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һˣ

ʹϯȫһ¾ͳۣʫŬҪ۾ֻա
ףȻи֪ѵûǵʱѾоѪҺѾĺ䣬ټèѪѵܹ
ļǵãȻĪոʶһ£ͱɹˡ
ײԼһϢʱ򣬻§Īҫ
ĪĪϵǧС㣬ҲԼı֣һμĪϵķװ
ʱʫùھΪĪϵϯʦĪΪĪϵǧС㣬ȴûܹĪϵĸְ
Īģָʾȥײʫ
ѾΣˣǵĶ㣬ҪϢ˭ʫŬҪ۾η
ӦҽԺѵǶԹŮŹ𣿻˵˸أ
Уò׻ڵøϽŬ۾ȴ˲˺üˡ
ģȷûǶԹŮΪ֪ǻɻңܹϳ
ֻֻһ¶Щ˭أ
Ϊ˽ֻܹװ˯Ȼˣô϶ʱûΣյġ
ҿԭСǳմھȻ˳ǸĺӰһŮһĳ˵
ǻˣҪȻڹ¶Ժ˱ˣǿˣҲѹˡ˵˵
մʲôʱմˣǵʲôõ갢̰
¶ԺʫԴͿû׹ôһ¡
裬ͲҪѹˣҽǶ˵ѾûˡһǳȻܺǸоǺܱ䡣
ĳĳʫú֣۾ʱǲҪ˵ĺá
ǰ裬ٿ޾ͲƯŶŻؼءԭǸͦ˵ġ
ʫܹȷĸˣʶΪʲôеôȣǡʫ
ܹǸˣᰴ಻סģҪʱóס
˵ĺŻعѣǺʲô鰡Ҫô꣬һȥ꣬һҪ¶
ŮֿʼˣȻǷǳģʫЩݣŮ˵Ļǳ
ΪԼСǹ¶Ըûĸ飬ů
˺ˣҽ˵ҪϢ裬٣ȳȥɣҪˡǸٴ˵ȻǺȨġ
󣬱۾ʫŽŲԶ룬ˡ


ڶ¾ȻǸɵǧ

ȵûԺʼ۾ʱǿֻôоǺ׼䣬һ
ףΪʲôͷôۣǵԼǱײѪͷû˰ǸϽߵԿ˿
˭ɬ׾˭ΪʲôôİͲԼ
⾿ô£ΪʲôһˣͻȻٵĳһʣѵʫѾˣѾһϣ
ģδҲ̫˼ˣʫ÷ǳԽܣǾİȴҲڸѾһˡ
ԸոǼֻݵ˭أ
մոǸŮ˵СմڿʼҪװմ
й¶ԺѲɣǸղŵǸĸףӹ¶ԺСе˼һʫ벻ס
ΪĪϵϯʦھȻҪװմʫʱûʣǼȻүһĻᣬ̵ĻҪ̵ġ
ǼȻմ嵽׳մ̶ֳأǷǳǻһأ
ûǵþ䣬üȻ˳ǲǿװմأǲǿԺôһأ
Ҫװմһˣٹ۲һ£ҪǱ˷ʲô߳ͻᱻֶԴġ
˼ʱ򣬲ȴͻȻˣģʲôǮ˼Ұ֮ǰ
Ҳǣڿһɵӣ֪ʲôòŵġ
ľٺܸ˵˵
ԭΪο϶Ҫܾòѣո׼һ£ͷѾˡ
ֻһվӣǷķ񰡡
ʫЩţ֪ʱķӦҲ֪Էʲôˣʲôϵ
۲ǰˣʮͷͣƤĺܺãȾ˽ɫͷԵ÷ǳʱУһǸС
簡òһγɵ˰ɣ綼Ằˣľüͷ˵ȻЩġ
磿ʫĺһԾɻǾúܵġ
ˣһΪ̴һأľЩµ˵ڹ⣬ȷǶĸΪ¶ӹ¶Ժãûж顣
ϾĸϲѾͷԻϣܹúõġ
ԭ̣ʫԼ֪ԼҪôˣνĶҲľǰ
磬ۡʫָָԼͷȻС˵·Ǻ۵ģ
ȻԼĶȷͦ񺮵ģҲֻܹװȥˣɲܹ˷ʲô
ԴãûΪûѪԵϵʲôҡ


׵Ĵ

ԴãûΪûѪԵϵʲôҡ
ľЦЦȻ˹ò˵ֱͦĸо
ڸʲôʱľԵúϡ
ʫ˳ķȥһǳˣͺһǧ֮ĸо
˺˧٣һװϵĸӣеģƤҲðףȻǺû򰡡
Ǹ˰ɣҲ֪ġ
磿ʫСĺ
ո˵꣬˵ɫ˶٣ƺúܲ˼顣
ǵɫ仯ʫʱ÷ǳţҲ֪Լǲ˵ʲôȻΪʲôǵôӡ
ˤһԺ󣬾Ȼűɽˣ磬㿴⻹һκأľٴȤ˵
ô˵Ժʫ֪ɫ仯ԭԭİոĲˡ
˵ʵλıɽȷͦ˵ģԼҲǲ׽ģ˵ֻŮˡ
ľô˵Ժ󣬶ľɵɫȻǺܲÿǿ⸱µģǺܲ
˴Сӣʲô鶼ûй飬Ҳ֪ΪʲôľСǰԺ󣬸ûк
Ըոһ硱ͦõġ
ֻܾﲻԵĵطǻΪŵСŮֱѡˡ
ǲǺУľֱñۿһ¶ľ٣Ȼ˵ƺںܲ
ʫֵܻͦȤģȻֵܣԸȴʮǧͦ˼ġ
硱ӣӦǺλ硱ɣɽڼĵλǺܸߵģԺҪҪĴأ
úúãҾ֪ҺУˣһҪǴ۸㣬ǵôĽаľΨ²ҵ˵
˵ԺֱˣĿԼһۡ
ֻǵľ뿪Ժ֪ˣʫЩš
ܾλɲһλúŪĽɫ¶ʲôţʱһоˡ
ȻѾ֮֮˵ݣȻȴҲδһ


¸˰

ľɾĿھǰãʵһֱûжٵӡ
СʱΪľһкϣŮӣֻǺƻҲû
ĸ׵ִǵʱȥ¶Ժѡһӻ
ֻȫ˶û뵽ǣȻԵԲ⣬Ĺ¶Ժ飬ҲڻԺȥʱ򣬷˾Ȼ⡣
ҽ˵ˣԶֻܹҵ̣ĳմ
ʱΪʤл˺ܾãǺڶľҸУԼóɵһӣľܹ֤һʳǡ
֮ʮľٰʱֵܾͱȥˣֱǰΪľŵһЩʣҲոձҵԶˡ
ʵʱľٲҪΪĿҵأͷҪŻ
ֻǶľٲϲҵȻҲԸķ棬ԼҲΪ˶ľŵܲãĸ׶ľ衣Ѿ˶³λá
ûʲôӡֻ֪ǸɵӣһԼö֮Ҳȥˡ
֪˳ע⵽ԼСɵãԵ÷ǳĴȻʶԼνϵãĺҪذ
С԰ףԭƤûѪɫĳ£ԵøӵĴƴСȴɬΪԵĳɵǳķḻʡ
˰ǡľɵ䣬ֻȴӿڴͳһʫô۾û뵽˾ȻΪǡ
ոն粻˵ûнйǵĹϵӦҲǶðɣ¿񲢲ӵİ
Ͼ飬һ˻ǻͦɵģɽ϶ǻӲԸİɡ
ЩɵĿܾЩţǰҲЩ֣Щ˵ĹŹ֣ķĲ񰡣
ôˣԼôɻ񣬶ľһʱҲڵķӦЩ֣ܾ飬Щ̸еġ
ֻεĳͷʲôӰ죬ͻȻָһЩأ
û´磬ôÿİǣĺϲʫԼոЩˣԸϽװһ޺ɰ˵š
ֻˣ֮ǰǺǰ˵ģڵķӦһ⣬һ˷ܣöľɲԾüͷ
ʲôԵĵطֿʲôֻǾѾЩһˣѵΪԭ


һļͥ

˭Ҳ֪ľԲǲʲôˣֻѾָһЩ̣ЩҲֻǲ룬ľҲ֪еô¡
ʫöľɵʱһĿĶУʱ֪˭ˡ
ǸոյǸŮ˰ɣӦĸףڻ˾÷ǳůϱǴܵůġ
ֻǱϵĹϵǴӷŵֻƬ֮Уܹףĸ״ûп
䡭ʫھԼ·ĿԼһǰǶôĿԼܹһͥԼ衣
ֻҲ֪һжֻԼĻѣ֪ĪԺֻǾʵ̫ƽˡ
һδεĴΣһļͥҪͷôܹأҲֻǾһʵ̫ƽˡ
֪үҲôƽģΪǰŮˣ׼İɡ
ȻĻҲʧȥᣬⱲӺúһůɡ
ڰ飬ⱲǲˣΨһϣģһҪǶԹŮõǵıӦľ޷ȥ
ʱ̣Ҳȥں˷ˣϾʵģǱԸ˱仯ҲԹˡ
ˣˣʤпԼŮС˲٣ԭģʱֻǾöǹǸС
ĸ׵ģŮÿǾԼŮʵ̫ˣȻһδε顣
ڿԺֻǾĵۣǸˣҲһֱˣѹˡ
䣬ˡȻúӵһǰ裬ľöˣҲ֪嵽Ƕ˶ˣľǰˡ
ҲֻҪԵģǵȴһԺ˵ˣҲüƽôࡣ
ʤע⵽ԼʱֻŸˣȻѾʮСʱûнʳˣǣǿ϶ǻܶġ
ҽҲ˵ˣҪһҪԵ࣬θźãֻո̫Խ鼸ˡ
ԲǼ̫ˣ͸ȥȥʤһǸ˵ǿݵСʱӾˣʱ÷ǳ
ûչ˺ȥֵʱͲᷢ飬Լûˣǻ÷ǳھΡ


ûѪԵʤѪԵ

ʤܾΪԵʣҲӣӲô࣬Ķ̫ˡ
ڣΣʼԼûΪľԼŮƫӣ׵˶֪ʤĽľѾͷΪ
ǼҲ֪Ҳ˵ЩʱԻǵԼúõĳԵȻ϶ˡ
ʫӣʱЩᣬʱӣλĸͦ۰ԼŮġ
ôŵӣһǽŮ֣ȻѾľ壬ԾɲЩĽλŮӡ
ȻԲЩ⣬ǴС˶Ĺذ϶һٵģҲʱԼЩ
ϱӲ˵İûеõҲԼʫľúܿЦƫƫֻһɵӡԼҪ˱òƶô򵥵ġ
Ҫúõһˣʱ仹ǼҪװɵȥģȻҪǱʲôȷǲõġ
ԺġָȻЩ˾ţȴҲôͻأģ뵽ЩûӦôˡ
ţͿġ衱Ѿ±˽Ȼһ˵ӣȻѾ޷ݴ˿̵ĸˡ
Ͻȵɣҽ˵Ҫúõһ£Ժ費ˡʤЩ˵ţľ÷ǳ¡
ǲԼŮѾˣȻ֪жô
ȻѾˣôͳԺɡľɵ˵ţҲѾæ˰죬˾һЩҪȥҲҪȥһ²ſԡ
ҪԺˣʫҲǺܲģܵԼװһɵӲװľͦѵġ
ôҲûκ˼ģһһɣҪǸز˵Щɣڻǵúúõſԡ
ţһͳԺ϶Ҳסȥˣؼҵġʤи˵˵ţʵҲ޲ˡ
ʫŶľɵ飬ܾúûٸ鰡һѲɲһӣѲ費һ
ʵˣȻʫ֮УͻúõİǵļˣŮõݡ
һжġ


Ҫ米ң

ԺԺʫﻹЩΪĴ뿪ʱܸһζĸоķǳĲ
òıʲôɣͦ˵ĵģҲ֪νĴﵽЩʲôЩҲЩ̽ĳɷְɡ
ǵˡ˼䣬ʤе𣬴ʫ˼
ڿĶľҲЩ֣һ·ǰĳ棬Ҫ֪ȻɵɲǸһ·ûзһ仰
͸Ӿʱܾ䣬˼ʲôһ⻹Ĳ̸еķӦҲЩ֡
γ˳ΪٴܵһЩһЩƽʱһķӦҲһ
ľҲȥʲôԼãײ׵һ£Ҳϣָܹܹ˵̣ҲǺܸ˵ġ
䣬ۣܲô米ҰʫһرģԿڸʻĴ磬ûԱһ¡
ɽһûб˵ģôһˣҪǱűˣָжôĲˬҪˬӡ
ʱĶľɺͶľʫô˵Ժ󣬶һƽµľǶľɵھȻˣ˴۾
Ƕľ٣ԼӦĲѡȻܷϲճãԾɻ֪
Ǻܺ棬Ҳ֪ǵǲٴܵ˴ˣȻΪʲôǹײأҪ֪ɲϲӴˡ
ʤȻҲЩ΢΢ľȣ˵϶ĺӣҲöľɱûʲôϵϾǴ
ɣͱðɣʤĻû˵ԼĶӱԼŮǷǳһ顣
ľֻǾЩ鴤Ҳ֪ԼĸģȻֻ̣Ѿ˰
ȻҲǳ˽ʤеԸ֪ԴӴӹ¶ԺŮ֮󣬾֪ӲУҲǸӱҪ϶ǲòȥģҪ߿ޱӲŮףӲТ˳Ļˡ
ľɺͶľҲͱշˣȻǲ⸱ίӡ
磬Ȼ㱳ˣ𽵹һ±ǵСɡľһ˵ȻתζĿʫһ¡


ڰ̫

Ȼ֪ľΪʲôΪˤһӱɶľܹףûʮֲһˣȤǶԴ̬ȣǰֻܾСèȴֻƻĺ꣬ûҪ۲һ¡
ûΪͻȻˣǰ֣ʼѡԵıˣҲ֪ܹܲмܵס
ãҰѳͣáʱ˿̶ľһӣСˣΪһ򶼺ܶҲκһ鲻
ؼͣԺȻ³ڳſڣֻȴǳĲΪĽӴ
Сϲͱ˹ĴԼԼãҲЩϰߣǱϾҲԼãҲֻΪѽˡ
ǼǾԼûκεѡƫƫʱ⽫ſıϣ
ûѪԵҲùϵ
ȻǸǣǵҲǳŮӴ˺ܲϰߣƫƫûһ˿
ľɵһξúдܸУƫƫֻһɵӣЩҲԼһ˵ķգĳ˻§Ĳӡ
ʱ˿̣ľһֱںĴ۲ǰһĻôӦ§Ŵ粱ӵʱ΢΢üͷ
ܵ˴ˣʱĸıҲδЩˣ˾ú֣ƫƫ˵Ȼ
Ѳҽѧϻ漣ܹһСɵ˳ױ˵ʵľòţԼǿܵġ
ʫûȥֵģſڴıϣоļǸһְȫа
ǵܵʱ򣬾϶ƽʱϲȻ··Ժ󣬿϶Ǽа
ޣЩʲôĴ簡ôЩ˼أʵ
ӳ⵽ʵҲ׵·̣Ƕľȴ쳣ڵ˿ʫֱӵɳϡ
ɣôô³ľһĮĽԼŮɳϣʤлǾ÷ǳġ
ô˵ãԲмģӣδ̫ˡ


ھ֣

ԣľתͷˣĿڶľͣһŲ
̫ˣֻʫû뵽ǣľɾȻֻôһ仰˾ú֣֪ʲô
˿ԼС壬ȻӹҲһңǿС첲Сȵģûʲôòã̸ذ
ǹģ϶Ǿ÷ڱԲŻᷴһԭ۶ǸСģҲѹˡ
䣬ôǲҪȻɽôԼҲԽɵӵúõ
ҲǿˣȻɽܸ䣬ĸ׵ʱ򣬾ܲǶٻͦ˳ӵģӦҲͦТ˳ġ
⸱޺ģʤУԿ۾Ҫ޳ί״ʤֻǾ÷·ĶҪһ㡣
Ƕ۶ʱתΪԶľɵˣùϵȻһϧɵã˵Ļġ
ʤоúﷴǸԼŮСȱݣƫƫӦĸ綼ô
ҪԼԺô찡뵽ʤľ÷ǳѹҲ֪Լôôĵġ
˵չϷŪĸ׵ľ̫ˣӲŮ
֣Ҫ˵ԣɩȥɡʤתԼıķ˵Ȼ󻹹˶ľһۡ
ʫҲôһˣҲϽصķ䣬ź˽һЩϰԼһЩõϢ
һ˵ֶûбҪ˽һµġ
ڶľɣรɣոǿˣĸ׿϶ǾúڹҪúõĽԼĶ˰ɡ
ȻҪΧһ£Ҳò㣬Լɡ
ȵȡֻǸո׼ɩ¥ȴĳ˺סֻҪأסԼҪ˵ʲô
ô˶磿ʫ¶ǳı飬һģöľپøոĺֻǼѣһжָһ㡣
ûˣһ㰡ľ¶ƦʮЦݣ⵹ǺܷĳԸʫҲᡣ
СɵӣǲĲһأһҪúõĿǧҪʧŶ
ľһֱ¥ֱʧߣת׼Ϸˡ


ʮ°ɣǲ

ʤȻ۾̳߳ƵĴӡ
ƽʱǶ˭ȻĮȴҲûйôСôȻôס
ǴۣʤоںбҪͶľɺú̸̸ʲ׶Լĺӡ
ɣǲʤҲ붵Ȧˣ֮ǰװʲôںԼɣɡ
ԼΪ̫æΪ̫ϲ棬ԲŶǵûʱչˡ
ǵ鷢ʱ־ûһжֻˣΪ񲢲ӵġ
ǵĲмӶĮģ˵ʧ϶ǼٵģԾɻҪǺúõ˵
ӣҪĸ綼ôŲʵӣԺҪôأģȥġ
úúõĺԼĶ˵˵һҪչôСͱӣôһҪչ˹ġ
ҪȻĲ֪ȵԼԺҪŻбϣҪӺúõĽһܹһ㡣
ǾԾɻǲúܵģҲ֪ӵܹܲȥĵĵط
裬ôô˵ľЩԾʵֻΪϰߺͱӴҲǹ⽫ɳӵģȴû뵽ôᡣ
⻹֪ôȥͣҲ֪Լ赽˶ᣬ֪ôȥˡ
Ǿͦ޹ϾȻõĸ鲻ǶǿңҲ֪ãԴС󣬵˹׽ŪҲŴ
ǼǰعԺÿһ˲μĳЩᣬ˹˵ľɵӣҪʱ򣬵ڶöԷӴû֮ء
ֻǶľ˲ϲЩȻҲ뽫߱ˣǼˣûбҪ˵Щ
ȷԣǲѪԼãҲôѪԴˡ
磬ûпոǸֵͦģҲ֪ûаǵСŵľһԴȤ˵
һֻӣľֱһ۵˹ȥҲöľһ磬Ƿǳɵġ
Ƕľɵ۵һԵʤҲǰһۣ֪Լӿɶʲôö
ҲֻոոȥˣΪҲ֪ƽ׽ŪĴɲ٣һӣ
ʤû˵ԭΪԼһĵСްټӣѾҸˣȴû뵽Ȼӡ


ʮһƫŮĸ

񿴵״ʤͻȻ̫ˣ˵ģӶԼŮһУôܹȥأ
䣬ⲻôڷˣҶһ˽Ķûеģ棬ô׽Ūأ
ľһ޹˵ţ˵ʱԻǴЩģʵƽʱȷЩ׽ŪԼãŪˡ
ЩɲҸ̵裬϶Ҫ͸׿ߵģʱ˵͵ȥ˾Ϲˣɲϲ־
ҲĴ磬һ쵽ڹ˾ֻҪԼĴ⹫˾ɢϰ
ҪǱϵȥ˾Ժ͵ÿ׼ȥ˾ЩңӾûˣԻǵſԡ
ǺԼӣҪְֿ֪Ƿǳģʱ򼴱ȡ֣׿϶ҲǾǴˡ
ľԼͦ޹Ҳ֪һǾ̫ˣԲôСһĻŵ鷢
ֻЩҲǲö˵ģһ̵϶Ҫżˣ˵Ҫˡ
ľپԼʹǲһģɲϲװȴҪԼڹý͵Ļǵý͵ģϾûдĵ
裬̫ˣȥϢ°ɣǵãôܲأİɣһȥȥ
ľ֪ڻˣҽԺһԲ£ֲôãôģȻЩġ
֮Իô˵ҲǿģҲûʲôҪҲûκε˼
ʤıҲǾЩƣ⼸һֱҽԺȷǾƣĺܣȷҪúõϢһˡ
ٿһԼӣҲ֪ʱ˵ЩûʲôˣЩֱӸǵϰ֣ҲֻжľܹƵסӡ
ҲˣֻҪԼСŮֽľͿˡ
¥˯ˣǸҺúչҪǱ֪۸ôͶľ˵
ʤһ֣ص˵¥ϢȥˣֵܣֻһΡ
ÿʤжϲöľǣ˵ĺ׸ĺǼһ˵ˣѾͷ治һôôأ


ʮ¹ڶľ

ʤִСƫһֱеԭ򣬻ΪľСɵҲǿֻΪ̫ҪһŮˡ
ҲǣΪԲЩм̫ںɹģôŵӣǶ÷ǳˡ
ʱʫҲšɵıǩѾѯɩҵĻϢ
֪ҾȻAķز˾ľŵļ壬ҲǶľڵݡ
ڹ¶Ժұ˶ľңΪ˶ľҵĵŮҲСС
νĴľɣľ٣ǺԲ⣬ӦǴӳͱΪɵˡ
ҲЩͷۣҪ֪ľɿɲһ򵥵ϱĪϵʱ˵ΪľҺĪ֪ľҵϵֶΣν߳ơ
ֻԼոòƵЩ¶ˣҪǱʵֻһ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôֶζԸԼ
붼û쬵ģЩԼոյľٴˣĺȥǸڵȴǲôġ
ҲֻܹýжʾԼλˣĲ֪ľɻ᲻ǳ
裬ǲǶϲѽʱʫӦóľһίĶ˵
ԼȻѾ壬ôȻӦýʵôǶľˣԺҲҪȥ
ȻЩ⣬üȻǮƵ˼ңôԺҪӦҲǷǳ򵥵顣
Ҫ֪ĪӦǷǳ򵥵飬ģҲȥ룬ֻܹһһˡ
ڱҪ֪ľɺͶľٶ̬ȣȻĲ֪Ҫ̬ȺݶԴǡ
ܾ˶˺ܶ飬˾ÿ͸Ƕľɣ˾ú£ֿǸӡ
С㣬ôô밡үû˵Ȼģϴ˵㻵ʱöԷûˡ
ϴģҲľɴ绰Բ֪µģбҪ߶ľ
һ뵽⣬Ҳ֪ûɵҡҡͷ̾
Ůӻǹֿġ


ʮ±סľ

ԭΪֵܶϲɵӡô˵ԺԼбҪԶľɸĹˡ
Щ˾ȵģԻҲôɣΪʲôոձԼʱ򣬾ͺǱըһ޲ӵأ
Ĵ̲סʵȴû뵽ľҲеôᣬΪʲôҪǸأ
ǶԼʤҲӣ֪ĻΪǲĸӹϵǼĸӹϵǸɽò˻ɡ
ôأôҲϲѽľٴʵȻ֪ľɲǶôҪʶľˡ
Ȼľ쵹Ǻܻ˵ܾǺԼ˼ЩΣҲ֪ôȥ⡣
ȻڿһһԼ⣬ԼǿȽϺá
үȷЩƤϲŪС㣬ҾüȻãҲΪϲ㣬ԲŻԸ⻨ʱȥ׽Ūġ
Ц˵ȻˣǶԼĽܾɲ֡
ǿ޹С㣬ʵǲ˵ĻϾžµõУסŵֻһĺӰ
Ĳ˵ܵĻҲΪоһ˿ĮŻôʵİɡ
ֻЩˣϾСҲֻ꺢̣ͯ粻Ҫһġ
ֻҲ֪ľҵôˣүͶүǲϲ˶λɵС㣬ҲԵЩ衣
ٲѰ˼ҶԴôذ˾öλСǳͬ顣
Ҳֻ̣Щ鲢ôģȻҪϸϸ׷ָҪôʧˡ
ЩԼҲ˵ģĶС˵Ҳ޷ģ˵Щһ¡
ľһЩߣľҲһֵģȻ˵ĺòƺϲ׽Ūð
ȻԼѾ壬Ժɲ׽Ūɵˣ֮ǰľ׽ŪЩԼ屨ġ
֪ˣʵʤģϾĸ׶ľ衶ҪʤеģȻĻԼһúõıסĴȵġ


ʮαװҲ̫˰

뵽ľԼһΣͦԽģǱеĺöˣҲûôˡ
ˡľԼǱֵĳɵһЩȻҪǱǸʲôͶ֪ô͵ĺˡ
迴ŶľһίСģҲǾúֻۣҪ뿪ľˣһʱ֮ҲЩᡣ
ǿԼչʮŮӣҲǾ÷ǳ᲻ãӵԺҪô죬ҲԼĺýúˡ
ǰĺýýľҵģҵˣûȥչˣͲܹڶľˡ
ԿŶľӣһʱ֮ҲǸпǧ÷ǳ᲻á
ҲĺϣܹúõģȻľòģԼĺýùչ
С㣬ʵǶ㶼ãϾһˡ軹ϣľܹĿһЩϣӴĶһ档
λ˵ǣľǾǲģ˵ĻҲϣˣҪΪЩġ
ϾҲĶľȻҲ֪軰л϶ֻǽ̵ĺͯѡ
ʵҲû뷨ɣ˺ֵܵˣԽĸеˡ
ǼǸе棬Ҳ׵¶ģҪǱֵܸϵĻǹùˡ
û˵ʲô֪Լڻ˵΢ܹʲôҪ˵ĻҪˡ
ֻҪǾôȥĻҲ֪ҪôȥԶľˣܾڿ϶ǶԼЩ˰ɡ
ոȻ׽ŪһʱЩˣǸ˿ǺܴģǺòҲûʲôõİ
Ϊ֮ƣǵ취úõȣܹôأԼո̫ˣȻû뵽
һҪҪıľɸʲôˣǲģҲѾˣܵشЩʧҲġ
ľɻʲôҲǲỳݵģҪôģֻҪĵĵȴͿˡ
ֻǻûһĹͺȥԷˡ
ԭźúõ侲˼һ£ҪǶֵܼˣܾٻЩĵġ


ʮ³Է

һ뵽ľжľ˫۾ľ;ԼǵѵУôǮƣȻԼһ֮ضûС
֪ΪʲôֽסĸоܵԼᱻֵܲ𴩣ƫƫֻһɵӣвͻᱻʲô
˭ֻһˣװɵӣҲһ쳤ХΪʲôƫƫҪһɵϰ
һҲͱ˼ҲͬܺгһˣǾȻȱϼͥҪӣӸеսսˡ
ˣ˵ЩҲûκ˼ģ֪ԼҲܹȥô࣬Ҳֻܹһһĺá
ǰԼԶһǴõģҲ֪ľĳԷϰģٻǻЩǡ
ٿһһˣǳԶʱ˹˹ĵģԼҲúһʵȺˡ
ǲǷ˲θڰԼŮԷôһʳģʤһĵʵ
Ҫ֪ƽľԷʱǺģȻθȴһģԿԼŮӣģҲǷǳĵĵġ
Ӳ֪ǲΪ˻ûкõԵʣٻǻõǡ
䣬ûаľҲˣԷʱ򣬵ǺúóԷأǲúóԷأ
⻻һԺ󣬾ȻԸô鷳ˣҲǲ֪˵ЩʲôźˣֻǿʤеӣЩĵġ
ƽԷӦòӵİɣôǲǸôڵĳأ
ҪףֵҪˣľԼʲôô˵ǰ
˲θڵĻһҪ֪ڵҪúòȵɩСʱ
ɩǼĳʦʤҲĺܵĶľ壬ֻϣܹԵ㣬ڵǲָƽķҲöȵ
ʤôеӣľľůůģû뵽ԼһΣȻôõĴ
ľүʵǲٰϱȱʧȫһˣҲøˡ
ȻˣֵܲôŹֵĻԼͦҸġ
ֻո¶˸ж飬ľɾһִľһζӿһ˿ŹֵЦʱЩë


ʮ¹

һٷԵĲϲµģΪİľԼԶٷȻҲôսսģӿҪô
ѵԺÿһٷҪ뵽ԺҪӣԼΪĵİ
䣬úúѽҪȡΪ˲ñɣԼǵúȵΪոʤ˵Ǻϲġ
ԼǿżƮһƺ֬Ҳֻܹʹˣ˭ʢȴأҲϣһֱôŰ
һ뼦ǰ붼ģҪ֪ʱнӣ϶һⶼԣϯʦҪڸġ
ȴһɵӵϣҲòˣ֪ԼҪüСʱܹĵ
˵Ҳ֣ʤ˵ϲʲôȺͼģôоôݣԼǰҲҪݡ
˱ˣЩ˺ˮҪ⣬Щ˳Ҳ⣬ǹƽģûиõӣǸ塣
϶Ů˵ĽģĪôԶֵ˰ɡ
Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ôԶֵ壬ڶһЩӦҲûµġ
һ㰡ʤмԼŮθôãҲˣҲôθܲˡ
ϾŸոճԺЩĶҲܹԣǼôϲӣֲ˵ЩʲôԶһҲǺõġ
䣬Щˣ¥ȥˡľܾһֱֵ̽ţҲʵŤ뿪ǵ߱ȽϺá
õģȺ¥ȥɣ˻ûãɲܹҳԶ裬Сʳ֪𣿡ʤзԸ˵ԼСŮϲҳʳöһ²ſԡ
ʤô˵Ժ󣬶ľһʱЩҲ̣ϲЩСʳҲġ
ԼһʳģԲزȥġȻҲȥôˡ
ľص󣬿ǷۺɫԵЩɵķ䣬ЩЦѵԼԺÿ춼ֳۺɫݵķ
ľЩΣȴҲֲСʱĹΰɣϱڹ¶ԺʱҲķ䡣
ܹӵһ䣬Ҳúˣֻ便ǲһˣٻǻЩŤġ


ʮ³մӦ

С㣬Ϣһ°ɡЦ˵ǻǾЩͷۡ
Ҫ֪̫̫ôһľЩΪѰҪ֪ľСͰʳҪڽʳҲһͦΪѵ鰡
λСƽʱɵĺܣǾڳԶ棬ǻżҲúܵġ
Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãԽĸеΪѣϣϽȥ˯ȻԼź͵͵Ĳʳ
⸱Ϊѵģľ֪ڿ϶ڵԼ͵ʳɣ˵ĺӣҲʵЩΰ
裬ȥæˣİɣǲ͵ʳġľ˵Ȼ֪ⲻݣǾûǲҪΪˡ
ľô˵ɫʱˣƺû뵽⾹ȻС˵Ļƽı˿Ĳ
˫Ӳһ꺢ӸеģѾʮµ飬һ˵
ˣһġԼıòЩ䣬ԶľϽһ䣬ܸòʲô˰ɡ
ֻԼԺҪķʽȥľʵһͦ鷳飬ΪԼܹúõĴҲòôˡ
ԸԺľҵ˲ῴʲôȻĻԼζǶģԸһжܹϽָ
ڵӣľҲ֪ҪָܹҲһֱװɵҲǳ֮ơ
һֱװһɵˣԼ˷֮ǰһҪԼԻָԼװȥġ
뿪Ժ󣬶ľڴϣ׳ĺ⣬ȴҲŲΪԭͲ
ֻҪľŮӼȥԲġ
䣬һֱۺɫݵķĻԼĶҪɰ׳ˣҸʱ䣬һҪúװһ¡
ǾԲԽŪô׳ˣԼŶ÷ǳŤ˵ˡ
ԴˣԼ޷ľ߳ɣûĽʵҲôŤˡ
Ѱ˼ţľЩţܵԼᱻʲô


ʮ

ÿ뵽ЩľͻĪķҲֻҪһƫƫ첻Ը
⡰ˡģţúܷİ
ɡȻװ˯ģǿǵװһΣҲװ˵ڶΣҪԵ飬ҲֻҪ˭ˡ
õ𣿡ľ˽һеʵ
ľ֮ǰ˵ĻҲ֪ľٿ϶ҲֻװģԼǲҪ˵ЩʲôźãھͿҪʲôɡ
磬ûˡŶľ˫һۣԵ˲ٵŮԶľҲ Щ
Ҳ֪ûн飬ûн飬Ҳ֪ûŮѣҪһദɩӵĻòҲù
ޣЩʲôǽ᲻ʲô鰡ڻпɽģֻҪúõģôʲôµˡ
ΨһȽϵĵģỤסԼʱҪֵķʲôûа취ı䡣
˼֪ʤϴ󣬵ԾɻǻͦģܺҴһɵǺװ
ڣľûʲôøУƫƫҪװһģԽĸеΣӲ֪˵Щʲôźˡ
ʱĲȥôģҪĻҪúõǰһأٲܹľٸʳʲô
ôô¸ѽľĸоԼôʱ˿̶ŵ롣
Ҫ֪ҲֻһСǣʵЩֿﲻԵĵطͦԽ
ľŶľٵӣܾ۶Ҫ׽Ū˵ӣҪǾôȥ˵뻢ˣһʱ仹Ǿˡ
Ѿ˵ˣҪԼȥĻָҪ˵ЩʲôǺģǽѰ
鶼زôҲûʲô壬ΪľپǱ̬Ϊ׽ŪģҲ㲻ȥġ
Ψһܹģȷˣ׽ŪԼ֮ǰȺúõ׽Ūһ£ûа취׽Ūˣõİ취ɡ
Ҫ֪ĶľѾǴǰǸľʫǴǰϯʦ鱦ƷĴʦô׵ı۸


ʮ¸ôô

Ѿ뷨ľָֻЦݡ
磬ô˹ȥװǳֵʵƺȴѾ⡣
ô¸أľľͷЦ˵
磬ѽôôأûȵľ˵ľȿ˵ʲô˵ġ
ľôҲû뵽Լ˶ʮ꣬Ȼ˵ϳܴ裬˵仰ˣȻɵá
Դʱ˿̣ľЩҲסˣҲ֪ľŵˣֻڹô˵
ʱһ޺ģòҪ˵ЩʲôûɣԻЩİô˿ȥôˡ
Ҫ֪ҪһɵӼƽϵĻԵҲһɵˡ
ԼܲˬʱԾɻǵ˭ŮأԲģҲֻܹˡ
زǳľپʱþһ¶ľſԣҪԺʵϵζ˵ǳĻǺûӡ
Ϊ˲ô룬ǺбҪϲǳ
ʲôľװһֵӣ⸱¶ģǿɰĽ
أֻˮѣ֪һΪ֮ǰˣһ⡣ľٴν˵
Ҫǻܹ׵ĻԼҲûбİ취ˣҪ֪һ˽ܼͣ򵥣Ǻһɵӽͣ
ԭ羹ȻŮһˮأľúܽԹٴδȤ֪κһ˵Ůһǲ˵İɡ
һľٵӣľ;úܲʱ϶ҲǲϣӣܹôŭͶ˵䡣
õİ취ȻҪ׽Ū죬ͺ˵üȻǶľҪװɵӣҲñ۸
˭㣬ֻŮ˲ܹˮģľ۾ԼãȻԾɻһɵɵӣȴ˾Щ
ֻǻһˮȻ˵һܺţϾÿ˵ҲǲһģҲ̸ǳİɡ
Ȼ֪ĪĲ


ڶʮ̽ľ

Ϊɵô꣬ҪǲڹȤˣǰԼãʲôһĵط
ȻѾԺˣҽҲ˵Ϊ˵ԲԻЩ쳣ĵط
ãһɵײͷԺ󣬳˱øɵ⣬ѲܹӦǲܵɣ
뵽ٻǻõģЩ֣˵ﲻԵĵطֻܹٵȵȿˡ
˵İ磬˵ˮŮ˵ĵڶΪʲôҲϲˮأľѾԼĶˡ
ȻѾ棬ôҲǺʱˣԸ߳ŭͺãǾͦ鷳İ
ǰǲϲ𣿡ľÿһ۶Զľ˵΢΢ĽǶȣƺһЩɡ
飬ľҲЩģ֪ôʵΪʲôֻǾЩΣӲ֪һеô¡
Լô¶𣿿һĺӣǺϲӵΪʲôľȴǲϲأ
ɻȴҲ֪ôͣѰ˼ԼҪô˵ôܹ˵ľأ
Щżʱ򣬷ٴδôʱ˿ֱ̣ľǰҲȥôֱ࣬ߵűϿȥˡ
ֻǸոսŴ򿪣ͼľһȻĿľɣǱȽϲͶľദ
Ǹ˻ЦһЦǰ磬һֱǱɽʵ˾û䣬Ӳ˵ˡ
ʱΪʲôأľǰвǣͻôڵܵأ
ڿɲܹ׵٣ϾģԼкܴʣҲô鷳
硭ľЩţӦǺ¶ľɵġ
Լʱһ㶣ǰЩ־岻񣬶ľ΢΢üͷ뷨ʵͶľЩƣܾñúܲһˡ
еΪʲôǶǺȻҲֻܹȹ۲һ¡
ҽ˵ǸӣľЩı䣬ѵıˣָ̻
ľܾòܣҽҲ˵ųֿԣҲ֪̬Դˡ
ûҩˡľǵ˵ţȴĵ˼˼ҩ


ڶʮһ¸Ҵˣ

˻ôЩ棬֮ǰôӣڻЩŵģҲ֪ҪЩʲôſˡ
ʱЩͷ۰֮ǰһĶģȴǰҪ֪ĹģЩмܲס
ȻҲ֪˵ЩʲôӦˣɲʲôȤ鰡
磬һɡľΪ˲ĳЩӴҲԼٴα¶ǲҪľɽӴĺá
ǱסԼѰ취ĻĺܲҵģҲԼӵùġ
ողǻø米Ҳɸ㻻ҩˡľҲ˶ľĲڣüȻеôȻҲӦýҩˡ
Ҫ˳ԺǲǺһЩЩʱôһӦûеġ
ô˵ԾҲŮ˵ĴҲýװĶȫװΪҪ顣
ϾڿǶһĹʧˣҲֻҪԼΣ֮⣬ûĿˡ
ҲϲЩ飬Ǳ˵Ĵ÷ǳĲҲֻΪԼãǲıˡ
ľٿһĮĴ磬ʱȻôĵҪҩ⻹ЩⰡ
ŴԼʵһ̬϶ҪǲǱһЩܾôˣٲĺˡ
ֵеǳĺ棬Ҫ֪ǼҵǲĻأ
磬ĲҪһҪһˡľΪľɿ϶ǷǳԼнӴģôôˡ
Ҫ֪ԽǺ˽ӴԽǾ֪˺ܶĶҲǷǳĺܵǡ
ڻЩĵģӲ˽ӽԼһʱֱӾܾˣ֪ԼҪǲܾĻùĿ϶Լˡ
ǲǺ߰Ȼ㲻Ҫ㻻Ҫö㻻ɡʱľ˹˵
ոձøȤһΣôԼúúõſԣɲһСӸˡ
ľˣʵû뵽ڻ˵ЩЩЦˡ
ĵôӦˣҪǲӦĻƸҪǸˡ
֪ӵĻ֮ǰֱװմŴȤʲôЩˡ
Ҳ֪˵ҪҶˡ
ľ٣ȥ飬ھͽˡľĳԼĵܵ˵ʱǲҪˡ


ڶʮҩ

ԭҪȡĶľͣǰ鵭ȻĶľɣֻܻߡ
ſڳȥʱ򣬻û²һ䣬ǽԼ۸أ
ֻôԸֻܳȥ˭ĶԼģ
һӷֻʣ˶ľľˡ
磬ҲԵģļ̌ͷգգ۾
֪ΪΣڶľɿĿĪĻţָоЩǡ
ϾһһθĻᣬܹл³ΪеһԱ֮⣬ʼľΨһǧС㣬㲻ģʤ
һһͥϲ
ڣĸƭȥˣ̫ҪȥЩѡ
ԣľɿһۣû˵
ױ̨Ա˸ӹ˶ľߡ
ղŸ˵ˣ磬񡣡ľͳǿľ޵ԼҩľץԼǰ
磬ۡľ͡
ȻڶľɷûԼ쳣Щɻ󣬼ȻûбֳҲ͸ɴʲô֪
ίСһ˫ӣģϾҪ޳
ͷһ۵Ķľɲû˵ϵĶ˲١
ԽľԽҪôߣҪæ
ľǰҲû׽Ū۸ÿؿľɵʱ̲סҪȥŪ䣬޿κεӣоúܡ
ǰޱȱûĪƭһҪԼģҪݷҪ
ߵÿһҪɽҪͷĵһ飬ԼĴڣңջضĻɡ
ջԼ˼ļ̌ͷͿľɳЩԸģ
žҪ˵δȴ˶ľһ
Ҷüͳȴʮֺ
ֻǶһѾŰ˵޶ԡ
ŶľԴССĴ˼ǿħһһ
ľ㻹ǱˡӵĿۻûôعΪˤһӱ
ȻҲ׷Ź㡣
ϣľҩת뿪
ľΪˤ䣬¾һԽʮıˣ޿ܡ


ڶʮʮ õȫ

ľȻ˼
Ǿرί
㲻ԭΣһҪ˰ˣвһǰ㣬ֻ飬ôý͵ģֻ˵֮󣬻Ҫħָˡ
룬ǲס
ӷ֮۵ľɳϿӵʤС
䡭ľգգ۾˳ȥ
ϱСܣſɰķɫ˯µŮѾˣȴǸĺӡ
ǸҲǾµǰűޣССķ۷ۣë΢΢ţľʤеߡ
ˣԼŮʤɫƽֳָЦݡ
İѶľ§ڻСѯʣԴ۲۰
ģĪʡ
ˡľҡҡͷ
ǲˣżһֱȥȥȫ˽ⲻĪ顣
Ҫ취ȥ
䣬磬أ˵ŶľܿһۣЩɻʤС
ԣʤεЦЦԹĿ˵˵㣬硣
Դ׵ӣľϽ˵û
СãҪȻȥɣʱͻȻľٵ֮дЩЦ⡣
Ϊľ飬ľľ˶˼
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ԣľתƫƫ϶ľ̽ʱΡ
磬ѽգգ۾һ
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ԣľٻľߣʤУ裬ѾͷҲסڼ칫ҪȻҴȥ棿
ľºͣѯʵ
ԣʤüͷ⡭ûأ
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ҪΪѶľȥˣҲڳô顣
ŪҰѶľųȥˡ
裬һúչġľٿ۶ľý
˵ǲǰ
ľ뷭ۣǲǶľһʮֻĴӦ
Ҳһǻ£Ҫһֱ˼ϡ
ֻеõȫΣܹһ
ڵĶľѾǴǰǸʫˡ


ڶʮ¶ľٵ̽

뵽ЩľĿⴥʤеʱЦ
§סʤеĸ첲գգ۾䣬˼Һܾûгȥˣöҳȥɣ
ҪܸߵĵطȥҪöģľſ֣ҪչʾԼĶ
ɣҪȥģ裬ܲΪˤһӣһֱڼɣ
ϣʤоһǵͷӦ
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ľܹ֮ȫȫģԼĽᣬҲܹԼ⿪
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ڹ˾﷽㡣
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һɫ˹˹棬ȫ֮»΢΢⣬ʮֺÿ
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ǰʦʱҲϲƴˣԶľҵȻЩ˽⡣
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һŮеģҪֲС
ôϲĳ𣿡ľٿ۶ľѯʡ
ϲһƽʱôáҲ֪ΪʲôȻҲѪĿˣ
ԣľתĿŶľ٣磬⳵ӿÿ԰͸𣿡
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ȻһǶľԼҲ׵ľܾԣ⳥һҲΪǣ
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˵
ΪʲôҪȥĿģľٿûǡ
Լã˵ȴҲǴСڶľҳˤһ֮Ǳһˣʵ⡣
Ȼ벻ôŻˣö˵ʮ취úõ̽̽Ǹʲô״
ջԼ뷨ľٷţҲƵĳȥ
ľǱһ˱ͣߵĶľ٣˻ίͰ͵ġ
̫ˣ㣡


ڶʮľ

˹˹ڳͣ
˵ǸУɶľ㷢֣ǲڳУһ㳡ǰ¥ܸߣԼĪи߰˲㡣
ȥԵ㶫Ķľٹ§סľļ˵žߡ
ԶԶĿţ˻˿ŮĪ䡣
磬ô󰡡ľæ㿪ľٵ֣˹ȥ
Ī֮Ӵ뵽ǰĪ˶ġ
ֻǣľԼҲûз֣ʱľദʱûκεķС
ľĶľȴװʲôûзһ㡣
ﰡǳԷĵطȻȥˣҪϲģ͸˵
˵Ŷľߵǰ棬öľš
΢΢۾Ķûöľɡ
ĸŶľٽȥ˳֮УľЩ
װεľ²࣬඼ǰʶʦƳĶ
۷ŹĿΧֻΪԼɵһ㡣
ֻĿⴥһ鱦ʱ򣬻ⲻ˶ԭء
ƣ
ΪϯʦʱƳһ鱦ȥ֮׬һʾ޿ȫ˳еļ¶Ժ
Ϊϯʦ֮ļֵǲɹġ
һ鱦һ΢΢⣬Լ˵ĵգգ۾
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磿ľһϻװɻģ
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ֻǶľɫһף˳ˤ˹ȥ
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ˡˡ
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ǣûһȱݵˡ
磿ûȶľڣԭҪȥĶľȥľɵʱ΢΢üͷ
ſľҪˤӣæܻأ


ڶʮ˷

ľ֮󣬶ľżɿӣĪ
״ľа˲顣
ȻӲУҪ˵ԭģݣһ˫۾ˮģǻ˵ټƤ𪣬Ǵȥᶪӡ
ʲôľۿ۶ľ٣ôܲԼܵܵ˼
ֻǰľų飬ôȥʤ֪ˣ׼Ҫһʹء
ϲŮ˿ޣ
ڶľҪ˵ʱ򣬶ľǰһ
磡һĹס˶ľɡ
ôڼѽӶľؿ̧ͷգգ۾
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⼸仰һ׶˵ĶľǿЦã֪ģԼ粻ϲŮ˽Ӵ
磬ҲǹİҾǴһ
ˣôľɻѯһ䡣
Ķľɽ΢΢ĶľЩֵɫ
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ľ磡ʱ˵Ů˵ЩΣĺܡ
ԣļ̌ͷȥһܺÿŮӣһɫȹֲ˾ɣ첽߹
ľ磿ľü۶ľ֮󣬾˽еĲԼ
һֱŮ߽ſ󣬡ԭĪ
Ī
Ůʱ򣬶ľѾԭء
ΪǸղŵǸԣʵ̫Ϥˡ
ʱŸ߸ЬԽԽ
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ԣļ̌ͷӺһƬʵ㹻Żˡ
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ľҲĶľ׷ʲô¡
ôˣľԱ߽һöľع
ŮˣŮˣָĪѡ
һܼ꣬


ڶʮССıһ

⻰˵ԱߵĶľٸϽס˶ľ͡
治˼ǵãľֻϧСմŻ
ѾͷǣΪֻ»ûлָǺö˶˵˵Īôһ£
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˵ˣľԩ޳ġ
ûû¡Ͻ˰֣ЦЦԼĻš
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磬ĪС㣬Ҫȥѯһ䡣
ķᣬһὫƷȨľ硣˵飬ĪЦ
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ЩĶľȴԽ˲֪ô֪ܲǿƣͲŮ˵ģ
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ŮˣŮˣľţû˶ľٵĽĪ˹ȥ
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ָо֪еܣѾ͸һһ㡣
áľɳ˵һץס˼ĶľڻС
С˵Ļһ۶ľɣһ硱˹ȥ


ڶʮת

ľٴʱܶð
Ժ۾Χ˿ԼǶ
ôڳ棿ţĿⴥڳǰˡ
һһװͦñֱһһ·Ŵ⡣
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ԭǴ̽̽ľģû뵽ѾͷĲôղſĪʱô顣
ʲôˣԣľɫһף鿴ЩңǶԷŵһҲס
˫ȴίʲôҲˡ
Ȼ緢Լ飬ֻαװٹ꣬ǽӰȦӰҲ⣡
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Īһһġľ硱ţľɵݲһ㣬ȻˣԴӶľ֡
ֻˣľ˵Ѱ죬뷨ӲС
ʱߴĶľɵع
ľûƭңȻ֪ġ
ɫװͰ͵ġ
ľһƨϣģϾҪ޳
硭ôôװҲ֪ҡһ˵һߵᣬǺޣһ£ûһ˵Ӱӡ
ǳӸЧãֻҪȥñͣ¿ǲ۸Ůˡ
ˣľüͷȵ
ǰѾͷҲӣѲɾˤһ֮ıԸ
㲻֪Ҳ㡣һԼ侲
ƽʱĶľɱ˵ǺСúýϲϻܹ⣬Ͳһֱȥ
񣬾Ȼܹľ˵һĸı䡣
ȻĻľίͰ͵Ĳ˲飬


ʮȥֳ濩

˺ˣ˵Ǵģɴȥֳɡľ˵֪ΪΣո״֮󣬶ľٵûҪ̽Լõ״
һ㹻϶ģǾһˤһйϵ
ֻеǶľԼ׵ġ
˫˸񣿻Ҳдġ
ʱĶľΪܹȥֳľѣǶľɣҲûоܾ
棬Ҳġľ˵ԵĶľ֮ջԼĿ⡣
ԣľٱ˱ͣû˵
ȵ԰ľ˶ܿ˿ܣܣǲֺ
磡Ҫľָǰĺ۷ŹĿŶľľˡ
㲻ȥľüҡҡͷľĪ뵽ʲô
Ŷľ֡
ԣľıĵ˵ǰ
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硣һ
СͿָߣ⺣粻ҪȻôȥɡ˰֣װһģ
ģûжľ㣬Ǳ龫еСžſɶĺأ
ȻͣľٵĻľ۷Ź⡣
תͷľɣûڣ˾ܾҲģľ٣ҪǲһȥȥͲȥ
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ľɿһۣüͷ
ſȵܵԱЩ˵ĿֵɫľԽĲͷ
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ԱߵĶľٿŻǲֺȻöľ
ı֮󣬶ԼµĴ磬Խˡ
ҪľһãԺôһ̬ȡ
ڴ


ʮһ¿ָߵĶľ

ճ˾һĶľľüͷԽԽǲôҵľӢȴЩΪ
ȥƱ˵һġ
ЩԸ˵ȫûô
ԣľɿľɣһƬϲĵΧŶľתȦȦ
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ͻȻʼһɣǰڶľĻɣǲԼˣֻߣҽѧ漣ʲôֵ飿
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ȥɡ΢΢գգ۾һ˿Ц⡣
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Ŷľɳǰߣľ첽ȥͲϲźá
ۿ˸ݹԱķԸ˰ȫ
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ȻЩ飬Ҳֻжľһ֪ˡ


ʮȻεˣ

ջԼ뷨ľɵͷֶľڴĿŹԱ
磡磡ľ˷ܵĳվ濴ŵĶľ֡
ľ֣Цͣ
ʱԱ˺ĿأѾܹܵζ
ľ۾˼𽥱ó
֪֮УľմĽɫԽΣĵĳʱ޿̵Ĳ
Լĳң⣬Ʒᡣ
ҪҪԼĶҪ
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磬û°ɣľٵĿⲢϣԱߵĶľɡ
ʱĶľɫ԰ףƫƫӻվıֱüͷ֪Щʲô
ԣļ̌ͷ۶ľɣ״ѽһ˹ȥ
磬ôˣգ۾
硭¡ľεҡҡͷԭҪ齲
ɻû˵ڣ㱻ľɺȵ죡
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Цԭûٱľлᣬһ׷ŹƶľٵĻᡣ
˵˵ҲԭȥҪɵģԭʶ
ôˣľСĳ˳ľٵ䡣
ˣҪϢϢľ˵ƫƫʱ򣬲ԶͻȻͨһ
ûȶľٷӦһеĶľŻˣϽ˹ȥ
磡ôˣ̫𣡡żƶľ١


ʮòһ

ľɵεüֻܻؼҡ
Ƿİɣֻܵ˵̼εˡҽɫ˵
ԣʤؿڣһ
ллҽӾûʲô顣Ц
֪ľεʱĻˣѪĶӣСûôĹ
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ôҲû뵽ľɾȻΪһκεˣôһߴˣƽʱʲô鶼Ǵ䲻ˡ
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ԣľԴʲôϵҪΰԺͶõ㣡
˵ţ˱ϵɳϡ
ĿⴥղԼ˵ĶľſڴϿίͰ͵ġ
һʱ֮䣬ľٻ˽ĪʱĶľɷϣһͬһˡ
ţüŶľ֡
ԣľͷһۣƼľɫжѾµҪʲô
Ƕ㲻ģȻˣҲûʲôµġ
첽ߵ˶ľٵߣŵɳ档
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㣬ûоԼ첻Ҳû취ʲôЦ
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ԣľԼԴҡҡͷܣѾˣ
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ҲǲģȻ֪ľ׷ʲôǾʹȥҽԺ顣
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ɶľȴ仰ʱɫ԰ףϽ˹ȥҲҪҪȥҽԺ󻵵Ҫң
󺰴еĳ˳ȥ


ʮһҪȥ

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ˣԽ֣ԽܹΡ
һ£ԺҲ뷽˵١
飿ǲ顣ǲţܲ鵽ʲô


ʮ»Ǹð취

ľڻжͣľɵɫҲԽѿ
Ů˲һı仯
ò˵Ůˣһ
ҽʹȥץסľӣԼ
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ڴȥҽԺףľɿľץסĸ첲¥´
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͸ӾźŵǸŮˣľӣ֪Щʲô


ʮĴ

֮ǵҽԺ档
˯أʤǵĿԱ˯˵Ů
֪Ķľޱѡ
ű˵ĿעӣľԼʶȥ
ľ˵
֪ΪʲôڷԼñ仯ʱԭȴ
ľĳΪãģԸá
ڶľҪǰʱ򣬶ľͻȻǰ
ͳڸովʱ򣬾ЩĪĺڡ
ΪʲôҪվⲻ
ѵΪСѾͷı֮Լġ
״ľٵͷӦһѱϵŮľԱЦ磬㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵𣿡
ϣľɿһ֮ܵʤ߸š
һֱҽ칫ңľžתѡ
۾ܿһۣﰡ
ŶľҽԼԱߵʤ֡
£ҽ㿴ǲ롣
¶ľΪ´ٴο֣Сİο
û뵽ǣһζľûڣǰԱߣ۾ҽľɵĶԻ
һ֮ҽм¼ıʡ
Ҳ˽ˣмҪǵģһҵȻһȫļ飬Ҳ²⣬Ӧûʲôġ˵СʱǸմҿҲе㲻һˡ
˵ţҽ۶ľ
Ҳ²ˤһˤӣпָܻҲп˫˸ҪȻǺ֢ܶ״ⲻ󣬲Ĵ㣬Ͼܶҽѧ⣬ҽҲʲôпܡ
ҽ棬ǰüˡ
Ĵ㣿ʤɫһס
³ľǸʲô֢״ȷǲ˵ġ
Ĵ㣬ʤɫһףԱ߹ɵĺӣʤͻȻ
ģģô
ֻǴ㡣ҽð״ӣ˸ɡ
˵ţ˹ȥ
䣬ôˣľǵĿŵʤС
ԭΣ⼸ŷһ㣬û뵽ҽһ仰ӻ
ԣϽ˲ᣬЦ˵û£ɣôȥɡ֣Լӱľ֡
ţľգգ۾ɵĸŶľ뿪
¶ľԱ߰ο
Ͼⰲο飬öľǸϲ˵ʵǲ׵


ʮ¼

ҽһϵеļ飬ڶľҪͷʱһжˡ
ڿȥ𣿡ľ˳ľɵ֣Ͱ͵ġ
ԣľɵͷһۣոҪͷʱҽͻȻһ䣬ȵȣһм仰ҪľС˵һ¡
ԣľתͷգգ۾
ľԱۿţɫ䵭ģ֪Щʲô
ľС㣬û˸˵ֻߣ᲻һʱ䣬ǲסԼˣ
ҽѯʣľ˼һ
ҪҽõԼҪõĽ
װ˼֮ҡҡͷüͷ΢΢Ҿҵһˡ
Ҿһˡͣ˵ҲԺġ
ȷ˵ʵЩЩ֡
ǶľɣҲ
Ǹʲô˵
ֲ֢δ˵ǴȥҪϵˡ
뵽ľ˼ó˵֪Ϊʲô֮еӦ˭ҲҪġ
ٿŶľԼõʱĪľЩ
֮ҽͶľ˵һЩ
ԽҽıͱøӸӣľȥŮʿˡ
⿴۶ľɣе˼Ѿʮԡ
Ҫú̸һ̸ľˡ
һжľҲ
ҽ᲻ᰴҪȥ˵һȷء
ϻҪװģ˵ĴӦ첽˳ȥ
ſڣ˳ֽŴϡ
ɶľû뿪ס˽ŲתŰ칫濴˹ȥ
ֻҽľˣɫء
ҽǸʲôľüͷҽģľһʱ֮侹Ȼ˵
֪Ϊʲô뵽ԼһجģоĪܡ
ģûôءҽ˰֣õ˵ʵҸû档
ҽʵ˵
Ҫ֪ľ飬ȥרҵĵطҲûа취ġ
ԣľĿҽԣĥĥ˵˸ӽ
ҸղźĽǲ꺢ӣ˵Ӧ߰꣬ת
תת


ʮǵ̬ȶ

˵ģҽ˵ĻǶľҲԵЩȡ
Ҫ֪ľѾͷӣСӡ
ɵģʱǹ¶Ժûн˵֪ľѾͷʲôط
ܹȷľǣľңҾˡ
Ȼġҽ˵ͷ
ڳһЩҲйӴȻǳմ˵ʲôĶֻºԽԽá
鲢û򵥣ЩΪˣҲҪúõС
һմʮĺӣͻȻһΪˤһӾͿʼ𽥻ָ
ţҲҪ಻¶ҽѧѧ߳ооˡ
㲻ȥоţľ۾ΣյĿҽ
ûûԡ
ԣҽϽҡҡͷ
ҲҵĲ²ˣһԷģ巽ûһ㲻õĵطҽЦŽ͡
Ǹ²⣬ҪооеҲ֢״𽥻ָˣȶ֤ݣܹк鲻ǣ
ԣľĵ˵ͷ
еĶľһϲԭڵʲôԾĵطֻҪҽûаԼ뷨׼Ͱ׷ˡ
δ뵽ҽԼǸ
ϿģҲϲõĲУıĳʤ˵Ϣ˹ȥ
䣡ľĽһʤеĻС
ԼĲѵŮͻȻ֣ľȰ˰춼ΪʤвЦ˳
ҽ˵ʲôˣЦľԴ뵽֮ǰҽ˵飬ǾõĲѡ
ԣļ̌ͷ¶ҡҡͷҽȳڸ˵ء
˵ľɣľЦЦĺܡ
ĶľǸմûʲô顣
ͬǿɰҪλİܹĪӴƱҪ˵ġ
ҲϵãҪģǶľɡ
ǸˣѪ飬ȴҲ飬ļˣʮĵġ
ֻľĻʤеɫֲÿΪʲôҪ˵أ
裬ͷİɣ¶ġľ˵
̲סԹ̫ˣ
ҪĻҲЩѰ


ʮһ鰡

ǶľʤУûżȥҶľ⡣
˻ʱѾȥһˡ
ľԱæԼģϰڷ˲ٵζϲʳֻܹԹԵԱ߳ԡ
ҪһݳմڿЩѡ
ܵոս˿ԼĿ⣬ľ͵ʲô֪档
ɰҽ˵ʲôľɣʤоͼѯʡ
ֲ̫˵ľմӲУѾ꣬ȴֻҵ͡
ǵö˻ģ£˵˲ģܲˡ
ʤĵǣľɿͬӵĶľ٣ߣǳȥ˵
ѾȥľѾеݡ
ֻҪּ죬ֳӦñֳļҲ֤ʵǵĲ롣
Ȼûһʤв˲ᣬ첽˽
ڶľûзӦʱʤһѱס˶ľ޸ͣ
״ľգգ۾֪׷ʲô顣ʤеͷЩɵġ
䣿ôˣǲǸ۸ˣ磡˵ţҪߣײ˽Ķľˡ
磬۸ˣľ۶ľɣĿ˶ľٵϡ
е˼Ѿʮԣ۸ʤĸ׵ģ飬ľҲᣬ󶼳Ĳˣ
״ľٷ
裡Ҫٲ˵ҿɵñԩˣľٿԱߵʤС
벻ľı֮󣬾Ȼӣϲô磬ģˡ
ԣʤЦƺĳĲ˵˵㣬ǲƽʱ۸ֻһ˵ģ
˵ǲǣʤгŶľ֣ԼСŮӣļԶ׼
ľ˵֮Ͷ˵ĺ޲
ֻӵһϣľܹıĻõˡ
ԣľԱεĶľ٣ЦЦѽ۸ң
ϣŶľٷεıʱ򣬶ľпĵĲС
ңҪ뵽֮ǰȷ۸ģǰ˰ˡ


ʮû

˺ˣȥĺóԵĸԣӣݳˡʤЦ˵Ŀⴥɫ쳣µˡ
ԣľɵͷ˳ȥ
ڲܵʲôľΪʲôҪͻȻ׽ȻһˣľɾͲһ㷴ӦС
ڶľ٣ľһʱ˵ͣ㿴ôͽ۸ˣ˵ˣⶼǰ飬Ѿͷɱ˵ˣ
뵽ȫˣʤһֱ߶š
ʱᵽ飬һȰɵץȥ˾ϰ࣬ǿɾܲˣ
һһģ˾ҽԺȥԱߵĶľɣĿʱʱĿŶľӡ
⻹һ֪ʲôܹݳ飡
ؼҵʱѾ˲ٵĶ
ľ˸߲ҵ˽ȥĴ˿΢΢⣬ʮּ
裡裡óԵģľҵ裬˿ʮֻϲ
û뵽ˣһԭأɶľѾҸȥˡ
ɻĿʤУʱʤи˵زסվ˵ҽ˵ڻָ˵ʱ䣬̾ˣ
˵飬Ҳ˵͵
ԼųŮָܹʵԤ֮顣
ǶľһֱǸմȥʤҲѾչԼ뿪˼
ֻżǻᵣģԼƯŮ᲻ҪؼңûУ᲻úչ
뵽ǵ̬ȣʤÿ뵽鶼ܹá
ʲô۾ѡ
Ҳû뵽һմʮ˻ܹлָʱ
꣡ʤоĸϽסͣڲܸ˵ܽܣ˵ˣΪ֮˳Ȼĺãʱ˵ûˡ
Ƕľ˵ģ˼֮ʤоǸð취ȻҲڴӦ
ҲǼĵ˵ͷ
ƽʱǾöľһõСѾͷȴΪСδ֪ԭӡ
ûзС㣡輤˵
ľҲϲõģһΣľҵЩ˶Խˡ
һ£Ҳڶľ׳棬˳æʤ˵˵ֺ


ʮһСͥף

ۿҲܰľȴֵĲС
䣬ΪʲôҪףľ뵽ʲôѯһ䡣
ʼʤжûȷеĸҽ˵Ļ顣
Ȼľһһˡ
ԣʤһ͡
Ժ֮ԭҪúףһ£ֻӸ絣㻹ûлָȥҽԺҽˣܽȻҪףˡľԱ˵
Ŀڲ֪֮Ե΢࣬ǶľԼҲûв
ȻѾǳմãҲԽĿɰˡ
ԣľȻĵ˵ͷ󰲾ţеĿץýģźóԵȫ
ҪһԳԲͣŮӣѣ
ľԹȴЦģǰȻһӲˣλѡĵȻãʤУұ߾Ƕľɡ
һΪľɵĹϵ֮жǶľã뿴һô˵ǶԴԼҲˣʲôչֳԼһ档
ڴأ
磬ҪǸľץһȳԵϲԶո֮ǰһ
ΪľԵʣеѡĶǹͷٵģȻȥѾ˹ͷ㣬ֻǶЩ˵ʵȱ˿ڸС
գգ۾Щ
ֻ˫סľ·֣ڸղŻһȿ˺ܾá
ţǶľҲüͷ
ľȻ
Զ㣡ȵֳԼ·
ŰɫüͷǸոձľץסĲ֣һ㡱ı¶ǰ
ҲСˣ·ϴ˵
·ʮְֻڶľʵǲֵһᡣ
Ҫľϴ·ġ
ᡣľ˱ͣʮί
㡣ľɿһۣջԼĿ⡣
Աߵʤˣε˵˺ˣҲǹģ
˵
뵽ľųմʹ࣬ôҲܺһѧϰҪ˵Ŀ
ԣľɿʤУԼϴ
һɿڡ
裬ϴҲڶľ˵
ʤвŰο˶ľ䣬Ӧ


ʮϴ·

ľϴ·飬Ƕľȫ̵ֽġ
һûĵͻȻӣʵЩ˽ܲˡ
ǰˣľգգ۾üģʮֺÿ
ϴôˡľЦŹľżľ˵֮ίͰ͵ӣЦ
Լľ˵Ķľ֡
ϽӦһװɵĿʼϴ·
ϴ·Ȼᣬʱ¶ˣøԼûбҪ鷳ǣ
ģľվ˶ľߡ
˵Ŀ뿴СϣŮϡ
ܰˡľ˵
Ҫ֪ľմЩһ֮ڶද֢ҲЩ漰סɵӡ
ڹɵϴ·ǰ˭˶þȵĵɴ۾
šľɵͷ΢΢۾Ŷľ
Ķ죬˵䲻ģǺҵϴ̲סҪȥæĶ
ϴ·ϴɾľ߶ţϵҲԽԽ󣬸û·ļֵΡ
ݳƷΪľһװ֪մϴ棬֪һı顣
ľɲ׵ķŹſվŵˡ
浱Ƕ԰ϻˣӦǿһֻСӵģ
ۿԽԽ࣬ľ
΢΢Ҩ˵ϣҪмȥ
Ҫ俴ϴݣѡ
ţľҪҲûκΰ취
ȻŶľ˵ܹ黹ûйȥá
óһ˵ʱʱ죬ľץᣬһѽеݣŶľٵؿ˹ȥ
⣡Լؿʪһĵطľָһʱ֮侹Ȼ˵һ仰
ľһ
⻹û뵽СѾͷƬӾȻֶ磡
ǲҲϴ·ˣץסľ֣Ҫ뿪òС
ҪҪиͣ˵žҪܿ
ľٿǸ˲ٶ磬ҲǻһҪˣ
ǿʼ滹С
ǰҲû˵꣬ͱľٸס͡
̧ͷɫȻĶľɣܵЦЦЦأ
ȥϴ·ɣϴˣɿľ֣գգ۾Űɿ
ڲ˵ǰ۸ľ飬ϾĵλڶľԽԽˣ
˵飬ε̾˿
΢


ʮ׼

ԴҽԺȥԺ󣬶ľڶľҵҲǹԽԽ˳˳ˮ
Ȼ֮㿪ʼҪĿ꣬Īˡ
ǼĪǶһҪú˽˲С
İľſڴϣԱڵǰˣգգ۾
ǹģڶľɵķ˱ͦӣЩޡ
ȥ棬ȥľü
ŮڷѾһˣһֱڰ̾š
磬ڼ̫ˡľϽӴץס֡
磬ҳȥɣ
ҺæľɳԼ֣ѾͷԴӳ֮ԽĲ
ҲãҲá
磬㶼æʲôأľƺЩԸ
⡣
⼸Ѿ˳׼˵֪֪˰սʤҪģȥľɵĹ˾˽˽Ī
ԣľüԱ߶ŵĶľأ
簡˵ҪȥƯ㣬ͲˡſϣָһһµĻȦȦ
⼸Ѿͷֺ޸ķ񣬴ԭ۷۵ķ˼Լǳɫ񣬲һʱ򣬾ǶľɽȥˣҲûϳ
ȴķ񣬻дŵĸı䣬һɰȵë·з硣
ǿŸ˳ˣһ㻹ǲ
񣬶ľʲ죬֪Ǻá
ľв֪ѾΪһá
´αȥ˵
ԣľĵ˵ͷĵŲɵ顣
ջԼС˼ץסľɵĸ첲
磬Ҫȥ㹫˾ɣҲ֪Ĺ˾òÿʵ̫ˣ˱͡
ԣľüͷ
ľҪȥĹ˾һ벻顣
̽ĿĿ⣬ŷСѾͷ˵ġ
ľɵĶ˶٣ջԼĿ⣬֮ͣȥʱĵ˵ǲġ
˵
ԣľǰһĵͷӦ
ͲأŲȥ
ţϻҪװɵľתתصúúӦʲôʱԼȫָˡ
ЦţüģǺÿ


ʮ¶ľɵĹ˾

ľɻǴӦ˶ľҪһ·϶ľڳ󿴿ҿǼĲС
ϸܹ˫ʮֵȻɫ
ĪҪˡ
ʫٴλԲǰĵ
ջԼʶľԱߵĸ硣
ˡͳӶߴţԼ˳
ľȻţһ·ںƨƨߵĸڶľɵԭͳĺÿò˵ע
ֻҪľ˵һĴ磬Ǹմ˫ÿ۾Īϲ
ϰ徹Ȼ˸Ůˣ
ĻͦɰӦͦĻģȻôϰϲ
ҿһǰһģϵҲûôð
Ա˵ۡ
ǿŶľĿʮָӣĽʲôУľһҲںҪľЧ
ʱ˶֪ǶľɵãҪʵײ
磬Щ˺˵ʲôҮţϿ첽˹ȥСĳ˳½ǣġ
ԣľüͷ΢ܲŷֹˡ
Щ˵۷Ƿǲںײǿ۹ӵˣҪģֻⳡƴһѪ·ˡ
ԬľüԱ߸ŵ
ܲáԬ˵ͷ
Ӷľɹ֮Ԭ͸ȻʼҲ֪ľǸʲôݣղǾ䡰硱Ѿ˵һС
˵˵ҹ˾ԱĹءϣľջԼĿ⣬ʼնûľ˵һ仰֮е˼Ѿʮԡ
˾ľҪ
ŬϽˣͬģõĹһԼŬΪȵġ
ԣԬӦ
ľŶľ˵ݣգգ۾
ۿŵֻʣˣ˱ͣЦе§ס˶ľɵĸ첲ã
̧۾ģʮֺÿ
ԣľɵͷһۣԭüͷҪѾͷֻ֣ǿʱͻȻ۾ͣû˵
ڹ˾һ㡣˵Ŷľĵ˵ͷ
һѾ˹˾Ķ㡣
ľüĿ΢Ųӳ˳ȥ
ǰĪûвμӣ죬ҲвٵҪ


ʮ´˵еĶľɵ

ԹԵĸŶľɵİ칫ңǶľҲЩȡ
벻ľɵİ칫ҾȻôģ
Ȼ㲻ϺܴҲǼԼһŴӰ칫Ա߻ڷһСӣһɳϢʱȿȣϢǲѡ
Ҫ㲻ҪܡתͷɳϵĶľľ˵꣬ѵϵװףϡ
һļľǿһۣԼĪʮӣʵЩˡ
ʿˮ΢͡
ǰֻöľ˸߸ϣĽĲУţʵףԼŬĳɹ
뵽Īĵͳһʱ֮侹Ȼ˵һ仰
ȷŬģͱΪʫһ¶ϯʦеļѿܵĳҲˡ
ֻôû뵽ǣھЩ飬ҧ֮ûмģıѣǵݺ
뵽ЩľеĺԽԣȭͷһŻ
΢΢̧ͷüͷˣľ΢΢Сĳߡ
ȥʲôʱ˶ľöľĶһӶԭء
һתͷö˶ľɵĿ⣬̫ˣҪȥҪϣͣίͰ͵˵
ԣľȻĵ˵ͷջԼĿ⡣
ڶľΪԼԳȥʱ˵ٴδͱˣԬҵ棬ҪҪʲôǸ˵
˵ϣָָԱߵλöľɳϡ
ȻвԸľֻܵͷɵ»ȥ
ŵһιһӽԼĿĸ¶ˣȻǻʮ鷳
ţһƨɳϡ
̧ͷŶľɣĿûзһ£Աߵĵ绰˼֮󣬵ŶĻشûһԬæţ˽
ܲãʲô£ɻǿԱߵĶľʱ
ǲ̫ϰܲһŮ˵飬Ů˳Ǻÿֲ
ڵ֪Ƕľɵ֮˼Ҳ
Զȶæ¡ľ˵ţ̧ͷվǸɲԬջԼĿ⣬濴ǰļ


ʮĪ

󣬶ľֻ˵˵ԼԵԬȥȡ
ɳ£ֻɳϣεĿͷ컨塣
ΪʲôԼȥأȥʲôʱܹ˽⵽Լĳˣ
һΪǰԼίٱǧĻȥ
Ȳˣһֱڶľһνĵ׳棬ǲǲһֱܷŬʫӦ顣
ϣͣĪĲˬ
ֻǱʱĶľѾȫĵͶ˹˾С
磬磬ҡһ䣬ԭΪľûȴûз仰ʱָ΢΢˶١
̧ͷɳ䲻֪ʲôĶľװʲôҲûԹԵĿеļ
ԼҪɲǱ˰ġ
ʱ칫ͻȻ˽ŲǸ߸ЬٶЩ죬һ˶ľע
֪ΪΣüͷ΢΢ʲôø
ʱǸ߸ЬѾſڣ֮
ԣļ̌ͷĿȴǷſڣǶľϡ
˵һ䣬ջԼĿ⡣
ſڵžҪ
ֻۿʱĪгһ
˶ľ
뵽֮ǰľ飬Ī⺦Լʲô
ô㣬ζⲻΪʲôľɻԼõ˾
ҪΪľҲ᲻ķᡣ
ڣǵõʱľڿһ㣬˫д˱
Ī̬ȣľһʱ֮Щ񣬲ɣ
գգ۾ûʲô⣬㣬ôˣ
ƺû뵽̬ȣĪ۾һ֮һ
㡭ô£üͷûĿŶľѾû˷ŵĿֻţֱͦ˱ľ
״ľ˱ͣɳԺܵľɵߣ磬ң
˵ţҪǿ۲ѡ
ԣľɿһۣĿĪϡ
ҵá
һ仰е˼Ѿʮԣã˭۸ġ


ʮĪĳں

ȻĪҲɵӣȻе˼գգ۾ЩΣǵͷӦ
һŶľʱĪĲˬ
Ҫ֪ϻ۸Լ񣬾ȻΪӡ
ֻǣľɶѾ˵ˣȻҲûз˼ֻ°ڳЦݣ˵ǲ˼ǸղͻȻˣһ뵽ǰ飬ûӦ
˵˵ͷ˶ľɵĶ档
ľ磬ҹʲô飿ŶľɣüͷĪϲ
컹μһʱľ𣿡գգ۾ͻȻ뵽ʲô
֮ǰľΪԼε뿪оѾˣζҪȥ
Ҫ֪Īÿóֵʱʮֵ⣬ƷѼģִӢķ֮˱ĹĻĻĽϲûлƣԽ
ʱľɿĵһۣ;Ҫƣǻؽ죬ΪĪ׼˲ٵĻ
֪Ƕľɣ۾ˣֻҪĶһܹˣܹΪԼá
Īܵ⡣
ԣľеıʶ˶٣̧ͷĪʱһȥ
ҽΪЩ顣ľɳ˵Īɫ档
ʲô£ԣĪɻ
գգ۾ȴҲ֪Ϊ顣
ܹöľɼ֧ԼȻġ
㳤ںƷҶˣôľɿĪ
һڿĵһϲˣŻкôࡣ
ǣĪⷽ˽棬ȴܲһ֮ö
û뵽ľ˵ĻҪɴ۾ϲ
ľ磬˵𣿡գգ۾
ܹľɵĹ˾гںǶõ飬Ѿö롣
Ȼڸ涼ԵĹ˾ȴûһй㡣
ĸ򣬶ǰĹ˾бµˣĪβԸ⣿
ҵȻԸⰡܹͶľҵңϽЦݣԭʮֺÿӡ


ʮ¶ľеɻ

á
õĪĴ𰸣ľɵͷӦ
ͷļһ֮ǿԼҪĶ
һɫļľɷĪǰ
㿴˵
ԱߵĶľ˵ĶԻȻһֶ˵
ƷҪһǷͬáľɳ˵
⻰һĪϵĶ˶١
̧ͷŶľɣϲûʲô飬ʲô
ԭҪԼǩȥĪͻȻ˶١
˲֪ΪʲôǶľġ
ҧҧһ˿ҪȥҴ顣
Ҫںͬƣôܣ
ҲƵģǣ˭Ҳܹ֤Լÿһƣܹȱ
Ȼԥˡ
ôˣľʲôҲףɻѯʡ
ԣĪϽ̧ͷҡգգ۾ε˵ľ磬Ҳ֪ʦƳĶҪоģ˵ʵҲܱ֤ҵÿһƷһ
ЦЦ
ҵһܲɡ
ľջԼĿ⣬ղԸԼ̵ĺóԵģԹԵĳ
գգ۾Ȼ֪ľΪҪˣ˺ˣҲǴġ
ټЩˣûе򵥡
ȻĻľֱӣ˵Ʒھڶ࣬ʱ㣬
ָһûһµô棬ǵȻޱȡ
ֱֱĿĪӣ΢Щ֪Щʲô
ֻĪ˵ʵѡ
΢΢ͷĵԼˣǻٶʱ䣬Ҳ
ǣھܾˣڱԼˡ
УС
ʫѾˣҪƷҲȫȻܵ顣
һ֮ҧҧ̧ͷãû⡣
Լ֪ӦǺãǼȻ˵˻ȡ
ĪҪ뷽跨ĵõһŸƷ
ʫǸŮϲ鱦ƣеƷͼһ٣ϣ
ţٵںͬǩԼ֡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôǶľжҲµĪûʲô⣬һвӲŰˡ
ջԼĿ⣬ľ棬ӣƬʮҫۡ


ʮ´Ļ

ͬľ֮ĪҲһ
ſ۾ʱ˶Ī飬е飬ǲû򵥡
ڣǿԻȥ𣿡գգ۾̽ԵĿ۶ľɡ
ˣԱһֱ˵šľ硱ҲûаԼһˡ
ˡͬݿ֮дԼ֡
ʵеĪ˵ǾкôģֻƷܲ⣬һ¡
Īͷ˹ȥ
֪ΪΣͻȻ뵽ʫ£Լᱻ˷֡
㣬ôߵô죿ĪҪŵʱԱ߰ŵĶľͻȻ˵
Īգգ۾ĪЦ⣬˿ž;ȫ
ô
΢΢㶣û¡
ЦЦᡣ
ֻԼ֪ŮӸĸоʵЩˣ˵Ůӣһͬˣ˫۾ڿԼ
ϲĸо
ˡĪ˿˿ƫƫҪӳȥһʱľľ磬ľ硣
ľɲûзС
ĪԺҪҶľ硣Ƕľɵ
ĪЩҧҧʮַߺޡ
ǸνöľǸʲô
ŮˣθܲԼĵ⣿
ҧҧ
˾棬ԴĪ֮󣬹˾˭֪ϲľɡ
ĳɹʿ˭ϲ
ҲΪˣʫƷһһεıľɿеʱо뷨
ҵţ
ڰ칫Ķľſ΢΢벻ĪǰҲܲԼĴڡ
磬ոǸôϲңԱ߻˫ȣеûš
ԣľɲջԼĿ⡣
ϻذŵˣϲ㡣ӡ
ԣľ˱ͣ˳˶ľɵϣ𽥱ڵɫ
§סľɵĲӣ磬ҿǸ㣬ԸǩֵġԴڶľɵļ˲䣬ͬһֻɵСӡ
Ǹ׵ģŻģͬ
Ůϵġ
ЩĶľҲףӦĪʼڴӦԥᣬһ
ԾôԾ


ʮ͵ܳȥ

ȻΪ֮һ֮󣬻ľǶľɵĺ̬ȡ
ȻǱԭɳ棬Դʼգľɶֻ̬ԽԽá
գգ۾Ŀļɫأľ뵽Ī
Ҫ֪ģĪôľɸոǩԼĺͬ顣
ȻҪһ㹻ͻƿҲ˵
ţľоԽĸȤ̽ԵĿˣ˼ڹ棬ûжʱʲô
˼ˣ
磡ͣһ䡣
ԣļ̌ͷŶľЩɻ󣬡ôˣ
ͳĿ⻹һԶҡ
ϲҿԳȥ𣿡գգ۾̽ԵĿŶľɡ
룬ϲܲڲԼȥɣ
˵ˣԬһˣȻӲУҲǸˣ⡭ܲڻţɺͳ
ڶľ˵˼Ҳ˽Ĳ࣬һգգ۾ҪȻԬȥɣ
аûһĻ
Ȼ仰Ķľüͷ˵У
û
һŮӣеĲһľɿЩ
ôǲһ
״ľɿŶľŮôڶŮбȻܹ˵
ȥҪʤкú˵˵飬úýѾͷ
ɶľ֪ľɵ˼
Ҫϲ㲻ҳȥ籧ȥ־Ҫ
ɶľɵıȴΪ⼸仰ø
Ԭ㣬Լȥ治ԶҪܶˡջԼĿ⣬ľ˵
˰֣Ҳ֪ľﵽЩʲô
ԣľϽ˵ͷҴææľܣ̫żˣѾû취ˣŻˡ
ۿŮߣľɲջԼĿ⣬½˼ǰļ档
ò˵ǸѾͷȥ֮󣬰칫滹ǰ˲٣ͲӦðǸѾͷ
ãҲûʲôôˡ
ʱĶľ߸˵ĳߣԬ֮󣬿첽˹ȥԬİ칫档
һ¥㣬칫ҲֻжľԬˡ


ʮһʮ мƻϲ

Ȼһ¥ҲеΪ˷㣬ǰŮÿһ¥УҲǸĵİˡ
Ԭ磡ԬɫĹľֳ˳·
ԣԬתͷͿ˶ľаӡ
ѾͷԬӡǲֹɵŮӣ˭ӦͦϲĲŶԡ
Ԭôʲô𣿡
˵ǰĶľͲСϵ¶Ǹ˵ģֻֻ׻ǸСŮʼӦԬҲԼãСӳ谮
Ҫϲ˵ԬָңԼȥľɫ棬ַڱ˵
̬ȳϿңҲûʲôԵĵط
ԣԬҲ֪ľΪʲô˵Ȼĵ˵ͷָŲԶһ˵ǱߣȻ߹һ£͵ˡ
˵ţԼ֣㲻׵ıߡ
ϣƺ뵽˶ľӣüͷ˼һ˵Ȼ˾ͻɲҪܰ
˵ţľԴԼһ㣬ĶԴ
Ȼڶľ˼ĶʵЩ˵ζ
ϻЦЦڴӦ
ϣлıĳŲǱ߹ȥ
Ȼ֪Īİ칫ҴһҲ֪ˡ
Ÿո뿪һӦûа취ĳȥ˾
Уľаյġ
ۿԬԼˣľһܿ˿뻹ϸ⵽ʱ˷˲ǡ
ںʲôģԼµɣһ£Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ţҲ˴㡣
˲֮󣬶ľ̲סпһ䣬ȷǺ߶˵ġ
λò࣬ѡ˸û˵ĽȥĺܣʼҲû
ںЩһŹϻáһʵЩεĲ֪˵ʲôá
ֻǣϲΪ˳ˡ
ֻվţŵȻӦ÷顣
ɾʱͻȻöľüͷ
ҺҪŮ˵
ϸͻȻӦƺĪƺЩżԵֵˣҲס


ʮ͵

֪Īڲʱ򣬶ľ־ֿġ
ȵĵȻ˸ɣ뵽Żöᣬڱ˷ˡ
ĵԵ֣İ
ŮƺڸڵĲ棬ƺЩͷˡ
ţľüͷʼһ֮ĺģڴ绰һ޿ɺǡ
ֲǲ֪ڹ˾æûʱȥѡĪ˵ͻȻת䣬Щί
ֵʱ򣬶ľͱ˱䣬һʱ֮侹ȻЩվȡ
û뵽Īں绰ԣû뵽뵽ˣȴŰˡ
˻ϵģüĿ΢뵽̲סĿЦ
ˣԼ̸꣡ȻΪһͻȻĪһ£Ȼӡ
㹻ɱˡ
Ǳߵ̬ƺ΢һЩĪ˵ǵʱȥ㣬úõ˵˵飿
ҺòŪոǩ˺ܾͬʧˣĪ
ЩĶľȭͷ
ɫ޲óȥץסĪúõʸס
ΪʲôΪʲôһҪƫֶ˺ˣ
ˣڻ¶˵ĪԽԽᣬ֮лһ˿Ц⡣
֮Ц˵꣬˸߲ҵߡ
߸ЬڵϵڰĲʮľʹı۾
Īŵ̬ȣӴʱᣬϧǼٵġ
֪ȥ˶ãľĴӲΪһ¥ҪǶľɵİ칫ңԴӸոյڣûһ˹
ոճײһ˻
ľȵ̧ͷͿɫȻˣվԼǰ磿
΢΢۾Ͻһ
һΪ㶪ˡľüͷץסֳŰ칫ҹȥ
ԭڰ칫湤ģֻǺһûпǸѾͷϵǣ⵽Ů濴
ͲŮְԱȥˣСѾͷŲŲæĳ
ľɣľıϱ˱䣬Щ̿֡
գգ۾˱ͣԼĶӣۣۣܣóԣ
˵ܵʱ򣬹ǰһǼٻ


ʮµһα

˵ţŶľЦЦ۾еģǺÿĺܡ
˵˵Ĳرɶľɻ׵ģӦǳԱĳԶ˲Ż
ԣɫ˱䣬Щ
ǲȥԵģüֻľһ㲻ʡģ˭ôܹôĲҵĶ
Ŷľĵ˵ͷŶľ칫ҵķȥ
粻Ҫ˵ˣأһһӣľɳΪǸúõˣ
ӽССѾͷһ֮󣬰˵һ仰
Ѿͷǲף飬ʱͻ֪ˣ˭ã
ֻ뵽ѾˣľҲ֪ΪʲôĪĲ
ڲףԺͻˣϣľջԼĿ⣬͵ʲôҲûзһ첽Ű칫˹ȥ
ص칫ҵĶľ治ܹƽ
ĪƺʮżҪȻҲںԼϼ档
ȥֵַĳһٷ֮һԹԵĻصԼķ䣬һ취Īƶߵ˳˳ˮ
ѾĻƳĶΪʲôҪϣ
˼ˣ˼Խĳ
ôһҪѵĪ
󣬶ľͻȻ뵽ʲôӴϱ
üͷƺ뵽ʲô
ҾȻ˵ţľٵ˿ǽǱߵĴͷǰŴɫĴͷƺڻʲô
иıʱҲԱ߿ŵģǵԼҪסķ䣬Լûй۲ʱһ
ûУ⡣
ľС룬ͿвٵǮǶľԼġ
ʲôѹǮֺģľȻȴͬСһѾͷõ
ĿȻ࣬ʤģһֱΪʮֵ˼š
ЩڶľһֱûԼסǴԼķ档
Ǯľǰһ
Ȼ֪в٣ţЩȡ
һ֮
ȻЩģԼ棬ҲܹаҲ˵
óһǮ棬Եòֵһᡣ
ջԼĿ⣬ϣɫƺѾԼĴ㡣
ϾҪжˡ


ʮαװ

ڶһľڶľɵİ칫ҲûʲôԾĵط
ֻҪ͵͵ȥˣҪ군ˡ
뵽ЩѾ˴㡣
Ĵ˸
⶯öľɵĶ΢΢˶٣̧ͷɳϵĶľüͷ΢΢ţǴһĹġ
Կó˶ľ֮һһദԼãԽԽˡ
˯ˣѯʣͳʮϲ
ľգգ۾ĵ˵ͷ
ѾɳϣΪԼѹ۾ɫĿĶľɡ
ƺ뵽ʲôľϽҡҡͷ˯Ҫ棬˯
˵ţϽҡҡͷǸӣƺڵԼСһ㡣
״ľɿһۣջԼĿ⡣
ò˵СѾͷԽԽԶˡ
ȥ֮󣬶ľһ߳Է۾ŽҪ˯ˡ
ô˰ʤüͷǵĿŶľ
ƽŮǻģôӣ
пʼĶľ⣬ʤ˿ǽġ
䣬գգ۾
ԣʤȻĵ˵ͷ
ֻлǵǣƽʱ˯磬Ӧó״Ŷԡ
㿴Ҫȥ˾棡ʲôˣ찢Ϣһ졣ʤü۶ľɣ֮Щֵ˼
ֻǶľεҡҡͷĸװ޲ðŮɱӣġ
ŶľȥĻܸʡȥһЩ鷳ţͷӦ
극֮ϴ˸裬ľȥ䣬ȥ˯ˡ
ŲЩңĲˣʤеȻܾܾҲ֪ŮǸʲô滹أ
Ƚ˷֮ԭԺĶľ۾˫ﶼ
װġ
Ҫƭʤʵر򵥣µĻ磡
Ӷľƺ¶ͷϵһЩټϾȥ棬ûл
⣬Ƕľˡ
һΣеˡ
лǾʮҵġ


ʮǵź

ľۿʱѾˡ
˽˹Īг̣ߵ֮ͿԻȥˣʱ򣬻Ǽʱ
ڣѾһʮˡ
Ѿ˴㣬СĳŴ߿˹ȥǶ¥ҪȥȻȫܵ顣
ǣԱ߻ĵطǿԷŽȥġ
ˣҧҧС˴ڣڴýųȥء
ĶԼ̫ˣֱˤȥǲзϵĻˤԴҲҪ군Ľࡣ
ò˱أľ΢΢ɣվ֮ҵԼ֮ǰµ·ߣȥ
һǰڶûΣյ飬Ҫǿеļᶨȫġ
ÿһСģҿĸ߶ȣֻһż
ԵƫƧԺӵľܽԲ˹ȥ
ȥԼĪʮӣľ˵ϣǵˡ
̾˲ͷϵĺ飬ϻ·ɱˡ
ܿһۣƽҲʱСͨԺӳ˹ȥٶȺܿ죬ƺǺ˷֡
֮󣬶ľܿ˿ڳ֮ǰһƻһУȥ㳡˻ױƷС͵͵ﻯһ趼һϵóױ
ԭƤֺֻƲ˵˵ٿû¡
ȥѡһ·̵ģԭʮ˾ͣһӱ˶ʮӡ
žԼľĵ˵ͷ
С㣬һϣҪȻһף԰ףԱߵķԱŶľ΢Щӡ
ԼҲû뵽Ů˷ģδ뵽ոս˼ôġ
ֻǿŮˣҲûǮĵİ䡣
ԣľ۷Աϵ·ȷܺÿ˵һ
ڵҪ
΢΢գգ۾鵭ȻǸһŮһᡣ
ˣллͣ΢΢˵ͷ֮һ·ĳ˳ȥ
ƾ˿Ŀ⵽ʲôӣľֻ֪ǶľɣʤйҲκε⡣
ţľҪˣĪǵſˣ


ʮҵ

ոճȥװ겻ãľóʤи䱸ֻ
Լûס
ΪûнӴȦĶոսӴⲻϤ
ι𣿡ľͳأƽǸ
绰Щɻ󣬡ǣ
æ³֮лľŸ߸Ь첽ߣ˵˼ִַ֮ȥţѸ١
Ҳڵȣ᲻
ڹҶϵ绰֮һţ״
ûʱˣȻҲ
˵طһҿȵ꣬Ů˴ʵʵֻ¶һ˫صӣܣջԼĿ⡣
ûһֻԶ֪˳˽
ƺˣüͷܿһֱۣľʱǰһ첽˹
Ҫ˵㴩ʲô·Ҷ㣡ЦڶľĶ档
ǰѾһȣð
ţƺ⣬ͷһڡ
˵ɣ
Ҫ鲻࣬ĵƬȫҾͿԡľ˵һ䡣
ԣȻĵ˵ͷֻǿƺЩԥ֪Щʲô
ָһûһµô棬ո˵ǧǣǸĪǺܻ𰡣
֮ѾʮԣĪ˵϶ֻ۸
⵹ڶľ֮С
ǧԭͲµĸ߼ۣóб£ȻҲǸˣһӾͱ¶Լĵƣܹõ治ǣ
Ȼľüͷ˵˽г۸ǧļ۸ɲͣҽҲǲԣˣҸ㷭
ţ⣬
ҲǸˣȻ׵ĴӦ
ǡ
û˵ľʹĻʨӴ󿪿ڣҴұ
˵ţϵİʹ뿪
ϲͲʶô˵ô࣬ҵΪڹжȴֻ
Ȼ̬ͻȻ˱䣬⻰û˵أ⣬˭ֻҪ㵽ʱˣô죿
ԣľȻӿڴٷǰ֧ģȫ㡣
̫˻ˣõİ취ˡ
˵ͷֽϵǮŽԼĿڴЦò֪࿪ġ
οʵʵڵĴ׬һʣɵӲŻᣡ


ʮ¶С

ŮҪ뿪ˣԵЩż滹װɫȻģ
ģһ⣡ĵ˵
ԼĹǺŵģҪȻҲᵽĵز
ǰŮĵ˵ͷҲġ
̽ԵĿ۶ľƺҪ˵˭
úܣĪŮʲôݣô
˼ˣо͵ܹ֪ľݣʱһνġԹˣ֪ǾͲֻǧˡ
׬Ǯһ˫񣬻
ͷöľͻȻ̧ͷ̽Ŀ⡣
ֻŵʱ䣬ջԼĿ⣬ʱ䲻ˣóˣҰҵĵ绰㣬š
˵ƺǶڷСѾȻ
ԣֻôӦ
ľĵ绰֮ǽĿ˶ľϡ
һһ⣬֪ܲʡ
ʡľ
ΪʲôҪĪҿ˵ˣŮгɾͣ϶㲻Ϊʰɣ
ѯʣϿڻɣʵΪ˴̼ľ̲ס˵
ֻϧľΪ
ػһܹ͸ȻҲ˼
ĿöľѾ˼
ϽջԼĿ⣬ż˵⡭ɱᰡҾʣϾǸҺģֻ֪ͼܹôȥģǣ
Ҫ֪ЩƬʵвûзҲа취ȥġ
ԣľţҵݣҵĿģ㶼Ҫֻһ㣬Ҫ֪ģʵ⣬Ѿ˺ϵ
ʲô뷨촽΢Խ˵Խýš
ôģʱԼͻ׵ģҵĿģѡ
ϣվ˵˾䡰óˡͳ˳ȥ
ղźȵĿȣѾǮˣһΣĪӦô⣡
Ŀᶨ
Ѿܹõʱ򿴵ԼƬĪʲôʫһССıˣڴ
һ⻹ġ


ʮٴμ

ûãǱ߾ͷϢ˵Ѿ˵ط
ٶȺܿ죬óǾְҵ
ֻ˰ļңһ꣬ô֪ܲ
һϤĵ·˼ҲԽĳ
ӡеĵ·ѾûϤͣء
Ǻܾûˡ
Լļ䵽棬ѾϳˣӿȽƾɣ֮⣬һô
߾ߵķܹͬǷӶ˵
м伸ֻһǽ֮ҲΪˣߵĴա
ûˣΪ
ڷĲС
ˣʱ洫Щ
Ҫ˵ݣʵһС˾ܲãֻϧ˾㲻ϾټͼʼΪʫһƢҪȻҲסֵط
ľվվڴԱߣû¶ԼԴ
ţ·е³˵㡣
Դ̽ȥͿĪ˾ȥſڣ˽ȥ
Цݲá
ɡ˽ȥĪûʲô֡
ţĪɫЩӲǻǹɵ˽ȥ
ɳϣĪգգ۾С˹ȥԱߡ
æҪȻ϶ˡЩ
˵Ҫ֢ҩ֪ϲЩϲŮӣڳ
ҪǲţǸҪҰԡĪҧҧⲻֻûκεİ취Ҫİֻ˳ӡ
ȻЩ΢΢תͷԱЦĪпʼ˵ǲġ
һУľĺ䡣
˾ˣ˾Լ׬ǮҪѹ˾Ū
û뵽ˣ˼ȡ˵ϲɿɰŮӣ
ҲԣֻȣŮǿ˵λһһߡ
˵ദʽǸЦ
Ȼֻ֪ڵģһᣬڴʱ


ʮ

ۿ˼ƽ˼һ֮ſ֣ĪԼС
ãһ㣬ϾҲˣĻȷǶ࣬ҲҪˣôõģôڵĳɾ͵ģ
ֱ˵֮ѾʮԣǸദŮʫģ
ʫˣƷĪģЩйϸģֻҪЩ˵Īͱضѡ
ҡ
ԣеĪɫ˺ڣû뵽˾Ȼв
ҧҧϻװһߵģؿڲ˲䣬Ȼ׵ģǲϲ㣬λӴ㣡
̧ͷ˫ĳ顣
ҧҧ촽ʮί
֪㲻ףǻ׵Ĳ֪ϲҵġ
ģҪʫݵĻǾǡҼĿ⣬Цٻ⡱
˶ԼĻУõģ
ټĪŮ˵һ仰һ仰˸˵ġ
ǿһеĶľҲòϡ
ܹİץУֻЩ飬Ѿ׼˵ġ
ţľȭͷǰеǸԼȭͷ
ǰЩ۵ĺܣڣеĻ䶼ڶˣĵ¾ˡ
ڰеĶľգգ۾֪ΪξȻ
ǰڸԼɣ룬ǻĲһֻ
ۿĪЦ˫ӱа
ҿͰ۵ģҳǲζ
˵ţ˹ȥĪϡ
ƺǺܾûнӴŮˣټĪŮ˱Ǹ˵ǵɰҲǻģ
Ī΢΢üͷ촽ǰŰȴĲ
ϲЩģʱΪʫƷͲῴһۣ
Ůŵˣ˼ȡƨ㲻ϣ
۾ֻԼ۲Ĳ
ȻĪûԼĿġ
ƺǾĪĻӦ˸ĪʾҲԼ
ʵûа취Īֻ
۾ű۾


ʮһһжĿ

һ֮ɿĪ
еĪЩ˼֮ίĿǰ
ˡգգ۾
ذѶõˣģ˾Ǹƨ
뵽֮ǰΪԼһ𣬻˯˺üţ˶ġ
ǸСЦ˵ţ飬Щ˵˼С
ǰƺҪĪЩʲô̫ûˣ
ĪŮ֮ƺЩ족Ů˾ûȤ
Ҫ˵ÿĻҪ˵ǰŮʫ
ֻǸŮˣȤôԸ˯
ˣ̸˻ӣǸ˶̲סˣ
뵽Щ;źò˵ʫطҲĹȥ
δ뵽ĪƺǲԸɳϵԸӴ
״ɫһ䣬ûĿĪʲô˼ˣ
üɡ
ΪõƸ֮Īϵǲǣżǻظ
֮ҲȥҹĪŮľ˼ҲһͷֿҲѹỳɡ
˵Īɫһ䡣
ĪңĪʲôݣ
ȻûжľĻ򣬿ĪұȶľҲҲǺԶǸС˾֮
ƾʲôˣһٶƢ
ҽ㣬ҲҪ˵ġĪ
ԣüͷЩͷ
һԼԱߵλãȻҪ˵˵
ûʲôµģĪҪԼӲģԽ֮ǰȫ˵ȥ
ԣҲӰ죬ǸӵӰĪ
Ůˣôϲʱˣ֪жҡ
ȻĪߣո¾ͱ뻳У˵ɡ
ĪɫЩӡ
˵Ը˵ʵҲ벻ʲôõġ
ҪбµĻҲڻӡ
һԼƽĪ󻺻˵Ҹľǩ˺ͬҪµƷʫӦûûиɣȥңûƷ
˵飬˲٣һֱʮӡ
ȻҲҵίԼ


ʮǰʵ

ԣȻĵ˵ͷ󲻻ĲĪ֮˵Ҳǲԣ
Ҽǵǰ߰Ļ˲ٵĶܹҵһƷҲˡ
ȷĪҲǸʦ鱦Ҳʮ˽ģܹõһŰƷֻҪһͨƲģ£ҲܹУʲôǣ
Ī۾ȤǹһϣϣҲиݵġ
ʫǰ鱦ƵϲʵʤģֻǺܶĳ˼·סʱˣЩҲпԭġ
Ҿ뷨ԽϾҪȥĪЩ˵
Ϊ㶫æͷҲ顣
ЦЦҪ׵ȥ˯һҾʹȥ
΢аҲڿЦ
ԣĪ۾ŵĿ
вңšüһӾȻ˵һ仰
ҿû˼Ȼ˵ҪһҪӦûӦҰɣ̽ԵĿĪ
̬ѾʮԣĪӦĻͲȥ
һеĶľɫѾ˵û뵽ȻѾȥʫҲµһ㶫ΪҪЮˣ
ѲΪʫһֵ
̧ͷĪֻܴӦҪ
طûʲôסҲ»ᱻ˿ɳϾ
һ֮ĪĻС
ʲôʱȥѽ׼ӦһûʱˡüĿ΢зߺޡ
Ǳץס˰ѱҪȻˣƨҲǡ
ϸһ֮˸˵㻰ȻӦҪȥͿ϶ȥ
ϣӴĪҲ
ʫļȻĪҲȥûԿףС
ȷķȥ˵Ļܶ鶼鷳
ΪʲôֻίȫĹҵԵʡ
ãĻش𣬶Ӵ
ȫۣΪ޳ܵˣ
һΣ϶Ҫ˦ԶԶģѾ㣬ضüޣץˡ


ʮƬ

ۿĪ·ͳȥղźĳûп
ûľתͷ⿴ʲôԼȶĵĶ档
šһص֮󣬶ľ˵ƣõķ䣬ձϨ˵Ƶﻹ֮
΢΢̾һҲ֪Ϊ˭̾ϢջԼĿ⣬ŷߡ
ʫﲻԶҪȥĻ·Ϳԡ
һжġ
һ·϶ľ֪Լʲôֻ֪Լ˼أƺкܶණûзй
뵽ĪˣһԸһԸ
ʱֻˡһжŵˡ
΢΢ڰֻ֮ͻȻһӴ̵۾
һ֮ſݡ
Ƭ㿴ġ
дŶŵݡ
»Ļܹݣģ¼ŸղĪ˻ӺĹ̡
ȻĵĺãǶѡĺܺãܹһжӵļרҵ
ͼƬֻ֮ɾţᱻ룬ڱ˷־ˡ
ջԼĿ⣬첽Լ˹ȥιȥǻصԭĵط
ļңػعʵصĸо̫أ
ǣǹˡһܹԼλãüͷĪ˿Լţ󻺻˽ȥ
ȿȿȿȡĪϼŲ΢΢ߵĿЩҷɵĻҳǺĿԵĲͣ
űӣܿ˿һ֮󣬲ǿ
ҳ࣬Լעһ㡣ͷһۣͬסԼıӣֳԱߵǽ΢΢̽̽һ֮İһ£ƿˡ
ʫķⶼǰģеҲ
ܣһ䲻ķ䣬ȴ֮⣬еĶһ䣬ƽʱʱʫرע⡣
ͻȻķ䣬һʱ֮䣬ЩӦüͷ
ǸطļңÿطΪϤġ
Ů˳һ΢΢ţһ仰Ҳ˵
ƷĶأط̫ˣ岻áĪܿ˿˵һ䡣
ϿڹʵϾҪ㿴ʫƷ
ʾǳڴҲϣõĶʧ


ʮ·ͼֽ

ԣ˵ͷʫ칫Ƶ˹ȥ
źܶİֽΪƸġ
ĽŲģߵԱߣеĳ룬ԼԼܹõҳӳɳ
ĪҲںˣ̽ͷȥȷƸ壡
ǰһ־ȥãвٵĸӣŶʮ־ϸ
һģʫƣǳľϸ棬ҲΪʲôܹΪϯʦԭˡ
Ȼеġ忴һ飬ЩΪһƷ׼ƷϸĿ˿Ƿڣ
Ȼֻһ룬̲סһ
ڣ֪еļֵ
Ҫ֪ЩƷֻΪͣеĶҪϲá
ȻǷڣסԼͣȻֻаߣеĻ̶ȣֲʧţĪٲϲʫҲóϣŮ˵츳ܸߣ
Īʮ־ȣҲչ˿
ȻǾƿͺܸ߶ˣҲĵ˵ͷ
ֻ֪ĪȵĻǸɶõˡ
벻ơԱ˵һ䣬һͻȻ뵽ʫŮˡ
ǰǿΪЩ˯
ʼҲ֪ʲôǿˡ
Īãתͷһ֮ĵ˵ͷ⵹ǡ
츳ôߵĻҲڡߣټ˵ȥˡ
˶е˼ȷʫֻһСС鱦ʦ鷳
˵ǹֿЦġ
һӣķΧð
ˣҵǾ͸Ͻ߰ɣطñ֪˹ˣʡǻĪü
ʫ飬Ī͵͵ѹȥģ·ֻºҵǡ
Ҳףʫ飬жΣȻϽͷ͵͵뿪
ںڰ֮վŵĽСӰ˹˵ƴҴҵ뿪Խĳ
ķڣ²İͼʱľϲ
Ƿǰľһŭڲ֪ΪΣ˼Ȼƽ
֪һΣὫĪԼõĶȫǧ򱶵Ҫ
Ӱ뿪ҧҧ


ʮļ

ԭӦ뿪Ķľû뿪һֱӰѾˣתͷԼļҡ
ѾһƬڣΧһƬڡ
һʱ֮䣬ͬȪˮһӿ
ǵǰرºڣҪһ𣬾ǻؼңҲԼ߲С
ʱᣬĵĴӦԱ߰οкö࣬൱ڱ˿еĺѡ
ҲΪʲôںʫᾡȫõԵʣһֱã˵ŮںݵԽԽôһ˼
ǹҡ
ʵҲңΪʲô㣿ľ򿪷ţĳߡ
ŵЦݣֻȫԿеѹ
˾ͱˣʼΪȻһֱĪԼǰ
ָԼϵÿһиոմֹϵĳ룬ޱ顣
ˡ
ͻȻһӦԼֻƬݣĪƬվŵĵطĵġ
ûпƣͬҲǵı˸ˣڹ¡˵ģΪжôڰЩͱûôˡ
תǮɾеĶΨһµģֻʣ˼Ƭˡ
ƿѾ˻ҳıӣľڴϣ۾
һ֮ûȥ𣿡
˿ʱ䣬Ѿʮˣڶľңʤһ˯ˡ
Իȥˡ
˳ľҲԶĲлȥĪǸбµˣףһһܹô
Σ
͹ˡ
ȵ˶ľңľüͷ΢ĳߡ
иģҪ԰ܹȥ
ԼƻõĲУɾ·԰ʱһͻȻġ˭öľһ
첽ǰ˹ȥӽС͵͵˹ȥ
Ķľɻ˹üͷ϶һðĿȡ
칫˾࣬Ҳûа취˭֪ȵʱ䣬Ȼô顣
ոѵû𣿡ͳ˼һ֮ҲûףֻǽĿ˶ľķſڡ
֪ΪΣȻһĪĸоҪȥ
û¶ټϷŵ飬²Լ˻þ˹ˣŻ˶ľôǺã
뵽Ŷľķ˹ȥ


ʮ

뵽ľʱ򣬾ԼҲûз֣Լ˼
ոս䣬ͿһŮӣģҲʮֵȳơ
ĽһƺҪľǲѡ
һûеõľĻӦüĿ΢ҲǷˡ
ڱĶľԼ̬ԼС˸ˡ
ԵǣľɵĿһ֮󣬾˻ûжͣ
ΣľǸ鷳¶ղӦʱ˸ץˣ֪Ӧô͡
űϵڰ֮еĶľͻȻ۾ľɡ
֣ջԼĿ⡣
ʱദľҲ˵ӡ
ϵȷʵһ춹ĵˡ
Ҳǲ
ֻҪӰ쵽жһоͶǺġ
Щ飬ûһľ˯˹ȥ
һ磬ʱѾ˾ŵ룬ľ뿪ˡ
䡫ľץ޵Ķ䣬˳
ʤɳϿӣ˵ʵöľ˵ĵĲˡ
˵ģƽﲻڼ׷磬ȥ棬ļֻ̫̫֣ʤпֵڣЩÿ˶ĲͬģҲֻķοԼˡ
ˣʤм̧ͷŶľЦʮֿġ
⼸ľڼһ˻أڼң˯ţҲýѡ
˵ţʤгΧ˿
裡裡˼ȥѷ˸Сһ£緹ɲܲԣ
ϣЦ˵
Сľǰͬˣɵʲô鶼ףѾܺˡ
Ӧһ֮Ҵææȥȷˣڶľɵĵʤеߡ
ҲżعĪ飬ǺúõĴһ
ҲǣʤжɲѾܾûкúúദദ
俴ʲôѽգգ۾ǵĿʤеļϡ
״̬ʤв֪ж⣬ЦЦʼԼݡ
֪ľѾͷȥֻҲֵڡ
ҲΪеģûһĵģŻҪһŮԼߣůá


ʮ¹·

ʤ˵˻֮ѾȺ˷˳
С԰ɣȻȻˡЦ˵
ԣ˸߲ҵʤиϽ˵ͷŶľ
ԶԶԣЩ緹Ҫԣɸ׼˲أ
ʤϵЦ⣬裬Ͻ˵ͷ
ò˵ǣҲһˣ۰
һֱԼ˵ĶľҲ̲סҪȥ
ţϽ˵ͷӦҲǸ߸˵ĳһٷʱ򣬶ľٻˡ
ԭʱûʲôֻǽɳϣĶľʤеʱ򣬶ľüͷ裿ڵ𣿡
ӦղŻʱ򶯾̫ˣǱˣ
գգ۾Ȼƽʱȥ涼ر飬˵Ŀ⿴ţȻĪ
ûлʱ򣬶ľͣ˵
ûǹģŶľһεӣжʹˡ
ûǣԼĶľľ۸飡ڵܺôҲУ
ӵ֮Ѿ˵ģҪΪ˱ĪǱߣǣľҲ׷Źѽ
󣬿ľϾȵɫϽ˳ʤе·䣬ϲؼң粻ԣҪһ
šһ˵˵ķǳרҵ
Ȼûһľٺʤеɫ
ԣʤüͷɫĶľ֣ԣ϶ܸǸѧϰڽȥҪúõ˵˵磬ԺӲ
˵ţʮᣬΪǰǶľ
նľļĻʤмû׹ľֱǰƽʱҪжᡣ
ĸף˭ϲ
ǶľΪʫʱԭǸ¶Сûмְĺӣ֪л̼ܵ˲ǣ
ԣľƺʲô͵͵۶ľ٣Ȼɫÿ
Ѿ뵽ԼȻʲôѵ顣
˵ͷЦ˵磬һҪúõĽ̽øѧϰ
۾ʮָˣϣǴյʤеߣ˿ա


ʮ¶类

˵ʱ߸˵ĳŷ˹ȥ
ԭҪľٱʤнѵӣʱкõ⡣
ȻѾܹ뵽˻Ǹʲô
ȵ˷ſſƺҪĶ
档
裬ͺˣڶôɣľšüҪȥϢ
й˾ģֻеûţ֪ܵĲ࣬׬ҲȶľǲԶˣҲ㲻١
ԭǶľٵ룬ˣҲ㡣
ֻû뵽ǣһʮϼˣȻҪΪҹһϣͱѵһ٣
¶ҪԼ֪ˣöඪ
ټĹԭ򣬵ıʤ˵Ҳ顣
˵ʤΰ˲Ҫ׷ŹβУ٣ø˵˵
ʤüͷЩࡣ
飬ҪԴģһУΪľ
Լӣһʮġ
ľٻֻĵ̾һԹԵ߹ȥ
ʤеĶ֮裬Ҫ˵ʲô
ţʤ˵Ҳ֪𽥻ָ̾͸СӳһʲôףͿʲôѧʲô
˵ţʤеһЩЦݣʱ뵽֮ǰҽԺõϢԼôõĺӻٹһӾܹع治֪ж༤
ĸоһ㡣
Ҫ쿴ӣĲ϶ҪѧģҲŸ˵Щ𣿡ʤпĵ˵
ȻΪľ
ʵʱľپʹ뵽ˣľӡ
ʵ֪ʤرںԼŮҲпԭģֻû뵽Լ裬һҲƫЩİ
裬Ȼ㶼˵ˣˡľЩΡ
Ϊ˶ľãǷǰζԸӦġ
ûʲô뷨ΪãǱȽϲˡ
Ȼõ˶ľٵ̬֮ʤĵ˵ͷץסľٵ֣ʾ
٣֪ġ˵ţһ仰˵úãСһȻٸһ桱


ʮ¶Ҫ

ݵĶľЦ
Ҫ˵ʤжƺıȶԶľɣľ˺̫ˡ
һ˵ʵӦϲģǶӣҲ׵Ϊʲôˡ
Ҫ뿪ڴϢʱͻȻ
裬ҾͲˣôôƫأľٿɳϣ˵
Щζˡ
Ӳ輸һѣ档ԭΪģû뵽һҧȥ᲻֭š
˻һ𣬿һĪʹࡣ
ʤЦ
ȻĲ٣˼ǿŵģԴʼգͼܹúõĽ
ټӶˣҲ˲١
ǲأ٩
ľ˵һָ֮ľɫĿʤУ裬ɱҪ⣡
ʤҲȻ֪Ҿ͸ɡ
֮Ϊǣ
֮ʤв˵ԼΪʲôԴľ顣
Ҫ֪ϹҲǶľɺͶľ˳ڹ⹤ģȻ˸黹ǲʤҲȥһŮڼȻ᲻ˡ
ȥ¶Ժ˸ӻӲԼߡ䡱ĽţҪ˵ģǾǼٵġ
˵֮󣬶ľٵıҲ΢
ĵ˵ͷʤУģǰǲæҪָˣܹ㣬ͦõġ
Щľ˼ĪЩ
ѹʤϲҲǺõĲˣڿԭлеĹϵ档
ڴϣȻĶľҲʮԼӵһϵҲһõļͥ档
üĿ΢ڴϢʱͻȻſ˶
͵̧ͷ˼˭ͣ̽Եһ䣬˭ѽ
лڻɵʱͻȻ˵ңŴ򿪣
Ƕľ٣
ԣľɫһףавãľ٣ոձѵھܹԼ˲ɣ
üĿ΢֪͵ûװ˯ˣ
ˣ


ʮ¸Ҫǳȥ

һˣľ˵ĻԵЩΪ֮ӡ
ţջԼĿ⣬εĴӴվ߹ȥš
ոտţ۵ľǶľվſڣЦеģûʲôġ
磿ôˣգգ۾̽ԵĿ۶ľ٣ƺЩ裬ĶľٻԼ
û˼
Ͽ浥ĶľʵԶľʮ־衣
磬ɲʲô򵥵Ľɫ
ǰ۸֪˻ͦġ
ڼңȥôľЦţʾĿ۶ľ
⻰ڶľУȴ㲻ʲôرõ顣
ѲǾڼﲻ㱨ԼԼȥˣ
ţϽҡҡͷҪ
ԣľüͷĿŶľҺò׻һΣҪȥ棬ôͬأ
ĿŶľ
Ҫ۸ҡľæһ΢Щֻš
˵Ҫ˵ľ˻Ե±Թ뷨Ųŵġ
ֻֿĿ⣬־ôһ飬ЩƲˡ
⼸仰ľپ˶ľĵʲôǾʤ˵Щѵһ֮۸
뵽Щľ￪ʼһôֻ룬ŷֺôһ°
֮ǰ۸ľĴҲôƵ
ջԼĿ⣬ľһԼƽ㻹ˣҺö˶˵ĸҪ۸أ˵ǲǣ
˵ţľԴ쵥ҪȥҪǲԸĻҡҾһ㿴أ
ü
ò˵ʤ˵ҲˣҪöľĳЩǱزٵġ
ڶļ̌ͷĿŶľ٣΢΢ͷ˼һ֮ʤڵĻͺ˵ˡ
˸һҪľʵģҲ˵ǣ
ţ̧ͷװģЩɣȻҪõĻҲͿĵĽܰɣ
˵ţĵЦҴææ˳ȥɳϵʤ˵䣡Ҫǳȥˣ


ʮһϲű

Ȼ֮ľôȥˡ
ֻʤ治ԴʼնľʵʵöľЩ
Ҫܣľܿ˿ͻȻԶԶľʤеתͷȥʱŷرż
ԱߵĶľ٣Ҳεҡҡͷ
裬ҲǸôˣܳʲô¶ľٷȷĳʤжڶľ˼
Ǻ޲ðԼŮԼ˲źá
ʲôʤп˶ľһۣԹĶľһһ㶵ġ
ľֻߵʤеߣ䣡ܾûгˣ
Це˵ʤаοʱĳͻȻ˱䣬ɻĳܿ˿
գգ۾һ֮󣬲ԼԴ
ôˣľԱ߿
ѾͷԴӴҽԺ֮飬ܰһСӿˡ
Ƕľһᡣ
ҪȻȥߣϲʲôűޣ򼸸ȥ档ľգգ۾뵽ŮӶӦϲЩ
Ҫ֪ǰĶľźҪǲѶľϲı޸ȻҲǺĴˡ
ԭΪľ߸˵ĴӦȻ§Լĸ첲˵лл磬á
ֻüͷϽҡҡͷ
űޣ
ľпʼɶľٵԹ浽ʲô뵽Լʮ֮󣬻űޣô·붼Щֻŵ
вУϽҡҡͷ
Ҫűޣͣ§סʤеĸ첲䰡ôûѽҪһһȥ棡
˵۶ľ١
ǹҪľɹֻ뵽ϵҲ֪׿˶١
¶ľɿԼʱ˵ദȻεĲУõİ취˶ʱ취̽
˼ˣиӿ϶Լе뷨
ԣʤЩȵĿŶľƺʲôЦ˵ǲǱȽϲѽ
ϲŶľɵӣоʹˡ
ȻľЦĵ˵ͷ֮˼һתͷԱ΢Ķľ٣㿴ģԼôˣ
˵ľپڼңӦööľϲа취Ŷԡ


ʮʤе

ȷʤ˵Ļ֮󣬶ľҲֻεҡҡͷ
¶Ҫ˵ûа취
ǰĶľ۸ڶľ˵ľϲԼվһ
ãϲľɣҲ֪Įʲôõġ
ڶľɣܵܵĲἵʣʮľɵҵ
ǲܹ¶ģŬ
껪ҲҪץʱˣ
û취裬ֲǲ֪ϲˣ֪ж١ƲƲ͡
ԣʤҲЦЦ뵽Թһ䣬ǰ㿴磬ʮˣôŮϲҲûһؼҵģ
Ҳ밡
˸Ůǵöְֻʱ򣬹Ʋ֪ʲôʱܹˡ
ԼĶӣһô˽Ӵ˵ĲģżȻܹ۶ľɵʱ˵˲ϲŮˡ
ôܣ
أϲ棬Ҳס
䡫ԼˣľίͰ͵ֽһ䡣
ԣʤиϽӦһԴԣæԺæˣһòã
ҪҪϽҡͷĿ˶ľٵϡ
Ľһš
ľ˵ɫÿ֪ΪΣÿһαľ֮󣬾;ʲôԼ
Ȼʱ򣬶ľִֵ˵öдҪһһ棡
ĿᶨĿʤУҲ׶ľپǲԼģҲʤеġ
ȻʤдȰ˵ʱ򣬶ľסҪ˵Ļúúãˡ
Σ֪ΪʲôܾöľǿָԼģû֤ݣҲһ²ˡ
ЩҲˣʵҪ˵ʤҲԸġ
ϾӣܹһôǶľɺͶľСʱˡ
ӶôˣĪĸп
ͷʮּĶľ̾һ֮˵Ժ㳤ˣ費ˣҲҪϵúõġ
ҪѣҲҪҸüĵ飬Ͼľָ֪ʲô顣
ɶľƺе飬˱ͣһֱߵģ
ԼᶨȻĻ


ʮƭ˶ľ

ʱĶľ٣εĵԱߣͨ˶ľɵĵ绰
ʲô£ֻͷľɵöľһӾͽ
ʵСе㺦¶ľɣΪСʱ򾭳۸Ϊһֱöľһĸ磬Ż뷨
磬岻˵ҪżĿˡľֱͦ˱Լ״̬ҪĵϣװżӣϽ˵
ԣ绰ͷ΢΢ͣһֻ˱ھͻȥƽʱӦûʲôɣ
в²⡣
ȷʤе⣬ǱȽ˽⣬ÿһȫ飬ҲŹȥ˽ġ
ԣľٷε˵ҲұǳģͻȻͱˣˣһȥչˣɣ
ϣľٸϽҶ˵绰˵˶ˣͱԼĸ͸һУĻʵЩ̫á
󣬿ԼѾ˵ֻĻ̲סһͷȥľʤеʱҲ֪˵ʲôƺЩѹˡ
ˣȻͻˣ
˵
л̲סΪղ뵽İ취ԺĲУľһ𳤴󣬶˵ԸЩ˽ġ
ֱӸǶľҪ棬һܾΪûʱ˵ôĻֱӹҶĵ绰򵥡
ԣľǰһϽĵ˵ͷ̫
˵ţǰȥ˿ʤУܵľٵߣҲһڡ
ʤ˵ȻǸ˵ĲУǱʱĶľ٣ȴЩ΢΢סŮ촽һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪Ǻá
ƽʱҲŮ˻ûһĸоǶľġ
СѾͷ˵ĸо֡
˺ˣԱߵŴߣ
ոչ绰ͽ˵ĵַ˶ľɡ
Ļһ
Ȼû֮Ա߳ŶľЦЦͻȻ̧ͷͿԶԶһ˹
һװոպʣʮӢƺҲԼһ˲䣬öľϽջԼĿ⡣
Ƕľɹˣ
ǸˣĿ⣬Щˣ
ľҲ֪ôˣ


ʮĸ˾һ

ˣľ˿һۣʤеȻǸ˵ģǶľ٣ȻҲǸˣϢʱɫͻȻ˱䡣
Ȼ仯ԣǶľĿˡ
ѹֶľɻӣѲǶľٸ˵ʲôԵĶ
Ȼʱ򣬶ľѾ˸ǰ
ľ٣Һúýͽ顣ľüͷͳĿվʤĶľ١
ڸղţϻһҪĹΪľٵһ绰ŰеĶˣ˹
ʲô鶼ûеʱЩΡ
ԣľЩĳһڿԼ磬Щ¡
磬ҲܹҰ˵Ҫһ˳ȥ棬Ҳͬ˵ģϽ˵Ҫ˵ʤеĻľɻʮӵġ
ԣֻ뷽跨Լʼ
ӣľգգ۾˫ӣ֪Щʲô
ҪģϽ˵
ƺҲҪ̫ΪѶľ٣ʱ򵽺ͱ鷳ŰŶľ˵һ仰ҪǷƽʱĻԲܳ
ľԴǵ˵ţľҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬶ľ˵æûʱ䣡ж磡
һЩ鷴˶ľɵĲ
ľҵĿ۶ľСѾͷ˳۶ˣ
ڶľɣľһ˵ûзĵزѾˣȻ˵ûʱǣǽá
ãҪȥĶ棿ǡ档
벻ľ⼸仰˵رá
ʵľЩʱһֱŶľɿţǺ·ʲô쳣
˲ûκεĲԾǿʱҲǲġ
ţľҲ˲١
Ͼĵľʱ򱻷ˣǾֻܿĪңˡ
ȥԶӶˣָԱߵıܵ꣬˷ܵ˵
ɶľڿʱ̲סüͷ
Уǰӣڲܳԣľɫ࣬Ҳֱӻؾ˶ľ
ȥ㶫裬ʲôҪģǹȥľͣ˵⻰Ҳûʲô顣


ʮ·ͳɹ

ĸ˺ܶ࣬һ·Ҳ˲ٶǶľڸ
Ҳ⣬ԼļҲĴ󷽡
صѾһƬڣ˷֮ĸڿ˵˻˿ӣȻľɻڴϵĶҪһ㡣
Ȼصʱ򣬶ľ˿ʱ䣬Ѿŵˡ
ջԼĿ⣬ѾûκεЦݣ˳Ĭ䵭
ĪҪʼˡʮָӡ
ԣȵҲûԭҲҪʱڼܼͥҸ
ʱ䣬Ѿ˵ġ
ڴϣóԼֻ֮ǰõƬһĵ
ͳɹ
дЦѹ
ڵڶ죬վõһʼƬĪˡ
֪ѣڵĪڳǵǰ֪˽ʵѡ
һֱ֮䣬ۺ䶯
ĪǸС˾ܲõʲôϵ֪𣿡
ҿЩƬʲô
ҿǸǰϯʦķ䰡˹ȥΪʲôǹ˼ģ
һӣǵصĴ棬ĪƬܡҡͷȵ㡣
ÿοȥĵһǡĳĳĳϯʦҹԼǰϯѣȥǰϯıʲô
һľʱ򣬾Ҳȵˡ
۵ǿ󣬿ôҲû뵽Ȼǿ
һϣʮСʱûйȥЩͨȵȣʤ
ĪңɫţֻŮɫԽԽѿ
˭һֻĳŵ˹ȥ
ֻϬһֻĻ顣
ɫ˯ƬѵݷܹȥһΣȥʫôͣ
벻Ȼ˸ˣ
˼òУĶ
ֻǺһ֮ƽĪŵϵֻЩͨΪĲ¼ԽԽ档
УԴȥȻֻԽԽ⡣
ϵֻѾòˣӳȡһµֻӴȡֻĵ绰ֻ
ɫֻһ롣


ʮִ

Īĵ绰
ͷƺǸոѹԺ˵˸ι
˵̬ȣĪͲһ
һû˵㿴ڶʲôˣҿ㻹˯ţңΪʲôǵƬȥˣ
ԭЩһ䣬ͻȻ۾ɴ󣬴Ӵ˵ʲô
鱻Ƭôܳ飿
а˼Ҳû׵ôһ£˵Բܳģ
ƺҲܵ˵绰ͷǸ˵ľȣĪһǺ޲÷ۣ绰ͷʲô
Ҹ˵ʱһֱСģҲûʲôˣأԼúÿǲΪ˱㡣
Ҹ˵˵Ҷ֪ôͣԼô˵ҵģ㲻úøҵҾ͸ͬھ
˵ţĪŹҶ˵绰
òУ˰ҲûԼʲôˣҪ˵ԹľʫˣǸŮѾˡ
˵ˣ֮ǰҲ˽ģʫŮԸȽȣƽȴԼ̸֮⣬ûʲôѡ
ƽʱڼҲԼƷĶ޷԰ΣǷʳӦʱѾ˵ڶˡ
ҲΪʲôĪܹĵĽЩ鶼鹦ڡԭˡ
鶼ãȭͷڻûӦôȥ⡣
뵽۷ӣһŮˣټΪոεϯʦķ棬ûף
뵽
ʱšཡĵ绰ɫҲһĺʧ
һ㵹˵ĹȥǾǹĪ飬˵׼йϵġ
ΪĪ̬治ʹ죬ǲɷϣĪܹǺ黹ǻ飬رŬŻӡ
һ֮üͷջԼĿ⡣
ˣ˵˵ȥ˵׼пԭ
ȥһ£˵ġ
ĪѾʰ˶ȥˡ
Īûˣ˵ʲôȥڻûл˾һֱĪӷڹܣôĪҺͶľҲһľæ
ֻĪӷҲ˺ܾãƻû


ʮ취ȥ

ĪԭŸϽȥܱܷͷֻ˰æܹ֮Դоˡ
ûˣĪӷɾ൱ļҳ飬ԲĪӷ֪Ǿò
ǣû뵽ǣŸոմţȵĸϽš
ĪС㣡ĪС㣡һһţҰ
ˣҪ˲ɣ
ҪԼԴû뵽
벻ѾôļߣƶҪõţΪԼĹ˾ס
Īɫѿ˽°˺ü䣬ֻܻȥԼķ䡣
˰æ
ʶ֮ĪͨԼƽһˣѵֻš
ԭΪЩ˻æû뵽Ǿܽӣ˵ȻΪ
ޣһȺҪģƽʱͳԷʲôʱ䣬ʲôûʱˣĪֻˤڴϣԽķŭ
ϻ˵ĺðڹؼʱܹ̾Щ˵Щʲô
ãʲô취
ֻͻȻ뵽ʲôĶЩٶ
ôˣжľɰ
֮ǩͬ˵ģ֪һöľɰæĻӦҲǲܵʱ
ţҴææȥ˼ıķ
С㣬⡭˿ɶˣ
֪ĪͷҪǲ֪Ļķǰµġ
ڵͷ۵޲ھͳȥЩ˺úõĽѵһٲźã
ջԼĿ⣬ķֻõͷϵ·Ī
ڼԸ񣬱ķƺѾϰһ
·֮ĪԼϿһӱһʹĸŮģ
߳ʱķЩȡ
С㣡ȵĿԼСӣȻ֪ΪʲôôˣĪӣ֪鲢ûô򵥡
͵͵ĳźŹȥŵ˲٣ϱһСǱķģֱͦ˱˳ȥ
ıЩ࣬Ҫ˵滹رġ
ȶԼָ̬֮󣬻ĳ˹ȥ
ȻոտţĪĳ־Щ˵עǲǰţҲ֪ıķ׳ʲôӡ


ʮûܳȥ

ĪС𣿡Ա˼ѯʡ
֮󣬾һһĸͣԽţĪԽĲ
ǱϻҪװµģҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
˿Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻЩߵ
ҾðҲǸ׬ˣĪŮˣ˯ſ϶
ҵڶʲôã˼ʫѰɣ
Ǽ˵˵ŻЦ˳Ѿ˺ܾˣ벻Īûеȵȵķ˵
ҲԭҪֱ뿪ĪͻȻŭ
üͷתŸղ˵ļˣĿ
ʲô˼˵ţʮֲͷ
Щ˻ķղǼҲײǹϡ
ʲôʸ˵ҿҲûһģһȺû˵
һαװȫ¶ˣ㲻֪ĪķӺһ
Ǽ΢΢񣬶ȵĿĪ
ǣĪ
Ⱥ˾ȵ˵һ֮󣬸ļĪавãɫһڸϽתص˷
Ҫٶȿ죬ƾͱץˣ
ԹԼôô£ȻܵĹؼʱ̣ûס
ıķĪЩȣС㣬ôˣ
ԣĪûĵһۣãΪ
һҲ룬첽Լķȥˡ
ʱĶľɰ칫ңľӽ쿪ʼָ˾ſԱ߳ᣬһϲһֱϲԡ
Ķľɿŵϵϣüͷ΢΢ţһ֮棬̧ͷԬȥ鵽ôһ£ҪеģʫĪ
ľ˵
Ҫ˵飬Щ
ټ϶ʫŮˣƷľҲʮϤ
ֵ˵ɻҲҪеôġ
ԣԬͷӦ뿪֮󣬶ľɿϵݲ֪ʲô
棬ע棬ȻҲûпľҪ顰ʫǸ˹ϵʱ򣬳ĶͻȻ˶١
ܹأ


ʮѰİ

Ī챻߶ڼͳȥƿͿ˺ѹѹһȺԼԼ̫ˡ
һֱȥͲǰ취ϵԽԽѿĪͲһ
ʱ򣬸ߵͷ
ҿϵһˣͼǵ׷ʲô飿ΪʲôҪǼҵſڵ㣬ǧҪ˵ûʲô顣
ĪԼԼһ仰ҲǺˣѵԼĸ綼⾿ô˵϶ѾϳˣͲŸûһ
˵ԼйϵǴȥˣֻһٵ
Īҧ˭ֶӺ
ȭͷ
Ϊһ֪ҪľһһĺԼûʲôϵԼп˵
һ仰ЦһƵ˵:ʵô飬ҶһĿģھҰɣ֮便ʲôϵ
Ī˸һ仰Ҳ̫ԾˣһζԼ˵Ļ
еļ߶һ仰Լ֪Ӧôشˡ
Ȼ˵ԼҲе鶼ȥǼȻûа취Լڸ磬ǲͰеĻ˵ˡ
磬ڴڼʵ̫ˣҶˣЩʲôʱܷŹѽȻ˵һԴ̫˰ɡ
ĪӷԼõһ仰Цû뵽þȻкµʱ
ȷʵΪ֮֮ǰȷʵ֪һ飬Ը⣬ԼҲûʲô˵ˡ
˵ˣе鶼Ѿ䶨ˣԼкܶԹԣҲûʲô취ˡ
ĪĪӷһֱû˵֪һ˼ʲô⣬һҪ͸úõ˵һ
ֻҪԼһλˣǲܷʲô綼ԸԼȥġ
Լĸ磬磬̫ˣһҳȥѵĿԼñһȺ˱ƷЩڼֱ̫ˣҵĴֱӴһǲǽҪҳȥǲŷѽһҪҴѽ


ڰʮǳȥ

ĪӷԼõһ仰̾ϢһȻ˵Ҳ֪һζõĳͷѾˣҲ֪⾿ô£ȻǶѾ֪һˣûҪóһ±ȽϺá
˵Ī:ɵѾͷһͳȥͼǺúõ˵һһ飬һ᲻ģأ˵ˣһҲǺйϵģȥ˵һ£Ҳûʲôõĵط԰ɣ
ĪԺʱҡҡͷҪԼȥĻһᱻǸΧµģԼûа취Ȼ˵ԼҵܶĽһȥҪǱΧһɾͿɴСˡ
Ž:ЩǽǰΧˣҴȥɣһúõģܵģʹӦҺ𣿡
ĪӷɿôԼεĴӦˣȻöˣԼҲûʲô˵ˡ
ԼãԼڴȥȽϺá
ȵ¥ʱЩǷĪ٣׷ȥ
׷ﻹߺ:ĪһҪǺúõ̸һ£ʲôĽ㶼Ӧúúõĺ̸һ£𣿡
Īӷ̾Ϣһһǵ˴ЩһͲǺǵģֱ˳Ͳסʲôˡ
Ī˸˳Ҳ˳֪Ըĳһǿ԰Щ˸˦ġ
Ī˳̾ϢһҪǸĻԼһЩߵģЩߺ˵˵ı£Լһûа취ѵ˵ġ
һ㶼лԼĸ磬һȻ˵ƽʱԼֵģǹؼʱ̻һЩµġ
˵ˣҪǽôΰĻԼĻ¥ϵġ
Īӷɿһ·õķǰĪ͵ľȻ˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôô룬ĪҲûеطȥ͵ľúõļһӡ
·Ͽķɿ죬ĪһҲǺܾȵģûмԼĸ翪ô졣
Ҳ֪絽ҪԼȥֻ֪ҪԼԶһطǾ㹻ˡ
ЩǼֱ̫ˣһԼЩ⣬Ȼ˵ԼѾ뵽˵֪ôشˣô׷ţԼĲ֪ԼΪʲôҪشǡ
Լ˽£ôѯţԼͦܵġ
ȵĪָԼ˶ľ̫ˣȻ˵ԼûеطȥҲڰԼ͵ɡ


ڰʮһҵľ

磬ΪʲôҪ͵ѽѵҾûеطȥ˵ҲȥǸطѽڰ͵ʲô˼ѽ
ĪӷԼõһ仰ЦһȻ˵֪һԼȷʵôΰ󣬵ԼǶľˣԼҲö˵ʲô
˵ˣ÷һ飬˾ҪеһֵεģԼһҲûʲô
ڳĺĪ͵:ɵѾͷʵҲʲô飬㷢һ飬Ӧɹ˾еһεģ˵ڰ͵˾˵ˣǩĺͬµˣҪʲôĻһҪһʱ㱨ģҲûʲô˵أ
Īһ仰˵ͷҲΪԼģ˵ԼҲö˵ʲôˡ
Ī¥һ¥ݻԼһιأ˵һЩ£һ뵽Լһ˾ˣͻȻԼûôˣȥһܣô
ȵ˰칫ңŷ֣ľͶľڶľɵİ칫档
ܿҲں¥ȻǶһǶûлرܣƺһǷǳӦõġ
ĪˣȥŶûãףԼ飬˾һҪæġ
Ȼ˵ԵԼͷ˾ôأ
ܲãһҪæһ£Ȼ˵ڱΧţһ͹˾Ҳεģ˵ϣ˾԰һ£֪ܲܡ
Ī˵ĺһ鹫˾һҪæһȻ˵վԱߣʾǳΣҲûʲô취Ͼ˵Ҳȷġ
ľһ仰Цһû뵽һŮԼȻԼ˵
ΧĿе˶ĬĬĲ˵ƺڵȴŶľɵԡ
ľЦһֱӾܾĪ:һǹ˾ûκεĹϵҲûΰ㣬򵥵˵һ鶼һǵ鷳ǹ˾ûκιϵġ
Īһ仰ʱû뵽һ˲Լ˵ô񶾵Ļ
ľһԣĪЦһ:ŮһһεңǲǷҪԸѽ


ڰʮʶĪӷ

ľװ˳մȻ˵һëûеģǼȻһ취ԲˬΪʲôһأ
Īӷɿһ̾ϢһԼһô鷳ԼҪƨɡ
ûа취ѽԼãȻ˵ԼЩʱǺɸֵģǼȻҶ˵ˣԼҲֻøԼýΧˡ
ľһֱ˵ǷǳȥģԸһȥ𣿡
Ͷľҵ⼸Ƿǳѣ˵ľҲǷǳ˵ĻĪӷ֪Լһûа취飬ǿӣԼûʲôˡ
ľٿĪӷӣʱһҲûа취ȻԼѶ˵ˣԼҲӦðһѡ
ѽԸȥǴһȥ𣿡
ľ͵͵Ŀ˶ľһۣڵһ˵ȨûУ˵ˣڲԼһմˣһıǴȥˣԼҲûʲô˵ˡ
ȥѽǲҪҴȥѽ
˿Ůôȥ棬æ˵ͷʵҪĲǴŶľȥ棬ĪͶľ֮һ˵ĵطľҪĻһôҵעϡ
˵ˣڶҪһ˵ҪΧ̫ӵĻ˵ûа취˵
ľ˴ӾˣҪЩʲôûа취ֻ͵͵ĸľ˵ͷľʱʲô˼Ȼľɶ˵ˣԼҲûʲô˵ˡ
ȻǴҶԸҳȥ棬ҽͺúõǳȥһ°ɣڻҪúõȥֳ棬˵ֳкܶ͵ߣǰûģԸҹȥ𣿡
һ仰æ˵ͷôܻ᲻Ըأ
˵ˣֻҪľԸʹһȥǴҾԸһȥġ
ľһ˵ҪԼȥֳĵĲˣæԼ߸
Ȼ˵һĶǼװģ뿴һ⼸ҪԼȥ
Ȼ˵֪⼸ʵһֱԼȥĻԸ˴һЩ˵Ŀռ䣬ôԣѵͲԼ
е˶Լһմ˰ɣûаԼһ˿˰ɡ


ڰʮ

ֱӴŶľȥԶľһεЦЦȻ˵ﲢûкܿģҲǾľԼˣҲҪװ÷ǳĿġ
ҽ̫ˣһ̫ˣҳôûгԹôıأ̫ллˡľЦ⣬˵Żҧ˿ڱܡ
еӡ
˿Ī˵εЦЦʵǶ֪ľ˰ˣпָܻڶľԶı棬ҲǷǳѵõġ
ǿһȹݣľæǰ֪ȹһǿԽԼģԼǲٳǸˣҪԼٳȥĻһӵġ
ǿһȹݣڵȹһɣҽ̫ܵˣֻڿȹݵɳúõ˯һˡ
˵ЦţƺһѹûУͦεģһŮ˼ֱ̫ˣԼն˳ȥȻͶľ˵ŻԼ֪˵Щʲôֱ̫ˡ
˽˿ȵ棬ĪӷɾͿʼ˵˻ʵĶľʵͦɰġ
ŶľſȵӣĬĬ˵:ľ֪Ҿһ̫ɰˣǱ㾪޵ˣȻ˵ǰһЩᣬ̫ϲˣ֪ΪʲôܾһǳŮˡ
ԱߵĶľһ仰ֱЦһŮӣ̫˰:ǧҪһ˵Ļһ˶ģһҪСʶѽķ̫飬ǿĪһһ棬ǧҪĪѧϰѽ
Īӷһ仰ֻЦЦţȻ˵Ҳ֪ʵһԼĲԣ˵ԼãԼǰĺ
˵ˣҲǷǳģ챻ô˻Ķ˼ҪǽԼȥĻԼ֪
ǧҪ˵Ҿҵ̫ˣȻ˵飬ѲϵǽȥʱҷЩ߶¥Ҳͦܵġ
ԼΪ磬һҪΪԼ˵仰ȻĻԼһ˻ʲô˼أ


ڰʮ⣿

˵ԼãĪԵЩΡ
Ȼ˵ԼСһȱٹ̣ܽһǷ˴˵һԼҲúõĽѵһһŮġ
ľɳʲôû˵ĬĬĺſȣƺûĪӷ˵Щʲô
ʵ֪ͲԸĪӷȥһ飬ôĪӷΪĪĸ磬һһʱ令ԼõģԼ˵ЩʲôĻĪӷɶǲȥġ
˵ˣԼʲô鶼˳Ӧ뷨ȥԼûа취ĪһЩ顣
ϲϲǸ㣡գգ۾ִֵĿˡ
ǰ֮һĪĸ磬е뷨
Īӷɲ֪֪ԼõʲôһŬϽŮӣΪ˵
Ժأ׶Щʱ򣬻ܹ˵
ԭΪĪӷɻάԼãδ뵽ĪӷɿģεЦЦðȷǴСûн̺ãȻƽʱûôܹҲûʲô飡λȥһҪú˵˵У
ϣ룬ĵͷҿ϶
ǿðľЩȣļ
ĪŮ˲ϤֻʱӴѾͷʵǱ߻ˣǣܹóǼƣı¡
˿һۣεҡҡͷ
˵бľǶľҵöľģôÿƫƫӲʹ
ĪңĪѾͷ˵ʡҲǣʡҲǡ
ľԸ˵ջԼĿԹԵĺſȣЩ࣬С壬Ҳû˵һ䲻ϲ
ЩСȫĪӷɵԱ߷Ķľٻ˵ҪôһɰãǲŽвҪȻǻɣ
ȥİɣľһƿˡ
Ҫ˵ǰ˵ڴӦڣԾǱһɲã
һһģȻΪԼãʵǡһѾ
ľԺЦһþͶĪӷɵĿ⣬ϽջĿ⡣ʵͲԸĪӷйĽΪ˵ãĳˣĪ
ԺǶ棬ĪҶҲ顣


ڰʮԽ

Ǽ̸һϾȵĻҪĻúܶ࣬˵һѵ̸۵ĺõط
ܿ죬ҹĻͽˣǿһ滹ǾľȥˣҪǶľȥ˵Ļᵢ˯ʱġ
ľһϾͿʼװ˯ˣ֪һԼװ˯;˵һЩġ
˵ˣҪ˵ЩʲôǾҪװ˯
˯ˣһ̫ˣһΪʲô鶼סʵʲô¶Ȼ˵ûлָıͦġ
ľɿһ˯Ķľ˵ʵڻöľǷģҲֻжľ˯Ժ󣬴Ҳ˵һЩ֪Ļ
ľٿŶľ˯ŵЦһ£Ŷľɣ֪ľɽһԼģһҪе鶼úúõŪ˲ܾ
ĪһһҪѽ
һһôѽ
ľɿŶľ˯ŵףЦŻش˵:һѾ취ˣҾҹŽһ£Ȼҵİ칫Ҵ֣һ뵽ˣ֮һǻٰһֱǺһεƣǸˣµأΪһ鵢κġ
ľԺ˵ͷԺã˵ˣȻԵ칫һ٣ǾӦýᷢʲôˡ
ľװ˯̸ֵ۵ͺĪûʲôϵˣǸŮˣԩľɻæΪ˾ܵӰ졣
ľ֪һԼѾûʲô취ˣ̫ˣȻ˵ԼûʲôϵǿӣԼ֪ôѡˡ
°ԺľֱӰѶľķԹԵ˯֪ľ̫ˣ˵ڳ˯ҲǷǳпܵģ˿û뵽ľװ˯
ҹˣΧеСﶼ˯ˣҲǷǳʣľʱû˯ţȴ뿪Լķ䣬֪һ飬ԼһҪúõһӣܿĪô򵥵ľͰһ¸
˵ˣҪĪô򵥾ͰһĻǼֱ̫ԼΪˡ


ڰʮҪ˯

ľɻص˷Ժͼ򵥵ʰһ£̫ˣԼҲ̫ˣǹ˾飬õһЩѹԼ촭ˡ
Ȼ˵һѾйزȥˣԼﻹͦܵģϾڱӣе鶼Ѿ䶨ˣԼͲܽʲô
򵥵ʰһ£ȥˣÿһ˵飬ԼԳһСʱʱڴϿ顣
Ȼ˵ʱǷǳݵģԼȴڴϣĸоֱ̫ˡ
һʱ򣬶ľͻȻ˽
ʵ˴ϣŶľ˵:磬ҵķдǣķ˯𣿡
ľһ仰һԼƽʱǺܾģοأֱ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ѾˣҲᷢһ⣬þôˡ
˵ˣԼǰûʲô˵ˣû̫ˡ
ֱر𲻳ͳ:ķûʲôǣȥ˯ɣǧҪˣҪĻӦ֪˰ɡ
ľһ仰ҡҡͷƺľɲӦĻǲ뿪ˡ
װίӣԼ˵һλ:磬ҵķдǣ̫ˣҶˣҽһ˯Ҽǵ㲻ǻһ˯𣿡
ľһ仰̫ˣһǻ˵˵Լñûʲôϵ˵ǰ
ѵ˵:ھ͸һطȥ˯治ʲô޵ģҪҵķĻһģһˣһŮˣǲģҲһˣӦöһġ
ľһ仰ǴڴָףҪǶľɲӦԼĻԼͲһ
ľ̫ίˣʵҲʲô飬ΪʲôǲӦԼأֱ̫ɶˣھһˡ
磬ھһˣţһǳ򵥵飬ΪʲôǲܴӦأ
˵Ҫ̫ˣһǳ򵥵飬Լĸ綼ܴӦԼ˵ˣԼҲûʲôٶѽ
ΪʲôܴӦԼأԼ˯ڸԱ߰ˡ


ڰʮԶľΪ

ľ̾һû뵽ԼһþȻӣǰΪԼһǳģǰԼûа÷ദһֱǺܺõģڿԼ˼ˡ
þôˣôһҪ˯Լֱ̫ˡ
ľƤ˴ϣǲԸߣƺľɲӦĻͲ뿪һ
ľɵﻹһ飬æǰһ˹棬öľɼһ顣
ľεĿԼ鱻ߣֱ̫ˣһþȻԼͷ϶̫Լˣ
뵽ǰԼģ֮
ľջԼĿ⣬ۿŴϵŮˣڸһȥ˯ȥȻҰӳȥ
ľһ仰εĵ˵ͷҪԼӦĻԼûа취ȥ˾ˡ
Լ컹ȥ˾ء
ôܻ׵ķŵľأ
磬ڴһҵķҵķһޣûƭ㣬ҾǺǸޣԲŻģһȥ𣿡
ľһ仰ûа취ֱ֣ͻ˷䣬󻹰ѱŪ֮뿪˷䣬һжĮģϸȫףֻҪ˯ʲôá
ľߵԺЦʵûз֣һʱ䣬ԼѾͻȻʼһָоˣֱ̫ˡ
ÿһ춼ҪŶľһȥ˾Ȼ˵ľʲô鶼ˣֻܴǶľɾֻҪľǾ´ˡ
˵2ϣľֱľɴ˰칫棬ڰ칫ߡ
Ȼ˵һЩѾܶˣǶľһ㶼÷һвװġ
ľ̫ˣһȺһˣ̫ˡ
Щ̫ûˣԼİűأ
ȻҪ˵һҲϲűޣ
еʱҪһѵļ̫ˡ
ľһ۸磬ָ￴ļһ㶼ûаĿԼϡ
ʱ뵽һӣܳȥ棬һķӼֱ̫ˡ
磬һЩˣȥ¥һֻܺ𣿡


ڰʮҪʼ

ľ֪ԼĸһӦԼģ˵ԼԱѾˣȻ˵װģԼһֱѱܵԼĵ2
ļ̌ͷһۣεĵ˵ͷԼһѽԼ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ľ͵͵˳ȥе˶ļľﻹ̹ͦȻģЩ˶Ըļ̫ˣԼôܻе˶ܰĵļأ
ľﵽһƯԱߣ㳤ǷǳƯҹǳ棬ĶһЩˡ
һƯ㣬Ư˵:Ư㣬Ҹ˵һļҪǩ֣˵ھͰһļŶ
һŮ˶ľһ仰˵ͷľܵãô˵ҲǷǳеģ˵ԼҲܶ˵ʲôܵöļˣԼ˵ʲôأ
˵ˣܵõļǶԼһء
̫ˣܵͻȻԼļԼ˵һ޾Ĺ١
ľһĻЦȻ֪һȺôģҲ벻ʵԼˣǵġ
һСֱӰһļ˶ľ
ƺûпһһ鵽滹Ǽ١
Ҳһ£Ҫû˵ĻĻһΪʲôҪԼļأֱû
Ƕľľû
һʱԺ󣬶ľɵֱҵһƯСҪļ
һС̫ˣԼļˣôͻȻԼҪļأ̫˰ɡ
Ͱе鶼飬ԺҲǺܾȣû뵽СȻô飬Լȴʲô֪ҪǱ֪ܲ˵Ļһġ
һһ֪ܲҪ֪ܲĻһܲĵġ
п˵ûа취ϾܲõãԼҲûʲô취ȻѾļˣǽҲӦûļġ
һСҲп˵ΪܲԸԼ˵أڿԼһԸˡ
ľõļԺֱܳȥˣȥܱ˾ʲôӣڵֻ뿴һҪǱץסˣԼʲôĳͷ
ڵһ㶼£ŸһԼʲôġ


ڰʮ¹ܹ

ľ֪˶ľЩ£Ժ̫ˣһ̫ˣһȻֱ̫Լ˰ɡ
˵ˣԼﶼһЩҪļѽһĳ⣬ԼӦôء
֣ҪһøץץԺҪúõĽѵһ
Ϊʲôô󵨣Ȼ͵͵ܳȥҴӱļ͵ߣֱ̫ˡ
ľܿͱץ˻վﱻľɽѵһ:ﶼһЩҪļҪļû˵ĻĲ֪Ӧôˣ˵ǧҪˣҪĻһŹģ𣿡
գգ۾ͣʮί
ǹģȻľͰԼԼˣԼˣϻҪװֱ׳ģءĿ
磬ڲ棬ڻ˵ĻļûҲΪʲôҪأ̫ˡ
˵װľɿ̫ˣԼһԼ֪˵ʲôˡ
ڿҲֻжľٿ԰ŪˣȻҪԼͰѶľٺúõһɡ
ľڵ칫ãúõһɣڶҶ֪Ӧôѡˣʹһɡ
ľһ仰һУ˵ͷľҲûʲô취
֪ϢĪӷһ˵һ飬˹ƱĶԶľ˵:ľɣģڿ԰Ѷľȥúõˣһﷴʡģ֪ѾܷˣֻҪҰȥһܿĵģͷİɡ
ڷģҼ˿űȽϺá
ľһ仰Ժ˵ͷȻ˵ˣԼҲûʲô˵ˣ˵ˣһ̫ˣԼԼµЩԱѾӷˣԼͲٰˡ
ĪȻûʲô취ڶѾˣԼҲûʲô˵ˡ
˵ˣԼ̫ˣúõĳȥһأȻ˵棬ûڰ칫ôֻҪԼÿʲôԼġ


ھʮ¶ľ

˴Լ̫ˣȻ˵ЩʱԼͦĵģ⼸˴ԼԼ֪Ӧôˡ
ľɿˣҲ֪˵ܲչ˺öľ
ֻһٶĽ:һЩã˵ҪģҪ˾ֱӰǧҪ泤ʱ䣬ˣһúõĺϿεģھʹһȥɡ
ľһ仰̾Ϣһû뵽ԼĸȻǰô˵ԼȻ˵ԼҲ֪Ӧô̫ˡ
һ仰ҲЦû뵽ľɾȻ˵Ļ̫Цˡ
ľٶԶľɴƱ˵:ľͷĵİѶľǰɣ㱣֤ľһʲôģҪǶľµĻһŹԼģͷİɡ㿴̫ˡ
ľԱһ仰̾Ϣһû뵽һϾȻ˵ĻԼͦĵģĻԼͿ԰е鶼ˣ֮ǰһЩԼûа취ǵģ˵ôܻ׵İе鶼أ
ֻԼʲôֳֻܱܴĿﳪϷ
ʱҲ쵽ˣԼֹˣȻĻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʱء
ǾͲҪ˵ˣڻҪȥأ˵̫ˣǿһȥɡ
һ仰ЦǶǶľ̫żˣҲûиоκεĲԾ
ϾľʲôûлָҲ롣
˸ľ˲ٵߣаűޣһЩױõСߣľͦĵģȻ˵װģ̹ͦȻģܴԼ߹ôߵ꣬Լͦĵġ
ľɿŶľض飬̫ˣɫѾ仯ˡ
ĳľ˵:СѾͷû뵽ڹ˾Ȼ飬̫ˣ͸ҴڼﶼȥҵļǺҪģԺҪעãҪ׵ȥ
Χһڵϵľţʲô˵ˣڹԼ𣿹Լûкú𣿵һ仰˵Щʲôġ


ھʮһǰص

ʱһ̾͹ȥˣתۼĻҪʼˣľ⣬ȻƽʱעĲ࣬һҪֳȥ
ϣˣһ׺ɫװǼֵǵֱʲôûн׼ˡ
ľǰһ֪˸ҪȥϢľɳˣһҲȥʶһһε
˵һεһҪȥĻһʢʶ˲ǲʲô顣
Ǹӣ֪һȥһˣӣҰ޲ģҪȥĻܻҪҰ취
Լȥһʢѽջֱ̫ˡ
ʤｽŻЩһֱЩ˵˵Լ⼸ƽʱæûʱԼԼҲҵˡ
ľɿһۣʲôû˵ˣͲôϲ˵Ҳύȥġ
ĿԶˣľҪǴԼһȥǸöѽ
㲻ԼһȥԼҲа취ȥġ
ߵԼķ棬ԺܳȥҪľǵ棬ֻҪ˷ܳȥ
ʤлſŪЩأûעһС
ľԼķ䣬ֱӴӴΪǶ¥˵ҲرĸߣټźֲܶҲԼ١
ľֻҪߵȥһͲ֪ģڵ޴룬֪Ӧôˡ
ֻ֪һģһ棬ʵ̫ˣԼڶ֪Ӧôˡ
·һܸ߼Ľγ֪Ǯ˺һЩϲĶһʢ棬ʢῪʼʱϾŵ㣬˵֪
ǰһ㶼ûżߵԣһ³
΢΢ǣ´Ŷľĵʵ:Ů£
ľ̾ϢһôԼĸһأһڼ֪飬Ҳûа˵̬ȷϡ
ľЦЦε˵:˧磬˵һģ֪֪֪ص㡣
ľװΪѵӣ֪ԼӾһر˶԰Լص


ھʮˣ

Ȼ˵ͷһ۶ľװ磬ʲôûʣ˵:С㣬˵طһĲ֪˵ôһطȥһ⳵˾Ӧþ֪ˡ
ľ˵˵ͷֻҪԼҵطѵĵص㶼ûа취赲סԼ
˵ˣھ˶Ը⣬ôأԼֻҪĵģǾ㹻ˡ
æ˵л:˧磬лл㣬ллҡ
˵һ仰Ժ󣬶ľͼæ뿪ˣѾߵˣ뿪һСʱԼҪǸϲȥĻһΪ˵Цġ
Աһ⳵æǰһرżѯʵ:ʦ֪ȥĵ··ˣ֪ǣһ𣿡
ʦһ仰ҲҡҡͷһطԼûԼһôʱˣû˵һطأôܰء
ľԺ˵ͷ˰ɣԼҲһˡ
һ㶼ѽ
ʤлعͷʱ򣬷ŮѾˣ̫ˣŮܣ쵽ȥһԼ˵һֱ̫ˡ
¥ϣŮûߣǵŮķʱ򣬸ûпŮĻˡ
֪ڿֻӿҵŮˣ˵æӴ绰
绰ҲرżģϾŮҲʧˣԼ֪Ӧôˡ
ľɽӵֻʱֻʤڵ绰泳:ܳȥˣӿ취ľܵȥˡ
绰оȫˣԼڼ˶ܰŮסֱ̫
ҪкҩĻͳԺҩˣһû취ѽСڵȥѽ
˶żϾڶľܳȥˣһɴС
˵ˣһСѾͷ̫ˡ
ڼﶼֱܳȥֱ̫ѸǷˡ
ټڷģҪ淢ʲôĻǺġ
е˶ܵĶľϾһԾˣҲһôġ
ټѾͷӷ⣬˭ҲԸһܣ


ھʮѰҶľ

ľɹҵ绰ԺͺżһŮܵȥˣԼӼʱɳúõôͻȻܳˣ
ĪڶľɵԱߣԵĸоľɺһ֮һżʲôô䲻ľڱôˡ
ľɿһԼԵĪ˵:һЩ飬ˡ
ܿҪʼˣĪľôżҲͦĵģ֪ôһˣǾԲԼһȥԵģֻдȴĿʼ
ľ߳᳡ԺԳЦЦڸͲԼΪʲôڱôˣһôżȥѰһˣҪǷ֮ǰĻǾԲᷢԼϵġ
ľĿĵڻ᳡濪ųҲ֪ԼһҪЩʲôȻ˵ڲܰҵܾþ⸽
ĸоһֱǷǳģͺĺӦһ
ȻĿĵģ֪ʵһоԼѡ
һþȥû֪ǶľɾԼһ·ҵá
ľ·ϣ֪ԼһҪȥ̫ˡ
һ·˺üˣ⼸˶֪һطҪǶľĻйˡ
̧ͷ죬:үѽľڵѽҵѽ
һС·ϣһС·˶Եһ֪·ӣ·ϷһŰȹӵŮ
ûŮӾǶľĸŶľ뿴һһŮҪȥΪʲôһԵĴӼ˳
һ㶼żֻŪһŮҪʲô
ӼܳԺһԵľ͵һ·ϣһ·ģҪȻôܻһܹأ
ľܾڸԼ˵ʶĻͷû뵽ÿԼĳ
Ҳһ룬عͷͷʲôû˵֪ͿԼˡ
Ը縹ڵӿԼҲǲẰԼģ˵̫ˣһĺԼӦôأ
ľҲע⵽˶ľĿ⣬֪һŮѾ֪һУҲѾԼˡ


ھʮ¶ľ

ľɳԼľҲԼûʲôöˣϾڶڳҲһ¶ѽ
ľɰѳ·ߣֱץס˶ľİӣ۾һĶŶľ˵:ôܹ𣿡
һ仰öľ˰֪һˡ
ǰǾԲ˵ĻģҽԼ͵͵ģ˵㣬ûа취̧ͷѽ
ڸ̧ͷ翴һۣ֪磬ȻǳԼİΣͬץԼһǳģ˵ڵҳ翴
Ѿ󵽸ǳʲôˣҪ̧ͷ˱ץȥĻԼӦôأ
ľʲôû˵ץסİӣȻһŮܳԼͱҪһΪʲôܳˣ
Ȼ˵ץסİӺۣǶľ֪Լʲô˵ֻܴıץסȴʻ
һúõԼģԼֻдվ
ǵͳɤ˵:˵˵ɣΪʲôܳˣ
һķϻ٣ȴ԰еⶼһ̫ˡ
ھԲǿһ˵ʱѽľڤ˼ţ֪ԼһӦô졣
ľһ仰ֱӽַŵԼֻ۾ƴţ֪ߵľŮˣ˵һоԹá
˵ˣԼ磬Ҳûʲô˼
ľί˵:磬ҾǡҾǡ뿴㡣
ľһǺԺʲôû˵ƺͲһ¶
һԼĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
̫ԼĻˣԼܲ춼ɣ
Լһ̫ˣܲڰͻȥٻػֳɣ
ˣһ߰ɡ
ʵ̫ˣһԼ֪Ӧôˡ
֪Լ֪ͨһʤкͶľ٣Ǹһżѽ
ѾҵˣҪٵˡ
ô˵Ĺҵ˵绰̸ʲô
˻᳡ԺĪͿ˶ľȻ˵ľоǳĲˬҲûʲô취ȻľɶˣԼҲö˵ʲôˣϾǶľɵá
˵ˣôˣôأ


ھʮ͵͵ж

ۿеĻ쿪ʼˣľЦһԼĻһҲҪʼˡ
ͲһŮһλܵһξãһûб˵İԲӵóԼĵġ
̧ͷһԼĸ磬Ȼ˵һ˸磬ŸһΪһԼìܵġ
һ¶ľɵİӣ˵:磬Ҫȥϸ
ľԺһ壬ʲôû˵ƺûһǶľ֪ľʵˣԸشԼˡ
ĴӺˣǾԲﵽȥԼĶŵȫ˶һ¡
ߵ˺ĹңֱӰԼĴŴͼƬ˵棬ϸĹ۲ţһͼƬûϴˣԼԵһʱ䲹Ȼ
ȵͼƬȫϴԺ΢΢һЦĵ˵:̫ˣһҪһŮ˾Ҫô
Ȼϴ䲻ﻹͦĵġ
ЩͼƬ֮ǰľѹȥͼƬľɿúܳʱûл֣ȻǰôϲԼһһȥôʱ䣬̫˰ɡ
ߵ˲ҪһһξȥˣһԼﱻܵˣԼûа취ȥˡ
ľոմӷ˶ľɣ̫ˣҲû뵽ľɾȻԼ
Ƕľɿȴһ˵ûзֶľ
磬ôѽ
˵һ¶ľɵİӣľɿһۣľʲôû˵ܾöľʲôԼҲ˵ϾԼҲö˵ʲô
ǲѽľ֮ǰͰеĵͼһ飬ûпһ
ֻ뵭һ¶ľ:ôѽҼǵòһѽ
ľҲǺ֣һŮôô̫˰ɡ
ǰȻΪֹҲǷǳֵģҲӣ̫ˡ
ľԺҡҡͷû뵽ԼĸĲúŪԼһҪŪȥȻĻһԼġ
˵ˣԼһôһԵһʱ֪ʲôģԼûа취ѽһ鲻ܱ֪


ھʮĪӷ

֧֧Ļش:ʵҲһֻ㲻֪ˣھͲҪôˣھͻص᳡ϣӦÿʼ˰ɣ
ľֱӰѻƵ˻֪һǳˣҪһıץסѱĻһԼ߶ûа취ˡ
ľȻǳɻ󣬵ҲûмȥϾö˵ˣԼҲö˵ʲôˡ
˵ֺαƭԼأ˵ĴһֻԼ֪ˣ˵ʲô뷨ҪƭԼأ
˵ˣҲõһЩ˽ԼҪ˵Ļһõ˽Σġ
ֻпһ򣬵˵:ʼˣڻȥɡ
ʣµһֶû˵ϾҲ뱣õ˽
ľһ;̾һֱ̫ˣԼΪⲻһʢأ̫ˣôôأɽ˺ġ
ľɰѶľԺ󣬾ֱʲôû˵ϾڶľɶˣԼҲûʲô˵ˡ
ھܽʲô飬㶼ĶȥˣҵһҪ̨ԡ
ľԺ˵ͷƺʲôû壬ȴʲôˣȻ˵ˣԼҲûʲô˵ˡ
˵ˣ̨ÿһҵģһϰ壬ôܻԼأ
ľ̨ԣ̸һ̸ľɶԹһЩ̬ȣһӭ
ľһ仰һԼ·ֱ̨֪һԼҪú÷ԣΪһΣһеджԼûа취
ʱ򣬶ľĪӷɣҲû뵽Īӷɻμһֱ̫ˡ
ǰĪӷ˵仰ΪĪӷԼѣԼҲûʲô취
HiĪӷɣôѽ
жһСЦʵͦϲСġ
˵Ҳرϲһ˵ģúͶľ˵һѹûУȻ˵ľʲôˣǶľһŷǳģͦĵġ
ҲǷǳ˵:һ仰ӦŶ԰ɣôѽҼǵǰ첻˵رĻ𣿽ͻȻˣһвɸ˵Ŷ


ھʮ»ʼ

ܿ죬ľɾʹ̨ˣ̨ĶľеǣľɵĿȴһ˵ͣ
ŶľıӰıӰһһģƺΪĳЩЦţĶĪӷɣĪӷҲﵭЦţƺ˵оûһ
ľɿţ鲻ԽЩζҲ֪ԼôˣǿһĻʱЩ˵ġ
ŶľЦţЩĵǰϻһ鶼ûУ˶ľû˵ԹԵվﶼҪȥ
ľ飬վһԣҲ֪Լ˲ˡ
˻࿴ţ˭Ҳû˵ﶼס
˶εʱ˿ʼ˵ˣҺãھһĪһεưɣһǴƷμһεĻŶҿҪ۾
˶˵λǶԼ£̨ĪľЦţıһܾʵġ
˶עĪˣ촩һɫĨرƯ
ľЦЦȵе鶼ˣԼҪŮ˻ô崿
Į̄ˣеĿⶼϣǸˣһԼվһ߶濴űˣָо̫ˡ
ľҲעŮˣ˼Ůϡ
ĪŶľɣ˵ĽܵҺҿվｲҵƣһõ֬Լ񡣡
ﶼ̾һûпƣԲǮеġ
ľҲĿŵŮ˵ϣЩԼ׵ģҲû뵽Ů˿ɾ񣬼ֱ˲¶ѽ
ԼҲŮ˹Ŀ࿴ģôõôأ
ĪŴĿ⣬ЦȻ֪֪һܾʵģ˵˵ȥ֬һЩ壬Ҳǹ˾ҵ˵һȫһ޶ġ
Ժ̫ˣе䲢ǺģһֱкܺõʦʦͲ϶ˣ͵е鶼ˮˡ


ھʮ³ˣ

Ա˿һĻ֪ڿԿһˣĶǳедˣ˵ӻҪúõƵģæ˵Īھ˵ţ԰ӸǿڳĶ뿴ѽ
˵仰ˣĿľǿƬĪ΢΢һЦղŲһЩ˵ǰˣӰľƬˡ
ҪûƬĻһεģǵʱԼͰƬ׼ˣϾһ棬ԼҲ˵ʲôܾĻ
΢΢Ц˵ȻҪƬҾͰƬңĵĲǺܺ.
ҶڵȴƬϾƬǴĵģƬӣܿһʦڡ
ľЦţ֪һˣ˵һ㶼żĪ˼һ벻ġ
˵ˣһԼˣһᱻ֪ġ
ڵϲԼ׼õƬҲûпͶӰǵĻҿͶӰƬܳԾЩ˾ֱӺˡ
Īڸо˴Щ仯ˣĻعͷԼ֮ǰһЩƬǾȣҲ
Ҷ۷׷ףƺҪĪ˵ľĿţʲôû˵ƺͲ顣
Ī̫ˣҶ˵ţԼ֪ȥˣ̫ˣΪԼѾǼˣҲûԼôƬأ
ǿĪȻһˣΪʲô崿СأڿһŮˣһûмŮء
Ҷ̸飬ĪźԼȻһЩ£Щ˵Լ֪˵ʲôˣֱ̫ˡ
ĪԼ̫ˣҶѻ˵һزˣԼôܻȥأ
Լȹӣֱ˳ȥȥܱôˣĪӷɿԼܳȥˣҲæܳȥ׷ôǰõôܻأ
״ԼҪȥãһ÷ʲôĻԼûа취ԭԼġ
˵ˣֳԼûа취ˣǽһ顣


ھʮ㲻

ľɿ棬û뵽ᷢ飬ȻйɣҡҡͷܻĪԼûСİɡ
Ŷľ˵߰ɣȥ顣
Ȼʲôû˵Ƕľ֪ľɵ˲ˣô˵ǰҪĴе飬
ľŵ˵ͷŶľһţǶľɵСһ
Լ飬˵ţȥҲ鵽ô£һСʱҪ
һ㶼ûɢӵˡ
ľţʲôû˵֪ҪǱ֪ĻԼһᶵסġ
Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬ŵվһˣҪǶľż̨Ļżûа취ء
ľɵĽȥϾô飬ҵ˼һεĻˣڲǳųӰˡ
һֱԺĪûл
ľ·һ仰û˵һͰ鿴͸ˡ
æŶľؼˣһˡ
ľڳʲôû˵֪һˣֻҪԼ˵ܰԼôأ
ԼĿķ羰棬һ㶼飬ȥôأԼٿһ١
ľɴӷ⾵濴ŮˣҲ֪ԼЩʲôƺһ㶼ûһεĻһ.ĸˡ
ľڼţϢʱҲǺܾȵģû뵽ԼģҪһĻԼͲ֪顣
ʱʱΪЦϸһ룬ʱԼö鶼֪ѽ
૵㾿жٶҲ֪أΪʲôһֱ׽͸Щʲôأ
ľһҾվĿֱ̫ˣʲôû˵ɳ濴Լľǻѽ
֪Զľɴӣһһһ֪ˣ
ľɴĿһ۾ֱˣľվԼˡ
ʤкߵ˶ľǰŮˣŮڵԽԽˣԼһαҪúõĽѵѵŮˡ


һİ

ʤмû˵ľ֪жôأ
ĵ˵ӣôôɵأǰҾܶ£ôԺҾڱ̫ˣôҵ˼أ
ĴۿŮԼϲŮڱӣԼôܻ᲻żء
ľٿŶľҲһѵ˵˺ܶ飬ǽһκҪĻǺܲԡ
һ㶼ûͣһεȻ˵ȫĿǿһεĻĻкܶ
ڱӣҵﶼΡ
ľˣԼΪԼ鶼ˣҲǺܵģھԲܵʱ򣬼Ȼ֮ǰôˣԼͲںٸһ㡣
ľĬĬĿˣʲôû˵ƺ˾ͲԼһ
ľˣԼΨһãȻڱӣһԲӦ
ʤдɳŮԼ֮ǰ̫ˣҪȻҲ
һ˵һߵţҪ֪ΪȥĻԼһȥġ
ľԼ̫ίˣڻ˵ӣȻ˵ԼûнǱ˵ӣԼ̫ˡ
ܱ˵ʲôԼûоԼˡ
ϣľֱӰԼ˷棬Ͳȥ̸飬ڼȻԼҲҪǸдˡ
Ҫľɿľǰ棬ܾ֮ǰ飬̫ˡ
ԼԼİ˸ɱ˵ʱΪʲôе˶Ϊľء
ľܣǰԼô飬ûа취е鶼Լ򵥵ĵʲôûз
֮ǰԼ̫ɵˣԲŻᱻԼİ۸ӵģԼԲٱ˼۸ȥˡ
ˮֽŪʪˣֱӿûԼӦ飬ԼνһҪõԼ˺˶ۡ
ܿ죬ͰˣڵһܼǿˣΪԼ̫ˣԲŻᱻ۸ӣԼԲᱻ۸ģԼ԰е鶼ġ


һһ

ĪӷɺܿҵԼãȻ˵Լ׵ģǻҪһȥ
ãڻؼҰɣһҪ飬ڲҪƢˣҪƢĻһ˿Цģ˵𣿡
ĪԼĸ˵仰˵ͷѽҪԼȥĻǾǸ˿Цˣ˵ˣԼҲǸӣȷʵ̫á
Ȼڸ綼˵ˣԼҲ೤ʱˣҪǱ֪ԼԸȥĻǽҪʲôԼﶼ֪
ĪĪӷ˻ȥˡ
ĪԼѾˣҪû飬ԼһܳɹģԼȴʲôûˡ
ĪԼҪҵףҪǰҳĻܷʲôԼҵģԼʲô֪˵һѶȡ
ǶĪ˵鲢ûʲôѶȣӦôˡ
Ī룬Ͳ֪˭ԼгֻаĿŵϡ
֪Ӧ֪顣
ҵ֪ĽôģԼһɴСԼҪҵˡ
ĪʱˣҲ֪ĪԼģҲ֪ʲô顣
Īʲô𣿡
ĪĺһˮƺʲôûзҲֻԼ֪Լжż˰ɡ
ĪǰŮһֱ湥ĵģҪûԼԼ˵ǲŵģ˵ˣŮһ顣
Ī򵥵İе鶼˵һ飬ֻ뿴֪֪飬Ҫ֪ĻԼҲǺġ
۾е飬һֱûз⣬֪ĪԼԲ߿ġ
ĪȻе鶼˵һ:֪𣿡
ԺҡҡͷԼû飬˵ˣҵԼԼ̫ԩˣǼȻŮԼԼǺúõĽһ°ɡ
ĪҲ֪뷨ʲôҴû飬ҪûʲôĻҾˡ
Īûа취ڼȻ˵ˣԼҲûа취ֻõͷ


һ˯

ۿĪҪ뿪ȴԸˡΪһЩ飬˵ĹϵԽԽԶԼԲùϵˡ
˵ˣĪҪˣô죿
Īʱ·ҲʵסĪ֣˵:Ī̫ϲˣһ˯һ𣿡
ĪܿͰԼָˣֱ̫ˣԼʲôû˾ͺͷһ̫ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰô飬Լǲϲˣ֮ǰҲΪá
ĪãԼҪе鶼˵ˣҪȻᷢܶġ
̫ˡ
ֱ˵:ǶСˣҲֱӸ㣬ҵԲźһģҸͲϲ㡣
ԺǺһЦƺͲŮô˵ģֻҪվĪԱǸԼͿˡ
ɫɫˣûа˼ЩϣĪϣԼһΪ飬ھȻ̸飬ѾӦôˡ
ĺһˮһ㶼żƺ뿴ĪҪʲôʱһŮ˾һܲ˵ģʱԼǲʲô鶼ɽˡ
ĪˣͲ²͸ҪЩʲôƺѾе鶼ˣԼѾѻ˵زˣ˲ôҪɡ
һ㶼żĺŲ裬һûζİ׿ˮƺҪƷǳζ
Īȴһ㺦ˣ˲˵ǲһЩѽҪķһЩĻԼʲôû
Īż˵:ǲһ飬Ǿʫ飬飬óһǵмסܾðɣ
Ī仰˾ȻвԼҪԼĺµĻôܻ׵ľͱвأ
ԼˣҪȻҲӵģ˻ԼҲûк˵ˡ
Ŀ˴棬ƺһֱ˼飬ϾԼѾȹϵϣͶ·ˡ


һºڲ

ĪԼһֿۣһǺΣĲԸ⣬һֱڱԼԼϲ飬ֱ̫ˡ
һ㶼żƺĪ۾Ϳ԰͸
Ī˵۾ʲô˵˼Ȼ˵Ļһһˡ
ʹԼԸ⣬Ҳǽ顣
ˣЦЦŽ˵һһˣҲϣԺٷˡ
˵ҵĿһˣŮŽЦŮԼģκ˶ûа취ߵġ
Īж಻ԸֻԼ֪˰ԼƵûа취ˣֻĬĬĵͷЭˡ
ϣĪԼͺһǿԼȥģڼȻӣԼҲö˵ʲôˡ
ڶϣ˯ĪӴԺͺܣһԼϣĵǺܿ죬ͰԼˣһ㶼ûзһ
ΪǱģһҪ취˦Ƥǣ
˳ȥͷûлعȥĿһֱŮ˵ϣһֱ߳䡣
ĪȥԺǸ㲻飬һܼ򵥵飬ôԽԽˣͺʲôָԼȥһ
ȥʫסȥ˿סһҵʲôġ
Ȼ鷿淢һƷԼƻ츳ģǺŮȣԼֱС׼ˡ
ƷƬĵЦԼЩͿԺúõĻȥ۲һˡ
ĬĬ˵ţʫѽȻľˣǲò˵ֱȫһģҪڵĻҪҶٺأ
İƸԼȫװڴϿ֣Ӻųˡ
һļֱ֣֪˻ΪӵĳСء
ֱӿԼģһҲҪԼˣɴС֪ԽԽá
ôСǺܵģԴʼԺ;ڱһһֱڶԼȻ֪ܾԼĴһ֪һеˡ


һ¹ʫ

ʱ򣬶ľյһţɳſȣ˵ÿϱ顣
޳ָĽŴ򿪣ľҲʱ¥ˣŷ⣬ʲôû˵ԼĳȥģϤ
װʲô֪ȥϴˣľĴţϸĶ
ʱţз˱仯ûʲô򵥣ȻϿһͨţȴ˵ʫĲ
ĿʱϾԼĸúúõĵһˣ
ʫһֱԼϲһңƵķҲԳһɣ겻֪һЩʲôôһΰͻȻһЩϲλҵ˵һ˭κβˡ
ľĬĬĻʦʱļƣ󶼱ԼˣȻľɾһֱǴģʱ˭ʣԼȻˣǾӦðе鶼һĴˡ
Ȼ˵ԼҲ֪˭͹ģǼȻѶԼˣԼҪúõĲһˡ
ľϴԺֱӻصԼķˣʲôûʣڼȻô飬ԼǵȴĽȽϺá
ľɵú֣Ͳ֪Ϊʲôᷢ飬ԼҲҪҸ˺úõȥһˣϾɴС
ӿڴóֻһϻû˵ŽӷԸȥˣԬȥҵһʫܸҡ
ľڹսǾŽЦֻ֪Ҫľɳ֣ʲô鶼ǿɵġ
ľĬĬţĪҵ뿴㾿ҪЩʲôһŹģ
ľԼ鱦ԼһУǰԼǺϲ鱦ģ͸أȻԼ뿪ģ˵̫ˣҪ֮ǰԼһֱܰ˵ģǴŵģڡ
ԼһԸǰԼǿνģǴԼĵߣԼ˶ǾԲԵġ
˵ˣ˵ʲôûУԼҲϹۣڼȻԼʲô֪ˣھ͸úúõȥһ۸Լ֮ء
ĪȻԼû͸øˡ


һ¾

˵Ǹô˵棬ȻС˾ܲãȴ˼ȡŮŵˡ
ľһֱ֮Աǣ˾ǾԼǮԲܷʲô鶼ÿɵǮġ
ľ֪һֱûзԼһҪúõİеˡ
ҪľǵһĪ٣û뵽ĪȻһˡ
ľЦǺֻҪúõЦһ£˾һ۸ԼģȻһˣǲǻ۸Լأ
۽ǵûа취صģҪ˿ľĻһ֪ľںˡ
Ƕľʲô˵ȻڶˣԼֻԽԽ
Īѽһ֮صģǶҵһǻˣ
ľȭͷһֱѧ̣ˣԼҲˣϾԼʲôˣǵȵԼվһ죬ܷʲô飬ŮԼҲҪ۵ġ
ľûȥ˾һɳ濴ļľ¥ʱͿ˶ľɣߵ˶ľɵԱߣס˶ľɵİӡ
ľɿúǾȣֻûжƺеҪŮһҪЩʲô
ľûжͼҡֱۣ磬ȥ˾ɣڼʵ̫ˡ
ľŰԼָ˻ʵǲй֫Ӵʲôû˵˵ͷ
ľĵЦţƺûиоľɸոЩԸֻҪľԸӦԼˣǲ֮ǰʲôġ
ľһɳߣƺûа˵
Ƕľһֱ˼ڶľϣľ֪֮ȻʲôԼ֪һжġ
Ȼ죬˽Ȼ˶ľһֱöľûʲôصܣԾֱ˵
ܲãһѾˣڻҪȥСļнۣǸʲôûиҡ
ľԺ˵ͷʲôû˵ֱӰ˰֣һˣһҪȥǷʲôһŮһ֮ˣһкܴġ


һڵ

һеĶľüĿ΢еߣƺںˣԭľһֱڰ飬ԭԼûпˣľһǳõĺˡ
ˣʵȴˡ
̫οˣǰԼ˿ܾû˻˼ԼˣڿϣԼˣϻһһֱڹ˼Լ
ľһ㶼ûŶľһֱûѹھ֪ˣҲʲô֪ģҲʲôģȻԼǲġ
ľһЩߣ̫ˣȻ˵칫ʲôУһ쵽̫ȤˣһŶľһıɽԼ֪˵ʲôˡ
ľٹԺͿ˶ľɳ淢أôܻ᲻֪ŮںѽԼ쿴һߣԼҲҪˣߵľǰʵ:Ҵȥ𣿡
ľԺ˵ͷԸԼһȥˣԼ̫ˣΪʲôأǹ˾̫ˡ
ʱһ飬ƽʱϲ۸ԼģҲǺúõĶԴԼˣֱ̫ˣѵЩ綼֪ʲô
Ƕľһ£ֲӦѽȻ˵Լʲôû˵ǴҲʲô֪ģڼȻĶԴԼܾǾԼǵðɡ
ľĵĸǳȥˣǰЩˣҪԼȥĻԼҪˡ
ľɿԺҡҡͷʲôû˵ƺͲľȥˣͦĵģľȥҲȴԼİ칫ұȽϺá
ľ߿ЦţȻҲ֪ԼҪȥֻҪڰ칫ңﶼOKġ
ĿĵţһֱĶԼ֮ǰЩ飬Ȼ˵Լ֮ǰһͨˣԼҲе鶼ģȻлˣҶľɶʼԼˣԼҲðԼıչֳˡ
ȻҲ֪ʲôԼزֻҪһ԰еԼǻġ
ԼôҪԼĶû


һ츳¶

ľ룬ԼڱҪ»صʦλԼȻ˵ʲôˣԼҲ԰е鶼
ԼһͱĿʦһֱԼΪԼˣԷһУڣԼǾԲһеģȻ԰еĶģԼΪʲôһҪںʲôأ
Щ鱦˿ʵ̫Щ鱦ˣһֱûбֳȻҲֳ֪ܱҲûʲô˻ԼֻҪԼŬл̤ϵһλӵġ
ľɳ濴űֽľ¥ʱԼ©˳ǵԼƵһ鱦ڿҲǺƯġ
ľɿ˹ȻЩԾǰûпԼôһ̫Ծˣͺûмһ
ȥѯʵ:ѽ
ľܿʲô˼Ҫװʲô֪ӣ۾ŶľɣͲ˵ʲô˼
漴˵:ģҾúܺÿʹˡ
ľԺ˵ͷʲôû˵ƺڿǶľ仰ĿŶȣЦŮûʲôƭԼġ
ʱʤˣһҲǾȣԼŮЩģͻȻˣ̫ˡ
סԼŮ֣ϸѯʵ:ӣôˣǰͲϲѽ
ľԺЦ粻ܷʲôԼûйϵһش:Ҿǿÿ춼ϲͦƯģҾʹ¡
˵껹Цһ£ȻЩ٣Ƕ鱦ϲԼβ˵ģǰԼǲ̫ϲģΪԼ֮ǰЩܵ飬ǼȻԼҪȥǾ͸ðе鶼ˡ
ľ֪ԼҪȥǾͱҪֳ鱦ϲӣҾԲܱ˿ҪǿˣԼ֮ǰЩͲ˵ȥˡ
ľɿŶľҽ˵һֱڻָܹ˶þͿԱ֮ǰǸˡ
˿Ŷľöľı˺ܶ࣬µȷ涼֮ǰҪ˺ö࣬һֱûлɣǶľָӡ


һ

ŶľģľεҡҡͷѽԼ̫ˣЩľһֱԼ˯Ȼ˵Լ˭ɳ棬øԼĸоȴǺǰ̫һˡ
ǾﲻһҲ˵ġǿǲһˡ
ľʲôû˵һԱߣƺղŴҵ̸ûصš
ľɵ۾ȴһֱڶŶľûʲô뷨ȻҲ֪þЩʲôҲ֪ÿܻĶܶܶࡣ
ľƺ֮ǰԼһġ
ȻҲ֪ڶڶԼôأԼʲôûб䣬ǸС㣬ǸʲôˣԺ˵Լ䡣
ľÿ춼͸һȥ˾ЩļȻЩģٸڿԼЩ鱦ƵͼˣҵһԼԸ˵ˣôܻ᲻أ
ľһֱ鱦ԣһֱϲ鱦ҪʫĻһΪԼõġ
ļ̌ͷˣ˵磬Ҫ鱦һϯ֮صĻÿ԰ҵһж㣬һҪҽˡ
ľҲ֪Ѿ㹻б°Լе鶼ˣܣһ˵ս
һ磬ľֱӰѹ˾һЩƸ˶ľ˵:ϸĿһƱ棬ʲô⻰һʱҡ
ľԼ˵ͷȻ֪Լ֮ܲǰıˣԼ˵һ£ҪԼڿܻܰԼıչֳ
򵥵Ŀһۣʹ˵˼Ҫ󣬶ľԺ˵ͷһЩҲǿģԼҲ֪þжٱ¡
ľٿŶľʲôû˵ȻľھǼ򵥵ϲܾãľܲϲô򵥡
ľҲѼһƸеģԶľӣϾԼҲǺӵģԼҲûʲô취
ԼͲܰԼıչֳ˵ܶ鶼һģãԼҪúõչһ±¡
ܹɣ


һ¶ľɵص

ľŷۺ˯ȹڿε
ľɵͳڿصô⣿ļ̌ͷЦòá磬ϺѽڵҳԷôŵ¶Цöľһ˲Ϲۡ
šָֽǲá鱦ƸȤҲעһ£鷿
磬ϲĺϲĶúÿÿø翴ľܹȥסĸ첲ҡҡ
ã㣬ǵעϢľɻ˵ջĿ⣬עСϢȥ˾ˡ
鱦ƶڶľ˵ǳĻԴȪȻľɣľ֧䲻ĪƷļְֶ̤εõƷ
׷󣬶ڼ׷󣬶ľͶ뵽֮СԪغͿʵĴ䣬ɫͨ͸ȣÿһ㶼鱦ʦҪǵģϲִš
ľǰŸյ˾Īӷɺž͵űһֺõˣĪӷ
ĪӷɻܣûǸʧɫˣأ
ڼϢľɲ˵ͷ񡣳ٳٲȥĽŲ̧ͷһֱĪӷ⧲Ķϡ
ڼңĪӷɻޣѡ鱦ƸȤʱ鱦У̫ˡ͸¶Ų
ͦϲġĪӷ˵͸ܵ˺̹ǡͦɰģûôޣˡȶľɿڣת뿪
ľǸСѾͷ鱦ƸȤţ鱦ƣĪϲġ
Īӷƿ˾ϯʦİ칫ţͳĪˣϵĲʱʲֱͣĪӷ߽
ĪסƸ壬磿ôˡȷĪӷɣͷҲķԱߣƸԾ˵İƷ¶£
ţǶľСŮ£ľ˵鱦ƸȤȥ̽ĪӷпɳϣĪֶһԾ˳ȥ
磬ϯʦҺæͶľṆ̀ҽôĪŸ罥ı飬˵ҲԲջ
ôģֻΪܹ˲ָġĪӷƽ˵һ˿ײŭȴԾ


һһʮĪӷɵȰ

ĪӷԼҲף״Ӻζ
Ժ̸עһ㣬ľҶ̬ȸǰһڶľɺͶľٶĺøټǶľΨһŮô˵Ӧõ
Īӷڰ칫߶ȴõĴ𸴡Ϸţ鱦ҫÿһʦľĵ̣ÿһƷͬʹеӤ
ǸɰŮָһУ̤ҵÿɰҲʧ
磬Һæȳȥ̶ľ²ܡĪ߬еƸ壬ʫİƷƶﲻҪЧ
ĪĪӷɶȫƺʹƽҲܵһ˿ŭĸʲôʱ
ȥĪͣĪӷҲǿ£뿪뿪ǰҲǿҵȻúÿһ¡
ľԴľɶľپ綼ôעΪʲôƾʲôֻǸŮ
ĪµƸ壬񿴵ʫĳЦʹõƸΣƷôƶ覴Ʒ
Ī㶵ؿԶΪʫƳΪϯʦڣѴȼƷ
ָıĪָתľǸֻм̵ͯˣ̣һϯʦȥôܣ
Īƣĺ٣ĪӷٶȳĪİ칫Сҽؼҡ
ĪպƸ壬ϵգ͸Īӷ뿪˹˾
һ·ϣĪӷȰȥ̣Ի׶ܹԵġ㹤ġ
ĪһԣŴŵҹľڶľܳ裬ľԸܳ硣
ľҲ鱦ⷽĲҵͶľùϵǲǶľҲһϯ֮أľʶƷ϶ҵո¶ͷǵġ
뵽⣬Īһ⣬磬˵ˣȥаɡ
ҪȥĪӷ仰ĪھԾܾ̬ȣΪȥ̶ľ
ġĪ϶ǿ
Īӷɿڵ龰ĪӦòڸı⡰Ǿͺá֪Īȥ϶ܿġ
ϾĪʦ˵ƣ۹ⶾľɶˡңľҲϲĪӦҲϲ


һһʮһĪÿ

õĪӷɵ⣬ľһɵ˹˾š
Īİ칫ҵļͰλõġϯʦľ΢΢˹ǣ¶һ˿΢Ц
һеһУġ˵ԭĶľġ
⴫߸Ь̤ŵľ΢΢˶٣λü˳۵ȥеľ⣬ָͯӣһԵɳϡ
ˣĪű㿴ͷɳϵĶľԾ¶һ˿Ӷȴ̧ͷʱӴγĿ⣬ͷ΢΢һ
ӷɸ˵Խң𣿡ľЩСĿڣǰˡ
ĪӲͷƤ˵ͷҪǿҪŲһʮ̵Сʲôء
ˣԼĳ֮Ǵǰȡġ
ľǰĪóĪǼ䲻ԸġıҲһѧϰͷչֳԼ츳Ӷһٳ
ĪˣúһôԵԼء
ǣԽ鱦˵鱦ƺܺÿأľװĿţĿһչʾƬϣоһ˿Ϥ
Ī˳Ŀ⣬һĪЩˡ
ϤĸоܾҺڷأ̧ͷĪ۾ϣȴĪ
ľĴڲϵĪһжǴǰɵȡģڷ
ľ·͸ŷ쿴ľЦ̣΢ƿ˽
Ϥ˵ͳɤڶ𣬽˶һ
ľ֪ôͻȻ˵ͷɵĺ硣
ľɵ˵ͷʾ֪˵ǼҾͿһ
ĺܣֱԼʲôԾǿĴӱȻҲǸ˵ġ
ȻǱģദľܸЩ顣ԼҵãûЩҲ㻤ˡ
ƸȤͺúѧŶľ۾ľɲɵ˵һ䡣
ΪµԵʣʲôҪҪѧʲôʲô𽥻ָˣȻЩˡ
ľ±һЦ˵лл磡оƺú棬Ҳúÿ


һһʮŭĪ

ľƵϲ츳ľοĵ˵ͷ
ѧšʲôľʰɡľɵͷԹԵһߴļȴҲûҪ뿪˼
ĪȻϣľ뿪ģΪĵ׵Ĳ̶ľľҲ÷Ƣֻӵ˵ͷ
ľ͵һ̣ʵ㣬ʱǴѽ
һ٣׼˴ε˵ýǰ˵ȴȻĶ˶ľǰĪҧҧĵ˵Ҳᶮ
ľüĿĪȻ˵Ҫ̣ͲܷܵǶľҵӡ
ʱǿŴһɫı֮ҪУУ𣿡ҧҧĪжǲм
ǣҾǴҶӡ㿴״ͺ񱡶ǺҶӷϵģһ滹һЩۣǲѡѽľЦȷӣĪ
ľǩļٿضסǰֹסһŶľ
֮ǰĪƵԴЩǣǿͷܣȴô˵εĺܡ
ǶľĽͣ·ƣöľɵһЩɻ
ѵⷽ츳
˵ʲôⷽĶôܲ͸ģĪɫ࣬ƲסԼŭ˵ţȴ
͵ĶʱĽͣڶľԭǰȻվסŸ
˵𣿶Բ𡣡ľ͵Цգ۾Īܻӣļʣ㣬ЩƷ𣿺
˳ָָĵطĪ֮Լ½ƵƷɫָһЩĵ˵ͷ
ľǵͷǣΪʲôĶҵĸоһѽܸоͬأ
ȴ·һѵһĪУҪȴڶľɾĿѹסˣȴĪ˵ҵĸоᣬǺĶƳġ
ľɵ˵ͷڶľصĿⲻɵ¶ЩͣһԵĪȴѾ˲סˡ
Ϲ˵治ΪʲôҪ㣡Īҧһֹܻ˶ľ˵Ļɫݵóֻ绰


һһʮҲˣ

ԱߵĶľɿ΢΢üͷľԴüĿ΢֪Щʲô
绰˼ܿĽͨĪŵ绰Ǳ˵磬Ҳˣľֻ˵˵һɵӶʲô
üͷʮַŭ
ľĪĻĿ˲Ī֮ǰȻɵҲԼ˲ܹ˵ĻĪһʲôʸͷ㣡
ڿĪӷõĻɵ΢΢üɢᣬ·³ʲôӡ
õƢĺܣΪ˺ľ治֪ôˡοĶľʮкøУҲǴĵסġ
ס죡Ȼ˾ҪúõḶ̬̌ô£ĪӷɵЩǳĪЩ͸ֻ˵Ķľźۼĵͷˮ
ĪСĪӷɶҲĳ磬õûܹίһʱЩӦȴĽܵˡ
ĪЩŤʵĴ磡ô˵ңޱǽ̲˵ģ
ҧΡƾʲôƾʲô
ǸɵӣΪʲôô˻
ĪӷԼõĻüͷԼЩ̫ݣԼý̻ˡ
ǲڣǱߴ˵˭ޱ
ľ˵ڶ仰ʱվѹԵĪ΢΢һ٣ȦȴһȦ
˶ˣ
ҾޱŶԣ̲ľɺ˵ţǰͻɹ˽ռ˲ٲϣĪ˵ľҲͲù˼ˡ
Īɫɷףزţ˵
һٰϯֵĶľɶ˵ĪоܵĪ裬ȴˣЩȡġ
ľȴڴʱ̧ͷקס˶ľɵ½ǣӵ˵Ǹ㲻ҪΪ㣬֪ҲԺúѧġ
ľګڶľɵίֵģЩĲ˼ʧ䡣
ۿһȦľȫȻһߵӣ˺ʲôοڽĪһڡȡ֡Բѷ


һһʮ¸ǲң

ľҪԷƱⷽļܲҸҸˮƽߵʦϣָܿƳԼƷԼչġľ΢΢һͷһԴԼᡣ
ֻװ˸ӣǶľɵλȴöľҲ˲ԴյĴ඼ǰۻοᶨĸδˣȴֻжľһ
Щжĵ˵ͷľȴûԼġְľװſ
ĪһԿȴѾ˱ӡСǱģܵ裬ô£
ãˮƽʴӱĪݺݵһˤߵ˳ȥ
ľһʶ˶ľɵĻ˶ڷŶ
ֻоͻȻײһĴЩζĶ·ܾһ㣬᲻ÿ
һľůĻȻʶԼЩԽˡæҵĴĻʵǲǲϲң˵ӣһҪ޲޵ӡ
ľɸоһգͷȻӿһ˿ʧСεһŶľСӣε̾˿οû£ԼͺˡҸ㰲һõʦòã
ľĵ˵ͷɵȥæԼˡľȷʵҲﵢ̫ã˽ϢұҴҵ뿪
뿪Ĵæȴûע⵽ŹϵһɲǣԭŮʪ۾¶ľ⣬Щ˵ѡ
ĨȥԼϵˮľ΢΢˹ǣ뵽ĪܻӣЩԵĵɪȴǾԶԶ
ͲǸˣûԵ±ԹȣֻرˡĪɳһ˶òݣǶȴȻĺúõģֻľѹڽŵѹ
ʧһ㣬ڵɲ׸ǰϻˡһգҪеһж
ֻʾ¼Ļ档ղŵһж¼ΪԺ¶ʵòĳ롣뵽Լֻܿװɵװͯжľ;ͷۡ
ΪףǸɹ鶼¶£ڵһ̶ֵõġ
ƷһҪ


һһʮͻ

ֻоȴЩʲôĻǾԲܽҴĪĿģľҲԲûе೤ʱǶ־״̬ˡ
ҪһˣҪĵطֻ֣ҪԼܹƳõƷĪĻҲͲˡ
죬ľ˵һ䡰Ҫ˵鷿鷿ʼԼơ
ʵƵʱ򣬶ľЩĵطֻǸʱƻǳۣԲûнһ޸ĳ
Ī㽫Ƿͼ͵ˣȻƾı£Ҳǲܾһ覴õġ
ڣȻʫȻ˶ľǸʱ鱦Ƶ츳ûʧԸӳ㡣
ľţĪˮƽǱȲԼģҲҪƳд鱦
ˣһεƣľǷǳӵġ
ľǰ棬һֻõǦʣ˫ʧسǰﲻͣתԺй˼Լͼϻʲô
ľ°ʱ򣬿ľһ
һ鷿ŵʱΪľڷǿеǦʶֽддʶԭ˼ͼ
ľͻȻ뵽ڹ˾飬ľⷽ츳ڿڷܣҲǾúο
ȻҲǳжһʦ˵жôҪûгŶľ
ڶľڼ䣬軹¥鷿ţƵУԲûв
ľȴѸߵ鷿ſڣţꡱһ
ͷһȻƵĶľ߳ţŶ˵ţȹһȥʱٶ˳
ǳû˵ĬĬ˵ͷ¥ԸӶˡ
ľһεȫǴͷʼĳ廭ҲǷǳ棬ԼһܹƳõƷ
ȶľͼ򵥻һЩ֮Щƣػ˻ԼӲľ׵û£͸ܵԼһ˫ԼĲӡ
һǲϤĴ֪ǶľɣҲûٶˡ
ϲ鱦𣿡ľɫȻѯʣƽҪ˲١


һһʮ½Դ

ԣļ̌ͷŶľɹɵգգ۾
ǰҲϣܹϲҵƣ˵Ժ󻹻һرʦأ
ľһŮۣ̿
費ҪһʦĪľ
ΪԼĹ˾鱦ҲǲرԼСϲԼ϶ҪԲ̶ľ
ľҲãԭûѧЩƵĶȴͻȻһҲǸ⺺ˣȷʵЩ˻ɡ
ˣľʱǷǳãԼͿԸӷĵˣ˻ɣͿ˵ʦ̵ġ
ǣȼɡľǲĪʦһ
š
ľְһӣſ˵ˣȥͰɣʣµĵȳ극ٻҲԡ
극һص鷿ľϿļľһԻͼ
ľɻᾭԱ߿ľͼŵʱ򣬼Ѽ䣬ȷʵǳ
ڶһ磬ľһ˾ڹ˾һ鱦ʦʱȥ̶ľѧϰ鱦ơ
ڹ˾ʦǶ˽⣬ԺܿҵһʵѡҲǽԴ˶ľɰ칫ҡ
ȻľɲһʦȥСʦȷʵĿǰʵѡˡ
ÿȥҼһˣѧϰ鱦ƣʼӱϣ㲻ҪҵľɿŽԴ˵
Դǰλܲõãľ֣˵Ӳ̫ãҲ֪ܲôȥ̡
ǼȻ˾ĹȻûоܾɣοмӱĹʿá
õģܲáԴ΢΢ЦŴӦЩԹɻȫƤ֮¡
һ뿪ܲð칫ңԴͱͬΧˣǷ׷šܲøղŽȥʲô
ԴԸЩͬºĽĿ⣬ЩƮƮȻ˵ܲҰЩѣǱˡ
ǽԴȻ˵˭Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ЩĶľС㣬ǳм
ȽԴľҵıľݵʱǰЩϹۣôƯСôǸɵء
ԴòȻȲ϶ľɣҲüĿ㣬ټȷʵЩŻԺܶŮ˶ĸ֦Ҳ߲ܡ
ΪЩŮ˶Ƿ곡Ϸһμ˶ľžԼǰЩŮ޲òҲ֪Լǰôµȥֵġ


һһʮµĽ

ڶ죬˾ĳһ칫վһˡ
ʱüͷ׾ͿԿʲô
ǶľɣһʱǷһЩ飬òȥע⣬һʼΪģΪֻһͨС¶ѣֻԽǵ֪Խ࣬ȴô򵥡
Ŀǰ˵Ҫǵ鴦ʫ˵򵽵ʲô
ܿͻнġ
糿˵㣬˾滹ûʲôˡ
ڳҲ޿κΣεġ
ǸŮ˵һ첻ôҲ֪׻ᷢ͵ʲôز
ԺЩʱ򣬾һ˽
ó˶ǹ
ôĽʲôԼԬˣľɱ㵭ʵ
һȽĮˣֻҪûзϣôԶһνӡ
ľɾǵ͵²ؼ߸߹
Ҫ֪ȴ¶ʲô
Ͼ˵ض漰̸һЩ⡣
ÿǸʱͱñԼᱻ˸֣ȻĻ׳ġ
Ŀǰʫġ
ԬҲǽԼһЩԭⲻĸ˶Է
ľԽȥԽͲǱϿô򵥺ġ
ӡŮ˵ֻǺϤģϾȷʵӵһʡ
ΪʦͷǻƶϵĻôһЩ̫ˡ
˵ӵĻô黹Ӧñúõһ¡
ľɱ˵š
ʱֻһ򵥵⣬ãڵͲ⣬ô򵥡
ԺͻȻĳһͷôܺ滹һıȻ֪ıս˭ġ
֮㻹ûе鵽йϵģ˵֮ǰʲô˱ȽϽӽ˵ʲôйϵľɼʵ
ȷʵҲĿǰȽϹĵһ⡣
ԴЩҵһЩ֮ǰ֪Ĵ𰸡
Լ֮ǰûҪȥЩ飬ڣԼյǷʼôͲܵʲô֪ʫ


һһʮʼԴ

ԭľɾǲҪģֻڵһЩʫ֮͸ӶȽˡ
УһʫԼĪ˶һĹϵ嵽ΪʲôɾͲ̫ףҪһĽе顣
ľôһʣԬҲ
Ȼ˵һûر֮ĹϵΪʫ֣һЩҲֵõġ
Ҳ֪ľǱȽϰϧ˲ŵģôһʴӱˣҪı˹ɱˣǻͦϧġ
ŶԼĪйϵĻ󣬶ľɵЩˡ
û뵽йϵ
ȻڱȽϺ棬Ҳ֪κ鶼Ҫѭ򽥽ģܹһʱֻܹˡ
ҪҪ֪һϣ˵֮ǰ׷ʲô飬͵ȥ˽ߵˡ
ǽӦô죿Ǽȥһ飬ȥԬɻʵ
Ȳü飬ȥǷһʼԴʲôҪࡣľɵ˵š
ȴ˼ƽϣȻʫ⣬ôĻǵҪԼȥ飬עˣ϶ҲԼĿġ
ȻĻôأҶԷĿǰ϶ǲҪԼݵģǶԷԽҪأ͸Ҫ֪
ã֪ˣһᾡİѽġԬ˵ͷΪǵ˵š
ȥڵʼˡ
칫ʱ˿ֻ̾ʣ˶ľһվشǰľɫˡ
ȻǲĿɫǾֻԼ֪
Ԭ˲ã칫˿ˡ
Īĵľɵ̬Ȳ䲻ȣһʱ֮ĪЩΡ
Ҳû룬֪ľɾһӣҪǶԷͻȻԼǲء
֪Ұ칫Ҹʲôľֱ⡣
ҲûһЩ顣
Ǹģ̬ȷǳĳϿҡǷĵģ֮ǰ˶ľһֱ뿪ˣԲ𰡣Ҳ֪
Īʱ˿̵̬ȿȷʵǳϿң·ΪԼΪеΡ
ֺ˵ţ֪ľǡȿȡҾͲô˵ˡһЩûֱ˵
ֻǶľʲôˣô޵˼Ȼһˡ
޷Ǿڰ˵Լһɵӡ


һһʮƳ

ľڸͲҪĪҼƽϣڶ֮ǰ飬ҪҲûж˵ʲô
ĪԹԵܵ˶ľɵİ칫棬ֱӽڵͼ档
ȫͼĿ
һͼǶľҲò̾һ൱
Ƶͼ𣿡
ľɿǰһͼһ̲סԱһ䡣
Īӵľɵһ˫ûκĵ˵ͷֱ˵
ûƵƸӣ
˵仰ʱĪĲûκĸо
һŸȻĪƣֱӴʫļҳͼ
ֻֻҪľɲ֪Ƿǳ
ľɶûκεĻɣֻԱߵ˵ͷ
ЩǷڵͼи𣿡
ڵͼԣֻһĸġ
ƳһƶѣûƳⲻżҪ㿴ɡ
Ī˴֮֮жϲԱ˵
⵹ǺܲһƣھֱˣеĸȫƳ֮һỨ߼ϵġ
ľɶͼǳĿأϾҲҪܹеķȫƳڿĪһ˫֮Уȴ΢˼ֻɺͲš
ľɶԴڵ̬ȷǳĶӣκһ˿һķֲ档
ֻȴ滳ĪʵΪ֮ǰѾĪչֳһ㡣
ÿһʦӵԼƳķ磬ĪƷ񲢷չֳ˻󷽡
ֻľȷʵǳҪһͼ֪ΪʲôǾͼлһֺ塣
ľʶһڿˮҪʳҲһ˲Ȼֹֻúõоһ
ڵĪƳģȻĪǳı꽱ǲǣҲĪӦеĴۡ
˼֮󣬶ľɽԼ֮еһĨѹȥ
ĪڸûпľѾһͼһֻɣֻڴδطҲֻգʲô鶼ûзһ㡣


һٶʮ

Īڵ֮гһֻϲͼڵõ˶ľɵĿ϶˵ѾͬԼȥơ
˵ǴûйôľһֱԼͼǴ˼
Ȼ˵һͼԼƣֻҪǴóĶ˭ỳɣ
Ī֮ĶһϲѾͼԭⲻ˹
ʵֶǳļ򵥣ֻҪϲͺá
ĪߴԲѵ˵
ƸƳ𣿡ļ̌ɫؿĪ
ľڻ΢żֻɵһ䣬Ϊǵڣ΢˼ֻɵ
Ȼ⵱ȻƳģĪǻб˰һƸ㣿
Ī˵仰ʱ΢˼ֵ飬Լ˱ǰõһƸǾԲܷ顣
뵽֮ĪȶһԼԱ˵
ھͰƸıˣȵеͼȫ֮ٺ̸Ĺϵɡ
ľʱԼ֮еԱ˵һ䡣
Ī˸߲ҵıԼһƸ߳˶ľɵİ칫ҡ
ֱ߳˰칫ҵĹ֮УϵһЦݣûг׵Ĵʧǲһݳɾ͡
ǵĪȴûκİ˵һֳɾ͹Լϡ
ڻǸĵĴڣڣһվңеĳЧ
ĪԼƸ΢΢һǣһһٵĻ֮дױȵĺݶ
֮УĪȴΪԼ֮ǰһУоһַǳĴ
ȵĪӶľɵİ칫뿪֮󣬶ľҲʼԼļȵؼҵʱ
ľ߳˰칫ȴ뵽ʲôһ˻
ǴȥúÿɣѧϰѧϰҲá
ľüëֱӽһݱݵĸ˻ȥһҪöľһݸӵĴڣҲúõѧϰһ¡
ľɲνʲôȨ⣬ΪĪ֮ǰѾ˺ͬĹϵ
˵һݸڣĪҪߵκͷҪһ㡣
ҵеڴ㿴һƸʱ
ľ̲סģڶľıЩڴУ̲ס΢΢


һٶʮһµ

һߵĶľһһ϶ľ۾ԴѾȴ¥¹ˡ
Դ΢ϼЦݣһ˫֮жϵתŸָ
Ϊ֮ǰľɾѾ߹Щйһ飡
ǾǸľΣе֪ʶȫ͵ľĴ֮С
ҲǶľ˾аθ߸
Ȼ˵սԴڵݸľΣʵ̫ߵһ㣬ԴֵС
ΪӶĿģǵֻΪ˽ζѡ
ҽҪǳĻΪҽҪĶɶǷǳĿ⣬˵ܵ˴֮󣬿²׻յʵ֪ʶ
ԴЦݵĶԴԱߵʤУĵ˵һ䡣
Ҫ֧֮еˣϾҪ鲢Ҫ֪οʤС
˵ʤв֪ЩЩ֮󣬿϶㱨ľɣôʱЧɾͲǽԴԸˡ
ҪǳĻ𣿡
ʤ΢΢һüë֮һ۷䣬ľǸʱ򣬿ѾԼһҪúõչ˶ľ
ڽԴȴҪ뿪һǳĻ
Ҳ֪ľڵױһеȫߵĻô
Դ̯̯ĵ˵һ䣬еĺҲȫѾˡ
Ȼ˵Ƿǳص飬ǽԴȴƫƫΪһֲ顣
ðɣȵе鶼֮ٹҡ
ʤ仰֮߿
Դʤ뿪֮΢΢һǣֱ߳˷䵱С
ľڻװһɵӰڷ룬ڽԴĵûиκεı֡
Դľһģ֮ʶһڿˮ˫ֹסĳ鶯
ʼʱ򣬽ԴʵʵԱ߸ľе֪ʶ
ԴȻڶľĻ죬Ĵ֪ʶȴҲ൱ģеĶǳ׶һĳմҲȫס
㿴Ҫȥ
ʱ򣬽ԴͻȻȥֱ˶ľĴ棬ƵŲš
ûʲôԾģϸ˶ĵ


һٶʮ¶ľķ

ٴľʶĺһ㿪˫֮־롣
Ŀ棬ͬˮһҲûýԴֵκε⡣

ľ͵һ䣬գգ۾һ˵Դ
ֻǸոƷһѣԴڸոõĶǳĲ㣬ܹõĶ
ҲģҺúõĸ㽲
Դ΢Цһ£֮֡
ľûκεĶԴԹԵóǰȥֱ˶ľԱߣľŽ֪ʶ
ڽԴڶľϵţûһʵʱһ˫ֶ൱ƵڶľϲϵĽӴš
ľ΢΢һ£üëҲڲϵĶһֽӴеĽӴ൱
Դھʲôûо쵽һ㣬ǱԹԵһϵе顣
ʱ򣬽ԴŶľԵɣȻȻش˶ľļ棬ϵţöľ÷ǳĶġ
ڸܵĳĬ֮󣬽ԴһԼС۾
Ƕľȴ飬ʹ˫ֽ߬ȭͷһҪֱһȭ͵һ»ҳȥֱӱԴ
ֻڶľһմһϵе飬򲻵ҲͲ֪ڽԴʲôԴ̵ľһ㡣
ľ˵ĻҲı¶Լȫ˼롣
Ҳϲӡ
ľ˱죬װһģһѽԴֺݺݵ˦
Դ΢΢һüëûϵڵĶľȻѧ˷֮ǰһϵеĶڲϵĶԼĽӴ
ʦҲΪöѣ㿴ⲻҲΪ˸㽲ѵ˵㲻Ҫ˽Щ֪ʶ𣿡
Ȼ˵ԴڲľԼķҲֻǵСһӶѣûķϡ
ֵֵһδ˹ȥһʹ͹ȰĿһ㶼Ǳ˵һ䡣
Ҫ֪Щ㽲֪ʶǷǳԶõģֻмӴܹס
ڽԴ̵ľǶľʲô˵һЩԣľҲ˵
ľ仰֮󣬲һҪֱ³
ҲϲòãǱˡ
ľҡҡͷȫչֳԼһСӵƢ


һٶʮ¶תת

꣡
ľڿſŵϽܵſڡҪѽ콭Դ߸硣
ľһһŰ콭Դ顣ȫûע⵽ľľѾܽˡ
pingǶľײ϶ľؿ
ôˣһûпңھôȲġͶ뱧ˣľɵͷΪײԼؿڶ۵Ķľ˵
ָоòƻľ΢΢
ߣûأ⣡ľһϽӶľɵĻܳȥǿȥԷɣҶˣ
ãڶľ뿪һľɸоһ˿˿ʧ䣬оܿʧˡ
ΪʱܶݣԶľҲû⡣
ΪľҳԷйأһǳԷʱ򲻿˵ԶľͶľһͿӷһûС
ǶľȻû˵ǴʱĴڿٵ˼ôͶľ˵Դ飬ľɲ⡣
Ǽƻ仯졭
ľɳԵıȶľ죬ڶľеĲ;֮󣬶ľɿŶľ۾˵ҽ쿴һǳķͼ㲻鱦رȤȻҾͰǸͼˣҪҪȥ鷿
ľľɵĻ֮һ𣬡ڣľָգָ˶ľ
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ѽ磬㿴ҿĵĶ֪˵Щʲôˣ
þУող˵һΪ㲻ϲľɿǰǸĶľʹľͷ߰ɣ
֪֮ĶľɵĶ͸ˡĿ˶ľһֶۣľûʲôԵĵط֮ĵһ
ľľɵ鷿ľͼ֮ɫ˲ˡ
˵֮ǰΣ඼ˡ磬ڵͼ˭ѽ
ĪôˣľЩ档
ûѽڵͼ̫ÿˣÿҶҪˡľԼŶľ˵
ÿͺã
š˵֮󣬶ľͿʼ۲Ƿͼˡ
ԽԽߣԼʫʱͼͼֻһ룬ͳˡ


124 ϸĽ

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Ȼ˵ͼ۸һ顣Щ˶˲ֶεõġҺԸҸôܲɫĸ߶ľأľǰķͼüͷ塣
һһֱ۲ľĶľɿľüͷϽ˵ͼʲô𣿡зǳ鱦츳˵ܸҴ˾ϲĽ
һɡľֶľ˼о̽ԵĿڡ
ţ˵Աšľǰһ濴ǰͼ˵
磬㿴Ҹоߵ·Щ̫ںϣǾЩֵֹġľָڲͼԼƵĵط˵ǶľҲû˵ͼڶе˿ȷʵġ
˵ľϸһ·жľ˵ָоҲȫȷԱöľ˵ȥ
ϸ֮Щ·ģҾرҹŴĻԪִԪںһ𡣻ǰգҾӵóƷٺܶرϵǰ˵ƾĪΪڼ˺ܶ
ľ˵˺ܶڵȱ㡣
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ȷܰһЩطر⣬ܲܽһ£ľָ棬˵
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У㿴ǰˣͼӼˣС˵˺ܶ࣬ǣ󲿷ֶֻظ˵ߵʱ򣬾ͻĿİͰͣһֱǿΪá
Ľ֮󣬶ľһ뷨Ǿͼԭ߲


125 Դʦ۸ң

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ǽԴʦ𣿡ľųȹ¥
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ãллʦľ˳֮󣬿ŽԴ˵ʦ緹ûг緹Ļһ԰ɣ
ˣллĺ⣬ʦԹˣȳ緹ȥһ㡣ԴָŻ԰Զľ˵
ãҳ극绰㣡
ã
Դ԰ΪͻΪ˿ľҽûں԰Ͼľεĵط԰ܽ
ʦֱϵطɣҳ극ˡڽԴ̽԰˼Ҫʲôʱ򣬶ľĵ绰ˡ
ȥ

һʱ֮󣬽Դʼˡ
㿴ʲô𣿡Դץסľ֣ľĻͳʵ
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СľվѾ׷ĽԴС˵
ʲô˵㣬ʤֻľڶȴû
ľû˵ֻǿʤеĺ档ʤиоԾתԼ濴ȥʤгĿ˽Դ


126 

ԴˣʤзֽԴ׷ľɵЩɻ
Դʦͣıҡľ˽Դǰ˵ΪӪһõЧ˼ᡣ
ʲôȻ飡ԴҺúýͽͣʤľ˵Ļ֮ŭԼСĸȻԴУҪúõĳͷԴ
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ʤԴĽ֮˳˼ô˵ĻҲе
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ľһͽ


127 ľ֪

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128 Դְ

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һﵽôǵ˶ľɣöľŭĸԼһͨ绰
ֱӰѽԴҸϳȥѾҪٿԴҵĹ˾档
ľüë壬żǿӲ˵ģûκܹתء
ôˣôˣʵµЧʻǷǳĲġ
ľڸͲ֪Դôǵλүˣһ䡣
ЩƷãǹɵٹǿҲûκεá
ЩǶľѾģѾḡ̲סĴżֵķŭ֪ԼûпĹ֮С
Դ˵˶̲סоŭĻЩȫ޷󵽵顣
ðɣֱ̾ӰѽԴˡ
ľж˼ֵΣλүȴҲûа취ܹ
ԴմմϲģΪڶľܿѾͷԼϣȴ֮УͻȻյڹ˾һϢ
Ѿˣ²Ķ
һϢ˽Դ΢棬гԾ
ҵʲô飬ǿҲһɰɡ
ԴѸٵİѵ绰˻ȥ΢ϼֽ˵
Ͼڻû뿪˾ڵĿ껹ûеسŵܾ׵뿪
Լʲô飬ѵԼ֪Ҳ֪㵽ôλܲõģֻȻ뿪ͱôķϻˡ
ľڵ֮д˼ֵĲͷԴκһĽͣǿӲ˵
˵˾ûκεɡ
ֻΪһ˰ɡ
ľ˵һ䡣
Դϵıͣһ룬뵽˶ľ
Ψһ˾Ƕľȴ֪ľȻ㿪Ȩ
ڵ֮Ҳ˼ֵķŭ
ƨ˾
ԴǻԹ޵뿪Ĺ˾


129 

ǣľɵģõľɸŲģһӵľĵ绰ͣظϡ
æϻصһžԷԼ̸֮⻹ڡ
߽ſڣľɲʤϤĵذοŶľ
ͱѹˣ´ҿԴһݺݽѵʤеߡ
ţҲѹֻﻹе㲻
˿̶ľ£Ʋ㬵صͷ
վĶľ仰ﲻסתŰ߽ȥ
һˣû°ɣ
ľһ͹С
ˣ
ľϲŶľɣ˫ԭʧỨ
ӵĻУʱܵǿҵİȫУ૵ûµģõʱҷӦ飬ûռˡ
˶ľ仰ľɵ˵ףյҲƽ
ʤȴԾɶԴ˷׷ײƽ֮ǰûѶľ˵£ڵ֪ԣе龪һ
ûռҲܾôˣҾȥۣҾͱʤüë
ľûӦֻḧŶľĳĵİο
ʵľǰֲֵܱ̫죬ҲֻȻᡣ
»˰ɣҲˣ
ľС죬ͬһܾȣСӡ
ľҲеȻʤв֡
ͷίְֵСľ۲ѣҧҧ޺޵˵Ҳκ˺ģԺԽɡ
ԣľɫ΢ɫ¶Ŷľɷʣң
ãȻģľɷŭΪЦɫ͵ѯʣôǲǶҵĽѧлɣ
䣬һԵʤбڴ
Դأͬʱеŵľ֪ܵҵҪŵڶû˸ŵһеţ
ʤ컨׹Ŀһľ̲סεĿԼʾǫ
˵ôţ˸ֻⷽȽóѡľһǫĽͣһ߻ʾʤвҪ˵ȥ
ľȴýζԼĽͣǼⷽš
ǼȻԺɴҵʦɣҵĿʤ


130 ʦ

ΪЦĶľ̵ģϵЦݳ˶ڷ˵ĳ롣
û⣬Ҿ͵ͽԺʦ̭ˣΪʦ
ľɿЦˣæ˳Ļ˵ﳹ˿
ʱһ䣬ڶľɺʤеĿ֮£ľҲ߳Ӱ
ǶڶľҪԽ鱦ƣľεļ
峿һ㾶ľɵķ䡣
ŽѸ֮Χڶľɵߣ
磬Ӧʦûǰɣľݵ
ľɲ˼ĵͷȻûǣҪһ¿γ̡
һ⻰ľʱϲ⣬˸ϲõĹâ
̫ˣԺҾͽʦɣɴ಻д
ЦеӴ覣ͬ͵ĳذġ
ãֻϿεʱƺƽʱ㻹ǽҸɡ
ľȻʧЦȻҶԼǸɵӣȴöľŮӡ
һϣľʱ̶ڶľɵԣͬʱѯ˺ܶϵ⡣
ЩżʣľȻԴҲľӰ塣
Թ緹󣬶ľ׼ȥ˾ϰ࣬ǶľɲŸ硣
ǾͿʼϿκòãҸһʱ׼ľҡļ
ľʵܲõĴߴ٣ҲֻʱӦ
εЦЦصǺðɣڹ˾кܶ๤ҪҿԳݵʱ䱸Ρ
˵ڹ˾æľһ̽ѯʣȻ繤æɴҸȥ˾ˣҲһѧϰĻأԸְæ
˵ľɶԴ˻еԥջǴӦȴȥ˾Ϥһ»
漴һȥ˾ľܻһȫȫˣƾǰѾ߱רҵ֪ʶǿʤһְ
ʱ̣ľɾȵķԶԼиӴǽ칫ҡ
ţľóƷԽá
ǹ˾ļԭ壬ؼҿһ£Ϊο߽ľ˼Ŀڡ
ӹԭ壬ľⷭһۣ⼸Ʒȷʵ졣
ʱͻȻðһ뷨ԼҲӦóԽ


131 ľĴŮ

¾֮󣬶ľ΢΢һЦŶľɿݵӣԼĵ뷨˵
磬ȻҿƸ壬˳Ҳһɡľǫѷִš
ʵľҲд⣬˵뷨ıϣˬĴӦ
û⣬㿴Щԭ֮󣬾ͰԼ뷨һҿɡľɴǹŹ΢Ц
ľ˵񣬵Ϊ˱Լһöر˶ľɼż⡣
һƲ
صܶľɺæµǳո˵һÿΡ
඼ϵ֪ʶԿγ̺ܿˡ
˵ľڴϷȥ˯ţӶһ
Ȳϵĺá
ڴϵĶľ͵͵ﵽľɵ鷿򿪵ԡ
һֱҹ˯ѯ鱦صϡ
ڶľǰ츳Ժ֪ܶʶҲ׾ٵա
֮ļÿ춼ڶľɵңöҲһ빫˾
ٽ°ʱ䣬ľڰ칫ڶԶľĥӲݡ
ʦϿһòãЦӯӯֺõѯʡ
ľĿǰʱûзαװֻΪ鱦֣ѧϰĽȺܿ졣
ȻԣֻҪܹˣԸƽѧ̸㡣ľˬʵЦݡ
ʵԶľŬѧеο
Ŷľɵˬ죬ľϲѣÿ֮ʼ
Ͽγ̽ľٴΪ˷ܶʧߣȴľ˯֮鷿
һأ
ǰľŹ˾ڲԭʡ
ȻѾӵƻΪһӦãЩ衣
⼸жľɵϤĽ̵ʰǰļ䣬ͬʱҲƻ
Ķľ˼һһ챦ʯ
óֽͻʣһ˼һʻƲͼ
֪Уҹĵ٣Ƕľɾе˼ƺ챦ʯϡ
ʱľɴϴּպÿ鷿Ȼ΢ĵƹ⡣
Ѿͷô˯ľüͷںߵſڡ
鷿ﾲƿţ͸ϸСŷ쿴ڷͼ
ʲôľʡ


132 챦ʯ

Զľŷ羹Ȼվ鷿⡣
ʦôˣ۾ͬ¶㵵񣬡ҡڻͼ
ľû뵽öԣʱĻȤæ˽ȥ
ҿ㻭ôȻЦЦԳ߹
ľӰȻе㲻˼æְϵĻס
㲻ҪˣֻǲͼһûлأշһĨߴ̬
ǶľȴƽӹִΪİοʲô㻭ĲҲЦģ˵㲻ǽʦ𣿡
˵գŶľ񣬴ֽ
ԭľΪõƷӦþСӵĻȻֽ˲¶˼ı顣
㻭ģŵá
ľЦţżֵƤһĻ˭
ľɵĿþͣڻϣľƺʵĻ滭ף챦ʯʵغĽʸм棬ɫʴҲǡô
֮⣬Ϊ֮޵ǣƸҲǹŵִߣͬʱ鶯Ϣ
һ˶ԣƷ˸еޡ
ĬƬ̣ľŻ̧ĿҵãȻûʧ
ллʦһŬģ
ľôߵۣȻЦװˣȴһ
ʱѾıöľɿƷۼ෴Ĺϸϻ覴á
˵ľûῴģ
ڷֹľȻ翪ԼƷ
ƷȻƸкܺãǻһЩƾ֮ôһ㡣ľš
ľɻû˶ɥʵľȴԸˡ
ûа׷һƬģ㱻ľɿڡ
޸һ£Ȼʦָҡľ˼ͷ¶һݡ
õе㺦ߣľ뵽ľڸҪϿɡ
æĿڲ˴һ㲻ܹ֮ﵽˮ׼ģҲûмˡ
һܵĳޣľżֵ⣬ϻ


133 Ʒ

Ϊ˸ͶǱƺ챦ʯڶľڼ
Դ˶ľɸ֧֣ȴ»һһģһĲݸ塣
ۼŸԼĳŽİľеĪ
ϣ¿ӣľɳԹ׼ϰ࣬æס
ȵȣΪʲôҪҵĲͼ߰ľɻʡ
ľͣϵĶͻĻش𣺡ƵĲͼ׼ڰ칫ҳղ
ԣľ̲סڿڶЦֻһݲͼѣԺ󻹻ửܶģʲôղصļֵ
Դ˶ľɲΪȻгĻص˭˵ûмֵԺΪ缶鱦ʦĴŮΪܶ˶صƷ
Լģľϲ֮໹Գһ
ͱҿЦˣڵֻǳΪһʦ缶붼û
ǶľȴϣľܹӵиԶ룬صվǰ˵еģֻҪŬһ
Ĺöľ˵ĸжӿһҸС
Ը˰ɣϣܽ缪ԣΪ缶鱦ʦľüĻص
ö˽̸Ƭ̣ľɱƲݸȥ˾
ľڼ»ƺ챦ʯͼ
һϵϢǷݲͼĻģµҲӽȥ
ͬʱִ﹫˾Ķľɿʼ׼ÿᡣ
Ȼͬ׼ҪŹ˾ڶ߲ʦ棬չʾõݸ塣
鿪ʼľɽǰһܵĸϺ󣬲Ĵļóͼ
Ҹλչʾһݹ˾Ʋͼľɲ
һ׷¶ڴı飬ҲƲ͡
ҵĿⶼԼϣľɽͼͶӰϣͨչֳ
ݸ׼ΪһƷλʲôľѯʻϵˡ
ˢˢĿŴϵĺ챦ʯȻֻûʻƵģ
һʱҶȵ̾ҲǰĪ
ȷ˾ʦڶ࣬Ҵ඼ǶѧԺϵۻȻ޿ޣȻƽƽ


134 Īľ

챦ʯƸ壬ǽ˾ϿɶߵһƷ
ܼȷ̾
ͣǰ֪ǹ˾λʦƷ

ľ治ڶ֮ԣȻΪ⣬׼õֵ
ϾľԼˣֱֵ̫ףԿ֮ӡ
ͣ룬ľͳҵöľ֣鱦ƺܸȤϾ֮Ʒ
һʱ۷׷ףҶûϵ߾ȻǽոڶľߵǸСŮ
ԭðѹˣ˾Ҿ;رܼάĿޡ
ľֻǫһЦ̸ϣרҵʦ
ʱһ˾߹Ĵָҡͷ͵רҵģҿԳΪǹ˾ϯʦˣΪļƷ϶Ϊ
ԽԽ̨࣬µĪȴһֱһﲻ
˽кõԽ࣬ĪԽͶȥۡ
ҲϿƷһ߾ȻǶľͶʱС
˾߹ܵĹάĵЦһ˰ɣһѣˮƽϯʦóܼԺôڹ˾
ʱһߵ֮ʣͻȻ˷ԵĻһӾ
ܼЩΣֻñÿ˵ƷͬˣбȲġ
ľɵĳֻҵȴܵĪǿҼʣɫ䣬ֹرͶӰǡ
ˣĻ͵ݲͼʱϣиõƷǵƷƸлľɵһ˿ͷ
ܽϣľź챦ʯͼתߣŲͿĪڶԼ
ȻԴ޶ãޱضĪעӣ뿪ҡ
쵽ľЩĪҲû˵ȥȴʮ
߳ңһԼİ칫ķһ߻룬ǰʱľԼڳﲻ
ߣ˾ϯʦڣͨʦҲɣ
ĪԸ̣ۼŶľɶԼ䣬Զľĺ
֮ǰ£һҪҸúýѵһ


135 ȥ

ʱ佥Ĺȥ
ĪڷصţĽ֪ΪΡ
òͨ˵¶˾ҪȥҶľɣȴڳȥ·Ϸ˵С鷳
ôŲ˶أ˵⻰ǲ֪ðһλ衣
ûи׵ʲôͱһЦĽһ䡣
ûжЩǲǸˣ
λǵһš
ŪĽβ֮Ҳʲôԭ
е
ֵȥֻĪһԭãš
ʲô˶У
Сֹ䡣
һתһҸ߼д¥
Īʱվߵ¥У¥зĪĳɾ͸С
ĳʦ߹ʱûȶԷȿڣȷˡ
ʲô
ʦ˾䡣
ôæȥʲôģ
û£ˡ
䣬ĪƹǰˣֱŰ칫ҵķȥ÷ܵĻش
ľмϡ
ļȥɣ
Ϊĸٳûɻ̧ͷĪһüͷɫ̫á
ô
һڱʡ
Ҳǹ۷ڵ̬ôôأĪ²۵
ľֻǺһЩеḶ́ûϸ
Լ˽Сʱ
ʱҲࡣ
ߵһ˳ȥ棡ͻȻ
ӵĿ⽫ȫ´һ飬ܾﲻ̫Ծ
㵽ЩʲôϷ
װӣʾľĳЩطԩ
ԼҲ룬ƽ㶼ڰ칫洦Ź£ôܻʱľȥأ
ĪȻô˵ţû
칫ҵһȽš
ľǲͬ⣬ǰ÷顣
Ҳǳں
ǲЭģ㻹Ǻúɣ
Į˵š
Ī֪ûϷˣһֱﲻߡ
ԺͻȻһ뵽˱顣
ľɣҲ֪ϴηĴжôĴ󣬵ʹдģҪҼƽϲͺˣ
˵ߵĸǰ˵š
ľɴһףļҪ߳ȥ
ԾһڣҪ뿪
վסҸúýľɣ˵


136 ˳ȥ

ȻǶˣתɳ棬ӸµĿʾ
ϴε飬Ҳ֪ҵĲԣֻľú棬˳ΪһεǸ
ĪҪƤӶ˵ˡ
һֱûзӦ
Ҳ׶ľΪʲôҪôǸˣ
кðɣֻᶼһ°ɣ
ʱĶľɿʼԥ
Ī˲䱻ŪĶ֪ôˡ
ֻľԱ߻ȥģűϵ¥ȥ
մ˻ʱʱĺһײɵӣҪ仯ࡣ
ĪȥվڶľɵԱߣʼͷ
֪˵ЩʲôֻĬĬվš
ҪʲôͻȻ˺ܴ졣
ʱ칫ҴʱûرˣĪε΢һ΢ʾãǶľȴ͵һ֣ܵĳ֡
ҾһǸѵ𣿡
Ī˵һ䣬ɫһ˿̫顭
͵ĳһС˼Ͷľɱһľ롣
ľֻ𣡡ľԥԥ˵š
Ավ˺ܾõĶľ
ʱĪʲô˼һ֮
Ҿȥ
ľĳļ̌ͷһۣƺЩ̫ס
Ҿķ羰ҲͦõģȥվҲи˴棬ֶΪأ
Ȼôġ
ľɵһֱ֮ص
ĪҡҡͷʾҲûб˼ҡ
аɣȻľҲ㣬·ʱעⰲȫ
ҲЭҪ뿪ʱ˼䡣
û뵽ľĴӦֱԤϡ
ӻҪװһµġ
㲻᲻ҵİɣһΪһεе˱Ǹԭҵİɣ
鶼Ѿˣôܻʲôأ
ľô˵š
˿ϵܺõӡ
ľҲ˲١
ΪϴһڰӦòˡ
ľʵԥһ̣ѾյĽ䵽ʱЩվ
Ī˼Ҳǲġ
ǾͳȥɣľڿԷ𣿡
˵֮󣬴Ŷľ뿪
ľɿ˽нԶıӰרĵĴͷ顣
Ҳֶ⡣
Ӧò⡣


137 

ıֵģǲ֪ΪΣȴĲС
һȴ̫õĶ
ϣͷһĺղžЩʲôƵģ
еҲЩͳ˴۵С۵ģ涼֪Щʲô
ΪʲôղŲһ
Īаղŵģֱ׵˵˳ġ
Ǻûļ
ľԱĬĬĵͷǧֻ֪˵ڡ
Ŷľûлشö⡣
Ķȥ
һӵķӦ
ȻǸɵӣʲôҪԹԵ˵ȥ 
氵˼ʱ
Īתʱֿٵĵͷʲô鶼ûз
ô˵ȻǸɵӡ
ĪźܲԶŶľ˵ǽֵĿⶢ
ǰȻͶľɵĹϵϺãʼΪľӲ
ɵӣ
Īķ
Ŀ⵱дſ˴ûпҲֻжԶľС
㿴ûǸ
ľһ£ҡҡͷôΪľװɵ㶰ɡ
ĪҸλš
ȥǸɣȤء
Ҳᡣ
ľڵɫ԰ף˵ĻҲɳơ
ֻϸֱܷ˵Щʲô
ôأ㡣
ĪĿⶼЩ̫Ծ
ȱߵֲȭͷ
Ǻܺѧġ
ô˵š
ʵʵϻкܶණû졣
ľҲǹװɵӶѣ֪İϷȥ𴩶ѡ
Ÿոտʼ
и㲻ΪʲôĪϲ顣
ĵطľε̾˿߽
㿴ȥȲȶѣûµġ
Īûн˵꣬ľͿʼˡ
ʱͣĬ
һ˲û˵ԶԼ¡
ԣڲȲȣء
Īֱӷ˻Ҫ˵һѾܾˡ
ľķȥˡ
е˲䰲
Ǳһ㡣Īָš
ΪľӲãƭڿͺеûȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵Ļ
뵽Īࡣ
ʵľװģ뵽˶Բߡ


138 ư

ãĪŶľ֮
ȥĵطɡ
ĪڵվĶ˵
ľ߹дһ˿˷ܡ
̫ˡ
˵˵ţʹŶľ뿪
ҺһҾưɡ
ĶЩٹˣȨƵġ
Ȧӡ
Ī˽ʲô𣬽첻Ϊ˴
ľװܺµӡ
ʲôط
ĪĬĬ˽治֨Щ˲ûע⵽
˵ʲô
ղŵעȫԱߡ
Žôأ
ԺѾŰɡ
ڹؼʱ뵽һЩӡ
һ֮һЩԳԵĶߵľǰ
Ŷľ棬ɫ԰㲵ӣĪҲûв̫ܡ
Ȼʱڸ㡣
ʵɻһЩ˽ĵġ
ôԭȫΪ֮ǰ飬κĪԼôԭʲô
һﰦ̾
ľȻûкȶ࣬ǿͺ
ĪⱲӶ뵽Լᱻ˸·ˣصһСʱǰ
ưɶ췭ˣûҵľټ
뵽Ǹ̨
ԭطüʱ
Ī̾һ˵¡һƣ
ʵ̫ڼ˵ĻЩ̫ȫ
һԵĶľһˣȻóĪ˼
һ仰û˵Īô
ǵģȵ¡
û뵽ʱ͵һԼԴ
һ˴ʱΪʲôȫŵŲ˽
ӳıϤӡ
˵ϱûһ˿ĺΡ
ˣĪָָľ
ɽ˵Ļһ˵ĵը˿
ô£
ǰ̨רŵƵġ
ľʲôģȻ뵽Щ
ûСһвԼҪľҪҸæ£һ
Ī˵϶ģ˺óһʱŽ˵ȫ
Ϊľ
ߵǰ棬һֱĪʮֹⲻȥ
Ϊĺ󾢴󣬵Īǵˡ
һûϵ
Ī˵
ȵԺʱĪûԼôһ죬ǺڵǶľǸɵӡ


139 

ⶫú𣿡
úȡ
ǾͶȵ㡣
õģлл̡
Ⱒ̵ĳƺģĪ˵ͦʵġ
ڵѾǰˣɾûб䣬ܺȻܺȡװģ
һһǺܸߣǼ۸Ĺ󡣶Īемܲס
ôҲû뵽Сƺȥϴּʱôණ۸ðǡ
⺢Ϊأ϶
ܾͲˣǳˡ
ľЩҲǺֻܶǿžƵ۸㣬ȻѾ˴ˣܵøʲôɡ
˵ʵǲǶԽʲô
ˣôأôá˶ġ
⻹Ҫ˵һġϾʱƤǿԾ˵ģľ仰Ƿӵͦ쾡µġ
ʲôǾȻһ仰ȥˡ
Ӳİ벿ʵȫ»ȥˣоָܱо˵ľǺܡ
˵һ仰ͻȻ˴֮˵ڵһ֣˺ѽܡ
ԣ˵
ⶼǸѧģ˵Ҳܺ

ŮѾ޵ˡ
˵ܶˡ
Ƕľ̫˵ˣԼ̫ûˣоĿڲźеȲ
Ī̬ȶľò֣ϾһƸһ˭ó
ڶôҲܱһӡԼֻǸСĪʲôأľбҪҪһ£ھ͵һβӲԵˣԷһ
ʱʱ̿ҪΪԼϾһѾܹô˺صޡ
¸һ»ȥĻᣬյĻͦɸֵˡ

ľ۾һգһգĿộ
֮ǰҶ̬Ȳ̫ãҾӦøǸĪգգ۾ȴκεĵ
⻰ʱľһ£ŮҲ϶Բ𣿡ڶ˵Բ𣿡
ǵģڶ˵Բ𡣡
ľƵֺǺЦЦڰ֣ðɣҽĵǸˣǰԺҪҷƢŶͲÿˡ
õء


140 öľؼ

ŮﶼԼ뷨ͬ˭˵Ůһ̨ϷģʵֻҪܴһܸһʵһҲܸ˵ֻ˵ǵڰˡ
ľٲװĻ¶Ͳ̫ˣ֪Īʲô
˺ܶǺܸߵľƣſȻװ˯
ĪöľˣԾȥ
СӲԾĪһ£Ȼ˵ԼҪؼҪҸ硣
ҪҸҡʪǼװģûκεô
Ī㰡
֪ǰֻ̣Ҹ磬ҡ
ȴؼҺòã֣
ҪҼңҲҡ
ѾֵزˣŲöľȥġ
ô˼ôܻöľô׾ٵؾͻȥܵðԼòſ԰ɡ
ˣҴؼҡ
Ҫһؼңƭң
ƭ㣬ģʹؼҡ
˵˵ŰС̴ؼĪԼ̫ˡûоÿһ˻ؼҾȻôۡ
ľñ˱ĸоˬ
ʵߵһʱͷͲǻؼҵ·
Ŀĵʲô
ĪѶľڿͷȻϱӾ߳ȥˡ
ӦҪľɴһкһľÿطˣָЩʲôأ
ϾǸʲôԽһ㣬ǸϽ绰
úչҪǳʲô飬֪Լĺʲô
ôأҿ϶úչġ
ҿɾֻһáľ˱йˡ
Ǹ˺ݻڸǹϵܺõˣûбҪϻֻ̫࣬Ҫ˶չһϾͿˡ
ĪҶϵ绰󣬻صͷһ¶ľӱߵһԵʱ߹ȥѱӸǺãȻգȷ˯֮׼ȥ
Īȥ֮󣬶ľ۾һܣʮ峺жĮ
Ȼ룬ĪȻ
Ůˣ֪Լ˭ʵ֮󣬻᲻˵ĶԴԼأ
ľ֪һ뷽跨۸ԼĴۣ


141 ҹ

Īһſ²ţɵӴľˣӰԼء
Ǹľ˯Ļ㰲ȡû̫ڣԼ˵ӵ⣬ÿķ
ĪССһᣬŶľѯ˼ľϢЩİֻһߣŸ첲
Ůÿϱ̣ϴ
ҹɫϴּڴԡ
һᣬĪ͹ԡ˳ױ̨ǰžӣϰڷƿƿ޹ޣͿĨ
ıǮĪĺܡ
Ϳһƿ˪ĪžԼľգ̾
̽Сվֽ̧⿪ͷɢѹǰԡ۽⿪ӵһߣһ˿˯ȹϣķȥ
ƵĿؾڴͷϷߵƿӣְ¿أһ´˴ɺá
ݾͬҪ
ҹɫʣھףĪ˯İȻ
һСľʼƤζ£۾һ˫ӣڰڵķԵø峺͸
ĪӦ˯˰ɣľתӣɵĿ⿴ſڴ²⵽
˵ţӳ˴
ת־ܴ򿪣ȸһƬĪҲûа⡣
ľȷĪѾ˯ˣҲŵǰ̽ߵĪƵ鷿ſڣͣ½Ų
ľŤͷɨһһûκζ̽žȻûһš״ˡ
ȻĪһɵĶľûκηĵġ
ľ˳鷿潫סɫӳһ˿⣬鷿İ趼ܿ
ֱȥҷŵĪͼֽȵȣ¹⣬ſ˿Щƽ㣬޴¡
ƾЩ⣬Ҳ˼Գʦ
ľһͷļų⡣
ĪҲûɣľţȥԡ
һק˳
ðɣûСʱ˿̣Լɵӵݡ
ɵõıɫ
Ȼ򿪣ʼ淭ҡ
ļó򿪣Ķʵ𾪺ߡ


142 Ѷ

ļװȫԼͼһһѪŬ
ĪŮˣȡ˵ĴѪռΪУǱֿɶ
ľһͼ壬ߵþòƽ
ʹ侲ԼƵͼȫ˳Сķŵ棬ֽյļȥѳ¹غá
滹м룬ʫһһʣµӦöĪԼͼ壬ΪȽƷɡ
ΪмͼľŻôҲһʵɣЩƣ֮ǰ˵ǾͲԶˡ
ԣǸûпɱԡ
ľԼ뷨߲࣬ɲһǰ㡣
⼸ͼ壬ϸ꣬óĪʵƳƷѾΧڵļ˰ɡ
ʫſţһתԴͻȻðһ뷨
𴽽һЦֽϡ
ȻĪϲԱ˵Ĵ⣬߱˵Ʒֻඡ
ľĪƵͼ壬ŵһߣַ˷𴦣ûʲôˡ
鷿ʱ䲻ˣѾջ񣬾Ͳٴȥˡ
뵽Īʱ򷢾ԼƸ嶪ʧɫľ;ʹ죬ѾЩڴˡ
ľ뿪鷿֮ǰָԭĪͼҲԭ˳źãһ󣬲ŰԼ֮ǰͼ׼ߵĪͼһպñ˳ȥ
ɼžһƬľغ鷿ţҲŻĪԼپסķ䡣
ֻڣסĪңЩһҪҸȫɿĵطغòУ򲻾ǰˡ
վ룬һ˴𰸡
ΣյĵطȫĵطǡǡҲ۵ĵطòصĪһõ
ľĽȥͼ
һи㶨ڿԻȥˡ
ҹĵģҲָ֮ǰİݡ
ľڴͷ˼ȥһ⣬ʼѰԼֻ
ĪչƺԼԼװ֮ǰԼƷװڰźùԼˡ
ڣɫԼڣ߹ȥóֻ
ĻֱӴͨѶ¼ĵһǶľɵĺ롣
ûκγɵģֱӵ϶ľɵĺ룬²
ĵȴԷͨ


143 磬ұ۸

ҹľ˯뵽˻ʱԼ
ֻͻȻǵ䲻˸飬۾ŭ
뿴˭ôĵӸҳϢ
ľɱѾ˵׼ɵֻǶľһ㶣ѾĻȥ
Ӵӽ˵绰
ôˣ
ľ绰Ǳ߳ٳûнﲻЩΪľǰֻ
ֱ绰ͳʱĲŷ
ľ΢£ûһŴ硢磬Ҳˣؼҡ
һһĻﲻǵöľüͷ壬޷ĪڵʱԶľʲô顣
ľһһЩĻԺС
˵ô¡ƫͷ˿賿
ľգ̲סһĨȣľϹˡ
ΪԼݵĸʵһЩԼĴһȸղĻҪӿ
˵Ҫȥ棬ȥһرֵĵط˴ɫģҿ裬ҵ˼еϡ
ľһҲһߴӴʼſӣȻľ׼ȷ˵ǸطܹȷģĪȥĵطȻʲô
ϣǣǸ˲ٵľơ
ľҵ˾ô۸ģ
ھȥ㡣ľɴ·Կ׿첽ߡ
ľϸŵ绰һͷԿϸ΢ײϵЦݸ˼֡
ڡ磬ҵͷΰô£㻹˵ϲĻʱ˵ţöľɽµĲӸǿ˼֡
ľɵŭȼϼʻλ˵ǹԹԱ𶯣Ͼ͵
ȶľٿڣֱӹҶ˵绰Ӳٶȱ۶ȥ
ľֻﴫæǵóѵĹâ
ҲҪĪûͣ
ֻŵһԣȫɵڴϷ˼ȦŴ
ľľɸʱ䣬ӦûмӾ͵ˣǻڴһĺϷء
۾СһȻոձ۾ûãһ󼱴ٵ


144 Ӣ۾

ľϵЦţҲųȥȻڴϡ
Ѿ˯µĪͻȻһ֪˭ʱ
ᣬɶԷвŲͣļƣĪ̾˿ε´ҵȥš
˭ϡľ磿ôˣĪѴãҪǲʶ˶ʹһ̧һǰŸĶľɣһ˵
ľۿһֱ˽¿˿ûжľӰߵĪǰʵġ
Ī΢΢죬ӣЩ⡣
һҲǾľͬİôڿѶľ۸ӵأ
ȻҲ˵㻵£Ҳҹɡ
ĪҪѯʣɿ飬Щָָľ˯ķڷ˯أҿеˣȴϢˡ
ľ˵ڣֱʵǲǸȾˡ
Īһ죬ϳֻҵ顣
˭ģľ˯뵽״
Īεˣ״ľ
ǣľ磬˵ҿľе棬Ҿѯ£ͷҲͬİĪЩеĽţ˼ɵİˮȫõ˶ľϡ
ǶľǸɵӣ˵ʲôҲֻǷԷĻҲ»¶ڡ
ľɳŸĻеŭʢЩ
Լôܲգôȥֳ
ľ磬ദôã㲻ܲңҴľԼһԴôܻʲôõء
Ī޶ԣҧҧӲǼ˼ᣬĿ
ı鲢ûöľɲϧ
ľ˵ֱĪ̲סĺ˼
Īˣŵһ̣ûд˵ÿһ仰Խǲ˵൱ڳԼԶľʲô顣
һģžǰץסľɵĸ첲˵ľ磬㲻ң֪Ҷ⣬ôܻʲôء
ľɵͷ΢ģЦһ
Ҫõԭ£ǵͲҪõ
ã˭۸


145 ס

ľɺ˦֣תŶľϢķȥɫĮĻš
ŭȫĪļ仰
ľһֱŶֱŲƽŻԼѾ˯״̬
ľֱӽŴ򿪣ɨһȦϵĶľ߱ͣϡ
˯ţŭµĲӻǷ࣬ߵľʱӡ
ѡ
ûöľܹ΢ܹŵһ˱ǵľζ
£Ҳʱʧľ
ľһֱŶľɵҪļƣæ첲װոձѣԺ˵˭û˯𡣡
ľɲôֱ࣬ӽק𣬳սֵúÿ˭
ľۿȥ۱Ŵ׼Ҳⱻһ
ظ磬ˡ
ľɺúýѵһ֪ߵغҪڣȴڻĪļУ˿ڣǿӲĽľק˴
Ьӣһؼҡ
ľ֪ԼܲһҲˣӣԹԵĻ
һֱڿȺĪڳǰѯʣɿľһ֪飬㶣еô»еͿˡ
ľھĪʱûκεͣûж
˻ص󣬶ľɰŸһֱǰ
ڸʻλϵĶľĿһۣɫԣҲ죬ɲײǹϡ
ɶľﻰ㣬˵֪𡣡
ʲôľȻ֪ԼĴ󣬿ڻֵܱ̫˳š
Ī˵ʲôʲôסĪնľԺ󲻹˭ʲô㶼ҪȥĻʹ绰ң֪𡣡
ľɵɫǺЩ˵ţŵ㣬뵽ڵֻ̻̫ܹ˸˼˵š
֪ˣ硣
ľɵӦţľɫźÿЩֻе˵ܹģȻȥ֮󣬶ľɾͽľͽ˷ȥ˵ҪúԼ״Ķˡ


146 ²

û˼ɳϵĶľɺȻڡ
ľŲһ٣ƲƲ죬εߵԣҪʱľɿڵ𣬸վţ
һվ˱ֱ
磬ۡľɲվ̫ʱ䣬գգ۾ί˵š
ľɿҵģǱЦڵ㻹֪ۣĪȥʱôۣȾƣҿǷˣ
Խ˵Խ²輸ľ޴첻ǵöľµĶ˶ӡ
ľͷ͵ĸЩٶ˵һ֣ľڱŭڼ䣬ʱܹȼıըͰ
˳Ĭڼ䣬һĨͻأ֡
ôˣҹĲ˯ݵһôһζȥˣľٿڿʣӱˮȴһ̧۾Ϳˡ
߽˿ˣɻ
ľɿһǻҵ˼£漴ڵĪӷɺú˵˵ĪһܴȥһЩĵطҪѧȥԼѧ
ľոµĲУôֺĪϹϵˣ
ʲô°˵˵ȻҾȥ˼һֲĺ˼˵ˣĪӷɿܱһ¡
ľߵľߣҪ£ľҲվۣ˳ƸžҪɿľվıֱ
ô˵ô˵Īĺܣ
ľһѶľ߸
ľټؿƿʼ磬εã֪ˣҺȿˮͻȥ˯ˡ
תȥֱĽŲԶľŽ·˶ľϡ
֪ˣ
֪ˣ磬һû˯
ľʶʱĵͷϲס˵۵Ļ
ҪľɶΪѶľϾԼΣ׷Ź
ҪסڵĸоⶼµĺԺҲϣٿӣ֪𡣡
ľͻȻôô˵ϧ
Ķ䶼Щˣɻװͷģֻĵͷ
طú÷ʡһ£Ҫǻ֪ڸģͱĺݣľɼʵЩֲסֻðѺݻ˵š
õģ硣ľʹ죬һ̾ߣɲٸܵŭˡ


147 ͸

ߺߣҶǶСģľЦкǵ⡣û뵽ʩСƾöľɾͷʵȤ
Ī㻹Nɪôҿôճ
һССļıֵò췭ظʮֵĵ⡣ҲǸոտʼںء
ľſĶס֧䡣
ǵģô˵³çأϵİһΪʲô¶أСԡ
ʤе֪۲ѣΪľ˾ƣǸġЬľķſȥȴľס
ܣԼúõķʡʡľɵе䣬üͷ壬ƺܲƵġ
ָⴥʤȵƤʶջ֣ƺܲϰߴһ㡣
̫Ϳˣô˵ĶԴأʤ˲˿˿õ˵ɣҿǲϲá˵öõģҿЩСӲá
ʵҲֶľɣ˭ϲɵӣ
ѽɱִˡҪͥսˣľٸæǰֹҪǸ˼ġ
ľٸϽľһϴ
ԣľգգ۾ԼָڣЦ˵ɵģ۸˶֪
ľɵѾͷǱźɸֵ̬ȣãԸȥᡣ
⻰ʤŵ˲ͬѰζüͷѯţʲô¶
ʤвǺͿģȻᣬҲ֤ǸģҲ˵ǸɵӡǸǵĸװˣԴ֮һԼİ취
Ů۸ôһҪһس
˵˵أ˵һƴڶľɵϣŭĿӡ
֮ദһֱӣԲûʲôԾġ
֮󣬶ľɽдµ˵˳֮ʤľٵɫòÿ
ҲӦܵίȻԡľɳ˵
硣ʤŭĿľɣתͷľţһۡɫ˲
˵¶أұӦùܵģԵҶ¶Ƶġǽܱ۸ҲҵĴûܺ磬һĶεģϲá


148 

һ뵽ľͳճɵɵģҪ׸۸;ĸ׵ûλ
ʤоԼĴˣԶľĹ̫ˣȻûܵ˴ί
һسӣһǵ衣ͣ
ˣǶȥϢɡڰڵ绰ǰڳһҪ绰ơ¶أĪ۸áǳ֮ĶԻˣȥ˯ɡ
裬ɣľپе˰ɡ
Ů֮ĳܿܶʱģô˭۸˭أ߶Ҷѿ
Īӷ֮ôһŮӳܣܲӰˡ
ˣⶼô¶Ů֮¶ˡȰʤеĶ
˵Σʤеɫе
Ůҳӣѵ۸ô
ǲǾ뿴ñ۸׵ˡһ˵òþˣô㶼ϲˣ
찡ϴˡ
һҰľͲ¡
Ů˵ǷѾͨԼҲˡ
裬ˣ˵Īĸĸ˵¶ͱ˵ìܣأҸĪӷɻǺܺõѡʱĹϵҲദ
ľͷǺþ͸ղţ뵱ȥͲôһ㡣
û¶һȥĪӷ˵¶úùܹĪô
ǧҪǧҪĶ
㿴¶ҪʤаƤ߸˶ľɣϾǸɿˡľҲǲ׵ġ
Сӣ첲աһ۶ľ١
ľƵĿľɣüŪ۵ģϣܰ˵
~ľγƵ˵ҲҪ̶Ȱľٵİɡ
ŶľЦЦӡĪԶľʲôɲô׵ˡˡ
ãǾ˰ɡʤȻﻹǲҲͷͬʶĿŶľķţֻ۲ѡ
ԾڷڵĶľԼǻˣԹ壬˶ľǸԼ˵ذ
ˣǸ˻˵ӣǺȶء
ˣźáһЦݣҲ˿˿ġ


149 øľһ

ľʤн˵ĲˣԱɫصĶľţǲͨĪӷɵĵ绰
˵ĹϵԭʮֲҲΪˣĪ飬Ӧ֪֪
ʱĪϼƻͨ
ĪҪһ˾ĿĪϿʮҪҺڿ빫˾򣬰չΧйϵÿ˶СΪԼʧ󣬽˵Ѫ˷ˡ
Īϼܲð칫ҡ
Īӷɿϵļüͷģͬ
ƽʱѾڼˣⲢζڹģƽﶼһеĹŻȥֻǽ¶ûôס
Ǹܲöκ鶼ҪʮĪϲܸһĽȻһεĺ
Ҫ֪Īϲ൱һϣ֪ϵĵλҵȦжôǿľҲ
һûᣬĪӷɲҪĪҲܹᡣ
ƫƫʱֻͻȻĪӷɵ˼üͷֻ桰ľ١֣üͷԽԽԼ̫Ѩͷ۵
۾һ֮Īӷɽ˶ľٵĵ绰٣¶ȥĪиĿڻڼӰء۾ʱϢ
˵״̬ˣƽҲһȥ棬ʤ
յ˶ľٵĵ绰֮Ҳ͸𰸡
δ룬һ֮󣬶ľżĪӷɣҿǷˣҽ첻ǽȥģһΣϴ¶ˣľٵżǺ޲ó嵽Īӷǰѵһ١
ľ˵ĻĪӷԭһָ̬ˡ
ϴ¶ˣڹ˾æôʲô¶ˣüͷǲ֪Ϊʲôл
˽ľˣ˵ĹϵãƽʱȻЦȴ鿪Ц
Ѳɣʲô¶ɣ
ȻˣʲôˣҲ֪𣿡ľֻͷε̾һ뵽ҲֻĽӶľɺͶľ˿е֪ĹϵĪô۸˶ľԼõȫ˵˳
˵ľҲһӵĻ𣬡Ҹ˵ֵܣҲ㣬Ҵɲһˣٿøɵĺ£Ѿͷû˼ɵĳմ۸Ҹ˵¶Ҳøһ̬ȣҸǱߣڻ˵׼أ


150 Īӷɵķŭ

˭֪ľģԼûǲһĪ飬ƢǾ˵׼ᷢʲôˣ
˵ģΪľٵĻĪӷɵɫ
Ī¶Щʧ̬Ȼ֪ԼǸеСԸ񣬿ôҲû뵽ĪȻ۸ôһСã
˵ˣڶľѾͷĪӷһֱͦϲģɿɰģҲϲ
ĪӷɵĻľһĻڵ绰泯йĪӷɣһƭ㣿ڱҴص˷֪ôˣøһˣ
ŵ绰ͷĶľٺźž͹ҶˣĪӷɵĶԭأһûκεĶ
ԼþȻ飿
ıѿľٴСʶڣû˵¶Ǿˣ
˼ˣĪӷҲû˼ļϣ±ʣװ׳첽˹ȥľУˣ׼ʲôľٸղŵĻڰ
ĪܣȥĶͻȻĪӷɣЩɻ
¶ļˣҵĵϡĪӷɿ˵ݣ˵ңϳ֮󣬷ҲƵĿ˳ȥ
¶ҪϽҲǸľһ˵Ƕľˣ׵ģ֪ľǸʤУԼŮֱǳ죬˵ǲĪǲǵģ¶Ƿ˭ϣǶĪˡ
Ժ뵽ľžµСίͰ͵ᣬĪӷһ֪ΪΣȻ۵
һ·ϲ֪ô͵ĪңĪӷ˳첽˽ȥڵġ
ոձܼҿţĪӷɱ˽ȥĪҳ
һģˡ
үôˣôƢСŵġԱߵĹܼСǰ˵һ䡣
ֻĪӷɣһ仰ȥŵҿ飡»ᱻŻ𣿡Īӷɵۣû˵
һ·ϻŭҪйˡ
⻰˵Ĺܼ˵ֻܱͣǸոģҲû׵׷ʲô飬ֻ˵һԣĪӷɣܿһ֮󣬷Īӷɲûг㳯ķ˹ȥ


151 İĪ

ɫƤЬ¥ݷڰĪԵ쳣ĳ֡
ĪԼҲ˵
ȵſڣһ㶯ҲûСĪӷһǰ㿪ʼţڳ˵˵Ȼ¶Ҿ͸˵ʹˣǹܲˣȻĪң¶Լҽȵ
Ķòٵ˳Ա߿Ҳǰ
֪ĪʲôģټƽĪӣ֪ĪЩģҲһһί
ԭĪôҲˣʱŮͻȻţĪӷɺȥҾǿ߶ľôˣҶʲôˣû
òС
ǿƾʲôҾͲܷƢˣɴ۾ֻǶľԴԼҲֲʲô
Ī飬ȴҪǿʶӣĪӷüͷһľһ̲ȫСãˣ֮ǰȥͻȻҴ绰ƢԼ룬ûĴ𣿡
ĪˣľҺĪҹϵãΪˣĪӷɳס˵ֻϧĪȥ
һĶˣʲô
Ǹľǿԣ޲˴һ٣
ðĪӷɣĪЦĳͲڿԼĸ磬ǳˡ
ȻԵõ˵ͷˣΪʲô˵ˣҿϲǸɵ˰ɣǸɵҲϲҿҲǷˣĪӷͻȻڵģ˲ٵί
žһʱһƺݺݵ˦Īϣһԣ˶ԭأ۵һͺ
ңΪ˶ľǸˣ΢΢̧ͷЩŵĿĪӷɡ
ƽĪӷɳȴ̰һ㣬ڹϺ棬øǱȽݡ
Ȼϻطţôȥҵľɣ˵¶
ڣˡ
Ī̧ͷŷĪӷĶ뻹ʮǰŭĪԼãһֳ޵Ŀ⿴Լл˵ŶľǸˡ


152 ĪǸѾͷ̫

ĪǰΪǴСߵĴСԸƽʱʲô¶ȥ㣬Ҳ̫ˣ֪ǵľʲôһһˡӣǸӣĪӷָĪ
Ҫ˵ĪȶľҲʹ꣬ƫƫ
һĽšӷɸ硱Ī޵˵šˡ
ôҲ벻ףǰһֱãʲôʱˣ
ĪӷһԼƽ
أĪĪӷɣѾЩˣӰ죬ĪӷɵһɲС
ҲΪ㣡Ϊǣ첽Աߵɳ˹ȥԱЩϷˣиòС
ǿʲôʲôÿģ߿ЩֻһĻĽ˷Īŭ𲨼Լϡ
һУĪӷɿ
࣬ͻȻ˲һĪһ㡣
ĪΧЩ˻ģŮˣøһûһСӡ
ε̾һĪɳϣòС
Ҳ˹ȥߵıߣĪͳһߣȻء
㿴ӣˣҪϴвУ󣿡šü⡣
Ƣǲ֪ôģˡ
ֻǶãµĸĹۡ
ԣĪ̧ͷִĿĪӷɣ˵ûд
ǶľңȻҺúõô
뵽ƣҪԼ¶еһοݺݵسײȥ¶˾ǶľȻ
ûҪǸҲתͷ
ԣĪӷɷˣǿʶôˣ㿴ӣøһʲôӣ
ĪӷɾڵԼĪǺɸ֣
ñһ
һ˶֪ĪζԴľ飬ʤȻӦ˶ľٲ鶶§ȥԼŮίҲԸյġ
벻ĪǸѾͷȻ飬ǼôˣȻܹ飡ʤҧ
Ҳ˵ղſĶľ·ͣǴӶľɿе֪ģĪŶľȥưɺȾƣ¶Ҳðɣ
ǸӣˣʶҲ죡


153 

裬ҲˣĪӷɿ϶˵˵ĪǹֵģСӼƽϵ黹Ľζľҧ
۶ľɵɫĺܣ֪жôĲʹ졣
ξΪĪӷɵĺѣҲҪάá
ǸȻĪϵĲҵҲ׷ŹľͻȻ̧ͷ۶ľ١
е֪ġ˵˵ȥĪ֮󣬿ĪֽƱ磬еģܲ⡣
ľľɵã鴫ȥˣҲڴľţľҵ棡ߣľΪʲôҪ۸ǼˣһҲ۰мӣʤ۵ģԽ
ûвǾͲö֪ˡ
áľٵͷĿᶨȻƽﶼڼҲⳡϻˣȻ׶ľɵ˼
֮⣬ԴӶľ֮õĸ鵹Խֿ
ԼίԴҪ
ɰίҲѹҪȻ˵˵һ˴ڷίöʤüͷСĿŶľɡ
ȷеӶʮֵТ˳û˵Ĳԣֻ߶ʤзƢһŮҶŮƫмӣӣҲֻǼװԹͲġ
ԣľüͷ˼һ֮󣬾ʤ˵Ĳûеġ
Ͼľ۸ˣֱص˷ȥ֪ôĴ
裬СɣҪ˵˵ľɳ˵ϵ鲢ûʲôı仯
ԣȻǼĴӦһſǰ˸ŻˣľڵĽ˴˭֪ҪʲôˣΪľ˴Źȥһأ
иˣŹȥ֪ͨľʱʤнϵĴɳ߹
裡裡Ľ˼ͣŴҴææĵߣɣȥæɡ
ѾͷίҲʤº͵ļ˵˵Ҳ̲ס̾һ
֪鷢ӦöľɴŶľĪЩԶԶģıŮڼﶼûܹίȴҪĪǸСŪǷˣ


154 ʲô

ÿ뵽ʤоһӵĻûط
ͷӦʤвһߵſڣ֪ΪΣȻЩ֪
涯ĶľѾſ˴ϣԼ
ʤţĵĽһ䡣
ֻĶľûжǲ룬Լ裬ʵǲӦó
ſڴϡءĿ޸ͣſڵʤȻż
䶼ûй˼ԹԵĳ䵣㣡żĶţĶԭɳϵĶľɺͶľɻ
װĶľʤ˹裬ôˣ
ڿأôǣʤżתͷŶľɣĲ֪룬⡭Ӧô찡
ľٴյſڳȻ˶ľίĿ
գգ۾εĿŶľɣ磬ո̫ˣŻˣ
²˵ԣľüͷ΢ֻԼǰţţ
صȻ㲻ţҾײˣüĪĲ
뵽СѾͷڷģ֪ΪΣԸ״
ĿͻȻͣǳȴʲôҲûУļ˼ó
ʤɫһףɫûɰʲôɣСأˣʲô
룬ǿƲסĲľʲô
вУһҪȥ
ôУľɫһ壬ڶľɣüĿ΢ײŽȥ
żϻģ
ţתǰķţ˽ҪײȥʱͻȻˡ
۵ľǶľССվſڣ̧ۿǰĸĸףͱģʮί
䡫۾ףĲ˲Լ۾ʮί
ģ˵ʤУ˭۵ĲС
ҵıŮʤ۵ǰľڻУģǸĪ۸㣬͸Ƕᱣģ´ЩԶһ㣬ǽӴ
ʤаο˵


155 

ȻеĶľƺȶһЩ̧ͷСĿ۶ľɣŵĿ⣬öľһ˴ǰ飬ǰĶľĿ⿴Ŀ־壬ĪĲ
㺦ң ѯʣϿʲôҲûУĵһЩŲҪŮĵͷ˵ǡ
ľûҡҡͷ˵¡
Ǹס˵˿ʮί˵ʱ˻ʤеĻǵʤСİοûĵ۶ľɡ
ľһӲ֪Ǻãգգ۾ֻ֮ܽԼеȫѹȥ
⻹ǹ춼˵㲻Ҫȥǲڱ۸ˣ֪иˣšü˵ʱ滹Щ
һζܹ׵ķŹЩˣȻô˵ȥ
˼ˣܣ裬Ҳվſ˵ɡ
˵ţɳ˹ȥɳϣӱֱģʮ࣬ľȻ˹ȥΪ˶ľúã鵽ĪģĪӷɰĪϼûйϵ
Ҳ׶ľɵĪϼʩѹĪӷûһͶ鵭ˣĪĴСԸǲԸǸģ
Ҫģҵһ㹻ĻᣬĪӷһѹء
ʤУԭҪŶľȴֶľͣԭأίͰ͵գգ۾
ôˣʤǵĿŶľ۵ĲС
ԼԭɿɰŮΪĪ۸еģĸ׵ģΪ˺ӱһ棬زŻۡ
˵áС˵
Ŷľڵİ˷ʲôЩŵˣв⣬Ҳ顣
˺ˣҲ㣬ǹȥ˵˵Щʤ˵ԼŮ˵һ䲻õĻֻȰ˵
ȻľĶСǳ֮⣬һֱվǶûаҪ˼
ļ̌ͷŶľӣֻԴ֪Щʲô


156 

Ҫ籧ȥ˳ʤе·
һ£ľɵɫͺ˵žҪѵǲӶ̫ˣ
ɣʤûĽһ䣬Ȼöľɵ̬ȻָüĿ΢ЩԸֻ޿κ˶ľߣСЩûı˶ľ
еŮ˷ĺܺãʱľɵıͲ̫ÿȴҲûа취
һ·ŵɳϣ˳ɿľɾһƨɳϡ
ɣڿ̸һ̸ˡʤҲľɳ˵ɫȻһı仯
ʱĶľЩӣǶľԴ˵£Ҳ㡣
֮󣬶ľһĸ׵Ľѵһ˵Ķоݣ޷
ҪȴҲ˵
֪ˣԺ󲻸ȥˣ˱ͣӾͿҪίĿ޳
Ŷԣʤĵ˵ͷ
˼һ֮뵽ʲôϽһ䣬͸粻ϣ㲻˳ȥ棬ǲҪ۸Լ˳ȥ
ʤ˵ǵĶľ˵֮󣬲Ը˽ѣɲУ
ԺľҪʶˣǲɱġ
ʤе˵ԱߵĶľҲͬĵ˵ͷ
ľȻҲǹɵĴӦֻǿʤеʱжЩ飬һᣬΪԼǵĸףΪǹ¶Ķľ˵һβĥĻ䡣
Ǻܾ֮ٴʱҲޱȸлġ
лл䣬лл硣ͻȻЦüģʮÿǶľɣҲ⿴סһ
˵ţĵĴյʤеߣЦеش˹ȥʤеһڣĶľľһһûûзŹ˶ľɵߣ˲ĸ첲˵̲ߣĶǳ˵ģľɵɫԽʤоԱ߿ţûκη
ãյľɵߣչµĻһӵõǹһ㡣
ԣľһԭأ첻֪ӦǺá
Ҫͺáüͷ˵࣬͸һ˿ᡣ


157 Ҫ˵ĵǸ

ľֻ룬ĪӷĺѣǶľ׼ѹĪбҪҪһȻ˵Ī۸ĶԼãֵ֮ҲҪ
һ룬ûʲôԥˣһȥ
绰Ƭ̲űͨ
ӵľٵĵ绰ʱĪӷɻ˯ڴϣкֱܴĪĵ绰ˣƢһӾˣĪӷ˯ʵ۾ǵ϶пĻǶľٵ֣۾һ㣬ǲͣʲô£
ľٲûĪӷɲõֱӿżɽοǴ˴ˣ۸˶ľľɺĪµǸĻԺĪҵӿɾûôùˡ
֪Ƕľ˵̫໹仰ϢЩԭĪӷɵĴһӾʧɢˣӶľٵУжϳġ
Īӷɵͷȷϵ𣿡
ǧȷľͷһ϶Ĵ𰸡
õشĪӷɵһӾҲ̵ʶĪ¼ĹԣҪȻҲöľô˵ҪѹĪҵĻ
Ī̳ô꣬ҵҲһĵλҪľұĻǲ˺ܶࡣ
Ī߶ľȻ֪ģҲ֪ҲȷʵĪĴ֪ĪӷεãһǸġ
˵绰Īӷɴ·´ȥĪķ䣬վſš
ǻӦֻһƬž˺þûûȵĪţĪӷƲƲ죺𣿡
滹ûĪӷɵѾľֱӿ˽ȥ
طͦģȫ
Ī֪Լ˺ܴĴܳȥȥˣ̯ҲĪһ磬Īӷ̫Ѩµøеͷۡ
Īӷóֻ༭һţĪ˳ȥ
ĪĴҹţһóֻ˿ɫ
ĪӷɷģдţϿȥľǸҪȻĪҶһù
ȻһĻĪӷɵɫǴǿӲĶĪõĪӷɴʱһǰźܳһ


158 ҲǸ

ҪȥľǸƾʲôŲȥأ
ƾʲôҶǸľ綼Ŷľһ룬ĪԶľŨ˼֡
ΪƲƲ죬ֱӰֻ˻
˭ȥľǸȥȥ
˰ҲûĪκεĻӦĪӷ뵽ľٸԼ͸¶ϢȹϵһָĪ˸绰ȥ
Բûʱ޷ͨԺٲ
˼ΣشĶеĻеŮ
ĪӷսֻüͷüӿϼļѾͷôӵ绰
Īӵ绰޷֪ڵλá
Ҳ˽ĪƢԸôܻ˵ǸοһֱĶľҪ˵Ǹϼˡ
ôźðľ˵Ļһһϱ߻졣
ĪӷһӣͻȻ뵽ʲôһԭȻ޹ݵľǺѵĹϵȶľҲῴϲ˵ѹĪҾʹѹĪҰɡ
ôһ룬ոջһҲƽ࣬ϸ룬ľҲСΪôһС¾ͺĪֲġ
Īڴľ³ҲʱŶȴ
Īӷ΢΢üۣĻûҪôˡ

ԴĪӷɸĪȥ֮ҲûعĪңĪӷҲû
ͬڵĪĻжľɣĪһģֻҪĪǸ¿Ծʹ˱˺ü죬ĪһӰû˵ĵǸˡ
ľһ˫ڸˣԨڰ˿ϲŭ
޳ָһһµڰ칫ôţûޱ飬ĺԽԽʢ
ȻĪҲΪҲĺˡ
ľɰ˽ʣ˵ĪҸһҹ˾
̧ۿľı飬ðһϸϸĺͷǵġ
ԸȥǶľҲҪľɵڡ
ʵҪҪҲνֻ֪ĪҺҪ̺Żֻǵһ
ҲҶʣֻá˳ȥ
ĪϼĪӷڰ칫ﴦŹͻȻһ󼱴ٵĪӷü
ģóոһ·ܹġ


159 ư

ܹһȵżһǳʲô£͵ؿһ£ĪӷһõԤС
Īӷɱ΢ôˣ
ҡҡͷû˵ֻĺţȵƽһЩ֮ŴŴ˵ĪܲˣҪǺǼҹ˾ڶľҲԴ
ԣĪӷɵĺȻͻȻ֮ǰľٸԼЩЩ˵İľҲûͶľٵ֡
ľȷʵ¶ҪĪһˣṆ̀ҲѡľźȶľŻҪֵĪϼš
Īӷǿװ뿪ˣֻĪĵ绰˽
ʼˣһζľֻǸһ棬֪һֻʲô
ŵ绰ĻŮһ侲ĪӷɿʼΪżԭɫЩ죬˿ʼڸطѰĪǺջ
ʱĪھưǴżЦ⿴ǰһصŮŮ衣
˻ٶΧһֻĪֻһˣЩ롣
ɫ޺Ʋʱϣ𷢱ճɫӣ٬Ķһƺ¶ǣЩȤ
ԴĪ֮ܳҲûĪӷϵΪĪӷҪľǸ鹢ڻľǸʲôҲͷϴ
Īϵᳰԣһ¾ư̫ˣӰóֻ˼ĻֻûпΪ˷ֹĪӷɧŵѾֻػˡ
ֻ¿֮͵δ磬ϣĪӷɵģڲǰģЦЦûȥܣĵ绰
ιĪСʲô°绰һͨͲʹɵżƦЦ⡣
ʱҪҪưɺһĪͷҲͬ٬
,ЦżζȻҪȥĪС㶼ˣôܲȥ͹ȥ
Ƭ̹ưɣһҵĪһ۾δʳĶһһӾǣĪķȥ
ôһﰡⲻķ񰡡۽ǹżϷʡ


160 Īӷ

û˵ĵطҲͷһЩȤ鰡Ī˵Ÿ˸۹ȥ
һ£ӦĪ˵˼֮߿ʼ

ҲҲĪҲôԴУ޷Ԥһζľɻʲô˼£ȥҶľ飬ûصľ档
ľĪӷɽȥ֪֮һ˾ҲûĪӷֱߵľɵİ칫ҡ
òţ˵֮Žȥ
ļۣ̌ĪӷɣҲûа˿ȵӣֻüһ˿Ц
ĪӷҪ˵ͿɳϵĶľ΢΢һ㶣˲ɫֱƽ޲ߵľǰɫЩ̫Ȼ
ľҲߴ٣ֻǿĵĺ󻰡
Īӷԥʣľɣѵ׼ҪĪҸϾɱֻΪôСһ¾ͰѶľһĪָ֮ĻЩֵðɣ
ԣľɵɫЦЦȴ۵ףҿûҪĪҸϾɱ˼ҵľģҲֻǸպøĪܿͬһҹ˾ѣҲ˵ҺĪ㻹ͦϬģ˵𣿡
仰ԾǷܣľôĪҿͬһأֻĪҲùˡ
һԻĪӷҲ׶ľûҪɿڵ˼˺һֱĬĶľϡ
廹ϵˣľ֮ôĪңҲֻĪԶľЩ°ˣľԸ⽫·ƪĻǶľҲ˵ҲԷŹĪˡ
Īӷתתӣߵľߣ֪㻹ڹЩ£Ըģһú˵ģεǾ͵ʲôҲû𣿡
ԣľȻǲԸģϸһίͰ͵ģ˱ͣſǻ˵ӷɸ磬۸ң
˵ţصĿ޸ͣ
״Īӷɶʱͻû뵽ľͻȻˣʶľɷ򿴣ȻľڵɫܺڣµãûŪԽԽˡ
Īӷ޴ĴԱ߳˼ֽݸľСĸ᣺ˣҲ˵Щˡ
ɫЩңһ˵һΪĪĻ


161 ľݼ

ľȴûֽӹֻǲϵڿޣˮբĺˮһ˲ӿˡ
Īӷɼ̾һȻҲŮǶľǰӴŮȫһͣڿľһһĿţҲһʹ
ͲõĶľɼ˷üļ޸Ǽ˼֡
ˣҲ˵̫ˣĪǸʲô¶ûСľɫ䣬Ŀһ޲Ĺž˿ϲŭ
Īӷɼľɫ̫ã֪ȥˣͷϣľҺĪһǿԺǰһΪܺõҵ飬ҲϣӰ쵽ǣٶ࿼ǿǰɡһ뿪ˡ
ľɴϳ˼ֽߵľߣݸ˵ˣûҪΪᡣ
ľװޣݼ̫ãĪӷɺͶľɶΪˣð˹ǷһӰĽ
ľ˵ͷֹͣ˿̧ͷۿŶľɣǿһ˿ǳЦݣôЩ˵û£ֻǾЩίѣĪĴΪʲôڸúҵĴһ
ˣľɵɫҲ࣬˵ĻﻹЩӣϸͷ˵ûдԣҪ̫ˣȥϢɣѽˡ
ľͷ۵׻һĨζЦ⣬⡣
ϻؼҵʱ򣬶ľľͽԼķΪ˷ֹͻȻѷŶˡ
ױǰžԼ
µֱ߬ʮָѾ󵽷ףȴǻȻ֪һɽš
Īһ죬һΪԼ鸶ۡ
ѾƻĪѵÿƻԼÿƻĸǾİźˣ֮һĪùġ
Īľ۵⣬üۼӿϼᳰ
ֻҪĪѣҪΪԼǰֻһǸʫĪ˻Ҫᣬԩ
ľֻҪһ뵽Īʫǧаһǳܡ
Īҵţһӱģ
ҪĪǶԹŮõӦĳͷ


162 

ľ۵͸Ĺâ
ۿۿۡ
ʱһľͻȻһֶһ£գ۵ĹϾͻָƽ޲ӡ
ľûżǾش
˼ûлӦſڽеС˯裬үصң˯֮ǰһţ̹
ľŵһҲͷԭͷ㣬ְѱӶŪңŶӦһ¡
˵꣬ȥţ迴ľҵͷ˲ͷһۣҲҵģ֪ղŶľ˯Ǹ˵Сղ˯ûŵɣ
ľһǷҡҡͷ˵ûУлл㰡裬ҾҽеʧߣⱭţʱ򡣡
ľôһ䣬ҲЩ˼ЦⶼүҵģСţ̺˾Ϣɡ
˵˼仰֮󣬶ľױǰոջеգǶľɵĻɾûôúŪˡ
ӳóһֽһ֧ʳֽд˴֡
ʫıʼľȻʮģʫĽǶд顣
ŵ˼дϣľɿ԰æʫľԸĻôͻԼЩƷΪر
һ֮󣬶ľֽĿԼĴ
ʫƵƷľɶͣԶὫȨΪرڶľ˵һ˵ŶľɻӦİɡ
ľľЦֻҪһ뵽ԺĪѵͻޱȵĳ죬ԭҲĺˣЩĪһƳӵģĪҪҲֻܹԼ
ԭ˲ҲˣһǸǵͲô׷Ź
ľִ¹֮ǰĪ͵Щԭʫͼ˳Ѿƻƻˡ
ڶ죬ͼװһ𣬶ľǸˣɵֱӼĸľɣľǿˣ϶Ҫ٣Ҫǵʱ˳ŵַ鵽ϵĻĲ߻ļƻͶˡ
ʽ˳ȥֻжľɵĵַûмļ˵κϢ


163 ٣

ľһϲڶľµİ칫档 ԼıʼǱƵʱ͵͵˼۶ľͷ
ľɲľߣģ́ͷʱ򣬶ľѾͷʼԼơ
ԻΪ÷˳ӣоǿţȴò˵һļ򵥣ϸϸÿһë¶һСûбȥȥ˵ë쾡µذһиŪɾƯء
ýɫɷ˵Դ۾ú챦ʯȥ̣챦ʯи˼ָ߰Ϭ
ܱúɫϸ鱦ʯǶ
Ժ󣬶ľԼƺõͼֽľɿ
ľɿһƵͷ˵Ʋе򵥵ģ㿴ԻһġѾ˺ܶ࣬ˣβĲֿ΢һ»ܺõģǺܲˡ
ľŶľָĵطͷ࣬һƤľ˵٣
ľҡҡͷдżȻĻ˵ͼЩûõģúõ츳˷ˡ
ľԶľȻ̬ѾϤˣϾԭֻһɵӣ˭һõɵи顣ľʲôû˵Լƺϸˡ
βΪԵòôҡҷʱëʽǳǳĺз˵ëװΣľϸóһƯ
ľԼƳƷ¶˼΢Цܺá磬㿴ôأ
ܺãԽĺÿˣľɿ֮ǰһѽƲһ¶ľơ
Ȼ츳ܺãδͲȥ滮 ϵĶľϸδǻһչ绪ġ˾ٴδһԻ͵ġ
ľȫȻ֪һе˵ǿ϶ģҵʲôʱ򲻺ÿ˰磬ľôˣһ㶫֪ģȻǰƵĻ˵˼ǻ㲻
ʱĶľɵߴӵƵضľϡǲ֪ΪʲôŶľƺһˣȴв֪˭Ǿ벻
Ҳû̫࣬㽫ߴӶľƻصϼľȻ˵Ȱе˵
ľƲƲ죬֪ӡľɵӻǱɽٴʱ


164 Ҳ

ˣʱˣľ۵һ˿ɻԼ֮Ȼ˵
Ԭ˽ϹܲãľС㡣ľɿԬʣ𣿡Ԭͷ˵еģǡһľСô˵
˵Ԭһ۶ľ˼ǣľС㣬飬Ӧ֪뿪ľϻ߻صɳϷִŶʼ칫ʾԼʲôҲ֪
һЩΪԬϵˣдģΪʫдġľˣôļƻˡ
ľǿԬ֪жҪԬöľ뿪ѵҪļ
ԬŶľֻǵһЩɵ˵ܲãʫ顣ûκεĵַֻּȷϹʫдģʣµʲô֪ˡ
ľЩס飿ʲô飬Ӧù𣿸㲻Ķļ̌ͷʵ飿ʲôطĹģûв𣿡
Ԭҡͷ˵ˣֻܵ飬˵ҪǾľͲ֪ˡ
ľ͸¶ɻù򿪣ݺǼ򵥣дϣľɰæ飬ƷΪƷΪ
滹ĪǰͼЩͼľü˵ôӣԬͷڵͼ
ԬЩؿŶľɣǻǵͷ˵ǣܿԬͷڣ֮ǰĪĶԱȸ
ľЩ𾪣ԬҲƺ֪ʲôȴĬܱߵϢеȻľҲƺˣۼԱŲŲ
ԬЩ֪ľ¶ؿŶľ˵磬ô𣿡
ľɰպ֮Ŷľ˵û£ȥưɡ
ľٴ˵磬ôûϵĶܿ𣿡ľҡҡͷ΢һ˵ԣϽȥơ
ľŶľûһκŷ뿪ðɡ΢Ц뿪صɳϿʼơ
ľǿԬŽԬ֮ŷĵַԴ٣סκ
ԬͷϹõģܲá
뿪
һӣԭֵİ칫һӱðľգգ۾װʲôûһ㡣


165 ־

ľڿ֮ϵı鼸˲Ѿ΢΢ı仯һ£˫ʶؽ߬סǷŵֶѾЩתˡ
ڶľɵǷǳĳأ·ƶЩ࣬·Ѿ뵽˸ոյǷ棡
һԵĶľľڵһ֮΢΢һüë֮жѾ΢˼ֵ̽
װʶڶľɵ߻һ䡣
ôˣôڵ鲢Ǻܺã
ľƵˣȥ֮װǳ¶˶ľɵԱߣ֧Լ°֮ͣĳŵȫǵ
ľԭ˼أһֱŸոյһŵ飬ڿ˶ľ֮֮еǣƺ֮лƽϢһ㣬һ˿һû¡
ûʲô鲻ضǣ
ľɻ֣ľԴ֮󣬾֮ж˼ֵǿ
ڶľɶͲҪ̸ۣǺ޲ð֮ǰֵọ̈̄һɢ
ֻܡ
ľһֱڻľǰ飬Ǻ޲ðеһȫٸʵ׵ڳ
ڿһ֮󣬶ľɸӲܰѳֵסԼȵӡ
˵ľɲûڶľǰֳκε̬ȣԼȥŹĵַ
ҲַܸĴۣұҪ֪飡
˵仰ʱ򣬶ľɵ֮дһǰδеǿӲһ˫֮ж˼ֵ̽Աߵ̵˵ͷ
һûеָŵ飬ʫ֮ǰһʱ顣
ϾֻǲһĻ¸ûκεãٸʵ׵ǰ
һжľûκεɡ
ڲ֪֮Уľײ˶ľɣڲ鿴һż
ľɱΪľһմκεĶҲûκҪܻŵ˼
ľҲȫѾڿżʾŵĶһ˫֮жѾ˼ֵľȡ
û뵽ڵ֮УľɾȻῪʼ֮ǰЩ飬ǰԼ֮ǰȫھ
һżȫԼǰ֡


166 

ĪĶľ֮У֮˼ֵĸж֪ԼڵȫһֶǿƲסԼ֮еּ͸ж
ڶľһкͶľһ֮ǰһ޶Կľ϶Ǻķ˺ܴһ˼
лл㣡
֮жľڶľɵĬĬ˵һ֮жѾ˼ֵĸм.
ڶľɸܲľľҲһ仰ȫ˵
ԭΪԼǰֱӸһ䣬ǲܱκ˾쵽еࡣ
û뵽ǶľɾȻʼЩ飬ƺҪԼǰһ䡣
ţľ̲סһᣬֱӵһŷ֮С
ôˣʲôˣǲ۸ˣ
һ֮󣬶ľʶŤͷȥżɻʵ֮ж˼ֵĽ
ûûУֻɳӽ۾ѣ
ľæԱѣһ˵Լ۾Լû¡
ľʶüëֻоڵĶľڵЩ̫Ծֻľɻǲû̫Ļɡ
ϾľݺҲƭΪ
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ľ׾ٵؾѾľһƭȥ
ľϲͷֱ뵽˲֮У˵ϣʵᡣ
һֱڻؾǰ飬˵ݺԼ˲֮ԩڻ
֮ǰԭΪԼ׾ٵطǰܵЩ˺ǰһжԩһĶԴڵԼ
Ҳھ֮ǰ࣬ԭΪԼһ˵Ĺ¾ܶ
ֻһ˲֮Уľȴ˼ֵļ
Ϊľɵİæľڶľ֪Ĺ֮а԰
лл㣬ллһνһУ
ľ̲ס΢΢һ֮ĬĬļظһڶľɱԼ֮еĸм
Ѿһ˰Լܹھ࣬ôľҲ͸ӶļֵϢԼһܹϴ岻֮ԩ


167 һ

ڶľͶľɵһߣڲϵµУһĪӷҲäĿѰ֮зĪ
Īھʹڼư֮УڲϵäĿĸԼһһľƣһһľ¶֮ڵĪҲֳһã״̬֮С
ȰȰôҺȣ
Īһã൱־˵һ˫֮ж˼ãɫ
һԵĪӷɼڵĪ֮֮ж˼ֵŭ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ֮жѾ˼ֵķŭ
ֲҪٺˣ֪֪ڵڸʲô
һԵããأ͸Լʵ۹⿴Īӷɡ
ôҲǹҺȾƵ𣿹һȰ
ĪǸѾ𲻳κε飬ǿԼڷŭ֮µĸҲܹã˵һ
ұ죬̸ҹȥҲҪټˣ
Īӷɴϵļŷŭ˵ĪһãӣֻоԼ֮ж˼ֵʹԼôõһá
Ϊʲôڵʱһģֱ֮֮Ҳ˼ֵľ
ΪʲôҪߣΪʲôҼˣ
ڵĪǴһ֮С
ڵĪ뵽һã״̬֮УҲҪͨƾԼڵ֮пԼĸ磬Ҳȫûбֳһӡ
Ա߻뿪ˣΪڿóĪӷɵ״̬Ǻܺãʱضд˵ķա
ڸұ죬㵽֪֪㵽׸Щʲô飬ֱʵ̫ˣôܹľأ
Īӷŭʵģһƺ֮еĪһ
Īϵı鼸˲Ѿ΢΢ĽӲ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ֮ж˼ֵķŭ
ΪʲôͲܵʲôĴ𣿲ֻһ¶ѣԴǳɶģҵô
ĪһֵѣȵĪӷĪ˵һеʲô֮ŭɽҵģֱӺݺݵ˦Īһơ
ұ죬ڶľʲôݣıŶľΪǿ֧ţ


168 úúãҵǸ

Īӷ΢ЩΣΪʲôԼþǿǰһ״̬֮С
ڵĹ˾Ѿྭ˶ľɵȫλѹΪĪ˶ľһ顣
ڵ֮УĪȻҿڳԣһ˫֮ж˼ֵĲм
̺ҹȥǸ㲻ǸĻǾͱҲˡ
Īӷɵ֮жǼַŭѾ޿ɶֹķŭֱԱߴ˼вĻ˵һ
ҲԸ⣬ҲҪҲҪҾǲҪովȻΪң
Īһ֮ڳ׵׵ѣ߲ϵĴżˣõһ㲻ϵ˵
ұ죬֪֪˾ôģ
ĪӷɼĪһֲһ֪֮֮ԼҲ˼ֵʧ
ĪֱһûгСӣһ㲻ϵãǸϲǰ״̬
ѾЩ뵽צĹ˾ƴ֮£ھȻֲ֮㱻Īȫٵ
ڶľѾȫλĿʼѹǵĹʣ˵һٲȥǸĻ˾ѾȫˣѵϣҵгɾͣеѪȫ𣡡
Īӷ˵һ룬֮жѾ˼ֵʺʧ
Īϵı鼸˲Ѿ΢΢ĽӲƺǸûĪӷɵ˵Щʲô
ڸѡһ̸ȥǸ2ǿȥǸ
ĪӷڿƸĪѡ񣬵ѡյĽڶֻһǾǱȥͶľǸ
ľȻһմһ¶ڲһˣݼǲǣһľΪһĺչˡ
Ǿöľܹ𣬵ǶľأĪǾҲһǵ𣡡
һ仰Ŀ棬Īϵı鼸˲΢΢ĽӲͷ
ĪӷԱ߿Īһģ֮һֻΪĪȥˣԼ˵һҲȥǸ
ʵȻĪֳһݱȫǶһ
úúã̾͸ȥǸ
Ī˵ţ֮ȴ˼ݻ⡣


169 Ǹ

ȵĪӷɰĪ˹˾֮Īǻĺһһ˫֮ж˼ֵĿܡ
ҪȻǻǻȥɣҲҪ˵Ǹ
Īίı˱죬֮ж˼ֵķŭڵĪֱǹִޱȡ
Ѿ˹˾УȻ˵һҲ³Ϊ˵İѱ
Īӷ˫ֽ߬ȭͷһ˲֮ҲЩΡ
ڶѾ˹˾棬ѵҪȥҪ֪ȥ֮ҪеĺԶԶ󡣡
ڵĪӷҲûκεİ취ֻѹסԼƢĵ˵ţƺҪͨԼĹȰĪԼ֪ԡ
˲һ׳նѣҺһ׳յǸⲻ𣿡
ĪǳĿľΪľֻһ׳նѣ䲻ԼǸ⡣
ұ죬仰Ҫñˣ϶ͻΪİѱ
Īӷں޲ҵһֱӰĪϡ
ΪĪ˵һʵ̫ûκεĻˣֱʲôﶼð
˵ûκεĴѵһɵ𣿼ȻΪʲô˵οʲôȻҪҸǸ
ڵһ֮УĪޱҴ¡
Īӷ˫ֽ߬ȭͷĪһ£ֹסҪ˵
ȷһʵҪǹ˾ڵĽҪҵĹ˾ȫĻԾȥǿߴĽ¡
Īӷ˵仰ѾǳأʱĪ֮ٶķŭҲվǽԼ֮е
ǺðɣڴҹȥɣȥǸ
Īһ֮󣬲֪뵽ʲôŻԱ˵
Īӷɵ֮ж˼ֵЦ֣ĪԴ
ûҵĺҪ֪һ¹شǧܹΪ֮Ҳǧľɡ
Ѿ˶ľɵİ칫棬Īӷɻ̲סԱ˵һ䡣
Ī˼ֲͷԱߵ˵ͷ
ֱ˽ȥľڿ֮΢΢һüë֮ж˼ֵĮ


170 һǸ

ľѾ֪ˣ֮ǰĪڶľһ飬ҲȫѹĪӷɵĹ˾
ڹ¾Ϊ˺ԼǸ
һβ֪Ҫʲô
ľɿǰӶûУ£ֱ˵Ĵż֣˵һ䡣
ֻҪЩľѡ
ĪӷεЦһ֮æԱЦһ˵ڶľֳģ⸱ӺѾŭˡ
Īӷ̲ס΢΢һĪѾӦԼһľúõĵǸ
ֻҪĪ׵֮󣬿¾Ƕľ֮ٶŭҲ϶ȫ
뵽֮ĪӷһȻ֮һ
ȻҪǸǾ˵ɣҵҪ֪ûдԼʵС
ľɺǺЦһֱ֮ͣס˱ʣҲԼڰ칫ļֱ˵˵
Īӷһڿˮ֮ж˼ֵĽţΪûϵǰȻһ棬ľɶһԲеĶľֱչ˵ľľ⡣
Բ֮ǰӦ˵Щ̼㣬ϾҲֻһɵӶѣҾǸ˵ٶ飬ҲͲеĵ
Ī΢΢ЦݺһЦݣǵ˼䳰ȷӣ˵˼ǸĻ֮УҲ˼ֵơ
ľ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ֪Լ뱣ֵסԼһԲе
ԾԱߵЩˣô˵ƵĻܹ
ڶľ̲סĶԼڵЩŭ
Ͼܵ˱˵ȴûа취зӣʵ̫˸оЩˡ
ĪӷϵЦݼ˲Ѿ׵׵ĽӲŵĿĪһۣڸͲԼĶ䵽ʲô
ϾôܻĪڶľһ
ڵ˵ʲôأһι㲻ǹǸ𣡡
Īӷ͵һĪһѣ˼ַŭ˵
ڼֱԼĶ䵽׿ʲôȥľϵɫôġ
Ϊ֪¶ľɸոҲĪ˵һ˶ΪеЩġ
ֲǶľģƾʲôռһλãѵͲЩΪʲôҪöľԴң
ĪھûԼĸԱ߲ϽµĻһ㻹⼸ǿӲ˵


171 ľɿʼж

ľԱһ֮ڻ̲סĶ˼ֵŭ
һĪ˵ŵǸĻһǸĻ֮лǼӰܴεġ
ľڵĿ˵ǷǳĴֻЩ֮󣬾ϲҪһ
ұ죬̹ȥҪټ㡣
ľֱһӣŭվ˼ݣѧϰж˼ֵķŭ
ľװµӣ㵽˶ľɽǻ֮УɪɪĿĪһۡ
ڻҵǰװҲ֪㵽ǲһɵӡ
ĪǺЦһ֮Ա߻˵
Ǿ˵仰֮ĪӷŭɽҵģֱӰĪߡ
Īӷ֪һĪһе鶼ѾˣòһεǸĻҲ׵׵ıĪˡ
ոյΪʲôҪ˵ôûõĻѵ֪һιغһУȫˡ
Īӷɷŭ˵Ī֮Ҳ̲סĴ˼ʧ
ΪոĪʵ̫ڳ嶯Ϊһʱ֮еһȫˡ
һôһоʹͷʼ
ĪеһĶ̫ڼ򵥣˵仰֮Ѿת뿪
ڶľɵ֮ҲʼĪƵƷһЩɣһֻɲƾ޾ݣǸôʱĽӴ֤֮ġ
֮Īֱ²Ľ°֮ǰʫƷȫ˳
ڿʫ֮ǰƷ֮ȫڷԼǰ΢΢һüëֱӰĪͼҲ˹
ʫЩͼĪһͼûκε֮еķǴͬ
ֻľɽǷеĲԾĵطΪȻ˵Ʒķ񲢲һģ漰ǳơ
ûиоƷǳƣеҲǷǳ
ľɲһרҵʿֱӿһԵĽ£˼ɻʵֱӰеָ˳
ʶüëڵȻ֪Ʒ׶˭֣ڶľǻɣƷһġ
ûиоκƵĵطϾƷͬģǷҲŴͬӡ


172 µĸ

΢΢Цһ֮󣬱ؾĻԱ˵һ˫֮ж΢΢Ĵ˼ֵЦ⡣
ֻǸոյһ֮󣬽¾ѾܹܵĴϸñʵԶࡣ
һʦȻпܻ任һ£ձʵȻеǸûа취仯ġ
һҲܹһʦʵ
ôоͼͲĪԼġ
ľ΢΢һüë֮еһἸڲϵļӾ統С
ϰԼ˰ɣϾôܻĪϣҿǷǳĪġ
Ա߻˵һ䣬֮ж̲סĴ˼ĳɷ֡
ºĪ֮Ĺϵ˵൱Ĳһ˲֮УѾˣеƷͬС죬ǳƣ˵ѻ
ôоеƷǳƣˣ㿴Ҳ
ľ΢΢һüë֮󣬴˼ֲͷ˵һ䣬ֱ뿪
ǾھϸĶԱ֮󣬸ûнԼ֮еȥ
˵ľ֮мһεĶ˼ֵĻɣһеɻ㡣
Ī޷õĻ档
ϾҲĪĴͼеСϸһŰǳķҡ
˵ûκһĴ㣬ȫǰ˵Ĵ⣬ȫȫպ«ưһ𣬶һƼֱЩۻңͿе⵽ʲô
һͼǴͬʾã˵еķĪ֮ǰķȫƵġ
ҵҪ֪㵽δһͼ
ľԽĪͼһٵġ
һҲȫһԵĽ¿֮ǰѾ΢ڶľʳ⣬Щɻ
ľӣ֮мҲ˼ֵĿ϶
ľѾǻɣֻĪͼ
¶΢һģȵ뿪ʱֱӰֵһȫͨͨ߸Ī
ڶľѾͼǲˣԼǶעһɡ


173 Σ

һߵĪû뵽Լ˵Щ֮ȻԼĸˡ
Ἰ˲ѾһµĪӷһֱ֮ӷŭ˳ȥ
Īӷ΢εĿԼõıӰ˫ֽ߬ȭͷһĪһм֮ǰеŬȫķˡ
˵һ˲֮УĪȥͶľǸҲ޼¡
ϾڣĪѾ׵׵İѶľɵˡ
֮ǰѾȰôΣΪʲôһζҵģҪһС
Īӷε̾һ֮󻺻Ҳ뿪˹˾
һĪȥֱ֮ӽӵڽµϢ
Ϣ֮΢΢һüëж˼ֵ𾪡
ȷԼһûκεı¶ΪʲôľɻỳԼͼǲģ
Ѿ˵ͼˣΪʲôܹùֱõģҪҪʲôȨ
Ī˫ֽ߬ȭͷж̲ס˼ֵķŭֻһȫȻġ
ô飬Ҳ벻ҵߵ˭ͼǾúõһɣҵҪܹʲô
һĪֱҵŷҲѾڱ顣
Ƕչĵ顣
ôܻأΪʲôǻ飿ѾȥôˣȴƫƫҪڳĪѾʲô𣿡
֮д˼ֵķŭ֮Ҳ˼ֵĻҡ
˵鱻ȫĻҲԲκεĺùӳԡ
ڵӦô찡ĵĻӦôأҿɲΰ
ĪЩĻˣϵ֮ȥ
űţǿ϶ܹ뵽İ취
Īһģ֮ҲԱߴ˼ְο˵
Ǿ˵һĻ֮ԼͲԼ˵Щ
ǲܹܾģҲܹĿĵߵȴȻѾչԼĵ飬ǲֱӿԼ
ĪʶԼ´֮󣬻Ա˵
㲻ֱһЩ֤ݣ󵼵Ԭ£


174 ļ

ʱĪ֮ͻȻһ⡣
˵仰ҪʲôѵѾһ𣿡
΢΢һüëڿһĪչûκε⡣
ڿĪ˵仰ʱҲʶΪĪҲһ⡣
ʵҵⲢرãڵ֮УҲֻܹҪﵽĿꡣ
ôε֮У˶ûһ׼ȷķ
ǲֱαһʫ飬뿪Ҳɱ
Ī˵
񼸺˲Ѿ΢΢һ£ϵĹơ
⵹ȷһ⣬ǾɣҵҪ֪֪֮󵽵׻һַʽԣ
΢΢Цһ֮ЩõĻŵĸоҲ֮бĨƽˡ
ǼȻѾˣǸϿȥɣȻһ˷Ķ֮˵ı仯
Īڵ˼¶˼ֵĽţϾڲ֪Ѿ˶õʱֱӱھѾ㹻˸оĿ־ˡ
õģ̾ȥαװһ顣
һ߾ĪѾЩ֮ʫ֮ǰСҲ˻Ĵ򿪡
ԭѾõķ䣬һ˵
Ԭ㿴䵱еĲ΢΢֪Ѿжûн뵽䵱С
˵֮еİѾ΢ľЩİ
ֻЩûκεĴ
˵֮ѾܾãȻ˺ܾöûùˡ
Ԭһ֮ŻĶӣ֮пʼ˲ϵѰҡ
ܾ䵱лһûбҵ˵Щܹͻһִڡ
Ԭ֮вϵķ׷ţƺҪѰһࡣ
Ǿһ˲֮УȴͻȻǽǵеһŷע⵽
Ԭ΢΢ĳˣԼж˼ֵĹ˿֮ǰ֮ǰѾ䷭һ顣
ȴûпʲôµģ˷ܾͻðġ
ŷ֮Ԭǿ飬дķǳҲǰȫ
ɾһǰ˸еޱȵľ֡


175 ̫

Ԭõ֮󣬼ǵһʱѾø˶ľɣȥ
ľɿһ֮΢΢һüë֮жѾ˼ֵĻɡ
ڲԼǰһڲĻһ飬˿α죬ԼǰԼġ
һ𣿡
һ˲֮ʣľͻȻԼһߵԬһ䣬֮жѾ˼ֵ̽
Ԭڸ֪ľ˵仰ʲô⣬ǳʵĵ˵ͷ
ȷСıʼǣҺƽʱþһֲܾ顣
Ҳţ
ľԬһ֮Цһ˵֮еĻɣڲϵļӾš
ֱӿҵ飬Ͼ֮ǰǼ䷿ѰңôܻᷭҲһ飬ƫƫѾʼ֮ų֡
ľɻ˵һ˫֮жѾ˼Į
ڵ޷ֻ֣1˿ҪǿĳЩʵҪ˽⵽顣
ԱߵԬľ˵仰֮΢΢һüë֮ж˼ֵľȡ
֮ǰǸûκεĲ˵һȥţһһ顣
ԬԱ΢ЩΣΪΪڶľֱӵĻһŲɡ
ûʲôϵϾҲ˽ˣ˵һĻǾԲ֮κйĶ
ľ΢΢Цһ֮󣬻˵֮жѾ˼ֵĮζĮǶα˲Ļɡ
˭ΪҪڸԼĶƴҪڸסԼ顣
ڶľɼǸӻʫ⣬ΪĻǸҲһϵе顣
ڼŵĵַԬڲϵļӾȥ⣬еȫѾһ˲֮г׵׵ıĨƽûκйڼŵϢ
̫ܸûܹκε
ԬԱ΢˼ε˵ΪҲκεҲڷչһز


176 ڸȥ

İɣȻ˿룬֪ôܻᰵ
ȥе飬ʣԼ
ľ˵Ǿ仰ֽ֮ںϵһ䡣
ĹǷŶڶľ˵һܹͻһͻƿڡ
õģ̾ȥ졣
ľֱԬﰵȥ飬ֱ֮ӰαֱӰ͵͵Ļ˻ȥ
ȻôҪ鵽ΣҾͰ˼߼¡
Цһ֮ĬĬԼ滺˵һ
һߣЩеһжѾĪ֡
㿴㿴Ѿ黹ˣ
ܿѾֵģڷ֮еһ飬񼸺Ȼ֮һ£֮ж˼ֻϲ˼
ûȷǲҪڸ
ĪѸٵĵ˵ͷ֮жѾ˼ֵЦ⡣
ЩʱյǶ鼸ǳһֵģŶľ֮е
ûûеκε飬ȻھͲֱۣӽ뵽֮С
˵鶼ֵĻҲֱӽ˾ӣǺпܻܵǹе
ϾľɵԸǾԶԲκιϢġ
ľʵ̫ˣô򵥵ķȻܹƭǲŰ
һ߿һķʼ
ڴȻıˣѵ㲻𣿡
ԱߵĪ˵һ֮ʶһüëжŲεָ
εЦһæԱ˵
˺ˣ㿴ⲻҲûʲô˼ֻ黹ûбֵ֣Ļǿˡ
ĪֵһеǷ֮ж̲סĴ˼ֵĻ֮⡣
Щʱյǲ֪ΪжٵĵģϾľ¿ʼˣ鶨ȻΪľɲеһС
Ӧô죿
ʱԱߵĪͻȻǻһ䣬΢΢üͷԬͻȻľɵĶʾɻ


177 ھ

Ȼľɸûκεľ죬Ǿ͵Ѿ׵׵ģǧҪȥ
Īڼһ¾취ӽͱˣ˭ܹ
һֱ֮еһ̣˵İζƶпҵı
ڼ˲Ѿˡ
˶֪֮УԬڿʼԼĵ飬Ȼ޷ŵԴôʹķ顣
ֱӿʼʫھӡ
˵ʫ֮ھܿѾˣ
һԵļھˣһԬΪΪʫʱһ΢Եò첻ֹһλܿѾֱ˵˵һ䡣
Ͼס˺ܳһʱ䣬ͻȻ֮ߣЩھҲ΢˼ֲ졣
ֻԱƽ޹ʵˣ˭ЩԩͷǺ°ɣҲûʲô
Ǹ˵仰֮Ա̼˲Ѿ˷һΡ
Ԭ֮΢΢һüë֮ж˼ֵĲͲš
ⲻܣôأ
Ͼ˵һһκ쳣жǿ϶Ϊеԭ
ôܰǸʱߵġ
еȫĸԬ㱨Լ֪һЩϢ
ȵԬѾеϢȫ¼һ֮Żص˰칫棬ľɻ㱨ег̡
õϢҲֻЩˡ
ԬԱ߾ְ˵ȻЩڵ˵ûκεãϾҲֻһھӵİ߶ѡ
ԬھӵһԾǾھӾܹҵʫԭ
ľ΢΢һ£ĬĬԼ߶飬һԭ΢΢һüë֮жѾ˼ֵĲ졣
ԬһԵĶľɻ㱨Щʱ򣬶ľһֱԱš
˹Ǹ֮󣬶ľüë΢΢һ£˫ֽ߬ȭͷ
֮жѾ˼ֵľȣƺû뵽ԼȻԬ˹İϤֵ֣ĸо


178 ȥ

ڸͲҰԼ֮еľڱֳϾһľɲκεĲԾǿɾʧ
ҲֻԼ֮еɻ;ȣѹԼ֮С
ڶľڲԼ֮лԼ֣ڵ֮Ҳ˼ֵĲ졣
ΪԲһˣڶľ鵽ֵȫָ塣
˻Ա߲ϵļţƺѾԼеȫѾϡ
ЩͲ˵Щ͸û͸¶Ϣһܵ顣
ľɽǿ˰Լǰ֮΢΢һüë֮жѾ˼ֵ¶ȡ
ڵϢͲƶϳκε飬˵ݵĻһ¶
ûѾǰϵˣôƲ⣬Ҳûа취ܹİԼȫǻҪĵ顣
Ԭ˶ľʵ仰֮΢εԱߵ˵ͷж˼ֵΡ
˵֮УҲѾûİ취
飬չеĵ飬ٸʵףҲһҪҳԭ򡣡
ľĮԱߵ˵ͷ֮ж˼ֵĮ֮Уľɼһǰδеִš
ľľһж˼ֵĲ죬ڸû뵽ľ֮УȻܹԼĲϵ顣
ϾִľѾǰ;ǳһ·ľûзڲϵĵ鵱С
õģϰģһȫ
ԬҲû뵽ľɽ˵ִţ֮Ҳ޷˵ĻæԱߵ˵ͷ
һ߶ľڻؼҵʱһ·΢˼ֵǶڶľԱʻûκεĻӦ
ôˣôڽ鲻أ
ľ΢΢һüëٿľ鲻õ֮󣬻΢Աߴ˼ε˵
ڶľҲûлɵ飬ΪڵĶľΪĪ飬ԲŻֳ˳Ƶӡ
ϾĪһ¾ǶľҲûа취ܡ
˺ˣ̫ˣ㲢һ¶㻹ˡ


179 ľ

Ϊڶľһֱ飬ϻȥʱֱдһˮ裬ˮԼ嵱вϳˢĸо
ľ΢΢ıԼ۾ϸ˼ԼԺ֮е顣
ֻ֮УľܹĸܵԼڻţǰǸ׸Լˡ
ֻڶľһˮ֮2Ѿ⵽˱ӦȻֱӿʼգ̲ϵɢһһɵ顣
С㣬ҪҪԷѽ
ӶѾ飬ľûκεĻش
һԵʤʶüëˣȥҪľڵһԷشһĻûС
ȵʤн֮ȷʵֶľպ󣬴˲Ȼĺɫ
㵽ôˣ鲻ҲܲԷ
ʤƵԱ˵һֱֽ֮˶ľĶͷ档
˲Ѿܵ˼й̵¶ȣһֶˡ
̵¶Ȱôˣ
ʤ骼˲ѾջԼ֣ʶ˵һ䣬˫۾֮ж˼ֵĲ졣
ڶľ嵱е¶ȹߣƺҪըһ
һԵӶ仰æó¼Ƹľ¶41ȡ
Ѿðˣ
һԵļæ˵һ䣬ƴĸҽ绰Ĵ
СȥˣȻԴѾˣպͿˡ
ȻڶľԴѾ÷ǳմҲϣȥֱҵҽ
ô˵ģ¶ȶѾˣô߾ȻŽһǲǸð˷纮
ҽֿ֮˿۾ŻԱ˵
ûʲôر黹ҼǵãСϸմһˮ衣
һԵӶ˼һ֮æԱ˵Ǹʱ뵽ɨʱԡҶ൱¶ȡ
ڸոյ֮УӶѾܹܵеı䣬֪е¶ȵжôĺ
ˣ˵ôûõķϻҲ಻ȸһ룬Ȼȥҩ
ҽܿѾеȫúˣһߣĪӷɼѾԼͷһ
ΪĪһֱٳٶκκ̬ȣ˵ĪӷѾԱֳһŭӡ


180 Ī˰

ĪھͬһҪԼԿһҪ֮УĪȻܹ˵Ļ
ǲҪҰ֪֪ڵӦȥ飿ǸʱôõһᣬȻܹͶľ
Īӷŭĵ˵ĺ޲ֱӸµһ³ȥŵĿԼòһá
Ϊʲôһ˲֮оȻһӡ
ҾǲԸǸǿҵǸĻǾͱң˵ʲô˵ĻʱҲҪһ𣿡
ĪѾһͨ뺣֮жѾ˼ֵĮһһĪӷֱӹȥ
úúãȻڲԸȥǸҾʹȥǸ縸㶮
ĪӷѾûκαİ취ȻĪԼԸ̬ȣôĪӷҲܹκαȵ̬ȡ
ҲֻԱ߲ϵظһĬĬԱ˵һ䣬һ˫֮жѾ˼ֵġ
ɣ˵ҹȥĻǾԲͬġ
ĪֱѾ˼㣬ڵ֮ҲֳԼ̬ȡ
Īӷû˱İ취ֻܵŰݷã˱Ĵ˽ȥ
ǹŵǸģǼĪʵ̫ˣ˵Сĵطǲ˼
Īӷɵϴ˼ֱϥУϵ˵
һԵʤϵıҲ൱ѿǶĪӷȫֳһӭ̬ȡ
ˣõЩǼСɸͲҳԣ˭֪Īû¶ϾǼСһ¶Ȩơ
ʤֱ˵һԼڵ̬ȣĪӷϵЦݼ˲Ѿѡ
Ϊû뵽ʤоȻһ̬ȣֻһ˲֮УȴǿڲĶľ
ôˣôʲôˣôˣ
üôˣĻĪӷֱӸ˹ȥֳԼһĵӡ
ֻ˶ѣûʲô¡
һԵʤзǳĮ˵ͲҪڵĪӷɽӽľֻĪӷɵ̬ȱֵ÷ǳȷǴ˼ֵĹϵ
һ꺮ů֮£ʤڹĮɫҲں࣬ȥˡ


181 ȥҽԺ

Ȼ¹ȥˣǶľĸðȴԽԽء
ΪֻССĸðѣû뵽ǣȻַ˸ա
ϣʤƽʱһ¥ϣҪжľ𴲡
̫ɹƨˡʤһţϸĺһ
Ƿûκζûһ
òỹɡʤЦЦûе£¥׼ˡ
ľϲʤ棬ðˣʤҲʮֳ谮ʲô͸ʲô
ⲻ֪˿̵ĶľڴϽܼ尾ϸðת˲٣ǲ֪ΪʲôϾ͸оͷԳأȫȣ˶
ôˣôȫûľڴϣڱҪһ֣Ҫ˵ȴûһ
˾ˮһЩˡ
Ϲϴ˸ˮ裬û뵽ЧľȻ졣
ߵߵߵ⴫һ󼱴ٵ
ľ۾ǰһƬģҪ˵Ҳǳ˸ɬҲ۵ĲС
ŶԵ档ʤЩģƿ˽ȥ
Щ谵ʤлǷ˶ľ쳣
棬϶ܺóԡһʶĶľ̲ס촽
ʱ򻹲ǳԣһСԻ
ҵģôộʤƿӣľɪɪۼˡͷһƬ̣ܡ
û뵽ľȻôأʤиϽܳҶľɡ
СɣˣʤѾż״ˡ
ʲôգľһϽϣ˶ľķ䡣
ĶͷоһƬ̣̲סüͷ
߰ɣȥҽԺ侲һѽľ˴ӱ
ʤˣϽ
һ·ϣľԺһЩ˵ҪôҲ壬ֻʶС
ܿ͵ҽԺľɳҽһƬ죬̲סüͷ
Ҳ֪˵һ͹ɵˣȥҪյĸɵˡ
ľãôɵˣͶˡ
ҽ㿴Ůˣ
ʤż˵
ŶľɲѺõҽҵľ˼顣


182 ļȲ

û£Ƿ˶ѣҿҩȻһͿԻؼϢˡҽΡΡдŲ
ľûʲô£ʤвһľ糺աɵӣҲ˵һҷˡ
裬ģˡľɰѶľ˲ϣü˵
ģҲ֪չһЩ㻹˵ҿ㻹ǲʤüͷƺЩֶľɡ
Լ˵ľҲû취⣬ֻεʼ硣
ҽľһ룬ָҩʤеһҲˡ
Сɵϣ鷳Ŷľ˯ľ뵽
һľˣʶҲ˲١Ժ۾ͿʤеԼ
䡭ѹɤӻЩɳƺ͸ɬ̲סü
£ҽԺðˣѾöˡ
ʤһϲǰס˶ľСһĴı
ҲǣľһʮһĺӶѡ
䣬û£Ѿˡľܵĸ׵Ĺģ̲סۿǻסᣬˣǿɾ¶ˡ
硭ŶľɺӣЩ¡
ţȻû£ǾͻؼҰɡһ硱һ٣ܿͻָ
ҽԺصңľŶľɣߵߵƨһ
ˣȥšΣľֻܰԼķ䡣
ʵˣľɲŷĵ¥׼ȥ˾
ǶľƺǲҪȥϰˣӴҪȥ˾ڼҶİڹ˾Īİԡ
ˣ⼸ڼĶҲȥǹ˾ʤп뷨ǻûڣ͸ɱҡˡ
ǡ
ûпǣϽط䡣ʤһ࣬ɲٹˡ
ŶľԽԽԶıӰľ˱죬ѹĻص˷䡣
ڴϣ˻ģоˡ
ٰĵʱͻȻĪΣҲܷŹ
ŶĪĺ⣬ľǿϵĲʣӴһֽʼƻ飬Ѿ˴ˣá


183 ҵַ

ڶĪЩֻǸʼѣ棬ľʹϲġ
Īɱĺݣݺң۸ҵʱӦ뵽һⱨӦġ
Լֽļƻļ̌ͷЦЦ԰׵һԵøⱯ
ڱжôʹ죬۸жôܡһеһУĪӦá
ΪĶҲȥľֻڼ￴緢ʤпԹԵģҲͷĵĵ˵ͷ
еҹӡȻ谮ľʤлϣľԱøá
ϣʲôɾ͸ľҳϣøŲᱻ۸ĸչԼҲڱһһǲˣǿô죿
ʤﰵģֻҪһ죬Ͳί۸
һʱȥˣľ״̬࣬ٳԷԵ㣬˯˯úˡʤпɫ࣬ο
䣬ȥľоԼ췢ùˣĿʤС
ԣˣҴȥ⼸ڼҺúϢ
һӣʤоͿʼһ뵽ܵӣһҧһźľܾˡ
ðɡΣľֻʧĻص䡣
ǰʱһֱǲûʲô֡û˿ţѰĺʱ
һ뵽ľóֻֻͨҵһit֡
壬һҵġԼûʲôˣܹ뵽Ҳֻˡ
ôòҲ֪úòãҲ֪ûҡľŴİƣĬĬ뵽
ܿ죬ǸitֻϢʾԸѰ䡣
̫ˣҺܿͿҵˣľһϲǸitṩϢ
ȻôãǹһЩ飬ǼǵúϾԼѵǶʱ䣬һֱԼ
ok˶ãҾ͸itַһϢ
źܿͿҵˣϢľ̲סǡ
ȴĹʹģڵȴitֻظԼʱľ˼˺ܶࡣ
ǲļƻǲģҲġ
εεΡֻʾ
ľֻͿǸitָԼһַ


184 壬ˣ

ַľʮָˣһĶɤˣʵ̫ˣѾ״ˡ
ĵַ𣿡ľִ֣ŶŷͳɹסҴһ¡
ǵģĵַõ˸ֵĿ϶ظľһҲͷˡ
ֵлһ˰ϲ
ŵַԽԽϤһ飬֪סڳеһߣһСʱ͵ˡ
û뵽ôľ뵽
û뿪У뿪ˣָҪòܿˡݲһˣ㿴ˣҲһϵó
ǼʹľҪҵ壬ʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪ĵַľһҲˣ޲ȥ
һ뵽ԼڱȴڼĶҲȥͳüġ
ȻܹȥҾ͵͵ȥľһ뵽һð취̲סЦ
ߵߵߵ
ͻȻһŵϽֻ˱ѡ
оõûвĵطʤ߽Ķͷ
䣬ûˣҲˡľ˱˵
û¾ͺãԹԵģȥóԵġʤһ࣬Ҳͷˡ
ʤһߣľʼﻮô͵͵ȥ
磬ʤи˺óԵģľ¥ԵıԺ󣬾ɳʤпš
ſţۿʱˣվ
䣬˯ľ
ȥ˯һɡʤľˣҲû롣
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ǼʹҲȥĲ
ʤһע⣬ľŻ͵˳ȥ
Ӽʱ±ˣ˵ĵģʱעĶŵģûб˷֡
̫ˣڳˣŷҮʿ̲סһ
ȻãҲڸǲɫĲ԰ף
Χ˷Լľһʦȥַ
˵꣬Ϳκ棬ǰڵ̫ˣ˶ЩԺЩܡ
Ǻò׳Ų׵Ĵùġ
壬ˡ


185 Դ

Ȼ֪ĵַȥԺҪô˵ˣϾǰʫ
ǲȻ¶ҪȥôͲ׷ġ
ˡ˾ʦͣ˳Ц˵
ллʦŴİĵطľǮ˳Ժվ·ϡ
ܾûеˣһϤĵطЩϰߡټϸðûкóף˶κģǰҲЩģ
ӦǱˣֻϵĵַľɶͷһ֪úȥδӡ
˿ܣΧûˣƫƧƶҲһ·ˡ
ֻܿԼˡһȻƾŸоѰǸС
ΧкöϾɵķӣṹʲôĶ࣬Ҳְ֪
֪ҾȥʡԼţԼ̲˶
ΣֻܸŸоߣţͻȻһСĴţ˿ֻϵĵַȻ־С
ôҵˣ̫ˣľһϲϽһԼ·˵Сȥ
СλúƫƧҪü·СӲſüһ˶֪ط
λƫƧ⣬СķҲϾɣΣһΧҲûˡ
һסʵЩΣաľεҡҡͷǵİΣ
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186 ľ赹

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187 ǰĶľ

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188 ˵

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189 ׷ʲô

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190 û

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191 ղ

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192 ˵Լ

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193 Ҫ

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194 Ǻ

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195 Ǹж

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196 ҽ

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197 

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Щľǰµˣеȴͬǳմһûл顣
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仰Ǹߵڿ˹һ֮ȴֶ˼ֵƽûаһش¹ʷ
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΢΢Цһ£ں˵
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Щ֪Լǰ֮УͻȥűᣬԼ֪һС
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һ뷨ʹ˼ֵŭ֪ԼˣһּȻϾҪˣҲһҪűȥͷ
ǸڶѾЩ̲סԼ֮еķŭ˾ôʱȴûм߸˷ŭˡ
ɱ˶ӵеɺƫƫûûԵʣֻҪȥɱ˶ѡ
Ӱʵ̫ˣϾһĳء
˵Ǹ߿ŵĳֱײΥ˷ҲΥ˽ͨĸ˸üץסìͷһ㡣
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198 ޹ʵı

ԭĶľĪֻɳһһʱļƻʲôû뵽򿪵ӻǲʱʱȴͻȻ俴
ʲôôӣ
տʼҲֻΪһ򵥵ĳû뵽ǸϤӰԼܵʱľôʹԭνҿһЩţΪܹ֮ٳΪأû뵽ھȻĽ
ľ᲻֪İરવĵʱľ治űˣһкܶʣΪ֪ΪʲôĪȥѵֻһͨ¹
һ֮ľǵľԲǼ򵥵һͨ¹ʶѣһЩڱĹѵô°𣿶ľԽԽΣԼȥҵĻڵܹúõĻء
ԭֵַڼ濴ţû뵽ô˾ȵϢôжһЩŶڵĶľرܣֻҪĴޡ
þԲܹȥӰʤУҲܹ֪ԼΪʲô˵Ͻ˵ӻȥԼķˡ
ĲԾʤһ¾ܹóˣʵĿʱҲʹѵģΪ֪׷ʲô飬Ҳ֪ӦȥаοֻڳŪһЩˮ˶ľǰҪͨԶÿ
ôţʲôˣ˵һ˵ɡ
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ҪʲôĻһҪҰôŶ಻ãǲ۸ˣȥ㱨𡣡
ʤʵڲ֪Ӧοľ飬ֻĬĬ˳ȥֻǸ°ˣȻڵĶľ͸һСƵģһҲûܹȥκ鰡
ľڴϱԼĴޣһֱµʵ̫ˣԼȥҲܹԼӣɱԼɣҲôĽɣϾ˲ż͵֪Ϣûа취ܵġ
ʤվһֱĿ֪ӦǺáһ֮͸ȥҲûпѸղȥĹ̳ˣѵһЩ𣿴ʱʤͻȻ뵽˶ľ١
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ʤֱҡͷϾԼ˰Ҳûʳʲô
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ôѽ鲻˵һأ
ľֻҡͷΪԼ¸еˣĴǱȽεģ˵Բܹκ֪Լ׷ʲôҲô֪Լȥҹ塣
һ򶼲֪ӦŮĵĶľʱͻȻ䷸ѡװһܵ˶ľߣǵ˵
ôǲǸĪ۸㣬ҪĻһҪңҾͲˣһҪۡ
֮󣬶ľûа취ԼƽˣΪڷǳƶؾʱĪĪĹϵġ
ԼһŬûκλرʱ򣬶ľһЩʧˣҲûа취ϾҲԼãܰõĻпܵʱҪѵԼ
ҪȻȥһµӰɣҲĸǰأܻȽϲһЩɡ
뵽ӵʱ򣬶ľԺһĻĻĳȫ˳ôܻҪȥӴӻأľ۵һ¿޳֮ľ˶ڷǳµ״̬


199 ȥ

һеһȫԴԼҵ壬ܶΪԼĻԲܳ߰һСľͻȻԼʱӦΪһЩʲôˣҪȥļúõĿһ¡
֮󣬶ľȴԼ˵ȫйˣҪȻȥΪԼ֮ǰĺùһЩ飬ָ֮嶼֪Լ֮ǰĹ۰ɡ
ղŶľ˰鶼޼µʱʵкܴĴܸУ˵˳ȥԼˣȵٴλʱ򣬷ֶľѾƽҲ˰ɣֻصԼķ䴦һЩˡ
ʱľɻˣǹ˾鴦˲ˣһ¶ľһȵԼĶȫŵ˸÷ŵĵط֮󣬶ľɾ˶ľǰ˿ڸʲô
ľԼϲܵʱ򣬶ľɱûټţ˵˿ҪϢһ£ϾĹҲǱȽæˣ߰һЩ飬˵ҪԼȥõһ
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ȥһǸļҵʲôӵġ
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ľɲöľжĺº͵ģΪһЩҲ֮飬ԴϢ˲鵽֮ľɾѾ֮ܵһµģû뵽ô졣
ľڵûرߣҪȥܵһЩֲգпܻԼŵ˰컹ǾҪȥˣǶľȴֵҪȥ˵Լɡ
ϴİ칫ַ֣ǳĺȽϿܹȥļһ¾ͺˣϾŮǷǳõģҿǸˣҲ֪ǲغˡ
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ҶľǱȽĵģЩҪȥҲǿġ
ǼȻӣ㻻·Ҵȥɡ
ľɻڶľһپ֮´ӦֻǲöľѹˣĿģľɻ벻
ǼȻӣȥ·ˣɸɾȥһ¡
Ȼ̱ȽϵͣĳһЩıȽܹǵģľɿһһ߿֮ҲƲЦһ¡
˿ųļΪøӸӣ˵ûнκ˺һͬǰľܹҵһЩ֤ݵĻͺˣ֮ǰʫҲһĹϵҹѰһЩ֤ݣҲܹΪʫһЩ顣
֮󣬶ľǿԼҪĳ嶯һֱգŴ۾һɵӣҲֻԼ᲻ѣϾطסĵطкܶζϰߡ
ȵʱ򣬲ûзκεĲԾĵطƺӵϲһЩΪǰǷǳõѣ˵ܹһЩʫӰӡ
Ůǲһģľǰʱûϸ濴ľƱȽ񾭴һֱڹ۲ŸﵽʲôϢܹԼ֮ǰİԼԼİκεİ
ȴ˵ӻһǻǸϤˣһֱǳϲԼƵĶľôܹ֪Ǹʲôأ
Ǹʲôѽ
ڶľָ֮£ľҲǸ˹ȥû뵽ȷʵһᣬƸȴʫġ
ϸԼ·ʫֱһģһʫǷǳĻأܶ˶ʶĻַȻöľʮϤġ
Ǵַ֮һ˾ÿԵĵطǾǴһšľŵʱ¶ľɻһ㣬óݸ
ֻǿʱ˳ܲ


200 µ

˵ûп֮еݣǽǿǸ棬ϣ˫ֶЩ̲סĲ
ֻҪ뵽ǸŮˣᣬԼõŮ˾Ϊ뿪ˣлܵ޲Ҫըѿ
ޣԼҲĪˡ
Ժֳָ˵컹һأ벻һ˵ûûˣϰ
õľ͹ʱ򣬶ľ΢΢üͷѸٵĴֽͿµ֡
磬ǲǸдʲôѽľգգ۾¶ĿŶľɾڶľûע⵽һŵ̽ɼ
ҪŵݣЩѾΪһ㶫ˡ
ԣľɲ۶ľҡҡͷ
Ӧǵġ˵
ϾܹЩطģӦҲֻˡ
ԣľգգ۾ԵЩӣҲû뵽һ֣ѾµԼĽ𣿻
ľаԲ²ţȻţԼһͻ֪ģ
Ȼ۹һתͿϻһСһỤU̱Ƿŷģֱľŷ֮ǰ
״ľ΢΢۾ָ˵磡ж
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ľɴ˶ץ꣬ƺǴ㿪ʼеݣľɳЦܵ˶ľɵߣίĿ磬Ҳ˵ʲô
ľҲ룬ȡ˸ϣڶľ֮Īĸ飬Ȼ˵ȴҲǲ֧֡
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ľɲѾ㿪ļʹһϤᶯ
էһϤľֱһƵģȻʹһ£
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ڿɲǱʹĵʱ̾͵һԼʼרĵ¼ϵݡϾĿǰҪ顣
¼˵һʱܾЩ쳣ƺڰжңܸо˫۾һֱ͵͵ĹۿΪԼ̫УտʼҲû̫⡣ǺǶڵԼ¶ҷˣҲףҵֱûд
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201 ̽

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¼˵ЩʲôѾȫˣȫһֽźͿ־塣
Ī᲻ѾˣǱϿƽѵ׼ԼϹǻʲôı
ҪѾҸ棬Ϊʲô̶ҶأѵǲҴõʲôܵϢȻй¶
ľһ˲뵽Īһϵоٶǿƽûʲôرж
˿ܼеǣͷϵ֮ڻûжֻ֣ǻڵȸʵʱݺˣ
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λǿյģĪûе˾ľһۣ˸λһߵš
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һˣĪɫ˲ѿԭľĲУƫƫŮ˻
ԣľϵûʲô仯ֲɵչҪ̽̽ĪǸʲô̬ȡ
һĪûʲôԾĵط
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Īûİһۡ
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һ߿ĵţһ߾߻ص˶ľɵİ칫ҡ
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ȻйϵĻЩ̽Ӧöȥģҵټ˵ĻҲΣաȻʶľˣĪ֮Ĺϵ϶ģҪǱĪݶŮ֪ˣǿɾˣ
ľԽԽţѾ߳һϸϸ亹
úܿ죬ѸٵתţУһĪ֪飡κοڵĻᣡ


202 鳵

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Χвٵˣġ
ѾͷҲ̫ϧˣССģȻӣ
ǰǰЩ˿Ҳ̫Сˣãıˣ
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ͣ߶µĽ֮ǰЩȫ˵˳
ʱر죬ֱӳ߹
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ľĳ¹ʣѾҵˣڱץھ
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ľ˵仰̹Ҷ˵绰Ȼ԰칫ǰվִ¼˼˫ףϣ׼ȥ
ľѾ˵绰ݣֱײѾҵֿľ׼ȥ鿴ԼҲƲסеļҪһȥ
ҲæǰվԶľ˵Ҳһȥ
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ľһԼܾˣ̾ͱúܲ⣬һ˫СҲľҪȥڰ칫ˣҪȥתת
סľĿధ󣬶ľ֮£ֻðһȥˡ
һ·ϵ˾֣ͿǸߡڶʣʲôҲ˵
֮£ֻ˴˼¼񣬷ʱǿųӹײȥġ
һУģҪҲûκεİ취


203 ԭ

ߴʱ汻ţľʮֵҪ֪浽׷ʲôľԼҪȥ뷨
ҪҪȥһǵڸʲôѽ
˶ľҪȥ鿴ʱ򣬶ľɴʱҲǷǳεģСʲôǷǳģֻԸˡ
ȻˣһŶ
֮ǰľܵԱȥһ绰һѶҵ˱ţ˽ȥˡ
֮ͨһϵй۲Ůһ飬߿ܶԼ޶ʮ⵽Ϊ֮ĺգǸǴǮóġ
ǰһĻĻľͻȻÿһǸָ߱¶
ȻڵĶľǱȽɵӣҲܹͨԼĻװȽɵҲܹͨһЩ̼˵ġ
ֻľקһ¶ľɵ䣬÷ǳɰ˵
磬ʲôԵѽ
ľڿ˿ܣֲʺȥ˵һЩڳԵĵ⣬ϾһȽĻ˵ǳľͷĸ
϶ϲԵȲҪˣھ֣һץߵġ
˶ľô˵֮ľ䲻˵ˣһ֮ĵ˶ľɵĶߣҪ˵һЩ˿ûбСȽеģΪ˾
嵽ôѽǷֿ᲻ѽ
ô˵ʱ򣬶ľͶסˣѾӵһЩ
Ȼǳˣͼ˷ֿĵˡ
Щļ𣿡ľ˵
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֮ĶԻʵ˷ֱһЩûа취ˣʱڳ˶оһЩ֪ˡ
Ͼɱ˵ףҪܹ̹׵ĻܹһЩͣڿҪеȫˡ
ʱʮֵܣǾҲֻȷϢ֮󣬲ܹƾԼͬľͽߣҪȹη棬˾Բܹ̽ӡ
ߺҪ˵Щʲôûа취ſԼͣĬĬذԼеĿȫŽĵˡ
ңһжġ
ʱĶľɺҲˣľҪݵһЩϢҿ߽ʵʩ˵ܱԼЩҪһЩɣܹǸ˽Ļܹмϡ
˶ľɺͶľԱ߻ʱߵһرŴȴǱҸԱһ֮󣬷Լ̫ɱˣΪһЩǮƱľ
˵ɣľȫ˵Ҫ͵ˡ
쿴һֱڿʱҲﵽʲôܹ̹״ӿĻҲܹһЩʱ˷ʱĻпܾͻһֱӼˡ
ʱߵֻˣӴģ쿴ó绰ǳӣ׼˵绰һְӵıסԼˡ
ȻЩ㶼ǵôϸûκεƫǾѾԶˣҪٴθĵĻͻǳˣ˵ʲô˵Ļ͸Ͻ˵ɡ
ʵҲһͨߣֻҪ򵥵ŪһĻҲǱȽһ飬ڱָʹĻɾͲһˣȥ˵ıǱȽϷģڱָʹģܸӵķƶϡ
߱޵ʱЩ浱ȻζˣһЩڷ֮󣬲ͻȻʶԼҲкܶҪԼġ
һվҪԼı¼ǩ֣ʱ߳ٳٲǩ֡
ĶûĻ͸Ͻǩ֣ҲˣĻҪ˵˵ˡ
֧ʣʮֵľᣬ뵽ԼӺӵʱ˵
ʲô˵Ҹղ˵ĸͲһģʵڱָʹǸ˽ͨˣȥײһˣʱؽġ
ô˵ʱ򣬾ٴȷϵǷżʱ±ߵٴȷȫûºǽ¼ıһ£׼ȥץ
ں֪ʶԭǵߣʵľͲµˣϾһǳɵˣǵĻûа취ܺõĶȹ˰ɡ


204 

֮ڶľǳҪȥץסΪʱԴĶҪԼԼ۱˵Ҫۿץܹ֮ĵ뿪
ȥץ˰ɡ
֮£ľɴһ˾ĳ
ס֮󿴵춯ʮץסȻ˵ҲҪܣǾһӾͰסˡ
Сһ㡣
һֱŮһ˵ıܼš
ӦҪˣΪĳӺŵĶһЩƷԼܶǮҪڵľ̫ͻȻ
ܹһʱͻĳɸϽܰɣϾ뿪Ƿ֮زӦȷѡ
ȻΥ飬һþץߣһֱڵţǸǳҪǮ˵ӦòԼģǲô˴£滹ǻһЩġ
ȵץߵʱ򣬶ľɺͶľҲ˳˶ľһ̣ͻȻΪǶľǰǸʱ򿴵˶ľǵаЦݣǳľս˾
ҸղҪͶľ˵ſ֮󾯲Ͱ˽ȥľʵҲȽϵ˵ʲôԼǳεĻǸʱ˵˾ͻľһЩԼôܸԼôεʱأ
󻵵ץסˡ
ľһԼָһţΪҲǿĵģԼĹ۱˳
ҲֻǸոտʼѣԼǰЩҲܿήٵǵϡľţʱؽȥˣǱϻװһǳɰӡ
԰ڰͻؼȥɡЩģǶԼˮƽûţ
ľɿô˵ˣöľҲһЩˣڶľҲʼһЩ˰ɡ
ľôѾܹµˡ˵ȽɵЦЦҪöľɶĻȥ
ҿǺܺõĽأŵĻһ
Ϊղľʱı鱻ľɽĿǲǶľʲôԼҿѾʼлָˣû񵱳ĳɵˡ
˶ľô˵ʱ򣬶ľɻ޷˵ϾԼɻʱҲǻԼĬĬ˵Լġ
ľȻ˶ľɣڵһЩĵģΪ֪Ĵֵʲô
ҪܹӼĻҲԼӰ컹ǺܴģʱҪǽҴԼĻǾͲˣ˵ķչһҪһЩԷʱ˲𴩡
ҹľҲһֱûкúõȥһֱæЩ鶼쵢ˣҶľɺԼźܴϲʱͨԼܹöľ֪Īһʲôˣ˵֮ҲҪճˡ
һ·Ҳûô˵Լ뷨飬öľɺͶľ֮ȷʵкܶĲ¼ɸɣľɿ˶ľӵʱҲԺеĻҲȫټˡ
ɣһȰŵ棬Ȼѧϰһʱ֮ȥѧϰһЩƷɡ
Ϊ˾һЩæ˵ľɲöľȥ˾ˣǱȽ϶ģߵ̫˶飬ǣľĻɾͲ̫
գ
ľôԣľ΢΢ڼ滹ܹϢһ£ҶľҲкܶ뷨ҪͨϢĵԼɡ
ȵľɰѶľŵ˼ִ֮Ҵҵ뿪ˣ֮ľصҡһЩúõԼԺһ顣ͻȻÿһЩָӵģ˺пĪΪһֱһЩϸ˵ء
ĪڶľһĲֵڵҲڶľҲʲô˰ɣʲôʦԼһɵƳĶʤˣܹһʱĪҲᱻԼ׵ĸʰ˰ɣ뵽ľͷǳĿģҪñˣЩһȫҪΪ֮ǰΪۡ
ôĵطľͻȻ뵽ԼĹۣʧ䣬ҾԼĲиŬץסˣڵٶļͥӦҲûа취˰ɡ뵽ЩľһЩ˸УǺܿװһӣϾ֮ҲҪԼһ˾ͺúԵġ
㱨


205 Ī̬

ȥˣǾ͸ҪĿĪıʹϾΪ䵽ľģҪûһЩӦĻҲ̫˰ɡ
Īȷʵǵ֪飬Ϊϵ֮ûϵ˵СԭΪΪС£ľ뿪ȥ˹⣬ڿĳָͲӵġ
˼ֲ֮û˻ӦĪ׼뿪ˣϾ˵ʲôǣֻһЩĶѣҪĽչʲôġ
ʱԱߵھͻȻŴˣǱЩƵİˣ˵ŻһС
ʱ˸˵ѾŪˣǸԼ鷳𣿡
ھ˵֮ĪҲ˵ͷʾǳĸлҲǺܺµģϾΪԼŻΪ˵еİųɿػصԼļС
ص֮ĪʵһЩ£Ϊ֪׶Ҫ᲻ԼҪǹĻεĿɾˣҵڣҪȥεĻôأȻиԸΪԼ飬ĪȻõĻˡ
ȵ˼ƿ֮ĪͻȻ뵽ʵҲǰһõķʽ֮вԼĻǿɾͲˣ˵ȥεһҪΪһʵУԲܹһԼһĻᡣ
ǵȵڶʱĪ𴲣Լ÷ǳҪԼɫ֮ͽʱҲҪȥΪĪȥеʲô
ѳ÷ɿ죬ܿ˹ĵطˡȵʱʵǷǳĽŵģΪ֪ûаԼҪǹĻпܽԼһˡ
⼸ôûкúóԷ浽û۸㰡
һĪĹһ˽ȥΪǱȽϹԼģ˵ҲǺůģԼΪô顣
аɣԵҲȻûڼĺˣ氲ĴûЩ߰ҲǺܺõġ
Īˣô˵֮Ҳܹ֪˵ӦûаԼҪǹĻͲ˵̫ˡ
̫ллΪһˣû뵽ôõ飬һǷǳлл㣬ҪһģúõĴŰɣѾĶȫˣһʱһġ
Īô˵ӵһЩжˣ͸ȱһһĪ˵ʲôš
˵˵ʱܿ͵ˣֻǺһ֮ĪʹҴҵĲˣȵӼʱĪ¶һЩаЦݣΪԼˡ
ô֮Ҳõˣ鲻֮ǰĺȫڸˣһԼʮҲ˽ȥһӳˡ
ʱ÷ǳǺܳªģǿųһ˶ľɵĹ˾ľ湤ʱĪҲԼʵзǳĻģϾκ˶Ůûκεĵֿġ
ʱɿΪľɴˮĪ˹Ūһ֮󣬲Ÿ߸Ь뵽İ칫ҵС
ʱҪܹڶľר־ʱһ˼ƵĻҲܹϲء
Ūˣľ㳢
ļ̌ͷһû뵽ĪֱҪĪҪʹʲôĻУϾԴϴεƷ棬ľɾͶһЩˣھȻǵĹ˾Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
ʮлл㣬ﵽʲôأ
ΪĪΪ˹ľģ˵Լ˵ʲôԭ򶼻Եʮֵʣ˵εЦЦ
ԱߵĶľĪ΢΢üͷŮ˽յôˣ
ԭΪĪٻΪһЩӰ죬ֻ鲢ģûӰ죬ڻܹЦݵĶԴľɡ
Ŷľɵɫƺÿ
磬㿴ôʱԱŵĶľգգ۾ͼ˸߲ҵܵ˶ľɵߣͼϡ
һӽĪĴڸи͵޵ľأԿɫһӺ
ֻĶľ˳ŶľĻͷϵͼƵĻֻмطҪע⡣˵ţʼľ
һӣĪ˼ǲסǸˣҧҧ˵˾䡰ܲټֻת뿪
ľûһȻʱĵôҲ˵ȥ
칫ĶľŸ߸Ь첽뿪һ˿ŶľɵĽ⣬棬ĳƷ츳Ȱ


206 еĻ

ĪΪѾԴ˼ֺõ˼֪Ѿ˼֮
Ī˲Ѿ΢΢һȫĶѾ
֪ȫֱƵϣԼûκεĹϵ
˵ĪȫҲѾͶע˶ľٵϣȲľҪúõֺһ¶ľ١
ֺֻõ˶ľ٣ԼҪܹһ˳ûκεĲۡ
ֻľٶĪֺȴ飬֮жѾ˼ֵжûκεı̬
һԵĶľ˶ľһֿۣɽĪһû˵
ҸոյõĲȡ
ĪȫԼ̬ѹƵͣһһ㲻ϵԱһЩ˲赹ˮĻ
ľ΢΢һüëһˮ֮ж˼ֵӶ
ǵİ칫רŵ飬㻹ǲҪԼȥˣѵһʦĪ˵־ģ
ľڵ仰Ѿûκεػأ˵Ѿȫȫ˼
Īľ˵仰֮ɫ˲Ѿ΢΢ı仯һ£˫ֽ߬ȭͷ֮ж˼ֵĿ־塣
Īû뵽ԼڶľٵֺãڶľٵͲʲôֺá
˵ľٷǳڵΪ
ҲֻҪܹȵһڲѣݲļǳĸ߶ˡ
Īֻһ飬һڶľ˵ȴûһ
ҪڲҪҵİ칫æǰæôû飬һݵʱ䣬㻹úõĻȥ˼һԼͼҪôŪ
ľֱ˵˵֮ж˼ֲͷ˼
ҵİ칫Щˣ㻹ǿȥɡ
ľֱӰԼеȫˣ֮Уһ˫֮ж˼ֵĲᷳ
ĪھƤٺҲûа취ܹ칫ҵУΪĴѾöľٸо˲졣
Ī˫ֽ߬ȭͷ֮жѾ˼ֱ˼
û뵽ľھȻûκεԼ˵֮жѾ˼ֵϡ
ĪڸͲ֪ԼˣʲôŻöľٱֳһ̬ȡ
ֻĪٲԸҲֻܹ뿪˰칫ҡ
Ϊ֪ԼĻ¶ľҲԲκεĺת̬ȡ
˵ΪԼǿӲԼһ̬ᷳȡ
ھ뿪ˣбĻһҪǵҡ
Ī΢΢Ĵ˼ֵЦݣһЦ֮ȴǶ˼ֵǿ
ΪڸͲҪ뿪֮ϾҪ뿪ȫΪľٵ̬ȡ
ľԱߵ˵ͷ֮жѾ˼ֵĲͷ
ǵڣľٵ̬Ҳûκһĺת
ľ֮ж˼ֵЦ̣ڶľٵһ̬֮֮о̲סĶ˼ֵˬ졣
ĪǿҪڶľٵΣǶľٽǸһʸ
Īǿ뿪һ칫ң뿪ʱᵱеһˮƺϾҪȥһ㡣
ΪͲ֪Լʲô
һĪ뿪֮󣬶ľٵֱӰѽ½ԼһƸϣĪԼһƸǿеĶԱȡ
ľҲǿƸԵֻǿһۣѾܹе֮
ĪƸֻǽһЩ޸ģ˵˵Ūɳ׾ԭЩѩ̵ƸС
ȫԳֳһַǳӣֻĪƸȴȫֳһֲ̫Ķ
ľ֮зǳףԲĪ漰ģΪƾܹյĶûа취ܹƳ
Ще
ľٵ֮Ѿ˼עĸоʱͻȻҪ̽һľ
ΪܸоڵĶľƺҲͲǴǰĶľģܹյĶѾ˼ֵĲͬ
ֱ˵˶ľϣж˼ֵЦ⡣
Ƹܹܲ˵ʲôеĲͬط
ľٻ˵ľ˶ľֱ˵ĵԼ֮΢Щ顣
Ϊ˵˵Ļ⼸ֲͬĵطȫָϳֻһմͲܹʵ


207 СԽ

Ƕľٵ̬ȷǳǿӲڶľǿˣȥĿİͰ͵ָϳ
ﻹҸоżݲͬĵطһǾһݸȽϺá
ľϵİмǳ׶ĶȫָϳǳҪľԼһݸǳ
ľԱߵ˵ͷ֮ж˼ֵĺɡ
Ϊܹܵľ̬ת䣬оЩ鳬Լƿء
ľѾĲľٶԼĻɣֻûа취ܹϴѵһݻɡ
ΪҪԼǰеȫԩѩĻôͱһݸı䣬һһĸı䣬˶ûвеľֱӱһˡ
ڶľѾ¶һݾģҲûôҪֱӴľٶԼлɡ
ľԱ߿˶ľָеط֮Աĵ˵ͷЩȷһѾֳ
ĵطû뵽ľȻôѾܹеĵطȫָϳ
ûЩطȷͬ˵һ㣬ҲмĴڣһѾʦھȻͬһСӡ
ľٵ̬֮д˼ֵĮǳ
ľڲֱӴĪһԡ
ΪҪ֪ĪҪʲôһƸΪľĲ
Ҳûа취ܹ³統С
ĪȴѾõһƸֻеĺɵ㣬Ѿ㹻öľҪвһ̽еࡣ
ľٲûڶڶľκεĻɲ²⡣
֮󣬶ľֱſ˶ľٵϣԼĴ۾
Ҫʲô
ľԴε˵һ˫֮жѾ˼ֵĳ硣
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ľԼĴ۾֮Աߴż֣һ˵
һ˫֮жѾ˼ֵĿ
ľ΢ε̾һͷ֮жѾ˼ֵΡ
ԺúõڼţǾԲȥģڻб顣
ľٵ̬ȵд˼ֵǿӲûκοػص̬ȡ
ˣҪȥ棬акòҿ϶κε鷳ġ
ľͲҪӦľٵһݾܾԱߴ˼ĺ˵
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ľٵ̬ȻһǿӲûиľκܹǵĻᣬֱ˵һ䡣
ľ˱죬һ˫۾֮еˮƺϾҪһ㡣
ľڿǰһ֮󣬼˲ѾЩ֪ԼһǴӺζԱԴ˼εĵ˵ͷ
ֻһλᣬһҪȥĻҿɾҪúõĿǿˡ
ľ֮Ѿ˼ֵΣΪ֪Լûκεİ취ֱܹ˵ľܾľ
ֱӰӦȻ˵֪ԼڵĽεġ
ľһͬǵõʲôĳŵһѸٵԱ߿
ȵ2ʱ򣬶ľٲûֱӽ뵽ԼĹ˾ڶľĳŵ˺ܿѾһСԽ֡
һĪӷҲľѾõеϢѸٵܵСԽֵС
ڶľѾСԽֵ޷԰ΣһóԵģһóԵĳԵòֺ
ľٿľ˿ĵģ֮ԱҲ΢΢Լ
ڶľٿĶľ˿ĵһģ֮ȴԼӦǼΪҪ
Ǿһ˲֮Уľȴһ֮ͣǾĪӷɡ
ĪӷԴεվСԽֵǰ棬һֱĶס˶ľ
ľ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ֮жѾ˼ֵĮһ˲俴Īӷ֮֮еȻҲЩá
СԽˣ̫ˡ
Īӷ΢˼ε˵ΪƽյǾԲֵطġ
ڹΪ˶סľѡ
ĪӷɵĹΪŶڶľ֮еζֻڶľĪӷ֮󣬻ǲ䲻ȵ̬ȡ
ӷɸҲˣ
ľ֮д˼ֵĮͬһ̬һ㣬ûκεĻ͡
ĪӷԱεͷֻܵ˵ͷ˵һ䡣
氡


208 ԵʹȻ

ĪӷɴֻЩΣǶľϴĪӷɣҲֻһĮ̬ȶԴѣͲǰȺ
ĪӷҲ֪Լʲô飬ԾǶľһ̬ԴҲԸΧ˶ľ࣬Լȥľƨɡ
ľĪӷɵ֮֮ж˼ֵΣԭΪԼм䵭̬ԴĪӷɣĪӷɾܹ֪ѶˣѸٵ뿪
ȴˣĪӷڶԼ̬֮䣬ϣԼĳůԼ
Īӷɲ֪Ѿһ㣬˵һ˲䵱Уеĸ鶼Ѿûκεİ취ܹԭ
еһѾ֮ͬǰ
ֻĪӷԼȥƨɣľҲܹκεϡ
Ϊ߶ľٻû˵ʲôǶľֱ˵Ľеϣ»෴
ڲǶľֳһͷӡ
һԵĶľٶѾԴ˼ֵķŭԭΪһ֮ԼᣬмȴһĪӷɡ
˷ǳεСԽֵвϵţҲֻǶľٺĪӷɣˡ
ľװһ൱̹ģСԽιģѹŸָĺóԵġ
һ˲֮УľĽŲͻȻ֮ͣˣΪײһˡ
ľԼԴһ̧ͷȴúÿҲֵĪ
ĪϵЦݼ˲Ѿ΢΢Ӳվľ֮жļֵķŭ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ
һĪΪԼǳѣԼԼĺýý£һ˲֮䣬ȴһԼ뿴ǸˣǾǶľ
ҵû뵽һιȻһҲϲˡ
ĪҧгݵԱ˵
Ī˵ʲôأ
ں˵һ仰֮ԱߵĪӷɼ˲Ѿ˵һ䡣
Īӷɼǽ߾ȫҪԼͶľ֮ĹϵͲҪԼƻԼȫŬ
磬ôҲ
ĪſˣĪӷҲһ˲֮С
˲Ѿ΢΢Ĵ˼ֵĻңΪһγֻжľԼһˡ
ͻȻתԼ뷨Ҳ֪ľһմôܻԼһ˳лŶľһ
뷨֮Ī˲Ѿĵطһ£ȻվһǸ嶵ˡ
ĪʶһڿˮһƴҪڶľٵǰһӡ󣬵ȴȫѾˡ
ոյ˵ʲôϽǸ
ĪӷɾͬûпĪеĻһ㣬Ա˵Ѿ˼ֱȵζ
ΪʲôҪҵǸʲôҲǸ
Īڷ˼ȫȥ̬ȣܲ˵˵һĺ̬ȶѾȫʧ
ͲԼĸΪʲôڶľôãǴѹԼͷϡ
ԼĪӷΨһֻڶľΪĪӷɵһ㡣
Լֻһ޹ؽҪһ㣬վԱ߷ǳε֪ԼΪʲôһҪ뵽ô˵еս档
㵽Ҫʲô˵ǸͿԳ׵˽⣬˵ûʲô飬ΪʲôƫƫҪͶľȥ
ĪӷҲ΢˼ֵĻңͲ֪ΪʲôĪͶľ˵ĲϣһҪ֡
ҾǲҪǸھҪ֪ӹˣҲԲǸģʲôһմҲ߲ϵĪҲѾ˼йŭ̬ȣ߲ϵ˵˼ڿ
ĪǺЦһֱ֮˵˵ģһ˫֮жѾ˼ֵĮ
ҾһĻһƾʲôƾʲô˶ҪѵΪһմĻҲҵ֢ɡ
ĪڲԵ˵ģź޲ȫµ˶֪ľһմû˻Ŷľ
һԵĶľɫ˲Ѿ׵׵䵭˫ֽ߬ɵȭͷ֮дϵüֵķŭ
ұ죡
Īӷɷŭ˵ѾŶľٵɫѸٵ䵭
˵Ī޶ԵָȥĳôģĪǾԲõκһ³
˵죬ܹܲҪһøһ󳳴


209 ø

ĪĪӷ˵һ֮֮иǶ˼ֵš
ҾͲҾͲ˵ҲԲǸģҵҪ֪֪ܹô
Īϵ˵һƺһ㣬һ˫֮жѾ˼ֵη
Īӷɵϼ˲ļֲŵı֣ԼԭôһãڵΪʲôǰͬøһӡ
֪֪㵽˵Щʲô֪֪
ĪӷҲŭϵʳһҪһС
ĪͲףԼĸ絽ڸʲô
ĪӷֻҪеһУͲҪĪټľ١
ĪӷֻԼòһУȴǳ׵׵ıĪȫٵˡ
ĪǺǵЦһ˫֮ж˼ֵķŭ
㲻Ҫľʣµһֻū𣬶ľپѾһūĪҲҪϸȥ
֪Ϊʲôһ˲֮ĪֻҪ׵׵ģԼеȫйԼ֮ǰ˵ĻҲѾȫ˵ˡ
Ī˵һֱԭеŬֻһūʵ̫ʧ˰ɣ
ĪӷɸͲţԼĶ浽ʲôֱţԼɾһãȴ˷һģ
ûھģôڲŷһˣǲǾЩʧΪԼһ˼˸һմʧ𣿡
Īϵ˵һƵϵظһ仰ǾڿĪӷɡ
ֱʵ̫ʧˡ
Īӷҧгݵ˵仰͵һƣֱӺݺݵĪ
ĪеĻѾױһȫĨ
ĪסԼ֮жļֵĲţǵڶƵģĪӷΪ˶ľԼĵڶơ
ȻҴңľôҪöҪһֱһɣһū
Ī˵һ仰ֱ֮ӷŭת뿪Ĳ˼ַŭһ㡣
վһ߿꣬ȫĴܹ֮΢ε׷Ī
Īӷ֮еķŭҲѾȫȥʱ΢ЩΡ
ԼոЩ鶼Ĵйһ㣬ʧȥԼǡ
ľֻǾվһԣûκεıһ˫֮ж˼ֵƽ
Īӷһ֮ƽһԼ飬ϴ˼ֵЦݣͶľվһ
Բ𣬸ոյ黹ҵĴҲӦ㣡
Īӷڵ֮Ѿ˼ֵǸ⣬û뵽һβǼ򵥵ѣͼôķպͻˡ
ûϵģҲûоЩŭ
Ȼ˵ľڵ֮ѾЩѹƲס
ǿĪӷɵһģ뵽Īӷ֮ǰЩ֮
ľ֮еȴǱ֮仺ƽϢˡ
ȥɣ㲻Ҫ
Īӷɼľһģ֮󣬼˲ѾԱϵһ䣬һ˫֮жѾ˼ֵĿ
ľߵ˵ͷֳԼһƽӡ
Īӷɼľһ֮Ȼ֮һֻ֮жĪһ̬ȣǸӶ˼ֵķŭ
֪ĪǶڶľһķŭڲеľһľûһëǮĹϵ
һĪŭ뿪֮ԭĪӷܹ׷ԼǸ
ϾոĪӷɿֱ˦Լһڴ֮ͥУǿҵĽԼѹ˵ϡ
Ǿһ˲֮УĪϵĵȴУĪӷȴûй
˵ĪŤͷȥһ˲֮УĪӷվ˶ľ࣬ڵǸһ㡣
Ī֮ж˼ֵĲţ֮еҲڲϵۻС
û뵽ԼĸھȻһжܹοԼãܹȥοľ
ǸľᰡֻһմΪʲôӵһĥ£ܹ˶Χߣҿһ
һߵĽ»ڲϵ˵һ
ҿܾǼװģϾһо񲡵Ļߣпܹ˶һְο
¼Ī֮еַŭ֮󣬼Աੲݵ˵š
ûΪʲôҵĸǿһأ


210 

ĪϾµױҲڵסϵŭ⣬һѻŭԽԽƣͷϵֱֱ̫ĪЩŤϡ
ʮָȹ󵽷ҲȻ֪һ˫ϬĶһط
ľһùģ͸ҵŰɣ仰ǴＷġ
Īһ񶾵뷨ľϳ׵ʧ˵ĻǲһжԻصǰĪӷҲĮˡ
öľʧֻһ취Ǿ˶ã۲Ĳһﶼ
Ī䴽һЦϵı£ͬӣһ񶾵뷨ѿ
ľⶼֿԣɱĺˡ
ĪȭͷսһЩӰóֻһ绰ֻü׺ݵԵ绰ͷ˵ԣҪǰ֮Ҫ״ʧ
ߵĽĪ˵仰ʱܵһವķ˲̲סһս
һߣľͶľٻĪӷɼҪСԽֶһ飬ֻҪöľĹ۵Сԣľٶһһ£һȦԭձĶӶһȦ
пǺȵˮ̫ˣԶľƵƵȥϲľųž͸ܵһ⣬ѾNҪϲˣľЩεĿŶľٻĪӷɡ
Īӷע⵽˶ľɫĹ죬ĵʵôˣǲ岻ɫ̫á
ľҡҡͷǣϲˡ˵꣬˼ͷ
ĪӷҲЩΣãȥɡ룬ںȥأǾ㣬ҪҲǣ͵绰ϵɡ
ľͷͷɿķȥ
ǵܵķɿӰĪӷɴ΢΢۽Ϲһ˿Ц⣬ǿɰתͷȴֶľһĿ⿴߹ȥһ¶ľٵļʵôˣ
ľҡҡͷֲڿ㶵۾ĵطûʲô
ľ׼ߵʱͻȻ͸ܵǰһڰʶĴһܹܵиϵ°֪˭
Ī˼˸ٶľǶľٺĪӷһֱڶľߣ޴֣ڶľϲˣҪȻҲô׵֣ǻ첻ˣ
˭Ҹųȥľڴ֪ʲôô
ܶľ˲ͷüͷĿڸסˣв˵ˣ˵Ļҿָʲô
ľû־ͣҶţҲĶŭ⼸ˣڶľʱͻȻܵһʹУȻ͸оһѣθУ˹ȥ
ͣˣ湻ڵġһ˲ıԹ
߰ɣ˷ˡһִ󺺼ϱһӣվŮſԵЩ롣
ľӺСԱװҲװһˣ˿ˣҲֻǾװ˼ҾߣҲûлɡ
һߣľٺĪӷһֱԭصȶľ˺ܾãûпϴޣôùȥҲӦû˰ɣѵǳʲô뷨Ժһ¾ͻˡ
Īӷɵǵʵôȥôûûѽʲô˰ɣԼĵ˵ľ
ľ۾΢߰ɣȥ
һѰҶľһ߲ĵ绰ǻӦǵĶǲһ˿еĻеŮԲĵ绰ʱ޷ͨԺٲ
ŮȥѰҶľȻ˵ľڲˣǺżǸǲŮ棬ֻһߴŶľ֣˶һ۹⿴ǡ
ǶľٺĪӷڹ˲˵Ŀ⣬ĶǶľ
Ǻúܴ˲˵Ƕľˡ
˵ȥ˰òǱ˰˰ɣĪӷüûЩ꣬ż
˵ˣȸϿȥɣľٵĽüԶľĵǲĪӷɵ١
ľԵ޹ʵĴӲʧˣ˱˰ܣҲ벻ľʧԵˡ
ľľǺжľֵʱ򣬲ٵñ˵Ŀ⿴ǣľٺĪӷﱻӿΪ˶ľҲ˲ôˡ
СԽһֱҶľӰͻȻ뵽һ£ľǱ˰˵Ļǿ϶ͲСԽˣ϶뿪ҾľȥϲѾһʱˣҲ֪ľʲôʱ򱻱˰ܵġ


211¶ķϹ

׳װŶľ˺ϡ
ʹ֮󣬶ľҲӻԵ˹۾֮ǰһƬ谵ӲʹڸղŷЩʲô£ȴѾסˣ޷ѣʶһ֮󣬶ľйżһи
ͻȻԽһóϵ˶һ£ľҲųӵĻζһ¡
ףǱ˰ˣǸΪʲôҪأ
ͻȻǰ˵ˣľϸ˵ϣԴǵĶԻеõһЩ
Ѿܵˣ˵ɣҪ͵ȥ㴦áһ׳˵
Ī˰ܵˣŵЦݣͰ˸͵ķϹУİɣȻٲǵġ
׳ᣬԶľܹ绰ͷ˵ʲô
Ǹ˵ʱľ΢΢һ㶣ôҲˣⲻĪ
Ҳ˺ĪйŤ֮⣬ҲûٺйŤˣĪ˭أ
ľɫѸޱ飬ĺȴԽԽʢ
ĪʲôˣܲԸͲ֪ˡ
Ȼ˰סˣǲûӰֽŸסԶľܹɻģӿ㶵ֻ˳ǰľ룬ǲͨ˶ľɵĵ绰
ڽӵľĵ绰ʱľڰ칫ﴦŹ񣬿ĻŶľ֣ľ΢΢һ㶣ǰѵ绰ͨˡ
ľû˵ֻˣ洫һOO@@ľ±ǰ˸Ҳ˵˶ųĬ
ľ绰ֲ˵ֵʱͻȻͲﴫһ
ǿ׬ˣֻǰһ˰ȥͿõôǮǸ˿ǸԩͷԺǿҪһԵƴƴЩǿ
ľССһţȻûеǸԩͷ˭֪ǸָĪ
ľȴ˵Ļһ֪ľԵ޹ʸ绰ģ绰ֻΣա
˵ĺȻüĺͫӿ˱һĺ⣬һֱߣ˫ͨ죬̫Ѩ͹,һһġ
֪ľʲôֻ֪Σա
ľ°ֻŻ˿㶵ǲûаѵ绰Ҷϣ֪˶ãһطܹͣܵǰ˳˺
ӱһӾʧȥģ̲סһæסԼ͡
绰ͷĶľľĽı߸ߵٿȻȭڰ칫ϵֶֹסز
ҪǴˣ㿴˵ţ׳Ͱ⿪ˣȻ⿪ˣ׳һӰѶľ˫ָסˡ
ͻĹöľЩӦգգ۾һӦſǰ˵Ŀ
վǰǸĪأӸµĿ
ľ벻ɣҡĪ΢΢
ľͷ˿ܣ͸һɾǿ
ĪľӣЦ˼Ѿͷˣϵͷ
֪Ұʲô𣿡ĪбĿŶľ
ľ°ͣûкµ˼ô֪Ҫʲôʲô˵ˣӣʲôˣ֪˵ĻҲȥɡ
ž
ȶľ˵֮һİڿյķϹ
ĪֺܿشӶľ뿪Ȼóһֽ˲֣ƺղʲôĶһ
ľѸٳһӡӣŰϣԵЩ롣
ĪŶľҧгݵ˵ǺãҲͲˣľҰǣ֪ж㣬Һ޲ھʧ
ղĪܴ󣬴ڶľʹĸоһûԣֻǻͷ˻ĪͻȻЦЦԽԽ
ӼŭĪҪľޣЦ
ľôͲأ˵ĻöðˣϵĿˡĪߺ޵ĿͶľ޲ֱѡ
Ī˵ĻͲľֻŴͲﴫ۵¶ȻͣԨһڰ
û뵽ĪȻ񶾵ˣȻöľ
ľ߬ȭͷֱ֣ȻںǸڲ˵Ī֣Ҫȷľİȫ


212¸Ͻȥ

֪ľľɴӳһֻ˳һϢԬϢݾԬȥλľͿ֪ľˡ
ţĵ绰Ƕľٴģľ绰ͨˡ
磬ô찡СͻȻҲˣһǱ˰ˡľҲľɴ绰֪ľɿ϶ģϾľȥģˣһζľʵû취Ÿľɴ绰ġ
ľ֪ľˣľٲ绰ãһ뵽ǶľٰѶľȥģһ칤öľɸеסľͨ绰ǲֻԶľ˵˭Ҵȥģں˰ɣ˶ˣ˵˵ô죿
Ȼϵľɻ˵ʱ򣬶ľﻹǲܣֻľȥתһתѣҲûᱻ˰ܣǶľҲֻžǡ
磬ȱ˵ˣӦôҵСáľ
ľҲ֪²ȫֶľ٣˵˼ͺˣҲһЩˣ¾ͽɣȻؼȥԼҲŪˡ
ľŶľ˿ȵЩ𾪣ľɳҲûıˣܾöľɺ֪ľ˰һ
ҲֻľɵĻؼҡ
˵绰ʱԬҲľڵλ÷ֻϣľѸһۣȻαϵײſȥҪץһʱˣ֪ĪǸɥĲ˻᲻Զľʲôֵ
˷һʱͻöľһΣա
ľɿϹλãһſڣͱĪ˸ˡ
㿴ǲһͣſڰ
˭Ůģ߶ʮһˣϼһȥżְľɵķڵȥ
ľɸ³Ϳüźɫ·ü⼸߲ƣһ½ǣվԭصǹ
ԾǼˣǼ׳һӾͱŭˣ߱Ϊܡ
ľҲע⵽ﶼһְӣԷҲĸˣûд˹ֻһˣЩ·磬Ƕľ˿ûоµ˼
ֵǣϰһ׳˵һ䣬;ְľϻȥ
ľԱбһ㣬˹ȥһаѰӸ˹ݲȵĸǴ
ȻֻһˣҲûд·ӡ
ĪĴϽӹ˳ĳʱһӾסˣľɱǼ׳Χм䣬ľɸſˡ
ľôҵˣĪ͵ؿһ£ʼҵЩţӦ֮תص˹档
ڹתתȥһֱţ֪ôźá
ľҲ򶷵ٿĪӣҲµ˼֡
ҲΪľһֱĪˣĪߵǰ󺰵㿴ʲôǲΪˣǲǺܵⰡ
ľûֻĪ蹷ҷ衣
ĪľһȻӣҪסĲӣֿҪʱͻȻһŵ˵ϣһܴ
һϹԸطѾƾˣűһƾͺ׵ˡ
ľĪĿͬʱˢˢſڿȥǶľɡ
һͷɫ鷢ЩңװкܶҳǸղŴģЩǱ
ľɵĿѸڹɨһȦڿĪ쳤һ˫ľϿʱüۣĺͫӿ˱һĺ⣬ľĮıĵ
Ī̲סһϰ˻Զľ˵ľᰡҳȥֵʱҿм˰ѶľˣҾ͵͵Ǽ󣬽˰ǸˣȻҲܹģǧҪᰡ
֮ʣĪһɣöľᣬһˣ˵µ˵ʱˡ
ľޱĿЦһ˵¡
Ī˵ȶľ˭ŰĪôľôܻȥأ
һ𣿡ľ۽ǹżᳰȻЦȴ۵ס
˵ţҪǰ
ľһĪĻˣԱߵİӣѰӶŶľɣֶ£ȴûлӹȥǸɵӣȻ֪ľɣѰԱ˦ȥװСĵľͷϻȥ
ֻۡһŰӴڶľͷϣҲֱֱȥ˹ȥ


213ٴν

ˣܲãû°ɣԬææĴʮ˸˹ϸĶľûˡ
ľɵĵĿŻεĶһȻƺᣬʵأȻֱιȥġ
վһԵĪܵĵĶһĨᣬһί˵Բ𣬶ԲҲǹģľɸ磬ҶûӦòµġ
ĪʵĿľɷ̧ͷҧгݵĶĪĪܵ˶ľеĺ⣬лҵĲ֪룬Ѿ˿ֻĵͷŶ
ԬǼ˰ҿˣŪӣʣµļߡľɺʱˣ£ϽԬ
õģİɣܲãСȥҽԺɣͦصġԬЩĵĿŶ
ľٴƲһĪֱӱŶ뿪ˡ
ڶľƲĪʱĪ̧ͷöӣһĪͻȻһ·𿴵˶ľеǹҪɱ˵ơ
ĪС㣬˼ʧˣĪСȥԬ˵꣬׳ĪǿӲĴˡ
Īں棬ԭί޹˲ˣŶոյģ¶һ˿ײ΢Цʶöԭĳɵģû˸ľˡ
죬ҽԺõҽҽйҪʲô飬ҽԺ͵ŹŴ󼪰ɡľһ߱Ŷٵңһǳ⡣
ʿվĻʿŶľɵв̣ҲЩ£ϽȥԺ
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Ժ˺ǾȣôĿ˳ʲô
߸ݵģǳǿҿʮϤڵϼͻȻ벻ˡʿżı۾룬оѿڶȴ˵
ľɣԺЩĻŵ˵
ԶԶԣʿ֣ʱ۾ͷ
ԺϽվϽûµҽȫľɵǱȥܵ飬ȻҪʧҵˡ
ܿͱͽ˼ңһȺҽȫļ顣
ľȴúǵģܺܶҽ档
ôˣľٿǶľɵĵ绰ͼæʵ
ľɿ˿ŵƣѹĵĵ˵ңɣҰѵַ㡣
˵꣬ľɾ͹Ҷ˵绰ٵİѶλ˶ľ٣Ȼֻżȴš
յλĶľ˿ûжٵױϹȥˡ
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ľû˵ֻǿһۻŵƣľ˶ľɵ˼Ͻϣϣ͸
ûиɣľͻȻǵʵ
ľ֪Լ̾һ˵ûüһյϢҾ͹ˣû֪ͨء
ľ˵û֪ͨҲһû֪ͨͺã֪ͨ˷鷳
ţȷҪôϾҲͦģ㲻᲻ᡭ
ľٻû˵꣬㱻ľɴϣʲôãֻ֪Ƕһ֪һ˵İˡ
ľپöľ˵Ҳԣ㲻پᣬʣȥ֮󵽵׷ʲôΪʲôһʱͽأ
ľĿĳһ˵Īӷɵĺøɵ¡
ĪȻ׶ʲôľٽҪ֪
ҵ֮󣬽ȫɵֻʣĪҳģƭңҽڣұƽʲôǾǰҪߵʱװСģʵҵȴݺݵһľһ˵ţһ߷·ĪǰҪɱˡ
ľٿľеֺ֮ǣĪΪĪҲûκεҲʹ
ڻŶɳմģľɽĪͲ֪ѾڶľɺͶľٵб˹Ѿ˺ĵز
ľ˫ֺʮ˫ĿյڳϣľҲ֪ĵĶʲôôϣΪԼܵ˺
һԵĶľ٣ſ˫ֱ󣬲ͣⲽʱʱĻ棬˵ȴӳĸס
һһĴſڣǶܲﶼĬĬǶϣյ˺ǲɣҲΪֻſڽȴ


214 Ź

ҵƻţľվǰԵֲԾĽţľԱߵϣɫҲÿ
ôһ˾͡ľپĻ˵û˵ȥ
ľûлشתǽϣĸоԴ˲ѣʱŷֺѾˡ
ɿ˫ȭָﴫʹһͷȥɫ
磬ô죿ľм꣬Ҫҵɣ߶ľ˵Ϣŭһֱٻؿڣڵȴʱǿﵽ˶㡣
ô죿Ȼ׷ŹľΣյ۾赭д˵Ѿ߱ɱĸо
ľȻҲóĪȻֲסľң׻еʵһ:磬ò㡭Ҫִ˿ɲá
£ִ鷳㡣
ľЦһ:ҵȻ˽½֤֤ڣĪС
磬㱨þ촦£ľһʱ£棬ʱýͨ£ĪҪĪˡ
Ҷľֻܺߵݳֶѣһ˿ͰĪҽˡ
ߣĪһٶĸ£ҪǿĪҵϣͶԸˡľٶݺ˵
ľбһۣû˵Ǽ⣬Īû۸ľֻҲľӶ
ˣ˵ˣһеɡľƣı۾е˼ȫĶľϡ
ľڵϵʱĪĿ־аΧȫ԰׵Сûһ˿Ѫɫɷ۾š
ҲѲô죿Ժбĳĵһͷͷ׹ߡ
ڽУľɾԼһȴеˣȨĶľС
ԶŲľɲµ˭ˣ۾ǣľֻ
ĪӷʱɫʱοĪӷŶηηĪ
ǹһĻ:ǻʲôû
⻰˵ļ񶾣ŪĪӷرΣľɷȥľĻǶľɣɺһܾӣֻðעתƵľϡ
ڨЦǰ:ô
ô㿴ţ˵ô֪ǹİɣӦĶӰˣƤӹõ쾡¡
ĪӷɴûбôеӶ˲ڽŵ¡
ӵĪĵ绰֪²һ˵Ƕľ룬̴ĪϵҽԺ
·ϣĪԸ˵ʲôϢԾ¼Ҳ֪ĺ٣ڱľٷҲֻ̡
Īֱ˵С˵˶ľѣû˶ˣֻסԷ
Ѿ֪ˣҴǸ
˵ţ˸ƣʾǰǸ
仰ĪıСС֣һζҪе
ĪӷɵڵĪмƲƲ죬ߴٵֻü᲻鲻Ը߳Ϊ¶ľֵܶˡ
ľ磬ԲҲģԭһκòá´ҲˣҴˣԲ𡣡Ī۾ˮ˵ԭµĻˡ
ľɻǿ۵׻һ˿ĲԹޡ
ľûһ㷴ӦһʱʮΣĪӷǰԲ:ҲʶˣοĪҵϣԭһΰɡ
Īӷɵֻ֪ӲͷƤǸ˵ĪҲֻȲѣϣľɿĪҵϣ²Ҫֵ̫ѿ
ľ۾˹ĪӷΪɹˣЦӭȥ
˼ͣߺܸߣλԾѹĪӷɿĶľͻȻֲõԤС
ĪңΪж󣿡ľ˵ĪӷԵݵЦ
ĪӷɵЦݻûջϣƤЦⲻЦıŤ
㣬ôĪҡĪӷɻǲĪҵ棬ɶľɵĺľ
ž°ɡľɼ˵£תҡ
ĪһĪŵ:Ҫľ磬Ĵˣòá
ǰץסľɵ䣬˹ȥ
ĪӷɰҧĪץôضҪϱĻĪҵһ㶼ʣΪ˵Ц
˿̣ĪӷûзӦŲ·ҪӶľΪͻƿڣľٸ
ʱҵĵͻȻϨҲĪӷҪĶľӭȥľű߽߱⿪ֵҽ


215¿ЦĽ

ܳɹʱᴦڻ״̬ܿͻѣżҽһ۾ͿĹǶľɣ˵顣
ľֻҴҿ˱ƳĶľһۣͱ˳ȥ͸һǾͿľɫӲÿҲ̫á
оѵʱȷûк֢ľʵҽһ㶣漴͡
ûУһжҪȲ˳ѹǸʱǻ˽иϸļ飬ڵֻ̫ܾ˵꿴Էûʣͷ뿪
ľѾ滤ʿ˴׼õĸ߼Լ̧ŸնĪӷɾסǰ档
ľɣǿԺúģ֪ϸԲŻ˵֮ǰĻǸĪӷ˵΢΢ҲżˣĪĻûһж
Լ˵ѹĻҲѹֶԷԸԭǣɵӶľٵķ̺ͶľɵķӦҲܰ³һų
ߣ´˵ĻҪӣʲôšľ˵⻰Ī񱻿һ㣬䡣
ĪЩ£뵽ľҪ飬ɪĶڸ󣬲ק½ǡ
ֻΪСѣû뵽ֵô
ĬĬ̾˿ϾǴС赽ãĿֲ֮ɣܿƽӰ
ľɣֻҪģУֻҪСĲһӾͻˡĪӷɻȰ˵ɶľɲܲ˵ǰߡ
ô˵Īӷɣĺһ飬:СѾˣӦΪԼΪ𡣡
ȻЦһ:ܿһӻˣôأûȻôûһӣòѹѵҪ
ᣬĪȴǼصģĪ£ҪͬľԱôûδ
ĪӷȲĪһʹһ뵽ҲľϵЦݣоƵġ
㻹ǸϽôȥɣҲŹģڼǰָھͶ֡ľ˵꣬תߡ
ľһҲûûʱǷϻ
ȵľӰԶȥĪӷɲת¶˳˵ֻǶĪ
Īķë̲סС:Ĳǹģʱұˣʲô벻ҡ
ΪʲôƵã㻹˵ֻ΢˵ˣĪӷɺĴĻǰŮԽԽǸаˡ
Īǰ˵:ҵʱôǹģҲûüȥ鿴ұŵˣ磬һҪҡҲΰ
һСõΪҲһãĪӷЦǹĻΪʲôľ˵ô¡
Ҷľɲеˣ˵ô϶ӵ֤ݣãڵɵһƭء
۾ȥʧĪ˵ĶԣΣƾԼãҲĿȥΡ
ȥɣȻȥĪӷ˵ۼˣĪģ졣
磬ľɾȥòãһͬأǸľûȥǸˡľɿɲüòץᣬ϶ҪŬˢڸС
Īӷɵһξȡ֣ľҪˣܳŵľң˵ʲôûѵֻжľ˲ܾԼ
һȥĪӷܲ˵ĪԸ°קȥİ취
ľʱ򣬶ľѾһУߵǰʴĲŷԵÿģãһľ˺öࡣ
ʿѶľĶľ԰Щϣľǰ۵˵:ο˴С׵Ŀ͸ˡ
ľɿȷʵͬ˵ǵģһкҪ籡
ͻȻֻڼžķǶľģһʤС
衣ʤΪԼˣֿһۣȷʵǶľġ
ûüԼڣľȿ:ǰɣҴˣʱ䶼棬õġ
򵥽һ飬ҵ绰ͿΧڲĶľ٣ͻȻЩоԼĵ̱һǸԼĵܵܡ
ȥӦһ裬ɡľ֪ʲôʱʱɲһֱá
ľźϺϣڸѹ㬴ҽԺ뿪
ֻʣˣľɰһڴǰŲŵŮľɲԾסָ⡣
ĴзоЩġ


216ʤз

Īҧ촽ڳȻ˱˵Ǹߣʱȴûһ˿ΣΪԼеί
Ϊʲôľ˰ΪʲôԼĸҲվһߣ
ĪߵĪӷɣò֪ʲôʱĪӷƺûдǰôվԼһˡ
һ̣ȻһĪӷȴɢźǧ֮⣬ĪҪȴˡ
ֱ˳ĪӷߵſʱȻͣ£عͷȥĪƽصûһΡ
һ˿в
ĪҪƱ磬ǽȥȭͷͷ鲻Ըػ˾䣺ǣûһΡ
Īӷɵ˵ͷǻǰ˭ľ.С
ĪĪӷɵĻϹɣĻȴֱĬĬطŶģΪʲôУƾʲôУԲһΣѶľŪͲĪ
ĪӷɫؿűϹЩĪǰͷ򿪼ţĪĬĬظںͷ
ᣬĪӷɳϣ̾˿ͨһ绰
绰ﴫĪĸ
~ĪһͷĪĸĻĪĸߣֻŵ绰ĬĬǱĪĸİο
¶ĪĸȻ绰һͷȻݹ̴档
ʱĪĸһŲ͵ŵ绰Īίôˣӷûбô
Īӷɰѵ绰ϣᣬѶľҵǧˡ
һ仰ƮƮ˦˳Īһ£Ŀ΢
磡
ղţͽˣĪΪĪӷɻǰ°û뵽ȴֱӽĹ˰衣
ôŮӼôȥģĪĸòš
ĪӷɿĪͷҧվǣڵľˣ̫ˣѶľ˻ˣСײͷӦûʲô£ǶľЩÿǲưոݣ»ĸ׳档
ʲôˣʲôˣ
㲻òģѾˣ֮ûʲô¡ĪӷɻϰԵİĪ˵䣬ҲһΡ
ĪΪȷʵͬڹţѾǼеˡ
ûʲô¾ͺãǼڶľﻹмֱ档Īĸ˼һ£ȥ˵˵һľ¸硣
ĪӷӦһá
ĪҲһԸ˵裬òǹģһҪҡ
ʤһֱΪľǱľɴȥˡ
Īҵһͨ绰
ʲôסԺ?ʤŵ绰ֲսˣҲ
Լû˵£СɳȥˣΪʲôҪ
ǼˣСײͷڻڼأһúúʤа̽ͣҲȥ˵һҪð̵½⡣绰һͷĪĸԺ˵š
죬һӷȥŵǸŶˣǼĪҲǹģϣܴ˲СԭЩС֮ʧ
С»СԼȥǴ˲룬ҲΪһ֮ʧڻ
ұϾǶΪ˱˴˵ӣʤﻹĪĸףϽܻӦʾټƽϡ
ǾͺãǾͺãһֱǸʵĺúӡĪĸʤûмƽ̫˿˳ѶľסԺĵַʤС
ȻĪĸıǳ̫£ʤоǾľѣǣҴææرȥҽԺ
һ·ϲ֪ߴ˾ٴΣȵҽԺд̱ǵˮζðҲ˲һ·СܣͷΪˮЩҵ˶ͷ޽ǡ
ƿţľɺͶľٶڣľڲϣڻԵС
ƽյĻɵؾһĵ񣬿һûȱݵͨˣȴûһ˾ֵøˣϲǽĶľ
裬ôˣľüͷ
ҪĪĸң㻹ҵʲôʱ򡣡ʤ۵˴ߣĶľ
֪ʲôʱѣҸ
ʤеԲ۾ôأҽô˵
ľٵͷ΢ˣ𵴵˻ԡ
ô᣿
ͷϰűŵΣ˵ڻڻԣⲻǼ򵥵һ֮ʧܽġ
׷ʲô£
ľٽľؾغʤ˵˵ʤп򲡴ϵĶľɫԽۡ
ʤпۣûչ˺㡣
ѩ׵Ĵȴûӳľһ˿Ѫɫ԰׵͸¶ŴһжûֱҲûлӦ


217¶ľ

ʤһֱŶľ֣˵˺ܶ໰˵׻ѻߵʶ
ȻľûκηӦ
ɫǴɫʱĿѩȴԵøۣԤʾźͲʹĥ
ľɴӲ¶̫˫Уʱӳϧתֱǵ䡣
ҾԲŹ˺κˣĪ
ʤ̾һȰô˵ĪҺǼҲ㲻Ҫ嶯
ѵôű۸ľɿԺ˶ģ˶Լ˳֣˺Լˡ
ĪҺͶľһϵĪ棬СһҲǴСʶĪžͲôˡ
ǣÿɲһ
һʲô飬ǲҪ̫ûлأ˵ĸ飬֮ûʲôⲻĽᣬбҪһſ
ľֻܵ˵ͷ
ⲻζ¾ôˣὫ³в˺һܣԼһֱǣֱǻڹֻٴ¶š
ʱ˭Ϊ˵飬˶ΪǵΪԵĴۡ
ֻΣһξ棬ΣҲһΣı˺ľ
ľɿŴߵ裬һľƱӣһᰴ첲ȣһᷭרעŻŨŨ顣
ţȻϾȰ⣬ʤҲ˭ľȫĪκη紵ݶӹκ˵ķۡ
֪ʱѾϣ΢ҹɫϮˣ롣
ʤлǲ䷳һһŶľĸ첲ȣɼ⡣
̫ˣȴȥϢɣҾˡľɶŶľٵ
ʤе㲻ģϾһˣƽʱе쵼ߣ㴲ҪææĲ¡
ףҶˣҿչ
ľ۵׵˿
ͽˣľٶԼĴ绹Ǻܷĵġ
ľٴʤл˼ҡ
ľһ˴ߣؿ¹µöľ¹Ŷľþġ
ƽʱȴǲ̫һƽյĶľһɵ椣üۼȴһ߹ʹǴһ˿ʹ
뵽˿ҲԼһΣľɸеһԼûбӦøӿ֣ȴܵЩΣա
ֲ˲ľǰƽնľЦۣůž˾ôá
ľѧʤеӣ׾ضһӦ˵ᵽ·ˣҵԺһúñ㡣
ʱľɵĺȻʲô˶Ŷľ֡
ľɵΪԾս
ľüͷ﷢˻һ
ҹʱ֣һƬľһڵҹΧĵأƺڵȴλ˯˵
¹£ľƽɵãʱ
١
ľ΢΢۾ӻɢٵ۽ŸոѵİƣеŪˣ硣
ľע⵽Լ˫֣ϽͿΪΥġ硱֣һ̡
ͺáƽеĶľɣʱȻһ˿ҡ
𣿻ûܣľɸоԼһһɣͷð˼亹
ˡľһǶԼ˵ǶԶľ˵ﾡᡣ
ǸоɵˣͷеΣеۡľԼͷò档
ľɸϽסֵ֣񾯸һ˵ʵ
ľί磬ҵͷеۣⲻɵ˰ɡҶѾɵ˵ġ
ľɱЦˣػصɵҵãû˱ɰˡ
ʵľоõúܣ˯һ
ĪһӸûѾˣڻ˯ôã֪Լôôλȥ֮һúúöСĪŮˣֱǸӡ
⵹ǸûᣬԼͷˣ֮ǰһֱװָǸоٵˡ
̫࣬Լı仯ֻԽԽ󣬲ͷֱӾ˵Լָˡ
οŶľɹеԼҲԸôΪԼˣżǿԵģڡ
ľ͵͵һЦϾѵá
ȱҽ磬Ҷˣƻ~
磬ҵˮ~
磬Ÿ첲ˣ~
磬.
ȥнлʿ.
˭뵽һֱΪĶľɣȻһˣҽԺԹǰܺ
ľǰһ˿شŰ׳ͦĺƻƤսȻŵƤȴǱһŤ˵ģ̲ס۵׷Ц⡣
ľɲľԼ̧ͷôˣ
ľԼͷؽԼڱҵͷеۣ֪ǲûá
ȥҽ


218»ָ

ľʱöľһĲԾΪڴ֮С
ľһ¶֪Լ
һ˲֮УľȴǶ˼ֵľ
֪ľĲ֢»öľ졣
ľ֮ǰѾ΢ڶľڵЩɡ
ʱƺ˽ŶľȴԽԼֻڲϵļӾš
һε黹ûӡˣ
ʱմԼľܻʶĺԡ
ŶԵʧ⣬Բܹһ档
ֻһζľҪԼ𽥻ָΪϾڵ⸱ʵǸʲô̫㣬˵˵һ仰ᱻס
ӡҹ֮һֱ˵ҪɱңѵӱҵϣҪҵҺ۰
ľǻԲһĳûκεĿİ͡
ڻܹס֮ǰһ𣡡
ľɻһ䣬һ˫֮жѾ˼̽
ľʶһڿˮ֮ж˼ֵ飬֪ڵĶľ֮ѾЩɣȻѾˣǾûкһ˵
ҵȻǵѽҪɱңܹо㼰ʱĹˣҿܾҲˣ
ľһ˵žžવֱӵȥ
ľԱ֮΢΢̾һڸסԼ֮һĨķŭ
ԭոձƽϢŭһȫ
ĻǶڶľһ־ȵĸо
ڵĶľͬѾһһ˵ȻżۣѾû֮ǰɵĸоˡ
ֱӰҽ˹׼ѯʹڶľ״̬⡣
ܹܲľڵΪʲôڸһһѾȫûմĸоˣ
ľɻһ䣬֮жѾ˼ֵ̽
ҽʶһ֮жǱ
ҲʲôֵĵطԶ׼ľȫܹŵ״̬
ڶľ˻Դ˼ֵľ裬ͬǺܵʲô˺һһЩ˺֢ȫûκεĲ
ҲпΪĴ̼Ż̼ŶľĴԣѸٵĿʼתǴ̼ϸ
ҽֻóһĽۣһضĻ֮УпܻԼûа취顣
ϾĴֻ10%һЩ˵Ĵֻ1%ڶľǴ̼ԼĴԣѸٿʼת䡣
ȫпøһ
ҽóһۡ
ľڵ֮Ѿ˼ֵľȡ
ֱԼһ֮˼ʲô
һرͨ׶Ƿȴƺ˼Ѱζ˼һ
˵ڶľѾ𽥽뵽״̬֮УпܻԼһˣ
ľɻ˵֮жѾ˼ֵĲ졣
ڸͲҽóۡ
ȴΨһһܹͶľ״̬ԭ
úõϻƣټϲϵĶпָܹһ˵ˮ׼
ľ֪Ϣ֮֮мһ̲ס˼ֵļ
ֱ߸ʤС
ڶľпָܻԼ
żƽƺûκβ֮Уȴһ˸ŵʵ
ʤе֮˲˼ֵľȣԼĶո顣
˵𣡡
ʤлʵֻоԼĴûκεİ취ܹոյһ仰
ѵһЦ𣡡
ʤ֪ʱ򣬺ͶľֱӴҴææر˹
ľأǿ
֮ʤм˲Ѿһ䣬֮дϵļֵż
֮ǰΪʲôǻָҪҲиԭɣ
ûκ˻ƽ޹ʾֱӻָԼ״̬϶ΪԵɣ벻ԭ
ĪܵĶľһֱӰɱھҵĴ̼֮Уֻ֮䣬ľֱӴ̼ԼĴԣҲҽĴ𰸣
ľ˼һ֮ڻ˵֮жѾ˼ֵǿ
˵һǳ飬µĽȴ˶оЩϲ
˵黹ø𣡡


219Īľ

ʤ߸пһ䣬֮ƺѾ˼ֲһζ
ڵˣҵûϵ
ڶľøָ˵״̬֮УȫΪĪ
ľѾ׷Ī顣
ŮˣľȴǾԲŹġ
Ͼô˵һΣĪҪɱ˶ľȻ˵һεȷø
ǲǶľָ״̬УľɵļʱϵôľпܻĪϡ
ôûиоԼĲԾûиоĴʹ
ʤֱ˶ľ࣬Ķľļ֮ж˼ֵ̽
ûиоﲻԾڳе㺦⣬һжͦõġ
ľ΢΢Цһ֮ҡҡͷ˵š
ľ˵仰֮ʤе֮УѾ˼ֵľȡ
һʤģֲܵԾĵط
Ϊľ˵ʱʵ̫ƺûеùһ˵ҲûκεĴ
ľһֱڴԱǼ˵񣬼ǶԼڻָ״̬֮Уûκһ˿˿Ļ֮Ҳʶɵһ
ôʱ֮УһֱװһˣѾЩװĲͷˡ
ϾûеùκγմĲ֢ȴҪһֱװһ˳մСӣֱΪˡ
һԵʤڵ֮Ѿ֮ж˼ֵĸжڶľָһ˵״̬֮У֮ҲһڸǵĻϲ
ôܹúõĿ˵һĻʤн㲻𣡡
ľɶ۾һ䣬һ˫֮жѾ˼ֵ̽ûһ˿һЦĳɷ֣ƺ˵ԼĻһ
ûûУôܣֻڿĶѣΪڻָеޱȵĿģҴûǽĿĹ
֪֮ʤвֱӾҪ޳Ͼ֮Уûа취ܹڸǵסԼ֮еֻϲ
ΪڻָԸеǲǰ
ľضסʤУ֮жѾ˼ֵ̽
ڶľǲûװ̫Ͼ˾ǻָԼǺʹԣҲҪһһѭ򽥽
˵ѾֱȫָĻǲŻ˸оޱȵĻɡ
ûûģ
Ǽ˼˵һЩеûĵĻһԵĶľҲſĵص٩䡣
˼֮󣬶ľҪֱӳԺѾоԼڵ״ָ̬ĲˣûҪټҽԺ˷ʱ䡣
ҪԺؼҴȥ
ľ˵أĶľɴż˵š
ľɿ˶ľһ֮󣬵ϵҡҡͷûκҪڵ
ԣҪĻҿܻӦ㣬ԲУ
ľɵϵ˵ûκ˼ҲãԷڵء
ˣұ֤ԼԺ֮󲻻ᵷҵģҳȥòãˣ
ľץס˶ľɵ֣һ˵ϵҡֱۡ
ԣѾ˵ˣǾǲУûκһ˿һܹ͵أ
ľڵ̬һļһл͵ĻᶼûС
ľͷ㶼Ҫֱӵһ
Ĳ˺òã
ľֱֻӿ޳һ
˵ٶĻҲԲӦģͲҵ˷ѿˣ
ľҲûκ˴Ӧ顣
ľ֮ж˼ֵΣҲֻܴҽԺУдżֵκͷŭҲֻε
һֱӿĵĴҽԺУһһĿŶľڵ״̬ԽԽˡ
Ǿ״̬Ҳ𽥵Ļָţܹ˵Ļǳᣬûж
һߣڼĪһֱ飬ҲڲϵĵŶľɻҵԼ鷳
ֻڶľɸûκεжһԵΪûг֡
Ѿǳ׵׵˽ˣޱȵˣ
Ī֮΢΢һ֮ж̲סش˼ֵЦ⡣
ȻѾ׵˽ˣҲԷˣֻǰһմѣһͲˣܹʲô˺𣡡
Ī̲סûκεӰ졣
ȵҴææظ˶ľŵһ˲֮УȴǵõһޱȷŭϢ
ǾѾľˡ


220רְලԱ

˵ʲôľָˣĪŵĴʡ
ĪӷĿĪ˵ԣôˣҪľû£Ϊ㻹ôվ⣿
ĪǲôͲܻվˣûжľľɸҲôġ
ĪӷɿäĿŵģʵǲԸͷ˵ɣԸôô룬㣬òҪȥǶľɣҲס㣬ҪԶľʲô¡
֪İɡĪĪӷľҲǿӲȥ˸գЦеĹıĪӷɵĸ첲װӡ
Īӷɿ˹˳ӣʣµĺݻҲ˵ˣĪͷͺãľԶ㣬ǲġ
ĪԹԵͷĪӷΪĪ֮󣬶ҲЩĲȥǶľɡ
һжΪģĪӷΪ£뿪ûãĪ㾫Ĵĳˡ
ĪֱľɵĹ˾εվſڣȴôҲȥΪְԱˣǺԼĿˡ
Ī׼ʱڨڹ˾ְԱΪԼˢȥְԱĪĴҲ˱ȥˡ
ҽȥĪʮǿӲҪľɵԬ칫ҡ
ԬεĵĪǰĪС㣬ľĲ棬Ҳκ˽ȥҳе𡣡
Īȡ־Ԭǹƭڶľɰ칫ſڽã˭Ҳ˭Ƕľɻ֪˻Ҫֶá
ڸľԶԶ˵ĳȻſʮֵĲãüͷʡ
ܡܲãĪС㣬ƫҪȥ˵ڣţҲšĶľɣԬҳؾصվԱߣΡ
ĪȴԼͶľɹϵܺã߹ȥҪŶľɵĸ첲˵ľ磬ΪʲôҪѽĲôҿԸĵġ
ľɿĪĶԸĪֱ߽칫ң
ŶľɶԶĪҧгݣǿҪƢ˽ȥ
ľ磬ΪľôѾǸˣԭҰɣҪҿĪһ˵ţһֲᡣ
ľ˫ֻأĿĪıݡ
ĪһҲںĸ׼ÿϷȡͬʱľɿˡ
ˣ
ľ˵ˣĪ˲̧ͷ˿û˸ոյѹľ磬ԭ˶ôǲǿԼϰˣ
ĪΪԼĿƳɹˣǶľȴ˿˵ˣҹ˾Ҫ㣬뿪ɣԺҲҪ˾ˣҲˡ˵ľɾֱˣڰ칫ɵۡ
ľ뿪˾ǰصԬȫ˾ɱĪĪ̤빫˾һ
Ī˫ֽգָ׽Ŀģָ׷·ҪݽǾþòƽϢеԹޡ
ôˣǲŸ뿪һôľ΢üЩԸš
ľľıԹԼһ˲䣬Щ˵ʲôأҡ
ľԭ̧ͷҪڵ˵һ飬Ǹպö϶ľɵ۾˲ˣúܹɵ˵磬ôѽҶˣҪôĿҡ
ŶôȻҪˣôûԺľɹʹϷŪ
ľ֪ԼĶ֣Ҳ֮죬ֻĹĵĳƲƲ죬ľɼ˿ɰģĸԴ
ôеôȥ˾ôľԸʵ
ľʵԱߵɳϣȻһߴ飬һ߲м˵İ칫һ
ľҲϰ⸱ģҲ˵Ҳ֪ѾѹᵽˣҲεĲٷ
ľԼֻڲϣһ߿ŵӾ磬һ߳ʳܲã춼ЩˣľҲЩۣӣͻȻԱߵĶľɻ湤
ͻȻԼոЦģ˲ˣ̽ԵĿľɣֶľɺûΪԼܵӰ죬ŷ
ŶľɹӣסˣĻƻ£ľԵûôĮͲɿ
ľ룺ʱͣöôð
뵽ľΪԼصص칫з·һůϵůԼЩж


221ܵżһ

£⼸ĪǴܽӴľţÿߵľŵԱߣᱻĿԵ
ߣȥһȥأ
ص棬һ˶ԷƢԷʱҲúóԣԱߵĹܼҲǴСеģǰĹׯС㣬ڵܵȥˣ
С㣬ôһ㶫ѽ
ܼҷԸķŷḻķˣĪˣƢǳһٶһ٣˺þõŶûлӦ
Դӻ֮ڷŵʱģǰܵľˣôܻԼڼ
ҲԣǶߣ رĹԣķҶ˵ҲǷſڡ
ĪӷûܼΪĪϽ˵ĪһֱĹڷ棬Ҳǰ취Ҳ
ԼĹӣĪķ䡣
˽ŲҶ˵˲ˣôôˣ
ǡ û˵꣡
Ȼһǳ⣬ӷĴĪӷɸţְָȥܼҾúܿգĪһֱ
ôԵĪĪӷҲôˣΪ֪Ī϶󲻻ίԼԸܼƽʱҪ䣡
ܼĥ͸Īӷ֪ĪԼԼڷֲԼǿȵģ֮ǰ;ĪЩˣΪһЩԡ
үɲͲСѽһֱڷ棬ƻˣ
ܼ֪ĪӷȨܲ˵ƽʱܼҲ
Īӷ֪û취Ҳôˣ͹ܼ˵޷ֻҪʲôͺã
һĪӷڵ绰֪˶ľӻָ飬Ϊ֮ǰҲܵģһúõĵǸĻᣡ
үóԷˣҪҪȥС Īӷڼ棬ܼҷԸķѾѷã
ǿĪӷĲɣԼҲȥĪķߵſڵʱֻһ
ʱĪӷţôҲȥҽԺһˣӦñʾһԼǸ⣡
ӦܼҵĻԼ·ȥͣᳵ׼ȥҽԺ
·Ͽųһˮ꣬ѾȥˣǺͣ³ˮôģ
ϾȥҲã
ϰˮ
ϰΪر飬ҽԺĸصظĪӷɴһˮӣĸгһЩ
ΪرǸ⣬óֻľ˵绰һ߶ľĪӷɣԼûʲô£ҪΪ绰黹Ŷľɣ
ھҽԺĸһ͹ȥ ʹľ˵ĪӷɻǾԹȥһ˵ǸȽϺãҲԿһľôˣ
ҵ绰ĶľǷ˭ģ
ľǺ棬ľҡҡͷ˵ֻһҪ֪ҲȫĪӷɵĴԼҲָˣҲø
ĪӷҽԺ滹ڴˮ˶ľǽȥΧˣ
˵ָĲ࣬Ծ
һȥ֮󣬶ľͶľ˫۾ֱĶĪӷɣľ˲֪ˣԭĪӷɰ
ˮԱߵϣĪӷһΣҲҪǸ⣬ľʱ˵Լûʲô¡
ԱߵϣǸģ֪ԼĪԼߵ̫ˣ
˵һ£ʱľڳľ˵鶼ȥˣ϶ǹⲻȥİɣ
ҡ
˵ȴֹ̧ͷ˿ޱĶľɣʶĿһľľ֪Īӷʲô˼
ʵҪöľɳȥϾľĪӷ˵һЩҲԸоľɶԼе⣡
Ҹʲô
ʱĪӷɺͶľǿľɣĪӷɵ˼ʵöľɳȥ
ľͻȻһ仰Īӷɲû˵ʲôľ˵ĪӷɲôԶһ˵ģ
ûϵһϲԵˮఴҽķԸ
ʶˮóһ㽶Բݸ˶ľʱľɵ沿ȫԹޣ
һˮҲܺã ľɲûһҪȥ˼һֱͺǶĪӷɣ
㿪ʼŶľڸоôһ㲡ʣǻ˵Լûģ
ĪӷɿŶľƣرѯŲңģ
վңɣ
ովõңȴľһѸ˹ȥʱȫЦ
ɣ һǳĮĻ
ĪӷǺûһȻϣŪ֮󣬶ľĪӷɣ֪Ϊ˹Ʒˣ
ԼһСʱϣľܶľ죬ԼϣֱͺͷһƬƣ
עϢҲ㣬ָˣȻûʲô飬Ҿ߰ɣ
ڵʱԼ˵ĻҲû˵ĺ뿪


222 

ҽԺ뵽ͶľжľҽԺ龰Լ˵ĻҲû˵ǲģԺеǻᣡ
ڹ˾Ҳûʲô飬ĪӷɱŻؼң һţܼҾͱֱվĪӷɵǰ
Īӷһɻ󣺡Ǽʲô𣿡 ƽԼܼҶæ飬ͻȻԼǰرѰ
ܼ֪ĪһֱԼڷҲ֪Īӷ֪һֱԼҲǸ취
СѾüûԷˣүܹɣ
ܼҵĺڼºܶˣҲĪĪӷίԾͺĪӷȥĪ
մҽԺĪӷɣ֪ĪرľǿһİԼڷǲԲţ˭ȰҲ
ܼҶԸñķѷ˷ſڣһ͹ȥʱЩһҲûж
Сǲ£үϿȥȰȰ ܼ֪Ī
һҲΪĪ飬Ҳֻ֪ĪӷܺúõȰһȰĪˣһ棬ĪڶѣԼڷ˭Ҳ
ĪӷɾԼԼڷʲôԼҲԵûйܣ
Լãȷʵƽʱʱǳ̣ҲûзԼڷﲻԷ
Щ͹ȥһҲûг𣿡
ĪӷɾôҲԼ忪Ц
ܼҵ˵ͷ˵ֻҪķĪ󺰴У뿪
ĪǾЩ۵ģϾԼãˣƢҲܿ
ܼңٷԸķ׼һЩˣʱͷ¥ɣ͹ȥ ĪӷɻӦ
ܵĪķ档
ң磡
ĪӷţĪڱţһǸ˵Īӷ뿪ԼҪúһ룡
֪ʲôĪӷЩżˣ˵ĪҪǲŵĻԼͰ˿
һԵĪȻϲĪӷɣ
ǰŴˣе㲻ԸӣĪӷɼŴ֮ȥ
ô°Լڷ տĪӷɾеżĪԲȺܿͻŪ壡
ģĪɫ԰ҲԵ÷ǳûɫĪӷɽԼڴһߣ
ں˵أ
Īӷ˵ţʱһӣѷ¥ķԶ˹
ȥɣҺ˵ ùܼҺͱķ뿪
ݹĪӷ˵˺ܶ໰ҪǻƽʱĪѾˣȴܲƽȻûж
ǾЩӦģĪӷҲĪˣ
ܼ˵Щ㶼ûгԷ ѷ˷ŵĪߣĪǳӣΪ绹Щۣ˵
ԷôУ
԰ѷ˵˹ȥĪڷǳҲûб飬˵ԼĪӷΪĪѾȫ侲
ʵ֪ĪǼװɡ
ĪӷĪû취֪ģԼԼ⼸ίͻȻĪۺ⣬Īӷɣ
磬⼸ˣȷʵҴˣԭҰԺҲˣ
ĪϴҪøĪӷɻ½⣡
ĪĪӷҲû취
֪㻹Բȵģ ĪӷɿĪĪϽͷ˵ԼԼڷȷԼúһ룡
⻰Ī˵ĪӷҲЩοĪڶˣ
ĪӷҲûпĪӣƽһᣬͻȻͷĪӷ̾һ
ȻѾˣĪӷҲ֪ܸıˣܼ˵һٷҲԣܲģ
Ȼ֪ˣ͹ȥɣ
ĪӷɾĪԼ⼸˺ܶ࣬Ѿȥ˶ľû̫飡
еˣ ͻȻĹɣĪӷЦ˵Īղôԡ
ⲻǸ绹ûԭңҲҳԷ Ļ˵ĪӷַԸķһӵĺ÷
ĪڲԵζĪӷڿǷˣ
ĪĪӷɵĸǷǳѺãĪӷҲĶĪɾ裬ĪĸĹˣԾûע⣡
ȷʵĪ⼸ֵķǳãĪӷһصңĪҲûǣÿһĪӷɻͿĪԼڼʹܼң˵ĪͲȥ
øĪٴεĻᣬһĪӷɳȥˣȥʱҲûжĪʲô
ҲͲסˣ⼸װѱӣǰĪƻˣ
ɶĶľΪͶˣ Ƣûиĵ⼸Īӷȫαװģ
Լ⼸춼ΪľװֻΪ˸ĪӷɿĪӷɶԼɣ
͵͵Ĵ˸绰֪ľڣǻָһˣ˶Ŷľ
ԼЩȫ˶ľϣ滹ǼǺţ


223 Ҫȥʵ̫

ȲĪҽԺŵĶľգգ۾ŴľɫдĿҪȥ
Դӻָ֮󣬶ľҲ֪ΪζԽˣӣǺ޲ýԼǰﶼȥһ
ȥȫûһ㲻ԾĵطûãҲҪڲˡ
УԲܹ鷢
˼ˣ΢΢̧ͷ÷ԱɳŵĶľϣһԣĿŵԣ˾顣
ʲôûһԭעڵĶľƺǸܵĿ⣬ѯʵ
һĵͳóԣڶľ˲֪ٴΣûһᷳĸоС
ԣľգգ۾ͻȻЦҪӲȱͻȻľɵĿֹƱӵĶ档
Ӧúúšľ˵ţջԼĿ⣬ʼ˵Ļû˷񶨵Ŀ档
ľֻίı˱ͣգ˴ϡ
磬ôææĹҪȻȥ˾ȥɣʵеġЩܵüͷЩӦԼѾԻָ˵̡
Ļľɲûлش𣬾Ҳûκλش˼Ҳľܾ
Ѿʱ򣬶ͻȻ˶ľɵôˣͷ𣿡
شģȻǶľݺݵҡҡͷԭҪȥˣ֪Լûʲô飬ԿҲرں
ȥʱľɵͻȻеĵԣһװԵԽ
ȣɳɫĿŶľƺ˼ʲôĶľɣöľĪĻ
֪Ϊʲôܾʲô⡣
ҡȻҪȥˣԴҽԺ֮󣬾ûлؼȥ뻭Ҳûа취գգ۾Ҫ˵ľԣӦ˵ʫһȰġ
ҲΪˣܹȦܹЩ׵飬ʫˣãⲻ׵顣
Ҳ֤ƵĳԳ̶ȣ֪
ԣľȻĵ˵ͷ˼һ֮󣬲ż˵ȻҲһСˣҲԼ˼룬ҾҪú˵һ£ڵ⡣
棬ҲڿЦ˵ġ
ľգգ۾ǰν磬ƺװɵװ̫ˣʱһӲ֪Ӧʲô״̬ǰĶľɣ˼һűڵӡ
Ȼˣҵи뷨Ҹ˵˵ôġľ˵ţ˶ľԱߵϣ⼸ҽ˵㲻ܹȥҲȥֻܺúõҽԺš
ҿԬ֮ǰжƣҲҪ⵹ùˣƱʲôӡ˵ʱ򣬶ľɿЩڴԭЩԶļ⣬ҲΪˣľɶƣŸڴ
Ҫ֪ÿһ͵˼Ʒǲһģնľʮ˾˵ƳƷҲӵĳ졣
Ƕľɵһ˵ôĻȻ˵һ࣬˫΢΢ŵڴľǿһ
Ŷľ˵ĻϾ˵ı£ʮġ
˵ģҾû⡣ЦЦ˸OKƣƺǶڶľٵģ˵ľʾǳĸж
ʱͻȻ˵
ǰΪ̵⣬һֱҲûб͵ѧУȥڼȻѾָˣҲʱȥѧһѧϰô
ĻľͻȻɴ۾š
һ㣬ҲСˣܹһΣ˶ľϣȻԵ֣
ϣܹʱģεԼǱ
СʱС˵ģ˼ҲĻʱͻ߻ħ;
飬ƺеЩͬԺὫľһӻķ𣬿ֹؼʱ̣ûа취ķԼһУΪ˱ġ
УҲҪԣľҡҡͷ
ҲҪѧҪ棡תתһӾ뵽һҲƣġ


224ͼ

ںͶľɵһ֮󣬶ľõһǣúõҽԺţľɵĻͲȥѧ
˵ϾڶľѾʮˣ͸ûж飬ҪѧϰĻҪСѧһ꼶Ŀʼڳ˵ԭһܹܵ顣
֮Ƕľ֪ʶԭ˽ģڵһҲװİˣ˵˵ȥҪöľԼСߺÿһС
ֻһֱҽԺĻ⼸Ѿ˷˺ܶʱ䡣
ɷϣÿΣľƺܹεĪˣε˳˺Լ塣
һجΣÿϣľоѵʱ򣬶ͷ󺹣ĸоܡ
Ϊʲôǰʱ򣬶ľѧϰһֱŬҲڴѧʱȥ˽鼮ҲˣǶĪһĶĿ־塣
ҪѵĻõİ취ܹǣҲǽԼһ־ĵط
һ½Ŀ˶ľɵϣգգ۾֮ƺ뵽ʲô
УһֱԼĻľԼһġ
磬ҪȻҳȥתתɣҾȫ¶Ҫùˣ˱ͣЩΡ
ȻڵļѾָˣǻ仰˵ڵĶľҲǸʲô׵Ůӣ¶ģġ
Ȼ仰ľɷԼĵԣ̫Ѩ֮ĿǰڲϵĶľ
ľЩţڱϿҲǽŵģգգ۾ΪľһܾԼʱǰĶľ˼һ֮󣬵ͷӦ
Ҳǣȥ˵ţ½Ŀ˵ϣԹػ֮󣬱һװ˵ĸͻȻվľĸоͻȻ֮䵲סĹ⡣
ǾҲ˵ΪʲôĸоȻĪ
һ֮ջԼĿ⣬ͿľĿһ֮󻺻˵úõĴţҵȻͻ
˵꣬ûȶľӦͳ˳ȥ
һװͦű˹ȥĳˣ֪ΪΣȻ˳ԡ
һֱȵľɳȥˣľĿ⻹Ǻһ֮ŷӦ˻
ЩͣƺЩ
ƺǴԼװָ֮󣬶ľɽһ˶Դ֮˵ദʽͱ
ľģڲŸոտʼֻнԼǱøˣܹиӳֵİ취ŽĪ顣
ζԸ飡
ǰʫ̫ĪϲĻãҲǲΪǸˣֻƺǰ򵥡
˼濴Ī̬ȣŷֻ֣߿˵ǷӦĪϲǵҪĽӽһеĿģΪʫ
ΪƷ
뵽ʱ򣬶ľһʱ֮Ҳܲˣǳ֮⣬ܹأ
һֱΪһɵӣһ飬֪Ӧβźá
õİ취ԼָҲֻķſԡ
˼ˣľϽջԼ뷨΢΢ԭͲҰ׵ɫƺЩ
벻ȻҲѧĶǣһУЩµ˱ģҲûκεİ취
Īҵţҧ˵
Ȼûһľ洫ƤЬͬľɳȵԸһ·ҲһĳŲæ
һ㣬ľһֱʮֵҲΪӴһˣŸңԸ⽫Լƽ飬ľ
һһʱദɷϣľҲˣľʤУԼĸ磬һ棬ˣӵʵ
󣬶ߴĽŲԽԽȶļ̌ͷȥʱ򣬾Ϳ˳ſڵĶľɣɫ࣬ŸΣ˽
ȥתת˵ƽٵᡣ
ƽɲҲ֪ôˣ
ľգգ۾Ŷľɵ۾Щɻ
ЩûвһҲΪԼԵһЩ
ôˣණ𣿡ľ飬΢΢üɻѯʣԼǲʲôණ


225ż

ĶľɣľЩ鲻ԽҡҡͷЦ˵Ǳһһˡ
Ц˵۾һرҫۡ
ԭľһ㣬ʮֵĺÿƤҲǹ⻬ɾκεëҪ֮ǰɵӣֻ߽ԼŪģ˵׼вٵϲġ
ĶľǿŵĶľɣҲƲסüͷҲûз֣Լõ۾Ȼĺÿ鶯
ӦתͷŶľüͷұ𣿡
ƺǲ̫Ϊʲôľһ˱仯ľԵЩ֪롣
ҲԸƽЩ飬ջĿ֮󣬿ŴϵΣſ֣籧ȥɣںȥЩ˵ʲô
˵ţ棬Ŀ
ĸоԭߵﲻϧΪʵ̫ˣҪӵоܹӵУͻȻĳһ飬㽫Ҫʧȥԭÿ춼ܹӵеĶ֮
ʼûʲôоʱö֮Ĺȥ֡
Ķľ״̬ʵ̫Ҫȥеˣ飬Ҳġ
ջԼĿ֮󣬶ļ̌ͷŶľգգ۾
ڶľǵͷɶľ§סԼĲӣ󽫴ϵĶľһСӸסȣһж׼֮󣬲ȥ
ոճҽԺԺ棬۵ľвٵĲˣָģС
һţĲˣԱߵϣ͵ĲˣһĴŵĲˣʵ̫̫࣬ţľĪЩ
ϲһгС棬Ѿʮˡ
ʵҪ˵һֱΪƣһΪԼϲҪԼøá
ľһֱ뷨ʲôԾĵطܹԼȤãԼĹⲻһʲôõ飬෴ĸоӺãܹ˸ӵж
һһϲͲϲ飬Ǹ˶ߵ̬ȣһǲһģÿ춼ܿģܳʵȻʱ벻ˣҲķ뷨֮ҲǺܿĵġ
ĶľɽԼ˳ȥůͣı۾š
ôľɵͳȴǶһᡣ
黹ǲҪȻ״̬
ϲ棬죬ҳľЦţ棬ûٴľɵ
ΣöľܹȺ֮У̫ԡҲһֵ飬ҲְֻĻܹ˼ӦԼơ
һ֮󣬶ľľƵ棬ŶľɿΣԱߣľջԼĿ⣬˶ľɡ
ͣܿһԱߵľͷ棬Щľͷв٣ӦҽԺΪϢĵط
ջԼĿ֮ܿһۡ
磬㴩װÿŶľ΢΢ͷĿԼֻӣҪһ
ƺû뵽ľͻȻ˵ĻԭҪӵϼһƬҶӰĶľɵĶͻȻͣͣûһҲͺܿĻָ˹
𣿡ĿŶľνãڻָ˽֮󣬿ȻҲòһ
㻹СӦúúѧϰƺ뵽ʲôͻȻ˵ֻ˵ʱҲƲסԼЦ⣬
˵˻֮󣬶ľջԼĿ⣬Ϳ˶ľ΢΢۾Զ˿ԵЩӡ
ľǰĶľɣͻȻƺʲôԾĵطֻһʱ˵һȻ
գգ۾̽ԵĿǰĶľɣͣƺҪ˵ʲôһ仰Ҳûܹ˵
֮ջԼĿ⣬ˣҲӦûȥˡľɿŶľ
Ȼڲ֪֮УָֻǸ︴ӵ̶ĸ硣
һɡľͷҲö˵ʲô
ֻǱľŵʱƺ뵽ʲôС˵ţ磬ҲӦԼϢϢ
ͻȻľƺʱ޿̶йҪûûҹæûʲôϢʱ䡣
Ҫ˵Щֿġ
ֻǳ˶ݵ֮⣬Ҳûİ취
ľɷܵġšһ֮һԲ


226ǳԺ

ʤһҺõĲľĲʱտյģû˵ӰӣЩżˣľĲûкȫܵȥ
ʱ߽һʰСʿʤæץסʣĲأ
ʿ⧲ץסЩͣ˺ðŷӦһ˰˳ȥ˵Ҫȥɹɹ̫
ԣʤɿ˽ץסʿ֣˵ãûˣȳȥɣʰͺá
ʿ뿪֮ʤаҺõϣ룬ǸѶľȥ˺пǶľɣӰóֻҵľɵĺ벦˳ȥ
ľںͶľҽԺĲƺɹů̫˶ֻɹ̫˵Ƕûоģľ۾ԱߵĶľɣҲ£ƽľڴ˿̶Եࡣ
ľȻ䴽ЦЦģһ绰Ƭž
ľӿ㶵ֻ˳ĻԾۣǰ鷢Ťͷһ۶ľİ˽ᡣ
һͨ绰ͲʹʤԴŵصǲǰѰȥˣ
ľᡰšһЩŵڲ̫ˣ԰Ƴɹ̫
绰ͷʤ̾˿廹ûȫãӦҪźõÿ죬ȥھĲϿƻȻǳصģϾԣԻ˲١
ȻᣬǶľȻҲǵ̸ݸһľɿȻǰѾȨȻһҲ뿴ľΪѣ˵ͷ
ľɼͷû˵ʲôͷŤ˻΢˵ãʹȥ
һصʤѾѲʰˣľһʤоЦ˵裬ôͻȻ˰
״ôˣһ뼦˹ôûиоһЩʤľë׵ͷ
ľ˵ͷţҸоѾ˺ܶˣҲ֮ǰôʹˡ˵꣬뵽ʲôһ¶Ϊѵı顣
ʤע⵽ֹı飬ʵôˣôֹģ˵ʲô˵ɣʲô»ܶ˵İ
ľ˵裬ҾüȻҵѾôˣûҪȥıҪˣÿˮζЩУҰһ³ԺһҡʤеֱһŽ
ԣûʤ˵ľɵɫ˵Уֱȫȫ֮ǰҪһֱҽԺúõ
ľɾüȻڶľ廹ûȫãǻǴҽԺȽϺãһͻȻиʲôҽԺҲ״һЩԶľҪؼҵʱǳŷġ
ʱľһСϾдʧ䣬ȻҲ󲿷ֵʱ䶼һ˴ڲģһ˶ȹĵʱ⣬Ҫ뿪ҽԺˡ
ľȻǿ˶ľʧı飬ⶼΪ˶ľãû
һӾͱüžһԵʤм״ĶľıҾûؼҵͺãҽԺζҲ̫á
ʤеİæ˵ľɵɫһЩûһʼļᶨǲöľôԺȥҽܲܳԺɡ
ʤеͷãȥʰɣԳԺĻðһ³Ժɣӻؼ
ľɵͷ˳ȥҵľҽʣҽڵ״԰Ժӻؼȥ𣿡
ҽ˿ľĲЦľСָĺܺã԰Ժ
ԣľε̾˿Ҳûöľˡ
»صϢʤлжľ˵ˣȻһľϢ˷ܵĲ
ľ˺ð֮󣬲˵ãڿԲüˣ裬Ѷʰһ£Ǿͻؼȥɡ
ãʤҲ⽫ľӻȥʼʰ
ľɿŶľϲЦտģҲĹһ˿Ц˵̫ˣСĴˤȥʱֵҪҽԺһӡ
ԣľҶҲΪո̫ˣϻ΢΢ЩΡ
ľҲŲôСģòײҽԺħĵطҿɲô׾ͽȥˡ


227Ǳо

ľɹһЦ˵ϣԸԺöҪٽ˵ħĵط
ľͷʰһж֮˻صľң˶ľ»ع飬ľҲһЩ
Ϊľƽպϲ˵ڶľҴ򹤵ǶûʲôСļӣҸ˵һľˣһĶӭǰȥĵѯʡ
ʤпűΧмĶľҲûгȥǣǶԶľѯʣûоöľΪһǧС㣬Щ˲ӵиʸ෴ͦõģΪһ̸ʱ򣬶ľǻЦݡ
˵껰֮󣬶ľĶľɺʤУֱܵʤǰҡֱ˵裬ķˡľźС˵
ʤЦãʲô趼ȥ
ȥ֡˵ţľߣӣһҪսӡ
Ͳȥˣ軹аˣúϢˡʱһֱĬĶľɿ˵ˡ
Ȼľɶ˵ˣǶľҲٷˣĬĬӷðɣȥϢһ¡

ϣľٵһţ̵ݸľȻָԼһƣźƶԶľ˵ϲСûص
ľٶԶľ˵˵ζǼٵģһľĻͲĪܣˣ뵽鿪ʼø
ľǿ˶ľ۵׵ĸӣҲ֪Ϊʲôӣӹݹţ̣Цлл硣
ŶľǱţһľҲͻˣľûΪڻҲ˿ʤ˵裬㿴ڵҲָĲˣѧҪҪһ£
ԣûʤ˵ľͽӹ˵ҿɲȥѧ
һϵˢˢĶͶϣһʵ
ľҲӦԼƺܾ̫ˣ˵ҶѧûκεȤϲƣѧѧЩҲ඼ѾˣҾѾûҪѧȥıҪˣЩγҲ󲿷ֶǲģ粻ѧҿʼơ˵Ƶʱ򣬶ľ۾ڷŹ⣬һһģͷʢһˮһγεġ
һԵĶľľҪƵʱ򣬽ʳĶֽͣ˼£ʳȥ֮ŵڵҪǲѧҲԣ˵ϲھ͸һչʾԼĻᣬƵĶܹ⣬ͿԲѧˡ
ԣ˶ۣǶ֪ľɵ۹ܸߣһ鱦ܹۣЩ鱦һܹķۣοľһδйƾСף
ľԥƬ̲˵ãҴӦ㣬Ҳϣ˵ƵĶˣͲҪҼѧˡ
ľ䴽ϣЦ㿴ʲôʱƭ㣿
ľȻ֪ľһԼȳ׷ľӣҲûʲôţģƳöľɸеƷе˵ͷ۵͸Ŀ
극֮󣬶ľһͷ˷óһͼֽ濪ʼ鱦һʱͣ˱ʣϸ˿ͼֽü𣬰ֽ˵ϣľɵ۹ôߣһֻһΣҪƳõ鱦
ľַ˺ü飬ҪҵС
ʤпľյķţεҡҡͷ̾һ뿪ˡ
ļ죬ľһֱԼڷǱо˳Էϲ֮⣬ʱ򼸺Ų
ʤм״Ȼʮ۵ģһţߵľķţ˼ţҲǶľ̫ڳоûʤ˼£⺰˼ľҲû̧˵˾䡰ûֱưɡ
֪ľһ˼棬ʤҲû˵ʲôſ龰ʱסˣȫֽţŶʧͼľıӰͷһֱš
ʤߵߣẰһ
ľתͷʤпľһСд㲣Ϊ⼸ûûҹƣ¶ľҲûô˯ƽʮ۾Եʮֿն
ԼҪҪעϢʤȰ
֪ʤΪãľͷ˵ã֪ˡ
ӷȥ֮ʤоҵľ˵㰡㣬ôộ㿴⼸춼ʲôˣԼڷһǿӣҪõ飬ʮͷţҲ


228º

ľɱһֱߣţһ˫ﲻ֪Щʲôã˵ԼѡģҲһĻᣬóһõƷôñŷһ˿ơ
ʤ룬ľ˵ȷʵȷģҶľҲϲƣΪ׳ʱ䣬һܹΪԼȰĶȥܶѵãҲգľȥɣϲҲڡ
ľɴһɫװͷβһ˿ģ˿ľŵķţü΢΢ɫڶľưɣ⼸Ҳûиȥ˾
ʤпľװĵӣ߹ʵɣҪȥ˾߰ɡ
ľɵ͵͡šһ֮ȥ˾
ֻʤлжľ١ľˣľǱоͶԵĵزˣÿʤжһ͸ͽȥ
Щ⣬ľԹ֮ͻȻʹӷ˳ԴˣľٺʤжЩ죬ľٴȤӴô֪ӷˣΪҪڷ﷢ùءľ۽ǴЦ⡣
ľûзֱ˵˵磬Դȥ鱦꿴𣿡
⼸죬ľоһЩƴʦԼ֮⣬Ҳûк鱦һֱԵĽӴֽϵ鱦ȻǺʵкܴĲ࣬ûʲôУȥ鱦￴鱦һЩء
Ȼľû˵Ƕľٻǲ³˶ľȥ鱦⣬ҪȥһЩаɡ
ľٴ˸绰߶ľ²ȥ˾ͷĴŶľȥ鱦ˡ
鱦鱦඼һЩûʵ鱦ľЩ鱦ЩʧҡҡͷЩ鱦̫ˣ벻˶ľɵֽۣȥ˺ü鱦꣬һľҲ鱦ˡ

һߣĪھưŵϣͻȻͽӵһ绰һİĺ룬Īԥˣһߵ˵ĺ붼ֻһ˱עĻԾֻһİ룬Ǿ˵ʶˣ룬ǰѵ绰ͨˡ
ãĪС㡣绰һͨʹһͳ
Īüͷʵλ
ǳϼŵܲã绰㵱Ȼ£ʲô£룬˵Ӧûһ㡣Ǳߵ͵͵˵š
ǳϼţĪЩ죬Ȼû̫Լҹ˾飬֮ǰĪӷ˾ǶľŵĵжԹ˾
ûмǴĻӦþģֻΪʲô绰أĪϼŵȨĪӷϣϼҪĻӦǴ绰Īӷɣ
Ī˵ʲô𣿡
ǹͶľǸǧ飬ҪǱ֪ɾͲ̫ãԻ̸ɣصȻһֻᷢȥҪĻ˵仰ܾͰѵ绰Ҷˡ
ĪͲﴫһæǾЩ㱣ȻҪܶľģ޲ȥܹΪܺõһ顱Ҳ˵
һ룬ĪǾųһĨĪЦݣ۵׻һĨ֮⡣
պòŵͳԼĵطûͳйʲôȻǲ֪ʲôӣڲ￴˿кܶ˶ǵ˵ģҲֲǸǳܡ
ĪС㣬ʱһĶ
Īѭȥһ֣һ£ȷǳܣķ˹ȥ
ĪСӦ֪˭ˣҾͲʲôҽˣҾô˵ɣҪҪľңҪľңҾһĺ飬㣬֪ĪСûк˼ЦſĪֻЦȴ۵ס
Īܵӣһ֪ĺıһˣܰѶľ壬֪Ϊʲôѡ飬֪һʲôֵġ
ãҴӦ㡣ĪȻӦ
۵һĨµֱţĪҧгݵľǲùģҳʲôҾʮķշǵơ
ע⵽Ī׺ĵͷ鿴ûѡ
ˣǽ͵ɣһû꣬ڴĪСܹĺмƻǰġվֳĪķȥ
ĪҲվ֣ǹЦ⣺Ҳͬڴܺʲôӵġ
ԭӦཻȴΪͬһĿΪ־ͬϵĺ顣


229ռ֤

ľľڰ칫ϣתеıʣ۾΢΢Ϲޱ飬׵ĺȴԽԽʢ
ȻľĪѾȥһʱˣĵɻ޷ͻ
ѵĪôױŹ
ᡣ
Īһδε۸ľξȻôֵ飬һνѵĻԺݷͷԽԽʢԺ˵Զľӹֵ
úóͷͷǲܵģľɵĺԽ䣬뵽ʲô취һϵֻһȥ
ľֻƴʦĻרҵ鱦ʿϵʽ
绰մȥͱͨˣľ̫Ѩʦûʱ䣿Ҫһæ
Էڵ˵ľܾܷԸɣֻҪܹϵģһæ
ľ˵Ҫҿ鱦ǲǳͬһƵġ
ʦˬĴӦľɻص֮ǰĪз˳һǸʦ
ʦµЧʺܿ죬ûСʱͰо˸͸
ľܣǳͬһ˵֡ʦоĽʵ߸ľɡ
ԣľҲû¶ȵı飬֪˽һûʵƷЦ۽ǹżֲмã֪ˣоĽȻᷢɡ
ڣгֵ֤ݿ֤ĪƵģĪٵĺء
֮󣬶ľͻȻ֪Сڼôˣ֮ǰôڼЩӰҲĥࡣ
ľɰѹ֮󣬾Ϳȥ￴
ľˣеʮ־ȣƽĶľͻȻкιɣһæǰѯʵľܣкιأ
ľ۶ûһֱۣ˵ûʲôǹһˣҼ
Լ˿յ֣Щε˻ڨڨ˵ãڻŰɣھ˴
ľǰʱûʲô飬ľɵʱɫһḡ˵ӴⲻǴĶľŵܲ𣿽ôʱĵطòҲΪʲô鱻İɣҪΪľɣҲᱻطԶľɵĲ˵ǻһǣڼȻûɫġ
ûû뵽ûǰࡣ
ľɱ鵭ĿûдĻ
ľЩüͷɫЩ̫Ȼ˵Ҹ
ľЦһûʲôֻʱûΪؽһЩȷʵǱЩ˰幫Ӿôĸоô
˶ľɵֻΪҪһ٣ŶľЦݵݣ޲óȥݺݵһ٣ȴΪͷ˿Լϵû
˶Ĭһˣ˵Ȼľûʲô£Ҿˣҿɲҵʱ䡣˵ţҪߵӡ
Ҫߣľɲ˵һ£㣬㻹ǵʫ𣿡Ǹ㺦Ůˡ
ʫ֣ĽŲȻ֮ͣͷľɣȴǳһϷӿ
ʫôܻǣ
ľɼشֽʣ仰ʣʫĪ֮䵽ʲôϵ
Ĭ˼룬˵ҸʲôϵʲôϵйϵҲø㱨ɣ
ľҲ׷ʣ˫ֻأȴһֻϣ
ľžúܲˬֱת뿪ˣڳȥʱ򣬻İŸˣһڷйЩʲô
»ص޷޲ƽǽ˼ţľƾʲôûװʲôú˰Ųϡ̽
ľ׼뿪ʱ򣬶Ե˵Ȼǰϵ˵ʫ˵֣۲ķӦ
ԥ룬ǴӦ֪˲õǰ˸Ӳõ
ȶľ뿪֮ļնľ˵ϵظʫ֣տʼı黹άֵʱ䲻һӾͺܿˣڽ䣬岻ܿƵĶš
֪ΪʲôʫʱôǿҵķӦԶ϶ǸŮ֮һʲô¡
ס죬ס죡ˣĿЩ
Ҳֹͣ˵ת뿪ˣֻһ˱ʹڼ
Դʫ֮⻹һθܵ£֪ǲΪ⡣


230ҹ

ܹ˴󲿷ҲЩʲôˣҲǺŵԸܵ۸ļⰲһסһӾͿԲЩн
һסһȻкôǿ϶Ҳлڼһ죬Ҳû˵ϻ˺ͷż˵仰֮⣬˽
һ֮⣬ҲϣĳиĿŵкüȻĶˣҺƽ˯ߺǳһеʲô紵ݶܹѣڸܵиë׵ĶȥʱͰˡ
ֵϣÿÿϵʱһֹĸоܴټһסԵüտˣֻһ㱡Ĳݶѣ˾ůͶ١
ҲǸˣļҪݻûвأЩǿļϣ˸˵Ļ¸
һһűޱϯϣ˫ԴһָõζʬζǼǰ϶ˣһ룬͸ܵһವķ紵˽⧲Ĵһս
¹⣬ֻмĨѣ谵Уܹд꣬ҪȥһӶطȥˡ
ţͽ硣
Ȼ˯ò̤ʵεˣһһֱ׷Ǹ˵ͻȻǸſѪڣצĳ˹һӾͱ˹
ϲ˺飬ڵĴԼ֪࣬аôˣЩֵֹجΡ
·˶ЩҹˣΪһҹֵֹͻᷢƺڹŴ磬зХ洫˽Щˡ
ͻȻһͷŰɫ·Ů˻ǰ
Ȼ龰ĵһӦǾԼӣ
ֻһŷʲôӣʫ
ʫôڼǺܾǰѾ
ʫһһ˹ȥϻ¶Цݣһһ߾ŵ˵ٹˣ
ǰЩҶôãôأǷҵĿɲֻһôҲ㻹ЩʲôǲӦðǷҵЩϰʫûͣ˲ƶǰٶȿľˡ
϶ģʫѾˣҲûйһجˣǰһУһԼĸ첲ԤеĻҪʹʮȻܹܵʹǾ˵Σǰʫʵڵģ
ֵĴһˣдʵʫӱˣٹ˺ǰҶԲ㣬ˣ
󱳵ֵ˱ǽڣ͸͸ȫ˸ףµڽԾֳŵǰġʫ
ͻȻʫһӾͳ嵽ǰ˵ľʫϵѪ߰ߣʮˡ
ʫ䴽¶̹ǵ΢Цڸ㻹ծʱˡ˵ţſ˫ȥ
͸ոجһģһ
֪淢ʲôֻ֪ʫֿҪʱ˹ȥֱڶϲѹ
ʱԼ˯ŵ˱ϯϣ˯ĺܺãʲô¶ûзʫǴڵһΡ
⵽ô£ͷš
ʵϣǼһجΣȴûУ̫йһ˵
۾Ǹող˯ѣȴԼǺƣӡ
мֻȸ˴̨ϣߴߴĽţЩ꣬ȥЩȸһɢ
ȥǼ飬ƽƽĹһ죬ϵʱĪĿʼ˯룬һڽֻϣϲҪôֵˡ
ʱһ紵˹һŮӳǰǺһʫظ˵Ļծſ˫ֲϵİûиоʫĴ
һʱ䣬Щֲ⵽ʵĻõˡ
ֱ˰ʱǸŰµʫ뿪Ѱ̾һһϵҲЩ̱˵ϣ˫ź컨壬һľż㡣
ǷģʱˣľʼЩ


231³Ϊʵϰʦ

ߵľѾûʱȥᣬڵעԼ档
ȻԼӣѾָˣǾһҪòһ仰˵ԼƷ֮ܺǰۣҪЩ
Ǹ״̬Ҫ㹻ȶȻױ¶Լݡ
˵Ҳһս
⼸ĳ֮УȥƷ֮󣬶ľҲһŵ뷨
ÿձ߰Լơ
ȶľɻʱѾûгˡ
أżвûжľӰľ΢΢üͷƺЩɻ
ʤйԹĿһۣ˵˵ΪʲôһҪȥ㹫˾ȥ㲻ⲻǣԼڹ˾棬ǲԸȥ
˵ʤпЩۣϾԼŮǣ
Լ˵˵ŸոջָأҿۣƫƫĻ˵ţʤйƶľɡ
ЩҲǿЦİˣûʲôԾĵط
ԣľüͷ첽Ŷľ˹ȥţ
һ䣬ЩΡ
ľϲĻⷽ淢չģǾһˣϾͣʺѧһǲÿɷġ
һ洫˶ľԼϵƷĵ˵ͷſڹȥſվſڵĶľɣգգ۾磬ôˣ
Щ¶ģҲûľɵʲô˼
󣬾ͿľɵıЩ仯Դ˹ȥ
㲻֪ڼҲǵ㣬ƽʱҲҪȥȥһֱľüͷ˵˵֮ͷʤУĵ˵ͷ֮ЦЦ
ƺǶԶľ̬ȣʮ⡣
ľţεջԼĿ⣬ĸ׾͸һСһŻӡ
ջԼĿ⣬Ŷľ
ľҲֻܹɵĵ˵ͷԼƷѾӴ
ĿŶľɣƺЩ˿佱ӣͼֽ滭ŵĶʮֵĸӣţľжЩϲ
ҵ죡ʤоȵסͣŵĿŶľƳģҲ̫ÿ˰ɣҪˣһҪ򣬳ȥ͸߱ˣŮƵġ
˵ţʤи˵ĲУ۾ᣬֱѹȥ
ƽʱĵľŮˣһһĳȴǸӣǵӻᱻ۸ǸֲܣһһȥԽ
ɳϣľù˶ľͼֽĿ
һԺ챦ʯԭǵͨ뷨֮УӦûеϵһЩ꣬ټжصװΣͽʸ
ôŶľɿһľЩգգ۾¶ľ˵Լõ
ѾϯʦˣǶľҲŲһĵλ
˼ˣܿһۣԱߵʤУЩš
ֻʤгЦЦգգ۾ڰοˡ
һö˶ľĿ⣬ıһӱЦеĿ
ľĵ˵ͷʦ˾һЩмطҪ޸ģȻϲʱ˸㡣
˵ţľɽеͼֽϣʤҲܹݡ
ڶľ۸ǰһ磬ҡ
գգ۾ûнԼҪ˵ֱ˵ȥ̽ԵĿŶľɡ
ԣľɲͷ˵ͷҵ˾ȥҰļ˵˵ú޸ġ
ľ棬΢΢üͷƺ˼ʲôһ֮ջԼĿ⡣
ǰü䣬ѵӣöľɵɫҲúÿģ

ڶľĲѣҪʤһףʱͻȻΪľɵһ仰Ͻͣ˶ĿŶľɡ
磬ʲôԾĵط𣿡ͣͬһ˴ĺһС̽ԼᱻҳԹˡ
ӣľգգ۾Щ
ԽԽ˵ġ
ʱ˵쿪ʼҪҰ칫ˣΪ˾ʵϰʦ츳
ľ˵
һϢ𣿾Ķľͼѡ


232Ӧùһ

ڶһ磬ľľѾˣеȻкܶԭʱҲѾкܶûйˣԼѾָˣ˵ģһٵġ
ߣǾǹĪԭǶľеִҪʱΣʫһжĻǣơ
壬޹Σ£ƺܹǸŮͻȻԼΪʲôΪʲô
һһĿߣЩ˷Ӧ
磬˵˻ʲôطڶľ˹˹ĺľſڳԱߣŴ龰ͻȻó
õӦеĳͷĪأ
ڶľĪҪӿɶģ仰˵ʱոձץʱûףΪʲôĪԴľɵ̬һٰʮȵĴת䡣
ʼΪΣʼΪĪҲϲŻˣҲΪ뷨ʱ˳˵Ĺϵġ
ʵڸһжľ̫ˡ
Ͳӵġ
һ仰ôӦ
Դ˼֮󣬴ݮڶľɵ̬Ⱦһ췭ظı仯еһбȻûô򵥡
ʱĶľлɻ󣬿ֻǴݮһֱŶľɣ֮Դ͵͵غһ𣬾ȻֻΪ
Ϊʫ
ˡȥðɡڿĶľ΢΢ͷЩһã˼
ʱ䷢飬ľһֱöľû򵥣Լƺһγ֮ͱˡ
е˻֪ı仯ԶľɶԼʮֵţе鶼ͬǰһõ̬ȣͲı仯
ӦùԹԵġľüͷ˵
ԼûйֵҪֻϣܹʤе߹ͺˡ
ȻҲΪʲôͬһˣԸı仯˵ԺУֻϡĶľεĺԼġ
ȻҲʤжŮ̬ϲֻҪܹԹԵڼдţʤпģľɾͲľ
ԣľƺЩȣתͷڿĶľɣø
֪ΪΣƺ˶ľ֮е˼΢΢˵ͷһЦݡ
İɣָˣҲǻġ
Ŷľ΢΢˵ͷŷ
һֱѹƵĸо΢΢Щ
ڶѾȥˡ
ľջԼĿ⣬Ŵ⣬ڶľɵ仯ľһֱЩ׽͸Ψһ֪ģˣûе򵥾ˡ
ܴȻܹŵĵ۹
Ҳʱ򣬶ľͻȻѵ飬ľѾ룬ӻҪһС
뵽˵
һ·˹˾ڶľĵ˰칫ңߵԬҲڵŶľɵϢ
ԬȻȥ飬ʵϰʦҪƷľļ֮ͻȻ̧ͷ۶ľԭű΢һ㡣
ãܲáԬԣͷӦ
С㣬ҹȥɡԬ˵ŵĶľɣûʲôӦһ
ľӦһԬһ·ȥ
ڹ˾طΨһӡĪͽ£µĻżȻڶľɰ칫ҵʱ򿴵Ůûʲôӡֻ֮ǰһЩ飬ЩͽѲ˸ϵġ
Щ飬Ҳûʱȥᡣ
ոյ飬Ԭߵ˶ľǰ棬ǰ֡
λ飬ԬҲǰͶľ˵ʱӣѾ˶ľɵ
Щˣ˶֮΢΢̧ͷͿԬͶľˡ
һʱ֮䣬Щ˾пʼ²⣬ĪʲôҪˣ
Īְڣ˵жʼֲ̿ΪʲôԭһͿԼ
ΪʲôĪ뿪¶ľҲǸӣûне˵
ҪʲôѽԱʦ۶ľЩɻѯʡ
СҲΪܲõ˼ӽ쿪ʼľǹ˾һԱʵϰʦҹƻӭԬ֡
Ͼľڹ˾ݶ˾֪ģҲû˼


233ʵϰʦ

֪ľǶľɵҲһˣȻʦɻΪʲôҪ˾
һΣҲ˶ľƳĺ챦ʯƷȻȥɣ㲻رõǵʱĶľҲʮҵĺӣܹӣѾܲˡ
˼ˣ˸Ͻƣһİ칫Ҷ
С㱾ͦģ飬Щ˻ҪأҪǱˣôУȺ֮Ц˵ŶľЩֺõ˼
ģ˼죬ľգգ۾û˵
Ԭתͷļ򣬡ҪȻĪλðɣλȱ˸գ˾ʦǲٵġ
˵˾䣬⻰ҲǼٵġ
ľΪһţ˾涼ԣȻͻиָʦУҪ֪칫Ҳ󣬿вˣ˶ľԭƷľģ
Ҫ֪ɲô׵顣
ЩҪܶģʱܹ׼ģ
˼ˣľ˵ͷ˾һͷλչˡ
ϣЦЦüģ۾貵ǿһÿ
ĶľЩ񣬾ƽѾͷҲҪ۸˾ˣҪΪ֮ǰľҲᷢƢѶľͻȥǡ
ãЦ˵ȻˣǾһˡ
벻ָ֮ʵÿЦ˵ӦҲǱݱġ
ЩԱߵҲЦ˳¶涼֪ģڶľЩ˼ЦЦԼԴ
֮ΪʵϰʦĶľɹݣѾԼϲƷ˼ʱ⻨˲ٵʱ׼
Ȼ˵ǰѾϯʦˣ˵ӣûп˵ʱ򣬷ȡ˵ľ飬ϻ˵ǽȡ侫ȥɡһ仰õ
԰칫ҵ˶֪ݣڰæϣǽֵľһͨʵϰʦܲĴġ
һת칫ҡ
ܲãСڰ칫ҺġԬɫȻĶľɣ˵
ڶľȥ֮һֱնľɵķԸĿŶľҲû뵽ָ֮ĶľǱһһ
ԣļ̌ͷĿԬ
ΣͳƺѯԴľ̬Ȼ
ԣԬıȴЩͣƺҪ˵ʲôֻǾһ֮󣬻û˵
ֱ˵ľüͷ˵
ҾðɣС㵽ǸոջָͰȥƣǲ̫˵ˣ˵ܲã㰡Ҳ̫ˣöô𤡭˵˵ţԬ̧ͷŶľɵɫϽ͡
ǲ˵ˣľɵɫԽԽÿˡ
ľջԼĿ⣬߶Լϵļ棬Ƿ˼ԬϣҪܹ˵ʲô
Ȼɣ˾࣬ҲͦæģܲãƽʱҲûʲôʱܹˣҪҿҲǲеġ
Ԭ棬ֻЩѾ˵ܾˡ
ϣŶľûʲôվǶ˿ҲЩš
գգ۾̽ԵĿ۶ľɣܲãûﲻɣ˵ġ
ΪľɵѾܾˣò˵Ԭ黹ʮֿԵģĶѸ٣ƽľɽҲһ
ȥɣ֪ˡʱ򣬶ľͻȻ̧ͷͿԬ鲻ԽĳһջԼĿ⣬ٿ
ԬϽӦ˳ȥ
һӣ칫ֻʣ˶ľһˣָһûһµûţһ֮ͻȻӦתͷŴ棬ʱ䲻𣿡
ѲɣʱӦ룬ζ໨һʱ䣬ˣ
ֻϧ첻ԸûȶľӦʲôʱ¶ˣ˾õһϢ
ԬҴҽܲãǱ߽Ī壬ƺҪǴչĹƷɶƳĹΣϢ˵ǣеһۣŷڣ
ԬЩżɶǹⲻɶõʦ֪ƷǿθǺ䶯ΪйƳģе̶ȿɼһߡ
ҲΪˣľľѾˣ֪ĵʱѾһҪµ˼еľƷľɶһƷҪ˾ҲҪ


234ռ

ľڵ֪ľҲƵľʱûо̫ȣԷĹ˾Ҳ鱦ٮٮߣɶƾƷľûг֣ǲ˾֡
ľĹ˾ʵҲ̶̼꣬ô̵ʱԼô󣬳츳ӣǿ˵ҰĹ
û㹻ҰģֶҲǿΪʱʵУľͳ˰ϵ׸Ҫ˵ͶľһȥεľƷ
öľЩǣľõʲôȥڱصõƣԷĹ˾ϯʦԼҲ˽⣬ȻҵвĿڱǱԼߵʦĲһǰ㡣
ûʲôµġ˵
ľڰ칫˼⣬ľûһŶӣ˭ľڱصõƣ
ľͻȻһЩע⣬Ԭȥ飬Ҫѳܲηľٶ
ľĪ󣬴ֱȥɶ࣬ȴڸտʼʱ⵽˱Ÿɶ಻Ըھǰߺŵˡ
ĪһӻҵҲգ֪ɶֶʦ׷ʲôеǰ취ɶɿڡ
Լ֮ǰʫǶ͵İŷڵͼ˳ľҪԷ뾡һа취ҪͼݵɶǰֻҪԷܿͼлӴɶࡣ
ľɵĴĪͼȷҰɶ֮ͬ㣿
ȻĪгĻشţźƣʫȻˣͼǷǳмֵģرżľȫѪķͼ
Ԭܿͽ͵˶ľɵǰľɫĿϣлһ˿ŭǶĪŮ˸е
û뵽ԷȻôҵ¼ңܲҲɵӣĪҪôɵĴ϶Է϶Ҫʲô
ֻóľ˾棬ԷôɵĴȥɶ࣬Ȼ͵ƾĪԼ˵ı£ôܻ˵ľΨͼĺˡ
ľ뵽㣬ͻȻһ֮ԬȥһҪĪͳľ֮Щ˵Ĺˮʯ
ľĪ˿֪飬һΪԷͳ嶯µˣȻҲߵ졣
Ī˳ľԥģʹüܣȻҳĳĸˣ;ԲƭֻҪܰͼɶұ֤εƺġ
ľɶԾûзеĽ䱸ЦԼ˼ĪţĪСȻô˵ˣҳĳһȣһͼ͵ɶǰʱϣһжĪС˵
ľ˵ת뿪ˣֻĪһھƵȴŶԷϢǰŷͼһֱóΪܼɶҲֻʹˡ
ɶڴյŷͼʱ򣬸еʮֵ𺳣ڿһʱͱ侫׵Ƹסˡ
Լзƣֹסľ̾˵ֻҪͼɣǽһˢƽļ¼һµ۷塣
ɶһ뵽ļֱҪֻǰͼѣܴôľϲͼĽɣǽǶôҫ۵Ĵڡ
ɶȶסԼѯͼ˭
Ļش˵ͼ֮ǰؾλСģ˵Ҫһ棬һЩ֪ʶ
ɶ֮ǰȷҪؾ󻹲ģû뵽Ȼܴôһݾϲ
Ը˵˽ɣҵȻȥǡ
ɶ಻ôõһλʦǱŷͼסˣ뿴ɵͼж໪ԼƷڵһλˡ
ĪԸļɶ࣬ڻȥ·βסԼĵ⣬ҫĺͳľ̸š
ܹɹļɶҪлֿһ֪ءĪģĸлǰˣȴ˶ԳľĲм
ľڳǺһЦװһӿ˵ţҵҵĪС̧̫ˣҪĹͶ鹦㣬ĪС֣ɶôܴӦء
˼ͬһһĴ㡣
Īǰľһɶ࣬εĺᱻŲһţľɵεĺû֮ǰô򵥡
Ҫ֤ͨľɰǶôǵľ


235Ӧ

ľɴԬĵе֪ĪȻʫƷɶ࣬ŭû뵽ĪŮ˾Ȼ˵ıɡ
ԬһԲĶľɣСĵѯţϰ壬ô
Ī͵ʫǰһͼȻֻаţҲ㹻вκɶĺˡ
ȻľܻκᣬľɸǶԷǰŷͼԭӦʫһ񶾵Ů˸ˡ
һ뵽ой֮ȼսš
ԬȻҲ뵽㣬ԭξӮӦڶľɣĿǰڹڳ˶ľɸûбܹȴͻȻðĳϸˣһеļƻҵˡ
οԷȻǺĪŮ֣ڶľŹôõȻ֪ĪŮ˰һ棬˶ԿľţͶľֱǲ֪
ľɴ粽߳˰칫ң׼뿪˾ȥֹĪͳľı
ʫǰķͼԲܱĪ񶾵Ů˸ˣȻûа취ֹһеķӸԴϵԷļƻ
ҪʫİŷͼȥǾεĺᣬľҪʵǸܵģĶ˭Ҳߡ
ԬȶľϳѯŶԷϰ壬Ҫȥ
ľںԬضľңˣ
ľֻ˵֣Ԭӻľʻȥ
ľʱڼĥƣѾٵı˷ʲôߣһһİ˼ŵ鱦
ȶľɵҵʱڹ˼ͼУ˿ûвڽӽ
ľɾôվڶľһ۲ĿͿͿȵ±ʵһͻȻһֻǽڷĴ֣ԷһƸˡ
ľһһƿڼһվ;Ӹһ£ۿžҪڵأҿľһ£ȻⲻһƤ֮ࡣ
ߡ
ľ˳ƾƽ˱ǵȥ
ľһãȻĿֱԼڳϰȫŷӦѯűӦڹ˾칫﹤Ĵϰ
磿ľգһ˫Ĵ۾Ŵϳһ仰ûڵĶľɣ¶ѯţҵƻûأôˣҪȥﰡ
΢΢üЩ˵ĿŶľɣ·ڿŶľɣԷҲĴԼƣŪϲ֪Ҫȥ
ľɸ˶ϵðȫŽĿתľһ沿΢΢һ˿ȣһĨӲ΢Цݼš
ľᲦ¶ľЩҵѵôЩײᣬȥɶҪԹԵĲҪ֡
ľ˵ͱֱۿ⣬ûд͵˼Ϊ֪ԼˣľҲпס
ôѿĽֱͣӰ͵ĿĵأʱŶľʲô
磬ɶ˭ΪʲôҪȥľĿŶľɣôû˵İ֣ڶԷͻȻֵˣľЩִ
ľȴһ⾰ǰΪһʦȻ֪ɶ־ôĴڡ
ɶǵƽʦƵĶȫ鱦Ϊ֮ߵϧһд۶Ҫһ档
ľǰΪһλ鱦ʦ˴žֻɶһλԷһĸ߳ղ֪˶˵ġ
ɶΪйƵľƷòţ˵ɶκἸǶľڱصõģôͻȻҪȥɶ࣬Ѳ;ʲôʣ
ľڳԶľĻǱտڲԣĬĿŴӹķ羰
ľľǲش⣬ҲԼһۣЩŭڼҪԼĴʦϲҲ嵭˲١
ŲŬľɣ޹ǵСԷװ°ڣţ磡˵Ϊʲô˼ңɶൽ˭㲻ҪŴҺòãòð
ͣڼʻӵԬ͵һۺӾλ֮ĻЦˡ
ľЩãȻ淴ӦԬЦʱɫǵͨ죬ǿŤͷסͮͮȴûзſԶľװ
ľ赭дƲһԬŤͷĶľĴӶԷȻԼ·׼˵Щʲôͣˡ


236·ת

ϰ壬ǵطˡ
ԬΪľɴ˳ţȶԷ³ϳţվڶľɵࡣ
ľʵʵĸڶľɵһ֮ǰڳȡֵӡ
ľ߽ɶŵĻݣľȫһԲ˽ȥһ·ͨ˻
зԱɿڵĵĺȵĿȺ󣬱Ц뿪ˡ
ڶľԺɶӦõһʱһ޳ӰľɺͶľ
halo˼ˡɶԴǸЦţ򵥵ľɺͶľһҽܡ
˼Ǿõˣɶܸ࣬ٴμ㣬ľ
ľվɶһ֣òʧŵĺţ߶ˣ˵ԲӦҲŶԣɶˡ
ɶֻ΢΢һЦĿתվڶľߵʱЩɻĿѯţλǶľİһλܿɰŮأ벻ľȻϲ͵ġ
ľüͷݺһ˵Ҫɶʧˣվߵλҵİˣҵöľ
ҲѹɶΪİѶľľɵİˣվһʵ̫ˣ۴ʻֵԳ֮ΪһԼˡ
ɶ࿪СҲֻһܿͷӦͶľɽ̸
ԷȻʱ϶лҪ˵ģû׼Ǹ֮ǰҹĪͬĿġ
ľɵſһԣĿбӵĶűӷҵĿ׻
ֻû˼ıƫҪװʲôҲ鷳ǶľɱϾλˣ˵ɣȻǶľĴʦ޷ġ
˿Ϳ̸һľɰѻξƷ档
ɶһľξƷ飬뵽֮ǰǰŷڵͼҲࡣ
˵֮ǰ׼йΪƵ⣬ǾڸոҿһܰƣͻȻ͸ıע֮ǰ뷨Ҿûκζܱˡ
ľɱԷ£òѯɶ֪࣬Ǳҹʲôסˣܷͬ½һأ
ľ΢΢۾ϸϸ˼ʲô
ɶڿĪǰŷͼһֱոϲڷڵϣȻкֲܶͬ˵ԾʮֵϲضָŵƷ
ضľӦ˵Ʒɣ䣬ɶͰԼ֮ǰҵһЩڷڵƬ˳
ľɽɶķӦòĲ濪⣬ľ˳
˵ȻϲģҲҪܲľڡ
ɶЩ죬ľ⻰ʲô˼Ѳɶľҵ۹⣿
ɶˡľصĹһЦŲĿڣҪϵĺɶ̸ģȻڷиоԵ츳
ɶϵƬɻţ֪ľ˵кܸ츳ûУڵҪһء
ľ¶ľƵɶǰ

ɶЦҡҡͷͬĿ˵ţľҪҳںԣ벻ҪЦ𣿡
ľζĿһ۶ľһһĿ˵ɶǲҵ۹⣬Եһ¡
ľվƺûб֮ĶԻŵ
ɶϸĹ۲ľԷӸղŽһֶû˵֫ϵĶϸ΢ɵĲӡ
ǷԸҽвԣɶŶľȻĽвԣû䱾˵ʱǾԲǿȶԷµġ
ľͺܾɶܼ࣬˲ҲμӶԷĲԣȻһٸԸġ
תͷһ۶ľɵɫڶԷʾµͷӦˡ
ɶܿͰѲҪĶ׼ˣĸľ׼һ䣬öԷڹ涨ʱڼ˴
ڹ涨ʱɹԼĴӷ˳һԵɶˡ
ɶյһƺ󣬳ɹıľ츳ˣԷÿһÿһ˿¶޷ƽǼٵĴڡ
ɶ֪һɶõĺӣܺͶԷںȥȻֻ洦ûкҶľŵۺѡľɺԺԼйгҲӵķ㡣
ɶ൱ʹӦ˶ľĽ飬ϵϣܾͳϵĺ


237

˵ʲôͳϵĺɶ֮ǰǳϺʱô˵İ
ľٸǿᣬĵĳŵһκɶĺһɹ˳ĻɶǳϿԴгӹ˾عʣƱмֵߡ
ɶྐྵȻ绰ҪǳϽϵ
⡭
ľŭѯɶ࣬һµʲôԭ𣿡
ǳϲ𣿿϶˴ѳϺɶĺˡ
ľɫĽ»Īڰ칫ſڵɫģﲻĸоԽԽǿңܣôˣ
ɶͳϡԼˣ
Īļֶһ£ȻЩĵȷġ
ľĳĪûмŭӣʶо£ʮȡ
Īӵȷ˭𣿡
ľЩйĵ:ûУ
ˣҸղŴӵ绰ľͶľ˵Ц϶ģ
ľóֻ²绰ɶ࣬ԷԵ˵ûô˼ɣ߳ľĲûдȷʵǶľҵ˽غǵĺͬ
ɶ࿴õƣȻѡͳľԼǳ˵ʵҲòõƷļҲǿˮͨҵרҵʿģһ㡣
Щʺ˵ɶ˵绰ֻཱུ
ľĪдִá
ߣȥҶľͶľɣ
ľŲɲͣڶľҹ˾ſڣպÿľö˵ЦҪ߽˾ţüۣصˤϳţܵľǰסǶˡ
ľɿǳľüͷ𣿡
ľľһ䵭ӣѹĵ׵ŭͬɽ緢һ˲䱬ը
ľӦ֪Ϊʲô
ľɶͳϵĽԼ˦ľɵϣԷûΪľΪκζ
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ľɶ˶촽ĪľʮָߣҪģɶǶľǩԼ˵ľұǳϸʵҵƷҲǾĿģҲϲҵƷ

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238º

Ԭ˵Ķ滰
ľе㸴ӣĻôǰһʮֿϧ
ԭģĪԺ󣬾ͱˡ
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239¿ʼ

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ʤߵľɵ鷿ѾˣǶľȻû˯Ȼŵڴ
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240½

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241²㱩¶

ĪϲԼ뿭ĽףÿȥҿԽܡ
ΪԼ뿭鲻ñ֪ÿĪȥҿʱ򶼷ǳĽһʼԬûзĪ뿭֮ϵ
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242۹

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244

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⿴һУοһֱľɾͲôϲԼãܺúгദһǸ˵ģŵĹغ뿪ˡ
ľһĵֱ˯ȶľæú󿴼˯һԵãóˣٶˣͻȻһ˿ѹԽԽ󣬾ͻи˷һ˿΢΢ĽŸС
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245ɶ

ɶಢûйϸʲôѾĬƷǶľƵġ
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ľһű㿴Լĸ׸ȫվ⣬
裬磡ôˣ
㰡
˵꣬ľٱȴӶľ˹ȥ
ʤпŶľЩɸ֣
٣ôĸ磡ûûС
һԼôûûСˣ
ﴫ˶ľپǿƱ
ľ״Ҳæʤз˽ȥ
ˣ裬ͲҪҸһƽˣֲ֪ʲôУ
϶ľһֱŶľϷʤһչǡ
Ǵ˿̵ĶľͲʲôϷھԼæµϲǰͼֽ
ϲֱԼһ޶Ķ
ǣļ̌ͷһæµʤиĿĵĶľٲ̾˿
˱ϾһƬĵô顣


249

ڶľ⼸ҲѵԴӶľֱָչ¶Լ츳ÿ춼Ϊľͻ¼ͷۣһж졣
һĪ͵͵ӹ˵۾˶ľɹ˾¥ֻһΪʲôϯʦһֱıľôһϦ֮ȫûˡ
ãλСԤԼ𣿡
Īոս˾ͱŶԷְҵԵ΢ЦĪмЦ֪˭𣬾͸ҵ·˵Īﴳⵢ̫òȻĪӷɷһ
ӴŮһ㶲Ӧܿ죬æסĪСûԤԼǲԽȥģ
ſڵĽӴģʶҲпԭġ
ĪһѰѶԷƵڵϣŮͷϱһͬҲӴŮ
մԬһžͿһĻأ˾ſעȥˡ
ŮһǹõõԬĻԺܻԼĹλ
ĪСúõĺαΪСԬϾĿĪ
Īͷ۾Ƿߺޣҵ˭ԭǶľߵһľأҹ𣿡
ԬȲᰴĪ˵ȥжľɣҡ
֤ҷģĿǰϵƺ˰ɣ
Ī˫սַ£ߵȻԿסԼĿǶľţҲˣƤӣʲôϵģʲôҽֻľɡ
ġԬ˵ֻǶľڴ뿴ĪȥʣڼͲܾˡ
ң
칫ľϵһֲҶѾľۣ˿ûиȫûڶľǰ˵ʱ¶ȡ
ΪϴεܹģĪӷɶ֪Ԭ²š
Īӷ֪Ļġľɵͷַһļ
ľҪæԬ¥ĪȴֱľɺסͻȥɣϾĪҿɲֹһ
Ԭľ仰ЩͷԲˡ
Ī֪ľɲԼ߲֮Ѳܲ˵ĻصпʼʰҪˡڹڲһʲô飬ϯʦѾûˣԴСǶľЩ˻ĪЦ
ʰҪȥģ˵ոܵľɵĹ˾ȥˣĪӷյϢصͿĪڿٵʰ鵽㲻ܹԹڼ𣿡
ڼĪӷǲΪҲ֪ʲôĪϣóֻĺ࣬ҸҲŹľģôϯʦλֻҵģ
ĪӷɿĪĿЩ䣬ʲôʱأһֱûпأȥģ
ѧϰȥأĪνЦţ˵ȻҪȥѧϰˣȻΪҸȥľ𣿰ûôͼ
ô룿ĪӷĪʲôҲţ˵ȥѧϰҲһ¡
ĪȻô룬뷨ԲĪӷ֪ҲֻװװӣȻҸôѽҶĻƱң
ĪӷɵͷֽӹĪ䣬𣬼ȻѧϰǱ֮רѧϰߵ鲻Ҫˡ
ĪţĪӷɺ¥Ҫˣ𣬿ܲһҹ֮ϵ²ǰݶľ
Ǯ˾͸˵Լչ˺ԼĪӷɸоĪĳĬҲЩĪõѡˡ
ĪЦ֮ǲǾͿΪΪˣ
ţĪӷɲ⡣
֪ʲô֮䲻ҪĨǣĪҵĴֻҪһžͲһЩĵ˽ĪǷЦȻ˿һĵʱϣ㲻ҪʧҶľҵЩ˿ôΪԸ𣿡
Īӷɲ֪ĪЩ뷨Ҳ̫࣬ս˷̲Ī
һ·Ĭ
Īӷɽӵһ绰뿪ˣĪĻ޶˶ľǶľǶľôôǱ뿪У
ԽԽĪϷɻǰһڲͨһ绰ΪѧϰֻΪЩڹ㶯ֶѣٳʲô¾ûлɵˡ
Ī΢ЦŰֻ˻̾һףˣľ


250¶ľĸ

ĪסĵطԽԽԣ֮ǰĵ绰Ĳףĵһ¾ϵ֮ǰˣҵľڹ¶Ժ飬òĸ飬ϴεĻٸһ
õģĪС㡣绰ͷһŮỺ
ԽԽãҪ֪ҡҵ绰֮Ī˺еֽľҪֻ֪һĺӣʲôұȣ֪ʱҵҪô졣
Īһж˶ľϣûжľĿϯʦ
ʱĶľ֪ȴʲô⼸챻ǶźúϢѾоԼķչˡ
ൽ¶Ժҹ¶ԺȥѾЩͷЩ˲ߵĵطѾҰݣҰ֮֩ȻѾ滹ǹżֻСɳ档
ǽǺܾǰɫᣬѾʴĺȲһЩף¶İ׻ңһСķ۱Ϳѻ
˾滹Щֻ洫ЦˣںӵģġɾЦ
ץˣСкȺƺҲоԣ۾ϵĲλ㣿
СãԺģܴ·𣿡Ĳ˲кϵĺ
кһЦ۾ŽӰ財ã֪Ժģ
СкĴ£ҹ¶ԺԺԺһλݵͷ֪˼ҲΡΡĵ˱裬Ȼкȥˡ
СϰӴЩͷˣǰӵͼǲˡ
Ժ͸¶ںǵ飬죬ԺϽǵϣԺûб˼֪ܾ֮ǰ⺢ӾͱˣҺ⺢ҲϤѽĿɲأ
ĳĸ͵ģῪڣҲ֪Щǲһȥ˵ģԺͬӣ˵һӴСòױ֮ȴġ
ɫڵԺڶ˶üëһ˫۾Ҳþ񣬡ЩҪʲôϵ
ҭסеĲ豭С˳æǸϵļʪԺóȥɹɹ
ǲ˼Ժֻ鷳ԺĲԸ˵йǺӵ𣿡
˵˵ͷЩ鲻׸߱˵ģϣ⡣
ΪѵĵͷոǶļ￴йضľģȻ֪ͷΪʲôڷľϵҲԼȡϿģȴû뵽ô׾õˣŶӣԼ뿪ˡ
ԺԼ֪ķĪ
ĪĿԼյϣȥԷ򸾹ڶľ飬ǿľ
֪ˡϢ֮յַҵ˶ľĸĵط
Ǻܼ򵥵һСϢСĽѾǺˣСſڱүҫ»˯
׵ĽСϵַǰš
ŵһŮˣʮҵɫƣѾʮһ˯һɫĴ£ǣ
Щ˵ҽȥ˵𣿡վſڵ
˭Ҫˣﴫһ˴֮дЩ͡
Ůʾ֮ںһ£˵˵ȥ
ĵĴԣļͥŵ߰ŵ˵ķ˵ζֱ޷ôľŮǶԼϵֱԼߴ˵ط
ʲô¸˵߳ңЬ̤̤߳ҾɳϡϢ֪𣿡
˵йرӵǸӡಢϣӵصҲҪ˵Ŀͻֱӿżɽһҹ¶Ժ񵽺Ǯ˼ڹķˮ𡣡
ں˵ʲô˭ǡ˱粵š
࿿ǽԼָףȲüŷϣֻǸϢĺ޹أǵ궪ĺӻţıǺõĶࡣ
˵ʲôҵŮţŮ˴ӳܳ˲ֱס֣ҵŮģôܺ𣿡
ĬĬƿŮմյ֣ľһҵŮ
ľңͬŮ˵ļֱֻӲ֪Щʲô˵
ûĺܴĶľҡҪ˵˵ˣ΢Ц뿪ļ


251ĸ

תһɨøɸɾĵ·ҵõֽдĵַΪʱ䱻￴ֽϵּѾģ塣
ǰķ޵ƯһԺӡ󺣴ָʹƶʾ֭˶ⶰƯķӵĳƺԱߵյֳ˳°ȷ磬һĨĨϵĺˮһ߿ǰǴûĴӣɤ˵:Ͻ㿴ֽдĵϾطӴ
ŵĴһǰ˼˫ְϱĴµ:طۼҹŮûͦûԵࡣ
Ʋۣ˵:ˣϽʵĵҲЩ棬סΪһ֮ҪǰһʡǴӸеһƫԶС˼СʱĻ𳵵ּ֮շתҵ
ѰǵŮ
ķѾע⵽涺˺ܾõŮֻ˴ݵģһֱΧڴⲻ֪ʲô⡣ķȻ²͸ҪʲôĴôãһʲôˡ
ķվڲİĲǰִһƬ̣ջת¥Ϸ˵ķȥ
ʤӦһŴһķǫ:̫̫¥ȥɣ
⻰ʤеͷ鱾̧ˣһ˿⣬ʵ:ôˣ
¥¡
ķ:¥˹ģ֪ҪʲôҿģͲʲôʵˣ
ʤ¥ȻԼҴǻһһŮķΪ˱Ĵţϵ磬˫۴һһŮ
ʲôҪ𣿡ʤгԺӣվǼԶĵطЦʵ
еĿһʤʻ֮ͺƵĶ㵽ǰŮʮƯһȹһ˫ɫ˿࣬һɫĳײᡣɢʸ˵ʱڸһʮѧʶŮԡ
㡭ʤм𣿡ǰһһ˵ȴǶġ
ʤһ˿ɻǰȴЦӯӯģ˵:֪ʤʲô飿ҾʤС
⻰ý󺣸͵İһ¡Ƭ֮ץ󺣵·˳ָʤУ΢Щʧ:ǵŮ㵱
ͻȻҵİʤٿһ¾˫ۣ˫¶ŵ顣þõûп˵
ǰŮʮּ򵥵һ仰ͻе΢죬þ˵һ仰
ʱһԼʶ˵:ǰŮʿɣǵŮ˵ӹ¶Ժ
ܲܰǣſǰλʮƯŮƺǷĻ𾪵ˡһߵȴʤеĻشһĵ´
ͱ˺ݺݵ һݺݵһۡ
ʤɤɬ³һ:ôҵģֻƾ򵥵һ仰ȷˡǧȷŮĸǣ
˶ľô갡ǰ˵ֻƾһ仰ҪָôŮǶľĸף
ƲƲ죬۾ֳһϲõĹâص:ǿŮôˡû뵽ҵ
仰ֺݺݵʤһסԼǿ¶һЦݣ˵:ﲻ㣬ȸҽ˵ɡ
ʤбķȥ˶ľĩԵʣľڼֻһ򵥵˯£ͷ纳һš
һ߽¥µĿľͱ󺣸סˡĵײЩ֣ѺõĶЦЦɳ϶ŵʤУɻĽе:䣿
ľഺõͣһʱ֮˿γּˡ
ʤĬĬľ֣:
ľվʤǰ
ʤָָʶĽ󺣸ĸ
ʤ仰һ䣬ľ˫ۣصһ£ըˡ
󺣸ĿεϿ·ڴһƷ
Ӵզզ
裿ľֺʤһ
ŮҲ谡 ľǸһǵŮ˵
ʤоȻûз
Ȼطȥʤ
ͻȻðĸöľ˵ͷ˵Ŀ⣬Լ䡣


252Э

ľ¥֮ʤǣǿԼǿ:֪λôƺ
󺣱㺩Цˣش:ҽн󺣣ָָԱŵ
ʤ˵˵ͷͻȻ輸ϵĲ豭һˮˮһڣȴѾ͸ǡǡʱƣɬѡ
ʤе:ʵʮ꣬ȻԼģһֱԼġҼһӣΨǶƫĵġ
ǰЦȻʤбȲϣ˵Ůҵ˿ԸʤдĻᣬҲ֪ģԭǱ˺ӣ
ⲻһϢǾϸϹˡ
ʤĳּ˼֡:ǣµĸĸûвԼŮġǡ
̫̫ҲܰǡҵŮԶҵŮ
˵ʲô͵Ĵɳվǵ۾ֱֱĶʤС
:Ůƾʲôǣ
ʤ
УǵŮҲĶʤС
ͻȻ״ʤмҪֲȥ۾ﲻԾľŽ󺣸ƴţջǿƲ
ֲ˲ᣬֻͨ˶ľɵĵ绰
绰һͨʹżֿǻԶľɺ:СɰϽ
绰Ǳ߶ľƺһʲôʤ˵:Ȼ˵ڣϽĸһ
ʤй˵绰ǿԽ󺣸˵:飬ǵҶӻ̸ɡһ˾
󺣸˵ͷ
˵װʤзԸ˱ķ׼ЩԵģɳϱֱ۳
ԼһСʱ֮󣬶ľҵĴٴα˴ˡʤ̧ȥȴԼĶӶľ١
ľٴһɫװһӢģ
衣Ƚʤһ˴к֮ǰľѾ˵ˣ𽭴󺣸ԷޣҲʵʲôñ
û°ɣľٿʤ⸱ģﲻЩġʤҡҡͷ
Уȥľٵ
ʼҪʤҲס
Ůľ󺣸վһеĿ
Ȼľȴ¶Цݡ
ջǽӲΡ
һԿתŵվĻһ¡ľŽŵǸˣڳһֲҿ޵ı飬ίĺ: 硭
ľɵı˵ϺãƲ˶ľһۣġšһ߽ڳļ˶Ծı죬˭Ҳûȿ˵
ľһģֱ֮Ž󺣡
һƺܵո䣬ԼԣǷõĸ
ֱǰ˲˵ˣ̧ĨĨϲڵ麹ش:ǣǼŮǵŮȥġϾҸŲĸĸ
ľɺü˹ĿɫѲ⣬ֻ˵:ص˵˵ûʮǶһҲûɡô꣬ͻȻǾΪΪһеļͥʹͬ⣿
ѽʼֻһ仰
ץץԼͷ: Ǵϵ⣬һ̥ʮģ
ľʤĲ˵:ôǿİҪȥˣܸСͱˣܣǾں
ľֺ
׿ԸԸǻȥ
ľѾһƬ죬˿Գĸķޣսͷת˶ľɣҡͷ:磬Ҳ뿪ǣ
ˣ󺣸ͻȻһ˵˵ϣŰһ:ǰɣǵŮͻȻ¹򣬶ľһ˶ˡ
ʤиϽǷһӾͳˡЩ顣
ȱȰ
۶ľɣľߵһߡ
ʤе촽˶ջѹ˵:Ҫ͡Ļ˵
ľθ:裡
ľҪˣί:ôҲŮ𣿡
ǣҵȻǡʤбסľֵ:㿴ǣǲˣٿ⸱ģȼͥҲǺܼѵġôԶ㣬һҲ㡣ʱܲˣȵ
һֱ㣬һҪТ˳÷ֵǷǺڰס裬ͬҲûд


253ദ

ľʤе˵ͷ
ҹʤ󺣷һ˸һʤдǼΪڣΪǰźһС
ľȻӦʤУȥǡͻȻֵĸʼȻԡοҲġľ
ڽ󺣷ζӳµģ֯һ
ͻȻһŶľʹ:һʲô
ľһͷͿľ˱ͦվڽſڴ
ҲֲʱԼϵһ飬ֻĹ˹ǣʶĳľһЦص:ôˣ
Ȼһ䣬ͻȻһĵ׵ı塣
ľڿ޵涵ʱľɳԼ߽ˡܿ죬һ˫־ʹļŵİ˲ᡣ
ȥϢľ³⼸֡
ڶһһ磬ľշתһ֮ɫһʱֵסı˫ۣǳǳ˯˹ȥȻϢĺʱȴûгã¥ͻȻһһֱȥ
öľ˯šҪֲסʱ򣬱ķÿʱˡ
һ˫Ȧȴ¥ʤ󺣷һʱ
Ҫת뿪ȴʱס:˰Էɡ衭˺óԵģ㳢ʶԼ˵ԣʱ˽Ҫ˵ڵĻ
ǰ˭Ҳûдľһ仰
òת˻ȥͲŵӦһϣİ˴Եġ
Ϊ˲ǵĺ⣬ľÿһ˼ڡԷĻ̶ȲߣڶľڿɱһˡͬҲŬٶá
Щ鲻Ƕ˭һܵõġ
ʧô꣬ΪʲôҪôʱ;أ֪ƻһͥҸ
Էһʲôأʤÿͷֱѵ
ŶáľŻع
Ͻ󺣸һֱڳŻԾաȻǵĻԶľһҵ˵ȴͬ硣ľûоһٷ䳡Цжȹ
磬ľڷõԴ񣬷һӾͱˡöľһڵðȲ֪ĳЦ
ˣľ˿ڡԼɤӶڷУޣϽߡ
Ҹ׼Щˮ԰ɡ˵СǱ΢Ŀ
ľһ̲ˮж
ҲֻܳĬĵ˵ͷ
һľҶһֹ󺣸ʲôҲǴҪֲľҪá
Ȼܶʱǻغ£ܶ󡣶ľҲۿţȥǣıԼǵƫ
ЧȻ󣬱һ˵ȴҲǺ˲١
ȻЩ״ֵᷢÿ˶ÿ
ľһʧصĺ:ȳȥ
û´ʱľϲŴơ
һŵı飬֣ڿõĻһ¡
ȥľҲƲס۽ǷĳĴ󺰡
ľͻȻƿŽʱʶûδļµ·סԼҪλ
ȻǰλҲһһλŮˣȻڲкʹѾǵһθˡ˶ľڻ·ʱ
ãáɰͰ͵ĵĬĬ˳ȥ
ζľˡ
ûһʤоķš
ڿԽ𣿡ʤʵ
šľƵӦһ
ôǲָĸˣʤЦŹıǼ⣬ο:СܵĽ㲻һӦóȥߺúõĸͨղ󺰴С
Ů𾴡ҶԱҲǺûòġ
ľ:
㿴ҸܺúദģҽܲҲеģزܵģľ
ʤе:˵Ҳĸĸǲɸıʵദкܶ಻죬ΪŮȥǵȱ㡣ٵȼʮ֮㻹Ǹǵġ
ʤͻȻס˶ľӵ:ͳȥɡǡ
ӣҲǱԼڽʵˡ


254

жͻȻµıôֲûκԤ׵ģ͵ת󣬽ж͸
ŵǴϱ򵽵Ĺ·ˣǷһľУϲ򱯣ʧĻ
ľȻڹ˾¥µĿŲȥȥˡΪԵʣԭĿＷһˣĿ
Щͷյܵһƽ˭ҲʵҪһѹסˡһʯѹؿڣ
⼸ֻҪһ߽ԼԺӣͻʵĵĴ򿪼ǷҲľˡⲻ
磿ľٴŲȷɻ߽ˣһĿˣҴ˭
ľٷǳȻ˶ľɶ棬ʵ:ôⰡҲأҲٹ˾ƴļӰࡣ
ľɵɨһۣû˵ֻԼǰĿȻһڡ
ľһתͷӦָָľɣ:һġ
ľɲ̫˽̸׵ܵܡǮһųƱѹڿȱ£ԼװףҪš
㲻˰أߣľ˵Ҳ
ĿȡľһŵӦϡϽ׷ȥ
ڶľûѪѳŹϣľ˳˳Ĳĳ
ҲؼҰɣ£ֵȥһľɿһУЦͬľ˵
ľϲ¶һ˿ľټشִֹʵ:٣ȥȥô֨һ
ľֱж˻ش󽫳ͣ˱һҷ꣬ſ֮ķɡǣԱꡣ
ˮţҪƵƴȫĳˢϵһС
ǶһᣬľٰѾƵˮһ䡣кư׾ơƻӣźһͶľɺû
һ˰ᣬֵܻҲ˵ĬĺȾơֻΪȾƶȾƣϵĲ˭Ҳûһӡ
Ŵ⼱еˮľɾԼˡΪͻȻ
磬˵ۼǲ̫˰ʲô£ľٺһڣľɣַӵķϡ
ļ̌ۿһۣšȻֵ:ˡ
ľ˱̧ʮֲòָ:˵Ҿ˭֪ǧ
ľɱ죬ʶȤĲ硣
ߵ˴ߣƿĴ꣬綼ģһƬʲôҲ塣
ۼˣľʵ
ǰôɵǻͺ޲øƲϵ˵žͣͷƺڻǰĶľ
ģҶ첻ʶˡֱǱһˡǰĸǸôáǡ
ò׵ģʧȥΣա
ľûӹָ:͹עЩҿôôϸ
ľ:
̸º𣿻ҪĸǶԸĸˣĲģ
ûȶľɻش𣬶ľͰ¶˽ۡ̾:ۣѪǿð
ľƲƲ죬:ˣؼҡ
ܲð칫ңľޱĿǰԳ֪һкܴܵŮˡŮ˰죬Ų¶ɫʵ:Ҫʲôôҵ
ֻƾһ仰ͳ׶Ůϸˡ
໯ױ¶һЦݣǣ沿һСˡ
ڵ:ܱ˵Ҷ˵ˣܶоԺôġ
ľƵĵ˵ͷ̧ͷ:Ҫʲô
:ô˼ܣ
ֱ֣ʮ㹻ˡ
ԡ
⻹Ҫܣʮ򡣡
ʮԴЦˣȻ
칫ﰲĳȥ´ǻ
ľԱŸղŵƣ˻Ƶ˵:ͶľλС㡣سҲ֪ɣʵ Ƕľҷ˼ĺӡġ
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ľһƣ Ǯ㿨ϡ
һڶľҪܾͱ͸¶ȥ
ߺ󣬳ľſյİ칫ҺЦЦԼãүҲϰ
߳ϵĴźŽֵ߽һѱע⵽ֻһľӦѾͬŴڳһʮЦݡһƾǵĴ׬ȡǮƣȻǸš
Ⱥֵ췭ظ޹ء


255µ

ľõϢʱܼ⼸죬һֱ뷽跨ҶľɵİѱԴвǶľУһۼҪҵİѱѡ
û뵽ʱȴͻȻϢǻ첻˰
ֻҪѶľŪߣľû˵ɽľɻôȥ
ľţͬʱҲҪѶľ
͸ȥһµʤӵҽԺԽԽáľ´ѾȲҪѶľɸˣֻҪľɵ£ŻлΪҵһ
׻˵һɽݶľɲ磬޷Ϊֻġ
绰ǱߵСڽӵ绰֮ǰﻹһķ棬˳ľżͰ˳ٽ˼ȥ˵ãȥ顣
Ƭ̹󣬳ľֻһϢϵĵַһЦ
ľɣŰɣһùģ綼һʲôԽߣԽʹ࣡
ǰʤҽԺľһͳˣ˭еʱĶľҾǵ쵱ҵңҵҵϢý嶼ȿֺԵʱʤºӵʱý͸˳ŰӵҽԺҲ¶ˣŸ˳ľĻᡣ
ʤļ¼ҽԺڻб¼ʱʤнҽҽԺ﹤ľҵʣûиһʤеŮ˽ӹ
ҽǰװģϵҲ˲һһֺˣҽ֪ľΪʲô£׵ľҸܶҲ̫ˣҪȵһ£ȥ˰Ѽ¼һ顣
ľ˵ͷ뵽ʲôһֵֻòʮǰľˡ
ô࣬ҪһһĻҪѺöʱ䡣
ҽͷ뿪ˡ
СҪʮǰĵ¼㻹ҵõ𣿡ҽҽԺңҵʡ
ԣСԾķ˷ɫۿȻ˵ڵϢܷˣҪѶʮǰļ¼һ׵飿
ôͻȻҪôǰļ¼Ȼ֪첻̫ãĻʹ˳
ҽεʼ磺ոһͷСˣ˵Ҫ飬Ǹ˽ʤУҲ̫ǵˣֻԼǵöǰǸһ˽ӹʱ񻹷һ飬ʱ̫ԶˣҲ̫ǲԻҪ鷳СˣԽϸԽá
˵ˣСֻôӦͷʼһͷڵ档
Ȼ˵ʱԶʵϵҲ̫ѣʱ˴Ȧ֮СŰѵĽӡһֽҽ
ҽŵ˺һȻ顣
ʤеʵһ˫̥һһŮʱѺ֮ŮȴͻȻˣʱ²пǱ˷ˣʱľҾѾˣҽ񻹼ǵõʱĳΪһӣҽԺûˣ滹Ϊ˶ľҵ¸ѹȥ֪˺٣񿴵ݵҽͻȻͶˡ
ֻ֪ľҪݵϸʲôôҽԭ򣬲ܺ没˵˽ټϳľһͷСˣӲҺ棬һ֮ŵľ
ľһֱҽԺʱ̫ãһɲü֮ӿֳҪҪöľɲùŲʱ˷档
ҽԼʱ򣬳ľһֱߣ˵أû˵ķϻ
Ҳ˵һʤŮʿһ°ɣʤһ˫ֱ̥һһŮŮȴ˸ˡҽѵݹȥ˳Ҳһ߸˳ľ
ԣľü𣬾ȵʣô
ҽһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ڵҲֳһӰ죬ֱѹȥԺܶ˶֪ҽּ˵
ľӺģ׵Ԩѹ֪¡
û뵽ʤȻйһŮҲΪŮˣʤвŻȥ¶ԺѶľԼŮһԴʤ˵ľʱ򣬾񿴼Ůһ
õϢǳľ벻ģͬʱҪȥѾȷľǶľˣھ͵ҪʤеŮҳ
ûҵŮ֮ǰľ׼ع飬ҪȻ۵һ𱬷źá


256¶ʧĺ

ľ飬Ҫãã˺ҵһ˲ѣܿ죬͵鵽˹ʤеҽԺﱻߵǸŮһϢ
ԭǸӵȷǱ˷ӸߵģǸ˷ٺְѺתBǵһͥ
Ǹȡ꣬û뵽ǼȻûʲôĻȡֻͦġ
֪ʤ֪ϵһһֱһСС룿
ľһȥ壬ǸطƫƧľŵҲֻܹҵһŵλãһ·϶᫣·ҵγθҲɽĺܣֻһֱǿţû³ѡ
֪˶ãľҵǸС壬һ˺ܶߣȻЩֱ治Щ𣬵ǿľ֪ͷС
ľ³ܵĻü΢΢ܶˮ̶ɢһζһֶУɫһ±ӣŵζǻָĿ϶öľҵĴСȻֵط˶ʮ꣬ȥҲ֪һô롣
ΧβСľҲ֪һ꣬ոһ³ע⵽ΧĽڵ۹⣬˳һʣ֪ס𣿡
ƺû뵽ľͻȻסЩͣӦ֮ͷָһܰС˵ס
õش֮󣬳ľɿŴ֣ӿڴóһֽ˲ո֣ӽֽһ
ľٶЩΣһߣ֪ͻȻõĴ͵ٶӦ
ľ첽߿Сȥ뿪֮ΧĴΧһߴߴۣ
˭ͷͦġʲôϵ˭֪أҲӦֺĹϵҿͦģ˵ҵҲ˵ءĽиˡҿʲôãǮͦ˧ģ̫ˡ

һߣľҲסļͥľʵĴŽţƾɲľ滹һЩˣľҡҡͷš
ˣ洫һŮ
ű򿪣һ֨ľһŻͷף·Щʪɢһζ͸ղһ³ŵŵζһľ΢ɲüͷֻûбֵ̫ԡ
ϸĴһǰŮˣ͸ľ£һܹü￴һʤеӰӣѵʤǸߵŮˣ
ûмľˣʱּһգգĶԼСѸƮϼΣɬʣ˭
ľ˲ӣ˻ͣ棬꿴һӦ뵽ǰˣͷβĻʱһĽ
ʱԹԼΪʲôһƶļͥӦóڸͥųԴӡ
ľҲע⵽Ŀ⣬ЩûʲôЦһС㣬ѵ㲻Ӧҽȥ𣿺ôҲӦһλͰɣ
ԣ࿪óľȥˡ
ľһ·ӣ˵Ǽͽıˣϻû㣬ϵǹζӦǴģüۼӿϼᳰ
겻ɵӣȻҲ˳ľ֮⣬ѵһֱ˵ĸоȻľʲôҲû˵һͿԴУͬʱԹΪҪ˵Ĳ
һӾͱЩ
һǮ˵𣿡ľͻȻʡ
겻֪仰ʲô˼ѭ˵˭ΪһǮ˰ΪǮˣÿ˵ɡ˵⻰ʱϻһı顣
ľ˲ЦС㣬ʵǸǮˣڱһǮ㱾꣬նľľ֪һ壬Ĺޡ
һȦĿųľȻ˼
ֱľ˵һ֮ףԭС壬ӦǶľҵˡ
޲ɹȥҵǸҡ˿Լ˵ʲô˵ʲô
Ļа취԰ﵽ㣬ֻҪ㰴˵ȥܹ֤ϾܹǮ˵ľһصӡ
ãġӦĺܿ졣


257´Ͻ뿪

ľһģ︹̣ԭľҵĴСҲס
͸һȥɣһͻصľңҪһʱУڼҪҵİţ֪ûУľɫӹһ˿⡣
ͷҸȻô죬ȫĶҪϸСϡ
ڸľ뿪ʱԼЩ·ˣڴľҵһͥ
ľصBִ֮ȫ¶һ飬ǴСˡ

һߣľլ
㲻Ҫǵͷļ׵ܴܵ˺һţټɡֶһţ̣һˮɳߵľ£Ŷľֽ϶һ£һµģȫͿ
ľһͼֽ̧ͷӦһոĶһĵطݡ
⼸ദʵҲܹܽ󺣻ˣǿ϶Ҳǰİɣ͵¶Ժ϶ҲԼĿԣľ⼸ĸΣһֱܺá
Ҳ԰ɡľһǩһͽ
ãͽһҧĹ֭ζӿȴֲۣȴҪϰ򱶡
ʤгþͿ棬ЩζЩԼһִŮվڱ˵ģֻǰĻЩۣգҡҡͷװʲôҲûӻ˷ȥ
ľɸŶľڹ˾ƵĹľɶԶľܿأЩƹܷĵĽ
ȥᣬҪⲻͨĵطԵһľɶԶľ˵֮һļо˳ȥ
ľһߣľ;ð칫˵ζģ˵ľڵʱҲ˵æģżĽ̸֮⣬Ǽ̸ġ
æһ֮󣬷ϵֻͻȻ˵һ
ľͣ±ȥֻһİ뷢Ķš
дţľСӹ˾һ£һҪϡ
ľüͷСдɻ󣬶ţŰɣﻹЩģתһ룬п˭ʲôҪĶҪתأ
ͼֽʰһ£ͳȥˡ
ǸŵҲûиĵַԶľֻó˾Ǹˡ
Щľ߳˾ӭʹһ磬ĺ󲱾Ծľս·ľҿţ֪ŵǸ
Ƭ̹򣬻ûȵǸˣľ룬ǲǸ˲֪ڹ˾ſڵȰǶľ˼˾Ǹȵȴ
Ǹ뷢һŹȥҹ˾ǸȹſڣҰɡ
ľе˺һûпˣľ˫ֻĦҪҵһů⣬̲ס︹̸ŵǸ˲ã˵ҪģǵôȴһӰû
Ǹ˸ֻǿһԵЦǷˣ
ҲգˣҪʲôҪĶĻǸˣҲȵʱ
ľҪ뿪ʱͻȻ͸еһʹ⣬ԴЩεˡ
ľ󺣺ðסڱ˼ﲻ̫ãҶľһ˶ʮŮĺ㣬ԴˣǶԶľұʾܸлԣ˵ʤ˵ҪڶľҺúϢҲûţܼ飬ɨһһ·ˡ
ȻʤжǣǻǾùⲻȥʤмǣҲˡ
๤ʱͻȻһϢóȥһû뵽һݾͰסˡ
žһļëӴлȥһ졣
߹ʣôˣôһܵŵı飿
㡭㡭ʧ˰㣬ðҲ˵Ȼ
ǸӣһɲõĸоȻߴٵ˵ʲôǿ˵ˡ
Ż㿴ֻ˹ȥ
ݴžǶľˣϢʱһû
ôôͻȻͱ˸أ᲻ΣգҪҪǻǹһһ³ü
ʱָŷһϢ
ϽȻŶľ͵͵طӵԽԶԽãöľҵҲǡ


258Ҳǵ

󺣺ŵһĲԣŵҪǣ֪ڵľ״ҪǰѶľߡ
󺣲ֻ֪ǸΪʲôҪǣЩִٵ˵Ǹô
ȻҲǸһģ⼸ദǿԿľҵ˶ܺãҶǻжľܺãʤиǰѶľ裬Ŷľ뿪ĻǵһӶ᲻ģ˵ľ˺ǣʱ򣬿ɾ͵òʧˡ
øôѯʽ󺣵
ʱһܴŶľԶ߸߷ɵĺûᣬǽȴûие֡
һǵ£һ飬ʵԾ񰡡
˼Сᣬҧҧʲôһ㣬ȻһûᣬҾ̫ԲľҵˣȻڱˣЩǲ˺ľģǻڸϽϢ߸ľҵˣǵ϶ᱣƽµġ
ͷԽ顣
ʱʤͻȻͳˣ󺣺վһɫЩӣ߹ȥʵôˣ
󺣰ֻ˵Ůʿˡ
ԣʤиеʮ־ʲô
ûʱô࣬ŮʿϽȥһɡæ˵۾Щ졣
ãȱ𼱣ھʹ绰ðɻаȥҡȻ˵ѾҪˣʤлǱһģ绰ľɻжľ١
ľľܵϢϼŭ⣬ĹͿʼֵ
һ¹˾ְԱ˵ľӹ˾ȥ֮ûٻˡ
ľֵһ¹˾ļأԴӼ￴ľһֱվڶĿȹţͻȻһһļȻľͱǸ˴һľĳƺţĬĬ
ųƺţľɷյصǶһϹͶľͣľȥ
磬˵Ҳûʲô˰Ϊʲô˸ȥһһİܰľٷ޷޲ƽ˵š
ľỵ̂ûһֱߣĿǰﶼŶľǷȫ
˶ϹľɺͶľ³һǸϹľɾŵһƾɡõζܶܿտ֪ľ
ÿһᷢһϸСǲߵ̫󲽣¾ŵ˰ˣǲöľİȫģԣ¶ҪСһ㡣
߽һ䣬洫Ů˵ĺľһǶľģһ˵Щİ
ľĺ˷Ľкţľܲζ
߽һ㣬ſľ߻һŮˣľһҲӰţ˵Ǹ˰ˣ
ľһ︹˻ǰơ
ٿľߵǸŮ˵ʱͻȻһϤϯ֪Ϊʲôľɿʱ;һϤУƺ˺ܾãҲû𵽵
һľɻжľ٣ֹͣ˽к֮ǰľľÿ˵ƬľɺͶľٵƬȻҲˣʱô˧ĸ磬һŵ裬һľٻжľɣǾǱƬϻҪӺÿ
磡磡ҵ𣿡곯ŶľٺͶľɴš
ľɼĶǽи磬һɣתͷȥȴûˣѵڽ𣿵ͲʶŮ˰
˭ľüͷʵ
ҽ꣬ޣӦòնľǵð㿴ңûоҺǳĺ񣿡ſĹâϣľǿ԰ضľȥ
ԣ˶һ꣬üۼ䣬ȷЩơ
ϳƵ˿ץһѣѵÿ˶ã
ǣǵĸо֣ȻİȴֱϤС
ǻǲŵӣƵ棬ӺĿ֮ǰľҵĳ֤˳˵ǻŵĻͿݳ֤ɣֺдҺͬͬĸˣҲǵð˵棬꼸ý˻ˡ
ľһĬĬ꣬˵ĸоܸоҪʧȥʲôˡ


259ֻѡһ

ֻ֮ѡһ
ѡ̫ѣľɵȻܷľǸԳõŮҲܲȣȻڻҿ϶ǸŮԼãҪһأ
Ϊ⣬ǿ϶һӵġ
ڶľԥʱͽַˣʵ޵ġ
ľɳľٿȥֶľҲ͵͵ĳŶľʹ˸ɫֵһʮĬľ̾˸˼ȥǸŮ
ľٶԼĸǾĵģûǲһԼõЦġ
Ҫꡣ
ľټװ˵˵ͳ˹ȥ
ЦһԼøҪ˵Ͱ곯ľٵĻ˹ȥ
ǽĿģöľɶѡһѡһһȻΪеĻ䡣
˵ʱʱ죬˽ľٻʱľɳŴͽĿյ׼һȭץŶľǸͽ۾ϣͽʹһʶɿ֣ľϰѶľصԼߡ
ǣˣ
ǸĴͽʹѵ۾ĳľɵ˺
Цٷ˾Ȼ˼̸̸ȨľɳŶľʹ˸ɫľóֻˣҪץסʸʲôҪץľ
˼ͷԣһ۱һ̵ˡ
ľҪȥ׷ľֹˣմ¦ѣץסҲʲȻľֻգǱЩˡ
û°ɣ
ľ¼Ŷľ뿴ûˡ
ľҡҡͷû¡
û¾ͺãǻȥɡľŶľҪϳ
磬ҡҸһȥɡ
ʱͻȻڵľ͵⸽ʧˣȻһͻĸǣŸȥˣ˸ŶľǻȥҲ޴ɴ
ľɿһֻۣͬ⣬ҲķԼõŮܣֱŮǵá
һһص˶ľңʤмʱĸŮԣĿⶨЩƲۡ
ǰĸҶһοװôļң춼ϲ£ˣļԺͿסôߵĵطˡ
裬꣬˵ǼҶʧá
ľûʲôʾľڵ
ʤеɫǰ˰ףּһס´ԽԽϲ
ŷӦľ£Ҫѳ֤ľҵ˿ʤУŮ˾Լĸ˰ɡ
֤óʤп裬ҵĳ֤ҲŮѽ
ʤָŽӹĳ֤ӯʮˣΪҲҵŮôĳԼǰôܲġ
һѱס꣬˵ͺãͺãôˣˡ
裬Ҳ
Ҳʱ˵
ʵڸľҵţĵľԺסӴ·ˣʲôĶ˵ԵöôҪ
ҲףԼܰĿıֵ̫ԣ˻᲻ϲġ
ʤп˿ֿ꣬˶ľĸЦŸпǸϲӣͥžۣһҪúףһ²С
һһҵͶľ˿ԸӶȥЩóԵģϴҪһԷ
ŵȴĿյʤʳʶ̣¶Щ궼ôġ
ʮִܻԼƣԼЩ˵ܵõʤиͬ
ȻʤĽʮۣ˵Բ㣬ûչ˺㣬ȻѾˣԺһúòġ
ľɺͶľֻһԿֻ¼ò̫ðӡ
ֻƾһų֤ѣΪľҵŮ
ľֻ̬ȣΪ˲ʹĸײˣǻʵһµġ
ܿ췹˾ˣһһ
һԼδɽ亣ζ̲ס̿ˮⱲӶûԵôóԵģǰпڷԾͲˡ
»ЦǾסԼ
Եˡ
ʤнˣͣͶľŲˡ
͵͵Ŀľ뵽ŮȻڶľҴλùôĸЩ⡣
ľҲע⵽꿴ʱĿĲƣͻȻͲһΣС


260

ݣľûʲô̫ĸоͻȻôãûĸ֪˸֮⣬ʲô鶼ûС
ǸϽˣҲܹƾų֤ԼãҪ֪֤Ҳǿαġ
ԬȥһŮӡ
ԬѾ֪ľҵŮˣɻĿŶľɣʵǲŮ𣿡
Ҳǣ˭ʮȥˣͻȻһðˣ˭϶ܻŰɡ
ȻŮеʤг⡣
ľɫƵĳԬһۣôô໰úð²ˡ
Ԭľһ﷢ţæ˵ãȥȥ졣
˵ȥľȥˡ
صľ֮ʤΪ˲ôŮĿǷʲôõģķ䣬˲ٵĺöƻֻԣ·ȵȣֻҪʤܹ뵽ģꡣ
һʼ껹ЩûйǮ˵ֻڵϿôݳ޵ԼȻҲɻϾǻ룬䵽ԼͷʱֱȵݵЩҪõöࡣ
ÿǿʲôģʤлһÿҪʲôԼǽǰԼҪĶȫ˻
֮һ仰ڵǣǳܡ
ܿԬͰ˸׵ףڵĸСѧУ޾ϸĶ㱨˶ľ
ľûʲô꣬ʲôҲûС
Ԭò׼ľʲô˼ҲҶ໰Ӧġ
֪ˣȥɡ
ľ˵꣬㾶ߵشǰȼһ֧
ô˵ĻŮãѾʧôˣû̫ģΪǸʱСʲôǵá
ĸһ׮ԸԺҲźˣܵ˵һ¡
ľҡ
ʤжٰ谮򸾶ԶľҲܺãȻûʤôǮǻԼķʽԶľİ
ЩСϸϾͿֳǷ򸾶˻ˮõˮøľԣʱʱûʲôҪȻûʲôǮֻҪͻᾡľ
ľȻһԸĸûʲô飬ΪͲĶľ˵ҲȻĸԷ޶ĺãҲʼԴǵ̬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ʮֿ߶ľΪǶľʮĺӣȻûжľĴڣҲȻǸĸסƾɲķһܿ࣬ͻҪҳһ·ǲܺùһ
Ҳ⣬ʮּʶľˣʤҲʹǰһԶľãкöʱܲҲҲľ׼һݣöľܲ
ֲھ͸ľԣϾյҲãܶණϤټʤлŶľԼ̫ʤеᡣ
ǣȻҶԶľôȴǿ۸һ򸾵ġ
ľϴЩӶˣʤзģס˶ľԺ󣬱ʮֲ˼ҼҲˣҲûʲôñģϴ·£˵ʲôϽӶȥҪԼϴԼ·
һʼʤлȰ䣬򸾷ǳ֣ԸǮȥⷿסʤҲֻȥˡ
꿴ɹϴ·Щ·Ѿܳ¾ˣЩطŲȴ᲻ӡ
ǵĺסǼҼ˸ˡ
һ죬վȥۼ䣬ǵ·ǺƾɣÿҲúܸɾ͵ƾʲôڿǡ
˵ˣǰĻǸһҪż֪ԼǶľҵŮôõ
󺣵ӣ˵͸ˣô㻹ڿסǼңŮ
ϽסɷЦ˵С˵ǣǼҲн죬ҲǺܸмġ
Ƚʶ࣬Ĵˡ
ߣ˵Ҳ̫ˡ󺣲˵ʤжû˵ǰ䣬꾹ȻĴεǵ鷳
ˣЩС£һ̰ɣΪ
Ҳε˵סѾܲ˼ˣٸ˼鷳


261 ֲ

ڶľҴһʱ֮ҲԽԽ·˺ܶһ
ϣӷһ¥Ϳ󺣺ڿɳϣʱ
ֻˣ곯󺣺˹ȥƳһۣԶ㣬˭ˣǰɳŪˣ˻ô
εıĺЩŭ󺣡
վڲ֮ǰݻأ
һ뵽ԼŮڶľҴţԼҲӼ£Ҫ˵˳ֻŮ鷳ǿס
ҲԵĽЩ㰲ֻ֣˵:ǻݰɡ
ε̾һվûٿһ꣬ĬĬص䡣
ԼһϼһʶǵġݡЩ⣬סһͻȻ¥ϴһŲ
ţʤе˹:꣬ôô磿ǲǶˣ
ʤйĵϽϵı飬˽󺣺ת˳ؿʤС
裬Ҳ˯ò̫áµ˵š
⻰ʤжʤбһΪ̫ӦĻʱ
Ϊʱûп˺úӣҪȻҲᱻ˱ߡŮС⣬һ˲ٿࡣ
ʤп첽¥ߣסļھε˵:꣬ЩԿˣһúչġѾ¶˾ģһҪúֲŮ
ԣȻʮָˣ˵Ҫֲ˼ֻãǸðƻľɲľǧСͬĴ
ЩҲ֪Լֱ˵ϾҪʤǰ̶µСء
󺣺ڷſĬĬĸŮ˵ġܰһĻʲôҲû˵ֻ̾̾˷䡣
ʱ䣬Ϊһ꣬ʤӶضľҳ
ҹĻ٣ľصˣûдȥ׼һԿĺϷ
ʤ䣬֪ľʲô飿;˼鲻Խ
Ȼ鲢ûչԤϵıۡʤвûжԶľǺһܵߵľ߹:칤಻ࣿ
ľЦŻӦ:裬һ㲻Ӧ÷𣿡
ⷬܰĳһҧ顣
ôʤв˵˻ᲹԼ
ػص䣬žһţľһ
ûã־вʣ߷ߵشӷȥʤС
裬°ӣʲôİʤУֶһ͵ı飬״ʵ
ʤеȻûж룬̾˵:ʦרƵġ
˵꣬ʲôһ:Ĺ˾ʦġЦ˵ţԼûвԺ
ۡ긽Ÿ̾һ䣬
ô˵ȴһ¡Ĵ磬ָľɣľɵĹ˾к֪ܶľݡ
ôðƻ涥ҫأҲȥľɵĹ˾Уܰ⵹ľһɡ
۲תͷ˼һ˲ֹĽظ̾:ҪҲôͺˣ
˶٣Сؿʤ:裬ܲҲȥĹ˾Ҳ뵱ķϲҲˡ
ʤһۣﻹвӦĵ
Ȼû⡣ʤ룬ҪȥԼȥ˵ϣһŮܺͼ˸ùϵ
ľĮһʱЩջͬˡ
ȶľɻʱ̾ʹ˹ȥ:磬еæ
ʲô£ľ˵Ŀⶼûͣ
ȥĹ˾˵
ľ붼û;ܾ:У˾ûʺְλ
һûκθ飬ʹ֪Į̬Ҳκɶ
ʱЩŭû뵽˾Ȼһ涼˼Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģܷ
硭ҧŴ󣬿ζľɸɴ಻
Ĺ۲ʤпȥ˲Ź:ľɣʹӦ꣬ȥ㹫˾ôˣ
˵ˣûʺְλľȻ
ʹԼĸףľҲȻûз


262»е

˿ľɵֿ˿ίı飬ʤжʱŮ
ôûкʵְλˣ㹫˾ôְλһʤεİɣʤΪԼŮ򱧲ƽ
˾ˡľɸɴѻ˵ףѧĿǰȷʵûĹ
⻰ڱ죬ѧȷʵ̫õó֣ǰĳɼҲƽƽ档ڶľ˲żüõĹ˾ȷʵϲ̨档
ʤҲһ㣬ԼĶЭ:ѧ꿴žʹ϶ѧᡣ˾ɣȸһĹ
סʤеĺ˵˵ľüͷӦˡ
ã˾˰ɣľЩΣְĿһֱӵϣ˵ǰͷУ˹˾Ҳֻܴ֣ʱġ
ֻҪܽ˾ԼʲôܴӦҪѣʲôܲˣοҲǴȥġ
æͷİɣ磬һúùġ
УҪǳֲϸĵط˾㿪ţʱбĿܡֲһ䣬ľɱֱ뿪
ʤæο:˵Цأãôչġ
͵ʱ򣬶ľҲŵˣһһʤи˵:ȥҲҪȥ˾ϰࡣ
ԣľͶľٶЩ죬˺ͶľͬĹǣǾǶܲʤι
ȻľɶͬˣҲûʲôľЦЦ:꣬ӭһ
ҲһЦݣȴ룬ľĺӾҪͷˡ
ڶһ磬ʤбöľɴһȥ˹˾
ܲýϴһİŮ˾ǧ겻Ĵ¡ǼŶľ߽˾ûһô롣
ɢ̫죬硣ûӣϢʹ˹˾¡֮ľֱİ칫¸ȫԷӷ
ʱȫ˾¶۴˵Ĺϵȥʶľľֻ˵
ﲢû˵ҪݣԿڡ
̽Ϣʲôûʳ˸ûȤֶɢˡ
ڶľΪʲôôǵġ칫ָպãһҲ࣬ûʲôֻøвˡ
ֱÿȥûбô˾ҲδҪúù
ΪܲãûԱݣָһλ֮󣬶ľɱԼİ칫档
ľԼ껹ΪԼ˼̺漴־ЩԾ
ôľɶҽ̨칫ԶûУ
˲⣬ʮֲƽ⡣
ðƻƲȴֻʣ
ֽ޲öľǰٽ˽ѵһ
է˶ʮֺ棬ֻܲûнܣҲûиŹһʱĵϸ˭ҲóȻǰк
䣬вʣȴҲ֪ܹԴС
ֻڰ칫ҲԲöľùҪһˣɲֻеַ
ݵʱ򣬻̲ס칫ң뿴Ǻηʥ
һŮ˱ѡΪȥӴ꣬굹û˿󷽷ؽԼ:꣬ԺָŮҲæͨ
ûʲôӣҲܡװģһףҲܻ˵һ˴һƬ
̲ס:꣬ðһ䣬ܲʲôϵ
΢΢һЦȴˡ
ûֱӻش𣬶Ƿһ:һ·ǳһ´ҡϲԼĺӷԼֻ񲻽ôˣӵ𴦡
ӵСò׳ˣصԼļңȴԼѱ˵ĺӵһˣʱ򣬱ӵСôأ
ۺ˵꣬˵:˼ȥţôһ˵ʲô
뿪λ¼ԭ˵ʲôѵʲô
ԶһҲĻһֲڶҲݸе棬Ź̽̽û뵽ⷬ
ֱĻһʲô塣ľɴˣһһͨˡ
ӵСò׳ˣصԼļңȴԼѱ˵ĺӵһˡ


263Ŀ

·ĥλüͷʶľɵİ칫ҵķ򣬺Ȼáľ
һ˲䣬éٿԼ˼·һ󵨵Ĳ²ԼԺγɡ
ӵСӦָձ꣬Ҳ˵ݡ
ӦǶľҵˣôڶľܹģֻһˣҲǶľ
ľȻǸðƻʵǧС㣡
ͨһУ²Զľû뵽ľ첻һģȻҲǸ֦ͷ˵ȸˡ
Ͷľ죬ǺĪϵȴܺáĪľȻҲԶľϲ
ҪĪ֪£϶ܸˡ֮ǰҲΪʲô
³Цһ£뿪칫ҡ
Ƕ˵𣬽ܲð칫һŮˣصԼĲţ±ͬ۵
ͬǶ԰ԣ˵
Ȼ֪ˣ˵꣬ûͦƯģûӣԱҲѾ˾
ʵҸղһر𾪵İԡͻȻѹʾͬΧ
˶鲻ԽסڴµĴԡһ˿⣬˵:˵ǶľҵǧĶľʵǸðƻ
˽һ漴˵:пܰ겻ݵĻܲôԴϰࡣ
ҷ׷׵ͷˣȻ˵ءһ䣬˵ܣȲҪˡ
ȻˬشӦֻ˵˵Ļأ֪û˻سŵĿġ
ǲ鳤ÿ춼Ҫ˴򽻵Ҳ編Ƶذ͸¶ˡ
ԾһʮʮٵشˣοĴϢظѸ٣ֱըԵż֮ھʹ˹˾˵Ķ
ȻҲĴţһ⡣֪һ˼Ҫľô㡣
ľȥ棬Ҳû˸ҰѰԷˣҲ̶֪һݵʱ乫˾﷢ʲô
꣬ʵûзϡûˣطأ
ɵǣջع˾˹İԡ
һֱ۰Եųءľս䣬˳ϴ̨ǰ̸
˵ûУʵݡһŮ˷ǳ˵
Ȼ˵ˣְôܴһŮ˻ش𣬡Ҫ˵ĶģðƻҲ̫Ƥ˰ɣˣڹ˾ŲߣҾͲ֪£
ҪңҲԸߡ֦ͷˣ˭Ըȥȸ
˵꣬˼Ц
˵ĻľһǸղᵽʵݣѵ˰Ϣ͸¶ȥˣǿеðƻָӦþԼˡ
ľ̴ӸߵŮԣЦʵ:Ǹո˵ʲô£
˼ȴһһѸٽӲ
ɰľһ˽Ͱ͵شк
һȴ˸ۣʲôͲҪ±˵һðƻˣװʲôװ˵űһˡ
¶ľף˰ݶ͸¶ȥˡҿͷȫ˾֪ĶľС¡
˭˵ȥģľüͷ
֪µĹ˾ﲻĸˣľɺͶľٲ˵ôֻ͸¶ȥġ
뵽ľ겢Ͽȥô򵥡Ҫꡣ
˾˶ӣ̸ĺõطֻܻؼ˵ˡ
Ϊ£ľо˿ԼĿⶼдӣһ綼ûԼ˵ĲɣֻŸϿ
ڵȵ°࣬صľ̽ס꣬꣬⵽ҷм㡣
Ҳܲµ˵ʲôû˿ԥʹӦˣŲ¶ľ
꣬칫˾ﴫϢǲ͸¶ȥģľЦ⣬żɽ
û뵽ûʲôϢҲûʸڷϣǴ󷽷س:û͸¶ġȫ˾˶֪ǼǧҲӦĶľ
°ͣưעŶľ
߸ϵ֮ǰ˵ĸоֱˡľأԸ
㵽ΪʲôҪôľʡ
Цһ⻹㣬ռҵλãұӦõܵһС
ϣ㣬Զ뿪һһ٣͸һ˿


264¹ܹɣ

ǰٲȻһӸƵ꣬ľͬζӳһ㡣
ԴصľңɾûʲôȻľǿģϾʮǰԼݣҲ˱ȸ˵ҲżӦ
û뵽ֵϣȻڹ˾ľСļݹ֮ڣ˶۷׷ףⲻǹȻ
οƺѾڶڮ٣ͱ˵ҪԼ뿪ľҡ
뵽ľսȭͷ
߰ͷһм飬ԼǶľҵƴС㣬ľǸðƻˡԼͷίʮ꣬һ˼ŴֻۻľƾʲôԭһС
ȻԼˣԼصľˣôӦģľҲӦùңصԭͥһó
ΪľԼڶľЩ꣬ŸʹԶľӵĳޡǿԵĻ޲ɱ˶ľܽͷĺ⡣
ȰðƻľҵĺãʡԼѿۿŶľþò϶ǶľǸ߸ϣų˺ݻڳһһҪľľҵ
ܡãľ۾ն˵֣ҲȷĻؾꡣ
뿪ľңǾԲܵģȻľΪ˶ľҵĽǮȨϾʮľνӽǮֻǶľҸ̫̫Ļ䡣ҸůöľҲ벻
Ҫ󣬻ľῼǣҪ뿪ľңľЭ
!!ҲǶľҵС㣬ƾʲôڶľҲ?֪ľԼЭһʱ䣬껨ʧɫȴǱʶɾöľûʸܾԼ
ľֻǵĿһ꣬ǲĵ°ܣƹꡣֻһܻԭضš
ľ!ð!ôõȻڶľң!һڵ!ݺݵĵһ۶ľ뿪ıӰ˻ߵĴ󺰳̶һЩ񶾵뷨
ľڻмѾʤлţҪԶľǲܵģƻԼڶľҼֻڽ󺣺¹ˡ
ڵ֪ΪʲôľܹôҪ󺣺ܲҪסľҵķϣľôٻء
ЦһصľҵҲ˲ǵĳ彭󺣷򸾵ķȥҪ޴ԼŮľңĲݡ
󺣣С㿪šһڼǰĹԹŮ˿һ˵ģɤƴȥĽ󺣷򸾵š
ʲô𣿡ŵǽ󺣣ۿģ󺣸ɶͷԣԼλС㡣
ڶľǰ׳԰סǶľҲ!Ͻֻ䵱ľҵĹȥҵϴˮ!ҪޣŽһ֮ͨµ¸߸Ьɳϵȴ򸾵ź
κݣΣֻýһǰһΪľϴˮźϴš
֣裬Ǹʲô֪ʲôʱѾ˿ĶľǰһУǾȣǷŭꡣ
Ǹģ㿴Ҹʲô?ֻ΢΢һЦ˫ţ¥
ԶԶԣǸġ¶ľ˳ͻ󺣺æ͡
Σľֻŭʤл͵͵ʤԼƼһУϾҲֻʤΪԼˡ
ľĿߺʤǾȲѣһֱӡǹ񾲵ģʵ޷ϵ
ǶľɴûжԼѣһ㣬ʤлǰеԼ
С꣬裬費ڵʱǲҽ鷳ˣʤ̽Եһ꣬ǸԸ޹ġ
裬ûУû۸̡֪ҸոջصܴҶûңû뵽ỳҡ
ʤԼµģ궼֪ǶľʤиˡȻĵ׶Զľ޵ûţһ޹ģ
ԲС꣬úӣ費Ӧûģ㡣ôһ˵ʤиǾΣæһѰ


265Ϊһ

ˣʤоҵ˶ľһ߰ľһ˵:ᡣ
仰ĶľﲻܣûбֳֻöʤУǿһЦĻش˵:š
ľҪڲڼңڶľƫƫҲʱȥˣڡ
ľƣȴҲûа취Ժ۸󺣺ˣ¶ֻȥˣô룬ﻹǺܡ
˼ȥ̲סȥɢɢģڽϵʱŬԼ£ŬԼĵ㡣
ʤ꣬ǳַǳġ֮ǵôߣ۸󺣣ˡ
ܽ󺣣ʲô飬궼øְ취ý󺣣飬鷳鷳һ鷳춼鷳
ʱ򻹽Լˮȵǰȥһ±ӣˮģͶֽȥص
ʵ֪ǲˮΪ鷳ǸٵһεˮˮȥӹֻӾ͵˵ϣˡ
ɳվǰ߹ײһȻƬ𣬶һɨȥɨ͵͵ɨɨͰɨѲ
ûа취ֻȥһҪӦ죬Ƭ͸֣5ӣӵƬ꣬վȥĨϵˮЩϢģ۸
˰ҼңæҲӦõĶ԰ɣЦ˵
ȥ۸Ϲ󺣣нȥԼԵġʱȴֻ40ӣҲܴ򳵣ֻԼ˫߹ȥǼҵԶ
һ·ܲǰܲĹУڲ֪Ǽҵ׼ȷλãˣղҵģ20ӣܵ˵Ǽҵˣ˵·涼ʪˣ϶Ǻˡ
һ·˻ȥܵһ뽭ʵܲˣߣߵ˼Ѷ꣬Ϊ·ĳʱ䣬ˣͰѽĳԵӽͰûһۡ
ûиһڴĻͽȥԼһϣ󺣰ϵʱײһ£еı˳ȫ˽󺣵ϣΪ̵ģѽ󺣵̳һճ
۸ˣǳˣֻ绰ԼԼĺõһȥˣߵһƵ
һ۾Ϳһֵİ׵ȹӣ׼ȥȹӣȥǮʱ򣬻ûߵһ˫ȹӣûȹӣ͸ȹӵŮģǸŮ
ǸȹӵļǮļ۸ˣǳĿǸŮĵȹӴߡ
ǾͰοο˾һȥԷˣһ߽һҸߵĲĲˣԷʱΪȹӵ飬ûθڡ
Ȱ:ҪˣؼҲǻ۸󺣺
ˣ۾һӿʼ룬һöľĸһҵġΪǸʱʤԲ۸Ǹء
ߺѽȥ¹ó䣬ҩʱʱʹࡣ
ĸҩһֱ۲ۣҡҡͷ˵:ۣʲôҪΪŮҲŲĻΪŮܵʲô˶ûйϵ
ͷҩϺãʱ鶼һ㶼ûʣ£￴ʲôûһͽ󺣲ŷģȥԵȥˡ
ľ֪ǰѾԼĸæĸ˻ȥ˼ңľͽɳȻ˵:Ѿǣ֣衣
󺣺ˣ۾ˣ͵˵:ľո˵ʲô.˵һ顣
ľ:˵Ѿǣ֣衣
֣󺣺һ:
ĵıŶľˡ
ľοԼĸʱ򿴼˽ϵˣǿ޺ˣľʽ:֣ϵô£:ԼС̵ġ
ľĻشˣΪľʽô̵ʱѾ֪ˣǲ˵滰ΪңҲʲʲô
ľ뵽췢£ûᷢܶ£ܲҵĸ綼ڣһˣûа취Ȱ˵뿪Ͳܵ۸ˣҲΪˡ


266¾ܾͺ

ְˣ͸ǻȥɣ𣿡
ľɳϣϿԼĸҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǱȺȵˮɣľӳˮ˵
˺𣿾͸ǻȥɣǽȥġ
ľͻȻٸнȥҲ֪ô˵
ԲԲԲ㡣ͻȻվ
ľ˿Լĸףһģ
ºȵˮľɳϡ
Ҳ֪޹ģɣȻȥ𣿡
˼ǲǻȥˣľĻе˵
ǲǣһô¶ҪúûһԼľʼҽڣϣ԰¶ϵ顣
ˣ˵ĶԣӦøһܵʱ䡣קק󺣵ڣʧ
ľ˵Ǽٵģûκΰ취ԥԥ˵˾뿪ǣҪһ¡
úӣְǻ˼ʱ䣬ֻΪ˸ĸڶŮ˼㻹Ŷľ˵
ǰְµǮǷ̫ˣҲ֪ôǮҲţǰְһ⡣ӿڴóһп˵
öľζˣУ˰뱲ӵǮôܸأûТҵĲԡ
Ƕһˣ˵ЩⰡš
ľѿַŵĿڴ˻ȥй밡ԼԼģҲԽԽˣʲôǮĵطһԺʲô¶ҪǲҲþȼǮǸңҲæŵġ
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˣͽ󺣶һ˵ǺðɣֻҪһҪ̸ǰҺְֶԸ⾡ĸΡ
İɣֻҪ˾뿪ϵϣʲôҪ͸ҺˣÿҸġ
ˡĿŶľ˵
Լĸһɳϣͷ컨ͻȻ֪ô졣
һ¥¿ľͨĵ绰
Űɫȹӣһų۵¿īڿꡣ
ľ߽֡
͡
ӭ߹һʮֿΣҺòİѲ˵ݸľ˵С㣬Ҫʲô
Ʒ𣿾ȽϻƷ
꿴ԼĶľֱԽԽ
ҪɣȥǡľŷĵͷѲ˵
㵽ʲô¾͸Ͻ˵֪ûʱ㣿ʮֲ˵
ľ̬ȣǿԺúģ֮ʲôġ
֮ʲôĵģ㶥Ǽô꣬ҸǷʲô˿ڷԼǰĿȣǳʵ
Ϊľû뵽ڶͻȻЦΪǲǿԺƽദǰӰԭ¶£˴˶ƽôࡣ
ľҷǺ۸۸һرЦʱ˿̵Ķľǰ·һЦһЦ
û˵ֻǵȻһЦ˲仺ԼΣѧƷʵĹϵɣľŲ¶ĸ̿ɰ⡣
һͬ𣿡
ľȻ֪ϣ󣬵žһԣûŻش⣬ҪˣϾѡȨ
ͲöľϿ뿪ϽʧôҵĴӦνأ
ȻܣǲӦҪģϾһҲ뿴㣬ʧ뿪˵һ¶
ֱöľЩ֪˵Щʲô˿˺ʹϢĳⲻҪڸһɣ
۶ľô˵ʼնǲãҪ󣬾ҲӦġ
ãҾȻȥˡľ֪Լ޷ı뷨ԸɴҲûʲô˵ˣԼʣµС뱭ȱ뿪ˡ
ڽϵĶľͻȻоЩģһ绰˼
λ
ǶľСɣǹ顣
ֲɵöľͷһæشǵģʲô¶𣿡
ϲΪϯʦ
ʲôϯʦöľ޷ţôͳΪˣ
ǵģ֮ǰͶƷͨǵˡ


267

ټľڵϣɢżƸ塣Ҳûƽʱĸ屻紵ϡֻţͷֵıв֪Щʲô
ԺһĻĻƽʱİٰ䳰ȷȻõԼôõϯʦԱϣ³ޡ
뿪ɡﱾͲҡļ̌ͷšûж񣬶ԼҲܹˡ
ֻôҲôãһϤȻҪ뿪⻹ǻ᲻ᡣ
áľվһһŰƸźáҪߵĶɶľȴʱˡľ˵ӿͷ
˶ľ¥Ǹæšײľɡ
ôˣûκα顣ֻɻšľԼǹѹȥȻ:ҡ˵˵
ľЩ֡Ҳûʲô
ǽȥ˵ɡľͷľҲ顣
Զ
һֱ㶼ôϲðɣľԼ֮ǰеĹǶˡ̹̹뿪ʳʱǽˡϣľЩһı顣
ֻ̧ͷ۴:տʼЩӦôƬֺ޸Ļش𡣶ľ֪Լ룬ԳЦЦ
˵:ҲɶľҶôõչˡֻǡҪһˣ롣ľһ͡ɺܿ죬ȶľͽĵ׵įѹȥ
ᡣʹԼҪ˵ϢҲ޶𣿶ľţ۾Ծ˶ľɵġĿԣľƿĿ⡣
ľ˵ԼЩʲôԶľȷʵûио˵įô¡
ʲôҪʵûҾȻطˡľɳᣬüͷšľҡҡͷľɼ״ȵȡûӣľͽס
֪ҲǶľҵŮǾǲϲҲǿġֻǡҲллһֱҵĹա
ľɱһһԲ˳ȥ
ľڿԼСų׽Լʧֳţڴϡ
ͷԼλûı䡭ʵԼԣʲôرˡҲǡˣٱŮôһľҺ޹˷ĳλأ
ľͨˣʵҲδáߵøɴһ㣬˭á겻Ҳһֱϣ
һ䡣
ľɷ׽ϴԡ䡣
վڻ£ˮͷһֱŵס·ֻһ㡣ӦһеġЩʱﻹįС
ǲ
˸˼˯һȵľ
ڶһ磬ľ¥緹ȴʤЦ춼ϲ£ˡﻹ·ϱȻš
ľ߹ȥôôѽʤпЦŨȥЦ˵:áҿļ·ʺҵġҿҪȥֵģѡ˺þöѡһ
һ֣ľ͵롣ɻЦ˿ɳϵļ·һɫ:ɡǳ̫ġе΢磬贩Ӧûܺÿʤȥ·
˵緹ҲùˡȸʤдкȵĲСǺ;ֱľ΢ԶһλãûһۡǶľҲϰˡ
СҪҪһȥʤЦеʡľоĿɨ˹ҲҪûƸ壬ֻϧЦЦ:ˣһҪƸ塣
Ŀ뿪ʤûʲô:ҲԣСڿϯʦˡҲһˣæľû˵һԵ꿪:Ǿúڼ£ôõĴǧˣȥЩ˰ɣ
ûһƽʱԡʤҲֻԶľĽԻο˵:Ͳʹúù䡭ʲô;򣡡
Цʤе־ͳšľֻԽѹֻ֡ûصרơ
ľˣ¥һˣľķҲţӶ֪ʤгȥȥˡ
ǴСأһ߳˾ԱŹܼҡ
С緹¥ˡ
˸СȥˡľЩɻɫֲܼ䵽
ľϲ˵Ҳ֪ջ϶Զľ١ܡľҲ뵽ЩŸ˵ЩİɡľɺȻķ


268벹

ҲǵһθʤȥôߵȦĵ̻϶ǹ˿ġСһζ֪ӻǸԪġ
ЩòĶ䵽棬껹ʤȥϷЩط˼ġһʱ䣬ʤз·ĴţδϷĿС
ȥ޻ǰͶһϷȥ:ŶҼ޿أǵһʮץأһ˵һػζݸ˿λá
ʤһضšһ룬צȥȵץסһۺɫޡȻȵƵڣ޸ŵ
ѽץ˵ˣʤпɱ:һûأЦöϲ£ˡŽޡӵϷòֺ
꽫ģϡʤеһģĻȻѾֵޢŮɷ̴˺һĿ⡣˶ʤѧƽʱϷ
ĬȻ˵һҪ֪һϷһءվһԵ޲Ϊǻ
ѽһûֻأû뵽һλôõĳɼʤ֮͸¶ϲáҲſ:һεӰոôáһֺã۰
ִʤȥˮϲľֹʻļţӵŲ֪ٵʲÿĲ׶ǳʦĴġʤСԣ沨ٵĵذ壬δġ
һʱ䣬ʤбɫСĿ⡣Թôֲû뵽ôɫˮϲҲҪҪ˵ĸáҵǾýСáʤ۰ꡣ
ֲĸ߼ôȲһССʤֻǾãȱϯôʱ⣬ֻúӡһġףҪľõġ
û˵ֻЦſʤС
ǳ극ȥȦȻŮĻǹ̳ ѽʲô趼򣡡ʤóõĲǸһҪġֻҪ꿴ϵģ˵һ·ˣһŵʤжԸ
ûĶһֱҪ·￴ˡʤϲҲļõԱѸոԵ·ȫˡ
ô࡭Ҳѽж࿪ˣɱҲֵܱ̫ʡȻܳò˵һ䡣
껹ûϰǧţԺϯԻϡЩ·ѾƽʱŴˣɲȥ·ءʤһ˵ţһ߷Ϣܼ·
˵ˣܰǮ
˵һ·ɾ͹ǰһµĹʵġΪʤô࡭һʱĵò֪˵ʲô
ߣٴȥѡԺǶľŵǧСˡϯԳϣҿҪúô硣
ô˵ţʵʤΡδ֪ǧʱˡǶ˵ǮĶ顣ʤвûб˶еĶĸ
ˢ˺ЩǶʦױֻġ˵Ƕһ޶ġ
ҴǰûйЩЩҶ롭ĺܺã괩һɫĹ¼߳ʤ˵šʤıճټ⾫µ۰ѡֻҪϲ趼ģ
궫󣬿ȥ˺ߡ˴źЬһɳ̲šʤпԶɫĺ棬:Сûߡ𣿡㷢뺣һĻôءôңһܳء
Ȼͣס:Ժ費ҪЩˡҺܰ㣬ܰܰ㡣
ʤƺˮЦˡظЦáԺ϶úõģҲ㡣
ʤȥ˺ܶûȥĵطЩ߶ʿȥĵطʤȴ෴ϲӵϷһϷССĲ˵ܺóԵ㡢ںЬɵɳ̲ϡԼһԭƽ˶ȥ顣Ҳ˽ʲôġ
ǰ껹Ҫ˸ʤһٷʤȻǸ˵ġϲԼŮķˡһЩĴĲ˸óԡ


269

˲ٲ˻ؼҡڿĶľÿǻ˵Ц߽˵ǼٵġҲ뾡谮ǧС㡣Щǧ𡪡ꡣ
ľЦŸǴкʤֻǿһ۱ָ˵ЦŽ˳
ľҲ¥:裬ôôˡȥ򲻾ͺˡʤдӳ̽ԴЦŻ:˵Ҫǳأպûζ
Դհ룬ŷӦʤ˵ġáѾڳϴ˵ˡţ˳ɳľţһ顣񿴵һĵطüľ۵һ˿ᣬ֮ʧ
ǰٽʤдʱڳϴˡѽǰûЩֻɣҶϰˡһİơʤȻܸһ˵ʱ򣬿Լ˽ȣֻЦЦû˵ʲôջǱг˳
ǰôҲǿԼһֺóգܰԼչ˵ôáЩҳСˣࡣϴˣвˣϡһʹ¹
ľû˵ʲôҲߵɳ¡֪ľǾÿ̫Ϊǹľûȶľȫ£ơ
ôһнˣľɱĮľͷû̧:ûУһλ̫Ҳ
ǻǰŸԵ£һֱһ˰Ѳ˶ˡ󺣺ҲӶ˽гԷ
ɲϺֻʤǿĵЦţҪôһᡭҪôһáľĸȴЩΡÿǰһ꣬ûС
ųζľҲֻ£ͻָ䵭ı顣ʲôû˵
ѽ˼æҶ˻н尢̵ķݡô˵ţҲûȥꡣֻʤ仰ǰ˵:ûû£˾ѾֻͲһǧɵġҲ̫꣬ʤһ˵Ҳ˶ľ
ľ˵仰ΪԼ͸ĸѣһ뷹Ƶǰľ:ҳ費ôȳ԰ɣ尢ȥʢ߽˳
һӵž滺Щ
ŶľɶΪľΣʶԼܻ˵:˼㣬ǽæҵġûľٵĵǸɻװЦ:ûϵҲˡ
ˡǳԡľ֪ѾǶľϵĴСˣ˵ЩһöûСԡҲֲ
һԵѹֲáԼˣԼĸҲҪô
ԽԽԼȥǰ취ǾԼ֮ǰڸѻ˵ɡǶľ¥òײԼȥԺ
뷹𡭡ҳ뱨ңһʱ䣬뵽ľȻЩľֻƽ͸̸̸ûƽ:ꡭĸ˵˵ġ
ʹľѾ̬Ⱥܺˣһﻹ̬
Һú˵ģΪʲô㵽ڻ뿪㻹ãܲãȫϡľŬѹԼĲ:
һ뿪ģģֻڡϣԺ󣬿ɲԸҺúദûжģ֪һжˡ
û뵽仰:֪һжҵǾͺã治ƾʲôҪҪ֪Ͳô鷢𣿡ľü:ûҪ˼һֱˡ
껹:СһֱҵλãľҲǧҵһУ
ۿԽԽľ졣ɲúõһ̸ɢ
ҾáǶӦ÷¶Ա˴˵Ĳ⡭ú˵һ˵ϣҽôľȴѾκλˣֻԼʹƢ:ϣ㾡뿪ÿһҶðۣ
ľɫջûа취ú˵껹ô
ƾʲôľ˵һ䣬ûӦͿ첽뿪Ժӡ͸ľʤԼİ죬ڿеʱղԼǰȫһ
һθоôѹ֡һҲ뷢ġµ񣬿Լǰ鶼ôҵװɡ


270޹ݺ

ڿտĿڿٷһŲӡڲΧмźɳһȺΧڲɳǶ٩٩̸ Ц̸ġһһ֮䣬ʱʱЦصš
ʤͻȻվĺ˵ǿرãҪǳȥɢɢģҸоô
˵仰ʱ˷׷׵⿴ȥȻġ̫б¥ϡڹڲʱзĺۼĹڵϿȥӲӵġȥվǸطϣкùůĸо
ԱһȽŮվָŴ˵ҿ鲻Ƕȥ߰ɡѵýãʱɹɹ̫õഺʱɲ˷Ŷ
ڼ˵Э£ǵ̸Цɹɹ̫ɢɢٽٽķչ
˷׷ȥǵƮͶľķ򣬶ľվڳӵϷ̸Ż
˶ţɱ˲ʱԶͨʲôˮеĿ£ˮС
˻ûзӦֻʮֵǱɫ·Ǻ͸ˮϵ·͸ˡԭɫ·Եס˿Ƿǡ
ˮվһ̣ϵÿһ缡ʾ쾡¡Ƿز洩ɫ¿ʪ͸˵İɫ·ճϡϸǰ޳Ĵչ¶ǵǰ
ǰһĻǡǡոջĶľٿſվŵĶľ٣һƴšϣһ˸ϽĳƴšˮеĶʮֵĻЦ治ӾĺѼӡƴץסʲôֶץס
ľٿˮƴţҪ뿪ˮеꡣʲôû˵ֱӽһصԱߡ
ֱˮأѸιȥˮϰԼոնڵϵװѸٰװ|ϡסҪλ
˺һĿͶǳ߷龰ʱĶľһɵɵķﻹŸոջҵһĻ
ľվԭСֹšҸûƵ͵ˮ棬ⲻҪݺŮ˵Ļ̫ˡ
վڶľٶԵԱ߲ͣţ㲻ϲҾˣΪʲôҪˮȥǴɨأôǰǱ
ľʱﲻܵԩҸûжԼȥģôҵͷأ
ۿԼĿûдﵽֵĸףУȻôܻȥⲻǴҹȥ𣿡
ľ˿ķΧŵˣôΪŹڵѩģŲԼè޺ӼٴȱĽɫҿöˡ
껹ٵת档ֻԱߵ˿˵ǰʤж谮ԻģһֱҡҲİˮȥϾô˫۾ţ㻹ôƱ硣
ľʱıֻǺˡǵһԵˡұû飬ֺαΪ˸еأֻܵһԹﾲվſı֡
վһԿϷʤ̲סˣֹǲëѽʲô¶ԼϳԼ㲻Լʲôġ
ʤзֹʤΪʲôƫƫľһԸ⿴ľ档ΪΪƫľһеĻ󡣡ұ׷ˮУⱾʵô˿ŵģҿô
վԵĶľҲ˵ҸջڣԶľͿˮСƵģôԼȥأѵԼ˲ɣҪˮ
ľǻشľٵĻ˵ûҪֲƵģûʲôϵ׻˵ۿһΪ档
ľľش⡣˲ðҧгݵ㵱ЩСƾŪģ鲻ֹһ˿ˡˣվĲֹһ㶼ǵɵ𣿡
仰ľиˡⲻ̵̲⣬ǶֵļƲ̫ͣǽôˣ²̨档ֲãϾЩҵͷֻúεؿ˵˵ǺҵĶҪŽˮֱ޴Ϊʵ㣬ԼҪĶ˭ߡߵĶ˵һ㶼ңֺαҪǿǿִأ
ʵ´߼ϳĺһ˵ĻͲᵱô˵ȥһˡϾⶼ˽£ҪΪʲôҪų̨ⲻ˿Ц
ƺľĽУ˶ûȥʾŵı顣ҲǲɱġľûзϣΪЩ˾ˡ
վԱߵĶľľ˵ĻĿڶԶľ˵㻹ǸԭһˣСӾˣ˼ˮ˵ǲҶš
ľ˵ľĸʹˣһֱվһԹۿϷĶľһԲվûбʾκ̬ȡ


271뿪ľ

ľվԱ߽Ͱ죬Ϊ˻Ľ͡;˵޹ֻĻ취뿪
ľڶԴ˵ǲҾˣҲûʲôý͵ģǿʲôʲôɡ
ʱ˵˵ʲô̬ȣú˶ԩˡû˻Ȱ㡣
ľܵˣԭԩζҲܡҲֻܹԼ̫棬ƽ̫ԡ²ƺǳԵͷˡ
ľ˿վĹۿߵһšطǴȥˣǾ뿪ȽϺãõȻܴ
ֻòֻͨŴ󺣺طʵڴȥˡ
һʱ
תϸĴһȦԶվԼϤӰһһŮվеͦΣȥȣòϿʮҵˣǶľĸ׽󺣣ŮϸСƤĺãȥǳŮˣǶľĸ
˫໥ŶԷ죬ľˣֱ߹ȥ˵¥ʰãҴ뿪
󺣺ľ˵˼ˡ֮ǰʵһֱϣľܸ뿪
ϣ¶ĵġҲûж˵ʲôǶûǾˬĴӦ
󺣳ڵȥʰɣ¥µ㣬ͣġ
ľƽһڹϱȽϸŮˣԴԼʮֲпᣬʲôʲô鶼á
ֻĹϵľָ֮о޲ھ룬ӵԽԶԽãȻѹĲУʲôһһµĴʹࡣ
ҵŶԡЦϣſȣεĺһڡ
ԭûйϵģֻԶľǳľݲŻˣ˼ˣֻ뿪
Ҫ˵ʵľΪһʦʮصĴڣڣζҪ뿪
ֻԼʰһЩƽõĶľصԼסڣŴ򿪣תͷĹӵȥдССĸ䣬ɫɫɫһɫ20ҵ䡣
˰ɫ24ңõ¹Աߣм˼Լϲļ·۵ã仹ûԷŶֿ˿ӵײЬӣ˫ͬ͵ķЬӷڡٿԼûҪ鼮ϲĶͨͨǷڡ
ڱŵ룬Žϣϵ˳ſȥ
ڹŵһɲǣתͷ˿䡣Ժвϳס﷢ķһĻĻижпģѹʧиָ
Ȼ᲻뿪¶׼ҪˡԲôİѶʰá
ſڡſڵǶˣ󺣺ſڵһȺ뿴ˡ
ʱʤпľܲʵȷѾ׼Ҫ뿪𣿡
ľҲܲᣬ˼ľش㲻ȰңѾ¶׼뿪ˡ
ʤٴοȰ뿪Ҫȥηʲô㡣
ľشĿǰûпǵ㲻õңҺһǻչҵģġ
ʤֿʵȻ㲻Ҫȥô´Ҫȥ㣬ӦȥأܵøҰɣ
ľشʤСԺԺ˵ɣڻûпǺãҿǺٸ㣡
ľвᣬվҪ뿪ġûвɢϯҪ뿪վ뿪û˭һ㣬Щ·עҪһߵġ
˽󺣺ͣĵطΪ򿪳ţ̧ľѸϳŹرաľ٣ʤУľɣۿųӻ뿪˵ߡ
ľɱľһǿľѾ˼ľ뿪һУʼձֳĬֻԶԶףøá
ڳϣʶľʲô㣬㲻ǣ֪ܵɣ
ľش𽭴󺣡Ŀǰһûãҿǿǡ
ڸʻλϵתͷŵĶľѯʵҪûʲôõķչǻȥɣûѣҲȽϺá
ľش˵ҲȥҪһطס˵ɡ
ڳʻСʱ֮ǵһУ˶׷ͬľ˵ⷿס£ԺĿǴ


272¶ľɵı

ľ˼СʱĳȻֱ˼Сʱҷӡҵһķӣס
ǽʰһ£סķӻʰɾڷ롣һˣɨɨеˣϵġľ׼ȥϴ裬ϵʹϴɾϣˬˬһ¡
һľϴˣϴһɫ˯ȹ˯ȹĳȲûס˫޳Ĵȡƫͷʪܵͷڼһˣ˫һëɫëصĲŷϵˮ顣
ճſڣܿŴ󺣺ڵӻǰźϺѡֱͽķ
ʱе쿴㶼ˡ
ľû˵ϽܵӻǰΪϯʦʱŷģû뵽ô졣
˵㿴⻭رպվλãϿ㣬ôôôÿء
ľЦ裬Ҳ˭ҿϯʦŶѵұ˳ò𣿡
Զľ㵱Ȼÿ㱾˱ϵĻÿ
Ա߳ĬһĽʶľҪʲôˣҾҲģôҲŵͷ
ĻصԼݹڵľﲻָꡣ
󺣶Զľ˵㻹٣⻹е㣬ʱͿԼ˾ˡ
εݺľȻеʧ䣬ܿľһǮǲôҪ飬ҪͶܴ󣬱ҪŬΪһ۾ͽſ£ͣġ
֮ûгǼ˵̫á㿪ʼæµѰ׬Ǯķ˽ƣֻҪ׬Ǯķһԡ
ڵ˷Ƶģûһͣ˳ʵУҲ׬ȡٵ죬ʱǮҲ˲١
ڶľƵ˽ɺҪæ°ؼҡ
Ķľѵò·ؼңĵطסôԶ߰Сʱʱ͵ˡ
ţһĨϤıӰӰȻǶľɡȻҲŶľˮصУǸպŵһ̡ǡÿˮеĳʹòʵġ
ľϲľⲻ˹ע֪Ƕľÿ°ؼҵıؾ֮·ţһ֡
ľľʵô
ľɶԶľ˵ѵֻΪʲô
ľﷸֹһΪ᲻ңңҲӦñĻ롣
ľľСֹʲôûֻÿʡ˵ʲô
ľЩ죬εûʲôֻǺô
ľضԶľ˵һȥ㲻Ҫȥ𣿡
ľߵǼͲģһжݺҵġ
ľҲĻŭˡôݺˣҳ֤ҿ
ľε˵Ҫ֤ݣҸﻹǽⲻǳΪ𣿡
ڵʱʱ֤ݣҲ¶뿪
ľɿľۣѵôϲ㣬ʱ̫ˡ
ľί㲻Ҳˣ㻹ǳ˵ԡ
ľʱ˿̵䵽ȵףǱ˲Ҳˡû뵽εҲң˲ʹǿ
ľ˳ϲҵı֣һɡ
ʱľɿڵϲ㣬ʲôҶҪǨ㣬ǶԾǶǴǴ
ľһ£ίⲢҵĴΪʲô˶ҪⶥñǿӵĿҵͷϡҲһܺߣѶ
ľܵػشľɣ뿴㣬ÿҪҪؼңҾ֮ûʲôͬĻ⡣
˵ľ߷ߵ뿪ˣЦţⱾһıҲǸܺߡǸЦȫ360ȴת䡣Զľɻһ˿˿ϲؼʱôϤӰʱﻹеĪĸˣΪοҵġæҲˣͼӴףⲻǴĵѿ
ʱԶľɵΪʧ䵽˼㣬ûпǣֱӾܾĺ⡣Ҳûľתͷߣֻʣ¶ľɶվԭذӰҹΪһ塣


273¼ͥ۲

ľ°ؼҺ󣬿ڿɳſֽתһȴڳæµıӰŽԿ׹ǽϣԼµЬһ˫ЬɳȥһڳʱѵһһԲ
ʱ˿˵ģǽ󺣺֮ǰһֱΪŮˣΪһʱ䡣û뵽ôŮͻصԼߡ
ǳŮܹպ⼸첻ϰ࣬ڼϢϣúõŮ֮ǰûߡ
ڳæµһ˶档
ںŴ󺣺Ͷľȥϴϴ֣ϽԷˡ
󺣺Ͷľͬǽϴּ䣬ϴ˳ڷǰľĸΪķ˶Եġ
ʱľʵ⼸ҿͦģһ˳ȥ棬ô
ľشҲһʱûгȥߣպҲż٣һ˳ȥ߰ɣ
ʵᵽҪȥߣƻ˺þõ顣¶ľ̫æۻˣȥ棬ɢɢġ
û뵽ôףʹӦˣΪҽ˵ȹʱˡ
2죬
һ̫ûһȥˣľͳȥһ͵ξ㡣㲻羰ýĻʷƾáξԴٽһ˵ĹϵξļҲǷǳĶ࣬˿ڱȽܼĳ档
Ȼ˿ܼӵľûǺܿģСĸһĴĺ١
ۿŶľúܿģ󺣾뵽֮ǰŮյ飬Ůһֱûͬ⡣쿴Ůôãһ¡֮ǰĳɸգڿǵô
ľԥһش֮ǰоͦ鷳ģôȥģҲû̫ʱ䣬Ƕûϰ࣬һȥָ˰ɣ
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Ůӡǵʲôɫˡ
ŮӿڳɫͦģϲʲôһݲǿԿʲô
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һԵĶľͷ⿴ȥ·æµӰ
ľ⿴һҲķЧʻͦߵģʮӣ˾ϵˡɫζȫĲɫ˶ľһҵʳ
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ľװĲˣɵøжڸܵ˼ҵůԴڸĸŮİô͡
ƽôᣬпԣŵûе


274Īӷɵ

Īӷɵ֪˽뿪Ϣȴϣý»ѡԼĸٴѯʽµ飬Ѿ֪뿪˹˾
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275¹ҫ

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Ȼ¶ˣͺúѧɣ ʤȻҲǲǰµ飬ΪԼŮ


276ȫ

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İɣһƴģҵ
ĵҪԼǵЩп¶Ҫһһ֤ʵԼǸŻ


278±ҿ϶

ֵһһοСʱˣȻΪϯʦҲ⣬ǶҪһ֮óԼ˵õƷ
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ҲҪ֤ʵԼƵģƾյ鹹Եģ
ҿһƣȻǻûģܾȱٵʲôԾ˵׺
½ǽȻرϸǴȴٿƣܾһ߼У
ĻȻҪˣ
ɫӾܺõЧȴǹȺϲⷽģΨ٣
¶ɫȻǺ˽⣬˾Ȼ˵ˣиİãȻʦҪƣǾͲ˵۹⣡
һʦⲻһְҵΪֺñˣҪûãã
ڱ˿ʦһ߼ְҵƵ·ǱȽϴģ˶ֻǾÿһ۾ͺãûҪϣ
ڽ¿һжǲһģԼϲƣһ㷽ǲ˵ˣӵԸоעصľǸо
漴ֻصԼƸ棡
ȴһȻ˺ܳʱ䣬ȴǺܿգڴҿһƿѾе㾪ˣ
»ǹǫģΪƸ壬˺ܳʱ䣬ȴԼġ
 ðѾƵĺܺˣǿŶرĺã
ҲʦǶͬ涼һżȽϵĻ᲻˭ƺã
¾ãԼԽȥԽ˼ñȾ˵ԼľһԴԴϵĻ
ǰλʦƵĹڻУȻէһǷǳ˹ĿǳƯģǣɫ̫ڵԼһЩ׺
ԸõĹ˵ļ㣡
ʦǲµģЩԷθĻ֮󣬴˿̾Ҳе˵ˣ
ÿһι˾һһεСʱ򣬶ụıȽϣȴûһ˵һ˵Լʵ뷨Ƶʱĸо
뷨Һͬ
һͬ˵ĻҲýµǿϯʦģΪƸҲǽµĸ
һ֮ҲǶԽķڷˣ˵˵ĻҲܸܵܵģ
󲿷ֵʦԽ±ȽŷĿй۵㣡
˽µμϱǸӵģҲ˳ϯʦλӣ
ǵദӵǢˣֻҪ֪ﲻ׵ģԼȻԵ棡
﹤Ҳ
´ʦ֮䲻ڵľʦˣһҪȫͶ룡
¿ģȻоʱһСѣҲˣ빫˾ļ壡


279

ƽĶۣĪĹΧ൱ˣٽʮϲĸоΧãȴҲÿط
£Ů˼̵صڰ칫ڣ㿴ͼ˵˲Ҫز˵˲׼ãƫҸɣʲô˼Ʋ𣿡
ͱ罭ǰŮˣ𣬾и֣ȴȫûһ˿⣬Ϊµ˾ҲͬΪʦ൱ʽµ츳½ϯʦĳƺţҲ޷ϵȷ˱Լ㡣
һ³ǽڹУǻᱻ̣ɣĿǡ˲õزġΪʦ˵ȷ޷ˡĴ󣬵ʵȴˡ
ڵĵطûκιΧԡ
һʼ˵ʵҪѡزģԭȻΪԼһ˳ԵʱزĵܲĴһʱ򣬾Ͳôˡ
ǣͽ鷳Ƹ彻ˣԭû˵ΪԼƲòŽȥģΪý֪Ѷˣ˵زõĵطģŽҲһݲزĵƸ塣
һŮܴҲԵõοˣû뵽ǣ¾ȻİǸز뵽ȥˣƵû൱
ôɣһ֮µѽ½е칫ȥӲ˽һ١
´𿪿ڵĵһ˲֪ԼΪʲôˣҲգˣԽǷֻԽԼ֪Ϊ档ҾǰԺҲġ𡱣̫˲Ըϱ˵ڵˣǶǡ𡱡
²ûǸ˼;ȥһЩˣģǾԼܵλ㹻ˣȻҲͿЩڵϡˡ
ȿȡ˿СʱĺˣŮ˲ˬĵ˽һ̧̧ۣ°ͣʾ⽭ȥˮŸʲôȥҪ˵𣡡
ķһİۣǰȵʹˣڱϾ˾ӵĸֲǲҲȥ
𿴼ĸԼµһˮıЩNɪʲôϯʦǵùԹվﰤǵø˲赹ˮһ뵽֮ǰ±Ƚȥָֻ˹Ž»˻֣Щͷ˵ûʲôˣϽȥ͵
Σֻ˳ȥ
һӰ칫ҳԼλϵʱڵһͬ¾ͺĳ£ǲǸ̫ˣ
̫ͬ˽¸ȡţ˵ţʵʹŵҲͬһ˶ѡ
ȻȷճԹ𣬵ͬȴ˵Ϊָտڣͻ᲻֪˭СȥˣʱһЩ´¡
ֻЦЦ˵ûУֻܹǽȥ˵һЩѡ
ͬ¿ʧһΪʲôء
ǸǸЦԺҪʲôȤ飬һһʱ㡣
ôһ˵ͬ±֮ǰĲˬ֮Ժˡְϵ鷳ôŵʱĪӷͻȻˡ
¡ЦЦԽ´к﹤ϰ𣿡
ʼӦˡµ˵ͷּͶ뵽֮ȥˣĪӷɺĿȥֽ¾Ȼ¸ӣ˸еЩ˼飺£Ҽǵ˽²˺ܶôƣЩó𡣡
ҲЩ˽Ƶóáҡҡͷ˵ЩԼģԵҵȤɣҵĹҵȤԴ̬ϴԼĸо˵ġ
˼ǣȻƸ壬ǹȤȤ
ûµ˵ͷҲͲЩ˽Ƶó
ȻĪӷ˼˵и뷨ɲ԰һ£
ºĿȥʲô뷨
ù˾һƷĪӷ΢΢ЦЦˮֻҾýʲˡ
ң𣿡ЩţֻǸ˰ɣ
ȻˣϯʦĪӷһ㶼û¸ɻˣ˼˵Ҿʺϲˡ
Ȼô˵Ļε̾һǾͺðɡ


280±Ǻ

֮ȻȻ²ˬԼ뼦ͷҲҲٴĵطˣЩȻ±ֳһԹģ֪ΪΣʼվýһڼǺԼ
ʵ֪ǣ¸ûаϣǺ鶼⡣ҲΪ֪űԽԽ꣬ȻʲôëǱߣ˵˦˳
ҲķԽԽ⣬Ҳ֪ѾĹ˵ˡ
ѹ˾²۸ĹۣԹĹͻȻ뵽ʲôһ˵֡źö졣
죿̫ܰɡһ˵£̲ס뷭ֻۣǸСɫѣõϯʦôˣҾϯʦƶģϯʦôġ
ʵϯʦʲôģҲ̫˵ֻЩͺˣ챻ļһʸΪϯʦɡ
ˣĹͻȻ˵ľ
ľõüͷºͶľʲôϵ
ԭǶľҵĴС㣬ľŮװģ˵ֲģĶľСԻһͱ˸ϳ˶ľңȻָĳɽ¡
Ȼ𣿡𲻸ŵĿԼҹۣĪӿһֳһֱ¶ֵ̫ˣеޱȵԱŻƴ̣ΪΪԼ֤ѹûôֻſԲڽǰʾ΢̬
˸±˴ӺŸϳȥ飬ǽµġʷҲûֵôһ˽⵽£ͳޱȣڵڶ쿴µʱҲˡ
ǶľҴСܿͱ𴫲ˣһʱ䶼£ҲĽʦ֮ǰôѽ£¶֨һҲһ
ֻ˵̫ˣԼ̫Ҫˣ֮ǰ֮Բ⣬ΪЩ飬һЩĵֵ÷ϵ飬һأ˽µĵˡ
ܹܡѹŭֱİ칫˾ŶĽ£üͷûʶԣ£ʲôţΪ˭ҳȥ
ҵܹʲô˼˵ΪʲôҪǰǶľС飬ǰ˭͹ûϵɡ
һμʶǿӲ̬ȣЩڣǰŽ´Уݺݵŭһ٣һϽĮ񣬲֪Ϊʲô˵Ļںˡ
˵˵ôˡӲͷƤ˵˵ҵģʲôˣֲʲôܣҡҡڽµע£Խ˵ԽСǼ˵ȥ
֪ɡ
һɡЦһһЦŵòᣬ䲻һ£ûһɼĮ˵ȥܹܣҿҵ˾Ըӣ㲻ҪҪɲɡ
˵꣬²֪𣬽¾ô뿪˰칫ҡ
뿪ԺظһֻԺֿʼԹ񾭲СȻΪղŵЩ±ֳЩѾʻٻʵ൱ĵģȻҲͲȥֹԱѽµȥ
˼֮ϢȻôĪӷɶУĪӷҲû뵽Ȼᷢ飬ΪԼӦòᷢʲôŶԣû뵽飬±ǺͶľҲϲѡͬĸ뿪ȻְѶľҵͱԿ˵ǲȵ˽µˡ
ĪӷֻʮֶԲ£ͷĹ˲ˣֱӷɱİ칫˾Ժúõ̸һ̸һҪһС
û뵽Ϊôһ£ȻĪӷɣĪӷǰ϶ʲôףʾ֪Լˣ֤µǸϴĪӷɸе⡣
Ȼ˵Ҳû˵ôϣֻһˣҲ൱ˬÿµʱԽԽˬڸӼǺ޽¡


281ٴκ

ϦбյһҲԼԼǺá
һʱ䣬Ѿˣٿ칫ˣҲѾʼϵĹβ׼ȥˡ
СȻȥ˰СﳯŽ´һкľͱԼĵ°ˡ
ҲŽµͷ뿪µҲЩȻ֮ǰЩ죬ǼȻѾˣҲôץŲš
£΢һ¡ĪӷȴͻȻһϢ¿Ϣ֮ҲͣϵĶ
ܿ죬Īӷɾͳ˰칫ǰ棺¥µĿȵµĿȶһȥһºȻ룬ȴǲͻأ
áĪӷӣֱӵľЦ˳˵ͷ
ڵԼûʲôҪңĪӷɿɲḡˡ
ȵŴѾ࣬ڷһ߽ǰĿȣһͷʵ֪Īܽʲôô
ˣҵĹϵôԶɡˣҴ㽫龭ôĪӷ¶һ˿ΣϾҪǿˣǿɾû˼ˡ
Ƚ˵ʲôĪӷٴοڣ˽ģʵˡҲ㣬ǣˮƽλá
ˡ룬ǻشϾڵλȣһ̫ߣˤң»һһӡźáζ˵һͷʼĻᣬɳΣ˵ţĪӷЦЦ
ĪӷһӾЦ˳ʵѾ뵽һ㣬ϾǽµӡֻҪһ£ϾôвŻ˱ûҲ
˼䣬Ⱥ꣬Ҳͷ˿
ȻԷ⣬ôǿҲûκε塣һ㣬Īӷɺס
ʱһһε˹ȥ˵ת˲ţÿ춼ǰһĸƣ£ûзӦͷԼѾڹ˾˲̵ʱˡ
ĸǺܹ
°ôˣϣһ䣬ȴݺݵĵһۣͷӣ˵ʲôأŮ㡣
˵ţ͸¼һӵ㱳Ϊ⡣
ЦſദůģһΣʼңĻᣬԺúõĺ͸ĸһ
˾õģҶҺܺãңҲûʲôӣԵʱɡ»ش꣬Сڵĳϣд㡣
裬ôİóԣҲѧµ۾һڴ
Ǹ˵ĲУæ򵥣Ҿͽ㡣ںúóԷ
á¼ЦЦůû
ҲԽԽˣԣӦ˵ȶ
ûôĹĶǺͲȷأһжڳźõķչоҲ졣
ٹ죬Ҳ͵ˡһ뵽ﻹЩġ
룬ͻȻʵ֣裬ûȥĶ氡
ȥ棿һӾʹסˣû
ûʲôطȥȴһֱûȥģٴʵȴЩɬ
ʱȴһɬҰ뿴־˵ҪȥŰƭģû뵽飬һֱûȥ
ߣʲôһһĺôʲôϡġȴһľǿ
ȴǵͷЦѾ˼ƻȹȴŶȥ
ȵʵ֣Ѿźг̹滮ڶ͵˾׼١
ǹ˾ﲻ֪Ϊʲôоÿ˶Щ
ǷʲôԼ֪ôµЩԻ
ֱȥĪӷٵģƫƫĪӷ²ڣٵͷʱˣҲ⼸ˡ
ͻȻһСЦŶԽ˵С֪֪ǹ˾ҪͶľźأ
Ͷľźͷһʲô
˵ģæ׷ʡ
СЦЦϴ㽣ǰľǺأǲ˵ǵĺãǿǶľ֪ľɻ᲻֣л.
˵ѾСĻ˼ǽµɫѾòÿˡΪʲôΪʲôڣҪͶľ᣿
Ȼף˾֮໥ģǲ֪ΪʲôǾʲôҪһһһķţȴʲôҲ


282Ů

һ죬Īӷɶڣʱ򣬽ҲûٴŸĸȥε˼ֻµȥ
ͻȻ䣬˴̶ֻ÷ꡣ
ȴһεһֽ²Ͳͣļơ
һŭĻعͷȥʲô
һͷͼһϤĺɫͣߣҡ£ϳȥ
ϤĿŽµȴһĨ顣Ƕľɡ
һӾû˺Ƣʲô
ϳľٴοڣȫǲ๡
ôˣֱǰȥǶľȴǿųôŽ£н¸Ƿ겻һֱȣΧ·˶ͶĿ⣬ƺȫⷢʲô顣
ֻϻģ˳
˵ɣʲô飬ľүβŨŨĳ¾ôŶľɡ
˭֪ľֻǿų¼ҵķʻȥ˺һĵҪ뿪Īϡ
ǣľүܵе̫ˣΪ̫ƽ󾯲찡㣬ʲô鶼Ҫܡ¸ֱӾܾм֮Աǵĸо
ľɣԽԽˡ
ġľͻȻɲعͷ˵
˫ֱڳϣ˼Ҳġҵϵ죬ҿɲΪŵԭʧȥ֮׵İ
˵꣬¾ֱ³ҵˣлˡ
˵꣬ҲľɷӦʱ䣬ֱӾˡֻ¶ľɾôŽȥıӰĿ䡣
ڽ²֪ʱһıѾĵĳ˿
ԭڽµκͶľŵĺûʲô顣Ͼڵĵλߣ飬ôҲֲͷϡ
ǣȴǵ͹ЩŮ˵ֶΡ
һƷŮԶ
ƷǷۣ嶼װ޳Ƿɫ˿ﶼ˺ü꣬Ҫ˵Щɸֶ״㣬˲ǰ򿨡
ңƷа䣡
ʱﻹЩмġǵڰʱ˼ҲɵıǷ۸ˡ
ҵ꣬ǲ;߶ǽߵӣͼϸĵĽ
ã֪ʲôҪôڰ֮󣬷Աʵ
ζҲܿܣһɣƾͺá
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һ󣬾˭Լֵط
ڽϣյһţ벻뱨£Ǹ˵ȴûˡ
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ʱ򣬰ٴα򿪣һ˽
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꣬ԣӦýжľ꣬¶˳Цݣǰҡ
˳ŶԷ߿Լǰĵ⣬ϻһĨΣҾеˡ
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θΪµԭѵ⣬ȻԽ»ģֻû뵽ԽµĺôҲһ濴ԡ
ˣľȻϲģߴЦݣ˵ͷȻˣи飬֪ǷԸ
ˣױǰɱΣõӣľȫûܾ
Ȼֻǵͷԥһ£ȴʵǶ˵ʲôô
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ǾΣգȴ˵
ָоЩܣԱµʱ𼸺ûж룬ֱӵľʹӦãҴӦ㣬ֻǲ֪ʲô뷨
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һЦ֮ܿľ˹˼ֱ˵һ£˵ʵ̫ˡ
ǣ˯ͷ


283¹

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˵ʲô鳤һŵĿǰ
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²ʲôС׻ңҲһҲͶľʲô
ȴһ棺ƵѣϾԭڶľҲеλģκͶľŵĺΨһһǱߵϤģ㲻ȥ˭ȥ
ڵ.»Ҫ˵ЩʲôǱʶЩԡ
ò˵˵Ļƫƫʵǽ޿ɷʵ
Ȼôֱİ壺˵ǲĻǹ˾ǲ˵ģ
仰һ¸ɫѿ˼֡
ԸôҪȥͶľŵȥͨڽ˵ɲһʲô¡
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ϾĪӷɵĹ˾ԼҲΪĪӷЩʲô
ºܿö⣬ʵϣҲûеڶ·ߣã֪ˡǾͽϷҰɡ
㣬ԷҪֱڶľż档Щ͵ľͽľҪ˵˳
ȻкɵĽҲ˵ЩʲôæʵԷεҪأ
ҪЩҪȥ̸ȴЦ˵Щã
һӲĶӣµýʲô˵ֻܾôĴӦã֪ˡ
ڶ죬ٴľ£ǸʵĴ¥µǷҵĽ
ҡҡͷ߰ҡȥڵԼҪģǽι˾ĵӸã
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⣬߽ȥֻǲ֪ΪʲôܾΧƺڿҧҧŬĽԼӵһУȷԼ֮ǰ飬ܹϰԡ
ᳵ·ߵӴңȴûڡһʱ䣬ȷѾˣнЩ
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ȻµɫЩףǿţǽ¡
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Σ˵˾ҪһŮˣǰҸˣ
Ҫǽ£ľǶľҵС㣡ӦùŽʳˣ
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æĿڣǵģֻεĺ֪ľСʲô뷨
뷨֮ǰùô治֪ʲôϡľһ⻰͵
ͷӦ˹ԼǱһûֻӲͷƤˣǣҵͬʱҲãܹ潫һЩҪʵãҲһ£һЩϵĴ󡣡
ݡľǲˬֱӶһݱҵµϡ
ûзӦûнסֻæȥ񣬹Ȼľٴο䳰ȷļòס治֪ʲôġ
ǣŽ¶Լǰģľǵõһֱ̬ŤԼҲûз֡
ҵҪҪģһŴΣǲ̫̫ز̫ز̫Ҫǲ̫ḡҪѹסʡһĲܲܣжľ꼸һûл
󣬶ľ˵ңִգκκƵĵطͬʱɫҪʮ֣ǲ̫ڡ
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284½ΪѵҪ

ǣϸļϾڶľǼ׷²ۣϻҪ΢Ц
ֻҪ.ò˵Щˡ
ЩҪмƽĽʵ̫ģˣϾ͸˵ĸойأ޷ΪҪ󣬵ǿŶľһģֻ̾
Ƚ֮£¾ԼԸȥʲôʰ쵵ĺڣڵİסϾЩлģǶľЩҪʵЩΪѡ
֪Ҫʲô·ͣŴĻһǿЦʵ
ľȴǸһۣǻǸԼĻش𣬱Ͼûʲôõ˵ģŽκģˬ졣
Ȼֿʼ⣺Ϲص⣬ڹŴһýԼֱʯЩ϶ǱȽصġ
˵ʲôⲻҪôôصΣҪѹôľٴκǲĻصȻʯأǾһЩô򵥵ĵ㶼ô
ǻҪôɫñʯĻٴηѡ
ľֻǵȻͲҪˣϾרҵʦô˵ţǳĿ˽һۡ
û˷ӣֻܴӦͬʱѾԺй˼
һһı֣ҲǺЩ⣬Ƕľ˻
ǣĻִǲܵġŴûЩ.ٴ⡣
ľƣĴһǷƺˣǲͷģˣ㣬ֻҪĳƷЧþˡ
ش𣬽æĵͷĿϱעϸȥѾעġ
ʵǶľҪ̫ˣҺܶ඼ǵ̱Щ󲿷֣ԿóǶľҪ
Ҳûзӣǿһеʮɫѡ
ôʲô⣿û⣬ҿɾˡڵʱǱĺ ľߴٵ
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ҪǱﵽġĻǲ⻻ˡľȴǶôһ仰
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ȵڶʱ򣬽»ûʲôܺõ뷨ֻܽͬ¸ټ
˶ϵ˻֪Ҫʲô
½ľҪļͶӰ˳
һһҪ󣬹ȻЩԱһˡ
Сǡ˲һ䡣
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һôǱߣкܶ뷨ֻܱá
ƣǶΪ޷ЩҪҪҪ󶼲ȫ㣬ֻʹ
ΣֻѰһ±˵뷨ˣϾҲǹ˾Ŀ
ͬҲɵˣСڶҰɣҪҪ
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ҲһΪѣ󲿷ѾͶԷ۹ˣһ£ӣɫҪ󣬲֪ʲôûС
˵ţ¾ͽ˽˵ɵĵ˳ӣ˶ʼ˵
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ֻǣ˶û⣬ʲô˵֮𷴶Ա߳£ȥľ̸УûôνϯʦҲˡ
˵꣬Цһֱӵ뿪ˣǲмģнһһĲƫƫϻҪǿЦݣǾ鷳ˡ ˵ţͳ΢΢ϹǴĵ׵֪εƺѣԷҪҲܸߣǣҪŽһŬʱ򡣡


285°

ڼУľߵɳϣһַֻԴͷ̾ҵĵ㲻ˣΪʲôܾأ
СͿʼ׷ˣô׷ߣϣڣԼ׷һ˶ôˣ֪ܾζǶôܡ
ڵĶľɣʮֵ䣬Ӷ챻ܾĳǸشľѾȵˡ
ߣģֵģ˵˼˰ˣô˾ûоأȷ˷˼
ǲ̫żˡ
ľɶһɳҲֻΪ֮ŵĽŮӶܺߵģҪĥӲݡ
ʧܺԼһרѣ˵׷ŮҪ
һ¿࣬ڶģҪⲻ¿࣬ˣʣµĲģҪбҪȥԡ
׼óֻԼ³Ը˹̧ͷһȻǶľ꣬öһˮ
ǸոݺõģƮһɲ㣬һˮζǴӶľϴģеŨ͸ǹˡ
˰ɣȿڲ衣˵ţľ˶ľߣܽöľɺܲӦ
ϲǵζĽ£ҪԼԱߣǲŽҲ֪Щʲô
Զľ˹Ĳ裬ûȣڿʣҲȣ෴ǽ¸Լ˲裬Ҳˡ
ľֱ꣬Ӿ˵ɡ
ڿýϲԼϴαʧˣģ´һҪ˳˳ı׳ɹ
ֻǻ֪Ҫ£׵ʱҲ֪ʲôʣѰŮӲһͶҲҪرĲС
ľɲüͷһ£öľɺܲԾǱһˣǿ˵鱦飬ЩطһǺܶܽ̽𣿡
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֣ͬ˿ӶľĶ䣬䵽û뵽ľɶԼ̬ȾȻ㡣
Ӧõģˣ˲ô̬ȣʵ֣ԼҲûʲô¡
˼ȥҲ벻ͨûǵô뿪ŭ
ƣԼղŶ˹Ĳ裬ϣŶľӦòˣͷβûԼһۡ
գʵ̲סΪʲôŶľ˵鲻̫ãô𣿿Ը˵ֵܰһЩ
һһ䣬Сĵ˵ţ·ڸһͷʨ˵һС˵ˣЩˣŭ
ĺܣľԺǣԼÿкһֻۣǷܵĻһ䡣
ľɾЩͷˣһֱ߶߶ģͣˣԼ˼
۾ǰĮ˵˵Ҳ㻹ҿͦæģȥæİɡ
˵֮ùµͼֽһͼֽ
ڱһۣľܺܶ࣬ȻǰĮ֮ǰöˣٿˣҲԼһʱ硣
ҲæҾˡʵҲҪæľɣʲô¶Ҫˡ
⿪ûһľͻȻ֣õͼֽ죬ǰµͼֽ
룺ôȻԽµͼֽôˣⶼǰˣóɶÿġ
־Լ۽ˣԼȻȲǰͼֽҸ⣬öľɸԼܲĵͼֽ
ϲͼֽҲЩŪģҪҿ
ûȶľɴӦľ߻᷿һżͼֽ߳ˣЩµģܱǰĺá
õľǰǶľȴһûûոԼ˵ĻƵġ
ĸоرһɵӣľˣôԼʲôء
ŶľɷͼֽˣֻƺЩʲô
źĵĶľ꣬ȥɳϣһۣ֣ľɿЩȻǹڽµĳΪϯʦš
ѹָոһֱûԼǱסˣǰͼֽȿҪȤ
ڽ³ΪϯʦѾˣ䣬ϻϽ̨ء
ڿľľӵļǺ޽£룺£ҵţ㲻ϯʦλãѶľҲߣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
飬ộ취ˣʲôᱻߡ
ľ걻ĴˣǶľΪ̫ûз֣ҲԼûϵֻںµ顣


286¹

ȥҲǰ취ɲԼǿվȥеķ
ʱΪʲô鷢öľ뵽һ취
о˵ľҲ֪ôˣƲֵģҲ鷳²ոҿľٺҲãҪһȥɢɢ
ܲľһԼܴ뵽İ취һöľɶ࿴Լۣһ˷ɷɡ
Ǿһȥ֣һ˺þûȥɹˣãҶڼҡ
ͬˣûطأɵˣ˵žҪѡ·öľȥȥ׼
ˣľվоͺˣô߰վʲô
⻰ľּ˵ľ鲻ãҲֻеĶˡ
ǶľĿģҪȻҲС
Ǻãȥ׼һ£һ
ľȥ֪ͨľ٣һȥ֣֮ܿʹӦˣھʣ¶ľˣ֪᲻ͬ⣬гӦûͬ⡣
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ľһߣҲڴŶľɵĻظոջطְԼĸһЩˡ
裬ⲻľ溺ľҾͲȥˡ
ľѹûȥʲô֣뽭Щ£ҪҲԣǽڣû˼ڼҿŽµͼ
⻰еģͲˣʹһ˳ȥ֣ȥĻôܽһأ
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ľɺܲ⣬ҪԼԸ飬ô˵ˣӣȥˡ
Уߡ
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һܴ̳࣬ҲǺܼط·Ǻܷġ
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һ˲Żı飬ĪǶľʲôˡ
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˵꣬ľʹˣطպʿЬӵģҪЬʲô
һǵ뵽һͣҾǾ˫Ьͦÿʺģơ
ɷǳãԲѣöľ֪ԼһֱöľɶԼĹۡ
ľͣ©ɸոնľŵı˵ѣԼҲûȥˡ
ҲȱЬӣҲûҿϵġľľԼ֣Į˵
Ьϰ壬֮ʮѿôЬӿɶƣȻһ˫벻ۣҪж߰ȻǮˣź
ʵǶľɵҪ󲢲ߣֻҪ´ˣ¿ϵģԼϵġ
ΪԼܵõľɸĹ۵Ķľ꣬̾˿̫ˣЦһ¶Ѱȫֽ£֪ľʲôĮ飬ǰԴ˶ˡ
һ뵽£ľҧأݺݵ﷢ģһҪѽģ
ʱĽ£벻ʮɫ¶أƣԾͳߣ˵ˣǹһˣɶҲûС
ոտһӰҪԼߵģͻȻߵˣúɻӰϤ벻˭ˡ
Σ벻ͨɴ಻ˣ˵ԼɫϵˣŻῴ
ľҲ湻ݵģȻԼ⣬ԼҲģҲУڡ
Ҫôʮɫȵ컹ѡ


287ת

ֹһľ̲סˣⶼʲôʲôԼ鱾ͲˣҪĵϹ䡣
ľһй䣬ľһֱߣ˵ǸָǸֲҲ֪˼
ʵľöľģԼĻûӣһеĸһŮĳ֣ҪŮЦġ
ָ˺üľɶ򣬰ӣöľƼˣҪôУϵλɽ̽
ľܲˣҲûľ꣬Ϊת˵裬һȥǱ߹䣬ȹ䣬һſڼ
Ҳиظľֱˣߵĺܿ죬ģкͶľ궼ԭء
˭ˣ˵߾ߣǶûǾˣôͻȻô
˶ѾˣҲΪˣΪɢĵġ
ľɻǾøոնľͻȻԼЩŹ֣صԭĵطô£һԤУǸˣԼϤ
ԽԽӿŲصԭĵطĴ˿ûУǲܾþֵΧ
һˣûˣ̾˿ĿţૣͺˣҪĻһ֪ôأһûôԣһ֪ҪŻϲ
һǰûʲôߵģǾȥſڵˣ˭룬תǣ
ôľɴżֺ˵벻⡣
Ҳʮֺ棬ⶼʲôԵְȻˣǾһɡ
һţһģľɿѯʵ£ң취
Ʋֵģֶһ˳֣ʲôסˡ
²ѶľԼԼԽȻûзܿͻеģ鱾ͼˣøӸӡ
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⻰˿ţԲţһ֪£ֻǲԸ˵ģüġ
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ľɿŽ˵˫ÿ
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Ь֮󣬽µһ㣬뵽ûøľһֺܺãΪ֮ǰ飬ԶľɻЩģԭΪûԼǸء
ЬҲˣһҪæˡ˵꣬¾뿪ˡ
ĵʱ˶ݣûһԼʣһˣֻͨһ绰
Ԭҵһ£ʲô
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տʼ˵û£˵ż뿪ˣǰìˣ϶йŹ֡
绰ľɿԬģϽӦǲ鵽ˡ
ͶľźǺĸˣǶľ˵⣬ȥʮɫ
ԬԼ鵽Ķȫ˶ľɣ绰һߵĶľɣѾĹҵ绰
ͷֲԾˣ벻ȻǶľĹʮɫⲻǼ򵥵飬ֲøոսڷ
ʱҲˣľɾ͵̳ſڵȴǣþͿˣǶľ꣬˼ۡ
ľ걻Щţ뱻ľɿƺһɺϢɪɪ򶨣תע˫Ь
Ȼ⣬ľɲֱ˵ջԼĿ⣬˵ˣͻȥɣҲûʲôģҾ˫Ь
֣ջ˫ЬǽΪԼѡģ岻һ
ľ꿴˫Ь᲻˽£֪ЩʲôȻҲô䣬֮ǰˣ˿¡
ոԼȥЬʱкܶЬϣ˵ԼЬ̫ˣΪһ˫ˡ
ֶѲ˹ϵԽµĺȫ̽


288±صƷ

ɳԼķһ仰Ҳ˵̫ϡ
ҲҸû̫ĵطţȻҲɹڵġ
Ľµ˼ˣŶŶҵ
СҾõķˣ㿴϶ûһˡһ߸ӵ·˽Աߣָҵ˵
Һ»᲻ͨ±صĶŷ˵
°ҪȥԿɣǸĽµļ
á̧ͷᶨĿ˿ش
һ߽˶ľţټļԵС֪ľΪԼ
ɾҲҪ¸ԼŬøϿԼ
úȥµƷͨʵԼһʵˡ
վڶľİ칫ſڣĺһԥƬ̧֣˰칫ҵš
ڰ칫ҵĶľڵͷļϷһճõĿȡ
ľ꿴ǽ£ͻȻ¶𣿡
֪ľ겻öԸ˫ֽŷˣ㿴ɣ
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˱Ҳֱӹķ
ľҧҧ촽ܵĿ˿УȥŪ
˵ѽķһĵϡ
ΪʲôüͷЩ̫ˣϾľҲǿ
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˵оͲУҪҵİȥŪɣһٸ㼸ʱ䡣ľŽüë
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ô£ľڰ칫￴Ųʵ
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ûʲôǷûͨڻȥɣܻкð취ġ
ʮ־ɥĽ¸ûľ˵ģʱ˿̵ֻŷϿͨöľΪԼˡ
ŶŶҿһ·ͷҲ˵ûϵ٣ܻкð취Ĺ
лл㰡˻٣һҪúøĵģܻϿɵġ
ܻ͡а취ġ
»Ǿú֣ǴһЦʲôҲû˵ŷ뿪ˡ
Ƿ¶Ԭ߽칫˵
ľüͷһ˵ķҵҿﲻá
ԬµЧʹܿ죬Ҳʮӱѷŵ˶ľɵǰ
ʱúܿ죬ľŷһʵȷµķ
԰ʲô𣿡Ԭŵ۾ĶľСʵ
ûû£ֻû뵽ڵȻôǿľһ˵ϵķǷ
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ر𣿡ԬߵԱʵ
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ԬĻû˵㱻ľɾܾУȻãǻǴȥɣ
ȥԬӲˡ
Ȼ֪ľΪʲôԬĻѽƷȥ


289½Χ

ۿۿۡһͷҲû̧۾ŵĻ᲻˵˾䡰
ű򿪣һλװĵ˴ˡ
̧ۿһۣǶ»һλ鱦Ŀĸ֮һĿӵ˻Цá
ȴû˿Ц⣬źҡҡͷ̾һСλеźʵƷͦõģǾȨֻռ˰ٷ֮ʮߵľȨڶԷ˾ĸ߲棬ԡ˵⣬̾˼ûټ˵ȥ
ԣԭһ¾ѹȥЦݽˡ
˵ûһʧǼٵģϾķ˵passͱpassˣƬ̣Ц»ص˽µϣҲ̾һû¶ҲҵǸðɡ
ûһοĵ˵ͷôȻǺõģһһ飬ǹƷûͨĻᣬú׼һ°ɣҾˡ˵꣬뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬽һʧȥľżڰ칫ϣ촽ţüھ£
Ƚµ˻ңһţͿλѾˣһλǸģһȥȫҵ˶Ͷϣ¼ȾЩ˼ЩΣŹϣһ˵š˼һλϡ
ʹһһ˿ЦкôļӰһȺ˵һˡ
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˵⣬˶٣ϸ۾΢ЩĿŽ£ּ˵˵ҾκͶľŵĺЩ
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ͷԱĶߴߴ£Ҳ岻һ仰ȥ²̧ͷԲ³ϵıˡ
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Īӷɾ˵עµ˽
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»˿Īӷˣ΢΢һ㶣Ӧ˵ĪܣôͻȻˣ
Īӷɱ΢䣬˵ǿʲôᣬôѵȨûˡ
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Īӷɿ˿£ΪʲôոһһĵˣЦʤ˱ҳ£ûҲܷŽʦĸλֻ˵ˮƽãǶԷ۹̫ˡ
Ȼ۾Īӷɣû뵽ĪӷɻΧ˵ʵĪӷû֮ǰô£ھͲˣĪӷɵһ仰ͽεķΧ˳
ĪӷͶȥһл
ĪӷɶԽЦЦ֮ĪӷҲһֱſᣬҲû˵ˣżͶߺ޵⣬¾ⳡ鿪Ļ졣


290Ȱ˵

°Īӷ°칫ǰá
洫һöŮ
ĪӷŽȥ»ڰ칫ǰ΢΢üͷ𣿲Ѿ°𣿡
֪ʱ佭Ϊܰˮƺãһֱ࣬˵Ǻܾҵˡ
̧ۿ˿Īӷɣ̫Ѩһߣٿһ㣬ܴܲҵһЩС
ƣӣĪӷ򴽣ߵߣˣҪģԱ˲м˵Ա˺Ȼ뵽һЩأ
ȻոտʱĪӷΪΧǽ»ǾǵȥҲΪƲԲûбϣڵ͹ڡ
ǿĪӷĵӣ־Щⲻȥ֪ĪӷΪõģЦ㶼˵ˣһʲôɾܾأһ˵ҵأ
µ仰Ĭ˸ĪӷһȥԷ
ĪӷɽüͷŽ˵仰ɿˣϽĵԸˣ˵ǾͿ߰ɣѾ˲ˡ

Էʱ򣬿һӵüȣʵ²ûʲôʳһ£ְһµģͷβų˼ڲˡ
ĪӷҲע⵽ˣҲµʳõԭ򣬷¿ӣǣεʵûҪȥʱڻ˵һǶԷ۹̫ˣ㷽õԭķҲҾúܰܶʦﲻˮƽ㣬һеģ
ĪӷɸļҲһЩǲԾ
΢ĴǣĪӷҲһЦ˾ͺã˵ո˵Щο
һߣľɰԬ˽
Ԭվڶľǰ棬ʣܲǷԸʲô𣿡
ľǷ΢ţޱ飬̲˵ȥѶľСйһ¡
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ľɿһ˲˵֪ˮǼ𣿡
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ľĿһ£ȻΪ飬û֮ǰƷʦдŽµʱ붼ûֱ˵ûͨȻЩˣɷϵǣ뵽»Ϊ²ģһ˲ĺá
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˵ˣһϵӣȻҲûбҪȥˡ
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ճȥľϵЦݾʧɢˣޱ飬ĺԽԽʢ

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裬һˡľһЩŮ
ʤľæ߳˵Сô칤𣿹˾û˶ɫ
ľ꿴ʤкͰģĵõ˺ܴ㣬ǰļͥǴûйģľҡҡͷҪЩ߰ƳȥڹúܺãûҪȥǰЩˡ
ãҾù˾˶ܺദˣ裬㿴һ£Ҹոջʱ·һҷװ꣬³濴һ·ͦģ˳·˻㿴ϲϲ˵ţľѴӵ˹ȥ
ʤа·˳һɫëӴ£Ҳܹ⻬ʤаڻϲӣʵ۶ľʲô·ܿģϾǶľһ⡣
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291ϲ

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ԷûУʤлһĹĶľɵʳǰľÿκʱ⡣
ѾԹˡľɿʤдЩƣݣ򴽣뻹˵裬ԺʮӻûĻϢɣҲ˵һæʲôʱҹġ
ʤЦЦ˳Ż˵ȥ㻹֪ҹ壬ѵ壿Ͳ𣿡˵⣬ɫͻȻͱ
ԣľɵĶһ٣ֻ˵Ժᾡģ裬ѾˣȻȥϢɡ
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ľ֮ǰЩ֪뵽һļͥ˶ʮ꣬ÿ춼ųԲůʤʮֲܡ
ľͻȻúһƬɬ˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
ʤͻȻ뵽ʲôһһ˲ͻȻЦ˵˵СҲһТ˳ĺӣ컹Ҵ˼··ҪҪǷ⡭
ţʤ˵һѶľĺû֮˵ôҪľɶԶľĽ䱸ģǸˣȻóľɶԶľڻ̫ΣϾľŸոľڲ̫׿ˣڶľ˵ҪһˣǵҪһʱС
ǣʤ˵ľûʱ򣬶ľһֱųĬһΪӡ
֪˵˶ãľҲûдʤУֱϯŷŹľɣط˯ˡ
ľһɳϣȴϣĪƵûţӿ㶵һ̳ᰴһ´ͷðɫСӳľɻ³һɫȦ˲䣬ͱ˻ɫȦʵġ
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ãסԬӦ

ڶ죬ľڰ칫ŹͻȻһ绰ļ̌ۿһʾˣԬֱ֣ǽǱ߷ʲô£Ͱѵ绰ͨˡ
ʲôˣľɳʣЩá
Сûзʲô£ֻǡ˵⣬ԬסˣĬ˼˵ֻǣСƺĪҵλүߵͦġ
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°֮󣬶ľɲ֪ľ˽סĵطվһ棬ĿȴĶŴš
֪ľվ˶ãѾľɲſµӰǵӰþûزżû;ýƺࡣ
죬ǲŹԭλµķ˹ȥ
һ󼱴ٵܲѭȥȴľ˵Ŀԣ򴽣ޱĽĿ˻ǰߣֻȴһʼࡣ
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ţܲܲҪңÿοǧ֮ӣҡҵܲܣǾͲǰһദǺαأ˵棬ľɵ


292·ͨ

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಻ţһҪ㣬ϲˡ
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һɽĶľɾȻҲкߵʱ
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ľɵĺĿ죬ȥҲ죬Ųһ۵ĹղŻƻĶѾָ˳ɫ
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οĵͷǾͺãȳ԰ɡ

ڶϣȥ˾ʱܾýЩ̫ԣƺ˾Щ˵顭ĺã
ȥ칫ҵ·ϣʱ϶Цݸк
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Сá

һ·϶ЦݵĸǴкص칫֮ҪЦˣԼգģһϵ񾭡
ʱһ󼱴ٵŵҪ飬æ˵ɡ
µС˽ϻϲı飬ǿСܸˣЦǻᴫȾģҲȾЦ⣺ʲô°˳ӡ
㻹֪ǸˮƷѾͨС˵ľԼķͨһ
һʱûӦ죬ŷӦ۾̫ȷʣͨˣ
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ΪͨˣԽµһ춼ܺãڿֵʱǻúܿ졣
ֵ°ʱ䣬߳˾һֵƵĺͣڹ˾ſڣƫԴܾЩ죬ƺǶľɾ
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293ô׷Ů

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绰ҶϣľɵĴ΢䣬ŵ绰ͷĽܻȴֲôӡ
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ľƤŽºԸģѹǵЦݣ˵ȥԷɡ
ԣƫͷŶľɣƤЦⲻЦ˵ҵ𣿡
ľɸЦڲ𣿡
̲ס︹̶ľɵֱаʵ̫ˣѾĳˣ³Щµ˿ˣʲôء
ľ˵ͷƫ⡣
ľɿŽµĺףϹһȣ׵Ҫ˳
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һֱУѾֱ˰ɡ
ȻЩҲֻ룬һٸҲҽʵ뷨˵

칫ľڵǰβûһ񣬵ʾϵݺȻдô׷Ůӣ
콭ȻһȥԷȫǱֳĬģľҲڲ໰ˣԣǶٷεĿ¡
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294Ӣ۾

ȻЦŵģ۵ȴһЦⶼûС
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295

Ϸ֮󣬽¶ڶľɵ׷ǰһֱԼĸ磬Ҳû뷨
񣬴ϳԼǰĸߴӰľɳϵᣬеÿһ鶼ڸ˵Ĺϵľɶ̬Ѿһˡ
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ʵҪġһνûпܣųˣȥٽȥ֮ǰؿںԼԱߵˡ
ǵؽ磬ܵķʽ˵Ĺϵı֮󣬾ȻһӲϰ
ֻԶľɵҲиоģҲرףӻϱΨһӴһˣҪ˵Щ龭ӵеĲḻ
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˵ЩʱЩ֣룬־ʮ
ͻȻ֮䣬뵽˴ǰľ뽭ദЩ飬һĶľɶԴµʱǻЩ̬ͬȻ;˽ᷢ״
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ףףҵɹҴȥһ档ľ˵ʱӦģ˵Ľ£ȴεҡҡͷ
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һϲԼĽ£ᾹȻûκεоһůȻЩĪĿġ
֮ҲҪɷɣѯͬ𣿡ľĿһۣջԼĿ⣬ֻݡ
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˵µʱһӱЩ¶װףĪЩģǱϻǹԹ˵ֲСˣôȥСĵط
գգ۾ڶ϶ľĿʱ򣬸ϽջԼĿ⡣
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Сʱ˵
⻰һ˵ԼûпסĻֻǻɫͨ졣
ؿ˼úãԸȥľȥġ
ƺʮֵǿ˵ģͻ֪ҲǴӦˡ
ԣľջԼĿ⣬΢΢ƺʮ⡣
֮пЩĽ΢΢ЩƺټĶľɣЦݣᡣ
֮һ·ϣ˵ûô˵иŸԵǶԷ
Ԭ֮俴һҲľӣͿﶼ΢΢Ц⣬һʱ֮侹Ȼոɻ󵽣Ͻ˶ӣؿ
ܲúͽС֮ƺЩòһˡо̾ȴʲôûеӡ
ʱֹȥ˺ܾãϣų⿴˹ȥֻԱߵķ羰Хһţ˼Ҳóʵ֮仹һҪ⣬Ҫ
ľƫԲһܹģǸŮ˶ԴǶԴһͶľһˣԺǻ񵱳һԴİ裬ǽζԸܵһ㡣
˼ˣգգ۾ųķ羰ӣ飬˵


296԰һ

ûһǰʹԬܲãѾˡ
˵ľɺͽһȥ棬Ȼûʲô飬ܲãСȥɣҾڳϵǡ
˵ţЦЦ
ԬЩΣûعľɱؿˣȻȥɣʱˣһϵ㡣
˵ͻȻ˶٣ˣѳ°ɣԼȥ
ԭﻹһԬ仰֮ȵĲУŵĿŶľɣĿ֮пԼ϶˼
ܲãҲ̫˰ɣĿŶľɣƫƫܲûһ˼
Ԭֻ֮ܽԼһ˿³򳵻ȥ
һӣԱֻʣ˶ľɺͽˣ΢΢ͷЩϰߵĿŶľɣǰȻԹҲǴģҲӡ
ڣֵˣȻһ㣬ʱ򻹻Щε
ȥɻĿŶľɣһӾȻ֪ӦǺˡ
ľ֮ĸоԽ帴ֻе飬ûô򵥰
ԣľɳ԰濴һۣƺЩɻüͷ֮󣬽Ŀһϵе֮п˹ȥĿתľ档
ţָǱߣ˵ҪȻȥǸɣ
ŶľЩڴ飬ɻĳָķ˹ȥ
ⲻ֪һһԭΪ˻ʲôȤĿδ뵽ǣȻ˵Ǹνģתľ
СϷɣ
뵽̲סЦסЦ˵
״ľЩɻĿôˣ
˵֣黹ĲУ˫ӣڽ¶ϵһ˲䣬ͱеͺô̼˵һ仰
ϵЦҲһӸ˻ȥ
˵㣬ԭΪ溣ɽʲôĴ̼Ŀδ뵽㾹Ȼѡ񡭡
˵˵ţƺͻȻ뵽ʲôһӻص˴ǰƺľٴԼʱ˾Ϊָߣŵκģֱӵˡ
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ϣͻȻץסµ֣һ˲ĶϰԵҪԼջ˵ܴζЩѣֻգɶľԶȥ
ȴʼɡЦ˵Цý΢΢ͣһЩӦ
벻ʲôʱҲܹһˣһ档
ЦǺÿ
ٻعʱѾľɴתľԱߣŵĲٴС¾Ҫ뿪
ʵǡ̫ˡ˵
ϲ𣿡ʱԴľɵǰȥ빤ԱѯʣۿһװĸߴӢˣǵ԰ҲܹעˣŻЩȡ
Ҳ˲żȻѾطҲûҪȥúõķſ棬ӵѹ̫һĺ÷
ûһͿľɳ߹һ˵Ǵ棬ҲǸԼɷɡ
һ˵һŽȥתľչԱ˵׼֮ԭѾͣŵתľͻȻ֡
һʱ֮ľЩӦˣĳܿһۣڽµУһֻܹӦĺһ㣬˵ĶҲʮֵ֡
㣡ôӣľĶЦסͣЦ⣬Ѿ֮ǰЩ顣
ĶľѾûĽ٣Ϥõһ㣬ҡ
һ֮󣬽ջԼ˼ľһЦתľƵתţ˵Ҳú
֮󣬽´ľ͸ղһʱ䣬ľɾʧҲ֪ܵĸطȥˡ
ƽʱҲûôԾϻ˵ĺãӣá
ݣɲֻ˵Ů˰뵽ипһ䣬ܿ˿Ҫľɵܵȥˡ
ӣǸûʲôһĵطֵֻķЩ˵ζ


297Ķľ

Ĵ˺һҲûпǸ˵Ӱһʱ֮䣬ǽԼףΪлĪĻš
ԼΪʲôĻţ˵һȻ
£ǲǷˣԼԴȷε˵
ųˣֻǸͻȻӵ˵绰˾ʲô飬æĿȥ˰ˡ
Ѿ뵽˲ٵĿԣûһΪҪġ
ڸأƫƫʱͻȻĶһ
תͿϤӰԼǰȥĶˣ˰죡
ıһ˲˱仯ǹԹĿŶľɣ˼Ҳڲ֪֮УûٽǰˣֻԼĸ翴
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ĿˣȻϣľɾ뿪㺣ҲֻԼܹס
˵ĶľɣϽҡҡͷ󽫱˳кȻһܣӦǸոģĨζžʮֲ
ҿЩ˶еóԣҲ١
ȻǶ̶̵ļ仰ɽȴЩж˵һܹǺѵġǰֶǼװģĿԺС²ϢǾġ
Ҳδ뵽һŮӣȻܹöľΪıô࣬ʵǲףҪ˵вжĻҲһǼٵġ
ۿŶľɽܳԼ˹ûܾȻܾȴ˵˾䡰лл
еıܣ΢΢ҧһڣĨζڿӣԭ۵ζȻڲ֪֮Уø
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ôͻȻӱôˣ˸˶ˬ
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΢΢գգ۾ĪһůƺһΪľɵʶĶǿű˺ģ˱֮ԸٴȥӴģƺĴˡ
λҪᣡСЦ˵ҾǿλҪ뿪ŵȻ԰и»λԲμһ£ƷܷŶ
СصЦЦͶ֮Ķһ˿ڶгͿɰ
ЩĶľתͷ̽ԵĿ۽£ԭܲãӦöЩɡĻʾмǽ̧ʱ򣬾ȻĿ
Ϊǣ»
üĿ΢һЩ
ԡμӲμӡգգ۾֪ΪΣһʱ֮侹ȻЩĪֻգգ۾ʲôûзһ㡣
̵һ仰˱㼤ѣϽͷӦͻȻڡ
С󣬡Ǿ͵һˣż㿪ʼ
ԼֱָѾǿǿҪĵӡ
ȻͿʼˣλҪԶͺáСĵ˵ͷŶ˵ĿЩۣ˴кЦе뿪ˡ
µĶ˴ԭء
¶Ҫæ𣿡ľʱʱĿֱɻѯʡ
ֻҡҡͷڿܸһá
ϣЦЦٶԡ


298Ϸ

ǵһǿֻϵִ5900нţ̧ͷŲԶһۣȻڸոգ԰Ϳʼˡ
ϽţǰΪʫСΪ¶ԺŮӣԴʼʮ棬Լá
ΪƣҲûʱһȥ棬ǱһСӡ
ЩС֡
֪ΪΣǸСƺʮںһ£Ǳ߲ŸոտʼҴææ˹
λѾʼˣǹɣЦ˵Ǵ֡
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һӣ˶óĬ
λ̫ÿˡ԰ô꣬ǵһμλ¡ʱСͻȻЦ˵
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ûһ
ԣСϽأתͷҡҡͷҿĳλĹϵܺãҪ֪ҷſλŰˡ
⻰˵꣬Ϳľɵɫ˱䣬СҲǸˣϽͣʲôҲûз
Ǹ˵Ļ˵ˣģҲˡ
뵽Ŷľɵӣ̲סЦ󿴵ľɵĿ⣬ŸϽջԼЦݡ
ˣζҪľɸһˡ
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ƺû뵽Ķµ΢΢ЩͣҲ֪Ϊʲô鲻Խץס˶ľɵ֡
ĶǶľҲû뵽ȷӦʱѾ˻Աߡ
λԳʱȿĹǽĻҪΪս֮ĬȣԵʱǻѡ񼸸СϷһ棬˭ĵ÷ߣЩСϷҪսĬȵġС˵ǲǵ˻Щףÿν֮Ҫѯһ䡣
Ϸʵѣûһ˾֪ˡһܿ˹ȥŷѾٵˡ
඼ǳ˫ԵģԿĳ¡
ţµͻȻЩпϾΪһ˵¼ҲвˣټЩ飬ֶ׾ܹǵġ
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˵ദʽȻǲһġЩˣһôʱ򣬻һʱֻǺЩ飬Ѿȥˡ
ˣϷҪʼˣȥȻ׽Ϊʲôĸпľɿ鸴ӣԼҲ֪ΪʲôżȻһ˲䣬ȻϣѾͷɴǰǸӣĶá
һжزȥˣԼʶȻҲ֪ôõģҲῪģҲѹ˲Сĵӡ
ǳģҲ㿪ĵĻ´ӦôȥĵطŸԼߵĽ£ľüĿ΢ԴϽǳ硣
Ķľɣ»ЩӦֻǿӣܹף˵ЩӦöǼٻ
ǻ´λҪҳȥ棬ڹ˾ܹݼ٣ܲЦ˵ҲԸٹ˼
Ȼľ뷨Ծ˳š
Ȼ⻰˵֮󣬿ԿЦݣʲôʱǿģʲôʱںദôһγʱ֮Ҳ֪
μϷɣѾЩȲҪõƷˣһȽʯǴֱʡסľɵ֣ȥ
ѾѾʼˣһһԵȥ¶֪ΪʲôԼƺҲһ˲ʵһֵĸо
Ѿ˲ٵĹڣһĿ涼ĲУ֣ܵǵҲ̧
ʱ̨ͻȻȥһˣһװվűֱӢȴɢŲ˿ĺ⡣
ԱߵǸŮ΢ͷ۵һ˫ӿ΢Щ¶ȻԶԶĿšҲܹپµľһ㡣
ľɣֻĿŮϣŻ˲Ůϣ˿ţϾĪĴ
Աߵ˾̾ĲУһӣ˵Ŀ⣬ˣ㹻˾ޡ


299

˽Ϸȫһ֮ϷҪʼˡ
һϷϷʮս˵ĬȣЩ˶ûϰķϣһʵĻᡣ
ԭĽҲû뵽ʱȻ飬㣿ȻԼûнӴϴѧʱ򣬿Щͬѧ֮ıǿһʡ
ˤҲرۡ
뵽ЩµϾЩȻ鱦Ʒм츳ǼֱǸֵ
ǰ˵һ£ҵǳĿŶľɡ
ԣľɿûʲôԾĵطĵ˵ͷҲǡ
˱ϰѾμˣҲ˵̫ҡ
Ȼ˵֪ԼˣǽԭǲԸ
ϰʱʮ棬ÿһ趼׵Ĵ
ȻһҪںԼĽࡣľɻ˵
΢΢üͷ뽭һǰʱǻԼĲӿȣ˾ܹԵЭһ㡣
⵹ǣǲż
˸һҪĿµϣҲڸۣʮֵ档
һ԰ĽƷʵҪӵСʯһʲôҪ֪ʯǺܹصġ
ǽ¿Ϣʱ򻹲⾪һ¡԰ܴϰһʱͻȻľҲǲԡ
λ׼𣿡ۿʱҪȥ˼ӣʱѾˣ˱Цѯʵġ
ǵϷϾҪʼˡ
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˸ŵ˱ĳأճĿտطܵĹԽĶ
Ѿ˵׼ʼͿǰеӽҪ¡
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֮תͷԵˣ棬ƺǸܵ˽µĿҲ߿˹˶֮΢΢ЦЦЦʮᡣ
㿴ɣӮġ˵ȻСɽ»ˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ȼ̵ֻҪվӿǷͮͮġ
ֻܾԼ´δԼ澹ȻҲܹڶľɷ˵ıȻǼٵġ
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ƭңЦ˵ġ
Լ֪ôյģֻ֪֮ǰûκһ³ǵٶȡ
ܹϢ֮󣬽µԽĺĺ˼Ļ˹
ȵˮʱһֻ˹һƿˮݸ
Ƕľɡ
ϲϲ
벻ǾȻɹˣ
Աǹ޲ڵ˾ʱ˹
ܹܵѾˣеˤڵϱ
ϲǣǾĵһ˼˵£ҲҪ֮ĻлиĬСϷǲһϷܹĹھ˭
仰ʹ̼ȫգһӣЩԭҪи£һĶǰһü
벻ȻӮˡ²ͷŶľЦЦ֪д󲿷Ƕľɵԭܹϱ˵Ĳʵһʮѵ顣
ģںȻһһֵӮȥľɿʮģĿᶨĿֳ
ȫ¶ʣýһʱ֮˵ƺһֵʣǷڹŴҪʵ۵˰ɣ
ȻҲֻһпˡ
뵽ջԼ뷨
һСϷԭûĵĽ±ԽԽ
ȻںҲǺֱײ˺üһĻȻҲλӵһ
ԭΪȥܹɹˣֻû뵽ǣʱǻһȷּصĿ˵Ŀб̣ᷭΪһҲǲܵġ
⻰һЩԭΪԼʯԵ£һļ
ʲôĿǸѯʵ


300һĬϷ

ۿѾһˣʼֻǶԺʯȤĽ£ҲҪ׵ķŹ
Ӯ𣿡²ŶľɣĿ⻹ļᶨƺ˵ѾҪҪĴ𰸡
ֻҪÿӮһԡľﻺ˵
ʱ˼ȻǶôҪ֪ϷʲôҲˡһϷȷּصϷѡѯܹ׼ȷ𰸵ģ÷־ͻߡ
⣿
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ǻѯʼһ⣬Ĵֻͬ߷ʵʵĻǻشȷ
˵ֱ֮
ѾڸҪһܹ뵽Ĵ𰸣ۿĹڣҲʮּҪۿĹ̡
ָֻ˽š
һεĹȽϸӣΪһڶĻʵܶ¶ûСڱȽȥ壬ΪˣڵĹǴ󣬻ٵһ¿ʼ
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˵ĹǱȽ˵ģ˶Ӧûзԡ
Ķľɺͽ¿̨ϵһһԵ£˵˴жджһԵ⣬ǾȻһܾˣҲһ㹻˽Էϰߣֻ
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˵ܲӮ
ҾӮʼôζˣ
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ʱ ľɺͽһ̨鼤ؿˣǽ춼Ϊ׼⣬ȻЩⶼǺƽʱϢϢصġ
֮ǰ˶ľɺͽ£ڿ˵ʱ򣬻ĪЩޡ
׼𣿡ѯʡ
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׼ˡʱ򣬶ľĵ˵ͷ潭»ش⡣
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ǵǴŮȿʼģҪŮƽʱϲԵʲôЦʵЦʵҪ֪Щ¶֪Էϲʲô
׵⣬ȴܹڹؼʱֳ˫ǷϸĵĹ۲Էϰߡ
ҲΪˣһϷҪ֤Ǳ⡣
ȻûĻҲ٣ҲǶһѣŬ˵ĹϵԽԽãСϷĿġ
Ķľ鲢ûκεı仯ʮֵѾ˴𰸡
˽ĿǽҲĪһʱ򣬡ϲ⣬ϲףϲԵǲҶ
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ҲΪˣ˶ľ˵Ĵʱ򣬽ʮ־ȡ
ѵӺܾ֮ǰʼѾʼ۲еֲ²⣬ͷһůȻﵱʲôûзһ
˶ľɰɣ뵽µüĿ΢˶


301ºʯ

ʱ˵Ŀⶼ˽µϣÿ˶̽ĿʱЦѯʵСϲԵ𣿡
һֽǸոսдȥģԼϲԵģĽֽ˳ȻԱߵĹڣ˵ǲأ
īˣѴ𰸸ǰɣĹѾȲ֪ͷˣľɺͽһ¹ȥˣλĹھ˭Ҿͺˡ
úúãҲˡεЦЦϵֽ˸棬д֮󣬱ø
ѲǳˣԭЩ涼ΪѾˣû뵽˵ıʵ̫ˡ
˵жҲֻн֪𰸵ǶԵĻǴġ
ؿˣı飬˭Ҳ͸״ôһء
ˣʱ˼˵ȻĻϾʾֽݣּֽʮֺÿҲܹдֵ˻ÿò
һӣ̨´˹ڵľ
벻ǾȻɹˡ
ǿ˵滹мء
ֲ˳Ϊ˶ľɺͽµķ˿ͷβܹɹ
ˣҪˣ˷ʱ䰡˼˵Ŀŷ˶ľɺͽµϡ
Сı飬ӦҲû뵽λ֪ϲЩɣأҲҪһ⣬ǾһҲǣλСʱһأ
֮Щ飬ʵҲһֹͨдٽڸոǸ˵Щѵġ
ڽ˵ȴѣֻ꣬ǶСļʮ˵˵ĹϵҪ˵¹ϵ˵ùϵ
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Ȼ˵һСС飬Ҳ֮乲ͬĻ䡣
һӣֲ֪˵ʲôá
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ͻȻЩпӽãԼ˶ľɣŻᷢô顣
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˵лл˶֮ûһҲ뿪ˣƫƫʱ򣬽µҲü
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ǿɣ뵽ԭĻȽεĽЦ۾ģࡣ
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˵ţľɴӺóһСһ㣬һģýϵ档
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ԴӺͶľɵĹϵһ֮󣬶Է̬ȾͱøһԸָɣ⣬ǡ
ȻҲ͵ԣÿ͵ԶܱľɴţϷ˶λһ㡣
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СӿģΪʲôӦĳɷΪԼҲǸ¶ô飬вŻѹϣ˺á
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Ϊʫʱ֮Ի鱦ƸȤΪǸԺǸŮᣬģãԼԶһˡ
Ск˵֮ЩȣԼĲ˽µߣ㣬벻ǰǹ¶Ժѽ
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ΪʲôСкľҲ֪һԭġ
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304½ȥĶ

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305µ֪ȥ

ڶľɲЩ飬ΨһĵľǽµĶֻʲô顣
ھ͸ңȻϾͿԴ绰ȥ顣ȻƽʱٳȥֵطǶСкְҵ˽ˡ
Ȼְ֪ҵȻԼĹأҽ׵ĸ˵ˣ㲻ҵĻԺ󲻽㲻ܹˣļҲ˽35ġľɵʮ棬ѡ
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˺һŲĶ
ôˣԼŮӣȵĿŶľɡ
֮ǰڶľľйദǻˣҲỳɽ±ΪΡ
ҽȥ棬Ȼ󱻻˸ûгʲô鿪ʼѾȥҽԺһ顣ľ˵尢ҪúϢȻҽȥҲ٣úϢһɡ
ÿᵽµʱ򣬶ľɵͻһж
һԱߵĽ󺣣˶׶ľɵ˼
úúİɣһչ˺ģ컹ˡЦ˵˶ľɵߣСĽ˷䣬·˴ϡ
ĶڶԴԼıһ
Ҳʮֲã벻㻹ȥ棬ҲǸ⿪⣬ǲԱ˵
˵飬˶̲ס̾һƽʱ³󣬸Ͳ֪ΰοԼŮ
ƽʱҪʲô˵һȥݣȻȴûκεİ취
˵ĶľɵĶ΢΢˶٣Ȼĵ˵ͷӦ
Ҫ鲻õĻǾͿԸ˵
˵˼䣬û뵽ȻӴĲ࣬һͽٴζڶľɵ̬Ƚ˸ı䡣
ԭΪģƽʱԼŮҲرã벻ȻҲһ档
ڽ»ûѹľҲԸӶ˴˸к֮Ҵææ뿪ˡ
Ҫȥ˭Խ顣
·עⰲȫۿŶľ뿪͵ſڣ˵һ˵ͷûлͷﵹʮ⡣
󺣰㿴ӻʮֲġЦ˵ĽҲĵ˵ͷ
ǰ


308𽥻ů

ܲð칫
һʮڰ칫ԣǱ촽ţ޳ָʱʱطϵϣֻ˼Щϣû֪ʲô
ȻǶϼŵܲãľɡ
Դӽ֮󣬶ľɵرĲֻüͷţʲôֻһ룬һֻˡ
ԬȥǱߴ죬˻еڶжľĶŵ绰ͷ˷Ը
ǵ绰ͷƺһ£ȻѸٵĻشǡ
Ը֮üͷǽš漴򴰻˫Զ
ֻǱ߹һ˿Цκ˶˺µһë˭ǧǧ򱶵Ĵۡ
ĳҽԺ
ʱĽѾˣֻ΢΢۾ʶ´䣬䲻ĵط
ȫһƬɫ䶼ҩζϸ¿ϻһƿҩˮЩҽԺֵ豸Ѿ֪Լ
ֻԼΪʲôҽԺ˭ģΪʲôˣ
ϸĻţȴԼĴһƬհסţͻȻԺһʹ
ʹ˫ֱԴİԼԴֻܻʹ
ʱһСʿˣѾѣ߳лţҽҽСˡ
ֻææǰ̨һ۾ҽ˵˵
ôô磿ҽ۾֮С
Ұҽҩùֻ˫ֲŶת󣬽µĲȥ
һ߸ԬҲѾҽԺǰ̨Ļʿ˽µĲţŵݳµĲȥ
ڡ
Сиоʲôĵط𣿡ҽ֪ڵЩʲôֻתͷĽ˵
ãҡҡͷͻȻԴﴫһ档
ǻʾΧţǼ˵ıǳȻôܲǵİΧ˶ľɵӰӣĽ֣ȴԴһʹ漴˹ȥһ㷢ԼҽԺˡ
ûеĻǲ޴󰭣ֻҪϢˡҽԼĺõĶϣȻԸ
ߵߵ
ʱһվŵ˱ǶľɹԬ
ҽȻתͷ˵
Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴⣬һ浽˭ˣ
õ˵׼Ԭش˲ţȻֱߵµǰ
ˡԬĻһ
˾Ԭһ˿ӽôˣľǱû齻𣿡
ܲ㣬߱İȫԬʵĻشš
ȻСļˣȻͿ԰Ժˡҽ˵֮һԬת߳˲Ԭͽˡ
ԬһɻĿŽ£ƺǸҽΪʲô
ʼʾҲ֪ΪʲôҽŹֵúܡ
ޣԬΪʲôҽԺòǶľɰİɣʱĽѾ֪ʼĩǲǶ˲δȷڲŻ˵Ԭ
飬Ԭһ˿ϲ֪ܲһУһῴġ
ʵԬ㵸İͽ˵һ飬ȻʵİѶľôǼ˵ģôͻ龭ͨͨ
ԭƵĵͷһĻȻ
Ԭͷ˼ľ⼸״Ԭʵĸ
ȷϹûʲô֮˾һ˳Ժ
ѾˣٵĻôµҵͲˡ뵽⣬±֪ԼһĿˡ
¸˵ˣҪȥϣҪšԬʾǶľɵΥҲΣֻš
Сʱ֮
»صĹ˾յ˲ͬµĹģоͲȱĪӷ
»ˡĪӷ´£Ȼһ
¶һ׼ЦݣǳǳЦţҪٲĻĳ˻ҳˡ
Ȼ˵һ仰Ա߼ͬ±Ц
˭ҰǵĽС˰ǵѿɶǶǿء
ǰǰ
ԱǼͬȻ֪˵ĳ˭Ҳҵ˵Ǹ˵֣ǸȽϹŹֻ֣н²ס
ʱһĻһŮӳ˹űΧסĽ£һӴҵ˭أԭǵĽС㰡
˱


309¹ϵǢ

ϣ˳ͦ˳
ղŸպÿĪӷɣô˧ĪӷɣԼʲôʱ񶼲ã䳰ȷ
ǵƳһۣŤͷȥˡ
¿ϵͼˣһЩüͷ塣
ͼܾĶһЩ⣬ǣ벻ףĶأ
𿴵¸ղǱԼӷߺޣŮˣڲҲƽƽһ
ΪԼǶľҵĴСأ
ߣԼһҪ취žױݵϿžȻЩŤ
˺ܾãûκ˼·ӰĶAαȥˮ䵹ȡ
һһ߿ʲôµ˼·УܾԼҪץסеСβˣǾ벻
ߵ𣬿Žȥ˲ˮ󣬱͵͵˽µλϡ
ͷҲˣؿ˿ܣֲûˣŽµİ칫ϵͼֽ
Ƿߺ޵Żһ㣬ͼˣ
ˮ촽΢΢͸¶˿˿Ĺ죬ǲ۾΢У볰
ǣ£㲻ǣһͼأ
ʲô
յ˿ȻĽ£ͿԼͼһһ̶
ңҹͼƵôˣܸܲ𣿡
Žµ£治ʱ
ͬʱҲһԼڣһܳϣˣԼڹ˾žʹȥ˰ɡ
ںڵӹһתԭı˲úǲá
Ŷʲô𣿡
¿ǸﳰЦȴûб¶ǶŮ˺ܶľġ
ԺԼһҪעˣ
ûûУͦõģ
ϽЦЦЩ飬ղŻԽ䳰ȷʱһ㡣
ɣæˣ
˶٣֮һˣڽ¿Ľҧ
壡
»飬ֻ𣬿˿ֻĻ
ιʲô𣿡
Ǹˣʵ
°ȥ㣬飡
°¥µ㣡
ľɼҪСԵ˵󣬱عҵ˵绰
ʵľǲϵģǺ½¾ܾԼǸԼѾϵСŮˣľɻЩ
»ʲô£ܾǣܿ˶ơ
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ΪĴڣⶰ¥°˵Ŀ⣬ЩŮ˵Ŀж˾ޡ
ңȻһλĸīɫĳĳõŮߵľɵԱߴڨ
ľɾֱԼ߹˳
˳˾Ҳû˵
¿Ϥ·һ
ǽضľҳԷ
ľںӾпµı飬˵
Ҳȥһȥ
ǸңԼʱ򣬲ȥȥӦҲʱ
ܾЧ
ľɰԵ˵ˣǿŽһʹ࣬ﲻһۡ
㣬רŸ㰮Եģ
ľһ͵ȻģԼȥ
һ뵽ǸԼر谮裬һ
ȴҲûпܣҺº͵ţȴûٿڡ
¿ųʻľңﻹЩš
ߣ
ľͣ˳ｭĵش򿪳ţذȥľҡ
磡
һţľϿ˶ľɣŰરવ
ľϵټЦڿ֮һӽסˣɶŮˣô
ľߺ޵ţϣҲһܿ컹¶õЦݣЦݳ˴а
½Ҳˣӭ½أ
ľ꿴ľŵĽµ֣ӵļǺ޽ˣŮˣԼĸ磡
ԼԼĸ硣
ˣ
ʤڳæϴܳг˾ϲ
ʤһͿ˽£Լ۰ôõŮ˺ܶˣ
!
֪ڵĽµ֣ʤΪ˲ýܣĵĽĸһ¶
ڷϣʤĵһֱδ¼вˣһٷԵĺǿġ
극ֻطľɿ˿µɫͼ˵һ£Ž³š
ĵİͻ˼ҡ


310¿粨

극֮󣬾ܽѾ뿪ľ껹ǶĴ١ǵ֪ľѾչ¶Խ²ϲ£Խº޵ˣҴεʤҲʮֳ谮¡
ľζʲʱûʲôΪѽ£ֻʱա
Ҳɲ飬żȻ֮£ľ֪µ˾ǳˬ£ǣľһµ뷨
ĳ°֮͵͵ҵ˽йΪԷһľ껹ѡһεĿҲԼЩװϳûʲôؼǲϣбڴ·ϳǿɾͲ̫ˡ
ǡ°ͱ⧲£ɷ˵İһİĵطЩˣڿװīĶľ͸ˣܵĸߵȽء
㡭˭
ûдŵʻľֻժԼī
ȻľΪľҵǧ£û̫ʶԽµԹޣ֪ǶľҵĴСʱȻȥˡ
ľС㣡
ԣҲȻʶľꡣ
ľԼһ¶ͱϳԵ൱ģŮЦЦ˵Ȼ֪ңҲͲϻֱӿżɽ˵ˡ
Щ±ƣȻ֪Ƕľ꣬ڶľЩʲôȴһ֪
֪㿴ˬ¡
һ仰ʱֻԴȻըˣȷὭûڹ˾ҲûҪôԼڽµֵµĻ˶óˣͽֱӹϵĶľô˵Щŵġ
Ļţľ΢΢һЦôţҲġֻǾãȻĿͬôǻһ£Ҳδɰɣ
ľ˵λȻǰĻŶʱŮ»ЦӭϰĶŶľ˵ǶľС㡭Ҫʲô
ҼǵڲڸһҪļ𣿡ľԽ˵ԽǶŮ˺ݺָ߬Ǹ͵ߣҲŶˣǻܰ
ɽ¸Ҫˡ
ԭļ֪Ϊ¶ŭɶĺԭ˵õĺĪϼҪ˾޶⳥ⱾǸҪĺĪϼΪ˸شľʧ̸ܲҪ֧⳥ȻĪϼ˵Ⲣ֧ۣ׻ʧ˾
ôϣһλİָpptϵĲʧݣŭɶĺͲӦðôҪ齻һŮ˵ϯʦҲδᣬĳЩ˸µΣô
˵ûһλ긾Ů΢΢üͷҵͲͬ齻죬ڹȻô顣
Īӷɽ˫ȭŽ»ôģҾǻˣǡ
ĪܣǰǸµٴθҪˣֻΪʱǶԹ˾Ϊκ޾ǵȷѡǲи˵˵ˣֻǿǱˣ
ûĪܡҲŸε飬Ҫǲѽ¿˻ʵû취һ˵
Ҳͬ⡣
޳ɡ
ԲЩŬˡ
뿪
»Աһ𣬳Īӷ˼ԼͬıʾҪ£ı£ĪӷɣҲ޷һ֮תơ
˽ȭͷŽµģɹȴ޼£»˲š˾Ҳţһ֮޷֣֮£˲òӦ»Ҫ
ѵĿ˵
á
˾
ʰԼƷ˾ÿ˿ʱ֮ǰϵΣ񶼻ýºʧ䣬Ұٷ֮ȷԼȷûļ˵ʲôǶˡ
ʱ֮ǰΪιϵ˶٣Էûϣôιϵͻ׾ٵһЩѣͬѧϵˣְϵˡ
װԼӻ߳˾̲ס̾һҲʱӭһͬ£˾֮ǰ˵ԵˣȴӶ˽ʱ򣬽Сֹ
ޣ֪֪治֪ģΪԼǸˡ
仰¸ʧˡ


311ȶľ

ۿŽߵԽԽ⣬ĪӷȻҪæȴΪ
Ͼ˾һģܶ鶼ҪͨͬſԣڵȷΪǱߵĺͬʧŵ¹˾ʧ˲ٵӯ
һʮҪ飬Ƿڱ˵ϣҲضǿŽµͲ顣
ûߣǾߡ˾Ǽɶڵ˵ĿȫĪӷɵϡ
ϿҪͷûʵʵá
һУµøǵҪ뿪ȴҲûκεİ취ĪӷӣԽѹ
Ҫſʾ뿪ʱĪӷͻȻ̧ͷ˵黹ûеǲӦ¶ۣ˵ˣΪϯʦǹ˾ҲǵңǲԲ£ҲԲЩϲƵķ˿
˵Īӷüͷûκεİ취ֻʹû֮ƣϸϸ˼Ӧν⣬Ųý
ԣԱߵƺھ뷨Ŀԡ
Ҳ֪顣üͷؿˡ
Ļһڵһʱϴ󣬶һֱ粵ԭ޹ء
˾ˣ㻹˵ûйϵ֪ĿжҪ𣿡Աɫѿû˵ʵĪӷɰŽ˵ʱоͲˬ
ǰû˵ʦ֣û뵽¾ȻͻȻ״³ΪϯʦֻĻġ
Ϊ뷨ʼն¡
һӾýӲĪӷɽĿڽµϣĿ鶼ʮָӡ
ǲԵĻ˵Ҫúõһ¡˵Ȼ֪ܲܵٸʱ취ҲǺõġ
֮ǰ͵˼ˣǲûзκε쳣ԲŻпǽԼͬй¶ȥˡ
ȻҪûô򵥡
ԭҪߥ޹˾ģЩ¾ܾĪӷɵ飬һ֮ǴӦ
ϾµϯʦǷǶʮҪݡ
Ȼ㶼˵ˣҲһΣϣҲҪϾôһ˾ΪһϯʦͰĴڡ飬˵óҲΪ˹˾濼ǡ
Īӷֻܴ֮Ӧڻɢ֮ǳĿźԼͬеĽ£Բ𰡣Ҳûʲôð취
û£ҲܹģϾҪǷϣ˵Ҳûа취ԣ²ԱߵĪӷεЦЦԼҲ׵˭Ҫݺ
𵰸ûҪ
ӷ飬ΣΪʲôӣ
ĿģΪ˱ˣ֮ҲǶϯƵλãȻֵĶȹԼδƫƫˡ
Ľ˵Ļ뿪ҲУ޾֮·ֹҰοҲǸɵӣȻ׽飬ȫϣԺ˾ȥЩ˾쵼Ҳỳ
ֻ߾ȥ˾ҲὫ˾ĺͬ¶ȥ
ʵһʮ̵ֲ飬Ϊһ쵼ߣ󲿷ֵ˶ѡ
ĪӷɵȻҲס
΢΢̾һĿüᶨģһ뵽취ģȻģͲܵԩ
Ժǲ뵽˭ֻǿǳӣЩðˡ
ҲҪ̫ѹˣһõġ
š΢΢ͷӦֻ鲢ãӹ֮ûȥ˭ֻһЩõ飬ǳѵı׶
ΣʮָлһٸһȻͿԼĳܵǴܵͷԼԭݣõƽ
Īӷɷֿ֮һ˻صԼİ칫ңû뵽ǣƽʱԼʮֽЩˣ֮һֵ
ڿһһ
Ųţû飬ԶϵġɫȻĿǣ˵һ֮󣬱¿ʼԼĹ


312ĮЩ

ΪʲôҪ˵һ䣿ΪԼ˽ͣҪЩˣ̬ȡ
ģǾһǹ˾˿ȥģΪľҪݺˡ
ԭΪȥˣȥҪｫһĹ꣬Ǿ˲Ҫˡ
Ӵ飬㻹˼ԹԵ˵ЩԴǵĻѲɾΪǻ㣿
ڽ˵ʮֵϤΪ̧ͷȻͿŭݣ߹
ΪģҿһֱĽ͡»˵ջԼĿ⣬װʲôûзһ㡣
Ǻǣ˵ģͲģ֤ݿɾͰǰˣ㲻ҪˣΪµĺǻ˲ٵʱ䣬ܶͬºܶాҹӰˣ˵û˾ûˣΪ㣡ߵ˵֮е˼ƺΪЩͬ´򱧲ƽ
Ȼֻ˵ˣ֮ԱߵЩ˶ͬĵ˵ͷһһĲС
˵ĶѽôֻΪԼһ˵棿أ֪Ϊҵ˷˶ʱ;ھΪ㡣
仰˵ʱ򣬹Ȼв˿ʼһһؿ߽£һ·ʸ֮أĳΪǸµˡ
ûС
ʲôҲû
ʲôûȴҪеЩĪеΣĪеǴΪʲôвʹ죬ȻûзйĵطԱЩͬĮƽЩЦģͲһȺһ㡣
ˣۿŽµɫԽԽѿӣûĿǰˣΪûпˣΪͬ⣬һжҵΣ
Ҫҿ϶кַܶȴѡ޴ķ˵꽭ͻȻñһᣬƺۿת
Щ˿˵Ǹˣˣֻлʮʹɣ
뵽⣬ϽͷװʲôûеӣĲٳ˹ȥһ㣬˵ˡ
һֱȽԼ˲棬±Ų̲סûа취ȥЩ飬ôͬݣȴܹҡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪԴңӣԼԴֱ֮УѹĲС
ĪӷɣҲʹ죬ӽ˰칫֮󣬱һֱⲽ취ֻһƷ
вУ취İ취С߶ţϾ֮ǰҪ뽭˾ģܵȻܹ׵뿪
ȻǻһӣԼþ˺飬ԭˡ
ʱǰһԺͻȻֳһ˵ӰǶľɡ
Ǹ䵭Уܹÿһֵ鶼ʵûа취һὫڶľɵϡ
ϾľɺͽĹϵҲ׵ģԴӲÿʼ֮һֱϲµĪӷɣϾһֲõԤС
ܹｭµæԸȥҶľɡ
ڵĶľɣ֪ߵ˾һҪ̸ǰŽµһʱ䣬ҪĺͬͶ
ƫƫʱ򣬵绰Խֵֻ࣬ʱԺеһʱ뵽ľǽ¡
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ĪӷˣǲôϲģϾ֮ǰΪ˺˽ºܶˡ
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Ȼ仰ľɷпŵĺͬ΢΢üͷҲԽ
ʲôˣ΢΢۾֮ЩΣգԭҪýԼĹ˾ġ
ֻǿԸ⣬ߣĪӷɵĹ˾ҲʮֲģҲû뵽龹Ȼӡ
ңǳȥϸ顣
ľҲ˲ԱԼװףϣҴҳ˳ȥ
Ԭû뵽ľɻͻȻԭ͵͵һֻȴͻȻֵĶľһϽվܲãʲôҪȥ𣿡
Ϊ飬Цݶֺ
Ķ̫죬һлǱľɿǰƽʱضҪúõѵ⼸䣬û飬һŽ£Ȼ飬ҪʱҵϢ


313³Ի

˵ľջԼĿ⣬ŵݹȥͷҲûء
һֱľ뿪ԬĿ⣬һЩͣû뵽ľɱӡ
ѲΪСʲôˣɻѯʣεҡҡͷʲôûзһ㡣
ӦþˣΪ˽µ飬ƺûΪæµ
Ҵææӣ¶ڶľɵջʮִѽ
ڵĶľɣû˼Щ飬Ž£ղŴĪӷɵĿдŵ֪˽쵽׷ʲô飬ܵЩίʱоʮߡ
ŮӣھȻܵί
ģϾˣ㡣ڳϵĶľüͷĳúܿ죬ֱĪӷԼĵطȥһһĪԱߵĿȹݡ
ȵ˿ȹݣһװ첽˳ſȹ￴һۣͿ˴ԱߵĪӷɣĿԣ첽˽ȥ
˵ɣʲô飿ʱĶľüͷࡣ
֮⣬˫ƺЩ
㱭ȣĸ˵飬ûô򵥡Īӷ˵ҲǺ֮ǰʲô飬ΨһĿľǰ¡
ҲܣʱԸԸҵĹ˾ȥǣһί뿪
Īӷ˵ţԼǰĿȣһڣԱߵķԱ˸кзòع˵˶ľɵǰ
һ࿧ȡľɿҲûֱ˵
ȷ뿪֮˵ֱ˵ɣҪôһί
ˣľһε̬ʮ棬ĪӷҲ֪һ飬ʮżԲҵһӣͽ췢ȫг
ո˵̧꣬ͷͿľɵ飬ЩһЩĬ鲢ý˵Ҳˡ
ģֻҪúǣʱһжûһĪӷɾȵĿг˵ƺѾ뵽˽İ취
Ȼڱ˵ϣĪӷҲ᲻ţǴӶľɵĿ˵һܹ
áĪӷɵͷ˱Էֿˡ
Ͼûжʱ׼ˣѾüûһͷ
ǴͷβѴʮֵ绰ϰ߰һС
ҰЩ鶼
á
ȻЩ齭¶֪飬ֻۿŵ°ʱ䣬ƽʱΪ鱦ƵʱҪ°࣬ǽһʱԼİ˰칫ҡ
ǿⲻȥЩ˵Ŀ⣬ǰ칫ЩͬԭĿ⣬Թͺ⣬Ŷ̶̼Сʱʱͱӣʵǽܲˡ
ոճ˰칫ң˹˾磬һӾȻ֪ȥʲôطǾߣ鸴ӣһӻؼҡ
ƫƫʱһɫ˹˹ͣǰȥģҪȻҴȥط
ҡ֮󣬳ǰľǶľӢ˧ӣһ䵭ı飬˲٣¿Ŷһʱĳ
߾Ϳˡ˵û˼˶ľɵĳͲκοǵʱ䣬ľְܹɡ
ո˸ʻ͸ܵԱ˵Ŀ⡣
ôͻȻˣµ鿴óЩͳɻĲٶĿ֮ˣе˼ֻ֪顣
֪ڹ˾﷢飿˵һʵĻ˵һ϶䡣
еһ˴𰸣
ҲǸող֪ãģҵȻģһ˾ĺͬˣҲκε˼Ҫ͵˵ľš
ӿЦ˵ˣھͲҪЩˣ֮ǰ㲻˵Ի𣿿ΪһЩ鵢ˣýпգԴȥ
ľɵ죬ǽףǹοԼġ
Ϊʲô΢΢üͷЩɻѯʣֻǻûеľɵڶߣȻҴȥԷԷʱ򣬾ͲҪ˵Щڹϵ⣬أ
˵ҲڿЦԣ΢΢˶٣ĵ˵ͷȻһжǶľΪá
á΢΢ͷӦȻתͷĿķ羰ϣѾ٣طѾ˵ƣġ
ţµ΢΢ţ˼һ±ó


314һ

벻ҪҲûô򵥡ʱͻȻпһ䡣
ǰʵҲûô򵥣һĶ棬Щ綼ûĽӴ
ҲΪˣĪ˵ı֮ŻѡãҽԼһ㡣
֮󣬲ŷʵûôס
µĸпľɵø
ԭֻϣܹĻ֮һֱ봿࣬Ȳûô򵥡
ֻܹһЩ˽⵽Ҳһֲѡ
뵽ջԼ˼
ģһᾡԼȫġ
һ仰˵֮˶ĬˣµҲǲţֻ仰ʱĪЩпƺûһ˶˵Ļ
š֮΢΢˵ͷӦһ䣬СɶľɻҲú˲١
֪ȥ˶ãӲһһͣ³֮΢΢̧ͷϸ˻ģװꡣ
ȻֻݲݵĿһȴҲܹһ겢װ޵ĴϵΣ濴ʮְĻ꣬һͨͨĻ꣬ûʲôͬĵط
ΣζʮֲԽԡľЦ˵µֿ첽Ż˽ȥ
ˣǽԼҲΪʲôͶľһʱͻĪ޲ýе鶼ˣзĳǵһɶȫԺ
ҿҪúóĿζ׺һһ˵ŽսʤԼĳȻЦĵ٩
Ľ¶ľ΢΢㶣Ҳú˲١
֮Խ콫´һҲΪ֮ǰԻԼҪָܹһֱ
ˡ
òһλ֮˵˲ٵĲˣѾĽз¶֮ԺȻЦеصȺŷһһĲ
Ҫ˵ǺþûгһٴˣҪԺö⣬Լ³ŶľЦЦ۾Ŀžһʮֺÿ
Ľ¶ľɵͷЦЦԶҶ𡣡
̶̵һ仰ȴ˵Īů˵ûǲ֪Ϊʲôȴϲ
һٻ˶ԵʮֿģŹڵգգ۾֪ΪαһᣬƺҪᡣ
סˣӲĽ˻ȥ
ôˣľüϵĿӣŶŮ۾ģʮֵĿۡ
ԣϽҡҡͷװʲôûзӣһЦݣû£еᡣ
˵ľоѾ׹ʲôһ£Ǳϻ΢΢˵ͷʲô鶼ûз
һٷԵúܿ죬ǳȥʱܶúڰ
ǽĵƹ⣬ֻǿʱ·
ϳؼҡľ潭´򿪳ţƵһ˳
ȻŸոչȥǵҹĪЩ⣬´˸Ͻ˳
ϻЩ䡣΢΢۾濴һۡ
ֻĶľɲûлشЩɻתͷȥŷֶľһֱڶ
ôˣѲûвɾ˵ţЩ˼ЦЦڳӵĺӾϿ˿Լ沢ûκεĶࡣ
£ǰ׵ʱ㲻ŵĻҸ㣬ϲ㡣
ʱ򣬶ľ˵
ӣûȽ»شԼ˵Ļ˵಻ЩһҪ㣬ǰҵȷ˶¶û飬֮ҲŷҲһ档
֪ΪʲôЩʱ򣬽оȻЩĪĸж
ƺҪ˵ʲôǵͷһ仰˵
ΪʲôôãʵЩʲôأ˵µ飬΢ЩΣ˵֮ǰľɽӴЩȫΪЩԸ˵
Ϊڶľɵĸ鲻֪ʲôʱʼƺʵˡ
˵ĻǼٵģѯʵ˵ʱЩ
ƭ𣿡ľɵ棬˵ٻ
˵ˣͲҪ˵ٻ
ԣգգ۾ʮָжûһôҲֹס
ҸͲֵϲҡҡͷʮģһȷʵôõˡ


315Ұ

ƺû뵽ͻȻ˵Щľ΢΢㶣ȻЦҡҡͷΪʲôֵã
ǰĸ²˲ϵۣ棬ᡣ
ֵá
ĸý̲סı޳ƺΪԼܵίߣ۲ѡ
Ľ£ľһʱ֮Ҳ֪ӦǺãԴˣԺһ㿪ĵġ
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ã²ŻӣĲ˲Լᡣ
ҴӦ㡣ĿĶľɣһεӣȴޱȵϡ
˵ЩεЦЦЩɰԭñڵģ£
˵ţü
Ц͵סʵڸոѾˡжڶľҲûиоȻˣ¸һθһôˣ
ƺû뵽¾Ȼͬ⣬һʱ֮ЩӦȻϽ뻳УһԶãԶ
⻰˵֮ڳϱ˺ܾãľɲ˸߲ҵĽ˻ȥ
¥£￴ǰĽ£ҽȥ˾ϰࡣ
Ц˵ֻǽϽߣһʱ֮侹˵һ仰
һֱϰࡱֵʱԭ˵ͻȻʧϰ𣿻Ϳˡ
˵ţεҡҡͷһ֮ԼƽˣЩ˵ɡʱ䲻ˣҲӦȥˡ
ЩǣǿɻǾԼһЩ
е鶼õģҡƺǿ˽µʮֵĵͳ˵һ䡣
Žµ鲻֪Ǽ٣ŻΣľҲںԴȥɣҿȥ뿪
ᣬȻ˵²֪Ϊʲô˵ŵĵ˵ͷ
˻֣Ȼת¥˹ȥʵǳûͷһǸˣ΢΢Щġ
ֻûԥΪ֪ľɲԼ뿪ǲ뿪ģ󼸲ߵʮּᶨ
¥͸¥Ĵ濴һۣŷվ˶˳ӷҲƵĿ˳ȥ
뿪Ӱ²һȻתԼļҹȥ
ҲԸ빤飬ͽ󺣵ʱ򣬱
ѾͷôˣƺЩ˰ЦſԼŮƺܾûôĹˡ
ҽиҪ˵
ͽɻʱ򣬽²Ž췢ǡ
ʲôԣȵؿŽ£һˣ
ʣĪ裬Ҹһ𲻺𣿡̽գգ۾
ȻĸⲻΪͽ˵һ仰ı䣬ֻ˵ܹõĸֲ֧òġ
û뵽ǣϽҡҡͷĲУ˵ʲôأһֱǸͦõģһҺֿĶ
һ˵жеο
õԼ֧֣ͶľһҲԽ
ϴ֮صԼķ䣬û뵽ʱܹӵľɴĵ绰˺һ֮󣬲ŹҶ˵绰һϽ˯ʮ
ڶʱ򣬾֮ǰľɴӦһո¥¥Ѿгڵˡ
ϳҴȥ˾һľڳӵĺŽĽ˵
ǰ濪Ԭڽ½ʱ˸к
ʲôΪʲôЩûҲܹҵʲô֤ԩҡ˵
û뵽Լ˾鶼Ҫľɹæû黹Ҫʦڡ
ʵְǰǲ취Ļֻһֱȥ
Ҫݺ㣬ͱȻ򵥡ģЩ鶼ѾˡľЦ˵Ȼ´˽һûг緹
ûüͳˡЩε˵ģƫƫʱ򣬶ľɴԱóһͣʲôУžʮӪ
ҲЦŽ˹ζʮֲ
Ȼոյ˹˾ûһԭҪ뿪Ķľɣһκͽһ˳
߰ɣҸһȥ˭۸㡣˵ߵ˽µߣߴӰʮаȫС
ҲΪ˵ĳֽ½˹˾֮ͱ·ͬ¸עԿ֮ʼյһ


316´

ǸˣǸ˲ǶľŵܲҿڵϿöˡ
ҵţ벻Ȼô˧ܲöҪ
Ȼ˾ǸŮһˣ⵽ôһ£
¶ߴľЩ߰ûס΢΢üͷɾʱԵͻȻִļϣһӽ˵Ĺϵ¶˳
ʱǿ˿ɲáգգ۾Ȼ۲ûвԸڣǣ̲סĳһ
Ҳ֪ǻô۸㡣ľɻ˵Žһ˵ݡ
ȻѾ˵ĵֻһĶѾˣӦ顣
ȵ˻ңգգ۾һľǣЦݡ
飬Թô𣿡𿴵ոսĽ£û˵飬֪顣
ԣ̧ͷһۣں
߽ʱֵ˻˵ע
ľܲã˵ʱЩˣһĶ
ôˣ
ľܲãȵǸڿʱоʹ˼֣벻¾Ȼ˹Լ
˵ǵģڷۡľ߽һмĪӷɣ˵ͷǴ˸к
ȻһԣƺûҪе˼
ڽλãƺΪľɾԱߵԭ浹ǵ˲٣˵ɣǵǸʲô
֮󣬵óĽǣϵĺͬûбȴʱԭʱҲֻԼȥ
һ˵˼¼񣬹棬ȷʱм˹ȥûκ˶Ƿݺͬǹʱ˭ҵܹһ
ԣĿż¼ȻԼҲ֪Ϊʲôӣܹȷһ˶Ƿݺͬġ
Ǽɶһһľǣ㲻ʺǹ˾ȥϯʦǹ˾ҲܲΪ
֮һ˵ۡ
ԱߵԭΪľɻæû뵽ֻ￴ںȻˣµ¶ľɺǸһϲ°ɡ
£㻹ʲô˵ģ˵üŽµﶼơ
Ҫûʲô˵ģ͸Ͻʰʰ˰ɣǹ˾Ҫ˻ˡ
ûԴʼҶϡĿᶨ˵
һл˵Ϊľɲ˵ʱͻȻվߵ˵ǰ
ԣ¶üͷľܲã˵˵Ҳǹ˾Լ飬Ҫ룬Ҳðɣ
ôû˰˵ҾͲ𣿡˵ľջԼĿ⣬һ䣬Ԭ
ԣһֱԬҴææ˽е̲Ļϡ
ֻ֪칫ҵļ¼ȴɱɱطġҵҪǵǹӻΪ֮ôǴľˡ
ľɵͳ˸Ͳҷ
ĻϿʼŹ˾طļ¼񣬻й˾ļ¼ֳ˼Ļ˹ۿ
ͳͳֵһ˵Ӱģ͵͵ģֹ
ŵľ֮ǰ¶ȥһݺͬ
Щм֪ǾȵĲУôһ£
¼治ûôһ£
ǸͲ飬ֻǸ¼⵷֪𣿡ԬûĿǣùļ¼ûлѶٵ˼ͿԲ鵽ˡ
⻰һھȻûһ˵
Ҫ뿪Ը˵ľŷǳӭĵľ΢΢Ȼ˽ԣץס֡
˲ϡ㣬ϡ㡣˵ŽͷҲص뿪һν²ûз
ҧҧתͷĪӷɵʱ˵ͷ
ȻʮֲҪ뿪Ĺ˾һֱݺȥҲǰ취뵽Īӷ΢΢˵ͷҲʮοõİ취ˡ
ֻǿ˵ӰҲ뿪üĿ΢ε̾˿
ڿЩ£Īӷûˣڸ˵Ǿڸղţù˾ʧһ˲š
˵ջԼĿ⣬ͷҲûص˳ȥ
ˣһνûǾͺá


317ǲ

߽ͣԶMĪȴûجج
ưУƹҫĵǿңʹҹȴȻȺĪŽ¶ȹڿҵȺ趯ò
ĪĪѷؼߣֻסĪĸ첲󺰣Ƶ绰ġ
ΧӣĪһϣüôˣ
Ƶ绰Ѵߣظһ顣
磿
ĪһϽֻȷʾ̨
ȣˣҵʰ
㲻𣿷ʲôˣȺ
ûʲôҵȻѧУˡĪ嵽ſڣ紵ʹ˸
Īͷʱشţŭһܻȥץסȵȣһţס
Ƚ׵ݸüЦ㲻ǻ˵ҵôͻȻתˣ
䣡ĪͣùױѧУȥ
ƵţĪͣѧУͼ¥£Σڿһ鼮ѧģˡ۾һܹȥ˵ļ򣬡һ¡
ʲôǶ㶡
ңһͻ㣡
ĪֻһеĿαֻҵ·ͷŽ绰
磬ôˣ
ƵǱߣĪӷɿһ㲵ģüôڲŽӵ绰
ͼߣǶŻ̽ͷȴĪһ۵ɻȥйֱ׳رĿαسԱƶʧЦ
磬ҸմͼݳĪ̧̧α˸Ƿһֻû
ģĪӷɽŽɣʲôʱѧȤˣ
ʲôѧ
Īһ㶣ͷ˿αŷԼʲô顪շƵ硷
еǶһۣתͷڰؽ͵ңҷֺܶѧͨѧ֡ѽ˵ˣ磬ʲôң
û¾Ͳܴ绰ˣĪӷʧЦ
ʵͻһ£MûкúѧϰڿȷʵиĹµ뷨
ҲãԼҲþˡ
ôءĪĬһֿڣ磬ڹôˣ
䡰ǡа˭Զ
ĪӷϵЦ΢΢װģ߻˾ǩ˼ӣǰûʲô𡣡
ѽ磬Ҳ˼Īż˵ɸ磬ôأ
ԣĪӷ˲㻹ģľɿĪҵû׷ΣҷѾĻѧȴ뺦Ī𣿡
ʲô£ôһ˵ĪߣҪ־͹ֽ£ڻǷϯʦʫ˻ô£
Īұ죡ĪӷҹԹԵشMҵ֮ǰ׼عҾð足ʲУҪľˣԶܣ
ҲŲҪĪţشȴǹҶϺġཡҧݺݵضŽš
ʵϣĪӷɵĻĪʮֲмȴ¸ĸ˸Ļʽ𶳽ᡣ뵽ĪǺ޼˽¡ڹʱ䣬ԼʱǱ޲ýǸŮʹǳ޲ýȥ
жľɣֻĪģ
ͬͬѧ԰黹𣿡ǶĪϵСشǰȥ
ԣĪӵݺݵˣʲôѧ
˵ǻǶȴⲻʲôû
عαӵ绰ĳǶȤĪһദģвһ˿
ãҽǶMˣԣǻ𣿡ǶЦŴڨﶼôƯһ
ĿޣĪҲЩѵõͷش𣺡ҽĪԽĪ
Ī֣
ִǶ˵죬ĪЦ
״Ƕտһ˿ɻͷʵôˣҶĲ𣿡
㲻ͱˡĪѧĿԼ֣һЦָǶ̫Цˡ
Ƕл⣬˳סʳָЦ𣿴ΪҲģԽ̽𣿡
˵ţָģǿӲס֣ߣһǡ
Īһ㶣뽫ֳȴΪŭüŭ⣬ʲô˭ĵӣ
M˵ǡǶЦһĪ֣βɿټ


318װʲôŮ

Īˡ
Ƕ˵鱼ŷӵ쾡£áŮɲ洫ĪŪרҵ˶֪׷Īʹʤ
ĪһֱϲľɣǶĿŵ׷ȻΧͬѧĽĿ⣬ȴҲ÷ꡣÿھܾǶܻ˫յ˵ʲôһԶģʹĪ֮ʮá
ƺЩͬǶһû緹Ҳû
ĪȻȴ˵ʲô˰ȵĻʳóԡ
ʳȺĪͰˣֻܶų̾
ĪűӣһȣΪʲôǵʳóԣǳԲ˵˻࣬ҿѧУ濪һϵ꣬ҪҪȥ
ѽǺþûʳˣÿȥԣҲӷְȼһСģǲмȴ뵽ǶֻЦŷС
ĪЦһ´Щ΢ֵİȣ̵˵֮ǰȿԼɣţ
֣˵ġ
Ȼȴ֪˵ĲʲôûȻЩϾǶǮǶ
ҲǣôݣҺĽΥĵؿţȴĪ
ʱֵʳͻȻ֣ƺһźţȺԼͬذóһСôʳôڵĪǰ
ӵĴǱװιģõ壬ƮĲʴڳһͣõһľ޴СϵĲ˵Ѿһд׻ֽϤּ˲Ƕ
УĪ죬ȷ⡭
һ˿ʣӵǰߣȥ
Ī̧ǰÿһһ˽һõݵϣߵǰѾõ塣ΧͬѧĿһ˫˫ͬɫдĽףĪĵõ˼㡣
ߵǰȼɫذõ塣˵УĪֽв𿪡ƮƮ컨ͻȻ¶õ廨ꡣɾУǶͳҳԵ
һμ㣬񶫷һ㣬ƺһˡ
бǶźɫͯеʿһ㣬֡˫տɫʢᣬĪƺ硣
Խ㣬ұԽΪԣ·һ֧Ϊ񡭡Īҵ۾дˡҰ㣡
֣û˵ġһʼŤóһ򣬲ڵ
ۣΧһƬ޵ĻеļʼҪ
һУĪƮ
Ƕ˶е䣬ƤȻȽϰףɼӡθߴ󣬵ΪըʳƷЩ΢΢֡£Ψһܿľ˫տˡ
ľһԱȣǶ·ߵ󡣬Ȼ⡣
һ룬ĪŵĸжʧӰ١
ֻǶô˵ҲԺϵķŻô׷ֺãĪȻϲͷȴʮİõĺá
˿̣ҲԸϾܾǿίǶԲֻúѧϰ
ԣǶһ˿ײİ⣬ЦţûϵҰҵ£ϣšĪҵգܴһԼ𣿡
衱ĪʮãǴ󷢴ȱصͷȻ
Ƕϲ񣬴ĪѶõĲᡣţ¶ˣЧܺãǽΧŻˮīﻹѬ㡣
ĪǶΪ˱ˮ꺮ůʹĪĵ̬⣬ȻҲûǶѹ۵׵ɫ
һˮǣ⼸ձĵ̫ˣĪ˯ֹһûȣڸ.
ǶǹЦ⣬طˮյĪߣظգƣĪǲǺܣҪҵİ𣿡
Īشֽ·
ڳԵζĪβʶʲôʱ߳ŭ̧ҪǶһƣȴץס
ʱǶѻָĿĪüЦ˶𣿡
쵰˭£
ǶЦһղغܣºװʲôŮ


319һ

㣡ĪüͷһšŲұ
ƺڳЦԲǶЦӻֻҵֻʲôöأ
Īɫ䣬㡭Ƶ
Ƕ˸ָƵ㣬ʮأ
ԣĪɫǰܣǳĬ
һξ׸ģǶЦЦĪļʵǰģŻ顣˵ףҵĿľΪΪҵŮѡ
Ī˽ûпǡ
ǶգֵֻҪһұ㲻Ƶˡ߹˹ýñأ
ģĪ΢
ʱ䣬Ƕ׷ûйĶʵϣճưɣЩ˫ɶԵŮŮҲЩį
飬ǶʮϣĿԽԽ
ûǶ˸ʮ֣֤Լľģֻӵ㣬һҲá
黰ȫҡĪľģĬһҧ촽ߵĵͷ
á
ģҵ𣿡Ƕϲ񣬽رĪӦ˶ӵԼ˹˶ģҼֱҸˣлϵۣ
ûг⣬ҴӦһˣĪҪҺŶȻǾͷ֣
ȻǶݺݵ㿪ĵ顭

˵׷ʱ׷ֺ̬ȣĪͬܡ
Ƕһǰ컹ãʱԽ˶̬ȱ㷢췭ظı仯ĪҲֹֻÿһΣǶƵв
ҪǣǶûбʿĻ̺ȾƶĲܣ»üǸһʱĪ㱻Ƕջ»üǣϾܾˡҲûкõȥһ𲻵һ£ĪѾѧ̺ȾƣǶĲ񫡣
󣡡
ССѺҾˣ
֣Īȷѹ󣿡
ȷĪɫǺ죬˫۽ضỴ̂쿪ҿ϶Ѻˣ
ҿã˰ׯһ֣ƿ
Īͷȥġ塢ģ
̫ˣӮˣĪϲǮǮһ죬ӮһΣ
һ˷ܣ˰̾㻹ӮһΣһ䣬ٶȥӶҪݸׯˡ
㻹𣿡Īãѵýӻʵ
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ѾҶϵĵ绰ĪԽԽع񣬷Լ֪ߵţſͣһĦгĪ֪Ƕңˡ
һ뵽ͽµĲ࣬Īеŭڡ̧ŽţǶشЬӣӵͷϡ
ȥˣЩô㣿˺۵Ƕѹֲסŭ𣬡ܻˣǸûõĶ
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ԣǶۣɢΣյϢӣ˵ʲô
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ĪδǶĲԾڲԵܺһңӦÿͷ¹򣬶Ҹж£
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ӣӣȥ


320ֻҵ

Īû뵽Ƕ֣û뵽˵ĺ֡
ǶſңĪҪǶƿأȴӼ˵
ǶĪͷʹ̧ͷŭֵĿ⣬һЦ֣һǶݺݴ¡
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Ī˦ǽǡ
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ĪĻֻƤ˺ڵϡ󣬼ʹǶ̺Ⱦƴܣ¶ԼʵԸĪҲδԼĸ顣Ͼÿ˳ܺԼǸ˵顰Ұ㡱
ĪȻһֱϵľɣǶҲкøС
룬ȱҵȺǶMԼع׷ɸ硣׷֣ҸɽǶˡ
û뵽̫޴
ӣǶͷݺݵǮ𣿸ң
ĪѧˣΡΡصͷУУп
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ڡڴͷĵڶ
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šǶȣĪһǣãҰ㡣
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Ī޹ˣҲûôˣŲᣬί磬ѧУиͬѧһֱңһѧϰܾ˭֪߳ŭֱӽҴһ٣пȥˡ
Īӷ֪Լڹʲôټٲ˵ĪӷУû˼ȥеԷŭǸ˭
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Ī֪˼Ļ¶Цգã磬Һ㰡
״ĪӷҲ˼֮ģְο˼䣬Ҷϵ绰̰ûƱ
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һʱͬѧȻͥô츳ĪҪϯʦ֮λʶͰȽҲûʲô
ƺЩˣǰʹͰѣҲָʹȺĲˡ
Ī绰ǱߴȵǵĪ
ڡĪתת۾һתЦأôˣ
ȳĬһ󣬵绰ǱߴһͺЩŵ𣬴ЩУģʮģ˵˵
䣬ĪһϤѹֵɫʱ԰
Ƕ
ȻԣܿͲ³ǶӦ÷ԼˣðȵնԼ
һ룬Ī岻ɶ˶侲ҵ¾ͻѧУˣ˯ᣬһȥĻ졣
˵գȰȻش𣬱㼱ҴҵعҶϵ绰
صƵڴϣϸʱ侭һСȾƳ̣Ĳ챻ıסĪһж㵽ͷϣǼ˴˿̻ɸһԽԽġ
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321¸Ĺ

MҪʮСʱ
ĪȲ˷ɻһ۱㿴ڴĪӷɣ˷ܹܵȥ磬ôʱ
عæҲ㰡Īӷɽӹ۵ؿϻδϵ˿ڣ˭ôأ
ĪЦˣ磬Ѿعˣκξ𡣡
֪õĹǣĪӷҲٲֻͣʱһ£ǲ֪ߵغСһѵ
ߣĪĪӷɵĸ첲磬λûиҴʲô
ĪӷʧЦ˼ҶǴ㲻һҪ
Īҡҡֱۣе˵˵ʲô
Ҹ㰲˻ع磬󡣡Īӷɹ˹ıӣ˾ͺˣҸ㶨ƵԾȫ
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ĪӷƳһۣ䵭һЩѣºͶľҵˡ
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ʲô
⿪¡ɸ֮ᣬԸƵǸĪͷMʱ䣬룬ǰΪ̫ˣҲ˲Сšλع¿ʼҲɸ硣
ЦһдԶ׼Ĳᡣ
Īӷ̾οôͶˡϺ˶ǣ㷸һϵ˵ˣĪҵŮ˶ҪȢأ
Īǣ⣬ȴȻɫЦţ磬һСأҴȤ

ת۾͵
յ뺯ʱЩԥĪӷɵϣǾȥ
ĪʲôҲ
پƵ꣬ĪлعĵطΪ˲ãĪӷɿνǷһ󷬹ָӼලⲼóĪϲģ
һɫӳֿھƵſͣ£ĪϤĳƺţ۾Цӭȥ
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ʲôɡľɵ«ʲôҩ
벻ͨɴͲˣͷģˮڣҪǶҲʣͱҶ塣
ľɵͷһ˿⡣
ⳡᣬҪֻĪΪʮּǳ½»ˣԸˡ
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Ī죬Աߵˣֹ
Īӷɼ״Цˣ˼ˣߡ
ľ˿ûҪߵ˼³˳·ҸطϢһ°ɣôˣӦòʲô
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á¹ɵصͷ
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ƾʲôֻǸ¼ƽŮˣʲôʸվɸߣ
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Īɫ任βŤŤΪǰΪ˵Բ𡣡
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322

ĪµǸƺĸĹˣһܶû鷳żĪҲЦŴк
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Īӷɼ״ʮοĪãĳЩֵҪҲӦˡ
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ڣ鷿Уľɴ깫񣬱Ž£ӡһһǡ
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󺣳ĬһᣬŮ˵еӦҺʱ䣬ľأҪæĻǿ˳ʱ
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ڣĪȴڵõϢˤ˾ӡ
ȷû
ûľͽҷദغܺãǽˡ
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⻰˵ʵ䵭ЩĪС㣬ȷûŲţԼˡ
˵գش𣬱ϹҶ˵绰
ֻеġཡĪŤ¼ƽȥȥ
£ȥ


323Լľ

⼸ĪɵĴʲô鶼ûΪﲻżǸոջڼһȽϺá
뷨һֱڼдãǵȲˣ͵͵ĴԼ̣ĪӷĶˣټϹ˾飬ʮַæһȥģ˲ٵʱ䡣
žԼԣԭϸƤ滹ܹǰڹܵˣǹȥôãûȬ
Ƕ´θҿ㣬Ҫ뵽ǶʱԼľĪʹ޵ҧҧΪڹ¿ֺڵֵز
ֻиǵǽºͶľ˵顣
һλζǼһ
ľ꣬ľ꣬⼸쵹ǽ˸ˡ࣬˹ڶľ顣
Ȼʱ鲢ûʧǺеĲôһ㡣
ҪԼֻ֣ǵ滹Ҫɺǰһͺûκιϵˡ뵽ЩĪһĨơ
ǺԼȻˣҪȻеӦÿǰʼˡ
ڿʼĻһҲ
еױһµĽԼϵ˺۸ڸǵױȫ֮ĪջԼĿ⣬΢΢˳ȥ
һ»ȻôöԸ
£ҵҪһλܹô뵽΢΢ЦЦ
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ѾˣǴǰ˼ǵôģͲ֪ˡ
ոճԼķ䣬Ị̇ͿĪʱ黹΢Щ죬ȻƺӦⲻǮС㣬Ҳ˲٣С㣬ôôˣ
ԣĪеһжУǷѰضҪ䣬Ҳ뷨ڵݺǶڸܹ
뵽Ī΢΢ЦЦ鶼ºҾ뵽ǰڴѧͬѧƽʱûô棬һϵˣһȥԸ
ˣ͸˵ͻĪЦ˵ЦʮֺƣһЩ⡣
ЩεֶοɶڹѧģҲԽ
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ֻвʹ£ԭľǲҪӦҪģᵽ˶ľɺͽ£Ҫһ涼ʮѵ顣
뵽⣬ɫѿ첽˳ȥطȦ˶֪ĪЩ飬ҲΪˣľҲס
Ƕľ֪꣬Լ֮ҵԼļˣһƶ˼ҵһ˼ҵΪԭ򣬲֪лô롣
뵽ĪѾ˳΢΢һĨڶľ̬ȣ⣬ͬΪĵϴˡ
ϳ֮ĪҲƵĿ˳ȥһƺʮżڷйԼеΪµԵʣֺڵȥҲڽһѣӡ
˵˵ȥΪ£Ϊ
֪֮УѾͣԼõĿĪ˳ͦţʮʡī˿Ľ䣬Ŀ棬Ŷľĵ
ǸŮˣڶûй촽΢˵
֪ȥ˶ãĪϵĿȶѾȥһ룬ų˶ľӰ
һƵ·ֻ͵ҲԵЩĪЦһ䣬ϲǮֻϧһԭʮֺÿ·ȴΪ˷ѣЩЦ
ڶľʱѾջԼϵ飬΢΢̧ͷľĿԡ
Ŀ֮󿴵ľıġ
Īľժ۾ϵīؿԼǰĪĲлѾʮԡ
ңľС㡣ĪͶľ֡


324Ϊ

ֻǺһľ꿴֣ջԼĿ⣬ûһҪֵ
ֻջԼĿ⣬ûпһīժԱߵϣ˵ɣҹʲôأȻ鲻Ҫ֪Ļһֱ뿪
ĪȻʮֵĲˬǱϻװջԼ֡
̬ȷŵĺЩҲǱȻġ
˵ˣУľʲôǣȻа취öľΪľҵС㣬صԼļоܹа취Զ뿪
ɵˣһֻô򵥡
Ѿ˵ˣǹͽµ飬ȻѾˣ֤ʮָȤľС㣬ҪȻȵ㱭ȣ˵Ī˵֮ĵ˵ͷ
ľûκξܾ뷨к˷Ա˵ǰ
ǰŮ˶Ų˵˺һüͷģƺǰ춼ѡ񲻳
Ƿڱ˵УȻ²ǲھѡһȣĪףֻΪÿһûкȹԲ֪ѡһ
ȻĪջԼĿ⣬װ˵ϲģͿһ䣬ҾӦûȽʺ㡣
Ȼ仰ľ˾˾һ㣬ԣһ䡣
Աȥˣܵվͱð
ľƺЩżҪ֪Ī˵ݣֻʮҪý뿪ľɣûȿ̲סѯʣֱ˵ɣҹǸʲô㣿ҲµĲĻӦϲҸİɣ
΢΢üȻҲĪ飬ΪϲľɣҲһһε˺µ
Ȼ⣬Īû˼ֱӵ˵ͷǵȻˡ
ҲҲϲ¡˵һڹ⻹ûа״ģ˵ǰƢ꣬ͲݲݵĽڹһʱ֮ڣѧȥԼߵĻõԼҪĿģ
ҪõľǰŮˡ
ҽĿǡҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬷Ա첽˹езһȣڻð
С㣬ĿȡԱ˵ȻеĿȷ˶ľǰٿ˵ͷ֮ȥ
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ֻıͻȻʹһ𣬡㲻˵ôࣿ
̧ͷЩؿĪƺǾĪո˵ĻƭԼҪԼЦˡ
Ⱦģֻζ΢һ㡣ʱûЦ˵ֻмЦݣмǳЦݣֻԼ֪
ˣֱӽеĿĸ˵˰ɣ֮ԽҪһѰˡ˵ĪЩ˼С
һεЦЦƺЩ
ҲӦ֪һ㣬ҵΪʼԽһЩ飬񲢲˴֮Ϊ֮ǰᷳҲԸ˵鿴ƺЩεġ
ƺû뵽ĪԼȻΪ飬ڶľ꣬˵Ļ֮ЩȣѾĻİҽгΪʲôѲҪԸ
üĵԼֲɵӣǴСûжٵ飬Ҳֽ֪赶ɱ˵飬ǲɵġ
ֻĪ˵֮󣬸ϽҡҡͷΪԼ͵ǵģǵģˡ
˵⣬üĿ΢˿Щ˵Ϊǰ飬еѶ뿪ˣڸûһѴӹˣ֮ҲһֱûгţҸʱİοңܹһѣҲǺõģ˵ˣǼҺǼһֱϤģôҸĿе֪ĵҲΪˣҲѡ
˵⣬Ͻ˲Լ۾ԼЦúѺõؿŶľꡣ
ǰũ˼ǵĺܣ⻰Ȼ˵òľըˣգ۾ƺѾˣĪ˵Щ
Ϊʲôûѣ۾ƺЩɻ
ᵽĪ£Щ飬ڻǵʱҼѣƽʱЩΪҵõ˲ٺôˣһĶˣǶ뿪ˡ
˵Цݱøɬ˭Ҳ֪жôĺޣЩٳǰһ׷Źǣ


325Ѱ

ȻĪ˵ԼһЩ֮󣬵Ȼд󲿷ֶԼģһϵ˵֮󣬷ԼΪǸܺߡ
ʵʲôӵһңҶʶʼһֱңҲֻѶѣǱƼˣҲߵһ˵Īʮֿ
ƺǾԣֱҪȥϵĳֽƫƫʱ򣬶ľ껹һȡ˳ֽϡ
벻㾹Ȼ飬һֱΪǹģлЩ㣬ڿǸˡ
ллĪˣ˵ͷŽӹеֽ˲Լᡣ
ʵҲϲ£ԭʲôӦõõģȴõеġ
ԭӵʮĶӦҵģڱõˣҲƽϣһˣȻûҪ뿪˼ֱǲ֪߳ܡ뵽Щľ꣬ݺݵҧҧԼŬѽ¸ߣֻǽڻԼļĴš
һ˵ĵ˶һ˵ϣԭĪĶľ꣬Ҳ˲ٵĹͬ˵
ǰڵãҷΪǸѺͼ˶ʧȥ˵ˣҪ㽻ѣʵġĪ˵ַ⣬գգ۾ʮ档
ǰ˺ƭʼľʱϻһЩȫˡ
Ȼľ˵ģ΢΢ԥһ֮ڴӦãȻĶһˣҲʲôԵĵط
ҲˣЩҪҽѵˣҪҼҵǮŹģҲǸոûõʵҲûжѣǾͳΪѰɣ
˾ΪνĺѣĪԼҲû뵽ľûһͶԼΡ
ʱǻᾭöľԼԼһԺ֣ĶĲˡ
ղŵóԣǹ˵㣬ҪȻҾȥˡľЦ§Īĸ첲
Ҫϲǣ»򣬷겻ܣҿԵġĪЦ˵ȴڶľ꿴ĵطһĨϷвǮȴһ궼ΪԼ򣬿֪жϲǮ
ű˵ǮȴСʵЩЦ
ڶľ꣬ԣЦŵͷӦ
ҪȻȥҼɣҼķ˶ܺóԣҲ䡣ƺͻȻ뵽ʲô󼤶غĪ˵
Ҳԣÿʱ䶼˵ɺóˡ˵ţգգ۾鿴ʮֵ⡣
𣿡Īȵĵɴ۾´һҪȥúóһû׼ȥңϾ֮ǰԽ顣
˵ĪԵЩ˼ҪȻ´ΰɣȥҼңҸڼңҲԴʶʶ
Ц˵
ԣľ꿴Щʧ䣬ʵͲô⣬ϾǸŮѾҸϳȥˣȻڻûǲҲܸһɶˡ
ȥңҲǲԡ˵ţЦ
֮ҲȶľĪĳ֮󣬳ӱ㿪ˣȥ
һ·ϵķ羰ޣľ곯ʨ˿ЩĪĳȻãǸʲôӰȥ֮ҲҪһ
Ա˵ţĪˣû˵
Ӷֻ֪ʹնûпɣҫʲôأ
Īû˵ȴװʲôûеģ
ѽʲôӣǮҲߣҪĻǾõģʱȥ˽˽⣬ҲʺһЩãһ֮ĪЦ˵Ȼ⻰˵Ķľʮֿġ
⻰˵ݸ߹˵ĳ䲻˭ϲĻ˵ˡ
ֻڵģûпĪӵıһ
û棬ҪװƣҲԼԼǮ˰ˣһֻӣˣ
֪ǹȥ˶ãĪͣԼĳѾҼˣ³ɣ
Ц˵ԹԵ˳ڶľҲ³
ֻڿĪļ֮΢ЩȣҡҡͷҼ΢Сһ㣬ûķ𣿡
գգ۾֮вҫĪջԼĿⲢûᣬֱ˽ȥ
ҿҫãĪ²ۣȴûа㲻ס


326ҵĸ

ľĪ߽ﳯܿ˿ҲЩ棬һ֮ΨһõĽ۾ǣĪļﲢûԼĴ
С㡣İ̿Ī⳯˵ͷ
ĿĪĶľϣЩɻӦǲ֪Ů˵ݵġ
ϾΪµԭʤлûнľҳˣһСϢȥ֪ľݵĴҲǶľҵļ˰ˡ
λǶľҵСľ꣬ӦòԾͲҪˡĪЦ˵ȻĿ˶ľϣǽȥɣҼҿС˵㣬Ҳһ
˵ţЩΡ
û°иҵķԼϲͺáľЦ˵
ԭҪĪ˵Ļ˵һģڱ˵֮Լе㲻˼
ȸŸӿĪЦŵ˵ͷҪ֪ģ˵˷ŵĻ
ľûԼҪĻھѾϳȥˣԣ˸ͲܳΪѡ
ԣľЦŴӦ
ЦɳϣŵϲŵĵӾ磬ЦЦĵҲûʲôԾġ
ƫƫʱ¥ͻȻ˶С𣿡
Īӷɵ
֮ĪͷŶ¥ķһ£ȻԼĸ磬磬ҿʼ˵ڼң벻ڼҡ
ţ칫˾Ƚ١ĪӷЦŵ˵ͷ
쿴ԼñùҲʮοȻĪ̬Ҳ˲١
˵ĶԻ˶ľע΢΢ͷöĪӷɵĿ⡣
ʱ黹Щ͡
ҵĸĪӷɡĪЦŸľܡ
Ȼ˵Ϊ֮ǰԼĸŽ˵ԼĪмǺ޹Īӷɡǵãµõ˸ϲȻҲʮϲüġ
ԭĸ簡ÿľ굽ڻЩȻĪӷɵĳ಻ȵ϶ľɣĳƺõȥ
ǵȻˣҵĸѽ˵ĪЦЦҲûзֶľĲԾ
ʱĪӷѾ¥ǰ
Ŀ˶ľϣ̲סüͷǶľҵССɣǵһμ㡣
Īӷɿ˵֪뿪ǺйϵǱϻҪװģ
⵹ҲˣڻǿˡĪӷ˵һ֮Աߵɳϣ⿴һԱߵĪЩӡ
̫ΪʲôĪܺͶľʶܹΪѡ
ȻĶľͲ֪
ʵҲûʲôЩԼ˰ɣȿ𣬾ôܹ֮صԼļҲͦõġ˵ţľεЦЦƺЩ
ֻ֮˼죬ΪǸƺʮֵˡ
˵˻֮ʱѾȥ˲ãΨһöľ꾪ȵҲǹܹ֮ʶĪӷһˡ
ֻۿѾ˷֮ʹ˶ľ˾ĵ绰
Ҫȥˣ棬´ȥҼңҸԡһζľ˵Ļʮֵ棬Ȼ̬ȲΪ˵ĪΪԱߵĸĪӷġ
ԣĪЦŴӦ·עⰲȫŶ
֮ſŶľ뿪ǵſҲҪͷһ۶ˣŴҴ뿪
һʱŹˣĪӷɲ΢΢üͷ
ôˣĪ
ֻĪϵЦʮʵǼװģǰûǳ֮ǰĪ˵Щ
ǿԼóˣˣڣľ˼ŮӣȻϣĪٺͽһǸŮ˸ݺˡ
Ȼ֪ĪӷҪ˵ʲôĪװʲô׵ģ
Ҳ˵ľλľС㣬˽һ£û뵽Ϊѡ
ô磬ԭⲻӦø𣿡
ԣĪӷգգ۾ȻˣֻǶľǸŮˣԸ񵽵ʲôӣʵʮѾˡ
ȻӴĲ࣬ǸŮӲʲôŮӣûԶһ㡣
ϣĪӷվĪͷת¥Ϲȥ
ԼҲעһ㣬úϢ֮ǰڹһ˰Ҳʲô鷳
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ĪҲǸ˵ĲУܹظԼĸԼ̬ȱ仯еȻʮġ


327Ů

ص֮󣬶ľڻױ̨ǰžԼľ۽ȴûھǸԼϡ
ľ겻ɵĪĸĪӷɣò˵Īӷɵĳȷܺ⣬ǰǸƶСһЩСڵĴֺӣĪӷɺȫһĪӷһĶŵӣЦʱоϢ綼ůˡ
Ķľ꣬Ͻɫ΢䣬ٲȻһŮ˼ģ
Ҳ֪ô˻ϲʲô͵ŮţֻиͬŮ˲ɣ
뵽ľ뵽Լϣ˭ȻǰֻһҹڲһˣҡһĿĶľҴС㣬ľ۵׻һĨ⡣
ԴӼĪӷ֮󣬶ľͿʼȥĪˣĿֻһǾΪ˼Īӷɡ

ľվȫǰžԼԴ˶ľ֮ԭЩƵķɫʼðˣʵĵӲֻҪ΢úõһ¾ͺܺˣľı΢΢һȣԼһױƵ¹ѡģϰѡһ·
վȫǰŤŤŤŤȷûв׵ĵط֮󣬶ľŵüĲŷӰóֻҵһ벦˳ȥ
绰Ƭ̲űͨ
ιʲô𣿡
ͲﴫĪ
ľĪôòŽ绰ΪЩջ򴽣û˵ʲô䴽Цû¶Ͳ𣿡
Ī˼Ƭ˵ȻûУʱӭҰ
ľӹ˵˵ģھȥɣˣ˭ڰ
һЩӶ֮⣬ҺҸڡĪʵ
Īӷڵʱ򣬶ľ˸һ£ǵЦԽããڼúõŰɣھͳȥҡ
ԣĪеЩȣʱľҵƵʺЩ̫˰ɣΪ˸ľùϵװܿĵ˵ãĪҵĴʱΪ㳨š
ľҵĪҵʱҪСʱҵʱ䣬ǶľȴӲ˾ʱʮӣ˶ʮӾĪҡ
һĪңľεģһ飬Ƕû˼ҹǸˡ
Īע⵽˶ľСʵʲô𣿡
ľһʱЩûӦ˼Īӷϣ˼ŷӦһιȥûʲôǾúþûǼңǼҵЩƺֺÿЩ
ԣĪ΢΢鴤һ£仰֪ղŶľεӾԲΪΪľʱ伸ľǼңߣҵƷһֱͬģûлԣľղǾ仰һڣڶľԭʲôҲŰɵĵ˵ͷ
ʱĪӷɴӷ˳ľЩҵͷЦ˵С
ĪӷľɫЩ̫Ȼһ˿ɫ˵ͷһ۾ջߣһֱ˼ᱻ֡
ãԺԶС棬ҲǺܹܶ࣬ôһĵҾûͦοġĪӷܹܵĪúˣû˸մʱǰˣһֵĹͶ˶ľϡ
ľֵ˵ͷĪӷɶЦЦȻ߿ˡ
뿪ʱľŸҽͷ̧нԶıӰþûز
ֱĪ˵߰ɣȥǱİɡŽٻ
ľĪһֱһЩȤ£ľЩĲɵģʱʱĻϼ仰󲿷ʱ仹Ī˵ĪҲû⡣
ľʱͷϷͻȻһöԵˮɡ
ţһ˫ǽڷ־ͳǰĪӷɰˮ̷Īǰ˵ôãɤӦÿ˰ɣԵˮһ󡣡
ľ껺̧ͷĪӷɣȻúһͣͷС¹Ҫһ㡣

ʱȻ̸ȥľ꿴˿ʱ䣬ҪˣҲˣ˵ʱҲˣˡ˵ֶ꣬Īӷ˵ˡ
Īӷվ˵ãӭ´Ǽͣ߰ɣ㡣
ľϷƽ˾ģʵѾǷɽˣ򶨵ĵͷ
˴ţһӭŴ꣬㽦Īӷüͷһ
ո滹ûû뵽ȴµô


328ʽ뿪

ϻһ죬Ϊʲôת۾꣬Ȼү˵ͱ䰡ľվ¹̾һȴ͵͵Īӷɡ
ʵĬϣⳡµԽԽãͿԺĪӷɶһˣҲлԿֶΪأ
ĪӷҲ̾һǰµôҲ̫һ˻ȥ߰ɣ㡣
ԣľһ¾˫ĪӷؼңһССĽչССȸԾѹЦã鷳ˡ
ĪӷЦЦ˵û¶ӦõģһȥȡüȻľĪúЩҲӦõġ
Īϼ°ѴǳŷĪӷɵİ칫ϣһ˵ӷɣܸлʱĪ϶ҵİһǾҪ뿪
ĪӷɶǷſ˺ܾãͻȻϵĴǳŸĴۣüģüļƺּ˲٣Ž˵СҪ뿪𣿡
µͷʮֿ϶ĺ
Īӷ¶Ĳᣬ²֪ôȥԣĪӷɶԼУҲܸлиܹĬĬĶԼôãֻһţĸ˶ľɣԶĪӷɣֻ޾ΣĪӷɶʲôˡ
µ͸ĹâĪӷѾ޷ˣŴǣĺܽ΢΢һ£Ŀһ޲Ĺž˿ϲŭãôЩƵ˵ã߰ɡ˵꣬ڴǳǩԼ֡
Īӷɰתһ£Ž£뿴ñӰַ顣
תһ˲ղڽǰƽ̼ȴʧɢ¶ʹı顣
¿Īӷɣεҡҡͷ̾һת뿪
űϵĪӷɲŰת߽Ž뿪ķ򣬴ӺһЦ

°Ѷʰ֮󣬾һ˰뿪ˣߵ˾棬ľɴ˸绰ȥǵ绰ոմȥļ룬ͱͨˡ
⡭
ĬĬһ룬˵ڸﰡ
ڰ칫ﴦ񡣡
ǱߵĶľЦһ
ðɣЩģô죿ü΢΢𣬹װһĵҪһľɡ
Ǳ߳Ĭһ룬Ŵôˣ۸ˣȸղ½˺ü
˶ľɵĽţЦ˵ڳҵˡ
ԣľɵüһӾͷ׽˵ҵ˼˼Īϼ뿪ˡ
˵ǸĺϢ֪ĪӷɶԽµ˼ý´ĪϼЩġ
ľɺÿı΢û¶ҵĹ˾ҪǲĻҲû¶ҿ㡣
֪ԽµԸǾԲѡߵģǾ仰ҲûпЦʹĲҹˣҲһӣ´ӦľŹĻͿʱʱĿˡ
ҽʧȥ˹Ŀǰ̸ЩϽĹɣȻȥԶٺõģƽһ˵顣¹ӡ
ͲﴫľǳĻãһ¾ʹȥԺõġ

󣬽»ǴӦ˶ľȥľŹ
ڶ죬ȥľŵʱеĹ˾ְԱعʱǷǳȵģû»ٻǾȹ龪ȣ̬Ȼûб䡣
Ԭ㿴³ڰ칫ҵʱҲһ˲һЦ˵ӭС»صľš
ڽµĻع飬Ǹеܿĵģ֪ҲԸľɵұۣҶľҲҪĪϼˣϾҲھĹϵĳЩ˿Ҳ̫á
һ˿Ц˵ͷлл
ԱߵĶľ཭ë׵ͷ۵׵ĳһ䲴ˮһġ
Ԭ㣺
ݹ⧲
Ԭļڶľ֮Ϳ뿪ˡ
ľɷڽͷϵֻûջʣʲô
գգ۾ȥӰӰȥ˾˵˾ʱ촽
촽Ķֻģȴöľɿĺ˵һá
˵䣬ľɸڽ¶һǡ
¸ܵͷһƬʪĸо⣬ǼŶľϺŵζµĨɫ
ºߵӣľǹһ˿ײЦ⣬ĳȴôҲڸǲˡ


329±

֪𣿽ֻص˶ľšĪϷĿŶľꡣ
Ȼľ֪֮ķӦһ֪µĵһӦǷŭѾ˽£ҪľɣΪʲôµ󻹻ص˶ľúôĪϲ𣬣Īϲ
ȴֳܱΪԱĪӷɣĪӷɾû
ľüһԱڿֽĪӷɣȥľŵʱĪӷɾ֪ˣԶҲûиеܾȣΪѾ뵽ˣȻЩζҲЩʲôܲȥѽɣ
ȥͻȥɡľܵĻشĪ
ľķӦĪ뵽ˣشȴĪ֮⣬ĿŶľ꣬еȫһľ겻Ӧߵĸôѽ¸ϳȥ
һ˲ˣľעһֱĪӷϣ̫רעˣҲûвĪĿ𽥱
˵ľôôڣÿ֮ǰҪһʼ˭ڡ
֮ⲻھơ
ڵȤˣĪ΢΢ϹĪӷϲ£ľϲĪӷɣ⻹һȤ
ǺβƾͼƣȻľϲĪӷɣǺβϲԸ£
ĪЦЦѾӿ˺üԸµİ취
ȶľ뿪֮ĪĪӷ˵磬ø𣿡
ĪӷɵߴӱֽƵĪϣû˵ĸָʲô£ᡰţһ
͸Ը뿪𣿲ȡһˣĪüβ
أĪӷɱһߣӺģ˿
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ϲϲϲǲϲ²ϲʲô취
ǿŤĹϲ֪ġ
Īװ˼ӣ˵а磬ɲô׾ͷˣûн㶼ӦŬȡһѣµûнٲź𣿡
ԣĪӷֳĬǰҪȡһ²Ųź
ĪӷЩݵӣĪнں˵磬һ£ĪҺͶľҺþöûо۹˰ɣɴͰѶľٸгȻҾͰѶľгȻԾ۲͵ԵɰѽԼ룬Ӧûῴϲܾġ֪ĪӷɺͶľеĹϵûѶľɵ˵
Īӷ룬취УӦ
ĪӷɿĻһϤĵ绰룬ָ΢ٳٶûеȥԴӽ´Ī뿪֮ҲкóһʱûϵˡĪӷҧҧָȥŵû룬绰ͱͨˡ
ιӷʲô£¿ĻĪӷɵʱЩġ
Ա߰칫ĶľĪӷɵ֣ͷһӾ̧Ž¿
ľɵ̫ȣ¸޷ӵЩεĳ˳ǣ︹̶ľɵĳԴ׳̶ȡ
Ȼô룬ǰͨģʽ
öľκεĲɡ
ûʲôûʱ䣬һԸɣĪһжľҵһҲþûһˣô˵ǰҲǶľҵһӣҲһɡĪӷɵָĵôӣһƬ˵ʵûаս»Ӧ
ԣ¿˿ľɣȻľһ
¶ĪӷɱЩΣʧȥĪӷѣ룬˵һáӦ
绰Ҷ֮󣬽Ŷľɵֱۣ۴΢ལ˵ǶľҺĪҵһξ۲ͣҲȥʹӦ
ľɰƲƲ˵Ҹ֪Ҫ۲͵¡
Ǳ̨ʾ ҲǶľҵˣĪӷûȥͼԶ
ЩεĿ˿ҲӦˣܲͷڰɣɣʱΪҵļһȥˡ
ľɱЩĵģ˵Ǻ仰ͻȻ΢䣬һ
ʱ򣬽ºͶľĪӷԼõĵص㣬˶Ѿˡ
ŶľɳڴҵʱľپȵŴ죬ĿڽŶľɵϣû뵽ľɾȻͽһˣ
硭ľپȵʡ
ľ䴽ϣŽ˵
˼ǣͽһˣ
ľپȵİ춼û˵һ
Ҳ˶ľĪûбֳܾȵӣǶľҺĪҵľ۲ͣ⵱ȻҲȻġ


330¾۲

ľ꿴ʱĪͶȥһʵĿ⣬û뵽¾ȻҲξ۲ѾǶľҵˣƾʲô
ĪûжĿӦְĪӷҲֻðĬĬ
Էʱ򣬶ľһ⣬ԭҪĪӷɵģȴһֱڽµϣĹ˲͵ȥĬİԼ
ľҪĪӷ˵ǿһֱעڽʱЩ뷨˲ʧɢˣŭգڷµֱճһȭͷָļҲȻ֪ߺ޵ĿͶ£޲ֱѣӿ˲ͽϷ֮С
Īٷû˵ʲôԱһֱǹɵģ۵ʱżҲϼ䣬ɵĲ񻰣Բתһ£һϺת˽µǰ˵ԵϺɣСϺҵƲˡ
ǻ˸˵ĪСţЩǲ˶ôĪһΰӶˣ
ȻЩɣĪͷˣûɵ˵治̨£˵˾䡰ллͼһֱСϺŽ
ľ꿴һĻеŭԽԽ촽΢΢ţҧأûŭй
پ۲ͣľɺͽ˳Ϊ˵Ľ㡣
۲ͽ֮Ī׼Īӷ뿪ʱ򣬶ľסֱۣʹ˸ɫʾ
ĪͷĪӷ˵磬߰ɣС˵Ҫҹһ䡣
Īӷɵͷ뿪ˡ
ڣֻʣ¶ľ껹Īˣľ겻ټˣŭʵĪʲô˼ôղųԷΪʲôҪֺ
ĪʵӦû֪ɣҸϲ¡
ԣľ˼Щܲ£ȵ۾ʵ˵Ķ𣿡
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˲䣬ľԽµԹ˼ȡ
Ϊʲô⵽ΪʲôΪʲôһĶϲôϲĸϲˣϲ˶ϲǰǲǻ˺ܶް
ĪŶľ޵ģ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣ¶һĨײЦݡ

ľ겻֪ڽ¼ſڵ˶òſһʻ۾ŽнĳЩ죬ѸԺһ飬ŷǶľɵĳһ룬ͶһŴ棬Լ
ľɷܵСԢĻ϶ᱻľ˵ģľҲǸˣܹоľڶеȻ϶Դһֻе˲еС
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ľ˲ɷһ߬ȹʮָҲ˿ûһҪɿ˼üۼӿϼᳰ²Ҫ
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ľˣľӴ˳׼¥Ľ´һ£ߣ
תȥǶľ꣬һ˲Ҳû˵ʲôֳĬȴĺ󻰡
㣬ǲʲôŰĪӷɻҸƻסˣȻѾҸһˣΪʲôҪȥĪӷɣľͱ˵ĿŽ¡
üм£ҧҧ飬֪ľķԷ֪ľϲ֪˵ʲôԾͲ
²˵ľĻˣ۽ǹżᳰ˵ˣǱ˵޻˵˰ɣҪ˵Ů˻Ҫһ㣬Ҫ֪ʲôʿɶֹ
û뵽ԼĳĬȻ˶ľ곰ɣЦһ˵ҿӦҪʿɶֹŶԣӦҩҳԣҽɣû¡
˵꣬Ͳȶľ˵ת뿪ˡ
ֱűϣľŴӽǾ仰عҪһ½µģû뵽Ȼǽ°ѵһ٣
һ룬ľӾв죬ҧأŴſǽһҪ
˳𲻱Ǿӣ
ľﰵģ綼ѽܵίýʮ


331´ڨ

С⼸һĿҪ̸Իæкܶʱ㡣ľŽϸͷͳ룬ں油һ䣺ڹ˾ĿҲȽԲؼˣһ˻ؼҪע㰲ȫ
µͷʾ⣺ãףȻĿҪҲҪչ˺Լ壬ô嶼ǸıǮ¶Ҫڵһλ֪𣿡
ŽСһһϵģ˵ĶǹĻûΪ˵ö£෴һĵطڻ
ľ̲סӺһЦеĴһȣŽµʱʱӦһ䡣
ôһ˿ҸʲôֲǼˡľ۾΢΢Ϲ
±˱죬Զľ仰еЩǵü΢΢˵ⶼΪãҪר
ľɳ˵ãġ
ͷ˼Щûλ һ̧ͷͿ˶ľ°ȻĶСʵʲô
źÿÿ̲סҪһڡľɰ˵һ
321Ȼµ˲ͺһƻһ
ϵȶȣʹԼǽ֪һܺ죬æְԼסöľɷԼľ̬
ǵҲסˣÿĶľɶѾˣ뵽¸ղϵĺΣľɵͱøĺá
ǰûֶľô컬࣬Ȼദ֮ıԾͱ¶ˣ︹Ŷľɣûܵǰһһ㳯
¸ܵһѹȸַһӰһ룬Ĵͱס˽ûӦ⧲ۡ

°֮󣬽¸ľɷһؼҵϢ߳˹˾
ķЩ⣬һ˾¾͸ܵһ糯Լӭ洵£һ·
ŽֵĳһʱЩʧ⣬ԴӺͶľһ֮Ѿϰˣûֲͣϰߵġ
ȻʧЦεҡҡͷУҲҪӦûжľɵӡ
ڴϣԼ˺ĽŲתȥֺȷʵиˣûżߣվԭص
ǸܵߣΪոܹԭڴ˼ڴȺƽ֮˵ʦá
һƺ¾ͷӦǰǶľŵģ˾һ㶼ƺ
òĵͷ΢Цá
ҽ룬ƽؼҾ·û뵽쾹Ȼʦͦ˵İһֱ·Ϊʲôǰûʦ봽΢¶һ΢Ц
´һǰˣĽëֳֺɫܰףһڼкģǸճûá
⣬²ֱ˵Ϊľæûһ˵ΪˣƽǴڹ˾ٲҪಡˡ
һ˵һߡ
һȻӣ˳ŽµĻ˵ȥԣ߶ȷʵͦõġ
ûȽشһ룬ת˻⣺ʦʵͦģһЩƷҶҾƵĺܺá
²֪ǸøеĻѹʵҲ˼꣬һԼͲ˳ţоһ¾˵˺üꡣ
ǣĿ佱Ǹеĵģһ˿Ц˵ллСͺá
ãСЩڵİѳƺ˹
ߵһʮ·ڣ뿴ŽҪߣЩϧ˵Ҳ˳·ټСϣҲ㡣
䴽ҲټԵĻġ
¾úͦĵģ˵һЩⶼȽϸȤģû뵽Ƽˮһ˾Ȼܺĵô

ڶ죬»룬һ·ĵǸʮ·ڲŷֵ𣬸߸ġ
죬Ҳεĺ
տʼ¶ЩģǾε̸ҲûзʲôԽľٶֵĶǳɣ䱸ļ˲١
һȥģΪȽĵҲΪѡ


332

ľ⼸һֱרעæŹûʲôʱչ˽£һЩģһֵĶľɵ壬ֻðССĲ
ʲôʱܰĿæ갡Ŷľɵֱۣ
ľüģļĻ⼸ͿæˣĻŻҪɡ
ŶľµһƬɫЩѹۣͻȻûãʲôҲܰﵽľɣۿͻȻЩȣ±ȥ̧ͷһ컨壬һЦŶľ˵ͣ㴦ˣһȥԶٺõģ㡣
ľЦˣãǾȶлˡ
磬ľæŴǸĿûʱȥͽ»ؼңߵ֣ʶİѽŲһЩ
ȻнŲ𣬽ת볯ܵǰ֮봭˼˵ÿ°ʱ䶼һģΪʲôоµҪһЩأ
ЦЦ͵Ϊһ°ֱӳˡ
ճĹ˵϶һѵĹҪһĹû꣬Ȼܰʱ°ˡ
Ȼĵ˵ͷΪղǸ޴Щ˼
ʶôˣҾҲͦԵģǶûһԶٷղײҪȻһɣ͡ͻȻ顣
Է
΢΢üͷٺͶľȥԷȻĽ䱸Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ƿ֮Ĳޣܾƾ̸͸ȥԷ
ԣ˼һ󣬽¸һܾĻش
ܾһȥЦеܴĲһȥԶٷ𣿡Ŵ
һܵ˴ģЩˣô˵Ҳ˼һȥԷҲһӴһȺˣҲʧȥһĵѣ룬ջЭðɣǾȥɡ
һ仰˲˫ǵЦ⽥Ⱦˣã֪һҷ꣬Ĳ˺ܺóԣȥһɡ
µͷߵʱһ߰ѷ¶ֻ˳༭һŸľɷȥ
һߣľɻڹ˾Ӱࡣ
ľվڶľɰ칫ſڣҪֱŽȥͻȻ뵽ľɲϲֱӽȥ㽫̧š
ۿۿۡ
ǻӦһƬĬ
ѵľɲڰ칫
ľţ˻ش𣬶ľ򴽣ֱ˽ȥȻ칫һˣľļڶľɰ칫ϣ׼뿪ʱͻȻֻһľע˹
תһ۶ľɵֻʾһδţľ꿴ķһһӾ뵽˽£˽£ľɴҲŪôܵıע˰ɣ
Ȼ֮䣬ľ;ŭգgeܲζֻϣľɵֻûĻ׾ٵľͽĻ⿪ˡ
ݴ¾ǣҪȥԷҪһؼҡ
ľͻȻĴ󷢣֮ͰɾˣȻٶȰֻŻԭλ
ɲɣľհֻ£ľɾʹ˽ľ꣬ʵô̲
ļľָָ칫ոշµļ
ľᡰšһǻӦˣ˰칫ϣֻ˿
ڿľֻʱ򣬶ľĶҪᵽɤȥˣ룬ղŶľɸòǿֻ˰ɣ
ľ껹û뿪ļ̌ۿŶľʵ𣿡
ľӦûзֻľһʣ磬鶼𣿡
ľɲûע⵽ľظӣشոæꡣ
һؼҰɣ˵Ҫһٺõĸ㲹ľַǰһ£һܿĵӡ
ľɽŴûкܿĴӦͻȻ뵽˽£֪»ؼҵ·ûʲôΣգͷĵĿһϵֱʱ㽭ӦѾˣǻûиϢƽ
Ҳһˣ
ľ΢΢𣬶ľ꿴ľɫ̫õӣΪǲԸԼһȥԭȵӾ Щܴ˵æɣˡ
ڶľתҪߵʱ򣬶ľɵͳ𣺡߰ɣһȥ
ҲΪʲô£Բ˸ƽ˰ɣľ룬Щƣ۾
ԣľһӾЦ


333

߰ɣľվڶľİ칫ſڣҡųԿ˵
ļ̌ͷվſڵĶľɻظһ°磡ʰһ¡
ľ겻ϵԼļ˿˾;ûЩͷۡ
磬һҪȥ˳ʲôҪģþ˳·һȥˡ
̫£ľҲֻиԱڼӰࡣ
С㣬Ҫļˡ
ϰ칫ŵĶľ꿴һСһļЩͷüͷ˵˵
ľԹΪصˣԼҲһ
ϰɣҿһۡľɿС˵
õģľܲáСЦϣͷӦ뿪ˡ
ָս˾СԵʱܸľ˵仰ƽʱϰʱ˵ϻ
Сܸľ˵ж࿪ˡ
һ£Ұļһ¡ľɻûеȶľ˵ص칫ң˰칫ϡ
ľվЩżϾаźͼƻģСԼļƻ
߰ɣ
ľ걳Űվԭشתһ̧ͷľվԼǰ
ߣȥľô죬ҲǷˡ
קŶľɵǰʵôԼ°డôû𣿡
ľǰľɴԤ룬Թһ죬˭֪ľɲûʲôԡ
ˡ
Ӵ
һŮӼҼҵģôһô໰ϳľûǲϳˡ
ԺΪʲô¶Ҫѹڵһλľޱ˵
֪ˡ
һ·СವĴţľһһҪ飬Ͳɵðҡ
磬ȥнԱߵĳаɣǸҲԶȻȥǸлҪ·
ľıȻľûиоһ˿һĲԾ
ҲȥǸҲʲôûҪ·ȥСľɱ߿˵
磬ͣһ£һһ㡣
ľͻȻһ仰öľһɲͣ˲нֵ롣
֪֪Σգҿʱ˵ľüͷšһһߵ˵
ֻȥϸľָŲ˵
˭֪ɵǣºڿڴλϣ˳ͣ˵˵ЦЦӡ
ľûľĵǸ۾ĶڴߵĽº롣
ľ˳ŶľķҹڴԱߵ˵ѽǲǽ𣿡
ԭȻȥԭΪ˸һԷҲǵģҲѵˣôΪ˸˳ԷԼأ
ľû˵ֻջĿѣûκα֡
ڴѾõĶľЩʧѽ쿴Ǹ˭ԷأֲýôÿԭǸʲô¶
Ըѡľɸľĸоͺûһ
ľһ˿ӣöľоֵֹġ
磬ô°һ𣿡
ľûĻǰѳͣ˳ſڡ
ô°ôĿŵĸһԷˣ㿴Ǹ˵˵ЦЦӡ
ľ꿴ľûκηӦ㿪ʼ䡣
ľܿºԷİźõġ
ôҲû뵽һԵܲõĶľɾȻʲôû˵ͺʲôûʲô֪һ
˵Ϊ˹أľü죬ޱ˵
öľӾˣľɾȻ԰ｭ顣
磬һ˰ǹ˾ͷ̸һҲ̸ࣿ˵˵ЦЦ
ľûľ꣬˳ߡ
ɶľӵűҲ³һֱ׷ڶľɵͣ߶߶˵һЩʮּĻ
ľ꣬ҽǴģ¸еĳԷôˣҲɰɣ
ľɵЩͷˣɶľŲСŮҲҪԺãѻегԷֵǻ˵˵ЦЦģһҲ
⻹ûиѰҲ罻ȦӣһʦҪӴָˡ
ľɾﲻȻΪɡ
һŮġľһ۶̿˵
ʲôϿһ˻ӲۣľĴ˵
ľҲֻʲôҲ˵
ȥ㡣̿˵뿪ˣֻ˶ľһˡ
ľôҲû뵽ľɿ̽µ̶ֳȣҲ̫ˡ


334º

˶ľɵĳľ껹ǲԸ׵ķһεļƻ
ֻǵҲ֪ΪʲôľɾȻûһģϲһ˿һ𣬲Ӧû
Լõġ
Խ뵽ЩԽɻ󣬶ľڸʻϣ͵͵زԱ߿ĶľɣпʼᵽҪҪе˵
ʲô˵ģƺǸܵˣľĿ⣬ľɳѯʵͳ
ֻͻȻ˵ýĶľһһ֮Ż磬ͻȻ˵ŵأ
ҡҾ㣬˵ͽһˣǸոտǸԷʱôԴأ
ϲһ˵ĻһĻ϶ǽܲ˵ġ
ѲɶľиͲϲ£Ǽװģ԰Ŀʲôأ
ԣľ;öľɳûһۣȻϽӡ
ʺԼѰˣʲô˵ģľ˵֮˵֮ջԼĿ⡣
һϵеĿҲûʲôԾĵطľȻлǲףҲװȻĵ˵ͷΣһεļƻѲҪˣ
һΪϲͻԴأû뵽һ㣬ֻǺһȥԷɡ˵ЦЦûн˼ٷ档
ûгɹҪ֪ľ˴ĺܣ⼸ĽӴҲ׵ģһֱ˼棬Ȼˣɲˡ
һ·ôǵ˶ľҺܾˣǶľ껹ʦܲ˶ľϴĵѹ
Ľ£ԭɢҸ磬ѵû뵽羹Ȼһ㶼ںðõĸ磬ȻŹܣҵģŴ⣬뵽֮ǰ۲͵ʱ򣬴ܶԽµİٰչ˺͹ģͺ޵
ζҪ취úýѵѵ¡
ȵ˼Ŷľ³ľ̽ͷ˵һеҪ˵һ
ϣûȶľӦһֱӿ˳֮ҲƵĿ˳ȥ
˵ΪЩľε̾һȻ˵ԼĸȷǺӢ˧ǣԸʵĥ
ջԼĿ⣬صȥˡ
ϣľһγȥҪȥѵµıװںӣʵͳԴ׳Զ˰ɣ
뵽ľЦЦ£ҪҵˣͲҪҶˡ
˵ϵЦʮ˽ȥ
ոսȥͿˣɳϿӵʤС
䣬һľЦ߽ʤ˹ȥɳϡ
˾ͺãһҲ˰ɣˣأ˵һ𣿡ʤЦ˵ֻǲ֪ΪܾôһĲƺÿһοľʱ򣬻Ǿһ֮ͥ˵ʲô
磬ո˵ЩҪ԰ͻˡľգգ۾ԭҪ˵ģֻ˼Ǿ˵
Ͼ˵ȥ֮˾ͷֿˡ
һлǵȵľɻ֮˵ɣ
ţľһĨ⡣
ʤУЩʧ˵Ҳ֪һ˵ʲôʱܹžһΣ⼸ڼˡʤб˱ͣЩε˵
ʵ˵˵ȥҲģЩˡ
ʼ;ǽµĴƢ̫ԣŻͻȻѡ뿪뵽ӣΪԶľΣĳЩط˽µĸܣ뵽ЩʱʤĪҲЩ
ֻͻȻ뵽滹ЩܣǼҿҲǶ̫ˡ˵ʤЩʧĵͷܵ˭
״ľʮֵĲʹ죬ƫƫϻҪװӣЦʤеĸ첲ϡ
䣬ȻЩ鶼ȥˣҲҪˣ˵أҲ֮ǰҲǿ϶ҲԸǺͽˣʱҪˣҾʹȥ
ľɵ˵
Ȼһ˵֮󣬻㹻ʤеĻġ
ڴӦľԴ㰡ǻ˵ѽĨһϲ㣡
˵ţʤСȥȻ綼¶ãڼԺõģǼȥɣ
ԣľӦֻ˫ĺ⣬û˿


335¶ľɵĴ

ڽ£ò׺˷뿪֮󣬲һ
úõĳʲôǵģ뵽ղôε龰ûסһ䡣
һԷʼǲԸģԭһȵԸֻ˲ǰԸǺͺģҲûʲôܾİ취ֻôӦ
ãȫ¶۵ģæ˹飬Ӧߵ״
ո˳⳵ѾЩˣ΢΢۾ԼЩ۾ҪԼֻƤصʵûа취Ҳֻȥˡ
Ӵƫƫʱһʱ֮ûв;ŶײһǽϣһӰѽµ˯ȫˡ
ԴһС۵һֻ¸ӽŵǣԼ̫ײ˱ȥ˰ɣ
ˣавãҧҧŬԼ֣Ǹʱȴǰʱ򣬾ȵĵɴ۾
ôˣľɵʱ򣬽µҲϲ
գգ۾һ貣öľ̲ס΢΢
ľƺ΢΢ͷŽ£΢Щӡ
飬ϳ˵ϣûȽͬ⣬ס֣Ա߲Զŵĺɫ˹˹˽ȥȻ׵׷ʲôֻǿŶľӣҲ
ӵĶľɣò˵ôŻ˵ġ
ɵĸŶľ˳֮գգ۾ĿͬڳӺҲԼԱߵˣôôˣ
΢Щɻƺȫ֪ʲô顣
ľƺʲôģҲûκεİ취ˡ
һԷǸˣ˭΢΢һ֮󣬾ڽѾҪԱߵĶҪʱ򣬶ͻȻ˵
ֻ⻰ʱһˮĻǶҪˡ
㣬ΪҰɣ̽ԵĿ۶ľɣ΢΢Ц⣬ҪľΪ飬ǻǹЦġ
ڿǰɫȻȣûʲôԾĶľɣһװʵѾίˣ
ʱǰĶľɻĵ˵ͷôһ°
ſѣȥ㡣ͨͨŴĻڶľ֮˵֪ΪΣڽ¿͸ӵĴȣˡ
ҵ죬ľɣҪҪôɰЩ޵ĿŶľɣûпסԼ仰˵ҲЩ֪£ȻûпסԼס˶ľɵ
šû⣬ͦģԺлĻҪԼûָУ
ȻЩҲǺˡ
Բ𰡣·Ӧ֮󣬸ϽջԼ֣װʲôûзģǸ飬֪Щ顣
ʱԭĶľͻȻͬס˽µŮˣҪǲңҾԼȥˡ
棬Ĵ⡣
úúãҸ˵Ҹ˵Ц˵
û뵽ǸڱİԵܲãͲ˿ˣľɣȻҲԴףҳԴ׵ʱ򣬾ȻĿɰ
һʱ֮䶼Щܲˣ
ǸʵҲر⼸ȥ·޹ʶģƢǲҲ֪ΪʲôҪȥԷ
±˱ͣ˵֮̽Ե̧ͷ۶ľɣƺǵᣬ˵һ䣬һֱңҲǿӦġ
ԣľüͷ֪˼ʲôʼնһԲӡ
ýһ֮󣬻ûס̽Եѯһ䣬ǲǳԴѽ
ԣľ΢΢ЩٶۣҡҡͷûС
ô˵˵飬֮п㡣
ԭѽ
ֻ⻰˵ģ¾Щί۾Ĵģһ񣬡Ҹ˵ˣ㷢˶ţԴף㵱ʱҪһĻҲôΣǲûп
˵ţӰóԼֻֻĻ滹ԼģЦ۾ģϸĻܿڽǸط͵Ķľɣһ˵Ӱȡ
ģϾľɵݣǾһЩźá
㿴Ҹ㷢˵ţ㿪ţȻһԳĶţʾͳɹ


336թ

ŵʱ򣬶ľɵͱ΢һӣ˴ԭ
װڴóԼУڿŵʱµϢ˽һĵط
ţҲЩȣ룬⡭Ӧûнܳɹɣ
ָʱСһ߷ͳɹˣһûϢֻǲܵģһӣԵЩգգ۾̽ԵĿĶľɡ
̫Ϊʲôľɻӣڶľһжûô
ˣ֮ǰʱ򣬰칫ĶľеŵɫӸոտʼһжûô
϶ʲô
ԭʹôܻῴأ
ʱ򣬶ߴ˽µöľɻعգգ۾浽׷ʲôľɫӣԴ
ҪٸǸеһߣеæû취㣬һԬؼңΣաľɽ뻳У˵
ȻЩ׶ľΪʲôҪô˵ǽ»ǴӦ˵ͷϾոնľɶûôܣǾһзʲô֪ġ
ҲҪҾǾǸӻǸѧʲôƷĶܹҲԡЦ˵Ȼڶľɵš
Եù࣬ľɵҲ˲٣ǰǸ黹һֱϣô׵ľͷ¡
벻ľ飬ΪʲôʵܶľҲףֻǲû˵û뵽ľһδεĵôߣڵĵز
ľ˵˻Ự֮󣬽ĻûãƺҪ˯ˡ
Ҫ˾͸ϽȥɣҲӦҪȥˡľͳ˵ʮġ
ԣµͷӦȻ֪׷ʲô飬ܹܵڵĶľ¡
ȥ·עⰲȫ˵Ž³öľɲעʱ򣬳һڣϽջԼĿ⣬ƺЩɬ
ǰһʱû飬ǲ֪Ϊʲôڿľɾ鲻ԽĻˡ
֮󣬶ľɻĿŽ¥֮ſ뿪ġ
¥ϵĽ£濴һۣջԼ˼ȥ
Ȼ֪׷ʲô˶ľɳԴ׵һ棬Ҳʮֵ⡣
ʮֵ֣öľɳԴʲôԵģֻķʮֵ˻ϲ޲һֱǸģ
һҪúõģúõһ𣬺úõȥ»˵ԺͻȻ뵽˶ľɵģģʮֺÿ
ڵĶľУΪŶľ飬Եʮࡣ
ͻȻֵãȻ滹ǻЩܣǱϾԼãѡóĬ뷨
ֻҪҪģ̶̵ʱ֮Ǹ͸˸ܹĳ谮ġ
ۿѾ˼Ĺ⻹ŵģǻû˯
ľ˳ؽȻͿˣɳϵĶľʤˣڻڿӣž飬ƺǿġ
ˣǶľһʱܵ˶ľɵĵϲؿԱߵʤ˵һ䡣
ԣʤвŻͷÿſڵĶľɣƼʱɫѽææææϵ飬䶼ˡ
ȻһԹĻܹĿʤе۵ġ
ԷûаҪûгԷĻȥ׼׼ʡӡʤлûӲЩ̲ס˵
ԣľεЦЦ֪Լĸ׵Ǹʲôӵˡ
ֻڿľʱɫ
ӣľöľһнľɿʤУ裬ȻһɣеҪ˵Ȼٳԡ
˵ŶľѾߵ˶ľǰԭͺܸߣڶļ̌ͷܹӡ
磬ǲǹ˾ʲôҪģľ˶ʮֽţ֪ΪѾԼûйϵڿľɵĿʱ򣬻ǻѾһС
šľ˵ͳԼ˽ȥ֮Ѿʮԣý¸ȥ
ľнţĿʤУԭҪȣ˭뵽Цŵ˵ͷԴŹȥ
ʵûа취аһ䣬ֻøŶľɹȥ


337ǿ

һ·Ŷľɵ˷䣬;Уľ˶µĲУֻԼȫ¶
ۿŶľһԲؽŹϣľ꣬ȭͷԥӦôڡ
Ϊʲô飿ʱûڣľɱȷˣĬĿŶľ꣬Լϡ
ʵͻȻ˵һ仰öľһգգ۾΢ŵ˵磬ӦҹڽǸɣ
̽Եһ䡣
ֻܾԼһЩ֪ĵĻͻףĶľежôš
ԭǲҪ˵ģֻڿľĿʱ򣬾һ֪ˡ
Ǵǰ֪ľɵǸʲôԸĻһɵɵ顣
ԽԽԵģһҪһ취Լȥ飬ܹ
ƺЩû뵽ľĳ飬ľɵһûһµû棬΢΢ͣһ֮ѯʣŶ˵˵Щʲô
ĿƺǿԴ˵۾֮пʵ뷨
ʵЩˡ
ŶľıҲίһ֮Ѿۿת
֪ˣҲǿǸŵݣĽȥʲôһȥԷôϲҲҪΪ򱧲ƽԲǸŸɾˡ
һ˵һ߲˲ԼᣬίĲС
Ȼľܹڻ֮׵ҵͷϣ֤ǰ뿪ʱһȥҽˡ
Ψһܹ֪ľֻһӦյȴûĶţ飬ʼն޹ء
뷨֮󣬶ľŹ˵һԭҲҪ̽̽ǰĶľɵ֪٣
ŶľüԴɻĿŶľꡣ
𣿡
һֱи²⣬˭û֤ݣֻǲ²ˡ
ԣľ΢΢һ٣޵ø
֪ɾŴˣҾôһ飬ҪĻҿԸǸǸҲΪá
˱ͣһ۾Ѿ
ŮöľЩᷳ΢΢üͷ
Ҫôһ飬Ҳ㣬ˡ
ֻԺҵĶһԼ鲻ٷһΡľɳ˵
ʮ࣬Ҳھľ겻顣
˶еߵģľ겻ãǲΪã鶼û
ҡ´βˡľС˵˿ģƺЩ¶ľɡ
磬סί˵Ϳôһ¡
ֻǶľƺ˵ֱ鲢ûô򵥣ǶľϾãڼҳҲֻôһŮʤС
ֻҪûʲô⣬ȥƽϡ
ûʲôˣͳȥɣԺʱڼ裬˾ʦܶ࣬ҲһҪ㣬Һ飬ٹһ㡣ľž˾ĪԶ
ĸоöľܲǶľ˵ЩɵӣȻе˼
Ƕľڸ˾òҪȥΨһξڼʤС
Ǻá
Ǿ档
ľȻˬǱϻǴӦˣϾľڼеĵλһֱеҪ
磬ҳȥˡľ곯ЦЦԼᣬſ첽˳ȥ
Ķľɣڶľ뿪֮˵ıͱ˱䡣
ʲôӣûйϵš
ɷϣľȷãĸ鲻ֻͨѪԵ֤ģºһ֮ͥʮ꣬˵û˶ٸ顣
ʱԽµһЩΪ϶ľɱʾ֪飬ֻŵԼã鶼ºͶԴһЩ
ʤľβΡ
Ϊ磬ûи飬ҲиһС
ֵֵöãǾһˡ
ùһ㡣ϣľ΢΢һԼװ
Ͽ˭ʮ䵭ȴʮԼͥǼеʤС
С֮鲻Ӱ쵽װʲôûзģŸոճȥĶľ꣬ҲὫ˵ʤ
˼ˣ첽˳ȥڿɳϵʤʱ˵裬𣿡


338Ҫʼж

֮ļľҲٶԽʲô
ϾľɲŸոշԼΪʱʲô飬֪µĻնľɶڽµά˵Լõĺܻܿܵί
ԹӴҼҪڶľңԲʱԽߡ
ֻһֱҪľΪɹĪȴڼмĶš
ľôˣôǱһϢûУĪԼֻԭڴܹ濴һϢ
ֻϧ˺üˣʲôûС
ʵ̲ˣŲͨ˶ľĵ绰
ιꡣǱߴʱĪ֪鲢ûôˡ
ֻǶľжȴʧˣԲŻӡ
ôˣ뵽ĵѯһ䡣
֮ϣľ꽫췢˵һ˵һֱҪȥĻûˡ
ӹѾܶˣǶڱȴһչҲûС
ȻľԴӰ֮󣬶ЩҲһߵ⼸췢ȫ˵˳
Ҳ֪ǸϵʲôҸԵߵģ磡
ᵽĪӷɵʱ
߷Ѿ˶ľǮĽΪʲô˼ҪĪϣ
뵽̲סԹ˼䡣
ԣĪаľûãܹİ취ʵҲһֱ£ƫƫô˵طˡ
ǱϻİοŶľ̫꣬ϲˣһҲûа취㲻Ҫ̫żˡ
Ȼ⼸죬ڶ㣬ҲͰһ㣬Ϊһ£ԼĹϵֽ˵Ц˵ϿΪ룬ʵĲС
ľ겻ԼֵĻͱϻؾΪԼô飬㱻ľԣôɵ
ԭǿұ˵ģұ˵ĻͲô˳ѾȲҪľɺͽ·ֿʱģ
ʼգöľǱŴ޹ƭˣǸ˾ûбϿô
һУҪһУҪľİæŻ˳ĵز
ο϶ľ꼸֮󣬸ܵ΢ЩָĪ˸ɹҶ˵绰
²㣬࣬黹ҪҶֲСĪɫ
΢΢ͣһ֮Ѿ뷨
żһһҪ
ҹ涼ð
һĪƽʱһڼ￴ӣооƷȻѾûϯʦĳƺš
鱦Ȧ·ҲΪһõİ
ЩֻҪĪϯʦʲôܹˡ
ʱ֪Ϣʱ˵жһУΪ²Żˡ
ϯʦλϣɹΪ˺ü˾ȡݣһݽ˶ľţǸţʦҪȥ롣
Ϊľɶʦأľ鱦ƷĳɾֶͣЩҪȥԭ
Ľ£һŹ㣡Īҧ洫
үˣԷ𣿡
ԣĪ۾һѾ뷨
Ҳͳ˳ȥ˸߲ҵģж༤ˡ
磡
ȻոմӷĪ۾ģÿһ¥ոսĪӷɡ
ԣĪӷ΢΢̧ͷĪãɣ֮ǰʧǵڣ֪ıˣҲԸ⳨ĻĪ½
ôôأĪӷҲ
һ˵ţһߵ˷Աߣļķһһİڵķ˳ʹôһ¡
ĪЩ飬Ц¥Īӷɵߣ磬ٲҶӿҪˡ
˵Щίգգ۾ƺĪӷһ㡣
״ĪӷεҡҡͷĪͷ
ӣǻױҲǵױ֮ǰŨױĨ˵ˣڵԸ񣬺ǰǸɵú
״ĪӷҲ⡣
ԼþӦɵӣҲϲĽ
ѽҪǶ˿ȳԵģֲҴ绰ңҪҹûôæ㻹öӶùУ
죬Ͻ°ɡĪӷЦ˵ֻǿãͻȻ뵽ǰĽ£ʱҲɵӣԼӷɸ硱


339

ƺǸܵĪӷı仯Īգգ۾ֻǱȴûʲô仯
˰ĳŷżĪҲѯʼĪӷɹ飬˵̬ȣĪ֮ǰΣѾ˺ܶˡ
һٷԵĽζĪӷͻȻ뵽ʲô΢ĿĪڼҲеİɣҪȻȥ˾һ棿
ǰĪǲôԸȥģĪϣԸȥǶľţΪľԲŻ״
ҲΪˣĪӷɴʼȥʣõĹϵҲ𽥱Į
񣬿ԼĪԽԽɣĪӷɵҲ⿪ʼڴܹõõͬ⣬ȥԼĹ˾
ԣʱĪ΢΢㶣ЩϲõҪ˵ʲôʱƺΪ뵽ʲôϽҡҡͷ
磬һǲȥ˰ɡ˵ţ΢΢ͷƺЩʧӡ
ԣĪӷЩ⣬ոտۿĪԸģôһӣ͸ıأ
ѲɣȥҲǲס
ôͻȻȥˣҿҲȥİ˵ˣĪϿǼĹ˾ȶľŸֵȥ𣿡
˵ʱĪӷлЩˬ
ԭҲҪز˵˵ȥʵĳ棬ľҲùϵıһ㡣
ƺǸܵĪӷɵĪҲһûзӦϽҡҡͷԴһ˹һ㡣
磬ʵΪüͷ˵
ΪʲôĪӷĿĪ
ҡݣ֮ǰô飬ôôȥȥˣǸǼﶪ𣿡ͷϵķѾ˸ȥˡ
Īӣʮģһ֮ŻĪӷɣѾ۵Ĳˡ
˺ˣˣôˣԼˣ˭Ҫ˵Ļҿ϶Ҫѵǵá
Īӷ˵ţϽĪԣļ
дǹȥˣȻǰЩǲԣǿԸĵǾڿ̫ܹܲ㣬ȥľˣҲ֮ǰ飬ֻǵĺá
ΪĪѹĪӷ˵ЩʱҲԵرᣬûһҲƽ
ȻǼ٣ҲҪԼжϵĲˡ
Īӷɰο˺ܾòŻָĪɳϣ΢΢ͷѹ˫۾Īӷɿĵطƺ˼ʲô
硣ʱĪͻȻ̧ͷ뵽ʲôЦЦ˶ƤмҪ˵
۾ģžĪ
ԣĪӷɻĿĪôˣǲʲôҪ˵ģҲ֪ӴӹΪ֮ǰЩӰ죬¾Ҫ˵
Īӷüͷ˵
ԴӸոĪ˵ԼһЩ뷨֮ᵣ⣬ǲ
ĪҪľЧ
ʵҲǹҵֻǿϲ£Ϊʲô˵أ
Ī˵̽Եһ䡣
Ȼ˵֮Īӷɵıͱ˱䣬Щ֡
磬ôˣ֪ĪӷΪʲôǱϻװ̫׵ӡ
Ҫ˵ǰȽϳ嶯Ļڵ͸ܹ̣ܹαװ
Ҳ֪ںͶľһˣϲҲֲܹɢ˵顣飬Īӷɵ̬ʮࡣ
ϲҲӦԼĵߡ
Īӷɵ̬ȣĪҹͬǱϻ棬ҳϿҵͷǵȻҿƺ֪ϲžеϧϲ㣬ҾøҲӦðԼ뷨˵Ҳûźˣ𣿡
ԼϲˣǶԷûѣŮѵģһ뾡취ԼϲķԼߣΪԼĶ
Լ뷨˵ļƻ㲻ܹýºͶľ˷ֿҲһҪ취ýܵһѵ
е뷨
Ȼ˵ģĪӷɵ鿴Щԥ
ǲ̫ˣĪӷ΢΢̧ͷЩɻؿԼãʱ·ΪһССͲµһ
ƺǶʮָȤġ
Īе⣬ֹ˵ǰԼԼ뷨˵£ܾˣҲƵĻţ˵أ
ĪЦ˵


340Լ

ȻĪ˵Щ֮Īӷɵı˱䣬ܹؿҲΪĶ뷨ġ
ѽ磬ͱˣϽɣ⼸쿴ʱ͵͵һƺЩѹӣ;ﲻ˵Īգգ۾Щӡ
áԥһ֮Īӷ˵һĿᶨѾˡ
֮ĪۿԼĸֻó´˵绰
绰ûͨʱ˾ͽ
ԱĪϣοЦݡ
Ȼһ֮Ǳ߾ͽͨ˵绰
ιǱʱ򣬾̸̳ܶܶĪӷɣҲһӽ
ȱ֮ǰҹ˾飬һ˵˵գգ۾˵
ÿҪԼ³Ҫһʵɵġ
ȻĪӷ˵ģǱԥһ֮Ӧ
˼䣬һֱҶϵ绰ĪӷɶЩûзӦ
ѽ磬ҲҪԱߵĪһЦ˵һܵĪӷɵ󣬸
Ѹ˵Ķ˵ˣʲôʵҲûôҪѽæһˣȥϢϢɣĪЦģҲ֪Լĸﵽϲʲôá
Ծֹ֮䶼п˼С
Ī˵⼸䣬ĪӷɵȻ˲١
ֻĪӷɵһֱץԼֻƺΪ뷽Ž´ͨ绰˶Щġ
Ǹûᣡ
ĪһдϽĪӷϵֻ
磬ھͱֻˣȥϴɣֻأҾ㱣ܣ֮ٸ㡣
װƤĪûĪӷɵĵĻɣؿԼá
úúãȥϴ裬ԼҲϽط˯ȥĪӷ˵֮㳯ԼķȥԼֻΪܵɣȻȻķĪϡ
ĿĪӷѾĪһĪӷɵֻ
ղ͵룬ڷǳ㡣
òҵ˶ľĵ绰֮͵͵ĸһţڶŵݾԼȥͬһҿȹݺȿȡ
һԭԤıģԼľһȥʱǱȽģҲֻܿеȫò
쿴ʲô뵽ĪЦЦʮֵ⡣
һûб뷨ѵһ½¡
ĪӷɣϴʱͿԼֻѾ˴ͷϣĪѾĴ˯ˡ
״ĪӷεЦЦǺ˱ӣת뿪
֪ǣŴϵһ˲䣬ԭڴƺѾ˯ĪͻȻԼ۾
˫ЦʮԣѾЩȲˡ
ڶһ磬ڼеõĪӷɶŵĶľѾĲС
벻ȻͻȻԼҳȥȿȣѲҲϲң뵽ֿܣľͿƲסЦ˳
ԭڵĪӷɣֻнһˣԺҪһͱ
ҲûôҪ
ʱһ㣬߰˵ѾˣΪľܹúôԼѡһÿ·ȥĪӷԼᡣ
һҪƯƯġžԼľĵ˵ͷ
ĳԭͲԼĸ׵ĳоֻܹΪǰڶľңȽƶһֱûʲôܹԼֻ߱ԼصľѾкüˣʱоĿɲ٣˿ҲԽഺˡ
ԼľĪĵȴȫµʲ֮⣬ΪԼûʲôõĵط
֮󣬶ľŸ߸˵ʰԼֻǿһʱ䡣ڲ11࣬ĺܡ
˳ȥÿˣɳϿӵʤС
꣬ôôÿأѲҪ˳ȥ棿˵ʤЦ¡
ϾľҲСˣҪ̸Ҳʲôܵ顣
ԣƽʱôĶľ꣬ԵЩ
裬˵ʲôأǸѳȥ棬ɲҪ밡ľЩ˵ȻϿĵģ黹ûгɹ
ȳɹˣһе˶֪顣
ֻҪ뵽ĪӷɣĪļ
һˣ²ҪãͻΪˡ
ֻҪ뵽ЩȲҪȥȹݣԼϲǸˡ


341һ

ƿһ룬зԱ΢Цǰһƣ˵Ҫʲô?
°˰֣ͷΣ˵Ȳȣ˵ġ
˿̵ķԱ¶һȻı飬˽µ֣Ц˵ǽ½Ůʿ԰ɣոһĪһнµˣҴǱߣ˵ʲôе·ա
˵Աµ͸¶һŨŨİ֮ɫЩ˵Ǹòǳ˰ɣ
Ҹ˵ҿǺóģ˰ǲܹŹž޷ˡ
εĿŷԱ˵ҲһץסԱӣֹͣеһж
ҿˣҺʲôϵûУһѶѡѾм˺𣿡
ǺǣҲ֪ĺܲ˼˵գԱ͹ԹԵĴŽȥĪӷɡ
Ŀĵأ¿ȥͿĪӷɾϣʱʱĶֻ´ֻÿһϢ
˹ȥһ¼Ц˵úõģôпԼҳȿѽʲôҰ𣿡
ĪӷЦҡҡͷµ飬ЦǿúòãľûкúöԴ㡣
µ˫۳Ͽ˻ʱõĶž¶Цݣü۴ЦĶ˵ۣܺ⼸ҹرģҲرϾء
ţǾͺáĪӷͻȻ֪˵ЩʲôˣΪ˱Σ˲˵һЩƷٰѲƷݸ˽£˵㿴Щʲô㣬͡
ʱľſڻ˺ܾãʼûҵĪӷڵĵطʱرóֻһϢ֪ܣΪһϲϢ֪ǰ֪ϲˣô˼ǰɡ
ɻվˣҲǻᵢԱĹģһԹۿķԱѾľģþˣڿȥˣǰѯ
λŮʿҪЩʲôأ
ľŤӣˣ۾͸¶һУЩ˵֪Īӷ֪ϽҴȥ
ǡ
Աţ һеͬʱŮĸʲôֲǺֱӽȥĻпܻᵼŮ֮սͻĪ˵ȵȡ
㲻㲻ڵ档
ĪӷڵĵطľվߣԱ߾Լ·ڶԼױ忴رÿ΢Ц˽ȥ
һ߽ȥľϵЦǡ
ײĪӷｭ²ĳʹĿȫǣûðɣֱӳȥʽ£ӣôһѻô¼𣿡
һʣѽֱλϿŶľꡣ
ľ꿴Ž»ϲΪƲˣͷַ׼ݣû˿顣
!!ʹļУһԵĪӷɿȥƿľ꣬ű齭ûˡ
ͷ˺üһŻȼգĪӷһתԶľ˵
񾭲㣬úõܹʲô?ʲôˣ
ľ겻ŵ۾Īӷɣһ߾ָԼʵ񾭲?ְָĪӷɵ˵񾭲ѵôboy friendˣȥˣⲻǷʲô ңЩʲô
ľô˵£ĪӷɵŭԽԽˣĵıҶϾļİΣһûһرõĹҲᣬⳡۻġ
ľλЦһ£û˵ʲôˣźĿ£ҲǱĪӷȥˣƾʲôңƾУ޹!
뵽ľֱһ£˶ûзӦľ꿴û֯ΪҶôùһȣٶȴӽµͷϵ¡
ⲻͬոһΪ̫ˣµĿǸŪģ̵£һõȫ¿϶һطǷ˺ۡ
ôû!
Īӷֱ߶ľ꣬䣬Ŷľһǲǽûӻʲô˼ҿ黹һΣô֪ôˣúùȥ顣
˵գ˾ˣľҲί뿪ˡ


342¼ⰲο

ܳĶľڴϣ̧ͷգǿյڴϣ̧ͷգѹ
ƾʲôҲǱģΪʲôͽǸ˵õĹģֻ⵽Ϊʲô
ľûκȤƷ·Ͱľ궼ûȤȥһۡ
ӶŸոЩ飬ԼΪʲôԼѾƯˣҽƯ100ΪʲôͲϲԼأ
ˣһ԰ĳŲԶİ׸ŹӣһҸǣ֣Ľ
ͻȻһӰĽűߣԼҲһĨľ걾ûʲôоĨоԽԽǿңͿʼЩ¡
ľתͷһĪ
һĪͺ񿴵ԼߵĶ󣬱㺬ſǻѽ췢һһʮĸ
Īϰο£ڶľ꿴ĵط͵͵һָֻۣ
ҾǲľӣһޣϵױˣĪԼ·մ˻ױƷ۵׵֮ɫԽԽŨҡ
ƿ˶ľֿ꣬ǹ˵ˣ㿴۾ϵױˡ
˵գĪûԼ·ָ棬㿴Щոտ޵ʱ䵽ҵ·ˡ
ĪѶľһطѶľ갴һǽ ñ˵ķʽһЩ顣
ľ꿴ôԼԼ鲻ԽͰǸ˵ͷĪӷɵӣĪ૵ҪۿһΣǸöð
ĪҲ֪ǰˣҲôϾܵˡ
Ҹ˵ʵɣ²Ͽô򵥣ʵͬʱĸһͬʱ
ÿѵŮѣѱȥ˺
˵ĪͷЦ˵ľ꣬ÿôܻ˲Ҫأ϶㲻Ҫˡ
õĶľЦÿ˺ܶ࣬Ǳһ죬ĵر֪࣬ôݡ
һĪϴԣĪϴԵĹرɹһĹ򣬶ľͶԽµĺøжȳΪµ֡
´ҿ϶Ҫ˺һٻغϣҲҪսϾþûӲӲӲˡ
һߡ
ͷϺ·ϵ۹ͻȻǰر꣬Լʲôûͻӡ
ҽҲùˣȻ˸ÿȣһȫİȹӾôˡ
ĪӷɰͷƫͷĶԽʵҪҪȥϴͷ?ǰˣǿỹǺŶҪҰϴɣϴͷǺܻأڼҰĸϴͷĸ׶Ҽܺá
ԼľͷƤرͣĪӷɰȥˮϴϴͷµģ뵽ʲôˣȴʱҲŪȥԼϴء
뵽¾ͶĪӷҡҡͷǲˣ֮ӦҲҪеģոնľ˵Ķԣһмҵˣܻ֮ǰǴ֣˹أҲ᲻ÿ
Īӷһ£žͺʧ䣬û뵽ľĳƻеļƻǳ֮⡣
ͻȻĪӷ뵽ʲô͵̧ͷ£ʵǶľոǼ£Ҫô
üЦŷʵ⻹ҪôѪͺ?
͡
ĪӷЦſӵĽ£ʵΪʲôأô?
ҡҡͷߵԱߣóֻһϢֻ˻ȥóСƷϴˮߵˮء
ٶĪӷЩԣҲЩջСϴˮΪɶûϴˮΪɣܾϴͷ֮ϵǺõΪκ
ϴͷššͷоšĲˣͰͷ΢ȷڼϣصԭĵط
ĪӷɻһֱԼ͹֮ǰһƷţеŵˣЦ˵㷢ʲô񾭲úõʹƷŰ
Īӷҡҡͷʾ¡
¾ĲʲôˣΣ뿴ʲôɿطôҶҲͻȻͷԼ·뵽ʲô
Īӷ˵ˣȻȥˣҪȻһĨ·ĺó󡣡
á


343¼

Īӷһۣˡ
һ·ϣÿȵ·ڴϸλۣ˶׷׻ͷϾ˳ǣֺõĸеŮĲϲ
ЩϽֿ£Ů߷ߵĵ˽һۣžзĶֵˣǰз˽һۡ
¿ǰʱҲģû취ĳڸһ·ܵ
֮
ߵԼԱߣ򿪳˽ȥѰһԾֱ̱ϣһ췢һУ͸ˡ
úõĽܱ룬ȥȱȶѣ
ֱ²Щˣ㷳ﳾȥ
һʱ󣬽»ص
ţߴζ֪ոջһ˹ϾζҲֻϲУŲ塣
½˷䣬ϴ裬˼· Լ˵ˮŰڶͷɣˮ˵ϣһͷĵζ
Щ»ЩԼһ˿ӱһ£̾ѡˮ㣬˯ˮͷϣϾԻһΡ
ŽѾ鷿鷿ϵİ칫ļһ߶һЩԾͷ۵ĿЦһ૵ѹեˣϾô˰
˵ͻȻʱ빤ˣ˳鷿ȥһױˣ϶Ҫȥܹġ
ĥĥһСʱŻױݣžеԼû˵ʲô
»ܣһѶûԼҪĶñӵĵطӱͻȻһһԼԵñӣͷһǣڿӣţ
Щ²Կ׳š
ͣ
ڵʪ񴢴氮ļ䣬ϣ²ͣ.ºŸ裬ԼǱߡ
ųţԼǰͻȻܳһˣŵý죬ڳˡ
ƣԼͶʱͻȻܳһˣεİٷֱǱȾŶ40%ġ
¸ЦһᣬΪǱӰˣѯʵ?
תһĪЦȥʵʲô??ڼ?
Īŵð˰֣˫͸һίˣҽǵģ֮ǰôҵĲԣҪôҶԽܵ!˵գĪԽһ90ȵľϹ
¿ĪԼϹ͸һɲţúõôԼϴ?ϴҲˣǴоϹʽġ
֮ǰ飬¿ɲĪôĳ⣬ĪǰĿģžǻǸɡ
Īͷŵذ壬ӻǴ90ȾϹ״̬ΪǶȽ¿ı飬Ϳʼ¶
Ϲôˣô?·ʱǷȻ˵ǰҲ׷ǳΪ𣿡
ȵĪҪſӶʼҡҡλεʱĪͷһ
ɡ
¿Ī͸¶䱸΢΢һüͷ˵ҸʲôҼǵҺûʲôɣ
ĪЦһЩɬİɢҵ쵽ߺ˵̸̸ֻĶѡ
̸̸???
ЩĿĪͬʱҲЩ裬ȫ֪˺«ʲôҩҲ֪ĪǶĺûǼٵĺã֮һ仰СΪ
̸ܺʲôģɱҺľ档
ĪЩֱߵȹڣҧҧ´£Ű˫ַؿǰ棬Ͱ͵˵֮ǰķԺŷһѴ󣬿ҽǸģϣĽܡ
ٶɹŵ£óֻ㿪Ļ˿ʱ䣬ţԼĸ첲˻ʹҲ
Īһ뵽֮ǰ飬Щƽ⣬Ī֮ǰԭ²ˣΪһ˺
һĲںĪرܹýԭԼģýжԼķģûж£ոһŬҪ׷!
뵽ĪŽ£ﰵе찡ܰҶֵôϿˣôܡ
µͷ˼ţ֪棬ĪõӦòΪʱ


344¸һؼ

ľڹ˾źܷģ뵽ԼѾýԼڼҴ˺ö죬ҲûйעûкúóԷ͸Ȧʱ˱š
Ϊ»СƢ
Էءλø¡
ͷûᣬ˼¾Сȥ˶ľɡ
ϣԼյŵһɲȷʵϲ񣬿ϸĲΪæȷʵԼҲûʲô뵽ͺѹ
ﳰԼŮǽ顣
ôûϴľɿŽͷɢԭסЦˣ־뱧ȴһˡ
¹ߵĿŶľɣⲻ֪ԼĴԼˡɱ»ɰô˵ţȥ˶ľɡ
ԼǰСΪһСëͳԴ׵ӻǿɰըëèƵģҿû˵˾ɰ˵»
ԣͷȲĬڵһԲֻԼʱǴһܰյ飬ŶľɷװӻԺȻ
֣һѱ£оӺʹķ̫ˡ
ҴˣӦòġͷڽµĶ˵ţһʱԾܾҲ˵Щʲô
νԺУǰͲͨ;ȫԼĶľɡڴ϶ΪԼŮ˶оǿ
ŽһûзӦӲɵúЦϾͻȻԼ绰Щϲ
ҲεĺܣںͶľɷٷչĹϵҲʱһЩˡֻ治֪˵
ߣһؼҡľקµ֣¶ȲߵӺҲ˳ų˼
Ŷľӻ߳Ĳﲻ̾˿ûкͷǻǸӺͺɫģϾľɷƢһѺҲ˵ȫġ
ĸң
ҼҡôһԵҳȵĻý΢ĪܸµѼӲҲйϵǲԸԼѾԭ˶ľɡʵĵԶľûʲôˣʵ벻ףԼͶľɵʲôĹϵ
ͨͨܲúŮѡ
߽˵ʲôΪֻôһԽѡϣδ˰ɡ
Ҳ̫ҡµ˫۾޹ҲĲȥңֻǺʲôԽ飬ֻǻûôȥļˡ
˲ϲָôأ
²ȥĵЩֻֻ۾ľɵ΢飬뿴ʲôķӦĲ̫ȥԶľˡ
ľɵıԭ泩˲ͱ˳üüëšˡ֣ҲȥΪʲô ֻòſ¡
㲻ԸһؼңǺ¼˶ľһнܣʵʵڵһҲʵʵڵýɫףҲǱĬĸıԼԶľɵĿ˲ΪĵģʱҲ۰ԼʼǲǷ۰ʲô
µ˵ͷ֪ͦľɵ׻ô˵
£ľɽסٽȫֻʱ򡣾ԼҲôΪˣΪԼְѶľˡ
˸ԵЩģš
ͦϣҴŮѻؼҵġľ˵꣬촽ﲻ֪ЩʲôЩû壬ΪǼ󣬱ϾŶľɵҲʵЩЦ
ǣδϣǸҰ˵
˵ˣԼԸʵҲԸ϶ľ˵滰һʱģ֪ôش
סˣѡƫͷȥȥľɣҲѡ񱣳ֳĬ
һؼҺòãȥǣҪԵġľɷ·֪ʲôƵģ˽£һɿɬԾȥ֪ú˵ЩʲôãҲ֪еıԼ뷨
ȷԼԺԵԽľᣬ֪λشľҲ֪ԼǾܾǴӦҪǼ˲ľ˵ָôأЩԥ
ȥң˶ƫҪңô죿µƶҲʣЩ¡
仰һΰ˵ս˱㡣
ЩɬôȥʽӦľɡ˵ԼĶĶĺɡ
ᣬҡһ仰ýµĳ
ľɵٴӲ˵Ҫȸոնһ˿Ӱ˺˧ҲյģκһŮҲӦɡ
Լƾһ仰ġ


345ʤеף

һؼҡľҲٹִµһʣȴ˷񶨵һҪ˰ɡ
Ҳûڷ񶨵Ҳûͬ⣬ֻǱֳĬеʱĬͦáȻˣľɵļҽµȷȥľɵƺȥҡ
ԽĳĬöľɵԽǻҡȷµǲǶԼи飬Ȼ˵ԼķǳͶ顣Լ鰮ⷽûк֪ܶ
Ϊʲô˵ľɴӷ⾵ȥ£תͷȥԼԽҲȥǿ£ϾԼֵĺܽˣ˺ܶ£Ҳ˺ܶ㺡
ΪʲôҪ˵µʵЩ̫ðɡöľЩ䣬ԵЩˡ
ͬ𣿡ľζһЦڳ£ǻǶ˵Ůôҳأ޲ﶼµ˰ɡ
˶
ĸŮ˲Щ߹ȥһУ㺮ϵеĻʪ˵ȻǼҳǻɡ
˻ص˼ңʤжԶľɴŮʾ⾪ȡ
ǣŲزסϲ
Ůѡţ̲סڳ˾
ʤжԽ¸ϲ
ˣɫⲻÿ
ô˰ƽĽ½ĲôڱôĬľһڶľ£һ߻ڡʵǼĻţԲûסڡ
Ŷľֻ˵ΪԼ˵ĲԣϴģԼ˵˻Ͳ˵
˵ʲôѵϲ½Ĳ㣿˼˵ţϲ½˰ɣ
߶һҲˣȻ߶߶꣬˷ĺܡ
ұ죬ôĶ¶콭½㽭½㣬ܻܵҵܵܣ
ľҲЩΣǷûţж󰡣ԼĶľٶ˵û
˵ɣǮ˵ûüһֻľٵ°ͣ͸Źɺݾ
ݵ棬ºǸ˶֪ľɲϲ
ûа˵Ů𡭡
ľίͰ͵ĿŶľɣһããȻ֪Ȼ
²жľɵ˼֪һϲһҪ֮һ⡣
Ƕľٲ£һ Īˣ飬졣
һԼô֪ô¶ˣ
ľľô˵̫Թȴһ仰û˵֪˵ɶҲٰԱ
㿴㣬쵽ˣҪӻ
ʲôʱһľһ˾ţҵǲżʤҲǶԽʮżֲ֪˵Щʲôá
¶˺һڿô˺ö춼ûгǴҴ
ȻôģʱǲһȻһĻ⣬뿪
ʤ뿪ԺľɲŽʮѺõĳŽµһЦ
Ȼľɽڽߺ˵Ĵ㡣
ҸղźͶľ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ֪ĵʲôһԹ̸̸ľ̾˿ŽϴЩĸӱ˵ıһʲôг⣬ǿŽʮָӡ
ִӴһӣһ߰һ߸ľ˵㽲
ٯٯһķѾ˷
ڷϣľȴô֡
ôãҽһɣļҵģľ۵ĿŽ£ƢʺãûдСӣǲˡȻ˵ŮձԵоֹܵõֻʺõĵǲ
ľô˵̱ģ˵ʲôĥ˺üʶԼĳҺŵˡæţǲǣǸͨˣͨʦ˵ļҵģֶҺԶأǲܣԺҲ̫ܡ
ʦΪʲôûм㣿˵ӦúĲŶ԰ʺãûÿôܲأľɵ
ȻԷƤһЦЩε˵˾䣺û취ѽˮ̫βѽ
ʵֻǶľĶѡ
ô˵Ķı̸ֻʺãúÿ˵ʵҲǿġ
ʦðɣҶȦ˽ⲻҾʦͷɴµģҪڵĳλӰҪǿ
ľٽΧţ¶ľĲٺ


346¹

ʤһý³ƻһý³Եġ
ڹ˾ϰ۲ѽ˳˳ѽ֮Ļ
öľ꿴ʵѾǰŮ˺˰˰ˡ
ʵܲ˾ﰵ˵佭²õĻʤһпմѽöľߡ
ʵľڹôڣҲʲôУһۡ
ʤĵĺܿģľɿĵôģԼҲ졣
һľҵıķ˵ѾˣҹȥԷ
ʤУ˳Ķ˵λӡ
ŶľĸԱߣľҪȥڶľԱߡ
ȻʤоͿ˵:ѽߣº͸һ𡣡
ľ仰ǿһԸ⣬˵ԼҪ͸һ顣
ʤо˵ôôأԼ£ľԸʤеߡ
ȻҲԾ˶ľɵߣľɿһۣͷ
Էʱʤýһ㣬㿴㶼ôˣ϶ϰ۵ġ
һвһʢģЩľ꿴
ľֿʼˣļвˣװԼôҲвסӡ
ȻԶľ˵ԼУʱʤп˵:ҰУҲԵѽ
˵žľ˺öˡ
øԼвûгɹǲŽҪѿ
ףϴҿһںĪӷڿȿȣǸ˺Ŷľ꿴Ž˵
ͣе꣬ûкͶľӣǿǰĲ̡
ʤô˵Ҳо֣Īӷôͽ㵽һȥ?
ľ仰Ҳе꣬Ž˵:ȥͿ?
ţǵġĪӷйңȻԼ˿һֹ̽ġ
̸?ôԼڹ˾̸أҪȵ°֮ȥ̸˭̸֪ʲô!ľ̵
ľһֱŽҪô͡
ҵȻΪ˹ˣЩ˲֪ȥģ׵һȣѵԼ˽𣿡
˵ǵڶľӡ
ľҲ˵ˣǵĸ׺͸棬ʱˡ
ʤÿȵæĵ˵:ʲôѽ?ô?ʲôÿ?
ʵ˵ģǿľ경ԼԼҲûа취Ͱ˵˳
ľ˵˶ľꡣ
ô£ľɿŶľꡣ
ңں˵˵ʲôÿѽʲôϵ㿴Ҹ
ľ˵ʱһĸףһŶľɣװʲô֪ӣоԼ޹
ʤҲô£ÿôصһҪ˭ġ
꣬˭˿ȣû˵ѽʤйĵ
˭ղŲǻ˵ҺĪӷںͿ߹ȥͲ׵İѿõϡ
ľǶľ飬ľꡣ
˭ȫҲСˣ黹ôء
ľɿʼľꡣ
ľ꿴Ÿ绹ڽ:磬ôô˵أҿںĪӷһǿ϶ǹϵô򵥡
ľôԼᶼ۳ˣͼԭ¡
ʤҲʼľꡰѽôأ鶼ûи̫嶯ˡ
ĸҲǸ˵ԼҲⲻˣԿʼ
ֿʼԼΪ˵ԼʱҲûпǸ˭Ȼȥ˿ȡ֮ŷǽѾˡ
˵ʱԼѾǸˣ㻹ǶԲģԼҲûа취ˡ
ڿӣԼˣֻʤôһ
ʤкͶľô˵Ҳȥ
Ľûб̵
˵Լû¶ÿȲǺ̡
ľɰѽԼߣĸ˵ԼίˣԺ󲻻鷢ˡ
ҲģͿͱȽСķϱһʶ˰ԺʱںúøһΡ
ʤ˵ԼҲߵ˽ߣͷ§Լ
ľ꿴һ˶ڹĽԼŲʣ޵ĸˡ
ʤˣԼ飬ҽҲûֵ˼ڻޡ
ľĸô˵ԼûӣܵԼķ䡣


347¹ϵ

ľ¥֮󣬿ֻԷ
ʤǰÿȵ֣֮Լûչ˺
Էʱһ仰Ҳû˵ֻһвˣϾ˵ôĻҲûõģҪʵж
ڷĸոյ֮ʳ½Žĵĳһٷġ
Ǳľһ֣һ鶼ûˡ
ľɿ˽˼ĵôôˣǲǸղŵ顣
һۣûлش
Ȼķֲ죬ʤҲ˽ڵ˼
˵:ǳԵôˣҪǳԱˣùܼҰѷ˰ɣ
ʤвǿŲķˣŪĴҶͦΡ
ͷʾԼԱˣȻʤоͷԸܼҰʣķˡ
֮󼸸ڿӣڵĵӾģûʲôͷ
ʤ˵԰½һأ鼸˳緹֮󵽺԰תһת
鲻պÿɢɢ͸͸Ҳȥ԰תת
԰Ļޣһ̳иɫõ壬ľߵ̳ǰժһɫõ͸
߹ȥø˵һ:㿴ÿĻǴ̵ģֻдˣŻ˸ϧ 
õ壬ԼҲ֪˵仰ʲô˼
ֻõӹڱͷ˵һ:š¶һ˿Цݡ
ľɿ΢΢һЦȻҲܿġ
ʤǰ·˺棬˸Ͽ߸Լǰ͵ˡ
Ȼһ첽ʤеĽŲ
أкܶ㣬мһȪֵš
ʱܼʳ
ʤýͶľһι㣬һʳȥЩСͨͨεʳ
ĵЦʤпôģԼҲ
ˣԱߵϢ
ʱѾĵˣľҪͽȥ
ھҪȥ𣿸һǺܿģоʱ̫ˡʤһӡ
ľ˵ԺʱŶأ´ˡ
ʤֶԽ˵ԺϰҪʱԷҪˣʲôľ;ľ̡
ѽ㸸ĸʲôʱʱѽҪǲæĻһԼʱԶٷɣʤͻȻðһ仰
Ҳûзԡ
ѽʱҲæһصҸ˵һ£Ȼ󶨺ʱ绰!
ʤô˵ǿġ
ţãǾôˣҾͽˣʱ䶨֮һǵøҴ绰ѽ
ĺˣԷҿ϶ᾡ찲ŵġʤпĵ˵
ľýſڵԼȥѳ
ʤŽһſڣʤһһŽ 
̫˼ˣȲҪϣԼԺһúù̶ܽľԺҪʲôֱӹҡ
ʤﻹǺܹⲻȥ췢顣
ֻֻЦҲû˵ʲô
˴ſڿľѾѳӿˣɫ˹˹ĺҫۡ
ľɿ߹֮³Ϊ򿪳š
ϳ֮ʤöľɿСģͽָȻһ绰ƣ
ʾԼԼĸһԷ顣
ͷĻָ
漴ľӡ
ʱľɿ˵:ԺҪûԺҵһٴȥԵԵĶ
شԵͦõģȥϢˣҲͦˣϻȥҪļҪ컹Ҫϰࡣ
ľô˵̹Լʵһ
춼ûкദʱ䣬ôõĩ˷ˡ
˽ô£ѽ
ƽʱİԵܲãôôճˣѵǳԴҩ?
Ȼô룬ֲ˵Ҫ˵ľɿ϶ҪذԵܲõˡ
Ļ첻ȥԷˣԼȥúϢһء
Ժʱ䳤أȲȥ˰ɣ㿪϶Ҳˡ˵仰ʱϹЦݡ
öľɺܿġ
˽¥£ľְѽ§Լţһ仰Ҳû˵
˺һûɿ
˵:㶼ôˣڱȥҪˡ
ľŰѽɿ³֮ľɻ֡
ľ¥͹ԹԵȥ
ľɵĿһֱû뿪ֱӰʧ뿪
ľɻصԼļ֮ܵľķ䡣
ľ꿴ԼܿģΪǸԼġ
Ժ뽭ԶһЩԺҪڶõ飬Ҳưոݵġ
˵ﳤȥľһվſڡ


348

ϣľҵķϣһҵ˶ڵķǳȫ϶ӦĶľɶڼ
ľҵķϲûôأ෴ʲô˵ʲôʲôڷ˵ǡ
ǶľȴǸ⣬ڶľꡢľٺʤ˵ʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ųĬȻû˵̸ݶһֲ©ĴĶڡ
˵Ҷþûȥȥһˣʱ䣬ҾȥһݣýСְСؼˣ˳ҲȥǵİܳþãҲȥɣҲȥӱǡʤдȰĿŶľɣϣľܹͽºúõһ
ȻǰǼҵŮⲢӰһأȻûκѪԵϵΪʲôһأ
ʤжⷽ沢û̫Ľ棬һ˳Ȼͺá
裬ҺСӦû⣬ǴӦþȥˣ˾һĿûɣ⼸æĽͷöģӦûʱȥҺС͹˰ɡľŵѾľɡ
Ǻ߲ûнĺ⣬ľƲһ۵Ȼ趼˵ˣȻҪȥģҲѾܾûкúˣóһλ
ľžžľЩΣֻܹ˼ЦЦ
ľ˵ĻʤоúοȻʹһ˱ζҪǻǰľɿ϶ζһȥġ
úúãǾһĿһȥɣСٰҲϴСˣ㿴ڶѾҵŮˣѾ̸ۼ޵ĵزˣһأôһ㶯ûУǱӦмŮӣҪҽܽܣʤֿʼ˶ľٵˡ
ľټ״д²˾Ҫȥװʤлûм˵ȥæ˿ӣһ䡰ҳˣȻطˡͿ¥ȥ
֪ľڻرĻ⣬ʤоЩ̾˿˲ʡġ

ڶȥʱһ˶ķǳϽΪʤȥݻһ顣
ľһֱվʤе࣬ľվʤеұߣƫͷľɣȴֻܿüĲϾɫľһ
ʤһеŮˣܶľϸ΢Ǳˣתͷʣôˣ𣿡
ľڰͷ˵ûУǾЩûдܶ·ЩƺΪ֤Լ˵Ļĩˣľ껹ӣ˵ĻЩζ
ʤЦҡҡͷε֪˰ɣԺɲҪȲҪ¶˰
裬ôã費ҪϢһһһֱһԲĶľʱˡ
ʵŮ˲εսǹ־֪ˣν˵ֵʱ˵ܲˣŮ˻ǾʢģŹôһʤôܾأ
̫СˡʤеЦš
ľƲƲ˵ûһ·ǻʤ費ҪϢ
ľ꽫ľɵıֿΪʲôֻʤУأҲһŮ԰öľƺôĮˣرڶʤеʱ򣬶ҽ컹¹˾һʤݻĵ飬öľƺںʤС
Ƕľɲûаںʱʱ̶̿ϣҲľɱ¶ˡ
ľһ˫ľĿŵڶľϣýģҪʲôһ
ҲĿ̫ˣľĽͷת˹Ͷľ˸Ŀԡ
ľֻƳһۣ͵ջߣľĻŲѵĽĿ˻
֮ ˾ͻȥˡ
ڻȥʱ򣬶ľһ·϶ûô˵һңͰԼؽ˷ڷתתȥģΪϷ鵼ƲѣЩһһµĻһᱻģǵһʱ䣬ԺĪ֡
ǺϵǵĹֶͬǽ£˵ЩҲʲôӰ졣
ľ겦һ绰ȥ绰ȥʮűͨ
ιôˣ绰ͷĪ
ľüеĿˮĪһղ﷢飬ͶµûţȻӽǸ˸Ҵ糤þãʲôҸһ𣿡


349Լ

ĪҲǽüĽ嵽һ飬ҪɢľɺͽµЩãֶʤǸϼˣܲš
ľ˵ҽ췢һҪ飬ľɺĸܣҾ費ȻһĻѧһԣ뵽һ취
˵ľһӡ
ĪôҲľദôãҲ֪ϵë֪ϲӣԽ˵˵ͻԽԽӣֳĬ
ȻľסˣĪİ취ǺܸȤӣҲûҪӵ£ʵ˵ʵҿǸɢֻҪ費ͬһǽζܼ޽Ƕľҵġ˵ʱ򣬶ľ߸°ͣһֵЦݡ
ԣĪüһֱǶʹһЩСıϽºͶľɣȻǵĸȴûʲôӰ죬ԽԽ͵͵ɷʴˡ
ڶľ鵹ǲһĨĪ۵׻οҲ̫ˣΪֵպ취ѽ¾ˡ
ô˵Ҳʮڴľ귽ʵʩ
ľѾ˼ƻʵʩĲ裬뵽Ƕľһµԭ·һŹȥ
ݴžʤһȥ֡
һߵĽֻһ£ǶľϢɻ촽ţдʤҪһȥ֣ԴӶľ֮ʤоͺнӴĻˣȻûѪԵϵϾͬһô꣬Ҳʤˡ
룬»ǻ˸áȥ
ľ꿴´Ӧʤеķȥʱ˳㵹˱ţ̡
ۿۿۡľţվʤзſڣš
͸һŮ
ľŽȥͿʤڴϷĤÿһĤҲѹʤеƤܹôá
裬˯ǰȱţ̣˯Ҳաľƿһ㱻ǣ˱ѡ
ľʤۣˡ
ܴ˯ȫûġ
ʱҲˣʤаĤ˺һߣͷŶľë׵ͷһȰḧŶľͷ֪ľʲôҪ˵С꣬ʲôҪ˵
ëᣬ˵ģʤжڶľΣǶľҲʮ꣬ںò׽˻޲ðʮûľĳ谮ȫֲԶڶľҪӦġ
ʵҲûʲôǽһ˯ľ΢ལıסʤϸһ׸ϸ
ԣʤС͡һЦ˳һԴüĿüȤôŮˣҪ˯һŴ
ľ깿һЩʤеܲܣֻҪ㻹ڣԶһСӡ
ʤεЦЦɶľﹰȥġ
ľȻ̧ͷգ˵裬һȥְɣ
۾ʤУһһգ͸顣
ʤпŶľգһ˫ͬǰ۾ʱȫͲܾܾӦ
ڶ죬ʤкͶľģʤмľվҲ߶ʣҪôߣ
ľЦ˵һˣһ֪ˣһϲ
ʤȻǾò⣬ҲٶʣŶľȡ
Ƭ̣µӰͳǰʤп£ȵĵɴ۾ʣС
ǵһһ֣ĹϵͦģһŮһŮⶼ⣬ôǶŮҽСڲǸҴһҲͬİŮˣ裬Ůˣ㿪𣿡ľʤеֱۣƵ˵š
ʤп˿£ֿ˿ľ꣬üЦģȻ˺òһҪĿһС
¿ǰĸŮ뵽ǰʤҲ׽ͻȻ;Щζ̾һҡҡͷЩ߰뷨֮Ժȥˡ
ŶľЦаģܾղ˵Ƿл


350¶ľļƻ

ʤŽ£Ŷľ꣬ν˵۵ˣ˲֪ʤеͣ϶Ϊá
裬ҾǵĻͷʺø߰ƵƵ󿴣϶ǺƯ㿴Ͳ裬һԽáľʤжС˵š
ʤбľ仰ЦǵЦ⽥Ⱦˡ
ӽǶֻܿľʤ˵Щʲô˾͹Цǲû˵Щʲô
´Ŭһ˿Ц
ľ껹˵ʤпģȴȥͷľüﻮһĨ⡣
߽һҷװתһȦ֮󣬶ľһǳɫëӴ»һڴȹӰʤǰЦ裬ȥ·ɣ·ܷŶ
ʤ·ϣȷͦģӹЦӦһá
ʤ·¼ֻ֮ʣ½ºͶľˣ֮ķΧЩΣھֻʣˣո΢ˣҲġ
ûоΣǾǾֳĬͺã಻ű˴ˡ
ǸϲһЩϲһЩľƬžȴû룬仰ȴԭ΢ձøӳ
û˵ýģɵȻ֪ľͻȻԼ򵥵Ĺһν֣ȥˣ춼ȥģЩζ
²˵ľͻȻЦˣŵǸӵЦݣʵ˵Ƕ֪𰸣ղһֱڸ˭˵֪ˡ
ĬĬ﷭˸ۣʤ֮һֱڸľ˵ԭǶľһֱϸӵĸʤ˵
Զľʵһ嶼ûУ²֪ôشԾ˴˵
Ϊ»ܲˣȻͿԵһңȥʤ߽۸ˣ鲢Ը±鵭ĮǱϲ
ľ죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱʤд¼˳վǰת˸Ȧʣôÿ𣿡
ÿÿʣ¼ӣȻǴʲôÿġľЩҪԽ˵Ļȥһϲӡ
ʤְĿͶ£ƫͷһ΢˵ͷܺÿ·ܷʡ
ȻûľޣʤҲúܿģŵԱ˵һµĳ
˴ӹ˳Ÿȥĸĵʱ򣬶ľĵĿһֻϵʱ䣬ȻŶӣɫõ˵裬ȥϸǾҡ
ʤпŶľü嵽һСҲʹ嵽һҲüͷãȥɡ
ľͷתķȥżæŵܵ˲棬ŸˣһȥǱߺܿͰѵ绰ͨˡ
һ׼ʱײȥ֪ûһ˶ʱ򡣡ľ绰ͷ˶š
ʵҲʮ־븴ӵģľ֪ǷǳԵģ벻ôˣֻ취õˣòʵС
áǱߺʹľʹӦ

µȻСҲǣǾɡʤŽߵߡ
¹ɵʤߡ
ʤץֻ֣¾÷·ֻصǰʤŮǶӣʤлʲôûб䣬̬Ȼһĺá
µ˼˳ȥʤ˵Ļûֱʤָǰ˻Σµ߻ǲű˻ɴ۾ʵո˵Щʲô
һŵ˵ӣʤвЩЦǰѸղŵĻظһ飺˵ȻͰɺòһˣǾһҪúõһ𣬰кܶȱ㣬ҲԶ
Ҫ۸㣬͸ңһúýѵġ
ʵ¾ͶľɵУ󲿷ʱ䶼ǨˣһЩСӵҲڶľɱһǴǱȥͻȻЩȣЩ˼
УҲͦõģҲܺãҾõкܶĲõĵط²ʤпԼϵĺΣͷȥ
ʤƼ˽ϵɫǿסЦ⣬ֵ˵ҲһִĺӣʲôȻȴ͸һɾǿίҲ˵


351ĳ

ʤ仰һӾʹ˽µĿۿͻȻЩȣ±˱ۣ˺ôĹûһƽ֮󣬽²˵ãҪ۸ҵĻһ˵ģʱһҪƫģҺúýѵѵ
ͬʱڿĶľĪľʹһ磬ȵĿ벻ܺõĶľɾȻиðһ죿
ľӣҲƣôԵ޹ʾʹһ磿
һߣ»ʤվ·ߵŶľ꣬ͻȻĿǰС̯ϣȻС̯϶̫ǲɷϵǣЩܺóԣʤжûгԹЩһ˫ڰ׷ۿתת裬ԵС𣿿ɺóˡ
ʤСԵʱüͷ΢ɲһ£ƤĺúͽʳϰѲ˸ϵ·̯ϵĶῴһۣڿϣһ˫ӣܾĻں˵
ҲǳôһΣɲʲôӰģʤбͷӦ
ãҾͺãȥһЩ˵ţ¾ǰȥ
ͬʱԶһĦгһֱǵķ򣬺ɫѼñڵԶˣţʤеķ˹ȥ
ʤоģͷŵ棬ȫûע⵽һķ
ӦʱʱѾˣĦгֻаײľ룬ʧˣǺ˵ٶĻĦгٶȿ죬Ҳǹؼһ˱Ħгײһ٣Ҳӱײײ˵ϡ
û˵ĻѾײ߰˰ɡ
߲ȶţǰܣͷûлء
ʤſڵϣʹüͷűײĵط
ʱľӲԶ˹ʤſڵϣæ˹ȥڵʣ裬ôˣʤһʹӣˮۿﲻͣĴת
˶ľĿǻʤʹĸʹοȱˣȰȥҽԺɡ
ʤôһѣľŷӦҪȥҽԺæʤдӵϷʤеغһȳƣټǰũԷʤУҲǺܳ
ʤ͵֮󣬶ľ͸ľɴ˸绰ľɸտᣬͽӵ˶ľĵ绰ǽڷָֻϵ˵㣬绰ͨˣ˳ǵôˣ
绰ͷǶľпǻҽԺɣ豻˸ײˣҽԺҲ֪᲻¡
ԣľƽϲššüãھ͸Ϲȥ
Ҷϵ绰֮󣬶ľ˲ϵˮ𴽽ЦЦﻹиղҼģָ´˸绰ȥ
߻żʤУСԻûпʤеӰˣľ绰ȴǹػ״̬ľ绰
ҽԺľģһ˿С
ԣ¾㵵ʵôˣΪʲôͻȻܵҽԺȥˣ
ҽԺ֪ˡȽ˵ľͽ绰Ҷˡ
ֻվ·ߣ˺üһŷӦҽԺȥ
ȥҽԺһҽԺǰ̨ܵʤεǸңľڳϣæǰʵôˣôͻȻҽԺ
ľЦһ仰ӦҾȥϸһֱߣ׷ʲô˲Ӧ𣿡
µȻ˻ļ̱һߡ
²˵ˣľƳһ۵ʱ򿴵ſڵϣ˵ǱһĦгײˡ
׽ؼۣ»ûӾзӦӿƲסĲŨܵĳš
ʱľɺͶľٸϵҽԺ
Ϻܿտ˵ĽŲԵøͻأЬذ巢֨֨ѽѽײľתȥίܵľǰ˵磬ˣڻ֪ʲô
ľɵԵúƽ΢ʣȥô£
ľͰȥϲȻʤоͱײ˵ȥ˵һ顣
˵꣬ҵĺƱ̵ƣһҽ˳æӭȥ¿ʵҽôˣ
ҽ¿ֵ˵˹ͷǲûʲô󰭣ֻҪúһʱ䣬ָܻܿġ
ԣ˵Ĳһ
ľٷ޷޲ƽȻûʲô󰭣ǾԲܷŹǸߣһҪǸ˸ҳ
ľҲں油һ䣺²ߣúÿĻҲ˻
һ仰ͰƵ˽ȥ


352¼Թ

ľָأԭû֤ݵģϾʱʲôֻп˼ز֪
һȺ˴Ӽҳ¸ڶľŰ֮Ȼ
ǰĶľֹסŲתŭؿŽ£㲻úȥʲô㣿
԰㣬ҾһôûпأľһԸͣﰵЦ
ҡһ仰źڴ˿еĽͶΡ
ľԹҲܣҪԼ߿һֱʤҲͲˡ
Բ𡣡¡
㲻ӦøҵǸӦøǸôǰҲŮɣľٱƽ¾Ӹµضҩζʮ㡣
治֪һԺʲôԵģ

ľԹĻһһ䣬Ｋίصͷ
ˡľɵͺһѿ
ľټʱס죬ѾĶľֹ˵ôˣ˭衣
ľ٣˵һ䡭ľɾ
ľɵ½ǣҡͷʾҪ˵ȥ뿴ֵܶ˳ܡ
ʲôԹʻȥң𣿡ľǿ˵ĻҲһǿҵѹȸС
ľ˵ת۽£רעҸжؿŶľɲûп
ľתͣ·ߵĳӽһȥһŭسβ
ľɶϽµ۾ס֡
ôôľѯʡ
ҡͷֳء
һֱһߵĶľݺݵضˣ˫۾綾ߵ۾ѿ
¶ʤкҽԺˣľɻάͲҪĽ
ȥҽԺ¿Ŷľ˵гȡͬ⡣
ľɵͷͬ⡣
磬Ҳȥ衣ľ߹Ҫȥľɵĸ첲
ľɲɫһ־롣
ľ굱ʲôҲûϵǵ˵磬Һܵ裬ǳ翪ˣܲܳĳȥ
šľһ̧ߡ
ľӿŲڽǰȴ򿪸ʻţľü˵ȥ档
ľ궯һͣߺվںԵĽ£ĵȥžعϳšûеȥսľɵĻ
µʻһ·ϳأʼոоһ˫۾ڶԼ͸ӾȥʲôҲûУľʼڵͷֻ
ҽԺ
˽ţڲϻûľһԵɳֻŴڲ輸ϵɵء
̧ۿһ۱µͷֻʲôҲû
ľɿǸӣüͷһ˵ѽŷ¡
ľٶŶ䵱ûľɽֵʱ޹ˡ
ʲôľٽйµϡ
ôˡ˵
ľһ
һйý¸еڣԶľ˵һȥߡ
Һһȥҽľһ˲
Ӱ칫ҳȵϣ̧ͷվǰĶľʣĻ𣿡
ġ
ûһתҺõİҪһ𰸸Ҫһְο
ľһûлشļӵӵο
Ҫģһңġ
Ķľ꿴һĻȭͷָؿ۽
ҽԺһӵ鶼ûаķչ
ľصҸɳϾͽӵĪĵ绰Լȥ֡
ܿ˾̳档
㿴鲻ǺܺáĪŶľĸ첲˵
ľԼʣ𣿡
ԣʲôĵĿԺ˵˵Īش
ҲûʲôҾ·ʺ㡣ľ⣬ȥ
ǲΪ£
ľûشǹһߵ԰ĵطľ³Ļ
Ϊ£ʲôöľôľŽԹ
ô£ľ˵
ľ꽫龭˵ˣ۾΢дǹһĨŤĻȡ
Ұ㡣ĪŶľ˵ﾫһƬѾ⡣
ľǰһסĸ첲ʣģô𣿡
ʱܡĪõЦš
ľûжʣֻҪý²ʹС
߰ɣҹһᡣĪŶľȥ䣬˵鶼Ҫȸղźãʲô˳ۡ
ľŶվڳĪ̳˵õ顣
֪ˣ㲻ٲˡĪϳ뿪


353߼޻

ĪİٶȺܿ죬ͻȥȥֿѺߡ
ٶҪ죬ھѶ֮ǰߣҲ˺ںļˣΪ̸Īŵ绰ͷİ˷Ը

Ҷϵ绰Ī촽΢¶һЦݣߵС輸ԵһƣָžƱεеĺƣɫ۾ɺĺȾ˺ɫƯΣա
£һζľɿɲˡĪһһٵ˵ţŨŨĵ⡣
һν¾ʮҲ˵ˣϾʵͰ
ڶĪ⿪š
һɫ·˽˾ֺϳų
ڣĪϵͨˣ˺˳ͼߡ
ֻʮӵʱ䡣콫ڷ䲢ѡ
߿İˣ̧ͷʣ˭
Ҫ˭˴ӿڴͳһпжʮ򡣡
߿ûȻںӣһսڴ˵ҸһǮһúչǵġ
˵ģˢض۾еʡ
Ǯںļˡ
ȻֻҪѶʱ˵ǽָʹģЩ˵

ʮӺشӾֳ߹ȥĪĳ
£ĪīĮˣ
Ұ첻ɵ𣿡һػش
ָ˼ҪǮĪӰͳһпӸȥʰö
˽սڴתߣⳡĽײû˷֡
߾ߡ
ΪʲôҪȥײˣ죬һһ¼
Ⱦƺˡ߿žĵػشһ˵ѣΪڽץʱƾԣξδմ
챻һӣܱյСէȻ
˵ʵΪʲôǲָʹôģ
Ҳ˵
Ǿ֣ʲô˵ġ졣
ҿͷ˵
̧ͷʵ˵ܱ֤İȫ쿴һ˵ֲ˵ӣǸĻָʹ߿϶Щ
ǽ£ָʹȥײ˵ġѿڶ˵ȴ󾪡
£ôǽ¡
һһΪ˵ѡ
㻹ʵ㡣ŭñǰˢתտʼ˵Ļָʹߡ
٣˵Ķʵ¾Ļָʹߡһ仰ҧԼǱָʹģܾôɿڣû취ֻý¹ŹѶ
ԬҴҴľɵİ칫ҡ
ļ̌ͷüô£
ӾﴫϢҧǽָʹġԬŹ칫ǰվ˵
ûԬ˵ȥľɾѾվ˳Կ׼뿪
ż·Ͽһ㡣Ԭѣ˵ҡͷ
ľɹȥ˽¡
Ͻ½ŵغͶľɽͣҸͲʶߣΪʲôҪ˵Ǳָʹġ
ңĲҡ
ľסְο֪һֱġϢһͷ˵ѣŽ»Ǳָʹߡ
ºܸжʱ˶ľɻѡԼ
˵˾֣ľҪߡΪʱǲģοľɻǴŽģƱָʹˡ
һջǴӦ˶ľɣʵǵﲻˡ
ľɺͽ¸Ѷҡ
ǻҪʵʲôʱ򣬸ýҶˡǱָʹģָʹҵǸ˾ǽ¡仰ȥ˵
һûأһʾԼϡ
Ѿˡ˵ֱӱƮǲȥ죬ôʶ˲͡
еҲס͵͵վڱϵĶľɡ
ľͻȻ̧ߵߵǰӸµؿطʣ˵һ˭ָʹġ
߸оһǿҵѹȸУٸлڣȥǰ˵ĵͷͰ͵˵£ǽ
û˵оһһ˫ţľߵĺ󲱾ŭ
º;߹ֽ嶯
£ĻָʹߣǮȥײˡ˫ɺ˻ߵسž˻
ָоΧֻʣһˣûа취ȥߵĻû֤ݣû˶
ľɸоڲӦյĸˡ


354Ԭ

Ӿֳ꣬պѹѹһƬڵϽ˷ꡣ
˶ľ꣬һɡվڳߺЦſǡ
ľһִɡһֻŽҪûľꡣ
ľǻ˻ֺ硣
ȥɣ³˵
ߵľǰľ˲˵ľԲͷʣʲô£
˵˵Ǳָʹߣ͹û뵽Ҳڡľ溡
ľšüдŨصľ档
ľӵûпתŽ¡ʲô¿ԳΪʲôҪȥȥײ裿
ľ֣ĹΣ𱨣ҪϣҪڶ˼ݸ巭ȥ˵ȥ
˵޿ޣ޴ӷڱǸָʹߵı֡
µűڵϻҪңľɸܵԽԽͱһ䡣
ľڳ۾űغ⣬ŭһľ꣬黹ûеҪٺ˵˵
һԽµĻԸ˵Ž˳
ľ걻ŵˣȵӦֻܿβ
ķϣ˶ľɻѡΪʲô⵽Ϊʲô
ľ㾫µӱĮӲԭ𱸽ȴľɾˡ
㶵رľɴϵðȫûӦ֪ε
ľһڳϵëϸĵظʪͷҲÿŪ˽£عӹľɵë
ллԼ
ľɰļ˰Լ£㲻Ҫ˵Ļϣû㡣
±һᣬ۽ǴתľԸԼǾ͹ˣҪܱ˵ʲôĬĬ롣
ڶԻָĽŷȥҽԺʤУԩ·Ͷľһڵˡ
˵ݶľ굲ǰסȥ·
㻹ľֺضŽ䳰ȷ
³ţҽԺƽ϶һҪȥʤС
ɶľϾʹ˷ŹһҲһ˹ȥ
ľ㵽ʲôһŭŭؿŶľꡣ
һ㺦ҵ裬ҽǲȥġ
˵ˣûԹڲ԰ľ겻ݶһͨ֡
ƽĩת뿪ҽԺľ߰ؿıӰӱǿмһߡ
Ÿ߸Ьʤߵ̬ȥ
һ߹˾ڡ
Ԭżļ˶ľɵİ칫ңɳϺȲĶľɵʱеơ
ܲʲôʱôйˣȻǺȲ衣
ܲã⼸ļҪǩ֡Ԭļ򿪷ǰĲ輸ϣ˵
ľļȷû֮ĩβǩԼ֣ļ̧ͷǰԬ
еҪȥһ¡
ܲã˵Ԭص
Զľһûв´Ϊ
ľָűڣȻѾöԲ˵ҪһȥִС
˭ͽޣȻԸ
ΨһõľǱѺߣҪȥӴͻƿڡľһһ佫Լļƻ˵Ԭ
ȥ
ļ̌ۿ˼Ϊԡ˵㲻ȥȥ
Ԭεӡ
һ̸Ԭͱͽ˼
ȾͷƤƤһˣҲΪԬʵʵһꡣ
ԬѺͽߵķ䡣
ȥʵšԬȥ³Ҳ൱á
ԬתͷһǸһĭУӳȥÿ
ʵ㣬Ż˭㡣þŴһ
Ԭų߶ȣʵʵһط£ǸĿ߾棬ֻҪ̧˵߾ܶϡ
ǴģΪľǴߺ׻
Ԭĵһ˫۾߿ֹû뵽סҲôˬ
Ļɹ˶ߵע⣺٣㷸ʲôˣ
ˣûɶ٣Ҳǵù˸µģȻˡԬŶĵػشĻĩʣΪʲô
ײˣҺܿܳȥˣΪǱָʹġҲɷҲûҭһһʮ˵Ҳ˸ۡ
ϣӦõһǮɣ˭ָʹܸ߸𣿡Ԭʡ
ߺٺһЦٴԬԬҲ֪Լļʹ˴סûȥ
Ԭ뷴Լˣ׻Ҳһʱ


355׵

ļڣĴǼ̵ǽڣֻ濪һСȴװż̵͸ůů⡣
ʱµޱڴϣԬнǰһı͡
Ԭе㼱Ҫһֱ죬ܾͨĻǶľɽ¾ͼˡ
һɮ붨һĸȹϵϵʱ
Ȼ˶һŮźӣֹԱȥ֣Աǳ˳ģ¹̬ȣܾŮӽȥ̽ࡣ
ȥˣŮֱӱںǺ޵˺ѷΣ޵̫ˣ涼ˡ
һֱ˵ͻȻﺰ֣ںӺͺӵ֣һ߻۽ʹܵˮ
һĻԬ˲ãľɽüĿˡ
Ԭߵ߿˿һĵʣֵܣϱͺ𣿡
.ֻ۰Ͱ͵⿴ȥ᲻ϵͲԬ
Ԭĵ˵ǲϱͺӰ
仰۾￴˿ȴû˵ʹĵͷᣬеж᲻ᵯֻδĴɼ߶޶İҲеġ
ԬС˵ҿ԰㣬ϱͺӡҪҵĻ͵ͷ
ն˳ȥˣ˼޶أ˲ҧ˹̧ͷͷһץסԬֱֱĶԬԬëëģǱʲôȥֻûΣհˡ
˵ģڸտ˵ɤеơ
ԬЦЦº͵˵ģֻҪҵģһϱͺӡ˵ţ˿ߵץͬˣһץһǾеΣǱץе㲻
߸û˼ֻ˵԰ȼ˹⣬ϣĹ⣬Ȼĵͷã㣬ֻҪҼϱͺӣԺҼһӡ
ããԬ˻ȥץʱˣеۣü󣬻һ½ǡ
֣Ԭ߸ôڼ﷢ڽǣ֣Է˿ڳѪԱʱŴˣҳҪֿأþԱòȥʱܳȥȥӺͺӣһ취Աӳӣʱպûᡣ
ˣߺԬڼȭͷ˴˵ؿڵһĻͷˡ
úõģôˣҲ˵һϱͺզ͸һͶִأһߴԬһ¡
˫۳죬ǿһĶԬ˵Ҷûְ֣˵ϱûϹ͸ô飬͸ô򣡡
˵ţǷ˷һԬڵϣһٵᰡ򰡣һ󾢶ûԬı׵ģȫûһõˣ񾭲ϵĴһϢʹ
ԬɤӺҪûܹܰҪ
ôһʹˣ;˾Աһ߰ԬŴˣȥӲǰߴԬק
ô£Աŵʵ
һ仰Ҳ˵۾ĶԬð׹⣬˼ҷǵСӲɡ
ԬƤЦ˵壬ǸոΪһСìܾͳˣҲû˵ʲô͸蹷һץᣬ㿴ģ˻ˣѪˡһ˵һ¶ʹı顣
ˣԱӵĿ⿴ʣ˵ĿģʲôҪģ
.߲˵ô׺ݵĶԬ
Ԭ¶µ˵壬㿴㿴˻أСǽסᰡǸϽȥһɣȻҳ类ˡ
˵ţҲϣҪѾԱҪԬԱΪ˱ٷŹѪ¼ͽߴ˳ȥճεĴûǷ˷һǰ壬ܵķɿ죬Աں溰һվס
ȥߺܿľͼӺͺӣһʧʹıһ顣
Ԭô;Ա˵ء
СֵܿɺݰԱ٩ĿԬϵ˵
ԬЦЦ˵ϰ彻£ұװ׵ģҲллǾԱϰæһϷסļˣȻһﻹϷ½ҽء
ʵϣ汻µĸ˺ͺӣǽȥ̽ߣǶľɵ⡣
ԸӵߣӺ󱻾ԱǿеĴ˻ص˼ԬϹ˵һлл
ûû£Ԭڰһ㲻˵
ɴˣںԬĽӴУһ̸УԬ˵ôģ˭Ǯݽָʹײ˵ˣҲ˶ｭµĲ
Ԭ׼õ¼ʴˣ˵һֲȫ¼ˣ¶һĵЦݣڽϰ彻°ˣԴطȥˡ


356ϴ

ԬԷѾԭ߳˼ĴţһȥͶԶľɴ˵绰
ϰ壬㽻ҵ£Ѿȷʵײ˷˵뽭Сûйϵģ˹ͨߣļ֤
֪˭ͨ𣿡ľڵ绰ͷʣʱϣһļأͷء
ԬôһʣʱˣǸһû飬ȸʱȥ顣˵꣬ѵ绰ˣҪǹ˵绰ĻϰǹѪͷġ
Ȼϰ屣֤ҪʱڲԬص򵥵ʰһ·ȥˣȥһЩϵܲץǸͨߵˡ
ϧǣһ񣬶ľ֪ȴû˵ʲôֻһ
ǸĪȥͨŵˣѾ˻Ʊ˷ɻӳ˹ˡ
ɴˣԬͨıҲҲ˵ģôˡ
ȻûаͨҵԬ¼¼µƬΣΪ֤ݣϴ彭µ
һ֤ݣԬƣ壬ų˾֣Խ˾ġ
ڵȺأ˾Ա
Ԭ㽻ǵһ¼أǻҪһ¼棬ϣϺ⣬ȥȺǵϢԱ¹˵
Ԭº͵˵ãһȥǵϢ
ȥ֮󣬲ʱ䣬Ԭӵ˾ĵ绰˵¼ʵģ֤ݣ֤²ɱ˵ıԽµɡ
ǴӶľϢģʱĵĲϵĸм
лл㣬лл㣬ȻĻᱻԩģûƫƫûңΪײ裬ʱҲңϰңлл㡣е״ε˵
ľ˵ĸײῴˣԲ㲻ײĸ׵ˡ㲻ллңҪллĻԺĸװɣĸͦϲġ
ãһȥҽԺģȻײ£ΪµģֻҪҾȥ¼ᶨ˵
е㲻һģöľɵͷ΢΢һǲһЦ
¿Цݲ΢΢һ񣬶˵˧Цˣɼİ
ʱ򣬶ľɵֻˣҽԺĵ绰ϰ壬ˣˣ绰ͷ˷Ҽ˵
ã֪ˣľɹҶ˵绰˽£ˣڵʵĳŵʱĸˣȥɡ
⻰µƲס¶ϲЦݣ⣺ˣ̫ˣүǲҲϴɣ軹ˡ
˵ţ´Ÿ߸Ьŵŵ˳ȥһֻɰСӣľɿ¶Цݡ
¥ȥ˳ٵĸеҽԺ
ɿʤǳԷأæǰ˹裬ܶද㳹׺ˣԼԷ
˵ţʢһ͵ʤеߣ죬ι㡣
ʤ㶵Ŀһۣ漴£ɣҲԸɡ
˵ţҪ׺û²ִͬҪιԷʤ޿κֻ˼һٷ
裬ԲҪϴû㣬ҲᱻײֻҽԺºĵǸ
ʤиϽͷ˵ɵӣ˵ʲôأ¸ʲôϵԼСģײˣɱȥһֱ𰡣
裬̫ˣð㰡˵ţǰͽ豧˻Դǰȡϵů
ʤĿŽ£˵
ʱ򣬶ľʤеĻʱŭˣô裿ҪʤҲ⣬ײ
ҲãǸˡ¿˶ľ꣬۾˵ûһη塣
ľҪըˣԭˣҾԲᣬ㶼㺦ģҪ
ץס㣬ϵȥָ¡
ҲƢģ֪ԼԲʤУֲһٶٶǾҪƢúõĸľһ¡
ʤкȻ˿ˣˣʹ󳳴ֵģҽԺܲ徲ˣ˵ˣұײºûһϵԼעŻġ㲻ܲӲϰɡ
ʤΪ˵ºǸмܸжĿ˶ľ⣬ֻĸоܵĺܺãϲ
ҵԼĸʤԶ衣


357Īϵı

ϣһģҽԺʤУʤп¹ˣĿ˵:ˡ
šЦ˵
ʤԱ£ɫʮֿģôᱻײأӦúúõĴ
裬ڸоôǲǺ˺ܶ࣬ûʲôĲ˰ɡ˵꽭ǵĿ
ʤпӣЦ˵:û£һ¶ûˣ˲´⣬еܣá
裬ҽ˵ˣĲҪľڴϲȻҲǶáε˵
֪ˡʤЦ˵ܿƵĸоˣ´Ҳû⣬²е㷳ˡ
Ҳ֪ʤʲô˼ⲡҪľ˽һ죬ο˳˵ĺأһҪŶԡ
ʤпŽӣ֤ͷ²û˵ʲô
ڲдһ˿еʱ仹潥ɫʤ˵:裬ҽȻȥˣ㡣
ȥɣǲҲûµģһҪչ˺Լ壬̫ˣ֪𣿡ʤдȰĿŽ˵
ůͷ뿪ˡ
صк󣬽鷿£ʼоԼƸ壬ԼһҪץʱƺòС
ڼһҲһ˺ҹʱ򶥲סˣſ˯˹ȥ
ڶ졣
µڶԼֻӣһӾͱˣ˲һ
Եһ£ѣһֻһҺԼ壬ȻԼһٵģԼҲá
ºѸٵʰˣԼƳƸ˹˾
Ԭˣº͵˵:Сˡ
šµͷ˵
¾ŽԼİ칫ңоԼƷ
ڹ˾˶ľ꣬û鷳Իڹ˾Ҳͦõģûʲô˴ţܰó˽µ⣬Լõĳ˼ơ
һֱϣ¸оԼӶˣŷѾˣѾˣԼһҲûв
ŸôƣЩûͷ
Ȼӽһ£ŷԼѾһûгԶˣֻϳһ١
ʱ򣬶ľɹˣ˴ؼˣھߵİ칫ʱֻеݵûأ߽һŷǽµİ칫ҡ
ţŽȥˡ
ߣſŵͿſˣһ˹һǶľɡ
ôûߣľɵ˵
ͷ˵:ʱˣһطûأҪ롣
ľ˹Ƹϣľһۣͷʲôˡ
¿ŶľɣⲻǾһֳɵʦʱипǺܺõģȻ
뵽֮ǰ飬Ƕǹȥˡ
뵽⽭ߵľɵߣָһط˵:طܾЩŤĸоʲôɫкһ¡
ľ󣬵˵:ůɫɡ
һڣˣѽɫܺãõĳĳε֮ԳеӱŻɫĹâڲϣ˿ɫ
¶ʱһЩУֱžͻ
ľڽµߣ񿴵ϵŵƸ壬رӱҲܴ󵨣ǺܲģߵԪضܴ󵨣Ҳ˲һЧ
ȵɫŪˣվ˸ľɻ˵:Ҫ𣿡
šľɵ˵˱ӹ˾뿪ؼˡ
ȻصУʰһ£ϴˣϺúϢһ£쾫ٱϰࡣ
ȵڶϰ࣬ȥˮʱ򣬾˵ĪϾٰһƷı
ĶˣǸĺûᣬöľͬС
뵽⣬ȥ칫ȥˡ

ľڴʱŵ죬ľɵ˵:
ű㿪ˣļ̌ͷǽЩⲻ֪Լʲôġ
ߵĸǰ˵:мģĪϾٰһƷıȥμӡ
ľ󣬵˵ͷ˵:ȥɡ
˼·ͦõģӱȥһ£ˮƽĸߣ˵ģһԼġ
û뵽ô׵ؾͬˣһ£ûӦ
ȵӦˣŶľһȥˡ


358±

ȻѾͬˣԼȻҪȥĪӷˣĪϾٰģȥѯһ̣Ӧ׼һЩʲô
뵽⣬¸Īӷɴ˸绰
ߣĪӷɿµĵ绰º͵˵:զôˣʲô𣿡
ģѯһƱģôЦ˵
ĪӷЦ˵:ʵҲûʲô׼ģǴƷˣûʲôҪġ
˵Ժ˵:ڱͲòˣҰ㱨ϾУʱһ±ˡ
û뵽Ȼ鶼Ѿˣм˵:ллˣĪӷɡ
ûʲôһС¶ѣ񰡡Īӷº͵˵
ţھȥɡЦ˵
á
Ҷ˵绰
ĪϼĪӷɣ˶칫ңĪӷɿˣµߣŲı񣬵ݸ˽¡
½ӹ˱Ȼûʲôˡ
лл㣬Īӷɡµл˵
˵ûʲôøлģҪǸлĻǾҳԷɡĪӷЦ˵
áЦ˵˱ȥˡ
˶ٷĪӷɰ͵ſڣº͵Ц˵:ټҾͻȥˡ
ã·Сġµ˵
Īӷɾˣ»ص˼С
ȵĪӷɻԺһţĪҲº͵˵:ûгȥ𣿡
ûУڼҴûгȥĪЦĺܹɵ˵
Īӷɿڱ˵Īܿģϣӿÿ춼ǣҪٱ֮ǰӾͿˡ
ĪɲôģڱôȫװģȻôƭĪӷɣôԼ顣
ȫΪģԼĻڸˣܳ׶ɾ衣
Ҫ֪ӾܳɹĻӦֱӣյ˽ѵű
šĪӷЦ˵ȥĪһɳ¡
ĪԺˣ˾һƱȥμӣһԡ
뵽Īӷɿ˵:ˣĪһƱҪҪμӣ
ĪʱĵһʱǾܾʲôòμӵģû˼ڼдأЩ˸䲻ˮƽ
Īӷſ죬˵ܾĻĪӷɵĻĪɾͲôˡ
ֻĪӷɲ˵:ҼǵãҲ˵ҪμƱѾˡ
Īģ͸ıԼ⣬ЦùɵĿĪӷ˵:磬Ҳμӡ
ĪӷãЦ˵:á
Ͳʲôѵ£ҲǺȻҪȥμӣĪӷҲͬġ
Ī˿ԼʱӣǺЧġ
ǰԼƢһ㶼ãһֱ˺¡
¼ԼòβˣԼɵһֳڸ֮ǰȣڶԼöˡ
ĪЦ˵:ãлл硣
лǿáĪӷĪߣһͷ˵:ȥˣһøһ£ʲôüǵҡ
šĪЦ˵Īӷɾˡ
ȵĪӷ뿪ĪԼڣϷţóֻĸľ˵绰
ôܲأźء
ߣľԼֻˣڿĪģ
ιҴ绰ʲô𣿡ľЦ˵
Īľˣص˵:ҽҸʲôˣ
ʲôľ국˵ʱЩķڴţôܹԼÿദʱ򶼾Լ䵭;ﷳĻš
ĪٰƱѾμˣ˭ҲȥˣĪص˵
ľ⻰ö룬ܲ³˭μˣһӾˣܲõ˵:ǽ¡
Ī˿ܲ³һ˵:ҸѾˣҪҪμӣ
ΣμӣôܲμӣֻҪڵĵطҶҪȥҪڽŵ¡ľɫ˵
ãһμӣƾˮƽҾͲŻȲһ¡Īм˵
šľͷ˵
ˣĪӷڻԼ¿ô죬ôıһ¶ҵĿ
ĪĪ󣬶˵:İɣúõϸԭġ
šľͷ˵
Ҷ˵绰


359ĿĵǸ

ڶ硣
ľĪϣĪӷɣ˶㣬Īӷɺ󣬶ľ߹Ц˵:ӷɸ硣
ôģĪӷɻ˵ﲢϲΪ˵һױһףԼļǵõȵʱɲ޹
û뵽Լһ쾹Ȼۣû뵽ȻǸˣ뵽⣬ĪӷɶӲˡ
ľȻ֪Լʲôӵģ֪ʱӦÿûˣ˵ʲôҲˡ
ӷɸ磬ǸģϴεҲԣҲӦҵĴľܱǸ˵
Īӷû뵽ȻǸģ⵹û뵽뵽֮ǰӣܲõ˵:õǸ˲ңĪӷɵ˵
⻰ľܲˣԼȻҪµǸͲ⣬֮ǰռҵΪʲôڻҪȥǸЩǷҵģûġ
ΪԼĿģסԼĵ뷨Լһܲãܱʲôߣ֪Լе뷨
֪ҪƭĻֻϣ˵ĻҧҧǸ˵:֪ҶԲˣҺܱǸ
֪ˣϣǿԸһĹĻᡣ
ϿҵĵǸĪӷЩȷǸģĵģǼٵģԼҪҪԭأĪӷЩԥ
Īӷԥӣľȴᣬʵ˵:֪ˣӷɸ磬ԴϴԺһֱܺڣÿ춼ŸôǵǸûǲԭҡ
Īӷɿ޵ĺģбԼҲף֪ˣҾԭһΣûһΣξ͵Ǹһᣬ´λĻҾԲԭ
뵽⣬Īӷɵ˵:ðɣҾԭˣûһˣһΣ͵İ˰ɡ
ţӷɸ磬Բһˣұ֤ľΪЦ˵
ܸˣڲԼˣڽ£˭ֻҪӷɸ粻ԼͺãϲɲԼʲôᡣ
֮ǰķͦõʱ俴º˲٣ԼʱúúñˣԽ£Ҳˡ
ľ꿴ĪӷѾָƽӣûиտʼļɫˣûԼĿ˵ɲýռ˷ͷ
ӷɸ磬ҽ˵ľ꿴Īӷ˵
ĪӷɻĿ֪ʲôԼ
ģұԭһǱҵǸ⣬˵ĪһƱһܱμ𣿡ľڴĿĪӷɡ
ĪӷɿŶľ꣬û뵽컹ԼأԭΪĪӷɿŶľ˵:ãû⣬Ұ㱨
лл㣬ӷɸ硣ľ꿪ĵ˵
·ϣĪӷº͵˵:ã˶һ鱨
ľЦ˵:Ҵ绰˵μˣҾŸһμӣû׼õøء
Īӷͷ˵:Ҳ϶ܵһΡ
װʶ˵:֪Ҳμ˱
ʲôҲμˣ̫ˣǾͿһˡľЦ˵
ʵǽţûв´Ļڿ϶̽ҵ֪֪飬ģĲ֪ģҿɲʲôߡ
ľµĲĪӷ֪֪̽£ġ
ڿӦˣľǴɰɣղ˵⻰ʱһֱڿûκεĽŸУˣμӵġ
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ĪӷɴŶľóһűöľϣ˭
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ֻǲýµõһһ˭ԡ
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361ͼȡ

֮ļ죬µ˼һֱԼ棬ΪΪϯʦôڱ˵˭֪Ǹˣ
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һΣҲΪܹԼıϿɣ˵Ҳһѡ
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Ǹֵʱ򣬽µɫøӲÿԭͲϲĪԼΪʫǸƺѾɢһ㣬ȷǵõ˴ۣĪûУ
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ȥ˾ģȻ˵ݼ٣Թˡ
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ƲһѧϰĹʲô벻ͨĵطһܸ˵һءĪƺǸܵ˽µ뷨˵鶼Щˬ
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ò뿪֮󣬽¿ۣϵĶľֱ꣬ͰҲûпһۡ
ҪĪĶ


362ίѡ

ȵϣ⼸ò°ˣ˵ݾҪȥľɵİ칫ҡ
òȥ˼첻æˣҪദʱһ㣬Ҳġ
°ˣ¸ոս칫ңľɾѾܵĴڡ
΢΢̧ͷȻؿ˽һۡ
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֪ʲôʱʼȻ̸ܹͨһԴľɣϾľɵݺЩͨ˲һʼദʱЩֵġ
ʱԽԽܹܵĳϲҲΪˣæµûʱԼʱŻôһơ
Ѿɢˡ
ԴһȥԷЦ˵˶Ե쳣Ŀġ
ԣԭȻĶľҲ֪ΪʲôҲÿÿֻҪµʱٳҲá
ıǽһС̫ÿζܹ
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ЩǿԿóģľȻҲǿ
Ц཭µԴģǿ϶ϵĵģ˵ˣڻкܳһεʱء
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Ͼľݣﶼܹ׵ϳҲΪˣֻȦЩǻСˣҲܹ׵ĳȺ֮С
һΪԼӰԸԼ
ʵҪ˵лмģǶڽ˵Ͼ鿴ĻǰǸԵŬһҪɳʫ˵һģһ
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ڻҽԼ˵ûûʲôǿǵ飬úܿԾ̲סĿˡ
˵ʱӣ˿ʮֵܡ
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ţĵ˵ͷҲǵڲŷӦԼѾͶľһˣԺô鲻ҪԼһԣһôõ顣
Ҫһֱҡ˵˲ԼᣬһСһģۡ
һĻҲöľɼᶨľãԼζҪý²С


363¸ҵĶľ

ò׿˵Ӱ֮󣬽ºͶľ˴ӵӰԺ˳ʱµѾȶǷſӰʱӡ
벻㿴Ӱ޳ӣ֪ĻҾʹȥϲˡľƺ뵽ʲôԱߵĽ£˵ʱ˿Щۡ
һŮӣԼϲŮӲӣҪ˵һ㶼ۣǲܵ顣
Ӱԭ˵رҪģȻҲܹˣŻͦĵģ濪㡣»˵ڵ飬ͷ˳
⼸ѹҲƺһ˲ȫʧˣȻͶľһʱ˶ÿˣ
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ˣһǸ˵ˣһβμӵıίĪӷ֮⣬ҹȥľ˵ţתͷһ۽£֮ѾʮˣڸֻҪúñԾˣͲҪ̫ĵġ
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ֻ仰Ľ£û뵽ڹ渺ĶľɣܾЩŮദĶľɣ˵黰ȻҲĶ
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ȻľɲȦǣΪһеܲãҵȦĳɾͣһ˲òʲô˲ŮԵĹע
ҲΪˣͻȻ˹ڸ⣬ӰȦӰ۱Լĸ⡣
ǿһȵ㣬ýҲʱµġ
ܹо˵ʮֵҪ


364¶ľж

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ԼԼģܹƺǻͦõġ
ټ֮ǰ˽һЩڽµƣʼƳĶҲԽԽ죬Ǳļ˲٣ĪŽţҪõһԼǰǸϯʦ»صڵĿС
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ȥһ£µƷоĺúðԾôˣĪЦ˵Ȼ֪鲻ֱ˵ҪȻʱ˻ùͷϡ
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ҲΪˣոջȥľңûһʱ뾡취¸ߣΪ֪飬ĪҲܹƶϳľ꣬һôԸ
ȻֻǱߵ΢΢ͣһȻЩˬ˵ѽϾʲôϯʦҪû㱾µĻʱûеõһñ˳Цء
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ھûӵĶľ꣬һܹǳĵطǺôġ
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ڶ⣬µʲôõطʲô˵ĵطȻܹöľԡ
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ֻҪ뵽Īӷ֮ǰͽ˾顣ľͽܲˡ
ڻϲĪӷɣֻͲԼһۡ
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뵽£ĪεҡҡͷͷİɣҸһӱ¸ŪͿˣԺ϶ϲˡ
˵ţﲢģҸ翴㣿ҿǰΣǺܹȥԼɣ


365¶ľɵƫ

Ȼڵڶʱ򣬴ϴζľɾľ֮ͺȥ˾ˡ
һΪƷ飬˼ȥпܼĵطڹ˾
磬Ҳ㿴˾ʲôҪģ˵ˣҲǱĪϵ鱦Ʊȥ˾￴˵ģܲѧһ㶫ľųԷʱͶľ˵⡣
ĵطľɻҲܾ󣬵ڲһˣԱʤ￴ţľɾǲϲԼԼӵĻҲʤеӡ
ЩǱȻġ
ȻϢʱ򣬶ľ΢΢üͷȻ׶ľ֮ǰԽµֵ⣬һԼİŮˣһԼãȻϵãѪԵϵϾľ겻ʲôֵĻ׾ٵضʲô
ʲôʵģԵһңΪʲôһҪȥ˾أľ˵ţ΢΢̧ͷö˶ľĿ⡣
ԣľͣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôá
ȻҪȥǾȥɣҲԼƽʱôæʱ򶼲֪ˣ˵Ҫأҿûʱ䡣ʤйԹ˵
㣬ģƽʱֿ㹫˾ûʲô飬ܡֿһԱ߹ԹԳԷװе̫
Ȼ˴ҪСģ̫飬ÿʤнѵľɵʱ򣬶ԼĴڸС
ÿζûʲôã
ϣ裬ǰӲҹ˾ҲæˣҾڼ㼸졣˵ЦЦһӰԼδĿʱȫȥˡ
֪ͺãʤе̫һۡ
Ӷף㹻ǵΪ룬ƽʱҲ˵˵ʲôж
ʵҪ˵ÿʤһڼҵʱʮֵĹ¶ҪǼôһŮɵģھӦϷɻȥҼӵİְֶȥˣ
ǰǽڼϾʱմôչ˵ԼÿαſԳȥµʱܾˡ
ԣľ΢΢˶٣Ҳ˶ľΪʲôҪʱ˵⡣
Ȼ˾ȥ
ҲԸһȥ𣿡ľ˵ģľɻ˵
ΪжϲԼ磬ÿθ˾ʱܹĽĿ⡣
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ȻҪȥϰ࣬㵽ʱԼȥɡľһ˵һҧ˿ϵ
ļˣɫ죬֪Щʲô
Ҫ˵֮ǰҲ֪ʲôʱܸǸ
˵̫ıЩǰ̫æˣΪ֪ʤͻȻµϢŶľ˵Թ˽¼䡣
ԣǵҸǸľ˵һ䣬̧ͷһۡ
벻ȻҲǵʱʱ̫Щ񣬲ǵ˵ͷ
Ļɱ˵ŮĻܹҵĶϱҲ治ʤЦ˵Ҳʮ⡣
Ҫ˵ĵӦþͶľˣľֻǵһĻҲŭû뵽ȻֻΪȥӽ£ܾԼҪ
Լã²Ǹ˰ˣǶľɾȻ˶ԸԼһ㡣
££һжΪ˵׼ڶľɵǰ˵ԼʲôöľɶԼôһӡ
һ׷Źġ
ðɣǸ㵽ʱעⰲȫ˾ҹȥС
˵꣬ľĶѾԵĲˣ΢΢ͷԵ쳣䵭
裬ˡһͳ
ʤзӦʱ򣬶ľѾſˡ
裬ΪʲôÿһζҶ׵ģľգգ۾ʤ
˿Щί
ԣʤε̾һ
꣬Ҳܹ硣ʱԱһֱڳԷ̫ͻȻ˵
һֱģֻ㻹ûϰ߶ѡСʮֳԼĴ磬ҲǶľɡ
ľ˵ľɵʱ򣬻̲ס˵һ䡣
˵ˣ̫˿ɱȶľɻҪһǽ´ǰҲ۸ܶΣ֪ʲô鰡
ǰ꣬ȻϿ׵ģԼ˵˵ɲѽ㿴ڹ˾棬˭۸ģƽʱһݶǺܺõġʤЦŰο
ڶľΣҲϣ˶ܹһ㡣


366½µ

ȵ˹˾棬ºͶľѾˡ
͵͵ȥ鿴һ۽£ʲô֮ǰˡ
뵽ľЦ˹ȥ
㡣
仰Ľ΢΢̧ͷͿЦݳԼ߹Ķľꡣ
ڽ¸ͲϲҪ˵ΪʲôĻ֮ǰ۸Լ裬ݺԼ飬ʲôһ㹻˺ˣҲܹý¼Ϻܾúܾá
ʲôôˣѲɻҪʲôݺ𣿡¿һۣջԼĿ⡣
ڶľᣬ֮ǰһʹҲֻ˵ԼﲻƽϣܹľΪѡ
ĻŮӲŶʲôȴ˲ö֪ġ
ԣԭϻЦݵĶľ꣬һ˲˱䡣
ôˣ֮ǰЩ֡㶼Ҹһˣѵ㻹ԭ𣿡û˵˵ı˿ǲô㶼Ҫԭҵ˼
ƫƫ¾ǲˬӡ
֤Լ飬ȴԸϵĳԼĴȻܰڳİõ̬
Ļ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣûʲô˵ġҸһ𣬸ûκεĹϵһԼ̬ƽûظ˵
û뵽Լ˵ЩȻᱻԴں޲óǰȥ˺ýµöľɿǸʲôӡ
뵽֮ǰĪԼ˵֮
ʵû˼֮ǰҲԣǸ˵仰ʱжô
ǾԼƢѹ˵ʲôõ顣
ľ˵һʱ֮Ҳ֪ʲôϾʲôϢʱ䣬ټ϶ڶľͼҲף˼ȥǱͣ˵㻰ˡ
ھҪ㣬Īϵ鱦ƱʲôѽϾûôø˵ˣ㡣ľЦ˵ȫȻûע⽭µɫÿ
ͽ˵ЩѾǺܲˣûбҪ˵ôֺõĻȻҲף֮ǰЩ飬Ա˵˺
ڽ£˵֮˻΢΢㶣˵ʼ֪ľΪʲôҲ˵ˡ
Ϊġ
ԼƣϾҪ͸¶㣬ȻԼʲô˽ģҡ
˵
Ҳ御ˣϾԼͶľɵĹϵڶľΪľɵã˲Ҳʲô顣
Ӧƽһ㡣
뵽һԼıһЩ
ԱߵЩˣո˵ʱѾע⵽ߵ
ڶľҪ˵ȫȥˡ
ðɣҵȥ￴һۣٹ㡣˵ţľ곯ЦЦ
˵ͷҲص뿪ûһۡ
һֱľ뿪²һ
ͷβûöľԼĴһιһԼĿĵġ
벻ͶľСĹϵǢѽԱͬѾ˺ܾˣò׵ȶľˣɻĵһ䡣
ʲôҸĹϵɣ̧ͷЩɻĿǰЩˡ
Ҿʹ˵ܹ˵Ĺϵʲô
Ҳر˽ҾҲûʲôϵôһأ
˵ԱЩֻջԼĿ⡣
ͬ¼￴ЩţǸµĹϵҲˣȻ֪ºͶľ˵Ĺϵǳ
֪еֻ֮Ƕľɻǡ
ѽ뵽顣Щ˼˵
ȻתͷһЩˣƺ
ȻʱиŮͬҲĪϵǸ鱦ʱһ⣬֪ɲһ¡
ԣЦŴӦҲԸһֱھ顣
ʹ㲻Ҫôѹúþˣҿʵʮֲġ¿һ֮˵
ԱߵЩͬ¶ʱϽ뿪ˣҪȻĸץˣʱҪ쵼һˡ
ڽȻ֪ǵǲûбֻǰЩ
ʵľûĻܹúദǾԲˡ


367µɽ

ڶľ꣬ʱѾ˶ľɵİ칫ҡ
ԭҪѴ֮ԼõµƷֻû뵽ǽ»ǸСҲԸӦ
˵һܹ֮ǰĪԼ˵һġ
Ǿֻ취ˡ
뷨Ѿ˶ľɵİ칫ţһ䡣
磿磿ڰ칫𣿡
Ȼʹ˶ľɵ
ԣľЦ˽ȥҪ֪ʼľŵʱЩ˻֪ݣ뵽Щ˿Ŀ⵽ڶľСع֮ЩĽĿ⡣
üȿʹ졣
ƿų˽ȥͿľһɫؿϵĺͬ
磬Ҹոչʱ򿴵ر棬Ҳˡ˵ЦЦ˿ķǳĳݽ¡
Ҳֻ˵ʱ򣬶ľɲŻȤ
Ȼ˵Լ飬ľɿ϶̫ȥһۡᵽڽµκ飬ľɾͻֹע
ľ겻׽µ׸ľʲôҩʱûаѽ¸ߵĻ黹ߵһ
ҲӦúúõơľ˵֮ͻȻ뵽ʲô뵽˽ʱĿɰģ̲סһжľ꿴
治ʹ죬Ǳϻװ¶ӣм⣬԰ҿһ𣿡
֮ľ˶ľɼ⣬˿ģûʲô뷨
ʱľȥˣۿѾ12֮󣬾ΪľһֱûйԸɴڶľɰ칫ƵģԭľҪ뿪ɣ鲻֪Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ʱͻȻ˽Ųûһű㴫ŵ
ʱ򣬶ľ֪ԼļƻҪʼˡ
һжǴӽ¹Ҷľɿʼġ
ڶľɻش߽֮һӰϵЦĸžʮϲ
ǽ¡
ڿʱ򣬶ľɫͱѿ
ļʣΪ±úÿʵ̫ˡ
Ϊǰʮ궼ûѧʹԭ򣬾ľĴ·ҲÿԷ֮ͥżõĻԼģҲǿ֪Ŀŵ˶ľϾͱòһ
ģ磬ǱȲϽ¡
Ҳ°ЦŽʮֿģƽԴ鶼óÿһڶľɵǰͻһɿɰСӡ
ֻû뵽ǣܹԱɳϵĶľ꣬еԭ򣬽ջԼĿ⡣
ҪҪһȥԷҵĶӶˡϾڰ칫Ҳ˶ľꡣ
Ƕľɵãӵġ
ԣһļĶľͻȻ̧ͷµʱĿ
˿ֱʱȷѾˡ
ҲѹӶˣȥԷɡ
һɡľɻ˵ǣΪδӽŲĿ֮ǸɫֱƽʱǸˡ
ܹᵽǶľĸо
ֻĶľ겢뿪滹мƻҪȻ뿪ˡ
Ҳܱ¶
磬㣬ƷмûнΪиõķΧԲ뵢ˣʱؼһ辪һء
ľЦ˵˵̬ȿʮֳϿҡ
˵Ľ̽ԿһǰͼֽȻҲѾ˴ˡ
ȳԷɣʱҪ˵ˡľɳ˵˿ʮֵࡣ
Ҫ֪ľ˿һ㶼ɵںܶ϶ʮֵĴʶľ굽ΪԼÿһ죬Խÿһ飬ľɶǿģ֮Բ˵Щ飬˵׶ΪԼĸס
ֻҪûдߵĶܡ
ʤ֪˵Ļ϶ᵣԼŮ᲻ʹθʹȻ֪ᵣģɴԴͷϾ⡣
ԱߵĽ¿ŶľЩ᲻Ըӣһ֮ջԼĿ⣬ס˶ľɵ֣ȻԸȥԷȥɣϾĶʱ˾ϣһֱȥҪȻʱˡ
˵ȻҲ˽ĵģػһȻηηġ
֮ǰľЩ϶׵ԭ£ԳԷʱĻòˡ
˵ˣҲǰ˶ľ꣬Ƥĸ


368Ʒ

˵Ķľ˼һ֮ǴӦ
ȻǵȥԷľɳ˵ջԼĿ⣬ֻҪߵĻͳûˡ
ʲôԵģȻҸһȥԡᣬղŶԶľ˵ʱ򶼲ӵġ
ľ۾Цһ£ͷӦãһúоģǻȥԷɣҵͲòôˣǵθȽҪ
ƶľڹĽ»жľɣʵǵСžֻжľԼ֪
½Ŷľ꿴һΪʲôͻȻôǵʳˣȻϸҪȥԷ
ϸһ£¾С֮ĶȾ֮ҲľѾĹأ
о仰˵úãӻͷ𲻻
ŶľɵֱۣЦǾˡ
ľɿŽϵֱֻۣ鲻ԽĹͻȻ
ڽ϶ľɵֱʱľ˸һ£Ҳֻһ˲һͱú޲ˡ
űϵľһղ뽭һ󱳵ĲѱˮʪˣЩ⣬ԾĴ˸֪ղźͽ̸ʱж຦½»ᷢСܡ
󱳵һһģģЩܣľ굽һ˲ôˣҪŽ²ڸϿȥ͵͵ʩԼļƻ
һ뵽ƻɹɣľͿʼһӾͰ¸ˣɵ˺һŴлع
ڶľɺͽӦѾ߳˹˾ľŷĵſȥߵ̫żˣСĺͰ칫˸ײءһ죬һײʵЩۣ۵ĶľģۿתŸղűײĵط
Ҫǻƽͻֽˣ칫һ٣ڲС
ǹʹлһ֮󣬶ľվ,Ŵ򿪣ǰһСԴ̽˳ȥȷû֮߳ȥ
߳ȥĹ̲Ǻͨ·ϣľһһµģЩҲ֪ܲܳɹõµƷһΪ鲻̫ʣҪǱ˷˵ĻǺ
ľҡҡͷЩ뷨Ǵ⡣
ľɵİ칫ʮ¥µڶ¥ҪȥĻҪ°˲㡣
ҲְԱģ˿ľ껹ṧĺһľʦá
ľﷳĺܣǵʺҲֻǵһƳȥ֮⣬ûκηӦˡ
Ǽ˿ľ̬ȣҲͰжȥε߿
ְԱȶľԶ̲֮סչһۣ
ôҪǿǶľҵһӣҲŲ⺰أҰɫǴС̫󣡡
Ժڽˣ᲻Ρ

һһİѶľᵽȥˡ
ľߵſڣµڶ¥Ȼûɵȥ¥ݣȴûԬ
Ԭľ꣬òԭߵǰкľʦá
ľһôƷõ֣Ԭͻʺһ͵һ£üͷŤͷ׼ѽ˺ݺһʱǸ˾ȻԬ
ԬְͨԱɲһǶľߵĵ֣λҲְԱһԴԬ̬ȻԴЩְͨԱһˡ
ϵŭڿԬһ̾ͱɢˣľ䴽ЦЦɰԬ㣬ҲҪݣ
ľĬĬԬǧҪݣҲ֪ԬҪȥһ¥ҲҪȥ¥ĻȥƷļƻɾͲʵʩˡ
ǣȥܲð칫÷ļݡԬ΢΢ͷ
֪Ԭ֮󣬶ľǱι˿ŶһͻȻƽֲܰѷɵӱֵ̫ԣ֪ԬǸˣ˫۾϶ĺܡ
ľ򴽵ãȥðɣҸڲڰ칫ҡ
Ԭ˵ͷ˵ţҾˡ
˵꣬Ԭת뿪ˡ
ԬӰнԶֱһСڵ֮󣬶ľ곤һľߵ˴򽻵ҲһۻôһϾͽŵĲһܺ
ľԹһ֮ʱݵҲˣһ˶ûУľ̵˽ȥ˼İȥ¥ļ
ѾȲҪ߽µĶûãҲޱȴ̼


369ʶ

˶¥֮󣬶ľᳵ·ҵ˽µǸ飬칫ҵŴ͸ģһ۾ͿԿ칫״֪˻ôﾹȻһ˶ûУҲöľʡ˺ܶġ
֮ǰܿ˵Ŀ͵͵Ʒ飬ڿȫòˡ
ľ䴽ϣһãĵƿţ˽ȥҵµİ칫ʼ淭ҡ
֪Ϊйˣľܸо쬵ģһ˫۾ڽĶЩʵ顣
ľͷתȥһȦȴʲô˶ûУ˵ûˣ칫ﶼĵĲ񻰣ĸ
һΧ£飬ľЩĵġ
֪°ǷƷȥˣľ˺ð춼ûҵǷõƷ

һߣľɺͽ߳˹˾֮׼ȥԷǷݲȴԽԽǿ
ܾԹԵģȴ˵ֻϰµģ궯еʮֲ
ԵĶľɿ˽´߳˾һֱŵü΢ʵôˣ
ܾЩܸоһҪ顣°Ĳޱĸ֪ľɡ
ľһ˫Ӷ˽һְüͷƽˣ벻룬ü
Ȼ𱸵˼ȴ˼ᡣ
ܵüϵһƬһ˲侹ȻڸʲôˣľɵƽȪˮһʹļ⣬ҲΪľɴЩ֣Ƿ궯ƽ˲١
ľɵĻٷȥ룬Ǳ۾ȥ룬ڳ˾֮ǰʲôˡ
ľɿŽ±۾۴һһϵģС߶ʲôµĽëܳҲŨܣ۵ʱ򣬳޻һһģľɵҲ毺õݣĺһ£ЩĴ
ǰӸһЩˡ
Ժ޲챣ݾǰľɺ޲ھͰԼҲֿ
ڵãѽµİˣԼȴֿʼ궯ľɽŴǣĺܽ޾Ԩһ䣬ڵס
ͻȻ뵽Ǽеʲôˣ۾ӳȴǶľŷŴ˽Ŀգһ֪ľʲôʱյǰġ
ľͻȻյôòҪ
뵽²ԹԼΪʲôҪôۣڻûĻ˵ڶľɾѾ׵أ
ͻȻҡҡͷΪղŵǸ뷨е߳ܣôôأ
̵ȸУҲЩȡ
ľҲû뵽»ôͰ۾ˣ֪뵽ʲôӶ䵽ͻȻͺ˸顣
˼ϾϾȻһ˿죬һͽµľ˼֣ȴҲԶոպãʵ뵽ʲô𣿡
ôһѣ²ϵĺ˲࣬ɫʮ࣬ţ˵ûоýĶľЩֵֹģΪʲôôȲľҪȥԷոİ칫ʱҾ뵽⣬־òС֮ĶȾ֮ˣûᣬһ룬ȴԽòԾҾΪǳĲ
˼ǣͼľüŽ£ôһ˵ƺҲýĶľЩˡ
ҵƷ
Ʒ
ͬʱ𣬱˼һﶼһֻȻĸо
½ŵһС嵽һȥˣû´ĻľھǸ칫ѰƷ
ȥľɳصڶ
½ŶľɵĽŲ˾ȥ
ûûǸȥȵݣֱ¥ݵķ˹ȥ
һ˶¥ҺǸڶ¥ҪȻҲô졣
϶¥ˣĹУ˼һҲû뵢һʱ䡣
Ϊľɳڶԭ򣬼Ҳ治ɫģûһڣٿ¾ûôˣϷź죬Ĵ
ľ˼µ߰ɡ
¥ʱ򣬶ľҲӽµĹҵƷ
ľƷƷ֣˲ϵϸ
Ʒûбȣľһ󼱴ٵĽŲѭȥºͶľ¥ݿǱ߳칫
ʶģľƷǸ


370±ʶ

ľոսȥ칫ҵžͱƿˣ⣬ºͶľص˽
µɫÿľʱ۵׵½˺üȣһ˿̵Цݡ
ȻϣľͼʲôͲö֪ˡ
ôʱ㲻Ӧڰɵİ칫רо𣿡ߵľǰʡ
µͷһԼİ칫ңЩڷŵλöˣ˿ܻῴЩʲôһ۾Ϳó汻ˡޱ飬ĺԽԽʢ
ľ걻ţһʱ䲻֪ôشƵĿľɣǶľɱȽµıӵĮҧҧװһ򶨵ӣⲻСҲûʲôУĺܶزӦÿԸҴԾ͵ˡ
ôɾİ칫Ǹײˣ
δҲе̫ǿ˰ɣ
Цһƹľ꣬һӸˣƺûǽȴۼĿ˷½Щ壬ؾǶľŪġ
ûͼˣվʣȻŶľһ˵ǡ
ǧȷģҪȻﻹܸҾιһ֮ͻȻǡľŵһڿˮЩĿŽºͶľɡ
죬û˵һԵĶľͻȻ˵ԺûҪ
ԣľ꾪ȵĿľɣȻľɻվڽǱָʵ뵽ˣ˵ﻹʮֲŶԽµĺּ˲٣̧ͷҪʱȴľϵıʵˣӲҪ˵Ļ˺䡣
ľͷԸӦá
ȳȥɣһԬؼҵġľޱ飬Ҳ̲ûһ˿
ľȻ˵ʱ²ԣҲǸˣ֪ľǲ㾾ˣɵĵ˵ͷ߳˰칫ҡ
뿪֮󣬶ľɴӿڴֻԬ˸绰绰ܿ챻ͨľɰѶľͼ͵ԽµƷԬ˵һ飬Ҫ¸߸ʤС
Ԭ֪Ϣ΢΢һѹ֣ʱڵݿľʱ򣬾;ЩԾЩţû뵽
ľ߳˾Ϳһͣڹ˾ſڣԬվڳǰľˣԬѸʻŸ򿪣΢΢һַڳϣһ롱ƵСϳ
ȻԬԶľΪеܣǸеػǲ١
ոձ»жľһľʱ鲢ǣһҲԬֱ˳
һ·ԣѶľ͵ľ֮Ԭûǰֱӵߣǵȶľ³֮Ҳ˳
ĽŲľתȥԬüʵôߣ
ܲýһЩ£Ҫ֪˲ߡԬЦţȴ˿ЦⶼûС
ľ̲ס︹̣һˣ鶼һˣ
ûټȥԬԼ
һǰһĽ˶ľҵĴʤˢȲķ磬һתľˣһĨϲæɳܵľǰôôͻˣ
ûȶľ𻰣ʤоͿվŵԬɾþȣԬôҲˣǰɽ𣿡ԬǶľɵ֣ҲֻжľǴ
ȷҪ㱨һ£֪ǷܵһģԬǹġ
ʤ˻˼ԾҪһģԬ˵ͷŶľֱ˵С갡ڹ˾æôӦҲ˰ɣȻطúϢһ£ҸԵĲˡ
ľ겻֪ԬҪʤ˵ʲô£Զ϶Բʲô£ȻһҲƻʤԹŮ΢ཱུǺðɡ˵꣬ص˷
صĶľȻôʵǽ͵͵һ죬۾Ŵķһ˫Ҳرĳ޲ñһ˫˳ǷЩԶֻõԬںʤ˵ȴ˵ЩʲôЩպ޵ض˶š
ʤпЩнԬЦЦԬֱվˣʲô˵ɡ
ԬҲûȴ


371³²

ܲҹ췢飬ܲúͽСȥԷ;ʱȴֶľСڷСİ칫ľСҵǽСƷ֮󻹾ܲϡԬҲû˵̫ķϻͰǼ¸ʤ˵ˡ
ԣʤ΢΢һǻûﷴӦðŻȷʣ˼СȥСƷ
Ԭ֪ôشԾ͵˵ͷ
ʤܵ˼Ĵһ˫ײû뵽ľ꾹Ȼ飬һֱھʮûоĸֲľ꣬޲ðеİָ
û뵽ȴ߻
ʤм̾һһƬƣ̫Ѩã֪ˣһúôģ˾ô࣬ԬûµĻǾȻع˾ﴦɡ
ԬӦһ뿪ˡ
ֻʣʤһˣɳϣĺܺõϳƣ˺ܾãվľķȥ
ۿۿۡʤöľš
ľ䲻ıһոƽһ֪Ԭʤ˵ʲôΪʲôҪ
ľ򴽣˵һ
ʤ߽ɫÿľǰȥʤеֱ˵裬ô˰ô̫ĵӣ
ĬĬ췢²Ҫʤ֪鶼⡣
Ȼ
ʤƤһ۶ľ꣬ʣûʲôõ飿
˵ˣҲ˵ǼʤѾ֪ˣҲûҪĵزˣľ괹ʵȥͼ͵Ʒ顣
ԣʤбĲᣬظΪҵţָС갡ôأȫûбҪȥСƷֻҪõģԼҲһƳһݺܺõķġ
ľͷĽëסˣڹɵŴʵ¡
Ϊ£ҪȻʤҲ֪¡
⻹ʤеһһ˲䣬ľίӿͷ˫ڰ׷ת
һʤľĳҲȥֱ˵´οɲҪٸôͿˡ
ˮ˶ľһ˵ͷ
ʤһ٣ȻʤҲˣǶľ껹Ǿﲻ

һߣľɴŽһҲĲ˻ûľɿ˽µ̫ǣ֪»Ϊղžô׾ƹ˶ľ̾һüһ֣С
ţ̧ͷľɡ
ˡľɵǵͳȴ͸żᡣ
֪㻹ΪЩ飬Ҷ֪ǱϾãʱҲ˵̫أֻҪֵ̫ĻܶʱҶһֻ۱һֻ۵ġľͳ
±ﻹЩģľôһͣҲȫɢɢˡ
ľűҵãľҵ˿϶޲ðúðﱣš
˶ľɸղ˵ʱɤŵ㼸ָƣȦ浭ɫͻȻЩӣЩɬУ򴽵ɤЩƾͶЩˮɣЩ˵˶٣⣬Һм䱾ͺΪѣһãһϲˣȷʵЩ񡣡
ǣΪϲŮȻغܿģÿɹ˱һƽŮˣС¸˵潭ҲԼһѽ
ŽµЦգľɵǲԾҲȾһ˿Ц⣬һЦ¶һǳǳС
Сľֽһֻ֣ȵһθ˲١
û˵һ˫С¹۾ȴĺġ
áľЦ
תö֡
ãҲ÷ſ㡣

һߣľոոһͨ绰ľ껹޿İʤĪ˵һ飬Īڵ绰ﰲŶľһҵ绰Ͷŵ绰ƿڴǸ²Ĵ
ĪЩһʼѡľѡ񾿾ǴǶˣΪľܶʱ¶Կǣ鶼ĲԤڵЧ
ȻԶľжô಻ĵطϻװľ֪Ľһ


372´Ǹķ

֮ǰǼ鷢֮⼸콭һֱǳİ֮ǰľıľָһ飬ںҲǰֵַڼơǶľҲû
ĪӦ֪Լ͵µˣԷ뷨
Щ֮Ҳø˽һϢʱ䣬ܹи˼Լ棬Ȼû϶õʱ䣬һжѾˡ
ôˣƷ
°ʱ򣬽סĳĵһ仰
ԣ˶ľһۣϵЦĵ⣬ҳֵĻƷȻʮֲģʱ͵Űɡ
һѵѪֻҪϤ˶ܹף⼸˷˶ٵʱ䣬ҲֻԼס
ҺڴҪƷʲôӣľЦ˵ֻǳӿ֮󣬽üͷ
Ϊķ򲢲ǳԼȥģѾԼҺ͹˾ػôΣô·أ
Ҫȥĵطɱ˵ҵĶӻЩˡЦ˵֪ʲôʱʼͻرľɣҲϣܹڿʱͶľദһ¡
ֻʱĹæںܶʱ򶼲ܹһСС顣
ԣľĵ˵ͷ˵Ǹ˵ҪǸ֮ǰ㣬ǳԶٷ
ͳдԣžĪ
ֻ֮е֮󣬽»ЩȵģǳմʱľҲ۸ܶΡ
ֻǺڽµӡ֮УһʱԼǸνĶǲģֲ֪ʲôʱʼһ˱仯˾ȻЩİ
ֵʱ򣬶Щ֡
˵Ѿܾûи˵ˡ˵ʱ򣬽΢΢ͷĪЩʧ䡣
ǶľͻȻ飬ˣһδεᣬʼʧѾںˡ
ֻû뵽ʱͻȻ˵ҪԼǸ顣
ǲҵǸѽĻҾûʲôҪգգ۾˵Ͼľһˣﻹеġ
ǸƽʱûʲôͣڼҵĻҲϲ۸Ϊˣԭͱ۸ܶˡ
µ˵ľεЦЦתͷò˵鱻˵ˣԭҲҸʱ˵һ˵Ǹģֻһûü˵Լˡ
˵ˣʲôģôǰģܹû֤ݾ㣬Ҫҵܵܣſˡ
˵ʱ򣬶ľɻЩϾ֮ǰЩ飬ʵڽµӰ˵ͦġ
ԭ뵽֮ǰ飬ЩʧĽ£ľ˵Ļ֮Ц
벻㻹Ĭһ棬Ǻðɣ֪ҵǸķϣҾʹдˣ˵Ž¹󷽵Դ
ӵľɵĿԽس
ֻǺû˵ȴܹܵΪµĴڣԼԸĶů
һ֮ǵ˶ľ֮ǰ˵Ķµķ꣬һǼ꣬濴һֽ̻Ի͵ĸо
Ȼǽһ˹ĻǾԲȥԵġ
ǰΪûǮͳԲ𣬵֮Ҫ֪һ鱦ͼܹܶǮԺ𽥵ĸԣҲֵطԷΪڵ˷ѣá
ǶľͣҪ֪Ȼľȳ˶ľŵҵҲԼĹ˾ģֻǹûôڿ죬Ҳɡ
ҪģҲΪˣľҵ⼸Сʼնûʲôͻ
ڽȥɣӦõȵżˡľ˵ţ㳯˽ȥ
ľ˵ģЦŴӦȻһ·˽ȥ
ãһ֮ŵ˶İ档
ˣһһĻ˭ѽ
ûбˣΪԼҪǸҪ˹
ľ˵Ǹ˽»ģӦþǶľꡣ
ϾԸԼ飬˶ľɣ϶׵ķŹ飬˵Ҫ뷽跨ԭµġ
ʱ˵ԼĶҲҪǸĻȻϣʱһ
ʵҲô⡣
ľɵĻش֮һ²ϲľ꣬һԶ飬Щ飬ϲ̨ġ
ʵᡣ


373¶ľٵǸ

Ȼոսȥʱֻľ٣һ档
˽ʱЩȣϽŽ˹
ˣڿµʱǸ⣬߾ǿЩ˼Ҫ֪ƽʱĶľٿɲӵġ
ӣл΢ЩȣǵͷӦûмƽϡ
ţ硣
˵
ԭͶľ˵Ĺϵ˵ʵҪľٶĻЩ֣ǲô˵ϾҲĶ磬еĻõĳƺ
µĳƺľٻһ¡
εĿŽ£֮ǰԩôΣΪ㲻ٽˣãҵʱҲ̫ż˲Żɲԭң
Ǹӣ½ĿԱߵдϣϾЩϰ߶ľӣһʱ֪֮˵ʲôˡ
ȳԷɡʱ򣬶ľͻȻ˵ŶľٵĿҲʮָӣеѾֳˡ
ľ˵Ķľ٣еʲô˼ϽӦ
úúãǻ˵ɣʲôԵģ㣬͡ľЦ˵к
һȶεģһ֮󣬽ƵĿһԱߵĶľɣ֮ѾʮˣҪ˵˵еôΡ
󣬶ľɹȻ˼΢΢ͷ̧֮ͷĿ˶ľٵϡ
ȻŷҲȵģ벻ǽҲһΪˣ˽£ҲԼϣȻʲôˡ
뻹ЩЦ
ȻʲôҪ˵ģ˵ɣҪȻǾˡ
ľ֮е˼ѾʮˣöľٸϽ⣬ľٱϾĵܵܣôûӣҲӦ׵ġ
Ȼľ˵ģľٸϽӦ˹Ŷһ֮ЦƽʱرϲԵļˣ˽µǰ
֮ǰҲԣôΣʵӦǸˣ֮ǰһֱǸ磬һֱûз
ڲһ˺ܾˣǾҪ˵˵Բ𡣡
˵ղŲһøԿĳ飬ƽʱܶ鶼Ҫ档
ľ˵ЩһӶûӦȻղѾ˵һΡԲ𡱣˵һΣգգ۾Ͻҡҡͷ磬ʵ㲻øôģЩѾȥˣڸͲں˵ˣҲڶľˣȻҵĴ硣
仰Ͱѽ˵
ԭöľٵǸĻҲǲϾûô鷳ˣֻû뵽ǣԵľȻôһ
һֱȥٷ׸ôȥǶһ⡣
뷨Ҳ뼸ԭ˶ľ١
һƺľҲû뵽ģֻεЦЦûûͺãոյĺܶණϲԵģ㿴һ㡣
˵ţ϶Ҳˡ
ľЦ˵Ȼ֪Ϊʲô¾Ϊ˵Ǽ仰׾ٵľԭڼȻЩ˵ĹϵǵȻòˡ
ȻһνҲĵԭϾ֮ǰЩ飬Ȼľԩ˵׻ЩŮݺҪȻҲᵽĵز
ҲСˣֻǶԼദôõĶ磬Щ̬ϣ⻹ǻЩʧġ
òһٷˣžһɣȻ˵˵ĹϵŸոӦ״̬Ҫ˵ָܹǰֹϵȻǲܵġ
ڶľ˵ѾܲˣһжҪ̫࣬Ȼ滹֪ᷢʲô顣
ȻȥˣҲûȥʱ䲻ˡЦĿŶľ١
ܹܵľٶԼСԼʱ˼ʱ򣬶֪Ϊʲôӡ
ںŻһһĻصǰ״
úãʱҲˣ磬ȥɣҪСһ㣬Ȼ֪ᷢʲô顣
˵ţľЦ˵ڿľɵʱ򣬱鿴Щл
ԣľ΢΢ͷӦͽһת˳ȥſںͶľ˵ˡټ˳ﳤȥ
ľɵȻ׽´Ҳڲǰ취ҲֻˣǸĵӣ֪ǽˡ


374ύƷ

ƷƵôˣ
µעȫֻϣϱͻȻʹľɸɾ͸
仰⧲ý˿޷еֻʹָ们˳ȥɵõ˶ľһۡ
ģɶľȴĪɰ
žʩ
ľ̲סӺһЦ΢΢ϸͷЦڿʲôأ߹˶û֡
ʵûҪȥµ˼ֻҪ˵˵ѡ
»Ϊľɸղһ𣬱ͽĴִԼͷÿûֵһۣûʲô
ľԭԽڿʲôûȤ˿ôһǵҲ۾յߣֻĻݣãʾһĿȻ
ƽ²Ÿյƪ½⡰ơֺȻʾĻ棬ֻϸۡ
뵽ƣľͻȻһ£ʵĪϵǸϾҪʼˣƽȽеôˣ
³գգ۾ӵ°
ϵƤЦݣǰЦ绨ӵƤȴֲʧɰľͻȻһɫҲԽı䣬ţһֱߡ
״ϵЦݣЩŵĿŶľɣΪʲôһ뻹Цĸ˵ŻһɫͻȻϾ
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룬뷨ų⣬ľɻСֵز
ðɣʹһᣬһľɰɡ
ִ˴գһ˫С¹۾ʵôˣˣ
˵꣬ǰͻȻһƬӰţǼͳ˺ŵıζζһ𣬷ǳĺš
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£
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žĶĸоϲˣ۶ʲô飬ͬС¹ͣ
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¾㱸ֻǷ硣¶ԼƵƷʾ⣬ڱҲǺġ
ľü𴽽ЦЦʵһʧģѵ֪ҵ۹жô𣿾ͲƷëΪ˲㲻ģǱóҿ˰ɣʱһὫȫעƷϡ
ǰ仰ŻϽµ⣬Ǻ仰ʲôʲô˼ǿ
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þգľɿɲЩνֱУ֪Ҫٲ彭µĻͻˣѽµתһ£Ŀ˵ǰ۹ߣԱҿϵŮ˶Ƿǳǳġ
仰͵͵ľһĴָԴӸһ֮öľɵԽԽˣǰǸĶľɼֱˡ

ʱһһţҲӽˣڱǰһϣѡһĺӰԼƷ棬˹ţĺܣ»˳˯ŵʱ͵һ
ڶϣϴ֮󣬸ԼһױʵνƯ˼ʹŲģҲһζֻǻױԵɫȽϺһѡ
Īϼ֮󣬽ҵǰ̨ǰ̨кʵĪ𣿡
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û£㣬ǸƱƷǽİαһʦˬʵЦݡ
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֪ǰ̨˵Щʲôǰָ̨˸򣬾Ϳ³˹ȥ
ǰŸߣĪž͸ȥߵķɵﷺֹôƷǸȥˡ
ͻȻĪ뵽˽´˴ĿˣһĨ۵׻
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ȽµӰʧ֮ĪӰ˳ͦأ߽˰칫


375͵

ΪĪϱ飬˵鶼ЩæʱĪһְҵװ䵭߽ĪϼŲһһòƷĴء
Īվ¥ǰȴһű˽ȥתֻԱٳδ˵ôһɣԱ֣ˣˣûϵģĪСɡ
Ī̬ȼֻð˹żݻԱ㶼һе˽Īе˾ĵȴһݡ
ĪŶ룬Ʒ̱˸ǰҵĲƷλŮСպú˵ĪС㣬ƷѾպˣʻʲôҪԸ
Ī˼˺þòװӣţ㵹ˡöˣȥϽһ֡šûˣȥɡ
ŮΪѵҧ촽˵⡭̫Զ˰ɣǴ򳵾ҪСʱأټ߷ڣǶϼӶ¡ϰʱ䣬벻ĪС̧֡Ҫñȥ㿴𣿡
Īͷ˵ôô໰ȥȥˣĥĥġȥҿǲǲҪݹˣ
ŮߣҲҵӦúúȥˣĪСžæܳȥ֡
Ī׼ŷ׼봢Ʒңʱһ˵ӰһԭǶľ·
Ī˳⣬һһѽ޷Ķľ칫ңľ׼ĪԤϵضסڣ
ʲôһľԾµضĪЦ
Īɫһ˵ȻҶὭ£ӵйͬĵˡһ뷨 Ҫ֪Ƿͬ⣿
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ĪֻóԼɱﵡȸ֪һЩڽµĺϣڶľɶó͵ĵһЩƬľɺͽһԷƬڴλԭȥǽڹľɡ
ľĪݹĵЩƬвŭգӦĪĺ
ľſڼලĪ˴ңһƬڣĪ˺ô󹦷Ŵ˴ҵĵƣƷ塣һЩڶ㷢˽õĲƷ
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ľһֱĵһֱڰֻͻȻһŵһԭĪˣϵЦݱ֪Ѿ󹦸ˣȲĪĪϼߡĪ֨ؽסɻ̾˿ˣ߰ɣһҪæһ¡
ľʵ벻ʲôֻƲƲ죬һһ뿪ˡ
Īŵ˼ңҪԱ¥İ칫ҵļɾ
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ĪһЦóһſӵǰ10ֻҪ¥칫ҵļضʧ³˭֪˵¥ر𻵡ļԱҼҵĴС㡣㲻˵Ҳ˵˭ֻ֪أֻҪָһ10͵ˡ
ɫɶӳһſ˵ſ50㿼һ£˷֣ҽڸ50󣬱ļ˺ǡ
Ա˿ڣһڴӦĪ
Īؼ¼ɾ󣬲ܽ仹ԭʱеʯͷء
ǽ»ͬһ˵Ц˿֪һЩ鷳Ĳ
ιھĲĪˣҿҪһٴͰʱɲҪСءͬ¶ͷ
εĿ֪ˣôԵĻ²ס찡ţСԻСĵʱһûҪ
ԣͬЦĻشҲٴһҪԵġ
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ͬ˵ţֻ˼ղ֣Ȧһ˲в˵޺ۣʲôŮ˰


376¼ͥů

»صʱ򣬾ͿԼĸĸ
裬һˡ
֮ɫʱÿһЩҪŽ¹
Ůæµѡ飬ǹؼһ죬ɲŮĺȡ
⼸ôˣ
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˵ͷеҼŮȻģֻҲҪע壬ȵһҪúϢ
ĸ׵ĻýһůȪһ
İ裬һûµġҲοĸ̲ͣסǰһգϲǴŹǰ
̲סһЦ΢ЦĿڵȻҶϲԵģһֻҪ⼸Ҳǹæ׻Ѿˡ
µ˵ͷõھʱ򣬸ҲͲҪˣ
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󺣻ʱѾ׽ͽ׶Ρ
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󺣵˵ͷЩ޵ĿڣȻںгɼˣǲҪźãȻͬ¶ܼġ
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µ̲סһ죬ָϽڣҪǰҹô죿ǿ㹤ѣûʲôĻҾȹˡ
ţһٹҡҪúϢЩˣľĿڣ᲻СŮܵκεί
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Ĳߺܶ࣬Ҵ໹мǧȵȣ˵ëˣﻹأ
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Ϣ
ʱʾĻʮһ㣬ŷѾˡ
Ҷľɿ϶ûϢҲҸľɷϢ˷ԼڿϣǿɾͲˡ
ϵ˾Ž硣


377±

ڶʱ򣬽ºľ͵ˡ
ȥʱҲѾкܶĲڵȴˡ
ȥӴúö֮󣬳ʱΧļŮ۷׷ס
֪𣿽ίȻжľܲأ
ǰҾΪ˶ľأֻҪܹһ棬Ҹʲôԣ
˵ܲúǻ֪ܹܲ˳󡣡
˵֮䣬ǰһ궯
̲סȥµûд߾Ƕľ˰ɣ
û뵽ľɻôܻӭ
ܲãһжѾ׼ˡӴĿڡ
ľɫȻǻȴǿϢ·µʱҲֻǲ
վں棬̲סһ鴤
ľװʶԼ𣿶ôСãǰô֪Щ
£ıкóʱأҪҪȥϢһ£滹мˡȥ֮һŮͿ˵
̧ͷллȥϴּ䡣
¸ߵϴּʱһɴͰһߣŮɫʱһ䣬ʱ򣬾һ𶯣ҡ
ľɣ
Ťͷľһſա
Ҫ˵ʱ뵽ղ˶Լ֮ģʱͲˡ
ľһȻ֪Щʲô
Ϊղŵ
ûС¿ķǵ˵
ľ΢΢һüҼǵĳ˺˵ҪҰģô췴ˣ
ǲҪİ̫ˣĿڡ
ľϸϸĿŽ£ڰѽ뷨ʳˡ
Ҷʶǣ˵ˣﲻֻһ𣿡˵գľɾҪ
¸Ͻ˺󼸲Ů⣬͵ֲľɵֻĬĬĳš
ΪղһҾҪȥίˣòʱһ棬˵Щʲô΢ȵϢڽ²ϣ̲סһ
ͼ棬ΪʲôҪΪʲôأ
ʱ䲻ˣҪ˵ʲôϿ˵ѣֱ
ľһˬӴһЩ
һǼСŮˣ溦ַʲô顣
ľɲ˽µֱӴĿסŮ°ͣͷȥ֪˰һЩ֮󣬶ľɲ̧ͷ
֪𣿡
±ǵκģЩȻ̧ͷʲô
Žɵɵӣľ̲סЦֻʱޣܼȥˡ
ȥ׼ɣҺʱˣҪȥæˡ
Щˣ뵽ղŵһĻͺܲζֱץס˶ľɵĸ첲۽΢΢һЦУǵʱҲ̫˰ɣһûйء
ľɵӶʱһڣŮ
ЩǵģȻһᵱ˽£
˵˵͸һЩΣա
ʶԣҪܵʱ򣬾ͱһץס
ܣͬ𣿡
˼Ӻ󣬶ľɲźͽ³͵һεĵط뿪
̾öľû̫֣ȻҪټȥ϶ᱻ˻ɵġ
»ص̨ʱ򣬸սȥʱ򣬾ͿĪͶľ꣬ˣҲֻǵɨһ۽£¿ʼ졣
ûЩһ￴ϡ
꣬Ҳ֪ܲܵõýأ˵ȻǹһЩ׼ġǶϼǧ𣬿϶ԵġĪ˽һֹۣ⿪ڡ
ͶľĹϵãֻҪ˶ľ㹻Σʲôˣ
ľҲĵͷǣλǶľ˵ģЩŹϵˣ϶ǻòεġ˵գľֳŽµǱ߿ȥ
ŵĺֻ̨ˣ벻Щѡ
νЦЦֵͷļ
һҪõھ
ǰôһԵġĪһԹά
õΣʱ϶㣬ҲҪԼĵλǣҪһЩֵ顣ľֲĿ˿Ī
ĪһΣָܿԭеӣȻˣҿ϶㶪ġ
ֻҪ˵˶ľ꣬ԺҪֻǶľôشԣһҪúòУ
뵽ĪЦһ
ңѾ˽˶ټ϶ľߡʧȥĶ֣ʲôµأ
ߣ¶ľ꣬Լ°ܽ
ĪֺͶľ˺ôһ֮źЦĿŽ£һϷҪϳˣǿ»ʲô취
ҲܵĪĿ⣬һʱҲ˵ʲôо


378Ʒʧ

һ֮˶Աȥ˺š
µڵȺǰһͬ²֪ȥˣҲ⣬ֻǵȴʱر
οԶŵĪͶľ꣬˲֪ЩʲôʱĿ۽£ȻһͬЦ
¼Ҫ˴̶Цʹͷ΢΢ü˵ܲ
ιܲܰ㣬ⲻԼҡ
ʵ޿̣͵վعͷĿɨĪͶľ꣬ǿĵŭѹɤ˵
ܵ˵ǵģˣĪЩˬͬվ
ǵȺңǿǿǱ˵ĸܣϾҪˣܲܰһ᣿򴽣ǿѹеŭ̲סսȭͷ
ĪмƲƲ죬߰İ°ͣŽ£:Īҵĵ̣͸ûʸң𣿡
ǣʲôʱֵǵˣδҲ̫֪˰ɣһߵĶľ긽͵ĪһҪɶļһԱ
ǡ
¶ƤӸеΣȥȺҵͻȻͱ˴ƿˡ
˶ʶֹͣ⡣
ĪϵĹԱһĪϵĹǰŵĹһ֤ݡ
Ÿλһ£С𣿡Ա߽òʵ
ѿڶش:ʲô𣿡
ƤͻȻ£ͻȻһֲõԤУܾãʲôҪƵġ
ǸС㣬¡ܲ˼һǱҪƷˡԱΪѵӡ
ΪƷǽֽǱܵģǷƷȴͻȻʧˣǱܵĲ׵ŵ½ƷĶʧ
޷ʱҵ¾Ͳܲμӱˡ
סˡ
Ʒ?ֱԼĶ䡣
ϾҪʼˣƷȴˣôμӱô֤Լ?
ǣ㿪Цɣ¾ȵſ죬ŹԱԥ˵
Բ𣬽С㣬ⶼûбܺáԱͷǸ
ºܿͻָ侲ȻкżǸ߹Ա:ûϵڿ취һңҵĵĻҾͻܲ
ԱͷҲīֱŽȥ˴Ʒķ䡣
ѾտҲķ䣬ʧ䣬ûзܣַһͷ
ָָǸͷʵ:ܴܲȥͷļ¼?
Աͷһȥ˼¼
û˽䰡ڼ¼ǰ²꣬¼
һֱûп˳Ʒķ䡣
Աͽ¶еһ֡
ôû˽?ƷѲԼ?
»ոտĴŷ䣬˴ߣûͨԽˡ
²٣һϸĹһ¼
ͻȻͣһ:ȵȣ
Աǰʵ:ôˣ
¼˵һָż¼ĻϽǼ¼ʱ䡣
°²żոĻʾʱͻȻһأмſʮӡ
ȱһأԱԾĵط
¼Ѿˣ֪˭¼ɾһء
´˿ȷˣƷѹͲǱŪģ˹͵Ʒ
˲ꡣ
˭?Ҫμһô𣿾ͷҪķʽֹ
˳ǽڻסЩ
Ա޴վһߣŽӣ֪ôźá
һᣬεĿڵ:С㣬ҪȻصȺҰɣǹ˾ԱڰƷ˵ҵġ
Щʧ䣬ޱվ
˭Ʒ?ûһ֤ݡ
ͷŹԱһص˵Ⱥҡ
ĪͶľ꿴߽Ľһʧ䣬Ȼ֪ûҵԼƷ
Īֻߵǰȴĵģǰʵ:ոԱ˵ƷˣǲĲãϾĪıҲᶪģҪǾĲãʵʱġ
ͺģ֮˵ĲãԲ˼ó
̧ͷĿû˵
ԱߵĶľҲЦĪĳ:ǲ˼Ʒ±˳ЦûǸʵƫǸͷҸʲô?˵ˣǡ
ԣŭ𼸺Ҫ


379±£

ǣҿȸ֦ͷˣҾ㣬Ҫˡľ䳰ȷ
ǿ̵ŭһӱľȼеİһ˦ָ˵:죡ȵԼλãҲ˼Ʒ?ĳЩ֮ǰΪʲô͵ҵƷ?ҾͲָˣϣǸе֪֮ԼԺɣ
ľˡ
˵Ĳ?ľڼֱ˽¡
ԭλã
ľ޺޵ĶŽ£˿ᡣ
ʱľŶ롣
ôˣ˵Ʒ?ľƺģЩżЩȡ
ڿľɵһ̣ӵһ㣬ίĿľɣĻ
ľɣô찡ҵƷˣղ˴ȥˣǼر˼һأûҸô찡ϾͿʼˡıŶľɵĿߵ
ľ۵Ľ§ԼĻıο:˺ˣ£ڣһ취ģѹ𣿡
µͷ̲סĸеʧ䡣
˭Ҫ
ľĿ:ż¶ڣҲҸ㶥š
һů
ͺͻȻĹһ㣬۽ǵỨɿ֣վã侲˵:ϾҪʼˣô죿
侲һЩľҲ˿ǣµ֣˵:ߣȥĪӷɲҪεģƷǽǹ˾Ժ󶪵ġ
µͷǣһͬȥĪӷɡ
ĪһĻмһȻ:ǣ꾫˹ˣʲôҲᡣ
ľҲöʼɵĿŽµıӰ
ƾʲôƾʲô¿Եõô˵ϲ?ľϲҲˣĪӷҲϲ
ѵȽ²ΪʲôĪӷϲĲ?ǽǸŮˣ
ľҧгݵˣ޲ڳǰһ
ľɺͽҵĪӷɣ̰ԭίĪӷɡ
ģƷͻȻͲˣҼ¼Ҳ˼һΣô죿Ҫô?²ţԵʧ䡣
Ѿ侲ˣǺѹ
ĪӷɿŶľɺͽ½ǣ֣۵һ˿İ䡣
ĺϲ¡
ڼĵһ濪ʼע⵽ͱ˲һжصʣһһ
ǾҪһ̣ľɲ֮䣬˺ԽµĻ롣
ľɺͽһˡ
˵ϢĪӷɸоԼĶˡ
һһҹδߣ̾Ϊ飬ǵڶ죬ҪʰţʰԼΪ˾ȱ˾Աûǹ˾Ĺǡ
ʹĿܾĪڴ˰ɡ
ѹȴܸ߱ˣֻԼӲš
濴ºͶľܵӣŤͷܿȥǣͲġ
ҪĻȰｭ취ҵƷϾϾҪʼˡ
Īӷֹͣ˼룬˽ǣŵֵĿĵط˵:ܲ˼ⶼǹ˾һ߾ȫҵƷġ
ι֪ͨңҪ취һ£ΪСƷ֪˭ˣǱҪҵĪӷɲͨһ绰Щ˵
ʱɲĥߴˣ˶Ѿ̨˵´ˡ
õģھ취ס鷳һҵȻĻҲû취ˣȫѾˡĸ˵
Ͼûƣܲһֱ˼Ҹɵȡ
֪Ȳ˵ˡĪӷɵȻ͹˵绰
һ붼ûеĪӷֲͨһ룬ԼĽ:ǱڸɶʮˣϽһæҽСƷϣڱʼǰҵûμӱˡ
ǣĪܡ绰Ƕ˵ĪӷɵĻҲҵ飬óٶȥѰҡ
ĪӷɺͶľɡҲûţƷпʲôʱ򶪵ġ
ȷҵƷǽǡ½촽üͷüչ˵
ʹˣǺܿ϶ԼǰƷŽ˷䣬ǿԱ֤ûǵԿסĪӷ˵ţҲͬݡ
ľû˵ûбϣޱ飬һֱŽµиİȫС
˽̽ţĸڳ?˭ܻ߽µƷ?
ͬʱĪӷɵڹ˾ѰңϾĪϵ⣬һҪҵС


380Ʒ粨

ǱĪϹԱҽµƷҲˣÿһƷʦѪƷˣӰ˱Ѫ֮ˮ
һԵץסľɵ֣ҧŴܻĵĽһ㡣
ľɿŽһʧģҲļˡ
ľһÿŵָֻŽµͷһİο:ûϵҵģֻˡ
µ˵ͷԴЩĻش:ԣҵƷˣ϶ֻǷˣҵġҲ֪ڰοԼǲöľɵġ
ľɼģۣߣ˭ôӣҶƴƷñ֪
ľµ˵:ҧˣ㲻ۣһء
˵ţ཭µȻͷԼ壬Űο:ûµģҵģԣƷ㲻Ҳ϶ġ
ľɱøˣȻ˵ͷ
ԣѹˣҵģҵģҪǰԼˣҲѹġ
ľĽµı˵˼䰲οĻ
ûãһԱ˹ϴòʽ΢ЦԽºͶľ˵:ľС㣬ãܱǸСƷǻûҵٴȷһ£СƷȷ𣿡
ºòƽЩˣŹԱ͵:ˣĽˡҡ
ǹԱòĵǸ˵:õģС㣬ȱżҡ
ĪǹһĨЦŶľ֣˵:꣬ҪҲæҰɣֻǲ֪ΪʲôֻĶˣҲֿġ
ľ֪Īָǻ:ǰ㣬˵Щ˵Ʒò֣¶ӣԲ˽ڡ
˵գ˲ĳŽµķһۡ
ȺиŮʦŰ˵:㿴ĳЩ˱һίģﻹ֪ôЦЩɵأƷû֪أ
ľҲ˵:ǿɲڻ˷Ǵҵʱ䣬˶ƷֲΪģôҪѲھڶˣ
Īӷȥˣŭֹ:ұ졣˵ʲôЩԽ𣿷ʦ𣿡
ǸŮʦͻȻ䣬˱죬Ӳƽˡ
Ȼ˵Ĵ˵:ô˵ˣ˵ʲôң˵ʵһûƷʦϯ˵Ķꡣ
ľ˵ͷ
Īӷɱµ޻˵ֻܺݺݵٵǸŮʦһۣʾ˵ˡ
ǸŮʦװûһ㣬ԱߵһһͣһҲûӡ
ĻȺнʦľĻҲЩסˡ
ȺҲ֪˭ֹһ:˵еֲΪŰı˾Ͳھ𣡡
һ˿ͷʣµĲȫ
˺Īӷһ䣬ʵ:ĪЩǲǲϯʦǲȡһ𣿡
Ī㵹Ǹһ˵ҶμӱģԴ𣿡
ĪͶľ˻Ⱥ壬:ⲻƽ
ԣƽ
ȺеıԹԽԽ࣬Īӷɸ˵Īӷ죬֪˵Щʲô
Ȱһ¡ľɿȥˣֹܱǸʱ䣬ŽСƷǽ˵ģϾСǰƷҲĿá
ľ˵껰ȺĲͷСһ㡣
ĪΧԣ˵һ:ǣϯʦ˲أ˰˵
ȺгĬһᣬֱ˲ͷ
ǣϯʦ˲ϯʦӻʹأ붯ľҰ˵˭֪ͷǲʵȺеıԹ˷
Ī㵹˵䰡ǴҲһֱһ˰ɡ
ĪӷüģҲ֪ô˵ˣҪЩʦٵһᣬܰݶƷҪǲȣ¡
Īӷε˵:Ȱһ£ڵ⣬СƷδҵڿʼҲƽҲҪż
ǵôʱ䣬Ǿ͹ƽǲǣȺеӴҪһ䡣
ǡ
ĪЦһŽ¿һۡ
²ֵľ֣Ŀ⳯Ŷľȥһı飬ѰοСޡ
û뵽ֳΪҳһʱҲ֪ҪҪ˵ʲô
Īӷɸɿֻܲϵ˵šȥάŻ᳡


381ƵĻ

ֳԽԽңƾĪӷôҲˡ
ģ˼һ֮ȻȻĳŶľɵ˹ȥ˿ȥͣסҪ˵Щʲô
ĿɨһȦȻ˵:Ȱһ£лҪ˵ϯʦ¡
ȴڶȽϽ꣬ҵƷ޹ʧ٣ҿЩţЩ˲ţȷʵǽˡ
ҲܱǸұʱ䣬ٴγһ£ҡϯʦĳƺţȷʵǿԼģЩ˵ǿűġ
˵µߺĪײһĪĹ˹ǣҲ䣬ӸµĿ˻ȥ
Ǹ⣬ǶңǶԴңȻҪ˶ҵͷǻɣûϵʱӭ
˵꣬¶˶٣ĬĬ߬ȭʲôһ㣬Ȼ˵:ڣĪʼɡ
ĪӷһȵĿŽ£һ֮󣬡㡭Īӷɡ㡱˰Ҳ˵ڡĲμ
Īĵˣ̫ˣĿĴˣӦ˵ľϲýѿɹˡ
˵꣬ͷȥߵľԱߵʱͻȻץס֡
̧ͷһ۶ľɣʾľ֡
ľץøˣ̨µ˵:УҲͬ⣬ҪƱ΢ӳһ£СһᣬֳƱƷպҲôҼʶһ£ġϯʦͷǲðƵġ
֪λΣ
ûҲСһᣬҲ˳Ħһ¡ϯʦƹ̡Īӷɵһͬ˶ľɵ뷨
Īӷ֪ÿһҲÿһƷô˳϶ܵġ
ľɵ˵ͷʵ:ýСأʲô𣿡
֪ո²ķʱľжۣľţ˵ʼʱҪ
ԼƵƷչֳίοϲŮ˵Ʒί
֪ľ뷨跨ĸᣬ˵ͷش˵:ãûֳƸպЩ˿ҡϯʦĳƺǲġ
߸˵꣬Į̄¾סˣýֳƣԣμӱʲôͷɲ
ĪֳָԹýֳƣȻһŬͶ׷ˡ
ⲻ˵:Ӵ˵𣿡
ĪӷɳЩŭ⣬:ĪϵıԸ⣬Ʒˣ
û뵽ǣ仰ʱԱߵ˲Ⱥ֮еĪɫôû뵽Լĸ磬Ȼά£㽭ºͶľһˣˡ
ԱߵĶľǷŭ
ƾʲôƾʲôҪȣԼƷãʲôʸμֱľѹͷ
Ͻ̧ͷ޹·ղ˵Ĳ
ԣľĪһҪƳٱСֳƵĻᣬ㲻Ȩı˽
ıǲμʲô壿αظģ
Щʦһһ˵ţĪӷɺͶľûʱ͡
¿һֱҵĪ΢΢:˵ȷʵ޵ֳƵĻᣬҲܹ֤ǲԼĴ⡣
֮⣬ʵ˵ףҲǳĪͶľ˹ȥġ
Īɫ΢䣬ŭŽ£²Ϊ˵:ʦȻҲƷ˵ܣ𣿡
仰Īܹиʦ۵˾ˣȻҲзԵġ
ҵĶˣҲϣܹлһΣϾ̫ˣ
ǵûж˵ˣԼƷãָ˰æ˵ˣĪϵıҲĪϾǴƻ
ЩĪиӵ⣬Ȼ֧˵оʹأ
ʱ˳Īӷɼ˺ϽʼɣҲôʱˣҪΪСٵȥǶƽСô˵ҲǵͬУӦòᷴԵİɣ
¿ЦһѯʵĻȴûѡȨʲô
̨µʦšƽĻĿⶼһۿŽ£ѹĺܡ
ıˣһԲĳĬš
ľﵣŽ£ȴ֪ôοֻĿһеʼٸߡ


382±ʼ

Īӷɸ㲻Щʦֲýʧȥλᡣ
飬ٿɣúϢĪӷɳ˵
˵⻰ Īӷɾת뿪ˡ
һ۾ͿŵĶľɣŽµ֣ο
һĻĪӷɿˣЩڲǾʱߵ˵ǰ
ˣĪӷ΢΢̾˿Щε˵Щʦôͬ⣬Ҳûа취
⻰ һżֱţת
ӣľæ뻳Уʵѵ㻹𣿡
⻰һĶ裬һӾý°
ľɿ֣һһ԰ġ
û˵ȡµıʸɣľɫʵ
Īӷҡҡͷش˻֮ƣѯһǵôġ
Ȼû˵ľɾ˵ǡ
ȥ˵ľǣŽµ֣ǵˡ
ǣŵ֣Īӷߺܣûʲô֣ˡ
˵ȺҵǰĪӷţõŶ롣
ֵʦľǣŽµֽ
ܲ˼ҪǣҪһµġľɫ˵
ľɶǶԣǿɼˣ³̸ȻǺܿĵġ
ҵŮѣҲ֪λְҵһҲʦҲֳģֻЩ⣬Ʋˣʱ˺ö˼ƷҪᣬϣܸһᡣľɿ˵
Ȼģܶ˶ܹģһǶľ˵Ȼͬˡ
ͬˣľתµͷڣʲôԽġ
Ҳصĵ˵ͷǿġ
ܶ˿ľɶԽµӣʮֵĲ죬ΪոǸĮȫͬ
飬ľǣŽµ֣˳ȥ
¾͸Ͻ׼׼ֳơĪӷѵ
ӣҲʼ׼ˡ
ǰ˷ֱĪͶľꡣ
һλѡǶľС㣬롣˳˵
˻һ䣬ľ̨ϣǴЦСƷڷź
Сһȥľվм䣬ԼƷ˵һЩ鶼ССһŵģһԲ鴮һ𣬴λĲϣʡ
̨µڣû̫ķӦľ֪ԼҪٽȥȻίˣﶼˡ
شҶ֪м˼ɣϧأҲԢţˣһˣϧءľЦЦ˵
˵⻰ľ΢΢ϹʾԼˡ
ίǷ׷״ΪǾ仰˵ĲЩڻǺϲģǿƣȷʵ̫ͨˣίķߡ
ƵԢܺãҪһƾ͸ˣеͨˡίA۵
ۣľе㲻ǹԹԵĵлȻ̨ˡ
ж಻ˬ˵ʲôġ
ȵľһ̨͵Īˡ
Īɨ˼ίǳЦš
ȵС㽫Ƹڷźúʼ
һ䣬ͨûʲôͬʵǴͬġĪλһصӡ
ĪߵƷǰ˵ûгߴ磬ԼڣָСڣ۳ߴǶ߶СǿԴϵġѡͼΣѡҪ͸˭аģС֣˱Ӱ
ƷһӾǾˣΪƸȷʵǴͬġ
ǵľЩίЦݣĪùھԼˡ
뵽ʲôĪЦͼһԲΣԲһתǡ
ֺÿֺãȻǲϲġ
Ҷʮֵϲǲ֪ܲ鷳ЩĿͼηֱʲôʺ͸ʲô𣿡ίAЦʵ
Īĵ˵ͷشģԢŰ͸Լһ룬СԢС͸Լѣͬѧͬ¡֣Ԣź죬͸ͻ˱ӰԢŶ飬͸ʦˡ
ЩĮ̄
ԼķĪʮ֪ģ͵͵ȥˣ֪ԼķܸߣȶľƷ㣬ˡ
ҽھӦþҵˡĪţڴ


383µ÷

ΪûƷҪ̨չʾΪ˲ˣŵ
ĪͶľ궼ǰ棬Īһ̨ϳˡ
˻´ݲȵ̨ûиС㣬ҲûκεƷ˶ú֣Ƕš
Ͼһݣȴί֮⣬вٵĹڵģҲԿڶⳡӡ
еһ㣬ǽ¡
Ϊϯʦݣݣܶ˶ûпʵʱ򣬶ǶɵģҲΪˣǳҪµʵǶ٣
ʲôû׼͹˰ɣ
ҵ죬ǾԼƵĲôԲó˰ɣ
ЩڳΪϯʦ֮ʵ̫̫ˡ
ҲΪˣʱŻӣŻμ
ڵĽЩ˵֮󣬿ңԱߵ˻ǰλڽ½ƷʵкܶģԭǸǹ˾ƷǷǳıǸΪǹ˾ƷʧˣҲΪˣʱľý±˵ƣȻҲǾͬģڸλҲǱ۸ʱˡ
Ц˵ǲ̶̵ļ仰ԱߵĹڶ˽⵽е
Щ֮ǿһĶʮ־ȣϾ˭Ҳû뵽ʦܹţƱƷ
ȻܹԼƵĻˣ
ǰǰô꣬Ҫַģ
ҲҪҵﲻΪʲôϯʦ
ԱߵЩ۵µ϶ûʲô飬ֻ̧ͷʱпίϯλĶľɣͻȻů
ƫƫʱľҲڿۿŹϯЩͣľ΢΢תͷˣȻѾ˵ˣھͿʼ
˵֮󣬱֮Ѿʼˡ
ʱĽҲң˿һԵıʯԭϣˮ״ʯ׺СԲ꣬һЩЩ֮ǰƵһԿʼͼ
һεƺϴεĲУҪʱ׼սԼ
ÿһʻȥǸɴģһ㶼ԥҲûκҪ޸ĵĺۼַʮֵʯǺѻģǽºܿͻˣҲǺܲģ̨µһЩʦ׷׸̾
ôᣬƵַ
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ļѾƸ۷ˣҪʮڴģϾҪѧϰһ£˳Ĥ´
ˮ״ʯҪģʯ׺СԲ꣬ΪԵòôһܹһ㡣ЩԶԶģҪټЩ챦ʯɻȥԳˡ¿˵
˶ѾĲˣⷬȫ
ŴҶôϲƣһˡ
ĻҪܹԼˮһЩˮ״ˮЩ׺ȥʯˮӦǾ䡰ҪõһˮˮΪܱҪˮģûˮһжҪʧġ
ⷬ˶̾ˣϾܶʦû뵽ĶǺòÿԢò
ƷǳİҿôᣬƵַȻôʵǺίAһģ
ίģȻǲҵġ
ԱߵĶľɺĪӷɣԭΪίҪϸģΪŮʶŮͷ֮ҲֻǴ˵˼䣬ûƫ̻˼
Ҳ̨̨ǰ͵͵Ŀһ۶ľɣľҲÿһЦ
һλϣвʦΧߴߴš
Щ⣬¸оЩͷΣǸĿǣе㲻ʲôл˵
ӣҲǴˣȻûϴˡ
ίҲ֣֡ľɺĪӷ˶ί¿ɲΪǻƫ̻ԼӰб㵽ʱ֪ԼǵĹϵ˵ʲôҲν
ãλʦǹɼһ̣شҶ˺ܾðɡЦЦ˵
ʦǶڽŵĵȴţϵʱ򣬸ǽš
˹صһ̵棬˵ص㡣
˴α߷ǽС㣬ϲ˿£Ц˵
˻䣬һ𣬲ͶĽ񣬵Ƕķڷ


384˵Ĺϵ

˵ʲô¾Ȼõ˵һĹھĪȵĿڡ
ΪʲôѾѽµȫˣ
ľҲͬǲţĿŻ㱨ĹԱ
ĪС㣬ľС㣬Ѿˣ˵ȷǽС㣬ˣС㻹ίһºԱսսĿڡ
ľ߬ȭͷ˼ʡ
ĪҲͷϣƼҲ÷ֻһȴŶľ뿪ˡ
ľصϢ֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ輸ϵСӣˤȥƾʲô¿õһ
һǽǸ¼ֶΣõ˵һ
Ī״ϽڵĿڣ꣬ȱһԼô졣
ľһûĪ㲻˵ҵƷõһôʲô˵ýµƷͱҺã
ĪһΣֿڰο꣬ôôأһĶΪġҲ֪¾ȻĪҲݺݵҪأйԼĲ
ߣҪңʸμֱòҪ˭ľָ߰Ŀڡ
꣬ҵȻġĪһһףҲЩ
ľ꣬һҲҪ֪
ֻöľﵽԼĳЩĿġ
ҲƷȽµĺãȴòһһè壡ҸղŹԱ˵ίһºÿ£϶ǽЩί
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Ǻӵ׺Ѿڹ߾˺
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ǣĪһ̧ͷʱɫˢһ䡣
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ôܣΪʲôƷʶ
ĪԼˣϽ۾ôǸƷԽԽϤˣ
ľ꿴Īı飬ɫҲѿ˼֣ǸƷô𣿡
Īһ㶣ϽԼ״̬ôأƷ֮ǰԿ϶ǳϮģû뵽¾Ȼôɡ
Ҿ֪ؼһҪúò齭¡
ĪͷĿֲԾ˴Ļϡ
ôᣬΪʲôȥʫô񣡾Ҳһģһ⵽ɺϻǡ
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ĪЩȥ룬̧ͷʱ򣬴ĻѾصˡ
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˵ʲôϵĪûҼȥ룬ЩƷȴĳԺ档


385°˵Ľ

ľ꿴ų˼Ī̲סڱԹĪЩʲôϽң
Īһ㶣ܿ췴Ӧ˹ЦһȥһЩϢģһе£ˡ
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һҪҵ֤ݣȻ߷£
Īﻹղŵ飬Ըûע⵽ľ˿̵뷨
һߡ
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С㣬֪ܲܺӰһţϲϸӰ
СƷǰһպȤģҵĹ˾ʱӭ
С㣬ʱĻһò𣿡
¶㱻ЩЩļý壬ͲҪˡ
ллллҶҵ֧֡ҲЩжȻõһѾ־ڱصãҸ̫ͻȻԼץȡ
С˵ﻰԺҪչء˵֮ǰԽºίһҲϳ
´ݵ߹ȥֺͼʦ˺Ӱ
ղŶҵİûǿ϶òġǫһЦ
㣬ȻҲû취ϣԺǻл
۾һʦȦڳѸ㣬˶ΪƢǣԵõ˰ĻҲǶһֿ϶
̲סһ죬Ͻ˵һģҲѧϰ
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ľһ䣬ѾĨʽ͸¶һЩΣա
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ԣڻڶľɵĻ
ԼҪһͱֹˡ
һ죬Χǵ˻ԽԽࡣ
ʱ֪˭һ䣺ᰡ
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˵ЩҲˣû뵽ȻǶľ!
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ҲȻ仰
Ͷľ֮䣬ܰ䣿
ľɵЦһĵӡ
Ǻܰ䣬İˣ
Ƕ֣ľɿҵġ
ôˣǴҵĺ
ҪŬˣǶľ֪֪նϷſ
ҵĽЩۣɿҡ¿˵
ԣľɵĿ̲סŽµĽף̲סɫһڡ
˵ղˣֱ߶ľɣεûô򵥣Ȼڽͷ϶֣϶Ϣģ
ңҲίĿڡ
ľɰѽ§˻ֶűڵһȥһ¼أ˭ġ˵գֶ˿ڣε鲻żȻģΪǵʦܵ˺Ҳߡ
˻һ˸Ǿȼ֡
ȺĶľ꣬ҧгݡ
ֻһ£ľɾȻʦڣҲܼˣľɲһģ
ľֿ˿Щ˵Ľףû˵ֱӽ±˾ȵĿ⣬ֱ߳˺̺档
ľ㡭Ҫ˵ȴ˵ֹˡ


386һԽԽõ

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һжİ裬ҿ϶ԽԽõģ


387ɺ

Īص֮ͰԼؽ˷ʧǵڴϣϸŸղűʱһУȻ˵õ˹ھҪǸºʫ֮䵽״ʲôϵΪʲôºʫƷôƣ
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Ī֮ǰҲ཭ƵƷҲֻĳɹȴһƷ̡
ƷƵˣҲӦòôɰɣþߵˣǰµ츳ûôߣôԺͱΪƴʦʫᲢأ
ĪԽԽ֣ΪŮ˵ĵǺ׼ģָоҲͻģȻΪºʫ֮һЩʲôǻľʲôϵأ
˸컹ʲô˼ûУ鲻Щ꣬ϰԵ𴽽ǡ
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Ҷϵ绰֮Īڴϰڳһ֣ﻹŽºʫ֮飬֪ǲΪ飬һ죬˯ȻϮ˸Ұ˯˹ȥ

ȥһ֮ĪŽӵǸ˽̽ĵ绰
ҪҶ鵽ˣҪϸϢҿͷҲ˵Ծ͸㷢˷ʼȥһԼ˽̽Ǳ˵š
ĪĬĴ򿪵ԵԼʼʼʾһδʼ򴽣ȥ֮һɨĶ֣Щۻ
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ĪŪĹ𴽽ЦЦһԼܻᷢһȴֻԼС˸绰Ըȥһʦ
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ʦְҵҪЩνĹ֮򽻵ģ֪ǲΪãĪһη£ҧŴı΢΢ɿͨʦмһ£绰˵̫㣬֪ܲܳ˵
ʦǱߺˬĴӦ

ĪͷʦԼõĲܴ󣬵ֻżˣټϷʦҲ࣬һžͿ˷ʦ
ĪŽ°׸ߵĸ߸Ьʦ˹ȥ


386껥

ʦƤĪһԵķװģĵĪСã֪ʲôɻҪһأ
Ī򴽣˵ѣһʱһˤһסԺˣȻ֮ҾͷǰЩһ˵ﲻһֱǰҷλѹʵľƵĵط԰ҽһʲô𣿡
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Ӧν¹ڣ֪ڵĽ²Ķľ
Ī򴽣뿴ŷʦͨʦһæģôȻٲģЩǶ³֮󣬻һʸӷĽ˵ţʹӰóһǮϣƣǮƸ˷ʦ
ʦǰλεңëүү΢Ц֣һǮ˵ҲһңɵþЩˣһ


388²ľͲ

ڶϣľɿԼĸ״ĺӣƲȥԷģȢϱģľЩƣͽ²ηǣΪʲôڿʤлһֱ˵ĸо
ʤеN·ôʱ򣬶ľüͷεÿÿ㴩ļ·ÿٲȥĻҪٵˡ
仰ʤие⣬Ȼһ˵𣬲ľôһѣҪ¸ĸԷ飬Ȼ˫ҲǵһμˣĿĲͬзǾԲĳϳٵġ
ʤվȫǰ˿ת˼Ȧ֮󣬴ԼȷԼױݴϿʲôëŸŶľ뿪
ȶľɺʤ֮󣬶ľŷ˳óֻһ绰ȥĿ⽥
ľȥ˽סǼҹԢѽ»ĸϳ˲Ųȥꡣ
ͽҲεķ粻ͬѰҲǿһ

ϣһԱѲ˵ݸľɣľûӣµķ°͵ɣҲ֪ʲôɿڣ㰴ǵϲɡ
Աѷһתݸ˽¡
󺣺ˣɵøеο˵ܴӺܶСϿܶϸڣ͵¿Կľǰѽ·ϣɵ̾ɿһúӰҲܷġ
ǰɵȷǸֵĺˡ棬ҲһԴǻ
ʤЩȿ佱ԼģϾľɿĽÿθ̸ľɵʱԺı飬Ϊľķ涼ãҲöͳ
ҲһֿģҲǸܺõĹ޽ǶľңԲܵһһίʤҲЦš
һڵĻ̸ཻţ˾һˡ
ľɺͽתͷһЦ˴ֻ֮һоǾҸ
һĲѾɨһˣ˻ڿĵţرʤлŮĵǿġ


390Ľ

ľ仰öľЩ࣬һʱ侹֪ʲôش𣬵Ӳһ仰˵ϳϵȥˣûм鲻һڣǲǳŮ˵Ĺƻҩôһֱ˵Ҳã˵ʱ򣬶ľѾ͵ͨˡ
ƽʱǲľ˵ģҲ֪ΪǾƹˤľǵҪüһء
λνķʦ껥ôôģôҵ˵˵ģĪн𾦻ۣԿħ֣ҾҾһͨĲͨ˰Ҿң˵ꣿأǶľɴǽ»صǻ
ľɿŽƯŵЦݣ۾΢΢ϹŮ˹Ȼһ㡣
ʦͶľ궼ͻ⼸ҭˣش𣬾˵
ҽѧҲû껥Ľ˵ո˵ʱⶴ˲ŵҺͱ껥ˣ㣬֪ʱⶴ嫵ﵽû˵ǸνʱⶴôϵأƯһ˫ĿŷʦϻЦ⣬Цȴ˿۵ס
ʵһһģʦǰƭʱԻ·ˣͨ˵ʲô˶ɵˣĻ²̨
ʦͻȻͱͨ˿Χ˿ĿⶼһֱģʱԼ޴ţҪ鴫˳ȥĻԺȥ⣿Ŀ˽һۣת뿪ˡ
߰ŷʦ뿪ľæһ
ľ꿴ŷʦĶӵӰյĶ˶ţɵѷʦʮ˴ڶʺһ顣
ʦĶˣʵʵ껥ҲһĲֵˣľû뵽ĽȻģһʼȫһøеѿӦǽ²ŶԣôھȻˣ
վסľҪ˲ע⣬͵͵ߵģ˭֪Ųһ½ţ߾ʹľ͸
ʱľеͷƤ飬ֻ׼̧ĽҲǣҲǡ
ʦ֮һ˲ŴӸոյͻ¼ﷴӦʤпǰĶľ꣬뵽ոոɵЩ飬ʮֹȥߵľߣȵոڸʲôͻȻˣȻ˵ЩϡŹֵĺ


392¶

ڻûдӸղǼﷴӦǰǻͶľһʱ򣬶ľȫͲԵŮӰôأ
ҡҡͷǰľԸһ򶼺ܹɣһһ⣬Ըʤоĺǰסʤеļ˵Ҿ겻ǹģӦǵ;˵˵һЩʲôĻԲŹ֤һ¡
Ҳæǰ˵԰ھͻһСӣǻǺܳ죬˵ʲôˣȥúýˡ
ʤҲý󺣷򸾿ԼЦƣ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ǲټȥˣһֱû˵ĽͻȻˡ
ûһھ׵ĻԵЩͻأľڵ˶һͶϡ
ϰԵ򴽣˿ľɻʤУֿһԼĸĸջǾЩ˵ټĻһ·ģľҵʱŰĳ谮ҵĸĸͱŷĵңĿľҪҸϳľڣѾӶľˣ֪ʲôԭɻʱʱĸʹӡ
һõί˵꣬Ҳ࣬Ȼôһ仰ﶼû˵Ǹֵ˭˶֪ǸǶľꡣ
˵ĻԶû֪ľЩʲôûǰܹʲôίҲرˣñһٶ۸Լͷϣȴ÷֡
ͻȻֱðʤдͷ뵽ľصľҵǶʱ䣬ԼԽµĹȷʵ࣬Ҳѹľˣȴһ֪
һ룬Խµ֮ӿͷʤ죬ȴЩҪǸĻں䣬˵
˵һԲ
ֻǿͷϵĶԲѣûʲôãһԲҲ޲ˡ
ǳ˶ԲЩʲôأ
ʤдͷԽĳĬߵǰסϸС֣ЩΡ˵Բڲ֪¡
ҡҡͷһסʤеֵû£ѾȥˣûҪ˵ˡ
˵ЩôͬһĿ⿴ҪֻôҲľƭѣʱ򣬿аˣʵĺڰıЩåƦҪڡ
һٺö˶˵ķ类ľֵǶСƻˣҶû˳Է˼һˣ¡
һͷԵҲģֻȸԻؼңٵ
֮󣬶ľɿһƲֵĽ£֪鲻ã߹ȥС֣תͷԽ󺣷˵壬ǻȥɡ
ܵϵǹȵĴ̧ͷһۣľڸĸĸ˵ŻֻܿüϬĲ
Ϭһ㣬ŸտľɣתͷһۣǾЦһ
֪ľҪԼһ㣬ʵ鲢ûΪľòģֻ뵽ǰǶαľѹӣһСС˸аˣҲõĲˣҲľЦЦ
ǵЦ⣬ľһ£ΪǲԼĶǿջЦĶһȷǷĵЦŷ
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Ů˺Ů˺ĲĻ⡣
ľεҡҡͷŤͷŽ£һִֻӷϷС֣£ԼĴ
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췢ʵ÷ϣҲˣԺҪ㡣ľɳ˵
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仰Ǹ䣬ŮѲֹ̬ã涼Ƕáľɴ΢¶һ΢Ц
´һĨЦȴִһ˿ᣬӶһĨɫ
ڶľԽԽ˵˰Ҳ֪Ǵѧôͦģ֪ʱ˵ЩʲôϽͷȥܵרĿɣһ˵ɶϡ
ľɣ
ڽ²ӦҲ佱һ𣿲ע⵽ղŽ˵ġһˡû飬ѾǱʶΪѾһˡ
ʶǳĺã
ѽһͻȥ֮󣬶ľɺʤлص
ʤпſڰŵ˫߸Ь֪ľѾˣ°ľķȥ
ľŲûйأʤֱӾ˽ȥľڴϣ
ʤһԲߵľǰŸոտ޹ϻۣʤһʹҧҧ뵽콭˵ЩҲЩԶľģ꣬ΪҾúΪʲôأһ£һƭӴ˵һЩű߼ʵĻƽʱô˵̣ΪҾǸĺӣΪֱϡ
ľ֮԰ŴΪ˷ʤнοԼû뵽ûοһ٣Щίӿͷľۿʤеʮ궼棬ǰĸĸҲûнʲôõʣôᶮã
һʤеģ򴽣ûٽղŵĻ˵ȥ


393¼

»ص֮󣬾һͷԼķ䣬
򸾿Ž½յĴţǵ˵С᲻Щʲô
ľΪʵЩ̫ͻˣ֪û˺µ顣
ģ˭ûһأС̬ôã侲һ¾ͺˡ󺣰ο
룬ҲеͷŽһ뿪ˡ
ڴϣһĴϣ۾Ŵɰ׵컨壬һߣոûнʵ뷨ֳô˵ҲһŮӰҲǻ˼еʱ
ʵ̫ˣһһ֣رĲ
·ͷ벻ͨЩ⣬ԾͰ۾ˣҲԭ򣬼ʹǽһ죬Ҳ˿û˯⡣

Ϣգûȥ˾ڼﰲ˯󺣺Ҳ֪ȥˣһڡ
һߣľľԽԽﲻʹ죬ʤж˵ôݻһжǽɵġ
У仰ܾȥôҲý¸ǸУ
ľʰһסĵطȥ
ʱѾӴˣõϢղȫ˷ڴϡ
ұһ¶ˣʱɳϣɳ۾һգգĶȲķ翴

֣߳һĿһ۵ĻԸȥš
һţӳľһ
ҧҧ˶ľһ۵ôˣ
һϡأôҲøҸǸɣ㺦޹ʱҸһ֮ͨˣأľ۽ǹһ˿⣬һͱ˵ģﻹа˿ڱǰɵģ
²˵ˣӵƳ˶ľһۣ룬ҲֻǰľŻ¶һ棬㲻Ϊʲôľһ˶Դϸһ£ȷԼûеĵط෴ǶľʱʱĪϱʲôޣϱû壬ⱲӲ壿
ܺðɣΪʲôͷľҪǸЦ
˵ɣ֪˭أ²ɵЦһ
ľ걾ͷϣµЦȻȻΪЦղŵǷ˲䣬Цʲô
ϵЦ⣬ľ˷µģ͸ĸסĵطԱ߶ھӵģҲñ˿Цʲô˵˵ţͲ˲ӣľ
ľҲںˣҲڱǰ°ͣ˽ȥ
µļҲ󣬵ȴܰ
ȸСȫ
ûȽ·ľ;ֱɳϣǼĽһ
򴽣û˵ڶľĶ
£㵽ҪͲܴҵﳹʧˣڶľҴСλҵģ֪Ӷľܲģû취㱾ͲľϻŨױߵ۽Ǹ߸һִСķ緶
¿룬ܸǸױһͺˡ
㲻Ը˵ʱҲǷԸ⿴㣬ĶվģҲߣûҪô̩ۡȻƵ˵š
ľߵľǽ²ʲô¶ֳܱʮֵģ
ȻкܴһԭǽµķôҲѧ
ľܻʲô£ʲôʱֵ˵ˣ
ɣľ꣬һС¾ܵȼĻ
ⲻڶ˵ֻ̣һĽ飬ûȥԿҲҡͦԼģȻܸľƽ͵˵
ǺƺĻ£һŭĿ
ʵһֱ㣬ΪʲôεңǿѺദĲ𣿡üͷ𣬿Ŷľʡ
ľԥһŵ˭ĪӷϲأҸ㲻ˣãΪʲôߵһĶϲ㣿ҸϲˣĪӷɾȻҲԵĵĵġ
ʵѽµĺܶĪģ壬ûѵ顣
ԣ²ɵһԭôʱľεĵǰһ˰
Զḷ̌ǲܲ߻Щ°ɣǽ¿ľ꣬ľȷʵǸͦˣǴûöԵطкܶطçײ
ڶľ󣬻һΪıߡ
˼ȥѲĪϡ


394³

ºٵˣǰǰҲֻĪͶľжһ㣬ЩĪԽ»ĪҲǺ޵ġ
Ī¾֮ǰĪʫЩ飬ֽ߬һָҲȻ֪һʹ
ô˵ˣǲǾȫ˶ΧתúܵⰡ²˵ľʢ̱Ļſھ˵
ԴЩʹ˿ҲľЩϲ˭⣬˵˰ɣڿ𣿡
ľû뵽»ôֱӸߣվݺݵһۣһ˵ҺǼƵġ˵꣬Լƨɣ·ղʲôĶ㡣
״Ҳûиƽϣȶľ뿪֮ͿʼĪ⣬ľ겢һݽɫ֮£ĪҪࡣ
ÿݺǶľжĪһĺʮĻһŮˡ
ͿԿˣΪʲôûпأɵĺΪ˹ۡ
뵽ǰ飬µɫѸȥ˼֡
ĪҪץһЩˣĪһ˲ͻ᲻ϵĸ鷳ԺһΪеһ鷳
ĪǸ򵥵ҪҲס
̾һ֪ôźãڲסľ⣬ӶʵЩġ
˺ܾã벻һԸĪľѰ취

ڶϰʱ򣬽µ˼ûлɻζԸĪ
뵽ʲôһԭ޹ͻȻ˹ʡ

ôһأ뵱ĪıʱҲеʩأҲ֪ڼôˡ
ԭӦһǵĸҹӣɾʹЩ飬ܱҲȡ
۵һƬ⣬˿ⶼûˡ
ǰô۹ôϺô࣬ôƫƫôһĹεˣãֵܹиһ룬Ҳ԰ǰЩźֲˡ
ľɣȾЦ⡣
תǩֱʣڼôˣû˾ȥһأȥһ
ЦЦȴ˿ЦⶼûС
칫ҵͻȻƿˣ»ԼļƻУԽ˻Ȼ֪
רĵʱͻȻ˵һ£ûʹľͻȻһ£ټϽ£͵رһһŵ̧ӡ
ǰʱһķжȥЩֵôҲ˵һ
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仰öľɵģ˹཭ë׵ͷʣһ°ȥԷ
ɣһҾͲȥԷˣҪȥ¡˵
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Žһŵģľͷһϲûгκβã𣺡ã˾ؼңһҪҴ绰
ûʽȥʲôǲ෴ر֮䲢ʲô鶼Ҫ̹˴֮ҲҪһĿռ䣬ܹ̫ԼԷӲý¾ø̸һѹȸС
ԽҲԽ׶ϡ
ԣ㶣û뵽ľôˬʹӦ
Դһ֮°඼һġ
Ž·㶵ģľ̲סӺһЦͷһϵıЦ°ˣ߰ɣ㵽˾ſڣһЩû꣬ڹ˾Щȡ˵꣬Ȼİѽµǣ˹
£
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ľɰ͵˾ſ֮ת˹˾
һ⳵һص㡣
˾˵Ҫȥ̧ƤӺӾ￴һۣʲôû˵ţĿĵʻȥ


395

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֮ҪǱжǱôҲܸǰǸᲢۡ
ȻһͿԾһ˵̬氡
ͬȵĲֹǽ£׽ΪʲôͻȻ֮Ҳûʲô
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Ŀһۣ֪ͻȻʲô˼Ȼû̫ĽӴ˭֪ǶľҵĴС㣿
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˽µĽ֮׹ԶľҵЩʷȤʲôϵ
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ǰǽµȴ˵Լʫˡ
⵽ô£
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㲻ǣǸŮˡսȭͷȻŽ˵Ļ
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ȴûŭ⣬ͼӴ׵˵ô𣿵ҿʱͦôҳˣҵһӦ˵԰ɣ


396

˵ȻܽеԹޣ޷裬⼸仰Щ¼ֱС׼ˡ
¾Լ̫ʴˣŮˣͲ֪ǧжٻˡ
ϵ͹ҪϴһǰסµĲӣɶŮˣȻ˵Ȼ˵Ķʵ
죬˵ȥĻŲȥݺݵ˵
仰ҲֻŽ¶ѣѾڼˣﻹΣ
Ҳ仰Ϊ⣬ʼ硣
ǵ˴ĿģҲķΧ̫ȻʵʩԼļƻˣĮ ǰҲˡ
û˵Щѿ飬Ҳ侲յȭͷɫҲȸղŻ˲١
ǰʫɲײһҲ˲١
ŽµԽ
ֱֱӭĿ⣬ЦЦ
侲ҲûղǰͱˣĿЦ˵֪㻹ǷǵĪüβһ˿Ц
ἰĪһ˿񣬵ΪĪŽطԴ֮ĪĴָҧأӲĵ˵ͷǵá
һͬ㣬۾ôƯȴˣ֪֮󲻾ãĪתͷͿʼ׷ľˣľɲϲȴ֪ܣô׷ʼգ϶Ц⡣
»ͦԼģȻЦ
˵ЩҪ̼ıġ
ⷬûŭգϵıޱȣ˫ͨ죬̫Ѩ͹,һһģóߵ˼㡣
ķӦǽԤ֮еģһжķչЦЦּͼӴ׵˵û㣬Ҫôȥ׷أǲǾúðŮأ
Ͻ˭ᰡ
һñߵӣǺãǺĪһҲñ𣿽ҪҲζ
ͻȻԼЩ񶾵뷨ŵˣԼǲ̫һЩ
ҡҡͷ뷨⡣
Ʊۡ
ԴûҪô
ͻȻһ죬սȭͷһǽڡ
񶾵ŮˣΣȴ绨ѩµġƲסԼš
ҲӦﵽˣ۵׻һ˿ȡ
ű򿪣һλ·˽ǱղǸģһ˵ôˣʵ㣬Ҫǲ̸Ļ͸һǸȥ
æ˵˼٣ǲСļһЩǻעġ
мҪû˵أôȥأ
Žµ˵ͷתͷݺݵ˵ʵ㰡㡣˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
뵽ղŶʱ̬ȣǺһΪߵﶼŮԵ˭һŮ˶أڿҲ˰
ϧ̾һһƤңȴһЩ񼫵飬ƤҲˡ
ߺֿʼʵһȭһȭĴǽڣҲûúܴľǹ˼ɡ
ӣͻȻϷ·𿴵Լǰӡ
ͬһˣǳ׵׵Ĵ󻵵ⶼǾȡҪ
벻úóͷһĪͻȻʵ
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ԣԥ˵ãҪҸʲôһᾡģĪǸӣǰ
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397һһʵ

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ͷŽȻֻΪ飬Ϊ»úһ٣ŴǣĺܽѸһĨɡ
֮߳󣬽´ںһµĿ˲ĿģոڼĻĺܲûгʪζ֯һ𣬺ǺǣҲΪˣһӾȻҪֵطš
ƻһɣĪˡ
Īһֱϲ͵Ʒ𣿼Ȼˣβƾͼƣúõһѣ
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Ҷϵ绰֮ȥ˾·ϣһҷװʤѡһ·

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棬ľȫעĿŵĻָڼϷɿš
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ľңʤпʱɸ˻ˣæѽ´Ӷľ˹һ˶ϱ˶ӵӡ
ľɿһʤ˸߲ӣεüǡ
˿ľ꿴ʤô˵ӣְڴҶڳ÷ݺ˽һۣԻصȥˡ
Ƴһ۶ľķ䣬߷ʤϣЦ裬Ҹ֪ʲôȱҲ֪ʲô
ʤаѴӽӹһĺӣʤн򿪣һ貶Ŀ
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½ӹʤϡ
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ȷʵһĵƷѾĲˣϲĻʱҿԸרһ˵
ԣʤмץסµ֣ڲסϲ֮飺úúãҾڴƵ˵ְ꣬ĿƵľϣûСôãҪúöܵί
ľɱ΢ĿŽµȻᣬܺһҸ顣
仰µܿƵĺ̲ס룬ľɵ黰˵ԽԽˣƽǰƶƶˣڿʤǰͲһ


398̹

µ˶ľһۣʾʤǰ˵ĻôʤҲǳڳǰǹɬġ
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ʤпһǽϵʱӣȷʵѾˣҪԶٷ߰ɡ
ˣҰ軹ڼأ´һԷЦЦ
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399͵

ʵϽҲûסʵ뷨żڶľϡ࣡ڡ
׼½Ÿʱ򣬶ľȴסĺףġˡ
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ע⵽˶ľɷĶ⣬㶣ŻɵþöľģЩɰ

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ʷķģʽ
ԽԽϲˣÿҶúA
˵µʫʱģҵʱ˾ȣһҸôһѣҾҸŮˡ
̹֮Ҿȫɣ֮ûܣָоĺܺá

ĳĲӵʷķ
˵˵ţ˯˹ȥһҹߡ

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ԣľֻһֵõĺѣһ죬Ӷľϻ񲻵κ֮һɴİ
ĪЦЦ˵ôôʱûмƻǱ߰ѽ¸ҶһЩʲô绰֪ͨҡ
ľŲɣͷӦ

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Īᳵ·ҵ˽µİ칫ңš
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ĪĿ˽ȥ
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Īһ˵ţȴ޵ڽµİ칫ɨ
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˵꣬ȥ
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ĪѸٽƷԼİѰ칫ָԭݵ˳ȥ


400һյƻ

ۿĪѽõģͼֽˣ͵͵ģΪ²֪ʵһжڽµаš
ĪҶҪ㻹ã
ǰĪոջټϱĶرĽҲκεʣͲһֱӵ
˵˻ǽڵ¾ҪãҲһߵģʱÿηЩѾ˽µĵˣһΣΣ׵á
ĪѾͼˣǾ͵жʱˡ
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ԣľɽٷŻЦؿŽ£ϵĳԶ׼ġ
Ҫ˵ʲô鱦Ƶı˵һôˣ֮ǰӮһڻҪμ𣿡ľɻѯʣ˫Щۡ
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ƺǿ˶ľɵ˼ЦЦİɣҲû˼ҪʣעעʲôõƷ
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˵ģľɲĵ˵ͷҲǽ顣
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ҪģҲֻԼ֪
ΨһĪȥԼе뷨ж
ڼ˼һ֮󣬽Ѿ˴㡣
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ι洫ŮʱĪЩŵģʵҲǿģֻû뵽ǣͼֽ˺ü֮󣬲յµ硣
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ۿŽҪѵ绰ˣĪͻȻ뵽ʲôˣƵӦӡɣҪȻֱһ£ֻûհʲôģȻ˵ʵҲ¡
һʱ򣬽¾֪Ī̽ûͼĵ׸壿
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»һǰ޴һΣҪɹʲô취ҪĪõӦеĴۡ
ⶫеĻҲҪһĴ绰ˣ˵һڸڵĳУ鱦ƵģһͦȤģҪƷμӣϾֻǹغԺ⣬ǣ͹ʦĺֻû뵽ƷһӾͲˣҪ֪ҾӦƬҲԼǵá
˵Щź
ʵЩƺõģĪͨȥһͼֽʮֵķḻӣҪסʵһرѵ顣
ǴҲԿڱĪһ˺ݹġ
ͼֽǴӺܾÿʼģ֪еݵжôĸӣͼֽعȥĻжҪЩܹٿͼֽݵʱԤġ
ȻûĪǱߴκεǾоﶼܹµĹ滮顣Ӧһɣ
ҾȻ֪ôһ˵ʵһҴӹ֮󣬺ܶ˶رĿңһĻӮһЩ˵ΡĪ֪Ľе뷨˵˳
ԣµȻǹ貢Ұο䣬ǶĪˣͲԸ֮Ӵ˸ȥѰͼֽͰ˵ĵ绰Ҷˡ


401Ʊ

齭²ģԼ֪Ѿ˵ȥˣٰĪ˵ЩȥģĪͻᳯ·߹ȥ
Ϊһεı֮еõһΣȻҲвٵ˹ʸҪ֮
С㣬ǹ˾ǳϲƷ֪ܲܺһĺΪ˵ĻҪȥӴӴĶҿӦûСܲһ·ߵڰɣȻ˵ľŵȷһܺõ㣬ֻпĸܹ࣬˽ĸ಻𣿡ǰ˵ڿµʱϵ鶼ǳϿҵġ
Ѿǲ֪ٸϵµ֮ǰЩ¶ֱöľɾܾˣϾǶľŵʦںܶʱ䶼ҪñӲŶԡ
˽⵽˵֮ͬ˺ڿȹ̸Ҫ
ϣľɻЩɻ󣬵ǿµ̬ȼᶨӦԼ뷨ŴӦ
ǵ룬ʵ滹еģ֪ΪʲôҶЩ˲мһˣȴƫƫҪ𣿡Ц˵ڣһûмŮӣܹе鶼ʮ׵
ԣ˵ıЩȣƺû뵽»ʳ⡣
ǲɷϵһǣ棬еȷɻġ
ԭΪǹ˾˽СעҲ׶ľŵĸ˵һòģӦҪ֪İɣ
˵ıʮ棬ԿóԼ˾Ǹʲôĵλͳ㣬ж׵ġ
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ȻȦ˺ܾõˣȻױ˴е˼ҲΣȻ֪ʲôҪĶǲùȥˣֻҪܹܵķΧ֮ڣһжǿԵġ
֮ǻ̬ȣΪڿ˽СƷ֮ǹ˾Щ˶ʾǳϲŻ˵𾴣ȻΪңҲϣСڸǿЦ
˵ģĵ˵ͷҲǴӦ
ʵ˵Ϊľŵʦ˾ǲܵ飬ô˵ѿǶľŵܲأ
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²żϴŵЦݣǰĿȱССһڣ󻺻˵ȻôżɽҲĸ˵ˣ˽һ¹ڹ˾һƱҷǳϲҪΪί֪ûʸ񡣡
˵
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ٿ˾ȵıʱҲЩɻԼһֱһǫ״̬ǳΪϯʦʵûʲôһĵطֻǾվøߣԶܹ˽⵽࣬ǰû˽Ķ
ȻҲͲ˵ϯʦһôĴڡ
С㣬ǱίĻǵȻòˣڽСļƷǶ͹ò˵ЩƷǳʼǹ˾Ҳɹһεı֮оѾˣȷǷǳĴڡ
ΪҪ˷һ㹦򣬵û뵽ǣЩ˾Ȼĸˡ
춼ڰҪźһһȥأ
ĪһӲˡ
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Сĵ˶ľɵİ칫ңոսžײ˵Ŀ⡣
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һѵѡҪץסᣬ취α֮ǰ˺ԼĪ
Ȼػһȫǰˡ


402¸Լ

ڽСҪ̽ľʱû뵽˿ںЦģ뷨һ֧㡣
̵ܶһ仰Ѿ˶ľһУ仰֮󣬽Ȼ֪˵ʲôȴرů
ЦŴӦ֮Ҳûصػȥ칫ҷڶľɵİ칫Һ˵
ҲǵʱŷƺѾܾûжദˡ
ϾҪ°ˣпʲô㣿ЦĿŶľɣѾĴˡ
ûжľɳֵĻػһΨһŵĹҲֻбˣڶľɳ֮һж췭ظı仯
Ҳǵŷ֣һΣ˱֮⣬кֵܶػĶ
ԣľ΢΢üͷЩɻĿŽ£˫۾ͲµˣŮʲôĴ㡣
ôˣѲʲôĴ㣿ԵĻҵԸӦġľ˵˫ʮֺÿ
⼸һֱæ飬ǲҲԼˣЦ˵˵۾ʮá
֮˾ͳȥˣֻʼûԼһӣҲ֪ȥźá
Ŵ⴩ĳз羰ڵʮָӣۿľһôˣһֱиܣҪ˵ֲ֪˵õķ
ҪҴȥһطɡ˵
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µľǿ϶ġ
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طȥɡ
֮󣬶ľؿųԱԭϲ˵ĽҲȻ֪׷ʲôǶľдҲµһЩ
һ֮ǵ˵طһƫƧСӣǶľɴδĵطܵ·ȻУͬ裬ĹҲһ㶼
ʲôطľɿΧĻ΢΢üͷطûһӡӦǵһιġ
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ҽҵҪ㿴סĵط˳֮ľɲС
滹˺ܶĻ䣬жٲһˣ
һζľɿȣϾΪľĻСڶľҳģôܻĵط
ȣҲȣĽ飬˵Ҿʫ
ʫѾô˵һ֮󣬶ľ΢΢üͷû˵һ֣ý²ҪЦĻ
һ㣬Щ⣬Ͼ˵ʱܹ뵽ľϢʱı飿
㲻þ𣿲ڸ㿪Ц𣿡ؿŶľɣҲΪķӦ̫ʵŻɻ
ֻû뵽˵ЩľҲֻϴĿ⣬ҡҡͷ
ǸŮ֮䲢ϤǴ֮ǰзӦҶܹһЩߣʵʱ򲢲֪鵽ôһ£׹ˡ
ľɵͳʱһĸоǲ֪ΪʲôһνʱȻñһᣬҪˡ
ڳȫһ˶ľڵ֪һ֮󣬻Ὣһ
ֵܶĿܣΨһûľֿܡ
벻ѾĲ²⣬Ҳԭͺܴô벻أ˵εЦЦЩ㲵ϣԽ
ǼˣҲδҪ뿪㡣
ڶľ˵仰ʱ򣬽ͻȻȵ̧ͷһΪľܹ̽һ㡣
ȻΪʲôܹ֪ʲô


403ʵ

¾ȵ죬ֻһʱ˵һ仰
ľɻ֣С˽ȥ
ҵǺĹ£ȻѾˣǾ͸ҽɡ
ԣͷĽͻȻ̧ͷŷڶľɵĿʮᣬһģûκεĸı䡣
ⲻڸһᶨĿѾһôãôһ㶼²ⲻ˶Է˼أ
ҲΪˣڿĿʱ¾е˼
СӣҺ顭
ȻǰҲѾȥܾˣǲǹȥã龰Ŀġ
֮󣬽渵һǰĹ£ֻ˵Ī֮ʱ̲ס˳
ζζԴģݺģ
Ѿ뿪ʱ򣬻ǵƷ֮ڣΪϯʦ
ҲĪЩֵ飬Żʹޡ
Щʹ޶ǽ˹ģûа취׵ĸı䡣
ʱ򣬽ͻȻӵһůĻУһӣտյ˲䱻һ㣬ĸж޷ݵġ
΢΢̧ͷö˶ľĿ⣬ҲǰʲôԺ󻹻ȥʲôֻںͺˡ
ǰ㾭ЩίҾԲ㾭һ飬ߣһӵõġԽᣬ˵ÿһ仰ܹñţܹİȫС
ţڶľɻп޸ͣҪֹͣȴΪֹס
δһܹһľˣֻģᣬϸġ
һ˶˱ӣ֪Ǿ˶ٸıġ
ΪľɶԴԼÿһ̬ȣȥȥŶľɶϲ㹻ʵġ
֪𣿾㽲Щʱ溦¼ˣǸ֮뿪ҡ˵ʱЩʡ
ڲһʱ򣬲ҽԼе˵ȥǺµõĳһ˵ʱ򣬲ҽԼ˵ȥǺ˵ȥ֮ӵһ˻˲뿪
Ѿ̵ᵽһָо
ܵľıԼķʽο治֪ΪʲôȻķʽĪЩɰ
ά״̬֪ȥ˶ãһ֮µ΢΢Ļ˹һӶľɵĻ֮г
ԭҪԼģֻû뵽ȻЩˡ
ԣľЦҡҡͷҸϣܽĸҡ
ΪʲôҸо֪˺ֻܶ࣬һֱûиңľ˵Щղź˵Լܵʱ򣬶ľϼȻı飬һжڸ߽£ںܾ֮ǰоĲ롣
Ĳʵ֮ǰоʹĲ룬ҵЩȷǿ϶ҵ뷨˵ţ཭µԴ
֮ڽ͵ʱͻȻ§ļ򣬳С˽ȥҪ˵ĻľΪõĶľľ߰ɣҺһĶ
仰ʱ֪ΪʲôԭֹסĽͻȻôֹס
ûһˣľ˵һȫܲ߼ʱҲٷְٵ
ȻľɽˣҲûʲôýġ֮ĴŶľɿһЩĵط˺ܶ飬д󲿷ֶѡûڵľ
·ǳҵһ飬ںһʱ򣬲ûнԼеĶȥ
ۿʱѾȥˣΪдõ˵ˣûһƣѹ
ֻĶӲô룬ڻҪ˵ȥʱ򣬶ȴû˼ģؽ
һӣľɵĿⶼĶ档
ǲǶӶˣӶˣǾȹ䵽ɣҴȥԷľζЦЦҪýԵòôβźá
ľ˵ĽԵЩΣӽеĿ治ʱ򣬲еѹҲȫȻˣҲ˲١
ðҲȥЩˣҪȥ·̯ɣ˵ʱ̽Եؿһ۶ľɣ¶ľϰ˲һԻܲ˳·̯Ҫ
ϴԹһΣֻҲΪϲŻˡ
ܿĵǣľɻЦŴӦûһԥ


404ô

֮¾ͱͻ˼ң֮ûзӦ龹Ȼôһ״
ľɣԸԴңҲһӡ˵ĳԽԽԶµøӱ˺֮һֱԸŸ顣
ǽ쾭Щ֮󣬲֪ΪȻֶԸ鱧ϣ
֮һֱˣתصԼļ
һΣҲǸҪһѣƺѾкܾãûٽԼǰЩˣЩУصĺҲĵԶıš
һζҪĪҲǸǰԼеľһľš
ڶһ磬ûȽյǰǸ˴ĵ绰еʮּ̣˵ľĪȻýµͼֽμ˱
õģǳллϢЦ˵
˵ܹöľɽԼݾѾһˣϾ˵رҪѾѹϺܾˡ
ѲôãǺ³˫
߸˵ĹҶ˵绰֮󣬽Ҳһͨ绰壬ֻҪܹȷĪϮ͵ƷĻμϵıʱĳͷҪģڽ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
֮֮飬ǱĪܵӦеĳͷȻֻԽԽģ֪˭أ
ʼҲ벻ʱЩѶϣھô飬ණѾ͸ˡ
֮󣬽²ȥ˶ľţرã˾ͬ¶˼к
ô˿ҲͦĵģԱߵͬ¸ۣѾˡ
ڻӦöֵʱΪռ֤ݣֻĪǷƷμӱܹһȽʲôġ
ҲֻеǸʱڶעʱ򣬲ʱ
ǰֵַڶľ湤ټϴӦǹ˾һƷҲӦÿʼˣʱرķæûʱȥ
ȥˣȻΪίǽҲֻʱ֣Ȼ˸ϢĪͼǵȷ֮Ϊģϸ²ҸӣлвٵĴ£ֻҪһۿȥܷǴƷ֮вͬġ
ҪþѾ˾±˽ӵֳ
ȻҪʼˣȸ˵Ĺذɣڽܹ5ˣȻǽ5ѡһ÷ߵΪھ˵Խµʱÿε̬ȶر棬Ҳǽرοһ㣬ȻǷǳҪᣬһٴĪҲᣬѡ
İɣҵȻҪ棬ΪĪѡʶģҪñΪϤͻ߷֣˵ҲһõѡҪȻʱֻǵҲܵ𺦡˵Ҫ֪Ѿõһ˵ǣͲ˾ܾһ˵ǡ
ȻǸ˼һ֮󣬸ϽͷӦ
ҲãҪȻҺ͹˾취ֲܹ¶棬Ҳʡȥ˺ܶ鷳أ
ЩһĶӦ
֮ѾʼˣֻΨίһ˴һСܹ˿档
ۿǰļѾͼֽٴı󿴵Ļÿ˶ԼƷ˽⡣
ۿǰĸѾȥˣһ˾Īˡ
λίãλٿһ¹ҵƷΪǰ涼λʦģظλίر˽ҵͼֽһƫŷ鱦ƣ֮Իơ
֮ĪϸĽ˹ڽͼֽݣСĽ¶û뵽ȻоĻ͸
ΪⳡҲǻ˲ٵ˼ӱϾܹ
Щ»ǲȤָһһµû棬˿ʮֵ
ò˵λƷƵķǳϸϸ²ʮֵд⣬Ǵûмġ
ڽ¸֮ʹίۡ
඼˵ĪһͼֽܺãʵҲǽпԤϵģƷҲſһۣȷЩġ
ۿǶѾ˵ˣֵ˽£Ŀһ֮ԱߵĻͲ˵
λƶܲϲĻǵ飬ԵĻλСϸиĹ˼ӦûвһӰ졣
ʱһֱվŵĪ֪ΪʲôüͷһֻǾЩԾֲ֪


405µ÷

α֮УĪӮõ˳˳ˮģеʲôԭ˭
˵֮һһĳίǾһֻǶСίлЩĪɻ
ۿŵѾˣҪڵȴԱļƱܹߵĵ÷֣ҲһĹھ˭
ÿ˵жܽţʵǶ֪ھѡضĪģƷʵ̫ˡ
ȻûһЦ̨ڿ5ԱʱĿĪϡ
ҲһۣĪˣһεı÷ߵһ
һεıǳģһΪµͼֽǳĲѰƽƷͬǱ¸ˣΣھμⳡʱᷢ飬ͽ֮ĹϵҲֻҪһսĶ⡣
ΪĽµͼֽһɹ֮ǰͨˣҲǸո̨ǸŮˡ
һۣѾеĽ
λǵȴѾȴ˺ܾˣЩί֣ǹԱƽ֮ǵõյĽЦţԽھԽҪ֪еĽΣ
˵ɣѾȲˣ
ĪĪ
СĽܹЩ˴ΪͼֽԭĪ룬в˶ϣܹ񽱣Ҳпԭ
ʱ򣬱ֳ֮⣬ͻȻ˽Ų˵ĿⶼǱ߿ȥʱĪ侪ȡ
磿ôˣѡվŵλԭſڱȽϽһ¾ܹ˭ĪʶģҲĪӷɡ
ĪӷɻĪôû뵽飬ȻǳڴԼĸܿԼһı֣һԭǵʦ»صԼλãǲ֪ΪʲôڿĪӷɵʱ澹ȻĪĿʼ
ԣĪӷϴЦݣ˵ĳȻ˲ٹڵעȻȲ϶ľɣĪӷҵȦӰҲǲͬġ
ģӢȴľ䣬Ե쳣ůεɭ
ۣǾǴ˵еĪӷɰɣû뵽ȻôӢ
ǰǰֻôͻȻˣǰһҲûпѽѲҪĵ˲ţϾ˾ģǽǲǲ̫ð
̫ˣҪ֪ѡֹ滮أԼãһ±Ӧûʲôɣ
һֱĪӷɣĪǰԱЩ˵۶ûͣ
˵㣬ôӦòŰɣ
Īӷ˵ǰΪĪ˵ıֺǰ̫࣬ĪӷɲŲãĪԽĹˣȻҲġ
֮Īӷɾͱ˰ŵţһСĽ¶ԭҪͨķʽ¶ȥǼȻĪӷˣǲԼõǸˣ
벻ĪϼŵܲҲˣԼαҲǳӰЦ˵ˣȻͻȻ
ȻλڵеĴ𰸣ҲͲλˣ÷ߵλǵĪС㣡ͻȻҲڱһµķʱ˶üһʼƣҲףĪ˵һĳɾ͡
Ȼ˵Ѿ֪˻֣ǣ֮滹ǿƲסļ
˵ĿĪӷֵ֧Ŀ⣬Į̄ȥЦʮֲúÿ
ǳллλί֣һжŬ˺ܾõĽȻÿһʦǷǳֵ𾴵ģǵƷԼŬģԶ˵һεĳɹȫǽңÿһ˶սʤҡ˵Ц˵˿ʮǫ飬״̬Īӷзǳ⡣
Ҫǳллҵĸ磬ǵʱһֱ֧ҡ˵ʱĪĿĪӷɵϣ˶һۣ˴֮䲻ǴǰԣΪ֮ĹĺͰ
˵֮ܶҵĹ
ǳϲĪСһαϻ߷֣ҲΪǱĹھԱЦ˵ģкС佱
һֱڣﶼûκεĶڵȣһ𸴡


406͵ҵƷ

ۿСѾȥĪĽһƺѾʱͻȻʼǸСͻȻŮ˵ţ
ͻȻԱߵЩ˶ԵЩȣΪոǸطһλί
ǷʲôˣѲɻ𣿡
ί̫ˣҪ˵ʲôɣ
Ī϶Ͳ֪Ƿʲô֮ǰСǸί˸еϤ
ʱС˻˳ǸŮ˵ˣһ۾ɵôģжȵĲС
£ô
Ȼôһ£Ī֪ܲϾùһͼֽǽµģȻ˵Ѿ˸ŵĴ㣬ۿڱֳϣ˵вȫܵ顣
ôڹϯĪӷҲȵվĿŽ£ǲò˵лǾ޵ġ
Ҫ֪Ѿûмˡ
ڽ½ǵĿⲢûзĪӷɵϣֱſ̨ϵĪĿԵʱѾ˱˴˵˼
֮ԻΪ˾ΪίȻҺĪѡ֮ϤģԲѡķ
ڽΪһ˵һ̨߳˹ȥͻȻ˭û׵ôһ¡
С㣬ʲôҪ˵𣿡̨ԵЩ֣̿ڽµ֤˶׵ģΪһʦҲǡ
ԡ侲Ļش
лʮּģܹĪõӦеıӦˣĽ಻ܹ״ңҪһһ
ʲôĻǿԻȥ˵Һòױýˣ㻹ǲҪҵĺðɣ̽Եһ䣬Ȼ˵ϲûʲôµĵطʱͻȻ£ǻЩӰ죬
˵ˣϣ˵Ŀ㶼ĪϣͻȻֵĽ¡
ԣĲһ´ʼնûʲô顣
Ȼҹˣѡʱ֣Ӧʲô˼ؿֵ̿Ī̫ˣҪȻʱҲ״̬
ʱĪӷҲף鲢ûô򵥣ӹϯ̨档
ǲǷʲôˣ㲻̫ĵӣĪӷЩĵĿŽ£Ȼ˵ڽºͶľһˣǶŮһֱϲġ
ҲףϵĸֻܹԼĽ
ԣ¿һۣһǺûģԶһֱû˺Լ֮ǰ˵ʱ򣬲άԼãάĪӷɣлǱġ
ӷɸ磬ûйϵ½ĿĪϡ
Ŀ⸴ӣ֪ӦǶԤˡ
Ŀ˸λڵϣ֮ҪǣĪμӱͼֽͲģҵơ
Ƕ̶̵һ仰ȴԱߵЩ˶֣˭Ҳû뵽ʱᷢ顣
ôأ벻ǸƾȻǽƳģ
ҿҲǲܰɣԼǰĪͳϮǰһϯʦƷ˵ˣԼǸͼֽģ
ҿҲǣ˵ʲôأ
ĪԱЩڵۣȻʹϾҪԱĻЩ鶼֮еա
һжΪµԵʣÿƷˣʲô֤أ뵽һ㣬ĪԽе
£˵ģʲô֤أǵģǰȷܶ˺飬ⲻڻҲܶǸˣ𣿡ĪЩѹĿԱߵĪӷϣǸ˱Ͼĸ磬װװôãôҲҪеЧ˰ɡ
磬Ҫңû顣Щգգ۾֮ᶼˡ
˵ģĪӷڵıҲЩ֣߶Ҫţߵѡ˵ǲһġ
⵽ôһ£
֤ݣʱԱߵĽͻȻЦû֤ݵĻôܳͼֽѾ˺ܾˡ
ʼһû뵽ֱղſʱŷЩ֡˵ովһ̾Ѿˣ˭ɣֻ̹ȻĽܡ


407¶

ڽ˵һ֮Ī˵ıԽѿ
ǿʲôʱ򶼲Լ֤ݽĪвһЩǿԼƷһʱǸû֤ݰˡ
ҸղҲ˵ˣҸû飬ǰ˺㣬ⲻ֤ڻ顱
ǲô㼵ңŻ
ĪӷɣҲԼÿĿУǰһֱŽ£ԼõĪӷɣͻȻЩΪĪӷɵΪǳĹɣ˵顣
ǲѽڼﻹرɵģۿơĪӷüͷӦŮ֮ʲôᣬϾ˵ŮӶʮֵĹɣ˵顣
ĪӷΪԼ绤ĪҲǳϿҵģ˵ͷûʲôԾĵط
ֻһڽоͳ˲һˣĪЩ飬ȻԼȡͬ顣
û֤ݵĻôܳ
̶̵һ仰Īɴ۾û뵽¾ȻǴ֤ġ
ôأ㿪ʼ˵˵ţͻȻ뵽ʲôϽͣԼĿб¶ʲôһпɶˡ
ĪȦԭͲãҪλ¸ıԼ裬ֻζû뵽ؼʱ¾Ȼˡ
ܲܣô֪ôĶ֤ݣڿʼ绰ʱˡ
ĪǸӣԱߵĹһж˴ŵ뷨Īӷɣﶼֳܹ΢ľȡ
ʱҵͼֽԲϣκһ֤ݣ֤ݵĻǸһóʹãֻķû뵽õ˾Ȼ㡣˵ʱ򣬽»ԵЩѹ
Ȼд󲿷ֵǼװģΪľ
ڸոտͼֽҵĺʱҶģԲôãֱĿ֮׹
ܣ
ĪҲ˲ٲĻģδģҪˡ
Ҫ֪Ȧ͵˱˵ƷйϵĻһҪȥŵġ
ⶼԼƳģһϵûУ㲻Ҫҡ
𣿵ǲݣ治Ҫ˵û֤ݵĻȥͼֽһңͼֽбضҵ֡
ǽ´ĵطΪµĪ͵ԼͼֽԼƵͼֽдֻ֣Сϸ۲Ļȫġ
ǿһ֣ϸȥ룬λ뵽һأ
ԱΧ۵ЩˣȻ׵׷ʲô飬˵֮󣬻йԱĪͼֽ˸λίǰһеίĿⶼͼֽϣʼԱߵķŴϸĹ۲졣
һԭֵĳͻȻðĪıڵĲٺˡ
ǷάĪӷɣڵı˵
磬һҪҰҸû飡ĪżˣЩ۾ĲΣϾһֻҪ۲һ£ܹеûС
ǿ˽۾ĵϾͼֽܹĵ˵ֻһоһȦס
⽭ҪݺңҸû飡
ڵĪӷûһı飬Ͽһ˾ܲѽôܿе⡣
µᶨĿ⣬ĪҵɫĪӷɾѾˣֻǽ˵ζû뵽ԼǸޱȵãȻ顣
ñ˵ƷμӱܹĵĳԼûΪһѾĹµܹģ
鵽ôģί˵Ҿ֪ˣ˵ĻҪ͵ȥˡ
ҲңĪģĪӷɡ
·⼸װ飬֮Ѿ˷ѵˡ
㣬飬֤Ҳˣ˭㣿ʱ򣬽Ա˵һ䣬䵭Ī˼ȻЩ飬ͱҪܵͷģܵͷѾһʮˡ


408ô

һĪҲ֪ԼزסˣոҪ˵ʲôʱԱߵίͼվ
ҵҵˣȻн֣벻ԼĴ£û뵽ίʮ־Ƚ顣
ԱߵһίҲرļ˵ͷ˵һʼһϯʦôڿƣһССϸڣҲ÷ǳϸҲѹֻõϯʦƺš
һԭжӦýĪͣȫ˽µϿ֪ĪжôʹޣȻһ仰˵
ί˵⼸仰Ҳ֤ƷȷǽµģΪλĪıƷϣһ͵˽µƷ
Ī㻹ʲô˵ģȻ͵ҵƷǾ͸ҵ
һֱΪùˣֻû뵽һжǰαװģԼʦôܲ͵ԱƷǸʲôأ
ҵģ벻ǸνĹھȻű˵ƷģҵƷ͵ˣҿ϶Ҫɣ
Ǹϯƽ»ѽҪҿ϶ôϸѧϰ
һԱߵﶼĪĶнµĻԼģЩڵģ˵ûôҪ
ΪԼܹⳡԼĪҲû뵽»ʱͻȻ֣飬ĪҲɵӣȻ׹ˣһֻõġ
벻벻벻ǧ˽µϡ
£ȥԱߵ˶ڸпĪȻʱһԲĪͻȻԱߵˮŽ˹ȥڵӣƺҪûйԼ
û뵽ʱ飬ĪӷɶûзӦ¿Ǹǰˮʱ۾ĵѲھҪ군ˣ
ˣĪ˶õӦеĳͷֻǲ֪Ϊʲôôѹأ۾ʱ뵽Լİ裬жľɡ
ôһˣȻһˣ
ɾڼ֮ûиܵͻȻϮʹС۾֮󣬲ŷǰͻȻֵӰǰ
ĪҹǸˮھȵķ˵ϡ
Ī֪ڸʲô𣿡ľüͷһ˫Ŀ䣬žȻЩˡ
ȻһͽĪŵˣԭأȻ֪ǺãôҲû뵽ֽҪͷľɾȻͻȻ֡
ϾͻǽҲû뵽
ԱߵĹһ˭Ҳû뵽ڿĪϼŵ֮ܲ󣬻ܹľŵĶ̬Ҫ֪ľſй˾֮ϵģ֪Ǹܲõ׻˶˵͡
벻ܲöᰡǹ˾ƵĻҹҪˣ
ܹ޸ǣǵȻˣ
ҿ㰡ǱˣľŵĶľɹûлˣѵû˵ǺͽһˣĪϵǸܲ˵ЩӴ
´Ůʦע˵ϣ̨ϵĸˣȴи˼ӵĺܡ
ԼĪӷɣһƣΪѾıˣû뵽ôûһı䶼ûС
ΪǱ˵ģû뵽ǰڹ㻹ʲôûѧᣬҿǰЩӶװİɣĪӷüͷǲô˵Īã϶һҪȫԼãҪȻȰ˸ûеĽ
⣬Щεߵ˽ºͶľ˵ǰľɣҲԣû뵽õڻӣԸԭµĻһؼңúõĿţԲٳӰǵ
̬ȳϿңµʱĿⶼСģЩġ
ϾڽŮ˵εġ
ʱ֮ڣԼѾ˺ܶˣ͵ϮƷ֪׵ԭһˡ
뵽ǰҲйԭµʱ˵ˣ֮ĹϵʮֲģĪʲôĻֻĪϼںҲòҵࡣ
ǻ˵ĪĿҲ˽µϣȻЩ飬Ҳ»õ
˫ĵġ
ǰҾһʱͿ㻭̫ˣŻİ취ҺôϵҲİɣԺһ顣ĪµС۾ϿǻˣǽףûУոջҪԼ


409ҪϷͥ

ۿĪӷɺĪ˵΢΢㶣εЦЦ
ѾǶľҵˣԲҹϵõ˵˵ˣĪԲһ׮һ˺Һܶˣǰһԭ²ڼȻѾΣҾ;ԭҧ֣Ŀᶨһ̬ȷǳļ׵ĸı䡣
˵ģĪӷ˵һ仰ΪʲôһβӦˣҲ֪һжΪĪԭһδεҪԭ£ɡ
ĪȴһˣԭѾģý±ضԭԼû뵽ǣһȻܾˡ
ԣҵȷ͵ĶҲһʱͿɵģͲԭһ𣿡
ܡĪŸո˵꣬±˻ش
Ŀ϶Ѿ˵һУûκĻᡣ
Ϊʲôܣ벻ˡ
Щ˵ԱһֱüͷĶľɣͻȻ
ΪʲôҪԭ㣿˵ÿһ˵رƣ˲òȷľ˵
Ҳۿ˶ľɱʱ̬ȣԱЩ׹Ϊʲôܹ³ɹľŴ϶塣
֮ûĪӷ˵һ仰ľɱ㽫ĿԱߵԬϡ
Ԭϵʦ
˵ķýµͷһůľɷ֪ļƻȴڽҪͷͻȻϹ֧˭϶жɡ
ôͻȻˣԭ䵭ޱĽ£ڿľɵʱͱ˶Դ˴˶һķ
˵ĶľɵҲͬ཭µԴĳᣬԱЩڶгûһľӣ˽֮⡣
ԱߵĪӷɺĪҲͬĸоǾȵصɴ۾ͶľɴС󶼻һˣҲû뵽ԴԼϲҲӡ
㵽ʲôΪʲôöľϲ㣿ĪֻζڸµǶľԬȥʦ飬е˼ҪϷͥ
ľɶ˲ûҪ˼ֻܽĿԱߵĪӷϣζҪҵһȵˣĪӷΪĸ磬һʱ
磬ҺòãѾ֪ˣԺԲˣһҪҰȻô찡
ǸӣҪ˵ܹǲܵ顣
ֻܽĿ˶ľɵϣľǰ趼ʶģֺαذŪôأ
ȥ裬᲻ӦҪҿ飬һǼȻôΣ裬ҵĹϵڣҲܾȥľɵͳرûĪӷɼץסµֱת˳ȥ
˵Щ˸Ͳں
һ·Ŷľ˳֮лɻΪʲôľɻ֪飿
ǲ֪һˣԱߵĶľɣѯʡ
֪Ϊʲô뵽֪Լʱ򣬽µĪľЩ
ϣľ֪Լһ飬Ϊ̫ںڰˡ
ڵͺһŮһ뾡취ȥݺĪ鲻Ļһ൱ڰ׻ˣҪΪǰԼѩޣȻһλᣬ֧ġ
ΣҪĪõӦеĴۡ
ԣľЩЦתͷСĽ£ǵӵӣѾһС
ǰ֪ˡ
ϣջԼĿ⣬˳֮󣬷ԾƵĿ˳ȥһҲûԥ
ǲŽ£ҲҲܹܵµС̽
Ȼڶľ˵һ֮󣬽½ѯ˵2⣬᲻ΪԭѽҾһһ㡣
ôһԼɣ۸ôΣһʱá
ľͻȻһýͣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôãͻȻñһ͸оͶסˡ
뵽鷢֮һкܶ˶ֲ֧Ϊζû뵽ľɾȻһ仰ʣȫ
Ȼ˵֮ǰľɽԼ飬ǹĪģĺ٣ûΪϣԼǰڶľɿĲѹġ
Ǹܵ˽µ仯ľɴӳ˼ֽݸ˽£ΪʲôҪأȻ뿴ģһ֧ġ


410

ԭûôã㲻ĻֻһһεĻݺ㡣ľСİο˵º
һԭˣӣ֪Щʲô
ܵľɵĹĺͰµҲ𽥱ȶ
İɣͥһһõġӷŶľɵ֮УһС
֧֮ʲô飬֧֡
֮»һҪǾǺĪڷ̣ͥĪҲɵӣȻ߶ֿˣĪΪĪӷɵãᱣԼò
²ҪΪϣĻһܹƽ塣
һ̣ζҪӮ
֮°ĪϷͥ飬֮ͱ֪ˣԼĸĸȻ֧ģʤ֮󣬽û뵽Ҳܹõ֧֡
⼸׼ͥ飬ȥ˼ϵ֮һܹɹġ
ո°֪࣬ΪζľɵĹͻȻæڼ仹ⰲԬͥ⣬ҵʦҲطʦʲôľɶ䱸õġ
ڵ֪Щʱ򣬽лرжģҪ黹׼ֵǰϷͥ
ոմӹ˾û뵽ܹ濴ʧǵĪڿµʱǰһҴææľͳ˹һץס˽µ֣֮ǰҸǸ黹ϣ㲻Ҫټƽˣ
Ҹ˵ʵɣҾϲľɣһ治ԲŻЩ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
ģǽ¿ûһĿΪΪ֮ǰһЩĪڵϢ
˵鷢֮ĪӷΪ֪Խ绰ǵĸĸ֪淢飬˵λҹӹ˻ΪĪ顣
ҲΪʲôĪҹԭ
ĪΪʲôҪŹ㣬֮ǰЩΪҲ֪Ӽ˻ҧ˵ģѲΪҾͻһֱ𣿽ΪλߵһԼԭ򡣡ʼһˣֻ̫Ĺ˼ɣѸٺ͹ϡ
˦Ī֣۾Ҫ˳ȥֻϧĪȻˣͲ׵뿪
߰ģĪɫ˱䣬˱ࡣ
ҧҧŽ׷˹ȥֱץס󣬡òҪƣԳԷƣɴСҪĻҲ
Ī˵Ľµ飬΢΢㶣ǿһĿ־塣
΢΢תͷϴŵЦݣĪôЩζС
֪˵ʲô𣿡
˵ЩСƢһ㣬û˻ں
ѵҪ뿪ֻĪõʮִ󣬾ǽŪҲûаѵĿܡ
״üͷ΢΢ƺЩͷ
ĪҺ㣬÷ſҵ֣ҪȻɱ֮ǰĻҪءû˵ѲĪΪǺ۸
㲻ǽǰݣҲһܹŮˣΪʲôΪ̫޼ɵ֡
ӦңҸ˵ĪҺͶľҵĹϵǴڱʼģѲΪΪŮܽһж֮ǰľ˵ҲˡĪ°ͣԵЩǽΪʲôһĪ뵽ʱЩ
ΪԼİҪȨֺͶľҵĹϵΪһССŮӶѣԲŻߴǸ
ඪ˰
ôΪô
ûȽ»ش㴫˵ͳȴôĺҲһ˲䣬ͻȻİȫУʮֵ
̧ۿȥöĿ⡣
ôô°ˣѾǰɧԼĪֻжľˡ
Īɫǲ֪αղ˵ЩҲΪŻŻ°ˣδ뵽Ȼʱ򱻲𴩡
Ȼ֪Բȥ
Ҳʱ򣬽¸ϽԼ֡
ǰôҲܣһε飬ΪҵĹϵõκεľĿĪ
裬Ƕľһ̬ȣỤŶľҵĶϱ
ľ˵꣬Ž³˹ȥ


411ʤе̬

һֱ棬¶ûдӸղŶľ˵Ǿ仰ֱ䷴ӦľҵĶϱ֪ΪʲôݣﾹȻһŭ쳣Ŀġ
ǳ֮⻹ǱⲻЩӦ
ôˣܵ˵ַӦľ΢΢Ž¡
ôô°ˣ˵кܶҪæ𣿡Щɻıߣص˷ŵ飬ʮůҲ쳣ġ
ڳ飬Ҫȥú˵˵ϾĪľҵĹϵҲйءľ˵ʱ뵽ʲôͻȻץ˽µ󣬹ȻͮͮĿĪģЩۡ
ԭÿͻȻüͷ˶
Ȼʱҵ㡣ͳ΢Щɳơ
״±˼װνЦЦջԼ֡
ѽҲʲô£ʱΪҲпԭġ
Ц˵۾ģʮֺÿ
ղΪĪƵ飬ҲΪڼ˶ľ֮ȫʧˡ
˳֮󣬶ľϸĵĸ˰ȫһж׼֮ſ˳ӡ
ģһ֧ģ϶ľҲȫ֧㡣
̵һ仰ͽеĲǶˡϾͶľʵûйϵ˵ǰΪľĻпܵģѾȥôˣ֮ǰҲѾͶľҶϾ˹ϵ
šĴӦһתͷ濴˹ȥ
һ·泵ˮģԭʮֺÿȻ˵춼ˣǳе⽫ܵһƬеķǳá
֮ͣڵ黹ĪЩš
ľƺǷ³֮Ƶԣǣ֡
㲻ӦýŵģҪ֪˶㱳֧㡣
˵ȻܿģǱϾǵһϷͥǽ㹻֤ݣǵʱ򲻽ţǲܵ顣
ǵͷӦŶľһͬȥˣľϤļͥ
Ҫ˵ƺѾܾûйˡ
ʶȥ֮󣬽µ黹Щ㱣һΪԼҪ˵ˡ
ֻû뵽ǣոսȥͿʤ˷ܵĿ⣬һĺƣʲôʱԴ¶̬ͬȡ
ˣҶڼҵܾˣ㵽æʲôҲ衣һ£ʤоԵ쳣ĸˣ˵𻰶Щ״
ɳ첽˽µߣ´һ֮ĵ˵ͷӦûݣ֤ڹ˾ûŰ㣬ǲ֪ЩԱѹեʲôˣ
ʤйԹĿ˶ľһۣЩڽµΪ˰οİˡ
뵽⣬лĪЩΡ
ӱԩ֮뿪˶ľңҲΣÿһʤжԴ̬ȶʮֵĲºͣҪ֪ΪһԼʮŮΪһԩ뿪Լļңں̬Ҳʮ־
ܹ̬º͵Ѿʮֲˡ
Խ뵽ЩоԽΡ
Цŵ˵ͷҲܾûˣʱ廹𣿡Цѯʣ˷ǳĺ
й鶼ҪˣȻҲ泩˺ܶ࣬²ԽҪΧ˶ܹܵԼůҲϣΧ˶ܺúദôĥѡ
⼸仰˵͸˱˴˵˼ɩûϵЦݸæк˽
֮ʤкͽ˵˲ٵĻǹԱߵĶľһԡ
Ҳֵڣ˵һԲ
ۿһֱ˵ͲԱߵĶľɷйĵԣؿˣ㲻˵Ҫһ·ͥ𣿡
ԶԶԣľ˵ģǸոշӦⲻǺþûˣ̫𣿡
˳˵£Ǽ飬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬飬ôǶ֧㣬Ͼ̫ˣ費飬ŮӦԼ𡣡
˵ʱʤлԵЩʼԭôΣǿ˵棬һ²ǶľҵˣǵĻʤҲٹ˼ҵһ㡣
ϾǴĵߣĪһһεĴŭҲ鵽һԭ
Ȼ˵֪ʤлὲЩʱ滹ǾĪĸжشӦ


412ĪҸĸ

֮ʤر࣬ڷͥЩ飬Ҳǵʱ򣬽²ŷʤвǴڼģʱҲһرоŮˡ
ò뿪֮󣬱ľͻ˼ңԭΪܹϢˣֻû뵽ǲŸոյſڣ洫˵
Ҳ֪ģʵŮʼĹϵҲǲģǳ棬չһֱǶΪرãû뵽ʱ顣
ҿʼҲΪϵͦõģҲû뵽顣
ǰǰʱرȣǸͼֽϾģǵģǾҪ˵ЩʲôҲҪ˵
洫Ķµͷһů
ڽ󺣺˵Ըദˣ׵ģ˵ˣЩ˵¾ѾµˣĪĪӷɵİˡ
ʵһҲŲµˣȻ˻Ǿһ뷽跨İԼŮһ鷳
ſڴһ£ˣֻԼİ費Ը˽ԴӦǵҪԲŻڳǡ
ۿȥ˵ĸĸҪˣ²ţ溰һ䣬裬һˣǸţ
࣬Ȼ˵仰֮ǣȻֹͣ˷˵Ļ⡣
ԭηǳĽ󺣣Щ˼ĳǵ˵ͷſ˹ȥ
ˣ
ԭģĪҸĸʱȷǲ֪ӦԣԼŮˣȻҲý˲١
ոյſڿţĽ¾ͿӵĿ⡣
衣ЦŽһ䣬˸˵ĸоƺǸͲ֪淢
ɾʱ￴һۣͬһ棬С˵ǲ֪ĪҸĸˣⲻǣڶûأ
˵ʲôҪȰȰ㣬ŹĪģҸֶûдӦ˵˵ǰô˵˵ҪǲԸ⣬ǾҧɿڣǼǸŮͲʲôöǱͲӦԭ£˵˵ԸάԼŮ
˵ˣڷЩ죬¾͸Լ͹ˣֻЩɣҪ˵鷳ǹǰݵ飬ֻδᡣ
ϾʫѾȥˣ鲻˵ĻþͲҪ˵Ȼ淢飬ûʲôõӰ죬
뷨ѡȻѾˣǰĶԹԹҲѾȫˣǰ鲻ʲô塣
СĽԼģµлĪĸжЦЦͷӦ
İɣôңҼȻҪϷͥûڣ
Щʲô˵ȫ˼ʲôܣ˵Щˡ
˵֮ļ򣬱ʾģЬӣ˽ȥ
ոսȥ۵ľʶģһһŮҲʮߣģȻͲСˣһĶʮʣеĳȣŮʣʮֲ
ڿʱЩȣû뵽ĪĪӷɵĸĸȻӣĪӷɵǼ̳֣ĪҲ֪Ǻ˭ѧġ
ڿµʱԵЩȣԱߵĽҲЦ˵Ҫ˵ʱĸĻԼϾŮʲô飬ҪĸľĻһζܵġ
˵֮⳯ԱŲһ£㽭
ȻҲף֮ĿǰĪҸĸ
ȻôλˣǾͿżɽʲô˵ģֱ˵ɡ¿˵λǰ豭ﶼûвˣ˵㡣
鵭Ȼ˿κεȴܹһ䣬ѾͷòģûʲôԾĵط
״ĪҸĸ֪ʲôһ֮ĪĿһȻ㶼˵ˣҲˣ֮ҵ㣬Ҫ㣬֮飬ܲ˽½
Ҳ᲻£Ż㿴ζˣ϶úõĹ£Ҳ˺飬֮ǰ飬ķǳǸĪ˵һ֮ԱߵĪĸҲĵģϾԼĺӣ϶Ҫš
һ㽭׵ģϾҲܻɫԽѿ


413һҲ

Ǿ㣬ڷͥ˵һӾͻˣ
˵꣬ѾȭͷЩ˵ôģѵΪԼŮͿ
뵽ǰʫˣԼƷҪĪȥʹãΪϯʦ
ֻҪ뵽Щܣ޲ڳȥΪʲôҪˣܡ
ܹΪʫϣΪʫѾˣ
ۿ˵ʱͣĿ˽µϣƺڵһ
ԱߵĸĸܵԼŮȴ֪ӦǺá
ֱӸ˵ɣ֮ǰѾԭܶˣΪǵŮһ鶼ûΪݺҼξͲҪ֮ǰֻҪɱң͵ҵƷȥμӱһЩϷͥ͸Ӯҡ
̣壬ܹҪԼŮģôʱҲϣܹԼҪҪ˵ҡ֪ͣһε鲻׵Ľ
˵ģĪҵİ裬˱Ҳ
ĪĸǸŮ˵Щ֮ɫЩÿ
Щ֪ˣҪһĹµĻɣǲϣǵϣ𣿡
ǿ˽½ôͷǰǿԵģڷͥ˵Ļܾͻεġ
Īĸüͷóرż
ǲô˵ϼᶨĿ⻹ûһı䡣
һι滮ûлĻԶɥʧ˸ĻᣬʱĽҲѾˣĪһֱڹⲻһ顣
ۣһλԼҪġ
ڻ֮ϿĹˣʵ˲ٵκֶݺ
ЩǰЩ׵ķĻζҪϡ
Ȼô˵Ҳ˵˵еŮǸʲôӣЩĻҾˣڵĻֻҪҵҪҵƣҪռҵȫ
ǾΪһŽĻžͲܺߵĻ˵ǲ̫ˣȻǾĻҲԸ˵ģΪûк𣡡
˵ԱЩĸ˱鶼þ˭Ҳû뵽ʱ¾Ȼ˵ۡ
ɲҪ˵
ҾҵŮΪСûнãƢܴ֮ǰ˺Щ飬ǣղ˵Щɲ˵ѽ
Īҵĸĸ伤
ԽǿµȻģǵԽţͺѾʼԼŮȴ顣
ܣܣǵıŮ˺˵飬ôأһҪӽ¿һĴ𰸲С
ǰЩ˾ȲŵɫȻ˵һ䲻Ļ
ҪԼǰǱĪǱǵıŮأ
ȻǲԸţҲǽһ鵽ôһ¡˵΢΢üͷѾֳе
ǴŲ֪Ǹˣʫ壬֮ǰʵҲʶǿǵ˺棬ɵĻȥ飬Ī֮ǰõʱ
һ飬ǻ˵ֲѾץס𣿾֮Һ͸ȥļе飬ǲ֪˭ĻҿԸǣʫѣȴĪˡ
ʱûˣĪ͵ƷΪϯʦ
˵ʱµı鸴ӣпһ㱯ˣΪ֪񲢲¶ԼԴʼһֱڿԼ
ЩĪҸĸȻ˵˵ÿһ鶼ûֱӵرĪ˺˵飬ЩѾСôܿأ
Щ顭
ҪݺңɲֻΪŮӼҵļʣҪҵ
ΪʲôҪһٶãҲЩһ
µı࣬⼸仰˵֮󣬾ıԼһĪҸĸĵǸ׾ٵطŹĪ
һһ׾ٵķֵġ˵ͳ
ûһҪԭ˭ԭôΣȴ޾ǡ


414Ϸͥ

ĪҸĸ֪µⲢûôأֻգ˵˼뿪ˡ
ۿѾˣ̱ɳϣԽĸ
ҪϷͥˣҪ֪ݣɲֻΪݣԼǰеִ
û°ɣ
⼸쵹ˣʵû취ĻҪƳһ°ɣ
ڷͥ飬λĸʵףԶǰԼ뷨ġ
ĸԼĹģ»۾ʱЦҡҡͷŵЦݡ
Ƿİɣ취ͥϵһӮġ˵ʱĿᶨϾкܶ˶֪֧ĸоȻʮֵĲ
֮±˷취ͥĶҪԼҪһ黹֪ΪΣĪЩţΪĪҸĸ׵ԼŮΣ֮УǾһȡж
ǲʲôķġ
֮˯˹ȥʱѾ˵ڶˣϾŽ³
ľأ
ܲ˵ʲô飬ԻûйأСȰ͵Ժȥɡ Ҳû˿Ц˼˱쳣࣬ϾһԼܲҲرں
˵ˣڶľɵߣµйٴΣգܹõġ
Ȼ֪ľɵȥʲôˣлĪľİ
˲伴ŵķ羰龰ѾڴҴææĸȥһææµµĵʮֳʵ
ǰҲһֻϧĽȴ̫á
뵽ЩĪЩѹ֪ʲôʱԼȻô顣
ϵŷӦѾ˵طˡ
˳֮ͿǰϵķԺطڽµһֱʮĵططɣҲΪˣϻѡ
ղѾˣҴȥɡϲ˵ǰ˽ȥڶľߵһֱʮģƽڹ˾ദĹϵҲʮֵĲ
֮ʼһĵȺ
֮ĳͱȽϼˣʦæۡ
Χ֮󣬽½ضŶĪıʮֵĵȻѾκε׼
£ΪܰҴ𣿲ܡ
н¿ľһ仰ֻǶ˵һжԵòôҪˡ
ĪһʲôĪĽѣ뷽跨ĪõӦеĳͷ
֮ߴҷʦǽĪЩһһΧĹʱлЩȻƺ鵽Ǹʲô
ԭ淽Ĺ۵㣬ҷɣ֮ǰ˺ԭ飬ҷϣǲûԭ淽˵أҷıʱֻҷԱʱС˵ˣû֤ݱҷ˰ܵԭ档
ʱ򣬽΢΢üͷû뵽Щ˾ȻˣķʽԼϵ
ԵʦʼҲһȻı飬ǵҲʮֲм
ȲĻǺô˵ʦűʦ
͵ƷҲμӱ飬˶ģ͵ʫƷ飬ûжϾô˵أû֤ݣ˵ˣԭ涼Ѿˣ˭֪ʵԡ
ΪˣϣĪδõӦеĳͷ
Īĵı飬ϣҲҵʵȥ
Ҳ˵硣Ȼ˵ڵʱıƷϿԭ֣һҲеίˣ֮ҲɵĿ档
ԭ淽˵˭Ҳû뵽ǾȻķʵҪ˵ûʲôõġ
֮ǰвٹίˡ
ͻȻγɵĶţǽҲû뵽淽ʦ˵Ƿ֮ĪЩûв´Ļ֮һʲô֤ݳ֡
һ֮󣬴֤ˡ
Ǹ˽»ЩϤģɫ֣̿󼤶˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˻˵ˣûп˵ˣôܰԼְŵͼֽȥ߸ǲݵģѲΪд𣿡
һ˵ҲԴǣҲ޵
Щ¾ˣֻĪҵЩͨίŻѡ񣬱ϾĻĪ˵ǲܷĵġ


415õ֤

һӱýڳЩ񶼲֪ӦǺãϾڷԺϵ׻ǽһ֤ݣȻ˵ûпǾͲֱӸĪ
üͷһԱߵʦŷҲ֪Ϊʲôᷢ״
֪Ӧδ𣿡Сѯһ䡣
ԣʦ΢΢üͷָһûһµû档
֤˷ҪȻûκεĻᣬҪ֤ݣΪ۾͸˶ʦε˵飬ȻҲ֪δ
ԭʦʲô˵ģ
ۿʦı飬Щ˼һ֮վǿͨ۲ͼֽԼ۲ûǸֵĴڡ
һʱ򣬽±øͼֽڱί֮Ͳ֪ȥˡ
һˣԲʲôʱû飬û뵽Ҳֻѡſ԰ƽĪ顣
ԭʦ˵ͼֽڵʱͲ֪˭ˣûа취ҵͼֽ֤
Ȼô
ֻͼֽûбߣǱĪڵʱ͵͵Ĳˣû뵽Ȼʱ
뵽ЩµĪЩûڣʱעȫĪҲںȻ֪Ӧ
ƫƫֽŵʱ̣ͻȻ˶תͷȥʱ򣬲ŷŶľȻһֱŵĶľɡ
Ȼ鵽زǲú˵һ˵
Ƕ̶̵һ仰ڳ
ĪڿľɵʱжĪĻңڷŸոտͥʱ˵Ӱ
ΪûпвŻǰ⡣
ҵʲô֤أ
ɻѲܹҵͼֽɣ
ɾʱľɵʱͻȻһǸˣζ᲻ʶľһֱҼǵ
ԭǴȥҵģֻҪҵǸʮѣҪҲررѣΪˣԭŵĴǿܲķ
û뵽龹ȻӣΪûо飬Ϊڴǰ֮ľͲùܣû뵽е鶼Ҫ֤ݣҲΪŵ֤̫ˣŻᷢ״

ô
˭ѽôǶʶһ
Աߵ˶ƺ̸۹ݵ⣬Ͼе˶ʶǵ
ΪȵĻڱʦߵĪû뵽ʱȻᷢ顣
Ա߿ŵģĪҸĸҲˣȥ֮˹ݣʶҲֵĵط
ͻȻ˹ʲô
Ա۵ʱ򣬶ľתͷһʱ˵ıЩ֣˫Ҳ쳣ĸӡ
תͷĿ˽µϣǿһ֮󣬽µоĪİ
һεǿԽˣȻ֪Ϊʲôľɻ˽⵽ڶڽ˵Ψһľǡ
֮ԴΪҲ֤ˡ
ľ˵֮һԡ
ҲӦôˣֻпĪʱﻹԹޡ
ҽΪ֤ģ˵͵Խµû֤ݵģҽҪ˵ľ֤ݵģ
һ仰˵֮Īɫͱˣʮѿ
û뵽ʱҪһţϾദôãһǰ飬֤ܶݡ
㶼Ѿˣ˵Ļ𣿡ŭĿԲɵؿòУ޲ڳǰȥס֮˵Ļ
ֻոͱԱߵ˸סˡ
ڷͥϲҪ̫
һ仰ֻĪϣʲôܹ
Щ⣬ɱϻʮֵĵȻ֮ǰľ˼䣬ɶ
͵ǰǰϯʦƷҲΪ˲ŻϯʦϯλǲŵĻԵҵļȥҼһֻǺʫദĺܶྭǰѡ
Ϊ治ϲˣŷô飬ЩҶţкܶƬ֤
仰֮ԱߵЩ˶þܵҲһȰ
ÿжиԵ뷨Ҳû뵽Ȼ顣
ȵӦĪҵǼˡ
ô뵽ʱȻᷢ顣
ѲɣҪˣ


416³ȥ

һдʼ֮ͱú
֮󣬲Ѵ֮ǾͽĪɹ֮֡
»ص˼£˿ΪԼˣǰѾҲˣ·ԼеִûʲôԼˡ
ľһ£͵Ŀû˵ֻǾ
ɳһŤͷľɣҲȻһ뷨ǾԼûкúõĳȥأ֮ǰһֱæŸ𣬲ڼȻѾˣԼβȥúõ漸һ¡
ЩطԼѾȥܾˣǸᡣ
뵽⣬¿ŶľЦ˵:ɣǳ漸òá
ľһ£û뵽һعŽ˵:ãȥȥɷҲã֮ǰԼ̫ˣľȫЩۡ
ʱȤˣ²˵:ȥȥձӣȥm
ţеˣôȥĵط֪ҪȥﰡЩ˶ľһۣ뵽һ⡣
ֻ¿Ŷľ˵:ɣ˵ȥð
Լѡðɰѡһ
ľɺƵģԽ˵:ȥmɡ
ãȥˡ¿϶˵ֻɻƱˣóֻľɾֹĶ²Ŀ
ֻľɿŽ˵:ѾƱˣڻʱ򡣡
һ£ӦˣԭһʼʹԼȥ氡Ŷľ˵:ð㾹ȻңҪҸϲҪȥĵطأ
Ǿ͸ǩȥȥĵطľɵ˵
⻰жҲͨ뵽ȥmŶľ˵:ɣá
ľ˵:˺ϾŵʮƱ
ͷ룬ȥ磬պóԷҼǵһطĳԵرóԡ
ڶϣʰú󣬾˰µø˵һǲҪġ
˼УˣЦ߹˵:ɣˡ
šЦߣľɳͷ:衣
ŽճԼǸˣȫЦݣŽµ¡
ȵº󣬽¿˵:裬ҺͰɹ׼ȥm죬һ¡
ȥɣú棬ôʱˣҲûúõķɳȥ棬пˣӦöȥߣתһ顣Ц˵
Ҳ֪ʱ䷢飬ԼŮȥҲͦõģ࿴羰ԹҲаġ
šЦ˵
ԣһҪԷѾȥˣһͻ˵
ʱ󺣻ˣⲻ˵ܲٲܲپ͵
»ˣЦ˵:ˣ֪ҸղžӦٶ˻
ã֣Щ͹ˣķĿ˵
µͷЦЦ˵:ãȥóԵȥ
˵ӹеĲȥȥˣɳ£¿˵:֣ǹȥm漸ٻ
ðȥɣһʱ䣬ú÷һ£ҲȷŷţҪ̫ˣءЦ˵
ЩǸжȻģʤģһֱԼܺãж˵:лл֡
лʲôŮ󺣲˵
±ȥˣһԼջǿԵġ
½ˣ˵:ʲô
ҰЦ˵˵:ȥŰɣﲻ㣬һˡ
ҸġЦ˵ҲͦŮһʱģҲûý³ȥһԴ֡
磬һӵķˣһ붼ǽ°Եģһϣĵĳ緹
׻˵ĺãٲߣһ˳˷Ժ󣬱˽ϣߣ
˳㿴ıȥûоֱӻȥ
һ˴аСʱȥˣصнڼһ̸һɫ׼ؼҡ
ˣºͶľ˿ص˼Уʰһ£ľɱȥ鷿ˣЩļھ͵ôһ£ľͼƻҪȥġ
ǰʱ򣬾Ͱѹ϶źˣһЩģҲͶŪˡ
鶼ԺѾʮˣľڣͿԼĽɳϻ˯ľɰŵ˴ϣԼʰһ£ȥ˯ˡ


417Ҳϲ

磬˼Ҫȥmεǰһ졣
յһ绰ֻʾĵ绰룬ɫһ£ԥһЩǽ
ιʲô𣿡µ˵Ī飬˻ѵҲһҵģûа취ƽ̸ˡ
ҡЩ˵ܳһ𣿡ĪӷɳɵЩ֪᲻ͬ
¾˼һ£ߣĪӷֻܴӵ绰һһӣ򵥵һ֡á
ſڵ㡣Īӷ˵
Ҷ˵绰Īӷ⻰վ̨ȻĪӷɵӰ
´˸ףȥˡ
Īӷɵߣ˵:ʲô˵
Īӷɿǰ˵ݣ£뵽Īֱ죬һ£ŶԽ˵:Բ𡣡
ʲôøҵǸġµ˵
Īӷɿε˵:ҽǸģҵãôĴ£ҲΣûй̺ܽãԲ𡣡
ˣ˵:㲻ҪҵǸûʲô
仰ĪӷЦˣǳǸ˵:ôҪ˵һԲӣҲԹ˱ˣⶼԼĴ£ˣףͶľɡ
˵Īӷɿһ۽±뿪ˡ
¿ĪӷɵıӰӵĺܣҲûп˵ʲôԶȥ
תȥͿ˶ľ겻֪ĸطðģŭ
£㾹Ȼ빴ҵķɸ磬ǲҪľż˵
֮ǰǸģߵʱͿ˳Ͼֻһףһط߹ȥ
ľ꿴֪Ҫȥĵĸڽµĺ棬ͿǰվŵĪӷɡ
һ˲䣬ʳŴԣĺȥ˷ֿסˣɸԼӡͲãԼ
ټԼ˵ʲôôɸġ
˸͵͵עߵһһڸĲǺܽԲûǵ̸ֻúܽĵŭʢ
£ĻռŹģȻ̤ˣһôѵ
ȵĪӷԺ󣬶ľ˳ָ¡
¿Ŷľ꣬һǴ￴һԵģѾظ˺ܶˣΪʲôΪ
˻˵ˣҪǱ֪ˣ϶ֵóԴˡ
ҼǵҸ߹㣬Ҹ֮ûκεĹϵֻѡЩõ˵
˵Ҹղſôһϵǲһ֣һвɸ˵ܣȻ÷ɸôľ겻ĵ˵
ڿƵĿôãȻֻܿһôôͳ˰ء
˵ľ꣬вҪҩȻ֮Ŀģûмƽ͵ҾѾˡЦĿ˵
㡭㡭ľԼĻŭˣŭ˵:¡
Ͷ䣬Ŀ˵:ˣýôļ
ľ꿴һ㶼ӣᣬǹǸģû뵽ǸûɣԼһӵŭ
ҲʲôǸˣľݺݵĿ˵:Ҹ㣬£ԺɸԶһ㡣
⻰Ӳͷˣ˭ѽûȨԼ㻹ԼƢ
ľ꣬ǲ£Լ׷ˣ˭ԼȻҧˡ²ͷ˵
˵:ڿڰɵϲЩĵķϻҲ֪ģҳܵģ뿪ﲻӭ㡣
˵ͳſȥھľʱԱߣ˵:ڸһΣҺĪӷûκιϵƵĻҲġ
˵Խ˽ȥš
ľ껹㶵վţȷӦ󣬼е𡰽¡
ըʲôǸȥɣ޺޵һţԼЬ߻תˡ
ߣ»صڣƽϢˣֵģԼֵء
뵽һûˣȥԼ˵óԵģɳϳԶȥˣӦȥmӦʲôҪġ


418ȥM

ϣľɴӹ˾ˣ˲ߣ뵽˽飬˵:ĪӷɺͶľˡ
šµͷ˵ľ²˵:ĪӷɹøҵǸ̸˼䣬뿪ˡ
û뵽ľ겻֪ģֱӾ˵ҸĪӷ˽飬˵ҹ˵һ١տʼȷʵĻţѾûôˣֵãúȥmʲô
뵽⣬ˣŶľ˵:ȥˣһҪǶ漸죬òãһ˺üطأȥòá
áľ˵һ˵ȥģһĹ⣬ԼյϢԾǶľ귢ģȻãûʲôо
ҺĹϵᣬû뵽ԼһȫˣеĽѵҪߵģǲ׵ķŹġ
һСʱѾʮһˣžʢĽ£ҡҡͷε˵:ˣ˯ɣǻҪ𡣡
ǽºܾһ㶼Ҫȥˣ͸˷ܡ
ľ֪󣬾Ͳˣһ뵽Ӿµӣе㲻̫ȥˣȻѾӦˣͲٸˡ
ֹ˰Сʱ»û˯⣬Ϊг̣˯ˣɲ
ڶһ磬ľɾ˽µߣĺţ˵:СҪˣǻøϷɻء
⻰ĽһӾˣӻеججģϵĸʱȥmʱ򣬾ˡ
ԣҪmģ˲˿㣬ãüû̫˿
һԵĶľɿһϵеĲ΢΢гЦ⣬ܾöûпˡ
¿ľӣûţʲô磬ӦǸϽʰ
뵽⣬漰俪ʼʰȵʰ緹Ϳ˵ˣɻ˾ŵʮƱҲÿһСʱøϽȥˡ
˻
չԺ󣬾ҪϷɻˣľ˷ɻ󣬸ûãһֱ죬Һܴ󣬾ǺԶ߻õ
ܴΪΪ˵˼㳳ˡ
ľ˶üͷһֱϵĳԼ鶼ƻˣ¿һ۶ľɣ˵:ǹȥɡ
šľɵͷ˱ǵߡ
뿴˿ԭһmºһ˳ˣ˫ŶҪˡ
˫ǰ侲˵:ǷʲôˣȻˡ
Լߵˣ˽µߣ˵:λŮʿؿ治ҵĴǵĴ̫ˣʵ̲ȥˣǰ˵䡣
û뵽Ȼңҿ϶Ͳˣҿ϶Ҫȥ˭֪ˣ붯ֻ֣ƽ͵˵ģҾˣ̲סˡ
һߵ⻰æԽ˵:鲻ģֻ˵仰ûô˵Ȼ͹ˣŮѵܲ⣬Բųġ
⻰Ҳ֪ôˣ˫˵ңܵҲ֪巢ʲô֪һ˵ǶԵġ
Ҳһֱȥܲһֱ·ɻɣ侲˵:˫˵ģ֪ĸǼٵģǿԶһǸ
ǿԸǻһλһġ
˫ˣȻﶼǺܸˣҲһֱֻøһ˸ǸȻ˻˸λãһ粨ȥ
ϣŶľɣڷɻ÷һв֪±˯ȥˡ
ľɿ˯ȥˣкս˵:һë̺
õģԵȡսȥë̺ľɸë̺ȻһЩʱļ
;ǱѵģԼ˯һˣӿտյģܶ
߶ľɸܵѹˣͷȥڿӾ֪϶Ƕˣƶ˵:ˡ
šµͷ˱ȥòˣȳ󣬻صԼλϣ´ʱһ㶼ˣľһ죬˵
һԵ˿ˣԱߵ˵:۰ǺĽ
ѽѽͬͷҲĽһһԡ
˵˽ܸˣҲۡ


419Ĵڨ

ɻִMʱѾˡ±ľǣţһڻһȥ
ΪֻM漸Եʣ˴Ķֻһʮ͹װˣڵǶľһֻ䣬һֻǣŽ°׾۵С֡ӵֱ˳⳵ľɲŹӢŽ£ЩܱΪɫе:?
¶һЦݣ˵:ûء˵ֻĻʱʾʱ㡣Mںҹ·ŻƵĽֵƣΪѾǺҹԵʣĽֵֻʱʱʻһ
YM֮ʱ˼СʱķɻȻ˵ڷɻϢˣľһĶϵڽϣܵòá½ţҲԼûаչ˺á
⳵ʻһʱ䣬ͣ˽¸ľM֮ǰѾԤõľƵꡣľɸ˳Ǯý˳ȻȥǵһȥƵǰ̨ס
סķһʮͨĴ󴲷װξ£Ըɳ̲ķһ̨վ̨Ͼܹɳ̲棬ƿش˳ȥҹʱʱɳ̲ĺҲһˡ
Mʱ賿һľɷź˶ߵ߽Լϴװ˽ϣ˵ӰļľɼŽµĲһдԵ˵:ҹ䣬ˡ
ʵ:ʱ仹磬ٽȥϢϢɡ賿һ˯Сʱʱ䡣˱ΪMģûϢãǻô档
µ˵ͷʵ:ȥ氡?
ľóֻ˿Ĭ˼˰죬ش:ȺúõĽȥ˯һȻʱȥĺ档
ϸ룬ָƬһ˵ɳ̲˵:Ƭɳ̲?
ľɵ˵ͷ˵:š
Ƚȥ˯ԡ˰ѽ˳ķ˿˻㲻˵ȥϴһȻ˴ϣĵı۾˯˹ȥ
ľɸ´YMԭʹʱһ·۳Ͷ٣һֱ˯˵ڶȥʱľԭĴ࣬ʰ֮¥µĲȥͣȻǣֵȥסľƵܽĺߡ
ΪϢգɳ̲˺ܶˡ¸ľһ߽ܵ˵۹⡣еθҲӢһۿȥֵˡŮĴԼһߣΪ˵ĳԵø⽿Сɳ̲ϵһǱЩƲˣȽһŮúÿ˭ܲϲ?
½촩һǳɫĳȹϲһ˫ƽЬһͷ˳ķ˿ؾصԺټúÿֻ˵ױһȥԽˡɵĸڶľߣһ֮ȴԼҪһ󣬱ߵĶľ˵:ȥһϴּ䣬ȵѽ
ľɵĳ˵ͷ:ȥɡ
»ʱľɳ̲ʱһרϢļľɵıӰͦζݣ׾Ͳһõĸо¿ЦЦһƬۣҪȴƼԱһλŻŮִļ
ľɼһ˲Ա߶˶㣬ɹŮ˵ֵȥ
?¶һ˿õı飬۾΢΢𣬽ָֻǰŮһƿˡ
Ů¶ǵĳЦЦ޹ǵĿҪʵϣ:˧磬һİ?ûȶľ˵ԹԵ˵:ҽ˧ʲô?
ľţҪ˵ȴһϤ:ʲôָʲôϵ?
ľѭعͷȥһֻۣһõ˹ľǣ˽£˵˵:?
һתȥƶľǰֻһױȻŮˡҶľɣ²Ҳ֪ʲô⡣
ļʱľҲûдźһ㡣ľɣֿһȨζԵĽ¡欵Цʶľ:ŻŮ?
⻰ʳͺѿˡ»ûüֻԱߵĶľ˲ͳ˵:λС㣬ǻ쵽ҪԼ˽ɣ
Ŷðɡ˵һ
ýֻǿϺÿǰλڵ˻ǲġ˼ƺûȤֻˡ


420Ļð

żȻֵûи֮֮󻹳һŤһŤıӰߵĵһۡľɿһģĽʧЦְĽСĽӵ˵:ô?ң㲻?
Աݺݵĵ˶ľһۣľɵʮͨů˵»һ˿죬ڳһ˿ı飬˵:ȻϲĻǸϽȥץ˵Щʲô仰˵ֻʣˣǸľ˵ģһ
ľĪýԴ׵ģܿɰҲ̧һ½µԴװ:˵˵Щʲôأ벻ߣѵܲ?
ȷڣÿʱÿҪһ𻹲࣬ľĻܱŮ˹ȥ
֮˵Щص飬ǣּɳ̲ڿĵʱܾʱŵĺܿ죬ȽٴηӦʱɫѾ
ߵĲ𽥱һƬīɫǣߵķƺȰǿһЩĽǳɫĳȹȹڲͣŷڰз衣˻Ĵɳ̲ϣΧ𽥼٣ɳ̲Ҳҹơ
ǰԶĵطһһ̧ۿǰֻɳ̲ϲ֪ʲôʱ˼ڵӣۼһȺˡµ۹㰵
һ仯Ȼûӹľɵ˫ۣǣŵС֣ʵ:ȥ?ĵ˵ͷһ̱㱻ľɴ˹ȥ
ۼĴŮȼٵġǼ¸ľ߹ʺ:ѣҪ?
ľƣֻһȺΧһľɵĿӣżӡľըգۣʵ:Ҫʲô?
Ļð!һش˵:һ!ľɱͷ˿£ѯǷҪμӡĻðϷ²İһֱûҵʲôõĻһΣЩ˵ҪĻðգ˲Ȥ
ľɵ˵ͷȺŮ˵:õġµЩ֮ɨһȦһɨһ벻ˡ
ʱѾ»һƺɫľ¶ȹϻŨŨѬױԸСЩ˿ضҪһЩ˼ˡ
ڿҲʾĿ˻ȥŮ˵߸˵Ķϣ±Щ˼ȴ
Ϊ˶ľɸһԿŮĲ룬Χոɳ̲һĵ̺к˵Χȥ
µһβĻǼŶľɣ¡̺ϰơơСԡˮоϷӡһЩֵ˹Ϸ򣬡˵!һѴԼʮˣһߴߴģܲ
װӵĺӳҡҡ˵:Ϸʵܼ!һÿһ˶һӣȻҡʵС!ʵǸ˿ѡĻǴðգѡĻʵĻشһ⣬Բ˵ٻѡðվҪһ顣
˰Ϸ꣬ʵ:Ҷ𣿡
!˶ش
ǺãϷʼ!˳˾֡˵֮ʾֱߵĵһҡӡ˶ߵ˳ҡеӡ
µһ棬˷ܣһֱЦŵġֻû֣Цˡµһ֣˶Լӵĵ󣬽µһγΪ˵Сˡ
Ͷһ¸ľɲʶŮŮ۾ᡣϸϸʽ:ѡĻǴð?
³ҿ˿˼һСǾѡѡģŮ˵:ѡðա⻰һ˵ЦǶý´󵨡ǽһѡðյˡ
꽭µĻشŮ˱Цϵ۾˶٣˵:ǡѡһλڳһ
˲ʹﵽ˸߳ǿԥһ!һ!
µһ͸ƻͷһ۶ľɣȴҲԼ¸Ӳ˼һԼ壬۾Ա߶ľ
һ˶ľɵġ˶ǴЦ


421³ͷ

Ϸеǳ֣˶¸ľ¶ףЦݣΨһûСֳ˵עڽ¸ľϣȻûע⵽һԵ
ʱźÿûһ˿Ц⣬òײĿ޺޵Ķ˽һۣԼǱע⵽ܿͽûĿƿˡֳ˹Ȼϸûע⵽СΪ˶ף¸ľɵİ顣
ȴϲǸһĽ¡Ҳ䲻϶ľˣ벻ͨƾʲôŮ˶ܹӵжľɣȴܡȲԼֿ£ó𰸣ûСԶľɲððԼŶԡƫ롣
ζݵĲȥ֮ĻðյϷ¿ʼˡµĺŶˣһ˼֡µһֿʼٴβҵͶ˵С
Χ˻࿴Ȧǵеλʵ:˭?վϷ!ҿûվһ˼û˳һ˵:˭?ѽ!ҪǲԸǿɾͼʼһ˰!
ϲһû˳ȻֲˡΪ伸ϷˣľԼǵùˡ
˵Ļ˵껹û˳Ѿľ˵:ǺðɣǼʼһ֡Ļ˵ֻ꣬һӵʱ㱻һЩסˣһ!˾ϸ۵֣ԼͶĵ˿̲˵:Ͷ!
ͷȥһۣͶĵƲƲ죬״ĳԹ:Ȼһվ˷Ѵôõʱ䡣
¶һߵıǸ飬ﱧԹĻ˲˵ˡ֮ǺʼԼȻ˼ŮԸôʲôأô±ʲôǿԵġ㲻ˡ
һֵʤߣµı˲ͲŮ˵ֱǰŮ˶Զľɲ⣬֪Ϊʲôе⣬Щýܲ
Ա߶ľɴԼƳĲԾ:û£㣬ǲܶôġ仰ڸ׳ʱ˿ҲĪеĵˡ
ɫѾڣԱȼĻɢĻ⽫Ưյúý¾һҪĶħ
յĿ⣬ƤЦⲻЦĹ˹ǣԾһ֮ʵ:ĻǴð?
ðա³üηĿ⻰һЦˣ˵ͷ˵:Ǻãֳĺָָȥ߼鱴ǻ
⻰һľɾֱס˽µֱۣԭƽ¶һ˿ݵ飬Ҫ˵ǵһŵ˵:Ǽ񼸸ǺҮɳ̲һҲˡ
˵꣬ûƬͣЪ˵:˵ˣⲻĻðգ˵Ըķ䣬Ȼ治һʼͲҪϷ!ðջԼѡģԸǸոҲѡĻ
ľҪŭƣ¸Ͻֹס˵:û£ȥˡĻȻһ㶼ﻹһ˿ҡҺûгΪԸ
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Ϸֹȥ˼֣ľޱͳֻʱ䣬־뽭³ȥѾȥʮӡ߱ǲ٣˵ҪǺ׵顣ֱڽ¶ûл
ľһ¾ҲסˣﵣŽ£ֱվȥҽ»Ÿ̤һͱ˽סˣҪȥ
ľɿۺѹѹɳ̲һҲɣ˵:ȥҽ¡
ٿһЦ:ģµġӦúܿͻ
ɲöľɹȥʱЩ˵ĺ£黹֪Ӧôźá


422в

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˼ʧˡľ˵仰֮Ҳ˵Ŀ⣬ת뿪ˡ
Ŷľ뿪Ӱ۵׻һĨЦ⡣
ʲôˣǽ˲ûаѶľ뿪·ϣֿʼ
ߣ˻ĴŽʯľվں̲ߣʱʱĻкˮ嵽ĽűߣǺХ˵ǽһߣüۣĺͫӿ˱һĺ⡣
ʱѾˣ̲ҲһЩοͣ󲿷ֶ£ľɲûҵŵˡ
£ľں̲һһŽµ֣ӦȴֻһƬš
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Ҳ绰Ҳͨ˵ȥ̲ϼ񱴿ڵ
ľӿϵĲԽǿ

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ϱͿĲǺټڵıѾˮɢĲˣҪ鱴ô׵飿
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µ͵ؿһ¡
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ֻһƬҬǰļ׳СһڿˮŲϵˣĿǰļˡ
һ˴һڣǴЩ˵ŮôֲǻˣֻǾЩ¶į䣬Ҫȥǽưˡ˵ֵ꣬Ǵһȥ˺ЦŽǴЦġ
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Ҳ֪Ϊ£Ϊ˵ЩåƦĻµȾ˼ɫ
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ż˵Ц
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423¶

˺̲ϣոһ׷ѾϵľˣҲûǸȥԸǣ˫۷죬ҧŵĴɣ˵ˣŹҺòá
˻˵ôˣϽ߰ɣΪ׷㣬ǲڵøǵͷ˰ɣ´һ°͹µģִ°ͣζĹʡ
˫ֹסķŲ޼ɵĴֱͷƤ飬öģ
ץ·Ҫ
֪֮󣬽иӲõںԼΣҲܸߣý׹
žһ᲻صİ𣬽µϳһƴСİӡӡڽ°ԵЩġ
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һֻֻʲôϢҲûУյģҲû绰
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ϬĿ⣬֪ģԾɪһ¡
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ȻʹУ
ƵǸʲôطʲô֪
ľɷѾ˺ֹܴסҪŭȵĳ嶯ѹƽ˵ҪʲôµĻһܵġ
ȻѾǾѹŭˣ˸ܵڵߡ
һݻ֮󣬶ľɾͷҲص뿪ˣһڷҡ
ŶľɵӰ߬ȹʮָҲ˿ûһҪɿ˼Ŵǣĺܽ


424˭׼ĵ

ľ˵ǼҾƵȥ·ϣܲôöԸԷһľɴӿ㶵ֻ֡
110
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һָͿָԱߵϣǰ̨ľǹѹϢ𺳵ˣ˰춼û˵һ
ü룬ŷӦΡΡʵʲô𣿡ϻְҵԵ΢ЦһƵʱ͸˵ʲôĹ˿ͣҪһΣ塣
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ǰ̨Ŷľɲ˵ǽˣȻﲻϵĸԼҪ£ðǲϸ
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ֻһŮЦ绨ݳǰ̨ǰ
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425

߳Ƶ֮󣬻һֱֵҶµСʱʱľɵʱʱĺᣬŪĶľɻȲѡ
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ֻһյƵĴͷƣůůĵƹһŴ󴲣컡

ڶϣδؽĴ˽ķ˸һģĶ
ⴥСͷ
üͷ۾ԼŵĶĿ΢ţȵջ֡
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Žµķ۴һһϵģ˵ʲôľʲôҲûȥսһӡȥ

ϴһ֮˾ȥʳתһת
±ǸԻóԵĶͻǰһŶľÿݶһ㣬ÿҲֻǳһҲͳԲˣʣµĻǶľɰġ
һµʳ֮ǰЩкľͣʧˡ
Ž³Եһӣľ˫Ŀ⡣
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ĿԣŶľĿ⿴Լֲ뵽ϷǼ£ϱһƬ糺죬Сĸɿ˼װʲôûģԡ


426Ӱ

һߣھƵ귿õ廨ԡһĵ绰ԡİݵķΧüͷ˦˦ˮ飬һֻԾ˽
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ľ֣΢΢üܸо˵ƫƫͷϸһ£ľɵƮ
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Ҷϵ绰֮ͷˮˮϷðһһİɫݡ

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Ŷľɴ˺üãԼԲĶӣ뵽ղżʳ۷Щ˼Ц
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˻һϵķΧһӱ΢Ա߼ֵķΧྶͥ
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428

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Ŷľ˫һ˿ӣЩĺӿͷ֪ĵ㲻罭ºãΪʲôľҪ䵭
򵥰ֻҪӦһͺˣŮѵȻҪ֧ѵҵһ˫ֵӽڶľϣκһ顣
ϣľȴֻǵƳһۣȻʲôû˵ȴп˼
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ⲻ£ѾԼľˣһú̸һ̸ġ
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429

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430ºĵ

һη飬лʮּƽϵģϾͶľ֮Ĺϵ˵׻Ϊġ
ʼ˵ʱ̬ܹһ㣬ԹԵľɵĻȥǸŮˣҲڷô飬Ͽһ˵𣬵˶׽Ƕľɹ˾ģʱ𻵵ĿɾǶľŵˡ
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432ǰ׼

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ӵϼԼ·ʤĵطӶ
ͺúõŰɣɱ˵ûߵˣǶľ鴦õĻ֪ᷢʲôأһߴϵ·һЦ˵
ȹһȹӣĵ״Ե˶࣬ϸ˫Ӹľϲ
ȻԺ󼶱ģ໹ǺÿĲУʤڴϣĿ´Ů˵ġ
İɣǸľҲֻԼĵط죬⻹˵ġ˵ľɵʱıЩмʵ˵˵Ƕľøã޿ɱġ
mľŵľ÷չĲ࣬Ҳץסһ㣬ŸóƤӵ顣
ܣһ֮뵽ʲôϽ˵ˣ
Ժ㻹ңҷǳ㣡
˵ʱʤıе˼Ѿʮˡ
˵ģȻ˵ںҪܾϻЦŴӦϾ黹ûãʤʱͻȻڣûκεĻᷴ
Ͼ鲻ôȥҲֻ˽˵š
ǵȻˡЦ˵濴һۣʱڹ¡˵ģѾˡ
ȻѾ˵ˣʱ鷳ˣˡ첽ߵſڣ˸߸Ь֮󣬳ڴϵʤ˵ͷͷҲ뿪
ſ֮ɫ˺ܴı仯ԭЦݱĿģ
ҧҧ뵽µʱвʹһЩ
£һΪ㸶ô࣬ɵúúõĽһа
һжû֪
ڶ֮󣬽¾ͱľɴȥˡ
ҪȥĶһľͳˣԼ۾ӸղŵҲˢϴ緹ûüԡ
ոϳɻؿԱߵĶľɡ
ԣľɵϴصЦݣ˵ȻлᣬһҪƯƯģһֱûлʶһЩˣںòлˣ𣿡
һ˵ţһߴԱóݸ˽¡
Ҫ˶֪ҵˡ
̶̵һ仰˵һУµͷһůĵ˵ͷӦ
Ȼӹͣĳųȥķ羰Ҳ
ģһŬ׷㡣


433С

ӽĪ֮һʱһֱ֪ӦʲôãϾϯʦλҲѾˣǵͨˣͶľ֮ľ뻹ǺܴҲһֱŬܹվͬλá
֪֮гطҲѾˣ³֮ܿһۣſǸʲô
ʲôطı΢Щɻ󣬲һԱߵĶľɡ
ȥ
ϣľס˽µ֣˽ȥ
ȥ֮²ʲôطֵطǸ߼ʿŻġÿһҵ̶һûǮˣֵطһ
Ȼ˵ֵطǱϾŮӣЩԭʮָȤ
ȥȹӡľ˵ĳܿһۣſһЩÿҵȹӵķͣһݳƷ̵ſڡ
һ仰Ҳ˵Ž½ȥ
λˣԱȻûмľɶˣǿǵĴ֪һûǮˣ˵̬ҲʮֵĹ
Ա˵ģľҲûκεĻظŽ´һһȹǰ߹תһۣȹӺÿ
ĽѾЩӦˣȻ˵ǰҲͶľദʱΪãûоʲôĵط
Ҳ֪գգ۾ƽʱһֱ˵ڼٴȹӣӲ֪ѡ
״ľɾôһ£Ŀڼȹϡ
⼸úһԡ
ѡļʮģɫϵȹӼ΢΢¶ȹӾ쳣ġ
ԱȻ˵شӦ
һֻʣ˶ľɺͽˣµı黹΢Щ
ȷҴĻÿһûд͵ȹӡ
Ȼᡣ
ľԴûһйԱŽ뿪Ȼ˵˶ľɵĻشĺܶ࣬⻹ǻЩ
ľɳϿԼֻ칤ͻȻæ֮²ֿеʱЩ顣
֮Զ¼Ŵ򿪣΢΢̧ͷͿŮ˴һɫ˳ĺɫЩƬϽµ׾ȻǸĺÿƽʱǸصŮӲһԵøӵ
ôľɵĿ⣬ǽһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻãֻ̽ԵĿһõõۡ
ľĵ˵ͷҲܡ
ȻĿ˹Աϣ⻻һɣ뿴ȹʲôӵġ
ľɵ鼤Խ¼ȥûһ֮ٳʱһźɫСȹӵŮ¼˳
¶ƣ˵Խĳг𷽲ţĽԵøӻÿɰҲ鶯ࡣ
ô̽Ŀһ۶ľɣ֪Ϊʲô¶ĪЩǸովӵʱʮġ
ֻľɵüͷ΢΢һֱ֮佭µҲЩ
ǲÿ𣿡
գգ۾ϾǵһγĶҲġ
ÿľߵ˽µǰ
ǣȹֻǰܴ˿ϣԼװף˽µϣ¶Ĳֶסˡ
˿Ůֵطһ˲˵עԺܶ˶߿ڸղŵʱԱЩ˾޵
Ҫû뵽ľɻ˵Щһʱ֮佭̲סЦڶľɵĻУԵ쳣ᡣ
ҵĴܲûԴأ
Ȼᡣľɵͳ˵תͷԱߵĹԱ
ѸոѡЩ¶ȹȫõ
ԱڴӦЦſľɶˣλĹϵǲرá
Ա˵ţͰѸղŵЩȹȥѡµĶ˶һ֮󣬽±ƲסصͷΪľɵĿʵ̫ˣܹĸܵϲ
ôÿ𣿡
Ȼ
ľɽ뻳УҲԽߺܶʵԶľɵӡ󶼲̣Ͼڹڡ
żʶҲҽϾڶľɵԸҶġ
Ӧһ㣬ĺܺãܴʲôȹӶܹԦסҵŮˡ
˵ţЦɿ˽£ٻһȹӡ
ľ˵һЩ˵ˣȻǼٵģȥ¼Ĳÿ˺ܶࡣ
ʣµɫȹӣ˶еʮţȴִһ˿ࡣ
ȹ΢ĻȣĪĻϲ


434

ǽĿ⻹µϣĲõˣǼԦס
浽ƸԵԸࡣ
ϲһ
ȥʱǶľҲٴοˣò˵ԼߵŮƽﲻʱѾܺÿˣҲǾޡ
Һϲһգգ۾̧ͷĿŶľɣϾȿ˵¶еˡ
ǳϲһںܶԵ÷ǳ塣
ԣľɵָڴһûһµûţһ֮ĵ˵ͷ
˰ۼӳʹȥɣܺÿľ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ʱ²ûסЦ
벻ľɻһ棬δӡ
ò·ˣŮѲŷ־Ȼôһѿһһӣһʱ֮䶼֪Ӧôõѡ
ǲ̫ˣҪȻܴһɣĶͻȥֵطĶ̫ˡЩ˵˶ЩûǮֻǲرԸ⻨ôǮ
˵ˣΪϯʦĻֻҪƳһ鱦ȫһܺõļ۸
ԸľɿһۣϾһεľۻҹȥģҵȻҪ׼һˣ˵𣿡
һ仰Ҫﶼ»棬ֻ޿κεĴӦ
֮ǻױͷģһʱ֮佭¾Ȼ֪Լʲôˡ
˼ʱ۾ˡ
ˣľɳĿһֻϵʱ䣬ڲ㣬Ϣһ¡
۾Ľ´ᱧ𣬳ŷ˽ȥ
ľɣѽľͻȻĶ˶ˣЦ⣬ЩɬĿ
ȥϢһ£ȻһġľЦ˵˿Щ硣
첽ŷ˽ȥ·ڴϣظ˱ӡ
úõ˯һɣȻһġϣֱֱĿڴϵĽ£˻һ֮󣬱˴˵ﶼϲ
Ž´ӦǰȥĶͷ֮ſ첽˳ȥſڵʱ򣬻ͷһ۴ϵĽ£۾Ϣŷ
һֱľ뿪ţͻȻ۾
ſڣ췢Щ飬ϻųһҸЦݡ
벻ʱ˵ĹϵΪ⼸ദԽĺͻȻ֮䣬췢ھ󲿷ԭ
̫ˣҪԼķľɣŻںܶʱѡ˴ķ
һŬġƤԽԽأһѾ˯ˡ
Ƚٴʱ򣬻Ǳľɸˡ
ˡߴ˵ʮᣬһֱ۾۵ľǶľɵӡ
ʱ䲻ˣˡ
ԣȻ˵˻ЩԺģ˯һ֮˵ľҲ˺ܶࡣ
´Ӧһ֮󣬴Ӵ
ȹӻ֮󣬳㿴ɳϵԼĶľɡ
ʱ䲻ˣǸϽ߰ɣʱЩżһ۹ǽϵʱӣŷѾ6:10ˡ
ǵ쿴ʱӦ7ۻῪʼ
šľɴӦ˽µߣһи͸㡣
ڿڴóһ¶ȥŷһУв󣬵ǿʮ־¡
һӽбϾڵӾ濴ֶһ㶼ʱŻõģһָ
뵽ЩʱĪĽţϾ˵Ĺϵ磬˵Ӧò
˵ӦûЩġľ˵ŻĴУڴ֮¶һ֮еĶ˵ıͻȻþ
ôϲ̧ͷĶȻָƵһƷһ
ǳϲҲΪƳ֮󣬾һֱù֮ڣԭҪŵģû뵽Ȼľɷˣ
ϡɫʯģ֮ԻΪڿŵʱ򣬵֪пרھһ鱦ʯиʱɫģǳÿ
û뵽Ȼľɵõˣ
һǶһ޶һ͸㣬ϲ𣿡ľϲľĿ
ϲϲ̧ͷĿŶľɣᶼ̲ס
ûһ˻ϸĵΪô顣


435Ὺʼ

˶ľɸĶһ޶˱ϳȥĵص㡣
һ·ϸŲϵµҲԽůֱ˺ǻĸо쳣ϲ
ȵʱѾˡ
ǿ쿴ǲǶľŵܲðɣ
ǿ˵׼أ˵һεĶľܲõm˵ˣҲˣ
͸оѽ˵ʵǰرľܲãֻһֱ֪ʲôӣⲻ˵ϲŮ
ϢҲ̫˰ɣҿ˵ˣǹ˾Ǹϯʦһˣ
ԱߵЩߴߴģһľ³֮һȦ˽ߵĳš
³ɡ
µͷӦոճʱԱһ꣬ڶľ³˿ӵʱһľ;ȵĲС
벻ȻǶľܲãǸŮ˵˭ѽ
Ǹ˾νϯʦɣ벻ôãôÿѹ˻һѽ
벻ľܲþȻôãЩͶĿ⣬쳣ļεĿߵĶľɣȻ˵Ѿ뵽˻״ʱЩӦ
˵ģһζľɵϲûжٱ仯ĿĿΧһЩЩߴߴ˶ð
ֻϧ˵Ҷںֻں㡣
ľ˵ţ§ס˽µļ˽ȥ
ĶԹ˵Ȼ󲨣˭Ҳû뵽һ䣬ܾŮɫĶľɾȻʱǸνϯʦº͡
Щ˲ǺˡεЦŮ߽ȥȻ˺ܶ˵עֵʤ̲ס濴һۣڿµʱ΢Щ͡
һЦݡ
Ȼ˵ĻûģǸŮ˵ģʵ̫ÿˣټϵһۣ˵ĶmŮ˶ϲû뵽ӾȻ欺ÿ˸Ųۡ
ܣ黹ûеĵطԵԼ˼ʤӦ֮Цŵ˵ͷ
һ𣿼ȻܹѣʲôԵģ˵ô
˵ţʤһк֮תͷŶľɵķ˹ȥ
벻ôĶľܲҲطʤЦ˹ȥҲֻԼ֪һιΪνĶľɣΪŮˡ
ǸŮ˵һһЦעҲǵʱŷǳĸлϾȻҵ
ȦЩݺݺŮˣڿģȻøӵľޣϲ
ԣļ̌ͷһۣöʤĿ⡣
ܵҪһµġľ˵ʤһ˽ģҲΪˣƷϲһνܲá
Ƕľ˵ʤЦЦϾҲȦ˺ܾõˣôܲ׶ľɵ˼
ƾУȻʤĿ˽µϡ
λǸСŮѰɣҿ˵˵ģǹ˾ʦأϯʦ
˵ţ΢΢ֱŶľߵĽ¡
˵Сˣ֮ǰҲ⿴һƷʮֵĲ˵ţʤ֣֮Ҫֵ˼
µ΢Щͣһ۶ľ֮
ľסʤ֣ЦЦСŮѵһβμᣬӦأҴ࿴˵ɡ
˵ţľһֻס˽µ֣ʤ˵ͷ֮˹ȥ
ȻҿܻЩ飬㵽ʱĴҪתܸ󣬱ϾЩȦ˶Ǳġľĸ½ˣǶʤˡ
ʤвʹ죬ƫƫЩ˶ڿǱϻ¶ʲô
Ȼʱ򱻱ó£ͱѰ
ľɣѹְԼŮ˱СģԭﾹȻ˸ѽ
һοƺˣŮôÿôţ֮Ҳҵˡ
Զˣ뵽ЩʤҲ˲١
ȻˣǾýȸڶľһɣˡ
֮ϲԶĿʱʶһ£˱˴е˼
һҪ군ˣЩЦҲԽĵڴһѾܾˡ


436ͻ

¸ڶľʱ򣬿˽̸ʱ򵭶ģ֪ΪΣоȻĪĻϲ
λȱưɡʱװĹԱžгŽ˹˵ǰ
ԣľ΢ͷһ˽¡
ȵĻ΢ȵĻͷԱǱ߻вٵĵģ㿴ʲôԵģҪ̫ԶˡľɳĿŽ£ղŻĮı飬ÿڼµʱͱ
ԣЦŵͷӦ
ҾҪ㣬˵;رáµ۾ʱҲԵ쳣ºͣټĴ磬һЦ顣
mܹһ磬ϾԼҵķڹԵöһ֦ҲǺ飬ǲñ˾⡣
֮ĶԻȻ˵ȴܹǿű˴˵Ŀ⡣
ʱͻȻֻꡱһܵĵƹⶼû谵

ȻòٵŮ־гϾͻȻ˶Щܲˡ
Ҳʮֻֿŵģɾ˲ͱԵ˸뻳С
ܹܵԵǶľɣһ˲е鶼ȶ
£ҡߴͳᣬм˼һƽȥ
ǾƽԼ֣жŵĺƾ֮ó˱˵ϡ
ʲô췽ôŪģʱƻ𰡣
Ͻƣǲǳʲôѽ
ˣ
ߵˣһʱ֮˶֪׷ʲô
˴ӰͳԼֻ˵ƹ⳯һۡ
ںڰ֮УʤŽ¶˵ķ˹ȥЦЦ
λӦͻȻʲôˣλһѾȥˣӦõȻܺˡ֪Ϣ֮ʤǸؿ˵һ䡣
֮˻²ۣǴ󲿷ֵҲƽϾʤݰƷõкܶ˻Ǻ
Ȼûһ֮ԭϨĴͻȻֱõģҲһ
λǲ˼ͻȻ״ҲûԤϵģʤϽ̨Ǹ˵һЩ֮󣬹Ȼõ˵ԭ£ֱ
ʱŵµ˿ȥĿϣ˵ļƻѾʼˡ
õϢ֮Ⱥҵ˽¶˵ӰŸ߸Ь첽Ǳ˳ȥ
촩һɫĳȹԭͽϺõĳеĸߵľɽǰʱ˫˿ 벻ﾹȻܹľܲúŮأþò
ϵЦʮֺÿƺ췢ìܡ
ֻǶľɿһ֮ջԼĿ⣬ʼնûʲô顣
С㣬Լ˵ͷҪŽ뿪ֻͻȻס˽µ֡
ѽҲ֪֮ǰЩԣԽµǸģ֪Сܲأ
˵ţԼеĺƱ˹ȥ֮Ѿʮԣһ֮һ֮ǰìܶȥˡ
ԭ¸߾ǵҪ￴û뵽Ȼ飬Щ飬ĿĮ˲ԸӦҪ
˼С㣬֮ǰЩ飬ѡ鲻ӦңȻ㲻úõĽĻҲûء˵ţĳ˵ͷתŶľһ뿪
ʼһ۸ˡ
û뵽ʱȻѡĴ𰸣һʱ֮ɫ˱䣬˿ʮֵߡ
Ͼǹϣںܶ¶Ҫѧͣ¶Լеʵ뷨
£ҧҧת첽뿪ովսǣ㱻һֻ˽档
ôˣ˵ЩɳƣѾ˺ܾˡ
˵ڼ仹Ů˵ʵ̫ˣȻʤ˵Ȳ˽£Ҳʮֲ
ܵʤĶЩˬڻе
Ұ첻֮ǰ֮䷢ìܣԸҺȾƣõİ취Լȥˡ
СĶʤĶʵ̫ԵˣͶ㲻
شʱʤ˶ü
ʲôûȣ
šεĵͷ뵽ղŷЩĲУǵڴأ
˻ȥɣʤɿߵĳ˳ȥѾȲˡ
ǸŮˣһҪ³


437 

ʤӽ֮ûһͿȺ֮еĽ¡
ԱЩ˴ŵͬǸŮˣֻһΪȺ֮Ϊͻ۵ģ֮⣬ͽӽġ
ʲô㹻ˣ˿һ֮󣬾Ų˫۾ˡ
״ʤԽļӾķԱȡһƣҡţŽ˹ȥ
С㣬һȱ𣿡
ʤ˵
֪ΪΣľɾȻߣҪ֪Դ翪ʼ֮󣬴ʼգľɾûýԼ̫Զ
ǸӣǻԼıһ
ڣҪȥˣ뵽ʤоһ⡣
ڽ£ڿʤʱһɻɻ˭ʱ򣬲ղŷ飬ľ֮ǰ
˵ĹϵҲ磬뵽Щ˼ЦЦ˼ҲȾơ
˵ţʤĵ˵ͷȻٲμӹᣬǲֵطȾƣȶҲǸ鷳
˵ˣĲôȾƣԼľҲ㲻ȻˣǲҪȵĺá
ֻ仰ʱʤԭЦŵɫͻȻò
ôľɵСŮѣһӶ
ЩmķˮܲãȻͶľɱǲԶˣǣܹ쵽λϣҲܹ֤ʤˣҲûô򵥡
㲻ҪˣǸѣȷ㲻֪ɣڿî˾ҪöľmȥأӣΪҪôôҵȦҵ£
Ҳû뵽ʤȻöľɵвһھơ
ǰˣавãҲʲôǵĻɫöľɵΪһ˵õʲôʧ
һε飬ڶΣе淴ǳҪ׾ٵĴӦ
Ц벻ܻһװҲѹԼĹ˾m㣬ӡϣһеĿȣȻˣҪһڵġ
ÿһ仰˵˵ĸоһ֪ĪΪ֮ԣȴ˵ʲô
µĶʤɫ΢⣬Ʊͽ£˶ʼնĴݲȡ
ӻ˲٣
״ʤŲҵģҲû˷żģ
СҲܺȵİ˵ţĿ˽һۣк֮תŷֶľɳ˹
˫ĿЩΣգƽʱĻʤһĿȥ
ǽãȻҲûǸ˼յı㳯طȥ
ĵĽ²һջԼĿ⣬һֱڿľɹʱϲЦݡ
̸ôˣѯʣ
˿۾ģЦˣÿĲС
һӣľҲģŪˣ΢һȥ˵ͷӦˡ
ͳһǽ²һˣ˵Ϣ֮˶쳣ǾͺãǾͺã
ԭ滹ΪʤЩģȴΪЩ¶˱죬һӶ֪ʲôݲźˡ
Ȼɹ˾ͺá
ղʲôʱ򣬶ߴľɵ΢΢̧ͷͿһװĶľɣѾû˷Ÿģ˿Щί
⵲סˣװӡ
б㵱ű˵Թ
ǲò˵رԶľɵһף
ѯʣ˿ҲǳԴһһӣµɫͱѽҸոջû뵽Ȼ˵һЩľܲõĻǣ
˵ţ۾еģ˿ǿɰˡ
һнľɵУĿҲøӳ
͵ƤɣǲȾˡϣ⿴һ۽еĺƱȻеĺЩġ
Ȳаգգ۾ЩӣԱЩ˵ȴ۲첻ʲôΨһܹģҲ˵Ĺϵ쳣ĺá
벻ľܲãȻǸСŮôãô˵һĽˣ
ĽʲôãбҲôÿȥ
ԱЩ˵ߴߴҲѾӦܹݲȵЩ飬෽ӦöѧϰѧϰҲֻܹĳɳ


438 ·

ۿʱѾȥ˶ڸ˵ŸԵĻǴľͻףеûô򵥵ġ
ʵ󲿷ֵ˹Ҫʱ򿴿ִܲʶһЩѣܲܳᣬһ
ֻǺٵġ
ͽᣬʵ̫ˡ
Ⱥ֮еĽĪ΢üͷܣڿԼ
΢̧ͷұ߿ȥʱδ뵽öʤĿ⡣
Ǹ˵Ŀ⣬ʵЩˡ
˻ʱ򣬲ɷǱŵˣǽŲҲԾĳ˺ü
ִżǿҵԵĿ⣬ĪĲֻǸˣ뽭¶֮ЦһֱÿŽµ˵ͷ֮󣬽Ŀĵط
Ҳһ˲䣬ѹŵǹĪĸоҲһ˲ɢ˲١
ôˣʱԱߵĶľЩɻĿû׹ôˣ
Ҳںգգ۾һ֮ҡҡͷ
û£ĪЩ˵ȥϸ³գգ۾ʾ֮󣬿첽Ų˹ȥ
ǸӣЩĶӡ
ոյ˲¿žԼһԭҪֻû뵽һ֮󣬾洫˽Ų
ƤЬڵϵ֪ΪΣûˣԽŲԵ쳣࣬
ľɣ𣿡ɻ΢΢̽ͷ濴˹ȥ
ɫʱþЩŵĳź˹ȥô㣿
ȻˣȻСΪ˭һЦţһ߳˽˵ЦݿЩаڽ³˺ü˿Щ̿֡
ҪʲôŮ¿ʤ֪鲢ûô򵥣˳ȥ
ʲôҶˣѵ𣿡ʤЦţһ߽ԼװӣǸˣʲôʱ򣬶һȽ˵ҪҲΪˣܹŵľãʱûκηأ
˵˵㣬۹ж಻ãȻϲľǸˣԼ˵˵ʲôطõģЩŮ˲䲻ȵģǲϲŮˣ⣡ҿһҲΪҪڸЩɣ
ңһܸҪģ
˵ţıԽ
˵Щһӵý뵽һϷ顣
ƨ۾ɫͨĿŲƵʤۿźûжٵطˣȥӲˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪô൥ÿŮˣǶľɵŮѣңͲ
˵Щʤ̲סЦ˸˵ĸоһرЦЦһԼĶӣѾûƽǸܲõӡ
㻹ΪľɲʲôطܹôأmҵȦ棬˵ģľɾǸƨ
˵ˣЩŮˣ󲿷ֶģһûмŮˣǰˣ
Щ˵ýһļƤЩĿʤ
ҪĿ˵һ棬Ҳ뵽ʤȴ˵ĻҪ֡
²˵ˣʤΪѾˣò׵óˣȻҪϧԼʱˡ
ֻû뵽ǣ룬ǿĲĻ棬Ųⰲϵļͷ沥ŵģʤĶԻ
ҵ죡ǰȻ֪ܲʲôö벻Ȼľܵģ
ҪҪ
ÿζûжľܲȻ֪߳ܵ˵Ļ
ˣ˵ľܲòĺ˵
Աߵ˵硣һӣԭֵøҲвŮ ʤ˵Ļ֮󣬱þ
˹ľɣĻ֮еˣɫȭͷ
˿˹ȥ
ԬҴ򣬽ҽԺ⡣ͳ̶̵һ仰ԱߵЩ˶͡
ҵȦһأǲǶľǵǰľΪľŴƴ ʱи˾Ϊ߶ľŲԸ֮ԶľɵĸʤһЩ˺Ե飬ɹˡ
֮Ǹ˾һϣͳɹڵڶ˵գЩףǶľɡ
еķ񣬾ŷɥ


439

ʱʤ֪Щ˶ܹΪȻ˵֪ܶ˶Ѿ˵Ը񣬵ǱϾû֤ݣԵܹŪ˳˳ˮ
ôţڿǽ첻Ӧеصزˣ
˵ʤŽ˹ȥ֪ᷢĻԼΪ
¼гȻ˵Ѿ֪飬״ʱлĪĽš
ۿűѾֵǽˣԵø˽۾Ϊʲôˣľɻû֣
ľɣ
һʤûôһ£洫ĴҴҽŲࡣ
ͷȥʱ򣬻ûȿ˭ͱһȭͷϣ
ʤһ˳ˤ˹ȥ
û뵽ͻȻˤһϽԱ߶˹ȥŶʤġ
ˡľͳղʱ򿴵񿴵µ飬ҲĽţĪľΡ
Ȼõʱ֮ҴҸ˹ֻû뵽Щˡ
±ڻУࡣ
ȫ³ŵζ쳣ʣһеĽѹ֣һ̶ʧ
ûУáԣ´Ӷľɻ̧ͷЦݵؿ
ڸոյһ̣ľɹʱоʮּر֣Ҳʱӵ˶ľԼеĵλ
û˼˵Ļ⣬߾ʹʤдʮֵԹ޺ŭ𣬡ðʲô˼ɲҪҵĺ£
۾ŭĿŶľ뽭ˡ
ȻѾزҲ٣ȻеǷʲô飬ԭҪýԼףû뵽ȴ˵ס
ǺưȻҶûпʤЦĿǰĶľɺͽ£˵бԽʹ
ƣ˵ģľ΢΢üԵԽ
˭˭ţͳ֮оܹʮֲá
ԱߵĽҲĪǵһοĶľɣ
ûʤȥľɱһһĳ˹ȥվʤǰͷ
ʤ
һȭͷ˹ȥô˸ոҪʤϡ
֮˱Ȼ˵ʤҵȦʮģʱȴȲ϶ľɡ
Ҫ֪ľɿѧ书ģҪѵ˭ʵһر׵顣
һУ⵽һԣ鲨Լ
ҲͻȻ
Ů˳̽ͷʱ۷׷ס
ˣˣҲס˵ΪȻ˵رϲʤܹλܲõǰһֵĻ֮ķչҲøã
Ȼ˵Ŭ֮£ǽ˸˿
ľɣҪҲֻܹ㣬ҪɵֶΣҲһĻʤ˵̰Լ飬û뵽󻹽еζƸ˶ľɺͽˡ
ô֪ղЩ飬еΪͶ˴ĻϣǶľɶ֪еĻΧ۵Щ˶Ѿ
ܣ˵⻰Ͳ˰ɣ
ղЩ飬ǿɿأ
һԱЩ˶ü˶ẦʤͶľ˻кܶǵĹ˾Ĺ˾ҲЩܲʱ˵Ȩ
һʱ֮ʤıþЩеļ֮ͲµеǸʲô
ľɣģ۾ûƽǸܷܷӵܲ
鱾Ҫ˵Ļ˵󲻴˵ССģϾһϵʵر׵顣
ƫƫ鷢ڶľɺͽϣͱ
벻ЩôսթȻַƭң
Ϊʤ⼸仰Ա۵Ǵ඼ڿʤΪϾǿȽµʱÿһÿһ仰ģǶľͻȻ֣֪»γʲô顣
ʤЩ黹Ϊǲ֪ǱѾȥˣǸҩȥĹԱҲҵˡ˵ڿʤʱԵЩŭ
Ϊܲþû˸𣿡Ŀ


440»

֮ûãȻоʤץ
ղ˵˲Ļ֮󣬷·˶
ȴûһţЩı飬Ȼû
״ԵЩţʱͻȻľץס֣İɣܹ
mܲѽʶнĶܶ࣬Ҫʵʲôѵ顣գգ۾ΪܶʵĶϲᱧ̫ϣ
ҲˡľЦĿֱֱضŲԶʤǸ˵ĿʮֵĲ񣬿֪еЩʲô
ľɣΪܴʵ̫ˣҪm˵㡣
ľֻջԼĿ⣬ʲôûзһ
ʤߵʱ򣬽µֱ߶ľɽץŷţûõʱѴԼЩ飬ŷԼȻ˸ˡ
ȥľջԼĿ⣬ڼ⿴Ⱥ֮еļˣ˵ͷֱ뿪
ھߣ֮Ӧô
ֻҪԹԵģһġ
ľɵȣôһ䣬ѾеһУ⡣
ľ˵ЩĽһӰӺܾÿʼ֮Ĺϵˡ
˵¹Ȼûж̫ģ췢Ѿ㹻ƣˣ벻طûж죬ȻѾô顣
Ⱥò׻ʱ򣬲Ҫ˽
˵ԬѾӹڹˣΪľǰľɽǰҪԵ顣
Ԭڰ칫Ԭ³˵һ䣬ոնľɽѾȥˣЩɫҴҵģ֪ʲô
ԣԬӵĻǰ̧ͷɻѯʵɩӣʲôڵĹ΢еæʲôҪĻ˵Ҳûɣ
ԬԵЩΡ
˵ģҲ飬ȷЩ鷳ϾʤmôãһʵûС
ҪĻһô׵顣
Ҿ췢飬㿴ʲô˵ģ
ϢûʱܣϢˣҲ˽˽΢΢ЦţԵʮֵº͡
⼸˼Ҳƽʱ뵽ǰЩ飬žԼ鵽жôĺͿ
ʤʵûôѶԸ
ϣ˵Щ֮Ц˳
ܲ˵ر׵ġ˵ʱԬ˵ı鶼ҲͷϵĹ
ǸνܣʤͦģʵmЩܲûмϲģһܹ򵹵Ļ˻Ǿÿء
˵ˣ濴ܲmʵ㲻رѾϵ˼λܲúڵĹϵǺܲġ
˵ھڰû
Ԭ˵ģΪҲرĸˣܰʤܲøĻľɿԴŶľţmߵҲԽԽá
֮ǰʹ˽һЩԶⷽ鶼׵ġ
ԭߵʮֲʤԶľţ๫˾ľźҲΪ˷չٶȲһͣ͡
Ҳռ˾һĵط
ղųȥΪʲô飿һΪûȽ°˵꣬ԬıͱЩ
ܲûΪǵ飬Ͼںĺǹ˾ܶһŬĽ
ҪΪ˹˾Щ˵ŬܲҲô࣬һӰΪԼ˭ˣ
˵ʱϣԵЩϾ⼸Ǳߵ̬һֱرģ
ȻǸ˻ǻľɺԬ˼棬ǲʲôʱ򣬱ֳ̬ҲǷǳĲͬ⡣
û뵽æȻֻΪǸˣԬ˵ģʹôһ£ͶľһˣҲܹ˼
ֻΪԼĻҲôӡ
ڹڹ˾ܶ˵ŬϣΪǵԵûгɹĻڹ˾Щ˵ǲƽĴ
нչ𣿡̽Եѯһ䡣
ڿԬıʱ򣬾ʹŲµе
Ǳ߰˵ҪͶľһ𣬲ſԴӦ飬˵ôأŮҲīģԬҧҧ˿Щߣ⼸Ǳߵ̬һֱر𲻺õģҪ֪Ԭرĵһˡ


441ƻ

ľǱΪԭ췱æļûͣŵʱ򣬽µȻʮΣϾʼΪġ
һǴ˲٣ٸһȥԼ
Ҫı֮ǰļƻʵһرѵ飬ϾǸŮǸʲôԸҲŵĶЩӴˡ
ȶľɻ׷˹ȥ
ôˣգգ۾Щ
֮ǰһľɿһۣ档
Ľ뻳Уɳϡ
㲻ùˣǸŮȦôã˵ʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰĿһιƽ»Ҫѵһ١
ԣգգ۾˼һ̧֮ͷĿ
˵ɲԴӦҪ󣿡ĿŶľɣ˵ʱҲʮֵ档
ֻ仰ĶľͻȻüͷסͣӺܲԸ˵Ǿ仰
㾹ȻΪһССӰԸҸˣľĿ˵ˣ飬Ӧĵ飬û뵽СѾͷȻĲ¡
ǰĽӣ˼ջԼ֡
ҲǸ˼ǱϴӦǺ֮һвҪǵ𣿡ЦݵĿŶľɡ
˺ܾ֮һϾôˣǱԸӦĻҲӦôӦˣ״򲻶ĸûһ뷨
˿˶ľɴӦҪĻǲܵ顣
ľ仰ʱ鶼˱仯
֪ľǲԸõġ
ԸһˣԸΪκ˻κﱻĸıԼίԼ
ҲΪˣܹľűӡ
ȻѾΪ˹˾Щ˵ίȫΨһİ취ˡ
֪֮Իֵ񣬶Ϊ˾ЩԱŬȻ˵Ļǿһԣ
ʵ֪ģ˵ոǸ뷨ʱ򣬶ľɾѾˣôõġ
ַ˵ֱåΪ
ԭ飬ǸһѵҲ֡
ԣľ˼һ֮ҡҡͷ
ϲ𣿡ľȤĿŽ£ڽ¸ո˵ЩʱıϾͿе뷨
ǸӾΪҪԼһ㣬ܹ˵ĻľҲ˷˷ǳ˼ġ
СѾͷȻԼԸ飬ûҪǿԼղŵ˵ҵ뵽һ취
ʲô취
Ȼľɿ˼ĪЩȣϣĻܹ⡣
ľ˵Щ֮󣬽۷ŹĿܹķĻǵȻòˡ
״ľɵıĳ磬Ȼ֪ĻҲ㡣
ҵ˽⡭
֮ľɽе뷨˽£û뵽õ˵һͬ⣬ȻǵĿԱ߹Ԭϡ
ǿʲôǸܵʲôΣգԬֵĿˡ
ԼܲҲͰˣΪʲôƽʱɰĽҲӣһʱ֮ԬЩ벻ס
⼸ǵˣȻ˵ʤǱߵûгɹڽڻֵַڶľߴţóľһ˼Ҫ£ȥľš
ҲΪץסľɵһѱ
㣬ľǱôˣոһ־Ƭĵ˾˺ǰ
ϻŷҪױʮ־£ҲԵ쳣ĺÿ
Ҫ֪ȦȦӺÿʤҲΪҪдȥʵرѣΪӰòȦ㹻ڣҾڵĳࡣ
߼ӣҵܹλõԭ
ĶҲЦ⣬ոǱ߶˹Ҫ̸ҷܹȥˡ
Ҹ˵ľżȻ׳֦һ£ҲһֱִȥҪ֪ûбȶľŸʺ㷢չˡ
ǵ۽粻ֻmܹչĹȥˣƷŻиõĸ˵
ֽ죬ּ򵥣ҲͨȺﶼϲһ֣Ϊ˵רҵеġܶӰۣӰġ
ҲΪˣȦǷˮ𣬺ܶǶأ
ͷϵԴһˮĺá


442żǸ

˵Щ֮˱Խĵû
Ȼ벻ľɻһôִѽһΪҾܾ˼֮ҪתĿأ
㣬ͷİɣаյġЦЦ
˵ģҲͷӦˣȻ˵Щ˰ɣҵ滹ʮֲġ
ȦĺܶףصأصĲأʱЩԼСԸ񣬺Ҳܹܵġ
ˣһţո¼ӵģ˵ȥSm˾ǱߵһһƬ¾Ͳȥˣʱ֮ǰǼԱһȥ
˵ģڴӦһЩҵ飬߲ܵġ
˵Լ˾sm˾ԭرõĽ飬ǾܾˣҲûκεô
֮Ի࣬˵䲻ģΪ̫ˣҪôߵλãۿЩʹ׳֦ҲǱֱӾܾˡ
ȦҪӵŬܹȵЩˡ
ۿʱĹȥһæ֮͵磬պİţѾгˡ
С𣿡ʱͻȻһ˿Ķŵģһ˿۾ԵԽţһɫװġ
Ǽ˺ܶ˵ڿ˵ʱ򣬻΢Щ͡
ʵòûзǳÿȦЩ˵ġ
ϾͶľɱĻࡣ
ڵһ˿ʱ򣬻ĪЩޡ
ǣЩɻĿˣsm˾Ҳȥ˺üˣǴûмˡ
sm˾ʵϰ챻˾ɹӴС㣬ǲ֪᲻еطð㡣ЦЦ
ƽʱЩӴˣʵ󲿷ֶϲƨ˵Ļģû뵽˵ŽӴĻǵǸû˼
˵ģδԡ
ŵЩ˲Ӧ
֮ԸܹȦΪ˲ʲô£ֻҪǲϲͻ
ҲΪ˻ǵܶˣ¹˾ҲԸ
˳֮ûκεĽż˻˵仰۵Ķǹ顣
С㣬ˡԼ֪Ϊʲôһ·ϾȻĹע˵״һֱߴ˹ԱŷӦѾsm˾ܲˡ
³֮󣬱㵽һߣߵĳš
³ɡ
ԣ˵ͷŸ߸Ь˳вٷ˿е˾Щ˴ʼնϲǻװĽǵ͸¶ȥЩ˿ĺ䶯
ֱͦ壬ÿһߵʮ㣬һװܹһĸо
ȺеĽ¿ӰҲһͻȻ׹ΪӰܹ֮ߵλԼصġ
sm˾֮󣬹ݻǺһһÿĵǼôһˡ
ʲô֣Ͼ֮࣬װؿǸŽ˿߿۾ˡ
ԣתͷҰҽԬ
ոsm˾С㲻֪Ҳġϣĵ˵ͷ
˴ʼնֵӦеľ롣
˵ģĵ˵ͷҪ˽ĸҲķ
ϾӰأ
С㣬ùˡţ˺ǱߵĹԱЭһ֮󣬴Цתصǰ
áӦ˹ȥ
ȻҲܿԭˣת֮ͻȻίı顣
ܲúɩӵǸһ񰡣Ȼɫջˣ
µˣԺԬ֪ʲôӣô찡
Ѿʼ˽Ĺˡ
һǸһƹ˾Ĺ棬ҪĹʵͦģһƷƵãںܶƷƶʹõһַֹ
һεĹ͸йϵ
С㣬ȻѾ֪ˣŸϰһ£ǾͿʼɡЦ˵˵ı鿴Щֺá
ЩµĲĹ˾
Ҫ֪ܰһԸ°Ůλã֪Ĺ˾ж
ԣӦ˵ԸһˣԼҪܵĻķܡ
鿴ǲٵҲûжκʾ


443Σ

񼸸˳ЩԱĽ㣬˵עǵϡ
С㣬ȻǵʱеߣԼעһ㰡ҪСģԱйԱ˵Ͼ黹ЩΣյģڵǷ棬ļҲʮڳʲô⡣
ԣתͷص˵ͷⷽûʲôúµġ
Sm˾ЩС˾Ӧѧϰһ˵ƷʣȦһһˣҲΪˣʵر𿴲Щˡ
ûлѶپܹҲһỨѶپʹϵȥʵһر򵥵顣
󣬼˾Ϳʼ
ƷһҷװƷƣԴͷβЩϴŵĶǷװƷ·
һ˾ССְԱԱǹ˾İԵܲãǳ׵ľ顣
ܲܵջ֮󣬲ᴩΪ˱Ķ󣬵ûз֮ȥ磬һֱɹϮҴ˰Եܲá
ȻףЩ滹Ƿǳõġ
ںһϷԼ˸ߴ̸ۼ֮ĸ⣬ڲ֮䱻ȥһ顣
ʵر˵ģϾ˶ϷǱҲõӡ
벻㻹ѽŮЦݵ˳˸˵ĸоЩĪա
ԣһֱͻȻתͷ
Ϊ£˵ĴѾǰڵ΢ǺĿ껹Զ
ôΪʲôҲҾӦò㣬Ȼҡ
˵ݼǲ˶óݼ˶Եø߳ࡣ
ÿһȥΪܹݼ̿ϵġ
ҲΪı£ܹȦ쵽ĵλ
ԱߵԬ˶Ϸһ˫۾΢΢Уеʮָӡ
ͻȻֻ΢΢𶯣óֻ˿еݡ
ôСԬڵôˣǶľɵĵ绰ĶţǿеݣԬоˣӦǽֻ͹ġ
ڿŵʱԭȻͻȻһЩҪĺۼ
ɩ㻹˼˵ȻĻ˵飬ԬԭЩǰҪľɵĹ˾ǷǳĽľţÿζΪ˶ľɵе
һĺˣû뵽ľɸŽ֮˶ѧˡ
Ϣ̧֮ͷ˵ıԵһĵȻǶľɺsm˾ϵõĻҲû취뵽ط
յ˶ŵĽ£ڿݵʱ̲סЦЦĿԱߵˡ
뵽һð취ӦԬѧѧⷽ˵ʱҵһŮأ͵ЦţǰͲһˡ
ѾǰǸεӣĽ˶ԵЩС
ԣԱ߿ŵ湤ݵĶľɣͻȻתͷĿͷ
ʱƻҪԹˡľɻ˵˶ԵЩݲȡ
ģֻҪԹԵҵģҾ۸㡣
С
ԣûط˸ۣתĿ˳档
sm˾ţʹ㿴Ȼʲôء
ҲΪˣûпľתͷ֮΢΢ŵЦ⡣
ܹµԽԽãҲʮֿĵġ
㲻Ҫˣǰ˻ǹ۵ģ벻㾹Ȼ飬ҵˣֳŭĿǰŮ䣬˴ƽļһ˲顣
ڳЩ˶þԵЩͻأпʼ̾˵ݼĺá
ۣ㿴еӣǧҪң˵ˣһпɶȡģ
Ѳ㶼ΪЩ˻ϲ𣿿ƽʱĶЩʲôͱȲһ֡
ŮԽļһһƽҲ֮Σվͻᷢ
ˣ⼸ĺãǰ׷ˣһ˵ţŮ˹ȥҲʱŮͻȻƿ
ȥɣһ
֮ľļ˹ȥŮҲû뵽Ǹ¥˳˹ȥһӱ˸¥
ȻʵһжǼٵģ¥ҲҪpģﲻһ׶ĻҲЩΣա


444Ӣ۾

ʱʵǻýŵģϾȥĸоһʮֵĲá
ټеĶǿźȥܵδ֪֪ķչǻòʣΪһϷ˵ѾֲˣԴʼԼݼʵĺķչ
ɾʱͻȻ˲Ծĵطһɫ쳣ı仯
Ծ
ΪǵȻڼС
ͻȻ֮ѣг˳漱ĵȥ
һ˲䷢״Աһֱ鷢չĹԱҲû뵽ʱȻᷢ顣
ҵ죬ô
أҪˤ˿ôźð
һԱߵ״ûȻйԱܹȥǿʵЩˡ
Ҿ˶ΪһˤضҪҽԺʱͻȻӽһӰһװŽ˿߿۾˸һŵĸо
˭Ҳû뵽Ǹ˾ȻٵĳȻһѽס˽Ҫڵϵ
֪Ȼ㲻϶صǴӸߴĳһرܹ˵ĶǴʼ˵Ͼûһı仯ʮء
С㣬û°ɣ
һʱ֮Աе˾Ȼ֪ӦǺá
˻еҲǽ۾ڸոոܵǶѵʱ;Լһ군ˡ
Ҳû뵽ĲǱʹĸоȵһůĻ
ҲԸţһֱȺһ֮˵֮Ż۾
Ŀԣڿ˭ʱоȻЩĪɬҪ
Ͻ˻г
ô㣿
ԭֻ͵ǿģƺı仯
飬Ҳû̫͹ˡԬ˵Ǵĸ濴ûһ㱧뷨ӡ
ӾǵҪ˼
һʱ֮䷴Щ˼ˣڸոлţǲǹķȡע⣬ڿӦòġ
ллл뵽ЩЩ˼ĳ˵ͷתŭĿЩĹԱ
Щ˵ôİ˵Ƕһ£浽ǲǰȫҳʲô飬ôأŭĿǡ
ʱˣЩԱ߻Щء
ǰˣҲԬ֪ʲôأ
ʱһӷʲô飬֪ŬôãɶΪһ¹ȫ׷ˡ
Լȫ棬ʵһֱرӵġһֱһ仰Сɽڣûա
˵ЩЩԱҲ˵ĸϽΧ˹µģַܵ˺
㣬ӦûʲôɣҪҪȥҽԺһѽ
ǰǰʱԬǷӦ죬ҪȻǶ֪׷ʲôأ
һԱߵ˶ʼԬķӦٶȡ
ЩﻹûиոԬһΪĺá
ˣЩ˵ھͿʼˣ
ʱ˼ҴҵĽŲĿ⿴ԶͿsmıҴææ˹
С㣬û°ɣСҲ֪Ϊʲôᷢ
ǸĿĴȥĻ֪ᷢʲô顣
ԣһsm˾ԼĹ˾ϵرãܹȦֱ׳ģҲΪԼ˾
ССĽĻǾûҪ̫ࡣ
ˣҲ׷ģҪллĻҲҪллǹ˾ԱѸٵĻҳʲô飬һǵġû˵
Ÿ߸ЬԱ˹ȥڵϡ
ǿԬsm˾ĹԱķϣʱѾŭ뿪ˡ
Ͻİɣ滹ʲôҵϷݴһҵʱܽţҾҪˡ˵ֻĿⴥԬʱԵЩӡ
û뵽ǸʱȻҲڿ
ֻڶ֮ͻȻŲĿ⣬ʲôûзһ
Ǹ˵ʲôĿģʲôĿĶûУһʱ֮ҲЩ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôǸ˵һһȻоЩںˣһرֵĸоûӵйĸо
뵽ĪЩҡ


445еĲ

֮Ϊ飬Ľȶӿ˺ܶ࣬ûһϷݾѾȫˡ
С㣬Ĳ˼ҵʱȥ˾ǵǸģˡԭھĵ֮󶼼Ҵҵĸ˹֪Щ˶ӵΣ
ԣѹסԼеķŭǲ֪Ϊʲôԭ˵ǲܵģȻҲûôҪˡ
ΪҪˣĪľЩѹ֣Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ûû£ͲҪһֱ˵ˡЩͷİ˰֣濴˹ȥ
ʱҲӦ뿪ˡ
ֻǿ˼ûУԱԱ̽Եʵ㣬ǲӦûȥˣ
ղź˵ˣǱ߻Ҫأ
ԣ΢Щͣһ֮΢΢˵ͷֻǲ֪Ϊʲô뿪ĻоȻЩԸ
߰ɡ˼һ֮󣬻ǳ˳ȥ
һֱϳ뿪ûתٿǸŽ˿߿۾ˡ
ֻû뵽ǣ뿪֮Ǹһ
ˣˡԬһת治Զ˹ȥһɫ˹˹ôһ۾֪еݵˡ
ϳ֮ԬίĿǰŵˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣɻ̸˵أϰܲѽԬһ뵽žЩ飬;ȫܡ
ǸŮʵ̫ѶԸˣҪȻҲڵز
ԣ¿һۣûסЦ
ҿĵͦɹģ㿴ûУոߵʱ򻹻ͷһأֻ͵͵ģҲûע⡣Ц˵֮жڿЦ˼
ֻǿԬǿһҲû˼ȥЦˡ
ɩӣǧҪҿЦˣȥҹҪˡ
ǿɲУˣ湫˾һ¡Ц˵
ľɱ֮ǰĿ׶ˣҲҪԼװ뿪
ΨһҪʧһģҲԬˡ
ֺ¾Ͳұ𣿡Ԭһ˵
ʱԱһԲĶľͻȻ˵˵ʮࡣ
һ䣬ԬеԹֻ¶ȥΪ֪Լܲ˵Ǿ޷ġ
ϣֻίĴӦ
ۿŶľɽѾһӳϾȻû˵ˡ
һ֮ԬҧҧǽԼеɻ˵˳
ܲãҪȥĶ
ΪҪȥˣǿŶľɵ̣Ͳ￪ӡ
ԣתͷһۡ
ԭƵıȻЦе˵ûһأȻҪȥˡ
ԣԬϵıӾȱɻںޣԭΪһˣû뵽澹Ȼ
ʱ˹˹ͣ˾档
˿첽˽ȥڽµĿⶼϡ
ţϵľɳ˵
ڷֻ֮ߵĽ̽Եѯһ䡣
ѾԼ𣿡
ԣľ˵ͷ
󽫽§뻳УԵ쳣ᡣ
š
߰ɡ
˿ģֻŵԬǿһ鵽ζʲô
ܲãҲ̫˰ɣЩ黹ǰ
ں޲͵͵ߣ⾭ҪЩ顣
ǶľߵЩ鶼ûκΰ취ӱܵġ
ľܣæһСæҵȻ԰ˣֻҿһ䣬ΪʲôҪ𣿡ܲЦ˵
ԣľ΢΢̧ͷѾƽʼնûκεı仯ƽҵȦǸ
⣬ܲҲӦ֪һġľɵͳĪľ
ԱߵĽһֱڶһӾȻŲ۾
öľ˵ǸܲЦۿŶľҪĹ˾ȥ
ڱϵĻǸЦˣɴ˼ãҲŹһ£˻Щµġ
ľܲõ˼ҵȻˣ˵ˣ⼸ææµµ˺ܾðôţûκεĽ𣿡ܲЦ˵
ֱӽˣľҲ⣬˵ͷ
ȻѾ֪ΪʲôҲͿżɽơ
ϣľתͷ۽£ĮĿ֮º


446 Ůѹֵĸܲ

֮ľɱ㽫е뷨˵˳ȻһǸܲЦҡҡͷ鿴ЩѲ⡣
ľܲӦ֪ģںܶʱ̬ȶȽǿӲЩҲԸܣǹ˾һֱرάģҲӦÿóǹ˾Ӱɣ
ҽĿֻҪ˵㹫˾
ľ΢΢̧ͷ˵
зִ磬Բǰ˳ԼһأҵȦ˶һЩ˾
֪ľܹľĵزһ˾֮е˾
ȻǸܲ仰֮ɫ΢Щı仯
ľܲã
һ̸֮ͬոսһ첽˳ȥ
ǰ˱黹ǿһֱ˿Ǹ˵ʱı飬ǳ˲ٿϵӡ
ܲãҪ𣿡
ԬĿǣоǱڼĺһ
Ҫ֪һ֮ǰͲʱmҪľɹ̬ȣǳԹίȫģҲ̫ˡ
˵ſڣתЦݵĿԬԹԵɹˣǻġ
˵֮س˰֣ûȶľ˵һ仰˱ת˳ҲǵĿˡ
Ψվڹ˾ſڵˣһؿѾ˺ڵĳ
ֻίתŹ˾˽ȥ
Ҳֻˡ
ڳϵĽϻЦݣ뵽ϰǸίӣĪľʹ졣
ȥĶѽﶢ𣿡濪Ķľɣµжů֪Ϊߣʲô鶼İȫС
ȥĶԣľɽǶһۣҲ
ɺƽʱ̫࣬ǽ»Щϰ
пմȥ棬ȥ棿ˣƽʱûл֣ûʲôģm֮ûй֡ľЦ˵˿ʮƽ͡
һʱ֮俴µоȻЩ⣬ĶľɲǶľŵܲá
һͨͥˡ
ôˣѵӣľЦѯʡ
ʱ̫æˣһֱûʱ㣬ڳˣ档
ϣԴӦųҵֹȥԽԽߣܾͱԽ³ų濴˹ȥܹС£ѼһЦֵģʮֺг
ֻû뵽ûһ֮󣬳Ӿͣ
״΢ɻתͷһԵĶľɡ
³
ϣľɴӳȥƵһߣ˽µĳţķ
һֱ񣬽µ鶼ЩûзӦ
ھ³Ͼݲһ㣬ʱϳô죿
Ȼ˵ͶľһһҵߣΪڶľ˵ʵһرѵ飬ϾΪľܲãľһ˾ױϳġ
ǿ˽µ˼ľεЦЦôΪҲ𣿲ֶѣǱϳܹô
ϣֱץס˽µ֣˳֮˳ҵ˹ȥ
Ȼʮ֣·ԵģЩʤ1¥2¥״
1¥ﻹʮ֡
ЩµüǰһĶ棬ټϺ˵Ĺϵʵǳо룬Ϊ˼ûһȥֹ
һһĶԼǰЩ棬˵ҲûκεʱЩ飬ԼҲû뵽һmܹͶľһ֡
ԭǿɼ飬ͻȻʵˣǷ˭϶Щȡ
벻ܸһָ֣оͦõġЦ˵תͷһ۶ľɣҲǴŵЦݣԵ쳣ºͣƽǸĮܲԶ
ԣ΢΢ͷǰĽ£ĳ磬Цŵ˵ͷ
ȻϲĻԺһ棬ֻʱйҲϣܹ½⡣
˵֮Ψһһ٣Ҳƺһȫɢ
ֻΨһһܵԽԽЩ˵ĿⶼϣϾֿŮԭڴϾ㹻Ŀģľܲ˵ݣʵںܶ涼ܹ
ǿ쿴Ǹ˲ϵĶľܲ벻ôǮ˻ѽ


447Ů

ǲ֪𣿶ľܲmأ
ЩָۣµĪЩζ˲ɢĻҲᷢô顣
Ǹܵߵ̫Ծľץ֣ԽĽ
ҪЩ˵ʲôõģ˵ȥԼԼġ
ϣܿһۣƺڷΧʲôʵĵط
ֻû뵽ǣûҵһҪȥĵ̣ܵ˾ͱԽԽ
ۿȥѾӰֵ״һʱ֮佭µıҲЩ
ʲôģԴľɵ˶֮󣬽գգ۾ƺЩᡣ
ΪЩ˵Χۣʵ֮ԻҲġ
ϾͻȻ֮ϵ˵ǰ˭жЩӦ
ʵûκε飬ȥѡԼϲĶˡ
ˮѾˣ˼ľԴ˵Ŀⶼ쳣ů硣
ֻĿͱתͷ˵ʱֱƽڵ濴Ǹӡ
ǣҪüͷ΢
Щ˿ڶ˵Ƕľŵܲðˣֻû뵽ǣʱȻҲ
ľܲãǿϲˣǾڵϿأ
ǰǰΪʲôʱܸǴһ¾̵ľ鰡
ԣľϵ鵭Ȼ΢΢ͣһ֮ˣǵ˵ͷ
ڸλϲҷǳлǽҴԼŮѳ֣ϣλҪɧ
˵֮ջԼĿ⣬֮ѾʮˣԼǣŵľŮѡ
Ͼڹ⣬кܶ˲֪ľŵĶľܲѾŮѣŮѻǹ˾ϯʦ
ڸոգܹ۽ºͶľ˵Ĺϵ
ľ˵ⷬ˵ԱߵЩǸʲô뷨ĽеζЩ֡
û뵽ڶľɿԼݵĴʱ򣬸оȻ֣ǲɷϵһǣƺǳϲ
һʱ֮䣬΢΢ͷ˵鶼ԵЩ
˵ĻԱЩ˵쳣ԡ
ȻľܲҪŮѣʱҲʺϴǾסľܲúŮĿģˡ
ǰǰŮֲǹʱҲӰѽ
ֻû뵽ľܲӢ˧ΣеˣȻѾŮˣ
ϲôõأ
ԱЩһţһߴЦ⣬˹ȥ
ûһܾ֮Ѿûжˡ
벻ķ˿һЩôǵˣЩһ뿪£ܻԼĿ⣬΢΢̧ͷЦĿŶľɡ
ԣľϵ鲢ûκεı仯ϸ۲Ļܿ˫ӣڿµʱͻ
ڿԺúùˡ̶̵һ仰ѾһУ˿ľɷһУΪԼܹһúõĹ֡
˽Щ֮󣬽µоøӵůЦŵ˵ͷǵȻ
ɱ˵һ˵ҵĶӾͿʼˣһһֱǱߵҲûܳԶٶҪȻȿʲôóԵģ
Ц˵ȻľǸ⣬Ϊ˺һ֣ôŲأ
֮ĸҲ˵飬һʼգж׵ġ
֮˲ٵĵط඼ǸСԳһ顣
ѾŲٵĶˡ
ôó𣿡ľЦĿԵĽ£һһСһ㡣
ԣĵ˵ͷ۾ģʮֿɰ
ԺǻҪһ棬ĸоʵ̫ˣ
Ҳû˴ˣָоʵ̫á
ľɲûлӦ飬ܿһ£һ֮ͻȻջԼĿ⣬Ѿ뵽ʲô
תͷµʱڳϵĶ
Ҵȥط
ϣŻûһڵĽ³һȥ
ȥĶѽ
ǰĶľɲûдش˼ԵЩء
һ֮һտһЩĵطѾϰԱЩ˵Ŀ⳯Ͷ˴˵ֻб˴ĸоǳĺá
ͻȻ֮䱻ľɸס۾ȥһطȻ֪ˡ
ϣŽ»ĳһ˹ȥҲ֪ʲôֻܸķߡ


448Ưȹ

𣿡Ϊ֪ľɻԼȥԵµҲʮֵڴ
ѯ˺ü֮ǵõ˻Ӧ
طˡ
ͻȻߴ˵ͳдԣôţýЩĪɬ΢΢ͷȻ
۾ĽͻȻоǰй͸΢΢۾Ϊۣգգ۾
һʱӦſΧǸʲô
öƯȹӰȵĿΧȻ˵ղкܶĲ룬Χʱ򣬻Ǿرľȡ
Ҳû뵽ΧȻһһÿȹӡ
֮ǰһЩȹӶƽʱܹģһһʮ־ºÿ
ƽʱûп㴩ʲôȹӣղſҵʹôûкÿȹӣ˵ģ
ľһ˵һ߳˽ȥܿá
ԱҲ֪ľǸʲôݣʱԱ߽ܣϾһԲһһġ
Ȼڴſһ֮󣬶ľָ˼ȹӣԱߵĹԱ⼸ȹӶС룬ԡ
֮󣬽ʵʵڵ˲ȹӣҲһѵĶ
㶼ǮˣЩ˼ĿԱߵĶľɣǲɷϣʮֿĵġ
ܵеϲãľεҡҡͷﶼĳ硣
Ҳ֪ԬǱ񵽵ǸʲôСó˴ӣſһеȹ֮󣬻ϲ̵ЦЦ
ջԼĿ⣬뵽ԬǱߵ飬ĥһ£ϾǱߵ黹ǱȽҪĵط
ϢͺáľЦ˵Ŀȫ˿ϡ
Ԭˮ֮С
ոյ˹˾֮ΪԵȻһЩûѾʼ˹˾湤ݡ
˵ûһȥsm˾ܵίأ
ոæǱߵ飬͸ģⶼæһˣ
ѽҪԼŬģҪȻ֪ж࣡
ԱЩ۵һ֮ջԼĿ⡣
ھϣܹҪȻ֪ҪϵʲôʱܹЩ⡣
ˣˣ
ʱͻȻ˼Ȼһӱðܹף˾ӦûЩģŹ˾ܲöϲƽ۸ˣҲûκ˸÷
ԬҲĪЩңһ֮͵
ܿһ֮ƫƧĵط˹ȥ
æһ֮ʵѾЩƣˣǲ֪ΪʲôĪЩᣬƺΪʲôȴ˵Ϊʲô
㣬㣡ʱͻȻ˹Ա΢Щż
ԣüͷھѾƣˣЩ˲ߴߴ;Խķꡣ
ѽڻʲôҪѽż˵
㿴ǰǸˣǲǿʼsm˾Ǹأ
ǸԱ۷Ź⣬ǰ治Զ˹ȥ
ԣϽתͷ˹ȥҲ֪ԼΪʲô֪ܹǸ˵ʱоȻʮϲá
ȻȥʱͿǸ˵ĴڣһװŽ˿߿۾ƺæʲôʮ档
ôˣ
㣬sm˾ʲôǹ˾һɣҲӦòʲô£ҿǸ˻ͦõһˡĹԱĥţֻǻûзӦʱȻǸ˹ȥ
ôǹ˾ˣոյԬߵʱԬѾܵĴڣǻǼװûпģ
˵ʱ򣬲żװոշӦ΢ȵתͷǰ
sm˾͹˾һҾΪԱѧϰġڿʱԵЩ˹İģǲɷϵʵǺܺÿ
Ǽܶ˧ʱǿƲסĳ
һ֮ͻȻӦȻ΢˵ͷ
ʲôԽĻҡ
ϣתͷ˳ȥ
һֱתʱûзӦոԼ˵ʲôֻǾЩȡ
Ȼһ֮Լ첽Զ˹ȥ
ҵģҪòſѽ뿪ӰԬԵЩȥ֪Ҫ˷Ѷõʱ䡣
ؼңؼңû˷ֵʱԬľɷһţ֮Ѿʮˡ


449²һ

֮ƺܹںܶطԬӰ
ʼûںЩֻۿÿÿ춼ܹǸˣв֪Ϊʲô˲һ㺡
㣬ⲿϷǣʲôҪıĵط˵һ£ҵʱ;鹵ͨԬ˵߶Ű˾飬ûһǮãֱѵͶ
ûʲôˣҲ°ࡣʱߴԬע˻
ԣԬĵ˵ͷӦһ֮󣬽ǰĵʰ
춼ûôæǻû°𣿡
ûУҲ°ˡһԼֱҪԬһͬ˳ȥʵ͵°ʱ䣬ֻǲ֪ΪʲôڿԬԼʱ򣬾ͿƲסͣ˽ŲԸһЩ顣
ԬϻװһӣʵҲǴ˽ġ
һ˳ȥ˸߸ЬԬ߻Եøһء
ȵſԬתͷ㣬ļģҪ𣿡
Ԭ˵
ԣתͷһԬԭҪĿпеʲôֻ񣬾Ȼһ뷨ûС
ˣҿˡЦ˵
Լ˵еָоƺЩʧ䣬ϣԼܾҪԬԼؼҵĸо
֮⣬ֻҪԬǰеַŭȫйˡ
˵ģԬ˵ͷӦԭҪ˺úദܲԼĸߣĻٿȥˣĥ
ֻϣã
ȥɡ
ϣԬתҪ뿪һϲĸоûУЩ񣬱Ͼ֮ǰǸ˵̬ȼֱǰѱǿ׳·ġ
ɾʱͻȻƺЩżȵȣ
ôˣԬüͷ΢ȴת˲䣬ֱƽ
黹öл㣬ҪȻȱȰɣڹ˾Ц˵˵ıԵЩȡ
жЩڣ˵⣬Ԭܾ˿ôãȻ˵ʶʱ䲻ܹܵԬûһ㲻Ե˼
û뵽ǣǰԬ΢΢һ֮ЦĵͷӦ
ӰҺһȣڱ϶ҪĽˡϣߣſȹ˳ȥһȻĪľþޡ
ԬŵǾ仰ûлظǰ濴ȥ˲֪Щʲô
һ֮ԱߵˣʼĿⶼûôԼϣһɾ͸ȻһĪĴܸС
أ㱻һȿкܿ𣿡ЩСƺǳҪ֪Ԭ뷨
˵Ԭգգ۾Цҡҡͷ
ܹչԼʵ뷨ĻһۣᷭеĸǰҸͲмںһȿȣԶԶ㣬Ϊ˹˾ǲԼɫģ
һЩ˵Ķܹ˵ڣֻܾ̣ȻһЦݡ
Ȼ˵ǹ˾ǣǹ˾ĺˣҲǹ˾һԱϣǶܹΪѣִƨġϣԬǰ˹ȥ˵ı鿴Щ䣬ȻԱߵס
Ҫ֪һеͻظԵġ
Ԭ֮ǰľɾ˽һ¹ϲãŮ˽Ȧ֮쳣ĸɾʷҲûС
֮յĴٺ٣Լеʱ䶼Ϸ棬ҲΪЩر˽˵Ը
ڶľɵŬ֮£֮ǵȫԭȦߵĺܣҲΪѼ֮١
мѣҲǿҪҲܹõ˾ŵˣ֮Ǳ봵ĹԱˡ
ÿ˶ԼѴطһֱŵѴɡ
ҲΪԬشЩ֮ıҲЩ仯ջԼĿ⣬Ԭſȹ˹ȥ
˿ȹ֮˸Եһȣ
ԭֻŽܹ죬û뵽ԬȻǸ̸ˣ֮Цúϲ£죬ҲԽĳ
ҵû뵽˾ȻһвŻˡ


450Ľչ

֪˴˵˶ãۿҹԽԽлʮ֡
ȥɣϾ治ȫ̫ģҲзǷ֮롣Ԭüͷܿһ֮ЩǵĿԵ
ԣԭ仰ڱӦʮģܹһ˾Ӳܷ˭ϣһ㹻˵ˣǲ֪Ϊʲô仰ʱоȻĪЩ
Ϊʲô㲻ԸзǷ֮أգһ۾һ˫ÿģ֪Щʲô
仰Ԭ²˺ö飬ϻҪװɫȻӡ
ϤҶзǷ֮룬㻹𣿡ԬεЦЦԹԵĴԼĳš
ϴصЦݣ˳عϳŵʱͻȻ̧ͷĿ⡣
ᡣ
һˣȲΪԼԸȦԼԸ⵱һԴһ׵ˡ
Ԭ͵֮¥ʱתͷһԬ֮ЦĻȥ
ѾȥˣԬһ
ǰù˾ܣû뵽ܣˣԺܲúɩӳȥʱһܲЩ顣ϣ˳ųﳤȥ
˾Ƶ֮󣬾Ƶ滹һƬڡ
ԬĲԸԼò׵ˣڲŻû뵽˾Ȼ˯ˡ
ܲԽԽõˡ
»Ҳˡ˵ţЬӣСĳ˽ԼĶλϢ
ôʱƵĵͻȻ󿪡
ԭڰĿռһӱԬһʱ֮ûзӦϽסԼ۾
ٿʱҾͿɳŵˡ
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˵˵ʲôЦ˵˿Щ
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Ԭ˵ģ΢΢ͷ֪˼ʲôܵԵסļ
΢΢̧ͷö˶ľɵĿ⡣
ģ߻ܿ졣ľɻ˵
һǵļƻʮֵܣܳκε⡣
ȸɢȥ֮󣬽µı鶼ԵЩ
ŷæĶľɣԥһ֮̽Եѯһ䡣
˵ƻĳɹ֮Ϊ˶ľŵˣʱԬ̧ͷͷġʱ֪ǵļƻ֮϶ģñ˵ĸʵһرֵ顣˵ûЩ飬ֻڸղԬ˵Щ֮󣬲ŷӦôһ⡣
ԣľĵ˵ͷҲ⿼ǹ
࣬ҲΪľı飬²ŷϾЩ˵˽⣬һʮصˣ׵˺˵ķʽﵽԼĿġ
֮ǰûѡԼɵġľ˵˽µߣҲ쳣
ĿֱֱضŽ£֪ΪνܹпһĪۡ
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飬еûô⣬ܹס˾飬ĵǿԷһšҲû뵽ǰʤЩ飬ЩΪȻйϵ
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ģܵίҶһһһǹ˾˷Ѿô˼˾ԽҵĹ˾ľɵͳĻԽԽ


451¼ƻĵڶ

ڶûã벻յԬϢֻ֮дĸ֡
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ţҲϾǶľҲ˺ü죬ܹƻнĻòġ
ʼжԴ˵ӱҲƵÿ˳ȥ
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˵ģľɶ˶һŭûС
ȻǶ˵̬Ҷܹġľ˵
һϣʱܹһҵ뷨Ҫ󡣡
ԱߵĽ¿Ķľɣһʱ֮䶼ûзӦ
Ȼ˵Ѿμ湤ˣǲò˵ٶλǻΪӶԡ
ľ˵ģ˻ЩͷΪľɵݣǶľŵܲãԼ˾ϰ壬Ҳڶľǰһ
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˵ľޱ飬󻺻˵һǺһǴųģȻҲ֪ҵҼȻҪĻһһġ
½ŵʵӦ֪ģmҲһһ
Ϊǹ˾ͦõģҿԸģһ֮ڣǹ˾һµľˣʱڹ˾Ǹʲôλ֪
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˵ģıҲһЩ仯
ϾһֱȦģԹһЩҲǶ׵ģΪˣľ˵Щ֮вŻΡ
Ȼƽڸܵһ֮󣬽ĪЩ˷ܣȻ˵ûкͺԵĽҲԬͶľ˵ĿУ֪һ˺
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¾֪ǵĻˡ
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һҵȦˡ
֮Ի˵ĻҲΪ˸㣬ǹ˾˵ʵҲǿп޵ģʤΪǰӵҪmչʵҲΪʲôأΪǹ˾ÿ˶˺ܶ˼ϡ
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һ֮ȻȻ̧ͷ
ҴӦǡ
˵׻µˣҵĻܶϵᶪʧΪ˾ôҪﻤΪܳʲôأ˵˻һ˲ϲ
龹Ȼɵ죬һֱʱ򣬽¶һ㡣
ôˣ
ľת۾ﻹ΢΢Ц⡣
ԣµ۾ģƻһ㡣
û뵽⼸һֱæ飬ھȻôˣѽʲôһѽգգ۾Щ˼档
ԣľҲûйжˣֱӽ뻳С
һεɹǳף뿴ҪʲôףķʽҪȻϳȥһٷ
ľɳĿ˾һͨһ㡣
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ȻȥԳm֪ɣҲ֪ʲôزСΪ̫ˣһҪɰжɰˡ
״ǶľҲ֪ԼΪʲôƲס֣
㡭㡭
һӣȻýߺ˵㡣


452»ȥ

ۿѾˣҪнβǶľɶ˻ȥġ
ܲãǵ˼Ȼȥҵ𣿡ԬǰĶˣҪ֪Ǳڻ֪Ǹʲôء
֪ˣԼߵ˾ȻǶľߵһЩһȦ׵Ļֻûعˡ
ǰƾӦܹɣͲҪˡ
ϣüЦ˿ʮֵĺÿ
ԶԽѾʮϤĶľɣڿЦʱ̲סЩ͡
ҶĻƱ
ͳ
ֻЩԬΪ仰жϾڶľߴôˣ֮ܲ⵽ʲô˼ôܲأ
⻰ײǸ˵ģǸǸοɰСŮ˵ġ
㶫ȥ㿴ô
ȻԬŷչķһģһ
á
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ϺϣλͺúõĹ֣úõǧҪҳѵĹˣ
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µĽϵЦݸ
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Ķľһװͦŵģխʮֺÿ·ߵľܹ˵ע
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453½

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ԣʤеķӦȸղŸ˼֡
ȻʤЦһ¶ľɵļ硰˵ϴθĸĸԷҲΪС꣬˵㲻죬㿴ǲǵҪһ֯һҺ׼ǵļ棿
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454 ͻȻֵľ

׼ĸɱβͿȥˣѾͷÿˣҿҲ³أǼºֱײģһҲһ˰ɣѹơòҲ˿ľɡ
ľٿһεĶľɣɵ͵ЦҺȶľС꣬ҪȻڱ߻Ǹ˾ˡ
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Щε򴽣û˵ѻ׸ľɣô룿
һãʱˣճɾľ仰˵ģû˵ʲôʱ顣
һٷҸĸһһԼҺӵĻйȥˡ
Թľͽµĸĸȥľɺͽ¶硣
ҲǸղŷԵ̫±ľһȥɢ
Сڹ԰ǣɢʱ¡
¸ǹȵĸоȻѾľǣֹˣ˵ӦѾ˿幦ܲˣÿθľǣֵʱụ́Щ˼ĴͷߵĶľʱҲһûһĻشš
ľɿ˽µĲɣеһЩڽ
ͻȻһʹý⧲üͷľǣֵʮָʱϵ̶Ѿʧ߰˰ˣ̧ɻĿľɣѯʲôˡ
·ͷľüָŽµ°ͣǿǰ
֪ˡ²һ䣬ΪǷʲôˡ
Ƶ·¹⽻֯һ𣬰˵Ӱĺܳͼ֮ǰûо룬Ľ֯һ

ڶ죬ľɺͽ»صԼĹλϣ֮ǰȥmü죬鶼һ߶ڻˣڻȻæġ
ȫͶڹʱһŮ߽˶ľŵǰŮ߽Ĵһ¸ûʵĴɵ̾治ǴţǰôĻ
ǰ̨Сһòȡ˵ˣŮ˴Ŵܼ򵥣ȫ¶ģȫһе󣬱סС㣬˭
ǶľܣҲǶľɡŮ˶Զľֱ
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Ϊľŵǰְ̨ҵеģûаѻ˵̫
ŮҲɵȻǰ̨ĳҲգЦһҪԤԼſܼǿ鷳ǰ̨Сܲͨһţһҵġ
ԣǰֻ̨Ů˵󻰣ȥ˵С㣬ܲúæûʱС뿪𣿲ȻҾҪбϳȥˣԼȥûбϳȥôˣԼѡ񣡡ĲԶ׼
㡭ˣʲôСҸ˵ҿǾȹܲõģ˵ܲûýһءŮҲǰ̨̱Ļˣһ͸
ڳʲôΪ˾ǼôôʱԬ˶ڡ
ǰ̨ԬˣǼȱһæܵ˵ԬŮ˸ϳȥɣ֪ǴܳķŮˣָҪܲãﻹ˵ܲõľķ軰ô߶ϲߡԬμϣǰ̨ζƸ˶ǸŮˡ
ʣԬü۾ŶǸŴЩŮˡ
ȹľɣ
ԬԴһ֪
˵ģԬŰɵʡ
鶼ûô棬ҪǲŵĻ԰ҴܲǰʡŮ˿϶ĵ˵ͷ
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ļ̌۴һǰŮˣû̫ӡ󣬿Ůһµӣüĺ󻰡
ľܣ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵңȹˣеҡŮ˿żɽ˵˴˴ε⡣
ľɶŮ˵ݻЩɣһ¡


455 Ӧæ

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Ȼ㲻˵ĻҲûɰ㣬ȹҡľ˵
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һԬ˽
һԬˣӾϾĺûڿɶԬϡ
ܲãˣԭ䣬ٰһλ˵ȷʵģĸҲȷʵǷһʸ㱨֮ԬȨľϡ
ľ۾΢΢Ϲһ˫ÿһһĳ⡣
֮ǰһξ֮һʤ߼οľҲְǣҲ΢΢Ҳôִˣľɵ˵ͷãҴӦ㡣


456 סľ

ԣŵһĲŷصһ
ľ´һ䣬üͷְǱһ㴦ģֻʱܻزǸȥΪȫ룬һȥ˵ĻǰŸѱԵΪ
ͷİţȥҾȥٰ壬Ȼǲȥġ
ľɳ˼Ƭ̣΢ʱڶľլסŰɣҰ鴦֮뿪
𾪣û뵽ľɾȻȥľլס
ô󣬻ûпϵĺլֻڵӾ￴ѣүȻһסլĻᣬʵļѰ
ۿۿۡ
ʱ칫ҵűˡ
ľɽߴ˻
ǹѯƷģ㿴ľææ˭֪һͿľɡԬһûмһŮڰ칫һε״šüûжʣƷڶľϣѯûҪĽĵط
žİ칫ľɷֽŵ°ڶľ,ķǳÿÿһָ޳ǽڷ
ͦõģûʲôҪĽĵطľɽƷ£޵һ¡
СǱվ۵סҲͬľ䴽ЦЦ¶˿Ž׵С
ľ˵һЩ˽µģֻԬڵĻǽҲ⣬ڰ칫һİŮˣֻա
ûʲôµĻҾˡתһǸİŮˣϴʱδɵۣȻɻ󣬵Ҳûôĺȥʱ˵˽£ֻǿһ۾뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬶ľָֻ˵ĮӣԬ˵иȰͻضľլ
ԬͷŴ򿪣ǳʿĸһơ߰ɣС㡣
Сʣһ˿㵡
Ҫ֪Ǹû˽йС㡣
֪С˼һ˯ģһǶԹǵơ
ȻԬ˼Ǻߡ
ܿ඼Ϊһĵİְ֣˿һ˶˱֣ʲôĶһ
仹ûӦԬ͵Ŀһۡ
߻ŹԭλͷԬȥˡ

°֮󣬽ľɵİ칫ңղŵλϴ۵Ůˣ뿪֮᲻ǸŮûãԱľɺݺһ١ǿǸŮ˵Ŵ磬ҲǶľŵְ
Ҫ֪ľɵĶ๦һģ̹ҲǸŮǰί
ոճ칫ǸŮ˭գ»ǰͲסԼĺȥʶľɡ
ҵľˣңͻȻѣҪҰľɰ³˵ĸ˵һ顣
֮ӿֳҲ֮ġ
˻ͦҵģȻľˣˣܰĵط;ɣһŮҲףڶľլ԰ɣҽһȥɣȥ˽һ˳ü۵һ˫ˮͷʢһˮһԵġ
ľ֪һֱɢʱ·żϼֻè˹Ϸǳ࣬һһζǽȴûضǲ²һȥǣȥҽԺ飬ϴ衣
áľɵЦһ

ľլ
ʤкдš
֮ǰľɾѾʤ˵һͨ
ΪһˣʤеĸģӼͬ顣
С䰡ôģ͵Լļһ͸ʤп䡣
ǵһ̤ĺլһֱΪĺլ˶Ƿǳ£ģû뵽ʤȴеྶͥ
ʤиĸоܺãһܴȰеһĸס
ʤԽãԽþִ١
ŮŮ˵û̫ĵѣֻһֻ
ʱſˣľɺͽ´˽
ʤпľĽ£뾪ϲæܹȥסµֱ۵СôͻȻˣ
²ֱ˵ģˣԾ˳Űһ㡣
仰ʤеĻģʤЦŽԱ¡
С䣬δĶϱ£С䡣ʤи˸ҽܡ
áºͬʱԷЦЦͬ


457°Ź

һԵĶľˣټûгҲ֮ǰʤлжľɽˣˣľҲֻǼƳһ۾ͻص˷䡣
ʤпһ۶ľŵķţ̾һŽµְο⣬Сڻ̫Сˣǻûг죬ʱһЩСľٶһʶ
µͷʾ⡣
ȻǲľʶҲ͸ˣľǸ˰ɣԽǸһֱ㲻ţ෴ҪҲͻȤ
һ߿ŽºʤһһĴŻһҲ岻ȥĬĬһԣͷ
Ƴ˵ͷ䣬ϵЦ˼֣ӦǸղ䵽䣬Ҫһ䣬ʤʹ˸ɫ
Ҫ˵һأһʤоͻ
С䣬ܸܲ̽ǱߵȤ°ʤаͷյԱߣһ֣Լϵů䵽ϡ
һ֣ʤоüͷ֪ô£ֺ䣬ϻһ㱡ϸ
𣿡ʤйĵѯʡ
ҡҡͷ䣬ֻЩţŵ޴š
԰С䣬㽲һǱߵȤ°ɡҪ佲һº飬һ´ʱεա
ǱȤأԴҶҼÿ춼ծȻЦЦȴȿ޻ѿ
·ӦԼ˵˻óŬԼһչǰ¿ӣûۡ
ڽ̸Уºʤ˵ʲô䶼ȱȱģһƵӣżش𼸾仰Ǵࡣ
䣬ǲǲİСĵʣôʲġ
ͦõģûвġ
Ȼ˵ûУϵĳȴԶ׼¿Ʋ˵ƣ뵽пǹ˼ˣԲ˵ص֮󣬽صظȥ
˼ŵ䣬Ϣ𣿡
ûֱŽɡﴫһ
򴽣ŰֵһžͿˡ
ɨһ۷䣬ʤȷʵչ˵Ĳ䶼óŮϲģ
С㣬ʲô𣿡佫ͷӱ̽Щҵͷ
Ҫ̸̸ġֱӲ⡣
£ҲûôĴ¾ãӦûŵ¸˵һ˵ɡ
ܹźܶµָܣӵ䣬ϣܰƸֵһ㣬Ҳһ㡣
ԣлһĨӴƿ˱ǣһ
˺ĬĶûп˵ֻǰš
䣬ҿĳѹ£ŮӲӦԼһ˳ôģָܣķǳۣ㲻Ļһ¡
죬µ
µģȪˮһ;úĸоһʱҲԵˡ
Ҿãڶľ׳԰סЩⲻȥִӴֱ֮طҲûСһ˿į
ԼĸףҲԼܡ
üƺû뵽һֱľȻͬʱҲĬĬû˵ǼĻ
ָ˵࣬˵֮ȷʵ泩ࡣ
һЩˣллԸҽЩԽЦЦ
ҪʲôҪҰæطֻ˵ͺá䴽
Ӷľլ֮Ѿһǰףľͽ»ȥ
滺֣ö˶ڡ
ղ˵ĻŤͷԶľɵǱߣôסڶľûʲôĻǻƳ˵ڶľ׳԰סĲãҪһݹ
Ȼû˵Ƕľȴ˼
ľ򴽣˼һ˵ã֪ˣһᰲڶľ﹤ġ˵꣬ʹӿ㶵óֻԬ˸绰ȥ
䰲ŸɣǮжְλˣֱ⡣
ǱߵԬӦ
϶ľɻؼҵʱ򣬱˵ȥľϰ࣬һ°ǧ飬˴һҲԡ
ԣϲıֵ쾡£û뵽ľɾȻڶľﰲһְλ벻鰡͸˵£Ҳǽ¸ľģԽµӡһ˺üΡ


458 

ľҶľɹȻûҴһŮˣľɾȻһн߶ɵְλ
лл㣡ͷ΢΢ľɾһ
л֮ǰңӦģʲôҪҰæĵط㾡˵ͺãܰĵطһľɵҲȸտʼʱ࣬Ȼû̫ٲһֱˡ

һλžµױݣһ۾ͿԾ޵Ů˴ʱվڶľŵ⣬۵¶ĺ˻˸
˫ȹָ뵽ҲƻȻ֪һ˫ÿһŶľǼλεĴ֡
Ԭжľ ǾȻƭң
սȭͷ޲ھͽϳǧУܽеĺޡ
֮ǰmʱԬ˵ľжãľţ˭֪ƭ˹֮ͷˡ
mλĸݼҪЦʲôʱֲܹ˴ίˣ
ľɣʵӺ޵ԬΪƭԬƭҲԬ
ͳĺۣһֱվڶľſڲǵñƵͷ
ʲôÿģûŮ𣿡ͱһӵĻ޴й·̽ĿǵƢһӾˣ̲ס·˺һ䡣
һڨڨջĿ⣬ȥ
Ҫǲĺ޸йͲǣ
̥һ̨ףľš
һ̤ľţǰ̨ͰĿƵˣվſڵʱѾע⵽ʱŭ˽ʵ˿Щ¡
ǰ̨ǸǵǱŶľְԱݣǰ̨Լһߵǰ¶ְҵԵ΢ЦС˭ԤԼ𣿡
ûãܲûԬסǻڷŭûзΧ˵˶ָָġ
ԣǰ̨һ˲̲ס︹̣ô°ôֵŮܲãǰһŮˣһԸƯŮˡ
ѲǶľɵһ
ǰ̨ϻǱְҵԵ΢Цĸ͵˼λС㣬ûԤԼĻҲȥ
ҪǰŽȥľʻô죿ɲʧȥôɣֶ๤ʵĹ
ǰ̨ĻеŭԽԽߺ޵ĿͶǰ̨ϣ޲ֱѡ
ϬĿ⣬֪ģǰ̨Ծɪһ¡
Щޣ⻹ǰ̨һôѶԸĿˡ

֪ôʱһŮ˹
ɵһȻǺеֵǣô֪ź͵͵ġ
㣬ôתȥѺ˻ȥ
һλľˣˣɲҸ㷢ʲôìܡ
ΪʲôԵ޹ܵ˵䣬Ѿߵǰ
ǺεĽɫȦô꣬˲Թɫĺñ£ʱɫѾˣû뵽ıˡ
˴һӲ֪ô˵
ߣһȥߣ߸Ьڹ⻬ĵذϷĦ
˻صƵһ֪ڴϣأһĿ
ҪûȥĻǲڶľĿɨϡ
֪С˼Ҳ֪ܺ޶ľŵܲá
ǵģûСΪԼ⡣
ҲûֵĳֻҪܲϾͺˡ
Цһ⣬˼ûҪڶľʲômӰ󰡣ǰ;һƬѵʽ룬ϱ𣿡
һѪ
򴽣ʵǸ춹ĵˣȻ˵Ļܶ࣬ǲܷϵǣ˵ĻǳеҲΪʲô־־ԭ
㣬֪ˣ´Ҳçײˡͷһ֪ģ
⸱ģҲ˵ػ˻ֵˣϣܼסԼ˵Ļ
ˣһһҪ㣬ڲںͶľźҲһ£ľһǰ;Ĺ˾ҪܳںǺĻһܺȫҾ߷չ


459ĵ

ǰ仰ûʲôǾ仰ͷϷ
ԣ䡱һ¾ʹӴվź㲻ŵʣ˵𣿡
˵ͷһֱľΪã𣿡
ͷں㣬Ȼŵġ
ҲǺִܵطֻǺ˶ѣǽ¡
һ뵽ò׿һˣȴŮѵ
үǶһҲʩ
Ϻһ˫ӣҪܾĻʱǱһ̿ס˰㣬˵

һߣľ¶һİ칫ҡ
һţ칫˾ˢˢĽĿⶼϣ΢Цǵ˵ͷҲǴ˸кߵߣϡ
һɡһӣ˳Ա
칫˱۾ŵԺæӣȴһֱǱǶܺ潭º䵽ʲôϵѾǵһοˡ
ʵڽºĹϵǵĲ²ǣºݡ
Ȼɣȴʲôͽģ칫˶ǾŽģȻ⡣
䣬ߺŽġ
㣬ǶǺĬĶûǰΪŤͷ±Թܾͺѱסˡ
ǽ¾ԭ
һţ¾ʹһƽ޹ʵĽһˣͬ¿϶ڱ˵ĵģΪ˲۸䣬ֻþ䣬ͬһ
䲻ɵôῴµأ
ӹµݹһ˫˸мϰǰһ죬ʤоʹȥ̳ɱ䡱úôһ
ĵӲĺܺãڱʤоĴһ֮ǰ˾úܿģһ۾;޵ˣȴԽԽͿ͡
ллôչҡһζϳɬĸоǻζȴ һڵģţʵǾ÷ǳů
úùɣˡ˵꣬¾վ뿪ˡ
һߣͬǾͰͲסԼĺģΧʣ
䣬ͽʦʲôϵ
ǿϵúõӣǿͳԵġ
Ȼϣһ˵С䣬Ľˡ

ͬһһ˵û꣬εЦЦЩͬദҲ죬ĿǰҲû˿
ЦЦ˽͵֪ǵС˼ҲˣҺͽʦҲѵĹϵѶѺãⲻӦõ𣿡

°֮׼ȥԷʱ·µİ칫ң͸͸Ĳ»ڵǰһר־ӣûҪȥԷĴ㡣
εҡҡͷջߣķȥʱﻹһӣڽµİ칫ſͣš
ȫĶͶ뵽ƵУû
ûзӦӴŵʦ
ʱ²ĶЩ۾
˽ѷ˵ĺиǸƿ˽µİ칫ϣո·㻹æŹҲûʱȥԷ˳һȳ԰ɡ
¾ȵĿϵķˣ滹ðŰɫζı±ûöģһЩˣꤵĸоϯ̲סһڿˮ
ѽµСվ۵ףѷƵǰЦˣ֪ںܶ԰ɣ֮ǰôΣһٷôˣ
Ȼ䶼ô˵ˣپܾ˵ȥˣ˺ӵİװڳ
ĵĿģûע⵽
ͽĵӣȭͷ߬
ƾʲôЦôģ
ĿƵϣųһĨζЦݡ
жľɵıö֣Ǳ˾Ͳһˡ

С㣬ôˣһ˼칫䣬еЩ֡
ԣҲͷ̧ȴ߶ϡ
Ŀԡ
俴ЦЦЦĺˣȴĪĴ˸ͷ
ȴ룬ʱȴ֡
䣬һ£еҪ鷳㡣
򴽣˳ȥ
ҲɵôҲһȻᵱô۸䡣


460Ƿ

С㣬ʲô𣿡俴ʡ
ЦһҲûʲô£ֻͻȻߴ̲ˣȥһϱ
ԣһ˫ʣȷղԼĻ
ߴ빫˾һξ룬ôԶȥ̲裬ǵʲô
˾ҲСãΪʲôȥƫƫҪȥأ
һ£źͽйϵὭ֪ģڵΪпǼӱ
ýû취ֻ
ãھȥͷ㲻ٿһ۾ȥˡ
ߴ̲֮ȴֱġ
̲裬һڣ˳м̲軹ɫĸ߸Ьϡ
ͷԼ߸ЬϼΰɫС㣬򴽣ûκα顣
ôİڣ㾹Ȼģǲ̲ϣ̲车˺üΡ
ĺƢʱҲ̲ס︹ˣҶŮˣ˭˵ڳһ䶫ͻˣô˵ȥʱҲû˵˰ڵãȫζƵϣ
С㣬һ䶫ǲģڵʱĶԣҲûȻѾյ˼㣬ϻǱ΢Ц
ȴû뵽ȴӳ֮ĳЦЦЦˣ㾹ȻҸȣʲôݣʲôݣѵûһ𣿡
һ仰ᵽͬ㡣
䱾ЩԱһǹɱĵԱӿ˳
ǣǧС֮ҾǸѾͷðɣ𣿡ǿۿɬУǿԼĸ˵
ЦһˣⱭ̲ҾͲҪˣȥ˰ɡ
˵꣬뿪һ۶ûƳ䡣
俴Ǳ˺þò̲裬Ŵþöû
Ϊᶮʿɶֹģû뵽ȴԽ䱾ǻ뷨ӵù
Щί䶼˵
һͬʱҲܽˣ˵˵Ļһȥ۵ģ˱Ͳͣ䲻ý±۸ͰЩίԼһ˶ĥ

е飬ո͹һļԼһ°ɣİ칫ϡ
»æͼͻȻյϢ
һۣ͹ϵԣܵİ칫ȥ
İ칫ʱſһ㣬±ҪŸϵģƳӰӣƿ칫ҵţĳʱ⧲ʡ
°ʱ䣬ͬ¶ȥԷȥˣֻڡ
ʱİ칫ϣվں硣
㵽׻᲻簡ҽһĹ棬ﱾͺʹ㻹ôأҪ𣿡ţûע⵽ѭ򽥽Ľ¡
ڸʲôͻȻһ䡱һ´վ
ɨһ۽£Ц㲻Ѿ𣿺αҪ֪ʣ
Ĭ˰죬ʵǲѾ۸ܾˣ
Ҳ¶˵ʲôһ۵ôô⣬˲ԼҿûǸйϹġ˵꣬ƿǰĽ£뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬰칫ֻʣ½ºˡ
С䣬ңǲ۸һʱˣЩʣҲõ۸ԭ
鶼չˣҲͷһͷ
䡱һ˲;ͷ׺䶥Ȼһ޹Ϊô£θý¾Щᡣ
ɵ۸һΣͿԸҰΪʲôҪԼЩأۿɬɬģЩˡ
΢ıǼ⣬䶼ЩˣһЦգˣ˵ЩˣѾƪˣ㻹ûԷɣȥԷɣ˵˾ſ¿һҲζ񻹲߰ɣһȥ
µͷһ뿪

磬ľɵİ칫ң޷Ϊ
ɣҽ羭İ칫ң֪ҷʲô𣿡ɫЩá
µɫľһҲæʵʲôˣ
۸䣬Ѿ۸һʱˣҾȻֱŷ֣֮Իᶢ䣬ΪҡԽ˵ͷԽ͡


461·ǳദʽ

ľõľǽģˣ۵İѽԼĻḧıϸ̫⣬һᴦõġ
ο˽ºһýµһЩ֮󣬽²ųȥ
ľɴ˸绰Ԭ¸ղ˵̵ĸԬ˵һ飬˵ȥһǸŮˣҪ´ӰݾͱҪˡ
绰ͷԬӦ
ԬҵһԬ͸˳һأʮ㣺Ҳ㣬㻹ǰɣ
ϣһԼĺЩµĻӰλÿɾͲˣһ㣬أԼúõԬı鵭ģЩࡣ
û˵Ԭת뿪ˣһ涼
Ԭ뿪ıӰʱҲ˲ʲôӰˣıӰһߣĩˣòڵذһţذԬһ

°֮ڰ칫һ·һϢȥ
һһȥ𣿡
Ϣ͹ȥ֮Դ˼Щҡ
ͽ¶۸¸е
ʵ¸ҲûʲôϵϾ۸Ҳ
֮һȥֵԭĽᡣ
Ƭ̹󣬽»һáֹ
ʰһϵС°칫ȥ
ڿԳ𣿡̽ȥһСԴЦʽ¡
µͷ־ͳȥˡ
ҵָ֣һҲ߰ɣԷȥɡ
룬ʵЩ˼Ҫܾʱʱȴ˵ܾ⼸ٷ⼸İҲ֪ô
֣ǽ¶Ļ׳һȻ³ʲô
ս»ǴӦҪ
֮޻̸ĺһԷڼ˺ܶ顣
Թ֮һȥ֣ѾþûĹˡ
߽һҾƷһë׵ĺܲ˵ͦɰģ԰ɡ˵žѾѷ˽ͷϡ
µƤܰףֽİף ıƫһ֣ڴֱܲΥ͸У˼
ȥܿɰƯ䷢ĵ̾
Ͼǻûаѷһֱͷϲ̫ãЦŰѷͷȡָѡһܷͷȥ
¿ȥЧһЦһߵͷе⣬һһɡ
⵽İٷְͬ⣬˽֮󣬾ͻΪԷԼķڽϾһԽûһ
ҵҲˣ̲Ϣ
ʱһ绰˽
ǴӽϷģ²ÿʾ˶֪ǶľɴģΪľõר绰ĿľһܹǶľɴġ
´ӰóֻչȥһʾˣǶľɵĻţͶȥһǵý˵һ̣ȥľ˵
ôˣڹȥɣľɵ͸˿ģɫѾˡЩĽµİȫ,ϾôƯ
ԣæҡҡͷԶľ˵ˣһҺһȥͺˡ
¼ľܾˣľ뵽緢飬Ҳǿ£˼עðȫͰѵ绰ˡ
ЦǺǵĽֻŽԼİŤͷҪһҵָ̲úʱȴɫʮֲÿܲ԰ס
䣬ôˣǲﲻµһӾͻ
֪ʲô£͸ľͨ˸绰ôһתͷˣ
²ο˵ãһ˵ͽĵһʩˡ
ξӨҺϣһûӦĬһ˲ź֪Ӧˡ
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ϰο򲻺ãֻʵʶˣ䱳ĸ˼£ҪԴο
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464 ô

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465 

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466 Ʋ

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˵绰֮ŵ˵ĺ븴ƷԬͿ֤û˵ѣû˰ɣҰѵ绰ԬҲʲôӰ졣
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ԬֻϢһ绰룬򿪵ԣǴ绰밴ڵϡ
ʾϳ޷Ļ棬Ԭüͷüļ޼һЩֳ˼һһ벻ȥ
ԬҡҡͷЩΡ
Ǹһ֪׼ˣ֪ԼеϢصʵʵģ˷ǽֻͦ˲ȴľɶŸɡ
Ԭ̫ѨеΪľɵһ˸ľɶŸɣڶľɶԿɲһ°
ֻľɴ˸绰ȥ
鵽˭𣿡
ľɵȾ˼˿ɳƣͳ
Բܲãûв鵽Ǹ̫ƻˣеϢסˣԹܶ෽ƽⲻˣ̫ˡ
Ԭ˼ְա


468 ϳ¹

Ԭǿܹеܵ٣ɴ˿ɼǸĺڲϻıϡ
뵽ˣľɵͻް˼֡
ãɣҪʱٸ绰
ûҵһ˿ʧжٻǻһЩģľɻûԬ
ܲãһ£ܾܲҸһӴΪ֮ǰЩ£Һ滹̫ˣ˵Щ࣬Ҳ֪ģÿһ棬ἥҼ䡣
ڶľ׼ҵ绰ʱ ͻȻԬôһ䡣
뵽ԬӣľɵЦһ
˵ɡ˵꣬Ͱѵ绰ˡ
ԬǸʲô𰸣
ټ칫ֻʣ¶ľһˣտյģʮּž·𾲵紵ü
ľɱαϣͷü۵ʹţŨܵĳ޽۵׵ȫڵסˣ˲²͸ʱ˼
ͻȻƵûţľɳ˳⿪ϵĵһŦۣӿ㶵һĵ˻βϣðһɫĻӡ
ͷһﻺ³һɫȦ
Уľɵɫް
ľߵشǰŴﲻɽ˺Ⱥüۼӿϼᳰ޾Ԩһ䣬ڵס
ͻȻ뵽˳ϼš
ǳϼŰļ汾ӦҪʵʩļƻһʵʩˣϲһģһ˼룬ϼŰЩƻʵʩˣҪ֮ЩƻʵʩĻϿ϶ᱳһϮߡһĪе
뵽ľɵɫһЩ
˾Ǹڹļõ֮Ϊʲô˾ֻ˳ϼţ
ڤڤ֮УߵǸʲôϵ
ֻߣǳϼŰڶľŵԵף
ľ룬󣬻ҡҡͷ
Щݣһ̺ܿͳˣľɰ̶̻Ҹֻͨ¼ҵδϵĳϼܲá¹ĺ롣
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ܣ𣿡ͷ˷ϻڵ绰ҲýֱӼĸɴࡣ
¹һ룬ǴӦ˶ľɵ롣
ȳ¹ԼõĵصʱѲһȦܣȴֶľ
¹ɫһľɵķȥ
˼·е³ˡ¹˵űǸĻûа˿Ǹ˼
ľɶԴҲû˵ʲôϵһСڡ
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֪ľܽҳʲô£¹֪ʡ
ľʵǲϲ˵ϻֿ¹һ֪ʵӣɫ˳һֱߡ
˾⼸һϵеļƻҾȡȡľﴽȴ˿ЦⶼûС
ľﻹҪȡҵͷôãҳĳ벻ģЩƻҲҹ˾ְԱİˣֻʵʩĺ˳ˣͲֵһᡣ¹ľװ˺Ϳ
µֱľɽ߬͹ɼ
װ
װȥ£ûС
ľһЦ΢ʱˣܾûҪװʲô֪ˣѵ֪ܲǷļǴǶľ𣿡żɽһѪ
û뵽ľɻѻ˵ôֱӵӣ¹һ˿ΡϾⲻһ顣
Ҳ֪ľΪʲôô˵Ƿļļƻҹ˾ģڶľôԼأǶľô󣬺αҪһС˾
¹ⷬǰѶľ˵СǼˡ
һһң
ľЦһһ˿Ū¹ӿһ㺮⣬ڵһ˿ŭ⡣
ľӣǳ¹Ѿ׼ǴʱҲ̲סһ
ܣҹ˾ļ㰲İɣľޱĿ
¹˸Цȥһ˵ӣľЦɾͿЩˣҳĳҲûֵ鰡


469Ͼ

ľɿˣ¹žǾܲϵӣȥʲôҲʲȻ
Ȼˣܾ͵ʲôû˵ҹ˾ﻹе£Ͳˡ˵꣬ľɾվ뿪
¹ŶľǵнԶӰɫȾһ˿ζЦݡ
ȥ֮󣬶ľɾͿʼ˼ôó¹˵⵹һЩѶȣΪ¹սթĻˮһѡ
ҵʲôԳ¹в
ˣѱ
ľɵһ䶯
ϼߵ¹϶ڱʹһдСУҪץɹİѱٺòˡ
뵽Ը¹Ĳ֮󣬶ľɵüĲ΢չһЩԬ˸绰ȥ
ԬпҪ鷳һˡ⼸ƵԬôæµľҲЩΡ
绰ͷԬ㶣ոնľ˵ʲô
鷳
⻹һδӶľ鷳ʣЩΡ
û£Щ±ӦҸɵġԬЦЦ
ȥһ³ϼŵܲó¹ܲ鵽İѱľš
Уû⣬ϰɡ
ԬˬľʹӦ

ڶϣľǱһ绰ѵġ
ʵûô˯һֱæţֱ賿һʱ˯
ľƲֻϵʱ䣬ӡ
˭ôһ͸绰ĺ
üüļһЩ
ʾԬ֣ľɻǰ˽
ܲãڳ¹Ҳ鵽ˣԬ˼ּ
ľɵҲԬϢɢˣ˯ʵ۾Ԭĺ󻰡
ϼŵûʲôʷǳ¹һСˣҾǹ˾иС²󣬵ǳ¹ţΪɹʿĴҪ±ȥĻǻó¹Ѹ½
Ԭֽ˵С˽䣬İþϲռ鱦¹ҲͦģҪʲô鱦͸򣬵֪ô£¹С˵ĻǺܶˡ
ľɴӴų¹Щ¼̲סһߣӡ½˺üȡ
ֱѼͥˡ
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ľɾûԴõһЩ
óȻȥĻݾߣʱٰ¸¹˵һ£ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
뵽ˣľɫ˰
ϰʱ򣬶ľɱ㽫¹Сһ¸˵һ顣
СƲסĳ˲顣
ȻСˣͬš
Щп˵Һˣ˶ľõˡ
뵽ľɣµЩů⡣
ľͬĵ˵ͷ˵룬Ȼˣǳ¹ȻҲ˵һ㣬ҾǿһãǺϲ鱦ҾΪһ鱦ȻҲΪǵĳ˰ɡ
û⡣ˬĴӦ
鱦Ӧֵ飬⼸쿴Ŷľô࣬ȴܰʲôһֱͦģڼȻ˶ľҪʱˣȻǶġ
ǰŮ˵ЦգľȴõһҲڻһ㡣
лл㡣ľ˵ţѽԼĻĶһǡ
ѵˮ㡣
ľһôˣ¶ԶľɵѾ˿幦ˣľʱûôˣ£»ͦġ

϶ľɸ˵Ҫ鱦֮ص칫ұ㿪ʼ
ͼϻͼʦͼ鱦̶һ磬Ϊ鱦ˡ
»һ֡
Ͼ
õľɵİ칫ңƵİڶľϣѾˣô
ľɿӨ͸һ˿죬û뵽¾ȻôͰˡ
ܺÿľɷĵ˵
ʵϣֻҪǽģٵúÿ
žǰݼڣ

磬ľɴŽϼš
Ѿ°ˣǾſڣһʱһ۾ͿԿˡ
ȿһ˲ſ䲻ӹ˾˳
һ̣ǰһ䳤Ļͦÿģʮֵľ£ƤҲ׵ķȥҲǳۣ·ָѹȥһӡһ


470 С

뵽ʲôһºȻɫȻҡҡͷ
ϧˡǰ;һƬ˳¹ɫֻһС鸾ѡ
ˡľɿŽ²֪ЩʲôЦҡͷģһͷ
ͻһģµ˼˻Ŷľ³
һߣ俴ſûϤĳЩʧӿץŰּӴ˼
ʧ֮࣬Щ죬Ҳ֪¹æЩʲôһ춼ѿһΣ죬¹Ĵָĸо治֡
ʱͻȻоǰӰ̧ͷǰվŵʱһ˿졣
ľŵ֪ܲģֻΪʲôǰ
ǡɻʡ
С㣬ģһ顣ϹżЦ⡣
ԣʱĿŶľɺͽ£Ȼֳ֪Լʲô֪ûʲôµģϾϼźͶľǵжԵġ
ԥҲȻ֪ڵЩʲôӰԼרΪƵϾ˳С㣬㿴רΪģ֪ϲ⣿
ǰЩϹ䲻Щʧô鱦ͷһؼôһŲۡ
ʹģְõԼС
ľɺͽһЦ
ȻСҲȥ̸һ̸ɣ
üʣԵЩȴЩ
Լлź֪ղŸЩʲôԾܾǵģڼȻѾˣȻǲܾܾˡ
ҧҧ´ʵⲢûʲôֻǸȥ̸һ̸ѣҲʲôʧ˵ĺϲʽҲֵͦõġ
ãҴӦǡ
һϼԱߵĿ
ЩʳڣҪ˽⵽ʲô
ͦ
ĬĬ˸ޡ
ܺãȻѾʳˣҲûбҪĨǵˣ¿һ۶ľɣ˵֪ľļй¶һ𣿡
£۵һ˿ζݣȻ֪ģ»ͳ¹һϵҲ¹˴绰ʱ֪ġ
¹ΪԼ޷죬û뵽ֽվǰסǻɵͷϡ
ĲȻҲֻάһ룬ܿɫָֻ糣ͷ
ܸղǸʧĶϸ΢ҲܶݣǱľվ۵ףɫһ䣬ȷ¹йϵˡ
֪֪¹ʵʩļƻй¶ļļƻһģһǻǳ¹ǵļµȻѾûһʼЦ
ԣ¹ͣǳ¹ȥǶļˡ
˵꣬;㵵סԼͣ޲øԼһӣղôô嶯˵Щʲô
ֻ˳¹ѣôһżͰЩ¸˵ˣⲻǵ͵ĲҪԼ̴ˡ
ԣľɺͽ½һЦõĻ
Ѿ֪ˣҲ֪ǹ˾һ¹ļһҳڶľļľɿ˵˽ĵһ仰
仰ҲֱӾܾ˵ģȻΪ¹յЩֻڵģǲô׾Բ¹顣
ľɼܾԼ룬Ҳ˵СҲ˵һĸףҲΪĸײŸ¹һİɣһТӣҲԸΪ㣬ϣԸһǸ˸ҳ֪¹ĸףƽҲҺĻԸһǮβúõչ䣬ʽ㲢
ԥˣЩСᣬһˣһˣ׸ôѡ
ԥһ󣬵׻һЩѡ˺ߣӦ˶ľɸһһƻɣ̲סﻶһ
ӿɫҲˣľͽ»ȥ滺֣ƣõҲ˲١
˽¥֮󣬶ľǣ͵¥ݵ¡
ľɴ΢¶һ΢ЦĦŽ½۵ա
ʱͻȻڶľصһڣٵ˵һ䡰ͷɿ¥ȥ
ľɿŽܵķɿıӰָŸղű׹ĵطǲ ɫҲʮ͡


471̽̽ڷ

ȻӦ˶ľɺͽˣҲһʵڵˣϾԼĸףЩΨһķ
ֻ⼸¹Ǳ߶飬Ҫ⡣
úú취С
ﲻҲȥܲ⼸ĺæͣһ˾Ĵڴûʱ䡣
ܲ˵ˣæ֮󣬾ͻᡭ
˵ţҲø֪Щʵ֪Ĺϵģ֮͵˲ŵľ֪ݵΣټƽʱܹ͵͵ĵ칫ҳ¹
Զݣ˶֪ͳ¹˵ĹϵҲǼֲˡ
ƽʱĻһƵ뿪һȻˣһ˿쳣Ĳʹ졣
⼸춼˼ˣÿζ˵ٲʱҳһĻҲˡŭ˵תڵ뿪͵ĻᶼûС
һֱ뿪ӰıԵЩΡ
ⶼʲô°Ҽм䣬ⲻĥ𣿡
û²һ䣬תŰ칫˽ȥ˵Щܲܲá
ʱʲôˣȫͷϣǲǵùߵ
ܲáš
ûһд¹ɡ
ԣ鳯˽ȥɫ̧ͷæµĳ¹
ǲˣ
ǵģܲá
ĵ˵ͷ
⼸ôæҲ֪ģ¹̧ͷЩͷؿ飬ʵҲ30꣬ɢʱڡ
˵ģ˵ɫɬ˲١
ܲãҲʵûа취ˣղ˵æ뿪˵ܲٲĻԶˡ
˵棬ҲԽԽС
ʲô
Ȼո˵¹;ȵ̧ͷԵЩʹ졣
еļ䵽˾ϰ࣬ƽûԼܹ¹Ůʵڻʮĵġ
ͼǸǼΪҪŵԲҵӣʵһ鶼ûС
ŮƢʱҲ֪һ³ϣôæܹңҪ֪ɲôҵġ¹һԵЩʹ졣
ҸղŸ˵ˣǡ黹Ҫ˵
ˣȳȥæɣȻ˵ˣҲȥһѽ
¹û˵װ֮˳ȥ
ոճ˰칫֮󣬾õ绰ϵ䣬Լڹ˾Ŀȵֱ꣬ȥ˿ȵꡣ
ʱ򣬳¹Ѿڿȵ˺ܾˡ
Ǽܹһΰ¹һ˲䣬û˵
ԹԹԹлһЩ΢΢Ľߡ
첽˳¹ԣϡ
춼㣬ÿι㣬ּ㡣
һ˵ţίı˱ֻͣĳ¹鲻رãܵԱĿģԽĲʹ졣
㲻֪ΪæĿҪһҪץʱſԣͲܵæˣٶʱ𣿡¹һ˵⼸챾Ϊ߰飬æĺܣڻһŮȥģܲ
û뵽¹ͻȻԼƢıί
ҡԣˣ⼸칫˾Ҳ˵ˣ˵˵Ǹһֱ˵£Ҳû˼ͷ֮жЩĿǻ
ûһ͵ˡ
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Ϊ䳤ˮģټҲᣬôÿ
úúãҴˣҲ밡Ǳô๤Ҫæ߻Ҫʱ㣬˵ôʱ䣬ôľѽԭڵĳ¹Ҳϸ
֪ڵŵģľɶ˵Щ
˵¹Ҳ費ܾ׵ķ
ֻǴһЩ飬ֻҪ𺦳¹˾飬˵ҲӦòӰ졣
һ˫
ⱻ¹˺һ֮żװԭ˳¹ŵ̬ȡ
ҿ̬ôϿңҾԭ¡ɡ˵Ҫӹ๾תתѾ뵽˺ӦôĻ⡣
һû뵽ǹ˾澹Ȼô̸Ц˵


472²ö֪

Ȼ˵ΪίͰ͵ģ¹Щεģ滹ǵŹ˾Ǹ£ҪĻʵرѡ
һֱʱϲ΢ֳһЩ⡣
ǵȻˣֻҪǹ˾̸ͬ˾ɹ˵Ļù˾Ϊһǰ϶ˡ˵飬ԵԽ֪Ҫù˾Ϊһ˾Ѿܾˣ鲢ô׵飬ͷѹһľš
ľʵ̫ˣȻܽĹ˾ȥҪĻһǿĶԱȡ
Լ˵Ч΢΢գգ۾һ˿⡣
˵˵ǹ˾ôõôһѽ֮ǰ˵ǱľŸ𣿡ۿѾ˻⣬ֱѯʵ
ӹ๾תתе˼ʮԡ
׳¹ʱڡ
Ȼƽʱ¹ѹ˾Щ˵ʱüɫģĳ񵽵ж˷ܡ
֮ĺһ˾ĺ
ڹ̾ͨḷ֮̌ڻûвʱ֪ܹԭ򣬾ΪǸ˾ľɵ츳ֵѧϰġ
֮ǶľŵʵҲеһҪԭ
˵˵ǹ˾ôķȻõˣ
ǲ֪ľſ϶Ѿҳһˣ˶֪ľƸ˾Աʱر棬û˭뵽ǹ˾Ȼڹ˵¹ĺһڲ裬ֻҪ뵽Щ쳣ʹ졣
Ҫ֪ľҲڼξǲǶŬǱľɸõϣҷǳɡ
ЩֻеԭΪҪĻһΣľҵȦֺ׵İ
ǾǶľŻãǶľ̰ᣬҪѹ˾ŪǸӣҲ˶ǵĹ˾ʧһʣҲǸһѵˡ
ʲô
ԣװȵ˵
ڶľļʧ飬ʵ˶ǲ֪ģϢֻй˾ڲļȫ
ôõǵļģ̽Եѯʡ
ӣҲͺ֮˶
ܹӳ¹ĿеõľҪģԼĸ׵ĲҲ˰ҽˣЩ顣
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˵һͦľŵ쿴һǵļںÿһ鶼رãϸҲǣǳļ۸Ҳܺ
ǵĻܻ۸Ҫһ㣬û뵽ľԸļ۸񡣡
˵ʱ򣬳¹˶ԵЩҡ
Ҫ֪Ȼֻǿһļѧ˲ٵĶ˵ӦôȥԴ顣
ŶľŹ˾ķĵľÿԣ
Ҳ֪˭𣿡
¹˵ģԵЩ
Ȼܹõ𰸵ĻòˣûеõĻӦҲûʲôġǾ¶ľΪʧ飬йϣǵʱдӦĲһҲһһ㡣
û뵽ϾȻļ¹ЩɻؿŮˡ
ôˣƽʱҲûôҹ˾顣
Ҿ밡֪Ǹ˭ĻʱǻԹʼʩԼľԴǿ϶һֵĺãõһݣҲˡ˵Ѿʼ뵱ʱ龰˱Խļ
ʱһ뷨Ҵ绰ȥǱѾǲ״̬ˡ
˾ʹôһ£˿߶ľֻ߶ľţԲ顣
ֻû뵽츣˳¹Ĺ˾
ȻѾõ˴𰸣ͳ¹ڿȹûдã͸ŸԵ·ֿˡ
֪Ҳֻôˣ֪ĸǱߵ飬ǻܲܰæ̧̽ͷһǰģûκεͷˡ
ô죿΢΢תͷԵˡ
һһɡľɳ˵ĿϣģӦĶġ
֮󣬶ľɴŽ»ص˾֮ԱСεЦЦİɣ˾ǲģȻ֪˭ǹ˾һڹ
֮ǰʧļһһǸڹһ˶š
ڹ˾Ҫʲô鶼ûзҲֻ˲Ǹ֮Ķ


473¼Ӱӵļ

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ڰ칫ǰͷͼ壬ﻭĲãüͷ΢΢
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ʱһ
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Ŵͼջߣ̧ͷ䡣ﻹһεģ⼸Ϊļй¶飬Ҳûôȥ졣
·еıʣЦЦֻԼӦ飬æ˵ƴһ˱Ҹƴ
潭¿еλƴˣ˳Żʣ˭
ľɡ뵽ľɽûûҹæµһʹϵԶ׼
ľɵ֣伫̾һҪôߵһأƴľͦġ
ΪԼĹǼ£Ҳöע壬ΪͰԼۻˣòʧԵȰĲϣľɺͽôۣ˶ĶһӶĵġ
仰˵ȥˣЦ˵ͷ˿ʼ
ǰ첻Ǳ˾Ҫļй¶ڽûССĵʡ
ҡҡͷʵش𣺡ûУҲûв˭й¶ģҲ㲻ˡ
ǶľҲûоôˣÿһ㶼˼ĸе顣
ȻվһߵģãԽ֪Խã±ûн¸ˡ
ǸҲǷʰʲô²ãƫҪĵֶΡ̲ס޷޵˺ԸҲչֳ
һߵӣεЦЦ
һЩ£뿪

°֮󣬽ľɰ칫ң׼һؼҡ
˼ţ沢û˻Ӧ
üǻһľɵ֡
칫Ķͣ߹ȥŴ򿪡
ôˣ
ľɿŽ£۽ǹż˿ƣ룬ҲƵġ
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ɨһ۰칫ң칫Щңļ棬һĻмһˡ
µջߣʣ㻹ŪǸļ𣿡
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۶ľôƴԼʲôҲﲻ϶ľɣÿѵʱ򣬶ǵһվġ
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䣬ͱһůĻǼͻȻͳŵζ
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˵ʲôأ˭˵ûаҵģҸ㣬ҵİκ˶ȲϵģкüҶҪһ㣬ͻȻȫͳ޾Ժ˵Ļˡľɤ磬ﷺ˼ᡣ
ľⷬɬˡ
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ľᡰšһڽ¹Ķͷס
ȥ·עⰲȫҸұƽ
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ľɿһֻʱ䣬࣬Ѿôˣ֮ǰ˵æ֮͸绰
ôˣ¿϶ҲѾ˯˰ɡ
˯еС᲻á
ںµ
գľɻǷ˸´绰򴽣ס˵·Ϣȥ


474¾

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æˣ³û绰
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УľڷŹȥĻǿ϶ᱻľ˵̵ģֻ˵֪չ壬ǰҹ
ͷֻڴͷ˵˾䡣
ľɣ
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뵽´겻
ԱߵĶľע⵽˽ϵЦݣЦǻᴫȾģҲȾ˼Ц⡣
ĴһÿĻȡ
ɵЦʲô
ߴľɴŴԵ
˲ĶĸоرǺǾԵܲʽġֱǱõĲҪҪġ
ǶľɾͿǵЦⲻûԽԽ
Ƭ̣²ûɵЦһĿŶľ˵ûʲôûʲôͻȻҺҸҲˡ
ܹ㡣
Ҳˡ
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ɣҲûܿ㣬￴㣬Ҳ⣬֮ǰΪǺǿĹ˾ģ֮뷨Ĺˡľﴽ˵š
ԣ¹һһģŴʲô˼ڷʵӵ뾺ʸôϵЦ⽥ȥ˵
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ľɵɨһ۳¹üɤ¹ǹ˶£ѵôļǴ𣿾ôҵĲģͳ
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ǡ̲סЦ
˵仰ɵҪԼ˵⣬һ䣬κڻûг֮ǰ벻Ҫѻ˵̫ҲҪ̫⣬ҪȻʱȴֲԼԸǿɾžž˰һ˿ЦĿ⺬ЦĿų¹
֪ģϽЦЦĿ⣬¹Ĵһ
ҪڶľɺͽǰҫһģôڷǰСڸ۸ˣ
ĻͲ˵ôˣʱϼɡ˵ز˾ȥĻ³¹ҪĿȫ˰ɣ
¹һ飬βٵȶľɺͽ¿˵ֱת뿪ˡ
ų¹ĶӵıӰºͶľ˲ɵһЦ
뾺ʼʮӣºͶľҵλ
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ŻеģϾξ˵ǺҪɹ˵Ļǹ˾зЩĿ棬ȫȫ硣
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࣬ΪļҲǷ˺ܶѪЩҶǿģ㲻ȡʤĻҲү̫û۹ˡǰ漸仰˵а۵ģǺǾ仰ԵЩ
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ڽ²ľɻôοʱ򣬶ľʱȴ˵һɧʮĻ
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ܵףأľҲֻЦЦ
ϹЩʲô˭֪أ
ʱһףһף˵Ļĳ

վסľɣ
ҪſڵʱͻȻһŵŭסǡ
˲תͷͿԲµó˭
ܹԹ˳¹˭
ľɺͽתȥų¹
ľɣҸ㣬ȻʤˣⲢʤԶģ̫ˣ¹ÿǴＷһ㣬ÿֵʮأҴһŭ⡣
¹Բ˵ˣҸ˵ܹʤǶľãʵ㲻֪Ϊξ귢˶ѪŶԣˣôָܻоأƷǴǶľõģҲѹûлý֤һʲôأƷԶ޷սʤƷģ˵仰¾Ŷľɵ֣ͷҲص뿪ˡ
¹һ㲻վţûдӶľǷﷴӦ


476ˣ

֮߳󣬽ֶⷢľһֱԼĿһ£òղǷ̫ݶڶľһŮ˰ɣ
Ҳ鼱֮°Ϊ˶ľɡ
ЩµһĭСѯʣ㿴ʲô
ÿո˵Щ
ûȶľ˵꣬¾Ѹٴ˵Ļɱ˺
ٺ٣ɣȥԷɣոǳǿҪˣȫĵķǳ죬ҪҲ⳶һ⣬ǲöľ뵽ղ˵Щģ
ľҡҡͷȻǲ³˽ʲôЦ̬ٱ䡣
ĶҪһأľɺǾ仰ʱ³˹ʡ
һɵģľվǲý̫ã΢ͣƬ̣˵ǲʲôӣҶϲΪ㣬ϲ
ԣסľɵֱۣ촽Ҫֵȥˡ
߰ɣ˵÷Ϫ·һҿ꣬þöûгԹˣڲĺܣȥﳢɡ
ľԽԽ˵ˣÿһ仰ܰѽºԡ

⼸ҲûһͣʱڶľɺͽȥμӾʱ򣬹˾û˿ȫȫķйѶԽµЩԹȫ˹Աϡ
㵽׻ҪҸ˵飿Ҷ˵ǶĲãԵҵرĴҵ˵Ļⲿʿ϶ͣѵһӰ˵ĻһƬˣ鲻⣬ҵָҲܹϻױݣʱŰĸƬ˴Լνľ顣
λƬȻˣĹľƬһĹˣڹ²̨ˣǵһ
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˵ˣƲһܹѱˣڿˡ
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ָʹǸȻΪ뵽ոƬ̵ӣһֻǸӵĶѣƬ˶Ҹ죬ûǸӡ
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ΪոԸȥñˮһȪˮΪˮˣľһˮ
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ʮԼģҶ֪Ҳ̫Сˣһˮô
ĹԱ̲סΪԼ⣺㣬ȷʵ֪ϲȿȪˮұ㵹ˮģǾûˮֻܸ㵹ˮ
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôǷǳĻҪйԱþײˣֻ˵Ա̫á
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״Ҳȥˣ׷Աۡ
ŶߴߴֻЩͬӬ˵Ľţǵķ
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˵£¾ģڷһˡ
Ƴһ۾Щ˾վ뿪ˣϷҲûĳɡ


477Ͷߵͷ

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СǸĸϻĻϣҿǸˣƢôꡣ
ҲѹûѣΪδѸеôһĸϻڼ̫ʡˡ
ƢҲ̫˰ɣˣҲԽԽ䱾ˡ
ѾһھˣˣԵºܶ౾ӦɵϷݶûڹ涨ʱɡ
ʲô취أ˼ʱ
ǺܶǶûˣưɣ˵ˣҲmӰʲô
ȥĻⲿƬӿܵ׶꣬ţΪʲôҪǰȥǺ²ܹѰСʮֱߵĺһ䡣
ֻһ취ֻϼͶܾຣһ˷޷޲ƽ˵
״̬˵ÿϷʱ鶼ãÿζ˷йֹӰÿ˵ӰϷĽ̡ÿˣƵʱǶỳǲĸǰˣҪȻôôƢ
Ǹ˵仰֮Ѹٶϼϼ˵Ҳ֣ƽڹ˾Űģһǰͷǳʵ
ҪȥͶµĻԸƢǶԣɱ¶ˣټϣæǿʱǱһӼӾǶĿ־С
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뽭µİ칫ңĬĬΪµΪ˸ޡ
λ˵ʲôأɳϣĿ⺬ЦĿм־ִٵˣǿԲôнģɵͺˡ
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ʦ֪֪Ǿһ˸ֵĺòֱ˵ǱֵļɹˡСϾдŷߺޡ
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Ǹ˭˳СĻʵ
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478취

ЩΪ֮ҲЩ㵵ģֻ֪Ƣ󣬶ҵԣǸ˵ֱˣû뵽Ȼھô๤Աǰһչֳ
Ҳ˵²õӡˣҪǱ˴ȥĻӰĳƺſܾҪλˣ϶Ҳᣬࡣ
ѵ˼һ
뵽Щ£üϰԵһߡ
Ĭ˼룬²˵ã֪ˣһӳģֻΪʲôֱȥӳأӻһ㣬ӣһֱӴˡ
С˵ʦǶȥ֪ģľƽһһŵӣǶҲֻ˲˰ֻǰԼһչֳֻˡ
»ǵһδӱû뵽ЩְԱﾹȻһܲãԺбҪһһ˿ˣҪȻԺ˾¶ȻҲûôˡ
С¶ĸ΢Цź֪ķӦղ˵˻
Ҫÿ鶹ײԼĳ嶯ղŶ˵Щʲôղ˵̫ˣһǽδˣºˣڽǰ˵δĻⲻ͵ͬıԵǻ
Сʧİڰ֣æ˵ǸʦҲǸ˼ҾҪǿǿľ̫ˣԲŶЩͨ˶ô䵭ǧ˵Щ
䴽һЦü˵û¶㾡˵ɣһҪлл㣬˼һ佱˵һЩ֮ʣⷬģҵЩûղ˵ʱ¼ˡ
ԣСʣеûг֣ĪĿһ
ø
СЩ˼ЦЦԱߵ˳˳ӣʾѻ˵̫ԶˣСžĵĻѾˡ
ǽʦʲôСѻ˵ϡ
΢˼Ƭ̣ŵһȥ̸һ£ǲõˣȥȥɣΪ»ӣǲĵĻ۸ǣǿҡ
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뿪֮󣬽һڰ칫ת˼Ȧ
һ򶼶Ըȥ˵µĻӣ϶ֻ᲻£ǰΪ飬ѾþûкúϢˣںò׾ˣʵǲȥ
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ܸоԬ֮߹ֵֹģЩΣ˼ҲǻԬƽҲûΪæ
ҡҡͷУǸҲУջǽηԼϡ
߳칫ңڽ
תȥվں棬Щգգۣʵ䣿ôˣ
һ¡ЦЦ
±Ǹ˵˼ڵҪȥһʲôµһ˵ɡ
˵Ҫȥüͷ΢΢
ͽһ򶼶ԸҲǱڣƽڹ˾̧ͷͷģڹ˾Ļᳳȥ˵һǳʲô¡
ĵѯʵȥﰡôȥĻҪԼҲʹ𣿡
ովмԱҵ˵ھˣƣƢŪľ鲻ãϷҲĲãȥһ¡εʼ磬̲ס룬ʲôʱһͣİ
¾ڵǻഺڵŮһһЩ˷˼˵ע
ȥɣҵЩѾˣڰ칫Ҳţȥ׳׳ٿʱ˵ϼ䡣
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˵мֵûоܾˡ
һİ칫ң»ò칫ҵš
һŮ洫˳
򴽣ź˽ȥ
ƿƤȿǰվŵʱ۵׻˿⡣
²λôʱˣ˵š


479ı

һǻ˵Ͳˣʱ嵽ǰ޷޵㻹˼˵ԼЩʲôѵ𣿱˶Ͷߵˡ
ں·ʾô嶯
ȻﻹҲ鷳޺޵һۣͺһվߡ
ȴվߣͻȻоСӿһʹĸоüͷɫʵС
¼ɫʹ࣬ƳŶӣæôˣۣ
ͷüļ޼˼֣һӣ뵽ʲôƵĿЦһпˣÿʱ򶼰ڵĹǺ
ûдޣ¿ӣȻûʹĸо֪ʹʹɲһʹ¼СһƬ԰ףҲסüͷ
˵ģ⼸ҾͻȻһֱϡ䲻ýµԼǿ¼һЦ
ȥ䴦һ°ɡ˵ţ±߳ȥ
ȴûһĵĿǵ
²µҪ˵Ļ䴽ЦЦѹͲõˣôģ㴦֮Ҿˡ
˵ŷ̧ſȥ
Ϣֻʣͽˡ
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´һõĻȣӣ˵ˣȥĻ֤ܺ۸
֪ҵкܴϣһ¹һ룬˽µԲҪΪľǷѾ˼ҪΪʲôǿϸߵ𣿡
㻹ھˣƵĻΪЩԱô۸ҪһܹˣΪȥѲ½ϣھԺúϷҪװԼƢᵽ̨Ϲ͡µ˵ţ۽ǹ˼˿䣬һЩͱˡ
ԣסˡ
˵Ļûа˿ԣģһѪõΪȫ˵˳
򴽲ûؽȥ˼¸ոյĻ
ӣҲһӦðĻȥ˰ɣ
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֪ˣûʲô˰ɣû¾͸ϽȥҪúϢˡƬָֻ̣ӣһӡ
·۴΢ţҪ˵ʲôջʲôû˵
߳Ϣң¾ͺ͸մ˸档
һ£æǰǵʣûôɣ
ԶԸҲǼʶģ뵽ϴĹѣ̲סһ
ůָ֣Цҡҡͷû£ѾӦҺúϷˣˣ㣬ûһЩˣ
ԣҲͷͷոȥˮһˮ˲ģڶѾûôʹˡ

Ӧµ£ʵ²ôģϾǺ˽֪ǲǱһױһףھϷʱ򣬽ȥ쿴һ£ֻվڲԶԱгϷҲͷĬĬ뿪
ҲȥˣҲûٽյԱͶš
һߣԬֻŻŵҵľɡ
һȵԬ˿ôҵӣľ΢΢üͷʲô£
ܲ쿴·±ͷǹڷ˻ġԬŵ㿪չڶľǰ
ʦ뵱Ӱϣ
ӳľ⼸֡
ľɿһţݴ󲿷ֶ˵ºϣìܣͼƬ棬ЩҲ󲿷վǱߣԽ·ǳ
ľŴŸѹ
Ԭͷߵһ԰ѿʼ
һǿ磬ԬѾϢѹˣθý϶нºƬ
һʱ䣬ϣǵصĶǽºϵϢ
ȻҲ֪£տʼûзϣΪһʱϢͻȥ˭֪ûеȥ˼ԽԽҡ
Ԭľɣڰ칫չ˷


480¹ڶľɵľ

ٴη飬˵رĺá
ҪȻֱӰѹ˾ְԱʱڳЩһһعţйϵġԬҧҧ
Ϊľɵ췢鶼׵Ǹ˲ڹ˾棬ù˾ʧ˲ٵ档
һֱȥҲ˵Ļ֮󻹲֪ô
֮ԶľŶѡԱӣΪźܶ๫˾òĴʧһҲ൱ʧһʴǮ
ԣûȶľ˵±ҡҡͷ뷨УЩֻ֪˾ΪǸЩĻҪĽ
Ҫģǹ˾˵𣿡档
Ϊ⼸췢˽⣬ҲԽĵĶľɻΪЩӰ顣
ԶľϵԵ÷ǳĵ
ԡ΢΢ͷ
鲻ôѹȥٲҪù˾ۡ
ľɵͳ˵ÿһ仰Ƿǳõġ
ԣȻ˵ԬЩԸǻǵͷӦϾѾûķ
ѵǸǾͲٷʲô飬ô죿
ģаšľ΢΢̧ͷڿµʱĿͻȻø
ʲôҪҰæ𣿡
һرҪ飬ûôýľ˵ţ΢΢
״һֲõĸоӶ鲢ûô򵥡
ľһʮΣյĻò˵һΣǸڹ˾صرãһв˵İҪȻᵽûκε
⼸죬Ҳù˾ùעһԱΪ˭ǳ
һʱ֮˭ҲǱڶľ˵˭
ģҲҪʲôϵĵطҿ϶ġ˵Ŀᶨ
ʵȴԼľ֮⣬һԭ򣬾ǴʼնǶľڰһֱûа취ľʲôˣһ׵ķ
ģľ̲סԴ
ϵ֮ҪģҪùϵζʱ顣˵ľüͷϾ˼Ҫץס˾ˣȻ˵ĻԲע
֮ѾΪ˹˾Ǹ˵İѱ
Ȼ˵Щ˵ʵӰûô󣬵˾һֱȥĻֻ֮ͬҲĲԻɡ
δ뵽ľɾȻԼһ񣬽µ΢Щȣһ֮ûзӦϾ֮ìܲһ֮䷢ġ
Ҫʱ׵Ľ⣬ʵһܴ⡣
Եġľɻ˵ĿֻǰŮˣԱߵԬӵĿǰĶˣѾ̲ס²˺öˡ
ܲã˵Ǻú˵˵飬֮仹ҪѹԬһ˵
ԣľ΢΢תͷһۣԭһԬϽջԼı顣
ɵӣȻܰЦȥˣܲʲôԸ֪ġ
ǳĻǽ£Ͼ֮ǰûк̸ǸŮ˵̬Ⱥͺ鶼쳣Ĳ
ɣϾ֪ģ֮ǰҲ˵Щ⡣գգ۾ЩΡ
ȷ˵Ϊصһ֣ǸŮ˲˵ģټ֮ǰԭҪľɣΪ˽ºԼ̸¶˵ΪƬ⴫ȥʱӰ˶ľŵҲΪˣл᲻ԾһЩ־塣
˼ľɿʮȻ
֪Ϊ֮ǰ᲻ҾʵѡҲ㡣ľɵģղźԬ˵Ҳ˲١
ʱһֱæ飬ȷûжľ㽭һȹ
飬ľҲ쳣Σ˾ڲֵĻֻºָ⡣
Щ뷨ûи˵һ
ԣ΢΢̧ͷֱֱĶ϶ľɵĿ⣬һ֮ЦŵͷӦ
Ȼܲö˵ˣһʲô취ܾأЦջԼĿ⡣
Ȼǿ˺ܾˣǰˣòɢʣ㹻ˡ


481µڶ潻̸

ľԵ״ͽȣȻҲԸ⽫̫á
Ӷľɰ칫ҳ֮󣬻ԬԼ˺㣬һԼ̸
ԭֱ׳ģûκεĿ־壬ԼõĿȵſʱȥĽžȻ˲˻
뵽ÿν̸ʱͱ˵ģĺ£ֻ»Щʱ俴κεĳɹ
ôˣſˣԸˣ
ǹ˾ԼӪһңҪΪù˾ĳԱڹƣ˵ʱ򣬿Ե˵˵ȺȿȣҲһѡ
ʵȵڶľŵ¥
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ԣµҲƽȻѾ˵ˣûвȥĵ
Ժ뵽ľɵӣ½ǵҧ콻̸ʧˣҲһ׵ķġ
ôöľǱߵѹܹһ㡣
뷨źɫ߸Ьƿȵţ˽ȥ
۵ľһµò˵ǸŮĺܺÿҽҲһ¹ǶôĲͷΣֻҪǽ˹״̬ͻر档
һ㽭»ر𾴵ġ
˼ˣ첽ǰĶ档
Ȼո¾ͿĿ⡣
˵ɣúԼҳΪʲô飿Ҹ㣬ҿǺæģʲôҪ飬ھˡ΢Ƶ˵ָһЩûһµû档
óԽǲϲģҲ񲻹Σܹ׵
ȻһҲͿżɽĸ˵ˣ֮ԼҪ̸̸ľŵ飬ϣܹúõദ˵
鱦Լص츳ҲΪ˽ദʱǻЩţֻ߲֪˵ʲôõ
һܳ״̬ԼڷƵϣܶʱһʱ䶼˹Ľ
˵Щ֮ЦǳĿܹһ
״΢΢ŵԴͻȻ̧쳣˵ҽ֤Ҫ˵ЩԲǸ㿪Цġ
Ȼ˵űѹȥˣҲӦףóȥ棬Կ׵ķ
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Ҳĸ㣬ǹ˾ڳ⣬ʼļ¶ݺܹɣ
ϣΪЩӦе㴥
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ƺǰҪԡ
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£ðҾͻͬúദعô֮ԭͲѽҾ˵ľ°νģ
΢΢ü֮󣬵ĶǰĿȱĽ˽Ŷ΢΢һڣÿһ÷ǳţԿóⷽϰġ
Ȧԭʵܶ˻ڳ֮ǰҲͨ˵ĻҲûܹרҵѵЩں춼Ҫȥѧϰġ
óⷽרҵһǷǳǿġ
Ը񣬻Щ鷳
˵ˣ㣬ϸһ룬һΣǴʼҪmߣ֮Ǹνܲƭңҿɶˣ
ǣŸҵĵ˰ɫĿںԵ˵Խǿ
ᣬǸûɷˡ
һʱ֮䲻ܹ뷨µı΢Щ͡
״˱øӵˣͦصġ
Ȼ㶼ûа취ҵĻĻôˣǧҪˡ˱ͣ뿪
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С㣬ҾҺбҪ̸̸⡣΢΢̧ͷ
Ѿ뵽Ӧʲô˵ˡ
Ȼ˵رĲԸԼλϡ
ȣԸĿ㲻ҪΪڶľţҾͲˣֻʲô˵ľ͸Ͻ˵ɡ


482ºãҴӦ

ĽĵģǶѾԼļ⡣
֪֮ǰЩ飬жǳĲʹ죬һ׵ˣľһ÷չĵط
üͷ΢ڳʮֵ档
ΪԼĺ֮ʼһԸˡ
ҲΪ̫࣬˺̫ݣŻĺⱻ쿴֮顣
ǴԼԹ޽֮ЩҲõӦеıӦµеƽ˶ľɺЩůļˡ
ںǰбӦúռԼһ
ѾԼһˣκεҲϵ̬ȣһжܹġ
ԼҲӦףڷˣľҪ»ȥmĻʵһرѵ飬Ͼûĸ˾ԸһѾ۹ˣ˭ܱ֤᲻ᵽǹ˾֮ûãٴνۡϴŵЦݣֱֱĶǰ
ȫɢְŮȻЩ֪롣
أ
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㲻Ҫˣһз˿أôķ˿뿪˶ľţҲлģӦ
֮ǰҴ˽һȦֻҪӰ˵ǰԽԽ٣õĹעҲԽԽ٣ϾȦ˵Ӧÿܶɣ
ϣջĿ⡣
ӦҵĻҵ֮ǰĸϰЩ飬ϾȦȦӺܶ鶼˽ġ
ڿ飬Ӧû˵
ȻѾ˶ҡ˼µ鵹ǻ˲١
΢΢ͷϵĿȣСӼķǣŽ˿У΢΢裬һڡ
ԭȵĿɬΪǵӰ쵹Ǽ˼֡
ľкܶԴҪģ֮ǰЩìܣұʾΣķҲӰ졣˵ţ
ϣܺѺõദڴǰ飬˫̣Ȼ㲻ԸĻڲõĽῴľŵѡ񡣡
ͳ̬ҲǽѾ
ʲô飬֮ǰ׼һУŲʱ¶ӡ
˵ĶѾ˵ˣ֮ѡͽˡ
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İɣҸո̸һӾ磬ôܻʱߣϣ΢΢üջԼĿ⡣
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Ÿ߸ЬԽԽԶµҲƽ
΢΢ͷв֪ΪξȻЩѹܹԸ񣬻Ҳһ£Ͼ֮Ҳܵ˵۸
ǰܹһԸ񣬻ҲᷢҲ뿪
Щ鶼ѾزȥˣܹľԼδ֮бԽԽá
ãϵŮ΢΢˶
ЦЦԼİ˳ȥ
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483·ǳص

ŽӣľɵҲ쳣Ŀģǿƺǲ˵˵ıҲ쳣ء
ҪʲôȻڸһϲ
ϣֱúԼ֮ϡ
Ҫ˵ľҲСˣԲʲôһʮ
ţ֪ΪʲôȻǻᱻ˸һʱ֮䶼Ըգ۾´һĻ
˵˵㣬ľܲô·ҪǷȥˣ֪жҪأЦ˵ģһ˫۾滵ģ֪ʲô
ڱϾϢʱƵȥһᱻܶ˿˵ˣնľɵ˵ʱתǻǲǡ
˵ʱɲžƲˣǿöľ׬Щ㻨Ǯģ㻨ǮӦò١
뵽Щµ˼֪ɵȥˣľѾǰûзӦ
ԹﶼЩʲôأľεЦţĽµԴ
ӦĽ¸ϽԼĲӣŽǹҪ׬Ǯ˼˻ʵڸͲȱǮֻҪܹһƳľŶóǮġ
Ϊ˵ĹϵǽµƷȷֵǸǮ
仰˵ֻҪƳһƷü£һ˵Ļֵóˡ
ҲʲôʲôҪʡԼõ״
ⲻ뵽ʱԼɲžˣҲи֮ֶͺͱΪһЦ˵۾ġ
һ˵˵ģǶľҲ֪ʲô
ˣȲҪЩˣȻ˵Ҫ㽱ø߰ɡ
ϣֱµ֣ˣȥ·ʱԬ̲ס̭˼䡣
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˵ֶ̣˵Ԭ̵ܲõĻ֪ܵĳͷֻҪ뵽ϻرȥ飬ȫҲˡ
ԶľһŵĶǽ£ûע⵽Ԭߵ˵ʲô
˳ŶľϹŵĵЦݣԽɻȻ˵ƽʱľҲһЩϲǺӴûع
ȸ͸¶͸¶ʲô£һ㶼˵Ҷˡգգ۾װģ
ƽʱͶľദʱͻһװƽľɣһ˵رЧģԭΪƽʱҲһģһû뵽Ƕľϵûκεı仯
ȻǸϲǾͲڸˣܸҹˡ
֮󲻹ǽʲô⣬ش
ºˣҪҸˡԹţ滹ǷǳڴģԽǲĳ̶ҲԽ
˵ˣľʲôûȻܹϲǾһһϲƺ֮Ѿûйദʱˡ
ϻǼװģתͷȥųķ羰
컹ûкܶλεģ·ϻܹٵˣмˣѣ·ϹţȻа켱Ҵҵģ
ǾЩ˵ϿҲȻԵõġ
һʱ֮佭Ҳûȥľ˵ľϲʲô
һ֮󣬳ͣ»عܿ˿ԭΪʲôطû뵽ܾȻȫǷ꣡
˵ľϲҪԷɣһΪʲôأһʱ֮ڴȫɢ
Ȼ˵ܹһԷҲһ˿ĵ飬ڴһʱ֮侹ȻҲκηйķ
ԣľתͷһۣĿ⸴ӣ֪ʲô򿪳˳֮Ƶ˽һߣ˳š
ľϲĻһ᲻𣿡˵쳣ᣬ뵽˽»̬ȡ
³ɣôȳԷȻȥҵǸϲҲǸĽ
ϣϵЦԽԽҪ֪ڳϵʱܹܵ¶ĺĵжôء
ΪˣղڿЩʱ򣬲Żʧ䡣
ľ˵һ֮󣬽¾ˣٽһһٷô򵥣ԭʧͻȻϽͷӦѸٵ˳
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˵ϰߣķҲƽһۻǼ꣬һЩѰСꡣ
Ϊ֪¾ϲֵطԷԶľÿζЩ꣬һط
ȻֻһССϸڣֻҪ뵽л쳣ĸж


484һ

һٷ˳Եǽζ¸Ŷľɴӷ˵Ҳü
Ѿȫ֮УƺԶûкҹһԽǵҹܵĵƹԽ
ǲҪȥǸϲˣҸ㣬׼ô࣬ϲҾþϲĻ군ˡŶľɵĸ첲Ц˵Ůһ㡣
˵ľɵһ㶼⣬һЦݡ
ֻʱ˲Żƽ﹤ʱͬ仰˵ƽﲻǹеͬ
ʱ¶Ϊĳ֣öľɱһˣÿ뷨ʱ滹쳣гɾ͸С
İɣϲһ㹻ϲ
ϣϢǽôʣûκ͸¶Ĵ㡣
ҲǵһԽǶľɲ˵вŻԽļҪǸܵʲô
ոϳ֮󣬶ľɲ֪ڳϵ׷ʲôһڽɻĿ֮óһ౦֣ݸ˽¡
ڴϣ͵
˵⼸֮󣬽µĿøӾû뵽ľɾȻ׼ôĵߣѾ׼˺ܾõġ
㵽ʲôܰЦ۾ģȥľɿ˵νϲЩ
òʲôԽܵľϲɣĻŻĪľЩ
᲻ʲôϲʲôŰɣ̽Եѯһ䣬֮дЩЦ⣬ʵҲǿЦġ
ᡣľ˵˾䣬ŰĵĴ˶ľɵݹ֣֪Ϊλú౦ŮʵЩʺ
ϸ룬Ҳͦʵģзȣ
֮ԺоֻʣЩ뷨ϵЦҲԽԽԱ濪ĶľɶܵˣŮϵı飬εҡҡͷ
ôôģѲѾµһʲôϲ𣿡
ľɵ֮дЩЦ⣬ĳ硣
ȻûУֻǡܼ˵ţƲסЦ
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Щġ
֪ӿ˶ãµо˶ãһܵͣˣµлԽļܹܵԼԽĿ
طˡߴľɵ仰ʱ򣬽±㼤Ҫ˳Ƴǰ֡
ֲֻŸո֣ͱľɸץסˡ
ڻ򿪵ʱ򡣡ľɵͳдЩЦ⡣
˵ûеӦľɱɿ֣ȻŴ򿪵ܵľ˳ٽŹϡ
ȻûһԼߵĳžͱ˴򿪣һ˫ֽĲסĸ첲
ֻܷҾͺãҷ³ľɵڶߴһᡣ
رҪ֣浽ʲôǿԹԵĸŶľ˳
һ·Ų֪ʲôطƺ˼¥ݣ˼¥ݡ
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ˣˡľڶ˵Խ˵еЦԽǿңԿóڽµķӦرġ
뷨ָŶľɵĲһ·̣ͣ
ȥãĺҪԴ汬ըˡ
طˣҰŪҪȻ»˵۾ľɵӶߴҲ˳ӵĹԹԵ˵ͷ
ܵ˵Ĵ󽫴۾ϵֻΪˣийƺӵһʱ֮佭¾ȻЩߺ
ִ۾ʱſܵǸʲô
٣
ϲϲѽ
ûпܵ۾ıܴϤĻЩϤĻ飬ֻϤ˷ġ
ʲôĿŶľɡ
ֱܶǵƹ⣬쳣вף඼ǽϤġ
ͽ󺣻УҲû뵽ڽ¾Ȼܹǣһ̣Ҳˣᷢʲô飿
ƺ̫ܹܵģ̫ܹܵġ


485

޸ҡľЦĿŽ£ӿڴóһССĺɫӣڿǸӵʱ򣬽оͲȻˣϲʲô
ŮڿӵʱһرļڿӵʱȴЩĪѹͽš
仰˵ں̶ܴϣԸ⿴ӵĴڡ
֪֮Ѿô࣬ҾѾʱˣԲŻѡ飬Щ鶼ûиģе֪ϣĸһܴľϲľ˵
˵仰ʱԱЩ˿ʵ˺ܴģҪ֪ľƽȴͱ̸ʱ򣬲Ż˵ô໰ʱϼ̵ļ־ܽе
ĿŽ£Ľ±΢Щᡣ
һֱͦõģϲĻʹӦɡԱߵЦ˵
óҲ쳣ļӽºһʱͿóλΪֲǴǰʧ飬Թںܶķֲ
ҲһԼŮˣԸʱ˵Ļ֪ľһһǳõ
ǰǰǰҵŮһ㵱ҵŮģԺʲô۸飬Բ飬͸˵һ۸ġԱߵʤҲǼĵ˵ͷ
ԭһԸرº͵Ůˣǰϲ¾ͱϲӻҪܹ࣬˵ĻҲʲô飬ǲò˵˵Щµ쳣ĸж
ӣȻۿҲʪ
ǰôҲѣܹܺͶľ˵ദѾһܴĳԡ
Ҫھͽӣ˼һӣֿʼÿֻ
̧ͷö˶ľɵĿ⣬˫ԭŵΪĵŹ⣬ȴûͷӦ
ҡ죬Ψһܹ˵ģҲһ֡
ƺǿ˼ľɵ΢Щʧ䣬ǾԼԵֹһЩԴ
֮Ի᲼ЩΪ㿴ҵϣǾԲڱѡ㻹ǿԸԼе뷨
ϣõʵ뷨˵˳
ᣬ˵Ҫ˵Ļĸоʮܣûκεİ취ֻܼǰߡ
ڲܴӦ㡣ܵľɽԼţ˵֮ûпܣֻҾʱ仹̫һЩٿ
ʵʼҸͲŸЩ仰˵ں̶ܴϣҺ£ҿ־壬Ϊ㣬ҿʼѡܣԸܡЩٵһûк˭һֱȥµĿᶨʵԺѾܶˣÿһ뵽ʱÿ£Թȥ
һ飬ΪĳЩвӰŻᷢ״
һЩǸе˵Ҫе֪Ψһ֪ҲֻվǸˡ
Ǹ˲֪о飬֪ǰЩʹĥҲΪ˲Ÿܹ⵽顣
ԱߵЩ˶û뵽µĴ𰸾ȻˣǿһҲڽһ
˵ЩȻûκһҪȥеȷܹʲô˲Żˡ
ֻҪף͹ˡ
ֻ˵֮ǰĶľ΢΢Ǵʼնû˵һ֡
ס
ڽΪԸԼʱľͻȻ˵±ڻС
ƺǺԼСһĻеŮ˾ͻ˲뿪һ
ģҲᾡԼ뿪һģֻһܲ顣ܹ⣬ľɵһܣϾôһܲãûоεľܾ
ʵĽеĸ鶼ȴľܾ
λ˼Ҳһܡ
ԣľЦЦ˵İɣȵ㻹ûκεĹϵġ
һνʽûκεãȸɢȥʱ򣬽µл쳣Ĳ
ڽܾľɵ飬ҲԽϾԼһжûκεĹϵ
뷨ԽԽ࣬Ҳ͸ӵѹ
ڽУڳЩˣԽΣΧܾãܳһʱ䶼û߳


486Ľ⿪

ľں֪ÿһʱʮ㣬ҲرԸ⽲ⷽ飬ֻգʲô鶼ûз
ûʲôµĻҾȳȥˡͼֽڶľ֮󣬽¿ŹĶľһʱ֮Щ˸
ԶľɣֻҪ뵽ϵ飬;Խں֮ǰͿʼĥ
ԣľͻȻ̧ͷŽҪ뿪Ľ¡
ȵȣͳ
ҲһЩҪӴµ˼
Ͼһʱ俴ǸӣľҲǲܵġ
ôˣת
ԼϳһЦֻǸЦݿʮǣǿ쳣Ρ
ɣ̸̸Щ顣ľ˵⼸칤ϱȽϷæԸûжʱͽ¶˵˵ⷽ⡣
ԣµıԵЩȻˣգգ۾֮̽ԵĿ˶ľһۣȻҡҡͷ
Ǳ߻йҪʲô˵ɡ
ΪľɵԼΪʲô;ô飬ôûá
ǿ˶ľɣжεĲС
״ľɾѹԼеƢһ֮ƽؿŽ¡
֪㻹нνϲĻҪȻؼϢ졣
ģûΪôҲѡΪʲôѡԸ㣬ΪʲôԼءľüͷĿŽ£Ͼ⼸֮ǳһ䱩ĸоʵ̫˲ˡ
ûһ˽ĽִƵĻҲֻһֱȥԸ⿴״̬ټûʱȥӦ״̬
ԣ΢΢ͷĽͻȻۿʪӣȻ¡
˾飬ίͰ͵ĺһ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôӣҾ벻ף侲ܹصԭˡ΢Щڶľһʱ򣬾ڵǸʲô״̬
ţʵû취ľֻջԼı飬ҲԵú˺ܶ࣬첽˽µǰ֮󣬽ڻС
ҵȻԸˣֻҲϣһֱ״̬ҵ˼𣿡
ͳʵ˵ЩʱԼﶼЩõģǰһֱ״̬ԴĻ˵ĸͻ⡣
ҲʮֵĵĵطԲŻᷢЩ顣
һе඼ڿӵʱʹѡ
㿴⼸̬ȶʲôʵҸͲں˶ҵĿΪʲôӣľɵ档
̧ͷöǰ˵Ŀ⣬ŷۡ
⼸Լ֮УԲûйעΧ˵ĿһֱԼеˡ
΢΢ͷ˼һ֮ã̧ͷƺѾܾöûˣһʱ֮ȻЩӦ
ҴˣΪϴε飬һֱ֪㣬֮ǰڳЩˡ˵Ҳסˣֱ˽˶ľɵĻС
һֱĻΪһ˳һֱҲůʣİȫС
һԭʧк͸һȫʧԺеĻȫ֮侭Щ顣
İɣܹ飬Ҳһֱ뷨ı䣬ֻҪܹһֱȥʲôԵģõأ
Խôһ˲䣬¾ˣͲ˵ʼգӦһˡ
ԵǣڱеһôˣУһᣬҪõˡ
еŮĵ˵ͷԭҲЩЦ⡣
֮ǰЩҲһ̱ƽ
ܵеøľ΢΢ͷһۣѾָˣ
üһ˲֮䣬Ȼý¾˱Խ˧
ţ̧ͷ˲Լᣬ˿һС
ľɿţл˵ۡ
ȻѾָˣôûһԷˣҪҪԵʲôľЦš
Ϊµ飬⼸칤æµҲе㲻˳ģһˣСѾͷصԼߣһҲˣ


487ȫ˾ɽ

ºͶľɶ˵Ĺϵͺ֮ڶľΨһעҲǹ˾ڹ飬ζҪ˸ץ
ľɽͼƬŴǷʲôŴǣĺܽ
ôˣ¿˶ľɫãͷȥ
濴ܲҵʲôϾǵʵ̫ˡɤ񣬴˼ֵͳ
ͷ۽ǹżᳰ֪ԼĲãΪʲô˾ﻹ˸Ÿɣ
޹ʱڮٵѾ֪ٴˣЩȴǶһļĲԣͻᱻ޵ķŴȻָ
Сд˾ɥľɫµǣһֻë׵ͷ᣺̫࣬ⲻ£Щ˹Ҳ硣
µͷȻϻЩǷ֮ϵıȸղźÿ
Ԭ˵ˣεڴɿһԼȻǸǹ˾ģǿɵҪǸ˸ҳԺʲôԽ²顣
£칫Ҳ˼ž˼
ֻǽ۶ƵϣôһأһλʲôɥĲ飬˭Ҳ֪
ΨһܹЩ鷢ýǽǸ˸ҳ
˾ǲǺܾöû֯ˣ
ڰ칫һƬŵʱ򣬶ľͻȻ˵һͷԵĻ
Ԭͷǵģʱ乫˾һֱæԻû֯ʲôͻһºһ˾ȴᡣ
Ȼȥ֪ͨһ¸ŵĸˣøŽѽĹ꣬칫˾ȥʡɽڵųĹ⣬˲²͸ʲô
ԬԥʣܲҪҳǸˣ
ڶľôãԬҲܹ׽ľһЩ뷨ˣʱľûԸ飬ȴһˡ
ľɵͷھȥɡ
Ԭ֮󣬰칫ֻʣ½ºͶľˣڰԼǿװļǿж
ɣĲ֪ΪʲôôңʲôûѾҪǸùϵˡĮıȴôҲ
Ҫǻǰ»ҧ鶼ѹԼļϣȴˣһˣܷʲô£ܼᶨվһߣҲͲðԼαװĺܼǿӣϴ̵ĹâƽҲڶľǰԼһչֳ
øǸùϵǵ˾ֻøҴùϵͺˡľɰͷȥĶͷڽµĶͷ档
˶ľҪԼЦҲǷָӵ䴽ЦЦҲѧŶľǰ˵ã˵İԺͻһֱùϵʱɱҷ
ߣǲһӡ
һ򵥵ĻȴýµĲܿƵĲ˲ƽĺͻȻһƬҶһȦһȦ

һߣԬնľɵҪ󣬽ҪȥϵϢ֪ͨš
ųϢ·ȥʱ򣬰칫ķΧҲȸԾÿ˶ߴߴķԼļ⡣
ܲϢһ⼸Ӱ˺ü죬ҵҲһֱ˺ü졣
ǹ˾һξɽɣﻹЩСڴ
ȥɽ۵ģҿ϶ڰɽͼֲסˡ
ȥĵطʡɣ˵ķ羰Ưر￴ճ
ǻӴ֮Ͳ׼ջȥӣų̾һ˵ܲ˵ˣҪǰѽĹһȥ
䣬칫һƬղŵĻϲȻͬ
ʲôòдγȥĻᣬȴһƵ
ȸһִ֮һƣ̫ˡ
ǵпųεҡҡͷԹʱ䣬ǲĹ꣬Сﲻǻһݱûڻӿһ㶯ĻȻǶؼң͵ҪһӰˡ
ԣСһæҵĿʼæеĹ
Թ鱧ԹɽΪǵĶɹЧҲҪࡣ
°֮µİ칫ҡ
߰ɣԷȥѾͽºˣദҲû֮ǰô
Ϊľɻеû꣬Ȼܸһȥ±Ӧ롣
˾¿Ŀ꣬Ų˻ûյʣľܲΪʲôͻȻȫ˾һȥɽ
뵽ľԭΪԼЩʧЦҡҡͷ˾˲˵ѹȥɽѹһ¡


488²Թ

һԭ˵ӵͷЦû뵽ľܲûͦЩְԱİ
ľɸӡһֱǺĮ֣Ψһܹöľ¶һҲͽܹ˰ɡ
ʵһֱܹǣֻûбֳѣһȵˡ½͵
ɲôһ£˾ҲһʱˣɴûľɶһԱȻǰǳ⡣
ԽĶľɲŻĶľɲһ
žʩɣ
Խܹõôһݰһ̾µȥǵúһƬɫ
²˼Щ̵գңЩ˼,ˣ԰ɡ
ˣǿķŹһء
꿾֮󣬽¿һֻϵʱ䣬Ҳ˰СʱľЩӦöæ˰ɣ
´ľɴ˸绰ȥ
绰մȥ룬ͱͨˡ
˾㶼ûУľ˵ʱ򣬽µġ
һƣ֪ڸ˭绰ˣƲ˵ƣոճ극ٱιʶȤȥ䡣
ľͣĹĸ´绰Ͼͺˣ㵽ûУ
Ҹոո극æ˵ĻǵȻһ߰ɡ
绰ͷ»ûлȥʱüͷңϾ͹ȥ
绰Ҳˣǵġս̲ס٩Ѵ绰ˡ
´̱ʧһɶĿջߣЦմ꣬ˣ˵һҪҪȻһ߰ɣ㡣
²˵ãһ¾뵽ϴθŶľɵĳһؼҵĳʱո߽̫˽ľһʲôˣؼҵһ·ϣľɶĿԹԹŪڳϴҴ
ϴε֮ҲЩӰˣ˵ʲôҲٵǸǧʱĵˡ
˱ˣһԼ򳵻ȥһЩͲĶˣ߿ĩˣ仹һĿ뿪
£һĶʲô
Ϊ빫˾ҲԶľɺܿ͵̻ɶľڽӵĵ绰֮ܵˡ
ǲڽӵҵ绰֮ˣЦˡ
ࡣ
׼ȷ˵ǶľɰѹæβŹġ
ΪĽ棬ǹʱ϶Ҳģɴܵˣ˵׻Ϊ
°ŰɵĿ˶ľһۣ˵ʲô
׼Щʲôȥɽ氡ºʡ
ľɿųŤͷһĽ£̲סϣԬˡ
£
ʲôôʣȴľôһܵĻش
ߺ٩ԬǱҰòһγȥĻᣬȴҪΪææģЩӦöԼ׼𣿡
ͻȻľŤͷЦЦ
ЦݵİĳɷЩ࣬һʱû
Цôȴֲ˧֣˶ľҲû˭ˡ
Цݾı
Щ׼
ѵҪ׼Ƥôҿ᲻á
仰ƺ⣬ָ
µղȾ΢ǶҲǲԸ׼
죬ӵ۵ģĪ͸żֿɰ
ľɳ𴽽ЦЦ΢֪ˣʧЦȥˣӣ
æסԼСͷȥöľɿ
Сֵֻʵʵģľɻһ춼ǲˡ
װģľͷ˶ۡ
ǿɰ
һס̣һȥǣµֻС֣ЦЦģҵ˽Ʒһ»ؼԼʰԬ׼ĶҲֻɽ˾ԱõĶˡ
ɤͳȻڽƽϻȦ
һֹֻʹķĿŶľɡ
Ž´Ŀ⣬ľ˫峺ֻĵӰټĺһ£ްüһѽֻŴ޹ǵСߣϱһǣ۹⿴ҡ
ҪȻҪ͵
仰½᲻˼ľɱסû˵
µһۣĲȥľɣתͷŴⲻϵ˵ķ⡣
죬̲ס︹̣ˣ˭Ը⿴ˣЩ羰ɱÿˡ


489Ҫ

֮Ȼǲľڳ˵ЩǽʵҲ³֮ܵʻλĳŴͷ̽ȥڶľһӡ֮Ѹ¥ȥ
ľЩ͵ĿŽ¥ϵܵıӰ֪
ﻹŽ´¡
СԽԽ˰
ľɳ𴽽ЦЦֱµıӰʧ¥ջߣţǰʻȥ
һ·顣
Ǹӣ¶ܳɡ鲻Խĺ˸衣
ʲôˣɵЦӡҲŽɵЦ
ûʲôûʲôǹ˾ٰһɽĻͲؼˣͲҵǷݷˡ´յߣָ׽
ȰŽµͷЦãͺú÷һԼɺúһ¸顣֪ڵĹ˾ϼǶľɡ
ĴȤ䴽ЦЦ¶һڴ˼ֽҸĸһֱͦõġ
һʲôСľҲһֱΪ˵Ļݺ⣬ŻǵĸԽԽá
ʱƣ֮ĸ鲻Ϊ¶ԽԽֻվ
һ۵ӣ¶οı顣
ֺһྣ²Żص￪ʼʰ
ǰҲȥɽ˶аȣɽЩеģѵɽ۵һ·ŽԼİַһЩѹСʳȥȻҲǴˮ
ţﶪһСͲȥַ˼ʿܽȥʿܣ֮ǰӵʱʱĳʿܵĹ
˰ɣԿʿܡ
뵽ʣ̿ЦûôõЧܹһԾоɽʿҲ
װ˼ɽرĶ²ͣ¶°ѱϵһ¡
šء
ĲأĶҲûкܶ࣬ȥҲƿˮ΢һѡ
⻹ǽµһθľɳȥɽȻ˵οǵĶʱ٣@Ⲣ¼ġ
һҹΡ
ڶ죬Ǳһģ⻹õӡ
һʹӴˣûƽһ
ҲΪһֱڴȥɽֻΪ˯磬ԭ
´Ӵͷùֻ˸绰ľɡ
绰һűͨ
ɣûаЦʡ
ľɵͷֻһϴּһ߻ػûãոϴּˢֻڷ߹ֻ˵ʱ䡣һ仰Ҳ˸ղΪʲôôòŽӵ绰
ԣﻮһůεգҲʡ
ģˣȻȥʡȸʲô
ľɵİģ˾˽ȥʡһ죬Ȼſʼʽɽ
Ѿ˸طڸʲôһж㰲šľɿһ¿ڣë˲߻ط
Щ˼ľ֮Լ˸ط˾סһƵҪиĶɡ
ҡҡͷԺЩ߰뷨˦⡣
ϴһ£Ȼҿȥҽ㡣绰ͷĶľ˵ҲǸ𴲵Եʣ˼ְơ
͵Ƶģ¾ֻèצͷһġ
¡šһ
绰ҶϺȥϴּϴһٰ׼õ˶ϣһױ
һй׼֮󣬶ľɵĵ绰Ҳô˹
¥£ʰ֮ɡͲﴫľɵͳ
µͷãھ
¥¾ͿϤ·ͣ¥£ľɾͿڳߣʾȳһ˫Ⱦķš
ĶľɺһװЩͬҲһ˶ɵǶľɵ˶ͽ˶ɫһ
̫ϲЩڵɫԾѡһǳɫ˶û뵽ľҲѡǳɫ
էۿȥ˺װһ㡣
ǿ˽еʣľ֮ͣǰƬʱһǴ˶ĵģ㴩ĺÿһġ
ÿһġ
һֱȥ˾·ϣ¶û仰
ʵ㴩ҲÿĬĬ˵仰
ȻľɴһװҲ޷ڵ˧
ʱ¾ʵ̫Ҷľˣôÿһ˵ôģľɾһߵ¼Ӱ㣬ʲô·϶һζ


490ʳ

ȥ˾·ϣ͵ľɣֻܿüĲ
ľȫעָ޳˫ŷ̡
ڽΪľûע⵽Լ͵ʱͻȻ˶ľɴ
˶ģ͵͵Ҿͺá
۽һæջߡ
ľɿŽĵСǵЦ𽥷ŷŴ
ǴŹ˾Աһ˾ĳȥʡģΪĳ˲Ը˼һϣֻˡ
ڶľȥ˾ҲΪȷӣϾι˾˶һȥ˶ңľɵȥʱԱǻִԲȥ֮ǰȥ˾һ
ľɰѳͣ˾ſڣԱ˵Цüļɢ˲١
߰ɡ
ȼԱĳ֮󣬶ľɲŲţԶĸں档
ӹ˾ʡľ벻ԶԿСʱ͵Ŀĵˡ
Ŀĵ֮󣬶ľɺͽ±ûٸŹ˾Ĵ󲿶ˣľǸһţ¾˴ϡ
ĴСд㣬ǵķ·ŴҪһ
ľߵİѽ»ıɳһӣԼҲɳϣڴϵǸͶȥԹ
Ŀ̫ȣҲӲˣ㬵̧ͷȴײһ˫ԹЦһߵľ£ôˣһžͲģ䲻⣿Ҿ仹ͦõİҲô
ľбһۣûһ㶼ãǸ̫ˡЩ
²ĿŶľɣЩǴӶľ˵ģ⻹ƽﲻЦĮĶľ
뵽ղԼһž˴ϣƺĳˣѹָղôԹĿ
§סľɵĲӣոˣҲԣ
˵ľ밤ý˵ʱϢĲϣľһɫĵ˼붷֮ҲûöԽʲôΪȻ˾ѾƻҪȥ棬뽭۵嶫ܵġ
ľɼ̾һǸ˻֪ԵҶ
Ž¾ĽٰɣҲ㲻ȴԸš
̧ͷľɣȴøˡ
£ľʲôʱôѺˣ

ڷϢƬ֮󣬾Ͷȥˡ
ͬĵطвͬɫľɴŽʡСһŷС򣬵Ҳɫͻɫİ齻ཻţɫĵǽϣµӡǣһŷţܽ
С򣬵һڹŴĸо
Сƺڸϼֵ˰С̯ȴҡ
ǿʲôͻȻ۾һŶľɾǸȥ
үүҪˣһҪкӣһҪŮӡ
þöûпˣû뵽Ȼ
ľɿŽЦӨӨӣε̾һСôôء
ҪŮӣҪкӣͰңҾͰк㣬ȻԵ
ľɽеŮģˣֿһ۽еǸü˵Ҳûô󡣡
µͷһеˣȷʵе㣬Ķľɵļ򣬰οûһ¾ͽˣ˵ǸŮӣŮӿɱкӺÿˡ˵ţ¾һ˵ͷ
ⴥ˵ͷζڿǻӿ˿˿ģֱķ
˼֮󣬿ľɣʾҲԡ
ľɵͷˣģȥǶʮûнӴֶûԹҪ˺ˣҲ̫ʳ̧ۿڴС򴽣һڡ
ȷ𣬵ķ塣
üˣ۵׵ͷȥڽ¸ոĵطһڣ򴽣ڻζ
ĸ𡣡
壬ζոպãϲζ
£
һԽԽƶˡ
ͦϲġ
Ŷľ˺һ뿪
ȥ𣿡ľѯʡ
ԥһ˵ȥԶ
֮ԥԭ¶ľɾһֻԶˡ
ȻθСθȴģֻҪǺóԵĶ߲ܡ
ãڴȥһСԽ֡ľɤ͸ЩΣȴǳ硣
ûеȵеĳЦ㣬µͷЦˡ


491ʱ

˵СԽֵʱѾǰס
һ죬ϳԵЩͱˣڶտյģڸʮ⴮ԳԵ£
Ȼ뷨ҲϾԱһһֱ
ЩĿһ۶ľɣҺöľڶЩСԿûע⵽
ľʵҲЩСԽ֣ΨһȥǼλŽȥԣЩСԵ˽˽ĳ̶ȿνٵĿ
СԽ֣ȫ̶ǽŶľܣһѼС̯һţ⴮С̯ͣӡ
θСЩҲֻһʱԼ֮ûгСҲ䵽˶ľɵĶ
ڳһߺ˽µĶ
ľɶ䶯˶תͷȥ£û
²ӣˣôܻûأ
߰ɣȥһɣ˵ҲþûгԹˣȻСԽ֣ȥһһˡ
ƺǸζζƵİ죬ȴĶľɻ˸
Ž³ЩνǳԳĻеΪˡ
ôණûڳԵĻҪֳһˣҴȥȱ̲Ȼɢɢһ°ɡľ˵űҪŽԶС̯
ֳһҲҪҾҪȥһҾͳһ㣬ľʹԼɱﵡ

ܲסµĥӲݣնľɰ
վС̯ߣľǸζüζѾʳ࣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôϲֶ
С̯ϰõĳݵĳɹһͣ۹⣬һСԽ֣ĳڵˣǾúóԵĻԾѡʳҲǺʳˣҲųһԽǲŽһ㣡
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˵ֻľĻܣҡҡͷ˵ûУֻҪˣʲô١
ֱ˺һӣŻɿԷǣ֣һɽߡ
ɣҾұƬǼºпܸйϵͻȻ˵
ղɽּ䣬Ȼ˺ö£ʱǼһɽ̽յʱǰͷ䲻֪Ϊʲôߵĺÿ죬ҲһʱûиȥŸɢˣ֮ǰȥʱͻȻ˵ҪȥϲڼҲһִ䡣
һеĻɲǿѨ磬ǽϸһŵõĽ
ֻǻɶѣȷǲ䣬Ļ
Ŀһ£ϵмŵأ
ľɴ˼Ƭ̣뵽ղҽµĹУ¶ĺ£ҵʱҲǺ棬Ϊĳһһµӡ
Ҳе㻳ɣû֤ݵʱǧҪݾߣһЩȦȥҹɫУľɵɫЩް
µͷʾͬ
Ȼľ»ǱҪ侲һ㡣
ԽԽ벻ˡ
µĿ̫ȣöľҲӲˣﴽôݵҡ
һղסԼҪ㣬͵
仰ľɹ˼΢һͱͨƤû˵
ԣºݺݵһۣҲûˡ
ɽﻹżᴫһЩҶӵĸֵֹǽȴû˿⡣
Աһֵ߰ɡ
˳ŶľЩǺãһ·˳ɽ
ľɺͽ˹˾ԱסľƵ꣬ҪǽҵˣǲҪģȻЩ˶ɽˣǶľɿóǶǺѰҽ£Ҳܹ
ʱԱҲۼھƵĴľɺͽˣȫһӵϣΧ˸ˮйͨ
ʦڻˡ
ܹû̫ˡ
ǲ֪֪ʧ֮ܲǸɭɭӣҵڻǵá
ǰǰǵҲͷˡ

ߴߴԼ˵ͣһůûоòͷ䴽ǳš
Ƕ꺮ůľɲȤӣҲûϣĵʱļ⡣
ģǳ
ʵûʲôĵĻ˵ʱԱǲɢԻصԼķ䡣

ºͶľתҪǵСԢʱں
ת֡
Ťͷ˿ľɣӽǣֻܿĲϲκС
üŶľɳ߹ȥǰһЦŶ˵ôˣôȥϢ
´һ֮һЦҸոϴ˸裬ճЩ˵ˣҾ㣬ȻһͿ㱻Χˮй̫ͨˣҼȥֻõǶ֮ϲء
ǹ˾Ҳвϲҵˡµ˵
仰ָ֮ǰϵǼ¡
˵꣬½䡣
ûµĻлЦ֪ɣôϲҲ͹ˣˣû˰ɣ
ɿľɵ֣ǰתһȦڰ֣㿴м˵ӣ
ûоͺã˵߶ﻹͦھεģϸһĻͿԷֶһˡֱǸ˵ҲĶθУҲκһ˿
ü֣ҡͷûκιϵԼ̫ˣҪȻô˲߶߶أ
ľɲϲ˵Լǣµ֣˵˵ʱ䲻ˣˡ


498һ

˵꣬ֱŽ뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰüͷΪľֻǲϲѣûж롣
ھƵϢһڶʡһϲ̻ضľš
ʱʱľɺͽ˻ǵһڹ˾ר档
ڴϵԱǿ治ŵСʱһ̾
̫ĽЩרʸˣҲ뵱ܲôŮѰ˵ߵﷺİݡ
Աߵ˺ĳЦߣӣǾͷɡ
Ȼǰ죬İҲôԡ
һ˵Ц
СľĿǰ΢
¿ľӣ̲סͷЦһ
Цľתͷü΢壺Цʲô
æסЦ⣬ôﶼûãЦ⻹ǿ˼֣˹ЦߴȤûʲôǺȻһر˧
ľüһĨζЦݣһи˧ӣ벻Ҫʶһ£˵꣬Ŀڽ´һ
ʶðסԼ壬赲˶ľɲ
޳ܣ·߷ߵĵһۡ
ô޳ˣȥˣСԴĶʲôľɳ཭µͷ
ķ˿ϸľҲ᲻÷ſˡ
µͷûľôһ࣬ȫˣһ
ͷ°Ѷľɵָúÿĳɡ
װͰȴ͸żֿɰʵϲ
áľЦһ

죬ľžͷһ¡
ΪʲôҪͻȻǷ𰡣
˵Ϻõ˲ſõ𣬿ξȻÿ˶õԱýȻǿĵģǹ˾ǻ
Ϊǹ˾һʴӣ㽱ǸӴӯС׼ˣ˾֮ԻǷҪǣһǵĶ־ǶҪԼõһչֳɲҪܲõƬⰡ˵αֺã´λпܻǷ𡣡ų͵
ۣܲҲ̫˰ɣ
֯ȥɽָǽ´λʲôеСڴأ
˵ܲǲͻȻķ֣֮ǰǣҪúһǡ
ҾǰѵûзܲԴӸʦһ֮ϵıûô𣿡

ۿЩ˻ִûҪסļ󣬲ųʱȰո˵ʲôˣ˾﷢ǺúùģǸոڸʲô죿˳һһϢ
˵⣬ųͣ˹ӡ
˶ϲֵθڵΪ׷׶Բų͸¶
Ǻ񣬲ųҲþգЦǾǣʱӰĹʷѻһ㣡ʱҿԶӵ࣬õǮ
칫һ󻶺

ۿۿۡվš
·еǦʣʰһϵͼߣŵɡ
űƿ䣬Ҳе֣⼸죬ĴѾûɻˡ
æʲôأߵµİ칫Աߣɨһ档
°Ѳݸֽó򴽣鱦
ͼϻһмŵһ̫ģĵ׹ȻûʲôװΣӰС
һ仰˵򵥶ʧС
ⷽ棬ʵʵ¡
ãҪҲһͺˡ˵ţ̾һ
ЦοҲⷽԴ΢һ㣬˶ԼóҲԷֵġ
ͷϵıÿ˼֡
ˣΪʲô˾ͻȻҷ𰡣ʡ
룬͵ΪľǩһʹĴӡ
˵ţľɵĵ绰ʹ˹
ľɵĻԾţЦЦ˵Ӱɡ
µͷ˽
ôˣ˵ʱﲻĴ˼ᡣ
ȥҼҳԷ룬ľں油䡰䣬һǻȥ
ʵľҲǺһȥʤˣû취ֻϾסڶľҵģͬһ˾һȥĻЩ˵ȥ
ü䣬Ͳ˵ԱߣȻҸ˵һ
绰ͷ˲֪˵ʲôʲôµ˺üͷ
һͨŽ
ȻһľҰɡ˵
ԣеЩ죬ϴθľһؼңһ·ϵɻĿģ룬仹ǵ˵ͷ
λȥľɵɫǱϴκÿ࣬ҲΪڵԵʣһ·ϣľɲû˵໰
ľҵĲϣ˶ľˣʤУľꡣ


499ʤҪ

ȷĲ֮󣬶ľ굹ǴʱѾȥԼķ䡣
֪ΪʲôĪץ֮ԸҲƽǴԼѾ޿ˣԲʲôֵ顣
Ӱʱ򣬽µ鵹ԵЩϾƺѾһʱûмĪӷˡ
֮Ƕľ꣬Ҳûйҹ鷳
Ƕʱľȥm֮ЩӦأϾԭֵͻȻƽǷ˭ϣôһЩӦ
裬ôʱô԰뵽ЦѯһԱŵʤС
Ͼľµֿɲ٣ҪһͻȻıԼԣһǼô׵顣
ԣʤЦ˵ԵЩοǲף˵ǰĪҵĹ˾ȥӦƸˣұΪĪҿ֮ǰǵŮͽ˼ӦûҲϰɣǵ̬ȻǲҲͷˡ
˵ʤЩεҡҡͷƺ֮ѾܾûгֹĪˣʱ򣬽¶Щİ
ԭ
ԣ
ȷӡУľĪӷиģ벻⻹ΪĶ
ܹúõ˼ȫϣǻͦõһ顣
˵ǰȥطˣôʤЦ˵
ԭʮϲ£ڿ¹һҲҪ˵˵Ѷľˡ
ԶľɵҲйûн˼ߣһԱæҲøǼŮһ˵ʱ䡣
뵽ǰ飬º˶һۣж׵ʱʲô飬ֻǶǳˣ˵ҲǱϲǵģɽϷЩ飬Ҳ˵ȥ
һȥɽ棬ʵͦģ䣬ʱҲԴȥɽһأЦ˵۾ģ쳣ÿ
˵ģȻʤ˱üϾƽﶼţҪȥûκεʱ䡣
ðڼû£Ժʱˣʹҳȥ棡
ҪȻٹʱûлˡ˵ʤеıǽԵЩȣû׹ʤ֮⵽ʲô˼
䣬ǹҪȥˣʤЦе񣬽¾ʹôһ¡
ò˵ϢʱлǾϲģϾԼҲף֮ʤдǰûиŶľɵĸףҲϹһȥΪνŮ
ҲָˣʤܹԼʵҲһرõ顣
͸һҾҪˣɩûЦ˵ǿ˫ﻹЩá
ҪǳȥˣĲµĻѽСҿųģȻ˵ѾҵŮˣʵһֱǰ㵱Ůģ𣿡
ʤеҲʼԽ¶ûκζġ
仰˵ںܶʱ¶ʤϻõĵһůСûбʲôԴһĸ׵ŮˣȴȶԼӻҪá
ҵȻˣİɣҾҲᱻ۸ģ˵ˣ˭۸أ
֮жľɱ˭۸أ
ȻʤҲˣЦԱߵ䲢û뵽˵ĶԻ֮С
ʤеȻ˼ˣ˵ˣȻ˵˲ϤϾԼСʱһΣСѾͷҲһˣʤԭȻԸܵ۸
ɣȥеˮǳԣſ졣
ʤ˵ʱ򣬻µԴתųȥ
һӿֻʣ˽ºˣ˶һ֮Ц˳
ҲǸոմطƽʱҲûʲô·Ծ·
ոϿһҪȻҿô΢΢üЦ˵ƽĹϵرá
ԣڴӦֻ˫俴ĵط΢Щӡ
ܹĳΪ۶ðദķʽرϲġ
䣬ͻȻ뵽֮ǰ壬뵽ˣǻΡ
ϧ˻һˣ㹻ᣬǰ˱ҲˣƫƫĵһŻ͸˵ġ
壬ٺҲû취³Լǰ


500ٴ̽

˴Žĳ·ʺģһ֮
˼ͼƬҾ⼸ŲѡѡҾðɣҪȻͶ˰ɣڶľŵĹôߣ˵ǰɣ
˵Ц˳ϾǿЦģ˶Լͬı˴˵ļ
ӱϿĻദܾõĹۡ
жŸԵ˼ǱϿô
Ȼ˵֮Цشյ˽µߣĿ˶ľɵϡ
˵˵ܲòڻæ֮ǰǸͬɣ
԰
벻ͬôҪȻؼҳԷˣæ飬ҼǵһǸʧĺͬûôŬأװʶĿŽ£˶ԵЩȡ
ǵȻˣ㿴һͬʱûиǼӹʣǴ׳һЩϢһμӰԱӼǧأȻӰҲӦֻҪɣһ
˵ǸСӣǵĶľɻ˵Ļ⡣
Ȼ˵ģӾ۾΢΢ģĻҲӼ࣬ʱҲܶ򼸼·ٸ򼸼·
ҰڼҲףһβܲþǵĻһ治֪Ӧôźá˵ԵЩί
Щ鲻ȥǰûоĻôлأ֣Ŀ⸴ӵջĿ⣬¾֪ˡ
˵ʼֻǻĻʱദͲˡ
һһε̽ںͬ飬ԭûô򵥡
ֻʲôСžţŻôɻҪʡ
죬ǵˮƴˣʲôԵˮ涼С
ۿ̧ͷʲôʱͻȻʤЦ˳лһ̣вٵˮ̵ġ
첽ɳԱߣˮƴ̷ϡ
ǿ쳢Ҷġ˵ʤлЦЦ
Ȼ˵ѾСˣںܶʱһĸףܹ˼ͷҲΪСദıȽ϶࣬ԸһֱǷǳõġ
¶ȻЦŴӦǩ˼ˮԡ
ɰȻؼ˾ͲҪæԵˮ
Ȼ˵ûľɵעʤһѵöľɷ˵ԡ
š΢΢ͷӦ˽ߣɽǩһ飬ŽԼ
Ҫͬرæûа취ŻæһʱҲпմһȥһ¡ľ˵
ʤлǸĮӣҲֻϰˣǶԼĸһֱʮ𾴲Ұġ
ԣʤвȻص˵ͷ
ҲҪע尡һֱȥ
һһľ˵˲١
⼸һֱڶľɼסģϾĴģ̫̫ࡣ
ۿҹˣ²˶ľɵĳ뿪
һֱűĶľԽԽԶµ˼Ҳƽ뵽źԻһξ΢΢üͷࡣ
һû뵽գգ۾Щ˸С
Ѿȷ𣿡
ˣ⼸ѾҺöͬˡ
˵תͷŶľɣ鿴ƺЩġ
ҾǲΪʲôҪļ¶ȥҪȥ׬ǮĻҲܹ⣬ϾȱǮ˵⽭¿һʵںܶʱҪƿһˣֻҪ֪ҪʲôȻҪģƵĽܹ׾ٵƿһˡ
֮ǰҶĿҲ֪ˣûһǮǵΪʲôѵǼǺ𣿡
˵ЩֲʲôʮĴ󻵵ΪʲôҪЩ飿
ԣľջĿ⣬ɿŷ̵֣Ľµ֣ο
ʵܶ鶼ҲɽģǱϾһΣգζҪ𣿡
ǰңһлǹ˾ЩʧҲ취һصġľͳ˵ʱ֮ƺЩŭ⡣
óǶľҲˣϾǸŮǵڹ˾Щ飬Ҫ֪ʼɹ˾ڲԱʱûн˼ϡ
İɣһƺԼ
֪ǣΪʲô¿



501͵

Ķľնý˺ܿһЩطŵƣЩԸӰԱҪ׬һǮҲǿġ
һУµʮָӡ
λӦö˰ɣһЩҹǶһټɡ
һѶЦ˵
һԭڹԱǶЦеĹá
ۿеĶֵòˣ²̧ͷĿһڽ湤ϡ
˼ˣеһݣĵĹԱߡ
䡣˵
ԣʼûиܵ¹ڽͻȻ˵ʱŵһ
̧ͷŽ£εЦ
л۾ģرĿģӹ˽µݹҹ֮ſһۣһӳ
Ҳ֪ʲôʲôһ㡣Ц˵ʱӹԱߡ
ó˵ĲǼٻΪÿÿһݶǸָģǶ࣬Ҳ֪ϾԶˣܶ˶Ըġ
㻹ˣ˵˵һݹûйϵ㻹Թ˵¼˸ӣιĿС
˵ģӱϿʲôҲֻԼף֮˾Ҫù˾ǸûзҲֻˣǸ˲ʱж
Ҳܹʱ֪Ǹ˭Ͼڻ䣬ĻҲް취
ⲻǿڹľҲڹǣʱһȥ˵ʱ򣬽»ԵЩ˼
ѽ˵Ҿ׵ġ
һЦ˴˶ױ˴˵˼
˵һ֮󣬽±ջԼĿ⣬˵ҪȥҶľɡ
ȷǹ˴ҹģϻһǾҪʱ򿴿ûʲôֵĵط
һ·ϿҲûзʲôֵĵطֻȥʶľܲпЩ
ݵĿ¥㣬ʱܿԬ湤ȷʵľ̸һͬģΪץס˾νڹһԡ
ϾǻԵĻ֪һбҴһ죬Ҳֻʵģŵġ
ܲûæء½Ԭ˵һ䣬ջԼĿ⣬עǰļ档
ϾһεĺͬȷʮҪģҪ֪ܺĻϹ˾һֱضóҵˡ
ʱĻ껹أܹ֧סľŵҵ֪˭׵ġ
ԣ´ӦһŰ칫˽ȥոž洫˶ľɵ뵽Ǹ鿴ļ湤ģоĪľЩů
߽ȥʱеӡͬһģһ
ڸܵ½֮󣬶ľ΢΢̧ͷеļ
ԭĮı飬ڿʱҲů
״һʱ֮ϷӦƺʲôʱֻҪľɿʱģ
ԣҲǸ߸˵˶ľɵߣʱ۾Цģ쳣ÿ
ոҸҹȥ̽һ£㿴ʲôȷǸ˽𣿡
̽ѯʣϾкܶأ
ģȻа취
ľɳЦţƺǿʲôֽ¶Щҵͷ˶档
ҪҪȻȥʱ䲻ˣԬҲԡ
УС˵ģ¸Ͻҡҡͷ
һң˳㿴ϵǸʲô˵ʱ򣬽˱üò˵ⷽһرˡ
ƺǵĶľɲͬ⣬⳯գգ۾
Ȼǻͬ⡣
֮һڰ칫Ա߿ļһԱµ鱦Ʒ浹ԵһҲΥ͡
֮ԱߵĶľͻȻų濴֮󣬱ĿŽ¡
ʱൽˣҲԳˡϣľסµ֣첽˳ȥ
ĵģӦԼİա
״ҲǷ
Ѿ׼ˣڵǻͦڴġЦ˵
ջ˼Ŷľһ˳ȥ
·Ԭǰʱ򣬻˵˾䣬°ˡ
ʲô𣿡ȻԭԬ̧ͷ´ҴҵʰļϽˡ


502¹

Ŷľ˵ݡ
ۿдʱԽԽҲЩ
ôˣܵ˽µľʮᡣ
ԣҡҡͷųһԲõЦݣʵϣǸ˲
ᣬϾĹϵǲͦϣԼܹӵһĺѡ
Ҳϣľ˵
ϣֻһˡ
ոսŷ¥㶼쳣İ
ˣͬǵ̬Ҳ쳣棬ľ֮һŷĵ
ʱѾˣǲʰҲ߰ɡľɿܵˣ΢ص˵ͷ
ԣͬĻϲĵͷӦ
ллܲã
Ȼȥˣ
ٿԭƣͬ£Ѿûľɵ˵쳣˷ܵġ
ۿЩ˶뿪ˣʱʰ˶˽¶˵ǰ
ȻԬȥһؼҡʱ򣬽գգ۾˶еʲô˼ƽʱʱҲΪסڶľɼңںܶʱԬ˳·ͻȥġ
ԣҲЦŵ˵ͷóҲ쳣ġ
ϣϣİɣЩҶ׵ġ
ͽ¶ľɶ˴˸к֮󣬸Ÿո¥Ԭһ·˳ȥ
ĽºͶľ˶һ֮󣬱˴˶˱˴˵˼˵Ҳ˵ݡ
˵֮󣬽ֳʱ͵͵˿Ҫʱ˽˽ʲô
ֻû뵽ոտһͱľɸס˼عͷ
ҪͷľͳǲǸˣǵĻ϶ῴûߡ
˵ģȻȷĿĻǸ˵Ļͻǲʲôıʱһж׷ˡ
ô죿
뿪
ϣľɰŽ´򿪳ţ˳֮󣬲Ƶһߣϳ˳ӡ
Ȼûһj߾˺Ҳһ۳ľ
Ϊķͬ¼ҵķͶľǷûһͿľɵĳˡ
ϣĳ٣·ϰģÿж飬׽
ڸʻϣʱ濴һۣЩǡ
ԬʱʱЩСڵȺƵʱ򣬳ÿڿʲô
Ȼ·ûʲôǱŽͨԬûдơ
ҡҡͷջߣۿתתЦǸԬɣͻȻҪȥ㶫ȻԼȥͺ
УôˣһŮӻȥ̫ȫҲǽʦίҵģҵñ֤İȫҪʲôȥˣҪôԬҲ;ܾҪ
ԬһȫͻؼҾͲĵģ˳ϵĨת˲ţһЦǿɲУҪȥһҪͦʱģҲ˷ʱ䰡˵԰ɣϰʣ߸СʱˣôԲúϢǰҲԼһ˻ȥģҲûʲô£ԬͲõˡ
Цӯӯȴ͸żģԬҲܾɣεðɡ
ıӰԬ򴽣¸˶ľɡ
˵ͻȻ³ˣľɽü΢塣
Ҳ
ã֪ˡľɳ˵
绰Ҷ֮󣬽´չʣģ
ľɵͷոԬ绰˵·ͻȻ˵Ҫ³ȥһţҾ϶йŹ֡
ع˾ͬ
û뵽ܹôĬ˵仰ĿԣɵȻһЦ
ľɽת˸䣬˾ķȥ
һߵڿԬĳʧ֮ʹһֱ˾
ľȵ﹫˾˾ļţ˵Ŀ궼ǽŹ˾ſڡ
ûãͿһ⳵վſĴ˿ͽ˹˾ȥ
ɣҾ˲Ͽô򵥡ɫĮ۵׵ı껹Զ׼
μʱ˽ļ֮ͥ󣬽ֻǺͬǵĽӴͦϲģΪϣ¸ֿܵΪѳͷڣΪʲôء


503 ɱ֤ʵ

ľɿŽѹӣĿһ޲Ĺž˿ϲŭɫİ
ûҪΪѹӦóΪѹԴͷɤͳ͸żֶᳰ
¼̾һεЦЦҪ⣬
˹˾֮Ĵ˿ȷû֮ݿȥ
ʱľֵıҲѾȥˣΪҲûˡ
һ飬ﻹһЩģ߽һµڰ˲¥֡
Ƕľɰ칫ڵ¥㡣
Ӱڵڰ˲ʱĶľɺͽ˶ס
Ķʧˣԭôһ˿ϣ˵˾ֻΪöѣۿľɰ칫ڵ¥㣬Ϊʲô
һ¥˶ľɵİ칫⻹нµİ칫ңһ䣬ȥ·˵ͨ
ػϣڰ˲ֱ֮ӽ˶ľɵİ칫ңΪľɰ칫ûװͷԲ֪ȥ֮ڸʲô
ȻûпǸ棬ǶʲôľɺͽҲȻ
߽ľɵİ칫ңĴ˿ڹ￴һļ˿ûǶľ˵ǷݺͬĽ
ܿ죬Ϳ˳ȥ֮ǰͬǣʱϻһļ
ļķľϤǷݺͬ
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ʱľɿͻȻ߿һۣǹһĨζЦ⣬ЦЦģʵЩˣľɵĺȻһͻȻʶʲôæѻڱĽס˶һ棬ǰ滹һСӵţϸĻǾԿﻹˡ
ɣ
˵±ľôһЩ֪룬Ļû˵꣬ͱľɸˡ
и߸ЬԽԽµıŴҴһڵһգգĶſڿ
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䡣
俴ŵƹͨļңüͷ΢壬ôˣ˵ӦѾˣΪʲôﻹŵƣ
Ĵ˿Ⲣûˡ
ҡҡͷҲΪԼ²ʣôĵǱ֮ǰǹصˡ
һʾĻ棬ǹһ˿ײЦ⡣
ֲٿ꣬ҵ˾ſڣڰ˲¥ֹĵطļأһһѸղЩطĻɾ
ڴĬĬĿȫһжôκһ˿ǣ·Ѿǧˡ
۵¶Ȼͣӿ㶵ֻŪĻ˼š
ڰֻŻؿ㶵ʱ򣬽²Сһһ㶯
ڰŪʱͣסĶתĿŽ˶ǿ鴰
ż򣬲俴Լŵһĭ

ʱ֪è˵ĽһСȥ
ľųèǺֵ飬ҵıЩèʱÿζһЩԵģǱٶжèķˣèӰʱڼңԴ˲ûие֡
һֻèΪղŵĶҲģʧ˴룬˸ԼؿڣΪղԼˣݺݵһֻè
ֻèôġ
ҳȥȥ߹ȥŸ߸ЬĽųè߹ȥҪϳȥ
Ҫߵèʱ򣬱ܿ˹ȥèһš
èҲĵ⣬һһԾӰʧڴ̨
èȥߵԱߡ
ŽŲԼԶһЩ²һһҲְ̫й
˺һͻȻһƬڰŪ뿪ˣڴֵһû´򵹻ǲȷ뿪ˡ
ºͶľɴӴ˳
ľߵǰѵƸ򿪡
Ѽ򿪣һ¼ƵȻֹĻ涼ʧһɶ
˵ΪʲôôۿһУ»ǲԸˡ
ľ򴽣Ĭˡ
Ҳ㲻ΪʲôֻһͶˣΪʲô˼ȴô
¼΢ɲĲ˲⸡ɬɬģЩӣ֮ǰĺ䣬û뵽ͷɵģƭôʱ仹֪
صĻͦõģദôʱ䣬ҪıЩ֣Ҳɡ
ģҪѹˡľ߽£޳ָһһµĹŽ½۵ա
°ͷľɵĽʵƽסźһ㡣
ľ˵ûӦΪһʼƭѹ
̧ͷ䴽ǣľ¶һЦ
öľΪѹ
ˣؼҰɣ˵Щľɳһӣסµļȥ
ؼҵʱ򣬶ľһȽ滺Ĵ֡ӺܻŸо鶼ɢࡣ
ƫͷŴⰲҹ滺֣Ҳƽࡣ


504 Ʊ

ڶ죬ϰʱ򣬽İ칫ң˼߽ȥ˵䣬һ¡
½֣ĶͣŽӣһĨţܿͱȥ
һ뿪֮󣬰칫ͷ
ǿղŽʦıûУ˭Ƿһ
һǵһο¶ıء
˵ǲ˶Բʦ鰡
Աһֱƽ׽˵󣬶֮ǰҹΣ˾˶ΪͽǺѣ񿴵һĻǱʲôԲµ¡
Ž³ȥ֮󣬽ŵʣôˣ鲻ã
ޱƳһۣԺһ仰˵ˣ˵ȥľɵİ칫ҡ
²̫˵ӣЦݽϣĿһ£ΪʲôͻȻԼô䵭ͻȻ뵽飬ѵ
뷨һͰˣӦûб˷֣춼һ飬˾ⲢûгˣֻͻȻֻè⡣
Žһ˶ľɵİ칫ңľڰ칫ǰƤ䡣
´ͻȻ뻢Ѩĸо
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ľ޾Ԩһ䣬ڵף˲²͸Щʲô
ʵҡҡͷǷʲô𣿡һĨִ١
ͻȻڣ㵽׺Ҫװʲôʱ鶼ѾˣαػҪװأ˾ʲôˣǸɣȻɫƽóŭ⡣
ԣк˲ͷѵıˣ̽
˵ʲôĲҺԬһ˾İֻ;˳ȥ˶ѣ궫֮ܿͻȥˣûлع˾Ϊʲô˵ϴЩί·¸ղ˵Ƿ˵һ
ҿһ֣ѼԼֹĻ涼ɾˣƾô˵û֤ݡ
ﻮһ˿⣬ָֻܿƽ޲
һӣЦһۿЩٶľ޹ˡ
㿴ʲôµĵͼƬչǰ
ֻͼƬʱ۾ոջΪû֤ݣô⣬û뵽һó֤ݡ
ͼƬһŮվڼǰٿꡣ
µغãʱ򣬰ѼҲȻЩģǿԿӰ
俴ǸյĽǶȣǶڴģǵ㶯ֻèŪģǶںĽ·ģ
ʶһ㣬ӰûڣϸһµĻڽ¾ͲƬˡ
ڻ˵ʵ°ֻջѾûһ˿Цݡ
ôôңǣƭ㣬ȥ˹˾ûȥöľܰ칫ļװſ˽µֱۡ
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û˵ȥɰ칫ļô֪ôˣü
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䣬ȰϽҽһΪʲôҪôǲûʲôϸɣľɱҪĻ˺䡣
ϬĿ⣬֪ģ䲻Ծɪһ¡
ľüۣĺͫӿ˱һĺ⣬ͬ϶˸е
˵ǰ֪ľǸദˣǰľɻڰЩϣڣľԶ׼
һ´ľܣ֪˵ʲô㶼ţһң⼸˳飬Ҳɹѹأ˵Һûʲôϸʲôȥ˺ǵ顣˵䣬ӿ⣬һһģ˿ơ
£
ݼôã˵޾ͿޣôȥӰأ
տʼ»Щܲ䱳ǵ£ֻ̫װˡ
ٸһλᣬ˵ʵ֪ġľɶԳ䲢Ϊ⣬͸Ĺâ
Ķ䲻Ĵһðһ㱡Ŷľĺ˿棬䲻ҰԼһȥ˱ۣǾʲôһ


505มˮ

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Ҿǹģͬõģ֮ǰЩºϵƬҲĵģ벻ɣ߾ȻһΣյˣЩΪ˱㣡ݺݵĿŽ£û˸ղŵǸӣһƬ⡣
Ȼ֪ˣ׶ʱ»Ǿúᣬڸסĸӣۿ䣺ΪʲôҪôݵʲô
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ЦЦǶѾ֪ôˣٶһЩҲû£ʵ˵ɣĪˣ֮ǰͨң㡣
۵׻һ˿⣬ԭĪģЦһԭĪɹһ߹ҲʲôĴ
ԭ²ͱ˵Ը񣬵ǶЩĥ˽ӡ
ŵвңҲ˵ԭ
Ȼ鶼ѾеһˣǾûҪٸɫˡ
仰̵ģǰһ޺޶Ž¿£˵ʲô˵˭ǹ
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䣬ߵľż㣬һ̱ڵϣûκα顣
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˦ŵ֣ЦΪҳͷ⻹һЦЦˣֶʲô£ҵϣ͵˾ĺͬЩǰ䣬ʱˣɲԲҪټˣ
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С㣬߰ɡһ
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ϵѾҡ
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Ǹžһȥȴ룬˾ſΧԱ
Ϊʲô䱻ץˣ
ɣҾ˵°ɣҾ˵콫ʦʱɫ̫ԣԭ˶Բ顣

Ҳ˱Ѻŵ䣬һֱͷǲ˱֮ǰаģһأߵǰ°ͣӴǿأ֮ǰǸĳ˽ôˣǸνĽòأȻǶ˵ģĵָ˽¡
ǱƳһۣϲûге߳ŭӣƽӸвˬ
ҿ㶼ɻҲ֪ʲô£Ѿˡ˵£ֻðϡ
ˣ˵ˣ컹ô⿴ţӲӶԬ䳰Ȼϲ䣬Ϊᡣ
ԬôһƢˣ仰ɹԬüЦ˭ƾʲôңͳϣ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ˡ
һŰģԬЩͷʹεӿڳԺûµĻٸλСӴɡ
Ҳû˵ֵ̫Ļ伸֮󣬾ͽˡ
뿪֮󣬿ŻԱΧŵԱľ˾Ϸģ
ϹӶ˶ľ鲻ãһȺصԼĹλϡ


506¶ľٳ

˾ڽ˵ûʲôӰ졣
û䣬ڿԾǰڵʱ򣬾εȥԷ˼·֮ǰЩΪ⣬ڿΪġ
ͼ֮󣬽´Ӱ칫վߵشǰŴһƬҲ˸
ķ羰ͻȻһ£֮ǰӦʤУ˵Ҫһȥú棬ȴΪԭһֱϵҲûʵŵԣʱˣһȷʵҲģҲԳλһȥɢɢġ
»һ󣬿һʱ䣬°ֻʣ¼ˣľӦҲѸô鶼˰ɣ
ܵľɵİ칫ȥ
ɡţ̽ȥһСԴ
µļ̌ͷ΢䣺ôˣ
͹ˣ˵Ȼ°ˣ㹤æûаߵ칫ԣľż硣
󺣾ʹģ¾磬缼ȻƲ˴࣬Ҳ¯ˡ
һľɵļҲ۾Ž´
˺һͣʣ𣿡
ľɵͷ΢Ȼû뵽㻹ôõļܣ㻹жҲ֪ģ
֪ˣµֻʹɫİѽµǣİţӷ·ڶʲô䱦һ
ЦЦȤһ㲻֪ģôûȤ˽һ°
Ȼ֪仰Цĳɷƫ࣬ľ룬Ŀ˵ҾǿδδϵЩûչֳŵ㣬ᱻһһھ
˻ܲ˶ľͻɿ顣
²˼ĵͷ︹̣ʲôʱſϰЩõ黰
ˣ˵һ£֮ǰǴӦĸҪһȥʱˣͬæˣЩԱҲüӰ֮ļһȥ档³⡣
ľ㶣¸ո˵ǡǵļˡ˵ѾԷļ˹滮һ档
ͻȻúܺá
ľɷ֣ڵû̶ȼڽһ仰ܹá
һһܹڰ
á

ͬԶľ˵ѣټԱǶŬԺܿˡ
ľ£¸ĸͶľɻʤΧһȥ档
ȥ滹ȥﰡʤʵ
˵ҶԵģҪǴǳȥ棬ǵģȥʹȥġ
ãҾ͸һ¡ʤת͸ҷˡ
ԱߺദİְǣҲһп
ʱһ绰
ѭȥָָľɵĿ㶵ĵ绰ˡ
ľɴӿ㶵ֻǳɨһۣԬ֡
֪Ԭͷ˵ʲôľɵɫ
֮ͨ󣬽´˴ľɵĸ첲ĵʲôˣ
ҵܳˡľɵκ
ʲôºʤͬ˵
ʤæżѯʣôˣٳʲôˣ
Ҳľɡ
ֱͦıŵıüϰԵţüиԶĽᣬϸȥûС
ҲԬոոҴ绰˵Ĺ˾˵¡
ʵԬ˵˶ľٲ飬ֻ°˵ʤлܲˣѡ˲˵
ô찡Ǹ˾ܵһִģ˵Ĵһ㣬ǺܸģôͻȻأǰУϢʤϾͲ˵֮顣
ʤеļ򣺡̲ҪģٻûµģȲҪżһľɺúðжľڣͲõˡ
ʤҲͬ仰ľɰµȷûʧ
ʤеͷ¾͸ˡ
һ׼ȥļƻҲͻϢˣֻʱƻں档
˶ľţ²ʵֻǰٵĹ˾𣿡
Զľɵ˽⣬ֻǶľٵĹ˾Ļǲ¶ıģһһص⡣
ľҲûֽ¿ˣ̾һԬ˵ҲˣڵȥĹ˾һǸʲô


507ƽ־

ľٵĹ˾һҴȦĹ˾֮ǰľҲûȥĹ˾⻹ǵһ߽Ĺ˾
һȥľɵˡ
һ˾˵һֺĲгûǰ̨ţľǵһ˾ǰ̨ӦҪѯһŶԣ˾ȴûУҲܻң˵Ļ֪һ˾
ߣ͸͸ĲľɿԿʲô
ƵĵĴƣ˯˯֮ʲôĶУ·ԼԼļˣûһڹġ
¿ⷬҲǸеȣ֪ľٴһҹ˾û뵽ȴǴ˷״
ڶľٲˣҲЩԱǿľٲˣԲŸôΪȺɵĺ
ɣǸô죿ľɵ䣬Щò⡣
ľû˵Ž߽˰칫ȥ
칫ÿ˶æԼ飬ûע⵽ſվŵˡ
ǰ尡ɵվŸǲǵŸͷҲǷˣ
ըٺӮˣǮǮ

˷м仹ź
¿ŵذϵĺüУ΢΢鴤һ£İԼɼ˰
ţȥˮһ˵ţתͿվſڵĶľˡ
´˶ľһۣһװһͼֵƵӣ֪һͷˣǰʵ˭ǹ˾첻ϰ࣬ܲʲôĻǵø죬ڲ
ľƳһۣʵܲģ
˭֪һ춼ûпӰǲǱҲ֪Ƿǹʻûиֻڹ˾һͰѸ˵Ĳ˵ȫ˵ˡ
üԾΪľٲˣ˲Żô
ǸʶԼ˵ˣЩ˼ͷ˼˵ˣûʲôµĻλذɡ
˵꣬Ҫߣȴľɸסˡ
ȱߣȣܲǳԺֵ𣿡ľɨһһƬǽİ칫ҡ
칫ҲͣĶ˯˶ˣȫˢˢĿŶľɡ
ΣܲòǱˣ˾Ա֮䣬ζûУûĹһǣϣǿ֪ԼĹλʲôľɵɤкܴ
˵껰֮󣬰칫û˸Ҵǻ
˺һһ˳˭ƾʲôģ
˻һҲŸԾǲľɵĻ
ľЦһϲûʲô飬ûΪЩ˵ǶľɣľŵܲãҲܲõĸ硣
ᣬȴصҽÿ˵Ƕľɵʱ򣬰칫ÿ˶סˣжʮ룬칫նһƬž
ţð죬칫ŷһ
ԭΪľٲڹ˾ˣǾͿԺú÷һˣû뵽ξȻѶľɸˣ˵ľɵǷǳݵġ
ϰãʮ֮ҪܸɾûдɨõĻǱҪˣֱ߰ɡУǹ˾ǰ̨˭ֵڼ䣬úڴܵûκμ˼ֻǺƽڷԸһ¡
仰ȴͬһʥּ㣬ж
¿Щһ뻹ֵˣһͶˣΪľĬĬ˸ޡ
ʮӣ칫ҾѾָһʼ࣬ľɿ˿ĵذ壬ֻǵ˵ͷûκα飬˲²͸Щʲô
ֻǶûһ˸ҳʡ
Ȼ˾ˣҪúùԭǸʲôҲλ
ľ˵꣬æͬӦ˼á
ŶľٵĹ˾ҲָºͶľɵĲŷһиһҪľʱڹ˾ȥˣ
˻ص˹˾ľɰԬԸȥһ¶ľЩطֹ
ԬӦһȥȥˡ
뿪֮󣬰칫ֻʣ¶ľɺͽˡ
ɣ˵ôĪĲµĵʵ
û£õģҵġľɰѽԼĻο
ҲŶľɵʵȻô˵ˣǾûʲôҪĵģͷһŸƽࡣ
ԸԬȥҶľٵͬʱľҲûţĹһĶͶ뵽ҶľٵжС


508°ֶ

Ҫҵһô׵飬ľãҲûзκιڶľٵϢԬǱҲϢûйڶľٵϢ
ľٿȻȭһӣޱ飬ĺԽԽʢ
Ա߿ţҲһ£ҪǰοοľɵֻͻȻһ¡
ҪöľٻŻȥ͸ʮ
Ϣ·飬̧ͷ۲ľɵɫͷǰ鷢סӣڵ
ľɸϢǴ˸绰ȥ绰һűͨ
ҴӦǮҵȷһҵܵǲϡľɵ˵
Ȼϣ˵һ仰ľġ˳¶סľǿ鲼ֻŵľߡ
ľټŴһ磡
ľɵ΢һ㡣
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ͷĺˣûõǮǾԲᶯһëģ㱨˵ĻһˡͷЦ
ľЦһȻǲᱨģġ
УҸڶķϹߣʮңǧҪҴЩӹҪȻҾܵܵʬһᡣ
һݻ󣬰˾Ͱѵ绰Ҷˡ
»³һڸղŶľɸ˶Իʱһڴҳ
׼ô죿ʡ
ľѾ110֣չ¶һЦ³֡
Ŀ΢ţոհڵ绰˵ĺףܱľٵİȫͻܵв룬ҲǲľǸ뿪ĻѱԺ󲻻ȥˣľҲַݻ˵ˣһ룬˶ľɵ֣û赲Ϊ
ľɼ򵥵İ˵һ飬ֽԬȥȡʮ
Ȼȥһ˶Ǳߣڹ˾һӰ֮Уɤʹ
ԣüͷ˵ʲôأʱҵȻҪһȥ
±죬Сֹô˵Ҳҵļˣôʱܲˣ
Ž±ģʵ͸żֿɰľǰǾ仰ʱ΢䣬ѾǱĬİѶľҵ˵һˡ
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ľ˺;Ѿ˶Ϊ˶ľٵİȫ룬ľþǱڷϹܱߣð˷֡
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ϹѾ˺ܾã֮ǰһʯͼӹȻѾ˺ܾãܻǳһζһЩĽζ̲סڱͷǶһ¡
֪ܽţľǣµ֣ţҪһ
ľͳֻ˴˸绰ȥһȥͱ˺ܿĽͨˡ
ľɣˣǲǣǲǱˣûо㣬ҪǱĻҾͻܸܵᣬȻȲ׼ŵԣҲûҪسŵˣŸܵʬɣǱ߷߷˵
ǰȣ仰˵ĵǶľɶԲһ
֪ľɲôЭˣ֮ǰ͵͵ڷϹΧû뾹Ȼ﷢˾ӰҺһ֣ľһзɽĵط
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ڶ죬ľɺ;һֹڶľʧٵ⡣
ԴӶľڷɽʧ֮ǾҲûв鵽κһϢ
òǱǸ˰ȥʡ˰ɣһ⡣
̫ܣΪʲô޷ǾҪõһǮˣȥʡĻԼҪľٳԴסܹƤӵ½ľٸߣȻҲԼһһ˿ԥľͷλĿ
춼ͬĵ˵ͷֶĬ˼˾Ѷľٴȥˡ
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ܹ鵽⼸ľٵȥ𣿿ȥʲôطӴʲôˡ˵
ԣǻúõġ


510 ټĪӷɣѯ޹

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ڣһƬֻʣ±˴֮ĺڶľﶼͬĵģڵҲûа취Ҳľˣһ˿ûУ֪ô￪ʼ
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ĪӷͻȻͷһʹŮĴ˾úۣȴǰĻͻȻܴۣ޷ֱӡ
ΪʱȥôˣͿ԰ѽ¸ˣڽ»û֮ǰҲһֱΪѾѽ·ˣû뵽һȴǻᱻڿʱǻеʹ
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ˣȻĪ֪ĻǾˡӽ֮һֱû˵ĶľͻȻ˵ˣֻһ˿У˶óʱߡ
ľӽ¸Īӷɿʼ˵ʱ͸еˬһˣôܿĪӷɶԽµǵС˼֮ǰĪӷҲ׷һʱ䣬Ȼʧܸˣǿղſµ񣬷ǾδˡȻѾһˣǻСнӴ
˵꣬ľɾŽ
ӷɣҪʲôڰٵϢĻ鷳㾡ҡľſڣŤͷĪӷ˵
ľŽµ°ͣԴǿת
ĪӷʧӰԽ䣬ʲôղڽǰĴҲƽ


511 Ů

ɣûоĪӷЩֵֹģ
뿪Ī֮˻صϣ²ŽԼɵ˵˳
ԣľɿղĪңûע⵽Īӷйĵ㣬ֻע⵽Īӷɿµֵֹģ뵽Īӷɿµûһᣬ˼˵Ȼ϶ֻᱻ˵ɵģľ򴽣û֣ˣ
Ȼ֪ľ뷨̾һ˵ǾЩԾо˺öһԲ㰡ѵ𣿡һӡ
һ޽ӣľеʱɢ࣬ЦЦŮ˵ĵһ㶼׼Ȼ˵Īӷе㲻ԾϿʲôܡ˵꣬͸Ԭ˸绰
ܲʲôԸ𣿡ΪľɵԬѾ˶ľɵ뷨ˣͻȻ绰һҪȥʲô顣
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512ز

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˼֧֧ģͷĴߴٵ˵㣬ˡ
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513³ҹ

һ֮󣬶ľɲŷ滺ȥ
ٶǼȲ۷ֲڰٶȡ
ϳȥһè塣°۾һɲģ
ľŤͷһۣɵЦһ𣺡ôأ
ԣ¾ͲˣǰԣⶼΪ˰٣룬ʧ֮ǰһȥ۵ļǾ˵Ĺϵ϶ֹǼ򵥵¼ϵֵ˶ľһۡ˵㣬ΪĵܵܣôһҲңҲС˰ɣûһŮľһҲż
Žһ߶߶ģľûᷳ˼ȫ̴Цѻ˵ꡣ
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ܱߵ˶ھĵ飬ظ裬ΨһԣһûһĺžƣֵҹԬԵЩ롣
ʱע⵽߶һˣǸ˴һֵƵװǵߣ˶俿䣬ƺǸ˵һ٩Ļ۶Ļ֦Ҳ
۾˶ܿóۺǸ˹ϵǳԬҲɵȻҲǿ˵ġ


514뱣ڴ

۵˽Щңˣ￴һҹҲûκξȵı顣
ԬžƱڵһڣĿĳԶǸСȥ
ʱ۵Ҳ±ϳˣĺǸ˵飬ЦţȫȻûע⵽Ԭߡ
ԬϸĴǸˣЩ죬ƺ
ϸԺһԬԼԼ˵ݡ
ϼŵܲá
ʮͷѾҵһΪˣڵҲһʯˡ
۾Դ˵ķһۣƱһھƣ뿪ҹꡣ

ϣԬŰϢ߶ľɡ
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վȣֳľɰѽƿվԶ㡣ӭϱڵȭͷԱһ£ܿȭͷñûע⣬űڵĶһ¡
ľµĲᣬһȥʹŶӣʱľ۶ı˺ݺݵһײһʹߡ
һȫɵۣľѧɢ򣬲һõĳɼ֪ģ⻹һۿľôײеһ档
Ǻ֣ȴûоĶľɺܿ£ڵʹʹ
ڱľɴſڵһľɳһʼڴһȭ⣬ϲûгҲʵĵطˣľϵĻҳµķȥ
һ㶲ĿԼľͻȻЩڸղûпסոմȷʵЩˣ֪ոûŵľЩ֪ĿŽ£Щ֪˵Щʲô
ʱͻȻͶ뵽Ļ
ˣûдʹ㰡µЩǻ
ľ֪ǵԼｻ֣°ڽͷϣıɵϣҲûҲûʲôˣġ
ģǺСӰ㣬ȫȻû˸ղŴ򶷵ǰݾ
ľһɨƳԱߵۣȫԱ߹ۿţΪڻѶľɸſµģû뵽ȴ˹ڲŷӦҪŸϣͻȻһסˡűǿеƿˡ
ľŽ´˽Źϣ


515ֵ

߽һ۱ȵɳϵŮۡ
ջĿ⣬һɫȻʮĮĶľɣһǲܵġ
鷢˭ϣܹЩҵԼĵܵܣⷢʲôΣա
˵ɣҵ˭ľĶ
ľվ۵ǰ΢΢ɫؿ˫۾̶Ǳ˿һ۶쳣Ľš
㡭Ҫʲô
ҲôشҵͿԡ
ϣľջĿ⣬˼˽µߣȿ۵ӣ΢΢۾дӵĿ⡣
ʵҲ֪Ҳ֪ľȥˣ֪ĻӦҲңֻȥҾæ
ҧҧ͵͵գգ۾˿쳣飬ǲôʾǲĻ˵
Ӧ֪ǼȻܹҵͷһ֪һЩģ͸ղǸڣ˵ĻҲԲǳԿ𣿡
۲ҪֱӰ˵¶˵Ҳż
Ů˺Ů֮ĶԻϽ˵ͦģ˵Ļһ䶼ᡣ
Ȼ˵ЩЩȵĿٵͷ˼һҲˡ
ò˵ľٵĹ˾ǿǲ٣ǶľҵͷϾ֤鲢򵥡
֮ǰҲ˾ְԱ˵ˣûĸ˵ľɺͽ¶ѯʹ
˿ӦǵһԴġ
˾ôǣһߵĸǲ٣߿ôױע⵽
ǼȻ֪ˣҸ
Ҷľģǲ˰ˣ΢΢۾ЩؿʼŮǵ̬ر㡣
·ڳµĸͲϰһ
൱ڶľɵһ㣬Ϊ֪˺˵ôԸ˵̫ĻԸ
ҳҺͶľ֮һЩϵģǷģһεİܸһϵûС
Ҳ˽¶˹Ŀģټ˱ĻӦЩµģ仰˵Ӧ顣
ԥһ֮󣬻Ǵ˵
ҲԸ˵ǹƶûʲôô
˵ţ۵ҲҪԴˣҲһ͡
ǾʱͻȻһʱ˵
Լ˭˺üӦǻûߵġ
ضľüͷתͷɳϵۡ
ѲɱϺǺú˵Ϊ˳ʱ͵͵˲ɣ
˵ϲ˵˾Ǳôиûһ㺦µġ
ԣ۸Ͻҡҡͷתתƺ뵽ʲôǲûнЩ˵ֻװ޹ġ
֪˭ˣ˵Ҽû˹ġ
ŮǣϷһףڶݵʱǺŪȥˡ
ԣ˲Ըʣһһĳſ˹ȥϾ֪ΣֻһҪЩСĽС
񣬶ľ⽫»ŮһϲȻġ
˵ˣ˵ľٵʧٸûһϵҲܹȫȷûһĹϵ
ԻҪ˰ٷ֮ٵİգܹԼеķ
ɾڶ˸ոսӽʱͻȻһġ
ٴ˳ȥ۷
ȵתͷ㿴۾ͺµĿ⡣
ովǹ֧ˣʱѡ
ȻԭŵͻȻͲˣıҴҵĽŲȻ˵ûп浽ǸʲôҲܹӦˡ
۵֮󣬾һǷʲô顣
֮󣬶ľɶ˵ɫȻģ»صԼλϣһ㣬ۻû׵Ƿôһ¡
ˣѵȥ׷𣿡
һֱţǸľɶ˵עȻҲóʱ͵͵ߣϾľٵûйϵУҲ¡
ֻҪףûϵͲвδ
û뵽鲢ûеķչ
ġ
ľͳ˵
˵ʼۻû׶ľ˵Ļʲô˼
ڿǸˣҲϤǸ˱ľɵԬʱ򣬸ղŶľ˵һУѾ׵
ǷſңſңǸץסˣν


516

ﱻץסһһŮвԶǸѾʧȥʶıڣµüͷ΢΢ţڶľɵԣ֪Щʲô
ⷽľɱ֮ҪҪʱúõĹ۲۲죬ûʲôϸ©˵ġ
ոҪ˵Ķ˵˰ɡľɵ࣬Ŀ۵ϡ
ǱʶǰŮһǺͶľйϵģҪȻλߵһټ⼸յΪȷɡ
ո۷ҪԼе˵ˣδ뵽ڸղʱϰͻȻ֣ǿֹ
˵ݣȻϼŵܲãɽ
ϼ㲻һĹ˾طһС˾ľɵĹ˾Ȼûȵġ
Ԥ֮飬ԭϿҵۣʱȻЩԥ֮ʲôû˵
Ҳ֪Ҹղ˵ģʲôҲ֪ԥһ֮ҧҧ˵תͷĿĵطǲľɵ۾
Ǹ˵۾ʵ̫ˣȻҺͺͶӡ
ԣľ΢΢ŵüͷԽš
̶̵һʱ䣬Ů˵̬ȾȻôı仯˿ҲӦǺ͸ոճֵˣҲϼŵܲãɽйϵ
Ŷ΢΢üҲǲŲæġ
ôͳÿһ֣ÿһڶѹűһߡ
Ȼûһ۵ɫͱѿҰײҰ׵ģЩ¡
ԱߵĽ£ҲΪŮͻȻı̬Щɻ󣬲ȻľгҲûʲôõĵģܵӣò˵ͦġ
ľٹ˾˵ˣŮڹ˾ĵλǲǹ˾һֱŵһˣҲѹֻĴ׬˲Ǯܹһ׷ӡ
˼ˣشɳվľɴһк֮˽ȥ
Сع۲ܵĽ䣬һҪӵʲôģҪʱܿܲҵһЩڶľٵĶ
Ů֮⣬ҲǸոյǸڣ뿪˿֮Ȼ˵滹õȴ˲١
ĶľɣĿֱֱĶۣȴ벻ʱͻȻתĿԱߵɽϡ
װ΢΢ԼףȻջؼŵȣɳվһһĳڶɽ˹ȥ
ǰѹԵüװʲô鶼ûзɽɫҲ΢΢ı˱䣬ԾسˣȻֻһЩ΢СĶǶľɻǿ
Ȼ˵Ǿ˵
һ˵һ˲䣬վɽǰ
ԣɽҲǸˣҲ׶ľɵǸʲôԸʱֻҧҧ򶨡
̲ס̧ͷ˶ľɵĿ⡣
ĿأǲһԼҪˡ
뵽Ͻתͷŵۡ
ǰŹ˶ľ٣쾹Ȼֹˣ벻ڵŮǾȻ¼
һһ߶ݺݵؿۣϽתͷֺõĿŶľɡ
ľܲãҪ֪Ů˸ܵйϵĻһģղҲǲ֪һʱŻ飬Щһ㶼֪Ҳûйϵ
ҡͷӸ˹һ˵ôһ£ҪټһҪˡ
ֻĶľɣôܻĹ
֮ǰԬöۺɽǸˣǶ˵ˣҹ֮ۿֱӳɽȥģ
Ȼˣһо;ĿԵġ
֪ľɻ׷ȥҲץѱһô׹ȥ
ȻԸ˵ҲֻܺǺú̸̸ٿ˵˵ˡ
ľ˵꣬»صɳϣҪ΢ϤľɵˣڿľʱӦ񵽵Ǹ
Ȼ˵ľƽﶼģǱȽϤ˾֪Լ˶쳣ĺõģľΪľɵĶܣ˵Ľ֮٣Ƕ˵ֵôֻһദʱжأ
Ϊľٵżѣ񻹳ôˣģƫƫһԲ
˵ʮ޳һ֮Ŀ⵭ĿԱѾЩʼµɽ
Ȧۣ֪ڶľɵϸһҵȦܲô֪ܲҵȦĶľأ
˵ϼƺõһҲ˳˳ˮġ
ľһ˵һתĿ⣬ѾĴתƵĽ£һ˲䣬ĳ磬뷽Ŵͬ


517ǸЦ

ǵ˵һ仰ȴԭҧ˵ɽͻȻһȵؿŶľɡ
ȻǷǳںԼĹ˾ġ
Ƕľڷ˵˾ȻߣҲǸС˾˵ɽľҵǳģǰϹأ
Եѡ
С˾ҪӦòװɣ
ǡǵȻ
ŶľɵĿ⣬ɽ񣬹Ȼÿ־
ľ˵ȷܹһץס˵İѱģץסҪĶҪĶܹõԼҪĶ
Ƕ˵ҪƲȴһǳ׵顣˵ţ΢΢۾ָһûһµû棬˸˵ĸоҲһĵɡ
ʱɽһ飬֮Ǹһɳ档
ڿһԱߵۣ˶һ֮ε½Ŀ˶ľɵϡ
֪ʲôҶ㡣
ε̾һԿóԭҪտڲģǹ˾˵ʵ̫ҪˣԸûκεİ취
ľٵ䣬ڵʧٸûйϵ
˵ʱ򣬶ľо;òϾܹϽľٴߣ֪Ǹ˵ж
ʵ˵˰ɣڶľٵϢһ㶼Ҹۣ˾ҪŹ˾˵飡ѽѣ˵Ҫʱڹ˾һʣû뵽ñǷˣ˵ùɣĵù
֪ԼϹȥˣټ϶ľˣԼôῴ뵽Ҳܲˣе鶼˵˳
ڵ֪֮˵ԵЩ
С˾˾ҪǮһܹ⣬ʲôطҪǮҵģҲѾˡ
ھһֱתƵĽ»˳ƺʲôҲûȥ⡣
ԣԱһԲͻȻ̧ͷŶ˿һۣҲףϾɽѾˣҲûʲôġ
ε̾һ
ȷǿ϶鵽ҵݣҼͦǮģǵѡȦʱǾΪͬ⣬ֱӸҶϾ˹ϵҵп
ˣǮִŵģϲľͻԸûЩⲻǵûǮ𣿾͸һ취ǲôľٵʧٸûһϵ
ۿһ˵ʱЩεġ
ϾľʱԼĻ֪õĽ֡
ǼȻ˵ˣǾûƭǵĵԱߵɽϽ˵˼䡣
ԣǵ˵ľɵûʲôӦڽ˶ľɵߡ
ոڷ﷢һľٵĶ˵
ԼĿڴóһֻ̣̾Ƕľƽʱϲ̣֮⣬ֻڹڲõľΪϲ֣ƽﶼǱߵ͹
٣ڿ̵ʱд뵽ˡ
Ȼڿ̵ֻʱ򣬶ľɵüͷԽԽ
ΪʲôЩͳʼ۶鶼ûκεĽǲò˵ҪĻرɡ
Ҫ֪ľȻϲ棬ϲɣǺٻӴŮˡ
ҲΪˣʵҲһر׵ˣһι˾ôۺÿˣȻᵽ۵ļԭһԾ顣
ȻƺΪľɵŵۣһʱ֮˹ȥɳ޿ˡ
ȻҼˣǴʼҶûҪȥ飬Ҫ֪Ƿģôɵأ
Щ£ĺ¡
ԱߵĽͻȻǰץס˶ľɣʵҲľΪʲôŬôãһҪοеˣһҪԸǰҪҵľˣȴڹؼʱ̱˴ߡ
ڶ˺͵һ˻ǲһģľгʲô飬ڹô죬Ҫֲǲܵˡ
Ϊʲôᵽֱ˵һвͽ𣿡
ؿԵĶľɣץס֮ȶ
ʼ˶˵ľһûаѱˣΪûпľɶԴԼ˵Ǹʲôӵġ
ֻĶԴˣҲԴԼļˣӦǷǳԼļˡ
ʵһжǼٵġ


518סľ

ҡ֮ԻṴ϶ľ٣ǾǮϾûǮˣȻҪ취ŪǮˡۿһ˵黹ǲ˼
Ͼô˵أҪ˵ĲõĻͲʲôõ飬ҲΪ˵رĶټô˵ǰ
˵ЩٿºͶľɶ˳ϿҵģľоѾˣۺɽĲ֪顣
ԴˣľɵıȻ࣬ȻȲҪ֪ľ񵽵Ҳûκεİ취
Ӧô죿Щ޴ؿԱ߲ŲæĶľɣҲ󲻵ΪʲôڣȻ˵˷ŵ΢΢ƽ
Ҳ̶̵ļʱ䣬ҲԿóľһԿǳǿˡ
ԣľתͷԭĮһ˲ůԴ
ҲͼȥҾͲˣҲˡľɵͳִЩɳƣҲܹΪҪѰҶľ٣һ·˲ٵľ
ϣתĿɳϵɽ۶ϣԭĿ⣬һ˲ֱĮ
ûƭҵĻҲ׷ҲҪųʱ˾ע⣬ǾԲ鷢ġҵľ֮Ĺϵһ鿼ӦԴǡ
ϣľסµ֣첽˳ȥԱߵȺԬҲµҲֻɳϵˡ
ǵЩͣһֱľ뿪֮ҲЩûзӦƺûΪνϻᷢ飬һоһһ㡣
֮󣬶ľɱϲЩлȥˣͽ¶ڳĿĿųһʱ֮鶼ǳĸӡ
żҲǰ취ʱѾˣҪȻȥɣ
ֻ΢΢𶯣һԵĶľɣͳԼֻҪеݡ
ڿݵʱͻȻþ
ƺǸܵ˽µ֣ľ΢΢ЩɻؿҲΪ˲٣³ʲô顣
Ұ֮ǰҷϢ˵̫˹һؼҲţұŽԿȥˣˡ
˵ʱգգ۾Щ˼Ҫľɼȥ˯ˡ
Ȼ˵ǰڶľҲסʮ꣬ݣʵЩӦġ
ƺǿ˽µ˼ľ΢΢ĳ硣
ȻˣǾֻܸһؼˡ
˵ջԼĿ⣬תһ򣬳Լķ˹ȥ
һοʱǿ˲٣Ͼƽʱڹ񿨣ǰ˵żһȥģû뵽ʱȻ飬ʵЩΡ
ȵ˵ط֮˳ȻͶľһʱʤлڼеǻ
ǻˣҶҪˡʱʤ˾ͱüʱһֱһ״̬ľٲ֮رļӵ
һֱȿľɶĻһ⼸鶼˲١
ģһҵġʤӣľɵ΢ЩۣϾƽһÿʵӣΪԼӣҲ˲ٵġ
İɣһܹһģ˵˶ôôܻᱻ˸۸˵ǲǣ
ҽز˼ˣȥˣֻסһˡΪʤн˼ϣЩε˵
ίͰ͵ӣȻʤˣĺܶء
ȻѾˣ˱㳯˽ȥ˵˼仰֮͸ϴʵҲûжõʱϢ
ڽ£ҲȥԼǰϢ
ҲźúϢȵڶ쿪ʼˣ˵ҪŶľһ·ȥѰҶľٵټֻû뵽ǣڸոҪ˯ȥʱſͻȻ
ܵͳš
˭üͷ
ȻЩӴӲԼʼ浽˭Ҳû洫κεĻӦ
ڵſڣոսŴ򿪣ǰ˵ʱͻȻɻ־û뵽ᷢ״
ô㣿
ȷվŵľǰʱһŵĶľꡣ
ǵӡ֮ʤ˵˶ľһĪӷɹ˾ûģһʱҲرŬ񲢷ˡ
е飬ֻ˵ľ΢΢üͷɫ˵
˫ԭϲ۸˵һ˲侹ȻԵЩί鲢ûô򵥰
ѲǷʲôˣ


519¶ľ

öľ֮󣬽µҲøɫӣֻһιΪԼлҪ˵
˵ɣʲôˣ΢΢üͷؿ
ǷǰȻ׵ԭ¶ľꡣ
Ѿȥô֮࣬ǰЩеƽ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ
ԣľ΢΢ͷƺԥҪҪе˵һ֮ҧҧ̧ͷؿǰĽ¡
Ӧ֪ҾҪĪӷɹ˾ϰɣ
Ȼ˵ģ¿϶ĵ˵ͷ
ȻˣľͿʼ˵顣
һֱϲĪӷɣӼһ֮ͺϲҲΪˣ֮ǰ˺ܶ಻õ飬Щ飬һϣܹõԭ¡
Ͽҵӣǽδ뵽ģǰҲû뵽Ů˾Ȼڸĵһ졣
˵˵ҵɡ΢΢˵¶ľĲ£ԥһ֮󻺻˵ҶѾˣҸһ㻹Сӡ
˵ȻЩĶľһҲ
Ҿ͸˵˵ҵɣ㲻֪飬ʵ֮ʼôŬĪӷѲ˹ϵġ
ǶΪϲĪӷɣȥҪ˾棬һʲôְλǿԵģ鲢ҵġ
˵ľԽȻ˽Ŀ⡣
⣬Ҳʵû뵽ϾһʱҲܹõȻ˵ľϲĪӷɣĪӷ֮ǰ˼һֱԼϣһɷϡ
ֻһʱ䣬ĪǸûľ꣬ʱ䣬ͻȻҵȥ˾飬ֻУ鲢򵥡
Ȼȣ鲢ûκεۣ֮öľ꽫˵ȥ
Ҳ֪ϲ飬Ҿ;Ҫһᣬ֮ҷǳŬǰҳɹĹ˾
˵ľɫȴЩı仯ԭЩ۵ЦݣҲһ˲ȫ˻ȥ
ҵ˹˾֮Ҳ뾡취ȥĪӷɣְ򣬸ոս˾Ļܶʱ򶼻ܵ۸ģұΪٻ˵»ǾǰҲں
֮⣬ǹ˾ܶԸˡȻ˵ÿ컹°ϰ࣬Ҷͬ˵ˣĪӷɵʼԹԼܲò飬ײ֪ʲôȥҹû뵽̬Įʼ˵һˣ֮𣬷·һˡ
󣬶ľ겻֪Ϊۿʪ󣬾Ȼᡣ
ӣµҲø
ǰÿǶľ겢ûмôˣҲΪ˲׵ϲĪӷɣڿĻ鲢ˡ
ľɲϲĪӷôף̶̵֪ʱڣǸеĵλѾԽԽҪˡ
ǲΪñץˣһʱ֮ЩӦգգ۾̽Եһ䣬ϾҲûⷽĿԵġ
Ȼ˵ǰڸܵԼãҲĪ˱仯̬֮ȾʮּȻҪģǻڸĵĻҲԼñκΰӵ̬ȡ
ÿĪʲôµʱһѡԼá
˴ӶľɵĿҲ˽һ䣬ǰĪСʱĪӷɶԼرõģ˵һЩеġ
ԣľ꼤ĵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷ
Ҳ룬ȷǺⷽйϵǲôӣͺ˵ģʲôǸҲҸ˵Щֻҵ˵
ǸܹľĪӷɵĸʵģ˵ЩҲˡ
ֻЩĽ΢΢˶٣ƺ˼ĿԣͻȻ֮һη顣
һζľҲҹĪӷ˵飬Ȼ˵ûʲôִǴһЩϸ֦ĩԿóô룬ĪӷЩġ
ʱֻǲ²⣬ǹ۲ĪӷɣƽҲǷǳƫƫڽΪԼܴ˵ʱͻȻ˶ľһ£ѲЩ
뵽üͷ΢Ͻ
İɣһ˵ģ֮ǰҲһΣܾе㲻Ծ˵ĸܵȷǶԵģʱĻֻ»ɴ
档
Ϊ֪Щʱⲻô׽ġ


520ʽ

ľҲʶԼڽǰʧ̬෺ۿӣָֻİģģֻ˭Ҹ²һĪӷɶѡ
Ŷľģ̿ЦЦʵľ걾ԲֻʱСƢȽ϶ѣҪʲô˵ע⣬뵽֮ǰǶʮľڵӵԭпԭġ
ЦʲôұҲ˵ĲãҲһֱȥĻ֪ʲôӡ
ľ˵Īӷϵĸֲãôܲʹأ
ĪӷôαҲһôϲ
ã֪ˣллЩ²ľĹϵôϾԺ޽ľ֮󣬶ľСӣҪͬһദܾá
ľһۣת˳ȥ
ڴϷȥ룬Ǿ¸ľ˵һ±ȽϺãĪӷɵı仯ľٵʧûйϵϾҲѡ
ϾͶľɻûн飬ʤвûסһ𣬽¾ʤкܹ˼𣬲ûûͺͶľסһ𣬶ľҲͥһһŮѻؼң˾ͺ޲ý˹һ䷿ȻϽһӸǴ
һ룬һů
ľɵķſڣҪֱŽȥȥһȴͣͶľһôˣЩǿ׿ģ뵽һûŵӣò»š
һŲűǰɡһˡ
ľƺϴ裬ͷʪģֻһԡۣҪԡ۶ûдã
Ŷ¶˳кǿСɫļϣżˮΣ̲סһڿˮ
Ǳľջ
Ӧ֮󣬽ҡҡͷ߰뷨˦˳ȥ
ľɿǰվŵС΢ŮˣĴһÿĴΣ뿿ǽϣͷ΢£Ц⣺һˣ
°һۣһţУ˭ˣֻ˵һ°ˡ
Ҫջ֣ȴͻȻһůΧסľɵĴֽСֽסľɽֽԼϣͻȻˡ
ܲ˶ľͻȻô飬ҪǽºߣȶľҪһͷ룬ʱǼŶľɵţûаϣҲͼ׵ľ룬ͻĽӴýµ˼֣뵽ڻſڣ»ᱻӶ˻ʤпһ£Ů⣬ټ϶ľɸͲſûѿ
̧ͷȴö϶ľ˫ЦⰻȻĿ⣬һӾͼܵ˵˺ˣҲ𣿡
ľɲ㣬ƲƲɻûҪſµ˼ϾȻ˼ίģУ̫ܡ
˰ģ²ģǰľǲǱˣ
Ȼô룬ǰڲ뱻ײΣһ΢ЦſŶľɣʮ˵װģҷǳ㣬뵽ûһѾȲܵˡ
ܿ˰ɡ
ľȻҲ˽¼ַ̬ȣںЩֻ⽭˵Щ
˳Ż磬ʮϵ˵Ҳˡڽ¹ͦıϹ˹Σ˳һ£Ž»ص
ڴϣľһëͷ
ʲô¸˵ľʡ
ոſôһ֣²Ŀģ˸ղŵЦģʮģɣҾεҪϴθ˵Ǽˣڲֻһ˾ĪӷЩֵֹˣöľҲô˵ĪңпҵĴֻǲ̫ˣǶľһ˾棬ȻҪҹ۲׼ȷ֣˵ˣҾǲܲأ
Щľûע⣬ֻע⵽˽˵ľȥ顣
ľȥ㷿ˣûжʲôľڽɨɨûпԾĵطŷ
ǰľһ¾͸һ̱˵ĻҲͱˣԶľɾܵıýסڶľҲ֮¡
ҡҡͷ̾һɣ㲻Ҫôţʵľ겢ûеôҲϲˣ˵ȡԺҼ޸㣬ҪΪҵСӣҺĹϵܸôҪǲΪѡ˵飬»Щ˼ϳСŮƵĽߡ


521С

ľɴ˼˵Ļ
˵ȷʵҲеͷѾİˣٵˮˣ߹ȥڽߣȷʵҲı˺ܹܶ࣬Ӵ;ҪӴ
ǲģڽ£ֻҪú÷ǻţԵĻ뽫ηԼߣκνӴͲܵ˺ˡ
뷨һðľɶЩԼռ
Դʶ˽֮ͷһЩֹ֣ûһЩ¡
ǣΪǸǽ£ԸΪı䣬ҲֻΪ²ĸı䡣
֪ľڱԼµ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ĪӷǼ£ôػ⡣
ľĪӷǱߣһֱԬţĪӷɵԬǶҪ˽һЩӴҵֻԬ˸绰ȥ
ĪӷǱôûзвԾĵطľֱʵ
ûз֣⼸ֻҲ͸ǹ˾ļͻйӴ֮⣬ûзйӴԬʵش
ľ˵һ䡰֪ˣټţʲôµһʱһ㱨ͽ绰ˡ
ԬĪӷɹ˾ԱԺܶҲ˽⣬ǲܵƾԬһûзĪӷ쳣ͲټעһԷ
ľҲ棬꽭˵֮ſڣҽԬˣġ
ʱһ֪ΪΣͻȻһֻţֱ׽ڴĸоԺ뷨ЦˣͶľôָоأ
޷ǾŵʤУʤ⽫Ͷľɷֿסǹ𣬶ȴ͵͵ܵľɵķܸоЩԲʤС
ɣ𣿡
һʲôʲô
ڶľǰȥš
ʤţ̣ЦŶԽ˵ԭﰡոȥ㷿û㣬Ҿܵ߿һҸոݵţ̣ǳȺһɣ˯ߡڶľɷţʤвûֹǰһͰ
ðţ̣ûȣ¾Ѿܵǻеһ
ãлл䡣Ц˵
ʤаţ̷ڽϣֱЦҪĿڽˣʱ䲻ˣͰɸϽ˯Ȼġ
Ӧ˼
֮ǰʤлľɣɣҸ㣬סǼɲҪ˼˼Ҹ㲻Ҫ۸ҪС۸㣬͸ңҰѵ
˵仰ʤвŷĵˡ
ôоһҼңҾһˣľץһЩµͷ棬Թ
°һţ̷ڶľϣûƿһۣոû˵ʲôҪʵ㣬ҪҶֶŵ ˣⱭţ̸Ͻ˯ȥɣˡ˵꣬˳ȥ
ŽϸӰʧǰľǵЦ⽥Ⱦˣͷ˶Ħָ⣬ﻹŽ·˿
صԼķ֮󣬽ʤΪ̺õĴϣϻżŮϲޣ§һڻģźָС
ѾþûڶľסˣָԴǴδӶľȥ֮ûҹˣﻹЩС˷ܣڴϷȥĴ˼Ծû˯⡣
˯õ˲ֹԱ߷Ķľɡ뵽˼ҹ˾˯Աߵķ䣬ԼȴʲôˣֻСèצһ㡣
ľɺͽµķֻһǽߣȴַ·һӡ
谭뽭µӾʤС
һǽˣڴϣһ硣

ڶʱһ˳Թͣľɺͽһȥ˾
˶ľţľý˳ԼȴڳϣûҪļ
㲻𣿡°ͷʡ
ȥˣȥٵĹ˾￴һȻͻȥϰࡣľ˳һ½¹Ķͷ
ԣʧ´ȻúͶľɷֿʮֹɵĵ˵ͷãȥɡ
Ž߽˹˾֮󣬶ľɲŷ棬˸ת䣬ľٵĹ˾ȥ
٣ģ㲻ڵһʱ䣬һĹ˾õġ
ľڵųĹ⣬һֱߡ


522鱦

ľɿľٵĹ˾߽ǰ̨һľɵӰǰȥľ˸ĵЦľܣӲ칤𣿡
ľɵɨһЦ绨ǰ̨ɫγȣǰ̨Ĺˡ
˵꣬˿ľʹȥǰ̨һڴεվš
ŶľֱͦӰǰ̨һŴӶľɸлڨڨĻصԼĹλϡ
칫ң͸͸ĲľɿԿ˶ںæĹż뿪Լİ칫ȥ⣬һΧһ˼νǸ⣬רעĶûзվĶľɡ
ǹģľɵϲ¶һ˿ı飬ǹӡ
һľɲᲽľٵİ칫ȥ
칫Ҳǵĸ֣칫ϰڷһЩģͣľḧŰϵģͣ뵽ľ﹤ʱҲḧЩģͣ۵⣬Ƭֱ̹ƽ޲ľ
ľٺþû˾ˣ칫϶ѻһļľɼĶ̾˼һļʼ

һߣ°칫Ļͼ칫ͻȻһ绰ͣ±ʣϵֻʾǹ˾С֣ͷָ˽
ᡰιһ
ʦСҸոյõϢһҪٰ쵽й鱦ƱڶʦʤĻͿԵõ˹ָ㣬˹ȣ缶ƴʦҪܹõָ㣬Ƽ϶Ҳֱʦǹ˾ڵʦɲܴκûᰡŵ绰ߣ¶ܸܵͷСı顣
ʵϣͷĽҲûСҪõȥ
˹ʱ͸˹â
˹ݵʦ֮һҲһЩ˹ͼкܶطƵҪãС˵ܵõ˹ָ㣬һԵõ
Ц˵ã֪ˣСллңһᱨμαġ
Ҷϵ绰ֻɵЦ֮ףһҪúðסλᡣ

ľٵĹ˾ľɿһŰЩѻϵļ꣬һ² αϵףߡ
һ춼ûмֻСҰèˣġ
뵽£ľɵĴϲɵ
칫ҵʱϵЦⶼû
칫˿ľ߹ǿʲô˵Ķһ˫ۣȵ˵ľʲôʱİϵЦô£
⻹ҵһμЦأò˵˧ˣЦرÿ
ǻڹʱҺҽͦģҪȻҪץסСˡ

ΪڿҪ°ˣ칫Ҳ̿ˣΧһԹš
ľɻصԼĹ˾ʱѾ˰࣬˾˶ˣľĿһɨſڿԼһ춼ʮˣס䴽ЦЦٿỵ̂Ǳ߿ȥ
ͣڽǰľ³££ףǣŽµ֣˵ٵĹ˾ļһЩ࣬һЩʱ䣬ˡ
ľţЩ˼ԱͶĿ⣬˦˦ľɵ֣͵㣬ԱǶûأϰ˵Ҫעһ¡
Խô˵ľԽǽյĽһƲ˵ʲô㶼ΪҵŮˣԺڹ˾ᷢܶ£ǵҪϰߡ
Ͳȫ˶֪Ůˡ
ûһۣҲǶľЭسȥˡ
صϣ²Ÿľ˵鱦Ʊ顣
ˣɸ˵һ飬칫˾İҴһ绰˵һҪٰ쵽˾鱦ƴҵصߣʤʦܹõ˹һЩָ㣬֪˹缶ƴʦҪܹõָĻҿ˷ܵĺü춼˯˾˷ܵ˵š
ľע⵽˽˵µʱĹâ֪رܹõλᡣ
ڽ飬֧֣οΪһƴʦҲǽһֱ룬û
ã֧ȥμúòμαˣǱߵͽϣͲҪˡľɴ΢¶һ΢Ц
µͷá


523Īӷɵı

ϣ³ͰԼ˷ͷ߸߰ǦĻԼͼ
ĹģߵҪڱ֮ǰƳһɹ鱦͵ίˣߵʦͿԵõ˹ָ㡣
˹ܳԺܶڶʦӻԾμα
֪ɽɽ죬L棬ʵǰμģҪǾۼһȺʦĻͻԵúƽ˰ɡ
ˣֻҪŬͺˣ»˻ͷ뷨˦ԺȥʼԼĻʹ
Ƶʹоۻᣬ׵Ļʹڣκγ϶ʺá

ʱ乫˾ǺæԽʱڹ˾ʱһԼĻʹڡ
°֮󣬺Ƕľȥ칫ҽ£һ°֮󣬶ǽȥ칫
ľý°칫ҵţӦȴһƬš
ǽæûľֱţűƿӳľǽרעͷߵͷһЩȴȻ֪Լ顣
ľ۾΢΢ϹЩԸȥỺߵߣͷ쵽ȥ
һٶȴѽһ͵һˣĿŶľɣǰվŵǶľ֮󣬽жϵķûĵ˶ľһۣô·èһû֪֪˻˵İ
ľ̯̯֣Щε˵ţֻ̫רעˣûҵչȥһ½µͼ
ͼѾһʹڵĽṹˣʽϣľɾû˵ͷ۵ƵĻ
¿ίģɵЦһϣñһֱۣǾллľʦĵ
߰ɣȥԶٷʲôľʵ
¿һ۲Ƶһͼҡҡͷ߰ɣУڹ˾Ūȥԡ
ԣľüͷüļ޼˼֣õ˵ⳡҪҲϣۻˣʳϰ߻ϢҪźãҪΪƣԼ㻵ˣʱûҪˡô˵Ҫǽˣľһǳǰͷġ
Ŷľһ˵̵ģε̾һ˭뵽һ˿ĶľǰȻΪһ˵̵Ĵ衣
ֽⷬ£ʵϻǹζӶࡣ
ԱߵҰɣҾͰǾȥԷºŶľһ Լֿʼ
ľɳϣȴϣϵһ־㷭˼ҳʵһֱƳ¡
Ŀ̫ˣ²òͣ±Ŷľε˵ɣлҿòãе㾲ʱǳԷʱƳˣʱɱ˵ҵʳɰ
ľƲƲͣû˵ʲôʶȤĲٽŽ¿ˡ
һʱҲʽæµĽ׶Σÿһ˿ʱͻƣľɵʱҲ١
ľɱû˵ʲôﻹЩģȴۡ
ϣľͻȻӵĪӷɵĵ绰ĪӷɵĻԾţĿ
Īӷɣ
Ѿܾûд绰ˣ֪Īӷδ绰ʲô
ι
ľɣǳɣмҪ˵¶ľɻܾһں油䣺ǹڶľٵģȻҰѵַֻϣӣ׼ʱ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫٵ
˵仰ĪӷɾͰѵ绰ˡ
ľͲﴫæָô档
ѵĺͽ»жľ˵Īӷɸľٵʧйϵ
ͷϵʱ䣬аСʱ͵ˣ̫Ѩץףȥ
ľɲȵĪӷԼõĵص㣬֮ȴûӰľɱ˸ط
ӡ
СʱȥˣľɳٳûĪӷɵӰǵԬĵ绰
ܲãɣСͻȻˣ
仰ľɲɱص˾
Ҳ֪ô£ͻȻûСˡԬż˵
ľīͫͻȻ˵ĪӷҲˡ
ԬͫȻŴ˼ѵĪӷɰѽ¸ˣ
ȥҲ飡ľɵŭ
Ԭæͷʼʡʡһ飬ûзκȻڹڣǺпܾھ⣬ʼķʼ𣬹Ȼϡ
ܲãĪӷɰѽС˾⡣


524¶ľɵķŭ

Ȼ˵鲻Ԭģڿľɽ¼һˢ£һĽƵǰ档
ɫÿһζһȣͳϢͷΧԬЩ
δľɷôĻ
ܲãղѾ˶λĺ࣬ĪӷɴŽȥy
yľɵˣЩɳƣԬ˵֮ⷬ΢΢¶һЦݡ
ܲԬЩ˵
ڶľƺԼ˼Уûȥ۲Ǹʲô顣
ֻǰĶľȭͷǰϡ
Ϊܹķʽôܡ
ϣ΢΢˲Īӷɴy֮ûתһܷɻȥĵط
ԬΪԼܲҪƢʱ˵ıָֻƽɫؿԬ
һ˲еôһ¡
նľ˼ӦǾĪӷɴŽ²Ҫǰyֻǲ²ĵľɶȻͨصķʽ飬Žǰҳȥ顣
Ҫʱ˵Ļy֮ȥһطΪɹ顣
ҪƤӵ´ҵȴܡ
֮ҶһŹȥĻƱ
ϣһװĶľɻ˳ȥƫƫſڵʱͻȻסΡ
ϸĪӷûк˭ϵľٵйϵ
˵һ䣬ԬӦһ㳯˳ȥͷҲûء
Ȼñ֪ͬľһģһ
ĪӷɴŽµyֱ֮һķɻǰs
û뵽һĻyҺܾãǶҲ˵䣬ǾΪ˸Ͳط
ڵ֪֮󣬶ľֱȥsĻƱһǰԬûд
ԭԬҪȥģǱԼܲøܾˡ
ܲǴʱ˳ͽ֮Լᰡ
Ҫ˵sǱ߻رľɵѵģ˵Ҳûʲôõĵġ
ʱĽ£֪Ѿô顣
ǰˡĪӷɵͷŻеŮˣ˵鶼쳣ķ
ֻеŮƺǻڳ˯š
ղŵǻʱѽ½ˣֻʱҲֻԺģûӦʲô飬û뵽εҩȻŵ㡣
ͦõģƵs֮²ѹĻһ·Ҳʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ڶľɸͲ֪ѽ´ˡ
һ˵ġ
Խ˵棬Īӷɵͱø˯еĽ²֪е
һΣƺǷһЩõ飬üͷ
˯֮УܱһƬհףյģĪĻš
ľɣľɣ𣿡
ͻȻֻʣԼһطµĪĻ˵ǰĻĸܣƺǺͶľɴһ̫ˣ𽥵˼ڵеҪľɵӰԼ֮УҪȻͻĪĻš
ֻΨһֻܹԼȥĻ֮ľɾʧʧһûκεĻӦ
ĸоýرĽš


ʱͻȻ˵
жľɵġ
ǻһƺϤЩİĸоĪĻ
ɣȥĶˣ
µûʼԴܣֻռֹһ㣬ôȥͺԭء
ɾʱ򣬽ƺͻȻȻ޷
Ƶĸо쳣ܣֻξ޷԰Ρ
֪һΣŬѲĸо
ʱߴ΢ĽŲȽ̧ͷȥʱ򣬾Ϳľɳ

ߡ
˵ᣬԵЩͻš
Ҫĸȥǽϵ޷
Ҫ߰ɣҹȥεҡҡͷԵЩ
ΪʲôˣΪʲôӵģ
һΣеľȻĻźѹ
ľƺǲԸ⳯˽һ֮⣬ȴôˡ
ô£üͷ⡣
ӢѾȻ˽µ֮Уѵе˲ܹһ⵽Ϊʲô
ΪʲôΪʲôʧ룬ҪöľɽԼȥΪ


525ֵξ

һʱֻ֮ܽһ֮⡣
˴˿ű˴ˣҪûκεİ취
ôľƺһΣԿõ
ңҰˡ
ͷ֮еʧ価ԡ
ⲻ㣬ΣǸΣһȥģ¼˵
ôֵһΣֵиеܺĻš
ǶĶľȴ⿴
ⲻΡ
أҲ֪
˵ʱε̾һڽ£ۿ˶ľɵ룬Ǹ˲ʲô涼ܹŲæȻΪΪһαӡ
ܣҪǸ緢еˡ
һаȥġ
ţ
ԭͷɥˣͻȻȻ΢΢۾ŽΧĻ
ʼСĳȥȷǿߵģǲ߶ãôһ׵ľ롣
취ҡ
ϣҲϵװֱһƨ˵ϣʼ˼ΧĻ棬Ҫ˴һ㡣
Ȼ˵˲ܹһ𣬵Ŷľı飬Ҳһܡ
ǾĿⴥʲôʱ򣬽µͻȻд˾ȺͿ־塣
Īӷɣ
ԣǾĪӷɣ
ȵĲǸ˵ĵĪӷɵһѾ޴ĸͷǳȥģǶľɡ
Ǹ˴һװҲܺãһ˫޳Ƚ˵ʾԣǸ˵ıŶľɵıӰǴĺ⡣
ĪӷԽԽԭһһϵĿ˵ĵʲôĽ£Ҳ
ܣֲ֪βźá
ľɣߣ㲻Ҫžˣߣ
߰
سŶľɺ˹ȥϾ֪ĪӷһεĿǳŶľɹġ
Ǹ˲˼붨һһ˵Ļ
ߣ
һһĴ󺰣Ƕľɻû˿ĻӦͻȻ֮䣬ˡ
ȻΣеһжܹƵģ߰ܲüء
ڵϣ˵Щ㲡
ֻܽĿľԽԽĪӷϣǸŵĸͷԽ
૵˵ţҪɱ㣬ȥɣ
Ҫɱ㣬ȥɣ
ÿһ仰ѭ
߿Īӷɣˣ
Īӷ˻ţҪַʽȥַûκεãȻĪӷҲĻһ㣬һһĳŶľɹȥ
һģȴǿһӰһ㣬ܹӰӰ֮еֻܿǵÿһ
ۿĪӷɾҪ˶ľɵվ
Ҫɱ㣬ȥɣ
ϣ߸ߵ̧ԼеĸͷسŶľɿ˹ȥ

µ۾гɾʱԵξʼ顣
ͻȻӴͷ󺹡
ԭһΣǸҲ̫ʵˣÿһÿһ붼رܡ
ܵĻ²ǻܵǸʲôԵЩ
Ķ
ԼԴĥһ䡣
һƵ棬ܵĲãЩܰ
Ƕ˵ȴ쳣Ŀ־塣
뷨³ԼӴԱ߰ڷźõЬ֮󣬻ĳ˳ȥ
ոճһеɻõӡ֤طȷǾƵ꣬ʲôر
ΪʲôھƵأ
֮е飬ܹҲֻкü֮ǰˣʱоƱƷȻƺĪӷɹˣ˵˼仰һƿϡ
ʱ뵽˶ľ˵Щ飬ܹʱĪӷ˵»ҲܿǸʲô״
ĪӷɺͶľԼ飬һֱоƷ֪顣
棬ͣιȥˡ
Īӷɣ
һĪӷùϣѵǸйϵ
뷨ʼھƵѰ
𣿡
ʱͻȻ˵ǸȻϤеǸ
ʱǾ䡰ȴľ֮ǸĪӷɵģ
ѹֻΣ񵽵ǷʲôŪס
ȵĿĪӷɣһһĳԼƽ֪ΪʲôµоȻ־壬ֻܳ˹ȥ
㡭Ҫ
ڵľ


526ͼ

֮ĵĲԼǶľɣĪӷԭº͵ɫһ˲ı仯˷ŭ
ʱˣĻ
Ҹ㽭£ڻزȥˣĺϲ㣬ΪʲôܿأѾôˣǶľɣҵģ
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ԣĪӷȻĵ˵ͷ˵ĵڶ֮˵ıҲЩľ衣
ֻĻľһϵģһʱǾͲֻˣǿӰɣһ𣡡
ڡӶˣھ¥Ǹ͵ԵĹʲôԸ˵
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󿪿ĵĸ´˵ӣѡһ˵ĵӾ֮󣬾ʹ¥ȥˡ
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ҪܣôҪ뿪ĪӷɣǸˣʵ̫Σգ


527±뿪Һò

СĳſڹȥΪĪӷɻûԶſڵʱ̽ͷȿۡ
߿˶ǿտģû˵ĳ֡
ˣõʱˣ
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϶Ƕˣ֪Ƕˣңھʹȥǿ϶ѾѳԵȥˣǻȥɡ
ƺǺ½Īӷɵ̬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Сص˽µߣ֮ס֣ѾûκηˣĽ˵ݣ»ص12¥
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ЩӦöϲԵģҶһ飬㿴ʲôóԵģϲĻ´һ㡣
ĪӷЦ˵ָ¼˲ٵĲˡ
΢΢ͷ
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ΪʲôۿֱòҲЩ͸Ըˣһһռǳǿҡ
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£ҾҪһ˯ľ֮ǰҲһ˯ɣΪʲôҾͲˣ
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ƣ˵Ȼ⼸仰˵֮󣬶ľɵıЩı仯ڴӦû˵ʲôġ


528°Ѹ

Լص֮󣬽Ҳ˲ͿʼȫѰҸ
ֶڷĻңԼϾͻס
Ȼûһһ˵ĶĶ΢΢˶٣Լ·ȡһɫĶЩЩ˽ģǸ
ٿʱ򣬽ϻЩţ֪ĴڣҲ֪ʲôʱȥġ
һжĪӷɣ֮ǰѾ׼˵ģҪ˵£ôأ
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Բ𡣡
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뿪ҺòãΪʲôҪ뿪أ
ʱͻȻĪӷɵһԭжĽ¶΢΢ס
һ˲䣬ԼͷƤ飬Ȼ֪Ӧóȥǻ

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ģȴԵ쳣Ѿûİ취ܹԼйһеˡ
ǵҲҪ׵ķ֮뾡취ܣ˲ٵ˼ΣĽʧġ
Īӷɣң
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£ôĪӷɶ˺Щʱ򣬽лЩпѲڲ֪֮УѾĪӷɵУҪ
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û뵽ǣûһ֮㴫Īӷɵ
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仰˵ЩѺദЩˣ˵ȻԽԽԶľУҲһһ
ָоʵ̫ˡ


529»جج

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ĪӷһԿԷһʵǿȥˣеķϣ۽΢죺ˣ֪֪ĥңúóԷֻ뿴úõġ
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530ƫִ

Īӷ˫ͨ죬̫Ѩ͹,һһģ۽ӿһ㺮⣬ڵһ˿ŭ⡣
ȻľɰĪͽĪҲҪµζ
ϰԵ˴֪Īӷɺܳ谮ĪͰĪεĴ˶ľϣҰĿľǲöľɺù
ɵһЦôˣΪĶ˲ӦܵӦõĳͷΪʲôҪȥЩ޹Ҳǣ
ĺҪԼĵ뷨˵Īӷɼӽ˴û˵
һƽʣʲôʱ뿪
䣬͸ܵǸϵĵѹ
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һ£Īӷɾɿ֣һҴȥ֡
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ĪӷʵûߣῪһ죬±ŷ΢΢

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·һЩ·ǰɫϵģŪһɫѼñĿȻĪӷ֮ôҲǲϳȻúÿЦ˵ϲȴְνߣκһ˿ɡ
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·ãžǸɫ԰׵ˣǿĳ𴽽Цһ£ûлױֱӾ˳ȥ
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һڣĪӷһ㶣һţô
𴽣ԳЦЦˣɣ߰ɣһȥ֣⼸ڼƻ˰ɣ
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װ
ҡҡͷûϡ
˼ĪӷͻȻͣתŽ£ɫЦ˵̸ӦҪ֮Ӧ£ɡ
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ʲôأֻҵֱ۶ѣЩ³Ųû̸Ҳ֪Щ
Īӷµİ˻ȥҲ͵ַܸӣĪӷֻ΢΢ſ֣üͷ壬ҧһ´ǰ˽ȥסֱۡ
ȥȡһ·ϣĪӷɿ˽Ųڵʱ⣬סֱֻϴϵ¶ȣķ
ôŲҲǻᵽĿĵء
˳ϣȻȻľɿĪӷɵֱۣ¸һɿĪӷɾ͸оġ


531еĪӷ

ĪӷǴֳֳЩĿϲὨ飺ȥڴòã
ڴĿʵý¸е£ĻȻȻľͿԱסˡ
Īӷ̬ȣµķӦԵñȽƽڴǱߣվĵطڴԶǱߴ˺ѷεĽкϲյĿԱͬĪӷɣӲȥԡ
²˵ĪӷڨڨЦЦ룬Ŀ⿴Աߵתľ˵ӣŮôܻϲڴҪȻȥתľɣ
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ʵĪӷɻٺͽ¶һǿϴż־⣬˼ҲˣֻôŽ»ȥˡ

˯ûУĪӷվڽſţ˻Ӧ
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뵽ĪӷֱŽȥܵҿ˿ȻûˣҲûˣ߬ȭͷָ뵽ҲûӦһǳѪ졣
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ĪӷɸҪ뿪ԡҴ´˳
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ĪӷɣſңһһӵģҷſЩǻ
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ԴԹĻЩʧЦæ¸߸Ьһ˫ϣߵߣҡĸ׵ֱۣ裬ҼңҵȻû
һʰϵ꣺Ůû޳ȥأͳ˼ˣҪԺ޳ȥ˵ĻǾûЩˡ
ûҪֽܵľҳԷ˼ֻǸпһ¶ѡ
°ļϣЩζ裬˵ʲôأҶ۰ֵġ
ǣŮŲ˵ôأТĵһˡ
ʱһֱڿֽĽҲ̲סˡ
ҿǸŮǴͨҪѹҵģװ
æЦȥ
ﻶЦһƬ
֮󣬽²Ÿĸ˵ȥʡɣһȥε鱾ˣһֱΪһЩˣڴҶʱ䣬úȥһ棬һԼ
󺣷ˬĴӦ
ľһӻнһڼȥ·
߸˺ƺƵʡ羰տĺɽɫ۵ףһʺϢĵط
´һñӣһǳɫȹӣǳɫȹӳĵķɫӰ𪡣
ľɸŽЦҲȾϼĨЦ⣬ӿ㶵óֻһµ֡
˺֣Цתͷȥ
ꡣ
һƬĻϡ
ƬϣŮЦ绨ݣ޶ĿںڵƶܵǣƲۡ
ľʶ´ǣһᵭЦ
֪ľ͵Լûбֳʲô죬ھͷչԼˣϣڶľɵľͷչֳԼõһ档


538ʤε

ǰ棬Ƕںķ羰
裡ôˣ
׼ĸôˣ
ʧͬʱǰǶ˶Уͬʱת,ֻʤڵϣЩ˶ߡ
ľһͼǸ˹ȥҲ
ĸĸôˣ¶ʤе
ʤе⧲Ļ赹˻ҲΧһЩο͡
ľīͫԽ䣬ĬĲ˼ȵ绰
Ƭ̹򣬼ȳʤб̧ϾȻϣΣȻĿռޣ˶ȥľɶԶľ˵٣㿪ȥҽԺҸڳͺá
ľҲûϵһʣû⣬ľ˵ʲôӦţͷŽ󺣷򸾻жľȥҽԺ
ϾȻųһ뿪
ҽʤвһƿʤϣҵΡ
ľɿҽһж۽Ⱦһ˿΢ ˫ֺʮϣ
ʲôû˵ȴ뷨ġ
Ȼľƽ϶ԼûʲôҪǼĸһ£Ȼվһ
ֹȥסľɵ֣Ҫ˴һ
ĸûµģһûµġ¿ڴϣɫ԰׵ʤУۿЩ졣
˵˳ģΪʲôͻȻͻᵹ¡
ҽ𣿡ľɻʳڣŷԼжôɳơ
ҽժ¿֣ҡҡͷ¶ɫ˵ҪȥҽԺøõҽ豸һ²ſԸǴ𸴡
¿ŶľɣֱͦııüϰԵšţиԶĽᣬ֪ľɵںܣҲűݺݵľһ¡
ҽԺżҵĵƱɺɫľɾ뿿ǽϣ򴽲
¿ʵܣǳߣҲûһ˿ϵĵط
һľٵҲˡ
һĬĶľɣȥʽ£Ҹ硭û°ɣ
ҡҡͷǿһ˿Цû£ĸҲûµġ
仰֪ڰοľٻԼ
֪˶ãҵĵƲɺ̵ơ
ʤбʿųľɵæȥʣôˣ
ҽ̾һһݵ˻ȫϸ˺ܶ࣬ϸҲֵҪ࣬⵼ڸٹѪ㣬ҲЩ֯ˣܡ
˵ҽͣд޿κΡ
ʲôľٱץסҽļͷŭ
ʿͽľ٣Ȱ衣
٣侲㡣
ƺҽԺ
ľٵƽ
˵ʱܲˣǿԴŲȥҽԺҽ豸ҪһЩ԰˶һЩʱաҽ˵
衭ôͻȻôһֵĲڼﶼûпֳ
䣬ľ̲סҭ
򴽣ǰûʤ˵ѵ֪βãѡѹε֯һȥΡ
뵽ʱɽһܸӣˮ˫ۡ
ľߵǰָḲʤеգ߰ɣȥطһ

˰ʤתƵʡģҽ豸ãҽտһҽԺ
ͽҽԺľɵãŵȵҽǵĴ𸴻һҽԺһ
ʤлˡ
ǲģȥʡ˺üҽԺҲɲ䡣
գʶ
ʤȷʵˡ
õ϶Ĵ֮ͷ϶Ǹһһÿ˵϶ûа˿
ʤһƳ̣ӻѹ
һۣͿһӵˡ
һ죬ҶˣʱۣϢ
ʤж˶ţľһӾ͵ʤУһ£ɤͳƣ裬
Цˣȿ޻ѿʤʱ̲ס٩ľɡ
֪˶ˣһ˽֪ԼȾʱҲеʮ־ȣÿϢܺã٤Լ廹ģҲԼô͵ˡ
񾭻ֹϸڵѪϸ٣еʹ࣬ÿɵϣеﴫĵۣ涼ǰ˽ҵȵЩҩ۵ʱͻסЩҩԼ񾭡
ҩҲбףڵķЩҩʤеҲһ첻һ졣


539¶ľ

ľ㲵ӣʤЩۣЦ۽ȴʳһ
˳ӹĶԡ
裬ޡ˫飬ۿ죬ľȥǼ顣
ҲѹʤˣľͶľܵĴߣ϶ϲԼ۵Ҳڲסıꡣ
裬ˡľ걾Ϳ޹ڿʤˣ֪ģֿʼҭ
ʤֲ˲ľᣬ͸ΣɵѾͷʲôأŮӱģԣˡ
ľҭ˼˻ȥ
裬ҲãЩ飬ľ˵ţݺݵԼһơ
һİһˡ
ʤ۵˼֣˵ʲôأҸģʱ򾭹ͬûУ
֪ĸⰲοԼľۿЩӿĿɬб˻ȥɵЦ˼˵ǣԺûǲԼġ
˵󣬶ľǿļЦݡ
Ժ
ʤаѽ½еԼĴ˵һֻ֣һҪúһСԵˣжľɲ۸
Цŵͷ
Ȼʤû˿ʣһƬҰףǲǣɴкͰ
Сɣ㸸״绰ɡʤԶľ˵
ľɵͷߵþöûϵĸ״˸绰ȥ
ͷƺæľɲһû˽ӣҪҶϵʱͷȴ
ôˣľżࡣ
׵ľɵҲһӽŵı΢΢ſ֣ˣʱղˣҪʱͻɡ
⼸ľһֱڹæҲٻ
ʲô
һ绰ߣľҲܸܵ绰ͷľȵƺӵµ
ľְѸղŵĻһ顣
ãͻľ˵仰͹Ҷ˵绰
ľæԼܣһ绰
СҵЩơ
ǣһʺҪĵҪ̸Сͷǵ˵
˵ѹû𣿡ľŭɽߡ
ǣ֪ˡ
ϺĻƱľҴææϻڡ
ľҽԺѾϵˣֻʤһ˰ڴϣ߽ȥһĻﲻЩܡ
ʤУЩǷģ⼸ֻܸϵĹػȴ֪ŮҪȴϵչˡ
ľһԵϣָⲦʤеķ˿
ʤлۣŶľǳһЦ֪ҪˣҾͰѺǶ˳ȥ
ľҲûˣûб䣬ôȣľɾ˶ľ
ľЦЦôͻȻֲ
˵Ǻꡣ
ˣǻһЩֻҪȥˡʤ̾һƺѾпʵ
֮ǰ˵ҪһȥǱߣΪǸгմ֢Ů㲻Ըȥ˵£ľﲻȾϼŭɫ
֪ľԽһֱƫʤЦЦͱЩˣǰɵŮѣ˹þͻˣɱȥ˼Ҳ죬ǵŮһˣȻʱúÿûңĸмơ
ڶľ£ʤͷŸ˵һ飬һõŮľʵһֱΡ
ЦЦҵĻͦƯġ
ʤеһۣʱűƿ֮ǰʤиϳȥļҲˡ
֣ľٺһ
ľ΢΢ͷʾӦĿ䵽ԱߵĶľϣתͷʵĿʤУʣǡ
ʤкЦͷԣŮСְִ꣬к
ľԥţֲԵηУϺԴһŵʣñ˿һ۾Ͳĸеһ󺮲
ԥ֮󣬶ľ껹ŽŲߵľǰӲĺһ֡
ľ΢΢ͷŶľ꣬üĿȷʵ
һֽеĶľϲģҲǳˣڼʹܿҲֲڶľľǶľһ
ĿԽ棬ڽºĸĸϣ˲Щ
ҲǵһμľոǸļ΢ɲĲһ£һܹоľƺôϲĸĸ


540䲻

ľɣҳһ¡ľһߵʱͣסŲбһۣᷢһ̧ˡ
±ľǸͻŪЩͷԣ´֮ʲôû˵ɣ
һǵλˣ
ľɸڶľһǰһ߳˲
뿿ǽϣüۼƵĵĵط˲˵ʱ϶һŵʡ
ǸŮŮѣ
ãľƫ
ûָ˭Ƕľȴ֪ľеǸŮָǽ£ϲľƺ£ü΢ͷ΢жľδĶϱ
˶ӣľõǸŮ䲻㣬ϽˣȻһǶľŵԵģĸˣһŵԵĶϱϲ
ԣľɽü΢΢Ŵ˵īͫԽ䡣
죬˻ƫ𣺡䲻ϣ㶼û˽ȫûһ䲻ҵĵطᣬΪһŵԵ˸ϲĲͺˣ̫ˡ
ľڵųĹ⣬ޱĿŶľ
ľ䵭ľ仰֮ڳһ˿ѣΪ촽ϱߵĺ΢ѹڳӲǰɣҵĻ㶼ˣҸ㣬ҶľĶӣ±ҵģȢǸŮǰɣǲŵģֻøŵԵ˽Ƕľҵš
ƽһּ֮˵ңڹѾҵһˣ򽿽˼Ҳģ˦ǸŮ˼֣ǱѾæ˹ӦþͻᵽҽԺˣȻһúģǸŮˣҪϽϾ
ľɲûаѶľеǸ򽿽ϣע㶼ڶľǾ仰һһǸŮˣûѽ·һ˵ĻҲʵ
ô˵ҶֿģԼ˵˻Ǽ£Ǿ͵ҪԼѹء
˵仰ʱľ˫Ĺâ
ǰɣû㣬ȫûаҿǰɣľһûƺ˺ü
˵֮ʶԼ̫ᾪˣľѹŭɽߵֻҪһһ죬ǾͲľ˵ˡ
ľüͷǰСһֱ𾴵ĶľһͻȻܲ
ҴûҪȡλãֻԼȡҵҸѡľɫӵĿŶľ
Ҳ㣬ҪҵİţľԽ
ӵ۵ӣľɾЩʧҡҡͷô롣µһ仰ͽ˷档
ľɽ֮󣬽¾ͷɫЩÿߵߣʣûʲô°ɣ
û£ġľɶԽЦЦ
뵽ղľ˵Ƿһ䡣
ľǿջЦӣûˣľɵ֣ߵһԡ
ɣҾְƺ̫ϲҡʡ
Ǿãֿ϶ľǲϲģĵһиոճȥʱǸЩᳰУԿ
ԣľһ䣬룬ֱȥµҲһЩڽë׵ͷ࣬ʲôҰһˣ˭ǰһģ㲻Ҫ֣˵ˣҵŮˣӦùĵϲϲ㣬Щеûġ
ǰ漸仰ʱͦģҲͦůģ漸仰ʱԽԽˣɶľһۣ˵ʲôأ㸸׵ϿҲҺҪòã
úúãҪҪġľ޿κεЦЦ
ֻ٩˼֮󣬽ͻȻղȥ֮룬ȻЩԲĸĲûʲôãҩεúòĸĲأ
ľü˼Ƭ̣пܡ
õľɵϿɣ䴽ЦЦȥһµصҽûзκɡ
ľЦͷ̧ͷ
˵ӾǾ޴Ĵһ˶˽ȥ
ǺӳԼģµƽĺͻȻһƬҶһȦһȦ
ΧһƬ֮Уýܹľ׵ƤϣŨܵĳͶӰ
泤
·ĵĸ̾һ䡣


541¹򽿽

¹Ŷһջߡ
һգգضԼľЩ˼ȭߣһȻʱ䲻ˣȻؾƵɡ
Ҳ֪һӵˣҲﲻʲôæ˵ͷʣʲôʱȥϢ
ľɿʤеĲŵƺѾ˯ˣһƬƽĿ⽥ҽҽԺҪչˡ
ðɣҲҪעϢһҾࡣȻ֪ľɺТģûȰԼһؾƵˡ

ڶһ磬ºͶľһڵҵҽ
ղҽ㿴е𣿡°ʤеĲݸղҽ
ղҽӹŪһϻ
һ߿һüºͶľԱ߿Ҳž
̲סʵղҽ׻ûеΰ
Ϊղҽ˰ѵӻ£̾һټҽԺļҲûзܹಡƵҩ
ｭµĿһ͵һ£üھ£Ⱦ˼˿Ƿϡ
һղҽ˵и洫ӣ飬ܻкܴİ
ԣµҲ
̲סﱧԹҽ˵̫ˣľǹɽһġ
ЦЦҽ԰ӵ䷽𣿡
һʤ߼ȻǿԵġղҽ˵ţһֽд˼ҩģݸ£⼸ҩһҩĺңزȱģҲǺģѢ١
ľɺͽ¶һۣüͷ
Ѣ٣
ʲôֵֹ֣
ҵأϸĵʡ
ղҽҡҡͷһ̾ڹɽûУҪȹ죬֮ѢٲŻðңҪҵҪĻҪһͣɽȥңҪȻѢٹʱ֮ͻջ
¿һ˵֮óֻһԤ
⼸춼ʵ죬ҪȺüŻءü΢壬Щʧ䡣
ʱȴˡ
ﰵԹľɿһСϱ۸ӣûıϸķ˿Ǿ͵ȼɽȥҩ
ǿԵȣҾ²ĸĲȲ˰뵽ҽ˵ʤеʱղˣ̲ס˼ֿǻβ΢
ľɽŴǣĺ֪ܽµʤеĵĵǲԼ١
̫ˣһ˳Ȼͺá
˻ϣǻϲһ졣
ľ룬ʮȥ֮뽭¾ҲҪˡ
ϣڽǰȥͿԲùûнµˣľ֣û˽£һɡ
ĻûҲһѹİɣ
ľɽü΢΢Ŵ˵ʱԺ
ϧ£ɡ
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ǽµûô컺ľ䣬Ž
صҽԺ֮˾ͰϢ߸ˡ
̫ˣĲϣˡ
ԭĲҲΪϢӱߵЩԾ
ʱűˡ
ľ˽Ѱȥע⵽ĺ滹һλŮˡ
ɫ𪣬ɫĳڼͷߣķ˿䣬һСɵ۾ĺ·ǰɣģ֬·һ¸ӡ˶ĺСɡ
ǶľȷӦ˹һڿˮʵ֣λǣ
ľЦŽ򽿽չǰЦһͰӣ򽿽ڹһλѵŮҲһҹ˾ܲãҵҲǿ˵ֿ˿ľɣָ򽿽˵Сɣ֮ǰᵽģ򽿽СǶľɡ
򽿽ԣ߷ڶľϣڿʱϣ޵ˣ޳ӣʹûʲô飬Ҳ˰е㶼ۼϡ
˫鶯۾˿ԼľۣߵľкЦǲеǸľɰҶ߾˵أһȻʷǷǲĶӣŴĻ򡣡һ˫񣬼ȱֳԶľɵ飬ֲһľ
ľᡰһǻӦ


542´ǵ

൱򽿽ʺ򣬶ľɵĻӦ˵ͱȽĮ
ʵľɶ򽿽˲ûʲôоһۿȥȻûϲ֮⣬Ҳ㲻ᣬ뵽ľ˵ЩԽµĻǰŮ˺øȫޡ
ľɣú˵˼ҽˣĻشֻһľϴżŭȻڶľ䵭򽿽е
򽿽ľĻӦһ˲֮Ͻľһ̨£ڲĸˣɿûɡ
˵ţߵʤдߣѴһЩƷʤеĴߣĸҴӹһЩƷףտ򽿽Ц
ʤȻǿ˶ľҪ϶ľɺ򽿽ϣ򽿽൱ȣҲǸʤһȴƫһ㣬ǳõûбֳ԰׵ϼһ˿ЦллС㡣
ţ򽿽ְľٺͶľ˺ãĵ̬Ҳƽû¶ᣬҲûֳϲפڽǰɻĿľʣ壬λǣ
ľûüӦľɾһڣŮѡ
ԭŮѰ
ѹָղʺʱûʲô飬ԭΪŮҪӰ
ţ򽿽ﻮһĨʧ䣬ֺܿ챻ڸȥ󷽷ԽЦã򽿽
´ֻаף޳Ư֣򴽣ҲѴڶֻóס
ŮһЦ򵥵һ֮˾Ͱַſˡ
򽿽վضľߣĿ޵ڶľ뽭֮ش̽΢΢
Զľɺ⡣
ʹŮû飬ͻлᡣ

򽿽Ϳľøһ𣬲֪ĵʲô˶Ц
˽˦˦ϵˮΣߵȥЦЦĿģ֪ǿɲԸҷһ£
ľͶľٿ˿£ЦϣǶ򽿽˲ûʲô⣬ҪǵɩӵĻǿܽܲ
һЩʱȤ¡ľ˵һ仰ȥ
򽿽Ҫ뼸˵ȥʣҿԼ뵽쵱ȥ𣿡
˻һ䣬֮ķΧ
ľǣŽ£վҸɩӳȥԵģİɡ
˵꣬ǣŽ뿪
˵ıӰʧԼҰʹ򽿽ƤٺһҲЩѿ
ͳûɢȫܿͱֹסˣ򽿽תתӣЦĶ˵Ҹ˵һҹ˾Ȥ°ɣǹ˾һѪִй٣һνһԱȥ칫ңȻǸпǱŵˣպȽĿȾ絽һϣɣǸҲںȿȣȻҲһ˿ȣ˾ͻ
򽿽˵棬ԹԵЦ
ȴֻһ˵ЦƺǶȤ²ðƬ̹󣬲ǼЦ
Ǽ˻ͦҵġľٸЦ˵
ľ٣֪֪֮ǰ²μһƴ򽿽Ǹ˵꣬ľ͸ľˡ
ľٵͷ˵Ǹƴûпʼɣ
ûпʼҾһԶڣƼҲܼʶľ굱򽿽棬
򽿽岻ȥ˵Ļ⣬ֻһš
ܹܵľٺͶľ궼ϲһ㡣

ľɺͽ´ŷ˻򽿽Цߵǰʣ֪ûҵķݰ
򽿽⣬㶣ӦشˡеǷзݸ򽿽֪ԲԵϰ
򽿽òĵһлԵùߣҲʳġ
˵ͷȥľٺͶľַˡ

ϡ
Ҿðɺ̫ϲҡ򽿽Щ˵Ψһ̬Ⱥõˡ
ľ֪ľɶ򽿽䵭Ϊ£˵ûе£ֻǲ̫ϤȻһϵȥúһ¹ϵͺˡ
򽿽ͬĵͷ
Сɣиϵⲻ̽ľԶľ˵
ڶľϵвΣľֻôӦ
򽿽ϲľߣʣ㿴Ӧô
ľɵһ۲߻򽿽
ôƿžͿ򽿽Ͷľһۣ˵ľ뻹ͦġ
֪ľֻбˣǿⷬ龰Ļǿʼѹ


543ܲõ

򽿽רҵϵ֮û⣬ľɱȥˡ
ܹܵʱʧܣԼҲû뵽ľڻ֮顣
ȷǺܳһʱûк͸׽ˣԸҲһ
뵽ոſǸӰǽ£һɫˣ˵һſӣڵλûԼԼĿеģף˳ȥ
ǵıȽϴ󣬶ס¡
µķڸڣ֮š
𣿡
ͳʵ
ʵһֱһԴ׵ˣһθܵ˶ľӰ죬һİȫС
ôˣ
ûһﴫµž˾ƺЩʧġ
ԣľüͷ΢µĲ
ľĸףôܲ׸еʲôʵĺΪԼĿģԲֶΡ
ǶľɵһԸ񣬶ľΪ򽿽һûпǹ˵ĸܣֻҪﵽĿľͿˡ
뷨Ǵġ
뿴㡣
ѾڴϢˣ첻ͿԿ𣿡
Ľ¿ЦţΪոնľɽ򽿽ѯʣԸеǾΪ˵ʵЩ
ڴϣӣöľ˻ỳɣίͰ͵Ĳ˲Լᡣ
ҿʱҲˣҲȥúϢɡ
֪ж뿴ľɣһڸ֮ĳһ죬ͶľҲҪ뿪Ȼ˵ľҲû˵ʲô̵ܹظܵľԼ񣬰Ҫ϶ľɺ򽿽뷨
Ķľ΢΢üͷܹܵǲģǽֻǲô˵ƶܹº顣
úϢ
ϣתȥԼķ䣬յϵֻ༭һŷ͸˽¡
ŲԽԽԶȷ˶ľѾ뿪ʱ򣬽µǱһҲֹסУ޷ơ
ˡ
ʱֻͻȻ
²˲ᣬֻۣеݡ
ֻȢ㡣
Ȼֻж̶̵֣ýĸ⡣
ڴǰĻһš
ҲܹľԭһȽĺӣҲΪˣľ˵Ļ˵ʵͦҪģ仰˵˶ڶľ˵ǷǳҪġ
Ͷľվ棬ľм䣬ѡ˭Ҳض˺һ
Ƕľɲ뿴ģΪѡһһҲ׷¡
ľɣҲ֪Ӧôˡ˵Ϊˣ˵Щ
Լֻı۾Ժ֮жǺͶľദЩ飬ÿβΣյ飬ֻҪѴߣͲκΣΣա
ûΣգȻ쳣Σա
ûյµĻš
ǶľвµģǱӦѾϢѾ㹻ˡ
ѰףһֱչȥĻֻûҪ򽿽һ˼˼еĽ¾ͻѡΪѹŵĻжľɽ
뵽Щľվڷⲽ˺һ
Ϣľ٣
ʵʱ仹磬˶ûϢġ
磬𣿡
ûһʹ˽Ųľ̽ͷŷĶľɿһۡ
С󣬶ľپرԼĴľɣټǰʱ䷢飬͸Ӿˡ
ԾǽҲҪõʾܹȥ
ԣļ̌ͷɫĿһ֮ջĿ⡣
˵΢Щɳơ
ڶľ٣Ȼ֪Ƿʲôľı顣ӦһرҪɡ
ľҲҵӦ֮첽˽˶ľɶϡ
˵ɣǲʲôҪҰæҪҲһµĻҸоǰֺ򽿽顣
ľĿŶľɡ
ȻľĿĿ֮ϽͷʹڸС
飬Ҫǵİæ
ľɻ˵
Լܹ⣬ǾԲϲ˰æģֻһεҪһˡ
Ͷľٴ˵֮û뵽ľͻȻЦ
磬һΪ涼أû뵽ڸⷽ滹Щаľٵ٩˵ģҲ̫֣¶ľɡº֡


544²õ糿

ȽʱѾ˵ڶˣϵ˺˯ţǰһֱŶľɺ򽿽飬һֱûа취˯ţǺݺݵرԼҲûκεá
ȻžԼ۾ĺȦ֤һС
ôȥ˰¿һⲻǰʧľɹʱ˵Լû£뵽ЩоЩơ
һûӦǺãĻʵһرѵ飬ϾͶľһôˣ֮ĸҲǳĺãô˵ͷԸ⣬Ҳ롣
Ҳһ㣬˵ĸǵòҳֵ֧ĻǽһˣںܶҲǻᷢġ
ľһǷǳѰġ
˰ˣҲЩʱ
뷨žԼԼһԵòôǿЦݡ
֮ų˳ȥɫôЩĲ԰ס
û뵽ǣոմ¥ͿЦݵ򽿽
򽿽Ц˵ߡ
ֻڿµɫ֮΢΢üͷɫôá
û˯öѡЦЦȻǰȥЩ͡
ղܹܵľɵĿ⣬Լϣ֪Ӧ̬ȥԶľɵĹġ
Եڣǵͷȥġ
ǷƽʱĻӦڶľɵߣڸĸ˵Ļڶ棬ӹ˭£Ҳû˻ΪЩʲô壬ϾºͶľɵĹϵڳ˶֪ҶǷǳֵ֧ġ
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ڰɵԱ߰ɣ²ŸոճǱ߹ȥλĶľ˵һ䡣
ˣǲýȥ
һʱ֮佭µı΢΢ͷ˿ϵʲôı飿
Ϥ˾Ӧ֪񲻹˭ǳʧ䡣
֣ʲô˼ûȶľ˵ľپԵЩˬ
СʱҲ㱧ģѾͷòҲˣһˣ𣿡ľüͷĿŶľ
ǰԼĸףҪ֪СʱȻ˵µӲãҲǷǳɰģȻ˵ľںʱͳȥˣСʱҲǾµͯġ
ʱľǳϲ¡
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻӡ
ľ˵ģľ˿ӣĿ
ЩҵȻ֪ˣΪǰǵ˸Ӳһˣҿ԰ԼŮ꣬ҲŮϾҲϲ
ⲻһһãôܺ͸һأ
ľ˵Щʱʮ࣬ÿһ仰ÿһʶеһѵһ
ʵҲй뷨ͶľԭͲãЩҲڶľҵ׷£֮ȫͨˣû뵽ǣľȻľ顣
ҲáľԱߣ˵
Ҳû뵽Լĸ׹ֳôһ飬ټʤлҽԺ棬֪ӦǺãֻҪ뵽Щ飬ľɾʮֵķơ
ԱվŵĽ£ۡ
֮Բά£Ϊ֪ľԸһά£ǶľͻһὭ¡
ϾǸӣⷽǺԼһӣԱ˴˶ǳױ˴˵˼
ľ仰ľ΢΢üͷҲø
ԣȻ˵ãǾһʮ֮꣡ĸǰ飬ɣСף㻹𣿡
ƺΪľɵ̬ȣľԵЩˬ
תͷĿֱӴӽµŲվЩ֪򽿽
ľ֡
򽿽΢΢ͷɵĵ˶ľߣһЩ¶֪ģԿó򽿽ϲľɵġ
һĽľɵϲȻܹ⣬˵һμ棬ΪʲôϲľɣҲɷϣľϵȷܹ˵Ĺעϲ
Ҳڹʱ򣬶ľľɵ飬ô˱ضе״̬
ߣ򽿽̬ȣʵʼʱǸŮ˲ûʲôɱƺһܵŮӣҲǣķ֣֪ºͶľ˵ĹϵҲ֪Ӧʱ˭˵
ȻĺͱϵģͲһ


545ºϱ

򽿽Լ֮󣬶ľֿĵؿŶľɡ
ɰ㿴ﲻõģ
ȷļܺãǲŬĻԺһرõģҲһ޸һرõˣ㿴ŮԼŬƴˣһ˾ڹ÷ǳãҺ
ľ˵Կóڽ򽿽ʱͷǳļ
򽿽ҲԵ쳣ǫ飬ûΪЩĳ޶ôˡ
Ҿǳʺ㡣
ʲʺֻԼ֪ľɻ˵ųܣҪܵˡ
Ա߿˵һֱûзԵͽˣʵ̲סˡ
Ƕһ֮֮жۣ۵ĵȻǱˣԼŮ¡
뿪λ˽µߣļֲ֪Ӧεķʽܹο
ѹˡ˵
ڽ󺣣ʵƽʱʱһرʵͺƵˣʱһЩҲ˵ʲô
ıҲ
ľֵܣ⻰˵Ĳ˰ɣŮȻû취λ򽿽СȣҲû˵ôĹ˾һֻܹǣǸĸûиһܺõѾͷһֱǳŬǸõʦ
˵Щʲô˼˵ˣ֮ǰһҲ׷Ůģرã˿Ҳģһ˵ЩĻʲô˼ӵ֮飬ôֵõκˣ
Խ˵Խ
һվͱľɫҲЩı仯ϾҲԸ⿴ġ
˭Ҳû˵
ʱһֱͷĽ³˳ȥûܹõϵʲôɫҲֻԼ֪ڵжôġ
ղŶľһǸľ˵ģԼףʵҲкԼ˵˼档

ڽԼҲû˿Ҫͣµ˼һֱܳȥ֮󣬿ķ羰˲Ű
ٻصǸ棬Щ˵ıЩ˵ĻԭΪһγܹúõһʤлȥû뵽ʱȻô顣
һ·ϳߣ֪ߣطԼϤĵطҲ֪Ӧȥ
ֻĿصĳߡ
ҪȥĶʱͻȻЩŭһץס󣬽뻳С
Ƕľɡ
ڸܵľɵϢʱ򣬽˾Խί
׶ľΪʲôҲ׶ľɶԼۣ֮£ܳҲûа취İ취
Խ˵ĻУ;Խί̲סĿ޳Щ˶ľɵ·ϣľ΢΢üͷһܹܵŮ˵
֪ʱίˣϾҸףԺܶʱҶЩһԴҵĸףҪңҲǸ򽿽һģϲֻҽģҲֻ㡣
ľɵͳÿһ仰˵÷ǳ档
֪Ҳֻķο
Ȼ֪ȥ˶ãµǻ
ڲȥȥһС˵ֲ˲Լᣬ̧ͷ
ӵڶľɿһСӣǷǳľǿ
ȻڲȥǾȥҲȥ㡣˵ŶľĲ˲ᣬǶԴֻҪǶԴ£úƽʱһ
µ֣ԽԶĵط˹ȥ
ûʲôԵĶ⼸ҲûԶٶҲûԣӿ϶˰ɣľ˵ţĿԵĽ£ղſܳʱҲûйģҲ˳
ڼ飬ȥɣ
ôܳԵ·أ˵ϷЩ飬ֻҪ뵽仹ҽԺ棬ҵرܡ
¿һȻ˵ڵĶľǲϲ̼ģǲò˵ʤƽʱԼһ㶼ܰڶԼõϣΪһΣ֪ʲô飬ʲôӦϧġ
ԣľԴ
żҲûãΨһĲҩҪܹʱܲһֱԷɣԹԵøȥԷ
ϣܽͬͬ⣬ľ㳯ԶЩ͵̹ȥѾͷɫ˺ܶ࣬ˡ


546ľ

ۿŽ³ԵĲˣľɵĿ⻹ʮָӡ
˵˵顣ľɵ档
ԣµıƺѾ֪˵ʲôܲһֱȥɣ
ǣ
˵ıԵЩϾԼԵǶľɵĸףеĹϵͱòһ
ģ鲻˭ѡǵģѾľٺͶľ궼˵ˣ븸Ҳһʱ֮벻Щ飬ǹ˾ҲҪˣҲߵġ
ŵѾʮˣǿ׵һУҪý´Լߣ̬ܹŮȫУڷϵ顣
ЩܶҪұҪ˵ֻͳһսˣŻס
ľɵ濴óҲһǳ̬ȣȻ˵ĻΪʲô᲻أ
ã˵
֮󣬶ľɱŽ»ؼˣȻһȥûпľʲôɫ
ڲ֪ͰɻһĹæδæһԸĻʱҪôʱ㣬ÿôľؿŽ¡
ǰܣȥʱ߶ô죿򽿽ҲԱ˵˼䡣
ԣҲֻǳĵ˵ͷһк㳯Լķȥˡ
֣˵Щ£ǸŮӡ
ϣľҲȥˡ
һϲ˽ЩˣֻһκԼ෴Լĸס
Щһ뿪ˣľɫҲòÿ
ǵ̬ȣɾʱĲ£ܹʱҲͺˡ
򽿽Щʧ䣬ǵ˵ͷӦ
˲֪˶ãһֵˣڼÿһζľ򽿽ΪľǸһദʱ䡣
˵ˣֻҪһ˵ǹ飬ǽҪͶľɽΪһ
컹һģľ򽿽ˣҲǸ˽ԷԭΪ֪򽿽ԼĻǶľһľܾκӡ
ϾʼնһŮ˻ᱧ̬ȵˣҲΪˣ򽿽κε顣
ɰ
˻ûľ̲סһ䣬µʱַʲôԼ顣
˹ոͿԵľɵķˡ
磬Ѿ˺ܾˣϾǺѧԶرףҪ㣬ұҪȥɩӵģɩӺѾ˯ˡľЩǸ˵ЩѾ˶ľ򽿽˵Ķ档
ꣿٿľʱ򣬶ľЩȡ
ԣľ꣬ЦתͷЩȵ˵֣ͽҲ
һֻһͼֽ
ôľ΢΢üͷû뵽
ҰұǴ֮һƵģڲҲ治ǱҪܲɲҩҾͰˣһ㲻ĵطԹʴ硣
ľЦӯӯ˵
֮ΪʲôӣҲֻͶľ֪ˡ
ľ˵ģľƺǻҪ˵ʲôֱͣϾڶľɺͶľ˵ĻľΪһŮӣŮԿ࣬ʮֻ꣬Ҫ뵽һЩ飬ľ滹Щεġ
ڶľص˶ľ֮󣬶Ϊ˾飬ûгعԼŮʲôģ
ٿľ꣬Ҳѵӣֻõ˵ͷ
ѧϰľǺõġ
ⷽ滹ͦģľ˵žҪ򽿽뿪
򽿽Ҫ׵ķ
ˣ㣬𣿡ľɻ˵˻ǺƵģʵҲǺϲ򽿽
ΪǰҲϲĪӷɣʱҲر׽µǰƢĻ϶򽿽ܵ
Ҳǹ˾Щ⣬֪ôҪʱһ¶ľ硣
ԣľȻĵ˵ͷ
Щϧ˵
ǿܽҪռˡϴЦҲ˵ʲô
ҪҵȻɣ򽿽룬˵
˭뻹ûȵľ˵ʲôԱߵĶľɱĮ˵ȻҪϢˣ´ΰɡ
ϣٿ
򽿽ҲΣֻܸŶľ뿪
뿪֮󣬶ľ꿴ŶľɵЦЦûĽӴԼ磬黹ʮõġ
˵ˣѾܹܽˡ


547Խ

֮˱㷢ˣǰľͶľɶ˵Ϊȷʮֹá
ֻҪЩ鲻ý³Ļܶʱľûа취ġ
죬ʣľµԺӴһ԰ķ羰Ҳ쳣ĺÿ
˳ʱں԰ɹ̫Ϣò⡣
ǧϣЩơ
ôˣľؿԵĽ¡
ԣ̧ͷԵЩʧ䣬뵽仹ҽԺ棬ЩģȻ˵Ҳûа취ǾرΡ
ǶľǱţÿ춼ǱţʤѾ˻ԣûԼʶ
һ㣬Ҳ޿κΣõİ취ˡ
ҽ˵ˣֻ״̬ܸõӳȥܹȴҩϣժͻĹ̡
ȻҸһȥɣӻûѣ˵˵Ӧõġľ˵
ʤƽʱҲرϲ£˵¸˵Ļܹõأ뵽Щ˼һҲͷӦ
ʵܹе˵߷ԼϣǰĻܣᣬ֪ǺáԴϴκͶľ˵Щ֮˵˼Ҳ뿪˲٣ԴҲں
ɣȻýȥɣ֮Ҳû衣
ʱľͻȻ˵󣬻˵
ԣľ΢΢üͷڽ±Եúں
ҲֻԼףежôĲܡ
ǰľ磬Ҳʱȥ̵Ĳôˣ򽿽Աߣĵ˵ͷ
ǣȥ˭ʱԱ۾ɹ̫ĶľͻȻ
ɻĿһ۶ľȻֽĿ򽿽ϡ
ԣ򽿽Ҳûôһ£Ȼ˵˵ҪȥʤаҲûȥýͶľһȥ
һһľ硱ĽʮֵĲ
ֻŮǲЩƵģǶľ˵Ļ˵һŮǿˣôΪأ
ĻȻѾô뷨ΪһŮǿˣͲܻίȫһС
һ˵ĵ⣬Ҳ׵ȥ
ŶľȻĵ˵ͷЦ˵ҪȥĻֻܸȥѽʱҰɣҴһȥ
ľ˵򽿽תͷһ۶ľû׹еôһ£
ľ΢΢üͷϾΪľ꣬ľɻ򽿽ʱ䣬ҲûгɹĻ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ӲʲôأҪȻȥɡ
ľ˵
ֻľɶ˾ûһûٹ˵ʲôŽȥ˻԰СԱ߿˿
飬൱ڽľٴˡ
ԭǲ֪ľٵԵЩȣЦ˵ɩҪȥĲ裬͹ȥˣҪȥһѣҪȥĻǾҹȥˣİɣʱҴŽСһȥˣһܽܽʶ
ľ˵ر⣬ǲûпľ򽿽϶Ƶġ
ľֲɵôܿһǶԤıأ
ߣһתͷߡ
ֻһ򽿽ͱЩҲΡ
ôˣС㣿ȥ㷿ſأǸ绰أľ˵ѾЩˣε򽿽Ҳû̫ע⵽һ״
ԣҪȥʤеѾ޷ջˣֲܸŶľɺͽ˳ȥ
鷳
գգ۾΢һ֮˵㵽ʱ˵¼㣬ҵҲԡ
ϣŶľٿЦЦȻһɣת뿪ˡ
µĽˣԭ˵ģ뿪֮㽫Ŀ˶ľٵϡ
ľٳǶգգ۾
ֻǽȥǶˡ
ЩίĵͷΪʱ䷢飬ܶ鶼ѹ
ŽӡľзǳĲá
İɣǿ϶ҽԺһġ˵ŶľתͷԵĶľ٣Ե÷ǳĵ⣬ƺΪŵıֶԺ
˾͸ǷϢҴȥ衣
ľٵͷӦҲһ֮Ŷľ뿪˶ľɵţеҲ쳣
Щ飬ʲôʱǸͷأ


548͵ʤ

ۿʱѾȥãһǧ濴ܵľɫ
ǳɡʱľɴɫ࣬ľڿǣƾҪǲҪȥ
ԣ¸ϽͷӦǧСŵ˶ľɵߣ˵ıɿɰ
ǽȥȻҪҪ㶫ƽʱϲЩĶ𣿡
Ц˵֮жԵͻأ
ľ飬뿪ˣľɶûһҪĵ˼Ҳûʲôõĵˡ
ãġ
ľ˵
˱㳯˳ȥһжڿĶľڿľ̬ʱ΢΢üͷ벻ԼǸĶӾȻá
ǲôȲ򽿽
ոճˣȷ˳
ǽȴ֪ӦȥĶϾǰ˵ЩԭǼٵģطﻹʲôѰ
ȥĶգգ۾ɻؿԵĶľɡ
ڲ֪ӦȥģֻҪܸľദһĻͻ쳣Ŀġ
Ҳڱʵ˺ܶˡ
гˣҪȻҴȥ·
˵Ů˶ϲ𣿺òһĵطƯ·
ľЦ˵ûȽͬ⣬㽫ӿ˳ȥΪ֪ŮˣʵرĶ£Ͳϲ㻨ǮҲһûа취ĵ㣬ֻķˡ
ȻȥˣƺǻЩᡣ
Ը򡣡
ֻûȽ¿ڣľɱ˵Ҫ濪ɣֱӾܾ˺ͽµ̸
ںúõĹ֣˵ľǱѾ򽿽ȥҽԺˣ֮еʹöּԱжôʹࡣ򽿽жôĲԸ
磬Ҹ˵Ҿ;Ǹ򽿽ҲرõһŮӣҪ˵Ҫȥȥ衣
һ۶֮󣬶ľɾͽֻ˿ڴڵŽ»·鵹Ҳ˲١
һһ±ˣã죬һȹˣԭľͺãټϴ˸߸ЬҲԵø࣬ʮʡ
ǰŮˣľɵ΢΢Щ͡
ܺÿ
üҵѾˣȻ˵һֱܾǶľɺںĶǴơ
Խ潭µɫЩġ
õϴô·ÿмҲ͹ˡ
ɶľǣԼЦ˵
ȻеŮŮ˶ϲ·ģǲÿɷģͶľɵĹϵûеǸزԲϣľΪԼ̫Ǯ
ԣľȴ΢΢üͷ
Ҿ㴩ĺÿϣÿ춼ȹҡ
ľԴ
ʱֻͻȻˡһ
óʱ򣬹Ȼ˶ľٷĶš
֮ѾˣԹȥˡ
״ľŽת˷
ǿԹȥ𣿡̽Եһ䣬ѾȲҪʤˡ
кܶ໰Ҫ˵ֻʤһֱǴڻԵ״̬Զûᡣ
˳֮󣬶ľɱ㿪˳ȥ֪ȥ˶ãǵҽԺͣ
Ŷľ³֮һ·ᳵ·ĵ˲ܿŵʤУ˻Ǳ۾ģûѹ
ҽȥòܹѹѽ
Щĵѯʵ
ϾҪժǸҩĻҪȺüأһֱȥҲǳĴݮ᲻ᵽͳŲȥˣ
Ͼֲ˵ˣǶľɶû
ԣҽࡣ
İɣ⼸컹ûģǱߵϢˣûǿһ㣬ѲҩժɣҲоˣǸҩȷǶõġ
ҽĻش˵ǱȽϹٷһ˵Ҳ˲١
ϾĲµľʤе壬ڵȲҩ֮ǰʲôĻġ
֮ǰûкʤжٵĽǲô˵֮ʤûпǷԼһ顣
ҽ˵һ֮󣬽µ鸴ӣŷ˽ȥ
ŲʤУ΢΢ţüͷ
䣬ʲôʱѹԵЩѹϾʱľʵҲǺʹģͶľ˵̫Ļֻöľɸӵġ
Ͱ˵ĻҲˡ
ˣǸ˼ˡ
ΨһܺԼ˵˵ģƺҲֻǰʤˡ


549

ȶľɶ˻ʱѾˣľ򽿽ڿ֮Уǵĵ
ʹҸȹӡ
˽֮󣬶ľº͵˵΢΢ҵͷ˶
һжľ򽿽˿ҪľЧԼĸ׺úÿԽ²Ż
˲ܴ
áҲЦ˵۾ģԵ÷ǳÿ
ôҴһȽϺãգգ۾˿ŷǳƤ
ԣľ˼·ɳȫˡ
ʵ򽿽÷ǳÿĶţǳŮͣǸ˭˵׼ģȻӣ͸Ӧ԰ˡ
ۿ˾ҪԻȥԼķˣľϻŲٵĴӣóһЩ·
ɣ£лҪ˵ʱüͷĶľ˵ڶľɺͽ˵̬ȣǳĲ⡣
ԣľɵҲͷ뽭˵ʱͬ
Ȼ
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ľһɣѻ˶ڵϣΧŽµ֡


556֪




кܴ¥ľұ˳УȴȻûֽµӰðһ㱡ϸǶԺӷִɼȥ΢üͷ嵽һ
Ī
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ⲻֻڻûҵĪǸսթҲ֪Ϊ˱ʲô֮԰㿴ôֻǲ˺ľɺһ䡣


557»ɸΪ

üۺЦͷЦף㶼ΪҺá
ľΪһǿģܹԼڶľɵռ˶ôλãһҲûйԼԸ
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»ص֮󣬳ԹͰԼ˷棬ͼóͼֻһ࣬ۿűһһ콫ˣͼ֮ǰͿˣĪӷûаȥsĻ򴽡
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ͼ֮󣬻Ҫһʱȥѻʹִճ
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һƬֻǦʺֽ໥Ħġ~~
ҹδؽĴ˽Ůķ˿

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γԷľ򽿽ڡ
򽿽֮ǰΪľɽ򽿽ϵѹ飬οﻹЩΣ鶼ȥˣ򽿽ҲǶľȹľɸһλ֡
ľһá
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⼸νӴҲֶľҲֻǱ濴űȽ࣬ƽ׽˶ѣʵľһȵˡ
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ǰֻ˵ǵԵֺ䴽Цԡ
˵⣬򽿽ϵЦݺԽһ£ЩʧԺûԵˡ
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˾ǱͻȻҪҪٴһҸľܾҪȥˣȻֻ˼죬˺ﶼѾ̵ӡͻȻҪߣЩء򽿽Цţıȴ
֮ǰҲʹľɣ򽿽ʵݣŵ֪ʲôŵĴܲãֻǶľܿصһλԱѣֿ򽿽ͦŴߣΪľɺͽ֮ĸõһ
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558ͱ

һľ껹ĸ˼ܺõĽ顣
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ľ˿ӲһǶľһӣ㲻õĻᱻ˿˵лڰҲкôǰӦһµľҵĴ̫̫ĸо
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ģᵽľҪúñѣĪûץ㲻ҵҰ棬Ҳġ³ˣľЦ˵
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õһĴ𸴣ľǵЦԽԽԡ
ŶľߵЦ⣬һ뻢Ѩĸо


559ͻ

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±˵Ļҭһʱ֮Ҳʲôء
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˼·֮˲ŻصľҲ˼·Ʒᣬ±ҪԼõ¥ȥģǶľɲá
Ŷľͬһһõ¥ϣĽĬĬ̾˾䡣
һŵˡ

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̾һҪˣͿȥƷˡ
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ԣľɵīִͫɼȥһȺ˾»ˣȥ
һһ߲˻ۼѹ˾Ǳߡ
ۼѹ˾ǽ±ĵط
Ǳߵĸ˵һ±ֳļأľɵ֪ڰ佱ʱȺɧʱһ˽¸ˡ


560Ȼ

ľŭͣ⣬ϳһ·ֱ쭵ۼѹ˾
ʹ쭳Ҳû˿ô
˱ֳľȺкԬ档
ľʱԬȵ۾ľۼѹ˾кܳһξ룬뿪ʮӲܵľȴʱһʮӵ·̵̱һ롣
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ֳûзʲôɵˣľɵƵ溬һ㡣
ʱ״ʵ̫ˣ˺ܾòЩ侲ܽʦǸҲͳʱ佫ӻдߣûһ˿ۼԬε˵
Ըȥǿø·ڵļ¼һпɵĵطҡľޱ飬ĺԽԽʢ
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ͻȻԺֳһ˵ӡ
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ҪĵĻϪ·ߵķߣҸ㣬סֻһҪЩҵҪ֪㻹ĻҿɾͲܱ֤һԽһЩʲôˣ֪Ķ򣬱˵ڿ÷·԰ɣ
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򴽣üļԽԽԬ˸绰
Ԭһ£ҵֻǲǱ˲ٿˡľɵ˵
ԬӦԸⷽרҵʿȥ顣
Ƭ̹󣬴绰ľɡ
ܲãֻȷǱֲ˲Ǹ˿ֻͨ鵽λãǸ˵ļܸ߳൱ǰֻܲˣڵ¼˵ҲǸһ˵꣬ԬžЩԾܲôˣǲǽʦǱˣ
Ȼ֪Ī֮ͨһľȻǲڵ绰˵ЩģӦһ֮󣬸Ԭ˸ĵַȥ

ܿ죬ԬҲ˿÷·ĴΧûʲô쳣ŶԶľ˵ܲãôˣ


561Īȡ

ľɳѹ˵ĪģҲֲֻ˲ԼȥϪ·Ҿ鲻ô򵥣Ҳ˵ֻһͷǰȥն
˵ԬȴҲ˶ľɵ˼ ȵܲõ˼ǽѾĪתƵط
ľɵ˵ͷ΢ҵֻǲõˣڸľٷţúõϪ·ΧЩطرǷɻиۿЩط
Ԭͷá

ӦԼľ˿÷·ҵ˷λá
Ѿ˺ܾãƾɵҡҡ׹ӣ߲ǽذ嶼ܳһ¡
տȥһһζζӭƮľüϵɲģɫ˽ȥ
һյģһЩϾɵ豸ڵϣ϶鲼ĺۼ
ľɨһյĵһ¥ûз˵ĺۼ¥ȥ
¥ȥ¥ģľһȥͷ˵ľɽüһ£ߡ
һߣĪѾ˺þˣ˵֪Լˣ촽һԭصȴ
ľ¥ʱͿĪһȹϣĿ⺬Ц
ɨһܣûзֽµӰ˵ĺȻ߽һ㣬ޱʣأ
ĪЦһߵľߣʵᴷһ£ЦһôƯŮ˾վǰѵûע⵽𣿡٬ϸ۽΢΢
ľĬһĪ֮ľ룬ûôʱϻֻ֪㵽װص
Ȼû´ĪȷʵˣСУֻǰ״̬¡
һŵģĪҲû¶ŭı飬ЦЦˣľ߿һͼҪճϣȴľɿˣ˺ü
ôŸֲʲôħ֣ô뿿𣿡Īشľɸղʵ⣬ԹԵ˵š
֪ڵ⸱ףľжô
ľһ䣬ǰϼָסĪĲ˱ǽϣɤǰδе䵭㵽˵˵
ĪȻû뵽ľɻͻȻôʧˮǺһ£͵͵Ŀһɫʹ࣬š
ϱǵͨ죬û
ӣľϵȣһţĪſ˵ϣסؿڣĿԡ
ղŵһĻֻÿ£ղŶľɾȻҪ
ӹŹһĪ侲˼֣ٿȥӽľˡ
㵽˵˵µλãľȻǴЦȴ˿鶼ûУĿ¡
Ī￴ʮֺˡ
Īǲ㣬ΣյشߣҪҸλҲԣֻҪһλãµİȫаѡһ
ԣľüۣĺͫӿ˱һĺ⣬ͻȻɢűϢ˵ҸһȥվӣĵңϼᳰмĿĪ
ҵĵ㲻ǸŮˣΪʲôһĶϲΧתҸҲԵתΪǸŮˣҸڲűͽҽԺġĪĺӿȣ
һ˵ĪӷɱͽҽԺȥˣǰһɽٵˣмҲܻأ͹¶ʲô
˵ֿ꣬ŶľɣЦһЦݼң㲻ӦҵĻⱲӾͱҵˣҲһصĵطʹұĺҲҵģ
ľɺݺָ֣У˺ĺӡӣȴȻ֪״̬
ؿǱһѵݺݵĹһۣľɴڴθ棬ÿһںǻϢʹ۵Ժ̫Ѩϵ͹۽ǺĿ£ٱ
ſҪĶľɣĪ΢䣬һ㱨ĿС
£ǲҺùҲԲǺù
Īһڱرˣ˭Ҫ˺һ֣Ȼʮķȥ
ôûУĪѭѭգ˰ۣĿľɡ
ʱһ绰յ¥һһĻԵЩͻأ
ľɴӱлع߽Īɫһ˿ӿ㶵ֻԬĵ绰ǽǱʲô֣ϵ黺˼֡


562 

ľɿһĪȥѵ绰ͨ
ܲãҵ˵ˣֻ˵⣬Ԭͣ
ľü΢ʣʲô
ۿʱ򣬷˸պñ˴³ҴѾˣͷϲ˵ҴҪ˵ԶĵطȥԬ˵СԽ˵ԽС
һĻܸܵ绰ͷľϴĵѹ
ǱߵȶţϾ͸ϵȥ֮󣬶ľɱѵ绰ˡ
Īڸղŵͨ绰Ҳ˼֣֪Ѿ˴
Ҫ͵ȥľɲ룬ԬûиϵۿĻǲǽ±͵˹ȥһ֪
˿ϵıҲȴ
ĪЦſ٬⻹𣬵Ȼ͵һ˶Ҳĵط
ľɵֽǿסԼҪĪĳ嶯һĪȥҪǰѽ¸Ȼ
ڽµλѾ̽ˣǾûҪıҪˣľתҪ뿪
ĪͼסקԼߣۿ΢죺ľɣϲ㣬ΪʲôͲܶ࿴𣿽ľô𣿡˼ڿյ¥صţ
ľɰ˦Ĳ˲ղĪĵط·ղűһǳĶһһͷȲϡ
˵꣬ת뿪Ъ˹Ī
ľɣ
Īױﳤ󣬾һ仨Ľ࣬ʱȴȿݲݻҪϱľɺݺݵĲڽŵ£

һߣۿڡ
Ԭľɽ֮ͨ󣬿ԱһС˵ֱȥǼҲһȥ
ҴǹοǳõģԬȥԱˣôôòأ㴩ô棬ҲСɣ
ԬӶóһǮԱ϶ȥ費˼еҪһĴЩǮ͵ҰǮˡ
ۿŽµҴѾʻȥ˲Զʱȣһ仰ͰѴ˳ȥ
ڵǮôôԱ˵ȻԬǮĶеãǮǱˣЩǮ
ĹԱ߶߶˵ʲôԬҲûˣһĶھȽϡ
Ԭ۾ǰҴٶȼӿһЩ

ϣ»ƿƤԺĿΧİһС
΢ţһ¶Ժİмͷϣְͷ쵽ûͷıӻϵӭ洵ڽ½۵ϣЩۡ
绹ϴĴʹֱϮϣʱµǲѹĿΧЩˡ
һ´ϵˣС⣬߸ˣһ˿Ŵ߸˶졣
һע⵽˽ѹˣݺݵǸŮѹˡ
ԣ˷׷װĿŲϡ
ЩüĿ䶼¶һ׺ݣ¿ǣͷ΢ɲĲһ£ƨŲŲȴֻ˼ӲĴ
¶Ƥкܽʵļ⣬һͲöԸӡ
˫飬ۿ죬ֵĿǼˡ
ǡ
һ˫ںīͫд˾֡
ǵǰڰ佱ֳģȻֳ֪ʲôȺͻȻɧͻȻһ˸ˣ֪Ǹʹʲô˹ȥȻ󡭡ѹʱͷԼҴϣԱ߻м׳Ĵ󺺣ģɷģ˿¶׹Ķ
ֻǮ£ֻҪԹǾͲʲôµġһ˵
ԣҲ˽˼֣⼸˴ĪǮ
ҲǮǸ˸ǶǮʮǺòãֻҪ԰ҷߡȾ˼ֿǻ
һߵǰ鲻͵Ŀ
ͻȻľסͷµͷǿƵȥһƣһɫİӡڽ°ԵЩ롣
ո˵ĻûֻҪʵʵģǾͲʲôαҪ˵ôϻ˵ţ˿ڿˮ
ҲأϴһƬʹУ´Ӻ䷢һ͵͵ڰ׷۽΢졣
ʱһ˵Ȼϴ󣬺һСڸǡ


563亣

ԣµһӦǵСģһۣͷȴǸ˾Դá
קŽµǸ󺺵˾ֿڣ㣬ϿǼ˦
Ļȥٶȼӿ࣬¸о紵ϸʹˣ˿ڿš
ͫһ˵㿴ҵͬ飬Ҳ˹㻹ھͰҷˣõһǮҪǵһҪǴ˵ĻһǮõˣʱǶֶǮǡ
Ļû˵꣬ϾִһʹС
ž
ž
һһ
ûһ˽¼ơ
׳м˵Ϊ⼸˶򲻹𣿾Ǽӱ۾Դǣ뵱ӿȭʹھ
˵׳£ҲһȭʹھҪʲôʲôӹķǳңΪڱʱһûƺ˸ˣسΪ˷ܼŰ˴ģȦ˶֪ڱʱ˷ܼǷǳݵģӴˣһңΪåƦӵĵز
µղ֪Ǳ紵ģǱ׳ģһƬͨ죬Щס
׳˼ЩƮ򴽣ЩҪû뿪ǿΧˣǰ󺺣ʲôأôˣôӵóȥ
׳˼أŽº׵һƬͨ죬۵촽εޣӣ˵⸱ģͦ˵ģϽµա
¸ܵĴ͵ز˲ҪˣΣѾû·
㲻Ҫң±ȥ͸ֿǻίԶ׼
׳ȴǳδһŽµӣһֿУЦһûôǿŮ˸£أѴҲʵ㡣
ԣ½ŵ壬΢΢
ǻûִһİ
׳˽¼ƣɢ֮׳ɿµͷվԱߵĴ˿ĭȻ뿪
µͷƤһ飬ҵķ˿䣬űȵķ׵İƣ⡣
û뵽֮ǰľɱôãѻô⧲
׳ûϧʵǺʹ΢һ¶ʹ
ϴ󣬺ǸҪ׷ˡ
ͻȻһ仰ѽµ˼˻ǿʹתͷȥȻһСں档
µ۾ϳǸԬϳ˼˿ϲ
ӵģ㿪㣬ٶȸȥΪϴ˴
ԬǱƴҪٶȥҴں׷Ҹϡ
ҴľҲһһ㿿ˡ
ءһ졣
ȵͷʱԬûҴЩҲһȥ
ڽĽ£ԬߵǰӣһҪǱľɿָжۡ
¿Ǳľ۰ˣһͷ˿Ͻȴ˴
Ǿ䡰û°ɡٿʱҲ˻ȥĿһʦһȥġ
Сӣǲǰɣһ׳ָ˽ǰǰɡ죬ʣµˡ
Ķܿʵ¿һԬĸˣһڷȻ˵Ҳ׳ʵ߸˻ǲһ㣬ֶˣﲻһѺ
һ˻ȭͷԬ˹ȥԬĿԱ߶㿪׳˸գ˫˶ʼ
վЩ˵Ĵ򶷣һȺ˴ļңһȺѪȣ϶˲ʡ
ԬȻ⼸׳һЩǶǽܹרҵѵˣҲЩ׳
Ԭһ˴ſ˵ϣһڴܵһȺˣһվȥ
ʦ߰ɡµ֣Ҫûעѽ´һҴȥ
ϴܣ
ϣ˸ߵβͱˡ
ǣոջڴҲעϡ
¼׳۽һԬ֣һƣƵһҴȥԼվڴϣ۾һգ˺
ʦ
ȥ֮ǰԬһ֡
һ˻ˮʶҲˮһһû


564˲

ľɿٸϵ˸ۿڣʮӵĳӲǸʮӡ
ۿںѸ³첽ԬǰľɿͷţϸʪһѡľɿԱߵˣѰŽµӰɸûз
أľԬǰץסļЩżʵǸողסҴأȥˣ
Ԭľɵ⣬ɫɷ˼֣ŻڣǸտʼʱѾ˽С㡣ؼʱ̱˷֣ҴӮ󡣽СһѣһصԼĴϣˮС
ˮСĸ֣ľԬȲӴ˼֣Щѵؿڣ֮أأȥĶأ
żϾ£ȥҹûʲôǱˮ豸ֻǳѰҡѾҲˡԬļܡǵһش𡣱ϾڶľǱҪǲȵʲô»ᱻľڴ
Ԭѻ˵꣬ľɵɿ壬ڣҲż
վʲôȥңľ̺һվŵһ£ûڶ
Щ˶ûڶľɵһȥǺǰλϰˡ
ѾˡҲǽǱˮӵֻ̹ܸɵȡѾѸոսСˮλ÷˹ȥԬܵЩ˵
˵꣬ľֻһԸɵţһֱŽ£ϣûµĳԼǰ
˼ӣǱˮӱѾϢɱԬ绰Ҳ֪ԬǱǶľɵˣ̾͸˹ȥ
ܣǱˮӶӳ˶ľɵǰľںæ̧ͷǱˮӣʱվżذλ÷ǣǱѰλÿչѰ
ȻǱˮѾʼжˣľɵһֱţûǰԼΪʲôѽ¿ãб
⼸尾һŶľɵġѾȶһɥ˶ľɵǰź˵Բ𣬶ѾǱ뵽ĵطɻûҵϢϢ٣ñȽϿ졣ԽСˡ
ı棬ľɸӱˣʵ׶ҪҳΪʲôңٵԤϵȥѰأ
ѾȶӵĶӳЩ˵Բһ̫żˣĻδȫǱ뵽ףǵ˺ҪǱˮͧС
ǻȥ취ңҪкãľͻȻվ˵Χոһţη塣
ȥ취ڴϵǱˮͧȥѰˡ
ڵȴϢĶľɸû취ԼƽֻҪûµϢ黹ղһ
ܲãǻȻȥɣϢǻġΪǴϣվڸۿ紵ǵաǳ̫ûдɹ·ոˮˣʪվĴһţֲҳ
ԬĻľȻȥԼϢ
̫𣬶ľɱ۵ҫѵģŷӦڸۿڵȽµϢȵϢһͻȻ˯ˡ
ľԼķ档ŷѾ˺ܾãӦҵ˰ɣ
ľɴһɣ磬ЩȡվҵԬ
أľЩżؿ
ԬʧҡҡͷûҵҡͷľɵӱˡһֱڼԬȥһ¹˾£˾¶ˣ˼ľҤȾƣļ̤Լ顣
ߺȾƱţѾɹˣΪλ£žſϣǾ
ܶľֺͶľ֪飬æ˶ľɵǰӣżȻԼĴɩ䲻Ǻǵģḷ̌ԼҲҪúȰ˵ġ
磬ɩˣҲϣѽ㲻Ҫ̣ˣҹ˾ûѽľ˶ľɵǰеľƿһȰ˵
ѽҪϧԼѽľҲһԸ͵
ľɻ֮ǰһʲôܣһֱڼ
˸ճûõĶľʤлḷ̌Լӣһڼ
ҵĶӣộԼӺĵģʤпǷϵӣкǵġ
Ȱôã


565ʧ

Ҳǲ֪˶ãֻǸоԼһһʹ˹Ҫƴ۾ǾԼûһ
ʱֻǸоԼһյĿռıţһֱûҵڡ
ﶼ˺üˣҲ֪ܲѹˡ
ֻǸоԼĶƺһϵҽԼоʮһ֮Ȫӿ˽
ʱ򣬽ƺһҲƴ۾ǰһĻ
ͷӣȥ֪ͨӣŮѹˡ
ϸҲǿһĻ˲ϵҲԴһϲĿ˵
ҲɨӹȥԱһҲ˳ȥ
ҪȴоһһʹʹֻȥԱߵϸҲһԲš
С廹ʮֵúϢϢɡ
ϸҲƵģ˵ţҲǵ˵ͷǶЩȴûһӡ
ǾʮֵĸлǣЩ쵽׷ʲôԸ𣿡
ҲƴĻЩ飬ȴоԼԴȴǸӵʹˣ벻κζ
ģǰЩҵĶӳ㣬ǻʱڰ߷㣬ȴʮֵҲ̰
ϷûʲôɣԼЩ֪鶼˽£ЩȷʵһӡûС
ҲʮֵģлǾңǵĻѾˣʮֵĸл
ֱһеĽӣҪϸ˾һԼϵʹû˿ļˡ
ȺúϢⶼǾ֮͵飬ǵĶӰȢġ
ҵ˵ҴǸѾˡ
ʱͻȻˣһ·Ȼ·ƺЩң沿ȴʮֵİ𪣬ҲһЩЦݣ˿һЩɵůġ
һĿҲϣҲǲɵ֢ΪҲûɵлģҲ֪ǰ˾Լľˡ
ҵĶӣġϸҲǿڽܵ
ţȥһ͸λһȥԷɣҲô죬ҲҪĴˡϷ˵֮뿪ӣֻʣ½ºˡ
Ϊһʱ֮ƺҲǶһ˿ĺΣΪҲʶĽԼĿ˻
ûΣȲҲһЩۣȻѾΪˣǻҪһӲָܻ
ξͱƵ˽µߣŲӣϵʹʹ»ЩҲǿһĻҲû˿ĳɣֱȥ¡
Ѿ˺ܾˣҴȥ⣬ĻָҲһİġ
˵Ҳû˿ĳɣֱŽߵſڣ½ҲЩһһ⣬յԼϣҲϲɵ¶һ˿΢ЦŽҲƺһ³˽µЦ֮С
лл㡣
֮Ҳǵ˳Էʱ䣬ƺҲʮֵļªǿҲʰʮֵࡣ
Ǽ㲻Ǹԣֻ֮ЩˣҲ֪ϲθڡ
һҲǶڽʮֵչˣԷʱҲǹĽ£ҲǸоůůģƺҲǽһ˵Լļˡ
ҺϲллǶҵչˡ
˹˰ΪʲôЩҲһֱԲѣҲûʱȥ㡣
ϸҲʲôʵ
Ҳǣһʱ벻ʲôˣҼҽʲôѾǲˡ
˵֮ҲһЩɥͷƺҲʮֵţŬ˼ţֻҪ룬͸оԼͷʮֵʹ
ûû£ȻʱҲǷͷƺܵײ˿Ҳһʱ벻ǰ飬Ҳ޹ؽҪģȰϵã˵ԺͿˡ
һʹĽҲ̿˵˵ҪȥˣǸʱҲǵ˵ͷ
һʱ֮Ҳǲ֪ԼļˣסɣǼȻôãһ㵱ԼŮһչ˵ġ
ϸҲʮֵĺͰŽ˵ġ
ʮֵıǸǴô鷳ҲʮֵĸлǶ˵չˡ
һ˶ڽµչˣҲȫģ۾Ҳʮֵĸм


566 

ҲڽµչˣµҲЩҲѾȬˡ
ȻҲûţҲǰȥϴʰ·
ﰡʱ·ǼҲûŮҲܴҵ·ˣҲҪ
һҲϸ˽·͵˽µߣ˵
һ˶ҵľ֮ЩҵչˣҶǸмôأҪЩԽԽ鷳ˡ
ЩദѾϸ˵ԼĸһԴϸҲǶԼչмӣǶΪ
ôˣоЩƺƲֵģѾЦˣѵʲô𣿡
մҲÿһ̨ϣճյһطҲƺǳݣһҲĲɵþһ£Ҳ֪ʲôо
˵Ҳ˽µԱߡ
Ҳûʲô飬ǸоԼȥһƬã
ʱ˿̵ȴʮֵãԼôǰ飬ǸоһŽһԽǻ룬Խͷʹ
㲻ôżܿҲΪԲһЩײԲŻģֻҪʱ䳤˵أɣϵʱҴȥСһ䣬ľˣ˵Ϳʲô
˾˵ˣڶϵʱҲʰһƽʱ·Ҳǻһʮָɾ˶װҲʮֵľ
ˡļͥҲǺܺãֻһгҲŽСķʻ˹ȥ
С֮ҲǰѳͣһߣŽСķ˹ȥСҲʮֵ֡
СֵĵطСȻ󣬵Ǵߵ˶ʮֺгġ
ҲǱߺͽ½͵Ҳǲͣ·ߵġ
ѽȢСϱ𣿳ÿǱ־ʱҼҳԷѽƻţҼ½ġ
ߵһ·̯ϣ̯ӵʶģǻָһЩģԵҲʮֵĲ
ллˣҵϱ
һʱͷ˵Ҳ΢һ˿΢죬Ҳȥɨһ۽¡
ƺûʲôŷǰţҲǽסԼеƻ
ҲǿҪˣȥһɡ
ǴŽһ·ϹҲ;УҲǸ˲ٳԵĺһЩŮϲĶµҲǽ¶Цݡ
ð¸ĲһֱһС̯ӵĹȥĵȦӵԼֹģҲʮֵĿɰ
°Ŀ̶Щ·棬ʼЩ˵С״ģеСè״ġ
ǳճյĿŽЦݵӣԼҲǲ֪΢΢һϵеĶԼûй۲쵽
ˣҾҪһ
ҲǸǮһ״ĵĵҲһ׵ɫҲʮֵʥһҲʮֵĺͽ´䡣
ҲʮֵĸˣҲʮֵģлҳһ졣
Ҳĵ˵ģҲǶֵĸлһҲԼΪĻһ졣
Ͽ죬Ҵȥһطĸطһϲġ
˵֮Ҳֱס˽µ֣һ˹ȥҲǿһ£ҲǽԼ˻ҲһʱҲһµǰš
һʱ֮󣬿Զƺкĵƹ
˾
ڽµǰһƬһĺ⺣ˮҲʮֵ峺ʣµǳȻĻݲݣ֮Ҳһµζ
ǸľͷƺŵƻͨĴеӣʵǸ̫ԶˣֻܿɫĹâ
ө棬û뵽߾Ȼө档
¹۲ܣͻȻԼΧӨӨ̹⣬Ҳһ˷ܵ׷Щө棬ĿҲһֱΧŽµԣû뿪
һʱ䣬°ĺڲݵϣԼһҲʮֵķɡ
ҲǲֿʼԼԼΪʲôԼ˭
ƴԼļ䣬ҪһԼǰ飬ҲǾԼԲһ⣬ǲ˵ƴȥ룬ȴû˿ͷ
ǾԼͷԽԽ
ǽûע⵽ǣĿһֱ˽µϣû˿תƵӡ


567µ°

Ŵ⣬Щ
Ĵżľɫֻмô׳ۣҲȴԽһֺҪջ
Ϊʲôǲ̫ľɫΪʲôô⼸һֱûгȥԭɵġ
ܾúʲôҪĶˣô붼벻ÿҪŬʱ ԴҪըһʹ
ţһʱ֮Щʧˡ
ʱһ˼˻
򴽣˻ܵſȥš
Ҳû¶ȵӡ
Ҹոոһ࣬ȺȰɣôϽһֻúòﴽ彭ºЦЦ
ʶüͷԼЩûУƫЩ֮Сˡ
ллͲ鷳ˣҲǺϲлл㡣½ӹ࣬òл
Ҩһ࣬ߴ˴ʱ²΢΢̧֣ͽ
С׵㻹̶ڿǻӿİ죬һģĲ˵ͦϲࡣ
úȣºĶһĴָ
ͻȻ佱˼ͷ˵˾䣺Ҫȵ㻰Ժȡ
³ںζУټ˵Щģû壬̧ͷգһ˫ڰ׷īͫʣո˵ʲôû塣
ǸԸЩˣЩ˼˵ڶ飬򴽣Цûˡ
¡Ŷһͷ
Ž¹ɵģǰŮԽϲ
СûлױƷ泯죬һ׵
һҪԼߣСƽҸӡ
һܿͼףһСãЦúȣ
ϲĻ´μùҪ뿪

нԶĲӣԥƬ̣һ֡
ԣתɻĿŽ£ôˣ
ҿɲԳȥ棿üˣЩơԽ˵µԽС֪Ǽľڱ˼ңûҪȻ˵Ը񶼺ܴӣҲܺá
ԣ΢ɲһüͷ˼ľܾ˽µҪ󣺡УֻǸС壬ûʲôÿģ廹ûкãҪϢ
ý³ȥԭģ³ôƯһЩԣһȥЩԿô죿
˵ǱһЩ˽ĵġ
ܾ˵ĽʧҡҡͷҲûֳͷðɣлл
ſڣҪ˵ʲôӣʲôû˵뿪ˡ
磬ҷϣѲϵļĲ˶ڽǰЦݿ˵ǸҪԵаôݡ
ҲЦ˵԰첹
ЩεЦЦθʵû̫θڳЩģǲɨλˣӦļ˼Լ
ͷԷȻûͷĸ˸ȥ
ŷͻȻ˵Ǹ㿴ǼҲô죬СԸҲͦϵģҾ飬úõӣŴǿԳ֮ǰӹҲҲ֪ʲôԭ䵽ģСΪʵһúöԴġ
ԣ¸ս˼ڵ׷˳ȥҺת˷ûķ絽ϣؿڣ˼ƽ֮󣬲˵̣㲻ڿЦɣһ˾ңҺܸмҴȥ֮һᱨǵģҶԣҵľˣǲᷢʲôϵġ
ﻰ⣬תıԸ
䣬֮໥һۣ϶ûЦ⣬ĸ˵㽲仰Щ̫ˣǶ𱨰ǹԴסô죬ѵǰ׷ѵģǾĻʬ²Ƕ֪䵽ȥ˰ɣ
ϰԵ򴽡
°ܣ
ĸ仰˵Щˣһ۽ѿɫѿӷ裬ѻ˵ô
Ҳ˿ӣúƣ˳ܣ߳˼š
⻹һһ˳֪Уߵ˴ڡ
ڴڵ̨ϣЩĬȻ
ʱ첻СôӴ˽߽ʱ̨ϡ
ڰ׷Ӽ䣬ںڵīͫƯ΢죬۷۵ģεޡ
첻һĨޡ


568²֮

ҲĿ̫ȣڶԼµ䵽ϡ
һֱĶĿ̫Ĳ⣬õüͷƨϵĻҳ׼뿪
첻ǰӰ˶عܵǰֻ֣ס˽µ·
ˣôû㣿𣿵СطҲûʲôֵù͵ĵط첻ǸϸһԣĿЦŽ¡
ģΪֹƯŮˣǰŮʩѾ˾޵ĵز
첻´˽¼ۣīͫ˼£΢΢
ǰеˣټĴֻһᷳû뵽һγžһ鷳ͻȻЩŵԭˡ
첻񣬵õĽ²ûаѲñֵʮԣֻһλã鷳Ҫһؼҵ·
һ⻰첻¸ˣȤζĶŽ¿ļңܸܲĸŮ
첻ô򣬽ҧҧ´һЦ
һЦݣ˲Ͱ첻Եĵĵġ
ҮոǿŮ
첻ĿЩɢӣﻮһĨ⡣ע⣬æתܡ
һξ֮첻Ŵӽ¸ղǸЦݻعһ˫ӢĽü΢󲽳Ǹ׷ȥ
ȱܣֻʲô֣Ļ˼ҵġ
Լ첻ĺ̲סﹾ棬һ֪Լʲôء
ۿԽԽ°Լ˼רעǰܣΪ˦첻ʹ˳̵
Ȼ첻һ׳ˣǶܵıӻĽҲоһЩ
ܵô죬ܺðҲ֪ǷĹǿǿ
첻ǰǵϸıӰһ뷨
¿ӱ޵ܻصңҺӲǺܴҲôʮ˼ңҪȻܵһΪ̫ԭֻᱻ첻
Դӽ´Ĭ˳ȥ֮һ˾Ͷܽʱֻĸһڼеˡ
ͻȻĸһϸӰһ˫ǵ۾ϲĹâ

ܵſʱĸܵôţüʣôô죿ʲô𣿡
ؿڴոպиһֱ׷ҡ
ĸ˳Ž¸ոܻķȥע⵽첻ҲҷܹˣһĨţæѽƽݣżţûҵȲҪ
±ӲƽȥŹϣڵϴûдӸղŵ鴭
ͻȻһĸо
첻ĵһӡͲǸˡ
Ϣƽ֮󣬽°Ѷϣ˵ĶԻ
ոǲиƯŮˡ첻ǰĸʣѯʵǿ϶
ĸȻǲñ˵Ͻ£ЦϹ˵ʲôأкƯŮˣոǲˣ
ͿˣɲҪƭҡ첻ΣյĹ⡣
ĸǰ첻ɫŵˣһ£ͦη첻˵ģƽʱɵģ˵ҲǺģҪǺɾͺˣôǸ˵첻ȥ⣬ڽ˵ʱװһȥǸС˵첻͵⣬ǵúܶ˹Χۣ첻öӣ㵱ǸСһ٣û˼ҵĸ첲ж
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첻ıԽ䵭̾һҲգǱסҪ˭֪ǰ˻᲻ɥĲ˼ҶҪ
ðɣǾ͸ɣȷʵһƯĹסǼ֮ǰںӱ߼ģ֪ǲܵײǰЩ鶼ˡĸЩԸ˵Щ
첻ӵԸ񣬶׷˶׷ſˣָڶԽ´ʲô˼
ԣ첻üͷǸϵһСҲһ
ʧ䣿
ĸͷѾЩͷϻûбֳתøҶˣҲ֪ôˣ㿴ɫѾˣһҲҪˡ
첻ü߸һ˿Цݣת뿪
ת뿪ˣĸظһתݣˡ


569Ȱ

˼ֺ֮ȻתҽյĴţһ˫ϸ۽΢΢
С˶Ǻܿͻġ
첻һ֮ĸ֪º鲻ȥˣҪȻϼſڵϱ綼Ϊ˼ҵĶϱ
ϣĸټ棬͵͵Сǣĸѽ첻׷׷˵һ¡
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ĸҡҡͷǵûУֻҾ˻˼ҲпԭϾôƯЩֶûмƯģҲѱġ̾˿󳶵Ǵ˴λϣС㲻˵ϲ㿴ҪٲץһĻϲĹɾҪˣʱеޡ
ἰе£εϸΣֻٻɫĵƹ¿Ĳرԡ
ѯʵĸĽǣ
ĸ룬ÿ϶ҵĽܹѻˣԽԽãҿһգһӣҾǿͰѻˡ
ԣȵ죿ô찡ʱ᲻̫һ㣿
ĸֺɸֵζһۣû˸֮ͺڶˡ
Ȼ˵ʱҵˣҪ첻ӲҪѽ¸ߵĻҲû취Ͼ첻Ͱǰ
첻ǴûõˣͬҲǴǵˣǴһ
һº첻һĳĸͻ˼Ƥ
¼޸첻ǾһŮҰ޵Ĺ£ĺðײ˱ˡ
ĸĻҲû˿ˣȷʵҲǳѽȢţãǾĸİŰɡ
ĸ˷֣ܵЦãǾô˵ˣھȥ˵һҪ顣
վҪ߳ȥ
ʱȴͻȻסĵ˵ƽһ㣬ú˵Ҫһѻ˵ô
㿴ڻû˼ȢѾ˼ˣҪȢô죿㰡ϱĸģ˶ŮǶ
İɣзִ硣仰ĸµķȥ
ĸʧӰһֲԤ
Ůһͺ׼ƽڼûٰѵǶĸԾûкǽ´žͲһˡ

һͷĸѾߵ˽·ſڣţ˯û
Ľ´ʱ׼ϴ˯ĸֹͣ˶û˯˵ߵſȥŴ򿪡
ôʲô𣿡ᵽһıζ֪ĸʲô£ĬֻҪǸһ˵һж˵
ЩʱʵԼкܴĲࡣ
ĸŽһ߽£ЦӯӯĿǰһɵĽ£ڽ£ԽԽϲ
ǸǼҵĸоʲô
ĸͷһ⣬Щͷԣ㲻ʵͼʲô˼⡣
ҵĸоô
»һ⼸ҵĴ
ô˵Ҫֻһ⣬ǿ϶Ҳָ¡
ʣҶȷʵŮһ
ʵشǶҺܺãҲϲǡ
˵ֻǼ򵥵ϲû̫ࡣ
˵⣬ȴġ
һ⻰ĸ;ýºϷˣüɽһϲЦ仰˼ǲҲͦϲģ
ԣЩˡ
ʲôȫȫǾ仰˼
εЦЦҶ԰֮ϲ֮⣬û뷨ˣǧҪ˼
üϵЦ⵭ȴ˼֣һһ࣬˵Ǻз࣬࣬ҪһĻҲһ󸻴󣬶ңǼҰҲǴϲ㣬ҪúùһҾͺͺһ£ҪͰˡ
ʵʲôĸұģΪľΪǾ仰̵档
īͫȻЦȻʲôʲôЩһ鶹ײԼĳ嶯ΪʲôҪһЩ飿ں˰ɣĸˡ


570±ҩ

ʵ˲ᣬͨѻУҪǸһһӵĻһģ˵ʲôͺһҪĶȴʼ벻ǸҪĶʲô
Ҫʲôʱ򣬲ܰǰЩһУ᲻Ķʲô
⣬Դֿʼʹˡ
ɫʹסԴ
״ĸæѯʵôˣ
̫Ѩʹ΢һЩ´ڰ֣û£ˮĺ֢ɡ
кתӣĸһЦмǵõ״̬飬ҪһƯƯӡ
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µʹĸ仰˲佽ȥ˲٣Ŀ΢ţס׼뿪ˣҪ𣿡
ûӹɵ˵
ƺϵ»ܾһĸҲٸѯʵĻᣬת뿪ˡ
ҽ£ҲûҪѯ˼ֻǹ֪һӦǲӦ֮ҲһҪΪҵĶϱ
űϣµҲһͳ
ĿͻȻʹаͷһ㡣
ѵҪһԼ˹ô
ǣΪʲôоûѹء
ڴϣڱ죬ﴫһƵĳ
ĸȥ֮󣬾ͱסˣŵĿĸʣ裬ôûͬ⣿
ӴͲõôˣ֮׼ɣڿԸı˹鿩ĸ̲ס٩
˼ͷɵɵЦ˼

һ磬ĸ͸˶Ψһ⡣
Ǿ첻ǿɲң˭֪첻μ˵Ļ񣬻ʲô˵ġ¡
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Ҳû뵽ġ
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첻õϢʱЦЦЦһ¡
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˶ҵģ˭

ϣһͻȻһֻһЩƷߵˡ
ҰֽҸģ˵ҪףҵһƯĶϱﲻ󣬵ҲҸ׵һ⣬Ҫ°˵䣬ǸѾеĶ
ﶼѾԼҵˣĸҲˣֻǰʵЩİ벻⾿һ˵ĶӣܹҲôôͷβЩѾʶˣǰȴ˿ӡûС
Ҳֱ˼ĸ˵Ķӣ㲻پˣҲ϶ˣҲǼģֻԵĴ洢ռޣûˡ
˼ĸȻҲ׼֣ǸʲôСллְˣӦûûԷɣҪȻһԣ
Ǹ˻˳ƴӦ
ĸȥ׼ҲûǱĨЦݡ
Ǹ˾һ˻н³
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оЩԾǺ˵ĻΪʲôİûе£
ѵ
ֵ̫ˣָҪǸ˵Щʲô͸Żû˵˾ȵȥˡ
˿ߵµļˣ΢΢һĨ⡣
Է֮ǰƻˮҩոԼȲ˾Ƶԭܾ˺ȾƣԻţ̹ܾȣҲΪʲôûеȥԭ
˴Ӷ﷭ֻͨѶ¼ҵһ벦˳ȥ
ι磬Ѿɹˡ˴ϣһ˶ˣĵ
绰ͷ첻̲סȸԾһȭһãڸϽ͵Ҽҿɾ㰡Сӣһ·ǧҪ˼ʲô£Ҫ֪˵Ļӷ㣡첻ԼûܵȱˣͲǱߵ˷һݻ
ŵ绰ЦһſϵĽ£ҲǺҩԵʣշɫ
˾ǰȷʵͦ˵ġ
첻쵰涼Щ뷨
Ǯ£ǲԸ⣬ֻԼӦ顣


571滻

ϣ磬ֵ֮ζûʲôѵ㻹𣿷ģһĴȥ·϶һһԡ
ͷ첻չЦգЦã㣬ڿ˴ɣһ·ϣע㣬ñ˷ˡԴһ֮첻ûһ첻ģﶼһЦݣ͸оǱһֻèצһ㣬ġ
ڵϹģ˭ῴͷһٸ˵

ҩЧȥˣѹˣŷεԴ˻ΣЩ롣
֣ȻǺܺãҲһ͵ɣովͺһھƶѣô͵ȥˣ
ңֹһܺõĸ׾ȻҲſϣʵ̫ˡ
סߵߣҡҡѹֽĸѡ
ĸ۾ѹһܣʵǸСӻȥˣ




ͬʱֵԾڷŽµ֣Ӧ
ǰδľƣţüͷƵζ̫ԡ
ʱҲӦղƷҩȻεĹаѽ¸ˡ
Ǿ˵лǸĺ£ǰһʹһֻƷ
ĸҲûڲѣڿô찡ˣȴˣⶼЩʲô°Ҿ˵ǸʱҾúİԭǰĹģǿۣ
һж׷ĪˣһжѾˡ
ڴҲǺһңÿǲŷ»ҪȢһƯĶϱţûĻǾͶˣ
һڷȥͣ취
ͻȻĸ˵ҼǵǸּҵǸŮ׷ͦ˶԰ɣҿǺӳҲҲܺãҪȻ͸ɣ
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ּҵǸŮȷʵĲҪǸ±ǿɾͲֹһǰˡ
³취֮⣬Ҳ벻õİ취ȥˣԥһҧӦ
æϵּȥ
ʲôҪǼѼѸǶ飿ӲѾһδ𣿡ּҷ򸾶ҵ˴˴ĿҲĸе𾪡
ϣǰϢŮּѵʱʹ˺þãڻʹʧ˵ıû߳
ּѵķšǰɡһˣּѺ۾˳ҲԼңЩίӿͷҭҭ㡭ôˣ
ּѳĸæǰץסСֵѼã˵°㲻һֱϲǰҿ۾ô죬ǲΪҪһ٣ڸ飬᲻Ӧ
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ĸͷһɫļ»кͷӴó˵ģ㿴¶˹
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˻ϲ˳˼ʵڽϣߴߴµĴǣһƬӡ
ּҲ֪ʱѾԱߣ͵͵һСĴָ
˵ʵڶûзӦԼϲ˺ܾõ˾ȻҲϲ

һߣ첻ԼϵĽ£ϴŵɫĳһ㣬ܺõĽĴչʾ˳
ֱǸﰡ
ֻţһ߽
ΪոճɫУһʱ߻վһСܡ
СܿԼϴһٿ˿ϰŵļˣüͷ
ջǲĿһİײ˱ˣһϴ󣡡
׼⿪·첻Сһ󺰣ŷӦﻹһˣ±ϣõʲô£
ϴδǰڵ˴ſˣһҪ򵽹ڵϽаְ֣Сһڡ
첻ƽ̵ľǱ˼Ŀ۴ŵĽ£ҧϾͻ 㿴
˵꣬ȥ
Сܼ첻ѾʧԼҰ棬߹ȥн£塣
ӻѹ΢ķ˿䣬һ¶İԺĿǰˡ
С㣬߰ɣҴ뿪
˵꣬СǣŽµȥ


572С

ʲôѽҲлңҪĻڵ³Ҳ󡣡
һղŵһĻҲʮֵĺ£ҲģллԼǰԼˡ
ҽСҲ̫ڸлңЩҲ˺ܶ캦飬ҲǵõԼĵ𡣡
С˵仰֮ԴҲǵȥҲܸܵʱ˿ĵһɱա
ǰʲôҾʲôҲ˲ٵĴ£һֱǲԼЩ飬ֱ㣬ҲһЩҿȥıһЩ
˵ЩʱСҲ¶һ˿ЦݣƺǻĳֵĽѣҲǿǰˡ
ڻ˵ʱ򣬸Ͽܣ첻һɱ˲գ۵ĶħֵĻûк³ġ
С˵ʱƺһ˿أҲ֪ЩС첻Ҳ˲ٵ
Ҳǵ˵ͷʮͬ뷨ȻԼҲ˺Զ·ҲǸоԼҲĿʼûҲҲ֧Ž¡
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ʲôǸŮ˾ȻСˣСѾˣֵǸһȥһҪ׽
һе첻ҲʮֱֵԱߵ˹ȥֱӽĵϡ飬ֵҲǵ˵ͷֱһЩһһ׷˹ȥ
Щ˵ٶҲʮֵĿ죬ҲǾЩϵĶҲų˲ɱȵġ
СȰϿǸŮ׷͵ǰȻҾͽ㲻ú
±һЩ㣬ܵٶҲԽԽҲǲ֪˶ãͻȻһ¸оߵСҲһ
ʱºСҲվס˽Ųߵ첻ͣ˽ŲҲû׷ֻһЦݵĿţˣƺǼСһᰴԼ˵һ
ڳ˵ĿⶼǾۼСϣҲʮֵĽţϾСΪԼԲŻ뵽˵ԼȥҲпԭ
ЩҸǻ£ԼѾԼľԺ󶼲ָˣϿܡ
ֻǸоԼļ粿һɾ֮͸оǰһӰǰ˹ȥԼǰ
ϿܣģҾҲܵ˺ģȻĻ˽춼
֮µĶ߾ʹСĻһֱҲǽҲǰţΪҲ֪һжСΪԼȡġ
ˮҲŽµղϵڽµҲӵ˹
СǳıӵˣȻҰסȡȡѵȥǰǸŮ˽ˡ
첻˵֮󣬱Žµķ˹ȥƺҪֱСĴڡ
ǽ˭Ҳ˺С첻߹ȥĲҲû˿ĳɣֱ첻˹ȥ
Ͽˣ˴߿첻Ҳ̷ʹĽ˺ѷΣҲǻͷȥСſ첻ϣֱӲĽ첻һֻҧڻû֡
첻ЩҲ̸˹ֱӶСȭСҲǲϵķƺ֮ҲܸоǶôʹ
ӸôȻ飬ҽ첻Ū㡣첻ҲƺǱһжŭˣֱվҲǲʲôʹС˹ȥ
ҲǲҲ֪Сǳ˶ôʹࡣ
ҲǱԽԽСһ֮¾ˣ²Ҳǲ뵽
ϴСѾˣҲɣӦøϿȥһ˿ڣӦøϿ촦һ¡
Աߵһֿ˵ƺ첻ûӣСţתͷ뿪ˡ
ϴǸŮ˾ô𣿡ԱߵһƺҲһЩĵĿ˵һǸòӣˮ
ž
µϾʹһʹ첻İѾ档
ڵĶ䶼ˣȻŮˣϿʧʧҵǰ
ϴ֪ˣ֪Լ˵ˣԭҰɡ
Ҳ̿ĵҲ֪첻ƢŪһ˵ĻҲ׾١
첻ҲԽԽֱӿ˵ģžת뿪ˡ


573Ǳ

һߵĽҲûи˿ͣЪҲ첻ʱ׷Լͻɥ֮֡
Ҳǲ֪˶ãоԼ˫Ѿʧ֪Ҳһݵϻ˯˹ȥ
Ҳǲ֪ãһ˽µ۾²۾Χޱ޼ʵĲݵأƺѾ֪ԼѾӳˡ
С߲𣿸Ͽѽ
ͻȻоԶһȥȴһ߿˹
ôˣﲻ𣿡
Щ飬ҲǾһʱȻ˻شˡ
ҪСȥһֱҲ·ˣ԰𣿡
Ҳǽǰɨһ飬ֻһѮ˰ˣҳƺͿһЩݣƺҪȥģһ뵽;ԼԺͶԷһ·Ļ˵ԴСȥ
ҲСϵˣҪȥҲǿԣ˳·һ̡
ƺҲʮֵĴ飬ûʲôɣҲǵ˵ͷʮֵĸл档
ϲôˣôôѽ·Ҳһľ룬ҲǲͣĿʵ
ǸľˣֻʣһͷӺǸѾ̱˵Ķӡ
ҲΪҵĶӣҲǲòȥЩȥҵĶӺҡ
˿˵ţ۾ƺһЩˮһҲʮֵֹۣŽЦ
ǸѽҲǲԼţϰѾܶˣڼҲǱһЩҲΪ˼ṩһЩѡ
˵ԼĶʱҲ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫ¿Ҳǿʼˡ
ϲǰҷͺˣʣµ·ԼˣҲǺܹأǶٿԻһЩǮҲĳˡ
ʱ´ԼĿڴóһŵϲ棬ǽ֮ͷԼϡ
ôصĶôԸңԼúñŰɡ
ϲҲ̷ǽѾ¶˾ģȵ˵طֱ֮ӽǸϲĳ֮Լת뿪ˡ
֮ĽһЩãΪԼ棬ԼҲزġ
Ҳֻ·߿ʼͻȻһǰͻȻͣҲǲ˹ȥ
һڹ̨۵ĵطһֱǸƺʲôԼѽ
ǹۿһԱƺҲǿŽһֱۿӣҲһЩͷ
εҡҡͷ֮뿪ҵһĵطԼ˲ʱԼ֪˷
ǸղŵǸһ˲ͻȻ˽µԺߣƺҲ⣬óһֽ·߿ʼ
Ҳǲ֪˶ãҲǾԼҲʮֵƽֻƾԼǸղԼҲһһλ˳
ûвԼһʱֻһվԼ۲ԼһϵΪҲǿΪ̫רעûз֡
㻭ĺܺã֪ûȤͼңҿԻǮͼ
ͻȻһµĶߣҲǱһתͷȥһվԼͼ
ȻҪչͼƺҲǸо˼飬ԼֻԼ˼·ֻģȻǱ˿С
ʮôǲĻǿ
ƺҲǶͼڱصõӣֱӿڿ󵶣۸Ҳýһʱû뵽ԼֻһȻ˵ĸ߶ļ۸
ʵһһ뷨ǵĹ˾ǵĹ˾һƵĹ˾ʮֵҲʮֵʶҪ뵽ǵĹ˾ĻһἫΪƼģҲһʮвܵˡ
ҲǴЦݣƺڽҲʮ͵ӣҲһʱߣҲû뵽ġ
»ûдӸղŵǸϢзӦֽ˵Ļý¾
ϸ˼ҲǾԼûеطȥԼļ仹ûһҲǲ֪ԼӦȥԼֱ˵ĻҲܱҲһĻᡣ
ԼʱҲûиõȥԼһݹԼҲһõѡҲͱǴӦ


574½¹˾

λǽһλʦԺǾһͬˣҪͬǽһ㡣ҵ֣һλ
µͷ̨ףѹѹһȺˣ⻹Щŵģ̨Щ΢΢ף˻֣ЦҺãԺԽ˾඼ĵطõĵطҲϣҿ԰æָҸϣԺԻ˵꣬ǳһЦ
һҺ֮ǰһ˵ǣҪȻڿ϶ŵ˵ˡ
̨ͬ¶ǸЦݸõˣ۷ŰݵĶŽ¿ð죬˴ͷƣŲýվ̨ϸеΡ
½˹˾һЩĸ֮ҵѽ´һ칫
ҵ߽ȥ뿿ڰ칫ϣԽ˵Ժ칫ĵطЩ⣬ҪǲĻԼٸװһ°ɡ
ѲһΧĻɫİ칫ϰֲɫƤɳ칫Ĺߺܺã֮һֺʵĸоȴֲʧ
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̫͸͸ĲӶ̫£ůĹ˵ӶӳյЩ˳ü£һ˫ڰ׷ʢһˮһԵġ
ҵ΢ͣһʱ侹˻Ӧ
ҵĿ͵Ŀ»ûҵĳߵҵǰ˻֣ܣôˣ
һֻλεСǰȥҵ߻ǲű˻ʶԼղŵʧ̬ȭһϲͺãӽԺİ칫ˣһЩ˻е㲻ҪȥǶŸɣӦľǰԼıó֤ǿ㻭ĺܲͣҿ㡣
µͷİҵⷬȰ˽ȥ
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΢üչˣ֪ǰĹʲôƵļôãҲһǸʦɡ
˵Ҳ֣ǰЩ䶼Ѿˣƫƫļȴյĺܺã츳ʧȥЩ䣬ǹеı컹ǲʧ
̾һżûи
ͼ½üм£ΪʲôЩܹգǰЩºȴͳͳ벻أҶû˿
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ҵǲΪŮӶϲַɫ
ŮĽ»еģ̫ϲ̫۵ĶԶԣɫͺɫɫ򵥵ɫӶθһ㡣
¿ɫĿèεҡҡͷűߵ˲ˮȥû߽ȥ洫
һ򶼲̫ϲ͵˼ǽǣ׼߽ȥʱȴԼйصĴ
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ͽǸʦô
ǸŮİҾòôĺÿһ˭֪˼ĳǲǺڵģҲ˰ɣһ̨˾ЩеľûƯŮһֱĶ˼ҿ޲ҪǸŮ˵·仰ʮ㡣
Ǿ仰Ӻ˺죬ûȥۣǻҪ⼸˻Ҫ˵ЩʲôҲĵһ죬Щͬ佱ġ
þһӵҪȻôܶôãҪ˵һҩһѾԼ칫ңһ˹˾߼εʦʵڲ˶кÿ
˼ǾǿߺŽ𣿡
԰Ҳֹôã˾ĺöŮͬ¶룬Ҳڰ͵͵۽ǸŮء
ºҵ칫֮ǰǾ仰汻ϵˣڱӣ˵ֲá
׻˵ĺãŮ˼µֻһ仰Խһ˵˸͸


575ͬǵĵ

µĿûôĲģֻǱ˼ҵļ仰һ˶һطĵĿ޸ȥġ
͵͵Ͳܽκ⣬ֻñ˾ųͻӾۣӵı䱾ȥ۸㡣
һ˫𽥱´˽ȥЦЦĿŸղű佱ǼŮ˵Ƕ˽м֣ʲôʸڱͷģһ֪ԭô˾ͬأллǸЩ
ǰһ˽²һһСµŮˡ
һǸղ۵ĻͻȻˣ˷۵׵ɫʱɷףЩεĿŽ¡
Ĭ˰룬һŮ˿ڣô˵ǵ£ԼͣͬҲֲǡ
һȴͷ⼸ҲһԸ͡
ԣϷûгı飬ﴽЦһǣȷʵǹܲǣҾǺôһ˾Աͬһϰ¹Ժ֪Ҫͬһ³ϦദãҲϣǵĹϵֵ̫˵ߺŵ飬ģշһ֤Ҳƽ޹ߵλϵġⷬȶǸղŵһԵķûаѻ˵̫Ǹеѿ
˵Լôܻ᲻ǲϣĵһ˵С
˵һ󴮣¸Ӿÿиɬˣ´
иСëϲһ촽ҺںǷˮģҪȻ֪Сﶼ˶ٿںɷˡ
ƿˣߵˮǶˮ
ǣȥˮŮ໥һȥȥײһ¡
ΪһȣԽװˮʱˮǾʮȵʱײһģˮûȣ潦һЩˮɫĳϣպڶƤһλá
ˮС뱭ˮϣ̵ˮ̵ĶƤЩʹüͷԾ
ղײǸˣһƬɫ
ˮ䲢Ҳܳ㣬㹻Ǽ˴ȥˣȴײ
˵ʲô
˵ǹģ
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ԣ̲ס︹̣бˮһ£пܱһҪС֡
⻰˵ֱ׳ûҪǸ˼ºͫȾ˼ֺ⡣
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ѭȥȴҵ߽˲ˮ䡣
ҵߵߣŶӣˮɼҲ뵽ղ﷢ʲô
ո׼ȥ°칫￴Ĺ״̬û뵽ȴһĻ
ѵ˹˾ĹŽѰ˺飬ڵΪʲôԶ𣿿ƽʱǵĹضһɶˣȻҵĻԷ磬ҲɴˡҵĮһ˿Ļصⷿ档
Ǽһҵ˾ˣҵǲҪϰʱɫͰǿɲΪ¾ʧȥݹ
ģĲǹģģ´Բٷˣٸһλɡ
ҵûǵĻӦѾȨڽϡ
ô
һҵҪý¾ǵȥһ޿ı飬ǸոǸ˶µģѾʰ뿪׼ˣȴû뵽¾Ȼ˵
ܣҲǹģ͸һλɡ¶ƤϵȸѾɢ࣬ҲɢЩߣҲϣΪһ׶˶˷롣
һ棬ҲϣҵΪԱ˵ϢȥڴҾͶڴҵйϵˣ²ϣӻķչȥ
ÿ˵һⶼµʱûΪǸһ£ƶһӶһˡ
ԣѡԭ¡
ҵû뵽»ɫӵĿ˽һֳۣ˵ˣԺ۸ͬµ鲻ٷˣҪǻ´Σֱʰɡ
ǼĻ˵ʲôӦ˼ǡܿ˳ȥһҵͻıעһǸϳȥһ


576

ˮֻʣ˽»ҵҵһ۽·ˮգʵǹŪģ
ǿ𴽽ЦһûˣȻѾȥˣûҪپȥˡ
Ϊ»ҵ顣
ҵ²⣬ûǿȣĵʣڸоʹ𣿡ղһͿҧֵӣܹܵʱҲһ£֪İʲôֻЩԼȻôϲһʶŮ
ãƶǿǱˡ
ΣյʱӦõǷȥ룬еǣҺˮǽ˶Ƥϣûнϣˮ̶ȣǵҪ̻ˡ
һ룬ɢࡣ
ԣҵǵ˵ô죿ҪҪȻؼϢһ£ûĻš
±ҵĴСָЦˣҲڹԼҡҡͷ˵ôֻǱһ¶ѣڰ칫Ϣһ¾ͺˡ
ҵ˼ĵ˵ͷĿͽ»صİ칫ңת͸˸绰
ȥһҩ

¶ϱ˵ĵطѾûʲôоˣڰ칫æԼĹʱһ´һƸ̧ͷ
ҵ˽
㣬Ȼһˡҵ֪Ůаģһ覴ãڽõŮ϶עԼۡ
µĿ䵽ϣһҩҲҵĻùġ
ˡ
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ллܶԱĹػ
ҵﴽ룬Խ¿ֻܲ˾ԱĹػô򵥡
Ȼ°һȥԷڻҪھƵסȥ𣿡ҵһ¶档
˵סµıЩȻ˭ھƵһֱסȥأֻһжȶѣڸΣҲһǮûУƵķûҵġ
̾һ޿סƵסģѲסҰһ˵²ž˵ЩʣæĿڣûǸ˼ܱᡣ
û¶ҵҲͦסҼҵģ϶ԸⰡҵµ˵һߴŽµı顣
Ȼµɫ˼룬ֹЦ˼zʯļ𰡣ҪǱһŮסһĻ϶Ӱġ
ҵ΢¶һ΢Цûټȥ
ھƵסҲãȻѾ˹ˣǿ϶ܳһʱ䣬ûһ֮ôУҪȻҰһط
˵ǣллˣǡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôȲõǮ⣬˵䴵ţĻȱľǮˣӵǮȰţԺǮٻҾˡҵϲµºҪ˵Ļһ˵˳
Ȼദʱ䲻Ҳ˽⽭²ϲǷ֡
ԥһǴӦãǾôľˣ
ǵȻһȥԷ𣿡ҵָڰ칫תȦȦ͸Ľš
á

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ҵǸٶͦʿȵġ
ҵһָһ
Ѳ˵ҵȴָָ£ЦйһͳĹ򣬵ҪŮʿȡ
ĬĻЦˣµͷЦһ
洫һĵ
ԺЦЦЦӺƯ
£仰Щʱ򰡣ЩΡ
ǵЦݽ˼£վԱ߻Ų˵һεķŷӦ˷ӹ˵ʣûʲôɿڰɣ
ҵҡҡͷûУ㰮Եľͺá
¿ĿĲƷ˼ԼԵĲˡ
ʱҵ͵͵ѽ°ԵĲ˸
ǼƫĲˣҵһ׼ԭϲԱȽ嵭һĲˡ
Թ󣬽»ΪҵҪԼͻؾƵ꣬û뵽ϳ֮ȴҵ˵ѾҺˣҽӵ㹤ʰһ£Ϳסȥˡ
¾ȵĿ
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ǵ͹ҵµٶȰ
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577¿ʼӦ

һҵҵǸӡ
¸ոһ·ϿһСĻֻðݣСҽԺгжУһ¥Ϳȥˡ
ò˵ҵĻͦܵġ
ס¿·ĸ֣ԢһһģպýһסԢװζѾŪˣ͵Ž°ᶫˡ
ллܣ˵лл̫ףǳ֮⣬Ҳ벻лķʽˡ
ôҵ΢΢üͷѾ˵ллˣԺôˣӦ˰ɣ
ԣһͣĬ˰룬ŷӦʵҵҡ
仰ҵüļ޼˼ֵȻѾˣЩ׵ĻԺ˵Բ˵УĸѶѵĳƺ滹ܵģڹ˾У˽µʱһϣܹҪҵ˾ֱӽ־ͺá
ҵ
ֱӴǲЩò
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Լ˼æҡͷ˵ûУҲǸ˼ֻǾֱӽЩ̫ò
ԣҵɫȻÿһЩЦͽҵָ綼ԣ֮Ҫܾˡ
˼һһȲԵȴҲԵòòĳƺ̽ԵʣǾͽָ磿
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ҵͷϲƺ
ʱ䣬ʱ䲻ˣȻȥˣϢɡ

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簲

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Ȼ˶ʺˣǽ¿϶Ͳӹ˾ſߵԼİ칫ң˴Ļᣬһ·ϣҪЦˣԼЩӲգڰ칫˼Щ仯ԭ
ѵˮǼ±й¶˳ȥǱԭ
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ͦõģʲôԭ⹫˾㲻ǱĽɫˣٱ˲ٸɫ

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˶֪ϼиܳʦ
ôڹ˾ŻϰӦû۸˰ɣҵ⼸칫˾ԱԽµ̬ȶʵǳŽ²ڵʱ͵͵Աһ׼۸ָ
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ҵԼ۾æգȻһƬɫϿ覷ۺúһµģȦ̫ˣ覷۶סˣ̾һǰƵʱͻȻˣһֱȥˣûע⵽ʱ㡣
ҵһ˿ֱۣܿȥһ˫۾ָֻƽ޲
ԺҹˣҪĵҲûҪ
áӦڸҵദ֮ദ
ǱҵЩ˲һĺǿģҵǱͼĶãǲǶе飬ôƽ޹ʵĶôã
ֻ֮ദģʽˣһֱװŲ
ЦˣĹ˳͸Ĵ˽ЦȾ˽ɫ
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ҵǰĽ£Ŀô
ʼֻǾýºܺÿıϵʸˣԽҪÿÿһʱ⡣
Ʃڣֻţ˵һ仰Ҳ÷ǳ㡣
һ»ͦʧģ˾˶óһ㣬ȴûвһǹװ˵ıֻǺԣ
ҵ̾һ
±ҵЩ˼Щ̣ȥװûвӼæŹ


578·

ȥ֮󣬽µҲȶΨһúܿյǣϰʱ˭˾߲㣬˾ఢ̣ÿοһ
ʱҵһ˺ӡ
ٽ°ʱ°칫ҵűߵˣæŻͼ΢̧ͷɨһſڵķֵͷ

ҵƿţվſھͿͷɵĽ£ߵķ˿мɢڽ۵ϣͻȻһ¾õĸо˽ȥ
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ôҲ˵仰ոջ̫ˣûע⵽˼ǸЦЦ
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һϸ²ûŵԭѾԲô˰ÿҵȥĶǸߵ꣬Ȼ֪ҵǮͲ⼸ٷǮǽ»Ǿһֱ벻̫á
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ôˣҲӦֵ˰ɣ˵
ҵ˼룬ûƳ٣ֱӴӦð
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֮ǰҵȥЩߵԷʱ۾գһ£һѣ
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ڶĽ¿ҵ޳ָָָȥģоĿھǱһӣۣһ
һᵽǮҪԡ
ҵѾ˲ˣĽһʹļ׵ģ΢΢
¿ĿĲˣȴθȫޣĴŶЩǮϰɡ
԰Щɶ㻨˺öǮģôر
ʱҵһʱýĻ
£
˵ûЩɶôǮģһҪѱԻУ
𵶲棬Żʼһ磬ǵڷҶҵԽ²ûѶֵôţԵһ㡣
ҵŽµӣݸĹ˹
֪⼸Ϊ飬µʳʱҲЩŽЩݵļ°ͣȻһʹ
ǰİ֭Сţ⵽Ե㡣
ͻȻһСţ⣬µ΢ɲĳ鴤һ¡
ڹ
˼ȥϸ
ҵȻҪȥϲ齭²δϣϾ
˵ͷҵȥҲûע⵽ҵûķȥ
Ͼĸ˻ᶢ˼ȥϲأڱ̬Ϊ˺
ҵ֮ϵķѾԵĲˣóһ˲죬˵ҳԱˣɡ
ԣҲ˵棬һϵϹ
ԱˡǮĬĬЩǮ˵ټȴͻȻĻͷ
С㣬һѾˣٽһˡ
Ŀ΢ţüͷ˶һЦҵ
ղųԷĹгͻȻ˵Ҫȥϲ֮⣬ҵһֱǰԺпҵȥϲͰ˸ˡ
õģлл¶Է˵ͷ
뿪֮󣬽±ҵ˵˵һ͵ô򵥰
ҵνʼ磬ЩΣû°ϲ˳ģǰ̨ʱǮûסҹȥˣҲΡ˼ֿЦ
ԣ΢΢鴤һ£һ۲Զϴּ䡣
ûоǰ̨
´Щӡ
˳ŽµĿȥϴּʱҲֻ΢΢һϲûбֳ𴩵ľ


579ָ

ˣؼҡ˵䣬ҵѾ
¸һǰһ˳
Ƿҵһ飬µ鲻ôʣһ·ϣҲͷƫ⣬ȱȱĿŴЩ
һЩҵ򵥵Ϊһǲ֪ô
ҵҲķΧЩ̫ԾɤӣƬžơ
һᣬǹڵЩҵ󿧾ۻύĵطҲzһ֪ʦˣȥǸطʶһЩ˻ܴ󣬵ʱһȥɣ
ԣ¶⶯˶ߴӴ˻ҵ۽΢ȥ𣿡
ϾղҵҲ˵ˣξۻĶһЩҵĴ󿧣ҲֻǸճһСʦˣȥĻпܻ˵Ĳ
ʣôˣģ˵ģȫ˵Ŀ⻹ϣǳҫŮˡҵǹһ˿Цݡ
ЩüͷʣΪʲô
ۼһȺֵУôƽôܻȫĿģ
ҵȻǼ¸߽£ֻصʱ֪ˣȾһȥɣ
ԥ֮󣬽´ӦһҪύһЩ󿧣һȥҵ˵Ǿ仰ǲġ
µĴҵ֮еģʹھܾˣһа취Ӧȥġ
꽭»ؼ֮ҵûֱӿؼңһ鱦꣬ǵҹ˾нƵĽָ
ڶҫĽָҵһָųһöָöָóһ¡
һεĺһö׹Ľָ档
ǽƳĽָ뽭Ϊ˶ƣҵϣ¿ԴԼƵĽָ
ΪǽƵģһĳߴҲǽָĳߴ磬ûٿĽָҵֱӶԵԱ˵ɡ
ԣԱ΢΢һǵһμҲĽֱָӾѡһָ׼õЩ˵ûü˵ڣĬĬǿָŻԭλһµĳװøҵˣְҵ˳
Ǻ۹⣬ǵ½ĽָʽճһλʦƳģʽӱҲŮϲͣŮһϲöָġ
󣬵ԱְԵһ䣺ָ׼𣿡
ҵϣͷ
Ц˼ֳ磬ڿĳİĶһǵõԱҲһҵİ顣
ҵѽָзŻضһ·ϣֶڶöָ֡
صϣҵѺӴ򿪣￪ŵƣٻɫĵƹ£ָɫĹâҲٻɫԵø
ղŽָԱ˵öָΪ飬Ȼǽ¡
Ѿ¶ˣҪڹϣ顣
ô϶и׷ߡ
û֮ǰҵڼԼǷǳˣǮҲܲȫκȱݣ֮ڽǰȻʼеԱ
ÿһԼϲǰչֳԱһɡ
½»õˣȥˣҪȳС
һʱദҵý¶ûи飬ҪȻҲһһεĽĺ⡣
飬ҵ˰ٷ֮ʮĳɹʣʣµİٷ֮ʮҲҵԱ
ҵι֮һ췽ԳزҲоȨ

ΧһȦʱ㿴Ͱѻ
ԣֳЩװòҪɫģҪȽʵһЩ

ҵʼֲֳΪ󲿷˼ڹ᲼ֳϣҲҵԴոһԹ֮ٳֵˡ
°֮ҲԼһȥԷ
⻹Ϊļҵ°֮ڵļ°գû°ʱҵѾܵ칫ˣŵȻҪȥʲô
»Ϊҵ⼸ʲôҪæҲûȥ°֮󣬾ʱͬȥһ֣Ҳǹͦڵġ
ʱһˡ
ľľɳ棬ǷϣűɢһЩƿƿ޹ޡ
ﻹһơƣࡣ
һֱҲᣬȫû
뽭ʧ٣ӦҲѾһ°ɣ
ûȥҹֻôȫмʮڸ˿ڣҪҵһô׵飬ڽµĴλö֪ȥң


580ɥ

ŵƺõЩͷˣʼü
Ĭ˼룬ֹסǰɡһһŮ˴˽ľǷϵӣüп£м·һСһ
ʤп첽߹ȥľơƹ޶ߣϡ
ơҲľɺȵĲˣʹʤһţҲδˮ
ľһνı飬Ǹˣֻϵıֳ˼֡
Ķľɣʤһʱ֮䲻֪ôԸһֱľɶʡĵĺӣСҲûи鷳ľҲһֱĽΡվڽ˸ͷ
һʱ䣬ľɻ϶Ѱҽ£˾ҲûôϹģĸ׶ľһʱҲаţҪȻľͻᱻЩ˳ˡ
ʤ̾һڶľǰסǿԼ۾֪㻹ΪûҵѹҲ֪ʱܱȾƲҲΪʮƿƾܹҵõҸ㣬ЩٶûκãԼһɥ壬ʲôˣľԸʶģ
˵˺ü˵껹޷޲ƽĿŶľɣ˵ô࣬Ҳ֪ЩȥûС
ͻȻľɺϵıȻһĵٲղˡ
ľ䵭û֮ǰʤΪһӾʲݵĶȹˣκ鶼ǹ֮ǿҲʼڻˣҲ֮ǿͬҲʼЩһŹĵġ
ڽһһж񱻴ԭΣľֱǰģø䵭ò£ʲô¶κβˡ
Ȼһ˱ҲΪ飬һ˱仵ҲΪ顣
ʤмľɰղǷȥˣҪʤ׷ּ˵Ȼ˵ʧˣҾҲûбҪԼôǱ㿴㣬춼ֻڷȾƣҪǻĻӻô룿
ľɵıһӣһֱߡ
ĬƬ̣ɳƵͳڷ
裬˵ˡ
̫û˵ľɵɳƵ
׻ģľôɳƣʤлȡ̾һ֪⼸̾˶ٿˡ
֪ľǲᵽµ£ʤҲͷ˹ȥת˵ˣ㷿zҪһᣬҵҵǶľҲеα뺯ȥμһ°ɣ˳ɢɢġ
裬Ҳȥ
ʤеĻû˵꣬ͱľɸˣüӿһɲͷڹϣδôȥμЩٵ᣿
ľۿڵԬ˵۾Ҳգ˽ȥʱһҲһȥ
ºҲѰûзֽµʬ塣
ԽµǱ˾ˣ͡Ѿɥף޴֪
ΪʲôȥȥμᣬһǿΪľѰøӺõԴȻǹᣬôڹҵ϶һ棬˶࣬ʶҲ˵ҵµϢҲһ˵԰ɣʤ֪ľɵǽ£ԽΪѭѭա
ʵǲ뿴ľԸʶȥˡ
ϣµʱӶ˶
ãȥ
󣬶ľɲӦ
ʤ˵öԣոǷҲˣϲ
ǡ
ϲԼӣҲӲϲ
ľһ͵͵Ц
֪Уû뵽ѾռôҪһλ˰
ҪûľɸҲʲôȥˡ
ʤпŶľͻȻЦݣ۽ǹһ˿벻
Цô£⻹粻Ц
Ȼľ߹һ˿ЦıȴôҲزס
ˣúϢһ°ɣ״̬ҵã׼ȥμӹᣬСԬҲһȥɣҪʲôµĻҲܰһ㣬ȥݱѾƲʤվת뿪˶ľɵķ䡣
ټķֻʣ¶ľһˣһ˵ӰԵЩį
ľָķλã۾
ƽͻ
Ѿжûˡ


581¹

ʤи߳ţһžͿľŵôһ飬ŸϣŶľߵһ˵ʲô
ľȻĸɿһȻǲղһֱ͵ʵôˣǸӦȥ𣿡
ϾһʮķˣʤҲ֪ľƢԣȵģľҲŴ˶ľһľոǸӣʤо֪ղ͵ˡ
Ժǵİ٣ֻľİģƽʱҲֵĲԣҪ̫
ʤȻҲҴľЦɻǸӣȥʱﻹžƣȾƵӣģǽˣӦȥμ˹ᡣ˵⣬˶٣ּҲ֪ȥĶҲ֪˵ôĺȥĻỹж٣
ľҲԵͳȥ΢һûµġ
ˣȲ˵ˣȥһѾȡʤ˵ţȥ

ڹеǰһϣľɴԬһȥz
ɻϣԬŶľɵͳģһ仰Ҳ˵̾˿
Ը䵭ĶľɣһҲڽ˸ͷɴ˿ɼνʧٵС
ԥԬǾҪúÿһԼϰ塣
ܲá
Ԭȴû˵ʲô¡
ľޱ鵭Ӧһ
ԬɫӣƺھЩ˵ȥ᲻ᱻľĿɱ
ţǽԭҪȰĻȥ߳ιĶҵ󿧣ܲԸǶཻһ£ԱڶľŵԴ
ľɶⲢûʲôȤҲû̫ı飬Ҳ֪ľȥûС
Ԭ˵Ũܵĳ޴ʶ
Сʱ󣬷ɻzĻ䡣
һ·ɻԬոʤǱ߷˸ϢȥݴžѾƽzľûκη̬
⻹֮ǰʤģҪѶľɿһ㣬¶ľʲôɵһ
뵽ʤί£ԬɾЩЦľǰˡ
zһǼƵеģ췽Ƶ궼
Ԭǰ棬뺯פǰһ֮󣬲ƣ˽ȥ
װζɣ᳡˶װ
ⳡᣬ˵˾Ǹ̽˴ĽˣʵûʲôȤζ
Щ֮ǰľźܼľɣҲűѡ
ľҲμ˰
ûж˼ֻҪ򵥵Ҹ⡣
ľüͷ΢΢Ƴһܣƫܶʲôġ
ԣɫ΢΢һͣƺûϵľɻش𣬵Ͼ̳ô꣬ʲôûľɲӣҲûϣϵЦݲδˣɣЦ˵ȹȥˣǱ߻кüڵȡ
ľ鲻ãȻǿóĪĵйɳ˸Ե뿪
ԬĲ̲ס︹̡
˧Ǻ˧ϵıͼ־͸ˡ
Ӧ
һһ𣡡

ʱ᳡ͻȻһ
ľ۽һбʺľ֭˳Ÿ߽űıԵĿǻɢĺƵ𣬵ȴǿģƳһǱȺΧסһСȦ²ǺܸߣԬǱ߷ʲô£
顣Ԭ
ԬմǱ߻ҲĲǺУΪ˸סˣ岻ȥΧۣ֪顣
飬ǹߵģһ˵Ļǿ϶¼ˣףҪûһĻǾһˡ
ĶһЩ̽ˣҪǴȥĻҵȦһЦ˰ɡ
ľɶ飬ûʲôȤ
Դӽʧ֮ٴҲܽĵĻˡ
ҪǽĻ飬һ˷ܵȥΧ۰ɡ
£ľǺƮһЦݡ
Ŷľһһ˸е㤵ЦݣԬסһ
ľɨΧ۵ȺеһССķ϶
һ㼫СĿռƳһϤĲ
͵һ£ǿŰõʼ
ƽ
ǰƽͻ
ľһصԼ


582ʶ

ֻǾеһƳľɱ϶Ǹ˾һֱŵˡ
ľɷĸ߽űȺдܹȥ
ܹȥʱϼ磬ԬûзӦǷ絽Ժδٿǰһ뻹վԼԱߵˣʱ֪ʲôʱѾȺС
ľܹȥȺԼǿд˽ȥ
¿ǰͻȻԼǰҵԲһʱ仹Щûת
˵ʵûҵôߵ飬ڴ֮ǰҵûйԽΪǺֵܰģҲĹϵͦˡ
ϣδ
ѹ֮ǰҵȥμʱ˵ȫ˵Ŀⶼ۽ϡ
̧ӣɨһΧԱߵˣ˵ʵԡǰĿ£̫ϲü΢ɲһ¡
ʱȴײһ˫۾˲֪ʱѾվȦӵĿ
¿ЩȴĪ˫ЩϤƺͼһЩƬغ
ô࣬һ۾Ҳ֣ûаַϡ
ʱҪôǰڵϵҵ
ڵѾмʮˣߵ˻ΪǺ߽ţһ塣
ţӦ
Ӧ
ΧЩ˻ǴʿĻ棬Ҳδ̫
ҵϥڵϣĿֻŽһˣƵɤ𣺡ӦҺȻʶʱ䲻⼸յģദĶϲԺһܺãܵһһ˺
֮ǰѾһʣ浽ҪӵʱЩȴŵ˵
Ӧ
ľɵ˼һƮɢŽ£ɤƴ
²֪ǲںԼ̧ľɣƫͷ
ľջûסߵߣһӣ§ԼĻ
ոϳ֮ûг̱סʱ뵽Ƥϲڴǰ§§ģҵǷ֮ŷ֣̲ˡ
ǼͻȻͳ˱ζʵİϤζðûð죬˼ŻһҪƿľɣΣ˵ǿѵĻᣬþȫľƿ˺ȼüλ
һ仰˵ʵý²ˬǺ֣ӵ²෴Ǹݵӵҵһ˲
ҡҡͷ߰뷨֮⡣
ľһ㺮⣬ټĺ΢һ£˻Ƶ
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Ŷľüʹ¾ٵͷӿһɸӵУ´ԴʣӦüǵ㣿
λʱڵϵҵҲˣõĿľɡ
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ĲǵˣľûҵһֻۣŽ¡
ҡҡͷֱԵǵá
Įİ˲佫ľǿŻĴ£ң˸顣
ĺ
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콭´Ӻȥ֮󣬵׷ʲô

һ˶ľɵ˼·
ľɿ£𴽽ЦЦȥ
Χ۵Ѿɵˣ¶Զľóһ
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ոһԵܲСʦϷ
鱻ľɴˣҵҲ޷ȥ˰ΧΧ۵ȺǲɢˣҵŲԶµӰЩӡ

ڹϼһ֮ԬԼϰͻȻˣμ֮󣬶ľɺû̻عǴԭ򣬲֪
ԬŶľڷæµӣɵи̾һ䰮ΰ
þòµĶľͻȻ˹˾飬Ȼ֮ǰжľڴ㣬ôҲһЩЩ鴦ܼ֣һкü˾ԶľŻģ˵ڵĶľǴҡҡ׹ĵزǳá
ľҪѶľŻָǼ׵£ǣΪ˽£ʲô¶Ըȥ
Ϊֵá
ֻаѹ˾ˣܷúõ׷¡


583һ

Ƶһŵԣ۾۾ĶĻ޳ָڼϣž
ľɾ˺ü죬һֱڴ˾顣
ʱһļ̌һ䡰
Ԭһ˽ŶľҪԵķˣԴմӹ֮󣬶ľɾǴ˼Ѫ㣬һͶǳԣҲöҪȻľɳö
ΪԼ˸еЩңҪľɹϵ飬ʳˡ
⵽Ǳķأ
̾̾ЩκԹԶûС
Ԭӷڲ輸ϣľƵ˵ڿƵɡ
ûߣһԵŶľɻ
ֿʮӣľɨԬһۣ𣿡
ľ´ŵļȿ顢˿
΢΢鴤һ£ǱȽġ
Ѳȥͼ嵭Ĳľɵ˵
ԬϹְҵԵ΢ЦߵһԸƵԱ绰źöľɵҪ֮󣬲߻ضľ˵ܲã˾鶼ദ𣿡
ľɵͷ΢΢𣺡ˣ˾תһжָˡ
õϢԬ̲סóǰȸԾһ£Եĸеˣ̫ˣ
֮ǰΪľɵǷϣ˾α±ߣãؼʱóʱ˹˾
Ԭ˵Ĳֹǹ˾תָˣӸ˵ǶľָֻǰǸ³ȣĶľɡ
˵ףûĻǽ¡
ֻǡ
ڽ¼ǲľˣڶľɿ˺˰ɡ
ôõˣȴ
һжҪõķȥ룬˵ֻǶݵʧѣһʱͻָˡ
మˣ۷ʲôֻҪﻥ໹жԷһλãһܹһ
ԬͻȻͻȻһʣzиܲãǶľŻμ𣿡
ξĳǡzеģ̽羫Ӣ϶μӣһ࣬ôͺӮóɹˡ
˵ξҲǳҪǾɹǾͿԻԴ
ľ۾΢޵Ĺ
ξôҪĹ˾μӰɣ
ԬտʼûľûͷûԵĻ︡⼸Ļ棬ͻȻ˶ľҪʲôЦˣһѶľǸشҵǸ˾Ҳμӡ
֮󣬶ľɾͰҵĵϸͷβ˸顣
ãұһĲľƮƮģǲûаεľ굱һ¡
ֻһڶѣҪԭҪȥһǸҵ
Ԭ˶ľɵĲ⣬ɨ۶ľɵɫΪ⼸æµȦкصɫϾƣ֮ɫȻһƬƣԬȴﶼŨŨЦ⣬ҲΪҵ˽µԭ
ͻһô£
Ĵһ飬ʱֻҪ뿪ԬͷӦһá
Ԭ뿪֮󣬷ֻʣ˶ľһˡ
һзûƽﴩװ࣬ʱһ䵭ֹ˵ʡ
ľɾɳϣݺװƷ˰衣
󣬼˴·ĿڴóһƬ
ƬŮɫ𪣬Ƥָۣһ·һָӡЦ绨ݣ޶ĿһԳ۾ķ·˸һһģģƲۡ
ľɿƬŨܵĳɫķɫӳµ衣
ָƬｭĦš

ܿͿʼˣŵĴ׷
ľʱҵ档
Ŀڿн㣬˴˶ջߣĿȵĶŶԷﶼŨŨĻҩζ
ҵȻǼǵöľɵģֳͻȻ飬˵¾ͻӦȻ˵ʶľɣҵֵֹܾģòϣǰ˸ΣոУһθܵпܻᱻ˸ߵζ
ѾԼͻȻ˸͵ˡ
ľɶҵ˺һ˴ϣЦܣþò
ҵҲ˳ǣͷþòľܶεľҲȤ
һܲԴҵͷԵ˶úץסĻᣬҲ⡣ľɶԼҪ¾


584¾Ǹ

ľ˵ҵĺڻ谵ĵƹ΢΢˸һ£ųһâ
վڶĶľɿһ
Ĭ˰룬ҵЦ˼һЩϣҺͶľ㶼кܴĹĳһﶼкǿռ
ϵľɶԽµĸԲһ㡣
ľüⶥ˶򦣬仰ƺ⣬ȴֺûС
Ըҵ̫˷ѿ࣬һʼҵĻΪľҪ˽ҵһˡ
ӸոǷľɿжϳҵºˣ˵ȤҲ׺ͣûҵ֮ǰҵӦðչ˵ͦõġ
쿪ʼˣܻɡľһҵ
ӣҵ뿪
ҵתŶľǵ޳ͦӰͫϼĨӵ

ܿ쿪ʼ˵һ˵£͸¶һЩ˴ξĿеһЩݣֳĴĿܸȤ
ôڿʼ꣬Ŀʼһ򡣡̨ϼ˵Ÿʡ
̨ѹѹľеӡ
ҳһʮ򡣡
ҳһʮ򡣡

ľɲδеӣǻأΧˡ
ĵԽԽ޵ڰŴһʼûеõһ¶Ӿˣ΢ҳ򡣡
䣬ȫѻƬȫһֲ˼Ŀ⿴Ŷľɡ
λ򣬻Ըߵļ۸𣿺ãһΡ
ҵͷһںĶľɣü΢壬׼Ҫӵʱеӣҳ߰򡣡
һαȸղҪ
ľüڵīͫȾϼ˿Ц⣬ֻأûپеˡ
˳ߵļ۸û˵Ļ߰һΡ߰ΣãɽξĿ߰ļ۸䵽ϼŵҵϣϲһ¡˵ڳ
ҵվת΢Цź΢΢һɨľϵʱĿͣסһֻʤߵ̬
Ȼľɲû֮е߳ŭ΢ЦĹƣģҪҵ֪ľʶµĻܻΪףԼ

ϼõĿ֮󣬾ͿʼæµҪæĶǲ߻ӪȵЩţΪ˾ܲõҵæ
ĿΪʦĽû̫Ĺϵ°ʱ䡣
ҵߵµİ칫ңǸ˼⼸칫˾ﶼȽæ⼸ҿܶû취ˣһʱҪԼؼˡ
ЦЦû˼˵û°ҹ˾ºæһͦеģһЩⲻȥء
ԣҵæӻ֣ģɱ룬ϼŵһԱֻεĿƲմ߶ѣΪ˾ҲҲϴģæƵʱҲû¸ɡ
ã֪ˡİҵĻ˽ȥ
ʵҵؼңһ㣬ΪҵڳСĿռ䣬ǻоЩֵֹģ˵ֹĸоӺζ
ǴҵĹϵڴﶼˡ
֮ǰ»þҵһͦõģǷ֮󣬽·Ŀʼˡ
ŮǳЦݣҵָ΢Ҫȥһգûȥ
ҵü΢óȻľٶǻŵɡ
䴽¶һŽ׵ݣ֮ǵøҴ绰ƽ
µͷӦ
°֮󣬽߳˾˾վԶֱ߹ȥ
һֱϼŵһ·ﱻһȺߵҲƶ
ľɿһֱŵڳˣϹ˹棬ȥ
˳һС·ߣ泵תͷһۣһ·ں棬üͷԼеһЩµĲҲӿһЩ
·˽ߣľɰѳ¡
ǵЩϤͣ½ŲͷŶľɲ˵
ľɿŴˣ֡
һЩɳƣԵʮֵͳ
ϵķƽ˾װģֻ֪ĵĲӿ
ϼֲ⣬ǵú˾ץסˡ
ֻΪʲô׷
㡭ǣ
ëᣬȴǧص׶ڶľ


585°

ľᳶǣʹ
һֱŵŮ˸ովȻ˭
Ȼ֪ʧˣ˵ĻʱĻʹһ£һѵһʹÿһںϢʹࡣ
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Щ١
߰ɣҴؼҺ𣿡ľɵǻˣŽ˵
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ǲʶأҪνľѾǸˡ˿˵
˵仰ǰߡ
ΪľǷ֮ͷ뿪ģû뵽ûеͷ뿪ųһֱԱߡ
ЩĪһѻ߷ߵһӿ˽µĲ
߿죬ٶҲżӿ졣
һһһƽе״̬
ûеǰŭԽԽͣŭɳһۣûܲˣܷȣ㵽׼ҵʲôʱ򣿡
ӵ۵ӣľɵ۾һ£ûбŭЦһ
Ȼ˵ûˣ»ǽ£ûб䡣
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ľǻЦ˵Ըһؼҵʱ򡣡
±ľϵЦŭˣ˵ĻҲԽ̱ЦʲôģѵûϵĲͷ𣿿㲻ǸӻǸϹӡ
ҪǱ˵ľɵĻͱľɵͬ䵶˺üˣңҲû˸ҶԶľ˵Ļ֮⡣
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ľɳŽ£˽⽭£Σʱ̣ϲ˱Ƶ˵Ľһ˵ӣټȥĻʵ䷴
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µȻĿŶľĿ뿪ˣһ鷳ľ˵Ӧøе˲ŶԣĪ˸ô£
ԼʵУ·𽥱һСڵ㳹ʧǰ֮һ˲תǰܣ¶ľɻͷ¸һ
ʵ֤ˣֱ˸վҲûڼľɵӰ
ص֮󣬽شԼĸ߸Ь£ŽѾ߽һͷ˴ϣɳһ͡
Ĵȥ֡
Ž׵컨壬һ˫ӱЩɢ°֮С·ϷǼ»Щ
ڵҵһ㣬һԼЩˣĺģ˸ᴹȥЩĵˡ
տʼֻ۾Լ۾Ϣһµģû뵽űţ˯ȥˡ
µһƬڰܶǺģκζһں֣˵
Ϥ
ô벻˭
ﱧסԼԼԶ䣬һҪ


586׷

ķһϸڴϲֵĴŹƺ˯ļ䲻ȡ
ͻȻϵͻȻ
»۾΢ͷ䶥һ¶һۻ谵ķ䣬ȷķ֮һ
ðһ㱡̾Ϣһجˡ
ƵѾǵһˡ
Ǵʲôʱʼأ
š֮ʼİɣ
һӶ﷢ĺСڰķȴԵͬװ
ձĶӣ°֮û͡
ûƣ谵ķĪĸܵһѹȸУ˯ͷЩεģԺİѵƸ򿪣һ±ó
׼ȥʲôԵʱһ绰ͻȻ˽ùֻҵĻ˸ţ֣֮Ǹҵ绰ƽˣҵղϢżĲ˰ɣ
æѵ绰ͨ
绰һͨͲʹһż
û°ɣûаȫң
˻ļֹģ²ɵһůǸ˼һҾ˯ˣողѹ
ֻϵʱ䣬˯һСʱˣҵ϶ҲŵһСʱ
ٻֻҳʮͨδ磬ҵһ˵ġ
ͷҵ仰ҲһԷǾͺãոմ绰㣬һΪʲô£׼ȥģҺ˵绰ȥ·ûзʲô£
Ǹ⣬ ´һ·ƽûµġ
ҪʲôһҪңҪԼһӲҵȵ͸Ͳ¶ڣһ̤ʵС
µͷӦá

һ磬ױһ֮󣬿׼ȥ˾һţȴиڵذϣǽڡ
ذϵƺʲô۾վŽ¹˹ϣЦ
Ǹ˯ѵԵʣʱƵȴԵõͳȻ
¼Ƕľɣüо£γһСС֣ԶľôΪԸе
ſڴһҹõʡ
ľǴ㵽ĵַģҲ֪ľɵ뿪֮ǲָˡ
ЩȻܺ棬ȥʡ
ΪԼһʶ˷ϻ̫ࡣ
ľЦŵͷ˵ʣҪȥ˾
ľɳſһҹ֮󣬽²һۣйİӿ
ĿȥҲ죬ֻһӵĹֱƽ޲ˣ°ŹϣƿľɣĮⲻ¡
ȵȡڽ²Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬶ľһץס
һֻ־Ϳ԰ˣкܴķ϶
ľüͷ
ˡ
ôˣľû׼˵仰ģϸʱǲ˳
ָϽµ󣬽¾˦֣˼ݺݵһۣλأҹԢҿɲϣڷ˵һصŮˣҲұ־롣
ŻһһĳƺʵԵú֣ľɰֲؿ㶵ʾԼ֮ʣڻһû𣿡
ֻһ˲¾ײ˫īͫ￴̫ิӵԼīͫĵӰ
ޱҡҡͷ˼ûûʲô˰ɣûµĻҾȥϰˡ
ľʶҪͽ£һ룬ʹ˳Ҳ϶ܾİɣ
һֱߣ΢
ľû˵ʲôˣһת뿪
һֻ¸߸Ь죬ûκζǽȴԼıȵҪ̳һ
ҧҧԼҪǵߡ
Ŀʵȵ¶֪߳Ԣȥġ
ߵ¥£²ųװǵĿ⣬ƬտգԴȻʵĿѹõҲ
õһ죡
䴽ͷ𵽶ȥǰߡ

°֮󣬽߳˾棬С·첻Ҫľˡ
ү뷨һ֮󣬽Ϥ
¿תͷȥٿϤ·ʱҧҧ̧ͷݺһͷա
ǣ²µͦ졣


587̬ȵת

һԲεƶ䣬ԶЦе۾һ̵촽
үڳЦô
սȭͷá
һǹģ
͸ľɿһֱգ񣬺޲Ҫϵƶһ
ƣ䵽°Ĳϡ
Ŀ䣬ƯԸеĺһ¡
ͻȻתߣ˶ľһۣתǰȥ
ľ䴽ϣѳһ㡣
ôܸĸӱأÿ½»һ˫׸ߵĸ߸ЬĽֻǱľɵĳ׷ϡ
ˣĽŶҪˣעһЬľһͷѡ
µûƴǰˣͣ˽ŲԲΪľɣˡ
˫ֲ΢΢Աٸ𣿡
촽һһϣɫ˳
Ҳ֪Ϊľģ̫ܵԵʣ΢΢ź졣
û˼㣬ȥȥԷľûԹԵĶԼ롣
ǸҲ֪ºԥľ;ܾ롣
˽¶ԼĿܣľü΢ֻ֮ͨԸѣôܰɣ
˭ˣҸ㣬Ҫˡ˵ּ꣬ǰߡ
ȡϴεľ飬ľθڽԱߣûˣǰĸߣҲû˵
͵͵һͻȻˡ
ⰲ̫죬Щ̫Ӧȭŵһ
ﰵһ䣬ҪҪô
ͻȻҲòˣҪľɰҲ
һһߵ˸վľûټȥĿŽȥ֮󣬲żų뿪
ڸϣͷڴϣոһ·Ϸ飬˫ڵīͫԺ֡
ͷոĶЩʲô߰İǺǸΪʲôԵ޹
ǲˡ
ջƮԶ˼

һ°֮󣬽ʶĿһ۹˾ſڣ֮ǰľ͵͵β¿϶ľһ⹫˾ÿ°࣬ɺż
ɨһȦȴûϤ·ʧ仮Уǲԣеˣ뵽ڰ˾ڣһССʧ䶼û
ߵС·ʱľð˳
ȥԷ𣿡ľ̽ͷʡ
ȥϣǾܾĻش
һ۶ľɵ飬Ͽһ㱻ܾԱı飬ûУЦһ¡
ЦݸЩĪʣЦʲôǹ˾
⻹ǽµһ˵̬ȸ˵һ˶һͣüͷ룬ո˵ʲô
ľЦԽȾԽλش⣺ЦЦҵĳȻǲһεĵطǿ
װصθڵģʵЩЦҲЦһ
˵߶Цٳٻز
ǽ²ߣѵңǺúÿ·ɣʱײʲôͷϡ

ľɰջأȴڽϡ
ոպ˵ˡ
ոնЦˡ
ԣǵĹϵǲǽһ㣿
ľɲ֮ŵ¡
Ͼĵ֪ģŵ˵ĻܾҲˡ
֮ļľɶܹ˵ˣҲİ̬ȵתһͨ
ãȥվ·ϣôһྵҲڶľɸʱҲûٿˡ
졣
ΪʲôһֱôҰҪ𣿻ǰʶ𣿡һ׳ü⡣
Զľȷʵһ˵ϤУȴֺİԼ㲻ľʲôϵ
ľҡҡͷЦû˵

ºͶľɻǰһţһͷҵһ֣һ¸첲ĿҲҪ˵Ҳþûˣϵʱ䣬°Źȥ˼ӡ
ҵαϵףԼĳС·ȥ
ԶԶģͿǰһһӰ
һһ˲ţҵ߽һ㣬΢ϳǰǵӰǽ¡
ҵüͷԱߵ˭ΪʲôҪһؼң
һҵӿ˳٣˽ºͶľɡ


588ʹʲôо

תȥϾ֮ǰôȥԷȻһ۾ϳҵĳ
ϲܵҵԱߣʣ㹤æ𣿡
ҵӳºһ˲һߣܲˬҪȴûʵʸ
Խ˵ֻͨѶѡ
ֻͨѵĻôʲôȨȥ˽أ
ҵ򴽣ǿһ´ϣߵľԱߣϳ˾մ黹ھˣͻȻоЩ
쾺ҵžЩԾ ˵ﲻ
ǿľʱЩԾһ̵õ˴𰸡
˵ľôĻᣬԭҪû°
ҵЦһƵҸ㣬Ҫٿҵġ
󼸸ּǱＷ ˵ҧгݵġ
ľ΢ЦĿκλӦ
ԼȨ֮ҵŽԼĳӶľԱʻ˹ȥ
ཻʱ򣬽ºͶľɶһֻۣһۣˡ
ҵһֱŴĽ£򴽣
²֪ʲôû
ֽһһؽˣ⶯˶תͷʵĿҵôˣ
ʱǺƣҵʾĿ䵽ϡ
ǸԺҪںκˣǸᱻ
ģҲںˡû˵꣬ͱ´ˡ
õ¿϶Ĵ𰸣ҵһѹõҲõЦ߰ɣȥԷȥþûԷˣҪץ׼ݺݵһ٣Ŀûɣ´β֪ʲôʱԷˡЦ˵

Ƶľɲûаѽҵľϣ˽»Լļ˺Ҫ֮⣬˵Ļ
˸绰Ԭڵ绰Ҹϼҵ
仰ԬȻ׵ģ׶ľΪʲôͻȻҪϼ֣ѵΪ£
ʹʣԬûʳӦãһᰲȥġ
ҵ˾ǱߣѾҪ̸׵ļʵӣĪľͱܾˣϼ˺ܴʧҵҲæĽͷöģûʱȥ⵽˭ġ
ԴӶľɸŽµ鱻ҵ֮󣬶ľɾͷֽ¶ֻ̬صǸӡ
ģҲĮ˵ˡ
öľǿűѾֺܿȥ

ϣڼ￴ӳĵӾ磬ӾŶθжۿʱ
¼Ҵҵĳֽһ۾ܵſȥ
µķʶܸߣһڼȥǴϵġˣûֱӿţèۿһۣϤ³˳ûаŴ򿪣ѻɳȥԼĵӾ
ȴͣŴ򿪾Ͱ尴Ϊֹ
һһŵķҲµӾˣ½ַھӱȻͶߵȥɲҪ鷳Эſˡ
ſڣľɱ˲ͷֻͷĮʲô𣿡
ľעȴȫڽ·Ȧϣüͷʣˣ
תתӣһϻûб顣
ԣΪһˡ
ڹ˦˿źۼ
ľɿݵϱ仰ŪЩЦãϼλݡ
ʲô£˵ĻҾ͹ˣɱˡֻصǸϡ
ľ򴽣һ鱦˶٣ں油䣺͸ҵ̫̫Ǻܺõʦơ
Һܰҵ̫̫кܶСƢҲеȡ֣ҲԸǻݵģҲкܶ಻ĵطƢЦҲĮҲ˿ÿߣҪЦѾˣ׼ʱȴ⡣ľɵ˵š
ע⵽ڶľ˵̫̫ʱ˫īͫ׹⣬ԣƬӰ⡣
Լʱ϶ɣ
ЩĽǲ֪Ϊľ˵̫̫ʱĺݺݵĳһ£ͻȻͣ
ɲ԰Ѷľ֮ǰЩôΪ׳ҪΪ̫̫Ƹ鱦
µĸˡ
ãҴӦ㡣±¸ȾˣҲûоܾɣԾʹӦ


589½

֪ҵϲľɣҲͶľɺ飬ûиҵ
ƣȻ˽ͻҪĵʲôƣÿͻĶε鱦ƣҲҪľɽн̸Ȼһ˽⡣
ʱ䣬ҵæµҲû̫ʱԼҲǸպáҪȻ»õģԼͶľɳȥ棬ҵ᲻᲻ˡ
ҵԼôã²ģ¶š
̫߸ߵţȴôҴۣտƯżƣֻʱɹ
΢磬ºͶľԼ˿ȵ꣬پģ˵һ˵鱦Ƶľˡ
ľµ˿ȵֶ꣬ľѾˣһߵλãȴԼæ˹ȥЦŸľɴк
ҿȵ겼òţλ֮䶼ֲԼˬֱ˿̸š
С㡣ľҲЦš
ôֱӽ־ͺáľ˵ţЩɬ¸Ͳǵٴμ棬Ȼ裬ͷ·İһ㡣
˲죬ֹϵľҲҲ֮Ҫȥе̫ܣ½»
ȻľѾеҪӵн£޿κΣǿȽ£ϣܹĵġҲһֻܴӳ顣
ãҾͲˡҲ־ͺáЦĺǲáǹȥǰ㣬׵ıɶ˵Ŀ⡣
ľֹסǵĹȥ޲ھ͸߽Щ飬Լ̫ͻŵ
áľԼ飬΢Цŵ˵ͷϿκε
Ƕ֮䣬Ҳֻڽȥ˱ϵĿ׶ѣ˵裬ҲǺһɣľпɬ
ľʵǲֳƺƺͺǴӲʶòֿףûһζ
˸Ե˿ȣ̸鱦Ƶˡ
Ҫһءʵľɡ
Ҳֻ֪ϣܹõġľɶ˶٣˵
̫̫Ӧúమɡ²֪ΪΣľͻȻЩᡣ
ľ̫̫ʱ۾ľˣᣬһر̫̫
ԼΪʲôɬأֵĺܣľɣӦδıŶԣΪʲôĸо
ǰľЦᡣ
Һ̫̫ܺãһܶ顣̫̫֣ϲȥ棬ҾȥֳľᶼҪˡ
Һ̫̫һ԰μӱӮ֮õºʯľ˵ţ̧ϵĺʯ⡣
Ǹá»ûʲôֻЩĽĽ֮࣬ͷЩɬ
Ҳ֪Լôˣ˵ҵǼõģǺܿҪˣһҸġ
ǰˣڸԼ̫̫ʱлĹâ̲סЩܡ
ǻһȥܶطȥy֣߱ĴСľֽ˵šʱ·ĵЦݣʱԼĸ첲䵭
ľɺͽ֮Ļ䣬ʵ̫̫࣬Ҫ˵켸ҹ˵ꡣȥͽһʱܶϸڣڶǻǵҲů
ֻڣƺҪڱˣ飬ľǾԲģһҪ취Ŭý»ָ䡣
ľһ˵ţһעŽµ飬ϣܹЩʲôֻǽȻЩ٣ȴȫûκļ
ľɱûֻ̫̫ǽ̫̫壬˵ͽ֮ǰ顣
¶ǵôӳ飬ô仰һʱģ벻Ҳ
Щˣһ˵һҶ鱦ƵĴ뷨ɡľ˻⡣
Щ飬Ƕľɹ˵ģֱ˵ЩϾγΪ鱦Ƶ飬˵ЩҲЩ֡
áЦŵ˵ͷ
˽˹鱦飬мľֻǼżԼ̫̫·ǲһ㡣
ȻЩƺеϤȴҲûر⣬ϾľҲֻǲʱἰˡ
鱦Ƶˣľɴµ˵Լ뷨ţʱԼĹ롣
˽̸ĺǺг̸


590Ũ䳬

ľ뽭¾̸ãѾ˽˶ľҪĶ
˸𣬽»ص˼Уʼơ
ԴʼǺ棬һ飬ȥӣԾĸͻ𸴡
ڼԼƣҵͻȻջ˼ҡ
ҵæڹûʲôʱ䣬ǲģʱҲûһ¡
֮ǰǸľɣҵǷĲһֱɽºͶľɴһżææĻ
ҵŽӣȻһȥȴֽǰڻЩʲô
ҵǰȥ˽Ų̧ͷЩϲЦˡ
ҵһֱرæûʱԼҲЩȣû뵽ͻȻˡ
ǰһ㡣ҵֻҪ²ǺͶľһûʲôɵĵġ
Ǹľɲ֪ģòǮҪģǶԽһƬ顣ˣҵǿҵΣС
ϴϣ±ѾӦԼkǸľͻȻ֣һеļƻƺҲͻȻЩԥ
ҲҵʵǺܵģżææҪǸľɣԼæûʱ齭µʱ򣬹
ưҵϣһЩŵɢҵͼ
ҵĳ׵ԼˣҪͽ½ˣǸľɣӦǹʲôвġ
һֱȰƣ¶ҵ֪ģҲ֧֡
µƲܣȷǲȻϲĵȥСƷ棬ҵκεĸ棬ˣᾡֽ֧¡
ǰҲеû¶Ц
µȻ˵ԼǺͶľ˺ҵġ
ԼȷʵеúܣЩ£ͻȻƣҲ֣ҵӦǲỳɵġ
ɣҾ㡣ҵᡣ
ҵԽһֱϸԽ΢ĹģҲǸжĺܡ
»֮ǰľ˵̫̫ʱɬҲûʲô˦ͷЩ޹ؽҪˡ
ԼͿҪˣҪΪ˵̫̫ˣҵôİԼһҸҵôᣬ²ɵ뵽Ժ
ţáµ˵ͷȻּԼơ
ҵ΢һŽģĶ㡣
˾ĵģĽƣҵһĬĬĿţպܰ
ʱãӴǡôڽµĲϣӳ˫۲ӲԣҵƲۡ
ҵȻæҪһᣬúõ㽭¡ҪˣԼȴæĲӰʲôӡ
֮ǰҵŵģѺܶ๤һˣҲŵϾʱ⡣
ǲȻһȥ䳬аɣЩҪõĶҵŽ£ͻȻ˳
ͿҪˣҵæúܣҲûʲôʱ齭¡ںòʱ䣬һ䳬УƺǸѡ
ðµ˵ͷӦⶼӦõģǾҪˣܶرƷû׼
ҪõĶܶ࣬ⳡҵӣϣû
Ұɡԥһ£˵
ͷƻûɣҲĲʹľûдҲһֱš
ҽҲ֪ΪʲôʹҪˣƺûرϲá
һ뵽ľɣµͲ֪ΪΣӿ𼸷ԼĸԼᣬ֪Լôˡ
ѽ̫ƴˡҵĹ½̵ͦıǼ⡣
ͷĹȷ°ɣҲһǹ˳Уö˵ҵȰŽ¡
һЩѣһûʲôġרעʱȷʵǺˣҵҲϲģҵҲǵĽµģԼŪôæɱۻ塣
ҵԼĹ˾£Ҫô͡ҲЩۡ
ðɺðɡֲҵǵͷӦˡ
͸ϢˣԼ̫ˡҵЩ۽¡
֪֪ͷģرƤɰ
˳ţһȥ˳СҵŹﳵѡŶʱʱҵ
ϲǡϲӡԲ桭Ӱ˵ĶǽҪõġټƽҲҪһЩƷ˹Źţܿ칺ﳵҪˡ
ºҵ˵ЦĹţպǺгֱۣҪɷˡ


591½С㣬Ը

ҵŽеĲͬ˵ЦѡŽʱƷǰԥĲ֪ѡĸ
ҵҾÿֻһĸÿԥãûд𰸣ǽһһչʾҵǰҵ
ҾÿɡԽɰԥģҵôýʧأµؽ빺ﳵ
ҵľٶý¸еһ㶣ĵ׵ľ̫ãӶ˫Ҫܾ
һͺˣ̫ǮˡµĻһҵһᣬ漴ȴЦȻµͷضŽ¿
ɵϣ׬ǮΪδӰǮʲôҵ¸ոǸСģ΢΢ҵĻһ룬ô˼ͷȻЦ˶ӶЦ
ҵͽӶЦӰӳ˶ľɵͫУʹôľֻԶ˵ЦĶԻһöľɸеۣ֪ΪʲôľȻеЩʹࡣһĻĻ棬ڶľɵԺһһεػطţĵ׵ظеѹ
ۼҸЦݣľ֪ҵͽѾŨĸˣοѾ׼ˣڶľҪؽ£¶ڶľһرѵ¡
˽˺뿪ˣ˻ûн飬Բûסһ𣬽ԼĹԢҵΨͽµңҵѰͲý´ؼУȵһ졣
ؼҵ·ϣľһֱβˣҵѽͻصУҲ뿪ˣľɿ°ȫصңȴûеһʱ뿪ڼʻλϣһصŽ뿪ķ
ҵͽûסһǶľɸеѹ֮Ψһĵ£Ƕľȷ֪ʲôˣ˳綼סһ
ľɽִڴԣеЩӣþõضŽµķӣ۾գ£ﲼ˺Ѫ˿
ڵȽ³еҪܷľڽ·Ƭ̣ɻûеȵ³ɫҲˣľɱ϶Ӧòˡ
Žϣ漴뿪˽µķӡ
Ȼûܼ£ľֻøݷá
ڶһ磬ľɷϢѯʽǷڼңû뵽»ҽ콭ڼϢöľɺǸˣĴһ󣬱ֱ¼;УľɻȥһЩԵĸ¡
ˡľɼҴҵذ壬ѾȲҪˡڵĽҲû뵽ľôżŹϴš
ӳ뽭ģǶľ˫ŴСĶ¶ʱһ㶣ûʣľɱƹͷֱ뷿ˣͷ˵
ʲô̫ˡûȽ˵꣬ľѽеĶڷϣлظ
ֻһ㶫ѣû١ľɿеһ㣬һ㣬
Ĳȣһ𾪵ֻһ㶫ӽӵͣ϶ľ򵽵ˡ
ʱ仹ͦģҾӦûûͣ·Ͼ͵꣬صظЩ㿴ϲ𡣡ľعġ
ϲϲ¹ػشǰȣ˲ʱе޴룬Զľɵ飬е㲻ڣǾԼӦ
ϽȳԣȻһ˾Ͳóˡվһľɱߴ
ǽ±¿ʼĿͣûȵ³꣬ľӴͳζһʳ¼򵥳ŷ֡ûȽѯʣľɾԼ͵
ЩԵΪ˸лЩоƵĸ°ɡľɵýͣҲû˼ԴεĽˡ
ˣҪһһȥɣû˼Ҫл㡣ľɼ
ˣҵĹʶҲֻԵֶѣЩˣȥɲˡľɵʢ룬˵˦־ܾ
û˼ϵĸл㣬ô˵Ҳ̫̫ˣôġľɼ²Ӧ׳ɡ
ľɵĻľһҲӵˣӦòôģ롣
ãҴӦ㡣Լļƻóѣľϲŭ鲻Խ


592ֳȤ

ڶľ¼й磬ֻǼϴһǻǴžӼҷԼ泯ӣ±öľڿеԼطһ
²㴩ö໨֦չֻƽһţпͶ䣬Ҳöľڿȶã򵥻˸ױ󣬽±
ľ춯̧ͷһȴֽѾŽһ磬ľסֱֱضŽ¡
ţпǺƽĴ䣬ڽȻͬʣʲô·ϵӣԴϵĸβ֮䱸
ȵĿýЩӦ㽿ߵԼѯʵ
ҵʲô𡣡
ǡµľŻι񣬲ŷԼѾŽ¿áľվԡ
߰ɡľʾýһͬ뿪ڽ¾ľʱľɲ˵
ľɶ仰󣬾;ֱ뿪ȥˡֻ·ԵȺ򣬶ȷһ仰ϵĶһͣվ𽥸ֳһĨ죬ºĳˡ
ϳ󣬶ľǲһ㣬¶һĨЦ漴ʧ
Ҫȥﰡ¶ڴ˴γее档ɶľȴԽص˵
ȵ֪ˡ
ͣӳ뽭е˶԰û뵽ľɴ԰
԰Ҳ̫ϲʩԭ¶γ滹Щڴɵ˺ʱʧȥȤ²ϲʩΪһЩĿʹʧ̬ŮӶǷǳʧġ
ΪŮӶϲ棬Ǳľɼ²̫ԸӣԼԴݳһ⣬ʵӡ
¼ľƺ̫˽Ůϲȥʲôط棬һȵӣǲģЦ˵
ˣǾɡǿشӦšľҲƱһ߽԰
˼ĿԻǷŲ԰Χ൱ĺãΧǻЦмżŽһͬ裬أ𽥴飬Ҳû٣ͷſ棬Ŷľȥһ㴭
ɽĿʱ¸ˣɽӼʮ׵ĸ߶һӻȴ˿㺦£ĵļУľɶɵۣȴֿϤӰ
ü̼Ŀ󣬶ľѾƣˣɽȴȣжƣͣǱץŶľȥݣľɼ˿ģҲԸţûоܾƾ´ȥĸĿ㡣
û߽ݣӹʹһɭ磬ԼһЩ˹˲Ĵ˸
ľͣſڣŽ£±ֱӽȥȴľֱͦͦվſڣת˻
ľɣ˵ģǺ˰ɣûӣΪľɶԹݸе£ԶľɽһЦ
ôܻẦ££ȷҪŮӿǻܺµŶľǵĽºϡŹֵ⣬ѯǷҪ档
ҽ¾û¹棬˭˭ľɵĻýΪľƲƫҪ֤ҲǸ첻µزµˡ
һۺ󣬱˵һݡ
ǰĹöһģڽ¸ʲôŤͷľ˵
һС⣬ܰôе˵ľֻ΢΢һЦ
Խߣڵ¶ԽԽͣ˸е䣬ʱĹҲֻһĵˣһЩ컨һЩðټԵ޹ðİۣýʲô壬ýû˵ʱǰһԴȫѪĽʬ
¼ţѰ˵ӰӣЩ˶ľɵ壬±ץŶľֱ۲ſľһЦһֱۣƬ̺˳
ԸղŵĳŴˣɫȴװʲôûзһĿȥľɵҲûнҴ
»ŸղžһĻĻɽǹݣеʶȴôҲ벻Ǹɴ಻ˡľԵظо¶ķ;رˣ⵹ҲáŮϵЦݣľҲЦ
԰󣬶ľɴŽȥһŽ˻ȥ


593ѡɴ

½ݺ󣬲͸ϡؿ谵ķӱƹ󣬶ľ뿪
صеĽºƣѣ糿浽ڣҲԼ˵԰棬˵ȴԼڶľҲ⡣
¿˿ԼֻȻҵûиκϢЩæɣ롣
һƣ͵Ľֻ˯ִٵϴ󣬱ֱĴϣ˫۷ſյ컨壬쾭һĻĻܾЩ﷢ôҲ벻
ϡؼǵЩϤĳҲĳ˴һȥģȴôҲǲǸߴӰ˭±۾ҪǸ˵ӣȴͽͣԴһʹԽҪ壬ԴͻԽۡ
±Դʹʹֱ˫ۣ¸ɴҲˡһƣͣýƣûþ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬˯һĽ£ԸоԼľָˣ˸ȴֻĻҵ֡
ι¸˯ѣǴһЩԡ
ûгɣпղһȥɴɡ绰ͷҵΪԼ˽£㱧Ǹ˵
ûûУСҵĻ¸Ͻ͡
ҵһ㡣»Ӧ漴Ҷ˵绰ȥϴˡΪҪȥԻɴҪ··ǽ±㴩һΪɵз
Ƚ¥ȴѿҵڳԣЦصŽ¡
˼Ⱥܾ˰ɡһ˼ҵǸҵظŽµͷʾԼû
ϳҵӺͳһ¸е⣬ȴĵصȴҵ򿪣ҵ͵
ûԶѣҸͣȵģϽ԰ɡҵģ¸ее㲻˼лȴҵܾ
Ƚ³ͺҵҲ˻ɴꡣǰĻɴɷͬһ㣬ĻɴǶʦƵģҵڹҲһģ϶˼Ҳĵط
ҵǣŽ߽ɴ߽꣬ڣý¸ֻܵи߹ǷĿĻɴӳÿһʮֻ϶Ǿ̾ı顣
һλʷǷŮӭͣ˵ǰҽܵ
ܺãԾǽСɡС㣬ãҵľԽС졣С컺֣ҲֻӦš
ҵôҲˣҲôʣ̾ѡ
С죬ȥüǵÿĻɴҵҲûпȻѾСʶˣС󣬱Ըȥ˼ɴ
ֻӻ𽥴СһŵĻɴý´һҵȴƽ治ɫ˵
Ӱ£㿴ϲһϲһһԴ
ѡ˼ԼΪˮĻɴ󣬱¼һһϡɻǽ毺ãټҲ۽´һڽ¶ǼΪÿģҵԷ··ӣǱ޵ˡ
ҵ߽µԣϸϸţܴĸǶȿ¶ΪÿرСҲǱ𾪵ˣô꣬ûмõģɴûһɴֱΪ죬˳ֳȴʷǷҲû뵽ԼϻɴôÿҲǺܾϲ
ÿҵĿ佱Сһ죬¶˺ߵı顣ҵȴʮֵĿġ
˼׻ɴҵͽ¶⣬ɽʵǲ֪ѡһΪϾÿһڽ¶Զǡô
ԥʱҵȴԸС͵͵һףǡñ˿ɴϵӣٶҪλ¸æ
ҵҪ˰ɣʵ⼸ɴҲǺϲҪȥ꿴ɡ˵գ㽫ɴС졣
Ѿ˾Ͳˣ˵ǰɣС졣ҵȻ֪ʲôȴһᶼܾСҲӦҵĻ
ǰС㣬ǵһǮͲˡСЦݻش
Ƚ¼ҵּ˵
𡣡Լûã¸ɴҲ漴һЦҵʾԼܿġ
ġϵЦȷǷԷθЦǽϡظоԼҵһûкͶľһģҲ֪Լôˣ֪ΪʲôԺжǶľɵЦݡ
ҡҡͷĵǸ뷨Ͼվŵģδɷܺ˼롣


594Zӭ

ҵûɴ󣬴ŽȥԷˡ
ڳеһߣľڷǰĵͻȻյһļľɴһ˽̽æļ¼
ļ򿪣ӳеǶľϤӰľɽƵĿһ飬ɵƵŮϻɴ󣬶ľȴͣ
ŮŻĻɴҸȴִ㽿ߵı飬ԵһǰŮǰŮͷŮԵķ
һĻ꣬ľܲζȻоһ·Լһ⣬ǿҲʧҲҲˡ
ľɵԺһĻĻĳľļǵãڽʧ֮ǰʹӦ飬ŮʱҲһҸЦݣ漴ӯŶľôϷſľɾʱӦŮҪȥɴɻûȶľʵֳŵŮȴˡ
һľɾԽѹԺǽµӣۼȴΪ˴˻ɴľʹָԼģƺڸǿĴڣɼˮʪ˳
һ̶ĵ绰öľɴӱ˵˳ƽյ˵绰
ӣǱ߻𡣡绰ͷǶľɵĸʤУǵǵʵ
裬ģҺܺãѾҵˡľǿű˵زʤз֣ʤеҲûзֶӵĲԾ
ʲôҵˣ𡣡ʤľɵĽǼ͸绰ľҲ׶ľ
ܺãֻʧˣѾǵǰκˡʤмĻҲöľԼ
ʧˣô£¿ôźãľɡʤлдصǡ
ģ裬һᴦõģһὫǵĶϱġľɼ򵥽󣬱ҴҵعҶϵ绰ʵľԼĶҲûжٰգֻܾȥ
绰ҶϺ󣬶ľɱϣ컨Ժ˼ȥ
ڶľɺͽദʱ̫ˣƾڣǲý»ǰļģοﲢǽǰĵطܴ̼κ飬Ҫһʱ䣬ý»ǰ飬Ψһİ취ֻýȥȥĵط
ȥĵطǾǻعľ˼Ƭ̺˽취ֻлصxصǰĵطصǰûĵطý»κ顣
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ľ»󣬼ĹܼſڵȺš
ү˺үѾڼҵˡľɵͷʾؼҡ
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ϣʤƬ̶ûͣһֱѯԼϱϢԼʲôľĵһһ͵ǶľĬԵسŷʤͣ󣬶ľʡ
뵽ʲô취ǰ𡣡ľһʣĸӶһ㶣ͣϵĶŶľ
֣ѾˣֻҪȥǰȥĵط˵ͻǰ顣ľ˵ûȶľ׷ʣľֲ䡣
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ḻ̌ĴϣͳֻͨѶ¼ҵԼҪҵֺ󲦴˹ȥ
æ绰󣬶ľűۣԼһᡣļƻҵȦһѾٰᣬ˳㽫ҵҵǲĽһˣ϶Ὣԣ¾ͻع
齻󣬶ľų˯ˣЩΪý»ָ䣬ĴÿŽ£Щûô˯þ
һҹƵǱͣľɺԼһͬӭӱͣϤӰ߽ȻҵŽһˡ
þòľصصĺͽ´һкֻб˴üҪӦʱľȴ뿪ýе㲻֪롣
һܹ󣬶ľɱ˴ǰ¥ϵķ䣬ľɰ䷿䣬һ£һǸҵ
ֻһ۵طԱľԣ˵
ϰ壬סȥˡԭԱǶľɵߡ
㱨ֻľɵһĨЦݣȴʧӰ٣ļƻҪʼˡ


595ҵת

ҵͽ½Լźú󣬲Ի󣬱Я˴ʱȽϲִ٣ڽûô۲ҾƵꡣ
˽󣬽ŷҾƵͬһ㣬ɼǧˣռʮֵĴ󡣴ԽɫΪɫǽ϶صװΣýºǸе档
ϷǴΪҫ۵ĵطһ˶ޱȵˮƣССװζǼ۸񲻷ƵʯƹҫЩʯôۡ
ҵٰľƵҲ˵ĸߵšܣΧŵˣЩҲûȽ»عֻҵϵ˹ҵкİӰɻʵ
ҵþò֪λСǡĿͶҵʵ
þòûҽܰɣλҵδ޽£ں󣬾ҵˡҵ˵Żͬʱִڽµϡ
һ׷ҵͶĿ⣬Ҳ˵в˳ҵ˹ϾҵͻȻ飬˵⡣
ҵԼĹƴʮָմˮôҲû˵ļСйӴһȴ˸Ů飬һԼδޡ
ЩǸܵȵĿ⣬¸еЩߣʶҪϵ֣ԽǼĵִҵԽſԽԽʾȨ
ҵ˵Цģϲ㣬ҵԼˡһλҵƽýϺõ˵
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ҵպҲ˵绰˹һߡ
˾Ǳе£ҪϻȥһˡҵŽ£ʵûʲô飬ֻǶľɵİŶѡľԼµװҵ˾˲˵绰
ڻȥ𡣡һǵʵȴֻҵһص˵ͷ֪ÿҵ¶ı飬һǷǳҪ¡
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̫ϧˣϵҪǽСأҲһȥ𡣡ѹĵʵ
ȻǺһȥˣܰһŮɡҵ˵ʱĿͶ£˫ǰ⡣
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ҵҪ䣬ȴˡ
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ʵ²ȥԭΪʶ˼ԼȽϲʦ˽һЩ֪ƣԼ鱦дİ
һʵڲУ´ٴһˡԽµҵǲģϾһز죬ҵ½»¡
ģһչ˺ԼġɼȻˣҲλᣬҵõġ
ҵδǻúչ˵ģͲõˡѼƻóѣĵҵŵͬʱҵļ磬ҵġ
Ǻðɣæ깤㣬һΪ㰲ż±ġҵǲĵ˵
ǿҪСڣֱնҪôᡣҵҰȥɡ˵
㵽ɡ˵һԺΣϾĹ
ҵطʰ󣬱ֱȥ˻
ڵǻ֮ǰҵһֱڽ¶߲ͣеýºΡֲСˣ
˺ˣ֪ˣһչ˺Լģʲô¾͵һʱ绰𡣡³ҵ˵
ҵҲ˵ˣֻ׽µĶͷȻкǻˣ¼ҵϷɻ뿪


596ãǶľɵĸĸ

ɣ˵𣿿ȥʤмŶľɵֱۡ
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ʲôæڶľҪæ飬ʤҲȵˣӡ˵ľɽæˣһҪûȴΪ£ǰæʤʵеȡ
ʧҲ֪zһЩҪļ䣬ǶûЧһֱ벻ǰ
ʧ飬ľz͸ʤ˵ˡ
ȥƵһԭǰĳѽµļ䡣ľü°ףа⡣
ãû⡣ľʤдӦ
ļ˵ûУʤʡ
ľҡҡͷûУڻûлָ䣬ʧϢָܼ֮ٸ˵
ʤ룬ҲеͷҲáϾ¸ĸһ䣬ʧ˵һСĴµʱѪģҪ⡣

ȥͱٴװˣװоģɱΪŵ˼ңҪԼúͰһ㣬˲Ų£ŻԸ׽Ҫһӡ֪𣿡ʤľԼ׺͵İ취˵¹óһɫë³һɫĳ㣬һȻƽʱͰ˼֡
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׼֮סǼҾƵꡣ
ҾƵҲǶľµģʤкͶľֱ¥
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֮ǰʤѾһϵе׼ҪԼڼµʱҪֵôˣҲ̲ס
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ͷվŵλˣӦһԷ򸾣һλûʲô飬һλȴѾۡ
̣ʲô𣿡²еԵɣֻǿʤк۾Щÿ˿һλԼĸײ˿ޣӦö۵İɣҲûССϡ
ʤʧ̬վһԵĶľ§ԽµͷԼ⣺ãǶľɵĸĸ
ľɵ֣»Ȼ򣬽ľȷʵĸĸûֻû˵ʲôʱղһʱûзӦ
ԭ尢̰վˣȽɡ°ȥ
֮꣬¸˵һˮ׼ȥһˮ
ʤпæǰæӣЩӣ֮Ѿȶˣָֻº͵̬ȣæˣȹŰɡ
°һˮ꣬ˮ˵ǰ尢̳ˮɣر𣡡
֮궼֮
ҲһμľɵĸĸԵЩִ٣֪˵Щʲô
ʱʤп˿ڣûоϤ˵ţľ֣˵ͷһЩ
ͷ˵ӣüϴһ˿ϲá
ʤмΪ˵ʲôûüеģͱºǾ仰ˡ
Ҿöλͦзġ˵
Ȼľ˵ĸоЩ׵ģʤеӽȻͬüĿ֮䶼Ƶĵط
žദ֮֮вŻԽԽɡ
ƫˣʤпʲôûӣ̾һһʧ䡣
һԵĶľʤеʧУչͷ˲ü˵ż
ҧĻ棬²ɵпһǶ
˼ֱǣƮɢڷĴš
ǰԲôнǵһ˾ͺáʤеģ
ЦЦͷãʵҿλʱҲúиС
仰²ûпףǷ˵ģոſڼʤкͶľʱоͻȻӿĪһϤУָоûкŨҡ
ԣʤкͶľһۣЦˡ
һף˵Ļᡣ


597㻹ǵ

ʤ룬ʵȥʡ羰Ư
ϴξͻȻεˣָ¼ʤжµӡͦġ
ʡʱüͷԺһ£ûиʡصļ䣬ҡҡͷʵҲ֪ȥûȥпȥʵǰļ䶼Ѿûˡ
˵ʱ۵¶һССʧ
ҲŬҪȴԼȱļһζҲһ
ʤпĽ£ҲЩۣߣĺףοû¶Щܻġ
ʤ˵һЩǰ¸ľһ飬ǽ¶ʾ
״ʤЩ۵˿
۽֮⣬Щ۶ľɣòװİŮһģû뵽ȴʧˣҲ֪ʱܰѼһ
ҲǰɵĿˣҲ߹Ҫúչ㣬ҿʱ仹磬һ˴̫ˣ벻ȥľɵĹ˾һʤ顣
ϣڿľŵʱܹһʲôϾǰ˺ܳһʱİ࣬˵ܻһ䡣
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վڹ˾ſڣŶľĸָ߸ߵſм䣬Եʮɡ
һĭֱɸ𾪵
߰ɣǽȥʤǵסµֱۡ
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򴽣ͻȻôԵϸЩӦ㡣
ǰ̨ʶΪʲôûһӡأ
ŬһԴֿʼʹʹסͷͷʤмϡ
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ҡҡԴ˵û£Դʹ˵ûС
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ľɵͷʾ˽ˣڽߣʶҪͷѾȥһ룬Ȼ뵽ʲô˻ȥ
һԵʤпľ⸱ӣ̾һ
ϵı黺һ£ľɲųʣõ𣿡
ллöˣëˣõġ´ɳ˳ǣչЦա
۾ĶԿó´ʱЦжôǿ
ľǿʹ
ܵˣʱȴİһ㡣
еҲֻжľɲᡣ
ͷϵʹɢ࣬´ɳĴһ칫ңҲ֪칫˭Ƶģװεĺܵ칫Ҿֻɫڣף䵭ķ
ڿ칫ңľСʣʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷЦûУֻǾƷͦġҪȵĻ϶úˬİɣ
Źע칫ҵƷȻûע⵽ľϵʧ䡣
ʤм״ߵľߣżܻġ
ܹо¶Զľе㲻һġ
Žڹ˾ιһɽҲʲôû
Ȼúʧ䣬Ҳָ֪鼱ãҪ
ʤиľ֮󣬼ɫҲˣ˳ʱˣһؼҳ԰ɣ
ľ΢Ŀⶨڽϣ֪ģǲǻš
ҡʣеһĴ
öûʻˣ벻ҵĸоʲôˣʹĴӦ


598İ

˶ľ֮󣬽ɳϣԵЩִٲСĹ۲ܡ
︻ûʵװʱžöľɵļͥһ㡣
ͻȻľ˵̫̫ӶľЩԿ̫̫ĺۣ֪ΪΣӿһ˵壬ĸо
¿Ŷľ˵ˣܹ̫̫𣿡
ԣľɫһ١
⸱飬ΪԸ⣬Ҳǣ˼ôӣôǱܼģҪ˵ʱȴľ˵
ãڹȻŻ
µͷ
һľ˵Ҫȥϸ
ľûȥϲǻصԼķľ˸绰
绰һܿͱͨ
ιôˣͲﴫľ
ɩˣʧˣҸ˵ҵ̫̫Ҫ㣬һ»ؼ֮Ҫľɵ
绰ͷĶľľ֮󣬷˼ľһ
ľЩöľˣǳҲ벻ݣŮ˽ӴΪľãų⡣
ȻؼҲҪôզզУȥ̳һȽŵȹӴϡľ뵽ľϴķ۵ȹӣüͷ΢ɲһ¡
֪²̫ϲЩ̫޵ɫɫҲڡ
ƺ˶ľɻľ˱죬˵ˣ֪ˡ
Ƶ룬˰æȥһѵҪ󣬻Ÿ
ЩľҲֻѣʮӣҲҰʵ뷨ֳ
뵽£ľЩпЩڴѾܾûмˣʧٵǶľǷϵı־ܿƵĴһ顣
˵ľƽʱҲĮǶʱھǶľ꿴ʱˣκα鶼ûУĿ¡
£ľҡҡͷ
ˡľɵĽ»ɣѸ֮ͽ绰ˡ
ľѾϰ˶ľ׵ľͰѵ绰˵Ϊ

ڶľ˶ʮӣżľǸ˵еġ̫̫
ľǸŶľһģ֣϶۵Цݡ
һ߽µ߾ͱ˹ȥ
пŮľϴŲõЦݣķɫСɵıӣһӣС죬˫鶯۾㼯Űϣʮֺʡ
¸оϾԴ⻷һŲۡ
ôɰŮĸ˻᲻أ
ֻĿôôʹأ
ҧҧ´ԶľͷЦá
ľʱºܼһԼĽɫҪһɩӣľõĵ뷨һƣʾ˵
ʹüͷЩõĿŶľɡ
ľȴĿЦոǸʵʩе˲һ
ľһϵ΢ЦԼҪҪԼţͻ裬΢ЦĿŽ˵á

һԷ
¿һԵĲˣЩ֣ûȥΪһжɺϡ
¶Щ˱ʾӣľ䴽ǡ
ʧȥ˼ϲȴԶ䡣
ϲ£ҲԲ䡣
һͷ꣬Ҳûļ󣬳˽֮⣬˶úʧ䣬ȴֳܱý²
ҴһľҰ ʤµ֣Ҫһ
¾ι۱˷ӵΪЩ̫ãԥⲻ̫ðɣ
˽µǣʤļ򣬿οȻ˷Ҳ˵ǰ㵱һ˿ˣȻһˣǾͱôнˣ˵ˣˣιѵֹɣ
ʤ˵Լļµӿһɿɬĸо
ЩʧļһӵһңҲҪʤеļˡ
ûƺãۿЩ죬۾ӣ̧ͷۿЦͬˡ

㿴⻨棬ϿĺúõģһϾͰԼʵʵģǱߣǸǧ˺þˣǾ泤ģǲû뵽Сʱǧ϶˶¶ӣʵ˭ϸ塭ʤ˵˺öڶľСʱ¡
ԱţЦ
ͬʱĶľŴ˺üǷ
ڱ˵


599°

ʤаѶľҹһ֮ʤסͣʵû뵽һЩʲô
¶Ŀǰ۾˫ڴ̫ˣһʱûӦ죬ҡҡͷûСЩɥ
ҲһɻΪʲôһһͼȥϣǰ£ѵǰʶ
⽭ ûʳڡ
ϵֱü˼˵̣˼ˣҵȻؾƵꡣ
ôˣҪȻϢһɡʤоýʱúܿ죬ò뽭´˺̵ܶʱ䣬Щᡣ
룬Ǿף䴽¶һŽ׵ݣ̣´ɡ
¼Ҫߣʤ˽⽭£˵ʮͷţ̾һͷðɣôڣһ˻ؾƵҲȫҽаһɡ
뵽ľɵ̫̫⣬ؾƵ겻̫ã¸ҪܾͼʤѾȥҶľȥˡ
æȥ
 ɫˣؾƵȥɡ
ľɿһ۽£ͷӦ
ľô׾ʹӦĿ΢ţһվŵĶľ꣬æڰ֣ǸҾԼԻȥģľڼú̫̫ɡ
ͻȻᵽĶľһĻľ궼ʱ趨Ƕľɵ̫̫ˣľɿľ򴽣Цû£ôˣСȥҲȷʵȫðһɡ
ľƽʱ纰ˣʱ̫Ӧľôǵĳƺ۵׻һ˲飬ܿȥ
üֵĿһԷ򸾣ȥȷʵͦ ܾ˵ľֹвûֳһԶ޵ӡ
ҡҡͷȥЩԼ޹ص飬ҲǺߣǰֳ
̾һҲգֻһ·ѣľӣҲôСӡ
ٲӦĻǻԵ顣ͬ˶ľؾƵȥ

ȥ·ϣŶľΪ˻һ³εķΧһ׽滺Ĵ֡
Ӻᣬ˾ú
֪еߵζΪһ콭¶ûкúϢͱ۾˯˹ȥ
ڼʻλϵĶľɿŮɵ˯գͦı۴΢΢ţպÿһ°õĸо˫һ˫ѵ׷˼ᡣ
ϵҲٻɫĵƹӳ˼֡
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Ҫһ㣬ٶҲᵽյ㣬ǻᵽĿĵء
ھƵſͣ£ǸӦһ۾
΢ҵͷ䶥һ¶İͷһ룬һſڣ˸Ƿŷ۽ǣô˯ȥ˰
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ľ䴽ϣû¶磬Ļھͻط˯һ¡
˯ʵ۾֪ǲǴȻ˫ѵ￴Σݣ
һ飬ԼգԼҪЩеûġ
ЦЦллʱ䲻ˣҲȥɡ
ľɵ˵ͷµӰʧԼǰ֮󣬲ŷ뿪
ص֮Ȼⲻ˱ССİһ
磬ɩӻȥʱûڳϷʲô°ľľͶȥһ
ԣһԵʤЦƽʱЦĶľҲǡ
ľɵƳһǰԶľ꣬ĶЩ
ľ곯ͷƽѾϰ˶ľɶĶˣԴʱôҲûģֻղŰ̫̫;Щֵ
ĳҸղŵĿ˵仰ʱľ°͸ֵ⡣
㣬Ǹл񡣡ľɴǮóһźڿݸľ꣬л֮󣬾ͷҲص뿪ˣҲʵĻᡣ
ľ꿴ŵŻŹĺڿüм£յĶ˶ţʤ㿴ҰôæȻֻһźڿƲҵ𣿡
ʤӵ۵Ķľ꣬ЦЦˣҲ,ܸһźڿͲˣſʲôʲôɡ
˵͸ľֻ˷䡣
¶ľһټķ˼
óһۣʧˡ


600

һ磬ľɱ㿪ųȥһҽԺҵѯңš
һȵŮ
ľߵҽǰֱ룬ֱ⣺ʧ˸ôָ䣿
ҽ˵ĳһĳһ̼Բϸһ̼ܵǰЩܾͻˡ
̼ľɰŰɵʡ
ȥ·ϣľü
ʲô̼£ûļأ
ҽ˵ˣһ˻ĳһ
˼һ֮Ժֳ︡һ˵Ӱӡ
Ǹˣľ۽ǹϼ˿ᳰҲ֪Ǹڹĺòá
ֱסľƵ꣬˸绰
Ƭ̹󣬽´ӾƵҴææ˳ܵľɳǰ˫ֲʣڵ绰˵Ҫȥһˣȥ˭
ľɰѳʾ⽭ϳ
¿һۣǹԹԵϳ
ϳľҲû𰸣ޱص˵һ䡰ʱ֪ˡ
´һźĸŶľһ
վ̨ϣŵЩƾɵ֡

һڿˮתͷԱߵˣ˵ҪȥǸڼ
ľɵͷһǰߡ
´æȥ
̽ңĪǱԤѹŽġ
һƬ԰ףﻹǰŨױĨǹ
ѹŽʱﻹ߶߶ģûܹ˵ʲô
ǽȥ֮һˣ˷״̬üͷĿ޺޵ĿˣôˣŶ֪ˣЦĶ԰ɣ֪Ǻܿģ⸱ģǸˣһȥģʱҳȥ˵Ļһģͱù
ԣľɽü΢üļ޼һЩ
ܹĪڼѾܴ󷢴ȱˡ
±ʧ䣬ǵΪĪĪüȨͨ˼һ߲㣬˳ȥŵ½췢һС
º󣬰ĪųȥǸ߲ȻǱľɸˣĪʧȥĪӷɣ˾ûϰ壬Ҳҳһ࣬ľ֮ˡ
ǣһбǶԽµ˺ԶԶ
ľɵͻȻ
ĪǱľɵŵˣļ͵һ£ûпƺã浹ȥҲŵ˵ϡ
Īֻŵ˽Լϥǣ˵Ļ
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ǸͬӰŮˣüʵҸʶ
ľü˫壬ʱȴ˼¶۾ʵ㲻ǵˣ
ұҪǵ𣿡Ҳѻ˹ȥ
仰ľЦһǵzһθĳҲԼ˵Ļ
ʶˡľɴ˴Ũܵĳ޽۵׵ʧ
Ըýӵĵط̫ãĪ͸һҲȫûӡҲûȥıҪˣŽ뿪

ϣƵ
»صƵŴ⡣
ҹɫڵõͳҹһŨīµĻҲںصƲ档
˼⼸췢顣
ľɣľһңǸ̫̫˺Ϥĸоһϸ룬ԴֲܿƵʹ
´˴ԴͻȻһԼĵԡ
Լȥ浯һЩϢ
ϸЩֿһ顣
£Ůľϯʦ
ϹϢǺܶ࣬ʮ֣¸еЩ˼顣
ʤдȥľŲιۣǰ̨ʦ˵֮ǰ﹤
ȴһ䶼ûС
ľǶľɼģ˿ľһʶģ
üǣо˼ԽԽˣϸЩת
ʱһ绰˼·
ֻҵֳĻϣ绰Ľ¶Щۣ۾ͨ绰
ιôˣ
ҵµЩƣĵ𣿡
ƽ»˵Լû£ȷǺֹۣۣԴҲۣЩԺɢȥʵûоҵ˵̫Ļ͵͵Ӧһ
˯㻹𣿡֮ͨ绰
ҵûʲô£ֻ绰¶ѣʱۣ˵˾䡰ú˯˯Ϣһ¡Ͱѵ绰ˡ
֮ͨҵֻ΢ýĽЩֵֹġ


601ҵ

ϼոչҵͽµĵ绰ӭļЩҵ˺þãĳѾЩɢˣ˿㲲Ϊŵ飬ûŽ»ٻЩġ
ܾʲôط֣˵ĻһʱҲ˵ʲô
ܣʣҪĶεĿ⣬ˣ޷ء
һҵ˵˿Ȼûҵڣʲô飬ɳеΡ
ЩεĿ˿µЩЩӦþûʲôˡ ֮࣬ȼһ֧̿ǰһУУǲϣһ
ҴЩȥxʣµ飬ʮ𼱶Ҫһ
˫üǰʹжô鶼ȲϽеλáϨе̣æ˹״̬
ҪȥȻʲôû˵
ֱĸСʱ֮ڻң
쳣ᶨ˵ţ½Щߣܼȥˡ
ǣܣ
Сʱ.ƲϿգҵʱʱĿһԼ첲ϵֱڶôϣʱܹٿһ㣡
ɫɻոأҵӱ޵ȥƵĳӣµ˵ӣӦûǼҾƵ
ҹƵĵƹۣxӢ۵ĵطһסȥġҵε˽ȥҪϵݵʱ򿴼һӰ

˸߲ҵĽкһǱߵĽ֮æתͷֻҵŻе֡ľһ߿ţɫȻı䣬ôôͻģ
һ𣬸ոնľ΢ЦĻȫȻʧ˼ֱĺµġ
ôôˣȥæûġ
ϸϸ˵ţֻӵöľɾ۵ףЩĽûҵӦæת˻⡣
ҸһܣȥɽպҵˣǿһȥС
˸ҵӺĴӦƵġĺϲ磬ϾҵһС
ҵһţһŶľЩܣΪһ˵ֱܸоľɲ򵥡
ǴӦòãȥҲкô
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Ҫôණ𣿡
ŵ˵ţҵʰЩ֪Ūġôණһ¶á
ȥ˽µͷһС֪ԷһҪǵȻ·ʲôΣգôӦԡ
Ȼˣһʲô飬һҪأ
ĸСʱ.ͬʱִҵ˽ģһ
߰ɡ
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ǵһ°ɣô죿
ҵʵڱĵŪˣѵ֪ԼδԴף
ùˣûϵһҪ̸ʲô飬һߣ̫ˡ
ľɸԶԶĿţԭһļƻҵͻȻˡ֮䣬ֻԶԶĿţɶûС
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ºҵһֱߣ.ɫȻãʵܲˡ
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ǰƲ㣬Ⱥɽַſյĸо۾ҵһһ롣
ˣҵû˵ҪסڰɽϣҴûйЩڴ
˷ܵ˵ŻϻŵСҸȻһµĻʲôЩ
ڴϲĻǻعҰ㽨һ
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һСʱ.յޣҪ̱ˣҵ۲ѵİЬѾͷƵʱܰʱ䶼СƵġ
𶯣Ұͺˣһ㡣
ҵһ㶼Ķһ߰ţЩߣܱôţҪСˡ


602һ

޵שߵĸо滹Ȫҹ·˼ɾһ
սŵľźͭнȥ֮ʽƺÿһĶ˲º£ֱһܡ
ſڴһڣĸоѾܾûйˣӵȻȻ˿ˣ
߰ȥԷ
ҵСĴ¥ȥ̲ס͵Ц˾ҪʲôԼֲһСӣҪɣ
ûϵҿԼôңһһûԱô졣
ԭҵЦ⣬֮ͻȻܲڽµߵģСѾͷˤˣڿ»ˡ
ģһֱ㣬Ϲػߣ
⻰˵ý˲䲻˼ҵͻѰġڲϣֻ˼ڶЩǲȤľɫˡ
ҵȥһ£ſһºòá
ҵЩţҹ᲻᲻ȫֱӷ˽һ᲻ĵġ
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ԱߵҵͻȻżˣСʱˣܲСʱɣһʱ䣬Ժг˺ܶ໭棬šľһߣɫѿȻֽ²ߡ
ôˣôôԾ
ľɺҵüͷѾ֪Ǻˡ
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ȥҷͷң
մ׵ĶľɼҪˣĴԷת뵽ȥһеطط֮ǰͣڻŽ֮ǰϲȥĵطʱ˻ᱻԼٿء
˳ȥҹ¶ܴ󣬶ľһ·ŻĿԾǱߡ
ƽҪʮӵ·̣ʮ˹ȥʯͷ߶һӰӣƺһЩ΢Ĺ䡣
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£ůһҾʹȥӽɽûʲôֵĶֻҪ¾ˣ㿴Ա߲ǻ㡣
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ǣͣĻͷź棬ոյЩֹܾѾǲˡ
һֱؿʲôѵ᲻Ǹطɣ
ľ͵ЦţԴôѹͲʺԼһ˳ЩεĿһۡ
ǣܾúϤ
ɫ̱ˣôôһ㣬Ϊʲôܶһ£뵱״ڲ鲻࣬Ž߳ȥġ˸ոջȥԺｹƲѵҵ֮·𿴼ϣһ㡣
㻹𣿡
ҵæѵֻ첲±ץۡЩţָ̫оˣոܵ˾ţӡ
ľһ߿ߣһѽִӽµ첲ƿˣϹ𣿿Ѿˣ
ۣ
ŭҵܲʲôָֻ֮š˵һ𣬷·гһ㣬ֳýվһ߶ÿֲ
¸ɴԼ˻ȥҵʵʲôô˳ȥˣƫƫöľɸˣ.̫˰ɣ
ȥס˶ľɵ죬˿úܽҵûףߣĪһЩɵ֮ǰ˵ĻĶľɶԷˣ


603²ò

ҵȻЩģȻߵĽľɷſȥ˯ˣֻҪƽ£͡
һҹȥҵȲȥҽ£һŻˣҲԼԼһֱߣ״Ͳᷢˡ
ˡ
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´ŵ״̬¶Цҵ˲٣ֻҪģʲôⶼý
߰ɣ׼˷ɽ
ҵѾȲˣѸٵó˷ȥһ·˵Цģ飬֮Ժˡ
Ȼ֮䣬ߵɽϣͷ󺹵Ľ¿ԱϢվ̨Ȳ˹ȥһ·ôԶһϢĵطˡ
ˣ
ҵ¹ɵĵ˵ͷֹˣھ֫ƵģȻ̫û˶ھ͸ϻƵġ
Ȼˡ˪ƵҲ̫˰ɣŹȻֻܵĿĵصһ˲䡣
Ա߶ľɺܰһߺˮѾˣܰѽ¸㶪һξͿ϶еڶΡ
תƺ´½Ƶģﲢһ򵥵վ̨˳¥ȥһС͵ʳƵģԵģмƷ˼ѾЩȥˡ
˿ںţʵû취ֻܸں棬ڵİȫȽҪһ㶼ŶԷ
Ǳ߿ú棬պȥЩԵġ
¿᲻ʲôȤһ߽кţ˽ϵȥߡ
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½תǱߣһޣôĶ䣬ι״ģôܸأ
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ֻѪָ˳ҵǣϵǺġľɸ߹ȥǱקż
ȵȣھߣ㻹û˵ʲô˼
˵ţöľһ㶼η壬ԼҪģʲôһҪŬȡ
ʲô˼ô˵ĻǺˡ
ľƦЦһ£ԱߵҵֻԼúõĶǴδʹºòãֻһǲˡ
ǱߵĽƼվ棬ԣ˭Ըһ
һξ㣬鷳뽭Զһ㣡Ҫˣҵδޣ
ҵ⣬޲ڽǰ˴ɽȥƾʲôǶľʵʲѵδޣ
δޣ
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ŭţƾʲôһʲôӵĵȥɱʵ֮࣬ѵѹ
ôҪǰｭ»ָ䣬鶼ҪֻҪе鶼ˣôôԸ
ҵӦûףĻԼʤͻСС
Լأ
ҵ͵ͫ׷Ŵ˵ֻ˵һ㣬İ취
Σ뷨һӶܻӦһͽ½ġҵһһ˵쳣ᶨ飬ò


604·ռ

һǻͬյˣΪ˲Ӱˣ˲Բŷſ˶Է
¿˹һϲЦţЩĺϲǸոյǸӣ׼ؼԿء
ˣλɫˣ׼ɽܴ˵ţ⼸˵ӿ򵥣ȥأңҵʿû˲֪Ƕľɵδޣҵһ˵ˣڵӣֻ˰ˡ
ɽ֮󣬶ľɷҪһܸ¶Ӵһ¡ܵĳϣľɸʹ˸ɫˡ
ܣĳˣֻˣ
ҵһͷӣ뿪˵û˵ķݶûܾͿˡ
һЦȥһֱͣڽµϣҵڲⲻص㣬ֻŽ˲̤ʵء
һ·ţҵһֱ˵˵ͣǴҶй龭ˣǶľɶԽôϤԸȻ˽⡣
㰲һҲС
ľɺݺݵĵһۣû˵ô໰˶ԸҪ˵˵˵ģ̫ˡ
ֻҪһͺ޲.ȥô磬ʵڲģһ
ʾ֭һɣ԰ԷͲպã֮ǰرϲǼҵ꣬ڻء
ϳԻô֪һҵ꣬һϲ
˸߲ҵ˵ţЩѾʼˣҪǶľ˵벻ǺþöûԻˡ
ððûûؾƵˣٻȥ
ֹסЦݣΪҵ޻˵ľɸҶ˹ȥô˶Ҫȥûʲô˵ˡ
ͣµʱǰĻ꣬ЩȲҵһֻȥЩܸߵĵطһٷûǺܶ
ҵЩ̫⣬Ž²³
ȷԳԷôˣôϡ
˿ҵķӦЦǴԽû͹ˣôôãҪǰ˵绰ҲҪŶأ

ľɳŽ½кţܲôˣҵȥôԲ֪ˣ
˽ȥ¿ҵӣЩΣʵûа취ֻԼȥ˽ȥҪըˣԭͦõģǶɥҵƻˡ
ˣҪģ͵һ
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һ߳ţʱʱ͵͵Ŀһ۶ľɣʶô죬ô֪Լϲʲô飬ֲ˼ѯʡ
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Сʱ.Ľڵϣͷʵ̫ˣþöûгԵ˿ˡ
ôóԱǾͻȥˡ
ľСѯţЩ˼ո̫ˣעԼĳ࣬Ҳ̫ˣһֱͣĵͷ
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͵Žµȥһߡ
ſۡ²̫вע⣬۵ĲҪ޳ˡ
ҵֻ۾Ž£ԼŮˣһӶǣϾҪˣΪʲôҪüȥ
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µֻüëšһҵţ⻹ʼʶǸҵ
Ϊʲôô˵ңҸ֮ʲôûУ򵥵Ĺϵ㿴𣿡
ߣ򵥵ĹϵҲϹӡ
±ʹҪ޳ˣƾʲôԼȻ޿Ϊˣ˽ӴɶûС
ҵһֱſ۾ŵ̲סΪʲôҪ
Ҹ㣬ҾͰֻܼһˣǸʱĹ־ͺá
ݣûһ˿һýģôĻҲ˵ĳֱɥĲôǿռýºֱð亹
ЩµˣǷˣԼúõġ
ԣҴӦˡ


605¿Ķ

Ĵϣҵϸ˵ЩʼЩİҵһֱһº̸ֹͣж͸һţϵǸǽȻͬˡ
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606¾˺

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û뵽һű㿴뿿ǽϵĶľɡ
һɫװϺܺʣһŷ绪˵ԵЩ䵭ˡ
ɵи̾һ⻹ߵ¼Ӱ
գԼڲǻյʱѸ΢΢°ͿǸ߳һͷ䵭ô
㻹ûиңΪʲôҪҡ
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ҵĻ˵Ƽˣʲô¶ĳ֪ҵҪôǽ²ϣЩǣľϡ
仰ļΣľɾЩè壬ͻȻԸ¡
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Ŷľ˫īͫͻȻܵѹ
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ҵҲҪӴҵδ򣬶Ҳ̫̫ҾҪ־룬Ҳᣡһԭ򶼶˳
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գȴľĵǽϣˡ
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˵꣬ɿҵ죬˦뿪
ʧȥ֧ţҵʧȥľżһ˵ϣոձľɴĵطһƬʹ
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ҵվǿ֧ߵɳ£򿪵ԣľɺͽµ֡
ϹڶľɺͽµϢǷǳģһ˵ѾˣҵžһѵԸϡ
겻ѡ


607¼ųش

ľɣһΪΪ۵ġ
ҵʮֱָ߬͹ɼ
绰һȥ
СڶľͨһˣλԽԽáҵ˵
ָΪСϸϸһ
СҵķԸ̫֮Ѩ͵һСʵܣľǸʲô𣿶͵ľҪļҪǱֵĻҪ˾򡣡
һڿˮ֮˿Ρ
ľŲһС˾Ҫļû͵ɣץסĻЩĻ˸ĴۿɲС
ҵͷϣʱСӵĻһôһС¶ãһʲôɲ˵Ļ͸ʰ
ͷСȻҵеı壬֪ڲǹͷײҧҧӦ

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ľüǣԬ˵Щ֪
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֮ԬǵĿʼûһֵĶľɣɫĿ¡
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Ϊǰ췢£ҵһЩңԷʱҲĲɵġ
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˫ӣǵ˵ͷȥȥɣ㲻ĻҲûҪЩһֱϡ
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ҵʵһ㶣϶ʵʵ˵˵ʲô
Ǳ߶Ѿˣ㲻ҪٸĴˣϽְɡȰ˵
ҵЦһһ䡰ֽͽ绰Ҷˡ
һߣļй¶Զľ˺ܴӰ죬ľҲһֱڴ飬⼸Ҳȥҽ¡
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608Ὺʼ

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ǰİţľϸϸӵģ˼ȥӺԼûκιϵصװöľɾӺԼӴκιϵ
һΣҵҪҳĻָʹˣҵҪ˭ô󵨵ĵӣҶҶľɵƤľɰ롣
Ժ˼һ󣬶ľҲʱչ˵һεѯʣֻӣ˫лһ˿˿⣬Ӹеһӱֳ侲شԼԼ˫֣Լĺǻš
㣬˭µģľʥ˫ֱ磬ֱֱǰӣҪĿ
ûκ˰£ѪԶľɵ׷ʣʼҧסأƾľô׷ѰԾɲɿڡ
ӲɿڣľɵǳĬһ漴ЦһӼľûм׷ʣЦǲ⣬ľûȥӵҲ˿ȴֻľɺȻߵǰӵϣֱӡ
ŶȷѪĳָʹҪע˵κһ仰ŶȻҿɲұ֤Ķӻᾭʲôľ˵ʱֻԱߵһ´ԣĻµһСкڲ˯ţԶǶľ¡ƼԼĶӱľɼţŵصŶľɡ
ҪʲôҪҶӣҶûκιϵӼسľɴ󺰵ľȴֻЦЦԣִĻϣƵ˵
ԣҾ˭ָʹġľɵҲĨǣֱʵ
ӸƽԼͷĬһԭľΪӿΪǮԼĶӣȴû뵽ӵ
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ƵſӭŸλܼľɵӰسľȥһкľȥľɱǲμᣬ϶ҵͽ¶μӣǱӦˡ
ڣ˲൫Ҳ٣ҵ֪ʿľһѰȴڲԶҵͽµӰȻ汻ľɲˡ
ɲɵǣܸľɺҵ˰ŵĶһҵеǲҵýľκεĽӴΪܵİţҵȻ˵Щʲôֻҵͽµм䣬ýľɸľȻҵĿģȴֻǲɸҵ´к
Щǽܵ˶ľɵĿ⣬ȴΣҵضľɣñ˿ǽ´ƣˣԵȴºǿգһ󣬻Ǿľɴ˸кº󣬽Եز˵ŭΨεΧ˽̸š
ľɼԼĿĵóѣ˫͸¶Ц⣬鲻ԽǵسҵҵǽǰһĻУȴµ˫ѽճȭͷ
󣬽ǸеЩƣȥϢһᣬҵ㽭һͬȥȴܾʾԼһ˿ԻȥҵҲûм
ߺ󣬶ľɺҵŽõŭֳˣֻܸܵŨŨĻҩζҵ˵
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609һ

Ķľɺҵţµĳ˴ˣ㲻ңҲ㣬ӲҪذѶԷȥһԵҲϡŵеĻҩζ
صĽ¸еƣڴϣնŰ׻컨壬˼ȴѾƮ˾⡣
ʱʱ̶̿ڹ۲ҵϢǰʱľŵĹƱͻȻҲǶľڲϱйŵһ¼ķɶľڲ൱ãԵ޹ʾͻᷢ˽˸档
֮ǰҵв²ľйĽӴǲʲôȻҵЩϵҵľӴ࣬Ĳ顣
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뿪ź󣬱ƼһĨϤӰոڶľߵ£¼ˣȻԣ£תľɣһľھƵ궥¥档齻󣬽±طˡ
ʱ˻ڽţʱ¾ֱسľڶľɵĶԣϸϸؽеԭ©Ĵľɣľ⣬Ҳ֮е顣
ֻľֻվ𣬳Ÿλһкȥ֮ǰҵζЦЦ漴뿪ҵԶľɵЦݺǲ⣬ȴû̫ࡣ
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ҵģҲ֪µԭʲô֪ĲԣǸϣ±תŶľɾ˸90Ĺ
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610͵͵ռ֤

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˵꣬ϧ̾һ񶨸ҵϣϵκһ顣
ҵ꣬Ĭ˼ûаѽ˵ЩԼ룬Ļش𣺡ÿ˶˵ǵΪǴģûһȥΪʲôΪʲô֪ǴģƫҪѡҲÿ˶Լһ԰ɡ
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611һ޵ľ

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612оѳ

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ķҲû۾ֱ˵
šǰɡһˣҲǶľɣϻһţ̣˿˿ðæӴһҵͷôˣΪŵʤУҲûй˼ô࣬˭֪ȻǶľɡ
Ůб֪ģ˴һʵЩΣϣ˵㹻
ľ߽ţ̵ݸ£˵Ϻȱţ˯ߡ
סǻЩϰߣʤе˵˵Щ
ţ̶Ѿ͵ˣȻǲ˼ܾԴ󷽷òԵ˵лл
ţľҲûҪ뿪ļ󣬱ϾңҲø뿪ⷿεĽţЩ΢


614ϯع

˾Ĭ˺һ²ŷӦľڻһֱվţȴڴϣⳡôôù졣
ԱŲŲԶľ˵վˣ°ɡ
Ȼľţ̻뿪ǿ϶еҪ˵
ľɺܻԣһۣ˵ȥľϰɣǸǰһľŵϯʦ
ԣŤͷŵգգ۾ոûɣľɾȻҪȥľŵϯʦ
𣿡Сʡ
֮ǰȥҵ˾ϰǼ£¶ߺ¶ﶼһЩӰʱϼŵ˶ڱ˵ǿߺŽģû˵
ľɹ˹ʲôʵģϯʦλһֱΪţܹʤλã˶С
Դӽʧ֮󣬶ľһֱûˡ
λֻΪ
¶΢ĪЩô£
һ۷䣬濪ŵůпյѹôȡ
ˡ
áͷЩƵġ
ľɿһۣ𣬸һȥ˾
£
ͷȻ̧𣬿ɸոջͬһŴϵϵ˵ʲô̧ͷһ˲ֻŷеһĨӰ
ֻʣһˣµͷŵǱţ µģ̧֣ӣ۽һбţ˳ſǻθҲ˼ů⡣
Щһɫë£ִһɫ²ŸŶľɳš
ǸˣֲԸԼԲཱུģһҽڵ˵ǵһνľţһӡ
Ҳǳǻ³ǻЩ䣬һ³ֱϮϣ̹ǵķϣЩۡ
һ³ţͻһ飬ֱֲܽ˾øڶľ
ľڽ֮³ֱߵߣΪסǺ硣
˲ڹ˾ʱ˾Ѿкܶ½½ĽˣʱˣоȵģĽģ¶ĶС

ϣľɺĿɨһĸλվ˵칫˾һλʦǶʶġ
ſڣɫ΢һ٣һ۶ľ˫ڶӣеĲһɢ
䴽ֱͦ˱°΢̧߽ҡ
Һãǽ£ڹ˾ﵣεʦԺϣԺʹҹͬŬ͹˾һвĵطҲһۡ򵥸˵һ΢΢Ҿһ
ҵڿʱ΢΢һӦ󣬻һƬ
ﲻģЩԽԽ𾢡
˿Щ˺ͦϲġ
ͣ
ľһ֣˲ûﰲ
ɢᡣ
ˣֻǽһˣӵĻ顣
Ǻ뿪˻ң˶߹ˣֻʣ¶ľɺͽˡ
ߣȥİ칫ҡľɰϵļʰãԽ˵
˴˺üţߵµİ칫ҡ
Žȥ򵥸ɾĲ֣ǽϲģµһ
ǰİ칫ңûʲôľʱڡ
칫תתЩʧҡҡͷ
ľɼҡͷҲûֳʧӣЦЦû£Ǿ룬Ժеʱ䡣
ԺʲôεķԼߣ뿪
һ
¹Ǿ͵Ҫúùľžеһ֡
óֽźͱʳٳδ±ʡ
⼸շ»ͦģҲþûƹˣҲ֪ûС
Ժﹹ˼һ£±ʡ
ÿһ±ʣỺʼֽϷġ~~
δʵش˽мʴڽͷϣµͷ⣬ġ
һʱܿ͹ȥˣ·±ʣһʹвӣһֻϵʱ䡣
°ˡ
ڿȥԷˡ
ԵĲ࣬Ͷ
·ɿǰʰһ飬ߡ
ţ˼ͬ¡
ʦá
ʦҲҪȥԷ𣿲һɡ
ͬĸ´к
һȥԷϾϤµһȥԷεûģԼȥϸԵɾܾǡ
ЦЦ뿪ûзֱ仰Ǽ١
ߵȹսǴͿľɰ뿿ǽϣ˫ֱֱĴڵϡ
¿ʱںڵͫһв
˳˫ƣǶľʣô⣿


615ٻһ

㣬ȥԷľֱԡ
Խ¶,ľɸղЩͬµ岻һҲܾɣʹӦһȥԷ
ľɴǰͽǼҲԷ˵Ķǻɱ
 ¿һϵĲˡ
峴ź˿㣬Ź
һɫģԵġ
ӣвˣľһûһ졣
оЩ˵ζͦϤġųŽͻȻͱĳһ仰
һ仰˲öľɰѿӷ£һŵĿʲôˣ
ţڴŶīֳͫ
ģĽһﻹûµ˿ȥ
ڸʲôͻȻ̾һ䣬ôͻȻôš
Цûа͵ֻǾĲ˺ܺóԡ
ľɵͷӣЩȥֻǼв˵ʱ˵һ䡰úóԣ´λ
Сװײ˵ĻᣬȻǻúðգңҲһҲ󣬶ľΪһҹ˾ܲãԼٷڻǽҲûʲôѹʹӦ

ܲãͽСʹȥˣڿһǲ㣬㲻ż𣿡Ԭ˵
ľƺǹ˹ֺûУϵı鼫żʲôãܲǿɣ
̫ǿӲİ취»ѽŵϾĵôСġ
Ԭ˶ľϵı죬ŷӦոձειһĹĬĬϴܲ㲻ȥѯҽʲôõĽ飿
˵ˣ̼
Ԭ
˵̼ǵϴҽĳ˺ˣǻԭĳһ¼ĳ
ϴδȥĪĪڱٷľأ޷ｭ»䣬ڵȥԭ̼ˡ
ڽʲô¶ӡأ
ľһ˫īͫۿתת
ۿڡ
¾ڸۿʧٵģһӡġ
ҸæҸ˰ѽ´δۿڣʱҪԴһĲӾ˰ɱ̫һЩ˴ǰ󺺵ӣȻȥľ
Ԭ³ľҪԭۿڷ£ȱ˵£ڵǵһģ챻Ǽ󺺴ĿɲᣬǼŶװ Ϊѡ
ʱĻ棬̲ס˸ͷӦ
°֮󣬽߳˾ͷһ۹˾ſڣЩ֣ƽ°ľɶһߣ쵹һ˴򳵻ؼˡ
ϰ˻ؼҵ;飬ͻȻ˸ˣµЩӦˡ
򿪵εδ򳵣һĳվ·߿ʼ
һɫγ
ԼԾôôӰ˵ĳ
ãˣҪܿ
ǴʱֲԾѾˣɫγѾǰŴ򿪣һһֻѽק˽ȥ

µĽкڸסˣźܿϡ
ͻȻֳ롣
קδΧ˵͸еһʹ˹ȥ
ѹʱ ·һҴϣƯںϣ
ŵĿΧ߸󺺣Ŀʵ׶һ֪ǲǵˡ
²֪ôǵȺˡ
λΪʲôҪңҪǮ̽Եʡ
㿴ҿ㣬۵С۵ģ춼û˵һ֡
֮ǰȥǾͱ˶ԲܶԽһһһͷ˿С
¼ǲ˵ȥסĻţڻȷ⼸˰ʲôҪǮĿģЩ
ʵҪǮĻܺ˵ھͰҷˣҵļ˸һʷĽ𡣡¸̸ûʲô飬ҧҧһᣬ˵ǶľҵˣǾðҵĺʲô
Ըܵ⼸˵ľֵʱɫԱˡ
˵꣬һתͷԴķȥһҴ׷ڵҴʻеٶȷǳ죬˻һ䡣
¿崬ϵԬһϲ
öƴӿٶȵ
ͻȻҡһ£ҲŰڶһӣ濴ȥ
ҴѾײһԬһȺҴ
һϴǼ˺ͼ󺺴һƬԬͳûֱӡ
Ҳʱ´Ԭ濴һλ߳
һ䡰Сġûü˵ڣԬͱ˴һº󱳡


616¼ָ

ߴһ죬ԬûзӦ󺺴һȭǰȥ
ոշЩȫվ۵ףԴͷֿʼʹ
ͬǣͷۣǰЩǻ¼һԺص
ԺĳֶľɣʤУĪԬľꡭĻ棬ǵĳޣԼľһۣȫԺصš
Դʵ۵üͷͷڴϡ
Ԭӵû뵽󺺾ȻΪ˰ѳԭĸӱһɣһ룬Ҳ̧࣬ȴ±ͷڴϣʹࡣ
һæߵߣǰ̽ԵʣС㣿
̧ͷһۣüȻţýģΪʹӣӺз͵һ
Ԭû˵ߵһȥ˸绰
ܲãСͷʹʲôˡ
绰ͷһãȥ
˺һʹвſʼᣬµƽüҲչˡ
С㣬˵ʲô𣿡ƼղŽʹģԬ֪ᷢʲôԲŻľɴͨ绰
Ԭ鷳ˡ˵ĻԬʵȫͲһƵϣԬˡ
ȷʵˡ
һϲЦ̫ˣ֪ܲһܸ˵ġ
˴ǡ
ǰ£ľɵȷ˵һ֮ǰĮί
ܲϾҪˣٵȵȡ
˸ͷϿȥ
һ·Ѿͣ˰ϡ
¿Ϥ·ԣһ˿ڳϣȴһֱߡ
ĿŽ£һ˫ͫ
¿ϤͻȻЦգŴ󲽳ľȥ
ľɡ
ľ뿪Ŀ⺬Цչ˫ۡ
ͻȻͱײһ£ǿҲ͵һ¡
˹ȥ̫󣬽ûɲסǼײʵϣʹüͷСġ˻һ
ײ𣿡ͷϴһͳ΢Ƶ
ۡǺۣǾΪ˶ľһʺͻȻͱý
ľЦһ°͵ͷϣˡ
Ҳ㡣롣
ԬһĴǿⷬ龰Щ࣬ĬĬһǣʶĲȥţǿ˹ȥطˡ
ľȼһЩҪݺݵһ㡣
Ѿжûбˡ
̲סָġ
ôû廹ǰһľɵ
±ЩȴܸԸš
ܱţеܿġ
ɣ֮ǰz㣬ǲǺǲǶҺʧĻʡ
ǰûϳĶʧ͸ˡ⣬µĺݺݳһ£һľ˵ǣҸԼеʧûб㣬ʧ䣬硣
ŨŨ𣬽̧ͷĿϣֻܿһ΢򥣬ţ°һڡ
ѾұĺܺˣģҲ·ϣԺأҲ һҲ뿪㣬գһ˫ˮӣԵĿŶľɡ
ľɹ˹ Цһá
Ĵꡣ
ȵͷûŽµıݣ´򿪳ţŶľɽ
ǳ˺ܾãᡣ
´ʱľɲɿͷ΢׵Ĵ̲꣬סһ¡
ǽòãʱǾͽ顣ľߣ顣
֣صĵͷá
ûֱӻصľңȥһ˽µļ
վԼҽյĴţ˼ǧʧѾкܶˣһһҲûص
ۿ΢΢죬֣塣
˶ˡ
հȥ¾漱ٵĽŲžһ
µһ̣۾д˾ȣһ˲浹ȥýּۿס
ĸŮѸԺۿ
סµϵµĿһ飬Ǵŵ㲻ȷŵʣ𣿡
ĸ׵һļ룬µͷȾһ˿ǻ裬ңһˣԲʱֵˡ
ıỨͺá
ôˣϹ


617һž

ſڵӵĸŮˣ˫飬ۿ죬Žµ֡

ľһԿűһˣ΢䡣
±󺣺˱м䣬ƳһվŵĶľɣġ
ͻȻһɸӵӿ򴽣ӶϻѶľ˹ü䡣
ſڱһ֮ʶſڣ˷档
ʲôʱģ˿̻ûдӸոձ˵л۽ǻЩ졣
ʮǰɡ»ش
ô
ľɴҵ⣬ΪǶʱûлָ䣬ǻܲˣĵϢ
ҷ򸾵ͷ
裬Ȼʰһ¶һᵽľȥɡ·ϣľɾ͸ĸĸᵽľȥҪˣ󺣺ҲˣᵽľҲһЩ
ͽ󺣶һۣ˵ͷҲá
ϣľ
һƬЦڵġ
ʤվһƣǸӣҲָ˼䣬ͰҲҪˣãһжˡֻǸ˵ģǼģ˵˵ţͷ⡣
ЦЦɱ
ľɺͽ࿴һۣԼͬЦˡ
Թ֮󣬽»صȻָ˼䣬ҲûҪ˯ڿͷˣᵽ˶ľɷ
ľɵķֽë̺춼ǻҰɫģһϵе䵭磬ûɫ
±һ£յʱ򣬴Բÿյˡ
ߵľɵĴߣḲĴģûһ˿ޡ
תһƨ˴ϣĴȥ֣ԭĴҲΪͻȻѹȥޡ
ڿĴط˼ںƯ۾Ŵɰ׵컨壬շһ˿ɫ
ӽԺ󣬾Ҫľһˣ˵ڴǼٵġ
ԺѾԺһĻ棬ӹڵģԽԽۡ
ǵЦŵ
ľѾߵſڣƷŵŰϣҪŤʱͻȻһͣ˹СѾͷһνɣ֪ڵʱЩʲô
ŤŰ֡
űˣţӳȴǽϹȥģ
ΪʱֻһˣҲûоڴϹʱ½¶СĶƤ
׻ġ
ľɫƯԸеĺ¹һ¡
ͻȻϵǲ˽ֹͣ˷ĶӴĿ
һ˫۾һգգģһԼҵͷϻһ˿ִ٣Ρ
̲ס̣·ôûè
ϵһЩװһû˵ô·û
ҷһͦĵģľ۾΢΢ϹǴһ˿ʮЦݣ󲽳ȥ
ľɵɤһֱǵͳżģҲ֪ǲΪϵԭ򣬽¾ʱȻԸУرǺǾԵܲʽĶֱҪְ̫
ʿˮŲŲŵһ˿ΣյϢ
ľĿⶨڱ·߰ıЦ
һ˾ŪôˣһŪĸҺòã仰˵ı⡣
ľѾ˴һ¾͸еʱȥ࣬ƶȻ󣬵ҲһʱѾƵ˴ıԵˣƵĻҪȥˡ
ʲôôûˣ㲻ңľͳ
롣ʵش
ľɹ˹ָ
⸱ģǶһµһۣǹԹԵƵߡ
ľŽµӣĿԡ
ˡ룬ԶĻҪࡣ
չȥַڽºϣѹ˹ġ
Ǻȣľûѹ֡
ҹɫڵõͳգŨŨīһ

ϣľƿƤһ۾ȥǸСè
ϻŸ˵ۣѹֵ̫ˣûпסһӾͶͷ˳Ҳڵºۡ
ڿһĺɫҲžһ£ľɳŲӣͷڽһǡ
µ˯һֱᣬһСҲܰѣϱľڵҪ˯
ƿƤߵſݵӣҪһ£ȴֶһ£¾ʹʹУüġ˻һ


618ֻ

ľɼüͷ΢Լʣ𣿡
ʵҲֻۣ̫ûΪˣһЩӦ
˳ڶľɻ˲䣬ҡҡͷǺۣá
⼸ҲѶľǹҧҧ뵽ûлû
磬˯ɡľĽµı
ŴڣмδϵĴ뵽ղŶľǾ仰ס䴽
̫ɹƨˣⲻ˵Ϲ
໥һͻȻ˵ˣҽҪȥҵ
ԣľɳ˲ʣȥǰ첻ǲȥ𣿡
֪ˣҵǲˣ֮ǰºҵǶιﻹǴ׾󷢣ԵĻϣ԰ѽԼߣҪ˽Ӵ
ģҲֻġ
ûһ֮ǰľɴûĳôǿռ
ڶľϲ˲䣬˵Ҳ֪֮ǰzҺܶ࣬ҲǼİǣڵֻһԴףҪȻҴһȥ
Ҳ֪Ǿ䡰ڵֻһ˵϶ľɵ⣬ΪҪһȥľû˵ʲô Ĭ
ڴһ֮󣬾ˡ
ϵĲѾ˺ܶ࣬һߴŹǷһץͷϴּ䡣
ľɣ
׼ˢʱϴСС鲼ŵĺ㣬´һľɵ֡
ľɻΪʲôææܵϴּŽһҪ޵ӣżʣʲôˣ
ͷָŲӣ߷ߣ㿴ĺ 㻹ôȥ˰
Ĳϱ鲼۵սľһεϣΪʲôˡ
߹ȥѽ±ڻЦⲻͦõģǾͶ֪ҵŮˡ
£
̧ͷŭһۣҧ˵һҲҪĲҧ㻹˵˵ˡ
ð׼ʲôʱѾʼڴˡ
һ︹̶ľǺ޳ܡ
Ϳ˺úһ覷۲ŰѲϵĺס
ʰ֮ҵڵļ
ºͶľ̽ң˵ģµżûҵôǷϵģˡ
ҵɫǰ콭̽ʱѿˣȥû˯һþһɫԡ
ڿʱҵһվŵĶľɣ۽ɺ죬ɫͻȻѪһݣһܵǰ
ֻһŵţҵץӣ׺ݣôһˣ
ҵôüھ£ҧҧ´Ϊչҵ᣺ָ磬ô
˵ָ硱ľƳһۣЩˬǿǵڵ龰ûзй
ͻȻתͷĿ⣬һЦҸѾһˡ
ҵĿƣſ˽ŵ֣ʮָ۵ĻҵеܴۣһȥûһķθϢʹ
˳ҵĿȥעͶľɽŵ֣򴽣ûɿץ֡
ָ磬㣬Ҫǰļ䶼һˣܸлzչҡϿ˵ÿһ仰Ƿ˵ġ
ҵ۽һüۼӿϼᳰ۽ǵĨɺӺˣЦЦ˵ǰЩ㶼һˣһˣ
ϣһ񶨵Ĵ𰸣ǳĬҲãٻһϣ
ȴû뽭µ˵ͷ֣أԣҸһˡ
ľһ£ҵûҪҲ
ҵ˳ǽȥЦֱȿ޻ѿ
ãˡһ̣֪ Ҳûлˡ
ӦˣµĸûϹĸҲǾ˰ɣ֮⣬ûκαĸ顣
ָ磬㡭û°ɡ
ǾʺĻû˵ڣҵû˵ҪʵĻҲֻ˼˿ΣԽԽʹ
»ָ˿ڣûʲôµĻǾˣٹ㡣


619һδɴ

һ۶ڵϵҵı顣
򴽣˵˾䡰ˡ
˵꣬ǣŶľɵ뿪
ת뿪֮ҵվ͸Ӽķ϶һһ͵ӰʧԼǰֱһСڵ㡣
ҵﷺһ⡣

Ӽ֮󣬽µһֱһЩ䡣
ľɳźƵʱ䣬ŤͷŽ˵ʲôĵģ
ϣΪ˱˶ġ
ĵûУֻ뵽Ϻкܶ鲻Լ顣Щ䣬˫ںڵīͫҲ˼˸С
ľĬĬϸķ˿ֻҪߣʲôҶȥòãǲ롣
ϲҪһõĶ
ֻΪżЦݡ
̧ͷīͫתת۾䣬Цá
̵ƣľɷ棬ǰ濪
˻ɴ꣬һȥһĿĻɴװ
һλԱǰ΢΢˸Ա⡣
ӭλѡɴװ𣿡
µͷ
ǶλȿĻɴ֪ʦƵġԱڻɴ﹤ôãȻеģһľɺͽˣ֪ͷС˿
¶ԵԱЦЦǣŶľɵȥɴ
ɴ۾Щˣеѡ֢ˡ
ЩɴƯÿ봩
ǲģֻľɽһΣɴҲֻᴩһΡ
ͻȻһһĳװĻɴ۾һ
ŶľߵǸǰ¶ĿǼɴɴǶһӨĹһЩۣɴ棬˫ɴǰһɫʯٻɫĵƹɢ⣬¿ɫٲһ˿Ľ֯š
ԱʱչܴʣʦGeorgeƵβɴܾտСҪǶɴȤĻȥһԡ
ľ䴽ȥԡ
Żɴ˸ҡ
ľɳϵţȴϣĿһ˲˲ĶŽ½ȥǸңƺ뵽һգգŮҵΪЩףľһջߣĿ⵭ȻĿط
ʱȥˣȺĶľüͷͷһϵֱѾȥʮˣôôã
ǳʲô˰ɣ
ľһȣҪҵķȥ
ʱҵȴˡ
´Ӹ˳
΢ĳ䶥һŰ֪ǲΪڸ˵Եʣ΢죬˼ɫںīͫһһģ۵Ĵεޣ¶Ƥͬ𪣬Щ˼ɫɴĲֽϸ֫յĸˡ
ɴЩڵ϶㡣
Ա߹ȥѽ¶Ļɴ
ָŻɴ߳ľȥ
һֱߵԼǰˣľɻûлع
ɣ̧һֻڶľǰ˻Ρ
׻λεѸöľɻ񣬿ŸղϾȻһ˿죬ŵģΧһȦۿɼĺɫ
Ҳˣû뵽֮껹ܼľɶӺĻ档
̲סЦһ
ÿ𣿡ƿȫչڶľǰ
ԭҪתȦģɴתȦһǳɣΣȹ̫ˣһתȦ˾ͻᱻ赽ֻܷתȦȦ뷨
ľɸܵʱĺͣһԸеĺһ£ߵߣϵļƷ˿𵽶ȥ˹ÿҵŮ˴ʲôÿ
ЦЦ컬࣬ģҲ֪ѧġȻЩ𱸣ȴֵ˼仰ʮá
ҲֻϲŮ˻ϲˣеһжȻʦͨˡľɴյ¶ԣ
ｭȹڵĵԱ޶˱ιһ칷ΪɴһԱĳѾֲˣֻһԵֵܿã
еĿŮֱһԣ
Աں澡ܵĿϲҪųĸЦ
ϲһ𣿡ľʡ
µͷϲġ
ɴһ۾ǰһĸоϲ
ãǾˡľ˵Աɴ
õġ
ȥҰѻɴľɿʼװ
ѡһɫװɡ¸ľ顣
áľ˳ŽµԸ


620ǽ

ӻɴֱϣ¶һֱǸװŻɴĴӡ
ľѹţԼЩˬӡ
ҧҧ
Ѿͷеˬǰɡ
ڽµNŴɵЦ֮󣬶ľѹĺ¡
յģľɻûôҧгݵĺ֡
ϵЦĪĿŶľɵôˣ
ôˣһôˣɴһţͱϹ׶԰ɣľһ˿ЦЦǳǳġ
һ㶣ŷӦڸһɴԴס
Цһû˿еĻɴܹԴף޴
һ潭ָеۣľɾΪںԲųԴ׵Ĳô
ԽԴ ˵Խں
ЦЦĵͣش󶼲Ϲ󣬰ɣҪ֪һɴһŮ˵ǺشģһŮ˴ϻɴ ֤ΪޣҪʽΪһŮˣ˵ǷðҴϻɴҾʽŮˡ
ľһĿȹš
̴ѾҵŮˣϹ
򴽣ͷЩ˼ʵľҲǵһϹˣڴϵʱźϹſϷŹ
ڶľȵ£ĺ˾䡰Ϲ
µڱȽ͵֣ʱ֪Ϊ߻ԭѹģܵ˼ίһ
ľջĿ⣬Ҫһ½µģû뵽һѡ

⼸죬ľңңȫ¶ææųﱸ¸ľɵĻ£Ҫû磬Ҫ׼һҪõĶ֮Ƿǳæ
ڴϣһıѾʮˣһôô۰ԺҲҪˡ
仰ľɶɫ߹˫ֳڽ¶ߣϸ۾㻹˭飿ⱲֻܸҽûУ±Ҳǡ
ʿˮֻĵıԹһѣû뵽ȴΪԼôһ
ͦϲġ
֪֪ˡͷ΢ƫҸľ˫īͫӡ
ԡľૣӣľһջһڣ˸Ա£ΪǺñӣ˯ɣ컹ҪȥһЩ
ûз֮е£⵹ý¸еЩ⣬ҲֵС

ڶ
һƬĲݵеģʮ׳ۣˣҵѻһЩľŵԱ,򽿽ӦԼ˻
Ļ
ľɵĿⶨڲԶͷĺ̺
ϴǼβɴģĶڵϡ
ʮϵЦˡ
Ž󺣵һ
󣬽󺣽µַڶľɵ΢⡣
ŽϵƣͷϵۿҲЩСӡ
һȴǿĵģ޸ľɣûв벻ģľֵиһˡ
վмʶľɣľƶǸԣ򽡿ԸⰮο
ľɣԸ⡣
ŮʿƶǸм򽡿㶼ԸⰮο?
䴽Ը⡣
ʱһƬİ
˽Խ֮󣬶ľµ֫ͷɴһǡ

ϣһʻĴϣ²ӣһɫıֿ˿ϲ
䵭ķһϲ˰
ʱűƿľɴ˽ߵ˴ߡ
ľƵŽµ֡
ľ߹´Ӵվǰ һŵŨŨľζ
Ŀô࣬ľΪɹ٣ٲҪǾƣһϣҲǹ˲پƣЩۣľɽ⿪װĵһŦۣȴץסˣѹڴϡ
ûк
˴ʱľŵĺζ
Ŀԣ˫īɫĺͫȫĵӰ
ľɵͷڽ´£۾Ķ䡣
һƬ
ϣ´Ӷľɻѹʱ֪ģͻȻҲݲͬ˰ɡ

˳Թ֮󣬶ľɽӵԬĵ绰֪ͷ˵Щʲôľɵüͷ
ȵ绰֮󣬽²ʣʲʲôˣ
ˡľ΢
¾ȵ۾


621

ȥϢ÷з϶ͷľɿϢһͷַۣŶͷ
ʰø·¿ľüͷ壬ʵôˣ
ãµֻҲͷȥϢֻǿ죬벻˭濴˶ľɹ˾֣ʱˡ
ˣҵȥľ˵
Ѿˣȥɣȥ¿˿оЩģȰ˶ľȥ
һֲ̤ʵĸоʱŮ˵ĵ׼ˣ˵ʲôҲöľʱȥ
ľҲͬˣֻǸ˾˸绰
ڶ죬˶ˣľɿһͬȥļ
ʬѱ߰˾֣⣬Ҳֻ顣ֻļⶼΧ˾ߣüǡ
мھӼҵĴ迴ָָ֣㣬˵סǣһš
ߣﲻ׼˽롣ڵľ쾯
ʱҲѸϵ¿⾯Щԥ̧һ۶ľɡ
ϰ壬
ߣҪ˭ô˵ǲҪȥˣִй񡣡첻ͷҪߡ
ľĬĬؿһۣԶЩ˸绰һҲȥӵ绰ɫЩ˾ߡ
˵ʶֳǡЩԸطǽȥ˾߿ء
Ѿѹһ飬Щ©ʲôҪЩѲ顣
ͦɾƺѾһ飬ĶûƻֳЩ춼ȡ֤ġ
ãǵһӵĶӳʱֳ˵ֻǽģ鷳Ҫƻֳллϡλӳǿ˴к
أľǶġֻһԤУûô򵥣һ㣬üҴҵġ
˱ܿ˾Ѱľȥ鷿ȥķ䡣࣬ҪҲ٣·˴ϡ
ǣԼñ䡣Щ·ƺ֮ǰȥʲôҪˡ
Լ˼ȥͷ񣬿˳롣һֻֻһֻõʽЩûа£֤
ֻѾû磬ųŵ磬ȥ鷿Ҷľɡ
㷢ʲô
ľһ飬ٶȺܿ죬һֽ
Ǿľɣ֡Ϊ˷ֹĹȻɣľɽֽŽԼĿڴ
ʲô˼Ҳֽú֣ʲôġ
һֱڹ۲ǡľɳ룬óһۡ
ɣͽ½ӣҲһֱ˶šֻǶԷڰжԷơ
ΪʲôҪֽǾͲ±췢֣ҪǾ£ҪӸˡ²²
鷿ﲻֻһֽô򵥣ľִ鷿ĳ룬һ
ҲŰæϷ˺ԼļҵһԼƺǩľ֮ǰ˹˾й
㿴ͼǲǺϤָָԼǸɫͼֽϵͼһģһ
ӿڴｫֽóľϸϸȶһͻȻ뵽ʲô֮ǰ˲ųĪˣȴûʲô֪һ֯йء
֯ͨɫͼǣڶľǩԼ֮ǰйϵ
֮ǰĪӼųģЩˡǱˡľ̾˿
Ϊ˰ȫӦ÷ѾطôɶԷοҲֹһЩԹ
Щˣв鵽ʲôÿǶܶѲ飬ʲôݣ½üͷͼͬϿʲô
ϧͬ죬ֻǹ˾logoϣиɫǰˡ
޷ûûпġŸǩǹ˾Ҷ˽ⲻࡣ
ľɸŽ³鷿Լ˴˸绰Ϊ˲龯ǵЩˡ
ոշһʽһϵʹõģڳ硣
˵䣬˽˷䡣
Ϊʽֻ붼ûУϵͱ´ˡֻļ¼ˣҲǴͨ￴һİĺ롣
룬Щ֡¶Ǻ룬ֻм¼
֣뱻ΣġռѾգѸԭܲµ֮ǰһС
˭˶ûͷ


622һƬ

죬ֻؼƼ顣Ϊ׵ľӹеֻСװܷľ졣
ֳѲֻܿϲ֪ͨѶ¼ûзκε˿
üͷ˾ߣŴԽߵذΧصϣͽӵ˵绰ǼƵ˴ġ
𣿡
ͷסˣԥûУ绰ѾػˣҲעˣͬѾ˹ʱļ¼һļƫƫˣλڷҵ֣޷λˡ
߬Ľģݺݵ˳ϣûа취ϵͨѶ˾ǱߣһϢ
ΪעˣϢҲһɾˡ
ʹжϡ
ұɡĹҶϵ绰ߵһһһ쳤ͼͲǰ޷˼ӻ֣ؾ֡
ƵֻͬΧһֻͼڳһЩصϢ
ûκ֤ݵ£еŬǴ룬ÿٶæĻ찵أչʽ飬ͳһھڵС
ԬĽ;һ޶
ϣýյͷͷǹ£ԴڽյټӪŵϣ˿Ⱥ鼤ܣһ飬ǲҿ飬ȻȻİìͷ׼˶ľɵĹ˾
һһķ˿ſĵڹ˾ſںںţ˾ѹե
˾ϰԱⱻֻȫװӵ³ߣľɽȫҲûֹơ
Ԭð칫ҵţ̽Եĺһ䣬ܲã
ţľ΢΢ɳƵ
Ŷ룬ܲͦεվشǰůģһĳȴżԼԼ塣
Ŀ¥µķ˿
ĻԬ鵽ʲôˣ
ԬȻĴ΢ŵ̾һҡͷûУǸ֣صúʱڿûн˶٣ܲã˰ѷ˿߰ɣΧҲǸ¶
̫ˣײԱԹصģ˵ϰʱǵĿںţע޷С
ľɻתɨķ˿޳ָ˹סᣬ΢΢ĵãʰһ£ȥ
ܲã˿̫ˣ컹ץһǱðˡԬϵľٶһʱЩȰ衣
ķ˿Ӵ󣬿ڱֲһʱ䲻Ըʵķ˿ţëѱвżӣʱܲˣҲ¸ˡ
ľƳһۣȻҪһҾ͸ǹ
Ԭ죬ĬĬĸ
ѽƻ裬˿Χһ죬ҲˣŵƿڲϢ
ֻϡϡļۿͣĺţ˾ѹե࣬ǿҵƣ
ģƼһ˳Ӱɫװĵ˲Ƕľ
˿۾ȷԼûпǵӰһһſڣ˲ͫ׷ŴҲԽľɳˣ
¶ƣɫһַ˿һϤ֣վ۵һ𣬺죬һĿס
ܲã⡭ԬЩģ̲ס
ľһ̹ȻŲͣȵƿţһֹͣơ
˿סİ
СȥҺλһбԸżȻȥҵҲ侲һ£˵һ˵Ե򶨣֪䣬˽ĶҲʧˡ
վڷ˿˼ǵһǵڶ
ľɵϴıˣﰵرݣ΢ţҺʹͬϣܽСϸ飬һĽңľɣ˾չСļˣ貹ʼձǸεε̬ȣҶСǰĻκεɻ󣬶ӭɣһĴ𸴡
һϿ㵽
˿Ĳˣ߾ٵƵַǰĳ˲ʧ˿Էıһ𣬵
ԬǰĳŵǷܲõĿдһ˿⡣
ľɲɫƿ˼š
һССӰɳϣ۾̽СԴ˰
ľɷ°һѽ˱˻ļϣŵһ
۰ɣ
ţ𶯣ҿһ
ȻٶĴԭأȦԼ
һ⣬СһһµӲļæһ죿Ҷокˣˣҵѡ
ֻһۣƣüĹԶˣŲˡԶľɵĹ˾һ˲Сĳ


623Ҫ̸

۵׵ɫý²סۣȴ޿κΡ
еָڻļͷһжġ
Ŀ񣬻İŮӣȰοһůĵϴ˰еƣ
ԾĹǡ
ľȵĺһһµƣЩ޷мܣһĨɫ϶
εĿһûذɣŹȥһ¡
ϵĳۣȴһ
ˡɳ˺һľɲɿ֣ıӰ۵ŨŨİ⡣
ϵֻͻȻ𶯣ĵƳһۣԬ
°ʱ䣬绰ִôһֲ죬ֻ첽߽鷿Ųİ˽ͨ
ܲãнչˣʶԼļԬǿѹĵ׵ϲÿʼ㱨ֻȻˣżȻһ﷢һİӼĻ棬˳ϣҵһЩͨһЩֶΣԼҵ֯ټֻ˵Щ˱ǰҹ֯Ǯ£ԭǿصҪҳҪһЩʱ䡣
һƬڵ鷿ڣϣߵ棬ɵûҹеŷһĹâ顣
Դâ绰ͷԬˣʱһ亹ǵġ
Ҷϵ绰ӯĽŲȥ۵׵һ˫
Щ죬ǽϵĿأžһƹţôܵ鷿ˣƣ
ľʳָ̫ѨۣеۣһҲûϿơ
ԣĳʹСŵߣǣ֣ҲҪȳԷȥɣͷҰ㰴Ħòã
š
ð㣬㲻ǲǣװ첽߳鷿
ůɫĵƹܰĹԢзǵ㣬װ
һ磬ľ𴲣ĳվΪѡõīɫװӣյһŰСǰٵһ£磬ȥ˾ˡ
°ΰѣҵĻӻ֣૵һţתͷ𴿺ڵıӣסԼСԴĸˡ
ľʧЦεҡҡͷ
ĽƬ˿Χ¹˾ĳȻʧѹõԱܾĴЧʸ˲١
˾ǰ̨Сһԭȵĳ࣬¶һű׼Цա
ſڳһŮˡ
ڳԵĴ˽䣬һһ߶֣ƽƽĹװ㴩ȴŲͬĸоһ˫ѥ߳˸߸Ьơ
ʵīڵסݣ·Աͣ˽Ų
Բ
̫˧˰ɣ
Ů˾ֱߵǰ̨ժī棬Ҫľɡ
ĵգƲۣǰ̨Сһ£ſĿİͰ͵˵˼ԤԼ𣿡
ŮüȻûС
ôֱ׳˵ûԤԼͷһؼȻиԣС㣬Բ鷳绰չ涨ûԤԼǲȥġ
ŮЩͷšüЩĮ绰ܲãа취˾
˵գһֳ棬еԿȦ
֮£ǰֻ̨ĬĬĲͨԬĵ绰˵
绰ͷĬƬ̣ɡ
ԬԶԶĿӭǰȥԼ֣С㣬ãܲڿᣬԵƬ̡
Ů˵ƳһֻۣͶľ̸˵գأһλ
˽һ㶣ôƢ
ľɿһϵĻᣬƿҵžͱһŮסˣľɡ
Ԭߵ˼䣬ӣ˻˰칫ңЦЦǰŮˡ
ҵٴιϡ
ŮĵĴ˴Լָ⣬Ҿ̸һ̸һкô
˶Ƚţ۵ζλСδţҵĹ˾˽㹻𣿡
Ȼ㹻ʱ촽΢ţ
ľ֣ʾ
ҽȻˣɴ̹һЩˣǹ˾ָƣǰ˿Ѵ򷢰ɣҸЩֻܻһʱƽϾֵڶûеóۡ
Сĵλҿ֯Ĺˡ͸ķΪ󵨵Щ¶Ǹ֯ļƻǾҪʲô
Ůӹʹ˵Ȼʡ£ܼ򵥣Ҫֹͣ͹˾Ĺ뿪¡
ľɵ۵һĨɫֱǳ룬ƺҪĶһ䣬ⲻܡ
ľܲÿٿǿǣշŮƵĴվ¶һĨص΢Ц


624ȫƻ

ǸŮ˴뿪֮󣬶ľԺһֱصո˵ЩΪѵڰ칫Ʋѣһһ֧̽һ̵֧ĵȼ
Ȼ˽ȥɫôãһоһʲô顣ϾŵѹѾˣټۣľɵӺܲù
ôˣʲô鲻Ҫ˵ͺöˡ
´Цһһֱͣظһ㣬ǶľɵһֱЩӣý¿źǺ¡
ʱѾ˵ˣոһŮˣ֪Ƿʲôöľôܡ֮ǰġ
һǳֵ飬ʵڲ֪Ӧôˡ
ľ촽ĸ֮ѡǽ¶֮ףͰ˸Ūˡ
ԣıƷǳΪµˣһԽƷ
ľϸϸĽǰ鶼˵һ飬Ľţ鲻ôýǸŮ˾Ȼܹһʲôˡ
ûϵӦ
ĵ˵ţһ㶼ֳֻ֣Ҫе鶼źãҲ޷
⻰ľ͵ĵһ뷨ֱաһûпʼԷͷˣˡ
ʱ.µһǸŮ˵УľɱͷǸ棬ûʮİȫĽ¸
ҲӦ飬ʵ̫Σˡ
ľִⲻýȥðգѾˣټһʱ䣬Ҳôðա
ǽһӲͣת飬ʵҲǲԵģֻҪþʤܴ
һûģֻҪǵļƻ㹻ܣǸŮһŵģοȥ˵һҲż
һķ˵ʮ侲ľȻЩԥˣʵǲ֪ʵ࣬һ˽£κ鶼ġ
˲佫Ů˱˻ҼȥˣκһԸȥѡ
㲻֪ôĻһǼŴôۣҲŲ
ľɼʼˣֻܴ֮Ӧˣǰϸϸؽεļƻ˵һ飬ľɸǸ˴ȥ˵绰
ιľôִ绰ء
칫ܹǸŮĵƺķչͲ뵽ˡ
ˣҸʱɡ
ľ˵ţۿֻŵĿԱߵĽ£֪绰һֱϸŵ¶ţǶľɴǰ󶼱ֵúȻǸŮ޻˵
ʮ㣬ҵ㡣
䣬ľѸٵĹҵ˵绰˿첲ϵֱھԼʱ䲻߸Сʱǰǰкܶ׼ҪڲټˣпǸŮ˰߾⸽
Ԭ̹һֱǶӣȫ
ԬĴԱ˹ȥ۾Ŷľɵǲʮ𼱣Ҳ֪ܵ
ӵʱ䣬ľѾļƻˡԬæܹȥʵʩڵط뽼ǸƾɳҲҪСʱҲ˵СʱЩڱǱǱϣ̸ϵ
ˣ㲻ôģֻҪɹȥܹãһж⡣
ԼҲܺ£ǲϵվڶľ˵Ŷ衣˵ֲҲֲ˵ֲҲ
֮һֱǾ仰ϲŹһˡ
ԭľþһߣ˼ȥһȽΣգϾĳӱȽԣױЩ˸ˡ
Ǹ֯һһͨ˿𣬾ͨ˶ܿó˵ˡ
Сʱ.
ĵ绰Ȼ
ľܣѾȫˣֻҪЩһᱻץġ
Ԭĵ˵ţѾǰˣǁطߺõλãЩһǾܿ
õģ֪ˡ
ľɹҵ˵绰ǿŴⲻһֱڷֻֿŵĸоȥ̳
£׼ڱҪȥˡ
ľһ˵һ߽ڻϣܹһֱôһ
ľ׼˺ܶණһʱϵоǱߵĵǰǼֲĹ·滹кЩ˶طʵ̫ˡ


625

£˾͸ңһȥġ
ľһ·ϲϵظ仰ʱ´¡
ûϵҡ
ĵ˵⿴ųԽԽԶһֱʻ⣬·ҲԽԽƫƧˡʶǸŮ˵ĵطͿҪˣǣ뵽ҲûףΪʲôĶҪƫƫֻҪнأ
һ̫ңûʲô飬ʱ뿪׼
һ·ʲôͻȻ˵һǸŮ˵̫ڼңöľʧȥ˷ִ硣
һСʱ
ڷԱͣ⸽ֵֺǶ֪ʲôġԶԶȥ˺һϸ΢ĵƹ֮⣬ĵطǺһƬ̫ϲоˣ֪Էôġ
ò˵ǣǸŮʵ̫ˣѡһԼĵطδ𣿿ܶԷҲ뵽
㻹𣿡
ľɺţԱߵĽһֱڷôˣǲȷʵ̫ˣо
ûϵ
»䣬෢ıûϵģֻھԼʱֻʣʮǸŮ˻᲻ˣ᲻ε鱾һӣһǷˣթ
ȻǰǸطȻ֮ƺʲôľɵֱۣžͿһŮ˴ż˴Ǳ˹
һɫȹӿʮޣֵطģһ벻ôƯŮӾȻɱ˲ѪҲйϸ
Ӵǰ˴ˣľɣĹѪģΪ֪Ǽ飬ȻԼҪӶˡ
ǸŮЦ˵ţһֱڽµû뿪ۿĳҪˣ²ĶǰŮˡ
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ǸͷŮ˲ɫûľɾȻһסѸٵؽ⼸ܻһֱƴκЩ˶ǾʱѵǼ˸ǶľЩµĶ֡
ǸŮ׺ݵĿŶľЦǹģҲԼˣǵôУͲڵˡ
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С˵ţ˵עһҲẦ£ǿŶľôģԸһΡ
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⻰ǸŮĻðɣ޲ھͽԬɱô׵ľͻᱻץסǵ֯Ҳˡ
ļ˺Ȼֹ֮ͣ˵࿴ŶԷüŪ۵ġʼԬǵ۾ǲǳʲô⣬Ҳûô⣬Ȼ.
ڳײӱʻڰ͹ƽ·ϣ⼸˵Ĺ⵷ңˡ
壡
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ȥط뺣߲һ׵·̣ԬܹȥʱǼ˶Ѿ˺


Ԭˮƿڴץˣû뵽ְ취ѡҶطϤˮȻѾˣԬʵڲԸԼ£ȥðա
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626Ҿ˸

ڰ·ͣľûа취ҲԬǣЩ¾ְѾúܺˡ
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ľһ˶ȥˣûпԼҪĽٻЩźġ
ҹշתɳϲ˯ʵֲ̫ˣǸŮһûеóѣһ᲻ĵġ
˵ǸŮ˻᲻ǣ飬ľԽԽߣڰֱʤ
ͱ磬ʵ̫ˣ⻰˵ĲûеġǸŮ˵ӣǲ򵥵ˡ
ľʵû취ˣԼĻôģһ鶼õĵطչġ
ĺòãڡ
۲ѵĿŻŮˣ֪ӣľɼýȥðյģڻ֮սս顣ϸıڻòײŽ¸˯ˡ
һ磬ľĴӴζǼ飬ܾǸŮ˻жģֻǲ֪ʲôʱҪʱ׼
ľɣôô
Ժ˵Ż۾Ϊܹ˯һ˷·ع鱾һ㣬ıȼ磬˯ıȹ
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Сʱ.
ս˾˸Ԭһŷ⣬˵ĶҪľɣһȤġ
ĿǸŷ⣬Ķ.
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͹ģѾϸһ飬û˿ͶǸ˳ʲôӣֻ֪Ǹ˵Ҫ
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óֺȻ֮ȻһܵǸŮ˷ġ
溯ֱӽͰľɲԱЦһҲ̫Цˣ㼿סֱǿЦ
һ죬ڼŹĻ㿪ģֻǳȥʱ򣬶ľԬȥ˿ʲô
һۣò׻ȥ˼˹ͷҪ۵ɢˣεĲϰ̻ʲôˡ
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ľɿЦЦµĿδҲ̫ڼˡ
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ôˣʲô⻹档
ľһ߳Էһ߻ţϾǼܹ˵ʱҲֻôһˡ
ЩţͣŽԼʱ״֪Լˣþʲôԭܾ˸ÿһλͷʱӰ
⻰ľɺͽ¶һۣҪĽڹ۶ϣֻܲš
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ǡ
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һȥǸϤ̳Լģ.Ƕľɰŵ飬ܷġ
Сʱ.
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ľɾȲѵ᲻Щˣôô죬Ѿˣ
ͻȻԱ߽µĵ绰ľԼ˼棬翪ʼϵĴ绰¾Щ֣Ȳȥһ档
ľЩȵ飬ȥһ꣬¥µĿȵ?
˳ȥŴⲻ飬¸սžͿڲͣ֡
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꼫ˣ˵黹أ֮ǰҲûйָо⼸ſʼƵƵ֡
ܾұˡ
ĵ˵ţ¸һ̧ͷͿһɫ·ˡ״ոڰ칫Ҳƣ̫ˡ


627¼̽

֪ȥǰ취˱٣ѾԼڼﵣ£Ҫ
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һȭֻйߣδֵֻ̫ʹУʱķơ
⼸˸ҵļˣҼ˽̽ȥ顣ץסǸˣȥ졣
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ɶľҲüͷﻹŸոյֻһЩ˽̽ϡ
⼸СЩȥʱ򣬼ǵôˡǵĿ꣬ӦҲŶԣôǷġľɰοһ䡣
֪ľɵΪѣһвΪ˱ļ𣿽жҲŶľһԸ֯
һΣЩ˲㱻ץҲ¶šֻǿ£һץǣûôˡ̾˿
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ЩҲûʲôˡľɷֻȥ
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ľ׼ĵ绰ص˵˼ǡȵؿ˿ľɣȥˡ
ӭˣ˱ˮ
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Ҹˣ֮ǰ˸ճȥģĪôˣľһ䡣
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ĪѺţԸߡ˵ʲôϰúñ֡
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յķĪʮӣſſˣһװ˽ϴһϢһ˫۾ƺҪһ㡣
Ϊ˭أԭǶľϰ尡ĪЦһԶľɵĿģҲ˵²⡣
ľĪ˵һ䣬ȴҲ彲ʲôֻǿı飬ƺǶ
ľҪǸ֯ĪеϵҲֵط
λϵĵ绰ľһ䣺֮ǰųȥ˭Ǿʲô
ĪҲ˵绰Ļ̧ۿЦΪһЩˣ˲ǳҪʰˣǻã
ǼɤöľܲǱ绰Ŵöľ̲ס绰ԶЩ


628µķ

ĪͷľɲǿɴͷȥҲ˵ˣ˳ֹҶ˵绰
һģ
ľüĵòʾ½ӵ绰
Ī԰׵ĴһһϣԼĪھܾתͷߵľԱˣҪȥϢ
ɫĳ仮棬Ķȴסˡ
Ĳϳһ˵Ƭ
ѪۣһƬףԭ˫Ŀʧȥɣɫմǵգͷڵϡ
ֻһۣĪۿỨﻹŲĶӡ
ĸ磬Īӷɡ
һЦ⣬ĸͷĸ硣
ôһˣȻ۸ĵز΢˳
һΪļλŻڼͨͨڣ̤һ˿ʣ
˫޹˾ĮȻһ´ʹģθһ˺ѵʹҲĪڴˡ
黮ӣ̱ϣֲסĲͲϣˡһߡ
ۿͷҴҵĺţҸ磬ҸΪʲôôˣ
֮һ˲ת
˵ȻЦЦĿڣһΣĪСҺú̸̸˰ɣ
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ܺáľɴӵ̧ȣЩɺ⣬֮ǰ׼һСС벻뿴
ŮüһӲĵ˵ͷ
ڼ֪
ɫޱ䣬ıţ棬˫ֽסеĻͲϱѹĿ֨
һƵĸ类һ߷ϣϲʯӣһĨ죬ĪӷֽŲõ֧Լ壬һֻŲסļݺݵѹסеĶĹâɢȥԽݣЩͽֱԽء
ȭܼƵеϣһĪͷţůҲɢĺ⡣
ǸͷĵˣΨһĸ簡
Ƶ󣬿ͽȥĪӷԭأСָĹ˹۽üٲķɡ
ĪָݺݵǶԼģݺݵ
֪һкͶľûйϵ
ĪҾ̶꣬ٵĵһЩˣˮתƽȮۣа취ʰĪӷɡ
ˮˣʶĻץסֱߵĵݣס
ڣľɾĵݡ
ǰŵļ֧飬ϣ㣬Ҹ磬֪ˣҲõӦеĳͷˣҸɾһˣܲЩŹ㡭
ľƽǰŮһۣĿαϣһԲ
Ժһ֣Īֲ˲ϵۣǿѹĵ׵ʹȲ׷ʣոҵ֪֪֯Ұ֪Ķ㣬Ҹ硣
Ļش𣬶ľɵǹһĨЦ⣬»ͷá
̶̵һ֣Īȴ֮ڵõ滺Ļϡǿ绰ǹͨģϵʽֻȥҼҰɡ
һΣȹҶϵ绰Ƕľɡ
һͷĪ鲻ԸıԱײײ뿪˷䡣
ľɿ̤Ĵţյ˽µĵ绰
ô𣿡
һȥһĪңܲҵ˵ֻ
һ֮󣬡һȥڴӼһңſڵҡ
ĵӿһů˵һĨԻҸ㺡
һ³ƼǸϤӰֱ֣˹ȥ˺ܾ𣿡
ûУôô٣ô죿䵽ĳϣﲻԾĴһ𱸡
ӣһСģǿȥɡ
Īѵ壬˳ҵõԿס
ƿţòס˵ķ͸һŵζűӣܵ˴ߣѴͨ硣
ССڵĴѸٵĻһܣɣȥңȥ鷿
˵գ㾶ֱȥϣС˼ûб֣Īô˵ҲǸŮˣ˽ܵĵطҵĺá
˦˦ͷƲϡŹֵ뷨ר־ķ
ͷױ̨ϣͷûзŹһ̽
ۿҵÿ䶼ˣȴûҵֻټСԴε߳˷䣬ľǱз𣿡
ҡҡͷЩɻ
ѵڿ
½½İ乫Ԣһߣ̨ûзŹһ


629²鵽λ

ľɽֻĪ룬ԳǣĪǴģֻ򲻿ˣǵҲϿľɽŶһֻ򿪣¼ֻ򿪣ǾϲһϲõŶľɡ
ϸͨѶ¼ȴֻһ绰룬ľɱóԼֻǴİĺԼֻѾɣľɵҲûʲôӦǽеĴʯͷ΢΢£ɸոϲɫ˲ʱʧ
ֻľɽĪĵ绰ˤˤò˼ţȷֻѾϺŶԽ˵
߰ɡľ˵꣬§Ž뿪ĪС֪ľɸոյľٶΪʲôȴ
˴Ī뿪ֱͣȥһС·оһ仰û˵ЩǷ˽µı仯ľɱһֱŽµ֣Ҳܵϴů⣬ȴôҲֵסĵĵǡ
ֱϳ󣬶ľɿһʱ䣬ȴֻϸϸ˹ǰľΪǷ紵ŤͷһʱȴֻµͷԿ۾öľɺۣϽͣ·ߡ
ԭһֱʻͻȻֹͣýºǲ⣬Ҫ̧ͷʲôʱȴֻľһֱĶŽ¿¼ƼľģľΪԼԭ棬Ҳ棬ȴЩʲô֮ޡ
ľɱµľٶҲһʱЩ޲ߣֻý°ȫյԣºݺݵرסؽϵȥ
ΪҲãΪңŻӵģء±߿ޱ߽Լ˵漴޵Ӵ󡣶ľɿ˽£˫ַڽ˫ϣζ˵
鲻ĴǱˣҲģҪģҶġľһĶԽ˵ֳǶľɵĿ϶ýԥĻᡣ뱯˵ĽýȥľɵĻֻ϶˵
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ҪȻǰҽȥˣģҿ϶չ˺ԼġЩ뵽˽ԲߣµǲˣҪǿԼᣬ΢ϸֳһĨЦ⡣ʵ¶ⷬҲǴкµģԼУ˭֪ǻԽһŮЩʲôΪ˲öľɼģַֻġ
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ҹʱľɱԵĶѣľϸһֻһֱڷͷϳ亹沿ֳǵǣľɱ뵽¶εһЩõ飬Ż㷢
ľɵҲûнѽ£§ԼĻŽ˯ţĴŽ£ĸ׺ź˯һ㣬ù󣬸ܵвжƽȵĺʱľűŽ˯˹ȥ
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ֻԱԷڶľǰһ󣬽ͼ˿Ǹ绰IPַλڹ˾һ빫˾ֻм·ľ룬ǺԶ¿ɺãˣľ΢΢


630¼һ

ֻľɽЦȥ󣬽״ϣɢŨɱ⣬ִ˸ָܱðµˣȻҲٲһЩرСֻذףȴǹһЩɼľЩӣ׼˲٣Ϊ˵һ졣
ľҪʱһȴǰ˫źԼīľɲ⣬ȴ˵
Ϊ˷ֹϴϳŵұΪ׼һװϴϡľŷӦҡȥضǻֳһЩųľû뵽¾ȻԼ뵽ˣľɹµļ磬㽫·ϡ
ľɽ·Ϲʷͬһ㣬ǾƬӢ޵еľ죬ɢһܵеʣ˼Ҫܿߣ̬ܼ¼󶼲ɵôһֱ㶵Ŷľɿ
ߣɱƬײľɵ˵һ
ľһ˹Ƕɢڹ¥ݵ֪ʱ򣬹涼˰ţΧȴǺһˣöľɸеЩɻĪѾ
װĵǱľȥ̽¹ƵŹ˺üȦʱʱ̶̿עŸĶ¥Ҳʱ׼˰ǹʱ̡Ǵ̽ʱȴֻ洫һӵֻˤڵϣˣӦź濪ʼţ쵽ϣʱ׼ǹľҲԶţȴֻһֻСè˳
˷½䱸һľаǼɶ˺üغȷû˺󣬱㳯Ŷ˵
汨棬ûˡľյ󣬱һ˺ƺƵ˹ʾֽŶһ㣬ݾߣǸˡľת˺üȦѰһʵʱ룬Ҳܷأȫȫڶľ˵ǲ
빤·θǸӣƾƣڹҵĻذϼЩЩʯͷǲעΪ׷󣬱æܣڶľɶԸӲ
ûа취ֻǧҪ߶ƾ;ƣⲻҪｻһ˻ؽ빤һȦڲľΪ̽ΣΪ׵н빤һ
Ϊ׵յָ󣬱ŵؽ˹ľеԶ׷ѰţͻȻе紵ݶϸϸѰһųľɵķ˸ƣľҲԶʾǽ빤
빤󣬶ľɻǲģԼѰһ飬ȴĵȷȷûˡϸϸ󣬶ľ˹ڵһȴֻһƬģ·סľ򿪱䣬ȴ滹нΪʵʣˣϸ̽ܺԵʻʢģȻѾûˣǴȴԵۼ
ɶ񣬾ȻˡľǰĳǷŭûʲô취ǰֶˣζŶľҪµҵǸˣеȭͷɵýգָ׻СԶǶܸܵľɴʱ˿̵ŭ⣬˲
Ϊ׵õϸѰһȷûκҲûκ׷Ѱ󣬱ľԣš
ϴѾȷϹˣĵȷȷûˣֳǰѾˡ󣬶ľɲΣͬʱеģòҵȴû뵽ľʱȴֻһ۵´󺰵
ϴﻹиС䣬ЩǱµĽкˣľɱ󲽵ǰȥǰСĵȷȷոûзֵģСǱŵģһ˶Щڵͨ˻淢ֲСڲװαȹٺòˣⶼɨĸɸɾ빤ߵĳȻͬľϸѰһûҵҪĶɨһ۹ȥȴоʲôϤĶٴϤؿһ󣬲ŷϵһ
ľеϤԺܸоԼ۲󣬷ӻӼΪݻľҲʱӵθ£ȻϤ⿴һ󣬶ľɻûԼҲû룬ڻ󣬱һͬ뿪ˡ


631¾Ȼʫй

ľص˹˾߽°칫ҡ
ľɻæеĹżôûзʲô
ľ̾˿üģߵߣѿڴóֻҵƶܺãû㿴㿴ܲܿʲôܲܿ˭Ƶģ
ľȻһӵԼϸƣмһ̱ʯɢĵĹ⡣
˲˼ƮԶˡ
һξģľȭڶӡ󣿡
ľɵµ߻Źԭλ
ͷţʦңǰƵģû֮ҾͱĪ˸ˡ˵⣬Цһ
¿Цģľɵĳһ£ƺҲŽһ뵽Ī۸飬۵¶Ȼֱͣϵ͹ɼ΢
ľɰѽԼ°͵ͷϣģԺ󲻻۸Ļˡ
һֱ߱ġ
ͷϷﹴ𴽽ǳһЦ
˱һ֮󣬲ڵҪ顣
Ƶģ屻˭Ҳ֪һǱݱȽԺյߡ
Ͼǵʱ֪ʦʫƵģ䴦Ȼ䵽ͨ
ľ꣬ü΢΢˵ǱԺյߵĻ ǸָʲôϵĶԹº֣
ºܼ𣿡ŶľһֱüͷҲ²ð졣
ľüģƽе㣬ڳ֮ûκеѡ
Ҳ֪ﲻʲôæֻ˵żһҵİ취
ľɵͷӿ㶵ֻԬ˸绰칫ҡ
Ƭ̹Ԭ칫ҡ
ȥˡľɰСĵķԬУĩˣںһ䣺Ūˡ
Ԭһô
֪ΪǽƵģԶľɲŻô
ԬĶһκζߣʣܲãйϵ𣿡
ľףţǸҵģʱȥﲢûˣֻһ
ֵǣǸ˼Ȼ˿ɱ˰Ϊʲô᷸ĵͼ
ԬնľɵķԸȥ飬ƿһ˺ããˣһ׵飬ֵһЩطҲã˳ҵһЩ
鵽֮ľɻ㱨
һΪϡΪ棬ҵλԺյˣһ˾Īӷɡ
Īӷɵ֣ľ
Īӷɣĵ΢΢ΣյĹâ
ĪӷڻھԺҲûκιϵûʱ䣬ԾͿ԰ųȥˡ
ĸ˭
ǳеģһǺýͷЩ֣˵кǿŵܲģһǺýǽܣ˳һӢһŻӵģ˽ң˽йϵŮһѣ͸һŮˡԬ˵һ˵ʱ˼ֲм
ľüļЩ͸һŮˣܲܲ鵽Ϣ
ԬͷˣһһǣϹĸϢкܶ࣬ǿǱλģݼҲǺܺã²ۣΪɽԲȦһϯ֮ء
꣬ľ˼Ƭ̣򴽣סַҡ
á
ľɵ·ͣһСԱߣ֦ѳһ붼סˣǲϸǲᷢ⳵иˡ
ڳˣĿ棬űǰǶŮ
ƹʣֻܿӰſھ
ľϸˣҹɫЩڣ̫УӲȷǸǽܣǸŮ
ű¶ǽܡ
ľ׳˳ſھ˽˱֮棬˸ת䣬뿪
ֻ῿˳ԼŮǲʲôϢģǽܴ
ôһ˾Ǻýͷ


632һų

ľɼڵ飬Ȼ̫ˡ
绰ͷҶϣŮľɶིʱȴֻ绰ཱུҶǰľԵһ²Щʵ
˭ĵ绰ʵɻûŮ˻شʱ绰Ǳȥ漴Ҷ˵绰
İ˵ĵ绰ҽӡһ仰
ľɽ绰ջأ˫Щʲôնģšľɲ룬ƸոչҶϵ绰ˣǸνĻܰɡ㲻˽Ӵİˣ˿ɼǱЩʲô˵£ǣ˼ҵҪҪʲôϷľЦһ
漴˰칫ǰ˵ԣϺüŵ֣һѲֻйŵĽܣûнܹҹ˾ܲ˭ľɵǲţּȴ־ûκ˿ܵϢϾһɶ·ͬ˼Ƶģöľɲɵͷۣ˼룬ɴ˽̽Ǽݡ
󣬶ľһڰ칫йܵϢȴ⣬ʼûвκν˽̽ҲʱϣȴֻεҡҡͷʾԼûе鵽κϢ
ľвһŭȴҲ޿κΣʾǶȥԼߵԣŴľɫһЩʲôľɾͲţôܻû˵ݣԽǲ鲻ԽΣһҪܾʲôͷľʾͷ½ǰԬСʱԬ˶ľɵǰԬľǵӣЦһûľģ
ôˣʲô𡣡ԬЦһ󣬵ҲûмЦˣΪԬ֪ľֻЦġľɽǰһԬźҲֳһĨҲͬľǡ
ô졣ԬһǵʵľȴǳĬƬ̺󣬲˵
Щ죬ȥϺüŹ˾ţܵʲôϢľɷԸԬ󣬱˵뿪ˣֱȥϺüţƬ̶˷ѡ
ϺüźԬһȻûжľӴ󣬿ŶԣҲǱȽϾԬÿ춼ڼ¥ĬĬضţһֱ̽йܵϢȴżȻһ죬˼ԱĶԻ
ôô죬ϴҪƵˣҵķûã¿ɺˡһǹ˾߲˵
ÿƵ飬ҲϽӰѷɳɣ֪ϴôġһԱ˵˵ܵͬʱ뵽ЩʲôһҴȥԬҲʱ¶΢΢Ϣ߸˶ľɣľҲЦ⣬˫ȴһ˿ɱ⡣
ԬҲûиһΪ֪ҹ͵͵ﵽϺüڣԬÿͷܿ޷죬ػûв׽κйԬӰ߲Ԭ㽫Լƽм͵͵װҵһӰĬĬȥǣ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ڴصȴ壬ڵȵ壬ԬڼжԵȴţʱﴫ˿˿ԬһϺüڲڿƵ飬ϺüŻҵĻԬĻŴҪҵĻȴֻĻǸÿסԼʹԬӵģ
Ԭ̽ûÿ嶼ῪƵ飬һŶĶһƽƵĻܵIPַÿԬȰװƽڻҵĵϣƽΪIPַּܣһܹƽĵƬֻ̹ԬĶͷĺˮۼԬ߻ûκζԬеżƵҶϵһ̣ԬƽȴֻĻһIPڵͼڳֳԬǾϲͳֻ绰ľɡ
ƽˣIPַƽˣҰѵַ㡣Ԭ߸ľɡľɼԬѵַ˫΢΢ɱ⣬ȴת˲ʧ
ãҲһľۼԬַȲҪܻ棬ʱҪܵʲô·ֻľЦȴֻǳֳ룬ָԭ̬ŤͷŽ˵
߰ɣҵǸˡ󣬾һûмʣŶľһͬǰǸַľȻҲżõһͬǰϾ֪״ΣҪż»ţοŽ£ýܵ˺


633ܹ

ľɴһ˺ƺƵԬĵַԬҲ棬ǰԬĵַչǰһʽľɳԬʾĵ˵ͷſţԷʲôⷢ
ǰ˰壬ű򿪣һ͵ĹܼңܼƼİģʶľǳȥ۹ܼκǳ⣬ľʼվſڣһҪ룬ܼ
ٲߣҾͱˡƾܼǳ⣬ʼ޶ԣʼҪӵˣɹܼô׾پͷǽȥء
ЩſڳֵĶһӷڴ˳ӳľеģһӴӣܼʶ˵ȴֻ˫ۣգգ۾۾ɴһϲ˵
㣬㣬㣬ǣ𡣡һϲ⣬·ûŮƵģֻ߳ſڣӴߵЩѣ˽µǰϸһӵΪǲ⣬ȴֻ»Ӧʽĵ˵ͷʾԼǽ£Ӽ³ϣ㼤ս˽µ֣뽭ֵĿ⣬Щһ㶣֪˵Щʲô
ûϹɣңķ˿ľɺԬζӳ£ԭĻܵģ ô˽µķ˿
û뵽С㣬ҵңЩ䣬Ϊλݡֱ㶵ŹܼңܼҸеΣЩ뵽ոչܼǳԼżӱŹܼڵ˵
Ͻ⼸λ˽ȥܼЩǷԼΪŭӣæ˵Ǹ漴ӭ뷿ڡܼҽڵĲŵǰŸȥæ顣
Ϻüŵ𣿡ľɼûڣֱӿʵϾԭĿĿɲǰȲģġ
ǣʲô𡣡ԶľóȻѯʺǲǰոնԽµ̬ȽȻͬʱӵĶľֻһ̬ȣľӵ̬ȣҲееȭͷɵýգһǹ۲쵽һ㣬æסľɵȭͷһǸ˵˴ǰĿġӶԻʱһЦòղǰȻͬ
һ󣬶ľɲ֪ʴϺüšΪŵһ֮ϣ֮£ټϹɶǸʩѹеѹɽһʱ֮䱩ʳʳԼѹҲΪˣŻ᳤֮͡ԿƵ飬Ϊ岻ߣڷ֣ǲ㣬ȥţһֱڼܹ˾ʲô飬ڼҴƵ绰һ͹󣬶ľɱʶظоҲǻˣȴ˵
С㣬ķ˿ҶˣƵ鱦ҶϲֻҪƵ鱦ͨͨһҼڷšǷ˿һ㣬ԼżҲĺ
µû뵽鱦ƻз˿ȻȻҲǿġľϸһ󣬶ɣȻô˵ѲǸ׻أȴֻߣľǲģһͬǰȴֻŽ˶¥һ׷䣬ǰڷŸʽ鱦Щ鱦ڽ˵ϤϤˣϾЩ鱦˶ٸҹƳģȻȻ̹ġ
ҽе鱦ڷֻҪеû£ҶǣΪ̫ˣûκһأǶһ޶ܱȡһ佱ҲǺܵȻϾúˮģܲ
ľⷬԻҲû̫࣬ϸѰһȴûпӰӣѯʵȴֻһϧ˵
ֻأСĴˣǽСƷϲģĸʮ٣ұ㽫̷š
ȷĸһֱ𡣡ľɼ׷ʵ
ôܲţǧеʱʱ̵̿İϣҲŸƵֱҹҵĹϣѵܶ˲ɡľⷬ
ĶԻʶʲôľɣֻĵĵͷ˼ʲô顣ǰĸ߱ųǰȻȻҲųˣֱϿˣ˭ܳء


634

Ǹܵı뿪֮󣬶ľɵЩͳˣǺܸǣһӾųˣһһûˣڲ֪ôӺδ
ܲã֮⣬һǹģڹиֹ˾ǿȥһˡԬԱ顣
ԣľɵĿʲô˾
˶š
ţ
ľ۾΢΢˾ֲǺϤҲʲôܳĹ˾
Уߣȥ˾ľαϵףԬǰ˶š
˶ſڣľ΢̧°ͣĸڹ˾ſм䣬˾ĹģǺܴҲϳֹ˾ģѾˡ
߽˾ȥ
ǰ̨һŲ˽һ˻һŲҾ徵˧òڵǰ̨һӾԼĹְأѯʲô
߽ˣǰ̨ŻعŶľɿݵӣϵĺɼǰ̨ʿˮֱĶŶľɡ
Ȼǰǰ̨Ҳְҵأ˼˻ľչְҵЦݣλ˭
ԬһԲͷĶľһۣ֪Զľɵǲ˵ģոǰֱ̨Ŀľɵڻδջﻬһ˿ҲŲǹ˾ܡ
ԤԼûԤԼĻǲϰġǰ̨¹û˿ҪľǿСģ
ľһ۽ǹϼᳰôС˾ҪǰԤԼܼӿ湻ġ
 ˵ľŵܲҪԬֱ˵ȻЩͷˡ
ǰ̨򴽣װһΪģĬ˰룬ŵðɣҸϰ绰ȥģҪǿжǿ
ϰ幫˾ˣ˵Ƕľŵģ˵Ҫ㡣ǰ̨ڶľɶǰҹ˾ܴ˸绰ȥ
ϰʲôġǰ̨ŤͷԶľ˵
ľƲƲššüԬ״ӹ磺˵Ƕľŵģ׵ġ
黹ûֱܲ˵Ǽɣһҹ˾ģҪֱ˵ǼµĻ϶ݾߵġ
ǰ̨ͷԬ˵ĻԵ绰ͷ˵һ顣
֪ͷ˵Щʲôǰ̨һߵͷһüѵ绰ҶϣתͷεĶԶľ˵˼ϰ˵ڻ£ͣλ˵ţ˸Ϳ͵ơ
һֱû˵ĶľͻȻڣϰڻڹ˾
̫û˵ˣ˿Щɳƣ͵ͳġ
ǰ̨򴽣ʶ˵ϰڹ˾
һڣ;ȵסԼ͡
֪ϰһ٣һ춼ڹ˾֮ǸɾܾľǵĻ棬һǲԸǣȴϰ塣
ǰ̨޲ҿ鶹ײԼȥԴǱ¿
ͬʱи̾һɫͷһѵ
ԣľɹ˹Ԭ˵߰ɡ
ԬֵĿ˶ľһۡ
֣δﵽĿľʹ˰ⲻǶľɵ簡
Ͷ˶ʲôҲûʣŶľ߳˹˾
ǰ̨Ŷľǵ޳ֱӰǹһЦİݿҪˡ
ˣᱻҲֵˡ
ߵ˾֮ԬſʣܲãľֱǸϰ岻ԸǣҾЩŹ֡
뵽 ľҲһ뵽
ľЦһΪһֱţ˼Ҿܳ˵һֱŲֺγɣ
ľɵķԬȻ˵ľôͻȻȥԭһ㡣
ֱڹ˾ŵĻ˶ŵйϵƱزǣҪţ׵λܵʤʾͻǿ࣬Ųţλܻѹ˾Լļңҹȥ
ڳھţĿŹ˾ſڣʱʱм˴߳ȥЩ˶Ҫҵ顣
ʱ򣬲ſ˶ŵܴ˳
ߵſڣһۣȷʲôûзʲôɵ֮󣬺Ըеһϵûôˡ
ߣ³ľɿڡ
³˶ܵķ˹ȥ
ܽ칤ôæľȻЦŵģ۵ȴֺЦⶼûС


635ǱŻ

ܵȻһת˶ľһۣȾǰܣǿʲôµĶһ
ͻȻǰܵ𣬶ľɺԬ˽һӦһʲôɸ˵ܣô᲻Ҽǣڼ֮أ
ԬͶľѧһЩģټЩҲǺܳȻǶľ˵Ķ֣ûܼ·ͱľǸ׷ˡ
Ԭܵĺ죬ʲô
ܱŵЩ£ԾɽƱûܣֻ׷ңҾʶǰˡ
¶Ļűľɾ۵ס
ոֻǴһкû˵ʲôܾͼǰˣⲻʲô
ô°ȻĿܡ
ҲܶľǲЦֻ̣ҪҵһܹѵĻ;ŹľôʣСװͷǵǵġ
ľϵЦͻȻסˣϺһƬʲôϵ
ľʵ⣬ϵĺʧԽԽȫ˭
ãȻӲ˵ѣľššü㲻ʶ
ܿľı飬Īͣһ£ʿˮ̽ԵʣǸӰ𣿡
ҲǸղŲǸӰʵ˽ⲢҲǺܰ۲Щţ֪ӰҲԱ۹
ţ㻹֪Щʲôľɵʡ
æҡҡͷûˣʲô֪
ʵ˵ѣǼȻûĻΪʲôڼǵһ̾ܣѽ͡
ղΪʲôҪܣԬʡ
Ĩɣȴڸľ䵭Ŀཻʱ˸顣
ıЩ죬˵ʲôӣû
ľ΢΢üеĲͷɼ
һھҪ˵šΪ˾͵˰©˰ˣһΪ˰Ǳߵģҵǹ˾͵˰©˰ҪץңıܣҲŻܡ
һ˵Ǻ֮ ְһ˽ⲻ̵ģ
۾ǲƭ˵ģǸղʱûһ˿ңϸıɻ󲻽⡣
ĲʶԬȷʡ
ܵͷǧȷ
֪ľǲΪ͵˰©˰һ֮ķԾͼˣڿľɵʱﻹǻȻȻ¶¡
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ڿ𣿲ǿԲҪҵĹ˾͵˰©˰齲𣿡ڨڨЦ
վڶľǰĶϾѾðһ亹֪ǲΪãЩ
ľûشĻü
ֻǸСආѣ˵ûʲôϵĻʹ˭˼Ƭ̣ʣǸֹ˾԰ɣͷ˭
ܴҲ˵ʵĻ뿪ʵش𣺡ʵҲ̫˽кܶҷֹ˾˶˾ֻһңҲûмĿ
Ԭ׷ʣ֪֮ǰûһʦʫƵģѾˡ
ͷƺڻ룬Ĭ˰룬ͷǵģһ˵ǸʦƵҲ˵ģϲʦƵƳ鱦ܼ˶٣ں油䣺Ȼûм棬ǰǶϵģʱ䲻֪ôҲϵˡ
ԬһУ֪ôжϣľɡ
ľɵͷǰ鷢˫۾ڵ޷ʲô
ţ֪ˣˡľ
ɫһ٣˾Ͱ˸
ϻǱЦݣЦ֪ҲˣҲҪһ飬ո˵͵˰©˰飬ǻûлشҡ
ľɱһƣЦһֽǰסģ¶
Ҳˣæ㵽״𲻴Ӧ£
Ͼ͵˰©˰±Ļһܷ飬Ҳٷɡ
ľɵɨһ۾ûʲôûǸйȥܱ˵飬Ҫǲ뱻˷ʲôԼЩոá
͵˰©˰ºܶ๫˾ûôйȥġ
ľ˵ǿŵҲˣõ ллľܡ


636ǰԼ

Ԭ뿪ӰʣܲãĻֻǻ˶𣿡
ľ°ͣͷûղ˵ҼϰϲʫƵ鱦⼸⼸ϵˣһè塣

صľңľƿţյģûнµӰľīͫ˰ʧ۵׻
˴ϣ޳ָ⿪ĵһŦۣ¶Ըеľɿϣ΢أһƬ⡣
汼һ죬˵۶Ǽٵġ
ʱǰɡһſˣ´˽
죬ľϤȻһҲȾ˼Ц⡣
ոȥˣľ߽£ָһСɵı
¾еţ̣ҡҡǳһЦ¶СС֪ۣԾ͸ȥ˱ţ̣㰲ڻȵġ
˵ţţ̵ݹȥ
Ŷҡţ˿˿˳űԵƮɢɢ㡣
ľĹ˴ϣӹţ̣°ͣ۽һбƯԸеĺһ£еţ̱ûһ롣
˴ʱֻһȭͷľ룬۲쵽ľɣ˳ſݵ£䵽ԱߵǿŵɫСϡ
ģȴôۡ
һ½һµ¹Ҳ´
ľע⵽µߣڿʱҲһֱĿϣ촽Ķ촽ˮģɫ
һţ̺ܿͱˣľ䴽¶һĨЦݣ볢ţʲôζģ
¶Ǳȵ׵ţ̣⡣
˻ʲô
ûӦһԶصĺɶϢıζı
걻һʪ΢ĸסˣǻţ̵ĵζ
³˲۾ľɾһ
˵ľʱúܽûһ½ë޾ͻڶľһ£ģľͻȻͰǵࡣ
ǳ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱо´ʱľɲŰɿ
һֿ²Ÿܵĸо˶ľһۣвã´ܲܲҪҵ촽ˣʹ
ľЦЦͷĴһ£ϲҪǾÿĻҲԿҵģôУҶᱧԹһ䡣
ʶıҧ´ δϵлڣҧҧ
ûûƤĻľôĲ˵ģ
ӡ棬ɧ˰
̧ۣ϶ľ˫ֱ˫һ̫ȣ̵ĸһһ
֪ⲻȥҪȻܿĻ
򴽣תƻ⣺㲻ȥ˶ҵʲôûУ
ϣľɿԭͿԲΪÿ춫ˡ
ǲŸս飬˭Ͼͷ飬³˾Щ֮⣬Ǿÿϧ
ֵʱ⣬ִҵ۷ڣǶľһźӡ
Ȼ֮ǰ֣ȻԴ˸е죬Ҳû
Ҳ֪Ǹôµôݵġ
˼뵽⣬µͻȻ͵
ŽǶԵͳӣľɱ֪뵽ʲôˣϸķ˿ḧ˸ڣ뵽ʲôˣҪϹ룬һᴦõģȥ˶ûҵɱ֣иɵĶ󣬻˶Ķ³ϲʫҲǰƵɱ⼸ʧˣҲϵҾһЩǣ
ºúһ¶ľɵĻ۴䶯㻳ɾǸ˰ɱģһ׼ô
ʫƵַһȻǸôϲƵƷһ֡
Դӽµ긽֮ûʫַˣȻרʫصƷѾܾûˣⲻ°ǸƷˡ
һֱֻûеطʩչóĻᣬȻǸе˵ġ
µͷãƳ֮׼ô
һᣬǸ˸ľɵ˵

˼ƻ֮󣬽±ץʱˣ£ֻһʱͰ˳
ľɰԬԸȥڹٷ֤Ķľŵ΢ϷһʫƵ΢ȥ


637һӵ

ֱֻӵ΢棬ˢһҳ棬עһ΢ӳ
ľŹٷ֪ʦʫǰµһֱ˾Ҫһλϲˡ
滹ͼƬ
µȥͼƬƬŴһЩɫмһɫˮıʯһµɫС׹
ʫƵķ
ͼƬĬã˳ȥۡ
ʦƵ𣿡
ȻʦƵ鱦ǱȽ϶أһǰһĸо
ͬ¥ϣֻӢţʦ̫ˣƵ鱦Ȼ࣬ÿһ˷ǳϲҪӵһʦƵ鱦ͺˡ

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638

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639ûв֮

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ڽ¾ѵԱʱѵһ˲˲ĶֻľɺͽЩĲɵģûע⵽Ŀ⡣


640ǸԾ

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641

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ǸŮԼڵڶ档
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Ů˺·ҵ˶ľɵİ칫ңһҲǵһˣ˾һڵԱҲûô·
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²ΪʲôΪʲôͻȻǿ䱦һЩ鱦


643²

㲻֪Ҷ˶Ϊ𣿡һı顣
Щ鱦ǴģƳһ׹ﻬƸӵ
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644²

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ͬʱ룬ľʲôʱܹһ𰡣ǾͨͨĹӶѣΪʲôһЩ鷳
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646²³

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ϰһЩ黹һЩС裬ҪǲϸĻһۿȥֻǾһͨѡ
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648ҾԮ

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Щû뵽˵־ȻôãһȺ˶ɵˣͻȻľɻ˻ӰӣǼƼľɵĶɵòһ£ʶֵסԼǵ˼룬ȴûи֮ܵеı
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ǰƬǻ¼һԺǵãڻ֮ǰƳǸŮ˰εġ
ҧҧ´ע⵽ĻܵĹЩ谵ѹֵգֻЩ
վΪܣֻܿ˫Сĵš
𶯡ͻȻһ䵭Ů
ǸŮ˵˵ƾʲôҹҷųȥ
ҲЩˡ
Ů˲Ϊ뿪
ֻҪԸǣߣȻǿԵġŮ˰˷һأͻȻ
µ۾ͻȻߴ̵ЩۣͻȻĹЩӦգգ۾Ӧ
ʲôΪ˲ܣ񣡡·޷޵˵
֪⼸Ϊǵ£ʧعٴˣƢһֱģֻҪ˲Ҳȥұ鷳
ԭǵвҲˡ
죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱһ
Ϊ֤ĲɣƳǣûоΪЩܣľһһ˵ÿһֶǴＷģÿһֶŨҵŭ


649ºãҰ

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ľ棿
ܹȥҪȥţߵſڣȴһ˫ָס͡
ʵ㣬˵ҶŮƽɻﻰⶼŨŨľ֮⡣
±˵һ仰ֻܴӺ﷢һ
۰Ͱ͵ĿȱŵĴţȴʲôҲˣľֻһ֮ȴǸһޱ߼ʵĴһ㡣
һԭ򣬻һԭרһ鱦Ҫԭ򡣡Ƴһ⡣
Խµ׼ȷ˵ӦǶʫȰˮһ
ľɿƳİ⣬ɫ˳Щѿ
һʦֻҪ˵һҲƵģαҪֶΣ˶٣ֽ˵ųɣƵġ
Ƴﴽ۽΢΢Ϲ𣺡˵أҪꡣ
Ҳ̲ˣ˼ǸŮ˵ǸŮץʵץ̫ˣ޷ѿ
ͻš
ЩˣͻȻ뵽ʲôһڰ׷תתڵĴ
ȵϢŮϣܿ죬ľʪһƬŮü΢һЩ
ҲǳɵĿӣþȫѿˣȻߵſڣȥһԱߵİť
ڸոձǸŮĹУ͹۲һܣʩܼ򵥣ֻһӻмӣƳϢĵطǽϵǸƿص⣬ֻһԱߵǸˣԽ¾ͲǰŴŵĿء
Щܵſڵʱûƺȣžһ˵ȥ
ŪЩҲˡ
Ƴǲõ򴽣ڸʲôŪôĶ
ǸȥҲڶǸ񿴡
ľüǸͨĲͨ
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Ƴע⵽ľɿߣɫߵԣڵסˡ
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ܣԲûŮ΢ͷǸ˵ͷסİ
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ҪȥסľɣǸܼ·ֱ۾ͱץȥƳһɫΪ߾ƳǾӸµĿ
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Ů⣬˼£Ҳû䵭˵Ƴǣſ
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ѣƳǶȻץ֣ȴЩﻬһ˿Qʦûб˼ֻҪһ鱦ҺϲƵƷƵ鱦ÿһʽһһЩģ٣û򵽣һֱźҪһһ޶鱦
ڲƳǰһЩ֮󣬽¾ͳɹ֣ʱ仰תͷһֿû˵ѵӡ
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ӵһôʵķ˿⵽һֵÿĻֵѹ飿
򴽣һ֪ǸղƳǷô£ɫҲȸղŻ࣬һЩһ͸˵ҪҰ鱦ҲӦ㣬ʵûҪЩν֮١
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ҾܾңԲŰԸ˵ðĵطʦ
£˼бð
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ǸһҲˣ̾˿ûˣֻҪԺҪˡͻȻʲôһһתˣҪҸһһ޶鱦Ҫʲôģǽָʽģ


650ˮ

Ƴ룬һɡǰƵû򵽣һֱûܻ⡣
ڼһɫˮɣʦܰһ϶һ޶ڲͬ𣿡
һ޶ڲͬ
Ũܵĳ޴ͶһСӰ
û˵Ƴǵֱó뵽ոҪƺеΪˡ
ƳЩ˼˵˼Ҫеˡ
ҡҡͷǣֻôƳһⲻͬҴӦ㣬һƳģġ
ԣƳһ
ߵ칫Աߵóһĺӳߵߵݸ
¿ǸµСӣ滹һϸСëĿʲô
ˮʱƵĻͰˮȥƳ˵
µͷѺӽӹѺиǴ򿪡
һɫˮ棬һ޲óƳǷǳϧˮ
ˮӨ͸ģɢϹ⡣
ʮֺÿ
¿ˮʱҲסˣָˮаϸ۵ֱɫˮеĸӰ𪡣
ˮܺáʡ
ƳЦЦȻãõˮҪõõ鱦ȥֳļֵ
ˮӦõӦõλȥ
ˮ£ʮֵķģңڵõˮʱҪʫˣֻûãʹѶˮҲͱһֱ˳棬ûó
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ãİɣһƳһܺõ˴ϡ
Ƴ⻹ǽµһǰ¶ĵЦݣ֮ǰǼЦݴ󲿷ֶŷ֮⣬ƤЦⲻЦġ
㡣
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ͻȻһ£²ľɻվߣȻǰһôãһɡ
תͷЦЦǰοֱ£Ҫ
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˵ôˣոտƳĵĻͦĵġľĵ˵ġ
ж˶óеĲԼƮ̫ƽĴζˡ
ľһûסһЦ˳
̧ͷʱȴֶľɵɫȸղŻҪѿ˺ܶࡣ
㻹Ц԰ɣ֪ղʲô𣿡ľҧгݵ˵
ʵ¸Ƴ˵ô໰ǽ´Ǹ֮󣬳˸տʼǾ䡰ɡ⣬һֱûĻˣô֪ܲ˵ƫƫˣһǵ棬ºһɻ󲻽⣬ĵط
̾һһ֪е˾ȻǰˣСӵƢȥСӻҪѺ塣
úúãҵĴҲӦú㣬˵ô໰´βˣܹԭ𣿡βģЩζڶľֱϲ˲䣬һ顣
ľɴעǸֱҲŮˣѵﷺᡣ
Ȼ仰ܷܣȴܳԽһУֻҪ͸ͷ˵һԲ£Ҳܹԭԭ
ľЦʲôʱôûԭˣ
žǴӸһ֮ʼİɡ
䴽ߣؼҡ

ӦƳ֮󣬽±ֿʼ
ҪƳڲͬô׵飿ϵǲƵģȻԶǸ˼άòϣεƣȷʵеѡ
һ죬µͼҲֻһ벻
ϣľɴԡ֮󣬾Ϳſϣһյӣͷߵߣƽӡ
ôˣ顣
û£е㷳û˼·ˣ֪±ʡЩա
ǵľ⣬ľȻ۵ģڽ۾һǣô࣬ҪȻǾͱˡ
ľѾ뵽»ʮľܾĻ˽⽭µԸ񣬼ȻӦ˱ˣǾһúõȥ


651鱦չ

Ȼ仰ʱһ¾ͽͷ̧ĸ֡
ɣܡ
ľЦЦصһеİ취
ԣͽȻһϵƣ֮ʱʧɢһʣʲô취
ڳǱи鱦չȥĦĦһЩСľҲûµθڡ
鱦չ᣿²ȷʡ
ľĵĵͷ
ãҸһȥɡڽѾûǷ֮ˣһԪ
ʱע⵽ľһ׵̬ǰϣȶľɸ˺üͷԿ΢΢ԡǿ˶ؼ
Сɫļǿ׳ļ⡣
ֱǾ䡣
Ը̾һ䣬ȻľϴССļⶼ˶Ҳ ÿοʱͶǻе첻ѡ
ľҲע⵽˽µСЦЦ˯ˡ
ؼټԸеɤ¾Ҫ˹ȥƮ첻ߴ˻ͼϣʿˮǿװ򶨣ȥ¡
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£
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һˣҪ˰ůһҪͼأȥ˯ɡǰ仰Щζ
ϣľȴֱץס֣ưϵ˴ߣһɤ˵޳ܵĻھ˯ȥμ鱦չᣬܶУһ
䣬¾ͱƵ˴ϡ
Ĵȥ֡
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ڶ죬Ǳѵġ
ΪǵҪȥμչᣬҳҲһξ룬ȥҲҪһСʱҡչʱʮһ㿪ʼ
Խ¾Ͷһߵӵӡ
ϱӳѵʱͷǻģ첻֪ľڵӲ˯һƬʹĸоҲڵɢôأڴһ²Ÿоʹʧ˲١
ֳ˯˯գ֣Ȼ˯ĻǸûаѣҲǣµ˯һֱȶľɵǳһ紵ݶѣЦЦ۴΢ţŶľɱȳһĿͣһ˵
֡ɣСɣ
ľɳ΢۾˯ѵе롣
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ľۣԵŮЦ¶ССгҲЦСɵıһ£
һ²ŷӦղ˵Ļľһֱ©˽ȥ
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¶žӻһױɫͰ𪣬Ϳ̫ķ۵ҺյмСߣⲢӰ覸ǼСڸһ£ȻͿһں죬ǻһױˡ
žŮˣһ˫鶯۾СɵıһС죬ĴκܺÿϴиССĴ飬´ȥһ㡣
κŮ˶аģҲ⣬źúõľӳһ֮߳ȥ
ľ֮ϴ˸ŪˣʱһֱڵȽ£Ůϴʱһ˵Ҫһ㣬ԶľҲûдߴ
³ľ϶ס˹⣬³úƯҪվһȺŮмĻҲֻǺƽһڶľֻҪǾǸ
ƩڣϲûлŨױȴһֺۣĸоľοصͷϣ»ôƯҪȻڽеۡ
°Ż˲һͼװŸľǰȥС
һСʱ֮˲ɹִĿĵء
εչһչģչĵصҲǸҡ
˸ǰıʾһ뺯֮ͳɹȥˡ
չҲˣҲȦģЩ˽ҲʶʱҲк
ҲμչᰡһʱеŮߵʡ
µͷЦ԰һУһЩزġ
ǺɰҲеģͷƵĹɲŪ
ָһ֮󣬾뿪ˣȥ鱦


652ͼֽ͵

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ȵĿ£޿ˣպ˵ģɨһΧˣѹٿˣúÿЩ鱦Ҳһôƣ㶢ҿҸ޷
׵ı飬ȴöľɸоһ˿£ľЦһ£ƯԸеĺ΢΢һ¡
Щÿ
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ЩЦľ̫ìˣȻô˵ǵҲûһֱˡ
һ·ȥ鱦ΪǸƳؿһط
ҪҵͼֽԱһ£ûҪĵط˵ţͰҪͼ
ȴûϤֽ
Ϊͼ۵Խ³ŵʱѡһȽϴİװĶҲ٣һ֧ں죬һЩС
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ȻƸݲ࣬Ҳһһҹݰ
ίͰ͵ģľɵҲһһģοȱ𼱣ϸ룬ǲǳŵʱǴˣ˵Ƹڻڷ
ҡҡͷܣҼǵҰƸŽ˰ģʱӦҲˡ
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Ĵʩϸ񣬶Ҫʾ뺯ܽǸֵôģôĿ֮°Ƹ͵ߵģ
ȥءľǣŽµ֣ļҡ
ȷƸʲôʱ򶪵ģľɰѼػǽ֮Ǹʱ䡣
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жϣǸ͵ƸŮҲʦ ҪȻҲ뺯ֻ벻ףΪʲôҪ͵ģ
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ŶľϸһЩ鱦
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ϸСӹɣмһˮ״ˮˮɫʮֶأвʺɫڵĵƹ£߲ˮηһһĹâԵ貶ĿЩۡ
µе㷢ˣڳֻܿеϧˡ
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µǲĹ
ҲǵʦһְҵˣһЩÿ鱦ʱǻ̲סͣ½Ųúùһ
վһԵĶľĲ׽۵׵ľ޻ϲüƵɤʣϲԸԼһ
µҲ̾һЩεҡҡͷƯˮҵ
ƳǸǿɫˮ߲ˮˮе
ľû˵ѾﰵһһҪҵһ⻹ҪƯӦ˵ҪƯˮ


653ʱԶ

û˵뷨ֻǲϣΪһʱûĻ»ʧȥѰҡ
뿪ʺˮĳתȥط˿ûһΪƵĻǰͣ½Ųÿһϸڶ濴һ飬ϸ΢Ĳŵ㶼
ֱ֮˲Żȥ
չתôãȻڳһСʱʵʹ»ص֮󣬾һͷ˴ϡ
ڴϵʱ򣬴˵
±۾Ҫһû뵽ţ˯˹ȥɵ֮ȫҲӡ
ľһͿڴϵĽ£εҡҡͷͷ
ߵߣѽ½µЬӸ˽ߣһֳ˯˯գ촽΢΢ſ֮¶һССķ϶̵۽ںͶһƬССӰ֪ǲجΣüͷţţľɵüͷҲ
εʲôüͷ
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ľ˴ϣѵ۾˿Ҳ
˽ºһҲ˯˹ȥ
ȵѹʱѾǰ׵ɫ
»ƿΪ˯ѵԵʣͷԻЩģʶǺ΢ķ䶥һ룬¶İĿǰŷŴ˵˯գϳǶľɣ۾Ӵ
ûпƣټϴҲǺŵģʱĹЩ谵´ϣߵش߰ѺصĴ
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Сһģû뵽Ȼֱ˯ϣǵҵʱңʱ㣬Ҳˡ
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ȴûûµӰһ´ӴҲվڴ̨ߵĽ¡
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Ϊ𴲵Եʣͳдϼְơ
˵ʱȵϢڽµĶԱߣЩ²һǼŶľϺŵζζζ£̲ס˼ڡ
Сִ˶ľɵֱϣͷ˵˯ˡ
ľɴӱ﷢һšȻ۾ڽʱ⣬ôŽ£ʲôҲҲúˡ

ϣ³˷֮󣬾ͻص˷óµһͼֽ
һƬհ׵ͼֽ̾һƸ屻͵ˣҲҲˣֻܹһˡ
ãչѧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ๹˼˵ƵűһŻҪһЩ
һ룬ûΪű͵Ƹʧˡ
𻭱ʣһһĿʼ
ģ棬ʱͷмƻЩͣ¶ͷ쵽ȥɴֱһβˬˬġ
ʱһֻ֮ͻȻͣ¶뵽˼ֻ֮
ľ֪ƣڷŵԳԹ֮Ҳûлطȥ鷿һ԰˼Ŀռ䡣
鷿ȴʲôҲȥĶǽ£ļϵ֣һҲûȥ
˹ε̾һ
ԽԽ벻ˡ
ʵ뽭ľɸɴͽ־ߵ˷ſڣĿһ죬۾濴ȥǰһֽ֧ϻţģ档
⸱ģľʵ˼ȥš


654¹ʫһƷ

һǹ˼֮뿪ˣ
ص鷿ԾǾķҵģԭΪһ۽֮ľͻᰲû뵽Ϊһ ĳˡ
鷿һ̾
Ϊȥһ˯ĸСʱڵ˿ⶼûУ
ôоһϣȴʲôܷеϧˡ
ľҡҡԴ
ϣ鷿ɹġ

ڶһ磬ľɴſһޣڲӻֱ۶ʹվһָвӣߵ
ƿţȻһſϵģ컭һϵĸӣﻮһ˿ۡ
ߵߣ񾲵ľɱֱѹŵţѾһˣĳƷˡ
ǲʲôһ۾ˡ
۾ͬʱ죬˯ʵĿŶľɣ۾ʵȥ˰һ϶û㡣
仰ľͻȻɢˣ΢ɲĳ鴤һ£⵽Ĵڸ̫˻ǽûŵأȻһϲȥ
ľһ½µͷЩãҪ㾡ɣһ϶鷿û㡣
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ľĵһ£ҲѹˣĿ˶ľһͻȻֿЦ Цֹס
ľɳ˳ǶԼЦԼЦôģѵΪ˯ѣ۽ʺ
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Цʲôľɽü΢塣
Ƽɫɫ¼þգϵЦݣ̧֣ôаϸָľɵ˵ֺܴһӡӡ
ȻѾûЦˣǶľɻǿóڼıЦ
ҪǷϵĻҲЦôģǣӡƫƫͷ˶ľϣϣôúܹŻһ±ﲻסЦôġ
ľɵɫѿˣȥý¿Լ
ӡӴžſϣѹϵһЩԲγɵġ
¿ڵɫεĹЦ˺ˣЦˣʵ˵ӡԵɰˡ
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ɰ
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ڽľȴɰһ ʱʱĳһСףȻһСƢЩڽԵøɰ
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ҵƸ嶼ˣͿȥ¼ľˣæת˸⡣
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ܽ¸˽ӴˣƳǸ˿µòرİۣ֪Ƴϲʫ
ЦЦá
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