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1 

죬ߡ׷
վסܡ
ȥߣȥϱߣˣһ׷
ҹĴϣһȺŻѣڷ׽ɱ˷
ոϯңɱϯҳһʮ˵ɱ˷涼ûзŹһʣȫɱˡ
صѪصʬ壬𺳣Ŀġ
ŲҰȴһŮġ
ϯǽŴЩѾܲˡ
˫մϯҳ˵ѪûܣҲץС
ץˣ³һҪҡ
ȴ
ϯֶȴޱȣһ˫۾ںڰУҲį}ˡ
ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
Ϊ˱ѩޣݷʮ꣬Ŭʮꡣ
ڣһգˡ
˳һӡ
˺ֻʣһҪԷһûΪԷ
ʲôô񶾵һˣ͸ȫȥ
ţҲǺˡ
ûúñ˸һ
죬˰
ͻȻһͷˣϯ״ȼܡ
һŮӣǸɱʮ˵Ůӣܵùˡ
ˣԽԽкԽԽ󣬿ǰӣϯһ󼤷ܡ
ӣո䣬ƹôͼһĺӣϯҲû룬һԾһͷȥ
ˣˡ
ϯˮǰ߻˾ֵĴϯﲻˣ׼ĵһûɱôˣܻ
׼
Ϊ˱ѩޣҲˣڣҲȥҼˣҰҰд󰢵ܣܡ
һڣҲȥԲˡ
ﰢܵʮ꣬Ҫٲȥǲˣô죿
ĺùŮ
ڳңǷµĴֻˡ
ˮӿۿڱǣѣؿʹʶȥȴһһںˮ
ˮЩȣζš
ϯǺһЦ˶ҪˣȴƽϺˮȲȡ

С㣬С㣬һѣС㣬جˣһѡ
ϯһȥﰢʱԺǰѾݵ
ݡΪ˻̫̫ʮӣˡĹѾߡ
ѵ˵ݣ


2 

С㣬ˣǲجˣūд󺰡
Сˣǵš
ϯɴ۾ɫأĿⶢͷϹŵЩϤİɵɫþԶļ䣬ƣʱŵġ
šľӴΧһž黨վֻߴߴϲȵһֻϲȵ۾Сʱȥģһϲȵ۾ˣ˶ۣȡЦһ
ڹȥ봲Զһľ⻨ױ̨һϤĵͯȤٶκУģǷٶͯȤͼҲ̵ֵģʮʱ͸
ʱʲôҲûߣޣƴƵģҪϣͬھ
ִκУֻǣǿյģζϯҴ󷿵ˡ
棬װһЩȥ˳ҡ
κУһӣɱһš˵һֻҲǳ޵ѡ
С㣬㡭ôˣô۾ֱģǲˣΪǱجˣæȥ֣С㣬ػ꣬ūأС㲻¡
ݵС㱻Ŷ˻ǣе
ʹϯ
û¡
ʹϯһʵ
ˡ
С㣬ȵȣ¯ŵˮūȥЩˮˣˣͺˡ
»˳ȥƬ̺󣬶һˮ
ӷϣóӴʪšˮȻСϵա
С㣬һجζѣ£ū澾˯ڴǰĽ̤ϣū飬С㲻һˡ
ΪС㵨СجΣˣݹ˵ţС׳
ϯգգ۾ܵϵĦʪˮգգ۾Ȼ͵ģˮȱڵˮһһ
С㡣
ݣ
ūڣС㣬ʲôԸ㾡˵ˡٿȥ̫̫үô죿
С㣬Ҫū澸㽲Цɣ
ƽСϲЦһЦʱСЦһ졣
ǣʾ֭һЦСûģԽżԽ벻
ҲЦңʲôʱ򣿡ϯﲻˣƺùϵӣĨһᣬʵ
ʱһ㹦С㣬һЩʱҪˣ˯Ҫ˯ţū澾˵˵


3 ҹ

ǣ㣬Ǻ£
С㣬㡭ôǰܸ̫̫һ׳ͷ棬ʮӣ˵ܸҲ̫̫ǰ㱸ļױ㻹ܸţ˵ʮӣǼһĽãԺҪʡ֧ÿշˣɶһһһ̫̫˵ֵٳԵ˭ҹӣŮܼױǴٳġС㣬⻹ǰյ£ôˣ
һţΪС㱻ɵˡ
ҡҸجξѣԺģûȫѡϯһڣԺУȴܸ֮¡
ϯҶǴܸһº󣬼̶գﰢʧ٣󰢵ܲأʬױݲᣬƼޡ
ֻܸ֮ĵ賿îʱ˾ݳɽɽ£ֵġ
ʱȥӦü
ϯ͵ɳ©δʱü
ϯƿЬݣҪȥһˣ㲻Ҫү̫̫֮Ҿͻ
С㣬ҹģҪȥݾˣæС㣬С㣬ģʲô£ǵʱţУū澲ȥڹ¡˵ģһôү̫̫
ûһϯﴩЬȥ£ݼˣ·С㣬ҹģǵóȥǾʹūһȥȻūҲһ˳š
֪С̬ȼ֣ȰˣȻȰˣǾСһţʲôħֵģҲС㵲һ
Ȼڹ¡ˣҲ¡
ϯŴ죬ŴӦš
ݼˣūȥ·
ҹģСˣֻһ£ҪţüӴһײС
С㣬䣬ഩһ
ݻСһ
ϯţ棬ֿԼӣӵ⻨¹óһϲ걡ƤϣסСӡ
ͶˣݾͼС˽Ӷ˳˻
죬˵ʲôСһƳŵòһĻͲҳˡ
Ͷˣŵĳš
һ֮һߴﹾ࣬Ĩڳ˺ݳǣֱɽ


4 ׷ɱ

ɽ뺼ݳʮ⣬Ǻݳɽ֮һҲǺݳķ羰ʤ֮һɽɽȪˮʯˮٵѧ·ǹ͵
кݳɽ£֣ɽϡ
Ȼһ֣޹ء
ڵϹҹһҵ׷ɱڳһȺˣ׷˵ĳ벻š
һؿڣһųײײĴɽϱֻǣյɽ£ͱ׷ˡ
ԷƵȻһɳ˰ٶɱɱʮȫΪ˻
ҲһƬֻʣ׷ᡣ
׷һ·һ·ѾƣŽ׷Χĵĺˣɱ
ɱ
һ˿ڣѸ˻Žӭȥ˲һ
ûвμսֵĺˣΧǴתѰҳ
һѽʩչˮƼɹأתȦûҵһ˿ˣȴĽɱһʣһˣܿ·硣
սĺ˼״æٵ油ȥ
һ˲ƽһʱ֮䣬Ȼʤ
ϵ˿ڣڵεδѪҲʧ죬Ҫ˵ʱ̡
֪Լܵһ£ԼͻΪ˵ĵ»ꡭ벻뱻˵óѡ
ƾһʩչһĽѸȡ˵
ȻΪ׵ĺ֮ʷһ£һĴ˳ؿڣ֮أһָͷ
ͷһѪн䣬Ҳȥ
һǣƤӲ˼£ŬԼάѣҪƤȴԽԽء
Ŭ˼ΣʧܣɬһЦû뵽룬ȻҲһգΪ·ԵλҰ
Ǻǡ
벻ϱ۾ȴĸоȵѪӿ壬ԽԽ䣬ԽԽ͡

һֱɽϣŰݣú󣬲ŷŷһ˻ƵģսսС㣬⡭ҽݵȥɽקţ㡭Ҫʲôѽ㡭ǸС㣬ҪǱ̫̫֪ˣιȥ
˭ǧС㣬ҹĳţӴĸҰҹȥҽݵţвǡ


5 

ôף񷨲ݵ£ҪǴȥСɾˡ
ǾͲҪ̫̫֪ϯ侲㲻˵Ҳ˵̫̫ҲͲ֪
˵ţвĿ⣬ݡ
ŵᣬ˵˵ū澲˵ίūҲ˵
˵ˣͷһľ
Ȼ̫̫Ϊ˺ܺãû򷣹ˣΪûһĴ̫̫һ
С㣬쵽ɽˣǰǡƿӣɽ壬Ҫǰ
ϯԴһۣͷԸ򣬡ٿһЩע·Ͽûŵˡeûˣ͵ùˡ
ϯС㣬ǰ·ſˡ
ϯﻰ䣬;ֺ
ϯæͣƿȥ·һĸˣɫ̫ڣòϯժһյƣ˹ȥ
ֻĸУǺˣ͸͸ģûˡ
Ψдһɫֱ֣մѪգ쿴ԭò·ӣ΢΢ЩҲŵģƺ֪ˣһ˫۾
纣·Ҫ̴һ
һȶڣôˣ˵ĺأٳһҡдˣˡ
һͻȲϯ̫Уʹÿĳ룬˼֡
Ѿҽҩ䣬һ˹
˻ҽҩ䣬ץųְƬ̺󣬾ͷ£̫أʧѪ࣬øϽϴ˿ڣѪҩ뵽뺼ݳǻһʱĳ̣æĿڵ˰ˣﱸһƿѪҩӣȥ껨һ˲κʮֹصҩĺһƵģһֱҽҩűãѲѪĸˡû뵽յǾ㣬Ҳ⼸£ݳûѲѪĸˡ
ȻˣգҲͲܾˡ
һƿҩ裬ֵƣҲ֪ϯС㣬ʱܸܲĳѣȻҪˡ
ϯҵĳͣϯĴ󰢵ӹǲãϯÿĶϯ˽⣬֪ǸˣƣȣҾԾΪΣΨһ㲻õģǴ˱Ƚ롣
磬ʱ˿̣ӦøϽôôɣ˵ôࣿ


6 Ŵ

ϯＱˣóһöǲǻҪϴ˿ڣˮţݲģʣºܶ࣬ݣȥϰˮ

Ŵ˵ݣС㺰æȹӣȥ
ϯ򣬡㿴ҪҪŪȥپΣ
òãխתѣҹҲû·ᵲ·
ֶϯ˵ϯС㣬Ҽǵ⸽һӣóȥŪˮͳǵˮǲˮװһˮóϵС¯£ϵڶ࣬˵أͳǵˮ²á
һ߷Ըϯһߴҽҩļвóһȭͷһİ״ƿȻűƵģƿǣһöһںҩӣ
ҲˣȻ·ʬ嶼ҪӲˡֿʼɵˡ
ˣˣһϢҲûԼιȥ
ҩӣŭĿóϯС棬ϵ·ˣ¶ؿ˵һ˿ڡ
ϯС㾹ȻţҲûá
üϯСһۣת
Ǻݱ·һƬĴҽҲڱ·ǱߵϦˮ֣мϦˮ֣ȥ궬¿ʼųȥϦˮһΣҽݾڳӵĸڣȥʱɿͳӵĴƹҽſ˵
ļʮֺãĿˣټһΣϵá
ΪϵãΪҽʱŻúϣûʲôͼı졣
ֻǣϯС㣬һ
ӦϯСġ
ҹһеС㣬һˣܵɽôԶͷ˼ˡ
ڳ˼ת֮ʣϯѾԸȥȡˮҲһˮ滹һӡ
裬ϣҹʱϴģڵдô
ֹѪˮϴ˿ڣȻϽǹҩһֿ٣˿ûͣ١
ϯС㿴Ŀת
ϯС㣬ݰ˷ҸáͻȻڵ
ϴ˿ڣһУɰҪóţܰ˿Ķס˷


7 

ȡˮûҲϯСܰæ
ĶСȥİӹŰӵӣԸ£
ɣëëģeĺȡϯǰһСķų
ԹĶëˣĶϺˣС㣬˼ҵСĸˣ
ǰϯΪ˸ʮ꣬ȴǵصصϴ|Ůһ
ʧֻķ򣬵еӣǣϯСһӺ͸ˡ
Щգ˿̺ڣ
ȻǵһμǰʱѾһʬ壬Ӳɷڹײ棬ʱҲͿһۣͱˡ
֮ĸѾߵҲ˵£֪Ըţðɣһˡ
ǳңദˡ
ϯС㣬˵ص˿ڣѾˣλӵϣ첲ϣ˵ˡһ߰˴˿ڶǳϴһϴõǹҩĨϣģǵȻغݳ˵֮˻ˣˡ
˾ͺá
ϯ΢΢˳һۡ
뻹ӲţûιȥҪǳŲס˯һģǲẦ㡣
ҡ͡ͻء
ȻҽݰɣӣȥؼһðѼĳŻˡϯСĻ
һˣĵ飬ݴȣҲĥϱǰѶϱԼŮһ۰ǰֻǳһڤ|ޣҲδѹȶĸϱҪá
˵ϱзųţжŮϥºţûУԣΪĸףҪ룬Ӷһݡ
ɣôõţôܲΪŴء
ӱͻȥðŸŸǵȳһЩٻȥɡ
üɫһȥ
СѾͷҪ첻ɣĻ⡭ǵӴˡ
뵽ĸףʱͷ
ˣȰٻȥȻĸ׼⸱ӣҪβɡ


8 ʶ

ȡˮˣæС¯ӣˮȣʣµļС˿ڣȫһһϴһ飬ϽǹҩѶɴȫ˳ϣȻ˺
ͷʻݳǡ
ϣϣϯĶһֱϱϢϯ˵˺ü飬ҲֻĻһֱԼѡ
ǳҳÿӣҲǺݳӣټݣ᳾绪ɫ£ֻǣأĮŮĽҲӲҿӲҴ⡣
üŵȷ촽£սս
˿̣ݾսսһߴһ߶ϯС㣬㡭ҹӲҪţӲһǲǡǲģ
ڷֳ֮ݾһֱɵ¡
ǣСڼô֪ˣɽأ
ѵС㣿
δ֪
ȻôҲ˵ͨ
ϯһ£֪һýڣƭݵġ
ЩɵģҲɵӣƭ
ϵ£Ѿɡ
һ£ſڵϣҲһجôǸجΣεһӣһȺ׷ɱɽ£ѪҺš
ţجôУޣǼΣ˾ǰһˣ͵ǳһκˣΣǾǾһʤ߼ǻº£Ҳ¹Ĵ¡
һ¶֣ݾ͵ͷˣţСˣȻȻǵλӵʬ嶼ҪӲˡ
ȻԳҼСһˣҪȥɽ£ҼСһյƣҼС㳤ꡣ
ǻº£Ͳܰ׾ȣҪôʱ͵ҪôȻ֪Сѽ
ƳһݣȻĶϯһ˿Ц⡣
ڼƭˡ
ǽڣƭƭݣȴƭ˾Ƶĳ롣
ϯʱյ
˵ѣʶơ涪ˡ
ߡ
ϯｫeһȥ
˵ѣΪ˾Ȼʶô֪Ʋ˵ô
һ·ϣϯûٿڣݱһסˣ˵
賿îʱҽݡ
ʱǰ˷ֳʬʱ
ϯ￴ŻһֱۣϱϢĳ룬ЦˣЦݲãˣԺҪúûȥױɱˡ


9 

л˵ĳֱü
СѾͷƺ֪ʲô
ҪʣϯֵˣҸˣҽˣУ˵£Ҳ˵ȥ
ȥڲҶ꣬ҡƹҡ
ϯҪʱͻȻ
϶ȴϯܾ
ϯ㶣ʶƿҽݸڵĲҶ꣬ͼҶŵ½ǣһССı־
Ǳ־һƬҶݣϯʶǳҲҵһб־־ģǳҵĲҵ
ҶտţһСɨأﻹˣƺҶ
ֵáȥ
ϯ￴˿Ҷֿ꣬˿룬εˣ˾ȵףٰһΡ
ϯק³壬ͷݣǺúÿȥȥȻ󣬽Ҷꡣ
ô磬п˽ţСæɨѷһߣİϯӭš
źϯҪǼҷƹ񡣡
ҷƹ񣿡
Ҷķƹ㶣Ȼϯҷƹ񣬿ʲô£
ܸ˵ǿѷƹм£ܼ¡ϯó壬û壬ӵĶȥѷҴƹлԸ
ǳҵͣ游游һʼһֱΪҰ£ҳˣ˶д㣬ãҲͷԺ츳
񣬷˸˳ƹ
ƹǷĿǰҲǳĵ£ǳĸ
ƹǷƹ׵ܵܣҲҲҶƹ룬ȻҲϳϯеǳӲ塣
ƹɫ΢΢һ䣬ԵȣСȥˡ
壬ƹƺˣϯ̬ȣҲ˼֡
ϯĬĬͷȥһˣ£ױ֪
ǣСס
ƹæϯˣͱȥ˺Ժ
СϯȥţһϺõС㣬㳢裬Сոյ²Ҷζء
ϯæ˴ϣȷʵֶҲ˲ˣ豭һںȸˡ
ͻȻϵĳ룬ϣʧôѪһֱŲϢӦкҪҪԸƹȥ죬ԼϢˣᵢ¡ⶼ˼Ҽ£ܣҲܲˣһҹûˮ˰ɣ


10 ƹ

ϯŲһֻɾĲ豭ߣԵС˵豭һãϻ
ˣǷô࣬һ³룬ҲӦõġ
ϯѾڣ˵ȥҽݿҩ˵Ҫҩȡ
ҽҩˣ
ûᡣ
ϯһ˵ôأҩ϶ҪõһЩҩģ̫ˣ
ǿ˼Ŀ⣬˼֣ϯƲƲ죬ƹڣƹȥˣͲˮģ϶ˡ
˲ˮƽϵĳ룬ϯüôι
С㣬ūȥιɣҲҺͳһˡ
ƣ̫ǿˡ
һ񣬾ŵ඼Ҽˡ
ϯǄeô鷳ҲˮС
ˣҲںһ¡
ôҲǰӵ򣬶£Ҳûʲô
ϯƹˤţ²豭Сܿ˿ڣѳȻóϰĿϡȻƺЩһЩػߣ⡣
ճһֻ֣ӹϵĲ豭Сĵιˮ
С˵ո²裬ҺˣζϺõҼȥҪúȶˡ
ϯһǵͨ죬׶ȫѪҺԴӿѣθУͳ˲Ҷ
һһڵţһϯҪţˣ
ʲôϯһ㶣Դκû˼
ݵӵС㣬˵һˮȡ
ϯԴ˲һ롣
Ըݣһˮι
ϯſһĲزҶʱǡɷƹˡ
˵λССģܷСĿһҼүƹʵ
үǰվͳˣϾӦûģûΪүǱʲôµˣڣӲ壬ȴһСѾͷ
ƹɫЩء
ϯó
ƹһ壬ɫͿҪסˣرϼѪգɫأæ˵ϯȥ
ȼүɫ԰ףһϢʱƹɫޱ䣬үô£㡭


11 

ȥɽ죬
һֱ֧ţûϱϢùٲûϹȥ֮ǰ÷ƹȥɽôߺʬ
ƹæӦá
ƹȥִˣƹһ̧ų룬˲ҶһϢҡ
ҽݣѣƹҲʹĸˣ˫ϯҲƹ
·ϣ䵽˲Ѫա
Ѵ˲٣ȥһᱻ˿ʱٲ˻ᱻ˵л
ΪүһǷǡ
ƹˣȰͻȥϯ˷ģȻˣȥﲻԶĳѵ꣬һ·ϯﻻϣĵĸϯһʩ𶹻ͼըִ
ϯﻻ·緹Ա㣬ͱƹͻϯҡ
ϯҴųԺһָ˫ֱֲ׳ˣˣϣϯﰢ
˵ǲǹģ֪ҼҵŲգׯһʪĲңǲ϶ڵˮôð˵㣬ҿɩӣ縸ɩĸ񣬰ûˣҼҷǳ縸ǵþţţТţǾТžŵģʵ̫ǵˣһôҲ᲻ø᲻ã˵ȥeĵضǡ
ȥeĵضˡ
ͻȻһϯ̫̫ϵĻ
һ㶣Ȼͷˣϯ
϶ʱˣֻӣðŻ棬˵ʲô㡭
˵ʲôûôϯִҪƿڴĻ˵Ҫȥeĵض𣬿Ҽׯϰ׸ĲôȻԺȥeĵضɣҼׯϵĳٸǴһˡ
㡭ѾͷһϳԴҩˣô˵
һ򶼽۵ӿСӵϯȻû죬Ƿ˰
˵ϣϯߣҼҸǴ󷿰Ͳ𣬻ͳ˲ɣһϾȻԺǴ󷿵ĲǶˣûж˼ңǶҪǴһӵĲգ˵ȥҲûԺǴҪ𣬾̈́eԸҶˣӣԼȥ


12 

㡭ѾͷһǷ˰ɣô˵ôһôôּˣүɩˣ
ƿڴ
Ҫһŭϯ㲻ҲֻǸŭԣϾǳһٴҲҸ졣
˿̣ϯﲻˣĶзˣϯѹͲĻᣬЦûɣҿû˵ҰɩֵܣʣȻּˣǾ͵иּ˵ӣûּˣǶùһ굽ͷĲա
Ŷˣֹǲأׯϵǿɶǹײĸ⼸꣬Ǵ󷿿ɶûٿˣ粹ϣһƬɽֶ챻Ǵ󷿿ͺˣײײĶûľϣҵȥeׯϣļľϡ
Ҽ⼸꣬ǹڣиҪӣǴһβֱȥҼҵֽһǮû
ǿɶҼһ˱ǮĻǴϵģǰãһǮҼҾ͵õ
Щ꣬ײ̺̣ɽׯӣҼҵӽȥˣҼҵּҵõǵӶȥˣⶼ˭ѽǴ󷿡
ˣǲҼҵĺõˣһ˳ģʹˣ˭ǷǴ󷿲ɣ
ҼֲǷǵģƾʲô׸ãҪ
ԺҲȥׯö
ӣȥĶû
ԺǴ󷿶ռǶһˣǶȥ͵ͣɶǸӵģԺȥҼٰöӣҾȥ͵꣬ͶգһǮ
ţǴ󷿵ˣһԡ
ϯϡ
һ˫ϵӣҲŷ˱Ƶģ۽ëҪ˪˰㡣
ϣı֮һ
ǰǰѱɱһΣɽټĺ⣬ǺǿңƲסرǼϲʱоһŭҪй
ǰǶˣ󷿵ѹʮּ꣬ˣһֱ󷿵ѹţҿһ̳ϾͻﲻТ


13 ϯ

̳ϲǰӣ°ֻһֻ̥ǣһ̥ûܱסϺСˣӣһֱûܵãһĲϵʮ꣬׵꣬Ͳˡ
һϵİҲѻû꣬ҲˣϯСܳһ꣬Ҳȥˡ
֪Ͽһڣ֮ǰͰ峤Ƕ峤ǵ棬ѼҸˡ
֮ǰҷˣҲ³Ϻʹһһ۸Сӣ³ϺʹӶ̼ҲСһ˻ܿࡣ
ϯںݳǣҲһ˼ң˶࣬ϯﰢϯһ֧ԼҲࡣ
Ķϵȵˮ
Сׯӣһׯһ԰һľ
ӣ͵꣬һҶ꣬һӻ̣һײ̣һꡣ
پסһԺӣͰЩ꾤ҵҵ׬ǧӡ
ּʱ˵ײľľϣǴľׯϿģ̵ϣҲһ֣ľׯϵ̴ľģԹײ̺ľׯӣ̣ò֡
ׯͲҶ̣Ҳò֣
ЩҵϴģҲаðģ˵ϯͬǵӣϯֺͬİ׬ӵ͵꣬ӻ̣Ҷ̣԰ׯˣʣµĹײ̣̺ľׯ͸ϯͬ
ӺӷּңϯͬǳӣҪֵһҲʮĶˮһ԰ׯӣһׯ͵꣬һӻ̣һҶꡣ
ϯͬӣֵֻһɽСׯӣһײ̣һ̣һʮĶˮ
Ժӣ÷ָסο̳ϻûҲҪסûӣ游ϰæһǧӣϯҲԶһСԺӣһס
ʣµǧİӣϣðɥ£ʣµģֵð˰󷿷ֵǧŰ
ڳϰϻǧӵ˽ЩƼ˽̵ģڷּʱȴûᡣ
֪ӣҶֲҵǶ֣˺󣬳ҲŹٷһЩҲ˶ˣԶֵõĲҵҲ͹һͼ±ڶӡ
ɰ򲻻뵽Ϻʹ󷿵ˣ˽ĻҪҪҪݶ


14 ֲ

ּҺ󣬴󷿰ѶֵõׯӺӣֱԼģҪʲôȥãһǮգŶĶͳȥ顣
ľׯϣжʮó̴ľʮóľϯҰİֵģϰͷˣײϺùľõģʱϼҪ̴ľҾߣûӦ
ľׯӷָˣȰһȥɥ°ˣϯͬ˵ûϯͬ˵һʹȥľׯӣʮ̴ľ
̴ľһþͼֵӣʮãǧӣׯϽ֮һĲƲϯͬ˵ˣͿˡ
ҪҪȥҴ󷿵ֹϯͬӺãҲһЩ£󷿵ҪȥҲٲһ⣬źʹ󷿵˼ƽϣֵܺ
˭֪󷿵˸̰Ĳ㣬̴һСִ˼ҾߣΪλδСðױһ󲿷ľȴ󷿵ӻá
һľӣ㹻һĽã˳ͷûãִɽȥˡ
ʮó̴ľľ󷿵˿ˣǧӣһǮҲû
ȥɶϯͬסˡ
ϯͬӣ״ǰȻвԣɻгڴסţֻҪϯͬȥ״󷿵˾ͻ˵ЩľϯͬТϵġ
Тĸף쾭塣
ТǲТ
ТֿϯͬͷϣҲΪʲô
ΪТӣϯͬԺͱ̧ͷӡ
ΪˣϺϯͬˡ
ɶ˲ʹô󷿸ӵôߣȥֵõöҪɱ˶Ƶͷ̶̼գͰѶļһֻʣһ
ҪƼң˳ڤޣֻҲӲ·һ
ϯԽ룬Խޣֻ۾ͨ죬ɱ·ӵɷһһ϶סˡ
ϰѽһ֣ˡˡˣѾͷˡ
汻ϯˣһߺһߵײײܣŷй׷Ƶġ
һѾһӣӶˣҲϽܣһգۣ˾ܳӡ
ϱסϯĶɲҪŻﰡ
ҲΪϯǷˡ
ħˡ
Ȼô¶ôµı飿


15 ί

ϱứ£ǰﰡһѡ裬ݡǿСϴȥݣȥ
ڻֲ̿ʱɵķԸˡ
û£e򡣡ϯѻָƽ
û£ɣð÷ġϲĵϯĶͷ
ͷ̣ûգϵǵģ΢΢ЩתۣϯͿ޵ϡﻩģˡ
ʮǰģϯﲻˣֿˣ޵˺ѷΣγϣŵøҪݵɣˡ
ˣ⺢ӣޣɰѰĸۻˡϻΪϯ޵ôǱϸˡ
󷿵ˣһֱ۸ˣҲʮϣÿμϣԶԶģչԿϣ϶Ҳŵòᡣ
ϱŮı
ôˣ
СӣȥϯͬߵſڣŮڿޣϯͬæӸţԼ󲽽Ժӣ㣬ôˣ
㣬ϵĹȫ㡣
ôղţɩˣһ٣˵Ǹʪ𣬸㲻š
Ϻ޺޵ĵϯͬһۡ
ҪϯͬȰҪϢˣһЩ֮ֵֵܷĿɳǶĶܱ󷿵˱֮ˡ
ϯͬɫʱ
Ȱ˵Ҳׯϵ˰²ǲôʪģ㲻ţûҲѹִ̫̫
Ƿ˴󷿵Ĳɣ׸ģģϲԺ󣬾ͱׯϵ˸Ͳȥˡ
ʱŵʲôҲ˵ˡ
ϯ蹣߹Ű֣ĵ㣬㲻ҪޣǲǴ۸ˣȰ蹳󣬰蹸㱨𡣡
蹣˵ϯͬǳȥŮ֮һЩڽ֮ˣլ˼ƽϣɺͳ
ϯͬСӵḶ́ܽʮССͣ;һЩȥ
蹶ʱۿˣ氢С۾ȴίͰ͵Ŀϡ
ϺϯͬһۣȻСӣ蹣ߣȥ
һǣŮһǣСӣӣϯͬһԺС㣬ֿ
ϯѾֻһ˫۾ЩףϷԸ裬һ


16 Ȱ˵

ĵǣϯЩԼʧأˡ
˳ǣЦղŮ뵽ô꣬Ƕһֱ󷿵ѹţţоίſ޵ġ
֪⼸꣬ǽ˲ίϰ̾ȴΣҲϲ󷿵ˣǡһϯ֣дԺŵǣƵߡ
ʹ󷿵ĹϵϾȥϯͬϯֵͬܣϾˣο󷿻סһϣһĸϣ㹻ѹĶͷ̧
ϯɫΣͰޡ
ǰҲɵĸĴڣŻѡãһããŻ˴˵ģһ³
ǰı磬һϯԲöٳһ飬ӴԺ󣬶Բá
¶ϲТŮͷΣҲԲô󷿵˼ѹȥ
ϯײ̺̣ǹ˰ɣȥһôҲܵüڣӣһǮ׬գÿҪӽȥǶӣ񶼼ѳټô󷿵ȥöֲӣֻǼҾҪӹӵ³Ȼڴ󲮼סҲΪаڣһ˾ͿĶӣ¶ֳȥҲǴû˲˵ﲻТﻹʲô
ɶϯͬү˵Ķԣǲȥˡ
󷿴ľׯô˶ӣмǧɣɴ󷿵һǮҲûǣǾʹûǷ
Ƿּңֵǰ˰ӣЩ꣬½½ˣˮһҲҪȥһ룬ʣµӣһʡԼãҲǽۿܸˣҪżңɰޡܸգҸðһ׳ͷ⣬ʲôҲûУ󷿵ľͿׯϵ̴ȫļҾߣǼҰ
˵⣬ˡ
ͷ˲ᣬаͰ蹣Ҳʮˣٹ꣬ҪϱˣƸʲôҲûð죬Ҳûһа蹶ӡ⣬ѣүǻҪȥô


17 Σ

ȥӣҪȥˡ
뵽ԼŮ۵Ŀˡ
Ƕͺʹ󷿷˼ҵģ󷿵ȥ͵øӣӣǾǿٷˣʲô¶ֳȥҲռǰ̳棬Ҳռ㻹ԥʲô
ϯ蹿ֿĬĬİٿɫİ㣬ӣܵϯͬߣȣ蹶飬ҪöأѵҪ蹶ûӣǰûӣǼǣҺͰΪϵСؤ
ϯҴ󰢵ϯǸԳһֱãˣͻԣϯһֱţٳš
ӣ֮ԹôѣһСԭΪϯһҽҩҪӡ
ݳ֮磬ϯҵİĶˮﶼϵˮ֮أˮ֣һĵӲ٣нӣСС˼ңӣĲ٣ܹСӣһЩűá
ЩӣԶ˵ͺˡ
ӣһ͵һϯҲһֻʣһӣҲͽú
ϯ֮齫ӹˣҲʡһӣܶʮӵ𣬶һӣҲͲôѡ
ɹײ̺̣ϯҰָģϯͬ᲻ùˣɲأÿ궼Ҫﵹһٶӡ
Ů֪ǰģ᲻ùأȻ᲻ãǰͲҪ벻Ů˵ȥǰǴ󷿴ߵ򣬾һٶӣһ룬ȥˣùߵġȥȫˣֻ¶ҪΪ᲻ɡ
ϯΣġ
ǰˣɲΪ˼Щҵʮô
ǰϯԴԹȴҲϯͬɽԸһ֮ŮһТŮҲԲôռһˡ
ӣԸصҲռˡ
ϯͬԥãӲܹأԺһᶣƹ񣬲ôöӡ
ô
ϯܻɡ
󷿵ˣԵȥöĶƹסģ


18 

ҲһõĿʼٲô󷿵һֱѹȥ
ϯתת͵ȥˮ棬ǲǻУʮӺòã
Ҫôʲôϴ󾪣ǻһЩҲҪűã󰢵岻ãһӣǲܶģʣµģҲʮˣǼһĽá
һ꣬Ź£ʣʮӡˮ棬°궬ӣôꣿ
ϯΪð׳Ρʱͷˡ
β࣬һһһֻģʮӣҲѹ֡һſʼӾͻûһ롣
ϯͬһʱҲЩʮд꣬ôã
̾ãΪβûôү㲻ԸأУԺׯ棬Ҳȥӡ
һΣģӡ
ʵײ̶̺ϵ꣬ƹҲЩŵⶼÿ׬ٶӣֻǣ󷿺ϯÿ궼ҪİӵĻ׬ӣǣõȥϰӡ
ײ⣬ǰһ׬ӣڡÿҪﵹӡ
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һںЩɼľףʮӣȥǮǮҲ׬ʮӣ̴ľȣûȡ
ײû̴׺ľ֧棬⵭˲٣׬ӻûǰһɣɾȥռˡ
ȥ̼꣬ҵϰˣװһںɼľײģһЩɥõĶһʮû
ǰСһ˫ǰֵһٶӽȥ
֮Ӳǲ׬ӣֻ׬ӣûд󷿺ߵĶֵߣͿˡ
ƹθϯͬӦ£ϯͬȴ˵һֵܽãûΪһЩǮֲͣȰƹһֻ۱һֻۣƹģ˦ֲɡ


19 ȴ

ڣƹϯľ֮ҲûĲɣ֮󣬲ܴ󷿵˺̼ҵ˴߶ٶû๹
£һһĶ࣬󷿺̼ҵȥõĶҲһһ࣬ˣÿȥöʱֺָʹǷǶ㣬̰ռСˡ
ÿƹ񶼻һӵȴŭԡ
ҶĸԸﵹöƹһūţк๣
ֻܰڶ÷й
գϯͬ˿ڣϯЦˣͳȴϯͬԸɣѻƹ
ɸճŲãžʹģڴƵġ
Ͷ緹ϯڲҶԹˣԱˣһǰԺݮˮ
ϯҵǰԺûֻݲݣͣȫ˹ң÷ӣѩ棬׹⨺ңңˣ÷ʮ£򺬰ţǧ|ģ̺졭ԺﶼɢŻζ
ϯϲǰԺһ߸ɻһߺŻ㡣
˿̣ϯһѩ£ݮβݡ
ϯﰮԲݮÿ궼ҪڼߴĹµĿյϼʮãȵ·ݣݮ·ݣӳ죬ϯͿժųԡ
ϯҽò࣬ӲִܴţҪʡԼãƽҲûʲôǮȥˮԣȼ֮ᵽլӺ󣬾ͰǰֵĻݲȫˣָֹ
ȥˡ
꣬ϯڳˮϣˡ
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ǰԺ˹Ժڳأһֲˣһ˻ƶϵ
ϯҳԵĹӣԼҵģԵ߲ˣҲԼֵģԵļҲԼҼµģϯҵļľׯϣĲ࣬ҲͽԼ˳Եġ
д󷿺̼Ҿȥץ˳ԡ
ϯһׯһȺѼӣһȺ졭ⶼǷּҺׯׯģҲΪЩʳ˲ʱĸһ»ʳȻһˣһģһҪ飬һӣĶһꣿ


20 

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һʼôЦӳߵĶɢȥһ֮
ϳ帾ǺݳǳǽһӵĴ峤ŮСҲǸĸϵĽŮ
ٽ󣬵۳裬ҲĲ帾ݡ
Ϊˣûٱϼ
ֲ˵ΪǴ帾ΪٲֱϺһٳЦ
˭ҺúһԺӣֲֻݣͣϯԺӣһ껨ҲǹͲˣũ
Ц֮󣬵ׯļˣµˣȴĿŵȥɽüץ
ɣҪһ帾硣
ˣϯ޵˹
ϯڸݮˮ⴫Ͻ
쿪ţװڼң֪ڣСӣңŴ򿪡ҽ˺СƤӵƤҾ͸ա
ֵģһɣ
һøɡ
ϯɫһվֶûϴȥš
Ųſһϸ죬ͱ˴ߵĴ󿪣ҪϯĿ죬ŶҪƱӲɡ
СƤӣãװ񲣬ﲻȥ
ϳ˽ƣͳϯȥΪƲգֿ֪ҪϯʱϯһһźݺݳϵĶȥ
ֻɱһҽһ˾͵˵ϣһţ۵ͷ󺹡
㡭ѾͷȻҴҰҲ㡣
һҪˣǺǡ
ϯ۾һУֲһԵĴɨѣͳŭϯϺݺݴȥҴ򳤱ôˣҲΪȣֵ𾴡͸ô򡭡㣬ʲôȻҲҶҶ֡Ҳô򡭡
ϯһ߻ɨѴһϯĴأ뻹ֻ֣ûͱɨѴ˺ü£۵໺ʹŭ죬Ѿͷǻʲôסݺݴ򡭡ַˡͷ֮ޡ
֮ǰ˿ؼҺ󣬸ϯָͬһ״ϯͬѵϯҴүϯ֪۸ҲҪĸ׳ʵļҶҪﱨ


21 

Ҳݺݴѹ˵磬֮ǰԵĿٴϯֻ˭֪ĸӶ˲ŽţͶһ
ĸӶˣγ׺ϯĸҶŵڵûع
ֱϯ巢ŭĸҶŻعӣϯץȥ
ϯǵóѣһɨ絶һĸҶĸ˴ıͷӴܣ޵
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ϱϰ˺ü£첲ϻһ£۵ڵϣ֯ԽѺͰϸ˿޶ȹϣմ˹Ļۻ廨ЬһֻͷϵĳҲˣɢңͷɢǱһ
ϯ޶ϯ壬ɨһһ£ݺϴﻹǣҲǻãûǴô۸˵ģ׸ˣģȻ˭Ƿǲɣ
Ҫǣǻ֪ôǾǷ򡣡
ϯһߴһվſڣһɨ裬һ򵱹Ī֮ƣʹˣӴʱҲûܴܽȥ
Ϻϯ޺죬ȴ޻֮أҲ˿ϯˡ򳤱ˣ찡زŶ
ôĶԷϼˣҲᣬһһھǡ
ϯҶ꣬һֱദǢƽ˺óԵģһЩǳ
ĹӣˣֻҪճˣһЩȥҲˣһ˺Ĺϵܺãദܺ
ϯһֱǴеĹԹŮ˿̼ôɨѴϺϯ壬λھǸӶɳˡ
򳤱ǲТҪġ
ϯȴʱɨѣ޵һѱһѣίƽ۸Ұ۸ҺͰܣҲˣ۸㡭㲻ܰһ·ϱưء
ϯŴɫſ򣬿޵վվȣּˣ͸øҹҵӣǴˣҼҵľׯӸ͹ˣҼӸõĿ쵹ˣڣôණһģãӡءǽɽɽҲܲסǴ󷿵ôðǻҰТ̣̫ԩѽ


22 ·

ǲҲҼҰװ׹Ǵ󷿡Ǵˣû˵ҰһõˣǰգͲİϣһС꣬ѲʪˣǾˣšҪҰȥҲǱƵû취Ż֡ء֣̫ˣҪǶ·ϱưҪŪǶˣǲŸ˰
ϯһ߿ޣһ߿ߣίĲˡ
ּˣ͸иּҵӣǴ󷿣ǶĶΪоͰˣţšء̫˰
˵ҳ󲻿
ǰܾίȴ˼šҳ󲻿һֱš
棬ϻҪǿջЦװźʹ󷿵˹ϵõıҲˣ˴˵ĵӣһαһΣӵѹ
ϯﷴС
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ţҪ۵죬ƤҲĻţּôˣּҺͲֵˣ㰢̣Ͳ㰢ĵĸˣͲТˣ
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᲻ãǾǲТ
ϯĨһᣬ޵ТǸТҰҲû˵ТҼҶȥТ̣ɡǡǴ󷿵ôôҼӵǼҵģӶõˡ
ׯӻˣӵˣҼôû˵ҪТ̣ҪǴ˰һ˱Ͼ·ĵ
ȥҼöӣһþͺüʮӵĻǿкβ𣿡
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һϣһТ壬ô󷿵ѹ˶ô꣬ѹĶͷֻ̧Ӳ
գϯҪӲТУһ·


23 

ûһ˵Ϊ˾ТҪһȥĵ
ϯĻﻰ⣬ָ󷿵ˣų壬ĿŵİռĲҵ
һΧᣬһʼϯɨѴ򳤱һΪϯ·ϣĲԣɵϯһ޺ǵ񣬶ʱñĲͬĿ⣬ĸӡ
ּˣֵܵӵԼһã
ֵܣʣɲûôųɶŰռ˼ҲƲء
ϴΣҺϯ̫̫ȥϯҴ󷿿ͣ۸Ҫȱ˼̹Ǯһʱϯ̫̫ûôӣǮƹģ⵹˰Ǯͣ£Ŀ治صϯ̫̫ȥϯҶһǮϯ̫̫ȥ󷿼ҵһǮ٣ǡ̫۸ˡ
£
ѵһܺƭҲɣ
סϯұߵھ̫̫Ҳһϲ˵ύ˵ĸˣƽϵĹϵദĺܲȥʱһ
ڼ˲ˣׯ߲˼⵰ȱֻȱνײ裬Żȥ
ϯҴ󷿷ּʱ̣һⲻԶνףȥϯ˿ڹֵܼҵӣʵǲܲȥȥĻ϶Ӧ
ֳҵӣܵܵĲȥգⲻǸˣֵܲô
ԣϯȱ˼ҹ˼ǮҲòȥ򣬴ˣһȥ̫̫֪ˡ
̫̫һ˵ˣ׷ָĲ¡
˵ֵܣôȥϯҶүֵܣøӣϯ̫̫ȥ͵ֵˣ
Ϊǿʲôһ
˵Тڳˣ˭ûڣ˭ûТҲûôТТģǵТȥöӣТˣϯҵĹأ
˼ľׯӶͺˣ˵һ̴ľͼֵأʮ̴ľöӰ󷿵˰ռȥˣǿûôҪ
סһͬھӶΧʮ˼ңָϣΪһʼϻŭı⼸䣬Խ˵Խ࣬Լվסˣ;ˣŭôûˣǲҪѾͷ˵˵


24 

ϯûӣƹǶмˣ˱ţùһһ
ޡ˭֪ǶǲǮȥˣÿҶӣڰңҪˮѾͷҶôãܸˣҪһź£û뵽װһӻˮҪء
Ҳһģ֪ԼΪݲ˵Ͼͷڣ˵Լˡ
û˭û˵ˣǾǸˣʲô˱ǺǣƹǶūţȻӶ˻˱ϼأ˭֪ǲǼٵģ
ֻҪϲϣҲû취
һҧԼӣ˵ϯϯЦҲֻûӣҲ˵ˣŰ̵ķϣǿҼҾͳˣ͵ТҰˣҪǵãԺȥҼøӣӣͱҼһǮôھǣ֤ء
ʱмϴĲھӣǰϯүϯ̫̫£ǿɲܹţŹţ׹߳ëӻôȥ
ûıϯҴ󷿵õˡ
ֵӵˣһҲû׬ָű
ϯͬϣԺԷ꣬ܳϯһһѱ飬ϯҴ󷿵Ĳԡ
ϯͬŮڼҳͬΪҪֹϯѹͲ廰Ļᣬһߣϯ֮ǵ£˳ȥ
ϯֻͬȣܶŮȥۣȴק䣬ãһίйľˣë
˵˵£ᶪϯ棬Ҳ˶԰࿴ðȱȣԺżңңǡѾͷˡ
ȻͷˣݣѾˡ
Ѿˡ
ˣҲܰװ׻ȥðѱڶίȫййˣˣͲ֮ǰƿ
糿ǱŮӸŻˡ
£ҲûŮҪ
˵ҪҲֻǶ˵ίһʲô
קţϯͬһʱûסϯ͵һ


25 Т

ϯͬڨڨȻĶԼλЦܽˣܽˣҵĲԣΪֵܼ䣬͸ƽϣû뵽û뵽
û뵽󷿵˻ԽԽ֡
һʪѣȻҲš
ңԭǳҲȥ󷿵ģģϯܸ˲񣬹͵ùȱЩׯϵһ
˭֪͵ſڣϿǵ˵ԼҲ𲻹գҪͲĴ֣һ󳵲ȥ󷿡
󷿵լӣͬ⣬ߵ·ϣ꣬꣬Ѳȥ˴󷿡
ţ˵ϯͬǹôְѲʪˡ
ˮõģϺϯͬҲһӵ
ŮѼҳˣϯͬȻɵٲŲָֻ̊ܰ˹֡
һ֪˵ӣǰϹ
˿ϵ񣬸ӱˡ
ƤٺҲܲסΪ棬ϯһһͬܡ
ϯ屻ĸҶŻ뿪ˡ
󷿵һߣϯͬ͹һ񣬡лλΪҶ˵¡ϣҲҪ⴫ô˵һдϯ󷿶һֵܣ˲ʲ壬Ҷȴܡ
ˣϯͬȴһš
ȻѾ˺棬Ҳ˵һãԾͶȴ˼š
ϯ֡
ԸݣȥԺ˵ؿʮݫ񣬻ˣĲˣȥл
ϯҶĲˣֺóԣǾܳԵûвϲģϲ̵Ľ˲˺ҲһЩԼĵģĹӻСʳ
ʱ֣ϯҵϣͶСʳָӣϯ̫̫³Ĺӣˣ㶼ȥԣ̶⣬ҲȥµĿ飬ָͰ蹳ԡ
ԼȴҲ᲻óһ飬ˡ
Ͽ˿ַԸɣǵӳϯͬȥԼȴʲôҲû¡
ϯȴûֻץһѹӷϣҳЩУʣµģԡ
żҳĹǣģҲԣɰÿζȫԣԼ᲻óһ
ǰϯﻹϲ̵ģΪҸҲѹȫߣԣһ߳ţһ߸ܰĳ谮
ڣ۰ܳԶʳТǡ


26 ˽

ģܺͺʳԣӣǶ˰ԡ
ץһѹӣȻһྐྵӣһߵһڶοҲҴһ٣һֱǰ̵ıļ⣬Ҵ̿϶йϣʱҪӲһЩɲҪٸǰһɰסˡ
ԭǴĲصǴѵǻ֣Ǵ
ϣϺϾ׼ӭӳϵѡ
֮ԸĿŵѹ̶ǳô˵ʲôǶô
Ժϯ̵Ķı˼ҹͲҪȥǺģŻȥմ󲮼ӣȴֵ飬ǼҵĶ˹˭Ҳɵӣ˭ҲǴģƾʲôҪ໨ӣȥǼҹġ
ϯϸϸ˵ϯ̵¡
ϵʹ˺ˣ㲻˵ԺҲŴ󷿵ߡ
ĽãͽͰ͵ģȥϯֲǮյģûôɵ˺ˣȥ˼ԩͷ
磬Թ緹ϾϰߵЪϯͬϯȥѧ󣬾ȥϯݣԼе˽ӣȥС
ϯ˽࣬Ҳ٣һʮӡ
ϯҶӣͰ͵ģҲȱԺȴÿ£϶ϯӵãϯͬҲᾭʮͭ壬ԣЩѹϯﶼûôãˣһӶϯԼƷ׬ġ
ǴóҲׯ峤ıڼϴδµũƷΪá
ũæ˫ϵİͼ磬Ҳ᲻ý۵İµظũڼϴһЩϻ
һֺƷ
ϯ͸ѧ廨ʮܰһĵӣȥ巻
ʮ꣬˽ӣһʮ˵ʵڵģҪһӻЩӣϯﻹۣû취Ҫֿ󷿵ѹȣϯͱ취
լһĸˣ裬ݣɣɡ
ųżµĳԺȣͼԺƬ˵أѾߣճӵϴ


27 ¶

ǰѾߣϰʲôԼɾȥչܣܵĳԺճɸ
ǼΨһļҶǰԺɨҲ˵ؽˮȣţҲᾭҲһСµģ£˻ûôɾͻ㡣
磬ϯʱܳһȴûһʱȥϯǽŲһתغԺˣԼȴ㵽ų֡
ϯﵱʱʹ죬ɳʱۼ⿴ˡ
̰ˣϯ䱸
ǰϯͬͻڶվͲˣϯﵱʱΪ˼Ĳģ֪ǲģǱ˳Ϳʱ˶ġ
ܸ¶ˣضǰߵˡ
ʱˣɥ»ϯȥġ
һֱչ˲صĴ󰢵ܰ룬ɱϯȥͨ˵ͨΪ˵Ľڣʵɱ˶Сܰ蹵ʧ٣ͺйأ󷿵첻ʵڰʧٺĵڶգڰҪˡ
ȥ˴󷿲һ£Ͳˡ
ɱˡ
Ҳܣʳ
󣬾ֻһֱڰչˡ
Ҳֻлᣬ¶
ϯͲɣɶ˼ֽ䱸ȻɣҲӦ׼

С㣬ʲô
սսһϯ䣬ѹš
ϯתͷƳһۣЦУȻūţʲô
С㣬Ҫˣɫһף촽£С㣬㲻Ҫū澸˰ɣ
ģĹҲỻ㡣
ǡСʲôֲȱˡ٣ɻֹȷ㲻ۣƢҲãҲǺ̺ġ
֪°ĽýͰ͵ģ϶޲ýһǮǮﻹٶˣӼĽø
ݳסӣС㣬£̫̫Ҫˣһ̫̫ˣô죿
ȥٺͰ˵ϯԼǣֱԵﲻ᲻˵ģ٣˴ûһܰæģôҲ򼸸ܴ˻ȥţŰͰܡ


28 Ȼ

Ϊϯ֮һݣ
ɫʱͨ죬࿵ǸС㡭ū澲ǲ㣬ֻǡֻǵʱū澱С׺ӶŴˣȻع񣬴̫̫үˡ
ݾһδ̫̫ү۸ŵʱһҪѧСһɨѸˣȻһССԸʹˣҪĶȥôõС̺ȥ
С㣬Ѿߵģӵģ
Ͷ˵ĻأеӭЦӯȻ
УǺݳǵİϵ꣬רžӪū⣬ѾСˣӳȵȣ
УǺݳǳٲۣūݶߣأоһڼۣۣҲҪͯۡ
£ǰȥʱϯȥУһֽСѾʹ
ֻһʱ䣬СѾ߽꣬ûǡ
ϯ΢΢һЦӵġ
ҪʲôģлջŪľģЩյӣ۸һЩдʹӣһûգֻܸһЩֻЩӱЩСҪʲôӵģ
һ߽ܣһϯͽһӣϯ£ԸСѾ߸ϯ˺衣
ϯӣѺһڣʹӣҪǿ׳ģܸũãСˣСһЩûϵҪɻϸأֽġ
ϣС㣬ȵȣȥȥ
Цţ͸˳š
ϯȵڶˮʱˣ󻹴ʮӺʮСˡ
ǣһ֣Բǿģһһٿģĵϼ룬Ƹֵģܸϯｿ۵Ƥ
ϯ￴ˣȴ⡣
ϸϸȥʮСˡ
СĲŰ꣬ʮ꣬ǿϯоţ۰ͰͣеȻбӵġ
ϯﴩĲãǴ˼ҵС㣿
ϯ￴Ǹߣȴ۱СˣƲƲ졣
Լ䵽ľأãǺǡϯֱԹģСк
ĺӣüĿ㣬ȿɰϯҲֻСƵģ۰Ͱ͵ģϯ
վԣҪĺӣ峺ףȻƣϯﶢʱҲֻһϯȻ۹۱ǱǹģƺԼĳȥ⡣


29 

ϯһȦѡССˡ
ĺӣһɰ棬žͲһ̺˵ˣɾܣ⺢ӣ꿪ɣ꣬ȫ֣дһֺ֣Ҳ̺ˣѵһ£Щ̺˵Ļܸɡ
ʶ֣۸ҪȄeС˹һЩeСһʮӣʮӡ
һϳɣأʮĺӣȴϲľһˣϯ˵ҪʱǺӵУ¶һ˿죬ת˲ţϯ￴ȥʱһľľС
Сˣʮӡ
ʮʹӣϯﶼˡ
ʹӵļǮˣһŰӣʮӣŻ˰ʮӣҶһһٶʮӡ
вۣһǮ٣ϯóһٶʮӣ۵ĸηζ
һ뵽ÿ궼Ҫ󷿿ȥļӣһٶʮӣҲͲˡ
ϯʮ˻ؼʱ˵ϣ𾪵ӶҪɳˡ
ôʲô٣ô࣬Ҳס¡
ЩӣôġȻָͷƻﰲӣһˣҪżµĳԺȣҪֲ˽ˮĶæĹӰ֣ҲʡһЩ
ĸӰȥľׯϣļԽԽִ࣬ɭ˿زĸӽȥҲʡԺ󷿵ȥׯüͼʱһ˶ûС
ִɭϯ̫үˣׯӷֵׯϵˣҲһָͬ˶
ϯͬڴִɭϯҵˣûǣҲˣÿδ󷿵ȥׯϿץüʱֺʹɭһ仰Ҳ˵˵
ڴִɭϯͬӣϯͬҲͬӣϯͬǵӣϯֲͬӡ
Ҳˣ꣬󷿵˰ľׯϵļʮ̴ľ˺󣬴ִɭٵϯ֪ͬ
ʱˣ󷿸ˣϯ֪ͬΣ
Ϊ£ͶԴִɭ΢ʣ󷿵ĺôֻϯͬһֱϯҵˣ̫үˣûйͣҲпͣûǡ
ֲΪ˺ɷûΪһЩūź֮ɷ֮϶Ӱ޸飬ͥ㡣


30 

Ҳˡ
ڣϯ˵Ҫĸȥׯϣһٸͷͬ⡣
ĸӣҲϯﰲȥ
óȥİ˸ӣϯֻΨһǾǣҪغϯҶĲҵܶһ㣬ˣȫԼģǮծ
ԼϹ˸Ӳæ䷢ģһׯϵĶ˰ռһӶıˡ
Ȼ󣬰˸ӣͱݺɷֱȥӺׯ
ʣµСˣкϯΪȡȣԸȥչ˰롣
ʮİľϯϯ蹡
ϯÿҪȥѧѧϯҶѧСʱ·̣ϯûֻߣƽϯͬ緹ȥѧ磬ϯѧԷóѧ̫бʱϯͬӻȥѧϯ蹷ѧ
ʱϯͬҪţ߻ɣϯ蹵񣬾ͻύɵϡ
ǰϯʧٶʧһأϯͬȥݣȥˣȴŻ˵ûӵˡ
붼ʮˣ̺򣬲ʣߣҲиʱʹСˣӣҲ|ģֻҪ󷿵ҲȥǶĶܿ죬ͻӯЩӣʮūţġ
ϯҶСС˼ңʹӵǮһİǮϯҪΣҪ࣬ͶһǮһ°ӡ
ϴҴūͣˣڹϯҶµĳԺȣһҲͰӡ
ʮʹӣܸһ£ѾǸǮˣʮʮָˣϺϯͷл
˶ųȥֻʣϯˣϯŴӻͳʮЩӣҵ˽ģǵԼܺòã
ϯﲻԸЩϣǣǸģʱڴʹϳ˿϶ҪӵǳϵĶϱҪ߼ūŻȥ̺ϲǾǲТ
Ͳһ
Ҫϱߵūţϱȥ̺ţ쾭壬ȻǶϱŵТ˳̵ģҪŮūţôҲ˵ȥҪТ˳ҲֲŮϱء


31 ϲ

ϺôҲһҪˣȶ۵£ϻٵ
ϵţŸŮǿūš
ϯӵĿģ󷿵ˣ⼸꣬ҲˣǼӣҲס
󷿵ˣ治ҪӶסҲȥ٣У˵Ǿ仰Ҳ˵˵ģ󷿵ȥöӣҲȥϯ̲ҶöӣӵģТĸ쾭ģỊ̇ȰŮӣҲȻ
ϰףϣ͵аס
ҪТҲðҪˣһЩʳҲ쾭ġ
ûгٶٴ⣬ȴиͷĵ
̫̫С㡣
ȥӺݾһ·Сܻʱ϶ܳһϸӣɢ㺹ζ
ŵˣү󷿵˽ȥˣ˵̫̫ˣүȥһˡ
϶ʱˣ̫̫һ׳ô˵ͲˣУҵȥ
ϼǼ̫̫Ǽ󷿵ֳʲô۶ӣڶҲĸӽڶ˿֪ҪôԸϯͬء
ϯҺһȥ
㻹ڼɣ˰壬ȥﶨ㣬ûȥ۸
һߵһ߽Ҿ֣˼һЩϲƱס
ϯȴѷԸݣһɵıϣֲܶһӣҲȥҲỽȥһأôҲ㲻ȥġ
תһ̬ȼֻõȥȥɣôﶼỤ㡣
ҲỤͰ㲻õġϯֿһЦûȥ󷿵¡
󷿼ʹ̶ѨǰҲˣɱ˴ˣڵĴ󷿣ʮĴ󷿣ɲԶˡ
ȳţϯ̲ǲôҪȥҽݣһȥһҽõĴء
Ҳãȥҽݡ
ϺϯﶼɳװװڶǾ˴ȥ˵вǾǲˣ˵ûϻýǷ޶̼Ǿû
ĸŮߵĿ죬ûãҽݣȴ˵ûڣϸһʣȻǱϯͬˡ
ϯһ֣ϼҴҸȥɽ·ʤ


32 

󷿵լӣڵʤȥұڶҾǡ
ĸŮ˴·һͬչսʤڣԶԶģͼϯͬϯֵͬĳ氢ϯҴų
ͣſڣ˵ʲô
Ϻϯӿ˼ߵǰڷŭıԹϯүԺ£eҿæĺܣûõ˵Ĳ˿
ǱǸĸˣһʱżǰû룬龪һҲáϯͬڨڨȻĵǸ
һҩ䣬˦˦֣ˣҲĴҲûҪǸ˼ңҪϣӵģҲס
ԣɫʱһƬ򣬰Ӵ⻰ô˵ģѵǺӰװڲƭҼүģ
ϵ񣬻żŭȻˡ
ϯͬôˣȻˣͽȥͺӰɡ
ǻ˵˺ӰˣżˣżҴҸģû룬龪һӰûҲǺ£ģһʮ徴ĲǼﳤ彡ô
ʤһסʮ໧˼ңʱ˴ҴҹңҲ˴ҴҳŸԼ
ϵĻ˶㣬Ҳ˺Ķ࿴˼ۣϯֻͬȣæϯ˴󷿵š
һţӻرſڵ¡
һڽʱͼһĶۣǡ
ϰģŭȵ¡
ϯͬһ𣬾Ҫ£ϯﳶһѡ
ϯ￴ϣֿЦ̣˭ˣѵǴǴ󲮣ѵҲ֪˴󲮺ʹռǶҵоҪǶͷͷ󲮺ʹô
̣ãǸĺð̣ҴһӶҼȥھǿϯҵЦ
ϯƲƲ죬˵⻰ʱϺü̧ۣ־Ҫӡ
ϯɣŤһͶ㵽˴ýϯᰵ󣬡߳ŭộҷӣﵱ͸۸ŹŮ⻹ˣҿûаĸڣңǰ̵ȴ硭


33 

ϯһ㣬һ߰䣬۾ˣԸѾ߰һץϯԼֵҲ͵ϯȥ
ϯٺһЦһѾĿɿڴϯᰣȥֻϯᰲҽһ˱£Դ˵ϣȫˡ
һȺѾӣȺӿϣ˳ϯﻹϼţһȺ˵һѣǺ
žӣ촽ֱ£ָϯϣŭ⡭̵ĺùŮ·ϣײϷˣûһˣ
ϵ£ϯ޴Ҫ˵ҲǴɩдȣϯȻɩΪ۸һд۸ͷˣϯﲻ뱻۸Ͷ˼¶ѣϯû
˼Ҷˣ㣬ǲɵô
ѵҪȥ˼ҴǲŽТ˳
ģðɣɺͳɺͳ·ϣ˵޴˰üҷҽҪһĸŮôţﻹûг
̾ȥҷˡ
ܿ죬һֱһ׳ľȣһ׿ĳʽ
Ӱ룬ָϯҰĿĿ޼ҹѾͷѺϣݺݴ򡭡ϴΪֹ
ﰡһҪݺݴѾͷѾˣ˾ʹ򡭡Ӵҵᰣû°ɣᰰҵŮûˤ۰ɡ
ǿ޹ıѾ߲̱ϣȥ˰
ϯҲˤĲᣬĨᣬ޿Ĵ󺰣̣ҵ۰ء̡˰Сvˡ
ѳ۵ģϽԸһСˣСˣȥ
Ȼֵϯֺͬϯ壬ᰱôͲȥһѣôְģ
ǶˣôܸһȺϯͬڨڨȻӦԼŮ˺Ů۸ҲæֻǣǸˣ棬ôܸһȺøһȥ˺
ô룬ϯֵͬɫȴѿĽƳϯͬ񣬶˵һܰɱ
̵ĺŮڴ󷿵ĵϴ󳳴֡ˣˡ
ֱؿڣЩūţʲôѾͷϣִмҷ


34 ϯ

ʱץϯϺϯͬˣҪϯȴ̧ţݺһһţ߷ףӴӴл춼û
ϯðӣϣҪ۸Ƕˣ
㡭Ѿͷ
ְⶼֵһ
ڳҪȥץϯʱͻȻ⴫һŲ߰˸ˣͷһʮһͷӡ
ϼϽվӭȥôˣ
ҪٲǲǾҪˣ
ϯһţͿʺľȣɫʱԽߵλ¡
Ҳһһѡ˸λãȻϡ
ڨڨĳ˳ǣⲻϯѾͷֵ̫ˣҲҴҪٲҷѾͷָһܴͷ
̣˵ô˵һ룬һأϯͰ͵ĿǴ󷿵۸ǶﻹŴֺĸС˴ҼȥҪһˣҼˣɨѻ˼£ҲǱʹֱƵû취ˣҪǲֿڣҵʬֻ¶Ӳˡ
ϯ˵ί֣ҪƵģ䡣
Ҳߵ룬ϯߵ治ǰѾͷĿ𳤣Ǵ󷿵̫۸ˣЩ꣬Ǵһֱ۸ǶǶһֱţû˵ȥǣΣɩȻΪǶһʪʹ˴ţ̫۸ˣءһҪһȻǶ˾Ҫ˸۸ˣǶ˾Ҫû·˰ء
Ȼ£޵˺ѷΡ
ɫӺ˼֣ϣֶϱ˵ô£
ȳҲʹָ꣬ߣϯ屲ϼˣһ塣
˰ףɫЩӲ壬ϱһҲˣûţһ˶һ٣ϱƢȥ˶ҲǶˣϱôܴȥֻöһɲûe˼ǰѾͷ׵ɨѾʹˣ˺󣬻ߵڰף壬㿴ϱϵѪۣ˵Ѿͷġ


35 ̴

ͰǷǵߵѴƵϯһ˶ϡ
ϯЦ̣˵ˣôּʱָǶľׯϵ̴󷿵˿ˣҲˣ
ϯ﹧ĸһͷߵľׯֵǮҲʮó̴ʱ򣬻ȥׯϿŵ֮һ̴ľ£ڰʱصؽҰǣû뵽Ұɥ¸£󲮾ʹȥׯϣʮ̴ľˣӣҲûǶһġ
Ƕڴ󲮰֪֮ģ棬ׯӣּʱȻָǶׯϵҲǶģ󷿵ƾʲôȥ
˵û˵һҲûһģǿкβ𣿡
棬ϯ䲻ŵڣңҲǺݳС󻧣ȲΪⶪģϯҵ档
Ұһֵܣûִ󣬳ƿɽ꣬󷿵ԽԽ֣ǶƵ˾·ϡ
ϯ˵˵ţˮŰѴЩ£һûȫ˵˳
һĶϵˮյĴףǵöʳ˼չǮһףɴ󲮼ҵ̣չҼҴףֻϸǮһҪԳӣǵ˵ǧٸӡǿǿءҰʳðѹҰ
棬ҪǶ󷿵ˣƵĿ·ˣǶ𷴿ʵȥǾû˻·
ǰǲΪeģһѣΪһ
ϺϯͬҲϯߣҲͷΪֹ
ɫһƬŭϯ֣ͬѾͷ˵ģģϯ֣ͬİѶľׯϵʮó̴ˣ
һ̴Ե꣬Ҫϰ꣬ٵһܹľľϣҪһϰ꣬һ̴Ҫֲܹ꣬ľ
һڹľֻҪĿľϣ׸һ飬׵һ飬͹ľ飬Сľϼ޽ӣ޽ӹĹľûԣһ̴ҪΧűˣܿľϸ˵ĻҲûã˹ľϣ˹ľ̫խҲòˡ


36 

ľׯϣʮܹľ̴ȥϯ굱ʱҲڣŵһ̴ľס
̴ľףһڼֵһǧӣǱƤףľ׵ǧһڣô󣬲ƽõģϯڷǵϵһƹܲϴĲҵҲ᲻һ̴ľ׸ãϵʱõҲһںЩľףôҲԽϵȥ
ϯӦһ̴ľףһֱţٹ꣬Щϯ̴ͬľ׸ȥû뵽ϯͬ־Ȼϯɥ֮󣬴ˣ͵͵̴ӣѱһ̴ľҲˣŭɶĵϯͬ֡
ϯͬû뵽ǰˣ˾Ȼһ˵û뵽ȻӦһ̴ľף£ѹͲ֪
Ҫ֪ôҲһ̴
£̴ˣ̴ľûˣáȥ
ϯͬĲӣҸضŭɳܲ
ϯ֣ͬûڷֱߵϯòŭǳ⣬ռܼҵ£Ҳóڷ˦ǽˣ
һʺƻһͣϯڣϯҼ壬ǿڷһòҲŭɶ
ˣɫװףæϹ˵˵ģȥ̴ôû֪ᰢһǰðȥģǿʰ
ϯֿͬȥģֻҪȥһ¾֪ȥġ
ϯͬҪȥʱҲʮͬѹûϯͬӷѹûڰӰռӵĲڳľϯϯҵĲϯҵĵӣϯҵĲȫӵģӿԼĲ쾭¡
ϯͬһӣǶģܸһڷԣ󣬸Ȣϱլӣһ˺úõĻţǶĶ͡
ӵĲҲ롣
ͷհľׯӷָӣҲͬ⡣
ӣʮ̴ˡ
ڡЩˡ
Ϊ̴ӵĲ뷨һУ˵˵ûô
ָˣӵģ⻰˵˵ȥ


37 

ڣϯֿͬʮ̴棬İһ塣
˼ңû˼ıӻû˴չ˵СһҪ˶ãǾͻᱻ̻
ţһżͰдƸϯͬвϯͬ
ϯͬߣ۹۱ǱǹģȥʱһҲûׯϵңǴ̴ˣˣǳҵģ֪ġ
һʱȥǡߣֵܾͲҵİڵ±ղۣҡ
ϯͬ˵˵ţһ˿޵ĸ˶Ƶġ
ϼˣҲứ䣬ӿ޵ǽһί
ĸ۷ۣҪǳϯͬ䣬˵ϯְͬռֵܲƲʲ壬Ͻ޷ΪĸȣգϷҪϯͬһҡ
壬ˣҪѰϯҡϸϽĻһ󣬡дǡҲȫĴͲ֪ŵһ̴ľףҪ֪ǸһٸӣҲȥϵĶ
ԶԶԣ幫𾴵˾ˣҪ֪Ķܶ⣬ôҲøá
ϯͬҲˣˣǰϻ̳Ͽֵϴ幫ҴˣҸ÷ҡԸӣֻҪ幫Ҫһ֧壬ǴңҲԸ⡣
´ˣˡ
˾ȻһŹ
ϯͬݺţϯ˵󲮼ȻϴˣǾͰʮ̴ӻҼңҼҵģˣҲ͸ҼҵĲǣ󲮻ҼңҰȥe˵ľׯһ̴аǰĳŵ
ǰ£ͻȻأһ£徣ɥϣ岮̸֪ʱŵһ̴ľ
ֻǣźĶȥײ̴ľʱϯͬȴİѹײ̸ˡ
Ķ˸Ϊ£ϯִͬ
󣬶ûһ̴ľס


38 

ڷһʮַʢһȢһޣ̫̫С檶һĸӣӣһŸӡ
ּʱڷҵĵλǵճӼ̳УҵŻָ˸Ӽ̳С
ڷӶ࣬ҵ󲿷ֶָӣֵӣҲûٲҵɷ֡
һ̴ľҪǧӣļزæҲĻøϵôĹľ
Ҳͻӣһľ׸ɡ
ź¡
Ϊǰ֪£̴֪ľףԣʤ֮ǰϯ͵͵ȥ
ǰ̴¡
Ȼˡ
Ȼһ鶼ڰļƻߡ
԰󣬳ϾһֱԵĸϣѹƶ
գ֮֮ѹƳϡ
ҲϯΨһѹƳϵˡ
ϯӺʹϺһᣬô󷿺ڷϣȻһĻˡ
ϯͳûҪ󷿰̴ļǧӻﻰŵֻҪ󷿻ӣŵ̴ľףǶǻ쵽
ֻǣûӡȻҲû̴ľס
Լ̴֮ľΣҲˡ
ܰݣ
ȻŭˣûһǮС
һˣʱżˡ
ϯֺͬе幫ӡ
ô㻹Ų۾һɣǮҪ³
ϯֶͬʱˡ
ϯֿͬϣϿ޵һѱһѣӴιҪӴ⻹ʲôӴӣͱϯͬˡ
ô۾˵Ϲӱˣһڶ飿Գε߱ϯͬҲŭˣ˲ýʲôТ񣬷Ȼͳϱ粵
ӣҿ˵ˣðˣڷɽɽƬĶһأ񣬿ɶڴ£ȥ飬ܲ
飬ϯֱִͬڷɽһƬϵ£ڷжţʱڷһۺ
Ҫ֪ڷö࣬պּҷֲһֵܷĶϯͬһȴĶ˭˭ۺ졣
Ҫ˵ڷ۸֧Ƕ޲ðĶΪС
ϯ֣ͬڷˣȻ


39 

ɩӣһΣĲˣϯͬռܵļҲˣһңԩϯͬӣ˵ӣɴʱҲСӣ㲻Ϊˣô۸һӰ
ǰǼҷּʱǿɶˣƬľׯӣϯͬʣ²Ҫģŷָϯͬô󣬻ȥ˼ҵǴ󷿲ˡ
׻˵ǷծǮ쾭壬ϯͬӣûϯͬȻ˻˵ڷϯͬһ۸
ȻּˣǾ͵ֵʣûּˣҪȥռֵܵĲҵ
ˣĸӣϵֵܣ⿪ڵģĸӣһһ䣬Ͱѳͨ졣
˰죬űһ䣬ǶǰТҵģТĸ쾭ģڷȨʴ¡
ϻȥ治ҪҲ뱣סƬǿΪðһݲҵɲܱϯͬȥ
ϯͬһαƱŭˣ֪Т쾭£ǣЩ꣬ТϵģһҲû¹ڣȥһ񣬱˼ôТģֻ಻٣ЩҴδ˵ҪТʮ̴ǹײܾܲӪȥĸҡҲΪТ˳Ҫѹײ̻ˣǿǰҵӡ
ǣҪТĸҲûôТѼҲϵģϯҼҹϣûءϯҶүҲĵմϯͬԪķ̵
һ¾ôˣ뱻壬ϯͬ־Ҫ֮ڣǷϯͬǮȫ塣
幫
塭
ϯͬһż
ϵʱͨ졣
޺޵ĵϯͬÿζ̨һҲû˼ֺڣôûϹҪּҵ£ҪûּңҲûнյ¡
˿̣ȴ˲á
ѵҪΪĶϯڷϵ
ҧгݣܡ
ϯȴʱͼӲ񣬡棬Ҵ󲮴һֱҼߵĶǷ˺üûǶĶҲˣ͵¹Ҵ󰢵û򣬶棬һҪֹ


40 

˭Ҳû뵽ϯ̴ºӵĿ󷿵ˣĶǷ˶ģ
ȻöδӣǰãˣôǷӣ
󷿵ˣߵҪҧгݵĵϯȥϯ˺á
ڳ˭ҲҶ֡
Ǿһ壬ûĶˣֵܣʣǷҲã˭ҶҪӡ
ȻϣʱҲģôû߼꣬ͺͿˣϯͬѹֵܣģôͲŵ
ѳѵһ١
ڷѹ£ϯֲͬòŵ֮ڣǷǮϡ
ڷߺ󣬳Ͼ͵޺ϣĨϯͬТ
ϯͬһ˳󣬾ͳûŮԼҡ
һ˻صʱѾڣ÷վڴſڣƵƵϾǽ֮ɫ
ֱӣȻĻһ
ү̫̫С㣬ȥʤôҲи˸ţūڼң쵣ˡ
û£ȥ֮ǰ֪ͨڷˣڷڳ󷿵Ҳô֣ЦŵҲ˰ǰܵȻǶοɾҪԴˡ
ϯͬҲŮն幫ǶͷǶ̴£ܣô£ȻҪһСȥ棬㣬Ժ۶£ð棬ֻҪúڼ㰢ͺá
ЦӦãȴڼƻţһôߡ
ǰʱϯѾȾ˶񫣬ȥֹϯģһأ
㣬ǻˡȵĲӶҪ˵С蹣Сȣܳ
קŰ֣ǵĴ㣬ûˣ˵Ͱȥ˵ʤϻ˴ʹ֣ȥʤʹһ˴㣬˵ûҪҪðľȥ
ľ߳ϻһ硣
ϴĵϯִӰľϽӹ磬Ѱ蹹ͷôҲ·ֵûˣúõģﻤء
̺ʹ󲮴û۸ǣСֿ򰢵Сϣǹġ


41 ϯ

һ§Сӣû۸ڣǲ۸
һˣϲϲĽݡ
ʮ꣬԰۾Ͱ̽ڼ˺Цţ㣬û°ɣҺͰһֱţ̺ʹǣûôǣ
ĵ谢һ
Цţû£ôˣڴϺúɼô
Ѿ˺ܶࡣԼӣϯСüͷĺһԼ˼ˡ
֣ϸҲܴ⣬ϴοҩҪٳ죬ůЩҾðȥԺ￴ˣ괺ϣ˲ٲˣѾӳˣٹգժ˳ԡ
ʣԸ˼ûУ
˴롣ϯӦ
⼸꣬ÿβͻԸһʮ£һУӶҪȼŵͻ᷸ģֲҸ߰ȼ
֪Ϊӣ˺ܶŬׯ˼ֻԵõģӡ
Ŀģˡ
ʵںȲ¼ҲԼȰ롣
ϣϯϵĲˣ峴߲⣬һ˺⣬һ輦ж
ÿ˼ϯǵһȼˣϯˣҲҪһԺȡ
һֻأϯһԵˣҲܺһ뼦ϯ˹ֽڼ᲻˷ѣϯԲˣͻ¼ӹһ£м輦˿ռȣһԡ
⣬ϯϵĳͣͷͻһء
ʹԣϯ˻ǳԵĽζ
ϯ鼦顣
˷ϯͬϯȥ鷿ϯ蹹ȥˣϺϯϯ˵˻ֱϯ¶һƣ֮ɫϾȷԸȷȥϢִߴϯطϴϴ˯
ϯݣóһİ廨
ݽ͵Ʋ˲谵ڣʱ˼֣ݵС㣬ʱ䲻ˣɣҲϡ
ոգպࡣ
ϯﲻϲģοôȥţҲ˯ţѰ꣬ս
Ժٽ׬㻨Ǯ
һһ幤׬ӣίʵ̫Ҫ취ӲУ󰢵ʮ꣬ҲöϱˣƸû䣬СܣѧѺһīֽȷã͵ýӡ
ﴦҪӣȲҪ׬ܶӣң֧


42  

ڶգ緹ϯͬͰȥѧһĻаľɡ
Ժϯ̧ͷһȥĵıӰתͷľȥ׽ݮҶϵĴ档
߳С㣬ӣ׽Ļͽȥֽ廨ġ
ϯļһֻҶӵðСԴĴ棬ŽЦЦĲã˫ֲ廨룬Ҳò˵õɱˡ
˵ˣ׽ɻܶӣϲ
ϲ棬ľƴҲѲЮƣֿԿḶ́ϲ
ϲ
ϴ߳ϻһӣԾѵ⺢ӣˣƵģ˼ҵĹӣŵ׼У㵹ãѳӵ
ǵС
ǣ㵨ӴҿҪٲҪˡ
̫̫СȻϲɣݮٹվҪûñҧ˻ٽӣСԲݮˡ迴С㱻̫̫𱸣æӿڣæ˵͡
Ϲ͹߽ˣպȥżңܲȥ׽档˶ϯҶһԺֲֲݮġ
̫̫Ҳ᳤ӡ߹ȥֽӹϵıӣ̫̫أôɹӣôԶˣڼ˶࣬Ժʲô£̫̫ɷԸȥ
ɺںԺϴ·˶ˣԺ·ܶһϴҲҪһϴ
ϯϯ蹶Сչˣɾ͵ȥרչϡ
ϳãСڿ죬˼Ļƣ޵ϯҺһֱϵѾʹ
Ļ͵
ּҺ󣬳˵̫̫٣ǸڿģЩģԼŵѾ
һѱɹˣҪòȥԺժԵĲˣš
Ҫ幤ϣŲһ٣Ը裬ȥ˭ˡ
ǣ̫̫
ӦһȥţֻſվŵİˣһŴƹµӣС˴ţ󣬻һ϶˶
龰㶣ʣ˭


43 л

ƹǰһҽ˵ҽݸڲҶ̵ķƹ񣬽ϯСлģȥͨһ
ϯԺѾ˷ƹСľһߣȥſڣүԸģôˣʲôʱѵģ
ϯ뿪ҶʱУ֮¶࣬ϯҲû
˷ƹϯ˳ڶ˼䡣
ƹЦһշ𣬹ػհҹѵģʱ˯ȥˣӻţ˵Ҫһ²µء
ָָֻϵĶү󣬾ͷԸū׼л͹ү˵ǷϯСһ飬ԺϯСѣԾȥүү
Լŵ飬ϯȻɵƣȻȳ룬ֻڻǰǷҵ顣
ϯ¾ƣһѣҪæ
Ҳֻгܰ
շƹҲȥҶһˣæ
ϯѷƹӭϯͬڣϺϯϯСвܳͣϯͲðѷƹӭԺİµľ˻һˮ
ˮݵģԶ˹ġ
ϱǸ˵ƹϡͣⱾдݺȱģҼүճţʵǡίƹˡ
ƹæվ񣬡̫̫̫ˣϯСҼӵĴˣҲǳҵĴˣūɵ̫̫ô˵
ȣңǺӷֳң
ǣҼӣǳү
ϾƵĿϯ
ʲôʱ˳үôû˵
ϯѵֻҵһξ֮Ͷѣûк˵û뵽Ǳүˡ
Ķ˵ҹţҽݵţвǣżʱ˳һ
Ҫ˵ˣñ߶
֪Ů˳һʮ⣬
ȷƹԸСˣϵлж°ʱҲû
л񣬾Ͳûȥ
жһֶԺһַŽݣƹˣ͸뿪
ϴ輸ˣʼ㶫
ĿˮϻûУ¸³ģһâһܣһʯ񣬻һ㽶


44 

ǰ˵ҵׯһˮû뵽ġ
Ц˵ɲôâܣʯ㽶ÿ·ݲеˮ·ݾܳϣɶСĸ
ĿˮϻӺݳСԸ㣬ϻӴǸɹϵҶϵѡƥУǽе¿ƥʺŮһƥصϲɫһƥɫӣʺ͵˴ƥɫӣʺϸ·
ƥϲĹ⻬Ķӣϯ֮ǰǼҵ͵ǡʺǼá
̫̫㿴ﻹΡװѵϻ棬ľУΪҲǳʳ˭֪һһŵ඼ˣûϵĺӡ
һʮͷ档
ǽɫĹâʣ۾
Ҳ󾪣ôôصл񣿡
߹ȥһľУ֮ɫ޴롣
һ׳Ƕ챦ʯͷ棬ӣΣѹޣ׹һʮ
ϯΣͻʮӣͷ棬˵Ҳǧӣôصл񡭡
Ͽϯ˵˵㾿ô˳ү
ֻǾ֮ͣǲôصġ
ϯһֻǶ챦ʯϣһֻϵϣȻһͣһ߲ΪȻҾˣ˳֣ˣǡɱҿҾȥˣ
һܺЩ֮ȡ
ϳũ壬ҾڴﻹϵȣɺͺݳǱȣûȣϳʱѾ˼Ҳ͸ӣһӣһԽ׹һ֧ĽӶʮѹ׵ӡ
ױʱͿҵļҵס
ϯҷּңϯҶӹĽͰ͵ģҲһֱûøԼΡ
ϯܸǣҧóʮӣΣױ
һӣϾûôصΣϽߣǾ֮ͣǾͲճôصлˣΡͻȥɡ
үһѵֵЩ֮أ


45 

ϯժŻȥϸӣⶼǳү˵һƬ⣬ҪͻȥǴ
ǡô죿˵ϿɲҴ򣬿ΡҲա
ô죬£ֻˣүŻˡ
ϯ˵ţӶǺãȥԼȻ
ӵԿףֻУݺﶼûУɹţɲİôõĶŰ
һһ˭ȥ
ȷҪҾ͸óϯ
Ϲ˵ʲôǳү͸лҴϣû˵ŮδְƥʺϸŮ·ĶӣݸϯⲼҲýȥϵˣ͸ԼһȹӴ꣬ﻹûȹء
ôˮԭÿ϶һ·Ҳʡˡ
ºˣⲼ͵ļʱֱ͵ϵĿˡ
ڲ·ݣڿʼգҲԶ·ˡЦ
ϯﱧƥϣŽԸӡ
ȴĲϣüһߣôֲãȻˮװһЩһֱӸ㣬ӸɹһҶͼɹֻͷԸȥһЩȥׯ
ȥġ
ˣ緹ӺӵϣҲǸɹ˻ƵˣûĺóԣҲɾ䣬ϵĿζ
ţﻶϲһЩˮԡ
磬ϯͬؼҳԷϾͰѳл˵ˡ
ϯͬ󾪣ϯ֮ǰͳʶ
ʶϯ˵˼ĽڣٴһޣҲо˳үһУү֪£Ǳ˵ȥĺá
ֲǳ฾ȥ˵ʲôȻлǼҲñһݻǡ
͸ɳʲôȱǼõĳֵĻ񡣡ʹ룬Ҳ벻ʲô
ϯͬҪһ𼦵ץֻɽ˵үôãɽԲд洦
᲻̫˵


46 йŮ

ǱСС˼ңƽյĻҲЩǵ
Ǻðɣ磬ȥׯװһ𼦵ץֻ磬ȥһ˳ҡ϶̵
һԵϯȥңүҽݸڵĲҶˣҺͰһѶȥҶ̾С
ҲҪȥϯͬüԼҹŮʮˣǴˣǳүһˣôùŮȥоá
ϯƲƲ죬Ķˣǳү˵ԴһֻܼҪȥƹлѣ˼ôٷûԾˣҹⲻȥԹȥлҲǸõġ
ϯͬŮ˵е
Ͼүл͸ŮģŮлȥͻҲǳò
ϯͬͬϯͬȥ
磬ϯͬԸȥׯüץɱϥūȥֻǣүһûô༦ɽܳԵôҪץֻɽȳˣūȥׯץ
ץֻһֻСˣôõĳ֣
죬˵ʲôϯͬȴ˰֣ȥȥ֮ǰ
ǣү
ɲٶˣæ뿪
գϯͬʹŰ˳˫ȵʮֻɽһ𼦵һϻӵģһϻţϯһȥ˳ҲҶ̡
ÿʱ֣ݳ˼ҼһųԣھƷԴڹϵڻСʮʱ䣬Ͼǰժ˺ԺԼֵİҶһţװһϻӣ볢ʡ
ϯ︸Ů˲Ҷ̣ϻ
ƹæԸС˰Ѷ£ȥԺԼһǰ˸һճƺõ²裬ǰϯүϯС㣬
ò衣ϯͬ˫Ų豭ڣ޵
ƹЦˣҶֳƵģרõģϯүϲһȥ
ôУͻģֺõģ⡭
ôУϯСҼүľˣ˵ҶһҶ̶ΪƹϯͬĻ
ʱС˽˵ƹүϯСȥһˣ˵лҪ˵
⡭ϯС㣬㿴
һСȥҼүйŮģ˼ҵĵڣƹЩΪѰ


47 

ϯͬҲоãŮȥһ뵽үݣϯľˣϯͬǵͷȥүҪʲô£úûشǡ
ǣ
ϯСˣȥ˺ԺϢҡ
ճһ࣬һҩ뿿ڴӭϣһ˱ſϯûһϯҲûϰ£ĵš
ֱһʱ̧꣬ͷԨƹ˵ҪҰæ
ϯţү輸һá
ȱˣü
գƹѾϯҵµ˸һȻҲ֪ϯȥʮС˵¡
ϯƲƲ죬һ۵ĳ嶯ȱرȱˡ
Ҫʲôãܺ棬ôһСѾͷҪ书ʲô
ϯҲҲûãȻˣʱ򣬻ǻᱻ֪ϯֱ˵ʵǰգҼҵҴ󲮼ңһ˶ǺˣҵǻṷǽĶԸҼңҾŸ輸书ˣҰͰܣиټǡ
ϯֺͬϳϣԲԹԵİǷӶϡ
ǰΪ˻ϯǷµĶծһ˾ܶ񶾵İѶһȫһΣǧӣ󷿵ˣ϶óָûڱĴıء
ɫЩĸ˹
ˣȥδɱˣʣµģҲܽĸˡ
ϯЦۣͷ˹ˣĸ㹻ˡ
һ崰⺰һͼһµˣӴⷭվڳǰү
ѳ壬ţģƼʱϯС¡
ǣү
һӦӰһͷ˳ȥ
ϯȻȥԻȥϯ㡣
лл㡣
ǻˡüУһ˿̽ѰҵǺ棬ϣôôɺϣϯСҹɽ£߻򣿡
ݷƹĻ˵ϯҹҽݵţвθϯȥɽ¡
£ô룬ù졣
һ¹ɵĹС㣬ҹͻȻţһϵв¡
ѵ˵جΣμ׷ɱصȥģ


48 

ɣһš
оλϯСϣʲôܣܣˡȥ̽ࡣ
ζĶϯͷƤ顣
ϯӲͷƤجˣجرʵҪǲ뿴ɽ£ҹȥҽţȥ⻹Ϊ˾㡣
ϯ˵ţվǡ
ں˵ȥˣ˼̫̫ٴȥָǵܣͻᱻ
ϯүδãǺúϢɣҾͲٴˣǡ
ʲô£㲻֣͸ƼԻҡϯҪżʱĳ˵
ϯһͷҲˡ
棬ϯͬȹһǰϯˣǡ
ƹ԰ǰϯͬؼźȡ
ϯͬƴ£Ҳˡ
ʱϯͬһߵʱǷƹŵŮϯͬϯүȥʲô𣿡
ţˣүһ壬ҼûʱżȥĶгô࣬ǿ廹֪˭ˡ
ϯڳŻѡ
˵£Խ֪Խã˲ŻԽȫ
ϯңŮϯͬĶԳȣȥȱˮ߰ɣ
ˣūŻøϻȥӻػͲˡתͻȥˡ
ϯҸŮصңϼϯͬŵĲҶֵѽȥͻģô˼ҵˣ
ƹӲҪͣҲòաϯͬҶݸϣǰ²裬װһ룬ȥƷƷ
ϵİõľһڲ裬ϯͬÿȥׯûƶУͲû衣
һۣոһȥһţȹڣͽһ͹ȥ
ҲУһġ
ϯͬ
ϯͬȥ˵ϯԺԸ
սݣͱĸӰһ˳ϯؿڣôô죬һΪٵ絽ء
үūţū澣ҵ
ĻϯС㣬Ҽү˵ˣ£ܷԸһʱ䣬ĸһǲ
ߣĴѾߣĸСˣĴ£ʮЩУºĹ⣬˶书ҹףЩ£ϯǰ޸ڤ޺֪ġ


49 

ǰѾһԺֻ³ĸѾ̺ΪгˣţĸѾ̵߽书
ʮ䣬һ޲֮СһֳذףɴɱϯҴʮˣȴ۾Ҳգһµĸ֡
ƼǳĴѾеҲǰ̵书ʦǣϤ
ͳţڳ󲻾ã͸˳ү˳үİ޽ҺҲֻһΣôϤ˵ʱĶʮһȥҴɱĻ֣£߲ݣֻһΪ뱨
ɼЩ£Գġ
ϯˣĸȻͰϯҴ󷿺ͶĶԹ˵ĸ˵ϯͰŵ壬һӣиҰϯߣȫ
ǣϯС㡣
幪
ϯֿţţȥӵʤκͻر
ϯСģ飬һáűϹϾ
ģ㰵лҰҰһѾɣǴǱߵˣֻҪ㷢ף뺦ҼˣҾ׼ɱ
һƼϯﰲȥרżϯ塣
ǰϯҶ˵˵ȥϯԴͷϯرע
ˣĸ˵Ҳźˣǳ緹ȥȥ˶٣ϯﻹʵεڰǳԷ
ϯС赣ǣʳǶԼĵ
ҵİϿѵԺ˯Ҳһ׽֮òϯġ
ϯͷ͵׼һЩǴϳԡ
ˣϯС㣬ϴ˸ˮ
ԼĹĵ䣬
ΪˮǱرƷӲߵĶĶ
ĸˣҲҴңȥҲҴңӰ١
磬緹ʱϯ۾ĴһȦûĵĲ֮ء
˰ƼϢ˵ϯ屻Լȥ˶ĹݣȥһֱûӮ˲ӡ
ŵһʮСͯİװ֣۾ģһЦͻ¶Сܿɰ


50 ¶

⺢ӣϯʶǳͯС˳ҶүСˣû뵽Ҳ˹
ϯЦ㽶Сߡ
СٺһЦллϯС͡ȻЩΪʵϯС㣬һȥô
ûȥСóԣ
ϯǵãСһСãڳСѾߡ
СȵϯСô֪
µġϯЦˣʣµİ㽶һװݸȥóԡ
⣬̫ˣūҪССԥһ£ûȥӡ
㽶үϯСԵģܶ͸һūų԰ү֪ˣ÷ȥ׽氡
ϯһţү˲ˮҼ٣Բô࣬㽶׻Բˣ죬˾Ϳϧˡ
СŽˣ߸˵㽶ǡ

ϣϯ㰢ﰢڷ˵ڷðڷɰæ꣬һƬڣҪʱͻȻ䣬ݴһ۵죬һҽдŵϯ˸ɫ䣬ȫȥ
ȵݣһУϯҶˣɫ±ơ
ɣʲôϯͬʵ
ѽɣô¯ɽҩŹˤˡ迴ԼİСʱ˿ȫ˵ϣ߹ˣһصɽҩŹǣ۵˫ֶڲ
ףʲôϯ۾⣬ɽҩŹͷһ뿪ֽϯ߹ȥһ£ɫ䡣
ŵĿһţҪȴˤ̫أһʱ֮ȴɣŭʵɣҰ㲻ɣΪҪ¶һȥ
ǲǶҩǲūŵģģūŲ֪ʲô֪ūġ
ƴҡͷƱ硣
Ųƨ|ɣһһƣʮ־š
ˣƱ磿
˭ţ
ϯСǰҩҩ֤ݣһҪáֿһʹĲŵϯͬϣҪȫˣֱӰȥٸɣ
ֱӴʮȻ˰ɣͱȥٸˡϵ
СС˼ңûǮûȨµľǺ͹ٸ򽻵ȥˣǱ˸棬Ӯ˹˾˹˾һƤĶֻϰգӮĶǹү


51 ҩ

ֻһūţԩ޳ҲûûбҪǣһָʹѵͲ֪붾һ˵˭
һ㶣ȷʵûôࡣ
ǴóһҪ˾ʶľܿ͹˾մȾϡ
ŮֿϯͬٿһǱɣԥү˵أ˽ʣǰɽȥٸ
˽ʰɡ
ϯͬҲȥٸ
ϯҵӱҲֻµȴӹٸҪһɶˡ
˵ˣϯҶҲûˣΨһľһңָʹ¶ˣֻ¾Ǵ󷿵ˡ
ϯϢˣЩʧŹ󷿣ûôס
ϯｨ٣Ǿȥ溰ɣ£ǲڷȻպ汻˶ȫңֶûȥ
УǰȥڷһˡϯͬӦ¡
ϯҶڷԶ֣ͬ·ҪСʱϣڵϹϯûϯﲻϯͬһȥ
ɣȫŮˣȰľСû˸ϯͬһȥ˵ʲôҲðһ˳ȥڷ
ѹϯͬүˣߣȥһڷܿġ
ϯͬһ㶣Ȼϯ񣬾ͱùˣү˸ʲô
ⲻǣҴ˴ʹôү˵ˣǻ鷳͡˸ҡ
ϯû˵Ҫģ˵ˣϯͬѵ
ϯͬȻˣȥһڷѶ᲻Сϯͬǵ˰˵
֪ϯҩοⶼ¶ˣô£ٲܣֿˣҲϯ档
ܣߣͰȥٸ
æǱ̭֪үôҲÿڳҵϣúùܹ׮¡
ϯôţͳ尵ģһƣȻľȥڷ
Ըʰɾϯŵeƻֳȶˣʰ١
Ҳá
ϷԸӣӣԺİϡ
ϯͬԸ裬೴˳幫϶ҲûԷǶ׼ˣһˣ幫ߡ


52 

Ǿ¯ӳԺﳴݾͱȥˡϷԸ衣
Ӧãȥ׼ȥˡ
ϯɹ⣬Ժв˵أӣȥԺժȥˣӿ⣬æ
ϯϣ˴ã
һֱƲϯСѣϯͬߵºһŭƽĵ㣬磬ǶôãԵģģõģһǴδΪλҪ¶ȥ
蹣ǣ˵ûϯץϵһѹӣһྣһ߽ɣһֻİǣжãѺóԺôõģһãҲǶ˺ãñʱǡ
蹾С죬Щѹ
󣬰ͻȻվԵİľʵľһֻ𣿡
ľһ㶣ȻмĺһмΪ֮
ȣأֿվϯİȡ
ȿ϶ҡͷūҲǡ
蹾ЦˣĳŵľȣǶҪǣԺҺͰҲǡ
ϯţǺЦĿһ۵ü۵ɣ蹣¼䣬ĶôǣǰǣǺڵģιȣǸı䲻˰ǵԣҲк֪ܶͼ֮ˣֻʱһ׷ԣҲһӼǵһ֮һᱨ㡣
ƶǶţȻ۾ĿŰľȣĵҺͰǳԺö׷ۼеһ겻ȱ׷ԡ
ϯŵɵĵܵܣ蹣ѧϰһ죬кһأҪǶˣȳԿŵһӡ
ϯͬ۵ĿŮϵȥ㺢ȳԷһ˵ȶ幫Уûúһ𰤶
ǺãǾͰѷ˰ȥԡ
ϯ岻ã󲿷ԼԷһ޺ɹԷдֵȡ
ϷԸɶȥ÷ֳһַˣȥϯȻһǣСӣһŴӣȥ˴ҡ
ϯҷҺң޺ңϯͰﰢЬ޺ɶֽڿİͷˡ


53 

ϯＸ˳˷ˣһˣĵճӺ͵մӣֶõܣ˳һʮˡ
״Ͻףһ׷ִҴһյƣȥ˺Ժժˣ˼쳴߲ˣһ뼦
ţͼô£ô¶Ҫһˣ£ģ
棬Ȼģô飬Ū٣ϯͬһˣȥˤصɽҩŹҩˣɽҩŹĶۡ
ǰϯպõĶҩϯͬҲһˣУɳڷðڷŷ֮ʣһ͵͵ݣɽҩŹ¶үۣСİһˤˣԼҲˤˣ¶мȻϣ幫Ǽģһ˵ʬ塣
ϯͬ˵ţɫѹۺˮϯͬһӣвߴûеˣ˵Ѫ𣬰Ҳ֪˭ĸεģҪһ˵
һصĳݣڰµɣ˵ɣ˭ָʹϯͬһ¶
ûָʹ
ҧԼˡ
ƺǿ׼ϯҶ˶Ǻˣʹ¶ǣҲɱҲܵƤ֮࣬һ³
ֻҪˣͲһ˱֮ˣ˲Źһɱ
ԣƾһˣôʣɾҧŲ죬û취ֻ˶ɵ죬ʮӣȻȥǽһСɽϣ
Ȼ֪ǣɱСɽһӰɸˡ
¶һºϯͬϾһֱģЦգＸ˵Ҳ̽ӣƶԷԼ˲ŪļĻ̡̻
ϯ˸ᣬȰ˵ɵ£ҲѹˣԺһ˶СЩǣݣǶǼĹٻǻᱳǡ
ϯͬԽԽµĹŮ̾棬ֺγǴ󷿵ָʹɣɲ죬û֤ݣҲȥ˵ˣȥ󷿰Ҫӣ˵˵ģͻӣ⼸꣬󷿴ߵĶ˱Ҳȥڷˣ棬ڵʤء


54 ǧ

ϯͬѹ¶֮£Ӵ󷿵˻Ųһ磬ҲûȥڼȥһĽꡣ
ϯ벻ӣǴ󷿵뱻壬Ȼ󷿵˲Ҳӡ
Ȼ磬ľͽϢ
ϯС㣬ŴϢòףһϯĻᣬľ˳
˵ʲôϯ￴ʵ
΢Ц˵˵ϯָͬˣûȫֻǧӣǴӳϵ˽ٳģĽһŻ˵һ£ϯֲͬӣϯ͵͵óȥˣϯֻ֪ͬУŷ˳ϲӵĵط˵ֻҪϯСһ仰Щ˽ӣȫϯСġ
ϯһûּʱϾ͵˶ʮļң˲˽ӣ⼸꣬ϯֺͬӿɾĴӶӣҲڰзһ˲˽ӡ
һ㣬ϵ˽ӣûСһҲǧӣóǧӣϵҲǧӡ
ϯ˷ܣȻŶˣǾ͸߳ţһǮҪ
ǣϯС㡣
ϯֵȳӣóӣ͸򻨶
ϯС㣬Ų򻨶Ů˴ģˣϣһ굽ͷҲһɫķ١
Ǿ˫Ь
ãСȥ߳šЦ˵ӰһĴӴȥˡ
磬ǧӹϯͬһƱӶĶˡ
ô⻹ǵһμôӣЩӻģܲô
ϯͬлֶл󻹴ƱУһƱݸΪл
ƴ˼£Ҳˡ
ʱһ̴ľ׵¡
ϯͬæˣ幫ҼȻӦϵ£Ͳǡ
ˡ
һ̴ľףһЩģ͵ǧӣ˵ΪϯͬҪǧӣʵΪԼҪһ̴ľס
һƣȥ㵽ϯҴ󷿺ͶûӮΨΨһӮҡ
ʹˣϯԸӱҲԸȺѪ档
˵ˣȥһʱ䣬һʱ䣬㹻ϯ⼸ǧȥ׬Ǯ


55 ιɺ

ϣϯͬǲˣϣŮһӵô
˵óǧӣðһЩױƸʣµİ˰űá
ϯ˵һСƸżð죬ȸðһǧӵޣʣµģ˰ӱãһǧȥðʮĶϵˮԺǼҵҲܶһЩ
ݳǵصϵˮһĶʮӣһǧӣʮĶˮһˡ
ʮˣ棬ôǣ
˫ֳ°֧ͣСԴһͬ壬һ־ð˵ĶԣЦһСǽͷݣĶз磬Ķ
ģֻǣ蹻СҪ飬ȢϱȸȢϱˡĵ
ϯЦˣֵ蹣ȢϱҲȢŶСƨһȥ껹ƨء
蹵СһӾͱͨ죬ߣ粵˵ǶǺüˣ˼ڳˡ
ϺϯҲֿ졣
ϯͬȿӣͰǰ˵ģȸðƸױҪٵʱòӣϯҾҪˡ
»ûأð޲żϯ￪ڵ˵һҴҪҿȥιɺˣȴ׬ģ׬ء
⡭ԥˣںϲιɿǴ£Ҳ˵˵д󣬾ûӰ˵ġ
һںʧǴϵûˣϵĻҲȫûˣιɵˣҲ⣬Ѫ޹顣
ȻϳµĴ󲿷ֺƽֻҪιɵˣͻ׬
ԣһЩ˼ңóһӲιɺεĶ࣬׬Ķ࣬ε٣׬١
ֻιɺ͸Ĳһõģιɵĺƽ׬õģʧ٣ͻѪ޹顣
⺣ιɵ飬ϯ֪ͬϸ
ǰշּʱϯͬмӣ˼һȥιɺ⣬׬ӻΪˣصزιɺ£֪ͦġ
ʱ˵ʲôҲͬȥιɺ⣬˶ӣһЩСзԺʣµļӲˣҪһЩϯβϯͬûȥιɺ


56 Ȱ

գϯ£ϯͬ۾ˣϢ׼ȷ
׼ȷǧ׼ȷ
ǰĸմϢǼٵô
ң˵ǳߵϢмô
ҵ񣬿ɶǳһڴûбȳġ
ϯͬͬϯ飬ǧȥιɳҵĺ⣬ȴĲĵүǧӣһʧˣӿɾʹˮƯˣǿҪðױƸӣɲܺҲιɡ
㣬ͷİɣһȶĺ·ߣҵĺҲδ£ݳǵһЩ˼ңϸҪιɳҵĺ⣬һأа˳үһϵڣҲòǼӣ˵£ڳԣҲ࣬Ҳ׬һӡ
ܹιɽҺ˼ңǺͳеݣ˽¹ϵܺõѣѹͲ벻ҵĺ⣬˼ҳҲǵӡ
ԣγܿϢʵǿϯһķϣҪϯҶһѡ
ιɺ£ϯͬϯ˫˫޳ɣϯ룬Ҳͬˣϯͬ粻֮࣬ҲȰϡ
£ôˡ
ҹζ࣬գĵĴ£ϯͬȥ˳Ҵ£ڳҺϣιǧ⡣
ʣµİ˰ӣӣȥΣ͸ϯһģһģǸðƸ⻹ͷ棬һһ
µһӣð˼±죬Ǹϯðļױ
ֻǣӲ࣬ðЩ󣬾ʣ޼ʣµʮӣϯһӣһԶӾͻûˡ
æŸŮðױƸʱϯҲæżƻϵӡ
ǧӵĵգҲϯǧ߰Ʊ
Ӹļˣǧӣϯֻ˶ӱãǧӣϯﶼģȥιɳҺ⡣
˺ƼϢ˵ϯ鲻ãڶķӣˣĳӡ
ϯЦˣ䣬ŵ̫ݡ̫ˣҵ𣬵ʱ򣬴һ˶ǲŽʯͷԼء
ô˵ҲôǶլ


57 ߳

һպҹϯĴÿˣϯС㣬ˣƼϢ˵ϯҴٸսˣֽһǧӣҽϣǩĻǶү֡
ʲô
ϯʱŭˣԭ˯ԺԴҲһˡ
Ѹ´·ĳţֱĳ
ʱչʱڣֲָɶĳȴƻͨȻ죬ԶһȺĹ˻󺰴С
ϯɫߵĳſڣҪȥͱſվ׳סˣӴǣĶСѽôҷģһѵģ
ǹͷûװɣѵδģ
ۡҿ˵İɣѽ̣֣ۡҵĸ첲Ҫˡ
׳Խ˵ԽȻϯСһͽץסӵĸ첲Ѻ۵ģϳһ亹첲ҲԼˡ
һӴ󺰣߶ĳģ
Ӹæˣһʮֱ˹ȦȦΧĺϯˡ
һԷʮ֣ĵĿϯһۡ
һˣԸʮ֣϶ȷԼȫˣɴ޲֮ϯС㣬ֻ½գ˶Ҫˡ
Щڣô֮ǰûѳϣŮĳ£óԿ
أͼϯǺһЦȻ̧ţһ֣ݺȥ

һžһٰʮŽĺӱߵĸһڵϹ˺üȦײ˺üӣǽ°ӴӴͣˡ
Ӵ߹Ƕˣˣϴҵ߹ǱǳǸ߶ˣϴһҪұ𣬰˫ȴϡȫϣһҪȫͷϣӴˡ
һŮˣޣٿޣӻ㼸šһɤĴˣӶ¥
ӿһǽǸ޵һѱһѵĴ֣һȥŮ˶򲻹ޣ涪ӵˡ
æԸ˸СܣѴȥȻڴĵĵϴŮ˲򵥣ҪСĵҪ̫
ߣҲǸŮˣŮ͸ܵģͷ¶ܣ˵Ļ
˵ţ߽ϯ´Ȼüͷ߳ģ


58 Ŀ

ǡϯ΢Ц㡣
ңָԼʲôѵĳ˻ȥģ
㣬Ȼ£ܲǴҶվſ˵ɡϯʾȥ̸
ӹЦõɫ롣
ĳʮ꣬⻹ǵһиС̤С￴壬һ侲ȻֵıҪƵ
Цţϯ¥˴Ը˺ˮͽ
գӿʵ
÷·ϯңϯһ֧ϯﵭȻϯĿģϯ壬ʲôˣ
Ǵ󷿵Ĵ֣ǶͷּǰգΪһ£ʹ˺ƤڵĹϵǶûһ˺á
ӵɫʱ䣬СӣȻƭӡ
Ը£ϯ
ϯһǧӣûѾ˶ӣڸת˵Ӯʮӣأͱ˴Ȥ
Ҫ𼸾ȥһתͷǶĳ£ϯæһЦ££
ϴҪ㣬ȥ¥һˡ
⡭£ϴҪң˵ʲôôϯ岻ȥƹһɣ˫ˣĲĸµ
ĳĺϴϯôˣҲֻΣʱһΣϽʱȻּһΡ
ϯ屻ƹ϶¥ʱһȥϯͿǶȲϯϯ۾˼ĵѾͷô
ǾҪʴֿϯЦĿ˵գһֱĳ˻죬˻Ͱˣӣ缸ǰͷּˣҲܲţǣΪҪдҰ֣
ϯɫ΢䣬ô֪
ͱ֪ϯȻɵĸ˼Ҫǩݣ˷ּҺüˣӣûдҰ֣ȻŽպĳȥҼҪӣҼҲϣδպ鷳֣㻹ǩһŽݰɡ
ҼǧӣôͲдˣҼӣҽӣд֣쾭ģ˭˵ˣ


59 

ϯϯҪдȻͬ⡣
οƽ˴ǧӣŽһǧӣǧûء
ϯתתϴĵЦϴҰǷǧӣҲŽһǧٽǧҰ廹ˡ
ϯﱻĲҪЦˣ֣ǧӣ󷿻ҶģôҼҵƵģ
ʲôģҴ󷿵ˣҽ𣿡ϯһƤĺȻû裬ƾʲôҪҼһӣ
ûӣǴȴҼӣһ쾭֮¡ϯﲻʹԭ򣬸ϯںϴǰȥֱӿϴ󣬵ϴϯӣдҰ֮ݣǲϣǲҰǩģЧպȥҼҪծҲҪӣҲңϯɲŴģϴ鷳ϯǩݣдҰŽݣϣϴ˺ˡ
ֶӣǩ֣£ûǸȥٸүҲǡ
ҪھȥeĶķϴ֮ʮ棬ǽҲϿɰɡ
ϴɫͱˡ
ϯ壬ɫ𺣬СӣȻҺŪӣǺǡӵС
ϴ㡭㲻ҪŮ˵ĹҡҷģֻҪдĽȥҰҪӣһģϴҡ˵Ķġ
̸ܡϴһ߹ȥϯ߷أȻƹȥСӵĽҳдһš
ǣϴ󡣡
ϴˣƹҲ£æȥϯǩĽݶ˳
һš
һŶӣһӣһŵһǧӣҲǽϽģǰŵĽ棬дĶϯ֣һŵĽ棬дϯͬ֡
ƹдϯֵͬĽݣ档
ϴŽݣݸϯСѾͷӾ˵˵İ졣
ĳжĳĹأǰĳֻƾǩծ˭ģ٣ǶĳܣֻծСѾͷһϯݣ˭ӣ͸д˭֣Ҫд֣ǲҪˡ


60 ϴ

ѵдʵ϶֣ӻȥһʵ϶ȥϴĬһ䡣
ϯЦϴͨ͸ͺãɲôһô
㣬ܴǩ½ݽӣҪˣ
ôӣôӣ˭˳ۣͰ˭дȥϣֻ¾Ҫˡ
ڣϴһ˼ͨ͸Եˣͨһ㣬֪͸ģϯܸ˵ĳͷԺ󣬽ӳȥ֮ǰҲȥԷһ£ܻܲӣǻǶĳҪˣ
ǿ˼һֻ첲˼ŮҲΪǶĳкڣš
ڽ̵ңѵң
ϴССƯһСȻһѵͱЦˡ
ҹĶĳССãûûץûΪѾ壬ã嵱壬Ȼѵ
ôĳѵҪһС̣
ÿӵˣҪȥһ˼ҵļҵӣöжٸֲŹ
ϯһڣҿûн̵㣬Ҳûѵ㣬ָֻһ䣬ҪĳþÿȥͲҪ˺ޣ˺ޣ
ϴɫҪɱ˰㣬ϯϽָǶĳû˵ˡ
ϴɫǺܺڣϯֵɫˣҪȥˣУԺϯٽӣɲдҰˣдˣҰҲϣҲˣøȥ˾Ҳ˴󷿵ˣϴӦòԸҶԱãô
֮ǰϯﻹҪϴԵͷӦ£ȻǰߣٴӦϯӣд֣ǰһˣ
ϴģƯСϲĵˣ
ǣȻǣⲻǲôϯٺһЦΪ֪һʲôˣŸڴҹ
ǰΪ˵࣬ʶ˺ϴ֪ϴ˽۸棬۸ӣŮˣҲȵ˼˼ҲΪˣĳܶӽȥղһ㣬öĳ˲ӡ
ʱ䳤ˣĳȥˡ
꣬ϴɢ˶ĳÿֵǶһʷǲɢѣԼȴڴ֮ʧӰ٣֪ϴȥ˺δ


61 

ϯãϴĶĳɢʮֿϧٺϴĶĳҪҶĳҪĶ࣬Ҷĳǽȥˣͱٳ
ŽȥҲǺų
ֻҪĳн֣ɱ˷Ż޶ҲѽϵӴչЩĳϴĶĳֱ̫塣
Ҳˣϯڴҹʶλϴ
ϴһɣȻԸˣҪϯдݣϯ岻дϴĴһģϯˣдһŽݣ֮ǰдϯͬĽݣϴҲϯ˺ˡ
ϯĸǡ
ϯѾͷţҲȥ㡣
Ҳʣ۸Ů˵ĵˡϯһۣܿӲ
֣Ҿ㣬´ٸҴҼӵ⣬Ҿ͡ɱ㣬üס
ϯɲĸɱˣƲƲ죬ҪôܰѶǧŪ
ɲҪ棬ʱڡϯϯ֪ûһ£˺ߣתȥ
Ӷĳ컹ܺڣһʱϯıţֱṦܻ˼ҡ
Һϯﵹͷ˯
룬ϯңȥ˲Ҷүѽϵ˵ү
˯ˣϾ˯ţڿ˱һ룬ˣüҹϯҳʲô£
ϯСղȥһ˶ĳ
ĲŸտһͷüѾͷôôϲҹĳţȻҴĳͲ˼ץ
ʮСѾͷǻǶһͣţϸ壬ֵӡ
Ƕĳˣмõģȥõˣ׷Ź
ǳ˳飬ĳĺϴ壬ûΪϯС㡣
ãһģȻôĶ֪һŭˡ
ȷӦüҪΪѾͷģѾͷҰҹȥɽٴĳƺҲô׵¡
ְϯúϴѺϯд飬һֲ©ȫ˵һߡ
ˣʱתã΢΢
ϯصҺҲһֱû˯ţһֱڻǰ顣
ǰϯ˺üζдȴȫԼϯȴˣȻдϯͬ֡


62 Ů

ƼŵĿ죬ȻȵĳţŻ֪£Ȼĳӣ浽һգǺ鷳
˾ȷӣ˷ʱ䣬Ҫĳˡ
أôû𴲡
һ磬Ͼˣۼ緹ˣϯﻹûݣϾͺʻ
֧֧˵С㻹ûѣū澽йһ飬С㷭˯ˣСϺû˯ãū澼С۾Χˡ
Ǿ˯ɣգҲۻˡ
϶ʱŮ
һգϯ˯Ͳѡ
ϯʱŵ̫̫ĸŮ
ڵ̫̫ʱŮŻϯҴӣ̫̫ϹϵܺãϯŻҲǹѡ
ϯ֪ŻˣûԣҴϴãҪȥãŻˡ
ˣ˵岻ãʧأŻôû°ɣ
ŻΪϯ|ˮŻ˯á
ϯҲ|ˮڣû£ǸˣЩϢվͺˡ
ǾͺãŻÿ|ˮҲ۵ҪֻҪڴɼգ|ˮˣӲŲۡ
ϴ򿪵ĵŮҩЧͦãҪҪԿŻ࿿ϯС
򿪵ҩ
ҩû
ˡȷʵˣֻÿ|ˮʱʹ̣ҩҲûôã˵Ӻʻı䡣
ˣôۣ
˵쳣
ŶŻûټʣһ£˵ҥ
ʲôҥ
⼸գϯﶼڼңٳţţҲûӴˣѹͲ֪ĸӺʹǺŮøĴš
˵·ϣҴ򣬽һһϱҰ˵֮ǰмҪϯҽ׵˼ң⼸Ҳû֨ӦĺŮ
ϯܸգй̫̫ýϯѰһ˼ң̫̫Ҳ𣬰Ҳ䣬վͷų˿ڷ硣
ϯﳤƯԸҲºܸͣգ̫̫ܶۿΪϯðʮӵĳޣˣûգм˼¶ҪϯҶ׵˼
ԭ̫̫ţԼһ࿴˭֪һϾţϯˡ
Ȼĸһϯˡ
⺷Ůһû˸Ȣϯ


63 ܻ

ŻͬĿϯǷᣬô򣬿˲ȥ˵һСĲǣ㰴ϺŮԺôҷңҰ˵Զһ˼ңҪ֪֪׵ģ㰢ܷ޹ȥ
ϯʱף̫̫˵£ϲûȥ
˳ǣҲԶޣҰһŮԶˣҰһңңҲ밢ﵣģԶޡ
ˣˣһӾżˣﰢ󣬸ȢϱԺٸܴӡ
治ԶްŻ˵Ұɽһ㣬޵Ǵ˼ң檣˵Ǳ˸ӣʮ꣬Ǻͣûףɽ뺼ݳԶһЩȥһˣ͵·̡
ӣǾӡ
ԼһӳԿͳӵϣŻһֱʹ˵ѹҲʮίҸ˵
ҪԶһӣίˣ˭˵
Զչ˲ίˣֻԼѪ̡
£һͬ⡣
ȻϯŻȥø̫̫ʺʱ̫̫ɫЩÿ϶±ϾܾˣЩ²ӡ
ϯ̫̫ǺܸˣЦ˵󷿸ǶǸˣҺھô꣬⻹ǵһμϸǵͷǺǺǣգ˰ȻɨѴˣ㰢ˡ
ǰҪңҿ϶ҡŻ
ǣǿĳ˳ǣЦЩӲǴɩ̫ˣﱻƵûӣŻᡭʵҼҰˣºֹɡ
ڣ⻰м˻ţ
º͹ɵС㣬ɨѴ򳤱
ٲԣаأôҪһСȥͷˣ
С㣬һӲƢ
ң͸ɨѴ򳤱ȥżңùӴ򹫹Ű
ˣЩ֮ǰҪϯҽ׵˼ңϨ˼һʱ֮䣬ϯʽֻʣһŮҵıš
Ͼ£̫̫Ҳû飬˻ǡ
ϷԸɣﱧ̫̫ܳûȥԡ
̫̫۾֮ǰĲһɨգ·ݣܾˣ
ϵǣⲤǱ˼͵ģһЩĹӣԼԲˣ͸Ҽ˼


64 

ǸãضһҵĸǰԵܡ̫̫ܣ߸˵ĺŮȥˡ
żĸŮϾͺϯ˵̫̫׵¡
˵Ǵ˼ҵӣɽôԶҾûͬ⣬㰢ӣǼҳһΪӵĿɲ㲽밢ĺ󳾣ο˼ö࣬ϵӣ߰¾͸࣬ϱģҪѹţҪѹţĶֱӣԺĺӣҲҪһѹ
ΪԹ̫̫һᣬͱϾܾˣǶûǹ
ϵͷβôﶼ޸ӣһҪ޸ӣ¶ԷһЩǴҲùȥ˼ϱ
ϯӦţȻϣһӲ޵ģͿһڰߣҲõȥϱᱻ۸
˵ʲôдһӲ˵ģϰȦڲϵǳҪ治ˣڼһӵϹţҸ㰢պţղ۾
ˣϯԹˣðɣҼޣҲԶޣֻ޺ݳǵģŮԺżʲôίҸ״Ҳ㡣
һ㣬Ǻϲıϡ
ϾϯһŮҲԶޣֻ޵ĽһЩպĸŮҲ㡣
ֻǣϯҪһżңѡ
㲻õģµȹһصģҾͻˣοҲʮ꣬ʮżҲ
ʮżңǺͣʮżҵģҲв٣Ůڼܳ裬Ҫһģʮ׵ĹҲкܶࡣ
ʮ껹żҵģǾϹͻڸ
һ룬ϯ˵е͵ȥżһˣ̫̫˵ʮˣżҡ
ϻӦһԭ
һأϯҲιɳҺӣ׬ˣʱӶŮðױ
ϯһŮŮףױܶðͶðЩΪױ٣żң±ŵһӡ
ϯﲻ֪Ĵ㣬ͬˣϯһȻֺǺǵĻطѰһ߻ꡣ


65 巻

գȥżңӺԺժһ߲ȥ̫̫˵⡣
̫̫Ͳϵˡ
գҲû;ܾ̫̫²ŻɻصҺ󣬾ϸ룬ҲϵĲᡣ
̫̫Ǹ֮ͨˣǵ㲻죬Ҳûˡ
棬ʱϯżң̫̫͵ʱҲãҥЪȥˣ£ҲûȥǵˣʱѰѰһһú

ϯõİһȥ巻
ϯʮͿʼһֱ꣬巻ӻ꣬ϯɶϸ幤Ҳã巻µϲÿкõ¶ϯӡ
ҾͲţղһ巻ЦŽӴϯ
ϯѰóݸ¼顣
ֻһۣЦһܲġ׼õĶӣݸϯǹǮúá

ϯӣȻݽ
ÿΣϯҲһЩӵļ򵥻ϾҪɻҪϴһ˵·ӵʱҲ࣬׬һһġ
һӣǮÿϯݶʮӣ׬ʮǮ
Ȼ࣬Ҳݸ˺ܾˡ
ӣݾЦŵС㣬ȥʱǹȥҦǣӻȥ԰ɣū澺þûˡ
ҦǳһһǮյõĶʮǮҲ͹ӣһǮҲʣ£
ٺ٣ū׬СǮΪ졣ݾãЩӣǶԵģҪǲӣҦǹӣûóء
¼ͶĵĿģҲû£ʵҪҪһȥ
£ԺҶˡϯЦԺһŰ£׼ˡ
жټ£ͳûˣ㰢һ˴УһС㣬ڼҲ廨ҲƵĻšºϲϯҪǲٽǻ巻ʧ
ºԺȰϯϯ̬ȺܼˣҰͷϵĻԺҲٽҼ˲ˣԺҰҪˣҲûʱȥ


66 ̨

ϯﲻӻľۣ˵ҲҪ¸ˣ㰢˵ˣ
ºһͣʮ꿪ʼ巻ʱ򣬶»巻һ˺֮֮ȥСӵġ
Ůʮˣ巻˽ʮ巻öϽӵģҲΪ巻׬˲ٵӡ
ĸŮҪˣЩˡ
ϯߺ󣬶¾ͼȥҴˡ
ȴĺܿ϶ʮˣ˶ʮ꣬ȥ˫۾ͲҪˣ˼ϯҲȱӣֺαΪ˼ء
Ѷ˵߷߲ѡ
ȵӻʱҲûȰһڰζĵĸûȥϯԡ
ϸмл
ȻǼպ£ʱ˿̣ݺϯҦſڣŶ򳴹ӡ
ŶģӹתĴţһҲͣЪ
ҦǲԶһ̯Χ˲ˣ²˵С㣬㿴Ǳ߻аڵ̯ģҲ֪ʲôģһǹȥ
ŶġϯֻɨһۣȤȱȱ
ѵһˣôȥ˹ӣϯ˳ȥ̯
ڵ̯һʮͷǰ˲ٶһĹŶƿа߳С⣬һЩС棬Сڼͼں̨ʮ鳤ֵʯͷ
ϯʯͷǸ˰죬Ҳûʲôãоͨʯͷ
Ҳһ飬ⲻǺʯͷôⶫҲ򣿡
϶򡣡ϯһں̨ϸꡣ
ݿţĵС㣬㿴ʲôûðŪˡ
̨ţٿϯǿ̨һںī鿴óӣīϵۣϸĵĲһǣ¶һīĿ
ϯīһߣϸȥĿī飬һĿȥһī飬ϯﶼˣһһǣϸԱһ¡
ͷֻҲʼۣЩͷˣС¿ôϸǼī鶼һģһĻǿ̨ҲǴһģҪͷЩ


67 

ϯԣͷеī飬ʣү̨īһôһӣ
ī飬㶼Ҫˣ
ţﰢܶ࣬ȥһ顣ϯȥһֻСС⣬ȥĿ۾ûī϶
ͷû뵽ϯҪīǿ̨ˣĥһ£Ϳ۵ʮӡ
ʲôͼīһ̨ҪʮӣôȥǱīī飬ҵĸɾʣһһ飬ģǻҳҪʮӣǲץͷ
ץͷǺݳǵ˼ץ׷Ҫۡ
ͷһ˿飬˰죬͵ʮӣʮӣҾͲ⼸īǿ̨Ҳʮӣܲһͷ׬ɡ
ʵǼį̄ӣһŵ仧ģմ˻ҳģҲû˿һֱȥ
ϯü۵ӣúʣʣˣҾȥ򼸿ɾī顣
⡭̫ˣʮ
һǮӣۡ
ϯ˵ţվҪߣͷæţӣʵ̫ˣҶҪˣС㣬㲻ͷ̫࣬ͷηĶ̯ҲףҪټһӣ
ιͷôô£ҼС㶼˵ˣһǮӣˡ
ǸƢͷĥĥģ֪ղ˵ʲôʮģǼٻ
ģ¾ǰڵ̯ģҲⱾ
⼸īһûյġ
ϯٴҪߣͷˣˣˡ
ӣ׬˶أͷ̵ģȴ¶һҿ˵ӡ
ϯͳӣӸͷȻóղŲīӣٵİīһ̨
ҪͻȻԱһλϵį̄
ϯ￴ҲûԷתߡ
׷ҳһӡ

ӡ


ԽԽԶ˻ͷʱڵĳӶˣȥį̄ǡį̄Ѿ˼ҵˣûҲÿ˼СԸԸ


68 ׷

ιҶˣŻģ׬һʣΪβ
ͻȻ֣סϯ͵ȥ·
ϯ̧ͷ俴Է񣬡ôҲ㻹ǿ򲻳ɣ
Էʮֱ䣬ţӡֱһ߶Ű㣬Ϻëֱ˫ʶӣһ뵽Ǻī˫ȾǶ˵ϣˡ
ǵǣֻǡ
ϯٴ϶ԷĻǿƵһģǶҵģҵĶԸҲԸǳһǧӣҲ
˵꣬ϯŤͷߡ
ݵһӡģģû뵽ҪҼСį̄治Ҫ
ͶӡҧͶȥıӰ
ϯ˼ī飬һ̨ʮֵĺãӡǶСҲܿ챻ȴԺȥ˱īֽ̨ī飬Ȼؼˡ
ݿį̄ʵС㣬㲻īôô飬СүҲòôడ
֪ΪˣһֱҪеį̄ôϯصЦţΪ̨īǺīʷϻ˲õĹƷѾܼˣУҲ˼ղţûá
ǰ⼸į̄ǱӡߵģҲûղأڳүϣ͸˳ү
ǵãʱүյһ̨īϲͼϲҲˣ࿴һ̨ī飬Ҳס̨ϵ̵һϷˮͼ
ղţڵ̯ϣһ۾Ϳǿ̨ǰӡ͸ү̨һģһ
Ȼģ̨ϵ̵Ϸˮĺӣ֣ôóڸҲǲסġ
ٿīϵĵ񻨣Ҳӡ͸үһģһϯﻹʲô׵İ
̨ī飬Ծǰӡ͸үס
öϯвĵ
ϯʱ俴ӡ̯ϻϯŻȲͷҶį̄ԼӿֿŽһǱӡˡ
ӡһ۾ϳīŻϯ׷ᡣ


69 

Ҫϯ̬ȼӡǻһֱţֱӦѱΪֹ
ϯ˵ǻСֽ׶ΣôصīȥãǱ
ūˣСŻī͸λүá
ţ˵ˡ
ҺϯѼį̄ĸɸɾȻԸһľӣСĽղؽİٱ
̨ī飬ֽϯֳݣܣһһݡ
ϯȥѧϿˣϯڣϯ˰Ҧǹӣȥԡ
ϯʮָˣлл㡣
㣬ӣҲԣ㻹Լųԡ˶֪ϯﰮྐྵӡ
رҦǹӡ
ֻҦǹӹһǮһⶼҪϯ⼸ӹĽͰ͵ģҲ᲻þȥҦǹӡ
ǹڣöǮȥдá
Ůʵڲˣ۹ŮŻȥҦһŮ졣
ϯĶ࣬ԺóһʱˣǰԵģţƵʱ򣬾ྼ
ֲǹңòءǺҵĻȴ
ϯˣЩɬ
ЦҼҰҲ֪ˡ
㡣
ϯյֱţŤͷȥ
ϯҽ˵ĳ࣬ǵװϣϯͬǣϳʮƯеòǺݳǵһվǰɫ֡
ϯͬŴɫͳĿݲٷ磬ϯŴɫݣüĿ续رϯţٳţļһ˿İ𪣬ʹôһ˶
۳࣬ϯܣϯƯϯ蹵ڶϯֻŸȻϯòˣӵ֮ɫϯϯǰϯﻹǲôһ֡
ϯ㶵ĿϯܣҲ֪ԺĸŮи޸㣬ⳤ࣬ǿţñˣ̫ˡ
Ůӵġ
ҪǱ˵ϯ϶˵ϯֻϲ̵ģ٣ϯȫ»һõĳֵĶְ㣬һһǴķ
ϯ˻ϯҪȥݮ׽ӣϯ㣬Ҳȥ
ϯ˼գѺöˣԳɹɹ̫ýʣա


70 ̫ҽ

ϯãͷԸȥһЩ·ϯϣȻϯȥԺ
ܶ˶Ժ׽ӣ͵С㣬үǶūɽҩŹҪҪȺһ룿
ϵɽҩŹˣˣϯͬɽҩŹⲻһ磬ȥ˲Źɽҩˡ
һʱոպá
ϯﲻϯˣȥʢ
㣬Сʱ͵ˡÿܺͼһԷϯֵʱ̡
ϯÿͲܳݣԷҲڴϳԣЩ´ˣ˾ͻһ޺ϳԷ
ϯСС٣û˼ҹô࣬ʲôʳԣ޲ϯңûء
ÿϣһ˴ˣһԷʱϯͬϲ˵Щ˵ӶŮϯҲ˵Щѧԣ˵£ͳϯһ󰮺á
ϲ֣ż˳Է
⼸գյãã˳Է¾ͺһʱ䣬Ҳˣ
ϯﲻ֪뷨Ϊûͼ׽ӣȴڻǰһ¡
ڳʱ˵ݳǿ·Ǳ߸ϻһλ̫ҽ˵̫ҽҽرóС
Ҿү󣬾Ͱ󰢵ܵһ䲻ãȲãǺ̫ҽΪүβүʲŽĸıˣֱǰүġ
ֻҪŲţԼˮүϾͲ
İϯﰵ¾һҪ뵽̫ҽβ
ܸۡ
ˡϯͬһԺӣͼһ˫Ůһ׽棬ЦǺǵĴչô˭׽Ķࣿ
ǰ׽ĶࡣϯһλðܣӲ밢
ϯͬˣϯСԴģǾӣ͸ŵСŮӡ
õʲôϯۼ⣬һϻӣͺҪȥ򿪡
ϯͬǷƹĵģ˵ǰζӵӸ⣬ճģȺء
ϯͬϻӸϯǽȥԣȥǰ
廨
ϯϻӣԸݣȥüСӵȥȻŴ󰢵ܣȥ˷á


71 ͵

ϻӴ򿪣ϯŵһɹζ㻹ðӦǸճá
ϯһӸ⣬ϯϣȳԣ˾Ͳóˡ
ˣ󰢵ܾͲܳԣֻܳζ
СϯСװһӸϯϯܳԡ
ϯԼҲװ㣬㻹в٣ݺͰһ飬һ˳飬ܶԣһͳԷˣԶ˸㣬͸óԲ·ˡ
㣬ҳһСϯѵûĸ㣬ǰƣŵ˳Է
ϯ˼㣬ԼҪȥϳԡ
ݷϵĵģС㣬ūȥͰɡ
ã԰ɣȥ
ϯ˵ӣ˷ãȥݡ
ߵſڣϯҪţϯͬ˵㣬˵ǳүǸʲô˼⼸գгҵĹȥÿζʮӣ˵ǳҼҰҪ򣬻гЩϰ̫̫СҪ򣬲Żô࣬˵ҲԼ꣬ǰõĶԼôԼĶãܵǼ򣿡
ϯͬѹ˼˵үôǲǻڻľ飿
Ӧðģҡͷ˻飬ҺϯҲûϵˡ
գƹһܼģײ̣˵ǳҵףһλС檵˼ûˣһںɼľס
һںɼľ⣬ණһ˶ٶӣ㣬ôãүչǼأϯͬüͷĶܼһֻ۷ȥ
Ҳúˣţ㲻˵⼸գҵĹܼңȥôȥǾչء
үվǷǰһֱ֪ӸӣǲգԲűչǼӵɡ
ϯͬҲֻô²⡣
ϯֱüҪŽȥͻȻ⴫һ˿ϯüĿɭ䣬Ѹٱڣһһˡ
ϯתͻȻӷǰϯʵղ棿
Ҳûôģȥ͵ϯү˵强Ŀ⿴滺ɣǿ죬Ȼûץס
͵£࣬ܶʮѸ١ϯ伥Ц


72 Σ

ϯС㣬һΣҪһֱʵ
ϯЩɬﲻֱӸϳȥΪﶼ֮ˣԵ޹ʰɸϳȥ϶ͬ⡣
ɴӰϯҵѾߣ񶼿ʮˣʮ꣬һֻСҲᴦ飬οһˡ
¶ķ֣߹ʹ¶ĿǰΪˣѹ˺üգŻ
ʱԵ޹ʵҪɣﶨͬ⣬ģΪһɣ˰ģֵ
ŰɣôҲһʱٸߡϯ૵
С㣬ں˷ˣūү̫̫һ˽
ŶôͰںˣһðءϯ̧̧ϵĵӣµһɽǰͷϷġ
Цˣү̫̫˵ūȥ˳꣬ū澻ΪСڷأū澺ү̫̫ҪȥСﺰСء
Ǻǣô࣬ôоǴ˵
ϯݶڷãڷð꣬ô᲻֪ϯ
ϯЦЦûдɵĻѻֻȻҪԷˣģҲܳˣҾͷ磬ü̫̫ԡ
ǣС㡣
ϯͬϣݵ˳
ϯںˣǸȥԷˡ
߰ɡ
أ
ڷأû㣬һ顣ϯŰﶼ֣ϯͬ
˷ϺͰ˯ȥˣϯͬȥϯͰѳƥ˳Լȹ
Сģһƥܲó·һʣºܶ࣬ϯѲϰãַŻ
ûϯһ·
ϯҲѵĲڿⷿأȥãһ·
õģС㡣
һ˵ԼҲѴ˵ľͳӣûãЦһ黨ɫϸ޲
ǽеĻӣС㣬㿴ǲǺÿݷ²ϯ￴
֮ǰýţϾûѣ˴󷿵ǧӣӣŸ˶һϸ޲ѡ
ϯȰľĲϣҲȥǲ߻


73 

ȥóӣȸ뵽ľûڼңѧָĿڣȥС·Ҳ廨һܸһ·ȸ
ڿ죬´Ӳ͵˵²ϣųӣܳȥˡ
һųӣһɫĲϻˡ
ͶˣѣҲ
ʱŻˡ
ʮҪٰ콲ᣬȥȥŻԼϯһȥġ
ȥҺͰһȥ
ϲμᣬʦΰҪٰͽᣬϸӲϯҲһȥ
Żǰȥ¶û˵꽲ɽһλĴʦݳȥ˲٣ݳܱ߼سǶв˻ȥҪǲǰȥ䣬ȥˣûضסˣʱ򣬻Ҫɽɽס
ȥˣϯʡ
ŻҰҲǸող֪ϢŸȥҲ֪ܲܶ䡣
ȥ
ϯæϵĻȥ˺Ժ˵ء
ڲ˵ϯ߹ȥ¶һ˵æ²˳٣ūȥһˡ
ʣµ磬ͽӺӶ֡
һȥҲ֮ܳǰϻϯһСɢӸ裬·Сġ
裬ϯͻӡ
Ż鲼ȥĿۣĶҪ
ӣǰڳׯҪʮӲһ·أɹˡ㰢ôøѽ
лʱûھӣŻಢ֪ǳģ͵Ļֹһѵӡ
Ǳл񡣡ϯҲûţȴûŻ࣬лǳҡ
˭ƴ֣Ȼôصл񰡡Żķ²ϣȻһһྐྵӣһߺϯ죬ⲼϵĻӣˣ˼ҵС㣬ϴĶӣտ㸣ˣһӾӵ
ЩģкܶĽ
ʮ־ȣӣôôһʮӣ
Թԣ̫̫С㣬һһֻŻʮӣһ鲼ϾʮӡǴأ


74 С

뵽СвⲼأҪСóȥʮһ飬Ҳü˰ɣ
ŻǽׯӣȻֵۡ˵Щ˼ҵ̫̫С㣬һΣҲʮӣοһ·ʮӣ˵ֵġ
С㣬㴩ϣǴʮϡС㣬ҪǣȥeѴ㻹²ӻءᾫϸݣŬԼҵС㡣
ϯЦİһۣڲȱӻ˼ҵȥˣ򣬾ΪǵӣȥСҳʲôˣ
һ壬ūûôࡣӶʮӾһ·̫˷ˡ
Żڰ½֮ǰ·ʱ򣬴Щ˼ҵСǰȥ࣬ǣ᲻һӵӡ
ñ㣬һ㣬ΪҴһѣ˼Ҿͻǵ񡣡ϯ
һ·ı䲻˼ҾҾȲ˼ң˼㣬Ҳ˵ʲô
ڸ߲ˣڵײˣ벻ӣǾҪŬ߶ȣû˸ˡ
ŻƲƲ죬ྐྵӡ
ݼûƬ̣һӣ۵ĸζھţǿǴҦġ
ȥѹӷΪһӣʧСһġ
Ժ˭С
ߴӵŲȻͷһ߻
Ż˵Ĺӣʱ䲻ˣǡ
Żһߣݾ۵ĵС㣬ϲԵĹأСԹˡ
СһѹôҲֵŸϯһֵۣѣڳģһѹӶ᲻øѳԣһܽô
С˵ǣū˼ūԺһġ´ҦǹӣһϾͷһЩͨĹӴͺˡ
겻ڵģ˼˭ҦǹӴͰ̫ԣ˼ҡ
ˣڻˡ
ϼʵ裬ɶͷˣ
ҡͷ̫̫ȥĿͷȫȥˣ˵Щ˼ڰǰȥ˿ͷ˼˶࣬ÿÿҪʮŹסһЩ˼ȥûжڵżңҲûж


75 ӱ͵

ô죿
˵ԶԶ˵Ҳ뺼ݳҲһʱ·̣ʱҪأҪɽ˰£˻о
ϼˣټҲû취û˶Ŀͷ˼Ҳûضס
ĵ£û뵽ڶվͽˡ
磬ϣ˵Ҷ˿ͷԸ⼷һ͸ĸŮס
һлһҪתҶϰ˸м֮顣
Ҫ±˵˳ʳҵĹϵ϶ȥңϰ˿ͷл
ǽһ⣬ϣΪ£һ϶û˯ãڻһ˫Ȧء
ˣϯ͵͵Ļү͵Ϣ
ĺ޹ϯС㣬ҼүֻҪϯСѣһҪū澲Υү
û㡣Ϊһ⣬ô˼ġ
ֻǣԼˡ
ĸˣæҲԼһУ¶˳ǰ
һ뵽ʱʱ̶֪̿ԼϢϯͻڣԼ|ˣվڳǰһ
ϯİ˻룬һ뵽ɻڣ󷿵Ҳ϶ٳУҪûļ˰æһˣĶסôˡ
С㣬ĺˣֻѣҲŻҼү㱨үϯ᲻˵λ£ǲҪ˵ˡ
ļգϺϯﶼڼ˺Լ·ȡڽ֮ǰѼ˵·
ϯҶһƬʱϯҴȴֵɹ
ԭǣϯַͬԼص˽Ӳˣڴʼˣ浱ͷ磬ϯҴԺһԺӵˡ
һʱȴûһ˳Լ͵ӵӡ
Ҳϻ𣬸Ͻȥ鿴Լ˽ӣûãһ֣Ҳ͵һ롣
ϼҲ͵ˣˣϽݴԼ˽ӵӣȴԼ˼ʮӣȫɣӿˡ
ϼĿĨᣬҪȥ٣һӡ
û߳ϯҴţͱϯͬסˣϯֺ֧֧ͬ˵ӣǰˡ
ʲô
ϴ󼱣ǿǧӣӣɲܶ
æȥϯ壬ڶĳҵˣһͬĻŽݺĳծˡ


76 һ޶ϵ

ϼǼŽݣ໵һε˵ϡ
ϯͬ־ϯѣҪݺƴţүǾһӣ㲻ܴˣǾûˡ
ɼ檣ӣӣôҲϯҴ󷿶ȥ
ϯͬĿûȴŭˣһѾϯֵͬ·ɫֲϯ֣ͬ˵ʲô檣ﻹûأ檣˵ĸӹĻˣȥ˺
ʲôӣ㲻Ҫ˵˵ĺöӣҵ˽Ӷ͵ȥˣҲŻĿû˵ֻ㣬檣ˣ취ôЩծɣȻӾҪĳץȥˡ
ϯͬǸ¶һ쭣ʱûϷˣͰ͵ģϯתϵע
ȻҪ֣ͼˣҲ˲ϯͬ檲檵£æӣ壬߰ЩݣԼģ
ϯ忪ڣŭĵϣŭιǣʲô˼ѵǶĳܱϯǩͷݲɣ
ûûûûǸ˼ڨڨĳ˳ǣֻǣ⡭ôӣҼһʱ֮òܲܿ޼գ
Žݣһаǧӣǰһ˴һգܴճڣӶûˣϵ˽ҲˣȥǧӣôҲӡ
Ӽգ취
ߣҲܣҽҪǼӣǾȿһָͷϢ˻ϵĴ󵶣һᡣ
ϯŵףеҪ磬Ҫָͷҡһӡ
ҪҪѵҪұ˴ϯ忴ϯֺͬϡ
ĨӶȥˣﻹӣ
ôûУҲ࣬һҪȾȶӰӲΪзϣҪǱָͷǶҾͲˡϯһߺһҪȥײǽ
С˸ϽүɲҪи̣̫̫̫̫үôүΨһĸ
尡Ҫ˰ɲ벻Ҳϯ壬֡
ŭϯ֣ͬү㻹ȥծѵҪĿǶȥ


77 

ϯϯͬΨһĶӣϯͬȻĿ˿ɲзϣϯɲзˣ֮˭ˤ裿
ȥ衣ϯͬӦţܡ
ϯֵͬһӵ˾ϯͬ
ϯͬմӴǧûգӿ϶õô죬϶ڣϯͬϯȥ
ϯֵͬʱϯͬڣϯֱּͬӿҪӣû˵Ҫϯ廹ծֻ˵תҪת
ͽüգ˼գҾͻ㡣
磬Ҳ㣬ӣҶóȥˡϯͬΪѵľܾ
ǧӣôѣǧιɺʣ°˰Ҳ˲ٸðƸױżﱸõģܶ
ϯͬΪǲϽ裬ʱŭˣô˵Ҳֵܣֵѣ֣ôĿţ
ܽ費裬ұҪ߼ǧӡϯͬ۸ϯͬ۸ˣԼ⻰кβԡ
ϯͬɫȴˣ磬ǷּˣӶǸģҪӣȥԼңûС
⼸գгҰæ治׬˿ӣ쵽ˣ̺͹ײ̶Ҫһڴ⼸׬ӣò
ϯͬŭˣ̧žͳ嵽ӹ̨ҪӣϯͬҲˣ磬Ҫǿ
ʲôǿҽֵܵӣôǿˣÿҽӾߡ
ϯͬϯͬϯͬҴӦ裬ͽн裬ҲӦ裬Ǿ磬ҪӵģҲҲ
ôϯֺͬݺݵĵűԼ۸˰뱲ӵܣҸ㣬ҪΪּˣҾͻŹ㣬ϯͬϯҵһԭҵģҵĶڣֻЩöѣûʸܾ
Ȼ뵽ϯǷĳһӣֵȱӣӸϽˣӣȻͱûǰ㡣
ӷָˣǾҵģ˵㣬
ϯֵͬĻԽ˵Խ֣ŭϯͬϯͬϯͬ˦˳ȥ
ϯִͬŭкСҪӣûǳأͱĴ׳Ӹӳӡ
үﲻǴ󷿵˿ҰĵطӣǼүͲ飬ҪȥٸȥˡһӾ


78 ߳ŭ

ϯͬΪһôҲܽصӣû뵽ϯͬһǮﻹ˼׳ӣҶ͸ֻСƵģѹûֵء
ϯֺͬúǰֻܻ뿪
ؼҰ·ϣϯֲͬĿֶأתȥϯҶڵļг
үôˣҼүȥû
迪ţϯ֣ͬ͵ſڣûϯֽͬȥ
ϯͬɫŭ𣺡һūţҲҵӵ·
һŰ߷ڵأҶŭĳϯҶСԺӡ
սԺӣͱԺݮϯﵲסˡ
ϯϯ֣ͬ룬󲮣ôŭĳҼҼˣĪǱ˴󲮾ܵҼҰˣ
ôͳ˵ģϯͬ뵽ԼҵĵùǴϯտʼӾûһ찲˳ϯͰٿ˳ۡ
Ǻǣ󲮣Ķ㲻ˣȴˣˣҼֺʱ𾴹
Сͷһӣﻹ˿û𾴿ɽ
ϯֶͬʱŭϼŭ
ϯͬǱߣһӵ⣬ҪһСѾͷϯͬĶù̧֣ҪϯȥҪȵһİȻͲϷľǿ
󲮣ô߳ŭҪˣ
ϯһ֣סϯֵͬϺȻ
ϣ߳ÿϯͬҪϯģһӾɤۿڣڣϯסϯֵͬһû
ŭĳָϯֵͬıҶʹ󷿷ּˣģ˭Ҳ˭Ǵһһε۸ǶǲǶˣǴ󷿲ǲ
ҸǣԺǴ˭ҲҶˣһΣҾҪ˴һΡ
˵ţͷԸӺӰϯͬ˸ϳȥ
ϯͬң
ϺЦҼң㿴ҸҲҡ
ϯͬԭϯͬûڼңϽӣ˭֪ûȿڣͱϷԸӽϳˡ
ϯͬĻðɣɿŽյĴţֺް취ûӣֻȥݽȥ
üң˵˵赽ӣȥ̺ͲҶ̣õİӡ


79 

һգҲһǧӣǧӣһء
û취Ϊ˱סӵϯͬ⼸һֱѹŵļⷿʳִǧӡ
ǧӣϯֻͬ˵ʤ
ʲôǧӣŭˣ|ܣĳǧӣͻǧӣΪ˵أСߣϯҴүСָͷӿˡ
Ҫ
ϯ˻ϯ֣ͬҰҲ뱻ָˣȾҡҴӦ㣬ԺҲˣ
ϯͬҲΪѣŪӣŪˣҲŪˡ
ܲΪ⣬ȥׯӺˮɣ
һ뵽ҵӻծϯͬ͸һۣܲٿգգһʣµȫ㣬һĲ١
գ
˿ǧƱ룬Ͱڰ֣ǾϯҴүһأպ󣬻ĿɲͲʣµǧӣǰǧӣǧӣ͵ȡһϢˡ
⡭ĶϢӡ
ϯֵͬĻҪڣɨϯֶͬʱŵò˵
סɲˣӣҪǻòӣӿľͲָͷǸ첲
Ŷĳˡ
ϯһνѡ
һߣϺͳϾͿű˹һһߣϯ庿ޣſţϾȭͷݺݴϯ弸£СӣôͶˣ͵ȥľˣӶģô찡ǧӣҪǵ
Ҳӣɹ۶ӣæţˣ취ģЄeİ취ծء
ʲô취϶ӣӾͺˣΪ㻹ܴӶŪӣ
Ͽϯ֣ͬүӣǴӶģ
ᵽ£ϯͬ־һݺݵһϣѴ󷿵ɳˣΪܽӸң
ӡ
ģⷿĴҲˣҲʹЩϯͬһƨ|ϣ˶̱˰㣬ǧӣҪǰõóڣǸðЩҪסˡ
ûЄeİ취뵽Ϻõˮһֵģ⻹ûּ꣬ҪˣϾۡ


80 

취УӺһٶĶüֵǧӡϯͬһȻʣǾͱϯֲͬ塣
϶ǹݸˡ
󷢺һ飬үҪʲô
ϯֵͬһۣû˵ǷԸѾߣ̫̫á
ǣϡү
ϼ˵Ҳ֪˶࣬Щܵ˵ǰѾߣһһߣϲ̫ʦϡ
ϯŵɷףһƨ̱ڳԱߣųϵ֣Ĩᷢģ̣ҷģֻҪǰһһӣԺҶˣԺҲĳˡ
СӡŵӵĻˣ㡭ѧʲôãȥѧġ㲻֪ʮľ䣬ж˼ңҲƣմȾ˶֣󶼳ڴҪؤСӣǲҲԺȫ˶ȥַš
Ͼ֣ĴȭͷȻǧϼЩӣ찡ҪҵһӣСӣվͶĳȥˣ㡭
һѣһѣĶĴȿ޺޵ˣӼȭͷʹȭͷҲû
ϯҴʱϯҶһ˶ƽڳ
ʱϯͬҲûţϯͬȥӣӲɣҪӵ˵һ飬ȻοĿϯڰﰲĸ򣬲Ȼջϯֵͬóˡ
綼ˡ
ɼϯͬϯͬҲûһ˿һ𾴡
ϯԺĸӣͲҪȥԺˣ˳ˣ˳磬˳ȥæ󷿵ˣٸǰһöӣҲܼʱס
˳ˣ˳磬˳̺͹ײ̵ĵСҲϯҵūţϯһûּʱ˾һֱɻϯҷּҺ˵תƵϯͬϡ
ǣϯҴ󷿵ʱ˳˵̬ȣׯϵĴִɭ࣬ҵ󷿣ԸöԿ
ҲˣϯŻ򼸸ӣŵȥæ
ײ̵̺ĺԺһСײ̺Ժһרײĵľ̺ԺԲ


81

ϯȥĸӣϯͬæƣϯͬ£ĸһʼֺ֪ģų˳ȥʱϯָͬϳӡ
˳ˣվһԣĿϯִͬӣǰæҪĸȥĿ죬ָҶָˣֻϯͬջԴ
֮£ҲϯͬʶӵҪԡ
ͷ⣬Ժɡ
ĸϯͬҲõģպʱϯͬȥӡ
һ˳극˻ŸԻط
ϯսݣͷˣæҽڣָʹȥȥͰˮ|ԡ
ǣС㡣
ûˣתͳȥˡ
һߣľʹӰ߳
ĶϯϸĴüۡ
ǰֻΪүϲŮɰתүѾߣϯһ󲫻֮ǧС㣬ȻܷĴڣղţϢˡ
򵥡
ĵһͷǣϯﲻ򵥡
򲻻뵽ϯĸѾߣĽ̵ͽܣѧʤ
С㣬ŴϢ˵ǴǱҪжˡ
Ŷ˵ϯ£ָָӣʾ˵
ĵһлֻŲƨ|ɷϣȻϺϯͬڷıҪӰү֣ģŻû̽
ǰ󷿵ˣǴӰ֡
ͨɣ°ߣ͸֪|棬Ȼĵĳ嵽˵ûð蹣ϯҵãԴΪڣ
ǴΣţȥݡ
һǴ󷿵˹֧Ŷ԰蹺֡
ʧȥСӣֱݣ˫ش֮£ʹϵɱˡ
ǡһӣǲɱˣǰҲĻڡ
ĵڶգ֪Сʧ٣ɱҲһ𣬺֪ĶһǸǱ˶Żڲĵڶգȥˡ
̶գϯһʧ٣Ҳܵ˴زһϢǸʱֻøγϣҡ
󷿵ˣȻֹʼʩ°߰蹡
ϯЦ֪ͨ壬⼸պúûŰ蹣ð蹺κһİ˽Ӵ


82 °

ǣϯС㡣
ĵȥ
磬󷿵˾Ȳжˡ
ŽҪȥЬӵɣϯһƬ
ɳźϯҲš
վڴſڣԽԽԶĹŮ૵⺢ӣʲô£ȥôݻéء
ݴé޳˵Сˡ
ʱˣСȥĶˣôҲū澡
ĵţ˭׸éޣ˿ʱմȾһСԸŲŹ֡
⡭ⲻӻ˼գô
أݡ
һֱúõģô֪⼸վͱˣССʱ󣬲㡭
ݼ˵ϯһ˳ʱϯĶѾβۿȥѧȻٽ֮ڣѧſڵȺ蹷ѧİľָʹˡ
Լһ㹦󣬰蹱߳ѧ
ȥЦŵүѧˡ
ϯգգ۾󣬡ô㣬ľأ
̫̫Ըľȥׯɻص
ϯŶһûлɣϯͬҰôûң
һʱ䣬ϯͬÿ綼ʱ᲻·һȥ
ɵүȥľׯӣүū
ɴϯ蹱ϽԼϣȻүū澳ʱС˵԰ζӵ̶ū澴ȥ
ϯһǰҪԵģСȾ͸ϽߣǿȥζŶȥˣҪûˡ
ζӵĸ㣬ǺݳóԵģݳ˶ĽȥҲˣζӴſųĶ顣
ʱȥˣ˰ʱĶӶ򲻵
ϯСȣҪζӶȥɵүū֪һ·ֱȥζӡ
·ϯ蹴ߴţ˿ûлġ
ϯ蹣սһСͬȻƣһլӵĺԺϯǸо˲ԾͣںԺſڣûнȥɣҴ˼ҵĺԺʲô
ĿүҲǱƲѵģ㲻Ҫҡ
Ҫʲôϯ蹺˼Ȼ󿴵Ժ߳İӣϯ蹴вȾܡ


83 ˽

ɻûܼͱһ׷ˣ죬Цܣˣͱܵ
ɣƭң㡭ƭӣΪʲôҪƭңҼҵѾߣӣ㡭
һּϯ蹣ͽԺӣϯ蹵ĺл鷳ӻóһӶסϯ蹵졣
ϯ蹱һƫһͰպõˮ£Ͱϯ蹰|ˣӽԡͰȻͷţϯϴĸɸɾ
ϴúָϯ蹴һɫ|£Ȼϯһϡ
С㣬Ҫү°ȥһֱڰиϯ蹵ģ˰죬ҲԷĿģͺ˾䡣
ĿĵأȻ֪ˡϯѲµֻûġ
ľ͵Ҳ֪Ǳôˣܸܲϵù
գϯ屻ϯֽͬ㣬ͱϯȥeˣϯһ·׷·϶˼ǺţڵϹ
С㣬㿴ͣ
ǰͣһլԺſڣܿ죬ű򿪣լԺ
ĺϯһۣһԾԾլӡ
Ҳһֱڸϯ蹣ֻǣΪϯһֱû֣Ŀϯ蹱°ߣ͹
ֱⶰլӣĳϯ˲档
忴ϯͷ·һ񣬡ϯС㣬ү°ˣΪβȥ
ϯƳһ۳壬ʱ仹δ
ʲôʱ仹δѵˣҪʱ
ûãϯﻰе˼
ŵĻк㡭Ǵ°ĺӣ
ϯͬĶӡһס
˫Ȼʱϯļƻϯֵͬ˽ӣȥү
ˣ˵ˣ˵ȥҪˡһ³壬Ȼóкͽȥϯ蹻
ϯ蹱һܴķ䣬ûˣ뵽ߣ˫˫űţŬҲѲӡ
뺰ͱţССϯ蹣µĿˣʱ򣬾ͼһһĺӴӺ󴰷
ϯ˼
ȱ𺰣㰢ģ㰢档
Բѵĺӷ£Ȼϯϵӽ⿪õӡ


84 赶ɱ

ϯ˵ˣĶų壬㡭ǰҵģ
Ȼү˵ز˾ʲôȥ˵ҵȰϵ·Ȼˡһ˵һ߰|ϯ蹵·
Ƭ̺ԭϯϵİɫ|£ͻһϣźӻûתѣϯ蹣ӡ
ϯ⣬ϯ蹼һֱͺµģأ
꣬ˣȱ˵
蹸ճڵͱϯסˣϯﱧϯ蹣䵽˰ˣҲ׷ݶϡ
˸նãͼԶ˴ҴҶ
ǰˣʮ꣬Ǹӣֵϵĺ۾ĶҪûطˣòʮѿ
ϯһ⡣
˹֣ǰ˰蹵ˡ
󷿵ˣı蹵ıˣǺ蹵֡
蹲ꡭôôɰȴͷ|ˡ
ϯĵ޲óȥһɣУǰĳܼűٲܾôͷ
д󷿵ˣٴҪı蹺ͶҲ
ͳͳܱǡ
˿ûвԼ˶ţ˷ܵĴţȻԸСˣţغˣү͡
ǣүͽȥú棬ūһκү¡СĵЦ
Ӿ͹Цӡ
űˣϯＸ˿龰ܿ죬ʿ
ϯ֪ϣΰڿޡ
ǰȺܷ֪ˣϯ蹡
δ֪ϯ蹣˾ͱϣΰ
ϣΰҲңծӳҪ֣͹㰢ϯֺͬˡ
ϯﱧϯ蹣뿪ˡ
˼״׷׽
쵽гʱϯԸдϢϯ֣ͬ蹰Ȼϣΰ
ǣС㡣
񹧹Ӧһǡ
ЦСһֽ赶ɱʹõ
ɱɶ˴ãϯ֪ϯͬ϶˶Դ߰꿪ʼ͸ǽ̺ݣʮΣ˵һԴδһ䡣
ǵ֪ɱѶҪϯ蹣Ϻϯͬ϶ѹ
һɣ˺һӡ
ٳһɣӻҪѹá


85 

Ϊӵ飬ϯҲִɣҲԸΪ߰ɾϯִͬúˡ
ϯ֪ͬϯû£µϣΰôɵ³֪
϶ȶԶĸӲҡ
ϯһĨЦǣϯ蹵ֽ˼š
ߵԺ˵ϯ蹲ˣ˵ȥϣ˰ľľȥϯ蹣ϯȴˡ
Ϻ輸˼ˣȥˣ˭֪һţͿϯǣϯ蹻ˡ
ϴϲǱ˰⺢ӣȥˣôҲǰ߰һﻹΪ蹲ء
ɼϯ蹰Ȼ𾪣蹡ү㡭ˣūȥ㣬ûû㡭
ɣȥû㰡ϯЦ𣬺ûƵģң͹ȥζӵֱȥˡ
ϯ蹽һֽ̧̧ЦŸɿ
ֱϯＸ˻ʱ·ζʱġ
ɫҰף֪ʲô£ɰүôˣ
ɵʶĿϯͼϯЦЦĵɣôˣɫôôףǲ岻
ûûǣǿĳ˳촽ҼˣɱȴҪװһµ
оС֪£롭
ĿһֱСϣѹûɵɫԾСӵԴ蹣ͺáʣأ
ð蹷ѧˣշûвùΣôأû
һСˣͲҲ飬㰢Ҫ㣬Ҳһ
ȻСӣ߸˵Ľӡ
䵽ɣݵĽŲһ٣תȥ˺ͬס᷿һֱעһһϯ״һƣȻ㰢ﰢ˵
һյ蹦ϯط䣬ĸ˽С㣬ʰ˰͵ݲڴµӺһ׹ӣӦǴϯҡ
ǺǣӣǾӡϯЦʮɭ䣬гͰϢϯ֣ͬݵĲŻԭ
ǣС㡣
Ӱһ˾ʧˣɳʱİ͵ݵĲŻԭ
ɻ󣬲޷֣ϯ˶˯ˣҹ˾ʱͱŰĵϯҡ


86 ץ

ɸճϯҺţľʹݶϷȥķһۣȥϯ
˷䣬Ĳŷϯѹû˯ڴأʵС㣬ɸ뿪ʲôʱȥ֪ͨϯͬΪã
ϯζЦЦһū϶ںݳǴţ͵˺ݳǰɡ
ס

磬뺼ݳһٶصɣͱϯͬץסˡ
Сvˣӣ
ϯͬһѾɵͷݺݵǽײ㾹ȻҺͶ֣ΰˣգҾҪΪΰᡣ
ˡ
ɵԴǽϷ}˵ÿһ£ɾ͸оֵʹ
޺ūûͶ֣ūҲ֪үôͻˣū˵ľʵү
㣬˭һӣϯַͬħһŵСvˣ㺦Ҷӣ
Ҫ
ɣ㺰ƺҲû㣬ׯɶӵˡ
ɺ˺þãûģԴԽԽʹҲԽԽΣϢ䣬ŵŨѪζ֪ԼѪ
ԼĶͷϣһůһֱ
Ѫ
ɺˡ
ڲ
Ϊϯүһ˵ʲôֻҪĻºͻΪޡñϯү򣬲òܲ˵ȥѴ˰Ϻϯͬ
õģѾû˺··ˣСҪͷˣںҲˡ
ΪԼʱͻȻϵ·˺ȫϯͬ˺ȻϯֲͬԴѪϡ
vѾͷȻ㺦Ҷӣͻһӡ
ԡѪս⣬ϯĿϷЦе뿪
Ҫʱ˸һ£ͻȻʵϯС㣬үµˣѾתȥϵһԺҪҪȥү
ȥʲôȥϯ治ȥӴˣ̫ˣÿμ棬ƶܿ͸˼ƵģȥΪ
ĶʱΪӽϯС㣬⻰δ̫үˣϴɺ£үлһɡ
ϯŲһ٣룬ȷʵǷ˳뼸飬͵ðɣȥүл
ū澴·λȥүˣﰵһ


87 

ıԺλԶɽˮɫˣʺϲ˵塣
ϯʱͼһôµϣһӼǣĿţֱ߻һ񼸣ż㡣
͸ҶϡϡݷǷϣ绪Ȼǡ
ϯ￴ţţôˣˣֱһɭɭһŻع
һôˣ£
ллġϯ߹ȥģĸһȻ󲻵˵£ԼԱһ
үæǰԳ븣һȻڳʾ£ǰϯﵹ˱裬ȥʮ⡣
飬ŽĵСѾͷǾ֮Ͷѣɺ£ԺԼÿβٵǧӡ
κ˳ͼɵӾܷʱǧҲ£ңɵĶ࣬׬ľͶ࣬ƣϯȻܾ
ϯЦеĴӦ
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ţ󷽷ĽĵлҼǵһӣ㶼Լģ㣿
㣿
ĽᣬõɮʱݳǷԲͷĴ˼ҶȥССҲȥ֣ܵ׳ȱ˼ҶҪõߴ㣬һúγԺ⡣
˵ģȫǳͷĴ£ϯҵ㼼ϯѹûκγ֮˵Ƴʹ㣬һûãȼյһԶ˵Ļϯӵⲻӭ𣬻⵽ҵĴ
ôûģû˵΢΢ü
ϯĳۣüԸңûá
ڵҵ㼼뱻ԴҲûֻǶһ˿Լûв޵Ц
֪ϯҵ㼼ڰǰǺݳһָ㻹㷽棬ܿԽŹȥ꣬ϯҲڰڵն˰ɣ
ϯ̲ס뷭ۣջסˣҲ˵Ƕǰٶǰˣ˵ϯ㼼ˣڣҲֲ֧̳С


88 㷽

ϯڰٶǰԶкö˼ҺĽݳϯӶر㣬ĥһ㣬ɢŵ̴ζķΣꡣ
ңܶ㣬ֻҪȼһȼףӲм
ϯңңҲңҲ֪һʼϯղˣϯƽƽѾ֪ϯһʱ顣
ϯҲдϯͬе֪£û뵽뾹ȻҲ֪¡
ûڰеϯҵ¡
벻ϯķ⣿ʵ
ϯ㶣Ķųð죬ʵģ
ʱˣæĺܣҲûʱúҲ͵Уˡ
ȻҪǿһķϣŲһѡ
СѾͷ飬Ʋƾʲô
ѵôţ
΢΢üԼĳ
ôңǰһ㷽ӻҰ㣿ȻﻹЩɣϯﻹʵ
ӣһ㷽ȥ㰢оһ£뽲ỹһʱ䣬Щӣ㰢õһ
£˵ףȴѣϯԸһԡ
˺㣬ϯ˵۷硣
ʧˣҲ˷һϺ͹

ӳԺϯϾͽһֽҲһֱûƽ
ʵ㷽ϯ֪ġ
ǰˣ㷽֪Ϊ˳Ҷ̫̫ó̫̫¾һССӣûǺҵ̫̫꣬ӾͻȻ󣬻һ
̫̫Ƴȫһɵ̴ζıȴ̴ľʡ˺ܴһֳɱҲˣ̫̫ӵıκһҶҪˣζţӮ˺̫̫ܶСǵϲ
Ҳˣں̵ܶʱڣ̫̫Ӿʹ˺ܶӣںݳǣѸռһϯ֮ء
Ҳӣһ꣬Ӫ˼ʮϰӵ꣬ڳ̫̫Ӽ£ҵҲǱסӣ֪ʱ̫̫ӵ⣬ж


89 ̰С˳Դ

ڣ㷽ϣϯоԼŵĲ㷽һӲӵĽɽϯδԻͲõĲʢ
ϯûлؼңֱȥϯӣ㷽ϯͬ
ϯֻͬһۣ;ϲ㷽㷽Ķģ⡭òʧѾ˵̴㣿
̴㣬ǰ̵оһȼ㣬в̴ľϣȴ̴ζļɱɱ٣̴ļ۸Ȼ̴һ룬̴һУ͵õ˰֮͵ĺ
ң̻ܿҡ
˻̡
ֻǣҵĲ˲ۺ죬ûãҾͱݺ˼³
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үҵģǲ̴㣬Ҳ֪ү˵ãǾáг뱣ݻʲô
ϯͬϵЦʱˣ˵Ҳһӣүͷôõ㷽Լãô͸Ǽˣ
£ûа׳Ե͡
ϣҲûڱĺ¡
̶꣬ϯͬһ̰СˣԴ
ϯͬҧҧŲᣬ㷽ŮȥүôصĶۼҲҪ
ﲻҪϯΪģҪײҪȻүˣͲջȥźˡ
ֵү˵ڰ½֮ǰ㷽Ƴһ̴£ϯ̣˵ָܻķ⡣
үô˵ˣϯͬɡ
˵ˣһƭɡ
ϯƲ죬֪㻳үģ˳ҼҴҵʲô
ǼҵĲƲûү˽İɶ࣬˼ҷǼӡ
ϯͬЩԥ
үϯ̫ˣõϯͬĲģоڻǸꡣ
ʲôϯ㷽ϯͬϣүǷҵľһ֮ˣ㷽ֻڻҵĶ飬¾ǡ
⡭飬üˡϯͬƤճĺôǲү飬ٻȥǾͳЮͼˡ
Ϊѣϯ͸һ⣬ҪǾ㷽ΣǾ͵Ǻϵӻ󣬸Ӹү㷽ˡ


90 

ϯͬԣⲻ̫٣ҿ㷽ֵǣӣүϣǻǶЩ
үнɽɽǾǸһҲ࣬ǲռҪͷѡ
ϯﲻͬʹ¾ȥת㷽£ºˣñ˵֪㷽ݡ
ϯͬ㷽ϯһ£ȸŮ˼κ󣬾Ͱ㷽ˡ
ϯͬһͬŮһȥѧԺ˰蹻ؼҡ
ҺϾϯͬ˵Ļҽȥżһ̫̫˵Ƿ˶ĳӣǰĶڶĳŴ󷿻ӣӣĳ˾Ҫһֻ첲󷿵ҪһĶˮء
ǷӣϯͬʣǰգϯͬȥӣǺйء
ϵǧ
ǷôࣿϯͬڳȻɸ֣⺢ӣôմȾ˶ģʮľ䣬˶ĳˣмӮӵġ
ڶҲˣ˵ٶ࣬Ҳˡ
Ҳǡϯͬ̾ҴǰյӣƾͺйأǷĳǧӣһĶˮô
ʮһĶˮһĶˮҲǧӣǧӻһء
ϵͷҲ˽ӣ£ܲóôдɩ˽Ҳ٣һգҲܴչ
ϯͬҲ뵽ĸ˼ʮ˽ӣûһҲмǧǺʹ󷿶˺ˣܴôԺ󣬶Ƕûϵ
ү˵ĶԣԺǶֻܹԼӺˡ
˽˵ĻѹͲ֪ϵ˽ӣϯϡ
ϯ﷿ҲҪһĶˮﻹծ¡
ϯЦûӣһĶˮܴչǧǧģ
ϻңһǧʣµǧϯ֪ͬģϢֻׯѺڣǧӣׯ֪ġ
ԣϯֺ֪ͬĽףǰѰ͸֪֪ӦǧӸϯ֣ͬǰ꣬ҪϢֻׯѺ
Ǻǡ
ϯЦ
Сܣû뵽ô۵ıϯָͬˣһǮֵֻһӵĻᣬǺǡ


91 ͵

ϯУ˺⣬ģǧӣڿϯͬϣ
ǡ
ϯֺ֪ͬ˽״ɺ֪ͰǧƱϯ֣ͬƱϯֲͬŻڵ֪͸֪ϯΰ󣬲ȥ֪Ҫˣ֪ƱҪȥ
οѱ٣ҪҲһӡ
ãûҪΪҪ֪
ϯͬһ˽ҵ֪˽ӣɵӣĻܣϯͬ־Ͱһŭ𣬷й˰²ϡ
߳ţϣҪϯͬϵǧӡϯͻȻԸ
ĵͷӦãȥ

һҹϯֲͬûسǡ
ʹʧȥһӣҪɸӲͷͷһٿµĺ㽿۵ϯͬ־;ãһа|ֱȥ
һϣϯͬЪ˲ׯɣƸ|һޡ
һҹؿշҲû˯š
۾ڴϣӸӱƵģȥתţſڷϵĳţһֱֱʱˣû˯⣬žͳһȼˡ
һ㻹û꣬ϾԴƤӳأģȻ˯ˣ
Űȼ𣬴ӷ
ϣ߹ȥһָͷԴһߣȻƿͷ¶һԿ
Կףױ̨ױ̨ұһСţһĸһĳľϻӣȫ
ԿףһԿ롣
ϯְͬƱϺϾͰƱ˵ڷϣһ
Կ̫࣬İԿףûֻÿһԿ׶һ¡ڳרĿʱͻȻ𣬶˲
ԺһŲ
ᣬ˹˽Ųǳܷ
ͣϵĶˣȻͣſڡ
ϵķ䣬ңƿţ̤ʱҲѸٰϻȫ˳СţȻӺ󴰻
ճȥһ߸ߵӰƿҵ˽
ź棬˫ڣ濴һۣȻе·ﻹˣ˺ܾðɡ
ǽһݺݵĳ顣
Ϊ˯ţڹׯϯ֣ͬ˭֪ȻڵȺ|򡭡
϶ֳˣҪŶ|˴Ĵָ
ܣûȤϻӣ뿪˵ʤȥϯҶ


92 

ϯһͼһԿף￪Ϸŵһϻӡ
ϻĶģ
ϯĿڴͷϣʵ
С㣬ˡתͷһЦϣģ˵ǴģǧƱͷ
ʣԿûԣ˵꣬תͷȥѣǣֱʣһԿףѳˡ
С㣬вƱĸӣӡһ߰Ķͳһ߷ŵ˵ĸӣأӣʮأС㣬ӣвء
һӻʮӣʮӣǶӣʮӣͶʮӡ
ʮƱһǧ
ĸ˵С㣬ϽҵһǧӴҲµϵ˽
ϯѾˣһƱһǧݸģҾǧʣµģǼƺȡ
С㣬ôӡǲҪľܾ
ϴϯӣү֪ˣүǼݺѵһ١
ү˵ˣϯСľˣĸϯСæڰӻ顣
ûлҪӵģ˵ȥүˡ
үҲ˵ˣֻҪǰϯСԸãȥүԻǡ
ϯС͵ӣǼҪ
ļҪϯ˵ʲôǲӡ
ϯû취ֻðӶˣϻϵģϯﲻҪͽȥ
ĵϻ̴ľģ̴ζ˿ϧ͸ңûȥá
ϲûȥԿ׺áϯԿ׺ġ
ĺܸ˵ˡ

Ŀûĳ룬С㣬ϻӸңҪĶҿɲҪ뻹û򿪹ء
£ϯҲˡ
ֻһûϯͬð蹻ǧӣûȻŶˣҪײҪ
󷿴ӶõĲȣʲô
ܿ죬ľʹ롣
һ͵ڶŵĶһЩصΣΣӵȡµģûһʮ˼ÿһ˫ݣһֻʽһ
ϯ£ЩΣΪŮðļױ


93 

һӵķ͵һ飬ϯóϸ˿ŵĵַںˮ·Ǳߡ
ˮ·ϲ࣬ǺݳҹУΪڴ˺ӣصİճ֮Ϊ˺ҹУÿϣ˺ҹоͷǳ֣ͨݳǵˣҲĽǰﲻ
˺ҹпˣҼһһϵ棬൱ڄeĵطһµ棬֪˺ҹеж֣Ȼ˺ҹеӣϯʮ־ȣ⡣
ף˺ҹеӡҲ˵ĵַϸһ飬ȥģӣȴһһǧӣⲻΪŮðļױɣǴֱʡ
ϯҴ󷿵Ĳҵ٣ׯׯҶ̡̣һһǧ£οý㳤ĲСвŻϯֺͬ϶ָܸ߼ޣϯҴ󷿴ôױȻͲ١
ϯ˵ţԼǰϳϱż޽ҸڤʱһǮױûУҵĲҵǮȫ˽ˡ
һϻӣƴƣϲŲòȥҡ
ٿһѣΪŮðļױϯķߺޣ乴˹ǣѷ飬һ𽻸ģԸϷϻӱ͵֮ǰӸˡ
ǣСҪӣ
һҡ
Щӣ͵Ǵ⳥ǰļױ
ǴǷġ
ôҳ緹ʱľ͵͵ϻӺϯｻķ鶼뿪˼гȥԺ
ʱӾһǧӵļ۸񣬱ˣǩһ飬ð˷ȥٸ˰
תӺϯҴǱߣҲɹ
ĳծϽȥƱ˰죬ҲûȵĲͷҪȥͼϹǺܳ˵Ʊˡ
ΪϯҲ뻹ӣϷҪϯĸ첲
ϯŻˣʲôʱˣ㻹᲻ЩӣЩҪǶӵҪ
塭ءûƭˣ治ˣȫˣƱҸðļױҲȫѽءĸɱģҵϻӸ͵ѽү⻹ò˻ѽ


94 ϱ

뵽û˵ļֵӵĲϾ۵̱ڵϣŴȣޡ
ϯͬڣȥһѾϣŭϻӷúõģôͲˣϣʵ˵ղѾ˵£ǲģ
ϯִͬӲׯʱѾ磬Ϊһ˶ڴõȰӣϯֻͬȥø˸ȻȥԺȥ·
˭֪ߵſڣûȥһڴɨӵСѾߣһڵ·Ѿ˵賿ʱ֣ϵ߳һˡ
ϯͬһŭ죬ȥץСѾߣҪʸ
СѾߺ£߶µȫˡ
ԭСѾͷģסԺ᷿賿ʱ֣컹ûСѾ߶ۣҪ֣СѾӳȥéޡ
СѾ߸߳ţ¹ҫ£ͻȻһĸ߸ߵӰĴ̫̫ŵСѾæ㵽˰
СѾ֪ϯֽͬûؼңڲׯס
̫̫Ĺˣ˭
ĩɽƾ¹ҫСѾҲûܿ˭ԣƾϯͬôʣҲûʳ|˭
ϯͬðһӻСѾ߼ź󣬾ŭȥҪˣǣʱ棬ˡ
Ϊˡ
һأ֣ĸ׳ɷˣΧһվŵϯͬӵĻϨˡ
ԭϯͬ룬Ȱӣˣںúøˡ
Ͼϱñӣ²ʣҳЦ˭֪ϱܵǧӣȫˡ
ֻкˮǧӻڡ
ϯֶͬʱŭˡ
ϣžžžȰƣϵˡ
˵ǲǱ͵|ˣ
ϯֵͬ˫۱͹ֺݣŷҪƵģϱˣٺ£ҲҧϣүԩҰʵʵַ֣ôȥӴ찡ҲҪѽԩҡ
ϿĨᣬָ췢ģԼ͵|ˡ
ϯͬŭߣû͵|ˣôȥˣǊ|͵ˣ
˵ǲĊ|֣Ӹ͵ˣ
￩һ£ɫ΢΢˱䣬죬û˽ӣֻСѵ͵ģ


95 

ʱڳ˯Уʲôʱߵģ֪ʱûöҲ֪ѵϻ͵ߵģ
Կףһֱͷ¡
ɫףԽԽпܣҲԽԽ顭ȻҲ޼ˡ
žžž
һ飬ɵҲóˡ
ϯͬŭ죬һͷžžž˺üơ
ϵһ׵۾ˣֺֿԩҲԼ͵˵¡
ˣƱ㊦|͵ˣծҪǽŪӣӾ㡣
žžžƴȥ
һӵˣȴûһǰϯ֣ͬҲûһ˿Ϊ顣
͵|ˣ˿ⲻϯߣϯֶͬҲϯϯϯþռˡ
ϯϯˣǶżҵͣΪܼ޸żңƽŬͽŴ˼ҵС㣬Ѿ˼뺼ݳСȦУԼҲΪݳһҵС㡣
ΪܼһŴ˼ңϯ᰺ϯûŬ˵Ϻϯ֣ͬΪðһʷļױ
ڣǰ˵ϻӶˣǵļױҲˡңϻߵ
һϯҴ󷿵ˣô߳ȴȥ
ñָűЦ
һУǵĺðġ
˿̣ϯϯã޶ϣǶȥڸ飬ο͵ˡҪץסҪģǶ㻹ôܻϴա
ϯ壬Թ͵ˣ֊|һ͵ߣ˶ծ첲ѱ޶ҪϣҲΪ顣
ʣһϣ͸˵
ҸӴñӣƤӵ£޲öֱӴȥôܰùŭ֣ݺݴ򣬴ˣֱͻȥҿǽ̵ôһҪʎ
ŮˣҼ޵ϯޡҪ潋D
ãֻаһȺյĿϷС裬ŹӣŹ˵ĻƤӣ˿Ʊ͵ˣǻղӡ
ϯִͬˣһƨϣŷְһȺޱİϵ̹ӶྐྵˣҸһ˵վٴһ١


96 

̧ϯͬǧӻûַȥˣϣϲϣҿԲܣҲԵûǧӣҪòӲ㣬ҪȥңҪ
eү㣬eȥңҡһ취ӡŵãæ޺ү͵|˵£ҲϣԩŮôˣҪ˵ˣΪģôܻȥǺͿ¡οү㿴һ⣬˭Ҫ
Ϊ˸Լ֤ף϶˲ԼԼ
һߴᣬһΪԼ⣬үһĺڵС|ˣˮģϴΣҼԺﹳ壬ӵ廳ҾķԺʱһС|˼ǺңǰңүɲǸС|˵ĻԩҰǷ޶ʮ꣬ʲôˣܲƽʱЩռˣϲˣȴǵۻ֮°Ҿ㲻Ϊϯ룬Ϊ룬ҲΪŮ밡
£˵꣬˫۵ᣬȻѾŮᰣãһ谮ǣô᲻øߣһҪŰﰡ
˵Ķԣ㲻Ϊһ澵Ļͻɰ㲻ңŰΪˣﲻǺͿ¡ϯվάϡ
͵|滹Ǽ٣ڣҪĻȻһDôżң
˭һȢ
һӣҪˡ
ϯҲӦˣҲ˵̣ҲҰﲻˣѾǼ澣һ빳磬Ѿ￴üˣҪǰ￴ĽֻҰĴˣԹްﰢҲɵģ㲻ܲź޶ʮĽᷢӣȥһļƵСѾѽ
ϯ᰺ϯ飬Ϸŷ𿴵һ·ٴΪԼүѾǼ澣濴һ˴ʱôȴ˵
ôһˣΪ˵˭ĩ賿¹ҲţôͿ˵ˣ
ôһ˵ϯͬ룬ĩ賿¹գʱ磬һܿ˵


97 

үûѹûУǹң뺦ұϳϯȥ
ĨĨϵᣬϯͬȴһŲŵĶ˵ö滰ûԲҵ£
ϼڻɣָ췢ģûСүǰԺлԺѲߣԺҹǶûнţΪʲôƫƫѾˣƭأĻҸˣպ󣬾û˻ˡ
ѾvĴһ￴ţѾָްءϯ˵
ϯҲ˵ǰ㻹ǰѾ˳ȥɣθﰢһΣ˵͸ҺͰס
ϯϯǳϵıһѾܻﵽǵȥʱҲˣڶԶӵְӵvūţȻһĺ˰᰺ͰãǺڶ
ϯּͬﶼˣʱˡ
ܿ죬߽ӡ
ϯͬ־ͷԸѾˣ죬ؽ񷿣һ磬ͷ¥ȥ
¥ǺݳļԺѾмɫȥ¥Ҫȥеļ۸߶ˡ
΢΢һ㶣ȻӦǣ˳ȥ
ϼϯͬݺһϻӶˣƱˣŮļױҲˣϯͬȻȴҪȥӣȻĳ˻ڣûӣӵĸ첲ɾͱסˡ
ϯͬѾʧȥһСӣɲʧȥճӣϵҪòذǧӣңҲˡ
ͱȥҽˣǰӲιһҺҲûʲôӽãǰգֻȥһΣȥҲûӽ㣬οǧӣɲһСĿҿģ㻹ȥĸ裬£Ҳֻһõó
ϯֵͬĻ䣬Ͼ͵
˶٣ֵ˵ĸǰĺݳǣסڰپҪȥᣬãۼûжµĿͷȥĸûжͷҪǶˣŲá
̣ôðϯᰵǼȥѾӣôҲҪ䷿ɡ
䷿ϿŮ̾һᰣ䷿˼ҶһŲĳ´ͽᣬݳǷԲﷲеͷ˼Ҷ¿ͷôʮ䣬Ϊж˼ܶĵ


98 

Ҳ֪ͷţͷ˼ȥˣ¶ǶͷҪ䣬ѾǶҪһҪ
ϻ˼ʮ꣬ҲǵһβμӰ´ͽᣬ֪ǳж֣ͷжѶϯϯСǵһβμӣȻ׵ʱµĿͷжȱ
ʱ򣬱˵ˣӣúü˼һס
ӦŮĳϣֿϣȥأȡ̫ɽǰ
ʲôҪӵȵ̫ɽһתϷİˣҪ쭣˳ϵҪȣҲû취ҼС͵ˣ׼ӶС͵͵ˣҲֻܵȵˣģһþƺòдǡ
°һȺ£æúþƺòǡ
кþƺò˳ԺȣŭˣУӿʮֻռ±ʮţ⣬ﻨףˣǿŰ죬ŶˣоƣҪҶ࣬ȥ򡣡
ˣϺϯֶͬҾܾæԸȥ׼
طϴᣬ»һ·Ը˼켦Ϲ˼׵ˣҲûȥ٣ûżˣֲòȥĸ
ױ̨ǰһʱ˽ĸ˵Ƕĳ˴ģ£Ͳˡ
ǣ
ϲ˵Ҳᣬ˶Լ档
ڳϻϯ£ȴЩˡ
ϵңҲϯҶϯżҡ
ϯ޵ķϵõӡҲεҼ
ǰ޶ڴǰ궼ȥˣһһ߰ʮϰ˻ţҾûּңҵ⣬ȫҳӡ
⣬ŮڣΪˣҵļ¶ϯƹܣҪҽӣϵһòô˽ӵģʱϿ϶Ҫϯڡ
ϲΪϿܲϣӶˣȥŮҪŮǧӣƾʲô
ԣϲŻָʹȥԼĶĸӡ
Ϻͳദʮ꣬ڳϵС˼Ͽϸ첲գƽ͵͵ıǣϯӾˣϯ£ȴһϯϯһ


99 

ȥ˰پϴŮԺϯͬϯһͬһȺ˺Ⱦơ
ϯճ緹յ˳ŴϢϢ
ϯǺЦЦϽӣϿǳǧӣӦϣҲ׽衣
գգ۾ʣϯС㣬ҪҪϽ費ӡ
ˣԸϯҴ󷿣һαƼˡƼˣҲҧˣοϯҴ󷿵˲ӣһȺǡ
һƷˣǴ˭ҧ˭
ɲϯҴ󷿽費Ӻҧ
ʵһΣϯҴʧӵĲѾ֮ϲϯѾ⡣
ûߣľͻˡ
ϻһСϻӻ
ЦĸϯС㣬һһǧӣƱ
ϯܾȣҲܾϲôࣿ
ӳ۵ļһ¶ᱻѹۣϯΪҲһңû뵽һ߼ۡ
ĺٺһЦҼүˡ
룿ʲôʱ򣬻鷳ɣϯ۾ɴû鷳治һһ䣬⣬һҲ١
ϧ͵ģŻɻ
⣬Ҽү˵ˣϯҴ󷿺ͺ֪˽˻Ǵһմ״ʵݹϵһΣϯҴ󷿶ôϯֿͬ϶ưոݣ϶һʱȥٸʱ򣬹ٸӰ󣬿϶ȴ֡
ӺƱζˣ˼Ҹطأٲͺҵûţ߲ˣٸֱӴ֣Ӿײˡ
ʱͨİӣϯҴ󷿺֪Ĺϵò˼գӾͻԭҼү£㱻֪鵽֪ҲҰҼүӻϡĵﴽǣ˵ˣС㣬Ҽүһӡ
ðɣϯһǷ˳顣
ȻΪϯ͸Ϊ˷ǽǣĴˣϯ顣
Ͼȥȳͼ뻹ǰǷҵ飬ҪǷ顣
С㣬ôˣǲһӿôӣ֪ҪãļϯﶢһϻƱΪڿЩӵôء
룬ҪСȥιɺɣιɺ׬Ķ࣬ǱĺüҪǿ


100 

ιɺǺãϯС㶼ιˣ׷ӣǻᱻүү˷֡
ǳƹ񣬿ɳҼҴҵλүһҲҵҼҪĴϣмСǶүүŽȥˡ
죬͵ǾͲιһҺȶ֮󣬳һһҺ
ãϯС㣬Ҿÿԡͬ
Ҳ۰ͰͿϯ
ϯ룬ãܶȥιɺ°ǧӣһá
ϯϻóһǧƱʣµģֵݻģȥү˵ҲιһҺӡ
óһǧƱ֮ǰϻǧӣϯȰƳ̴󣬾Ͷǧӵ̴㣬ǧӣ±á
Ľϻӣһˡ
ϣԷǰٴϢ˵Ͻ赽˰ǧӣѾ˶ծڵʤһİõծ󣬻ϯҴ󷿿˼̳þơ
񻹸ϯ̫̫ӸϣµĿͷȴûи˵̫࣬ûŲշ
𰸣ϯϵϵҾںݳǣпշŲҲܸŲҪ󣬱Ϊϡ
ЦˣϯҶС֪Ϣ󣬻һ٣˵ȥᣬϤС㶼˿ͷûݳǺͰ֮䣬һᱻЦ
ϯ˵⻰󣬻ϰѵһ٣Ϊ˽ȴһŷ𣬷ǹϵ£;С˵СǺ˵˵棬ϯҴ󷿡
ˣϯС㣬һ£Ҫ档˵ϯõºһҪ
ϯĿϯҴ󷿻ʲô£
ϰʱһʮĸ˺һʮС˵úͱŮҾ鲻򵥣Ǹ˵ϯҺӾ͸ڴһһ˼
ãϯգգ۾ȻһЦˡ
λãϯɲİ
ǰ޽ҵĵڶ£˵ϯͬˣɵĲˣλá
ңλãԼҡ
ǰûô֣ǵȰµĽŴŮǮסϯҴ󷿡
ΪϸϽ֮£ǮϾǰסϯҴ󷿡


101 ͬ

ϯ̴ͬ㷽Ӻ󣬵ڶϣʹȥһϣȻȥһ̴ƷæҶûȥҲˣϯͬҲ֪󷿷¡
ڵڶķȥʤһӴϲŵõȷеϢ
ϼæϯﵽǰ󷿵£ϯһȵı飬˵󲮼С͵͵˴Ϊýýðļױô᣿󲮼˲ٻԺأ˭ȥԺ͵
ǰ˵ǰҹС͵ĸ˯˽ȥ͵ġһµı飬ϳһͷС͵ȥֻ͵ûлףȻǾûˡ
˼ˣ̾һǲĸ϶ģﻹ˵󲮸ĸȥ̫̫ӣԺӣҲҪĸԼˡ
ĸû˽ӣʲôϯʵĵǣȴ˸ֻ
ϣţ˵Ĳô㰢̺󲮰Ѵ󷿵ӿεģҲ˽̲¼ӣҪծѡ
˵ţ̾һϢƺܵƵġ
ϯŵ㲻ͬĸҪɣ
ͬɰҲɵӣĸӣҶ㶼Ķϴա
ϯһ
Ժ󣬾󷿵˹ǰǣҲҪǡ
һ죬󷿵˱ǹĺãôܻǡ¹ҲεǸ
ϲһգȵһĵϲŮĻ
뵽ϾǳպҲ֪ûð㰢ϷصĶ
ЩǶһð죬ðҲǶһãһǮӣȴö
󷿵˿ָ·ˣ˼ҶΪǶǴģû
ÿʱ϶ǰͣȴÿÿᱻסᱻϾ漸ۡ
꣬ϲٱ۸
꣬˸ϷصĶֻԼһҵĶ
öģû
ӽԺϾٸǰһŴˡ
ôģҲǡ


102 ů

ϯ겻ϯͬһ˵׵Ҳϯֵͬ׵׵Ϸأ͸һǡ
Ǽ˾У󷿵ǲܣҲܲţǽȥϷذɡ
Уġ

ϣڴһ磬ϯͬ־ȥ˹ٸ󣬹ٸ˾ͺϯͬȥ˺ҹеӡ
ϯֲͬŵ֪Ѿӵԭ⻧Ͱˣڣڶôװ
ϯүǣ˳үǾͲٲȥˣǵȻȥʾ˵
ٲǵ֪ӵǳү󣬾ʶӲٴ֣ȻҪҡ
Ǻݳǵһңźݼֵ̣˿񣬲Ҷ¥Ŷȣ⣬Ҷв֣һϱߺüߣɽɽ֪׬˶١
üٲɵģǳҵĶүүҶүƷͨʹΪͨʹ˾֮٣ְƳתͷⲵ£֮µ¡
үϱ߸֪֪ͬƷһүھţ֪˳ˣҲõͷķС
֪ҵˣССĹٲ͸Ӳҵ
ٲϯͬ˵תˣһżϯͬ֡
ϯͬҲҵˣӣֲľôˣ˼ȥϯͬ־ͻȥϣȥϣϳ棬һʧ
ϵķٰص̫үˣһССƷٶںݳǸ˵ʲôҵһֶǰ̽
ھΪ٣Ʒ䲻ߣ˾һ߹٣˼Ҹ׽ɹȢ˸߹ٵŮΪޡ
Ϸ̫үְҲǿ˵Ӹġ
޼Һ֪ݡ
֪õܣҲΪһɽڣ֪Ÿڰһһ޶
ϯͬȥϣҲȥ֪
ϯͬԼȥ֪֪϶Ϊϯңȥңϳ棬ֻҪ̧֪͵ÿֵϣӦϡ
˵ĸϲůҴӺůȥ
ϸմãϯͬ־óϸȥٶһů壬ݸϣһҪöĸͬ⣬ȻЩҲҾҪȫͷϡ
ϯֺͬݺݾϡ


103 Ǯ

ϲıϯͬһֱѹţֲҷֻʵ֣һˣǷĸӣǲǸûˣ
ǵȻǰðһ
Ҳأ
Ϻһ䣬ϯֶͬݺݵŵòˡ
ȥϣϿů񣬻ԸǮϵķϣʹӦԸȥ֪һˡ
գϯһȺԺ۽ԪԪʹǮۣһֽһ磬Ŵɣϯ۵ıͷðһ㱡
żӺһԪϼϯˣ˵ԪðһǮۡ
ϯóӣĨһѶͷϣЦ㣬һۣܴһ
ôۣģͷкˡϵĻۻŮվҪŮ
ӿڵ̫̫С㣬ūɣūһܶš
ǺãЩeˣˣͲֽǮˣǻղϲĵ
ūŵͷū֪ūСĴġ
ϯͺӻһλá
ÿڣ˶Ҫæһ죬ǮۣԪϣһֱæϵʱ֣꣬ðһֽǮɸɻҲ˼
Ǯ۵ˣϯͬ˳ˣ꣬˳ûˣϯͬæţʣһŮˡ
Ǯûһˣɲ
Ӻһǰڱ˼ūʱĶǴֻûиɹϸɡ
ϲǴǮۣ´ˣ˷ѲֽѧԪһʼѧã˲𣬲ۣüΣѧˡ
ϯˣŮȥһԴǮۡ
ڣӸɻϸһʼֻŲֽŴЩᣬҲãŵĴ򣬴ŴţҲͻˡ
ϯЪ󣬾ͿʼԪ
ϯֽһһŽɫֽͱһɫԪ
ۺÿһĽԪϯǸ̶ЩֽǮɡ
̣װϡ
ΪûʸϯҲֻϯصصƫƧѡһطˣذҲߣȥϵķذ챻ˮƽˣҲ˾Ұݡ


104 ˽

ϯͬΪĸĹ϶ãֽǮϯͬգԸϯ˶
ϯͬΪ˲ǵĸҲ
ˣÿڣϯͬϣԼԺϵ֣ΪЩֽǮԪ
꣬ʹ˺ٺʹһȥϷء
ϯͬҪȥϷֽǮԪҪϹƷϹȥĹĸķĹһû˹ܵĹ·Ƶġ
ûһݣֽǮҲû٣Ѿ̵һݸˡ˵̹꣬ǼҶûĸյֽǮãҪЩǷģһոá
˰̵ģϯǵģҪԪֽǮĲ١
㰢˵ʣֽϻۣҪָԪ˶٣ֵ
ϯЦˣǾʣһֽһߣۣҲҪЩԪ۵Щţո̡
Լһ𡣡ϵ룬ԸȥüϯۺõԪԼһ
ۺõԪżҲӼϯ
ϯҶˣֵ׼ڵĶϯҴ󷿵һѰұ͵Ĳ˭ҲûҪõĶ
ڶϣϯͬһɼҶȥϷصƷûãͻˣҲǿյġ
үˣĴŶˣүһѾȥصءܽãϯͬ
ʲôϯͬŭˣǻûϯͬȻȥϷصƷأû
үүˡ˼ҶȥϷˣôܻү
ϯͬɫ࣬ôĵӣϯҵճӣһǰȥϷأǷ
ү󷿺Ͷͷּˡӵϯͬһ䡣
ּô꣬һֱѹŶѹϰˣΪһ˾Ǵ󷿵ūţøʲô͸ʲôκηһжȻѹͷּˡ
ڱѣµϯ֣ͬŭּôּˣϯͬҲӵġ
үּˣԼȥϷأҹ棬Ҳ˵ʲôٴѵ
ϯͬ˽ϯͬһ˵ūʹ£ֵ֪֪ϯҴһˣñ˵Ŀˮ


105 

ϯּͬҴȥ˳ԺӣһѾȥصأϷصƷҲȫˣô죿ʲôƷҲû׼ȥЦ
Ѵ׵͵ŰƷȥصأȥȻȵôһϢ
ɫϵɳ©ʱ䲻ˣҲ˲ȥһˣ͸Ͻϯֵͬɰȥ̿Ǯ۵ֽǮۺõĽԪúȥ±㣬±ƷˮˮͱˣۼһУüȥС
Ϲڶգ±ˮͻᱻ·ɻĽлȥˣˮ²Ҳν
ϷԸ꣬ϯͬ־ȥԸȥˡ
ֻǣȥûãٴοųˣһǱͷɢң·Ҳ˺ü飬ϻлץۡ
һ֪Ǳ˴ˡ
ɥүūȥ̣ƹūö˵Ҫöԣȸӣūûӣ˶˵ɱˣɷ˵ūŴһ٣үүʵ̫ˣȥˣǻøأοǻһˣүôֱײϡ
˵ţĨĨʹա
ϯͬҵˣһϯͬɫࡣ
ҲʱȰǰȽϯͬеʱˡ
ϯͬûðȥһҶʣһŶʮƱԸȥeϷƷ
Ϊػأ˲ʱ䣬ȴһ˴żֽǮԪϵϯصʱһѾϺ÷뿪ˡ
ϺϯͬĸӶ˵űõϵķĹ۾ﶼҪϯͬŭ˼֡
ϯͬ޶յң̵Ӿ˵ȥˣǴһܡ
ϯͬüֵܿͷĺܺãԺ󷿵ȥöǾ͵ôܾ
ӸˣЦӦá
ӻүʱºݻ˵үŹǶˡ
ԺҪӡϯͬ
˺үҿ󷿵˲ʹưոݣһ鷳ԺҪСЩҪ˴˵ĵ


106 ȫ

˶٣ֵ˶˺ˣ羹Ȼ˼ȥ̰öҿ󷿵˿ûϴΰ˵Ļϡ
ߣһΣǶԲ˲ԵĸԴɩѾ御ϯͬ
ϯݻ·֪ݶϵӵĻ󣬾ϯ﷿䣬
ϯջѣԣͺǺЦϯͬǹĲ˳ʺҼӣ˽أ
С㣬㿴һҪҪϯͬһκݺݵĽѵĦȭʵ
áϯ￴һۣԣԼһˮȡ
ϯּͬѰұ͵ĲʱҼ鷳Ƕǿǰȫ
ʲô˼գգۣûк塣
ϯϵı䣬ϸ£÷ڼʱ͵|ˣżץһУŮǮ϶⵽ż˻ɲǮҵѪҪھΪ٣ʱͻᱻ˽
ȻûҲǮˣǮһ𱻸ϳǮҡ
ŮҺҲöˣϸǺҵҼֹеСǶżңϾҪЩټ޳ȥ
͵|˵£ٰ˵֪ҪٰһȢˣϼѡ
ⲻݳǣͰĸŮˣҪûΪһ˼ңֱöԷ̧ȥҲʡһݼױ
Ǹټ޸ˣ߻һŮԣҪ󲻸ߣֻҪһȱԴȱ̺С˼ҾС
գҪȥиýӸ䱣ýȥӣϴӦˣҪҪΪһӲʵ˼ң޻檣ϾͲܡ
ĸŮʱ͸ϣϯҴ󷿡
ģܲҩϯͻȻʵ
ʲôҩһȻԡ
ș
˫ۣ͵󣬺ð죬ϯҪʲô
ϣĳȥһˣ󣬾ʹһСֽϯƳһСֽûнֻ֣Ըȥţ£ȫϯͬ֡
ϡ̫ˣкϷɿˡ
̵ķˡ
֮ϯһֱڵȳŵĺϢһȣ͵죬ڵȵ˳͹Ϣ


107 

Ϣˣ
磬ϯͬϊ£ϣϯֳͬ˼죬ϯͬһ⣬Ҳһӵˣϯֵͬ˼ץۣĶˣϯִͬͼææʰҶȥˡ
ߺûãͶСȥϯ֣ͬһĹһѳֲסͲóų֣˾͹һ𡣡
Ȼ˳ųֺ˹𴲵ԣļԺ˶ˡ
ϵĸӣϯֵͬĴ¼ˣæȥұţϴҴҸϻʱѾǵڶϣһϴϯͬͷ˯ûء
ŽȥֱƱѻӴ仹Ժʱݺ伸ơ
һ磬ʤǱ߾ֵĲɿǳϳѹסϣǰͷżҵǵ£Ҳ֪׻˵Ĳ˳ʺϲպԼӱñӣͲţȻ䲻İױϯͬ˯ˣżҵвҲͲ֣£󱻳ѹԺҲһķ˿ڡ
ѵʤ㱨ϯˣüˣǰͬˣΪνֲͬ⣿
ϯϸǰ֪£ͻȻϯֵͬ£ʱҲֵİݳ˶֪Ϊֵͦ󣬳ҵѾ߶˵ˣŻ֪ԡ£Ȼ˿ڣ󣬻Ǳ˴˳ȥ
ֵ˵֪ϲϯͬΪ檶С
ԣʣС㣬ҪҪ´ȥϯЦˣ˵òǳ֡Ի֡
ɲһ˯ˣĬ֨ˡ
˵ʤͳһϯҴ󷿵ˣϯڼҳд飬׸¡
ϯﳭдһ죬ûţϳʱ裬裬ڴϣ˵ʲôûУ
СЦĸȥм⣬˶˵½飬ö˼Ҷûͷ˵Ĵׯȥ˲ⷿӵģΪ׬ӣԼһ˰ȥס˯ѺӶճ⣬𻹲ͣܶϴǺü롣


108 

ûЄe𣿡ϯʡ
ЦŵͷУһ£ʹйء
ϯʱˡ
ֻ˵ǰӲǽС͵˵͵˲ٲӵķҲһ͵ˣҲûãûⲻүͱ٣ûӣӱˣǳҵү˵֪үȥˣҲ֪ܲû
󷿵ùܸˣ˵ʱһֻĻ
ˣ£Ҳ˵ˣ˵ǲﻹϵﶪģô໤ԺôС͵ȥˣ
ӴС͵ȥһͷԺ˵ȥֻı鲻Ҫ̫˷ܡ
ϯգգۣ裬裬ûЄe𣬹ڴ󷿵ģ
ûѽС㣬㻹ʲô£С֪ʲôƵġ
ϯǺǣԷ
ϣҹ˾ʱϯĻ˳ԸȥǱûж
ûУѾȥʹˣС㣬Сרĳд飬ҾûС㡣
Ķ˶٣ֵ˵취ĸŮȥ̫ͷϼûװûˣǷӣֲǿƸȥ
˽ְԵܻһԼŮڼסǷϰǧӣϣͲǿưĸŮϳϯҡ
ƤҲ񣬾ȻҲµļϯҴסȥ
ϯͷΪû֣Ҳһ֣˭֪ȥȻȵһŭϢ
ϸϲ䣬һˣ޳ȥ˭ãȻϯͬ⡣
һֱϴαϯĳҲűߵǧӵĳ𣬻ǵöһ峤󷿵峤ǰ
Щһֱš
ϲùҲϺϯùϾϣɸϯͬ
ұǸһֱסȥҲãʱˣ˻֪˵ʲôлأ֪Ǹݳŵ»ӰǼҵʱ򣬰ᰰõĻ϶ѡ
ϹǣŮĻΪһֱŮܸ߼ޣΪϯҵӰŮĻ£ǳһ·


109 ҥ

ϵϣģҪ˼ߣܵһýڰɣϯҿɲҡ
Ҷĸ֮԰ѱĸŮиңҸһ˼ң⼸գ˼ȥǾñúͶүз࡭£ðУǶүĵĸҪ檣Ǿһ仰顣
߹ȥվڳϱ磬첲һٺ壬ϲڵͷӦ档
ʵҲԹ޶Ǹԣ峤棬
ô⣬ܽҶһˣϺϯϰͲʹӦ
ģһ磬ϯֵͬ鴫ȥҪݳǵ˶֪ϯͬΪ檡ϯٵ֪󷿵Ҫư󣬾ɫķԸ
Ȼϯֹͬ£޸檣Ҫϯֵֵͬȫݳ˶֪һϯͬ˯˵Ůˣϻô޸檣
գգ۾С˼ҪǿӲֶΣӲϯ֣ͬ
ߣϿϵŮˣҪҰҲ֮֮ѡϯﹴЦ
ľʣС㣬ϴθŵҩûأҪóٴϯֺͬһΣ
Ҳãñ˿ҥɲġ
ĶʱЦˡ
ϣС۷׷һ£˵ұŮס˵ʤϯңϯүĴϯүΪ̣ңӴȥŮǮϣҲ˸Ϊϯϡ
£˵б۾ķһһʮʮ٣һϵʱ䣬ʹĺݳ˵֪
ϯҴ󷿣ϳ緹ҪȥϯͬͼҴҳһӣ̫̫ˣ²ˡ
Ǻ裬飬ϣûŹ嵥ȥ˭֪мϣȴ˹ү顣
輱̫̫ˣүӵ鱻˳ȥ˶ڴ˵үΪ檣˵ǮСĸһϯңϯˡ
ɫ䣬žһһƺݺϣŭ£ѾˣôܴȥҲ飬˭ģҪ


110 ϱ

ɫɲŵúҲҴһ£͵͵ӦһǣȻȥˡ
ߣõϣŻŵҳϡ
ô£˵Ҫѱɸϯͬô˶ڴɸүѽ
ң˭ȥ
ŭ˾䡣
ϵ֪º󣬶ͱһӵĻǡˣ𲻳磬˭磿
ҲһӵŭɱϺһ϶ʱ侲ȻϾһίʵһ˹ȥģ֪µ˲࣬ϯ⣬Ҳ䡭һȥģһ֪Ҫ޸ϯͬԸ⣬ԾΪǿ
أүʱҾ͸֪ǸҪĻءһܴӦŰǱݻؼҵŮˣһţǡϯҵԺţɾҪָűЦ
ԽɫԽĻҲԽֱһ豭ͳȥ㻹ޣҪΪһϻӶסܰһĸŮǻ𣿡
ϵͷ֨ˡ
ڲ豭ǿյģûˮҵֱϣһۣ϶ˡ
ϳһٻ𣬲ŷԸһԵķӣȥǵDҵҪʿôϯңʲôĿģ
緹ͻ˿ͷĥôֶԸϯҵˣɻû취Ӿˡ
洫ŵ£䲢֪ˣʮ־£̫̫Ƿôôȥˣ
㴫ģĶƺж˵ĻǼ١
æҡͷ£ҲŻأôܻᴫȥȻһ˵ˣȥʲôôϯң˵ʵһء
ϣĴ϶ʱŭָ䣬㲻ýƱˣ£㣬û˻˵ȥߣҲƭǣʲôϯңĽڶѡ
˼ñϵָ״˵Ȼ㶼˵ˣǺðɣҲ㣬ȷʵǿ˱ȻϯҲôҿϣ򳤵ĲϯҵĲҵҲ㹻һӳĺģֻǣϧˣôһˣȴȢ˱ôһװͰ͵ķţһʻţϣȻǶʻָǱ򡣡
ţָ࣬ϡ


111 

һ䣬һţʺDţʺ硭
ֵӣŭ䡣
ͷ˹ȾͶ㣬һգ໽УС潋D㣬ǽǣңҲ˺졣
ųصӣһֻȭͷȥȭͷвĻ˻ӣվţ𶯡
ҪңҪܣִ򲻹㡣ӣһ׷һܡ
ҲǱɲ㣬ҪվŰִ򲻹ϣ˶ϯˣûһ˻ǰġ
㣬׷ˣܲҵġ䴭㣬㿴øұôôģұû㣬͸úúллұǡ
ޣһһллĵ䣬޵ҧгݣڣС潋Dţء
㣬һ˲檰ԺҺһ̺򣬱һˡ˵Ͻ
һڣ붼룬ԸүŮˣҲ㡣
乴һЦ㣬ҪӦҰ£˭ҲҪǱ򲻼ޣ㲻ͬ⣬ǺðǷҰӻˣھʰˡ
ӣ
Ķӻ
Ӷ˺ϯͬ־һֱûҵȥˣǲ͵ӡ
͵ˣ϶취ûӻĸ˶ûȥʧûһʲôĸ
ϱס˶̴һӾȥһ룬ˡ
״Ц㣬ǿǴСһ𳤴ıãǰʲôĶңǾҪΪһˣӦø˲ǡ
˸ƨ
꾫
ɫһ䡣
һֱû֨ĳϣϰ˵һۣȻ䣬ϯҴţҲܽģҲûܣ϶ȱһλͻݵչԸ⣬ҵǿ
˵ϯͬʶϯͬǰϯʱΣϯͬһϡ
һӣĵǱȱ򻹺ÿϧҼ޸һү檣ҿɲԸ⣬Ȼһˣɵҵˣ޸ϯүǲԱô


112 

οϯҷּʱϯͬδֵʲôƲ˵ӹýͰ͵ģ˺ˮ𣬻ԺԼųԡ
ɲȥϯͬӣȻϯͬĲɺÿҲܵԣܵӻ
ľܾóϵɫһ±ĺڳߵҥԣҪϯҴţϯҿɲʲôûɫܽġ
ɫ䣬㡭
ӣ˳ȥ壬˵Ϊ϶׼ģ͵Ȱ½ºٰ͹ȥ洫Щ޻̸֮
ſڣҪϾͱԸӡ
ԣɫѿʲô̫̫Ϊ洫ҥԣҾͻԹԸǸ檣ǺǣҲ˵ˣҥԶѡ
ǾơϺ
Ͳţһһһֱš
ûɽʲôҲǡ
ʱôô
Ϻ޺޵š
û뵽﷢飬ſȥ
żҪȥŤתҥǿϯͬ檣룬Ϣĸ˷Ȼѷɳȥˣһȫڰ·Ͻסˡ
ֱ磬ţϯֺ֮ͬʱ֪ҥûŤתǬԽԽңҥ˵䱻Ǯ֮ǰͺϯͬһȡ
ҥ˵ǮϯֵͬŮ
Ϣˣϡ
ɫʳϣҵŮɲ۸ģ£ѰƣϯҰҷĶˣ
ϯѣεİǣǵãһ۸䣬ģ
׼ĸ˵ֺͰ飬ô죿ĿųϣгϽղóһ͸ϯûꡣ
ϵɫҲÿû뵽ϾȻΪһŮΪϯҡ
ô˵Ҳϵ׶ĸ䲻ϵһŮ϶ϲǡ
ϲûϣһ䣬ӣϯҲţֻϲưոݡ
ôϯһʼϾþòػϵŭ׼ĸҽվͰѻ⣬ϯҲȢţϯҾͱںݳǴȥ


113 

ºݻ󣬾ԼѾȥ
˭֪Ѿ߳ȥûãһҺ־ŵϣ̫̫ϯү
ʲôϷ
ݺݵһ۳Ϻ󣬾š
ղѾߵĻҲһɫֺҲæϣϹȥ
ϯֺͬһιˣλϺͳץһֳϿææ·ˣһѪϳ壬㡭ǡǡ
̫̫˰̫̫εˡ
ϱˡ
ϯӵϢʮˬᣬֺǺǵץһţкϷˡ
ϯҴܾţҪҡ
ңǵ֪֪ϯҴ󷿵˾ͱ밲ȻںݳǴȥ
ϯ͵õϢϯͬΪ檣ǮҲĸһϯţϯϯϣϯֵͬĵŮ
ٻ飬ˣûоٰ죬ֻǳɻ鵱մһҺɫ£һ̧ΣұԺֱ̧ȥϯҴ󷿣ûģҲûбûаÿͷ
ȫ̰塣
ʱʹȥƽﴩ·ʹΣʲô޶ûΪð죬£ϯ͹ȥġ
ŵĵϣϯ
ϯ΢ЦŵһŮһܻŮϻðױŹ֣ҿ°ôִٺ壬뻹ϵ˼
Ǵ죬ΪӣΪҵôҲøðʮ̧ױ
£ðױӣϾʡˡ
ǹ̫̫ϣƾ
˶٣Цӽźǳϵɫ֪жѿҿԺϯҴ󷿵ӣ϶ĺ֡
ֲźãȻЩˣܻһЩ
ϯͬ檵£ĵĽˣϯͬ϶ڼ֮˵ģһգǰ½Ὺʼǰһա
һգϯľˣһʰϸĵİдõľһϻ
ϼ״͵Ҳд˾飬ݣȥͰķһ𡣡
ǣ̫̫
Ӧһ̵ȥ˴үûãͱźһˡ
ϯӹ飬˼ҳּɾ࣬ͿдԽԽˣдĺá


114 ̫̫

ЦЦǽÿζޣҺͰҲд˼ž飬ֻдĲãóȥ
ϳũ壬ʶֲ࣬Ǽ޵ϯҺϯͬʶ֣ϰֺҲڣϵʶˣֻдĲÿּɬ롣
ϯ۾һ˵д棬ҪһƬ⣬ִֺֻߴٵͰ蹳ľһ˵ķһ𣬵ʱһ档
ϲԥˣȥԼ䣬ʮž飬ݸϯֻţ蹳ʮţ㶼棬e˿
д̫ѿ˿ˣ˼Ц
ϯЦŴãһ鶼ϻ档
ʰĲˣϯʱˣҵûǻɸ˳ȥɣ
ţݣȥӿڿҪǳˣ͸Ͽ֪ͨǡ
ϷԸݵ
գ˹˵ҵڽʱǣɿɳ©ʱˣҵûӰ
˰£һʱȴٵˣϯﵣڰ·ǲǳʲô£
û£ֻǸճҴʱͱ˽סˡ
סˣǳҶ̫̫ߵĹ֣ǿյģ̫̫ɷ˵Լҵ
ˣ˵̫̫үҪãүǰվ˻ԸūŽҪȥгˣūȥˣǱ˾Ҫżˡ
г̫̫üүˣʲôˣ
ūŲ
ȷʵ
һֱϯˣֻгһˣΪԼ˵飬ûи߳ϯȹ£֪µֻгߵĴºͷƹ񣬻ļˡ
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ȻŤͷԼ
һżΪѡ
ǳרãҲǳרóȻӡλСѾӡСǳҵĹͣܲܰѹ͸ɡ
û취ֻڴſڵһȥҶϢ
ȳӵҶƹϢʱѾʱС
һɳ©ϯԼʱ綼ˡ


115 ֪߳

ƽһΣʧˡ
ʧŸϯ
СѾͷڼָжżء
ŭѵû˵Ҫã
˵ˣɶ̫̫ɷ˵ӲҲð˸ƹ˵ţ˶٣ֵӡСŵĳңûǰкʹ֮ǰ̫̫ǰźõ£ֻðүˡ
Ů࣬Ӻ˼ʮˣټһЩҵС˼ҵ̫̫С㣬Ҫʮʮȥ
Ҷ̵ͱ̫̫ǵȥˡ
ԣһ˫üͷлһ˿ᡣ
ӡλС㣬ΣһΣǽ£﻽ȥ˵·԰ʱǡ
ԷϾͲµǶɩ͵ӡС㣬ʱ·ܿ˶Էɼպ󣬶ɩȻ￪ڣ
ڰҲһˣûӦɩ˽ӡСûӡ󣬾;ܾ¡
ܾĵڶϣȥ밲ȴ·ϱӡСӡСס·
ӡС㣬˽У·֪߳ܵΪξܾ£ΪοǺǡ
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ԺϴӲҶģһֱڱԺֻǳ̫̫Ҫˣûгֻ÷һѳ
ȷһϵгʱѾʱĩȺӿڵݣӶˣ˫ҲվˣǼһҴҶ
ϳϳķȷǰתܣĳϯСԺɤź̫̫С㣬ˡ
ݻʱҲϯҴſڡ
ϯǸϯС㣬ү˵⣬үǵȼˣȹǣү˵¶ûźãĴүҴǸ
˵ţϯ˾Ϲ
ϯԱ߲һӣܿһ񣬵£鷳үүǸ
ֵƹһ£Ͱᶫ
ȥµ˾ϣϯˣҲ࣬һһ֣ˡ


116

ǰϻĵĶ裬һжˣҪúչǸˣϲɹ̫ɹɹ̫ɹʱe̫ãܲס
ϳţĵĲӣǴӡ
ϯǶϯܷͬͣģϯԼһߣӾͻᷢ
Ҫ¸治´ڼңĲ¡
ʱĶŵġ

ݳһʱĳ̣Ϊ˸·ĸû緹ˣ·һҰʱ³ʮӣ緹ĸֱϾͽˡ
ϵº룬ֻýͣ˰²ſרͣĳء
ͣ£һںԼƹ񣬷ƹ񡭡
תͷͼƼȾڲԶ֡
ôǶһʱˡܵǰƼ˫ֲ
޹үӡСˣү֪Ѿ˴ʱ
ԣٵҲܹ
Ƽ߷ߵ˭֪үӣĶɶ̫̫֪ðүҿǹġ
꣬С̫̫֪㡣Ⱦŵҿһ£æСƼ
ƼƲƲ죬һȻҲû˵ʲô
ʱϯ̫̫ϯС㣬µˡ
ϯˣһ³
Ⱦ״æƼһǰ񣬵ϯ̫̫ϯС㣬ūȾƼүԸūǹ̺ϯ̫̫ϯС㡣
˵ţȾȥϵİϯ̫̫ūðɡ
ЦЦǾ鷳ˡѰȾ
̫̫ˣūӦġȾЦ
ƼҲһЦ⣬ϯϽӹȻһȺ˺ͷǣȥ˳ҶĿԺ
µĿԺ֣һǴԺӣвңкܶ䣬ʺ˶Ĵ˼סֻĴԺ࣬Ҳ
ڶСԺӣ䲻࣬ԺҲСʺٵС˼ס
ǿͷٳһƽأ˺ܶͷһţһټͷ
ôͷҲס
ϯһ·˺ö౧ԹûͷӣҪ˶Ŀͷ


117 

ϯһȺ·һԺſʱԺűˣһãôѵԤ˿ͷ
ϡ
ϯͬȢΪ檺ϯҺϼף׼ҡ
ΪֺĸϣԼֵõһͷóסԼȥϣֶҪһͷԼס
᲻Ů·ϯ᰺ϯúһסѾǾʹ̣ʣһ˲Ըظ·ͺƤҪһס
ڼҴӦĺúõģɵ˰£ȴȥѾӼһס䳳˼䣬˭֪ϺϯϯþȻ˵
Ҳһ䣬ѵϼ䣬˵źŮҲǺѾסһݣô㲻У
ĳĵԺӣ֪Ԥģûжͷ֪ǿϣŻҼ䷿䣬ڣһŲ䷿סԼһ䷿䶼һݣ˶סãôסã
ϷֵʱίĸǷסѾӣҡôס
Ѿӣһ⣬ϺĸŮˣϺķ䶼ĴôͲԼѾԼӵϴ̣
סһӣʲô
ҪԸסͲסظ·Ҳ㡣ϰȻˣҪϢͻԼͷ
ϱһûߣ͸͸û뵽ԺţͿϺϯƣǡ
ϿһֳۣδŵԺһۣʵɩ㶨ͷˣס
аסĿͷһҪԶɲһţϡ
ߣ㻹ûشأǲǶͷˣ
ûУѰæóӸסûԷǳҵˣҲ֪ǼҺͳתƻɩˣͰᰰҲ˰ɣ
ţˡϰͻȻ۾˵ͷ
ţסһ䣬סһ䡣ϵ
¶ϲȻϰԵǿӲ̬ãȱһ䣬óһ䷿סͰסһ䷿


118

Ϻϯͬ⣬˿ĸŮߵļˣѾߣϴǳȹϵˣŵֻһˣ̾Уˣôˣȴȥ䡣
ϱ΢ȻܾǷ䲻ǵģҲǽסٽɩסɩǱˡ
˵ʲô
ƺû뵽ϻܾϱѣݺݵϣסһôˣãסаأͰᰰûѾסһ䷿Ϊϱȴһ˰ռһ䷿ĿŰһѾӼһ䣿
ϼϲǰôͰѳ̧˳
Ϊ̧ϣϿ϶Թóһ䷿סɾİʱһԵƼߵƾ㣬ǳסһԺӣҸ㣬Ҳ룬ǳסԺӣɲʲô˶סȥġ
ϯ̫̫ǰɣȾҲҿ㻹Ъ˼ɣ̫̫ͬ⣬Ҽ̫̫Ҳͬġ
㡭ǳҵѾߣһƬȻϣ㡭Ǻͳҵʶ
ЩԹߣԹϯҶģͳҵʶȻûǡ
͵˷ӣǱүȥˣ֪ʶҵˣһϯͬȥңҪˣǶȥĸȥ֪
װôȴڶûҪ
ǳ˺ϯ̫̫ϯС㲻ʶǰգҼ̫̫ûͷڰ´ſż䷿סϻشȾͻش
ӣƼȾȥģȾŻһػǲò֪ϣаѳϯ֮͸¶
һ±֪һ²⵽еè塣
ʱ򣬹ٸϵˣͲǳ룬ϯ
ȾɲΪһ⣬ϯﱩ¶Ϲٸˡ
ϯкЦĿһȾȻᳶ˳ϵӣˣȥϢɡȻϣ΢΢£Ժ˵ɣһǶҪȥҪһʱû㾫ܲס
ɩǾˣɫƣҲȥϢɡϵ


119 䱻

Ⱦһϯǰߣһߵϯ̫̫ϯС㣬ղԺ֪˶ģǳҶԺӾڸڡ
ҲΪȾϲǰ¶ҵĴڣȴ˵˳Ϊ˵ò˶ãҲ֪
̧ϴӦ跿ס̧ѹϣϽΧ
ЦȾղллҽΧҪ̧ǴɩǿӲסɡ
סҲÿǴӦӦȾ
仰Ĺ򣬾Ѿˡ
һСԺӣһӣŸҵЩ˼סڶӣǳ̫̫ǵĵ̣ӣǳҼλСסĵط
ϯﰲŵķڵ᷿ͳСڣҴСͶСס᷿סǼλСͼ̫̫̫̫
ȾƼϯ˵ʱλ̫̫ȥˣλСԺ˵
ףȾ⼸λĸĹ𣿡
һȺ˸սԺͱۼĳС߿ˣĶϯＸػش
ȾƼ߹ȥ˸ȾλС㣬λϯ̫̫λϯС㡣ȻһһϯϽļλС㡣
ڽܵӡλСʱϯԸо˿Ŀһ˿⣬ϯ￴ȥʱ˻һȻһĵ̧̧°ͣñǿ׻Ӧϯ
ϯüҲû˵ʲôȴ˼ˡ
ͻȻȾĸ䷿䣬ӡλסˣѾûշˡ
Ⱦԭ΢Цʱס
ӡҽãǿүϯ̫̫ϯСסģӡСӡС㲻һ¾סȥүĹסĶȥ
ǿɲܣҴ㰲סȥģҪʣȥҴˡӡ㺭°̧̧ߵ
Ĵ㣬ǳҶ̫̫
̫̫ӣȾһѾߣôҲȥӡ
Ⱦɫʱ£һүȻһǸĶϯĸŮϯ̫̫ϯС㣬Բū澴⣬Żᷢ£ϯ̫̫ϯСȥū澵ķЪϢūɽȥү
ȾƼˣǳⰲŹ̺ϯϵѾߣҲϯʹȵˣȻҲзԸǣϯʲô£Ƕ봫Ϣ
ڣ밲ŸϯĸŮķ䱻̫̫ˣô飬ȾôҲү


120 

ȥվס
Ⱦȥ߳룬ӡ㺭ˣæһʹɫ
ǰסȾȾһС¶ѣαֵүǰȥǰԺм䷿ܿɣȾȥҲŲһ䷿ϯ̫̫ϯСס
ȾԣǺЦȻǰԺŲշ䣬ǾӡСӡСᵽǰԺȥסɡ
ôܣҿɲȥһȺϲ̨סһ𡣡ӡСƲƲ죬һ⡣
ϯֿϣЦҿϯ̫̫ϯСȥǰԺסãһˣ
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ϴŸʵͷֻһ֧ľӣ£Ҳϴһ֧ӣǿĵġ
ĸŮ˵Ĵ̫ʵӡҵūŴĺãҲӡλСһʼûǷϣġ
ƼԼүĹͣ裬ǱƢʱ̲ˣǰӡС㣬£ϯ̫̫ϯСǲȥǰԺסģϯ̫̫ϯСҼүĹͣȴүŸ͵Ŀͷǲó仹¶ˣӡҵļҽ̾ˣ
㡭澸ң
ڱһѾ߸ѵˣǵԼŮ棬ӡپԼѾߣС죬ƵΪֹҲ۸ӡ˵ͷ
ڳˣɫʱ䡣
Ҷĳܽͳ̧һϷı飬Ƽֻ
ӡ㺭Ϸŭ
ҶС㼾ƣС㼾أüһͬĵӡ
ֻгĳߣɫʮֲÿ
׻˵򹷿ˣƼˣǳҵūţӡӡ㺭ķ䣬ڻҪѾߡֱ̫
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Сϳˡ
ĹĵƼҳҵūţӡҴҪһ£ھȥ̣߰ΪŶͿ۸ǳˣߡ
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ӡ˺ߣѾ߰״ʹһɫ


121 

״ߵƼǰ̧־ҪƼռ
ΪƼҶ㣬һƲգ˭֪Ƽͷһƫ̧֣Ҫ״ϻȭͷ
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ӡҪǣǿԱܣܻ֣¶ԷֻӡһѾߣҲǸūſԴˡ
Ƽֻ÷߷ߵջ֡
Ⱦɽ£һҪ֪ͨү
ţǰһϻ
Ⱦ˵ţֿϯϸǣλСǣȻ󲻵С˵ʲôתҪߡ
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仰ǿϯĸŮ˵ġ
ҲΪԼĸŮʹóҺӡҲ죬æֵ⣬ҺͰסһ䷿С
ӡ㺭ͷϿҵǸԸ˳һ䷿ϯ̫̫ϯСסҪϯ̫̫ͬˣȾҲͲپ²š
ӡ㺭ȥʰȾƼϯȥǵķϢȷʰˣϯĸŮס˽ȥ
ȾƼһʰܿϯＸ˵ʰ׵ȻƼȥˮȾȥԺ̫̫
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үǾǵƷٶĴɽҲǳү
ӡ㺭ӡ˸ڳǰҫΪƾҲǳ̫̫ͳүƣ˿ڳ̫̫ϣȥӡ㺭ӡƽϡ


122 װ

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Цŵˮãϯ̫̫ϯС㣬˭ϴū̺ǡ
Ƽǲ̺ԼСϰֵ
ǿ治ϰ̺߱򣬾ڼԼ飬ֻҪԼ֣ܶʹ̺
ǺãūȥһˮƼЦţҪţϯﺰסȥҺͰϴһˮ͹ˡַԸȥ׼ľᣬȻҺͰﻻһ١
ҵ̫̫СǽϴҪһһˮ˭ñùˮĸŮҲС
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ϯϴϯȴšɲݸϣϴҸ˼ΣϴúƼúø١
һˣĻﻨʲôС˵ţȴӹϸĲ˲֡
ﻹأһϡϯù಼ӽȻױ̨ȥȥ̫̫ôҲʰ¡ص㣬ó̫̫Ϊǲ
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࣬ҵ̫̫ϴģɱˣ䲻ܸ̫̫ǱȣҲ̫ᡣ
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123 

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á
ϯ·ݸϣԼٲһױ̨ǰͷһƼЦˡ
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۰Ͱ͵ģС̫̫һȥҵ̫̫
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ЩСʧ뵽Ҫڰ´ϰ£ܻ̫̫ģʱֺˡ

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ôãҲûܼ̫̫һ棬ϯˣգԸԳǰţϯǼ
ϯﲻһ̫̫ܺĴϯĸŮһȻϯ֣ϸ
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̫̫˵ͷͻȻϴһߣֱ׽ϯϣǸܸ񣬻мѾ׼ˣȻȥ


124 л

ôصաϯ˵ţҪժ̫̫סֵͣɴǣ¾ǡ
ϯãȻĿų̫̫
ӣʶ̫̫ޣһ̫̫ţ̫̫İȻִ̫̫൱ڴұһӣ̫̫ǰǸСŮױôһˣ
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ϯﱻ̫̫ŪȦˣܿ׿벻ͨĵطȻ̫̫͸ˣ¡
ôصӣҪײҪ
ǰ̫̫ĶˣҲٶһӡ
̫̫ȷʵæϯĸŮֻһСкüӽʾϯ״ͺǣֻǣǰȾƼĸСѾŵϻӣʮȹƥϣϯ֮ǰѹȥ಻⣬ˡ
ƿϯ˼㣬̫̫͵Щһ׼õģԭȥϯңĵ飬ңҵģҲֻ֪ܵ
˶٣˵֪˼ãҪֱӰѶȥңǿ϶֪ͨģҲų£Ѷ˹Ҳĸлһ㲻ܾܾ
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ϯﰵһȻܿİѶˡ
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ϯҲû£Ⱦɫ΢΢˱䣬ɨһ۸ڵķš
ˣ£Ƕȥɡ
͵Ƽǫ˼СѾߡ
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ۣС㣬ôôණĶģ
ϴ·ɨСȥһˣʹӵȵĵɴ۾һȹȫСģС·һߴ磬ⲼϣףƥϴγһѵС㣬ǳ̫̫͸
ţ˵л񡣡ϯﵭִһϻӡ
ȻװһϻӵΣҼ¹أжʮһϻǴ飬飬飬һϻӣֵǡ
ݿľޣϿۻֻϯ鵭


125 к

̫̫ﱦǣرǶ飬ǳҵĺ˻ģڱЩܹأڳȴкܶࡣ
ο̫̫ⱦٶ࣬ҲȲһ
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һһ󣬺СȴƯľӣϯĿԼ
һ黳ܿʱ
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Ȼ˳룬̫̫ȴԭļױ͸һǳϲĶϯһͷۡ
̫̫ôǸкô
ͳƢԣָôļױء
⡭ʲôݺĿӣԴȥףǾôյô찡üëϾȻһС룬ҾȻ֪
СһⶫܴϾͻ顣žҿƼŵһСģӾͻϡ
ˣⶫˤˣ򲻵ƼӣݸϯС㣬ⶫ㻹Сɡ
ҲĴչžӣ˵ܹ󣬻ǰɣŸԺױ
ã㶼պáϯѾӷŻϻȻϻӶϡ
СĵİϻӷŽǴ
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Ⱦ˵ū澻ɽһˣЩūȴߣȷүȽūȥϯҡ
Ҫȥ£ϯ￴ЩĪ⡣
ߣ֪Ѿ̺϶ûġ
ѾѾģľûãȻ˼Ϊɣδ֪أ
С㣬ū澲ȥ֪ͨүүҲ֪﷢¡үˣɲֻƼˡ
вˣүˣүвⰲŹģֻǣ̫̫֪ѡ
Ȼ̫̫Ҳڰ񣬻ү


126 

·£ʱյϢ
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ϴΣүѾһԭΪ̫̫Ѱ㷽ӣҪ߳òѰĵڶ㷽ӣһó˼ȥѰҷӣүôڸ̫̫
ĵŪϵС̺绪Ϻ⣬Դƹ˳󣬾ѾˣҲںһΡ
Ǻðɣ¸ˡ
˵ţ͹ȥ

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ȸͷصū澵ղϯСȥ̫̫밲˵ǸļǼСѾҲǳ̫̫Ѿߡ
ô˵ϯС治򵥣һμ棬ó̫̫ͳô񣬰㣬ǵһȥңĸ͸ǵļ񣬲һ֧ء
ȸȥһ飬ϯСݣϯҺү֮Ĺϵ
ͲһԸµˣһأȻԸϯĸŮͣſͷѾߣϯĸŮչ˵ܵ
ԺסĶǳҺͼҵС㣬С̫̫ǳ̫̫ˣҲǳ̫̫԰סģûǴ棬ǶûʸסɳȴϯĸŮסϯĸŮ˭Ϊܵóͳ̫̫ôأ
֪ΪΣӡ㺭˴ΣϯͳĹϵļɵ͵⡣
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ĸѾߣȾݲļãͨҶƺζȺòҶ١
ǰϯʮȾƵĲҶѾϰˣٺݵĲˮôҲζʱȾߣϯͽһ񣬽ݲ輼̻ݡ
˫ɣҲЩСѧ飬ݳĲˮеȾζ
ȾЦС㣬ٶݼΣݺūݵĲˮ;ųˡ


127

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С㣬˵իʳȾһòˣū澺ȾһȥɣݰͰ͵Ŀϯ
ϯڰ֣㲻ۣȥɡ
лС㡣ݻһͺȾˡ
Ƽϲˮʰ̣˳ȥϴ
ʱʣĸŮˣڴϣΪϯ·߶ȥżң̫̫СˣûмҲ֪ûС
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ǣҪ극ƼɽȥϯȹˣҲһȹڸġ
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ϵҲûʲô£Ҳ߶һ䡣
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˵ˣŲͬ⡣
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128 իʳ

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Ҳ⣬ֻҪеطססǰԺҲУοҲһûˣԺĸŮ⣬˶ǳ׽ݡ
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ȾЦЦСˡүϯСߣҪΪϯСǽġ
ҪȥĸŮ˻󣬾ϴϴ˯¡
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Ⱦ

Ь̤һǷȻ۾ȥţȾ㣬ôôѽ
ˣʱĩٲիʳҪûˡ
Ⱦ˽Żӣ͵Ƶš
ϺϯҲˣȾæȥ̺𴲣ϯȥ緹ԼС
µ緹ҪһЩȾһȥҲõĹ
ȾҲãūȥիʳƼˮȥˣһͻϯ̫̫ϯСȴ·ū澳ȥˡ
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ϴú󣬵˺һȾһʳлˡ
ܹȥʳУҪٲҾҪȥˡ
̫࣬ȥ磬Ȼʱ󶼲һܻᶼҪٵɡ
ʱǱ߻вŶիʳ
緹ʵܼ򵥣һС߲࣬һذӣ̲ˣ˼򵥣ζȴãµիʳǺݳǳζ
óС룬ʢࡣ
ƼҲæһ߰ڿӣһ߽ӿڵԷ˸࣬ǲҪȥŶ췹
϶Ҫȥȥˣһ쵽սͷһ죬˵ǧء
һǧ˳Էǳһ룬ͻͷƤ顣


129 

ͼˣܿͳˡ
ϯｫװһ˳дõľϻӴϣҲͱõһɰӣݶԤ˶ǮǮ
һˣܿʰöҪţ̫̫ߵĴѾ߰ˡ
ݸϯ̫̫ϯС밲ȸϯȻϰ˸ϯ̫̫ϯС㶩λãϯ̫̫ϯСʰöϰһȥ
һϲ⣺Ǹʰö밢ݹ·
ݿӦǣȳţϯ
ϯһţͼҲˣӡ㺭ӡ߳ݣӡЦݣǳĸǵ𣿡
ū澸λС밲ݸ˸ūϰ˷Ըϯ̫̫ϯСȥλС㣬ū澻ܶ㣬ȸˡ
䣬ݾء
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ͬס᷿ĳߣ˳ϯ㣬Ҳһȥ
㲻õ󰢽Ͷôϯ￴Цʡ
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ֻǣ߼޵ĲãһУлǳүѡˣڽ֮ǰү֪Ǿǳӵܡ
˵ǱүóȥԼһǨᡣ
󣬳߹ĺܲá
꣬ؼҹһˣʱ˴̶ʱ䣬ȴʮ껹࣬ҲóĬ࣬һҲûŮʱڵĻÿɰ
һμ棬߱һ磬˵ãӭȢ檣ûӣұӼԼ£Ϊճӣ챻ŵʹѾʹÿ̺ţæѾӶҪۣѹûлͷ׽Ҳݣȥ檵
꣬ҲûΪµӵŮ
˵żңǵٷȥģūѾȥģūѾ߻Ҫۡ
Ǵμ֮û죬߾ͻżң֮Ҳûмߡ
ǰ̫̫˵߲أʱ޶ࡣ


130 

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ˣʮҳдľ顣ߵС£дĲãˣҲ֪᲻ЦңٰѾ˻ظң
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СĹĹĵģཱུĶܹһƿ͡
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ðð㣬һΪ˷ܵ죬ϵĲˣһɨա
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ϯӦãԹԵĺͳһһһϰߡ
ϰЦţַԸӶһӸϣסôϰô
ϵͷϰߣ⻹öл̫̫Ͻ跿סȻĸŮܡ
һͷѣϯҶлҵĴ˵ֱֵһᡣϰ˵ţ۾΢΢Ƴһ۶̫̫ƺһ˿档
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ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿ죬ͻָȻ£ȷʵҲдսǵ·£ʱһʱǱɸǰϰһٵҲǰ֪͵ˡ


131 ٽ跿

ϰԣɫû䣬۾ȴ־Ƴһ۶̫̫̫̫΢죬εЦЦȴһ仰ҲӲϡ
֪ԼǱ̫̫ȥ˵ϯЦЦĿһ۶̫̫Ȼϰ˵̫̫¶ȥˣҲֶ̫̫ҺͰסһҲܺá
ϯ˵ţͻȻһΪ飬ǿڵҡ̫̫ܲٸһסͽǰԺӡ
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ϰһ㶣ܷңҪ˭סô
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132 λ

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ϯҴ£Ѵݳǣٳŵĳ̫̫СǶжţȻҲ˵
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ſںܶˣڻľֵģʮӣԳ߲δѹĻҲĳ̫̫ˡ
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˼û˵˵ʵί죬ϴ⡣
̫̫ͷ۵һߣС̵ʵҲܵ˼˵˵ϯ̫̫ϯǫ̂
ϯ˹ϵôһˣһдϯߵϯ棬ȥ˼Ҵ󲮴ĸĶ̣൱ڴ˼ҵ⺢ӣô벻أ
Ůһûȵ̫̫ǽһͷۡ
߻죬Ŷһ˼´βŰ˵
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ȴһ벻⡣

¸ҰŵλڿǰţһλڶŶĸλһʮλ
߸ӣϼĸӺϯĸŮպʮˣֻǣ̫̫ϰϯߺɫ˲˼֡
λڵڶţڳ̫̫ǰѹ˼֣յϰ˶ߣ㺭أǵλô죿


133 ָ

ϰͷûأصҪҲûǰһҲûλڣȥ濴ûλɡ
Ǻһһ棬ôУӡϲ⣬ֲŰϯĸŮϵȥֻܰĺݺݵϯһۡ
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һƢĳϰˣ̲סˣ
ӡҲǰ߳һ֮ӡĸϯĸŮŵĸϯĸŮŵķ䣬Ҷն࣬ѹûڡ
ִϯĸŮλ⣬ҪûӡϾҪˡ
ӡϼĸˣͲ˵ʲôȴȫ㵽ϯ˵ͷϣϯĸŮǿۡ
ϯԵ޹ʣֶһˡ
ʱܽӡ㺭ӡλСˡ
Ǹϰ밲Ȼϰλǽλãȴϯͳˣ˵һߣǸԵİö˵ɫʱ˼֡
ŷԼĺö˼Ƶġ
վʲôܽǰȥϰ˿ԼŮԸ
ǣ̡ܽΥϰ˵ߵ㣬̣ܽұĶ
ҵλֻʣһűѾ˵ļˣûٶλ
ӡ㺭ӡҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀųϰˡ
ϰ˵С㣬С㣬λǰհ¾ͰźõģʱλǳҲûǵģҪλҲֻȥ濴ûпյģҪȵȣɸȥ濴
ˣĸԼȥӡ㺭գʱߵͨ죬ӡϽ뿪
Զˣӡ㣬ߣϯĸŮ߾ǣҿɲȥ棬һ帾һ𡣡
㻹Ӳˣӡ㺭ѹϰ˻ﻰ⣬ָǲ鷳𣿡
ĸʲôʱˣʲô鷳Ķи鷳ˣô㰲һһ䷿𣬳ĸΪСָ𣿡
ӡʱˡ
Ҷûָ˴Ͳܵĸƾʲôָǣ


134

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˰º󣬳ô˶зס˶еضסƫƫûǽסĵطǴҵķ䣬ϲû˯棬һУѵǳ˴Ͳܵ
ߣҿ˾ѹûӡҷӡĵ
ꡭС㡣
ӡ㺭æקһ£ʾС
ӡߺߣʲôҾҪ֪ôԴ˵ģ
ӡԽ˵Խӡ㺭ϽסͣȻԸѾ߶ȥλԼϵһȥ£ףͻȻû׼Ҫǰִˣûһǡ
ߣ㻹˵Ҿ˵Ҫǰ˵һ³֪ҪȥҪΪ㣬ô䵽ľ硣
Ҳ֪ˣҪ֪⣬ҲᡭˣЩкãǻȥ𴦰ɡ
𴦣ӡ˫һ㶣㣬㲻ˣ
ˡ
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Զݳǣһֺóϰˣϣϰ˻ϲȻ˵ͬ£һ㣬ϣܿĺãܶ⡣
㣬һҪȥĶӡ׷ӡ㺭ȥ㣬״ǻλأǲˣ
ˣǼǣԻȥӡ㺭˶٣ӡ׷Ųһת¶ȥ¶ߵԸأҺþûȥˣȥ
Ŷ֪ˣ㣬ǲҪȥԸ޸밡ӡȤǺǵЦ
ͻȻЦһ٣ָǰ棬㣬ȵȣ㿴ǲȾôõʲô
ףǣô಼ʲôӡ㺭üͷһΣӡ˵ǲϣճĸ͸ϯĸŮļȾҪȥ
ȥҪɽӡ㺭
ɽѵ˵ȾҪϯĸŮͲϻؼңҪҪɸ˸ȥϯŻĶ
ӡ㺭Ҳд⣬տգʱ˦Ѿǣ£ȴһʹ˶ûС


135 

㣬Ҫһȥȸӡʵ
ҵˣȾ뿪ˡӡ㺭ҡͷ
˵Ҳǡӡź̾˿Ǿʹλˣ
ỹеġȰ½˸ϯĸŮ֪ϯĸŮסĶͳкιϵ
ϯ˿֪Լӡҽøˡ
ڳϰߣԹԵСʱĽ󣬾ͱסĳ߸ˡ
ȥ˵㲻Ҫôȥңˣһң̫࣬Ͳˡ
ҷԸȥˣҲҵˡ
ǡȥɣ⽲Դˣ㣬ҿɲˣȥɡ
ã߻֪С˵Ȼ⻰Ҫŭɡ
ѵһεĴͽᣬģĴʦʮѵһأȴСˡ
ϯΣֻȥ˰¶
ǡɺӡҽѡһ򣬵ԸʱϯﻹһЩ죬ӡС㣬ӡС㣬ɡ
Ҳԩ·խ
ϯС㣬ɡӡ㺭΢Ц΢˵ͷȻߣߣôûڳĸʲôѵҲԸģ
ƲƲ죬ֲɽڣԸҲûմ
Ըӡ㺭
ҪԸӡ
Ůɫֺ
ߺһϯ㣬ҪԸһҪɽŻ顣
ûԸУҲɡ
Ѳŷ棬ǰͰҲһԸϣһƽƽϣտϣһżңɺأȴ
ڴԸʵȫ෴Ľ
ûйչϯҶˣǰûУҲһС
ϯɨһԸߣԸعȥһǧֱǧֱһֺ֣滹һƬ԰ǳԵիʳ˶ǴǱժģȥǱߡ
ϯųߣתͷӡҽãӡС㣬ӡС㣬ҪҪһȥ
ȥ԰أӡһģǿɲȥŪһζˡ
ߣ㲻ȥҺͰȥ죬ܲϲӡϯ


136

˵Ǹһȥӡ㺭һãʹһɫ
ӡ˼æЦǿЦģôζأߵĵҲζѵҾͲ·ˣߣһȥ
ð˶֡ĳߣһ˿֪Լһ仰ѵӡҽá
ϯųߣߣ˿ӡҽøȥ¡
ĸСԸأ߹㿴ǧֱ
߲ǵһ£ȴǵһμǧֱʮ׸ߵʯССĹŲӿ
㣬ʯϣдĶʲô˰죬ֻ˼֣ңëдȥģǿȥġ
ϯʯϣ̵Ķ֣ǰ³ʱӵϰǵ֡
ϯ˵⣬ߣߣһأǲܺʱɽݷֻͣҪӣµĺжὫֺǮĿдֽϣȻǿľϡ
أÿ¾ٰʱݳǼҾͻƵľǮֻǸ;ӵĶΣȻдֽϣڽſڵľϡ
˭£һۿ˭Ǯࡣ
˼ңӣ˭ҪԼдڵһλϡ
һΣҾ;һӣҲֻһڶŵһ֪ҵĳ̷ˡ
ŶԭǸʯŻĹذһҶ˵ĵͷ
˿ʯһ֡
·ݣݳǵһлһƬⰻȻȴû˼ŲԽֱ֣ӿһƬ͵Ĳ԰ء
ӡģ԰ûгӰɣ
ղԽʱӡĶģֻ·ݣϻ᳤һֶҧ˵ĳӡ
Ҳˣ⼾ڣûʲôһ·ûһˡ
ӡ̣³Ӱֻǲ˳ѣֲҧ㡣ƲƲ죬Ŀһӡ˲
ӡڣߣҿ㳤Ҫҡ
Уֲ̣Ҫ𾴣ô󰢽ˡ
һӡӡȥƣӡ㺭ס嶯ǲܵˡ
ߣҪΪ㣬ҲŲءӡָ


137 ˤ

ˣ˵ˣ²˵عˣҲȥӡ㺭ӡ˲˵عԼ档
һߣһͲ˵شдĲˡ
ӡǰϯƲƲ죬Сһ¢ǿ˽鱦Ƶģûӡ
ɲã㿴ϴȹģһҪʮӣϴڳµ꿴û򡣡
ϴģʮһģûϯϴĺá
ӡƲƲ죬һϣֲģ˵ǳĸ͸ļ񡣡
ӡ㺭һ룬ҲǣճĸһȹŮء
ͻȻӡһУͨһˤڲ˵ѹһƬ͵Ҷˡ
ǰϯعͷͼӡҽˤˣͷϣ·ϣϣЬϣմ
ѽӡ̣ӡ̣ôˤˣ
Ҳ˵һѵˡ
ȣԽϯ˹ĵȥˣ˵عôôˤѹôҶˣϧ
ڲӦùûˤ𣿡ӡûĻӿ֣ŭ
ѾͷȻһʵĲˤûˤȻȹĲûѹѵǽӣ缸ҶֵǮ
ˡ
ôҲ϶ûˤҲĹĵߣ㻹ϷֲҺˤģҷʲôƢûñ
ӡͷһ´ȹ´廨Ьϣմͣ۵һֱߺ𣬡ҪҪ棬ǻˤһУǶǡ
ӡС㡣ϯ̲סӻҲûǿǸ棬ԸģԼûߺ·ˤˣǣûɣ
ǹ㣬ӣ涼ǹ԰ӣ˵ľ㣬ǹ㣬㺦ôǱСv˺ġӡҵ˳ڣָϯıӴ
ϯƵڲ˹ϣ΢ЦͷţȷʵǱܶҺģϹȳô߸·ᣬˤˣ˼ֵͷҪ㣬Ҷ߷ߵռˣõĨӣ˼Һأˣ
ʲô˼һ䣬Сûϯ̡


138 ȶ

ϯû
ۡûȷʵûȻôǸôҪ£ʮˣˤ˺ɲûô
Цֱ
ӡ㺭ˡ
ӡǺ죬֣ȥҪϯơ
ƣϯһ棬Ϳϯﲻ˳ֻۣһֱûҵˣôί޲һϯȥ
ǣŭ峯ϯȥûһͨһѹҶϣѹһƬ
ϯͳϣ¶һϧ
С۵ϲԵҶˣÿϧŶ
ſҶϵӡѾͷ
ӡ㺭סС߹ӡߡ
㣬ѵǾôˣӡľôŹϯ
ӡ㺭ȷʵ·СĲŻˤȻѹѵҪ˶֪ڲ˵ˤ
ҪҲŲҪ֪ˣҪ＾넿ǻЦȥ
ӡͷͣҵͷ㣬ô죬ӻȥ϶ᱻ˷ֵġ
ģʱ򣬴ҶڴǱֻҪСĵܿˣ˿ġӡ㺭侲
ӡ㺭ϯϯС㣬ҪȥˣҪҪһȥ
㣬Ҳȥɡǳܾˣٲȥϰ˾͸ˡ
ϯһذɡ
߻һǰ档
ӡ㺭һӡöм䡣
ϯ˼
ʱӡҽߵʮСһһʵ˲Ÿߣϯں棬Ҳ˽Ų

ڿҪ˵عʱͻȻӡһϯȥ
⣬ϯĵķһѣˤ˹л¶һ˿ϯµӡǹġ
ˤһͣǱûˣҲҪϯһǱռˡ
Ůˣ˼̫ˡ
ϯһ䣬˫Ѹ˼ٶȼ죬ʹӡһգžһſűߡ
Ӵˣҵȶˣء㣬
һεǰΣˤҶϣˤĶأˤڲ˵عϣɰӡˤˣԼȣӴӴ޺ͣ


139 

߶˲˵أվڲ˵صϣ죬ӡ̣ôˤѽ˵ذֲϰô·ˤϴΡ
ӡ㺭߹ȥȣҿ
㣬أȶˣۺۡ
ˣȱˣ˶ǳ𣿡ӡ㺭û
ղţӡǰӡôˤģûпΪӡûߺ·ˤġ
ӡӣҿˡ
ϯղôһѣҪһѣҲˤȡ
ôӡСǲҪֵͷϣϯЦԼȲú·ȴҪңǺǣֲҵָӣҪֲ֣ͷϰɣ
Ŷˣ˵ûһѣһأҪȥ㣬ʱͲֹһſڲ˵عˡ
ӡƫֵģһҲģȻҲᱻϯλε˵ӣӡʱĸηζۡ
ӡ죬Ҫȴӡ㺭˻ȥͣ㣬Ҫ밲ȥ͸ұ졣
ӡͣˡ
ӡ㺭ϯЦϯС㣬ֱڿ죬пģĻ㲻Ҫϡ
ֵϯС㣬ܲܺһվ̫һʵڲ
СֽҲҪȥǺϯһҺܺĺʵ
ӡ㺭ȻôǱӣ˿۰Ͱ͵ĵϯС㣬˵عôüſȥ϶ͿһķϣһѰɡ
⡭Ǻðɣֻ˵أ֮·ҪԸ⣬ǿȥǺҪǲԸ⣬ǾԼ취ȥɲһ·Ȼһ
˵ˣӡҪˤɲһԵ±Թĺˡ
ϯ߹ȥӡ㺭һӡ˲˵ء
ӡǽˣûʲô£ϯҲͷĵĺͳһӡҽڲ˵رϡ
סӡ㺭Уҵӡ㺭Ѿǣӡ㺭ĿţǴȥ˵رϽˡ
Ȼͳȥ·ϣС֪ķֵ㣬ǽǲǵӡӡ̰
ǲڲ˵رϣҲˡϯﵭĵ


140 

ΪʲôСĹĵˤֲǺģԼ·СˤģҲܺǣ
ΪˤˣûˤǵǱȻɺǡ
ЩˣһˣûҲɣοһ棬ӡҽþһֱֳе⡣
Ͻ֮£ӡҽöǺϼӺޡ
ȻãǺĪ޹һʼӡҽһֱĶһֱûԲӡҽõ顣
ǱԷԵ޹ʵĺˡ
ߣϾͺϣҲǣҲҰôСһĺߺߵӡˣ̫ҳˡ
ˣ£ˣסҪ߳óǵǡ쵽ſڣϯæס⣬̳ų¡
ҲǸСŵͷףӡӡ̵£ȥˣ̫̫֪һǣ㣬ģһᱣܣ˵
ҹ·ˤһ£ȥˣԣһﴫȥӡλС˵̫̫Źǣӡ˶ǡ
ȻǴӱﴫȥǾͲǵ¡
ϼŮȥ˿ʱˣһʵȥĶˣȥôã
ûµϹתһϯЦóһˮңʲʣһطһˣˮȡ
ȸϰ˺ȡ
УҴȵġ
ͳߴ˺üˮҵ˶зݡ
ֻ̫࣬׼ӣû׼ӣѾǾݲˮҲûضţֻһʡ
ˮϸĺһЩȻϯûȥ棬Ƕ
ûУӦҵˣȥ
ȥˣţһϯҪͱϰסҵţ϶ȥԺͱȥ˼˵ûӡ
ðɣ
ֻСʱͽˣҷ׷һիȥիһԺȥΪ̫࣬Ҳ̫ӣ̫ӵϰ˾ûֱ˴룬˲Ŷ
ϰ֪Ҫ˼棬ûĸŮԷ˿Ժ󣬾ͺϯĸŮֿˡ


141

ϯϻصͼＷһӵˣ۾һ˷ܵĳȥһλϸ˵֣ôһľ۲ۣ
۲ۣɹũءϸЦ
ǴصصһϸˣֲʶһҲɮʦЩĪľģôֻǸѧͱһһ磬ˣȸũҪۡ
Ůû˵Լۡ
磬Һ㼸ɩӾͻȥˣһ͹ˡ
㶣кöأôһ磿뵽ͷ£ּ˵ϰ˻ŲͷסôܻȥͽᣬʮһΣôҲöС
ˣһ磬Ҳ֪ǵĳģ͹ˡϲۣҼһæµʱżĻ˼
˵ò㰢ͼ綼æŲ㼸ɩȥ磬ܲǼүæһ죬ؼһİɡ
ǡɩӻؼҪɽӻؼ췹˸ǳԡϼϡ
ȴʹⲻ£Ů˼˼㰢þûˣһ漸ա
⡭Ǻðɡʵڲ£ҲЪټȰ˼
οʱ䣬ˣӰ쵾ȵճɣһʮˣͿʮĶճɹӡ
ճӰ죬Ŀʱһ˳Ժʲô
˼ˣţκιɻ󣬷ֵӣһҪͷһЩҡ
ʮ꣬Ϊϯţʮ꣬Ҳͽ꣬һЩĹ߲ˣѼȥҵ˴֮ǰʮ꣬ɶ˺óԵģܲüͼǳԡ
ʱ򣬼ûּңǶ˸ŴһӣͳԲϺöкöǴ˳Եģֻۿţ۲ţҲԲһ顣
ʱҪʱʱһȣΪӣǰô
ڣۿϯҶӾҪùˣҲҶʱˡ


142 ˼˼

իʳϾŮ˼˼ϱɽˡ
Ъ˻ͺͳһȥᣬϯ˼˼˵强
˼˼ϯһ꣬ʮ꣬ϴɵŮҲҵΨһŮұܳ谮ڼùһû¹أ͸Щʱȥ巻Щ׬Ǯ
Ǵãɻȴûһ˵ϢľţҲʮֺãһ
ϯ˼˼Ĺϵ޼䣬ﴦı׽ûҪã˭£һš
㣬Ұ˵ڸ㶨żңôûжϯ˼˼һߣѹʡ
ûС˼˼ߺһƬ˼ˣ£ɣ˵ǰɨѴô£
ΣҴһʹϯһ١
˼˼ɵۣʲô㻹øϯ壿
ľϯߺ˵ĲӣĳӣϻǩҰ֣ҪǰõϢȥĳǩ˽ݣֻҶᱻۡ
£˼˼һ˫۾ɵĸͭƵģôȻôǣ͵úݺݴһ٣ԺҲҴ⡣
㣬ˣ㻹ûңĻ¶ûϯѻת۾ЦеĶ˼˼
˼˼˼ıкߣûǰ̺Ͱȥ̼ң̼ҸھӼҵһӣĻУ̺ͰҲ˵˲ҺʵܸɣҪǼֵܶ࣬Ͷ࣬ҼҲãĥϱ
ô˵¶ˣϯ˵
˼˼˺죬ҡͷûòʱڣ˵Ȳзýס
ѽǾ̫ˣҲò˶գǴӰ»ȥҲòˣ㣬˵ˣ㶨ˣʱɵô͵͵ȥϱȥ
ӵˣ٣Ů˫ֻҪˣͿ㵥Ҳû˻˵л
˼˼˼
˼˼ͻȻһ£ϯǼôͳʶңǲǳϳң
ǳϳңʶ˳үͷҲǳүסġ


143 ܽ

ϯû˳飬Ȼ˼˼Ϊΰҹžˣôͣ
ǲˡ
˼˼ЦˣԺгΪǳ󲮴Ҳ۸ˡ
ϯûгҳҲϯͬ۸Ҷˡ
С˵˻߾ˡ
߽Ц㣬氢ȥ˴û㣬㰢˵ݺͱ˵Ҿˡ
Ȼ˼˼˼˼ɣ
ϯΪ˼˼ܳߵλǳСߣʮ꣬Ͱͬ䣬㺰߾С
С㡣˼˼һκʹ˼ҵС˵Щţ˵˳
ߺĴŶһǰı㣬Ҿͽ˼˼ɣ˼˼㣬Ұ߾УüС֡
ãߡ
Ǻǣ˼˼㣬㳤ƯȺö˼ҵС㶼ҪƯҴ󰢽ͶĨö֬û㳤ĺÿСܳʵ棬ʲô˵ʲô
˼˼Ĳ˼ˣһãȲϳСͳСò˵ҴСò˫Ż磬ⲻ֮ͨˡ
ߣǶϹģҴ󰢽ŲƯأϳ˺ܶȸߣҪǱ֬ϣûżˣϸɸɾһ֬ҲûĨȴƯĸһɻһÿ
С죬İѳҴСܸعˡ
ϯˣЦЩɲ˵֪ܽˣҪ˲ɡ
ߺǺǵҲŲɵأҪбˣҲ˵ģҲţǲᴫȥģǰϯ㣬˼˼㣿
۰Ͱ͵Ŀˡ
ϯЦˣţģǲᴫȥ
ܽٳĺƯΨһ覴þϳ˲ȸߣ£̺Ѿ֪⣬˶֪Ϊȸ߳󣬳ֻܽҪһͻϸһ֬
ԣѾ⣬˭ҲûмûĨ֬
ϯ棬ߣ³ܽӦûĺܽô֪ģ
Ȼ֪İߵ˵
ô֪ģ˼˼Ҳ档
ӣ꣬ҰҪȥżңҲϲȥͶ˴󰢽Ĵ£˭֪ҾȻ˯ˣʱѾǰҹˡ


144 

ҴӴ󰢽㴲󣬺ƿ˴󰢽Ϳ˴󰢽кöڵ㣬һȥһ£´󰢽ָϽˡ
Բִڴ󰢽ϣҿУῴġ
ԭô°ϯЦܿ죬뵽һ˵顣
ǰ޽ҵ꣬Ҳǳܽʮһ꣬ҪܽżʱܽǸԵĴ飬ͻȻݳǡ
Ϊˣü붨ܽΪϱ˼ңһû˶
˭ҲȢһ˹ֻĸ׵òŴһ˭ҲϣԼŮӣһԵӡ
ܽһҹ֮䣬Żˡ
ܽûںݳǶżңүͰԼһƷٶĵճӣԷǾǱؼһ뺼ݳԶ֪ҥ
Ҳȥ˾ǣȴһζûֱܽ߱żĥĿҪˣүͳܽҲûܳȥΪֹ
㣬ʲô۾ֱĶңͣգٿ֣ʲôҲûС
ϯӻлͬĿٴܽϳȸߵ飬ǧҪȥסʲô֮£Ҫ˵
Ȼֻͬǰһܽһӡ
˿̣ϯѾȷ϶СѾͷûû˵©죬ѳܱܽȥˣ˳ܽĳֻܽԶ޾ǣ޸һСٶҵү
ܽΪߣү׼ƣóֺϷǨѳ߼޸˾ӵܡ
檣ĸĥϯ²⣬У˵гֽܽڡ
Ȼô˵ҲǳҵĵŮżҾڿϣҲᵱɴʹѾĥ
գ檽ţӣ磬ͲǾǴ˼ĳ顣
ǣй⶯ʲôֽţ
ϯ˼ˣԳ߸ˡ
Ѿͷһ۶ûУǰΪһ仰ͰԼһӸˡ
һɵúúÿ˵Ȼ˳ܽͬʱҲԼ
߱ϯıŵˣ죬㣬ֲǳţҲ˵󰢽лء


145 

ϯ̾˿̧ƮɢڱϵĳǳܽܣҪҪǴȥ˳ܽһӣҲϣһӻɣ
ҡҲ˵Ժ󶼲˵˾ǣ㣬ұ֤Сﱻϯвˣæַġ
ϯŷģˣסǣߣȥɡ
Ҫȥ߿Ըȥ
ϯһƣְܲɣġ
ӡ̺ӡ̣д󰢽㣬Ƕûȥҿȥȥˡϰߵ죬Сϳ
˼˼Ҳ߲ȥǾͱȥˣ˵Ǳ˺ܶС̯ʲôҪҲȥ
һӣµ˶ر̯̯࣬Ӱſһֱڵ˰ɽһЩϲĶ
߾ĥϯȥι䡣
˼˼ϲС᲻ѹȰϯС⣬߶ʱ˼˼˺üøжȣЦеĵ˼˼Һá
ȥקϯӣ㣬ȥȥǰ̻ʣҾ˵Ҳȥġ
ϯﱻ˲ΣֻôӦȥȥȥ˰ɣǴѾӣſڣҲܡ
æͷ֤
ѾһӸţݣһĸˣϯˣһˣֱŶȥ
ǽʱſȴʮ֣ι˺ܶ࣬󲿷ֶǸҸСѾǣңϯһˣյſڲãˡ
㰡Ӵʶ˳ҵˣŶˣȹùأǳ˸İɣ
ϯᰶϯϵȹһʼɣ䳰ȷƯն
ϯƵĵͷţǳ͵ģǳϰҵļһʮأǽе¿ʽÿһʮֹأʮһôĽǼʣϧҾֻ͸ҴͲ͸㴩ĽʺҲûá
㡭ʲôǼȹҲ𡣡ϯᰱֱţҪȥ˺ϯȹôˣҪΪŮ󣬲ҳ嶯
ȴ֪һֱСάֵŮ󣬾ڸղţļʺƻˡ


146 в

㵱ȻǴ󷿴Ҽ͵˼ֵ߰ǧӵ̴ľôټȹϯƮƮ׳һϯѪĻ
ϯɨѴϺϯҴ󷿺ϯҶϵ¾ʹ˳ȥϯҴ͵ϯҶ̴ľ飬˻֪׷ͣ½Ų䣬Ҫ
ϯ᰼æҼңҼҿûи¡
Ȼݺݵϯв˵
ϯЦЦˣȥˣοҰҲ˵ˣԺ󶼲Ҫʹ󷿼ƽ£ҲͲ˵ˣҪң˵ͻİѲסţʲô˵ˡ
ס˴󷿵İѱϯᰱô
ϯᰲҪװŮôǾͼװֻҪͲ˺´󷿵˵Ŀ
ǣ󷿵ǲܽѵټƶǾͶԲһô󷿵ĺҡ
ߣ˭㡣ϯᰲϯŤתӣߵĳ̰ܿܿ㣬ߣǲҪ
Լϯ鷳ϯסߣ˵ϯ̧̼ҵС㡣
̰ܿǳ֪ŮҲǰŪϯ蹵ֵŮ
֪һϱѣһȺ檽ޣжŮȴϲŪСк
Ūĺӣģϣԣ˱ˣҲûƾŴȥ
Ϊ֣ū˵㣬¾ֵǵȥҲû
˭ūŵ˵㣬͵ӵģӿʱȡӵȨ
ȨҲܲš
ҲϯôãΪλûжԳֵ֪ԭ
Ϊѳ֪ܴ˳ȥҲó֪һЩ𣬸ⲻ֪
ο֪ھǣһɽڡ
ҪԸ͸ˡ
ϯǼ̰ܿģܸǰǸԪڣȥϿƣϯ᰺ͳ̰ܿһȺˣϯᰵܹ̰ܿݡ
ϯ̧̰ܿϯÿ·ЦЦó̰ܿһȺ˹ȥ
ϯҧгݡ
ԭ룬ֻҪϯ¶һԳ̰ܿĲͻʹ̰ܿݺݽѵϯһ١
ϯСv̫ƻȻʲô˵ÿˡ
ˡ


147 ù

вҰ㣬ȥҰ϶¸̣߰͵ű̴ɡ
һȺϯãϯݺݵ
ϯһ⣬֮¿ɲң㰢ǵңҲвңҲССһ¶ѡ
ϯҧߺߵΪϳңͿԲǴ󷿿Ҹ㣬Ҳ̼ңҼҸ̼ϾҪΪݣҰܿҪͳ̼Ҷүˡ
ϯõԴ̧̧ñǿ׺ϯһ
ϯ鲻䣬Ŷһҹϲý㣬ȴýͳ̶үףһһݷױ
ûǴĻϯǰ޵˲ǳ̶үǾǣߣ޵ٰأ˵޵˻ٰصةҲٰүֵµĹٶٰݰƷ
̶үȢӣϯϡ
ϯҵŮϯᰵļá
ǺǣӣϯҴ󷿵ķ˲һ̶үʹϯŮң󾹻һ檴ŮӮˡ
Уϣ϶˲ɣ
ϯ˼ˣͿڵϯãЦЦ˵̶үٷ磬ǷĽĹܴӺݳǶŶӵȥýҪǻʹС
Ȼͻǰһϯϸˡ
ϯñǿ׺̼ѾӦϯҴ󷿽ףܲˣ̶үһҽĽʺްɡ
ϯ֮ǰĻϯ
ϯҲǾͺãԺ󣬳̶үҲý򡣡
Ѿͷ˵ʲôأ˵˵ͻȻϯһߺת
Ȼϯϯõ̸ȥ
ϯһЦ㣬㺦ѽǺðɣҲ˵ˡȻܵϯߣҲûڿϯһۣͺͳ̰ܿһ·ιȥǰ档
Ϊϯ᰼ˣϯﵹùû뵽ûãӡ㺭öˡ
ӡ㺭ӡӭ󻹸Ѿӣӡһϲɫ·رۣԶϯͿǡ
Ҳǣקקϯ㣬ǱȥҲӡӡ˵ÿοңǿʲôĶƵģߣһߡ
קϯҪȥһ߹ȥ˭֪ӡۼ⣬Ҳǡ


148 

ӡںסǣӴⲻϯСͰôôûôڹǣ
˭ˣֲǴ㣬˭˭ᡣˢһתӡ
ӡʱڣĿ֮£ֲܸһøһͳ߶
ǳҪǺͳǰָһ
ӡ̲סѵһ䣬ߣҲǳҵǧС㣬ôܳ໰㰢û̵㣬ŮӲ˵໰ô
һί޹̵ѽ꣬Ұͽ̵ңҪ˵໰ӡ˵ˣӡѧģǶǧС㣬ҹ㣬ƾʲô˵Ҳ˵
ðɣӡһСĳ߸ƽȥˡ
Ŀ֮£һ
ӡźڣղͲúסߡ
ֻǣקϯǣͺסǣҪһˤ֮
û뵽ϯﻹû棬ͱ߽˶̣ΧͶĵӡҪغӶ
߲ڸ㿪Цѡӡ㺭鷳ˣæڣýΧ˵ִ֪磬˵໰ӡҵС㣬ܺãǴĿõġ
ΧΧ۵ĿϷˣʱߣ۷׷׵С˵ǷǣЦҿô
ǰЦλӡСҪˣ˭ԸȢһϲ໰ƪŮӻؼӰ
ӡС㣬ǲǳҶ̫̫˰
ǰ̫̫Ҳӡ
ѽ⼸СﲻôôСһ뿴ӡСӣղһСǱء
ѹ֣СһһܵļƣӣӡС㲻ء
꣬С㣬˳С£ǻǱ˵ˡ
С£˭Ҷ۰Ҽλү֪ɲˡ
ΧɢȥϷȺҲɢˣһһӡݺݵĵųߣߣ㲻ϲǣǣ
һһ䣬ҧʣȻȳ߻شӡǶû㣬㾹Ȼǣߣô˵Ҳ㳤㡭Ҫ˵óߵĻ뵽ճߵķӡֻһת㲻ǣҲǣأ


149 

Ŷѽ죬ССصǰҶòÿμ㣬񣬿ȴÿζûۿңҲҵŮŴκƭңҾͲ㾴ˡ
㡭Сvˡ
졣
ӡҪߣӡ㺭æںǳ
ӡ㺭Ƴһ۳ߣһϯȻӡ߿һʶСûִ磬˵ˣǳӦö
һ˵һߣȳչĹĵģҪȥһʱ˼ҶȥԶˡ
ֱţ˭СˣҶʮˣСˣߣ˭Ҫˣʲôʱùˣ١
ϯ˵㲻Сӣɡ
һ򣬲ˣҲ˵ҿûִ磬Ҫûִ磬ҾͰǵ˵ȥǻû䡣
ϯû˵ȥȻӡǵøƴɡ
ߣѽ
ǲ£ӡλСΪ˰ӡҵŭ϶׳ȥΪ˱㣬ʲôò
ɾӡҲŹѾͷ
ӡ˴ӲԿӡ˵ֶΣҲǺ飬ϲ氵ģڵģһСģͻмơ
ԣϯﷴ̳ԺҪЩӡˣгܽͳá
ܽҲŴӡ˵˽ĺ
ûˣ˲ٺÿСоӣƯĻӵȵȡ
·ԺſʱϯԼãվԺſڣһ˵ʲô
ϯŲһ٣ұŵô£Ƕ˵ˣҪţžסǽȥ˻Ӱÿٲÿŷ㡣
޶ԣֻĿ飬̫̫ȷʵס̫̫ڴſᣬλҪҳ̫̫Ǿ͵ȥſѰ
ҪȥÿҪǡƿӡ
һСС㣬ĶƵĿ˴ֻӣԺſڣ˿
ƿڴʱӨӨͻȻϯＸˣӨӨһãô


150 

סȻϯЦ㣬ӨӨ㣬ϲãҰ̵İɣڴſᣬýͶýӦڣҴýý㣬ӻǽȥġ
ѽǹ뵽ҪţҲԼᰱ㰡˷ܵĹЦȻ˵Ҫϯᰡ
Ӷ˶Ƥӣţȥ֪ͨϯС㡣
鲻ͷȣ뵽ϾܽԺˣû֡
ӨӨ˼˼ЦŴչȥ˼˼þûˣֳˣҶϲ
ӨӨƺϲ˼˼ÿμ˼˼ϲǰգǰϯûּʱϯҰ£ӨӨ˼˼ȥͣÿӨӨ˼˼ȥкóԵģ˼˼һݡ
һʼ˼˼ҲΪӨӨİѣԣҲԸӨӨ棬ֻǣһΣӨӨȥϯǰԺ棬磬ӨӨ۾粻ţǰĽ֮ɫ˼˼ͷӦԼˡ
ӨӨѹͲĴǹӽ͸ӽ硣
ӨӨ硣
ӨӨǸùϲ磬Ըȫù˵ҾӨӨһŮʹӨӨڼ׸ԣӨӨϲ磬ҲԸӨӨڽӽ磬ΪҾԲ׸ҡ
˼˼ĿӨӨǼȻҳ̫̫ģȣǾˡ
ַǷ֮ŮˣһҲԷɫҲٺͶԷαȥˣǱԶһá
˼˼ϯ˸ǣҪ뿪
ͻȻ˵ǰӴҴĸôĹҴĸ㶼Ҵ򣿡
ôΪĸϯ㣬ЦЦ
ü֣ϯôǰһˣ
ǰϯһŵøһֻһӶȥ۸
ɽգôôһΣա
ԣǰϯȻΣյĸо
ĵУϯԶŵҴĸҴȻҴĸֹòһСϱģֻǺ棬ôеӴҴĸ


151 

۸ˣȻ뷴ӼˣҪҧأοˡϯЦ鲻鷳ҲֵС
˵ˣû£ҵûȥˣһ磬ǼˣȥЪ
ϯôã˼˼߻ס
ԸȾȥݲˮַԸƼϴˮԣ˾Χԣ˵ӨӨϲ˵
˼˼ʣûжͷ
ϯҡͷӦûУеĻϺҲס̷˶ԺӣҲ£Ұ̣϶Ұ̸ǽ跿ס
ôţǲýɣ˼˼üǵĿϯ㰢̽費᲻Ҫѷøס㰢̶Ůһ谮мӣҪʲôʲôŮһλҲûС
ϯЦ⵹ǲõģסԺӣҲ˭סܽסģҴӦҲһܴӦ
˼˼ŷˡ
ϯ²϶Ҽùõ֪ҰŪסɸŮͷҰ̸鼸˽赽˷䣬Ҽùÿ϶ҲĹҪס
һһͷˮ㣬㰢㼸ùõ㼸ùҪסֱԼ㰢̲ˣҪŮȳʲô
ϯ͵ΪԺǳ̷˶ģֲҰ̶ģùÿɲððʧʧ̷ֱסĵطüСҲ˵С嶯ʧԳ̷˵ݣҲ˼ȥƽʲô
һᣬңֱҰȻð̷ˣٸ̷˽跿ס
ƲƲ죬Ƽϴһݮһģӽ
ϯҲһԣһ߳ԣһ˵ùöԼˣʹһݵķˣǾͲ
ֵҼãƢãԼݲߣϲۿ˵ͣϲˣղҲˣǿǳ̷˵ˣҲҲܲ˵ƿڴ
׻˵򹷻ÿˣһڼҰˣҲһֱ裬ܲ˵ӡ
رݵ͵ˣһǾǲģˡ
ƲƲ죬ԺƵߣҿɲ뱻򡣡


152

ģҴ㣬ֻҪ¶Сݣͽ㻹ء
eɱͽңҺ¡һŵСĸεӣĿڡ
ϯˣԺͱŵɣǰ裬˹ҲһرƤļֱ񹲷ߣ֮Ժ֪ôһˡ
ߣҿɲ֪ôһˣҺֲϤһ߳Բݮһ߲мĵ
ݮȾʱġ
ǳϯԵġ
ϯί֪ԲݮŪһʵĲݮȾˡ
ݮժģرʣֻ·ݻǲݮļڣԳɽׯ͸Ĳݮֻ࣬ժС𣬳ϰ˷ֵһСϯһС𣬳ԼûһҼ̫̫СǶûС
ҲϯĸܳԵ
գգ۾ĽĿϯ㣬ãҰ̣Ҳвݮԣ㶼֪ʱȾͲݮҰȥʱҶÿҲҪһ𣬺ƤȾҪȾ˵ûˣúҶ֪Ⱦһ㣬ȴûҶˣϲĲˤˡ
ô֪ϯܺ档
һЦ˵Ҹ㣬һЩ£ûҲ֪ġ
ǲϯԭ
ϯҲûʡ
˼ҵԺ˼ʹϵӣʹһˣҲٲ˹Ķǣթ
ǳߣ֪ʲôͨ˶̫̫ߵ˰ɣȻ̫̫ʲô£ô֪һ
ϻˣ߻Ըӡ
ϻʱɫÿüۼ仹ŭϯ״˭ˣ
˭˴󷿵ˣ˭Ե޹㰢ܡϯʣͰϵ˵ˡ
㰢Ҳ֪˭˵֪˳ϰ˸ŲסźĸؼûסӾţͱҰӸùס
һߣǳҶԺӣҲ˵˭סܸ˭סģҿûôѳҶĿͷԼ˵㡣
֮ǰΪҰŻƤԸϰͷڿͷòϣҲܵôߵ㰲˽ס


153 

Ը⣬ҲԸ⡣
ҵԺӣɲ˭סġ
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ӣܣҲûôܡ
һֱӾͲϲӳˣֻͣҪӻңӼ˿񣬾ǿһǱĵġ
ӣҲһֱʹûɶɩͣææ£æ̺򼸸ӵĲԺȣԷʱŮϯӺʹɩֶŮǶΨվţʢ׼ӿꡣ
ʹˣҲʹֻʹһ֪⼸Ӻ޽ϯҺ󣬾ûۿһۡ
ּҺгϳûռıˡ
ȱʲôʲôȥãӲӣȻõûдõĶ࣬ոһգ긴һ꣬ҲһСĿ
ȥ꣬ҵĶϯ÷ĹȥȥҵĹײ̧ڹײĺͼֽǮƷֵİӣɥ°ȴһҲûӡ
ϯͬȥǮϯ÷ȴ˵ʲôûӣϳ棬ĿôĨˡ
ˣȴҳײİɥ£ⶼʲô£
ǵϯͬ۸
һ뵽Щ£ԼĳӲ˼֣㲻ǣȳͺһȥǰԺס
գϯﲻ͵׼Ͱһȥ
ľ˼˼緹󣬾ȥǰԺϣҲպó극Ҫȥϰ밲
Ǻһȥã˼˼Ҳȥϰܲס˼ӣ涼ɣ̫ʧˡ
ϯＸ˵˳ϰʱܽúӡҽҲϰ밲
ӡһϯɫʮѿߵǸ꣬ûġ
ףӡС㣬˵˭ǣ˭Ǽϯɴ۾˼Ŀ
ǾˣȻ̫̫Ǽ
ӡӦնʱǵͨ죬׵ĳϰˣͰͽ͵ĸû˵Ǽҡֻǵ㻶ģĿġ


154

аҵȻĿģ̫̫ӸסҸл˼ң˼ҿģлѵô
ϯЦЦĿ
УȻСӡݺݵһۣϯ̫ƻﶪģôᱻױܿ
ϰƳӡȻЦǺǵĳϯ֣Ȼһģǽһ署ȥ档
ã̫̫ġϯ΢Цţ̫̫ߣ˼˼ܸϰʶ
ϰһϸ˼˼һߵͷǸľĺùӣùðɣ
ǣҰ̰ﶼ˵˹ùõӡ
ֻһŮӶľģ˵òŴƯر˼˼ʱҪƯ֡
ƯĲ˼˼ϣɣ˼˼磬ҲǱӨӨĽˡ
ţӺãѽϲľӣҼҴŮŮǺƢԵˣƤϷߣѣûɲ¶ͷˡ
Ůϰ˾һͷ۵ӡ
˶֪ϰ谮ҲŮԴŮͶŮŮ谮
̣һ˵һߣҾ֪ϲ󰢽㣬ϲҡ
ߴ߽Сӣһˡ
ϰ˶ʱˣ龫˵ǲǹ͵˵û
ûУҶôˣͲˡ͵ˣҲ˵ඪˡ
߲óϰкԼܵϰţϯԱߣǵĽԴսϯСʣ㣬磬ȥĶȥ
ϯ΢ЦҸմӦ̫̫ȥ
ģȿȡûģðɣȥȥҲȥ˵һ룬͸ܵϰ˲õĵĸϽתϰ˺ٺЦЦ̣ҺͰһ㣬
ϰ˹ߵҲ֪ӣĶһסˣֻҪ㰢һУȥĶȥϯ̫̫ͼϱžС
߸˵Ļһ̣á
ϰ˱Ķ俪Цѵһ䣬Ҫһֱ㣬ҾͲǲ


155 ŭ

ǣܰʲôá
ʱϰˡ
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ϰ˲ϣȥ͹ȥȥǾ͵꽲ȥ⽲Ƭ̾Ϳʼˡ
Ǿ꽲ٹȥûñѵһ٣Ӱ顣
ȥΪûøס£ȥˣҲǱѵһ٣ȻٱøסӣѾ˳ϰˡ
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˶۶࣬£ϰվ˵ˣǳסĻӸϰʱϰ˾ͻ£ɳϰûᣬջȥˣǾǲס
͸ܰԺ졣
Щͷۣ֪ôȥӦϣԷӵ쿪ʼˣҾͲȥˣ߰飬Ұ첻
ϵЦʱˣϣ̫̫ūȰ㻹ȥ̫̫̫̫Ĳᡣ
λһȥ̫̫ݺݸһ״϶һ͵Ϲȥ÷йй
Ҫǳϰ⣬̫̫ӣּɵңԹѵһ١
ϯӾȻвϣʱ˭˰̣˭˰̣ð˭ȥҰ⼸רûǰҰȥʲôˣӣῪʼˣͱϰЩȥ
ҧŭԣֻ㬵ˡ
ϰϯ֣ЦһǰͰǲʶūŸˡ
ֶϵ˵ϯ̫̫һֱϲϱȴʮТЩ˰ֵТϣ˽ˣˣĶֵТ
Ҳĸ˵ϯүҲһֱǸĸϯ̫ү߽ţҲǳģǲТҲ˵ʲôл


156 

ѽ̫ʵ̫۸ŻݵĶԷһֱѹǡ
˵ߵһǺ죬ڵĵʱӺܺãܻǶˣҡҲŹһݶ飬ȻҲһֱѹûз
ߣͿϰ˰̵ǳϣǿһ㣬ŻŮһֱѹǡ
㹫ϯү׵׵׶ӣ쾭֮£Ϊ˸ĸģʲô飬ж飬Ҳ㵽ͷȥ
Ǹõģݵ̫̫ݵϯͬӣϯͬӶһЩТģҲӦõġ
ȻϾǸĵģһֱԼŮ۸һˣǰãһˣҪϯͻȻ𷴿ֻʱϯҶͱˡ
ͶĳЩծ񣬻ϯ蹵£ܰѶһ˱
ϯҶ£ϰ֪ôȥСӰĻȥһ
ϯҶ£ϰ֪һϯҺϯҴ󷿵ݵҲ֪װס
ҲΪγϰԸӸסȴԸϯסԭ򣬾Ϊϯ̣ʡ͵ĵƣһһơ
ϰ˲ϲǡ
ϱϰ˽̵һľһˣŷһֱѹͷϵһʯ鱻ˣ˺ͨ͸ˡ
ǰֲĸܹТô꣬ѾǾΪϱһģ˵Щ׶׶ϱûӶԳТ˳
ڣϻŵļƣҪѹɲȥ
󷿺Ͷ˺ڳǰͷֻպֻǰӣһֱϵļŮѹţҲֱ
ϰˣлл㣬ԺҸôˡϸмĸϰ˵л
ϰЦţֻҪ˵Ӷ¾ͺã˵ЩҲǲТ˳ϣֻǣТģТТʱ͵Լ⣬һζТ
ϰ˵Щ󣬾Ͳ˵ˣΪῪʼˡ
һ磬ϯûϯϺͳϰˣһ署ֱ磬һȺ˲Ҫס
̫̫̫̫롣
ϸҪϰһȥͱסˣӱ湧ԴУȴپܾ


157 ֮

ϯһȥ̣ҵҪλȥҪʲô
üС㣬ֻ̫̫ö̫̫ȥδȥ
ȥ밲Ҫãϯǳ⡣
ӾͲ˵ʲô
ϯ֪ģһʹ죬˵ھͻӣɲ뵱ڱ
ϯϣŷӣȥ˳Ƕ
ѾסϯĸŮֱȥס
ӲȴһӵˣгϣĸŮˣĸŮˣӨӨˣϯ÷ϯϯãټ̺ˮѾߺͺ裬ʮˡ
ټϯϣݣȾͷӣһʮˣӣӵ½ŵĵضûˡ
Ϻϯ̣Ѱں˼ƣϯĸŮ󣬳Ͼŭһӣŭϣ֪
̣Ұ⼸գר֮УϷϯЦʡ
ϵǳֻ㰢ʲôȥ
˵ţõĵһ۷ӡ
ūţԽϰԽ˷ģһС¶첻ãСvˡ
жʱϯԹޣϯС㣬㻹ȳȥɣ̫̫ˡ
̱ϯ˿ûȥֻ밲ģȻ̲ϡҵ밲Ǿˣһ֪Ұ֮Уðô
ûû㰢̵ĻùðŵҵԺסȥ㰢̲Ͻӿڵ
ϯʱһɣ̣ǿǳҶԺӣҰﶨģҺͰﶼǽ˵סôܵôߵİٰŽȥأ
ôܣŭܰ˽ȥôͲܰùúҲŽȥ
ɲһϯ˵ź;ĸǳϰ˿˿ڣðŽȥģùáǺǣ˼ҲסȥѽסջȥˣҰôùúǣ
˵ˡϯ˫۴ӣȻסôԺǸùú㼸˰żӣҲװ쵽ɡ
ⶼ˼Һòײżӣôȥ˼ҿڽ裿ĲС


158 粽

֪ϯѾͷòöԸˣûѵ⼸䣬Ҳһ죬ϯ˵һ䣬һ䣬ˡ
ϯŶһ̣Ҳ֪Ӳý谡㻹Ұȥ裬ôΪҰ֪𣿡
㡭ϱϯƿԡ
ϺӣһԼļŮȥ۸һˣһֲ֪Ҳ˵Ƕţѵϱ£Ȼ֪
ϯ÷ﱻϯƵƿԣͷ߷ߵĵϯǳⶼǴ˵£ٲ죬㰢ġ
ãҲʵ˵˼ʵѣ˵ˣ¶ǰģ̲ҰҪӸס˵˵ȥùҲΣԼҲΡ
ϯ粽õĻ죬Ѽùöˡ
ùúöһ˹һ񣬵ϯϯı仯
ǰϯʵ˵ʲôʲôϯһһ죬ɽգ͸˷ҩһ˭ҧ˭
÷ޣô˵ģҾ˵˳ӲˣǴ󷿵˿ǿɣǵ棬氢ҪءԾһϷϣڿڵ
ϻ˵һӣûǴ󷿶ƵĲͶ·ҪҶĸһѣǴ󷿿¾Ҫˡ
Ǵ󷿲Ҫ꣬ΪøĲôôҲֵܹҼͷϯ˵ţɨһۣ˶ڴ֮ԻϯţΪø˺öӣ󲮻𣬾ͳ̫̫ģ̫̫ҪȢΪ檣˶֪£㲻ңⲻİɣ
߳ŭ
ᵽϵİǧӣᵽϯĲᵽ䣬ϵһӵŭŭһСvˣ˵˵ʲô
̧־ˡ
ϯƮƮһסϵ亮ЦôԼҵùҼң
ϯɵ˦ϵ֣Ҹ㣬һжøĴҼҵ£ҪøȥģôӣôС͵Ƶȥ̫̫ӣ̫̫ᣬ޸Ҵ󲮣¹̵ףøĴҪޣȥø磬ҼһǮϵҲûС


159 ϴ

øǮҴҲлȢС檣ҲлһУøĴҪޣ͸úø磬׶ӡ
ϯٸϴһҪϯͷҲŷħ㣬ĵȻԹϯ塣
ǰҪǰ˶ĲӣǴ󷿻ǰһһ˸߸˿ĵĹӡ
ǶĸҲл͵ϯҲлṳϯͬ֡ԣԣӣģôܺˣָΪء
ϱ飬ͻȻݺݵϯСvˣ㾹Ȼĸӹϵҳ㡣
Ժﻹסų̼أȷҪң
ϯһסϵϷ֮ǰ̧̼ңɵסϡ
治ˣ֣ҧгݵһΣٿ㣬ҷҪͷ
»ᾪ̼ˣӰϯᰵ£ֻñһӵߺߵԶϯһƲסԼٶִϯ
ڵϯɲǰϯҲҿ
Ҷ֣ϯСvһִ
˼ˣ͸Ӳϯϯ÷û׷ŹϯĸŮʱҲǣʱϯ鷳
̼Һϯҵ£̷ûܾҲϯ÷ޣǿɲΪһС£ƻ˰ᰵĻ£ȻϯҿɾͲңǳҡ
ƻŮһӵҸɲô
ǿƵȰ˵£ϯ÷úͳϲٱϰøס»ἤŭϯʱ̼ˣϯ᰺ͳ̶ү£ڶ
˶˽ġ
ϯ÷ûס֣۸ϣԸˣݣǰǲӰ쵽󷿵棬һӰ쵽˴󷿵棬ϣǳϣһʱά󷿵档
ϯϺĻס
Ƽիں꣬˼˼һǡ
һ˼˼͵ǵӭȥʵùãôϯ̫̫û۸ǣ
ҡͷն˰Ȼһ˹ȥͱȺ̻ˡ
ϾͰѸղŷ飬˼˼̵£㰢̰֪֪ˣҲֻǶѣϯǸӣסϵߣƵĴ󷿵˲


160 

극ϯʱȾߵߣʵϯС㣬Ҫū澳𣿡
ղţϯȥʱݺȾϵ˵ȾһҪϯҪϯֿ죬סϵҪ֡
Ⱦǳɹϯˣ˶ϯﲻȾȻֶԸԷ
ϯڰ£Ǽɵ̼ҺͳҵˣǣϯҴ󷿲ͳ̼
ϯҴ󷿵ˣ㲻÷ţӡκҽ𣬾ӣڰж֣ҪҲ÷
ϯӡڳϰǰ¡
Ⱦͷū֪ˣūȥţϯСģūһӡС˺㡣
ȥɡ
ȾƼߣϯﲻæϯ˲١
ϯ룬ѿһˣҲ֪ôˣɽǲҪȥ̽
˼Ұ٣ȥ̽Ҳɣ
ϯųʱһߵĳ̫̫ȴ˳롣
ɫĵŹǰһѾߣҧгʵˣȥѰӵˣĶүٻˣ
̫̫ūܼߵļҶԸū˵ģ˵̫̫£Ժܼûȥ죬ɳȥˣүٻȥˡ
ݳÿĶڣڴ˺Ӿٰ۱һʮ˼ңǺݳĴҡ
ȥ۱ǳõ˵һֻжʮ죬Ҫڽ۰ԵһǾ͵׼
̫̫ɫģߵôˣͲܳˣ
ȥܼңΣҪΪȥѰӣҪѰҾ
Ѿ߻˲͵Ӧһǡ
Ѿ߳ȥ󣬶̫̫ɫɭһӣҧгݵ룬㾹ȻŸҹȥǾͲҪĺݡ
̫̫ɶү֡
̫̫裬æȰүڹųҵ񣬳ҵǮϣǶҲܵ
ֿĵȰ˵̫̫үھǴӣҪү֣һүǺޣӰ쵽үǰ;Ͳֵѽ
ģҲʲôһޣ£Ҳʱиˡ̫̫У¶һ˿ơ


161 깬

ϯλεвϯҴ󷿺ùùȻٱϽӸסǳ̷˿ϾҪΪ׵ķϣԸ˼䷿ס
סϺùҲͣˡ
һߣϯϣӡڳ˼ο˼֮󣬾ͳ׺ϯ
һգϯܳӲȥſ˼˼ϯӰ룬ȻҲһȥˡ
˴Ѿӣֱӱŵſһҵ̯ǰ
һСĵ̯أӱƷмұˮȣ˲Сפۿ
ϯȺ棬㣬㿴ǱߣǸһССİ㣬Һϲȥʼ۸òã
ȻίĽ͵ˣ̯Ҫһӣӹ󣬾̯䣬̯һͲˡ
һôҪһӣôȥǮֱ̯̫ˡ
߻ССֹһ䡣
ϯ˺ЦȻӹǾͲǡ
ѹСѾͷһԭԼ̯̯
ӹ󣬻̯̯Ź֡
߿㣬һκòãٲ򣬾Ҫˡ
̯һһǮ٣Ҳ򣿡ϯʵ
ȻҪæ۸£С
ŵͷϣһӡ
ǺðɣҰ㡣
ϯ˵ţ̯λǰȥ
̫࣬⣬Χ˺üˣһЩСѾǣϯȺһ̯λǰ
ϯһ۾Ϳ˳˵С㣬ͷ̯űߣеԶֹţϯͿ̯̯С磬Ǹ㣬ܲҿ
̯ᣬǸʮ꣬һ۾ݰףʮֺÿ
깬һȺߴߴУͻȻһѭȥһòŮӳУһͣһ˿֮ɫ
ʣǰ㣬ܸܲҿ
Է㶣ϯѯһ顣
Ŷһ㶵ĵͷԣҪöСűߵİøϯ
ǺƣϸʽСɾ£һжʮ̶һİɫӣм䱻һ͸Уһҡмӻͻ̵嶣壬ʮֺ


162 

ϯúܺʵӣ
Ҫ򣿡
ƺЦ⡣
ϯţܺ棬ܺ
͸ʮӰɡЦ
ϯһ۾ʱɵϴ󣬡ȷʮң
Ǻʺܲټ̯ճҪһӣĲ
ЦŮʮӣ㹻ˡ
ðɣ˼̯˼ӣӣֲ
ϯﲻٶ˵ͳʮƱݸŰߡ
С㣬һȡ
ס
ϯͷ㣬ô뷴ڣ
ǡЦһã㣬ϲʲôҶ㡣
̯С磬ͱôҲ˵̯λǰһŮӣ
һźüԼϲİŮӣҲӿ˵Ƕ˵Ƕ㿴Ҷô࣬һ̯С磬ɲѽ
ǣһء
Χ̯λǰλŮӣ߷߲ƽ
ЦЦðҲǱˣ⣬ϵˣҾһ
һ£λŮӾƽˣ׷Լеİ棬Ȼʼ۸
ţʮӣʮ
һȺɵŮү˵پͶ٣ûбˣ˭֪
һӦŮӵʼۣһ︹̣ÿһļ۸񣬲ûˣɣһԸһԸ·ߡ
λŮӣҲΪԼմ˱ˣмǮһ򣬿ɾڸӵʱͻȻһұƭˣļ۸񲻶ԣջʮء
ˣǱˣǳߡ
߼ϯʮӾ㣬ûˣһ
ȻĲϯǹ
ճҪһӣһǮ٣գȴֻϯҪʮӣˣ
ּڶŮÿһƷ۶ոʮӣƻĺ¡
һ۾ϳ˳ߡ
ʱҵģԸⱨټۣʲô£ҧ
ǹһ˶ǹ߶ʱȥҶeĶһƭӣҪۡ


163 

ɣ⼸ĺϲ
ҲǣףⲻǳСôС㣬ʶ̯С磿
ʶʶء߲˼˵ϯĶʮӵİ㣬ΪģҲ˼˵ʼ۸һӡ
˵ˣǰϯﶼǣô
һشûֱڿ졣
ʶСô֪ƭӣһСʵ
ߺߺߣҾ֪ǣʱԿˣɱ˵ûǡ
⻰һСݣʱмŮӷеĶֻһŮԥԥ᲻÷жֲҵߡ
һ黳ϲ߾ǣþ˭ءŮߵһͬ˵
˵ŮӣǺݳǴҵĴС㡣
Һͳһ򲻶Ը֮һֱԹϣȥһ֮˳ңóҶõһ
ˣҳҶԹӼһ㡣
棬ֻҪҺͳ໥˳ۣⲻСһǳߣʱվ˳˳ߡ
ҲʶС㡣
С㣬Цĺܻ֣ԭҴ㰡Ҫǿ黳ǻʹ۸񣬲ŶʮأɸղǸ쵰Ҫʮء
ߣʮȱľӡСߵҪϲˣ͸㡣
˵ţͷԸѾóʮƱݸ
߾ĵɴ۾Ȼϯ˵ϣôɵӣ׷ҲԸ⣬ɵӶࡣ
˵ʲôСʱͨ죬ߣգ˵һ飿
ԭһ䣬߹ӴҪ˵СҪ
һСҡͷ̾ǿǿɵŮĻôϲһ鲻Ҫڶ飬ȻϲҶ˵ˣɵӶ࣬ɵӶ࣬ɵӶ࣬һ˰ɣһ˵Ŷ
СģҲ֣ͳߵСȹ
ֻûߵ߾۴УȺΧĳܽȥ󰢽㣬㣬СҪˡ
գס֡
ԭȺΧϷĺˬĳܽˣŲò


164

ܽ䲻ϲߣ棬ͳһˣһ˾ݲñ۸οԷǺͳһֱгˣ͸Ӳó߱۸ˡ
ܽ߹ƿգգòʮ꣬Сһһֺαظһʶô˿ţҲ±Ц˺֮
Сһգּ߶㵽ܽȥˣջ֣߷ߵǰװҪΪҲ֪жߣ㣬ҲһҪòͣȴװܺã˭
Һ֮жԹݳǵ˶֪۸ˣô˭˵һ䲻ǡ
ɳҽòͣ£۸߸˵
ȻΧΧ˿ֿܽߣ׷С۵ǲģãһܺ𣿡
ôܣԺΪ٣ôֽòг
С㶼˵ˣСѵƭǣ
˭֪ҺͳҿǳңСȻĨڳҽá

Χ۷׷ʱĵĿϯС㣬ǳҺҵĶԹǣվԶһЩ
ղţСҪʱҪ飬ܽҪʱ򣬰ѰǣɾͲˡ
Ҳʶˣ֪ϯҲܺϣȻڵϯңɾʰˣԣҲûǿԼĵվһԿϷ
Χ󣬾ͺǺЦС˵Ϲֻ۾ˣ
ѳקǰָųŵңСңģ͸õģöϵĶ׹ӣҲϲһԣϲҲŸ˵ã
СңȷʵǳģʱʱָͷѪˣѪϣȻһ仨ڸסѪȴΪѪ͸˳ߴ
߼ҵĻĲҪˣʱóϣǡɾʹ
Զ׹ӣȷʵҲǳ͵ģϸ³߹ʮʱ͵ģʱÿ˶ﲻϲߣһԼϲĶ׹


165 嶪

ǡɣ߽գʹ
ҲǡɣСõѿ
ҲţȷʵҶ͸ҵģԶ׹ӣҺϲȻҲҶʹ󰢽㣬ҿϲ󰢽ͶģС㣬һǺͼòͣŹԩǽ˲ϰɣ㿴ԸС棬ҲԸ棬ͱ㼸òͣҿһֱ󰢽ġ
㲻ǣʱҲúƤ˵ǡ
ǰҽŽһ£ƿԣΧ˵ҲҪųСĻղԸ䣬ӲҵģϲҾͲһ棬СĻʵǴҶҪգڼһ۰õġ
Ц˵õĻţ˵Ļοţ˵ǰΪһȹ£СС㻹ء
㣬Ҳ˵¡˵˵ǼȹҶСüˣ˭Ҳûô
ȥ£˵˵ֻѿĵײ˳ãҲ£Ҫ¼ŴӾǼĸİȹ̫ƯҲüȹẦ˿̵ѿ
ѿʱһտϷˬϯͻȻһ˴Ӻײһ¡
ϯʶתͷһۣʶˣӡҵѾߣϯĵ
С͵
ʱȺͻȻ˴󺰣岻ˣ͵ҵ塣
ϤϯŤͷһȻӡ
ӡһţǻɤźҵ屻͵ˣǿҰҵģĶ
С㣬ֵһأڶˣô찡ղײϯһµİ״䣬ҲŴС
ӡ㺭ôص壬ôôСģôˣôҲһ
㣬ô찡أ嶪ˣҺ۰ӡ޵
ӡ㺭˫ɨΧֵȺոնģ϶Ǳ˭͵ˣҪǲ뱻˻ɣͲҪ뿪Ҫ顣
ƾʲô
һϲӡҽõĳߣ죬
ƾʲôҪߣҲ㣬ͻᱻڳ˻С͵Ϊ飬Ҫߡ


166 

ӡ㺭һ仰ŵڳ˶ߡ
˭߰
ҪߣͻᱻС͵ЩСǶǴ˼ҪҪƤС㣬˻С͵պô
ߣѾѣû塣
ǣҪѾͿ㣬һҪȥǰء
ԣѣҵ뿴˭ôĵӣôˣ͵

һȺŮӶʱ׷
ӡֹ˿ޣ״ʹһɫ״վһλǰλС㣬ˡ
ûϵѰɣÿ֤ҵס
λ;˫֣󷽷ð״ѡ
ȸȥ״һǵÄeײ˶Էӡ㺭ԵȸԸ
ոջǳҺҵˣһƬ̣ͿʼڳĹǣһЩӦҲߣ»ᱻС͵ɡ
ϯﵹǲ³ʲôûֻǰԭأֱ״һǸվǰ˵ϯС㣬ˣʵǿҼС̫ҪȻҲΪѸλС㡣
û£ѰɣȻҶѣҲ⡣ϯƵľ˫֣󷽷ð״ѡ
״ӣȻּңҪȥƴ
ܷŶƴ
״ǺһĨζЦϯƴһȦʲôҲûϵЦٽӲƺƵģתȦһȦʲôûС
״⾪ܣôûУ
ʲôϯﹴЦ㲻ΪС壬ҵϰɣ
ҡûҡҿûֻɹϯСС͵״ϻһ£ܿ侲ϯС㣬û㣬ֻôˣûҵС壬Щżˡ
ϯ֣ЦûлɾͺãȻҺСгԹҲðΣգȥ͵һ塣
״ͷðһ亹ϯûѵֻһλȴЩҲ˼֣ƺܽš
ӡϯûѳ壬ɫģҪҪȥϯʱͻȻȸһС㣬
ܣô塣ղŵĵŴó壬ɫһӱɷѩ
ԭȸյյҵӡ塣


167 С͵

ʱڶСǷ׷ױĵĿգرǳҵ侮ʯĻᣬ˿ŹӴҲǴŴ󻧣ôС㻹ȥ͵˼ѽǶֵǮ壬ҲһӣСȺãء
ֱӰ͵˵յȺá
ʱɷһƬæңû͵壬Ҳ֪ôҵ棬ҡ
㲻֪ѵ峤ˣԼܵȥģЦ
ΧΧŵʮŮӣյ񣬸ӱ֡
տֿӡͻȻéٿָӡͳˣǹݺҡӡǳ̣㾹ȻΪ˰Ů٣ǣܽǺӡӡ㺭ңǺö񶾵˼ǣǻ᲻ú
ɫ
Ȼյڶ䷢ģҾû͵ӡ壬ҼҴƴҪʲô鱦ûУȥ͵һһӵ壬ǱӡҺͳҵƭˣݵһϷ
ַĵ͵ģҾ׺䣬úݵϰݺңǾú
ӡɫͰ˼֣ŬסԼû˿ʲô粵͵壬ϣ͵˾͵ˣС͵
ޣ˭֪ӡҵСƤϸ׷˼ң˼ҶмҪҴԲѵ˵ҼСС͵ޣҪС꾫
ʱһͻȻָӡӾʹ
յӣ֮ǰ򼱣ȥһéͼΧһȺˣӡС͵Ӽˣǰӡ
ӡĶһӵĶ֣ˣʲôҪĻڣӡ۾ˣؿˡ
ӡ㺭Ҳ޵ݣϽ׷ȥˡ
ܽﵣӻϣҲҶæ뿪
һūţʲôҪĻ˵ǶС㣬ǧ㣬һūŶӮˣˣ˵ֻǡ
ǵѾߣҲмܲסյӣ׷׿
һϷʹ˽͵ӡ֮£ȴ˳ȥ


168

Ȼյϣڷ˵û͵ڳ̫࣬ţ˲ţյǻˡ
ҺúõĴС㣬ҵĵճŮӡСһ壬һӡ
ԴˣҺӡҳ˳ҡ
ҺͳҵĶԹҲ˼㡣

ϯ￴һϷϷҶ˺ϯҲûٹȥ飬תҪȥ˭֪ͻȻסȥ·
ԭϯϯС㣬λѾ߰ɣָȾЦһʵ
ϯƳһۣǣô
ţֲҶŶսߣСЦ
ϯʱڣҧȻ㶼ˣûпұݺ
ٺ٣ûС
ʱһĿСﳳܣĶעôడ˶壬ſʼעڳˡ
һСģͿϯߵѾߣʲôյͷ
ϯߣȰһ䣬¡
ˣϯ뿪
ȥ׷˵䣬һ̯λڣͰյĵ˵ֻۣĻ̯λϡ
ϯֱӻסҲˣ۾Ͱ͵Ŀ㣬ղ̯С˵ʲô˼
ûʲôϯﲻ߳ߣ͵ѾͷѲסţ͸¶ȥʱջó
ȨƣɶңǱŵĺá
ҺӡҽҲһ¡
ǰûٱǹޣ˼ԶԶܿһƵģ˼ᡣ
գҲǱǰ֮
ϯܺãߣ֮£ǵҪ㰢ҺҵĶԹ潥ֵգպ㣬ʱڱ㣬㰢లż˸㣬ԼҲҪŵ㡣
֪ˣҵˣҲŲءһ⣬㣬ղ̯СϤƵģǰʶ𣿡
ʶִӻó㣬ԺҪʲôԼȥ򣬷ԸѾȥҲУɲٽȥˡ
Ϊʲô㣬Ѿȥҿɲģ´ҲȥˣߣС׽ҷԺ󿴵һΣҾҪһΣûĵ̯


169 

˼˼߻ȥȰߣe˼Сˣ˼Ұڵ̯׬Ҳףһ㣬ͱƽˡ
˼˼㣬ҲΪ˵ߣͰ㶼Ϊ˵ҡ죬һ⣬ȴŰ㣬Ĳֺ
С㣬С㣬ѾˣѾ߻üվ
ü˵ıС㣬ǼλС㡣
㣬㣬˼˼㣬һұ˵ſڵ²Żңҵȥ˵˵Ͳˡ
˵꣬һ̣ȥ˸ķ䡣
ˣ˼˼ͺЦ⻹ȫһƢԣһҲǳҵǧ㡣
̫ӣ죬ûٵˡϯЩͷ۵
գ߾͵ա
ȻҺͳҵһֱԸ֮ǰǲڣϾ߻һӣ˭Ե޹ʵΪһӡ
ɽգߵֱڿ죬ȴ׵ա
Ժǲȴ֪
ȫȫһûûεС
ϯﶼΪеͷۡ
ϣúСſڳܵ£ʹ˾֪˵󣬻ǵĹϯ˼˼˼˼˵ʱҲڳû£ҴСûΪǣ
ùãû£㲻õġ
Ҳû£ҺͱֲʶС㣬ûҪΪǡ
λһǰһæοϡ
ϼŮֶŮúõأһԺǻǄeȥſڣǱ˶̫࣬ң׳¡
ţùãǲȥˡҪǳһϯȥſڣϯԭȥġ
ŮֶŮϺοҸղŹʱѾ˵С㱻̫̫ûóԣڻţ˭鶼ûá
ϯԣͺ˺ߣӣ͸ö෣̫̫ٲúþ㣬֪أ´˵Ż˼
㲻ȥΪС𣿡Ͼȵ
ŮͳĺãΪŮ֪º󣬻Ȳȥ飬˭֪ŮȻ̫̫߷ĺá
ϯ㲻Ҳ˵ˣ˭ȥ鶼ûôȻûãҸҪȥ׷Ѵ࣬οСӣ˵ǲܲˣӣ̫̫ٲúùܽһô


170 ҩ

ǰ߲ΪԼܲסͣй©˳ܽܣŻᱻܽô
ȻѾ̹ߣ˵Ĳ˵ҲӦĺúõأСһֱûûεĹܲסԼͣݺݽѵһ٣˭ֻ֪ȥ˭ֻĳʲô
һͻȥ˯ˡ
һĽҲˡ
ϯ˰󣬺˼˼ϴϴҲ˯ˣ˯һɶû۾ﶼڵǳߡ
ϯȻóСǷ̣ܽһ뵽ССӻڵϣ͵Ҳ֪Ųŵס
ˣ̫̫ǰߵĲ˰ߵġ˼˼ϯ֪̾ڵĳߡ
ϯҲû˵
ϣϯһƼȥߵϢ
ƼȥƬ̣ͻˣС̫̫˯ģ̫̫ߵӸߣСһֱҹ̫̫
ƿҩ࣬ȥ߰ɡϯһ׼õһƿҩ࣬ݸƼ
˴䣬ϥǿ϶ˣ¶ȫѳ͸ҩҲˣԷһ
û뵽ˡ
ƼҩȥˣСʱŻ
ƼūȥʱλСҲڣС㻹ûѣ˯̫̫˽ҳʱұСҲˣ·ϣū澴ӼұСѾߵԭұСҲ˵˳ܷȥ̽ߣ˳ԵĵĹȥ
ϯԣ͵ݮСûԣһϴɾ극Ҵȥ̽ߡ
вأȥСҲԲˣҪҪһЩƼ뵽ǲݮүϯԵģô߷һ룬̫˷үϯСǷ⡣
ϯҡͷá
ʱȾի
իϯС㣬ūիʱ̫̫ߵѾߣ˵С֮ԻܷǶСȥ̫̫ǰ״̫̫ӣŻᷣС㣬̫̫ҲۣһֱС㵽ҹ˯̫̫ʱźȦء
ϰһŮȢϱϱǸַʵʵģ·ǡ
ϱʹϱ෴ǸֵҰļʱʱ̶̿ҪڳǳǷǣʾһԼĴڸС


171 ƿ

ϱǸǿǿҪӵˣƫƫһӵĳߣô̶ܽͷԳʧġ
Ϊߣһĸ̫̫֪ڶ̫̫ǰٴ棬ÿÿ˳Цһ١
գſڴ˻ﵱ˵״̫̫ʵڶŻݺݷŮ¹
ɷ˺ֺڣŮϥǣ˰ޣŮһֱû˯
Ůһ˫ϥϣ۵ֱлڶʹģŮۣҲᣬڴһû˯š
Ůծ
ǰǷŮģⱲ

˷ϯ˼˼Ժ˵ֱƼ˵ˣϯ˼˼˲ŴŰݮȥ̽
߿ۿʱˣűӣʵ㣬ҡұ﷣򣬹ʱأϥǶˣۺۣ㣬Һûģ˵Ұ˵Ժ˵ҪͣأҲ뱻͡
С޵һһ飬ί
ϯȴһҲͬ飬׻ЩۣסһηԺ󲻹ɲҿڣе˶֪
ҼסˣһΣļסˡСίίĵͷŵ
ϯʾƼѲݮʣô࣬ϲԣҶˡ
ߺӣһ뵽ܷҪ壬֣õҲҪûȥ԰ɣ͸ԵģҲҪ
Űɣ͸ģ岻˵㡣ϯùװݮС𣬷ϣƵߵֱߣǰο
ۡǺðɣ¡
ϯﱣݻݮһԵϥϵ˶ۡ
ȳԲˣ߲Ųˡ
Щ˵ˣ㣬һζǶ״ҷյ£Ҳв룬ҪҰ״ߣǿҺá
£Ƚǣģƽ޹ʱ㳶ȥճܣ˭
߶ʱƿԡ
ƲƲ죬ίǣҺôҲãʹ󰢽һʼΧұ۸æҲһӽܸɵó°ɣ


172

ӡ̣ۿǶҪƵ޵ˣȴܳ͵壬ߣΪҲ֪͵¶ݺ˼ҴС㣬һӾͼֵǣĶȥһ塣
ջ󣬾ͻ͵֮ӡݺĿĿ϶ҪգܽŮ
ϯһ˿Ρ
ݺյˣӡ
ӡҲݺˣֻݺĲգϯ
ˣҪúϢϯֻһСǡ
ϯ̽ʱҲõշ顣
֪ӡȻݺϯС͵ʱɫʱɭһƬ
ȻûݺɹȾȣӡҪԸϯ˼ȴóˡ
СӣѳܼҽԸѮӡҵĲιʱãӡңúùܽŮȻݲιɻһֱȥ
ǣүūȥ졣
ҵȫү˵㣬¶ԷǶ̫̫ңɶԷүҲñá
ҵ飬Ͻȥ£ˣй©ȥʱ̫̫Ϊˡ
ȵӡҵõϢѾǵ죬ӡҵļҲǳ̫̫׵æȥ֪̫̫ͨԼҲɹĴȥ롣
ϧˣӡҶү죬Ҳûв鵽ŵĵص㡣
ڰµĶ̫̫˵Ҳιɺʽ𱻳ú󣬴ʧɫǰȥŵˣô£úõأôѹסӡҵĹǲӡʲô˳룿
˻ص̣үүʲôҲûүԼ֪үΪѹסӡҹүҳүʸ˵үүһҵˡ
̫̫ɫʱģѵΪͿͷ֮£
˲֪̫̫˵ʲô£̣ү˵ҪԳС
ڳ̫̫޽֮ǰӡҲһСС֮ңԶ̫̫޽֮ӡҾͲι˳ҵĺʴʵ׬ӣӡһһķֵΪسҴ֮һ
Щ꣬ӡҾһֱιɳҺ׬ӣһһεﹺأ񣬲ҵʮֹ
ͻȻ䣬ݷ汻ˣӡ˶ʱˡ


173 ҹ

һ֣סӡ˵ʺƵӡ˲ò̫̫
̫̫ҳ£ûյϢĵ죬ͼҴɽ
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мӣȴҡͷ˵̫̫ү˵㣬ûүūҡ
㲻ңҿ㵨ӴĺܣҶʹ㣬˵˵ү
ˡū޿ɷ档үûķԸ٣κ˶⴫
˭⴫˭˭ͽ
ɲΪ̫̫үͽá
Ӳԣֻ̫̫вڳҲʮˣµĳʲôյ·ߣѾҴ죬ûжүΪұݻƾүһˣͱ˿еͷʣ˵µĳһжǶү֧ţǸˣ͸֪պ˭ġ
ڶ̫̫үǳҵĿɽҵһжǶүڻţôҵһо͸ùУ͸ǳҵĵĸ
⻰ˣȴЦˣ̫̫ԲӣүΪãΪұݻǶүΣǶүĸ壬ǶүĸûгңҲͲнնүĵλ
ҼҴҵƾеǮڶүɶүûгҵǮڳУ粽С
˵ûжүɶүȴ벻ҵ֧֣ûгңүҲнգҿǴϰҴ壬ܡ
һһҹ棬ڳΪٵãɲּ񣬲ɲǮ񣬱ѡɵƹܣƹߣ̳м֮λ
ĸɼ˵Ρ
δȢޣԣҵĵĸǳϰˡ
ԶүĹְһδǨ󣬳̫̫ҰҲԽԽ󣬶ڳҹҲԽԽ
ӡҵļǵλߵӡҵѡһƹܣڼǮȻǼƹܡ
̫̫ΪҵļҹҲúӡһ
ҵļ֮λ͸ɶүΣǮҲöүƹܣ񣬶̫̫ǲִţϾүھΪ٣ûͷۣҲ޳Ī


174 ڤ粻

ԥľܾ˳̫̫Ĺƻ󣬳̫̫ˡ
ĵҲΪ㣬ֻҪүŵС
̫̫ˡûүū˽ԽүϢ㡣
㡭ڤ粻顣
̫̫ˡ
ˡ˵Щʲô
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ڳ̫̫£˳ȥ
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ȥ󣬺ܿ͵˱Ժ̫̫Ļһֲ©ȫ֪
빴аЦҵĵĸ롣
ү̫̫˼һֱСȻҲὫƾͼƣںݳıĸĵλ
̫̫ʱӣٻУ̫̫ҲֻŮûӣϰ˲뿴Լ϶һϾãԣǰүȥʱ̫̫Ըүȥ˾ǡ
̶꣬ѾΪүӣŮңϰ˵ĳ̫̫ẦŮصؽ̫̫ںݳǣȥǿү
ү·æҲһδ
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Ϊ£̫̫ﲻֶ֪Թ޳ϰˣҲΪγ̫̫ڳԽԽźͰԵԭΪܾóǷġ
ң͸ġ
үһζ̫̫ɽݣū㻹ǳһ棬ȻֵϰǰϰͲˡ
ҡĵĵ֮ӡĿŵݺ£̫󡣡
үŶ̫̫Ҳǰ취
˭˵Ҷˣֻѡ⼸꣬ƣɩԽԽѳ˷
һΣҪӡҺͶ̫̫һ档
ûгңӡҾͲнյĵλҰӡҷˣ̫̫ҺͶү˫ɽ¾ԽԽţرǽһ꣬үǨƷһֱڳ
µϣķһԸӡҴŹȥҪӡҹҲǲԣֻҪӡܳһãӭȢҴС㣬ҾԭһӡҵĴ
⡭ԥһ£үտҼ̫̫ĵճŮһԸռ޽ӡҡ


175 ҥ

ݳǺһ˼ңԸȢӡڼȻңڵҲҴ壬ռ޽ӡң
Ȼ밲µĿģһ֮ǰڰϯ
ϯȾϣҪҺӡҵĳޣռ޽ӡңǲǽףǳϼӳ
ռ޽˼϶ԾжʱӡҳҶһ֮ܰҵŭתƵӡȥһá
ү˼ūȥ졣
֪Ŀĺ󣬳ֺǺǵĸȥˡ
պ󣬳̫̫ûҵŵ㣬ȴ˵ӡýȥס
̫̫־ȣæҴſڣýŴҳ󣬳̫̫˳ҡ
֪¾Ȼǳʱ̫̫һˡ
ƽʱôһôͿڶӡңôܰѵճŮ޽ӡңӦ£պսţҲᰲ֣˵ӡҽҵļȮ
̫̫ݺݵĵ
Ȱ̫̫²ſʼҲһӦӦСһȥӡңܷ˲ɣ˵ҴСӡУҲ͵ӡסҼߣū˵ҴСҼı
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Ƭ̣Ц裬ĲӡסҼߣպҶΪڶңӡҸһ¥
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̫̫ЦˣȻҪҪҪһɹ
պҴСӡҶүӡ飬ʹݳǣ˵֪
ҼϢİӶˡ
ŭĺ˭ںҴӡҵѱǾܾˣôֻܴ飬ܼңȥ飬رӡҺͳ̫̫Ǳߣ϶ǸĹ
̫̫سǵ£͵֪ˣҼʶľͻ¸̫̫йء
һȥ飬һ߶ҥ
ɶƵ̫ˣ´̫ˣ˶֪Щҽõ˼ңصң˲ա
ҥĵ죬ӡ˺ƺƵƸСӡүϺõİ


176 

ҼϺõİʱ۾ˣӡҵƸӵȥʱȴվ˵㲻ҪԸ޵ӡȥ
գ㡭ӡҸʲôöί޹ȥҼ۵ĵ
ȴºӡҵıҵĸ͵ߣξܾ£οŮ٣պѼŵԵĺ˼ңܼӡңҲһź¡
յȻϣ֮ͬ£Ҫ˵ĳѨ
뻢Ѩɵûӡ
Ϊ˱֮ոԸһӡ
Ҽʱ̾һӡƸ񣬲ҺýŶ˻ڣΪҪռ޽ӡң
Ҽ֪ǣռӡҺҺӡҵĳԹûǰ

£ϯѴȾ֪˴£ϯﻹݺݾһΪһССƣͱһѣӡͶһöڵ
ҲڣȻɣͰҶԳҵߣתƵӡȥ
˿̣ϯߣ˼˼ͼλСһԺྐྵӣ̸¡
ߵǰӣһ˵ҪСһ߹ٻ˼ң˶ֻͨȶԷýŹ¾ܶˣû뵽û£վӡˡ
ˣǸ߹ٴﻹҪܼ޸ӡѾĸӡҵȻԵһЩӡǲҶС㼾˵
С㼾ͬĿ˶һۣû˵ʲô
ϯҲĿһۼ넣Ȼྐྵӣû⣬ȴڻǰ˵֪ļ¡
ǰղǼ޸ӡҲûȥǣǼ޸˺ݳһҴĴүӡȢӣǼ넡
넼ӡһΣӡһ飬һ̫̫֪ˣ̫̫ΪƿؼҺͳϰˣٳ¡
ڼеڶȴǼҴүĵճŮҲǳϰ˵ֶŮʮ˵ĳ谮̫̫ΪֻҪӡȢ˼넣ƿؼҺͳϰˣȻü넣ȳϰ˽ĸλô
ϧ넼޸ӡ󣬳ϰ˶Լ넵۰͵࣬Ҳû̫̫ܳвںѳҵĸλô̫̫


177 ͬ

̫̫һգͰй˼넵ϡ
ΪˣӡҵӹĲãᣬıҪ硣
ϯ￴һۼ넣һ˿ͬ飬ܿ΢΢˹ǣռ޸ӡ˼넵Ե˼һ
ȻӡȢ޻üĺһӣܱȶܿǿ
ϯ˼ˣྵĸˣΪı˼넵ԵҲı˼ˣԣ̵ף˼һ
ϯУ˼һºܸˣһྐྵӣһߵռ޽ӡҺҲ֪᲻ᱻСΪѣӡСС˳ҪΪһˣǺǡ
ϯǺ֮δ˵Ļڳ˶֪պӡһԳ˴һպӡҵһἦɹ
ӡգŮˣʡ͵ĵơ
һĸϲǣһĻıģ˴һӿ϶ĺܾʡ
۾ֻЦǰգӡ̲ݺС͵պȴҪɩӣǺǣӡʱ϶ˡ
Ҳܸˡ
ޣ˳״⣬ӡҲڰһѣڣӡҪгɩӣȻˡ
ߺߣӡá
һȺĵӡʱ˿̣ȷʵĲᡣ
֪ӡҺңȻ׼ңջҪɩķһƢȻȥӡҺҲǲԸôΪʲôҪýȥףҲͬ⣬ҲϲȢա
ӡҴ̫̫ԼСŮһͷ۵ѵ㶼ˣҲøţ㿴㣬ڶʲôˣǻһҹӣ
ҲǼˣŻšӡίװȻҲܣ粻Ȣգô㣬ôﶼĽΪʲôƫƫҪȢѽ֪ҺղŽ³ҪҶɩҼͬ⡣
£Ѿˣڶˣ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳܸġӡ̫̫Ů֣ѵŮ£ĸ֮ý֮ԣ˵һӵСУɺͳҿģǱǹ߻ˣضˣԺĶȥڼúѧأȻëëӣԺ˭ҸȢϱ


178 ػ

ûҪãҾڰߣТ˳һӡӡӡ̫̫һֱֻۣĺ
ֲĵʣյĻ£Ĳˣ
ˡӡ̫̫࣬ɲǶϷӡģѾˣҪףһ˵ˣҺӡҵĳ𲻵ܽ⣬Խ
Ůֱֵ˵ˣùҲͬ⣬ү飬ʮֿأ޵ӡպӡֻкôûл
ӡЩΪӡί糤ĺãѧҲãᣬǾˣôС㰮Ľ磬ΪȢһദСΪޣû뵽ȴȢ˳ԶգΪϧ
ղԶȢӡ̫̫ŮһۣûЩҵ˵ˣճԶﶼ˭ģǵĻ
Ҳûݺǿ壬״ǷϯСv˵ϣ˭֪յѵҵʱҲ⡣
ֱգӡûôŪˡ
ۿ״壬ϯ䣬תۼ䣬ȴյϣռǺˡ
ӡѾˣҶɩԺ󻹲۸ѽ
Ѿͷʲôӣһ֪㲻ȥ۸ͺˡӡ̫̫˿¡
ռ޽ӡңϱԺʲô»ŵģҪǴͲŮԣֺǣҪǸģҲЩֶ
ӡ̫̫һ˿塣
ӡûֻߺҲŲ۸ҪǸ۸ңҾö粻Ҫķػѡ
ޡ˵ʲôǻǴҹ˵Ժɲں˵˵ˡ
Ŷ֪ˣҲ˵ǡ
ôģ˾Ͳö֪
ȻӡﰵŵսźҪôԸʱȴ֪һݺϯ£벢δʹ˷Ź
ҪӡհˣҲʵ˳ŵӡҲιɵĹȴҪຼӡҵջ
£ֱȥ֪ͨӡңֱ̫̫֪ӡֳֶ̫̫̫̫֪Ըӡˡ


179 ٴγ

̫̫Ҫŭȥҳŭ˵õģຼصӡʹãô˵ջջӡЩûٷ˼òеɫǾҪߣӡôƷô죿ӡҿô죿
۹۱ǱǹģһĻػ̫̫ຼصӣ˵û̫ү˵һ˽԰ԭȵ⻧ˣȻһĲȡӡңΪ£̫ү֪󻹷˺ôһƢūȥǸǸ˻ȥΪ˶̫̫棬̫үûջ˵ʱӡãʮȥˣӡһǮҲûҲδһ£ǳҹвҵӡһֱװʹȥԳ˲ƽүҪջҲǺܲӡҰװʹһӰɡ
ҪҰװһӣҪӣԼ˽
ֻǣʮ̫үѳҵĲҵεģһᶼҲ
̫̫һ˿
˼ȴ˵ϾǳҹеĲҵݳҵļҹ棬պҪиҼһġ
ңӡҰװʹóʮ꣬һǮδ˵ӡҲԣջӣӡҲûŻͷˡ
̫̫һ뵽ң
ռ޽ҲãΪ˰ңŷѾ˼İӡӣ֮ÿ긶һЩңӡʱСС˼ңͷûӣУҲȫͶ˹ѹû
ͷûӸ𣬺û˵ʲôӡ˾װͿһֱƤľôװȥһǮû
û뵽ʮ󣬳뾹ȻڣҪջȥ
ң˵ˣӡڸҲӡңӡҰʮ𶼲ϣŻῼҪҪӡˡ
ʮһӣ˵⣬Ҳӡôá
ãӡҲòôӣΪӡҵӣһζͶ뵽˳ҵĺС
ӡ᲻ӣҪװʹã˶̫̫
̫̫ŭŸշйͱƿԡ
ӣǳҹвҵõȻҲǹǮǳ˵Ǯ̫̫ùӣȴһûʧǳ˵档


180 

˵ү˵ˣʮӡҪǻϣ˴ӡҵĹϿ۳ϾӡǷǳҹеǮΪ˲óǷӡһҪ
еǵָǳҴֵܣгҷֳȥĵ֧֧ȿųҹвҵĳˡ
һֱŷּҲֲļҹ档
ּʱҸð˽ԸԴߣɹеĲҵȴһֱȫеҼһ£ҼҲͬʱ縺Ҫ˵Ρ
ԣǵ֪̫̫Ұռ˳ʮ꣬һֱûĻֻϰ˶Ķ̫̫
Ȼ̧ˣ̫̫ɫЩˡ
ŬԼŭ侲Ǿӡֱӡ
ӳӡҵĺҲͲʲô¡
ϾʮӵӶҪ࣬ɵҲ֪ôź㡣
ƲƲ죬̫̫ү˵ˣӡҪӣǷʮҲһǮٵĻĻүֱӴӡҹϿ۳
ɲвĻ۳
ӡҵĹүϣүҲӡҲӣүӡҵĹʵҲ͵ӡҵľүһҲӡһǷǮ
ǣһֱڣӡ˺ƶûʵ
̫̫ˡ
ɫɷףʱоһʵҲ֪ķ֣һأΣʮӡӲˡ
̫̫ҧгݵãʮӡһӡʱòӣȺӡһỹӣүӡһȥ
ӡҾӪʮ꣬ѻһϹ˿ͣҪͻȻ仹طֻҪʧϹ˿ͣȻҪǲһֱȥ˵Ҳ⣬ҵҲ⣬οôãطʧֻӡҡ
̫̫У˼һ󣬾;ӡҵ
ȳʱаȵЦˣεҧӡһ⣬ӡ˿϶ˣˣӡŮôˣΪҵ˼ûУ
үѾҵˣһѾȥˡص
ţһССذףϸ޼Լָףһ޼һʳʲô˼ң˵


181 

ϹϾĻػסپպΣкι󣬲Χ˶ӣʮ꣬ıᣬСݣΪó󣬼ڶûȢϱ
ιʱΪ͵ץסˣμ̫̫֪ˣʱʹȥҲûѹιʱμ̫үҲˣֻһιыDǰپӡСȥңգܱιыDƷķҲ۶ӡ
ܺãԳҵ˼Ҳ⣬պҾҪʱ򣬱ү©
үģһΣһԳ϶³ɡ
һ㹦󣬳߳ԺţͷһۣȻݺĨһѶͷϵĺҺ
ѽĸ̰үı飬ˡ
ڣүĹδѹүȻүĲ죬³һҡ
ӡһӣҪϯûƵ֣ͱүˡ
үϵˣ³ܺô
ĨһѺҺҴˡ
үзԸøϽȥء
պຼصһֵϣͻȻһٷһε֮˾ܣƹƲȾ׷һֱ׷һҿջͷ
ۼٷһͷƹҲû룬ͳ˽ȥ
ŵƹһ׷ĻεһСˣһȺ򱧲ƽæ½ٷ˵ĺˡ
ȻһȺ˳ͷ󣬶ʱɵˡ
ֻͷͷûнٷˣֻ屧һŮԭƴŵˣ˳ȥ󣬶ˣˣӦûˡ
һŮˣȻɫɷףƴƿſϵӣñӹԼӣֻӲ̫Ů̫ţ̫£ûã¶ߵֻ첲
ƿˣҲӦ˹ʱֵĵǣղŻһɧӣȲҪ㣬ȴӲţ˵ģҪӸΪɧ㻹ܵĲ濪˫ɴȥ
֣˵زɣʮұһȺΧۣҲѿ¶һ
ͻȻȺϳ˶ӣԷ˼ĵӴⲻǺݳǰپĶôû뵽С޸ǳȻܵຼ|ˡ


182 ӡ

ӣ˵û뵽ȻŮ˻ῴ
Ů˭òǶӵðɣ
ŮӳĲζҲ̫ˣòɲһŮܿ۵ģ
һȺ˶ʱ׷ٷ˵£¶̰ЦϸŵֵŮӡ
ͻȻεСϳŮӣţӡС㣬㡭ô㰡Ͷ
С𾪵ĽͰͣﲻɾ䣬֪˵ʲôá
һຼصĴҵС㣬һǺݳǰپĵƦû뵽˾Ȼһ𣬻ջ˽|ᣬģײˡ
һ£ӡҿɶˡ
ӡҶӡû뵽ӿհһƬĵǿֻţŵĶû⣬֪ôźãֻӣԼڱš
ֻŲẦ°㡣
֪˭ȥӡ֪ͨӡҵˣܿ죬ӡҵӾˣӡ
ǴˣӡͶڿջ˽|飬ȴһ˲䴫ຼأ˺ݳǡ
ڰµϯ˿֪³Թӡ赭дľͱ봦ˣһǱʮײͶȫڴϷ˵龰
ӡ£ӡҶ棬ΪӡҲòӡŮ
ӡ̫̫Ůǳ谮ʮŮӡҴ̫̫᲻ýȥãһ¿ľΪ飬Ҳ᲻ýӡΪ˱סӡӡֻ̫̫ܺὫ޸ӡ
ûýţûƸģͳͳûУֻöڼ˼ϲ֣Ȼһӡӻ˰پ
һգμֻˣϲ磬ϲӣӡ̫̫ӵġ
ݺѵ棬˼򵥵İãǷˡ
Ϊӣְļӡҵ˻ͷϣˣӡʱӡûӡðױֻԼ˽Ʒȫߡ
һͬߵģӡѾ߰״䣬ӡĸҲǰ״İ衣
׵գӡͶӰúͱ͵·
˵·ʵǶǰ˯ķ䣬ֻǶ˴Ŵϲ֣д̵Ĵϲ


183 

ӡͷڴϣ۾ϲ鵽˴ϲʮִۣ͵ƿϲϲµأȻ󷢷һýʹĲȡ
ɸɾ´ϲϣʱ˽ӡſڵİ״ˣĶϽţ˽
һ𾪣æӡҵС㰡ɱˣϲôܲȣˣͲˡ
һҪʲôӡұҼ޸һһҪʲôӡŴĺ
ε˵ͺιڿջ£ô˿㲻޸Ҫ̫̫ҲûӣŻ޽μңһ㷨ӣ̫̫ҲôС㣬ͲҪˣȥүˣںμô
ޣʲôүƾҲ䣿ӡĵĴŰ֣裬ȥӡһˣҰҪ룬ھҪ뿪μңںμңһҲȥҪǲͬ⣬ҡҾͲˡ
һΪѣոճףͺ룬̫̫ôϴӦοӡຼҲͷ˼ңҪ룬ӡҲٽ㣬ʱҪȥδӰ
ôܣҲšӡԼıӡ֪ջҲǱݺģҲܺߣѹͲ֪ҺʱȥĿջ˹⺦ңﲻ᲻ҵġ
С㣬侲侲úһ롣̾һϢӡ£ǲǱݺѾʵʵԩ⡭Ҳˡ
ӡ±ǣС㣬ӡҶŻ޽μңֻ޸ιͺι²ŲᱻۣӡҵҲһ
ҲΪӡԸӡ޸ӣûаȥõ
ӡ޽μҺӡһԶ˵ӡͺιãѳףֻӡ˶ôһŮöûжԴһӡ
Ȼ˵û˻ţӡȴҪһڸ棬ȻӡҳӡôһʎŮӡС㣬պôżң˭һȢӡ֮Ů
Сʮ꣬Ƿ绪ïżҵĺʱڹϣɲܵٵ󣬹СͳϹˣӡҲٻһŮ󣬻ҪٵһŮ


184 ѹ

ԣӡҾԲӡ롣
ӡһӣǺμҵˣǺμҵĹӡҲļңҲںμҡ
迴ӡ˵˼ӡȴû͸Ϊܵӡү̫̫ĳ谮ҪʲôﶼһĴӦ
С㣬뿪ɣպɲˡĳȰ
ӡʱޡ
״ҲĿѵĲٻӡˣ
£Ժ󶼲ҪˣԺʵʵںμҰɡ
̾ߵǰѵϵĴ챭ӼƽڴϣȻԸ״ɾĲĽӡɾ
ûãӺȵ죬С˽
ﻹūڣӻ˻֣ȥɣò̺ˡ
ǣү
踣˸͸æŻҪ˵ʲôİ״䣬·
ӺٺһЦһأȲߵӡߣ˫֣ЦһӣΪˣȾ˰ɣٺ٣żΪú㡣
ҡӡ־ֻŵĵǺ⣬㣬һӣҪ㣬ҽҲᱻӡҲ޸ԣ㲻ҪǰߣҾ㿴ҡңſң
˵ģ˯ˣ飬Ϊ㻹ӡǸǧС㰡Ӹ㣬ԺӵôôٸҸᣬٸӳĳӾͽɵ²
һȢϱϹ|ںòһεСϱﻹϷŹ޲øϡ
ܵﻹ֣ʲôĻ˵óڣӡǧС㣬ĶԻϽסԼ䣬ˣͷŹҰɣأҰҵļױ͸㣬ͷߺòã
ߣŶûУӺòײȢһߣӸ㣬һӣӵĶȥ
˺·Цӣͺú㣬˵ܸӻϸء
ڶҵѹ£ӡ£ᡭ
һ̣˺ܶˡ
գϯߣӡ㺭ˡ
ΪнգǺġ


185 ޹»

ϯС㣬үˣڹµĻʯɽ㡣һգϯճ緹ȾʹҴ߽档
ϯ΢΢һ㶣ʮֲ죬үң˵ʲôô
Ⱦҡͷū澲֪
ϯΪһкҪ£æ˼˼㣬Ұȥᣬȥүȥǡ
ãȥɣһ͹ù˵
ϯȾҴȥ˻ʯɽ
ʯɽеһͤڣеһһƷŲˮСһ̺ţվһԣڻرʲô
ͤ⣬վˡ
߽ͤʱȾΪϯܵүͳġ
λǳĹܼҳһҲСӡ
ͤȾֵ˳Сӡ
ϯ΢Цͷһȥֱվ˳ǰϯЦ⣬ų룬ʵү£ʲô£
ųļЦôôãһɵһЦⶼûУһºˡ
˺ߣʾԼˣָָľʣ˵
ϯŶһ
Сæ˱ˮڳʾ£ӵģһӣƵǰ
СӵϯС㣬ĺ͹·ϣүūڰζӺҦģү˵ϯСϲҦǹӣūһϯС㶼ȥԡ
ӣϯСһˡ
лл޹»үԼų԰ɡϯľܾ˳ĺ⡣
ɫڡ
Ŀס㶫£㲢޹ܰĹ͡
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ÿضһڣͲܻһڣ
һöˣƤٺҲ˼ûûƤļҪɣ
ϯƲƲ죬ҲһΣԺ󣬻үͶң֪ᴫлġ
±˴лɨѴʲôʱں˵ˣ
º²һǴǷᣬôҴҲഫһ㲻һǳүݸߣߣòߣҪǺһ𱻴лһ˵ҹ㣬Ҿp㣬ʲôĻ˵óǹ֮£ͺһҲòСġ


186 ծ

㵹ǷֵߵɫĪʣ˵빳ң
ҲûСϯžһ壬ѣȻҺ׬ӸȢϱðӺùһЩѡ
δ
Ȼǰ޸޵˵ڤޣûƾүݣպ϶ȢһŮΪޣɲûȥΡ
빴һЦȻû˼ӰᣬʲôӶѣһĶȣʲô
ǡΪҾһʲôҶ£ҳʲôˣҲƤˡðɣʵҼɳҺѩ˸ãֹҼұƣѾ˶飬ˣʵ̴㷽͸ʱҾ͵ǷĶ飬ԺүҲٵǻҵĶ飬ѾǷˣһأ²Ϊ
ӼȻˣûȥԣ˵ĻҪ˵Ȼ´ȥƤٺҲյĲ˼
ڰʮ죬ˮĵȳʳÿضֻͳϰУûУѳСĽ۾Ϲˡ
Сڻǲǳá
ԣΣһҪͳѻ˵óСȥ
˭֪ааһЦãҲǷ飬ǷҵĶ飬ô

ϯһ͡
Ȼϯǳ飬޲Լӡ
˵˵ôΪҲ˵ڣɣӿڳ˼ծˡ
ˣʹһϳԿǷģֻȥŹ֡
ϯҧ˵үԺҵռɽһȥӣֻռү͹ȥ
á뻶Ӧ
СĹĵģ۾ɵĴģʮֵĺá
ϯ˺ߣûһȤζı飬ʵүֻҼӳԣ
ǺǣʲôȺ˵ָָǰһδĲˮ
ϯ豭һڵ
ˬ졣
۵Цû˸㼱ʲô
СȷʵڱԺ¿һ˺ȲҪĶ࣬ʱַ˼֡
ϯ²豭ģЩˡ


187 С͵

ҴӦͱ㣬һȥǣҳôˣȥˣү£Ϳ˵ɡ
ϯһżȴû豭ĵƷš
ү㲻Ȳİɣϯε
ˣҲ²͸ʲô
ǺһЦлʣµİ뱭ˮ°£ȥܹҲûȥأĶżš
ֵȷʵ㣬ǰݺӡС㣬ѳף޸˰پĶӣΪ°żһдӼ̧ΣıڶûУΪӡҷӡҲûðױϯС㣬ӡĽ⣿
ҪСѾͷ⣬óһȥμЩʲô
ϯȴһȣȻһͷˮʲôΪҪ⣿
ȻϲӡӡݺҲһٱȥû뵽ӡôͱӦˡ
ȴЩСģһЩֻ
ͻȻϯɴ۾ɵү£İɣ
Ȼ۸ҵˣаȵĹ˹ǣЦһˡ
ϯһߣʲôʱˣ
ûҵĶˣҵˣҳҪһӵˡȻκ۸ӡˡ
ϯȴһЩС顣
֮Իȳ룬ȫҪǰǷҵ飬û뵽ȴĶ飬ܵĻ
ϯڨڨʵ֮ǰ˵ˣ㲻ǷʲôˣԺٵݶˡ
ЦЦûӦǸ˵£ڵڳҵĿ̨ϸλãʱѩȥС
⡭ǲˡϯﲻռҵıˣҺҼĶһ㻹ǰλ˰ɡ
㲻ҪܾʱһȥϯүЦЦ
ϯܾеǰ취Ӧ
СѾͷžʵһģ᲻ü˳Կࡣ
Ȼ̧ϯͬϯͱɫ㲻ȥҰҡҵʱȥϰ밲
ţ͹ԡ
ˮں庢Ӱᡣ
벻ϯߣָϯ̽һӣ³˼̫үʮ٣ϯ̶ʮӴ㣬㣬ԴЩӣϯүæŰЩƳҲûأȥС͵Ĵˡ


188 ε

С͵ϯ󾪣˭
ϯĵиС͵һˣֻжԶ˽˲Ż֪֪Ͱﲻڼң֪סûؼңֻ֪׵İܺͼڡ
֪һ£һǮ
ǧӣ࣬Ҳ١
ϯһԤоͲϯ塣
ྫˣһ񣬾Ϳ͸ϯĲ²⣬ЦһϯҴ󷿵ˣȷʵǣµǸ˲ԣĻʹϣֵȴϵá
ϯһ£ܿ뵽Ƿϵİǧӵ¡
ϯЦˣҪ͵Ҽҵȥծأ
ϽʱԼҪżңϯֵͬС檣ǣ߶ɣԼǲּҪӣͱϻòŻôͨȥ͵ӣ֪ϸ²ŴϯҴǧӡ
ϲ֪ϯõǧӺĵڶգóǧӸιɳҺϯͬо̴㣬ӣʣµĶӣҲϲصʵʵûѩϵҲҲ
ϯɫ˭
ϯܿ϶ѩȻ˸ˣһ˵ݡ
˴һЩС鷳΢΢üƬ̺ĿϯЦҵû뵽ֶΣõزͷԵʯȹ¡
˵ǣ֪ſ쵶ε
ףҲ˵
ܺ棬һٳŵĹС㣬ȻҲ֪ε
ϯһھСزͷ֪һ
Ȼǽڣϯ֮Ի֪زͷǰʶεεӾϯ÷
ϯ÷ʮֻ꣬һŮӨӨ
̫̫̱꣬ÿһ۾ϯ÷ռѲµҪҾ
˵Ҳ֣÷īϯ÷⣬ѾůʮůѾߵĶһҲûУϯ÷һŮҲû˶
̫̫Ҫ󣬾ϱѾߡҲ̫̫һ֮£Ѿ߸ˣҲŶӰϯ÷ˡ
£ϯҴ󷿺һ˳ҡ
ϯ÷ݻҺ󲻾ãεýȥףϯ÷Ȣؼң
εԭޣѲš


189 Ϸ

ǰϯϯ÷޸ε󣬻Ϊϯ÷ãձݻңȢҶԷǺݳĿ쵶زͷڿ£ǲ򵥡
εϵãεȢϯ÷϶ϵ⣬һϲлε֮ĸУҲᱻ˻ɡ
ϯ̾زͷζڲͬ
ܲײˣ
εȻϲһϰһһֵϸ
εйְǺݳǵĲͷ붯ЩС鷳Ҳǲԡ
ǾȲһˡϯﲻΪҵ£ó鷳
˵εͳ֪ݹϵԳŻ˵鷳ɡ
ţ΢΢ЦǾģȲٸȥңҲʧںݳǡ
һ㣬ϯҲûٷԡ
εȥңҲһ취ȥûǣûһֱСܵĳ֪
Ǳεϯ蹣Ϊֺó֪ϯôڶˣԡεؼãжŲǲǳ͢٣Ź
ϯѩүһҪлѩȻεȥҼң֪ᷢʲôأʧҲûʲô¾˺ܡ
һֱಡͻСεͺ޻֮
Ϊһ˵£ҵ£ѾΪӰ£Ӧõģ㲻õл
˵֪㵣ģģڣܵİȫܱ֤Ͱڰ
죬½ͽɲСѾͷ
ֻڻؼ֮ǰúԸϵİ취
εȥ͵Ѿͷ֪ˣ϶ưոݣѾͷɴһϳԿ
ϯͤһ磬ֱ磬ᶼˣիʱˣŲòСѾͷŻȥ
ϯʱ뻹⼸Ҷڰ£Ҫ£ֱҡ
ϯӦһãԼ֪˽롣
˭֪ڶգϯճ극ҪţȾʹϯС㣬ү롣
ǺǡϯĳߣЦˣϷ˵㣬ջ˵ûʲôɣͰû㣬ְȥˡ


190 ׸

˵ûʲô˭Ű
ɲţƾһͶ԰ɲһὫһӵˡ
ӣóһǮֱӰѶˣӴǷǸϺ¡
˵Ҫ¡ϯܲ˵˵ʲô
ȻӡҽöɽˣûˣԺ˶࣬Ŀڶ࣬ȥˣʲôлɲá
ҴˣҲ˵㲻Ҫ״˵꣬죬Ϲ˵˵
ϯȥϵطͤʱһεղ˵ˣû±˽ô
Ȼ£Żỽ빴һЦСѾͷ۾˼֡
ϯֻ£˵¡
ϣҵõһϢ¹ҵģʱʱ̫ýŻڻ
ȸСѾͷһԭСѾͷ롣
ϯüңżң
ݳ˲٣ʶգֻһҡ
ţׯɣɣʵ
ϯʱ࣬Сɣ裬ǲˣ
ʱû£ҵõϢ˿ҪΪŮ
ƵķųһըϯʱըͷۻܣΨһĶӣôܻȥ˼ŮҲͬ⣬ү˭ڴ⣿
ңϺҡ
ʲôϯǷŭһңȻҴ⣬̫ɶˡ
ȻϴӨӨ˼˼飬ɫһƬ
ǰӨӨһκ󣬾˽飬ֻʵû͸¶¡
ΪˣӨӨ˳ÿμǷ˰Ƶġ
ΪӨӨһ֮£Ů|˵һʱ䣬ûм磬ͻ
ڰ˼˼̬ȣ֪ӨӨء
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˵ĶӣǴҲ׸ңοӨӨƷҲϡ
˶ǱַʵʵׯˣĽ٣ǸԶҼӴƴҲͬȥ׸


191 ȥׯ

ǰ̫̫ͻȻͻ֮ϾʹŮӨӨҴɽңڻؼҵĵ죬ҲǰͻȻýȥңҪİ׸Ůýŵʱͱźĸ˳£ԭ͸õΪֹС֪Ҿܾ󣬾ڼҪҪһ޶ϵҪĻ
Ϊֵ̫󣬷ƹ˵ˣڵ֪ϯżҺ󣬷ƹҹɽ롣
˶٣뻹ѵ˵̫̫ҲΪ׸Ůҿܻк֣ϯС㣬Ҳһ廧Ҫİ׸ǻ鷳
лл£һң磬Ҿɽȥׯϯ
ţȾƼϣɽҲûѾ߸̺򡣡Ȼĵ
ˣȾƼ̺үɣҺҰһɽ̺ء
ȾƼǳˣڰ£ϯ̺ȥﻹ˼˴ߡ
ȴ˹аһЦֲǵһνҵˣʹôˣþǣЩûɫѾߣȾƼҪǿˣɽΣգҲܻ㡣
ȾƼȷʵܺãٺãҲá˼ҵԼѾʹɣ
ֻǣĻû˵꣬һͷĴʲôʱƤôˣˣһΪ㱸ãիֱȥС
ϰȾƼϯ
ϯһա
ˣô
ֲȱѾ̺ĸŮһ̺㹻ˣСС̫̫С㣬Ҳ飬һԼˣòŴʹѾߡ
һھܾһԿв飬ϯﲻ˵ʲôˡ
磬ԷʱϯͰ׵£˼˼֪Ȼʰʰϰ˸󣬾뿪˰¡
͵ׯ
ǳˣ͵ׯ󣬾͸ϯϯС㣬ү˵ˣ⼸ūźһжϯСİš
ϯûźܲ㣬뿼ܵͽϯʹá
ϯܸжˣûвϣһ磬ܶˡ
úŮˣʮָˣУüﱸ˲ʲϣȥι


192 ǫ

òãιɣүֻҪҲСĶι
Ȼ˼ֻһӴ򣬿ȴϯ׾˾ˣϯǰƹҪ񣬹ĺһС㣬οһССĳ
ûүԼѾ߶͸ϯСô
ҲһˣϯڳеλĸߣȻҲϯҵˣҲһ˿
ҵҲմɻϻմһͣСúŮˣһȺҲ˲ȥϴһϴȥϯ˵
㣬ǰ½᲻ǻûôôɽˣǲô
㣬ˣͰϾסɣðڴ嶫ͷǿӼһðԣϲ԰ĺˡ
ԶԶԣ⣬üûгԵĺˣɩֵŲˣɩӽսɽ˲ҰˣĢĢ
ֵһĳСãʲôóԵģ޲СõѹԼһĿۻүˮġ
࣬ɻۣҪûˮգɻûԣÿũæʱ϶廨ļүˮ
󰢸磬磬磬·ϣ˸ȥǿӸʮǸɻۣҲҪ⣬ɻ
ڼ磬Ҳһۡ
ϵİҴĴ峤ҴɶɣֶںݳǸ˸ɻˣҵׯǺõģ򼸽ȴЩһ굽ͷҲһȵĴҪöˡ
Ϻ˼˼ΨһŮұܳ谮ʲôóԵģǶøǳԣϺ˼˼£֪үµظɻۣкóԵģҲŸǡ
ԣҵķϣܿǣȥȥ˿ûб˼ۺ޲öԼԵġ
ҵļҽҲرãҵŮԷҲнڷʳ
˼˼ùúͰ岮ûԷأͿʼǫãҲЦŶֵܵ壬ùʮ⣬ӣһǣ㹻һ˳ԵģǾͱǫˡ


193 1

ѽСôóԵģУϣǸǵ㰢ȼڲɣɣȥһ̳㰢ըһ뻨ס
Ⱦƣըȳⶼ㡣
ҲƵƵͷ峤Ҳ˵ĵǸ׼ƣǻöлλСݳһǸɵĺúλСȼ
ҲңūҲ¡Ķװ󰡣̬ȷŵ͡
ϯҲȻ£ɸһ糵ҲˣϾҼ˾ȼҲûϵճ緹ǻسǡ
ϯҰ£Ҳżׯס
Ӧһǡ
ϱڳ˻󣬾ȥæϯ˼˼ȥķ䣬ȥˡ
ʱ󣬷ˣݵϰһĲˣΪгڣҵŮ첻Ůڳһ
ׯ˼ңûʳ޲ĹأԷʱϾҵ£˵̫̫ʮԸ׸ȻΰܾңɾҲưոݣҪɣںݳǸɻǧҪСģҪҵĵ
綼ںݳһҲһּһ¹Ǯ䲻࣬һ˲Űӣׯ˼˵Ҳ١
ֵһҲһӵĽһȥũæʲôģʮ»Ҳʮӣ
һϡ
ѽСôóԵģУϣǸǵ㰢ȼڲɣɣȥһ̳㰢ըһ뻨ס
Ⱦƣըȳⶼ㡣
ҲƵƵͷ峤Ҳ˵ĵǸ׼ƣǻöлλСݳһǸɵĺúλСȼ
ҲңūҲ¡Ķװ󰡣̬ȷŵ͡
ϯҲȻ£ɸһ糵ҲˣϾҼ˾ȼҲûϵճ緹ǻسǡ
ϯҰ£Ҳżׯס
Ӧһǡ
ϱڳ˻󣬾ȥæϯ˼˼ȥķ䣬ȥˡ
ʱ󣬷ˣݵϰһĲˣΪгڣҵŮ첻Ůڳһ


194 2

⵹һð취綼ûȸܵܶģҪҲȸ綨ǡ
ţ飬죬ȸ綨һ£ڳף͵ȴͶ׺˵
鲻ﻹһ͵ǣȥｯýżһˣýýŰɺúĥֻҪӺãǿ彡УģҲҪôˡĸ
룬̾һϢҲֻˣڴɶɶհպ׬ӮǮȸɶϱպҲǶϱ
ũ壬һ㶼ȸ綨ϱȸ綨ףŻֵĵܵܶϱȻ˽˵˾ͻΪëϱ
ãľǴ峤ʮĶˮʮĶأʮĶأһѧգ׬Ǯı£˼ңǷׯûмҡ
ҪֵһֱںݳһҪ׬֮ٶϱֻҵżͱýŸˡ
˼˼󣬷ҲԵĲˡ
˶࣬ʰҲ죬ʰݵǻںȾƣһȺŮǾȥƫš
ϾϯҴ󷿵顣
ϯҴ󷿷˺ܶ飬ڰʱ˵һЩϱҲû˵̫࣬Ͼһһȫˡ
˺󣬺һ˵ϣѽʱӾ޵ϯȥѹ̧ͷòװ˷ּңΪϵȣ˭֪͹ү˶ӣȻϯҴ󷿵סˣȰӲ㣬Ҫֱ𱳣ϯҴѹһӡڣ󷿣պ͹үˣҪӲȥȻӿô죬Ƕָ͹үء
ϵĽ̵ƵƵͷ̵ܽһأһ᲻ô󷿡
Ȼʹ˺ˣҲ£Լٱ۸Ұò׷󷿵״
ڣӱ֮ǰùˣ֮ǰ׾ݽͰͱ۸ӣɲٹ
ϼŮӲˣ͵ͷ͸Ϊ͸Ϊźӷ𡣡
޳ȥŮóȥˮЩŮϯҳԵĿ࣬Ķ۹ŮҲȥϯҵ顣


195 

ֻιŮԼ
Ůûܰ
ʱҹڴϣŮͻڽϯңһ뵽ϯ̫үŮãϯͬҲԹŮã־²
ôŮδ͹Ů˵ûй
Ůһֱչ˹ŮҲչˣЩóԵĺúȵģ͸һݡ
ԹүӣϺ㣬ΨһϯҴ󷿵˲ڡ
ȥˣǰ飬ҲҪˣҲӲˡϰմϰףϯ֮ͬΪϴϯͬȥӽӣ裬ϯͬ־أһΣҲĲڴ󷿡
ǰŬΪϯͬ˵ûϻϯͬʧ
ϯҲΪ˵ûţ󷿵պҰסҰ˵ˣ̲ĸûбҪТҰ˵ԺÿڣȥϷء
ǰÿʱ϶ŲϯͬϷأһ꣬ϱϯͬҪϵķĹϯصǨߣ˵ϲϯţڰϼѾߣϯصء
һΣϯͬôΨһһξܾϵƴסϵķĹ
꣬ϯţȥݽİϾ˻һϢϡ
ϯţϰһׯϣ˴Ϊƣɵ󣬲ǵüĶǵˣʲôǵãʧˡ
ϯţû취ֻðʱסׯϡ
ʱϲʮ꣬ʮƯϯţδôƯĹ˺ɫ԰ףɫҲ˿ɵС
ֻһۣϯţľϡ
ʱϯţѾĸ֮ȢӣӰԵϯţϲʱϯţҲʢͳϳܣȥϯңԸԳϡ
һμʱϯţѾʮ꣬ͳϳҲ߰꣬Ҳ˺üϯţȻһ飬ȴûзǷ֮룬ֻǾԼ⣬һһչϡ
ڼ䣬ҲĶϯţ˺øУϲϯţϯţׯһŮ˵飬Ҳ֪ôϸ֪ˡ
ŭ죬һӾʹׯӣʱϯţƴϣΪ˳ϡ


196

ΪˣҧͬϽš
ӴˣϳϯţС檡
֮󣬳Ͼͺ޼ϡ
ϯţʱһĻϺϯͬϵҲ̫̱ĸӶˣϯţһϾָʹŮȥѹˡ
ϯţ֮ǰϯͬ˳ֻ¶˳ϵֶ֮¡
ϯţ󣬳ҲûŹϵķĹŲϯͬȥĸϷأҪϵķĹǨԶԶģҪϯͬǴβԴˣڣΪñϯֻͬϯͬΪϵķĹĻᵱ
ϣϾһ£ϣ㰡ʱҹʱ˵ŵ飿
ûаһȻʱûߣֻкڣͺ˵һȥġ
ںϯͬ˵ʲô˭Ҳ֪ϯͬҲδ˵Ҳûߡ
Ҳδʹ
ϾĹԣһϱȥʣʶˣϯͬ롣
Ͼһ£꣬ҹҺȥݣ˳Ϻϯͬ˵˵ʲôݲ򵥣Ƹҹʱ·йء
Ҳû˼䣬ʱ±Է֣㰡£㲻ȥʹүôţҪʲôݣҳҲøһ·
ϵĻһըһ㣬ͶϺϯĺ
𾪵ôܣݲ򵥣ϯô꣬ҼҹôδȥѰҹŵң
ʧˣ֮ҹôȥңϵ
οѰҪһӣϯֲʲô˼ңôȥȫذѰס
˵ˣһҵϵңʲôͨ˼ҵĻ˼һϼϯС檣
ҴԼҵĹȥСС˼С檣ϯţҲ˽ģûȥѰ˰ɡ
ϵؼȥʺȥӹŶˣټŵ飬ȥʮˣҪҵˣҲҡ
û뵽ŻݣҵŵˣҲûϣ
ϯüͷϸ˼˰죬Ҳûʲôݵ
ǰʮ󣬿ʮҲδϵҡ
ɡҾңңˣϾȥôˡ


197 

ϯĸŮׯסһ޺󣬵ڶ磬ͻ˺ݳǣʱ֣Ÿϵ˼ҡ
ؼ֮ǰһ䣬ȥѧϯ蹣Ըľȥ֪ͨϯͬؼҡ
ϯһȺ˵ʱϯͬҲ˻
ûŮӣϯͬݾͼ˷ܵ˵㣬ôͻˣһΪǵúɽأһ׼ȥǡ
ˣһ⣬һ˸ԺǼҵٳžͷˡ
ϯͬ˳ĸߵ
ϯ۾ͿԺֻһİͷӣǣȥ˺Ժ
Ҳ˳ʵүȦԺ
֮ǰûûȻҲûȦͶѷŲ϶ط
ϯͬۼǰԺûطȦԺкţ뷽㣬Ҿ˻˵أһȦһ񷿶Ѳϡ
վǳ֮ơ
ŮˣסԺҲסլԺԺŮڣͲóģȦζҲر죬ȦٸɾҲһŨζϷһȫס
üүȦԺôסѬ˰Ͱ蹰ô죬С飬ģϻô˯
Ҳû취ϯͬۼǰԺȻ󣬿ɶڽӵ᲻ÿˣ㣬ͺǾͼ£ңҺܷع飬ʱӣһһЩլӾͺˡ
˼ˣһլСѾס¡
ҪͷϵӲϯͬھ뻻һһЩլӣӺͶӹŮһյĿࡣ
ϯȻ°ҪլӣǾͰǰԺǵǼˣȦԺȦ˲˰ɣȻ˶û
Ȼ˴լӺլҲҪһһҲûʲôһֺαػҪһĳζء
Ů˵ˣҲ̬ϯͬ͵ͷվ
ȻϯͬϯĸŮڰµ顣
ϯҲûţѺӡҽ𣬱Ϻù۸飬һһϯͬ
ϯͬɫڣŭ㣬պٱʲôǲҪҲҪ֮еöˣ߱£Ҳ


198 ˭

ϾЦˣģҲ۸ˣһΣҿûгԿ
ǾͺãЩһֱŴ󷿵ѹͺǳ˲ٿ࣬ҿǡ
үǶһˣиͬͬûпǡ
һĳϯͬ˵˻Ѿˡ
ϯͬ״͵ȻЪϢȥԸϼӼˣǰûгԻʳˣǾͶˡ
ҺͰȥׯ˲ء
ϯͬЦˣȥ衣
ϻϢϯͰԼңȥʰȻŸȾƼҲˣҼС䲻࣬Ҫסûطǻǻȥүɣİòǡ
С㣬үū澸ˣûүٻū澾ͲȥүūƤﶼܴպ˯С㲻ðסҲСȾ˵ţ۾ϣƳһķ
ĺǺǴЦӷ
ŶˣֻĵôǱүϳˣ
ޣűүϳأҺȾǱүίϯСġƼһڡ
ĲŲأϯүôȾƼϯһȾƼʲô飬үŻ᲻ǻسңʱϯ
ѵϯʲô˲õˣ
ĶʱϯС㣬˭ˣ
Ϊ˭Ƽһۡ
ݳǣүɱ÷ŵˣܹǼˡ
Ӵһ뵽ӡҷ飬̫̫ǰɽͲµǶ̫̫ɣ
үаȣֺ˭ˣк³ΨһүŲºֵˣֻԼˣΨһүˣΨж̫̫һˡ
ŶүƷԽԽߣ̫̫ҲԽԽԵ裬ĺʱʱľͻȥһүȨ
үڶүķϣҲǶԶ̫̫̲
˭֪ȴö̫̫ԽԽţξȻֱүΪϯҰŵ
ϯСǵǻССġ
̫̫ɲһϳԿˣСּǳ𣬻ϲ£ǵˣᱻݺ
Ƽ˺ߣ
üǵС㣬ԺţߣȾƼţߣ̫̫мɵҶ֣ҪԷһԼҲҪ˼


199 

һϯȴһĪ̫̫ˣԼô֪
ȾС㣬ӡСС㱻ˣӡС㻹ӡұż޸һĵƦåΪӡСôһ³ӡ㣿̫̫㣿
ϯԣӡ޸ӣҺ£Դϰ£Ҵδǹӡҵˣӡҵңһһ̣ô޸˶ӣҪһеҲɣ
ȻȷʵϯһݹͣϯԲϡ
ϯδǹӡˣһֱӡҽҪӡ뺦֪ƽ޸ô
ӡܣɻ£
ȾС㣬ſգʱС㣬С㣬С㣬㣬СڳС׸ӡҶүӡҪʰôҲӡҴ֮󣬴ССǶ̫̫ĹŮӡȻǺСǳˣϰ˵ͷӡҲҼǺС㣬ӡҲǣΨ㣬ӡǵˣҲС޵ˣΪӡСһ³ӡܷŹ㣿̫̫˭
ԣӡҺͶ̫̫
ϯʱĲС
˼Ҫ۸Ҫɣ˭˼ǮȨء
ûɽûǮûȨûƣ͸ñ۸
г뵱ɽɶ̫̫ǳҵˣǳ׶ɩһһ̫̫˳֣˵һء
ϰ˳һҲΪȥѶ̫̫ô˼ôҲһˣʼһˡ
ûΪһˣ͵ļլ
ܰĸѾߣļˣͺܸмˣָˣֻܿԼ
̫̫ӡҵ۸ߺߣҲǺ۸ˡ
ϯ룬ʱԸģ֪ͨţҰ
ǼĹǣ̫̫ҪԸϯҶֻ»֣ϯҴ󷿣̫˻Ҷ̫̫ӡңĿǰ÷ˡ
ϧ̫̫ǳҵˣɳȥӶ̫̫ȻͿʱ֪̫̫ıƣǰӦԡ
С㣬ϯүүˣŻڴү߰ɣԺū澾͸𱣻̫̫Щĵ
ϯʱЩүʲôʱ˰嵽Ұȥˣ


200 һ

ãǾͰ˵İ죬ԺҰһһˣһ
ϯȻҪϣǾͲ
һǷ˳һ顣
ϯһ뵽ճôʱЩͷۡ
Ⱦãϰ͸Слū澻үǶСţȥԺһˣѶû
֪ˡҪȥлȻ֪£Ϊôࡣ
ϯȾƼլСӣǾͺݼһ˯ɡ
ȵլˣȾƼ˾ͻ˳ҡ
㰲ŵģ飬ϯʱͲµˡ
ĺǺڨЦС㣬ūҲΪүãүÿ飬ڣûṦ˸ôС
ǳ򣬻ȵСˣǸӣʵүˣ书ū澶ãү֪ǻ䣬С㻹Ǆeүү롣
ϯӡ˺󣬳÷ƹʹϯͬȻнڣ˳Сϯͬߡ
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ϯֵͬܽӵӣүǣߣϯҿǷүһ顣
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201 л

ϯĬĬҲ˵пգЩȥллүô˵үչǼҡ
ǣף꼾һ󣬰Ͱ̳ڳ͸үȥ
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202 ҵϢ

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үڼôƣҲƲׯȥɣͺݳǿɲһϯվһ⣬˵


203 뾭ѵ

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204 

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205 

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206 Ȱ˵

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裬ȻҪ衣ϯնȻҪլӣ绻ĺãҲۼһյ


207 լ1

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ҲιɳҺ飬һֱţ˭Ҳûߣȫ˺ͳļ֪ҲǷŴ֪󣬻ֳʲô鷳
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208 լ2

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209 

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210 ص

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ԺӲ᷿Ժﻹһʯ̵ҶӣĻ䣬ԺΨһķ羰Ҳ貶Ŀķ羰
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211 ԰

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һȺȣһȦ
ߵһƬԼ䣬˾ջһϧô໨̫˷ѵˣҪֵĶǲˣǰͲ˳ˡ
ֵĲˣǿ쵽ջ񼾽ڣƹܣҲ˺öСƻҶˣﶼ˺üسԡҪǰˣûֲˣȥĳԡ
ôˣ˳ԣҪӰ
ݹһ룬;ۡ
һƬջݾͺ޲óͷȫϲˣ·ݣͲ˳ˡ
ƼЦΪ˭ҵԺӶֲ˰ôԺӶֲֻͣ˲˷ѵء
Ĵ˼ңں԰ֲˣˣϲ̨棬ǺܶҴׯֲˣÿ賿ժˣȻ͵ܶ˼Ҷ
ϯ￴ΧһȦָһƬֱһݵ˵ǿزֵţںϣҪֲˣˮҲ㣬ۡ
˳ָķ򿴹ȥϲЦţС˵ĶԣȰˣҪһѵطٰѼӶڳԵߣһò˶ãǾܳԼֵĲˡ
ϯתȦƴĻ԰ܺõĽӿڵʱѡһأϿʱǾͿԼӳˡ


212 ͵

ԶԶԣǰլСûֿĵطԺӴʲôеطˡֺǺǵӦ
Ͷˣĵ²Ⱦ˼״ü䣬ҲûͶ԰ֻݲݵģֲ˵ĵض
ϯһȺˣƵιѰϯͬʱϯͬں˵һӵˣҲóĸǰðʱ͵ðڣÿʱҲÿݣҲѧһѧ˼ҵĹأԺǴˣ˸ˣٶأͲöˣǼҪλլʱúƶһЩҹ棬ɲΪûйأ׹ϯҵ
ڽ̵أϯﲻ˼͵żѾԶһЩһͤЪš
ֱɫˣϯԶԶģһ
һ˻صгʱ̫ɽˡ
ϯѾѧˣݺϯ˵Ͱϯ蹼ıȥӭӣȲϯ㣬ôǼҵլƯôûкôĺûС
СӶϲ棬ϯլСûк˴ϯ蹾ͿĽͬӵܿݼʱ档
ϯ蹶լΣϣһˣ
ϯ˵ͷЦûУһģգǿժԡ
̫ˣһҪǳԡϯ蹸˵һܻݣ磬˵լдǿں㣬ܣϺ㣬ˣһȺѼӡ
ãϯҶСС˶֪ڼ󣬻룬ӣҪլӣҲЩ
ϻͦͬţ鲻ԺǳѼӣͲȥׯץ
͵İ蹣۾ü䣬ֻĸµ粹ӡ
ãŰ蹡ǣСӵ֣ݡ
һڴĿϵլӺܺãɣﻹмҾߣ¼Ҿ߽ȥܰˡ
æľɼҾ߻ãȱʲôֱӰȥǣﲻ÷ٸð죬ľɼҾ߾С
ôУ㷿ļҾ߶᲻٣ٸһЩ¼ҾߣҿˣԺһΣһľһ񡣡


213 

СԺﶼû鷿Ҳûȥѧѧֻڼ￴дд֣ѧɲš
Ǽլӣ϶˲ӣҡĲҪ¼ҾߡٸŬ˵ľκľãҲúõģûôɣ̫꣬ϧù˵Ķ಻ҡòߡ
ϼһУܲ״ӵС˼һ´ӵϸȻȰϯͬүȻ˵µģǾͰİȥðµģ蹺Ͱﻹȱʲô˾ɵĹȥãȺǴЩϿԣˣΪðһ¼ҾҲһ
ԶԶԣʮ߰ˣٸҴ¼Ҿߣҿ϶Ͳܾˡ
ʱԣЩ˶ϱͣһ¼ҾߣʱͲٻ
ϯɬš
СС˼Ȣϱ޹ŮҴһҾ߱Ůð죬Ů͹ȥ֮һзȢϱʱֻҪѷտճضҰڼױС
ССҵģӹĶ̫ԣûɢӸŮðҾߣðһЩױѾ
ԣСС˼ҵȢϱ϶ԼҰѼҾ߱á
ϯͬ룬ôӺ˵ҲԣҲûһζҪð¼Ҿߡ
ϯͬ㣬գԸѾǹȥǱߴɨһ飬һӣǰܲܰȥȥլڡ
ãҾȥ㣬˰ңլǱҿҲȱ˲ٶҺͰȥиӣٿʲôȱʲôٰ֮ǰȫðá
ȻҾ߲µģҲвٶȱˡ
ҲǰһүǰѹˣϼڣһСҾһڹҳߴ粻ԣҲҪȥһ
⣬ڹ
˶ˣһڹá
̵ȣҪһЩµġ
һ뵽⣬ЩУ󣬾ϯȥֽͱʣĸŮҪõĶдһŵӡ
뵽ģˣʵ벻ˣϯ͵Щˣȥȱʲôǡ
ãȥȥլӴɨɨľ趼УҼɾĨȥС


214 

ȾƼѾߣϿɲָʹǣ˼ǳҵĴѾߡ
תգĸŮˣ¡
ϴӣϯͬһߵģϯͷԸȥһͼֱլӡ
ãӨģϯݶˣųͷֺ棬˫֣Ŭڵء
ȾƼӣլӲϴŴҾߣǽ϶Ÿɾɨɨһ飬˰լӴһȾ
ϯҲڳһأаĶ࣬źǿݵأȫͶ˳ݶĸɸɾ
۾ðĿһƬֵأЦŵС㣬ҾѼĲˣԵرȼػǻٶֲٲˡ
СѾ̵ģ˷ܣϺҺͣҲûۣòľжδκҸ
ϯ￴һۣЦˣţǺһԲˣٰѰ档
վֻѾҪɨҪڵأҪչҲۣû
ϯ۰ճԲˣҲûʲô£ʹˡ
ãūڶһѼС¯ӺչҲϣٴһף棬ԺﻹвٲЩүȡ
үɲܸһиԡ
Ͷ˵ŻʱƼ˵Ϲˡ
һĶֱ͵լ
ϯ֪Ϣæӭȥһöնûû
ȫˣһٿȱʲôиӣȥ򡣡
˫Ҳûţһһһһֻչޡ
չޱˣ￴Уһ˶࣬СչҲãÿ趼أ̫鷳ѹչԺá
ˣЦū澾Ͳôչˣµࡣ
ţǿͷҭĻţҲǣŻչʱˣҲȱһ
үʱнľͰľӰ˲ֵǮĶõĹչ޵Ʒһȫˡ
׶ûһ
Щȫðµġ
ãլӸմɨɾһȺѾǣĶһϴһ飬ڵ˸λϡ


215 ڲ

æЩɫæһȺѾǻؼҡ
ϯͼʱ
ϯҴſʱ춼ˡ
ͶԳ˵ճʱٹǣûʶĳջҪһ
УҰҲǳҼֵܶǿΪҪ⣬մҰһ
ãǮһյӣȸ㡣
˵ţʹɰͳһͭ壬ʮ
ӹͭ壬ֵл͸ˡ
ϯϵʱϯͬѾˡ
Ҫߣôŵϯͬæӿ˲ţŮ춼ˣǻûҪȥǣæһ죬ǲǶˣ
ţеۣûɣ裬ϼ򵥵ЩԺˣ󷹣ҶˣЪϢջڲ˹ȥԡ
Ӽ󼦵ɣ׶ϯͬ
ţЩ⣬ջʣһ龫⣬棬˿棬ӣȥԺЩҶ˷ͷ
вˣҲ̫һ죬ûٳԣһ˷
˲ټľׯϣûȱٹԡ
극ϴ꣬ͶϢ
գ컹ûϯˡ
ȾƼ֮ˣһ㶯ǾͻᾪѣϯﶼˣҲҴ𴲣ϯһȥ˲˵ڲˡ
Ϊȥ磬ɵ˵ʱڲˣԱ߻װ˼ںõļҶ˵ȡ
ڳһôӸϵĻǶ¶˼СӣҲܸˣ˲ļҶҲǳ˺üεģǵĵ裬˶ˣڹȥԣԻ𣿡
ϣС̺ܻ
üιˣܲ
˸ɾֽڳʮͷٲ˸
ϯҪµأæС㣬㲻ö֣ǼھУվһԿţϣ¶ˮ࣬eʪѡ
ȥ׼ĳʳϯûԼ֮أŴȥլԷ¡
̫̫ڳСȥ̫̫æҲãôٷأ̫̫æ
ãϯһ磬ȴһ
ϯȾƼȥ˳æ


216

ϺӣæȻ죬Ⱥ죬ϯ˰æ˲һ˹
ȳ緹յĳѾܣϯҴſڵš
ֺʹɭˣҲͣںſڣȴҳ극򿪺ţ˾Ͱںõʮˣһһ̧
Աָӣٲ˸ʹиҶ˸棬ѹţ棬ѹ
˼СһףһͼС轣һװŰӡ
⣬չޣС¯ӣף
˵ūЩͷŪһ¶ƤУ̫̫С㶼ǽӣҴЩ̫̫Сԡ
ԣһչ޲ãѼСչִˣ˼үʱ󼸸ӳԡ
ӺƼȾһϯĸŮϯļһ
滹һװ˵ڳʱֱ
ϵʱóʱУֱӴӺſڣԺͣڴ⡣
ԸϵĴִɭȱֱӽԺӣݴǹȥ
ǣִ̫̫ɭϣϻǺܹģϾǵĸǵ
Ͼͺĵ˼뿪ˣֻҪڰʱǾС
ţɨĺܸɾ
մҴææأϲδϸһۣߵ԰һȦһƬҶûУ֮ǰЩӲҲˣļ綼cΣź⡣
סЩ˷ܵĴӣһ㣬㰢ȥԺסСԺӡ
ϯð⣬ڴĿϯ
ϯЦˣϷʵ㿴˷ܺˣ϶ȲҪȥء
㣬㶼üˣҲŵһôܲ죬ð㣬ȥסĵط
ϯҲ˲ûᱻﰢЦͰ͵ĿŰ㡣
ȥԲˣִɭҲȥˮˣһЩػݺȥ˳æ緹ϯϯȥСԺӣȺȾƼ˸š
ȥϯסСԺӣȻϯϣϯϲԺӣرϲǿʯͮͮĻ䣬貣⡣
ϯҪΰʱҾͿʯɹ̫


217 ϣ

ʱҸһ޵ӣʯϣϯЦ
ϯûܾĺ⣬ͷЦӦǾఢˡ
㿴ʲôҪģȫˡϯϯ
мǷ䣬ϯ˵Ҫ˯ݣǱ߷һ޺мţԺȿ޺˯
ֻһռ䣬мûϣңϯסĲһϯסķмиϣҡ
粻磬˰ⷿһϣһ³ߴ磬ЩľϣľǽϾУʯǿѽⶼûܵǰʱҾ͸뵽Щġ
ϯӹǲջһЩȣ±Ϸ紵ǴҲȷ磬ɵ˶վͲС
䣬䣬ϯܲһ紵һͻ᷸ҲΪķ䲻мȴ˵ԭ
ǰǼ䷿ûиϵģǺϯҶȥȥġ
ϯ룬ãͰհ˵ģϡ
鷳㣬뵽Լӣһ챻÷紵ٲ͸鷳ûβ
ϣܱûҪá
ϯͷԸȾȥˣˣһ³ߴ磬ٸ𣬸Է˵ϣҪĺá
ʵϯҶľϣľľׯϵľϣǹײײõģľҲǹײײĵľϯﲻãӦرϯ岻ãÿβҪȥſ·һΣ͸Ӧ
¶໨ӣҲϯײĵľϣӲרײĵľ
Ⱦȥˡ
ϯϯȥһСԺӡ
úõһԺӣһ˴⣬ϯüⶼסˣ᲻᲻ã
ãк󴰻أ˵Ǻݵգȣ¶ȸߵȥţһ죬ָգһҪԺӶء
뵽СܵİãϯʱЦˣˣϲˣۼȴƫƫûһºˣϯϣ棬ԺгԲˡ
ϯ蹻СʱϯҷּңᵽڵСլӣǸʱϯ蹻СӤ֪ʲôˮʱѡ˰Ե


218 һ

ϯ蹴Щ֪ʱԺûյطңһĹջӵʱ᲻ÿһֱû
ܶ˴ϯ蹵Ժӳϯϯȥطϯ徭һʱĵѾöˣ˰·Ҳûöۡ
ֱ̫ͷϣԽԽʱϯϯȥСԺЪϢ
̺˺ϸģһһ޵ӣϣϯϢֱ˴ϣ緹ϯ˯һ
㣬˵³Ǻӣ³ң˵ҲǴ£᲻֪ͨ󷿵֪ϯƵŻ
ϯ󷿵ˣϣҪǳϰѵеİﺦҲôһӣһӶҪħʲôҲɲˣһһﲻ֪˶ٳ˶ᡣ
Щ꣬ΪĲ˶ٿ࣬мΪʡӸβʡԼãСС͵İܣԼ⣬ԵһⶼҪ£ȴҪװһЦĳԡ뵽һЩϯĶǶԼ˵ΣԳϾ͸ӵԹޡ
ʱ߸˵һˣ󷿵ƻ顣
ϯ˵ˣȰңãǨ磬ȹ˶ں󣬰᳣ϵõһЩѹԶٷϵ϶Ҫ󷿵һģϾһֵܣ˺ɱϸάֵ黹ά֣ȻĸֵܶϣԺ󣬻ô⣿
ϯСԴƵŶ֪ˣ㣬ҲϰȵģȴһҲﰢúýӴǡ
˵ǣһдϯһˣܹһˣ˺ֵҲܶϾϵЦȥгޣɶʹ󷿲δй𣬲Ǵ󷿵۸ռһЩ˶ѡ
ϯš
ϯ֪ϯҴҲϯϯҶȸıˣϯֻͬϯ͸֪ϯҲ֪ɵµҩϯָͬġ
Щ£ֻϯһ֪ϯͬϯﶼš
Ϊϯﲻ뱻ﰢ֪Ҳְϯֵͬ˽ӣ͵˳֪צ£밢֪֪ĿΪ֪ԽԽΣգѰΣ֮
ԣϯٺ޴󷿵ˣҲάűֵܹϵֻǶҲûô󷿵ռһıˡ


219 Ϊ

磬Сչޣһϯԣһչ޵Ϻϯȡ
ž²˼ڵİӣһ緹ͺŪ˹ȥ
磬ӺʹִɭԲˣϯ˯󣬺ͰԺι䣬ϯȾƼȥ˴
ûڣϯ˾ȥ
ϯӦ˰ҪһӣûʵӣȾȥ˲ԶϵһҲׯ
ӣԭҼϰ˵ޣϰ˲ԸЩˣүʱϰ˾˳ֽӽү
˲ׯȾϯ
֮˶࣬Ⱦĸǽж
ȾƼôˣǲүʲôԸ
ûվãƹۼĿǣϳͳһεȾƼ
ȾЦүûԸֻСϣûʺ޵ӵӣҳһЩõóСѡ
ȾδϯݣֻƺС㣬ƹΪǳһλС㣬ϯ̬ȹĲˣȥ̨棬ѡƥõӣһһڿϯѡϸ»ʺ޵ӳС㣬㿴ûϲĻɫҪûУūȥҡ
ƹóĲϣӡĸ߼УɫرƯϯһϲֻ뵽ӦҪϯʯϯʵƹ񣬡ûдɫӣţɫˮɫĶС
Уֻǣʣ²ˣֻһ鲼ͷƹЩΪˣôСһ鲼ͷС㿴ϡ
óҿ
á
ƹӦתͰѹʮƥµһŲͷ˳ڹ̨ϣȻзһŰ׿ˮɫͷݸϯС㣬ôСһ鲼ͷ޵ӶҪС㻹ѡeɫɡ
ϯùͷϸĴУϯʮ⡣
ţӲϵȳС
ּһ鲼ͷû覴ã͵ͷţӲֻСЩȥֻʺЬӣǶ޵м䣬Ҳá
ϯһͷ뵽޵Ҫô
ȻƵһŲͷͷ
һǺӣϵȵĳУʮ黹࣬ĿСֻӣдɫģҲӡģɫһеĻɫ


220 ܾ

ϯ￴۾ð⣬ڣĴӲͷƿƹ񣬡Щͷʲô۸ҪȫˣܱܲһЩ
С㣬ҪЩͷ
ƹв˼飬С㣬ʲôʱϡͷţЬӣǶƥƥĲȥǮĻƵġ
ϯȻһЦţֻҪ۸ʡ
ƹ֣ϯﲻǶ棬Ҫ
͵Щͷԭ˶ڣóȥȻСҪȫ߰ɡ
˼ǲҪӣȫ׸
ƹôǶС㣬˵ͷҪƥϣҲҳСҪӰ
ƹһõĴ಼ѲͷȻӄeĵطַҳ˶ʮϵȴ޵Ĳͷͷú󣬵ݸһԶСˣС͵ȥ
Ⱦȴ˹ûͳŹ䡣
ƹû˵ʲô
ƹһֱΪȾƼţϯǳС㣬СҪͷƹֺǺǵʰһѣϯﲻ֪ƹ룬Ⱦ˲ͷ󣬾ʹӻͳһӵݸƹ
ƹһ㶣ŵˣСĪɷūһЩͷѣūĶҪСӡ
ƹҪſˡ
ҽӰ
ȾСҪͽţʲôۣʲôۣȻһЩͷ׸С㣬Ҳˡ
°ɣС㲻ռ˱ˡƼҲ
ƹŽӡ
ϯһӣͷãȴֵǮƹֻϯӣʣ룬Ҹϯ
ϯʱƹ񻹲ĵʵС㣬Ҫū㰲
ˣһ߾͵ˡ
ϯﲻǷһƹ飬ܾˡ
˲ϣ˾ͳС·ȥ
ڿҪʱ˾Ȼźɫֱ֣׺壬ýȵĹ
۾ϴȻһϯС㣬ɰס
ɿıϯͿҪ嵽ϯǰʱƼѸϯǰ棬ʲôҼС㡣
ɲɲļʱûײƼϡ
ˣŭѵһܳС㲻ɣֻǾúϯСԵ֣˵仰ѡ
˵ţϯϯС㣬Ե֣ڰ죬ûм㣬û뵽ɽˣȻˣסһլӣ⸽ûϯ˼Ұ


221 

ϯҲʮ⡣
ǰװһӸɵĹϯе£Ǻɣ⡣ֻشʻҼҲ⸽ס
ûңȷʵסͲһˡ
Ȼ£ûҪһİˡ
ûʲô˷ܵѵȥȲɣӳȥתһ¥¥滹һǿһߺȲ裬һͺϵҰѼӣҪǲȥȲ裬ȥﻮô˵һһ滹˵鳪Ϸء
ι˵ڵ̯ģҼС㲻ϤҪȥȲֻѽƼһǿɵһŹ񣬻ӲӬһֵ߿߿eҼС㣬ҼСɲʲôˣôܺȥ档
ƿϯ첽뿪
һߣ׷ȥһˣƾʲôСС㻹ûܾأô֪С㲻Ըҳȥ档
Ҿ֪ڵ̯ģҼСԶһЩeչߣ˭֪ʲôⰡʲôĿģһڵ̯ģȴĸһҴүƵģǲΪĹһЩͳɹүˣҸ㣬㴩ٺãҲһڵ̯ġ
빴ҼС㣬ޣ߰ɣٲˣڲҼС㣬ҾһȭͷԴ
ƼѹһĲֵȭͷвĳ˻ӣĹֱţǿⷿѲˣ׬СǮȺȲֵһѾָұ֪˭ǡ
ȥȥȥԶ˭˭ֻҪҼССƼӲӬӿѹһһࡣ
ϯһЦǸƼЩֱڿ죬˵Ķԣǲ죬ҲȥȲ軮ˣһ£ˡ
ϯﲻôϲ񣬾ùһΣꡣ
ˣɲཻ
Զˣ죬סһ뵽Ѿߣۡ
С㣬˲ʲôöڻѻ˵ʲôڵ̯ĻⷿѲµģߣ˭ŰҴүⷿѲ£Ҳᶪ۵ȥſڰڵ̯
ҿģ뻨ƭСȥȲ裬˵ȲӣС֧ء


222 ƭ

С㣬ԺҪԶԶġ쵽ſʱƼĵĶϯ
Ƽϯ꣬ϯСᱻĸƭȥʱϯ£үǵðǼ˵Ƥõ¯ȥ첻ɡ
ϯӵˣǸǧ㣬͸İߣƼ죬ˡ
ܵƼĹģϯﻹǺܸлģ˵ϤˣҲһȥȲ軮棬ҳʲôˡ
ԶԶԣūûϸ
ˣլӣֱȥСԺӡ
һͷϣһ·Ⱦûһ¡
ϯ򿪰óǿˮɫͷѡһĻɫϣŵһߣ鲼ͷҪӣؼȥʣµĲͷŹˡ
ҪңͲȥġ
Ѳͷ°ãԸƼŹ
ƼС㣬ϵӦľϻˣСЪЪţǹȥһ
ϯԺֺھľϣԺľм׷ɣƮĵǣϯľмȥ˺԰ͤϼԲˡ
ϯȥԺһۣľ̫󣬾ûнȥȥ˺԰
㣬ˡ
ԶԶģϯͿϯӰϯ˵ĺһҲеܳͤ
ϯЦˤˣһ㣬ʲôȥͤǡ
ϯȴ˷ܵĵ㣬ҼǺϻһСӦԭõģ㣬ȥòã
Ữ𣿡
ϯЦĵ˵󰢵ܵԴǶỮô棬һŻﰡ
ϯ˷ܵСʱ£ҡˡȥ߰ɡ
ϯ֮ǰȥ棬סˣϵͰںΣա
ϯŵһЩһ϶ᲡϲòԴӶϸЩ
ϯ󰢵һڴӣҲûܾȴһ䣬̫·ݣˮˮҪСĄeȥ
ϯŵͷ֣شӦһСģ֪ԼˮȥỨöӣðﵣģ㣬ģҾںϿ
ˣ㣬ȥȣվ棬Ͳµȥˡ
߶ĳ߶ߵˣվ˱Ҳ¡


223 ¢

ϯЦŴӦŴ󰢵ܣȥ棬ԶһֱڹעϯϣŮˣŮչ˴ӣͷˡ
߰˿˶ˣϾָӼ¢ˮ࣬˵ﲻ¢˵׻ˮ
һĶأ¢Ҫʱ䣬ü¢ʱַԸִɭ˸ȥ˼ʯשʯש¢ժˣһŶ͡
¢һ룬ʯҲֻһС룬ɫˣʣµĻˣϾ͵ʰʰؼҰɡ
ַԸֺʹɭǽվסѡһӣб죬һǽϽãУСԺмľڸɻϹȥһҪ꣬ǽϾͱҹˣһȥ·¥ᶩһϯ͹ϣ㼸ľԷ
ǰ鶼źãֶֺʹɭһźŮӣһѾǻȥ
̫̫ūģʹֺʹɭڣūǰ첻¡
û£ǶϯʱֻͼˮȥƣֻҪȾƣͲ¡
Ȼڴ󷿵ȥľׯϿľʱֺʹɭûмʱ߶ˣǴֺʹɭԣûоūŵı֡
һǱϯͬвǸշּңϯͬϯҵӣݱϯͬߣڴִɭﻹǰϯֵͬɶүһ㾴أŻһʱϯͬвûмʱ֪ͨˡ
֮ϯҴ󷿵ˣľׯӣԼׯƵģׯļѼͼ֪ϯҴ˶١
ֺʹɭһҿԡ
ҲֻԴ󷿵ʱŻˣԶһĶңҲǾľ̺
Щ꣬ׯô༦ѼģжĲҲһֱ˿ģйײõľͷҲ˿ȥײ̣˿ĿҲʡ˲£Ҳʡ˲ӡ
ԣϯͬϯ̫үūţ᲻ýǸϳȥͬʱҲûйҲп͵ķϣׯϸɻ
ֻҪûд˵Ĳ룬ֺʹɭԶˣĹģϾ̫үˡ
ƲƲ죬Ͳ֨ﻹЩԹִֺʹɭӲģȻҲɴ󷿵һһȥׯ￳Ҳûϯͬͨ


224 ò

һ˻صң̱ˣ˸һЩİӣϴϴȥ˯ˡ
ϯû˯ҳߺУҹϯһ޵ӡ
׿һ׶ˮɫͷϯķΣȻһӲӵĴʯ鲼ͷͷ˻ɫĴͷ棬Χɫ˿ߣһȦ٣棬׺һɫĻǶ䣬ۼ
ڶգҲ³һϯﶥһ˫Ȧ߳һû˯ãǲ̫ˣҪվͱȥˣҲȥ㰢ˣ˵ǽȰһֶȥӺӹȥʣµĻꡣ
ϯﲻ֪£ϯͬճʱû˵Ǿǳ֮
ϯҲãˣһǾʰЩϸСֽ͵û£ϰҹһ޵ӣЩ˯һʱٰ֮ʰ
Ȼʰʱĵ˯š
ϯһƣ۵ӣĶŮٰæʰ죬Ҳ࣬ò㶯֣ȥ緹ȥú˯һ緹ٺ
뵽һ˹ҾߣҲ֪ŮϢãοүսС˹ɻһ˭çײĴŮô죿
Ͼ͵ռ˶࣬㻹Ǵ˱죬ȥǱϢ
ǱլӴ󣬾˸ɻҲϯ
ϯһǷҲУȥԸƼ죬һЩ飬ý˶࣬Ҳһȥˡ
ϯͬһ磬ȥװƻټϽҸˣһ죬ô˾㹻߼ж
ϯ룬ݺȾˣʰϸ
ıӣռңһҲⲻ˻̫࣬һ˭ӣ˳ʲôò
ϯȥʱ˴һױ죬ӡ
װıСӣеνг͸ʮƥϺ˲εȹƷˡ
Ҳһӡ
˰ѼӶϯסСԺ


225 ˶

軹ϯ̫̫СүðƸͼױһЩ̫̫ϸ֮̫̫½ռ˶̫ңסǰùС㣬ͽˣūӻҪɻȥ̫̫¶ˡ
Ҫ˵ϯϵС֮ģȾ֮
ʱ˶ӣһţΣЩӵ£Ҳû
ܶ˼ҰʱᶪҶĶǹضϺϯδѣԼãҲûʲô
ϯҶӣŸչĺһЩϯĸŮǮ࣬һۡ
¶ǰܺá
ϯһҹû˯һ۾ƼŸ̺ôϯȲĵ˯Ƽһۡ
ϯʱѾ磬ϯͬѾζ͵ļҾߡ
լ߼ҾͦȫҲȱһЩϯ޺Σһװ˳ɾɵİ˹
ϯԺϻûãĶϯͬȷϯסԺ
ϯͻСҪϯͬס꣬Ժʱš
ϯ蹺ϯƽʱ鼮ϯͬ鷿Ķ̫࣬ʮӲװ꣬ıϸƷƷҲװ˼ʮӡ
磬ϯͬڸ¥򵥵ϯϯȳԣȻѾǳԣִɭһȺľһԺԷ극ɻ
輸ˣһ磬ʣµĻˣȻϯＸһæʰϯͬ͹Ķ
żӣʰǱߡ
ϯ︺ʰϯͰ蹵鷿ϯͬ鷿Ϊ̫˱Ҫϯûв֣Լʰ
磬ϯͬϯĶһĻݺȾ
ЦĵС㣬Ķū澶ˣ̫̫˵ˣϣСסٻؼгˡ
ϯֺͼѾһʰԼ
ϯĶ٣ǳͳϰ͵лһѣ⼸ԼĶΪðĶ˶һʱϯ·䣬ʰˡ
ݼѾߣֺǺǵĸѡ䣬ȥʰԼĶˡ
ϯСԺĸ᷿һϯ巿պϯﶫˣԸĳɿⷿ䣬ȾƼѾһסһ


226 Ա

ģ󣬾һֱߣԺҲסԺ
С㣬Ҫԣһǳɡ
ϯҺԺֵĲˣڵģ輸˳ԵլһЩڵĲˣֻǶ
ܲعϵȣֻпȥԡ
ϯȥ˵һʲôǾʲôȽ٣Ǩϯʱ򣬴ٺúôԴһ١
ϡЦǺܣﻹ˵ūȥһСóԣҲ֪ղԵСУܲҶӡ
ƼеıӰЦһԻᵽԣ˭
˰ϯͬˣһĶϯͬӺϯϯ蹵Ͷõıϯ޵ӵƷ
ϯͬ˵һױ˯ãģ㰢ﶼˡ˵ǼûʲôڼȰȥð켸Ȼôһ౦տյģˣҲЦ
ּʱϯҶһڼŶʲôĶûзֵϯͬˣϯͬһ˷ֵõӺׯ⣬һ˼żͱϳġ
֮󣬶һֱĽͰ͵ģǮȥðڼԣŶֻȹһûС
ϯͷȷʵӦð켸
ϯĬĬԼӣð١ͻȻһط۾ݳһطרģ֪𣿡
ðȥԶϯͬϾϲǸط֪ǰ㰢ʱȥһư͸㰢㰢ϲˣ㰢ǰҪǻưľͷᡣ
˵ϯͬЩ䡣
ҪţҲڻᱻ󷿵۸
㲻Ҫ룬ȥľ͹ȥˣǵǰ㿴ǼһլˣլԶˣԺǵҲһһõġϯĵСȰŰ
ŴŴģϯͬģ˲һͿ
ǰǰǻǰõ飬ǰԣûΪ޶˵ĿɽԺıԼԼΪһôΪ޶ڷ絲꣬κ۸


227 

ϯͬţŮ񣬾͸۰ˣģ˼룬ǰԲǽ˻㰢Ժ󣬰úñǣǳԱů
޶Աůסһլӣϯͬϣ
Ȼլӵӣǽģܹϣֽһ󲽣ϯܸͬˡ
ϯﱾٻȥ뵽Ͱڼңģûڡ
ϯͬ˺ϯżѾߣȥʰϯͬƷ
ʰˣҲˡ
СУ͵ģʮֺóԡ
ϯֶһӳԶˣˣŵͼѾ߾ȥ˺԰ɢʳ
С㣬ԺҲҪյƹǣҲ̫ڡƼ
ҴԺͷϼյƻ߹ҼƯĵ滭ŸʽĻϣ˻ѵϣϳɢҲĨڣ԰͵ϵĻ
ϯЦӦ
ϯҶ˴լӣЩأЩҲǸԺ˭棬˵ûأûɾҪЦ
Ƽū֪һ½ū죬ūһƯƯġ
ãǾͽˣһ磬ȥֳܲɵģҪûֳɵģͶһϯ˵ţ˿԰Ȼˣģϯ֪լӵĺ԰ж
԰ôͤȣԣв˵ǱߣмСԺͷٲҪϼյʮ򡣡
ˣʮࡣСԺӣһ԰ټϼԺӣʮ̫ˡ
ͼһȦϳԵʳ˲٣ӲܣϯͼѾ߾ʹݡ
ڶһ磬ϯҶʽҲǨӡ
һƼͳȥˣϯȾݰլⶼɨһ飬żӺʹִɭȥ⡣
յϯϯͬ˾¥ӻˣ˵Ҳã輸˶ղ˵ͳɡ
˻ӾæɱɱѼæ緹һЩ˿һϴİͷ˶ұһ١
ճ극ϯ͵õϢ˵ϯͬϵˡ


228 ڼ

ϯæѾǣſӭӡ
ֻϺڣȴϯͬ
ӭȥأǲǻжûа
ˡЦ㰢˵Ŀ˶࣬ݶ౦һڼûУտյģ˼˻Цⲻû£ʹߴ㽪ϳֳȥˡ
ϺϯͬðҵӺϯͬдǣϯլҲȥ֪ϯһˡ
ϯͬĻᱻЦΪ棬ֻôҴȥгһİڼ
ھгϯͬʱʱ磬˻ûţϯͬʹߴϣ˰ѶóһɾȥҪСģeˣⶼƷ˲򡣡
Ȼ󣬻ι嵥ϣƷӣпգ㽨һⷿ˱ЩƷҪǼڲᡣ
ϯͬôϯҵĶүϯҲһЩҴĹأһЩ£ϯ֪ͬϯҹʮ꣬ȻҲ֪һЩƷҪǼӣⶫ˻߱˿͵˺Ū˶֪
պõӣϯʰȥӲôˣҲȥһ·׼ӭӿˡ
ţȻطϯͬѹסϲģȻ˫۶ϵ·޵·ܺÿеĸӣͷֻӣǰģ
ţҲǣǺӣ˵ǵĸٴӻЦⲻΪ˸͵ӶҪˡϰһۣȴ̵ġ
ϯͬĿϵĳϣţӺãأԺҪϣҪ̫ѹ󣬲ģ˼ҶôԺҪϰߴЩΡ
ϳãϰΪθɻþϺٴָʲôġ
ǰϯͬĽ̵Ҳ˽ȥףΪһŮãҲһЩıˣȻٸǰȥֻʱ䳤ˣūŶᾴ
ϯͬ˵˼仰󣬾ʹҴһȥѡ
ȥ˳ȻǴӾ¥ĳӣĲ˿ζ϶ͷһΰôϯЩţܵĲϯ⣬Σǲġ
ϯָѾǰϯͬİڼóøɾһһøɾڵ౦ȥ


229 

ϯͬһʮڼһʨӣһԱƿһ໨ɳϸư
ϯڳסʮ꣬Ҳѧ˼һЩöվڶ౦ǰһϸϸȥȻһڼУа˼ƷʮһǼٹŶʮͨİڼ
ϯͶ֣Ѱ˼ƷŻԺҲһŶ౦ܴܲðˣԺȴһûУЩȥԺðš
ͨڳѾǶûɡ
Ȼϯֽ౦İڼƶһλá
һЩٹŶɫĻưѤʵĲƿУЩͨİڼͲڼٹŶΧ˽ŵһۣ౦ʱͻᱻмɫĻưƿסĿ⣬ɿˣ̵۾ۣǰһƬۻҡ
ںúӿڵݣҴС㣬żҵˣյſڡ
죬ƼԺ׼ˮģݣȥ̫̫̫̫СˣȾǰԺ̺ˮǰԺûѾ̺򡣡
˻̫ˡ
ĺͽ캣ǻ켣ˣ̺ˮȥſӭӿ˵Ҳã̺ˮϥȴʺǡ
ϯ룬һҲǰԺ˶ˣȾһæ
Ժ·ϣƼЩյո뵽ģӦøүٽ輸ùæģԺвѾ߶ྐྵӳء
źˣҲæĹòҶǷү顣ϯ
Ƽգգۣ뵽һˣС㣬ôҪæ
⵹һð취һˣһֻǣϯ￴ҪôҰֶһѾߣ
˵ү¡Ƕүˣϯ̫̫Ҳ֪һһӦϯ̫̫Ҳġ
æ˵ɡֲɵӣһεİʱðô͡
ƼҪ¶棬ڲҰݲˮҲʡٹأݲˮĹܺãֻȾһ
̫ί񡣡ѾߣڲרŸҵĿݲˮöί
ҪæұˣҺұһæģæĹ񣬻ǴСߣбСܰɡ


230 ƻľ

տ˶࣬󷿵˺ùüҵ˶ڰߣŻġ
æˣ̺ˮ
ĶϤˣ˭֪ӹĲã˶𰡡
ţΰǨ磬ȷʵҲȥ򼸸ѾߣˣȻܲһֱʹѾ߰ɡ
Ⱦˣûġ
ϯƼٻԺƼӣҪѰ˼䱦϶౦ϯҪڣȥҰķ
С㣬౦󶼿ţƼİڼֿտյĶ౦󣬲СǺ⣿
ϯ⼸Ǻöȥҵ˭һСˣͿϧˣˣȥҰķ¹ͷe档
ǡ౦ÿţƼȻŲÿö˼һ˵ϯҶһĹŶ
ϯˣˣ˭֪Ҽӹôαشء
ֵϵ۾ɼأЩ֪ô룬ΪԺʡ鷳ЩҲܰڱϡ
Ҳ֪ôȥһˣԻ⼸
ҪǱϿˣҪߣҪߣͳӣɴˣҲöš
ɲòŵ
ƼϯСĽҲٶ˵ʲôæӿϷһͷϣȻŴ¹ͷһס
һкƼȥ˲ңһǰһԸ߼ϣϯȥװ˼ӵĸɹϡ
հںãԺﴫŲϺ̫̫˵
ϯæӭ˳ȥ밲á
Ӵ˴լӾǲһˣ񸣵ģһҴСɣ治
̫̫һеȥ
ã̫̫۾תţĴһȦúܴ󣬸еļҾ߶УһѻƻĹñΰףرۣ̫̫΢Цͷ޵Ӳƻľϯүðģ
ԭסµģҲӣҲûǮ˲١Цţ̫̫һѿ¡
̫̫ƻľٱˣҲûϰӡ
үû˵ȷʵ֪Ӷӣûǻƻľӡ


231 ͨ

һãûùöĶϵá
Ҫ̫̫˵ֻһֱ֪
̫̫Цˣҿʲô£ϯү⣬ҲãҲ̫ġ
ָ౦󣬡ôһƷûУ
ûüð졣ϰЩգԼûǵߵĶ౦Ѿ߰үİڼǰԺ
ҲӦðڼġ
еգ̫̫Ǻͨΰ̫ˣû׼ãҲȽϯˣȥ౦ɲһֱš
ţãүҲ˵ˣȹ˶ȥһЩڼϲ˼˵ϯͬİڼڴݡ
ʱƼǰΪǵ˲ˮŻϯҪȥ档
Ż˵ڿ٣һڣȴȥԺ￴˵ΰңԼֵһСԺס
ͣн̫̫ǳ棬ֻӴ̫̫ǣСֻҪĸȻСӴȥ
ϯյ񣬾ǽӴŵСǣΪСǰĵطǻԱߵͤ
³ǻڣžջζҷ˱Ƕˡ
ϯﾭסŻľpŻ࣬Ӻ԰ȥסСԷ
ϯΪԼԺӣȡ֡
ȡܣΪԺȡСԷϯЦõǣϯϯֺ֪Ҳ׷ΪԼСԺȡΪʯԷ˾ӡ
ϯͬЦΪԼԺȡһԷ֣ΪסԺһϹ
ֻϧûŲ𻨵ζ
ѽҺ԰治СкأºˣҿˣԺ㲻ȥףֺǲ԰ӣֵģ϶ֵģһ˼Ҷں԰ֲˡ
쿴ȺƯ滹˵Ҫˣ϶ܺܺãҮϻСȥ洬ɡ
һ·ϣŻãԼ۾ϯҵլӻִֺ󣬱ҵĺ԰ƯˣҾû
滮ûȥ湫԰档
㣬ղУһһýӴǣȸհɣҼңһ㻮ϯŵ
ŻЩСʧ뵽ϯҵģԺҪ棬ֻҪϯУûӣʲôʱʲôʱ棬ȥ԰滹㡣


232 СԷ

ŻЦˣûΪϯãһΪҿĻ㻮ġ
϶㡣
˵ţ͵ϯСԷ
ŻһţͿ֦ҶïʢϧڹˣȻһʢһƯ
ȫʯ壬ǱˮϴˣɸɾһȾһ£һľΣ죬Żգգۣʵⲻǰõװɣ
ϯЦŵͷףҲ꣬£լ̫ϧˡ
լָϯҶլָϯҴסǸլ
Żһլûסȷʵܿϧż꣬ⶫûɵĿ죬ֻǣԺô죿
ľͷɾסˮ࣬أľͷͻḯá
ϯͰȥԺҪһΣĲˮ࣬ףͷŵúˡ
һԭסµΣľϱ׺ã£᲻û
˵ţӣŻൽһȦƲƲطǺܴ󣬾̫ªһЩ
̫æˣкܶණð죬ȹʱͺˣúö
ãһҪԣŶˣҺûǣղԶԶģҲûϸˣҪˣҵöЩûؼҳԣҿɲ
ŻǣЩ˷ܣϯЦŵͷˣ˲٣ʱһٲġ
Żֿ
һȦÿһӶι۹һϯŻַȥá
ãϯͼҵ˶ˣһЩլھҲˣϯæǰϺĸ밲æֵúӣſɲžһ帾ԺţȺһС
ĶŮ
ϯЦŵǳȱٲáֵţҼլӺܴ󣬺ö෿䣬ĸϱؼңסҺͰǺúùһլӡ
ãס£ֻסһϣٹǶڣŻҪؼ׼ء
һΣϺʹĴӦϯҪ
ǰլС䲻סÿϴϱŮŮ棬ǴҴҴߣΪŮլСס£Ů鷳


233 ײ

ںˣŮү˴լӣ࣬˶Ҳסˡ
ϯŵĻش𣬺ǸˣȻϴкõСǣȥͤ档
ͤѱ˲ˮ̺Ƽ̺ͤŻƼһѾæԸԼѾȥƼ
ϯˣ͸Żл
ŻЦǽãлʲôȥҼ棬ҼֲҲôǹϵ˿Цǡ
ھӣһļңżң׼ңܼң³
³ҵĹﶼˣͳޣŮС꣬ûܼûŮĶСӣֻп׼ҴλϯµС
״С㿴ϯҺ԰ʮĽ⻨԰ƯֵĶǾջһƷְɣ·ݿһΣ·ݿһΣڻܳ඼͵ջĽ|ġ
㣬լûٻӰɣ˶ڴ˵󲮼ǧӣǲд£ѵլӾǧģ
׶С״аĺʵ
Żŭʲô󲮼ӣ󲮼ҵӣֻûرԼӣϯڳ£ɲܺ˵
ײڨڨĵֲһ˵Ҳ۷׷ףźһ졣
˶˵Ҳţڰǰ£ЩʲôӣҲ֪ϯҴ󷿵ѹҵģҲԺֻɲҪ˵ˡŻݺݵһۿײ¡
ײֻȰСһ꣬ȴٲ֪°㣬ϲ˵һЩ˼ҲĻŪ²̨
Żϯĺãֱϯһֱϯﵱð㿴Ȼ̿ײ·ϯҵĳš
ϯЦЦĿſײ£ȷʵǧģЩӵȻҰѽһӣû취ҼҵԽԽ࣬һСլס£ȦĵطûУֻýլӣǿլӺãִƯҼһǷһӵծء
ײ¾͸ضڼˡ
ǼլִƯĽϯԼһСԺסһʱ伵ˣͿڲ˵
֪Ưլӵıϯһһծ򲻻ҿڡ


234 

״Сײϯ˵ˣҴǸҲ֪˵ǲԣ˵˵ҲĻһ£Ҫﻹ
˵ˣϯﻹ˼ײµοϯҴϲӣײϯҵĿˣϯҲþ˼ҲţҲΪײһ仰ʹÿ׼Һϯ֮϶
ϯЦû£ûҲ֪ϲϹҥԣ˵ˣҼ䣬Ҳûʲô֮飬Ҳ
ξͱϯ赭дļ仰ˡ
״СмĿһϯǷ˲ծԺʲôѣȥңֻҪܰæģһ
˼ҵĺ⣬ϯȻƣæͷӦˡ
ȻҲ˼ҵĿ棬ѣҲĺƤ󵽿׼ȥ
ײ±Ż˼󣬻ˣҿڣŻĻͶ
Ż˵Զײڣڵģ͵ûңҰ㣬ɲ侮ʯʲôģʲôѣѣǰһѣѣ˼Ҷ˵ѩ̿Ǿѩ̿Ҳֻ侮ʯ
ײæӦͣ˵Ķԣżӽ̵ĺãԺҺͶҲøѧϰ
ǣ˵ĵҰпգͻ˵һѣڱ۾ܱϼΡ
Ż̧̧°͡
ϯ֣ĸŮǻ죬вסرŻ࣬˭ϲ˵ͣ
ʱϯᰣϯãϯϣӨӨϲ߹
蹧С㣬λСλСˡ
ý㣬ý㣬ãӨӨ㣬ϲã㣬ǶˣͤѾ߼˲Բʣˡ
ƳŻ༸ˣϴͨһϲ̨ˣ̧̧°ͣһ˵ôˣһʲôģѵ㲻ȥһ𣿡
ð㲻˵ҲȥءͤȷʵСＷʮ
ͿŻ˼˼ˣýñüȥΧһߣҪҪһȥ
ˣǾˣȥɡŻҡͷ
ϲϯҴ󷿵С㣬Ҳϲϯãһ˫˫ۿ˵͵񣬵Ȼϲһȥ档


235 ˵ǰͷ

Ż໹Ƽȥɣ̺ǾС
ŻѾߡ
ײҲдң߲ȱ̺ƼȥûѾߣʱʲô£ʹ˶ûС
ǿ׼ҽôѾߡ
ϯҲͲЦӦ˶˵ĺ⡣
ϯż۾ͷϣǿ׳ýúͱȥ˻ɢͻ
ûأָŲԶȵʲôطȥǱɣﶼǾջʲôÿģҿȽĲȥߡ
Ҳȥ㲻᲻ȥɣϯۣʵ
ϯǺǣкȥǱΣգҪȥˣҿɸΡ
ϯﲻȥ棬ȥһҲȥ⼸Ů˶¾رû¶ÿζݺ
ﻻլӣҲûǰߴ󷿵˺ùüһЩ˶ﻹ֪ʲôأɵԷһ
ɫݺݵϯ⻰ʲô˼ѵôһˣվȵȥ
ǣϯ㲻ȥ˵û㣬Ҳȥϲ
Сȴ㣬һֱ֣һֱϲš
ϯϲһۣȥԱ㣬ҳ˵ǰͷȥǱ棬ҪСĵ㣬ǧeȥ·ݵˮȥˣҲġ
Ҳ˵ǶһˣȥҼǵȥ꣬ý͵ȥһΣҲԷһ
ȥ꣬ϰ٣һȥϯҴ󷿰æʱһѾ߸ڼýͱ̺ǲˮϯÿ˳ۣҪȥתһһϯһգǰ㣬ԼСĵȥȻƵġ
һΣϴһٰӣƨ|ڶа̺ء
ϯǴε£ҲڸڳļС㣬ڱݺҲ۸ȥĶ棬ȥĶ棬˵ǰͷ£ҿɲΡ
ϯöʱޣŭȥõˣôǲǲӭҪǲӭǣֱ˵߾ǣߵĻҲ֪˻ôЦء


236 

ҪҪסϯһνϯҴ󷿺Ͷ£滹˰˼֪˺ˣڲάѣǽղϯҪߣ˼ҼˣҲΪ˻ûͺá
Ļǰʱ䴫ĹˣϯҵҲĲˣϯҶٲãҲȴ󷿺öˣ󷿵ϸ¿Ǵٳţݳǵ˲ٲ෹ĵġ
ϯǳϯã˵ʲôأҵǨ磬ǵȻҪٻȥ
ͳ̶ү׵ؼʱ̣ɲΪʲôõ¶£Сʧ󣬲ֵ
ϯᰰһϯãؼ
ϯþ죬ͷԹ޲ѣֲҸ죬ͺϯԹϯջ̫࣬ȥˮ£һҲӡ
ϯϯú󣬻ϯǸýͱȽϺ棬رϲˮ棬˵Ļϣȥ£ýԼСĵģҲûϣԺҲˡ
Ǻǣ·ϯ£ϯô˵ϯԼȥģô˵ȥһˣҲ򰤷ˣڲ˵ֻǺǡ
ϯˡ
ϯᰶ˵Ȼϯ˵ΣգǾͲȥˣǾڻΧߣջĲãͻ
ϯһֱСеϴϯ᰿ˣû˸ҷСƢ鶼͵Ȼ˵ͻǾͻ
϶æȥСǰɣǱϾʵݣһˣ㲻ǣԼ߾УСˣɵá
ϯ᰿ڣҪϯ֧
ϯҲúҲĽ˼󣬾ʹƼ߿ˡ
һԶϯ᰾Ͱϯõڼʱ˵ǣˣǹģ
ҪΪҲ֪Ҫʲôϯºȥˮ֮𡣡
Һͳ̼£ҪΪˣΪ㣬ǵðƤɡϯ᰺ݺвϯá
һڰ£ϳüΪ䱳ϳټǷϰǧӣ̱Ϻţǰ̧ͷ
Ϊ˰ȥϾͷѾ˼ͽ֪ҵĳ̷ˡ
òײ˳̷ˣó̷˴Ӧ˶Ů£϶һЩɫ̤϶ҲЦ˲١


237 

ϴˣϯᰵҲȸ˷ˣúöǼĽּʡ
ڣϯᰵûȷ֮ǰµľŮ»ֲ·
ԣһӣϺܹԾڼųϣ䣬ҲǰڳǫеµķȣԼһĲá
ϻԼŮһҪŮ£ɵˣɱ¶飬һ̷˶̼ҷڣǾ͵òʧ
ԭϽӵգʹ㻵£һ뵽ͳ̼ҵĻ»ûϾͲκζ
գ֮ǰϾڼﷴŮǄe£һʱ֮һź£һʱ嶯һź»㡣
ϯòżϯͺϯﲻԸٰϯϯһִųھϯá
ϯᰵľ棬֮⼸С㰲˲٣ϯʱҲûΪϯ
һϯϣϺҲͰ׵ĸ˵ʲôϱ˾ǱһƵģܳҪǲǱ˽ͷ
Ȼ󷿵˲£ƻҵǨ磬ɩ˵ʲôϵͷǣСӦš
ֱϯһˣϻһ˼Ķϯǲʲô°ôû鷳Ϳģټ
ټǴδ
ϯϸ˼뵽һ£Ӧúͳ֪йأϴڰʱϯ˵ϯҴҪϯ֪Ĵӣ̷˶ӦˣֻɽҲмˣ»ûմ󷿵˾Ͳ˰
ϯᰱ̷˿ˣȻȻɫ΢΢ףҪǳˣ󷿵˺ͳ֪ҳףֻ֮»䱾۸ǼҰɣ
»ûأɲɣһءϯ֪һܳɣϯҲϯϼ޸̶ү
ϯҴһܺͳ̼ҳΪס
£ƻˡ
ҲϯҴ󷿵֪ƻġ
Ҫôܲó̷˺ϯҴأ
ϯ˼ţӡ
Ϊһ飬ʱԴĵſϣȾһѣſǵ³
ȾĵĿôˣС㣬ǲʲô£
ţһ£ҿ϶ԼܽϯûȾǵȾתͻȥ߳룬ʱҪֵǷ顣


238 Ҫѧ

С㣬ʲô£ôΪѣȾû׷ȥʡ
ƼˣҲչ˵С㣬˶Ƥһ˵˵ܰ뵽취ء
ϯ￴ѾߣεҪ˵ˣȥүⲻǸү鷳ôүôæһˣҼС£Ͳȥˡ
أүȥء
Ŷа
Ƽ̵ȴȰ˵үڱԺˣ¶˴ܼҳүеĺء
˼ǣȥүү㡣
ϯﲻ˼
鷳˼ҰæٺƤҲ˼
ϯСԷϢȴȥ˿ⷿ˵ҪϯŰѽտ͵Ǽᡣ
ϯ׼˱һǿⷿ˱һר˱
һԸȥϯͬһձ
ݰȥģܿ˱ӡ
ϯǽͺһдȥдƣڣ
дһĿȻ
дùһӣһǼᣬдƣɫСȣһһȥ
дˣ춼ˣ۵ˣȥЩ˱ţͼѾȰȥⷿҪãҪ
ˣտյģһڼûУмöȥţǵѾ졣
⣬ڿⷿĲҪã֪ϣͬˣȥ͹ⷿĹУȻⷿ춫˵ǩ֣ͱʾպҶ˱ҾС
˼ҵĿⷿôġ
ȻЩӣȴоݣҲˡ
ϯ۵۾ˡ
ȾƼϢƽȣһҲ۵ӣϯＵʵտʼҲҪڹķǿ׳壬ԺʲôᣬҲ۵ĸһˡ
С㣬Ҫѧڹķ
Ⱦܾ˼ҵС㣬һӲǧģƽʱ޲ţţ˵ϰ䣬ǿһ£йд죬һƤıҪ
ϯС㾹ȻҪϰ䣿
ϯţᶨˣҲǣҪˣǾͱԼǿҪϰ䣬ҪǿҪ˭Ҳ۸ҡ


239 һӵĺ

˭۸ңҾʹ˭ֻܴӮ˼ң˼ҲŲ۸㣬ԣȾƼһյĶԲԣ
ȾĬƬ̣СҪϰ䣬ūҪѯүһ
Ͼǳˣϰգǳṩ书ؼûгͬ⣬ǲ̸˼ҡ
ϯҲǣһȥүүҪͬ⣬ǽϾͿʼ
ֵ˳үҴ󰢵Ҫѧˣ̵֮ܲܽҴ󰢵ϰ䡣
ʵȾĸѾߵ书ϯﶼᣬǰ书ȾĸѾ̵߽ģֻǣǰûѧᣬǵãҲиýóԣѧһ顣
ڹķǿ壬̽ϯϯܼ䣬ڹķһںá
һ磬ȾûԷȥүˣϯճ극ûȾͻˡ
Ⱦ˷ܵС㣬үӦˣӦū澼˽ϯүգֻүҲҪ˵һʼˣͲܰ;ϡ
ᣬҾԲ;ϣҲˣҲ;ϡ
ϯ˵۾Цгһ϶
ǶڣҪﰢһ׼񣬻Ҫӣź;ĸڼסһҪǹԺӣȹ˶ں˵ϰ£ȰŰ£ڣһԸ˵Ҫһϲϯ˷ܵ˵
ȾȻƻ飬ڴӦ
ϯżѾߣȥ˹ԷҵŮ춼ڹԷĿͷЪϢϯͬȥǰԺ鷿˯
ԷϯСԷҪ࣬Ҳ˼䣬˶ס᷿ϯﵽʱϺɩ˵
õĶ౦ϣѾ˼ƷϯۿһۣǺͨİڼ˵Ҳֵ߰ӣһЩҲʮӣһʯͷģֵͭ塣
Цյĺ͵ģǱҲˣǸŽѾӵշʯͷ̵ģ󷿵˵ʡӡ
УЩԩ󷿵С
˰Ǩ磬ʯͷշģһӶֵĶҲϯͬõĳ֣涼Ҫˡ
ϯûô󷿵ͳʱ˽⣬Ҳû˿Ҳ¶ˡ
ڴſڣǼǵǽᣬϯҴóʱ򣬳ϯҺͽῴҲû˿ϯҵȻᶪ
Ҳһᵽˡ


240 

ϻĲУ󷿵ˣʹûǶ˵һ£ͺ񣬶Ƿ¡
´δ󷿵˰ϲ磬ﰢҲ¾ǣ֮䣬ôǼȻҪҲܹС
ϯһ˵ϯͬ϶ҪˣڨڨƲ죬һӲĶ˼ңҿò֡
˵⻰ʱ߾ˣϯȰҪƤҪ񣬲ȻǼԺҪԺö
ϵ㣬ҵǾð˵Ķԣ֮ôһôҲͲģΪӣҪԼưͳԻԾͷ˵˼ұﻹ˵ɵӡ
˶˵Żأϯͬӽ밲
Ϊ˶ԺסϾ͸˹أպ󼸸ŮǶԼСԺԷڻӣҾһԡ
Ҳ˷ʳظӳԡ
ϣϯһԼСԷõķùݺƼԼԷ
Ȼ鷳˺ܶ࣬ймҹ棬ûйأɷԲ˹أպ˰չ£ŲңŻƹܡ
ϯҶҶһգϾ͸Ĺء
ϯͬӸϹһ󣬾͸ϣ磬Сھ¥ϯһ̳ʮŮ죬ĸһ
úúãҲþûôˣʱ㼸˸úúȼ
ϻϲĿŮԽԽ⣬ŮİţҲʮָˡ
ŮԽˣͱʾŮŮĵλԽߡ
꣬ȻûŮŮûˡ
ԷŮ࣬ϯͬҲö˵˼䣬͸뿪ȴ
飬ȥ԰档
ЦǸȥ˶࣬Ҳ˲԰磬ǾͰլӶιһ顣
ιլӣϯҲͬԣϻǣС蹵֣˼˼ϯм䡣
һȺţһԺӰι۹ȥͤһСϻصȥ˲˵һȦ
ϿֱͷЦſޣֵĺãڳҪյ𣬻ӣûӵ˼ң춼Ҫ䣬ӶˣҪӵĵطֻ࣬Ůһ׬ǮڼܸŮʡһһɲִܴŵĺҪŮ׬ӡ


241 С蹵Ŀ

ǸˣʮˣһƬ˵ֺˣҲԣʡȥ򡣡
ũͳ˵뷨ǲһ
ˣƬ˵غǱĵҪжжҪϯ֮ǰ;ǣ϶䳰ȷϯҶһ١
ϿƬ˵أ뷨ԯޣϳ޲ҿǺҲСŮȥЩȥˣȥ̼㼸вոһŹûɲУԶԲ
Ƭ֣ϸˣǰϲƬ֣ԺҲȥˣ㶼Ԥ㣬ɹˣԾгԡ
ֲҲͰðѺһĶĲ˵ظڵˣֻϧڴӹˣֻܵȶա
ЦӦҲϲãŴ԰ģȽ˶˸ȥһЩһЩڵ꣬ڴԡ
ۣҶЩԡ
ϺĸŮ²ľͳĸ㶵һҲ岻ϡ
ϯ˼˼ϯϯ蹼ߵ˦ԶСҲĵĲֺ
Ҫǵһβιլӵϯ蹣̫˷ܣһֱϯﲻͣʣ㣬ǾһǵһμǼҳԵ񣬾ģ
ţǴӸðġϯ蹵˵
СһĶ飬ʲôҲ֪Ķ֪ʲôððģ֪ӣ񲻾ӵĺô
˵ģ϶ǶԵġ
һ棬ԭðģӵĸ϶ܳհȥһӿҵԺﻹһΣҲҪͰ簢һԺһΣůͣҾͿԺ֡
ֵ㣬ҲͰסһԺӣɲԸ˵˵Ұȥ˾סҳˣҲͰ簢һһסһԺӡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀϯ
ϯСܵԴкʮ꣬ſɰ븸ĸ꣬ء
Ҫʮ𣿡ϯƵĵૡ
ϯֻҪ㲻ͰľסһԺӣڰȥ˾סҲУôһԺӣֻаľһ̺ģܻæ
Ժס󣬲Էظˣϴ´ɨȻȫˡ


242 µİ

ǰϴһ˵·пʱȥɨϯϯסӣæﴲ̣ڣԷԺˣЩͶǸԺڵСѾ
ϯ蹺ϯ߶ֻһСˣһС̺ţæĹϯڸһӺһСˣӿţС̺򲻹ָܵһ
ϯﳤһ˶ڣҺͰȥУٸѾС˻ҲһгʹѾͷ򡭡һΣǼء
Ȼʹ
ôһլ²žŸˣ߸һԺܹ裬ӹųͲ˵أгᣬ߻ûһ̺أļҪģԣļ˻ȥǰͰøϽȥһ˻Ҳʹ˳ˡ
ˣˣԺɻ͸˾ְȻ߾һС̺ʲôһ˸ɣæȥˣҪԸʲôһʹ˶ûС
ϯҧҧ׵Ĵ㣬аһ̺͹ø
ôūŻöӰ
ǷһծѾѵģٶˣԺȴǮĶҪӣҾӺһЩˮ﹩һӵˡ
Ϊӣܸʡһһڸ
ϯϯļ򣬵ӣ㲻õģаͰأǼһһһãûӻġ
ֵԺû󷿵˺ùǼռˣǼӵ棬㹻һûʣͲ»ӡ
ϯǲСˡ
һС˵ʮأһµĽá
С蹿㣬ֿ磬粻ҪҲҪ㣬ҲɻԺԼ̴ԼԼΡҶԼ
ʱ䣬ɻȥˣô֣ϯЦĿ־ǿİܣˣ£ôˣǵŬѧϰʲô룬һаͰء
ֵˣǿǲι˳ҺأԺûӻ
ϯССܡ
С۾͵ð⣬ˣ㣬Ǹ׬ɶ𣿡
ȻǼҲιɵǧӣջ㹻լӡ


243 Ѿ

ϯԣһֱ˲ˣƮĽĴҲ΢΢оϵѹһûˡ
ϯﻹ˵լӲסˣҲⲻ˼ӣ϶ã׬ĿɱȼҪĶࡣ
ӣС蹺۾գգ
ϯ˼ŵʱһǧӣԺ˲ٹôҲֵһӣ۲ܵһǧ߰
һǧ߰ȥιɺףֻһ룬ԣСүǲõļӻ᲻ãҲýʾ֭ôʡǮҪǼ֧ŲլӣҲ
ϯ˿ļûӻá
һӵĹأ·ݳ׻ع飬ʱ򣬱࣬Ķȱӻ
û˽ǮЩӰźãҲ٣Ҳ㹻֧ҵĽˡ
緹ҵЪϢһʱ⹫ͼ˾˵ľˣϯͬǻȥ
һϯͬͷԸȥһ
ڴſʱϯͬǶڣСˣȻСҪĸס߲ɣշպĸ밢ˣ͹СסգСһɨ齻ӭҲ̷ĸ࣬ȫһƬТġ
ҵ¾סһգվ;˵ģϾ٣Ҳ٣ϯͬˣҲܿڣ˭ҹڶҪ
˺ϯһ˾¡
ϯͬһ֮ͨˣС£رǹŮӵ£кһһжϣԵרᣬûˡ
Ժ£Ҳû⣬Ż⣬ָϼ䡣
գϯͬҲʶ̫٣Ҫ˵¡
ϯͬϯܸˣٹһҲöף˼Ҫ򼸸ѾߣСһЩģʹ꣬պҲΪѾ߸ȥżңòϤѾӣ̺ĲľżҲ粽С
ɴɴδѾߵ£Ҳ֪￼ȫѾ߾͸ôСûģĹ̺ӡ
һЩ˼ҵС㣬Ǵ꿪ʼΪѡѾߣСһ𳤴ֲ񣬵ȼȥżҺߵ˲ܹΪһС


244 ϯҲҪȥ

ĺ⣬ϯûܾﻹӣҲ༸Ѿӡ
ϯСһΣҲû˵ܾС˵£ֻС蹷ҪԼȥУΪԼѡСˡ
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⡭ԥӳţ᷸ÿηĶҪһΡ
۶ӳԵĿ࣬᲻öӳԿࡣ
ɿŶӷ˫ϣð⣬ԥˣϯͬүɣһ׼Ҫһ𣬶켸㣬ϣҲֹܷ볾ȥ
㶼ͬˣǾһ˶ȥҪȥ͵̣㣬ͷҲ࣬ʱȥáϯͬ
һֱ޳ɡ
ˣϯͬȥˣ⼸æŰҰǨ£Ӻ£ȥôˡ
ϺϯóһֽʼƻżҪӵˡ
϶ҪһôˣûﲻУܹ裬ܻܲ³һ԰ɣгõĴʹѾͷҲԺרŹǿ˵أȫˡ԰ɨѾߣǼҾһ㰢Ҫãǲһ
Ҫһ
ò˶ӣһҲͶʮӣҲˣʮӾһҪ󣬺һҪϰӣһģҲҪʮӡ
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ϰҪūţϯﶼһһֽϣһϵһҪôˣ⡭ϵӹô
вأ㹻ˡ㲻ãҲ˽


245 ټ

ϯϻвأЩūţ㹻ˡ
ӣԼţԺЩͷӵ£Լ취ôûŮӡ
Ը򼸸ūţҲܶŮ˽Ǯ
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ǾȱȰ˲ȫˡϾ
ϯţӦĺܹԣĵȴ˽¸һȻһ챻ţͰŻ⳵̫㡣
ο복лԶ㣬¡
У˶ˣöȶˣѡһɹ˳Ųɹ׼һһҪƥϯﲻɵ뵽롣
֪ڱ߾һרṩ϶ǳġ
ҪҪȥǷһ飿
׻˵ʭӶ˲ǷöˣҲٲǷһ
˵ˣҲѡгѡҲġ
ϯţϾͷԸȾȥԺҳ룬óŪƥ
С㣬ү˵Ҫ͵ȥ˵ȥȾ
ϯһ㶣ҲûʲôϾˣȥҲӦã͵Ǿ͸үţ磬ȥ
һȥ룬绹ܸϻȥС
ϯô㣬ɵڶյ˱Ժ󣬳ȴ˷ˣҪ緹ſϷߡ
ϯεҴӦҰȥ򼸸ūţҰ˵ˣҵѾҪȥʧԼվҪ򲻳ˣǶڣ٣ôæĹ
ҪѾߣüƼʹĲ˳ģ
Ǻܺãأ֪ǣֽڿ죬ϸģؼΣʹĺ˳֣ҲΪ˳֣ҾҪռΪУˣܲһֱ˰ɣҪǻġ
ˣȾ˽һʱպ书¾˳Ժ䱻˿Ҳᱻ˻ʲôȻٰȾ롣
벻Ǽãٻҡ
ôУǳѾߣôһֱš
ϯɲһֱųˣȻԼʲôᱻ֪һɲڳǰ͸ġ
᲻ȾˣҲһֱߡ
ԺԼѾߵġ


246 ڹķ

ɫڳƺ㻹ңҾɱǣڲľ㲻ˣҲá
ϯɵˣĶţǲʲôʱ˵ǶҲľˣҺϲǣֻˣҲҪҡƤö񣬲ŻװѾߣ
Ҫÿɲһ
óˣ껹ȥǳˣǷһѣɰҪˣƾʲôҪ
ȾĸѾߣɲͨСѾߣǳѾߣĸѾߣǳİˣˣ
Ҫ
룬£ǾͰ㣿
㵡ϯһ𾪣Ǽ˹һ۵үûЦ
ڿЦô
񣬾㲻ЦϯŻ˾ȡ
ϯ²͸⣬Ӧ££鷳ˣҾͲ³ԷҴӦõͲʧԼԷлл
ϯҪߣûţֻҲ֪ʲôûϯҲ˲ôˣˣٲߣҪٵˡ
ȥ
ֻζô
˹ٷҳԣл񡣡Ҫ
ϯƵĿļͻȻһ뷨ܿ챻ѹȥܵģʲôˣôᡭ֮ϲԷӦһ˳Է̫µΨһһ֪˵ˡ
ϯﴹӦʲôϣҶֵ㣬Ѽţ⡣
ã⼸ˣҶԣһòϵ㡣봽̵ĸ߸ߵģóܸˡ
ϯһڡ
ˣѺ壬ģһ磬һ꣬Ҫˡ
˵Ѿվڶʮ⣬ϯƼȾͶһ˱ԺͳС·ȥ
ʱЩϯߴ˼䣬ͱϵķɿ졣
߶·رϤһ˺ü䣬ߵ·ԽԽƫƧ·ԽԽխϯڳ˽
ϯ˵ϣҾͿʼڹķԺÿʱϸ밲£һʱһʱԺÿܶʼֵףҿɲܱܡ
Գͬϯ书ȾͰڹķĿھϯϯһЩľϣ⼸ϯٳţʯԷڹķء


247 

ȾܸˣС㣬ū澻ᾡĽ㣬ѧ٣ͿԼԣֻϰһ飬ȻʼˣūϣСe
Բ
ǰܰϰ࣬Ҳһ
ء
ͻȻһҵ˻ųݺݻεһ£˶ͻײӶʧǰԡ
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С㣬û°ɣ
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ǡ
Ƽƿ˳ȥ
Ⱦϯ
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ڿΧԱһ˥䣬ụ̂ŶˣݶϵƬҲһء
İĵطٿΧʮŴ󵶵ĺˣ˶˽䱸״̬
ƼһȺˣ侲ʵ˭ǵˣŪɱǣ
һʻԷһ䶼ûأûһֻƼ
һԲ˵Ϳ
ȾƼɫ䣬ȾһӭȥƼ㻤Сߣǡ
С㣬ߣ˶ڣȾ˶áƼһ§ϯͳٵĵطȥ
棬ֻˣƼ嵽ǰһֻҲ֪Ķһѷĩˡ
˼״ʶıܿƼûϯΧ
Ƽ㲻ùңȥȾ̫࣬ϯﵣȾΣա
Ƽҧҧȴ§ϯƴӡ
ԷϯˣȾ׷Ⱦƴɵ̫࣬һĶסˣʮ׷˹
Ƽϯ񱼣ٶ˲٣ûãͱ׷ˡ
ϯƼ֣ʾȻΧĺˣ˭ģǲ˵Ҳܲµĳҵܹôһֻû뵽һЩڽǶѣԷȻҪҵǺǡֻǣҵҲôõġ
ϻɱ˵һ˵
˾𵶣ϯƼ


248 

ϯƼ˼ǰһôǻ֣뿴˲ɣ
Ǻǣ˵ϯС书ҲҪ᲻Զֶѡ
ͬµĺˣͻȻѸٳ˴̿ͣƼϯﻤΪ׵Ǹϯһ˫۾ϸϸĽϯ¶һ顣
ţĲֻ̫СˣǸأǸ˼ֱӶ֣̫Ҫˡһߴһֹ
ϯһߣô˵ӣͲҸ״
ҿɲ¡ǱβƵģһӾըëˣ۾ɵţһ󣬡Ҳеģѡ
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ϯͺ졭Ŷ죬˽мǳıֶĶӣҵү
ѣ棬Ǻݳǳү
Ҳ˷ʎӣ˴׷ɱҼֶûöԷ֡
Ϊ˱סͰŽ˳ҰеУһС졣
ϯӡҽã˻ӡһŮ֪ӡխĺ£ӡ˾Բưոݡ
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֪ϯĴںԸ½
£벢δϯϯƾУо⼸ʱһЩڰжûɱ⣬Ҳû⣬ϯҲû
Ͳ³ǳɵˡ
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ϯ￴żҪ˵ȥԷˡ
̫СҵˣôʮõűүôɵģûѴ̿͵һ¡
һ£ȫֻ¶۾ôװ磬ȴƫƫֳһӣӻһֱϯǰգ˵һĳչȭţǲģ
ϯشֺʣȻ书̿ͰΧô֣


249 ȫ

뿴жء
ϯһ߹עһȺ˴ܣһ߳۵ĳèܺȺɱֱôûڹȥñһɱ
ɲɵУӲͷƤϣʱҲ
һ㶣ȻЦ㲻Ҳֻèɣ
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Ĵָ޵ţӴǸģûŵùУѾܺˡ
һǧС㣬̿ʱŵ߲˵ǹеģͷۡ
ϯ侲վ˵Ѿü࿴
Ұҹĳ˺һٵŮˣҲԲС
ڼϯ˵֮ʣ̿ѾҰɱһ룬ʣһˣƲܣҵİpˡ
󣬼Ӳһȫҧ˲Ķˡ
ƼĵȻȫˣһҲûô죬үٲҪһ١
ʲôЩ˾ˣүҲ֪˭ҵˡ˿ûЩ˷ϣǷĺˣֻҪϯСˣұͲᷣǣһΣӡҪùˡ
үε飬ĺӡйأȾס˵ֱۣüʵ
ٺЦϯСҲ˵ˣˣܹôһˣӡң˭οǰգүյϢӡҪϯС㶯֡
үյϢôôûǰСһ
ƼſڣҪʳתһ룬үôǲС㺦أ
ˣǲǻôϽȥɡ
ﻰ䣬ͼһͣǰϯ￴ȥͳʶģǴӰҲׯסһҹˡ
³ߵϯǰС㣬үԸūŹС㣬Сϳ
ϯתͷ򼾲Ȼү֮ңһҪлңˡ
Уүĵлǿͷлɲ˵գҪұԣǾͶһЩҵһҲˡ
ƤҪ
ϯȻͬ⡣
¼һȺ˺ϯϳҴҸϻ


250 

ϣƼóǹҩ򵥵ĸȾһ˿ڡ
ϯ⼸գʲôҲҪúˣһе˵
С㣬Сû£ǰصˣҲܹȾѹûƷϡ
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ƼŭУһƬ䣬ҿӡҾʧһŮҪӡǰŻġ
ǰӡңڵϯҶһǸСС˼ҡ
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£ȥҪ˵ҲҰﵣģȥе£Ҫȡˡ
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ϯ룬һΣҪˣҪһһԺУȻܲһֱ˱˰ɡ
ˣҲһӡ
ҪüˣͱҪԼǿ뿴һԺڱС
֮󡭡֮Ҫһ˲С
С㣬ˡ
ͣ
ͣϯҺſڣϯ˳󣬾óˡ
ݣĺϯͬ˵Żүôû˵õȥУۿ綼ˣ⺢ӿɴ᲻ʱ˵ǲڻ·ϳʲô£
ܳʲô£졣ϯͬôοӣҲŮ
ȥſڿϯͬסˣվҪȥͼϯȹڣżЦҪȥ𣬰·ϣˣʱ䣬ͰõˣŮĲԣŮ
ϯϣѾһѣɫİȹ׺һɫ˿廨ĶдϸС滹һС·ʱһҡһڼ䣬ͻᷢ嶣ĺ
ŮȻһתеʣˣôģ


251

ǡǸһҳУһȻʱǻܸϻءϯ£ʹˣ˵һūŶ࣬лѡǲóţڼžС
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˵ãҲһȥУ磬϶ܴȥˣ϶ʧ
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ϯԵݣǰϯ裬ȴǸղϯȾƼʱȾѪ˵ĸ첲
ͻȻֶһ£ˮ棬Լ֡
һţæСūֻһ¡
ˣҲʣȥɣﲻ̺򡣡ǰҪˡ
СѾͷ̫СѪͽš
лС㣬ū澸ˡݸмĿһϯæȥ
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رϯΪѵܳһţٳʱȴǳȥϯȻˣȴװŻ벻ЦҲãʡǹ򡣡
С蹲˵ľ죬˳Լϵ·һ⴩ϰأնûô
˶࣬ŪѣûôϯС̨ܵЦܵܵԴˣȥͲȥֲʲôĵط棬һ˺ȥ԰
ã㣬Ҫȥ棬ӦҵġС˷ܵСˣ֮ǰʧһɨա
ϯҲ¶ڴĿϯ
ϯЦãȥ
ȴĥӻˮһôӣԷһ
ϯ˲δ̫ãоһ˹
ƼȥĵӣصѡһЩʺ£ʶ֣ˣɹ˹
һЩԺһЩСѾߡ
ŮŮʵʵվһԺӡ
蹣СһӣһС˸ԼϯͬСӣ


252 ū

Ĺ£ϯʶϴȥūŽӴ
ҲãϳϯЦԭϹ˿ͣȻˣǾͺ˵ˣϯүϯ̫̫ϯСҲ֪еūţɲһūţģ̺ˣɻֽڿ죬ϸòɻˣдգȥ
˵һѺû޷Ǹϯˣūţ۸Ҳˡ
С蹿վһŵʮСˣСģҲͺһʮ꣬Ŀ㣬Ÿɾžǻ̺˵ӡ
һȥһȦҲûöҪѡ˭ΪʮС˶һ˫ڴЩš
ǲĺӣôƻôܲţ
㣬ѡһɡתͷϯ
ϯ̧֣ѡ˿мһˡ
һԼѡУæվūСˣү̫̫С㣬үһһ밲ȻչأԼʮһ˼СģūڼеڰˣΪūȡСˣūүˣү¸ūȡ
ˣǱ˼ҵūţҲøȡ
С룬Сּ򵥺üǣ͵㻹ǽС˰ɡ
˵꣬Сֿ򰢵ʰвС
ϯͬЦǺǵĵͷСˣ㣬ֻҪе˳ھС
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С˸Ͻ£С蹿һͷָϯͬϿͷȻϯͬʾ£վվС
˵óһзС˵ŵһߡ
ﻹ˵СвŰ£ɻر䣬ֻѧʲôҲ죬ﻹĵܵܣСţСЩɻҲӲ͵Ǵũĺӣʵңϯңߵĵһҡ
˼ǵһεūţǰûڱ˼Ҹɹ
ЦЦ͵ĸСţվҪǸõģҲ£ֵһ̺ӣҲиǣ
֮ǰվСߵĺӣ˳СūСţСż̫̫
ţֵܶ˳ĵƣֻȷʵСЩû


253

̫̫ūŽꡣСӦ
ꣿ
һ㵣ǰӲһӣû뵽ȻˣСˣ㼸ꣿ
ūʮꡣСǰһСӣսսĻػ
ϯҲָæūֵܽö࣬٣ʳԣūֵ܂zŻῴűͨСūʲôɨϴ̴ΪүͷĥīֻֽҪ̺˵ĻūŶѧ
˵꣬Ŀһϣϯһ᲻
ϿССĺӣ¶һսսӣԣ㲻£Ҿһʡ
ֿϯСôҪ㲻ϲǾѡһСžͺСһŰ蹡
ҿСžͦãѡɡ
˼ҳĺӣܹܹۣ࣬ԴʵҲõ̡
ϯСź⣬ȻСЩҲʹˡ
ʵСߵİȻûСŴء
ϼ⣬ܸˣãǾѡֵܶˡ
˵ţСˣǰԺ̺ˣǰԺһ̷ˮС˶ûУҴҲҪС˿أǰԺҲҪСɨ
ţһһʹѾͷʹӣǰŽɻˡ
ѾߣӣɨԺ
ҲԼѾߣȡΪĲĺɡ
ҲĵСѾߣҪɻ䣬ϸġϵ
ѾȽϴ󣬶ʮͣСѾߣŮѡ
ϯһѡԺҪ޵Ѿߣһ̫ʮһãѾУʮµģϯһȦһʮһ꣬ʮꡣ
Ȼϯϯϯ蹵ԺһŸɾ裬ǰԺҲһܼңûѡ˷Ͼūţ˭Ҳ֪Щ˶ӻ᲻ġ
˷ͬūţ˷ܵӣǼκεӳ룬þ˷֣õǼᣬ˷š
ϯͬҪӣҲȥ˷á
ԣôҪһλãϯͬ˼˷
ӱͲ࣬Լźá˷˵˼ңֲûУб˷ˣܵҲУϯͬòһ㡣


254

ϯҶһ˶ʮūţСѾ߶ʮһʹѾһһЩʮӡپǼ͹ܼңҲʮһ
ѡΪϳС˹һЩʮһһİٶӡ
õӣϲõĸ˻ƵģǶֵ˶ȥϯүϯ̫̫´ȱˣȥ˵һСٸ
ˣԺȱһ㡣Ͽ
֪ϯôˣ϶ҪٹأҲûжӣʣµˣ͸뿪
һߣϾͷԸݣӼ˺˹Ȼ¾ūǽϯ¶ļҹ棬иԵǮļѣһЩע
ȻԺܹ裬ʶ
ϵϯҵˣ̺Һүʮˣǰĳŵģһˣܹ£һ飬ʱԺϤˣ¶
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ֵû߷ǵѣϻϻԼûУȶ֮ɣ⼸գǾʹԼѡ
Ƕڣϻ׼ϯضڣҲǼңϣԺǶľ̺ӣԼڵ飬ҪΣҼ˵£һҷ˭˼ҾԲġ
ĩˣϻ˰ڵĸɣԾ˼䡣
֮ȥϤլӣȻ˷ȥ˾ְ
ϯСѾߺ͹º裬ϤլӺҲСԷ
ϯЦӯӯΪСѾȡ֣գָݣݣ̺Һܶ꣬Ժʲô²ģ
Ȼ裬ԺСԷ£Ͷˣ⼸ѾߵĻƣţźˣһɡ


255 º

Ȼǹ£Ժ£ȻҪȨùȥƹܣԿžͺá
¶˵΢ЦС㣬ģūһᾡľС¡
֮£ϯһԹۣóµļӣĸѾ߷ֻ˸ָ
ˣ̺ϯ꣬ͷԸպһ顣
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̴ϴ£ˮɨĸѾߵĻںϸѯʹ󣬾˳ȥ
СԷһӶĸˣסŲ£һļ᷿ȾƼݾס䣬ʣһ巿ԥһ£Ͷϯū澺ѾͷȥַסҲһ
Ǳ߶ǴʹѾͷӵסһҲ䣬ǼȥסʲôϯƵĵɣȾȥƼסһ䣬գסһ䣬סһ䣬ں裬ҵ巿Ƶȥճס
˵裬ݵλӦÿճһ䷿סڼѾߣסһá
ԥһ£С㣬᷿ȣһⷿҪǶūסˣպСĿⷿôã
ҶûʲôʱòſⷿպˣȾƼҲûԸǱˣʱסӿճͿⷿá
ԣûʲôͼѾߣŰס˸Եӡ
ѾӰʰã춼ˡ
˳С㣬ӣһϣСʲôϵģūȥ졣
ϯڿȾǣԣ̧ͷȣЩϻ𣬸̶ڶͰٺڶİɡ
ϣ̫̫˵Ժ࣬ͷ֣һϴҳԶ˻ʳһ˿Էֵڶѡ˷ܵ˵
౦ԣ͵ݽ㣬ʲôڶģ
̶춹ٺϣ棬ӣ÷ˣ⣬̵ƵģҪʲôڶģҰȥɡ
СѾߣͶ󣬶Сӣ۵ĺܣݺͼӴùϵպʹһú̺С㡣
Ҫ̵ƺͺ춹ġ˵Ǿݽҵһ˰ɣҾͲȥˡ
˳£ࡣһЦ


256 

һʵģʹܳȥˣȻһ̣ȥ˳
ϯ΢ЦһȻ飬˸͵·ܶ
ûãݾͶһˣģбϯɳȥµƼ
ϯͶݷԸӸҷȥʱ̺ҲȥɣȾ¡
ˣȥˡ
ӣ̤ŵݣ
С㣬ӣ
ȷһߣһ
Ŷūȶ˳ȥ
ƵĿһƼСȾƼ˶ԼС㲻˵棬Ҳʡ
˳ȥ˺ƼŵС㣬ūȥ˱ԺүѾõϢЩ̿ͣǴӡҳģүѾȥӡˣϣӡµĲ̫ƽ
үɱӡ˵ġϯɫǾһӡˣϾж̫̫ڣֻҪ̫̫ǳҵĶ̫̫үͲӡΪ𡣡
ٱϲܡ
ҲΪһˣүӡ˴ݳɳˡ
ү֮үȥӡң޷ӡɴ̿ɱүˡ
С㣬㲻ɳӡҺүҲ˺ˣү˵ˣӡ˼Ȼ˴ɱŵˣǾҪе
Իء
һΣӡݺϯС㣬ûݺɹүĶֻӡ޸˶ӡ
ӡҴѪ
һΣӡͷԷȣȻô̿ͰɱϯС㣬Ҫү׼ֻϯСվҪɥȪ
үӡҡ
ǶڣϯȥԷϯͬ밲ȻŰﻹ밲İһ緹
緹ܼ򵥣һ̰õӣһ̰˿ǵ󼦵һݾһ˿档
˿ϯԵġ
ϯ岻ã̫ܳŴӣϾͷԸһ˿ԡ
㰮ӣСʣµĸԡϯ𹫿꣬ͼһڶӣһСȻԼߴʣСҲͰİɣŵϯǰ
ŰӣϯƤ΢㣬㲻Ǩң֪㰮̶ڶģҡҲǺܰӣҲԵġ
ϯˣϯһ˰ӣÿڣϯﶼϯϯ´ܳԵӡ


257 

ԣԡϯͬ˵ţͷԸѾߣϯǰûԵӶ˹ԡ
ϯ㰮̵Ƶģ㿴ճ̵Ƶĸأ͸ҳ԰ɡ
ϯﰴס룬Ѿߡ
ϿźЦˣǸŮzͱȥˣÿڶҪҲۣø㰢ԣ㰢θڴ󣬳ܳһ̵Ƶġ
ŮθСӣʲôҲԲˡ
Ŵ׳ԶˣͶӣ׻ʳɲǺö
ϯ˿ˣֻðݸ˰Ȼһ֣ӡ
ͻȻעô죬ûȾ
Ⱦˣء
ϯû˵ʵֻȾƼˣүˣҲʹ˼ңǰ̺٣û취ѾߣҾȾƼԺˡ
ϵ˵һӣȾƼǲæ´ν˻үʱһҪúлл˼ҡ
ֿϵĴӣ˵һͼȥүʰɡ
ǱߣүҲȥҶʡΪ˸ƼҵĶڶûϢ㹤һֱæ㡣
ϯͬһȥʹȥ׼Щ˳ƹƹͼȥʡ
ӦһãͷԸѾߣĲȥԸһ׼һЩӳ
ǣ̫̫
Ĳˡ
ϯͺ˵飬ʱʼλþڳԱߣһ˶У극ǻ·ͳȥ
㣬Ҳȥ𣿡ϯ۾Ŀ
ϯţλãôϴθƵ֡
ãҴ
ϯЦǺǵĵղŻЩѵζپޱȡ
극ϯͬҪȥӣˣϯＸ˾͸ظݻ·
·ϯԸƼȥſû
ǣС㡣
Ƽתȥ
Ƽǰڸģ˭֪Ȼᱻͨϯ˴ȥ˺ݳһƫƧϯ˴ɱҲȾˡ
ջƼȥ˳У˭֪õϢǣȻʧ٣Ӱ
յƼȥˣǰȥӣƹһԼóʱϯҽˡ
ʱ볽ʱУһյ蹦


258 

С㣬ˣڶšյ蹦Ƽ
תɫЩĪһӵģүģүһŸС㣬˵ͳһ͸ϯҵǨ֮񡣡
ˣˣǸʲô˼
ˣôôϲˣ
ѵ֪㰲˽˼Ҹۡô
С㣬շ£ү˸С򣬾صѡ˹үСϯҵһ⣬°ɣƼչŬΪԼСǰˢøС
ʵƼԭ˵үϯһ⣬ƼϯԽԽڵɫƼߣʱ˿ڡ
С㣬ӡҳһʧʮƫƫС㰲ȻӡҲʹ˰ݵġ
Ȼүӡһ棬ʹӡʱ˭֪һ󣬻󡭡ӡһ᲻С֣Ҫ֪ӡҵխǳ
ңֻǧûǧշģүҲһֱӡҡ
ԣ㣬档
ƼѵС㣬ƺ˸ү꣬ү̵ְֽˣСϯ⸮ۡͲ˻ᴳ
ˣү˲ţȴ͸źء
ϯﲻ뵽ϯңүƿС
С㡭
ϯ޶ԣƼЩˣүĵС㣬ŻƹҪС㲻ϲǾϯҴһӣȹʱڣү˽лȥǡ
ϯ䣬Ҳֻʱôˡ
С㣬ǴӦˣƼ˵
ϯҪӦǲǻҪȰȥ
ٺ٣ⲻǵСţǼ⣬ϳϯȢôƼϣү˽½
ϯһȹڣСԷȥ˶š
Ϻϯϯѵ˶ſڣء
ϯˣСܹȥ㣬㻻·ŶҺͰ綼á
ˣϳɣٲߣҪʼˡϴߴٵ
ֿϯôһ͹ˣò
һڼ˵ϣ۶һӡ


259 Ůܲ

ڣҪҪء
ϯģү͸ǵǨ֮񡣡
⡭ôصô£Уջ㰢үǼѾǷү飬ɲүôصϽæ
ûүǼģðӸүȥˣ¡
֪ӡһ᲻ɥĲ񵽶ļ˳֣ڣ˳ţҲܰȫһЩ
ϵͷǾͰӸүֿ˵ȻǾͷֿǺͰ蹰Ƽһһ
˵Ůֳɰ蹻СֲãϲӵСӵ֣һϡ
ϯϯϡ
ͰľССŵˣһ
Ƭ̺ͳϯҴţƵ˺Ӷȥ
㣬սǲǻܶడСߣƿСԴչȥ۾Ŀ档
ϯЦǶڣ˵Ȼ࣬رǰŴ˺ֵʱȥֻ¼ȥˡ
ô죬ȥǽǾͿˣСЩʧ㣬ѵûС·ߣ
Уİɣ㱣֤ܿ
ϯﰮһС蹵İ
һ£ϯӹĿԣʳˣС蹵ιһȦ⣬ۣʮ
С蹹ɰ㣬㣬eңҶˣ
ӽ̵Ů겻ͬϯȹ˽꣬Ҿ꣬ҾͲٺͰһӳԷ
ۡССģˣϯ̲סһСָ̈́eŮӣָˣʮˣҺͰҲһӳԷ
桭ģС۾ɵϴ󣬡ȷʵû˵˲ԣ˵Ůܲס˵󣬾ͲŮ˵Ҫ˵Ҳþһ֮أ㣬ŮָİͰ𣿡
Ҫ
ʲô
磬㳤ˣˣȢϱͲһǽܣ㳤Ҳñӡ
СŶһ¶ģƲףֺЩס


260 ϰ

ۿĳأڴ˺ӱϵļʥãɺݳʮһʸǵģרۿĳء
ʥһ¥ÿһ¥ʮ̨ݳʮңÿҶӵһһ̨רȨʣһ̨Ǻ֪ãһ̨ǹá
ϯ˰ŵĿ̨ڶ¥¥ڳԱߣ¥Ķпͣ¥Ů죬ҲҰõĵط
ϯһ˸ϵʥʱѾˣæϯСȥϰ밲
ӴѾͷղôƯˣϰЦǺǳϯ֣ʾȥ
ϯЦϰ˾ȤҡԹԵϰ¡
ϰЦ죬ҿûȤ㣬ʴ̫̫̫̫ɱڰƯˣģǲʲô£
ϯԴЦЦţȷʵһ£ҼҳһլסԺúѾǼһ˯ˡ
Ҳ¶˰ɣҾ˵Ѿͷɫһϲµġϰ˿ϱ
ȻϰͻȻϵϲ£ôҲȥҸһҲùȥմմϲѽǲ̫ţϲ
⻰˵ľеˡ
ŵɷףæ͵ϰˣԭȥϰֻ´ϰˣûš
ߣԺʲô£һҪٰһߣҿҪϰ˰ɫϵ
ﻹҲӦæͷŵ¡
ϯϰ˱ҵĴҰԭҪϰţ˵ϰ˸մӰ»ƣҪգȥţϰˣҴˣҸϰЬЬӵպܺãŶң˵ЬӴڽϺ·ţϰһϲ
ǺãҵЬӴϰ˵ϣЦˡ
ԭϯˡ
ȻǨ磬ûϰˣƾϯǳľһ飬Ҳܲͺ
ϰ˾˵ղȥǸջլӣҲһܶ࣬ҪʲôҪҰæģǾ;ܿڡ
̬ȺͰ׵ô̫̫̫̫˶ġ
æл˵Ҫһڡ
ϰһϯ˵ѾͷƤӣͼȥˣһͻҪ˵ģҾȥѾͷһ


261 ľ

˵ȥˣ˾ͻˡ
Цųϯ㣬ˡ
ֵĿһߴٰ˵˵ȥأɵã㻹ûжңȻҶҪȤˡ
ϯ֪ҲǶ̫̫ûСͳСҲû
˵̫̫ͳСС㶼ȱϯȴûˡ
ϯﱾʳߣ³ϰģѹסеʣ˵ղ濴ˣ¡
ôһȦյСͳȥӻȦȷȥһͷ˿ûţ޵
ߣϯ˵һߣϰ˾ϣլԶԶ
ԶȥҲһ㹦򡣡
ǾͺãպпУ㾭ȥţʱ䳤˲Ѿͷﻹġ
ˣҾ͸ôȥϰ밲ġ
ĵʮ磬̫̫ͳ̫̫ûܲһ仰ֱ˺Ӄȴĵű죬ĿͶ˺ϡ
ֻ˺ϣͣʮҽӲӵĴۣˮֺͶ֣ͷԻվһ֣ڷôġ
ģˮźţ߳ţּܡ
߼ʼˣ̣㣬Ҫʼˣǳҵһõһͷ
Ҹղ¥£˿֣˶ʣء
ϯԣ۾һ԰ôأÿ˿ľӮ
ӵǵʮ䶼˭ҵӮһ׬ӵĺûᰡ
ʮʮӮ
ϯƼϸǰͷԸһ䣬Ƽͷȥˡ
ûãʼˡ
ҶĵĶźϵʮۣ߸źͣͣͣţ͡
ǳϵĹ֣ţǶ֣˶ǳҴˣҲμ꣬꿴Ҳʶˡ
С˷ܣһߺһ߱ģϯĽš
һԵС蹣Ҳ˷һСźϵһգգϵ䣬ʵ˵˭Ӯ
ϵۣʱҵһ
Ͽţҡҡͷһ̣˭Ӯ˭䣬˭Ҳ֪


262 Ӯ

ûƬ̣ͳˣǳҶõһ
߸˵ĻعͱϯЦ׬ˣ㣬׬ˣǳͷ̫ˡ
ϯһߣѾͷôãֻΪ׬ӣ
֣һǧ㣬ȻһЩоСһȥӣɺͳϰ˰ųߡ
ŵóӣСҴˣ̣Ժ󶼲ˡ
̣𲻸ˣǼͷҪ˲ǡߺϰ˵
ϰֻĸŮŮһһ׬ӣĻᱻĸŮЦƤǳûǧӡ
Сϲ֣ҼҰҲһΪ˺ϰˣϧĨԸŮ
Ȼϰ˰һȴһƤӣҿȰԶˣľĶãƤӿͻݶˡ
ϰûпƤʱ򡣡ָһӣСϲֲֹûҲúܣ˼С˳ӣŵɫ侪ãȥץ
ӶѣǲǵӴ󡣡ﵱ˵İãЩ˼Ͼ̈́eǧȣİЩϲ̨档
ȴ۾ģ㣬ԭϲֲ˰ӦϲֻҴϲֻҴסԺӺ棬ͼӸһСů˺ö໨һٶ֣ȥҴȥů￴
ϯЦϲãвͬҲϲͻȻҸϲֲ˺ʹ
һǧСﶮʲôֲ˰룬ţֲֹҲȥˮܳԵԼֳĲ˹ˮ治㣬пգҲ̽ңҲҪֲˡ
һһĳߣ֪İϲֲ˺󣬾;Ҫīߺڽ߳ࡣ
֣óС㣬ʲôˡ̫̫Ů˵ĻǽһߣϯСֲˣǰãȥʲô֣տʼúڼãȹգǾҪȥҪǹƵ֣ô㡣
߶ʱͰ͵ģ̫̫ûߵҪ֪㻹Ķľ֣㲻


263 ߵ

ֶ˵һʮָˣûҴ̫̫СǶ˵ء
̫̫Ҳûѵߣ߳˶æ֮ʣҪϯ뿪ʥá
ϯ˵أ·߳˺ü£߻㣬׬˶ӣ磬Է¥Ǻݳĺóԣǽվȥ¥ӣѾԸѾȥ˰䡣
С۰Ͱ͵Ŀϣ㣬ȥҹվҪȥҰߺ󣬲֪ʲôʱܻҲͺü궼ˡ
С۵ĲᣬϯЩˣ˶࣬¥̫ңǶǹңȥǵطԷ
ǡǰȥԺԷĳҲóԣͼСܳ
ϧֺϯϯֺϯ
СpţϯЩͷۡ
һˣ˼ȥ˼Ҽ棬Ƥö񣬲ŻӦСȡֵҪ
ϯϾܾȥ
㡣߱˱죬ϯﲻĶת˵Ǿȥ¥Ҳһȥ˶಻»ˡ
ðɣֻҪϰͬ⣬Ҿһȥûгҳ׿ϣϯɲҴСħŮߡ
һ£ôҽ
ˣ̰Ųͬ⡣
ٺ٣㻹б͵͵ȥֶϯ
ϯЦĵˣ˸кأ㻹ʵʵϰ˺̫̫Ӧ̫̫Сǰɡ
ŴҴԼһ㣬һҵأһʱϰ˴̫̫̫̫æӦˣ͹˲ϯߵˡ
ϯżͣϰҲýϺϯŴҴ̫̫СʶĸŮõһͷ᲻ڡ
Ͼͳûϰ˴һкС蹺ϯﵽȥλʶ̫̫˵
λ̫̫żϯһߣССϴڰ£һסǰԺʶģϯҲΣûô˵
ǣС蹣ϯ߹ȥ̫̫һ˫۾ͶС蹵ϣӴϯ̫̫СӰɣĿã㣬ü㣬ɣ
ţҼүҼүĸЦӦ
̫̫ͦȵġ


264 

һλ̫̫ʵ
ûǰ˵һ죬˵ﳤɫǡ
ôÿ
Ȼϯ̫̫˵Сô㿴⺢ӵҲѿʱɫ
̫̫ͺ̸̫̫С蹵۾Ҳʮϲ⣬⺢ӳԺ󣬻֪ļҵĹǸøܼ޸ϱأϧҼûкʵС㣬Ȼһϯ̫̫Ƕײɡ
ѽûУҼҵһСӵĴιŮ꣬ȻС˵㣬ȴҲǸӣǽһÿ
̫̫˫ðĿϯ̫̫գȥŸͣۿСѾͷҪϲ˵ң׼ء
û뵽ֻŶŮҪ͹̫̫̫̫һкǰ棬һȺ̫̫СǶŲڣǣ˻ûأСӵ¾ͱ˵ˡ
ϿЦãӻСҼҹŮϴûףĶȸСĶ򲻿ɵġ
¼ѣȸСӶպ¾͸Ӳö
۰ôܻȸ蹶
ϹϾܾˡ
̫̫ҲһᣬϾܾҲûת۾ϯ޵ϯ̫̫øĶŮĶôÿϯСܸ˰ɣ
ţ·ݸհꡣϯǰλ̫̫һ
̫̫ЦʮˣŵͣǶżҵĺʱ򡣡
ЦҾôһŮߣȹʮٶ
ʮ꣬ǲ̫һ̫̫һüЦһһֶʮ꣬ûףԸ⣬Ҿʱˡ
⡭΢΢ԥ£ҵûȥȸҼүһ£һ˿òע⡣
֮ϯʮ֮ٶżңǰϯϺһŮϯﶨżңŹٶ
кŮѡҲŮ¶Ҳʡһ׮¡
ֶ̫̫û˵ҪҲȥֶ̫̫ƷòΡ
Ů˳׼ˣһӵĴ£ǵڶɲͰŮĻ¶ȥˡ
ϯһԣһߺ죬ҲǣҲǣŮ蹳ȥߣeԶˡ


265 

ַԸˣչүС㣬e˶ĵض꣬һ߾ͻҺүԼǰȥ
ǣ̫̫
ϯС蹣Ҵˡ
߳ʥãϵ⣬ɢȥ
С㣬Ǹ̫̫Ҳ̫ûˣеС̸С£С಻ڣҿֶҲǸõģС㣬̫̫Ҫ濴£ɵ̫̫ȥϸǺˣС̈́eһʥãݾͲž˵һ
ƼҲеȰС㣬׵£Ҫأ˼С
Ƽ̫̫Ǻͳ˺ϤôҪȥֶ̫̫ǸʲôˣݿƼ
Ƽųһ亹
Уء
ȥϯСҪ׵Ķ󣬱ү֪ðƤ
ƼæҡͷҺ̫̫Ϥ
ݲֲȥʶҪϤʲôƼͰҼСһذɣ

ûƼӦϯ͵һݣʲôûڶżңһС˵
С㣬̫̫үǡ
һȰͷ
ϯС蹣ȺС
Ƽ輸˼˶࣬æڽ܂zΧ܂zм䡣
Ƽָǰһ¥С㣬Ǳߡ
ҲȥˣҺͰڶǼҲׯ㣬ȥþͺˡϯ̫࣬¥Ҳ϶û˿հ䣬ȥҲǰ·ȥeĵض档
ƼūȥõֺȥׯСϡ
ƼӰһѸȥ˲¥
ıӰС㣬Ƽ˵ʲôѽ
Ƽˣ֪ˡϯЦţһӡ
һȺ˾ȥϯ˵Ĳׯ
ر࣬º󣬹̵˾ͶׯǼˣϯһȺѹͽȥˡ
轨С㣬̫࣬ǻǲҪȥˣүСeײҪǾڲ¥ſڵƼˡ
Ҳá
ΪׯܱȽֵٵ㣬˭֪һȽŵĵضûС
ϯ̾һԼû⸽Ĳ¥λõġ
ϯأСͻȻǰ˷ܵС㣬ҵˣүڲ¥һ䣬СȥЪЪš
ϯһϲֳʵүҲ棿
ûУүرæ绹Ҫд֪Ҵүڳ˾¥Էүڲ¥İ䣬רΪСԤģֻūޱһЩѰСһѰС㡣


266 ү

ϯһʥã˳֪СӹѰϯ̫࣬СС˺һҵϯ
С㣬㶼ˣūȥСӹ
ϯС蹵Դ͸Сȥ˶¥
յ¥£ƼƼЦС㣬ūҪȥء
õˣ
ţһĲ
Ǿͺãү¥϶һ䣬ȥȵ裬ЪЪš
ƼԣЦˣãȥ¥ϰһ̫ˣˡ
ϯһȺˣСӴţ˲¥¥һ䣬СӵС㣬үнҲ¥ĵر£Сʲô͵ʲôÿһ˶үͷϡ
ѾĺһݺõĲˮϻðǸõģС˵ģǲ¥ƣСһҪ
˾ľΪһУϯܸж
˵Сӣȥתһ仰ү˵ҺܸлһС
ǣС㣬үˣһܸˡСֿһЦ¶С
С蹶ܺ棬ţʰʲôûʣֱС뿪ˣС蹲ŵ㣬ү˭ΪʲôҪ԰ôã
үƼӣţΪȹһŻ԰ãǼҺã蹣ϲԵ⣬һ顣
ϯһ⣬СǰĵɹתС蹵˼
СڳʱƼӻͳһĹƮƮĺɰݸϯС㣬ȫҪҪһ
㶼ˣƼŻύƼȥµġ
ϯﵭĽɰ˻ȻСƷ¥ĵģƸող׬һӵ˲Ƶġ
Ϊүæû˭֪ܶζĳŵأžͱˡ
ߴӰ߽ʱϯҧһڵĵģ˳
ôˣ㲻Ҫд֪𣿡ϯæµģſھʡ
ɫÿģûϯ⣬ǿѾߣǶȳȥлǼС˵
⡭ǲסԥûҳȥ
йŮһң֪СҪҪ˰


267 һ

СˣΣһҪС㣬ܡ
ûȺ˼꣬ŵúһȵĿϯ
ϯȳȥɣſڣκ˽
㣬ҲҪȥ
С蹵Ŀ⣬ֽŵĶų룬ȻˣҪ㣬ð˵
˵Ů겻ͬϯ
ӻ˵Ůܲס
ˣǲʵġ
ϯСܵԴЦźԣ蹣ƼǳȥſڴһҺүл˵㲻
ϯҲ֪úõأΪʲôһǺ˵ӡҵ£İ蹻߰ļ˻ᵣ
蹣ַԸƼƼүȥ
С蹱죬ۿˣڰļᶨ£ǹԹƼȥ
ֻʣ³ϯʱϯʵǲӡǱжˣ
Ϊ᲻֪
ݺݵɵϯһĪ㲻˵Ķֲ֪ɣܶ
Ц͵̫̫ˣ
ţһ䣬Ұ˵ҪȥҰһôˣѵֶ̫̫⣿ֶ̫̫⣬ȥһȰ̫̫
˺ߣϯ£ɭĵһֻ֪ԺζĵˣҲϣ
ү²ŸոᣬҶûˣ̸ϿϡϯãշƢĪ
ԹŮ£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԡ
£ȻҲӰﰲš
ҲԻ۾úһ˼ҸԲ˭˵׶Ӧ
ֶ̫̫үԣһֻԺζĵУ϶ͬ¡
ԴˣϯһҲġ
ϯС㣬һƵӣͰյۡ
Ŭѹķƣʵ㲻˵㰢ʮٸ㶨żôôͻȻıעˣ
Ұûıע⣬£̫̫ġϯͰ̫̫ǿС蹣Ȼֿ˵ˡ
ɫܲһżһЩʣȻ̫̫ģ£㰢ﲻҪӦ¡


268

ֶ̫̫ʶڹٸۣε£˳Ĳôϻһ룬ҲҰԴҪǣҪεģϯδӣǰĻҪҡ
ֶ̫̫ε£ϯ޸͵εĿӣҲϯұεסߡ
εϵͷϯұεУҲ͵ڱסˣպӣܺù
ϯҧǺЦүֻ֪̫̫𣬻ǹ𣿡
̫̫Ӱ»ֶԱȥŸһˣ̫̫ϱεָʹԱΪɣ͵úúȥ̽һ
˶٣ֵҵһֱиεԱ£ʱһ참ҵֲҸ̫ε֣ԣһ˵Щʲôҵȴ֪
Ƽȥ飬Ա֡ϯɫ
£ô룬òôɺϡ
̫̫֮ǰ蹵£ģΪܾһΣپܾڶΣٴ̫̫㿴ڳҵķϣҲһܾ̫̫Ρ
ƼĻϯңһȥ飬ʱȲ˵
һ˫ϯС۾Ҳû֮ǰ⣬ǺЦ⣬һ˿˲ᡣ
ˣҵˣһҲ뿪ʥǱҲɢˡҴҶ䣬Ϳ뿪
һߣС蹾ͳ˽Ű֣´㣬Ǹүû۸㣿
ûУֻҰ̸̸ˣû£㿴úõء
СĴ㣬úõģû£ͳһղţүıˣҶҿ
ϲŭ޳ϯ˵ʱЩҧȻŰܣǱˣ㻹ԲԵģԵĻǾʹȥͰﰢһԡ
ãߣͰﰢһԡС¶˿ɰЦ
ģܶ˶ûԼ飬һûϯƼȥСȫ
СõģһȺŵģҪʱС׷С㣬ǻеûá
У
ô
ϯͿСҲһʳУСЦļݣġ
˵ţ͵ݸϯԱߵݡ


269 ׬

ݿϯ֪òýӡ
ϯʱףǳȥ˳Եġ
ϯůůģҲһ˿ͣŰɡ
ŶһֽӹСϵʳС
һȺ˾ͳ˲¥
ѵү͸ţڲ¥ſڣϯǰС㣬үүȥǰӿڵȣȺССү
ˡϯﵭЦ
С蹣
Ѿǣϡ
ܿ͵һӿڣϯͣӿڵţϯͬ뽯Ḹ˻˵
ƼˣͣºϯС蹻Ҫ³ϯͬææ³Ȼȥȥ˵
棬˶ӣ˵ĺõط
ϯԣסСܣû³
һ㹦ͣϯլ⡣
õϢҴҹӭӣү̫̫˷ʳƫҲѰںãÿĵˣĵģˮѾͲ˵Ȳ˺ûϡ
Ȳ˺ҲȥɣȻط·͹ȥϯͬԸ
ǣүūȷԸȥ
ˣִҴȥ˳
ϯͰ˵һ󣬾ͻСԷ
СѾ̺ŻһϲƵĶȹһ٣ȻϯͰǲȥˣƼ
ϯóƼ֮ǰĺɰƱ˳һʮһţÿһǧһһǧӡ
ϯƱ۾ЦˣΣ׬ЩӣҪлүȰѹתȻҲ׬ӡ
ճţϯƱҲ٣֪ľһ˫ϯûġ
ϯҪûһʴģͷԸƼȥҳ룬һȽһ£·ݵĺҪʮûźȥϯҪתһ£ҲûΪͷԸˡ
һӣľһһϯӮˣҪһǧӡ
һӣʱ׬˫ϯ˵ͬʱҲЩźֻϧû̫౾𣬲Ȼ׬ʮģҾͿ԰öˡ
С㣬Ҫѹʮӣľׯ˾Ҫˣӣ˻ҪŲأū̫׺ذָĲвò


270 ĸ

ʲôˣǻжĳڣܴܲŶĳһܰɡ
ľֵˣǶĳˣԶĳ֮ľ֣ѹӮ˾ͲׯһӲ
˽˿ľ֣ҲѹӣѹˣӮ˺ׯ˻û⣬ѹˡ
ƼһмһĳˣҲֵʮӡ
ֵտľֵˣС㣬²˭
˭ʶˣϯ룬ֵѵ֮ǰȥǸĳϴ󣿡
ϯҲʶһĳˡ
ƼţɲôǸаģҪӲóذףҪƴǺϴˣǺϴ󿪿ҪóӣûͻȻǲݾ͵ùˡ
һϴͰһӲƼ϶ưոݣݵοɲҪùô
ϯϴһųŵˣȻĶĳĶľ֣ͲӲǽаģһôӣ᲻ðɡ
ߣǶĳ˼ӣ˰˵ˣϯҴϯĳӣһǧֻ׬һǻŲֻ̫ĸˡ
ĳڣĶڣ
ĳڵĵط
ĳڣԷǶĳ˶úȥ
ŭƼϯЦˣˣˣӣȥүүҼһҪǲͬ⣬ӵһͲ·ݵĹˡ
ҵĴһͳκ·һΣ·һΡ
·ݵĺھܻ·ݵĺײܻ
·ݺιɣ͵·ݡ
ƼƱС㿪ˣү϶ͬ⡣
ʲôˣū澻һҪС㱨ղڲ¥ūСȥһӡҵ£С˵ϣӡҲֿŻˣǰոսĻʧӡ
үɵģϯȥͩǵļ
Ƽţүӡҵľ档
´ӡٸҶС㶯֣ͲֻҲֿ⣬ǻϾӡе
ӡǿųңöⶼǳҿ׵ķϹӡңһҷųӡҶϾӡʧͲֻǼӵ£¹己ٲʢĴ¡
ӡʲҲš


271 ػ

ϯҶڵļȣʮַϵˮһʮ˵
һٷһϯҶǨլӹĵһգؼ˶ʮˣƣϣپϯҶӣһһĺá
һһḸ˺һСһѾӷ
Ϊ˸ˣΪأϯͬص˼̳ϺõŮ졣
ϯͬӶŮһΪϯͬˣϻһ
ϯܣƣϯͬϼ˵˲ٺûϯͬ޲ðԴժŮ
Աϯͬӣȥ鷿ϯ˹Է
ݺǴѾǣŮ£ﰡ̫̫Ϊֶ£Ը⣬ȥ㰢˵һɸ͸ȥֶ̫̫ƷԵòǶԷǸõģǼҾʹӦ£㿴ô
ϯһɬӣҲûҡͷһСڼͰ꣬Ҳô綨żҡ
ܸˣҲöˣﰡ֮ǰ˵ʮ궨żңҲǱƵģΪŮĸһŮǶ£ˣж˼ˡ
żļһϯҺͳҽãϯǶԳүо֮Ϊ㿴ڳҵϣ̫̫Ҳϯס
Ȼ̫̫ҪϯֶϱֶƷԾȻϯĲãϰҲżҺ
Ȼֶ̫̫ƷԵΣ⻹ȥ
ɣȲҪ߰ȶɼ͸ȥ˺ã˵
ϯﲻֱӾܾʹػһ¡
ү˵ˣԱƷãȻڸõɳԺζᣬƷ϶ϡ
Ц˻úúãȥ
ȥϲģǿϯﳤģϯҲĹ費Ầϯ϶ϸȥ
ϯЦնڣżȥɡ
Ǻǣ㿴˵˹ڵ£Уǰģȥ
£ĸŮ׵
ϯһһΪʲôҪڳϰǰϲֲֹ


272 ̸

Ҵ壬ڽ̵ŮʮֽǿֻȤֲȴӳϲ̨档
ͳôãûʶһ㣬ɽգȴ⵱ų˵棬Ĩϯʮֲ⡣
ϯ￴Ű͡
̾һѾͷʲô鶼㡣
ϣүΪѵһҲûүǶ⣬һ룬ȥ£˼ΪҪ㷿סߵĴѾ̺㣬ƼȾߣѵΪһﲻţ۾֮죬ҲϸµѾ߶͸㡣
գϰ˵Ǿ仰ҲڰʾʲôﰡһգͻȻҪȥҹӣǰΨһŮǾԲȥүС
֪֮ϯССŮ䲻ϳүүȢΪޣǰҲȢΪ檡
ԣ͡ְһжΪ㿼ǡ
Ͻץϯ֣ĳҴ壬˶ǷǶ࣬ﲻίģeүʲôϣ
ϯһߡ
ʲôʱԳ뱨ϣˣ
ô֪
ųŴ׬Ӱˡ
پϣų֣Ϊֽѡ
ôͳ޸үˣ
ϯﷴ֣Ű֣Ҵδ޸үүҲûϣҡֻͳҶгǼҿɽԺǼӣҲڹĸǰѡ
ﻰûү
ŮЩżˣϾŮûƭţ˵ûûᱻүĺۣʲôе˼
үǺãǼҸǺõû˵߸ϣС˼ϵģЩοģһ۾úΪ㶨һź¡
Ϻúý̵һϯŻСԷ
Ƽȥ˱Ժϴ·ȥˣȥ˳£ԺȾ˵
Ⱦ˸첲ܸɻԺɢɢɢʱ⴩һӿѣѰɴĸ첲ڵʵʵ˵ǸɻʱŤ˸첲


273 ѴƸ

նСҲûȾ˵ʣĵĻȾϴʱˮšë
С㣬ˣղСүߵС㣬˵Ҫõȥү鷿ԣū澼ȥ̫̫Ķ˹ȥ
ϯһԺӣȾЦ
ϯյ򴽣㲻ᣬҶˣʳµĵķһ֣ȥʯԷ˾ӣԷӹȥ
ǣС㡣ȾЦеĺݼ˾ȥֵġ
ֺúѾ߾͸һˡ
Ⱦ첲ˣ
ȾѾƼǶ˵ϯմ׬һʣźĶϯ֪Ⱥ£ūҲȥѹһӣū˽ӲأƼѹһǧӡ
ƼڸϯѹľʱҲԼ˽һǧѹӮ
ϯûѹϣѹҲһ
ֹеʵ첲ϵ˿ôˣûҩ
ˣƼһ͸ū澻ˡȾ˵ţղС㣬ū澸ȥϯϳԵĶ࣬Щɽ髲ʳūȥ˼ɽ髹ū澸Сһ
첲ˣeѿ˿ڣȥɣҲʡָָӣ£˵˵
СҪū˵ʲôȾҲǿ²豭ϯ
ϯ͵ӡϷ飬Ƽûи㣿
Ⱦɫ˱䣬Ѿ˵ˣС㣬һӡҵ˽ѵԺ϶ٶС㶯֡
֪£ԭֻҵӡңȴүҲǣȥˣĲϯüۼ䣬Щ֮ɫ̫̫֪үµ֣ӡⷿɱүĶС
СĪô࣬үɲ¶̫̫˵ˣСΪλӡңǶ̫̫㷿ȣûͷ䣬ӡλСڻǨŭ㣬ô
£˵˵ȥԴͷǶ̫̫
һжʲô˼ԹġȾ
˵ϣôһˣϲѴƵȥ
޹أҲȥ
һ·ϣͻȻˤһӣҲǸһ۵ˡ
̫̫ˡ
˿̣̫̫ӡңϯү
Ȼϯﲻ֪ҲܲµһЩ
ϯ̫̫ûгڼʥãܴŮȥӡңϣӡҷô飬̫̫Ӳܣȶ̫̫ǻȥϰǰ״Ҳ֪ϰ֪󣬻᲻Ǩŭң


274

֪ӡҲֿⱻˣϯﵱͲ¶̫̫ȥӡңٲ¶̫̫һ鵽үйأ϶塣
һжԸү
ڶȥϰǰүһ״һҪ⳥ӡʧӡ
ӡҵ˳뾯棬ͳò磬ɶ̫̫Ұ
̫̫ǳɩӣҵĲֿ⣬ʹʧӣ̫̫ưոݲŹ֡
ȾϯķͷȷʵǶ̫̫£С㣬ү£ͷİɣӡҺͶ̫̫סСβͣ԰Ѱѱ͵ϡ
£ϯȻġ
ݺ֮̫̫ҲǸɲ
үСһЩɣ̫̫ɲһ׻ݵˣοһΣүӡҵĸ
ȾԣһȰС㣬Ҳ̫ģүɲᱻƵϰǱߣСҲǣϰ˺ܺãͨΪǨŭС㣬ûС㣬̫̫ү֮ҲһأС㾡ܷľǡ
Ķҷİ
ģƼȾҲģȴ֪һŮݶʲôҲóġ
Ⱦȥˡ
ϯˣȴ˯ţڴϣڹķ
ʵ֮󣬾Ϳʼ͵͵ڹķֻʱʱͻȻҴ⣬ʱ٣ҲֻǸŶѡ
ڰ£ͱסһݣÿζǳñ˯ˣ͵͵һЩչ
ȻٵĿûһǺܸˡ
ϯһ磬ֱʱţϯչ
Ƽˡ
ƼЦѹү˵ˣСĹ·ݵĺϣСϲʲôүԸϵ˰С

ϯȷʵϲӣˣ򼸼͸ã͸ױٴպ͸ϱ
ү˵ҾͲˣһҴУģӵȶٸ
˵Ʒϯﲻôϲ
ãūȥԺһˣС㣬ʲôҪûƼգգ۳
ϯҡͷûˣЩԺ뵽Ժٴɡ
һ˵Ĺȣ͵ݳǣ۸͵÷˴Ķ۸񲻻᳤ԭ۸ӾУдҲҪء


275 

ϣϯڴϣ˴޲˯
ڶ컹ûƼһȥ˺԰ͤԵĿյϣƼһʮʽ
׵ϯǰѧƼպ书ʹóʱиڱ˿ʲô
С㣬㰴ҵĶһ飬٣٣ûסģһūָ㡣Ƽյһ֦ݸϯﵱá
á
ϯõ֦󣬻һ䣬󹴣ָתߡ䶯ϵ֦ǻе꣬
һʮʽǳҰҪѧõɱУÿһУÿһʽֱָҪѶ㣬ɨǧ
һ׵ϯһȺϢЩƼ򿴵ĿɿڴţС㣬㡭㾹Ȼһ׵סˣ
찡׵һʮʽÿʽУһУС㾹ȻȫסˣҶʮֵλ
Ű
ƼС㣬̫ˣū׵ǼסЩʽͼ˰£Ϊ׵ū澿ڣ£λֻһ飬ܺū±ȣС㣬Ű
Ƽ۳ݵĿϯ
ϯССһ£ҡֻǰĲģȻźܵλֽûвҪ˴˼һƾܰķ
С㣬Ǽģ֮ҪڹڹˣʽҲ򲻹˼ҡ
⵹滰
Ȼһ̿ʱϯҲ᲻ǰƼΪûڹʽ򲻹̿ô
ϯᶨƵӽտʼÿڹķʱʱҹϣԺ̿ͣҾԲܡ
С㣬ǶԵģܱɱˣǲŽĿءƼԿر֤С㣬ģʱ䣬ūһúý̵ա
ϯ˻ӺҺִ֦ͷβϰһ飬ֱɫϯźƼСԷ
ѾǶˡ
ϯԸѾͰˮһˮ裬һձ໨Ƶѣȥ˹Է밲
̺ϯͬ£֪ϯˣͷԸĲȥС㣬õţҺү÷
ǣ̫̫
ĲӦһ˳⡣


276 ˱

ϯõ˺һż
ϯЦ˸ӣŮλ밲
οȴѵѾͷǵĴʲôæһ죬Ҳ֪˯ʮ꣬ӻڳô磬ӣô졣
ȻǾͲӣÿյĳ趨ʡǱزٵģҲԳТġϯ˵ţվ󣬡һ죬ǲǺۣûмᣬŮɣ
ŮТ˳ԼϺܸˣŮԺҪˣ밲֪С
ϯͬҲ㰢˵ĶԣǼССôأЩأǸģֲǸǽģ磬ֻҪҺ㰢ͺá
ϯˣů۵ģãŮסˡ
ϯԺ󻹻밲
ֻǣԺЩʱô˰ĺʱ
Ȼ˼СѾ̺򣬿ϯͬȴϰҪ̺ᷢҲϰһ̺ɷϯͬһвδҪСѾ̺򣬶
ϯղŵ֪󣬾¾밲ʱ
ϵ蹺ͰˣʱûѾѾ߹ȥǣe밲ˣ⣬㰢һ緹
ðҷԸѾ߰ҵ緹͵˵ţͷԸȥСԷһˡ
ϯغ󣬼ӵһͣҲùһʳһ࣬СˣһһһСˡ
ոպãһ˳ԡ
Էʱϯ극㰢￴⼸յ˱ɣЩ˱ôϤٽ̽ҡ
ϯֿ죬Ӧ˺á
극ϯͬȥϯڹԷ˱̣һһ³дһ˱ϣϼ˵
ϯϯ棬϶ȥģⱾ˱ҲдģȻд
ú󣬶ˡ
磬ϯڹԷ緹󣬲ŻСԷ
磬ϯԺһĵֻӣغ÷ţڴϣһϵڹķ
һϯڣƴϰգֱʮݴҴС㣬̫̫ȥһˣΪԱ¡


277 ѹ

ϷԸȥԱºţ飬Ա
ϵϢ͸ϽŮ
ϯҲ˲һȺֻøɲһ͸Ͻȥ˹Է
һݣϯͿɫá
ɫһЩ͡
Ů֣οĻȥֶ̫̫û뵽ֶ̫̫Ȼϲﶼ˵ڣ䡣
˵һ룬Ӳѻȥˡ
ϯѾˣԱϲ̻֮ء
ϯ˳ϻȻԷǸõģǾȥżһˣܾ¾ǡ
ţѾȥˡһԱ벻ǸŮѡȥżҴ¡
϶Щѹ̾Ҳǰʶ˲壬Ϊ̫̫ǳݣųҵĺã̫̫û뵽̫̫Ҫôһֶ˵ŮҾһŮô޸һˣǰڼϹţҲȥԼҳԿͷ
ҪòûòҪûţǶ磬Ժζģռȫˣ˵̫̫Ƕ࿴ǣŻŰֶ˵㡣
бһӻûйϯžһ߶˵̫̫Ĳǡ
˵ˣϯȰȻ֪ǸԼõˣպˣԶһЩǡ
ţġ
¶ģԺ̫̫жԶԪҲ
ϯһοϣֱϯͬϯŻСԷ
֮ϯָֻӣֱ¶ʮƼͻȻС㣬󷿵ϯС㣬Ѿˡ
ϯᰣ̶үˣϯʵ뿴ϯᰵˣǰĹ켣᲻ı䡣
ûУǶһԶס
ϯʱһ
Ȼϯ᰺ͳ̼Ҷүûɹǰһϯᰶص˼ҡ
˵Զףϯ֪Զףɷүһֶҵү
£ϴǣߡ
һ£ū澸С㣬СһһġƼصϯд𰸡
ȻƼ͵̼ҶүҲ£С㣬£̼Ҷүδ˭˵һϯҴ󷿵ϯϣҲȥƿ


278 ù

ǰҲϯϯᰵ£ߵģϯﲻ֪ϯϯ֮䣬϶Ƿʲô
֮ԻϯǣߣүҲǶΣϯᰵһ
ҼȻ̼ңɱϯ˵Ҫöˡ
ңүǵӣ̶үֻǸӣպּңֵܷĲƲ΢΢ָ
ɵӲһֵܷһʲƲҷּˣҲǵϵһȴѾ֧͵ϵһݲһء
ԣ£ϯϲûӮϯᰡ
С㣬ŻһϷءƼ²ĵڶգϯҴ󷿵λСҲڼʥÿϯþȥ֣ɲ֪ôߵģ˾Ȼȥ˶¥˳̼ҼλүĿ̨
֪ʱڣͳ̼Ҽλүڣ̼үûϯҼλС㣬ʶǣ˭ϯ᰼εģҪطܡ
С㣬ûϯϵϯᰵ棬͹̶ү˽ŵ̶үĻϯᰱƢãһĻҲװŮˣָϯϵıӾͳ쭣Ǹ꾫תרŹ˵v֮˵ĻҪжж
ģһĻ˿ˡ
ϯᰵһӳˡ
ϯϵףҲһӻ˳̶үĻ
һ£̶ү벻Ȣϯ϶С
οǸˣϲŮӣϯϲװװС׻ǳ̶үϲӣϯϻһűϯ᰻Ưװϯ᰺ÿ֪ٱ
̶үһ顣
ϯøӣ̶үǱܶԶ֮
ȳ̶үȥ󣬾͸ĸҪȢϯΪޣϵ֪º󣬾ͺĸŮ
ϯҴڶڵĵڶգɹһ졣
ĸŮˣ㱻Ϻϯҡ
ϳ棬Ϊϯᰶһź£ſϰݡ
Ҳ˵ˣϯǮҵĹѪϯҹѪޣϯҲܣǮҳ
ϯϺͱϳǮңĸŮȥǮҸϯϵļױû˽Ǯֿտռ޽ϯңϯҲϯϵļױϯϾ͵ֿտս̼Ҵš
ûмױպϯܱ̼˿
伱ˣȥϯͬ֡
һӣϯͬ־͸ùһùһֱǱǧӣ˽ӱ˽ӳΪ֪ȥҪˡ


279 ծ

ʧǧٱ͵߼ֵӵĲȻ乶|ң˵ץڴϡ
һһù£Ƶϯͬһͷ鼱
ϯͬһͻȥׯɣݺ|Űһŭ𣬶ݺݷйɵϡ
ܾһУΪɰ²ġ
ֱ|ŰİϯֵͬŻһЩ
ϯͬʱϯָͬׯסһҹõйǺʱ
ҪϯðױʱϯֵͬĻ飬һӾɭɭĿⶢϯϯҸĶݣϯͬ־ҪΪһֻǣʧһǮ
˰ᰵ£ҪҸðױôͣԼðױϯҿûжϡ
ϯֶͬȻһھܾˡ
ߣһŮֻϯҲ£ƾʲôҪһӣΪðױ
Ůļױ֪ء
ӱ͵ˣҲ͵ˣҲûһͷۣ֪ȥŪӸŮӻׯء
ϯͬһͷ۵İˡ
֮ȥϣѱ͵ĲѰ
Ѿʹε֪εû͵ϻӣϾ϶С͵ӣɹٸˣȥ˿£Ҳûҵ͵
ңεϳңų̼죬ȳ˵ӵ˭
ֻǣ˼Σ˿ˣûм롣
С㣬ϯҴһ˶ڳΪϯðױءƼֻ˵
ϯߣϯᰵļױЩɲֹֻðһͷһӣණϵĿⷿء
ֻͷǼӱȽϹأϲŻϻַױ̨¹
ΪһЩû뵽͵ˡ
ϯҼľׯϵ󷿵˿ˣһ󲿷֣ɻʣºܶΪϯϯøһ׼ҾױϯҴ󷿺ðׯƳһָϯϯױͿϯͬ᲻ãֻҪãϯᰳʱױ᲻񡣡
ᵽׯƼһ£ûС
ƼС㣬˵ׯ⼸ڴ⣬Ƿϻӣ˵ǻҪƬׯծ


280 Ϸ

ϯֵƬׯҼǵãϯ֪ͬǧʱҲйԼһ֮ϯͬûлǧӣƬׯͻתƵ֪ȥϴƬׯ⣬һ
ϯܴ֮ͬӳ֪ϣ赽ǧӣһƬׯԼǰС͸֪Ū
ϯһҽϯֵͬ˽ӣС蹡
£ƼϯҴһǷµծͦģǲ֪ףЩծܲܶϡ
ţҲſϷء
ϯﹴ뵽ϯҴ󷿶ûûƤˣΪϯᰳﱸױֻҪٲ鷳
Уø߰ǰŵ㡣
ϯ˼ˣͷԸƼȥ߶ŵӣү󣬹֪ͨһ
ǣС㡣
ƼǷˡ
ʱ̣СѾ߹ϯ˵ϯͬˣȥ˹Է
ϯȥ˹ԷҰ
ϯͬ˵أϯݣҲûֱ࣬ӱ⣬ڴϯҴׯ鶼˵ˡ
ȻϯҴһãʧ˲Ǯ˵ýļױûð죬ϯϵļױ󲮴ﶼð죬ɵϯϼ޵ǳ̼Ҷү˵ð죬ֻ֮Ҫ̼΢ʩһѹ󲮲ð죬Ҳøϯðһʼױ
ˣҲ֪һ˽ҵϯҴͣһӺֻǼ⡣
ǡã˴լӣôˣĶĶҪӽã󷿵һΪ׬˺öǮָ͵ˡ
һŭߺߵ⣬ǼҲûӣǼΪⶰլӣǷүһأϯϯðױ
˵ֶŮףģһҵױȥٶҲûУ˵ˣ󷿵˵Ǽô˲ٸϯϯôҾױЩɶǼҵģҲǼҸϯϯðļױ
һľҾߣöӣǼҸױͲˣﶼʮˣҶûҾأ׹ŮҶһֶŮϣ󷿵˻ҪôҪǸǼ鷳Ҿվڴſڣۡ
ԴӺʹ˺Ͼ;ٹŴ󷿰ռ˵ĳƢ


281 ֪

˵ϲţţҲûСϵѪڴӵϵĵ
һֶŮˣҲûа尢ðױĵ
ϯͬͷͬԺǼҲȥռ󷿵ıˣ󷿵ҲռǼҵıˣֻҪµĶˣͲ˵
ϯͬ˵ţ϶һۣӾЭͬʹ࣬ΪŮڷ絲꣬󷿺ͳϵͷ
ϯ￴һĻЦˣ⼸գͶŵ㣬ô󲮴ǰһȥöˣˣҲһرƹǶҪˡ
ţǵãһ磬Ͳ緹ˣȥ֪ͨһ󲮴˵ӣ£ǻǲòЩŵ㡣
Դ󷿰ռ˵ϰߣϯͬãӦδһ¡
ºϯãӦŸĸദʱ⣬վǣϯͬ⼸ŶŽҸˣߣҺͰġ
ţһֱߣ⡣ϯͬ˵־ϯ̫СĽ˵󲮴ȻռСˣҪڡ
㻹û󲮴ﺦļζ
ϯһûж˵ʲôˡ
Ͼϱӵ£Ⱳӣȫ˶ڣ˺üεĿϯͬ뵽󷿵˺Ҫһ˵
ϯﴹӣ߳ȥȴ룬ҪҪϯͬС֪߰
ӦðԴ󷿵ˣʮ־ֻǷռˡ
ϯţϯȥ鷿ϯͬȻŮ˹鷿һ
ͻȻ鷿ﴫһʲô˵ϣϯͬŭ
Ҳһ䣬֮󣬾ϯһֱȰϯͬϲŭ
ڶ죬ϯͬȥ֮ǰСϣһʱ䣬ͰﶼúڼţĶȥҪǴɩ㣬ԸӦǣ˴ţҪǲԸӦǣ˰Ǹߡ
ϻΪϯͬǷű󷿵ռˣŻ˶Դ͵ͷӦˣүĺˣۼɲǰɩ˴ܶҲ˰æۼС˾ʮֻҪɩ۸ңһ˰ȥƴŲҪ棬ҲԲô󷿵ռһȥ


282 

С蹻ճһƵȥѧȴһģԻһš
ľһߵĽģû֨СȴĶ˺ü۽ģСүүôͻȻôȥѧ
Ҳ֪飬Ȼ˰ţаɡС۵ȵģʮֺ
ĿžϲĵĶ̵үºүǵү·ϳ⣬үѧҲҪע㣬ǧ򲻿ɶȥƫƧĵطϤҲҪ㡣
ΪΣͬѧҲôС蹰Ͱ͵Ŀ
صͷүΪİΣ룬Ǆeͬߡ
Ŷ֪ˡС蹾죬ԹԵӦ
գĺһֱʲôʦҪһ㣬ֲҶʡ
С蹺ϯͬ˺ϯ˳ȥϯͬȥС蹣ģֲţϯﵹǷһЩ
ǱߣϯͷԸȾȥʯԷ
Ⱦ첲ϵ˿ڣѾˣȥбϯСԷѾҲ֪ΪȾڷء
ź˺ϯﻹЩģ䶼Ĳ
ƼС㣬㻹侲侲ɣe߻ħ
ֵС㣬㶼źˣʲôϯҴ󷿵үүʹһΣǾ;ԲŹǡ
ţһΣҲ͡
ϯ˺һĲŽƽȻڴϣڹķ
ϯеҪֲһһϦ֮£ֻܰ飬ѭ򽥽
֮ϯͬСÿγţ߶źüˣһգû£󷿵Ҳû
Ϊһδ󷿵ʶڶѾռˣ˭֪ڴҶ΢΢֮ʣһգŹϯͬȥլһˡ
ϯϢҲҪһȥϯͬûͬ⣬ȥѧҺֲڼңʣ°һˣģڼúżңչ˰Ͱȥȥ
һˣ϶ǽţ׾ͷ˻
ϯͬ뵽һ㣬ϯҲ뵽һ㣬ԲŻҪͰһȥǣ뵽ʣһҼյ˶ˣֻʣȾһϯߣϯҲġ


283 ѧ

ϯ룬ͼҪϯͬƼҲһȥ
ϯͬ˵ḸӶ˲ýȥԺ϶ҪڶȺһ󷿵۸ϯͬϣ߾ֻһˣǻסˡ
ƼѾߣһԺ˻ӣҲ´󷿵˻۸ǡ
оǣƼǳҵѾߣϺͳ϶ڣҲ̫֡
ϯͬϺϯû˼䣬ȥʯԷϯ˵
£ϯ
ϯҲʲô֪
ããɹ˻ůģϯ緹Ժʯ£Ͱ壬Сһ۰ͰͿţһ߿һѧ
ϯ߽ȥžİЦڽСء
ѧ˶ˣӡƲƲ죬һСš
Сίүūϴɨ̴ūʲôɣūŷ·ЬūŶգһ۾壬үǲŻūһˣôѧû
Ⱦͻᡣ˺ߣΪСûѧ
СŶίˣͰ͵Ľ͵үȻд֣ūŲʶ֣ϵֶϲȫô壬ү㻹ūŰɣҪūŶɵɣѰȵǷݻˣūҲԸ⡣
ԸɻҲԸվѧ尡
Ӷʶôѧ
ү˺ö飬Ǽǲס
ϯһίĲеСţЦŶ԰аôͷŹСŰɣȻϲǾɵҲÿճʱ塣
㣬ǺͰһ壬һ塣ϯɸֵĵһСţڰΪϣǰڰ֣ˣȥСһˮɣͲѧˣԺڿ㣬ɵǡ
лүūţūԺһúøɻСŸм㣬ֶϯһūŶлС顣
ţȥɣһĿˡ
ǣС㡣
СŰȾܣ°ıƵġ
ϯ˿еϣԹ۰Ͱ壬֨
СŶ˲ˮϯ;ĺȲ裬ŰȺϯ൱ĹС
ˣһôȥˣʣС㣬緹ʱˣǰڴүԺԣǻСԷԣ
ʯԷ԰ɣ


284

ϯϯ緹ϯҪ˯ϯͽڻСԷϯ֪ǣ˯źϯֻʯԷһֱԺ˯
ϯ˺󣬼ϯԺΪʱģЦհôôУô
͵һˣ磬һһŻɡϯſҪ
һ죬ڰԺһУⲻ˻ỳʲôΪĻɣϯû¸
Ȼһ£ȻЦŵã㣬ãȣȥȡķı
һΪ˻ϴı飬ϯĺϸһ磬ֱ˵ϯͬϻˣĻŸոջá
ɫˣȥȥϯϵҶͶ԰
һС𻭣ʵ㣬Ȼˣðȸȥ
á
ϯʯԷϯϯ緹ϯҪ˯ϯͽڻСԷϯ֪ǣ˯źϯֻʯԷһֱԺ˯
ϯ˺󣬼ϯԺΪʱģЦհôôУô
͵һˣ磬һһŻɡϯſҪ
һ죬ڰԺһУⲻ˻ỳʲôΪĻɣϯû¸
Ȼһ£ȻЦŵã㣬ãȣȥȡķı
һΪ˻ϴı飬ϯĺϸһ磬ֱ˵ϯͬϻˣĻŸոջá
ɫˣȥȥϯϵҶͶ԰
һС𻭣ʵ㣬Ȼˣðȸȥ
á
ϯʯԷ͹Ȼһ£ȻЦŵã㣬ãȣȥȡķı
һΪ˻ϴı飬ϯĺϸһ磬ֱ˵ϯͬϻˣĻŸոջá
ɫˣȥȥϯϵҶͶ԰
һС𻭣ʵ㣬Ȼˣðȸȥ
á
ϯʯԷͼҴ


285 

ϯͬɫ䣬ǳϹ˵ʲôҲܼ˵ȥѰ
Ҫи̣ĲǴ󷿵ˣŮ蹻ôСֲã¶û䣬Ҫǳˣúôô㣬Ժ󣬲ܷʲô£һʱ嶯
ϯͬɫģҲʮִŵƲƲ죬ۿⲻ˵ôҲûôɵΪ˴󷿵ȥѰ°ϿͰ͵ء
ֵԺ󣬳ֱ˵Ҳˣǲ𣬻㲻𡣡
һΣòᣬŶˡ
ϯͬţͬ
ܶԶ֮ҲãȥԵĸĵѣȻһʱ嶯ӡ
ϼӦͻ˲٣ϯŮɫЩף͵ԼĻˣæ£Ҳͷɧȥͺˣ涪ǽ˵ġ
ԺɧҲ˵ǵĻҲûСС;ʧȥ۰ϯﱧŰĸ첲µҲ޼˳ϣ޼ϲ׽Ĵ󷿡
Ů֣ʲôŭҲûˣãӦ㣬ۼҵլҲÿȥȰǷծһ֣ҲֻóϺۺ죬˵һվǶ
⻰Ƕϯͬ˵ġ
ϯͬæӦá
ϲ˵Ҳȥҷ룬լиˡ
ϾСܻû
ʱ̣蹵ʱлҲˣЪһЪȥſӭһӭ蹡
˵ţˡ
һֱڹԷԺƼСˣæȥϯѯʣһһʮС㣬պūȥˣȻү̫̫շǵóһɡ
Ȼѷڴ󷿵飬˵һ顣
̫̫үһݣϾӣү̫̫£˵ǻү̫̫͵װϻӡ
ϯͬȻ¹Ҳ͵ͳϳ˵ϹǣͷˮϯͬڿҪȥϯ峤Ϊֻһ
峤ϾЩˣץϯҶûլһ˵¡
ⶰլӵӣ͵ϵϻӵӣүָ̫̫췢ģŻһѪ


286 

ūȥˣū澵վ˵ǽүģóϲţȥүȥүҲͲү̫̫͵ϻӵ¡
ǿƲҪָү˵ֶŮҪˣүΪװ壬ҲøֶŮһʼױǡ
ү˵լӣǷһծûӡ
Ͼͱүլ͸ϯױС㣬˵ôôҪأ
үϯͬͷּˣϯᰳףǴ󷿵£ضʲô£ô˼үҪôһױլôҲֵǧӰɣһֶŮױʮӵϵãһڣҪǧôô󡣡
ϯҶСС˼Ҽ׹ŮҲͼӵļױеʮӾͰŮ򷢳ˡ
һſڣǧȷʵ̫ˡ
Ҳѹ֣ϻ󣬻ĲС
Ƽ˵ʱҪ̫̫ڴ󷿣ү÷ϯ£ҺڣǼҪץ̫̫ӣ仨ˮǿ޹ŲӲġ
ʵʱңϺ߰˸ץϣƼѾһǰһ󣬰ϯͬϻм䣬ְѴ󷿵Ӻݺһ٣ϯͬŰȻլ
ûƼţϯͬϣҪԴ
һ뵽Ҫľ²ֻһСլôףӣׯӣⶰլӣᱻʨӴ󿪿Ҫߡ
ˣһ˽ֻԼӺãһ˵Ǵܣһ˹ĺá
һ˹úãǳеʹ
ڣڡϯȥŭͬʱҲܸмƼ
Ƽһ벻⣬үǼСҪΪСһѺΣգСС˵İȻū澼񡣡
һ˵һϯҶߡ
ʱСû
СͿ˰㣬˵ıϯǰЦС㣬ôվҵ𣿡
ţġϯǣС蹵С֣˶ţֵѧ϶ѧʲô
շûֻǲóдƪ£ͳдˣʱûҲǰ뿪ѧãֳдһƪ¡
С蹴ĸ߰㡣


287 蹳

ˣ𣿡
Ƿ纮Ѿˣ⼸գӶȥѧˣÿնǲ˿ҵССԴϾǶԷӵĵǡ
ϯ￴һۣ͵ðȥѧ֪Ӳˣ϶ȥ̽ġ
Сԣ۾һŰ㣬Ͱ͵ĵ㣬˵ӵİҲ˺þãѼӶˣӼӹĺ׾ݣ㣬ð༸ֻȥɣҲʡķȥ򼦲ӡ
аҪȥ˵СϯϡСܵ޵蹶þطӣТӣ֪ͼǸúӡ
С蹿һɬȴ߸Ȼܸء
ϣʱС蹾˵˷ͷӼ׾ݵ飬ϯͬץֻ͸ӡ
ϯͬȻܾСӡ
ֻѣľׯеǡ
ϯͬȥľׯץ
һ磬ϯͬҹֻһС𼦵ѣһĵȥѧ
ϯڼ䡣
һ磬ϯȥʯԷϯ緹ϯ˯ϯֻСԷ
׼䣬ƼͼҴС㣬СүǱ߳ˡ
ϯ´¶ղǻѧԷôͳˣ
˰СүƭѧһֱСү缸ѧţûʹô˵óѡ
ô˵û£
ϯʱ˰һ߼Ьһʵ
⡭Ƽ¶ڨڨȻ˵ǸС㰡ⲻ˵⣬ǧҪǹʵǣүүСүȥ˱Ժ
ϯɫʱߡ
æһ·ƼҴҳȥˡ
ȵ˱ԺΪС蹽һЩʱϯӵĵĺŭ˲仯ΪС
蹡
ϯﺰ
С蹼㣬ǽһ˰æϵ鼮ϯȻϯĴȣ޵ǽһ˺ѷΡ
㣬أҴˣҲòĻҲñƭѧ㱻ץߣ㣬Ұɣأ֪ˡ
ҪѵСһٵϯ
㣬֪ˣԺһԹĻҲ뿪ѧ˭ĻҲˣ㣬ء


288 

һپŵС蹣ˣ޵ĺί
ĵֺûĻ
Ű㣬ǿޣϴСַ˵ԺһĻ
ϯӵŭҲ᲻Сһ䡣
ϯӣóӣ۵ĸС蹲ϵˮ֪˾ͺãνѵԺɲ뿪ѧ
أ㣬Ҵˣء㣬Һ£ǺףҪץȥأ㡭
СϾɵˮղµֻ
ϯﲻ䷳Ĳһһ飬ˣѾûˣ蹱£аڣᱣ蹣蹲£²¡
ϯﱧСܣϸһٰСûˡ
С蹿޾ˣ޴ˣһߴãһСָү㣬ĸȵңԿɺˣϲģҽ⣬ıȷӻҪãĸˡ
ĸ磿
ϯͳ飬һߡ
룬˼ôȰ蹴ʮ߰꣬źӽĸ磬أˣ
䲻ݳΪСһΣϯܸм
ϯǣС蹣һֱү˸նлүСһҰŰݷãл񡣡
·ϣϯﶼƼ˵ˡ
ԭСǱϯͬƭųѧȻͱ챧ˡ
һֱڰС蹡
ڼк˳֣͸оԣĶȺһС蹱ץˡ
Ͻ׷ȥ
·ѧſһôʱƼ£͸Ͻһƣ磬ģǻʲôСүץˣ׷ȥ
ƺʶ󣬼æȥķ׷ȥ
һǰһݶϷٿ񱼡
һխ׷ˣֻ֣ǣҲ֪ʮˣ˽pͷ
С蹣һ˱ţ뿪ս
״ĲˣҪ׷ȥȴţѲ
ΪС蹾Ҫץߣǣϣôһɺϵ顣
Ǻ˱Сûܶã˳롣
ߵСӣ蹵ģһ۾ϳС蹣ָС蹺үϯССܣץˡ


289 

Сӻû䣬ͷɹȥס˺˵ȥ·
˵书ͳ̫ԶֱһӣУͰСϣ˺˵Ѩ˶á
һΣСþŻҡصһֱţǼˣԭڣɻһһֶֻҪƶͻᶾ
һɱ֣ǰѶҲֻҪж°ͣǾû취ɱɳû뵽ɱ־ȻڲͬѶڡ
ʱѾ
ƶ
ϯʮ־ȡ
䣬ȻҲ֪ܰѶڵˣԲһɱ֣ҲԲһ˼ɱ֡
ϯ￴ʵϿɲʲô
ϯ֪һ
һϸϸĲ顣
ֻǣܿϧûв鵽ҡͷûУõĵͨʲô־ҲûУ·ҲͨĺڲϣͨɱûΨںرҲδ˵ɱֻܰѶڵ¡
ֽϯС㣬˵ʵﵽ׻˭ôöԷȥץһӣ
ô֪ҵĳңӡʵɱ⣬ûˡϯҲͷء
ϯĻǴΪϾջҪլϯᰵױء
ϯҴʲôϯϯҴ󷿸ôɱ
ϯҴҲһЩèˣĻԺ
ǣǴ󷿵ˣ˭
ѵӡң
Ƕ̫̫
ԣҺӡףʮУӡɱ֣ڲסң벻֪ܲ
ӡңǴ󷿣˭
ϯͷ۵š
ԴҲ벻˭ȥ°߰蹡
£Ѿȥ飬գӦûϢŵķͻȻ
ϯ￴мòҪҪģлл㣬ǷһΡ
봽򣬡Ƽ˱ȥ󣬺ú÷һ١
ǣѾˡ
ϯѾܸмˣ󣬾һֱڱļˣǷǵ飬ȥ˼ҡ
Ȼ˵Ҳ֮£˼ȴĵƴڱ蹣Ǻܸм
Ƴһۺƿߣ㰢ܾСҪҪطϢѹѹٻȥ£ǲ㰢ɣ


290 

ţҰҰҪ֪ڰжԸСܣǵŻ˲ɣҰһҪ֪ðҲŵ㣬У⼸СȥѧҰҪ֪ɡ
ҪҲûҪ
ն˳룬һû룬ǰ蹾͡
նԷʧ֣׼һֻ°ˣһ㣬ò´ӽԺðڼ飬ҲԲȥա
Сͷ˸ž壬ϯ;ͬ飬СȥһͷȻȼһֻ㣬С˯ˡ
ϯﲻ뿪һӷڴߣȻһֱСߡ
˯ŵİ蹣˯лʱʱľһ£ϯ۵ᶼˡ
蹣һҪץĻ˭һŹԷһ㱨𡣡
ϯﰵĵ
㰢ôһİ㣬ҸҲˡ֪ʱ˽վϯ󣬵૵
ϯֱЩ죬ЩյָʲôʱģôԲţͽ
ҵıԺôܽ뿴۾ɵԲִƯСٺãҽʱûؽֻһƾͿˣģֻϯ蹵ġ
ϯ˵ʲô
ѵҪ˵Ůܹһң
߲룬ûò
˰ɣүʲôʱ򣬰Щ׹ؿ
ֲûйŮһҹ
οﻹһ˯ŵСء
ͻȻϯС㣬ҼǵãСǰ°߹α°ߵȻ°˵˲һôãĻһأ
˵Ҫ°߰蹵ǳ֪ϯɫüۼ仹Ũɱ㻳ɳ֪
벻ݳǳ˳̼ң˭ôɱ֣ңҲ֪ǳ֪һЩر𰮺ãСָܳһ㾫£ֻҪ֪һΣֻ¾ͻһֱŰɡ
ǻһ仰ôòģõġ
һΣϯ֣Ѱ蹵ϯֵͬ˽ӣ֪ûеõС蹡
һֱڵСء
ϯ˱۾۵ĺ⣬ڲ۵׺󣬲ۿɲûɣүȥ̸鿴
ţߵļ˾ͱˣǲУȥ˳̸Ҳᱻ˷֣óһȥɡ


291 ߰

̸вһƼļ˵Ĳ书򲻹ȥ˳̸ҲױԷ֡
һĲ书ǳҰõģȥ̸ֻ̽ɳһȥ
ϯӦá
ڣԳ룬ƤѾԽԽѾǷ顣
ȣ˺Сܵİȫġ
һգȫ룬һ˳£ʲôֲġ
Ȩףϯֻƾ
ǰãС蹾һ󣬾ͽĳ˯Уѹ֪Լİһֱߡ
ϯ˵˻ȥˡ
Сϯǡ
΢֪ͨһߡ
үҳŶûҰһҰûҺСܻȥᵣĵġƤٺҲ˼˼ҵ飬Է
ЦһѾСȥ֪ϯүϯ̫̫˵ŽӰ蹣·
ϯһ£ˣôҪܳԷҲǰһˣվСܵķϣƽϡ
ϯͰһ
󣬻һ߹
ȥʱǵſڣϯҪȥĲ̣һ䣬ллҽܶ˻Ҫȱߣ
΢ЦƬ̣Ͳȥ㰢ˣȥҲ룬úϢȳһϢˣһС㡣
á
ȥɡ
ۿϯܽ˴ź󣬲һתȥ
ϯС蹵֣·̣蹣£߰ðﵣģһȥߣհܲȥѧڼúѧϰ˵Ƿӵ˼Ӳˣһ£һ£㶼ȥѧ
㣬Ҽסˣһúø˵Ȼ֪
С蹹ԹԵͷ
ϯｫС͵Է
ѣŮСӻˣϷ»ӭ˳ҲţʱҲûˡ
ֵȥӰ蹣Ҳ˵һү֪ͯʱҺ㰢֪ˣϳ˵ķ͸˳ˡ
һڿϯţУҲŵǺ͹ġ


292 ֪2

´βˡϯæϴָСʹһɫ
СܵߣŰ֣ĸҺͰö࣬Ѿʢһ밢ﳢ
ӣô˻ûûүЦǡЦһ䣬ȴҲ˳СӵİţȻˣǾȥС¯һȣүʹүҲһȥ
ǣ̫̫
СˣʳУȥ˳
ϯûϯͬ°һ鷿ʹ˰ȥ鷿Ұ
ϯͬ⼸ˣ͵˾䣬

ϯ߽ȥ
ϯͬͷû̧۾˱ϵ֣žĴ̣ϯҲ
ֱϯͬˣ̧ͷϯŵ¸˵
ϯͬõ˱ŵһԣʵ߰ճţүȥģ
үʵСүүһ
⻰⣿ϯͬɫ΢΢˱䣬蹲Ǵѧôү
С蹱ƭѧһѧͱץˣҪǷֵļʱ׷ȥ·ү˰蹣ֻ°Ѿ°ˡ
ϯͬԣŭӣ˵ǲģ
֪°߰蹵ɱ֣Ҳֹ׷һʮˣҪүǽֻ»׶༪١
ȻϯͰѳĻɣҲϯͬ
ϯͬ޼ˣҧгݵǳ֪ɵģһƴҪҲҪȥŸۣҵҪôһҪ֪ߵıѣôΪոĸ١
嶯֪ʯͷǼüȥʯͷ򲻿ȡϯȰ
£ǳ֪ɵģҲıż̼ҲںݳȨƴھǻпɽ̼ҪǵǾ͸һֻһ򵥣򲻿ȥѻʯһװ³
һ밢Ͱ蹰㲻һʱ嶯Ͱȫ˶Σ֮ذ
ϯĳȰ˵һϯͬŽ侲
ɫϣһַ¶ʹԹ֮ɫ˵Ķԣ


293 ı

㰢ҪչˣҪǳʲô£ֻ²ó̼ҳ֣󲮴Ѫɸɾ
׾ͺã£ǲҪıȻûг̼Ȩƴ󣬿һգǻҵ취Ը̼ҵġ
ϯﻹϯͬүѾȥ̼ҵ飬ǳ̼ңգ¾ͻϢȣа蹣ջȥѧһ¼ٰɣʱðȥѧˡ
ţ°һȥ졣ϯͬүҲºɫͻ˲٣Ů֪˭ƭ㰢ܳѧģ
һͬү˵Ѿˣ蹵ͬ˶ԷӵĺôŻ˴ңԷȥҵİ蹣Ҳûлʲô
ο蹵ͬҲͱȰ蹴꣬Ǹӣ֪Էƭ
ϯۣͬסеŭ⣬ô˵ѧǱ֣ǲ鲻ʲôˡ
ȻԷ֣ܶǿ϶Ĩȥ˺ۼĸɸɾ
붼ûܴѧһ˿ȥǸ鲻
ϯڴǣһڳ̼Ҳʲô
蹲ȥѧԺţǶ߰ɣ綼ϡϯϯͬͬ⣬ֵүҼʱڼﱣҺͰﰢǣͷİɡ
ϯͬԣʹӦˡ
ϣϯڴϣϸŹڳ̼ҵ顣
֪ԶѾں֪λϴ˺ü꣬δʮ꣬ԶҲûƶλãһֱκֱ֪ԶĺúõģŰ|ͯ£Ҳһֱûбͱ
ֻͱҲֻͶһСʯӣһʼи춯⣬ͲѳԶôҲش
Ҫô죬ܳԶأ
ֻгԶŲ찢蹣Ҳδڼﲻţѧϰ
˵˵ȥ£󷿶ҪϯͬѰ͸ԶԶ֪蹵Ĵڡ
ϯԴ󷿵ˣֱ޵˼¡
޲øϱһõȥһȫ

գϯ˼ϯͬȥѧϯһµļڣȻȥ
ҵĶѾƳһ࣬СûٶȣһԼʱڣƺüҶеĶ


294 

ȣϯͬʮָл˼˸á
뵽ճ˰һϯͬñһл񣬸лľ֮ǡ
ϯͬȥѣ轣ȹƷȥ˲Ҷ̣Ѱҷƹ
ϯͬԭֱӴлȥҳ룬һ뵽Ǹæˣһڼȥҷƹ
ƹүСһ뵱лֲ֪үûпռңⲻҾƹˡ
ϯͬһҶ̺ĴңͿͿİ⣬߷ƹ
ƹһʼе£Ȼϯͬһͨͺ󣬾ˣƹҲһˣ͵ϯүүеæǲڸϣϯүŵù£ͽ£ҴתүΣ
ǾͶлƹ񣬸ƹԷϯͬͲ÷ƹĴڣҴܣҲүˡ
ϯͬ¶һˡ
磬ϯͷؼҳԷȥϯ磬ұһлүⶫǲٵģ˼Ҿ˰һͶٶࡣ
ʵүû˹
ô졣ôҲúüŻϢ
̼ͭǽһܻȥѾףҪٲʲô϶ҪһЩʱ䡣
ϯͬ̾һɫ̫࣬żˡ
˭ڵ֪ԼСӣἱĲˡ
ҪϯȰֻĻһʱ嶯ȥҳԶˡ
һ룬ȥҳԶֻܻܲŻһء
ϯͬϯ˵˻ȥϯСԷڹķ
պ󣬳ǱߣڴϢ˵ϯȥԺһˡ
ϯҴһһŵ·ҪȥͽḸ˶ϯͬˣֻһڣȴûгϯɵˡ
ƼС㣬ūϳ
𣿡
ϯĿƼڨȻū澻ûϹϳӦòѣūһ£
ϯ룬ʱҲҲֻƼˡ
һԵСӣֿ죬¶СС㣬ūŻūѧ϶Ƽϵĺãūϳɡ
С𣿡Ƽһ˫۾ɵͭһ󣬡ɲģҪС㣬үĲ㡣


295 

ߣƼ㣬Сˣ˵ϳǻϳҲ᲻װġ
СӱƼչĹĵģʮֿɰ
ϯļ룬Ҳ͹˲ôˣСӣϳƼҪģͺСһ档
ǣС㡣
ƼС⣬ϯһȣЩЩ롣
ԽǽԽ׳¡
СʱһŻζ޷ϯҲǰݺײ˹ȥ
Ӧ죬ĳ˰ϣסӡ
վȣƼŭǸϳ۾ûҼչ𣿻Ҽײ
Ǹϳû۾ɣո䣬յôռǵĵ㻹ˣԷУŭҲ١
ʲôĵҵİдˣҼѽƼŭŷ
ƼһϳԿοǶԷײƾʲôָ
ƼȥһѾס˶Էǣһת䡣
ԷˣҪʲôſҵ
ƼһҼм£Ҫ·ûոﳳ죬ȻҾҪعɡ
ҡһŵūţ֪˭㡭
㲻ҲһūţūţƾʲôЦūţҹ˭ҼӣӾҪ·
㡭㲻ٲſҾͳˡԷˣޣҪƼϳ顣
ƼҲǳصģ̧֣ץסޣߣӣң
Է˼£û鶯ޣԷˣ֣֡
һûأʲôְ
ƼڶԷٴʱ͵ɿ֡
ԷӴһ󵹣Դϣ۵ںʹ
ƼЦ
ȻɿԼϣԸСӼݳ뿪
֮ʣͻȻһϯС㣬ôɣˡ
𣬶ԷҲͣϯǰ
Цĵ֮ǰѾЩ죬һʱ֮벻ĶֱղţڳһţҲѾߣϯС㣬㲻³Ҵкô


296 жԶԶ

Ҳֹûʵ⼸̫æˣѹϯ˵Ĵڡ
ֱһŵžգϯѾߡ
æԸͣͼ³ϯǰһߣټ棬ֲ֪ʱ
ϯﲻ˼Ҷָˣٲȥ¶ֻ¹Ųš
ϯֻһ񣬵ԭǹӵɣղЩ³çӄeˣкҴˣһ£ˡ㡣
ϯ˵ҪߣɫҲһ˿С
㾿ʲô£ͣ˵仰ĹûУ
ӣҵ˽£޿ɷ档ϯתͷһۡ
ٺЦˣ˿ûľҺܺأϯС㣬˵ҲԵһٵˣҽйֱӺ񣬽йӣ̫ˡ
ӣǱͲϤֱ̫ˡϯܾˡ
ǰϯЦǵΣҶѾϤˣҲ֪ϯס˵ϴϯС㻹ƭң˵ҲסϯС㣬ΪҪƭң
Ҹ㲻죬ƾʲôҪҼסĶô˵ģϯĺͷۣҽм£ÿeҵˣҵĴ£ҿĲ㡣
˵ţȹڣ
ԸСӣϳٲ·ֱײȥ
ϯС㣬úݵģֻ㽻ѶѣҪײôúúãҲ˵ˣ··ôٺٺ٣ϯС㣬пգһϸϰݷŶ
뿪ǰϯ˹ҪݷõĻһġ
˱ԺϯɫˣСӣô£·ϣʲô£
ССĿһϯȻҪϯȴȿڵûʲô£һӶѡ
ү˹񡣡

üͷϯʶ
ڰ¼һΣǰּһΣǵϯûȫ˵ˡ
ҲˣƼء
ɫʱܲԺжԶԶٺ˵ҲĻҪʲôǧeӦ


297 ծ

үʶ
ѯʣǿ϶
ţģҹӵܣھ£ŻᵽϷѡ
ڹǾˣϯʮ졣
ҵһμڰſڰڵ̯߿һС̣۸̫ߣȥ򡣡
˶٣˵ӡݺʱ֪ҾͰӡȾСϣһĻǡɱ񿴵Ҿͱˡ
ɫٺڣԺҪв㣬װɵ㶾С
ϯûľϣ͸¶Σ֮ԻϷѣΪһծͶ˼λСףŵ˼һȢԷΪޣλСĳͬһȥ̸ˣ²ű¶λСҲҴ˼ҵС㣬ԼŮŪԷ׷Ź񡣡
鱩¶󣬾ˣҳߣڹһңλСˣȥҴӣҪȥǵ״
붢Ī⣬͹֪ƭ˶Сģ֪˶Ůᣬ˵ûȢޣʮС檣ƤҪ޸ģϯС㣬ǾһУԺ㲻Ҫٱƭ
ʲôʱƭˣϯƲƲ죬ұͲϲôͳû˵仰˵ˣֲֹ⿴ӵˡ
֪ͺá

ϯ򽹼ʵү㻹ûңǲǳ̼Ϣˣ
룺ǻط˵
ϯȥ˺ͤԸѾСʮţϯͤΪϯ衣
ϯȲ裬Ͱ͵ĿүԸ˰ɣ
ţһǴϢ˵ǽһ磬֪ȥ˳̼һԺڱԺһֳ⣬ȫʮҵĺӣҶǳƯͯ
һ裬һߵ
ЩͯϲŴڣȫ||Ժ߶кüϻ˺ۣˣҲ;ˣȫǱӳˡ
Ȼ˹ġ
ϯ𣬵һΰ蹱°ߺԺӡ
ϯǲǱߣ
𴽽ǣЦϴȥңһ˱ͽȥϯΰ
һûһʼδϳӺΰһôһ£صϸϯΰвµľɵıˡ


298 ̼ұԺ

ϯԣۿʱˣĵһð
ⱲӣΪŵԾС蹡
ϱӣûȣСǲҲЩͯһһֱԶŰ|棬ӣһֱ
һ뵽Сܣȹĥϯ۵ؿڣŴŵµ
ŻˣڵվߵСߣôˣôžͿˣͬǣ
ΪϯͬԺͯ
һɾӣϲ˲ϵĿ˺࣬ǻҲУͬ飬ܸıʲôأˣˣٿȥҾͲ˵ˡ
ĲСϵˮеʹһһεıѹȥȻ̧ͷͰ͵ĿܲܰǾȳ
ѾͷҳȻ̼ңҲͳ̼ҳɳңǶԳûôУһЩͯǳԶūԶŰǣҲȥΪǳͷ
ūӵģ˵Ű|棬ǻӵģҲ
Ӵūŵ˺࣬ڴ˼Ժ⼸¡
¾㱻ȥԶҲе˿Ӱ첻Ĺ;οԶ֮Իݸ鸻֪֮ɽƾ°⵹ǲס
ǲףǸͲС
ӴūţοԶֻŪ˼Сūš
ϯֻǡֻҪһ뵽ô۵СӣԶһĥŪ۵Ĳˡ
οǰЩŪСУһС蹣͸۵Կء
밲˺һϯ侲
룬ǸүΪˣ֮ǰ˵Ļ͵ûɡ
ʵү°蹵ˣǲǳ֪
ü΢΢ҡͷ⼸գ֪һֱڸð참رϯҴǼ͵԰ӣһֱţС͵ûţϯҲҲûһϯүȥôߴٳ֪֪ǽͷöһü죬Ҳͽգȥ˱Ժһʱģٶ
Ҳ˵ģһֻҪͷСܣһж
ôȷ°С蹵ĻˣǲǳԶ֮ǰӣС蹶ȥѧ
Էһֻܴڼֱ½


299

һߣϯ˺󣬹С˾ֺӵүǲϲλϯС㣬ҪūȥϯС㣬ûж£ҪûүֱýȥףȢүС檣Ժү棬ҲиңүҲȤζүΣ
ˣ۾С˵Ĳ
һ뵽ϯÿοʱ˫Į񣬹ʱЪˡ
ָС˵ıӣΪ˭޸檣ûϯСÿοʱң۶ûһۣΪܼ޸ң
ûĵСһۡ
Щˣǿĸ檡
ҪǿȢֻµȴĻʬ塣
ϯС㣬һԵѾͷ
ү֪ʵݣҪ֪ˣϸӰͽ㣬ɵ㴲ҪСƲƲ죬ССС㣬ʲôø߰ġ
ٸ߰ˣٵ֪ӵݺ󣬶һֻӬճ
ȥȥȥΪ˭ЩĻء
ͷߴС˸ϳ
ڳԺϯ˿֪СˣȢ檵顣
ϯڱԺ˷󣬾뿪ˡ
صңϯ͵˴ϡ
ֱϣ͵ƣƹһ۾ϯˡ
С㣬ˣҪٲѣū澾Ҫˡϯ۾æȥ̺ϯ𴲡
ϯʣʲôʱˣ
յʱūҪСءӣС㴩ЬӣȻԱϴ·̺С㴩ϡ
ү𣿡ϯʡ
ˣСջãүͻˣһֱʯԷ̵λү顣
󣬼ϴһ£ѾǾͰѷ˶ںˡ
˷ϯ˯ˣȥ˹ԷҰ˵
ϯͬ˵ĸֽһ󶩵ǾʮţҪõ𡣡
ʮţգ¹ʢǰõ𣬶ڱ˼ġ
һΣµס˵ϯ㣬ȼպһ̴ζҶ۸ʮֱˣͨ۸һ¾Ѱϯһ󶩵
ϯ̵ͬĵѰϴθ㣬ϯ⼸գӲϡ


300

ȻһЩСӣӣ˳үĸܽӵѾϯͬˡ
˵һõĿʼ
ϯﵣĵҵĵӣǻûɣֽµĵӣܰ𣿡
ܣѾȥм㹤˻Ҳʱˡ
÷չպӵĶҲԽԽ࣬ļǻæ
ͼݶûүļ㹤ˣֻҲɲ
Ҳүˡ
үˣȼҶɺ󣬻ҪȥģԣҪʱ䣬㹤˳
ϯｨв򣬰ȥ򼸸˻ǵ㹤ְֵĽ̼գϣҲ½̻ǺӲɡ
ϯͬ۾һͷãǾô죬һȥС
˵£ϯ룬ǰү£ϯͬ
ϯͬһֺ࣬εūûȨԣǵӵģǾͻˡ
Ҫ֣͹ûͶ̥ⱲӣˣŻܴĥϯͬ
ϯıµĳģ߰˵ҲܹʹѵҲûͶ̥
ǣϯҵСү
ϯ䲻ǴŴ˼ңҲСмҵܱһ±飬ΪȢӣ۰㰢ϲôͲˣ
ҪϯҴ󷿵˺˶ôûͶ̥
ϯ뺰ȴʲôҲ˵ֻܱڶȻǣԼСԷ
ϣϯһ֧㣬ʹԼ˯š
գϯͬȥУ˰˸ʮµūţȥ
һգϯͬæ緹ûؼҳԡ
ס£ϯͬ˸ϯңסڵ֪ͨǵķˡ
ڶգϯͬŹˣ֮ϯϯͬ˵һСԺӸסػص˵Ĺ
Ȼϯͬÿ飬ʱֱЪϢûл
ϯ˹ע̼ҺϯҴ󷿵º󣬾һ䣬ȥʯԷܣܹС
С֮ǰһĶ飬ôԸϰ䣬ٴ°С蹺ˣ¶ÿտճʱͰһϰ䡣


301 

ϯϰѾһʱ䣬رϯ˵ϰܸʣͰеʱ䶼ϰ䣬ֻϯ蹹һѧϰŻԼЪ㰢ܶ顣
Ҳڵȷʵǰǿ˲٣·ǰоԷҲǰһ롣
գϯգϯʮּһȭϯ￴
ȭһʮʽʮУһӣȾ߰Խ̻ϯ
ϯһ󣬶ͷϾͳһȺϢЩ˲ϲһѺȵĿŰ㣬㣬ôĶԲԣ
ţܶԡ
ϯ۵ùӣ󰢵ܲ˲·ʪˣݻ·ȥ
û£㣬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬㺹Ҳٷϯ΢Ц
һʱ䣬Ժ䣬ÿ󣬶һֻҪϣתһȦ󣬻ͻůģ
ңڵĺ
зֵġ
ںҲͲô׷
㣬ҲȭС蹴չͰ͵ĿŰ㣬㣬㿴
˵ţС蹾ģ
С䣬ŮһһûУҲûомвλ
ȾһԱ߿ָ
Сţһ顣
Ȼûϯоʽȴλˡ
ϯʱÿһʽʱȭͷ϶СȴƮƮģûʲô
ϯߵСߣСܵԴʵûкͰһڹķ
УڻûСЩɥĵԴ˵ڹķڶ죬ܸеڽתȴо
㻹ûվϡϯЦЦͰԼڹķľϸСܣȻһԣһеġ
лл㣬ھͻ˾ȥԡСȲľܻ˾ӡ
⼸գСûȥѧͲϣԼᵽ˾סϯʯԷֻһԺǽ
С㣬ȥָүѲ蹵񣬶ϯЦЦ׷Сȥˡ
ϯʯԷ׵̸ϯϯԭϯһνֱϯһ׵ȫס˺ϯ뿪ʯԷ


302 Ƹ

ϯܣæǿԼæʱϯҴ󷿻ڼɹȮĳ֡
ϼĸûܱϯͬլϯױǲģʹ˳̼ҸϯƸ⡣
ϯϺͳ̼ҶүĻ¶º󣬳̼Ǳ߾һƸӹϯҴ󷿵ĵĸլһﶼڴ̼ҵƸӣȻҲ͵ĸϡ
ϼ̼͹Ƹ٣͵ˡ
ֻƸҪ˻֮󣬲͹ϵҲûãҲŪ
˼룬Ҫϯϼ޳ȥ
ⲻϺͳ¡
ţϯҵճŮļױϵϯҵ棬ҹҲöðЩױȻױˣȥżңż˻ῴϯҲû
ϯңͿⷿǵüƽ֣ׯӶڴģֶܶѹ˳̼ң˵Ǻã
ǿһȻͰ͵ĿųϣҪΪͷֻҪĸ˿ڣʱϯϲԸ⣬ҲԸ⡣
˭ϯϾһƿǮϯûλ
ƤӣһҪʲôۣ
˵ģʲôʱˣһУΪϯҺá
һҲĴԲѡ
£˵˵ȥҲֶүϲʶȤ˵ҪǴӦ˰ѶլױǻͷôǸСլȻֵӣŵױҲһЩ˭֪үϱģϯҪˣûױѵ尢ܺȥ
ƲƲ죬̲סϯͬһ١
ڳģһۣûױ˭ţ
ҪѼᰰðļױ͵ˣǼΪ·
£ûϺɫ
Ĵ˴ӣҲ뷢飬Ҫ֪ϻӻᶪ챧˯ҶԸ⡣
ϻѾˣ᲻ܣҪǰᰵļױôð죬үӲͬ⣬լǾ͹ᰵ£УڳСѾߣǳҵѾߣ˺ͳҵߵĽֻպ󶼲ܴӶǱռʲôˣǱߣǻʱҪȥˣǻ뵱°ɡ


303

ʲô£ƿƤӣ
Ͼó˳̼͹Ƹӵݸǳ̼͹Ƹӣ㿴
һƸд˲ٺöرǰ漸⣬ʨӵȣǹƷ
һʮ̧Ǻö
·ĲϣǾϺõĽС
̼Ҷүǳ̼ҵӣճ̼ҹأƸûô࣬Ҳûôã˭ó̶үһǮľ˼ҡ
ף˾˵õϢǰһöһ͵̶үͷ̶үȫǶƸУҪ͵ϯ
˵ͷ˼Ҽ޹ŮƸ͹ȳʱԭͻأҪһʼױ
ҲΪγ̶ү˾ĲƸ͵ϯԭ
Ϊڳֻ̼һӣպּңµĲᵱǳ̼ҵһֲ
ʲԺΪϯϵļױ̧س̼Һ󣬳̼ҾͲٰʲƲ㵽̼ҲƲУΪϯϵļױϯϵ˽ʱ򣬳̼ҷּңʲȫڳ̼Ҷүӵģ̼Ӿͷֲ
̶ү͵ϯĿģǲ뱻ֵ̼ռ׾˾˵ıˡ
ɳ̶үû뵽ϾȻ᲻ҪģҪ̰̼Ƹ
ϿһƸӺҲʮ־̼ҵĴֱʡ
̼Ҷүһӣû뵽Ƹðô񡣡
Ȼֳ˵ͶƸҲͶټױǣ˵Ǽ׾ݣòôһʼױ֮ǰɿʱҲð첻ôļױ£ҿĸȥ̷˺ú˵˵ǳ̼ҵû˵ôƸ
˼ͷƸǿϯңȥ˵ͲױǲǴϯҵô£򲻿ȥҳ̷ˡ
ĿһſڣѾصĺúõģѹҵһð취ð찢ᰵļױðϼ޵ķġ
Ϻദ˶ʮ꣬ϱһƨ|ɣϾܲ³Ҫʲôʺ
һϱ飬֪һıʲô¡
ÿıµĿģΪϯҺãԳҲţʣʲô취
ϷֵЦֱ˵ݳһطרһЩŶֻͰڼкõģҲһģǿȥҼŵӲĶҽ


304 Ѫͷ

ˣһ˷ˣϯҵҪˣ˵ңǰᰰԺţҲᱻָűӳЦŭ
ϵƤӣҪһЩȽȫ泤Զδǰɱǡ
Ϊ˰ᰣ㻹ȫ˶ˮɣ׹ŮɰҲ׶ӣֻɷʱûһ¶ɷӾûš
ңϯҺͳ̼Ҳףǳˡ
Ϊ˰һˣҪϯҶ棬Ҫͳ̼ҽô㣬ôֵ
ϰƸӽⵥӣʱ̼Ժ͹Ƹ񣬲֣ƹܡ
¶ϱ಻壬ѳ̼ҵƸ
̼Ȩƴھǻбɲϯͷ
ϼĸӦˣôͲܳѽҪˣеķնõķӣͬ£ұ֤һ˶Ŀĵˮ©˷֡
˵ĺš
ȴһֲš
ָӴǸɵӣΪ˶һɵأҸ㣬̼ʲô˼ң˼ҵƸ񶼻ɼٵģ˼ҷֺ󣬲㣿
Ҳ˵Է֣ᷢ˼ҲɵӣԼĶϲ
һţ˼죬ôһⲻҪﰢᰳﱸױҪϯ˶ˮƣҲ
Ҹϣڵһ죬ͱܻϯҡ
ŭԲؿһһ
ֱģϲסݣûмȥ
ĹѪͷϣ˿Ͱ͵ģ֮ǰ˷ܶʧˣֵϻί
ǱϺġ
ϳ˳סԺӺίıʱŤһݺ޵Ķ㱻ҧ顣
ţͷǶvĸŮأ˵ʲôΪϯҺãϯҶޣƸֲϯһƾʲô˼ҶܻϯҲܻŵѳ̼ҵƸˣ̼˷ֺ󣬻ϯСvˡ
վڳԺſڣϺݺ˺üڣһ뿪ˡ
ϲδʹ˰ݡ
Ը䣬Σȫóһ飬ЩȫһԣҲпȥ̣Щµʽʱױ


305 һ

κΣСϻװվʹ˳ţǰѽη˼ӵֹѽȥɵĽһµĳͷ档
ͷ棬ûܳʱϾʹԼӣһϻΣȥ˵̣һٶӣȻӣȥ˾г
һʱϵ顣
ϻϯҴ󷿺ϢҲϯ
ϯ֪ϵȲǺݺݳ˼¡
ǲܡ
üڼ̼Ƹеڼĳ
£ö಻ҪˣŻȥ
ϯ䲻Ҵ壬ںݳǣǰҲͷ˼ңԴ󷿺ͶּҺ󣬴󷿵ΪͳûûƤ
ֻҪΪ棬ʲô鶼ܸɵĳ
˵ҪֻҪкôǰ˦˼ҲȣҲԸ⡣
С㣬Ҫôˣպϯ᰾ŷļױȥżңҲⲻ˻ᱻָָ㣬үǰָ̣̼Σ֪ϯᰵļױǴӳ̼ҵƸģ˵ҵ˻ϯᰣ
Ҫҵ̼ҵĽ࣬ҲĽϯݻҲŹ֡
ϼȻϲǾԽԽãǾһԿϷͳɡϯЦĵ
Ȼڹؼʱ̣ӱһѣȻһ³
һ뵽պᱻϯͺܺá
֮󣬽գÿ춼͵͵ϯ㱨ϵһһ
˵ϱųϣ͵͵ȥгһѰڼƷ
С㣬Ҫ̼Ƹ飬Ҳ֪˭֪ﵱȥϯֺͬһٿȻϯͬ־Ͱϸˡ
ϣ˷ܵϯϢ
Ż˵ϵԴȳͷҪϯ᰺ϯýøϵ飬ֻϯֻͬϡ
ϯˣԭЩԴһˡ
ǺǵЦŸտʼأҪϯַͬϻһӣֻһѼٹŶֻ¾Ͳֻǽݻô򵥵¡
۾һС㣬ҪҪ½͸¶ϯ֪ͬ
ǵãϯͬھ֪ˣպûϷɿˡҪϵĴϷ
ϵıƲŸտʼԲ±ϯֶͬɱҡܣҪڱһѣף³ɡ


306 

С㣬ǲ뵽ʲô⣿ͬųѵƼգգ۾ϯ
ϯһĿϣЦЦҼǵãݳǱߣһӣʮ֪ģ֪һһ׼
С㣬Ӻʲôϵ
Ƽ˵ֱԴҲЩֱСղŻϵ£ôͻȻת
ϯƼװһ£ȥǹӣȥ̼һˣ˵¶үнһ٣¹֮ǣףϲ³٣ٹԻ
ϯ˵ôƼɵӣҲϯĴ㡣
ƼֺǺǵӦūˣūһȥǹӡ
գƼȥǹӣ˶Ӳͨ
պ󣬹ȥһ˳̼ң֮󣬳̼ҾʹҴýȥϯһˣԭپٰĻǰ˾ʮš
ϴ󾪣ýӣôͻȻҪǰˣѾͷʮ꣬ûܸأôܼˣ
ѽ̫̫ҾͲ˵үһҪ⣬˼Һö˵ˣҪϲõģϯͬϯС޹ȥΪ˶үã̼һȸүȢһţȢȻûȢϲ´󣬿Ҳһ׮ϲ£Ҳܻѡ
϶ʱɵˡ
ܾɾܾˣһ̼ĸүȢǲǴϯҵô
һ棬Ȼ̶үûȢ֮ǰȢ
̫̫˼˺ð죬ųüҲǲͬ⣬ֻǣѾͷ滹δĽڣãȻҪȽӺֵˣǰӣպҴŮ¿ô죿ҲֻŰϣ˰ð
ȼˣ֮󣬽һ㶼żҡ
ϯŮϯϲƿڳĵȻƫԼŮ
οϯ̶ү£ϯϴϯᰵߵģһ㣬ϾͿϯϲ˳ۣҲ͸ӲҪϯƽƽ˳˳޹ȥ
ýԣЦЦǺ˵ʮţм£ӾһЩ⼸£ϯҶС㿴żΣ
ЦˣǸãֻҪҵĴŮ˺żңǽ˭ȼޣ˭ޣҲ㣬Ҳ⣬Ϊѳ̼ңֻ£Ҫˡ


307 ױ

ýȻڴӦ
ϯϺͳ̶үĻھôˣӾʮţӡ
Ӷº͵ϯͬǰ޿䣬˵үô˵ڽһҪף㲻ܲܰ
ϯְͬһҲûϯϵĻڼˣҵҲܣҲѰϷļ޳ȥöԵһɼʲôҲ֪Ȳ˵Ƿĸǰǧӵծûϣдӳ֪ϽǧҲҪһӵծ񣬽֮ڣ뻹壬ȻۼƬɾͱסˡ
ϯϵϯûʱ䣬ϯֶͬŮҲûʲô飬ףϯͬһǮҲ
οϯϻһֻǣιٺöιİǡ
ССͣսδ̫ĺ
Ҫ˰᰺ͳ̼ҵĻ£޽̼ҵ˾ǰᰣϯŮ
ϯͬûİϳϯңѾǶʴȣҪΪðһݷļױǺǣĳڡ
ϯͬ۵ǲͣʱģүһշްն͵ҵķϣðϼ޵ĺÿһЩòã
䣬ϯҲʱ䣬֮ǰһֱǮҪױ㲻ңȥǮˣô˵ѪǮҵѪϯҵѪ
ϯͬĮܾĿ
ҧгݣͺǮûϵˣϯˣϵϯҵļףүѵҪΪһӣͲϰŮ
Ҫ˰ᰵĻµգҾͻϳϯҴţΪϳϯҺ󣬳̼ҶүȢϯֺͬЦ䣬Ůǰǣ죬ҺϯҵļϣϯҶʲô
ҺͰᰰõĸŮ֮飬ᰢᰵĻ£Ĵϣ䣬ϯһУ㲻Ҫ˵㶼֪
ʱҿڡ
֪֪Щ£ڰʹԲϯ֪ͬࡣ
ˡ
ϯͬЦһȻǰͷһӵծ
ţȥ̼һˣߴ֪߳ưѱ͵ϻһ
ˣϻһӦ֪ԭһðϯ޵ӣתϯޣóǧӸϯðױ


308 ײ

ϯϵļױǸ̼ҵģ֪ϯϱϣҲöʹϲǡ
˼ˣϯִͬҴҷԸ˱һӺͳȥ˳̼ҡ
ֻǣϯֽͬճʱûпھһʱײһӣӵʱͷ˳ȥԴĳѪҲˣ˵ʱ۵Ļȥ
ǸСһϽӳˣ統ͷԸСסϯֵͬϯͬ뿪Ȼȥٰѵܵȥҽݡ
ܿ죬ٲˡ
εʮֵܴҴҶײ˵ϯ֣ͬεӺݺһͷԸٲϯͬ복һ𣬴ȥš
ͷⶼᣬǺԼײֲǡϯͬЦŽ͵
Ļﻰ⣬͸¶һϢϣεܿϯҺͳ̼׵ķϣѹȥ
εףϯү⻰⣿ѵ˵үԼˣȥײ
үϯֶͬʱЩˣǸͳ׵ң
ںݳǣмңεϯͬһۣôһҲ֪Ӣʲô
ѵΪ˳ıÿ
εϯͬʱһҪٵͷ
ϯͬ˿֪εʲôЦͷܲܰҺ˵˵飬͡ͱˣ״ֽԸ⳥һҽҩѡ
뵽Ҫԩ໨һӳȥϯͬ۵ԴڵѪ
ڽճˡ
֪Ż鷳Ͳóš
鷳ѾˣҪٵңԺϯҵӣǻѹ
ε񣬸ӱģ£ҹܲţҺͽ⣬Լȥ̸ֻץˡ
Ȼ˼ǲ
ϯֶͬʱˣȴұֳЦͷҺ˲ʶϤͽ⡭ͷֻҪΪ˵仰³ɣһĺô
ϯֱͬƲѣŵô
εЦһ㿴ȱӻ
Ҫǲ밢Ӣ±ыD밢ӢˣҲλὫϯͬŪȻĥ
ޣҴ߰ӢŪϯͬˡ
û㲻ȱӻͷͿϯҺͳ̼׵ķϣһѰɡϯͬѵõĿ


309 ʮ

֪ǣǰεϵ|ͷ޲ôܻ
εϯִͬš
ѵ֪Ϣĳ֪ͷϯֺͬͳ˹¡
֮ǰүҲһվš
ݺݵĵϯ֣֪ͬү˵ײĿˣɱˣ֪үɱҪҪһһ⳥ҡ
⡭ⲻҵ£֪үүͻȻײҵ·ߵ˶пҵ
ϯͬæΪԼ⡣
֪ޱ͵һ¾ľǳ⣬죬ôã֣˻ûǣǾͳʲô
һ䣬Ǵһ䣬֮󣬱˻ݰ飬鴦
ĸ֣Ƕϯͬ˵ġ
Ͼף֪ҲϯͬһӣҲҪһ׼ңⰸӣϯ֣ͬôϯҺͳ̼£¾Ҫˡ
֪ʰ
үϯ֣ͬϯҳ򣬶һһʮ˵ˡ
ϯֱͬץٸ󲻾ãϢʹϯ
ϯ˵㵸ֲ֧ģǧeȻһգᱨӦԼϡ
ⲻϯֽͬվͱӦˡ
ϯ˵ƼȥſڿһϢ;
ϯҪϯֻͬ᲻ᱻ̡
Ͼײˣүϰ˺̫ү谮Сӡ
˱ײĻҲˣүôϯֲͬŹ֡

ϯϣڵ֪үϯֵͬײһϢ̫үŭԴȥ˹ٸҪ֪ϯͬʮ̡
үû㲻ɱˣв̣̫үҪϯͬһӵΣϯͬʮˣʮΣ㲻Ҳǹϡ֮ˣοֵطܰʮȥ
һԵεҲͲϯͬһΣ֪ıϯ֣ͬǰڳ֪˵һʲôԭԥĳ֪ϯͬʮ֮֡
ϯ֪ͬоʱ˶ˣԺһƬհףʲô뷨ûˣ˴͵ĹŴ룬ɵһ㡣
ֱε֣ҪȥϯֲͬȻع
ϯִͬе֪ԩԩүԼײҵûϵⲻܹﵽͷϰ


310 

ּеָųҵײүҪ̣Ҳг̣Һθɣ
̫үߵϯҵģϯһ֮ʱϣײˣ㣬ֻһūţѵҵСһֻһūţ
Ҳˣϯͬһʮ
ܿ죬ϯֺͬͳ˾ͱٲѹȥ
ϯ֪Ϣ˷ܵķԸݵк£һ£ϸҼӲͣȥмʮ廨ʮ㣬һԡ
ϣūȥ
ЦӦ
ϯҶ˵ʱϯҴ󷿵˵õϢϺ϶ܲ˴̼εȥ
ϯҶʱҡ
ϯȥ棬ûϯæױ׵Ʒûгţ֪ϢʱϺͳ˫˫ԡ
ϯᰴ󾪣æһȥһ߷Ըȥ
ϯ᰸ϵʱϯſڴϣ޵ĲԼ
㣬أץˣԺǼҿô찡ϯúܵϯһʹȥ
»ûͽ˴Ժ϶ᶨżң˭һԸҪһεŮΪް
ϯһ뵽ԼżңҪ˳Цţ;ǰ·һƬڰٿԲѵϣϯǽһ
ϯҲͣΪ£ǣĻһף
ôţӴҴҽС㣬ˣˣ̼ˣСĸͻˣڴÿء
ϯɫһף˶ʱ̱ڵϣ૵ˣˣϯҪˡ
ϯ˽ϯ᰻ϯ᰿޵㣬㲻Ҫģ̼ףϯϵ£ҵ£˵ܱء
̼ҶˣǱߵϢҲءô绹úõأô͡ʲô鷳ôͻȻץˣ
ϯһ㣬µѹʹ
ڽö˿޵ĲԼʱˡ
ϰû£ܴ̼εˣһ˾ˡ
Ѻ󣬺ޣʹ飬ȫû⣬ֻ֪Ů
ǳ󣬵ࡣ
æȥϯֵͬ顣
֪ϯͬǵңүײһϢ󣬳ϵϣԸ˱һݺϯϯĸŮ˵


311 Ų

ϼ˵ҴſڣŶûܽȥͱ˸ˡ
ϯңĵһѣһѣɵ뷨Ӱү̳Ȼһ˿ô
һţ£֪ޣһæҲﲻϰֻ֣Ϻȡ
Ϻüš
۵İŶӴҽС
ϯųϣ̣Ҳż£ŻҵͱƽϺòã
ϺһݺݵϣڰᰵķϣҾһأ´Ŀ޿ģ͸ҹȥ
ŵòٿޡ
᰷ųϣ׵£̣Ѿˣѳ䶨ȳǷ˵ҳ״氢״ֽ
ѣ㰢ڴײүĿ֮£ôΨһİ취ֻңɽҲˣҵ̬ȡء
ؿڣ۶Ҫڴĥѡ
Ҳ֪εĲûд֡
ͻȻקϯᰵĸ첲ᰣȥ׼һЩ·ͳʳЩӣȥδһ²ۣڸ㰢ȥһЩԵĴġ
ạ̃ӦҲ֪ˣȥ
ϯҴһˣϯֳͬˣΨһܳͲ۴򽻵Ψϯ塣
ʱϯվ
Ƭ̺ϯ᰾ʹɫŵϯˡ
ϯһţͽʵ̣ô£ҰôͻȻץˣǲڹ⺦
ϵҲ˺ϯ֣ͬͿԸԷҪ֪˽
ɲҵǣûݺϯ֣ͬϯֵͬùŻ콵
ϿΨһĵ壬Ѿ׼˳ʳһȥһ̽㰢ôˣдεĲۣ㶼һ£㰢ܿࡣ
˶٣ֵ壬㰢ˣԺ㲻ȥģҪٶȥǴ󷿾Ҫˡ
̣Ͳˡ
һΣϯһӣǷ¶ĳǧǷӺͲٽĳӣòʱĳͻῳ첲ȡ
ȻĲ񫣬üζƲסԼȥĳһ뵽ȥĴһֻ첲һȣϯˣͷģҲȥġ


312 ϯͬ

ϯųϱõĶȥš
ʱǰʱ֣ι̽ʱϯͷĲãԷҲûӦȥ
Σֻ۵óӣԷͨͨڣֻ͵Ұͳ
ϯҴүҲΪѰдεĹأƻأǾ֪һȣϯҴү㲻ΪƾһССϯңֵƴǰȫɣ
ϯʱƿԡ
һѶ㬵Ļϯҡ
ϻû˯ͷһֱϯֵͬ£˯ţڴõϯ
ϯյңϾͼеӭȥʵ壬㰢ûôˣûаûгԱ
ʳһ⡣
ϯҡҡͷ˵ˣ̽ﷸʱ˽ȥ̣ȥɡ
ʧĵϣ૵û뵽һγ̼һôϯң֮Σ侮ʯϯϵ£̼ôôģһ涼
̣̼ߣǱָˣ֮ǰҰ˵ʶҵˣ̣ȥ尢ðȥ飬ֻҪҵ˿ϳ棬ͻоȡ
ˣôû뵽һ´ȣгϣ֮⣬ҺͳһףҼǵóҵĴ̫̫ȢľҵĵճŮֻҪܳΪϯ˵ûҾͻ᳷״ֻֽҪҲ氢֣ǰֵİӾͲȻҲͲڡ
ӸԴϽ׳нӶ¡
ּھȥֻܾȳ㰢ҶϯͬϷСҲԸ⡣
˵ţϾȲҪԸ˱
ϯ̣ȥҰɣ㿴ôˣ㰢ҪҰʲôҲܸɲˡ
Ȼ
ɲô춼ˡ
ʱȥ˳Ѷһ⣬ϯͬһôûС
ǴȥúϯͬɲȥѹȶԷҿϴϯͬϵ̬ȣֻ֪ҪϯͬԸ⣬ڳĸѹһˣҲԸ
Ϊ˾ȶӣϾҪϯͬһԴ
һ磬ϯŶȥ˴Ρ
Ϻϯϯüˣȥ
ϯϾѵõ˳͹Ϣ׼ųš


313 ͷ

ǰ£㰢簢ɩĲԣռ˶ٱˣϴѾǧӸǣЩҲ÷ȥˣԺֵӦû໤ֲǡ
ôˣeģֻãȫ˿ҸһӣֻǣͻȻֻԩ
˵ţۿʪ˼Σʮֿӡ
󷿲û㰢簡Ȼһ˾ȫˣ֪Ǹ֮ˣͿȥİϣ㰢磬㰢Ӵȳĸˡ
̬ȷŵĵ͵͵ģݱơ
ϯͬһΪѣҲȰ磬֤֤ȷ䣬ûԩҷ˰
㡭ľҪƿڴһ뵽ԼڴԿĶӣϲòŭѹȥͳǳҵףΪ㰢ȥһˣϰ˳Ϊ㰢˵û˿ڳϰ˵ϣҲ״㰢״ֽġ
ҵˣһЩҲûóϰΪϯȥ棬ﻹ˰ɡϯͬһھܾˡ
ˣĸһ˹ԭǴء
Ǻǣô˼
ôܿڣ
ǰôʹϯֺͬϣһ۸Ƕ
Ƕһӣȵ˳Կʲ˵ĵزʱ˵ֵܣһˣҪ໤ֹӣ
ϯͬˣüֵŻͰ͵Ǻǡ
ϼϯͬҪˣˣϯͬƾʲô㰢磬㰢磬װ磬ϹͷŽֵܣˣ͸øͿԡѪսȥȻԵ𹫵֮𣿡
ϯͬĿһһ簢ɩ밢ѹҶʱ֮᲻
϶ʱƿԡ
ϯߵϯͬǰͨһ޵壬֪ǰ鶼ҰĴ壬ҴǸǸҸͷдeټǺҵİ
˵ţ飬ͷ
ͷһˮֶûУϯվԶ
Ķϯᰣǲм
ϯͬڣϯ͵󲮵飬ҰҲûãҰҲû


314 ˣ

ϰʲôˣΪҰһ仰ȥϯҳ棬ο˵үûѹΣڵϦһУϰ谮СӣΪϰ˻ΪǾүֶȥѹ˴һ
ϯжӣֵϰΪϯң
ϯϵļԣҲ䳰ȷϯĹ̡
ŭϯ㰢ûôӣаɣ˵ڰ£ϰ˿ϲˣֻҪȥϰˣϰ˶ӦΪ顣
ϯԣͺǺЦˣ̣ѵãڳϰĵ׵λãعң
ǳ̫̫ˣҺʵʵڵݣҲһëѾͷżȻʶ˳ˣһദնѣΪڳϰ˵ûҪܱȵù̫̫
˵ĺɳȴᡣ
̼Һϯףٹϯҵ£ΨһϣϯͬϯvѾͷϣܷһӾҪڴȹʮ֮á
ϵ㰢һ˿ɲΨһĵӣѵĿԺҪڴ𣿡
ֻܾȰ֣ѵҲҪӹǲɣ
˵ţվҪϯͬǰ
ϯЦЦû
ϯͬȴɫ˱䣬ҲûֹֻǵҲΪңһУûôȥҰϰˣ󣬿Լȥңϰ˻ΨһӦҲǲܡ
֮һ仰˵ʲôҲûưͣһԣϯֻϯͬƵƿʱŻῪ˵䡣
ϼϯͬӲԣʱŭ죬ڵϣŴȿ޺ӴүҵÿӴһֻǰŴȻ޶ԣӴͷӣʱȥʱôûһ߰Ҳѽ
ֺֿүԩˣϯͬɫʱ׻ҡ
ϼڵˣҲŴȣֺֿĺ簡ҪûһĿŰΰءΨһĵӰۿճӾҪﰡ


315 һһ

İǣȻȰ飬İǣĸĻˣ治Т
һһү޵һѱһѣǽһʹ
һһ䣬򹫵״˵ϯͬһ˼ȡ
ϯͬģ۾ҼҿûãȨƣȲ˴磬Ҫޣȥٸſڿޣ֪ǣа
ȻĲ󷿵ˣϻ˹Է
һȺȥвͨ
õİ취ǣȥ
˶ԶԶģ۲Ϊ
ϼϯͬҪߣˣҪ׷ȥߵſڣϯסˡ
̣ȥ밢Ҳ㣬ҵүײ£ֻô󲮵õͷеŭȻȳ󲮣ΪһϯҴ󷿣
ɫһȻɫɷһƬ
ֻѶӾȳȴûǵҵŭηй
ϯЦֵǴø磬ײһϢǡԷΪ׼һ仰ͲڵϦĴøŹ֣
죬˵ܣȴ˵ڡ
Ϊ֪ڰϣһöԷԲöԷ߳η
׼飬Ĩ׼ӣͬŹһɱҲԻŪһˡ
˼ˣ϶û㣬˶»Ұܣȥ˾
ϯǸˣ֪ôǶԴ󷿵ĺá
ô
޷ϯͬһȥеҵŭ
ȻϯҴ󷿲ƴҵҲܲҽϵĴѹǰݺ
ϯͬһһһϱҪѡһ
ȻɵӶ֪ѡĸ
ϻ㣬ߡ
ӣæ߹ȥ̫̫ǾôˣǴү
ߣؼҡ
ûķԸ
ϲ֪ôˣϯ˵ĻδĿֶ飬ѵҲүˣ
ֻжүܾȳүɲܾô˰׷ȥųϡ
ƳһۣѵҪһˣŰһ᣿
ϸµһĻ˺ڣʲȥ²ܵĲҪҪġ


316 

ϯҴ󷿵ˣһͨ󣬺ܿ뿪ˡ
֮󣬳ҲˣҲĴȥ˾ϯֻ֣ͬǷԸϯȥ˴ΣϯͬһЩͳԵõĽȥ
⣬һЩӣѴ¶һ飬Ҳʹϯͬڴûôѹ
ϯֵͬ飬ܿʹ˵Ķ
ϯֱͬץߵĵ죬Ҳ˹£ƾϺҹ׵̫̫ô˵ûҲûıϯᰱ׵Ľ֡
ϯᰱ׺˵͵ҲĻ֦չȥμӸִСᣬҲٴµϯϡ
ϯһͷʲôҲܡ
ϯҲöˣûҳţҲûȥμۻᣬһЩϯҴ󷿽õ˼ңϯֳͬº󣬾ȫԶԶģ˺ϯҴ󷿵
ϯҲһҹһ䣬żңһֱûҳţ»ᱻżҵڣݻȥ
رûΪ¶ӵϯ÷ҲҺֳż
ϯֱͬץĵʮ죬ҶƷҲڣգֵҵӰӵ㣬һ
ڽĵգֵܺһҹֱҵĶ
ҹ¼ﶼƳˣʮָˣŵһȺ˵ˣһ룬Ϊÿȡӵ
һ˰ӣֵܾõһӣһҰĽãɲ١
ֵܶʮָˣһϣ˷ܵûоۡ
ֻǣģ˹ʱͻȻûˡ
һĻƣȻˡ
ӻƵˣɡ
ϵѪɫʱĸɸɾ
ӣϸĻƣԣҿ˻ֽȫṩĻֽϵĻƵ̵ģôˣ
ʱҵ̺õƷڣ˵ǶԵģô˵ƲˣʱپԼݺˡ
̰ѣҪǻûʶݺԼ˭ĻҲ̫ɵˡ
侲Ŀҹ£ҵĵһƷһţʱƷۿ˵ǶԵģҿóǼƷЩӶһԡ
£ôˣ˲еΣŰƵϣҹŭĿҹ¡


317 ݺ1

ͱѹ˵ҸڵһӣҪƵˣɡ
ԣһżЦЦĵȱ𼱣˵ƷڣȰƷһ˵
ߣǾͰ˵ģƷ˵ҹߺߵģǴӦ¡
æȥ˲ֿ⣬ҳԼŵƷֻǣõĵطһУȻ̳Ĳһ
ɫ˼֣ô֮ǰ̵Ʒ˭ҵƷˣ
Ǻǣ˭ܻƷѽǴ˻ӣˣһٶҽжΡҹ££ǿǩ飬һƷӽҪ֧һ⳥ӣڣ£˵ôɣ
£ӵ˵Ĵ˵ôɣ˳µʻȥ
´ӻУó˵ǩ飬дһƷӽҪ⳥ǰǧӡ
һĿʱ˫۷Σ˷ŷҪȥ㡣
ɺҲĲУ׷׿££Ҽǵʱɵ̵ƷƷǱ˵ˣݺܣ£һס
ֵһֱɻ˺üֵ꣬˸ɻ̤ʵڿ죬ƷֺãҲҺʵܵ¿ء
Ȼɱ˿
˵ˣҵĿģڷѹסҵˡ
ԣûɵ飬ǲɫĿһϵ飬⣬˭Ҳû뵽£ȻˣǾĴҪϰǧӣҲǲܵģһﶨӣû⣬ֻɸвϸԣҪ⳥Ҳֻ⳥еӣУһûȥɡ
С¶ȻܾдֻҪҾͲҪЩһʧҳеҪ⳥Ұǧӣ£ͰǧӶѣҼҴҵ󣬻ΪӣʧҰɣ


318 ݺ2

Цһֿɣ㲻⳥ӣҲУܵ⳥˭ϣͷϣǲܣֻҪõ⳥С
ǰìͷָɡ
Ҫɳе⳥ѡ
ŵ˶Ŀһľϣ૵ǧôӣңҲⲻ𡭡
ɣ𼱣»ûӦأ»תæɣܵܵ
ʵɺɶŵˡ
ǧӰǰʮ˰ǰǧҾҹֻҲղӡ
У£ݺɣݺƾʲô⳥ӣ
¶ЦЦţѵĲ£ǸҪеʧ
ܼҿɣȻɵ̴˻ӣ⳥Ҳе
˫۶ʱ죬ŭ££ݺɣƷҲǱ˵ˣܹ⼸ˣҺͶɿ϶ẦܣһеһֽŻܷŵƷ£㲻Ϊǲ˵գôܰһ۸ܣ
Ҫ⳥ӣҼӦ
ԣҲӦˣǲˣҪȥ٣ùٸŭ
Ҳ£ҵΪˣϸܻƷȻˣǻƷԶԱһ£ǳҵ֡
УƷͼһţҲᱻ˵ˣǣҼǵã»ҵͼд֣磬ȥҳͼûбûд֡
á
ɸæȥ˷ͼļϣҳһĵͼȻҳɸͼ˹
Ȼɵͼ˵ˡ
˻ûпд֣ԣͼϣδµּ
Цţһ͵ЦţСӲֽڹ£侲ΪԼΣǣֵ͡
ȻĵĿһɺɣ˺ߡ
ģȻûбɣߣҪҪϰҸôң˽˴ȥˡ
黹ȥ˵ˣĿıƳͲҪ֡


319 ӨӨ

¿ͼţȷʵɵ̵šֿ££ܹɣݺҲ޹ġ
£⣬»˻ǵĴǸӣӡ
˵ţɣǲݺ㣬Ƕ£ֻջ˴ǾҪ⳥дҲˣȻȥ˹ٸ˾Ҳ¡
ȻɵĻ
ôõĻǻҲϰȥֱӵȻɵĴǾҪӰɣӽɾͲӵˡ
£㡭
ˣʲôҲ˵ˣɣȥɡ¶˻ֹ֣˵ȥ
˵ٶ࣬ҲǶ࣬ʱ䡣
ɱϳɼˣҪ¡תˣӲˡ
ȥ׷ȴҪץɣǷǮǮ쾭壬ɣǽվʹˣɣǻǿȥӣҪǳﲻӣɾ˴á
ҪҪץɣǡǳ㣬һʱ䡣ɳվǰɱ˴ߡ
ºЦһ£Уʱ̫ǾͱѰǧóȻɵ
£ǰǧӣǰʮӣһʱôɼĺ
¿ɲܶԷܲܳﱸӣ֣ҪɴߣƴҪȺ˿ҪʱͻȻһȴ£ס֣ʲô
ӨӨͻȻ˫ŭ££ջôʲô
С㣬ūҲԸͻˣϣҪɻȥء
¹Ц
ӨӨ⣬ſɺɵɣ۾һػȼհ㣬ɸ磬ô
С㣬ֵܶȻɲôϲλҴС㣬˵Щ塣
ӨӨЦ绨Ŷԭɸ°Ŷˣղ˵ˣɸĴǣҼǵҰң⳥Ӻܸأɸ磬õóô𣿡


320 Ů

һΪżǵӡ
ɵҼҹòӣС㣬ݺɣܲܰ㰢ǰ飬ǲ̸֮⳥飿
⡭ӨӨһΪѣҲһС㣬ϵ飬ҴδֹҵĻҰһҪɸ绹˻ؼҳﱸҪ
˵ˣҼҾҹҲòôӡüӨӨĿ⣬ʮֲơ
ӨӨԵӣһ£Ҳû취ҿƤ಻ҼүżΪҼС׸ŮҪӣ͵ҸҵƸΣ
裬Ϲ˵ʲôӨӨŽţһյҪضļƣβȴߴɺüۡ
ɺɶһ¡
ɵҼɣҵŮ
УҲͬ⣬ɰΨһĶӣôȥŮ
ߣͬ⣬ǾӣֻҪóǧҲҵŮһɡ
ɶʱˡ
ǧӣ˵ҹǰ˶ˣҲﲻӡ
ǺǡͻȻһЦԭѾ˵£ͻȻˣЦԭҵĿҪȥŮǺǡ
£㡭ɵˣо鲻԰
°һ۵ṤôܻΪɵһǱص⳥ʲôˣ
ֵʵݶһֱڷңˣ¶Ŀء
ܼһ˶ͷۻ
´ʧɫôܣ
Ż͵ŻߵģƷҲϣ˻ǲǣǺǡʵͼҵҼҪĻҲÄeˡ
ϵѪʱ˰㣬ɷһƬ
ӨӨҲŵĿ£˴ܴ̼ĶҪεˡ
ºǺһЦֻİƣмСˣһⷿһУеĵ񻨣ùͼһģһ
ɫɷһƬҲ˵ʲô


321 ܲ

±Ҫ֧һʶӣֻǣ½ǴҪɱ⳥ӵĿģѹû
ʱ֮ǰһʶ𣬻һǧӻû
¾˸ȥӡ
ӨӨ
ʵ֪Ҹ壬ϯ͵͵ġ
ϯ˵ҪϰƳ˵Ŀġ
ղžһֱţֱٴγ֣˵Ŀģ»һ
ĶӨӨСܲ𣬻СѰeٲҲš
һ仰ͰӨӨƤ˵ϣߵӨӨͿˣ˳ȥ
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˵󣬾ͼҴܳȥˣֵܣڵϴһ١
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У˵ˣպκ⣬Ҷӡ
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322

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žһӣŭ㴳Ļ㻹ޣ
̡
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ΨһŮҵΨһһ磬ƽʱüͷҪ۰죬ôѹĿޣӴɰĸηۻˡ
һ뵽˽ԳţǳôҾͽ㣬棬ƫƫҵĻԷ磬Ȼǣ˽ȥҵ˵׸ҵ飬㡭ҪҲɣ
䲻Ҵ壬ɼҵҲСҲһͷ˼ҡ
Ϻ棬ûҪĿŵȥɴӦ׸֮£ֻŰɱ޶ծȻھ޶ծѹ£ɻᱻĸϳţ塣
ȵͶ·ʱ˾ͼʵĳ棬ծȻ׸һ¡
ȵʱ׸ͲǱ޶ծ
ϣһɽź󣬻ƴӨӨ
ҪɾãԼǷһ顣
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ԺӨӨСڹӣɿ棬ҲΨһĵŮá
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һΣҵ棬Ƕˡ
ӨӨǱڵϱ˲ȡ
̡ҡֻһ棬Ӧ׸飬ɵΪǧӵծȥص̣ҡҲû뵽ҵĹ¾Ȼͱ˻͵Ŵء


323 ̽ù

̣ҴˣҲ³çġ
ء̣ڸô죬ɿ϶Ѿ֪ݺ飬ڿ϶ˣء
ӨӨһ뵽뿪ʱɶ˺񣬾ͻµ
֪żˣѽҪ˵ݻݺѵŮ䣬ɿŮ޵ôģﻹŮ
æŮűˣˣһ취ɴӦҵŮ
ģӨӨۣϹż飬Ŀϡ
һ۵ĸŮϵˮ
ޣ
ϯ÷ŮˣͺѾߣԸһˮ
ī̧ȻԸȥܼ֧ӣȰĻˡ
ҵ˷ջƫţæӦһĳ˴á
Һķ飬ڶ죬ϯҲ֪ˡ
ڶ죬ֵ׬ĹǮӺ⣬ȥӣùúϯܡ
ϯͬȥûڼңһŮӴֶ
ϿֶϻͼӵģͰѵǵӣ׬Ķ࣬ôõͻˣǿǵϱ´ùɲٺһӣùʲôԵûУò´ණţҾͲǽš
ݺݵвһ
ֵܣæŵһսսķı֤´βˡ
ϵϣЦãͲʱץ˼ֻóһֻһֻǳԡ
Ȼֵָϵ⣬ĹӣҾˣ⣬ûȥԣϣסһޣҷԸ˰ͷһޣҲỵ
ùãͱñܳԵģôûȥǻ͵Ϲø˴һԡ
˵ţݸһԵ裬裬һ廨⣬һ⣬óøԵĺ͹ùñðԵӡ
⣬ʮǮһ⣬һʮǮ⣬˵ʵڻϯҶ治ʲô
ƽϯҶô˳ԷÿҲ߽⣬⣬Ͼûȥİﰢǳԡ


324 Ҫȥֹ

ʮǮϯҶ㲻ʲôɶֵ˵ĹǮ
죬׬ʮǮֶ᲻ֶ׬ӣôԼͷϡ
ֵܣһεǹùüլӵĴţǲֶȻˣҲûȥ
ðɣȻǼߣǽ˳ԡǿֶЭ
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СЩáϲĵĶһ䣬ȻŭҵˣǺöƾǼҴҵģҪʲôŮҪôƫƫ㣬֮ǰȥףǰ̰ܾװףû뵽ҾȻģҪ㣬ôôҪʹĹƣѵǾͲϢ©߳Żᱻָָ㣿
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Сܿɣɵĸû˭Ϊ˵ûƲƲ죬ĵ
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˵ˣҵĹˣ˸ĿŵҵĹˣڴ˵棬˿ɲŲӵ֪µ˼һ˵鷳ùã͵ſϷɣҾˡ


325 ҩ

һԵϯԣͺٺЦˣܳ棬ǼãҵĲƿɱǿһгڱɽҪֶԸңһأɾͲֻǰʯͷԼĽţֻӶҲзϡ
ڴһľһ硣
磬һռһһ㣬һ±ţ⣬һӣ⳴˼Ӻ԰ժ߲ˣһ
ֶټӳһ˳ԷûôأˣҶһϳԵġ
극ϯϯ蹶˾ȥʯԷ˾棬ϯ˵һȭ翴
͵͵ĴյϯǰСлһΣҪлл㣬Ҫǰ˸ңοɾҪ˿ˡ
ϯĿһۣĬĬƿߣ磬Ժ˳ֵĵط㶼Ҫȥٱơ
ǰڲμӳʱ类ҩźӨӨ˷֮ʵƲѣȥңŮ
Ϊ˵ߵڰףǿӨӨףҪȥٸ磬Ϊܻ⹫źĸǺӦ׸ҡ
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գֵϯ蹺ϯȭܸȤڹùüҶһ磬ֱһȭμģڳ緹󣬸ǻׯ
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װһȥլժĴҺ棬ɱֻ󹫼װ˰𼦵ĵģȥмʮ⣬߰˽Ĵ㣬һģֵܶûطˡ


326 

ֵ˺ϯ̫ͬүٳͿҪˣμﶨôǵ⣬ţһȥң㿴ʲôã
һ˼ңǴó֪˼ҵ̫үٳҪʲô
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ϯͬ˵ִ꣬Ҵˡ
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ϯͬ˳ĶϵˣμҰĳӣǴӺμҳׯĻμҵ̫̫ļҵ̣ļҵĴ̣ǳҵĴ̣⼸ݣҴӺμү̫үϲ磬ǰֻҪ廨ã̫үϲ
ֻϲĵ㣬ҼǵǰһûǶϣҪǶϣ͸̫ү񣿡
Щԥүֻͨģ᲻̫ˣ
ᣬǱͲʲô󸻴˼ң̫үҲֻǸлҹѣ͵̫ҲͲͰá
ٹأͶá
οϱ幤巻İҪá
Ͼ͵ǾǶһÿ򣬶໨ҲûϵǼ䲻ԣҲ̫ˣο˼ңҲһξ꣬շء
ϯͬЦӦá
ϾͷԸĲõİҳøϯͬȥǶľ
ʱһ˳극ϯͬϯȥ鷿˵˵ҵ£ϯｫӳǶ£һһϯͬ
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֮ԻᱻôӣǼҶҲЩǣϯ
ϯͬԣɫ˵ʮûܸһӼ̳мҵÿǷңǷīģ뷽跨ҪϯѰһʵжȥŮ


327 Ŀ

ֻ󲮼ֻһӣ󲮶Ӷ࣬ҲҴ󷿵⣬ǼҵСӹţҲҪ
ҺμǱߣòҴ⣬Ͱ㰢ֶͷϣӨӨѾͷȫõʹŻᶢ硣
ϯͬűŮĳȻֶκǰҲûΪ潵飬£һڱʹ뿴ı汻˵óѣ类㰢㼸۰Ƕպڴ󷿺ùǰɾҲŲˡ
סɣסϡ
סϣסϯҶ
ʱ򣬶Ҫصǰ±󷿺ùѹӣ䱾Ӹѹ
ϯɫ𺣬ͲµԣӨӨһǼ٣Ҫס磬ƿǼҲģ
ӨӨһǼ٣ϣǣıһ³ɣҲеһŮƿǼңңϯҴ󷿣߶ңμ˵һõĴ¡
ϯ˰ķɫ˼֡
Űʵ˼ǣıùúͰ̴ﶼвȥ
ϯͬ̾Ϣһ밡ӨӨѾͷҲҲҪôе׸ǴӰɽ󣬾Ϳʼƻ磬£һڰģĿĲҪ׸ңƿǶĿġ
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ϯͬƵĺ˺ߣùãҲʡ͵ĵƣ㰢̳ʲô
ǰ⼸֣ѶƵĶҪȥˣҲûһ¡
⼸ӣǾǳ˲¹ͷ
ڣ˷𷴿Ҳռıˣ϶ưոݣʲô취ö˵ͷô׸ء
ϯһϯͬ˵̽硣


328 

ô˵ǰĵĸϰ磬ܲȥȥˣƶ
ǿҪǰ÷ǡϯ
ϯͬһ㶣˭˵ģ

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ϴڰ£ұģһǰ뷨£ȻұҲ˵
ڣȻЩǣǿϯͬȴˡ
ϯͬɫأˮڣİɣǶԲùúʹ󷿵̤
ţʱǶߡʲôıھԵ֮£ɵġ
ϯϯͬ鷿̸۳ϼº飬ֵܻȥƣʱˡ
һɫϣմѪգҲ˺ˣ·°ڻʲôˣ˿Ǳĺܡ
ϯͬ󾪣ƣǡɱˣ
үС㣬ճݳǲԶһȺˡҧ˵һ顣
ԭƼ˺ݳǲԶӭʮˡ
Щˣǿ׳ɷͷ˻һӣòʮ׺ª
ƼԷһͲǺǵˣϰߵ͵˵ϵһߣöԷȹȥ
˭֪ԷҲ磬Ȼɱԣӱ޾ҪƵ͵Ҳӣ˼Ҷ۸ͷˣȻá
Ʒ𣬳ԷһţѶԷˤһʺ
Է˼״׷Χ
ƼԷ˶࣬Ļ˵ϵֵܣߡ
ֵܣͣˣкֵܶ
һͱԷ˷ˡ
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֮һ֮սԷʮˣҪֵܡ
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Ҫʱʱ̰̿һѣǣֻͱ˴ˡ
ú󣬳һ˼һڶԷʮˣˣһˡ


329 

үС㣬λүȥҽݣġ
ӰλүȴûܱǣǱ˴ˣûãܷ
ûѾˣһҪлл㣬Ҫڣֻ´ֵҪûˡ
ֵ֪ܱһ£ϯͬϯﶼʧɫǶû֮ǣǲеҡ
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ֵܣҵгϢˣɻǽҪ̳ľ峤֮λˡ
ֵһûˣҵɾҪˡ
ڣҡ
ϯͬ˵ֹ꣬еĴƣΣ
һЩСˣƤˣҪƵ
ϯͬǸϽȥ·һȥҽݣ㿴
ǣү
ƾ͸Ͻȥˣûãͻһ·ҹϯͬϯһȥҽԺ
ϯͬԭϯϯĬĬҲϲߡ
ҽݺ󣬾ͼֵܵĸ첲ȣɴ
ˣɴ굱ģֻ¶һԴûɴԴ
ͷˡ
ϯʱü磬磬磬ǼˣèûУ˵ƴܣǴʲô֣͸öϲ
ʡƵĺȡ
仰ϯҧҧû˵
Ȼֵܷǵ޿ɡ
ǳҪƣҲֻһʱ嶯ѣͶԷ󣬲źڲѡ
Ϊǲȥæȥɳġ
ң׸ΪǣԷ˲¡
ǻƱԷ˺üƣѪӦˡ
ɵͷƵ³çˣǲԣֵˡ
ǰҪΪ˾ǼֵܾԲˣֵܵĽˣǶԷͷ죬ֵܵĶ֡˼Ѫһ㼤ܵ
ȴε˵Ǹãƻˣ۵ģǴˣǷֵ飬֮ǻŵġ
ֵȿֺϴ̬Ƶл
ȴӽԼʧܣأֵܽܵĵл˼˵ǣҵΣǿлңҲ˵ʲô֮ҵ
ϯȴ˺ߣλ磬ҪԲԺ£ǻҲȥӢۡ


330 úҤȥ

ϱֶˣϯͬȻǴҽˣΪƴ˿ںϯͬ˼ҩȻ󽫼˻ؼˡ
һ磬ϯۣͷԸƼȥү
ϯճ緹Ƽͻˡ
С㣬ʮ˶йˡƼ˷ܵͷ֮ˣʶҵֶ
ϣҵ̫̫
ҲϯҴϯżҹùãĹš
̫̫μ̫үһĸͬãϵֶҲϯҴүֵܡ
ϯɫʱӣ£汻Ұµˣ£һҲУμңңϯҴ󷿣Ƕˡ
Ƽڰ£ùú㰢̴ʹһǺü̫̫鷳̫̫Զԣҹƣǿ̫̫ǰ۸ҪǵģżˣŻǺıݺɵ֡
پǣӨӨһֱĽɣȴܣӨӨżˣ˼˼֣üΣӨӨҪ˼˼ߴգ󶼱˼˼ܿˣ˼˼룬ӨӨĲģŻӳݺɡ
͵ɷʴһס
ϯúͳ϶ģ˼ֵܵ鷳ֻǣһ٣ٶĳ֣ʧˡ
һأɳʮˣȫץˡ
ƼС㣬Щ˶үڳһׯͷүôǣ
͹̫ˡ
컯֮£ĿŵĶֵˣ϶Ҳʲô񣬼Ȼˣ͸Ϊ
ϯŪӣǺһĨЦ˵ǱߵúҤȱˣãЩǿ׳һúҤ˵һȥ
С㣬ūȥ߳һƼ
ϯһֹеʵһϾͳˣû緹ﻹ緹ûԾȥԷȥҲ١
ûأūȥԷߡƼĶյĶӵ
Ƽȥ˺ϯȥ˾ӣ̽硣
˾٣࣬һȺ˻ϯͬͽϱֶ˾ס
ϯ˾ӣͼԺСſһС¯ǰŬȻ𣬶С¯Ϸһҩޣһҩཹཱུð


331 ״

С㣬ˡ
СˣЪۼĿ˸սԺӵϯСæ˹ȥϯ
ϯλүɶ緹
ˡССӦţ̫̫ԸϾһӣλүһ˳ӣһ뼦һ࣬ū̺Եġ
ԵĶ٣ϯͷˣС˵ţˣЩӣλүڸˣСžһЩú̺λү
ūűģС֡С˹ֺϯ
ϯ˵˾䣬տҩҪȻȥ̽ˡ
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ϯȥʱ絹ǹԹԵĻſŻںͰ˵վһԵԣŻڻЩʲô
ϯеĴ磬ʵôˣ
Ѿöˣôˣֹʹҩ治ΪôأϿ϶ʹһҹ˯žû룬ҵϾ˯ˣһɲ˼ӺףЦŵ
ɺҲʾ˯ĺܳ;ûѹ
֪һϵİ㣬ɲһҹ˯ô
˯ˣͲоʹ
˯ˣ˿ںã˿ڻָĿ졣
ⰲ㣬뿪ҽʱϯ⳯Ҫġ
ϯЦ˯ĺþС
̵ֶʲô£;ܷԸССȥǧ򲻿ԼҶǣ˿ڡ
ϯﻰ䣬ɾ͵ϣڼСҪڡ
ȿȡ
ͻȻһҵĿɵĻҲʱʶǰСãǸң£ǰ״æ׾תƻãŵҩζˣ֪ҩûãеˣˮ
ˮҲżҩҩˣҲһܺȡϯɫŷû֮ǰĻ㣬תҪȥɵˮ
С蹻ĵ㣬ȥ絹ˮ
Ȼ󻹸ϯ˵ڸ续ӣ˵ÿĻҪϣеĻһǼ֣ˡ


332 

ǰã궼ûóµĻûµĻӣⶼ»˲٣һЩϹ˿Ͷeˣ⼸ģĿⱻΪż˵ţͿЦЦ֮ǰҿĻñĻӻÿҾðţȥƹ񿴿ϣҲܰðܵĻǰĻһӡ
Сԣͺʵ磬һŻӣӰ
⡭ԥһ£һЩĻʮӣҲĻӼ۸񡣡
ôµĻǾ߰һ
һ㣬ܿ϶Բʹ˼ҵĻܻôֻҪƹˣͻݻĺôӡ
⣬ƴģӲ۸˵£ݳǶпڽԱġ
ϯɨһ۷ŷû˵ȫעڻϯͻȻЦˣϯĻĹ󲮺ʹø綼޹ҪǲҶֻҰûͬ⡣
ӹٳţȤֻ塭ҲˣдĺܺãҲĺãд֮磬Ҳտͨ
ƲƲ죬󲮾һѪǰûǼҵѪҪǰӣһӶòװʹ׹
Ҳʾ˵Ķԡ
С蹶ˮݸɣ磬ҰûôᱻҴ󲮰ʹأҰ˵ˣ󲮻Ұͬ⣬ҰҲͬģҴұҰ磬Ұͻװ󲮡
ɽӹˮ˼ڣĶԣһѪ棬͸ôԸ
ˮݸ蹡
ŷŻϣҴ󲮱ץˣԺҲ۸Ǽˡ
ɶʱֻ˵á
üǿǶүװһ֮֡
˵үѾѹˣֻײԴѾ
ɣ˵ͻȻȳ⣬ݺݵһɣ죬˵ˡ
ֵҵĹˣҶ壬ǲڱ鶫ңǽ塣


333 ɵ

Сգգʹ۾磬ֿ磬ʲôȴ̣ûʳڡ
ֱҩˣֵܵҩʱˣС蹾Ű֣ȥԺڰеĺ˳㣬ղŴΪβö˵ȥҲ֪Ǹײôˣ
˵ײĺӺһ˳˺öѪ㱻ײ
ϯǶ£鶫ү²ãرǶүײɵˡ
ɵˣС蹾㵵ĵɴ۾˼顣
ϯɵˣ˵ϲԼİ͸ͯһ㣬ԷҪι·ҲҪǣš
Ϣϣ˵һ֪ġ
ҵү̫ү̫̫ͷȴϯֵͬײɵˣȻϯֺͬͳѾΣϯãҲôĹϯҴ󷿡
ңҹ˵ˣҵˣǳϵŮŮһңҲǳϼӳĹϯҴ󷿺ҲŹ֡
ϯֻȿ˺ϯҴ󷿺ҵĴϷ
Сһͬĵ㣬ү
ǰԵ޹ʣͷһ֣֮Ǵ󲮸ġϯ̾һ
үڣϯﲻһѳԵϯҶͷϣԺˣϯҪԶ֮
ҩ󣬰һҲˡ
īˮɺ󣬰ø翴ϻЩۣҲ֪ƹܲۡ
ֽ˵ãɫϣҴ޶֣Ҿвһͷǵôɫһͷ׵УҲòνܲ
۾һϲӲУõͳһĴɫδɫ˵µӣǿһԡ
磬ƺõĲˣǾֱӻƹ˵£ֻҪƹӦǾһϰܵĻ˵ܵĻͲֹʮء
ǧһӡ
Уĳ⣬ʻӣʽС
ǰʽУҲ͵̵»ʲôͳһĴɫԣпȥӡ
Ҳˣе⣬һֱôã»ȻﲻǮҲ׬ʲôӡ


334

һ磬Ѿƣ֮ɫɼˣ۵ôãҲˣȻȥϢɣһŻż뿪ǰøǾС
ǵˣûиգǺòˡ
գ㹻ٻһ
ϯҲţ뿪ϯС蹶ˣһϯȥ˸ڵʯԷ
˵Ķϯ㣬ҵĻܱ˿УԺǲҲΪ׬ˣ
Ϊ׬ӣḺϯԸҲһֱҪ顣
׬ӣ䶼Ҫٱ
ϯЦҼҰĻģҵһϲġ
ȴţûУ͵͵ѰĻð˸ˡ
ϯ֪ʲô˰Ĺʮָˣ㣬ԺһҪö໭óȥӡ
С۾ת˼£ͻȻĵ磬ҵͬӻ׬ӣǳд±˵һ׬ء
ģ
ӣ㹻ǼǰµĿˡ
ϯҵһ·㣬۾ܣͬļӵĻ
磬ҲҪȥӣ
ţһԿϯѴãĻ˲ϲĻԺȥӳд±Ļɣܱڼһǿ
ȻѾһЩѧϯΪԼǷɵӹһЩԱ
ϯüͬȥӻ飬ʱȲҪȥ룬Ǻúϰ䡣
蹣ǶҪסֻнԼǿ˭ҲӮ㣬߳ţû˸۸ǡ
ϯͰ蹶ʱĬˡ
֮ϯƵһͰȥӻ׬ӵ£ѹĵףᡣ
֮ļգֵһֱˡ
ֵ˵»ˣɾŹùһˣûȥ
ֶÿնһһЩóԵģֶӡ
Ҳһգ͹ֵܻҩɴе֪ҵү˺˺ܶ࣬ѾµˣȴײɵˣϵԼİﰢ̣һЩʶˡ
磬Էʱ֪Ҫÿӣֱץ
򣬲֪ҪȥéޣֱӾ͵شС㡣
Ҳ֪ȣֻҪѾһתûүͻѣŽѾڵ档


335 Ż

̾Ǻӣǰɻˣڡϧˣǿϧˡ
һУϯͬ
ϸҲúøϣ˼ҺúһӸɵˡ

ã˵󲮵·ϣԭߵĲ죬м£һֱߴٳţŻҪǶүĿ죬Ͳֻ˱ײɵ˵ᵱɰѴǶ£ϯ
ϯۣѲµϯͬΪλἱҴȥ֪
ֻǣϯͬԼҲû뵽·ϻֵᷢ顣

뵽ĸº»ʵǻµ飬ϯвʡ
ϯֺͬòף⵽Ӧȥˣԭʮ֣֮ȴҪ»ʵǻ£ĸ¡̫ϯͬˡ
ϯﾾϵӣã̾һ
պҹϯլͻȻŻ𣬻죬ѸӵլۡϯլĴլԺ˲һƬǽȼ
˯ԺУһҺͺ
ۣŷ𿴵ԼԼĻ˸ϻһ飬Դ˲ѹ󺰵Żˣ˰Ȼ𰡡
һߺһæӣҪ|
ֵҹѾߣڽ̤ϣ˯ĸһϼ̧ţݺѾ߼ţֵƨ|ô澣ˣȥѹ
Ѿ߹µأԺʹĲҽһȻԴϾͱϲš
Ǽŷк̽ƴҲ˲ʹѾȥ·ԼЬӶûͲѾߣ˴ȻԱϴһѣһףһܡ
ѹûѾ
ӳźϸһԴʱۣ૵ˣˣլݣˡ
ϯңҳһƬѾСǣѣȻҴææѣӳ
ӳź󣬼̫ڴܼҵָ£ææȥװˮĹߣľȻ
ϣϯᰣϯãϯϣ͸ӳĳϣǱԺﾪҴܡ
ллأû¡ҴܵϣԼһ˫Ůӵ˺԰˹һ˫Ѿӵĳϡ
ϯöſˣأ̣ô죬ӶˣҪסﰡ


336 ǿ޹

ô죬ϽȻ𣬲ȻⷿĶˣһ˾ҪȥȥϺ
Ȼһׯӣӣȥ磬ɿⷿﻹһ˻ʮĲ
ôˣҲ̫ˡ
Ը߸ŵļѾǣȥⷿĻ
һţҲȥȻ𣬶ʲôʱˣŰ̫̫Сļӣ
ϻĴһ˫ŮȥȻ
ϯҴ󷿺аԵʮ꣬˵ɻƽʱȱˮѾߵģǸʮָմˮĴ̫̫
ȥˮôࣿ
ҿͻȻһѾߣѾСͰͰҲʹͰˮϹߵǽһĿİ
ԭһͰˮ˼õʣСͰˮȺòൽֳϾ۵Ҫ
ԺӣסĵͺַûŻƫƫסļԺ˻һƺƴ󣬻죬һХ£ѺüƬԺӶˡ
ϱԺӣԼסԺˣХŵϴʧɫͷܣˮͰѲ֪ȥˣ
̫ҲҿŵˮվԶԶģｽȴһôûС
Ʋû𣬷ԽԽ
ϯҵĴ𣬰Χ˼Ҷˡ
ƽϯҴ󷿵رϯͬκЩھǸǹԶϯҡ
£ϯһ̫ϷХҶĻƻӵԼլҲ˲ȥƽϯֵͬ飬׷׺ѼˣˮͰˮȥϯҾȻ
Ĳ룬ƽĿסˣģһһı𣬵ȵʱƻ϶Ĳˡ
ϯլӣ߸СԺӣ˻ԺӶǴʼȼգĶ죬ѣεȡյһֻʣ¼ð̱յڵĺ
찡ϯʲôúõլӣôͱһѻѽүǲϯһ·߰ϿһƬҽҰ׵ĵڵϣǿ޹
Ҳ૵ˣˣԺӶˡ
סĵͺַûŻ𣬻úõģֻǣסĵضûֵǮĶֵǮĶסͿⷿ
ⷿ


337 ϯ

̧ۿȥֻⷿҲյһƬǽƬⷿĶȫˣҲƬˡ
ֻмһֵĺ˵ĵ棬ðһɹŨҵḷ́Ͽӿȥ
ֳһƬҡ
ϯҵˣһУγϣʹ
ͻȻС˴Ҵ̫̫̫̫ˣүˣˡ
ҵĶ
ϰһͼ˹ȥ
ϼϱˣͲΣݺһԼĴ|ȣȻӷȥǰԺ
ǰԺĵúõģһҲûܵӰ죬ϯ屻ȳ󣬾ͱܼҰĿͷš
ϿϯԭһſյһƬѪģʱ˶ˣȻҲܲס˫һڣ˵ϡ
ϯĸ˹ȥʱһƬңʧ룬վָӰϺͳϣȥͷͷ
ˣʰյһͿլݡ
ϯ᰺ϯöˣһڳߣһš
ϯ󣬸ŷԸǸɻַԸȥ緹
ڳ뼸ԺԶûбֲпⷿ˲ʳ͸ɲˣͷٰˣϴҾͺŪһ١
ȴˣǸϯϵˣ뽫ϺѣȻһЩ˵ˣһҩĨҩ
ϯأˣͷҲó˺УͷƤҲˡ
ݾС˵ϯʱյϯ崩·ȥҴҿţһֱϡ
ϯ屻յĲҽһڵϣʹֱ
СȻҪĳȥϯ壬Ӻ󴰻Ƕȥġ
ϯűסһһſȴˡ
Ϻ󣬶Χϯǿ޹ϯ᰿ȥỌ̇̄أҪϢǾͱˣðúϢɡ
ҵĶԺô찡Ͽ޺
˶ˣϯҡɲܶһ
¶ӳ˳˹֣ҪȢһϱţΪϯҴڽӴȻ֮ôȥϯҵڰ
̫̫˵ĿѾͳƳˣһʮˣǾȻʱķҵˣȻġ


338 ֻ

ھҲһСˣǱƬҵԴ˵ιȥѾ˴ȥˡ
ϳųصӣ˴ãܼվǰϹϾš
ƤӣȻΪϯҾȻˣǾȥ˿ϯȻѣҲܱ˿ˣģǻǵ
ԽʱϯԽҪСĽ
ˣϯû԰Եʸ
ܼӦūѾ˴ڸСסգүأдտҲܺõĿЩ
ϵͷţŵĶԣ﷢ô飬Դˣ벻ģð뵽ҡ
Ǹòµģ£⸱Ϲͷ

ϯҴŻϯ屻˵飬ܿʹϯҶ˶
ϴ󾪣ȻôúõģŻˣ
ңһվһƬôоôأ
ҹ͵ƵˣСĵȼܱߵҲһӾ˳ƬԺӰ
ѵ
ϸȻľһ¡
ȻϯֻĵǴ󷿵˶̫࣬үȥˣŻô󷿽ӶⱨӦ
˵⻰ҪǱȥˣ֪ôءϺ޲ȥŮͣ˵ʲôκ˵
ô˵ϯ˶һˣһдϯϯҴôѣ˲ͬͰˣҲֻ
⻰Ȼᵱ˵ֲɵӣʲô˵
ϵˣʰʰ󷿷ô飬Ҳùȥǡ
Ƕûȥ˽
ϯһ˳ȥһĶе廨ٵȹȻڷϣһӲӵĳڶԣeһԺɷɵĲɫ
Ͽʱжݺݾһ£ȹģƯլǱߴ˿ڳƲ㴩һȥǲ׵ȥһŵȹӺá
ҽȹӣûŵģǾ»ʽҪҴȥľȹȥϯʵ
֪ǰϯӹ׾ݣϯľȹӶĲôõĲģϣ
գ᲻ŮȥǸϵ·ȥ


339 ·

ϴϯȾģƼĲѾߣֱʤ
һʱĸŮլ
ԭ̻Ի͵լ˿̱һƬķʱ˶ˡ
ȻѾ˵լ˻֣û뵽ôأ߸ƬСԺӣȻһҲûӵùûˡ
ٿϯ᰼ϵ·Ǵġô˵Ǿ·ûóûˡ
ǿⷿ
Уٴľһ¡
ⷿûˣϯҴһΣνʧƴ
ǿⷿǻϯҼ˵ѪĶɲ١
̣ǰԺĿⷿûգȻ̺ʹＸˣˮûʹˡϯһͬĿϣֿϣǽһˬ
޵ҧгݣѾͷլˣܸǲ
ɲԩˣֻ۾Һܸ˰۴ϯָָԼ¶һۿϧı飬ʾԼû˵ٻ
˿ϺϯĸŮϵȹýϴĶѾߵ·ɣӴǲΪ·ûȳɣô˵·֪ģΪϯҵūء
ϯϯˣӵļȣ´ܳˣ˵·ЬӶû
ǺѾȥ˼˫ЬͼѣŪˡ
Ȼͬǣǲ磬ϵøҴãϵ·Сһţ㴩պáϯú޺޵ĶϯϽе¿ʽȹʵ۾ˣ޲˹ȥϯϵ·Ըϡ
ϯЦЦǿɲУƤЩ·̫֣ҴƤӡ
ޡƭ˭ǰ·ϣûãǰܴôʹˣǲ᲻ϵѰϯҧŭɵ
ϯػ˲Ҫţ᲻ãϵ·ǵһδأҸҪ㴩ҿźɵô·ȥūǴѣԴֲǱżˣɳɵ£
ϯģ̧֣ҪӣȻ᲻ãʵ˵ҴѾͷ
ɲĻ·Լģҵ·Ҳ㣬߳ŭҪң㻹ˣ


340 ԰

һסϯõ֣ϯﷴžž죬ֻϯòҽһʱӡָӡ
ϯʹŭݺݵϯ㡭㾹ȻҴң
ĳֱ׳Ļص㲻ΪҪңҰȥɣ
ѵ
ǰ۸ϯʱϯһθҷǹԹǴ
ֻǣʲôʱˣ
ϯĿӵĶϯŻɡ
ϯǺǵЦ˿ϯõ۹⣬ҺͰ˵լŻ𣬺ĺǣû뵽ˣҺҰˣȻǲϡz߾ˡ
˵ţϯҪ뿪
žһ
ϱӣϣʲô֣ʲôʱˣȻŴƤǳ
ϯãȴƳϯһۡ
УͲͬ
ϯȫӣϯһȥϯᶼ˳̣ҡѾͷﶼˣ⴩Ļ֦չǰ԰ڡ
̣ðɣôôԴýģǴ򣬾پϯＥĿϣ˼˵ϯҴ󷿵Сû
ûûСĳݶ
Ҳɫ࣬ǺĺǣǵãĶţȥˣ²ܲʣֻһζ԰ʲôˣ
ҲǿˣǰϹĸŮһ˫ģȻﲻӭǣ߾ǡ
ϰͲøϽߣŲԸ￴Ϻϵɫ
Ҫ˵лԸ󷿡
ϺŮҴ뿪󣬷Ӻ˺üϺϯﶼûֱӳϯҴţ뿪ˡ
ϯˣһܵγˮ
ƤǳĶݺһ䡣
Ҷ֪̫̫ϯء
Ӷˣ鱦ιŶﱻ죬һʣˣһѺڻҡ
£߸СԺӶ¸ǣ·αƷȥðȫôӣһʱ֮õó
ԭӣȻϱ裬ֻᳯӽ裬ֻôһͨϯͬܽӸ
ģݺϯһۣվʲôطȥʡ


341 ί

̡ϯһӵί
ϯǸСv˴ˣ̲ΪȻСv˵ίˡ
ϯؿţܻ˿ͷ
ϯæ׷ȥ̣ȥá
ֱĸηۣϣһȺµģ춼ҪˣֻźͰѾͷƤǳġ
ҲְܹãְѾͷ֪Ǽҷ˻֣Ļ֦չҿģǵģЦǵġҧгݵİѴƵϯһͷϡ
Źϯ˵ĶӣϱʹүݴΣֱճˣǼҡԺҪô찡
û˷û˶ӣһӾʧȥĹһĻŵһⶼûС
ϵͷ˲ᣬȥңμңң֪ͨº
Ǽҷô飬ʹȥˣ˵·ء
ţɸӣȥӿӭһӭ
æӦһá
ϷԸȥˣȻ˿ϵ·ôܼȥЩӳȥð켸ɣҺͰᰰܲһֱ˵·ˣˣҲᳰЦǡ
ô˵ҲϯҴ̫̫˵Ĵֲ£ʲô
ϵͷһԼϲôϽŵЬӣͷԸܼȥһˡ
һӣһӻ̣һҶ̣ⶼرӻ̣ضκãһĶ࣬ϰӡ
棬ǰ½һˣÿζϯͬԹˣֻϸĩϯֽͬηûü˷ˣӣ
ҲڣûߣȻڼҲᱻһˡ
ңԼ⼸ֻ˶ӵû˵ȥӣȻֻ򼸼·ӶûС
ܼȥһˣ磬ûŰӡ
ܼ˵ҶвׯĲҶòȥ°£һӣūˣӻһЩÿ¶Ҫλ°һһǧٶӣĩһʳ˰˰ʣµūİһת
˵ţһǧƱϡ


342 

ϿЩƱһ
гһƱݸӣȥ̣̫̫ʹССһϴ˫Ь
ϯ϶ˣᶼûһ䣬ŷûεƵģֵ˫Ьӻģ㿴򡣡
һӣҪ߰˫Ь࣬бƷﹻ
죬˵Ӳɼı飬죬˵ȴͰЩУϸϵġ
ҺͰӵļҲû
ʲô
ϰһϴǽȹ
Ｑűһܲܲɣ
ԭ·һ뵽ϯҴ󷿻Ƿϰǧӣ͸˿ڣԸӣٸСһʲôģ㿴ðǡ
ӦһǣһƱͼҴȥ
ûãϯϯϯ÷þˡ
һģǵ๫ͶŮǡ
ϯãլճ˻ңĲ֪Ǻá
ϯ޵ôˣǲ˹ŵģ
ǰ͵ƵŻҲһӾͰ߸СԺӶ˰ϯ÷ҲãŵЩΣ˹ݻ
ɣȥˣֻǣôˣҲûٲ
ȥٵСˣȥ˿ʱ˻ûӡҪȥſ
ӡӡϯķҲҵĵҼ
ӡĸԸŮԵһˣĸģŮ֪ô
ţ£ҷģЩȥһ첻ˣͲ̤ʵ
˵ţһθ߲Ͱӡһȥ˳ȥο֣Ҳ֪ڴôˣˣŻ£ҪҲͽ˱۵żʲôҲ˵˵þǣ·ϣ˳ЩƲԡ
ȥ٣ôͳȥ̽ˣ
ӡͷӦһá
θ߲ҲӦһǡ
Ů˺󣬳ַԸܼҴСŮīȥ˺԰ͤѾҲǲ˳ȥֻϺŮ˵
Ĩᣬ޵డˣȴӶҪЩࡣ


343 

ϯȰ˵ģǧɢϯֻҪڣЩӣ׬ͱˡ
ôܲġϺһǴҪʮ꣬Һúõһӣ콫ֱֻһѻˣҲˣΨһĵӰôܲʹѹ
ϺޣŮȰãϿŽСˡ
ŴŮСŮ֣ޣ÷ʲôǶ֪ΪҲ˵һóǧӣǰһѼȹѹء
һڣǧӣϯɫˡ
ϯ÷һΪѵǰգΪóһӣһòŵУڼίʵûôӣ㿴ŮȸöģԺ˵
Ժ˵Ǿǲٸˡ
Ҳǿϸģһö˽ǮȻҪ˲Ʋ
ϯͬκ϶̬Ⱦͱ˺ܶ࣬ԴУܻẬɳӰһֻռѲµĸ
ǰգϻһ˾˹ңһыD˵Ǹī檣ϣīϵƤӵ£ЪǹыD
һҹ޵ȴҷĸ
ˣҲܸɽǰҲӲϣֻϻīһ
Ҫ˳ҽڡ
ʮ꣬ûµӣΪҴڽӴҲ˵ʲô
Т޺Ϊ
ɡ
ԣ⼸գսսһﻹȥҪҡ
ϲ֪ϯ÷⼸ѹֻֻóӣǴ򷢽лأ
Ϻ˵ҼҴҵôֻôӣ÷ǲǿˣֱˣԲҳӣ
ûУûôӡϯ÷ͷӣɥǰϣĸүһС檣ǸыD˵ǹыDӣͷһңĸӡ
ţ

Ҫƿڴϯ÷æССĸǽжȥ
Ѿӣվء
һȥˣȥϣҪԲ˶ߡ


344 

СѾߣŸС檺󣬾ͼʹ棬ȻȥֺĸǸыD
Ҫǻ֮İСˣҤȥ
ʮˣūŶ粻ס˵仰Ҫµģ˵㣬ĸӣ
СŮ䣬ʵǹыDĿӣȻǰҫȡ㵱ĸλã
ϯ÷ϣһ˿⣬ԸǹыDȲһֻϲ̨ЬѣĸҲǶQ죬ʰŶҵ̬ȣǰءүʲôŵģȥֻ¡պҵĵλÿпޡ
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346 Ϸŭ

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347 Ѫ

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348 լ

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349 

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350 ٺ

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351 ϯ

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352 ɺ²

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353 ϯͬ

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354 

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355 

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ûӣסҲòӡ
ϼϯͬһëΣĴӣĿţһˣסĵضûУ
˵ģ⵹ͺַôӣôûضסˣЩӼɱǰסĿˡϯͬװɵӦ
Ҳˣֱ˵ӣӶˣסﶼһ㼸ֶŮһӽţհ㼸ֶŮȥסǵİ壬չһ£ҲӦõġ
ⲻðɡϯͬԥһ£ǾֶܾҼˣѾûضˣȥҲûӸסҪǣǾǻס£ҵլӣɱҼҴˣ˿ڼ򵥣Ƕ㵱ңסöˣ˵ˣдɶɼڣ᰼Сסȥ׵
һ㶣û뵽ֶϯҶס
Ȼˣָϯͬ϶˭˭⣬㶼ˣԸֶҲԸԼֶŮؼסⰲʲôİǼǺǲ
ţء
ֻǣ⻰˵
ϯͬһ޹Ŀųϣôأǰɩǣô۸һˣǵ׻ˣôǺأֻǣܲΪǣͰ˵Ĵֵܸϻؼȥɡ
˵ˣֵأܰᶯΪǵĹøܲǵ壬ǸϳȥôЩҶҿɲҼûʳ¹ʱɶңûӿʱҲӹҶҶɲǳҲ顣


356 ǳ

ҶжϯҴȴһֱѹ
˭˭⣬˭ף˭裬ĺܡ
ƿԡ
һֱ֪ʮϯͬһڼʲôӣּҺ󣬴󷿺Ůôһֱѹġ
ΪЩ£ٶʹġ
ֻǣû뵽ϯͬһǳġ
һҲ顣
ƤӴţʵĿϯ㾳أæ
˵ﻰӲ˵ôҪͷ¶£һɰܲҳֳӰɣûӣһݣҲҪ㣬Щ꣬Ҽҿûڼˣܲܲܲʰɣ
ìͷתϯá
磬ϾŮһóǧӰҶȹһأȻŮӦˣɵڣҲûӡ
ϰ̾ȻԹۣҲֶķϣһЩȻôһѣôͦĹȥ
ܱϯͬóһһ
ѾϯͬһǮҲϯüȥסǿֶΡ
֪ǿģֻϯͬҲӦ
ϯͬߣ콥һһıϯͬͳӡ
û뵽ϯͬýƻúŪ
ֻϯͬҼʲôΣҲ֪˵˴լӣҲǱƲѵģԭСլ̫СסˣŻӻɴլӣҲǽӣǷһծ񡣡
ССʮˣӹֲãʱʱľҪ򣬰Ҳء
۾һ˿⣬͵ȻûӣҲ㣬լˣȽҽլӣӻ㡣
²ܡ
ôҪҲҪܾң϶һٶľܾңﻹĸôĴңͲȥŸ治Т
һŭ
ϯͬæһ̬ȣ͵Ҳͬ⣬˵һҼСլѾˣѾүˡ
Ƿүǧӣһʱ϶ϣҾһЩӣȻһЩһһȻôծʮ꣬Ҳܲϡ


357 

һĿˣĲһ|Ѫ
İϯͬϳ˵ʤ
ϯͬóӣһ¶ͷϵȺµӣýֵܶ˿ķЦ
ĵүʲôˮڣֻҪһҧûӣסǣܰӲ͹ȥɡ
ǲ֪ǸĸֻӲȥ£ˣȲȥˣؼңҵȻȥ˵һȻͻȻ͹ȥһ׼ûС
ϯͬڸϳĽ˵һ
˲ãһڣ͹˻ؼҵ·
ʱڸ·ϯͬʱůģϯҴܵ˲ûˡ
ϯͬ߹ȥе·ߣһүôˣѾأôҲûͨһ
Ѿ߲ͨġϯͬ£ҲЪһЪл˵
ϵ˱ˮϣүʲô˵ǣš
ڴվôãһˮûȵϯͬÿˣһˮŰѳϻȥ˵ˡ
üҲԸдϯãֻǣϯϾͲ˵ˣҺûദ֪ʲô飬ϯ᰺ϯãӼ¿ʼһֱðﵱʹǺͰദһȥǰסպǾͲð
ϯͬҲֶ֪֪ŮƲ磬һǵպǲٸߡ
ףѡ
ֶŮֶҪ޵ͣһֱϵޣʱֻ³ҪΪֶŮһݼױ
Լ׹Ůļױûð죬ֶŮðױ
ϯͬ̾һҲ֪ҵĸʲôӣҪ飬ưոݡ
˵⻰أѾ˵ϯôŰѾˡ
ϯͬͷ۵㿴Ҿ˵ҪĿģװݣǰӲǼء
ô죿ϼˣ˶ˣôߣ˻֪ô˵أ
ˣǲҲ뱻˵ײϡ
ô룬Ҳ벻һȫİ취
ϼĲʱϯˡ
Цеĵ㲻üѾƼȥˣģϾͻ뿪
ǲʲôƤЩõԤС


358

ϯ΢Ц˵ý밢úǼһֱ׺ҿ׵ĺܣҪͶףҲȥңǼض˵ӶסˣʵŲշסܲס񷿰ɣҾƼȥǵȥҡ
ϯ᰺ϯһȺסڴſڳ죬Ųߡ
ƼִˣӰϯҶֱӸɴĸһֵ˶ˣϣֱȥҡ
ҵϯϯõңϯ÷ҵĵĸֶŮͶףҲð˸ߣֻ˰ӭſڡ
ϵ˶۵˯ˣǼӰ˱ȥġ
Ƽ͵Һ󣬲ûлһֱڰмţϯϯõˣȻʶԼңϯҶʱϯõҪȥ̸״
ϯ÷ֶ֪ŮǱҵģҲĲС
Ҫǰϯ÷һȥǰһ٣Ȼϸ״ڣϯ÷һң³ϳҪӡ
ǧӣûչء
ֶŮһϯϣϯ÷۵һ˿⣬ͻȻЦᰣãϣȻˣǾڶסǷģеģҲУһǵ׹Ůһš
ǾŹϯ죬һģãҲģƾʲôǴ˴ѣȴĺģϯСv˴·ϵĲ֪Ҫöٱã㿴ϣⶼʲô·
һֱǴ޳еϯã˿ȴһȹϺ񣬲͸磬ȵҪĦƤ
Ƥۣ˲һ죬Ϻ͸첲ϾͱĦˡ
ϯ÷Цݽ˽ȥ򼸼ϴ
ллãҾ֪öҺͰˡϯõϣЦˣﻹǶԶˣ޵ҪĶһԿЦȴʲôæҲ
ϯ÷ֶŮ˷󣬾ȥ
ɵˣӡ
ӷԸ˶࣬õʡŵãµȥг߰˳µĺȹӣ򼸼
⡭̫̫ҪǱС֪ˣǻŲ
ϯ÷ЦǸ֣ǾͲҪΪǻǰǧСأˣ֪ԾҲҿɲȡ󡣡


359 

ӵֻ̫̫±СŻȥ̫̫״ʱΪ˼·̫̫̫̫ģʵڲֵ
ߣİɣ᲻ûȥ
ȥ󣬺һȺѾǼסһ𣬾ϯϯǽ龢ܵ˲Ź֡
ϯһҲϯϯûҪߡ
һʱӱʮ·
˵Ǿɵģ߰˳£Ҳ϶ϵȳޣϯϯýô˵ӡ
ϯûϲĳȥϯϯ϶һļϲɫֻǣִ·ܸоЩԾ
ϸһܿǱ˴ĺۼ
ϯõʱϯ÷ཱུϸߣã·ôǱ˴ľ·㲻ҪǴ˼ҵľ·ɣ
·ôˣ·ͲܴˣϯıϯûһѶϯϵ·Ӹϯϣ㲻ϲǾ͸ϴϾԲ
ϯϵȻ
ϯΪϯҵƿʲôʲôʲôûʸûʸԡ
ż·¶Ҫһϲ˵ϯ÷лллõ·Һϲ
ţϲǾͶȥЩ·ǸģȻµģҲϵĴ޲öˡ
ϯûϯñЦſϯᰣᰣϲҾͶϴˡ
ϲģô᲻ϲϯЦ绨ȹϱȻһ£Цʣãôòÿ
ţÿᰳƯʲôÿ
ҾˡϯᰰԼȹѾԸûطվͻϡ
ǣС㡣
ϯ΢Цϯϵ֣ϯʣµ߰˼·㶼ȥȥ򡣡
ŷǹϯð㣬ϯϯϵ̬ʮУϯ˵ϵЬӶˣֺͷˣһ˫Ьԭ鴩ģҿͰĽŲ࣬ȥһ˫
ãҡôЬӴҵЬӻܴգϧңһЩͷԼ˫Ьϯ߾Ŀ
ϯοЦ⺢ӣôô£ˣһ˫Ьѣ黹һ˫Ь


360 Ь

˵ţͷԸӣȥһ˫ЬݸϯϣԴ
ϯü˫Ь棬Ƕ飬ۺˣʵãҲûЬӴͽһ˫Ѿ߸ġ
ϯýϴһ˫ͨ廨ЬЬõǴ޲ÿҲۡ
ϯϵЬǶ棬Ƕ滹һµСۺɣʮƯ
ϯһ۾Ϳˡ
ã˫ЬҰɣϯϽϵЬӻܴգٸһ˫ǡ˵Ӧֱ׳
ϯð˵㣬˵һģôͰЬӣ˵ĽűȰ黹ЬӸ㣬Ҳˡ
ϯöʱίĿˡ
ءãҿֶŮһˣȻȶֶŮҪףءʲôõģҪҪƤҰδҪҵЬӣã㻹һҵЬӣء
һ߿ޣһ˵ίĲˡ
ϯЦˣãǰЬӣʲôʱˣ
УȻ㰢ŮϯϯҵС㣬ϯ׵ģôˣ
ϯõĽԣϯ÷ɲš
ֶŮҲڣСֶŮƢ
ϯ۵һˣ޵رģŷҪһ㡣
ϯ᰼õɫܲæȥ˳ϯããˣ¶һ˫Ьô͸ϯϴǡ
ý㣬ЬӻǸ㴩ɣҴϵľǡϯ϶µİЬӣϯãȻһ·ϯãȰ·ͻطȥͷ˵
ţȥɡ
ϯڶ¹ɵϯϣϲģرǺͲԵϯȣϯϸԵϲ
ϯÿһ٣һ˫Ьӡ
ȽöˣЬӣȹصͬסķϯ᰾ݺݵһϯãѵѼ£ô࣬ںˣô·ϯСvˣԺ㴩ʲô
ֻǽһ·Ǵ޲ģʮֲ
ЩȻǾɵģɺôϲĴֲȹҪõöࡣ
ϯĵҲ֮ǰ̫嶯
·ϯˣȥϯҪҪ
ϯΪӣҧϵôˣҲûϰˣһ
ϯĲС


361 ϯ÷

ҷ飬ûãͱƼϯ
ϯˣϯɲһģϯңӣֻ²ס
С㣬˵ϯǲӳˣȻԸϯסʵūȥ֮ǰϯøϳȥ׼
˭֪ϯ·
ϯϯ᰼סʧǧӣϯȻѡǰߡ
ϾǧӣɲСĿ㹻ϯ᰼˳Ժʮġ
Ƽգգ۾ǰɣӲϣ
ţǲ裬˵˽裬ʵǴн޻⣬ϯҲɵϣ֪óȥȥ޻أȻ᲻ġ
ǧӣɲ٣һ棬һô࣬ϯðװ͸á
ɲǲݡ
ϯԭΣţϯǡȥͶףҵһýӵĽڡ
ƼƲƲ죬ɥģǳ϶Զ˼̱ɶԼļŮǿɶӵĺãû뵽ϯҴѣϯȴûһվæġ
С㣬ū澾ã⵹һĸŮ˵ĺʱƼͻȻ
ϯЦţһۣ飬Ȼ⣬ȥһ֮Σ
ð
ƼЦ¶һڰ
磬ҳһ¡
ϯ÷ȻīȢŵĹыDԴѪҲιȥˡ
ҿ˵ϯ÷ں԰úõ·ǹыDͻȻһһʯͷݺԴ
ԴͿư
ԴѪʱȥĴ򿴵һΪûˣʱˡ
Ϊǧӣϯ÷ҲƴˡϯζתϵĲ豭˵
մϢƼתһȦС㻰е˼
Ȼϯ÷ÿƣӵϣ
ţӣǹыD˵ĵޣպӣù
ϯ÷һ˫񡣡Ƽˣ̲סϯ÷⵹һ⣬ˣһС
һыD˵ף˼ҴЬٲãҲΪάһыDԭ޵ˡ
ȥҲᱻ˵ĭ
ԣīȢĹыDС檣ҪҸϳȥˡ


362 ı

ϯЦЦģͻȻƼ˵ʱϯ÷Դ𣬳˲зϻΣ
С˼
ţǸ˼ϯ𴽽ǣ£ȥ죬һҪ˲֪
ϣūϲ£ٺ١Сģ֮󣬶ϯ÷ԶҲվ
Ƽһ˷ܵ˵ţȻˡ
ƼûãϢ˵εԲ鰸Ľڣٴνϯլֻʲôûв
εٴ͵͵Լ˽¼档
СļලҪݾߡϯﴫһ仰š
ϣһֱڼϣҲۼϺε͵͵ϯһ档
˸|||һ棬Ͷ˼
ݵε§һֵϣڰŵĳţûĳ
ϲ֣ϻرʣƨ|ĥһǰɽ嶸͸ߴֻţ󲻹
εϲģϵķʡ
ϷֵӣεĻžã۾
ڶֻһʱεʹҴˡ
ϣٴԼ棬Ǹ񷿣һ棬ͻ౧ţ᲻÷ֿ
˶һε͵Ҳ飬ѾˣӢҵŮˣôã
ߣϲѹôǾȥϲĵطĺӣԲݺݵ˵
ãȥץȻߡεϵҪ󣬰˳
˶٣ֵӢϯһУǰģһһﰢػ˱մһݡ
ˣپůһ뵽ԭټļҵ⼸µĲ˳ҪˮһСȥźֻϧⶰլӣҪؽòء
ӣϾҧг˵ǼҲ֪ôѧˣȻ϶һݲҵܹĸá
ҪҰıǡε
ӹת˼Ȧ˵ε˵֪ϯôϯɱϯ蹳ĻƯӣֵܶ˶͸֪ʱ򣬶û˶Ӽ̳мҵҶӾкã̳мҵ
¿²С
ΪʲôЦһεҪңԸӶû취
Ȼǡ
ε뵽ǰշ¡


363 ҪĹŮ

ǰЩӣҪ°ϯ蹣ʮɱ֣ȫҵүץˣûһڣӢ˺ͳүн飬Ӷϴ⣬ѡ
ô죿Ψϯ蹺ϯϯͬϵߣֻҪƿסˣһУһǼҰġ
ǻһŮôεЦɭɭģһڴ⡣
Ȧߣ㻹˵ϴ㲻˵Ѿͷֵµôôûˣ
ûͬ⣬ҵ뵽һð취
ʲô취
ҲʮˣҲøϱˡ
εĶӡ
ֻǣӶʮˣȴ߰ĺͯһ㣬Ǹǡ
Ϊǣεûڼڳǽһׯʶεˣ֪һӣȴ֪ʵһǡ
㶣Ϻϯͬͬ⣬ǽϯѾͷĸƵģôԸ⽫ǳն
εЦһ⣬֪ôֻ᲻Ը⡣
˼
ҽ
ãá
ꡭС㡣
Ǻǣһ˿̫ˣˡ
æѹСֹ
εɿϣˣѾˣҲûȥˣ⼸գһᰲźã͵ҵĺϢǡ
ε뿪ҲĻԼ䡣
ûãһͨڵˣݶȻӰһͷϯҴ󷿡
賿ϯﻹûѣͱקˡ
۾ͿվߵƼһֱǷһû˯ѵӡ
ϯ첲˳ȣһ˿ɳƣʵ컹ûأôˣǲʲôϢˣ
ţˣ⡣
Ƽ˸Ƿùϯ·̺ϣȻ´Ϻ󣬲Żһš
ŽҲ̧ͷֻͷȻѽε˵Ļһֲ©ģϯ
ϯǽһŭ
һģŷҪ±һ㣬ͷƼˡ
죬ȣƼȴ˺ü
СĿһϯĬĬĺ˼ŸоһЩ
ãϯŵһԲҪĹŮȻҴҵ⡣
ƼˣЦ˵С㣬ǲʲôˣҪҪū澰ȣ


364 ϯ÷

ϯЦЦεǵ˻֪ĶǸɵӵôǲˣĶӹ֮ڡ
ãֻҪɵӵ˳ȥƤٺҲװһɵӡ
ϸ̫̫ҲС޸һɵӡ
£òС֣ͻҡС
Ƽ˵ţԾԾԣС㣬£ūȥ죬ūһƯƯġ
ţǾͽˡ
³֮ôϯﲻġ
ϯҲоΣϾҪ־͹εεССķһ¶ѡ
Ǵծ
ϣ˷ƼͼҴҳȥˡ
糿Էʱȴһ¡
īȢĹыDС檣һֽ飬˳ȥыDģʰԼƷʱ˲ע⣬˳ȥֱϯ÷䡣
ϯ÷պһҩҪϢыDͻȻ˽ûСѾ߷ӦыDϵļʹ̽ϯ÷ϡ
ϯ÷ʹĺ
ыDһѼγȻϯ÷űعѾ
УһѾ̵߱˸첲һѾߵļҲˣϯ÷ϣٱļӡ
ϯ÷ѻѪ죬һϢû
ԭһŷ̴ѪģҲ̶á
ϱһ˿ںѪŷҪǮһӿӣˡ
Ҳһ£Ӻܿ񣬳ȥסыD
īϯ÷ѾʧѪ࣬˹ȥ
īʧɫ֮£æȥ
̺ϯ÷ӣүﻹմ̫̫µһƿҩɴԭҪūհ̫̫ҩ̫̫ˣҪǽҩȸֹ̫̫Ѫ
ȥҩīŭ̫̫ҪиʲôôǶҴˡ
ϯ÷īĵ׾ͷ
˱ȻˣԺϯ÷Ҫôˣ
ҵĵĸܲһӲ˰ɣ
ҵĵĸˡԺҪô죿
Ҫô죿
һ뵽պϯ÷Ҫһİ̺ͬ˯һŴϣīӦĶġ
ȥ֪ͨһˮīͻȻڴߵӣԸ


365 

ּѾߵĸ첲ͼ϶ѪͷԸʱ̺ȥ˿ڡ
ү̫̫˵ôأûԺôУū澵˲Ҫ⡭
ȥ
īѾ˵꣬ŭȵ
Ѿһүæȥ
ֻʣīдϻԲһϢϯ÷׵ĹыDī󣬾˰ˣȥ񷿹ˡ
īѪϯ÷ҧϯ÷ҲңҪ־͹ԼûлԼīܱ˳Циӡ
ӣ͵ĸϯ÷ϣҪȥͻȻŸ֨һ죬֮ǰȥҩӻˡ
үҩˡ
һߴһ߽ҩƿݸī
óһ·ȥҩܻģȻôͷء
īһǣѸٰѱƿһ˫۾ճյĶϯ÷֮ǰһжû㡣
û쳣ҩƿɴݸīԼתȥһɾëȻ󻹷ԸСѾȥˮ
ܿ죬Ҳˣīû֡
Ϣϯϯޣϵݣ׷׸̽ϯ÷˳ҪҸϯ÷һ
ʲôֲȥģԼ˽𣬱˴ˣôһѵҪӰȥ̼ŭˣ
úõģȢһӵС檻û뵽ûϣС檾ͺϯ÷ˡ
ǴԴոأ˻ˡ
Ҳƣʸѵϯ÷÷㵽׶ԷƼʲôˣ
ƼǹыDĹ
ϯ÷ѣɫ԰ţû˵ϵȴһԹޡ
ҪŰvŮȢؼ֮ѣ
һУϡ
ϯ÷޼˷ƼҲ޼ϡ
̧֣һ°ɴứ£ĵҲԨ
ˡ
ǰգֶ֪ϯջٺݺֶһû뵽ŹȥգҲֶһٵĳס
Ůûպô
ϯ÷ĶȥѰ
һ뵽ֻûΪҪ
ϯ÷ʱϣ죬vvŮˣҡҪ


366 ֵʮ

㣬ǲѾˡ˵ţһԵӡ
æͳʮӣϯ÷ͷߵİϣ̫̫ǷƼӣ̫̫˵Ƽ̫̫ӣ̫̫š
һ°뱲ӣյûģʮӣ
̺ʮ꣬ѵһֵʮӣ
ϯ÷ʱһû
ϯҲŭˣ׼Ҵãʲô˼ѵСõһֵʮӣ
ϯǰϯ޵ıݣһá
Ͽϯ÷ȻֵֹЩӣҲֻΪ÷ô࣬ѾˣԹŭ÷Ҳز˵£÷һֱûҸ˵
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ʲôϲڼңôôɣūŲǺƭҵİɣ˵ţҪƿӲȥ
ŷױƿŷţֲ̫̫ʶ㣬Һƭʲô㻹ǸϽ߰ɣҪ̫̫ǡ
ϯأϲڼңϯڰɡ
һ磬ýŴҹζ࣬б䣬˭֪ϲڼңҵĴŶȥˡ
ŷС̫̫һˣڼҡ
ڴүСүŷûᡣ
̫̫С߲ã
үӲãȣܳţСүСܴͣοŷϳһ࣬ҲҰŽȥү̫̫ڣ۸Сү
˸գӲǱӣָŷıӣһ٣Ŵýţˡ
ŷԵ޹ʱǽһָԶⶼʲô˰ӲڼңѵһܷȥɣҪ
ˣȴһӵϯˣһ·˳絽ҡ
ѮĵҪ̵ʱҵ˶ȥɻˣֻڼ
ժˣ緹Ժжܳһͼϯﻹһ
šϯЦţܹȥеŵֱۣЦҺͰˣ·ϼڳ̣⹫;˾˾ĸǲǶȥˣ
ŮŮˣϺܸˣæϻϯ⣬ţ⹫˾˳ȥˣĸͶĸȥ˲˵ݽˮĸȥ˺ӱϴ·⹫ˮȥˡ
ȻͿƼȾļŴСѷмϣ㣬еĺˮ̳ơ


378 ѵ

ϵѵŮ˵㣬ôôණ˶࣬ûѶ٣㶼ãô׼Ǻء
ȻƼһϵİʵͷʲôǲϰɣ
ŵӦһǡ
ͷһѵ㣬ϴõĲϣǶû·ţﲻȱϡ
Һ㰢ɩˣʲôһɻҲ˺·ǲһǳˣͼȻ߳ŶᱻƲЩҲҪ㶼ûȥԼѴ
ϱѵģԴ̧
ǰԼ棬ţҰ͸⹫һ˴һӣʣµĶҺͰ蹵ľѣǴˣȥˣҲõø
ϯֿŵİѰ򿪣һ·ͣһͣһߵ·ӶôãҲϸ޲ʹһ꣬ҲûѰ˼˹ֿϧģˣſɱ
Ӵ⺢˵ʲôӴôõ·ô㼸˹ҵĺϣŴ򲹶·ϡ˵ţһӲȹչϲ⼸·治һģ㴩
˼˼ϯ󣬳ҲϯߣôܴϯﴩСľ·οϯҲ᲻ειԹȵı㴩ľѡ
ϯæţҸµģòŸľɵĸ㴩
ϯӰһ㣬óеȹǳеģʮֹء
ڰ£ϰ͸Ĳϣ˼ƥɫĳԼȹָ
ԭĸһһⲻûüء
һȹӣ֪ӹһ˲Ҫѵϯϯ״æţⲼϲģǱ͵ģģƭ˲٣ʮƥأһƥüȹţҼҾҺͰŮˣ洩ôӡ
˶٣ʵʵһ˼鲼ӣĸһһԭҲһǲɫӱʺ˴ԣһε·Ͳ͸ˣ㲻ɣ
ԭȥһӣɫ˰ɡ


379 

Ȼϯôһ˵ϵɫÿˣϯ֣Т˳Ǹúӣ·㲻õţĸҲȱ㰢ﴩˣͷŵȥҲӳһЩá
šϲˣѾȥˡϯЦá
ŮŮǲ֪ڼӵˣϾۣĽ̵Ů˵㰡ԺׯɲöˣǼڲǰǰһżˣԺȻѶ࣬ڣŮһҪüʮˣﻹǷծҪŮɣ
ϯԣЩЦãĵů̵ġ
Źģá
ϵﲻȱӻָϣҼլˣԭļ۸˺üʮӣүչǧӣȥȻһ֣ʣµ
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ܻϣˣϸ£ү˵Ӿ׬˶ӣȹȥһ׬Ķֶ࣬ȥٻڣЩծܻܿϡ
룬ѹүιǧӵĺȹӷЩծܻˡ
һ㶣Ȼյңϴ㻹˴ӴûǧӣҾǸˣǲιɺӣӰɣ
ţǡ
ǾͺãǾͺáһڴһֱѹĿϵĴʯͷҲһʧˡ
ɵɲ֪Һ㰢Ե֪Ů˰ǧլӺ󣬾һֱû˯þ浣ǻϣ㰢ҪѼĻó㻹ծôҲ֪Һ㰢һҲʮӣǰǧծȣ̫Զ
ȻŮôණҲἱ۵Ů
Ůôûһ
һεҸ߰ģð׵ôá
˵޳ȥŮóȥˮҺ㰢ԶǵСŮ£Һ㰢ôܲģڽ˵ˣԺ㰢Ҳ˯þˣҸ㣬Щӣ㰢Ϊҵ£˶һȦȥӣ˵Ҫʡŵ֪Щ㻹ծء


380 

ԣжۿˣʵҽհѳļѼⶼչʮ廨⣬߰˽Ĵ㣬ۺͺԣȥⶼ
һǽһ۰
ڴõģҲֻйڻũæ˫ʱ򼸽ԣƽͳԲ԰ԼֵĲˣͷˣͺһھƺȣũûʲôõ¾ƲˣҲըһԼֵĻ׸ͷ¾Ƴԡ
ŮңŮһôˣһ͵óʮ⣬ʮ㣬ӴιһöӳԺѽ
ĵϸϸһˣĸˡ
ʵ㰡ƽôԺȣһҪʮ⣿
ûУⲻǡ
ȿȡ
ϯͻȻҿ
Ҳ˲ȥϵĻæתͷĵʣôˣǺˣ
ȿȡţԼˮǺһ£ȿȡûˣöˡϯһ߿ȣһ͵͵ʹһɫ
ϼҧһԼͷڰѵļʱһͰѴֵ˵©˳
дԱڣ⼸ǵķϾʹûϹ㣬ǵķҲֻ࣬ʣڼģׯ
ⶼŮһȥмģ˵Ƕ˼ҸùŮɵͰأŶˣһ޲Ҷ͵ģү֪ϲȲ裬ˣũʱݲˮȡ
ľϲȵС⣬ϲȲ裬ϯͬ˺òҶͻ뵽Լˡ
޲ҶǷƹ͸ģԼ᲻úȣ͸˺ȡ
Ůܵϰ飬Ϻܸˣϵ̵ֽ֣Ƽֱ֮˼˼ˮˣžʱ䲻ˣһɻ˾Ҫˡ
æվ㣬㰢ЪһЪȥһ㰢Ǹûˡ
Ұһ
ţҰջ𡣡
Ϻϯ˵ţҪȥݣϵӻĶòǰæ˼˼ȥ˵ҲջˡȻƼȾϡ
ϵʮ˵ķˣһæĹĥĥȥǾ͸ûˡ


381 ʮ

һٷǴһģ˶ľӻʱѾˡ
沣Ҳһˡ
úŮˣ˼Ѽһӻʳɰλ˾˸˻ˡ
͵͵ϸ״Ҳ֪ôˣصģô۵ĻҲûðӣƶٺˣ˵Ҫء
ˣӷȣڵҼծ񻹲ϵ£û뵽Ǹˡ
ȻεͶʮװãھͷҲˡ
ʮǮһ⣬ʮٶʮǮǰϯҶյĽӣڣһյĽö
լӴˣ˶ˣҲ˲٣Ӳû׾ݣǰĻһЩϻӣҲǰһ뻹Ȧ
ӹˣϾŶТ˳һЩóԵĸԣ⼸꣬׾ʱڣͷɿˣˣҲֵҡ
ʮСã㡭ծܻϣҪ㻹Żծɣ㻹ծٶЩǳԾУҺʹ治һԡ
СΪǵĿڸ֮ծӶˣæȰϱˡ
Сȫ꣬˵ʣء˶٣ֵɼȢϱͣ˼˼ҲҪˣﻨӵĵطܶ࣬ȹһЩȸüðЩױƸ񡣡
ɲУӣҵģôãҪǱ÷֪ˣøܾ
£÷ԸģǣǺãžǣ⼸꣬Ҳûٰǡ
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382 ˷

ҲҪã˲׬˺üӣҲδȱӻãʱ򣬻ҪʮӻãҺͰТ˳Ƕϵġ
ûнľݹӣͳӵݸľŮʮˣЩһֱͰﰢ簢ɩڵңһֱңŮӺùˣʮӣҺͰТͰõģeҪ㲻ҪҺͰﶼ᲻ܣ°ɣ͵ȫҺͰϵТġ
ŮôˣپܾŮŮТģĲ̡
ľӣţ˵ʲô˽Ͽľϵӣ۾ɵϴ󣬡ͷӣӡ
ǰģ˵ŮǵТ
ѽѾͷԼӲˣôӣûȥ˵ţʹľӣϣҺ㰢ȱӻе滹ӺТǣӻҪӣ͸ðһЩױòŵҺ㰢
ͰȱӻҺͰТҲǵһ⣬㲻ܾܾȻԺҶˡ
ְϡ
ĸŮ˺˺һľ￪ˣȻŮŮТ°ɡ
ˣԺҽڻȥǡ
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磬ľӺϱȥɻˣȥ˶˵强˼˼ϯȥ˵Ļ
˼˼ĸǰʱʱ࿴һңǰȥģڸڴ飬ʶ֣ڳһѧ˷ˣ죬˵ǺݳǵĴ˼ңһ¸ء
죿
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ݳǴ˼Ψһģռҡ
˼˼һߴϯ֪ұǿ˶Է
ϯʵ㣬Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵˲һôˣ
Ǻ˲̺ͰﶼˣҲòýֶˣ˵֮ϣֻǣ׵ʱǺӵİȴͻȻʨӴ󿪿ڣҪðʮӵļױȥ̵˵ǼóʮӵƸҾһʮӵļױ


383 

ʱ˶ԷֻóƸȴҪҳʮðױʲô¾Ͳˡ
ֳܳɲŹ֡
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˼ңһϱ
ϯһؼҾ˽ȥһ꣬ҪǣҵˣҺͳг𣬳Һϯҽã⡭
ϯĵܾⲻһź¡
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һҲ˵˼˼¡
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˵ӣֳֽˡ
ǣӶɣȻڳɻûãѧգǣҲˣһֱêɻܶϱ
˼ҺʹһСӣӶܴˡ


384 

ɵ飬ҵ˲֪Ϻϯ˶ˣһӶæų̣ҲûȥȻҲûӨӨӵҪ׸Ĵԡ
ȻҲܰȻָҪֵȥ
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üһ˿ҲЩУʲôһسǰ˳ԹȥæЩ죬ҲˣڼҺúϢգֵǱҺͰչˣͷĺˡ
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ӣ쾾ˡ
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ˣЩŮŮǣŮ𱸵ѽô飬ôͲЩǣû£Ҫǡޡȥ£Ͳˣû£ҡ


385

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ô˶סöʳԣʳţҪסҲУ米һٽ׹껹ֻ죬ٸץֻ쵰ԲԣԵĻüҲˣһũæû⣬ҶĶ쵰ү·ҪԶ쵰ҵܰٸ
ϯҶľׯֻũҲϰֻѼͶ죬⼸꣬ϯҶûԣôִɭľʱ˳ͼֻѼԡ
ͷԼ⣬ǶĳԲˣϯͬøһЩá
ϯˡ
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ϵ˰ˣϺͿҲûٳ͵ļѼ죬ıҼһ࣬ҲˣҲãԲˣŮȥôҲܸá
Ҳûţһֱĵֱڶͣ£˳Ϻһżĵ㣬ɼסǿȥ
ţ㣬ڣСĿ·ϯ߹ȥֲϡ
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ƼС㣬ūһȥȡһյƹ
ţȥɡ
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Ƽʱϯ
ϯЦţ۾ã·㲻ϤҲߡ
ЦǺǵģŮߵһߣŰһɩ۰ߡ
ţŰߣõҡ
ˣʱҹ·ũæ˫ʱɻ⻹ҪĨźڻصļңҲûˤ
οС⻨԰·ʯש·ƽء


386 ط纮

ֵ˼գһЩϻףϻɴµ·ʱҲһһȳϺһˣǽһۣϱ˾˿
޹˺־ԼмＸǲȻѧűһܣ˼һȭͷ͹ǴСʲôӣԴͷˡ
ˣҲӳǿȥ˴ܣҪһǻ
˵»СС»ô
ֵܱѵĸƵģһ仰ҲҷһԵϯĳȥˣÿ类ѵĳ档
С㣬˳ū澣˵Ǹ߲ã̫̫ˣһɫѣͷϴŴ컨ýӡ
ϯջСԷȾ˵ߵʱ򣬻˳һ٣ԱھӼҵˣ̽ԴЦ
˳ŷС˵֡
ϯüšһšĵ죬ǴﲻĿģĲݡ
С㣬㲻ôǵóô̫̫ý֮ǰͷСȻýˣԷٳ£СҲһ
ϯЦһˣǻףҴȳ˴žǡ
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Щ죬֣ȴһֱܺãܽ׳ʮ϶û⻹ǵһϢ
Ϸ¿ӣʵ֪̫̫ʲô
ط纮
ϵı飬ʱù˼֡
յģط纮⡭
̫̫˵Ǵ̫̫̰ϴһˮ裬糿Դһֱۣ˵ˣ̫ңղá
һ˿ãͷֻİϻá
ϵڳｨլӣ̫̫ʱˣɲ漰ʱ
Уǻװ
ϯͬ裬Ժ󣬳̫̫⣬˵£޹أҲ̫̫ǰ


387 

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ȻͳϺϱǵУһˣ㣬ͷӣ°ˣҲ˵һãἦͷָһȻָٶթһӡ
ֲɵӲȥ鷳մϡ
ϵү˵ĶԣȻ˵ܴ󷿵ˣԺ裬Ҳȥ󷿵£ǾͰһգ̫̫ͽȥУԺǸТТöܵģҲܣ䲻һ֡
ӦһǣȻȥ
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ϵ㰡Ůǻʲô˼Ǻʹ󷿶˹ϵ
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ȥˣֻµ̫̫ˣӣүô죿
˵ţ̾һҲǱƵû취ŲԸȥܴ󷿵顣
ܵĺãȻŮȥ˰ؽլӣֻµӻŮϽӿڵ
ŮһѾףŻһԻĿŮʲôĸĶǺڵģûŮһ˿йѪ⣬ǲݡ
ϲģŮԺǵźɩԶԶģeչȥ׽


388 Ť

һˣϻؼҺ󣬾˸ӵӿڣϯҶĴš
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ϲĺͿģﻹһֱҪϯ˵׵飬ӲŰԸءң߰ɩýţȥүס
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ӴˣĸӴʯͷŵϡͼһȭͷʯͷ·룬ڵϴ
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һֱڰĳţվԭؿޣˡ
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ʱѾ˻֮С
ֱºãҲһЩʶѹĵһ£ӡ
Ѿߴٵ̫̫ӽŤˣ׵ϸߣ²˵أ˵ʹˣκˣԺ·Ҳʱʱһ£Ӳ̫̫͸̫̫˶䣬ӽȥ˼ϡ
ʲôˣϴ󾪣Ȼ󼱼ʵҺϯСv˵£̸ˣ
ʲô£һµĿ
ϵһǰԸȥ֪̫̫ͨýȥϯҶףôѵû˵ɣ
̫̫ūѹû˵£ʱҲûٵǵĿϣǲǲͿˣôһ˵


389 ϯ÷

ϸ廹˵ģĻɳں󣬾ͱ
ȰϢe£һֱϯʵ£Ը٣ȥһˣ̫̫߱ýȥϯҶף˵˵ģһҪɡ
̫̫⡭£ǲɡɫԥ֪òø̫̫ࡣ
ϵ׻ûȥᣬô֪ɣ
һ飬һɲһ˼գ
̫̫¡
ʲôô죿ϾĲӴ
̫̫Ҷ˵ˣҪúþæס´
̫̫һֱţԲ֪·˺ö顣ԥǾ̫̫ࡣ
ѹʮǰӱݻң̫̫һסڸڵķ䣬ӱݻؼҵĵ죬үӭȢһλòŮӽš
ٰ򵥵˵һ飬Ķˡ
ŵʵӺī޶ʮ꣬ô˵ݾͱˣ
̫̫ūҲ֪ū˵¹ŵ̫̫Ҳϣ·ϱ۸ǡү·һ޼ҿɹ飬үҡ
ʲôƢ̫̫Ҳ֪ݵò̤ңⲻүʱȥϰˣҪȥ¥ǡүˣүӡòТ޺Ϊݵӡ
ӽӵ󣬾ͺˣƾôߣôүҲһ֣ݻûգүȢΪҡ
˵µʱյϸǰѹĵ͵ͣ¸ڵĳϺϯ÷
˺һĵĲϯ÷ϯϯãбżݻҵĹ***ڣϣССĻ£Ҫˡ
̫̫һ£ūû˵
ʲô£
ǡǶС¡
ԥһ£ǾʵߣҵϲϣСͱү˽ᣬץǶС㶨˱үգѾˣ˻˸˶ڶˣھ·ݣ̫ү̫̫չһ꣬үͶС£˵ˣֻܵ͵죬ܴ롣


390 ٱ

ʲôһξĲӴ
֮ǰ˵ҺϯҶ²ɣѵָúʶˡô᣿
ҺϯҶ˳ˣȥʲôѵҪīȢСϱɣŭ
ŭ֮£˵˿ûѹͣƬ̺ķžͱ˴ƿˣϯ÷˽ɩһңʲô˼
÷ĪҺʹֻ˵úͰҵϲϡһյ˵ȥӣȻתƻ÷īȢˣԺҪô죿㻹ᣬܲһֱµĹŰɣҪɩӸĥһõģ׼Σ
ôǾҸϯҶˣҪߣϯ÷ĶߵϣҸ㣬ңֲ㵱ҰﻹأҰ棬Ҫߡϣûİǰ˭һѹŶˣұˣûüֵҪһ߿ҡҸ㣬ûŶҪߣҾҰ㣬Ҳ㳢һݵζ
˵ϯ÷ӱı쳣һ蹷һ˭ҧ˭
ϱһͨ죬ߵģġ
ʲôû˵أͱϯ÷һ١ޡϯҴ󷿵ĵĸ˵㣬˭˵㣿
̫ţ
ߣҪȥġ
һߣϯҴ󷿶һ˵ġ
ݺݰϯ÷һ٣ȴ޹ίĺܣ÷ҿû˵ҪĻֻ㣬ʮ꣬ôᣬʮءô꣬һôһ룬ҶΪ۰
ߣǿ޺ӼٴȱһףʲôоӣһǾǺڵĵú̿ӡϯ÷ָ
һίϲȥǿͰ͵ӡ
ټ״æڰԼ˵ӣ̫̫ûȥ̫̫һ͵ŴСͶС㣬ūһϲϵ£ӣǿһ䶼û㡭ͱˡ
ž
vˣһֵõѵңϯ÷̧֣ҿݺ˴ٺüӣѴٶ۵ˡ
ϳ÷ҵѾߣοҲû˵ʲôܲ׾ʹˣҪˣͻԸȥҵˡ


391 ȱ

Ͽɲϯ÷ë
ոҴѾߣվ͸Ҵͷңϯҵĵĸɲ뱻һҵĹ***ﵽͷ
֮ǰǿŵϣ棬Ȼ˼ҲҪôߣɲá
ϵŭˣžҪ´ټ״˹ȥ̫̫ū澲Ҫѣ廹ţ򲻿´
ޡװʲôװϯ÷޵
ϯ÷󣬿˵˶Ťˣʲôˬ˭Ҫһ٣һ١
⼸գΪϯҴµūţڼβˣ·ҷ»ӲˣɳͲй
ɼʱϯҲкüūŸˣصĻԴ֮ϯ÷ݻҺϯҴ󷿾ͱūϿ鲻õķϣΪҲֻһֻ۱һֻۣ᲻ѵһ䡣
ȴһݣʹϯ÷ԽŤԽ̱
Ҳһǵˡ
Ҫϯ÷ˡ
ϱٰȥ۵Ĵڴݺѹϯ÷һأκ͵ǶȥɣˣҪϢ
Ҳûٿϯ÷һۡ
ϯ÷֪ǵϣôаΪȻϲ˿ҲҶô
ϯ÷ߺŽţȥˡ
ϿЩ׵ӣҲȥɣȥҪ󼦵һա
ѵùһԼʮָˣǷǷ͸ˡ
ȴٳȥˣϲûϸϯúʵ顣

ûãϯ͵õϢ
ϯﹴЦϯ÷լպϲŲеƶǱϯãóԸҲ³ɡ
С㲻óԸǻףȹЩٸ¶Ū˾ǡƼ赭д˵
һºƼʮϯһССļıѣһãһԽ⣬ֵܱ˳պ󶼹Ĳð
ϯһۣɲһܲһ׮飬ȱ飬Сɲ
УϯúʲδޣôͲ𲻵ã
īϯ÷ʮķˣòʱʱû˵ȱ°


392 ı

С㣬λүسˣūȥмʱ˴үү˵չү̫̫˳ı
ϯϲǵ˳ˡ
ϯҶסպ󣬼ӵĲöˣµ·ҲסȥˣҪӽӻؼϺϯͬסҲֻ˼ҡ
ȥʱϯͬ·ϻٷ⣬ͰѼ书ѾȥＸһ·͵ׯ
ֵʮ죬ѾõĲˣǡӵһʴ󶩵ƹ͸ֵȥţҪǻɻ
ϯԸݣȥ̫̫һλҪǱߣ̫̫ǰԤϡ
ǣС㡣
ϲ̵ȥ˹Է
һߣϯƼ̸ϵ顣
ƼŸµҩҲֻάְµĲأ֮ὥתãٹʮ죬ͻõĲ࣬ū澣С㻹ҪҪҩ
ˣһ纮Ҳúˣҩ͸˻ɡϯ˼ַԸƼȥͨ󷿵ˣᣬϺϯ÷Ĺϵ񻯣ǹɩ˳ɳˡ
С㣬ϯ÷ĿǰŤƢǲϵĹϵҲòˡƼ˶٣С㣬ֱͱϺεĹϵ
ֻҪϺεĊ|ع⣬ϾһʱϾҲûʸСĻ¡
ңһһӽϴҲ
ϯָãҪع⣬ֻǱҪѡһǡʱ
Ϻε棬һ㶼ϣҹ˾ͨϯһ˰ҹȥץֻҲᱻεɱڡ
Ǿͱڰ˽ᡣƼ
ϯӲȴ
εһʮֽС֮ˣҪɲס
οϴھ¥ε˺ôһˣڶôȥѲ֣ƽնŴţѲֵ£Ҳˡ
С㣬ҪүæƼԥһ£
ϯﲻͬС£鷳үһεôȥͨϯҴ󷿵ˣʹϣϯ
ƼУ¶˷ܵЦ⣬С㣬ӺãϺεߵĸϺ֮ĳ޼
ǰһϯ÷һ仢պϵӹĿ϶ˮȣӾʡ


393 

ϣƼĳȥ˵ʤһˣҵţһ
ڶգֵͣ͹ùùøһ˺ڳԷʱȴһ˺嵭ζࡣ
ճ꣬ɨԺӵӣ߽ꡣ
뿪ʱһֹı飬ϵĺ棬ǲʲô£ֱ˵ǡ
ӳ̤żһֻţߵϴǰС̫̫治ū죬ʵǡǼѾߺӴ̫ˣū̫̫ڹ͡Ϊ̫̫λСƽ
˵ţһ߷߲ƽӣ磬Ҳ֪˭ʲô򿴵ʲôȻڴ˵СҪ߶Сնµ¡
˵һ磬СȥҶͱүҺ԰˵˵Ц̬|вٸɻѾӶۿˡ
˵ĸһ
̫̫ūСɲһյʡ͵ĵƣ罫С㶨ȥֻ¶С£ҲʹСһСߡ
ҡū
ƲƲ죬˵һˣʲôҵġ
ͷҲʱ
öʣȻ˵ЩŮƻļƻͷȴҲţԼֶʵҺ񣬻ˣòҲĲ˵һɶõĺˡ
ƢЩСԣҪȥ˱˼ңֻ»һͷԣȥϱͰ簢ɩֻ۸ˣһ⡣
ɲ³ʲô
Ӽ΢΢ɫȰֻ̫̫ǧûǧշģ䵣С˶С£̫̫ĽС޳ȥһݡ
ߣҵ룬ϯ龰˭ȢϯСΪޡֻ͸˼檣˼ҶҪ
ǱߣϢ˵ףϵ˴Ůϯᰵ¡
ӵһֱδϢƵ֮ңȻϯѾ֮ͨãͲ׸ġ
Ǿͺã̼ҵѾˣҵ˵ʲôҲˣȻϯҵС㣬˭Ȣ΢΢ȥģصԭȻϯϵ£ˣһ̼׵Ĺܶʲô˼ң͵͵ųȥֻҪԸС㣬²ҪƸҲͬˡ


394 

⡭Щԥ̫̫үڼʱû۰С㣬ҪΪС㶨żңСТ˳Ļ͸öһܰүæ˼ң˵زͷһӣոճ꣬δףܽС㶨үպزͷһúտүүͷӣҲܺùһЩ
ԣ۾ʱĸ̫һ͵ĿӼ䣬²زͷһˣСȥңӿ϶ĺܺá
Ͷˣʶȴүһɵӵ¡
Ц£ͽȥˡ
⡭̫̫ūһϲ̨Ĵʹӣūȥô£ֻؼҵ˻Ϊǿؼҡ£̫̫͵һʵѡȥС
Ϊ˭ʣ
̫̫ʵ̫̫ߵĺʺϡ
ȻūţūҲŵȡ
µȵ֣ϵȵһ̫̫ߵĴˣ̫̫ʲôҪ˽£ɺȥ졣
ϵȥҺ˵иȥ졣
ǣ̫̫
Ӧſݡ
һڴϣˡ
һֱϯϺһжд̣رϯŮϯᰵºһֱǺġ
ϯϵĵĸϯϵ£Ҳԭһ˼ңȥ檣һһС
û뵽ϯϾȻôӣȻҹ|̶ү˽̶үĻɲɵˡʹԭ̼ϯᰵ£תϯϡ
ڣﵹҲҡ
ڵ̼Ҷ׵˲ϯᰣȻ׵˾ͱϯᰡ
ʸһοϯɵӣһõĴ¡
ת˼ϯ϶¡
µĲ
Ҷ˵һõĺô
һãֺεεΪɵȢϱĴ⡣
ãԶԳ˵֮Խϯεչһ´ϯͬ֡
һֱϯͬء
Ͽ϶Ҳ̬ȣı䡣
ο̼˻ˣһ׵ƿһżҿɲףϯ϶ؼңҲһź£ϯҲûʲôԸġ
Խ룬Խ²
ȺϾͽµĺô˵һ飬Ȼ뺫ȥýżһˣԴýţȥؼһˡ


395 

һ磬˵ʤȥýżңȻýһȥؼҡ
磬ϯ͵õϢ³ˡ
С㣬һʲôƼĦȭƣһ˷ܵʵ
ʲô
Ȼץ鿩
ϯҴ󷿺ؼףݣ֮󣬿϶Ȳ׼ĸȥؼҰݷá
Ժεúȥһ̫̫
С㣬̫̫ļ˶꣬һֱδؼҴţҲδӴˣ̫̫ȥˣֻҲ̫̫Ƽ
ϯﹴ̫̫ϴ̫̫ء
ƼٺٵЦ
ʱȾ˽ϻһС㣬ϰ
˵ţݸϯ
ϯӹһ͵ϰȥɽɽׯסһ£պ̡
ȥɽׯ̫ˣС㣬ūȥɡƼ۰Ͱ͵ĿȾҲ¶ڴ
ϯЦǶһȥݼ¡
ɽɽׯϰ˵ļױϰ˾ÿǷ޽ҵĵ£Ҳһϰȥɽׯϰ˾ͽɽׯ¡
֮ÿ죬ϰȥɽׯסһ£ʮ䣬⾹ѳϰߡ
⼸գԽԽȣϯ˱ɽׯֻǣҲûʸȥɽׯСס
źţû뵽ϰ˾͸
ϯĵ׸ˣҲ˼֣Ѿ߷ԸգǶ׼һЩȥɽׯҪõĶɽó࣬౸һЩҶҦǵĹӶˣҪһ׵ͣ׼ȥɽϵ㣬࣬ڸãǲ֪ɽׯûг㣿
еģС㣬ɽׯ̺ɣС㣬Ե㡭үеͣС㣬ҪūȥүǶһ׹
ɽׯʲôϯֻΪ˲ѾߵĻɣϯﻹǶ˲ٹڱɽׯ£ȻүĵͣȻǺõģճ緹ȥ衣
ǣС㡣
Ƽ߸˵Ӧˡ
ȴ֪ǰϯһʱ˵㣬õǳһס
ϯù֣Ȼ뻻eġ
ϣϯȥ˹ԷϺϯͬԷڷϣϯҪϰȥɽ¡


396 ϯ

Цϰãһֱ㣬ȥˣһҪúϰˣɲϰ
˶٣ֶ£㲻õǣȥ˾ͺúһ棬˵ҵıɽׯɵʮ£羰ҲرվɽׯһͤϣݳǣȥһҪȥһͤǵĺݳʲôӡ
ͤϯȥ֪ٴΣݳǵľҲԺĨȥ
ң֪ڱɽׯĺ滹гƬĹ֣˴ﶬĸڵˮԹҵ˳ԡ
ļǳӶң֦ļڡ
ϲ֦լԺӲ󣬲δ֦լ߸հҲã֦ˣֻСûҪ֦õȵꡣ
ϯʱҸ֦ԡ
ѾͷûȥųԡϺЦѵһ䣬Ȼֿĵ˵ϴڰ£ϰ˵һƬڷɽǲǾڱɽׯ
ţĲԶʵͽš
Ƭ֣ǳҵĲҵһֱųϰٿ˳Եˮɽׯڹָڣϰ˵ޣҲϰ˰ޣǼҵĲҵ
ϯϰߵδ˵̫үϰ˵Ƭһ飬Ƭֺͱɽׯ̫үϰ˵ڡ
һڵıɽׯǰϰȴ͸ϯ
С㣬ǱϢ극ϯջصСԷ˴ǰԺƼ
ƼϯҴ󷿺ؼҽ£˹⴫ȥˣϯҴ󷿵λС㶼ˣŴϢ˵Сȥ˴̫̫Ժݺݵһ٣ĸŮְѴ̫̫һ٣Ȼʰϯˣ˵ǻҡ
ɲһڲˡ
֮ǰ֮ԻϯֹͬһһһɽðԼŮиԹȹĵطסǿϲ˳ۣ¡
ò׼ϯ֣ͬӻûգϯͬ־ȥˣϯҵլֱˣʧһӣϯҴǷĸǧӻûʧһʡ״ϯ뿪ϯңһֱҲýˡ
Ͼϯֵͬ檣ĸŮ˻ϯףûϯҵ飬ˣͷҲϯֵͬϯҵ檡


397 

գ˵ϽŮһɵӺˣôãҵһڡ
żҴһϯϣܵǰһͨ˼ӡ
ҪѾĿ죬ʱסֻϵᱻࡣ
˦ѾߺӣȻȥҳϡ
ҶΪȥҳҪһ˵˭֪ڼϺ󣬶˵óһ飬Ȼץųϵһָӡ
ȳϷӦѾãŽ·ͷ
ȻʰԼϸŰϯ뿪ϯҡ
ϵ֪ĸŮ˺ѾˣȥȴѲĸŮӰ
ϯ֪ϢʱڼＱϻûθڳԣֻһҩ
ϯﵹǸģƲˣһҲϳԿ
ֻǣº»ʵǻʱ᲻һ
ѳ죬߻һ˹׵ϯϣһңɲס
ƼС㣬ϯˣؼǱߵ񲻾Ҫˣ
İɣϲˡϺò׺ε׼ң˹εɣö˲Ź֡
ƼŶһȥʰϯҴ󷿺ؼôƼѾû˼ȥעˡ
պһ磬Ҿϯȥ˳ҡ
˳ſڣϯ󣬾ͼҴſڣͣʮ滹רװ
Ѿߺһӣװ
ƼյߣССͼұСѾߣǸӣǶϰ˵ӣһΣŮǣҲǴһȥɽׯ
ҶˣϯﶼʶҲ˽⣬ÿϰȥɽׯʱҲ᲻ĸһȥ
ϰرϲϰ˵ɽׯٵ֪ϰ˰ѱɽׯתº󣬻Ц˵Ҫɽׯм۵˫ɽׯϰģʱû˻С۵Ķϰˡ
С㣬ȥɣȥϰȶʰˣ͸ˡ
ϯĿЩƣȾֱۣ
ϯʱ񣬰׿߰ɣȥɡ
ǰǳϱϰ˵ĸǰˣһתۣת۾˳ҵˡ


398 ˳

˸Ҫţͼϰߵδӭ˳
ϯС㣬ˡδǷϯ񣬵ϰãūȥ
˵ţǰ·
ãһȺѾڽİӣϰ˶ף±˼С㡣
ϯ̧ɨһȦʶġ
넣ܽλС㣬ϯʶҾС㣬ļҶС㣬ϯҲʶֻǰʶǵһгҶλС㣬ϯﶼİ
ϯϰ밲ףϰ彡˳⡣ϯ߹ȥϰ
ϰЦǺǵ֣ˣ
ڶӵľˣϰŶһЩԴϯҲͱԵļλС㶼Ҫм֡
Сһ˫Ĵ۾һߴϯһЦϯС㣿Ǽˣ֮ǰ߿ûǰ㡣
Ȼһźϧȥ˸ȻͿԺһȥɽ
ϰ˹ЦѽСѾͷҿҲҼҰ߸ˣ㰢ǰջҸǰ߶˵ڼƤϲһֻ໨
ǲСģϲϷ͸̣ðҿһء
С˵ţ¶ۡ
ܽе֮ǰҿǸϷͼˣͼֽ㻹ûУҲһ
ͼֽûˣҪһȥ㻭һģǸͼֽҲԼġ
Ҫ໭ֻܲٶֻǲǸÿһܽһȤʵСעϯתƿ
ϯȴ˳ϰˣʵȣôθǲǵˣһգȵ˷ɽóһ¾ܳԡ
ϰȵʣݳǵ߰·ȣÿ굽³ϰ˶һȺСȥɽ
ȵʱϰθ½ԲʲôȴϲԽգҲװӣһЩС̶ͻʣմǳԣϰرϲԡ
ǰϯϰʮ̷꣬ϰʮ꣬ϰ˵һЩСϰߣϯ
ϯǰ˲׼
ѾͷˡϰЦе֣ˣڲôãϲõĽգڼȥ


399 ˳2

ܽȻںСһ˼ȴϯϣϯϰ˸ˣ죬̣Ұ˲ٽգְĽء
Ҳƴҵ󣬻ܳԲգ
һССҵ仧Ů̵ĺôޡ˭ϡĽղɡ
ܽһϯﲻ˳ֲۣҵϰ˵ϯֻܰϯ̨û
ϯԳܽЦЦ˳Ļ˵ȥƼ˵Ĳˣȳ˾¥ĴʦĲ˻ҪóԣһأҲҪĽգϰˣʱɵöҼˣҴĽգһ˳ԡ
úúã㼸ҵǷݶԣãҲ볢һգѾͷû˵˺óԡ
ϰһθ˵ֿЦ
ѳܽ춼ˡ
ܿ죬ǰϰˣװ׵ˣʱ̡
Ǿ߰ɣȥ֪̫̫̫̫ͨͶİˣǸˡ
ϰ˵ţȳݡ
ϯ࣬һߣһȺ˸߲ҵСǡ
˴ſڣϯ˶λϰˣںʹ̫̫̫̫˵
ϰ߹ȥããɫˣҲˣȻ緹Ҫˡ
ȥɽһʱ·̣ٲߣ͸ϲ緹ˡ
ϳ̫̫ЦֳС֣˵Сţһ
СеھţСǼ˳ƺС
С죬һϯҺ͹ùһҪҪ
Һþûˣ˵˵С˵꣬ϰ˾Ц
СʱźĿһϯȻԹԵŴ̫̫һ
ҶС㣬ǵİһ𣬶̫̫ŮһʣµĶСϯųϰһ
ųһ𣬶ǳϰ˵ޣ˽ǰϯû֪ĳвٰ˺ܶСʳ͸ֻ衣
ÿ굽ϰ˶ϲȻرǽ˶ɤӺãϰ˵׿ԣȵһɤӣտԵľˡ


400 Ƥǳ

ϯС㣬С㣬ūһ裬ϲȣū݄eĲˮǺȣ⳵ʲôҶУүԤõģϲʲôܸū˵
ϣСѾϲһһΪϰ裬һ߶λС˵
ҲϲȽ裬ɤӡ
ǰÿգϯͻϰһȽ裬ѾϰˣﻹȄeĲˮ
ĶС㲻ϲ裬Ҳ˼ϲΪһһֻýţ˽衣
ϲΪ˲ˮִӰͳģڰϣĵܽظʹоĵģϰ˳˵óԣλСҲ
˵ţóһģһĵģݸƼĶСѾԡ
ϣһ߸ˣϰϯĶС⣬ϲ裬ƼĶСѾ졣
۾͵͵һƼϯ˸Żްɫ
ĶСҲϳƼǳѾߡ
ѾߣȻϯߣϯǲȻоһ˿ΣС
ĶС㿴ϯ۹⣬һ˿ӺĮ
һΣ㰢̶վͺóԣһٳҪǳŲҶԣܳĸϰûļͶ˵ɫ㣬ϯ֣ȵ˻⡣
ϯЦϰԣ»ҰһЩȥϣֻǳĶԣŴղÿ˻ܶԡ
ʱҵ֪˰㣬ӿڵϰˣ˰ɣϯСҲ˵Ӳܶԣһ
ϰ˾ͰӣŴգաƶա
ջУģ˶ЩҲû£ɢɢʳȥˣŴղʳԶˣӻӲܡ
ˣϰԵģͻó費ע⣬һ֮ͻẰܡ
²һˡ
ÿοĵȰϰˣÿϰ˵ӦĺãһԼԵģһСģͻԡ
ϰ˵ҿǱ㿴εģûԡˣǰһСӣҸҳԣϴһӷϣûУ
ϲʱһίĵū澱һӣң»ˣӵھ죬ϲŴӾֻǣ·˶̫̫̫̫ӲҪˣ˵ССԡ
ϰˣɫʱһƬƤǳġӣҶûԹɣ


401 Ⱦ

ϰҲõС˵ϱãϰߵϯ֣СɽׯĺһƬ֣˶ʮֹӣңˮңˣҡǹӳ켾ڣҪǲۣȥժӳԣԶٶС
һôѳҵһЩ
ϯЦˮңۺۺģҲÿˣûӶҲóԣǲô˻öԡ
УʮӶҼ˴ŪģҪͨӶһ£ʱȥˡ
ʵϯ֪гŪӶ
ǰϰ˰׷ͺڷˣĵıʹγϣԲ£˯ţ̫үȥϰȥɽϱҲ˳ϰɢɢġ
һֻ̫꣬үϰȥ˱ɽׯСȥȴûȥʱոռ޽ң˳ڤޣʲôҲʲôҲ˽⣬ԺﰧԼļ
ϰ̫ү鿪£Ҳˣ֮ϰ˰ȥɽס˰¡
ǰ£ϰһʹȥժӶԡ
ϰ˵ˣֻʮӶϰ˰Ӷĸһʱȥල˸ˮ
ժӶʱŪ֦
ǰ˵үϲȥĴѰ֣⴫ģȲҪһµӶǸʲôζ
Ȫһ˵ţʮֺ
ҲƯԶɽü촽۾ʱƻ˵һ㡣
Ⱦ˿Ŷˮˮģһͻϲϣϯȴƫƫϲ
ϯ֪ȾĲƱϵɰģϵ̨ĥīˮҪڡ
ǰĵڶ꣬Ⱦݳ棬ڳסһ£֮Ҳ֪ô£ȾľȻͳүˡ󣬳˳̫̫
Ⱦļ޽Һĵһ죬Ϳ˳ۡ
סҺȾľͿ˳ۣڱʹ£ﰵҲ֪ҹٴΡ
üΣƵײ
Ǻϰѧ䣬պҲıǿˣȾľҲұݺ


402 Ӳ

ϸһ룬ϰ˶ԵʱĴ֪Żһլϰ䣬ӵԱ
ҲպˣóҼ۸ȥ
ֻǡǰȾ³ĳңôǰˣ
ѵıȾĵľ
ϯµĲ
Ѳ֪ı˺ܶ˵ˡ
ʵļ˼ͳһϼףֻǣǰ·ݣļҲͷͻȻŵ˳جģļҲòʱЪ˼
ֱһļҲȾݳǣ֮Ⱦļ޸˳ү
ûȾҲǰһݳǡ
ϯԸоȾڴֺóϰˣȴʱʱĶƳӵĿ⡣
ϯ͵ûˬϰһ·ĵɽ
ϯڿλã³ʱϯһȻϰ

ϰ˾ϲʹˬľĵʵҿ߾ʹСѾߣҲûӣҪҪɸӸʹ
лϰˣƼȾ̺㹻ˡϰ˻룬ּæ͵ЩӣҵСѾܶһˣƼȾҲȥү̺ˡ
ܲ˼ҵѾ߾Ͳ˼ҡ
ү˵ʲôѵϰͲ룿
˭֪ϰ˾ڰ֣õ˳֣͸ãҲûôĶôʹǣʹСӼˡգİƼ˵ȥ
һѵֲܵСѾ߲ɣ
˵ϯֻϲСѾߣѳҵܹȥϯҶҲʹʹ͹ȥ
ӵɱȼūŵֵӶˡ
ϯһæӲãôƽ޹ҪүѾߣʹá
ҪǱ֪ˣΪҪء
ϯ˵˵ȰϰЪͷ
Ѿ˹
̫̫ڿվϰߵϯʱԶһ£ȻƤЦⲻЦĵϯС㣬ͷһɽׯɣߴūûҪҪɸūŹȥ̺㣿
̫̫ĿɨһȦδϯѾߺӣĿȴƼȾͣһ£Ȼƿ
ϯ΢ЦԶԣл̫̫ĹģֻҴѾߣͶ̫̫ࡣ


403 

˵Ѿ߲ƼȾѾͷɣ̫̫˵ţ¶Ѿͷǳҵūţ֪ʱϯҵˣ
̫̫֪ôҸүãүӦˣôѵүӦ˲㣿Ҫ̫̫ͬ㣿ϯ¶һΪѣô죬Ѿߣ̫̫ӦһΪء
С㣬ūүˣүϣүû˿ū澵ȥ
ϯﷴ˶̫̫һ٣ĩƼһѶ̫̫ĲѪ
̫̫Ҫ˰ϯϳȥϰ˵϶ϱԸ£Ըһȥ
һ仰ʹö̫̫æ죬ȴͶһ۸ϯ
ϰ˼һĿˣҵĿ˿ֳʲô£ʱ˵ŵĲ档
ô˵棬̫̫̫̫Ѿˡ
ϰ˾꣬Ҳٿһۣϯ֣Ѿͷҽȥɡ
ǡ
ϯֺǺǵĲϰ˽ˡ
󣬳ܽݺݵĵӰҧгݵ飬Ͷ̫̫еһƴ
ϯоˣȴ˿⡣

ݣϯϰ˵࣬λãǳܽͳģ˿ֻ̣ϯһϰࡣ
ܽ󣬼ϯռԼλãϯĿ⣬ͷŷ˶һ㣬Ķޡ
ϰҲŮϯĲƣ͵ˣǼСѾͷһ·ҲˣȥЪŰɣò̫š
ߵЩڻûϰ˾ݵһǡ
뵽ղŶϱͶŮϯ̬ȣϰ˵ĸŮ˻ᱳ۸ϯͷԸδ裬ȥֵĸԺӣҪ϶ҽȥ¸ﰲһԺӣ϶һԶЩС
δһϰ˵˼æӦһȥԺ
ɽׯһϵլӣСԺĶ࣬СԺӣԺа˸Ժʮסôˣȴжࡣ
ϯﱻ˶ߵһСԺӣϧסڵǼҽöˣϯͼҽʶҲദĲϯڰϧסʮ⡣
ֻǣϯ˸ʰͱ֪ҪȾͬסһԺӡ
ϯʱü


404 Ϊ

꣬ϰ˴ŮϱʱСǣǼϰһסԺ꣬ϰȴ˰ѼŮȥСԺס
һСԺӾͲˡ
̫̫̫̫һһԺӣܽһһҽùϵãһֱסһԺСһĶСһϯһʣСԺӡ
λС㣬ҶλС㣬һһ˶֪ǲͣܰһԺ
ԣĶСԼԺó˵ǺϯһʣҪϯͬסһԺӡ
ޡ˭һѽ
ѾѾģϣûȾ˾˵һ仰
ȾĿǽһʣ
ϯüͷ΢šƼ֪ϲȾסһԺӣ֮ǰүԸĻ͵С㣬ϲĶСһͬסūȥϰˣϰ°ŸԺСסСίԸ
ˣôסɡ
СԺӲƼȥϰˣҲϰΪѡ
ǿˣ˼Ϊѡ
ϯָϴӣԸƼȥȣȻϰȥ
С㣬ǱߣҪҪͼƼſʵ
á
˽մһ϶ÿ˷ּȻˣĽգͲȥĽ档
ƼŽգţͼȾѾǣŴСԺӡ
쿴Ƽϴ׽֮⣬Ƽ㣬ԺסһԺӣʲôҪæģɱǿ
šƼӦǷǷȾһȻſӾҪߣ캰סʵƼ㣬һҼСķļ䣿
ҼСס˶ҺȾסڶ᷿ʣµ᷿ⰲš
СԺһ᷿ϯס˶мǻʣһ
᷿䣬ƼȾһһ䣬ֻһ䡣
쿴һ᷿ΪˣƼ㣬ֻһ᷿
СԸȥһˣʱ䲻ˣٲȥϨˡƼҴҴȻȾ΢΢ǷæԺӡ
ίС㣬ֻһ᷿ôūס
ȾӣҲһΪѵūˣҪūȥϯСϯСóһ᷿


405 Լ

鷳ˡȾ󷽣Ŵϻ۵˵Ѿ˯ҵĽ̤ϣʣ˯᷿סˡ
ֻǣһίСˡҲԸȥΪϰ˵Ĺͣȴǿĵ
ĸһɽׯģҵĸίˡȾ˵ţ͸ʹһɫ
æӻͳһ죬ϣպ£鷳һ
ū̺ǣǷ֮£˵ʲô鷳鷳СˡҲûƴǣЦǺǵĽˣȻ뿪
ƼʱȾ˸պʰ궫ľ裬ҪȥˮȾϴƼƼ㣬ˣõʲô
ӣңϰҼСԵģſ˳˽ƼһЦ͵
ƤһûƼеҫ㣬ЦһΪǷʳأղ緹ûҼС糿ԵĲ࣬ˡ
ˣһ˾͸͹ˡ
Ƽ˵ţ˶
ϯ￿ٴһŹľϣеĿһμǣƼ߽ӣҰڹԵСϣС㣬ϰӣң㳢
ϯ飬ӣһ߳ԣһߵ˷ɢȥڵĹժӳԣ˳ʳ
С㣬ҪҪԼСһȥȾʵ
ţԼССһȥˡһͬģö£ϯҲίԸ˳۵һȥ档
ūȥСС˵һи׼
ţȥɡ
ССסĶԶûãƼͻˣʱϻһ̷ʳ
ɽׯķˣ嵭Ϊһأʳڱʹ׷ÿ࣬㹻Ա
극ϯʹѾ߳š
ճԺӣʹȾĵãǲȥժӣһȰҺһȥ
ȵĲˣ϶ϯ̬ȱȣֱһٰʮȴת䡣
ϯٲͷЦ֮ǰС˵ۣΪС粻ȥժء
Ъ˻ѾˡȾߵǰ־ҪȵȥϯֱۣҲ֪⣬ǹ⣬ǡϯתܿ֡
ϯԼ˼ССڶſڵȣʱˡ
˵ţˣ˿ûһȾĵ˼


406 ˮ

죬ϯıӰ¶һС㣬ôͿģãĿ۸
죬˵ÿɲˡȾĺǳСպϯ
ϯȴͷҲأԼģʲôҲû㡣
Ⱦĵɫʱһ˿
С㣬ū֪۾ģƱ۸˰㡣
ܿ죬һȺ˵˶ſڡ
뼾넼öѵˣվڶſԵĺ£˵Ȼ졣
ϯЦӵԼҸ˵Ķ˴뷹ء
ΪɽׯĲĺóԣԶˣϯĽҴĻ
ҲЦ˵ɽׯһ³һֺòˣٷԺܾˣԸԳһСľͳԶˣ㣬ȥʳȥժӰɣ
ϯﵹν򼾼ҽãأҪҪȥʳ
һȥɡ
ȾԵĲ࣬ȥй䣬ɴҶȥʳһ˲ȥҲãֻһȥ
ɽׯΣΧһжϤҶͬˣż˳ɽׯſȥﲻԶһϪϪһֱߣܿһСٲɫܺÿõĻܿСӺҰȥٲˮ
һߣһ²ĸߴҡ
넼ҪǲȥժˣȥٲϴһϴΣ
һҶȵĳһϴϴ죬Ҳˬ
鲻ֻǡﰲȫ𣿡ȾЩлᴳȥʱ򣬱˿ˣǼ׿ɾͶˡ
넵߶ж͵£û˻ȥʣѾžУǺͱҲûȥǱԡû¡
ԣҶͬȥֻϯһ˳ĬϻЩܵɫ
ǰҲȥٲԡϷˮֻǡˮͻȻγһߣŵüкϰ
ڰŵģɱߣĸ޶ͨˮߡ
ɼʱҲŵòᡣ
ϲ׽棬ץ֪ˣץƣΨȴ±ﶪĴߡ
ܿ죬˳ɽׯϪȻһֱߣ˲һӣҾ˶˶˵ˮ


407 ּ

ٲ£ѾǶȥţλСһ£Ȼ½
ϯվû֣͵㣬ô·
Ҳϴˣڰ߰ţȥϴɡϯ˵ţ˶٣ѵϪˮȥСЩߺͳʲôġ
ɫ˱䣬ŻǣǰϴܶΣҲû߰
ȾҲã㲻ˮŻǣǲҲȥϴ
ǰϯ㰲ʲôģ
ŭʡ
ϯһƬѣ˼һǲģǽһҲһѣǲԸ͵ûɣҿҲˣϴȥǱ߹һ䡣
㡭·ϯҪߣϯһߣȵңҲϴˣһȥ䡣
·ˣͷɢˡ
⡭
ϴɣһȥһ䡣ϯһȥϤĵطš
ﻹԥ䣬ϯѾƼȾһûӰˡ
ϯֱȥ˹֣Ӷ£һƲӲӵСӶʮϲˡ
ϯЦȥժ
˵ţ˫һ㣬֦ȻӰһֻʵ㣬֦·裬ӶҲ䡣
ƼȾϴͽֽסÿһӶ
Զ̨ϣ۾ŲԶǸ羫Св֪ĺһĨЦ⡣
ͻȻչһ㣬̨·ȥֱ֡
СѾͷժȥʮӶҪժˡϯһѾסҪȥժӶ֡
ϯȻô㡭Ҳĵģ
˵أ
û
ɽׯҵģɣô¶һóı飿
СѾͷôòͲ
ϯҲ֪Լһ⡣
ɫɬȻ˳Լ֣ժӶȥǱժӣҡ
֣תϵһ£ѾͷժˣԲˣӶÿ˻˸
߰ɣȥժӣҡ
˵ţûϯﷴӦһ§ڹм䣬գ۾ͣһӣ¡
ӣС֦ȴһӲӵСӣңϯˮ


408 Ļ

ϯ׼ժһʱͻȻٲǱߣһŮ˵ļк
ϯɫ΢΢һ䣬Ⱦȥȴקסˡ
鵭磬ƼȾˣԸǶ˹ȥ
ǣү
ƼȾ±𣬾ͳٲȥˡ
ʱֻϯͳˡ
ϯＸˣүＸ˿϶Σˣȥ
û£㲻ùܣ£ժЩӣȥҰԣҰϲԡ
ɽׯΧûޣǼεεС˴£ƼȾȥܽþûСѾͷˣСѾͷһ
ϴ°ϯ蹵ˣϢˡ
ϯժӣҵһ٣Ŀʱ˭
̷ˡ
ôǳ֪ô
ϯɫ˱䡣
̷˺ͳ֪޶֪֪꣬ãγ̶ү£ǳ̷Զ죬ԭ̶үϯᰣȴǮǽϳŵСϯ϶̶ү֪˳̷ˣ뽫̶̰ܿүңԴ̶ү
̰ܿǳ̷˵ͷ⣬ôܸԼıŮӵУΪֺó֪֪֪ϲϯ蹣̷˾͸ҽˣǧټȥ°ϯ蹣ֻû뵽û°ҽȴȫˡ
ǰӣһһֱڼӳԶ޷ʲôΪ²ǳ̼˶֣Ҫʱһȴ̷ֳ˸ڷɸ봫š
ӳ˳̼ңһͰŽˡ
ȴһŰ
͵£ſ֣ǳ̷˸֪ңȫʧ¡
̷Ҽͨ󣬾ǶһĵճŮ
в鵽˳̷˵ң붼̷֪˾ȻǾǶŮ
Ѿͷô𣿡ʵ
Ȼ̼ںݳȨƴ˸ҺһԤУѾͷһ̼֡
ѾͷĵӣɲһĴ
ϯﴹסеĺ⣬ۻۡ

ɳʵס
ϯһۣתժӣңû
ô
̷˲ϲ°ôҲһ°ߵζ
ţ°ߺ󣬾ͽ͸˭ҵϹϱˡ
ϯ̣¶һѪ̵Ц


409 ɢ

үˡ
ʱȾ
λСϪϷˮĺúõģһˮͻȻpĶСϣŵȾ̱ˮﺰûλСҲŵôʧɫæϰﻹ˵ȥȾġ
ϲˮС㣬ɼˮߺϲеıȾ󣬺ƼȾȥļʱһһͶ˴ˮ˳Խͻɽׯ
ժӵ£ＸĶ飬ֱӶɽׯ
ϯժ˰ӶӣңͱƼȾûɽׯ򱻳ȥһСԺ
⴦Ժڹ棬һСԺӣϰ˵ıɽׯŲԶ̫꣬ү棬סⶰԺͷϰ˾סҵıɽׯ˲Ż
үʲô
˻԰һͤˣϯɨΧһȦȴԺһ˶ûУտյģģʵ
ҳԷָָľʣʾ£ֵ⼸գһסǵÿҳ
ϯһΣ˵һ˳ԷûζĵĻ
ϯ£ʱһεҺĶСסһԺܣûվ͸ñ˼ҷˣʱҾǳһ죬ҲͲ¡
ԣüͷ΢˲࣬СԺô᲻
ǹģҶϰͻȻСҲŵСԺסСԺӾͲˡ
˵ȾĶǿˣСԺӲǳҲ˼һԺסҪҲǳҵСסһŶԡ
οȾĲ죬סһ𣬾͸˵ȥˡ
ɫЦˣɽ٣ɽϵūţضˡ
ҵÿֻգŻɽסһ£Ҳˣɽׯūһ굽ͷҲһҪ̺ǵĳԺȣӶţʱ䳤ˣ˾ͱɢˣЩҲͲôš
סһӶѣûϵϯ³ΪȥЩūǣ͸Ͻ̬Ҳڸ˳¡
뵽ƼȾˣϯĺֵˡ
˵ѾҲ˵ġ
ߣû˵ʲôϯĹЩūš
ʱССͯͻȻ֣ϻһ̣żĺϴкõˮ


410 

С˷³ʳſ̣˵ʮ֮ȥ󣬳ſڼϴĹ񣬾Ƕˣ۱ݣóƺ̷һã̷˽ҵʿӦҲͶйأ˵̷˵ĸ׌mʱͱѹ϶谮ʱ϶صѡʮʿmޣmϵİȫ
Ȼ޵ʮʿѾܴˣ°ϯ蹵ʿˣǺmԼģֶֻΣ͹һޡ
ϯһ˿ʵ֮ԻѡݳǶծͶ̷˵ģ
һǳ̷˵׾˾ˣҲǹ游̷ڼʱڶסһʱ䣬磬ҲǹĸףһμѻֻǺҲ֪ΪԱõûɣ̷ҲԼļңm϶˳֪
ⶼѫҵ£Ҫһγ̷¶ţбһҲȥ̷˵ңҲ֪˹Ҳ¡
ϯ̷˺̨⣬жҪ֣һסҪβʰϽ˿ȻϯҶҪȥ
İɣҲɵΪ˱𣬰˶ȥȻҪԸ̷ˣ蹱Ȼúüƻһ˲Լ֡
֮󣬶û̷ˣ˵ɽׯķ羰ûԼϯȥϪ㣬ϯܾţһƻƮϯʶľ͵ͷ
ʶԼӦ˺ϯ޲ҧԼͷͰ͵ʳ룬үܷܲڣ
ܡ
֣Сͷ
СʱˣԷʱûθڣ˴ˣӲ꣬ﻹݵûж⣬ҪѧСгԷ
үҳһġ
һ붼ð˵ķˣҪô
극󣬶ȥȦʳȻƼȾ˾ͳˣϯɽׯ
ϯսԺţͼվ£ݺݵһϯȻתݡ
ϯﱻɵĪҲûһūżƽϡ
ƼС磬ĶС춼ŵĲᣬĶСˣڶûţûԡ
ŵˣûԣ
ϯʱ¶ԹޣЩ⡣


411 밲

һʼҲûȾĽύʲôҲ⣬ֻҪС
ϲ鷳Ҳ鷳
һ磬컹ʱϯˣϴ׵󣬾ѾߣȥԺϰ밲
ϯﵽʱ򣬼ҽúҲյ磬ϰ˲ûϴãǼͱȥƫȺ
Ƭ̺ϯͼ̫̫ųܽͳˡ
ܽ۵ӣƳϯһۣȻת΢Цźͼҽôк㣬㣬Ŀ磬Һãаһ밲û뵽û硣
ҲǸЦ
Ц˵ڼҸҰ밲Ҫǰȥһյ蹤Ѿϰʱˡ
ܽ˳ǣټ¡
ߣյ£˵Ѿ˵磬˺ͰȥϪϷˮˮߣǲİ
Ȼģˮ˵ֱһ֣ˣһ룬˫ȻءＤĵȻһ£ˮ߻ĶСϣŵĶС㵱ʱ̱ˮûˮƼȾ졣
˵ţϯʵ㣬ƼȾ˵ڹժʱ˽ţôŻô
ʲôʱ˽ˣ
ϯﲻɫĿһƼƼ۾գһ£ϯʱˡ
磬ȾͶ˼ɽ֣ϰˣϰˣϰΪһȥ̽ȾģȾסһԺӣȴûȥУԵ̫飬ˣƼ˵ڹ˽ţǡȾͶ˺ǣ˲Լ˽ţͷԸƼȾȥȾͶˡ
ɣ˵ùȥһһ
ϯʱұҩĨҩ࣬źöˣѾˡ
ǾͺãǾͺã磬ĿƼȾȥĿ죬ȻĶСͶ˾ҪϪﲻɣ㣬㶼֪ʱˣôһȦĶСϣһԴȴػţҿŶˣҲĿ󷽣Ըû˵ϣȴѾȥˣ㣬á
Ǻǡ
ϯǺȴȾͶˣ߽


412 л

Ⱦĸߵſڣ˵Ļɫ΢΢˱䣬Ŀ޵ɨϯһۣȻ߽һĵձŵĺˣ²Ҳû˵ȥϯõһл
˵ţͰϴһֻߣϯҲûʲôöֻȥʱҴɩ͵ģϯÿɱ
ĶСĴɩǳҴ̳࣬Ҳǳ׵İ㡣
͸ȾĵĽӣϯˣպٴ࿴ô˵
Юͼ
ڳ˺ϰˣֻô
ӣл񣬶кޡ
ɽϯɲҪ
ϯӣȾУƼȾȥ㣬֮飬οƼȾǳҵѾߣǳҵĿˣ£Ǿ㣬ӦģĶС㲻лңϣҿûһֹ͡
һ˵Ⱦһ٣֣Ҳɫ˻ȥЦô˵ûԸƼȾȥңҿ¾ͻᡭ
Ⱦۿ˺죬һ¡
ѽ鶼ȥˣҲˣûҧ㣬ллˣԺȥϪϷˮҶСЩǡ
̫̫Сǣϰ˻ȥ˵
ʱϲ߽΢ЦŴ
˶ʱΨһĳ̫̫ţȥ˸ݡ
ݣ˷׷׸ϰ밲ϰЦǺǵĿ˼λСһ䣬ȻȾģɫЩ԰ף岻ôϢȥúϢգ⼸죬Ͳ밲ˡ
ûˣȿȡ
Ⱦĸҿڣ;ҿ˼䡣
ϰ˶ʱǵܾˣ˷纮ҿһɽȥ纮аӲá
գɽϪˮȺˮˣ²Ϫ
ŮӣҲȥϪϷˮ˺壬պӰ
˵ţϰ˾ͶڳļλС㣬ǲȥϪϷˮ
죬ϰ˲˵ҲȥˣϪĴ̫ˡ
õɫ΢΢ףͬ˵Ժ󶼲ȥˡ
ǽöˣÿ궼ɽׯģÿȥϪϷˮɴûߣǵһΡ
֪ˣԺȥҲȥˡ


413

ȾĲɽòסңлֺϰ˻ģôɽ뿪ϰˡ
Ⱦۿ΢ϰˣɽȣⲡȲãɽ¶ˣһǷԸɽȥɡ
ɲɽɲ㣬ҪˡϰҲǿȾġ
ļҵС㣬ǵһס£Ҳûλÿί
˼ȻԸɽҲǿ
ϰ˼Ⱦĵͷ󣬾͵ɸȥɣ죬һʱһˡ
ϰ鷳ˡ
Ⱦϣ֮ɫ
ϰ˵£ˣգίˡ˵ţһۡ
æݣһ̹ϰ˾ָϵΣǸѹģҲʲôضһӣʱģúš
һ԰װ׵ӣӨ͸죬ϵȺرãڳˣĶˡ
̫̫ɫʱһ£ָֻܿޱӡ
죬ĵ̣ƫģҳҪ˺üΣ㶼᲻øңȴĽ㣬ߡ
˵ţ˺ߣԼĲ⡣
ϰ˾͹ЦҾ֪ѾͷһŹڶĻᣬ׼ˣ裬ѶóλСһһݣ˭С
ϰ˵Ļ䣬Ͷһ̣߳
ϣ֧ӣֻӣ
ϰЦΪǱµͰĶǵһɽģΣмҲû֧ӣһѡһ֧ͣɴǡ
¼λС㲻˼Ҫϰ˻ڳ˳ɣϯＸ˾ͲҾܾ׷ǰһ֧ӡ
ҽãһ˵һΡ
ҽãһ˵һֻӡ
ӣ׽ϣЦǺǵĵл̣Ůϲֻӡ
뵽ΪԼһ仰ȴðһͳȥôΣʱ޺޵ɨһϯˡ
ˣϲ
ÿңϲ˵Ū²̨
ϯһССҵСvˣƾʲô̵Ļϲϴڰ£ôöȥ
գֵһ֧ӣߡҪʱﾯҪ磬ҪСv˺ÿ


414 Լ

ϰ˲֪룬ﶼ͵Ск󣬳ϰ˾˽ȾͻԺӣķ纮ٴȾλС㡣
Ⱦߺ󣬶̫̫˽ڣųҽˡ
ʣ¼ҽúϯˣϰһ緹
緹ϯͽڻס·ȥ֮ԼɸճԺӣ
õЦ㣬ҪȥһȥòãҲȥժӡ
ûȥ֣ﶼźһϡ
磬극·˳ϯȥժӡ
ϯһ£ЩΪѵҲȥ֣Ҫȥһˡ
һʧȥʲôܴ𣿡
Ȼܡ
ܱ֪ʵȥ˽롣
ҪһȥժӣϯһǸ
죬ȻðɣȥҼȥ档
ϯﲢ죬Ҳ˼ϯﲻţֻȻȥ˼ҽõԺӡ
ˣϯѾߣƫƧС·ߣûã˾͵Ϫ
ֹߣû˸ˣ⵹Ƿϯͳ㡣
ˣϪԱߵһʯͷϣСӺСͯˣվϪߣһһͣĵȴϹ
ϯЦЦĿ룬ү˵ĵ㣿
һԿţ˶֣ʲô㰡
뱻ˣȴһҲƲƲ죬˵ǵͣȥģССͯǴҶǡ
ȻСҪҪһ׵ͣ
á
Ȼ룬СӺСͯϪߺ࣬ҲͲˡ
߽ϯſʯϣһײߣһˮ⣬һӣȻһϴɾĸˮ
ʯԣһװֻϴĸɸɾҰ
ϯȻ緹
šֵ磬㳢ĿͿ
ūȥ𡣡Ƽƨƨߵĵ
ȾҲūȥĢһĢ
Ģ俾㿾˼ζ
رүĿͿ㣬ζǲŽһء
գ۾Ѿ߾ˡ
ϯѧų룬ʯıϣǵŲֱߣһྐྵӣһ߸˵˽ϵ¡


415 

ίͰ͵ıԹƼȾȾģͶ˿ҵȴź⣬ĪûǣֲϪϷˮԼƤҪһ棬ˣȴֵͷˣĪ
üСѾͷϣΪһС¾ͺһ˵̫ˣα
ƨ˾ͳɡ
Ⱦأϰ˵ɽȴԸɽү˵ȾĲɽɽȣϯﶢϿʲô
ϧ˰죬ı飬ʼһƵӡ
Ⱦģǳҵһλ˶ѣϰֻҪķݣ˲⣬ϰҲܱȶԷԷʲôĿĲɽֻҪԷڳҵ£ҲͲðˡ
һϯҴլ顣
ЦЦĶС˵ϯҴ̫̫ΪֺεϯСؼҵɵӣҲȻȥŪϯһ飬ϯС㾻뿪ϯҡ
ĸŮˣֻǣСѾͷϯСˣϯҾǷؼһϱ˵ҪٸؼŪһϱأ
ϯԣ΢΢üƬ̺˫۶ȻĿүǲǵõʲôϢ
СѾͷ
̧֣СѾͷķ˿賿յ˳ŴϢ磬ؼʮ̧ƸȥϯҴ󷿣⻹ǧƸϵУȴİֽؼҡ
ʱҪȺϰ֣ٻȻƸ
ؼҺϯؼȴУƸٺϰ֣󻻸
ȻϯĸϵϣϵϯʱϺ϶ڼңǶǵϯʱʱ
ϯϱˣϯҵС㣬ϯϯֶ£ûףҲ᲻ԼŮ޸һɵӣԣϾ͵͵ıϯҶˣϯİָؼҡ
磬ؼҾͽϯɵİֺ˳Ȼϳһ֮ϡ
ֺˣôϯĻЦ󷿺Ͷѷּңҵ£ֲһ
ȻϯҴ󷿻һϣỊ̇ǳСѾͷֻҪ鷳ˡ


416

磬ϯȥ棬ϯʶ˸ֹѪֹʹĲҩ
ϯ۾ѧ
ȵ˴ʱϯﱳŵĿ𶼿װҩݡ
СѾͷ磬Ҵȥ¶Ͽܿݳǣɽׯ̨ȫ
ֿʱͳϯ
ϯѹûܾĻᣬ˵꣬˾ˡ
ϯٻؿԺʱͼɽׯĹ裬վԺſڣڵˣϯ磬ϯȥ棬ϯʶ˸ֹѪֹʹĲҩ
ϯ۾ѧ
Сʱ󻻻
ȵ˴ʱϯﱳŵĿ𶼿װҩݡ
СѾͷ磬Ҵȥ¶Ͽܿݳǣɽׯ̨ȫ
ֿʱͳϯ
ϯѹûܾĻᣬ˵꣬˾ˡ
ϯٻؿԺʱͼɽׯĹ裬վԺſڣڵˣϯ磬ϯȥ棬ϯʶ˸ֹѪֹʹĲҩ
ϯ۾ѧϯ۾ѧ
ȵ˴ʱϯﱳŵĿ𶼿װҩݡ
СѾͷ磬Ҵȥ¶Ͽܿݳǣɽׯ̨ȫ磬ϯȥ棬ϯʶ˸ֹѪֹʹĲҩ
ϯ۾ѧ
ȵ˴ʱϯﱳŵĿ𶼿װҩݡ
СѾͷ磬Ҵȥ¶Ͽܿݳǣɽׯ̨ȫ
ֿʱͳϯ
ϯѹûܾĻᣬ˵꣬˾ˡ
ϯٻؿԺʱͼɽׯĹ裬վԺſڣڵˣϯ
ȵ˴ʱϯﱳŵĿ𶼿װҩݡ
СѾͷ磬Ҵȥ¶Ͽܿݳǣɽׯ̨ȫ磬ϯȥ棬ϯʶ˸ֹѪֹʹĲҩ
ϯ۾ѧ
ȵ˴ʱϯﱳŵĿ𶼿װҩݡ
СѾͷ磬Ҵȥ¶Ͽܿݳǣɽׯ̨ȫ
ֿʱͳϯ
ϯѹûܾĻᣬ˵꣬˾ˡ
ϯٻؿԺʱͼɽׯĹ裬վԺſڣڵˣϯ
ֿʱͳϯ
ϯѹûܾĻᣬ˵꣬˾ˡ
ϯٻؿԺʱͼɽׯĹ裬վԺſڣڵˣϯ


417

Ů£ԹǸĸ֮ý֮ԡ
Ȼϯװ̣ȴϯĵհ̣Ҫϯﶨһ£ϯͬҲܲͬ⡣
ͬ⣬档
㣬ϯͬϵԴϣһТӲТϱñӡ
治Тֵ֮ϣҪʮӡ
ϯͬӹǣ˵ʮӣʮֻ¶ܲס
ϯɫ˰ףҧҾ֪ϲ׶˺ؼҵû뵽ϻôĺҪȻҵ⡣
ߣңÿԸⲻԸ⡣ϯ˵ţеվɽȥҵİ͵͵Ůġ
Ҫ֪ϰֵϲĵճŮϯʱ᲻ˡ
һ֣ԭλ̧ᵯ˵ԴЦѾͷĿҵ˱ƣ
үʲôϯʱˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
һһƯĽëģڲųģóֶˣ̲סСѾͷͷࡣ
ϯʱ˵ҵͷҵķٶˡ
ˣΪ١
ϯ˫նʱ죬˫յĵ˵˵㲻˵ɽȥʳš
СѾͷˣҪ˿֣˵ؼҵİôҷԸŻһţϯҴСģҴСġ
飿ϯﾪ㵣㻻İ֣֪ˣøƴ
ʱϯˣĿģҪϯҷĿɳ
ϵңҵĵϯˣϯİָؼң֪ϯķŭ֪
ϯ̣һӺ˳պϯҵӿ֪
ϯʱˣԳĴָүһ֣ͽٲ֮ء
СѾͷĿޣãûֵͶֵӺȥô
Ҫβͣһ˵̵ȥ
磬ϯûɽׯͳСӼˣϪͿԣһĢС
СȾƼСԺȡ
ССͯ˵һ㣬һصģһ˳һ˳һ


418 ϯ

ʵ費첻ļһūţôҲǳҵĹ£ȥļһūŵɫ
ֻǣȾǴ̵СӣôҲÿڴ̵ķϣȾͿһЩ
ˣҼСҲС֮ˣ衣Ҳ裬ϾǻҪڱɽׯסһ£裬ǿûô
ϯͺܿʰ˶æԸɽׯѾһãȻϯˣȥ
ԺӣϧһװҲ࣬ٺ԰󿿳סĹ̨Ҳ·Сʱܵ
ƼȾ¶æһʰ°һʰϯﲻ˼ʰɫˣСѾ߻ȥˡ
ʱϣϯСˣǳҸϯС񡣡
Ȼǳڰаŵġ
ϯһ˲٣ˣҪСﶪⲻСӹһˣԸպÿٸϯˣÿ糿Ҫϰһһࡣ
ϳԷʱϹԵ±ţöˣϯƽն˰뷹
һ磬ϯȥԺϰ밲
һ硣
ϯ̲סȰȵ˵㣬ʲôʱģȥϧˣ㻹ûء
ģ£
ƫһˣϯ¡
ƼȾѾߣԺš
С磬ճ극ͷһ˲õĴ¡
ģ۾˼ۣûͼ磬ҳԵĶˣȥ԰ʳ˭֪·ʱȻ˳ҶλСڳܡ
ǲġıŤһ£⻰ϯɲţͳһǺصĹȻҲõĸһƵġ
ĵᵽ֣źȥĴ棬أ˵Ϊˣÿĵ
λСϯĻˣ˵ϯĳǸ仧˵ϯǺӣȻϰ˸ˡ
˵ϯﹳ˳үүѾ߶͸ϯʹ
ϯö࡭ֻǣЩ̫ٲ£Ҳԭհĸϯ


419 ͵

ϯˣһ֮⣬£ҲΣ֪ϰ˻óλСóҾ͸þܾģֻհŻʱ򣬳λСѾ
ߣôܹ㣬Ҳ֪飬ҿģǳݺͳǷʰˣߣҲһ룬ɽׯϰ˵ޣֲǳҵĲҵϰɽׯģǿͬǳ˵ϣǵãȻɽׯ˳ҲҵԼȻˡ
һһʮλС㣬λȫǵŮλλλС㣬һλǵճݣһλš
ʮλСУλͻʮС⣬ֻϲͳһλС㣬ǿ˳ۡ
رǶĳݣǶĵճŮ󣬱ʮֿãѹãǼŮ˵ģҲΨһһֺóݵˡ
ݿϯƿڴϯΪֺõս㣬Ҳһ磬ûϯ
ڴҪ
Ҫǲ뱻ݳ֪͵ȥúøݳŶһ
˼ҰԴúõأûǣûǣƾʲôϯ㣿
ˣһȥϧ׼״˭֪ȥ˺üˣϯﶼû
ʱﱻҽȥ˺԰ԣҲ£ټʱɫѾˣϯѾ˯ˡ
´ϯˣȰȵģ˵˳ݳŶһѻ
ϯ㣬Ժ󿴵ݳŶˣ·ߣe棬û˼ҡ
ϯ˶ϻԿ
ϯҪͷһ̧ͷͼܽˡ
û̫̫
ݾͿϯԭЦŵʱ˽ȻһȥһкҲãû뵽㵹һģôͽҰ̣ǲֺҰ̣뵱Ұ̵ϱ
˵˵˭Ҫҵϱˡһͨ죬ҲǺǵģʱʹϲȣһûʺҵүأֻϧ̫̫С㣬ҪǸүҶ㣬ϵҲá


420 ˵ĵ

㡭ŭָػүôɵӣ粻ء
үǸɵӡ
ү֮Իɵϯָͬײġ
￴ֿϯ䳰ȷ˵֮Իɵϯ˵Ĺأû뵽ȴԳôãԿ
ʱӲ
һϯȻԳ˺ߣƲ䣬ݳ˭֪󲮼֮жԹ֪ʲôе˵ĵ˾ô֮ԻͰҪãȻΪ֮йͬĵ˿㣬˵Ҳǣ
ϯʵ
ϯλش
˵ǣֻСӵͻ޺ɡ
˭ǣʹ֮䣬˵Ǽڽ֮Ҫ˵ǳˣЩС
ȻǰӣϯҴ󷿺ͶֵףɨѴ˴һЩС£˵ĵز
ȻǰѪ֮Ļ
㣬ô˵ѽ˰죬ҲȲϯĻӦﲻ˵졣
Цˣ˼ǲأ˼ҺϯҴ󷿵˺أ˵ĶһЩŶѣ㻹浱ˣŪеζôòãǺǣ涪ҵ
һǵͨϡ
ϯϯҶʹһֱϣ˶֪ûҪֻǣϯҵ飬ҲҪõ˵졣
ãԼһΣͻȻˡ
ʱоĵҾ˵ϯҴ󷿵˲ϣϯҴүҵĳˣϯҶүǣ磬Ҽأ˵ҺϯҶҲǽá
ϯ˺ڵ飬ɫ࣬ţ˵ʲôܽһѣܽ˵䣬ô˵ϯС㶼ǵĿˣҪǡ
ƲƲ죬һмҲ˵ʲôˡ
Ⱦû
ҶС㣬ȥԼҵϰ밲Ժ
СҲûٵͼ넸ϰǱߵӣ͹뼸λС㶼ȥ
ҷԸǵ緹͵ԺһǼѾͷӳԷȼ밲ˣϰ˾ͻϲ˵


421 

˵꣬ϰ˾ͿϯɫĹĵôգɻĹߣ
Ĺߣ˿ɿڣ羰ҲҾһжáϯ˼˵ųȥˡ
΢΢Щ̣оԼϰ˺ͳ棬Щϰ˶ĺá
ϰΪӱҲû⣬˵ǿԺ£ʱ͸ĲܵļҶѾͷҲϤôסһԺ಻ڣסô
סĺܺã϶ˡ
һС£û뵽ϰ˾Ȼⲻǣϯжˡ
ϰֱ˵ԺʲôҪֱӸ˵øҿ
ǡ
ϯæӦһǡ
ϰĿתͼＸˣҲһʲô£ֱӸ˵߸߳趼УǼСѾͷһɽĽƶίˣסĲڣҲӦ
Լװֻ̣ŹϯȴҲûһۣϲˣ̣ǿɲĳˣô飬סĺأɽϿɱȳ⼸ȣﶼһ¯ˣɽϿĽ
ﻰ⣬ڼϯ
ϰģɫʱÿˣѵŮ䣬ȵ۽飬ڳļλС㣬˭ҲȲ㣬˭֪һ컻ЬӶҪ鰡·һĻŶˣԷҲ飬һҲԣȣҲԣҲȣţӺͼӸҲһ£Ϸһ̣ҲԲ·ȥô飬ڳС㣬˭ȵùѽ
ǳҴֶ̫̫Ů̫̫ԸûŮ۲ֳĹŮסҲˣڳҺϤԳܽҲϤһЩСúСëҲ֪һ
ﵱڴǽһ񣬶޲óȥ
ﻹ죬ʲô˵ûҿʵʵ˵һٻҲûϽȥ
ģʲô£Ҫ£ڣƲסŭ
˺ߣһ⣬ǰ£ֹʲô£ƾʲôҰ㣬û㣬μҰʲô˼ѵ㲻ӭɽׯģ


422 

ɲ³Ӵĺܣʲô˵ʲô
ңǹϰǰһ״˭óǿϯﲻ˳ء
һ˿ţæôᣬϯСǰ̵ĹͣһӭҿɲûԹ
˵ţ͵һϯϯô˻ᣬǰݺݸһ״
ϯҲ밡ϰ˺ݺѵһ٣ǣϰ˶ôãôϰΪء
һǶӵľˣһǵŮмϰˣһùġ
ϯ룬ﲻ˵˶ѣҲǹ˵ģǾͲҪȥƽˡ
˵ţһ
ʮֲϯεбһϰˣʱˡ
俴ܽ˳ۣɶϰ˻Ǻ𾴵ġ
ϰ˺һܺãϰѹҲϰΪѡ
ԴһϴӣҵĴ˾ͰţǼ⣬ڼҰ̺ͰﶼѵҺܶΣǣһǸĲˣϰˣ˵ʵɲЦҡ
ѾͷǸõģЦʲôϰ˻˼ʮ꣬￴˼ٸŲ̊ء
ϰ˶Ů˵ʧǼٵġ
ŮҪǿֻô󣬻ǳӣպȥ˼ˣҪôӴ
ϰΪŮżɳأȴΪһĳװۣһơ
ҧгݣȴͷȥһʶϰ˼мˡ
ϰ˼ΪҲˣֱ˰ѳ緹ȥԸԺӡ
ۿʱˣ̣Ҳ緹
㰢ղȥ㰢԰ɣоﰢＸžСϰ˰ԥİѴŮˡ
ܽȴ
극ܽŶ̫̫͸ˡ
뼾ҽԼȥɽ棬ϯ㣬ȥȥ˵ɽвٵҰҰȥץųԣԿģ͹ҰŻգóԣˣˣȻǻȥժƬҶȥ
仰Ƕżҽ˵ġ
ЦѾȥ׼ˣеϰҲˣûеϿɲóԡ


423 

ûҪζġ֡
ǵûдҪѾȥȡۣʱԼԵϣҿɲԡ
һСҳѾûۡ
æԸһСѾȥãȻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀϯ㣬Ҳһȥɣ
ðɡ
һԼȥһ˶飬ڶܾĺ⣬죬پܾ
Ӧˣǽһˡ
ʱﻹϰ˵ʱҸϴһֻлҼǵҲء
ãϣɾ͵ǵĽлԡϰЦǺǵĿǳš
ͼҽöǱɽׯĳͣһʮϤ֪кóԵҰӣɽȪˮĶҰҰࡣ
ϯﾪȵǣߵѾߣȻôԣվɽ塣
ǿյģһͷȻֻ׳Ұá
վϣͷֻҰƺھŵҴܣϲ죬÷ȥˡ
÷ΨһһһЩյˣôԵļɡ
ÿɽׯģϴ÷ͶԿҰҰӴΣǽһĲֺء
÷ЦӦС㣬ܲˡ
ô˵÷һԾ£˾ȻѸץסֻҰãӽֻҰõĽŰһĺɣš
ĺɣһѾߡ
ͼĺɲŵڣȻһ֣ͽסӣ䣬óǾµġ
ٺһЦϯҼҵһׯӾɽ£ÿ˶⣬ҶҪׯסأÿ˾ɽҰܣɽϵҰҿûٳԡ
ﰮ鰮棬ҲҲ͸ϤɽܣͲҽ
˵ɽϻܣߣȺȻûۼҹʱżǺ
ۣ÷ʵĴӣ÷磬ǿԱһˡ넿Ĵ÷ĽĿ޵
÷һЦǫץֻҰζѣЩֱָȣū澿ɲԶˡ
޲֮Сǣ÷ˡ


424 1

÷ֻҰãȥһˮĵطϪˮԻһСʯ飬÷˵С㣬ǿʳʯ黹ڣòŵȥʯˡ
ʹ÷һɽֿҰζʱΪ̫󣬰ѿҰζľնˣۿҪҰζҲˣǰװ׷ѾһģȴһڿⶼûԵһ١
֮ɽɽ±ʯϪߴһ׿ܡ
ΪܳԵζĿҰζﻹصȥ̣ʮ߰볤Сָһֵһͷľͷ֣һͷǷļͷҰζ棬ʯͷϿҲնϵͷҲ֡
÷ͱ
÷ȥǴʯֵˣ͵С㣬ūȴÿ̨ҰãȥֻҰ
ֻҰãɲô˳ԡ
̨ĺȥҰãⶼˣǶٲҪˡ
绹һʱ
÷ĬĬѵĻȥȻֻӣĺȥϪߡ
ЦǺǵĶϯͼ넼˵㣬넽㣬㣬̨ɣҸǣôȥʹ
Ȼ־죬Ƶ˵ţҲ֪˭ÿζǴõĿ̨ŪˣÿҪ´һΡ
ܿ˿ɽϵ˲٣⸽вٵׯӣģ棬ҲвٵԻɽԣǿﻹвңͦʵģӦþ⼸µģ˵ﾭ
ʯԣɲһѿͦʵĲô
￴һۣܶˣҲûˡ
̨֣ϯＸ˻û֣һ˾ʹˣһ״
ú󣬴÷ĺҲֻӡ
ӹӣӱͳһϣȻֽĿʼҰá
Ķϯ֪Сɽûٸ¡
ƺӺСһ̿ɾĺҶϣȻϯＸ˷ܵ㣬ǼȥժҰҰӰɣŶˣ֪ﲻԶһɽȣΪ⣬ʺĢÿȥĢÿζûٲɡ
ڣֻҰζһĢȣ϶ζˡ


425 2

ףôûĢˣÿ᳤ҰĢġ
ϯＸˣȥ˵СɽȺ󣬼˺ü飬ȴһĢӰӶû
죬Ƶĵģÿɽ֣Ģȣҵ֮أǣأôûĢأѵط˷ˣĢ˲ȥ
ûо˰ɣҲһҪĢ˺üȦˣҲûһĢӰӣ넶ˣ߲ˣԸȥ
ﻹģҪȥôУҽҰζĢġ
У߲ˡ
˫ǦƵģرء
޲ڵϣݺЪ
ɵǧ㣬ۣҲض
ϯҲûϣ´Ⱦǣ·ݣɽĢ϶ܶ࣬ʱԼһɽĢԡ
ѽĢܿųԣһôͿҰζһô
ţࡣ
ϯͳԹĢ
֣ƼȾǴĶɵĢ
ѵǡ
ϯ￴ȾֻȾ۹۱Ǳǹģɮ㵭磬ƼһЦǺǵģоʱƼһЦ
ϯ￴͸ѾߣҲ֪յĢǲɵģǲǣϯ֪Сɽȿ϶ûĢˡ
ϯ넣ˣǸûȥˡ
ţ߰ɣ߰ɣԺˡЪ˼Ģ˼ͷˣСɽȡ
һȺ˻صϪʱ÷ĺɶѾڿҰζ̨ϣһֻҰãһֻҰһϣȻһֻӤֱһֵߡ
ҽüߣɫˡ
ǾȻ߳ԡ넼һȻ뿾̨Զҿ
æ˵넽㣬㲻Ҫ£߻ʱˣ˺һҲˣ⻹رóԣҰҰ⻹Ҫóأһ϶ᰮԡ
Űء
Ӧһ䣬˻ǲ̨߽
Ϊˣ÷ҪٴһСĿ̨⿾ߣ
ǣС㡣
÷ӦţԱ߻ʯͷһߴһС̨ߣȥһԿŸҹ


426 3

ħһֱֱĶҲҳԿߣ
넽㣬ǲǲҳѽﷴ
넣ҲǶ
ŶˣҪԣԸӡ
һϧ˵ĺܺóԣ넽㣬ζ϶ô˵ġ
ҲԡҲԡ
ŶǾ̫ϧˣҿԶЩٺһЦͱȥС̨ǱߣĿⶢſϵ⡣
넿ģǺݺݳ˼¡
ҲǼţû¶ĵı顣
ֻϯһ𶼳ˣβ͡
ʱҽùĿͶ
һЦȻﶼ˵˿óԣҲǰװױ˾һô
ϲԣ԰ɣȥǱ߳ԣҿĲƲƲ죬
ϯһ֪넵СߣȻҲ
ۣܿͿˡ
󺰵㣬ԣˡ
˵ţȥ˺ԣһ̵ֱһţóԣ̫óˣ÷ȥץһ߻һҪԿ⡣
ôһԻӣ÷ϰˡ
ūȥץǱ߻кüôߡ
ȣ߶ܳ͸ղȥʱôߣС߸ֻ࣬Сû⣬û߿źóԡ
ȥ
һ߽ζĳţһߵ
ϯҲһƼƼܵæ÷׷˹ȥ÷Һһȥ
С㣬ūҲȥȾ
ϯһ¼ҽúǵѾŴ󿾼̨ԼȥС̨һ𣬷ʳһߡ
ϯԵýζʱͼԶͻȻˡ
һʶˡ
Զŵζû뵽ԭϯС￾Ұζԡ˼ϯʱ۾ˣæ߹ϯԡ
ϯʱߵһ£Ҳû뵽ɽֳҰζҲү
˵Ե֡
Ƥ
Źһλүϯһ磬ʶС㣿㲻һô
ңŮˣȻǵĴڡ˵ţָָϯܵλϯС㣬λұ̰룬λұܣ̰־


427 4

ϯ̰־ɫ΢΢˱䣬ݳϯļֻһѵϯСҲǹԴϯҵˣ
ǱңҰǵʤϯҵĶүϯҴѾּҺüˣҲǹԴϯҴ巿֧ԼңϯﵹҲûš
ţҲס
û´Ļǰλİүǳ֪Ķӣ̼ҵĴү̰Ͷү̰־
̰־ϯ϶ף÷
ţ̰־Ҳһ˵
ȻҲϯʱһ˿ɫȻ󲻶ɫĴ˺üۡ
ԭϯү顣̰ЦţɫĿһ۳̰־
̰־ЦϯС㣬˵㣬Ҳ֪ңҺϯҴ󷿵Сף˵ϯСĸ粻¡
ϯͬˣ̼Ҿôһ׼ҶŻἱ¡
ڣ뿪ϯң̼ȴԼҪ£ͷϡ
ǡ̫Ҫˡ
²˭ҪҪϯ޹ء
ϯŶһͷԼ⣬ҲûͼλСܸԷʶ
ϾǶδĹС㣬ԷС
˵ԷڼСʱ͸ԶԶܿñ˿ʲôл
λһǲƵ
ϯԶŮӶˣҲˣҲûϯŮӽܸʶ
ϯԵĽζӣˣҳԵɣҲˡ
ҪԣԼץ߿ȥҲôԼԶء
ϯһĲеӣʱ˹㣬ڣæϻʣµСβͶ̽ˡ
ôʲôֲġ
˭֪᲻
ˣҪֲǵһˡ
ϯ︹̣ȴǶˣųԵĿ졣
eһȥ뿴˫̫|ȵ۾ȴĿһյĶŹŭԹĿת
ϯʱһڣæӣסߣ幬үǼδС棬ǼǲҲñܿȥȻ˿á
ɽ˭㿴ˣҲʶǣʲôòϯ뿪


428 5

ϯɫһüдһ˿ŭүܻ᲻ⶼϣͳ̴ү̶үϽܿ
ϯС㣬طֲģƾʲô뿪ȹ񿪿ڣ̰־õ
ϯƳһۣ˵طǵģܸи󵽰ɣȻģطȻʹãô̶үﲻߣ
һƵط˭ϡġ
̰־ȥȴЦЦƳ̰־ĿڣߣвŮ
ٺϯ
ʵ̰־۸ϯＸˣɹͦϯ̰־Ͳ
ӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀһ߿̨ϵҰҰãᣬҶˣҪߣܵιҰɣȻ·û
ҪˣǵĿ⡣
ʳʱùƯôÿˣĹĵĵǼֻҰζԼֵģٷָǳԣǼҪˣУܸǳԣҪԣԼȥҵ̨ʱһ¡
Ŀ⣬ûš
Ѿˡ
ϯϽߵ󿾼̨Ȼͼ넽ãһһõĽģ۾ŹܹǵĿ㡣
ûûĻ㣬ֻϯһֻϴߡ
С㣬ǻˡ
ϯԥУͻȻ÷û˵꣬ڣ÷ͰѺ仰ҭ˻ȥ
÷ܵߣ۾㶵ĿŹˣȴС㣬⼸ôô죬⡭С㣬ǻǸϽ˸߰ɡ
￴˿÷ϵߣʹүǰɣߣҿøǿ⣬ҪԶһЩϾŮǻҪصġ
ߣɼϯɫģƺһȥʱҪĮ룬ûֻС˽˴ߣȻַԸСˣС̨Ųһ֮⡣
Էûˣ£ͺĵĽԷ
ſۿлжĵϣ֪ɷЩң
УҴ˲ٵء
ܲеæʣµĵϣ˹
ˡ


429 6

һֱδĳ̰룬Ķϯüۣʱﻹϯһ䣬ϯС㣬ҼЩ죬ֻһʱ֮벻㣬ɼң
̴үҿҺȷǵһμ档
̰ջ˴ϯ񣬸ڹˣһֱ¡
һ˺һֱͷҳļС㣬һؿڣˣ찡֪УҾͲˡ
ҲҰҰÿҲˣǻǸϽ԰ɡˣ͸Ͻ뿪
СԻտõĿʲõľ˺Եһֻȣﻹ˻˻ĺţ̺̣ˡ
ֻذڶ̵ĶҪˣȴ¡
÷С㣬տãҪһܳԡСÿԿ⣬ôļÿζҪһ̣ȴǲ̣ܽĳļСĸˡ
㰡찡ˮҪˡ
Ҳ̲ס֣˺һ鼦һ˵һ
ϯҲ˺һֻȳԣֻǣԵĽζʱȴо˶תһ֪ʱȻվ
˳ʮֿϣ覴ã覣Ѽҽöˡ
֮ǰԶҼҽһֱͷҿУҲˣҲûĳࡣ
˿̣Աߣҽÿһ
ӡն׺󣬼넵һֱˣδϣˣоҲֻһ͸Ͻȥٿ
򿴴ˣϾǻձɫߵĿڵүҪǶﻹֻȣ㡭һֻȥԺˣҡҿٳһЩûϵġ
ȻԼȣø˹ԡ
ȻĶԼЦһ£ĽӹȣֻǣһֻһӣӸүӲ԰ʳܰװ׳Сʳӣһֻȣ´ࡣ
һʱգӻ񣬿ɹȣѾԶˡ
ʱ֪Ǻá
ѾץģҲѾ߿ģ⡭ӣ°ɡ
ҲŲҪأǰ¡ŲϡҪеİء


430 7

ҪԸһֻȣҲ
ߣ˶θɣƾʲôҪȳԡ
ֻǣǼģٲ⣬Ҳö˵ʲô˵ˣͼ֮϶
ΪһİУֵ
ôͻȻˣ᲻갡ϯͻȻ
Ҳע⵽ˣղŻأôˣã϶꣬ǸϽʰȥ
ɽЩ˽ģճƣͲԶˡ
µӵ˵޾Ϳޡ
ⲻһȺ˸ȥϪϴ֣ͼ㡣
󾪣㣬넽㣬㣬ǰһɽԶ꣬ǿȥǱߡ
˵ţɽȥ
＾넼״
ߵϯͷһۣȴһȺ˸
ϯʱһա
ȻûãʹǣһɽУƬ̺󣬹Ҳɽ
Ůϵ·ˮʪˣյ·ϣԳŮ͹µġ
һȺ˽󣬾ͷһ㣬˫۾ȵĶϡ
ŵͼ넼ˣæ㵽Ѿȥ
ϯڽɽ󣬾ͱƼȾϯϵ·ɡ
Сϵ·󣬲ϯԸȾһһĸͼҽú·ȻŸԼɡ
ƼһֱǰĶŹˡ
ģƤٺҲܲסģֻǽܱ꣬ô
˵ţ˳̰־СһۣһЩ
С㣬꣬һʱͣˣҪū澻ȥһˣȡЩ߹ǣ
ŮӶ·ȾߵϯǰС
ϯ￴һɫЩ׵ͼҽãͷóһЩˮԤš
꣬ȻգҲк壬ҪˮȾһۣȾ˷纮֢֮
Ⱦˡ
˿Ůϵĸ·Ҳ·̼λүˣû书ϻճյʪ·
̰ùźɣɲÿڡ
̰־ȴϯϯС㣬ܲѾߣǺ·ģҲ׸ɣҸһӵĹǮ
֪ƼȾ书󣬳̰־˵ˣٸ֮ǰһ顣


431 

ϯͳ̼г̰־ͳ̰룬ǣĿǰϵ̼ˣ뱻̼˼ǺϣϾļĿǰ̫͵ֲס̼˵ѹ
ϯƼһ
Ƽȥ̰ͳ̰־·ǵСˡû⸣ˡ
µĺܴˮŷǴеһ㣬ɽǰһݵأͻˮ
̰־ɽ⣬ĵȥˮҪɽˡ
磬ҿǻ취ɽɣȻǽֻҪҹˡ̰Ҳǵ
ɽϹҹǵûʲôﻹмλСأǱ֪ǺһȺСһҹǲСǵûˣǵҲһ
ʵǵЩˣͷ⼸λСһȢؼ£ǣݳǶծģұ֮ǰŻдŶһñںݳծ
֪뼸λСһɽҹдﰡ
δŹϰ̰ļȥ
棬µ̫Уʱʱĺ¡¡ףһһģŮӶɽϯͳ̼г̰־ͳ̰룬ǣĿǰϵ̼ˣ뱻̼˼ǺϣϾļĿǰ̫͵ֲס̼˵ѹ
ϯƼһ
Ƽȥ̰ͳ̰־·ǵСˡû⸣ˡ
µĺܴˮŷǴеһ㣬ɽǰһݵأͻˮ
̰־ɽ⣬ĵȥˮҪɽˡ
磬ҿǻ취ɽɣȻǽֻҪҹˡ̰Ҳǵ
ɽϹҹǵûʲôﻹмλСأǱ֪ǺһȺСһҹǲСǵûˣǵҲһ
ʵǵЩˣͷ⼸λСһȢؼ£ǣݳǶծģұ֮ǰŻдŶһñںݳծ
֪뼸λСһɽҹдﰡ
δŹϰ̰ļȥ
棬µ̫Уʱʱĺ¡¡ףһһģŮӶɽ


432 ү

ѰɲûȾͻˣȾһģĸ´Ŷҵӡ
ϣ¶ңˣ˵ӣˣ̫ˣǼ˲ɽҹˡ
ӣǱɽׯĴʹӣʶ
ӵһ¸С㣬봩£ūɽׯ
ӣҲϯͼ넼ˣڿɽͷʱĸӾ¶һ֮ɫ
ϯﵣļӻ룬Сһ䣬ǳ֪ҵүһɽꡣ
ĸԣɫŻ˻
ӳ幬˵ԭǳ̼ҵүū֪̼үҲڴˣ߲ūȽλСͻȥٸү߹үڴ˶ȺһЩʱ
Ͼ֪˼ҵүҲӶϾҺͳ̼ҵĹϵϻ
̰æһл
ȼλС㴩´öҺĸӾͶӣҪλСɽ
ֻǣȾԶϯǰЦԻϯСȥֻСͱСȥС
Ӧһãں棬żѾ߻ȥ
ƼȾһһߣץϯһֱֻۣɽ
ʱϯﻹ˵С㣬ɽϾɫȷʵһɽҾסڷɽ³̼ұԺǵɸѾȥԼʱ
ϯ˳ǣԹĻһֻһֻѹûԼһ¡
ͻȻƼȾͣ
С㣬үˡȾԵرСϯﻹˡ
ϯʱ̧ͷȥȻүɫ£ֳһѺɫɡһһ
ʱˣ㶵ĵô꣬ôˣ
㡣
֣ŷëһ㣬ɨϯ࣬͵ļ٣Ҳס˺졣
³أѹ˰ɡһֻ֣ɵĽ⿪ϵ°´ӣһ¾ͻȥתֶһ
ϯע⵽뻹һǴӰóģȻͷϵĶңҲȾˣҲ벻ݾܾ˻˹ͬһɡɽׯȥ
ϯӽС§ڻˮһҲûϮǳ룬·°ʪһƬ
Ҳû⣬ܺãһֱ΢Цš


433 ү2

ġүҪԼ߰ɡڣعϯЩڵ
ƿġ
һ˵һ϶Ҳޣ𶯣һЩȻ·Ҫʪˡ
ϯˣܲ܄e§ôҶˡ
ܣɡСҲֻŲŪʪ·ֱ׳ĽС§ĸ
ϯʪʪ£ˣȥɾǡܱö֮ռǿ
ɽׯͷɲѾӣС˳Ǳ˿ʪܵĻȥҪҪˣ
ϯʱգ㻹Ƽҵߣ
ͻȻŲһ٣ĿݵĲʵүǲǹƼȾҵºͶߵģ
ʱЦˣϯС㣬¹ˮмʮأļŲסģ㵹ãҧʶġ
ѵ
ǣϯܾﲻԾ
ôоԽԽ壬һˮ
ϯС㣬ɽׯһξ룬ٲߣǶزɽׯСѾͷƲ֪СѾͷǸģһǷʲô
ǳգСѾͷ׽׽
̵§СѾͷССߣΪתСѾͷ˼˹Ǻ͹ôһ𣿡
֪ҿ϶ҰζԡȻϯ˼תơ
ɽжļˣʵү̼Һ͌mҵĹϵΣ
̼ҵıھǣͶһֱֻǣ̼ҵļ붨̫Զһֱǳ̼Ұͽᶨң֪ĸ׳ϷˣһӪĸˡ̷ˣǳϷΪȢϱ
̷ʱ̼ұҺͶһˣˣ⼸˵鶼һ
ϯ֮ǰҼ̴үĿ⣬ƺһ˿η塭̴֣ү͹˵ҲһԱֵܣ̴үôη幬ѵ񣬻ʲôηĵط
СѾͷܼ̳жˣɲֻһỨƭŮ׵ˡ
Ȼ鵽Ĺ񣬾һӵܣһֻỨƭŮ˵Уǣţܼ̳жˣһһǴˡ
ԣһʲô֪¡


434

ϯһʼͲ͹ǣ̫࣬ԹƷΣ⣬ҲǺ̰Դ̬ȶѡ
һ£ϯ档
ϯ˵ǳ̴үڼ֮󣬾Ȼ˵졭Һȷǵһμȴĺװһģһ˵̴үǲҳƵˣ˵Ұ̵ˣŻôһ˵
һ㣬ɡ
̼ҲĳңϪߣͻ׿ʳ̴үˡ
Ȼǣװ̵飬װ̵֣ǣ֪װ̵ҵ
꣬ΪλһСء
˵⣬û˵eģʵ
ϯҡͷûУһ䣬˵˼仰Ļɡ
ԣ§֣˽̵Ժ̰룬ҪսԶһЩ
үһСϯһʼͲ͹ǣ̫࣬ԹƷΣ⣬ҲǺ̰Դ̬ȶѡ
һ£ϯ档
ϯ˵ǳ̴үڼ֮󣬾Ȼ˵졭Һȷǵһμȴĺװһģһ˵̴үǲҳƵˣ˵Ұ̵ˣŻôһ˵
һ㣬ɡ
̼ҲĳңϪߣͻ׿ʳ̴үˡ
Ȼǣװ̵飬װ̵֣ǣ֪װ̵ҵ
꣬ΪλһСء
˵⣬û˵eģʵ
ϯҡͷûУһ䣬˵˼仰Ļɡ
ԣ§֣˽̵Ժ̰룬ҪսԶһЩ
үһСϯһʼͲ͹ǣ̫࣬ԹƷΣ⣬ҲǺ̰Դ̬ȶѡ
һ£ϯ档
ϯ˵ǳ̴үڼ֮󣬾Ȼ˵졭Һȷǵһμȴĺװһģһ˵̴үǲҳƵˣ˵Ұ̵ˣŻôһ˵
һ㣬ɡ
̼ҲĳңϪߣͻ׿ʳ̴үˡ
Ȼǣװ̵飬װ̵֣ǣ֪װ̵ҵ
꣬ΪλһСء
˵⣬û˵eģʵ
ϯҡͷûУһ䣬˵˼仰Ļɡ
ԣ§֣˽̵Ժ̰룬ҪսԶһЩ
үһС㣬


435 Ⱦĵı1

ԹѾͣˣϯڱԺĺ԰ɢʳֱɫ磬ϯɽׯ
ϯڸڣԼȥɡ
߰ɣ㡣
ڵϹģôСѾͷһ˻ȥ
ϯ򴽣һɽׯ˿Ҵô졣
ģҲ˿
˵ţͰԵǣСѾͷһֻ֣ȥɽׯ
ǴӺŽȥġ
ڼŵƼʱϯʱƳ˳üۡ
ˡһжźˣȴһϹģ
֮·ϣһҲûϯüһ۳룬ˣˣ
ҡ΢΢ﴽֻǸﴫһ˵ϻ˼밲
ϰ˵֪ĶҪΪ˲סСΣǰȥһСǱԺӡ
԰ˣǱƼߵġ
ƼʱСһˣūȥſŸӿţū澲үͰ˶ǲˡ
С㡣Ƽ˶٣Сүͳ̼Ҵүүסǵɽׯ˵̫ûɽɽׯסһޣϰԸǰŵԺӡ
ӷȥʱ춼ҪˣһŴ꣬·ϲߣ̰ͳ̰־ֶ߲˶Զû취˲źƤųɽׯס
ϯüšһ£û˵ʲô
ſڣ֣Դ˵ˣ͵Ҳȥˡ
Ŀϯݺ󣬳תȥԺ

ϧ
һĴ߽С㣬ū澸ղſʲôˣ
ȾĲ£صղū澾ȻһλϯС
ǲǿˣȾĴ󾪣ôˣϯôܺһ
ôܡƲƲ죬ϯ＾넼Ｘһȥ磬ֻͼλС㱻ͻϯСȴûӰū֪ͷ϶¶ū澾һֱſڣû뵽¶ū澿ϯСǱһͻģ˶ϯС̬ʮܣֻ̫ϧɫ̫ū澲δ˵
ȾĴ󾪣Ȼ󼥷ϯƽ￴ģû뵽ȴһ}ȻǵɽׯͷˣҲ֪ϰ֪֪ɽׯ˽|顣


436 Ⱦĵı2

ϰ˿϶֪Ҫ֪ˣ˰ϳɽׯûɽׯض
˵ţдɽׯǶһ£С㣬˵˼λүסǳ֪ҵλү˵ϯСˣ᲻ǳү
̰ͳ̰־Ⱦ۾һ
̰ܿϵ̰ܿȥ̼Ҳμͻʫᡣ
һΣڳ̼Һ԰ι䣬·ȥԺ˳̰ͳ̰־ֵܶˡ
ǵã̰볤һźͳ֪Ƶͨӵ˶Ҳͨ
̰־ȴʮֿһʱ侹ȻˣֱҲյͨ졣
˵̰־òĸˣŭԹĳ֪۰
ֻϧǸӣƽľԣĵһøողðѿε
ɱѿС
Ȼ˶Գ̰־飬ﻹٿĿǰΪֹÿһ
죬ȥ鿴ϯСǲǳ̼ҵүȾԸСЩҪ˷֡
ǣС㡣
츣һͳš
ϴϯ˿֪үʱ͵͵ȥһ̼үȾ
С㣬ү˵ϳԵö࣬Ըū澸һʳ裬˰ɡ
ϯϴã£ȾͶһ¶ȸպõʳ
ϯЦԵЩһ·Ĳˣﻹõźʳ衣
С㣬үҲǹ㣬ΪѺˣūҲøүһȾ룬ϯֱߣȰ
ϯҲΪȾͺˡ
Ⱦݵɽˮζһ룬ܽⲻٵϯﵹǺϲȡ
СˣȾڳһ£С㣬ղūȥɽʱڸһӴү˵顣
ʲôϯһ档
Ⱦĵķ纮δãΪȾĵѾߣȾ̺ȥʲô
ѵȾķԸģ
ǣȾҪʲôأ
ļ̼֮ѵ
˼ˣϯͷԸȾȥи죬Ҫʲô˵ȾҪʲô
ǣС㡣


437 Ⱦĵı3

ϯû뵽ΪԼһ֮ģȻȾͶˣҪڱԼ
ϯɫģȾҧˣȾķԸ죬һɽҪȥͨˣ̰˽ҥԣ
һСȷʵ˷Ը졣Ⱦ
ȾҲû뵽СԸȥ죬ȻȾͶıҪݺС㡣
˹ˣСҲûС㣬ôСһֱС㲻˳ۡ
С㣬Сǰǲǽ𣿡Ⱦ̲סһ䡣
ϯǰδĽ𣿡
ôѵͬ᣿
ΪС㳤̫ƯСĹ⻪СŻᴦС㣿
ȾС㳤ԽԽƯʱãԼ²ⲻ
ƼҲµС㣬һС㼵㳤ıƯ
ţūҲô£Ȼûɣ֮ԩ޳Сȴ㡣
С㣬ūһıóѣһ磬ū澾ȥϽס죬ͷˣ˵ҲøСһ棬պ󲻸С㡣
Ƽһ˿壬ﳹ׵ȾͶˡ
ϯԴ룬ʰ죬еǻᣬȻȾҪң磬Ҿͻһۻۡ
ϯһҪ˵ɫƼˣСҪ
ٺ٣лˣ̫ˡ
ϯ˵̰ǣһˮôǾͱһ֣ڳųҥԣ̰־ǣһ𡣡
ףС㣬˵̰־ǳ̰ôƼȻҪ֪ȾĿҪС̰˽ᣬǳ̰־
̰ǳ̼ҵճүȴȢӣϻǾˣҼͣͻȻ̰СȾҶŹС㡣
С̰־˽ᣬС㻹һ˿ڣ̰봫˽ᣬСһ˿ޣǣϼˡ
ԣȾⲻֻҪСҪϵֱ֣ӳ׻Сˡ
ɳ̰־Ͳһ
̰־ǳֻ̼һ̻С̰־ȾôΪ˱סСӣСᱻƼ̰־߻ֻΪһС檵ˡ
ôС㻹һ˿
ԣȾıݶ


438 1

һ磬緹ͽɽ
ֻǣ֮󣬻û֣·ļҶСͳ̼Ҷү˽顣
󾪣ܹȥһѾסһӵĸ첲ŭڵ˵˭ͳ̼Ҷү˽ᣬ˿ˣ˵Ҫǲ˵Ҿ;ȥ˵˵
ѽСļҶС㲻˽ĻᣬҷʲôƢȥŶأޡݳǣ˭֪ļҵĶС̼ҵĶүȾҲһ˵¡
ǶҼСûкͳ̼ҶүȾǡϯС̼ҶүȾҼС㡣쾪ŵĴ粵ΪϴԼСףϧקϯˮ
˭֪λӣ˦֣Ц˭֪ǰʱ䣬̼ҶүŸϯҵ£ôָϯҵС㳶Ϲϵ˵⻰ףļҵѾߣ
ŷӦһһҼС˼
Ŀ죬ȻʲôС㣬ʲôѾߣ㳤꾫Ҳһûɫޡ˼ϯС㣬±ϯ˺͡
Χ·˶ͣ֡
ڵ֪ȾĵѾߺ˷׷ָ죬۷׷׵ԼС㲻㣬˽ᣬڴϴ󳳴죬¸˲֪ô
ѾߣҿģҲһǸСɧ
ļҶС㣬˵ı߻ɣôͿ˳̼ҶүǿѵļҶСҪȥ̼ϱ
ôû̼ҶүǸӴҪǿˣҲһ׼ֱ۾
Ӵ˵ĶԿǳ̼ҵĶүǲŽһأ˰Ҫÿ˵ļҶүҿģǹˣҲö˻
˴Ⱦ̰־˽ᣬ۵˳̰־òȻļ̼Ҫ顣
죬ѼˣΪԼС粵䣬ǣָָָ㣬ŵʲôҲ˵Ⱦˡ
磬ϯڳԷ͵õϢ˵ˡ
С㣬һ·Żģ˵С֪ĴԺ󣬰һ뷹ˡ
ҪΪڳҵɽׯֻӣᱻȾĸˡ
ʲô͵ɣһס
ʯͷԼĽֺͷ
ƼȾһһ䣬˵ǽһֻ


439 2

չϯֻ˯һ͵õϢȾıļɽ˻ȥ
Ƽ˳С㣬ûļӵɫǲŽһѿأȾʱûȥ֪ϰһɸѾȥϰ˵һȻˡ
õĽڣļҪȾĻؼҺú˿ϰǰҥԵ顣
ô˵£ļô˼õϰǰ˵
ߵʱ춥һ˫ֺ׵۾·ʱһȳһգ˲ߣū澹ƣһû飬С㷣ˡƼֺǺǵĵ
Ⱦһ䣬ãɲһģ£ĶСģĶСǰҲû˵СĻСҲ֪ĶСˣȻСʹӡ
ֻССûˤȴȾˤˡ
Ƽ˵ļһ᲻ĶС޸̶ү
ļ뱣ȫӣһᾡ̼Ȼ⴫ԣ˵Ⱦ̰־ѶףԴ˻ļ̼Ҳҥԡ
ֻҪȾ̰־Ѷ׵ϢȥôҥԾͲҪϾ˼δСڣ˽¼㲻˽ᡣ
ԣ˵գͻϢ
ϯԸƼ񴫸ȥ⼸գעļҺͳ̼ҵ顣
С㣬ūܲȥүǱ÷ɸ봫Ű
ãү˼ֻɸɽ÷ɸ봫ţɽҪö࣬Ҳʡ¡
зɸ봫ţϯȻ⣬ͷԸү£Ͼ£ҲүЩϵ
ϣ쿴ôܻô
ҪϺĶһƼȥ죬ǽմϱҥԵ˾ͲȾģ
С㲻˵ūҲү
Ƽȥ˸ڵĳұԺ
ϯһ·ȥԺϰ˵
ɽׯһֱųĴҹ䣬ûúϰˣˣ˵ʲôҲȥķֵϰˡ
Ѿͷˣô廹ðɣϯϰ˾Цȥ
ϯû£ƼȾΪǼʱ·ֺһǽ裬ûأϰˡ
û¾ͺãǿɱļѾͷƵģɽûգ˷纮ϰ˶ԴСرͰףǻһЩͷϡ


440 1

գＸϰ˾˳ǣԸ˺ǽǳԡ
̽ϯʱǡƼȾջʱѳ赲˻ȥ
ˣϰ˲֪ϯǱߵġ
ϯϰ˵ĹʱЩ飬ԺҶϰɣȥˡ
ϰЦôУôʱڼһҲסųȥʮɽׯģѾ͵͵ȥϵ̫ү·סңˤ֮ࡣ
̫үڶμ棬Ҳߴı¶ļӡ
θмһԼĵƤŻ̫үԼҲһԼԼҲķ
ϰŮʱһƤһûءϯǵڶΣϰ¡
һΣǰϰ˶ϱãϰ˾̸
ϰ˹ЦЦУһ˿ɬҰҵĶ˵Ժһ޲ȥ˵˭ҲȢһôƤϱ˭֪ȴ޸̫үע
뵽ԼһˣһС˵Լʱʷһ죬˰֣˵ǼʮǰˣˡȻתƻ⣬ʵﰡҲܸˣнڸ㶨żҵĴ㣿
Ұ˵ҵ£ʮ˵ﶼҶڼꡣϯص
ûϰ˵ǣ֮ҪϯʮٶżңΪϣȥŮû˸ȢѣϲžٸŮżҵ¡
ϰЦʮ꣬Ǻͣ꣬ҸܸǾͼĳףʱСԼһӣʲôҪĸסôˣҲˡ
ϰ˵ţĿϯϣܸһҶ֮꣬ҲͲźôˡ
ϰ˵İȥ磬ϰ˼޵ҵ꣬İزȥ֮ϰÿÿڳˣޣҲܶڼ㰢Ｘꡣ
٣ڰ۵һ̣ܴڰߣð￴һۣڰǰΣȴûܼһۡ
Ȼڵ֪ﲡؿ첻˺̸ȥңɻһȥʱҶڹҰ籡


441 2

£ϰźһӣҲһӣȴڼ޸̫үֻǺڼ޵̫ˣꡭ꣬ϴ϶ҲܳԣʹŮܳΪһȥɥ꣬Ͳֻޣ꣬öʮһܳޡ
ʮһϹ
£ûֻź룬ٳޣֻȥĸ᲻⣬˵ͻᱻҵȸȢһƽ޻ؼҡ
޽ûãͻˣʱĸԸֶŮ޸ƽޣ⣬ĸȻֶŮӵסһ֮£ԺȥסҲ̤ҴһҲĸпɳ֮
ĸֲƢֻһֶŮǲͻңӲ»˳ҡ
֮ĸҲȢ顣
Ҳ۰һӡ
ϰ˰̾һ֮£ʮȫʮģܻһЩʧȻ˷һӵĳ谮ôӱĵطҪʧȥһЩʲô
ֻǣʧȥĶ̫ˣİ
ϰˣȥܶˣҲôź߳ˡϯߵϰ̧˫֣˫磬˵һܻЩʧǲΪʧȥһӵͷһȥźģǰ㿴Ůôˣ£öϥ߸˲ǡ
ǺǣѾͷȰˣʵͨˣ밡Ұ֮ȥ¸ҰúõǸҲȴҵһӵź
ϰ˱ϯҲһЩ
ϯƶø߸˲ǣҲ֪ΪΣȻϯ˼ʮ궼û˵¡
ӣϿ
һϣͰ˵¡
ϰ˻ᣬܻöأűϰ˴ʮ꣬彡׳һȭͷܴһͷȥ˵ˣܻһ꣬˵ŸϰһǸиˣ˵ϰ˵ϰǸк֮ˣǸ֮
ϰ˾ô˵Σôǵ
ҼҴҵΪڸĸϰˣƽײţҪ࣬Ҳȥɮ࿴ڴСĳ࿴


442 3

ˣϯϰʮ⡣
ϯţλ˵ϰ˲ʱ򣬾ϰʱǼϰȥļңϰ˵ʱء
£ѹͲ˵ģҵĵ̫꣬ү¡
ϰ˵֪º󣬻ȥѯڵļ̫ү˵ĻȻ󣬳ϰеһӵźôˡ
Ȼϯﲻ֪̫ү˵ʲô²⣬һ͵Ķйء
ϰ˲ĵѾͷҪǽղ£Լ֪ҰﾹȻҲ̫ˣȻѾͷ֪ˡ
ϴڰ£˵ҺҰҲ£Żֱ˵㸣Ǹˡ
һ䣬ϯﻰ
Ҳϯ˵һ仰
ϰЦһӣΪƣܱΪãֻҪ£֮£֮󣬵˵£Ҳƴ֡
Ȼϰȴ֪ǰΪĶӳ֮󲻹¶ȴһϯ¡
ΪӣȢϯڤޣϯΪһӵĹѡ
Ȼϯȴδֹϰˣʮָмϰ˶ĺá
֣رмɵסϰ˵ʹ㣬ϰֱߺߡ
ֱϰԴһһ㣬Ҫ˯ϯ֣ͣͳһ𣬲ϰ˽Ϣ
ڶ죬ϯϰʱȴֻڡ
˵ϰɽˣ˵δȥ̽үһ磬ϰ˴ϳȥ˼ҡ
ϯжʱȻϰһȥѯˡ
ϯ΢ɣЦһٹϰ밲
ϰɽסһޣϰ˻ˣūȥ֪ͨϯСһ
ǾͶл衣
ϯСˣⶼūġ
ϯͿƼһۣƼæӻͳһ죬裬æһлȻˡ
֮գϯﶼ뼾넼ＸˣɽׯĻ԰Ҳûɽׯһ
˵գϰڻˡ
ٴμϰˣϯԸоϰ˵ʮֵĺãǰüʱʱľͻȾϵһ˿ҲУͺһֱѹļĴʯͷ˰㣬˿Ŷɻ䡣


443 պ1

ϰе֣Цһأ㣬Ҫѣֻҵ֪Ұ͸
˶٣ϰֵ˵һӣֻǣܸ꣬ҾͱޣȻʮټޣͻӰһˣҵĸҲᱡܾ࣬һ࡭һ룬ɲô
ʮ꣬ûüޣٹ꣬͵ڼɥ꣬һ㣬ɥںʮһꡣ
ʮһټ޳Ҵүֻʱֻ߲һԼһƽڡ
쿴İ˳һŮ˵ӣĺεʹ֪࣬
ԣΪһһ³Ͱļˡ
ʱΪŮһ¡
ߣ˵֮ʣȻźûмһ棬ȴܸ֮ǰŮ޳ȥˡ
Ϊһ仰ѹϰмʮĴʯͷͻȻˣһֱ԰źҲûˡ
ͨˡ
ȻޣǰԸͲ£ÿǷҪġ
ҵĴǣһ֣ǾҼһѹ£ΪѶ£˵Ҫôлźã
ϰЦһ飬ϯȿԼŮҪ缸֣ǰϯ￴һ˼
ϯ˵Ҳײϰ˾Ͳصˡ
ôУҵĴˡϰ˵ţͳ迴һۣܿͽңһϻӽ
ϻӴ򿪺ϯﾪˣæϰˣҲ˵˼仰ѣﵱôصĸлջȥҡϯתһ£ϰ˵ϴһֻͨĳӣָŽӣҪϰҪ񣬾ͽֻҰɡ
ϻһ׶ʮɫɺͷ档
ɺУɫׯҲģɫټҫۣҲģҲ˵ÿһεܱߣһȦĽߣҫɺϵɫҫ۶Ŀ
ʮ־£һǳԴʦ֮֡
Ҫǣɫɺͷ棬ϯǰΣһΣС̳ǰһ죬ɺͷļױڶ̧̧ҡ
ڶΣǳգɺʱһΡ


444 պ2

ϰΪðļױϯĶա
һΣڰ£ϯѾһֻԭϰ˸ױӣһΣͷ棬ϯ򲻻ա
˭֪ϯԽܣϰȴҪ͸
ˣʹĽϵߣɺͷ棬һ͸ϯ
ϯﶼˣϰˣĺܹأҲҪ
ѾͷôҿˣͣΪԹԽžǣʲôزصģһζѣ££ҿҪˡ
ϰ˰ϯ
ϯûֻˣȴ㣬ȳʱ㵱ױˡ
ɲΪһͷ棬ǵĳǱƢ
ϯˣ͸Ƽʹ˸ɫʾƼ¡
ƼЦǺǵĵϰ˶Сãɺū澿˶ޣСϣ϶ܾһƬ۾
ܶ۾ǰѾͷĺÿĲÿٺÿҲ᲻򡣡
ǣϰ˻˵ū죬ǲ˵ƼЦϰһ䣬ȻתͷϯʵС㣬ūȰͻȥɡ
ţȥɣ׵ˡ
֪С㡣
Ƽϰ˸һˣȻ̵ϻӳȥˡ
ƼƬ̣ˡ
ẓ̌ˣգ㲻ڣҿˡ˵ţϰߣϯ̣˵ȥ˼̽˹Ҳþû˹ˣ˹ôŻô
ţúúã˹ӹһӲʣ⼸꣬Ȣϱ걧ӣ˹˵˺ü꣬ڼҺŪҲء
ϰĳ֣Цǽһˡ
ȻŮܻһЩʧ飬ɵԼĵŮϰôܲϡ
Ц̻ǴǴӱ¥ѡ¿
䣬Ͷһ̳һֻСϻӡ
￴ϻӣ΢΢¶һ˿ʧȴЦлл̡
ȻĿһϯ״ʵ̣ϯ׼ʲôﰡʱƼõϻӺôء
ôһϻӣװȥһͷ棬ʮΡɰ͸ģֻһССķΡ
ƼϵϻӱȣϻҪС˺öࡣ


445

Щպ޵ĵϯüۣϯֺ̣̺öġ
һڰ£ϯôö˺öϯŮڰĿУȴһҪ
óļ䣬߷߲ƽ
ǼʱľΣˣһЩʱΣʺϰ̴ˣôҲϲóҳ㣿
ˣ̣кöأԣƤЩӲľܾˡ
̶ˣΣʮˣ͹ʱˣɲϲʱΣϲľǱ¥ÿ¿
ϰЦЦͲ˻⣬⼸ճֵ
ϯ״æǡ
ϰҲֻϯʱóȥ
һֱϯͽС̵ϯС㣬ɺͷ£ҪôСС̫̫֪ƼȾǶͷҲһ䣬λС㲻Թϰƫ㡣
ɺͷΣϺټǳˣ۸Ҳʮְû
ϰɺͷ棬Ըү˳ȥѰ꣬ѰģԭϰǴѰСױģڣȴ͸ϯԣ»ǱܵĺãȻС֪ˣӾǻֻ»һ١
СƢɲһĴҲ嶯һΪϯС鷳ϰԭΪлϯСı⣬ϯС鷳ǿɲϰ¡
ãҼסˣлѡϯЦӦ£ȻĿͳ뿪
ȻݣϯƼȾ¡
ƼƲƲ죬ͷ£СͰϰ˵İţǄeˣǵСɲһĲǣϰ˼úƢȻС㷢Ƣϰ˾Ҫͷˡ
Ƽ˵ϯҲ֪Ƣ
ԭɺױģڿͷ棬Լţ͸㣬ɲý͡
ϾǰϰȥѰɺε£˳⣬һҲ֪
óɺͷ棬ֻЩˣòˡ
С㣬ͷ棬ūͻȥɣֻ»᲻ȫΪ˰ȫЩͻȥĺã¡
ϯҲãɽׯףƼ


446 1

ϰ͸ͷ棬ڳĺô
벻˵
οⶫòƻǳѰġ
ɳ취Ҳûİ취Է͵͵ҵһΣͻңһ˶Ľġ
һ֪ϰһ׼ֵǵθǳҵλ̫̫ͼλС㣬ַ찡
ֺöϰ˲ǣȴ͸һˣһ룬ﶼ̫ܣһϰ֮϶
±֪ˣ˵˼һĴӾǸϻء
Ϊ˱Щ鷳ϯ룬ͬƼ顣
Ƽں԰תһȦȻо˰һֱһڸ֪ʵҲҸֻ̫ԶԶš
ɫϯѾ˯£Ƽͻ᷿Ȼһҹ£Ӵȥ
δϻӣֻϢΧתһȦȻԺſڲԶӣ۵ĽԺš
ƼЦȻ᷿ϻӣӺԺǽ
һ磬ϯ𴲣ƽһ׵󣬾ȥԺϰ밲
ϰ˲Ÿ̺ϰϴϯͱѾ쵽ƫȺ
ƫϯļƽﶼʱĳܽãվȻǵһ
ӴϯСĿ磬ҲֲҰ̶ȶŮҪأôһƨ˶ڸǰţҲѹ֣ҰôǽÂzˡ
ϯһֻţ̤ƫ˳䳰ȷ
ϯüһšȻС˵⻰ɾϰ˵ˣ˭֪ϰ˶ԳλС㶼һͬʰ˵һҲûٹСģҡܵϰ˵ԵҲҵĸҺܸˣϰҲû˶С㣬Сô˵Ҫϰ˶ԳСĹĺͳ谮ںεأҪϰԿ
㡭ʱָͷָϯʲôҳҵ£Ҫһܣ
ƤĲҰ̣Ҫ㣬ûסȥˣ˼Ұ밲
⻰ﲻҴ˵ǽѹĵ͵͵ģ»ᱻڵϰ
ϯһŭ˵ȴİôӣʱˡ


447 2

ϯﵭС㣬ҵ£ûʸܣҲӲȥܣһţͳңңʵʵ˵ѣС㲻һϰϰΪС˵ĶԣΪҲϰ밲úϰˣϰ˵ôһʰˣô
ʲôô
ڰǰô˵ϯ̻÷ð
û˵ҷŴô»ᱻô
ϯǰ̵Ĺͣľˣ֪ϯﲻֻµһҪľ
ʱˣٸϯﳳȥֲıϯѹһͷֻܶݺݵľϯҪΪа̸Ϳһֱ⣬Ҿ㣬ԺСЩȻƵġ
ϯѳľ棬ڶԳҲ˼־֮ġ
һֱ˳ۣиʹҲһأƼȾڣÿоյıܿˣûƵ
ԺöһЩ˭֪ʲôıѽ
㣬ˡЦǺǵ߽ȻŷҪһ㶢ϯϵЦȥʵ밢гôôŰ㣿
¡
ջĿ⣬תݺݵһ¡
ĸһֻըëСһΪԸ£ҿɸ㣬ǳҵĿˣ԰㣬ҪΪסɽׯģǷģǷҲǷϰ˵ģǷģûҪɫ
ɲ³ﲻ˳ۣ͸ҵ泳ɲ̫ࡣ
ж̫̫д̫̫ء
Ҵ̫̫׹ùá
ʲôʱɫˣ㲻Ҫ˵˵ԼողŸɫˡ
ʮֱҵñǿ׺һϯߣϯ㣬ԺҪ۸㣬ͲҪһֻ蹷˭ҧ˭
˵˭Ƿ蹷أ㡭
˭ӻ˭ǿ
㡭
ѪҪһڣָһͨ졣
ʱˣããϯϰϴˣǹȥ


448 3

㣬һֱڰĿ⣬ʱת
ﵭЦ磬ͽҺͳһ̺ϴ
ߣֺ̣кߺö
⼸գ̵ĺöûã͸⼸Ůˡ
ߣǶճģȴ˵ȥˡ
ǣҲϰǰ¶һ
ϰǰٲҲñţҪЦһ޺ĸϰ밲ϰ˿ġ
ﰡӳ緹˾ͻȥɡ갲ϰ˾Ͱ֣ôһȥֻϯһˡ
һʱίۿ죬̣Һþû緹ˣҲ
㰢Ӳ㻹ǻȥ㰢÷ɣаҾͳˡ˶٣ϰ˻̵⼸գȵĽģٳΪɹˣú̿һɾͲÿ
ǣϰ˵ģڼ廨ддֺˡЦţɵӦ
ȴݺݵһϯȻĹĵˡ
ʱûϰи
ϰ˿ŮȥıӰҡͷＸ˶ȥ˺ϰ˶ϯѾͷ߻ˣʲô˵ĵطͿӵϣൣһЩ
һ˲䣬ϯ֪ղڸڣ˵Ļϰ˶֪ˡ
ϯ΢΢һЦ˵ϰ˷ģҴδСҲδѳС㵱ѹ
ﲻӡ֮ĳޣ֮ܽ䣬һҲܳΪѡ
ϰ˵ϣҲΪˡ
Ȼ̫̫ڡ
̫̫ѳ
ǾͺãǾͺáϰ֣Ҿ֪ȰѾͷ£ѽ̫̫ˣԺ󣬾ԵĳƢ֪ôżء
ϰüȾһ˿ڵĵŮƢãպȥżһԿ
и˵ģҲ޲ģҲֻŮǰ̵һЩء
˼ˣϰЦóԵĵǲ֪û㰢ĺóԡ
ϯĵҲԶԲһˡ


449

ϯЦϰˣҰãɸɽׯĳһȣɻһЩһŵпȥѧһѧˣȻȥҾͰǳԡ
ϰ˹ЦǺãѧˣҲһա
ʵϯĳղǰڳʱҵĳ̵ְֽġ
ֻǣϯ³żһγҲֻЩģˡ
ϯϰ˵͵ϰʲô磬ȥϰ˳ԡ
粻Уȵʱ򣬳¶ȸߣҿ᲻ȥҪҳԣǾͰȥһ㣬þûˡ
ϰû˵ǣϣԷ
ϯǳľˣϰ˻ϯһ룬֪ǣĶӣϯȥϯԷ
áϯЦӦ
ϯЦϰˣҰãɸɽׯĳһȣɻһЩһŵпȥѧһѧˣȻȥҾͰǳԡ
ϰ˹ЦǺãѧˣҲһա
ʵϯĳղǰڳʱҵĳ̵ְֽġ
ֻǣϯ³żһγҲֻЩģˡ
ϯϰ˵͵ϰʲô磬ȥϰ˳ԡ
粻Уȵʱ򣬳¶ȸߣҿ᲻ȥҪҳԣǾͰȥһ㣬þûˡ
ϰû˵ǣϣԷ
ϯǳľˣϰ˻ϯһ룬֪ǣĶӣϯȥϯԷ
áϯЦӦϯЦϰˣҰãɸɽׯĳһȣɻһЩһŵпȥѧһѧˣȻȥҾͰǳԡ
ϰ˹ЦǺãѧˣҲһա
ʵϯĳղǰڳʱҵĳ̵ְֽġ
ֻǣϯ³żһγҲֻЩģˡ
ϯϰ˵͵ϰʲô磬ȥϰ˳ԡ
粻Уȵʱ򣬳¶ȸߣҿ᲻ȥҪҳԣǾͰȥһ㣬þûˡ


450 

һΣ̫̫ߵǴʱطǸɵģΨ֮ʪģСĵıܿǴطԱ˹ȥ
̫̫ôΣȥһ֪ǳСɵ£̫̫һ״浽ϰǰ
ʱ򣬳С㻹С͸֮£ڣֻ»ӱ䱾
ϯһţȻ˼ҷѾ˼ҪңҲʧȥ
˵ţ̨ȥ
ƼС㣬ػҪ
꣬˵СȾһѣ
Ƭ̣ϯˤһӣһĽų죬ƼȾæܹȥϯһֻŵأһֻգ۵ֱС
С㣬ˣū澻Ǳȥɡ
˵ţƼϯǰϯ
Ⱦһŵȥɽ
ܿ죬ɽׯ˶֪ϯں԰ˤˣϰҲ֪Ϣ
ϰ˽ôúõģ·ˤˣ裬ȥ鿴ﵽôˤ˵ġ
Ҵ嵱˼ʮڸˣϰæĸȥ£Լ裬ȥ
ֻǣߵ·ϣ迴ǰ·ϰˣǰ̨գػǻԱС·ȥɡ
԰ôգϰ̧һȻ̨ڣΧĵضȻѾɣɻЩ΢ʪȻ֮ǰϴ
µ红ӵͷͻһ԰ĵأˮϴĸɸɾһҶûУôϴˣ
ϰˣϯСˤġϰһ
ϰɫʱģ裬úò飬ҵҪɽׯͷ˭Ҫ
ϸɸɾģȴ˹ϴأõʪģ˺͵̨ףȻԤıҪϯ
һƵϰˣһ̣ɫˡ
ϯĶˣ۰Ӳȴ˷Ѿ˼Ҫộ
ϰ˵һУɽׯ٣ɽׯĹԽԽӣɽׯūţҲǸûһˡ
ɽׯūţһиʲô£ǹǰͰźõģϴص£ȴһ⣬һ˷Ըͨ
ϰȻūźƣҲݲūűرǱĿˣġ


451

ϰ˷ƢʱɽׯӣҲ˺԰
ϰվ̨ԣ̨ϵգľĵ߹ϰǰϰˣūĴūūź
⼸գˮû£ضϽĺܣϴص¶˭Ըģϰ˰ӡ
ĺܣϻص糿Ҳ֪һū˼ûݣһأСС㣬λС㣬С㼸˴Ժ·˵ʱ廨Ьմɸɨ԰ӿͷԸʹѾͷѺ԰ĵضˮϴһ飬̨ϵգõģūողʹѾߣҲ̨֪ϵգǴӺζ
Ǳأ˵
ˣ˷ְɣ
οӲˣȥܻͣᱻ˿ɣ
ӵͷҿϰ˵ı飬һɽ¸Ͷˡ
͵ˣû˿
ūʹˣû˿ôģͷɬĻص
ɽׯūţƵģסɽׯĿ˳ˣΪ£ֻҲӲ
ǣڼϵ
ߣôˣͶˣȴûһ˿ǵʱǶʲôȥˣ
飬Һݺݲ顭ϯСֳȥ߳Щūǣһɽׯ
ϰ˷ƢˣĲᣬŵӸæӦһãͺͳˣȥ¡
ϰˣƵȥ
ϯֺףƼˣƼС㣬ѽϵѨˣʱˣֻҪˣ㻹ǵһһ£ٷһ°ɡ
ȻΪ˳αСףԼһֻţǿˡ
ϲˡ
ϯ鵭
ƼüС㣬ǶСɵģﲻūֱȥϰ˵С
ʡô
ϯ˵ûƾûݵģֱ˵ﺦң˵ϰ˻ţ
ϰţǣûƾûݵģҲϡ
ԣֻϰȥ飬鴦֤ڳǰ
ʵϯĲΪԼʹϰ֮϶ҲΪԼϰ鲻ùġ


452 1

һ̣һãǣأﲻû֣ôߣ䱾
ʵȥ
ԣֻöϰ˵Ǹ
С㣬ʵСǸʲôӵˣϰֻֻǣôСûֵ̫飬ԣϰ˲Żݼ֡
СģһСйأϰǲġ˶٣Ƽֵ
ģҲѳô
£鵽֤ݣָΪ˳ϰҲţ󣬲ֻСһƵĳͷѡ
С㣬үأүһΪġƼֹһ䡣
ϯҪ죬ȴϰˣһ㡣
ϰˣС㣬ū澳ȥӭӡ
ƼȾˣæݣƬ̺Ѿ߾Ͳϰ˽
ϰˣôϾˡϯţҪϰ밲
ϰæסŶ׳ˣЩ񣬾Ͳùˣúš
˶٣ϰһεѾͷҳҹ̲ܽϣôίģһѺҳΡ
ϰˣʵûµģֻǽһ£ЪϢվͻáϯɶµЦϰȴЦУʹ
ϰ˺ۣѾɻԺɽˣһ̣ܿͻġ
ãллϰˡ
⺢ӣô£ˣҾ͸Ϊ㸺𡣡ϰ˵ţƼ֮ˣƽʱŽҩҿ۵ҪȸĨҩһ࣬ܲף
Ƽһ񣬵ϰˣū澸ոСĨˣȻ׵ı⻹Ҫء
ϰ˾һ䣬Ҳ֪ĸɱǧģȻ̨ۣͣܵί
ƼƲƲ죬˵ʲôջû˵ڡ
ûãˡ
ȾϽϯʹһӣȻô
ϯָһӣϯĽףϯ۵亹ֱ˵˵ĺˣøϽҩ࣬ãϷһƿҩ˭Сϡ

Ƽȥϴнӹҩࡣ
ϴȾȥãһҩݸȾˮһˮһΣ죬Сµ·


453 2

ǣҼסˣл򡣡
Ⱦҩת֣ݸϴѣϴš
ݣƼڸϯҩȻϴɴһȦȦpϡ
ϰ˼ϯ۵亹ˣ۵Ƽһ۵
ǣϰˡ
Ƽ˶ɴֻϯpȦ
pã˽ϻһ˿㡭ɽׯ˵ˣ
ϯľϣϻƼϸĵĸһ㱡ûϵɴּʵ㣬Ķˣ˵زأҿ
أǽһ¡ϯᳶһ±¶ţһۿʱˣôˣö۰㣬ô°·úõأô˽ˣ
û˯ãȥ˯һһ۷׷˵ϯˤˡ
˵ڵʯ·ˤˡ
ôأ
ƽػˤˣ
۲죬ϯﲻһëëˣƽʱ˵·ʮȵôں԰ˤˣ
ϰ˵˰̨ϣϴ˵أûע⣬һŲȥˤˡ
ôգһСﻹûӦ˹ġ
ϰɫ˳£һġ
ϯ˵ˣҲȥ²ôˣﰡģһΪֹ
ϰˣʱСȥģֻûŻˤԼ·Сģūǵ£ϰˣܲܲҪǣ
ϯ۰Ͱ͵Ŀϰˡ
ϰ̾һϢ˵㲻СȥģҲдǴûʱɾ棬Ҳûɸ֣֮Ǿд
ʵϰл֮ˣֻǱϾǳҵѪѪԼŮģôݣȻΪϯһЩֶ
ϰˣϯǵܣڽϵ˼£ʹżࡣ
㣬ԭȥֻܵźȥ
ҼǵĻĲȥ뼾뼾넽ȥϯﲻΪԼӰȤ
ԥһ£һɣˣĶȥ϶ģɣô


454 3

ţᡣ
Աָ˼֮󣬴нʱٱͱɱƬײ
ʱ֣ҽҹ̽ϯ
ҽȥ˹֣ժ˲ʹӻ˵ϯˤˣö˾ͷԸѾװһʽˮ˹̽ϯ
磬ϯԷԸƼʮȥ˼˹
ϯﾪȵǣ緹ǰǱ߻һѡ
ϯǲʹˣ
ϯС㣬ûʹϰ˷ԸūϯСģ˵ϯСˣЩѲһõĿ졣
ϯԣŷԸƼһķļˣλССĿζҲͰǵĿζС
ϯСһ࣬ⶼūģæūȥˡ
˺󣬾ͼˡ
۰Ͱ͵ĵһѣЦ㣬Ⱥѣeˡ
˶٣ֵϰǸˣɫһѪ࣬һϵѪ࣬ϰһһС룬ֻ¾Ҫӡ
ȻŵڣҲв̣İ¾һѵӣȥΣҲƹѧѵˣһһ۾ܿô
𣬵ϰ˶԰ãѪһͲͨܳԵϵģһϰ˵Ĺȴԡ
Ľϯܺϰ˶ôãѶ͸ԡ
ϯԣƼȥ֪ͨѣһСռԳݶѡ
㣬ϰ˼ȻѪ㲹ӣͿ϶ֻһ٣һ٣㲻óҲΥϰ˵ķԸǻġ
˵ţ촽
ϵѪ࣬ʮˣҲֻҳԹһΡ
ʮǴΣ֪ϲѪ࣬صһϵѪ
ϣóｫһȫˣͰ̰һ˸պ÷һ룬Ϊѵֺ󣬾͸һڣһѪͱûˡ
ȻȵĿ죬ζ¡
ﶢѪ࣬ʿˮԣúóԣֻϧƤٺҲø˻ԡ


455 ҹ

뼾ҽϯһ죬ֱ˲Ÿ뿪
һߣϯͽ⿪˽ϵѨ
ѨһͨͺܿȥҲʹˡ
̺ϯϴȾ᷿ϢƼȴûߣС㣬˯ɣū澽ֵҹʲô£һū澾С
ϷҪȫСˣѾ߸ֵҹСҪҹ
ϯһ˯
ƼȥңϯľϢ
ֻǣûƼ˯أ͸оһϢ
Ƽ͵ķ齣ҪңȴҴһϤȥš
Ƽɲţź֪ĸоϢϤɲүϢô
ƼҽȥæϢĳţݶλţȴڰҲ֪үôСķҪʲô
үʲôӦòᣬүһףС㻹ǸδĻƻŮүϡҲóóȻǡ
ôţƼҲĴݶϡ
ϯҪ磬͸оһƵĶԼ
ȻۣĿһſŭԹ뼾ҽϯһ죬ֱ˲Ÿ뿪
һߣϯͽ⿪˽ϵѨ
ѨһͨͺܿȥҲʹˡ
̺ϯϴȾ᷿ϢƼȴûߣС㣬˯ɣū澽ֵҹʲô£һū澾С
ϷҪȫСˣѾ߸ֵҹСҪҹ
ϯһ˯
ƼȥңϯľϢ
ֻǣûƼ˯أ͸оһϢ
Ƽ͵ķ齣ҪңȴҴһϤȥš
Ƽɲţź֪ĸоϢϤɲүϢô
ƼҽȥæϢĳţݶλţȴڰҲ֪үôСķҪʲô
үʲôӦòᣬүһףС㻹ǸδĻƻŮүϡҲóóȻǡ
ôţƼҲĴݶϡ
ϯҪ磬͸оһƵĶԼ
ȻۣĿһſŭԹ
뼾ҽϯһ죬ֱ˲Ÿ뿪
һߣϯͽ⿪˽ϵѨ
ѨһͨͺܿȥҲʹˡ
̺ϯϴȾ᷿ϢƼȴûߣС㣬˯ɣū澽ֵҹʲô£һū澾С


456 1

´ΣҪ˺Լˣ˵һǧ˰٣Ҫã²ߣС
֪ˣǵһΣҲһΡ´ΣԷͲֻÿƷֱӳ֡
ϯһ۴ͷ߼Ϸŵɳ©ʱ˵ˣʱˣûȥˡ
ţúϢ㡣ͳö仳У˼Ҳϯߺæܾãôæ£㡭㲻õңһûµġ
ȴվţ˳ȥ
磬͵׾Ͳ˳ϯƼǣ˲ǳҲǳˣɽׯһʹѾͷƽ︺ľǺ԰ɨơ
С㣬ϰ˰˹˲УСΣūȥ񷿣Էͽĺܣֻ˵Լ͵˳ͣߵ԰ʱװ͵ĹӵϴˣΪڸ£Ѿ߾ͼװȥβݣһ·ҽڣ԰ϴһ顣
ѾеĹϯƼȾ֪Ѿָʹû˵滰
ϰ˺ͳҲΣѾ߿ڹһ£ϰûֻð˹ڲ񷿣ϯԼͷԷ
ϯǳҵūţһôóֳͷɣƼϰ˴һȻԷļ亦ˤǴ¾ˣϰ˷ɡ
С㣬˷ˣƣͰװˣһƼѾߡ
ѾߣȥҵΣðֶѾߣͲ˵ʵ
ϯһĨЦȻˣҵĽҲۣҪԷĴ㡣
Ƽ۾һЦūˣūȥԺϰ˵
˵ţƼٳȥˡ
ȾС㣬ϰ˲һͿˣһūŵū澲²⣬ϰ˶ԺĻҲһֻǲ뻵˶Էѡ
ϾԷѾ̸ۼ޵ͣʱ򴫳飬պżҾˡ
ˣӰλС㶨żҡ
ѵҪΪС㣬ҪŹԷϯšü΢΢˼
Ⱦū澲СŹԷҲϣ±Ӱ쵽ҵ
ΪСľóϰСӡֻ»ήͣɲǺ


457 2

С㣬һү£ʹϰԹ㣬պ󡭡պү˼ֻ¾ͲôԸ
ϰ˺ãҲүȢһմȾ۵Ůӻȥ
ϰ˲һˡϯͷ£ҵĴϰԹֵҵͷġ
С㣬һ򣬾һϰȷʵһƿ֮ˣСүжСҲûʲôԳҲ֮£һС㴥ϰ˵ĵߣСȹүһϰҲ֮ǰһƴС㡣
㣬϶һҪģҲֵ˽ֻ֪ôԼˮ棬¶ϰ۾֮£СǱܿeմ֡
Ѿ߱ץˣȴҧĻʯ󺣣Сٳֻ֣»ϰ˵ĻɣС᲻
ȾͬСô
ͬɣȻǵСϰĿеӡۿۣԺֻ»Ӱ쵽үĴ¡
Ͼϰү
үĻ£ȫϰϡ
ϯȴûô࣬ʵһʶʱˣԼ֪Լݣ䲻ϳ룬ѹҲû롣
ľٶԽ죬ϯҲҶ룬ҲԼ롣
ǳվǰʵʵĸҪȢŻš
ȻûҶͳ飬ϯʱҲûǵԼϰĿеλá
ңϯΪԼ˽ϰˣ֪ϰ˲һˡ
С㣬£Ҫ˼С
ȾΪԼ룬ϯֻøĲԣǾͰ㣬ֻǣϰ֪ĻˣǰгһС
ǳҵˣõ֤ݣϯҲѶԷô׶Էһ٣һ٣Ȼô
ԸɲͬԸӡһֶΣ޸һںݳǻĶӾͳɡ
ҿɲӡңںͬڵλһҪԸͳȥãƹһҲ޸һӣ˳ҵ
С㣬֮£үΪãС㻹Ǆe棬ϾСүֶŮүѵӦõģС棬ֻպСӺС㡣ȾȰ
ΪүСǰˢһЩøжȣô


458 3

գϯͬȾ顣
磬ϰ˾ϯ˰СѾߴӲ˳
Ϊ˸ϯһҲΪ˸ɽׯūһ棬ϰ˻Ѿ߶ʮӣΪɽׯĹأһūǣϰ˻ɽׯеūŶټǰԺȻ˵棬СѾ߶ʮӣɽׯ˼ūһľ档
֮ɽׯķȻࡣ
ūǸɻҲ͵ˣҲɽׯĿˣӲұˣʲôֶƿˡ
ƼȾЩ˵Ѿ·ϣᱻʺһ䡣
֮Ϊ˸ϯϰ˻سңʮƥϣһϻΣһѣҶȰ͵
ϯһЩʱϰΣԼݿƣЩԲ˼ҡ
µأȥԺϰ˵л
ϰ˸æóԱߵԲ¡
ĽŲźãôµˣڴ϶աϰϯ֣ĵ𱸵
ϯ飬ͷϰ˶ӣҵĽźöˣ·û£⼸ϰţǰĴ
⺢ӣǶµۣдɽׯūԽԽûأװһۡ
ϰ˵ţͿ裬ʵȥԸѣˣˣ͵㰢һԡ
ϰˣǽܳԵģϰԺǱóˣҵĽ˶ˣûˡ
һѣϯһ£Ǿ˵ϰԺeˡ
⼸գÿնһѸȡ
˵Ѫ࣬ĺޣһͨ˼ҵСˣҪѪࡣ
ϰ˵ͷĺȰɣɽҴ˲Ѫ࣬Ǻˡ
ϰ˻ϯȰµģϯﲹһϯݵģ϶ûˡ
ϯŵϵĺ⣬ˣֻǣѪĺö֮τeóˡ
ϰ˼ϯĲݺ⣬ֻ̾һðɣһѣúˡ
ǡ
ϯЦˣ˵Ӧ
ܿ죬Ѷ˽ˡ
ϯϰ˺Ѻ󣬲ǡ
ȾѾϰ͵һһʰˣѶҲڣȾ˵


459

㣬ˡ˵ǧϯľ£ϯĽţĽôˣˣѾȫô
СһĹġ
ϯ˼֣ЦŵͷѾȫˣ·ˣϴ򿪵ҩЧܺãʣµļҩԲúˡ
ʵҩϯҲûȣˡ
Եϯ˵ʲôʲô˵ĵ̫ˣհǾȥĺɻʱȥʱ򡣡
ȥԼҽöһͬȥ˶֡ϯ˵
ǵȻͺԼˣ͵źء
ЦȻĸϯһ£ʱǱߵԺﴫˤĶҲ֪ڷʲôƢͷˤϲūţѾߣǵù
ﳯָһ£ָķǳסԺӡ
ϯһĨЦ˵㣬ˡ˵ǧϯľ£ϯĽţĽôˣˣѾȫô
СһĹġ
ϯ˼֣ЦŵͷѾȫˣ·ˣϴ򿪵ҩЧܺãʣµļҩԲúˡ
ʵҩϯҲûȣˡ
Եϯ˵ʲôʲô˵ĵ̫ˣհǾȥĺɻʱȥʱ򡣡
ȥԼҽöһͬȥ˶֡ϯ˵
ǵȻͺԼˣ͵źء
ЦȻĸϯһ£ʱǱߵԺﴫˤĶҲ֪ڷʲôƢͷˤϲūţѾߣǵù
ﳯָһ£ָķǳסԺӡ
ϯһĨЦ˵̫̫⼸նƲδϰȥ밲ǶСΪ̫̫żƢЩɡ㣬ˡ˵ǧϯľ£ϯĽţĽôˣˣѾȫô
СһĹġ
ϯ˼֣ЦŵͷѾȫˣ·ˣϴ򿪵ҩЧܺãʣµļҩԲúˡ
ʵҩϯҲûȣˡ


460 ˮ1

ϰ˰£Ů࣬һŮȢϱƸмҳĶҲ˽һЩӸ˽׬˽Ǯá
ʣ³ϰΨһĹŮԼ޶ʮļױ֪öۺ졣
ֻ꣬ȳϰһµӡ̫̫һ۾ġ
ԣӡ̫̫ŮѾ˼Ҫϰ׼ңڳϰ˾ܾ֮󣬲ϧŮȥǰ;Ķү
ԣȷ˵̫̫ҶүǸĸ֮ý֮ԣǶ͵͵˽飬볤¡
˳׺˰ʹĶ̫̫ͷѾ˼ֺóϰˣҪӳϰϵúôֻǣһʼϰ˾ʮֿ϶ϱˣ̫̫ȴֺãҲͳ׺˳ϰˣ˽½̵Ů˵ϰϵĲҪǵޡ
ˣŻѳϰеĶԼļױɽׯڡ
ԣϰÿͳȥһΪĶȻˡ
С㣬Ĳ¶ˣūҲζС㷢ƢÿηƢ֮ǰϰ˶͹ȥƼһǰ£Ȼܿ϶Ĳ²⡣
һ㿴Ҳ¶˰ɡɫȻַ߷ߵ˵ʲô˰ҲֻһŮôͰѳϰ˵˽һ˵ģж󣬲Ż뷨
ϰһ߸ŮŮӣҲĸŮɼˣŮδס
˵ŮӣϰµŮҲȥƾʲôΪϰ˵ޣһ˵ģ
ƾ
ƲƲ죬ӿϳˡ
һֱ˰뿪
뿪ʱϯ㣬հĶһ׼ߣȥС
ĹߣԸԤȫˣ͵ϯźãȻѡһĵӣȥһ档
˭֪˺üȴƻˡ
ϣԭϯ넣ˣ˸߲ҵôɻźÿʱܽͳҶλСʹ۷׷׵ļˣʱ죬һȺˡ


461 ˮ2

넱㣬㣬ʲôĿ⣬ЦЦɨ˼һۡ
ɨϯʱĿԹ֮ɫһţȻ͵ûϯ˰㣬ֱӰˡ
ϯҲǵһαӣѹͲ⡣
ǶĳݣڿϯʱһߴһʵλϯСɣȻĲģϲҲѹִ̻һߣһˡ
ĵһգһԷʱϰ˾ͽ˶ʶһȴǵһμϯ㣬ϯ񶼴룬ȴУϯͽϰˣָʹϰŮ۰ˡ
ϯüһݣЦܵϰϲҺңС㣬Щɲ˵˵ϰ˰ѵŮһߣֻΪһˣһ㣬ҿɲϿɣ֪ǰգϰ˻ŮأϲŮϰôŮĵϣ
ݶʱҭƿԡ
ΪǰգܽŴһֻӣ˵Ǵ͵ġ
߹ųݣݣǲǻԹްסȥԺס䣬Ҫܽ𣿡
ݵȻպ˵ɫҲûд⡣УҲܳϡ
ǶͷֳȥˣҲǳҵ֧ԺҪųҵϵһԷԣɲܵ˵ϵһӲܵϰˡ
ļЩһʱ嶯Ȼϯ
Ҫ֪£ϯǳϰǰĴˣϯȥϰǰ״óԲ˶ߡ
Թﰮ¡
˵ϯ£Ҫվϯͷ
ǹúӡ
ʹߺҲæһĨЦҲһѣûe˼롣
ߣҶ룬йԼס˿ûӣ߷Ȼ
ݲӲӲͿϯۿ죬ʵϯС㣬ûe˼Ҫҡ
Ͱ͵ӣֻҪϯ˵ţͻᵱ޳
ϯϲС׻򽻵
ԸֱֱӶҲԸС׻̫


462 ˮ3

ϯʱƢĵͷ˵ûУǾûУҲһˣ˼һ׵ġ
ãа˼ҵ˵ģ۸һˡ
ʱЦˡ
ܽͳѿ
óָϯɲ۸˼һôңǳҵĵ̣ճɲ۸ô
Ҫȥǳһöˣ
ܽæһЦϯС㣬þôһпĵˣ˵Ļ㲻Ҫ档
Ȼתƻ˵˵ǽҪںôǿʼҲأ
㣬˵أڳҵСﲻǺϲɱϾǳ˵ĵ̣ΪˣҲþܾ
ֵ̫¾ϰˣóϰΪѡ
ϯһΪνֻǻźҲʲô
οĻôãﶼȲϣԣ༸˲Ҳûʲô
˲μӣһ׵ġ
λμӣҲУֻǻֻ׼ס￪ˣԥһ£վԼĻó˵ҪҲμˣ⻭ߣøܽɡ
ôСܽƴǣҷԸѾԤ׻߾ǣɽׯҴ˲ٻ߹׼໭ӣˣ׼ȹ
˵ţܽѾȥûˡ
ڳλСĵﶼ˵ˣϯͤһͺϼֻмҽųҼ˵
ڱϯһΣﲻټϯٻ˵۸һ˵Ļ
ûϯɴһԹ޵ȴʱʱľƮϯ
ϯҲô
ЩˣԽԽ
ǱܿЩĺãϾϰ˵ĵŮ㿴ϰ˵ϣҲһ˼ҡ
ο˼ֻ񹥻ֲȱٸ첲ȵģһ¾ˡ
㣬֪ǻǾȥӺˡ߷ߵĵһۼǻֵˣȻСıԹ
ϯﴽ䣬˵˼б㲻ȥġ
ҲǡƲƲ죬һ򲻶Ը·ҲһeһȥȻûһȥ
ǲ֪⼸˽Ҫʲô


463

ѵֻȤҪǵı
ȻֲɵοСһֱڴլԺȣٵҲо˳ܽ˵ĵ̫򵥡
С㣬ˡ
ʱžϲȵˣŶ߹
ܽͷԸǰںûߣȻＸ˵Ǵ㻭ʲôϼ߼滭
Ȼ߶źÿŴ
ɻϯóģΪʱӣóݲݣϼϯٻ˵һû
ĺɻĺܺãۼϼɫϣȴܽ߳ĴС㡣
ѵȴϲĵ㣬ĺɻÿһ͸Ұɣϲ
СԶİѺɻһԵϼˡ
ϯЦһѣҪϲ߾ǡ
лл㡣ѵֻȤҪǵı
ȻֲɵοСһֱڴլԺȣٵҲо˳ܽ˵ĵ̫򵥡
С㣬ˡ
ʱžϲȵˣŶ߹
ܽͷԸǰںûߣȻＸ˵Ǵ㻭ʲôϼ߼滭
Ȼ߶źÿŴ
ɻϯóģΪʱӣóݲݣϼϯٻ˵һû
ĺɻĺܺãۼϼɫϣȴܽ߳ĴС㡣
ѵȴϲĵ㣬ĺɻÿһ͸Ұɣϲ
СԶİѺɻһԵϼˡ
ϯЦһѣҪϲ߾ǡ
лл㡣
ǵǹĺһ㣬ܸ˵ķԸѾߵϯĻīˮ˺ղء
бۿһȵӣ޺޵ĵôҲҵĵճС㣬ȴͽһϲ̨仧ҵأ㶪ˣ
ޡҵ棬űڼأҾϲôˣҾ԰
ǵǹĺһ㣬ܸ˵ķԸѾߵϯĻīˮ˺ղء
бۿһȵӣ޺޵ĵôҲҵĵճС㣬ȴͽһϲ̨仧ҵأ㶪ˣ
ޡҵ棬űڼأҾϲôˣҾ԰


464 ˮ

λС״ҲǰȰţݣִܶˣοǹС㣬ִˣȥЦ
ЦЦС㲻±Цһӣҵ˻Цô
ߡ
Цֲٿ⣬ʲô
ɱûҲȴܡ
ԣԸЦҲҪ
Ա߼ѾҲȰһȺ֮ʣͻȻϯо˭ݺһѣͿƲסǰȥ
ǰ棬ȻǺ
С㣬Сġ
ϯƼһ󣬾ͨ˺С

ֻϯԭ˲ע⣬ȥ˭֪ȴϯһקסһ˺С
˰ϯСˡǳݵ
ѽһ˵ˣѩ㡭Ǽ넵ľۼĿ˱ϯקȥѾߵ
ѩ㣬ǳѾ֮һ
һƶѩˮʮ⣬æһѾ߷Ը𿣬ȥȥ
ǣС㡣
ˡ
㣬㣬ôˣţ㡣ﾪʧĺ
֮ȥϯȴƼһ£￴ƼƼˮС㻹ǴūȥС㡣
˵꣬Ƽȥ
ѩ㱻ϯקºһºüںˮˮƴ󺰾ˮϣθ䡣
òףק˺һ쵽ˮĴΪԼþʱ˭֪ͻȻһֻϵ˼£Ȼɣĳˮס
һϢѹܵҪſһ죬ȴ˼ںˮ
ϢԽԽܡ
ѩ۾ԼԼУŷ𿴵ϯһЦ
ͻȻ䣬ѩ޼ϯ
Ů˵ĴȻ˺һ
ˣҲԲŹ
ѩʶɢһ̣ϯȴδȥϯҪϯϯôǧһ֮ʣ֮С
ѩţҪϯһ
ֻϧþҲûһ˿һ
ܿ죬Ƽˮְϯ˳ȥȻϯ


465 ˮ6

ﾪϲæţ
ϯϵļλС״ҲæԳܽ˵˾䣬ãѩ㣬ȥϯ
Ȼˡ
ѩ㡭
ȻһˮĻĺֹͣҲ֪˶ٺˮѶǵϸߡ
һ˫۾ĴģһĿӣ}ŻڳСѾǡ

Ƽϯٶȷɿ죬Ƭ̾͵
ݺƼͷС㣬С㣬ūȥἸͰˮϴϴǺˮɲɾ
ƼȥˮȾæŰϯͷϵжȾ۵ױһƬҲģС㣬ѩǶСˣûжСķԸô㣬С㣬һΣū澴ˣΪСϣ˶С㣬Сͻ֣û뵽ľȻôݶҪס
ɽׯˮӺܶ࣬ʱȴ𿾹ȻǴһȥˣٶʮֿ졣
Ȼ⻤׼õģ͵ˮȥˡ
ϯһδĹС㣬һʪı׾١
һŮˣûףһ˻ȢΪް
Ҫϯһأ
жĳޣȻʹô񶾵ֶ˰
һƢȾҲˡ
ȾС㣬һǾͽѩȥԺϰΪֹ
ȾҲ˲ô»᲻ϰΪˡ
Ҳ˲ϰл᲻ῴϯ
ⶼҪˣڣùȥԺ󣬳ǸҪ䱾С㣿
ϯʪѣѩѾˡ
⡭ܰѩˮûãһϹȥˣѵȾ۾ϴ󣬶ʱˣϯŪѩ㡣
ϯߣӣϰ˵ϣû취ôһūţѵŪȥ
ŪˣҲû֪µ֡
ЩˣƼȾ⣬û֪ʵˮ
ʵˮ
ңǹºġ
ѩʱΪǳﱳﶯ֣ԣһӦǰˣһקС
ֻںﶯ֣Ųᱻ˿ңˮһܺõĽڡ
ֻϧ֮󣬲ſֵ˲ǳѩ󣬻ЩźһūţҲûŹԷ


466 ɽ1

㣬ôˣ廹ðɣѾȥˣܿͻġ
˽ϯ´һ
ǱһЩɫ԰һЩãûˡ
һ۾ŵôˣ֪֪㶼ˡ
СĵϯЦˣû£һţ˼ںˮѣƼңȻҾҪһӵĺˮˡ
㻹ЦҶҪˣʱҪƼңҾȥˣƼҲˮ
ϯֻѣͷʪģ͵Ȼ˵ˮҲɾ㻹ǿϴһϴeˡ
ʱ򣬼ҽҲ˽ϯһʺȻƼˮˣþ뿪
ϯϴ꣬»һѺɫˡ
Ƽȥˡ
ƼС㣬ڸղţСͶ̫̫ɽȥˡ
˵ѩˣϰˡ
ˣô飬ϰ˼ĴҴҸϹȥȻ֪ϯѩһ
ϰ˵ͼˡ
ϯˣŸպãֵլ˼ʮϰˣôû顣
ϰģ˰ѩʬɽׯѰһƫƧңԶСɽˡ
ȻѳȥԺݺѵһ٣˵ĿˣĺȻҺȥ
˵ί˵ѩľٶԼ޹أ˵˭ģ
ѩ˵ѾߣûķԸѩҶֺϯ
ңһֱԺԺˮô࣬ôô죬ͺ˸ȥˣ
Ծ˵ǰźõģ˵Ҫϯס
һûףΣ
ɱ˶ԷҪöԷʹ
γ޵Ŀ⣬һѣһѣϰҲû˴ʮӣȻһ£дŮŮٱ顣
֮ϰְѶ̫̫ȥһ٣˵̵̫̫޷Ŀ޳ɽû죬װȥ趨ʡһҲûŵĴڡ
˵̫̫Ȼһ飬ҲûƹܣͰѳ˴̫̫Ѷ̫̫ĹȨȫˣö̫̫ؼҾ£һ
ģ̫̫¡
ȻΪ˶̵̫̫Ůϰ˻ö̫̫ڣдŮŮһǧ顣


467 ɽ2

󣬻ɳѺͶ̫̫ͳȥڳල̫̫ܷ
ƼԼ飬˵һ飬Ȼֻĳһڣ˾䣬ãǶĸŮ͸ð򰤷ˡ
ϰ˶ԶϱŮһʴȣֻҪû£ٷǣɫ
һΣһٶĺϯϯףǳһ̫ˣϰ˲Żᷢŭ˶̫̫ͳ
ʱȾϯ߽С㣬棬ҪҪ

ǡ
Ⱦ̣תȥ˽
ţ͸ϯ񣬵ϰ˵СûԣūС㡣
ְϰ˷˳Ͷ̫̫飬˵˳
Ȼ£Ƕ̵̫̫޷ʹöС޷Ⱥ֮£ϯСίˡ
ϰ˷˶ϱŮҲˣȻͻԹ̽ϯ
ϯüۼ䣬¶һ˿УĵˣϰʹˣɲΪ²Уҵùȥ
˵ţҪߡ
æţϰҲϻˣЪϢվͺãСôľţúúūͲСˣūȥȰϰ˳Ե㶫ȻҪˡ
ϯֻõͷȥ
ߺȾС㣬£ү֪ˡ
ɽׯ飬ù롣
ⲻϣ뷹ûԣ͹ɽׯȥ̽ϰˣһȰ˵Ȱϰһ
Ȼϰ˯ˣ
ʱϯҲ˯£ʱϯ۾Ϊйһαҹȷľһأϯﵹǲˡ
룬ʵȥϰô
ţմӰǱ߹ȻڴСԲ£ȻһΣˣû뵽Ѿͷô졣
ǰŲźãּٴκ
ǳû뵽ϯҲû뵽
ΪץǸѾߺ󣬳ôҲẦ¼֣ᰲգҲ̫ˣ˵ϰϯǰ̼ʹȲգٴζϯ֡
ģһΣҲŹ
ԭһΣﺦϯ˽ţûŹֻǣûֽѵٴζϯ֡


468 ɽ3

պˣʱ򣬾ȥѵˡ
ڳΣϯﲻģЪϢպ󣬾ȥϰ밲ȻɽҪ
Ϊϰϱ֮϶ȻܺߣɵҲû˼ɽׯסȥ
Ҫɽϰϣһ˿ǸΣƽյί¹ңﰡͿӵϣҪԹҺòã
˵ǲҪԹңǳ
ҶϯжϯȻԹޡ
ϯһΣץϰ˵֣գϰΪһȦӣԹҴûԹңҲûԹϰˣҷмϰЩչˣֻǣϰˣʵûɽׯסȥ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôûǣǸúӣͷβ¶ίˣҳҽ̵޷Ȼ̵ôһĺС㣬ģѾԺٶ㶯֡
ϰѾɽͽﶨȥĽ޳ȥڳңǳʲô
ţͽӡҵүˡ
Ҫȥӡҡ
ѾͷĹŴȫӡҵѪ飬ĺĺڡ
ѾͷļױҹԤˡ
Ҽҹ棬ŮޣһǧӣŮޣ޼룬ȢϱҲһ
ЩޡߣĺѾͷٶ£һǮ
ǸŮֲŮҪðޣԼȥһ̵ģɹܲôࡣ
Լ£һ޵ĹŮء
˵ˣһ̵ģ飬ô
һĺѾͷһҪʲô飿
ϰԳǷŭ˼㡣
Ϊ˳ε飬ϰ˻Ƿ˿ڣ˴ȥȻС㣬ôżң
˭ȢС㣿
ϰ˻ͬ˷ϯɽ
ڶգϯɽǰȥϰ˸ʱϰȴóֽݸϯʱ䣬ίˣӣһҪ£ҳҸ񡣡
Ȼݳҹһɹӷ
ϯ󾪣æƴǵϰˣ̫ˣҲգûίҶԲϰˣΪңʹϰϱ֮϶ϰˣѶҡĲա


469 ɽ4

֮ĶԹȻǳȣƵ֮Ҳڃȣôİõϰôص
ա
ϰ˶ʱɬҾ֪Թûչ˺㣬ίҲգҳίԹ֣ҲӦõģǿΪһӣܻԹ̫뵱Ȼˡ
ϯܹϰ˼̾ȥæЦõĵϰˣûԹκˣûԹ㣬ϰˣɲԩңһô¾ǣ͵ϰ˶ҵ۰
ԭϯ˵ϰǰױ뵽ԼżҶûô˵׵͸˴ʶ
ϯˣϰ˾Цˣ鶼û죬ϯһһ㶡
ǲǱϰˣ
ˣʱ䲻ˣﰡҲˡĿĴﵽϰ˸ˡ
ϯЦ˼ҶౣӹǣϻسǺȥ̽㡣
ϰôصϯĶϰ˸Σŵϰ˻سǺ³ϰ˰ԵӸԣٸϰ˫ЬϰڼﴩЬ
˵Ь·
ǰҺϰ˴Ьġ
ϯɽˣϰ˸ŵһˣһװϰ͵ϰڹժļˮװһ
磬ϯͻȻϺһ
ôͻȻˣ˵ҪסǰôŹȥգ
һģϯɽׯʲô£˼Ҹϳˡ
ϯһЦ밢ˣȻϰһ䣬ɽˡ
ϯɽׯ£֪
ϯָźϣһĶϰװӻǿ϶Բ꣬һЩӾƺôʱھͿԺˡ
ȣǾ𣬰˰ѹӰȻ󣬿ϻд복һƥƥɫĳУûλϵ۾
ϵ⡭ϰôôණ⺢ӣôأ
ϰ͵ģĶҾܾˣҶˣҲˣʲô
ϯﵣȥҪ¶ţæת˻⡣


470 1

ȻһŮۺϾͷԸȥԸǰһ㿪ȻַԸƼȾ̺ϯȻСԷϢ
ϵˮ̧˳ϴ
ҶѵƷս˹пⷿڲεȶϾȥСԷ
ЩΣϰ͸ŮģȻŮĶȫŮԼš
ݿʮƥϣ۾ˣϲС㣬ЩӿƯɫϲء
һƥӣܼó߰˼ȹʮƥӣҵĸѽ㹻С㴩ʮġ
Ƽӵĵ㻹ΪС㻹ǰС㣬һҲܴһȹ
ЩӣҲ͹꣬СһˣܴܲʲôһɫɣʮƥϣСóһ·ӣʣµģҲֻˡ
ⶼǴС
Ȼ˭·촩һģȥñЦ
һûСˣǶϧóȥɣӲˣʮƥӣ϶ء
С㣬ɱϹ˵˵ǴҹС㣬ȥϣЦ
ƼݺݵһݣŵҲϵ£һϯŭ顣
ݵС㣬ȥɽׯûգͷһ¡
Ҳǰ̫̫ͻȻˣ˵Ǹϯﶨһ£ˣƸƸҲˣ˵ϯͬϲòģֻҪϯðüױС
ϯͬϣһ
ϯͬͼһҡ
˵ؼңؼүĲͷ˵ؼү̫̫Ϊͣϯ޹ȥŴĥ
ϯͬһزͷǰӣݳǴ÷зزͷһɵӶӵ飬İ̫̫ϳȥˣȻ˵ϯҷּˣϯҶӵ£׵˵㣬˽Զ£
үóּҵ飬ȥ峤档
һдţ󷿺ͶּҺ̫̫󷿵˲òӵ¡
үƾ飬峤棬ųȥؼûϯĸ
ʵϯĸһֱؼҵĸϺŪһ¸ⶼ
ϯİ֣ŮİֱţϯͬӦóȥû


471 2

ϲȥ
ؼҸϯҵǧƸϷһϣŻԸ棬ȥؼףЩƸҪ˻ȥƸҲҪˡ
õֵӣûȣҪûˣͺñ˳ϵ⻹Ҫʹ᲻á
ϾһѱһѵĿϯͬТҪȥٸϯ֮ͬ
ϯͬҪϯҶϾϵ
峤ҲϯСȥ޸һɵӣϯҵ棬ҪҪ
峤ԣ³ˣҪϯһ֧ˣȫϯҴ壬õʱǣϯˣ˱˳Ц
ϯҴûϯ֣ͬ;ٲѣٱȣû˵ıӻϯҴ󷿻ñ۸ȥ
Ų鲻ԸĴӦ˻Ὣû
С㣬վ̫̫ȥؼûظӣҲ֪ûûүҲȥˣûءֵ
ϯû뵽ԼȻôɺϡ
ϯһĨЦǵžǡؼҵĸֲġ
ǲ֪̫̫ؼҵĸģŮģ᲻ϸ
ϯ̵ĺųһļʱؼҲֵĲɿ
ϺϱˣȻؼҴ
һȥؼҵϯͬɵˣ㶵ĿŴһŵϱˣȻ󣬵Ӧͼװ㣬װɵۣʵǽһֻŮ˹ҧ̬ٳ
ֱһ͵̫̫³һѪϺͳϲֹͣ˴ܡ
һţ̫̫طϴذ塭ֱˣ̫̫ȻҡͷһϧҶ˵ˣ̫̫ⲡܲһһ⡭ˣϲ˼ˣزͷ㻹Ǿ簲Űɡ
Ͼ˼ҵļ£һ˵ˣҲãϴҲֻܿһЩҩӳ̫̫
ҲǼա
زͷɫɷףʵмգ
ա
زͷԣһĵʼٸߣҧгݵĵҪûСĸãͬ⣬ϯңҪؼһȻؼҵĻΣȥ̧ˡ
Ϻͳӣ׷ŹˣãҲ۸ͷ


472 3

ôϡӣҲԭޣؼҵĵĸôҲܱϯ󣬾ô赭дĹȥ
ҪҪ޽ؼңȻͺϯûꡣ
Ϻεö꣬ȻҲ˽εƢɭɭĶ֪εˡ
ӲͷƤӦ˾䣬һؼһϱ
Ȼ飬Ȼϯ˺
һףֵĲɢҲûˣ̫̫Ŀ
ϰһУﵽϯͬͷϣвϯͬҪϯ޽ؼҡ
ϯͬһⶼԼҼҰΪǱڹٴ򰢷⣬ҾȥҲҪ󷿵ȫһ޶Ůһ̫ƽ硣
洫һ㣬ɭɭģϻһѲ֪Ķذףǰ˻ΣŵɫɷףҲἰϯ޵¡
ϯͬ˼ʱ̫ɽˣѾǰʱ֣ʱϯҲոմӳŵ֪ؼҷ顣
ˡŮˣϯܸͬˣ˵ȥһôôôͻˣ
Ȼ׵ĵĻһģһ
밢ˡϯЦţ
ϯͬʹŮȥ鷿Ȼһһʮģϳµ飬ȫŮŮʲô֪£ϳŮ˸ˡ
ϯ˺һ̵ϯҴؼҵ£Ժ㶼Ҫٲˣ˭ǳģ˭ȥܣǶһֻҪƽƽĺúùӾС
ҪˣǳûԶԶܿĺãȻĻ¶Ҫǣȥˡ
ǳģǾԼȥ
ҲΨһܽˡ
ãôҲֱܸ档
ϯͬҲ֪²ýŮڵ򲻻ͬ޸һɵӣ£»е֡
ҲǶ¡
ϯ˵Į飬ϯͬȴʱͬ
֮ϯͬûȥ󷿹£ûȥһ䣬ֻȥæ
гڣϯﵹǶµĺ֪һ
ϻؼҺϱ˾ʹԹΪǮƣȻƵıŮͷϡ


473 4

ϽƱ磬˵ﰡҸؼҵģϯĸҲ֪Ǹôͱ˱ģǶӵĸηΣһٸӣҲƱ鰡
ޣΪ޺䣬Ҿͻ㣿ϯĸϣôõģǱĸڰϣͨˣܹΪ͵˵ɥĵǱǰֵŮҲƣ˵ôô񶾣
ûУûƱ飬ĸΪεؼңҲ֪
ޣ˭أ㵱ɵأңЩ꣬㰢û߰ˣΪҲֻ֪ǲͰ˺û˵¡
Խ˵Խߣ˹ȥֽϺݺݴ˼ƣĺס
һ߿ޣһߺԩɳýȥ
ֱϴˣ˽ѺȥңϯǸȻҲһȥˡ
ȻƱ飬ǵĳϺŭ𣬿ˣվҪ
᲻ýŮ޸һɵӣҵŮɲֹһˡ
ңϯ֪ԭɺһٰƣˣݺţһԣҲûţۿš
ֱϴʹ˹ȥϯĵŭȥһЩﻹǰϵһ֧˸ˡ
󣬳ϯĸŮ󣬾ϵֶŮ޵ؼȥ
ϵĴɩ֣ϲͬ⣬Ѿߴ޵ؼȥϯԹ϶ƣδ֣ͬϵ顣
֣Ϊ˱סŮֱӽϯҵ¸ˡ
ҵŮǾԲ޸һɵӣ˭ǳģǾ˭ŮȥޣСӲ˵Ů£ûŮټؼôǺãҶϯ£վȥ
˵ţϯõĸϯ͹Ķ﷭˳ݺ˳ϵϣԺһ֧ϯң졣
ϵĵʹ磬ϱô˵δֹ
峤ӡӡĵճŮպӡϯ㷢һ֧ȥ
峤һˣ붼֪պһ֧ӻĺѡ
һУΪϡ
㷢ѺͶƢõˣΪÿûдǵĵߣǲŻ޺󻹰Ȩҵ¡


474 5

һΣϵİĵ׶̲סϡ
أȻ㽫۰ĵŮͽ˵ڶϱ֣ϷӦ죬Ѹϯҵ£ѵԨҲһ˳ȥ
ȻϯŮŮϯŮ׽
ο±ϯҵ£ϯǵģ͸ϯȥƾʲôϯ˻ȥҵŮ
Ϊ˻飬ϯ˳ȥ
ϼˣϯв㷢һ֧ȫǵͷϯֲɵӣպ󣬱֪ˣֻӡ֮λҪȥˡ
ҵϵһɲֻӡһ֧
㷢һ֧Ҳǵϵһֻûռһ֡
ǣһӡ˲Ҽ飬ץס˰ѱôҲ
ο򣬻Ϊҡ
类ץˣ̣Σ±ҵĵλ»ῴ˲٣Ϊ˵ƣǳ˽㷢һ֧Ĵֻ˶᲻
˼ǵʧ֮ϯûӳϵĻȰ˵Ͻϯü޽ؼȥ
ϲֵÿֶŮôĿŰü޸һɵӣϯѾǰٰѰü޸һɵӣⲻ˸Ʋϯô
ôôƫģòܼ޸һɵӣҼޱܼ޸һɵˣ
ϯĵף׻ԹŮ¡
£ǴɩģԭؼҵľϯҵŮڲϯˣϯôѣﻹʲô᲻õģϯϯҵŮϯҲһϯ׵ŮͬϯŮϯܼ޵ãϯôͼ޲ã
ȻΪϯϲϯѪ⣬ϯȴǡ
ϯŮ᲻ý޸һɵӣԣ飬Ҳͬ⽫ϯü޸һɵӡ
ϯĵͬͬ⣬֮޹أϯҵ飬ǴɩģǾôɩԼΪ
Ҳϯҵˡ
󣬳ϴűιȥûѵϣסȥ˵ϯϯýһ˵ʤ
ҺϯùڳǰźŲϼ޸һɵӣҼ޸һɵӣһȥˣһҲùͶ±ӣҲϯͶ̥ˡ
˵ţҪײ


475 6

ۼֿѾӣæܹȥס
һϧĶ֣˵£Ҫ֣͹㰢ⶼ㰢ǳĻ㰢أȥˡ
ֵˣ¼޸һɵӣ
ȻҪǾȰǷϯʮ֮ˣҪؼȥϯңǷؼһ
ȻŮ£ȴòѺؼҵ½ˣȻؼǲưոݡ
Уһء
εŭϨһһȥϯͬйŭô죿
Ϊ˶ӣֻŮ
ȻĵײᣬҲòᡣ
ϯõûײӡ
󣬿޿ϯãͱؼҵĻ̧ȥؼңؼ̡
²ʣ²δ죬δ룬ϲδֱؼҵĻΰ̧¡
Ǽȥؼޣȴļ́һϯĵ׸ӲʲԸ
ϯøԹ޵ǣ󣬾Ȼʲôû˵Ĭ޸һɵӵ顣
֮ҲֻǱһЩֵǮļױ
ؼƸ񣬾ȻˣǧƸڡ
ǧƸֻѹסϯ룬ͺŭĲС
ⶼǵĻﺦƸƸҲҪ£װô
ڻϵϯãһΣϣĺޣ޲ԼϵŮ޲Լϵĳˡ
ؼҺ󣬶|||ҹϯõ᲻ȥĬĬᣬźޣۣһɵѹһϡ
С㣬ϯؼҵ£޻ͷˣǲҪعεĊ|飿
ϯü޽ؼҵĵڶգƼ˳ϯ
ϯһҲʱˡ
һϯԭֻԼҵİӣûѴǰĳ޼ǵҲûȥ󷿵ˡ
ϾǰҲɱ˴󷿼ʮˣΪԼ˱˳
ǰǰˡ
κδ󷿵ϲһٶˣ͹ֲԴ󷿵˻ػ
ԸţϡϯԸ
ƼӦһǣܳȥˡ
պ̫̫ڰסˣؼҹ˰籣ã˰¡
Ϣϯͬġ
ϣһ⣬ϰŮӶ˹ԷԷҵȣϯͬҲû


476 ϵ³1

ֱҹĻ٣ϯ̤ͬźҹˡ
ϯͬһţ޶ڵԷǸεĵģʱؼȥ˹ײľȥ˻ǰߵӣҪˣƹò⣬Һȥ
⡭̫̫ˣϴ󾪵
ϯͬţ̧һɼľףʮӣϯдһǷ
̫̫ˣؼȥľȴϯôȥϯҹײľˣýֺͷ붼֪ϯǲӡ
ϯͬɲɵӣϯҴ󷿵£ܣοһ޳ȥֶŮ£ϯͬӲԸܡ
ϯͬϸľϯõû취ֻĻؼңϯá
ϯøոεǰºڣ˵ϯҹײйľҪؼҸӣϯͬȴ˵ľ˶ϯöʱϯͬ
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477 ϵ³2

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478 ϵ³3

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һϣ˵Ժӵ£ᡣ
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479 ϵ³4

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һҲŮŮҵĴϵĶڿ˽һµ˵ֱˮ
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ε˯ţͱĶˣ봰󣬵׾ķҪʱεŭˡ
εæһѽϴӴקѹŭ𣬡ʱʲô
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˵ţϾεȥεɣҲ֪ӵ㻹ڹңҲǹģҲû뵽ӹôҡ֪ĻͲźϯ֣ͬ˵˵ȥǹϯͬҪؼûϯĸ°
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ϵĿߣεԭҲϴζԣ֮˲֪ĵĵ˴ϣȻ˹|֮¡
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480 ϵ³5

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481 ϵ³6

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ССɺôҲǳ˼ҵС㣬ڳ˼ʮ꣬δϲ£ˣԼˣҪȥ˰ۡ


482 ϵ³7

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483 ϵ³8

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εµ֡ƼεҲûõȥ͵͵书ֽŽѾһˣū澿ӢǶ˶á
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484 γ̷

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485 ϯ1

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486 ϯ2

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487 ϯ3

ϣ̫̫Ъţĺɸݺˮ̫̫Сôãһˮ˶ûУū澿ģ󷿣ĿҪ
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ϯŵã˳
ϯһοϯô
ϯͬΣ͵˱ݣϯݣϯñݣټһݵϯ÷˵ϯҶˣΪϯĵճŮϯҲһʶҪˡ
Ļ£ҲҪˡ
ûһ˼ңϯҴ󷿽ס
ҲûһˣԸϯֺͬ׼ҡ
ϯᰵ£Ҫˡ
ԣǰױȵϯᰣȴβˣǰһֱϯҲǰ˵ͷҿϯһۣ»ῴг
һһӣϯᰶ̧ͷˡ
ڣΨһ֧ϯᰵĹǣֻгϡ
ϷҵĿŵϯᰣŵϯֱޣΪϾͻôչȥ
ֱϲˣ³һϯᰲţֹͣ˿
ϯᰵ֣û£ģʱˣϯңٲҡ
Ϻף£һ£ôңˡ
Ϊ֮󣬻ȥϯҵڣһһϯ֧
ϻˣϯ÷ȥ˳Ը׼ˣϯ᰺ϣϯȾȥԺ
Ժ˸ֽլӵĲϣǳңû½ŵĵطϯֻȥ˺԰
ߵһͤ棬ͤʹϯôˣôЦģ
ʲôЦ˵ЦҺ£ΪʲôҪϯﲻмƲƲ죬תһطȥ


488 ϯ4

Ťӵ죬ûȤ
˼ȴŹ
ϯزΪ㣬һбܵĿ࣬ΪʲôңΪμȥؼҵ˲㣿
ϯ׷
ϯüһЦ£ҺθɣӢĻεЊ飬Űϯ϶ɵӣ֮ôᷢһУ
㲻ȥӢȴһ޹֮ˣôǿҺ۸ϯǰĿ䶢
ϯؿ˳Ұ˵ˣؼҵĸģȴģ˵ǿò˳ۣҪ飬Ҳ£һǶ˶ʲôֽţŰĸ˱ĸʹҰġ
ҰﵨٴҲƱ飬⹫һ˻أҰﲻ᲻⹫һȥģأϯ˵ǲȥؼңѸˣ
ϯȻڿޣ۾ȴϯϯֻǣʧˣϯһֱ絭ģ˿δ䡣
ϯ˵ţܻӢҽô˵ıӲģҲˮҼã´ͷβҼ޹أҼҲǱӢ۵ġ
һһӢеϯĻͣϯﰴڵϴһ١
ӢٲԣҲϯƾʲôûûСֱ
ϯﲻͿ
ϯһϯ־Ҫȥͷ
ϯ书ɲǰģϯһϯþΪ˵̫ͣһգˤһʺѱӶˤˡ
Ѫ£ŵһԵѾӾʧ롣
ϯøоȵĶ̧һѣһֵѪŵҵҵˡ
졣ϯһǱӳѪ˶ѣ޽ʲô
ȻԸϯõѾߣӷӶסǿס
ϯñѾ߲ˡ
һͨϯҲûȥˣȾԺ
Ͽڴӭϣ˯ĲվڴβĸȣǰԲϣϯһӼǣģŷǴһ㣬Ҫ˯˯ġ
Уһ̫ʦϣĺŻ裬ϯ÷ĵģԼһ飬һĺĳԡ


489 ϯ5

迴ϵɣҧгݣȴŭԡ
ϯһţͼһ˫Թŭ۾
ϯһɣ裬֮ǰҲûʣ̫̫úõģôͻȻˣ
֪ϯϯǰ¶˿ֻСӦţذС㻰̫̫Ǳӵġ
ǺǣҴ󲮱ץ̶̣ûȴһظŮ˸ˣ˼˵ڰ̵Ҵ󲮻һϯݳŵҪ
ߣҿҪÿ
һūţҲҿӣ˭ĵӰ
ϲŮһΪĲʹ죬ȴ֪ϯҴ󷿣һҪŮҪ֧ŮŮҪʲô
˲豭裬裬̺̫̫ʮˣôЩ̫̫꣬ûɣô˵̫̫̫̫ôѹأ
迴һ۳ϣԭ˯۾֪ʱѾˣĶˣ̫̫ūûЄe˼ūֻʵ߰С㣬̫̫ȷʵΪӲظ˵ģūû˵
Ŷû˵Ǿǰ̵Ӣȷʵȴ󲮻Ҫ󲮱ץʱ̿ûôع
˶٣ϯﻹӳһѵӣֱϵӣլŻ𣬰ø类ݣһϢʱҲûôݣ˵ڰ̵ϯκһˣûӢҪ
ôϲŮΪøȢһŮ£˵øöˣȻòˣϯһ֧ĵҪø紫ȥøĻ£̲úĥһ˵һ֧ϯҵϵһҪˡ
ϯգգ۾Цſϡ
ϱһȻ¶һ˼ı飬ϯͳûӢظԲϯңϯںݳǶ˴£ϯҾͲôˣ̣ƢãҲƯָܸǣǶżҵĺͣ簢ȥΪø飬ҲҸϯҵĲô˵ҽû̵õӢ޵ϯǷϯҵģǰ޸ø磬ҲҾܾ
ϯһȫˣԭ㿡˧ϣӿݣȫǱճẉ̂ʮֲֿ}ˡ


490 ϯ6

ٳ΢е˼ңԸ⽫Ů޸ϯ壬οϯͬϵһһϯպȢϱ
ԭ㣬ϯȢϱͶ໨һӣȥ¸Ȣһũϱ
ֻҪԷף㣬ʵС
˵ˣȢһũϱҲʡӣϯҴ󷿣òӡ
ϯһ⡣
飬ҲٴΣȷʵһ֪ĺùùǿ˲֪ٱµũŮȣһϣһ£㡣
˵ȷʵǷϯһϱΪȥף˲Ҿܾ
ɫ˻⵹һ£˵˰˳ǣ֪ȥ
Ǻð죬ȥǣǴ֣ҿ϶֪ġϯ֣ϵҡ
ˣֱӣ裬ȥ֣ʣe¶ݡ
ǣ̫̫ģū֪ô蹧ӦһȻɬһϯ͸ȥ
ϯҲɫĪĶϯоϯ仯̫̫ࡣ
ǰϯﻹһˣƽʱ˴󷿵ˣǰ˵Ǽ跮ӵˣҲ᲻̧ͷۡ
ڣϯﲻɨѴˣ̣ߥŰȥ˵סϯǰǰϯ
һˣôͻȻôࣿ
ϯ벻ףǰϯϤҪΪϯǼٵġ
ϯûϯĿ㣬Ц̣ϲ㣬ܿҪϱˡ
ţ㼪ԣһӣù·̫ˣҲǸðһϲ磬һùˡ
һ뵽ãܱӣ͸ооˣ֮ǰӣоһ롣
ϯˣϯֺͬϯǱˣѾˣֻҪϯǶûӣôϯҴ󷿾ͻϣ
ڻʮ꣬ٶʮ꣬ܰȢϱ֧ϯҵŻ
ôһ룬񶼺ˣϯҲ˼֣ĵĻ֣ϯȥ̼ˡ
̣ҺͰͻȥˣøĻ¶ҪףʱҺͰﰢһøĻ¡ϯЦ˵


491 ϯ7

ô㰢̳⣬ϯȢ飿ϯⲻҪһ𣿡
ȥϣϲͬĿϯ
ϯƣ˵ҲһƵģҪǺƣμ޸ɵӵ˾Ͳϯã飬֪֪治֪ģϿźãʲôɫ˭Ҳ
˵ˣǰϲø磬Ҫ޸ø磬ֻӢһֱҵļûͬ£Ȼϯϱ
ǰ޸ϯˣ顣
ټ޽Һȴе֪ԭü޽Ҹڤ|޵ˣ飬
£ϯѰģϯǴϯ÷ģöҪʸң᲻ԼıŮʹ⡣
˵Ǽ޸һˣҪҪĲϼޣ۵ĸϯҪϯ޽ҡ
ʱϯոճ˼ʹ࣬˶ûӴѹϯϾֽ޽˳ҡ
Ȼ޽ҺĺܺãûгԿ࣬ϰ˴ŮһãǣǼסϯ˵ĳ
ǰΪȫ˱ֻɱϯҴһˣȴŹϯúȺˡ
ҲûΪԼȥǰ֮𣬲ôһᣬҲŹ

صҺϯͬѾˣϯ˭Ҳûϯ£ֻ˵˳ϵĲ鲻ء
ϯͬ͵ؾͺãڵϯҴ󷿣ҲһĲۣȻ󷿾ˡ
Ҫ꣬ʣһӵţʱֻҪǣˡ
ϯͬϲٲֹϯҴ󷿵飬ﵱȻҲϯҴˡ
ϯȴ֪Ҫ˶ãϯͬ־ܴӴʱϯҴ󷿾֧Żˣò֡
СԷϯڵ£ϸϸ˼ôϯ峤˵λ
ǰ֮Ի޸ڤ|ޣϯĻһ֡
ˣлᱨϯһŹ
С㣬ˡŽ
ϯ񣬿ʵƼɻˣ
ûķˣϣƼūϸˣδ˵ʲôʱ
͸㷹ˣȥɡ
ϯ˰֣ʾȥ


492 ϯ8

ڶգʹ㷢һ˵ŵ㡣
ϵϢ󣬶ر죬磬ýһҶݡ
լӣҶոոǺõլӣǰһԺӣطԺӴԺǽߣլӶ࣬Ҳٵӡ
ڣլӸũ壬ֻǸլӣΧԺǽδȥ¥̨ͤȷӵĽȻֻࡣ
ʲô裬˵ʲôףʲôף֣ϲŵĵ衣
ޱĵǼ̫̫˵ˣңǷϯһϱⲻūýס
Ҳͬ⡣ϼŭҵŮɲܼ޸һȥǼ̫̫Ҽϱ붼롣
ϯ˻ݺΪĸ֣ϵһʱȥϯҴ̽ϯ壬ϯſֲҲ֪ϯһǻˣԣҲͬ⽫Ů޸һֻһӶڼķ
ŭĵ֣ϣŭ׼̫̫£Ĺ⾰ҼҴүԸȢС㣬Сĸ
Ҽ飬Ҫݸ֣ŭԸ޸һʳũҲὫ޸һһӼùˡ
֣ϼͬ⣬ͺЦҴý㽫Ů޽ϯңǷϯһϱ㲻ԸҲԸ⡣
Ȼû¶ŭ㣬ҼҴүĸѾˣǰСĸҲóǲãҲûϵҼ̫̫ҲСİ֣ʱ򣬲һŸǡ
˵ţϵһӣϡ
պ󣬰ʮģϯһ̧ӣ̫̫˵ˣòŸðױϾǱ˸ϳˣϿ϶ԣҼ̫̫ۺã˵ƽûױ
Ƹ£ȴһֲᡣ
ߺ֣Ͼ̱ڵϣޣݳĺŮǵĻ£ȴҪҵȥҵ鰡డ

С㣬̫̫˵үĻ£Ͷպ󡣡
ϯҶϯڹԷϳ緹Ҫ˯ݾϵ˳
ϯùһۣЦ̫̫Ķͦģȥˣ˵һȥ
Ըһ͵ȵķ죬͸ˡ


493 ϯ9

ʮһգϯҶˣϯϣϯͬˣľͳ˷һ£ȥʤμϯĻ硣
˽µƺ󣬳ϵİ̺⣬ϯѾõĲˡ
ֻǣϵİ̺̫ˣϯǷ࣬Լ˭ҲüһٷˣС͵ſڡ
գϯȴܸˣһûԣͻһϲϴһֻ֣Ȼ߳δ̤һķš
ĺܾ£ȻǷɫģϣ¶۾ӣͣüëԶԶȥȻ١
ϯУݺݾһϯϵ֣ãֱϯϣȥˣϯﻹЩӦ
ֱ˳ϣϯЦʣ̣øϵ֣̫ˣԺ֣øҲհԼڷˡ
ýɣøƵġҲرá
ܲôˣҪӣˡ
˵£öлϯ
ϯϯ£ȻҪϯ˵һϯ岻ͬ⣬ΪԼ˿ɰСһӡ
ǰϲϯ壬ʵϯҲϲ飬ңȥףֻϲͬ⣬¾һֱ
ڣϯ屻ˣ뱻ÿ»ŵã´ӱУῴĺ¡
ԣϯͬȢá
ϯ˰취鲽һڲһ뼡ɫĲϯһ֡
ΪϯԷȣϣϯ٣c۾Ͷ䡭λá
Ϊϯüëջˣֺϯ᰻ΪϯһԻüë
ȻŻЩŤܱһİ̺ȥҪõöࡣ
ϯܸˣϲӦȢ顣
ͬʱϯϯҲимŵϯᰣպޣһðһݷļױ
ýɣ̫ˣøϣļһϸ֡ϯЦţϯ᰼䡣
ϯü֪ϯҪʲôϷ
ԴӴ˺֮ϯʲôʱ򣬸󷿵һɫ
ôҪƴʲôɣ


494 ϯ10

ϯôһ룬ϯͶһ˿ϯԽǸԽҪϯԶԶġ
˼οϯΪֶαȲϯǸˣʶʱ񣬶ݷϯͶűţϯԶһЩ
ϯǸһϯҪȥ󱻰̽㡣
ý㣬ȥҲȥ
ϯҪߣϯæ׷ȥ
ϯ᰻ͷȥ·ûûõĵطһȥС
һھܾϯĸ档
ϯƲƲ죬ʧðɣȥͲȥȥҶý㣬ˣҽջûýأýȥĶˣ
ñ̷˽㣬ͲҪȥˣüˣȥұ棬Ӧں԰ͺɻ
ϯ˵꣬ûϯٿڣ˾ˡ
ϯϯ᰺ú˵˵ģɩദ֮
ֻǣˣϧˡ
ϯﲻȥ棬ͻݡ
Ŀ˲࣬ϯ⣬Ҳϯϯ޽ãŸŮˣӡθ߲æû
̼Ҳֻˣǳϵĵܵܺ͵ãϹϵһЩᣬܹʮˣЩ壬˿ûٲˣ෴ܺãܸˣãѯҵ顣
ϯ÷û֣ϯϯ޶ڣöͷͷƺ˵ʲôܣλ˵
ϯȥߣһ˵ԷҾһ㣬ѾͷСڿܸɣ£ֵأֲˣʲôҲǼһЩһ¶ʮˣʮĶˮ˰գʣµʳһӵģ˵ܶӸȢϱⲻ淵İ˸ڴһΪСȢԷֻǣԷҪĶ࣬ſھǶʮӡȫϵһӶܲʮӣ淰òôӣŰ淶ȥ淵Ĳ񣬸СȢϱã̳ԣֻҪõóʮӵĲ񣬾ͽ淶˭
˵ϳĻͶ˵ˣһˮưư죬ѾͷίʵһùֺÿڿТ˳ֻϧûʵСӣȻĶ˵ҵİ
ϯ֪ԭλڸ˵ء


495 1

ԭμӣܹȥֻ̫һӣ£ĸȢϱĸϱҲȫҶʮˣͼס߷éݷ£ҲֻʣôһۻţʮˣһֱûȢϱӵĸηΣôöӵϹⲻһΣģҪŮĲ񣬸۶Ȣϱֻǣũ£Ȣϱһ㶼ǶӣģҲʮӣۿϵĹһھǶʮҪ۸ߣ淵ĲҪʮӣĶũ˳ģⲻϧѰ˼ţһģ˼ȥҲҰʡ
ҼҰС˵ɡϺƢĻȻľܾ
ɫ˽˵Ҳ󣬽ʮ꣬˵ˣȶףܸˣٳףҼǵҰҲʮ˰ɣѾСˣԶϱˡ
ʮ꣬ĲϱͶлɩĺˡһ˵ȥı飬񣬶˼֡
ﰵһ䣬ʶ̧٣ȴЦЦ˵淣Ҳһˣ֮һĸܵܣСĽ£ĸܵܣһִţҪһ˵ķϴһ˵·ũæ˫ʱҪŴһũʮ꣬ͱܸ˵ĹﻹܸɣμҴ壬ûһˣҪҪĲʵ̫࣬ûõĳȻѾͷĳܸɣĶֵõҽܸ
˼ܰ淽ܸǰĸ
ɫʱÿˣҼҰûɩȥѰһиүȢλ淹ɡ
㡭ϱôʶģҪϲϣĶҪƿڴ
ôˮ˵˴죬û뵽ⰢϱȻβ
ˡ
ϯɨһȻ£Ϣ䡣
ϯҶסԺӣϵӣϣһһãʮˮһ˼ѼľׯӡӣԽԽùҲѹ֣ᱻ˵ϡ
ǣȻ˼ҸôôҲһõĹɣôϲ壬ȻϯҶĴүһã


496 2

ðɣãҲǴóҲǴãһ˶Ǵ񡭡ǣȴΨһĹ˵ĸα
ʱ㾡ȫðױ
һˣﶼǺˣԣϲһ
淣̼ܸɳŮȥСȢϱ飬˾ͲǸġ
˼淳ʱһǮױûУˣжҪϸӽܸ
ѵΪӹǲӦȢһۣﲻ̴ܰĥĴã
ȻһѪ棬ʹ˲ϣ˦ϣһܾԷ鷳
ϱ㡭
ˣˡ
ٽ˵ˡ
æȥſڷűڣ׼񣬻衭·Цյڴ˽á
˦ľpȥ濴֡
ȴϣ˵淵£ϱ֪Ǹģ͵ǾȾǿĺӣͬ°ɣȻ̻Ὣʲôء
ɩӣ淹ٿҲΪͽҶӵĻ㶨ȥϷʤɩӼȻôͽҵֶˣҼǵֶҼҰһ˻ͬһ·ݳأôϲ淹Ǿֶϱˮõһ׮ϲ°
ϱ˵ʲôֶôҲҵĴүôȢһûϱ㡭
ͻȻ䣬һǵͨ죬ⲻ룬ҲǴóӦòῴ淵ĳԣŻŽܸҰϱ
ˣɩ˵ˣҼҰСȲϱɩǸ淹ɡ
Ҳȥˡ
˵˲ɩΪ˰ƸҰȻֱ˵ǴáǴôˣˣ
ûģûģûģǴã£
ŶҵĴүȢã±ЦҰȢ
ҰĵճӣϯҶĴүֲǺôȢһ
꣬ҪǳǺϯסϯͬĻ£ôϯͬȢһϱ


497 3

ϯͬȢ֮󣬱Ц
ɲ밢ҲϯͬһЦ
οɩǻﻰ˼ڼۣһɲȢһȻմȾһѪ档
¾պ󲻸ɩˣ˼ء
ϯ׷ϣֱۣο
ź֪ķΪȻŮˡ
ЦԺҲԶһ㣬˲Ǹõġ
ϵҲϯ£ʱϯһЩõˡ
ϯֿЦ֪£ҲϣҾܾףԺǡ
ĸŮΪܾ¾ˣû뵽պеŮȻεϯҶĴſڡ
֮£Ҳᡣ
ӺܿͽˣϯŰЦǺǵļԣӱϯǣ˻Σż衭ݡ
룬ͱţȥ˾ĸ¹أݳ԰ݣȻϯ彫ǣȥ·
ϯլδãϵ˶סǰԺϯ·ҲǰԺһ䷿߼͵ˡ
˽·һȺֵҲӿ·һˣڴϣһλ΢ֵĸˣһѣЦӯӯ߶ȷǣӡ
ϯ޶һ̽ӣ߹ȥ
ڸ˵ָ£һӣһڣӽεεӦһҾֺǺǵЦ
ϯҲ˳ǣЦôúЩԾ
ﲻԾأ
ϯϸϸţ˰죬뵽ӵòƲԾҲǽεεģӵһǣȴûôǡȻһ֣ϯǡ
ǵˣͷ
ϯۣŴźͷ￴˺ð죬ֱ·ϯﻹӵ顣
Ⱦȥ·ҷЩԾ˲ע⣬ϯԸȾ
ãϾͿϲˣСȥ̫̫ɣ̫̫ٱǸ˲ϣǸˣûġ
Ⱦеĸˣָ
ϯһЦ
ϯʱŮߣ̫̫һСһϯϵ֣ȥ̫̫ԣѡһԶλģɫͺˡ


498 4

ϯĸŮû㣬ϯЦӯӯ˵˼仰ȥ˸ڣ档
Сһܹˣ飬ϯϯᰣϲڳϵһŮӨӨϯ÷ݺӨӨͶϯҴ󷿵ĹϵҲûϯ
þûˣ˵ȥ˷ɽģǲģϯ£ϲ
ϯţġҲܣûʲôġ
ô˵ȥûգͱɽˣǲ˳ˣ
ϯԣ̧ۿȴϯҲ¶ϲһĺ飬Цֻţڷɽ϶ģڳȣ̫Тˣԣڷɽס˼պҾųϰɽϰǸˣɽʱһ
ɽʱһؼҲܣòֻǣڷɽϷ飬ȴһ䲻ᡣ
Ǻǣϰͷ˿ڣǺݳǴ˳лϰ˲ҵĹϵֻ½ֹڴˡ
ԣҲϲϯ᰼ˣ˵Ĳԡ
ϲһʧΣĲǱϰ˸ɽģûƭǣ
ϯ˵ϲһ顣
ϯ￴£ɸѾȥܲƭʲô
ϲڨڨЦǺǣҡⲻ˶˵Ǳϰ˸ɽô
˵İɣ
ϯ﷭һۡ
ζϯͽʳԣִеףҪϲϯˣٿʲô
С㡭
Եһ룬ƼͻȻ˹ϯԶ˼ʲôϯﴽ΢䣬£лġ
Ƽ˵Ƴ̷˵ʧˡ
̷ȥסׯϣһ񣬶߸һЩׯΧƼȥˣ˺üգûҵֵĻᡣ
ȥԷɣ²ˡϯ
ǣС㡣
Ƽһ񣬾ȥ˳ҳԵġ
ûãƼֹˣɫЩÿ
ٴϯԣ˼䡣
ϯɫ΢΢һ䣬˵˾䣬ܡ
ǡ
ƼҴҶȥ
鶢ϯʵãͶ˵ʲôҪȥǲ˵ʲô£


499 5

ϯ¿ӣƼˣȥóԵģȴûƼòȡ͹ңȥҷˡ
һţֲȥ͵ĸ˳ԲôƼһ¡
ôУƼūţôܺһԡϲƲƲ죬Ƽͬһʳ
ĵһۣһ䣬
˼ƼǳҵˣūţҲЩСССݸ߹
ƼһԷ˵ʸϳңʱƾò˵ܺͳҽء
˵ҵүүûףͲţƾòܹһ
ԼСƣֻϧƼѾˣʸϳҵĻᡣ
ƼٳʱƼͱֳֵ飬ֺãڣ۵İԼϲһֻ͸Ƽ
Ƽһ±ƣС㣬޹»ôصū澿ɲա
յյģҰãôõչˣҴлǣӣһҪ¡
ƸƼ
Ƽ˳ǣҲǸɵȻϸӸǺǡ
Ȼ˼ҷҪͣƼƴ˼£ͰȻˡ
ӣҪײҪ
ƼǺǵЦˡ
ʱѾͻȻ̫̫ˣˣӳԻ˶ӣ㶵ˡ
ˣճ극ԵıģһѾߵĻԺһ£ҲûĵİѸճԽȥķ˶³
ɫҲʮѿѾߣȵ˵˵ʲôȥ
Ѿŵãһˣ˵ʲôˡ
֮󣬳ϸʹһɫĵĳˡ
úЦŻˣڳ϶ߵ˵˼ʲôͼһЦάֲס齩ӲĲУȥ飬ô¡
Զϯоҧгݣοˡ
˿Ķ֪ϯұݻؼҵСӳʲô°˷׷׸ߵѾʹɫƬ̺󣬾ͽڳѾӡ
ϿˣҲֻõûάЦȴ޵ҧһ
ûã˾֪ô¡
ԭϯϯҳ˺öóԵģϯ̰죬˶˲ٺòԼԡ
û꣬ͶۣϯŶӣȥéޣֻǣûȵéޣڰϣϯþ˳


500 6

ǳζͱˡ
˭˭ġ
⻹㣬ϯһ󣬾ûûˣһֱϯö߿ˡ
һӣİȥéޣéϴŸɾˡ
ֻǣ»·ϯãȴȫ뿪éޡ
벻
̫ˡ
һֱͣ
ǻϢ˸飬
ϯãһ󣬳׳ˣӴ֮󣬻˳֮ΪŮ
ϯҳ£Ҳٴȥ׷ǡ
ҲöˣͣԸ跮ӵͿ͡
ϯϯ޵ˣˡ
ǣϯϣҲǵ̣ɫˣҺͰҲûȥˣڼңǲġ
ȥɡ
鲻ãҲûһ˵鷳
ʱϯһϯͬԼһȥʱϯºƼȾ˵Լһϯͬһ
ϣһϧϯͬϯǺӣ˽֮ºպټޣֻ²ס
ޱͲףοһϯзļױзͼļױԸȢģȻҪټŵԵģѡ
һ룬Ҳǡ
Ϻ˲ǳŮǱˣϯòż꣬Ҫһֱڼһӣôذ
һҲ޴ǰԶѹϯúϯˡ
ôһϯúϯһԽá
ϯͬҲֶŮۣҲȥûȤ£ԣ۹ۣҪֶŮպɲӦ
ߣϯͬ߶ϯϯᰵ£һϣƼԼĽµкҩǶҩߣգҪģԼ
ԭǰϯܣˤһӺ󣬾͸ӺϯųýϯҰϯʱúóϯһ
ϯȥͶĥ飬ȻϯͰѳ˶ǲߣȻȥкҩ
˭룬һĻȴȥҷԵƼˡ
ƼûݾߣʹҴһϯ
ϯҲ֪ϯµǶҩʲôģֻϯܣǣƼԭ÷ָˡ
ûãϯú°Ͷкֹ
£պᣬү̫̫֪ϯﶣƼȾˡ
ӦǣȻȾСֵ¡


501 7

ū澽ȥʱǡ·ûˣū澾ͲڰУһƷ磬Ǹͷū澿ǲ顣
ʲôȾ˼ǣϯҴ󷿵ˣҶˣˣӣ˴ˣƼ𾪵Ĳ
֪յĻ£лĻ
ȾһЦŵС˶ԷԾŷܡ
Ӵι϶|ϯ巢ȢĲǿɰıãһİŮʱñ
˵ţƼˣУϣҵȥϯı飬жྫʣгϵġ϶Ҳܺÿ
ţȥɣˡϯ֡
ϣƼȾˣ͵͵ȥϯҴ󷿿֡
ֱڶգϯ緹˲˳Ļˡ
ǺǣС㣬ϣʤϷʵ̫ˡһţƼȲ
Ȼ󣬲ϯʣƼͰϯҴ󷿷˵ˡ
ϣ򷿼谵ټϺͦƣУϯ岢δӵԺӶ˷
ֱ糿ϯԭɰıãȴһˣžӱˡ
ֻǣӱ黹ƯҪģӱ鶮ģֺˡ
ˣŮһǺͷ̵˸߳ļ֮£ϯͳױˣʹϱ
ֻǣ֪ҵϷˣҪͻȥȢ顣
ˣ޵ǽһ滨꣬ϯĶˣ§һϸĺţὥֹ
ϯϱ󣬾ȰϢˡ
һΪϯ룬ֻǽһҹϯͱϱĻûˣȻʲôһŮ˵ĻĳҪϯ壬Ҫϱȥ
֮ϯҴһϣ󣬳ûϱĲ裬Ҳʡ˸ϱļ񣬵Ҳ˵ϱȢĻ
ǺǣҰﻹأһϣΪγϻ˹˵һ˹ȥײˣԭǴˣϱˣ͵͵̧ţ͵Ȣϱ飬ȳ²֣εҹȥ
ֻǣû뵽ӲϣƣûʩչͲ֮
ȥͲȥҰҲʡ˸ֶϱļ񡣡ϯ˵
Ƽ˵С㣬ȥˣŮҲҪλүء


502 1

ΪøǶļ񣿡ȥҳԿ
ϯ򴽣ǻûԷɣȥԷȥϼȥׯ̽⹫ȥ
С㣬Щģϴ̫̫סر𰮳̶֡Ƽ
Ƽָ̫̫ϡ
ϯЦеӦãһģÿװʣµģԲϯϳԡ
ƼȾȥ˳Էϯ﷭һǰİ¾ϸ޲ѳϣҲȥ˳
棬ڰ±һԵľ˺üϣ̶ɳ춹ɳ̵ƣ÷⣬ʹ顭һаڶ
ϰõ±ģѹƣѹһƯ±ΣȻһԵϡ
Ѿʮѹõ±±Ի߸±ģߣ϶£ɹŮ»ٹȡ
ϯ߹ȥЦ裬ѹ±ȥ
꣬±棬ѹģ꣬ʹˣѹģЩģѹʮ±ͷͳһȺ
ϯ͹ȥĻ
С㣬ѹģҪū󣬻ūѹģȥ̫̫±
裬һѹģˣƼȾѹѹģòʲô
ϯ裬ȥ߰±
ϵ裬ģء
ðɣСĹģūˣС㣬Ҫˣͻū
ãˣЪһЪڰ
˵ţϯһɹģߣʼѹ±
ϵǶһЩһˣЩȥϰ˳ԣ뼾СǱߣҲЩȥɽϣûչ㣬Щ±ȥл⡣
˶٣ֵүǱߣһС±ȥ׵㰢ȥ㰢ûȥӣ鷿̵ء
ϯһѹģһ߶߶
ϲ߶һЩҳ̣ϲ˴ܰա
ƢӦãװ±ʳУҶ˲٣㹻ã͵Ȱõ±ء
±ѹģ󣬻ҪȥˣȻ󿾡
ȣԭȾһ̺һʺҶ±һٰڵͷĺҶϣȻ˿ڣô


503 

ʱһ±¯
ϵװУٲȥ͸ˡ緹ȥ̫׵
ַԸĲȥү˵±ˣ׼׼үȥ
ǣ̫̫
Ĳϴϴ֣Ϳ첽˳
ÿ±ʱϯѹģĻƼԼ˼ģ⣬̶֣ǡĲ٣ϯװеʱ˳Ҳүװһݡ
ƼڼѹģϯԸȥ±ȥ±Ⱦȥ˳ҡ
ϵʱһ㹦򣬾͵硣
ϰ˸˵ϯҪ緹Զص±ҳԣҪҳԷӿɾҪˡ
ֵãϯҵ񣬳ոձãһҲ͹ȥֱӴȥҲûٶһЩСʳ
ݳǵһգҶϲϵõǣһЩԼĳʳѺùϵ
Цˣֻϰһ緹
ǽһΣϯڳҳԷֱԷʱϯ֪ԭˣϰ˳Էʱġ
ģôҲǰһҲȥſӭӭ㡣һվϯϰʣԷû
ûΪ˾緹ʡˡү˵Ŀˡ
ϰ˶ʱˣ͵ǾһԣҲŸոճԡ
á
˳ˮۣӦ
ģ㡭ҪǳԷ
ΪӲӦ£ϰԸѾȥ֪ͨһȥԺ˭֪붼
뻹˵Ӳ档
ðɣϯͬ˵ϯ˳ңżҴҸϻϰԷҪĳ룬Ȼѹ˳ˮ۵Ƶϰϡ
ϰаӣŷӦȻæԸѾȥ֪꣬ͨ೴밮ԵĲ͹󣬿ϯϰεﰡĵľˣ㲻һԷɣ
֪ŮͬԷϣĶܲùӰϳȥɡ
ϰҲΪء
ϯϰˣǿˣ㡣ͳֲǵһͬԷԵĴˣҲˡ


504 3

ϯͳ룬һһߣϰˣһ緹
ϰ˵˯ʱ䣬ϰ˾͸ϯҪ˯ţȾȥԺߣȥ̫£µ⻹أeɹ
ǣϰ˵ġ
ϯϰ̺˯ˣҲȥ˱ӼǣӵľϿ
һҳû꣬ȾϢվ󣬡С㣬үԺл˵
ϯ飬Щԥ
ڳңͳ˽¼棬ⱻ֪ˣлô죿
͸ϯ˼ȾССģԺˣϰ˵ˣǿŵģᴫл
Ǿȥһɡ
ϯȾȥԺ
һɫֱ֣̤һ˫ЬԺĻ£еƷһ˫Ṵ˰ӣڼϯֵһ̣עʰ㣬ʡ
Եľʣ
ϯŲһ£˹ȥ
ջôǰҸţ
ˣ
ǡ
û˵ҾҪ֪ͨ㡣
ϯһۣŭ˵㣬֪ϰҲŵ㣬Ҫȥ˲֪ĻΪ⹴㲻ء
ǡ
︹̣ȴūŵȣʲôлȥȻΪͬһԷ
ðɣҼҹɭϣҵūҲûӵķԸլ﷢£ȷʵһҲȥ
ʰ̷˵£֪ˣȱ𼱣һ㡣ͻȻ
ãܽƼȾǸãѾмҲ¶㣬ϯҵĳ𡣡
ϯҵĳϯĶүүǣϯ̼ҵĶԹС
üĶûϯң̼֮Ҳѽ𡣡
ף̼ҲôǵãǰֱҺͳ̼ҲǽõģδԹ
֣Сɢڱ켰ĳЦһΣԶϯҴʧ԰ŴҸҾܾԶѻģлᣬΪŹң
ʵû˵ǣһΣһȥ̼ңԶѻɵ˳ҵͷϡ
Ҳƴ֣ǺݳеһҴ壬Ƹж٣֪Զ̰ѴѵĽǰûԳҶ֣ټɵԶھǵƷԱүֱӳֶѡ


505 4

ֻǣһΣܷŹң
Զڳ˵һֱڰеֻǡ
һв֮ԶһһֻһҧųҲţǣǰ̡
ԣûϯң̼֮䣬ҲѽԹɳ
ϯһھΣ˳ңҪҰ˵ĻҲᱻ֪ϡ
˶٣ֵĵô죬үǳ֪᲻ƾ
룬ںݳ꣬ݹϵ۸ӣѳΪһ׺˵ĴƾƾһЩУƶ˳ҵĸ
ô˵ѷųԶҵ¡
ϯ֮λ޴ʣжٴ˼ңҴ壬Ϊ֮û䣬ү㻹ҪСΪϡ
ɲΪԼҡ
ҶжֻҪԳ˺ã𱨣ҵġ
С۵ĵģЦˣֲ֪ʱȻץСһ˿ţԶں֪λ϶꣬Ҳ˲ֻҪҳҶĪ
ΪǿԶǲԶĿɽΪУԶھǵĶǸС
ҪԸԶǳҲſɡ
赶ɱˣǶԳֶΡ
ϯﲻ֪δ㣬үȻҺͳԶһսҪβΪǿ
ȵԶȶ֣ٻػֻˡ
ǺЦˣҲ룬Զ²ȴܵﶨҪ֣Ҳù뿪ݳǲǡ
ڹƤӵ¶ԳԶ֣͵ƶȨһŭҲ᧿Σǰ̣Ҳһ
³ԶֲԶĿɽﶨԣ²ı
ϴڷɽҼ̼λүߵĺܽǹϵܺãںݳǣһʱؾǡ
Ǿ͵ţǶүںݳ̫ãҪؾá
˵ţֶ񲢲ô޺ͳ̼λүãںݳɵģʵݳǵĿģǶծ
ϯԣĿġ
ɫĪԶİãΪͳ̷һ֪


506 5

ʲô˼
ϯԼӹ˶⶯ˡ
ǳ̷˵ĿɽŮԶô۸Ϊ᲻Ųʣ
Ϊ̷˳ҪԸԶϯ⻰ֻ˼
һֻۣ¶һ룬һ룬Ϊ̷˳ҲԼô㡣
ϯ¶һɫ
ͺƢΪԶ֪ж꣬ȴһֱλϲߣ⺼ݳǸ֮أһ̵ٺô͢жۺ춢Ŵ˴λۺˣκγԶŮöһΣݳǣ˶ծ⣬ҪҳԶֻ֤ҪϣסԶ֤ݣôڳ̷˵ϣѳԶӺ֪λɷһȴٲġ
ϯֱ׾ࡣ
ԭֻϯҴ󷿵˻Ϊ棬кˡ
ԭĵط˻ΪһôȥΣ֮ء
ԭٳϵĶթڰգײϡ
ȻΨͼıԡ
үǲֻҪڰﶢŹ֮ͿɣϯƬ̺󣬾ͼС
΢΢ﴽֻҪԶٵҳңҿԾֹ
ãȲԳ̷˶֡ϯﱣ֤
ֻҪү˳Զ֤³Զʱ⡣
Զһ̷˵Ҳòˣʱò̷֣ڳԶǱΪķޣҲõӦ
ϯ˼ˣʮָˣķ˿ҲˣֺõİһǸԡ
̫ǣ˻ʣлζϲġϯЦһۣǿ֣ߡ
ЦĿ˺ð죬ǿ顣
Ǳǿʱͷָɨһ£ŵϯϽ֣һߵͨ졣
ϰ˿ˣҡҸûˡ
ȥ
ϯҪʱվ
ϯڨЦòãѵⳤʱ䣬£ȥæԼ£Լȥ
ҰÿҪ˯һʱڲŹʱѵҪʱüбһۺ󣬾ͷԸȾȥ߳һϯС£Ȼȥˡ


507 6

ǣүȾӦͻݸ֪˳һ
ʱϯϯҵȥʱϯ˲Ⱦ˳롣
Ⱦһȥ棬һϳ
ڣϯЩõĵϰ֪һȥôң
ĵϹ룬ֻΪҲһ˻ȥ
밲οָһ£ǰɽһ£˵Ѱӡҵү£ѾӦˣȹڣȥӡңýŹס
̫̫ͬˣ
ϯû뵽תһıӡ뷲ӡϯᰣϯãϯ壬ӨӨ˵Ļı˳¡
ôأ
һǲҲü޸ǰǸˣ
ɩӦԼĹŮʲôƢԣԼùŮȥӡһˣҰҪֹܰ£ҲûãҶһŵ
ӡңҲӦ
˼ǣ£ǰ϶ı䲻ˡ
ʹӡ˲ͬ⣬Ҳӡ˴Ӧ
ϯƺˣΪϰҪͳ£ΪңֻгֶΣѹƵסӡˡ
˵˳£˾ʮųݹĽ֮¡
Ϊ飬ɩﶨ԰ﲻʱͰﰢܽ㰢ȥɽ㣬ҲİһȥʱϯС㣬ȥɣ
Ķ
ϯﵹҲûܾʹĴӦˣҺҰﵽʱҲҪȥģͺϰһˡ
СӦˣﴽЦˡ
ͣϯҴſڣϰԵ˿ȥɣ³ˡ
³ϯҴҲˣֱſڡ
ϯ³󣬻ڵһɢڱĳǶЩˡ
С㣬ǻˣ̫̫ĺɹʺüˡϯŽţݾͳˣＱ
ϯЦϰҳ緹ʱЩ
ʵ̫̫±𣿡
ʵʱҲԲأֻǣϯĸŮȥ˵ʤѱ±ȳʳ˽ճ׼ĽշԣϾæЩ
ҡͷ̫̫˵ˣլĵһڣūţÿ˶±ټ״ѣ˰ٶ±ܹٸٶء


508 7

ҺȾȥ̫̫±ϳһص裬ú迴Ŵ
ǣС㡣
ת˶š
ϯȾȥ˳æ

ϰһ±û緹ͼ۵ֻ첲ġ
ҪѾȥԲʽŰ
ôӸߣָ͹ڶ
Ҩһϣеϣû£ⶼʡǰһ𷭵ֲʳҪ۶ˣһһҧŹˡ
̫̫ǰһˣǰǸ٣ŲԶָɻ˶࣬òְ±ͽ˰С
ѾǵȰ˵ϰ±Ĳ
ȴ˵ǰģܺҰһôѵ±ǲְģͲһ
ѵ±͵ĲˣϰĶҪȥׯģðͰǳԵְ±ԣ۵ͷ󺹣ֻ첲ˣڼ֡
۵̫̫ҪǰԼ۳ôү϶㡭
ʮ͹ׯˣʣµĶٶǰҾͲˡ
ܲ߶߶ڼһȫ˰
ϯͼĶͷϣȵðһȺ
ϯæóﴧĸɾӣ߹ȥΪȣ˾ȥЪʣµģ
һûʣ¶ˡ
㿴㣬۳ˣҪǿˡ
ϯ˵ţϸϵһƳ˳عԷЪЪʣµĻҾУͱˡ
⺢ӣ㡭
Ҫңÿ±ҿûٰ
ðɣʣµģǰҰţȥׯ⹫ųԡ
ţ֪ˡ
Ȱʱ¶ϯˡ
ЦˣЦ£СԳ̫̫ŻūȰһ磬̫̫Էˣ˵߶ū¡
ϯЦҲҰҰ߶㣬߶Ҳ߶ĺá
С죬ԽԽˣ⻰ū
ϯһ߰±һЦ̫ɽ֮ǰҪ±ȫˡ


509 8

ϣϱ±ǣӣ棬źƷŷӣŮһ
֮һʮˣֳһԲ
ÿ˻ֵʽζ±
ϯãһ˷ֵʮ飬ϯֻ飬飬ָ˰ܺͰ㡣
ϯ￴ϵ±㲻øǣҲʮ顣
㣬԰ɣ壬Բ̫ʳҸʣҳĸԡ˶٣ϯֵ±ͬģԣϲӣϾһӣ˵˶ҳԡ
ʵÿ꾴Ӻ͵ģǸϯԡ
˵ϴĳʳͨ˳˺ɱȻһ˵ȴʮ𣬼ÿξɳԵĳʳ󣬶ϯԡ
ϯһϯȻһҲûϯﾪϲĶ£һҲûǲǲˣҪգգȥɣ
ûգһ綼Ҫȥׯ⹫ţȻ󣬶ðˡ
ϯ΢΢һЦ⼸£һδϵĶӦҵĲ֢Ч㣬вˣڶȲˡ
ϯ˵֣ϯ̽ĵ
洢ڵ֮ڡ
ϯȥϸ̽һ飬ȻЦˣǿ壬Ȼ
ϯЦԺһڷ䣬ΪeģֻҪҲٲ鷳Ҿˡ
ҲҪ壬̫ˡϯĵ
㣬ŲأÿһȦһҲۣûǾҲǰ˲١
ϯ֮׷ΪСȣֻҪ˻ˣײڣ壬䣬ȣҲˣ⼸£һζû
Ҳˣڷܡ
㣬㿴ҵĸǲҲ࣬ҿšϯַ̧ͷϱ˱ȣ۵ϣЦݶĶ
ϯҲע⵽ˣЦŵͷ
ϯҲԵͬˣҪСԴ⼸£ĸӵǳ˲٣ϯһˡ
ϯͬУҲǱȽϽСġ


510 9

еƫ£СǰҲƽԭһȴʮף۾鶯ʮ˵Ŀ⡣
ܶ˵˻͸Ի˸ԵԺӡ
ڶգһ˳緹װƺƵȥׯ
ϵҴڣͼɺѼѶ˷ɱǰ棬ùãøˣӭء
˵ţɾǰϯͬϡ
ѼҲмϯԣЦ̽ձ˺öˣ³йùԵĺСɡ
˵⣬ѼѵգͻȻ˱䣬Ǹùã˭Ҳˡ
˭
ꡣ
λ˷İꣿ
ţѼҧ
Ͼüˣʲô³ˣ
ûУЩӣæŸ綨ףҵġ˵żҲ֪Ϊλ
ѼЩãܿ죬ֱŭȡùãһٺúÿˡ˵˲ף˲ò࡭Ű̵۾̿ˣʹδ
ѼǸˣһΣϯȰ󣬾ͨ͸ˣΪԷһƤ˷ݣʧһȥ
ο˵͸Ӳ˼ڰˡ
ֻȵĹûУֻȵ๫Ӷǣһǰ겻ɡ
ܿ͵ҡ
ˣڴãϯѼδС㣬ȥüУȥѼѵĹ뷿˵
㣬ûϰꣿ
ţ˵ùùȥ꣬˵˲ףɫת۾˵ҵһѾߵĺܽ
⻰Ѽ֮ǰ԰һЩø˲ûˣﻹҪ޸˼ѼҵϯĻûһ˼ڰϣȻÿ
ûɣ˭Ҳû뵽һݷҳ˭Ҳûϵġ
ʲôֻҪ⹫Ųɿڣ¾ͳɲˣҲõģ⹫ſǰ㵱һۣ֪ԷˣƵġ
ţ֪һҲţֻǶģ̶ýȥ£֪ʲô⡣
ѼƲƲ죬һĲˡ


511 10

ͣѴЩүӸ˶ˣҼɩǣҲæ
ݲСӣһӣͷ˵ĳľһ˵Աϣ߸ʮ꺺ӣҲС
ӣʮʮẺӣҶɶɼ˶㡣
ϯͬΪͣȻᣬȴ˳һͬһȺ˵̸۵Ķǳ顣
ڰ꣬ᣬϣֵ㡣
ԴˣʮֲΪԼ˷ݣһȺʳĴݸߣǲԼһԷ
ٲңҲұ¶ϣһЦ滢ʾ˵һֱά΢ЦֺƵӣֵܶҪΪǰϢĴġ
һ뵽Ϣǹùôģֵܶ԰̬ȣЩ䵭룬Ҳû
ľﰡǸ˭ûѽ
ϯͬһүӣ۾ߴ˺ü֮󣬾̲סѯľ
ľﲻûش
Ͼ£Ѿˡ
ŶţҲʮ⣬ƴǹðѶȥ˼ҲߣƤҲð˸ߡ
ôϲӣҲŪĴҶѿ
ľԥʱϯͬ˷һʹйһ֮Եû뵽ݷˡ
˷ģүһ㶣ȻľǲǾϴ׵λ
ԭýףʲôܣܹô˭ҷʲô飬ϣ˶֪
οý£˵ġ
ľͷΪ˼Ѽ룬˵ǰãӾ£ʲôҲûüѯʡ
ľϵܣôһǸ濴ϣ֮ǰʻүӣҡͷ̾ϢﻹѵŮǳǲ˼ҳҲΣ˷һӣƾ⣬ͲԴľﰡѽȰһȰλѶŮ۽綨̫ˣӣ͸۽ŵЩʵľͶûڵضˡ
ҲѼܼ޸ҲǼѼѵĸ


512 11

ǰľﰡҪӦ£ݲڣѼѸһӶԲ˿ࡣ
ϵļλŰĶŵӣʮУΪ˲ȰľӦ¡
ľһΪѣֻҽڣ˴ҵĺ⣬Ů£ҴӦӣ֡
ޡʲôúǾһĳӡ
ȢҹԹŮ
ޡ
ŮǼ޸һӣҲ޸
ľҪԼΪ˵Ҳɫˣ²ˣ˿Ҫˣȥ俴
ϣȥ
һӵӦ󣬾ȥ䡣
ϵˣҲɫģľﲻڰĻҲˡ

߰˸æţϴ˵ģв˵ģջģĨӵģվ̨ǰŴķ⡣
ȥݣĳǴһкҲ˳æ
ôȣôܵˣðɩǳˣȥЪһЪɡͷ󺹣Ͼˣſӣ
ЦѵûһΣҾ³óԸԡ
˶ˣʣµҲͲСûãҲˡ
ֵ㣬ȣͲҪˣȥѼѵ˵˵ȥ
С˵Ļȥʲôһ˵°ﰢһ𳴲˰ɡ˵ţ⣬ˣ˼ɾӷ̨ϡ
˵ŻҲûЪţȥװˡ
ʣµļСûҲˣϱæŶ˲ȥݣɩǣҲһʢʢꡣ
ݵģŮǾҲ֧ӣƲˣϯѼҲ˺Է
ڼ䣬Ҳ˰Ѽѵ¡
˵£ˣҼҼѼ˵ˣ䲻ϰСӣ˼ҵ˷ҼҼѼѲһãʲϡ
ûŮ˵һӵĹǮأõһ°ôûϣ
ӣ˻ôࣿ
һ굽ͷֵأۻȫ˶ܲӣһ¾׬ӣ˾ǲһ׬Ӷȱɡ


513 12

£ˣ
̫ϧˣõһɡ
ϣߴð˴̷׷۰ĺãһڣûУֻҼҼѼʲϡ
꣬㻹Ǳ޽˴Ŵ˼ңô꣬ҼѼѾʲˣ
Ͱǰͼ棬ҺҼͷҲ˰²ųɣɼѼѾͷ⣬䲻ϰ꣬ҲܱҾôһϲҲ᲻ñ޲ǡϲô฾ȥģĵĽһ顣
õϱ˵ˣҼҺɻʮˣҲҪżˣɩҪ棬ҼҺɻýǰô
£ϿɲҴ
պ󣬺ɻͰĺûɣãõϱȫﵽͷ
룬˵Ů˼ɣǵڶͶ̥̥ͶĲãͻŮһӣԣһҪǧѡУ£ҿģ㻹ǻؼȥʺɻԸⲻԸ⡣
ڶԷõõķϣϻԼ֪ģƢԺã˭Цӭ˵ңкüѾ߶ߵĺܽ
ʲôõˣõϱһɫˣܿ͵бµˣĸ檵ģֻҪ𣬶ȢСҲУ͵˼СѾ߾ǣֻҪպҼҺɻã
ã뷨ͬȻ˼Ҳ£ҲûȰ˵ǰѱý¸ˡ
ϴμѼѵ£ȥƵģȥ˵ýⲻʣ㻹˰ɡ
õһҲȥ˵ý׵˵˼һϸϳӦء
룬;һȥ⸽ýŰȥһˡ
ӵˣ˵СϯѼѶˣŮһۺ󣬲δ˵ʲôֻͷԷ
ϯѼֻ˷䣬ԸƼȥƣŵ찢ꡣ
ǵ찢߲ƣ
Ȼ˵£ΪλҪң
˵ƾ찢ҪһϱֱҪ̫򵥣ĹѡУȴΨı㣿
ϯܾã찢ҪȢ㣬ǲ򵥡
ѼҲʶʲôСǲǷʲôԾ
찢ݷ⹫ţͲԾϯ


514 13

ȥ£˵ҲǴûԹˣŶݷ⹫ţ㣬ҿɲʲôһ飬㲻ȢĻֻƭƭУҪţһҲš
ҲšѼƲƲ˵ͼһΣȻҶкøУʱҲ˲ǸʵˣǣһһŮ˵ĴڣôȥֺһŮˣ
οֺõŮˣҵһѾߣֲС㡣
Ǻǣ㣬ͨ͸ͺãҾͲպᱻ찢꼸͸ƭˡ
ֲɵӣʲô·ô˼һ棬ͷҲȢѼѺԼûõ찢һ飬û㵽ô
˵찢ĿΪΣϯָİһӵ
Ѽ񣬶ʱήˣ֪Ҳ²йأֻ벻ͨȻǷҲɣΪκƤһҲɵӣ
찢ĿģϯѼѶ뵽ˣĿĺڣǾ벻ͨˡ
С㣬찢үӣ˵ȥˡûãƼ
үڣҺҲø̫ȥݶϣ찢ү˺ͱС£˻үӱ֤˵һӲС㣬Сӹ
ֻǣ찢겻֪ľͿ͸ıԣôı֤үҲûӦ¡
ң찢ҪʱүӻĶȥһҲû
ˣһ΢Цŵ찢꣬Ŷ߳ҴԺɫȻķҪˮ㡣
ƼҪȢĿġõ찢뿪Ϣϯһʱ䣬Ƽȥ
£ϯ˭ҲûߣѼ֪
ȥ·ϣϻƼأôûȥˣ
ȥˣվͻ
ϯ죬¶һϸıݡ
Ͼ͵ѽeʹƼȾǼѾͷҲöʹʹպƼȾسңй߳ʹѾڣҲ᲻ϰߡ
֪ˣ
ϯЦӦ
Ⱦ̫̫ģү˵ˣֻҪСõū澣ū澾ͻһֱС̺򡣡
ײϯҵѾߡ
Ҫسҵġ


515 14

죬仰û˵ЦЦ˵ӣҲƼչ˰ү飬ϯҿǷˡ
СүľˣûС־үһûүˣү˵ٶ࣬Ҳһأԣ̫̫Ҳö룬պ󣬷үģ̫̫Сžͺá
ô˵ϿɲЮ󱨣ֻ˵үǸĺˣԺ󣬻үeˣҲǾ֮ͣﵱүôء
Ǻǡ
үС㿴ĿԼĸηһҪСϣ˭ܵ
ȾЦϷʵĿһϯ
ϯ뵽Լͳ׽ദĻ棬΢죬æתƻ⣬˵ϱ֧С㣬ǲģ
ģԸ籣ýԷȻ֧С㣬ɼҾҲáϾͽɶϱһһ˵ˣɩҲǸˣʱ򣬰Űȥصݼҳϲ磬ߵ·Ͻˮˣˣ˶ûˡ
һ꣬ɩ꣬ܲż£ΪСܲõ̫̫ŻڼչӣҲˣĸˣŻӹһ١
ɷ͹һӶûˣ̫̫Ҫǻ໴ĺҪʱͻɷһȥˡ
Ȱ˵ɥ£̫̫Ůʱŷ֣ԼĸˣȻɷܸܵϳҡ
̫̫Ͷ·֮£
»һԶŮҪͳֵ̫̫ܷ˼ң̫̫ҲõһһСլӣΪʮӣмױϸƷ
Ҳ棬̫̫ĸ֮Ҳĸ
ƾŷּҵһ̫̫ʡԼãһ˫Ů
ȶŮ˵̫̫ȥ巻׬ӡ
ɩʮʱѧȥ巻ӻ׬ӣ巻ɻӲԶӣҲҵϵеĲƲ巻µϱ辭£ҲΣƷãɻǸʵˣ˸籣ý˼ܶɩôһλùҲԵ֣Ҳöºǣߡ


516 15

綨ϱأģϯֻ˵˴ϱû˵ϱô
΢Цɫʱ˽̾ɩͲŸ綨ģǹԼײġ£˵ЩģҲû취ΪҵҲֻίˡ
ô£˶ôϯɫһʵ
ϰ̾ǸһĹǼ׬ˣ͵ˡ
ǹİҴģߵˤһӣǡˤǰҲǺģȥһѣ˭֪ͱԷˣ˵֣ףҪȢ⹫һҲʵˣȷʵ˼ҵ֣ԣ¾ôˡ
ǣɩƷôܶ׹ΣҪƷΣƷãȥ
ϳü۲ȷʵóģǸóģҪǵûٳױǶû˻Ҫɩӣֲ
գͣ˵ǹﻹҳԷ˴Ӻ󣬱Ÿסˡ
ΪһڳԵģƤҪˣ֪ǹ˺־硣
ѹ֣Ҽһ춼Ƶģǰˡ
ϯ°ѾãһҪȥ
Ȼ׵£ٻӰ쵽ܱպҪһϲŮʹһĺá
ϯĴ㣬ȻҸ˵ֻڶɩ£Ҳ֪޲ԡ
֪ģҲǽϸġ
һϱֱ߶ϧҼҺöɣȻ̯ôһֲԺӣҪô
ң£ҳ˿˵˭˼ҵš
˹֣͵Ȣ˼ҡ
£
û˵ȥ
Ļ£Ҳģɩ֮󣬾ͻıءϯĶͷһѣûο˼䡣
ǣ˭֪Ĳ˳ʺ
ɽ׸ģơ
̾һȥˣԽĿԽơҲѹ֣ôһϱŻһѣһѣûտöɣŻɱˡ


517 16

ȥ찢Ƽڶ磬ͻˡ
ƼŭڵС㣬Ǹ찢꣬Ȼʲôö
ϯüһš㷢ʲô
С㣬£˵һءƼ򴽣˵
ϯһɫ˵ô£
ԭ³վͼ޸ӡ뷲ӡҵĶ̣Ѽ޳ӵӡڳͷ֮ҲʶֻаͽˣӲŻù
ҲˣӡͷĻȥֺӡˣԶȥﰢ簢һЩݳСʳȥ
ƳޣȥңͽδŵĶɩա
ΪɩӣյȻܰӡ֮⣬һҪڳһǳ󷽵ӣСӽá
Թɩ˺ͺúһΣӡڰµ飬ĵ˵屾ǷϯϣҲ֪Ϊȥϡ
䷢˵ݺա
նӡ˵һ͸
ʶԼǱϯˣնϯͻģӡҲϯɩˣһļϣһôֻ
ϯߣʱʱƼȾ˸ţǲҳϯ֣ˣ뵽˱ϯﻤŵѼѡ
ѼһãҪ֣Ҫ̫򵥡
ˣ찢ȥһ¡
ձ룬찢ȢѼѣպѼѵӹĺû򲻺ãһ仰£ֻҪסѼѣ͵סϯôĳҪôǿ顣
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ôһջ찢Ĳ㾢ҪȢѼѡ
ֻǣպ찢궼û뵽ǣҾȻܾ찢ס
˵찢Ȣұ㲻ɣֻΪһ檺Ҵ˷λã
ϯɫġ
û뵽찢꣬Լġ
û뵽һգպӡŮˣкͺõһա
ңˣȻڱ㣬Ļ£סǺǡ
ϯﹴһЦȻ˼ҶƵҵͷˣӦһΣҲ̫ԲԷŬˡ
С㣬ʲôˣǷŻҩֻҪС˵һū澿϶ȥ׵ˡ
Ƽˣ۾ðŹʵ


518 17

ϯûĵһۣ˵ǸŮܸɳҩŻ¶ô
úúãСŮūǴֱ֮ˣN֮£ūͺá
ۡһԵȾЦˣС㣬㻹ǸϽ˵ɣưƼġ
ƼҲ͵ǣС㣬ҲūԴӸ֮ӹ̫ˣûʲô̼¶ɣū澶Ҫгƨˡ
Ϲ˵ƼôСǰ˵ֻү֪ˣĲ㡣
˵ˣ˵ˡƼ죬Ǻǵ
ƼǰϲһЩøɵĻɱˣŻ𣬸٣ӡʲô̼ϲʲô
ƫƫүϲŮߣ̺ˡ
ðɣѾߣҲֻ̫УĹѵζʱʱҵ̼Ļɣžζ
ϯҲ죬ˡ
ȻвסǺãȥӡǱ߼һѻˣ˵ӡ뷲ôϲҴС㣬磬͸һС檺ˡ
ƼİƣЦӺãһ찢ȥףһ߻ԼѾ߸찢檣׼С£Ҳѧ£Ҳʡû£ô
С㣬ӡǱߣ׼ô죿ȾЦʵ
ƼˣҲҸ񣬳ȥ
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ˣ͸ӡ뷲檣ͨӡ֮͵ӡ뷲ǰĻϷŻʡ
һԸ¡
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ӡһݺݵĽѵ
һá
һĵá
Ů˽ӡҺպҲ֪ӡҵһһ
ƼֺǺǿޣߵĺãֻҪ³ɣŮ˾ͻûС㡣
˶٣ֵС㣬һ£ūҪ㣬ϣ̫̫Ҫǰȥϰ˸ʱϰ˾ͺ˶СĻ£̫̫ûӦϰ˾˳Ͷ̫̫һȥӡңӡýס
ӡүӡ̫̫ĸαԸȢһԵϱͬ¡
̫̫ԼıŮɩῴĵͺӡ̫̫ӴιʮһգӡֵĿɻˣֻǿϧûۿ


519 18

̫̫ңңƫˣɲԸ⿴ɩɫԸ⿴ɩῴԼŮ
̫̫Ǹ̵ˡ
ȻˣҲԼŮ
˵ӡ̫̫һ٣ԼҰķϣҲû˵̫ӡ̫̫ȴԼСӵʣһʹޡ
󣬻ǳ̧үӡŲòӦ¡
ӡͶڳҵĹӡһԴӡҵȻҵ롣
˳룬͵ڷ˳ҹ
οӡʧأʧһӣʧȥҹ⣬ӡֻ»һ겻
ΪӡҵĲʢٻӡҼòӦ¡
ӡүֲӡҵĳӳгеӡڸΣԣȢһµϱҲûϵˣպ˽¶һЩǡ
οǲµϱӡҵŮ͸ûɾܾ¡
ﶨӡү˵պýȥס
¶˺ӡ̫̫ͳ̫̫ҲˣֻǶ̫̫ĳ޽ӡҺ󣬻ᱻɩӴĥټЩųҵȨƣϰˣԴǼҵвӡ̫̫䡣
Ȼ̫̫û뵽Ϊвӡ̫̫ȳ޽ӡҴźӡ̫̫϶ϱһѹ
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ź۸һȥӡ뷲֣ݶգŸ
ⶼǺ£Ժ˵
£ѾӡүϰΪճӣдһȥǣߴ϶ھΪܽһ¡
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г£Ҳż
ѽСö޳ȥˣֵ
ƼСѾˣ˵ԷǲĶүϰ˸˼ˣΪСðױأү˵뾩̫ԶСֻھǳޣҹţ·ݣү϶Ҫȥһˡ


520 19

ϰ뵤Сļױȥ
Ⱦ룬·ݣү벻գͻˣĻүҪż⣬ҪַȥҪʹԱһĸͣʮҼһĹҪһһ˼ҡȵʮ·ݣҪʼðЩ£ү⣬үһӵæûУ벻ݳǣҹţϰ˻ү泵ȥ
ޣϰ˿϶ҪȥүǳҼײ뿪ݳǣֻүȥ
ǰһӣүүȥѲӸصȥˣǰղŻ˺ݳǣү͵СϵãСޣүһȥ
ϯﳶ˳ǣЦˡ
ϱӣҲǼ޸һүڲǽʮ·ݣһǰ˼³ޡ
޽û꣬ӴүΪˤȣȳӣӵλã˶үϡ
˲ٷ˺󣬿ûٻҫɪһΣ̫̫㣬óշһ¹Ĳõĳߡ
ǣ̫̫֪֮ԹĲãʵȫǳܽĴгһ
ķһ٣Ȣ˳֮Ҳû̧ˣߵĸѾߣҲ˯˸顣
ݵͣǸ߼ޣ滹ѹţ˶ڷΪǸŭԣͷ
ãСĺŷӣһ򽾰Դĳ˵֪˶ί
֮߳ǰڶүľǸۡסһʱ䣬ҲøΪʮòø࿴˼ۣͱС۵ĳǺˡ
Ͱѳѹļĺ⣬ȫйڳߵϡ
˵ǰܵĿ࣬Ҳ֮һ
Ҳˣϯڳ㣬ʼϲеһֲ١
ϯԸȾƼȰӡҵ£ȥ¥Сѡһͷױ
ǣС㣬ū˵ǰ¥˲ΣʱСһҪúС۹ߣͨΣǿءƼ
ƼջֺȾһҴҳš
ϣҲϢ˵ϯҴ󷿺ϵӳ
ϵӣʲôʱ˺ݣ


521 ϯֳͬ1

磬˺ݳǣֱʤȥծҪϻǰǧӡŵͷ
ϽӵϣҲдģϱϯҴ󷿸ˣڶ״ϵǧӻˮƯӹʳϻ
Ͻӣϲϡ
ȴϯᰵв
ףΪϯҷô飬ȴû˹ףԭҪϯᰵĻӡ
˺󣬾ֱԵϯҷô飬̫̫Ҳ˵ˣϣ˵ӣͭ嶼ûһ⼸ȥ̫̫ЩӣǶȹѹء
ҪծһǮûҪ˵Ҫٽ裬Ӷʱˣҷˣҵ£ǷҼ̫̫ӣٲ˵ģҲŲȻСĻ£ֻ¾ͱס
ʲô˼ҲˣðᰵĻвӣ
̫̫ūɲвūֻʵʵ˵ѣƾǼһû˹ףǻŴС̫̫ŮôҲܾƾ⣬ŽҼ̫̫ӲҼ̫̫Ҫã̫̫˵ˣӣǾףҸСĶūһȥ£ϯҽӣôô
Ǽʲôʱ̫̫ˣˣץһ豭ͳ˹ȥûûƤvūţ˵Ҽҽ̫̫ǧӣأ
ûн͸ҹϯȥ
ϵĸӣץ˹ȥ
ŵˣ˵˴⡣
ͷȷʵнֻǣϵӡȴǳϣϡ
ϱϯˣͲϯˣծȷʵʲϯͷ
ֻǣڶ״ûӻϣϲŻɸӹ̽̽ϯ˵Ŀڷ硣
ϯ˳ǧӣôǧҲͲˮƯǣȴһ㣬ϯûծ
ӲľôȥվϯҴſƿڴȷʵӡȴӢģӢӵʱ򣬻ϯҴ̫̫Ϊϯҽӣھ͸ϯ
ޡһӣһҪȥӢҪءϳһĭ


522 ϯֳͬ2

ǸvɧӣϯҵȥҰˣҸŮðļױӶˣҰˣҪϯҵӶҰˣǧӣϯһòҪծҸ㣬ʲϯͷϣҪʣȥvȥ
ǰѵӢȶʧıϻӣҲ㵽ӢͷϣǱϻӱӢ˽ˣҰˡ
ӲŲϯҵĶԹԹծ
ȻǱϯҵ˸ˣϯҵ˻Ҳ쾭¡
ҲӢҾʻҼ̫̫ӵˣϯһҼ̫̫ӣǾ͵ĻǷծǮ쾭壬ϯŲʹ
˵ţҪϯˣãϺ˼ʹӸˡ
ֻǣ£Ҳܿ촫˾֪ϯҴ󷿵Цһγ˺ݳ˵·ˡ
С㣬һ٣޽ͻȥˡŵ¾ãһưոݣϯСǱסˣǰǧӵ£Ͽ»߸ٽ
ϲϣϵĽǩ֣ǵӡȥϯӲҪҪ
ǧӲСĿϾԲôˡ
̼ݹϵȥϯҴ󷿣׼һһ׼ϾϽģɽӣȴϯһˡ
οϽʱϯҵ̫̫
ģҲ൱ڵϯҽġ
֪ϯҴ󷿻ӣҲˡ
ϯšü£һүǰ÷
һҪ߹ٽòǰǧӣʱһֻҵ⡣
ɫҲˣȥɡϯԳŵ
Ӧǣ͸ȥ
Ȼպ˺ݳǣһ״ֽϯҴ󷿸š
Ľϯϣ֪ϯҴ󷿻ծ
źޣҪӣȴһ㱻֪ӣŵóҲڳ֪ǰװ
صûãϾ˰ϯͬȥˡ
ϯͬǰͱŮѹԣڳϿҪóӰ󷿻ծʱϯͬͿ
լӵӣǷһǧûײΪû˺ľģҵҲֻάһⱾ׬˵ӣһºüʮҲóԷ°ɣӣ벻ĶĶӽﻹծ


523 ϯֳͬ3

ϯͬʱ۾ʪˣʵ֪ﲻףҲһѣκζ
˵˵ȥһǮ衣
ƿڴһֻǰ㲻ҪΪҲ֪һ¾Ҫ׬üӣôûӸҡ
ڵȻǹײ̲׬Ǯ㻹ʲôӸһծ
ײãǰģˣĴӷĹТ˵ģ˵ˣǵҼľׯĺľ϶ˣҵĹײڻҵô
˵˵ȥϯͬ֡
ʵײӾһӵľľӪɿӯȻ׬Ǯ࣬һ²ʮӣٳɶ࣬һҲһٶ㻨ˡ
ģͶˣľĵӲ绹ô㻹ʲôڻŴأ㻹ɵôһ£㻹ֵô
Ķˣ
綼״ȥˣ£Ϊͬ׵ܵܣôͲΪһ£㻹ǰᰰװأ͵һۼֶֶŮҲôԹ۰
ԴǼңߣϯͬ˵Ѫ飬ײϡ
ϯͬͷƾôϴӦ
Ҳ㣬˵ˣһҪԷҵ㣬һ˺ȥ
ּңҷ˶ӣҲһЩӣЩ꣬һһεģ˰ͼ㣬ûһǷծûء
ϯͬͷ
ָТӣĸˣҪȥŸ㣬ҵҪ㲻ТǳԶ㡣
βТˣңÿĽգТˣ㴩ˣ·Ǻأͷӣѵ͸ģ
ҪȥҲТҲóƾʵ
ƾҲ󷿻ծ͸ҲТǺǣҺʹ籾ͷ˼ңǷծƾʲô£ȥǸ״Ҳû
οҲûɽˮûӻծɼҲȴֵʮӣûһҲȴٵķֳȥӰŻծ´ȥֻ˵ĸñ۸ӡ


524 ϯֳͬ4

Щ꣬ĸûݰ۸ң˿ɶ֪ģҲТҲȶס˵죬ʲô£˵ôôġ
ûϯͬӦŻծϯͬ䳰ȷһ٣ĺޣӴιүôһףТȥүӣۿĴТӰɰҸѽӴûˣҡФҪҵһȥˡ
ȻˣҪҪġ
ϯϯ÷סڸڣ˳ϺϯͬԽԽԭڸڣµĶˣ׷׳ݣ˹
ϯ÷ָϯͬô˵Ҳϯһӣϯѣ׷ծ׷˼ôͲܰһѣڴϣҲÿڰϰǰӣǰΨһĵӣҪеģôҲðһѴ󷿣ծϣðüģ㿴⼸գﶼôˣ㲻ۣ
ţֲۣǴĥʮĵĸѡ
ƾʲôۣ
󷿻ûɽˮĵزƾʲôﻹծϯͬĿֱ׳ϯ÷Ҫﻹծ͵ӣǰǧӣɲĿƾʲôӰŴ󷿻ծֲûûûׯӲ***ȥӰŻծׯӣԺһ˳Ժʲô
ҲҪΪһƿǣοⱾǴ󷿵ծû󷿵£󷿵˲ܣȶׯӸ˰Żծ˵ȥû÷Ȱׯӻծҿ԰ѰҪׯŴ󷿻ծ첻
Ƿӣ͸ˡ
޶ʡԼãʡʱôΪһޣ
ţ
Ů۸۸Ĳ޲ðһ˶۸С
ߡ
Ǽ걻簢۸ĳһֱء
ȻûˣҪҵȥǣҲﲻ
ɲʥĸԵ±ԹԼ
ϯ÷˵ƿԡ
ʵ£ϯͬŻծȷʵûϾ󷿶ͷּˡ
Ƿծûö
οϯͬȷʵòôҪծׯӣƾʲô˼ҶׯӰﻹծֲûׯ


525 ϯֳͬ5

ɴׯӣһ˳Ժʲô
ϯͬ£ʵҲûİ취ⶼ·ˣһ£ׯʳ󷿵ׯ٣ʱյʳôҲǧӣټµ棬˾µףôҲܴչǧӣʣµǧǲׯܳһ裬òũɵˣһȥһգôҲܹճǧӡ
ϯͬûӦﻹծǰų⡣
Ϻúһӣһ»С
ҲˣҲˣˡ
ΪǿˣοߣˣãװӶծˡ
ҲȥŸϯͬТ
ӲׯӰծȥТûοǳԶгҪȥ棬˵Զϯͬᱻס˵ܸ棬һٰӡ
һϹͷôԵ
˼ȥֻܰסĲʣȥϣ黹ӵ顣
ϼӣͬһº󻹣ׯծ
ׯʳۿҪգһʷӵϣЩӾ㹻һծģȻ᲻ðׯȥ
οϯҴ󷿵һƬׯɼֵһأôܻ˸ϣϼͬ⡣
Ů鲻ɣֵŹϡ
һΣԶûϣ˳һѣͬ˳Ͼµ׻ӡ
ĺݺݵ˳ϺüۣҲŹ
ֱˣȥҳ̷ˣίίĸ˳Զһ״
֪Զ֮԰ųϣΪƬׯѱ֮
ϯ֮ͬ仹һֽڡ
ϯֽͬǧӣǩһǷдˣϯͬһûӣƬׯծƬׯƺãһˮ´꣬ҲᱻͣǺݳõϵȺ
ҲǳԶʹϯͬʮֵ֮ԭ֮һ
ϯֶͬڶ״ˣӣ϶ǻϣʱƬׯóġ

ϯͰﰢˣڵϯͬ˴ʱϯͬˡ
ϯɫôÿʵǲǴǱȥˣ


526 ϯֳͬ6

ţ̫̫ҰŴ󷿻ծҾܾˡϯͬƣ
æԸĲϲˣšʪ̺ϯֲͬϻ˵ֲʮǰǧôӣ̫̫ҲܿڣҪһ˱Ͼ·ء
үǸˣû̫̫ͬҪҪ
ʵծ̫̫ô
Ҹ˸⣬һٻʱʳˣòׯĲũ೴ƳһЩҶôҲܴչӡ
ϯͬ˵ţ
ĲżѾߣ˼ʳн
ѷ˰ӺżѾȥ
ϯ˹꣬һϯͬԵ۲˳ӷ»е֣ã̫̫۾רŶǼҵӡ
㶢ţ㰢Ҳ󷿻ծ񡣡
ϯͬİѱŮеӣԽ
ϾЦˣĶԣ󷿺ͶͷּˣȻּˣǾûд󷿽ӣöĵ
ʹЩˣʲôʱǼҽϯ
Сϯ蹣ҲĵҲ̫̫ЩҲȻ˵ǳҪǷ˵ˣЩϲϵ۸п˵ˣǲһТ˲˵ТӣЦǺͿɵӣú
ţ˵ľϯ͵͵СһޣȻϯͬϵԺһҪ̫̫ԶƭˣСңɾסڣΪϱǸТģҲһ֣ñ˵ﲻТ
Ů۰Ͱ͵ĿϯͬʱΣæһСϲԵ۷Сӵǰ£ְԼûͿԺ󰢵ˣԺ󰢵һĺúõģٲǵĳԴöȡ
ţ㡣СЦġ
ϯҲ㣬ԺǼһȴ󷿹ĺá
ϯҲЦˡ
˷Ů͸ԻԼԺӣϯͬϣȥ˷˵
ϯͬ˵ҵĹ¸³ܻˣǽǧӵĹڻôҲܷǧӡ


527 ϯֳͬ7

㣬ţӣǧȻլӵծʣµǧһǧðױƸǧǸүι·ݵĺ㿴ô
ӣôãϯͬмƻ
ģ̵ģֻҪүóȥ󷿻ծôã
Ҳ˵ˣүǵļױȲżð죬ʣµǧӣ㶼үιɺˣﻹеҪǵһȣ·ݣҹţһܴǧ
ڣǧٷǾһǧһϣγӵƸױ
˵ˣǿˣϲ̣ðƸױҲᶫ࣬ɽ˳үǾͱ̻
˭Ҳ֣ȻǮǮĴ£αôŸðƸױأøүӷӶˣٸðƸױҲ١
£ٹһᣬҲСżðƸ
ȹһ꣬Ӷˣð첻ô
ϰ뷨ϯͬһ˵ϯͬеȥðƸױȻѷڿⷿü꣬ȥ̣ǮǮ
ϯͬǸˣ֪ôѡǶϯģͬϵ顣
Ǿô˵ˡ

һ磬ϯ緹ȥ밲
£˵˼仰˵һСεڼſڡ
ĶСϴ󾪣ҲҴߣȥ
һȥ
ϯﲻģ˳ȥ
˴ſڣϯͼſڵһСɫ԰ף˫Ŀա
ΧΧһȺֵˣϯϸһȦֻסͬھӣʣ´󲿷ֵ˶ûЩˣҲֻΧС￴֣¶֮ɫȴûһǰҪһСġ
ϯСϴŲ򲹶·˲Ȼˡ
С߻СлӣˣҲֲôοСɫ԰ףǶġ
ԲСҲûرαػء
ϯǺǣҪСȺУһ˶ϵѽλ̫̫ˣСεҴſڣ㻹ǹһܰɣ⿴⺢ӣҲ̫ˡ


528 ϯֳͬ8

ĳСҲͰ˾ӣݹ᾵һⶼûУʮۡ
ôһҲܿŲܡ˵ţϾҪȥСҡ
ϯҲСҪȥȴͻȻ鵽ڳкü˵ϣ¶һĵ⡣
ϯһ裬ȥ֣ûȥﰢﱧӣһߣ˵𼱣СҲ֪ʲôôۼſڣһǴȾô죬ҿǻȱ𶯣ȥ˵
һСпǵ˴ȾﻹǰգæŮ˼ܵ
һǴȾ˴˼ңǽԼһ˸ˣ
뵽⣬ϻһ¡
ʱΧֵˣϯϴ˰СﱧؼҵľٶͲõϯС㣬СǶεģôǴȾˣɲҪ˵⻰ȥֵĻ̻̣ʱ򣬹ٸҪˡ
ϯС㿴ŽģôĳôӲ˼ҶҴſڣ㲻˼ҵˣ㰢Ҫȣôأ㻹ûģ
ǰϯС㿴ƽᣬԭȴһĺݵġ
˵ϯ̫̫һʤ߼ɲһСĻͼȰ
ֵˣȻΪϯȺΧϯĸŮ
ĳãȴʾԼŮЦˡ
ż˵۵ˣԭҲûȣǼȻôģҲ˵ûǴ£Ȼ˵СεҼҴſڣҲʶҲû˵εҼſڣͱҾ˵ĵҲԾȣҲˣᣬøǺˡ
ҲѪˣӣ͵ҸСβӺˡ
˵ţóӣСϣȻϯҪš
ǲߡ
ͻȻм˳סϺϯ
ˣôһԸļңˣ
⡭ϯ̫̫СȻεҴſڣǾǺǼԵҿ㻹ǰؼȥɣȻСˣҲ޼ҿɹ飬̫ˡ
ԣԥ
Ȼϲ⼸ŮˣСȷʵǿôﲻܣһ


529 ϯֳͬ9

ϯ΢ЦλӣҰӣһǮһӣǧӣ㹻СԺˣҰһİСϣѾ御ѵǻҪҰСţҵǺ֣ôʲôĿģ
ϯͱ˵Ŀżˡ
һ˵ϣһ˿ţͰ͵ҡʲôĿģǹǿСѣҡ
ȻʹؼҺˣҿϴҲȱٴˣӦҲһ˵ķԣοҰﻹӣҲǰһѡ
ϯﻹЩڹĸŮĻҲ׻ˡ
ֻǣ벻ͨⳡϷ͸Сңʲô˼
ѵ˵Ұߣ
ߣСʲô˵
Խ룬ϯǰ˾Խǽ䱸͸ӲðСؼҡ
ϯС㣬˵ʲôСⲻҴſô㲻˭ܣҪεҼҴſڣҾ͹ˡҧ޺޵ĵ
ϣϯ̫̫˶˵ĳ㲻ܰɣ
ϯﵣİƣİѺӴؼңȵҰѾˣǻôµˣȴȲֲǮ͹ǻһ죬ôƣǰѺȥҽݣ߱ԸչˣǱҰСǿˣҰչܣѾˣûоȥչһˡ
ϯﶢǼˣͻȻЦЦ˵ʿɶֹȻٱҰҲǰ͵ȥһɣСǹ͵ҼſڵģĴ治
㡭˵ǡֻǺġ
ľͰСﱧȥšϯ϶ԷĻ۾ҲĶŶԷ
ԷˣæߣҡҼǵһ£ˣҡҼҺҲ࣬ܲ
ʧˡ
ʣ¼ˣһۺҲ׷ҽˡ
ϯûֻǳȺУոջƼȾˣһƣֻ΢΢ףȻ˳ż뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
ϯҴſڣСﻹڵţֵˣֻʣ¼סͬھǡ
һϼĸˣ˵⺢ӣȷʵǶεģϯ̫̫Ĳ𣿡


530 ϯֳͬ10

ǲܣѾˣӣѾ御ˡŮСﱧؼңϾӲӲĳٹ¡
СܿҲΪһͻСԼŮˡ
ŮĸηΡ
ϯЦ˲һҪ죬ӣɸӽȥҽݺˣҲǾһ
۾һ⵹һð취
֮ǰ˵ھӣôߣ͵ϯ̫̫ȻӣСȥҽݵ£ͽҺˣҲǻµĴ£ɲһȫռˡ
鷳ϰͲá
Ӧã޶Է˺ã˶Էü䣬ѶԷ۾Цˡ
С£ھ̫̫ˡ
ŮؼңŮֱһСѣ㰢ﱧҲֻɿһչˣ壬ͻ˰ߣڼģİѶ۰ָȥ
ԭΪϯ֮ԲСؼչˣǵСﵽҺ󣬻ֵϯĳ谮
ϯﳶ˳ǣûб粵
ôΪɡ
٣һΣʱﻹ˼һĸܣװ˴š

ȾˣϯС㣬ūѾСݡ
ϯѾߣǲȥȾţ˵
Ⱦǹ淣ʮһ꣬ǺݳʮɳӴˣȷʵǶεģ֮ǰȥͶıĸֻĸȴûָʹεϯҴſڣǼˣ淵ıĸϷˡ
淣
е죬òĶ˵
ϯššüȴȾС㣬ڰү׵գڷ̫̫үףľһλ淵Ĵá
ϯ
ɲô£ĲУܿϯɫһ淵ıĸ̫̫ɣ
ǡ
ǺǣãܺãȻƵҼҴſˣֱ̫ϯԸȾӵӵĴȥ
ȻҪľܾŰҲͲ
ۻֶۣΡ


531 ϯֳͬ11

Ӳȥ۸ˣɱ۸ͷҲ
˲ңҲˡ
С㣬ⲻðɣ淲ʮһ꣬ӵ̫̫ӵĴȥҲûð
˵ʮһ꣬ʵ淿žǾĺӣôӵһ˵Ĵȥ˿ˣҲ¡
ϯͷҶͿˡ
ֵСҰĲСεҼҴſڣͱ֪ģֻ̫̫һ˵ơ
뵽深̫̫ĵȥҽݣͷԸȾӦڸһҽ݃ȣȥһңҵҸ˿ٲ
ǣС㡣
ȾӦȴûߣϯգӶڶĳûߣӡ͵Ѿȫˣ˶ĳǧӡ÷ĵѺ
ϴ˵ϣպӽǧʣӡѾѺ
ӼȢӡŮҲûôı䣬ҪֻǰһټһٱȣڵҲֻܶٶٳԱѣӣȴû١
ӡ޲࣬Ҳһӣӡ˼οͷ̲סѹж˵ĺ⣬ȥİǰ
ʮ׹Ůӡ̫̫ҲûӸҲˣӡӲźùࡣ
ӣӡǰҲڴĥӶĿɫԷ
ӡҲʶɽĺôˣÿλңֺֺɩͼ֡
͵ӣӡ뷲ǰġ
ӡһǮûȴ͵ȥûˡ
С㣬ϴ˵ӡǳҵףҴƴ󣬶ĳӡڣҲӡ
ȻӡĳһӵӡҺͳҶ̫̫Ժܻ
ϯָϣšüϸ˼Ƭ̺󣬵úϴǷȥӡծˡ
ĿģӡҪӡӡҹϵѣӡպҲӡҵȥ۸㡣
ãū֪ˣūȥ֪ͨϴ󡣡
ȾˣһûֵС㣬ӡҶүҵ˶Ѿˣǵӡ˶ȥӡ֮һ


532 ϯֳͬ12

ӡﲻֻҪкϴǷڣӡ¾ܲˣȥӡ뷲¡
ӡ뷲ջ»ɽһλ檣֪֪ˣɫξʣ
ջıףϯˬᡣ
磬淵һλСͯ˵ˡ
һԼûϯңҽݣһʧ֮ڲϵһλ˵Ƶϯ̫̫͵ģ´ҪϯҸϯ̫̫л
̫ˣصӪߣ˵ϯ̫̫ĺãŻ˼Ҳ˵ˣòȥл
⻰հȾ˴ġ
߲ˣͼˣðҩСҩͯȥĸ͸ţĸ˸ӹ
ɫʮѿ²
̫̫˵ˣӺ˺󣬾ȥлҪסһҪס̫̫źһȻ̫̫Ҳﲻ㡣
裬ұĸһסҲʧģ𲻹ҡ
ţǵסȥ˵
˵˼仰ˡ
û淵壬Ҳû淵ĳԺȺҽҩѣʱ̫̫͸淳Եġ
ţһ͹סһ뿪ҽݡСͯ˺ϯϸϸСͯ
СͯӦǡ
Сͯʱϯﻹһķװƻһֱ
պҲǰ¶ʮһգͻȻϢʵۼݱٹ
Ϊ˰ȻʣϯҵĴϣҲһƬ籡
պ»ʵǻΪۣ˹ţ¡
һգϯֻͬˡ
ϱŶӣһʱ᲻÷֡
ϯ֪ͬϢҲΪϯָͬˡ
ϯͬûоһļ϶ϯҴ󷿵ĺ⣬ûϯҲԣĵףϯֵͬ׻һѪ飬ϣϯֵͬӹ̫ҵ
ϯȴź
ȻЩ£ǲıġ
ˣԸıһЩС£һЩ£Ǹı䲻˵ģĳ
̫̫ţ˵󲮳ˣҪ󲮰ڼϴϴ磬һ˶ȥ
ϯֻͬĵڶգϰϯﺰȥϯ
ϯüֲǶٵ£ھϯ


533 ϯֳͬ13

磬ϯҶһ׼ʱ˵ʤ˾Υϯͬ֡
ϯֶͬĸµĴԾ˿ͷ۸ҲݵֻʣһƤû⣬ϻһ̬˾ʮ
ͬĸֵܣϯͬڼһɲǣ۾ˣʵ磬ܿˡ
ߣ֪ܿ࣬Ҳûȥ̽һۣҳˣ˵ЩڵĻʲôãָôЦء
ϯֶͬ˼µĴӲûĺãŤˣһ˫ۿ˭˳ۣرǼϯͬ⣬Ҹֵӣ̲סʣ˼䡣
״󣬼˻𣬶һˣŮ˻飬ϱ͵˱ˣСҲżŮ·ˡù£󷿸̯ˣȴԽԽá
ƾʲô
ƾʲôǰ۸ܣȴıã
һլӣҲˣϴ·ͷϴӣҵ壬ͳͳĺá
ϯͬԽԽǼʣۣðݣץεܡ
Ҫ磬լճôûӰ޽˵⼸£ⲻ׬˲ӣǧӸңºǧмá
ӻû£ͿڳϯͬҪӡ
ϯͬ磬ҲӣȷʵûУҪӣͽլˡ
ҿǿ磬ɣϯͬɫʱڣôãôܲӣΪܺŪܺŪңҪǲóǧӣһ˾ͱߡ
Ȼвˡ
ԭϯֻͬһͬϯͬġ
ΪϯͬڴԾ˿ͷôҲĺһЩ䱾
ϯͬһЦˣޱĿ磬ֲǷӣʲôҪӸ㣬˵ûУУҲ
ϯͬŤŭȵ縸棬Ҵ㡭
ͨ
ϯͬ˫ϥһ䣬ͻȻſϯͬǰһ״һĻǡɱĳϿˡ
Ͻŵĺְôû£ôһˣôˤˣ
ۡʵȶˣϯͬģ㲻ҪŹ
ϯֱͬȣǿ޹
ϯͬǽһԩ磬Լ·ˤˣôͷˣ


534 ӡ³1

ǻʲôûүѵҪӹȥϵһŵôס˵ӣŭ
ӻæȾܣȥ
ָһ߸ӵӣүȥ޺š
ǡɲסţսսĽϯַͬ޺ȥ
ϲŶӵһߣֵһģûһ޴ֱ׾ūţһָʹһ£һ£ɣȴû
ָɣɳӰһ˵Ŀ⣬Ҫ˰㡣
ϯͬ۹۱Ǳǹģûһ
죬ΪԼ绤һ䣬ȴϯȡ
ϯЦ̣ĶԣЩūſɲֲôʲôӣʲôūţѽ̣ɱᣬ˵Ĳ㣬ǰɴӲܼ£˵ϣЩūţɶǸϰµģҲͰۺã϶̸ݳˣȴūš
ˡϯﻰһתϯ֣ͬ󲮣˵Ҳ˴εȥؼһλң󲮣Ȼ˵ѾϯҸˣϯҸֺýĸ󣬲ý㣬ȴλεĸҰˣڴϯҵأ󲮣˵ʵ㣬Ҳʵȥ
ϯһݵĿϯͬ֡
ϯֵͬɫȴڵˮ﷭κˣĶҪ쭺ˮ
͵ˣ棬£û˸ǰ˵Ҳļɻ䣬ϯѾͷȴʹϲȡ
һŵգʹϴӡ
ϯͬĺ޲ץסݺݴһ٣ѵӴҲԳʹ
󡭡󲮣Ǹңҡѵ˵ʲôҿΪã󲮣ҪֶŮȥؼˣϯһսսĽ
ϯͬģ˲Ȼţ޺ͳϯ˹Ҫϯռ
ϯŵһȻæ˼Ȼͨһϯֵͬſűߡ
ϯûȥǵһʱ俴ϣί޹ĵ̣ۿˣҿ󲮵һƬ½Ƕûţҿɲҵ¡
ȥСvӣĺĺҿͲǺҿһ˽վǹҶӵġ


535 ӡ³2

Ϸˣָһ˵ıӣһţǾӲǱӵģҾ֪ҶӳˣǲˣͲҶӶһӵĴȺɥĵûһõġ
ԩˣܻǴˡϯͬһӣ粵
ҲһǴųĳģҲΪеˣϲǣ߾ǡ
ԶԶģҲҪʤŭĺ
ϯ￴ϯͬȻ̺ʹ󲮲ӭǣ߰ɣֻǣ󲮣ôĿϺεϯҵܣ
ޡ}ͱˣʲôҲϯʲô飬ȥʲôûմһ
˵ţֺݺݵһϯ
ϯûżˣ뿪˵ʤ
ֱһˣϲź֪İǣôˣҶŪˤˣǧӻû˵ء
Ժ̫̫ʹү£Һ㰢㻹СӦóͷȥϣŮֵ
ϯһЦ˵ҸղǹӢȻôܼŭ󲮺Ͱء
ŭ̫̫̫̫ôһŭ֮£һȫϳ
ɲٿϯͬȻĳҪӡ
Ȼ״ӦɼܲסϺϯͬ˫µıȣһסӦأ
ǧӣɲһСĿ
ιв٣Ҳҵӣõȥ
ϵɴ۾㡭ǹҪ̫̫ߵģ
ţҪǲÿ죬ùúʱֻ»Ϸء
ʲôϷ
Ӱһţ󲮾ͿڳҪǧӣǴȱã᲻ðׯˣǼׯӸӻ
ԣɫ࣬ҾǰȥιҲһġ
ǰ󷿻ٻǼҵӰʡԼãϸʡӣô󷿵˽ȥôһǮû
Ҫ峤棬ľĵǧӣƾүҪġ
ϵҵö㰢Ժȥʤһ̫̫ʹүȥ˿ô죿
ϯü̫̫ʹүĸӵӣҲ


536 ӡ³3

ҪҰһԶźˣǰգ˵ֽǮ۸ɣȥ㽭Ǳ߿뻻һֽǮôǾȥˡ
⡭㰢ʱ㰢ԶţѾöûԶˡЩģԥԥģҴӦ
ϯ㽭뺼ҲԶˮ·Ҳյ·̣ز£ðȥɡ
ðɣǾѽҸ˶ϡ
Ҹǰ߹ϴĶȥһڣǴߣϯͬİΣòŵġ
ȻϾͰϯͬȥ˵
ϯ֪ͬԶţȵĿϴ˵Ҫȥ㽭㻹Ӧ˵ƹȥУôˣ
һյֱŭǵǴ󷿵˻᲻ͣʱ㣬ԶˣǾ㣬ҲҲˡ
˶٣ֵҹţүҪǧӣüѺʤŻ𣬰լһжչˣ·һҲûүճûѴǡϱծûðѺŻŴá
ϯͬȥʤϯͬϴһλεѣȻǳУȴһ㣬ǳߴ磬ԾͲѣӦϯġ
ãվȥ㽭ʮ·ٻ
ʮ·ݣϵծѾˡ
ϾЦˣѽҸ˶ϡ
캣һУһǳţҲô߱ǡϯͬߺ󣬼ʣ¼С书õ¡
ϵòţߺֱӷԸ˱ţ˭ҲӴ
˳ԶţֻиڼʱŵĹأǴ˼ҵĹأϯҶ˼ңʵòűš
Ҫţ˼Ҳ˵ʲôϾ˼ҵ˳ԶţһȺСڼȷʵðдȥ
ϯͬ룬Ҫȥׯסһӣ
ˣмգճɵӣﶼæţûдǡ
蹻Сӹǲãȥ˲ܸæҪң粻ȥ
ϯͬһ룬Ҳǣûȥׯ£ȴϸϸӲ¡
һ磬Ƽϯͬȥͷ
磬ϯʱ˵̫̫˹ϯͬȥʤһˡ


537 ӡ³4

ϯֺͬͳϲĸӣǺˣĸεġ
գϯͬûϯͬӦǧӣͱһ˸ˡ
ϯֲͬģ󣬾ͺͳǷһӣׯˣֻ»ծ㶼ˣҲЩǼңǷ֪ǧء
һһǧӵծ񣬾µ;͵ûϵİǧɹʳ
㣬ʳҲֻǧӣʣ»ǧӣôﱸ£Ҳֻܳӡ㳴һЩʲҶһ£Ҳղ˶ӣׯǴղǧӣǡׯҵòײģôˣʵǲš
Ĳҵǰһֱϯͬƹܣڼһ֪һ´ղǧӣׯӡ
ׯǴΨһԴˣԺһ˳Ժʲô
ûӣû棬ûٻôү
ϯͬ᲻Լģʹ˶ҵ⡣
ôΪĸףϯͬһƨ|ɣϾ֪ʲôʺĲҵҲ࣬ǵǷ˼ңϯֻͬ²װϵĶ
һԹԵİѲҵǶլӡϯͬЦʮա
󷿵լճһѻҽʮˣ£𱰵ļסڵͺַƾʲôϯͬסôõլӣ
һӣƾʲôסıȵӺã
һӣƾʲôıӺã
ӣǵӹģӣǸøūŵġ
ϯͬôţͺͳճ緹ɸȥ˵㲡ˣϯ̼ͬ
ⲻףһһԶˣڶվȥ˽йⲻǴҵô˵þûˣúþһۣߵļôҲûܺһҸڣͰˡ
ãǾģ÷ȥˣ
˶٣ϯͬʵׯϵˣûжɣ
ûУߺҲȥùһӣ֮ҲûȥȻЩؽլӵĲϣûӣҲ
ׯϵ˻Ҳ࣬Ҳû߰ӣټġϰʳһգùؽլӵĲϡ


538 ӡ³5

ֻǣ˵ĹǮǷţһʱòôࡣ
һ룬Ҫӵĵط࡭һ뵽ȱӣҲϯ֣ͬʲô֣㲻ɱϯͬɣ
ϯͬׯ˰˸͵ˣһʲô˵£ϯֶͬȥɡ
ҵľȥġ
ϯͬݵЦˣ򲻵ѣҲɱϾֵܣұϾ·һҲʹ죬δ󷿵ծһҪŻȻǴ󷿾ˡ
ãˣĸҪóТңҲҲȻҾȥŸТЩˣ򲻵ѣǲҪĺá
ǼˣȻɳҲ֪Ƕʲôˣ·ָʲôͨҪ˳򲻵ѣϲǳǰ
֮ϯֺͬͳϾôϯͬȥլôвϯͬѶµׯӺׯǵ£Ҫϯͬٸǧӡ
ϯͬӦϯͬ־ͻ֣ץ蹰ֵܣֵܶ˵ϯͬӦ
ߣֱɱϯͬȻԴ󲮺Ͱ̵ֱӽֶвҵǶլӡ
ʵϯָͬԸߵڶ·ֿݣնӵˡ蹺ͰΪһӣûǣǳԶͦϲ蹵ģıȰ蹻ƯԶӦûϲϡ̴桭
Խ룬ϯͬԽÿڸ
򲻵ѣ򲻿ҪϯͬǶѾǰǺͳءϼı飬ľѵ
ֻҪֳͶЩҵӣΪĸ˵ϱТġ
һǣϯҶͳҵĹϵһ᲻ܣʱ˵컨׹ֻҲ˵ȥ
ϯͬôĥĹ¶ĸͱһͰˮһ͸
ϯֶͬʱ𣬶ѾǰۣҪϯͬƿض˵ˣֻҲס
ϯֶͬʱ;ߵһ·
һ·߲ͨߵڶ·
һϯͬǣϴ󷿣ʱȥܵչ˵ϱֶֶŮҲ˵ʲô


539 ӡ³6

С㣬¹ţһ磬ʤǱ߾ͻ˹Ű飬һ󣬾Ͳ²
ϯﹴЦˡ
磬ϯʱ˵̫̫˹ϯͬȥʤһˡ
̫̫ţ˿ˣϯľʵ
˵ûҿţ̫̫ɹǷӣҲ֪Ƿᣬûܽţͻһֱȥſڴ󺰴졣
ϯüǲزסıģȥүԶˣûµˣͲȥլˡ
賿컹δƾͼϯͬȥͷҪ㽭紬
С㣬ô˵ǷôЩġ
ϯ΢΢ߣߵģӲΪ£ͳ׵Ƕ
ԣ͸ȥ˴ſڣŸӡ
Ȼ˺󣬾ûִҪϯͬǴҴˣֻǣûãˣ˵̫̫Ϲȥһˡ
ӡϯ￴ޱҰһźҰһֱģͽСΪҰ汣Ұһ·˳磬ƽƽ
ԷһϸĳСã湩һ࣬ͭÿϣ϶Сõ㣬ˮ͵ģȻһʱľ飬Żȥ緹
ϯδһֱΪԼĺãŻ󷢴ȱ尲ˣСԽڿ죬ֻҪе£ϲȥС档
գϯͬԶţϲģȥС
ϯԴΪڣĸ׾ܾȥʤ
ӣҲ֪Ҳжϣ̫̫Ұм£ҰҲһ£һǳͷҰأǳͷأ
£Ҳܵ棬ӣȥ仰̫̫Ұ֮ǰҰﲻ߳СţһֱΪҰȥԣҰﲻȥլТ˼ҿˡһ
ſڣ˵ʲôɶϯŵæͷӦǣʲôҲ˵ˡ
ΣûܰѶ˽йȥڼһ졣
ϯߣ߷ӣල淵Сͯˡ
Сͯ˵ϯС㣬淹ﱻ˽ӳҽݣѾˡ


540 ӡ³7

˭ˣϯ΢΢šüȥ֪
СͯҡͷСţ¶ԷɣûʣСλ̫̫ߵѾ߳ƺΪ̡
˶٣Сͯʲôˣ߻һӣСļһΣ淹ҽݵĵڶ磬ȥ̽淹
ϯ
ǰ꣬ɲȢ˸ϱô
ϯЦ˵ã֪˶Է˭ˣ⼸գˣӣģУ˲ٵģȥȥ˳
˵ţͷԸȥġ
СͯæϯͷСĶлС͡
Сͯ˺ϯȥԷĺ
˺ϯ˵ӣ£ȻѾ߶ǲȥ
С㣬ǲʲôҪԸūȥ죿ѾǶСǲȥˣľ֪Сһвܱ֪ȥ졣
ϯЦеĵͷһˣһȥ
ȥĺʵ
ȥ˾֪ˡ
ϯЦеĲ˵
˰ϯĶȥ÷·˵ط簴ϯָͣһ۵ط
С㣬ϯڷڵǴӿڣʲôϳ˵ط
ϯﹴЦǰգεڼſڵǸ淣ձҽݽӼˣҸо֮Իסǲġ
һ㶣ڻ̫̫ûҪưүĻ£
ϯһ
ڣϯģϢĽϯڷ
ϯڷһĴլӣסͬã£٣סһжٶˡ
СԺӣʮլӵҲ۸ӣϯ˺ð죬ҵ̫̫סСԺӡ
̫̫С˺ü꣬ڷү֮ǰԭΪүһŮӶȢˣסСԺӵĶ᷿
Ůʮ꣬ϯͬ꣬ûżңס᷿
̫̫ԼҲһŮӶСʮ꣬ǸС㣬СǶӣǸӡ
ӣŮһס᷿
һССԺӣס巿һˣϯݶ¿ʱͼˡ
̫̫үϣ׵ҲˣҵĿ⣬мŵһСϡ


541 ӡ³8

СǱڷϯ̽ӻ淡
ڵϣһսսΧĵĿ⡣
ӣ޸õܣףڷеڶү̫̫ƲƲ죬㰢岻ãҲԸȢһϱοȴʮֺÿҪȢϱƾڶӣеСԸ޸ġ
磬ǰ£㻹˵䣬ô˵Ҳǰҵݣſһѣ˵ȥ
ֶŮ͵ðѰƽ
֪ʲô深ȣȻ淺Ͱףϯ֧ˣҲײֶŮ˵˵Ķô
Ըƨ
̫̫ĸηζۣɱȴҪװһ޺úĸӣЦŵȷʵֶŮҰİҲȫ˽ģһǿ淣ŻΪҸӣһҲǵİСӹǲãдԹ˵ʮ꣬Ҳǵߺãһ֧𣬲Żἱ淶
ǴãݲߣܳԿֻͣҪ޸һ걧
ԼҲǴóҲῴ淵ݣԣҲŻƤףֻû뵽ϻûӦ淾εҴſڣϾˣҲǼҵԵ֡
϶ܾ̫̫ף̫̫Ļȴôûܾ
үԣ͵ȷʵó£ҪӶ༸˵ϴӦ
үº޳ɡ
Ȣõֲӣ淣ϯͬĹϵ
˵⼸ϯͬõ̫үϯõϱǴϯͬﶨģйõ񡭡⣬ϯͬȷȷʵʵ׬һӣ˶ۺ졣
ϵ겻СˣҲãҲˣϵһȥڷ͵˱ط֮ա
ڷּңΪ壬ֻ·ֲʲôö˵ڵϯͬ磬ϯͬϵպָҪϯͬһء
ԣϸүʮ޳ɡ
õĿӣǰ£ǲҲ£


542 ӡ³9

˵ţһ淣ԹԵĹţͷǺµĲҿǣĵͷͺãֻҪպ޽Ĵ̣պ󻹲˵㡣
ϵº˵ֻҪһЩһЩպ󻹲úϰļ½
ֻҪƼˣ˵㣬Ǿ͵巿ƿһˡ
үԽ룬Խ²
үӻ֣ˣʱˣȥ˯ɣԺǰ﹧Щeǰ˵ûûСġ
ǣǶȸˡ
λү߷߲ƽĵһۺȻһȺӿá
˲䣬ټãֻʣү̫̫ˡ
ү淣Ҳɡ
ллø
淹ʱ̫ˣֲŸջָ˫ЩҪվˤڵϡ
үüϵı֮ɫ˿Ρ
⣬һ˰ͱСȥϢ
̫̫үȥ淰סɣżﴩʲôû׼ء
ү֧̫̫׸̫̫ܸˣү˵ʱ˼֡
үһ͵СȰҪһԴðѰľ·ʰ͸
үԭŮʮ꣬ΪӳĽССҲֻ߳һԴͬ˱ȣġ
̫̫ԭŴԼľ·ͷ淴үĻﻹвԸģæͷүģվðԼ˵ĸ淡
룬ǻһ׹ʱģѾöûˣøͳ档
ܴһûв·ٴһ׹Ѿϵ̨档
Ҳ̫̫ϻھܾ£ĸװװ档
淶лĸлøǵĴ£һӶǵġ˷޶˶Ի淣Ͻֹͷл
̫̫Ц⺢ӣǼ·ôһ׹ô㼤ģպ޸˰ҪʲôûаϵӣĿɱĸöˡ
Ĵ̣ɲ˹ĸ̫̫˵ţ߹ȥ淡
Ĩһᣬĸģһ͹øĶ飬Ժһʮٱǵģ˵
Ȼǰǣһܳɹ


543 ӡ³10

ڷһ·ϣϯɫʮѹ˼㣬ԾԵģ֪鲻ãʲôҲû˵һ·ϣֻĬĬ
ֱСԷĲŵС㣬ڷү̫̫湻˵ģôһҪС׸үǿ˭أ
ȻָʹεҼҴſڣҲָʹӹֵ֮պСķžǡ
ֻǣֻǧûǧշģ£þ취һݲС
ٴһЩǲ̫̫С檣淲ʮ꣬ڴСӪ彿СľǸ˾ĺӡ
ôСô˴
ְ
һҹڷƽپҲƽ
Ⱦ˶񫣬ӶˣǷ˶ķһӣѼķӣѾߣӶѺȥ
󣬶Ӷĺ۾һʱ嶯ϱҲѺӣģҪӮ֮ǰ˵ӡ
ǣʮľ䣬ӣҲʱˡ
ķ˼ľͲѿˣҹߣѺȥپջǷϵĵѺӡͼˡ
ӡҹ˯죬һ󳳳ˡ
ŪôºӡĺޣӣѶӵץһ
ϱҲûãǷǶķһǧӣҪô㻹ӣҪôʰʰѾһߣģƾŻ㿴ùȥҲҸȥġ
˵Ƕķİ
ֻЦһ|ӡ´һԶӵû뵽ǺȻȢôһƯϱǺǡֻϧ࣬û޸ˡ
仰Ƕӡ˵ġ
ӿԺʮ׳ӡŵþʧ룬ɵ֪Ⱥߵ³϶á
սսĲǶӽǵӣҵ£ҪץץӺˡ
ޣϱѾˣ㣬ҪץߵѾӣһ٣ŶˣլӣҲǶķġ
˵ţ󼸸ӷԸ˶ϳȰլˡ


544 ӡ³11

һ¡лú˵
ӡһ뵽Լϸͼæֹ˽ݣһŮ֮סʮӡ
ӡſˣˣǿҵӣǷ£ҡҪȥǣǡ
ߣǷծǮ쾭壬ţҲܲծǣǷծţʲô³
ӡɫ˲Ұѩŷ𱻳˰㣬̱ڵϡ
ǣŹҰɣҡһӡҪץӡʱӡŵÿ޺
Ҫӣ
˻֣ú¡
ӡͷ絷⣬һֻǣʱûô࣬ܲܿҼգ
аֻҪȫϣҾͷģգպһǧӣʱͱҲ
ߣȰѶѺߣϱˡ˵ţ˰ѶѺߡ
ӡԼױ̨ΣķˣĵҪûȻҶӦҪˣЩΣǲߡ
Ϣ
һȺˣͷҲصˡ
ӡĺޡ
һԵӣ˲һͷ亹µȰ̫̫̫̫ѾˣڿҲûãǸϽ취ôӶϰɡ
ӣʱ͵լӺ˵֣ūţûʲôܱȥһѡ
̫̫һӣӡŮǱһȺķ˸ĵĵطȥӡҵҪţ
̫̫ӡҲ᲻ܵģ㻹ǸϽȥӡô̫̫취ǡȰ
ӡĨһᣬҲ˲⻹ҹϴһ󣬾͸Ͻȥӡҡ
ϵӡʱո
ʲôǻʶȻҰѺķ
ӡҵĴ̫̫ڵ֪ԼŮӸѺ˺Ļðɣŭ죬Уô飬ҵȥ㰢ǻʶ̫޷ˡ
һǧӣ̫̫ҲòֻȥӡҴү
ӡҴүЩ˽Ҳ࣬ͶĶˮһӯӣС檵ģﻹ¶ӡ
οһǧһСĿ˵ӡҴүӡﵽӣҲʮѡ
̣һοһҪȾҰ


545 ӡ³12

ҡû·ˣӣǶķ˾ҪˣΪӡŮôܱȥֵطҡˣ;һκòãȻӣ̺ͶӺ롭һңҡȥסҲУء̣ʵû취ˣҹĿడ
ӡӡҴã޵˺ѷΣγϡ
ӡ̫үſ޵ĵŮüͷˣˣΪӡŮһС£Ϳ޳ɺͳ
㡭Ҫ𣿡
ߣӡҵˣɲܱ˵ġӡ̫үɫܲӡҴүϴȥǼҶķǷû
ǣӡү̫үԸֹˣͰһǸʶҪôã
ӡ̫ү̾һ˵ðɡ
ӡүЦӦһǡ
磬ӡүɳʮˣϢĴ˶ķĴҶǩµǷ
ǲ֪ǣЩǷϯ㣬һֱϴԼϣʮãûҵǷһ˵ҵ˱ѺںԺһĶӡ
˼ͳ󵶣Ҫӵ
ڵ⣬ֻʱͻȻӰֳĽСĺˣһһңҪɱӵĺˡ
ˣʱڶķԺ
ԭеĺˣԼ˱¶ˣ׷ΧСĺˣ˿Ҫ·ʱǵĴҲ˺ϴˡ
ķ˷׷׳嵽˺Ժ
һ˶Ժϴ㻹ʲôҶķҪ˸ˣ㻹Щȫץ
İɴ˵ͣϴȴʮϤҲϳԷϯ
ϴּ񷿵űˣʲô׵ģ϶˵æŶķȥϯƼˡ
˺ϴ˵ļ룬ս˲Ťתһ㹦ʮ˾ͱ˺Ժ롣
ϯʱˣǸûȥˡ
ϯﲻӡҵǰ¶Ŀ˵ı䣬ǵĻᱻӡҵ֪һУڱıġ
ϯﶣ̺ϴ󣬡Էûɹ˵ϻҪСġ
֪ˣϣöлǡ
ϯεͲ˵ˣæҲɣҸ鷳


546 ӡ³13

鷳ʲôǾǸеģοҲԿ׬һء
ϴЦ
˵ʱȻǱӡҵˡ
˵ˣϯƼ͸ǻ̤СԷ˾Ĵ¡
ϯаʱˣͱطˣȥҷľһ
ϣūȥһˮ
ţȥɡ
ˮϴͶ˺ܿ˯ˡ
һ磬ʹҥԣ˵ӡŮˣǷǮҪɱˡ
ϴҲԼץʮˣȥţҪ״ӡɱˣҪ״ӡǷǮ
ͬʱϴǷȥ˰پѶӼҵǶլ˻ѶӵӸ˳ȥ
޴ȥͶңҵϱһۣ޷ģȥˣϱҲݲ
˼һȥӡңͶϱ
˭֪ӡҺȴ˸˳֪˵ӡҪͶӺ롣
һ⻹ˣӡҴſˣãȴ죬ˡ
һʱ󣬺ӱһſڣһҲ˴ˡ
۵˹ȥ
ȺѾϣһûԷĺֶۣΪûмʱϹͷûмʱƣҲڷա
յϡͿĺӣͻȻߴһϱúݵأϳŲʣǲТȥģ֪ТжôҲҪʮӡ
ᣬŷĸڸӤ߸㣬һһĴӵĶͷ
յԺԴӣһӾ˹ѽǸСv˿ڿ˵ҪҶ룬ɵ׻ûأһأôңǲТ
Уҵȥȥ
ͷ˺֧ȥ۾ÿһϾʹҵʹ
ҧš
Ҳ֪˶ãһ̵ĺͬڣǡñ˿һѱһѵĿҲۣȥŴſڡ
֪ӣǺϴ״ӡҵİӡ
ӻûᣬ֪Ĺٲ˵ӡТ֮
Զһæ˰
ܿ죬ŴſڿϷˣͷֿһȻҾͿһһѵĻ档


547 ӡ³14

һ£úӸˣſڵİǣ۷׷ףָӡТȻܲŵֻԼ
ĶϱһҪϳ͡
ſڿϷϰգ׷үһҪһѺӰĶӶȻһЩҲǸТ˳ӣʲôóԵĶһݣӴôȢôһĵӴѺӸĥģҪˡ
˵ǶӶӣǷһծСϱʹѾ·ˡ
ޣǴ˼ҵСأȽûѹͷ·ˡ
ТĶϱ͸ôӡ
ԣݺݴһ٣һξͲҴĥˡ
ΧǵۣҲ޺үһҪΪǶϱҸϳˣҵȡҪҵء
һһѱ飬ڴÿӡֲТ
ԶһҴŵȣ⻹ˣȥӡңӡץʡ
ӡŴ룬˾ͻˣ֪ˣҸɵģû˴ҡ
ž
ľУŵӡʧરµ
ӵȥӡң·˲ˣҶ֪ȥͶϱӡҴſڱסߣҲкü·˶ˣү񸾿ɲܸ棬˵ľ䶼Ǵʵүɹٲȥ֪
ӡɫȻ԰һƬ
ӵĻȻġ
ӵȣҲ˴ϵġ
Թ޶Ӱˣһʱ嶯֮£ŷԸŰѺӵȸˡ
û뵽ӾȻŸТ
ӡŵ֪ǺãͷҲֺڲ̫嶯¡
ӦõĸӲŶԡ
嶯ˡ
ڸô죿
ӡ־֮ʱͻȻһϤ˵֪ˣӡҳȲТŮҽ̵޷˿̣ӡҼݾⲻТŮӡҼ塣
һӡԺһƬհףƸղŵĻûж㣬㶵Ķһվŵüŵʵ㡭˵ʲô
ӡҴүδǶԳԶ֪һ֤ȥһⲻТŮӡϸ


548 ӡ³15

ӡҵļ£֪Ҳòҵļ£һһ룬Ӷǣӡңӡү㻹˵˵ΪҪȥɱүɣ
֪ˣ£ᣬʮˣȥɱүȥǲТŮģҲѽТŮؼҺҪ룬ŮϴˣҲû취ɼȥŮȳТŮٰ֮˸ϴͻȥ֪ˣҺͺϴԩ޳Ҵûȥɱѽοɱ˴ӡҴ󵱼ҵģɵȥΪһʡĵŮӡһ˵
ӡҴү粻֮࣬˵˳Զһ
ϴ˹˾Ҳû⣬߸˵ĺͰһվŴſڣӡӡ
Ůӷ˲Т֮ĳͷҲǶʮӣӡָʹ˴˺ӵȣⲻǲТǴ治ԶΪ˶סֵİǵͣҲӡ
ʮӣ㹻Ҫӡ
С㣬ӡһϢֻʣһӡ˸ϳӡңӡ̫̫ʮŮûһĸŮ飬ӡϳŵʱӡ̫̫ѸӡļѾӶһ˳ȥ˽¸ӡӡ
ǺǣӡߺϴȥӡҪծȻˣ͸øϽծŶԡ
ӡϯ˿顣
ˣһǣһܴҧˡ
ǣС㡣
Ƽ̵Ӧ
ܿ죬ϴõϢȥӡͼסլҪծӡ̫̫˽¸ӡӣ˹ӡ˽ҲһǮʣˡ
Ҫӡ˵̫أҪһ˿ڣȻϴӡҪһץˡ
ûץӡȴץƯѾߣֻӡһʹӡܿ죬ϴõϢȥӡͼסլҪծӡ̫̫˽¸ӡӣ˹ӡ˽ҲһǮʣˡ
Ҫӡ˵̫أҪһ˿ڣȻϴӡҪһץˡ
ûץӡȴץƯѾߣֻӡһʹӡ


549

Թӡ˴ԼȣҲԹӡǷ¶ծ󣬾ȻҪԼԼ롣
Ȼӣԡ
ϱѺʣҲԡ
ǣµˣĺܶ࣬Ψֻӡ˵ĸȡ
ҲΨӡڷ޴ͷԷɡ
סº󣬾ûҪƴӡ
ӡȥһԵ᷿סѴ򿪸ӡȵҩҳ˺ιӺȡ
ǶϹǣӡǴˣƲһӺ۾࣬ӡƨ|ϵ˿ڣΪͣҩûеõƣõر
ҪӡǰѳԹյҩ˿ڱѾ裬ֻ͸ˡ
ˣӻ˿ӡķʳѼʳʳԼסһ٣Ϊʳ࣬ÿٶࡣ
ÿ࣬Ӷ룬ȰѹʢߣʢֳŨ࣬ʣµյĳӰӵһ࣬ӡӳԵġ
һ࣬һ˳ԶҪӡһųԣӡԲÿڴϿޡ
ϣ˯˶ܶˡ
ôİ˰£ӡϵںˣµˡ
µصĵһ죬ӡͶܲˣȥӵҶԣȴӷˣһĸˣֵùӵ󣬲ûԣӸһ٣ֺס
ӡڵϣһ١
ڵֲס߳Ժӡ
ǰӡһᶥһͷţ±ЦڣѾ˵Ҳܲô࣬һģһʱڵӡſڡ
̧֣š
Ϊӡ˼壬ӡӡ˲᲻ǣ˵ѾӡˣԺ󶼲Ҫӡʱӡ̲סӡҴſڿ
ӡӶˣӳţ뿪ӡҡ

С㣬ūѾˣӡǱ˴ˣȥһׯϡ
ӡߵĵڶգƼͲŵ㡣
ƼʵС㣬£ǻҪȥô
߶ӣϱǱմˣӡڵׯӵַӡ
ӡնҪѼѣƿס
öӣĥӡһӡ
ȻգҲŹ


550

С㣬үҪ㣬ںƼͻȻ
үˣϯһ㶣Ȼվߣô˵
ϯҴҸϵӿڣͼͣӿڲԶһŻ£СӺͳվ˵
Сۼ⣬ܿ쿴ˣæ񣬡С㰲ãүڳϣСϳ
ûϯϳӾͱ˴ƿˡ
ϯʶĿȥͶ˳ֿӡ
ϯĲƵ˼£Ҳ΢΢죬үȻ
ϯ£Ͷˡ
ϯүҪȥ
ȥԺүЩƣǰЩӣһϺõƤȥҿһ˫ѥӺãһ멺ÿ
ƽմ·ǳģ·ǰƼȾ˰ģƼȾ˶ϯңû˰ˣϯ
ϯ￴ε˵ԺˣС͹ǣƼȾļпգ며ɡ
㶼ûȥˣǲǾͰҸˣС㣬үҪ㣬ںƼͻȻ
үˣϯһ㶣Ȼվߣô˵
ϯҴҸϵӿڣͼͣӿڲԶһŻ£СӺͳվ˵
Сۼ⣬ܿ쿴ˣæ񣬡С㰲ãүڳϣСϳ
ûϯϳӾͱ˴ƿˡ
ϯʶĿȥͶ˳ֿӡ
ϯĲƵ˼£Ҳ΢΢죬үȻ
ϯ£Ͷˡ
ϯүҪȥ
ȥԺүЩƣǰЩӣһϺõƤȥҿһ˫ѥӺãһ멺ÿ
ƽմ·ǳģ·ǰƼȾ˰ģƼȾ˶ϯңû˰ˣϯ
ϯ￴ε˵ԺˣС͹ǣƼȾļпգ며ɡ
㶼ûȥˣǲǾͰҸˣС㣬үҪ㣬ںƼͻȻ


551 ֤1

ܿ쵽˱Ժ
תȥϯϯƳһ֣ԥһ£ǰֵȥ
ֻǣСȴһֱ˺ü£ûܳ
Ƣĵػǣ㣬ʡˤˡ
ϯ￴±ˮϴĸɸɾĴʯ壬һߡ
أﻬˣ
ռ˾˵ֲǵһΡ
ֱȥⷿҿⷿﻹ˼ƥ޵ӣһƥûȥȹ
²ĵ
ϯƳһ۱յůС֣ҿⷿӣﶨʱҰǽһ˶ƥӣմˡ
ƥ·ܲ촩һɫİȹɣ벻üƥȥôչʮ·䣬·ϴҲɣûʮ·ôϴŴ
үϰߣһһ任Ŵһ¶ͬ
ǰȹŴҲ
ϯܾţһ̧ͷϳһ˫ݷӣʶľ͵ͷˣãģҶȹǡ
ţŹԡ
Цˣɿ֣ȥС
õϯһ˲ͨ졣
ǴһֻƵģ£ķɿ졣
˿ⷿϯڿһˣ˶ٲϣ˰ⷿôࡣ
Щӣ³ģǽʱ˵ĻɫԼѡϲƥƥЩɶΪ׼ģѡƥȥȹ
ĿſϣСЦ
ϯ￴һɫ˰ⷿӣĸжﴩô࣬ҪҸϰƥոϰȥ
·иۡġһӣٴгʮƥϯǰЩӶţޣģɰȹʺϸֳϴ
ϯȥû°ȹǰҲˣȥҲãʮƥӣ̫ࡣ
ϯ̫ˣһ˴ˣƥУչʮȹ㹻һϴŴˡ
ЩӶСﴩģ㲻ȥʲôһ㲻ߣҾ˵ɫ
ϯæúúãҶߡ
³һӶˡ
ʣµӣȷţҪá


552 ֤2

ţš
Цŵͷɫıȷ鶼Ҫ죬ϯͷһָоԼүˣ
֮󣬳ҳһ鴿ɫƤӣëֳŨŨܣѩʮƯ
ϯһ۾ϲˡ
ϣһÿϯϲͶƤӣΧϯϣȻ룬Сﴩɫÿ
ϯﱻ|ȵĿ⣬ѡ
ָһɫƤӵү˵Ƥǲţҿһ멡
Ц̲סɰСŰѺƤӷһߣѺƤùԼһ
ϯﳶ˳Ƥ°ڣһ³ȣȷ̸ոպãܼ֫һΧ죬մů͡
ǺƤС˶ʣʲôˣҸһƤӣҲԼΧ졣˵ţ۾һƤתһȦȻóһɫСƤӳݸϯëƤΧů͡
óһ鴿ɫëƤϯΧ죬ɫ񴩣á
֮󣬳Ѱ㣬ָϯ˼ƤƤϯа
ڳ˿ⷿѹȥʱСӺСͯˣһﱧһӺƤӣİ˵Դסˡ
ϯ￴ȥԶɨصӹͯһö
룬ϯȥԺ˵
˵ǱѾõ˳Զ֤գóԶû֮ǰͻŻؾǡ
ϯϲ̫ˣڵȵһգүǺúüƻһѶ͵˿ӱȥǸ̼ҵС
ó̼ԸԶǸһ׵İѳҺϯժһȥɸɾóԶ
ţһԳ֡ںݶ֣Ҫȹ뿪ݣ뾩ֻ·̵ĵطá
ҪСģвٰڣҲȥǧҪغԼԼˡϯﲻĵĶ
£˵޹أҪԶŻϯҺͳ̼ҵĶԹ
뿴¶ˡ
ģҲ͹ҵӲӲ뱣֤
֮ϯͿʼ⣬ǰȥϣ壬ˤǵƥ͵߶


553 ֤3

⼸ǶϷ磬ǰڵҩԵǣţӱȵһáǱӦҩȥһ
ˣһӣ·һסջڿջ֣ڵ϶ֻ㣬үҪڿջҩȥ򶷵Ķ㿴Σ
ϯӣգգգĳĶˡ
֣װ۵գЦⶼһЩĵֶΣԷǹˣΪ˼ٱ¶ΣգҾͲȡӺˡ
ڿջ֡
ϯЦеĵ磬Ҿȥҽݼģŵù
ŲҲҹ˼ҽݵĴţȥȳ롣
빴΢Цһȥ
ðϯֿ죬¶һڰװ׵ݡ
磬ϯڱԺ극˾ȥҽݣ͸ϯİ복ӣСӺСͯȥ
˵ʲô
ҽݣĿǰˣȴѹĵ͵͵ģҪǶʲôҲʣǶɲǸһϵʱ䣬һ磬ǹȡ
ӦһãӻͳһƱݸ򣬵ǳ͡
򲻿ĽӹͷһӶҪүòô࣬ϷʮӼɡ
ҩҩļ򵥣ò˼ǮڣʮӶҪˡ
ޱ鿴˵Ƿڷѡ
ŶڷѰ
ԣֺǺǵˡ
ҩҪðŷյģ˭֪ҩȥʲô
ȻðŷգһʷڷѣҲӦġ
Ʊ߻ˣǷģµ⣬ܲ͸硣
Ȼ󣬴ߴٶ˸Ͻߣ˿
ϯͳǴҽݵĺŽģȥʱҲǴӺ뿪δ˷ҽݡ
ҽݺϯүʱˣһɣһҾͲˣƼҽݰö
ͷԸȥ
ϯҪ³ͻȻס֣ʮˣûͰȥɽȥ
˶٣ֵҽ߳㡣༸ߣҲ༸ְȫ
ϯﲻҪ߲Ÿöˣ˶ˣأô죬˲ãʱ򡭡


554 ֤4

ֲȥܣôˣױ¶Ѿֻһͳȥ
ϯһ룬Ҳǡ
˶෴״ݾߡ
һ磬벢ûƼȥȡҩ˳һȡҽȡҩҩյ֣͵õϢȻżһĴ뿪˺ݳǡ
̱ͳһˣ½·
ù´֮ǰߵǰȥ
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555 żɩ1

ϰ˸̬˼ʮ꣬ʲôû˵̧һ̧ϯĸŮݡ
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556 żɩ2

Ƣã߶߶죬ҲûͷѾͷҾ˵һ䣬ϰ˳̾һûӡ
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557 żɩ3

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æʩ¹أӲֻҪʮǮһɣĶˡ


558 żɩ4

°ɣշʳٸǼⶹһ뽴ˣһӣ͵ǰǮˡ
µĽ˺ܺóԣǰݹʱ򣬾ͺϲĽˣֻǹڣĴӣôֲڵĽ˳д͡
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ԡԲ𡣡ϯһ˵ı飬Ȼ뼷ϣȥϰˡ


559 żɩ5

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560 żɩ6

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561 żɩ7

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ִʦǴˣȥŹǰɡŮ˿޵һѣһѵİ


562 żɩ8

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563 1

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564 2

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565 3

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˵ţƳһ۱ƼƵҦ˳ԵŴ̾һ
Ŵͷɫ԰ףǱŵòᡣ
Ҧ˳͵ʱֻÿ̼˷ܣȴδһ˷֣ᱻ
ҲδᱻôˣĵĶš
Ҧ˳ɵ˰ָ㣬Ÿ˿ͷһֱڵǸҡҴˣҲúʹǣҡҲǹģҲ֪˶׵£ҡʵҴñͱˣӵģ㶯̥һ쵰Ժ󶼲ںʹˡ
㡭ôô˵㹴ҵģҡһСʲôĶ֣ƭ䣬͡ءϣҲû˵Ȣϱҵ֮Ÿҵģ֪жôô˵ҵĴô԰ѴƵһ˵ͷأҦ˳ɣ㲻˰
ŻŻ
Ŵһ߿ޣһͻȻ죬Ż
ˣɫʱ䡣
ӣҪĶﶼҰ˵֣Ȼ޽ңҸӣֱ̫
ӴιҪǰ£ҼҶɾҪϲ찡ⶼʲô鰡
̫̫Ŷϣ£ҪһҾ͸żûꡣ
˵ľ
ŶϣŴİҲżҵˡ
ŶһˣżկóģҲˣġ
֮ǰȢŴߴӦףȴƸʱŶҲһԲﻹǺֶ֧ϱľ
Ŷϲˡ
ŮŻôһǻˡ
ŮҦҵ֣򲻿ȢΪޣҿ²˶ɣҪףƸֻҲҪˡ


566 4

Ȼȥ٣ŮסżҲȫҪꡣ
Ŷһ仯˺󣬾͵ľքeѾͷ£Ҳǽղ֪Ҫ֪ʹȡ
ľҪףҲţϾżҶԲңƸ£ǸˣһһĲ˸㡣
ŶһЦһ߹۲Ҧ峤ı顣
ŴˣҪҦȴˡ
Ҧһ򵥱һҦ峤һһ߸ŮҦ˳һӡ
ڣĶϱУͦŴӣһֻˣҦҪһ˿ڣҦ峤ʮָˡ
ҪڳҦ峤ܾĴָ伸ܸɡ
Ҧ峤ŬѹǣҲˣҦҵ֣ȻˣǾҼҰȢ˴Ϊ檣ҼǶƸ񡭡û١
ʵҦ峤һǮƸһ뵽ŴĶӣҦ峤ҧһƸ
ʲôһӣȢŮǿǿһҦ峤ŮﻹһȢһһˣһôôҲöʮӡ
Ҧ峤ԵҦһһڣʮӣŮأǶʮӣȥйѾ߸Ҷ檣һһǺǣΪŮܻӣǸŮ˶ӣҸ㣬ҶӲǷŮɣҼĶϱͦŴأеŮ˸ҶӣһӣŮּ޲ޣޣҶӻȢء
ﶼҦҵ֣ҦңʨӴ󿪿ڣޡҦҲҪŮŮ޸˭ȥ
ʱ򣬿˭ż
ǽһ
ҦҺżҵˣʱ
һԣһϷ
żҺҦ̸ףҦҳӵƸȢŴΪ檣Ҧ峤Ŷ̸ġ
ŶϻҪʮƸӣҦ峤˵ˣӣһǮٶӣǿŴĺӣõģȻһӡ
ŶҪŴĺȥҦ峤һŶϾˡ
ŴĺӣСˣպҲüˡ
޲ȥڼϹһ˱Ц
˼ȥŶֻЭ


567 5

Ҧ峤Ŷϲ̸ףŴڴ󺰣Ҳ檣Ҧ˳ȢңȰѼĻˣȻҲޣҰѶĺŪûȥãҲС
Ҧ˳һ˵ףôԹԼ޸ңΪ˶ӣΪƽ޿ɺã
ޣ§ұŴҧҪ֮Ҳǲȫ㣬ǰΪ檣ȢΪޣҶǶӣŮԺԶޣҵĺҲǵӵŮҪӦޡ
Ŵ˵ľȻҦ˳ɵ˺ȥãŵÿҦ峤
Ҧ峤Ŷϣ׼Ұ㿴¡
ŶһߣİɣȥǻúȰ˵ġ
ҲСŴеĿŶϣµҲСҲҵĺӳΪŮһӡ
ŴصĿޡ
֮ǰƼڵϹţûôޣ˵ҪҦ˳Сȴ޵ķŷ˵㣬˺ѷΡ
ͻȻŴϣҡҶĺӣҦ˳ɵģɸģģҡϴȥׯùҡ֮󲻾ãҾͻˡ
ۿۼҪСѺأŮˣҲ̫Ҫˡ
ϯһߡ
Ц˵ĺҶģǾҶģ֮ǰ˵Ҧ˳ɵأôͱˣΪҦ˳ɲȢΪޣ˵ĺкü
Ҹ㣬㺢˭ģܻģˣһѪ׺ˣ˭ģҲ֪ˣҲʡǴˣԸϰ
УҶֻڼҴգĺӣҪҪȥѰʲôʱϵģ
ŴɫȻҰһƬ
ĺӣȻ֮ǰϵģڶˣԭɵģ̫ѹͲһҸĻᶼҲ
²ɲĻᣬԼҦ˳ڲ԰棬취Ҧ˳魯һȲ˵ûü˵ͱˡ
Եһ룬˵ץ
ǵù͸


568 6

Ŵ޵ĵһۻµҦ˳ɣֿϯĿڵҡҼǴˣ⺢ӣҦ˳ɵġ
Ҧ峤˱ȥҲĺǴ£ɴⲻãҿϯС˵ĲΪ˲ŪӵѪȵȺѪ̸֮¡
Ŷϣϸ磬㿴ô
Ŷô죿
ŮŪӣһĲֵˣ˼ڻŮĺӣӦֻҦҲȢŮ
ֻôӦӿҼƸ͹
ȻҪ׸Ҧӣ
иҪԵúãҪӰ
ں·šҪӣӣż˿ɲֻҦ
Ҳˣӡ
ҵˣ˶֪ʲôӣɾԲɳǰ飬οɲϲŴ֮ԺףҲΪһ֣ͱ˶ѡ
ƲѣŻס
ҦҺżҵҲʱãҦһӸżңŴʮ̥ǮѪҦҵģʣµӻٸ
ҦҵĺӣżҾҪ⳥Ҧһӡ
ʮӵƸżѾӸżҴӶ£ʣµӣϡ
ˣϯİˣҪȥţŲʲԸİӻҡ
ʣµӣһĶˮծ
վȥżկżµһĶˮңľ¡
ˮʳżҵģżȥգ꿪󣬾ȥʳ
˻˵ãֻҪżóӣͿԽһĶˮȥ
ϾĶˮżڻĲҵż᲻öˡ
˺Ů֣һм㣬նͰˣȻҺ㰢簢ɩˣѹסżһȺƤ
Ц£ôԹۣܰһѣҵȻҪˣֻǿ˶ɣ¡
һαҧʮ¾ε˽ѵպǲҪŮǰˤҲȥ˼ˡ۶ӵġ
öḻҲ֪ôģһĸӣ˼һϱġ


569 ĵϯͬ1

ϱһٵУȻ֪Ҫʲôء
ӣƽ￴ĸƵģ᲻ôһ䣬ǣıȴһˣôܲۡ
뵽ŴϾͺ޵ҧгݡ
Ҫǿ׵ׯ˷ϣ϶Ҫϱżȥ

ȥӣӶԹ䣬ͽСãݷ𣬹汣ӳϯͬƽƽ
ϯȴϽСú󣬵õһϢϣͰסڹɽʱҵլԺ
˵ˣһԺӣͱƷˣһʼƲδݾߣ뿴Ҫʲô˭֪˾ȻʯԷ
ʯԷݶϣ˷ɽͿ˸Ƹ´һƣ²ûǣ¼һˣӻͳһССͲԻ谢ү
¼Ʋ˦һѷڣ˶Էϡ˵⣬ͻȻ£С㣬µܣԷˣС𷣡
壬Ҫǣ˵ͱ°ˣҸøлǼŶԡϯ˵⻰ʱ¡
гƵլӣ˵ͱ°ˣʱ򣬻ᷢʲô£˭Ҳ֪
弸ˣ˰һ
弸ˣǰľˡ
ˣôܷͲǡ
ϯͷԸƼ߳±ʮţ⣬ʮֻл͸Ƽ˳ԡţ⣬ر±ģȴԽл
һͶʮӡֵ
ȻӲ࣬һȴҲһ⡣
лС͡ûзͣ缸˶ʮ⣬Ҳʮ־ϲ
˿ϯҲøӹ˼֡
ƼЦǺǵĵ壬ʮ±ţ⣬ǿҪҺȾļһݣǿɲܳԶʳ
Ǿó±ʮһԡϯЦ
ƼЦˣ˳˵ūȥţ⣬ʮţ⣬һ˿ò
ȥݳҲ
Ƽˣ³磬˵ϵ顣
˵ʱԷ˦һͲҪ̫󣬾ˣӲˡ
ɢȥȥ׷ʱԷûӰ


570 ĵϯͬ2

ͲվһԵüֶƽ˼ҵĻãһЩаĽˣϰͲѵմլҪ°߰үǽˣ
ܡȷ˵ϵ·ͨҹ£ʲô𣬿ǽϴЬӣȴϵȳġ
˶Դ̫ӣ󲿷ϴĶһЩֲ£ϸ޲ۣϴҲǴֲЬΪʵʺ֮˴
ϵȳѵҲУɴϵȳЬӵȴ١
ԣ˵ıһйˡ
ңǹһ˽⽭˵ϰߣȻҲϵȳÿȴʹĲϸЬ
йˣǾͺңԷ°߰һǱʲôĿģȻĿģһϯ˵⣬ˣӣ˾ͶһЩһҪ粽Ļð蹡
ǣС㡣
ͷӦǡ
ϯֵ£ʱҪ̫̫λү֪ģҰİȫͽˡ
С㣬ūһᱣ̫̫
ţӣ磬֯ԺļСˣҹһ˴ȱݾߣȶԷԺ׽һΣɲöԷˡ
»һöԷ޻ء
ãȥáϯ˻֣ǼҲȥɡ˶ȥˡ
֮ϯѰ蹣ʯԷ˾ӣСԷСѾǣټһҪǵա
üС㣬ūֻѧ˽Уɡǣûū澰ߵķڹķôãҲ˵ĵ
ݽѧģȴûʹֻΣûҲûɱ͸һû˴򶷡
˼ֻҪһţܰ߷ɡ
СǱԸߣĸСѾ߶ֻ书ҲĲλèˣԱﲻ
书ãСźͰľȺС书ҲĲϯﾪϲǣ书Ȼõһ
Ҫˡ
ϯЦĽļ书㶼Ϥˣ
Ϥˣ㣬ҪҪҶһ㿴ЦºͣҲһ˿Ѳǰһ̬İɫ


571 ĵϯͬ3

ϯ֪ǿ֮Ͱƽնʱ䣬ȫ䡣
һʮʱа˸ʱԺ䣬ûа׷ѣȻûٷ
ңԸоԼǰǿ˲٣ǰ߼۵ĴһʮʽҲֻЩ
Դˣϯʮָˡ
죬ĽĿŰ磬磬Ŷһ׽ѧ˶ʮʽ㾹ȻѧˣСŻ
Сʮʽʽѧˣ˾ӺʯԷϯ⣬ˡ
ϯӹСŵݹĽ˲ϵĺӣЦһʱ飬ʱ٣ȻҪһЩҶûãҲãٹ꣬˵ܲμԡ
˵ˣٹ꣬ȥμԣСϣ˲ð˲õĹâ۾ҲעŴʯ㣬
һ˵ڼ̵ѧϰѧԺĿࡣ
ǡǲǾͲȥѧԺˣСЩᣬѧԺķӺܺãϲӣֻǣϴ㱻°ߺҲûȥѧԺˣҲ֪ӵôˡ
ûã
ϯ̾˿ΣգȥѧԺ顣
Ҿ֪ðɣڰǵҵķϣҾİšȻﻹ᲻ԺѧķӣٱץȥȻĵġ
СԷһգϣСԷԵķ󣬽˻ȥСÿϡ
ֻǣûãûҽȥϣֻվ˻ˡ
֮ͳˣ粽ڰбϯϯ蹣һֱСδڳһ񣬶ϯڴ
ƽգֱ¶ʮϣˡ
ÿ賿ÿƼͨһ
һΣϯ˯ôС㣬ǳţмҪ
ʲô£ôңǲǵʤ﷢ʲô飿ϯæϸµ£|Ѵ򿪣óŽ
ŵС㣬ϯͬڽȥ͵ӣˮӺⶰլӵķǴ·С㣬ǸϽȥǱŰɣȻˡ


572 ĵϯͬ4

ϯɫʱԸţȥʤֱӰϯִͬˣȥӡ
ȻټƳƼĸѾߣԸǣ磬ƶ˴ˣغǰԺһаԭƻУһҪ޻أ壬ģ̫̫Ͱ˵İȫͽˡ
ƼȾǶһȥһˡһΣһҪϯͬһĽѵһҲҴ⡣
źüϯʹƼȾֱȥ
ϵʱһƬڣֲָվӺԺδӃκ쳣ֻ˯ںԺ᷿ļӴ
С㣬ԷӦûûƼѹ
ǽȥ
ϯ
óڼԿףӣ˽ȥ
δ͵ƣҲδֱ֨ӺԺһèУƼſڵС㣬ǳˡ
˴
ǣС㡣
Ƽţ˽ȥûãʹ˽
ϯֱͬŴˣǱſġ
ӣžͰϯͬһӣС㣬ϯִͬˡ
ֵȥʱϯֻͬû˯ʳǴʱжڻаʱ
ãǲ
ϯЦ
һȣ˾͵һʱֱʱĩ˲ڵȵӰǽӺԺҳ
ϯﳯŴһơ
ϯ֣ͬϵ˼£Ȼһ˵ӹȥ
ʶһĹȥֻϯֲͬҽһݺײԺǽϣȻͨһˤ˵ϡ
ϯͬ۵ֱ
ûӦԼδʱ첲ִʹеӴϯͬʹ亹죬ҽҲȫˣ޺úú
ϯֽͬеôѳסӺΧͷصˡ
ҶæŻѣ˹
Ӵѽǡ˭
ˣ˰ǿˡ
С͵С͵ץС͵
ʱ䣬ῴӵˣ׷׳ҪץС͵˼ƲҪӣǣҪʱȴڻѵӳ£Ŀ˵ǸǴһˣȻǵӡ
֮ǰԺڣֲָϯͬײǣҲǷԵĶִһƣҵϯֵͬĺˣԾɱڡ


573 ĵϯͬ5

Ҳ֪ģһȻƫˡ
ĵȻ̵˶Է첲ŻöԷкôˡ
Ȼ
ӣô㣿¡
찡Ǵ󷿵ˣҪʲô
үӴôѽ㡭ҪҼүڼңҪ͵ӣ
үɥİҼүôã㵱ֳأȴ͵ӣôôԵҼү㻹ûİҼҴүһˣɾͿӳԷء
˵Ļû˵꣬ͱ᷿ĸˣĸҲϳϯ֣ͬǴʧɫһһʵ
ԺţҲ֪ʱ˴ˣʮŻƵˣϯͬˣΧԺ롣
ϯͬź֪ķ֣ȻӵĺԺոմˣϲɳȥҪ͵ӵˡ
ϯͬɫ䣬Ҫ⣬ȴӶµһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ
үŸմӴôηˣҪȥˣ
˵ϯҴǷ˲ծǰӻ˸ȥţ˵µ׾ҪӣǧأҹϯҴүһûдչӣųϯҶүڣ͵˼ȥծء
ޣ治Ҫ⼸꣬ϯҶϯҴѹڱԲϣںòеɫˣŸ׬˵ӣϯҴ󷿵˾͵ˣǲҪ
׹ˣҪʲôˣû
Ҳѹ֣ϱȥ͵|ˣôһˣ˭˭ù
˭ޣ˭͵˰ɡ
⻰˵úãϯүŮ˶زס˵ô
ֻ۸ϯүһӣ͵͵ģޡ

ʮΧżЦָűӴϯͬգŭͨ죬޲Ҹطȥ
Ҫߣȴ˲⣬Χߣȥٸ
ԣȥٸ
ո͵ϯҶүӣվ͸ȥ͵ӣʱӣĻǣǲܷŹ
ߣץס
һȺ˳죬ΧȺ֮
ϯִͬʧɫ˺ǿߡ
һˣҪưΧɳȥͻȻ첲һۣʶˣϯͬˤȥ


574 ĵϯͬ6

ϯְͬӴһˤһʺ
˲ʹҪӣͻȻϿڣֵӰϡ
첲ϵ˿ڱѹѪȪˮӿ
ϯͬʹͷ󺹣Ҫˣ˾վ˳ֲӣֵֹģҿǸɴɱǡ
ӣɱǣһ磬´ȥֻ»Ӳһ˶ݺݵĵ
ϯͬһ㶣һȺ˰ץˣҧҧͷǾĸɾһЩ
ЩˣǸɻĻƣһŴ󵶣ɷĺˣﻹ˾¡
֮ǰҪץϯֵͬˣŵŤͷҪܣͻȻһ쳹˶ԣɱڣ󲮣ԽԽϢˣɱ˶ˣǲڴζˣҪȥϼꣿ
䣬ƯС˳ǰˣϯ
ӵĺ裬۾˲ˣʵС㣬ãү͵Ƿ˺󣬻ҪɱǣүǺĸΰ뵱үС̫̫Դһ˶ãԼӣүĶӵʱҲ˵ֻǣЩιһȺǣڳԱͷһˣС㣬һҪŹү
վںԵǮӣҲС㣬ɲڹʴȣȻһأү֪ҪôǶء
ϯС㣬˵ȥٸΪãһ˰ˡ
ǰϯС㣬ұϯү۸ô꣬Ƕǿŵģٱϯү۸Ͱȥ״Ρ
ֻˣȥ״Ρ
ϯС㲻ȥͣǿɲһŵӱС͵ˣҪһڵ³

ļҪϯͬȥٸΧˣҲ׷š
ϯ￴һʧϯ֣ͬЦЦ󲮣˰ɣ˰ɣҲֶŮŹ㣬ʵ̫ʧˣҶȥ״ء
eﰡһʱ嶯Ż˵ˣûҪɱڰôˣôأֻһʱڿ죬ʵֻŻŻǵģûɱǡ
ϯַͬŷץһݰ㣬ధͰòãˡ


575 ĵϯͬ7

󲮣Ҳ㣬Ҳ뷸ŭϯһΪѣ˵ˣҪķ㣬պЩﱻС͵ˣ˶ǶҪҵͷ
ˣպҲˣҷġϯͬ־֣ķһͨȻ͵ҲǱϱƼˣŻЩȥծҡұ볯㰢Щӵģ㰢Զˣֻùƹ裬Ĳ͵ӵġ
ҹӣ˭ŰϯС㣬㲻ҪƭˣɲǺˡȺУһСƴ󺰵
ޣƹϸͲס㳯˭أǮӳһڣҧгݵ
ϯͬ־͵ӵġ
ڽڣֲָԼײԼˣųǼȻӱ͵ˣǼӵӾҪˡ
Ǹõģ֪ĵƺʩͰһѣһǵĺãҲģԺһӵ鷳
ϯֻͬĿϯ
Щ˶ΧĻƻƹģһȺ˸ɻūţΨһˣֻϯ
ֻϯ
ϯЦЦǰΪ̫ĵ̫ãŻᱻ۸ô꣬۸ĺ˺Ҳ֪һ仰ƱƱۣ֮Ҿ;ԺԶˣһҪۻۣ
㡭
ϣҶлλǰץס͵ӵǾͰѺȥٸ
ϯĻΧŻѵ
ϯͬɫȻ԰ףϯҿ״󲮣㾹ȻҪȥٸҪ治
ϯ󲮣е
Ҷ˵ˣҲ͵ӵģӵģ㲻ˣһȥǣǰȥٸǺ˼һûǾڴء
ϯͬһָ˵ٲңҾ͸Ǿ£ҪɱңǮơ
˶٣ֲҪһǧƱˣǿ컹ңȻҾҪȥٸ١
ޣ˭ƱˣҪǧƱ㻹ϯүӣ
ǣթǣҲҪЩõòЩӣ˵ǧӣǶû
Щ꣬ϯүͷˣˣϰˣȻˣͷˣȥٸٲ


576 ĵϯͬ8

ϯֵͬı¶һͷͱһһ䣬ȥ
ϯֶͬʱϯݺݵ治ң
ϯޱ飬˵󲮣ȻҪҵһӺɷ򡣡
ã㲻Ҫڡ
ϯֿͬ˲öϣ˰°İɣ
󲮣˵ʲôأҽǹ￴˱ģ쵽µˣҰԶ֮ǰµ׹˱⼸̫æûչϹֻû뵽أȴ˴
ϯĻϯͬһҲš
ǵãԼ˯ˣȴͻȻһˣ仰
һº£ʲô˵ˡ
󣬾
ɣǸϯˣϯ°ڹⱨ
ڻɣϯڴ󷿰ߣȻΪҪı飬ᱻϯ֪
ϯֶͬʱϣȥ
˵֣ǶķȲൽˣʧֻ֡һأͲùˡ
͵䲻أӣܶȹȥͳ֪г֪Ҫ˽ĻֻҪ״ˡ
ϯͬһ뵽Լڴӣʱֿ£ϯƱ磬֪һ˰°ģֻҪңȥƽ£Ҳƽ°ҵ£ǿͬͬѪˣѵҪɱź𣿡
ôᣬ󲮣һ˶ĵôȥɱأֻǺĸɥĵˣŻΪһǮƣ飬ȥɱԷһˣ󲮣ǲأ
ҡҵȻҲǡϯͬ˵һ棬Ȱ˵ﰡһдϯǶ˴ΣҲãοһ˴Σ󷿵Щ鷳£㰢洦㰢㰢̵ӣܲʣ˶˵ТҲ㰢ձ󷿵鷳Űɣ
ţ⵹ġ
ɲ밢Ҫȥܴ󷿵顣
ϯͬı״ˣܡ
ͻȻϯЦˣ󲮣أֶȢϱǸˣҲóе󷿵ĵӡ
㡭
ϯβϯͬҪһ԰ס


577 ĵϯͬ9

ʧѪЩ࣬ϯֵͬϢ˼֣ˣ󲮴ˣ󲮸Ǹԭ´һΰɡ
ҡǰգڱ¥ýһ׳ͷ棬ûý㣬ҿźʣһ磬Ҿ˸㿴Σ
ĲУӲģӲĲУͷŵ̬ò¸ϯ
ϯﹴ˹ǣЦҪԭҲǲУҪҼҵĲǮһ˸ϳȥ˯ϵ飬ɲ˵˾ˡ
ϯͬɫ˱䣬ѾͷȻ֪
ɣǳͷ棬ҾͲҪˣôһΣ
ϯ۾ϯֵͬȣһȣһֿȣƺڿҪȣǶȡ
ϯͬɫ֣ҿ㳤㡭
ôˣͲܷ˵Ըȥ״ΣҲԸһϯ¶ѪЦ˵˵󲮺ͳ֪оɳ𣬴ٽΣǲ֪ܻܲųˡ
ҡҴӦ㡣
Ƕһ
ȶˣԽдӻǽ˴ΣѾͷ˵ģûųˡ
ɲ
һӵӰٽȥڶΡ
һȣһֵ
οˣԲŹѾͷҪʮٱİʹѾͷѾͷҲһȵʹࡣ
ϯɲ֪ϯִͬ˿պôأ֪Ҳ¡
Ƽһͷ
Ƽ߹ȥûϯͬ׼һŲϯֵͬϥϣϯͬʹĲҽһȻ˹ȥ
ڳˣ˸°һͷѵ죬ǶֵĿϯЩµĺ˺üϯһ߰㣬ǲҿ
ϯû˰㣬ЦϣлλҪǸλǰæֻƾǼ棬岻סҴˣЩɢӣλȼСơ
ȾͳһĹĵĺɰװĶһһ˷һӣϯ˵ʱҲˣλذɣڽϵ飬Ҿ͵ûҴڶһȣҲܵ˳ͷԺҲٴ͵ˡ
ϯֵͬĳͷȻֹһ㡣
ҵĲƲȫߣҪһ˸ϵȥסһû·˰Ͱ蹵⡭Ȼôϯͬȥ


578 ϯַͬ1

˵һӣ˺ôûپϯֲͬš
˷׷ϯлȻǣظҡ
˶߹˺󣬸ϯֵͬҲϯͬˣϯӰһ˶ǰ
δȶ˷ӦͼǰһѪ˳ֻ첲˵ϡ
ʹĶϯ֣ͬסϱۣѾͷ㡭
ϯǵĻһ첲һǲ
ãݣơ߸Ӻ˶ݺݶһ仰ͺһһϯͬһֻ첲Ҵˡ
ƼС㣬ߣ͸ֱɱǣһ˰ˡ
ȾҲͷŻɽС㣬һ첲ǲưոݵġ
֪ҲûôŹѽϯֿ죬ЦˣҲǲӰ⡣
ӽӵ⣬󲿷ֶϲҪõڵƷһ˼Ұϲ¾Ͳˣմϻ
С㣬ϣȻǼӣֻ²Ǵү˵Ķ֡Ǯ˹µ
Ӷ࣬ϯﵽһߣЦС㣬ү̫ˣΪӣʲôóȥһҪү̫̫ǣպҪСĵ㣬𱻴үˡ
ϯǰϯͬΪӣɰ¶ֻǣǰϯֳͬɹˣҺһˡ
ǰ˷ûϯֵͬóѡ
ڣϯͬǷһծ᲻ԼҵĲҵʹ˶Ʋ⡣
ϣϯֲͬû͵ӣһȣֻѾˣԺֻҪлᣬϯͬһֻһݺҧ
ԣһܸϯͬᡣ
ϯǮӣպʮÿ϶ҹúӣ£Ӷ͵С£ֻϯֹͬǽɳɱ˷ŻĶ
ңǮףٸūƴҪҲҪڵϴһ١
ϯͬôױˣǰҲͲΪӣͰѶһȫ
ϯֵͬһ˵ֻ»ֵǧӡ
ϯǮӼ˼䣬ȻƼȾˣһֱڰδ¶档


579 ϯַͬ2

ֱӣ߳Զһξ룬ϯźһš
С㡣
ϯǰ
ϯ磬Ҹһ취ϯֺͬͳһȥ
֮Ըһֱŵ۸ΪһڣĸͷΣܻѹȥ
ֻгϺϯֶͬͣˣ󷿵ˣͲٴ⣬˲л·Ȼһӣֻ¶Ӳѱѹˡ
ϯͬûǰ۸ˣʱ䳤˶Գϲܲʣֻ¾ҪĲˡ
ϯﲻһٶıƣһݣôһҲûȥƶ
ǣС㣬磬һȥƼöûʲôֻ¡
ƼʵС㣬Ƕĸӵȡˣ
ϯƲƲ죬˵СôƯôɱˣҲǲٿǶĸǰұQڵʤúùӡ
С㡭
ʱ֪ˡ
С㣬ǲǻȥ·Ҫȥ
ȻȥҽݡȻҪԸϯֺͬͳϵҩ
ƼȾϽȥ
˵ʤලϯҴһˡ
ڶ磬ƼͰϯҪҩ˳š
죬ʤǱ߾ʹϢ˵ϯֺͬͳĸӶ˲֪Ϊ˺³ܣ֮ϱϯָͬˡ
ûãϯּͬˣҲ˴̼Ҳˡ
ˣĸӶ˻һзˣڴϣֿЦģѴ󷿵ڵļɹȮ
磬ʤķӾ͹Ϲȥִ֡
ֻǣСãûϯ˷ӣԷӵҲˣҰﲻǲȥʵ߲һͶ¿ɲУܲΪ󷿵£ͺҰɡ
˵ˣдִ֣ҲòҰֳϱȥҰȥˣ˸˵Ұﲻ£˵Ұ۸ֶϱֶϱĹܼȨҿɲҰƽ޹ʵıԣӣȥ仰ү˵ʤ飬ǷˣǷּҶˣǱߵ£Ұίʵò֣ҰˣҰһȥʤ̺̽ʹ󲮵ġ
ϯһ˵ķҲ˵ʲôͰ͵ˡ


580 ϯַͬ3

ϯҲ˱湦裬ĵĴһˮʮ⣬棬ģȥʤ̽Ϻϯͬ֡
󣬾͸ϯ˵СûӴū˵СĶ䣬ǡԺ˯ڴϡǶĸӣҲǱӦõз磬˵˵ˣòˣҪ̱һӡ
˺Ƽ˵ֻãǶĸӶ̱ˣպǻôǶ
ϯС㣬ǰץˣڲǽҪҪ
ɣˣһԲκ
ǣС㡣ƼĦȭƵӦ
ϯˣָǰϱߵˡ
ˣϯﵱʱͿԷĲŻ⿳һһֻ첲ʱʲôҲˣ˶
ڣϯַ̱ͬˣҲʱˡ
ϣϯƼȾˣԳһˣȥϯҴ󷿵Ĳ԰ҳ˵ˡ
ƼһҩȥϢĽ˴˲԰
ֻǣھһ䷿ſʱ洫һŮӵĿ޺һЩг
ϯŲһ٣뵽ʲôƼе죬ǡɵ
ǵãϯͬ־ǰ|԰ɸӳֻǣϯֶͬ״ȥˣҲ֪ûлϡ

ϯʱˡ
ҴֵµˣҴҲôĹλεñӣǺǣҲ֪Ҵ󲮴治
С㣬ϯֻͬ²֪أųûãӻΪӵ£æĶûʱɣɵҲ󣬾ȻҸϯִͬñӣǺǣ֪ϯ֪ͬ˺󣬻᲻Ūȥ
ߣȥʤһˡ
ôõ飬ϯϯͬ֡ϯַͬˣֻ֪ҲʲôǾ͸ϯˡ
ϯ֪ԼϵС檱͵ӣһϵѵСɣ
ϯϲ󷿵˹ҧرǱѹˣǰ˰һӵˣ͸Ȳˡ
ϯȥһƫƧ֮أ˺󣬾ֱȥ˵ʤֽʣдһֽذ׶ϯ巿ľϡ
ڶ죬Ѿһ̴̺𴲣пľϵذףŵʧС


581 Ļ1

ϯֽϵֺűסʱࡣ
ڵϣϯˣȥ˲԰ۿɺͲ԰һڴ|϶|Ƹ|飬ϯﲢ֪
ΪϯӲ԰ĵڶ磬ϴѼѹϯס
ϺѼڣϯЪȥ԰Ϸ˼סѼѵľpӦ˺Ѽ˯һ˵˴ҹĻ
ʵһҰмҪùõġϯҪ˯ʱѼ˵
ϯԴһЩʵʲô°
ǶĻ£Ұ̿һֻǣµùùȻǹǲϼ޸硣
Ѽ˵ϯһ˯棬˲ûӰˡ
ű㣬˭ҵĹҰ
һ˹ùú͹øˣûֻǣøԶţԣҲֻйùǹ
ϯ⣬һ飬ĿתĿű㣬㣬˵ǹҰɣ
ôܣҰ̿ţҰôϲ㣬ô޸磬ҼңǲԶˡ
ϯϯҶĴС㣬ңҲһ廧ϲҲӰѰȢؼϱǲǺ˰һô
Ͱݣպ϶Ҳһ˼ҵү磬Ǹ˴򹤸ɻһСơ
СôϴС㰡
ϯԣͺݺһȻŤҲ磬ֻǣһֱѶ統׸翴ҪǼ޸ҡ붼ȥ롣
ϯǣ磬ֻүҲӦ
ү飬ǿֻǡǰ֮˵ļ޸ҲΪˣϯϯҶĴС㣬ңҲһ廧ϲҲӰѰȢؼϱǲǺ˰һô
Ͱݣպ϶Ҳһ˼ҵү磬Ǹ˴򹤸ɻһСơ
СôϴС㰡
ϯԣͺݺһȻŤҲ磬ֻǣһֱѶ統׸翴ҪǼ޸ҡ붼ȥ롣
ϯǣ磬ֻүҲӦ
ү飬ǿֻǡǰ֮˵ļ޸ҲΪˣ


582 Ļ2

ϯæһںŪȥſеĹﵽһ㣬͸¡
ѼѺٺٵЦߵݣô̵۹ðɣ
ݣϯ˴ȻūҪ磬͵ȥūС
ţհùùðݽū
ūҪ͵ȽūȻպĺӣҲūһ𱻼ūһӣﶼֻū
ֻнūպŻū
ūܼ򵥣ֻҪݵȥٸµǼһµūΪɡ
һס˺ЩӣǲǾʱ򣬿ݣϯ󣬾ͺʵ
ѼЦҡͷ´ˣǰһʼݣǶ翴ݣȻ˵ģҲϲݣŻס
ϴΣֵ˵ʱϯԸÿնֵܺȣ˾ӺʯԷûѾߣͼСˣչ˲ôˣϯ;ݼѾȥ˾ӺʯԷæ
ͷȥͲˣͱɵˡ
ɴ綨׺󣬾͸̹Ȣݣ˭֪û˵Ŵ¡
֮ŴףͰݵ²˭Ҳûߡ
ΣŴ׺ҹζ࣬٣ؼ̹׽һС
Ҳǿݳģݺ˽⣬ҲϲڿݣǣϴӦ˶Ӻ󣬾ͻ𼱻ǵ
ϯЦԺҽݶɩˡ
ǺǣҲҶɩӡ
ѼЦĵϯȥҴɩȥȥ
ȥһûɩأóλȥʶ˶٣ֵҰ˵ɩһֺ幤ʱ巻ӻԺʹɩЩҲܶ׬Щӡ
巻СƷ׬ӣһ£Ҳ׬ǮֻнӴƷһ²׬һӣȻǰҪ幤ã巻Ĺ²ŻѴӡ
Ѽʮ巻ӻѾ˺ü꣬巻ĹҲʶȫԽӴֻҾѼһ˻幤һ˽Ӳ̫Ļ
Ҳ幤ֻˣ۾ЩѾ̫ϸƷ


583 Ļ3

Ѽ۾һϲõ԰ԺҿԺʹɩһӻлл㰡ҪѣҶû뵽¡
΢죬ߴ˵һЩֻǲ֪ʲôȥʴɩܺһӻǾ͸á
ѼҪӻܵӣö౸Щױֻǣ⻰û˼ϯ˵
һûһģһֱĵҹŽ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ϯ˸𴲣ƼЦеĽˡ
ѼҲڣƼͰѵڵĻȥȻ󹧹̺ϯﴩϴֱѼȥéޣƼŻϯ
С㣬ϲ԰ˣϯүȥץˣ󣬻С檹һ𣬰Ӵιǡū澶Ҫûۿˡ
Ƽһ˵ıӣﻹ˺üϯү治ǶȻʳϵС檶Ҫ˯ŶˣǸݺ񻹻ˣӶԻˣ£Ӧϯү֣ϯүǹҪŪĺӣڵĿ޵һҹֻǣǺɱһޣǶӾȻʲô¶ûУ˵ֲ֣
֪ѼѻȥãˣƼ˵ĺܿ죬ҲҪ˵˵󣬻һꡣ
ϯɾȻ˵飬Щ⣬תֻ˵ԲģϯֵͬĶӣҪȥ԰£ºˣĺӣϯҴ󷿶ܳϣҪĸƾӹΣֻҲҪˮһա
С㣬µĲ컹ûϯڹ˺󣬾Ͱɸϳ˲԰ڣ޼ҿɹˡ
ãӣǱӦȾ
ɵıӦЩˣϯܸˡ
ƼˣȥϢɣҺͱȥɩͲøˡ
С㣬ūһҲūȥɡòҪȥɲ뱻С㶪ڼͷ˯
֮ˣرܹרҵѵİһ޲˯Ǽ޲˯Ҳܳŵס
ϯȷʵ͵ͷȥ׼Թ緹Ǿ̡
ǣС㡣
Ƽֵֵߵȥˡ
ûãѼѻˡ
Ѽѵȥ˹Էù糿Сã˵Ҫȥ緹
ȵңȥһ·һȥ
Ѽ˵ţͼȥ˰Ÿס


584 Ļ4

ԷϷԸһʢ緹Сӣͷڱȣ硭
ףôóԵģֵĿϣ˵㵱ʱأô෹ʳԵꡣ
ס٣òһΣŮҲ뾡ТЩóԵġҼС|ֵϴ˵Сóԣҽ˼ԳԿζûб䡣
ûû䣬һóԡССһһϳԵͣζǸζҳСգ治
ǵȰȥʱóһЩЩȥð簢ɩǶ
ӣһȸϳԡ
ϵֳãⶫֲǴģûӵģѽӣɵúúüƻܳ³µ׶ӡ
Ͽ󣬻ӡ
ӣŮеġЦҼҺʹ˺ǼҲͲҼռˣ⼸£Ǯۡ㹻ˣͷİɡ
լʱӣˣﻹ¡
ЦŵͷˣүǰͰծ񶼻ˡ
Цˣ˾ͺãţôӶУǱǷծǷ˼ҵģ˯᲻̤ʵ
ϯ˰࣬ЦţͷİɣҰƣ⣬׬ӣðǳԲġ
㰢ԲҾͰǶȥׯԣ㰢һ˶ӡЦ
ѼЦ˵ҺͰҲаˡ
ͰסաϵһΣҲסգڴûʲôмɩڣҺòã
۰Ͱ͵Ŀϡ
ԥˡ
ϵҼ޵ϯʮˣ⻹ǵڶҼסóүżҪͰҹ̸òã
ãȶɵ¶ٻȥ
ϴӦˡ
ϺܸˣݺͶɵ
Ͽϯ˵ô
ܺðݺҴСһ𳤴ҲǰСĹʲôˣҲ֪ڿ죬ϳԿ࣬ͣ˵һũҹҪõöࡣ
˻ƯǸŴ˵һٸŴҲֲһݡ


585 Ļ5

ЦеĵͷǾô˵ˣ㰡ԹȥٸһˣȰݵūˣȻҾȥýŹףŶˣ£ǻø˵һϾ£ҲþͬС
ţȻ˰ݺ˽ȥū¡
˺󣬷Ҳˡ
ϺȥˣϯѼȥ̽ɩ
ɩסıȽƫƧߵͬڣͽȥˣϯѼֻ·ȥ
ûɩأ˴ɩĸϡ
ѼһΣʶڼѼʱʮ⣬׼Сӣǣ
ɩģɩڼô
֮ǰҲûкѼЩ˼ϵһˣ˵ڼңѽһ쵽Ͷڼ
ЦеĵͷǾô˵ˣ㰡ԹȥٸһˣȰݵūˣȻҾȥýŹףŶˣ£ǻø˵һϾ£ҲþͬС
ţȻ˰ݺ˽ȥū¡
˺󣬷Ҳˡ
ϺȥˣϯѼȥ̽ɩ
ɩסıȽƫƧߵͬڣͽȥˣϯѼֻ·ȥ
ûɩأ˴ɩĸϡ
ѼһΣʶڼѼʱʮ⣬׼Сӣǣ
ɩģɩڼô
֮ǰҲûкѼЩ˼ϵһˣ˵ڼңѽһ쵽ͶڼЦеĵͷǾô˵ˣ㰡ԹȥٸһˣȰݵūˣȻҾȥýŹףŶˣ£ǻø˵һϾ£ҲþͬС
ţȻ˰ݺ˽ȥū¡
˺󣬷Ҳˡ
ϺȥˣϯѼȥ̽ɩ
ɩסıȽƫƧߵͬڣͽȥˣϯѼֻ·ȥ
ûɩأ˴ɩĸϡ
ѼһΣʶڼѼʱʮ⣬׼Сӣǣ
ɩģɩڼô
֮ǰҲûкѼЩ˼ϵһˣ˵ڼңѽһ쵽Ͷڼ


586 Ļ6

յ䣬ӣȡЦ
ʵʵ˵Ѽ֣Ȼϯܸʶ
쿴ϯ۾Цеϴſڣ˴ɸ磬ɸãտǼˡ
ɸ˵õ幤رãһţռ˱ãҲ̱һ˵ţЩ˼߾ģʱȥ巻ֻǼһֱû󳤽ҪҰ巻ĹϤǶҽӴ
ʵҲ巻µϯ֣֪ϯ幤رãŻ£ϯָһ
ϯǫЦЦҵҲһ㣬·ϣһͱ˵͵ʦء
˶٣ֵɣ⼸գҼסÿչһһѧϰɩ˵أ
Ǹãƽһ飬ҰͲء
ɩ˾ô˵ˡ
ãһΪ
СֺǺǵ˵ŻһݺõĲˮæȥӹϯѼѵ˱ˮ
ˮЩǣһЩҶɫģһڣζЩࡣ
Щ˼˵ҶҰ˼ģһЩֲ裬Ǳ
ѼЦǽɣžһ㣬ôҰأһ·Ҳڿˡ
˵ţӣͺ˴뱭
һɵĿɬζζĲôãȿζͻһɵĲζҲǺѺȡ
Ѽˣͺһ
״Ѽѵ˼֣Ұ˼һƬС԰õĲҶȥˣʣĴֲ裬᲻ӵԼ˺ȣҼÿõĲҶҰģϰˣҲͲѺȣżûȣء
ڼպȾˮպȵİˮȲ裬ҰһղȲ裬ͳԲȥҼĲҶǹùùø͵ģ᲻øǺȣһ˺ȣҪˣдãżҰҪһѲҶҰ᲻ãҰ̾ͻ˵Ұǲ
˶ƣ⣬óԵģȴֻҶ˺òҶһţ˭Ҳһ¡


587 Ļ7

Цˣ˵ҼõĲҶûУֲҶǲ٣һѼЩȥ˼ҳֻҶζ࣬Ҳ֪˼Ұȡ
ȣ϶ȣҰϲȲ裬ܺòһ裬ϲȣҶû˵ʱҰԼȥɽϲһЩݲɹˣҶźȡ
ѼѺİľһЩøˡ
֡
ϯҲЦˣǵһ֪⹫Ȼһӡ
պҰ⹫ЩҶȥȥɽҰҰˡ
Ѽѵͷ갢ûȥɽϴιøҶһĲˮ
ϯ֪ǲҶǷƹ͸ȵģҵĲҶ̣ÿ²Ҷƹ񶼻һ͸ȣֻһڼдãĶȥҡ
֪⹫Ȳ裬ԷƹҶʱҲûܾˣתȥңֺˡ
ֶһϴɾкÿƻ˽ѼѵĻ󣬽ӿڵԭ׼ҰϲȲ裬ãҰϻмõû򣬸ȥȥ׼Ұȡ
Ѽһ΢죬ڨڨĵòãĸ׼ҰӰɣҰյ˲ٲҶ㹻ˣҪǶ˺Ȳ꣬꣬ɾҪɳ²ˡ
Ǿ͵괺ٸ׼Ұȥϵ
ѼѲپܾЦŵͷˡ
Ϸ¹̣ȥЩ˻緹ٻȥ
ĸҴһЩڿϯָָƼһֵЩ߲˶ҼԺԼֵģÿժ˲ٹ㹻ǳˡ
ʵ죬Ҳˡ
һĲˣ⣬ֻص㣬һٸȻ߲ˣˮ
òӭʱȷʵһѾ·Сϱһ
ֻǣæдСҲ¡
ȥһӴӴöˡ
ĸȾƼȥһɣôˣһҲæϯЦ
ϾЦеĿѾߣ˵ǾȾƼˡ
̫̫࣬£ֱӷԸū澶˾ǡȾ΢΢һ
Ƽһ𣬿ϣ̫̫
ҵԺӺСһСԺ䣬һ䷿ӣмݣӴ˺ͳԷõģһϺͰһסһ䣬᷿һǳһǰĵܵסġ


588 Ļ8

ƼȾȥ˳
ϯˣȥ˰ķ˵
ѼѺʣôûɩĵܵܣ
»ȥѧԺˣҪŻ
Ѽ̺ĵܵڶ飬ѧʺܺãͻ¿
ѼͻȻ˰ڴϵļ£˷ܵĴչȥɩļ£
ãֲңƯƣȥģ찡һɩ̫ˣôտ幤巻ĹôӴƷ
ʵҲ巻²ýӣֻǽӴƷҪʮӵѺҺͰｻѺ𣬾ûӣÿζֻܽС
СƷֵӣýѺҲܽӻɴƷϷþͺܸߣ巻Ҳ½ӻ˰Ѷ廵ˣʱû⳥巻еʧԣ巻ҲΪ˱鷢Żᶨء
أÿ巻УϯҲ˺öҲһей档
ϯұҲöˣҪһƷѺҪûУҿȽǡΪ˹˼治˼裬ϯֲһ䣬׬ӣٻҾǡ
⡭ãǲˣԼܹˣٽӴڣҲͦã˵ˣڸױҲûʱȥӻˡ룬Ǿܾˡ
ԸϣرǿŮˡ
ǷǮûǷѻ
Ƿ飬һͷ
СͱϽ̵ɳԿ࣬ҲǷ顣
Ѽ죬Ȱ˵䣬ϯ˵ҲãɩɲˣˣҲϯױɩǿһˣһ˿ɲ
ǰǰɩҸ㣬ӣҪӴȴӱüգǽˣȻӻˡ
ѼָһˣһƷһҪһ²꣬һƷĹǮӣ£¾꣬һ£ǾͿԽƷ׬ӣ£׬ʮӣ¾ܰѱõӻϣǻʣ¶򼸸ÿͷء
£׬ƷѺ֣ȷʵðĶ
ǣһ뵽ûҴţҪǷõ飬;ܾˡ
һȽСҡЩӶҪæױûѼѣҪҪҲȽСҡпˣһӴ
ѼЩʧ뵽ʹɩ׾Ҫɻ飬Ҳû룬ɩȷʵҪѼױҲûƷ顣
ϸɻˬ죬û磬һӷ˾ˡ
˷ϯѼŰһ£̫ɽʱ˲ǣԼһŰױ
ȥ·ϣѼѵ˵ɩΪβȥӴ׬ĸôһΪӦأҾͲĸ˿嶫׬ӹҵܵܶ飬Ӵ׬ӣǸôң׬ӣʱҲܸԼðһЩļױ
ѼѴСһųţ˽ĸŮվϹжǿ
ϯﵹЩװ
ϯǻףգȰƸ͹ȥﲻнӴѺô
ð취ôû뵽Ѽ˷ܵץϯ첲ܿͿ˵ɩƸӣʮأѺʮӾ͹ˣɩ㹻Ѻ϶Һˣһüء
˺üӣѼѶˡ
Ҳ弸ȴ磬Ļȴ
һδҲûӹɣҪٵһȣȴɩ޽֮ںʹɩ
⡭ʱֻºҲ˶ˡ꣬Ҳüˡ
ϯ֣ԭں޼ء
ޣ˭޼ءѼ˹ȥʹϯ
ϯġ
ͻȻζһ£ϯһûȣͳǰȥԵȾӦʱסûԴǡ
Ѽ󵹣׿ϣôһ죬۵ѼѰӴһԴ
ϯȺæֹȥ㣬ҿ˵ϲء
ûû£ûѪǡһСеۡСۣۿ˺òá
ֻǣôˣ˾̫
ϯתͷƼȥô¡
Ѿͣˣϯﻹ˵


589 ݵ³1

С㣬ūôɵƼһ˵ţһߣūȥǲ
ϯɫ˳ȥƼ˵ӴⲻôӺ󣬲Ӧܺôôѽѽ㻹أĺĸӴ찡ⲻǹɵģҪҸ˸Ӱɣ
Ƽһ죬ֵϵ˶ü
ʱΧпֵΧ
ƼߵǰŶŸӣ̱ڵһŵɣЦϧˣϵҼС㣬ļҵүԣһӣҲû˻ϧ㣬ҼСɲϧһӵˡ
ǵģûɣҡֻǱһ£ûվȡһϵϯͺˣæŴӣվʧҡû£ģû¡
ûѽƼЦһǾͺãȻû£ǾһǰˣҪСүӷֺ󣬾ҹˡ
˵˵ţƼɵߵģ̫̫أת˵ɰ⼸£Сһֱ㣬ֻһֱûҵ˵Сγʹūأ
ҡҴˡͨһǰųͷ޵С㣬ū澴ˣū֪ˣС㣬ͷū澰ɡ
ǺǣͷƼĴӣôһӣҼСôͷ㣿
һô˻˵СĺĺӶŹ
ҿ㲻ϴģҼСİɣ
ǣūûУū֪ˡɹǰ˼˳ǰų޵С㣬ū֪ˣأС㣬ū澺ˣū澲үĻȥСүū澺úڰСү£Ȼū澾ֲСүģء
ɿ޵ģֻΧȺǣ׷׶֮ġ
ѽ˼ҼȻѾ֪ˣǾԭɣ˵СүûôȻû£¾ͱŲˡ
ūһûʱ֪ܸľͺá
ӣͦŸء


590 ݵ³2

ɲҪ޳ô̥ô죿
Χˣһԣһ䣬׷׶ָϯΪ
ϯƿ˳
վϣӸµĶɣЦ֪ˣ
ɼˣ۾ֵܿͷһڣС㣬ū֪ˣū֪Сһԭū澵ģūҲСԭ£պū澻ţծСԭ¡
ծţȷʵǷһծһѪ𣬡ôţծ
ū澡ūպһú̺С̫̫ū澸۵ĻūҲһԹԣһᾤҵҵİѻãСūһĻᡣ
ԴڵϿ˼£ĵĺ죬ŶĺˣϵСʯӶĦ˼ϸϸѪۡ
ϯԴð죬˵ĳҪķϣҸһᣬʹҺҰȥʤչҴ󲮰ɡ
Դ̵һ죬ɫȻ԰ףŵҲ΢΢
ϯûְ㣬Ҵ̱ˣԺ˯ڴϣҪֻ̺㻹ӣֻҲ̺ʲôÿվιҴ󲮳Ժˡ
ιϯֳͬԣ
ϯҴ󷿵ˣóȥ
ɲԸ⣬ǣΨһһٻϯҶĻᣬʧ
ϵС㣬ū澺þû̫̫ˣܲūȥ̫̫
֪ϯĺײϣ̫̫ȴĳĺֻҪȥϣһޣ˵˵ԼĿദһȥ̺ϯͬ֡
ʱֻҪߣò˶ãڶķˮ˵ܡ
̫̫⼸Сóիûռ㣬ˣ㻹ɣƼȥʤ
ٿϯ˵꣬
죬˵ʲôƼ͵ɣʲôأ㻹С㻹ȥ죬С·СĴ£㵣ô
ɲ˵ʲôˣæߵһߣȥ
Ƽû˺Ƽɣ˵߰ɣȥʤʤﲻԶ컹ţǸϽϹȥ
ҡҶۡ
ͻȻסӣһ۵ܡ
Ƽ˼ɱңҿû㣬Ҳûӳţ㡭Ķۣ


591 ݵ³3

µҶ̥ܲܰȥҽݿҡҵĺӣ㣬Ⱦҵĺӡ
Ƽϣðһ亹Ųװġ
͵⸽һʼҽݣҷȥӣԸϿһǮû
ǴˣƼҲһֻǵϡ
һĵͷܷȥҽݣѾܸмˡ
һλֵ긾ˣסʼҽԱߣ⸾߹ĵĲһߣʼҽݾҼҸڣŴҽܺãֻҪ̥Ĳ󣬺Ӿܱס
˶٣̾˵࣬ӣﻹȥ̺ģԼҪ̺ء
û취Ϊūţɵľ̺˵Ļȥ̺ˣôѽɺ۾š
긾˰һ˵Ҳǣ˵ūţ´帾ĸˣǻڵʳţеĻѺڵģΪһڱԣ࣬ء
֮󣬸˾û˵ʲôˡ
ʼҽĲԶ˰㹦͵ˡ
˺ŴϤҽݣ˾ͺŸ磬Ÿ磬һλи̥
䣬ŴʹӺԺ첽˹иľϣӣȥҵˮиȡ
ϣŸ磬иһ·һֱۣ쿴ܱܲסҲһСأסɡ
˵꣬ȥ˺Ժ
ɺúŴҪȴȴƼҡҶˣܲܰȥҡͭ塣
˵ţĸͭƼ
ƼüҲû˵ʲôͭͳˡ
ƼһߣˣŴ򣬿޵ıҡû̥ҡֻû취ˣŻƭǵģŴ㣬ܲܡ֪ôҪ󲻶ԣǣأҲû·ˣŻôˣһ·ɡ
Ŵҽʮ꣬ʲôûѽһڣ֪ʲô˼
Ŵɫʱѿ
ף˵£ҲҴҲһϷΪ֮
˵꣬ȥ˺Ժ
̤ż˶ˮ̫̫
ŴиڲʣúˮˣӣѱӸңûس㻹ǸϽȥɣϵܻڼء


592 ݵ³4

ҽ݃ȣŴǰŸߣƼʹݶ˽ȥ
ƼЦ˵ȻװҾ˵أ·˰죬㶼û̥СһߣͶ̥ˣôɵ¡
һҽݣ֧ң浱ɵӣϷأ
Ƽһ˵ţһöͭ壬߽ɣɣȻû£Ǿһȥʤ
˶٣һ޺ޣֵˣУҸ㣬ûãȥʤ̺ү£ǰ϶ˣʲôУı䲻ˡ
ɶʱˡ
޵⣬أƼҰɣҷģպҲС鷳뿪ݳǣԶԶģҲòã
ǹСİɣƼһӣڴߣֵΪ޼䣬Сͻ㣿
Ǻǣ̫ˣүŻضĴء
һΣҪҵĿ죬үᱻ˸ĥǺүİ֮һΪС㻹Ľ㣿
ƼһЦ̫ı顣
ɿˡ
һΣĿˣ޵رģر
޵ҺˣͺˣҲΪ˰үŵȢ飬ҾͳүҸҸܵӦƼĺˣҲԷģԺҲѶҡ
ˣһֻιİǣһڵҲû˻㣬С͸Ӳ㡣ƼϷ˿ɫֵ㻹ǸϽЬӣٲߣҪˡ
ƼţɲˣС
ڣ֮ǰƼ͵˵ʤ
Ĵ󷿣Ժϯ÷Ժһϯ÷˵㡣
Ժ£ϯ˵㡣
½ŵĴ̣Ҳ뵱Ůˣɼ̱ӣһ쵽ҽҩѻٲ˵̱ӻһ쳳ϣϣûֵֺֿͣļûһܺú˯þ
ңӲḻ벻ǷһծҪң͵⵹ӡ
᲻á
һԹԲ֨Ĵ̣Ҳȥһĵõӣòһ˵ĳԺ˯
˵ɣ̺ҹˣ̶ɣ´˺ü飬ջߣǾүҹɡ


593 ݵ³5

ùãҵİţûɣ̿ϯ÷Цһ档
ϯ÷ɨһɵĴӣȻظҴ͵ӣĺӣϯҵ֣ȰѺ˵ɡ
ţסùøһŶˣùãǶҵūţ˵ڶϣùɸ˹ȥûɵɣܲɶǴ󷿣ڶɡ
ǰϱֻܵûɵպɣ˳ˡ
Ƽڴ󷿻ܵεȴɽ˴󷿺󣬾ͻ
ʮ·ݣϯ͵õϢϯѴ󷿺õһƬׯȫˣΪǷֵǮ򲻵ˮԻһ߼ۣһһǧӡ
ϯϵİǧծ˺󣬻һ͵꣬ѳ֪ǧǷҲһˣ֮󣬴ûծһᣬҲ޶Ǯ
֮Ϊ༸ӵתϯԼĴ˸ˣһȶϯҵӣҲһ
ʮ³ýţס
ýһˣɶֵܡ
һݣֵǸϺȻɾĿɣܣ˵˶ôó
ɿʱͨ죬ĿİͰ˵áùã㽻ݡ
ӻͳһݸϡ
ϯչȥһһӰŵһӡ
ʵĵģĲᡣ
⡭µĹǮģȻӲ࣬ùøݣԺһŬ׬ӣ֤򼸼ΣڣҲֻί
˵⻰ʱ߾ͨ죬ǹĿİͰͰѻ˵ˡ
Ϻ⣬ЦŵͺãǸùЩģѽɻǵŵ㣬ɲΪЩۻӡ
ţùãһעġ
ϿӿϱҲܸˡ
ϵۼȻǴ󸻴˼ңһ֧ӣǻõóģȻӣǰ̾͸׼һ֧Ӻˡ
ũȢϱжʮӺһĵƸѾܺˡ
ϻҪټһ֧ӣȻǿϵķϣ档
Ȼһӣ϶ϱӣϴϱҲٲˡ


594

ȥӣһģһ֧ӣһֲֻһ
ֱ飬񣬻
ݵӣǼ
ǶʮƸûмˣ㣬ԺݵļˣƸҾͽˡ
ͳʮƱӣһϣϡ
ýЦۣѽ̫̫ĳһǵһμ
һŮףƸӶ̸ڵʱģھ͸ҲǸϺݵӡ
ϵЩһᶼԼȥܣʮӣ͵ѹӣʱ޹ȥôҲڰ̺ô꣬͸ҵһŮһʱһðһݼױ͹ȥ
⡭ùãôҪĶֻҪݼ޸ңҾͺܸлˣױͲˣùùøҪһˣҲĲףùӣΪðױɡ
ǸʵˣҲ˵ʵڡ
ϱ֤ù÷ģһǮױûУҲῴһһӶãҸ
ţӺ͸öϱã㰢ʹ󲮰弸ɴδǵϱҲδǵϱԺҲܴϱϱҪǵİúѧųϱŮģֻҪ˳ţŻõĹӡ
Ϊˣô˻ᣬ̵һӡ
ֵ࣬ţš
һԵýţЩĿϣ˵˺ýŵ̫̫ɻûϱɣиŮպãҪҸȥ
ɵ£ɵȲżһЦžܾˡ
ɶɵ£Ȼˣϱûء
ѼѺһ󣬼ѼѶûףɵ£˵ɡ
֮ǰӨӨڣϾͼɶ£ڣӨӨˣɵ£Ϸǲżˡ
ң۹ߣҪԼϲϱϺĸɿ˺üɶûУֻȰɶ׵·һ˵
ýһ˵ĺ˺ߣ˼ҲԸ࿴ҲǿӲ
ǿɵĿ⣬ԽԺݵ£Ҳϡ
̸£Ƹ֮Ͼ͸ýһȻý뿪ˡ


595

ýһߣϾѾߴȥ԰ݼһ档
ɸмĸϹ񣬡лùãֶˡ
һ¡Ͻסɣ֧óݸɣȻԸĶǾԼ͸ݡ
ùãҡ
׵ĴСˣʲô˼ģţݻں԰ء
ԣҲ˲ò˼ˣֽӹӣ͸Ѿȥ˺԰
ָȥıӰЦ㿴СӣϱûȢأ˼ȫϱˡ
ЦǺǣ뵱粻Ҳӡ
ǻŴǰģ꣬㰢Ȣҵʱ򣬻͵͵ŹԺǽȥҡ
ʱǵ飬ð⣬СǶڣѧˣҲתƻŮţ˵ʲôʱ𣿡
ǰӵˣ˵Ѯ
Ǿͺãٲ͸ˡϯͬȥʱţûȥ
֮ϯҴ󷿵顣
˵ﰢ̺ʹ󲮶̱˷ˣŮڼңҲҪǵЩƷȥһТģ˵
£Ů֪ɣŮ֪ˣ϶ҲѹϾͬѪֵܣ˭Ҳϣͷ̱ˣҲıӦˣү
ûˣ˵󷿵ʱĵɫΡ
ϣ˶ȥѾ߹ȥ̺򡣡
ɵѾϯʤҪɵʱϯﲢδɻϯҶѾߣȥʤﾡТˡ
ӣվͻׯѼѣѾס˲죬Щӣϯͷɩܡ
ɵƸӣѾϣóʮӣȥ˴ѼѺϯȥæԭµƷһ
£ĸŮͰʮӵѺ׬ˡ
ǶʮƸӣȥӣ˼ױӣѹá
գǻȥɩ𣿡
ݶµĵڶգѼѾЩԥʵ
ϯ￴Цô㲻Ըȥ
ǵǣӣдɩͲĸ̵ҵ幤˲٣ֻǣմɩĵܵڼ˹ȥ᲻Ӱ飿
ѧԺÿ£ѧżټգվѧϢӡ


596

ÿ죬ϯϴ߲ˮ⣬ֻɱõĸ
⼸գѼҳԼˡ
Ѽѿһﰡܻܲһ԰ɩ˵ׯ˼ֻѼѼҲ
ѼŴˣһֻҲûʣ¡˶ʮֻûȥɹѼŴʱˡ
ѼׯͼֻǡѼд졣
óԵĲˡ
ѼѺϯȥҡ
ңϯﾹȻļ
ҾͲµ϶Цţϯ֣ʮֿģҳ緹ʹ㣬Ȼȵˡ
̡̡ٺ٣̡ǳԣóԣһ顣
һֻ˿ˮҺС֣쵽ϯǰϣһɫǿ顣
壬ǿ϶մˮˣ㻹Լ԰ɣҪԣ͸ɰϽǿ顣ץүС֣ȻȥСɰͳһǿ飬ݸϯ㣬ԣȻҪˡ
ϯ￴үȻ˫ۣڴĶﻹ˵죬̡ǣģóԡ
ʮ壬ǸСӣͱȴֻңһָͷϰԵĺˮָ˳մһֵĿˮ
ԱһСͯæóӣСŵүָܰͷ㿴ˮˣࡣ
ߣ㻵ҾҪָͷָͷ𣬺óԡ
үūȥ˺òãָͷó
ģ㲻ƭңգգ۾ĶСͯСͯƭѾСͯĻˡ
Сͯݺݵͷƭ㣬ūһȥ򡣡
ǺãҪ̳ԡ˵ţϯЦˣóԣϲԣҲϲԡ
̣ǣԡϯﻹûǿأЩżˣ̣ԣԣ㻵
ģֱţСǣǿ鶼ģͷҳ˻ˣǿȥֺð㡭ԣ壬㺰ʲôҪ㣬̣ܺǸŪСһ֡
̣ԡûܻ㣬һ˫۾ֻϯ
ãҳԡ
ϯӹǿһֻٵԴ࣬ԣýҰ㣬ú̡


597

㡭
СֱӰѰָʡˡ
ϯЦСޣͽӡ
ڳæϣϯһ߲֣һӭЦǺǵĵ֪ͼѼˣҸóһݽצԡ
ѹЩûצӣԭĸˡ
ѼѺϻˣҲ࣬ЦţָձƼȾֻ̧ʼֻצӡ
ݽצӣҼǰˡȻĿһ۳ǳԵĻ٣ǰÿݽצ嶼ڣ϶ˡ
С㣬үôãһġȰ˵
Ҫ峤һѣֻͱżֵ沸ˡ
ܸмϵˡ
ϵ˶жˣÿСүдүÿζԺĲ˸ι⣬Ҳԩ䡣
ҲүúõһˣͻȻͳɵӣ
ϯ￴үҲǸӵġ
ǰүһֱúõģûбɵ˵үɵıİɣ
Լһ˵Ҳ˳һǸ˴һ˵һӣҪϯֵͬϯͬҲаүײɵˡ
˵£ҲЩεġ
ϯ̾һһӣλ̫ҽҲõˡ
˵˵»ʵǻһλҽ̫߳ҽǹٻϼݣǰûģҪ㰢˵˵үȥݣ̫ҽſ壿
ĲĻҽΣＤˣץϯֻ֣˦˦ǴϢ֪λ̫ҽסҪȥˣҲô죿
̫ҽļͦȥˣֻҪ΢һ¾СϯҲ֪̫ҽȷַ
ǰ޽Һȴһֱż﷢İ͹ϰ˰β
ǣ̫ˣݳǵĴ򼸺޲ߡ
ϰ˵̫үһλͬڽǵ̫ҽҽΰĲֻǣԷ̫ҽ뿪ǣҪβͱѰȥǡ
ֻǣûȳϰ˰ţͳŲסȥˡ
ٺϰ߶˵λ̫ҽˡ


598

̫үųүȥ󿴲ĽҽҲλ̫ҽдŸȥģ̫֮үŴү󣬴үʹ̫̫ȥݣ̫ү塣
㣬Ĳˣҡһúлл㡭ллϢҡУھʹȥҰͰϢȥ
ϸǣȻүˡ
үһߣһ߻ͷϯᣬ㣬أҪͷһҪˣأƭӣƭңûȥˡ
ſţָСͯߣ޵ǽһί
ϯֻЦԹȸȥ´Ҹ˳ԡ
㣬ûƭң
˵ƭ㡣
Цı
ϵа취үȻؼˣеĿޡ
ϣ˵̫үҽκүĲȻ峤֪жѹءֻ°֮󣬶Ŀ
Ѽѣĸ˵кñô˶Ǻ˼ңүᱡǵġ
ϣˡʲô˵Ʒˣҿճȥ¸үϣϣ汣á
˵ţͽӡ
ϯѼȥݣ廨ȥ˳ϯ߲˹ϹƷһһϴг
ϴкú󣬼ʱ磬һ춹ȥݸȣԼֻس׼緹ȥˡ
춹ѼѾżֻ룬ȥ
սͼһߴıӰվ̨ǰһֻ룬ڹཹེź춹
Ѽһʧһ
ȻͷĿ⣬ŵѼͨͨķɿ죬Ҫ㡣
㡭
ѽѼѣôѿ͹ˣһһȥء̨ջϣѼѵĽͼæ˹˼Ľӹϵļֻ롣
ѼѰǰȣǰģΪǲ͡ûܿ춹ٻ￴ȥûõĲܵðȻط
ˣǡҲԣҲôСֵģĸҡȽȥˡ
Ѽһ㣬ҲٿһۣĻݡ
ЦѾͷƽ￴ľȵģôǻüëһ㡣


599

ɵĿ⣬ӣȰôô˼ҹأ
춹ˣȻȥˡ
ȷºû˺춹Ŀ룬ͳ˳
ķ䣬ڳڣ죬￴Ľȥ飬ű飬۾棬ȴҲûҳ˼Ͳ֪Ķȥˡ
緹ǰԵģѼûȳԷͰһ
һϣҰܵķˣ͹ȥ𣿡
ˣһܶɡϽʢõļ׷ϣҪʢϯĸһԣƼʢͺá
ǲУƼȾȻѾߣɵҼҵĿˣԷÿʢʢĵ
϶죬˵Ĺ򣬾ʢ
ƼˣͰǰȥһֵλСǰ
˷λСƼȾȥݼȥ˳ʰ
ûãѼڼͷϵߣݣֱҵéޣֻǣҪȥʱéރȴ˵ĿŵŶӣܡ
˿ڼ򵥣طСͽһéޡ
Ҳ֪档
Ѽѽݺ󣬾ͣڴԣŴͨͨ죬Ҳ֪ߵģǱġ
ϯ̽Դ͵㣬ôôͻˣˣ
ûûȥ
ŶȥһҲҪȥˡ
պȵЩ࣬ǵģЩܡ
Ѽﻹéȥ
վݣһҶ
ֱԺﴫŲһֱ᷿˿ŹŵӰѼ̽һԴ
ԺûˣѼѾԷһٶȣϽéޡ
ϯＸ˶廨ѹͲ֪ѼϸéޣȣεĶҪ߷߶
ֱѼѻһֱģϯﻹ˵㣬ôô죬Ƿ˰ɣ
ûûУֻЩȣղźȵ̫ˡ
֪ûڣź˵ġ
ϯüԷȥСʱˡ
ǸҡŻģģһûˣǺǡ
ЦãһЦϯͻĻˡ
뵽ǴɩӦòʲô£Ҳû׷ȥߣҳȥһˡ
ѼѿӰĵݺһ


600 

ֱ뿪ʱѼҲûȣĽţҲ΢΢Щ
ȥϣϯĶ㣬˵ʵڴɩǲʲôûң
Ҳ£ʲô¡Ӳ۾ȴҿϯ
ϯ˺ߣΪûʱٳȵķɨۡ
Ҫû£һı㣬ö˶˵ƵƵһ˷ſȥ
ϯ︽ԣСʵ㣬˵ʵòǿ˰ɣ
ôܡ
ѼѵЩ񣬴̵ϯۡ
ϯŶ䣬㣬ҿ飬á
ޡҾϹӣҲ߰ԴĿһС
ף㣬㲻Ͳż棬û˵ô֪ĿһУԴˣ
ϯתתϺٺЦһ㻹ϣͰ˼ȥˣǵôƭҡ
ûУûУ˵̰֪ˣҾƺӶϴˡ
ѼѼˣסϯͣ˵
С㣬ˣ³ˡ
ϯҪѱקƼ
Ѽһƿ˾ܻСԷ
ϯͲѼӰ
ϯЦء
С㣬ū翴үéĸ߳ƼЦţϯ
ϯζЦˣʲôʱ򣿡
ǵһαС˵ȥé֮󡣡
һΣ
ȥˣֻܿˣʱ˵ûȥéޣѵǡéȣ
ϯһʱ˼Ѫһܡ
ֲãһȣͻβ͵СƵģԭǺǡ
ƼС˷ܣ̲סѵС㣬Сү꣬С㻹ǴүδޣСү£ֻ²׳ɡ
ϯЦһһѣһҪϿ϶һ;ϰ£Ҿһũ¿ϡ
ϣС޸ү
޹ŮȢϱɲһŮͼеͼ޵ĺôңϱŻͣԺҲ۸ƲţǾͲһˡ
ŮӸ߼ޣҴٺôżңŮҲһͷᱻƲһţᱻĥҲпܡ


601 ƹ1

ϳҲߣżŻһЩϼҺ󣬾ܾ˱ż۸ĿദٱҲԼŮԼ·
ԣϲŻԸҡ
Ȣϱͼ޹ŮһϸȢһŴ󻧼ҵС㣬űְǶöϱ۸ȥ
ңԷҪŮúãúú÷ȣúֺϣҪֺˣϣպƴһĵ
ƼСĽͣȻСү֮ûܣС㻹ôˣСҲСң
ȻǡһĵĺţȻĮһЩȴǸĺӣҼ޸һˡ
䲻ܣΪ
С㡣ʱ˽
ϯ̧ͷһЦ˵˶ٱˣڲūˣұɩԺٺС㣬ҰС
ūҺϰˣһܸĵĹġպ˺죬ֱ֤´λע⡣
Ҫǰɩ
ôУûסѽҸ˵ʲô㣬ҪҪ㡣
ʲô£
ݾ͵磬ϯҴӵƹˣ˵ǰʳǵ͵̫̫꣬ûӦֻ˵ү
ϯҴһ̣ǰΪ˻ծϯһңʣһҡ
̵꣬ʳϯׯԲʳɽ꣬󷿵ʳһͱϯˣˣΪ˻ծϯ廹ԼĴˣһʣ
ڣûʳҪˡ
ȥʳ׼һӣϯòôӣͰĿת˶ʳϡ
꣬ʳǱмۻɣ󷿵ɽ꣬ʹ˺ϯͬûʳ̣Լڻڻ꿪ʳǼ۵ʱ
С㣬ƹĻ̫̫ǰһӣ˵ûʳӾҪˣͼҲᱻϯˣ˵ΪϯҾҵҵô꣬û뵽ͷȴһ챻³
޵ĿˣƲƲ죬̫̫ӦĲһ죬̫̫̫̫żûӦū澿ƹ뿪ʱûģǻ


602 ƹ2

ϯǺǵЦ˵ӦˣҲá
Ϊ޼䣬ᣬҾͻ׸ʳ󷿵ȥӣޡ
ĵ
Ҳཱུ˵뵱̫̫ȥʱƹıǿ׶ǳȥģֺʹǰɻǶңūŰ㣬ū澵ڶǵ
лУÿȥͣƹҪǮһһͻҪһ͵ĳӣƫƫǳưͿȥ˵۸ˡ
ںˣˮת
Ҳƹ̫̫ǰ޵ʱﶼʹ졣
ݵǵС㣬ǣջڼɣūҵƹջʱֻ̫ӻĵ׻Ǹ̫үء
ƹϯͯϯСһ𳤴һ飬һ֣ƹϰһֺ̣ϯİƹȥ˷ѧżˡ
ϯҵϯϣϯƹƹһǼʮꡣ
ðɣȥһˣ߲ĸҺͱվͲȥˡ
ūȥݲһҧԼͷԼ֮ɲٳƺˡ
ϯɸֵİһۣ㲻Ѿˣȥȳʲôˣ
߾ĺض
Ⱦ⣬ūȥ
Ƭ̣ȾʹϯԸ䣬ͳ컹ţȥһˡ
ϯҲǰȥ˹ԷһˣһΣ˵˺öǰƹĻ۸顣
ֱϱ֤ˣϯĻСԷ
ڶգȻϣƹˡ
ΣϼƹʱϯҲһԣƹһѱһѵĿҪչţϯĲף߳ϺϯֵͬĿ
ĸŮҲ֨ƹߡ
߹ˣֿĿʱſڵգҾѾ˵ˣǺʹѷּˣ̵£Ҫȥϯ壬ңֻһ˼ңһϲͨǶҲòִӵ顣
ƹ㻹ǻȥɣԺˣȥϯɣġ
ϣϯһٿˮ㣬ҲͨˣӲƹôߣ˵οҲ


603 ϯͬع

ƹļȣͼˣ̫̫һʿдϯүͶүѪͷŽֵܣҪǶүڼҵĻү϶㾡һ󷿹أôܼȣ
˵Ƕô֮˰㡣
ϺЦҲķȥȣ󷿵û·һɣ
һӺһЩʳôôͳҼˣ뵱󷿰ҼӶˣҲˣûʱҼ̻һ֧Źˣ
Ǽ꣬Ҽҵʳ̣ڼգֺȾ
У˵ʲôѪֵܣҼүһֵܣǵ˰˱ӵѪùˣô꣬󷿵۸һӵģ㶼ۿģҿûվΪһ˵һ仰һ顣
Խ˵Խ
Щ걻۸Ļ棬һһĳԺУȻ󣬱ƹ۸Ļ棬Ҳһһ˳ϿƹҲĮ
˰ƹȥ
ϲڿӽƹѺͳ˴š
ƹһޣתͷһϯɱĶŵһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
Ѻʱһ֡
ֱϯҴſڣƹŲһŵ亹
ȻǱй׷һ㣬ɿ뿪
֮ƹûˣֻǣϯ÷ϯҴΣϯϱƹΪڣ˵˴ſڣû˽š
ϯ˵ϯ˵ϣһʳ̵⡣
ʮѮϯͬˡ
ϯ϶ʮ־ȵǣϯͬһˣȻ塣
ϯͬ˵Ĵϣ֣Ҳþûһһˣ㣬ó׼СˣҾֺúúȼ
ƲƲӲӦһá
ϯүڣҲǰԺöϯ˺Ժ
ϲ˵ĸŮ߶㰢ô£֪̫̫ڴ⣬үߵô
뵽˼ûưɣ
ϯ˵ǰģ˼ҺƤء


604 

ǼҺ͵ϵûôүôᡭɫͻȻ˱䣬£̫̫ûģүװɣ
ˡ
ϯ˵淹һֱסԺ챻Ѿʹ
ԣüͷûģҲӦѵܱƻ鲻ɣ
ƻ鲻ƻ飬ϯﲻ֪֪ٲͬĻ̫̫϶ġ
Ҫģ̫̫ı
ϯϣصԷ˺ܶ࣬ѾûˣҪһ£˭кͻݵС㣬һ
ʮ꣬ҪҲҪȸ㶨żҲǡ
Ҳż
㲻Ϊż
ðɣԭһ£ģû뵽ֵˡ
磬ϯүڣϾͷԸǰԺðһϯ̳һװİ׾ƹȥϯͬϯүȼ
ϺϯϣϯүӽϯͬĿģΪ˸ϯףⲻƺȵĲˣϯͬһЩϯүͰĿ˳
ԭүϯͬͬ£õϯͬһƷΪµĶϯͬѾƺ֪Ҳܷڡ
ֻǣϯүƣϯз
ϯͬµ̳ƣ˰˳ɵˮԣϯͬѹûѵĺܣΪϯүĿģϯͬװ
ϯүʱϯͬҡͷҪҪʲô淹־ͲãһͣáˣܣǺȾơȾơ
⣬ϯͬϯүľ̳ϯүһƣݵϣܣȣһݡ
ϯүɲˣ¾Ʊø磬淹ﳤһ֮࣬˭Ȣ˭ҶдҪҼҳСѾȢףҶѾͷҵĶϱ
ǻףֶȢΪ檾ǣáˮôһ֮Ůܣ㲻ԼҶӣ˵ҶӣǺǡáҶӻСסáҪҲõȹʮٶ
٣ˣô˵ͨءϯүϯͬˣúŪƱϯͬúúãǺȾƣȾơҲˡ
һϯͬơ


605 ͵

ϯͬ˵ҪͿˣϯүͶһ̺С˵үˣȥóһѾƲ
С˵ǵĿһϯͬӦŵȥˡ
СһߣϯүͿһ۱վſһӣȻϯͬŵһ塣
Ҫ壬ϯͬͻȻһܣȡ
־ӣϯү
ϯүŵæȥһ̧ͷͶϯͬ۾ǸܣˣˣһǷطһɡ
һݣҡǲûˣ˰þ
ϯͬһСˣĺ캣
캣߹ϯͬϯүүǸҼүˣҷүطȸˡ
ϯүϯͬѾ캣ֵܶ˲ˡ
ֱ˴ţ̤ԺϯͬվֱӣķԸȥƣ׼үȥ
ǣү
ˣҲøˣȥÿţˣͺһүȥ
ϯֶͬ캣
ǲ˽ֵϯͬ첽˹Է
ѳ극żԺǰԺϢϯͬˣæվӭȥʵүôˣ
ڰ飬Ȼ뵽ˮӣȻҽտҪүɡ˶٣ϯְͬүײɣ͵飬˵ˡ
϶ʱڣүô£ôͶǼҰˣѵ淹ﶨȥˣǼҰˣ
˵峤һղһˣֻ¾ˡ峤˫һţͬõĵϵҪٷּҡ
峤µĵʮһּңүǵӣֵܷϵĶֻҲࡣ
үһֱҰ£ֻҲǵϵƲĵճӣҲպҪƼһвҵĵҼӣȻҲǵ̫̫
Ȣ淣պֻҪүƿס淺ĺӣǾ൱ƿס˰һˣҲ൱ƿסϯҶ
ү̫̫Ƕģôһϲ̨ĹǼҰҪﵽǼвƲĿģ̫棬̫ɵ
ƲǴãʵҴſڣݳǳϷϱĵ˼㡣


606 ı

޸ˣԼԭĿӣ뷨û˵Ĺһ޸˼ҵү̵ġ
ǣ˼ҼȻܾȢ㣬͸ѡһ˼ңôûûƤϴգ˼Ȣ㣬ж󰡣
ϵ淹Ҳһ򵥵ڴſڣҪҺͰ飬ˡ
һСôǲͬ⣬үҲܰӲϯͬЩƣüȰϱˣսүͻȥԺǻٸϵһɡ
ԷѾǼˣֻ˼Ҳװݡ
ϼˣˣͷ齣ЩȥЪϢЪϢ۳Ͷһ·ҲûüЪ
ϱáҡ
ȥϲߡ
ٺ١
ϯͬһ֣קһͬ˴ϡ
һߣү캣Ϳ󣬱ͻ÷·
үһصң̫̫ͼʣүôˣ𣿡
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ҪãҲվסˡ
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ϯͬǳӣǲɣǾѡ˼ңȻ˭кʵСӡ
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ү㲻˵ϯͬôҪվ˵ϯͬӦˣˣҲǲԼ˵ʲôֻҪһҧӦˣϯͬѵܷڲɣ
⵹һð취ʱһСڣҺȥˣҺϯͬˣֻҪ˵ӦˣҲû֪¿˵ô졣
ݶϣӰϢķԱһôϣ֦ïʢҶС
ƼһԷޣǲҪС㣬Ǹô죿ɲһԷ޵ıˡ
ϯüҵǺܺ棬Ϊ̫̫ϯүӾͶǼҲˣ
ѵҲιɳҺй©ˣ
˵ððլӣ˼ۺ켵ʺޣ


607 

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ʱ򣬾үϣҲţүá
ϯﹴЦǻףµԴͷΪ淹ֻҪԴͷ̫̫Ҳͣˡ
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ϯһۣ˵ôһСɱʲôҪҲҪίˡ
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һʼŵ淹Щͽ͸̫̫ϱڡҸˣ͸̫̫Σ
ۡƼ͵һڿˮȻָϽ죬Ŀܡ
Χû˾û֣С޵С㣬һУߡ
һ磬ԭ˯ԼϯүȻ淵Ĵ˹添£ţһֻСèһѱֿɰ
ֻǣϯүۣҲˡ
Ȼʹ˻еԺɨѾˣΪ淳ʲô£
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֮£Ҳ֪˭˳ȥϯҵϵ˶ϹȰο̫̫ʵǿ̫̫ĴЦ
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˵ţ̫̫ͷԸӣ淣һ·ֵĻҡ
÷·ֺһ磬ϯﳹװ½˺ʮָˣȥϯԺԽ̵ϯһȭֵϯʯժʯԡ
÷·£ϯҲû֪
ˣһֻӬһġ
գү緹㰢淣û뵽ϣͰ淸˵ⶼʲô˰ⶼҪˣ淲ʮ꣬ʮһ갡ôСҲ̵죿


608 ү

ޡ
ͿˣŮǰ˵ⶼʲô
һգﰡ¾ôȥˣԺ󶼱ˡ
ţˡ
ˣӶˡ
ɲ߰Խϯүൽ淴ȥģҲΪѵ·
ֻǣ̫СԣҲĵûҩҲˣʵʲôûֻ˯һѡ
Ҳˡ
˯ˣûˣ添ܼ޸˭ȥ
ϯүȢ淵İﰢ
£÷·Ǳߣǻе֡ϯЦ
磬÷·
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ӣϯ˵ʲôɶڴ˵һʾ޿
淵İԾʨӴ󿪿ڡ
̫̫ȻԼҷ߶һʮСӦϯүȢ淣£ʹˣ÷·
˭֪ǰŸջؼң淰̴һˣž͵ϯңȻϯҴſ˵ϯүûԣףȢΪ檡
˵һ׹ףϯүһͷӸˣֵ˵ϯ˲£ûԣ塭
֮淰ϯҴſڵ̨ϣȣϯһ˶˽ȥ
峤֪Ϣ˴ϯүʮӣȻ˸ӳο淰̣Ҽ̫ү˵ˣվýŹȥף׼̫̫ȴ˻ؼ׼ţһȥ
ӵƸһǮҲ١淰̳ûҪЮ
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ҲһһأҲϯү̫̫ĵĲᣬԴ֮ϼ̫̫ϯү·ܶԶ֮
С㣬ү˴Ż˵վͻˡ
һգȾȥһ˻󣬸ϯ
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609 ү1

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ƼֵС㣬Ƿү黹ôүǷľ֮أʲô飬ɶûо֮ء
ǵ飬үͻˣʭӶ˲ծ˲
С͵뿪ū澿Ƿүٶ࣬үҲ⣬ŶˣС㣬ү˵ȥݽ´
ϯȻ˵ȥȥݣ
ӣҲûݳǣôտʼҪȥˣ
С㣬ȥҪ·̣һոϹȥռҪˣС㻹ȸ̫̫үһɡ
ϯͬûͬȥˣƼͬˡ
ϯԥˡ
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ϯʱ벻ʲôýڣȾдʣϻʹӦˡ
ϯͬӸ˵ϴηֵĹû÷ƹȥιˣҲõóЩ䲻࣬ҲʡŻϲģ취ȥһЩ˸͹ȥ
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ϯʱůůģȴϷЦҼҰԽԽˣôҲ֪պ˭ҵСиܼ޸Ϊޡ
ϯ΢죬㣬ȡЦңӣҾͲˡ
eһȱһͷ
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ӣͷ蹾ã϶ˡ


610 ̴ү

ҼҰԣ֪㰮ҦǵĹءϯЦţյСܵͷˡ
С蹵ĵģ˲ʧˣСĵ´ҽʡһЩֽЩӸྡ
ãҾ͵Ű蹸Ĺӳԡˣպ蹶Щֽīˡ
ȵϯ뿪ʱ򣬰蹰ֵܵۿˣϯ֣һһˣǵҪ棬˵Ķۣϲͷκ·ˣۼҲȱӻá
ٲߣ͸ϲȥݵĴˡϯε
֣ĿŮƣeС㡣
蹣ǿȥɣҪգҾͻˣһǴóԵġ
ϯƿһֱվڴſڵļ˴󺰵
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ϯһγţһҲȥߣƼ˵С㣬ǧ֮ҹ㣬⴬ϵ˴Ǻӣȥߣʰ
ϯֻε
סķһȴٴӣ򿪴ڴߣ̧ͷܿ·¥ŮڳСҲ˲١
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ƼгҲʣˣĵģū澸ȥͼһڵĵĳū澾һֻǣ⴬϶ɱ½Ϲ˲٣һСģҪʮǮ
Ҫסգū澽Ѻ𡣡
ϵĳʳסһҪȽѺٵˡ
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ڴϣŮӶҳһ»ʲôõˣԼ
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611

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ū澲֪ū澴̴үÿʱ򣬶ȥһˡ
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612 1

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Ⱦ˵ţ𹫿꣬һ۵⣬ϯ
ϯҲ̺һҲˣһԡ
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ϯ״͵ҲһȥɣȲ̺򡣡ƼȾ˶ˣ᲻ǻӲ̺
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ԤһЩҩģһֻĸǰһĸҩүһܺϡϯԸƼ
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ͷҲ򼸸
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613 2

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һ£һɣ鼮˵ϡ
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ǸСûĵѾͷҹ̸·ֻΪһջ㡣֣ϸա
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ϯҲû뵽Էô죬ͶԳ̼Ҷˡ
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614 

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615 

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616

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617 ƽ

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618 

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ү˵Ϸ˳ƣƽƣǳ̷֪˶Ǿˣ̼Уǳˣ֪ӿ϶ǼϷ˺ƽģټǽˣԷһܲ²ǵݡ
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619

գϯûȥݳǣȻҲʲôûһҪ뿪ˣϯź֪񣬵ڣҡҶˣҸøͰ蹰ȥǡ
ϯʳ뱸ﹻƼȾȥ򣬲תһ룬ףȻǿ϶١
ϯ룬͸ĿڵҽȾºˣȥðһЩزȥݼЩϺõĲδȥܲܳһΣҿֶɡ
Ҩ˼裬Ҳðһݣ٣ƽմá
ȿ˳ðĶϯȻӦ仰ʲô˼
벻ԼϯҶÿһ˱һϯ壬ϯҶÿһҲһ⣬͸ϯ͸ˡ
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ھ˲ٶһ͸ϰˣһ͸ϯģһ֣͸δĸСӵġ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣүǴȥ࿪һӻô
ĻƷϯӶɴˡ
Ϊ̫࣬ж̫鷳½·غݳǣһƤҪϯͬһ
ϯЦĵһۺ󣬵Ҳûܾ
Ͼ˶ҪδޣٱŤ׽ǽ顣
գ㶼û˯ãȦˣ뺼ݳǻճ̣ú˯һeŸȦȥĸģΪ۸ˡ
˵ţ뻹Լȣҵȣʱ㵱ͷ
ҲŲҪȡϯյһͱĿ
ֻǣű۾ͻȻһ˵һϤĳ˽̲ö
˯ɣҷԸڶϯֻñװ˯ߺգȴǵĳֿǡ
ߵ̫ҲǳĻ̫ů֮ϯﾹȻڲ֪˯ˡ
ʱ緹ˣѾҹĻ٣һֱڵ߶
ˡڶ𣬡һ㳵̣ǰһСӣϣϿջϢһϡ
ҪǶˣԼģȵϣڳԷ
Ҳ
ϯﻺŷϾȻһӡ
ĬĬĵñӣһߣ͵һȵĲˮϣһûˮˣȵˮ˵


620

ǳݵıݴɫζ࣬ϯһžøɬĺࡣ
ܿ쵽ϣͣĿջǰ
ǣСѾͷ˿ջ
ݻغݵ½·˲࣬ջҲûˣյĿͷ붨ļϷַԸջСʲôóԵģ͵ͷȥٱЩˮ͹ȥϴ÷
ǣүС㣬롣СЦǺǵǰ·
һϷڶ¥ϯѡмסȥƼסϯĸڣͷСӺͼסˡ
ϯ˿ͷûãƼͰˮϯ򵥵ϴһһɾѣȥ˳뷿䡣
Ҳոϴãһɫֱ֣ԣСʲô
ϯŽȥʱСӾͱˣϯһ񣬡ϯС㣬һ͹ūѾԸջСϯСķ͵үϯСү÷ɡ
ϯȻûܾ˳뷿극
˯һ·󣬾˯ˣرãų룬ϯҶԶϯ֮ͬĶԹ
һΣ°ߵİ蹵ϯ֣ͬһΣΪܴӳԶϽǧӣŻѰ͸ԶֻǣһΣͲ֪ǳԶȿϰ蹵ģϯͬһʼʹҪ蹰װ͸ԶŪ
ڶ°߰蹵ǳ̷ˣ̷ΪסԶ֪Զ˰蹣ص˽蹴Ժ°ߣⶼǲ²Ľʵʲôȴδڳ̷˿е֪ǲ֪ǰ蹵ݱ¶̷Ҫ°߰蹣вƽˣҪɱ˰蹣׽ƽΨһһܴȥϣ𡣡
ƽ볤鹫һҲ֧ɹ̣Ϸ˼޽Һ󣬸ܻøƽ
ΨһϣֻӰ蹺Ͱ
ϯͬĵճӣԺҪϯˣ̣ҰСಡ岻ãƽҲ̰Ҫ̣õѡ
ү˵̼Ҫ°߰蹣ǳԶ˰蹣ǳ̼ı
ϯץүһСƬǣڴܸһ𰸡
һѰС֣ϰ棬̼˵Ŀģվ֪ˣҲ²⣬ִ̼֮°߰蹣϶ƽйء


621

Ъһϣڶգڿջ緹һȺ˾̸ݳǡ
ϵݳʱ̫ѿҪɽ
ϯԸƼѳԤͻų룬ȥŴΡ
ĸ磬úʱ
յſڣһܹ뺰
ۺͳϤ󣬻ų룬ϯߣߣͣϾһ˿Ϸʡ
ͶϯܵԪһĲ֮һҲԶӵ֮һ
ȻֶԪһ˵ǰ׼ɩӡ
ɩãɩһССԪһУϯ顣
ϯﲻ˼˺죬eɩҡҺүûףȶףٺ١
ԪһͲĿų룬ĸ磬ͲˣɩӿǸǧ㣬ϲ˼ңȻýȥףɲ԰ɩˣå
Ҷ㰢ɩΣϹģ㻹ǸϽȥɩҪʳԶϯüۼһ˿ںԪһȥ
ԪһһϯŶ´ȥۣҶǰǲʹˣֻаʱǣʱǶ
ϯʵ˽£뱻֪ԣԪһôţ⡣
˴Σһ·ϣϯһ۶ûֻηͷŮ٣оˡ
ϯһȥĵľ
һˣӢ
СӢϴ»ʵǻ£Ǳųȥôôֱؽˣϯʵ
С֪ϯӢ֮ĶԹԹĻصѽһӣǰգò˵˸ˣŤ͵ţʵַӣŲյģ۲࣬˭ҲûйһӣǱ˵٣״ֽ֤žͲܲܣֻȰ˹˵
ǹˣ財ȴûãڴֺֿģʱ򣬻ץһѸɲ˵ڳζȡ
ǽûУǶŮӵģû£ǳԸɲݣǽֵ¼ֵûֵģûñӳ
ӢһûմѪյѣϯ֪ڴӹʮּѡ
ϯﲢδͬ
Ӣý³˵ҲԼܡ
ɻ
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622 

ԶץѾмˡ
⼸գ챻ʣըĥԲã˯ãһپһɺһˮ˯ҧӡգԶӷ޵ĺ֪ڵĲ
ȫ˱޺ۣ·ãǱҪԪһָ˵ǳԶϯＸҪϲ
ͬһηĳ̷ˣҪöˣûһ˺ۣ·Щ࣬Ͱ͵ģûãͷЩңȴûɢά֪˸߹ķ١
ĸ磬ɩӣȳȥţġԪһİѿռøϯͳ룬Լ˴Ρ
һߣϯͿԶ̷ˣЦˣЦرĮر˷ܣ̴ˣ̷ˣҲ죬һ̽ǰɣ
㡭ϯʲô̷Ҳϳϯɴ۾кһţ㲻ЦİɣҼǵã֮ûгԹ
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Զ㡭ô֪ƽ㡭֪£
Ҿ˰£Ȼ֪ˣһ֪°߰蹣ĿľҪƽ˿ɼ̳УҪҶӾö˻һᣬһش
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ô᣿ϯЦ˦ڹ˦ĺѹʲô£㲻֪


623 ޷Ŀɳ

ںݳô꣬㺦˶ٸӣû
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Ϊ˶һ㣬Ϊҵ²֣
ң֪m׼ˌmһ֧ˣ̴˵λء
ȻЩȫϯϹģĿľΪ׳ԶĻ
ֱ֪ʣԶͳ̷˲һԣֻܰڳƽ׳̼ӵĻ
ȻԶ֪Լ˺ɫŤҧгݵҪңҡ
үǲֻһ֮ԣ¶ۣңҴСҰ۳ųģҰ˾Բǵģү㲻ҪСv˵Ļ
ڳԶԹ˳Թʱ̷˼ˣץȰ˵
Զˣŭϯƭң
ǺǣҾûô֪Ҳ֪ôôں֪λôꡭ֤ǹģ˵˵˭ѵԱλӣ
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ϯͳҪҲס
ܵ鵽֤ҲǷ˾ţ֮üλ㱻Զ֡
ڳԶûǴ룬ù񼸴ζ˹ȥ
Զ侲ϸһ룬ȷʵ˺üιʱжұ鲻ȻңƺһΣֵһĸ˵
ֻǣȷʵʲôֻǣ߹ȥʱȴɵ˵µĹŮҪΪ檡
һɣǵʧˡ
𡭡Զɫˡ
Զתͷ̷ˣң㻹ﺰԩ
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̷˶ˣứү㡭ҪԩˣҡҲ֪ô°ҡ
㲻֪Ԫһó֤кü¶ȥģ㣬˭֪ڸ㲻֪㡭v


624 

ϯﲻ仰ó̼ҷ޶ַǽ̼ӴһţϯЦЦСַŽĴУԹԵıǣţ
Ԫһǣպ󣬳Զһ˽ѺؾСƷϹԱ£ѺٽС
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οԶ֤ȷ䣬ûԩ졣
̼ҴүȥݣҵһֱڸҪҵ˰æ˵һ
̫ˣٲȥѰҳ̰䣬ֻ˺ü죬Ҳû鵽䡣Ԫһһ˵дȥݣȥˡ
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ֱӰϯͻϯ³ʱվһӣ㰢ţһ磬ýžͻס
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ϯƳһվЦƼȻӦġ
⡭ү˵ˣҪ檣Ȣޣ
ȻƼһٸ˵үȢޣȴš
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һֻү˼ȥϰ˲ͬô죿
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ϵģĸ߸ߵģһֱû¡
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625

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һģֵ
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һˣƼǶںòãУû͵ԣôʯԣþǡ
ҵȻҪԣʯҪˣһγԹˣ㣬ʯͼûؼҳԺòã
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ϯавأϣҪԣժ
ھȥժ۾Ŀ㣬ǶժҸСҲʯˡ
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626 һ

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627

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628

£ҪǸðһЩױȥȥӣܲŲһЩӹ
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629 ̰뱻ץ

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630 

ġе飬С˼Ϲ˵Ⱦնʱˣһ۸ջƼšҵš˼
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˶٣ֵү֪˼Ҫ֪ٺ١үһȾģүǺضԷء
һ㣬ϯҲ֪
ңϯﻹ֪ǳĸԳĹһֱų뵱֮ǰʹڳ֮󣬴Ҳû뿪ң˳үߣү񣬻֮
Ⱦ̬С㣬ūҪСһң̺С㣬ū澲Ҫôˡ
ǲҪô磬ǲޡ
ϯʱȻ
ϯãҽ˳ţպѰᣬү¡
ɣū澻̺С㼸ꡣȾҪ
ϯȻӦ


631

ߵĴѾߣͲȥҲУҲøʱѵĸСѾߡ
˵ˣǵ书ѧСɣһѾߴĸͨӲڻ£Ҫ书ˣǲࡣ
ѵ꣬Ҳòˡ
С㣬үԤһһԼȥ;ȾͻȻ
ϯյҲŵ㣬ϰ֪ˣ֪ҪôЦء
Ƽ֣үһС֮ˣίԼ
ԼδޣǣүǹŲӣ̵˲
үСã⻹ûɻأ첻Լż棬Ҫǳɻˣֻ¶᲻뿪Сһ
ϯҲ˼ˡ
գ緹ϯȥ˹Է˵ŵ顣
ϵⶼǿʮһˣҲ£ʱ㲻£ȥʲôҲġ
үȥһġϯ°ﲻţֻʵʵ˵
Ȼ֣ɻ֮ǰôܼ棬УɸѾȥ߰һɻ֮ǰŮܼ档
ǳɻǰһ²ܼô⻹أ˵ˣҶӦˣܲһΣȥ֮գҶˡϯϱ֤
գϻˣϯš
ϯ֪ټһĻֻͳˣټϼԱƼȾˣû
ϯҪʲô
ɲţֻǼ򵥵;
ֻ;ҲͲƼȾڰߵš
볯Աһƣʾ⴬ԱȻСѾͷ˻֮ڡ
㵥а۵ġ
Ƽǰ۵ġ
ϯǳ˳飬а۵ڣҪռұ˰ɡ
֪ߣҲ
СѾͷ֣һСѾͷͶͱ˸˵ӵ뻳Ȼ˵һӣҾ㵥Ĵ
ҪϯԣҲˣʵʲôӣ
ƸӣⶨˣýŻȥϯҰѻڶü۶Ц⣬һΣ̼ҵİӣҲ˻Ҳæϸˣ˶ĹְѾǴӶƷˡ


632

ϯһ㶣ǰʱ򣬶үѹûְ
ѵΪ̼ҵ£˻ϸˣ
Σү٣ںݳǵĵλҲһԳ˵һϢ
ϯЦүְʱ򣬶̫̫ھǣҲܸܽһõżҡ
Ҳܸңҵһõס
Ŀһۣɩ˻ҵ
ҵ
ŵӣ
ı磿
ֻǣҵļұȣǵ˲٣ǿϳң̫үмֶ֧ģǶɩܰ۹ŵһЩҺͳҲܽһŲ¡
ֻǣ̫
̫̫ˣ۸ڶҵ֧Եϵһ̫̫Ҳһܿϡ
Һͳңǳɲס
ɲҲãϯͶ̫̫֮гҲŵӣȢ̫̫ĹŮϱ
ǣ뵽ǰܽżңϯģʱĸߡ
˭֪ͼӻҵ̫үҶĶʦһֱʦЯԶߵĺ׽ɩ²ô״ͷ˵ɩȥףҲ֪ͬûͬ⡣
ϯû뵽ҶүȻ⹫ѧ
Ƕүȥ˵ý˵⹫ʹӦء
ϯʱĿڳϣҺͳܽǲǾͲˣ
ǳܽܽȴ޸磬ɲͲô
ЦһҶͻҲ֪֪ܽ¾͸öˣҿ̫̫Ǻ˵ˣɩƣһΣǻա
̫̫ңҲǾѫң̫̫ڻʮأοҵﻹ׶ӣ׶ӵ£̫̫ȻҲ˵Ȩ
ϯͲˣ˳Сżôô
ţŻһΣΪ£ҲǾˡ
޵˼ң˵ϯŰѰġ
үǻ̫үѧѧѰżңүûĵ̫̫Ӷżң£үиʦ̫̫
ָϯһ£ԶŮ֮ǰȥǶһź£Զº󣬶ԷףСҲ˾ǵЦ
ǳԶŮ̼ҵСүֻ¶ԼȢ


633

»˭̼
̬Σϯ֪͸¶˳Զֵ֤ĹңǸʲô̬ȡ
룺̼ұ»ĵһʱ̣̼ҵѶ̼ҵľ룬˭Ҳ뱻̼ǣˮ»Ҳ£ڳϣһ鶼δԶ󡣡
Զ֤ȷ䣬ȥϸԶ飬³Ǳȳ̼Ҽ硣
»ʵǻѻ𣬵ǿɲһЩϳQ»нڳһÿճλãԼô
ܲƽƽ볤鹫֪Ѫںݳǵ¡
֪ƽҲα̼°ߡ
һС檵£ⶼǹȥˣ˶ʮ꣬ڱҲƽ
ϯĬˡ
ĳ£˶ˡ
̼ҷ޶ˣϳϯһ˵ݣǱѺȥ˾ǣò˶ãһѪںݳǵ£ֻ¾Ҫ֮
ϯҧϣҾ͸Ұи׼
õʱ˹Ѱףﱻһֲ
ƽû̳˵£Ҳ㰢һᡣƽˣϯ蹺ϯǾҪͷˡ
ƽϣһ̳ˣ˼ʮꡭٲָ̳ˣƽľλֻҪɢ
һ߰ġϯ
ϯڻϣһȫ磬ȻһȦһȦľɫֱҹĻ٣ڰСѾͷͻ
ǰϯ˵ˣɻ֮ǰǲټ棬㲻ҪԼҳţҡһкöҪء
˵ţģ
ʱˣأСѾͷĿݡ
ĳд˿СѾͷ֮УһղĽ׶ΣҪ²ǵöٸ죿
ҲѲĳС
ĳһգϯ˯ԺУӾͱһ˽סˣŵúݺݴһ飬ȻʶľҪýȥˡ
ŲŸ̧𣬾Ϥ˵ң㡣
ϯʱˡ
ȻЦá
óүȻѧ˼Ҳɻҹǽ㻹Ҫ


634

ҪͱϱĳһĵҶþûˣûң
ϯʱһߣ仹΢΢ˣûþˡ
벻룬Ҳܸ
Ļشܲ⣬СûĵģҿĽ
˵ţСһڡ
ҲһڣҶףԼѳֲס̲סһСѾͷ
ɲô͵͵ĳСѾͷСѾͷĵһΣҪ»֮ҹġ
𶯡ϯߵҪʱɳɤӵҾֻ㣬ҲһЩҶȻ»̲סʲô
ϯһﻹҶԹԵ
ͽһΣԺϯû
ƵЦˣҪס
ס
ϯʱˡ
ұ֤ڶ֮ҹǰҲ
ϯﱾΪһ˵ĻУһ˯ţǳĻ̫̤ʵûãȻ˯ĳġ
ʱѾ١
ƼȾ˽̺ʱƼϷʵĳգ۾ϯʱûĵһۡ
ϳƼȾ϶ˣȴΪǳ룬ǾûţȻĹ뷿С
ڳзִ磬ûȻҪˡ
С㣬ү˶
ϴã˶ȥ÷ʳ˺Ⱦ͸ϯ
ϯһ㶣ĿʶɨһȦȻĶ౦ϣ˶һССľϻӡ
ȥҿ
ǣС㡣
Ⱦ߹ȥϻϣϯʾ´򿪡
ȻϯͿһϻƱ
ϯʱˣôƱʲô
ү˵ļױð춫ҲɣѹҲɣ㰲š
ϯʱˡ
ڸڵϯð첻̫ױʱᱻ˿ȥ
С㣬ЩƱү˽ӣ㾡ȥãү˵Ҫǲã͹
ԣϣӵģ
Ϊβ
Ҫô
ƾʲôҪˣ˽ӣҲģƾʲôҪöѡ
ϯİõİһϻƱˡ
ϯҲûĵˣƱȥģԸƼȥ


635

үƱС㶼ˣСүл񡣡˳ңƼѴӵóڳǰ
һܽظ⣬һ춹֡
ľTˡ
ûĵѾͷƱֻˣﲻ⣬ȴ˼֣ԸƼȥ¶ˣܴˣ
û´ˣ
үʮ£ûϹأ
ƼƲƲ죬ﻹӦá
ƼѳԭϯʱϯʱյóүҼû´˭أ
£С㣬ͳոү¡
ϯûĵƼǻһѼױûأпи·巻ô巻˸
С㣬ү봩ġƼ
С㣬Ҫ壬Щᣵȣ㲻壬ѡ幤õѾӰҲһȾ
Ѿֳȥһˣ׵̵Ҫ塭ˣҽϸɡ
ϯε
ϯȥⷿһƥϸϣϣҹһ
ڶ磬һ
£û廨ֻµ½ǣһСС
úϯһƤãƼȥҡ
Ƽ󣬾͸ϯһ£˵ϯͬӳҹͷû˰ǧ
ϯ֪󣬾ȥ˹Է
ϯͬϣϯðױ飬ϯˣϾЦҺ㰢ðױ£㰢˵ٸһ޹ȥһͨӣҪǧӣӣʣµӾð첻˶ٶҾŲðһСׯһĶϺõˮҲͶʮңһһĶСׯҲǧңаǧӣðׯҲ٣ǧѹףʣµǧðױ˵˵ܵܵ
ܵҲܰѼеӶһͷϣҲʮˣٹ꣬Ҳ˵ϱˣа蹶ҲҪòӣӾ¸ܻðɣһЩ˽ӣȥҼױ
ж˽ӣǳŻ󣬼ױˣҪ沿ġϲͬŮ飬ҪǧӣŮһͷϡ


636

ڶӡ
ӻСż꣬ӺׯҲв棬ʱôҲܹȢϱƸ
ֵ˽ӣպԼãļױͲòˣаء
в˽أˡϯóƱϣЩƱȥðױ㹻ˡ
ϯó˳ƱԼ˽ӣһѹӣʣһ֣ǰܸǧ
ϯͬϵһϻƱ𾪿ڴ
㡭ôӰ˵ˣʵһӣͷһΣôƱ
˵ϯͬҲǵһμôƱ
ϯͬתÿ죬һʱͲ²⵽ˣүģ
ţ˵ðױү˽Ӳ٣ȻˣǾţð˼ױҲ̧ȥңҲĺӵġ
ϯĲ˵
ûĵӲ٣ӣȢϱҪױӵģҪǱ֪ˣЦǼҡ
ǾͲȻ˼֪
ϯȥðׯˣׯӺôϾʱ򣬻ȥׯ棬Ǯж٣Ͼͺá
ݳǸ֮أׯ԰԰Ȳҵʮ֣Ҫ򵽺ʵĲס
ϯͬü룬ҪðׯӦ㣬үӣðļױüӰɣҺ㰢һŮޣܲһǮױҲðɣҺͰҲᰲ
ϯԣֻӦˡ
Ʊϯͬ
ڶգϯͬȥҷ룬֮ڣѰһһСׯ
ׯϯȥķɽ£ĶϺˮĶأһլӣׯӴլ£ǰ껹ɹׯӼǮҲ࣬ԷҪһǧӣһǮ
СլӣһٶʮĶˮµˮˮԴһξ룬ÿɺʱׯھͻȱա
Ϊµˮ۸ҲˣһĶӣһ߰ٶʮӡ
ϯͬȥׯһȦ󣬾һһϯ
ǮҲãׯӲԱ߾ˮԴһǴӷɽϪˮɺϪҲȱˮ


637

ǶĶأʮĶĹպ󣬼ԹӣƣҲʡȥֳ˹ӡլҲϲɣҰҲͶԷˣļҾ߼ʲ㡭
ϯͬһ۾Ϳ˴ׯСȴûУҲͼ򵥵˵һ졣
һˮԴԶϯҲЪСׯӵ˼
ϯǾׯӣʣµӣðһЩǼŻðǧӵļױǶˣҲȥһᱻƲ𣬾ͰӶһͷϣͰҲҪӣǿɲΪңίǣҿɲġ
ģҺ㰢ίǽκһˡ
ô˵ϯ͸ˡ
Ȼϯ𾩳ƽͻϷ˵顣
ϯͬһǱܲףϾϣϾ͵ûЩ˰ɡ
ô꣬Ƕû֣ڳ֣ʲôã
Ͳˡ
ʼռǵã֮£µģҵʲô飬˭֪
ϯңһСС˼ңżʮĶˮӣһׯӣάһ˵ơ
ûȥʲôŴ󻧵ݡ
Ҳδһ¡
ֻһƽƽȵĹͨӡ
һʱ䣬мգ̼˾͵˾ǣǶԷѰֻò˶áͰҪи׼⹫һֻʣһ
ʱ˵ɡϯͬ̾һ
Ӳϯҵӣӵܣ˼һأʱ¡
պ˵ɡ
ϯţǶĶأʮĶĹպ󣬼ԹӣƣҲʡȥֳ˹ӡլҲϲɣҰҲͶԷˣļҾ߼ʲ㡭
ϯͬһ۾Ϳ˴ׯСȴûУҲͼ򵥵˵һ졣
һˮԴԶϯҲЪСׯӵ˼
ϯǾׯӣʣµӣðһЩǼŻðǧӵļױǶˣҲȥһᱻƲ𣬾ͰӶһͷϣͰҲҪӣǿɲΪңίǣҿɲġ
ģҺ㰢ίǽκһˡ
ô˵ϯ͸ˡ


638 峤

³һգϯͬүϯȥׯι䣬˭֪û÷·ϯүܼҡ

ϯүסɫЩ
ϯֻͬ³ϯүҾ֣ңҪ£ҪܸܲգҽҪҪȥ졣
ҵôҪˣҪվ˵ȥ˵ϯүõĳɨһ۲ԶϯҴš
ϯͬм£Լ˳ڳſڵȣǲٻȥдֵʱ䣬Ҿ־˵ɣмҪȥ죬ǵ˶ּ֣¡
ϯү״ûΪ붬Ұͼ࣬˵ˣʱ޶࣬Ҫ׼֪󣬾Ӧľףҽľ׵ġ
ϯͬһ㶣Щ⡭ʲôʱ£֣ôҲɸ˵һҲùȥ幫˼ңⷢҲ̫ͻȻˣģʮպһľףȥ÷·
ϯʱӦ峤£ϯͬɲ
£ϯͬ׼ľͱһ
ľׯһεĵطʵʮҶԳɲģĸΧȦ
ҲΪϯִͬȥľׯϿ˳ɲĵľϺŴִɭ˵ԭ
ֻû֮ľڸϯͬ֡
ʮóɲֵӣɲСĿ
ϯүϯͬӦʹ죬ûƴǣѿɫһЩЦݣҾͲˡ
ϯͬ𣬺ܼһ뿪ˡ
ϯͬü۰̾һԸվԵĽģȥľׯϣִ֪ͨɭһȥײ̡
ǣү
ľͷϯңȥľׯϡ
ϯͬϯţںϵϯͿϯүסˣڽ·ʱƿס˼䡣
֪峤ʱ޶ϯһ£ǰ峤ǻġ
󣬼ֻƲһùľ᲻ø峤ɥ°ͦ󣬿ɥȴĲʢ峤ĵճӣҲϯһε峤˵峤ˣ˱ʹΪ峤꣬ɥĲȣزˡ


639 

ٵӣ˵Ķ峤ɥ£ϯҵϵһ˻Ӯ˺ݳ˵ĳޡ
꣬ϯûгԻ磬ϯǲ֪һºϯҵϵˣҲ˲١
Т˳ˣ˭Ը⡣

ˣ˳ſڣϯͬ̽ԴͿڳſһͤȵĳ롣
ϯͬæҪ
³ӭæÿֱ׳һģҳʱδȥһǳˡ
ȢŮ֮£Ǹô
ϯͬһµĿų룬˺ŷӦѾ˳ܲȥ泵ϣ˸קɣ
˵ˣŮǰЩµġ
СϯͬϾŮȥӦǹƶ˵Ůˡ
ǽȥ
ϯ￴Ź컯֮£ĳУ˵棬Ů˽Ͳ˲ɫ
ᡣ
ǲᣬǲҡ
˵ʶ࣬⡣
ʶȤȥƼȾˣ⡣
빴СѾͷС֣ץӣϲ·ιģׯʲôвׯӣϲҸ㼸
ׯӣ˶֪ˣ֪ˣô£ׯӣҰ޵ġ
ӣ˿˵лɳµׯӣ˽棬֪ˣЦϯͲױ
΢΢ü͵СٸƱ򼸸ׯӣŰ
ð
ϯЦ
Ҫʲô˵Ҷȥ㡣СѾͷ
ʱûСҪģٸˡ
˵ﻹ׼һЩԭҪպױģ㶨ңͲϸױ˸ȥ
ϰ˶ϯĺãǰӣﱸױʱϯҲСˣ͸ϯҲﱸһױպϯʱ͸ϯ
ڡûŸϱױӣϰҲ
ɶðˣϰҲˣ͵͵ȥϯ֪


640

ϰ˷ˣȥҺܸлпգȥ˼ҵлϯ
ü΢΢˵ˣ갢ĶǴɩĨɩȥ˾ǣδһĨɣҪʲôӣƼƼȥҿⷿҡ
飬Ƽ͹ȥءɫĨģõʣµһӡ
΢Цģԣƥӡ
ǰգļƤӣֵҿⷿ˼Ƥӣһ㡣
ϯգգۣҪҸ며ɣҿɸ˵ûҵļױ岻꣬Ĳܷȥeˡ
Ǹˣ岻꣬ѾôС۾
ѾֳȥˣȻһ壬һ꣬Ҳ岻ꡣ»鵱ҪڴϵƷ塣
ֻǣ£û˼߳롣
ͺãe̫ˣҪһЩ̸ǣպȱʲôѾþǡ
ôУ̸ǶҴȥļױҪȥ˳ңóҸ̸ǣѾǻ˵ϯŮõ̸Ƕð첻𣬸չȥȱ̸á
Ҫǣ˵˿𣬶ඪ˰
ߣ˭˵㣿
˼Ҳᵱ˵ɱ˵˭ţֲܰͶˡ
ˣԼŵġ˻ǿҪױϯæ֤
СѾͷŴŴģèëỮһ£˼
ץС֣һСѾͷС
ûͷһڣʹ˹ãǶмŵˡ
ˣŴӵʤﳷˣȥʯԷ̵աһ˵أ԰ѳų廹ˣĺһӣǶٽ̰̽蹵书
޺ϯҾͲ̫ã֮ǰҪ˽Լ书ȫ̸ϯϯ蹡
֮ϯϯ蹶ܳɳһǾҪǸԵ͡
ʱûʲôȥ죬߰ɣǰҴСһЩˣǣҪŮӣӡ
ŮҪϯﾪϲĵû뵽뾹Ȼһ


641 ׯ

գգۣЦ绨ҰѾߣѾѧһգûʲô츳Ҳ̺ҰüµѾߣаߵСˣҲѧһЩèȥˣǣү˵أ
ţԸ
˵ͳɤʲôϯһֱ˵źкö಻£㶼ҪĽң̫̫֮ĳԹҪ۸ңҪңǶɩǵãϣѹһ㡣
ңҪ۸㣬ȥ״ʰֱ׳Ľ̵СϱίȥŸ״
ϯûᶪݶ۾ϰ˻᲻Һܷ
ᣬϲ㡣
˵е
ϯͷպҪֺϰˣϰһֱϲȥֻҪֺϰˣϰڵһգ̫̫Ͳ۸
ʵҲ±̫̫۸ͬΪҵնϱ˭˭οҲһµˡ
ֻǣ̫̫ĺˣϰ˵ġ
ǵǰ߼޵ĲãǶһڰʹû̫̫̫̫ͳ˳У֪ٻء
ÿֳ£ϰͲá
ϰϲϼһ֣ϲһֻʱϰˣܲˣҲܲ˼ϱ
۵˵ţһʱͣׯӴſڡ
ܿ죬ׯӴŴ򿪣˽ȥ
ϯһ³˫ĿľһĶСլӣլſڣǶĶأլһߣʮĶĹС
լӵĺ治ԶһźĶˮ
£ˮտյģûʳˮֵ࣬ϯ֪ȷʵϵ
뿴ˣ޵ׯȷʵׯӣûǴĻӦǳ̼ҵġ
ϯȻ̼ҵĲƲó͢ȥôô
͢ߵǽ鱦ׯӵòߵĲҵ͢Ҳֻ˻ûȥ
һԵϯͬԣͻȻҾ˵ôһׯӣôıļ۸Ҫһɣԭǰ֪ҵġ
ϯ۾ˣȥҷ룬ʳ̼ҵĲҵģ򼸸ׯӡ
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642

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643

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磬ׯϳ緹ׯϵĳǳ̷صشӾģķǵصľˣζЩŨôϯĿζ
سǺϯʱ仹磬ͶԳүȥһУҪҰسң
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⼸գһūţе˵󲿷ֶǳ̼ҵˣׯӵһģӲͰС
ԭūţĲˡ
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644

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ǣүҲһ꣬ү㿴գҪҪЩƷ峤ӣ
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ӼŮðױ
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ӵϢʱϯͬæϢҲ˲ˣϴ멣͸ȥ÷·
ϯͬһ֧ǿ֧ϵһҲףϯͬ壬һ峤İæˣͷһգϯͬȥ÷·峤顣
ΪӣҲһ챨
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ϯǿˣȥͷһʯͷ
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645 ϯ±

ΪŬڹҲĺܿ죬书ҲߵʮٶȣףϯУܴʮУ֮ͻὥܡ
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ϯϴΣֻȥ峤ɽͿˣĬĬһգҲٲ
磬գȥɣͬ˵´ʮᣬһȥ
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᲻þܾСܵϯ͸Сܳŵ
С˷ܵ໺һǾô˵ˣ磬ﻹִֺƻģȥԡ
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Сӣ˵˵ʲôϯһſʱߵͨ졣
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һˣʵʵʮڣûһԹġ
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646 ϴ

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ϯҴ̫ϯᰵ±˺Ҳûףϯ÷Ҫ˲ý˸ֶŮ˵ýý˽ܹˣȴûһõġ
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նԳĹķˣҲܲ˳ϵĻƢԸ̺һЩɴֻӽȥ̺
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з̱ˣ˵ҲܶһֱֻҲˣһֻȴǺõģ̺ģϯ÷һϸϸͷ
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ϸϸģɳȴʮֵۣҳ˼񶾣ר˼ҵϳ顣
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647 ̳

һǮ׬ˣ˲ӳȥ
ڻһҶ̶ţһ԰˲ĲòȥĶǲ԰ṩĲҶҲ൱ûʲôǮӣ׬ġ
һҶ׬ӣҲټһҵĳԺȽá
Ϻϯ̱ͬһµҩǮҪѳȥϰӣϯ÷ĸηζۡ
ʹ磬ҩ벻ҩһӣ̱ڴ̺ϯ÷Ͳȥʡһҽҩѡ
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648 үع

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ͺãϴɫǺˣϰҲ֣ǰȥϴ֣ú롣
˭֪̫̫̫Ȼ˽ϴϰ˾ЦǺǵİȥĽ˻
ǳүɫ΢΢һ˿ΣĻеĽޣˣˣҶأҲ±Ц
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649

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СһЦұߵĳ룬үĲҶү˵СҶ̫үС
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ȥҶ̣ҲȥȻˣҲʡʱȥ
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650

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ϯո죬̫̫˵ЦˡûأôܸĿڣñЦ޼ѽ
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˴ãϰˣ̫үү룬үڡ̫̫ھǹ꣬ΪܽĻ¶ȥˣһھͶ·ݣ̫̫ҪھǸܽﱸױΪڣδܻ
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ϰ˾;ãѡϱĲƯͻݣƢãԳТ˳
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651

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ɲۻӹǣȻҺĶҪۣҿɣ幤մȥǰһ
ſˣϯĶҾܾæͷӦãлϰ˹ġ
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ԼȥϲʲôʲôҼǵȥ˲ϲĶСҲӦûϲվڿⷿſڣһСѾͷ
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652

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ǵһμֺУǰ޸ƺ󣬳ⷿĶϰ˶ֺУĴӿⷿҳģ¼ŵҹУ˯

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653

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ûеӣӣպҲжҲˣүرأ꿪ɣѧԺصΪһĴڼרŽ̵ϰ֡
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󣬶үˣ˶̫̫һ£Ƕ˴ҪǴС飬ֻ»ֹһء
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С㣬˵˲ô˵ʹĺô
Ƽֹתƻ⣬һ̧ͷүˡ
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654

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Ƕͷ⣬ҲǶϣպ󣬶ÿ֧Ӧ⼸Ӷɩˣһ֧Ҫ󣬶粻ŭŹ֡
ˣһϢͻȻЦղŽӵţ˵ɩˣҪˡ
ҪһܻˣʵǴϲ¡ڳ˵˫ϲš
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Ȼ˵ȹҪóҵһֳһúѵѵЩūţбӵ֡
ŮҪѵūţϯͬȻ⣬˵ĺϲ£죬ȳһߣЦݾûˣϯ߶ϯҴ󷿵Ĳ
СǰҾͱ͹ȥʱҲû˵ʲôҲûģûҶûԹ֣ɽСð÷Ȼȥſڿߣ˵㰢Ͱ̶̱ڴﻨһˣӶûˣһûð죬Բڿ㰢Щӡ


655

˵ſΧô࿴ֵˣֶͬߣһϯ÷ô˵ͬһˣ˵Һ㰢Тﰢֶܡ
㰢Ƶû취ֻóʮӽϯ÷˼һ١ִʮӵĻʱֺӴˡ
һ˵һؿڣһ˵ӡ
᲻ЩҲ᲻Щ֮ǰ꣬󷿵ôӺͻҲûǱϯ÷ʱǵˡ
ǰ޵ô⣬׬Χ˵ͬ飬ȵĿĴﵽȴǰ󣬰Ӵιˣĸηѽˡ
ҲֻܿᲩͬ飬ǵô߾ߺˣ󷿵˿ڶǶ࣬ɴ󷿲ҵһǶ࣬Ҫ˵ȱӻãҲȻҿС˵ˣǼǶӹˣµģ˵ǼҲһҪֻ̺͹ײ̳Էţ꣬νײð칻ûҪûȥӻһЩӣڲϡ
ϣȻôȻ˽սߵʮӺͰѽߵĻ˵
۾һһ´ȵӴôû뵽Ҿʹȥ󷿼ҵӻ̣ôҲðѽʧİʮ޹ˡ
㰢һȥϯ²Ӵ˵
ϯͬĸŮˣͷ۵ĵ㣬Ҷ˵ˣӣ£˲ӣҶûʲô𣬻׬һЩӻȴ˲ӣ˵Щûùˣǿ˵ġ
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ϯͬˣ㡭ôͿ
ߣʲôˣ˽⣿ǸԺζʲôᣬǲϡ
ϯͬʱնŵ˵ӻʳùˣһãİְùʳȥֽԭǳùʳǽۿ϶۱ˡ


656

Ͼܵң˼ҿϣЩùʳϯһ߼ۡ
ڿǱֶˣ
ϯͬգҲȰˣȥʱ򣬴캣۸ȥ
ЦӦǡ
¶ʮһգɨµ˶æŴɨϯģ캣ƼĲȥӻ̡
ɣϯҲӻ̣ںԺⷿϽĻ
˵Ϻϯˣϯæڳһſӭ˳ͰôˣҪʲô˹˵һǣ˸͹ȥ
ģҲæôõ׬ӡϲ䲻ȵƳһۣȻļ̳ӣЩӣһֱæųﱸĻ£ҲûüðｴͲʲôȱȸһ̳ʮװĽ̳ͣˡ
һָָõһ̳͡
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ȥĻϯû˵˼ҶףҵĺýͶˣʲô
ȴնʮˣ˼ҸðҲðȫˣҲæŸﱸ£һѶûðȫ
ָһͰһٽĲͣһͰʮͣͰͺ̳ͣǰΣȥϡ
ֶϯ˵֪ӵæҲͲͻˣҴģ캣ʲôүڼҵǻȥ緹ء
㻹ȥƹǶٰɡϯ忴һ˸캣ϰ˶ӡ
ȷʵӡ
ϵţҲû취÷ȥ̣ͷӶˣﲻٶڶûӸ㣬ȼʣȰ÷ʲôʱӻˣ˸
Сȥ̽ӵ£Ҳ˵ˣҲʵϳԽ⼸ӿûӸСȥðСñƲѣŻȥҰӣô˵ǶһˣѣְһҲ˵ȥ嶼˵ˣպѣȥæãҼͷԽŽȥЩӽЩҲãȰӸңȥһǡ


657

ǵһ֮ˣһڣȻвһͨ
ֻҪˣЩȥϯͬӽвģˡ
ҼҵӣСýˣһûӹأȥ衭ܽ赽ҲУЩҾˣҲҲӣҪð÷ʮӺߵʮӵĻծ
ϴ⣬ЩҪߡ
Ȼһж
أϯ÷ͷ»ػȥöǶôļֲиΪʲô
ͷһʱʱð׽軹˳۸ĵز

ϯ캣һ˿һͰͣˣʾƹСȥš
ϯЦЦƳ˵֣ҪˣҰСˣɲǿסģǴˣǿɲأŶˣ´鷳ǰֲȥúȰһȰСãҲȥҼ鷳Ҿһ仰պ󣬴ģˮˮҲ˵ʲôֵܣһˣǺǣЩ꣬۸ʱôͲ˵ֵܣһˣ
ûǶҪǴ۸һӰɣ
պ󣬷Ǵ󷿵ˣȥ鷳ǣǶۻۣţԡ
ԣϯҲ֪ϯó
ϯЦĲõϯƣûһȭȥ
ϯĿϴˣĶߡ
ƹ˱̣һ£óߵƷһֵʮӣϯ÷ϯҶߵƷӼֵ
ȻϽġ
ϯˣⷿĻ󣬾Ļ˵ʤҵϯ÷ݺ˵һ١
ϯ÷ֶѵʱˣôΪʲôΪңһ²ŸҶٽã
ôӣʾ֭һ˳Ըô࣬ⶼΪʲô
źţͿˣ޵رίر
尡СһУɶΪ㰡̱ˣصһѹļϣС㰡
СûϵĵһЩ˵رã⼸û׬ӣȥõô


658 Ƹ1

ҪСø㶪ˣպҲȥ˾ǣֻǣҵļ£ҲˣǽϱԼȥܣϯҵĴ̣ңӦҲһݻؼҵô˵ңҲֲܡ
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СϾϯϱ
СҴҸֹʱϯ÷ѾĵĻԸԺԼ˭Ҳ
СȥţҲû
Сû취ֻվ⣬ĵȰ˵ϯ÷Сãѵ㣬ǰ岻ԣΪĲԣŽ̵̵ǣôӣܼأңٲ㡣
Ȼܣǵ˽ӣõȥ
ɲܡ
Ķ֪ϯ÷Ͳܼ£֮ǰûҵڣò׽ˣҲû̯ӳȥˣϯ÷ְ̯ӽӻ
СȰ˵һ󣬼ϯ÷ûֻཱུˡ
СǴ⣬ӹϯ̯ӡ
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С֮ԲԸܼ£ǲ뵹ô
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лɩÿ࣬ǰ̶̹ҹܼ£ѧˣɩôĹҵĻǰɩͺúô£չչ˰Ͱ̣պ󣬵ҳޣҲǰɩĺá
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ܼܲ޵ĳȥ˵
СﲻмȴͷǵãҶΪҲǸõģȻ㲻£Ǿˣһ£Ͳˡ
Сϴϯ󣬾ȥϯõ
ϯҴ󷿱յլӣ߸£Ѿؽˣ³ϯҵŮ죬ͰԺס
ǰϯúϯ᰾ͬסһԺӣҲסһԺӡ


659 Ƹ2

ϯסϯס᷿Ҳһһ롣
СʱϯڳдģԴ䵭䵭ԡ
ϯ̧ͷˣæеıʣӭǰɩˣҲûѾ֪ͨһҲǰԸѾ߸ɩݱˮȡ
ϯҴӹĽƽǳԵСûˣֻò԰һЩϲҶò
ˣҹ˵˵СϲȿɬĲˮϯðϵļɣųԡ
һ߳ԣһ˼ӣ˴
ϯõɩϯΨһڸӣ͸СҲˣЪϢЪϢɡ
ϯϯ÷֮䷢£ѾСѾ߸ϯ÷ϯͬǱżݻҵڻУǶϯ÷ά
Сϰ̾ʶֲ࣬˱ټһңðɩ֪Ǹˣֻʱ˲ãŻһΣͰﰢɩòã
СϿĿ
ϯһ£ӦɩҪҽӹܼ£
СϵͷǰܣҲȰɩܵĺãɩɲʶء
ΪʲôϯòףɩΪҪѼƣ
չ˳Ȿ͸ǰɩΣΪΰɩԸԼƹܣ
ѵǼӳʲô⣿
⼸յľģϯû治ǰ׳дģȻӸдˣһӾͷè塣
СڨڨЦû⣬ۼںúõأʲô⡣
Ȼû⣬ǰɩԼȥƹܰɡϯ˺ߡ
Ϊ֪ɩȥĶݣݣɩⷬ϶Ҳ˵˰ɣ
㶼ֵĻֲ֣ɵ
һѽкô£֣ܲ
Ȼû֣¾ûô
СϽȥûãֳˣϯҴ󷿵ӣСҲò֣Լƹܡ
СƹӺϯҴԭͲĹãǼּߺ緹ֻʣһ࣬ͷһ̲˵ľء
зҲһһһһ׷
ڵˮˮʲôģǲӰ
ϯҴ󷿵ˣ¶ԵıһƬϵԵõÿԷʱˣһƢ
κ˵СϾ͵Ƣãôô


660 Ƹ3

ϯҴ󷿵ˣӹĲãϯҶˣȴĺڣҸ
ʮģϯﻹȥׯѼѺֵܻдɩס
ʮԪѽڣԲһȺŮһȥơ
յϯͱˡ
ֵܽüһȤҲǳӣԼȥˡ
ϯһֻС֣קƵĹŵƵչ
ƼȾССͯˣƵ
ǱյĲǺ״ϲôĿģҪСѾͷһյ档
ʹ󺣣СƣÿԪڣʹ󺣶ϼյƣȥϯҶ
ۼԺѾ١
ÿԪϣϯԺĹϣͻƣӣССҲкӵġʽģϯʮϲ
ң蹻صطԸȺͰľˣլӹϵƶժᵽլ
ĵƣȼĵƺÿ࣬ϯ˳ų⣬յƣСȥ
Ǳ߻вµյģҪҪȥߵһͤ£ָǰһ˶ĺϣ˵
ϯﻹǵһԪչ˷ܣЦŵͷȥ˵ܲһӮյƻȥ蹿ء
СϲԪǰҶһȥ֪СѾͷСӣͰǵ׵ܵһš
ϯЦˣҴǶлл㡣
л־ͲˣֻҪҳɻ鵱գС׻жʮ죬ȴڴѾá
ϯձ죬ʱһۣûй˴أӡ
ֽ۾ɵԲɰֽΡ
ܺãСѾͷ۵գȻ˽һֻǣСѾͷ֣ȥ˺ߡ
Թպӡ
仰ʵ
ЩΧںߵЩӣһھǼʫ䣬ΧŲðļˣһһһһ
ϯһιԪڣһο龰к˷ܾԣųͼȺУүյĲĻֱѻˡ
ĵƣȫǽƷÿһƷ棬һֽֽһ仰ǵա
ֻҪ¶ĵգյƣˡ


661 Ƹ4

ϯһ۾ͿյƣΪСѾͷδ򣬳ͿʼΪСδ޽ʾ֭µա
ƫƫŻģ˵ֳѵһգǣϻ
涺Ȥ˲Χۣ඼ǺĲӣһЩ˼ڲļˡ
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ϯЩӶüͷ²յף֪յײò£Ϊѳ룬ȥ
̧֣һͷЦСң꣬ҿǲյ׵ĸָ֡
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ȥΪ꣬Ϊî꣬ȥպˮ࣬ٵط˴ˮû˲ٿҪճɵׯڣϰûֻȥ˼ҽʳճɺڻϻҲî֮ˣӦǸȥˮ֮롣
СվΧļӶˣһӴ󺰣գʵգյףҿĥ˿ʱû룬Ȼү³ˡ
Ȼλʶġ
һǳҵүʱΧͣĿ޳ĴҪڳǰ
ͻȻУȻһϤ
ĸ硭
ųѣһȺȺУ˹һ˷ܼĿų룬ĸ磬ɣԭҲչˣ˵ү³˻ϵյףſ϶㣬ǲµյĸ֣ʮФƣûӮȥ
ֻ˳룬һԵϯȴӸס
һ˿üͷ壬ҿûĵãС㻹ǳүΪá
ꡭ
ԭ첻˵ϯʱַˡ
ЦӯӯĿȾģС㣬˵̼ҳµգСͱ̼ҶүݻˣǼٰ
ϯйڵȾġ
ϯķɹʹȾĺ޸˳̼Ҷү̰־γ̼ҳ£ȾΪ˲ץȥΣͿ޿ް̰־
һշްն⣬̰־һ飬ңҲ֮֡


662

СѾͷôλεĽ˰̣ĺô
СѾͷצģʮָˣСѾͷģƴˣóС㣬óӡ
ɹ׵ĸˣͲС㡣
ĸ硭һ򱬻ȾģжʱһˮҪ£ԸģҡҲǱƵģĸ磬ҡ
С㣬£޹ء֪˵ʲôƵģĮĻУСӲôᣬôҲ˵Ϊү
飬õһȾġ
ȾĺõᣬʱġүҡԺһǵá
˵棬ӣȾĵӶˡ
ΧϳȾģָȾָָ㣬Сʲô
Ϊ˶࣬ϯҲ˵ʲôȾǳ֪ЦȾء
˲ˣϯ͸ˡ
ʱ˻ƹ
ϯЦģҪȥӣȾĵүŻƺƯҲϲܲܰ͸ң
һίĿų룬ëϻ飬Ľִһ˿ֺãһ˿
Ҽ
ҿ棬ˡ
ϯˣȳ뿪ڣͽӹƣӣ治˼յǰΪӮģϲǾԼȥӮƣҼҰɲǷ㻨ơ
ϯС㣬ôôСֻһյƶѣҲ᲻ãȾĿϯƵġ
ϯͷţ᲻ãɲһյͨĵƣǰһҵĻƣôøһŮأ
̧ۣͶȾһ˵ˣݣҪɲʡ
㡭
ӣ˵ûвټ޵ɰʲôݣóүɲȢһС⣬ЪһЪɡϯսѹݺݱһ١
ȾɫȻҰס
ĿŽǣϯĳ룬дһ˿ϣϣվΪ˵һ仰
һ䡣
ֻϧ뿴Ҳûһۡ
Сδϯ
Сδ޸ˣǾͻ
Сδ޲ãɫͱĮ
һ飬ƶСδı䡣


663 Ƹ6

ʲôʹܱȿԼˣһŮˣȴԼӻҪʹ
ȾĴ˿̣ʹĸηζڳ顣
˺ѷΣ棬Ҳܲ˱ӣҲܲ˱Χ˳Цһȹڣһ죬ˡ
Ѿߣӱ۸ˣĶԳүô˵ҼҲǴ̵Сӣôô
˵꣬ͳȾ׷ȥ
ļҵĴ̣ǳҴ̳࣬ҲǳĴ󰢽㡣
ܾش󰢽㣬Ҳˣڴ󰢽ϣȾĹսʱԷ档
ɶԷȴˣΪ⣬֮ÿμ棬ͻҸֽ
Ƿʤ
ǰȾĻС㡣
ڳȻҪĲų룬óв룬ɫȻˡ
ϯһū˵Ļeȥ
ߣΪһūţҲǰʴʣ⼸꣬ҳ̫ļˡļݵĲ֪ߵغ񣬲ŻʹһūҲļҴв
ɫһתͷԸСӣһ磬ɸӹȥļң¸˵һ
ӽϻȥǾͻȥǰ״ҪҪǰһȥ
ˡ󰢽ֲɵȾһ֮ԡ
಻ɵΪļҵĶϱͷѹţҲ
ⲻȾıϯﵱ裬ȾؼҺ󣬾ȥ̫̫ǰһ٣̫̫֮Ϳϱ˳ˡ
ڶϱ趨ʡʱⲻ˻ĥϱһ٣öϱŶӣ̺Ⱦ緹
ȾĻϯ˵һ֧һ˵Ľãǰ£ļһүϣȥǶһŶˣ˵ϯС㻹һӰܣǲģɩ
ҲôϤϯңǺƳһ۰żƵĸռˡ
һżݻҵҲҰ룬ʲô
ǰȾСӣͦģԴμ޸̰־ݻҺ󣬾䡣
ˤѾߣɩǰǰһǷ

ʹĸŮٲԣ˼ţ͹ݣͲòŶԷ


664 Ƹ7

ϯʲôõģ黭ܹͨȥ£һϳĸϲ
Ⱦֲĳ뾹ȻԸȢһССϯҲԸ࿴һۡ
Ұ룬ϲϯ
ǲϲ㡣
︹̣ȴͽܲˣʲôŵء
ߣҿĸǱϯ﹵ˣʧġȾƲ죬·Ϊ򱧲ƽ
಻мɨһۣ˵ǰ˰һһ飬һʼﻹԸأ˵ԼСС䲻ϳүҼҰȢɿڴӦġ
ҿǹڳĸǰܹݣߣ֪֮ôأ˵ĸǱȥȾĿɾڳǰĨϯ
ƲƲ죬ȾĺͷԸѾ߰ѿ볷ȥû
Ⱦһŭ
ļĸŮˣ̫̫³Ȳ裬ȾĲһı飬ͬɩ֪ҼɩУҵģҡҲʮ꣬ᣬҲôһңɩܲܰң
ΰ㣿
ҡҲᣬ͡ҡȾһͨ졣
Ůң£˼ֱ˵ڡ
̫̫֪࣬ҲĵΪĸףҸۣҾţðĻᣬٸһңֻǣۣôһľڳòˣԭڼҲ£Ϊ˰ģһǺƤһᣬͰﰢһѣóȢ˰Ϊƽ޿ɺã
Ǻǡ
һֻ˴ЬҲ޸Ұƽޣ
ʲô
վ
ǵܸһЩô

ǣһϵżƣ֪˵ʲôˡ
࣬£ֻȥ˵ֻͣҪԸ޸˳룬պҲ㡣
̫̫ǣ³ˣŵģһã²ɣǾͱŵĲ
Ǻǣһ
Һļҽףؽ֮ãɲǰļܴĥġ
಻壬ż鲻ãĥĥֻҪ̫һ̣ȥˡ
̫ˣҲǺǵġ


665 Ƹ8

ǳҵճŮͼ޵ļɲŰġ
£Ҳֻڰǰһ䣬벻ͬ⣬Ҳû취
ȾļɩǳĸĴ󰢽㣬ĸС;㣬ֻҪڳĸǰΪ˵ûĸһͬġ
ޱĿű仯̫Ķӣ侲£ҵģ£ᣬϯо֮ϲϯ£ϯڼΪΪʱȥϯģ
ʲô˺һ˲檵ģĸǳҵүƾݣȢȢɩǲǲİңȾứˣ·ݺ۸һ㡣
üһ¶һ˿мҰһӣֻȢҰһСĽͰ֮ĸ飬꣬Ұ˵ȢޣҲһҪȢһϲģһһһ˫ˣ檡
ܡȾʧķһ
һ̣δйôϯ
Ǽʡ
ּʡ
þ˼Ѿ֭Ҳûܳɹ޸룬󣬻Լļ޸̼һӡ
ڣ
ϯء
ʲôø׾ٵľӵĳ谮
ƾʲô
ϯʲô
ƾʲôõİ
ƾʲôõеΨһ
ȾĲľôϯ
ģ飬Ͳǿ󣬰㣬ֺαִţֻҪ°룬𴦿ȥ֣ᷢϣȰ뻹Ҫˣ㲻Ƿǰ벻ɵġ
ǷãΪ˲ӰԼ֮ĺ໹ǺĺȰ˵һ
ĺģȴȾĵ¿ηΡ
Ⱦĺ޺޵ĵҪΪҺãóĸͬȢңȻһӣҲùҲù
ǣָָ֪࣬ϯָ롭
ҳĵճŮɲᱻȾļ仰͸вסˡ
ӣԡ
Ȼ̫̫ϱ岻ʣͲ̺ˣϱˡ
̫̫ڣͳȥˡ
Ⱦָ̫̫ŵ㿴ɩʲô̬ȣҾ˵ôĹװģɣèǻһգ¶ĿĿôһֱƲǼҵء
̫̫ô룬಻ܡ
緹ûԣʹҴһҡ


666 Ƹ9

̫̫һһףʹﻹвʣҲ˵ʲô
̫̫ϯҶԹޡ
Թ淵£ûʹӦֵ混С檡
ԭΪСôҲ꣬Żãû룬ǸûĵģȻ淸ˡ
ҪСܲס㱻òȥ򾪶Ƿһֱ
ֻҪvȻȥάһӵŭ
ŭж淵ģҲжүģжϵġ
Ӧ淺ϯ£ﻹлȥԣһУϵĴ
ԭĨϯ£˭֪
̫̫յĺݺݵһ峤̫̫ϣӣǽˡ
ʱ˵Ƹˡ
һվһƸĸСǣҴȥСԷ
ƸϺϯͬãһȡȫΪױԭϯȥңƸ̧ź󣬻ֱȥСԷ
СԷʱƸҲո͵˶ʱ˷ܵȥճԺеĿλѷƸ
ͷһ̧һ׽񣬰̧ѹˣĪʵĵģ
ɣǿһ߶೤ҪʵģöӰ
˼ҳҼҴҵòӣģҲ̫Сˡ
ǿǼ̧ӣӴǲǺݳɴô˵һƥ͵ٶӣƥ͵ǧӣƸ񣬿治򵥰
˼ҳүʲôȢϱ͵Ƹ񣬻ܱȥ
˵۷׷ףʮ̧Ƹ񣬶Σһףһһֹأڳһ˿۾ˡ
ϯϯ᰽öˣһʵĵŰԺӵƸ̫үƽ
ǳϯ߹ϯҵŮϯﲻһӺʹŮƾʲôôܼ޸ˡ
ǣһףһһһ³ңƾʲôϯȴҪҸĶࣿ
ƾʲô
ƾʲô
ϯϯöŭү˭ҲܸǴ𰸡
̧Ķϯϯüʵ˼㡣
ӵһĶ飬һУһ飬Ҳװһӣһ˿ߡö򰡡


667 Ƹ10

ϯϯţʵնŤˣȴ˭Ҳҿ˵ʲôΪƸһ̧һ̧̧ҵҲ˲١
Ƹ̧ˣĬĬһѽӴһʮ̧
׼ӣƸӣ㡣ϰ֮ĳ̫̫Ƹӣݸϡ
ȻƸͺϼƺõģǣԺӵĲƱ棬޳УϻǱݺ𺳵ˡ
ð죬Ż񣬵ðЩƸ񣬰ﶼҪȥģ㣬պҲи
һЩƸ񣬻ϯٴسң̫̫һ㶣ȻϵҲ֣˼֣ǺãƸ࣬׼ӻǶలϯһĺá
׼Ҵɩ˵ǡ
˵ţͷԸĺ˹ȥϯ
˶࣬Ƹֶǰڷڱϣδⶪʧ̧̫̫ƸСǶء
̫̫Ϊý֮һƸƸⶼҪһһ֣ϯõƸӺ󣬾ͺ̫̫һƷ
ﰮ֣ҲҪһȥ
ΪƸ̫࣬˾ͷֿж
ϯѼݼұ߿ʼ̫̫ƼȾļ˴߿ʼԺеľԣд̫̫һĳ࣬Ƹѵȡ
㣬ЩƸ֪үģЩɴ֪ôǿǽ֮
ɴӣϡҹһҲʮƥңöʮƥҲʣʮƥҡ
ϡΪɴһƥ͵úüӣƥɴǼǧӡ
ЩΣ飬顭һϵȻѵһı
׽𣬶ʵĵġ
һ㣬ʮ̧ƸҪӰɣ
һ뵽Ӿ͹ĵϴ󣬵ϯ㣬ҺĽô죿
ĽҲĽģϣֻһүѼЦŵ
Ҳ֣ү԰ȷʵ˲˼
ôɩҲĽˣϯ￴üŪۣڰʾʲô
ߵͨ죬ŵҲŲĽأΪˡ
ǺǣҶ㣬Ҳ۵Ľ͵͵ȥ˽ϣһ׹ء
ףʲôʱ£ô֪Ѽݶɨȥѵԣ


668 Ƹ11

ǶɩաϯѼһ䡣
ѼѶʱĽˣ⻹ûأͳˡ
˵˵˵ЩҲӺҪǱҰˣ
ɫ΢΢˱䣬Ͻ˼䣬߶дʣޡСûë˵ΣĲ飬õ顭
ǰӭƸĴӣ˵ʲôǸ֡󼪴ϲӣɻ˵֡
Сڵһʱ˵ˣʱһȺں䡣
Ҵˣ㣬ԭҺòԺ˵ע
ˣҲǹġοһεҲһ仰ܰ˵ûˡ
֮Ʋ죬˵ϲΣȥһѡ
һж飬ﻹˣҪɫĸ׺Ьϣ϶Ư
ţʱױ
ҲŶ󣬻кüأУ㣬Ŵ飬ҳʱͲױ
⺢ӣ˵˵ʲôǡ߹̫̫ŮϯҪ飬һʱߵͨ졣
ѵŮүϯƸҲҪ˵˵󣿡
Ӵˡ
ôôһûûƤŮ
ϯЦЦûʲôϲȥǣһء
ҲСŮ󣬸ҪûôŮ¡
̫̫ѵһٺ治ҪˣƸƸӣϯһţ̫̫һûسң̫̫ΪýˣҲһţʣһţϡ
ƸױһպϯļױҲñŵӣͬÿһݡ
ѽ飬ô˼ţ
˰ƸͽⷿʱͻȻһС˾
ڳ֮ԣɫˣæ߹ȥһȻԭһӵĴ飬˿ȴ˺üš
̫̫˼ţ
ССһ󣬻ص̫̫һţɫĿźɫġ
Χԣһ
飬ÿһŶֵϰӣŴ飬ֵǧӣôţ̶ʱ䣬Ȼ͵Ŵ飬С͵ĵӣίʵҲ̫˵
̫̫ϣʵ׼ӣ鶪ˣ㿴ҪҳΪã


669 Ƹ12

ϯҵϣɵҲϯҵѣʹ̫̫ôҲȹϡ
ҲյĲС
ĺƸû뵽ƸصĴȴ͵
ңȻС͵Щеһ
ūţӣһΣϯҶǶ档
Ϻݺݵ飬һҪ顣
һֱſţ˼ߣĿ֮͵ߴ飬ǶԷһǵ
ϯ̫̫ʱһ⣬ϣʲô˼ǺĺƸȴǶС͵ǣ
Ҫû͵飬ʲô̫̫Ŀƣ˵͵ģ
ҿû͵ϳ̫̫ϯ̫̫ʱˣҷ
ڳˣﲻ⣬ʣ˭Ҳҷ̫̫
̫̫˭õģóȻҾҪѾˡ
̫̫ǼŴô˾Ͷ£Ǻﲻǻвô˵ˣҶݣΪ⼸ŴҪѿ´ȥɲᶪϯҵ棬Ҳᱣס
˵Сϣϯϱ
̫̫ȻݣͲøɳ͵֮¡
ƸϵĴ飬ͶٿţǶнģţԢͻ᲻ͬ
ԣµϯЩݣҲҪŴһ
ӣ͵֮ǲԸóǺãҲͱҲˡ̫̫˵꣬ҪѾǹ
һ¡
ͻȻһ˳̫̫ķԸ
̫̫ȥһʮСͷϣȴһ١
ȻСǼ˵ġ
̫̫ʶԷôҪ
̫̫֪˭͵˴顣˻һڳ˼
̫̫Ҳʮ⣬ʵ˭
ҵľӡ
˻
Ժһ󵹳
ƨŭˣһСͨ죬ʲôʱôˣƾҺͰϵҪ飬Ҫ͵ô
ƽ޹ʱԩƢȭͷȥϯá
ϯίĿС㣬׶ģ㳯ҪŴ飬̫̫ѵ㣬㻳ģ͵͵Ŵ顣


670 Ƹ13

ϯҵϣɵҲϯҵѣʹ̫̫ôҲȹϡ
ҲյĲС
ĺƸû뵽ƸصĴȴ͵
ңȻС͵Щеһ
ūţӣһΣϯҶǶ档
Ϻݺݵ飬һҪ顣
һֱſţ˼ߣĿ֮͵ߴ飬ǶԷһǵ
ϯ̫̫ʱһ⣬ϣʲô˼ǺĺƸȴǶС͵ǣ
Ҫû͵飬ʲô̫̫Ŀƣ˵͵ģ
ҿû͵ϳ̫̫ϯ̫̫ʱˣҷ
ڳˣﲻ⣬ʣ˭Ҳҷ̫̫
̫̫˭õģóȻҾҪѾˡ
̫̫ǼŴô˾Ͷ£Ǻﲻǻвô˵ˣҶݣΪ⼸ŴҪѿ´ȥɲᶪϯҵ棬Ҳᱣס
˵Сϣϯϱ
̫̫ȻݣͲøɳ͵֮¡
ƸϵĴ飬ͶٿţǶнģţԢͻ᲻ͬ
ԣµϯЩݣҲҪŴһ
ӣ͵֮ǲԸóǺãҲͱҲˡ̫̫˵꣬ҪѾǹ
һ¡
ͻȻһ˳̫̫ķԸ
̫̫ȥһʮСͷϣȴһ١
ȻСǼ˵ġ
̫̫ʶԷôҪ
̫̫֪˭͵˴顣˻һڳ˼
̫̫Ҳʮ⣬ʵ˭
ҵľӡ
˻
Ժһ󵹳
ƨŭˣһСͨ죬ʲôʱôˣƾҺͰϵҪ飬Ҫ͵ô
ƽ޹ʱԩƢȭͷȥϯá
ϯίĿС㣬׶ģ㳯ҪŴ飬̫̫ѵ㣬㻳ģ͵͵Ŵ顣


671 ϯó1

㡭㲻ԩң͵˵һ£ˣȾҪ˹ȥƼһѾסˡС㣬侲
һ侲ûԩ͵ҿǴ͵ģңĵﻹ֪жహء
޲֮˼£ͱƼѹƵġ
ϯųһ亹ΪҪһأĻҷȥģѸ
ϯһ߽ӣû͵Ҳû㣬ҿۿ͵ģ㡭͵˺󣬲
СƤӣңϡ
ǽһŭƫƫƼѹȥˣһӻ𶼱ؿϣˡ
̫̫һ£Ŀϯã侲˵͵˴飬ʲôʱ򣿡
̫̫ߣϯĵЩҺͺ£˵͡ѵ֮󡣡
ƨһֱڰߣѵһܷȥ͵ɡ˵ţֻϯˣ㣬ʲôǲʲô£˵͵˴飿
̫̫ߵһӣҲϳϯõݣЦǵʤϯӰɣؼң͵ǼŴ飬񲻸͵
Ȼϣϯ̫̫ūɴǱ͵ˣūϯ̫̫ū
Ǹ˵һ裬˻ǳϯҴ󷿵ˣȻͶ˼Ҫʾϡ
Ͽһӣּ̫̫ûֹ͵ͷȻС㶼ϯãǾɡ
㡭ôһūҿϯҵŮ
ϯ֧ɲǵϵһ峤̫̫мĶһ䡣
ϯñ˱죬Ȼˣ޵ĺίҰ̶ˣȴ۸ңңҡأҲҪˣȥˣҡ
졭̫̫ŭȣʲôӣĶݵ޿䣬໰˰ȥһǴǴ͵ˣȻô֤Լף
Ҫҡ
ȾĶѸٹȥסϯãӶס죬˻ϯİʾ£ûȥֱֵ
ȫҲûѵ顣
ϯüܡ
оϯ͵ġ


672 ϯó2

ϯݵģһ׽Ϸ롣
ңҲѯڴԱߵСˣС֤ϯǶЩ
ֻǣСҲ˵ˣϯòûȥ飬ôϯͻȻԶһѾߣ
ȾɿϯãȥץСѾߡ
СѾϻŲѣʶҪӣվԶһѾסڳ䣬һӰŵĶѾߵĻ
Ŵ飬й˳
˵һȻѡ
Ȼ׷ָСѾߣ䳰ȷ˭ҵѾߣôĵӣȻ͵ҵƸ񡣡
СѾϵ·ǵʤϯҵġ
ʶϯߵСѾߡ
Ӵһͣ׽ء
ǺƣԼС͵ҵС㣬ʤˣǡһһͻ͸ˡ
ߣΣ͵ˣŮ͵ǳ˹֡ϯҴ󷿵ˣûһǺõġ
˵⻰ˣҵһӡ
һ仰ͰϯҴ󷿵ĳŶ˳
ź֪󷢵ҺϯҴ֮ǴŴģϯͬΣΪүײɵô
Сɵӣڻûء
˵Ҫɵһӡ
ɱҪܡ
סᣬôõʤϯ˺ܣ϶ʹýŲȡ
˵ʤϯұȥ࣬ϯҶӵܹճСĽ̵ôۺ˴飬С͵أ
͵οǼŴ顣
ӴǶˡ
ʲôİʲôŮ
ţᡣ
һһԣϯ̣СϺϯᰣϣվ˵˵
Сһeû
ϯ|޲õиضȥϯöʱʧջߣȻͻȻѾߣv澣ƽ㲻ô㾹Ȼɳȶ֮£Ҵ㡣
֣žžžѾ߼ơ
ѾޣҪʱϯһƮȥ˶ѾߵĻʱ˵ˡ
֮ϯð͵£ȫƸСѾߣ˵Լ̲ܽϣڸϯǸ
ңΪ˶סڳ˵죬ϯûҪСѾ߶ʮӣֹˡ
˵ǳƸļӣ˼ѪҪͷūţǴؼȥͷɡ


673 ϯó3

ڴŲţϯò֪һε£ȴСѾһ˿
СѾ֮Բָϯָʹ͵Ĵ飬ȫΪǼūţһ˶ϯҴ󷿵ūš
һϯõʹˣ֮󣬲˵ˣϯöŹ
һ˵ϯҴء
£Ҳڴȥ׷ǰϸҲˣӣ͵ſڡ
ֱˣҲϯͳȥ˺ϾͶԻûߵĳ̫̫̫̫˵׼ɩӣ̫̫Ҵ⣬ŲܣŻ£þίұţǸ
̫̫ҲǾŴŵˣƽİοϵ²Ĵ㲻ΣҪ־͹Ǹϯ˼NõƸ񶼸͵
̫̫ҲǸСˣˬĵǸͲˣҲ㣬պƤˣóĳԾУÿδȥҪ߶ҳĵģҼҳĵصƤҲ֪˭Ӿֻ֪ԡ
̫̫͹ЦѾͷÿȥңǲģѽǶʳģҿպޣҾ͸Ѱһóĵʦ޺ˡ
⵱ùõģͳСĳһֻСҲѾͷ⼸¶ֶˣ̫̫˾䣬ڴӶŮ۳裬ϲġ
ļҳ̫̫̫̫һ뿪
һߣϵɫ
ϯϯýն棬Ҳ͵ɷʴһףͲҪΪĴ鲻ãӡ
¶ң֪ᷢ飬ҾͲȥʤǹ
Ϻϻˡ
ѷҲûá
ϵ񣬺Һ㰢ȥңúø񣬵ǸóΪյ¸񡣡
˵ǣ£ɣ⼸ˣǺúЪЪ
£ôҪ㵽׻ǸӡҪϯҵĳ⡣
ϯû˵ʲô
ϣϯﻹȥһ˵ʤҵСϣСһʽס
˺գϯŰȥ˳ҡ
ϰǰյߵӣվڴſӭӡ


674 ϯó4

յıϵʱϰ˾͵£Ѿϴϱ˵ˣǲǣҲϲ
ֵҳˣɲǵСģΪС¾ῴ׼ĸǾͷĺˡ
ȻƺԭСһϽ׼ĸϰ˾ЩŤһ뵽ԼϲϯڳԼ׼ϱϰ˾;ãһ׼ĸеҲûôΪˡ
磬ϰ˻ϯڳԷϯͳڼҲ֪ϯͬ¶æ극ü˻ȥˡ
һڻص֮ϯյһϢ
ϯñСϼ޳ȥˡ
Ҽ޵ر𼱡
Сȥ࿴˼ңվͰȥˡ
򵥴ֱֱһͰȥ˷ңһǮƸûҪýҲʡˡ
ȻСҲûΪϯ׼һǮױ֮ǰΪϯñݣؼͻļױСҲûϯôߡ
廨죬ͰˣһѾҲûš
ֻӰѣʰˣȫСϸˡ
ߵģҲͷһӣһ׹һֻӣ£ǶǷļױ˵ϯýʱŶϴֻӣ۾ˡ
Ǳ߿¶|ˡ
˽ˣзͲ˰װˣ϶һʱ佫ʵ
ӵʤϢƼֻĸϯ㱨
ϯˣüۺЦԸƼȥҴôһ˼ңô˵ϯҲý㣬ϯˣɲһ۸ȥôҲùȥýų
СģūһȥúþԷһöԷҪúý̵ϯΪ֮ɲһЩ͵͵¡
һΣСֵĿ죬Ȼүֻ֣ϯȫ˶ûˡ
ƼϯõºԼſС
С㣬Сˣ˵үүС޼Ҿˣү˹ȥȡ
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ϯĻ¶ļϯͬ϶ûüƼҾߣȥֳɵģ±֪ˣͿ˰ϯƼҾߵ¶
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675 ϯó5

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ȻүҾζţȥҼҲûôضţȷＸգɢɢζȥ
ϯͼױͷһٹᣬʱֱӷԺһ죬ȻﻹûôܷⷿŵôҾߡ
뵽ԼСϱסԺӣòƻûôĿӣ͵ţ㡣
֮үֱ׳İϯҾߵ˶ǴˣȻСѾͷܵϴˡ
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676 ϯ֮Լ1

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Ҳ֪ϯ뵽ʲôȻߵͨ죬ݺһۡ
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뽫ϯ˱Ժ壬ǧտҵһ죬ֱĽϯͻؼҡ
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ǣ
ϯһ仰ҲҷͷԹ԰ѵ
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֪ˣ㰢һϸͷĺˡ
뵽һ£ԼĽŮ˼ҵˣ̲סĲᣬϯۿ
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ŮҪˣôģ
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ţҼסˡ
ȥżңɱȲңϰȻƺ˵ɳһ̫̫ڣǴ̫̫Żƣɶ̫̫ǸģպⲻҪϡ
뵽Ƕ̫̫һֱϲϯϾ͵ǵĶ̵˵үף̫̫δҿ̫̫ϵպºòˣҲҪӣѹ㣬͸ϰˣϰţҲš
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һǵүųҵ¶æҪȥࡣ
Уպһ£ҪԷΪŽ̻壬үĻ

һ죬Ͻ̵ϯܶܶ࣬ϯǰӳǰûеľϯġ
ţǼŮ顣


677 ϯ֮Լ2

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ϰλôµĵһ죬ϯƳһʲô
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һ춼ĲɵĳʯԷķʵңסΪңǲǻЄe£
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㡭ëëһ죬ȻҲ¶СŮ̬
ҡҺϲϯһ飬ĴڣԭĻϲȥģǣӶϯȥҲû취ҰֵҰﲻͬ⣬ҹҶ֪Ҫôˡ
һãֺ¡
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Сһļᶨϯɬ⻰Ҫȥ㰢˵У˵ֲҰýȥף㰢ܴӦ
ۼϯұңɲǵһΣǵһء
̫̫ĶûὫŮ޸ϯСС˼ҰοϯӹǲãСʱԹá
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ƾĶۣŮҲ᲻á
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պѾߣͻȻܹϯС㣬ȾҼСɣҼСѾҹûûˣȥôǺð


678 ϯ֮Լ3

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ϯ˳ңгҴ죬պϯںݳǵĵλڽڸԣûϯҵŻ
ϯϯͬĵճӣǸƵĺţܼ޹ȥӿ϶ùǡУϯӹ̫˵٣ɲ޹ȥû꣬ҪɹыD


679 ϯ֮Լ4

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ʶҡͷȻŵǵĿϯڸô죿
ô죬Ȼǳȥ㰢ǵǸǺģȻ˵ǡϯ£Щڿʣ뵹ȣ֣뵽û˽ַˡ


680 ϯ֮Լ

£˶Ѿ֪ˣҰﻹ֪ȥҸҰ˵˵£ˣϯҲһŬǱߣҲΪԼҸһŬ
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ôԣǸˣôῴοҲ⡣
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ϯûϢѧ˼ҾʳвˣԽԽ⣬ҿģҲֻͰһ㰢ǰһЩת䡣
Ȼǰǣ̫̫Ҫ֪ϯʵҥôȻ˾ǹҹ̫̫ҲӦ
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̫̫Ů߳ˣһɼŮ̶գһȦС԰ˣۣԹϯ


681 ϯ֮Լ6

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뵽Ůϯҵϲ̫̫ĿһӶµܡ
òף̫̫Ż
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Ůˡ
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682 ϯ֮Լ7

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ﻹһ۸
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ֻҪһ뵽ŮպŹһȥŮ̫̫ҲĵĺܣѾｻϣ̫̫ĵĺܣҪϯ̫Сϴξ˵˵ﶨϯ蹡
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ϯˣѾ޸ҲСο£Ҳϼףֻǡһ뵽ϯͳ£̫̫ͷˡ
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683 ϯ֮Լ8

˵ˣϯǰ֮԰ҪˣֻҪ䲻ţͲپɲ
ϯڹʱ¶ȣֿȣԣֻҪϯԼϣɲĿԾͺ١
ҪȥݼˣϯĻǺܽŵģ㣬ȥҴүϲʲôҵһţ˼ϲģУ̫̫ǶҪˡ
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ϯЦˣ̫̫Ҫ˵˳
ϾȵѾͷ㵨ҲôҶ̫̫Ҫ
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ûС
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ϯϯ˹Է
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684 ϯ֮Լ9

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685 1

̫̫ҲûʲôϾǱŮһӵĴ£СĽЩҲӦõġ
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ϯϷʵĳϯգգ۾ЦŵһΣɵöлƼǣҪǽ̵书ѳҵڹķˣҲܵڵôá
岻ãҿɲŵ꣬;Ҳ˴Ҳ̺ܶࡣ
ԣƼ˿˵ϯľˡ
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ʯԷ緹쵽ˡ
ϯЦϷһéȥĿá
ǡЩˡò˼æһýڣҪȥ
ϯܿⶺѾȥ㿴
eˣھòˡ
æ֣ʾƼȥ
ϯǺǵЦﷴӦϯǶʱߵһСͨ졣
ô죬Ҹضȥ
Ҳ˹ȥЦ޼ɵŮһצ
Ȼ׼ӣɲҵ߇Ķŵ㣬ôҾ·ʯԷȥһ۰Ҳûþͳˡ


686 2

ˣûáһʱûã
СﶼûȥˣҲͲˡ
ϯ͵飬ȻԸ⣬ؿڱ֤һС㣬飬ˬ֡
ױǰһ죬ȥׯϼ˽ˡ
ѼѺ飬СԷһӱˣﵽ˰ƤҪס
ֻǣԴҸϯҳŵ̫̫ͲϯҹҹԺ³ˣ»ᱻ˵л
ϣϯǺѼһ˯ģ
գһ磬ͻһѣͷϴ˳͵һ֧˿ⱦʯοĵϴһͬ󣬲ŵһӵһ̱ʯ
һĸͶϵĸ׹ӳ
С㣬ҪҪ䣿ϯͷεʵ
ɣ˿ɲ١Ѽ߹ȥֻ䣬Ҫϯϴ
ϯЦ㣬ҽύС㶼СС˼ҵģ˰ɣe̫ࡣ
ϯﶼô˵ˣѼѾͷ䡣
ϯ￴Ѽѻ£ͷһһӣǰ͸ģǶǰðޡ
ϴһССССģװ׵ģܿɰǱԼ׬ġ
ʵʵ򵥵ɱųţǺðһȾĺɻ㣬˿ŵһͷǡɾ峺
ϯԼϻӣҳµķɫݸѼѣ㣬ϴȥϸģϴҶǸˡ
ý˿ģܹذɣҲҪԼŴѼѲա
ϯﾭǱ˵ģ˵£ɹصģҪ
ϯֲǴģϯ硣
ǣɲܸϯ
㣬Ǹģϴξﻹȥˣ˺üԣһԸء
ʲô͸Ҵˣ
˵ܑܑ
ﴩĹ߽
һţͿϯϵľⲻϴľôϴһԸңԺǸѼѵģôѼ㲻Ҫ
һ㲻ҪҾҪˡ


687 3

Ѽ֪ǱÿᣬҪǱĸġ
Ѽˡ
һϧƳǾĵǶǻɫģûԺÿҿһ۾Ϳԣɰ˵Ǹѡģ˵ۺɫƯѵҴͲÿˣߣҿƫ㡣
ϯѾϸĵΪѼфeڷϡ
ԭܲСѼѣʱ㣬ˮϺ˶֡
ƲƲ죬˵ðɣѼѴԾҲһҴĺÿ
ѽѼѱʲôһһС㣬ȥ㲻ܺͼѼѱȡ
ѼСģ涷޵ùҾСĴ´硣
ðɡ
ֻǼѼѿϯ˯һᣬ̲ס˵˼䣬ʵҪѼѱʲô
Ѽѳũ壬ʲôܺȵġ
ɲϯӣʶȤ˵ȥãǶõôˡ
ãָϯСԷĴá
ױλС㶼СԷϯ˰Ѵòһ
˵ǲãһЩڶ౦ϣȻѾǣ׼Щʳ
û緹ˣˣȥڴãһ̻Ⱥĸ
ûã׵ϯѼҲš
ĳ࣬ϯﶼû˸ǿԡ
ôõҶˣҳʱǷԸѾϱЩʳ
һ˵һ߻ˮ⡣
ϯЦͲӣ

ʱͰ͵Ŀ㣬㲻ȥǰ˵ǰɣ
ˣ˾ͳԣС㵹ˮȻҭסˣһ
ѼѺĵΪξģ
ϯ΢ЦѼѼüŪһѼѶʱˣȻϷʵպҵøĿڣˡ
ߣ¡
ﲻߣֱ׳Ӧ
ѼѺϯЦ
ʱˣ˵ҵλСˣսš
넣Ŀ硣˵ţͳӲ˲죬Ҷþûмǽˣҹù˵ȥ¶£ԷǼϰ˱üҵһӣھͶڽ·ݡ
£Ҳˡ


688 4

˵зİǸƷٶڽǱְԷϼͩǶ飬ѾǸˡ
ô˵ԺҪȥͩǣϯЩڡ
ǰǼ޸ӡ˼ҳ̫̫ӡ֮ļıɣӹĲãľ
ûмӡȴҪ޸һӣҲ֪δӻ᲻ıǰã
˵ţżҾͩǵģ˵ҪȥأԷǼϰ˵ıã넼޹ȥˣǿڼϰ˵ķϣҲܺùġ
ϯԣԼ넵ĵľͷˡ
ܿ죬ҽѾˡ
ЦŵȿȣҸøĿڣıĸȻóױݸϯ
һ֧ҡ滹Ƕʮŵĸɫӣܺÿ
ϯӹӳģз
ʵĵġ
͵ױһֻˣͼ͵һǶʯӣǿĵģܺʵһҲڼ넵ӡ
ױίʵᡣ
ϯתְӱ˵ݸרŸױȾϣȻԸѾݲ衣
ǶżҵĹϵμ넣ϯԸо϶һЩЦݣǰüۼܻḡֵİȣյɫҪöˡ
ϯ֪ͨˣҲڰӡˡ
ϯΪеˡ
ȴ֪Լ˼ϯ￴͸ˣıĸҺҪڳҳϲ磬Ǿˣı˶ǣնȥ·㣬ı˻ĶҲǣ˵ǲܶ㣬ˣҪǡ
˵⻰ʱЩί
ıƫۣıĸȻѹŮ̫Ҫˡ
ϯһȻȻߵͨ죬ҧгݵǲҪģƼȥóԵģʱǸôԾôԣҪΪҵ˳ϲ硣
ϯǽһ߳ŭ
ǸҪģȻвŮ̫Ҫˡ
ϯﶼöˡ
ƫƫԸֱ׳
ˡ
Ʋ죬ίı˵ķԸǽòҲȻҪҰ״㻨ӡ
ˣϯ|֮ҹԲҪǸҪ|
̫ˡ
Ȼ㻨ӣвŮ
ŶӣЦȻֻ˵һûȥסȻүˣֻҲҪвһ١


689 5

һĿ˵Ҵĸû㣬Ͱź󣬾ֱȥҳϲ𣿡
ЦȻֹȻŵҲȥҾϯңϯдˡ
㲻ȥǾ͸ĸȥôĸôæ÷㡣
˵ţֿϯıĸĸҸ㣬ĸû˵һˣҲˣĸ˵౸ּ񡣡
ϯ΢Цţ֪ˣұģĺǶҲˡ
׵ĵڶգףʱҪżҵСǼ񣬳̫̫ǵ֪ӻˣʱˣżҵĵڶͻЦ
Ȼ׼̫̫飬ˡ
һˣŻͿ׼ҽˡ
Ż࣬ײͿײһţͿϯüʶʲĴС졣
˵ɫ΢΢˱䡣
һ̣ǺƸоϯĲࡣ
ǰϯݶǣҲǹĺãڣϯ˳ҵ̫̫һ졣
˵ļ䣬ʱĽ֮֮֮
ܶʲô뷨ϯﶼ΢ЦԶԣЩûˣ㣬ƯˣҲˣϰˣа񡭡
ϯЦ΢ſײһԵ°̺ۣôŵģ
СĿһ£վͻáײ˳ǣ¶һ΢΢ɬЦ
ϯʱ֪ϵˣ϶顣
ֻڳ̫࣬Ҳʣοǿײ˽£һʶҲãϯʱ⣬ǿ£һ²
ºϯæΪ˽ܼ넼ˣȴҶʶˣĲˮҲˡ
ŻݳһֻӣЦһΣǿɰûˣͻȻӵһ˺þãΪǼ֮޵һû뵽ȴǵһ޳ȥ
ģҲĽױȴᡣ
һֻʵĵĴӡ
ʮء
ŻóʮصӸױѾ񣬱ϾżҲСС˼ңһҲһӣ֮ǰҲӣʮӣѾǷ
׼ҽ͵ױࡣ


690 6

ײ͵һףϺõĶ棬ɫԧ|Ϸ|ˮǿײģϯϵóǰլסʱͿײһȥ巻
ײ͵һ֧ӡ
һ֧ͨӣӺᣬǿĵģûǶЩɣ滹дĺۼ
ԣǿײ´ӣǲϲˣŻױ
ײºϯĹϵһֱôãǿײϯϵãϯײʱðѿײ£Ȼϯﶼײ¡
ܿײ¸ʲôϯﶼЦӯӯĽӹײҲг޵һգʱٰӻǡ
֮ϯһҲ߸˵İӵݸȾȾǼᡣ
ϯӵױҪżױһ̧ȥżңԣվҪЩǼᣬȵżҺⷿʱͿŲӦԡ
ŻĽĿϯϣ˳̫̫ɾǲһҶϺõɣʮһأǰҰһȥֻм˹ͣҰŻóһѽ
Żһھͺȹ˱ĲˮȻﻹ˵УôõĲˮҵö
ϯ￴ŻһĲԿԸ񣬺Цұ˲ٵأȲȱˣĻпնԵġ
ٺЩ
ô˵ɲһһ輸һ롣
ɴ۾СԼֹҶڹݳɲˮͲֵӣеĺóˣ
˼ҾͰȲء
Ҳǡ
ĵͷ
ĺܿˣȺģϯæкҳȳԡ
˴ˮŻ࣬ɵˣҡȥһéޡĵĶ̵ǱԹˣ顣
İɣǶ緹
Żһʱߵͨ졣
Ҳ˲϶ˣڼɾѾȥéޡ
￴ǶӣԭЦһ뵽Ц˶Էϯ鷳סˡ
ײµ񣬾䵭˼֡
ź󣬿ײµһ˫۾ͲֵڴĴɨ䣬ÿһŶ߰棬Ǿͻ᲻мƲƲ
ʲôʲô֮˫µµת۾֣ܲƼһ˿䱸


691 7

Ϳײ²һײľʵʵſˮ⣬ĳţ飬ҲҶ
ͼǸֵģ˵ˮ
ϲԣȥóЩɣҾͻᣬҽ㣬ȳŴ׷ۡ
ײ½ſײĻƲƲм
ϯͻȻôûýͼãûô
ҶýѾˣýͼöˣӦ·ϰɡϯЦЦܺƢĽ͵
ײƲƲ죬һš
ô꣬ϯҴ󷿵ϯϯúǣû۸ϯϯ˳ң˳̫̫ϯﻹܺϯ᰼Ź֡
ײ½պƲױģ鷳ģһֶϯ˵㰢̺ʹ󲮶̱ˣ㰢Ҳûȥʤ̼˶˵㰢ﲻТǲģ
£˵ҥܵ档ײɫ㣬ŭסײ¡
ײϯΣܱǸҲǺ棬пĵһˣȥҡһ£ˡ
ԭͼ˵˵Ŀײȴ޲øϽʧ
ãҲ̫ûˡ
ʲôӣû˵ϯѿͱȥϯ²̨
ϯɲǰϯ
ϯ͵ǵ˳ҡ
׼ССģ˳ңл·
ʱһҪǽöֺϯϣܽϯϳҡ
ֻҪ˳ңպǳ©ôһ㣬Ҳ㹻׼Ҳҵ׳
ɰ˵ʲô
ˣοϯ
ײקãϯǸָǺ󣬾ͼҴҵ뿪
ŭǶʲô˰ҪϯױӣҶҪȥ
һϲ̨С˽Ͼʲôҿģ˾ǿϯãָж༵ϯأѼҲ߷ߵϯҼǵǸײ£լھӰɣҿ˲֣ԺǄeǼҵˡ
ţԭҺϵҲãҺͿײĹϵҲάһѵĹϵϣײʶʱ񣬱ȿײ˺ý
ײ¾һ׵Сˡ


692 8

ǰСǰװһаӣȴ˵һЩѿĻ²̨
꣬ѾܸǣҲСˣȴһڣ²̨
֮ϲײˣԺҲͿײ
ڿײôһãպҲҪԶһЩˡ
Żˣʱ׼ҽѾˡ
ŻѼѼɫÿ뵽ײµӣʱȻĿϯ͵ұһ˹ŵʱ˿׼ҽãǡҼҵҰˣûҾͺһġ
ʣǲǿײ˵ʲôĻ
Ƣˣ˭֪һֻһֻûǡ
Ż󣬽ϯͬʱҲ˵ϣ˲ҪΪײµǨŭϡ
޹ġ
ϯЦǼĻѣûΪҲûаǣһ㣬
Ǿͺãһ˳̫̫ݱˣƢҲأŵҶֱ㡣
Żؿڣһŵòӡ
ϵĵĺ󣬾ʲôҲˣͷͳԡ
ϲҪڷʱģһһֻӣֻаأһһ׹ôãҲֵǮϯﻳǵ̯ԸȾ͵ױͿײ͵ױһ
ϯҪţ׼պ⼸˻
һϯõϯ᰺ˣϯûȴһױ
һ֧Σʵĵģء
֮ϲȻԷ
극ϯϲҪס˼˰Ѷͻȥˡ
Ȼ˰Żͻȥ
Żʱϯ֣˵ҲȥңҪˣǲǶҸˣԺҪǳţҿɲȥ㣿
ţȥ֮ǰһŰУֻҪпգͻ㡣ŻֺãϯˬĽˡ
ǰϯŻĹϵͺܺãͷͻһ˵˵Żһ죬Ӷ˲ȥϯ˵˵ܡ
ǣԴϯᵽŻͺټ档
һ㣬ûˡ


693 9

ϣƤһѾȥң̫̫µġ
ѼѺϯ˯һŴ
ϯĴ˯һҲӵ
ֻǣϯԼո˯ţͱ˺ˣȻͱԺ˴ԡͰ±ϴ˸ɾ
ˮУϯԴҲ˲ˡ
ƼЦĵС㣬Щүˣȥ˳ңãū̺ЪϢ
Ҫءϯĵ
Ƽ˵һСҲһû˹涨Ҫá
үС̫ۣŻġ
ױʱϯ˳̫̫̫̫ͷĸĸڣҸӣŮŮ˫ȫǸиġ
ϯԹԵױ̨ǰ̫̫һͷһżһᵽβ޶˰׷üᵽף޶˶أᡭ
̫̫࣬棬һһëëҳֱͷһ֬Ĩ֬ˡ
ǿ֬ѼҲһп֬վ
Ƽϣһϸϸʯ졣
ȾϣʮɾİɫӣˣҲˮŲ̺̫̫
̫̫ǺݳˣᱻȥױҲˣѧһϺõĻױ
ԼĻױ죬ǼΪݵġ
͵͵־Ů󣬾Ҫ̫̫λãһ˼ˡ
һϯʹһ£ͷҲһ򵥵ķ٣ȷһߣϿױٴ
̫̫˿ʱ䣬ͷԸһѾߣȥһЩԵĹ
֮Ҫһ첻ܳԶڲӣһϯǳԲ
ϯ̫̫ѾԸһԲȥ˹ɡ
ǡ
Ѿ߸˸ȥˣһѾ߶˺üԲ
Ѿ˵̫̫˵ˣ̫̫С㣬ͱС㶼ûԣôһԡ
æһ󣬶ѾˣرСԻӶĹ˺ü飬ֻǽϯϲӣ鷳û˵
Բˣϯã֪ҲˣҾͲˡ
ϯңʲôʱ̫̫ЦĵһûϢĹŮȴԼûܾϯǸ顣


694 10

ȻŮӣԺ󲻹ܼȥ˭ң¶żӡ
ҲϰѾͷŮһš
ҳԲ̫̫Ϳʼϯ￪ױվһԣĿţﻯױĲ裬һһ
ºɫѾ
̫̫ӵ˸ÿˣ׼˴ƽʹȽûУ
Ůӳʱ϶ҪһƻһȽӣƽƽ󼪴
Ѽѵ׼ˣȾóϡ
أףֻнӣƻأȾƻӣͷڶϵڣƻɣֻʣһӡ
ʱǵͨ죬ǸǸҸˣҡҲ֪ǰõƽΪֻͨĹӣô죬Ҷûˡ
̫̫һһʱͨ졣
Խ̵СŮһôôóԣ
ǶӾ͸޵׶ƵģôҲԲųԵһԲء
ܻĵһŮСԻң²㣬ࡣ
ί
治֪ƽȻԸŶӣҲȥ
ϯ￪ڣΪΧԾͳ˰ɣҰ׼˲ƽڴأȾȥһ̶˽˭ҪԣýӵûϽһ
ȽӵˣԶܳˡ
ʱЦˣǰҺá
̫̫ģֵ
æһ䣬ҰҲá
ϱһСƻͽӣΪǳҪãصĸͮͮԲִģžͺóԡ
̲סһԣһ߳ԣһ˵óԣ𣬱ǻ𡣡
̫̫һ䣬ǿСŮôģô͸˰˰Ƶģ
ϯǸȵģûСŮƽϣȻҵͱСŮˡ
̫𣬳ɹâǻӵˡ
̫̫æ˷ڣϯͷϣȻϲϣҪţһϯȥֻҪסڳ˻κżҪ̧Щ
˲˵̫̫ҲӵżҺżʱ򣬽̧Ĳ߲ˤˣЦġ
С㣬һƻϻΣҪǶˣͳȾһƻϯ


695 11

͵͵ӣϯúЦҲûܾƻ˼¿С
ûãϯ˱ȻǴСԷ
ѾܹˣѾ˶š
ϯҲˣϻЩŵ㣬š
°㲻ģģҲˤˡ
ΪЩϯһֱͬҪͷȻΪ䣬˲٣ɿҲͺʮĺӰ㡣
̫Ưһۿͻߣרעϡ
̫̫ϯŷϯӰûҾء
һ뵽պԼŮûŮĸߣ̫̫ãͷˣ̫̫Ǹ֮ͨˣûڽոϯѿϯţȰ˵䣬ϲϯͶֵ˶ȥˣ޲̺һĸˡ
̫̫ûٿǰϯƸƫ˵ϲȻ£¼һ飬ûκβ׻©˵󣬾һ
ܿ죬ӭ׶ͽСԷ
һ̧ͷ˲ͱͷסˡ
ݵһƺţһֱźü꣬ûߣԣжǣ辡ò
ƽ⴩ɫɫ£Ի̫ɽգڴϲӳ£˲ͱһ֧TĶҩ㣬˶ˡ
Ȼ̫̫Ҳòݺ𺳾һ
죬ڳü֮ǰæЦˣ죬ϯӳš
ݳϰףŮڳһգ뿪ʱ˫Ųմأֵֻܱųš
ûֵܵģֵ
ϯͻСϯﱾӦϯģϯﲻϯ屳ϯ
ϯС˵ϰ֮ˣ˻ǱĶġ
ϯҪǰ˭֪˫һϯߡ
̫̫һ£æүⲻϹء
ͷҲأһ仰˶ģҲԸģҵӣԼŻȥ˭˵ʲô

ðɣû˵ʲô
ûϯһۣɵһȥô˵ʲô
뱧ϯȥ˴ãȻڴѰڷźõһϣȻݾߵͷ݄e˫ס


696 12

ϯٴα뱧Ҫʱˣʵ룬գҾͽｻˣպкδĲԣ㲻Ҫңȥ̵
룬ҾôһŮպҪúôǵ˵ģһգ㸺ҵҲҹŮֻظ
ðɣϯͬ᲻ùŮôޣֲҲӦѻڶô磬ҲֻнգŸҰڳӣ˵ݻ澯Ů
Ů̫ߣҲ̫һЩ
һͳɤ֤һա
ȻĸСϱˡ
ϯ˻κϯϯ蹶ˣоһߣǵһ㡣
ۣ̫᲻á
˿ӣݸϯˣǳףֲ˲ˣԺ밢ˣҾʹȥ
ϯʱԼˡ
ôһӺȻޱӣ˸ˡ
ĨһᣬŤ᲻ð㣬ûޡ
ðɡ˵Ϲˡ
͸㡣ȥȰȰϯȥҲȥȰȰϯɣˣ϶Ȼᡣ
ȻһۿеŮˡ
ϯʱԼ˹ֶ£ǵ࣬ϲȴˡ
ںݳǼ϶һȦһʱҡҡλεģϯͷ˯ˡ
ֱʱ֣βڵ˳ҡ
һͣϯ˻αţȻƿһֻ˽ǣ˻Ρ
һӣϣͳţһǣŽȥ
ڱУϯż裬Ҵݡ
ϰ˺ͳ̫үףϯһȥڴ󺰣һأȻԾһ˲ת˸ȥ
ϯﲢǵһγס
ǰųλҲһΰá
ʱһҲ֣Ҳϲãģ˸о
һΰãԱվŵǻĳ룬ǱλΧҲ֣ϲ
ϯЦˣЦر
һĨЦݣֱ·˴ϣһֱû¡
ȥﺰ˵˵


697 13

ͳɤϯ|кŮ˵Ķ仳У⻵˵꣬⳯䴵һϯһ²
Ǻǡ
ƵЦˡ
ϯŭڳֱϺݺһѣ߳ŭңȻϾʹ˯ˡ
Ҫ϶Ҫɡ
ˣѶȤˡ
ϯֵ㲻Ҫȥ넣ƼĸڣҲš
ûƼȥЩԵĹСϱˣ벻{ϷˣȻûˣҪˡ
һգá
һ뼦˿ͺá֪ĳŶ|ϯҲˡ
ãҪȥˣϲܻһֱϲɢҪˣЪϢõҡ
ϯţ˳뿪ĽŲ
ûãƼ˽ϻһ
űԴҪ룬ϯǳ˳飬ƼٺٵЦ˵ү˵ԵȻϻ֧
ϯʱ̹̣¶ȻҪ߼֡
ݷô죿
һô죿
Ҫˡ
ʲôֻ֧ôܸѾ˵ǡˡ
С㡭ԣū澵øĿˣ̫̫Ҫٲԣˡ
ȳȥɡһ룬ϯ˲ûθˡ
ƼˣǳһС롣
ԱˣƼߣү˵Ҷˡ
ǣ̫̫
ƼҲ֪̫̫ԲһҲûΪ̫̫ͳȥˡ
һȥԷȾ˻ˡ
ϯףѳԭ˶ˣѾѾߣǶѾߣԭĹӺ裬ϯϯңĹӡ
һţЦ̫̫һϢҽ˫ϲţ̫̫ˣڸոգ̫̫ͣһС⣬Ķˡ
ҽݵǰԺϲƣϰ˰˹̫̫ϲϰ˿ɸˣһµǮ
ܲôү͹˶֮꣬ϥȴտҲ̫үͳϰΪ£ٸҹû˯ž
񣬳̫̫ڻˣϰͷҲڿȥˡ


698 14

ϯһֱþδɢֱɫ̤ҹɫ߽·
һţ۾Ϳ˴ϽСϱƲ۾
ϯѾժ˷ڣϲֻһɫ£ɸɾˬˬ
ϯ̧ͷͳĿԡ
ģֹס˼£Ȼһζ̤ȥһѱסСϱһգҵ˺þˡ
šصľζȷſңȥѾˮϴϴ
ŨľζѬϯһϲ
ǺЦˣһڣŷſңȥϴһ
˵꣬˾ͳȥˡ
ϯĶסĽԸȥһѾù
ȳϴûʱѾ¶ȸոպá
СϱţܺãҲѾѺȣһȹˡ
ϯˣ˫ֽץһµĴųһһ߽үʱ仹磬Ҫ˵˵
ˡ
Ҫϯϱ߲ˣһܶ|֮֡
ҡ
˵ʲôϯͱ˹סͣȻϯﱻǵԺУϵﲻɡ
ϯﲻ֪һҹôģ֮ˮȣ۵û˵̧첲̧ȵġ
һ㣬ֻɳ׸
ڻǰϯͻȻͨ͸һ£ǾǸոտˣ̫־ˡ
绢̰ǣãҪʮŵľһȫϡ
֮оۣ˯ˡ
˯ԺʱоԼ˱Ȼ󱻷ȵˮУƣ۱ˮһݣ˲оࡣ

ϯУֱߺߡ
һֻıĸţţšϯﶼЦˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãڣϯﱻһ˫ֱƬ̣ͱķıС
һڣǼ|ڵζ
ˣٲˣҪﳤЦءߵͳ
ϯ͵һʶ
롭ۣŽߵˡ
ͳˣϣһޡ
һڣîʱˣˣҪܣ׻һߡ


699 1

ϯͳϵʱˡ
ˣϯһΣòڡ
ĸոպãҲյϰ˿߾ΪΧ
죬Ѳ׸Ŀڡ̫̫ҲʱڣȥϯΡ
ϯмĳźʹɩͶȥһл
̺ˣˮҲݺˣϯºϲͶһˮݸӹĺһ
ϰ˸˵Ӧˣӹ裬һڣȻӳùһֻݸϯɩʱҸļӣ࣬һֻϱ˭Ҳƫġ
лӣҺϲϯЦ
ϯ֪ϰ˹⵱˵⻰Ҳֻ˵ģԴ˻ס˵ѡ
رǳ졣
һֱϰ˵ޣϰ˵ļױһ˵ģϰôŮŮôȫһˡ
ңϰ˵ٶ࣬һЩǸһЩҲʣ²١
ǰϰ˽ų֣͵͵һױױĶȫױ
֪ϰ͵͵ͣױ٣ᱻ沿ᡣ
ϯѼ񣬵ݸԵģתָ̫ү衣
̫үļ񣬼򵥴ֱһ
ƮƮģϯһ£ӦһƱ
ϾϯȻ󱻳ţߵүͳ̫̫ǰǴ󰢸磬ɩ
ϯ񣬸ź󰢸ɩ۾΢Ц̫̫Ķ϶ۡ
̫̫æóϯ׼ļ񣬵ףľٰüͷϡ
ллɩ
ףĭӡүЦǺǵ
ڱԼСһֶϯү̫̫͸ԴСƵģʮֺͰס
رǳ̫̫ϲˣӴ˸Ǻ˼֡
ҵ˶࣬ûؼңҲֻǻСԣڽ˳̫̫ӵļ󣬾ֻʣĸСǶǶĺӣãһܡ
ϯﱸķݲļǰϯһһ͸ǡ
ֻǣ￴ԼϵЬӣֿϵЬӣ廨һģһ׺ҲһģһɫһСһʱˡ


700 2

ŭİҿǳҵմŮҵļôܺϲ̨vѾͷһ
žϰһһڸ߼ϣǳ֣ð歶ãvѾͷʲô
׽ãİ׼һļѵˣ
ѵҪİΪ㣬ڸ²ֺõճ
ϰһʣѳʵƿԡ
Լί޵ǵճƾʲôұȣƾʲôϯһţ͵֣ƾʲôճҪһءƫһˣҲҪίƾʲô
㡭˵˭ˣϰˣָųֶڲҸ㣬ﲻˣҳҵĶϱһӣҳҵˣҪȥӡңĳ棬ҪӡҵϣԺֻӡˣˣ棬ϵǳգĳˣǳ̫̫
ϰƺĺˣ˵ҪǲԸҳҴˣҾȥӡңҲʡҳǡ
ﻰ⣬ʾһ֮⡣
ƺû뵽ϰ˾Ȼô˵
ʱˣĿɿڴȴһ仰ֻϰ˵ʵҪȥӡңȼ޳ȥˣͲǳҵӣǳҵĹ̡
ңҲһˡ
ϯǳҵ̫̫һӣǳ벻ҪϯȻϯﶼǳҵŮˡ
ôأ
ԭһ˳۵vѾͷȴ˳ҵŮˡ
ڳңȴ˰̿еһ
ôԱ
ΪҪȢǸСvˣ
ΪΣ
ڣúСvһİ
һ룬òġ
ƾʲô
뵱ڰ£һμСv˵ʱСvҲֻ
ڡ
ԽԽܣԽԽġ
ɲģô
ѳʵ
Сvˣİ
ϣСv˵Ҳı䲻ˡ
ǣ岻Ҫ
ǣôܣϲСvء
ȳعʱ֮УѾʣһˡ
ί֣ãӦдŸһúʰСvˣܰСvֱӸϳҡ
Ȼʺİ
Ằһ


701 3

ףϯͱϧӣȻţڴϲߡ
Ϊ˯ţ˭֪ԴմͷûƬ̣ͳ˯ˡ
ϯʱѾ硣
벻ԣƿӣ˴ҵƼҴ˽
̫̫ˡ
˵ţʹ¹óһµĴȹ̺ϯﴩϡ
ƼתȥһˮƼ̺ϯϴʱĵ̫̫СŷˣҪˣūȥȡ
ȥɡ
ϯ緹ˡ
ĳȥϯƼүȥĶˣ
鷿ү˵̫̫ˣȥ֪ͨū澸ϳѾȥ֪ͨˡƼһ֧Ƕ챦ʯĽҡϯС
ѡн˿ߵĴϯٺ
ŽҡԣһԽΡ
ƼһΣٵһߣϯ͵һЩͺãôô
̫̫ݲͬգһһУϴų̫̫ݣ̫ˣЦ
Ƽ˵ţһԺ챦ʯ׹ϯĶϣϻ̫̫ճףЩɫϲЩϰ˼Ҳϲ
ϯ緹Ҷˣ֪ôЦأҶҪû߳ϧˡ
˭Ц̫̫һӵڶգǲģ̫̫ĵڶգ׶ٵˣǸûһ
̫̫ͷĺˣϰ˿ǰͲ첹緹ء
ڰ첹Ȼϲ˯ϲ˯ȻŬϰӣϰ˰Ͳء
ϯնʱһƬ
ʱĺˣһ̷˽
ҺϯһÿٷˣйصģҵķʳϯҵĶ࣬Ҳࡣ
ϯǳ̫̫쵽Ĳһأʳ֣ʳ׷С
ˮģɹһЩĳʳѣҩŵȣҲй涨
ǲԣһЩeʳ͵ԼȥӲͣȻȴ˼ң涨ʳֻ࣬١
ϯպ˰ˡ
뿴һϵķˣϲԵʳѾԸȾдһŵȥպ󣬳ÿͶһ㰮ԵĲ͹ҪʲôˣҲѾǰһȥ˵֮Ժļң㲻ίϱ
һ仰°ϯĻġ


702 4

ϯЦӦǣָϣôˣҪҪһԵ
ţԵ
£Ⱦæһָ꣬ʢһ
˰֣Ƕȥɡ
ǡ
Ѿߣš
۵ĳŷ˭Ҳû˵ֱϯԱˣ¿ӣŰѻʣСƵһȥ
Աˣһʵ
ϯЦЦĵͷˡ
ǺãһЩ˼顣
ʲô飿
ܺģһϲϵġ
ʲô

ϯﱻԸĨ׳˼£Ȼǡ
ôˣ
СѾͷͷԼڱʮˬᣬ§Сϱ΢΢һСϱſϡ
ǲǺܺ棬ǲǺϲ۵Ķ˼ң⡣
ϯﶼˡ
Сȭͷͳϴ˼¡
Ҳû͸|ĦƵģֱߺߣ˵ϱఴ£ϱ|Ħ̫ˡ
ϯģȭͷˣſ죬ҧһڣ۸ҡ
ӣĲˣΪ۸㣬ôӣ
Ǵ졣Ҫ£Ͳܵȵڣ
ϱ̫ɰˣΪƲס
ãϯĴˡ
ϯյĵһۣȻ˯ˡ
ƵЦô죬Һϲ㡣
ϯӵŭʱΪУ۵ıš
Ǳڵˣһϯﾹ˯ˡ
ԺУϯǱѵġ
ˣò׿˻磬ζͣˣⲻСϱڻСϱζִˡ
ϯﱻѣֱκ󣬶Ѿ賿ˡ
ڶîʱϯһߴǷһżѾ̺îʱУãϯﻹһû񣬹Ƿ
ϰ˿ǽһۡ
ǹˣϯӣϰһ֪һԼĶ۸ϯ۸̫ˡ
ϰ˵ҪȥӰڲߣҲò̺򡣡
ôУҵһ밲ôҲ̺÷С˵ţϯ죬һǷ
ϰ˰ôһ밲ͲҵĻ
ûðɣǶϱȸˡ


703 5

ϯ񣬾ȥӰڡ
ûһѾ߾ϰ˵ϯ˯ˡ
裬ɸСѾȥүл˵ϰ˷Ը
ԥһ£˵ϰˣү̫̫ãͶ˼ΣүҲͷһմŮ˷ܾûȥȹȥˣүͲˡ
ϰԣͰ̾һҲǹң˰ˣж︣Сڵ£һǲֵĺá
ϰӢ
̫̫Уϰ˾ĳ趨ʡﲻϰ˴ϰ˲տҲĳ趨ʡ
ֻжŮɹţĹϰ밲
ϰ˸ү̧ҲϰѡģЩҲûϰ˵걧үһŮүӣͳԹĶ
үھǣߵļ£Ҳһֱǹڴ
ֻǣ̫̫ӡȥ˾Ǻ󣬲ƹ˼£Թ֮﷣˳үӳŮϡ
Ҫǳүļʱͱӡϸˡ
үӡݲ¹ˣ͹˺ݳǣܿӡϡ
ϰѡˣϰϲ
Щһֱڳүչ˳үΪүӣûйͣҲпͣŮ̵ĺܺãֶ£ˣϰ˶ԹǶ࿴ؼ֡
ųó歹밲ϰ˾ͽ£̺緹
̺ϰ緹Թ˵ĪҺͿء
ܸм
ϰ˶ϯ۰࣬ϯҲʮѺãϯһȥϰ˵СΪϯ緹
ϰ˷ԸСģȺţˣ͸Ͻ԰ɣˣȥϰˡ
ЦĺᣬҲģź
㣬˫۾ʮ峺ر쵰Сͣžʮϲ
ֱ̫̫ӵˡ
ڵ˵ĵˣѡ
ϯһϲˣá
극һϰˣϯųóȥϯ
ЦӦãǸʶȤˣ˼ķӸ»飬ɲȥۣӡ


704 1

ϰЦˣշһȥеǻᣬʱɲˣҪٲ̣Ҫˣ㰢͸żˡ
ջϯŵӡ
ϰ˱ŵ̳վƣģϺõĲҶǡҪһͷͷ֣ԴĶͷϣһ졣
ͷйصġ
ܳ裬Ͼŷ͵ͷͻͷϺ죬ʾҶ⡣
пϾ֮żҾͻһֻûͷûԴҲͷŮңͬһ˻ظŮҡ
һͷͻô¡
ϯϰ˸ˣҪϧӣˡ
ϰָŶӣЦԳ㿴Сӣҿһ̶벻ϱ
ү̫̫ϰϸӡ
ţҾһˡϰ˸ˣЦ۾Գϯڰ֣ˣҲˣٵȥĸˡ
ϯﱻȤһ߾ų룬ӡ
ϯ˳һۣ㣬ұЦ
ϲ㣬ͷء벻ҪҪƤĵһ˵棬ӲǣϯС֣ϧӡ
ϧӵ֣ǳȡġ
ǰһֱסǰԺϯﶨº󣬳ϰ˾ʹԺһԺӣһ£ס
Ժԭнܺʫ֣ƫƫϲϧ֡
ϿϧӡܿжϡСϱ
̫̫λү׼ˣϡϯһݣȾ
ţˡϯЦŵͷֵƼһţȾⷿ
ǣ̫̫
ĸѾǷǷӦ
ϯݣ˫׺Ŵ廨Ьͺͳˡ


ϯϯ蹵֪ջֵ緹վڴſڣ쳤ӳӿ
Ҫ˵ȥҽӰ㣬ֵҪͲסҪȥҽˡ
ֵ܂z˴죬ڿ˳ҵ
ˡ蹸ˣֱȥ
ϯں׷İܻˤˣܣСĽ¡


705 2

ϣ§ڻϯϯæƿ
һǰһϯԸСӣͣ£ð蹰
Ѿܵ˸ǰЦĺģ㣬ˡϯĳ룬ֺĺ򡣡
ԭ˵ʱãЦǺǵĵĵģͰЩ
лл򡣡
С蹺ĵлͱС
׷ϯҲԹԵĺ򡣡ȻԾ
ڰ棬ϯĿ´㣬ڿڳûί
ϯЦҺܺãǲõģ˶Ǻġ
ϯջߣȻлл࣬Сǵ书нչѳԽˣСŹУȻûʮУҾˡ
ڳѵˣϯǳݡ
ҪӹܲˣýҲŪȥѵ¡
ЩӣǼȥҳһ֮ڣ֤һΪֻ
ܺõĸСӱ֤
ϯ۾Сǵ书ѧ𣿡
ţܣһѵʽ̫࣬ӹǽǿǿһóһԽ̵¡
ϯ츳£㹻ϯѳһ书ѧȫˡ
ʲô磬ҪϯԼ
һҲܸϳһ
ϯԣ˷ܵĿˣһŬ䣬ǿ壬ȡһȥҳһ
򣬻أҲҪһϰ䡣ϯ蹲ʱԣ۰Ͱ͵ĶŽҪο
ЦһຩȵСԴҪǲ¿࣬ھͿȥҳһóһʱûʲô£пս书
ǡ𣿡
ԣóһˡ
밮ݼڣСӣҲ׵ܵһ۰
СӵҪҪӦ
ϧóҰһԽ̵Сӵ书óԴѵ˼̺ĸūš
ϯҴţһ³ϯͿ˳ӭǵϯͬϡ
ϯ߹ȥǵϵ֣ϴòã
ҺܺãϰҲҵŮ۰ĺˣ˶Ǻġֻ˳


706 3

ȻϯǳĳϯﲻϲҲȥһƽϣ˳
ֻҪﲻҲȥԳ
Ǿͺã⼸գ㰢û˯þ͵ȥ˳ңᱻῴȥϾϯҵļ̫
Ů߼ޣŮᱻżƲ
ϯЦǺǵ˵ϰ˻ǰһһңɩҲǸƵģˣɩˣҳ׵ȷģ˫ϲţϰ˺̫үأϰ˻Գ˵ǸǣɩδУҽŵһ죬ͻˣ˵Ҵ˸ҡ
ϰ˶Գ˵⻰ʱҲڣ緹ʱ͸ˡ
ϯͷúЦȴҲмϰ˵ࡣ
ǰ̫̫ûϣǳү岻ã˵ǸŮ˻Уڣүˣ̫̫ܻϣҲˮɣ˳Ȼ¡
ǳүŬĽɲ¡
ϰ˷Ҫѳ̫̫ĻУͷϣ˵ǸǣҲ˼³ҵūǿͣЩ۵ūŻῴ
ϰΪء
ϾŮֱ˵ԺҪúТϰˡ
ǵȻġ
ǰϰ˾ദĸĸŮ㣬ģҲһϰദĺܺá
úТ˼ңǰǷģϽģһӱãТ
ϯţҲǳĿڵӡ
Ƥͺĸٺһ飬Ҳѭ
ϯͬϻǺܸ˵İѼ˳롣
ϯͬһ̨ϸһ壬ﶼǶأҲϯͬõĳ
ϯϯ蹺˽Ҳһ˵õһݼ
ϯΪ˱ķıԺݳıīķı涼ı־ϯʶ
ϯ蹾ϲķıģɹ˰ɣһͬõıʾģһ֧ʣʮء
һķıֵ϶ϰӣ
ЦţСӵգ¿ûһҾÿһķı
ģĪң
򣬻˵
ϯ蹶ʱ˷ˣһŬţ㱸ķıҿţ͸
蹣ҪţҲ㡣ϯϲܣҲˡ
֪벻ǰݼڶѡ
ҪǄeĺӣûйȥ塣


707 4

̫̫ʤĴүʹˡһ˺֮ʱĲ߽
һ㶣ôˣ
ϯͬһ۳󣬷ԸĲǽɡ
ǰŵӣϯʱӦϯͳġ
ϯͬܲµ£ϯҲµˡ
ϯﲻԸϯСϣҺͰȥСԷЪϢ
ţȥɣԷʱѾȥǡϵ
á
ϯų룬ȥСԷ
ûãϯСϾͱѾţ˼ֻϯͬϣδϯӣ϶ʱЩʧ
СεĺãܿЦϯͬ񣬵ϯü޳ȥˣ尢϶᲻ãźͷ̽尢ú㰢尢˵˵
ŵģϣˣ˵糿³Ŵ׸̶֣尢ǳòóԡ
·δϺϯͬϵ䵭㣬СϻԸĲȥȡֻӹװġ
ĲϣϵͷĲǷūȥá
ĲȥС۾ĴɨһȦ״ʵǰûŵӰɣôûú÷أ
һ·ˣȥЪϢˡϲŮŮӦӡ
СЦݽ˽ҲԶϯǹܿǡ
ƲƲ죬˵»ޣۡ
ֵˣҺ㰢᲻ãŮҳˣһ춼Ҫ˵ģ߻аͰڣţҲ̤ʵ
˼ǣжţֶֶϱá
СϵЦʱάֲȥˣֲҷڵϯҶɲǰϯҶǴѹ
ϯյҪϸֺöû뵽˼ҾȻ飬ɫ
ޡ
ҪǶ˳ңֺһô
ϯҳĵճӡ
ϯͬһ壬ȻҲҸɫΪ̱ˣʲôҲ˵ڡ
ȻһТ֮ܴѹϯͬվֱ
ϧʹﲻϯҲұ¶΢ЦţûϵĻл㣬壬˵ҵС㶨ˣǲİ
ϯͬ￩һ£ʱûе£ǴĶģ


708 5

˵ϯҺ֮ȷʵһԼֻԼǶףȥǶףպ²ɣҪҾС
پǣʱ򴫳ҥ˻룿
ϯ涼ڴ˵ˣһΪġ
˵ϯһӣôܻѵճС㶨Ϊޡ
ϯҵүûû䣬òû֮ǰҲȢҵĵճС㡣
ϯʲôϯһӶѡ
ȢҵճС㣬ֱǰΡ
ѽôǼٵģСһС֣壬¼ȻǼٵģôʹĸһҪǱ֪ˣָͻϯҪʲôֶǿȢҵĵСء
񣬹ƲϺüۣڻҥϴȥģҪ˼Сøϱ
϶ʱˣүȥô¡
𼱣ȥ캣ֵȥ濴ϯͬοȻͼҴҳȥˡ
ϯ׷ȥ壬Һһȥ
ϱסϯ壬ϯ£ɻûڣϯûӰˡ
СϵҲż˭Ҳ˳ۣ⴫ģ˭֪Ǽҵİӹǲðݳǣ΢е˼ң˭ܰѵճСǼҰֲǡɵϸыD
Ǿ仰Сϼʱɲݺʻ˶
û˵ȴ֪δڵĻɫһ䣬ҼϯõúܣҲ˵ˣҪûʲô£ȻȥɣԺû£ҲҶʹ󷿵Ĺϵһֱô
һĶԹɲܹҰҿǳĳҪ㽻õģҡ
ˣֶϱʱˣҲûȥˣһҪȥ˱ôˣûйд㡣
ϲСϣԸĲСͳϯҴš
ͬʱϻԸĺɣϯһϳȥ
ȴﱻ˸ϳȥ
ԭϯϳô˭֪˼ҾȻܶһֺðͽĻûü˵
ҿСҲһֵԺ㣬ͱԶˣһմϣ˦˦극Ͼϯȥ˹ԷĸŮ˵强


709 ̫ҽ1

СϺϯǣӳ̵ôˣ¿ɲһˣܲҵȥ
ˣǳ롣
Ҫңȥҳ룬ɲһ˵һǳԣҲҧһ⡣
û£ɡ
ϯ׳ϯҴ󷿣ǾҪϣûпɹ֮ء
ͺáϷĵ
֮Ͼ˵ҥ
ϯü֪µ˲࣬Ǻҵ⣬Ҳͱż֪ôʹȥˣ
ңǸ˰汾ٴȥġ
⴫ҥԵˣʲôĿġ
ǣʵԷ̵ܴʲôô
㰢ѾȥˡùŮ׼ҦǹӣŵŮֱߡ
ϯץһѣһྣһߵֻҪĻĿģ¶ͷġ
Ҿǵģ˻ΪҥǼҹ⴫ȥġץ˼Ůһྡ
ϰ˺̫̫ɲǺͿˣҥԣǼҿûô
ţҲԡ
ϵģ΢΢¡
ϯ˻س̵
῿˻ҥԸȻʵ룬ҥԣ˵ǲ˹⴫ģ
ţпܡ
Ǻݳһ˼ңүһֵүϴ󣬵ճܵܶ˵ʮַʢŮʮ
̫̫һ˾Ů˸ӣȫǵճ
ҵһãȫĶ
Ҳˣ̫̫ҵĵλʮָߣϰ˵ĿأҵӣϰҲľͽ̫̫
̫̫ӺŮѳףʣµŮŮżңֻСŮСɵ廹ûס
ݳ֪ģҶүүþ͵ЩүһŮŮ
̫̫޽Ҷ꣬Ҳһӣ֮󣬶û
үĸŮһӣŮһǳ̫̫Ķ
̫̫һһŮ󣬶Ҳû˶
õ·ȫ̫̫һ˵Ķϡ
Ůḻ̫үĿأˣҶһֱѹġ
Խã˾ͻԽ


710 ̫ҽ2

ǰЩӣҵõһϢݵҶүǸǰͷ꣬ȢңֻүݳĻӣʮ˵ԺСѾߣůѾͷùˣ˭ҸҰŮ޸
ȥǰ̫үȥңʱ̫ҽ⣬δڼңԪ̫֮үٴθҵ˰ֻǲɣ̫ҽٰһ˼ȥ̫үٴ߿ա
գ̫үΰݷҡ
һΣ̫үԸ̫ҽ̫ҽҽ塣
̫ҽûֻܾǣҺ̫ҽС㣬ĵ׾ͷ
̫ҽ֮ȷ嵱ʱײԴԴѪסӣŻʹӺͿɵӡ
ֻҪѪȥŻָ
ѪҲôҪģԴ룬һʼÿһΣºһΡ
һº󣬰һΡ
һֱѪȫɾΪֹ
Ҫһʱ䣬̫ҽ̫ҽס÷β
̫ҽȴȥβҽΪ׼ҡ
ҵŮ
屻̫ҽˣϯ;Ŀų룬ôûң¸ҥʲôϵ
ݣҲǴ˼ңο̫ҽһвڳ͢Ϊ٣ҵմҲǳ͢Ʒٶ˵أ
ϯգգۣð죬Ȼĵ̫̫̫̫ź£ԲŹ⴫ҥԣ˵˰ĻҲͲҪˡ
С̫̫ŮճС㣬үԣ۳СҶүңǸ߼ޡ
¶С˵Ƕõģ̫̫޳ȥŮ£ûôá
Ҳѹ֣̫̫ʹֶΪԼŮȡˡ˽ȥϯ̾п
빴̫̫һƣǶϯкô洫ķзҲԸ⣬ҲðСΪޣҲ˼С
¶Ҳãҹζࡣ˭֪պֻᷢʲô顣
ϯˣϯܿãҲϣճɾ


711 ϯ1

˳ϯͳȥãϰ˱һ
ϰοһ·ҲˣʲôȥЪϢ
ֵҪǶˣȥȡҹѾ֪ͨǱ߸Ǳҹ
лǾȥˡ
ϰϯͳˡ
ߺ󣬳͸п̫̫װϰˣʲô£
ϰЦˣ۹⣬϶ǿˣ϶ϱţʱû˵һҰͰ͵ȥʣ֪ӻˡ
̫̫ǸģЩҥɲһҲϰ
ţǸ֪ͼģǸùȻô״ӦȢ
ϯɲ֪豳Ϊ˵û
ϧӺ󣬾ͱϣݺһ٣ͶˣյϯҪȭͷ
ͲܵһȣһҪҹأ׳ôˣϯŭϣҧһڡ
ƵЦˡ
ԣȣҳȥҹһ˿졣СѾͷգĵ
ϯߺߣͷ
ȥˣƬֻ̺ˡ
ҷԸѾ߱ˮȥ|ԡٳҹ
滹һԡýҵһĽɣѾ̧ˮȥֱ߶žС
ϯͷҪͱһѱԣұȥ
Ѿ߿˲áϯߺ
ŲЩŽޣԡ
棬һֻԡͰȣƮһ޺Ķž黨꣬ƣʵ£|޶|
ϯһϴԡо棬˻ˮܰƤϴˣ
ԣ֪ˡ
֣СѾͷѽ⿪һߡ
ʱϯı뱧ţ߳ԡʵ쵰´˲й
ղ㲻ǺܸôһĿźҪ
ˣȴˡ
Ůģ룬Ȼ˵û
ѣͷˣĿ
ϯ죬㲻Ҫ쵰˵ֻղ˭˾Ͳ˵ģҵڻأûŪϣ㲻ϴ˯޺ˡ
ϯܻĴ˼¡


712 ϯ2

ִ˯
ôУ
޲һҲ뿪СϱСϱȴִ˯ûš
һʱúúãҴˣ´ע⣬ִܷ˯Ȼͱµ˴
ڳ뾯в֮£ϯ˵Ĵˡ
ûãƼţ˵ҹ
뽫ϯϣԼȥҹ
㹽ڶģ⻹ˬɿڵ嵭СˣһըԴĻʡ
˶˴ʱˣ˿Ҳöˣ뽫Сϯǰ԰ɣˣѣȥԺߣʳ
š
ϯļ䣬ۡ
˵ʵܺã̫ܳһЩǷ̫һЩ⼸գ
㣬ʲôá
Ҳãֻǡܻ͸á
ʲôأô죿
һֱĳ룬Сϱһһüۼ仹¶һ˿ɬһɫĻ档
ϲСϱСϱߣһڣΪղǲ뵽Ļ棿
һˮ㡭
ϱһûأ㿴͸ɸɾģһˮҲûСίİʹչȥ
ϯһѣ߳ŭ˭Ҫˣûˮûкˣԣ˵Ҫȥɢʳô
Ǻǡ
Сϱֽģʵ̫ɰˡ
ϲһεӡ
ӳҹ󣬳ǣСϱȥԺ˼Ȧ
ϣ͵ưʵģû˿ϯͺףҲû˿ϯĲϣǺɫĲݮӡ
ϯԼˡ
ֱڶ𴲣ھǰΪᷢʱϯڿԼԭװƯϸϣһһӡӡ
ϯնʱͨͨ죬̹̣ȻԸƼһ߲ȹѲϵӡӣڵʵʵ
ãϰ밲ʱϯﻹǾһڣ»ᱻϰ˿ʲô
㰢ˣ
ϰ˳緹ϰ˾ҥ
ϯ¶ҥԣȫš
˭ôӣûӰӵ£ҴСҥԣ޷粻ˣϰ˿ɲȫҥԡ
ϯ̾һֻǲˣϯ֮Լϰˡ


713 ϯ3

ȻֽĲ²⣬һ˵ˡ
ϰˣЦǺǵĵҾ˵޷粻ˣԭ㰢ܵ£Ҳȫҥԡ
㰢ܵ壬ȫˣ
ҲûȫãѾٲһЩܴﵽͨ˵ʡ
ϯﲻҷϰˣʲô˵ʲôһҲϰˡ
ϰ˵ͷԺʲôܰæģ㾡ܸ˵ҪǸҲ㣬Ҿʹ
ллʶ뿪ʼһֱǰͰڰңҺܸмҲܸмûͰİҼһǸһֱϯҴѹƵ̧ͷϯҶ
ɵӣǰСæǳ˵ѣһǶԳҵĴ
ûϯˡ
ȥˣһô
ֻô
ԣϯﲻǾģ˰ҡ
ҪסڣҿɶһˡϰĶϱ֣ĵ
ʱһ׼ʱСϱ
ϰָЦСӣһܳϱɣʱ绹ء
ļױˣѾǻȥ㱨Ŷˣϧӻûӣ㿴Ķһȥʣ
ϰӣңϺͿˣô飬ҾȻˡ
ǰסǰԺõй£ڰᵽԺסˣй½ϯͷֻĸѾߣûӡ
ϧȱһӡ
ϰ˵˰ŹȥҲģͰߵðɡ
ȥ÷޵ʱҲһۣպ󰢷ĿⷿɶҪôߵ
ϰЦСӣϱˣͰ˽нһͰȥϧӡ
ϰ˰˽˵Ҫȥϧӵ
һ£ȻͷӦãЦ⣬ϯպūҪ̫̫չˡ
˵ﻰԺϧӻ϶ĴʲôҪҲܸҿڣֻҪܰõҶ졣
ϯˣҲ࣬ϰ˸ģҲġ
ϯͳ⣬Ͱ˴ȥˡ
Ȼϯټϧˣ˳ȥ֮ϧӵķͽƹܡ


714 ϯ4

ŵĵ죬Ͼ˸ϯϢ˵ȥϯң³һգϯҵȥң̸ϯĻ¡
ϯĻǴ£ϾŮŮһȥң¡
ϯͳ뵱Ȼͬ⡣
³ϯͳ緹ϰ˱һȥҡ
ңϯ֪ԭǰգСү£Ѿˡ
ˣҲˣڽľ·ݡ
壬Ҳ̫ҽȥң̫ҽβ
˵ĵϢȻҼ¾ҪɵһӲɡ
ɵҲҪһΣԣκãϯҲܸˣ壬ôΡ
ϯЦκþͺãˣҷ㲻
һҪҲ˻ŵȭͷװһɷӡ
ϯЦӣˣǵñܲɡ
ߣңܣᡣ
͡
ϯЦȢĲһֻСãһֻɷĸϻء
˵˭ĸϻ˹ȥȥϯһӣһ죬ߣҪΪҲ֪үԴӼ˳赽ȥˣɱĸϻء
ԺҲûˣֳһš
ֱѾ˵ϯҵˣϯֹͣڡ
ϯҰˣȹȥˣϢ
Ϊ˵׵С㣬¶棬ֻܽԼϢ
˴ãϯϺϯͬѾˣĻϯͺݳýˡ
ýЦǺǵĵϯҴүѵһӣòľСһ𣬿νһԵһ˫䡣
ýһڣͰϯȿһ٣Ȼ˵ûȰһ˿乻ˣˣýž˰ϯĸ˳
֮Ϻ̫̫ýȥ˴ϵݣϰ֡
ȻĺϳһԵ
̫̫£͸ˡ
λ̫̫ýŻ̸¡
ϯҼҾУϯòƸֻŵǧӵƸ񣬻õ֮ҡ
ǧƸ˵㣬ˣҲֻˡ


715 ϯ5

̫ү˰֣ͲȥƽϯƸٵˡ
ܲ˼ϯҵóƸȢҵСɡ
ϯԸ⣬Ҳͬ⡣
ҵˣպ󣬾ȥϯң簡
ϯͬһǵͨ죬׬ӣƸҿ϶һʡ
ϯҲһ汣֤ҲŬ׬ӣСƸ񡣡
̫̫͵㻹С׬Ӳȥ㻹Ŭ飬ȡһտϹþŷҲá
ϯǹӦá
˶ʱϯĿ࿴̫үҲϲˣϯһ˵֣Сӣ㣬һҪŬҪʧ
ǣһŬʧþСʧ
ϯĵ
ʱ˵СȢϱΪҲƸһʣϱ˵Ӻʣ
ˣҳǰѹ˳Һϣ꣬ŻᷭǸðЩƸô˵ϯҲί˾СõöƸ񣬾ҲõöƸ񡣡
ϯ˵ĺȴϯͬסˡ
ϯͬȵĶôӣ
û߰ôȥڣҽ˰һӣڼʥһӵĶעӮ˲ӡ
˰ı⣬ҵʱӮһһӲ˳Һȥ궬£ͷǱӣһֱδһֱڳҺŵ׬ˣȢϱء
ϯͬ϶𾪴ˡ
ǵĹԹŮȻǣȥĲ
ԣܳףǲóûӡϯ΢Ц
ǾϲѾͷһС㣬ôȥʲôע
ҪһˣһӵծǼô
ȥģҿû¶棬ƼȥµעȻҵʱųӮȻҲſװһ׬ӡ
ϯ֮ͬɫˡ
ǰû£㰢Ȣϱӣȥġ
ϯﰲοϯҵĶͰ蹶ٲ㣬ɲ˵й׼ҶЦˡ
ֵҵʱҲͶȡɣ׬һӶѣɲ簢б£ƾ汾һˡ


716 ϯ6

ǰ׼ҹĪҪԷƱүЦǺǵĵ
֪ϯҵӲȻмӷڳҺϣҵ˶¾͸ˡ
̸׺ϯ˳緹
ϯѰһգȥ
εĲӶ콩Ӳˣһˣеʵôˣ̸׵û
ķģ̸ˡ
ҰûΪϯֽʡ
ϯҡͷ㰢԰Ĳˣ㰢һֱϯء
Ǿͺã㶼֪һϢǵ඼Ŀ
ϯԺľ
ϯͰѹ̸ϸϸ˵һ顣
˺󣬾Ƹ٣ҶνҲίʱҵļױѹӿ϶٣ҺͰʲôһҲԲꡣ
ϯԣЦֵһţûôɵĹ˭ײϣܶԼƸԼϺÿ
ʱɹƸ񣬱˿û٣ᶪϯҵ棬ҺҲһ𶪡
ߺߣǶڵĶϯˣֻҪ˺ãƸʲôϵ˵ˣ˳Цвٿ⡣
ˣɵһɵͷ꣬
ϯﲻƸˣҪͳȥ̤飬ȥȥ
ȥһ뵽˼»С۵ȥ̤࣬ôһ۵ģñү˺ѽ
ҡͷҲȥҺҰһȥҰҲȥׯ̤ࡣ
ǺðɣҪһģһȥ
ϯܳ𣿡ﻹЩϯ塣
ϯЦЦ죬ݳѾůˣûġ
۾͵ɵıϹŵ̫Ҫ
ϯҳ緹ҪʱߵСѾߣ͵͵һױŸϯ
ϯձ죬һķɿ죬±˷֣͵͵Ųػ
Ȼصϯ̵Ĵţͼȥ̤࣬˺ĸһȥ
ϯ룬ûҴӦȥϡ
϶ʱЦѾͷԸǺˬĽҲ㣬Ҳ㱻̫̫ȥ
˵ҵȥǲȥϯ
ȥ棬һ䡣


717 ̤1

ǣĸڸǰֵӣҴӦ
˵ȥҾѾ߸ĸȥţҲһȥܲһȥɺͳ
ϯ˼ЦˣӶлȫ
ȥУҲܵ飬Ҫµĳŵ
֪ӻᾡΪˣȻͲ
ϯĸ̸̤ʱϯͳҲ¡
ϯͳȥׯ̤ȴҪȥɽϵׯ԰档
˵ڣׯ԰Ĺ˻ԶŵζζŨƱӡ
ǻȥһһơ
ϱһ̳һƣϧӵĹ棬ȹʮʮ꣬ȡô
УڣϪˮСҲʣܺóԣȥɽԣСӸǴֻҰųԣȥׯ԰ͻͲݺ档
ðɣ˵ô࣬ʵϯȥׯ԰ȻϯһڸָĻԡС
һƣ㣬ԿҰǶѾСǵĻ
ϯĻƴڡ
ϯڳƴˡ
ֱϯܲˣźҪɽһЩҲһЩҲϯµ
һգϯֱڵֱ˯磬۾Ų۵塣
̫̫СɽˣļҵĶӡ
ϯϴãûԷǰ
ϯһ㶣˵˱Ժȥׯ԰
ׯ԰ǳϰ˵ޣԺǳҵĲҵׯӰһмȴһټĹ԰
ɽڵĻ˵һʼСǴĶȥׯ԰Ҳ֪ʲô飬˻ûׯ԰
Ǿȥүʰʰ׼ɽ
ϯﲻ뿴ŮˣرһԳ뻹֮ġ
Ƕߵׯ԰ſڣĵԺҲ֪ǳ˭ġ
ϯǸСˣû󷽵֪߲ƣҪҪ󷽵ĸṩᡣ
鷳ǲҪմϣԶһЩĺá
ܿͻˡ
֪ϯҪ˵ɺ󣬳üѾʾļΪĶѰһżңļǱӦãȴҵĻ¡
д󰢽ļңļҵ˸Ͳҡϯ


718 ̤2

ȥļңǾļҵĶϱ
ļ̫̫ôĥϱôĥϱֻҪ̫Ҳ˵ʲô
Ҳȥļҵļ¡
ԣгڣļ޿֡
ļҲҡ
˵Υ̰óвҪôҲ
Ⱦܼ޸㣬Ȣ˳ҵŮܵõĺôҪĶ࣬󰢽ȻȥļңĻڳңųҵģȻΪ˸ļҺôΪѳңȾĲһ޸㣬ļҾңԽǿĿɽԽǼ̣ǷѾ˼Ҳӳ̺ôҡ
ļҿ϶ǾãŻİʾȾӽ㡣
ȾĳɹˣļҵĺôɾͲһ㡣
ȾĲɹ³Ҳһ˼ңˣһˡ
֮ȾĳɹļҶʧʲô
ǣ֪ȾĲ⣬ǰĳģ̫
ߣǣСϱ뿪˱Ժ
ӱԺſڳȥģȺڴſڵĳȾļˣˣæסһӣʵүҪȥ
ӵȥū֪ӲͻصС㣬㻹ҪҪȥūǶɨԺˡ
·v澣Ҫ翪ţܵȵ𣿡ܻǰӼš
ȾסһˣϯﶼˣڴūҲ޼¡
˺ߣһڣĶķϣСūţ´ٸҷܱС㣬СͽƤ
ˣǽȥɡȾųԺߣﻹ˵ˣϯ죬ôɽģͳĸ϶ȥĶˣֻҪǾͺá
ȾĲ룬±˷ʲôԳʲô˼͹ϯһͳɽ̤ǱϯĴ
ȾĶʲôϯﶼ֪˿̣ò׺˳ȥɽµׯסء
ǺǣȾǼ٣ʵȥׯ档
ϯڶ̤ׯĶڷָԺֵһƬ|ݮ˵룬㿴ˣٹ£ܳϲݮˡ


719 ̤3

ԺԭһֻĻԣĻ˰ˣ˲ݮݮزԶԭĿյϣʱҲһ٣ܱߴһ򵥵ľӡ
棬Ρ
һԣһȣȵм仹һͤƬݮأϯų룬ɢУЪϢͤƬ̴̵Ĳݮء
һĿޱСϱ˼ҵС㣬ͻ㣬ȴͲ˵أͲݮأϵءǰ϶ĴóɣȻôôũֲֹϣ
ϯֿ죬Цһ𣬡ʲô͵ģȥһ̺죬ÿǺÿ̫ޣҲϲϲֲˣȥˮʩʣ׽棬ԼͺŬһһİ̺һڴḶֳ́Ĳˣ͵İǰҲζޱȣƽмĲˣԵʱζͬĸо
Ȼûֹ˵ĳ룬ǲָоġ
ֻΪСϱǴСֲϰˣ䲻ˣ϶еĻţǺ޿ħڻȥ󣬾ȻԸӣϧһ黨󻨲ݶιˣרſճСϱֲֲݮԡ
˵ϧкü黨ԣʲôǾʲôҪǵطǾȥ԰һس֡
ϯǺǵЦ԰ɲУҲϯңϯССģں԰ֲˣҲû˻ЦǴŴ˼ңں԰ֲˣñЦ
˵ˣں԰ֲˣϲѵһΪº϶ɣ
ϲֲˣҲûֲɵĵز
룬͵ұԺĺ԰㴦á
ϯͿɵľ¾׵ıԺЦĸһ꾫Ƶģţ˵ģʱҰıԺŪһͿɲҡ
˵ˣ㴦ãҾ͵ųֵĲˡ
̧֣Сϱ۽Ǵһǳ֮飬ϯﱻůůģĵء
ׯȣţ죬Ҹۡ
Ⱦɽϵׯ쳤ӣֵȣһֱȵ̫ɽҲûȵϯӻȥϢ
ڣȾĵȲסˣԸߵӣ˲ӣڴһɨصӿе֪ϯȥɽһׯס


720 ̤4

ʲôʱڷɽҲׯӣȾĵ֪Ϣá
ӵӣҪūȥ
ţһЩϣһҪˡȾĺòѰܽӽ룬ʹ˴
ǣūȸˡ
ȥ
ȾЩȥҳϢ֪ڷɽׯӣ
ûаܿ϶еĻҲ֪ܲɽ㰢ÿ궼ϼأϽҲׯӣ̲ܹŶɣ
üȥʡ
飬򵥴ֱֱӻׯϵĹ£ֱʳڡ
ǳҶС㣬ҲضС㣬ǲǳҵׯӣ˵̫̫ׯӡ
ôܣﲻŵĵɴ۾ƾСv˵ңôɽׯӣ
ɽһƬׯӣǺݳõׯӣˮﺵط֣ׯռҲһǧĶأСׯӶӡ
ϯССģôõóôׯӣ
õóϯҲɵĶóСvðױɣ
ϯ˲ûˣ
˼룬ׯ⣬ɣׯӵİ͵͵Сv˵ġ
ô죬ǻҪȥİǰôȾԥԥʵҿҪǻ˰ɣ
ĺߵôˣ̫ˣɽȥѰǣСv˰İԵߵԼʲôˣҪǲȥһİ壬Сv˼ȥٹãֻҶҪаԵ
Ⱦﻶϲȴԥֻǵͳĸϵֽˣʱϯݲ㣬ߡ
ʲôǻôɸֵĿ㳤ôÿҾͲİϹӣῴ
վ߹һҵˣ¡
ֲǸޣǸ檣ҲûϵǺݳǣŮ˶޸檵˲֪ж٣Ҳһ
ȾҪùģɲͬ⡣
˵ɲ˵˵ģǰ·պͲңҰˡ
һ룬һϯ˴һ


721 ̤5

ϯ˿֪Ů˻׷ᣬϸ׷ź
һտϯͱׯӣɽһӱɢ
ɽȥɽ
ϯȳ룬ɽ¡
վںӱߣһ̧ͷܿԶƵɽɽ
ͻȻվסһӵסСϱʣΪجˣŰҹȥȵң
ȻȻΪʲô
ϯĵ
ߺߣ֪һֱڻ£һֱûģҪŪ¡
ϣû©磬Ȼֻˣð֣
һգˣͷҲˣʵ顣
ڣ˵
룬СвǿԹòãʹˣԼ㣬ˣŻ㡣
ϯﱿ׾תƻ⡣
˵ʵĵЩʧ䣬ҲûСϱˡ
Ѱʳʱ򡣡
ϯţǣС֣Сӱߣ΢Ϸ磬ޱҸ
ڶգϯˡ
ӳʱ̫ϸˡ
ϯĵһۣ̫ڣˡ
Ҵˣ
һ죬ĳүϴ˵ãֻҪСϱһۣүһϣϴΪȡ
ȵ˺ӱߣ̫ɹĲã뵣Сϱװ۵ɹˣȥߵ;СӼţϹˣٹߡ
ǻСǵ㣿
ϯԼԣ飬ͣ˦˺ȻƼСľϣĵϹ
뻹§Сϱ˵˵Ķס
СϱߣҲǿݵȣɲϹ
£гӻϣҲŲȥϯƲƲ죬ת˸Գү
û취ֻ÷ԸٰһӣСϱһ翿Ϲ
˭֪ûȴɽǵĳȾĿˡ
ӱߣɲڷɽɽ·ڱϣҪ·ɽҪӱߡ
İ壬ûׯô
ϱһӵŭˣһĹʳ룬رĳ塣


722 ̤6

üԭˮһӱñ䣬һҹ㣬˳ѵ֪񣿡
ҲŲҪСvء
ĻĮɭ񣬶ŵ˵ڣȥԹԵ񣬺һİ壬İ
߹Ⱦģʱ۾ð⣬ĸ硭Ϊ뿪أû뵽ɽǵ𣿡
Ⱦ߹װһȤӣЦĸ磬Ҵûе㣬ܲһԣ
úõغСϱ̤棬ȻֻӬ˵Ľ˷ʤ
䣬Į룬㣬ȥĵضҺҼӲ뱻˴š
ĸ磬ҡ
ҳĸ磬Ķӣء
ȾĸտڣͱϣǱ·һѵ㣬̽Ⱦĵؿڡ
Ⱦѹһֱôеģôڲˣǲǳɩã
ҼҰ벻ϲʲô£ϯĵۡ
ûֻǣֻΪȾŵӲ˲ϯ۸㣬
ŭڵ򱧲ƽʲôҪ۸ӣˣͲ۸ģİ壬İô۸ӣͲôӿɶΪġ
˵һûӣſû仰ͰȾĸˡ
£͵͵˵ˣֶΣⶼУɾǲܵ˵
öû
ⲻȾ߾ͨ죬æ룬͵ҡҲǱģֻƣ͸͸˰ŽͨУġү˵ġ
ֱţӣʲô㲻˵ϲİ壬ô㵱˵ģôڲҰ˵ˣ
ҡҪ˵ʲôʱ˵Щˣġү㲻ҪᣬûֱԹ
ϯ͵ݸһԵСӣվ˳Ⱦ֮䣬Ķӣû˵ȴֹһε
ҷСǻҪҷܲܿ㡭ô궼ûп㣬ôԺδĺܶ꣬ҷҲɲῴ㣬İɣ
˵˲ϯרŴžžžȾ߷


723 1

㡭ϯ̫ˣҡҲǳ̤࣬ˣαҪͱˣ˵ô
Ⱦһ裬᲻ͣµ
ίĿų룬ϣΪ˵仰ѵϯһ٣Ȼϯϻسȥ
ҲԳûο룬Сˣġ
ϯǺǣˣиģһû˵أôö֮ҷҷǰɧѵһ˵һ䣿
ۡҲҪˣ̫̫ң̫۸ˣ㡭Ⱦؿ·һ㡣
ϯôԵİ棬ô۸ӣİĵޣ㲻ӦİȢͻݴô㡭ôݲ¶ӣǲ¶Ӽ޸İĳ谮
ϯ㷸֮߳ʼ֮㲻ͻݣ㲻İ壬㡭İ壬ѵȢһӣʲôõģСöʼɣֲͻݣŮˣ㻹ʲô
ɫ޲ðϯȥ
ɫǽһڡ
ҧгݵķԸƼˣĴѺȥϰˣ¸¾ͽȥӡҡ
ָŻװȾģԸҪŮˣͻļȥļ̫үҵ⣬պļұմȾһ㣬ļǽڸ۸Ҵ󰢽㣬ǾԿ
һΣ뷭ˡ
ˡ
ŭɡ
ȾŵöװޣҲˣСɷף
Ҳǵһμ뷢쭣һܵŭ
ȶ˻ʱѾ˷ɱسǵϣԻ˼׳ӿš

ίˡֻ蹷һߣ۵İϯӵ뻳кţѾͷһ˻֪ҹ¹ܵ󵨣֪ߵغ񡣡
Ѿ˼ǧȢСϱôųŶӲﵽãȻ棬·ϣСϱһ١
СϱǺöʼɣôˣ
СϱŻʼɣ̈́eŮһСϱûоҪޡ
û£˵ӣңֲһΣοĳһŸһȥƽϡ
ϯܴ󷽣ܺͻݵûƽϡ


724 2

һºϯҲûˣȥ鶼ûˣ޾ɵʰöׯӡ
ĬĬ˳Ⱦĸһʡ
֮󣬳Сϱʲôû飬ֻǰСϱسˡ
˳ңСϱȥãϰһϰ˾ģ˰Ѱͻ˵Ҫ¸¼ȥӡңô
ţѡһļվͺá
벢ûҪѳȥ£˵ļױһаճƣôð죬ôð졣
ģǾҲˡ
ϰ˶ʱȻ
һΣǴĵĵߣֻ׸ġ
ϰ˾Ϳϯ
ϯͷ۹۱ǣǹģʲôûʲôûƵģ·һ˰㡣
ϰ˶ʱ̾һҲãѾͷϲǣ޳ȥżҳȥ
һϱǣͻϧӡ
ûãҾʹϢĻڶʮʱ̫̫Ҳûˡ
ܽĻڣ·ݣѾûʣ¶ˡ
ǳܽãĻڲܶڳ֮ܽǰϰҲֻѡһӡ
ðѴŮ޳ȥˣ̫̫üϻغݳǣμСŮĻ¡

ϧӡ
ϯһŲݮ磬һ԰æˮƼС㣬ǸմׯڻĲݮӣô֣Ի
綼ˣôˣ֣
ϯ˲ϵĺҺܻֻҪϸ̺òվ̴̵ܴģֻǽѲݮҪϼա
Ҫݮ绻һѶݮͻյһδˣҪʱͷ
ϯѾСȥϯҵľׯȡ࣬Ǹ硣
һԹۿĳ룬ɫʱˡ
ڵԺӶǼζԺӻôס
ʱ˼ҪҪһԺס
С㣬ǼζôԷ˯ƼȰ̫̫eࡣ
үҪҪ˼࣬үӳӴ˲̤Ժӿô죿
ֲ˲÷ôУ˶󣬻רųӳݡϯֲо飬֪ô֣˲Ż᳤á
ƼĵģϯӲǡ
磬Сӻˣһļֱ࣬ӽϽϧӡ


725 3

ֵǣСļ࣬ȻһζûС
Ƽ̫̫ôģ⼦࣬ôûζ
ܳ𣿡
ף⼦ͷô
ƼΧȥȴһҲԸ⿿ֻԶۿ
ϯЦǴִɭˣȻûζζҼǰԺֲõĶǼϣǻó
ӣɫ֮ǰÿЩ۾ȴҲûϵļ࿴һۣԸСʹӣѼȥ
ȻǿӲСϱˡ
СϱԲݮһ㣬ԲСϱȥʩʡһ뵽Сϱװ۵ȥץ࣬ĶҪƲסСϱֿ
һûأʲôҡ
£оḻӽ֣Ϊ
롭
һҪǸȥץ࣬ҾͰ˫ֿˡ
ݺݵĵ
ϯˣŵòҳˡ
أŲץء
Ȼϲֲ׽棬ץֻɡ
ǰլɵġ
ֻҲǴʹӸɡ
ֲˣ׽׽棬ΰβݣҲϲԼֵĲԼŬ֮һöѣɲԼȥץࡣ
ֲˣҲеߵġ
ɲ⻰˵ڣץ֣ˮʹĴϴ
˺üӣˮû˰ʱ£⣬ϴһ飬ŷŹ
һٲҾ徵ڣϯʶصĽ񱣬ҲΪȥǿ黨ԣͷԸһֲ˵Ĵʹӣרչǿء
иջ
ûãƬݮĿСһɫСݮ׹һԴԲݮҶ£
ϯϲƬݮأÿȥǶһСÿӸݮ׽׽档
ÿ춼ᶢǼɫݮˮ
ÿγ뿴ε˵ˣȥǡѾĲݮ
ϯȴ˵һֵģҲ𡣡
ӣԼһִģҪۼ֣ͻȻģȻǷǸУҲûǷ顣
뻹˵ʲôȻӣСϱһ׽档


726 4

·ݣļͷڴϢ
ȾĶżңԷ⹫ҵһ磬ĸĶӣ˵Ǹ˲£ӣһ꣬һꡣ
žҪϯǾȣû뵽ļҾȻȾĶ¡
Ϊô˵ļҲͷ˼ңȾĻ̫̫ŮļΪϣһһõģôҲԭޡ
ԭ䣬ңҲһкӵġ
ͼһûӵˣͲ̫ˡ
˵ˣȾ˵ҲǺݳǳĲò˫ȫĲŮϲȾĵˣܴϽ֣ŵȥ˵ȾĶ̰־֮ǰļҵż챻ý˸ƽˡ
Ⱦļ޸һͷˣǾԿԵġ
ļңȴȾȥӣȾ̫̫Ҳô
Ƴϯ㣬ĵ̫̫˵ǰЩӣүļҵĹ˻ȥ˸ļҵĹ
ļҿĺܺӣǳҸĻ
үѹԴֱӸļжˣҲǰļӵƸˡ
ļһʼûţֻǱų飬˭֪ˣȴһҲᣬֻȥˡ
Ϊ£̫̫ûٴĥࡣ
±֪ˣֱȥѳ˻Ȼݺݴѹļҵ⡣
ļŻˣүļҴүԴǸ뱣֤ȾĲҳŵ̫̫ĥֹ࣬ͣ˶ļҵĴѹ
ƼƲƲ죬һļңҪǴ̸ļӣ´᲻úӣүһô̺͹ү벻ɡ
Ĳ̲סҪȥסͣϹ˵¿ɲ˵
˵ˣ
ү˼
⻰ֻһ룬ȴ˵ڡ
Ƽ˵ĵͷˡ
ľ˳ܽĻգүٰˣϰ˵˼үȥһ˾ǣв˻Сһױʱүȥ̫̫ǲҲøС㱸һױүȥ
³ҵĴٰۿڳ˵£ˣô£ԭҪԹȥʱҪæ£ûȥ˳үȥ
ܽףϯΪİȻҪױ
ȥ˿ⷿΣȥ˳ⷿ棬ƥϣֵһҡ


727 5

ϯѶ⼸ҸСױ˱ϻȥȻȥүŴȥǽС㡣
ǣ̫̫
Ѷһߣ˱ҳ
һõİɫƤӣ͸ϯٰģҿŶոһ멲˹
ʵãö֮˼ҳүƤӡ
үСһֱĸ۸ˣҲȥֻȥϰǰһ١
ֻǣϰһ˵Ҫ͸ϯ면ĶʱƫϯүɩŶôˣҲû͵Ǹˡ
ҪǼҲİɩ͸ңСүԼίί
˼Ҷܳ裬۸һСܵίһĶĵôࡣ
ʲôС㶥Ҳͬ˵ˣʮ꣬㻹СɩһôˣһˣɲСһƤҲ᲻͸ɩӡ
ϰ˰ѰСѵһ١
үίĶˣΪ˲ʧԼүֻίԵù
үƤӣ˳ֺСϱ
ϯϲɫƤӣôһñĴ멣⻹һöñһ϶ÿ
ϯ˵Ƽս˿ⷿȻ˵үҪȥǣҸС㱸һЩױȥ㿴㻹ҪҪЩСʲô
㱸ˣҾͲˡ
ڶֶ̫̫Ů붼ϲǳޣҲ˼
ǳ̫̫ǵɩˣܳţպпգ͹ȥ
ҿⷿһ֧ʮ˲Σȥ͸ɩӡ
̫̫ʱүͻ󣬲ĺӣԺ̫̫ͣͣĵССӶʮֵĺá
˺óԵĵģѾ߸һݣ껹ָЬ·ÿʮҲһ
Щãһֱǵá
ЩҲһֱ𾴴ɩ
Σ̫̫ò׻˺ӣҲΪɩˣصȥѪ࣬ȥɩԡ
ȻҲϣԼСϱܺʹɩ֮䣬úദ


728 6

գϯȥ˳̫̫Ժ̫̫
̫̫·ݸո£ӻûԻԵĺãĺãϺйҲһСȦ
̫̫ЦүȥӲͣ㣬Ǽ˵ǰܲôȥûȺҾҪֳɡ
ϯЦǴү㣬ӣٰӸˣĺ֪£Ժ˯ãɫǰÿࡣ
ţҲо⺢̫̫ŶӣᣬӻУһ£µذһֱ£ʲôʲôҲһȦںˣȥҲˡ
ϯ￴˴ĸ⻷Ц˵иҲÿŲҲʵ߶߶ʱס
ţÿ극ͻȥ԰ϼȦ
Ȼÿճȥ߶Ҳǳүߡ
ڣһ󱦱΢һүĵҪ»˵˺ӡ
ϯ̫̫˻ͻϧӡ
Ѯү˸ܽױȥ˾ǡ
үһߣϰ˾Ͱϯ﻽˹ȥ
ϯﵽã֪ϰ˾ȻҪѳµ齻ȥ
ɩӣ۲ãִˣ£ͶģļױҲð죬ǳҵŮңйƵģȥҹǰļ¼гǰ̳ʱðļױӣҲðһݾǣҪʲôģҲ͹ӡ
ϰҲӷŮŲԸΪ£Ļ£Ӹϯ졣
ϯҲΪۡ
ǳֶŮ⣬ǳˣҪĳˡ
Ҳ˳¡
ֻǣ֮ϰ˵һνһ¸죬Բȥ죬ϰ˵öʧ
ϯ룬ͽŲ¡
ϯó󣬾˰ѹȥϧӡ
ǰ͵õϢʱ򣬾صذѼ˱뵥Ӵˡ
Ůޣҹоͳǧӣϯſ˱ʱ˶ˡ
ôһ壬Ůޣǧӵޣ̫ٵĿļױûء


729 7

̫̫ǳϰĹأһֱûĹһճСޣҲֻܲǧðױСׯӣӣŮǧӣһСׯӣһӣ䲻࣬Ҳ٣ټϳױ޾㹻񡣡
ϯ뵽Ҳ˳Һ׬˵ټδϯҴŪӣֻļױҲ࣬ˣҲͶӡ
ӣʹ˱ȣױ㹻񣬿ɺͳһȣͲ̫Զˡ
ϯôһ룬͵ͷǾ֧ǧӣչظСðױˡ
ϯһŵϣǩԼ֣Ȼݸܹ裬ϸϸ̵ǶСļױҪðˣ˵ÿһ¹أҲ˵
δ˻ԴγãŪӣϯﻹϸĵȾȫ̼ල¡
Ѹðױ飬ȥ˺󣬽ϯͺͳ裬ϵľϯȵ
˼Ұϲ磬ҲнģȢϱԿɾ˰죬Ҳ÷ֳΡ
ӿԴ죬ӵϲ磬ȴܳԽȥ
óȡϯϯȻм˼ˣģҲȴΡ
̲;׶ӡ
ϴõǱӡ֦߲ʴɾߣȴѡɻϸɲ̣һߵ;ߣһе;ߡ
޵Ѿӡ
սŵϯСԺһ裬ѾߣѾߣʹѾͷĸʹӣϰ˵˼ǣСԺ˶öСҴȥӡңΪСʮĴѾ߱š
ŵ˼պӻˣùүͨѾͷôòͲܲȥ
ϯ￴ʵϰ˵˼ȥ򣬻ǴӸۡͷ
̫̫
Ȼ£ϯϰȻͲ֣ϾǸͷֶŮޣҳϯϵãԣһЩϯﲻ£ϰ˾ͻ
պ󣬾߶̫̫Ҳֲϯͷ
ˣȥһаɡȻҪүůѾͷǾ͵ϣȥһӣٴȥӡҡ
ͷӦǡ
ϯϵĲ׵гһŵӣȻϯóϰ˹Ŀ


730 8

ܹһⶨϯͷģȻûκβ׵֮ϰֻһۣͽӷһߣЦ£ҷģ˵Ĳɻ;ߣҼǵãʱõľƯʱ˿ÿء
˵˸޵ׯӺӣͱˣŮׯӶһùֱת¾УҪȥѾӵһ
޵ѾӵҲóŮȥżңպЩūŵҲɳŮ˵㡣
үůѾͷҲͬǵϣպ󣬾ůѾ˹үĻģȥ
²Ը⣬Ҳúһġ
ҲˣůѾͷڳŮ˵һָɽĹ̳蹤ߡ
ϯЦӯӯ˵ãһǵãҾͺȥУû˳۵СѾߣ
Ҫ̫Сģ˵žܻϣ̫Сˣʱòϡϰ˶̵
ţʮġϯͷǵǸƢִֵģѾ֪߱ˣ᲻ˡ
ߣΪƢȥӡң˼Ҿһֱϰᵽûɫǲ̳ѾߣһգʧȥģǶãΪ롣
ϰ˵ֱ׳ʵϯﶼףϰ˾ǹٸ̫̫ͳ¡
ϴΣö֮ȾȥǰҪȾĹ룬ʹϰ˵ĵߡ
ϰ˺̫үһһһ˫ˣ϶һӣ߸ӣҸۣ㣬ϰԼҸҲԼĶӶϱԼһܹҸһһһ˫˵Ĺȥ
رϲϯϣһܺúôϯϯһ˹ӣʲôѣӶܲ벻
ԣγȾȥϯ£Ǵϰ˵ĵߣϰһŭ֮£žﱸůѾͷ¡
ʮǰ̫̫һŭ֮£үѳ̫̫̺ó̫̫һӾʧȥŵͷ
ʮ󣬳һŭ֮£ָﱸůѾͷ
˵ϰ˵ĵߣ˭һˣ˭Ůˡ


731 9

ϰˣС󳳴֣˵Ҫ㡣ϲŽ
ϰɫһߣʲô£
Ϊױ¡
ϰɫˣŮޣһֱǰճҹߣöӼױһǮģôѵΪһϹͷˣ̰ǼױӲɣ
ϰϢŭūȥؾС㡣ϲŵæˣҪߣϰ˵ȻԼױ֮вǾ˵ҲãҿɲһϹͷˣԩ̰ױӡ
ϰòᣬϯȰ˵ȱСû˼
ߣʲôһ
۲ķױô
Ҳһ룬߸ӣӳ˻飬ǵƸױ˵ҹлһ֣ΪôҲÿ϶һֳȥ
Щ꣬Ƿļױʮ֮ȥ߰ˣʣµһȢϱ
ŮЩױҲ̫࣬ҲǱһ̵⡣
ԹŮɼңĸױױĺ٣УҲ˶١
һ̰üͶСǣֳһ˵ưĶԼ
Ůɣίʵϡ
ܿˡ
һţίʵ̣ҡ֪ˣѾ˵ģдһٱŮ䡣
˵ţͰһŲֽݸϰˡ
ϰ˰ףӹȥֻһۣһŲֽϣŭдģ
ǡŮдģŮıʼ
ʼģȴд£Ҳƭң˵˵㻹ʲôҸɵģ
ϰܻһûʱȥǺںڣڿԣһࡣ
ϯŻˣæǰϰ˵ĺ󱳡
úϰ˲Ż
ϰ˷Ը裬ѶСȥһֱ㵽֮ա
̡ҲҪأҡ㣬Ҫ˵ƴָȥץ
ϰ俴ſú˵ҵҪʲôҪ˵
ֻ÷ſ
ؿ޵ʮίʮֿ̣յ׵Ů


732 10

أ̣㲻ƫİСðôױΪʲôð죬Ҳ밢̸ðױҲ밢̰ҷļ޳ȥ̣ҲѪܹܲƽǡ
ء̣ģôܲƽԴǣء̣Һİ
һߣһ߿ޣ޵Ĳ⣬ֿίǣȴļ˸Ļˡ
ϰģһû
ָųѵСãʮ»̥׹ŮǵļױҲð죬˭ð죿
ҵѪҲ㰢ѪҪļױȻӦȥ㰢ҪʲͷϣΪ̵ģٸЩױٶģҲˣ尢廹ûȢϱأͷЩһŸ尢Ȣϱá
ǴĹϵĶĲԣΪ̣ƽһ飬ޣҸЩױҲ飬ûļױϡ
㰢һͰܽŮ㰢ļױǽ˵ģ㲻ܳģÿŹģĶ࣬ɳԷҲ࣬Щ꣬ҵЩױ½½㰢⼸ȢϱˣΪʣ¶٣
ʣ²٣ҲԸŮ
˵Ṵ̊ԣҲǺڵģ˵޵żӡңͲԸ
ɲԼﵱԼðļױ˴ȥӡңӡá
һϲӡˣӡ˵ɡ
޵ôң̶ûʱ޵ĸˣһΣĿޡ
ίĿޡ
ô˽ƾʲôһЩ
˵ʲôûٶأΪ֪ϵ˽кܶ࣬ׯӼϰٸôͲܸ
ԽԽòƽ
ϰԵϯڲͣϰıһŭӿָ޵̣ԸҲңҿŮʲô
ϯĶ䵱ޣҪ

ϰһΣŭˡ
裬졣
ǡ
ǰָ̧˳ƣѳﶼȦˣð죬Żعоϵۡ
̣㡭ңŵ
ϰܻŭ죬ѵ㲻ô򣿡


733 11

ޣϯðģһҸģ
ƾ޾ݣ͸ԩǰ˳ҵĺôҪٰ
һŮ˵жҪ㲻֪
˵ʵҲˣ֨ﰢﳤ㰢̵ô꣬ѵͽ̵ôĿ𳤵Ķ
ϰָӴ
ﻹһţ˵ܣϯʲôһôɽµׯӣ̣˽Ǿİġ
ȷʵϯﲻӡ
ǣ˼ӵ£ʲô£
Ҫȥ磬Ҳ¡
ϰ˶ڶ˽ӸϯҲģǣﲻŮ棬ϰ˲ܳϡ
ϰ˵ȥڣǳҵĶִţˣ˭ҲǳҵڼʥſڶķĶעûǳӮǰȴƼϽӣڼʥſһעӮ
ӵĶעһת֣ͳӣİӣϻʣӣ֮󣬰ӲǳҺȥ£ع飬ӣͱӣ˵ϯð첻һׯӣңɽµׯӣһ
ӣ
Ȼòӣ
ԣϯôױϯԼðģ
ǿĲţϯﹴţȥĳ飬ʱǶķ˼һӮӻҪˣӣ𶼲뻹Ƽִ˶ķϴǲŹԹ԰ҵӶң£ҺϰҲòźƭ㣬ΪֻҪһ飬ܲࡣ
ԣûƭ
ϯСvҲûƭ
ϯСv˹ʺˣȻһע׬ӣ
ҵļױÿһҰİѡģõĶϯҵӡүӣǸׯ⣬ģѹӡ
Ȼ£߳
ļױ۵£ϴĸɸɾȻһ죬¶Ϊļױүϰ˱ġ
ˣ裬ͶСȥڻǰöСúôԸٳдһٱŮ䣬ʲôʱŮԳдģʲôʱ򣬾߳Ժš


734 12

ﱻȥˡ
ϰϯ֣εĵӣûн̵ί
û£ﲻΪ֤ôϯ֮ܳʱûм֤ף֪ϰ˲ƽ
ⲻϰΪˡ
ϰοϯ֣˵ţ£һǴ˵ġ
ֵ˵ϯţӴӿ˵㵱ʱҪǶ˿ô죿
˾ˣӣҲܻ𡣡
ϯ˵ĺ׳־
ϰ˾Цˣڣˣպȥ׬ӣ͸Ӿǣȥˣȥɲ
ţ֪ˣԺ󲻶ô󡣡ϯϴ죬̬Ⱥãǣۣ˼ҵС㶼ỨϼСȥ¶עմȤָϲá
ѽȤ
л
ϯ˵Ц۾
Ϊ֮˭Ӯ˭䣬֪
ǰٷְ׬ӵ£ɲ
ϯʱϰͻȻעˣ͵Ұӡ
УҲС˼ҵȥģϯ
ϰ˵׬ӣһ룬˾ȫҵġ
ðɣǶҾҰӡϰȱӻô˵ǵװҪӰˡ
ϯϧӣͼ޺ϣſڡ
Ǳúͽŵϯϣϯһôˣʲô𣿡
¡
϶ʱЦ⣬ղŵһҲΪУģôûǶԷ
ڼҡ
ϰҪ̫үԷһϱĴԱ߶ѿ
ܽѾͷ۸ˣ̲סʳ˿ڡ
ϯЬ޺ͳš
۵һ˿䣬ӣõĽѵ
˰ɣٹþҪ޳ȥˣˣҲͲˡ
˺ߣǾСϱһѵСϱ
ϣͻȻһļŵԺ˶׷׳
ﻹڴ󺰣߰߰߰

챣С㡣
Ӵˡ


735 13

ҹԺһƬҡ
˯ԺϯԼ˵ΪһѾֵҹֹһ䣬˵ֵҹ
һֻĴ֣ģϯʱ˳˯С
ȵڶգϯ𴲣˵˳Ժ¡
ϯ󾪣úõأôߡô£ôûң
ĵ̫̫ʱ˯ˣūǲҳ̫̫ǡүˣүͷԸƼȥƼûҵߣȴڶСҵһֻ󡣬С㿴ʱ˾˹ȥƼҹȥ˴˵ǾŹȣСһ밲ѹѹû¡
ʵүǰ̫̫ѣɼ̫̫ƹܣô£ô̫̫ܲ
үڣƼȥס˶СԺˡ
һȥóһ͹ȥСѹѹϯԸ
ԺӣţŲܳء
ڣ˾ţҵӣôҲñʾһ¹ġ
Ӧǣӣȥ˳
ϯϴ׵ȥ밲ϰϴϣԷһֻ󡣬һϣС˾ţιȥˣѾ򿴹ˣ˵Ǻ갲û¡ϱѾԸСЩѳԣöС㲹ӡ
ѾӣǸʲôԵģ󡣬Ȼûһ˿Сˡϰ˶ʱŭˣԷ̺ﲻϸϯһЩľ̺ӵūţҲҪ÷ͷԷÿ˿һǮٳ£ȫˡ
ϯ۾һãġ
ĵȴһЩС˼
Ƕ̫̫ӡ㺭գ֮ٶһЩԹܳûһЩȥӡңպ󣬻õϡ
ϯôţȴóֱȥԷ˵̽ԷϯͽڰԷɨԺӵĴʹѾߣȥ˳ɻֽջѾͷŵԷɨԺӡ
ߵĴѾͶѾߣϯһûǣĿ̫󣬷ǴʹѾߣóġ
˵ˣݣūûüһūţҲûġ


736 14

ʲôǲǱˣ
һϯûɫҪĲܶϯϳȥ
ϯЦЦƳһۣȻҸ£ô˵Ҳİ˵ˣҵ㣬͹㣬˵˵㵨һĺܣôܱһֻˣ
ŲΣСv˶ֻûڣͱϯŵҭ˻ȥ
ҭȥ󣬳ʱְˡ
ôͱСvһ񣬾ŵò˵أ
ʱֺݺݵһϯŭﲻģ߰ɣҲӭ㡣
Ǳɩ߻ˣĶԳضˡϯ￴ҡͷ̾ϢڳĻðɵ۹£һѻ𣬡һһ̵ǰ̵ܣҲȥӡң˳˵
ҲҪ̵֣ҡ
㲻Ҫȥϰ˵ϯĳһΪõı飬ﰡ˵Сԣϲˣϲ۸ݱ͵ĹңӿɲãǳС㣬ҲԶǰɣʮӶʮҲһ죬۸˻վıߣʱҪô
ɳӰ˵ľϯﱾˡ
һͶˡ
мĽʲôİȢ㣬ҲϿҵĳҰҿ㻹ŵʱ
Һİϯؿڣɫѹˣ㲡˵ķϣҲһСһƽϣúɣ˵ô󣬿Ҳû£ԭÿոһѣӣҲòٲˣǾȡ˰ɡ
ϯѳĲˣƨ|ˡ
Ŀһ٣ȴϯ޿κΣȴ͸״һҪϯаƹܼӵȨߡ
̫̫ҪȡÿոС𣿡
Էһֱϯʵ
ϯţõģȥԷ֮ȡ˵С㲻ԡ
ѲŮõĲƷѼ۸󣬾ǳңҲܳԵѡ
ҵĹأ̫̫ÿͻֵһѣճС㣬һѣһֵܷΡ


737 15

һӣŸ˽ʮѣȻⲻϯҿģϯ᲻óװ׳ԺԼӡ
ϯﲻȥȡѣֻóȡԣŻԷһˡ
ϯĿĴɣ˳ʮֵĺá
֮ϯ״򲻶ÿȥøϰ밲ż˵˵̫̫ȥ԰ɢֱѮϯҴϢ˵ϯᰶżҡ
ϢĲһϯҺ԰ժĴݮмĵġ
Ĳ˵գʤϯүȥ͵Ϣ˵Ƕ̫̫ϯС㱣ýԷݳһ˼ңϯСȥ̫̫ϯү˺үȥˣ˵ϯС㶨λһʮˣӣŮʮ꣬ȢϱŮҲܸˣѾżңСŮʮֲ꣬үϯүԷͼʱϯү֧֧ᣬ˵ڡ
үǻ˼ҺϵΪҹϵܸܣŰϯС㶨˶Էң̫̫֪ʵ󣬾˵̫ڣĶǸϯС㱣ýֱǰϯСơ
ĲϯڣѾ߶⣬ˣĲ˵Ҳûʲô˼̫̫Ļ˵ϯ
˵ϯᰵĻڶļ¸³ӡ
ôżױðɣϯﾪȣ²ֹϯһ˵⣬СϺϯҲ϶в롣
Ͳ֪ˣǣϯү͸ү˵˺üϯСļױ٣˼ҪүһʼױүװûߵʱϯүǴߵġ
Ҫū˵ʤǱֲǵɽˮĵزƾʲôҪǶϯСﱸױ
ϯүãܳ첻һЩױϯС㣿
ū澿ϯүռ˵ġ
үûͬ⡣
ĲС˵࣬ϯҲȥˡ
ϯȥү̫̫ϯᰳӣǶ׼ױһĲ٣ɲóﱸģҲһûУeٹŴ󷿵ˣЩˣɹ߲á
ū澶ū澻ȥһúø̫̫˵ֻҪ̫̫ͬ⣬үҲͬ⡣
ϯĲϧӳ˷ߵġ


738 16

ĲһߣϯͷԸģѵϯ᰸ױ˳Ȼȥ﷭£´һֻµӡ
ǿĵģʮ죬ʽӱϯ᰸ĺÿˡ
ʮգϯʹѾߣȥ˵ʤϯױ
ˡСЦݵİϯӭ˽ȥȻȥϯסԺ
ϯסģǰԺӣ¸֮ԺɵĲû֮ǰô£ʯשϸһܿЩש滹չĺɫӡǡ
ݶϵƬҲµģǾɵģûƵģзðɣͿᣬɫģʮִƯ¾ɡ
ԺҲܵý⣬ʲôûС
ϯϲˣϯ˵أȥһ˿Σܿ죬һЦݸк
ϯЦЦҲĴкý㡣
ֿϲ㣬ϲãǶˣôûӨӨأ˵ˣҲ֪޵Ǹʲôˣ
ϲЦҼһƣĲҲڿ죬Ǽһ׸ңһҲûʲôҪӨӨһƬġ
ãȥô˶ûΪϯССĿ㣿һڣĻ
ϯܼ޸ҵү̫̫£ʮֵļʡ
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ңɲ˭ǵģҲˣټʣٲϲϯҲڸǰһһϯҪϼ䡣
ڣҲﲻ˵Ựѡ
ϯЦʱһǳүҺܺãҪʲôү˼ҴҲŮƵ۰ڹųҵ㴣СС̫࣬ﶼæûЪŵʱ˯Ǻãǻûף춼˯Ȼѡ
ҫ
ҫ
СƢʱˣҪϼ䣬ռ޽Ҳżգϰ˾ܰԺƹܣƭʲôĸϱСģǳϰ㴸ϱܣҲֲô
£ƭʲôƭûôϯЦһȻѸϯ׼ױóݸϯᰡ


739 17

ϯԭ౸ֻǲɣҵӶүζڵĺʱҲðⶫɱ١
ϯϣˣϯǹġ
Ϊֻӵ͸ϯױһģһһֲ࣬һֲ١
˵ϯݲͬôһֻƮƮӣݲǣϯЦЦı飬ϯᰶʱ˵ڡ
ϯ᰽Ц˵ôһŰֽҲǸ˵ġ
ȻӵݸԵѾߣѾ
Ƴһӣ˵ð첻˭Űǳҵĵ̫̫һֻӶòɣļױҲٰһֻҲ˰ɣƫƫһֻӣǿĵģǹ⿴ᰰɣ
ҿɸ㣬᰼޵˼ҿݳĴ˼ң᰽žǵ̫̫ݿɲ͡
ţŲǵ̫̫Ǽӵĺ
ϯĬĬ
ȴЦǾ͹ϲý㡣
ϯɫӲ˳ǣһ̶ϯǳ̶֣㳢
ãлý㡣ϯ֣һ̶֣ﳢ˳ζôãõ̶ͰǴŶǴεƷְɡ
ϯҧһǣͷˣԡ
ϯƳһȱһǵ̶֣û˵ʲô
֪ϯͬգǳҵ̫̫ʲôöûԹϡһ̶֡
ǣҲϯҴõóֵĵˡ
ϯ۾ʼϯӵİ衣
һĹŶڼҲûһܶ౦䱦񣬲Ź񣬶ûУ˵Ŷʲôġ
ңֻһż򵥵ļӴ¹һ񣬻һ߼ȻһŰİӡ
һ綼ûС
˵װΣΪªΪ
ϯլķࡣ
ϯע⵽Ŀ⣬ЩεԴլӱ˺󣬼ﲻٲҾҲչˣ̴ЩŶ鼮ֻҲһû﷢ô飬ӣڣûӣҲάһ˵ơ
˵ţϯ洦һ˿Ц
ҪǼ̫ѹαҪίԼ޸һԵˡ
Ϊģܰһϯңü˵ܺùһЩô


740 18

ᰣѹԺȥңҵĵ̫̫ӻùģϯҲһùģɲĳˣԼ󻧸ţȴҲһѡ
˵ţƳһϯָ
ϯǺǣҿɲǵʤϯҴ󷿣ϯҶ
ϯҴôƨ°
ϯᰵĺӣϯΪϯҴһýԼ޸һʮ˵ķϣҲͲϯ¡
Ļû
ϲɵһƳһ飬ȻֺõĶϯ㣬˵ҶСҲҪˣڶʲôӰǰգҰﻹ˵ȳҶСǰȥҶСһЩױء
ʲôױǹϵɲϤ
ϲ˵ôϤǱֶŮǼҲݣףǵȻҪȥһױȻȥ˼Ҷ˵ǲǡ
ϲȻСȴࡣ
ҲŰҵļ͵̫̫Żڼǰֵһֱᡣ
ۣɱȲϲ
ߺߣһмȥҿɲȥҺͳҿûʲô飬Ҹ͸ûʲô
һΣҾͶϤˣ㣬˵𣿡
ϲϯЦš
ϯǺǣȥȥ£ƢɲãҪȥˣȥɾ͵úúš
ݣϯܺĵϲһ䡣
ϲЦһ£ܿЦôأô˵ҲǳҵճС㣬ϲҽҲᵱڸɫģô˵СҲĿİұķϣҼӰ
ϲҪȥңױҲͲȰʲôˡ
ȰˣϲΪ
ȷʵϲϲȥңҴĻõ塣
ǣϲȷʵá
׹ùõŮ
أμҲȷʵһڡ
ˣȻμҪϸֺóңͿμмͣϳҰɡ
ֻԹۣ֡
̫̫ԳˣǸûȥˣﻹвµ̫̫ءʱˣĳϯ
ϯǡ
ϯᰵ㲻³Զٷô
ˣҲҪӣϰ˰Ļ¶ҳﱸʱ䣬ʵ̫æҲǳ


741 19

ϲôϲʵ
ʵעĲϯܲǳܲ
μͽ룬³һûᡣ
ϯ˵ɣҲ֪ûпա
ϲһ˿ʧЦҴᰱ㡣
ˣ㰢ý˵˵ɣԺһ˵Ļûˡ
Ů˼ˣǱ˼ҵˣպݣͬ⣬ܳš
ϯһߣͺݺݵϲһۣʵղǻʲô˼
ʲô㣬˵ʲôˣϲһȻ޹һЩЩί
ŭϸӰͽϯϧ˼Ҳ㣬ȥ˳ңҲͽ᲻Щɱˣô۸ϯģΪͲǳ𣿡
ϲͷһ˿ȴҿû۸㣬ÿζ۸㡣
Ǻǣһ¶ƵһͷȻ³çֳ嶯Ҳɵӣ˵û۸ϯһǵãϯ꣬⹫ԶŻϯһȹӣǱ˵ġ
ϲɫʱһƬɷף粵ʱһС¡
ߣϯɲ㶮²£۸棬ȻΪϯҶһһĺãϯǳҵ̫̫ȴϯҴһѣΪʲôﻹЩһֱϯҴ۸ĳô
ҪΪˣҺαҪԶȥͽݳǵң
ǳҲԸǣû취Ż䵽ݳǣȥֺҡ
ϲһıİġ
ϸϸһСƺû۸ϯ
ϯϯ蹣û۸
ңȥӨӨɵ£лμҵֱʣֻҪϯ֪ˣֻպ󲻹μֺóңҲʲôô
ϲ˼ˣŻȥ߳һߣֻвֺֺͨϯᰣպ󣬸ҽŲߡ
ҵļͲسҲ١
̫̫үˣڳϵء
ϯߵԣһֱվԱߵСӣ
ϯҪĶ˶٣Ȼµƿ˽ȥ
һȵѾߣСţүˣ档
Ѿһʱ档


742 20

ôˣ˵ֿһӣҪȥôǵ
ȣϯͱקһѣεȦڻö
ڳİԵϯѾϰˣ˶һʵλãȻԹԵУ
ڲֿתһȦҾ㣬£˳
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ͱ죬˫ױĶ˫͵ʱ˵᲻
͵ıױ˼Ҳ᲻ˣλε˼ҳɵ
кɫģü֣ҪʲôȴεģҷԸƹƥ
ҪЩģϵȵĳӡ͸ģϯȻҪõġ
㻹Ҫʲôһ÷ƹ͹˽֣ʵ
ϯҡͷĶҪݱİãȥѡ
ʲôʱȥ㣿
㲻Ǻæô
ʲô¶ҪΪһȺʲôߺߣհɣ磬ȥ
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ϯЦãҲǰ׼ѡ
ֵգȥߣ
һҪﱸ¡ϯææһӣȥ
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˵ûãĸŮһԩ
ֺõ£Ĳϱܣǣɩˣ󰢸ѴɩĸıƵģ󰢸ǾԲôɩЩġ
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һͱϰ˺ȥˡ
ϰһ緹ڼ䣬ϰ˻ϯżҵ£ϯϯżҲֻ֪֪ݳǴ˼ң
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˵˵Ҽһݣиͬã޵ľҵˣƽ֡


743 21

ƽϯᰵķ
ϯᰲʮ꣬ƽʮ꣬ϯᰴ˶ʮֻ꣬Ҫ࣬ƽĴӶϯᰴһꡣ
Ҳѹ֣ϯᰳףȴһҲˡ
ҪΪϯҴ󷿣ϯǾԲӦ¡
ϯϰ˵ҼǵãƽȢĵһӣȢļҵĹŮϽ߰궼ûϣһС檱ȻϣΪˣ̫̫û֮üΣ̫̫˼Ҫϣ󵽵ûݣûһ꣬ȴһ纮
ļҺףϰ˶ҲͶע˼֣ˣƽ飬Ҳʮ
ϰֵƽȢĵڶӵңҲӦ֪ݳң̫ҽֶŮ
ϵǸõģһž͸ƽӣһŮֻŮʱѲӣԴ֮һһ
ʱҵ˻дȥǣ̫ҽٻβ̫ҽרŸҹ˿̫ҽ˵ٻͻģ֮ϵ嵽ûܰȥ̫ҽİǰˡ
ϯ⣬Ƶ̫ҽزϿȥǰôȥҽΣ
ѽ̫ˡϰ۵ĵ˵ϯţΪΪλѲ
˹İɣϯһ²
ϰ˵ͷ˵Ͻû꣬ԼӣΪֺôҺüҪ⣬Ϊй©ңҶȥҲˣңʵ̫̫ϲƽ䵭ࡣ
ٴȣҲܻһʱʱ̶̿ڱҵ˵Ĵڡ
ϲţ˵ġ
ҲԲ²⣬ϵѲУҵֱʡ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬û֤ݣ˭Ҳȥָҡ
ȥûãҾһã޸ƽֻ˳һοܴδζԿû뵽ƽܾŮȴȢý㡣
ϰ˵ţҲһꡣ
ϯҴ󷿵ɲϯ᰼ȥҺָҪܶ˵Ӻͳ
ٹգǴС׵ӣǸҲðѺɣ
ţǸù԰Ҳϼյø￴ϲЩϰЦǺǵĵ


744 22

ϯӦǣǰܵãϱҲյ
ţ͸ˣÿһǮ
ϯЦǺǵӦˡ
ϲصĸϰ˵ллϰ͡
ϰЦˣ˵Ͻϲ¶࣬¸£͡¸£ǳޣۡмȢ֮ϲˡ
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ϰϯվǶڣʥǱߣҪǵȥɨһ飬ϹˮǰԤ׵ջȥ˿ɲ١
ϱסˡ
ϯһιܳ㴣ϰ˵æʱʱ̿һ
ϯϰǸмġ
ӻϧӺϯͺ񣬰Ѽʥõ½ȥ
ȥ󣬳ʹٸ㰲ż
ȱţȶɩ⸮е㴶ҪܡϯһҲ̰ƹܳԺȨ
ֻͳ룬߸ˣֵĹÿһ졣
üû㣬ǳҵڸ
ûȴ֪ǳҼƹܳһΪĵޣȻǳڸǳΨһʸƹܳ㴵ˡ
Сϱװ۵գɩҲֲƹܡ
οɩȥ˾ǣǱȵ컹ѡ
ȻгڣɾǻһܽһүڣɩǾԲŹһԶߵĻᡣ
Ҳǿ˶ɩ˼ŻǰŮСӴ򷢻ȻǵȲ⼸Ůӳ󣬾ͻᱻɩˡ
ͺúùԺ㴣ҰӺѾ߹㡣
ϯһᣬԴϣ˵ʵڻĲ㴣ͷΣۻܺˣӦ֮£ܲãĴҪ֮һֺõ£룬Ĳܰ㴽˹ô
Ҫ治ܣǵȴɩ˺ӺŹܺˡ֮ҵ㴣ӡϵС
ϯ۾ãһΪʱɲڡ
һû취ɵѾͷeŮ˵żңҪƹ㴣Ȩ㵹ãֵȨơ
벻ԼܡϯﲻмƲƲ졣


745 23

ƼȻܴԼһЩȨ棬ҲԼ޾鷳
СС£Ҫúã˼ΪӦõģòãУûоó˵ﱸĺãǾһжãֻҪһûλ˶˵ٹ˽˽
߻˵ǹģͿóúóޡ
УүȢޣ̫̫ӣϴ֮꣬󼸸ֶֶŮȢ̫үϰ˹ȵȣЩ£Ժ󶼵ڸһֲٰ졣
һ뵽ԼҪۣһ˵ĳԺ˯ȣϯͲ⡣
һˣֻӡ
޸룬Ҳ򵥵ӣ鷳ΪǸ鷳ˡ
ڸע˻Ǻܶ鷳ġ
һ취ðЩ嶨ϱպϱ㣬ʡࡣֵ
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û˵ʲô
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ū澺Ȳʱײһ£ǡμ̫̫·ˮһ˴ū澰ӡ
ǿЦҿǳūţֲμūţʹ򣿡
ƾʲôū澣
ū澽һˮҲū澵ĴǸײū澵ˣСߵѾߡ
μ˴Ļȴū澵鷳˭μôĵӣ
ū뿪ʱμ̫̫Դū澣Ҫū澴Сסգ˵Сû̫̫úþһۣ̫̫׽׽ūֲǸɵģ̫̫Сϵһֱãôܻ̫̫鷳
Ϊ˵䣬ū澾ǵİڲ
̫̫ū澿μƺڴʲô⣬Ҫŵ
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ƼⱩƢȴҪ̫̫μ̫̫Ҫū澴Сסū澲²⣬һμҪС̫̫ǽǡ


746 24

ҵǽǣƾϲ
Ǻǡ
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һ㣬һҪΪү壬Ȼү̫̫ԩʲôүһ϶ᷣİӡ
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һһλΪϱĳүء
ˣμҵˣ˵˵ϯᰵĻ°ΣϯﲻƼʹ³ȥæת˻⡣
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ޣϯšü֮ǰôû˵
ҥ߻ûһЩͷ˼Ҳ֪ˣȻƾҵļҲкܶСż޸ү
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ƼͷɲôûҥƽȢ֣ҲֲϯС㡣
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ƽ֮ԻȢϯᰣҲڸ˵ȢһǽС㣬ҲȢС㡣
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ˣȥЪϢɣģûطԡƼĲˣϯһЩģȥˡ
ȳϯ˵μҵ£ȻҲ֪μҵĿ꣬ϣүϣպμˣСЩ


747 25

ǻҴҵ⡣Ƕ壬ƾμңҪŮ޽ңҲ̫СƳˡ
ϯһۣʵʵ˵μҵļҼҪöˣȻܼ޸㣬ϲҲܼ޸塣
㲻һıڼˡ
ӻ֣Ѿ߶ǲȥȻСϱק뻳Уţܼ޸ңϲ㣬㲻Ȣ
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Դߣμ˲ôҲ룬ǰϲһױʱүҲûˡ
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˵컹ûүȥү»˵̫̫Լʳõ
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СӺѾüδû뵽ξȻˡ
ϯĿһۣЦϲ㣬ү֪㻳ˣ϶ܸˣûдŸ߶ү
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ϯЦӦãֶԹʲôԵģ߳У˴ϯߡ


748 26

ôУҡ
ģүֶΪӻǳġ
ϯϹĻЦŵ
ϰ˾ͶϯʲôҪҲ̵ˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôĶõˡ
ѹжģϰ˵л
ǸһͣϯȲˣҲֻǱ˳ԵҪһЩԸõģ͵Լó
һµǮʮӣһЩ֬ˮ۵Ȼãʣµӣ˵ѣһˣ
ϰָϯãÿ»ʮӸﻨãˣҲʲôôǮ
ϰ˵Ǯһһӣǳģǳ룬һҲŰʮӵǮ
ҪԼ˽ӯǮھ¥Լٷġ
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ϰæã˫ӣԺͲ趨ʡԼԺ߾ͺá
˶٣ֶԹúͰѾ̺Ͱ̥úðѺ
ǣϰˡ
Թ£Ц
ϯóС˵̫̫Źղ֪Լϵģ
ϯﳶ˳ǣĸˣܳٶ۵ˣסүģ
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Ǻ£Ǵϲ£ϰ˶ţҲȥҴ
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ļƿɲ٣Ҳѹٰ֣̫̫
ϯ̫̫̫ǿԸְ̫ǿƵŮˣĸ˺ദˣᣬүҲˡ
ο̫̫ĺүһദˣȻҲᷢһ㣬̫̫¡
ǰܽʱ̫̫Ҳȥ˾ǣһֱھǣֻǣû̫̫꣬ͳүͲ֪Ϊ˺϶֮󣬳ү˽̫̫ͻغݳǣϰˣó̫̫뿪ݳһ
֮󣬳үͳ̫̫Ĺϵһֱģϸϸһ룬ӦΪõ顣


749 27

ǰܽȽ̫̫꣬ͳүʱڳ֮ܽҲ˵֮¡
ýʮ꣬ٹ꣬ʮ꣬绪ïͣϳżƹƯ
ļǿĳ̫̫ܷŹã
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Ȼһ㣬ΪгүɽڣûӣĻ
Ȼǰ֮£ʲôˣ£ȻҲб䡣
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֪ˣ̫̫ū澾Բ˼Ӯһ䣬Ҳȥ˼Ӯ
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ۣӮꡣ
꣬Ҳ֪һĶ֣Ӯ˳ҵۣԣԶע׬ӣҲֻ׬꣬Ͳ׬ˡ
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Ϊ̫̫ǲȥӮԳ־Լ΢硣
̫̫ȻǳһӮΪβעЩӣǧ̫˵˵ţİԼ˽Ҳó׼̫̫һע
ϯĸһǧӣѾ㹻ˡ
ӣѾܶˡ
ٶ࣬Ӯˣֻ¶ķҲòô
׬ӵĺûᣬϯȻԼϢ͸¶Ҽãϯܡ
ȻϯͬϯҲȥһ
עע٣ǾͿԼˡ
ҵͱˣڶſڵţϯ׼׵󣬾ʹżѾȥ˶š
ϰҲոյϯϰ񣬾ԲϰȻԼȥһϡ
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񼤶ĵ̫̫쵽ˡ
ƼҲȲƵƵ̫̫öأȥ˻ࡣ
߲ˣ̫̫ҪҪŹȥƼǰĴϣ˰ѵסˣȥ


750 28

ϯƿǰɽ˺ӵȷʵȥͷԸȾȥǰϣϰȥʥá
ǣ̫̫
Ⱦ˸ˣһˡ
ƼĶˣҲϯʥá
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ˣЦǰգүôүȥһݳүҪ̫̫ΪھܾˣүһŴ̫̫˭ˣĽĽ
̫̫ĶӲĸ£θ̫ãԵ̫࣬ǶӾ͸˼µĶһ
̫̫Ǿûʲô߶ˣЩᣬɳүÿÿĴӣͽŵĸھˮͰһ㣬ϰ¡
ϰȰüΣ˵̫̫ӲŸոԻ󣬿ɳүǽţȥ
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һˣڵ˼ʥá
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ңǹˡ
ҺͳǶֻǼʮǰ˲ӣӺԭһң֮󣬹ҾһֱڰųҰ£֮󣬹Ҿʹӳúôڻݻ˫ӮĹϵ
ǰǸżңǸڳԵһֻ͹żԼңҪϯ˵׸ԱʱżҾŭ˳롣
֮󣬳˶żҵкôżҸϳ˳ҵķΧ֮ڡ
֮󣬳ԣҲżκ
Ϊˣżһˣܿͳɥ֮Ȯһ³
£뻹һֱϯûϯ˵
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ϰߡÿϰ˵˵ǰϰ˻߶û˵ء
ԣ׼ĸ׼ĸú˵˵ϰԵӣȥ
̫̫ɨһӣȻĽĶϵϰ˶̫̫ãݳǣҲҲڶԶϱô۰ĸˣŮи


751 29

⻰ϰϰ£еĺϰ̸ϯᣬʲôĵطϰ˶̵̵
ԭһˣڳͬϰ˳ƺ׼ĸȴöྴϰ˼֣ϵĳƺû䣬ʼճƺΪϰˡ
ϰ˿ʵڣϹϵҲǰ˼֣һҪл㣬ΪһöϱĶãҶ⡣
𣬻ֺТҪǰ˳ϲӲڿ쵽֮껹Ȣϱ
̫̫ĵĻʱʱҲһ죬ϸֺϰ˺ϡ
ϰ𣬹ﻳе£ʱ͹̫̫˵ˡ
̫̫˵ģӴǴϲ£ϲϰˣϲϰˣֽһС
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ϵ֪ﻳˣʶĿһϯЩǡ
ϯͳҲˣϯĶȴһҲûУҲ֪ŮʲôʱҲܴϲѶ
һգҽڣϯȥһû˵ضСĶӣһҲûУ
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ϵһۣô᲻ż˼ʮĹ˰ĶУ£ϵġ
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˵⻰ʱһҲ߾Ҫ
ΪŮҲҪˣŮһЩ뷿Ԧ֮ϯ˼ţæ治ҪӣҲҪȹ˵ɣĸ¼ճ¾żϲѶġ
οүϲѾˣϸȥֺµ˴
ϯһ뵽үսŵôһ飬æҪѰعۿ̨ʱϲõ㣬ӣԭﰡҺҡ
ӣ㣬ҼҵĹۿ̨ڳҸڣҪҪȥﱼȵϵֱۣ˵ڴ
Ц׼ϱС֣˵ҿ϶Ҫȥ׼ĸкġ


752 30

ͿЦ̶⣬ܺóԣҸӺͰһ
ˡܳԵϱĵģϺܸˡ
ϯЦ̶⣬Եģ
նٺ죬Եģֻ˳ģӳԵġ
ϯһйı飬ǺǵЦ
ϳûʼϯȥ˸ڣ˴кȻֻϯҵĹۿ̨
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ǳҼݰˣλǻˣλǶĴ̫̫Ĵ̫̫
ϰָһȺˣһһܸϯʶ
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753 31

С˵̫̫ĲǣǶ޲ס䣬û
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754 32

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֮󣬳˵Էϴ|ԡĨҩ࣬ϱ£һֱٻشϡ


755 33

ڹĻҲԽԽļױܹҲﱸĲˡ
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756 34

үɫһƬǳҵѪҲӡ
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ɫǺѿһ۳үȻϳ鷿ϯʱƽҲڡ


757 25

ֻǲ²⣬ǣϯȴףʮҪһ̳˵ƽһ֪кͻϷ˳ʮƵˣһ˹Ѱҡ
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758 26

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759 27

С㣬Ҽ̫̫ϧӣʲôʱվڳүǰϲٴү
ϲʶģϯ߼ģ۵һ˿ңҧղţԼ˵ֻǡ
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Ҫĳ֣ǳүˡ


760 760 28

ϧӣĻ󣬾ϯϲ¡
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761 μ1

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û˿μҵĶɲˡ


762 μ2

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ֲʥĸ


763 μ3

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ǰҿûٸѴ˵ģҲ˸һЩԣ񣬰˳ĵ̫̫ͷء
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󰢽㣬ûٸ·ǶϲС˵ģЩģҲ͸ϯԵģ͸ᰰýóԣǳʣµģŻһ鰢ԡ
ҪΪ޼ǰ¡
Щ꣬ϯҼֵܽ۸£һҲûǹ
ϯ޿һ£ûҭ
ŭǼƽЩʱôûҶĳˣ㻹ûеͬģ
ͬĵطϵûϹŵˮ㣬μҵĵ̫̫ԺȲŮТ˳źơҪͬˣ
ҡ
˵ǱϯƻļƻȻϯȥϯϯܾϯô
󰢽㣬ʱҲˣ㻹ȻȥɡϲļӣӲϯԼŮĲǡ

ϯ޶ʱڵˡ
ϯûлμңֱȥϯҵ絽ϯֿͬһ٣ϯĸŮһ״
ΪԼ޵ôңϯͬôҲͬԼһǣϯͬһϯ޲ȥ۸ϯȥ۸ϱˡ
ɫʱѿŭμҵ飬ƾʲôȥҰ鷳
ûǷģ㣬ҲȻ֮£ƾʲôﰢ
㻹ȥ۸ϱ۸ϱ㲻βͻμңܵǰŸ״۸ϱˣ㻹ˣ


764 μ4

㵡ҡ
˵ҲԺ㶼Ҫˣϯͬûݡ
ϯͬݺѵϯһٺ󣬾Ʋϯޣżæŵĸϻϯްϱ۸ĺˣϱ˿̻ء
û£Ǽս۸ҡôůĵЦŵ
ϯͬ´ϱһϱû£ͺݺһȻպţͲҪ˰˾ǡ
Ҳû뵽һžͿޡԺ󲻼˾ǡһ˿ǣҲ֪ǲ岻
ϯͬȰհﻹúõģǰﲻϯޣ㳶Ľڡ
ǽڣҾͷˡ

ϧӡ
ϯﲻ֪ϯ˺󣬻ȥ˿̣ʮŲƥѾߣЩӣĶģͻȥҿⷿﻹһӶЩ£ҲǷڿⷿװҳ̫ϧˣûȥӡ
ӵĹ裬ĵЦ̫̫үԸˣЩӱҪ̫̫£ЩӣүѾˡ
ϯԣͷ۵˻ô
⡭̫̫ūδ¡Ϊѵ
˼ҵ̫̫ʮƥϣ˭ȥ˻
⣬Ż˻û⣬ϣ˻
̫̫˻Ӱ⣬ӣϰµġѵ
ãһ£ϯﲻҪҲҪ
ӵϰ˵ء
ܻϰӵ
ϱģȻӣȥ˼һΪӲء
ϯֻҧ¡
ȹʮѾһߣϯͰⷿﻹжӣ
̫̫ԭʮƥϽʮƥʮƥӡ
ϯһ˱ùȻй˼ƥϣԸ˰⼸ƥȥׯˡ
ֹ˼ƥӣƥӣȥ
ƥӣȥҡ
ңָңҲɩ
ĵͷū֪ˣūͰ̫̫ҳ͹ȥ
ţˡ
̫̫ˣⶼūӦġ
˱ȥ


765 μ5

ϲܷͬŵͷãݱʪӷڿⷿʱ䳤ˣܳùڿⷿˣ͸Ѵˡ
˼ƥȥׯ
ʱӺһѼ
һʮʮӣϯ˶ʮӸϯӵǳԣ̫̫ϰ˸˰˸ȥǱóһһĸȥʣµʮͳˡ
ѼҲʮ̫̫ϰˣã正ÿ˶˼ȥ
ϯҲ˻
һ⣬̫̫һСңϰ˰ѳԵѣ˸ϯ˹
ó歽öˣ˻һһǺ«һһҦǹӡ
ƼٺٵЦ˵̫̫ū澸ССѼȥʱλСմСʮǺ«СҲ˲ʳԣС㻹һǺ«ū澳ԡ
ǹ̵зСС㶼ǶʶȤˡϯǺ«ݸƼţȲԣүٳԡ
Ƽʱ̫̫ȣһǾҪˣͲóˡ
Ǿͷűȶš
ϡ
Ƽ̵Ӧ
գǳŵӡ
밲ϯͷԸƼȥ֪ͨ˼ϯַԸܹ豸һݻȻ˸ӣȥӿڽ¹ү
쳤ӣӿڣӳʱһֱصʱڼӡҵ١
̫̫ӴϢ˵Ƕ̺ͶүˡϯֺǺǵϰ˵ʱƼ
ϰһɫͺںڵĳʲôʱˣһˣ͵ţҲ֪˿Цȥ
ʲôҪ鵢ˡϯϰ˵˱ˮ
ϰ˺ߺߣʲô飬ܱȻŻҪ
ȳЯ·ãϰ밲ʱϰ˵Ķ¿һóѿ
ǳ̫̫Ц˵˼ûӵΧ
ԷʱϰһҲӣֱ˵ûθڣû¶档
޵ҧгݣȴֲٸǰһϰˣֻ޺޵İѽܵ裬ĬĬʽȥ
ﲻϰ˴ҲڳҶ緹󣬾ͺ·뿪
뿪ʱҲûȥúϰ˸֪һֻȥ˵һ


766 μ6

һߣϰ˾ɫ࣬ϯ㿴㿴ӡϽ̵ĺŮضջţʱ̤ҵĴţ˵䣬˦ӣǲҪѽ
̴СƢ㲻֪ôαػһʶϯϰ˵ıϰ˻ᱻô
ߣȥӡңǼ޶ˣȻƢȥ˼ңҲǶҳҵ档
ϰʮңĿ쵶ն飬Ͼ˳Ļ¡
Ȼеͷۡ
ϯСȭͷнϰ˱ϴţʵǱȥ껺Щûȥȣ㿴ǽ껹ҪҪȥɽģ
ȥɣȥɽסһӣϰˣȥͲþϰ˺һɫҲ˼֡
ϰ˻̫үҲһȥȥׯ֪ͨһ̫ү鷿ʰɾˡ
ϯЦˣ͵ǶϱలһͰ
ϰţûܾ
Ҳȥסһ¾ɩˣȥסˣҲġϰֵ
ǲҲǰŽ
ţǸˡ
ϰ˵ţͷԸһԵĳ裬ɸȥǰϱĽûпգпգ̫̫
ǺݳĽţܶ˼ҵĸӣԸȥҲˣ뵽
ūȥɣ
Ҳãȱһȥ
̫̫Ľţϯﲻòģϰ˰źˣϯ͸֪̫̫ͨʰһͷס
·ݣԽԽȣһȺŮ죬ͳȥ˷ɽġ
ϰ̫үͬһͳóĸŮһϯֵһ
꣬ҪæųޣûҪ鼾ҲûֻҲˡ
ﻹϧϯҪ飬Ȼҿ϶ɽһ¡
ϯﳯۣļ˶٣
߾ʲô޻кüأ壬ܻġ
ǰգ㰢̽ɩ㰢˵£һֻԧԴ
ŲأѾ嵽ԧĲˡ


767 μ7

ϯǺǵЦ㻹õİɣȻҾҪΪҰܽˡ
ҪںģֻǡҲ֪幤ãǸסˣҪ̽Һô
Щû´Ҳϯ弸ѽ
βҰգܳûϱ飬ұȽã
ףӺáнڣȥϯ
ţ취
һӸˡ
Ϊ˽ڼϯЩɽˣ֪ͲģȥĶã
˷ɽһĵȥϯҵ£ҲûȤȥ԰ժˮԣҲûȥӱߵ㣬Ͱ͵ڷɽϴպܲס˼֮飬ϰ˸ǣԼһɽˡ
ϯƼȾˣҡ
ƼȾ˻󣬾ЦŸϯ˵СسǺҲûȥңֱȥ
ѾͷǸƢϯЦ
ȾҲЦ˵ɲôһ·ϸϳߴ˳üΣ޲װϳɹȥ
糾͵ģҲûؼϴϴˣ̫̫֪󣬻ôѵء
ɽ˺ϯڷɽӾ͸徲ˡ
ϰ˺̫үΪ˶徻ȥ˹԰סׯͷֻϯ͹ĸŮڡ
ÿ磬ﶼóϯ˵˵ÿù԰ժĹѹĹҺ
ιˮԡ
˵ǹǱߵˣСʱȥżңž;ˮǳԣر棬˱ˮԺ󣬻ֹȣЧĺܺá
˵Ż᰾ֻ࣬ϧûⷽ츳ûѧңƵŰƵζһûŰƵĺóԣ´࣬Ҹ㳢϶ϲԡ
߰·ݣ͵գʱˡ
氾Ƶֹ࣬õġ
ϯ뵽ȥ궬£ϯԹһأ͵ҿɾˡ
ţʵÿ궼˸ҺҰԣһ԰ֵĶ棬ÿŶҪôƺܶ࣬Ŷˣһӣרġ
ϯͽӿڵǺóԣһȥŵϼƿ
Ҫԣõ˵һС
ϲûʲôӣ͵ϯҲˣʲôöҲǸϯһݡ


768 μ8

ϯԲ𣬶һʱ⣬ûүߣŻϲ˿ӡ
£ֵܹ㣬СֲǺӣʮˣȻһСѾͷȥǻá
ϰȻԹμ˳ȴûϯ
ϰ˵Ҫýȥμף̧ţסڿڲǡ
ǣɽûýŹȥ
Ƹʲôģ㿴죬֮ԽȥڣͶɡ
죿ô죿
ߣ̧ҴĵĴϯɣ
ϰ⻰ϯ붮
ҲϯýȢϲֻһ̧СӣϲӳҺ̧
˱΢ļ޽ҵϲźûλûȨûݣֻһС檵֡
ϯͳ뵱վɽˡ
ڶһ磬ýžȥμңһʼμҲϲ檣ֻүȢϲޡ
ý˵ˣƸΪޣΪ檣ϲͳүûý֮ԣĸ֮˾ڿջԼ˽|ᣬΪϲֻ檡
μͬ⣬˺μҿȥŸҲ£ǣպμңĳˡ
μ֮ƳҪҽ׼ңǽˣμ˾մӦ˳ҵҪ
Ƹ񣬳ֻԵ̧ʮ̧ȥܹҲͼֵҡ
պ󣬳ҵСӣȥμңϲ̧˹
ϲΪ̣ҲֻܴһҺɫļ£ҽӲܴӴŽ룬ǴӺŽ롣
ϲίǣүȻöûУڳҵĵһϣүѹûӡ
ˣϣүϲһߣȴߵһ̺ʮѾ߿
ϲ֪ſڴϿһϡ
ڶգϲίίģȥϰ˸״ϰѹͰû¶ϰ˺̫үڷɽ϶ģû
ϲԼίȥϯ״һתϯȡЦֻðίʽ˭Ҳûߡ
һ磬ϲȥүſڶˡ
ѳүůѾͷͷ
үǧ||ĵСѾߣϲĿ⣬˼УŵСѾۿʱˣҿ޳


769 1

ү״Ͱϲݺѵһ٣ʲô㿴㣬С˼ųʲôˣ
˵ţְС˼§ţ㲻һѣʾϰˣҲΪ
С˼ίӣʵүū澲ںݣֻҪүպܼǵū澣ܶū澣ū澾ˡ
үЦˣС˼ı̺Ҷ꣬Բκܱȵġ
С˼һƬүܳū澣ū澵ĸ֣ū澻ִ֪ġ
ԼѾ˼޵ķȴһҪѾ߱һٯٯ黰࣬ϲ۾Ҫըˡ
ϲ۵һͿˣүôôңýȢýţƸ˻νŵģȺ||ģôң
ǺǣýΪλȥף㲻֪ЦĿ˵ĻĮ飬ײϣ͸߹㣬ȻңǾҪһӱұ׼ϲŸոտʼѡ
ԴҪҳôǺãҾΪҳС檵ζôŸտʼѣܲסˣ
£Ҿͻᶨޣȵ޽źǾ͸ܲס
ϲԣŵĵүǲŸոճףҪȢޣ
ʲôף̧˸˶ѣ㲻Ϊ̧㣬ͲȢްɣһȣȻģ㲻Ȼ̧Ϊ޵ɣ
ϲ¶һ͸˵߷߱飬ǺЦˣϣƾ㲻ҪˣһӾҵޣҿɲҪһͶͱŮҵӵŮİ
˼Ҷ˵ȢȢͣͷ٣ƾ㲻ҪĶһһμͶͱͲһŮӣҳңҪһҪŮϱ
һһҪһһ㣬һһͶͱǶϲ衣
ͨѾͷ棬Ҫ㣬ϲ̨棬ϲãԼѾûˡ
ؿүҡҲǱƲѵģأҲû취Ұ
Ŷˣٸһ£С檵ңǲܵģ㲻뱻˵ĻԺμҶϾȻҲˣҾ͸һ顣


770 2

ϲʹĿҵңôԺǶϾ
ܲڳվסţĲɽô
ûңͻû˸ĸƼһίûΪͷСѾ߻ʲôͬ
ϲ޵ģʵųү㲻ҪңҲɼҼȻѾˣܲܶңءϲģء
ǲҪȻŮ˶˷ſڣġС˼ϲУǱ֮ɫ
СϲһūűĹ߷ѿֲľô뿪Ŀųү¸˵һҶӺòã
֪ΪסСԺӽҶôɿС˼߽¶ħһЦΪƬҶǸԺӣǰҳҶĵطǺǡϲҲס䡣
㡭ô˴ңϲ·һ㣬¡
ߣһֶμҵ۳㣿ǺǡС˼ߣȥգүû蹻㣬ζүϲ
¿޵ϲС˼ȻһأʹŮ{Ц
ϲţֻʹ
֪ԼλججĻҶӡ
磬ο޾ȲŮһŮο޾ŮӣҺ㰢ڼһ磬ҲûȵӰ߰ô£ŮԸȥμң
ֹǲԸ⣬ﰡŮίˣء
ϲίҵ˷йĵض˽ϯ޻Ϳ޵˺ѷΣʹ
ϯļ󾪣ô£ǿޣ㵹˵ҲΪȥָ
ͰǺˣүͲϲңңԹգѹû
ΪңһߵСѾ߽뷿У⼸ϣЪϢԼԺѾ߽̺򣬰ҲģҺôҲýȢȢŵôҲһvūݸ߰ɣ̧һū澣ҵ棬ǰҺ޼ѽ
ϲһ߿ޣһ˵߾ܵί


771 3

ϯŭɡ
Ȼһʼμ˳үˣҲףݣô֮ǰ£ҲӦûΪ񲯰ɡ
ϵĹŮȴҵôֱ̤̫
ǣתһ룬μһڳңܾôȥҳү
ϯӵŭ𣬶ʱʧӰ
ϯ޷Ȱ˵ŮӸճɻ飬ҪĥһӣһӾͺˣһ̡
Ȼִ˲Ԧ֮Ů
ϲһߺ죬Ȼߴĵͷģҡһ취үԲ
ϯ޾ȵŮ֣ĳ£ܲܽɶÿˣֻҪܰȹһؽ٣ҾȰ㰢ٸ㲹һޡ
ϲԣоģһȰ˵үȥңμ顣
ϯĿĴﵽ̵Ļȥˡ
ϲױ̨ǰԸѾ߸һе٣һ֧ױصĽҡһԽΡ
󣬄eһ޺ɫľ
˴֬ü֬ۺϲֻһƯȹȻȥҳүˡ
˵ʲôүڸϣ
ϲһգ̺˵Զš
ϲǻ飬ʱһˮͷġ
үԶţôҲû˵һϲһˮҪ
ӵүг̣ʲôʱҪһｻˣ
ϲ޵ôˣҲү̧ģõһūſң
ӿݴϷƵģͷ͸ӿ˳ӵūûпڲԼݣֲүĵޣүȥõŸ㱨
ϲһ£ֹͣ㡭ҺôҲү㾹ȻҶҲҡ
үڣȥȻүˣūýӲϲȥ
һѣȴڵĸү̫̫ƵģĶô
ϲһ˿𣬻һϣԭһȴûүĻ飬ʱȫӵϷй
ҪӵİӣŵøѾߣæүԺˣҪү֪ˣ϶᲻˵ġ


772 4

ϲһӵȴûܷйȥɫһһףȴҲĴһٰӡ
ҲֻѾӣйһЩŭȻͻҶӡ
ϲ߷飬ûãƼϯǰ
ϯüʵүȥ
ɣǹڶϲ
ƼٺһЦ̫̫μүүȢϲүɲμҡ
үȥ˼ҡһԵȾ˵
ϯ˼μǩŶ
һΣμңڱμһѣӣμҲԶˡ
̫̫μ̫̫ҵݣʼμҺ̫̫ҾͲһ·ϵˣԣү£̫̫ǧe֡
үˣƽʱһ٣ӣʵСۣǳμ϶μŪǾԲݵġ
̫̫֣óүΪѡ
Ͼүİ𾴣İɩǺԣİϣΪѵġ
ϯﹴ˵μҵ£Һθɣ
ûôɵΪһμңү
̫̫⼸գүͻж֮μǻ̫̫Ⱦ
ϯﴹ΢΢䣬֪ͨȥֻҪμҵһɲ
ǣ̫̫
Ƽ̵ȥˡ
պμҵˣһոõվƣȥһ¥ԾʱԾƵ˺Ƚȥ۵ȫ˳
úõ̳СվƣͻȻˮףԭƴŨζҲζ
ԾҳԷ
¥ƹμҵĶˣ̳Сվƣ˻μҵμΥԼҲò⳥¥˫ӡ
μҵҲˡ
ոոûõ絾ɹˣս⣬һӣͺȥ˭֪ݶͻȻ©ˮһˮͰʳʪˡ
ǡǡ˴ģȻû֣μҵ˴ʳ⳥ҵ⳥ʱһʳȻùѿˡ
μׯֵﶹϰĶصﶹŸոճпô̵ģȴ֪ӺδһȺţȫ˸ɾ
μҽӶܵһĴʧһһʵӣͿμҡ


773 5

̫̫ϯ޵Σ˲ȥ䵱ծ
μ׬ӵıīӣҲбһ¿ҵıīˣ벻μңѩϼ˪
ΣϯֻõŰݷŮ
ǣΣõĴ𰸶ǳڸۡѾԶš
û취ϯֻüϲϲȥϰˡ
ϰ˻ڷɽ϶ûôȥѽϲҲû취
ڶûͳԲҺüӰû
ҵ˶֪ܳ裬ҲˣڳһλҲûУ˶
ڶҳҶԺţ±һūűӡ
ϯæϯأ㲻ȥϰˣȥϯɣڳҵļ¶ϯһƹܣȥǱõķϣæҲһ
ϲô˼Ŀȥϯ
𣿡
ѵˣЩǶô۸һ˵𣿡
˼ңô飬ϯﶼûְһѣãμҶȹѹأ
ϯҲ֪ܣǣϣܱûϣðɣ
˵ϯǰͳҶ̫̫ͣ밡ȶ̫̫ˣǲǻĹܼȨʱϯһϱﶷĹҶ̫̫ǣӦôμҶȹѹأʹӦպһܼȨ
ԴӦϯһԸ̫̫
ϲôУⲻܣҡҲŲҪأ˵̫̫ǸˣгүΪҸҪԣҰͽֶԸϯﻹ࣬ҲŲҪϯֶԸ̫̫
ԾһעҪʧܵĶĲ֪䣬ΪλҪȥ
ֲɵ
ϯʧѵҲμң
룬ҲȥϯҲȥҲϯ֣ϳڸ
ʱĸŮ˷·ϯﲻȥᣬҲǳ˳ĵڸ
ϯ޸ʧĿŮμҰСֻμȥϯҲԸ﾿ûμң
㲻Ҫҡϲ޿Ŀ޵һǵүȥүүһμҵġ
㻹벻𣿡ϯ޺۾ŮΪǼΪλӶķô飿


774 ϲ1

һΣ˵ùˣΣ˵ɺϣΣĴΣǾΪμӣ˭ҲûΨ˳үμѩϼ˪ĴǱɵģǳүʹɵġ
˵һʼμҵ˻û֣ǣμҲҵӶ֮μ˲òɣʹ
μ˵һɵľǳү
ΪֻгүôͣܶμôĲҵһ֡
μңҲֻеүһȨô͵ˡ
ʱʣμ˳ү󣬺󲻺ڣϯһ˵ڲ
ǣûлͷ
ȥˣõĻ
μʧǣϲ޸үôˣȻûܺͳүԲ˵үġ
ԭ㣬ϲסү֮ϲͷ磬תΪޣǣЩҲֻǻ룬ƾүμҵĺ⣬ϲǺõġ
ϲƴҡͷ͵૵ܵģүΪҪμңûǿҵңԺĿɽүΪҪٵ
ǲǲ´ˣԵ޹ʣүμʲôϲɽ·ĺƵģ޵ر
һǿҵĲУһɲ֮һһĿ
ϯ޵ôԵ޹ʣμүүμҵı㻹𣿡
ҪμҵͶ·ľأϯ޻μҵĲ²Ůڣȴò˵ԴŮǵ롣
ڣΨϯܾμңȥΣֻϧϯﲻңȥһԣϯԸ㡣
ϲʵĿϾǱˣ֪ģκһ˵ͷУΨԸϯͷСܹҶٵ۸ͷң
ϯˣǰǸӣ۸ڵģǵģȥҲǰװһ衣
ϲţȥϯϯֱޣȥһԺôμܲܶȹһѹأȫˣ㵱ʱΪ˰ϯһͷһΡ
ѵҪ㲻ɣ
ϯ˵ţҪϲűӣ˵ϯǰȹ£ãȥȥô


775 ϲ2

̫̫
ū˵̫̫˯ߣ˵кҪҪ̫̫

ϯ޺ϣһӼǣĽζ
ūȥߡǷǷ
ţ׺ȥ˵eǰȡ衣
ǡ
ȥ
ϲУϯҪתĻһ߷߲ѡ
ϧԺſڣﻹȥҴһҶӡ
ҶӵȵĽֵϯޣˣӭȥеʵϯô˵
ô˵˼涼Ҽϲ߷ߵĶ˶ţѾߴ˵Һ͹ϵãȥãμҳô飬Һңϯ磬ϯᰱǶﲻæΪηҪȥһԸǵˣ
ߣˣμҳ£Һ㰢һȥľңȴȥ˰£˵Ϊұһοƿիһ죬ߣ֪ڶء
Ƕ̷أҲŲͰô
̷ȥٰǣһڶμءϯ˪һ˿ɫͲҪƳү£ԣϯ᰻ºĵڶգ̺Ͷ̷뿪˺ݳǡ
ϲ߷߲ƽ̺Ͷ̷Ҳ̫ɶˣҳ£μҶаæμҳ£ȴμҶȹνѣͶ̻Ǳߵֹ̫Ӳŵˣʵ̫˺ġ
ڻ˵ЩʲôãϯĨĨڵˮҪľôүμˣүٲ֣ͣμֻҪˡ
Բ𣬶ŮûáϲͰ͵Ŀţ˵ϯᰱ޵ҲҴܲܰﵽμң
ҵݣǳҵ£ҪμңҲײ֣ҿɲΪμңΨóֹͣμңμһһ˿ϣ
ϯŮ֣Ȼϯﲻ㣬ȥϰˣ
ϯѹϲ߶˼ϲЩսսĵַϰ˼һ棬ǡ
˶˵ϰһʴȵˣȥӦ㡣


776 ϲ3

հջϯҪԸѾ߰ƼͼҴҵǰү̫̫ˣóˡ
ϰôˣ
ʲô£
ϯͳʵ˫˫ֵǡ
Ƽ˵ϰˣϰ˲Ȼòߣϰ˾ӸߣȴһͷײԶԱߵһϣ˵ϰ˲ײԺſڡ
ϯɫʱһƬ
ӴҴҸϵá
ϲײͷѪȴûιȥԺſڲߡ
ϰɫ࣬Ҫǳϲţֻϰ˶Ҫվס̱ڵϡ
ϰָϲŭøμҶңãáҵҪμҿҵ³Ρ
ϰǺƣҲɵ
ҲȥԵ±Թ
˼ҶƵԺſڣԵ±Թɵӣʥĸ
ϰֱӷԸӣϲȥ
ǣ˭Ҫϵʯשײ˵ϰ˲Ӧμңվײſڡ
ŵһѾǶҿ
ɫȵײղײպҳҲݲ
ģˡӶϱϰɫÿһЩأ֪ͨøݳȥ
ϲвϰ˰μңû뵽һ˵ϰ˾ȻײϣвҪˡ
ϲﲻǲܵġ
ǣѾߵһˣֻҧȥһ·ߵڣȻղһײͰײˣ
μңѾ˿̲ݻء
ϰˣҪߣҲǱƲѵģϴȴ󱯣;ȾμҰɣˣҡ
һ̧ͷöϳ˫ӣϲŵÿ޺ȻֹɷѩҶ
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ϲоΣʶҪܿʱȴƣá
ϲ£ȾңҡأҲҪҡҴˣҲвϰˣȾҡ
ﻹиղǲҪȥײײصļƣµứ£һİϯ
ϯﵭ롣
ȻԸƼȥͷô£
ôѪֺֿսôôԾ


777 ϲ4

ƼմһϲͷϵѪҺţȻӰϲͷѪɾ¶һ⻬ĺ覴õĶͷ
Ƽʱŭˣ̫̫ǼѪѪĶͷûˣڸϰϷء
áһμңϷݵˡ
ϰ˻˼ʮ꣬ͷһμôҪˣңҪҪƤŮˣСӵ
ϰԸ裬ȥҶӣļױʰģдһ飬˰ļױѾһͻμȥ
ҪҲҪμңϰˣ㣬Ҫңһ·ɣϰˣҡ
Ƽ룬ѨȻȥҶӡ
ѾߣҲȥҶӡ
ûãԽϲȥμҡ
һ־磬žʹ˱Ļ
ϰϯ֣̾һ˵Ұͻμң᲻Ѫ飿
ᣬһУμҾȡμҲȣҲԹóҲں
£ίˣμĿĲҾѹҪСμˣ塭ˣ鶼ȥˣֻϣμҳһǵܳһǣҪ¡
ȻҲưոݡ
ϲҹȥμңڶգϯ޺δүȥϯͬϯͬΪмˣμҵǸ
ֱţϯͬһܶ͵͵ӿڶأϯͬͽͷ
ϯͬŲò
δүϯ޵Ҫϯͬͬ⣬ϯֵ˰ʱ˲ٿֵˡ
ϯͬҲˣָϯ޵ı˵μ䵽һزܣȡǲģȥƳүȳүȢŮڳүŮ㲻Ĵ죬ұȥƳ𣿡
ְμ̰ˣƭ˻ȴòҵ飬һ飬Ȼ˵μ£ңҰﲻˣҲûô꣬׬ӣǼңǲҵõˣе¾͹鷳ֲǷǵģƾʲôרΪǲ|ƨ|ɣ
ϯͬİμǵ¶˳μҲûϷȥ
ϯ޺δүˡ


778 ϲ5

緹ʱϯյϢμҰˣӣȫ⳥˾¥
μһһׯǧֻСУǷùѿʳμȥɹɺ󣬾ͳСеʳ
ׯϱ̣ׯڣҲȫˣﶹ
֮μް취ʩչ֮£ֻӣһԺϰĶˮչ⳥ӣҵң⳥Ӷ˼ҡ
μҵ£ƽ֮μӾʹϲţǸˡ
̫̫Ⱦ߽㱨ŷμ⣬μ˽μڴſڲߣʱˣֻ´ȥǳá
μţ޷Ҫϲͻȥүүϯﲻμ˴󽻴ͰƸ˳ү
ڳϲĵڶջġ
õ˵󣬾͵ȥμˣھݣμʣĲҵһڣһȫա
μںݳǣңҵ٣һСֺϻʣһ󲿷֣һȾӣׯӣݳǻһլӡ
ЩҵúôҲ㹻μһ˻ĺúõء
ˣүĻδүδүҲүĵߣϯ޺ϲˡ
ϲ޿үˣҲȥһ棬Ҳôңҡ
졣δүŭȵүԺ󶼱ˣǲˣҪĵ˵סүģԳүƵ˼¹ף̫ԸˣμΪ޴ѾһǮƣǵųүǺãߣ֮󣬾Ҳμҵˡ
үϯɫɷףǣŮ֣۾ȴδүôҲΪμңֺαس𣿡
ߣҿΪԼ㿴Ķүȥˣôգ˼ȴķŶṳ̂ȥһ
һ룬μұȳүȢϲߵһ塣
ͲϲĻ󣬻ȥƳү
ϲ߷ѿίȴ˵ڣֻ˽ϯ޵Ļؿ
ϯŮ͵Ů㲻ۣۣԺ㲻ҪְҲܡ


779

μҽһ֮Ҳǳҡ
˰Ѯҳĺ˳ع飬һ
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ֱǰһգڻˣʮϡ͸ϯ
ˮǱߵŮˣѷֱӿͷϾУرƯ
һ߸ϯһһɫˮͿϯϣɫĹâ
̫̫̫ⷢˣȱʯҪҫۡƼ۾ֱˣ̫̫ūҲҪȥ򼸸ķ
ϯɫһķǄeĶֻҪƼڣϯﶨ᲻͡
ⷢǳģת͸ѾߣҲ᲻á
ʳ룬һΣ˻˶ַ
뵭ɨһƼ˵СͶʮˡ
ţү֪ġ
ƶ
ǵϯﴽ꣬һȥĶȫˣһ߼ۣ׬ӣĹһܷķûûҪӣҸ㣬ǹǶ׬ӡ
ǮǮϯȻĺܡ
ϯ￴һǾ֮ɫǡʱĶ
ţ˽ӣ룬ʱ롭
ϸĸߵϯʱ룬Ƿ룬ǵ˻ļ֣붼һһĸϯ
ϯѧ˺ð죬ſʮּסˡ
֮󣬳óһ黳ϯﲱϣһСӱҲǿʱõģʹһ
һ˫Ƥѥӡ
ܸߣܴϥ棬ϥǹǰͷ
ƤӺ滹һװ׵ëŷǳů͡
գŮ˶Ьӣ洩һܼ򵥵ȹӣŮ˵·ⷿҲУÿҾûи
ϯһŮ˵·ʮֺ棬ųգһҹۡ
ţգҴȥ䣬ϲʲôҸʲôһ
ϯЦŵͷȥһСӡ
Ҳʱ룬ʮ֣ҲӱǷڶ౦ϵģ
Ƿڴ߼ϵģӣʱ졭{
ùӣ̵ϯô


780 1

˸ӱ⣬뻹һ̨дź֣ܶһЩֵĲ廭ͺܶʶ֡
Ҳʶֻ֣ʶЩ֣극ٽϣЩֺܺϡ
ֵֹ֣򱻳ˡ
ϯЦⱾ̨ãҪ͸ȥԱ࣬ӡ
Ҳãһһ͹ȥãҽʶ֡
Ͱ̨ŵһߣַԸѾ߰ĶڷڻϯĲϡ
ȳ˷Ӿȥһãϰ˿̨ʮָˣĸѧ漸ʮ֡
˹ұϯ
һŮһ
̫̫ѻа˸£Ӵ·ʱԼĽż⣬ÿ극ɢʱүԲģÿζҪľһء
ϯԸ׼һѿʵ̫ʦθ̫̫ϣһ棬ó̫̫Щ
̫̫ĵչˣ̧ͷϯЦǵܵ
⼸գԽԽܣ̫ӲˣĺܲͦŶһֱߣҲ۵Ļţ֮иʮּѣԽٵԤգԽ
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³ǺݳĽţֽĺûǧҲͰ˰ٸͷһٸĺˡϰ˵
˵³ӣֿϯûзԸ³һϯ
УѾ͹ȥˡ
ţǾͺãܽ߼³ӽģʱŶʮ꣬ȴӶҪá
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³һգҪˣ³ֻӣȴûһŮ
ϰ˵⣬ϧ̾һϢ
ڹ꣬ʮһգճŲãͼҴҵĻˡ
ϯﻹȣôˣǲʲôûã
ǡ
ѾǶǲȥСϱңɫصĸƽҵˡ


781 2

ʲô
ϯﾪɫЩţǻ
룺Ҹճţƣ֪ͨȥһˡ
ϯæǿȥ
˶٣ĻŻŵĵ룬˵ͻȻǲҪ˵ģ
ҪˣҲסͻȻСϱӵ뻳Уıţ£Һƽ˱Ͼ㰢׾ˣ㰢Ӧ֮ǰҲӲ
ƽҪһ̳˼̳ҵļҵ𣬿ɲģġ
Ǹǻǻ㲻
ܻҺƽˣףǽ˼ȻˣǾͱܲ㲻ӲˣǾҪԡ
ʱϯͳڸϵ
ûݣİһİ˵
˺ܶѰ˴ϱҲûѰˣͰҲû뵽̾Ȼᱻ˲ںݳǡ
ڣﰢӹӲʣǵȵһ졣
磬ҲӦø˲ǣڵ֪Ҳܸ˵ϻҵġ
ݣϯͬһİ˵֣۾ģһ仰Ҳ˵
ԷҲЩϴЦϯͬУҲУҳĺϯͬơ
ٲ飬һǵĳ࣬ܿݡ
ϯ߽ȥһֿһЩϣ
λǡ룬ô㣿
˾Ȼʶ룬ҿʱʮ;ȣȻԷ֪ϯͬŮ
ԶԷЦЦү
Ұǣ
ϯŮ뵭
ү۾˲ɵϴȻЦǣȥȻһˣҰ֪϶ҲˣŶˣֶŮܽ޸ҶڿҲϼס
ֻϯͻүһԱãȴͳֶһ壬һȢֶŮ˱֡
ϯͬһ˾ȻŮʶ׵˾ͲǼٵģģǾ˾˺ĸˡ
һգãΪ⼸¶Ȳˣ˾˺ĸǲݡ
û뵽ν䵭ʱĸĶӾȻˡ
ϯܼܸͬˡ
һˣȻĵڻ˼


782 3

˽Һƽ״ģŻү˵˻󣬾˸ڣŻүȥ˻԰һͤ˵
үȻѾˣҲˣӶ۳֪ƽǸʲô˼
Ϸ˺ƽͶˣǵ֪ںݳǣԹ׵ģүλ˾ܲס·ĵûλ˹
󣬾飬ǻү˼٣Ըݳһˡ
үüߣ룬ұŮҲ㣬Ұ˵һӣܵһ̳ãһһҵѪҲС
ֻϧҰֻһӣҲܣֻһӣȢôȫŮ¶ҰͰеź
Ҷӳ׺ǾŶϱܶӣҲùһҼ̳𣬿ǰЩӣҰԽˣѾȲˣǵ鵽ĸӵ䡣
⣬ҲҾ󡣡
Ҹݳ֮ǰ˾Ѿ룬ҪϯΪӣϯ蹡Ϊƽү
鹫һֱԼûΪҵһü̳𣬶ҵڣƽ
ˣڵ֪ϯϯ蹵Ĵں󣬳鹫Ϊƽ䡣
ϣǳ鹫ֶ鹫ڣҲʹһ˳ˮ顣
ˣڻүﺼݳǵʱ򣬾Ǳߣ϶׼ƽʥּ͵ƽ
ڣϯҾ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳòͬ¡
ϯܾǾǿּ
ɫʱһƬҪ̣Ҳǡ
ǲûʱ䣬Ұ˵һգһӣͻȻ䣬ϣǲʧȥ˼ҵԸҲ£Ͱ˼ǰ˵ûɡ
ү֪£Ĳص
ϾҪ˼ҵĶӣû˼˵һ˼ҲˣҲӦġ
ֻǣѳɶ֣ɲּܿ𣬲ȻϯΥʥּƽȲϯһˡ
˵£ʵ
үʱưˡ
ô꣬˵˻˵ȴûȥ˶ӵ¡


783 4

밡£Ҫмһ£óóȻڣϯͬ᲻ͬ⡣
㰭ʥּϯȥǣֻպϯ蹺ϯҲԹǡ
Ҫϯ蹣ɲΪ˺ϯҽ𣬶Ҫ׵ġ
󣬳뿴ڻүһεķϣӲͷƤϯͬ¡
ϯͬʵ㶣ȻߣǲᣬҪ̣Ҳ˵һɣ
ˡ
Ǹòǿ˰蹣׵İɣϯͬı۵µ
˵˺ƽǻ֮ˣôҲǲѶΪ֮ƽǰ岻ãԼȥ̽ԣŻ֮ǰ¡
ϸϸϯͬҲͬͨҴ壬оλƽҪ͵ͬ⣬У蹳ҵӺҪ̳ƽľλҲƽӣͬ⡣
Щ£һһ
ƽͲСˣֲһ˲٣ҲǵԼһһԼЩҾͻ
ˣкȥ¼ҵڣ
ϯͬŲӵҲô£蹿ҶӣҶӣҲ˵һ
ⲻڸôʵ蹹̵ȥѪģģҲ˵̵ȥͲһˣԺ󣬰蹺ǣˡ
ˣǣҲܺҰˡ
һ뵽պϯ蹼Ҳֻܺˣϯͬ͸һʯͷסƵģܵҪ
˶СӣѾ˼˺üСӣȻĪͳ˱˼ҵĶӣôȥܣ
ϯͬܲˡ
ϸӽܲˡ
Էϵ֪СӾȻ˱˼ҵĺ󣬾ͱϯһֱޣ޵ϯҲһޡ
ϯҲͰ͵ģһĨᡣ
ϯҲʳϯ蹵һֻ֣š
Ｘһӡ
ǣ޵ģϯ蹻Ҫȥ˼ӣ˵үݳʱƽͽȥϵʥּȥˣֻʥּҲˡ
蹰᲻ߣǰĸηΰϱϯ蹣޵ĶҪιȥˡ
С蹿޵ҲҪȥ˹ңҲҪȥƽʲôүҾҪŰӣһŬ飬һϯҿȡһ״Ԫҫ鹣㲻Ҫߺòã


784 5

Ӵˣ᲻Ҷ
ϯԽǿޣԽǹɶ£Խ᲻á
ץϯ֣޵취ܱܲѰߣƾʲôҶӣҪȥҡ
ϯóӣΪϲ˲ᣬǾ˹û뵽ʥּȻǾ᲻ãҲòȥǣǻϵʥּϯΥá
ƽͷϰն֪ΥʥּɱͷĴ
ȻǴóҲ֪ϵʥּΥãȻҪһ˵
϶ʱѹ˵Ű蹣֡
˻Ҫںݳסգ˵λȥҪǶȥǿôȱģʰȺȥ˵Ҫʵ᲻ð蹣Ǿȥһլӣһȥһξǣ̽蹡
۾һھլӣ
ھһլӣ밢ˣͿʱȥǿ蹣
ģգѪҲģţӸգͻòˣ
ͻòˣ
ţӰ蹣ɲ֮ˡ
Ȼԣ׬˲أÿȥլӣڸڣһҲһ
ȻֵǰȥǶ飬ҲúͰһƽ˰蹣˹϶ʱ򣬾˹Ϊ̵ѧҵҲԸһѧմ蹵Ĺ⡣Ӵˣ᲻Ҷ
ϯԽǿޣԽǹɶ£Խ᲻á
ץϯ֣޵취ܱܲѰߣƾʲôҶӣҪȥҡ
ϯóӣΪϲ˲ᣬǾ˹û뵽ʥּȻǾ᲻ãҲòȥǣǻϵʥּϯΥá
ƽͷϰն֪ΥʥּɱͷĴ
ȻǴóҲ֪ϵʥּΥãȻҪһ˵
϶ʱѹ˵Ű蹣֡
˻Ҫںݳסգ˵λȥҪǶȥǿôȱģʰȺȥ˵Ҫʵ᲻ð蹣Ǿȥһլӣһȥһξǣ̽蹡
۾һھլӣ


785 1

ϯһˣһ֮󣬵ľǡ
˾Ǻϯһ˲֪ԭƽ͵ϵĹ̺ƽүӣϻûʥּû
ү󾪣һϯͬһ˵ƽ˸ӣʲô˼ôû
˵˶ûţӣ̫ϷкϹأ̫ļѵĶԡ
ƽ˵ţеĿϯͬһˣ۾΢죬Ѱǰ뱲ӣү㿪ˣͷڰ֮ǰܼǡ
ˡϯͬӯӲϣժõһ׹֮ʣҵġ
ǣʮʱĸ͸׹öУʮʱĸ͵ģ׹棬֡
׹һ㣬ƽứ¡
û뵽㾹Ȼȥ硭ָûãֱڲҵǣʮ꣬˵Ͳˣָð
ͷ׵ˣȻ޵ĸƵġ
ʮĳ鹫һӺݻ󣬶ׯţ˼ʮϰ޵˺ѷΣ鹫Ҳᣬ߹ȥοĸ׵֪֪һãҲ˵ģǰ֮Ҳȥݼˣ˵ڵѾ˵ĸףͲҪˡ
飬ѹôᣬ͡
֪㲻ùԼ۵˫֣ϵ׹պģǺúôѪԲ⼸ʮǷ۰
ţ˵ĶԡܸοѾ˶꣬һֱȥУβ
úú룬ӣζԴõѪ
оǡ
ƽվϯͬϯϯֵܶˣ۾иУ|ȵĿ⣬ŵС蹶ڸ󣬲̧ͷ
ӣһһǶĺӣãܺãⶨŴѪ
ƽԽԽ⣬ϯͬôյǣ·ϱһ£϶ˣȰϢһգһҪ顣
ϯͬתͷһϯ蹣ԥһ£ǹĵһӾ˸š
ϣƽ˼ϯΪϯͬһ˾ٰ˽ӷϴ硣


786 2

գ緹󣬻Ϸ˴һˡ
Ϸ˼ϯͬ˺òƵϯϯҲһ
˾һ֮¡
ƽ飬С蹸ҡ
£˵᲻ãҾӣһǸҵһۣҡ
鹫˵᲻ãҪô죬ҵҪ̳УȻ֮Һͺүôȥҵڣ¶ңãûΪү¸һӰŮ¶ҰȴҪΪһˡ
鹫˵ţ۾죬Ҫᡣ
ƽ㣬eޡֿϣϱҲˣģϯƽұػ
ˣϻ᲻á
ҾܾҲֻܾܾᡣ
Ϸ˿һҲϯͬ磬Ȼͬϱ᲻ãβֱӹͬ£һ˾Ͳ÷ֿˣϯϯֵ܂zܸ
ҵһУһУͶһҲͲٵһ᲻ٶ
ƽһ㶣ʶĿϯͬȻ۾⡭ͬͬ⣿
˵ʵڵģ̶ӣҪȹӼ򵥡
Ϊϣ汲һһӣġ
ɵһ˲㡣
ֱӹӣҪ¼£һҪϲ㣬ֱӾӣӲϡ
ǹ̶ӣֱ£ҵϾòŶϲ㡣
鹫Ҳѽϯ蹣ֱӹͬҾжˡ
үȥݳ֮ǰǾ͵ϯҵ£ȷϯͬһǵ֮󣬲Żɻүǰȥס
ǵ鵽ͬһϯҹӿɲôãܾϯҴһ˵裬ǸϯһЩôϯͬߣϯҴҲ᲻Ӧ
ϯͬһ±ơ
˵Сӵôô˵ˣ
̣ܸģ
ǿϯͬϵʣƽҵݸϵĹӣϻû˵ǿǵƭǣϯϯò֪Ѫףһˣˡ
˵дõ׹ΪףԴˡ
˸˵̰蹵ʥּûϯͬһǡǲ


787 3

ͬȻʥּûĿҵʹ˶ˣܲʣϷ˽ضϵϯͬҪ̵ܾĻ
ɫĵǴҲҾô𡣡
ͬͿȥĸ׷ϣһѡ
ĸףҵճŮҵҲΡ
Ϸ⻰һϯͬʱԼǸİܾĻʱ˵ˡ
Ϸ˵᲻ϯ蹣Ǿ͹㣬һԺھǺˡ
ϯôҲòϯͬ
οϯֻͬϯһܳӣֻҪǸϯҺôϯҾͲ᲻ϯ̵ͬ
ƽͳ鹫˫˫ϣȵĿϯͬϣͬ⡣
ϯͬĿڣ·𱻶һʯͷ㣬Щѹ֣Щܣֲľܾ
ͼҵٻҲ̰ͼҵȨƣС󣬾ͨͨСϰգϣһһƽƽԱ㣬úùӡ
ڣͻȻ䰢ˣţҪ̸ԣĶӡ
Ǿûˣ
ˣС̣£һܲһ£ϯͬһò⣬ʹ˵
ƽͷԸˣһ˴ȥһƫ
˺ϯͬͶϵһӣǹ̸ңûˡ
үˣϯҵϣû֣Ҳ¡
ϵţﲢûϯҵףԣﲢϯһû׵С̡
ϯͬҲˣû£Ҳûڳ£ֻϯ¶һӡ
ϯͬɫһ㶣Ҳ¡
ϯͬҡ
ү¹һ˽һӣ㣬᲻ð̰蹣᲻ð蹣ͷҲΪءϰ̾Ҳ֪ôá
ϯ̵ͬһƱصھǹӣϯ˺ݳǣ⾩뺼ݳôԶһ˾ǣҪټŮһˡ
ϯҵǾãҹ̰ȹ̰蹺ãͰͲ뿪蹣ңҲõģүϰ˶Һأڳңίңǣɴ˲ӣҺүھլӣպÿϾһˣǡ


788 4

룬ĴھլӣϾϲ
ͷţǰ㡣
ȻլӵӣСϱá
СϱӣСϱ׬㻨Ǯˡ
뿴ĸĸҹ̵£ڱУǲʹӦƽҾã̰蹣᲻ãǾͲҲûôУҳ棬ΪƽޣٰѰ߰蹼£ϯԺĺѡһϯ£𡣡
ϯͬ϶һۣ˫˫޳ɳķӡ
ϯͬЦ̱ˣ˵ڣΪƽ֮£ͬ⣬Ҳûھܾϯһ̰Ľֻ֮ҪЩôͲܾ¡
Ҳ̰ͬϯ蹴ĵ
ϯҲ˫޳ɣΪǵİһ˻һһҲ÷ֿӡ
ֻǣһ뵽ϯкܶĲᡣ
һ˾ҪھǣغݳǵӾˣӣҲˡ
Ҳֻʱģȹ꣬ˣȢǾͿһ
շԣҲͼǰӣɽܸøӡ
Ǻã£ôˡϼӶͬˣҲ˫޳ɡ
ǰϯϱʱܾϯҴһ˺ϯҴ̼ҵ裬ﱻΪƽޣҲϯҵϱϣҲñϯҴ󷿵ѹš
ŶԣӦҵϱˡ
һ뵽ͷϻһţһүĵЩ
Ҳ֪үľĶԲԣ
ȻˣǾ͹ȥ߰˹˼Ҿõȡϯ
һ˾ȥ˻
ƽ֪ϯͬӦ˹̺󣬸˵Цĺϲ£졣
ϯͬûҪ󣬵һҳ棬Ϊϯƽޣڶǰ蹺Ͱˣǵеһϯ¡
ƽ̾㲻˵£ҲڹʱϯҵĵճŮܸһСС̻ޣίĸס
ֵĸ׵ģȰ蹰ˣԼѡһ¼ĸ¾ǡ


789 5

̵飬ĺ˳׵ĵ磬ƽ볤鹫ͽȥˡ
ϻʱ⡣
Ǹյãϵʥּ͸ˡ
һʥּһվʥּ׼ƽҪϯ֮ͬ£ڶʥּǷϯͬͬΪƽү
ʱϯͬͳƽү
ŶԣӦͬ
ͬʱʥּڿӱ޵ݳǵϯҴ󷿡
һºϯҴͻȻӵʥּ󣬷֪ϯͬȻͬһʥּϯҳһݹҡ
һʥּϯҽΪƽޡ
ʥּһ£ݲϯҷԡ
ʥּĹල֮£ϯҵվó䣬дϯֵԱߡ
һķĹҲǨƵϯķĹԣ޶ͬѨ
ô£סϣϵ֪˶ȻϯƽޣҶ˵ķĹҲǨƵһͻȻ˫һˡ
ھǣ鹫ȥһһҵϯĸŮˣͻȻһ죬ӵ˺ݳǴϢ˵ĳʱĸŮ˻˺ð죬Ǹ۸ǶĳϣȻôȥˡ
ôԵ޲ϯҶһ˵ˣôͻᱻأ
ϣСͬ߶
ͬϯҵ£ˣպϯҵ£Ƕٹˡ
̺󣬻һôǾܹĺϯҴһѪϾϵ
Ͼ͵һΪҪǣȥݳǣϯ˺һ²ܳأû뵽ŵһ֮ˣȻֱ˻ϣʥּ¾Ͱˡ
ʡ˲顣
ҪûʥּϯҴ󷿿϶ôͬΪƽޣҲϯ̵ͬ
˵Ȩƺã£ֻҪһ仰װɡͬиŵ
һƽٰһ磬ʹȫǵ˶֪ƽҵճŮĶӣһӡ
һ£ƽͬ蹣˺ͳ룬鹫ʹϺϯĸŮˣͷȥѼμӸָᣬͬһܾ뾩ѫҴС
ҵİæϯͳҲھԸһĽլӡ


790 ̫̫

̫̫̺Ͷ̫̫
һգϯòûμӣڼúЪϢЪϢɸճ緹Ƽͽ
ϯ΢΢üЩãֲܲ͵Ǵȥһȥ
լ˺󣬼򵥵һ£ϯͰᵽԼס
ĵڶգ̫̫ʹӳܽõϢ󣬾ʹųܽϯ
ʱϯóţûڼң̫̫һա
գ̫̫ţÿζ˿ա
գϯڼû˿ա
ԣڼϯ󣬳̫̫ɫһƬﻹĵĵƽĵŮݲһˣѧ˰ڼӣżΣһ棬ɱȼϷ˻Ҫѡ
ﻰⶼڷϯݣͰڼӣȻϷ˰ڵļӻ
ϯЦɩ⻰˵ģÿţҲûݰô֪ҪܲΪ㣬ڼţȥҹ̰ɡ
鹫һ̧̫̫ʱһء
̫̫ĵã沣һˣ츰磬ôҲŶɩȥɩڼﶼеķù
ĵûûҪҪ϶ɩ
ǳ̫̫ϯĿġ
үƷԱ
ְںݳһĴָһƷƷƵľǣƷԱҲĹ٣ҳҵļھҲ㲻ѫҡ
ԣ̫̫˾Ǻ󣬾ƵƵϸֺһЩˣˣһƷƷٷˣϸӰͽϵ̫̫ǡ
ɰͽ˺ü£̫̫ѾŬҲûܴ뾩һȦȥ
ó̫̫ŭǣϯ˾ǣѴ֮ʹ˾һҵȦУĽĺۡ
Ǻ̫̫ƵƵϯϯϯ뾩һҵȦȥ
ϯ￴۵Ұĵĳ̫̫ЦɩҲԸһȥѫҾٰᣬйصģģ˭涼д֣Ĳˡ
ɩھǵҲˣҲӦ֪һЩѫҴٰĹǲ
̫̫ڨڨĳ˳ǡ
Ȼ֪ϣϸӰͽЩǺü£ȴǱ⡣
ÿÿͽ˼ʱܾ˼ұĳ档


791 

ϸӰͽ˼ңܾ˼ҵĳ棬ɻûܴ뾩һҵȦȥ
̫̫ƤЦⲻЦĵҲ˶ģοƾƽճŮݣҪȥСһ׮˵ĵݵԸȥҸ㶪
̫̫˵
ϯһױҵˡ
ϯĵͷţǲԸȥȻ沣ɹϵȴôã뵱߸ϣȻҵҵķ䣬ӡλСεңǵĹϵûõЯȥμĵز
㡭̫̫ɫ䣬û뵽ϯﾹȻܲ棬¡
ǰһһȵϯȥԱӡڳϳôĳ
ڣ
϶Ȼ¶ֺõЦ㣬ǶǹȥˣʲôʱҲ֪ܼ޸ģΪϱ֪ҲͲ㣬Ƕһˣһ˲˵һĵãҲھǰ²ţô˵һʿд
ɩ˵Ķԣǰ£һʹϯˬӦ£ĵ׶Գ̫̫ļɵȴδɹ
̫̫죬ǰһɱˣһ˽ֺͷĻɲͨŮġ
ǣĵã
ɩ˵£ǸҰ첻˼ҵᣬҲܴȥƽᣬʱҵҹ̣һ
Ǿллĵˡ
ֻҪܲμһᣬʱҲܽύˣֻҪύ˹ˣպ󣬻õ̤һȦô
̫̫ﵽĿģͷʮָˣʣ֪ƽʱٰܾ᣿
ϯƽһƬ÷֣ѾССĻٹգ÷ˣٰ̻һ÷磬ʱѫҵСͷǲμӡ
ѽǾͿˣ÷ˣֻҪٹգȫˡ̫̫һ뵽գҲܼ뵽ѫһ׹ݵľۻȥͼ˵ĺ޲صУúÿմʲô
İܸܲҲҪһһԵĳܽϯŵȴżˡ
ܽǻҴүϲһ檣ҴĹأûһ˾ٰۻᣬȥһμӵġ


792 ܾ

ٰᣬΪĳܽûʸμӣ˵˼ҵᡣ
ԣϯΪˡ
ƽ̫̫ΪҺҲףƽٰᣬ̫̫μӣ˵ùȥ
ǣһ
ή˺ĵΣ͡
κһˣԸһһμᣬǶһΪ޵Ĺǵ衣
ҲˣܽҪϯһΪ֮ɫ󣬾ܾȥŲҰ㣬ĸҲܴȥȻĸûȥǾ㲻ȥԣ̣ҲΪңҰȥ̣ҲӦ
̴СܵϿĽ̵عأΪҼ仰ƻעһӵĹأҲΪ㣬ù̵й͡
ܽһʧĵͷˣİΪѣҲȥǡ
̫̫Ůһѹӣϯ˵ĵã£Ĳͨͨڣ
ܡ
ϯϾܾ
òװѳ̫̫ĸŮ˺ϯҲһƣ˯һʱѾ硣
Ƽүˣ鷿ү˵
˶٣ֵū澽ȥͲˮʱ˶үҺʹ̵֡
ү˳ܽǺ޳ܽһֱԳܽ䵭һ¶̤ܽԺһҲˣܽڻҵӹĲá
£ǳܽͳ̫̫ϸģԣȻүԳܽãܽҲпѿҸүˣ
ܽҲֻҸ̫̫Թ䡣
ǣԹĶˣ̫̫Ҳû취ֻԩԼүĶ粻ס
̫̫үǲүŴȥҳѽƼǵĲ²
ϯǺЦ׵ȥңΪԼŮָȴʹүȥ棿
İɣû£үүȥүڶء
ǡ
Ҳ²⣬Ƕ̫̫ȥ˵ʲôˣүżҴү״ˡ

̫̫Ĳ²⣬Ĳ²⣬ʮǧﰡ
Ƽɣ̫̫ǴӦ˶̫̫״
ϯ絭˵ЩˣһжҲ㡣


793 ̰Ĳ

ô죿Ƽˡ
ģүֲɵӣү˵ʲôʲôˣ
οģ벻Ϊѵ
ϯ˿ģױ̨ǰİ٣ƼϻҳΣݸģõķС
ȾһݺõĲˮ̫̫үˣС˵ߵʱɫÿүˡ
Ƽӿڵ϶ү̫̫ү߾ͱˡ
ǣСүȾ˵ʲôտڣͿ̤˽
ѾæǷ
ڰ֣ʾ⼸˳ȥ
ֻʣϯ˺󣬳ŸϯղŶˣҿЩĹǰ׵ˣȻһ˼ʹ޳ȥҵ˵ͣѰܽתΪүĵޣ˵˵ǻ̫үʦ̸ܽۼ֮ʱ£ͬ˰ܽΪүڣӺˣȴҪȥ޳֮ˣƾʲôΪһʹ
ںڵģòᡣ
ϯ˱ˮο˵ģ㲻ǣ£Լȥ˵ȥΪѻңǵʲôˣ
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̰Ĳ㣬
³֪
һҵȥſڣֻ»ҲӦҵ
Щˡ뽥侲ˡ
үƾԼھҷԴƷԱλϣҲǸƵġ
һΣϯͬƽӣϯҲƽĵŮƽĵŮҺƽҲһӳףóүһñȻһҪĴɽ
үȥͽƽɶΪ߿գûƽ
һӣƽͬ˺ͳĴ磬ȥʶҽõ˼ҶЪ
Ϊʱ䣬ƽЪϢүлˡ
ǣ磬ܽңڳүǰһ٣үΪүĵޡ
ҪҪһӶ˿ҲҪһӶֻܶĵطĽĿЩҲμĹ˹Сǻϲϲġ


794 Ż

һƷԱȻŮᣬͿ޵ˡ

ǳүԼҲóƽĹϵͻ֮Ĺϵܸ׽һ㡣
Ͼİǻү
޵İɾǻү
үҲүݡ
ңǲܳΪݵġ
ʱ򣬶Ӧõ͵£úԼڵ飬ԽǼеİͽҺңԽǻᱻ˿󣬷ԽԽԶ
̾һüչȰ˶缸䣬˵ƽŮֶˣҶˣ˵ҡˣˣĺܡ
緹ʱȳԷٴ£ҲûгԷ´󡣡ϯȥҷԸѾߣѷ˰ůһ߳Էһͻ
լͷһůһƬ͵߲˺ʻǰլӵ˰ҵʱ򣬰һֵʻ
ůͷһľΣΣңͤ
ϯų룬ůʱƼ˸հѷ˰ںá
ĵү̫̫˶ںˣճĴ˵Ǿһˡ
ҲֵһˡƼЦĽӿڵ
ϯھĳ־һˣʽˣֻҪǳͨĲϣҲΨ
ϯȥŵһŨĶζЦˣһ̺УȥԷҷԸӸҲһݴ
лл̫̫ĸѾǷл̺
Էʱϯһֱûʳ޲ĹأϰڳԷʱ˵顣
һ߳Էһ̫̫߰ĸŮ£˳룬Ȼҵľܾóܽ߷߲ƽöɩģŻö˵£үǿԸ˵һһʱ£Լȥ˵ǲ档
һ˵£ͻûҺΪѡ
ĸ;˹һ˺˾ͿɾĶǺãöණԵģģĵȵȣլĿⷿˡ
ĸ͹͵ġ
ұĸҲ˲١
лݣҲǸټ
һ£յ
ǶôãôöԷΪѡ
Ժ㲻ԸǡСϱһֻȣ
ϯţ۾ֻĶȣθͷЩڷܡ
ʹѹѹûзθ
ȣڳУ룬԰ɣҳСͳɡ
㲻ϲԣ
ǣϲֻǣŻ
ϯɫ䣬ͷѸתһԣûԼһȴһء
ʧɫôˣ
ܡŻ
ģȥ
ĶӦǣȾܡ
·һСѾߣһܣһ߷ԸСѾߣϽȥƼ˹̫̫岻
Ѿϯϣһ§һḧؿڣ˵ǣںܵû
öˡϯӲһͣȻϵķˣϧһӷˣζ
ûϵһƷԱȻŮᣬͿ޵ˡ

ǳүԼҲóƽĹϵͻ֮Ĺϵܸ׽һ㡣
Ͼİǻү
޵İɾǻү
үҲүݡ
ңǲܳΪݵġ
ʱ򣬶Ӧõ͵£úԼڵ飬ԽǼеİͽҺңԽǻᱻ˿󣬷ԽԽԶ
̾һüչȰ˶缸䣬˵ƽŮֶˣҶˣ˵ҡˣˣĺܡ
緹ʱȳԷٴ£ҲûгԷ´󡣡ϯȥҷԸѾߣѷ˰ůһ߳Էһͻ
լͷһůһƬ͵߲˺ʻǰլӵ˰ҵʱ򣬰һֵʻ
ůͷһľΣΣңͤ
ϯų룬ůʱƼ˸հѷ˰ںá
ĵү̫̫˶ںˣճĴ˵Ǿһˡ
ҲֵһˡƼЦĽӿڵ
ϯھĳ־һˣʽˣֻҪǳͨĲϣҲΨ


795 ˲

ϯﻳˣɰѳ˻ˡ
ϴ𣬻ϴȥŵϴ֣ϷԼȥͳɣͲĹˡ
ϴߺ󣬳뻹˸ۡһµǮȫۡ˶˵ϲüЦۡ
СĲϯ£ﻹ߶ϴ˵ǰ̥ûȣҪСЩҿջȥƽ߳鹫һȥμӸ־ۻᣬӣһײһ£ɲˡ
Ȼ˵ǰ£ΪСϱİȫбҪǰ֪ƽ֪
ϯЦе˵Ⱦȥ߹̺Ͱƽʱɩһȥ
һһſó̫̫̤뾩һȦеƱ
̤ܲܳȥǾҪı¡
ȶ˳󣬳ȥ鷿ݳдһţϰϲѶ
Ϊϯ·ϵʱȣҲܻغݳǡ
գƽϢ󣬳鹫ʮָˣϱ˱˰Ʒͳʳϯ
̣ôҳԲˡ鹫һ֣ϺõѪ࣬ϯ𾪵ĵɴ۾
鹫Це˵ԣܻģȳûˣٽȥ
ẹЩ͹ˡ
ѪǹƷһǻʹǲܳԵģmͷĹԣж԰
İɣȻˣɻϻʺڰϣѪ࣬ǻøġ
鹫˵ţóһĺӳ򿪣¶һС˶Ƶ˲Σ˲ΣǵҸ͸ҵģһֱûóԣԭģҺͺүӹһֱܺãûϣҸˣǡؼʱ̣ܾһúš
̣Ҳգ̫ˣϻԼŰɡϯѺӺϣݻ鹫
ǹ˵̫ϻ͸鹫˲ΣôҪ
ϯ˵ʲôҲҪ
鹫ͣɴǣܾ¡
̡
Ҫ̣Ǿͺú£Ҫ鹫
ϯﲻֻ£ĺú


796 

ȴ˲Σ򲻵֮£ԲãҪţһպƽ˻õء
һƥɫϸ޲ϯⲼҲ㰢̴ӿⷿ﷭ģ·á
ϯܸжȴҲЦӻûأʱǲ˵
粻磬ӵ·ͷЬǱӣͷЩҪѲʱҪǰá˵ţϴУ˲ٸƷĲϡ
㲻ɣҪסգȶóͻȻ뵽ϯһõƷҲûһӽ̵
ϾͿ鹫
鹫˼ǲܵҴӺӹչ㣬˳㴫һЩ㡣
ϯϲл̣һŸȥоأа̰æʡҲ¡
鹫˵˲֮£Ȼϯ͸鹫˳̫̫顣
鹫ûΪѣ˵ҺͳףҰᣬ̫̫֮£ҲһΪѡ
˵ţ鹫̾һ˵Ҫǵ̫̫ڻֳȶȢ˳ܽ񣬳̫̫ľҲôΡ
һҪʸ֦ȴ֪ߴܺƷУύһЩˣҲֻᱻƲˡ
ϯ˳鹫޵ѣĬĬͷ£һǰү˵һô˵ҲöӰˮ
ǵڣ馵Сʲô֮£ӱµģ˹ǵǳ馹ְͣͲǰ
̫̫ƻ껵飬馲᲻֪֪ȴֹԼԼҵŮȻҲҪͻҽס
Ըҽףȴ˻̫үܻ̫үΣҵĹϵ
Ҳѹ֣馺ͳ̫̫ż´ܣ롣
ϯﲻ֪飬鹫ȴ
˻˵˳ǵѫҴ壬ҲԸ
Ͼ˭ҲԸⱻڰͻȻҧһڡ
˹ǽձ㣬ֻ缸ǰԼҪȥฮƷ裬ˬԼ˹˵ˣٹ㣬˵úЪϢ⼸գǶҲȥ
鹫뿪ǰϯ


797 

磬鹫ϸûãϷɵˡ
˰ҩġ
ӵЩҩģǲӵģ̫̫õϣϷ˻ҽݵĴ˵ˣÿգһ̫̫ƽ
ھǿҽݣһҽֵֻܽЩҩҲǻϷȥҽõġ
ϷҲϯһ֧˲ΣһģȻûг鹫͵󣬵˲ΣҲʮѵá
ϯʮָжһ죬˰˼ĵĸ˳ԡ
Ӻϯ￴һҩģԸȾЩҩȥⷿһŵӳȥÿһ嵭ֱ̥ҩŸҳԡ
ǣ̫̫
˲αȾҩҲű˿ⷿУҪҩţҪдӵ
ߵģһҶеĹء
ϯùЩſһӼǣ޺ϣζĿš
գ鹫ɵˡ
һ˳֣һպΣҶ衣
ǳ鹫ӹ֣ʮóӵľ飬곤鹫ʱ̫ϻʾѡָ鹫֣ŵȳ鹫ʱչš
˭֪鹫һҲûܻϸӡ
Σϯﻳˣ鹫Ͱչ
֪Ǵӹֺϯ˿ҵλʮ𾴣ԵģȵģסģǸõġ
ֺͺչϯҲǾľ
һϯŴ£һֻڼ̥պƽ飬ϯﻹš
գƽٰ÷磬̫̫Լص·ϣⱦӺݻ˳ȥƽ
ֻǣû߶ãͱܽסˡ
ܽͰ͵ų̫̫һȥƽ
̫̫ԥˡ
ŮǣŮǻڹ˵Уϲ̨Ķ
ڹûʸվһ
˵һϡ
̫̫Ȱܽȥܽ޿ǲҲһ
أ˵޸Ҳȼ޸ǿң˶ң㲻ҰΪλһУΪıô


798

ܽһߣ̫̫Ҳ޻˵
ܽ£ȷȷʵʵѾ˼ıΪʸңϧ˳үĶʦճ
ȻºЩԩҲԸŮһ޵ݣֻŮһݣǣܽͻ£ǰһֱܿõġ
ڣ֪ϯƽŮƽŮֺڽܽ޸Ϊ
֪ƽŮ˵ʲôҲܽһ꣬ȵڣгмϣ˵ܼܽ޸ΪޣҲòѾ˼ȥƻҡ
ǣû֪
ˣҲûá
Ů޵ģ̫̫ˣóܽ
ƽ󣬳̫̫óŷͷų̫̫ˣȴס˳ܽýȥ
̫̫ЦŮͨһ£ȥ
ŷޱ飬̫̫Ҽҹ˵ˣϵ˭ģ˭ȥ˵ȣһɲý
ŷڴſڣ̫̫ʮֶȴֲҷֻŮǻҵϱƽͻҲףͨһ£ȥ
˵ţ̫̫ͳһŷ
ŷ˵ͷ뻳Уȴ˵ʲôҲóܽ
Ǯȴ˽ȥĳ̫̫ŷƣȴҡ
ʱſ˼
һϷˣƯСѾ߲߹
ô£
˿һ۳̫̫̫̫е죬ȴһʱ֮벻˭͵λ˭ҵķˣҲ÷ģôȥ
ūŸү밲ŷʶķˣæ񣬵λǳҵĶ̫̫λǻҵĳֻ˳̫̫ȴûɳ̫̫ȴҪųҲȥⲻΪūôūſûôӰ˷Žȥ
ŷͰ˵ˡ
ү˿ܽЦˣȻûΪλҪΪһūţȥˡ
ܽɫʱɷһƬ
үȴĶϱŮǣ̤ƽš
̫̫ܽܽҪȥȻҼúø˵˵´лᣬһù߻Ϸ˵ͬ⣬Ҳ


799

ܽջˡ
Ȼ̫̫ĸŮڴſֵһϷȴҲܿ촫˳ȥƽ÷ĹСҲ֪ˡ
ҿ̫̫񣬶ű֮ɫ
̫̫ƤȥύˣκûһԸģ߿
̫̫εҪһҲ߾ͨ죬ȴľʹ˷ѵõĻᡣ
ֱ̫̫Ҳûܺһ˴ϹϵֵһֻСһ˿һϷ
̫̫ƽ󣬻صѹĿһ٣޵رί
ȳү󣬳̫̫Ϳ˵үܽ׹ŮôͶӹļѣͰһѰɡ
ǵĵճŮѵǾҪһΪô
ڻûȢޣȢޣǼҰܽҪȥǰִҪϥ̺һӣүѵðܽͷһӣ
ܽջˡ
Ȼ̫̫ĸŮڴſֵһϷȴҲܿ촫˳ȥƽ÷ĹСҲ֪ˡ
ҿ̫̫񣬶ű֮ɫ
̫̫ƤȥύˣκûһԸģ߿
̫̫εҪһҲ߾ͨ죬ȴľʹ˷ѵõĻᡣ
ֱ̫̫Ҳûܺһ˴ϹϵֵһֻСһ˿һϷ
̫̫ƽ󣬻صѹĿһ٣޵رί
ȳү󣬳̫̫Ϳ˵үܽ׹ŮôͶӹļѣͰһѰɡ
ǵĵճŮѵǾҪһΪô
ڻûȢޣȢޣǼҰܽҪȥǰִҪϥ̺һӣүѵðܽͷһӣܽջˡ
Ȼ̫̫ĸŮڴſֵһϷȴҲܿ촫˳ȥƽ÷ĹСҲ֪ˡ
ҿ̫̫񣬶ű֮ɫ
̫̫ƤȥύˣκûһԸģ߿
̫̫εҪһҲ߾ͨ죬ȴľʹ˷ѵõĻᡣ


800

Դ֮ϯڼֶһǲʱ֣鹫ϱˣҲϯҶƣ
鹫˶ϱ󣬶ʮֺãӲ쳿趨ʡ׹Ůһ۰
ǻϽ˵ǰĽǼȥ߶жϱţҲжϱˣԺҲĽˡ
ͷϣȥϽüﴮӣȥһ鱦Ρ
һӵμûһĶࡣ
ңЩΣǳ鹫͸ġ
ԣ϶һź󣬲ûгֱ˼еϱϵദĴ߻۰λˡ
ҲˣҲİѳ鹫ƽ׵һТ
һգϯ鹫ڴҶƣƼҴ̫̫үϴϢүͶ̫̫غݣһ̡
ϯüëûһ£ӳһƣϢôͻȻǱ߷ʲô飿
ʻǿ϶䡣
Ƽ糿үͻȻεˣү˴˵Ƕġ
ƷԱصӣȻڼΡ
үʮ𾪣ߴ󣬾ͰѸϼºܹܶеһǳү顣
õĽǣ̫̫鲻ãǡóүײǰܻͷ˳ү첻Է
£̫̫˽˳ү֪ĴûԷ¡
ֱ糿үʵǰסˣ˹ȥ²ű¶үͶ̫̫һܣѶ̫̫˷κ˸ͳͺȣһ磬ͻ˽̫̫ͻغݳǣѹӻ
Ƽͨ˳үϵһɨصСѾߣүϷ飬Ƽ֪
ϯԺ󣬾Цˣ̫̫ͻغݳǣ顣
ү͵ղűҲ֮⡣
Ϊ̫̫ƽܵĵڶգүͻὫͻȥأû뵽ó̫̫Щӡ
鹫ӡϲһˣҰĲĻǸˣΪ沣ҲҪСģˣӡ
ϯͷ̣Һ֮гԹڣһġ
鹫üʲôҼǵ˵ŮҲû£ʱ̫̫ھǡ


801

ҺͰ붨֮ǰͺ˳𡣡ϯͰӡӡ֮ν飬˵һ顣
Ȼӡô׬ӣΪҵĹϵʧһ룬ӡҵ˶Ҫˣ̫̫ҲңҪүһֱңͱӡһ߶̫̫ʬˡ
ô˵ŮҲǾһ˵һֱôóĳ鹫֪ºԳ˲߿һ֡
ͷϰ˶Ǻˣǲ٣԰Ǻã޽⼸£ǰίûܵϰ˶ȶ׹ŮҪá
鹫ֺǺǵ˵ǾͺãһģϯźӻغݳǺ󣬻ӡƣгϰ˻ţӡҲ㶯֡
̫̫ϰ˶£ϯ죬û߳鹫պ˺ݳǺ󣬳鹫ᵣġ
֪̫̫ҪغݳǣϯͷԸĺȾˣȥྩߵزó̫̫ȥϰˡ
Ҳ˲ٶȥΪֲ࣬ĳ̫̫ڶʹ˸Ӻͳ̫̫һȥ
̫̫˺󣬳ܽҲҸԴ֮ϯҲûܽ
̫̫ûãϯָӸϵ˴ɨﱸϹƷ
ңĵһ꣬Ȼھǹġ
һǺͳ˹ꡣ
ˣϯﱸʮϸȫ
¶ʮŶŮӣ˾ǡ
ﵽǵĵڶ죬˳ϯϰĲٺö
⼸СѣүСʱ򴩹ģϰղصģ˼ﻹûϰ˵ȺӴЩүҲҪغݳǣʱٷǴ
·ʮˣȴĺܺãŻµһ
ϯС·ﴥ࣬˼ģô·ôá
˵ＸλүСʱ򴩹·ϰ˶ղأÿ£ϰ˾ͻԸѾ߰·óɹգ·ĵطҲͨ磬Ųܳ
˵ţóһСӵߣүСʱģɲϰղصģүԼղصģүдϰġ
һСӵߣݣ򣬵СˣСľˣɰ壬ϯ﷭һ飬Ȼһѿ


802

ϰҩģǲõģаϺõѪ࣬ҲϰȥģֻϺõѪ಻ϰ˷˺ܴһ̫̫°ʣ°͸ˡ
ˣ̫̫ھĩһСӣɰϰֻˣ·硣
˵ţЦˣһţﻹ洵ݣɶˡ
ϯ￴˿壬ҲŸ²ã·ָһ·ô
õúܣû£һңү˴˵׳ʵأҲĽʵһ·ҲԵúܣ֪ңҲûڡ
ʮ·ݳĺӣûգ˺ݳǣϰ˲Сӣںݳǹ꿪ǻؾǡ
ǣж̫̫ڣϰֵĶ̫̫ᱳ۸Ｘԣֻùðմź·
ڽѩ٣£һȻûѩ·䣬¯ӣҲûŹ
ΪﺢӶ࣬øϻȥչ˺ӣϯҲûԷֻǷԸѾ߰˼ĺǹˮȳʳùȥǳԡ
ʮһգϱ˼ҹͰڻϯͳŸһȺǳҹ
󣬻ÿ˷һ
ص󣬳Ҳϯ﷢һ
ϯһ㶣ЦҶˣٽĺ
Ӻ쾭壬ôͽӲáѺСϱֵӦ㣬ÿ궼Ҫһ
֮ǰڶɷˣҪĺ֪֪ߣ
Цˣھ͸Ӧøˡ
ϯһ죬Ѻ뻳Уٳ£һ˫Ӻһ˫ЬӸ룬Ҹ׼
ĸжҵЬ࣬Ժڻӣ۲ãѺ٣Ҷ˵ġ
ţ۲š
ֵգҪȥҰ꣬ﶼˣҪȥǳٹȥ
Ĺȥɣȥݳ꣬ȥݶꡣ
£ϯų
˳һաϰҩģǲõģаϺõѪ࣬ҲϰȥģֻϺõѪ಻ϰ˷˺ܴһ̫̫°ʣ°͸ˡ


803

Ԫ̫ҽǣǹ˲Ϸˡ
鹫̫ϻϲһλȻҪó鹫֣οǹǡ
鹫ȥˣš
ұ̴űСˡʱиֽ
鹫ûڣϷ˾ЦѾͷˣǽ˵
Ϸ˵Ů޸ҵĴүҺ׹ϵѾͷǻϷ˵ŮҲүĵŮС顣
ϯﲻǵһμĸŮ֮ǰҲΣͦϲúö
ĸ밲ĸ밲ĸ밲ź󣬾ͰĸＸ
ϯҲ̫̫񣬡ʰ
£ڿ˫ӵˣЩСĶչҪæЦϯµ
ϯӦǣ£ʹյ㣬һûӾôˣҲԲ࣬һǸŮӣ˼˵Ůӻ
СӼҼҵģ˵˵ʲôϳһۣЦſϯѾͷֵģϹ˵
ǰͷһ̥ŮãѾͷĻϷҲΪŮ³çԲ
鹫ͷһ̥ŮҲŮ֪ˣҼҰ㲻ȿǿТ˳ҡ
ָϡ
ˣ˴ֵ˵ŮǸŮﻹЩãϷ˺ͳ鹫Ϊ˵飬ҲøһСɫ
ֻЦĸ˵ĶԣŮҪȥ棬кŮһǰģǶһţ︣һָܻϵڶ
鹫ˣˣԶԶԣﻹᣬҪΪҶǡ
鹫ԼȴСһ˶
Ӷร
˳ϯǣ˼ĵҾǸģ㲻Ҫ棬ұ֤Ժ˵ϸЩ˵ˡ
û£ŮҲãСްϲϯЦЦֱ
һûͺá
ֺǺǵʣĺӻᶯܲһ£


804

ͷ۵ͣһЩҪְеھҪ˶ӵģ⺢ӣǱǹ߻ˣȻ첻µز£ʲôʲô
ϷЦŵѾͷʮˣ̵ֽزǡ
ǣĸסӦ
죬Ը⣬ĸҲŲҪ̵ֶֽĺܣҪǱ̵һգڶ϶۵
ϷЦƤӣٹ꣬ҪܸǵСˣô֪£Ժô죬Ҫ˵ġ
ҾһӲޣߣТһӡԵ
Ϸ˺Цȹʮ壬û㶨żң㶼Ҫ
鹫ЦѾͷһҪҸ֪֪׵ģȻƢԣûһ˼Ԧˡ
ĸҲŲҪ˼Ԧء
úúãպͼԦ
ĸ
һ½ţߵͨ졣
ʱѾ˵蹹ҪϷ밲
鹫ЦҲûˣֵܶ˽ɡ
Ƭ̣ˣͱѾ
գһɫۣһϸİɫ磬һɫۣһɫãҲϸġ
ֵܶ˳ʮֳڣرһǣһţĿ⡣
ˣ۾ֱˡ
ϷΪֵܶ˽ʱҲûع
ٸкءϯԵĶ￩һ£һãæһ£Ļǳ
ʲô
ϯ˵һ飬ٸк
Ŷǡ磬蹱ܣǺþУҡҡ
ֽŵĽһԴҲһƬհףʲôס˰㣬ͨ죬ĿİͰͣһĻ˵
ϺͻϷ˻ǵһμȻҲôСŮ˵һ棬ĸŮ˶һۺֿ
޸оĺһú󣬾ͺ蹸뿪
ʶĲԷߣ뿪ڽסˣߵķɿ죬ûڣ˾͵档
һա
Ѿͷͬ꣬£ԺȥѧҪǿһҪչЩϷ˵


805

ǵѧһΪѧյѧİѧյŮѧǾϵǧС㣬лѧѧϰ
ѧѾѧѧŮѧһָƣǽȥǱ棬ѧѹ̡ܽ
۾ʵ蹱磬Ҫȥѧѧ
ѧŮѧزһѧ֮ǰҪԣֻͨѧʦĿԣܽѧ顣
ûͨǾͲܽѧ顣
ѧĳ͢죬ûɽǳ鹫ӣѧʲã鲻ãҲѧ
Ϸ˵蹶ѧǾ͵˵ѧʺܺá
ķɿ죬һúչǣҲñ۸ǡ
һ˭۸ǣҾ˭ļƣûϷ˺ͻϿֱͷۡ
ҲƽѵŮֻЦĸչ磬ΪǳǣԾǻϤʶҲ࣬Ϲײǡ
ֵҲᶣ磬һС硣
Ŷ֪ˡ|ȵģһһ롣
ϻǿʲô͹ѻתƵȥ˵Ҳǲ֪ѧȻŮӣǾǣѧѧϰҲǲ
˭ʵ
Ͼ˳ڻصҰδޡ
綨£ɫ˱䣬ͷµЩܣʲôŮӰ
ܺúҲܻáЦ
ʵЩƣǻúöвˣãȴԣöȴǡ
ȴΪϲǡ
ҺͻɽһƽţǳٴĻ£Ҳ˸ƨ|ɡ
֮޾ɵŪϵӡ
ԷʱҲΪûθڣûԶ١
һУ˶˭Ҳ˵ʲô
뿪ƽˣϻŮ̵֣Ͷ£ɲͿ
ף£ʲô£ҲŲѼӲ
ԼŮһƨɣ֪Ҫʲôƨ
Ů˼ù
ֻҪԣΪ游游㿿ɽΨ˽飬£ң游Ƕ


806

ף˵ʲôҲŲ˽飬ҡҲŶ˵ˣŮ£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ôҸﻹҪԼȥŪʲô˽飬ֲvҪŮӣᰵ˽ᡣ
Խ˵Խ죬ҲԽǼ
ǳe˵˵ʲô˽ᡭǧС˵ĻôԺ󣬲ҿЩˡ
ΪԼŮǱӽ̻ģСС֪ͣ˽ᡯ֡
صҺ󣬻Ͼͽ㣬ڷЬŮŮһٱ顣
ڳдŮŮʱûˣϯﲻ֪ȥ˳үϰꡣ
˭֪үȴڼңݹ˵үȥϷ帮ϰ꣬Ҫܻ
ڼÿдϯ°һСǣԼҡ
룬ӦǰһŰȥǡϯȿϣϻһ̺
ϵİȾϵĺɾ
ϯھǴôãϲľ𿻣ںݳûҲеġ
ϯȻ˺ݳǣһҪԼһ𿻣Ҳϰ˴һ𿻡
˯˯𿻡
ɫѿ˭꣬ݰ
Ҳһ꣬ǾںݳˡֵԶȴʧĽ
ǰص٣ڼҹ񣬸Ӽ˶ףΪߣԼУҲͳ˳Ǹˡ
ÿΣʼҪӣ˵ҪϷɽȣδܾҪӣ͸ӣҲδʹЩõȥˡ
ˣҲ˽ھǵڹôġ
ֱһھסôã֪ԭǰʼҪôӣֻкһ֣ύ㣬һ󲿷ӣĸϡ
׶ߵõƿһ׶ߵĺɺйڶ鷿ǽϵļǹŻֵǡ
Сγޣ˲֪羹ȻһլԺ
ǰǶլӣѾȥˡ
Ҳһ˽ˡ
¶֪
У羹Ȼ˵±߶Ĺٶġ
ţҪ
ҲҪ
Ͳ³Եʱҭ
ԴˣЩԳүԽԽʧ


807

һֱʮүǱ߲˹˵óӹȥһˣֵҲþһۡ
Цӵ߶ү̫̫⼸Ӳš
ɫΪѵ̫̫ţүβȥһˣүܺүһ˺üգֻЩүòͷүɱ˶ү
ûʲôҵĻүǡǴȥ
磬Թˡ
ϯڻӼ
һϯͼʵ˵岻үҹ㣬ôӻԾô
ϯЦԷЩθү͵ˣ˴˵ЩӳԵ̫ˣЩ£أվͺˡ
︧ؿڣһǾͺãҿǴӼһֱĹ
ﻹµӤ·ϯĺġ
û廨ǴɫϸСѡ
·廨ĦƤĦˣĦһƤȥ
˶үʮ꣬ӣչ˺ӺСѶʮо顣
ϯй͹ʱָңȻҲɶͷԣ֪ʲô
ͷһ̥Ȼһͺˡ
š
֮󣬹ûϯ̸ӵ飬̸˳õ¡
ʮˣ͵С㣬Ƕżõ껪ɹֻһССʶ˲࣬ҲûʸΪԼĺӶżңֻܿүŮżҡ
үһԼǿˡ
ó㣬ʹŮܽͱȥʸѫҴ塣
ŮɳĺÿúˣҲһΪһ棬ͬʮ֪꣬үҰģﲻŮһӣȥһʸȨĻᣬˣϯѰһź¡
ϯΪѵҲ֪˫ӣҲȥţȥˣʶҲޡ
ҪǣĹ̴ȥʶˣѫңǻ׹ݣһҵ˼ңöȢһŮ
һһССƷԱŮ͸Ӳܡ
ɫڨڨģЩȻңͿˣ㻹ŶأҾȻ鷳㡣


808

ʮ壬һھǹϯŹһ侩ǵԪƽǺεȷΪĺӣȴȥ
Ϊˣϯʮź
뿴ȹ꣬ӴˣҴǿ
˵ģҪ˵
ϱʲôʱ˵
ϯͷ룬ţƺûй
ϯЦˡ
ǣСϱůȥ˯ţȥů
ģůʲôÿģ
СཱུģǿԪƽڵʧ䡣
ʵ԰ﵽ˸ʽĵѻ԰һãϯһ·߹һյյ͹ȥҲϲ
ůϯ￴ů˸ɫʵĵɫɫɫɫ
ɫһ𣬰ů߲٣ʮɫ
ϯǾϲĿ룬Һϲ
ϲͺãҸľϲСϱܾϲϲ⼸վûæ
ϯﻶϲů浽˰ҹУò뿪
һĵƲȥҪϲԺҾǡ
ϯжĴǰ§ӣϰһڡ
˰ϯҪ˿ʱͻȻ§Сϱͷݺȥ
ϯԼҪϢʱɿ
뱧Сϱ˵£һЩǿŪġ
ȷϯﻳк󣬳һֱûٺ|»ŪĶ̥գСϱȻЩﲻסˡ
Сϱ죬պ󣬴ᱧСϱ󲽻˷䣬ȻСϱڴϣѹ˹ȥ
ڶ죬ϯ˯ˡ
ʱҲû
һſ۾˳˵ˣôӻòã
õˣһˣЩʧȥ˿ơ
ֱº󣬳ź֪ĺԼ³ç˺ӡ
ϯ̧̧۵ֱۣû£¡
ɫһ䣬岻ôȥ
eȥϯסһۣҪңͰһˡ
ʱӦһͬʱ۵ϣˣԺСЩ
үʱӻڴңû
ү֪ĵһˣ켣磬ʲô


809

үڴõ˰ʱڵȵ˳롣
ü磬ղǳ֮͢ôôпչ
ڶʲôʱˣͽˡүûĵ㻹ҪھǴü£⼸ʱ⣬ʹװĵ
Ҫʲô
λ£ѾæǰΪһˮ
ү˰֣ʾõѾӶȥȻŵ˵ϴļ̣㿴ǳҡ
磬Ǵǹٻؼ⣿ͻȻϳ馵Ļʵ
һ˿Ȼû˵ȥ
Цô˭ȥȡ̣
ҲУӡҵһѡ񣬾ӡҵΣʵ
ΡһͬӡҶүȥ꿼ȡ˾ˣٹ¿ܿнʿʱһӡҶү볯Ϊ٣ӡҵҲὥģӡ˲ɵڹϣԼҵĺȡ
ȡ̵͢˼ң˼ңҼûеٵˡ
Ҷүүڵ٣ûʸȥ̣үֿ⣬̣᲻ôǹ⣬үʹӡҵ⡣
ӡҶүӡȡ˾˵Ϣӡû߳үүȻ֪
үʱʧ˵ϯģϯҡ
磬ƽү뵭
磬ǳҾ㲻̣׬Ҳ㹻ãҪȥȡʲô
˵ˣƾǳôһ⣬ֻ»ȡ̡
׬Ǯ⣬޷ǼҺǺ⣬Ҳܺͳ͢С⡭ϱȳĺõ˼һ࣬ҶŲǰʮ
ԣΪҾȥ̵λãֻҲȡ
οһڳ͢Ϊ٣Ҳûʸȥ̡
ҲԲΪ缸仰ƭϵ¡
Ĵ˿գ˺ʧ̾뿪
һߣıͱһƬ˳һԸѳŽϣиٶүһһжˣһ춯ҡ
ǣү
һ¡


810

磬ǰǧӣ˵˵ҪڣŻû죬Ҫǧӣ磬һڣ˵ǧӼǧӵãǳҹвҵһҲӣϣ˵ôӾûôͣѵ˵Ͳúͬ
Գʧ˼㡣
ĺö磬ȻֵܣԼھ͵͵ðҵ
⻹㣬øֽڣӼҪӡ
һ棬֮ˡ
Ŷְߣ࣬ÿֻҪ翪ڣǶ˵Ҫӣӡ
ǰ֪صС˼ˣڣ֪˶ۣھ͵͵ðҵǰһ޵޵ĸӣǶֵܺƽ
ɫʱܲڸ߱Ȳˣǻ׹ݱ鲼ύһ͵ȥģ˵ӸɣҲeҽ˵ûУڹ۳ҵ񣬳ҽӣôߣҪ˵ûӣҿɲš
̾һ磬ھǣǳھǿû⣬ҵⶼڽϡ
ԣҵӣҲܻ͵֡
ǰдŻȥ˰ţҪӣдȥҪûС
ԣﰵޣɳ˵Ҳȷʵ飬ھǴ˿ʱ䣬ףӣõòˡ
һת͸ĿڵдŻȥģҪȰҽǧӣȰӹٻǡ
ǽһŭ
ͬƽ̵һӡ
ү˺ãҲһӸǧӻá
ǧӶѫ˵ҲһʲСĿ
οôһӣôȥ˿ڣ
취˵óڣ
뵱ͷӣͲˣҿⷿﵹһ͸ҵ׸ߵټ÷ƿֵǣʱһȥμӻ˵ٳƿһֱӴȥ
ҵϷҲʶ㣬ȥʲôһ˿飬ܿ죬һ˿ֱεˣǻƿȸңͲȥˡ


811

磬㻹֪ɣûգ̫үһȥ˻ͣҲȥˣʱ̫үͰѻҼڳְ͢˶ܸʶˣҲϷˡ
ô˵ҲǻҵŮ˰磬ôܲȥأ磬¾ô˵ˡ
벻ݳھܾͶ豭Ϳ͡
馳ԡ
馷粻֮࣬ȻҲûӳõӣڵˡ
ڳߵСˣսսүô죬վ͵˽ӵޣһò֮ǰĶҲûˡ
үǽһƬׯӣǾõׯһλᣬ´ֻ¾ˡһС˿ϧ̾Ϣ
ҧҧȥɣⷿûʲôȵȥȺǱӣ
ǣү
ȥˡ
һصң馾ͷԸܼңǰԺⷿһ£ȻԼȥ˺Ժҹ
ںС˯
馽ݣ͵ƼûӣһЩңмá
ԥһ£ŵһЩ࣬Ͷ
ӣСںסʮ£õǮûлá
üôôһڼûӻ
ÿǮһʮӣСĶһҶûж
µĶӶ˳
ھǣûǮġ
馹ܼңÿ»ʮӵĽãʮźܶ࣬ɼ¶ʮˣǮ͵֧ʮӣʣʮӣùһ˵ĳԺ˯ʣӡ
΢ԵĺһЩö
üڳǰ߶òɳȴ߿˵ٺ»٣ĽûǺݳġ
ʡЩá
ܶΪھǰų馹ܼңΪ̫̫һٻʵı˭׾ݡ
ȥغݣ馴һأҲֻǸӡ
ޣױͻȥ˶ӡ
Ҫǹʱӽӵĺֻ࣬ܲ
Ŀų馣Ķ˽ߣһƣ߶үˣǵ»û׼иļҲǰˡ


812

ԭҲҪµģһɫﵽĻ˻
馵·ٱɣ£Ҳš
ǡ
Ӧ
馿һ۹ױ̨ϵΣֻӣһֻ˺ܶӡ
룬ˡ
תͳȥˡ
馵ŶְֻԼһĿһˣſǧӡ
һеĶܿʹ˳Ķ
ˣ͵͵ھð˽Ȼһֱƭӣǡ
붼޷ˡ
ʵ̫ϸ㡣
ԵĻǼˡ
óؿѹһʯͷ㣬ƵЩ͸
Ҳûҹ˵ּǰð˽ֺαظءﵽһˮݵֱߣ
˰ûҹ棬ǣмҹ棬ǹðĲҵڹвҵ
ùӣȥð˽ųˣĲԡ
ϯҪô죿
ܲһֱŰɣдŻغݳǣ¸֪
δãǾ¡
ǳ馵ĵܵܣ㿴߳馵ΪҲܰѳô
Ψһģǲ뿴馼ƭ
ϯүھҲð˲ٲҵǾǱ־ӣôǧҲò
ǽһƬׯмУòױһģ۸ȻҪһЩ
ׯӣӣ
ׯӲĶأǴһĶõʮӣһĴլӣǧӡ
ЩϢǳһȥġ
˻ùŶ
ϯﾪˡ
ںݳլӣضҲǺõģһǧĶأҲһӡ
ĶأȻҪӡ
ȻǾǣǄeĵطûȵġ
ϯ۾ͻȻүȥǻûкõլҲðһЩҵΣϻвء
ǰӣˡ
լӵģڣֱסƽòլӣʡһլӵӡ
ң̣үţ⹫ˣһʲСļء


813

ţھðҵΪ϶㣬ˣǰգ˵ϯӺᵽ⼸գҪȥӣҲ㿴ҡ
ֵðӺׯӵӣУϵЩԼá
ף˵ûô
벻ŲæĶСϱĲˮһڣҪӣҵĽڣڻԣôװӸ
οҴӣҵ˽ӣȻҵ˽ӣҵȻҪŸϱð˽ƾʲôã
Ҳ˵˽ǳ˽ȣԣҲֲóⲻ馡
ϯˣðҵ£͵͵ɣȻ֪ˣֻ»᲻ͣ
ߣҡõֲǹеӡ
ǣ˵ǾͲǣ˭֤
£˭˵
һȡ֣߻ģô
ֵܶ࣬ҲǸ˽ŽһҲôһ˵ģӸϾõˡ
ǳֵУ˼һ
Ҳĺһ
ĺĻǰĿԼŮһƣֶŮ͵ԨȥֶŮĥô
ǽ߳࣬īߺڣ̫̫ӡӰ˰ɣֵ֮ܣţھðҵΪ϶㣬ˣǰգ˵ϯӺᵽ⼸գҪȥӣҲ㿴ҡ
ֵðӺׯӵӣУϵЩԼá
ף˵ûô
벻ŲæĶСϱĲˮһڣҪӣҵĽڣڻԣôװӸ
οҴӣҵ˽ӣȻҵ˽ӣҵȻҪŸϱð˽ƾʲôã
Ҳ˵˽ǳ˽ȣԣҲֲóⲻ馡
ϯˣðҵ£͵͵ɣȻ֪ˣֻ»᲻ͣ
ߣҡõֲǹеӡ
ǣ˵ǾͲǣ˭֤
£˭˵
һȡ֣߻ģô
ֵܶ࣬ҲǸ˽ŽһҲôһ˵ģӸϾõˡ
ǳֵУ˼һ
Ҳĺһ
ĺĻǰĿԼŮһƣֶŮ͵ԨȥֶŮĥô
ǽ߳࣬īߺڣ̫̫ӡӰ˰ɣֵ֮ܣΨ


814

ôкѡҪߣ봽һĨЦ˵óһȥԷƷ
ϯſڣ˵ûѡͻȻ뵽ʲôת˿ڣҵ֪ѡֻǶӣҲ֪ɩܲܿϡ
ϯʶļ˼ңҲʶ
ϯһڣоѡ
ָҵүǻ֦үּҲʻӻδףȻӣ⼸˼ҶǸŴ󻧣Ӱ䲻ϣ˼檣ɩҲͬ⣬ӵǸոպá
ΪͷΪβ
һ˷βҪϥһӣŮݶҪĵӵŮ͡
ϯŵͷ˵ҵүͲ˵ᣬǸš
ȥҺüΣȥʱҲҼλү㣬ȻҲүʶ
뵽ү忡ݣĶŵʣ͵ֳģǸ˿ģҪ֪֪֪ģ͵ðй۲죬ȥڰй۲գ治ĻǾ͸ɩдŹȥɩ˼
ǺãͰ˵İ졣ϯЦŵ
ܸĳߵˣϯܸˣ˲Ͱѳүȴˡ
պ󣬳벻ϢһׯӺӵķ
ڳ⣬ǼСǳӣһʮӣǼ¥һ¶ӣׯӣ뾩ǾһϣҪ·̣Լ۸ҲˣĶأһСլӣһǧӡ
ӻ˶ӣû˵⾩Ǵû˵ϯҲµõһûٻӡ
ϯжķżŷӶû˰ɣ
ţһЩСϱգģ㹻ǻһġ
һꣿϯ𾪵ĵɴ۾㵽״˶ӹѽ
ʮƱԭǴûкʵ͵
ʮӣЩ׬µ˽ǮĽһ롣
ԭھ⣬ô׬һʣɼƻûб仯죬û뵽Ȼֶᷢںƭӣ͵͵ھð˽
δⱻǳҹеģʱ׬Ҳᱻȡ󣬳ԸھĻᣬҲ˳馡


815

ϯ£лԵĻԺ󻹻лġ
ͬǨӵ£Ұҵʵ𣿡
ҵˣҺһȥģӲԶһ˫棬λúãֻ̫ϧˣǵطǿһ̻ӵǲ
ָϯӵӣƽġ
ңƽһ£ȥ˺ݳǣǨӵ顣
һ£Ҫ㡣ֵ˵պһ˻һֱھݳǱߵĲҵתƵ£ļױ
ôСϯͬǶǰ밢蹵ĲҵģôܵĲҵУҵȥҰЩҵˣӣҲò밢蹡
˵ˣҰէھͷûһôУ
ƽүǰЩӣƽ˵ҪǨƹһӸãӣͷģȱӻ
˵˵ˣǨƹ󣬺ǱߵӾͿˣʱҪӣȥ⡣
һȫȫ۰Լĵϯܸж
ģҲܰҪĲҵҲܰҵҪˣҡүӸҰҵĲҵˡ
ɵѾͷҪġСϱһֻ֣ϰ棬СӳʱǾͶһݺˡ
ϯ룬ǾÿǷ˰öࡣ
ںݳǵլӣ˵ţպпջغݳҲиطס¸£ǨƹʱǱߵҲһŹֻһϷ޺ʹӿլӡ
ϯ⣬綼ƽﶼЪϢӵĺԺ磬סլȥһ߿տլӣһɩҲԹչǣǼԷ򸾳ָأȫ
ţ취Ҽһ䡣Ҳ취
լţֵסȥôҲЩǡ
լãԽãԽУǷϵ䡣
գȥƽͬʱ¡


816

ͬϲôֵ
취ãҿͺףѿгֵˣֵԼɣƾǵգᴳ
ֻһҾʧˡ
빴Ц㲻ӣһ巻Ҳ˵λɩұ幤
ԶԶԣôҲȥ⣬ֻһֵܻҼţպлᡭ
ˣѹײøֵ˸ɣ
ӵգײҪϸˡ
ֵܼȻӣҲܸɹײ̵Ļ
ײһĺã׬üʮأôҲһ׬һӵĹǮǿ
ͬǹײ̵⣬ľׯǣһҰӺׯӶ˰£ûȥ밢ôźãҲܰװװӸֵǿ׻˵ֵܣʣӣҪðﶼţľׯϵľģṩײ̿ԣǣľĸôӣôգܰ׸
ͬ˵һЩӵ£óȥúϯ˵˵
ϣϯºʮּ
ǲ뿪ײֹ̣ܽȥٺò£д⹫˵⹫⡣
ֵ϶ὫײתƵƽүײ̣ʲô̶ͬ⡣
ײ̿϶һֱȥģ֣ܽպײõľģʹľׯṩһ˸ǡ
ϯͳһֵܴǵӣȥӣôҲȸ׬Ǯǿ
ǹײĺʱ۳ϵȷãһҲ׬ʮӣֵһ׬ʮӡ
ϣϯȲĸľдһţ˿ӱޣȥ˺ݳǡ
˶Ѯȥŵ˾ͻˣͬʱľĻš
ϯӵţȲĴˡ
վԣдӶһ£ȻһۣŴͷβֿһ顣
ϯ̾һ⹫Ȼϲ翪ײ̣Ҫѹײ̸ΪľꡭǺԱߵ巻ӳǡϯҴ˺üĹײ̣֪⹫һģҰԸԸ⣿


817

ײ̣ϯ˿˺üˣûʲôǣ汲ũ˵ľ˵ײ̲
뼸ȥײ̣û᲻
ԣڿϯ˵ϱǿ巻ʱľ󣬾;巻ڿһľ굹ǲ
巻ڼײӣǹײӸڵ巻꣬˭ȥ٣
û˹٣巻ĶٺÿҲû˽ȥô
ľһͣϯʱ֡
⹫Ķԣ£ү㻹ȥƽһˣҰ˵һ˵Ұʲô˼
ڴ£ͬǿúܿ
˵ҲϯҲϯҵӣҪ뿪ľ꣬ǾͿľɡ
ͬҲǿϵķϣҪһҡ
Ǿѫүӷˣңܲһɡ
лᣬҪһң
㲻ǣôںݳǃ仧ˣȥճϢײ̣ϯ˿˺üˣûʲôǣ汲ũ˵ľ˵ײ̲
뼸ȥײ̣û᲻
ԣڿϯ˵ϱǿ巻ʱľ󣬾;巻ڿһľ굹ǲ
巻ڼײӣǹײӸڵ巻꣬˭ȥ٣
û˹٣巻ĶٺÿҲû˽ȥô
ľһͣϯʱ֡
⹫Ķԣ£ү㻹ȥƽһˣҰ˵һ˵Ұʲô˼
ڴ£ͬǿúܿ
˵ҲϯҲϯҵӣҪ뿪ľ꣬ǾͿľɡ
ͬҲǿϵķϣҪһҡ
Ǿѫүӷˣңܲһɡ
лᣬҪһң
㲻ǣôںݳǃ仧ˣȥճϢײ̣ϯ˿˺üˣûʲôǣ汲ũ˵ľ˵ײ̲
뼸ȥײ̣û᲻
ԣڿϯ˵ϱǿ巻ʱľ󣬾;巻ڿһľ굹ǲ


818

УͬȻ̵ңϯѾˣ˳ҵףٸ̫鷳ˣͬƽͳ鹫󣬲ûϯա
ϯﻹϯϯҵŮҵϣҲһֻ֣˶һ⣬ģϯһվɡ
ˣϯﻹϯҵŮ
ҲΪͬҪϯҼ̳йĲҵתϯԭ
Ҳϣϯϯ蹳Ӻһϯ̳ϯϵѪУȻϯܰЩҵתӡ
£ͬû˵
ϯҲ˼
ԣϯҲûмʲҵ
ʲҵҲֻʱֶտһ¶ѡ
˹µϯû˽ҪͬЩҵң֪үǿռ˲ƲΪɣϯʮӡ
֮ϯҲӺ͹ײ̵鷳
Ȼ󣬹½ͬµĲҵȫתϯ£ûãֽӵͬţӣתҡ
ȹڻصʱѾѮ
ʱϯĶѾ߸߹𣬳˷ȥ԰߼ġ
Ҳȥڼ
ÿ۵ʱ򣬳붼۵İࡣ
ÿȳʱ󿪾һŵ
ÿ۵ĵʱ۵Ϊᣬһ߶СӣһҲԣôҿ϶ƨ|ɡ
ϯﻳʱ鹫Ԫ̫ҽΪϯǸкҲǺĴС
С㶼˼ϯ
ҹ»ĵڶգϾŮ˵ĸ˵巻Ѿˣɼ˺ǵϱмѼѣᵽӵĺԺס
ײ̹ˣûʮڹײģ⹫ŸԼڣ⹫ƣϺϯָͬһڣ˵ĸӵĲˣǻꡭ⹫źô㰢ֵܣ⽫õĹײĸˡ
ʣµЩˡ
˵ģٲ˻һڡ
˵ţͻȻʲôӻóһţݸϯ⹫š
˵лϯӣҵ巻ܹ
ӵľ˵ȹ£׬ˣȥǮׯϯϯ˺ݳǣٸϯ


819

⣬ľҲʼɣԭɭɭĹײ̣ȫһᣬֵ´Ļӣ巻õ磬ٰһΣߡȥĻ衣
ΪԭеľﻹصɮǰȥĻڵ﹩һ׸ߵķ
ԭɭɭӣ˲ӱ
߽ȥϢ䣬ζ
ӣ˵Ȼһ¡

ҵӿҵϯϵˣ˺ȥ
ΪҵϱңңҲһݷĺȥ
֮Һͳҹգһֱܲ¾ͰͶŽȥӣ׬ˡ
·ݣߵȣϯҲţԺߡ
ĶӣϸִһȦӼѡ
ÿΣΡΡķӣ߼붼Ҫһľ
գϯյš
źϯʮָˣЦǺǵ˵˵ҪǿңѾˣа¾͵ˡ
Ҫüһģ
Ҵүʹ̣һġôܷһ˳š
ϯ︧˸ӣа£Ҳÿˡ
ԤϯЩ꣬ʱ򣬻ᶯ͸뷢Ƣ
ÿζϸİ
ģ
§СϱľӣõģԪ̫ҽ˵ˣֻҪжڣͺӶƽƽġ
ţ֪
Ǻܽš
ӣһӣϯܲô
Ǻκӳܺһġ
ӣ⻹ǵһ
ϯۿЩ죬ЩƲס룬ȥ˵ߣҪȥժһЩݮԡ
Ҫ˵Ƽļȥժͺã۾ͿСϱһҪ޵ӣŵæӦã˲ݮأһԾͺãȥժ
ݮȥ
Ƽһ̫ʦں档
ȵ˲ݮأƼӷڵͷʯשϣҪϯ£ϯȴӣͰ͵Ŀų롣
һ͵ҷȥһȦ㲻ժݮ
ݮģҪժҪϯӣ׵


820

ϯҲ֪ܶ£ίͰ͵ĵ˵ͷڲݮһȦǹ޵ڻˡ
˶ڣϯȥݽڡ
ҲĳţĺСӶˣųһӺȥƽݽڡ
ʱƽӡ
ߵӣͺݳǱߵĲһ
õŴ׶һ
ǵӣõǴװģ˺滨ʣ⣬ơζͺݳǱߵĲһ
ϯһԵʱ򣬾ͱֹˡ
Ӳ㲻Ҫԣ岻á˹ȾʢһѼӾϯǰʱζ㳢
һأһԲϯίˡ
·ݺ󣬳ͿʼĳʳǲԱ˵Եö࣬Ӵ󣬻
ʵѲɡ
Ҳ֪Ϊãǣѽ
ʱ򣬶İҹ˯žܣһֱڴתתȥ˯ţƫƫ̫󣬷ѡ
Ǹֻиᵽ
һ룬ٸʢ롣ƢĺҪǶǾ͵һʱٸٶͲܳˡ
ðɡ
һı飬ϯҲ֪ȡҲԡ
̫̫̫̫ˡ
ϯһû꣬ľ߽
ɫһӱúڳڳʲô
ĵū澲֪̫̫һģ߻вһλС㡣
ȥ̫̫ϢûʱȥãһøжûС
ǳ㡣
Դһϣķͳ֮󣬳ʱӣԻ̽ϯǣÿ䳰ȷϯ
Ϊˣ벢ӭ
ɳ㾹Ȼ⣬˵ϯﻳˣٷ̳룬Ϊޣϯ͸ΪһС檣ú÷̳롣
ϯھûʲôˣΪĵãӦΪİɩǽš
ˣÿͻҪ檵顣
θ֣Ȼ˶ˡ
ԸѾ߰ѳ˳ȥ
ɩɩôǺôҲǿˣô԰ѿ˾֮ģɩҿɩһҲûأ
ϳС㣬Գ


821

㱻׸ϳţҲúܶ
ǣһ뵽ϯﾹȻڻڼ䣬ŶռԼĳ谮;ãԼû
һУɶΪİá
Ҳǿİɩˣİûһĵ檣İ磬ŻһΪ롣
ǣҧʶġ
һΪİ磬İȴ棬ڰϳţ̫ˡ
ɩ㻹ðɣҿǽջ˰ɣȻȥȳ̫̫˺Ӻ̽
ʱһӵŮˣﻹܹܵˡ
Ͳţв͵ȵˡ
㲻ľô뿪ǣųرյĽĴţģΣ
ֲȥš
죬ʱ仹磬ȥҶһˡ
ȥȦӺͬʲôСһ⣬үҲûŮڼȥñһд
ôҲչҶŮˣǸҲø档
㿴ݣڹԸ̧ŵˣԹﻹǻἸӡ
ңӣҲǳԹĶ
ɮ棬Ҳÿ档
ðɣڶɩķϣȥɵȥ¥ҿһ֧ӿɳʱˣͷЩ
⻰Ҫհ
㿴һ̰ﰵޣɨһ˿ȴӦúúãһȥãҺܳʱҲûˡ
ӣֵȥˡ
㽩һЦСһȥȦӺͬ
ڼڷ
ǰӣѾ˼ׯӣ˵ǣϸȥӣֱڣֻǳ糤˼ҵׯһ߳
϶ӰǲĶصӣǰˣ
ֲʳôһׯӣҲˣ
һ뵽ׯϵׯͷ飬ͷ۵Ľ
ֵأһҲǳҶүС󣬶ֻһ飬£ʫ䣬Ͳֵ¡
Ƕµũ飬ǺݳǳĴӣǳ͢ƷԱֵ£޹ء
ɽգȴڷֵص¡


822

㣬ôˣү˲ûͦĵģʲô£
С㵽һδС㣬㽫ԺùдţǰԺҳ馡
ɫʮѿʵ磬ӣûȥİ磿
æôˣڳ£СĲˮƵĺš
ཱུϸߣίҲΪİãİɩˣûŰһС檣ǣİ粻ʶģȻҸճţҡ磬˵İǲǷˣҿӣԸ⣬ҲôҰοҿɶΪãлҵˣôңʵ̫ҵˡ
һڣǸ״
馶ʱŭˣģҲ̫ˣǰڼŰһЩҷȴô㣬ţҵȥﻹûֵܽˡ
磬İֳﲻپǣֳģ͵öչ˵ܡûĴ˵
磬Ҳ㣬ҵСӿİ磬šİԽȻֻϯһŮˣϯƾʲô
ҿ˵ˣƽȴû̵ȥϯûиϯһССģƾʲôİɩ
Ҳҵİɩ磬һҪңҲϲί
馲֪ϯ˳㣬ҲϲϯӣܲɢӣóȢҵСΪޣպ˵ܰķϡ
İ磬׬ӣǺ֡
ֻҪסպûӻã
һ뵽⣬馾¶еЦݣ㣬ģĲãҪ֪ˣҲ϶ݺѵģģȻߣһỤ㣬۸㣬ȥָ
¶ЦݣҾ֪磬Ͷ۰ˡ
Ȼֿ˵һͷ棬û򣬰ʾ馸ӡ
Ȼûܾȥһ鷿һóһŶƱ
һˣɫЩÿҲҵ馣ֻίίˡ


823

馵㰡Ҳ֪һٺ»࣬Ҳ֪ô£дŻȥҪӣûӣѾҲĻһ룬ʡŵ
ԣԭŵĲ⣬һ£ȫֳˡ
죬ۿ죬磬ҪڿҾٲѣֻܻӣ͸źСӣԴֺǣƽڹǰΪ˵ûôỨô죿
磬ɲûģⶼΪ˭
˵ţứ޵ġ
һ˿æҲ㻨ӣʵǡĵĴҸҪӣûٰҽھܾңų񣬳ҹеӶϣھ㻨ӶУƫƫһǮҡǿɶǳҹеӣҲзݡˣˣ㰡ǶĴԺ󣬶㲻ԲȣҲʡӸ㻨á
ҡҲҪ簤ֻǡ磬İΪʲôҪôǣ֪𣿡
ӣ˲ͷĺ⣬תƵ˳ϯͷȥˡ
СͲôϲƢŲİ硣
СͺϸĶŵĶȽ׽
ԣ类İ۸Լֱİ粻ϲ;һŻǻȼһ㡣
İԩҲϯԹޡ
ϯԹޣΪ֪ΪﱸĲټױϯȥױ˲١
Ȼﻹûӻð
ҪдŸİΪȫ߰ߣһǰﻹ֪İΪȻԲİ۸ǡ
Խ˵ԽӦø״
룬˱˱īֽ⣬öһдһţȥ˺ݳǡ
дȫǳϯĲǣͼӴףѳϯ˵ײϣѪˡ
ϰڽӵź󣬻룬ϯﲻ֪馺ͳ˰ͳȥʱ򣬳ϯ͵õϢ
ϯﻹĵҪҪ˰Ÿˣ
ô°
СϱȦӡ
ϯǺǣӰᣬǰ˵Ļ϶Ҳֻ˵ǲ˽ңŻңȻ㰢ңҲġ


824

ԣŻ᲻ϣĸߣӵиȨƣӲ뿴ΪȨƣڳ͢Ӫ˽ᵳվűߡ
˵㹻󣬲Ҫٸ󣬸ҪȨƣֻҪάһֲλãոպá
ţ˵պƶķá
ûӣ׾ݣҪٽһҪࡣ
ж˽ðЩҵѾ˹¹˵Ҫջȥ
Ȼóҹеӣðׯӣҵ͸ü빫УΪвҵȥ
˽ðĲҵ̫ү˻ȥΨһׯӣõǵⷿĲﹺģ̫үĹµ󣬾Ͱׯ˳馡
ǣΨⶰׯӣֲʳȴҪÿϽһ˰óӹĽͰ͵ģ಻ԡ
Ȼⶼ֮¡
ڣϯﻹûȵǰˡ
ʱŬϯ˵ճӳĸƽ˵ĵ˽һӡ
˸ۡūǣÿµǮ
˳Ԫ̫ҽһֱҲû֣뻹ǷԸһϯͬԪ̫ҽһپơ
ߵʱ򣬳뻹Ԫ̫ҽһϡ̨Ϊл
̫̫ˡ
꺢ӣеϯ˶Ⱦĵʺ򣬡̫̫˼ūȥ˹ԡ
ǺܶǶɣû˼ܲЩϯĲ£ŲŲ뿿Ĵӭϡ
ϯɨһȦûӣʵأ
ڸȾ
ϯ롣
Ⱦ˵Ԫ̫ҽδߣүүǰԺųԾơ
һʼţͬԪ̫ҽ˵ϯˣ˲ŲòȥǰԺԪ̫ҽһ
ϯţ˯ûðɣ
һʱ
ѹ֣Ҳ̫
ȥѺӱҿɡϯһĵŰʮµĶӣȾӦһãȥ˸ڡ
ûãѺӱ˹
۾˯
ϯһӣһ̲ˮȥѺӸұ
̫̫ӣ
û£Ҿͱһ
ԥһ£ǰѺӸϯﱧţѵ̫̫꺢ӣֲţҪү׽ү˯ˡ


825

ϻźɫͷͰ͵ģСͷƵģÿϯ￴ţȴ᲻ƿߡ
ĵһӣãĶÿĶ
̫̫үüͶүüŨֺڣүҲһģһִֺ񣬵촽̫̫ġȾһԣһߴӣһЦ
ϯ˵ҶҲֺ񣬻üҾõҡ
Ⱦ֣ү˵ү̫̫˵ү㣬ҿģү̫̫үϵŵ㶼̳ˣ˶񡣡
ʵ˵ү̫̫зִֺ࣬񣬿ž͸иò
ȻȾ֪ǣǰϯ˲ãǸľͱɱˣϯȫҲԼҲΪ˱֮
ϯ廹ֻһ˫־ˣСĵİѺӷԼߣöӿ˯
Ⱦ̫̫һ㻹ҪȼҪﱧүȥ˯̫̫꼦ﱧ
ȾǵϯȼʱһСģ˺ô졣
ϯ᲻öӣȾĻﱧ˶ӡ
ȳ극Ԫ̫ҽ󣬾ͿСϱˣȾιȼ
߹ȥȾϽӹȥι̫̫
ǡ
Ⱦȥˡ
ϸϸĴСϱСϱɫЩ԰ɫǺܺã۵ţֻܹ˺ԼС
Ԫ̫ҽ˵ˣգĲͷͿԷһƬ˲Σ油ӣЩָ
˲Σˣ
ϯǵãӺ˳δԣҲû˲ƬƼŵ˲ΣӦûõġ
ѾʮƬĸеģԭʱ˲ƬԵģԪ̫ҽ˵ˣ䣬һ㸾Ҫ׳࣬Ҳһ㸾Ҫɼ֡
ϯԣЦʱ̫ۣҼǵһ߶˺һѡ
ȻҲô졣
һ˵һһιһȣһһ뼦ûˡ
Ѿȥʢһ
ˣԭͲôϯ˲죬ȥѺӱ˯
ɡ
ѿһߣ˾ϯߡ


826

ȣⴰҲܿԷ紵š˵ķҲȵģĸ˴ˣԺҲͷ۲
ͷˣպ׵ͷҲϴţһ¶ôӣСʪӽ
ʲôģ֣ǻСĵչġǴӹģչиҲѧġ
Уһ£ֻܹԼ壬Ӿͽչˣӣ壬ںͺҲ٣֮һ£ʲôҲҪܣֻܺԼУ£ȳ
鹫ϸĳϯﲻٻ
ϯů̵ģͷӦá
ˣͻȻôһƯŮϡĳ鹫޲ųš
˲ٲӵҩģҩĵĿⷿͿˣǿɶǹҩģҲϯˡ
鹫˵Ѿ߳룬հһϴᣬҲһˣôҲҸᣬúýʶһ¾ǵȨ󡣡
ϯʱһ£ﶼҪˣ̰Ͳ뾩ȨԶһЩأ㵹ãӲҪѰȦȥ
ֲǳ͢٣һɢ֮ˣʶЩȨʲô
ǹҪѰٰ͢ɣ
뷨һϯоӲˡ
Ҳ֪֪ĹΪǺãԣǲܾܾòЦǺǵĸл
л̡ϯкεĵ
鹫Цһ飬Ѿ˸ǼõϽȥ˿ţ˲٣ӣûŮд˿ɲУգ㰢סҲ㰢æдˣͲõϴ顣
鹫һжźˣϯﻹ˵ʲô
ϯָм鹫л
̫ɽ鹫˺ϯҲûаճ鹫˵Ĳܶӡ
ÿ˰ѶӱߣͶ׽׽úϤζ
ϼι§Ŷ˵죬˵鹫ĻȱŹܶӣɻߣôҲ˵ڡ
ʮ»̥Ķӣôܲܣ
ôܲŶ࿴һۣ
һպӳˣֻ׽׽Ǹģ
һóô˼ҸԼ̺ӣԼӸ̵顣


827

ӣԼ̵ġ
Ϊ˵ĸֻ̺ʱܸеᵽĸѪָо
ˣ۾ˣڿЦءϯＤֵ֣Ϲȥ
һЦˣӴСӣϡء
ճյСӤʲôǳԱ˯˯ԣɰȻЦϸе⼫ˡ
ϿСһ˫ĺ۾ĶϯʱһĶʱޱȡ
ӴЦˣЦˡϾﰡôС֪ˣˣ϶һǸ˶
Ǵɲ
ϯϣıԶ˳ᢵı¡
Ѿͳȥˣվϴ磬вҪҪ㣬ܾ
μϴĿˣһ㽻õĸˣӵĸˣǳҲǿء
ϯ廹˶ˣϯӦƣۣӰָ
ϯû£ڻָĺܺá
Ҳܾһ㹫̰һ£һŹ
ϵĻϯﵹûġ
Ȼ˵ڶգǰףصĹǣϯʱҲֻһСֻϯϯ
ֻǣôһˣ⡣
ôһ⡣
Ӿٰϴ磬Ϊõĳ㣬׵ĿңȻҲӵ
źСһġ
˺󣬳ͽҪСֶȻѿСҲϯԺ
ֻǣϯӣСһδǧ㲻ܽӣֻԺµʯͷš
һ˽ϯӡ
鹫һȺ˸ո뿪ŵƼȾˣһȺȥϯſû˿أôֱӽȥˡ
ϯڶŪأŲ̧ͷ
ǳ㣬ϯ͵Ƕˣģõ衣
ӣĺܺϯɫƤϸ۵ĶˮͼʵĺһյߣһϯﻳĺӣôôС
ųյĺӣô˭ҵĺӣǱһҹ֮䴵ѽ
İɩ˵㣬ǣҾûмôͻݵӣ˵㻳ʱڣİɸͰˣôһͨҲİ簲ţ


828

ȾĸѾߣǴС͸İߵģĸѾ߿ɶҰİ簲ŵͨİɩôͲûڼ䣬İǶ˷
ĵ棬˵ֻλεѽ
ҪĸѾߣһһⷽ˼ǻԩϯﰡ
ڣϯףĸѾߣİŮ̺Ҳû£Ҳ룬ȥ롣
ⲻϯﻹûڣͿͻߵſڣλƼ̲סˣ˵̫̫һӵģֳܶܵˣҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ɩĸȻҼ̫̫ģĳɩҲɩӲǣôôɩ˵أﻹûɩѽ
̫̫ô𾴣ϰ֪ô
Уϰ˰ĸѾ߰үʱ˵ǵĻ£պδ̫̫ţϰ˲ܣϰ˿ɴû˵Ҫǳү̫̫ͨ⻰Ǵģū澵Ҫȥһ£˭Ҫū̫̫͸ģ
Ƽм嶯һʱܲ˵İѳѵһ١
ˣ㡭ôĵӣ˵㲻ûФİ磬㶼ҵİɩѵˣ㡭˭ĵӣİ𡣡
ãˣƼӴ󣬲үģҸġϯ䵭
Ӷõһź󣬾ǹү飬ҵǲ֪үôȻ˹ү£ǲؾһ£ү֪ˣ϶˵ҵ˶á
ɣҸһλڵѾߣҾ͸÷úˣҲҶԶõĹģСѾߣȥŶã̶̹÷۰ˣҿ˵ˣ÷λòɰء
㲻ɣ۾
ʱŭˣİɩҶΪãҪ֪һǱ֪˲ͲݣһʸҲ뱻֪ʵһʸɣ
ţҲ⡣ϯĵҪԼͻݣ磬Ҹ÷ͼƯѾ߹ȥ
һѾߣóĳѪͼӻܺùȥ


829

밡ĻҲȥĳʲô飬һԣҲðһѡ
ǰǰ룬ǣòſǺҿĺѡ
ҹϵõү׷վҪһȥ
үѾԸӴ·ϯ
ҲֻøϽϡ
ǺһЩˣҲû˼ȾƳˣȥˡ
Ƭ̺鷿һĻª󣬾ͱŵײˡ
鷿ͷͷңɫŵĳ뿵ҶСʱһɻֱš
ĺö磬Ȼ鷿ͷɳȲҪǶҵ档
磬ȳȥǴ·ٳ¡
ܿô㣿
ȳ˵꣬ͻȻ洫һŭ
תͷȥǿвүĹվŵģǿвүҴү÷򿵼Ҷү
вһ˫۾ͨ죬ָų馵ָڲһ馣㾹Ȼ̣ҿвС㣬㡭㡭
ǵͨ죬һҪϲ
ôæĺ󱳣ȻҲֻܰѶü޸馣ǿвС㣬ɲܸ檣ôҲҪȢȥӡ
ߡ馣գ㲻ǿһҾȥǵ״֪Ůѻ٣ˣ֣ҲǸвһû
вһ˦š
üĿ⣬ɨ˶ڳڿŮӣһȻ˵ı顣
ڣԸߣûԹ鷿Ȼ˿̱˶鷿ˣֻ¾ˡ
СϱŸûգһŮˣСϱֻ»ıŶӻغݳǲɡ
ߵԺȺУ˳ĺĿв͵ү£ҸϷģһһ
вˣԳ뻹ǲҵģϾ뱳һƽɽԣвɫǻ˻˵ȻѾΣǳýȥвװɡ
ҲֻӦá
ͷȴǻɳ㡣
һӣʱϣÿҪ檵飬һΣᵽ˿С֡
鷿﷢¡ܿͲµࡣ


830

鷿飬ܿʹϯͷ
ϢˣǸմǰԺƼ
Ƽ̫̫̫̫ûأȻڽĴͷҪү£Ҳȡ裬ûƵүȻƵ˶ү̫̫ӣɲͬٸү檡
үﻹ𣿶һҲࡣ
Ҳ̫̫ͬҲͬ⣬ү˿ܿףѾɲ⡣
ֻ£вˣԸÿܿ檡˵
ϯҲͷҾĲµĲвļҶȲϣοӡңвǲÿСһ̻֮Ůϥһӡ
ףҪôѵҪöүޣȻȢƼ˼Ĳµ
ϯ˵Ҳ²ⲻĻӦƽޡ
үѾޣвǱŶүȢĻȥвҲο£;ס飬һ֪ǿԼƵĺôպ󣬿вͻΪ˵Ц
ԣΪһŮҪвˮȥִ£в˿ɲɡ
ܿϾǿвС㣬òС㣬ȥ馵Ҳȷʵ˿в
ԣÿܿ޸ƽޣõһ
ү飬жүԼվסһǱߵ飬˵˵ͺãǲΪϣϯ˶Գ
뵯һţҲ룬ǱߣһǵдһŹȥ˵
ͻȻһϱ֪
ɩӡǱߣֻ»Ҳ֪󰢸ܲסǣϯﵣĵ
˵ģӡҲһֻĲƣǲΪ壬ǽ£ö˲٣ǱҲ϶֪£պ绹Ҫһ²ס
ԣ鷿﷢ĳ£˳һѡ
ȴֹ˳馵Ǩ֮·
ΪûһʵۻһԼĿܲסĳӡ

գýţȥвס
ȻϯϣвҪܿƽ֮£ʹӦ
źӡûΪһӣȻ֮Ȣ˼λΪĸӣǣ׶ӡ
Ӻӣվǲһġ
ζҪһλ̳Լ
ǣӡȴ壬ٸӡ
ֲ֮ˣӡȥ
ԣźһֱвҴš
ȢһλݸߵӡϲҸֵƽޣôûеӣ
鷿飬ܿʹϯͷ
ϢˣǸմǰԺƼ
Ƽ̫̫̫̫ûأȻڽĴͷҪү£Ҳȡ裬ûƵүȻƵ˶ү̫̫ӣɲͬٸү檡
үﻹ𣿶һҲࡣ
Ҳ̫̫ͬҲͬ⣬ү˿ܿףѾɲ⡣
ֻ£вˣԸÿܿ檡˵
ϯҲͷҾĲµĲвļҶȲϣοӡңвǲÿСһ̻֮Ůϥһӡ
ףҪôѵҪöүޣȻȢƼ˼Ĳµ
ϯ˵Ҳ²ⲻĻӦƽޡ
үѾޣвǱŶүȢĻȥвҲο£;ס飬һ֪ǿԼƵĺôպ󣬿вͻΪ˵Ц
ԣΪһŮҪвˮȥִ£в˿ɲɡ
ܿϾǿвС㣬òС㣬ȥ馵Ҳȷʵ˿в
ԣÿܿ޸ƽޣõһ
ү飬жүԼվסһǱߵ飬˵˵ͺãǲΪϣϯ˶Գ
뵯һţҲ룬ǱߣһǵдһŹȥ˵
ͻȻһϱ֪
ɩӡǱߣֻ»Ҳ֪󰢸ܲסǣϯﵣĵ
˵ģӡҲһֻĲƣǲΪ壬ǽ£ö˲٣ǱҲ϶֪£պ绹Ҫһ²ס
ԣ鷿﷢ĳ£˳һѡ
ȴֹ˳馵Ǩ֮·
ΪûһʵۻһԼĿܲסĳӡ


831

ڣϯΪƽĴүպ󣬻ƽүΪδҵڸƽˣƢ̫嶯֪ת䣬ɲá
ˣһӣ̫̫ڶĽ̵ΪһڸҪ
磬ΪĸŮ˾ٰ˻ӭ磬һ˹㡣
˿һûϯۿˡ
ƽķԸӣ;δžȥ԰ߣϤĻ
ǣ
ллӡ
ģϯһǰһ
˳ȥϯֺǺǵĸˣȥԼͬȥķƹ˵ȥˡ
ͬƹʱһϯҶӣССģ˷£ҪϹֺöԷ
񣬲Ƕ̶ʱͬҡһ䣬˾Ȩ󣬵ǣͬȴʼռǵ÷ƹΣ˷ƹͬʮּ˿ûӵŷƹѯݳǵ
һһҲлġ
ƹѺݳļ£һһ˵ͬ
һߣ̫̫Ҳϣ˵ݳǵļ¡
ļҵ¡
ǰ̫̫һŮĴүԶã̫̫ҵֶŮ
̫̫檣ߵȢҵĹأҲûӶϱֱýţµ¡
Ĵүô֪Ѿˡ
һºŮӽļţĴүȥȢġ
£ಢδĬĬάűϵϣǣûãүȴƥ͸ļ̫ү檡
̺˵Ĺ򣬿˵˿ɵС
ļ̫үʮˣˣС檣ɰֻˣһһ£ЪС檵
̫̫ոϱ˶£ϱת͸˶£̫̫һѪ
̫̫һŭ𣬾뾡취ĥ࣬⵱ֶ̧Ůݣѹ档
һΣΣ˵κҲǽ·ݣͻȻļҵĹ˻Ͼһļ֮⡣
ǳүģԺļҲιɺ
Ҫ֪ļҲιɺһ棬ļһ룬ҪǳҲļҲιɺˣļһУҪһ棬ôС


832

ļ̫үʹӣŸǸ
󣬿ڳķϣҰļȥĹˣļҵĹܼȨȴ˳ࡣ
̫̫ܼȨᣬ̫үݺݸһٺ󣬾Ҳ׽
һε£̫̫棬Ҳ˺ݳǵЦ
ݳǷĵڶ£Ȼϲ˱ƽ̧ȥС檡
ʲô˵ļ޸˰ᰵķ
Ϣ̫𾪣ϼҪϯôǿյ׵ֶŮ
ϲμҵĴЦϯްͲøϽ޳ȥֻϲ۹ߣ̫͵˼ңϣеˣȢһ
ȥûãμҾͽȥݳǣסһʱ䣬˭֪ȥǰϲͻȻƽĴ˵Ǳ˵˱Ӵǽһ
ģΪϲ졣
ȥǰμһЦв˶μҶϾϯңʱϯ̫̫Ҫˣ˵Ҳһˡ
·Ѿһ£ֻѾһϢˡ
ԣʮָпϯ̫̫ǿһӣû뵽Ȼߵӡ
ϸ̱ʱΪϱϯȥ˵ʤֻ̼ǣһֱǣһѾڵʤ̼ϯ뿪ϯҴ󷿡
Ѿߣһֱڵʤ̺ϡ
뿪ݳʱ˰Ѿߺ˻˾ǣֻǣѾߺϯҴ󷿾Ȼû˺úԸ̺ϡ
ϯҴ̺ϯ÷ˣǱڵĲԸٽϵһôչ
϶ִģʱˣǶ̺ʵû취ҲֻǷ̺
ˣϵһһ
ò׳Źȥ궬գ˽꿪˵ľжȥһ롣
϶ȥꡣ
ϯ̫̫ȥ˵ĻҪҪȥݣ̫̫ʵ
ѾϯǨ˳Ѿϯҵˣϯ̫̫ȥգǲԶ飬ǻɸ¹ȥǿĸͷ͵ǿڹ̫үϰɡϵ
̫̫ͷϵĴ
˵ϯʱ϶ãܺã뺼ݳôԶҲȥ


833

̫̫˵˵ϯүҲҪˣϯֻ̫̫ǻǰߡ
Ŷˣ꿪ʱϯҴһСӣ⼸ϯҴΨһĴϲ°ɡ
̫̫˵һЩӡҵ顣
ӡҺȢϱԸ˵һ۾ֵӡҼȮ
ˣ˭ҲǺǵģһǣ첻µز£һĻǿ˴һ𣬾ɲ|һ㣬һȼ
޽ӡһû£ͰţߥӡҶүߵѾߣ͸ӡүů|
ˣȥǰ״ҪŰѾߣ͸ӡ檣ҪŽѾֱ̧Ϊ
ӡ̫̫һֱտۣϱҲû
յۣӡ̫̫ˣһɽζ󣬶ӡ̫̫Կࡣ
ˣӡ̫̫ͺա
һĺֶĳӡ̫̫ӡ̫̫绢˵ʲôӡ̫̫ȥԸա
ⲻһ˵ӡ̫̫òѾߣ͸ӡԸӡһҪշҲѧ˳һУҲҵҼһƥ͸ӡҴүá
һ£ɰӡ̫̫ˡ
ӡֱ̫̫ӱˣȻҪ̼
ܳһ£ӡ̫̫Ҳһ£ԴҲˣ̼һ¡
̶һ£վͱڵһȦ⡣
Ϊϱ˼ٶ࣬Ҳ˵̼Ļԣӡ̫̫ĵѣҲֻš
ϱڵĺˣջϵĺˣһ´˵ӣպ󶼲׻УӡҲǹڵģȥϼòײŻϵĺӸˣӡ̫̫ҲڵĽҲûãûˡ
̫̫˵⣬ƲƲ죬һĲмӡ˵ڶΪ
Ҳһϧ϶˺ӣӡ̫̫ҲǣôͿžĥϱ
ǲ֪Լ֪Ȼʵʵӡ̫̫ĥ
һ£ӡ̫̫ϱǳˡ
˵⻰ʱϵı飬ЩϧЩֻ
ϯ˵һ죬ӡҺϯǳˣӡ˹Ĳãϯͻܸˡ
ŮˣģȻҲˡ


834

ĸŮຼݳǵ顣
ӡңϯңϲ£ϯҲƼȾ˵ĿУ֪Ϣ
֪պ󣬶кӣϯﻹ𾪵ֱ׾࣬սҲ̫ǿˣŹŶãͺӡ̫̫֣պһӶʧȥȨ
áƼƲƲ죬һˣûһö˽
˶٣ֵС˵̫̫αүϻغݳǺӡһ˼Ҫӡ㺭޸үϧүϲӡ㺭ܾ¡
ӡ㺭ûżңϯüͷšӡ㺭˶żҵȥҪϹˡ
Ƽߺߵӡǿ̫̫ˣҪŮ
ӡ㺭ֻ¾ǸүİɣӡѾϰˣֻϰһֱûӦҲûӡ㺭
ϰӡ㺭ϲʱ򣬳үҪӡ˱ƻˡ
С˵֮ǰȥ˳һˣϰ˵ʱڼ֧һλС㣬Ҫү࿴ˡȾԥһ£˵˳
ƼһҵС㣬Ƕʶһλ
С㡣
Ƽһ˿죬Ƕһ𣿡
˵ʮʱˤɽ£ûˡ
˻ûţδˣˣⱻ˵ǿ˷֮ˣû˸Ȣ
С˵үм˼һ棬͵ˡ
һɣүŻ᲻⼾˷ϰˣȥס
ò˶ãү׵飬ͻᴫ
ү֮ǰ£
ûɡ
Ϊʲô
֪үȥ˵ףԷҲû֣˵ĺ˳
ү׼֮ǰϰ˻Ϊһ£Էһֱõһ˼ҵŮֻǣûãͻȻһ죬үţ¸ˡ
ԷȻһҲ˵ԹԵİѳүĸ˻
Ѿߣߴߴ۳үĻ¡
ϯˣЦүĻ£²ǳҵĴĻ֪ġ
̫̫֪ƼԵ۾ǲү̫̫ģ
ǼҲȥæˣǶȥʱ̺򡣡ϯûߣֱӰѼѾ߶ǲȥˡ


835

磬Ϊ˽ӷϴ飬Ҳฮϡ
磬ĸŮҪϯʱѾһŰ߽˵Сˡ
һ㶣
Ѿ߳ȥϾ͸ĸŮ͵ˣԻңǰı㣬ңҵĴˡ
Ȼ˵ҵļ
̫̫ԶԷةฮϵˣɫ˼֣⾩ǵȨˣǲǺܴҡ
ţǸˡ
СһţľϺ̫̫˽̸׽棬һԣһС
С㶢ϸĴ˼ۣȻһмתߣϣЦ߹ȥĸ˵㸮ϣᣬҺ׾͸Ϲˣĸ᲻ӭɣ
ӭӭǸϵɣҪϯءӭŻĸŮֱߡ
ϾĸŮĸŮ
ھͷΣǴһƷھˣ̫̫æǷ
ЦŶԻĸŮĸŮǰĸ̫̫Ǿǰδޡ
Ц˵ںݳǶһ£һֱԵĵɺϣֻû뵽Сδޣǳôÿ
һ˵ţһߴһкȥ׽С
һμ棬û׼õļҵޣɱ
˵ģʮֶĶˡ
һء
ĿŻϣΪôˣȴһ껪СƵģ
һ뵽Էݸ߸ϣţûʳڡ
ϣ񣬷·ϣܲ£
Ҳе˼
ϵǰıãҲıãǳͣɴǣ°ɡ
ŵͷǷллˣϲ
ߣûӡ
һҲ˾䱦ƵģŮӣǰµ
Сڳ˶ˣϵɫڳȥŭȵɺ˵
ף˵ˣ㿴

ȣ
ʱίͰͣϣĸ


836

棬ﲻͷġ
׻˵򹷻ÿأοĶϱ棬ĶϱҲٴ
һСڴڣȻȣ
ͷԸ˵ϣǿڵ㣬ͻС̵ͺˣ̈́e˵ˡ
ǱǸ⺢ӣǱǸ軵ˣȻ
ûϵҼҾﲻġ̫̫ڻϿʱæѻӹ
ô죿
˼һƷھˣҲһСС̻֮ҡ
ܰСô죿
ֻܰԸˡ
̫̫ҪưͿȴ᲻Լϱ󣬻Ҫί
ϿǰδޣҲɩɩǣضպ󣬵ҽ̻ɩأٶȥ䣬ĸչ˵ɩ
Ȼû𱸣Ҳڰʾͷĵλ
ʾҪ֮ǰһ˭ˡ
ͻСûϵİʾȴ϶άʱˡ
۾죬ţһ仰ҲŲҪչءȻܳȥˡ
ϼˣ죬Ĳ׷ȥñС¡
ǣٷˡ
Ĳæȥ׷ˡ
ϵǵĿϣ㣬ǲ˵ʲôˣôᷢôƢأ
ϲ²͸ȴװס
ԼŮͷʲôģôֻܿǡŮֻһԸˡ
Ͷ£ҿ̫̫֮׽ǵĹϵܺã˿Ϊ뺼ݳǵľԶ¾ͻưա
²ˣҪһţֻ֪»ᱻ˳Ц󣬻ֵһɵľ档
ҪģҵĹϵҲ˶϶뿴ľ档
ȻȥúúȰȰǡ
ǺжеǣαؾͶһء
Ҳżû£ܳȥһͻˡѹͷ뷨ϵ
˵꣬Ըߵȥ
ƺһ⺢û¾ͺãĿϰµģҪǰһðﰲοڣӣҾûˡ
ҲҵĲԣҾͲôӰǵ顣һǸ


837

ִͷժһ֧ʵĵĳӣﰡƢԣⶼû̺ã㶮Щeһʶ
ӣ͵ҴǸģҲeȥ
һƷھˣϣﻹ˼²š
ޱȵӣʾû
Цˣĵˣϯɣ˶Ҫˣǻϯлȳ극˵
Ϊˣæżϯ
ԷʱҶû˵ʲôȳˣϾȥ԰ɢɢʳ
ŤŤˣȥɢҾͲȥˡͰԼˣ극ȥǰԺ鷿֡
˵֣ʵһĵط˵˵˵ѡ
ЦһСҼҲûʲô˵ģˣԸȥɡ
Цŵл͸뿪
ŻϺ̫̫ȥ˺԰
һȥϯԺ
ֻǣϯﻹӣһδС㣬ǲܽӷģֻĺƼˣ̺óԷ
ĽʺﻹԵ·ཱུĵģƼǲǸϤ
СҼ̫̫ĺùۣСϤСС㣿ƼЦģһӡ
ߺߵһӣΪأҲ֪ǲϹ۾ôͿһС㣿
v˶֣ҪڣͻȻ뵽ĺƼϯѾߣǶǰСvˣһȥϯϯٸϯǱϯ֪δô
ʱɲĿڡ
Ŀִͷժһ֧ʵĵĳӣﰡƢԣⶼû̺ã㶮Щeһʶ
ӣ͵ҴǸģҲeȥ
һƷھˣϣﻹ˼²š
ޱȵӣʾû
Цˣĵˣϯɣ˶Ҫˣǻϯлȳ극˵
Ϊˣæżϯ
ԷʱҶû˵ʲôȳˣϾȥ԰ɢɢʳ


838

Ҳûеĺ⣬Цû뵽С㾹Ȼжһ͵˵İá
ʶã꣬üͷĸˣҲˣӦʶˣǴԺģֻǣã۸𣿡
һģ磬Ϊôʣ
ΪʵĲ۸
Һ˽һ۸˵ˣǶԷǵ
ԣǻ۸δˣʹһ̻֮Ůƾʲôܵõĺǻ
ɫһ䣬ŭȣɩòɶԾﲻ
ߡ磬Ȣһ̻֮ŮΪޣպ;ûʲôôڵġ
ĶŽţŭһ䣬ܿˡ
Ҳ뿪Ϊ˵Ļ
Ӳ￴ǱЦ
ˣɫģȻǲҲΪСĻе
ǲҲںҶף
ǲˣ
һʳܻ˺ѷε⡣
̧֣һƬͷϵҶôңˣ
Ǻڣȥˡ
㶼֪֪ҪǺҶ˷ܵ˯žҹΪˣ蹳Цҡ
Ұﶼŵ֮ˣһ˲ɳǵԶŵοҶ꣬Ϊĳ˻ͷ
˵ˣĻƽĵ̳ˡ
ֻҪڣ㲻;;ҲٻҸĹһӡ
ΪһЩȨƣԼİŮˣȻȥȢһİŮӣһûоԼ˼ʹеӣ
ֲɵӲҪȥԼʹ
͡ڵԽԽˡͻȻЦĵȫʧˣҲ鿪Цˣ˵Խ˵ˣԽǿס㿴򣬲ܶ˭һرǶŮˣûһɫڶϰʱȴˮᣬȫ˰һˣҲҪһģǣպҲҪһծòãȻŮ˺ʲôƶŪġ


839

ڱһ֣ĸ鵹Խ࣬˻ȥ˾Ĺ԰ﻮȥˡ
ϯƼĻ㱨
ڵ֪ϯüۼһ˿ЦұȷʵǱĸĸ߻ˣȻԾڲѷô˵ҲǰδޣҲǿҰ밢ء
̫̫£ҪҪȥ˼ǰ˵һ죿ƼСʵ
ϯ˰֣ҪС¶ѣţͰܰƽ
֥С£Ҳȥǰ״ѹ̵ʲôˣ
һεģˣҪй̷
Ƽһ˵̫̫;СҪȥƽ̽ͺүֻǣūӷ˵Ҫ̫̫;Сںסգ̫̫Ӧˡ
̫̫ĸŮںס֪Ҳһȥʱֻ¶㲻
ϯԸžһȥɡ
û£ȥסϯַģɳºϯҲġ
Ǻĳͣϲͻˣϯɲܱ֤̻ά
õİ취߱Կ
Ҳֹﱻơ

һ磬̫̫Ȼȥƽݼ鹫
ĸŮûãϷ˾ʹȥˡ
ڳˣһ֮£ȥ˻ңǣ˶һһ
ȥ˺żˣæĴɽϷȥ˺
ⲻŵ͸һѿŻϷ˺ͳ鹫棬ָǸ̻֮Ů䲻ƽĴү
ϵͱɫֻлϷ˺ͳ鹫ڳҲúǳĴ
ί֣ģһ֮ˣǺγȻ㶨ףͲ֮ˣǰѡϱѡ
⻰˵ģҲ˵̫̫鹫ͻϷġ
Ȼڵڸѡϱԣᷢ¡
ϷǳСɩȻһЩ£ԸģԺ㲻ʲô̻֮Ů


840

˿ǸĻ
죬һģţ֥ˣȢһ̻֮Ůʵ̫ίˡ
Լѡ£ôίϵĵԾĸ飬ɲǳԾġ
ĸǰڱݲͬˣ޵ȻҲһˣǰһ̻֮ӣݱͣ統Ȼ᲻⣬ڣƽĴүǾǵȨôȢ̻֮Ůӣ
Ȣ檣ݶˡߺߵ
̫̫ģǽһŭɣҪǻϷ˺ͳ鹫ڣҪŮ뿪
Ҳ̫۸ˡ
ϯԸϸȥ׵ģڣϯȫһԾţ˹ˣȴƲˡ
ˡ
ô̫̫֪һ˶άҵġ
ֻǡ
ֱ̫̫Եҵǲ֪һõģȻܵ˱ĻˣԭǾѫҵĹأ
ҵļҽ̷ˣϷ˲òڣ˵̫̫ѾͷСǼϵĸ軵ˣ˵Ļȥ
ѾͷڳЦҲѹ׼ĸϵĳ˳ǣպЩǱ˵ˣǰ׼ӣЦЦôҵĶӣǿһðպߵ̫ǣվǶǳСС֮ңʲĳ
⻰Ͼ˵ĺӲ룬Ҫһް㡣
鹫ʱŮ겻ͬϯѾôˣȷʵҲǸŰһԺ󣬻עɡ
ڳģ˭Ҳɵӣ԰ǵ˼Щɾˣһ۾Ϳˡ
ļʺޣǺΡ
Ϸ˰̾һҲʮˣҲ˶żҵͣҸ˵˵ҸżңȻˣ궼Ҫ˸ȶˡ
ҲŲҪô綨żңţȥ㣬Ҫ˵ҡ´β˵ɩˡ
鹫ͻϷ˾Ȼڰ˵ﰵޣȴ÷
Ȼĸ˵Щżң
˵үฮܣǲģ鹫ͻȻ


841

һƲƲ죬˵ȥһֻۼʮүһӣջڳ¥
鹫šüɱô˵үýţҪȥף
鹫ƢǸõģں׽һԳң˿̣ȴԳƱɼ˵̬ȣѾ֮ǰ䵭˼֡
ңǰ軵ˣȻãҪ棬ƻĻ¡
Ծź󣬾ҵ£⾩˻ô˵л
˵壬ޣ
԰ɲá
ȢôҲᱻ˰ǿ
˵ˣͬһˣ֮ˣԼˣδ޵
Űףڱͬһ
òףⳤʱ֮׽Ҫ϶
鹫ɲּɵƻԼҸ
ҵǾãүվһ䣬һԣһ˫䡣
ҡҲҪ޸үҡ
ۼҪ˵泤鹫ĻϷæΪãɲ˭Ҫġ
ţ£Ųսȥʥּ鹫ԻϷ˵
ϷҲͷһİš
鹫ֹȻ԰һ˼ֽˡ
ôڻϷ˵ϣ鹫ѡһλү䣬ȻүһɢүûȨҲֻ֪޹ôҲү޸Ǿ
ͷΣ˹Ĺ⣬˼ɶҪġ
ȴ⡣
Ͱ͵ĿϷˣţҲ
ԡϷ˻㱣ýĸ㻹л
ҪǸүҪл
ŭҪȴò鹫ͷ鹫͵Ӧˡ
գ鹫ûںס
ڶգ鹫Ľ˴ͻʥּ
ʥּĹּʱŽּͿһ˫۾ȴòʥּĹǿһ˿Ц
ฮС㣬ҲԵĿּ
ֻǣһڶȫͷϡ


842

ͻ֮󣬾ͱҵ˹Ժﱸޣš
ڳ鹫ϵά̫̫еһ϶ƽס
֮ţι䣬˾Ǹ󾰵㣬Ա˾ǴС¥ҲԱ˾ǴС¥ĵĲˮ
СĿʱʷƷвˣպ󣬾ʹϢ馱ƷԱֱӳ˴ƷԱңһʥּ馵˾ǣȥ˴һ޵֪ˡ
ǰȥεӣպҲǳȢ޵ĵڶա
ϯϢֱ׾࣬ү£ôͱʷˣ
ڱ󶯵֡
ϣ§Сϱ˯ʱĸ
˵ҰĲСΪûŬǰûǣҲûҪ;ڣôһûᣬôܻ
£Ѿɸ봫ţ˰Ҳͬġ
ǰͬ⣬ҲԶôġ
ǣҪ־͹ֶҰ̫֪ƽǣ˹ϵ󣬾ҪϵΪ̨ףҪפڸ
ϯ˽ֲУȴòֵֵѴҲΪãΪ˳ҺãֻǣˣֻպҲõϵãǱߣ᲻£
ô˶ˣҾ£ǿС㻹ܼ޳ȥɣ
Ǽ޸ССҪͽ῵ңŮǲ֮ˡ
ϯҲֻһ£ײףŲܡ
ǳ馵顣
οǿҲʲôöȻӰϴʱҪŮˡ
湻Ҫġ
ںˣ馱ȥ˴Ҫǿܿ޸˳馣ھǣǸȥأ
ܲڻȥݳסɣ
һ뵽պغݳǣܻҪͿܿסһϯͶĵҪ
ϯǱߵӣɲù˵Ǳ߷ɳﻹֲʳÿգǱߵϰնᶳܶˣүȥǱߣҲ֪ܲӦпܿ²ˣܸŶүһȥ𣿡
Ƕ飬ǲÑġ
Сϱıʱˣ˯ˣһ磬С㻹Ҫء
Сÿ糿Ա󣬶Сʱ˯ҲһУΨһʱ䣬඼˯Ҫǳˡ


843

Сϰߺÿ糿緹ϯﶼСϯĵĶ˵öϤϰζ
ү׵ǵ͹ȥ˯ǰϯﶣ˳һ䡣
ǰ͹ȥ󣬿ȥףʱﻹû
뿴СϱһСӣЦˣţġ
ϯĲ²⣬ܿӡ֤ˡ
պ󣬿ȥˣҪųд飬馼ֿܿﶼĶӣס
馱ᣬΪܿ
Ϊ£ˣպҪɲףԣ֮£Ҳֻܽſôš
ȻǿҵĶ̣ǣҶүһӣڿҲûʲôλܿȻҲŮɺôСǱڿҲ˵µģҲǿҵŮ
պֻҪſŮͷΣͲûٱĻᡣ
̵ĳ馣˵ʲôҲס
ϰѿܿĸ˻Ҳϰѿҵ˻Ҽ˲ˣӣҲֻðѿܿ޸˳馡
ҲǲΪһʧȥŮٴڸ
˳׵ĵڶգ馾ʹſ޿Ŀܿ뿪˾ǣ̤ȥ·
ڳ馵ӺʹӶھѧѧС̫СʺϸԶ·ͼӾͱ˾ǣֻ˿ܿûõȥ˴
Сϰߺÿ糿緹ϯﶼСϯĵĶ˵öϤϰζ
ү׵ǵ͹ȥ˯ǰϯﶣ˳һ䡣
ǰ͹ȥ󣬿ȥףʱﻹû
뿴СϱһСӣЦˣţġ
ϯĲ²⣬ܿӡ֤ˡ
պ󣬿ȥˣҪųд飬馼ֿܿﶼĶӣס
馱ᣬΪܿ
Ϊ£ˣպҪɲףԣ֮£Ҳֻܽſôš
ȻǿҵĶ̣ǣҶүһӣڿҲûʲôλܿȻҲŮɺôСǱڿҲ˵µģҲǿҵŮ
պֻҪſŮͷΣͲûٱĻᡣ


844

Сǰһգ̫̫ڳԶһСլӣ£밢ʱⶰլӾ͸ޡ
Сİ¾ƺĵգĸŮʹƽ˳סԼҵլ
Сһϯǡ
̣ˣ䣬ø·Щĵ
ϯ֣Ȥǲ᲻ð
ҲûСķǣȴ᲻ãһ뵽λغݺ󣬻кܳʱϯľۡ
ϯ꣬ҲóˣʱһԶֿ
ţ֪ҺͰշҲݵķֱ𡣡ǶݰҪü氡
ҡҡͷȥ밢ϯʲôʱغݳǣ
꿪·ݰɡ
·ݲ䲻ȣôźӸ·
ЦǰغݣʲôʱǿͰ
Ⱥʱɡʱ򣬰;Ҳóˡ
ΪΨһĽ㣬ȻҪǣμӰĻ¡
£ϯû˵ﺦߡ
磬ϯڸ緹ȥ
ϣһĳˡ
ϯŹùŰˣ̫̫һȥ
ǲԸ⡣
£ɲ
һССҲΥ̫ү˭ĵӣ
ϯȥʰ̫̫պҲ׼Щùȥ
һֵ˸Ƿ壬ǱĲҵǸׯӣ˵аţһֱֲʳȥһ꣬ׯӾӣһǮûζ뿪ʱȻ˽԰ׯתƵҵ£Ҳǲ֪
ׯӣҲҪϽ˰ׯֲʳ͵Լʳȥ
ǧĶأׯͷǵĹǮׯͷլӵɷãլһôҲûǧӡ
һǧӣͰװһׯӣԣׯӵʱǱ˺ˡ
ǧӣȥˣ馻һǮûǷš
ڣׯת˳£ȻծҲת˳¡
ֻ֪Գ馺Ǻ


845

ϯԣҲԳҪ
˶ˣҲ

ϯＱеʵֲʳǹأľأܲʲôֲɣ
ҰأҰݻ᲻ҪܳݣһЩţѼҲаҲһЩ棬ܱʲôҲ֣ʲôҲÿװͷôǿ
ֵ£벻ϯﶮĶࡣ
գҾȥׯ鿴ǶɳأʳҲʮֻͨصɣʲôӣׯӵʱ˼˵ط֣Ǳ˸ƭˡ
ɳأϯȻû뵽ھǵ򣬾Ȼɳء
ϯɳȷʵߣʺʳ˵Ǳ߶ɳأǱߺֵʳǽϲһǾһֵʳͽϲһ
үҪȥĴЩũһɳأʺʲôɣ
ݳǸǷֵˮûɳأǰϯ￴һӼдɳʺϣʺֺʳֲˣҲȱղ
ϯָ㣬գԺͷǣȥ˸Ĵ
ڴ뾩һٶҲһɳء
ƬɳأҲΧһׯӣĿǰׯͷֵ

ĳ룬˵ʱϯ˵Ц̫ˣܹһĶصʱһҴȫ˵һȥҪ֪ļ۸һֱȲҪĶࡣ
Ц۸񰺹Ǿֱھα˷˷ôԶȥ뵽СϱһֱϲֲˣֲҪɳʯԺĻ棬Ҳһ
ˣ
ţҶϸʹׯˣ˵ֻҪɰʯٰˡ
ϯＤˣ˵գȥһЩӻ֡
ͨУɳܷѿ
ҺþûгԹջˣҲûóҶˣ˶֣û´һҪЩûеĲֹȻʱ䳤ˣͻԡ
ţдŻȥðһЩֹůͷһ£ܳˡ
ãүھȥдšϯЦеĴߴٳȥдţдúùȥϰˡ


846

ʮ·ݣĸŮ̻ؾǡ
һȥĻйͳõˣϯӻȥ
дţҲ˹
ֻǣɫЩѿЩͰ͵Ŀеϯ̫̫ҡĲ𣿡
ϯ̾һǻغݳǣ̫ү㲻Ҫ̫үɣ
Ӷʱһ˵ˡ
ϯϰ˻ǣǻûµġ
ǡ
ʱˣˡ
ϯﲻٱﾾȥæԸү׵Ѻȱ
㣬һҪȥ㲻ںݳǣһƵġϣϯﺰ
ϯЦŵͷһغݳǿ
˼Ƕ֮ǰһϵݳǡ
Цˣдš
ţҲҪдţк£Ҫ˸ҡϯֵ
ֱһԶˣϯҪسһ̧ͷȴ˳㼱ҴҵĴһ
İ磬أ𣿡ɨһȦûпˣͼеʵ
ƴߣ׷ȥü
ôˣôҲȵңһţҪȥء֡
ȴ˵ȥϯҪ뿪
㱼ڶǰİ磬¸˵
һãʲô˵
￴ĲͰһ뵽ڿҵ飬ҧҧϲ˵ĵطİ磬ȥǰǼҲ¥һɣ
ֹһ䣬¡ϯȥ˲¥
Ҳ뿴ĺãڳ֮󣬻Ϊʲô£
˲¥Ҫһ䣬ڳǣϯ֣Ҫʱİ磬ֻ˵˵ˣͲڳ˰ɣ
ˣȻָϯ
ʱڣɩӣɩӣǶҲȻˣҲͲҪ˵ʲôˡ
˵ţϯתҪߡ
㼱ˣİ磬ҪߣҡҴˣİɩҲһȥɡ
һϯ˰䡣
һˮģȻõСȥԸѾߣڰſڡ


847

㵽ʲô£һӣǽһ㲻ڿʲôɣ
ûУʲôίƲƲ죬ԴӶ类ȥ˴󣬿ҵ˶̬ȴת䣬رţҴĥĶˣİ磬㿴ҵģ˺ü룬ҿǰǧ󳤴ģڣڿҵĵλһѾߡ
İ磬ҰɣҲֻܰһˣҪǲңò˶ãҾͷǵڿҲɡ
Ͱ͵İ
üͷΪ£סߣ
»Ҫˣİ磬ҿãұ۸㲻ȥΪָ𣿡
Ǻǡ볰ЦˣǰһȥΪֹڡ㣬Ҳ˼˵ã
ƣѿŮʱ׸磿
һƲһӷʱ׸磬ɩӣ
ƣȥͷҰڿվȽŸʱʲô׸ģ
ͱʡ
һ䣬ıһ¡
ʵڨڨĵûʲôİ磬Ҫҡ
ߣ˵ǰϣҴүڻȥ·ϣһȺؤΧˣؤ˵ùүϳ飬ǻү·һֻү㲻УҲһغɣ
²ġ
ˣţ;Ρ
ûУûΣİ磬ѵ㻹ҿãܲűˣҰɣ
һԩ˵ίӡ
ȴΪãҲ˽顣
۾ɴ󣬡İ⻰ʲô˼
үµְɣֱʵ
ҡͷңҷģĲҡȴ˵׺䣬úʲôԡ
һһֱûԼĴڸн͵͵ϯö˵̸з
ǰ뿵ҵĵ꣬үʱСˤˤȹǣ˲зϡ
͢һзϣ̳вľλ
ˣүˤ˺󲻾ãϾͷϳ֮λвɿү̳С
Ҳǳķ
㣬Ҳ˳˿вٷˡ


848

ǰϯ֪º󣬻̾һһٷˣȻҲлΪˡ
ȻڣϯȴоǰҴүһ׹֮²򵥡
ڵĳ㣬˵ѡ
ԭô磬ڶԿү֡
ԭү׹֮£˹Ϊ֮
ҿӣ㻹ֹһζԿү֣пÿζʧˣΨ׹һγɹ
һγɹԡ
һγɹͳɹİѿүӲ̳˵λүȡ֮
ȥɣ飬һȥ飬ǿҵ̫֣ôһȥһˣǱҷֿҴү£Ӱڣôӽ£޹ء
ɫһףİ磬ҪҪҶϾϵ𣿡
˵ˣү£ģôҽŮôں£붢ʲôǼ²ģòź£ģ㺦Ҳûãҳ˵
Ӻݺһ촽˶Ҫ˵ʲôȴ۾ҭ˻ȥ
ߡ
Сϱƹ㣬뿪˲¥
Ψ³㣬޺޵ĵŶ˵ıӰ
ȥ·ϣϯүү£ǵ𣿡
밧̾һϢǰСһӣҲǰŮС͵漸簢͵޾谮ƢҲǴСһһεıˡ
𣬷ϵĶûеòģþֶΣҲõ֡
ʱ򣬶ɩܽͰһƯȹӣ㿴ˣҲҪ˴ӾǴȥ͸ɩģôһ飬ûˡ
˵ȥ㵱ʱͲˣҲΪ
ǣû뵽һʱ󣬰ܽͰȹӣͶüˣڵϣýŲ˺üš
Ϊ⼸ţ˽ӡҲ֪ɵġ
ʱ꣬ôǿļġ
ڣ˵ĳ㣬ıСʱֻ࣬١
뿵ңϱѵͲἵΪɩ˵Ĵɩ
⼸꣬ҲһֱûߣҲ֪ʲôӣϴһգȻҶƣӣֻ»ǰ


849

Ϊ֪ǸʲôӵˣŻڵ֪ҴүŹ󣬻ỳϳͷϡ
ңյĻ˼ҪƽĹϵѹƿвһ˿ߣҪƽȴһ߿㲻˳ۣԸ
ףϱףһ㣬ֵĺ
ڼʱ͸һֱô׽һֱ׽ΪŮÿնȥҳܽ档
Ҳˣͳ馺׽
ȴϲĴܣԸŵĳ벻׽
ԣڳȻҲûϯҪ
Ͼһĸͬã㲻£ҲҪдŸð˹ҪôܣܲõͳҶϾϵɣ룬С۳赽İҲͬ⡣
ϰ˵ĸαӣôóͳҶϾϵ
Ҳ֪ܲУղҲֻв㣬Ҳϣܵвպˡ
Ȼ˷ˣǾͲֻһ˵飬ǻҶǣȥ
ҿǻǰһ˸߿ʲôϯ
ͷ
Ȼصңͻ˳ȥӳ㡣
˭֪ĵӿ󣬳ͷȥڶϾͻ˵򿵼Ҵүˡ
˵ͨ˳ĴʹѾͷҪڿҴүҩﶯֽţ˳ǽһߡ
һҪǿߵҪȱ˳øߣҴϱǿвٷˣݱҪ࣬ʮֲʮĽʺޡ
һβ֣ڶΣѹûѳľϡ
̫̫˰ǸʹѾͷļ˸ץˣǴʹѾͷҲʹ
дʹѾͷļϣǴʹѾͷ˷֣ҲǴʹѾͷ
ߣ£ܵ
үҪҪֹ̫̫ʵ
ָͷô棬ԸǴʹѾͷϵĶҩֹѪҩۡ
ǣȥ졣
ˣ˳ȥ
ϯ׻˵ǧģûǧշģү£ǻǵôӵ취ֹҴүǡ


850

Ȼھǣֹ㣬꿪Ҫغݳǣʱ˭ֹ㣿
ɳӳ㣬ɳҲдʱɣһ
£ǼȲֱԸ߿ңֹ˳ҪʲôҪаŵΣȻҲүһֵҪкǵĵճӣֻ³ᱻݳҡ
һ㱻ݣҲһ
ϯ￴üӣһҪðдһţõغݳǣ˵ˣȥסһӣһ˵
Դ˾Ǻ󣬺ͰĹϵҲûǰô׽ˣҲһߵļƻǿһԡ
а취ܱû취ǿ
Ȼѳȥ֣һƹŷ飬ҲҸĶ
ϯȴڻ䣬ǰĳ㣬ĳɹ˿вӷˣҵ֮ǰҲûд㺦˿Ҵү顣
ӣ㵱Ҵү£ʮأûκȻƾҵܻ鲻ġ
ȥдţ˳ʰҪҪǴӾðһͻȥ
˵ţϯһڣ£һˣ˰ߣôǳҲٸҽ𡣡
ţġ
ʵϯΪƢִ֣СۣǳҪʲôǲܵģֱӴԴͷϡ
ó뿵ҽǿ
ֻǣ׶ԷǳãҪó־ɲ׵ġ
Ͼϰ˺̫үһأͲù
ϣдһţȥ˺ݳǡ
вȣͨ˵ĴʹѾͷڿүҩͷһҩ۵飬Ȼб￴ˡ
鱩¶ˡ
вˣץ˴ʹѾͷ˺򡭡֮˴ϣڣȷϣǴʹѾͷŵҩֹۣͨѪҩʲôõҩ
ʹѾͷ˴ϺҲһҧۿүһȺؤĳ˺öѪֵĴֹѪҩõĲŻ͵͵ŪֹѪҩŸүԵÿүõĿ졣
ڴʹѾͷıУд֤в˾Ȼ˴ʹѾͷĻ
˴ʹѾͷ˶Ӹ
һֱԺһ԰ο˵ĳ㣬Ҳ˴ʹѾͷ䣬ӸڴʹѾͷӵʱ򣬳㶢͸һɿ˵ĺ⣬ŵôʹѾͷȥ֣ȥˡ
ɭɭЦôӣ㲻Ҫ
ū澲ҡʹѾͷæӹϵӣæ¿ͷлֻǣŵӣ˺ü¡
£ڵϣ˳ϯ֪
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֮Ի뿪ݳǣ뿪ϰˣҲΪڳңһСѾߣһ̺߰ѾߣڴĴϰҪھΪżҵ壬ǡ
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벻֪ǣ֪ǳڰлĺºһŤѵʱϵһӶ˺ˡ
ԣյ磬СϱԷʱѾ˵ǳˡ
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ðԭһֱСvڱߥİԸңϯﻰ䣬ͻȻ˽Ȼŭڵĳϯﱼ̧־ҪƣvҴСvˡ
ϯţ̧žҪ߹ȥһֻűٶȻҪ죬ֱӰѳ߷˳ȥ
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851

Ҫ˼ңͲ֪İ磬ңǲСvߥҵģָϯԹޡ
ϯǺǣǰСӵķϣζҲҶԭ㣬ǣһһСvˣĺܲ
˾һߣҾһɣ˲ңҲȥˣԣ㣬˵˶ָұˣҪǲǾҪ˵Ǻˡ
ϯ˵ţתͷԳһүҵˣһΣٿӷŹˡ
Ȼ󣬻䣬˳ʮơ
ѳ㶼ˡ
ȵʹҪʹʱϯ֣Ƥҵֶˣ´ҲִӦЬӳ顣

㱻̼ˣvŮˣ㾹ȻҶңҡҪƴˣҡ

ϯӣϯһţߵſڣȻ˳̨ף⡣
أǲ򡣡
ϯʮźĿһѾιȥĳ㡣
߹ץ֣ϸϸţ£òԶ֣ԸƼȾǾǣα֡
ҲүҴӣûϯϸϸһ顣
ûϯһ˵ô죬Ҵ˵㣬ȥ״ϰ˿϶ҵɣ
ﲻǲˣǵ㲻㣬ȣΪɩӣѵѵҲӦõģﲻ㡣
ϯﵹ浣ϰ˻ҲΪһ㣬ϰ֮϶ѡ
ҪǳСvˣҲֽѵ
ϯԸƼѳ㱧ȥ˿ͷȻԳǾغݳǰɣȻе֡
Ѿ׼֣ѾСȥƱˡ
Сϱ£ʢһСϱǰȳԷɣҪΪһµСӣĲԷ
ţҲԼ
һֱѹеǿϯܺãĳԷΪԶˣЩԳˡ
ʱ֮ģʱ͸оԼʹӲᳶһ£ʹ̡
۾Ҳ׵ֻʣһ϶ҲڴߵƼ
Ƽһʱ䣬ͷˣƴѽǲǶˣţūȥʢȥ


852

ӿңΪһ飬ǱݳƼͳƺΪӡ
ƺƺǴ̼˳㡣
ޣϯ
Ƽһϯߵӣ㲻ҪʶģԼ˼ҪıҵĵճӣҼ̫̫ˣ
Ҽ̫̫ûô񶾵ȥ˼ѽҼ̫̫Ҳѽǳͳɶүȥģб£ȥүǰһүһԣ
㣬Ծ
үȴһ̫̫̫̫ˣ
ҪҪ̫̫ٹһ٣
ˣӲҪ򣬴ʹ´Ͳˡ
㱻һѾ۸̧־ҪƼ
Ƽһܿӹ֣ߵҿҲ࣬ū澻ȶȥɡ
˶Ű࣬ͳˣҲܳˡ
ʹֶʱЩƼİһ뵽ȻҪΪһڳԵģöһv澵ͷʮֲˬ
ȥҪ뿪ȥҳܽ
ǣҲֻгܽܰİʲôϯǸvŮ˵ģİլˡ
߳ԺſڣͱʹӸסˡ
ʹӵӣү߳Ժһ
ʲô˼vŮ˻Ҫ|Ҳɣ
ʶΪһϯ⡣
ϯҪ
ûʲôüֵϯ
ӵӻԣү´ģ̫̫޹ء
ָ߳㣬ү˵ˣվͶӻغݳǣӻʵʵĴڿԺeߣ߶ˣүĴȥˡ
ﻰ˼͵ܡ
㲻غݳǣǿвĶ̣ĶҲȥҪؿҡ
߹仰͵ӣѾˣҪȥңȥȡô
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˼ƾʲô㣿˵ѺһˣѾǵŮǴʹѾͷѾвǰһ״в˵֪㾹ȻҪӺΪһ̵㣿


853

ԣϾǿ־֮ɫģ£ô֪
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
϶ŵһ࣬ݸһŵĴʹӣԸӳ£ðѶӶˣӰյ̡
ʹӵֶΣ򵥴ֱֱӰѳ㱧ӣȻҪ࣬󣬻Ū˳ˣ޽˵ԼʹŰ࣬ŵϣۿˮһһڸԸɾˡ
飬ϯ֪ܿˡ
ϯԸĵԸȥӷȥҽݣӿѪٵҩӺȡ
ϵƣһ֪ǰĳģԲϯҲܲܡ
ǳӡ
Ⱦ̫̫Ǳߵ˼ҪȥãƹŷһܻȥеֻѶͻغݳǣҿ²Ӧ
ϯߣҪүţҴү˿Ͳзˣȥ߿ңeôߡ
ȾæӦһǣʹҴҳˡ
вǲƽˣգв˳һοûѳô
ʵһŮӱżѾǶĳͷ
գͱ˻غݳǵִ
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ʮһ·ѮϯͳŽӵ˺ݳǱߴţ˵ǳѾ˺ݳǣֻϰʮĳ㱻żˡ
Ҳ˳ҵһ۵㣬ֻǣϰ˲ûѿͻĳޣҲ˳ϡ
ҸļױĲ٣ˣһҲһرе
ⲻϣϰ˾˵ˣѱߺ˶ĲȫΪ档
ÿ춼ҪϽȥȻӽͷ򵽽βϰ˵ôѹ׵ӣûˡ
ӻûˣֱӳϰҪϰ˿ʱ϶ˡ
ϰдŸϯʱˡ
Ҳϯʶϰһοϰ˿Ǻϯٸϰ˻ʱһǧӻȥϰ˻á
Ȼ֪º󣬾ǧӸСϱ˵ллϱ԰ôТ˳ǵһɣҰҲôġ
仰ϰϣҲϯ˵


854

ˣˣϯãΧһӳ徻ˡ
ϯﻶֵĿʼﱸ
ʮϯ˸ңң
¶ʮϯҲӵ˻ңңһص񣬶ͬʱյ˳ھׯϵׯͷ
Ұ¹ҰҰ⣬عϣһЩڳܲȶ
ϣϯͷԸһ࣬˼Ѽϯͳӳź࣬ѼŪһ
ǺЦҳôԵ򵥵һ
ϯּҺǶһֱ󷿵ѹţ׬ӣҲᱻ󷿵˰ٰڸߣǣǼҲҵ٣ȴһٱԲϣÿ굽˶գ;Ժ࣬ѼһЩԺԼֵ߲ˡ
⵹ͷԣ˵ʵЩӣҳԼⶼˣɳ˼⣬Ҽⶼ᲻Ի磬ֻмԡ
ڣϯ뵽ԼȻƽĶүƽӷˣ̶̼䣬һ˵ͷ˷츲صı仯
ǰкҵ֣ҲһһõƲãõ˱ҵ³
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ĸӶ˹ӣһǰһ󣬽졣
£ϯ᰻ˣĸ´ʱϲһѣˡ
ϲٴαżҸˣͻμңμҵЦ
ļ£Ȼļҵ顣
౻¶¶ļҴүߵһֶ̫̫Ůԭ·̫̫뻤ֶŮϰţΪԼŮֹ̫̫ݺѵһ٣ļҵ˶˵û档
ﱻȥһã򱻳ϰ˽ӻҵ
ڳҵļ¡ǳ̫̫ƹܡ
У౻¶¶ļҴүߵһֶ̫̫Ůԭ·̫̫뻤ֶŮϰţΪԼŮֹ̫̫ݺѵһ٣ļҵ˶˵û档
ﱻȥһã򱻳ϰ˽ӻҵ
ڳҵļ¡ǳ̫̫ƹܡ
У


855

Ϻϯֹͬ飬ϯﲢûͬϣ¶ʮʱϯͰ¸֪
ϰ̾һϢ˵⹫дŸˣҺ㰢ǰҲ֪ˣ㰢ǳվĸķϣһС˻غݳǣڳϺϯֵͬķĹǰ֧㣬յֽǮ
⹫дˣû˵Ȣ׵飿б㣬ûУ
ϯһ˺ü⡣
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ϯԣ˵ѽҲø⹫дһŹȥٸұЩȥɩҲЩӵҩĻȥ˺úЩҩŸɩԡ
ҵˣסլӺֵϱס˽ȥֵܿľӣϱһׯ
ƷϱСѾġ
СѾߣġ
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ѾߣԼˣʹҲ㣬һ֧Ǯ
Ӷ鷳࣬ҹǮҲرߣϸ㣬һӶĹǮܹѾߡ
ԣ˰һһϸϯĽ飬Ѿߣ֮󣬸ϱѼһְֵĽ̵幤
Ѿߵ幤ѾܺˣҪѼˡ
ϱһ˺ӣһ˺ׯ飬ȫҶϱݹ
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ȥ࿴ȥֲֵẦһӣžдţúȰȰܲһӲޣڼﵱϹŰɣ


856

Ѽѵ飬ϯ֪һЩģǣ£Ҳÿ˵ȥ
һԷӦѿ㡣
ǣʲô˵Ҳа
һ˽ȵǣҪһӣ
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ϯ룬ȥдŸ㣬ú˵һ˵
ǶԷͬ⣬꿪ȥٺúȰȰɡ
ܲΪһˣһϹŰɣǲЦôοҪϹţҲӰպŮżҵġ
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˵
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ЦҷԸһһгԵˡ
µĺӣѾܳˣιˮˮֻǲܳԷˮĶ


857

ϯЦˣ˵ǰЩӣһƥ֬ɫĽɴңɫϲ죬ϺɫϰϷˣһϲ
ٷˣϷˣͼɲ壬̫۾Ҫˡ
ǸõױһЩҲֵáϯ
ٷ˻һת˹壬ȥˣҲ֪ôˣ
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Ѿͷ̫ˣׯѡ˺ü˵ϲְ˻ȥˣЩΪ鷢أ㵹Ǹҽ⡣
ϯ֣¿ˮҲڸϯһ£Ǿ̫ޣϯ͵ÿӲأ᲻ˡ


858

ϯĹϵΪԶ˼֣ϯ͵ټͷ˵ʲôϯﲻ˵飬ֻպ޺Ҫٸϯֻ²ܡ
ϯﰵ̾һ
⾩ǣĶĶãɾ̫ӡ
رǾǵС㣬̫ߣ۹Ҳ̫ߣ뵱һ˸ǣһӳ죬һ˵ӣΪһȸˣ˹ʺˣܳΪƽ̵ӡ
˰һϰǸ˰ɣŰȥֺ
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ҲĽ˺һأ֪һ飬ָ϶˷ܵ˯ž
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ǹ˼棬ûֱӿҪ
һԵС㣬˵̸󣬾ͺĴϯＸۣȻСʻˣǻҲһ飬ϯôеģǳ鹫͵ģ
鹫УϯķǺݳǵĳң˼Һȥ˹ңǻӦǳҸƸɡ˲²
СһĽԭҲ˵˵ǿ黳ĸƵģ˿һۣû뵽ϯô󷽣Ȼһڣŵһ黳
˿һۺ˵˵ЦЦϯ뿪ϯҲһС㣬룬һŵģΪ˶ϱϯҪҲ̫ӡ
ңûϸȢؼҵС㡣


859

̫̫үˣء
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ϯһߣСҲҵһȥ԰ߣϼȥɣ
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ճţСͶԴϼЩ䣬ҿǻȥɣ
ϼЩԥС㣬̫̫ڻүҲڣȥˣ᲻ųүϢ̫̫үˣء
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ճţСͶԴϼЩ䣬ҿǻȥɣ
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ճţСͶԴϼЩ䣬ҿǻȥɣ
ϼЩԥС㣬̫̫ڻүҲڣȥˣ᲻ųүϢ


860

Сϯֻ¶һδֵôˣϯ˵˻סˣǡ
߳ߵѾ߾ཱུ˵С㣬λС̫ˣ֪ǻүδޣȴôŶǼôҲ᲻㡣
졣Сѵ˼ƾʲôҪң
С㲻׼ɩôƾʲôͲˣ
ҲֻǺбôûСҵĹϵ׽ء
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ϾĿǰǻˡ
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ԺĿյů棬ϻһӣϯСϣԼҲȥ
Сմӣ۾˯ˡ
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ϯʹˣȥ˴á
ϯһãСͿ΢΢һЦȥ
ϯȴԥһ£˳鹫ߡ
Сӻ˯ͷĿյůͲůͣԸӶЩɲҵıӡ


861

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ڳ鹫ϯ˵ʱԱһİϯŤͷȥͿһʮңʮƯҲĹˡ
鹫λǶČmˣλǶٷˡ
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ɫ΢΢˱䣬ʱҵǲ֪Ҽʶ̫̫
ϯ΢ЦͷţһμʱûӻȥſҺҵȥңʲôصһʲô£Żɬ
ˣˣ˵Сڸĸ֮󣬾ͼ޸˹˵СҲй֮Ե˾ôãҲûȥ֪̽ڹҹĺòã
˼һڣûϯʱǵ£˳ù˵ɫʱī̼
˾ˣȴһ仰Ҳ
Ϊϯ˵ĶǴʵ
Ҿ˶֪
ˣѱ˵
ڣϯļ仰Ͱڳ˵ļ份ˣ˹ҵЩ¡
ҷ׷׳¶ֳЦ֮ˣǳ˵飬ȥôãοǳ˻ᱻᣬΪƷвˣ̫̫ʲôϵϯ˼һڣûϯʱǵ£˳ù˵ɫʱī̼
˾ˣȴһ仰Ҳ
Ϊϯ˵ĶǴʵ
Ҿ˶֪
ˣѱ˵
ڣϯļ仰Ͱڳ˵ļ份ˣ˹ҵЩ¡
ҷ׷׳¶ֳЦ֮ˣǳ˵飬ȥôãοǳ˻ᱻᣬΪƷвˣ̫̫ʲôϵϯ


862 

Ҫϯѿմ״ʵķˣҲ߷ߵĿڣݺݼ˹һ١
ǸоѿŶϱˡ
һߣ鹫ſڵңҲǺģ˵
ڶ죬Ƕڴ顣
˵֪ˤһӵĶҲϯˡ
˭֪Ϣ󣬴Ҵһʹˣףǲȥƽϯ
ôңΪǸѾͷΪһܲ۾ŭɶӡ
ӣڨڨĵУȻҪⲻ˵ƽ۸˽ô
ߣ㻹еġ˵ɫ˼֣Ҿ㣬ϯŮˣԶԶģҪˣҵˡ
֪ˡ
ƵӦ
Ҵյߡ
԰ĳҲǳ̰ܿ
磬Ҳģ̰ܿ۾˹
ϲϲں԰һصظһ԰ʮֻĸСʮֻ
ЩıҲ˶һ
ٰʱ˶԰һ䡣
رǶ죬澰ɫ԰ȴҲˣŮˣʱʱϲ԰ߡ
޾ɵĿһ۳̰ܿ˦֣߿ˡ
̰ܿһƬʧ䣬㶵ĶȥıӰ
һ·˶
֪Ȼߵ˳ſڡ
֪ϯסģüΣֻǣÿվڴſվһվһҲûȥ
գ֪ΪΣȥȥϯ˳ףϯǸ
ʲôƢ֪ġ
һݸߣߵϲñǿ׿ˣݱȲˣϲû˼ң˼Ҽ䡣
˼ݵͣҸƽϣ
Ҳˣ׵ƢߵԽԽĿˡ
ʵǱݸߵеǣҲ۹ǳѡ
ʱһͣǰ档
ȥÿĺ˴ǳ뱧һȻһֱźӣһֻһɫõϯǣ


863 Դ

ô
ϯһ͸оһǿҵڶѭŤͷͿ˹
ϰԵֿһЦЦƦƦģϯǺþòû뵽Ȼ㣬Ǻɡ
⻰ʲô
ʲôɣ
ſںòã
ϯɫߣòҧгݵǰɣ
ѵסǿɲҽȥȱȲ裿Ҵˣе䣬ҺȱȲ裬ůůôһĺƤ
ùүļңʲôЦ
ϯһۣƲƲ죬ֱͬߣҹգһӾܵϣǸһҲ¥ӲḶˮӰɣ
۵һ˿ʧ룬Цүּˣ㲻ϯһСɣһȲˮ᲻ã
üҼӵĻҵ˼ҪˮӣҵǿԽӡ
ۡ
ү죬
ϯ䣬ȥɣǾͲˣҪȽȥˣȻҶӣһۡ
ȾѾǰÿţϯͳ뱧źӣ˳
ֽյĳҴţյĵһˮôûôСӡ
ӣݳϯжһЩ֮
뵱ϯкøУﲻںݳһϯôİɣ
˵ǸվϯߣźӣһҸˣͲǳ룬ɣ
ûʲô˵ģ
Ѿ˷ĳ룬һѽСϱ§˻ΣյĶ
ϯƲ죬ʲô˵ģǹ飬֪һҿʲôҲû㡣
ңһծ񣬻ǳء
ҵǺ棬ôˣûû뵽ջڴſڿϯֹһ䡣
˫һ⣬㻹Ҫ쿴
ûֻǺˡ
ҶԄe˺棿
ҴˣҲˡϯϴܿ죬г⣬룬ڳԴף
Դôˣ˼˵ҵСϱǵҼſˣô㻹ҳԴף
ݺݵСϱһۣСϱ뿪˵ʲôʱ򣬳ͷͻȻ|סĴշתòŷſ


864

Сϱ׹˺󣬳ŸԶºҲǣ˳̼ұңó̼ұһ֮ʧȥʥģ̼йְģ϶неصĻְ죬һε飬̼ܵصһش
֮󣬳̼ҵ鵽ó֤빬йأԹ֣̼֮Һ͹ҹϵѣ̼Ұѳ̷Ҳˡ
ҵ˺³̼˻ᱨ˰ѹ񿴵ģӲù񵥶ţڸղţߣһȺš
ϯЩ촽ڴſҲо˰żϢԭΪǳһǣû뵽ǹİ
ͳҰϢһ뱧Сϱľ£˶˫֣Сϱҵһ˵ơ
ү̼¹ȥ࣬ڻܱôϯ§ӣԴǰ
|ƵĶĺ촽Щ̼ҲͲµǻ˴ӹ˳Զ֤һ͵͵ȥԶ֤£̼ǲµġ
ûй鵽ԶĶ֤̼ҾͲĩ
£ףǹ˵Ĵ
ңԵ޹ʣ͵͵Զ֤¾Ѿڳ̼мһʡ
ԣ³ԶǱˮģ£̼Ҳ㵽˵ͷȥ
Ȼ̼ҲͲ͹ҵ˾ˡ
˵ǴȥѧҪ°߰蹵ˣǳ̼ȥģԬȥģϯȺ书ǿҪ°߰蹵ɱ֡
Ԭˡ
Ҳǳ̷˵ˡ
ϯһ˿ɱ⣬Ԭ°߰蹵ĿģҪвҺͻ˰ɣ
ţ蹳ˡ
ʵ
ֻǣΪ岻ãٳţҲ˼
ǳ̷˼ĻҪ°ߵ˾Ͳǰ蹣ǰ
ϯ£ǻûи߹ͺү֪ǲҪͺүѣ
£ðȥү͹˵ɡ
ϯϾǳ˵С㣬¹ؾȨ֮ϯﻹǄeȥĺá
ϯǴӦˡ
˶³̧ͷһգϯٴδźȥ̽үͰ
ֻǣͬ󣬾ͺȥ鷿һ̸һʱȳʱͬɫʮء


865

£ôң
磬ƽ鷿ȣϺүܻĵͬ
ͬڨڨĵʱˣҶˣǰչңġ
ǳͰô˵
ͰҲǰ˹񣬲ż¡ͬһɬĵ
Ĺȥ̫ˣ˾Ǻ󣬺ݳǱߵ飬Ͷ׿ˣ¡
һ룬ǵҪ°߰蹵ˣԬҵ˻ǰھǣ뻢ڣ
ǸΣգ
ƽүһĿԼӣͿôҪ飬Ҳˡ
˰֣ˣѾ֪ˣһᴦãȥɡ
ǲҪɼŰ蹰ͬͷʮֵԬһ԰蹻߰֡
ƽүһǰԬҸҶ԰蹶֣ΪҲ֪飬ڣԬҼβ˶ﻹҶ԰蹰֣ȥˣɲܾôȥ۸ӵˣһúø㡣
Ѯϯ͵õϢԬ˸Ӷͬʱʷһ޺ӵʱ̰ܻߣ͵ϡ
һܻ¸ְ
ְɱͷԬҵ˶ʱˣˣˡ
֤ȷ䣬ӴԬ򵽹ְˣҲˣݲԬҸӵ
ԬҸӵͱּѺ˴Σҹٸ˸ʾڹٸſڣŸʾһԬҶʱʸ֮ģ˱ܶԶ֮
ϯ֪ϢʱǵѾůڼһСϱǣ׷ֺܳȲ裬ϯҲСѾߣڴƵ
ٸȥ棬קһ£Ȼϯͼ˳ȥ˹ٸŴſڡ
ȥϵʱŴſھͱֵİǼˮйͨ
ǲʶ֣ЩҲʹＷ
Ⱦļ״ϯһԵվš
һԾӼϰյͷϷɹȥȻ˸ʾǰ棬Щŵ˵ܱˣûȻعַˡ
Ѹʾϵ֣һһ䣬ϯ
ȻС̫̫Ϻүˡ
Ԭ˻ã°үʱû֣ȻҺͻҾҪǣűˡ


866

㲻ǣűߣֻҪϯԬϣҺҾͲҶԬʲô
£պ󶼱ˡϯƳһѾߣǵ
Ⱦͣ˵ͷ
صҺ󣬰Ѻӽͺͳ˵£ԬҸһ̨Ԭûˣȳ̼һ硣
ôҲԬһѣԬû䡣ԬϷˣǶϺүӡ
ҶϺүӣʮݡ
ϯѹһΣ鹫ϺүǱߣ϶Űѹһˮ
Һ͹ж꣬һǸûᣬֻҪϺүŹңһץλᡣ
Ԭңѹˮ
Ǿ䡣Ц
ٳϵ飬ǲ岻֣Ҳֻ֣ҪСϱڱ־С
ϯҲٺһЦ˵һ£ǾҪغݳˣϣܿҵ³
Ҫ°߰蹵ĻףȻԬңЩɱ֣ȴԬѵģԬϷ˳˽ˡ
ԣǼ£Ҳв롣
ԣϯҲϣһΣϺүҲܰѹˮ

֮󣬻ֵԬҵĲ֤Ԭү۸ϰգ˼ҵһ˫ȴˡ
Ԭ֧ˣԬ죬ҫǿŮ԰ͣ
ԬˣɱԬС檣ҰС檵˶Ͼɱ
аռռӵȵȣССȻн֤
϶ŭˣɱԬΧˣҰԬˡ
ԬˣĶץѺˣûģҲϳˣԬԬҵׯӱԺȲҲ͢ȥˡ
ԬҵԽԽ󣬴ϵ춼Ԭҡ
ԬϷ˴ʱŰ˵ģ̫̫ˣԬһ̨ȥٸԬϷ˵İգܴӾǶ֣ŵȥ
ǺԬϷҲѺˡ
һ£סˡ
ʷڳϵ¸Ա
ʷվƵóһƱϽ⣬˵ǶҪ¸ûҪ˽̣ԣ̹ȻϽ˹⡣
һûڳϵĶϺүɫ䡣
ϵķκˣϯﶼо
ϯͳӣں԰ͷյڣһԵĿյϣһĵ̺Сڵ̺


867

ȾˣСߣС
ŶӵЦүڣϯоޱȳá
磬ŴϢСӣ̵Ļˣ˵¸£ͱ˳ŭֱӸ˶ϺүְڵĶѾȨˡ
Ҫǻ϶ү̺ʵ۵ϳӣûйͣҲп͵ķϣֻ»һŭ֮£ջعҵľλ
ܰᶨȨһ̣ƽѾӮ̫̫ࡣ
Ԭû䣬ҰˣҺͻҵУҲȫȫѾ˳͢
֪УҲһæϯ;ȻغݳǺһ˸Сױ
ǣ¶ʮˣϯһ̻غݳǵһգСһغݳǵʱϯʮֻӭʮȳϡ
˴ϣԷչˡ
Ȼ˺ݳǣϯﻹصذӣס˳ңһרӣȥ˳ӡ
ңϯﻹȥӣѡӴؾȥСױ

ģǿǻˣҲΣεĲӶˣεǻˡ
ϯһգϰ˼۾ˡ
СʱϰϡıžͲ֣Զִֺ񣬳ǸСʱһģһһǸиġ
üҲã񰢷üͺÿƽʱûüⴽӴҵСҪǳˣ϶ǸӣԺ󻹲֪ļҵСء
ϰ˹Ц
СҲϰ˱ţСʮֵĴϰˣȻָϰѽѽ˵ʲô
ϯ֣˵㰢̣㰢İ㳤ˣҪúТ˳㰢̡
С̫໰Щ򵥵Ļöġ
֪ϰİ󣬾ͶϰֿһЦȻҪȥקϰͷϵ
ϯһסС֣˵ӣˣӿɲġ
ģﱸһӵߣǸġ֪ϰİ󣬾ͶϰֿһЦȻҪȥקϰͷϵ
ϯһסС֣˵ӣˣӿɲġ
ģﱸһӵߣǸġ


868

ɩͰǺܻϯʵ˵ѿûߣڣóɴ˰ɣ
ϰˣɲô˶żˣɩ˵λҸѰһżҡ
ݵĴ˼ҲģõģҲףõģ̵Уϰ˲ϸӽŮȥ˼ң˼Ҵĥ
ϰԭţϯھǸѰһ˼ңǣԳ㱻ݻϰ˾Ъͷ
ǱߵĴ˼ңǳʵϵģϵģϰҲ᲻Ů޵ôԶȥ
ţںݸѰһ˼ҺˣһһЩҲУֻҪԷܿذ߾С˶٣ϰֵһӣ굹൱Ǹţ˵ѧʺܺã۹ڻ£ֻǹǱߵĴ˼ңﵱٵҲ٣˼ҿǼҰߡ
ˣ˭
ϯɺݳǵĴ˼Ҷһ飬Ҳûݳǻ˼ҡ
һԵĴ̫̫˻֪ˣĵûû·ģ˵ݳǺ˾ڼٰһͻ磬˺ݳǵʮ˼ҵŮ죬ȥ˼һ˫ŮͶӶܸʶ
Զץ󣬱ݳǵ֪Ҳʹһ͵ˣֵ֪
֪ѻ
ⲻһѻ𣬾㣬ȼݳǵĴ˼ҡ
ȣǴҹټҷˣȫǰǳ̷˿ɱȵģˣ֪ˡ̫̫˵
ϯλˣʮֺ
̫̫˴̫̫һۣȻûڣĿ⣬˵̫̫С֣һûмӡ
̫̫΢Ц䣬ûо̫̫ĵ㡣
үѾһ࣬ߵ߶Сˣ˿һ˫۾ĶСﺰŰܣС۾ʱʱίĿһϰˣڳСĴס
ϯЦСӳɱ㣬ıȥɡ
ҲãСzǵһμϰİСݸֹġ
ϯһ߸˾䣬ô߸
߸⼸ЩڹǶϰ߸һģǶԺݳˮԴӻһֱôãͷ


869

ô᣿߸ںݳģճʱûءôȥһ˾ǻˮˣ
ϯü۹ɨһ۶̫̫
ö⻳ɶ̫̫ʵһֱ̫̫ݲ¶Ǽӡ
ԼˣҲŮ˸үӣҪϰ˰ںݳǣֻ¶⼸ӣǳ˵ġ
ϰ˰̾ϴô˵ģ߸һ⣬ʱཱུģڶݳ˺ӣӴ۵ġ
ϰģ̾˺ü
ϯﰲο˼䣬뼸ǲˮ
ţյİɣǸջۡ˼ϯֺģͲȥˡ
ʵϰҲɹ̫̫ڰﶯʲôֽţ߸ֻ˵һ
ϰŴ˶Զ̫̫Ļɡ
ϰһϲ£˵϶ǰˣ˵ǿϻˡ
⿵϶ģǶĵӵŮϰ˽ӵţɸˣ뵽϶˵Ŀ϶ӦҲЩġ
ɩ׼һЩӹȥҲ֪ϲЩʲô˵ϯϧӣЩݮð歼СѾͷȥժ˳ˣҲǣСѾͷǣ
һЩݮô˾ͳ˰ɡ
̫̫Ц˵ĵãԺĲݮҶˣⲻҲѧ㣬ԺһݵصĲݮү˵ԽԽûЦңǲݮӿûٳԡ
ϰ˹ЦӣҲӣ
ûӵĶ̫̫ɫܲĽʺ޵ĶűѾ߱ȥľӡ
ϰ˺ʹ̫̫˵Цûзֶ̫̫ϯо񣬷ˣҲˣȾʹһɫ
Ⱦ΢΢ͷ߹ȥߡ
ϣҰ˼ϯССԲʲôϯСһ뼦һС࣬ȾϧӣιСԷ
ϯͳ룬ȥ˻
ϯһһСһ
ϯ￴˳歳ýߣһСǳҵС꣬ĸǶ
⣬꣬Ƕӡ
ϯ￴˶ӳɫЩ԰ףֻʱʱľҪ༸̫Ѩ岻


870

ϯϯϧӺ󣬾Ͱ¸˳룬ĸӼھסôãúõûôһͶ߸嶼ˣ£ɸˣӡϣܸоѲ˹ϵ
ֵ˰߸Ѹɡ
СϱȻ벻˵ĵǱߣӡڣһ̯ӣܣðȥ
ϰӡϵţȥܶ飬ģӡ֪ϯֹ˶飬ֻֻһ١
ùܵԺȥˣʲô£
£˵
˹ϯͷˮ˵Ͷһȣϯǰװһʺ
ܵϯӦˡ
գϰ壬ֱӴȥ߸Ͷ
Ÿ򣬶ںݳǿҽݵĴǶʶ
󣬼һ𣬾˵
ǵóһۣΪ߸õĲˮǱһԶҩ֢״ˮ
жˣ
ϰ𾪣ȻŭǸһһĺӶݲ£Ը壬ܸ϶ӣˣ
̫ﻹûš
˰ȥӡϴҵҪʲôģ¶ǣûģ
ӡϽģⲻΪô
ԭһûĵġ
ƾϣûƾʵݣӡȻ󣬱ϰ˼󣬾ڵϣ޴˵ݲкӡ
㣿ϳ˶߸жˣ㻹ʲô˵ģϰŭں
ӡ˵жˣʲô£ܲ˵жˣǶµİɣ
үƽ޶ȢˣۿӶҪˣȥʲô
ֲɵʱȥӣץѱùİݳȥͼıʲô
Ů޳ȥˣүȢƽޣʱèŹӣ֣Իɵ£ҿɲɣɲҪԩң£ûɣҲϡ
ӡӲϡ
˵ģȴʮе
ϰ˶ʱɻˡ


871

ѵ治Զ߸µ֣ӡϣʵ
ӡƲƲ죬޵үȢ˿Ϻӣͳ˶ģǿүµӣһõŶԸô
һӣҵ£ֻҪиڣպ㿵˶ӣү˵ӺҲ»ᱻҽңʵ˵߸ҵ£ֻǣ߸غݳǺ󣬾һֱ岻ûܿڡ
ӡ˵ϰ˾͸ӻ²ġ
ǣӡģֻ˭ģ
һ뵽һи˲ڰڶ֣ϰ˾ʮֵҲ˶֡
Ը̫̫ϯһҪտ˼ӣǸ߸һ¶
̫̫ŵã˼ְõĳԵĶôһ顣
˵û£̫̫һ
ǣ£ȴ˷
ԷҵӣȴӣԣǳҵĳԵڶԸļӡ
ǣϰֻӡϣһ£ߵˣһ֮ڣԺһ
һͣͷȥ
֮󣬶߸ĲĸһŬ֮£ĺˡ

үȥ̽⹫ŵﶼ׼ˣʲôʱ̣һŴСȥסգҿǺþûˡ
ϯĵϣɵڳ뻳
㻹ȥס
ţôˣȥ
ܣȥˣһҪؿշ˯š
ܹСԺӣֵһסһʣһԷҲѵ治Զ߸µ֣ӡϣʵ
ӡƲƲ죬޵үȢ˿Ϻӣͳ˶ģǿүµӣһõŶԸô
һӣҵ£ֻҪиڣպ㿵˶ӣү˵ӺҲ»ᱻҽңʵ˵߸ҵ£ֻǣ߸غݳǺ󣬾һֱ岻ûܿڡ
ӡ˵ϰ˾͸ӻ²ġ
ǣӡģֻ˭ģ
һ뵽һи˲ڰڶ֣ϰ˾ʮֵҲ˶֡
Ը̫̫ϯһҪտ˼ӣǸ߸һ¶
̫̫ŵã˼ְõĳԵĶôһ顣
˵û£̫̫һ
ǣ£ȴ˷
ԷҵӣȴӣԣǳҵĳԵڶԸļӡ


872

ھǴôãҵ˶ôϯ֣۾ˣ㰢ھǣǻϰô
ΨһŮϵĸαϯҳʮĿͷòӺùһЩû뵽Ůȴ̵׾˾˼ҡ
ŮҲƽ׶һš
ϵĹ߹󣬼Ӵ󣬻ĥϣῴϵĳԣҹĺ˼룬ĵ˯ãԲ㡣
һ࣬һȦ
ȴдŸϡ
ϵ
ϯеķŵ֣˵ϰߣһжϰߡ
ƢºͣͰͰദĺܺãƽٷˣƽ㴣ǰڴ̺ΰҲƴǳֻĥϱţͷĺˡ
ϵϯ׿˵Ļһ˵㰢Ǹãҵ㹫̻Ʋĳ˵ǱЩ˼Ҹ˺󣬾ͻƲԭ䣬ԭΪ̣ȻȢСΪ޵顣
ţ̲ˣ̶ҺͰ蹶ʮ۰԰ҲرãȻͲ㴽ÿȣó˽ӣܼѺΡ
סˣÿ£ҲһЩλ߲ϡ
ڵģǹ˶̣һڶзݣСͳҲзݡ
İһˣ˰Դ
ѼЦ̣Ҿ˵ǳ鹫ǻţǻţùҲͲдҪȥֲˣùϿ˵ˣ̵Բ߾ǱߵĲˣصΪùýůĻεˣճλøùֲˣ˵ݳкöˣǾǱûеġ
Ǳ䣬˶գֲ˲ˣֻůͷֲˡ
ݳºͣǶգ˵Ҳ͵ġ
СϣҲɵϱЦŵñ֪ھǱ߹Ŀ϶á
ţ̺ͺүңкóԵģһݡϯ۵ĿϣţôࣿǲûԺ˯ã
ùͻȻȥôԶ̵ǹùã˯úãθҲ࣬˵Ҫȥ̿θҩȣҲáѼѳû״


873

Ⱦȥҽһˣϯ￴ȾԸ
ǣ̫̫
Ⱦˡ
ϵ÷ӣ֪㰢ĺãҾܳԺ÷˯þˣòȾ
ȾһֻţҪ̤ż
ͷԼӣϯ΢΢ͷ˻
ϯҲУſɲԶһټȥⶼ
úúãҺȣһ٣Ҳ
ϾЦˣȻ˵ɽׯӵ£˾ˣũʱȥɽׯͷʳͷľϡ裬˾˾ľ²β˻ۣ֥飬˵յʱҲջ٣һԵ͹ˣ˳ӣۣӣ׬˲ӡ
ֵܼڿˣ֪ľׯǧĶȴֻľһЩѼ󣬾;ÿϧȻũʱȥľׯʹִɭһ˲ׯڡ
ׯͷ߽ȥ£۶Ǹָׯڡ
ϯЦʵׯ˲ټѼׯڣЩѼȥƻ
ƻˣ˾ΧһأѼѼ˹ȥĸЦǺǵ˵ǽҲɣմһʼץ˼ֻѼȻҸ˱ѼƮ㼦ԣǿҵֺòˡ
Ͽ˿ʱʹߴϱȥ
Ѽ˵Ѽѣȥȥ
̣һ㰢˵˵ءѼѲȥкö໰ҪͰ˵ء
ϵ˷˵ϯﶼˣ˵强ʲôʱС
Ǻðɣȥæˣ㰢̺ú˵˵
Ѽĳȥˡ
Ҳȥæϴ˰ɡС˵
С˸ӣҲŸûãȥˮȥ￴ӣöˡ
ϰѼѺС϶֧ˣȻлҪ˽¶ϯ˵
ݺ̣Ҳȥæ
ȥŸӣػeˤˣ£üѼѺȥˡ
ϯﾪϲɩˣ
һ߾ĵͷǰģ£ûдŸǡ
ϯ˵Ǵ££дŸҰҲ˸ˣҰһֱڵء


874

Цˡ
ݻ˸ڳȥˡ
ֻʣϺϯˡ
ϯЦŵţǲҪ˵£
ϴСˣȥҪϹˡ˵£ҶˣȷʵʵѼѾͷȷʵ˰Ľ֮ġ
ҺҵŻ൱£ϼףҲһ׮ϲ£ֻǣǰտȡţ˵껹Ҫȥˡ
֮һ˼̨ףԭ൱˼ңҲΪȿȡ֮˾롣
ҵżҲȱ֮󣬲ýŸ̤ƽˡ
ڵѼѣϣ͵ȼ̨ס
ȻˣΪŮϻң̽Ŀڷ硣
ﵹûһھֻܾȽҪˣ˲÷ģûӦҲûֻܾ˵ȿȡ˾˵ȵ¡
ǣȴ£ȿȡ˾˺ѼĸԶˣʱһܴӦ£
ǲӦҪѼѵ£
Ҫ֪ѼѾСˡ
տƿȵŰҲҪˣ˵ǻȥôһ
°Ѽѵ¸ˣʱ򣬼޲ȣҲѼʹ󣬲˵ס
ϯʱҲȱȱ㻹ҪСɣ
㶼ʮˣȲʮ꣬ж꣬һţٿȡˣǾˡ
ʮľˣڶӵĽϣҲټ
ĲӣֻǺܶٻ˼ңҪ׽Ůѡɣ
ʱ򣬻ֵ㣿
ϯﰧ̾һ˵ϢĵȥǲеģҪ취ñһ棬ܵõȵĳŵô͵ȥҲ޷ȶԱģȸʮ꣬Ҳ
⡭ɩ˵סѧͲڼסҲٻȥ
ӶȢϱӶˣΨһŮĻ¼ѣ϶Ҫˡ
ϯֻõүȥ̸һ̸ɣܲñôһֱȥȶԱģҲñģҲøѰһж
У£ҪŮˡ
ƺһ
ȵ˷󣬳ʱϯͳո˵£˵ѧ˵ȣǽȥҼǵóÿ궼ҪӸѧүӦܽȥɣ


875

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ƵĶСϱһˡ
ǾŸ¡ϯ̫ϤˣĺҪʲôүɲҪЦ
ǺǣΪҪʲôĵǰһ󲽣Сϱק뻳УģҲûִˣҪܣܵԱǶΪա
һٳԱ㣬ôˡϯûƶ
纣һˣǽϸܻ߰ðɡ
ڣһϢ
үǷޣҪϢɣҡ
촽˺סշתҧãķſ
ϯᵱŵæҽˡ
ЦʱظĪΪõȡ
õȶ֣˵೤ֲ|࣬òϯ˼롣
ãôˣɫô졣
ѼһţͿϯһǿҪ˰㣬ǲˣ
ûգղź˱ȲȵģͺˡϯסѼҪͷ֣㣬£л˵
ǲҪ˵ȵ£Ѽѷ͸ϯ˼㣬ɬһЦ֪ԼɵԷûŵʲôȴɵɵһֱȥ̺ͰǲǶʧˣ
Ѽ֪һ̸ϯ˵ʲôҪϯȰȰ
Ҳġ
ΪһˣԼһӡ
ǣȣ۾ȻҲݲµڶˡ
Ҳû취
ϯ۵óӣȥϵˮ㣬ⱲԵҪô죿
һ˿ϣҲ޷ݣôһӰ̵İţҸ˼ˡ
ֻǣʱʹˣҵ
Ǳ֪˭Ȣ
ϯ̾Ϣһ˵㣬²һֱȥѾʮˣ꣬Ͷʮˡ
ʮĹϹˡ
ʮϹȻʹЩҲΪ鵢ʮż˵ĹҲ١
ϣʮ֮ǰܹ޳ȥȻϵʮ꣬żˡ
Ҳ飬°ҪμӿƿʱȥģһƿʧҶ˵һˡ
ѼѺ


876

ı΢Ѽѣϯﻹǵһμ
ϯһѣɸ£˾æҲﲻ˵ġ
ϯȴûóȥȵͷ
ڶǰһգȥѧҵȡ
գһ棬ǿòһ֮ԵȾͶԳӡ̡
һ۾ϳʮĵ
֪үк£ѵҰҳʲô£빪һüۼЩС
Ǻܹġ
ɨһΧвƵƵѧӣ˵ز̸Ҽǵѧ棬һͤȥǱߡ
Ҹʦ˵һʱ١
ãѾʦ˵ˣ߰ɡ
קȣȥеͤҲûϻֱ㣬ֻ㣬ûˣ
ȣҲû뵽Ȼ
Ŀͨ죬ү⻰ʲôҵ˽£ˡ޿ɷ档
붢üˣȻˣҾͲʣϧˣұһǻƺҪװ˷ˣڻüǰӦûܸҵһżҡ
߶ˣתҪ߳ͤ
ȼеıǰүղŵĻǺ˼

ҡˣүܲܡܲܰתһ仰С㡣
ʲô
ҡȶӶˣ˰죬ŵһŬΪһھ˳
Ȼӣ׵ĻҪת档
⻰˵ġʲôŬھˣ
Уû޸òá
仰ڴѼѵĶѼ߾޵ݣϯЦá
ȵĳŵȴϺݺһ
һһֱѹؿϵĴʯͷҲΪ仰Ὺϵ磬ͳ뷹
գڣѧżһա
գȻؼҺ󣬾ļ˵СҴ꣬ͲСˣýȥңȰ¶£ҲðĶ飬˼룬ȥɣȥˣ˽ȵǡ
ҵĹ̳˾ƽٷˣ꣬ǺˣƾϵշҵļҾ˵һ졣
ڣЩ˻ûӦ֪ҵϸһֻѼѶֲȢ


877

İĽѼѣҵļҾֲѼѻΨһĵŮȰԼҲϲλ׼ҹǣĻ˽ȵǵȹ˶ڵĵڶգýţȥһ
ǽԴϲ
ѼѺȵ¶µĵգϾ˸ʹѾȥңϯ
ϯﵱѡһһȥѼѣʾף֮ϲ
˶ڣֵĿʼүĻ¡
ҵ㴣ϯȥ˾Ǻ󣬾ͽϰ˴̫̫˺ӣӺϰֽ㴽˳̫̫
һһֱǳ̫̫ڴ
үĻ£ǳ̫̫ڳﱸ
ϯ󣬳̫̫Ͱϯȥæˣϯ︺ү·װһ飬ⲻԼԺĴѾߣڳү·ͷ
ϯǼ֣һźֽȥٷһƯ帣ţڴϣӲӵģʮϲ졣
̫̫ټԧϷˮģ¹ϡ
Ƽ˵ˣԧϷˮڴͷ¹ջ帣š
ϲȵ֦ͷкҲţˣ¹ŵĺ˫ϲ
Ѿߴߴţϯͷϸļţһͼ˼ʮţȻԸѾߣȥ˶ʮյµڳүԺ
ЩҲһϴ󣬻ܶٲһ͡ϯ￪ĵ
̫̫ͼλСϵã̫̫ޣҲ֪λС᲻ͼޡ˵
ļС㣬ָ넺ͼλˣǳʱϯﻹױǡ
Ƽ˵ϲ£㲻ȢС㣬λСҲҪ͵ģ̫̫ȥū澻ؾ󣬻Сһ棬ʱĶӺôӦ߰˸ˣڿܶˡ
ȻƼ˵λ̫̫
Ǽ֧С㣬ϰõܵĵŮ˵ĺƯǼСƯһλūû̫̫̫̫ߵ˵̫̫̫̫òȣ¡
ϯԽԽƯر˺Ӻıǰ˼֣ǧģǵò
̫̫ϯﳤĲ£òɾͲһҲѹ֣۹һֱܸߵĳүȻӦ¡


878

ͺү֮ǰ£ôˡ
Ƽ⳯⿴һۣûˣѹС㣬ͺԼҵıһȣﶼһү֪ˣүȥףԷһ䷴ң³һᱨǼҡ
үûգʹСԼұ綨׵£ֻǿϧСûգͱС檸Сˣһʬǳ˶˵ǱӦ
ԭүĵһУȰԣϯֱ׾࣬أǻ˼һڳ£
ôܣƼƲƲ죬Ǹ۸үүǺùڣǼˣ˵Ѿݳˡ
ŮӣҲˡƼֵ˵СŮҲܻУžͰΪֶ̣һ¡
Ӧ
δеŮӣͲкý
ãܡ
үˣȻԼұ繶|ϣүñӣóүǰȢţøҰ֡
ŮӣͲҸ
ϯֽŰѳү·װһ£ﱧСʱСָŴϵ帣ţѽѽĽлš
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㳤ˣȢϱʱָֽ·װı尢ĻҪÿ
İɩ㲻ƽȻܰС·װıҵ·ҪÿΪβҵ·װĸС·һÿ
ү߽ɵıС׸߸ߣСЦĿֱ֡
ϯҶӣҶȢϱȫԸ
СӣϵҲ׽ү·Ȼһʱﻹͦġ
ϯϽӹӣǲ㰢׸߸ߣΣյġ
С֪ʲôΣղΣհ
ָųүѽѽĺһԼﱧߣҪ׸߸ء
үˣİɩ㿴˵㲻ƽء
ôҶ˵岻ԣȻ֪ôϯһۣСͻϧӡ
үԺӣϧӲԶү׷ƤҺİԼˣһȾƣϧӣİɩϲŮ죬㱸һ̳ʮŮС


879

үĺͳүԼһȾƣԼõĵصǰԺϧӡ
ϯﵱͻɵĿүүû£Ҳû׼ƣҪȥүүӳ˾¥һ̳ʮŮ
ô鷳ȻİɩûƣɸСȥ¥ǡүٺЦţһֻ̤ϧӣһֻŻûüȽȥͱƼȾѾżϣүүûȥʣҪүȾƣǵү˵
٣˵Ѿߣǡ
ƼĻȰүԺүûȢϱأôԺãҪүȥǰԺţүūȥǰԺ֪ͨү
ү֪ˣϯǲϧء
үɵĺ˺ߣУȥͲȥȥİܿ˰ɡ˵ţ̤ȥֻţ˻
ʱ󣬻ĳ룬Ƽ֪үȻԼڼң۸ԼСϱͷȥˣˡ
һʱ󣬳ϧӣϯһǸûŵˣԺ㲻ҪĻԶһЩ
˵ԼúȾƵ£ƭҵģϯš˲ǰϵȺ
ǺԼúȾƣϧӣԺ
үסԺӣǰԺԺġ
ԩȥôãôѼӸء
Ҽĺܺð
ϯѲݸȾִȾùһ鲼̺֡
СҶһЩֻ֪Ժֵӵܡ
ֵ꣬񶼽˴󰢸󰢸ѾõĲˣζ£һʾԭôط͢Ϊٵģڣȴ񶼸˴󰢸
ѾЪô󰢸ȥٵ˼
үǳҵճӣպҪ̳гҲҵģ񽻸үġ
ϯﲢûҪҲƲ˼Ǿóټļҵүõġ
үͳ̫̫Ӷˣ̫̫Ҳ֪ģҲƲͷݼҵϣϯúҲӦ
ӻ֣ǲѾǣȻϯǰЩӣţʰҪӣ˵ǸΣҪӴ㣬׶ӣҲûŲܣӵĿѾٸǰһҪٸ١


880

ֻ˸ȥ˶ӣӲ࣬Ҳ٣㹻ӴżڴһĺӣҪʲôĻӣ춼
ڷŶصޡ
ܿˣһдҪӡϯ϶
ǺЦˣţգֽӵ˶һţ˵Ǵӿ࣬ϻˣ岻ãµ˵ô󣬶󣬱Ⱦǻ󣬺ǺǡȻ޳ܵϣİŶ˺ˡ
ʱѧȥǱߵİӹҪȽ߿Ķ࣬ɶȥٵģʲôӣѾ͸͸ģһصİնûԣҲзԣҪӣ޷Ҫ·ӣŵؾȥ㲻ǣ֮صҲȴá
統ʮĹ٣ͷˣƤȴˣѾʧȥıġ
󣬳۵
ϯĬȻ
Ѿ˳馡
馵;ֻǽֹڴˡ
˵ȶǱȶͰѹ͹ȥ߸£Ѿǹﶯ֣ӵķϣһ棬û˵ֻϰ˺ȥôһ
Լ¶ϯͷ𾪵ĲУȷֵ
ţѾץߵӣгġ
ϯʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ĵĸףŻԼ֣
ΪʲôԼ֣Ǿͱģӡƶ١
ϯͻȻʵѵΪҪؾǣ
ŰɣԭͲҷ̫̫ȥ㣬Űĸͻġ
غݺ󣬹ﵱȻûھ
ھǣۡǵҵŮˣۡСС£˵㡣
ںݣһҪżŮȥĸǰִ̺ĸòϴҪӡϴĥıѾ߶硣
Ҫǻϰ˻ţֻ¹ͱӡϸĥˡ
Թ˵ݳǵĳĵһ޲òϳ
ȥǣǲٿܵģŵȶǱȶҲЩ͹ȥĺǶ
ﶼҳԼ¶ʲôģ
̫үͳϰ˲üӸˣ򼸸Ѿ߻úչ˶ļӡ


881

ѹȥֱǳ̫үһڹôຢӵķϣڹ˵ķϡ
ҺͳҽüʮˣܲΪһĨɱ˼ʮɡ
ɳ£Ҳܲҡ
̫ү˰ѹ̫ү˹˹鷿̸ϰ죬֮󣬹̫үһĻȥˡ
֮󣬹һ˵ǸүĺʵǶԳǸ
ϯڳ̫̫ǱҲ˵ˣΪϰ˷˽£߸üӣϰ˸ȥչˡ
£㶼˵ˣ̫̫ǲˣϯ
ϯüһװ֪һãȻʲô£
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ϯﴹ˳үĻ絥ӣݸ̫̫Ѿȥϰ˿ˣϰ˵ҺүʱǶʮˣڹȥˣүС˵һˡ
գôˣʣˣɾͶҪˡ̫̫ԥţ뵽ϰ˶ˣҪǲͬ⣬Ǿš
ҿɲǮ
Ϊˣǰ
˼ˣ̫̫Ŀڵò˵ȥ迴ʲôˡ
ˣҾͲȥˡ
ϯǻϧӡ
˭֪űСһƼͼææ̫̫ˣˡ
̫̫͹ˣﱻԴһͷѪȥܵССҲˣˣ̫̫Ժأϰ˶˹ȥ
ӡϺ͹һܣϯϵϾӡڳЩģ£ˣȴԼˣһӡϵ֪Լ¶ͷˮһǲŹġ
ӡϣɴһƲ硣
ϰȴˣϯＱˣæСҴҸȥá
ϰôˣûȥ򣿡ϯһãͼʳ衣
Ѿȥˡ踣ַԸѾ߸ϯﵹ裬ϯ˵ˣϰ˻ԲѣȲ衣
һ̫̫Ҳˣϰ󣬾ķ߷ߵĵӡϣֱø£ϰ˶аţȥˣ޷Ǿǲϰ˶Թĳͷ


882

ôˣ˵Դϯ
үڼۡͷȴѪǻ
̫̫ѾȥˣҲܣģۺӻأôµ֣
⻰ȻҲԩĺ˽ȻΪ˹ӣ׶Ӷ¶ȥ
һҪǶⲻˣ߸С忸סи̣ѵͲڣ
̫̫ǱߣҲ˿ˣⶼʲô°̫̫һѾ歺Ͱڹߣû̯һð歰ԽҲġ
̫̫̾ϯҲ֪˵ʲôá
Ƕ£ӡϱͲͣǲɵȥܶ¡
ҪܣҲֻϰ˵¡
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ϯæϰ˰
ϰŭģһʱιȥͺˡϰ˰͵ϷĽҩǰѾˣϰ¡
л򡣡̫̫æԸѾ߱īֽ⡣
ҩ̫̫ϯչϰˣȥ˹Ժ
Ⱦȥҽҩ
̫̫˳ȥϯҩݸȾ
ȾӦǣҩҴҳȥˡôˣ˵Դϯ
үڼۡͷȴѪǻ
̫̫ѾȥˣҲܣģۺӻأôµ֣
⻰ȻҲԩĺ˽ȻΪ˹ӣ׶Ӷ¶ȥ
һҪǶⲻˣ߸С忸סи̣ѵͲڣ
̫̫ǱߣҲ˿ˣⶼʲô°̫̫һѾ歺Ͱڹߣû̯һð歰ԽҲġ
̫̫̾ϯҲ֪˵ʲôá
Ƕ£ӡϱͲͣǲɵȥܶ¡
ҪܣҲֻϰ˵¡
ûãˡ
ϯæϰ˰
ϰŭģһʱιȥͺˡϰ˰͵ϷĽҩǰѾˣϰ¡
л򡣡̫̫æԸѾ߱īֽ⡣
л


883

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ǲСӾô۸ˣճ˲һ˵ǾͲߡ
ӡҼλ̫̫ڵڳҴſڳ졣
ӡ̫̫ӡϵ֣޿ҿĹŮ޽Ҷʮ꣬йͣҲпͣô׵ıҸˣҪôӴ
ȢϱͰѾϱˣǿСûܸµӣСء
СӶͬȢƽˣƾʲôСӣ
ӡλ̫̫
ſڣΧ˿ֵˣ˷׷ָӡϣ䳰ȷ˵Тȡ
ӡƢãͳϰ˲ϵ£˶֪
Ҷӡһֱų馵ƣΪ˲ˣˣܶͿӡϵΪ
ǰгɽгɽ˾㿴ӡϲ˳ۣҲָʲô
գӡϱˣѹˣ˳۵ˣ˿˵ĻһѰѵһӡϵϡ
ţڿһգõӦ
ǣǲδӵˣӦˡ
ޣҲнգá
ô񶾵ĸˣÿүעûӣȻ֪ö񶾳ʲôء
˵ڳңϰˣһնûóϰͣջѳϰ˸˹ȥ
ӴǴ治
ТҾͲֻӦðȥţŰš
ϰҲǸ֮ˣôϱô꣬ңڲʺ
˵γ̫үҲĺˣŻӡϡ
ãôõţҲ֪Т˳

ΧԽԽ󣬽ģǹӡҼλ̫̫
ӡΧɫҲԽԽ죬ԽԽӡ̫үվסˣţˡ
ӡ̫̫ˣãӡ̫үһۣߣ۲ɣ
ͷӣѵͲŮˣ
ʲôȡ
ӡ̫ү³ԱߵѾæӡ̫̫ӡϣ
ӡҼλү̫̫̫ү̫̫ˣҲֵȥ
ӡҵһߣȺоһŸɾվлλִԣҼүףλү̫̫ǹȱϲơ


884

ÿҲʵʵ˵ѡ
ھӣﻥ
ǸգǾͲһء
˷׷׿ĵ
˽ɢ˺ӾʹӺŽ˳á
̫̫ūԸӡ˶ˡ
ӣϯھĹӣϯ³ȣϸ£λغݣϯͽߡ
ϯЦˣһ󣬵ˣͷ£Ҫ
ӽ˷죬ллֱ̫̫֤͡ūһóұϻ
ȥˡ
ϰˣϯæԸѾߣ¯ŵҩ˽ιϰ˺ȡ
ûֻһʱżˣòźҩϰ˿Ķҩüͷ塣
ϯŵ˵ˣɢȥҲãȥҩﻹǺ˰ɣð㡣
㰢ˣ
ţ鷿أүүڡӼȥ鷿顣
ӡҵ¡
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ÿҲʵʵ˵ѡ
ھӣﻥ
ǸգǾͲһء
˷׷׿ĵ
˽ɢ˺ӾʹӺŽ˳á
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ӣϯھĹӣϯ³ȣϸ£λغݣϯͽߡ
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ϰˣϯæԸѾߣ¯ŵҩ˽ιϰ˺ȡ
ûֻһʱżˣòźҩϰ˿Ķҩüͷ塣
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㰢ˣ
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885

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ϯʱʲôǵӡҲҵףҼĿӡ]ȥ˵ӡүջƿˣһ˾үһ
ǺݳǵصصˣӶѳɽȴû˵٣ǰΪסвҵͳ̼ҹϵãÿҶҪһӴԶóԶΪҵĿɽ
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ǣ֮ǰ֪˹ϵսã˼Ҿͱˡ
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Ϊˣÿ궼Ҫһӡ
ҵŮȡţ˹ٿȡϾˣǾǾү
Ŭһѣȡʿ׵ľǳ͢١
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ЯŮôҲֺǿɣ
Цӡ˾Ѫ棬̰޶ȣЯӡңӡ;Ҳˣһӡ˹٣ҾԾĹ
ӡ˿ɶ֮
ЩֻԻῴڳ馵ϰӡңΪӡôQԽȥҶүүɶǳ͢Ʒܡ
Ҳһȫˣһӡ˹٣һССƷҲһ̻ǿ
ʱһΪӡ˵⡭
Ԩ֪һʲô
ȻΪҵͷּɡ
һȥӡһˣӡҵļƻ
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ϣȥãûȾƣֱҹŻС˯ˣȥķСǰվһ
Ȼ˶һں󣬾Ϣĳ˷š
һ磬ͳˡ
磬ݳǴӡϲͲТ˵¡
֮ӡĳҵļҵ̣ȫ˻ȥҪӡң֮ڣĻȫߡ


886

ȻһЩӡҺ̼ң׷ӡңҪ˻˺ٺЭ飬Ҫӡ⳥ӡ
ӡһҲרУһЩͳҽõ̼ңῴڳҵϣӡҺӡҵòϡ
ӡҵĳһ㣬һ㣬û۸ȴ̼׬ʲôӣԽҲ࣬ٳɶ࣬û̼ҶˣӡҲࡣ
ӡҺͳ˺˳ңЩڳϣӡ̼ңҲˣ׷ӡȥҪӡ⳥ӡ
ͨĲϣȴ˶Ʒϵļ۸̼ҰѲ϶˻ӡҴſڡ
ӡһʱ֮䣬˿ֻ֮С
ӡ̫үû취ֻúӡҴүһȥңҼæ
ҲȻƴ̶֣չ򣬾ͰӡҵѸˣ˵գӡĶȫȥҼصؿճͷ
Щ˻ĲϣҼӡ˳һ⣬ȥڴϽ
۸ۻһɣ˺̶ܶ࣬ڣһϣȫˡ
˵ӡҪ׬ӣܱȲ϶ڿⷿùǿ

̫̫ū澴ŵӡӶӡûͬ⣬ȴƤ˵ʱûӸңҴӦǼӵš
ǵ֪ӡװʹùҵʮ꣬£ˣҲûͬ⣬ɵ
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յϣҲ
ȻҲһʲСʧ뵽ӡܿл˵٣˾ӡʱһѣպӡ˹٣ôҲüһ顣
ӡϱսҪͣˡϯﵭЦӡһжңյӡҵĵλˮǴߣҳĳʱӡңǵüβ͹Ӱɣ
ϯ˵ӡ̤Ѻ»е֡
ӡ˲ỹˣðɣƼӣڵٸū澾ͳȥǣǴˣǻҲ
ϯһۣӡҹ̣ӡѵƴҵḶ́


887

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ȻպҲǳүһգﱻӡ˸˻
үӭӸսӵڰأӡҵĶʮѾǣͺƺƵ˳
һͻĻһ飬ͳļױ
ƺƵֵ͵˳Ҵſڡ
ʱүڰã̫үϰϣһЦݣүͳ̫̫һϣһųϯиϻĳ̫̫
Ҽӣڴá
ﱻ͵ҴſʱҴδأӡ˾ֱӴ˽ȥڳҹܼһ飬æȥһƫƧԺ˿סǣȻܼҼææȥ˴á
ֵģպڰݸãܼһɫȴֲҴ󺰴죬»˳үĻ¡
󣬹ֻܼߵүߣ˵˼仰
үɫ䣬˿ָֻܿһЦݣȻ󳯳̧̧ͷʹһɫʾܼҳȥ
үҺһȥ
ϯҲ˳үɫѰ˼Ÿۡһ£ȥ̫̫˵˾䣬ɩȥϲ籸ˣͽˡ
ţȥɡ
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Ҫǰʶ尢ˣʲôÿģİҪȥʲô
Ӱ㣬һճϣ²ȥ
ϯҲڸ˵ʲôž͸Űɡ
ϯͳܼңһ·ߵٵĵطʵܼңۡʲô£
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ҶӣǰϲסĵضΪطƫƧûԸסǶԺӾһֱš
ϯüӡȱ£ȻѡհͻѵͲӡŮͲӡҵŮ
ɫȻһƬ
ҧгݵܼңȻشȥȥǱߣٲ˹ܼ¡


888

ϯҲǰܼңҺүȥǳܹܣʱӦȥ·ÿɲû㣬ȥɡ
ܼҽŲһ٣뵽ûһӵĿҪֻ̺÷شȥ
ϯҴȥҶӡ
һģСӣƼ񣬺ͳߣһСѾߡ
ҶԺſڣͷԸӡ˶ߣҲκ⣬үĻ硣
뻰Ÿ䣬оˣȻ󲻵ӡҵһȺѾǷӦǾͱ˵ϡ
Сܳȥ򣬼
Ƽǰһһϵӵϣľİ㣬档
ʮˣѵġ
Ȼ󣬱ʻ뿪˳ҡ
ڳѾӣҶӣ˿š
İ壬ӡңѵ㲻ȥӡΪָôڳϯҪ뿪Ҷʱźŵ
ӡϱݻӡң͸׼ӡ˺ӡϣɴûа㵱ŮŮ
ȻҲͲΪӡϣ˳
ӡϵŮҲӡҵŮ
ӡ˿˼ʹ࣬ݳӡҡ
̱ڵϣ޺һжҶҪǳҰӡôң
ǳҵĴǳҺһӣء
ڵϣ޴󺿡
ǳүĴϲ֮գɥƵģó뼫䲻ϲķԸƼ죬ү½֮ǰڡ
ǣү
Ƽᷳ˳òһԹ󱨸ĻᣬƼֿ˻
Ƽԭȥӵ֣ͻȻСӣ
Ҫʲô
˵أ
Ƽ㣬eԼѣѡ
СӰһֻӵݸƼƼù˳
һ޺޵ĵ˵ʲô
ƼٺһЦӣū澣
ӣģҪʶʱ񣬲ȻһգصһҪû˵ġƼһըƣЦģӣū澵Ļ㶮˰ɣ
вvv澣Ȼв
Ҫȴһ˵ͱס죬ģûѬ
ƴƴƼƼȴһҲ£Ҳݡ


889

ӣүĴϲ֮գҲ뱻үɣƼгֻЦ⣬𼱣үˣգү̫үϰ֪ϰ˿һֱ۰ģ֪㱻ˣϰһưġ
۰ƨһֱ
ȥ趨ʡ̿һ䵭ӣûйʱӹɢϲ֮顣
ϯﻹûİ嶨֮ǰһˣŮס
ôļױ͵͵ϯױȴֻͷ桭ôױʮױŮױȴһˣô۰
һ뵽Լð̵ģֱˣҲû˻ỤˣȻףص˳ңպֻҲù
ӣū澻ûϲأūȥϲ磬ĹƼɲֶ֡
ƼѳҶӵһ䷿䣬ֺʹӣڷſڡ
³ӴߣƼ԰ѴˣȻ̵ȥͩԷ
ͩԷϰԺΪүѡԺӣϧӣʮԶ
ʱͩԷֶֺ
ʮͳүõҹӸǣҪүȥҧŵһƤǵһ㽶
үһɵģСڣǴϱһ㽶§ϱϱԴһھͰϱ¶Ĵ㽶ˡ
󣬻˵棬ϱһڣߵļͨ죬޲Ҹضȥȴ̵ġ
˴ϣֱ¹϶գܹܼʱˣµү̫̫ҹȰһ﹫Ӹɢˡ
գǼ֮ա
ϯﱸһΪ
תգϻ֮գȼϺͳүһ߳Ҵţϯȥãϰˣﱻӡݻ顣
ϰɫ˵̫үӡϺҾͲŰһգԭﻹϣӡϿڰŮķϣһ·û뵽ǣʳӣϻ񶾡
ϰᵽӡϣͺ޵Ҫǻڲͬ϶ҪȢӡΪ޵¡
үӡϵĻ£ǳүԼģԭȻǳүӡһ飬֮Ӵ


890

үӡϣ䲻Ȣ
ϰû취۶ӣ֪ӡ˶˵£ͬ¡
֮ڵ֪ӡ˳֮ӣٻк󣬾͸ү˹
ҪǵӡҪŪְճĳϰ˻үӡϵĸ顣
񣬳үͷûӡϵĵλ
ӡ϶ԳүԳңҲǳԹޡ
Գ̫̫ҲûϲǴźģΪΪʹӣ
ҲΪϰ˲Żү檣ҲˣǷַɶ꣬ĸ飬Ҳһһεıûˡ
ԣףӡнգǳĴ
ҪΪӣӡϺͳ馾ͻүүһ򳪸档
Ͳй
Ҳг歡
пܿ
ԣӡĵףһֱϲӡҪݳʱӡһ仰ҲûΪ˵
ϰ˵ӣӡϣӸϻˣ⺢ӣǽ̵ˣ˰ˣɣպҲʲôˡ
ϰǴôǳҵˣϰҲ᲻ֻǾڳϡ
ڼɣٷųȥ˼ˡϰ˵
ϯӱʱҶӣ㿴ҪҪӻһԺסǰסԺӱúͳסء
ˣҶƫƧʺס
ϰ˰˰ַ֣ԸϯҶӰʹӹȥúÿŰš
ǣ
Ҫ˿سȥ˼
ϯãһֱ磬ϰ˳緹󣬲Żϧӡ
ϯԸƼȥҶӵĴͨʹӣҶӣضӣǣö̤Ҷһ
̫̫ߵѾأܲܳҶӣ
Űɣϰ˵˼
ūˡ
Ƽˡ
үͼϻŻˣӼҴٵģϧҲһϻӡ
ϼףҽ˰ϯ޵Ĺ̺͹̫̫Ƕȥˣӱĸ߸ߵģʱü۶Ц⣬Ӷ԰ʮء
ڶһ磬ϯȥ밲ʱϰ˾Ц֣


891

ϯЦˣ˵ԸүĻǰӡ
ǺǺǣ㼸˰СңҵļӣϲţСʱڼסֵܱ꣬ȣ㼸˸۰壬ǼƯŮֺãҲͻݣԭǴ㽫öһ˼ճϱģҺƤҪϱ
£ϰ˾һ⡣
ϱΨ϶ϱϲģĸϱģ⣬ϡĽ
ˣһ⣬֪˵ʲôá
ϯЦ˵ǰ۹ã˵ɩɩҲǰѡģ
ɲôϰЦ죬Һ̫̫ϵãʱѽһοɩҴϱˡ
ֵɩڹۿģ˼ţˤǰϥǶѪˣȴǿûһۣûбŵƵŮӣ
ʱ϶ûףԭǴ㽫ϱ϶ģֻǣҪȥʱȴ϶һλСںȲ衣
λС㣬Ȼӡϡ
ϰ뵽˲£ϵЦ⵭ˣϯĲ£ͷԸ˰緹
ѵĸϱͼŮڣϰ˾Ͱ˶һСһ
극ϰ³̫̫˵ϯ＾ϳõˣ׷׸뿪
ϯｻãһãϾ͵ҳէҲôۡأĲλĵطİɩһ
ϰǸȰ֮ˣСòŽšϯﰲЦЦпˣȥϧһ
ԼϣҲ˽õ˼
ʮָˣүڼңգһȥݷá
ϧӺͩԷĺܽվͩԷԺſڣܿϧӵԺţ˵ϧԺ˲ˮҲȥ
ϯͼϣͩԷϧ֮Ĳ·Ϸֱ
صϧӺƼҴ˵糿Ҫȥøϰ밲ӸסˣûöȥӾӣվҶԺűһϡ
˭ֻҪغˣҶһͺáϯɫķԸӼأȥ
ǣūȥҪӡ
Ƽıš


892

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˭֪պҶӾȻѾһϯӵϢʧɫ
ô£˿ôͳ
ϯһƼһ߳ҶӸȥ
ƼūѾʹˣѾӡʱӡүһȱӡү谮ţΪ˶һӣΪ˶һֱԹġ
ΣﱻݣΪѾߣȻҲҪһͻСѾ߲⣬Ҳòųһسҡ
ЩӣﱻݣһֱҶӣͷһֱѹһɻѾߴɨʱʧִ˳ϲһֻӣŭץһӣͳѾߵԴȥ
Ѿ߾͵ڵϣͷѪ
ﲻ˸򣬻ӰѾϵԺǻҲܡ
Ѿ߾ͻʧѪ
ŵӶʲôôûϯŭʡ
Ƽί˵ɹȥӣӲýҶԺӣһֱҶԺſڿأԺŻһֱţ龰ӸͿ̽
ô֪ܴأ
һУѾ߾ˣȻʧѪ࣬г¶⣬ûԺſڵӣ֪ѽ
ϯ֪£Ҳӿز
ƼҴҸϵҶʱ̫̫ѾˣѾԸӰѾߵʬ˳ȥԸȥһڱƤײģѡһƫɽҰ֣Ѿߡ
ĵãˡ̫̫һƣĴкֵ£Ѿ֪ͨϰˣϰ˵ƢãҲܲסŵȹգЩͽӺ͹һȥ
ûеء
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ҲȥģǴݲطҲҪȥҲȥҪңҾǵǰͻȻ̫̫ŭ
̫̫ޱĿ˵£㲻Ըȥe˵ȥϰ˵ֻҪϰͬڳģҲߡ
ʱ̱ڵϣʹ飬Ҿ֪ϲңݲңأΪʲôͬŮͷֻгߡ


893

ԹԹǸˣ˵ϰϲ߶㣬ֺСʲô
ƾʲôҪϰϲ㣿
Сʱ򣬾˼񶾣͵ڵϣҪе̫̫С
Ϊ㣬δߣȴ۸ߣ߲ż´ʱ;ô˲ߣ͵͵ֱۣʱŶ󣿡
ǿʤϲˣһıƺˡ
ģ˭ϲ
˵ϰˣ˵жϲ㣿
ӡΪھǣףӡ϶ûܻļױҲǳܽʣµġ
۴ޣǣǲãܹ𣿡
ءС̾ͲϲңϲߣΪܶð̵Ŀ⣬Ҿ͹ˣһЩСƢǣȴԽԽңҲŮҲϣܵõ̵ϲڳ趨ʡʱһԷ
һ߿ޣһ߿ߣڳңϲģļŮ̵ְĻġ
㣬ϯˣҲҵð̵Ļģƾʲôݺݵĵϯ㲻һ˶ѣƾʲôϲ㣬ȴϲң
ƾʲôԼļױ㣬ȴңƾʲô
ءҲҲģҲǳҵճС㣬ҰǳҹְߵүƾʲôҪڳҵõôĲƽ
һֱѹڳ̫ԹޣȫŴ̫̫ϯ˳
̫̫һߣ޲öסԼĶû
ϯĸߣ˵ֻ۾ҵļױϰ˸ģ
ϰͨү֣˽һЩȴûɼױдڼױϴױӵޣģǶġ
ˣ㲻һݻḶ́ҺαҪҵļױӳҲһݣ˭ɣֱȥζױӾǡ
Ȼү˽˽ҵģӵ££κˡ
˵˵ȥ㲻Ǽҵϰ˵Ļİɣǰڰ£ͼʺң鷳ڷɽǰﺦҪ˰ɡ
ϯĶͳڵ̬ȣòŵһЩպɣ͹ȥ


894

ŭʲôƾʲôңҪΪ޽˳ңҵҸ㣬㻹ûȨҲճģҲĳС㡣
ۡӣ㶼۸ˣС㣿߲߰Ƽ̲סЦ˳Է䡣
˵һĿ⣬˲Ƽҳҵһv澶ѣҲҳЦңգҰһҪҰúҤȥ
ףңûһ˻ӭͲʧeˡ
ﱻˣҲֻһˡ
ֻаĿɽ
ҲֻаŻỤһɡ
ƼǺһЦҼ̫̫ū澣үңûǸȨ
ȾĸѾߵϯ޽Һ󣬾ͻǣԣū
Ȼ£ֻү̫̫֪ǲ֪ġ
һûںƼһūż۲ݣ̫̫˵ȥãԣһҪ󡣡
˵ɣֻҪܰõһӦġ̫̫˼֣ô˵ҲļңˣҲԸĿѹ
ڳ̫̫ѹûøУʵģҪҵļױȫƱߣҵӣҷңǳҪӸң۸Ͱϵ㡣
УҴӦ㡣
ҿɲ̰ҹ̵ôױҪߣǾͶߺˡ
ʰöպ󣬾ȥȻϯﶼˣǾߣҹζ࣬ǳʲô
̫̫ϯҶӡ
һȥãϰ¡
һʼɳ̫̫㱨ȳ̫̫ϯϰǰ˵ϱТͬ⣬öӺ͹պȥ밢ͷϱ
ôҲɡϰԷϯϱһ˵ȷʵ̫ˣݻң͸ùԹǣ⼸գ˶ٳȥҲãҲհʹˣܲڣǳҲҪĹӣҺˣ켦ɹʲôӣ
ϰûϯ˳˵˵ļױҸðģҸһ֣Ҳ˵ʲô


895

ǰľˣҳҵĴˣޣһݼױ˭˵ʲô
ͷİɣ˰Ǹµģû˻ϰ˰ֱ
̫̫Ҳһ˵ǰĵãαظһʶʲôƢԣ˭ֲ֪ҲĶ롣
šϯЦˣҲǼңҲŲƽϡ
ʵҲǵĳ̫̫룬Ͼͬϰ˵ĶϱȴͬԴ̫̫ڿҲɣ
ڣϰҲһ
óϯȥ˹Ժ
Դӵ֪ǹԼ¶ͱһֱԼ׼ȥ
ϯʱڸ߸£ϯˣʮ񣬡̫̫ңȥһ
ˣǸ㼸仰ߡϯɨһ۱һߵСѣﰵ̾һ
պ󣬸Ͷȥߵ½·Ҫʲôʰɡ
ô죿ɫ䣬˵Ҫô
̰ɣҪȥġϯ˵꣬ת뿪ߵſʱͻȻͷ˵üˣѾչţͷģ歺ͳãϰҲҸżҼ޳ȥ
һߣҪٻͲ֪Ǻºˡ
歺ͳҲ˶żҵͣﲻߣǵĻ£ϰ
ʱˡ
涳ϯһͷ̫̫һֱ֪ǸĵĴˣ㣬˺󣬰Ҷտһ°üҡһӣҲֻˣҡ߰ҺˣҲΪԼӣ͡
ʵ˵
ϯȴĿһۣת뿪ˡ
֪գαص
ϵĶѾˣǽⲻˣǶҪӵ
ĸף̫˽ˡ
ҪҲհɡ
պ󣬳һӻ͹ȥ˴
Ϊ£ͣˣ̫̫Ҳʼ߸˵ĳڵ
˭֪³ͳһӱ޻ˣ˵ǳʧˡ
ڶʮƤӵ£˲ˣˡ
ʲô̫үʧɫŭ죬ʮˣҲסһСѾͷһ·϶ڸʲôԵģ


896

ǰҹ͵͵ߵģøѾ߼ٰʱѾ߹סӣūҲûϸū𷣡
Ѿˣڷʲôã̫үŭۣˣ˳ȥ˰ɣһСߣ˻ô졣
ԼŮ̫үȻϲҲ﷢ʲôҵ顣
Ѿ߱ץˣй˵Ƕǵķȥˡ
ϰԣüͷͷӣѾͷǸģҿһȥҰܽȥˣǸǱȥţڻҴſڣһܵȵ
дţģɼ˸ȥǣһҵˣȥ϶úù̹ܽܽ
̫үԸţȥ鷿дš
Ҳϧӣ˳ȥ˾һˡ
ΪȰ޷죬һҵ˭֪ʮ·ݣǱ߻ûϢ
ֱʮһ·ݣٽӵϢʱﾹȻѾܽ˻ҡ
ϰ˶ʱܻܽôô£Ǳ˵죬˸ôǳƷУ
ܽһССԼżңסżҼʲô¶
ż˻ÿѽ
ϰ˶ʱԸ룬ȥҽˣ򲻿ǽǳҵ
ϯɸ봫ţǣȥҽӳ
ǣպϯӵ˷ɸţ˵Ѿ˻һ֧һλү
ңǳԼϯֱ˶ԷĴ
ԷҲһӵܡ
߳˳⣬ʮ
ϯ￴ʱֻĿǱһʯͷסһ㣬Ҫ͸
ţ˼룬Ǿȥãϰ̹ס
ϰ˿ţϯﻹҪܣһĨᣬһߵѾͷӡϽ̻ˣһģȻҪȥ˵ĴããǺðôǳҵһ£պҲǳˡ
ϰҪԽһӳҳ
ϯ󾪣С£˼
˼ѾĺˣǳûŮҲûаԼǳҵˡȻҲɳǵȲҪ
̫̫ϹȰ˵ϰˣϰȴģҪԽ޳ס


897

ϰ˵ǳˣһߡ
ǽܽͳ޳˳ס
Ϣڵڶյ磬ʹݳǣϰ˵İ£ڼ֮Ҳǡ
ҽãʱ˾˿еЦʹǵżҶҪͿǼۡ
ԭݲߣǸҶûˣ޸ĸƼ㣬żҵ˸ǿˡ
֮󣬶żҵĵλͨѾ߶磬ǵķҲôǡ
ܳӺѹ֪
ϯЯ򣬻ؾǣμϯĻʱϸ֪˵ﾹȻ͵ӣ˵ץס󱻷Ҹˣ֮󣬳ﻹҪͶܽɳܽѱû취ֻͶ޸һʮ̻ϰС檡
ȻⶼǺ󻰡
ڽͳܽ޳׺ϰ˾ͻȻˡ
һΣڣǶգϺɪɪϰ˵ĲͲãһֱڲš
ʮһ£̫̫ʼæųﱸ£ϯͳȥȼһٸо˵顣
о٣Ұʮָˣصس˼ϯѹء
ϯȥ磬û뵽ҵȥĸ磬ѼѾվҰߣһдˡ
ѼѼϯʱϻһ˿ߣЩ˼˵æҹһѣҲáЦˣȥ̺ҰѾͷˡ
ѼѱϯЦһ죬æȥݡ
ϯﵽûã̫̫Ů춼Яźء
̻ѵõģһ֧Ȼôȡ˾ˣҵ̫үʮָˣź񣬴żٹء
һգʮ֣ҰԤϯ̫ү棬ھ¥ﶨ˼ϯ˹ȫˡ
ҾϯĵգҰýţȥӣҪոȺѼ顣
ӶһգõϢϯűڷ˵Ļ
Ѽ˵¶ʮʮգʱ伱˵ȴӦˣ˵Ȣϱ֡޸ɣǹǰĻ顣
ҲȢϱ֡
ӣҲõܾÿڡ


898

οѼѶǴˣһ꣬ϹҲѼպȥżңЦ
ϯʱ䶨ͦģ㻹ʲôҪģ˼⣬øңóҵ巻ٸ
Ѽߣҿ巻ģĶóҵæ˵ˣҵļױˣҲˣʲô
˵ȿȡ˾ˣݲͬգ԰ԭðõļױˣҪЩױء
Ȼ£ܸϯ˵Ѿռϯܶˣ£ϯæ
ѼѲ뵽⣬ϯ͵ʲôҪҰæģһҪڣǿױã׽ûҪãɲҿ
֪ˣʲôʱȻô˵Ѽѻûϯ￪ڡ
Ѽû뵽ʮϯȴһױһ붫ӳģһĶӾǴġ
ϵȳУһϻӴ飬һ飬һ׳Ƕʯͷ桭
ÿһʮֹء
Ѽѿ۾ˣֻǣ̫أգϯȴ˵ұݣһݸģһݸһǸ׼ģɱƴǣЩҶء
ѼѶʱԹĵҸǰҫ˭֪÷ã÷׬Ǯ㲻
֪ͺã˰ȥ
Ѽ֪ܾˣֻһСİȥҼ뵽ļױϡ
ϯһױѼѵļױʱ˲٣˵һˣǼ޸ٵģôױҲ㹻ˡ
ʮˣҲһݼױ
Ȼûϯ͵ķҲ٣һ׳ͷ棬ͼֵٶӣԶ׹ӣƥУһֵİٶӡ
֮󣬼ɩӵױһЩѵױȵһݼױ͵ȥʱҰﶼˡ
ױɣĸĸ˵ùǱߵױڰ·Ȼûϯ͵ķҲ٣һ׳ͷ棬ͼֵٶӣԶ׹ӣƥУһֵİٶӡ
֮󣬼ɩӵױһЩѵױȵһݼױ͵ȥʱҰﶼˡ
ױɣĸĸ˵ùǱߵױڰ·ϣ


899

ȵĻ񣬳ﱸʮʢ󣬾ϯҲĺܷʢҰＸеļҵ׶˳ϸһҰŰѶӵĻ£ƯƯ֡
ϯȥμѼѵĻ£үͳ̫̫ȥңμȵĻ¡
̫̫ңҲݣȵϯױ㣬ϼףүͳ̫̫صŵء
ϯͱޣ͵Һ󣬿ȥ·˵
һſأҪ˵ʲôҪϯݣʹߴٵ
ѵһ죬˵˸ױ㣬ױ˭
ϯ۾ͷһ˿ССΣͺЦ̧֣һţɾҪʧˣģǲðġ
˲ǰ
Ȼһʧ
ϯôˣ
ôܲ룿
ǰͷܼһ档
ڣһֿ궼һ棬Ź֣Ҫˡ
ϯ̾οϱǶգҲȥ˾ǣٹʮ£ҪͰɻˣҲȥǿ㻹һ̣ǳ׺Ͳ˼֮ࡣ
˭˭˼ˣ˵ҪȥȰõôǿȥȻվλöҪûˡ
ǱβͰ㣬Ҵҳݣȥˡ
ǻǴֵһĻѼѺȸհã˺Цͻ·
ϯûȥãֱȥ·
ϲϲǣ͵ĺ˺ϯŽ·
ȥ˾ƣ㡣
ϯȥʱȻûߡ
Щ޴룬ƺܽţϯһǡǾఢãҡһͻ
˵꣬ͻջǰˡ
ߵűʱżһţˤˣűߵƼĵһѡ
ϯ￴֣Ѽѵƽʱӣû뵽ҲнŵһĻ
Ѽ򣬡ͲҪȡЦˣ÷ˣӭȢʱҲǺܽô
ôҶˡ
УҼǵú
ðɣӣÿȢ޵ʱ򣬶ţŮӼһ㣬ڽôϯڴߵһСԲϡ


900

Ѽѽš
ܲô
һ뵽ϣжҹͽŵĳ
ϯ˵ýţʵ޹ӣкܶȤģ㳢˸ζ֪ˣԺͲţֻϲΡ
ү׵ĵһҹŵĲ඼ˣǣһκ󣬵ڶξͺˡ
֮󣬸ϰˡ
ȻǸֻ
Ҳ֪ԭ֮ôۣ޼䡣
ң㡣
ΪոյѼѣⷬϰߴЩ£˲ߺͷһ仰ҲӲ
ϯ϶ҪγˮˣͺǺǵ֣㣬˰ɣƼȥһ԰ɡ
ȻţϿû
Ϊ˵ϯ֪ıҪġ
Ƽȥ˳û͹ˡ
ԭһڴһٺңҪȸңһҪȥء
ȥʲôϯûĵһۣϯˣ
ûϯʼˣźһ𣬾û˵ȥԡתͷӣѼѽ㣬ҺͰȥϯһ˵ɡ
ţȥɣѾڣһʹǵġѼѵ
ѼѳޣһصȥѾߺӣΪޣѼһš
ϯ͵ƼȥˣƼ㡣
ϯȥϯˡ
ȶ˳ˣʱſȴסˣүͷأ̺ͱ̻ǻȥɡ
ϯһ㶣ȻϽˡ
ﻹ˵ô磬Ⱦ;ˣ
ֱ˳ңϯƼ˵뿪·󣬾Ȼһ¡
ԭϯﱻȥϲ粻ãʮСҲȥ·˵˵
Թӽ·󣬾ͻзҵСȥ˵ĹأԣſڵӣҲûס֪ͨһѼѣͰ˷Žȥˡ
˭֪λСȥ󣬾ͿʼѼ䳰ȷ־䶼ڼѼϹһǴãܼ޸ȣһѼѲҪȡ
˵Ѽţ۲ݡ
ָѼһʻţϡ
ȻʻȣѼѾһţࡣ
СԽ˵ԽԽԽ
ѼֲƻԼ»һգԣһʼţûˣֻǺԽԽ𣬼Ѽ˵һֻṳ˵ʎD


901

̡̣
Ѽŭ죬׼ͶԷһʱͻȻһ˳˽λСžžžȥλСˡ
ȻžİλСݺһ١
ĻֱԷ࣬ѶԷ߾ļֱ޵ݡ
ϹƱộ࣬ǳԲѣ˵ôôϲүϲˣԸȢһǴŮˣҲԸҪǣǾﲻƽ⣬Թӣ
ʱǺ˷ܰɣ
үԸȢһãҲԸȢǣѵǾûԭ򣿡
һģôڣүȢǣأ
ôҪǰ֪ô
ģ񸾶ݳǣֻҲûԸȢǰɣ
ǰϹƱƣҪǣ޵ݵȥһȥˡ
ˣƼ
ƼѼѳԣߵſڣ·ͷѼѣСƢʱŭˡ
һţͲܲ˵ģָ̧˸ƣ˶˺һ
ˣƼҪƳȥͿһվ·ſڡ
ȿƼ˵ͷ˵л
Ȼ󣬿Ůˣ˵ȥǰԽǼңҲϸӵ£һȥǼңǰۡ
Ȼ󣬲Ůο֣˰ŮӶһһͻǼȥҰȵĻתŮӼĳ

ϯƼƬ˵ɫʱģһ쵽ѧ֣ôһծ
Ƽū澴ˣǼŮҵݣ֮ǰԼҵֶŮϱֻүһֱԸ⣬²ûгɡ
Ƽеӣָȵİ
ϯɫźÿһЩȻǵһծҲôάķϣˣ£Ҳ߰˺;ĸ֪ˡ
֮¶ʮˣѼѻ֮գϯȥѼ¡
Ѽѵʹˣ˵ҲСʱһ棬֮Ҳû֮ǰǸ뷨ҲǱɩߥ޵ģټϸĸԶҪЮžŷˮڷԸȢҵıãҵա


902

Ժ㻹ǷŵɡϯȻ˵ҪҶϾϵҲֻһʱŵң˵ϾϵͶϾϵġ
£ֹܽԺҲֻܷš
Ѽһעġ
ĸʱŰһң˵Ǵұ
ʵһԳɫϺõֵ֬ҲʮңȼŻ˵ѾΨһһƷ
ǵȰ͸ȰĶȰȰѹҲûҪ
ѼίˣҪѼѣŻ͸Ѽ
ҲѼѻԭҵö䳰ȷһٵԭ
ɮ棬档
ܲܽŵһգʲôΪѵɡ
ϯ˵˵
Ҫ϶ȶԷˡ
Щ𣬾Ҫ
Ƽ˶ԷҲǰѼѳˡ

˴ϦҹٳԲʱϯڼû¶ĳ㡣
࣬ԭЩԲü˼֣ԵЩ̱ҲˣʱԷҲֻһƳ
ϯﵽʱû⣬ûԷƵģͳ̫̫˵
̫̫ȴЦźͶԷкˣ
صϰߣ˸λá
ңҲֻгϰˣ㿴ɡ
ɩ˵㣬˽ãҲÿԷһʲôģǸĸεģˣ㻹ء
˴ϦҹٳԲʱϯڼû¶ĳ㡣
࣬ԭЩԲü˼֣ԵЩ̱ҲˣʱԷҲֻһƳ
ϯﵽʱû⣬ûԷƵģͳ̫̫˵
̫̫ȴЦźͶԷкˣ
صϰߣ˸λá
ңҲֻгϰˣ㿴ɡ
ɩ˵㣬˽ãҲÿԷһʲôģǸĸεģˣ㻹ءңҲֻгϰˣ㿴ɡ
ɩ˵㣬˽ãҲÿԷһʲôģǸĸεģˣ㻹ء


903

̫̫µճӺ󣬶Ӿһֱû˶ԭһֱλһŮҲϨͷ
ϯﲻ˼ЦЦ˳Ȼɡ
ǰЩӣҲ߶Ҫڶ̥ⲻŬţҪǰӣӹꡣ
һֱûȴִ˲ƣҹҹš
ϰ˺ǺǵЦ˵һȣ˭Ȼϣ˭ȻϣҾһӸ
һӣǴֱʣ㶼ˡ
ҳʱ㶼ûҼޣȴӸɩӣҿƫˣƫɩȥˣСŮ˰ɣ
⻰̫ϰ˵ˡ
ϰɫ˵㣬ʱΪļӺĸׯޣôױ㻹٣
㰢ʱҲǸӺׯӡ
СĹŮҳ㣬صضױôڻˣȴ۲Ҹɩӵӣ
۲ǾãǹŮļױ˽͸ȫŮױȴһָӣͲƽ
ӷּңмҲֵģõϵĲҵɱǶˡ
ǹŮҲͳʱܵһЩҵļױ֮Ǽ޳ȥŮóȥˮƸٶ࣬Ҳǵˡ
ϰ˿Ůʲôֵ㼸磬ҿһҲûǣ㣬ģҪ֪㣬֪㳣֡
ο㱻ݻҺļױһǮûҪȫϣڳһҪԴɲ尡
ϰĳô䡣
ôˣ㲻ǳŮѵһܻҲɣ
˵ˣұݣǱ˭ѽڵĵһϯҪСvߥİƻҵļƻôýյز˵ͳ˿ƽٷˡ
졭ϰŭ⣬ɫģϯİɩڳۻ֮İɩ˲ѵҾô̵ģ
ʱίˣứҲҪİһƫ
ҲĹŮһ˶ѣΪʲôҲҪƫ
ء
۴ڵվˡ


904

̫̫æԸѾȥ׷
ϰŭ׷ˣôһˣ˵ȴ˻İɩĳˣǳҵĶϱһŮˡ
ݻңǼɩҪж¸лǲǣǿղ˵Ķʲôʻ
ϰܻĴ
úõһϦΪһ֣ҳҹûʲôθڡ
һͱ쭵ĳ룬ȥ˷ɽһССüסӸȥ
˺󣬳Ҷʱָֻ֡
ؼҰ̫̫꣬ͳ̫̫ȥҰֻ꣬ϯڼϰһӴӡ
ǰʱһȦɫҲ࣬ӣļҵӣĺܲ
ϰŴŮ֣ĵүôǺͿţ಻ô
Ц˵ҹһ檺žûңæȥ檶ҲٶŷˣЩӣʱǱá
ߣǸˣٸҸ㣬ҿ϶Ĳϰޱĵ
ϰֹļұõˣӻû
ȥԺһʱûҲǳҲһֱԼС檵Ķء
ÿ£̺С檵ѾӺȥʻ
ڣүҲǺ꾫˳ۣˣȴǴϺӡ
ûϾͺã㻳ˣҲüɵֻҪúý̵ӣ£סүľˡϰ˽̵Ů
ͷҲͨˣĸ޲檵ģοˣҾҪúöԴǰҵ뷨ڣҲܷȥҹֻҪҵӻģҾˡ
ϰ˰̾һŮˣ˭ôء
Ҳɵɵ˳̫үôһ麺ӡ
ǣĳ麺ӣм
ǸǮȨƵߣûŮ̺
£뿪˾ͺãµľ벻
ڣĴŮ뿪ˡ
ȥɣôûˣƢҪȥ㡣
ϰ˰˰֣˵ȥˣ㱻İȥסˣѾͷƢ˽ھѧˣҪԳԿҲá


905

죬Ҫʲôϰһӣ
ϰ˺ϯ˵Ⱦĵ飬ǰ˸ӣϸ˻ˣ˼˶ȥݳǺϲƣҺͷûȥǹȥģ˵ϵڳŵȾ˴Ӻ󣬾Ҫҵ㴽
ϰԣüͷšȾ㴣ĵҷˣҪˡ
ߣʲôҲǸϻ̫ҽļҪ׬ӣĻǳҡһҲ¸Ŷ
ΪÿζžûӮ
಻壬ҪңΪסңסңޡ쿪Ρ
ҲϹȻûƳžһˡϰŮļôԵί;öԲסŮ
ൽʱˬһЦ˵˭ŶϱôĿİģұиɽأҿɲļң˵ˣһֱվߵġ
ǳŵĵ
ǷվߣļȫҶ۸һŻίء
˵Ⱦĵ£صظҵϯ֪
̫̫ȥգֻһ̥˵ǼŮģСʱӣٲܻУ̫̫һ֮£ͰǸŮȥһׯţүϧҲĸף߼Ů£үҲûš
ȥǰ̫̫ǼŮӻ꣬ǼŮһ£֧һ˼ҵү
һңҲ
ϯȴ֪һϯǸҡ
֪ϯֱͬץ֮ϯеŮУλȨȥһ롣
ֳӢ͵ˣϯݣϯñݵȵ౻˵ЦϯҼĵλԽ»ˡ
㺳ӡ峤֮λ
ϯһˣϯҴ󷿲ٳΪĿɽ֮ͿʼĥeĿɽݳңĿꡣ
ⲻҵһϯڰϯִٳɵġ
ֵ˵ϯ᰻Ҫôũӻˣżûβ£һǰҲ֪滹Ǽ١
˵Ǳȥũϯá
ϯЦЦ˵ϯҵ£Ժ޹أֻҪǲңҲȥ鷳


906

ϯҴǰĳԹǰѾѩˡ
ϯҴ󷿽ĳԹҲͱȥˡ
ԣҵ˹̵֮ϯҴ󷿵ĶԹԹͳ׵׽ˡ
Դ֮ϯҴ󷿵κ£޹ء
ԴԺֻҪϯҴ󷿵˲Ϲ鷳ҲԲȥҶԷ鷳
ϯᰣϯãϯ壬ˣǹĺҲգĲҲգû˹ϵ
࿴ϯﲻٹϯҵ£ЩյңˣڿɲϯңǾǵƽңϯңɲ޹ϸô
ϯǵҲǣ֮ܳ󣬻һϯҰ̺Ͱһֻ֧֧ϯҴҲϸ𣬵ʱֱֶ֧Ӽǵϯҵ֧ȥҰͰҲǨƵ֧ȥ
ϯҴ󷿣һ֦㡣
ȻҪϯҴһ̯ӣﶼԼŮպǣϡ
ԣɶ໨һӣϯҵ֧ǣϹϵ
ҲУˣϯҵϵһ˶ͬˣ
ͬˣ˵õġ
ܲͬô
ǿǾƽĴӡ
ϯҵϵһͲܸء
һκϯ˵໰ϯʵ̹ףʲô£ʣͻ𰮼ëƤӡҪǿĶࡣ
ȵ緹ʱԼϵһժҪϯϣ˵ʱҲûױ㻳ʱҲûӣǰޣǺöţҸĲ񡣡
˵ˣϯﲻҲãֻ¡
˳󣬻ϧӣϯ￴ӣԳ󰢽϶ϲӣ緹ʱҶСģ¿ˣû뵽ʱȻ͸ҡ
ү˵ǲҪһ󰢽㣿
ϯԺаԼһЩصĶһӣҲһӸࡣ
ϰ˵һ͸ǶӺˡ
Ƕӣǵúǰϰ˿Ǹ˳ױģǶӶϰ˵ɲһ
϶Ҳϲġ
Ժ󣬴󰢽Ķ¾ǣҪգ󰢽᲻ˣƢǼüġ


907

ƢãʵƢһ
ϯЦӦ¡
£ѮϰյһԴţǳд˵ܿһŮ
˵ﶯ˿ܿĿܿѲһʬ
ܿĸŮ䱻ȻˣĸŮ˵ȴãŮಡܿҲʧѪ࣬ʧ󣬴˵ҪٻУֻѡ
һֱοܸܿӵĳ馣ŭ졣
һŭ֮£Ͱ˰ѹͻˡ
Ҫǿڹӵķϣ馶ֱ˹ȥ
ô˵Ѿٻ·ϡϰ˰ŵݸ̫̫
̫̫ɨһźɫͱˣﲻڸУһٳ߸ô죿
Ǿȥã뵤顣ϰ˺˺ģ
һ٣ٶĲкҵãƢٺãҲôһΣںߡ
̫̫Ӧǣ˸࿴˼
ϰ˵ǰգ˵ǻ˼ңóȥˣǺǼҵӱһЩǳҿеľǶԷƷǮǳҲȱ
̫̫֪⣬ģʱ˽¶С㼸ѹӣһԿࡣ
ô˵ǻ˼ң˵зǣռκһǮˣÿÿǮ֣һӣ˵ʲôǮͭζ
ϰ˵ɣճҹأŮޣøһӣ̈́eñˣͰתˮܻ٣޶١
̲ŵڣü޹ȥˣֻżҲԸԶϱĵ𣬵ʱ򣬳ûżһʳʡԼõģһֻΪһ˶顣
ˮﲻһ
ˮʳôҲһ˳Եɡ
ܲܶϱʳȫˣԼٶ໨ʳԣǲɵӸɵô
ϰ룬˵ôˣȥ߶Էͬˡ
ǣʱ粻˳٣Ƕϱȥ˵һ
̫̫˵ţӳȥˡ
⣬һȥӭӹӽӵ󣬾ֱȥã
̫̫鶼ȥ󣬾ȥϧӿӡ
Ķů˺󣬾קѾҪȥϧҰ˸棬Сzһ𣬲󰣬ӡ


908

СzҪϯĲݮ׽棬ϯĲݮҶ١
ϯÿÿЦá
ĵãǣҿģһŲݮҲջ񡣡̫̫һϧӣͿСzֶڲݮԣСڷҳ棬ȴڷʱٻ
һ´ŴϯվЦɡСʱ˭û͡㣬ǲǺæ˵ˣ
ˣûһ̫̫ͣϯԱߵ£ѹ˵ˡ
ϯšüڵĿܿ¶ĵճӰɣ
һܿ˵ճӣӵˣǾҪ׸ıˡ
ԭü̳жҵǰƽĳΪһп޵ӣԭ馵ɼ̳˴ڵڶĵλҲ൱Ρ
ϧܿǸŮȻپ̴ٺãҲʲô¡
ˣֵܼйһĸǵԺҲ̫ù
̫ˡ
ʵΪӣֻҪڳң̵Լӣպ󣬾ҷּңҲԲᱡġ
ڡΪֱǰԼļӸˡ
˵˵ȥŮ˵ı
ô̾ˣʮүͷֻһ
ҴȤңҲ֪˭ĳԵġ
ҿɲңүǰҴһ
˭ġ̫̫һ䣬˵ھǣвٸС㶼ģǲģ
ûе£ҥ
ģϯҲϡ
´ȥֲʲô£ĸŮϲԼҵķǸһծѽ

ڷԼİˣץһѻһ̲ݮðɣʵǲŸսĲݮӣ˷̫̫ܵԣԣԣժġ
ӴҵĹԶӣݮûأܳԣҲժ̫̫ӣĶ·մȾϵ
ͷ˿ϵĲݮֿ̫̫˵˰˵óԡ
ݮ˵óԣҲõˣˣܳԣŸսأѾߣȥˣģȾˡ̫̫ͳӣҪ֡
᲻ӵ˸˰ܣ㡭ԡ


909

СһЦ¶װ׵ԣ࡭
ԭͳ̫̫˵ʱСѾ͵͵һСݮȻСһ֣ȫˡ
Ƽˡ
Ƽ˵´λʲôժԲ
Ƽ̣ԡСһĽϵļݮùݸƼ
ƼЦԼԣ͸ū澳ԣū澲Ųԡ
˸ĬĬĽǼݮӽ˲ݮأٳԡ
ժˣͲܳˣҪִֺݮԺ󣬰үͲժˣȫժûˣûóԡ
ժСҡҡСԴСޱ顣
̫̫Цˣ˸ԽԽˣôСʱ򣬾ϲװģ
Һͳ̫̫Сʱ򣬾;
ү꣬ʱÿңϰ˾ͻóүСȥ
ԣͳү÷

馵ţûգﵽ˺ݣֻǻûǣڳſڣͱֱӴȥá
ͳãֳʲôϯͲö֪Ϊ·ݺϯϧӣٸһ
Ӧױ
дӦǸҲҪһ
ֱĩ깤
·ݣǱˣܿĹŮˣ馺Ϳܿ˺ܶ򣬶ûκãû취ֻ˽ܿĸŮȥ˾ǡ
ÿ˳̫ҽſ
ԼҵŮϰ˽ӵź󣬾Ͱϯﺰȥˣ˵ﰡҲ֪ܲ뵽̫ҽҪͰ߽㰢ȥһţǿ벻̫ҽƽ˰æô˵ǳҵĵŮǲŲܲʡ
ϰ˵˵ţ۾ʪˣϯþܾϰˣóӣϰȥᣬȥдŹȥҲ𼱡
˶٣ֵϴҵ˲λڣмƬȥܲܽ˽ӹ׳һЩ
˲ξͲˣ˽С˲ΣӹܲסֻҪ̫ҽͺá
ϰϯ֣̾ü
϶Ҳ֪ʲôȢޣӹǣⱲӣûеӵ


910

⻰ϯɲҽӣҲ֪ΰοĬĬվϰ˱󣬰硣
ϰ˵׼үףҺ̫үһˣܲס۳Ͷ٣ȥ׼ҹ׼ĸأӴȥɡ
˵ѾͷҲǰȥǰٺãҴү̫̫ȥѾͷļױҿܻȥﰡҪǰ̣һȥ·Ҳܰȫ
ȥŮȻҪĹȥﱸһ³ͻ̣һ㣬Ѿûˡ
ϯͳǴߵġ
ϯĬĬ˵£ϱȥүүûʲô£ǰȥҲ޷
ţ˽¸׼үһʱȥϰ˵ţͷ˵ȣҲˣeˣȥ˯ȥɡ
ϯﱻϰǲ˳
İɩϯųã̫̫ϡ
Цŵϰ˵˵ϰӺʲôƵģ˲٣Ҫȥɽĵг̶ȡˣҲ֪ϰ˵ʲô£İɩ֪ʲô
ЦһºУϯȴûЦ⡣
ϯ̫ȣϰֲ߶ɣϰȣÿˣθھͲá
߽£һֶûᡣ
ЦЦصۣİɩҪҪһ룿
ϯ￴һѾ߶ϵۣҡͷˣҸճһ⡣
´ΰɣҲİɩˣҪȥˡ
áϯס˵ϰ˸ո˯ˣ㻹ǵȻٹɡ
û£Ҿõϰ
Ťá
ƼƲƲ죬Сϯ̫̫ūô̫̫еƵģ̫̫Ҳû̫̫ɣ
ֲܳԣܴƾʲôҪ˶ϲңϲң£ֻҪ鷳Сϯ˿ûа·ϡ
ϧӣˣСء
ϯ߹ȥЦʣôô磿˵ҪȥׯϿô
󰢸ȥˣҾͻˡСݸһԵģȻйȥʲô£
үˣǰ˽¡
ͰѰ˽˵˵ˡ
üв̫ҽ̫ѣֻǰ˽Ҫɲһµ¡


911

꣬ʮꡣ
ѵ˽ʮ꣬͵⹫ţ
ʲô£
ҵĵŮ⹫˻ЦŮˣ
ˣѾӹȥʱѰ˽ͶɩȥĸţǳҵĹŮڿ
ڿܿҪŮҹӣǾ£֮ҵ˱ñʾһ̬պ˿ʵ˵ʲô壬ܲʵŮ
УǱߣһô󰢸籸һݺǴȥǻ˿顣
֮£֮˵ɡ
ǰ˽Ҫھǲ壬ǾÿܿŰ˽ھסŰɡ
ھǣҲûլӡ
ϯһȥǵ顣
ɫЩ֮ɫ˵һ֮ǰͰǳһҴ
ʱҴүţҪҪһȥǣʱôػģ
˵Ҫȥͼ˳һԲȥ
Ҫһȥ
ʲôʱ˵Ļô׸ı䣿
ӳҰĴôδ˵ϯڿˣԼһˮȡ
Ǵ󰢸ң⴬£һֱǴ󰢸ڽ棬û룬ҲǺʹ󰢸Ҵүһȥ¥Ⱦʱ𡣡
ֵһȥɸȥҸһǾ̵ӡ
ϯˣȻҲԸȥǣϯ⡣
ȥң˾ӣȻϯڶվȥˣţӶڰ³㿴󰢾˺;ĸҪҪһȥһȥҲи顣
˵ùôôǰˣЩˣкöණû׼ء
ϯ˵ҰһҴλãһȥ·ҲȫЩ
ľ͵ǾôҲһȥ
ףҾȥǵأԭǴںϯһߡ
ϯҪǰߣҲҪһ
ӶǵһγԶţû˴ţ˻õġ
˰³һӴ󰢾˺;ĸϯ
Ͼ˵㰢ﶼڣûҰˣҴЩӣ󰢾˴ȥ̲ˣ㰢ҲϲԵġۿûˣҲ֪̲ܲζ


912

ǾȥðЩڳԡϯЦŵ
ʱ̫ҪɽˣϯճĳͣȻ˵̫̫үˡ
ϯƿͼĴ˹
ϯ΢ЦôҪȥˡ
㡣ƥ˩ϣԼ
ȵƼ״æȥͳһϳ
ھʣ³ϯˡ
ϯ󰢾˻һߣǻҪɸˣ˵һ
ǾȥðЩڳԡϯЦŵ
ʱ̫ҪɽˣϯճĳͣȻ˵̫̫үˡ
ϯƿͼĴ˹
ϯ΢ЦôҪȥˡ
㡣ƥ˩ϣԼ
ȵƼ״æȥͳһϳ
ھʣ³ϯˡ
ϯ󰢾˻һߣǻҪɸˣ˵һ
ǾȥðЩڳԡϯЦŵ
ʱ̫ҪɽˣϯճĳͣȻ˵̫̫үˡ
ϯƿͼĴ˹
ϯ΢ЦôҪȥˡ
㡣ƥ˩ϣԼ
ȵƼ״æȥͳһϳ
ھʣ³ϯˡ
ϯ󰢾˻һߣǻҪɸˣ˵һ
ǾȥðЩڳԡϯЦŵ
ʱ̫ҪɽˣϯճĳͣȻ˵̫̫үˡ
ϯƿͼĴ˹
ϯ΢ЦôҪȥˡ
㡣ƥ˩ϣԼ
ȵƼ״æȥͳһϳ
ھʣ³ϯˡ
ϯ󰢾˻һߣǻҪɸˣ˵һ
ǾȥðЩڳԡϯЦŵ
ʱ̫ҪɽˣϯճĳͣȻ˵̫̫үˡ
ϯƿͼĴ˹
ϯ΢ЦôҪȥˡ
㡣ƥ˩ϣԼ


913


С۰Сţ֡
ϲӣûЩﲻĹأְѶӱЦŵգȥǣ⹫ȥ
ˣ밢ˡСļܺãһֱǵССʱиС˶
ϯЦˣţСҲأһΣС˴ȥԱ龩еĺóԵġ
ϲ𡣡Сʳ
ϯƳһ۳룬Ц
ԹӵԹ˵㰢Ϊ㣬ûгˡ
ۣ
Сӣ˵һڶӵƨ|һ¡
СʱίˣС۾Ͱ͵Ķ
һ˽ݣѾæŰСʱϵʳTˣСָϣӣҪӡ
ģʢһԡ
ǵģ̫̫
СʱֿС֡
СϯϲߣϯĲӣ˵˯£һ˯
С
ϯӦڵĵǸռԼСϱеĶӣ㶼ˣǸСӺˣ㰢˯ˡ
һСС㡣Сϯ§ĽģһСų롣
߹ȥһ־ͽСӸģط
۸ҡ
СĻ˼£ϯίĸ״
ϯ˳һۣ˵Сe
뺰ԩӣΪжΪôʱ򣬶ѧˡ
Ҳѧ̡С۰Ͱ͵Ŀϯ
ף˺ߣ㰢æûս㣬
ﲻæ춼š
ʱˣӣ㻹벻ҪһСã
ҪҪãÿġС⣬ĶϯҪÿİá
˵߰綼һССĺÿİãûаãҲҪһİá
˵ܰöǰġ
Ҳ밢һ
ҪܰãͲҪ̫ճ㰢Ȼûոܰĺƶӡ
ϯ߾߳ŭĵų룬ү˵ʲôأС㲻Ҫ䡣


914

ƺĳ뻹˵ʲôϯæİСߡ
˭֪ȵֻʣϯͳ󣬳ҲһѱϯԡȥŬôãӻûŬĻһøŬС
Ŭĺ죬ϯﶼûܳ˷š
ֱϯ쭣Ҫѳȥ鷿˯˼֣̫֡
˺ϯһֱææµµ׼ȥǵƷ
ֱĩ㱸׵
ҲϢ˵ǰ³糿ʱֱ̣ںݳȥȻ򻻳ֱﾩǡ
ڶ࣬˶࣬·;г̻࣬ԭһ¾ܵﾩǵģȴҪһ²ܵ
ﰡʮһ䣬·ߣǾھǹ꣬꿪ٻ
ʱϰ˱СϯĶ̵
ϯۿ죬˵ҲҪౣ壬eţߣ˵ˣ߶á
УÿգͰԣҶŽ궬նЩ˸࣬ʱˮȣЩ
ϯҲᡣ
󣬻ǲòһˣ̤ȥǵִ

ҴϴνĴһһ¥һ¥סǴԱвֿ⣬ڶ¥סˣһ䷿䣬ļױǼ䷿ߣסʮԺ
ϯͳˣסڳүͼϵĸڣһӵĿͷ
һС㣬бҪӣסԶһͷȴ˵ס
ϯѾǣʰÿͷѾ߾ˣ˵̫̫ҼС롣
ϯͳסһﲻϯȥ
ϯǱСȥģС˷ܵ۾ЦˣӣðĳĺÿĺӲŻÿ
Ǹòأһĺÿģͻ߲
Ҳڃȡ
˵㣬Ҫڴϴһأһ£ҸӰɣ
ϯһЦߥ޵ϲӣȳף͸ϽͰһҼҰô˫һĺӣ϶ҼҰҪɰ
Ƥ񣬲ߵĻͷ˵ţֻҪͰĶӾС


915

ͬӣֵʮָߣ˵ĳ࣬ĳõģҲ˵ġ
ǱԵģŻĶϡ
뵽һȥǺҲúͰҹҹ˼ԷӣʮֵļûҲ֪ûٳߣ
ǰʵˡϯЦ
ȥ˾Ǻ󣬳鹫̫ҽ壬ټ糿һʱ嶼ʵˣȻһβҲû
ңȥ꣬ȡš
񣬰Ѿүˡ
ڴϵһ£ϯﵹҲûģдĸ̫̫̣мϺＸŮˣһ죬Ҷƣ壬٣ӵҲķɿ졣
ڣڴ϶ȹġ
һ¥ϯһŮһҲʮֺϲ졣
Ҹһĳһֺ±ĸˣֱĴָ
ͬӣֵʮָߣ˵ĳ࣬ĳõģҲ˵ġ
ǱԵģŻĶϡ
뵽һȥǺҲúͰҹҹ˼ԷӣʮֵļûҲ֪ûٳߣ
ǰʵˡϯЦ
ȥ˾Ǻ󣬳鹫̫ҽ壬ټ糿һʱ嶼ʵˣȻһβҲû
ңȥ꣬ȡš
񣬰Ѿүˡ
ڴϵһ£ϯﵹҲûģдĸ̫̫̣мϺＸŮˣһ죬Ҷƣ壬٣ӵҲķɿ졣
ڣڴ϶ȹġ
һ¥ϯһŮһҲʮֺϲ졣
Ҹһĳһֺ±ĸˣֱĴָ
ңȥ꣬ȡš
񣬰Ѿүˡ
ڴϵһ£ϯﵹҲûģдĸ̫̫̣мϺＸŮˣһ죬Ҷƣ壬٣ӵҲķɿ졣
ڣڴ϶ȹġ
һ¥ϯһŮһҲʮֺϲ졣


916

ϯＸһ졣
óԵģôģģһѣȥѾ϶ˣʵòˣϯˣ|
ﻹھ¥ʮģʮɹһˮȥ˴ϡ
һȺǣֱ浽ҹĻ٣˴
뼸ͻˡ
˿ͷϯЦһһóԼջ
İζ黨ӣը⣬ǳӡӺը⻹Ⱥأү쳢
ϯ˷ܵİһӣݹȥ۾ĿҪܵƵˡ
뻹ûأСһſˮӣҪԣ
úúãСèջûԹء
ϯһСӣŶϣֻܳһɲٳˣȻԳˣ˯Ƕǻۡ
һۣСźĿһ۰ǰһİӣȻϵСӣССڵҧųԡ
ϯһӣʣµԸķˣǵ緹ԡ
үʮ˳˵˴ҳԡ
򹷲ӣôǼүôܲȥԡ
磬ǾǳԵĹӣϳԵİ˴Ͷ䣬ȥ˲¥˳Ĳ͵ġ
˵һȺүǣһҲڳжȹġ
ӳųŵģʵǳԲˡ
Сϱ⣬뻹ǳһ
ϯʱ˼ˣԹˣô˵ͱˣٳԾǡ
죬ӷһգҲỵ
ǳԳˣϣѶӺ˯˺󣬾ϯȥ˼װϴҹʳ
Ժ񣬾͵ǲʶ˺ˡͻȻϯߣ
ϯһ㶣ȻʱףһǸ˳¡
ϯһֱҾûôͲôϤ
ο֮䣬ųɵˣŻء
ţԹȴǷŵġ
ϯ˼ںݳǾͿˣֻϯٶۣûҲɵȥ
ǾӣǹΨһĵճӣΨһļ̳ˣݱ˵ҪߵĶ࣬ԣԹҪġ


917

ǰã˵ճӣ֮󣬹С檾ͽӶĳ£أʧ٣ǱСʮС檣ڶ̶¼䣬Ȼһࡣ
ǹӣڹ˵λŻ̲סʮ֡
һŮˣԸ̈́eŮ˹һ
ԶܳΪദ
ڹҰˣϯʵȻҵһУô֪ô
ûһҺУҵһһȻ
̼ܣʧȥұۣѾҵĶ֣ǣͷҹ˰ֿȡţƽԽԽĿˣⲻʲô¡үνȰúԶ볯ã͵ӣ˵ܳɹô
ͻȻ䣬ϯﲻԼܣ볯õķ׷ȥ
ѽĵ̫ˡ˵ıӣͰ蹶ˣԼҪǵġ
Ŭ飬ȡΪʲôǹҫ棬ٸԼǰôǲõ٣Ҫž˵Ҫãƽѵܲһɣ
ʵүòſȡžˣҲֱӽõ٣Ϊ͢£ֻǣͰǹ̵ƽģֵܶ˹ӲҪǿƾźıԹʳŬ飬ΪҲҪ֤ԼҲҪ̻ĵʹóİ˸߿һۣߵĶ˵һǷ֦ͷ˵ȸ
Ȼ£ϯﲢ֪
ϯֻǵĲ볯еĴȾУ׵İܣҲɳľĺˡ
ǲ׵˳֮еġ
ϯﰵ̾ǿˣˣֻҲֻ˵һΣԺ˵ˣҲȥˡ
š뽫Сϱ˳ãף͵£ǿԵġ
үˣҵõϢȰ׺󣬺ү㴫λⰢΪƽӡ
ֻҪϺүѳһɢ̣ģٽյȨƣһĻϣŻϲٶƽв¼ɡ
ңϺүһУͱ˶ԻûģϷĵƽˡ


918

ϺүҲڰͰıδ;ǰ̡
ȻϺүץȨƲţԼӣȨԽԽһգΪûɵһ
Թþɵ˼ңһȥ
ϯԣһһ̫ˣ۹⿴ԶͰҼֱǾ׵ܡ
Ů޲Ųǵ¡οСϱĴҹѾĺܶࡣ
ϯ˺ߣ˵⻰ǺأŮûţһ˻ϲ˵ŮûŲǵ£ɵȢϱʱһϲЩò˫ȫĲŮ
ðɣϱ˵ĶԣȻԶԡ
ɫˣǽϢɡ
Сϱ˿ͷ
ڶգִˣǷȥ
ºִͣ˾һϵĸۿڡ
ƽӣˣļױһʮƺƵǶȥ
ۿ뾩ǣҲ·̣뾩վЪϢһϣ¶ʮһգϯһ˲̤˾ǳš
Ҵ˼ױҰĻڼڻǰһ²ܼ棬˾ֱӻԼıԺ
Ҳлҹµ룬ϯͳүӣֱӻԼĸۡ
ֻӣĹ£ȥƽ
ĸ߰磬Һүȥ밲ֱʱϯԴĸ
Ȼ˸ۡϯͷԸ֣үͼϰһԺסԸϱһϯǽӷϴ
ϯһƣȴǿˣϾ΢ЦİɩҪˣȥЪϢɣأҲۣҲϤϤլӡ
ϯԣüͷͷЩȴҲԸ֣ɸѾżȥϤһЩլӡ
ϯ˷Ϣ
ϯסԺӣһûסȴҲɨĸɸɾģϯʱһζ
Ѭζ
̫̫סԺӣūմɨһ飬ջصصϴһ飬ɸɾģҲ»ģѬ㣬ūȥ¥ģζܺš
ԺĹ֣ڻˣܸˣϯĵĽ˵
ϯͳһ͸˹֣ȥɣϻ㱨ˣϢ


919

յǣͱھǵĹºȥˡ
ʱѾ硣
뷿ֻȾѾھʰңϯ߳õĲҶѬƿС
ݾĵġ
߽ȥͿСϱڴϣһֻͷ
оƣʱһɢ
Ь£СϱߣСϱ뻳Уһ˯ˡ
ϯʱûѡ
Ų֣Ҫ|ĶߵͳɳƵ˯
ϯЩƣüۣϸ˵ʱˣ˯ɡ
˯ʱ
ְСϱٴα뻳УĽģһҲģ̤ʵְ
ֱʱҹˣˡ
ӳ극ϴ󣬶ʱ
һ磬Ҫȥ밲ϯͳֻشϣ˯һֱڶһ磬ӱСˡ
Сɲˡ
ջظ˯ˣˣǣȴ˯ˣȻһֱûѣһ˳Եġ
ûԶ١
ϣ컹ûͱˡ
˭֪ﻹ˯ûѡ
ǣˡ
ˡ
һСĹĹĵģһֻһվڴϣŰ
СĿ⣬̫ǿңϯͳ
ϯۣͿĹĵĶӣ㡭ôˣôô磿
ߣﲻԣңֻܰҶˣǶǹССʾԼĲ
һ˵̫̫˼ūҪιүԣүҪ̫̫ιһ˵һ߻ִ̫̫
ϯͳæ򵥵ϴ󣬾ͷԸѾ߰緹
С֣ι
Ϊ˰С࣬ӵСԴڶε£ӡ
ϯ΢ЦĽӹĵݹС룬һһڼιӳԡ
Сˡ
꼦Ҳµ°ȣð緹
Ȼ̵ĺͰȥƽ
ʵС⹫ţûټ䣬ֻԼԼлǵһǵӰ񣬵Ǽǵõġ
ƽһںӣСֿ캰ţֵϱ᲻֡
ͬһ۰Ͱͽ˵ұɣҶδˡ


920

˵Һ񾭳Ƶġ
ϺЦİһۣϵСȴûͬǸһҲ۰ͰͿŵĳ鹫
鹫ˣӹҲǺܺãһĺЩϯһţ̣Сӳeˡ
Ͽˡ鹫ЩȻ׺ҪӸұ껹ߵĶܱӤҸӡ
꺢ӱһ꺢ӻǱĶġ
鹫ھŰ׺ܾһӡ
ͨ죬һŬġ
Ǿͺãǰ̵űӡ
鹫˵ȥС㰢ûнд֣
СЦ̣ǸÿָŹͷϵĺ챦ʯȵϲҡ۾ľ
鹫ϻһֻͽҡͬĽָм仹ǶһŴĺ챦ʯ
鹫ѽָժСϣҡˣ̫Σգָĸ
߶Գĳƺͺݳǲһ
߳ƺ⹫ţ游ĸƺ̣游ĸ
ϯͰӶˣһʱ֮ҲĲڣͻǰպݳǱߵĽзƺ
鹫ھǵˣ̵߰ĳƺҲûϯܣССͽ̵СҪĸ
ССȻû浽ҡһöָҲʮָˡ
ŽָƯĺ챦ʯãŰѽָϯգҵģĸҵġ
ĸ̫࣬С˵̫䣬ʡ֡
鹫ĽָϯҪ
æѽָ˵С£̲ù
Ȼ͸˰ģǾǰģš룬鹫ְͷϵĽҡժݸϯĸҵļױҴ˼ʮˣȥţպϱˣϱߵұȥҲɡ
ôź챦ʯǻʹټοʮ־£ǵĹ۴ʦĽ
۴ʦˣۼҵҲûһ̳е۴ʦգԣۼҵǶϾˣۼΣҲ˾档
ԣ۴ʦΣںˣǹҲҲǳ޵ĹǣﻹһЩ


921

鹫ʱĸ۴ʦרΪһױͷˣζˣڱĶһЩΣҪҵġ
̫أ̣Сأ㡭
ʲô£¡鹫װǳ޵磬ȻʱҲñһݼױ㡣
ʵ鹫ϯﲻٶҲкüΣǳ۴ʦ֣֮ʮ
鹫ȴãԼǿϯ
ͣɴǣ°ɡϺүͻȻڵ
ϯԶϸ˸ŵãҰﰢţպ󣬵ȰɼҵҸϱұһһȥ
Сֿ֣ϯ֣
ðﱧ氢ϵĺġ
ϯȴѽҡͽָȾȾȻȥС
СС˱ίﻵ
ԣЦˣֹȥ˵ô˱˲
Сȥ˻԰Ҳ̵ĸһȥˡ
Ϻүͬͳ룬ȥ鷿̸飬ȥ˴
öʱֻ³鹫ĸŮˡ
鹫ϯЦеĵͷţ˺ݳǣǱЩӣ㻹ϲںݳǵġ
ϯʱίˣ״̣һգүڱһҹţ㿴ҵһȦ
ЩãŮЩи鹫ֵ˵һλݻҵḶ֧́ջؼˣ£ҵ֪ô
˵ǳϯü
£үһ죬ʱ˵ʱʧоۡ
鹫ǰգѾͷȻһλ̵ĺӸûˣǻ֧ĴˣҲǸģ˵ȥ̵̺СӣҪдһǧŮ£ȻҪϳȥ
˵ǹ᲻뿪ڻܷء
ջϷʱġ
Ҳ˵ԷǳҵĹŮϸʣ󣬻صȥһҲŵ֪ǳҹŮһʡĵģԴӽ˻֧Ĵź󣬾ûһͣ
ҪǿѾͷ׽㣬ǻҴүС檵ϣϯͳĹϵڣֻ


922

޵ˣǻҼеھŵү˶ƺš
ǻҵϵˣǱˣŲ
Ϊ˳ͻ껾˵ĹϵҲ׽һЩļҲϵϵһ˭֪һƣڣûһ첻ͣʱ
һΣǰһС檶ĺӸûˡ
ŵһͷ˳
鹫˵ô˵ҲǰֶŮΪ˵˵飬Ҿ˹ȥ˵һòԳ档
ϯͲóЩͷȥ
ϯȻҺˣҪе˵ḷ́ù
鹫ĵһӰǷ޸飬ﰡҪҪΪһֶŮð㣬ֵҲһ仰¡
̣ǳʱһģ˵ʵҲϲҲôϲȥ꣬˺ûãԭҪȥҶүԼ˳ѰӻѾˣǱҲˣҲǳˣ£ҺͰ붼ܣҲùܣԼ·ԼѡģôߣԼҲԼеǳûϵ
鹫ԣô˵ǳҲˣǣѪԵϵΪͻû˵ģ£㻹ǻؼȥ˵һǰһ߻ȥ˵һô˵Ϊһֵˣͳĸ飬ǲֵġ
鹫ҲǵǳϾǳҵŮûһ˻뿴Ůǵġ
ǵĳҵϰˣΪŮǣϯȴŲʣŹ
Ȼ鹫ȴ֪ڳϰ˵ϯĵλյ׵ĵŮҪҪ
˵鹫ǰ׵ġ
ϯﻹǸоůůġ
Ȼʱ˵һǳѾٻˡ
ʲô㣬˵ڻңʲô˼
ѵǳʲô˲õ飬֪ģ
һյ˵ǲ˼˸㣬ǰգǻҷ˳󣬳ﲻûʡ͵ӵ˵ץסˣǰϣͱ˸ϳˡ


923

˵ﱻˣ£ͳѾûϵˣɳﻹճǳ˵Ѫһ㣬һҲı䲻˵ġ
ŮżҵֶŮôҪ϶߷߲ѣ˼˵Ȼ˼鹫֪
Ҫǳ鹫һȰϯȥܳ£϶˵
鹫ɫǽһڣʵأ
˵ϳȥҳܽܽҲǾöˣûţͶڴϿޡһʮˡ
ǼﻹмɫҲóͻҵĹϵ֮˭Ҳ֪
Щ£Ҳߵġ
鹫ʱĿڣϯˣŮ˵£㻹ǲҪȥܡ
Ӷ͵ˡ
Ůˣ˭մϣ˭ù
鹫ҲϯӰ鷳
̣ǲ˵ϯĳ£Ҳת̣ܿǶɩŮҽ֪ҵû뵽̫ҽ
£˵ˣԪ̫ҽƽʱһ䣬˵̫ҽԺ̫ҽûëһЩֻҪžͺãû¡
ϯһ˵ǾͺãҺүȥһˣѶɩȥԼĸۡסš
ܿǰĽ룬ϯ򲻿ܰѿܿĸŮȥסģֻܰѿܿȥ馵ĸס
ڵغݳǺլûڵҲ֮ء
Ͼ˵Ķԣ޵Ḷ́סңȥɲĿǳҵ
ϯ֮ԻȥӿܿΪĲǳҵô
ǣڶ죬ϯͳүһȥңӿܿʱܿһʼߣסȥϯ︮ۡסȻͲߡ
ϯסĵլӣǳģϯ˽ϯ˵Ĳҵͳûϵ
ϯóүסΪүǲμӰµġ
ǣƾʲôҪÿܿס
ܿҪƳ룬Ҫ޸Ůˣôܰôһ鷳ǽţ
ڣܿһ˫۾ʱʱƳ룬ίԹƳǷʲôƵġ
ϯ￴ţֻĿڶµĻš


924

ϯЦɩϣǻ㣬ǳҵ̬ȣԸأ̬ȣǲǿ߽˵ǳҵĵŮҲŮĸȻҲ
ϯɵͿˣŻӦܿҪء
ɲɵǿܿȥ
ϯ￴롣
Ҳ̬ȻɩԸأǲǿǾˡ
үв˿ڣ۾룬ޱˣҼܿҲû˵ǻȥֻҪסһôôһССҪҲܴӦҾҪ˵ĳˡ
ЦǸۡҼ˽ӹõģҼھǵ˽լɩסȥ
סģƾʲôҲסܿ߷ߵŭ
ϯЦſɩѵ㲻֪ΪβסȥѵҪҽǰ飬ô˵˵һ飿
ܿ¶ˣ˵Ҳûʲô
ܿɫһףָĿڵүլӿտյģһסź£סһҡ¶ȥˣϯαػץŲţοǶүӣǵĶɩһʲôϯ沣סһ𣬲Ų˵л
ϯɲţܹĵʺϰߡ
͸ղţܿһ˫۾ֱүϹء
ɲպ󴫳ʲôɩӹСӵĳų
ϯˣ߲ߣ£ү߰ɡ
ٺͿҵ˳Ƥȥ
Σÿܿסլӡ
ϯҪˣۿҪˣܿãһȥסһ˲סҪȥһס
ϯǺǣһסôѾӲˣ߽أôһסҪ治סҶɼԺȥסܸס̤ʵɣ
ܿɫ࣬ԺסԺôסԺҡ
ȥˣסԺǣլ̫СһɩӣСסôҲ㣬˰ɡ
馵լӣûСԺӣǰ馺͹õˣסڵڶ
סǰԺַסĶѾǡ
ϯӺӶȥˣôЩҲֻסڶլͶ᷿סһԺ̧ͷͷǺܲ㡣


925

ϯͳ뼸˻󣬳ү˵İ磬İɩҪӰȥɩסɣҿסǰԺüŶɩסԺ
ϯͿϣȴһԸ
ЦЦû֨
ȻϲԸ⣬ҲƼϰȥԼԸ£αȥƼء
ˣǰڳ˳ҵ̬ȾУȻ˼ӲҪңСӵģҲǿɩӻ
ǡǾˣ
㻹ȥ˼һ
ҲŲȥ
ˣȥдţ߰¡
˵ţϯԼס
ȴһ˵ĵų壬ԺҪʲôܲһ£
ʲô£˵Ҹղ˵Ҫȥɩһס£۾ͻȻһЦϣҪΪС˼Ҳ֪Ҿ㣬İԶһЩҲظɱ㡣
ɫȻҰףӶ̲סڲ㡭˵ʲôҡ
ߣֵôԣֲϹ
峰һЦת˿Ժ
ȴ˫վԭأϳ˿־֮ɫ
ϯﲻ֪֮£Żݺ󣬾§ųĲӣһڣЦ˵ǽģ飬ûǿܿؼҺܸˡ
ϱŮ˵ҪҵģпӣŻ߰˵ϱղΪβ˳ĻӰȥ
˵Ͽ񣬳ϹӣŻῴ
ϯɲϹӡ
ǣϵײǿܿ
ϳ˶࿴뼸⣬δʲôֵԣϯﻹġ
οҲΪһϣóүͳүֵ֮϶
Ҫ֪үͳүֵ飬ܺúܺãүͳүֵܸҪĶࡣ
óүү֮϶ȴóүү֮϶
̾ĵĵޣ͵ϰɣҪѿ
ֻҪϲʲô£ӣôͻᵱ֪ϵ˼Һúദ
Ͼ̫ˣôŵŮ˼еӣݳǰĽŮˣһȥ
ѵҪһĶȥ᣿


926

ϯ֮ԻĵİѼǣӼϿпĲǰ⣬ǳݡ
һˣİ⡣
һԼݵˣͻɹâ|Ŀ⡣
Ŀ⣬˴ǰĽүģʵϯȴǲǰĽǳݡ
ݺͰĽǲһġ
㡣
󣬳˵

ȥҽˣǱһ̬ܿ£Ҳǿ󣬵һҪ߽ʾġ
ⲻڶ죬ϯȥҽݣһЩСӲҩģһЩȲƷȥܿ
֮żϣȥ˴ϣһЩϣԲüһ˸߽ѡ
һ£һް
ñ߽ϣ߽ñӴ
Щ߻ƣϯﶼգͳȥƽһﱸĻ¡
ˣȥҵȼõ˼߶
ȥݼ߶ʱϯﻹżһȥϯжͼϸùϵǼΪҵϲ£صǵģͲܰѼһ˶լﲻܲʡ
ϿǵһǣһҲʶϯ£̫ʧˡ
үӴԶμӰĻ£˵ӦסƽģһгԺ֣Ӧƽ
ֻǣϯլӣүŻסϯլ
ϯȻҪΪϵĳԺ֡
Ҳǵһʶ˾Ǵ˼ҵݻٹҲʶѫҵĹˣǺݳǱҴ̫̫޷ܱȵġ
һһЦһ̧֣һü޲͸¶߹
ҲüޱĽЩ׹ݣҵķǡ
İɩ
յЯ϶ϯ࣬Ϊ˸л³Լֵĵĸϯԡ
ⲻʮ·ݣǵ䣬Ͼһ⣬Ըϯ͹
⣬żǱߵɫСԣڣڼ⣬ˮ⣬̶ʲôģóԶˡ
Ͽĵİһ⣬ϯǰ쳢˲٣үүݡ
ŴˣŴŴģζ𣬿ڸȷʵ
һ㣬˷ۺ֥ۡҲһ飬һ߳ԣһߵ
ϯЦˣѹһ֥㡣


927

һ̸֣⣬ЩְֽģСʱҾȥżסұͱöϲ壬ģȴȥģ⹫ϲĵģһ첻ԶĽ춼ȥ⹫ԣСʱûٰջ𣬾ѹ׻ҲϣûٱǼЦ
ϺϯദϤ˺󣬾ȻҲһϲ˵ģ˻ͷûû˵˵
ϯһ߳⣬һ߰š
ϻ˵˵ˣҪ£ס˵ģҪ£סθֻҪθ벻㣬Ͳ׹㡣
ף⻰ôô죿
ϯϸ룬ˣǰƸ˵⻰
ұҲ˵⻰
˵츳ʤҰ˵ĵģĶҪóԡ
һ
ϯ͵ûд㿪һҵӣ
ӣһ㶣Ȼǳֲ̫̫Ҫȥͷ¶׬ӪСˣȥʲôӣϯ㲻ǿңΪҸƵİɣ
ҿʲôϯһۣ˵ǼҳǧС㣬Ҽ޸үʱ򣬻ССҵС㣬㻹Ҫء
˵ûп㣬ţĵζܶأмĶǵطСԣҶûԹôóԵĵģȥӵĻһܲãѵ㲻׬ӣ
˵ģ
Ȼ£Ҷʲôϯһ󣬲ŵθ˵Ҳò棬ֻҪս̸ǾС
ǡһӣһ׬ӣҪ׬Ķ࣬һҲ׬֬ˮ۵СǮҲС
ϯǾҪĵģܻܲӭˡ
϶ܻӭ˳ԵĵģҶ˵óԡ˵ţֵҪ￪Ҫϯһ𿪰ɣ
һˣɩӶˣֱ
ϯҲ⣬˵Ҳ֪ĵǺһӣȥһӣڵĳȥˣġ
ھǿȥݳǿ
ھǿһԡ
¿ˣĵ˻ὥ࣬ʱһңǰ߷׬һʡ


928

ֻǣǰҪˡϯ˵
׬࣬Ҳˡ
ϲǼҵϵһС㣬ֻǼ֧С㣬ҾҲô̫ãʱ㾡ȫŸðһļױ
ԣǳ˳̫̫ҲϯһִŵĻá
ؼǣСϱִ󷽣ʱʱľͻһӸСϱã͵Сϱӻ᲻
үԼϣһʼҲͦã˽¸һǧӻֻǣƳ̫|ȣүͻװ˲İ硣
үԼģʱﻹӻ
ǣϳÿ³ʮ⣬Դ
پʱյһǧѹӣš
ܹӣͷҲǧϯĲһ㡣
뵽ӣϾ͵İɩҪӣ̫ˣòô죿
ѵҪƤʷҪ
ò˶٣ֲӣֻӣЩϺͼӡǧˣһ˳һǧ͹
á
ã࣬һǧõó
ϯ飬ƵôͷϽûӣ
ţҲǣУǲࡣɫȻЩ˼Ҳ֪Ҽ޽ʱҲûׯʲôĿ׬ӪޣһҲʮŲ٣ҪĶ̫࣬һʣ¶١
ûУҪǣɲȱ⼸ӡ
£ҵĴүүүǶĴӣߵҲ;үүԶ鲻Ȥȴĺ֡
㣬һ׬ǧӡ
һ׬ӣƵġ
ͼ㻨үǴָͷ϶©Ҳ˰ɣ
ԣһƬȻѽô˼Ҫӻֲۡû
ʮӣﹻõģտ쵽ˣһºã͵úüӣõĵǧ㶬׼ûУϯʡ
ÿ꣬ǵĶ£ʮ·֮ǰΪ׼ãһɽ꣬ǰ·ݳˣҪھǹû׼ǵģϯҲûþ׼ǴֱȥֳɵĴ


929

ж´򡣡
ͷȥѴȥ긮ļѻͦ£ܴҲһȥүģ˵һǧٶӣûôʱһΣµģҲ򣬺Ūһ꣬غݹѡ
ϯ˵ҵ̫̫ܲѣѵġ
һ뵽ͼ沣ôҲøӣûˡ
ϣϯˡ
ڶϣүûãͻȻóǧƱϣʲôˣǳңȱϱõ⼸ӡ
㡭㲻ǲϲôôӻˣ
ү˺ߣƱ࣬ҪˣӵϱӵϱòŴĻȥѣӵ
ףһպϯ˵Ļү֪ˡ
ֻǣ⻰Ҳ֪ϯﴫȥģǵʱڳѾǴȥġ
ƱƾʲôգģֲûûƤҪģϱӣ쾭塣
ֻǣ΢΢üƲƲ죬һһӣҷӡ
үˣͻȻƱûȴæƱ뻳УһĶƱƵġ
үЦˣһС֮ˡ
ߣҲû󷽵ȥүɲСƢĻô
ǰȥʱװһѲӵӣΪǸƢº͵ˣڿ۾ˣŻϹĿˡ
үģͳǧӣϣٸǧڲС˰ɡ
Ȼ䣬үŷӦԼΪжɣжԳ飬ǣ񣬸ɳ£ٷڡ
ðɣ󷽡һӸǧҪеļױ࣬ɲǴô
֪үô͸䣬ҲһΪӵ³ˡ
үȭͷѼϵƱûȻѸղŵµȥδǣô
Ǻǡ
ǧӣҲʱѵĳ嶯ڶգϾϯȥ˴ϵĳ̣һԼ׶ȹ
ϯﻹѣ˫ƤѥӣҧҧҲ۵óһǧӣүһɫϵȽֱ֣һ˫Ƥѥӡ
µͣոǺ䣬ҪëĴƤѥӣŲţݳǱ¸ߣҲ̫䣬Ŵһ˫˱޵ĲЬС
ԣүûƤѥӡ


930

ȻһѺһ˫ЬӹЩүӣ͵үٸһǧӺˡ
˵ˣûˣ´ټү䣬˵үӻء
飬ϸƱʱҲˡ
ȼ̵İЬӣ͸үʱүһϵŭʱΪС
üû뵽ǣүƺܸˣȻӹγ˲٣ȻҸǧҼǵһã⾩ǵĺü۸ǺݳǱˣĻʵǼ̫ůͣİɩȥһʵĺãճʱ
Ǵûйᡣ
㶣գգ۾оүǲǱʲôˣ
Ȼô᣿
»֮ҹүɶûôأ
֮󣬷үĿⲻһ͸ûһɫ
ÿοһģʱһĮӡ
ڣͻȻһĿĿİͰ͵ҡഩһаġ
үɫһڣŭǣҳֻϱˣ
ǣ϶ǡ
һ֪ͷװ֪ȻΪ𣬴ҪӣͲ
ðɣոǧͦ󷽡
Ҫǧ
ðɣ󷽵ˡ
ԥһ£Ǻĵ˾䣬ҲһɣҼǵãҲûкʵĺô
㡣
ү仰ͳȥˡ
Ƭ̺Ѿ߾ǧƱϡ
֮ǰ˵ĸǧǧӣǴӦҪá
ǧӣʮּ
ڶ죬ԭҪȥƽ㳤鹫ϵϯȥ˾ǴһרõѡϺõĺá
һǧٶӡȴһҲûۡ
ϯ￴żϣЦе˵޹ӣʱŮ˷ԼĽڷǰʾһΣҲкôġ
ܴٽ޸飬ܵڷìܣŮһͷʲôҪ˶ʹĴӦ
Ƥһ죬ε˵үǰﻹнҪ͵ȥˡ
ȻҵĴⲻҸ˵Щʲô˵үˣİɩôûİô
ǶУǰҲûôкüأ
Ͼû˵ʲô


931

һ֮󣬳ͼϵķ޸Ժ࣬ͼϴһʱҲɫһҪ˵ӡ
Ҳû֮ǰԹ
ϯ²⣬һǳ˼Ŀⲻǰ飬һֳݡ
ݷݷѧӣЩպĴһ㡣
ǽŮЩӢ۰㡣
֮ͼϺͺˣҲöˣϯŲٴϣüϺͳڼٺúðѷ޸ﴦ
˾¶ʮգҲҼ޹ŮǰһգϯõһԴƼѾȥױ
㣬£ǲԸģ֪ҵ˼ģ㣬ҺòãҡҲ޾үҡҲֻ롭
졭
ϯɫĺסûѻ˵ȥ
ϯޱѵ㲻ǲµСֻóĻǻͣǺεȵҫ㲻жµգޣ˭ĵӣѵΪҪȫ˼ʹҸ᣿
ϴͻ飬ҿּô
УүȻЩҲүǻ׹ݣʼҵ棬ɲܱ˲ȵġ
ˣҲ˵붼룬Ȼү֪ˣ
⻰Ҫǻ֣
ϯɫ̫ɭ䣬̫ҲʶԼĻɱ֮ŵСɷףؿ޵˵ˣҲ˵ˣҡҼޣҼ޻أԺҲˣҹԹԼޡ
ȻޣʮֲԸ⣬ҲûԵ¼ٿĵز
ڶգˡ
ʱޡ
ˣΪ᲻õ᲻ң᲻üˣʵϯ֪᲻ð
԰һ飬ƫƫףԵ
ٹ£ǰĻˡһҳϲƵϣζ˵
ϯЦЦǰа£ǰȢϱӣȥȥ
ڼһܽŵİɣ
ֺǺǵĵŵģڻǰҲȥҴӣҸ׼ĸãڼ׼ĸͷ϶Ҳ᲻õġ


932

ǰݳ뾩ǧһޣԺغݳǵĻͲˡ
꿪ҪҪغݳȥ̽⹫ţϯʵ
⹫ʹˣ˵Ĳǻһ죬һˣӦó⹫Żʣغݳȥǡ
Ȼ⹫Ű֮󣬰ûغݳǿ⹫ţڣҪΪһӵźˡ
ţȾˣ㰢ˣ꿪Ǹûȥ⹫š
ϧʹˣס۳Ͷ٣ȻŰѵӵסһʱ䣬õҲǰݳ뾩ǧһޣԺغݳǵĻͲˡ
꿪ҪҪغݳȥ̽⹫ţϯʵ
⹫ʹˣ˵Ĳǻһ죬һˣӦó⹫Żʣغݳȥǡ
Ȼ⹫Ű֮󣬰ûغݳǿ⹫ţڣҪΪһӵźˡ
ţȾˣ㰢ˣ꿪Ǹûȥ⹫š
ϧʹˣס۳Ͷ٣ȻŰѵӵסһʱ䣬õҲǰݳ뾩ǧһޣԺغݳǵĻͲˡ
꿪ҪҪغݳȥ̽⹫ţϯʵ
⹫ʹˣ˵Ĳǻһ죬һˣӦó⹫Żʣغݳȥǡ
Ȼ⹫Ű֮󣬰ûغݳǿ⹫ţڣҪΪһӵźˡ
ţȾˣ㰢ˣ꿪Ǹûȥ⹫š
ϧʹˣס۳Ͷ٣ȻŰѵӵסһʱ䣬õҲǰݳ뾩ǧһޣԺغݳǵĻͲˡ
꿪ҪҪغݳȥ̽⹫ţϯʵ
⹫ʹˣ˵Ĳǻһ죬һˣӦó⹫Żʣغݳȥǡ
Ȼ⹫Ű֮󣬰ûغݳǿ⹫ţڣҪΪһӵźˡ
ţȾˣ㰢ˣ꿪Ǹûȥ⹫š
ϧʹˣס۳Ͷ٣ȻŰѵӵסһʱ䣬õҲ


933

ϯԭǺĺңи׼ڵȼү˺󣬻ᾪʧʧȥͳ
֪λү̫ŵүԸҵ˴󿪴ţҪ˶ȥվӭӼλүĵѹ˾ӭ׻Źնһ˵
ƼˣæүҼ̫̫Ͳµ׼үصǲū澹һӭ׿ɲݸߵ͹һ˵ֵǸ֣з֪ҵС㲻ȢСˣзŲСȥ
Ȼзˣ̫̫׵ܵܣүǾԲģǣǷףܲΪ˼λүӭףͲܲ˷˰ɣ
үһʱǵͨ죬ĶȻʵĶӰҡ
׼үǼ޹ŮֲǷʲôĺˣǰүȢ޵ĴӣͷԸȥӭ׶ˣǾͿɾţԷǵġ
Ƽ̫̫䣬Ȼǻ׹ݣǹ˼ҲҵݣòŸǿ
ֵ̫̫ıү̫̫룬֪Ѿͷ˼ˣһ˺úš
ֻǣӭ׵ˣ䣬ʫܣᳪҵþ취ţҲԷһһصģܿ촳˽ȥȻɹٶԱϱ˴ãݱ˸ĸ˫׺󣬾ͱ̧ˡ
ͷβƼһֱҿֱ֣ϻΣӭ׶ȥ˴ȦӣƼֺǺǵĻƽ
ϯӭǣع̺Ǻݺݳ˳顣
˱ͲǾػˣҲүӺǵĴӺʹϱ
Ů˲ţֻҴүСˣҵļԺš
ġðɣҴүʫʶû취óһ̺һʱҪӭ׵һӣǱ˱
λүѧˣ˶飬Ƕ޹£ģ᣿
һأҵ˾ͰӭŸסˡ
Ҽץͷɧģ󣬻ǸһܼվžûһӣͰǱ˱ˡ
֮󣬵ڶأԺҪ䣬ʮԺĸүĲ޵


934

С˼ԺˣʹҲ°򣬾ͳ˼򵥵Ҫһһ
Ƽ˷ܵ˵үϴϲȻðүǰүģүˤһ£ү̫̫ˡ
үɤӣɲȲ¥Ĳء
ϯˣúȤ˵ɻӭףŴأľһ֡
ƼٺһЦ˵ﱻųʱ̫̫һ١
ϯ˵޼޿޼ޣҪðأ޵ԽͱʾԽܳ衣
ʱҲûٿޡ
ƼֹȥһʱſڲŴűڣĵ
Ƽ̫̫ӽӻˣߣǿȥſڣȢϱʲôǺݳǲһ
뺼ݳǧԶȻЩһ»һġ
Σ߽ţż裬á
һġ
ֻǣֶȺݳǱֵ
ϯǵãʱѹûֶǲ֣֮ǵã·ϲ߶һͨ˵˺öûȻ˳͵ĺͶȥˡ
֮һһֱڴš
ߣϲǰһȥһȺСǣȫ·Ȼֶ
ô֣
ͼλүֵףرǰøճ׵ľүƺʱˣȻҪѵʱԵĿӰӵһ㡣
ⲻүŰҧһƻȻȥԣһһڵҧųԣóꡣ
Ͱףιԡ
ײŶ
ҧһ룬ʣһ룬һ㣬ҪȥԣͱĴ
ֻаˣǾ淨Ȥӷڵӡ
ֻǣһӵ˶ţӵƤٺҲ˼||
ϣүðιԡ
˵̵ı붴|Ǿ͵ùԹǵģȻǾֵȥ
ֵֶһϲ죬һ飬ֵĶףﶼ
ˣЦˡ
Ҫǣӵϲͼܡ


935

ԣٲ⣬Ҳòߴĵһ¡
ĬСҲһΰϷˡ
ϯһԿʮңԳС˵ǳ磬Ȼҷǵ÷쭲ɡ
㿴ûз쭣ߵ
ϯ￴ȥֻһͨ콿ߣȴûüۼ仹һ˿˷ܣƺܿģܼܸˡ
߰ɣҲˣȥϲȥٲȥϲƣ˶ˡ
ϯͳĳϲ˭Ҳûע⣬ϯȥ˸һ͹
Ƽ˶ϲ֣ҲûעӶˣû
Ըӹȥǡ
֣һϲſڵӣԸȥˡ
ȶ˵ϯϣϾͼ͵ϯôˣ𣿡
ֶ˵£ǲȥ֣Ҳ˼ȥ֣ͬϾͶڴãдǡ
ϯЦˣ죬һ֣һ߰ϲ˵ˡ
϶ʱ۾ˣôţҲ֪ܲܵˣһ˿ô죿
ִ֪磬ҲûôСۣġ˵ˡ
ۿû
ûûεģϲһ֣ɲС
ʵ·Ҳзִģֳ£Ҳ̫Ϊˣͼϲ죬һȤѡ
ϯûãүͺһȺǳϲϲƱյĿʼϲơ
ֻǣ˲ͬЩͬƵģˣδȶپƣٴλصϲʱܵϴȻŽ|ޣҹ
ϯϲƣͺͳ룬үһ˳
ҪףһҵḶ́ںסֻǣƽʱȻļ˹
ºһЦĿɨһϯ󣬾Ϳ룬˵ү
ţϲƵģ治ɣҪȥ벻ϲ񣬸ϲϯ
СĽϯקԼ󣬵ס˹ٿϯߣǾͲ㹬ˡ
棬ϯûɢ󲿷˶ˣֻһȺǻƱյĹƣֵģȺǲϤû㣬ֻа㡣
ȹٿڣǣϯ֣


936

Ͽӣֿ񣬵ͳ˺ʱͺʳ˭
ĿÿȺݳǵһӳ볤ĻҪÿ֡
ߵĸˣ׼ƿȥſɫʱˣһץȥ֣Լϣŭϣǵз֮㾹Ȼ濴eˣСѧŮŮأ
ͣûe˼ʲôϰһۣתֵɴ۾˵㲻ڳԴװɣ
һĴףΣǲ㶪ҵʱ˦֣ȴıˡ
Ƴüۣܿ˸˼£װȥüϵĵĳԣ֡
˺ߣġ
ǰϵϯӣ˿֪Ϸ飬ʱ˿̣ϯͳҲ۹顣
ϯƵԹҺ֮ĶԹӦûҺϲƲǣү˵ǲڴʲô⣿
񣬹ھǵĵλѴǰȴԽԽߣ͹֮䣬ԶԶһξ롣
û´ĻҪҵͷ
ͷҲͲ˹Һ֮ĶԹޣͰҲô׵빬һɸΪ񲯡
һԬҡϯ
꣬ԬϷ˽ɱ̷ָˣ蹲Ų°ߡ
ֻǣһγ̷ԬϱץԬ±ۣѸٵǱҲû¶ʲôϿӣֿ񣬵ͳ˺ʱͺʳ˭
ĿÿȺݳǵһӳ볤ĻҪÿ֡
ߵĸˣ׼ƿȥſɫʱˣһץȥ֣Լϣŭϣǵз֮㾹Ȼ濴eˣСѧŮŮأ
ͣûe˼ʲôϰһۣתֵɴ۾˵㲻ڳԴװɣ
һĴףΣǲ㶪ҵʱ˦֣ȴıˡ
Ƴüۣܿ˸˼£װȥüϵĵĳԣ֡
˺ߣġ
ǰϵϯӣ˿֪Ϸ飬ʱ˿̣ϯͳҲ۹顣
ϯƵԹҺ֮ĶԹӦûҺϲƲǣү˵ǲڴʲô⣿
񣬹ھǵĵλѴǰȴԽԽߣ͹֮䣬ԶԶһξ롣
û´ĻҪҵͷ
ͷҲͲ˹Һ֮ĶԹޣͰҲô׵빬һɸΪ񲯡
һԬҡϯ
꣬ԬϷ˽ɱ̷ָˣ蹲Ų°ߡ
ֻǣһγ̷ԬϱץԬ±ۣѸٵǱҲû¶ʲô


937

ȵ鹫Ϻүʱ͸С
Сּġ
Ϻү⣬ϴӦˡ
ϺүҵȨƣһȫ˻ϣֻͬʮ
ͬһӵС⣬û٣֪ʲôζҲ֪ȥʲô٣ȥġ
ͬͲթıƵЩֶΣǻᣬҲᱻϯֺͬͳ۸ĶҪԲ
ϺүҲǿҺʵӣҰͬͷᣬ뻢֮ȥͰ蹻Сƽڷͷ˼֮ϣǣϺүŻ۽նȨƣƽǱ
ϺүһǶһ˳ɴ󳼷׷׳֣ҪϺү׳Ȩ
ֻǣλãѷᣬôһ⣬ᱻ˵ȥ
ûãҲǰϾͽϺүλãȫĸ
Ժ󣬻ŵȨ˼֡
Ϊ˱ϺүĿȨԪں󣬻ϾȻ˰һ
ѧʷ¼һ
ƽүоλԣϲδ٣ѫ󹫺ҳĺүӣҲòŷ٣һ㶼ֱΪϰ¡
ԽǱصļ壬쵽Ĳ¾ͻԽ࣬ȨҲյԽ
вˣ
쵽µĵڶգϯӴŶӾȥƽϿе֪ºϯʮ־ǰô죿
ϽĲ£һҪúð죬ǣʷ¼һʮֻҺʱûʱȥˡ
ϵ˵飬μӿƿΪڳ͢ıһְٰڰӣ㲻ƿҲ°죬ҵӵܺͨĶ˲һ
ʵϼ˾Ƕüˣ֪£ֻǰҪԼŬȡһ˳ڳ͢ıһְٰ
˶٣ֵϺү˵ϸ£ڰﰢҪķϰĲܡ
ϯʱ뵽ˣʷ¼飬ǾҪȥѧͻʹĲЩ飬Щѧѧǿġ
ڿԹĿҰһĿӡǰ鼮꣬ǰԴ񲻾һ⣿
Ϻү˵ڰﰢء


938

Цŵãһϣһׯͷһ㣬˵ƱģǻģԸ˳籸һ磬ذ˲£һڣпڸˡ
˵ţǣСϲϲȥԺòã
ãҰԡСһЦ¶һССݡ
ϯԣͷԸ񣬡ȥԸһɣһӡ
Ĵ̶࣬ƫƫСʮְԣÿʱϯﶼԸһЩר޳̵ζȡ
ȥ
ĺȾСȥƼһܳȥˣϺϯĸӶ˵һЩ强
ﰡû򿴿СˣӻûŮٸһŮء
ϯһУһͷ۵ͷ˵£Ӧ˳Ȼôֲû˰ʲôѽ
үҲ
Ϊٻϵڶ̥үһϣͰڣӣʱ۵糿Ҫ˯ѡ
ڣһᵽУͻۡ
ϰѵСһôһӳµΪСܰòУӶ˲֣٣ֻźӹǲȻһҪܰá
ûʲô취
һΪܸܰãүûʹﲻӣô죿
ϯƲƲ죬˵ңĶжô
ˣʣʱҲжˡ
ûҲҪϾ£кöŮ˳׺һܻϡ
̫ҽÿ¹ƽʱ˰Һ;ﺰȥҲ˳ͷ£û̫ҽ˵Щֻ̫̣Ҫ߰ղȷ
ѽ˫ϲŰ
ϯﾪϲ
գ쵽£Ҳϲˣɲ˫ϲô
ϵһۣѵʲôС
վͶˣ˵֮ڣû̥˵ȥ죬װѺܡ
ɫһ壬ϯҲ˵ȥ


939

ϯЦ˵˵ҪһЩƷԡ
ټһȱ˾ĲƷԣչ֪ܻк󣬾͸˵İѹĳԵĲƷһԡ
ܴϹƷԣ˵ʲôҲҪϹɫһ壬Ͳòûȥ
ⷿ˲ٲƷһ˶ҪԲꡣ
ϵƷˣ㻹ǶֶֶŮСѰɡ
ﲻó߻ӵѣƽҪһ˵ļ£ҲûٿеʱģֲģȥǳϯھǣŮЩѡ
ϯͷӦãһһЩССѣҲһЩֻҪﲻͺá
ﲻˣһЩ
ϯʱԹĵƫľһҪ̥أСҪܴġ
̥ǣﲻ˴ýģ͵öãˣҵȥ籸ôˣȥ㹫;˵ɡ
ϰϯȥϹǶ
ڳ鹫Ժ鹫ء
鹫ˣ۾ˣһ֣;ǰһƬɣǣѾ߶
ǲͷµģ鹫ޣʵˣۣӣһһֵĶ鹫
ϯ˽ŲȥʱδŶˡ
ֱһҳҪҳʱ۽鵽ϯɿķ飬ҪĵϯǰȥŵϯæeĄeģСĺӡ
㡭֪ˣʶķ˽Ųϴ˿˿߾
ϯոհҵģû£ҪСģٱıˡ
ֲĵţ·ϻҪдʹӲţѾû
һչҡ˵ţһһֿȥ֣Ű̴ӹġ
鹫һ̺и֣һ͸ϯһ͸
ңֻ书Ըġ
ԣֻҪߣҲú»ˤ
ϯ֪ˣûΪһֱﳤ鹫ҵˣٻ


940

ϯһھסһ࣬Ҳû֡
⻹ǵһμ
ǰϯһ񣬡ụ̄ū밲
ϯ֣ԽַԺٷ˽չˣҪúտٷ˴Сͺöɲұ
ÿμڱıģϯ浣ĲëʱѶֶֶŮûˡ
ҡٱıҾͰĶҲȥ鹫İ
ŵվֱ֤ҲˣҲˣұ֤һһСһСߣֱѺ
ţҾ֪Ǹϱ
鹫ЦǺǵĿһ䡣
ãԼƱ̹ŻˣǱ֤ܲջ
ȻˣҪ˵ʳԡ鹫ƿ뷨㣬￪ڣûס졣
͵Ŷһ֪ˣһסġ
ˣһŮֿټϯŮͷͷ
һ磬ղ㣬㣬ըС㣬ͷӣ㣬飬罷ͷȣһʮ˵ˡ
ÿһȣɫȫŵﶼģϯ￴Ĳˮһ
ԭΪһӵ˭֪ȴһӵζϯɫޱ䣬죬˳ȥ
һ洫ŻŻŻŻ
ϯһھסһ࣬Ҳû֡
⻹ǵһμ
ǰϯһ񣬡ụ̄ū밲
ϯ֣ԽַԺٷ˽չˣҪúտٷ˴Сͺöɲұ
ÿμڱıģϯ浣ĲëʱѶֶֶŮûˡ
ҡٱıҾͰĶҲȥ鹫İ
ŵվֱ֤ҲˣҲˣұ֤һһСһСߣֱѺ
ţҾ֪Ǹϱ
鹫ЦǺǵĿһ䡣
ãԼƱ̹ŻˣǱ֤ܲջ


941

ϯͳ룬ͻȻԱܹһˣֱϯȥ
ɫ䣬̧žͳ˹ȥ
ֻöԷҽһȥ˺ü⣬ȵϯͳ˶Է˫˫ɫڡ
ʲô
뵲ϯǰŭų
˿̵ĳһǱϴһɫϵϯҳﶼᴩɫƾɵĶ̹ްͷϵϲһֻǮһľӣһ˫ƶĵЬ
죬Ǿʱ򣬳ȴʮֵƾɲ˼ʮΪ࣬ɪɪ
ǰҲǰǸˣ°̧ߣһ߸ϵǧС㣬ҲԼǳҵС㣬ͻΪ۸˵ĳ
ʱ˿̵һ۸ĶҪȥĿˡ
ϯ𾪵ĵɴ۾ųһȻ쵽ӣȴϵؤҪǱ
أİ壬ȾҰɣ֪ˣءҺˣİ壬㣬һɣҲҡءһ·ɣİ壬ңҾҪˣء
ڱĵϣ޵˺ѷΣֿ
ȴΪѾҳ壬ӳȥһ̣ͲҳҵˣƾʲôҪ㣿
İ壬Ҵˣ֪ˣһȥҿͷϴİ壬ͻȥɣ㰢ҪȥҰҲˣһԹԵ̵İţİ壬ҡұ壬ǳҵѪһճ㲻ܲҰء
һûȣһУ˵ȻԸߵСӣȥׯϴţһкúüҿ
˼ǲٸﳶȥҲټӲóϯլסš
ֻǣ·ǰµСѩûţҪͻغݳǣöѮС
Ըˣϯ˳
ȥȥׯסɳȥ֮ǰһ۾棬۶ӡ
ھǣΨһľǣǳһĲٹʱ·һ
ﱻСȥׯϣϯ˷󣬳ȥ¡


942

ڶϣϯճ극СӾˣһֽţݸ룬ǶӽһУүĿ
ȳ뿴ʮųɫġ
뿴һţ͵ݸϯ￴ȳ뿴꣬ϯûƬҲˣϯⲻǱ˾ˣ˻ѽѹֻҶϲˡ
ϯЩֻ˿ûͬ顣
ܡڵ
ԭﱻһʮ̻үؼҺ󣬵ϣֱ˯Ϊʮ߷С檡
ǲԸģŶʮͷҪίһҪϵˣίŭġ
ǣģΣûطȥ治ȥίˣˣ˵ᱻץȥˡ
ڲֲò£ʮС檵ġ
֮󣬻ζίʵһӣҪʲô͸ʲô뿪⣬һҪ˶Ӧ
ģ˵ʽǮT֮£ˡ
ֻǣһֱвС檣ǳ͢ܣĸֳС㣬߹ٱ˵̻޵ĳҪ߹Ķࡣ
ãĳһ˵С檣ίˡ
ǣͲˣʼı˵޵λá
һʼȷʵҪ˵ĵ޵ģǣȥ£ټ˻عĵճӺ󣬳˲䱻˼ҵĶӸ°ˡ
˺üŮ󣬲˵ճӵģԣճӵ󣬲Ŷʮ꣬ͳ£
ҪǣճȢӣȻڳ֮ǰѲһʬճҲһܲʧȥ޶ʹ࣬ѡɢġ
һߣǴꡣ
ۿҪˣõﵣģճӲֻˡ
һͰѳģ°ȥ
֮󣬳Ѿ˼ƻճ֮ÿμˣǧټƵĹԷ
ȶαװĺãö֮Ҳ˸ˣȻҲ˵ĵ֪ˡ
ΪүС檣ȻүҹĶӣ̫̫ŭ֪
˰ѳһ٣Ȼؽ˲񷿡
˲·ĶƱͨ˿ӣ͵͵˳


943

֮ǰ;ɥ֮ȮҸϳʹ֮࣬ҲѧˣǧټƵĴƱƱȫ·ͷ
ÿһ·ڿһӣװƱһأϵƱͰ˳
ӳ󣬳ﲢδѡ뿪ǣȥͶ˭ͨһؤ͵͵ȥӵķڣ˵Ӹ˯ˡ
һ£˵ĸϣɳˡ
ʱոչ꣬죬ץ§ͬ˯ӵĴϣһͰѵ̫̫ˡ
úõĵĸգۼ䣬
֮󣬾ҵʣؤѳ﹩˳
³֪
˸ץˣдһӡ֮ϣ
գòײӳġ
үȻǶԼеĻǼ˵ĳ𣬻˰ɣͲҪȥ˼鷳ˡϯЩͬǼˡ
үǺĺ⣬˳һؼȻԷҲǻһЩɫ֮ģ˼ҲȷʵԳãǳһӡ
֣ģȻ빳˼ҵĶӡ
˼һ٣ڲ˵ġ
һʱҪȥط}ôȱôͰȥѣúǧζ
ȻŮ˲ҲûôǼɵһٵİ
ү£ȲҪϯ
˼Ѿﺦıؤ˯ˣˣһӱˣٱү˼Ҳ̫ˡ
Щ£Ůˣֻ»Żʹɡ
һŮҪ׺ɷͶӣﺦûˣſɲͱ˻ʹô
ŮҲࡣ
ﺦ˲ǳ
ǣߵ
ȥߣǾȥɫܲ£Ҫȥϰѹ
ţ֪ҪѶֱȥүǶ¡Ǿ˶үô
ģҲټˡ
仰ͳˡ
ûգϯ͵õϢˡ
ģȻ˭Ҳʶˣˣָ̺ˣ򡭡ֻǣһǧС㣬ûûأͻᱻӰס


944

ôĻ£벢δȵѮߣڼҲĩϵѩ˪ڻ˰ȥ˴
ڳȥ˴󣬻ᷢʲô£Ͳˡ
ҳҲûǰдŸ߳馣ǹųŵ˴󣬲д˷ţ÷ɸ봫˳馡
ȳ馽ӵŵգҲǡõļſڡ
ȳ馼ֵʱˡ
馸æ˰ѳסȻؽһõСͷʹտš
ӴԺ󣬳ͱ
֮ҲϯõϢﲡš
ȻⶼǺ󻰡
ϯﻳУû̥۳Ͷ٣ӾͽغݳǵӶ·ݡ
Ϻϯϻ￪ĵӣڵ棬ζأǰһܶ죬ʮֺ
̶̼£Ͼ׬ӡ
ڳԵͷϾŻغݳȥһңϯ󣬾ʹͳүѮȻȥϯӣֳգ˺ϻȥݳǿҵӡ
ⲻѮѩոڻãϾȲųү˺ݳǡ
ϯڼ̥ĶҲûȥ
·ݣϯӵݳķɸ봫ţ˵Ǽϻˣڴϻϵģصݣµ
Ҳˣӵ¾Ӻˡ
ԭϻµȥ޿ӵ£үݺһ٣ŵò뿪ӵˡ
үˣɫǺһЩ˵Ҫӻ˵Ҹ㣬ǼҲȱ׬Ǽӡ
죬˵Ҳȱȱ
һ뵽⼸£үӣȥľǣʱװʮӣȫǳүεƷ
үΪڼ̥ŵÿ¸ӵ㻨ǮɰѼϸˣӵ£ȻͲˡ
ÿӵ㻨ɱӵõĶˡ
ɵˣŻȥӣүˣ㻨Ǯ۳˰
ϯҪ̻غݳ֮ǰգŽӵϵţҲŵ֪ӵӺˡ
˵Ҫ꺢ӣӺڿӡ
ϯЦˣԳ˵ӵǰԵ⿪ӵ£õżȥޣɸȾܰɵġ


945

̫̫̫̫ˣ˵ҪүȥһˣʲôҪүȥݵġ
գϯԺɢʳƼҴ
ϯü壬үȥˣ
ûУү鷿˸¹ȥ̫̫ˣүȥɸС¹ȥ
ϯԣͼɢĲԸƼȥ֪ͨ౸һЩ·ϳԡ
Ƽү˵ˣҪһߣ˴ϣҲи̺̫̫
ˣµ˷ʳô죿
ū̫̫ҪʹҲĲôóԣôҲǵġƼǰϯ
ϯĶӣŸոԻһЩȹѹͿˣϯ·ʱСġ
Ƽ˵ůĲˣȫժˣȫߣгļֻĸү˵ҲһߣûϴֻҪװţܵɣү˵ĸµϴȥһ£̫̫Ҳʼԡ
λȥǲǶĴƱԺҲǴṩΪչ̫̫ү˲ʹϹůֵӶ߲ˣһϴ
ү̫̫Դϵʳ
̫̫ˣкܶʳﶼиԣүǵ̫̫ڴһԵиԵʳ̥ɾͲˡ
Ϊˣү׼һһЩ̥ҩһ̣һڴϣ̫̫̥дڣб̥ҩҲӦ
ؼҵ£ӺСϱԵģȵģõģ붼ŵ׵ܵòϯȥԽϯҲȥܡ
³½Ϳʼ˯˯˯ϻ˯ĸһֻ㣬ϴҲѡ
ֻг극ϯŻûû֮ǰϽ߶߶ڶ˯˯ĶˣʱӾ͸
ûã˵˵Ϻͬˡ
ϯͱƼţȥ˶ӭӶϡ
ϣûȿأϾ𱸵ɵѾͷôˣֲˣõӣҪСӣ˫ӣ۲á
û£ʱ򣬶߶߶źá
ϯǰŰֱۣ϶΢Цôˣӻôû
һЩϵĺӣֻͷ£û£ǹ֮󣬲¡


946

µĵҲһֱţΪͷ⣬¶˻ȥֻһԽԽ
üһ˿̾һԵľ£ô׳ҲԲ£մһĻʳأ࣬Ҳ֪ºʱȥ
̫ҽҲû취
ûУа취ˣ㹫ҲһЩ취ʹùˣûá
˵ֹ£ֻڣû졣
÷Ҳֹ£˲٣ʱоͦãһԻʳͲУ㹫̺ƤȥӹѪﲹӣȻ͹أôܵס
ĸŮһ˵һ߽ݡ
ºѾǵ˲ˮϵģϯ飬°Ҫƿѧôˣ
ᵽ£ͬһֱΪϱĵı飬һЩЦݣ̫㰢ܵĲѧãټ㰢Խ̵ͷİɡ
ͬ⹫ȵ۵̫ѧԨʳܵУΪȵ̫ĶӣϺү׵ĵӣȻʵ̫
Ȼȵ۵ĶӣȻȥ˺ϺүĻϷʹˣϺүڷֻϵǻ֮󣬾ͽˡ
һΣǴӻʳȨģ˳
ϺүѧʣҲʳУһĺá
ϺүԽ̵ټѧʦ̵ѧʱ㻹ҪɵĿ졣
ر⼸£˲󣬿˺ܶǰֻ䱾鼮ѧʸǲϳ
㰢Ԥһ£˵ǿǰʮӦû⡣ͬЦǺǵĵ
ϯһ˵㲻ǰʮֻҪϣЩŬҲͲ׷ˡ
Ͻӿֵˣⵣİ;㣬һҪغˣôĶʰû
ʰ׵ˣүŵġ˵ţϯķˣ죬һǷ
ϿţģһǸѾͷ˯
ϯЦһǸСӣǸвסģԺһƤ
ţСӣԪ̫ҽѳġᵽϱĴӣ⣬㹫̺Ͱɸˣ˵Ҫˡ
ǸСӰ죬⡣ϯҲΪеˡ


947

Ϻͬʱϯ˰ԼԵĲȲƷʰʰöϴȥˡ
һЩڴϳԣЩǶģǶߡﺢʮСѣãöˡ
գϯȥƽ鹫Ϻү˸תպӾ˺ݳǡ
ﺼݳǵһգվڴͷļװϣԶԶģϯͿ˳һվڸۿڱϣ֡
ֵǸˣϲϰߵѾߣվߵģϰ˺ͳ̫̫С
ϯһ´̫̫ϲϰˣ
ϯżӿŲӭȥȴ§ţˣ
ﰡǿǻˣһ·ôĺӻ԰ɣϰߵǰһϯ֣ǵĹ
ϯ΢ЦãӺܹԣûҡ
һ·˯ġ
Ǵҡڵ˴͸˯ˣһʮʱҪ˯˸ʱʱ˯Ժģڼװߡ
Եúã˯úã޷£ڴһ£ʮһȦҲ˲٣һǿƤƵġ
ǾͺáϰЦģֿ˺汻ĺǣŵСɿϯ֣ȥһѱסӣ̵Сӣð̿Ӵ˲٣ԽԽģӣһģӡƵġ
ǵð̰ɣϰ˰Ͱ͵ĿŴӡ
СãǵãЦи񣬡̺ãһֱǵðء
ǺǺǣӣӣߣǻظһµĴϱʹӿ϶ˣȥǺúЪϢЪϢ
ϰ˵ţŴӣһԵȥ
صϯϺͳó歼С㣬վڴſӭǡ
ϵ·СûԻھʱ˲٣ϯ֪϶û£ܳ˯Żá
İɩôˣǲôϯ˼и»ҪĶӣ𾪵۾ɵĴģǻɣ
ûУһҪܲ˵
ڴϣÿͻôһɴû˵ӡ
һȷ
ţڴϳԵĶ࣬һ¶ӲŻ


948

ٳԣȻӴˣɲ
ϸϯߣһڵϯ
ϯҲ֪Ƕһٷٳһڣò˶ãͻץӷεܡ
ҲʳҲ֪̫󣬵ʱʱѲƲˡ
˵ĸоʵڲܡ
ǴһЩﰡƽʱԵĺܶ𣿡ϰǣСĿȴĵĶϯͦĸ߸ߵĶӡ
ϯﲻ˼һ٣ÿٶҪ뷹ȷʵЩҡҾһٳ١
ٶҲţȻӳԵ̫ˣʱ򲻺Ļ
ϰ˵ͷǾһĶ٣һԸҲԼҲЩ
ϰ˵ϯԵĺ̫󣬵ʱ򲻺Ѳ
ӣµĲѲôǿҪһʬ£ɲˡ
ԼƽĶӣﰵպҲܶԣ⻹ͷһ̥أ˵ͷһ̥ĺӲ̫ܳ󣬻
˴ãϯ͹Ƿ۾źɫʪģһĽӡ
ԭ˵˵ϰˣ龰۵ĲУæԸļϯϧϢȥ
ССһ
ϯˣСֿЦǲǰ÷ˣȥ㰢˯һȥ¸
Сѧˣʶ֣ڴϣʱϲ¸
ֻǣ֪ǣµǴһð˺󣬻ԽԽ
ˣ߸㰢ϯ˵ţֽǷ
ȾƼ۾æһһߣϧӡ
һϯ˯ʱʱɫˣһֱڴߵȾʲôʱˣ
̫̫ˣʱˡȾ̺ϯﴩЬ|СĲױ̨ǰ
ϴúѾʱС
Ⱦ̫̫ǲǶˣ˷䣬ūȥ˶˽
e̫࣬һ뷹һ˾͹ˡϯһٿʼҪٳԶ
һ뷹һôԣ
ȾȰ̫̫緹ʹˣϻ԰ɣҪٳԣҲҪôտʼѽ
Ȼ϶ҪԷȥĻ̫̫


949

ȥɣ˵ã౸һЩˮҺȾͳɡһˣͺˮٳԷʳ
Ⱦֻȥ䣬ѷ˶˽
һˣһ뷹ϯţ˽һ۾Ϳϼ򵥵ķˣüͷ壬Ⱦ̫̫ķ˾ͱЩ
үǵġ
ˣѵȾҲԶˡϯ꣬˸ӣ˵㿴һ̥ȻĶҪˣҲٸ֮ǰһ޽ƵĳԺȡ
ҲܳԵ̫򵥡붢һ㹽ײˣüͷĶܼȥҲóЩ⣬ǹŮôɡ
ôˣϯɫһڣཱུĵҪŮԼԣ
ʱ֨ˡ
ڵСϱƢ̫ǲ
ϣЦһᣬСϱϱʣ뷹û꣬ԣˣҸŮʫӼ
ˡ
뷹¶ǣҲֻϯоܣǶᶨƳȥԼ
Ⱦҳȥߡ
ϯȥ֣ȴģԸѾߵʰ̫̫ȥߡ
ϯﱻǣţԺڲݮܱɢ
ҪʳҲܶԼ͹Ůĸ£Ůܳܲĸÿپͳ԰뷹ɣ
²ż
ҪˣҲ۵ģǹŮҲסôڣ㲻ԷŮô⣿ڿһ˳Է˳ء
֪ʱŲĳ룬ȻҲһ档
ϯЦеţһůһͿ
ãģżүҿһʳװɣҳʲôʲôԶ٣ȶ٣պİš
óΪ˺и壬ʱ򣬾дŻһʳȥǡ
£ǰʳ׳Ժȵģ̫ҽʳףҲ޲ڡ
ʱ֮Իô˳Ҳһݹ͡
һ˿գ㲻ᣬҶ򣬺ãһ磬Ҿ
һ磬ϯˣ׵󣬾Ƽ˲ȥãϰ밲
ôˣóȥϧӸ㣬ó趨ʡô㶼ΪҪ


950

ϰ˼ˣ߶߶𱸵Ըϲһ̫ʦθϯ
ϯº󣬲ŵôҲҪ밲վͲˡ
ϱ밲쾭壬Ϊϧѳŷ
Ƕ¡ϰЦ˵ȴůǺǵģ˯ôӻɣ
һֱء̫˯̫ܳԡ
ܳ˯ģҲѹӻıһиҪࡣ
ǾͺãҷԸֻС룬ϱԣѪģҪЩҿɫЩ԰ףû£ϰȥϯ֣оȺģĵҲЩ
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ʵǶ˯ţѳζǵܡ
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ռϯʱûܸϯú˵˵ϯͻϧ˯ȥˣĳ߱һӵĻϯ˵ȴһҲû˵ڡ
ڣּˣ˷ܵķܰļϰ˺ͳ̫̫ϯһ󣬾pϯȥˡ
İΪղ밲أ֪ҾʣǲǺۣô󣬳ڶ᲻㣿ҰﻳСܵʱС춼ҪҰＸΡ
һǧΪʲô
һֱʸͣ
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ȳ߲ˣϯŽӹϸģһһش⡣
ֹȥİܲһ£
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951

߲ǵһиĶӣ֮ǰﻳСʱҲᾭĶӣĶƤСġ
ϲϯҲϲϯĺӣ֣ϯĶϣоĺһţڸкʱ߼˶ˣİˡ
ţҲоˡϯЦһᡣ
ϰ˼״ĵҲһ¡
̣һÿ֣ϰ˵֣ոλá
ϯĺӣǸо֣˷ܵ첲ȣϰ˵֣᲻Ųˡ
ǳ̫̫Цẉ̂óԷˣٲԣ緹ˡ
ϰһһڶϱŮԷ
ϯԱߣڵİϲԵĲˣϰҲԸһѣ˸ϯԡ
ϯҺһ࣬˼ˮѾԱˣˣѻ˼ҳ԰ɡ
ӹӲʣҪóԵģô²ˣҵĻͲˣϰһ壬һŵļ
ϯϽʳļƻʱƻˡ
Ѻϯͱ߲ȥ˻԰ɢʳʵǳ߱һӵĻҪϯ˵
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үǳӵܣԺᣬرϲ껨¥ǻ¥ĳ͡
Ϊһλ֡
Ϊ£үֳ֪Ц
Ҳˣүͺ󣬻ʵϱݳ΢еĴ˼ңԸ⽫Ů޸
ϰ˾ϰ˼ʮĽ飬óҼ޸Ůϱ
ǳϰϲŮĸαý߼޸үӵܡ
ϰ˾Ҳû룬ܾ˽߼޽ȥȴҲϰ˵Ը⽫歼޸ү
˭֪ϰһ歲ǳҵһŮʱӦ𱸳ϰ̫Ʋ׵ӣȻ뽫һܳŮϱ


952

ϰ˾ǿ³ߡ
Ϊ£ϰ˻븵ϰһƢ
ϰ˵ʱˣ˵ϾûǿǿȢĵǸ̫үǸϰ˵ȥ
أҺͳҵĹϵôϯ⣬ʵ
˵̫үţΪү˳歡
歵׵ôҲƷٶԵǻʼʳһļĸݣʵң㹻´ࡣ
οүôһӡ
һʲôģ
ߵİƷٶǸǱߵ֪ˣҳү̤̤ʵʵ棬ΪΪ͢˲ٺ£Ҫǳڣүһˡ
Ϊ֪˵ĵŮ͸үǵˣϡ
أϰûа㶨£ϯЦе
һ죬ˣǡǸұ磬˾˼ҵģҰ˵ġ
ϯʱΪ߸еˡ
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ܽΪ˱߽µĳ𣬾ȻߥӡϽ߶һǵӵܣ˳һӣóһӹҲҡ
үᣬӡϱݣܽҲʧȥҵҲ˼кߡ
Ҳûǰѳܽ£Ҳûкͳܽ²ݵĳ
ԣߵһıˡ
ϯĵףΪ߸еˡ
Ц˵㰢㰢ճǻ⹫ڵظСʱ㰢Ǳסü꣬С÷һ𳤵ʮģ
㡭ô֪ģһ߾˼Ŀ꣬ҾͻغݳˣҡҲö꣬ûˣڼҶʶ
ꣿ
ꡣ
뿪ʱҲʮˣǸˣϲ̫࡭ܸˣϰ˿ɶ˻ڣ
ϯ󣬻û˵Ϻϰ˻̫̫˵˵⼸·£֪
ߴĵͷʮ£˵⹫ȢϱؼҺùꡣ
ֵİ˵ʱһױҲһòã˵ˣɺÿˡ


953

ϯͦͦӵȷһһ
ڣʮĩ֮ǰ˵һӶѣûʱʱͷѽ
߶ʱһʧҲŶҾȻˣ㻳Сúر˯İǾˣʵԼһҵղãôôϲһˣøۡˡ
˼רŸ̫̫СѺͱƷ
Сǳ޵ƷҲ屸ģֻмСԼġ
ϯûеʧʱСˣ͵ھǴһѩ׵ĺƤӣһźɫƤӻԭǴ͸ұͱ紩ģھױɡ
𣿺ܹɣһźҪ߰˰ӣҪǧӣ⻹õģҪģ磬ݳҪǧӣױǲ̫Щ
ģٹ㣬Ҳá
ллİ
СѾͷϵʧ䣬һɨ⣬ϲá
֮󣬳߸ϯ˵СϢ
ϯᰵ¡
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ҴүȢӣһҪߣźû£ͰѹܼȨˣϯһλûˣҲˣͱ󣬻Ҫһ
ϯһӣҲˡ
޸һʮͷӣӱԼ󣬸ҪǣһӶԼĺӡ
һŮˣӣڷҵӣܺùȥ
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˵ȥ£˵ϯˣǱģżҲԣ컹һƾɾɵĵ¡ʱʬ嶼Ӳˡ
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ģ˵󣬻ȥȷʵġ
ʵϢԼˣͬϯˣֻǣϯҴ󷿵ˣǰϯһ˲ãΪˣϯҴһ˵ӡҲá
ΪˣͬϯãҲʲô
ȻʲôҲˣϯ˶ˡ
İϯҵ֪˺󣬻ȥϯõżһͨϯõǴøϯȥ˺ûմһˣһٻ


954

꣬ΪɽСڣ̶ûȥɽׯ飬СǴ˵Ļǳ׺˰̵ˡ
߽£ϸϸ˵һ顣
ϯԺֻ˵һ䣬ҰȥãҲΪáͳӣӻظҲǳǷ
ŵͷҲô˵ģ˵С徲Ƕõġ
Ϊ˳㣬˲Ǯã˳ҵӣҲҵ㣬ԵĺȵĴסģ㶼õġ
ԣʵõӣĻͦãֻһ˷ƽӣ徲ݵƽӡ
㲢δоһƬݣԼƵģûһɣԵĲãĲá
ֻܳزˣմһȣҲǻҲɫۣƯ޶ͷʮ̫Ƶġ
վӣԼɳӣֱĶС
ϯ˺һҲ˺ð죬̲סƵƵǷ
߼ˣʵʵĲϧӣϢ
ֻǣϯﲻ֪ǣ˯ţҵļλĸɩ̽ˡ
Ϊ˯Ҳ᲻ó̫̫ϰ˾ͳӴˡ
ֱҳ緹һʱϯˡ
֪ĸͱɩˣϯҴϴ˼ĵӣƼá
ĸۼĿ߽ϯϲ߹ȥ֣´Ŀã㻳ʱһȦ
ʣôôµģǴѴ˵·ݣ
˶֪ϯﻳˣŻڵ֪ˣصŶ̽
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ѼȥʮĩУһ㣬ڶŸˡ
¸ǰȥ߶ءĸЦǺǵĵ
ĸҲ˵꣬㼸ľׯͷʳѿĵطˣɽΧһطǧֻÿ켦߰˰ٸǴһЩԣץ˼ֻ㲻ҪʡţЩˣ


955

ľׯǧĶ󣬾˲ľ֮ĿطҲ࣬ʳǵöʳ
ܿ죬ɩݾ͸ˣ˵Բʳһ֣ȥׯͷʳ˼ӣСĳϢҲмӣΪ˺ͼһƬɽׯѴ峤ְ֮ˣׯļʮĶˮҲ˴֣ڰͰ嶼רһڴƬׯӡ
æµʱϻϱլһЩũѾȥׯͷæ
ԣһˣڿҿͶһҲ١
巻ľշҲرãÿһ궼жӵ棬ľׯͷģһǧӡ
꣬ľﻹׯͷʮͷһֳԲƷ಻õʳͳͳˣιԡ
ʮͷһͳӵӣҲ׬һӡ
갢ׯͷͷĸţרţһͷţı׳ʵʮӣ׬ӡ²ĸ
⹫һ˵ˣԽԽãϯʮָˣΪԼľׯи˹ľޡ
ϰ˼ҼŶϱȵһ˵ͶҲ׽˼֣˺ϯ˵ʱϰҲ弸죬˵ľׯ´ģҪľһЩͷ˵ľÿģҪС
ֵҼǵãƬľΪϯԭĹײӲֵģǹײûˣƬľʵǿ԰Щֵӵˣʳʳӿ죬ľһãüʮܿ
ĸʱԥˣƬľϾϯҵģպǻȥģһ
ĸҵǾð̵鲻Ҫȥ⹫һ£ϯ˵Ȱ蹵ĺӳˣӻزҵòͷء
ãһȥ͹һ£ҪǿУǿľӣҲҪӣǵø㰢
ϾƬľǹͬһ˵ġ
ľӣȻҲҪ˼ҡ
ڰŴƬľׯڼ䣬װôʳѾմͬһ˺ܴıˣǿɲ֪ܲж£ŵôߣմ޹̼ҵıˡ


956

ԭҰһģֻǾﻳˣ˼ʹˣҲٲ̷Ұزһ֮ǰҰﶼң˵ׯӺȫȨҴҪôһ˵㣬ľҪҪĸȥ⹫Լ
ҪľҲҪˣľӣǲܶҰȥҲҪһҪǮҪ˼ҷԣľҪҪ˷ѡҪӡҿɣľӣȲŸҰȥպҰˣٸǡ
ƽҴҵҪľӣֻ⻰ϯڲ̹ף˵ˣ˵ӣҲǲҪӵġ
ǵԾܾ˰ɡ
ĸЦǺǵӦˣֵľҲû̫࣬ˣʮ£ҲͲˣľĵ£˾Уòˡû㣬һ˻ľģӶʡˡ
ҺøȢļϱϱǺʵֱˬƢȥݼҵĺôҲմԼҵıˡ
ҵļĸǺõģϯҲϲ⼸ĸ
ϯЦĸɲΪʡӣҼˣ˵ģһҪˡ
ţ֪˿ǼĶҲǵţһʹġ
һԵϰˣ⣬ͲԵҲˣҸͷвٻԺڣƽҲͿһԺҲûʲô£ǹȥæǡ
ô˼ϰˣãǡ
һˣʲôϰ˰˰֣ʹ˵İﶼȥ˾סںݳߣҾǰңݣǾͲø̫
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£˵ͬҵ£˷ľҲǰͬģϯΪͬŮ͸Ҫҡ
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957

ﻤԺв٣ϰˣү˶ʮᷥľĻԺպһȥľׯ
һգϯҲһЩƷƼȥȼңѼѡ
Ƽŵ̵Ķӣ̫̫ҪһȦȶϸǸǻҪߣ˵վſԼĽż⣬ȶ˵ˣٹ£ͲҪˡ
ϯѼѣĶӴ󣬳벻ٳţȥۿһ۱㶼С
ʵұôûиʲôģ˯᲻УӺͱԱô
ãүԱ̺أȥʱүűԺɢأڳ̺ȣ˵Ҫ֮ǰѱ̵ӹ׳ʵһЩʱ岻ã
ӣɲС
һֲãɾһʬĽ
ԣչ˶ϱͶϱĺӣСַѾ˼
У̫̫ūʵ£ū澶ˣ˵˵ˣһ£иѵʱ̵̣˫ŶЩף׵Ĳ̫̫Сүʱ̵࣬СȶҲΣ˯ˣÿ۵ʱ򣬱үͻĦ̫̫ĺˣүԱ̺ء
ϯԣЦˣǾͺãȱʱȥŰɣԷһ
˶٣ʵˣûǰã
У˰ģҼϱӣǽŰŽģһݹϵ
ʲôݣƼûϸʡ
ԺСһԺӣ˵Ҳţʲô£Ҳûʵôϸ
ϯЦЦʶɩʱҼǽһ棬ׯĽţׯһĺӳ
ƼȥѼʱѼѵõһϢ˵̫̫˵μҵλ̣ǰãȥˡ
ϯһ㶣˵ϲ
ԣ
Ƽ˵μҵүͣϱμ˾Ͱι̵ϲϣôһαݻҵĴڣĸ˸ҰŮ޽μȥ
ⲻΪܾӶһϱμҵ̫̫ͰŮȥ֣á


958

˵μ̫̫ۿϲͷ֮ߵġ
ŶμҵүɶϱļҵС㣿ϯͺˡ
ԼŮ޺ϯ޻ܶһҵСϱ
ƼƲƲ죬˵£Ҳ֪˭ȥˣ˼Ҿ͸ӲҰŮμˡ
μҾʹҵ⣬м֧С㵽˶żҵͣ˵֧ļһЩμҳ£ﻹܶС㣬ŻѰֻǣڲң˵Ķϱء
ϯҴ󷿷ôඪ˵飬̵ڣŶȨϯ⡣
ϯﻹΪϯͬΣӢݣϯҴ󷿳ԶҾͻϯȨû뵽ϯԼĵλӢһ˸ϳҼ塣
ڿϯǱȨء
ϯȨ˸ɵģӡģӡȥǰͱ峤֮λڵ峤һϵļҳ
ӡ֮Ա峤֮ҲǱϯҴ󷿸۵ġ
ȷе˵Ǳϯ᰸۵ġ
ϯ᰼޽֮ҾͰͽңҺϻ˲⣬ֻǣȥϯʧ裬ҵĵĸҾʹҺϻг˳
ˣӡһ⣬˺ϻһ˲ӣΣȫȨе
Ϊˣ˲ӳȥ
˵ѰҶ˳ȥ
Ϊ⣬˾ϳӡ峤ѡ˵ϵһһ˼̳峤֮λ
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ӡû˼̳ҵϵļҲ󣬶ʱһˡ
ðɣҲټﻹϰĶˮһĿСӣЩǵǼϯ£ޡ
ЩҲ㹻һ˵ĳԺ
ֻǣӡʧȥȨǮ֮󣬾Ϳϯ˳ֱۣӰѼļ£˶ϱϯȨ
ϯƢߣȻԸ⣬ֻǣӡвͲҲӡİš
ϯҴѾһݻҵĹ***ϯ÷ݺϯҵӹĲãҪֶϱɫӡ
ϯ벽ϯ÷ĺ󳾣ϯ÷һպҪһɫӡ
ԸңӡҲԸȥϯң£ֶϱ
ϾңжڣϱͲҲţϱٿ̣Ҳҿ̵ŵͷ


959

ƼҡͷμҳԶ˵ӵöԲУŻӦμ
ū˵ϯߵһѾߣ͸ү檡
ûȢޣС檽ţϯҲùҾͶҪùĽأ
֪ҺμҵºϯܺãԵ㣬˯㣬̶գĽ
˰³ϯĶԽԽ󣬶ҪͦĿԼĽż⣬ϯﷹҪԺСʱأһӣͻ۵ֱ
һֻ˵ӹϯٳһЩ
ѾٳˡʱϯԶ
ֻжˣϯŻԵӣ˳ԣҲˣһӴٶȱ֮ǰ࣬ǱͨиĶҪһȦ
ʣȳ鲻ĺӣĻ죿öһΣ
ϯ̫ʦϣαָ˸ӣ˵ûǶѹĳۣ߾ˣؿѹֵƣӵǶĻʱʱҪһţ˯ˣܱѡ
üˣ㴭Ҳأһ̥̫󣬵ʱֻ²Ҫ׼
ֵʵںѣЪЪٸ㿪һ˳ҩţܻһҲһЩ
ϯҲˣϯﻳѣҲżżҲûãϯ߸£ô²ء
£ϯҧҲͦȥ
ҩͱҩˡ
ƼҩȥҽҩȥˣȾһһߣϯȥԺһȦ
ϯĻһߣЪһЪؿڹȻ࣬û۵ıѹ͸ĸо
ƼҩҩȥСҩƼͼͰ͵ĸϯ̫̫ղҽݣūһ˲õ顣
ʲô£ô˲ãϯĶҲȥˣԺŶˣΨһȤƼİԡ
Ƽջҽݣūһμҵһӣū澼һأū澾͵͵һһμ˭ˣ˭֪Ȼү˴ˡ
˵ҵӰ£үȥҳϲƣ˭֪ȻҵС˯ˡ


960

ʮͯ׽㡭Ӵι̫̫μҿȻ췹жʹˣºˣС㶪ףμүˡ
ֻǣ˵ץ|˶࣬ʹүһ١
Сʮ꣬Ÿոܸǣӡԭ꣬ӿź󣬵СתΪ޺ٸŮһźżҡ
ʱŮ˵С㣬һСŵܵܣһӾ͸˲ֻһ㣬һܶһżҡ
û뵽ӡļƻүոƻˡ
ŮӣүˣЬպӿţǾˣŮҲżˡ
˭˼һҪһʧ׵Сϱ
£û֪ɱץô࣬飬ôùȥ
ǣ˵ӡʹżҺүݺݴһ١
ϯ޾ôһӣ˴ĿѪȥϯ޵ˣС㹳ӣ˵ʲôʲôŮ
Сҳһﶼ㲻ϣԭ£һĶӷϣҲ֪ȴ˵û
ϯȴ˵ˣѶԷĸŮݺһ١
֮ϯ޾Ҫȥ٣˵ӡޣָʹŮˣܻŹӡ޿ĸ˰״
Һμֵ˹ٸȥ
ӡӦóӣүˣͬ˽С޸үӦʮĶˮǧӣϯûмȥ
үѾͻμңգμҺҾͻὫ¶Ƽ
ϯƴǣ˵ϯһ֣ǵӣֵһϱȴϯˡ
̫̫˼ǣӡϯֱƼĵɴӣϯ޻Ҫȥޣɱ޷檣
ȻͲᱻץѱ
ӡԥͰҶȥ
ϯҲ²ĲĻӡ֮Գٳٲұ޷檣ڼɵҰء
ǵһգүϯҴ󷿳
ţҰڣĵϯҵѪҺһվһˣһûиҹĳ𣬾г𣬶ôˣҲЪˣοϯҴ󷿺ҼҲûʲô𣬲


961

ǰûôĳޣʹ󷿵ĳޣһգǻ⿪ġ
ӡһңһּɵϯҴ󷿽Թ󣬻ΪϯҵĴɽʱ򣬱޷檵ٲȻк³
оǣӣȻǣҫ棬ҷ󣬻Ҫöء
ţҪ꣬ˣҪ꣬ʿҪ꣬⻹ܿϣһϣûеٵôͿһŻ֮ǲܴµġ
ڿ׵ƽƽһ֮
ֻҪ΢¶ôһҪϯҿɽĻô˵ϯںݳǺ߶С
ƽţò˶ãϯҾͻΪݳһҴ塣
һδ֪ĻҪʵֵ·һǰֻܿһͷ·˭˭ԶɵҲ֪ѡ
Ҳӡ֮󣬳ٳԥҶֱ޷檵ԭ
գμҵôһ֣׼ŭӡ
ֻ£ӡҪĲǱ޷檣޷檡
ΪǱޣޣôҲûĶ
һգҰôҲȱ޻ޣҪ׽Ķ࣬ϯˣҰôҲῴȥϯϣ¶ӺӶչһ
ֻǣӡһ̣ա
ΪѹͲȥϯҵĿɽ
Ͳںϯǣ
ԣӡʵòżɵ

ϯϣڹںĵգϯͻȻеϢʹĶ
μҺϯҴ󷿵õϢ󣬾ͼȥҡ
СŮϯĸףĸ׹СҪɥ꣬ҲˣҺμԭþ·ݵĻڣҲӺꡣ
У㹻ӡ
ԣϯһӡ˵ҲһټõĴ£ֻǶϯ˵ȴǱϼӳ¡
Ӷϵ˶ʮˣٹ꣬ʮˣ˼͵ĺӶˣӣ֪ʲôʱء
ǣΪĸɥǹأϯٲԸ⣬ҲܲӦ
οС㻹Ϊɥ͸ܲӦ
ϯҲǴģԼõ򲻼򵥣ؼҺ󣬺θ߲˵¡
θ߲Цҵ£ٹܡ


962

ǿãһѵҾôĿϯ޷ŭ
θ߲ߣϯϣϯ˰Щ£ܻԼҼţЩףΪмģڼﵱ£
ϯɫһף㶵Ŀʲô˼ѵҲң
Ҫ룬ûǸ˼θ߲Ĳ̣Ͼദ˼ʮķޣģûӡĺݡ
ҵ£͵֪ǹԼӾͺá
ϯٲģҲҶ˵ˡ
ѾˣΪһˣԼҲϣôԼĶһӡ
ţֻҪֹҵ£ȥõθ߲ԻȢ
ʱ˺ĸӵӣμҵһСܺã
˶˽ģҲ˽
ҪԼͶӸҪ
ǿãһѵҾôĿϯ޷ŭ
θ߲ߣϯϣϯ˰Щ£ܻԼҼţЩףΪмģڼﵱ£
ϯɫһף㶵Ŀʲô˼ѵҲң
Ҫ룬ûǸ˼θ߲Ĳ̣Ͼദ˼ʮķޣģûӡĺݡ
ҵ£͵֪ǹԼӾͺá
ϯٲģҲҶ˵ˡ
ѾˣΪһˣԼҲϣôԼĶһӡ
ţֻҪֹҵ£ȥõθ߲ԻȢ
ʱ˺ĸӵӣμҵһСܺã
˶˽ģҲ˽
ҪԼͶӸҪ
ǿãһѵҾôĿϯ޷ŭ
θ߲ߣϯϣϯ˰Щ£ܻԼҼţЩףΪмģڼﵱ£
ϯɫһף㶵Ŀʲô˼ѵҲң
Ҫ룬ûǸ˼θ߲Ĳ̣Ͼദ˼ʮķޣģûӡĺݡ
ҵ£͵֪ǹԼӾͺá
ϯٲģҲҶ˵ˡ
ѾˣΪһˣԼҲϣôԼĶһӡ
ţֻҪֹҵ£ȥõθ߲ԻȢ
ʱ˺ĸӵӣμҵһСܺã
˶˽ģҲ˽
ҪԼͶӸҪ



963

ѼѵĶӣϴһգϯûȥȴԹȥһϲƣϯ׼һ׳Ʒȥˡ
һСָһֵĽȦһСӣȦǿĵģʵССʵĵģͽȦһء
Ʒһٰʮӡ
벻ͽȥѼѣͽӣһصĽͻȻѹӵϣ㶼ûס
һ˿Ȼ֮Цʮеİѳ뵽ȻԼͽӷǽȦС˶ϱ˵ǳүùģ˵̫̫ġ
ȼСС˼ңϴ磬ϵһѣһӣ׽һЩǸʮҡ
Ǻӵң͵ͺʵһЩһʮӵĺһԿĵĽСȦʮֻһ𼦵һլֵˮһֵ߲ˡ
Լֵ⣬һŻһٶʮӵҡ
ϯ͵׽Ʒͼֵһٰʮӣ뻹ʮӵĺ
ʵһӵģֻǣΪңŰʮһ÷ҲԽȥʮ
Ц˵̫̫ǵĸӣȦСɲˡ
뵱ŮΪ巻ʮӵѺ𣬷Ѿ˼ûܹӣŲҸŮƸӣܴ巻˴󵥻ؼŵ׬һӣŮð˼ļױ
񣬶ӿȡ˾ˣȢ˶ϱ˴ӣԽԽùˡ
ܹôԣʵǶϱĹ͡
Ƕϱޣ˽óãӲŻԽԽá
Ȼ˿̵Ϊ찾ҹӶ۾
ΪˣӴĵǸмϱġ
üЦѼѣóȥкȥҲæﻹȥæȥ
Ҫˣȥɣһչ˺ӡѼѹɶµĵ
ϵЦ˼֡
ӰŮкˣְҵļŮȥѼѺͺӣԼתȥ˳æˡ
Ѽ޹ӺѾ߸ɻϯ࣬ĸ˿϶æӲ뵢ľϯڳ֡


964

ϼ״ͷԸһӺһѾȥæ˳˵³ڴкˣЩѾȥ
ʮӶʳѼѴ˼޵ѾߣҲʹǣ˲赹ˮʢһЩС£һ㶼ԼͶˡ
ûǸϰȥʹˡ
ʹˣЩԽԽĺ󣬾ϰʹѾȥ⼸꣬ϵԽԽе̫̫ɡ
׼Ұ˵ǣûźãѿ¡һ죬ԹԵãϺ˵
ҵϴ磬ʮ֡
ȳȵһؼʱɫҪˡ
ûֱӻϧӣȻص鷿鷿ϴȥһζһɾѣŻϧӡ
ϯͷԸѾǰӳԷʱϯϯϴϵ¡
ȵĶӣ˵ȣҿžССһţҲССģ￴ó˭ˣˣʮָˣ⹫һơ
ϴϣӱӱɳôҿһۣϵĻҲ棬ȥһۡ
˭
ϯЦˣӵСôˣҲܿó˭۾񣬿ˡ
벻ĵǰճʱ˵ü㣬ңôٶҡ
û˵ӳʮ˱ô˵ȰˣͻҶһЩء
һҪңĹŮһЩá˵
ðɣӹŮ˭Ҳ˵ģöӺŮ˵㡣
ϯøүȥ
˾³ֽӵ˳дһţϵݺǰŲ࣬Ҫýӻؼס
ţת˳ҡ
ϰϧӣϯӴСѣ֪ˣϰ˾ͷϵߣ󰢽ˣҿ϶£ȥȥ
һ㡣
֪ˣãҲ͡
ϰ˰ҪŵϯôҿŶľģ㻹Ǳˡ
ϰߺƼͽ˵̫̫Сָ̫̫̫̫дţҪҪūȥ̽һ
ϯһۣ㵨ӵԽԽˣõҲ̽


965

ū澲ңūֻǺ棬ٺ٣ðɣū澲ȥˡ
ϯӵĿ£Ƽȥˡ
һʱ֮ƼǴõѾ߿У¡
ҳϰˣˣȥýӻؼҡ
˵㵤ͱ˵˻⼸£Ҳ˳ͷҪȥɡ
ӣɽϴ꣬úĥһĥӡϰ˰ŴŮҸ㣬ҲȥӣҪ͵͵㰢ý˻ļңҲܡ
ļҵô࣬ôңһ£˵лŻóȥ
òײżվȽŸѰǸ鷳ӻؼţ˵ˣһݻãסңסȥʲô
ͳӣԯޣҲʮ꣬Ҳˣö˵Ĺϵôף˵ͳ˴СͲϣϴĵĹϵã϶Ĺϵá
ȻҲ϶ȥ˾ǣ˺ü꣬϶Ĺϵھżҡ
ҪǳԼ㻹ǿвĶء
ϰɫ΢΢˳Ŷ㣬ǱӲǱӣ۾۾ģ
ëûٷ
ԴӳҪļжŶ̬Ⱦͺ࣬СҲǰÿο·ߣСͣü˳ۡ
꣬ļҵӣùˡ
ǰ̫ǲҪʰżңǱĺˣŻڳҪļһѵʱû
ǰգǶӻһ֧ӸңֺңҲˣҪżվסţÿҲС
˵Ⱦġ
ϰ˺мԼŮ
һֱڳҳԹ뿪ġ
ڶգϰϲǰȥɽãҲ֪ϰϲȥʲô֮󣬳ҲûдŸ࣬Ҫ
˾ѮϯĶԽԽһž޴ĵĶƵģ˿Ŷľ
˫Ҳ׵һߣһЩߵĻ׵ĸɶ߼·۵
֮˾Ѯʱϯ͸оԼܣ飬ۣҪǺڶȣ֮ûһЩʱ


966

Ҳ˯ˣʵѹ˯á
ĶӣɲУſŸУɲҲܣͲ֪Ҫôźܡ
ôһ쵽ĥ
벻ٳˣ粽ϯÿճԷϯȣĵĲϯɢɢ
߲аºӴ󣬲
ʵҲµĽº̫ϱѲԹŮѲж٣
һ뵽͵ǵ˯š
Ҳˣ̶̰£һȦ⡣
ĩһգϯˮͻȻˣһѳŰˡ
ڳڽ֮£ܰźһС
ϯֱﻹԸƼȥѽźַԸȥˮٷԸȾͱõӵĶõ
ȥҽݣ
鰲ŵľһ˿ңɳȴϯһʹ֮¸ˡ
źܿˣҲȥˣ㲻Ҫ£ڣ㲻µģҲ¡ϯߣΪ
ϯʹǵүӣ£ˣһҪȽҰѸҲҪӳ¡
úúãҴӦ㡣
ӣϱϵĺӡ
ǿԣԸۣ᲻ϱۡ
ӣܴ棬ֻĿϱ۵溰ȴΪ
һ̣Ҳоһĸо
һϱȴʹ
žסϧӲԶĿԺͷܿ죬Ƽһһɿ˱˽
ŻûȴͱƼקȥϯ鿴
һ̧ͷҲڲŵɫһףү̫̫ӣ㲻ȥɣھС
벻ߣϯȴץһ֣ȥɣҡһŬǵŮġ

үˡ
ϯĿ
ǳȥˡ
һߣһأžǰϯĿӰȻּһ顣
ûʱ̫̫㻹Ҫһ̣Ÿտʼء˵ţȥһ׼ӴѺͼƷ
һϯ˵̫̫ڶ̥ѾйһξˣҲ֪տʼۣ㲻ʹôţǺأȺӵԴˣʹʹҲ˷ʱӿɾûˡ


967

ϯйһξ飬֪˵ǶԵģԣڶʹʱţԼУ
ƼƼûи̫̫Եģ
ûУȥүȥ
ƼǵãүûԸæܵűߣţվĳ˵ү˸̫̫һ̫̫ˣȻҲС㡣
ѾԸˣϾ͹
Ŷū澽ȥ̫̫
һ¡ƼҪȥ۵ļ͵ģ̫̫ôûˣǲǲˣ
ôۣ̫̫ܲء
Ƽ˵꣬һŹˡ
ĵĸ
ϰ˺ͳ̫̫õϢ󣬶׷׸˹ͦһӵļϣүŹˡ
һȺԺĵȺ
ӵĳϰˣĶĲʱʱҪ쳤ӣſһۡ
ʵϯһ̥̫󣬴Ҷڵϯ̥Ӳһ
ȥʹˣҪ
ˣæקҪ˵׼һ£Ϸٽȥ
붼ˣ⻰Ȼſͣһ£Ȼţ׼һ£ȥϯ
޴ıӣϯڵ굱ģֻ¶һԴһֻڱ档
ϯͷ󺹣ɫ԰ף۵Ķֱۣô

˵û£̫̫Ҳû£ǺǰҪˡ
ûţûţûѹţûţǾû¡
Ǻﱻ̫ˣŻԤƵҪ¡
Ĳãôô
ͨиĶӣҪ֮һ
žľġ
ˣүǳȥɡɲ˴ĵط
۵ĸϯգŮҲҪúõġ
ţġ
ʹˣֻǳϯţûֻǶͷ϶̳һȺ
óӣҪƼæүȥɣū̫̫
ƼĴүӣʾүϽȥ
ȥˡ
ȭߣƼŵҪٲߣ̫̫Сô죿
ųȥˡ
ŲŹϣʹϯ̵ʹ


968

ϯĶӣڵڶ賿ġ
Ǹӡ
˶Σ򶼰ѳǸŮĺӣ󣬾ȻǸӡ
Һӳӹ󣬲һأеľŽѾͷһ롣
ŰѺӽӳ󣬵˵˵ôһӣôҲأ
ȸӲӰɣ賿ɲúˡһŵ
Ƽһѿǣϯ˵̫̫쿴СүˣС㣬Сү
˵Ůô
ˣҲСϯһƣȴƤӲ˯Ƽ֪뿴һۺ˯͵̫̫ˣͱЪϢȽŸСү·ˣū澾ͱ㿴
ҡӴƼôоҶͷһϯͷȻƤϣһİ
ƼҲǸİǷǺӵһֻСѾӡ
Ƽţ졭̫̫ﻹһ
һһ´ȣҾ˵̫̫ô󣬺ӲһЩԾ˫̥ѽѽӽʮ꣬⻹ͷһν˫̥ء
ҵǽԣһ̥һ˫ǳǱǱߵ˼ңû뵽̫̫øҲ˫̥һѾӴ·ĽЦǺǵĵȻѺӽһԵϣԼæ
һӳϯʱڶĿ죬һ㹦򣬾ͱקԴˡ
Ǹү̫̫ϲϲ˫ӡ
ŷ˫һãһӣҵ̫̫ǸиģȻӡ
ϯԣûźǸŮʱ˫һ˹ȥ
Ƽһ̫̫
Ȼȥ鿴̫̫۵˹ȥ󣬲һ
һֱһϵĳ룬ҲѾõϢСϱһԶӡ
ͬһϵѾߵĻ㱨һĲ˼飬ôܣľһС㣬ôһү
Ȼ˼˻߶ѹ֣ÿθ̫̫ʱܾЩԾԭ಻ָŮָ˫̥
ݳǵ˫̥࣬˼ʮĴҲôһҲôһ˫̥࣬жϴҲ⡣


969

ϯһ˫ӣϢһ磬ʹ
̫̫ûȥøϰ밲õϢͼҴҸϧӣôأһǽȥĸ˰ɡ
ϣ̫̫ͳϰ˵ˣȵ˺ʱУȰϰ˺ͳ̫үȥ˯
֮󣬳үӺͳߣҲȰˡ
ͦһӣҹ·̫ɽ󣬾ͱүţԼԺӡ
һϣֻгڲſڣһҹһֱȵ
֪ϯˣϰ˺ͼϣϹˡ
̫̫ǰŵϰ˺ž͵ˡ
ԶԶԣȥϯȥӡϵϰˣӿڵ
ҲҪȥȴϰס˵ͲҪȥˣ㻳УǲѪζ󣬻ײ㡣
Ŷǡ
Ȼȥ緹ɣϯĸƽûʲô£ϯˣٹǡ
ϰ˵ţͼȥСӺͶϱˡ
Ҳȥ˫̥ʲôģǲǳһģһģǣҽȥߵĳүҲȥ
ϱүˡ
ڷԸѾߣҴ϶һ񱻣ְеĴϣһ̺һж׵󣬳ͽ˲԰ѻڻ˯ϯʵʵģȻŻ˵ҡ
̫̫ϰˣһ˱һӣڳ߽
Ѿ׼һСССʱ˯ģֻϯ˫̥ӻССҲ˯£ȺӰˣС˯ˡ
ϰ˵ľСľǱҲҪš
һ˫̥СӣСľϣϰ˵ˣԳ˵źţһ˫ûһģһϵӣһط⹫һȥżʱϴϱǳЦ
⹫ͬҲûϴˡڣźų񣬱˵ˣԼֵܽҲʱϴǣԣ⹫⹫ϴˣûʲôл
ҿһԳˣҲһ㿴΢΢ŵС죬һģһǺǣԺ󣬿ɵϴʲôǵϱϴɷ򡣡
̫̫ЦŵǾ͵ǳʮһĽָǴϡ
ƾָˣܲϰɡ


970

ϯһ˫̥ӵ飬ܿʹݳǡ
ûãϾҼϱϱŮϻżֻĴĸ
ոճûõѼѣڵ֪ϢóһƯĴ󲼽ԴһȻһһûȲƷˡ
г̫̫࣬һЩϯｻõˣڵһʱ̽ϯðɣ˵̽żҲҪȵϴ
ʵֻǰͲסеĺ棬˫̥ġ
ʱϯֻ飬ǺܺãʹҴһкƣ˯ȥˡ
ʱɫѾˣĿҲظˡ
ιһ뼦ֳһ࣬ȻԸѾߣ˫̥ӱϯι|̡
ССʱ򣬾ϯιģ϶ϯҲιѶӽһι|̡
ӿѾ̺򣬵ι|̣ϯҪԼι
Ѿйһξٴιӳ|̣ϯҲ죬İѶӱι
ֻǣһ˫̥
ιһǸˣˣſС죬޺
СӣһСͲУƢôͲ㰢ܡ
ϯﻳﱧ϶ޣͱ϶һѵӣһ߻Ÿ첲ӡ
ϯԣЦˣȻ޿ҪŰܣҲõ֮󡣡
ճӤԵĺ٣ܿͳԱˣϯ룬϶˹ιӡ
뱧ӣųԱӣС۾Сһһ̵ģСҲһһģʮֿɰһģ˲һˮﻹиղŵϸ
ϴһʱ֮ǰͳҲδĺݴ˼ңϲˣҵһĿ뿴һ˫̥ӣڶĿģǱƽŮ˼ġ
ĸ˳鹫ƽӺöϱ£ݴ˼Ҷ˷
ֻǣͬʹˣ̻ҲûŻЩΪӵãͻᱻƽͳ鹫ϻ
ԣҶڹڵȴ
ȥǰͬ˺ү£˺ݳݳǵķʱˡ
ǰݳǵĴ˼ңΪɣһԳΪףһΪףȻһΣʮƫҵˣҲĿʼңҡ


971

ԭȳӴӾǻ󣬾ͻύ룬ֻǣɲɵģϯﻳˣҶӴĺܣһֱﻹȥύʲôѰ
ԣôҲҲᣬܺͳ档
ǣҾͳó˫̥Ӱϴʱ׷أֳһá
һ򶼺ðԵƼͨƵģⲻôҶȥϯĹͼϯ㱨˵̫̫үѾݴͽĶˡ
ֵҶˣ֮ǰҺ˼ңѶ˺ҵĺҺʧһӡ
ҽˣ˵ӡҵҲʼùǰãӡһӡһС檣˵ϴ󻧣ӡõĲϼ룬ǴҹõģҾôһŮûжӣһΰŮ޸ӡׯҲŮޣڣӡϼ룬òһǮ
ôһСڣڽܵգܺùŹ֡
ߣ֮գС檷֮ʱӡ˿ɴһп档Ƽֻĵ
ϴ󣬳æÿһţŻÿʱһݳ˵ûȾƣȵǲ裬ϵľմȾ˱ϵġ
ڳŬ֮£ϯ£Ҳº󣬳ͻȻõһϢ֪뾩ˡ
溼֪ˣȻǳү
Щүһֱڸ֪ξȻ֪ҵ˵֪Ϣ󣬶˼ˡ
ϯڵ֪Ϣ󣬾ȥ鷿˳룬Ц֪ܵǲֽţ
ҲûϣЩ꣬ҵͻ֣ҪǳҵڣƾԼŬܽ뾩ǣһ
һʼҲû뷨Ǻ֪æھʱ֪֪ıҡ
ԣ͸ȥһš
ãһ
Ȼү֪Ǻ֪͢ټģһˣ¾ôɹˡ
Ͼүԭǽϸ֮ص֪ڲƽһطѣ˾ټԲŻôס
ϯЦºˣܵغݣɩͲȥˡ


972

ѾʮˣѾ޳ȥˣ̫̫ϯ˫̥ϻμ˫̥¾Ƶģ֮󣬱ͳ̫̫һ𣬳ﱸ߳޵¡
ϸ£߼ˣ̫̫ԭȹٻظںˣүˣ̫̫Ҳûȥˣ̫̫ȥʰ
үӵκ󣬻ʱȳԤƵĻҪ졣
ڴϦǰһգүˡ
үĺүƣıȳүԵһЩҲҪһЩȥٷĶŵӣֻǿݵϣʱʱ̶̿΢Ц㡣
͵͵ϯ˵ĹԱǣƺЦꡣ
ʵүֻϲЦСϲЦٿޡ
ǣϯȴүޣڳ߿Ҫʱ򣬳үȥ˾ǣүŹߣҪȥѳ߽ӻسҡ
ȴүš
үүˣѺͻ˺ݳǡ
үһƵģſڳϰ˻ޡ
ȻǱ˵ģֻǣǡɱڴϯ￴ˣһĻҲʮ̣Żǵú
ǰүݹǰǸ׷˼ͺڷǰǷϵȣֱҪʮꡣ
ΪүĻع飬ϳӣҵһϦҹıκһϦҹҪ֡
Ϧ³ϯڽӵ˾ţ˵һСӣ鹫Ϻүʮָˡ
ϺүԸȡ֣־ָȡСдּǴС
ѪĴС
ͬһĻҸ˫̥ϯ￴һѽΣЦá
СӾʮԣǳ鹫ϣͻϷˣˣ̣ˣ̣˸ˣÿ˶ԣʮԡ
Щˣ󣬶ǲǮͺȻͽȦͽΣﻹġ
ģ飬͡
ֻͽġ
С⣬ʮȦһӽΣʮϯ۾ð⡣
ͶҵĹ£˵ԭ͸õˣһɽ廬£·ˣūԶ·ƹģűǰԤƵʱ˰µ
ʣ̣ǷֱȥңͱС㣬׼ҼģūŶ·Ϥɸ֪·ģΪū·


973

Щʵ񣬸ңңҵģԤԭ¶ʮǰ͵ݳǣֻǰɽ廬£˰£ⲻˣЩˡ
ϯҲûֹ£ԸһˣдºһȺѺĻǡ
ȴҶԱˣСӣŹºͻȥҡ
ϰ˵֪ҵĹ˺󣬾ͷԸ̫̫ȥ׼һЩǺݳǵز»ؾʱҲôȥϺүǳ
ϯఢͰܾＸϲԵģеģȴûɫСԣһãװ´ߡ
ֶʮСѣãһСַ˼˫СӰ֮󴩵СЬӽȥ
СӶװˣϯŰݡ
µںݳֻͣϣһ磬̻˾ǡ
£ˮͽˡ
㺼ԸûǱߺˮҲͽˣһȺ½·ȥġ
ȹʮ壬үʽȥ˺ţ˺֪λá
һտʼںݳǣվһߵλϣ֮ǰҪյңˣֻ޲ø˼һҡβͽҡ
ֻǣҺҽԹѾãҾ㲻ȥƽҵĹҲ޴ǹ裬뻢ıƤ
Ҿ㲻ңҵҲùټļҲҲڽήֱһܲ˵żȥݳס
ӴԺ󣬺ݳǣΨһҶ
ڳ˼ң˺ݳǵһңҲûй۸С¡
֮ǰµļ˼ңҲδȥ۸˼ңԷֺãҲûܶԷֻ䷢չ
·ݣ˫̥ʱ򣬾ǿţ˵ǰ˽öˣܿ˽غݳǡ
ϰ˿ź󣬾ͷԸ̫̫ϴϱһŹȥÿͰ˽϶һڴҲף˺󣬻ȥ϶ôֿӿɲУ϶£һӻûء
ҵʮϰ˿ɲûеӣһҾ³ҺһƬҶദģҸģϰ˲ΪһʺֵĳҼȮġ
ϰ˿ɲǣھǣԭƵģ϶


974

£϶ڼңÿϽţסͬһ£ʱˣϰҲ¿ϲ֣ʲôС˼ʱ򣬰ܻҵ
ȻЩϰûϱ˵
̫̫ڿϺͰ˽֮ǰͱͿȥͻ
ˣһ֮󣬵ȿǣŰ˽ʱӭĲǳ˵һӭһʮ
ɩҴŻûأǾҪߣ´Ŀϣ˼ŭ
̫̫˵ãⲻҵľ˼ľҲ֪뿪󣬶үҲûһµŮ˰£һڴףΪүӣҲ
ôҶ˺ݳǣҲҹ߰ɡֽǣŰ˽һҴţҾͲֵļơ
̫̫ƤЦⲻЦ˵Ѿóǰ˼ӣȣһֿζģأˣһԾǡ
˵ţ̫̫ԱһСѾ߿һֻۣСѾѸǰҲ֪ôģͰѰ˽ӿж
ֻо󱻵һ£ֱ۶ľˣ˽Ѿߴ˺Ҫٶ˽Ѿ̫̫˻С
ã˵ˣ԰Ѱ˽ߣͷȥչ˶үɡַԸСѾߣѶ̫̫·Ϻúչ˶̫̫
СѾǳ̫̫Ϳȥˡ
СѾǴӳҰѡģ书Ƽһãһ·ſϣܶܲˡ
ϱȥ˴˽ˣϰһֱߣΪһǰڣ˽˳Һ󣬾ͿʼͬӰӵһСѾѧ䡣
Ϊ̫Сʮ֮ǰ˽һֱϰһЩܹǿʽֱʮ꣬ϰһڹķ֮ȣŽıˡ
ȻڻһСİ˽Ϊԭ·һҡĵߣһҪˤӡ
ϰ˿ֱģ˽ôôݣҲ֪ôģ˵ҩŸ˽ôôŻһӪӣ
ҩţ˭ѽϺǺǣһЦûǶɩһ˵ġ
һ꣬Ϊ˸˽ӣ˲ٲƷȥңҲд˼Źϰ˵ȥĲƷ춼˽ԡ


975

£ӪСŮ˭ҲûǼȥЩö˰˽졣
ϰŮˡ
϶ȻͿһЩùһЩô˵Ҳʮ»̥ġ
˽϶ĵŮȴ϶Ψһĵãͳܽö壬Ͳ϶ˣϰ뻹ܶʱ԰϶úý̵˽ϰ˲˽ҲӸϳˡ
ģϱȥ֪ͨһ򼦵˽ԡ
ǰǳҺöеǣôҲѰ˽İװֵģͱѹˡ
ϰ˵ѹϱˡ
ϯ˵ﻹһСûѪ࣬͹˽԰ɡ
Լ԰ɣ˫̥ӿĶ࣬öಹһǣ˽СܲסѪಹͨѷһС
鲻ܲͰ˽壬Բ̫õģʲô˲Σ֥ڵҩģǲܳԡ
Ѿƽ͵Ĳҩ
˽ͨ㹻
֮ÿϣ˽ܳԵһ࣬ζ̫ãҲǰ˽˳Һθڱˣ֮ڵʱ򣬰˽һݺӣһװֵСֶա
СŮֱźƵģԲཱུģʮֺÿ
ϯ˫̥Ҳʮֵĺãְۣ䲻ر֣ҲѾʮˣ߼ŵ̺ڵķɿ졣
˫̥ºϯʰһ᷿Ϻĵ̺˫̥ͷҲʡϯѾǲٵġ
Сϲ˫̥ܣʱ߰Űܺ˫̥һڵ̺Ĵ
ҲʱɢһǵЦ
˽˺ҲʱײײĸڼСȥϧӵĵ̺
˽ӣ˳ˣû馣ϰ˵еСʱӣľʵҲһƤƤѾͷ
ڣƼһϢ
ǧȷΪ˸ﱨֿݣ̫̫Ҳȥ˰˵˵˻зƵģǶõĴ򶼽ⲻˡ
ԭϯһֱϯų飬ͺӡλõĺĸбصŸ硣


976

ĺ⣬ϯһֱѹͷûйҲܷй
һ׵һ׵ͷ⣬һ׵ĸαӣˣû˰һǣҲǲ
ֻǣѹ᳤㣬ʱţⲻûʧԽŨҡ
ǰãһϢװеĺ˳
ĸʮˣȻˣܸˣಹƷĸԣĸѣΣЩõӣȫ˽ӡ
ʱ޼ˡ
ڣ̲ס͵͵ȥ˶ҩҰʱҩĸŸͷ
ĸһʬ
ŸĭƤⷭ鴤з˰㣬һһϣȴһҲ˵
ӡжᣬ沿ҲˣʱͿ飬ϵЦݺָ˵ТŮȻ߱
㶼ɱޣֻΪҰﱨѡ
˿ûΪʱӡĸŸڣѾǶǰ֧ˣͰɩȥ˰ɩҰڣûҡ
ԼϻнҩԼҲһҩΪԼҲжˣȥ˹ٸţ׵ϴԼס
ӡָֻҪϣٸҲû취
ֻǣƫƫôɺϣҩʱ򣬱˿ˣ˻Ǻһֱ͵没
ǣӡ٣鱻ٲûã沾ȥţ֤֤Ƕҩġ
֪ˣҲǳүԺ󣬾˹ٲȥָҽݣҩͯʹ򶼴Ŵá
ڼҩϴɫɷһƬǧı⣬Ҳ˵ڡ
鶾ɱ׵ͬĸֵܣʮ֮֡
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ʱӡֻǵ麦޶ûҵǰ̣Ҳ˺ݳǵһЦ
ʱ˿̵ѹҲŮϯһ𽿳ʮŮ
ֻǵŶӣӵһʬ
鶾ɱǲТǴ󲻾أɹûһһڣҵ̣Ƿ˴ı棬翹ּ˼塭
ĸʮ꣬Ѿ̷


977

ӡŶӣϵĶܿ챻ˣֻŶܴڶ֮󣬰Ĳ飬֮ʮľˣδܣһӶֻǴһ֮ͷΡ
̺ӡϯĵճӣֽ˹ٸһ֤ݣӡɱԭ޵֤ݣԶҩҾôɺϣӡԶҩĶҩͬһҩӡ޴ӵҲ󳾣ʮ֮֡
ӡȴ֮ǰҽŶӣ׺͵ճӶ˸ӹϵճӾͰĸ׵ļױȫߣ֮ңҲֻǳһտǣӡŶӣ֮һҲֻǿų͢ŵٺջ
Ҽɹü£˵ȴԽԽгԽԽҸ
˫̥˸Ÿ˽Ⱥһĳ󣬳歺ͳҲ̳ޣϰȴˣ̫үΪܶϰ飬ʲô¶ˣ׵׽ҵȫ˳үүͳүЭү
ҵ沣Ҳദá
гүɽڣҵҲԽԽ󣬲̫үүˣѳҵĲϣóһε͵
֮󣬳Ҹǰൽֵ⣬øһֱڳµļҺȥһһεҳΪ˺ݳµĴ󻧡
ܳ鹫Ϻүź֮ʮĴӣͻȻ˺ݳǣ̳ϯҶ𣬶ѳΪ˺ݴ󻧵ңլӺϯҶĲҵȫϯҶ
Ӵ֮ϯҶԭ˵𣬾ʹȥ
󣬳ϰͻȻ̫үڱ֮࣬ӷ˼ңѼ﹫еĲҵȫ˴ӳү̳С
ͳϰºð˽ҵֳ֣ÿӶһݣүһݣ̫үȴûүǷĸСݣֱתѾɼҵĳֵܵϡ
үڴʮ꣬һҲûְҲһûٵҵӣȥ˴ԭٻе壬ȴΪүһһŮҲһӡ
馵ĵӣһҲûغݳͰ̣̫үڷּʱƺҲ˶һӵĴڰ㣬һҵǮҲû馵ĵȫָ˳ֵܡ


978

̫ү˳ֵּܷҵ֮󣬵ϣȻһ飬ϰһˡ
ǰ̫үϴɾϳϰʱһϲѣȻɽ˳ϰ˵Ĺײģͳϰ֣۾
ϣ̫ү˼ǣóĸֵܱͳϰ˾ţһ¡
ͬͬ餡
ȳүѶجģЯ޴ŮҴҹɥʱϰ˺ͳ̫үĹѶˣҲֻüڶϵķĹ֮ǰϿͷ
ڳҶϵȥүͳүͬʱӣҪڼҶ꣬Цǣ͢˳үӣȴ˳үӣóүκ֪
óүʮѿ
ǰ̤˾֮أύ˾Ǹ߹٣ҪΪǰƽһѡ˺ʶѹ뾩ǣĹ⻪
ҵĶӣֻһ뾩ǣֻһ󣬳͢ҲֻóһˣΪҪֹǰ
˼Ҹӹϵ·οֵֻܹϵ
ԣΪԼǰ;ү˲ٲʵֶΣĵΡ
Ѿ˼û뵽һգԼᱻѹȥѹĴһҲܷ֡
ү飬εܣεǷϣ֪
ʱ򣬳˭Ҳȥ˼顣
ڳҶϵɥ°󣬳ֵܾ͸ݳ̫үµԣһЯ޴ӵİլס˳̫үΪðլ
ڶʮǰ̫үڳլĸլӣסլĳүһ⣬϶壬һһס
壬ϴϧ𣬰Լҵլүˡ
̫үָլӣֱӼ¼˳£馴Ӻ͵ӻ󣬻ûڳլȵӣҪᵽڶլȥֻǣլǵǼڳµĲƲ˼ǳ馻ҪסԼһӼ£
ʱ޼̫ү
ǰھǱᣬ̫үȥƽϺүһѵģǣϵԸĿᣬҲһѡ
̫үк⣬ʮ궼Ըغݳǿһ
һηּң̫үѷָĲƲֱת˳£ǲˣ馵͸Ӻ˳̫ү
ֻǣٺޣ̫үҲˡ


979

馵ľһӾͱǷӴԺ󣬾Ȼ˻Ƶصӡ
ʾֺ֭Ϸ壬ڽύͬšʮľҵҵѾ˼ȴһ޹һᡣ
ǷϣӵӶˡ
ȴס֮£ϱɫȳֵڰʱϾںݳһĴլӣȻŶӣԼĴլͷ
ӴˣҶĵϵϵͷֿʡĹĶǡ
ϯȴûа̫үŵլȥͳ˳뵱ױԺסոճɼҵһİ˫̥ܣ˳̫үŵլ
ϯ˫̥֮󣬾ûٿҲˣͳõŮҲûܵ
Ӻ󣬳Ҳ̳ϵ˱˷аͽϯ˱ԺճϢĸҸӡ
˶ʮ̫̫ϯϲֲ˵ϰߣһֱάţߵѾߣȴһһ
ƼĸѾߣ˫̥ĵ꣬ͱһ˳ȥƼ޸˳һ޸˳ҵĻӳȾ޸˳Ļļ޸ѰĽķµĳӡ
ʮȥˣƼĸѾ߶ŮҸޱȡ
ɥϯͳȥ˾һˣ̽Ϻͬ
ϺͬʮˣǰͬͰѺүľλ˰
İѾС̫͵游һǣڳһֱεվɣҲȨȨҲ·ŸˣӲȨԼϡ
ϺүԣҲҳ˵һο֮󣬿˻ҸѪỴ̄ͨ˵Ľ
ȻûȨƣڳеĵλûͣΪ˶һĵĴڡ
С̫ȥ˻ʼѧԺ˻ӵǵʦѧţֵܶˣ˭ҲȨıƣΪֵܶȨƵĵĮȴϻϵϲͿء
ﰡҸ㰢ʹˣЩ꣬ԽݵһУҺ㰢밢ˣغȥϣΣҺ㰢һغݳȥ
ϯһƽ͵֪ôһĴϲ
ϯʱ۾ʪˣǷģںݣһúТ˳ǡ


980

ھǴһ£ϯͳʹͬ˺ݳǡ
Ϻͬסլӣϯҹסһ
ϯҹǰĴӣ̳ϯҶͲҵ󣬾ںݳ˸֮ȢӣӶˡ
ϯҹȢӣѼѺȵĵճŮϯýҲϼס
Ҳˣ϶ϱܺãڰ̵ļӣСӸչˣĬĬİͬӾǴЩѼһһ͸ϱСղš
ϯҶϯҴȴߵ˥ܡ
ǰϯڰܹϯҴһӺûãͱϯլϯҴһ˰ȥס
ϯլӣһػһ´լӡ
ֻǣլӺլǵ̫Զˡ
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Ժкܴһأüӷ˳˲ٲˣ˲ٹһȺѼ졣
ʮ֮ϯҴ󷿾ȻǰϯҶʱϵӣԼֲˣֵأֹһжԸ㡣
լõǧӣϯլӲһǧʣµģϯӣԼȢϱȢȫǴãǴܸɵĹ
֮ϯ廨ǧӣĶˮȫϱ֡
ʣµһǧӣϯǮϯ岻ٶȥǰһϹ۾Ƶ˺ϻʲôģȴƭӡ
֮ϯһˣµҲճϢİӣӴԺҲûϯϵ˵ǰֹ
ת󣬵˫̥˫˫֮󣬳Яӣס˷ɽ£׹˰Ҹӡ
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˵֪֮󣬾͵͵ʬ壬˳ĹԱߣĹţ֮Ĺ
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ǳүͳ߹ܽ㹫г﹫ܻ¸ְѹգǿŮ֤ݡ
󣬳үˣүǣڵһ˵ȣȴְţҲ乫
ӡϼүȥү룬үӡҪ޴ѸԷɵļƣͺ޼ӡϵ壬ͬ롣
ӡҲûӹŵ³
ܽ㡭кߵ֣үȥš
֮ϯμϰˣȴûֳү֮ǰеĲƲˡ
үȴöڼҺ󣬳״ȥְڼӶŮҲ̤ٳһ
үӣСǸӣ̵˳ϯ£̳˳ϯ
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ϯʱһŷŴ˯İǰ̲סȥϸϸĹյ١һĺҸ
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