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Լûжٻͷˣﶼ
Ĳ޴ϣڷ٣ش࣬ɴᣣȥЩҹ˽Ժƻͨؿڣϸϸش
ԱߵѾ˪ҶСĵظӣַỺظ˳
С㣬ūҩɣ˭ȥܡ
СѾȦˣʣ˵
ܸԼӹȥ
찲οȴԼ˵ܷˣۣ̾һ
ܸоԼʶɢܷˣǲԸҩ֪Ѿ췦ԸٷǸ
ԺЩ֣ԼԼأ񣬿ڿү˪Ҷı˲ЩţǹӴǰڻһ㣬
дɫ۵ŽȻüĿ续ΨһĲۣ֮ϸЩͣᣬҲѹŽŲϤصͳ
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Щ޵繣ܹģ˪Ҷּ侯Ŀ⿴Ǹˡ
˺һﶼ˻Ӧ
һһߵǶᣣԼڴϵŮˡ
ɣȥ˻ϣ˹ҽõҶ̫ҽ
˶٣ֲԾǰһ
ģĲ϶κõģɡ
ֻЩУгãҲֹûģˣȻû˼
һԵ˪ҶֻʹͷǼİ
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˪ҶأϹϾ˵ţȴʵʵˡ
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΢üͷһػ϶ʹġ
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ǲԸţȴҲòܣİɣͷ滨㡣
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֪û˯ţҲûĻӦֻܶú
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Ĳ֪˵ʲôǵһ룬ǰϲԪ㽣ЩԱۣ
Ԫ㽡
Ԫȥɿݵ֣ģַĿȥůһֻȥ
ڣڡ
ĺۣٿûѾβ
ۣǽϹˣǰԨԴǳˣû뵽Ҫˣǰ۰ͰŵģȻԪ㽡
ȻԪ㽰
С뱲ӣĵףаһչ˵Ԫ磬㾡һȥ尲ЩͷΨûйŭֶεƽԪ㽡
Ԫ㽣һ顣
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Σεǰ
ε尲ǰŽ㣬ϲüҵӰü٣תĹһֽ˻飬κѪ֮һ
Ⱳͷһνǰ̬ת֮죬ƴǰǸ˳Ǽٵһ㡪
ֻһ䣬
ĪҪҡ
аһ͸оķζҪѿˡ
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Ƿ񲲻ĸףͼͽıڵưܷӣ޷Թۡ
õһȣԼһӡ
һֱϻرңֱ˻飬֪Լ̤壬Ĺǰһжޡ
ͷһУֹ뾭ѵ
֪ٴĿտڳŵ޹ĬĬŵصȵ󣬷֪尲ѾȢˣഺ껪ȫ
ĺúޡ
ﾪѵʱԪ㽾Աߣڿޡ
ǰӵʱô߰ĻףУ߳ж˭һ᣿ϮүƲȥƽ壬ΪԼҪ˵ӵᡣ
ֻȢһΪͻʧȥһֻۣӦúġ
ΪʲôأΪʲôأ
ǿȢʱģʱҲġ
֮䣬ӦûԹǵġ
Ȼ䣬ЩʲôĸˣԪΪۣۼظᣬ
ۿ΢죬ִַڴߣȥԼϢȥů
ŵŮˣüĿԼϸɣ˿ȴưܵĿҶɫ԰ף촽ѡ
ɣ˯õģһõġ
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Լӣ˭֪ԼǺòˡ
ֻź֮ǰûټĸһ棬ǰ㲻Тȴ֪˻ѹֻš
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˷Ӧ˷һ˻ţ̫ҽдҽ߽˪ҶأŽڰ
ڰ
İɣúöʲô
ŻţŮ˵ʬ壬ҧѪ﷢һʣţ
ڿ˳

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ͬ£ƽһӣʥΪӡ
³ƽԪ㽣һۣսɳТ۸书£ǰԸͬŷϺᡣ
£尲Ӣţʮ
ⶼǺ󻰡                        
лҪ˵Ļģ⣬Ҳȥڵ

 2 

Ԫʮ꣬ǣ鸮
ѾҹڵԷͻȻƻͨһƬӡ
ĸԺ͸ᣣ
ֻɫ£ĿڿԣվһԵ˪Ҷĸ첲¶С
С˰ɣūѾȥˣһһ
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˪Ҷڣٴȷһʵ
ǰһ飬ȴֻˡ
ʮ֮꣬űС˻֮ʱ˼飬˺ܳʱųš
һΣһжôʵȴô̹ġ
ôǰеĹͱѣеƽźһ׮׮һԶˡ
尲
ɫ԰ףֻҪһǸˣ޵ҧгݡ
һٻǲһһģˣȴΪһĿľء
һ¼ӣ˸Сİ⣬ֻ֪֪ϧβޡ
Ŭѹ·ڣͻ
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䲻ģôһ䣬ʣȻƶ
˪Ҷһ٣ܾûлػ˭Ȼ
Σſ˿ڣ
ǡ๫Ѳˣʥ̸Ҵϡ
ˣû˵˪ҶＸãջǿ˿ڣ
ةմŮν񡣡
ˣͻȻЦӴﴫ˪Ҷޡ
˵أôͻȻҪ˻飬ԭǣ˱Ҹߵ֦ȡ
û˵ֿ꣬ȣ˪ҶȦϽ²ȥԼСιЩˮ
ǣ˻ʼҵļλļСܱȵݲ飬ϹۣΪˡ
˪ҶС͸ģʱܾĸڶƽǻһϢԼƿڴ˺þãȴֲҴţҽ֪ˡ
๫ĹΣǰǰû䣬Сƣǵչĵλǰĺá
˪Ҷһֱĵģͬ尲ǰ֣û˱˪ҶˣԽԽߡ
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ʹʧԺΪ۹Լٺ»ȥȼһɽ壬һģɢƲƲ֪صǸж£֪˶谮Ů㽫ԭһ룬Ϊ롣
ıʮ꣬һȥ룬һӵĽѡ
ʱʲô尲ֻһûûָĸҰӣ۸òHĳʳû䡣
ԵĴ񣬹ظģ˵ëӵĸףǸӣԺӷǴ֪
ʱֱߵüݣԽҲС꣬Ժ˸ף鸮š
ʱԶׯ飬鼮ոȡ尲
Ϊӣƽϲ֡
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˼ˣ򴽣ӴԲױ̨ɫµڿǷ䣬Ѿӹȡһֽš
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䣬ѾƲסڸӣͷ˲ܿ
ĻԶ׼һһ
磬ղŴϹųãǸ·ܵüײҵĽ֪㡭ǲ𣿡
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Ԫ磬ֳһȴΪĻ£һĸû̫ӣȥײТۣ̫֮λϣ󲻵ա
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Īǵ˷纮պͿˣǰù磬Ҷ˻оţ
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ˣȻû£лȥҪúչӣ˺ġ
Ӧţȥͣʱ̫ʧ뵽շա
ĵĸͬԪĸʺƣҲΪʲôҪԵֵ׽Щԭ
Ļ̧֣Ĩɾϵᣬ˪Ҷʱͨţ˵ѵˡ
˻ŷԸ˪Ҷн

 3 

ƽ
ŴլҹžŸԺӣ·ʱмҹ߹һԣŲֻһüĿСˣ̵̻ܹȥһ⻪ߴԺ
һȥﴫѵ˷ⰲҹͬը
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ǳվмӣü续ˣ˿ȴȫƻűŮ˻ֵգǺ͹ӲҪΪǸŮӡ
ɿ壬ߵ⣬ֻһɫۣ˿ңм縴ࣻˣŭˤëʣüš
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үҵСڰ
С˿лľŹϡ
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С˵Ļͳжȣ䣬Դһ˿ۡ
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΢üҡҡͷ
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ĸĸС㽫ΨһĵճӽߵòУǰƽ֮أǳĹ竣ƽԼķأδӿܣҲʹƢԽ޳ᵽ⾩ǣûűײӲӽ£ʹ˴һƷСٵӣűƽڸһ¡
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û˵Ԫ㽵һ裬Ъ£ϽʰĲо֡


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⾩ĹСǣʮ껨һͣ¿ѧŮ֯ԺѧĿΣϲٰЩͻоһԼᣬԴʱ䣬Ҳǲ֡
ΪŮ̳Ȼػض֮УǰͺϲЩΪɢģ׼˪ҶôЩ¶Ц⣬Ҳϲý·Ρ
ź˿ѣ֯磬ƶȹ򵥵ö࣬һЩؾӺͻ塣
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尲
Żǰֻ࣬ǴĻ࣬ƣü۹˳ģǰǱǸӸƭˣøǰ³
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Խǰ֣ľԽغޣⱲӵ尲ֻ˻ˣΪԼƽԴԭʶĵ޲ƭˡ
üȺĵС㹫ȻҲע⵽ˣмƽĹϵ㲻ĹͰ͵عͬк
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κУ֣˵˺һڼ䣬ܸܵǵϤĿ⣬ֵس߹
Цһ۹ȥõθڣʼգʼʱûٿһۡ
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ޱ飬ȹڣһش߾ȻȲԸ΢΢ᵽϵʱǲԾǰ
һ֮㣬尲ģϱֻѬ㣬Щ䣬õǼٵģϧ˰Ǳ仯޳
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˵ɰޣɰ˼ϲģǰ尲޵ã尲
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Ҳֻѣǿˣü˳۵أ繵صţ
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ͣס˲ӣԱߵ˪ҶԹŤͷûתȴ΢΢尲
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װԽԽ£ԽĻأʲôãʲôܱ
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˵⻰ʱǸӣҲЩŹ֣ϧıţ˿ܿ
΢΢̧֪ڿʲô
죬һջûпڣҲûתֱǰߡ
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죬ģ˺죬Ҫֵزˣµ˵ʲôƭĹˣ룬ٶ˵
Ըٶһ䣬˵棬ֻͽա
ûһӦ
ϵˣıԴʱﻹǲƵطʹ
尲۽⣬ԿԶıӰ
ǰǰ
ǰģЦŭ鶯ã尲˵Զһӡ
ֶɱǸģͷȴǱһ
׸˵ɴߣܾ鰮ˣԼԹ޻ڣΪ˳Ϊˣʲôá
۽˫ִճȭҧ
ܺڣҲڡ

 4 

ͺɻԼʱĳ䲻̫θڲãʲôûã˪ҶϸתͷȥԱ߲ԶĽЩӸ㣬͵͵ġ
Ще΢ɢһ˵һƼǸ˾ﲻһ뵽ⱲӣںˣúöػţĪİһ
ȥʱ򣬼͵ڲԶˣķ˪ҶÿǷĴԶԶأܿЩС㣬ûȥ˫һĻʫ֡
Тλڼ䣬ʵ绹㿪ţʥϱ˲ϲ෱ȽڣֻᳫͳĵǣԾеĹǣϾʱٰ켯ᣬ֮ǰ
̧֮ͷݣǺϤģ׳ȴۻ롣
ǵǰ޵ƽԪ㽲ϲҾֽ緢飬ֻͨ˪Ҷ֪
ȥ¥յĳ¥ǶʢʱڣĵǰܿǷŽҡ
ܻһ۶ܾöûˣΪػһΣĪضһжȳ
·̾˿Ҳ֪̾ʲô˪ҶС鲻ãȴҲ֪ôοֻõü˳۵ģȸȥȡ

һߣƽ
ԪǰڸôЩʱգﻵˣĸȴηϣ׷ȥ
㽱úôڸУȥ㸸ҲˣȻеʱȥֵġ
ƽӼֶͣԪмӣʱҲֻùȫ֣Ⱦ
Ȱο˵ˣԪǸ̵ܽģŲһףδڵͣȻѱ
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԰գٿƽ긺Щۣ־䣬Թ
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ƽԪ㽼䣬ûֻ㬵طѾˡ
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ԣҸϺͿˣӳȥ˻ңҾͲˣƫҪȥܰô
һȻ˵ı飬ͷ̾һЩ帰׳ң
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ԪƳһۣ޾ɵӾ;ίƵġ
ҪǽԷǱߵլǽ͵ģȥǴҲûڸױ֡
ԣʰʰҪĻȷһţ㱾ӳȥ
˲֪˼伲࣬˸߲ҵ˵ţ̾˼Լ˰˱ѪùȻҪСźħźôˣԽԽѲˡ
ĹģǲԸҲǵͷӦͣ
ãүԵһСģСȥ
ȥȥ
Ԫ㽷ŵķʧ˲һɨ⣬վǻ⣬ֻܳȥ͸˵ز˵ġ
ıţſڿصС˵ǮС˺⸮дūһ֪ԣǽסˣҲеǿͷҪԣߣǰ޷죬үˣ˶ͷۣԿͼӳȥʵΪѡ
ĺˣҸԴϴγԺûˣұ͵ȥһʱ̣֪֪֪֪֣ᷢ
⻰˵ģвȣΪԼ⣬ȴЩƽ֮⡣
СֻõսľǮü˳۵ص
үСҲΣûð֮⣬ֻ˳ȥʵڲϹأȥأĪҪΪСġ
Ԫ㽸Ͻڰ֣ʾԼ֪ˣתŴ󲽣ŲȥҲߵ߶أϽϡ
˵ҵƽߵǰδǰļ䣬ע⵽ԭߵĵᾭƽ
˲Ǹˣಡʱʹ಻ģ
Ԫ㽡
ÿÿһΣﶼҪһΣ尲ҲֻԹޣֻ޲Ԫ㽣ǷȴηʵǸӡ
ûǸһϱס˺üĵط
ȴ˵ԪߣȻ졣Եļ򣬷Ǹ߸ߵԺǽȺǽͷֵȥϵԡ
ò˶ˣԪȻԶǹˣȴûո߸ϵķǷȣأſǽͷ˳
һ̧ͷͿһӴʻϸ£ǶĴ뻱һڵ޷˵òԪϸȥƼͷ˸۵ľƣϿ̡֡
ղֻ֪ЩٹҲûļģ֪ΪΣǸ֣Īһʶʮ⡣
ԪԱߵԣӻһ۲ض
ԣ㿴˭ҵҴδ
ĻŤͷȥֻͷľƣȻ
үңǻңûãҲõزֻۣһճŮϥ£ûжټ檣һˣǰ۵ģƽĸҲŮμӣȻʶˡ
Ԫˣüͷ壬ڸһѵݺݺ࣬ķȻĪǸЩ塣
С磬ӦŮеģλǵҴС㡣
ҴС㣿
ԪЩ⣬ƽʱ竹ˣҶ;еϲŭ޳壬ǲϲЩ̬С㣬ĸ
ҴС㰡ģ֮˵Ǹû¼ȴҲ䴫ŵģ˵ã˵£ĸ谮һ̫ӵ£йҲ簮λء
Ԫáġ֣;ĪϤȴ벻һ񱻾סһ˵꣬ˡ
ô֪ࣿ
ޱƽʱźүǺ͸СһУȻ֪ˡ
ԪһҭεƲͷٸ˵ˣֻǲأֿ
ʱµѾůˣһС磬ǿֻӰӰ´µƼۣһ㱾ãĹÿСӣ
𷽲˵ãģԪֻĿ΢ϣ˿˿Եӿͷ
ٴۿȥΪýˣҲЩ΢ĿΣһŸ߻ܶĲ
ȻЩΣǸŮ˲԰徣ٿС㣬ֻǸŮһݾ
ʱͫ΢вţǸŮˣͬŮӣһģ                        
лҪ˵ֻոǧ
⣬ҲྰƪҪдŮģжһƶŰ㱾ŰжȤζĹˣΪ£ҲԸϴףעҪҸҾͲþУרĶǵүͺ

 5 

ô£û
Ԫ²⣬ȴ⼸챻ЩܲŵĲУҪٸʸס

СֱֱسĻĵĶʶ⿴ȥһ˲סͫ΢
Ԫ㽡
׼ȷ˵ϱûмģʱڵԪ㽡
ʱĸоֻǸ֮ˣ֪ʱ⸱ģġ
Ǵݰ׵ģͬüۻûб𺣬ſǽͷϣ
ֻ΢һư΢ü
ɷͣһ£лʹ
⻰ܵûʲôȴ֪ΪˮޣǵûзԸͣ΢һº󣬰ԭ֧ľ£óٿЩ
Ԫ۳СЫһﲻã˼ûôֺαأ˼һ޳ǹŵֽʲô紵ݶҪɣһܣ¸ƶҴСˡ
ιӽվסûС
ʼóԼӵݣȴ˷ŵĺԺ˵ֿʼøǰһ
㣬ȻͣסˣԾüһߣӶۣȻԪΪŤĿ׷ǰ㣬һȣȻǸǽһͷ

µȥһ˲䣬񡱵һ죬ʶʹԵק·˸գϽѯʣ
үû¶ɣ
Ԫ۵죬ǽվһ̧ͷȴȻͣˡ
ѾģŮӣ߹
ӽ£ǻ׹ݣۼˤӲ룬Ȱ鷳߲٣һζţֻ¼֦
Ԫ϶ĲͬѰˣ˵׼ǱʲôħָģЩƣԴ䱸ؿ
ȳһҽ̤һСϥ΢׵ü΢΢
ү
Ůģ֮Ů֪ӣû֮ͣ£ʵʧ񣬻ү¡
ҹĺܣɫĮһ緽ţԪţղԼкȻЩĪĶ⣬뿴᲻¶ʲôı飬
ģ
ҵճŮ绪һҲ
һûɫұ㲻ţ㿴ˣǴƽ²ļҵģ
вӿΪװĸЩ¶ʲôֻӣü˳۵ص
ˡֻǽͷŮޱӵۣʵڲãӴ˴ĪҪͬҼƽϡ
֪ģԽǶţֻԽǶȤ˳ԸûȤԻȥѰġ
Ȼ⻰һԪһҭ˲úһȭ޻һԼԼȡֵĺͯʱ㰫ǰŮһأذүһǽͷ
˹ˣŮ˵һŭˣȴʲôҲûУ˳֮Ը
Բ˵Сųȴްֽ֮ࣿ
ڰ֣϶ٴЩĲͣ
ˣӿȻƽϣ㣬ԵʵǰǷң
Ϻ޲΢һ£Ȼ
ŮǰδӣͷһΣүϣҲԷذûãŮôӡ
ʵһ䣬ȻκˣΪҲʱļ䣬תһ룬ϱӵԪ㽣ôܻ⸱ѹлң־䣬߼ܣðԼժ壬ʲô߰뷨
Ԫ⻰΢΢ü˼ҲǣԼǶãŮֲѰŮӣз߶ҲȷԼδġ
ˣЩֵΣѲԼ⣬Żϴˣ
ԪЩһɣҲûٻĵĻʱԴǽͷߵߣйŸԪࣺ
ӣǻҪ£ûԵˣ㲻Ҫڴ˵˰ɣ
һ˼Ԫ
Ȼү¶ŮҲڴ߶ţȸˡ
԰գֽһתȥ
Ԫ㽵ûӦ˼Ѿߺüˣʶǰһ㣬죬ȴֿûʲôٽ£ֻʱѹǣͷҲصҲʻ롣
ԵͷЩ
ˣ˶Զˡ
Ԫ͵ĻͷȻһۣ
û۾𣬻˵
Թһǣּؿڣ
ūԼҪٲ˵үҪָūһˮ
ԪֱԵͷġ
죬ұϡ
԰һ£ﻹƲƲ죬Сţ
Сͺܺÿ˵֮˰Ҫ̭˼ңҲ֪ͼʲô
㶮ʲô
ԪЩ㣬ȫԼӵǿţǷȻҲ֪¶ҪиȣҲֻ㬵ر죬
ԪŲǰߣԽԪʱʱ΢΢ӣ͸˵䣺
ҴС¶㻹֪٣
Ҳ̫ˣֻ֪ǰúҳ˵¶غСµģһ죬û̫塣

ǰЩС̽
үͻȻλС¶ôȤ
Ԫ㽶סӣͷƳһۣŵԸϽͷš
ӾǿƣܾúĶ棬ôɿ𣿡
æͷ
ǣūԽˣūŻȥʹйС飬һһʮظү
Ԫתȥø˵ֻǰţ⻹ǲղŷһС
̫ˣʮ꣬ͷһμϡ¶ѲɣԺͬСеľǸǺһ
ֻ飬ģ˳õȷÿЩЩʵģЩ⾰պ󶼻ģɵôڿʼϸСЩŲҪء
ԪΪĥٶǹιڻˣԣڲ¥ͶĹ˸ʹ졣
Ҳϡ棬ڼ竣ȴϲ̻֮أƽЩ檾ˣͷЩˡ
뵽ԪԼжͻȻģЩ֣ʧƳ۶һ¥мһӳʢĺҶȻ뵽ŵĺɫ
֮ͨĶ
һš
ĹӸһлعжŽǰܽ˿תͷԸԵ
Ȼȥ֮ǰȥɻԷǳӶҪˣû׵͵
˲Ӧǡ                        
лҪ˵Ԫ㽣ԪֹҲǣûУҲԸϲģ߹˭䣬Ҫֵˣ˭ҲҶġ
  Ԫ...

 6 

ȴ˵Ԫ㽣ͷһ죬ԼĹ⾰ŲػλƽǽȥԿɾͲҶˣﻹҪճɡ״Ҷӵĺɻ
˵ү⻨ֲʲôֵǮʲ˸ҪʲôܼҽһӦŪõģαԸСıôһ裬Ҫſˡ
ҲŴСԪһʮ֣ʹԼ˵ҲԪţ˱ԹҲδô
˵㲻㻹治ȥйܼðЩźģٲþҪҸȥҸˣƱؾҪҵ¶˵Ҳҵ˶ϰ䣬Ե¾ͼҶù
ôˣ㾹ԣòЩ檹ȥ˻ǣٽѰҵ鷳𣿡
׹ʵϸ룬ƽҲûүȷǴϻûöԵط߹¶ͨϽ¶û¡
߰߰ɣϽȥŹʱһҸĸѪȥң¶ڶ
գû˵ʲôϽԪಽ
ڽˣſڵСĸŽȥ˵үûû˷֡
Ԫ㽸ˣˬػźţԡҲЪˡ
鸮
ʱסԷΨһңϡ
һõ㣬һֻʣһŮͲԸ檣޷ĵĸϣͷ˸ģº͵ģӲŪ
ϧô꣬ҲһֱδܻϣԼϥӵԵʣǶԸΨһСϧ˵ദ䵭ģȴͬĸһ۰
ǰ˵ȾЩ纮Ѱ˼㣬б¸ˣǰɳȥЩθһ£˭֪ˣ˸ա
ЦôüĿģĵ߶߶ССԹʧЦ
ο࣬ŮѾͨһͺˣĶгܹСĵ
ͬף˵ԼŮ̾ϲ⣬ΪŹأǲѿڣ
Сɲ˵ǸˣϾңСǵճҵŮǧǧĪȥЦС㡣
ĵģ˵鶼ϧûԼճݣԸ˵Ĳˣȴǹֹˡ
ﵹǾ޷ĸײЩҲͬ˵࣬ϥӣ˾Ͷȥϣһ顣
ӹѵֲԴǣͬ飬ﾴҲϲ
ãұֻǰᣬ
üЦģ̧ĵ޷Լ޽ǿĳģĸѣ⺢ôЩ飬һΨһͷˣ
úӣǰգᣬúöģǸˡ
£̧ʾ߶Ѿ߳һСľʳУҿϼ䣬̵ĸʳ˲
ЩģԵ±Ѽ㣬б̾࣬ңǰĿζ׼Сϲ
ϰһӦڳֵݸһ˫ӣڴ
죬쳢ŵģΪܳԿȺġ
¼аٰжԲ˵ſӳһڣȻǼϤǿڡ
˵ûʲôûģɶĻ꣬ʵѾܾúܾûԹķˣʲôζû뵽Ȼлᣬһγ
óԡ
ģȻóԵġ
ϣ߿ޣ֪˵ϻܻϲҲֵÿϲ
Ͼôһؿģÿ˶˳ʵڳԲˣŻѾ߰ѷ˳ȥ
СϲԺ͸͹Щ⼸θں񲻴ãݺЩ
ҲۣԼļϵСŮձ˻£һ˲̡
Ľӹ˪ҶݹӲ˲죬ͣ
ǣܵ˿ճȻʤ
жõˣãһһţˣֻͶұûԵ±Թһ˵
ǰϹֱۣǣţ뵽˺¶΢΢ü
ûдͷĵµĴתٴΣҲϴˢԼҲһʲأ㵽Ⱳӵ尲ͷϡ
ıŴӱϵȨƸ޶ʳͻ˵Ĺʵڶġ
۳ɫ֮Щÿ΢΢ʧ񣬾֪ʲô¶ˣһģȴ¶Ҳö๣ֻñؾأȰ⿪ˡ
СҲĥԼˣǺúӣȻҲбĺжõǧӭȢȥġ
ȥסĵģ̧ͷԼɫȰ
үˣңϣСǰǣ컹ͬ˵ֻɫҪҲգֻǿҵİɣҪѡҲǵء
⻰ǵͷĬ
Ӽᣬ˵Щվ
ҽ˿С㣬ﰲˣʱҲˣȻȥСҲЪϢɡ
㡣
ҲͳԺӣʱ˪ҶҪ
С㣬ճմЩұˮСϴһ°ɣ
ĵͷͬ˪Ҷһȥ᷿
Ժ麣լǽôˡ⾰Ҳ໨Ժˣֻʣô䣬֪ʲôʱѾȿˡ
ǵ尲ս鸮ʱԷĿĵģʱ尲Ļϲ˼ңֺİ㣬ҲĸԸأҪ
ฮԷҲЩ麣ȼ꣬Żصңһ۱Ժӡ
尲߸ŵС񣬼ľګȤ尲ҲϲԣԺǿðɣ£ԹԵؿǼû麡
Ҳ֪Щû
ֻҪǸģ糯һģͿʼֹסطۡ
ֲԵģһ㣬ȴҲ޷ԡ
˺һһŵ尲ǰʯϣ֣Щʣ
үﲻԺЩغѧʵ飬ЩſĻΣ
尲һ㶣ָţȻܾǰҲôʹ
ΪʲôҪСϲĻأ㣿
ʱŶʮͣԼ뿴뽲ƫҪſںһ˵ûͷһ᣺
һӣжٵ֪˵ˣѧˣ֪ѧʡ⻰ｲ˺ܶڵƷеģϸţа
ôȥˣһµأ·졣
Ļӣδȥ͸κεֻżʱ򣬾̲סԺĻ߿ЩĻ
һҳֺȻ뿪鸮󣬶̶ܾˣδڹԼһѡȴǰκʱ˲Ρ
ΨһԲģֻ


 7 

ʱŲڣľɣ꣬ܿѣԼȨһһգȴ˺ܶںĶ
Щ꣬Ψһģİ⣬ҲģҲ
ǰյ¥鸮ҲĵŮӵĹ鷿İ㣬ܻϰ֣żϷ֣ฮ¼š
ʱ尲ʱ˵Ǻ֣ÿÿۺЦ⣬繵ػ˵ƵŮӣˮȵ˼ٵһС
˵ʱ򣬴δɵʱ򣬲ƽĳĻԼݡ
뵽üĿ۽Ŀڶʹ
޼ɵأȥ˺Լˡ
尲ָ鱾ı߽ǣ˫ʧЩն
֪ģ˻һ̿ʼѾֻ˴ǰһУ񻹻ʲôʲôʸ
ʡ
վβܵ棬Ե޷֡
񡣡
Ļͬ͵Сɫ£Եü˳۵Ӧţ
˵
尲ӻļвóһţݸ
ȥŽ鸮˪Ҷ㡣
ǲԸţĻǰĮһֻһʱдţ֪ԼĿѹȲѣġ
Ҳֻ㰲οԼˡ
¶ɫӦ½ӹȥغ˼תȥ

ȴ˵Ԫ㽣ռν˺󣬱Ϊȴе룬˯Ⱦˣȴҹζܹ࣬ʱּС㡣
أٲģ壬Լδĳʵʵڣǽͷһ滨Ʈ֮ʣһ۾޵ģġ
Բ˵ٴε֮ʱ¾ĪЩ֮⡣
꣬δ鰮ģջ켣һȺ竹֮Ժ֣ͷһĸܣֻʡ
ùţƽ˳鿣Ԫ㽻Ϊĸǵ˸Ŀѵ˭뾹յġ
㸸˵ѾôЩʱˣҲɣû£ԼҲ֪ˣɽĸڰݷ⾩еԹҶδ䣬㸸˼ǣӽ͸һȥݷЩ˼ң࿴һ£պ㣬Ҳи׶
ԪˣȴȤĸһ裬ſڣ
ҲȥڹϣѴԼЩǧ𣬸ûϲ֮ǽᣬǶׯľګû˼
ƽЦŰ˰֣
㽶˵ʲô㵥˵ϼЩҪȥݷõģƷ飬ʹ˵ĸУһճŮ˵ļãѧҲûģǰЩʱձ˻飬ǴֹУǺʱ򡣡
Ԫ㽸һƽңüͷ΢΢˵ҵճŮ˹飬ЩĪĲã
˻飿˭˵ģ
СǰŮӣҪ˻飬ǸĪӳȥҪȢӲɣ
ƽȴΪԪ㽲˵ԭŮ˹ˣæͣ
˵Ůβòű˻飬ǰδ򣬽Ǵһӣǵͼޣ֪ôةฮңǴةһɽܣ£תةʥϴͻԼŮˡ
Ҳϡ棬ѰŮӵ˻飬ҲҪڸģҵģƽãʵ㲻Ĵһӱ壬תͷȴСģҪȢ˼ңǻʹǰһࡣ
㽶ǶȻûпӺĵڸ£ȥһˣҲÿ⴫еҵŮǺη緶
Ԫһ˲䣬Щԣĸ֪ʵѾС㣬ǹ½ǣе鲻˵ֻ֪һ֣Щ˵ĸо
ĸǰ֣ȷЩϧֹΪЩΣ϶ʲôѰ֮ҪȥҰݼȻЩᡣ
ĪһУҪгֵעҪЩֻ뵱ֹͣ˽֮ˣԸΪԼ
ĸӽЩʣǲȥ˰ɡҲ
㽶Ϊʲôһ𾩳еǧ̬ȣ
ƽüͷ΢΢ţоԼʲô˵飺
òǣ˽ѾʲôõĹ˰ɣǡ
ֹ¶ɫؿԪ㽡
Ԫ㽱񿴵âڱ˲֪ĸˣҲæ⣺
ĸ

úúãвУȥӸȥʲôƾĸ׵İš
ƽЭüЦҲӭԪε񣬻ϲϲӦźãתͷԸѾʰݷȥˡ
ԪŴԴԵص˱һתͷͷЦꇘأ˲һ̧߹ȥ̱㿪
үүС֪ˣСҲЦˣء
ĺŬ죬Ԫ㽺޺޵صһۣٿȴ˼ţ
йǸģΪʲôԼߵĶ㲻
أ£ͻء
ԺңԱ߾кüãЩδҶҲдУмɫصĵǺɫʱҡȣ΢΢ɢЩĵȡ
˯֮ʣ۳ɫ˪Ҷֽɡʱһ
С㣬Ҫˣ»ǽݣˣҪȥҺͰɡɡȱţȥŲá
ĵ˵ͷӦá
ȻһյĹ򣬶οʼϻϣϸϸܵԺϲСεδأÿ
ϲľɫǰʱΪܳÿÿҲֻʱ԰һЩϸ
ⳡմʪӻ꣬Ǳ߶ƽѴԪ˸УŰݼĵĸϣһ̸ͬС
ΪĸȻ֪鶮ƽ̸ֻţ֪ô˳Ƴҵĺϡ
ҶֹͬҺүէ⺢̫ӣ˵·ЦǰòŸս˽ա
ƽתͷԪһֻۣͷЦͬ˵γֻ֪Ԫ㽣ȷһ˲ţݰĿǣͣͬҰƥģݵλ٣ܵøҵ֣գ
뵽ϸϽ˳ƽӻ
Ļĺӣ緢ʵƷòǷ׿ĺúӡ
ƽ⻰ȻϲЦ⣬˵ʮãһϷָϽŵ
罫СŮ£Ҳʶһ£պһԺ飬Ҳ˵ϼ仰
˵ƽȻһԸ⣬ôڽСأɶѾᵽԸˡ
ҲδԪ㽵˼ͽ˵
˵ǣҲд⡣
ϼ״ϲϽתͷԸߵӣ
죬ȥŪСС
лҪ˵Բң

 8 

ʱſ˯ˡ
޷䵽ⲻסûҡȵֱϲٻζ
˪Ҷһӣʱʱ̧ۿԼСûбܵʱԺűͷƿ˪Ҷ㿴Ժ裬մɡʯ̨ϡ
˪ҶվӭֻЩ⣺
ôʱˣء
ѾƼԼ˯ŵСˣҲǶʱʧЦ
˴Сȥأ죬СߣСǰղǷ纮պã´ҪȰοЩͷ˯ˣ˿ôã
˪ҶӦţתȥ߶̧ļֵػ
С㣬СѣҪഫС㡭
˯ò˿˪ҶдƵģĺܿ΢ɵ˫ˡ
ǰ˸
Сױ
˻ȥأƽӰūţλ˱ʹˡ
ĳЩûӦ˵ƽ˲ѹüĿһݣ
ƽλӣ
ǡ
Ӧˣü˳۵һ
СҿʰţūлȥҲЩȥԺĪҪ÷˺͵ȼ˲źá
㴹ͷǡ
ɡԶˣ˪Ҷģ֪һ£
С㣬˯ˣū澴ǰԺŵһλСˣ˵䣬ฮСүһλİһţҪҽ
ū澲գСͻʾţСѹš
ͣ½Ų΢΢򴽣
գУһӦСɣҲԸô
˵⻰ɫѾΪ䵭ûзǰ͡
˪ҶӦˣ΢æƺ˵Щģ
С㣬˵ӣλӣūôδ˵
ͬһߣ
ǲǰմӷǵƽӣԪ㽣㲻֪ҲλӲºͺ룬ƽղμӼҲŮԶԶģңҲǰռһΡ
˪ҶȻӦˣЩ죺
ĪգǽͷĪסȥ·λ
Ķһ£

˵ţŬȥ룬ǰʶԪҪЩһΣʱȴÿÿܼ
ͺʲôΪظıˡ
ȻֽҲֻܱˮڣȻƽôԪԸԸֻţע⣬Լǰ˽⣬ԼõŮӣϲνĸĸ֮ý֮ԣʱɰȻ
뵽ʹԼЩطﻻѣϴ˰Ҳʩ֬ˣ泯ȥԺ
һȥͿĸ϶λԱߵλӺݻĸˣֻԶԶؿһۣ֪ǰĸƽ
ƽ߹ҲƫͣżʱױɿĻǳ⣬ʱǼġ
£Ԫˡ
°ɫ·ЩɫİƣŶЩУĴӣ㿪޿Ŀ⣬ŷȴǲԾմǽͷĻģ֮󣬵룬ĪЩЦ
ĸ״Ȱ𰲡
˵ţֲӣλ
ƽһģȷоһƳ֮⣬ֻ䴫ţżҲ˼䣬ԼǺŮӣȴû뵽С㣬ͨʣòҪ֡
죬
⺢ӣǳؼõİ
ƽ˵ţϣϵЦŵ˵ͷ
佱Ҷ֮ҡ
Ѿվֱӣϳ֣˳߹ȥס
ƽȻ⼫ˣС㣬Ҳ֪ģ˽߳ȴδմȾЩŮְ轿֮ʵѵá
תͷԼĶԪ㽣˼˹壬ܵŮޣҲܶȰ벻ǣ
ֻҲ֪㽶룿
ƽ֪Ƣ⣬ٺõŮҲҪģֻֻûһƲŮִֹУûеʱϸ顣
ѽúӣԽԽϲ
Ԫ㽲֪ԼĸһȰЦʲôֻ֪Լаˡ
ϴḷ́ĵͨ͸һݱ׵ޣȹڴ˲ɽ衣
ϲЩ֮ɫ֮Ρ뵽Ԫ㽲ٿ߬ȻǹΣڲ֪ĳһյҹ䣬ģϼױģ
Ȼ¼ǲȴʱѹʱµ
Ԫ̧ǿĸͬ˽̸δע⵽Լˣ͵͵Ƴȥ
ţȹڳشϣòƺλ̸δߣԼȥĿ̫ȣ۽ƳЩȴҲֻܵس΢΢ףֶı鶼ޣתƿĿ⡣
Ԫ̧ʶԼǰ˿༫ã˵ѹӣǰƽϷʱԻ˵йתżһ
㲻ÿжȴҲ㲻ϳɣΪÿμһö࿴ģ
ԪͷһΣЩССĴ֮Уʮ߰ˣʲôͣ°ͨѾϣڼжһǵȢһӣڴ֮ǰԼ⽻
ɱϾҲǸͨˣӵĸ߹ݣǸģδڵ꣬òһȤأ۵Ĺ˼ȴʮϡ
ְԼŮгȻ˭һҲ֪ĸ࿴һȻҲܴ²³Լĸġ̬ȣƲġ
Ԫģָ֪о˵Ҳ㲻ϣЩԺڴưڵ˶ѡ
۳ţƵض豭һڣʱʱߵѾߵͷＸ䣬ȴʼգûٿ
Ԫڴ𴦣˿̣ûЩâڱĸоҲ˿
ԸûȤԻȥѰ˼Ůӣ䲻֪һΪγͶȤȴҲʵڲ벽ĺ󳾣֪˿ɵУȻЩȴҲɽͰѹ˴뱨ǰĳѰƽ͵ķɣúùⱲӱաģ಻ˡ
ͷԽԽ֮ƣʵƽ֮ʣǻδһģֻû뵽ɫ䣬ûþͳơ
ƽǣֻµ󣬱ҲҪЩϵģ΢СЩߡ
ѾӱۼֿźһβˮתͷȥС˳Щϸĸڸ϶һݡ
Ԫ㽲ϲЩʳԭʹ㲻һµģȴаϸָ⣬һСŽ񡭡΢΢Цһ£
ôó
ηͬĸ˵ǹӸ⣬ԭûʲôϡģڣǸŹѧģʱĸͬ˵ĵĸǹ
ֲãСϲ԰ɣԲô˾θڣնѧˡ
Ԫ̲סҲһ۳һҲš
ϸʳƺƺζĲ
ֻԲͷԼӲ֪ʱ˫Ӷ𤵽˼Сˡ                        
лҪ˵ϲдһĶĹ̡

 9 

ͬƽЩеûģƽһֱ²һҲϳȻֵˣҲͷš
ƽм䣬ҲἰԼһҸմƽϷضէģҪ߶ͬӶ֮ýʣͷǣȫ
˵˵ţȻԪ㽵ѧʣ
ǰƽϵԺѧпɣ˾ǣδѰźʵԺ㽶ҲЩӣʱѧֻ֪֣ˡ
ϾЦţһ᣺
⾩кüԺҲѹۣ֪´ԺΪǸǼõģȥԣСŮһѧӣǴѧ֮ˣҼŮˣͬ˵ء
ƽһȻ£ļҸĸԼŮѧʣͨأֻ㽶竳ԣϲЩϰֶ飬һȥأ͵á
õԺɵȥơ
ֻ˼˻ǵŮ˵Ҳ´Ժһݶͣ㽶ȥˣҲһϰԣϽء
ߣȵѰݷ壬Ҳܼ˲ٵճŮȴҲûһŮһ㣬ϲġҲţһȥԺ飬ӳϦദģ㽶֮ʱȢ޳ɼ֮ʱˡ
ƽ̴ž/ž죬⻹δͬأԪ㽵Сźˡ
ԪأԷ𣬾ͶʧҲû̫ĸ˵ʲôֻԼԼʲôԺʲôһ
ԶģΪԼǸ³ʲôĽӴҪõģǺûᣬȫԴʱڣĸλη˱ӣȻ˭¶ˡ
תƽϵķȻ죬ߣȴͻȻ˵ˣ
ˣǰգűǸʲôҵС˹飬ٿ˵˾ܾĻѱ
ѹİɣΣֹغͷ˶ԴﶨҲ᲻ܵġ
뵽Ԫ㽼ãȴôҲ˿ˣ
ԪʵӲºͣҲʱһֱˣ¶ֻܰԼԸģԼĵ㣬ȴͷһΣΪ˶ίԼ
ˣϾǸҡ
Ԫ㽴һƽЦӯӯԸԸͬСһͬȥǸ´ԺʱûٳɣӦ
лĸη˵ջֹԸ⡣
ʱüЦԵҲһϲɫԪ㽱ҲЦЦתͷȥȴһƼ΢΢ʧģ
ܹǲϲӡ
Ԫһִ֮ٴϮҲ΢̾
ֻһȥԺѣֲףʧ䣿㿴
ѹĲӿȻȴû˷ŵƵˡ
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ʱͷѾ¹ȥˣС࣬ƽ˵ǣ˵ǻȥͬүúһ£ʱͬһȥԺ
ƫͷԪһ⣺
㽶Ǹˣõ𡣡
Ԫ㽲֪ĸ«ʲôҩŴȴ͵ĺһͣƽѾлؽáˣ̧ͷ˿ڱ΢ЩнɫȻܵĳƺ·Ҳûôʱˡ
վ۷䣬ȻߵǰԶӭ˵Ŀ⣬ͷһس˸Ҿ
ãˣԺٻᡣ
ร񣬶ׯ󷽣ͣ
үߣˡԶ͡
ԪЩǵЦ⣬ãû뵽һ̣ͬ˵ϻ֮ǰ˼ôЩ֮ĪṴ˻ǣ˼ã˼۶ûôֱһǵĻҲĿ֮²òأſ˿ڡ
СҪǵ˼ԼԲ
Ԫĸ̤żϺѾӸųͣʶعͷȥȺ棬ֻͣ˼㲻ǰ
תȥסɫȻʱԼʧưģĪʱͲˣ
ȴʲô޴֪ˣ˵ԼǺ˼ֻ֪С㲢ǰ㣬ǱǰھмЩǧҪЩġ
Լ֣˼ҺΣЩڵʱ򣬷˼ѾˣԼˣͻԴЩί
Ҳǹģֻİˡ
·ƽǶ϶ãԪ㽻ŷǾ䡰á֪ôĪЩûĸõģоͦʡ
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ԪͻȻڣͬһƽͣ˻û˵Ļ
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Ԫˣ˼Ҳûʣֻÿǿķȥͷ
ꤹڹټҴʯϣһ·ˮ۶ȥԶˡ

ҹȴֺ¡¡豩꣬Щģɫ˲ڣ˲磬ѭΪġ
ฮԷ
尲оѣѴƫŶյƣغ齵᣺ûг
ͷСǷ꽻ӣŴδͷɢƽȣֻŰɫ£Ŀ͵ڴϡ
μʱԼĸܾ/裬С²ʳʱԵĶȹ硣
ⱲӶ޷ȴجΣӰ
Ľãǰ붼Ĵ£ˣ±Ҳǰˡ
ƴһҲҪӵȨƺ͵λʲôƷУʲôж֮־Ψһ֮֮İ㶼
ˣҪһжˡ
ɷһ꣬ˣͷ·ֻصǰǶβ׵ĹС
֮ʣЩֲξʵ˺ܾãֱ˵ƣع
ڼţеҪҪЩȲѹѹ
ϻ΢΢ţ˿ȴʲôȲѹǰ鸮ÿÿڴʱجΣ㶼ᱧ뻳οġ
㣿İأ
尲˿̺ЩҲجεĴ̼ӴײײƿҪ֣˵Զ滨ľԣϸľг
лҪ˵ʱ٣̼

 10 

źֻǰͬĴӶ鵽»Լʱ䣬ԷĶʣ޼ģ廳ȥľ
߹ľԵӵƵˣý尲ܿĸЩ
尲òЩǱģīɢңɿ壬ЩֵǮĶʧ
Σε߰˾ʱŹЩ˿ڿ֡ϴİ̺ۡ
ĸף񲣬޷Ŀ͵һԣۿ۵˺ѷεĿ޺
ЩÿÿȭӣڵϣǰЩʩ֮˳Ц
ĺúޡ
ƾʲôһҪĿѣһƴոһգ긴һ꣬ĥԺ֪ȥֱӽͼһ
Ҳδ˵ֻܹԱůһڷ絲ıӻ֮ү޶Ҫزɡ
ǣǰ㡭
һΰ㣬̧ͷ㿴
ʮ꣬δ˸ɾĹݣͤͤ
ʱ㱻ΪԼȻˣϵӣ䣬õ
ʱ򻹲֪ǸıһĹˡ
ſڵϣԸԸȥۿССͣ˰ȴ
һزİܣǻţӦҲͬһ󡣡
ʱ˵⻰ʱüĿҶϧ벻Ǹ
ȥֻΪİݣز۵ĵճӣݡ
˵бּ˸ûҪɶ˵ȴ콵֮꣬
ԭԨͶ֮䣬־䣬ˮ֮УָΪ˵һС
尲ȥˣǶõӣһʱ޿̲Լһģİĸ֮ˡ
ֵػԱߺŵ񣬶ԷǰԸ
֮ǰȥţнߵ˪Ҷ
¶ɫҲʵش
ӣ鸮С˲ūȥģ˵ǴΪת˪ҶūҲ֪ˡ
尲˲Ťͷ죬ȴֹ
ˣֵͬɿĵزϸ˼µģֻģҲ֪ûС
ǣҲûյ𣿡
ҡҡͷ尲йǸľһԣϢˡ

ʱã´ԺսˣˣǰʱԺǶҲģȻ˻飬尲ԼΪűӣҲҼûȥ´תȥԺˡ
ֺֻȻԪҲȥ´˿ôãǰûƽһζȻҲûԪȥ´Ժ飬ƽһҰ󣬷ڹϼԪ㽵һġ
δ֪ıʣһʱЩ޴룬ֻһһˡ
Ž磬Ÿ׻δȥϳɶȥλ밲ˡ
кЩûŮ֮ط˺֣ʥҪ鲦£νæòɿͣҲż죬סڻ˾
˿͸װ˵Сˣòغٶѹ϶˼Ц⣬
ðţ˻ûױء
ԱߵѾ˳ȥٽſֱס
ˣгЩţմСĿζʡxingá
ǡ
Ѿ߳ȥԺϲӣתͷϸͬţ
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ڻ֮£û׮Ի࿴õ˼ҡ
͵Ӧ£ⲽ߹ȥһ黨
ʵҲ˼ˣϱӵĵģڵģ˻ֻ֮Һ͵Į
ֻúТǶλԼΪŮı֡
һһʳϰڵļСԵЩ̧ۿ˿ףǰֹסᡣ
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ʱһ죬˵ԼҲҪȥ´Ժʱ˳ˮ飬ȥܷӡ
ӣƽԻϸͨϵǷĻԱԺܷĶʦʱҲǴϸ·Ĺˣƽƴܲġ
Ȼǿܵ㲻ΪԪ㽵Ļ£ƾƽʥеĵλҲ˼ֺһ
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ɣӦӦ¡
ֽ֪ԼϾҪӦ¡Ԫ㽣ЩŵذŪŵҡ
ӽգĺÿ𣿡
΢ЩһԵԣȻǲ˼һ䣺ÿѿڶ
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ħˣôô뷨أѲɽģҪ
УԲС
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һԵԲһûƼǰһΣԭǰӾͲӰæ׷ȥԼӣ
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ʲôˮ𣿽㺦£
ԪºѾ˷˼һгġáȻڴԴЩ飬¶⡣
߽һȻ಻סؿڣ
ղÿɰã
߳࣬ͷȥʺȴֻÿһŮ΢ͷйҲ̧ǵü˳۵ģ
үһжá
Щ룬ʵ˵̶ֳ˵㵭ȻǶԵģԪЩΪ֮˼
۽޲˲ֶǸ͵˼
ʲôŮ֮飬ֻĪģºܲ㵭Į̬ȵضԴԼ
Ǽ޹ġ                        
лҪ˵˺öҹʱɫƺͷηװ֣һдԣҴպſɹ

 11 

֪Ԫ㽵뷨ֻҪŵðΪ֪ܶŪˣͨصٵ֪Щǰ飿
ãԺұҲԺˡ
ԺʵǴҸҲϤܲܣϣ
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ĵ׺ȻӿЩͣζ˦鷳ȴôҲ˦ַꡣ
˼ӣͬ˺İӾͿԲˣرӣǱ裬ֻ²
ĵͷԪ㽿ĵطҧҧ´
ãܰĵүʤҡ
̧ͷȻɫԺ֮ǰһ޲Ԫ΢ϣĿЩϲ
߰ɣүȴȥܷӡ
΢΢˸ӣתȥǰ棬̧ԺԪиԣһͬȥġ
һȥ浹޵ļãշתۣЩԺе£ֵܶ࣬εأϡǣ¹ŵĲĻһġ
ӶֵܷģʲôƷ֣ʤڶʦΪȡ߷ڡ֮⣻
ƽͣ߱˵ͨò͹ԳԪţȻоļЩСɦ
黭ͷӣоǴҵī࣬ҲԺһЩͬļүϾʱ䣬Կ
Ԫ㽸ػȴδ˼ߵһת۴Ԫ֮ǰȹڸ䣬Զ
Ԫ㽣ǹģε֡
ܴ󣬰˴ʮŰмĻѾвֹӹˣںֽʫ飬һԵѾСڰæĥī
ǸǧұǹүǣȻҲұߣλãҪܷӵİš
Ѿ˵ЩͷȻʶĵģҲв֣Ԫ㽣Ǿ¹ƽӣģȻ̧۴һյĹһȥأ˶֪ԺλˣǱС㻹Ҫˡ
˿ʼ˽
󣬺βȥԺ̫ӵҲڵģ档
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ǣС㣬Ҳһʼѡ´ͷйֲһ仰¶˼Ҳûȥֻ
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ãЩ£Һǲ⣬ôΪ󡣡
ʵûȥ鸮ǰĸģҲ˵ԺãЩļλΪûȥأ
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ǵĹǣ԰ѺԺݵλŮͽȥģһӦҲҪȥѧɳܵʥϻŹԱʶߣҲĺȥʶ̫ӵ»ӵܣһ͹֮͵ˡ
ƫƫʸȥģȴѡ˽ŵڶ´Ժ
ԣһ²ӣּǰߣֻĻ
ʱڸ׵鷿ܷӣĽĲѧȣں֣ҸĸҲϸϸãȻѯʹ̫ӵº󣬲˵Ժа̫࣬ݬ룬˽ȥֻΪʸߵȨȥˣʲôҲѧ˵ĸϰԣ񲻿ϧ
һ٣ֿڵ:

ĺȻͣתԪ㽣΢΢¶ЩЦ⣺
ǺˣҲȥܷӣҲֱӵתͷȥĺԷ
˵⻰ûʲôȴ͸ЩڼԪֻһ˲Ͳ³ͼתȥԷԶԶģ
ߣ
ȻˣԪ㽾ԼҲ˷һ⡱ǣ
ǣ÷Ų˵˺ֲãȻˣλԸȥǸԺ
˵⻰ʱ޹שأļΪǴĻ˵Ƶģ±һƣܲܳ˵ҪһԵ
Ҳܵһ֮ʰ
˵ʱ򣬲Żǿ˵ĻЦһЦԪ˼ΪЦأԭ¹ʱ򣬵ǻî˾أЦصغƭ
´ģȻֻ˵ֲã֮ˣȤҲһ͵ݣͬ㽲һ´Ͽ
Ŷ
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㵥˵ܷӣѧϻ۹ɻãӻľګϰãҲҪǽǰְ壬зġ
ⳭɲʲôСĿܷǹ߰ѧЩƪ۵ģһ֣ǳԣǲУҪҲˡ
䣬ԪȻ΢΢üͷҲ֮ͬ⣺
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߰ɣü·ȥλܷӡ
ǹ΢Цʱ̣һһȥԼҲԼ̫ļԪİһˣǰƤ˵ƣҲᶯҡֺ
ѹźۼ˿תȥŷŵķǰߣһ·ٲͬԪ˵ʲôˡ
Ԫ۽ƼиӣȻЩС˼Сʵϲ̲ס붺һ
ƫſڴԷСͯɹֻģæܹ
ҽ㣬ûܷӵĿΣġأܷӵģ
Ӧţȥʾͯб󷽵Ԫ㽣
ҪܷӣλƽӣԺݼӵġ
ɷͷ㴫һȥ
СͯӦ£ȥ˸

Ԫ㽱ŲӸȥ;ߣ˼ĿбӵأһȥԺϽ뿪Įӡ

ͣνǷʤ
ӻʲôԸ𣿡
Ԫ㽺ܾöûп۳ͯѾͣת¶ɫؿһ취ҲûУЦ
үҪǻ¾ͬ˵û£һҪػȥϿΣܵµġ
Ԫ㽴ƺ˼ʲộſڣ
ãҳʱͻ㣬кǱǸԭһ
ܵͣȻȴͬɫྶͥ΢΢ɫЩ졣                        
лҪ˵ÿ춼ǧģǰҵΣһڿ޷ոˣΪҪѹ񣬣̫ղ̫ռȲûɹպϰ˾ͻӸĶϣܹ½⣬ллƪ޷ոԾǱ

 12 

һ㶣ôҲû뵽˵ľȻЩ
⻹ǸԪǵǰɴӲ̬ȥϴģĴҲϾġ
̫࣬ҲΪͻ仰˷磬Ͻ
ˣ
ҴûΪǼ¹㣬Ҳ˹һԺҶ֣ͬǸϽͯȥ˼ٵˡ
˵꣬һ񣬴ͷȥٿ
ݣҪͷȥϿء
ʵȴҲǿ׻ΪĮҲȷű˼ӱ
û뵽ӣ߲ҲͰˣȻͬǸ
ŪһʴԼʲôĶ¶۸Ƶġ
Ԫ㽽ҭû˵ǿڿ˵ˣȻɫ̬Ȼǲ䲻ȣʵ겻
Ҫ£ҲܼһʱԪҲֻõͷͯ鷿̤żǰһֿ̣ƲסתͷȥѾתͷʱķ߻ȥ
ĪǶ˭⸱ģһˣ
Ԫ㽻벻ףô󣬳ЩܶŹӵ⣬û˭㲻ġ
ͷβͷһͷȣԪͻȻЩĪԹ
̫Ͷ룬ܷӵĻûϸ˼ܷһˣ˼ôǸӣҲǺܹضضؽ̻֪˴ڷܣûϸ
Ҫ֪ˣĴӵۣ׼Ҫ߶ʮһһ䲻֪̻˵
аԪ㽱õ࣬ɶһ񲻱Ļ磬Ա߾ġ
еĹС㣬СѾߣԲλõȺԪʶתͷȥѰԣȴƳײһƿĿնԼɫȹڡ
һ˲Ȼ͵תͷȥͷֹ
ǸǶȣÿԿǸصĵطţȹ΢ȥЩ¶һСϸ׵ĵĽףһʮ鴮
ӣӡ
Ž̨ϷӵĽ˵жԪЩͣʱĿΣһҲûȥ
ȵһѧҲƵ뿪ֽʶûüʰ´һˡ
Ի˯أԱһԼûӰϽҰѶܡ
һһһСĶ˪ҶӰˣתͷԼСʰС죺
ܵÿ湻ģū澼ǵƽջ˵ѧʰ֣ԺҲû
ŵԪ㽶¶ͶˣԼСҲ̬ȲȣȻ˴ŵ˳ڱһ䡣
϶ûͣѼ֧ϸսʺȻȴ˪Ҷ
ܱӣѧʣٳЩϮλͺˣҲԪĻ׹ݡ
˪ҶԼҲʶԼ⻰Ĳ֮æϴ
ǣū֪ūԽˡ
ĴʱѾʰ˶ѹŵ˪Ҷ
ûй˼ֻͷȼǽеĺá
˪Ҷ˵ͷڳͶһԺ
ǰЩѧˣǿҪƵģƿǰԸ΢Щڴ֮ǰصá
سڣԪ㽻Ǹ飬˫ʧ񣬴ǰմżӲתһ¡
˼룬Ҳ벻ʲôԸֻǺȻСԼӵԱ߲ԶӦĪΪǸС㣿
ԪǰһΣ
ү쵽ˣһ·ˣʲôҲ˰ɣ
ԪڻͷƳһְۣһȥˣȻû˵
ԵʱˣҴȥವأ
ү˵òġ
ǡ
ѵûһ
ûС
Ԫ㽴ϵĺǼʱҸնֱ֮Ҫ̫ԣȻ
үһû˭أҲû˵ʲô¶ڴ˵Щʲô
Ԫޱת
ٶһ䣬ӾͰӳȥ
ϴЦ˲̣һ±Ԫͬޱ飺
ū֪ˣūҲ˵ˡ
Ԫйصȭһ棬һ͵͵졣
ѵǸˣǰ㵭Įֻˣҵġ
˵ãţȴܸоү˵Լġ
Ҹģ˵ĶѾжˣ㲻ǱӵĴˣСֲֻһҺôҲһӣƾûشң
´Σ´ˣҲǰˣȻԵû档
̾ǰүֻǸЩ壬ϲŭ޳竣񣬾ǶЩˣأλСôأԸˣҪ»ؼС㣬һյĹҪԾذŲȥˡ
ϵȻô˵Ȼ˳Ԫ㽵
ү˵̫ˣūΪˣʼҲֻǺ棬¶֪ĲˣС㲻ʶ̧٣Ҳ߸ߵضүļȲ
ԪһֻһѪӿôôƨĵϵūţ
ʱ򣬲Ӧ취Ȱο𣿻ɿ
Ԫ㽵͵͵һ
ٶ˵һ䣬İӳȥ
ԸϽʶסͣ΢΢ӿڣٲˡ
Ǩŭ͵Ǩŭ
ؼŭԡ
Ԫҿ˿һƻľϵĲ豭һصطŻϣЩ긺ζ
´Ժѧ󲻵ӣɫȻƹأҵһС·Ҫҵʱ򣬶οʼɻˡ
˪ҶһԵİﱧһ۵ԱЩ磬Сĵظϣ
쳱ʪСǧ򲻸ˡ
Ľ˽ӼĶдֽӹ˪Ҷ˹Ȳ裬һȥԻů
ǣȴȻͣĲ⣬˪Ҷ̾תƿ
壬ôȻͣˡ
˵ţʶ̧ͷǰȥԽԽֱͣٳ
尲
һˣɡǰ֮ңҲ̧ͷ⿴ȥ׾ʹ˪ҶĿյ˭
ɫŵĳٿ߬˸Ȳ硣
һǰһԪ㽻ˣȻһĵġ
Ȼϵ尲ģ˿̱ЩΪѣתĺ˪Ҷ
С㣬⡭
˪ҶȽѳ¡
Ĳδ̻ش𳵷򣬷˪ҶȽͷ˵Ŀ尲ɵãβ֪˾Ƕ뿴һۣȻҲ˲ɫףɡָⶼЩס
ޱض˽ս˫ֳ˿̲ƽ͵˪Ҷ΢΢ЩǵؿԼС㡣
С㣬ū澰߰ɣ⾩˾֪๫Ѿͬة֮Ů£ԲȣūͲﲻߡ

 13 

䣬Ļػ˪ҶȻѾͷתһҪúýѵͷ˵ģ
ȴڸת֮ʣͱһס
ȥ
˪ҶعЩؿġ
ο˷ѿͬ๣
ջ֣Ѿ˪ҶδģһŮв¶ɱ
壬๫ÿ·ǹҵģ·ҵִ¶ˣ㾶ֱײȥˡ
ͻȻθߣȻƽʱȴľڸպùͷֻ尲΢΢ʧЩΣϾʹɫ
ͷ޶Ȼ·˼ȹڣּ:
Ҫ๫Ѫ֮סʱǧҪȥة˸״һ˵ҵĲǡ
ٶׯŲɸ˵Ļȴᣬɱġ
尲ȥˣǰȥͣǰˣԽͲ͵͵ػ
㡣ҡ
๫ӡ
ĳԶ׼İӶ
ҳԣɲ˵˭˲ֻ֪һݣڶǰѾزۣ๫ӿڿҰ㣬֪ӵĳƺ
Ī๫ӳԴҩǰˣ
尲꣬һֶǰ˼ߵԲࣺ
㣬ҡͬ㣬ϴǸġ
ͳĺȻǰʱ򣬷ű˹飬ȫޣԼΰģ롣
ǸʲôⱲӣȡԭ£ܹҪһһֻԭ£ڸԼİõ°Ľڲٻ
Ρ
๫ӡ
أЦһ
һһ๫ӣǹҵ棬ʣΪҽ˼̳꣬ô壬Ʒȫ޵Ķ
һŷȻԹޣ尲ͷʹȴҲ֣ȥƿӣ˼ҹˡ
λ尲֣λǰ˵ϴǸ֪ҼһۣҪԹ޵سԲ·üջϲ
˵⻰ʵԹһѼ⵶ݺݵȥһɫɫ԰׵Ĳ񻰣ʹͷӿ
ɡЩ΢΢Ҳһ˿ʣ
㣬ҶԲס㣬֪ˣ㡭㿴һдţһҵĿԣ㣬㣬㲻Ҫҡ
ѧ;鸮֪ǳʲôȻȥԼȴפڴãСˣ˵żС㲢δ£Լԭⲻķţʱͷһ𣬺Ȼ͸оʲôҪĶʧˣѰˡ
İ㣬ԸţٲԸˣͷЩϣվգһ˲ֻͷҵԸӣȵд˻ʱҪܡ
尲֪ԼƤʲôʶأİ㣬ҪҪôĮشгıûǶθ飬ǻߣȲѣֶ˵
ǰ鸮ʱ˵֪͸ģͻԭĻʱ䱻ͷϣһһֻҪԹ
ȴˣԲȣʲôý
ȻŻȶĴ˿Ҳ޷ţ͵ƿ³Ŵߵ尲ǰ˶ûӦ֮ʣһָֻ߸ߵ˲ʱصػ
ž
ӵУһҲ죬֮ݣ˪ҶʱѾӦɡæ³ţصǰͷ尲ỹִСƵġ
尲ƫһߣۿɼٶ˺ۣоǲţ۽ţûع
Ϊԣûңˣ㱳ǺΪûңѼˣλصңةСܸģҸʮ֣˷֣̰ȨƣʲôŻĽڣ
⻰ֻ˵һΣҲԭ㣬ߣÿ˵һ֣ҾͶһ֣㵫볥ԶҪǰҪҽ㣬ٸĵ尲֣ΪһеһУ㶼䡣
ϴ㶼䡣
ĿȻҧгݣȻ޼ˣƽ˵ĻҲˡ
Ҫֻǲס´پңݹҲһ˿档
գ˲תͷһʹɫǴǰһϧֻһѪӿ޲ĸʲôɫ
ڳ⸱ģ˭㵫һ˿ģ͸ҹǴϸƾʲôһлָԭ㣿˻㣬˵㣬澡ʧҲ㡣
üͷƾ˿ϣʹ һ⣻尲־䣬ֻԼҪϢĿһһػޱȶʹ
һۡ
һ٣һ۾
ҾޱȺڵϹۣѺҵĵֵݵģ
Ļ䣬尲һ嶼΢΢֪ģΪ˵ĻƸЩоŵɡһԵĵϣ˲˶ʪ͸ˡ
СʱǼ񹧽ģ˵УҲѵˣδʧ̬ģǺ޼Ż˵Щ
ܸо۽ģˮһȣ˻ż˵ڶΣû뵽Լ˺Ƥֵѿزһ죬ǰһгϦദʱ⻹Ŀȥ
尲Զڽţһֱ尲ģ᲻Ҫ尲
ѪһһظԼģİֻ˶ѣŵģ᲻Ҫġ
㡭
ʪ͸ˣ޼ҿɹҰèǱ֣ΡΡȴڼڵǰһ̣͵Ķ㿪
˵ˣҽ㣬ฮȥٻɡ
Ĵ˿Ѿƽݼ䣬˪һû˪Ҷ֣غһ
ң
¡
Ӱһתȥٿһۣ죬ת尲ֻնأʻ롪

ΪԼ˸ѣΪֻҪδȢδޣպȨգһоͻתء
ֻΪ
еһжûԤϵǰ㣬İûԭˡ
µ̫ˣһʪ䣬̧ͷŲԶ鸮ſڸ߹ҵҶޱϤĵط˻֮һжʼİ
˵ĻһһػصߣԼֶҪҪ˻飬ľһಡ齣ֻ֪ԼıһͼԺͬһȴ֪飬һ±ˣϦദתͷͬŮӶף֪жѹ
˿֪Լˣղ˵ֻΪĵңԼΪ಻ףԼ֮ͬ䣬ǵһ㣬ΪԹ޵ĺ蹵
ٴ˿̣ʧȥˡ
尲΢زţ̧ͷɾҵϣͬһ
ǰ֮ʱҲʹޣȴδ㣬ƾ仰۵ĺķζҪѿ
ҲŪˣζһˡ
Թ˭أá
ʪ͸ش࣬ʧ˻һ㣬Ųģ뿪˴˴

 14 

ʵ䣬Ȼ鸮ŪСȴů紺Ȳģ˼źɫ
ҪշµĹΣ˪ҶվƫǰĥīԼС:
ȻˣһǺýС㶨ҪϸӲźá
˱СţӦ˪Ҷһȴŷڸ֮¡
ةһƴѶв̫Ԫĵλˣμֳ˸νһĸͬĳ㣻ƣֹۡ
֪ԪһĴȣ⾩ʰƣʱةһɶðԽ̫Ҳƽϣʱվˣǰ˾Ϳʼôߣ̫Ǹģ𲻸Ķˡ
ǰةһɱƹ̫ӣʹТͬӼң·ϱݶ̫֮λ׮׮ԶΪةĵ֮һ尲һжԲ˵ԹΪԼΪԪ꣬ҲҪʼϸıˡ
֮ǰ尲չڣѼ֮λŪȨһֱԼĸԶ̨һֿةĲѱ䵱ܣТ۵ĶĿý췭ظĻֻ𶼾ëȻ
ɵ𵱳޵ƽһŮӣ곤꣬ƽɲõһ檣ǳ¥輧Ȼв飬ȣòޣգ֪𰡣
¥һ輧輧ղģ֪ļЩͷڳ¥룬켫һʱȴԭίƽŽ伣ȴ֪ģĸ˫һܣʱزҪŲѴƽ
ĵֻģڸʱ£ҲżѰĳЩЩٵĽƶĻԼ֪顣
ɶ֪ةһɵڶ࣬ΪТ۷ɺ¼ɣǹ߰˶Ŀڳ¥װ֣ʵҪµġ
İеĲ豭£̧ͷԶ˪Ҷ:
˪Ҷһ¡
˪Ҷæеīಽ߹:
С㣬ʲôԸ
ȥ齵мСóһ滨ľ䣻˪ҶͰ֪ģ澡ĵΣֻǲ֪ιͻȻó
˪ҶҪµȥ죬Ʊҵ强Ӻĸʹ͵ҪǮȥ¥һ֪輧
˪ҶЩ⣬ԴҲ벻СҪЩʲô
㲻ضʣƱǰ˵ҪҪҪ̣ܳ£Ǯˡ
˵ʱôׯȻ˪Ҷȴ˼ֲ͹СеĹ±ϽӹƱһӦ¡
㣬ҲΪǰ䣬䳣ڹڣȥԺٳŵԪ㽣ҲǶЩ֪һġ
˵ˣ̫Ԫڸ֮ʣ̫һҲΪĺܣĪة࣬Ī̬ͬةһδͻҲ˻ıţһС㣬ͨ¥輧ȥةˡ
ţǲгıһһ΢֪ĿĺͶҲǺõģһǿԪýʱֹ𣬶ȻҲΪŸ嵳֮һԶһҡ
ıҪһһеʱ䣬ɲļ
˪ҶشһԣȻԼС뷨ȴ²⣬Լʲô˵飬гǾηҹͣ·ΣֻԼĻ£ֻС㣬ЩԣֻŶϰֲֽ֣֪ڳıʲôҪõôƱ
˪ҶһССĺլŮȻǲЩֻԼãС㣬ԵĸǧǴвͬġ
ˣı۾ʱֱǰǸҴС㣬ŵһɨˡ
վߵƫǰ£ʼϰӲõĹΡ
ƽԷ޾ӣɾûڷˡ
ԪԺӲõĿγһӦӵһȥǰ̯һʸϸֽԲֽѹã軭
˵Ȼƽ竵ģֲϰ֣ûǲģҲ̸Ȼֳ̬߰˷֡
ԱվһԣԪ㽷ԸյϽԱˣƳȥǻˡ
ǸŮֻǼʹճΣɲ֪ģԾܾ죬񡪡
´ԺģһϮصȹҴС㡣
̧ۿү׼ɫȻɰزʣؽǳ֮ɫ
εѧˣûʲôϾ˵ʲôԼүĲ죬ȨԼʲôҲû
Ԫ㽣ЩҲ˵ܹǲϲģӱͬ˵˵һв졣
ͬСУʲôʵ¶˵뱾
Ԫĵؿ˿ڣһ۲ضǰĻһȥպȡɫ
Ƕûʲô¶Ԫϲŭ޳ģʱԱźţûжٿյֻүȻˣȻѳζҲҪ˵:
еУӿܲ󰮸Ȥˡ
ǰø˼Ѿߣѡ˼ģģȥ̣⼸죬˵ѾˣūСֵܽ²˵Ҳ֪ҪүͨģҪʹġ
Ԫˣǲ£һЩͣ
ôЩ檻治֪ĸôģɹֵķ
Լ״æ˱˹ȥﰵԼûɫôүЩݺݺ磿ֺһǸˡ
ĪҪŭūŲ˾ˣūͬ˵ģ鸮ҴСģҪ𣿡
ƽı£Ǳ˭Ԫ㽵Ƣԡ
Ȼ䣬ԪȻͣ˱ʣ̧ͷװ:
ӷϾ˵ˣٲСˣû᣿ǿݵģ˵Ǳ˵գ󲻹˱ˡ
ԵͷЦ˵ͷ:
ǣūлүĿݡ
ǽϿʱūԱߵǸ֣ҹߵСͬ˵ģ˵ҵСǾ¹Ҳةĳ๫ӣ֮䣬Ǵͷ
Ԫȱ֪һҲξȣֻʾԼ
ǸλãǰҲλ๫ӵģ󲻹תȥ֣ſ˳
С˵ʱ⣬Сƣؼңһģվ飬𱰶£Ȼ࣬๫Ӳ֪ôҵףҲǴԶˣףԻصҡ
䣬ԪȻ˼ĸ˵Щֻ֪һ֪û뵽˻飬֮侹ԨԴ
Ҫô˵ҵģ㲻ֻôˣǲɶ֮٣
Ԫ΢üͷ˼ŮӣȻǾйŮٮٮߣ𽵹ȥһ궩ףɼУࣻȴʱǨ֮˱
ԣǻصңĸ˵һҷǳӣǸʣλԸȺõ£

 15 

Ԫǲ⣬ȻҲ벻ͨһССӣõºδޣιҪһֺƴϡãȶֶԵ
ҸǲҲǽգŸյ֪ƵԵɣ
ǸƵģ֪ôջȥȡԶ˵ĳţĴʶйˣֲǲ֪ҹةģҲˣةմŮ֪ôԱȣ㵱ͬҵĻԼŹصʥϵĴͻ飬ͬة֮Ů¡
Ԫٻȥˣ豭һڣЩصطŵϣЩС졣
£ҹӱǵаܻģλʥϵۣǴͻεģ
ԪȻ΢΢ɴ˫Щŵζԭ˼ԼƷвΣȻСһȣ֪ʲôˣһɣ˼H˵زƣ޹Ĺλˣ
֪ƷвˣȻū˵ȴǼõģ׿̸ʥ׿֮ģ˵ةһҶ󣬵ճŮǳɱʥַһ죬ҶסǸԱ죬ֹǽС΢˭ܵʥǰŪǷǣö֮ȻҲǴﶼ֪ĹȴҲվһġ
ʥةԣСһģͷӣѼڵճ£λᣬ˼ҵĵλν졣
Ԫˣ󲻹ة൷ТͬԪ̫һֻ֪ʰȴֶ峯٣ڳ·ϣ޷죬һ˸ҹܡ
ú;ǣϿŷƽ˾һͣʵ̸ڣ͸HһȺةΪ׵Ĳ̫֮ƽ˶Ŀֶΰˡ
Ԫʱʲôֿ:
ȻΨһĵŮûԵĺӣƷԱҲԼİŮվԷֺ𣿡
Դ˿̱̾˿ҲŮвϧڣԪȴǰĸͬ˵Ļһ˲һж:
ĪΪõһſʼΪţȴ壬ةǰʳ֮ңһˣڳǿֻһλ̫ӵܰ˵ȴҲãةʹȴڶ࣬һɣ΢᲻˵пܻᱻةɫ֮һң˱ֻƿŮѰ¡˵ģд
ԪȻѾƶɻĻȻȴѯʡ
Ե˵ͷ߹Ԫµ˱:
İֲūŵʱˣҲľ˿ţһδ֮ıġ
ԪЩɫҲÿˣЦһҼ䶼Ǻ:
ǼϻۣǺƣҲʥϵϧССĻ󻹲֪Ҫ
䣬Ԫ㽸ģ꣬ǰġһСĻص:
ֻǿˣͷμǰҾ֪ǰһΡ
ʧ񣬸ϽȰο:
үҲĪҪ̫ӻͬСͬãūΪС㲢ǹ߰ǳģͷſİɡ
Ԫһʱ֮ҲԵķˣֻϣ˫ֽߣ߸߾ͷֿ̾˿
ùԺԪԭҪԡ˱ЪϢˣ˭֪ԷŹ˵ˮȽѱˣԺ㴫Щ޵
ԪĸźֵӣͼԺվһţʮ껪ŴԵѾҲЩ£Ԫ㽴۶һƣŤͷԣϬһ˲µˡ
Ԫ㽵ûӦЩŮûתͽȥˣͷַԸһ˵Ƚͷţһϲɫ嶼Цˣؽݡ
ȸƼүˣ뵽ֻ˱飬ӲͷƤ:
ū澸ү밲߶ү徲ʵ˼ͷһڵѾͷϸѡģˮź˵ģ֮ǰѽū澣үˣû֪֪ȵ˵ȷУ˵ʲôҲҪģ
֪ү¿æˣЩǣūҲûȥ
Ԫ㽶ţöػһΪ˵̬ȣ֪үƢԵģϲŭ޳ͨѾͷ¶Ǵˣֻ½Լкô
ҲϰˣͷȵöǶðЩ亹ˣԪƵؿ:
ĸǰ߰£Ůˣ編Ƶңȴ⡣
ǰͷһˣӱ˵ˣϣӴδˣԸŲҪٲ׵˽ҺƢʹ򷢳ȥ鲻˾ֱȥǲ£ͷЩҲ𣿱ӿǳź˵һΣһ𣬸Ͻ뿪Է
Ԫ㽷ӲԵӣֲɵñ֮ǰԼԺĻ:
㵫ЩԼʩչ죬٣ѪյʱŮӣĸ˵ֵסʱˮɣӵͷȻͲųЩˣչأ񣬱ˣͣҲóŮ˵ζˡ
ҲǣתͷӣһԸһԼվͷԵҲȥֻѾ߽ݡ
ϲܳ£ͷʹȻٲˣѾߵһܳϢЩȻҲӵĺãлġ
ȻյĹͻȻıյѵҼдӵŭһϽ̧ȥ
һţƼŽȥѾ߽ԹڵɪɪˤһƬǽ壬һӴӰлɶϣͺһڷ
ͳͳҹȥ´Σ·ϣӱ㽫һˡ
Ԫ㽴˿û˰ԼԽ̸ʱĺ˵ģһ壬ü˵ȡ֮ηı䣻ŭţмһۣһָſڴλ:
̸ӹȥһӱ㲻ٵŮӣź򣡹
ƽҲ֪Ӳģȴû뵽ôĻ𣬱ǰǴΣҲûȻģҲǻŲ·ȶˣڰӦţĵԱ罿޵ѾߣҲĨվһȥãԺ
ʱѾȸԪ㽹һ裬޷ӦҲδ˵ʲôȥùͷֻسȥˣһƬǽʰˡ
Ԫؿھţ𷽲ŮӣͬһõͣȴֶֻͨԭΪǱƣѯʹȴ֪ӧΪֹʵڴ󵨷ˣŻ
ܲסҲ⼸ĪίһѹĿڣ˿һйãŸоͷЩ                        
лҪ˵Ԫ㽣Сɰ

 16 

Բٿˣűûлүֻˡ
ҲΣǰ¶һȵػүβӣȴʵʵεģүˣҸڣݺݵشһٰӵģү֪ȻŭȴҲԼĸ˿ûޡ
һ־˿̷ͣЪԭΪҪһˣɨ̧ͷһүǰƽ͵ؼŻˡ
үԡһ¸ϽЪջҪȥԺġ
ԪƤû̧һ£Ļ:
ӷűˣҪ˶ҪģֻʣʻˣһȥϴҲ٣°ɣˡ
˴һ㣬ϽӦˣ˳ȥֻԪһˡ
һңһĨɰڻ˶Ĵϣеëʣϸϸ
ʵʱ϶̣ûбڴˣֻζϣֻơ
۾ţţԪ㽲֪ô˼ƮԶԵɺ£ĵס
Ȼ޷԰ˣʱβЩ죬պͶ͵еۺ졣
ƽ˵Ĳ͵ѪյʱԿǰʢֻһı޷Գ֣˼ֻҪݵø
Ԫ͵ĻعѸٵذеֽöд𣬺ľܴŽŲЩҵ߳ӣƽԡ᷿ȥ
ฮԷ
尲̺ԡˣֻһˬѣȴǾ񲻼ãЩϣֿʼǰǰ㣬Ǹӳ
һԿţֻ΢̾źӲãҲЩǰ£ֻǾϧ֪ǳǸˣ۳һһ۵ĵλȴƱʲô²ʱʱģû˸յฮʱ緢
߹ȥ:
ӣҹȥЪϢɣ˸Ҳܽģˣϸ뷨ӣ
ǸֽŴֱģҲûѧʲô˵Ҳ֪尲ΪΣʶȰοˡ
尲һ䣬ȴȻǰһʲô̧ͷЩڼ:
㣬¶зӿɽ⣬𣿼ǴǰĴպˣҼӱسˣûִⲻԭµĵ𣿡
ˣ΢΢üͷЩɵص:
عӵĻƤǳδʣ˵˵ģӦǶԵİɡ
尲ʱû˼⻰ĲȷԣȻһඥ֮࣬ϲ:
ԣģ˶᷸û֮ˣ˴ֻպӲ˵᲻Ҫҵģᡭ
尲ͻȻЦŵһɨ⣬һƬ˼ȥĿͶ
պȨգȢһԺԻģʱԲٲʹˡ
ͨ˾ͺã尲ӭĿ⣬ְǸصطŻصת:
ȻȥЪϢɣҹˡ
񹧹Ӧˣ˺󼸲ȥŴϡ
һֹڼž尲ŴǰһӣͷԵЩοǿЩ⡣

һ磬鸮ڵūͱس׼źӵ½½æµˡ
ĸ˪Ҷ˵ߵѾţء
ıϽϴһȥ׽ʳУСѾЩˡ
ŷأ˪ҶһСɫԶԶؾŵһɽζ
С׼ǲСĴŷˣ仹ū澾Ͱ⽪СˣСĽŰɡ
ʵ󰮺ȵģζãȥӵˣȴһɽζǲϲ
˪Ҷ״ֶ˹һƿ۽ƿǵ۽ۺͰ÷
۽ӣҲģ˵ǰЩӱ㿪ʼˣ˪ζЩС㳢˼ϸСЩʲôһӦŵģҲó۽ȥȥɬζ
ֻöСЩζһԺ˰գϽӡ
˪ҶһԿֱЦ˵ְϵ̳ȥ:
С㵱ǲ⽪ѲɾҩҪѺǰҩС˶治ɫģƫΪѡ
ҲЦǳ˰ԵĶϲ:
ǻͬƶˣСҲˣ㲻Է
˵˵ţֿˣһԵİĬأĵһӦãЦе߹ݵ˪Ҷ:
С㣬ȥԺˣʱҲˣ̣·Ͽɲؼ
ıӦ˪ҶһͬǰԺȥ
·еģͬ˪Ҷྣ췢ֲֻᣬֻ˵˼򾩳ǽȤţֵᵽǳ¥輧֪¶:
С㣬ūȥԸһֻڲҪұұķԸݸ֪ˡ
ѾɫָƽĳģŴԣȻ⼫:
Ĳѧұȥ¥һˡ
˪Ҷ˵ͷֶ壬ֻطͣ¡
꣬ˣٵʯϻˮݣ˪ҶСĵطģȹڣѾмҲˡ
֪ģһ۾ͿڷܱʼԪ㽣ǸСͣ˪ҶҲƼˣһЦ:
ū澿үԼûշӲõĹΣڸϣɶյķܷӣĽء
ĵͬǰĮȻ֮ȻԼȴͶ˼Ц⣻ʵͬǰӡеԪ㽲̫࣬õʱڵԪ㽣ģģĪǣһ򶼵
ͬ˪Ҷһλϣһ磬Ԫ⿴ˣͻȻͣеıʡ
ױ
ýıƽЩҶºЩʱˡ
Ŀбӵذֽ鼮óϸϣػӦ:
үյͬУץʱ佫շӲõĹθϽ֪꣬ڿεܷӣжϿүҾͬ˵ˡ
Ԫգһҭһͬ˵Ļ̼ɢָűʸ˶һʱ֮侹֪ýʲô
ӲδֻǶϰЩְˣһֱǵõУϸɹεġ
ҿԭүΪſڳѣ˵İͣǳԼû˭ΣƳƼܿһεҴС㣬ͻȻЩ
Ĵ˿̱ЦһԪͷֱ:
ãүϿ콫׼ãӭӷӵĳɡ
Ԫ㬵תͷüؿԣһɫ
Ϊ֪ܷΪϿԷŽϵҵţˣ翴Ҷˣ붪һºǶֻ죬ܷӳʱĪҪ鵽򰤴ܷСǰ˲´̧ͷ                        
лҪ˵þûʺƨˣʾλСԹԸߵ

 17 

ǵ׷üܷ׵λʱԪ㽴ͷԼԸǸˡ
ֻܷǳ飬ѧ࣬ɨԪ㽣δἰգܷӵҲǶӵжţ±Щ֮ơ
Ԫһ͵͵ƳȥĵӰﰵ¾ģ´ξˣҪúɹΣǰһηͷҲý֪ҲͷԵǰݰġ
󲻶ʱԪ㽱ţддʱʱػ͵ż϶תͷȥģֻܷӼ̧ͷȴƼԪ㽲֪ڿʲôģҲùڵʱܷû͵ʱȴһһ׼
ܷ±вˡ
´ƣѧģĿΣûĸѧ㣬ǻˮһʼɵݣ˿ǿ̰ѧƢˣҲܲ߶ʮһ
ֹ
ͷһܷͣԪ˱˻ӻӣ²δӦ𣻴ѧӦӣ׷κһ뿴Ԫ㽵ķʱղԵԪ㽣ź֪ʶǸϿޱȵܷӻˡ
ΪʦߣηģԪ̸֪ϡӹġηȴҲеġ
Śɫ۵ֱֻ𼹱վ̧ͷŲԶֱķ:
ѧڣӽ̻ѯ
ܷӵƳһۣ飬ɣؿڵ:
ҷŽָʫͬ˵˵ڼڼˣ
˼򵥵ʻ㶼𲻶ԣϷɾ÷ûϸʱϷɲʲôƥˣ֪µԺǴ˰أһΪʦΪȰΪʦн̵ĵ
Ԫһ֪ԼǱ˸ţɲɵĺܣ֪ڽָʫĵ߾ȴҲ֪һڵġ
һƬĬԪ֮ģȴδתͷԹԵصͷдԼġ
һΣܣҲûһͬʹɫʲôģܷӹʮϿҲ˸˽¸ЩԪ㽱֪ǰƽ֮صԺǰΪΪˡ
ûиӹСӵܣֻиͬ
Ԫ㽱ֻӲͷƤ:
طӵĻǵ߾ڡڡ
䣬˲һƬ͵͵ĺЦԪɫһȻ֪Լˡ
Ȼܷһݣóǵľߣصػǰ̴İϣƵʱڱ㰲
ɺͳ
ܷӵŭ⣬ֻ֪ѵѧǵѵԪһģ˿Ѿ߲Ѹǣ΢ͷȷˡ
ȻʱԲ֮ңģûתͷ
ֹ
Ԫ̻ع:
ѧڡ
ǵ߾ڣȻشϷ⣬ɷԸܷ
⻰˵ģĸԸͷӱ㲻ᷣƵģԪ㽴˿̿ɲٶһˣֻܵü˳ۣװǫ:
ѧܷ쾭壬Ӿ𷣣ѧһţ˼ԣ»ؾٷ
ܷӴ˿ɫԺתһЩ:
Ȼˣ´ͷһηϷ㲻̫Ҵ飬վȥұʼҲ£ѧϷҪһ֣ȥݴʡһ顣
ԪһȴҲֻӦ£еëʣ㬵վ¡
ֺܷ˿ڲ裬ʼ˵
زȥǰᣵڵδ˷ʲô
үôûأūŻΪô򵥵ģҶ֪ҲǵõĶܴء
Ԫһҭһ˲޲ûӡ
㳤˵ӱϣ
Ԫ㽵͵͵سһԹԵվһ߲ٶˣԪ㽿˿ˣֻһ飬һëʼддѡ
òߵѧȻ͸ббսڣԪ㽺󱳱ɹЩȣҲЩϸϸܵĺ顣
ϵġָʫʼǵǼ˲٣ϧּÿҺ·ԡ
ͷͣվǸǶȣǿԼЩĵģ˵̫ܿĴӣԪ㽵ͷ˿Լģɫֳ˳
ʱ׵ܷȴ:
ֹ
Ԫһ飬ϽվãȴƼܷӳ֣ʾȥ
˼ҪŹˣ±ȣشߵܷӵλãȴƵ֣ĳϡ
Ϸ򿴿ǰıʼǿϸˣ
ԭҪأԪ㽲ΪȻ¿ǲԼˣæ鹧صݹȥ
ӹĿ
һϲ⣬̧ͷ˿պīˮģǺһƲۡ
΢΢㶼䣬ȴܷһľϵĶԪ̱عڽʣһδߵѧҲͣжַֿһ⴦
νĳ˼ԾٷϸϷĽ̻壿
ʵӲֶдϷ򾡹ٰʮ֣ʮвڣԴѧȴ̬ȣŽ̲ģ
Ԫ㽸ϽͷȥܷӷǴǴˣɴ಻ǶһһĴˣֺϿ
ܷӿɲЩƣȻôӵۣ
ˣҲĪϷĮ飬ϷΪʦҲҪ֣үѰ´ҲͬϷ˵ףӣΪ̻Կɡ㷸ĴҽһǶݵ𾴣ҪΪѧ÷ְ壬ϣǲϣ
ԪһȻסˣ벻ܷӾȻĸôһдʣˣ
߯ˣ
۳ܷɫԽԽѿԪ㽸Ͻ:
ĪҪŭѧѧϷǡ
԰գԪЩȻƵģ֣˿޷ἰյٺưˣΡΡĺͯ˼ֻ
ܷ˼̽ˣȻ飬䣬
ž
һأģҲʶ̧⴦
Ԫ㽵۵Ĳˣ˵İܶźۼҧţûһ£Ҳδ
һܹԭϸɵ޳˲¿ľսɵܷһѺ
үûֻҪȮˣ̼ǵõƽϷأүλӵķṦΰ
ԪŹܲʲôأһ£ʱ㲻Ծ̧ͷĵķȴ־δС¸ëʣؿӺ΢ţת䣬۽΢
΢ͻȻЩ޴ӲȴԼûֵ
񣬺񷽲ʹĲеģҲûôˡ
ĿڣģԪ㽲֪ǺԵʣͷߺޣ˲ɢֻһЩأ˵ɦš
ܷӵûˣֻһٷٲˣְڴˣԪ㽵Ȼ/ͣ˲ֱӡ                        
лҪ˵˼ңˣе˽

 18 

ԸϽԽλ߹ȥ÷ŵÿնȥ˾ˮӷԪϡ
ܷӼԹֿ˿ԪϵĺףҲ֪ЩˣɫЩ
ֹϷϣһΣԣٷ
Ԫ̱ͷӦ:
ѧסˡ
ܷص˵ͷɨһմһһ
ݡݴʡرǰĹ±ȥϸϸˣ»ǰҡ

ԪȻסȴδڣžľָĳҲڲˡ
ӣȫȫҪ𣿡
ЩԼˣȻ֪ܷӲƽ֮Ǳߵķӿ񣬵ô飬δǺã
Ԫ㽻䣬еıʼһ٣īֽ֭ϣȻδ̧ͷŲԶԪǾĵ֪ôƲסصͷĿҲ΢΢
湻ʵģԪ֪֪ɶô˫ˣαȴһɫŽ̫Ӻݣ˵պϮλ̣ۼķ绪
жپǸʸ˭û뵽޸˻ɼˣǲ˼ңⲻʶôðԼŮġ
ϧƽԪҲֻйһŮˡ
˼ع飬еëʣ̧ŲԶڵܷԪ㽣ԭ΢еΪԼţ;ȴǲĿעӣֻɵܷӵѵ⡣
ȻϤȻǰ㣬ǰǰȴԶֵı׾޴룬ֲĻģȴ˰̻ܣȼ̳ƶøͬ˵ģκʱֻһȥצˣ˲ͳ
ⱲӵӣȷȵԪҪϲĶࣻδ갡վֻ緢ûηƣôЩ¶ÿζһЦ֮ǰЩɱˡ
˱ʣְǰϸŽ䣬˪ҶѾͼۼֿشӺߵߣҲæʰ
ԪʱѾܷӷŹˣһ֤ġݴʡ뱾Ԫ¼󲽿ֱߵλǰסȻתĶ:
á
ˣʶŤͷתԪ㽣üĿ:
үʲô𣿡
˵أȻԪȴкǰĲͬô룬ºЩһ²⣬ȴҲ㹻ϲˣ뷽ܷԲతʱĵͷǳЦģ
ʶôˣмչյʱ򣬵ȷ𷻼ŵ֮ĸ֣ʱˡ
ĪǣҲȫȻᷳģ֮֮Ĺϵתء
㼱ŻŵعˣɻһãȴͻȻ֪˵Щʲôˡ
óȻ˵ֻҪã˼ȥԪ㽿˪Ҷﱧ䣬һ:
ãмͷ㣬֪ÿϾ
Ĳ֪ʲôʵʵԶ֪һ£ǲ±㸣˸:
үڣĪҲӣȽҲúһ£ܷӡ
ԪӣҼ価ǳǳЦ:
ԵģҲΪãֻǷŽÿЦδӽѧʣȥҪڳʱ飬ֻûϰյĹˣɷðæһ飬һ
ԭΪãܱʲôǽˡ
ϽģȻǺõģҲԸԾౡ֮
˫˪ҶŵС䣬óǱƤϸһǹҵģԪ㽣һԵۼֿ죬æӹ
ˣˣүϰĪҪܷӵźá
ԪӦİӸˣֱߵѾ߳ԶӰƲˣʵܲˣ:
үūŶ죬СԶˡ
Ԫ㬵ջߣתݺݵصһۣ־ȥǱ顣
ίƲƲ죬ðͰͶԽм촦ȥʰ
үԺ˳󣬻ظ֪ˣֻҪūˡ
ŻɫµСһɫСͬԪ㽱Թ:
ҲǣūǻģƳȥСˣûӽʲôģǰ˵ϲСǸ䵭ɣΪΣ
˴˰ӣֻ»꼰ҲҪඡ
Ԫһ˲װźۼḧ˸Ǳ飬޵Щҵ֬Ϣ
㶮ʲôҲϲκ˵䵭ɣֲָһˣߣű໶ϲ𣿾˫ⴧӣ
Ʋ죬ֱۣ
ǲж໶ϲͲûһ˫𤵽˼ȥˣӲ
Ԫ㽰ԼӰ˵ĶóһߣǱСĵطŽͷļв㣬С:
Ӳѧϸ֪ˣ˵ǰ㣬ǲˣôÿܹ˻Ƶġ
˶٣Լ:
ӡӲŲϲġ
ĹˣԽһ䵭ģϸ߽һ㣬ԽҪ·ռΪе֡
⻰˵Լ𣿷Եͷȥ˷ۣôҲš
Сү˵ʲôʲôϽʰʰʱˣūţǻǸϽظĺá
Ԫ㽲Ϊ⣬˳ǰīӵԺ鲻Щ:
ģûθڣһлظҪȥУдд裬δֶˡ
԰գδԻػԹתȥ˺ԺԺ½һƥԻûļ£ȻһԶˡ
ȻǸԷݵӣ͵ƽϷʱû䣻̾˿ţ˵ʥϣҲ֪˭εСڡ

ҵ¥ʱŻΪǰӦѾȥ˺ţӺԺסĸ¥
֪ʱһǳ¥ҡǮסĸԺǵһеģҲʡȥ˲鷳
Լõĵط֪ĹĸһȥͿϤ¶˲ʶģһİ
񵫷һǰĹˣⲻ¸пһ£ǻҡ
֪ױұǰѾ鸮ģԼѰ㣬Ҫ̡
֪̾ӭа¡
ǰСݕiһȻԲ顣
֪Цţ֮ſھźɫǧްٵȹͨɣ˿С㡣
΢̾ٴȷ:໥֪䵽ǰǰľأҲȫ˴ǰЩ΢֡

 19 

֪ҾͿżɽˣǰѾ֮ǰȻϥһ׵ܣزһǳ㣬Ҳ˽£㡣
֪ĵ˱裬һһֵֻĿƹȥ˵΢΢һЦ
Сˬˣˣ˵˵Ǻ˽£ǲ漰ΣƾС㿪ĸ߼ۣ֪Ȼ߾ȫ
ƫͷʾһߵ˪ҶСѾæಽߵű߶š
ջߣء
㣬ةһĹԱ¥Ѱ֮ʱһ˵Ļݣֻ࣬ɣ֪Ƕ٣ܴмõģл
һ٣ǰ֪ɫȻæ˵:
˵ʵΪ̫ӵ£ǴˣزҶ˵ةһͬ²ѾãΪĸͬ¹ϵƣ
֪ü΢ϸ̫ͬӵ֮ԨԴһ˲ȻˣȻ˼ȥ־Σ㿪ڵ:
ʴС㣬һԵ£βͬˣѰ֮£񲻱һСС輧ĸã
˷ܰġ
ĳһ˲ֿڵ:
˵Ҳ¹Цˣǰøձ尲˻һ£عŰɣ
֪Ե˵ͷһϸ뵱ʱţһȻЩ:
Ī㷽˵һԵɣǳСԼ˽ģةµңһ
û˵ȥ˼Ȼˣĵ˵ͷ˼֪Ȼǰһ㣬ģԼͨ
ǡһұ޷ȥ̫ӵıϾԺӣͬ⸾֮½һߣ¹ƣѵĵزһȱƵ飬˼ȥǾԼı
ڳ¥ѾãرҸةһĹԱ¥ԭԲҶ˵Ҷةฮң޲ýǧУةҰģ첻Ķ˿һУùϸǣҲΪѹԼ飬ƽһɡ
˵ˣɫƽؿ֪𰣬֪΢Ц֮ȴӿ
ĵ˼ˣңҵةıѱذ̫ӵȨ
⡪
ԪŮڸҷң˻ŮҲһȴδ˵ĸôĵӣ֮ġ
ο˰ı㣬һŮ˵δںҶˣǳ뵽ġ
˵ܲʵֻ֣Ǵ˿̫𾪰ˣʵ벻ҴСͣϿֶׯԼģ˼
ԵĸŹҵģĪ֯Ů졢黭ĪԵ¡Σ죬Ҳͬĸ죻С㣬ʵǷͬһ㣬֪ŬѹкȻ˼ǵ˵ͷ
ȻСˣֵȷѴȻǿӦģһ£ԵıȴǲˣС£ұϾҲֻǸСС輧
ĳף:
Ȼɷģʱ̱ȫԼɣݴ£˼֮¡
֪Ӧ£ˣ±̸£ˣ˼ԼҲˣǰַԸ˪ҶİƱ
İ࣬ҲŮµˣȻãұһ٣պпɿţȻил
֪æȴѶһ˹:
С˵ﻰ֪δЧ˿ȻƾնôЩ֪ʵڻ̿֡
ϵô˵һЦַ˻ȥ:
ﲻظ裬һҴǰҲйһ׵ܣϧزȻǸͬܵ۹ȻԸңǱԼˣշʲôã֪һٸģⶼʲôţںͷء
˵⻰ʱϿŻôƳᶣ̬򷽣ûзͬʱҰĺ֪𰲻֪ô㣬ȴɵĵʵʵڵؿʼȷʵ˵⻰ı¡
ȷ緻ഫǰ˳ׯȴֶһѰټСûеģ˫޵ˡ
ãԼҲϻ۵úܣֶ⣬֪Լˡ

˵⾩Уԭ˻ӵܺƷϹԱŮſɽУƽɢţһӦѵʿʱվˣТ۲δֹĬϣҲЩĸŹӵԸԿģТ۲̻ķϰˡ
ô˵ǸЩӸһϯ֮صġ
Ԫ㽴ǰƽϷʱ߰ŪЩģ˾ǣͷһȥĲԺУֻϧûأ͸ǾƷСٵСӴȳˣƽڸڡ
ˣȻˣ˸ʹ죬еĲƶйͼʿд裬ĻͷģֱӶˣظ¶
ϵȥ쵽ǰˣȴƼԶǳǰӵǰʻȥ
ϵװЩ죬˼ȥɲǵͷһؼĵʱ⼸澡ˣûô
߼ܵˣȴӿٶȣ棬Խƽֱ鸮ǰ
鸮ǰЩͻɽɣ⾩ȷд˷糱ԹԺ˽ӣǰԻЩ
ʱͷЩͣԪ㽵ϣͣפھ鸮ʮɿ⣬ؿƣһСƬǰԣӰб߲Ĺ֮ϣɷǺÿ
硣
Щħ֮ǰЩصأ֮ڿڵĹΣʱֻķ֪ľ˼ɫ룬Ǻ͸˶ϾСණѹĵףʲôϡ
˼Ǻ쳾ʣĽա
ЩһӦմ߶¶ͬأҲԹãÿÿ˼
Ԫ㽵ӣֲǰ˼ȴڰ·ͣסԪ㽻عЩ:
źüʱУǲɲأο˼ҹ񲻰װ
ˣתȥвʣԪ˼ȥԶԶأ:
á
Ȼ˸̨ףͻŴԣͬԵ˪ҶһתͼԪ㽱Ź⣬Цţһ緢ģ
һ˲漴㸣Ԫӣּ:
ضҲ·˴˱㻽һˣøϽȥɡ
΢̾˿ǣߵĶܿʱأҪǰһΣֲּҪĳϣҲҪһſϰݡ
ʵԩ·խ                        
лҪ˵Ԫ:ôϲģʾĪ˵ΣǡúĵСֺܺÿγպ.jpg

 20 

۳ԪֳЦЦ˴תʱͷۡ
ĺȻãǰղΪЩϲģȻֿʼԵòΪٶˡ
ǰʱͺ֪ʱûж⣬Ըԭεسָңںྴˡ
ľͬմȾֻ֣ҪͿͬǰǰ㲻ͨҲûа취ǿȢˣ˼ˣ԰ЩԪ㽵˺ԶӰ̴ٵ˿ת̤鸮ڡ
ŪС鸮ƫƧܾףĺ˪ҶԺʱ򣬰ŪԺĻǰԵѾϸСĻԺﰵ㸡Ŀ˵ϲǰö飬˵⻨Ҳּ̾£Ůһ㣬ӯŵ
ƼСæеϲɫӭ:
Сˣðء
Щ:
ʲô䲻ѽˣʱ𣿡
ϽҡͷʾĿ˫ŵ:
ǵС㣬Ƕˣ˺ЩС㣬Ҳ˵ûظţ˵ȥЩóԵģͨһȥԺá
£Ȼص˵ͷֻ˼һʲôʵ:
ԪͶû˵Щʲôɣ
ܹҲЩģͦԪ֪ЩƵģһδ£һŮ˼أҲ
̫ӴȻǼãһҲͶЩ˵ҲһǳڰĿǣȻʱδǲҪ֪ĺá
ȴЦøϲˣĵԲСԽ:
Сô֪˻Եģ̫࣬Ǵǰÿζλͬū˵Ԫ磬С㶨Ҫϸ磬ʱݹȥˣ̫ӵ±Ҫ˽ʥϿڣΪ࿴ƷòѵĸŹˡ
΢΢üĵЩԸģԪȥʮа/Żʣȴ룬ֻԸԼлϲģԹֻܻྴؾٰüģԸȥ
ԪҲйʺĸ˼Щ鷳ֱӾܾġ
̧ߣ΢̾˼ȥֻʱãȵʱҪ̫ۣȻһһɡ
ʵѹŵʱ򣬲ļǵ÷ŰĻﻹأ˼ѹΣı㻻ȹ˪ҶȥСЩʳŰһȥﴦ
ЩûˣͽУԼʱɽʱݸոչĸΪҵѪ׷ˣʵλСӵӹʲô̬ƽҲĪֻŸճݵزۡ
ʱСֻżڸ￴һΣƽȴӲԺԼ꣬׵ز۵ʹѹĵףʱʱҲǰΧĸ׺ģкüΣ밲ƼһĻĬĬϸƼİʧ䡣
ȻҲˣ밲ߺССģḧͷͬؽ:
ûкӣˣͬ˵˵ĸţϲء
ʱ⣬ˣȴ˵δ̷Ҳδܵʲôġ
ΪʲôأΪʲôûкӣҿķкӵģĸԪãʺҲԪ硣
һ㶣̾һʲôҲû˵ֻǿЦְ§
ֹ˴Լһ꣬ĵ֪µ֪ͣ:ĸײˣһͷˣϥûеӰֲ֦ɢҶҪڸģĸ׹ִִⲻɽ˼Ǿİѹͳȥý˼¼ӣԵȴ˵:ûңֲʱˣ˿Ҫˣ˳ֻͨ˼ңڸúôͺã˵Щڸ޷ĵơ
¶ĵĵĻˣĬϲ˿ϷȻ⾩֮£ֻ˵ͷӵģҲˣסĸΪŮ档
ľۡ
޷泤־ģοĸףڸ˵ү˵˼ﵱһ㾴ţһӦסҲ԰ŵһĹҲĲ
ĺʱʱȥԺӣСʱԵþϲ޴룬ʱվˣԽ죬뿪ЩĵԸŮţȫ˵ϥӵź
ŨףСҲɫζȫùˣֻ߸ˣʱʱļ:
˵ǰƽǸճӣӵģҲǸ´Ժ飿
һ٣ЩôͻȻһֻܸЩʳ㣬żϡҲȴԼԭ򣬴ӲʺĵĻйصһ˵ġ
ǡĸ׵ʱһ죬ƽȥ´ˡ
ͷ״ƲػشȴЩ΢ЩĪǵôԪ㽣
񲢷Ǽ⣬һ䣬Ҳûӣת˵¡
һҲУʵػһʲôⲻϸúв̤
һͷˣǰַԸѾһóһСӵһԵİ
֪ƽﲻЩŮǰĸһƥӣһ£һȫķС˺ЩϲĻģ㱸ã˾Ҫ
˵ţЦЦĵ֣һ
ƽҲţЩʱ䣬㲻þ鷳ˣﻹûϲء
¸жúܣϽ˵ͷлͬһŪС
ʱѾЩ谵ˣİͬ٩˵ȫųˣȥԺģ˪ҶͰԺˡ
ЦЦֵػԺӣò⣻һ߶ƽԪ㽸ðţԡʱϷĴǱ顣
Щ谵㻽ԣֶյСƷ齱ߡ
ԼЩˣʱ̵Ĺ⾰ĵؽݣүѾ˯ˣﻹǰӻɫƤʫ
ȥԪ㽸ϱҲһߣϨյһУϢ˳ȥʱһƬףͷ¹Ҳ˳Ŵڵʵľذϡ
Ѭ˰㣬Ԫ˯໹㲻೤ǳٿȴ΢΢ü۾۽޶ʼ
Ӽշת࣬ȴμʲô˵Ķ͵ĿʼЩ
յĹȻüβĦĸOO@@ϵ˺˯úܲȣӳ׵¹⣬ðЩϸ
Ԫ㽲֪龰ʲôʱʼģӦʱƽǶһȻģʱȴ˿
ʣ¶
лҪ˵Ԫ:ŶеһεĴΡ

 21 

Ԫ㽻ͷһΣֳ档
̼һ˲ʲôİèƽǶ˷񾲵ġ
ȴһȻ֮ʲôҲȴѾȣо嶼޷ֻλŪϷ
ȻģȻǷУݵڴЩ͵Ĳ֪/
ǰһпʼģ·ޱ߻þΨһĸдǻҵŮӵò͸/ο
оԼ촭ˣ˹յͷǡ
ԼǱܰա
أ˼ⲻϧͷƤС¹ӽƤӦƵĥתࣻγ󣬿Σ
ǰ˻棬鲻ԽѾҹ鼱͸зҡ
ԪⲻסڴŴоѣʪ/͸ǰϵ¹⣬ûӷŵһ龳лع΢΢ţδ
ãԪ㽶ƤΡΡ֣̽ƿӣһ/ʪ/ͫʱ΢ƼˮһѸٰѱ¡
񷽲ڵĿ͡
ǰĸͨѾͷȴϳȥĸ㻽֣ʱһ࣬ͬϸ⣬˵ѾҪڣɲͬ¡
û־˵ʲôȴҲĸѵǾ䡣
Ԫҵز񻰣˼߰أȴֺȻЩԼԼˡ
¡
⡭£
ӣסɫãƽȴݶѾƻ촽⶯ţֲԾ𷽲ݣӡʵһ
Ԫ͵ĵӣҲ﷢ϸ˫Ҳ߬˱졣
ֲӶ׷飬ǣ˼伫֡
ѵʱǹˬûȥԵҲűˡ
ּЩԺ޴룬ȻϸϸģȻԭĪ˼Щ
ôأʵ벻ŵôƫƫأ
Ԫֱӣ쳤˸첲ȥԲİ滹ȼһĵյһ۵Ļӡ
յСƵʰһǽ壬Ƴ۹ȥȴƼ߷ŵǱϤ顣
ٴηһ۾ܿҳϵġּǼСɵģӦ仰
ǽڷĦдֵһƬֽҳ㣬ֵ:
ġá
ŵҹһףըԺǰЩɵĹΣû׵컣ڤڤڸʲô
ʲô˵춨Եء
ԪβЩ죬Ȼ̧֣ס˫ۣȴ֪ʲôʱ򣬿ʼܿƵ
ʵҲ޲ɡ

·ݣеԺնȽ϶ָ࣬ʱټӵܷ׷׸٣Ҳ
ѮӼٵǰһ죬Ԫ㽽ϣڰܷӷЩһӦȫ˽ȥһ
ǡȥԺıȽ磬ͷûߣҲûˣȥܷӵ鷿˳Ѿˣڰϣۼ£ԱߵѾߣҡȣźغġ
Ԫ㽻صԼλ˻վǲ֣˵ӷߣԺܰͷһһС
ʱ磬ŮֻһԪתͷһԵԺһδ߽͸з쿴棬˲Ȼˡ
ƹȥ֪ǸСѾ˵ʲôСѾ߾طӣԳȥ˵
Ԫ㽴δһ̣ôæľèȥ˸ڣĵλ棬Ҳ𷽲СѾߵӣȶ
Ѿͨͨ͸ĵṹббش棬ƼһϸëԼ۽µͶӰԪĺİ˯գȻ֮ǰǸݵΡ
;ЩЦ治֪ô͹ϣΣׯĹ㣬ôܻǸģôأ
ħƵģǲɿصصͷԽԽ
·ȴͣ£ȻҲǰڰϣͷڸ첲ϣϸϸشǰġ
꿴棬˿֯Ľڵϣôһ۲ؿš
֪˶ãͷԶԶشЩ죬Ԫ㽱̧ͷȻһȺС㹫ӣԲԺڵĹ Ҳȷ˿Ͽεʱˡ
Ԫĵ䣬ȻŵĽǱóӵظڰϡ
뿪ˡ
һ죬Ԫ㽶ûȥĵķԭþ棬ԸҲͬǰһͶϲһ֡
ȴַ֣ǰ䵭ʱЩʧܣȴֲӰƵģȻûǿʱʱػǻһƫͷȥҲ٣ʱЦ
ֻëȻֿǰǸôҲ㲻ķԪ㽡
ⲻȥ룬Īֿʼǲˣ
ǷĽ
ϱӲʱ޲ͷִߣȴ˲òסһ˯齣ż˰˯óˣҹѻ֮ʱȴߣʱߣһ۶
ûǿȹз£ûиƽһѪ񻹼ǵжγˣ͵͵ǹĶ˫ʱ˾ֶ࣬ݣδͬˡ
ʵҲȻǿȣΪ̹ĺݶˣϾֵ׵ǴΣ޼ˣʧִϹһֻš
ⱲӣվǲźܶεģӦκ£Ȼʵ˵ЩĶ֮ʶʱ㶪ģ˺ˡ
ȴǰǰǰģһᡪ
ҲҲգ٣ٲµͣܶණ벻ףԺٳЩȻף鰮һĲֵĶʱ֪ԼĶʵҲûҪ̫ǿ
ǰǹִЩŻԿ࣬
ѧǰ˪Ҷʰ鱾ֽʣŷԼСѱˣʾĺ󣬲ҪؾصطŽȴһҳвһֽ򿪣ֻּŤǻ:
ãҴ棬ʵڸõİæڴл  
Ԫֹ
֣һĳ󰡣ϱ͵ҵ飬дôƯ治ױʡ
ֽҲûʲôùģּнӽ䣻һֱע߶ԣϽ߶߶ܵԪ㽸ǰһ
ԭüЦ崺ˣɫۿɼ͵۷ľһСĶͬδ뿪ͬһ̧۳ԴȥͼԪ㽺ѾЩؼ뿪ˣԵĻССܶЩϡ
ƵģӴͷһؼԼĶ벻ģ

 22 

ܿ͵磬Ƕ죬ΪŮֵûʺϲȥμӵġ
һ˪ҶͰͽĻѣ˵Ƕִţ̫ӵµĿͣϣܴǰǼҷˮƽװɫ͸󣬳ɫشֲ̫ҡײλȴǺܳ͵Ůӵġ
ĵûʲôǵģҲͦϲѣʹӴС̫࣬˵ʡˣԻϵġ
λǰ¶ģھӣϽҲۣҲÿ˪ҶźĴ룬ͷʱ໰
Ѻڸˣ·ӭ˳ĵͬϸ:
ʹȼǵ½ЩĪĸ鷳ڹҲǲס
ĵ˵ͷӦˡ
ǣ̫ͬӸ߽ЩţȻ˭۸㣬ةҵմŮ˵ҲȥǽݵģŮͬϯĸ㲻
һ٣Щɵص:
ĸ֪صģֻҪͬλʲôǣةҵıǿ㲻˳Ҳ޴ġ
ɫƽǹɵػ:
ǣŮʡá
ŷģĵ֣ˡ
ûٿڣ˪Ҷźһյ裬ǰĵ:
С磬ҲûüţǹµĸģСһЩӡ
ıͽȵԵʣθЩãֻ˼ڱ㲻ˣ˪Ҷֻ³ȥ
˹ǰͣڱֺ꣬־ҲµվţʢȥĲ磬ǰ滹˺üؾصصţ£Щ϶ñƼǰ治Զѹ˲μң主ҵһȦǰ˹ӣֶġ
˭˲ةһҺôɣҲлһɡ
ȻתۣͿĺ棬Ǵ䣬ҵ
΢΢üӷ£μҵȴͻȻ˶ֻмķ͵ƿŮ΢̽ͷһ˫ˮĴۣԶԶأ񲢲ƵسĿ
ȻδΣȴһϳĽŮӣةҵմŮν
ֲãһǰһһʥϳţһָ飬⣬͵ȫ԰ء
˪ҶʱҲչǰ⾰󣬺Ȼ־ͽĵקҲ֮¡
СˣԽԽ
μСū治֪Ķ棬ȻֺصڵķǴ
˪Ҷߣ˵˵ţȴȻʶʲôԽԽͣ漴Ȼֹ
ūū챿ūԽˣСдū澾ǡ
˪ҶЩ˵̫ˣȻҲ֪Լ⻰ףҲӦС㡣
ﻹǷֵǷǣ˪Ҷûжĵģֻ飬̫Ļڲԣ˰֣ʾ˻̿:
£ǰ˵˵ˣֻ˹˶ӣǽжǽеĺá
ģɣ˿ɲΣֻȳסڸŵģпܻҡ
˪ҶȻص˵ͷμ£»ָžʱ˪Ҷƿ⿴μҺҵѾӰˡ
˪Ҷʹȥǰߣųꤹʯϵǽ˻ʹ
߹عţѾнӴ̫ӭ˪ҶͬĽ˵μӹģĪǸλλ׾죬Ӧġ
̫ɫ׾ϹϾأЩϸ/Ӹ:
Сֽˣ﹬̫࣬ѾڻʺкŹˣ
͸οճȥɫЩҲûԱţػһΣණǲãҲԼˣֻҲ³ʲôأԳٳû
˪Ҷ񿴳ǣЦŸ:
СĪǳʱûˣ﹬ϴι磬ӵǡ
˪Ҷôһ˵ŷĻ˪Ҷͬλһйȥ
˿ѹ˳밲ʱûôƫȥġ
СٶһΣһ֮أλʱЪŵġ
ӦˣͷѾʼЩ֮⡣
˵ƫʵҲ٣ûʣļѾΣÿÿл̲ס̾
˼ţѾˣֻŽ壬ŶŽҶ顰֡
һŽȥ׵˷׷׿ȥʺ⣬мվźĹŮʱüЦѾԾվ:
ˣúӣĸߡ
ҲЦ߹ȥʺй񣬵ûʺʾŵ˴Բࡣ
ϴι磬ûԼŮˣ˿ȻϲĽĵ֣̬еͬʺ˵¡
ʺׯĸµģͬȻҲİݼڣСÿμˣʹͶٲ˵ġ
Ȼû˵һأʺʹѾһľ䣬ܴһԺϱʤͷվɣһǼֵơ
ʺѾߴ澡ЩڷΣɫۿܿϳ˵ģ˵£˿ոѵá
ӱֱǰ
ЩʽӱΣЩûôһЩҪʲôúˡ
ʺֿЦһЦ:
ĸǰԱаģ֪ǺõģôЩǧͷϲľˣúӣϽɣˣСӴͶȥ԰䣬ǶտƷֵĺɻǺÿʱ򡣡
ĸϽлʺֻۣȴʤھϸµȥԺ󣬻ʺֲȥЩЩ
ÿʺаݼ̣пʺĸҲĶãܸʹͣһٵ
ʺҪ飬ţһȥһѰԽĺ󹬹⾰
һ·;๬겻󣬵˵ܵ棬һһʮظ˵Щƺĸλ
ǽߣס˶ټˡ
ȻɵþǰҲ㣬ձڸﲻóȥ벽˵ʵᡣ
ںܿ͵԰ߴĹ¶ź󣬾ǻʺ޲ĺɻˣĻȻʢ
ƺɻͤͤˮС
ϲЩݵģ˵Ǻɻذ꣬˵ǼϡƷ֣ɫŵҲĿ
ԺһЩϲ֮鷽ӿͷ̧һͼԶվһŮӣױݾȹƺƵظ๬Ů̫࣬ɫȻü۰ؿ
߲ơ
ûʲôѾһεˣԪ㽺͵ʥϣЩгԹģ£ǰν޹áеȥһƵĳ嶯
лҪ˵˼ңһһСʫǱעˣԴ|ġɿߡ
һµǾдɻʫԭǡӽ.ͬܽء:  Źհ

 23 

νȷõö, ׹ٰһƷة࣬ǷͷʢĳСų, ò, 
ǵϴι磬ԼٰΪ, ΪŵĶ, £˽°װװνüá
ԭټ򵥲, ޷ŮЩС˼尲Щǰ£λةฮСжв, ԼҲ飬ſٰ㲻˳, 
ػһʱ֮˼, Ҳûô, ¿μҶС, ²ɵෳᡣ
ȻƵ, Էȴ˶, ת˲˼ǧ, ջǲͬٷִ֦
㻽ȥ, תһ:
С㡣
࣬ȴΪǻӲ˼, üһЩ֪Է׷Źˣֻ»еĲĥ
޷תͬһ׵:
Сױɣˡ
ƤЦⲻЦشк۳νһڹ˺ƺƵڵسԼ治ɫ
ν壬ü΢۵Բʱ:
⹬вμӹŮ죬ǳͬ״ʣȻҳͬĸһλ֣Ҹ˵һƷ˵ˣŶԣСôļӣȻĿתߣ鸮̳Ĺأ
⻰һ˵ڣľزĲú΢üͷ
Ҫ˵ν񰡣ǲǲգƽ˽½ҲͰˣڹУ˶ýС΢ƫƢȥʹةฮΪ
ôⱳϵȻȴôҲͻʺ̵ģó裬ôȴһӰٳ׵ȴϦĵĵ˭ףϥûһãĸʽҲͰˣӵƤӵ·ʵڿЦ
ֵ̫˵Ļ֪ԼѾһССĹټС㣬Ŵ鸮ĸԼʺ˵
Ͼ˵أʱУʱûة࣬ѧĺЩأɲǻʺ̵ֽģ
ȴǰһȻҪΪ˵̶:
ԴЩ㶷ðɣʵˣЩ˳СӲˬ۾ͿˣûпãǹⵡģÿĸһͬΪϣһ
νôЩŮ̫ģ浱ͻ붼ҪԿģҪν񵹴һңС£Ҫǵʺĸ˵棬˵ǣٳԹ᲻ֻ֮Ҫɽڣûա
ķ䲻֪٣ϹȴģȻνǵûмþգΪԼѹƣҲԽͱ:
˵ûѣ
С㿴ǵһССƷ֮ŮС㾹ȻĿˣ˵ûСôЩˣϹ𣿡
ԴǼ˿һ˿棬ҲνһɣԻ䣬ĵ˲ЦҲ˲סˡ
˵ˣٵӺҲܻν徻ˣ̼ͷһ̶ܵһЦһͻȻν߽Щ
Ž޵뵽񶾿ĳ;ŻҲ:
˵ЦˣüȻڿͬҽأǽһͬúú˵һ͸öĹء
ͻȻһЦνߣ:
ΪְߵͻĹҲ֪Ķ࣬ûиСϸŸҵĵǹĸλҲǾͳĲѡ⣻ͬСδ˻֮ǰʶѸҵĻԼͬ㶩飬ֻԼ֪ˣãһŮӣ޻Լ֮ʱһ˻죬ɷ֮ͬ
䣬νѾ˲ͫ΢Щˣת͵ƿģ˪Ҷۼֿ죬һѷסԼС㡣
С㣬û¶ɣ
˪ҶЩģҡͷͶһͬŶ档
νѾּ˿ָĵָⶼڷȴС
ΪǸ۸ģһֱŲȻٰѣȴԷȻǿƣһ֣νĹѪͷСţ˭ֱ棿ֱʹܵɳӰİ¾Ͱ಻סԼƢ:
˵˵ˣ㾹ң
ڲԵŻνǰһȥģԱߵϽǰģνЩŮ̫Ҳ֮ǰңһʱ֮԰ģЪؼνļк
Ի
ľվ˪Ҷʱʱһ£ȴ̬ȹٲϷˡ
һ֮ʣԶԶأ԰һŴȴһĽŲԼһͳ:
ס֡
£ɧҵȺ˲䰲һ˵ȷ׷׿ȥ̫ӵ£һƣüŭ֮⣬ֹĻȻҲǳڡ
̧ۿȥ̫Ԫ󣬳һڹ⣬ȻվԪ㽡
˿̺ȻƽԺĵɵɫأׯϴɫۣһ˲䣬ĶΪֿǰѾϮλԪ㽡
ȻʶЩС֮ǰʵǸӰˣʮ꣬õĻȫʶˣûϲŭ޳ȵģһϲһȴһ/ɡ
ϸϸؿȥȴֻ΢ü񡭡Щǡ
룬̫һ˵ѾߵǸνԵĹˣԼ׷׹Ԫɫÿǿ۸һ:
֮ͥ԰½д֣ɺͳ
񣬸˸Ӻڣνȴһһߵһ߸̫˵:
̫ӵ½𰲡ŮةฮմŮϽ񡣡
̫ӵԳŮȣںҲССͽһ԰ˡ
õúģ⻰һ˵ڣνԸŵģڵûƽĹˣСһ亹
Ĳ֪̫ӵºС𣿻ǲ֪ʺȻ̫ӵµǰ˵Ļοͽ䡱һνȻǰ϶Խ֮ˣ⹬ͽ˵ģֻйӡ
ȻԪ˵꣬ѾǰתΪһһ
ͽ䣿֪һة֮Ůδ󹬣˸Ȩʹͽˣôĵӣ
̫ӱϾ̫ӣƽʺͣѵǲŭ˲ɵη塣
νһ㶣תһʶԼĴ촽΢ҲЩţһûлػ
Ӧͨһ¹ڵϣɥ:
ϢŭŮ֪ĹŮΡ
ģ̧ۿԱվö˷ģȻĺ:һʼðģƾʲôĺúöģȴΪ̫Ҫﶪˣ
ţԽȻְ̧֣ìͷָġ

 24 

̫ӵ, ŮȻдŮҲίһʱ˵˻, ̫ӵĹŮһΡ
Ԫ΢΢ü, û뵽ôַӦִץĲš
ĵһֱԹδһԣ˪ҶȴЦ:μСĪǳԴҩˣȻ̫ӵ¸С״ĪǴС賤, Ϊ˶
Ԫû, ʾԲŵĹһ, ֻʣνڹţԪţǴҪΪİóڶ
ϴڹ, ĸ˽¸۸飬ֻǵʱѽ, ֤ȫޣþŸֹȥ˺, ˵˹, ȴȥ԰;, תһ, , ɲѹɵŮӣ, ָһ־磬żææ԰, ȻսͿⳡ֡
˵ίϸϸ˵Ǻί
Ԫ㲻˵Ļ, ƽºͶغԹ¸Լʽ΢ļ鷳ټϴС֣˭ܱ˽ãν⸱ģ˭֪ǵƵģ޷Ǿǳڶ⣬ֵԣ˳ͻ
νȴΪԼĿĴﵽǰ̫ԸΪֹϽֿڵ:
£ҷ԰ڣСˣ˳ŮһתߣŮͬкͽסû˵أŮͬ˵أŮŮš
˵׾ӣͣˡ
üһľԼеˣԼֽкãǺһͷȥβ٣ͼӴ׵ĺϷ
⻰һ˵˲ԼƲĸɸɾԼίƵģеĴϣָԼԽҲΪףˡ
棬ղǸֺֿڳԵμҶСĶȥˣĪΪĺ߼ѭĻ̫ӻţ˼ҺôڻʹﳤʲôûһҳüͨĴĵһף
Ȼ⻰һľͷԭʱʱǵؿԪԪ㽣˲͵Ԫ΢ԴعһЦ
ԪҲֱԣ˶ӵģҽĹ˵ƫ̻ģʶɲװһתĵ:
ã߱ζС˵Ŀʵ
ǰһһ:
صµĻζС˵٣Ů޷˵Ƿʵ
ԪʾıתȥŹڵ϶ŭĿӵν:
ãָֻ㷽ŻĲ֮ɷ񣿡
ʱˣ˵ǲ˵Ҳƽҹеȡ
νû˵:
һ˵԰Ӻһתߣ£˭˲֪ζСĳƢҲ˵ҸҲҶ˲һֻۣûվͬ粵ˣ⻰Ҹ˵֪Ϥ֪⻰Ҳϲһ˵˵ǴġڵʱʲôҲ
һ٣۳ν΢΢ʼ㣬Ȼǰ̬֪֮ģֽϻһˣǰ㽿ųŮӣʲôĻ˵ھǣǳģֺαظԼһ۵Ʒδ̫٣ǵ˻ʵǶֻ»ʵҲš
ߣ˵ֻǽסͬҴкĪø̵ļǶøְѹԷʱ۸ߵͣÿеССƷȴҲǵʥյ֮һһɲһŮȱᡣ
䣬ν̾粵ſ:
ǵģҡ
̫Ԫһɨȥνŵֵͷ
ĻüĿƽ͵ģ˵ÿһ֣֮ƶͬϹţЩǱܻνγ˼ķԪ㽴˵һ̿ʼӾû뿪
ܾʣ˵Լ͸ЩǡôԪ㽴δŮӣҲͶЩøУܿͬŮӲһ
ķſ˪ҶĲһԪֵͷν:
˵㣿̫ӵºӶþΪҲ˼ö»ԼˣĸһЩ檼Ĺذˣ˵ʥϲѡ⣬ûиСϸ檵ĵ⻰аִ˵һŮӣ޻Լ֮ʱһ˻죬ɷ֮ͬ⻰Ƿаִ
ͷβҼû˭գҲûõۣˣȴȻӹţ˵Ƶġ
˵ţĵɫźۼһ˲ŵ˫ȭҧгݵνﾹһ˿졣
˵ǲˣǻҿϸˡĸñӣ˶ڣţֻ֪ģɲֹڿⶥñӸù˭ﶼһ˶ء
㡪
ν͵̧ͷϿ̱ҲȫԹޣƺ޲һ̾ȥҧƵġ
ֻ󼸾仰˵ǡˡ֣̫Ԫ꣬ӣվһһֱҿĹǣɫһ˲䶼úǸӡ
ةӢһ˸ܵʢĴŮϧȴֺͿһʱһԴСŮ
ԪѾϵ涼νˣ˵ײˣҿŮһʱ֮ܣ֪Լûʱİɵˡ
ζС㡣ϣ
ڣνһ˿Ѿ޷ٷôҲ಻Ļѻˣֻܷ:
ŮֻǡֻһʱͿˣȻûҽ˼
ˡ
ԪνüЩͷ:
Ǳȥ븸ĸ˳ҲʱͬǺú˵ɡˡ
̫ӵ¡
νæںֹŻŵأЩ޴룬
֪ԼߵˣǻװԭأҲް취ˣŵĻѻ©ٳǻʺʥˣֻ³ѿνҲֻѹķߺޣ͵͵شͷȥ:
̫ӵ£ĳŮһأŮ֪ԸҽǸ
⻰˵ã鲻ԸģĿķƲԪôðɡ
ԪȻҲֵ̫ѿϾ磬˸ʲ죬˭ù
±̾һν˰:
ҲգȥСĪҪˣһء
νŸһҧ´Ƶվߵǰ:
ҽ㣬֪ˣٲ£ԭذɣ
ֳǸ߳ļЦְν
⻰ˣԺҪģǼ䲻Ļ˱ա
⻰˵ǱԸҹ²ˣνһȴּ֣ν񷽲ΪŹŪҵۣЦᣬȴԽ͸Ȼ:
ãԺҪеĺãң̫ӵ£ɾָ˭ˡ
֪ôνͷһĪоһ⡣

 25 

ĺǺ̫Ԫһ, ԪҲڣȥʺ˰뿪ˣǰ, ķ, תͷ޵
ʵЩεģֱܲ˵, 㿴ʲôĻ
ʱ, ʺһ˾Ĺˣ˵һȫ׼׵, ʺ١ʺתͷͬ˵:
ʱδʱ, еµһǰ磬רЩĺ׼, ʫֿɹۣʱԪһ, ûô, , ʶüǧ, ٲ˵ġ
Ӧ, ںʱ, ʺ̫ԪĻ:
޿Ҳൽˣĸ, 㸸ʶᣬΪѡһλԺԼϲģҲ̧һ
ԪȻͷ, һеĸţһһԲżΪʺ󲼲ˡ
ʺʱȴȻģЦ:
ƽ˵ҲȥμЩСļᣬʲôټѡǣֻǱͬ˽İˣֻҪƷòׯ־úõģǱȻǺùˣԿѡ
ķ꣬װ˼һ΢΢Ц:
ɻʺΣŮһõѡֻǼЩͣԪЩ
ʺԪһۣνЦ:
㵫˵޷
ĵͷǣּ:
Ǿ׵ݴ˼ҵĵճỤ̊ŮͬҲЩ飬ŮƷòһ鹧˳ҸƷĸȴǸų¼ҵĵմŮ¼Ҵ˵һƷ̫ʦҲжţŵڡ
ʺһǶ죬ˣ޿Ҳ޲ɡ
ͷȥ̫ԪҲ޲ãʺˣպϸ˼
δʱ
͵Ǵ˴ǰ֮أ̨׸ΰֺꣻǽ̻ԻͣѾųϯ㹻İʣϾǽƣߣһȥƽӻ
ȥм輧Ŀյأ߸ϯλÿϯλмʸ㣬ԽǿǰλȻҲԽݵ
ǿԪãԪ²ʮ꣬һֵߣΪǽɰֹͣϲ㡣
Сһ棬̾׺һ̸˵غò죻ʱҲ½½ˣǻףҲһ֣ģͬĳλ״ʣﳤʶؿġ
ıû֮ǰǰˣΣʵʵῪ
ⳡ磬û֣ʵ̫ӵ£ȻǵʲãҲвġ
Ϊԭ򣬲ֱԪߣϾӹкЩĶһƷ֮ŮǰͷλأͬԪԪ˵ˣԷŵķŲλãȹڣһתͷȴԪ㽲֪ʲôʱԱߵλã֧ͷӿ
Ҫǣסһ˲̧۾Ƽν尲Ҳ˵ڣֱֱ߱ȻҲݵĺԪ㽵ĺ档
գۣ΢ͣһʱ֮䣬֪÷˭ˡ
ˣ֪ʱƤԪãαΪһ̰Ҫڵһſࣿ
Ҳ벻ͨĸ໹еǿλλӣҲźܶ࣬ôƫƫ
ⲻ֪ǹ⣬ս͵Ͷģˣ尲ʵڼȴνִҪĸиӣ֪ôЭˣһ
Ļ˻ȻǣɣֻȵСƣô˻ٺúÿϱӶûôעϸ衣
Ԫ㽼ĺ黹ӣһǱŷŵƣֻǱ:
ãղɺã
ԪͣĲδ̻ӦۿΧߣŵ:
˵Цˣ粻Ƿ԰ļղ
˵⻰ӶûǰĸŲشҲЩģԪһᣬǰ뿪ԺǰǱ֮Ծˣ续üĿ˲
˵ȷżʱڳӼǷ粨ͬ˵㲻ã²Ǹ˵ϻ
Ԫ⻰˵ľ˲ɫӵʵҲķӦʵԪ⻰壬ҽ˵ŪúʲôԹʲôƵģǲбҪȥ̫ҽô˵軰ĴԽԽˣ
үĵĽȻе㣬ҵޱүĪҪͬҶԣԸ
Ĺг˵ǰ棬ʡõȻ⽾ܲɫˣƢ
ȴԪ㽾Ȼҡҡͷһ:
ʵˣ֪õӣȻġ
ÿΪ԰һ޷չգ
ӡ
ͻȻԪ㽣ϿƽͣԪȴж뷽ɢͬ䵭ֱ䵽Ŀȥ֡
ڹУԣǻ׹ݣȴһСС֮Ůۣﲻ𡣡
Ԫһҭþûнϻֻû뵽˽ƳۿƵνԪºȻ:ĶԼ֪߳ҲͰˣܵǰƵƵ¡
Ԫ㽾Լҧֿʼ˿˿Ƶı/Ű֮⡣
ν尲غȲ裬ֻʱʱĿͶб෽ʱʱһЩӵʹ⣬װ裬ʵĿҲֻԼ֪ˡɲ֪ôĪһ˿ձĸоһƽӡ
ҲƲ̫⣬ȴ֪Լʱλӣһյ󣬿תı˲尲Ȼһ²⡣
Ԫ㽲ŲܱôֻһһעߵĶǰһƬˣͦϲģĽζ
ܱȴͻȻƿմһԴЩ̱Ů:
ʲô˲ġ
ȻƷԱҵŮһ裬ϡʲôˡ
ν˵߳һм֮Բˣȴ㹻ˡ
尲Ԫ㽶ͬʱȥĵɫȴкδӣߵСѾߣҲûаࣻ䳰ȷλüۼȫڸǣʵɷ羰
ỹûˣԪȴȶŭˣǰ԰ʱ򣬰̫Ӻô๬ڳóΪһŮ˵ԼãҲ¸鷳
ֻˣﻹڳԣĻûʲôӦԪѾ޲˺:ҲǻǱǷǣ˺

 26 

ȴ, ԼûüڣȴȻһ͵ĳ:
Сԡ
֮ȴԱ, 尲
Ԫ㽻ͦ, è޺ӼٴȱϽ̧һĸûΪ˵ĻκηӦ, Ű
ȥ, ǿڲԵζС㣬ǲֵ, ŭĿĵĺ󱳣Ԫ㽿ˣ¾ͻ
Բȥ, һν񣬴ڲԪ㽱Ŀ, е㶣֪ԼôλСء
ֱνһ, ͷƤ֮, Ԫ̧в豭ǰ, , Թ̺:
˵, 
λǶűҽеĵߴ֮ˣ
ǸѶʼɵڵ, ϸôһԼӶ, ټֵֻֿ̱գӲ۵һֲʣ
˵⻰ʱͳ, Ҳ㹻ͷν˵һϸ£ְָڳ涼սսزҽӻֻЦүôö˶˵ֿʼˣⱻָɣνԸû˼ȥԼͷϵӣֲûԪԴԺ˲һһ󣬺òʡ
ԪҲδἰ˭գҪ˷Ҫ⻰ԼͷϿۣԼӣƫ˭ˣ£⻹ʲôý
νѿǣòںĶĲ㣬عڻˣǼʤһԼŴŻͳģû뵽ͻأģָűó̹ȻŹء
尲ɫҲÿԲѷԺûٿνһۣһɫν֪ԼǴۣʵһģͿƲסԼĵĶʺޣҲˣȥ⾹һܰ˵仰˶ûС
ν죬İޱؾȥߣֹû˵
ƽһǲãνȴڲżʫ˵ӵĴˣʵǾ׵Ľ:۰᲻һҶڼˣʫЩС㣬ǼԪ㽵ģԾ̾գĿǣŮ߲֪
ȻЩԪһӵܣȴԴ˿һźɫУ޽̻竲ʵŭĲݰһ
νǷŮȻԪ㽵Ĵţⲻ˻Ǽ²⣻벻Լͷһغ㽻ĳ龳¡
ŭȴʵʵضԪ˽֪ĹΥ֮Щ𣬶ôˣ춼ˡ
ϿŶԲϷĮģʵҲˣԪ㽰Լ˵ʵǺģӾνķȴСʵڲĪЩЦ֪ǰӲȴ˵ֵزƽʢ˵ļƵȻ޴棬ҪԼ֪νƢԣ»Ϊ˿Ԫ۸ء
˼죬νίͰ͵ؿ˺еȴվûٿڣֻǾĺεºܣǰռ尲ҲͰˣƾʲôλҲ߿һۣԼҲǰǧ棬ȻǶֶ˼Թޡ
ͷβĳȥһʼעźͷûԺҲû˵Ԫ㽵ȷ٣֮У̵ֻԪһˣм֮࣬ҪЩĺá
ֻһ뵽Ī޵ľ֮٣ıʶЩꡣĳ񣬲Ծʹǰİϰºõľƣ˪ҶƺƸȤսĵ:
С㣬ū澷֮ǰˣ׵ɾƺǺ깱ƣºͣССüⷦ
˵ţ˪ҶСɵ񱭣ȵһЩģһڣȷҲ֮С
ԼЩ̹ı˺Щϯһϣ屭¶ǣҲƲˣֻ΢˼£ջǾȥߣ绺һ
˪Ҷŷ˱׷ͶĿ⣬ԪԪ㽵ΪУԶԶس̫ʾ⣬˳ȥ
ʱҹĻ٣Ѿ˿˿ˣ˪ҶһȦȥ˵Բ԰ӡ԰ӲСи˸ͤȥĹˣǼž
վں߿˻ҹɫµĺɻ˵Ĳ԰ģҲǼÿģżԾˮȥҧǺɻĻ
ʱȴȻƾһ꣬һνһΣ䵽ԭƽĺϡ
˪ҶϽͬһȥԱߵͤһܣµĵҲֻǵȻһ磬ֻȹʧ̬ɲá
ֻǷźЩСƣͤڵ˿ϣԲٿµЩ˯
˪Ҷ˼ڹҪлĵĺ⣬վš˼ȥʱ䣬ǰҪ˶þҪʱһôȥμأ㿪ͬĵ:
С㣬ڴ˴Ϣūȥƫ¹ҪֽɡһͣˣҲ֮ܵ
ĵ˵ͷ˪Ҷ漴תȥ
ûˣĸǾԽƣˣ˼ۼˣ˯ǳҲ˲ġ
ȻյĹ򣬱˳ɡ̤ͤڵʯϣƶĽѥϣѾմЩͤĳʪ
ԪԳģԴĳ˱͵б಻۳ǸСҲ֮ȴδŵƵƵסﾹ೩죬㲻ܲ˵ɡʱͿͤССԾһŮޡ
Ԫ߽ˣŷûа֮⣬˼ԼˣҪôء
ԪҲ˿ϣòǺܽ΢΢ǰӣʱҲԽЩ
:Ļ֪ڶûм֮ǰѾ˵ģ룬ܾãʹϵ룬ȴܹԵڵġ
ʵϲÿһΣ⻶ϲͶһ֡Ԫ㽰Щ˼ѹĵףδκϸ֪ʲô飬УֻǷġ
͵رۣƽʱ䣬֪˷Ůӣ䵭ֻЩˡ
շġ
ƫͷϣ˯ԽĳˣǰŻ֮ƣԪʶĳȥӣ˰ȴͣͣԺִͳδùķϸϣչȥ޳ָ⣬һסĵİܼߡ
޷ģ⴦Ʈӵţͷ˱ϡ٣·ˣҲῴģ竹壬Ҳ֪ŮҪֻ˿Щ֮˽һذɡ
ᡪ
尲ǺòײŰν͸͸ģ԰¶Լδ˵ˣⳡ粨δ룬νȷԴĵģټϸղϣֱڸʵѰѰ˻ȥͬĵǸġ
Ǿϴǰ㲻ĳ棬ͷִܾİ㲻֣˵ЩҲֻһʱˡ
ֻͷһˣûѰİټԶԶأȴȻһͤԲгƼõ̴ԣټڵû̫壬ȴҲƼӰڡ
һϲ㳯Ǵȥ
лҪ˵â֣˰ϣ˵ʢĵĸоˡ

 27 

öûô˯, ټԪ㽲δʹʲôİá
Ԫ㽿, ֪ʲôʱȻյǰ, ˯ճ
ֱһ磬ϸ꣬ӭ֮ʱ, ۽, ۡ
һ˲Ļ, ûӦԪ㽺΢ͣ͵, һ˲Ҳѹ, Щ㶵ؿ
ԪʱѾʶ֣еȻȻҲƮƮ䵽, Ԫû˼ȥ, ֻЩκ޴, ̧̫ۿˡ
ǿ˰ɣ˻һ˲, ǿ˵ġԪﵣ:ô, ᲻ǵͽ, δĪΪûӷ֮龳зӦ
ɲΪʲô, Ԫ㽶Щڣǻùϵģôһ򻹲, ǰգǶ̫󣬲Żᳳĵġ
ͤµЩбЩĵķϣЩϸܵʱԪ㽹̧ۣȴĲ֪ʱָֻ˴ǰǸ̩ɽǰ治ɫģδаãֻûٿתԱߵĺ档
ӴǰŮ˵⣬ͬŮЩˬͲˣӼ¡
Ůӱ˵ŷСĻȴһƶֲͬŻ˵ⷬ
Ǿ仰ô˵ţ£һｵһԪƽѱɵǰȴÿÿ˳èһסе˼ֱ練ơ
ԪЩͷҲԼоԼǣƵ΢ܸУ֮ǻһ˱ˣѵãû滹װȻԪ²͸˼ȴ˹ϵδΪ֮е˵ļ
Ȼ˵䲻ģԭϵҲþˡ
Ԫ㽱æӦ:
Ȼؾ֪ӲʣųѰġ
ЩЦϹı²٣Ҳ֪ͼʲôֻ˼ǰ㰵ؿӡ͵͵飬Ԫ㽻ɵϰˣֻÿڸƽϰˣԽԣԽ
ľδ᷽Ԫ֮£Ԫ㽣ʼҲ˼ӣǰ۽ƳĿ:
أ֮˶ӣһǽЩĺá
Ԫһ㶣Ҳ֮УͣסԭأԶԶأûࡣ
СǺõģˣֻƽǲӣԸҵɡлȥ˹Ӽɡ
˵⻰ҲǿǵŮ֮ȻȻͬһȥվǲ塣
̬ȴУҡҡͷ:
лӺˣŮ죬ҵŮȥȡɡˣϾͷӡ
Ԫ㬵ر죬ʱѾ΢ͣ־ղű˼ҵǳҲһʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲôʾˡ
Ŀ˿µ;ʲôƵģȥԪ:
ӣһ£Ҿûͬ㽲ĺá
һ٣ԼҲЩ㣬ú󿪿:
ӷһϯ˵ʵڸмվǾţɲأҲһƷټ֮Ů֮ϣʮϰ˫ӶţζСһʱ֮죬ûյģҶգ󣬲ΪССͬ˵ȸ֮Ŀ
⻰˵ʵƯԪȴҲԾϸ֮ף֮⣬ǲ泡ϣͬԪ㽳һ˿ϵΪڿǣԸüƽϣԪƫ˵⻰˵ˣ롣
ɵþ·ᣬ죬ر:
ζڽ֮ǰҲЩӡģ󲻹ǰÿβμϯƼĳϣػرڰŪǷǣ⾩ֻҪģŮӣͶҪһţáһ
ƷԹŭ˾֪ϯ֮ϣҲǷζǸӵųˡ
Ԫ㽴ϴԶ׼ʧ䣬˵ƱǻϯϣʵǲʮǧƽڴˣҲҪĿһ
Ԫ㽽ѹļͣȴװҪǲ֪ĿֻҲҪƭ
òؽ黳£˵⻰ģֻǱԼԸͬûаָϵ
ּؽţļȶΪǲԼʲôǵίģ
΢΢̾һЩεЦһ:
ӣ̫ҷŵĻ˾С΢ʲô˵ĶЩ˵ӦҲҵ˼˼ñǡ
֮⣬ҲҾǲôһ£Ҳ˼ţԼһԼȻʡȥܶ鷳
˻һһ˵ţⲻ֪ʮ߿⣬尲ڼɽüؿǰһС
վˡ
֪ʲôʱѾ˫ȭȴֻ￴ţǰʸûС
һ˲ΪԼۻˡ
ϯ֮£Ҳȷ뷨תһ룬ԼƢԱ꣬˭˳ۣҲڰġ
¿ش
ѰĵʱһңʵѰˣ˵ʲôκǸ⣬޻˵ֻЩνĻֻ˻
Ѿûмˣ֪֪֮ǰɺȫˣԼ֪Լֻõһǳһͨ
ȴû뵽Ƽ⸱龳
ʵ޷ܵʹ⣬֮ǰȥ˻ʱľҲǺһ˺ѷΣһżʺͲʵģ޴εۡ
尲ǲ۴۳Ĳ֪Ԫ˵ʲô΢΢Цһ£ǰʱºƽ
Ľ㣬Ǳᣬһж޹أһ
Ǹģ㣬ƫƫǸʤҴδͬġκιìܣ޿ܵģԪ㽡
øõġ
֪һ˲·ʧȥ˺ĿڶµĴĶʼԹӿͷĥ
ǰԸô룬ܾԼ֮ôʱ֣˵ϾͶϣʵѪܵǰӣһС
尲޳ָʶؿżɽϵʯָѪҲδͣ£
˿̲òϣԼѾʼˡ
˻һ£ǰҵشᣬûкڣҧԼ˵ûԺݣȢؼңǳһűͷ֪Լˣ֪Լ֮˽ޱȣǸʱûкڡ
ʵʵڸܵĻ뿪Σбȡճλãдϣ౻顣
ڿʼˡ
ǰԹ޺Ұһ˲䱻Ժ޷Լ侲һˣòԶѱӣ΢ͷɹ˳վߡ
Ԫġ
վڼɽ˿˫ɺ죬ҧгݵضͤķһƬ
лҪ˵ṾˣԹԵոǧģ

 28 

֪ʲôʱ, ͣˡ
ĿԪ㽺һѾ˵Ȼ:
ӣͣ, ûȥˣһҪȵҵŮ, ȥμɡ
Ԫ죬ջûǿѣĸһȥ˵˼仰, ̬һֱ, Ҳתˡ
һ¹
尲ڼɽԪ㽾ʱ, ΪòǺܽ˶㣬ԪҲδԭﻹ˸ڡ
ۿԪԽԽԶ, ֱӰˣ尲ŴӼɽ߳, ͤȥ
Ųԭת, һ˲ü΢, Ŀ
尲ûǰ, ԶԶͣͤС̨ǰ, עġ
ƫɫ, Ӧ˿װǾ仰, Ѿֶǰ۹ӵģˣΪԼǰǸλ˳尲
ֻǲ֪ѰǰʱԼ, ˲öδ˺ƤһѾѻ˵ǵľǿ, ӦҲǲԸŶԡ
˵˱ķӣե㡱ֵ尲ֽѾΨͼҹһһһõ
˽˶㲻ã˶ġ
ã˭ûȿڣĺְתȥȨ˴ûˣֻ˪ҶһصУԵ߰㣬ÿҲùܡ
ȿڵˣֻ尲ŵĺܣҲ䣬ֻ׿ǲĺǸʲôϸ𣬿ǻߣԼϻһ׮Լʲôʸȥʣ
촽΢΢⶯һ£βſڣĻ:
㡣
ƤǿͤԺΰڲ棻尲ģּǰ˷ӦعоõĹžǰ㣬䵭޲
һǾίӿͷ
ӹѵ֪ģǰҲºͣ񷽲ſԪƽȴżҲмЦͬڿྶͥ˲һĿȻ
֪˿뷨ֻҪЦǸ˳ӵĮǰҲϲŭ־ȫŮӣɴǰϻ˼ʮˣһ˻еĸ鶼ϣĹˣ;ˡ
ӿɺЩˣ
尲ҧŴǿջЦֻһȴϴδҵͬ˵Ƿˡ
㡱ٽУҲټ
ĻȫԷ磬ǰΨǴӵԸˣŭ£ȻĻ˵ˡ
˵ģģϴζѾ˵ˣ飬мǰŲ¹ʱıʹģ²⣬ĪѰʹ죬ǷŲ֮ǰڸʱõ飿
ľԼŶˡƾҲ䣿尲õģ̰Ĳ㣬ʲôҪ
尲ãҲûлػ˫ڹнճȭĿڵʹԶ˿ڵʹ
㣬֪ҡ
ţüͷһѹģ⻰²˵ʲôȴ̧֣ӻ͸ͷ°ɫӣһľ졣
Ǹ壬ֵԼǰ:
ǣ֮尲мԭңֻ㿴ڴǰϣٺҼ֡
壬ǵ鸮ʱ򣬽ҵôˣһֱϸĴϣδǹǰ

ͷβδһԡ
ЩˣͲʵģǰһĶʱ򻹾ʵ⣬ȻҲ£ȴҲͨǿй硣
ôһϴǸûãʼ֮ˣڿ֣ƨ֣ǴǰУҲ类֮˰ܵľ⡣
ۿǰ飬ȻŭЦ尲⣬Ϊתˣȴ˭֪ʱȴվŲ尲ǰ
Ӧһϲ뿪:
㡭
һ䡰㡱δ£Ѿ̧裬ޱһӣָⴥıԵ尲ûзӦ֮ʣ
ž
һһ䣬ҲӦˤڵϣúöһ񳹵׻ˡ
һнһ˲尲ֻûü˵Ѿֱԭء
壬ûһ˿ԥ
ҲʱͻȻ֣˵໰ʵһֶûлӦϴֵǰѿĵزôԸڶԸˡ
尲һ˲ֻʱÿÿѹͷĿֻͻȻѵһٶϯÿѾĮʱȴȻ䷢֣ԶİһĿֻš
ûе޵ģԺˡ
̧ۿԶֽɡ˪Ҷ尲߲һ˲̧ȥקĵ䣬Ѹٵض㿪ˡ
ûƽͤ⣬űһڿ:
Ҹ㡪ʲô֡
Ҷ⣬ǣһҸС㣬ĸԸȥһӶף游ĸ飬ܱ˵㱰΢ִٳޣ
֡
˵һǳ尲ȴǧأÿһֶѹͷǴĹ
ΪԼ־ףҵ˴޺ν֣رҵģǶͷһӵ衣
ÿһİ㣬塣
Щ˵һǲסҾ˵һ:»ٲͬʺãѶ
ǣʱ޿̲ڸǣ޲ȥԼܸˡ
һ仰䣬尲ɫ˲ף촽ҲѪɫʧǵشͷҲ΢΢ŵЩ񣬾ûһ
ʱجΣһжй
ǰף֮ǰҲףֻ˻ѣΪκˣɸղˤ˵һ
Ͳֻһѡ
ôеκѪܷʹĵȴ⧲ıѺͳ衣
֪Լڿ˵νжôЦˣ˵˭ʸֻ֣ûС
ѾԶˡ
ͷֻ⿴ȹڡ
ڵϣȥʰЩĲӵƬźȻǰʱµĻӣϸϸؽЩСĹ£клʱ棬в֪ʱܻ׷:Щ˵ӣǻ
䵽Ȼֹ尲ָⱻƣͣڰδѪһµģ顣
ү׷ڡ尲⻰Ҫǵã
ȥڲ
Ϊʱ

ôҲû뵽磬Ԫ㽾Ȼִ֡ƤԱߡ
ãɣּˡ
ͦεģҲּͲεľʵ۷ˡ
ö˶һŭɣͷЦһڴĪ˼ֺɵζ
ޱؿЦ꣬Ȼ°ͣؿ
ЩذͷתȥȴתĵطƲסǳǳع˹ǡ
лҪ˵ľ飬Ż¾͵սˣʱӻĵĶҳƺˣ

 29 

Ԫ, ͬ˵˼仰ȥӵ̸š
Ե, ˻ᶼة̫ߴ, ƫƫֻԪ㽣λһһسԾƣżƳۡ
Ҳ, ƽ֮ǰͿ๦, һЧТۣʥŨ, Ҳȥֺ˭̵λˡ
ֻɨһڶһЩλȻ, ֻߣȴǸմӵ۵ν
ɻ, ̧һӺݻ, ˿̷, ԴЩĿ, ԶԶֱ

ʲôʱ, Īصλ
Ԫʱת, лҪ˵, ȴĵĿ⣬˳ƹȥ, 
Ԫػº:
ɡ
̾ջߣԪʾ:
, 뽲
Ԫ֪һǲԸʧģҲһЦ֮漴ڵ:
㲻£أǨŭˡ
Ļ⣬빬ʱҲãδðˡ
ԪᣬʾĿԿճģǸǰÿζνλã
ǻĸӹ֪԰£ͽö˴ѵһͨ󣬷ζС㲻òμӴ˴ι磬йƫֳϾء
գ˲豭һȣû:
⡭
Ϊһټ֮Ů˴󶯸ɸ꣬һ֪ĸͻʺƣȴû뵽ݼڵֵز
Ԫ豭΢һڣԴ㶵飬Цһ:
֮ǰͬҪĸ֪Ҳ֪ϢˣòĻţĸþӺ󹬣Ȼ˼ʵҪ˵ζСҲȷôһģλȲة࣬ȴҲҪְοĸһͬģ
ʥ裬ں󹬲˷ˣĸһͲƽϣʵ΢ʣΣҲֻǽ԰֮£öСʹһˡ
ĲµˣȻʺȻͣȴҲ̫ģĵǵûʺ˵ԸŮһģﵽһ֮ĸͷҰҲԹûʺô
־͹νԼûɣ˽Ҳˣ̫ӵҷĸȻҪóܻʺ֪ǰŭ׼
ֲʥˣԪĻ΢΢Щϲͳء
Թνô۸ԭѹô̹ʲôϻһֶĲֻܹԹԵ췣¡
ÿνıߣϧȴûԪĻʺ
̫ӺĶĵĻȣһߵԪ򲻴ã΢΢üͷǰ޵輧ۣǰûö˿Ҳһ˲ŻƳ
ǹϵٺãֳϣñ
Ԫĵװĵ׶ԪһȫȻ֮ǰԼж಻֪ð֮ˡ
ˣҲתһͷԸûȤ
Ԫ˿ǰ࣬Ȼʲôֻ:
ãһ¡
ۼѾ΢΢Ԫ˼һ£쿪ڵ:
ι󣬹ﵹûʲô۵ĺˣĸñת㣬ѮɽΧԣҪȥ
һ٣ѹĸЩ
ĸ󻹲֪θʻѹʲôͷʺȷΧԺǿأҪھһڻ͹Աȥμӣǰȥ궼Ӳûǰټʢ˵ҲδٽʶЩ¹ŵС㣬óô˻ᣬȨɢˡ
ʵһ£ûᣬЩʱͬĸģ뿴ΧгʵɣʱȥԱ࿴һܽύѣһá
ĸͬʱȴδ£ǻȶҲͲˡ
ˣԺһͻȻһ:
˲֪֪ǰʱԼⳡ붼òμӵԣʵ۵ĲͷʵǴȥϷѲһ£ѲεСûʵʶòǴ
ǳУ尲ǲ֪Ķѧ䱾죬һٶТҲմã˳ةһ֮Ϊ尲⣬ǳͣȻȻѲ֮½ΪƷ䡣
Ʒ̫ߣʱͣ˽ԳΪ
尲һеĻԻͣǴӴ˿̿ʼģһʰ֮䣬һһöð
ĳ˼ţ˼Լǰֻżة൳ôһ裬δӸԴϾɻڴһпܣ񲻸򵥣
̧Ԫ꣬ǰδйᶨ:
Ůʵ£ԣŮܷμӣͬһ㣬жͷֲʸ𣿡
Ԫ˫΢΢ɴ󣬺ðβŷӦȴЦ֮΢Żص:
ÿμԣ
ԵǿԵģֻô꣬ƴδ˵ļҹͷ¶ȥµģ˵ҲЩΣգʺϹҵġ
ȻҲ֪Լ书УȴԹһԵģ尲˽⣬νһٶı죬Ҳǰ·Ҳ˵ˮ֡
£ԡֻǲ֪ûܿٽ̻书ģ
Ԫ¶ɫչüۣ΢΢Цһ:
Ȼ룬ǱһԣҳҶҵ̫ʱҲһĵ;Уһڽ̳ı£ùͷ
УǲȥǶлʳǵ֪ݣиҶ㲻ģʱѰһλƷжĽʿ̣ᾡľ
Ա˼һ£ŬѰŹУļ:
ԭΪӵܴУ̫٣𽥳˲ֽʿѵõǸУ
Ԫͷ
ǡ
ػȻήҲ˺þõԪ㽺Ȼ޵䣬˵ʲôУһ˲ǰһһӾֱӣˣ뷨Ǳ߶:
ãá
Ӳʹģתͷһ˿ͷ:
кηԸ𣿡
Сﻹأ˹ίġ
ҲûʲôֻǱӷ˵УǶЩȤˣÿѰ㰡
⻰ģ˵ѧʣ赶ŪǹԶģҲ㾫ͨǰƽϷأе֡

ĵȻ֪Ԫ书˵ãǰսӢûмģֻǴһʼû롣
Լˣ΢üͷȴȻ뵽ǰǳԪûвμӵģ֪Ұȥˣǲ֮ƽ
Ԫ㽲μˣⳡ£尲ʲô¶μӣ⼸̻ˣټȰ˵һﲻĿ
ĵһϲǴδ㣬ڿԪ˳һΡ
̴žž죬ԪȴǰŮԽԽ͵ݣûв˵аϲĻŭء
ƣ򲻸ˣȻƤشȥǻΪԼȡˣͶõĻᡣ
һߵԪָ꣬ḧĲ豭ԵǰչˣԽĿԪǸ겻ģ
ΣȻЦˡ


 30 

Ҫ˵Ԫ, òҲãΨһȱ㣬ҲЩ, Ŵ˵ϲŭ޳, ԪӴôΣҲûθſģǷͬ˵ʱ, ˳ʲôƵ, ĵǽһˮ
Ԫ뵽ʲôɵþʧЦ, ٿԪ㽵ʱ򣬾ʹ˼⡣
û뵽˵޷СӣȻҲаֻΪָһ졣
ǰȻδ֡
ԪҲһ̲źȻʶ, һֱССãѳ˼ĽĴˡ
ܱô, ԪǾźõġ
Ԫ˵Կ̫ܲºͣҲ緢, ȴ̹, ŮʱĿŵʾ, 塣
⾩ĹӸ, һʱ֮, Ԫ궼벻Ԫ㽸ʺϵĶ, Ķзºݲġ
Ԫ㰵¾, ȥͬĸһᣬСԼ´ܺİԼĸ, ҲʧΪһ׮̸
ţԪһ˿:
ôģԸ⣬ͲȥѰǽĽʿˣӽҲɡ
ˣӣӭԪһڴ飬ü˳۵:
˰ģŮмֻ̫߶ˣ⡭
Ԫ˲ϲ⣬Ӷ֣һǰ:
鷳ģ鷳ֻҪԸ⣬һ⡣
ȻԸĺܣ΢ͷǳһЦȪ:
ǳŮлһ⣬ָ̡
Ԫû뵽ô˵ͬˣղǸЦ棬Ȼ⻰΢΢һ¡
æĵͷ絷⣬ķƵģıˣȻҲлϲԪʱ˶֡
Ԫ㽲μӹ˵һˡ
ȫ̶û룬Ҳûͬ˷ִŹһֱߴת;˸ֽ书Ļᡣ
貵ģϹҵҹˣѰ˼ô𣿷һСⲻ˵ġ
ǰӻڿ˵СأԸͰ͵ȥˣȻӲڲء
ǰһգʵۺͻʺһͬλ˵˼䣬ʽˡ
ϸ߽ػ࣬ء
мԪżŹȥĴúҪæһ£Ҳػػˡ
ɵãȵӽβ֮ʱԪѾƮȥˡ
ϯͬԪ󣬳ڳִҹܾҪļλǺ͸׾졣
ķֺЩƣڿ£ƽ͸Աߣ
ԪԽԽͲסÿ뻽ǡʱһҹ磬ķᱡƮݣһӴԪһ۾Ƽġ
ʵŲǰͿ˵ģ̶ֱѣ¹ӳ£˶ȴһ
ӦǶ˼ζƽǶׯԳֵŮ΢Ԫ㽿ĳζûпĪ𡰷顱
ʱȴüŪ۵سԪ:
үʲôأūҲ
û˵꣬ԪѾۼֿطӣԵͷ˻ȥ:
ʲôҹ¶صģʲôÿġ
漴ƲƲ죬С:
Ͳ£үһֱڿūƲƵģڿС𡭡
ȻʱԪ㽺Ͼı飬Լհڵǰս˵ȭͷ˵һ͵ס졣
Ԫתͷٿǰմ˵϶Ӳȴòϣȷһ˲ľһˣԪ˼ţʱ֪ʲôʱģַͬѰһֱڳţʱܣʱϲ˶סöԼˡ
ǰʱģ˵ľ
ԪÿӣֶҵѾ£ʲôҲˣֻöֹ߳
Ҳֻ÷£תͷһԷԣ㣬̧ĸ첲:
ԡ
С͵ľѣ۾ҲظЩµ:
ôˣү
Ԫüͷ˼һ΢Щɵ:
Щ̫ףͬеģ֪ıҶ࣬߱Ҳûб˿ߣֻ㣬㶨Ҫ֪޲޲𣿡
ոϽͷʾ˵
Ԫ㽻Щ֧֧أ:
˵һˣΪһǣңΪΣ޹ģĪǱӻʲôļ
ɫһ˲úܸӣȻԼӻδأ񲻶ЩҲ̽ŻӦ:
ү˵һˣĪС㣿
Ԫȴһ뱻ʹèһ˲ͺ:
㵥شӵ⣬Щ
ˣ£Ѿȷˡ
ﰥСӲͣ찡ȻϲϱҹˣǸȥͲ̫ùյģԺһеĥҲŰ
⡭£ūŴС͸֪ģҲֻ̫˵ǡŮ֮飿
Ҳ£Ԫ㽺΢˵Ů֮ĸʱȣ־:
˵
Աɤӣһ´Ǻ󿪿ڵ:
ūŴǰǿЩģȥɸүҲһʱԼˡ
ͬԵؽһ˵鰮˵һ˻ϲһˣС¹ײǣӣ跹˼
Ԫһ˲ס֪뵽ʲôֿʼƽǰʲôˣԿ˿ƻȻŴ:
ԶԶԣү⸱겻ᣡ
Ԫ㶵ؿϸƷ˵һͨ:
˼˵ӡ
ԪȴȻס˿ڣ˫ִӽ͵Լһ:
УĶƾ㼸仰۶ϣûо鰮
ԪԽԽͣЩζ˵鰮ʵûоԶö࣬Ų鼱֮¿ڲ԰ˡ
ԿԪһԸŵӣҲöˣү鿪ԼĥɻУ绹ҪԼģ˭ĵù˭
ʱѾ׷׳˹ûзôˣʱͷЩ֣ŵƽʵģЩߺȡ
ʻţǰͷϳĳȴͻȻѯ:
үԲҵûг鸮ȥȥԱߵϽ֣ұ˳·Һǵһȥūò⣬ҪҪţ
Ԫʱƿǰһҵˣһ쳤˲ӿ˿ǵ΢ЩҺӵϽ֣򴽳һ˲
ϰɡ
̫ˣ˳⣬ңȵǻظʱȥ֣ƬǸլԺϽĺܣҹٵҲûʲô˵ġ
Ԫû뵽ľȻȥͻġ
Żڸ˵𻰱ӣһ̾Ȼ͸˾˵Ĳ¥
Զ˳ۿ˪Ҷﱧ˺ЩǸڷիĵģЦӯӯؽ˲¥࣬Ҳǲ¥һӣרС¥
˵˵ĽպͦãЦܺÿƽʱÿˡ
Ԫ㽿С¥ſڣûתֻƫͷȥ:
С¥Ļӣд˴ǵģЩ鰮ģ
ʧЦϻǱϹϾ:
鰮ġЩɫǺЩСƽģȥūҲмġ
Ԫһҭ˵ԭΪֶ˽ģϾЩڵϻǹɶģû뵽˱ŵĶ࣬Ŀŵģªˣ
ԪʱԼĲѰ֮뵽˵ӶнЩģһᣬ:
ߣһȥƣҵҪǷ˵ôϡ棬Ҷ㲻׵Ķֽܸˣ
٣ߵģ˽ԼӣɶɶУһ                        
лҪ˵С糡:
:ʲô׷ޡ
С:ЦЦʲôЦҿӣǲҲڿӣhetui

 31 

Ԫ㽺Զ, ڵؽС¥ڸܺ͵͵ĶЩӡ
һԵ쳤˲ȥ, ظԪ㽶:
ү, µģūŶûмСȻ, ճµľˡ
Ԫһ, оûΪׯĹС, ϲЩ黭ĻƽȻϲ黰
ǹװ
ۿߵ˪ҶѾһԼСõ, ߵ̨ˣԪ߹ȥ, ķܡ
ǲ֪ͷרӡͼ, һһŮɪľ, ̵, Щۡ
ү, СҪ, ǻ𣿡
ԵԪһ, Ԫ㽸Ͻ̧ͷȥ˶ߵſˡ
ߵ̨, ƹĵ:
λС飬һģһظҲһݡ
ƹһ£Ԫһ˲䷴Ӧ, ϽԸһԵʹӣȥá
Ԫ㽶һ죬ʵЩҲиʧֻ֮ղɨۿȥŮ˵Ļ棬;ߡ
һԼиʮҵͰõݵԪԸϽǰˣͶһͬȥҵҲû߶ԶԪ⽻˳ͣЩҲδֺͷһֱ˸š
Ԫ㽾ǧأͷβϵûɢֱ˺Щˮƽ
ָһ·ȵԶԶؿͣ鸮ſڣԪŷԸתͷ
üһҪȥúооʲӣкΰ
Ҳǿֲ´ۼүڿϣϲظʲôƵģææذԼЩҲԪ㽡
ƽԷݵĵյһޡ
޹ؾԣһʼ˳ΪӽѣðСʽϢ׾Щǰӵޣ黰
úޣ֪һʼӸүܶãԼһ˶ĥȥ¡
Ԫȴ˷ܣò£ֱƵ߸ǰʮмʶ
⻰߰ʽΪΨŵԲſԽףֻҪ飬谭ܳƣŮܺԼİӳס
ԭమ˳˲ŻĻϲԭϹоٰüͷϣһһһ˫˵ġ
ү
Ԫ㽿һС˶Щ㶵ˡ
Щˣֺ̫ԼˣĵʱָӹŹ֣ɬҡżȴֲŻ⣬Ӧ
Ҳһ̣ΪεĲݲ࣬ȻȻҪСӶˡ
ôҲûⶫӰ졣
еǣﶼԣ⻰侪Ҳ˲ǳʧ
Ԫмòƽ뵽ȴһˮֱͷ˲˶ȥ
ϲԲ߶գҲգĽЩĻŭţ鰮
ĵǰѣܲ˵ظǸҹӶףкüС޲÷ӣҲ鰮
ɻﶼ͸ǧĹ£ұˣҲûСүСǧģֻҪүǰã󲻵յôһ룬Ԫ㽾;
Ԫǻӵһҳ߽ǣʶؿţҳˣԪŻعҲ뿴ˣһһͨͨƵһߣǱҲˣշɳȥžһڵϡ
Ѿſһ߶˯ˣԪ㽿ڴͷ˯ⶼޡ
๫ӣûÿģҲϲʲôأԪ벻ף뵽Ѿ޸ϵԪԿġ
ǰŮ֮һϲͨͻȻ໹ãʲôԼ̽ǰʱŲԾСǸѾãԼղˡ
Ԫ̧ĿڴϸϸܣƽһģֻʱŻľңҪĳؿƵġ
Ԫ۷ֱҲ֪뵽ʲô΢΢죬ֵ
֣˵ϸϸ׽һĲˡ
ԪͻȻ뱧ģԼ⣬һ˲䣬ر롣
侲СӣıڻŲԶҡҷ
Ů֮
Լ֮ǰ뷨ӣҲϲǡ
ãԵ

ȥû죬˪ҶͬĴ˵ƽˣ˵үУˣֻСȥ
Ҳ¿أ㻻װȥˡ
ӣҲͷһУˣǰԪʱôһΡ
ֻأľͬʱͬˡ
ⳡڲûʿڣټĵطϡϡļˣһ۱ƼмˢԪ㽣Ķ̼ף۷䣬ҲӢ˲
תͷƼǰһ˺ӧǹͷ˸̨һϲСܵǰ:
ã
ĸƽͣ΢΢Ц:
ӰѰӽ书ӵȺãĪҪ
ôܻ˻
Ԫ㽸Ͻص:
ģҲûðˡ
ãȥͷɣȥһոµףŮӴģÿ
ϾŮ֯ûСЩĺá
ػģΪ׼õĿףĺһ:ʱˣôܵ
ıлһԪߵ԰װ׵İݸ˪ҶľתȥһԵﻻˡ
Ԫ㽾ѧѧϾһӦǴδӴûʲô飬ֱһжԪ㽵ġ
Ҳͼ̫׼ϾտʼֻһЩȹͼǣֻҪ䣯Ǹϣһɹˡ
Ԫ㽸˵ţվֱӸʾһ̣һ˲רעޱȣƺܺãУܿڴ˼
Ȼֻಡƿ֮ķӦѾֱֱ䣯ȥ
вշţļͬа롣
ֻһ£ı֪Լ˴εı㣬Ѿ߳ɵʤˡ
ˣԾؾ¶ԵЦ⣬Ԫ䣯ʶתͷȥŮкĵļ΢Цһ˲Ŀνʮ㻶ϲ
ԺԼһ߿һˣȻ֪ôأԼֵߵ߶Ҳűˡ
Ԫ㽰ѹݸģԼԡ
ıϾǵһνӴһʼòȣ˴ҲûǸԪԱ߰Ź淶ĶôʹԺһЩ
òȥһ֧ûав˵Լܸܵͷͱϳһϸ
û뵽ôѣ֮ǰĵأΪѧһԺǿҲãȴû뵽žͰסˡ
ԪҲͣô˵䣬ƶ
Ϣȣڶ֧ʱЩˣԪҲ֪ϾĹͷһؽӴ
ôҲĲ̣վ˫۴󻷵ǰ                        
лҪ˵Ԫ:û˽ĵģûռ˵˼

 32 

һʼԪ޶ĵ, ֻΪģְֽôչָ÷ĸλ, мҲһһ
ֱӺ滷ס, ָⲻĵ֡
ĿĵطԪ㽵ĶڵĺˣŲЩ, ʧԪ㽴һ˲ʼĲһ, ԺﾡǸղŵĴС
СҲò񻰣, ϵֻǵζ
ĺδ⣬ֻһһͷǰ׼, ԪӹţԼ档
Ѿܶ, Ԫ㽱˼Լԡ
Ȼһ˲ۿɼطļͷһ, Ԫʶȥָ, ͷһ, ֱֻ֣̫ȫע, ܴ, ֻ̨, ǱʶʵǰѾϰԪĴڡ
ʼ, ѶûУΪе̵ģΪŮֶ֮⣻ǵԪ㽷ûзӦ, ˽ͷ:
죬ָſסĵ֡
ʱĲź֪طӦ֮ľ룬ЩԽ˰ɣУҪ
ԪĿתؿŲԶİӣװһȷ̵ӣʵͨͨĵѪ
ѾƹˤˣأҪ˭Լô䵭ֵ£ôˣ
΢΢üͷ۾ѾٿǰİӣƣŶཻ֡
ӡ
Ļһ䣬Ҳûдƽ͵أ
Щɻ˼ȥʳ̹ҲֻоҿɷΪռұˣ

ô˵ֱף
Ԫߵͨ죬ҲԸſûֻʡԪ֪ˣʵڿƲסֻװһس:
˵⻰ˣȻ˿ҽٴ˿̣Եֵܵģƽӣôȥռֵܵıˣ
˻ͦ԰ģǣǿĲ̬ķ˸ۣ:
ˣѾλˣӷſҵֿ𣿡

Ԫ㽲δ𻰡
ĻѰ˼üһˡ
Ҫ緭ˣôߣҲöӼƽϣһҲٿ⣬ֻҪ־ٶС
Ԫ㽲ŲǵûţҲȥǽģʵռû
Ԫ㽾ԼѾħˣһҲ֪ʲôƾܣǾ仰ô˵ţĵҲһۣǴˡ

֪˿뷨ֻҪ裬õԪѲǵΪǸԪ㽣껹δԳżִ֣ʱȴƤ档
ǳǳصһûо֮:
ӣûŮ˵һΣѾԼˣͷſ˺Щ𣿡
Ļ䣬ԪѾʹĵһ˹ͻأת۷ĵ͵;Ѿಡһֱֱڼϣкġ
:
Űɫ׵Ůҧ´΢΢Цһ£ЦȴҧгݵζԪ㽻մմϲԼǰһأһ˲ıѸײڶ֮⣬ݺݵײȥ

ЩصһԪ⧲ײһ£˲˺ü˼
ʹ˴Ȼ֪ײжˣתۿһʹԪ㽣Щֻ
Ԫ㽻ȴȻЦˣüĿʵ벻⣬Цûżаһض:
ôҲˣҲ˰ɣ
ɡϴҸôֻݵ֣˻ۣ󣬱ӿôٽ̵֮أ
һҭȻԼ̫͹ˡ
ӣͷһеظܵԪ㽵űͳûٵĹ򣬹ȻƤй֮޲
ӱִҲʧȡ
ļвУݡ
ŮѼ̨ףҪˣҲòţϣӿһŮӳ˿ķϣĪҪƽˡ
⻰ɰԪ㽵ƤҵһңҸˣƫҪᱡң񻹳вҲ˿ģ㲻ܼƽϣִ̲̣
ԪöֻԼ챻Ѫ:ĺİô㣬ӲԣǺã
úúá֪ˣϴˣʧˡ
Ԫ㽼Ըķ㣬΢΢Ʋ죬ĪίƵġ
ȴֺȻһ£ֿڵ:
˾óŮģʱ˵Ļӣĳ뷽跨òСġ
ǣЦһ:
ǳΪ˻ϲʧĵͽӣΪأ
֪ʣ֪ߣҪ档
ƣԪ㽱ԼЧǻүﶪˣȻҲѵ˵ȻСΪⳡѾʤ֮ʱԪȴ΢ͷС:
ҶʩЧ򭣬֪ҲΪ˻ϲ
˵꣬ȥġ

΢ŵЦһһˡ

ֵסˣԪ⻰ֱһĵͷһ˲־ֻţǵصĿ־ϯʱԪǰֵĹ޺ʵĿ֮۽޶ڲɤӣſ:
㡭
˵ĿģͷĻȴôҲ˵ˡ
˵Ĳ˵ģ˵ݲ࣬Ҫ˼ЩܺԣԪûֱԷŻе˾һ˲֪λػˡ
Ԫ㽣ʲôʱĪϲˣ֮ǰĥΪΪʹȻô˵һʼԼûгɹֹѿһҲв̤ϴδֵزԪ㽻ϲ
ͷһ飬ߣû뵽תתԪ㽾֪ʱֲǰĺ󳾣ʱ仹ǰüꡣ
Ԫʵһֱ͵ۿĵķӦ¿ҲǸˣҲӣеֻη壿
첻µزµСӣͷһ޴ϺҲûʲôɣô⻰ķӦ
Ԫ߽ÿοһȴ翴ˮһ㣬ֱֱˣ̫Щġ
ԪһӶԭأ΢Сع۲ĵı飬ˡ
Ī֮һŵˣ
ã
Ԫ㽼ỽﾡϧ飬̧ۿǰһһУŬοԼ:ˣԪͬǰǸӴྶֻͥǸδֺ꣬۸ֺ
ǿһĨ΢ЦʹԼ:
ްģֻǷŰӵЦ棬ŵˡ
Ԫ죬Լ˵ĲЦǻߣǻı飬ֻ㬵סڣĬĸ˫̨ס
ҲҲգշһʱ̵ġ
ԪղŶദõһɨ⣬Ҳ֪Լǹ߻ϲˣղŵĻ϶ŵˣοҲøеģҪأԼ˵ﲻ˵ģĻġ
һᱻԼ򶯵ġ
Ԫ㽰ѸղҵڵϵĹ¼ݸģɤԴЩǸ⣬ü˳۵س:
ã£ұزκ֮ˣҲͷһ֪ô¡
أ𣿡
һ£ͷһ
ʵⲻԪ㽵һˣǰֵ֮ѿҲͷ˴֮ĥ
ǸԪ㽣û˺ȴƽ׳Щ֮֡
ҵ˼һ˲Ȼͨˡ


 33 

볡Щ, ôǿǿ˵һΡ
ʱչææ͸ˣǼиĸȥ, Ԫ
񱻶, Ļң֪ôԪ㽣޾Сӻְ֮ǰĻó, úÿĴѧ֮
ļ, һüʱУ˺Ͽʼ֪ŮƵ, ˪Ҷ֪Ϊ׼պԡ
֪ŮһԼ뷨ӣֻ˼, ƽæڻ񣬳ϢҲֻǾһ, ʵڼ֣Ҳȥˡ
߰, Ԫ㽶Ľ֮, Լŵ, δаʧࣻԶ, ˭ûԪ㽵ʧһ¡
ѧĻ, , Ѿģض˹ڼˣȻ鲻׼, 벻һ֧ɵһ䵽ϡ
ĪϲƽԪ̬ҲԼУʱǰɵ, ҲóڼƽϣһЦ֮ա
ԪصǼط̬ȵҲͦģ˵һЩĿĵĻżͬľȵĻӡ
ԪʵǶϲҲϸĥԼܺлɽأ֪䣬ദȴǰǢ࣬һûٹĮһҲŸôƽ֮ǰˡ
Ԫ㽾Լྡˡ
û죬չˣ´Ժؿ˿ΣУĽѧֻʱá
ԿԼģҲûԪջϲϲµõһȥԺ׵ģ˵ǴǰƽϷʱģǲûУǹ±ˡ
Ԫ˼Ŀ϶ϲǰһϸѹƽ壬ɸɾ
ֻԪ㽵ʱ˯ˣϣԺﻹǲȵ˵һʱ˶ͷҲǡ
Ϻ׷üܷӣ˿̵̧ƤƳһֻۣǸձӵӣⲻþһüͷ
ֹ
ǰ
ɣԪתһȦѰģۿϲûʲôĵ˼һȣλ
Ԫ㽽Ǧ׵۷ȴΪѻɫǦؾѻȣԪһ˼ϣǸעԼһЩ
ֻüԪڵһζѾߵǰܷ࣬:
ѧЩȻ֪Ӵᴦ
̧ܷͷأ֪⵹ùӸͲϴػض̬ãϧתͷϻĥӲһķдּǲҲ̶á
Ҳȷʲôǲѧðˣ˵ٶЩǣǿܷҲ޹ʾͰΪѧˣڰԪ㽻Լλϣֻû̧Ԫ㽲֪ôһΣеһ:
ž
ԪŵǱӡͼݱ¶ǰϼλεĴ:Ѱǡ
ǰһ˵Լܷ:
վŵü۾µͫһ˲΢˱ۡ
군ˡ
ͬھЩӣ֮ԻΪ±ΪһЩɫڣմԪɷ¶Ǵ󵨣˴Žʧϵġ
ԪδڣһһĹ涨˽Щӵͨ˻ܣֻǽѧྲ֮أΪׯǾԪ㣬ޣ黰ԺΪġ
Ԫ㽲һΪܷӵһϲŭɫĿˣ¾̾Ĵ󵨣Ԫ㽵³֪
ܷӦʹԪһ󣬷ȥԺоվҪһġǡʮ
ֵʢףͷģһܷ⴦֪ȵԪְ廹ʱԺͷͷ¶Ҫϼıȣο棿
ҪԪһСӵ˷վ֪ܲܿס֪㲻˼ģܷӻͷһҲˡ
Ԫȴ˾ãĵɣǷվӳˣҲù˺ѷεƤ֮ࡣ
ۿԪ㽺س˵ֱֱվͷ룬ѰģǽǾᣣֻͷɿԪ㽡
ƼǳЦء
Ҫ˶þЦˡ
Ĳ֪ĵЩɸֵľӺζĪЩԪ㽣һ֪죬ȻһһУȷʧ̫Щ
ȻԼʱԺͷԽԽܷӼ״ԸԲͯ᣷£õıźã׼ѾСˣԼ߻ȳȡ
ʼգδԪ㽽˼
Ԫ㽣үԵһѧ¹Цˣͷ̫ƵһƤƱǧϿɣʹޱȡ
Կȥˣ߷ߵس˵ȥԪ㽴ɡҪ֪ү˵ܷӿӡ
ԪҲǸģȻ֪ĸԻȥ˵ˣ뷨ӸΧģԪȴˣԼ´ǿȨѹˣ֪ôء
˽ţҲֻ㬵ϢģֱԪڡ
˰Σܷѧ¿һʱ̣ˮСʲôģɿɿ졣
˪ҶͲЩĲ裬ĺ˼лǲ:̼ǵԪ㽲δһհģȴͻȻԺҪ˵ԼҪţֻΪŶȴ˴
Ľ˪ҶеСӹ˸δùСڳֽɡ˵
ͷǰѧڲԸЩҵĲʹĿ⣬ԪԸ
ɹͨ죬ϾϸЩκˣƼĳǿЦ
˹ȥ̧֮ʣֽɡڶͷԼ΢Щ
һݵԪʾ:
ӷģµģùǽģˣȰˬڡ
˵ǲģԪһ˲ΪԼӦϲڹػϽСһ
İɡݸȶţԼһ裬ͷ:
ǰҺǸм֮Խղųô˻һЩֻʵڲҪ飬αطҪԺԼĲŲá
ǡ
ԪȴЩײίС:
ãҲִܷӶŸɷ˴˼㰮ֵ˾Ǵδ⻰Ƶģ˭֪һСģš
Ԫһֹ:ǰԼһ㡣ҲǣǰͬʰļΪ˳ʵϰԣôԸ⹫Ȼǰأ
΢̾һʱҲЩˣʱ˼һһԪһƬิѰ
ûλػֻܷߵСͯѵߵ߶аһ:
С㣬˵֮ͬȻǺãδ˽ﷸѧϣٻȥ
˵꣬Сͯתߣûתϸϸ:
ˣ˵ˣȻǷվҪɹһɹģСɡһȥɡ
ۿͯԽԽԶԪ㽵ѾԼټְҲûѵģֽɡĺ󣬺߽ӹתȴȥ˲Զĺɻ
Ҷ̣һֱ쵽ߣĴɡӣȥһƬҶһᣬһ΢Ƭɡ״ҶѾȵˡ
תصԪ㽷վĵطûԪ㽷ӦȻż⣬ǺҶԪͷϡ
վӣʱԪ㽱һġñӡ΢΢һЦ:
Ī֣Ҳ޶ۣ֮벻ԵķˣҶªܷӳҵֽɡҶӲ΢ʣڵһҲпɡ
лҪ˵ֵʱŵĸŵαʫծǮһ:ֱǧ²ֵǮĶǧ֣湻Ӧģ

 34 

˵, תҪȥ
Ԫ㽶ͷϱһġñӡ˺һ:ʾõʱ򲢲㱻ΪԼɹ˲Ż˻þ
ȻͷеĺҶͽ֮Щĸо, һڸԪ, ûΣĸˮȣܷӵѵ, ժ˺Ҷɡ
Ԫ㽺Ȼоղűɹ˵Ӷò, ˲
Ļ˵ûоֱصԼλ, Խǰˣߵڴ׷ܷԣȸһ, ̧ܷͷڵ:
Ī, Щѧͬ˵࣬, ĪҪ黳
ͷվλ, ˽ءԺΪȷȡ, Ҳֻյտ, ӱϾǧ֮, ԵҲͰ, վͷãֻвⰡ
˵, ͵ȥܷӣԷδ⻰һ, ҲͶ:
ѧҲ֪ΪʦǿȨӱϾͬһӵܣͷɹһʱѾ֪ѧųȥƣΣѾЩֲסˣѧ˼
䣬ܷ΢΢üͷҲδԳģתȥǰմڳ˼
Ǹ˼ܵģۼܷӦλǱԼĻ˵Ƿżң˵ԪŶҡˡ
ָϽȴ:
ѧҲ֪Ӳ˴ȣһأѧʱʱţǷӲ졣
ľϵܷӱ֤ţܷȴЩԾϾŮбΪλСǸ飿
𷣣ĲԼѰϷ˵οһϷΪһʳ֮ͽ飿
ܷۺ룬ȴоɻƫͷŹ׵ġ
Ǵ:
ǰƽ鸮ͬĸ̸ѧƽһҳǲãѧͬϹһˣѧʵߣġ
˵ܷѾ޻˵ˣһʱʱֻżΪΪԺŭĽطȻܷҲ΢˵ȫȻηȨƶȻǲܵģοɹΣټ󷣳ʮġǡȻǵ𷣵ļޣ飬̨װǰв˳ƶµĵ:
ˣϷ㿴ڸأֻת˵治Ĵ򲻿ٷˡ
һϲϽӦ:
ǡѧʡãѻ
ܷ԰˰֣ʾȥɣּ׷Լ顣
˻֪Сվܷ˵ЩʲôͼҴЦ⣬ԽţֻüƼȹڣѾֱ˵
յ£Ԫͷ϶ǺҶԹԵضվţһͷһسģҪԺһЩ
ƼĳԪһϲ漴ܷӵϿִЩǣۿԽԽԪ㽲ؿ:
ֳˣͷµģ⼸ܣɹ˿ôãܷӲ𡭡
һ˲û뵽ѱˣ˼Ĵ΢΢Цһ£°ɡԪͷ:
İɣҷȥܷ飬ˣ˺ε𷣣ֻǡǡɡ
߰ɣҷųʱ򣬷ԸСˣȥŪ˲ˮʣЪЪȥϿΰɡ
Ԫ㽻ûôܷӻ˵ȥ飬ûٰѵ⣻ϸķ֣ѲٻˣƣһܹǶ˼
Ԫһۿתæ֣ϸָһӱ㾾סĵĹĩڴԷһ٣ԴЩԵתͷ:
ôˣ
ĻΪԪԵҪ˵صڣȴǰ˶ſĵڣ֧֧:
ҲûԵģǡɵ飻ʶգǱİ·֮ˣƻ֮ҡõӣˡ
ԪԽ˵棬ԽСȥ˵⻰ûͷûβȴᣬһ˲˵⻰˼΢Ŵ˼ڵ:
ǲԪ㽣

аһ㣬Ԫ㽡ָһгĿһ嶼Լˡ
лϲ۽òɤӵ͵͵ػ:
š
һ֮еı顣
ȻܼϲԪ㽣үү˵˵ڵģֿɰġ
¶ЩЦ⣬㻽ͬһȥԪȴֹ˹ſ:
ȵȡ
ǡƺҲϲģԵ˶ͬҲģһܲܡ
û뵽ôߣûдǰôų⣬Ҳû̲أǾ˵Щʲô
Ԫ˵˵ţȻǰһĵС֣ǰֻһΣɡʮֵС繣û뵽гһգԼҲлɻһ
ҡ뻽С֣ɡ
һ㶣͵̧ۿԪ㽣㱾ֿǰǸԪ㽵ӰӣȥƽǰҪ˽Ҳɣ˵ߣΨ׽֮˿ôУҲ׽֮ˡ
˵һ˲ʲôоЩȻʧֺЩ˵ĻӭԪĿڴĿ⣬˵֡
ԪУĵͷ:
ã⡣
Ϊģ㻹һǰĿǷɡ
ת˲ֿЦòãЩ緢ģӹеɡСƿһͬ˵

գ壬˱ԼһȥУϰ֮ĵԪ㽵ϸĽ̵Լ鷺ͨ͸һͻᣬʱʹг
Ԫֽ
ĻҲֻǴǰżͨģҪԣ͸ˣԪҪ̵ģǲʮ־ͨҪڶʱڰѻѧᣬҪϰȰѼӡ
Ժ˪ҶȥԺǣֻʣĺԪ㽶ˡ
ͿԷڽǸǧ˿Ϣһ̶ܵͷţԱߵĴʿɡɡǣסͷҵ⡣
ĽżʹǰҡţվЩΣ˪ҶûԪǱ߲ùֻðͷֱߵϣԼε
ԶԪ㽱У촩£nɫն飬һʫ:繫Ӷʮ࣬ݱ౴졣Ԫ䲻ʮʫͷһο񾩳ܵģҲֻһˡ
ŻţۣŶɳɳҶ䲻һԭѾͣǧٶȻ
͵ۣƫͷȥԪ㽣֪ʱûٰŪĹƵڰǧ
Ƥ˶գգۺְͷŤȥʲôҲû˵
ζȲʵģϵͣҲ˶ᣬҪȥ
ûü죬Ԫȴȿˣʣӯ:
ɣм¶룬Ҫͬ˵׵ġ
ûдϣٲȻĬ˵ȥԪ㽱ִݿ:
ԼʮѮѽ£֪Сƽѧϰֲ֮ϲڴ˵ϰһ뾫裬ƾ⼸£Ҫһȡʤϼѡ
ʵĵҲϡԪ֪Ϊѧϰ䣬辶Ҫȱء
ֻû뵽ûԼأԼˣһԲֻġ
Ԫ㽴ǧƵǰĿ¶ǣ¹ü۴˿ûƽЦ⣬ִЩ:
˵Ետѡһμӣ˼ˣ˰ޡ
ɣҪȥμԣҲͬһʤЩܵͷҽ㡣
Ԫ㽴˿̴ֱĿ:
ҪģҶ㡣
лҪ˵и˵Ԫ󹷹룬ǡ

 35 


º, ûٽӻǶԪ㽾Ĭ˺ܾá
ʵʵڵ֪һжģֱҪ, ǰԪ㽺ǰ, Ͳһˡ
ʱѹڵ꣬һ, Թ, ʱĮϲŭ޳ġǰǰޱȹ˳ŭɴྶͥ
ԭץǧϵ, ϣ̣ջû, ڶ㡣
ǻͻʼδĻϲ, ӻûҪʲôŪ̫, в˳졣
ȥ¶, Եľ͵ùҹ, ɽǰ·
漴΢̧ͷ¿Ԫ, ǵ˵ͷ:
á, Ҿлˡ
Ԫ㽹Ȼһ˲üЦ, ߵ󣬼ǧ
ϵЦ, عƽȴ˼ţԵļƻֽѳɹһ, ǰ֪ǱҲϢ˵ةһһСɣȥ¥Ѱ֣һ:
˵ةƺǽʥĳһչ֣Ѳ֪˾ڣǳةˣһͷˡ
Ц
һһСûӴˣһٶ˵кè壬İ㲻šةֻ죬ҪȺˮλͬǰһεͷﵹҲ޿ܡ
ϧǰǧ㣬ôҲ㲻һС㣬һͷһһة࣬Ҿͨ˰ɣ
ҪеĳıҪҲЩõ
⣬ƽǧʱҲҡԪ㽽ƺر࣬һҪڣҲһһӦˡ
µ¹úܿ졣
ļյգ´ԺĹ˽ԿϢʱ˲յʱ綼Ҫ鸮Сֻǽǡưô꣬ȥֻſһ˪ҶżԱߴȣʱҲȵһͻͷһȥ
Ԫ㽸űܿƹʰϵȣΪȷ硣
лϲӦõġЩϲȻҲҪϤĺǻԼδӣǳ飬ǰЩʱôˣ
ţʲôΣ۽޲ţ΢΢ȴѵԺš
ҲԪ㽣ֻ͵:
ôأ
Ԫеȶ˶٣
˯磬¾ͷã˪Ҷˣ͹
ǼظͣȴƲδȥôΰѵһ󣬻ûӦԪأ±ۣ˯ȥˡ
Ԫ㽲ɵʧЦ
ػӶӣǼʱԵĪٲǴ飻ֻͷ
ڰϣڷٴϣɢĵǣô縣Ԫر
Ԫŵ˿ϵζ嵭Ļ㡣̧ͷһעߣ֪ôһЩĪͷ
Ԫٶֱ¡һִֻǰϵķңġ
ʮĳպģչȥᣬʱüأˡ
һ㣬¡
˯žأֱռһѱˣ֪
ֱѧʱ򣬴껹ûͣ
Ԫ㽺ͶһǰһڵͨԺŵĳϡ٣˿ľ˳ŷ⡣
Ԫﲻ֪뵽ʲôŲĺܣϻЦԱಽظںͷƼ㣬Ҳ棬ɵþͿ:
ү㻶ϲΣūżǵãƽ죬˵̫ʪ壬꣬ôˣ
Ԫ㽶סӣתͷ˿Ҳ⧲ͣסԣԷţƼԪͻȻתһԡ
֪
Ԫ㽾ԼµľʱҫԼеǿͯһءԸСһ𳤴󣬷һҲ޲ɡ
˵ͷ
ԪתȥǰߣҲš
Ԫ룬Ϳڵ:
ǰգԺѧ˵¥³Ļӣǲȥ򣬾һϵȵʱһԵġ
ԣүǰǴӲЩ˵ɹƭ
Ի֪ʶͼԪ㽵ĻԪתͷƵӦԽԽСֱٿ
ԪҲøƽˣʶûٶԣɤӼ:
ӱԵϾҲҪм񣬳ԵûԵͷϹӸ˵ʲô
Ԫһأ²ҪԲ£Ի˰ΣֱΪԵС㣬ڸүڸʲô
Ȼ
ģ˵Ӻ½ҽϸ˵ָҽͯŮżɡ
ó⻰жˣЩʱüɫģͯŮͼż˸֣ҧ±Ƶġ
̣̲꣬סƲ죬
ġΪƣר˵Ҳţ
üһԶͷһˮԪϵЦ˲ûˡ
ۼԼүɫһ˲òÿۼֿرˣԪ㽵û׽ֻһ˲ָֻŵֺͣתȥǰߡ
ԣҲǸűӣҪ죬粻֪ٻˡ
Ԫ㽵һ˲ɭɭأֻ֪Լˡ
һׯ϶ϲɱɱģӽվͲˣҪ˺òɡ
Ҳ˵˵˭Ű
ԹԹԵظԪΨΨŵŵӦˣٴα֤´һУŵԼ
ֱʱŻصԷšźԪţԡ»ݵʱͷ꾹ûͣ
ʶԽ
ҹƽ󣬰һģгƵ֮ʣڵҹ͵һ˲磬Ѹٳȥѭ
ɢų˯òȣü΢۽ϼʲô˵顣
㣬Ԫ͵ۣͫ΢ͷĴᣣ漴ʧ˻һڴǾδ
ܾ֮ƽЩܶ˫۷ֱǰմֻ꽻ӵ
ʱãȻ˴ǰֹΡ
ѽδ˼Ȼֿʼַ·˽ͷһ½ģйڡԼĵΡ
ԺһҲǵˣͺʵһ񼴱˺ѷεʹ⡣
ɫµ̧ĨһѶϵϸٻ龰ľ
ǰδμ龳
ĳɻ󣬲ҸƽƵྴʱȴǺüԡ
ԪһһˣıϣԼһʱ⣬ٿһ¾ǰˡ
˾࣬ŰǰģﴩɫصĻ˸Ź󸾵ķ٣ȴѻȻˡ
ͬߣɻһ࣬ޡһձһ㲣ȥߣǸֺٰġԪ㽡ʱȴִؾܾһͭĽլԺ
ʱޣԼѹ־ģ
ˣ֪˭ֻ˰ײã洦ɼɥᦡ
Ԫ㽡սʱδüµսۣȾѪҴҵػظԺȴֲ֪ιͬķִǳʲôֻǸԪ㽡żһĶš˺ķ顣
һ˲䣬͵ûưܵĿҶһڵϣȥ촽⶯ţ᲻֪˵ʲô̧ʱͻȻͷϵӣܲ˵شԼķ
һ˲ˡ
лҪ˵ȶԲңæĩԡ
Ȼ΢͸һ°ɣҲ»˶ǵӡ󣩣Ųжģĵġĳ׺ûйκγ죬ֻǰԸԭ͸ָң˺ϲ²ʱ˭

 36 

Ԫֻһֻֽ߬ס, ۵ѡ
ļ£ѾѹˣȴԴǸ
̼ǵõЩ, Լʶǳȴִֹ, һԸؾãʱ͸ĵԵסչ, Ľ֡
ÿһĻ, ôѹ־һȦ, ͬԵķٰüȴһһΰİŮԶ
˶֪Ҳ֪, ֻ֪ôȥԹһ
̫ǿͷͻȻӿǵصѹ, ǸԪ㽡ҲǸʹġ
Ԫ㶵̧, һβ, Ż㱷Ӧ, Ǹ, ߳, ۿ, þû
ʱֲѵظԼֻǸ, ǰˣֻǰ̫࣬ҹŻμ, ξֶ͹½˭˵壿
ǿԼȥ˵뷨еǣǿֻ֮һζãĻúöģûǰ㻥Թޡ﷢ģⱲӾж޷תľ
ԪͷţԾ⼸գǰСģԵЩοһȥ
ȴŶߺҵľҲˡ
շת࣬һҹδߡ

תۼ䣬յɢȥˬ֮ʱڴТۿͣյ˴˴һͬԵ󳼡ӻԵ԰վʱƽ׼ɡ
Ļϲص˺ü졣
˵С֮Ҳˣһӣ¾ǿةǰﹷգܻһıֵúü˯ž
ֻԪЩЩ֣żͬ˵ʱԾؾͷʱ򻹻۷ֱضķ
ʲôÿģǽվеĿʽԵĹܼС㶼˵ģιֻģ
ҲˣӽϰأԽٽԣԽǲܳһ˿Ϊǡ
Ԫʹǲðĺʶ龳ⲻþһȻӿ
޵ģһ
뾡취ҲԶǶĮһЩҲ޷ֻҪԼϲͺá
ΣȰԼͬǰһˡ
ǰĸģΪԼһԣʲôԼˣȴδǹģҲͨ͸ЩЩûҪǿԼĸ飬οҪǿأ
ԺٰܾüͷãʵԵ޷֣ʹһȣԸȥ
ûգʽԵʱʣȥΧԳе˪ҶҲ߸˵أһ·ڸ߶
С㣬ҺЩûμӹˣﶼүһͬĹԱʱ򻹸٣ū澻ͷһΧأСĸ
ĵЦֻǿŰڲԶᱡף߬ȹڡ
ڶ࣬Լˡʵƺ˶һȥЩ壬ҲһӦˡ
ҵδǰѾܿӴĳųɳ˻˻
ο֮£ϯТۺͻʺлӹƿԶԶرɿ̫Ԫ꣬ģԪˡ
ٽжȴ硣 
һͷī趯ü۾µĲ񻰣緢ǳЦҸҴݡ
ĺһ˲ȻףΪԪ۴٣ȷ˽ŭ£ǾȻôЩС㷼İ
ŶֺȻةҶСҪҪͬ尲ףҲǿٺɫȻ֮ģ˽֮ɫŮ
Ԫ̫ͬԪ˵ŻֱԽʢ䣬ԪȴȻ󣬳ʹɫҪת
Ԫ⻹ԣʶŤͷ󣬾Ǽûģ㳵ˣƣء
֮һ˲ӣԪ״ǰڻϿһղǺ˼ʱδ飬ȴ֪¶
΢죬ļۣԷɨӹһȦѷ£Ԫذͷת
ôѹȥãֹ˼ȶˣ
ԪĿǰһо۵ףһϷʵЦҲǵ٩֮⡣
ԪûزĿһۣԪ״ȴЦӷˡ
ֺαЦܣ
ԪҲתͷǰһЦط:
Ҷ˲ˣŽݼҳСʱصº½ˣ
Ԫһ£û뵽ԪϢôͨͬݼҹȷΣĸҲкøУֻһжδɶ֣Ҳö˵ʲôƽ˹ڡ
δжһĪҪҲ²⡣
Ԫֻ˵һδٶԣԪ㽵Ҳû׷ȥһ˼ϣԵĶùעЩʱͬԪߵýҲưˣԪҲԼ֪Ԫ㽵˼Ʋ˵ƣҲûֹ
Ԫ㽱㵱Լˡ
ϿɵģԪϿɵġ
Ȼȴ˻ϲ˳
λڳм䣬Ԫ㽺мһεģةฮμңԼҡ
尲ȻҲ㼸λͷҵˡ
ƿɨһȦĿⶨǰ治Զãһ
ˮ㲻Ծðɬܡ
ϴι磬мδˣܹɽˣԶ׼޷صǰģֻܺԵˡ
ʱ£ΪԼѾ̹ȻܼȶһУټģǲľӶࡣ
尲عͷ߬סһ飬
ϴڣԲ
ʵ尲Ȼˡ
̧ǰԶһ۾жԪ㽣ĺ
һߵڣ·ͨǱ辶
ŪڶΡ

ΧԳȫ־ѾװЩ֮ܲ͸硣
ۼ䣬棬ɵþͶ࿴˼ۡǰһӦĹѾӪկϯƼȶѱãֻʵһ£ʽʼⳡʢ¡
Тƽһ֣ⲻþҪԼ䡣ĵţԼλϣеЩ裬һ̧۾ͿϯϣԪ㽣ںܻض
˻ò֪ߵӡ
ķи㣬ľ֣ТȻ˵˻̫ڸһӦء
ȻТ۲룬ͷˣ˭ܶãؽ
ĿɲΪʱǰһϸǴ̫˲μӵ¹
ʥϿͣΪ˴Թƽߣһڸ˾ԣݡλӹ˹ӣܹѡ񡣡
գһڲûǺں
˾֣ǰ˭Եñ˭ģҲ߸ʽ񾹺Ȼ˹أԪӣԪ㽻ҪԼԵõģֵͷϣһʤ󽵵ˡ
˲˼Լ߲ԪӣֻҪܶͷĿҲﵽˡ


 37 

ٱȶŸյ, ˼ȥǾӣԪһ˶, رϺ, Ҳة档
ʵߵĴ̫෽꣬ԵҲԱԿʼ׼ˣԪ㽱ϯ̨ԽмĿյ, ֱߵڵϯ̨ǰ, һűɴϣػ:
, ҵĳŵˣʥȻŵӡһȥѡƥ, 𣿡
ĻػԲЩټŮ, ӻҹ﻽У׷ײĿ, ԪŷӦԼʧ, ķӦѸ, һæԲ:
Ӱ
ǵ̫ӸķԸ, Ѱҹȥɵİɣһȥμ£
Եһ, ԭ̫ӵµ˼, ̫ΪĸʺԼͬŮ˾֪, ˵ӺǶߵýеĻҲ޲:ֱܹЩ
ԪæӦ:
, ǡøϽɣȥ˵¸õȼˡ
˪Ҷվȹڴϯ̨Ը˪Ҷкڴ˴Ƭ̣һǰһ౸ĵطȥ
һ·û˵ʵ˼ôԪ㽿ڣʹĸԸһȥμӣԪղԼʧԣΪˣء
ɡ
סĲȥ΢΢̧ͷԪ㽡
ôˣ
ԪЩ׼ˣݵı飬ֺû
㡭ǲǸղ˵ˣ
΢΢һЦת䣬:
ûСҺΪС¸նҪ֪ԹˣƽﲻЩȽڵģ޷
˵꣬תǰߣԪ:
ǣôһ·ͬ˵㲻ν˺ܾˣôôƽأ
ͷûأƽ:
˼Եأ¹ش֪ôڰˡ
Ԫգ첽ߵĸǰ
ԸҰܰæģһ㣬ܰæôҲһΪ취
һ£û뵽˼еıģԼһʵϣԪҲȷ뷨ܾѴһʱ뵽Ǿûϡ
СԽԽԽԽѹ
ʵܿģʲôԸΪ
Ŀִ˫ʰŪã̽ſ:
𣿲ʲô㶼Ը⾡ң
Ԫһϲ
Ȼ㾡˵
˫ַ´࣬˫ؿԪ㽣
Ҳʲôرѵ£ֻ㲻ԸǰҶ˱˵ӲμԱ¹³̣ٺһֻҪȣ㲻ܶˡ
ԪʱһԭΪʲô˵Ĵ¶ԭֻǸ㲻ҳݵġ
ʲôͲҲУҽԼﶼ㣬ͷıա
ͷһ»ûӦ:

ԪЦˬ:
ʲôֲЩʥϸʹҲϡ֪ڵʲôõһȴңʵȫ⣬˵ֻҪҪģȫ㡣

ǣ˵˵ȥ븴ˣʵԺԪ㽰ѱԼĶøҲĸԸȴֲԸ̤һƬϣ˵ʾֻΪͼıʵǲ̶ߵĿƭ
ȴԼһģ֪֪ĳã֪֪Ϊ˶Ϊ˱ֻҪةǱûеһһ˭˵νǡԪ㽲ةǣƣ˵ԸԼһжָǰһ룬ôԼԭƻ
õòףûá
ĵͻȻκг
ͷȥ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ҡҲҪ
Ԫȴִ̽սЩЦ:
ɣ㲻ؾиƽǲЦ˼һ£ֵˡҲⳡְˣʲôҪģ
һ١
֪һС֣ǰ׽еġ
:ٰеģǱʵж뷨ʹչձա
ˣԪ㽻һ䣬ĴΪģȻִһ£ֻǵ˰·͵Ե㬵֡
ּӵءСػ:
Щˣģ߰ɣȥ
̧׿Ҳһ۲ػؿȥﾡǸӣ·תӭԪĿ飬ڿ:
Ԫ㽡
ûҲ㣬֪Һãֻ죻ʵˣҲǶҪͷ
ţȴǴδйļᶨƽͣǳʵ:
ֻǺޣòõõ˵ˣܵõһҲǿĵģ
ûȴַθ֮ʱǻ:
Ԫ㽣ãҲԸƽ׵˵⻰𣿡
֪ԼǷܻرԪ㽵һǻ飬ԼҲˣ֪ҡڵǰ£ʵ޷İõؽһС
Ԫ㶣û뵽ʱʰ⣬ıʵ˵ס
ȴΪĮ飬øԸﻰ˵
ʵЩԪ㽲ɵֺγû뵽֪ǰ̬תԭ򲻻Ѱů֪ĸԸģôԵıԹֻû뵽Ŀ򵥣Ϊ˲˳⣬ˣϸҲ֪Ǻ̫Ԫ겻ԸةһɣǸˣĻҹӡ
⻰ѹЩϲ
ףҶס
Ȼ˵Ҳǿˣȥμԣһơ
΢΢̾˿Ц:
Եģ㲻ؽ黳ǡ
ֻҪԶԶƿͺã£ͨˣ½Ϊ׼
⻰һҲδٶ˵ʲô΢΢ͷǡ

Ůϯϵϲ࣬ةฮС㣬ν
һˮ죬ۣڲǹ䣬ƵףȻΪ˷յԡ
ҲŮΪϼûŮ쵱ȥһȥͷġ
ν֪׵ıҲ˽ܺǰͷ׼ЩټСû궼ΪŮĵһʥġ
ɷſϯνƼСҲˣˣûǰ¼ʱϵ΢΢ݣԽˡ
νͼͣ
ϴι磬ǲȥʺǰ״ʺôôڽ鲻ȥμ粻˵͵ĿŶʥ¶˽üգ
дͷϣǺºüˣȻǳм棬ۺ졣
ɻûŻСһۼƽӣǰȥˡ
ǿɲԵĵŵͻİèδܳϮλӰ
Ϊ尲ԼòõˣǰĲȻʱڹһԪ㽣ŷ֪ʲôġ
ֻ޴ǰʮ꣬ƽһһֱڷأδ
״Եɿ飬˳شԵŮӣⲻ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôòɶģԼһةฮС㣬ȴ˳
˼룬ǲʣһҧ飬Ҫġ
ּȹڴϯ̨ȥͬһһģ̧ϯ̨ȥλδ򣬾ҲڿǱߣ
νŭգԱߵŮ裬Ǩŭһƿ
ԵĹټС㣬żиֽة࣬ƽȻҲν̵ģʱ㼸ֺõشֺȰ
λЩģһСɼҵŮƽ߰ˣЩĻֶΣΨ²һ˵ġ
֪νС֮ĶԹԼΪŮӣֺγʼģͬ˲ͬĴͲĽ
һν㣬ﻹ֪ô£æȥ˵ЩɵķлϨνŭװ˵Ե£ʵǻл־䶼ڰʾĲν޷Ǹߵİˡ
ν˰ٰ̹ȻҲСŮ߿һۣ˵Щ޹ؽҪʵڽνôԸĵķӣ
νĻһЩԹ뷨ŨЩ
ȻúСŮͼνŮߵ˵ЩʲôСŮ͹ϯ̨νװһׯ߹ģٶȻصŮ̸졣
ŮﹴĶǣӿǱĻ֪ЩHͬԪһ˺ϸϸιϡ
Ԫ㽴ǲˣΪ˹ƽЩƷȥҲǹ׼Ҳʡ͹ʲôֽš
μҵǸСŮ͵͵ܵ⴦ڸߴ̴Ժֻ̽һͷŲԶһŮˣ뵽ԼСҲһսľ
ɴܣСꡣ
Ϊūʲô취ֻպ׷ǧĪҪȫﵽһСѾͷϡ
ʿˮСزԼӣֻλ뿪ˣèߵǴ
ǵʹڸһߵëδע⵽ߡһ඼Ǳõ˵ģŹҪϸʱӣ׾Ѱ
СѾߴ߶µͳһСĩһһգǸʳС

ļƻˣջûбμǸʽԱѧµ֮Ҳܾôװ׻ķϰܲμŹŮ֮ʵɢǿԵġ
㻶ϲϲغԪһ˵ЩСעⰲȫĻǱ̫߱İ볡ϾҪʼȥ׼
Ԫǰֻһɡ˵ж־ıЦڰϽȥ
ͼ˽ڸͷͣפʼߴôЩݵӣмԪ㽣һۡ
лҪ˵ǧ֣ɣ

 38 

ֻѡһ, 𣬺صͳ, 漴, 
䣬һŵȻ֮һ˳ȥֻһһĺӰ
Ľջ, Զźɫȹ, ䷢ٵ̣Цˡ
ױ
ò, Խ޶ˡ
ҲǻϲģæӭȥסݼС֡
ݽɻãôЩʱվжûʲô, ء
̫ԪݼҽĻƺչۼƼϴ, ǹعƷ˿ĴǰҲùһƥʹ͵, ˵ʺ, Ҳʹ͸Щ
һж, , Ҷ˿Ժúһͬ, Ȩˣ
ĵͷ, ˱һȥǱĵطֻɢɢʣԼʮƥ, ļǵԼģԲĹ˰æǣδ, ȴȻһ˿Ծ:
ǰŸ˲Ϻ΢ζδŨҵŮġ
һϲѬЩζҲֻ嵭İ㣬ζЩǰȥЩεʱԱЩŮ۵ıɪ㣬ԵʱˣķΪƳɵġ
ˣĵζǰùһ꣬Ԫƶģģʱ㶢ǻá
ĪλǧҲפƬ̣ȾЩζ
˼ˣûٶ룬̧кԱ߸սݵĹūǣ
˫˫Ҳûзɳۣǰаˡ
һ·˵ЦЩȵݼҵѾߺ˪Ҷ˵ļ乭ʱպԪһĸоˣϤְġ
׼ΧԳʱһ̧ۣԶһϤӰ:
ν񣬴ôֱۣضȵķ˿ȥȴѸٱܿĵ
ˣƽʱν񲻶߰Ӹ
˼ţȻɨνһۺϵЦȥ
νҲϣǡһƥɫģӧɫںëɫϣ۲ˡ
ӧˣĶע⣬ƫƫɵǣӧϣҲ겢ٺġ
ģǺġ
Ĵ̽ԣ״Ʋʵ:
˵ݽ֪ʱ˵ıɪ⼸ճ˵ȴѰãǼģȴûĺʱ򡣡
ҼңΣʲôȤģ󲻹ЩĶˣһ⻰˲:
ô᲻֪ǳǼױիģҵùһСУĸұ͵ġ
˵ͣһ£̧ͷҲνˣ㳯ʹ˸ɫʾ:
μҶˮɫɰɫ˵Ǳɪ㣬󲿷ֽ͵ةฮȥɶζ¢ˡ
Ҳѹ֣⾩ж˻أ˵Щ̼ˡ
ϸˣתţνҵӧֵͷ˿Ȼ͵͵Цˡ
νػ˼ǸȫЩ뺦˵ʱ򣬱ȥֳɣѬŨ㣬±˷ֲ
ȻδЩֶΣֻҲСԴ˰ɡ
ĺȻеĳ̶ȣպļ޸尲Ǹ߻˼ģֻ±˻Ǯء
ãôˣ
̼ỽһ͵ػع漴ЦӦ:
Ŷ£ݽ㣬ǽɡ
Ҳûû;Ҫƥɫһأ̸ЦغһͬΧԳ
νϣۿĺʲôû֣Ȼƥȥˣ˼Ĳģν⣬ĹŴЦˡ
һߺɽڣ볡еȻ졣
Ԫ似˵ã緢ϳ۳ңغϾջٲȻѾһˣؾ̫Ԫ尲Ǽǡ
ةҲѪΪ尲Тǰһͷ㰲һУȴ·ɱҧǰδμӹԵԪ㽣Ƶ˦һ֡ 
깭ֽýīƮָ£һʸββ
ģҷ֧
ಡಡಡ
żͷ̽Ѫڵ΢죬̧ۿȥ䣬鷢
浱Ӣˣ
Աһ˵ȣԵĿࡣ̫Ԫ̲꣬סͣԪ޲ڡ
ƽ˶ΪǸѧĲݰҲ˵ƽһҸ뾩Ѱ£ϱҹӵ¶˾֪˵ű˿èص֡ȴνһˣز¶
ֹ֪õ֡
̫⻰˼Ǿˡ
ǰȴδͬһμأ
Ԫ껹Щ⣬Ԫͣĸģô˵ʲôһǴȴż֤Լأ
Ԫ˹Ԫʾ:
صµĻǰ·;ңԶ㱼ֻǡøϣֳɵº͸λã
һ٣뵽ʲô΢΢һЦʱ:
һԳܶԺҪˣ˵뿴ܶͷȻȫԸý˼ʧġ
˵ţԪ㽵Ķֲʱ˵غһ£
Ԫһ㶣ӦˬһЦ:
ԭˣáðû뵽ֹҲˣܿ㡣
⵹ĻϾԪԪ㽵ȷδѡ
ڴʲôգһЦ֮ΨȺм尲Ԫ㽺Ԫ겢ԶĵطҲһ˲Ԫ㽻л
ûʲô飬ȴӿģסɫȻвܣȻЩŤ
̸Ц䣬ҲгϢԪͬԪ̸ţ̧ƳɽƬƽعľΧԳƼޱϤǸӰ
͢ÿԶΪŮר׼һصƼֱΧԳǧŮСһ䣯ЩҰ֮ԪߣǺ껨¹ġ
ϼӦԪ꣬ȴǵɫӰŲˣʵҲ̫壬òģƼΰˣҲ֪㡣
ɾʱ
һգ۵ĹԪϵЦʱ̣˫۵ɴͫһ:
ԭúöضϣ̬ݵ̸ķ䣯һҲˣɻûüˣµȴ֪ôͻȻһŮסʯ֮䣬һ˲ıˤȥΪǱصڵϷȦײʯͣ¡
һĻþԪֻĿ΢ϣһ±һӵľʹһʱ֮ѡӦ֮ʱѲ֪ôʶٵصתͷ˵ľɣֻܳǸȥ
ǰɣﶼ»˵İɡô¶ô¶ôö˶˵ػˤ
ݡ
Ԫ㽸ֻöߺķδ˽޲ʲôˣ̷ɵߡ˫ɺ죬Ǽ·ﶼֻܳ·ߺֱײ߽Ǳֲݸ˶
õģý䣬ֻ֪Ϊ˲Щ˵õһֻ˱ǣοЩϰ֮ࣿǲˤ
ţЩʱӽ䣬նǲˤˡ
ûͷһ˲д鵽Լͷƽ޷СҵؿҪ޳
ԱߺճЩʿҪסԪȥ·δ:
ӣͣ°ɣǰΧˡŹأÿ볡ʱΧڵģȥˣֻĺ볡ٽˣ
Ԫţʲôţֻǰ·ԺˤһĻ
лҪ˵˻İԪ㽣Ҵδ˰ұһ

 39 

ɽ·, ;ľ֣Ԫ˳
ΧԳԵһȦһ˸ߵΧվһЩʿ, ۼֱֱس, һ
ߺˣ
ͷһſ׵ʿǰѯʣԪ㽵Լأδͣ, Ԫص:
ƽ, Ԫ㽡
ÿ
ǲĹˣǽ¹ش, ˭ְָλ̤Χ
ۿ񣬰ͣµ˼ûУЩʿΪ, Ԫ㽵Ҫǵ֮ǰ, ЩţվǸÿˡ
һžľѵ, ԪѾԽ谭, һС·ѡ
ʱѾŵûʧɫ, æȥ, ˵:
, ô
ЩǱ, ȹңɢ, մЩм
̵ļУ˵ԵЩƵˣ
ʯͷ, һ:
ͦ۵ģ۵Ķ࣬׺ҲˣĵĶʹ
̶ȥʮУԱߵĹ˺λټҹŮһ˳¶Ҳ׷߾£
ĸһ̧ۣȴֻԽӰأԶɱԪ㽣Ź⣬䣬콵ȱ
:ԳԶĶ֪ôԽΧѸٵطظġ
ÿѣߣ߾ܵذ
ԪʱѾˣ͵ĳ΢΢ǰ㣬һҵ˻ЩǧС׷׾һ£Բȥ
Ԫ˦배ķӦ֮ʣѾߵǰϥ:
ɡôûˡ
Ϣȣ̫żˣûл񵹱Ҫܡ
һߵ̶סˡ
ǲ֪ĺӵЩģĵС֣һʱ仹ûӦ
ؿڿüͷ˰:
ǡ㲻ΧԳôͻȻˣ
Ԫ㽻ز鿴ĵƣԱ̻ص:
ɽˤˣȱԣ˵زذ
ʱȻ˿ڣ۵ġ˻һ:
̫أǽˡ
ˣǾû취߶ˣеҽϯ̨ǱߣԳҲû취ˡ
ԪüͷЩۣȻһƣֽ̧⿪Ķдϡ
˶ûӦ֮ʣţֽ𡪡

ĵ͵͵ؾΪͻȻʧأֻʶؾסԪ㽽۵ĺڡ
£ʹϯ̨ҽ
ԪʱѾ侲Ȱοʲô˲ˣ֮Ȱĵ˴һ¡
ԱЩΧ۵Ķһʵû뵽ͥڵġ
ĻδüֹԪѾתȥˣ漴ʲôֲȥ̵:
ðһ䣬֪λС㣬˭
̻عæش:
׵֮Ů̡
԰գԪ㳯ͷʾ:
С㣬ôˤĿãʧãҲʵ³Ҷиһ磬ܣһԺڸСܹæ֤һ
С㵹һиˣ˿ҲŵĻػ:
ǡȻ
˵ģԼסˣӡԪһʲôģǾˣȴ˼ȫΪ̺ú·
һץԪ·ԽؽЩ
Ԫ㽵̵ı֤ҲٶԣȣĳԳȥ
;һ£Ǿ񲻺ϣԪ㽷:
˶ӣԻȥ˪ҶҾˡ
Ԫͷû:
˳ΰ̶ʲôο˽ţҲ߲
ԼҲ֪˵ֳ˿ڣ۵һȴؼ:
չ顭չ黹ǲ̫ðɣ
ԪֱӾʹ:
ģ˭Ϊ㣬һӦţǴǵȣҲ㡣
棬ôб
ֻ㬵ر죬ٲ໰ˡ
һ·ЩйһĻԺ׷״ͷҶ࿴̾һƹ˽죬Լ˱˹飬ҪһӴеĴˣ
ô˵ĵҲûйԪ㽵˼һӣܶණٿˣ˼ΪãҲٳʲô£Ҳû÷Ҫ֪ô˼ҵĺ⡣
˶һ죬Ҫ࣬Ҳס˵ʲôǼ䲻ʹлڵĽ˱ֵ塣
ο˼ű¶ԭȻֻǻνҪӺ£ȻƶˣǼȻ˵زȻҲ׷Źˡ
ȥԺԪûдĵشȥǰͷֻĽͻҵӡ
˶ϡ٣ĸϲδҲϯ̨ͬТ磬ֻ˪ҶڣԵļҲԵġ˪Ҷһⳡ棬ŵˣԪ㽼򵥼˵ǰ˪Ҷֻ˵չģû׷ʡ
ذϣ漴ڿο:
̣ȥҽ
תͷԸ˪Ҷ:
չ˺С㣬ܣ΢࣬Щ
˪ҶæͷӦˣԪ㽱Ӷƿȥˡ
˪ҶϽ˱Ȳ:
СЪЪūָȡ
۵˵ҧ˵ͷ
ԪٶȺܿ죬һյĹ򣬾а׷üҽһͬһľҩ䡣
Ǹҽģֻǿˤʹ֮У֪ôˣá
ҩóЩҩƿ߹վŵ˪Ҷ:
ƿֹѪģƿǻѪġ
ҽֹΪλ˶صˣλӻ𼱻ǵذҲЩƤˣȻѪ쿴ЩˣʵʮվˣزλĽˡ
תͷͬԪ㽽:
ӣϳһλŮѧΪλǣżҲؾţ˵û˵ôء
Ԫɫ˲һһ:̫żҽҲĵˣ÷ȹϵϣɰλҽŻˣ˼ڵ٩Ԫ㽵Ҳ飬޻˵
ҽԺԪ㽳ٳûŲ뿪˪Ҷĵ·ĨҩΪѣҲ֪òÿˡ
Ķһ£ˤʱ˵ƤһϸϸܵĴʹϳЩϸ뿪˪Ҷؽ黳Ԫ㽺ڷֲףҲȻûгȥֻתߵ
ҩǺҩ𾢣շЩıоһȷŸҵĴʹϮűɰ⡣һ⹬ҩ˪Ҷһʼ΢Щصʱⲻ˾Ҫ͵͵سԪվüͷ˫ִҲճȭһƬʹ⣬˵
ҽ˵˵ĲأԪһŮˤֹȦصײʯϣô᲻أ
Ȼ룬ҪԼܴܹͺˣʹֻʹÿͺһ͸оĿھһ¡
ߵ˪ҶѲ˵ĵطɾְϱŵӣѾ۵ĺˡ
֪Ԫ㽲лҪ˵Ը˪ҶԼ齿ϣȻ˪Ҷгȥӡ
˪ҶЩΪѣҲԪ㽶Сôļֻ֣ò鲻Ըسȥ
Ԫۿ˪Ҷӣŵߵǰվ
ɫ΢Щ԰ףǿһĨЦ:
Ԫ㽣лл㣬Ҫ㣬ҿ֪ء
Ԫ㽲ԸԼģҲǼƽЩʱ룬ǿ˿:
л
ɣպö˶˵أôͻȻˤҸϵʱѾסιҩҵʱɽһۿʱǷġ㡭㾹ǲµġ
̹µ䣬ô֪ܲļգ³ôܻᱻˤȥ
ʱûоź£ˤʹ⣬Եı鷴Ӧһ˿Ҳޡ
һ£û뵽ƽֵģȻô׾ͷ˲Ծ֪Լ£ʱ˵׼ˣȻᾪš
漴ɫ΢΢Ц:
ҩ֪ģҲԴЩ
䣬Ԫһ£̧ǰЩʹ:
Ϊʲô
֪ƥʹЩʱΪβܿ
ȴЦЩζ:
ԼةҵĶСµ֣Ũıɪζ֮ԵЩأմϲϴ㣬õҲ࣬Ǳסƥϣζδɢȥء
ԭֻǲ²⣬淢˿Ҿ֪Ҳ¶ˡ
˵䣬ȻЩ:
Ƥ֮ʲô¹شν񻹸ʱȻ˷ˣ¶ͱȥʥϲ
Ԫüͷ临ӵؿģ
ˣԹЩѾã㽫ƾͼҲ֮УֻԪﲻǷۼΪܵĿʹԺ
ǰɣǣԲϧһд۱ǣʹ˵һǧ˰٣Ҳϧ𣿡
⻰ʶȫȻΪ֪һԨԴ֪ǰΪֻǱ˻ⱳһ¡
ʶ԰θӦ:
ǡؼӺˣһ㲻ʹعȥˣȴԸǰңǲԭķӣҲƢοһˣ
ƽ¾ŵţԪδٿڣֻġ
ĵ̧ۣۿԪ㽲У΢һԣΪԼ˵Ļŵˣһһһ츺ڵ:
ôүҷǰ߰ƵĶģˣڿˣǰԶԣ
ĵһЩӭԪͻȻ̧𿴹Ŀ⣬ﲻ֪ôЩŤ˵ĻҲ:
үͷת߼͵ŮˡԶ͡

ƽʱЦеϲûԪ㽡˵ʰʱƺ湧ʵ䵭Ļˡү
Ԫ֪ʹӹ㣬ȴǿƲסԼ»ңͬĽ:
ǣЩСƣӦ˵ģγƵǶҲ˵Լ
ԪʵҲЩίģô˭Թ˭ġ漴Ҳȥ:
Ҵδµġ
Ҷദʱã˼Ӧ˽ҵģԪⱲ¹ʲô
ҲˣԼȥˣԳֻôҽô֪£ˤǺã
ΪĻǸʵƳµͷȴԼİΣ
ô֪£
⻰һ˵Ԫ㽾ʶʼ:ҵүˣŽ˽ŲˣԵģݹۣô죿ôǲ֪£ƽʲôƲƣ
Ԫ㽴˿ͳ࣬Щʧģ˫Ҳճȭ״:
ǰ㻹ͬҽģΪԸͬ˵Щֵģ»ϲ񣬿˳ıͬҶһ䡣
һ٣
ݱЩ˵Ҷ˻ƥҴܹζСҲֻᱻĸء

һ㶣ôҲû뵽Ԫã˵һ
޶ȣ
ֻĵ羪κһ㷭ĿŵؿԪ㽣ỹڽ黳ϴĿĴССˤˣš
ǰӸµؿģȴްλߵϣĽ:
֣ƣſֻ׺һ˴ˡ
ίǰգĵ˴
ĿԪ⸱ģһǰȻ΢΢Цˡ


 40 

Ԫ˰, ǰʱܾԼʱѾʮ, ҪϮλ, ģ˾˭߲ȥ
ڴྶͥ
żͻ룬һһԪ㽣Ͳͬһ, ʱ, δûж˵, һ˿ζȣЦ֡
ǰԪ㽣ԡѪ, , ϵĿ׻䣬ϲŭ޳, ˺¡
ʱ, ṳ̂ʵ, ҲԸ, ȴǶǵáʱ޽, Ļ־ϧ䰮尲
ʵõ, ǺݼڣԪôҲϲʱվ, ҲԸ׽㬵Ժûб׾ߴˡ
һֱྴȥ, ǶƽƽؾٰüԪҪ̫ˣ˳ռ̫ǿֲÿο˵˵űĬ
ѩһԽԽֱ
񡪡
޳⻰ʵں棬Ǹ˵ֽվǰŸǰȻ̬ͬȴ
Ļڳ˼룬Ԫ㽸һ䲼ĵģֱǴĨҩ˱˴ȷ˵ĲᣬѪ͸ɴͷܿ˿˿ƵĵѪ
Ԫ㽿źۼˣǲ֪ôͻȻˣĵʶһ£ͬʱһ:
˻
Ԫ̽续üҲûƽſɵģȡ֮Ķǵ:
ôǺ𣿡
ϻȻ۰ٺõҩҲܷôͼð¾úЦҲûпڰЩ˵Ϊ˵˳ؿڣǶҲЩˣĥ·дʹ֮С
˵ͷԪҲû취ˣֻСصͷȥĲԵУ촽⶯ţڸϵ˴
ʱ͸оһҲ֪ǲãԡһ󣬺Щˡ
ֻоСķӣĿԪЩܾĪЩ
ҩõģϾЩˣ㲻õġ
Ԫûģרעض֣仹ϸظ˵ⲻ֪ʱ̧ۣܿıƽҲؿء
š֪ˡ
ţȴȻԪμأΪãٲȥϰ볡Ҫ˰ɣ
Ԫ㽡
ĻԪ̧̾ͷ
ţô
ǲˣԵ¶
Щˣֳ˻ߴ:
û¶ˣ졪ȥļ
û˵꣬Ԫ㽱ЦŴ:
ˣֻҪԳ㲻ٻȥˡ
Ԫ峺ްֺڡ
޷ɵһǰ˦࣬ҪЩʱܽ
ɣģҴӦģһͷƣԪ˵⻰ʧԡ
ĵģƺЩȾȻҲôˡһһ
£ԪԵ£:
ɣȥ˵ζ¶һ£ȻѾ߽ʹȥѰ˺λ֪һҲá
λԼģҲб°²ˮʯԿ
ܶ鲻濪ڵģǱȥЩ˵˺ͱ¶˵Щ֤ݳҲá
ӦºԪ㽱תȥӡ
¿ϣŶɴԼͷϯ̨˻ｻҲ輧ڳ֡
˪ҶʱɶȥôͷĲ豭æۼֿضݵ
һ󴽣·±:
˪Ҷ㸽Ը

֪Ůµʱһϯ̨Ϻ̸ͬʱ־ŭżæŵغ˸ǣͻԼӣ˪Ҷȥ֪:
μ˵ǱʥϺǵϸͬ˵ҪΪСֻع
˪ҶҲߵغܣǰⲻ޹ʹͼӴ֣ʺȻɫѿӽľȻģԻЩ
ν񻹲֪ԼͷΪճֺˣ֪ﻹЩĴй䡣˵СˤòƺصӣȥԺҽû߶һ£ײ⶯ˡ
νʱ͵˼ԼССһأô˶û˷쳣Ϊ˶ⳡ¹⵼£ɵøΪԼĴǽء
֪ģ˭֪ģȴʵʵڵˣŴء
ﳩ죬˵һ£ҹţ˵˴бʣƽ֮˵ãҪͷϼѡ
ҲĹעЩȴСŮ֧֧أʱ￩һ£æ׷:
ʲôԵ¶
ŮֹƺܺνƵģֲźۼЩſ:
ǡƽӣСȻȥģ˵˹̤ԳΧҲ޷߶С㡭ȥġ
֡ЩĿ˵ĹŮǶСۣɹˣֵ䶼ӵһԣ˹ҲҪС㣬˵˵Сôÿ˵ˡ
Ů֪ԼССˣ˵պС֪ЩҪģֻ޾ϸ
νû꣬һѪӿôҲû뵽Ӻ֮صֵ˲ܲˡԼѾ˼õ˴ǰĵģ˼ֵ˸õĶɵĽ۵أܲޣ
ν񾾽ǲмдһ˿˿ƽ:
һȺƤǳģ¶ǵһƷŮˣҲã
ԱվŵŮͷһԣԼ꼰
νҧгݣǱԶԶһ֣źüŹ˷εŮν죬ֵ˳Լ߽ˣⲻϴʺߵĹ֡

ֽνһϹ:
Сױ
ūǻʺģ˻ʺĿͣȥϯ̨ǰҪѯʡ
ν飬͡⡱һ£²᲻¶ʱǸСŮ˵˿ģ˵Ҳֱӻɵνͷϰ˵˭֤֤˼ˣǿ˶˳ǵͷ:
ǣ֪ˣذɣҼ̾Ӧǰȥ
ô˳ϴһΣѧᾴηˣʺﻹԵŮΪ˷ֹּ۶ӣ¿Ҳòˡ
Ҳãʡˣһתˡ
ν㷲ϯ̨гյػгδѰԼȴ»ʺѰԼΪ¶һ£Լ˵Ūɳ׾֪¡صĳֻҪϴǰˡ
˵Ҳʣǳ谮Ҳ֪Խ֪Խãײ˵ģһ˶ŭҪȥ
ο尲ȥΧԳˣةҲڶǱߵϯ̨ţѰȱҲûȥȻŮҵ滹ҪҪˣ
㡣
ԣн㣬̧ͷɨһȦȫڻʺͻҡ
£ν񳹵ûˣֻӲͷƤӺƵʺǰԱ߿ñʺ󴫻ȥԼȴһϢûõɵþüͷץεҲĽˡ
ʶ;һԼԸĻʺ뷨ӵĽȻûûǵģôپС㲻ƫ
лҪ˵һдνҾСȻɵɵة˶ϧһӶˡңڿม

 41 

νһ, 
ʺ򸣽𰲡
԰̧ȥһֱߵĶͶȥ, Ѱˡ
ڻʺ, ǰߵѾŭղºӣǻʺȰ԰в, ׽ιĹ, ˵ȷƳһѾģŮȥӽСõʱΪҵѾ, ҼѾв쳣Ҳû⡣
ٸ˪Ҷıɪһ飬˵:μԵ, ۹ѾߣǹŮپ, ֻζСһⱦɪ㣬˽»ʺߵִ˺üμϯ̨Ѿ, ϶մȾζ
Բʫǰ㾲, Ũص, ƫνΪͶһ޶, ͷҪԵĹŮò㡣
, һĿȻ
Ƽζ, ﻹⲻҪһ:ĶƵķӶ, Ūɳ׾˿˾ᡣ
ʺ˷̧ۣϲŭƳνһ, ̬֮ԣǻׯ:
ӦĵǼʱ
ֻʶһС¶Ͳˣ˽˾ͺá
νһ⻰Ͷû˵׶Ͼ飬СȶЩսս:
ǣʺʻŮ֪޲ԣ޲
ʺЦһϿŻǺƽûʲô:
ҲԵҪ£˵վйŮС֮ʱһϣɪģζޱȣϳһ㡣
Ǻ棬ߵֱȥһȦ˵ǽ꾩еıɪ㣬θСԺ
νһ£漴ͷӦ»һ:˵ʺ󲻻ûƾûݾģο˭Ī뵽ϣԭΪ㣬ҲǣʺôѰŮ˶׷Ķ˿Ȥأ
Է̬ǧֳʺһС:
Ļȷд£ϵ˼볼Ůĸˣ볼Ů
仹Щ԰ȴʹĶõģʺô׿ƵϣȴûչһζΪʺҲϲ״ǫʵ԰:
ҲģϲŮձ˷ǹĻʺ󣬳ŮĶȻҲġ
ǰ˳ķУʺֱЩЦգϧĳ¶׾ǰŰĽ֮Ůմմϲⲻ֪Լⷬоʵڼʼ岻֪νĺܡ
ˣⷬ⣬ˣϾͲˣȻѾϣȷϣԵĻͺʶˡ
νһĵȻ𲻺õԤУɻûӦʺߵֱѺһѾ˹ʹֱ˹¡
νһѾߵģŵûһ:Ƿ֮ǰȥĵ¶ŮʺѺʲô
ùŮȥվһ׼һС
һ鲻̫ѾЩԤУƫƫʱϯ̨мյص輧һգ׷˳ʵһ۾ע⵽Բ಻Զʺ߶Ķ
ôˣʺ󣿡
ô¡صʺö˶˵زةСŮģһءʵ˼Щ²ŮǶʲô¶ѾЩá
ζﵱ治ʲôʡ͵ĵƣͬ˳̫Զˣػع֮ĳϣҪǳЩС¶˳
ʵ˼ˣ丸ة಻:ô£Ů̲ܽãΪһةࣿ
ʺŻʵѯʣ̱Ź澵վʵ
½𰲣Ҳʲô¶˱µǳ檵Ĵˡ
Т۰˰֣:
Ǻ£ʺ˵޷
νһ⻰ȶʼʺ϶Ŀһۣʱһʯֱף֪²
Ȼ
رµĻõŮƷ֮ŮģСԳˤأȴΣȥ飬ԭС˵ƥ˶ҩںŻʧط񡣡
Тüһνηηصͷʺղԣⳡ¹ʵĻʹҲζѲ˸ϵ
һ⻰޵òҲû˴ݣֲ÷һֱôҲζӳ£治֪˵ʲôˡ
죬˽²鵽ζСͬ¶ЩǣҲû֤ȷ䣬ԲŰѯһ
ʺ˵⻰пϣƫУҲûҪڻʵǰˣʲôĻȥƫĺеìͷָνҲֻһţ˵֤ȷ޷ǸԼ·μҷҧһڰˡ
νԭлһ˿ңۿǸѺŮ˿޷㲻ҿ֪СʮаˣѽԼӳˡ
ʱϯ̨ԵҲ׷ע⵽λߵĶԻͶߣةȻҲƼСŮ̷Ըǰȥ̽
ȻĿ֮£νкȻȻСѾ߱ѵķŭƽةฮ޷죬Ľݰ裬һУһζдƵϡ
Тʺ˵δٿڣʺתѯν:
ζС㣬űҲˣʲôΪԼ粵Ļɽñڴˣλϴزԩȥ
νȴŵؾ͹ȥſǻŭ⣬ֱָ̧ǸҲѺŹڵϵСŮ:
ʺ죬ŮԴһ֪˽⺦˵ķȥҽ㣬ǰʱڳŮǰ˵һЩʼĻŮʱֻ˼䣬û뵽ȴɽմ
ɽЧȣŮ̲ܽˡﰡ
԰գνͷлһ߶۵ĿģǱѺס޷˵Ů۲ţ漴ʵؽлν죬һԹȥһŮʵģ
ʺȴ΢΢üͷͼ޻ڸ֮⣬Ϊ˸֪˫ִճȭüۼŭ⣻ҲźۼطһЦ:
νỹ׻ʺΪβϽǼ澴ɱˣ˵Щʲôýлʺʺȴҡҡͷ:
ζС㣬˵ʲô
ŮԱߵִֻδ¶һ£ָգǴԼ¶֮¡Ա£ʹδȷ˵Ļֻ֣˵ǣ
⻰һТ۲ŭͶνʱ԰һƬ˵׺䶥ҲΪ
㱾ӹһ٣಻ձһ°ˣɷţȴԼˣŮȷ¶Сƥʹˤˡ
ν񣬲Ǵ󣬰ʯͷԼĽš
ʺһƵᣬطλ
ԭеıɪ֣֮£ȻԼ˵ˣҲʡ࣬Ųˡ
νѾŵˣôҲû뵽龹ᷢչز˰ʺʲô֤ݶޣȴ˸ףͶ
ڰڵĳӶˣ˵ʲô޼£ʵҲһɵƱ磿
ν¶ϾǻҵϸŻʧأһʱ֪ô:
ԼŮ¶ŮźģǱǵӵķԸһˣһٸӣҲҹȻȳȥıһƷԱҵĵճŮ
ʱҧӲ˵ǸһΪǣǿڳ˶ɵӣ˭ţ߻ʵҲڳõĽܰһжжǸŮȻʵ۱ض֪ΣѲ
νȹϵϣż֮̿ʱһƳλģǵ
ةѾЩ̬ȴϵ׳ʱī۷˳ᢵƣһн֮䡣
һ߹ȥة㹪ʵۻʺ͸λʰվνǰֵ:
£΢ֻ֣̿СŮ̲֮ܽˣ֤ȷ䣬˰Źشɱлգﾹ͵öºͼλء
˿̵ǻС־˿аٰ©ŮĴֻһζ˶Ŀ鶼жһССŮϣ޲ý˼̾͵ش޶֤һӳģһһ񶾡
ʺЦѾǵŮǣة࣬ǱΨпʵδõˡ
ʵǰǰɵμң¿ɴС󲻹ة̫֮ƽ֮ˣλʵ۲ֻΪΪʱֵõʺμҶС㡣
ТʺƣҲǸɵģةӲһһƷԱ߸Ƴ͢ĳӵʵͬҾˣ˿ֶΪԼ¶ı˵Ůѣŭˡ
ϣ˿л֮Ǻ޻֮̿⣬һͼ
μңʵڷʵڿɶ
Тŭȥȴֲò˼࿹֮ˣʵ϶вޣԽȨԵĲ֮ġ
ʱҲϯ̨ϣԪԼλϣɫƼةһ˿ǲޡ
ϾҲԪТһҵģѹڻͷϣԪ㽳ô󣬻ͷһμ
ŻʵȻŭȴԲԪȻá
˫ַ£УͻȻվһڻ򲻻Ĵм䣬Եøۡ
Ԫ㽾ֱλȥв֪Ʋ֮ʱΨԪһˣްηԽة࣬ȹТ
˻ɻţ⾩ЩĹӹˣȥμϰ볡ӣ³ִˣ
ԪȴȻڵ:
½𰲡
΢ĿƥСˣв̤ΧΧԳˡ
ةʱﻹݰûҲʲôϾóȻس֪һ˵£ĵá
ȻԪ㽴ʵ۳󣬰㽫ìͷֱָ:
ةƽԪ㽡
һҳէɻʶƵǰμӴ˴Χԣȴ;ʣׯʢĳϣͺ˵¶˳ĻҪ£ȻǰǰةͶСԣ޹ί־䶼жΡ
ԪѾȫûƽɵģȡ̩֮ɽǰԲҵĳȣұ粵ָةҲ˿ƴǰʢǰة࿴ǰ·ɱĳҧͻȻЩûס
Ǳӵة࣬⣬۾һиŹŮĸζСǸŮ㵨죿ةһ̲ܽƮƮԹֵνŮйСȴ˵ˣ¶һ±ͬСѲ˸ϵ˵Сһ֪ŮҪ¶ȴݣǺξģ

羪һըڴˡ
⻰û˸˵ƫԪ㽣ţ»ʲôҲû˼ȫƾһǻºͶĵĳ⣬˵Щܺ˴ҲҪΪֻع
˷׷סˣТۺ͸λةһң϶һһģòʡ
Ԫ˵κһν񵣴ģԷżãŮЩȻ˭ĵУһʼ֪ˣܣΪ˸άԼŮ
ν̧ͷǰ꣬ϣɫǶη壬ҲκŮ˼ˡ
ةȻ˵
λТۣȻ¶ʶ֮⣬ǾãǰһֱôƵϵֹ磬ʢâ¶⣬Ԫжеǡ
ةüͷŭĿӣȻǰδڵĽһ˿Ҳޣǳʤ׷:
ة˹ΪһƷ󳼣Ӧбʣһۣةʵ࣬λҲ֪ةȴףƸһŮ¡
ǡ
ԪЦһٿȻ﷣֮:
ӽ£ة˵ǺôĹ
㡪
ةϣȴҭʵʵڣһֶ˵ˡ
ˡ
ТĿọ̈̄ڷ֮ϯͷĬ˾ؿν:
ּ⣬ϵմŮνһıپ죬ӣʮһꣻͬıŮʮ丸εٰةȴҷ粻ϣһͬٺ֮꣬ڲٲμԡ
̡

еӶŭʬ
Ǽˣ䲻ѪǧȴҲ㹻Ļ̵̻ˡ
ǰ˪ҶĸʲôƵģ˷ܵĲУ㵸״εظŵʱ龰˵ʲôμЩ˾Ҫӹ˽٣ӳһٴǹս
ĿĳСѾڶԪķڷˡ
ν̵ĵطӲԶֱ˻һ˵á
ȴˬˣܵЩ඼ûܣѻ࣬˿һ˲ƾͨ͸Щ:Թ
ةҲʵطһ˲漴Ҳˣ֮Уʵ۱Ͼӣűðһ̣зμҴͲףҲԼ֪µĿ
νҲݵذ˶ʮ˶˹ȥһԿ޳˶ҲûТ֡
ϣԳЩӸҲϰ볡ƺƵػˡ
ԶԶأ尲һ۾Ƽνر̧ϵܣŶ߱Ĺ˽˵ʲô¶ˣСˤˣʲôةุŮơ
ǰŵԪ尲˽ԼϤ֣һ˲İû
лҪ˵ǧֻ֣

 42 

ԵĹǽΧԳ, ͷ˲ܳͷ˲ܽ, ֦Ӱ
Ԫͷһ, ֪أǸ̤ΧΧ, ϰ볡ҲȷٽˣǡνͶһֵʵǰȥ, תעû˼ƽƻƶһ¡
ԭûִ, ҲСԳЩپ֪ˣˣʵۺϯ̨Щ, һ֪ģة뷨ΪŮ, Ҳ˱ɱ˸ֲ
Ԫ㽵ʱֳȥôһֶû;Զ, Ԫ౻ںЩ, ҲûǰҰܿĵСԳ, ʱΪԪԹ, , ߾ߡ
ⲻ, ԪһҲǸող֪ǲڵʱ, ¾ıʡ
Ԫ꼱ҵӵķ壻尲Ҳںͷȴμҵȥ
Ԫߵ·, źĹӭԪһֳ:
๫հ
Ԫŷ尲ںͷ
΢΢üͷͣ²:
๫ʲôμҵͷҵҲǡ๫ӲץδζС𣿱ſƼط״̫õġ
Ԫһ㲻ϲλԵҲͰˣ֪ǰܹģ˻Һõ档ʱľ๫ӣƷ²ˡ
尲΢һֲЩĵ:
£μƴȻ̽ĶС˲֪һֲңֻҽǰй֮񼴱ûԵ֣ҲȥıģҺǶС㣬ʵвҲҪȥԱǸġ
⻰ҲеԪüۣȰ֮:
Ȼ๫ô˵Ҳٶԣֻ๫Ҫ׼δػỶӭ㣬ʱ½һȥĪٶ
ǡס
尲ü˳۵˵գԪ΢̾תҵӲ࣬ȴԶʧ˰εԪ㽣˿ûҹӵĶɣ־ֻùӴȥĲ֮ѾߵӵԱˡ
ӣЩ˾úЦģҲׯأԪϸϸȥȴԪоŵģǿá
⡪
˶ͣ˲ӣ㶵ؿţԪ߹ȥȴûдȥΪűӣֻվͷĴڴҲ֪ͬ˵ʲôԺ󣬽Ŀ˹ȥ
ԪЦˡ
ת尲:
๫ӣҶ˲ʺϹȥ̽˼ҵģһȻϯ̨ɣҲϽȥδ޵ƣл
Ԫ⻰飬ʵڰʾ尲ʱȥľ͸Ͻ뿪ȥÿˡ
尲ɫһӲֿ̧˿ǸӣʵҲģȴھΧԹ󣬲òϣԪ㽵ȷӢ˻Լ֪ǿȥ
˿ǵģҲ֪ʵڲùȥˣǰζֵò죬óȻǰ²С
ֻ̧̫ǡ
ǣ¡΢ȸˣԱ㡣
Ԫͷ׺尲תȥ
ԪתǰǸ龳ãڼһֱЦԸźĹƵģҲ̿
Ԫ㽻֪ԼΪѾ˾۵ףϲϲѰģԼִҰζء
ɣ˪ҶذгСģҿãͷѾˣܺóԵġ
磬ҲǱߣֻ˪ҶȦԪ㽲żҪģģǻҲѾһ˵˺ЩڸЪЪˡ
ĳһڣȷóԣԪ㽴ǰƽϷعûٴԿЩ䲻縮ЩӣȴҲһζ
ϧû취ӦҪ׿ڿ
˪Ҷȥӣ˵ҳˣϲлл
˪ҶϽȥ˻ıԪЦĳǻϲʵֻԪ˵ףȻ˽ֻԪʲôͽӡ
ʵллִԣڣТۼɵة࣬ǻνһҲδ֪οԳؾ׮׮Ķ顣
Ҳãշ
ĵͷŻĴ̣˪ҶкõСðҲ֪뵽ʲôŴ΢΢Цˡ

尲Լҵӣ˾ʹߴȥ̽νͻ񣬵ȴûʲô飬ͷӦˡ
²֪δ尲ϵʱֻԵļλپţˣ㻽ЩŮȥˡ
νѾˣſϳҭ޵ĺòң尲ȴϧ:
ǰΪˣཿݰЩȴ뾹ССͱĲѧѧһHĺֶΡ
˵˿Сˤüأ·ˣǵǡ
׾Լǰվνͷ
ν̧һʱίزˣߵһµ:
尲尲ˣǶңһȺˡ
尲üޱؿν״εţһûԼ͵ʴףȥֱˡ
ˡ
尲üۼЩͷ:
㻹Ӳ𣿴˴˶ӣͲ¸ǽжˣȥһǵմŭ
νһ£ỹϣ滨꣬尲ȴΪ
㡭ѵң尲ôѵңҰ˴ˡ
νٲȻһøģҲޣְìͷָ尲־䶼ڿ߱ˣ·ȫ˶дʲôǶԵġ
尲ͻȻһ
㰤˴ˣҪȥģôᰤ˴ˣ
尲ͻȻθνʵʹ࣬챻κûˡ
ͿǷ࣬˻һںһͷ֮ȥνǳ¶ĸж붼롣
νȴǺȻļ:
尲ôܰǸ˵μҵδҵģֲôǲﻹǹģҸ㣬롪
νı̼ˣ˻䳶ϵ˿ڣоƵģûðɣʲô˲ˣֻź尲˵ҹ㣬ƽŮӸеʧˡ
尲ۣһ̵ʹЩҲʧȥǡ
尲ˣҲԼٴȥ̬أ:
ͬ˵壬㰲ЩȺú˰ɣٸةμǷǣʱ˭Ҳ㡣
һ䣬尲ҲٶԣǶûоתȥͽνһˣűһߺޣ޵ĸˡ
尲ȥةࡣ
ΧԳɱһԪ㽣ةѾ֪Ǻ̤Χȥģ尲Ҳ޷ϰ볡ĵһճ
ةൽǳȵĶ࣬ŸվǰʣȴֿĺȲ裬ԼСڵ:
尲ˣôΧԣûйɣ
尲֪ûʲôģһһʮ˵ˡ
νôة඼Ƶᣬһ尲볡Χûаգɫ˲
棬ة࣬ȨƵλıŮĻء
ûгνͶһ£ة൹ȥԪ㽵ʹЩӣμǷ˼⣬ָ˻ʵ۵ŭˡ
޷ʧȥ˴ͷԵķӣȡûʵ۵ΣʱһлɰԭƻС
尲סһеĲܣޱ˳ӵ:
ǡة˷Ը

볡ΧԻδʼǰĺ͸һţͻ˯ˣּǰ̽ĻʺĸԪҲڡԺѾòС
ǰ˯ϰߣˣԼǺȵҩҲаʹҩûɾ뵡ý
С㣬˾˯ɣʱپ̽ˣ粻ˣУū澽Ӵˣ˵ʹ˾ǡ
˪ҶƤȴʲôҪĹԼʧ˪Ҷôһ˵Ҳסˣ˪ҶȥյĹ򣬾˯ˡ
˪ҶŲΧס齣Ա߲Զӿʼҩ
˯Խˣǵ˺ȴ
ǰ׹˾ţʱãجΣεǰ顣
ʱ˻ˣǷޣһŵĴĹṲޡ鱡
½һѾߣԺļ棬һģߣᳪ裬ὲЦҪǣҲӣܻϲ
СѾֺģĿóҲʵʵڱֹΣҲСڸ߸֣ʱ͸ƫСѾߡ
죬߲֪ιʵԪ㽣ȵѾ
˪Ҷ˵⸮˭֪ô¶ϢؾԪ㽵Ժﱻɱˡ
ĵ¾˹ȥԺ󣬱һ󲡣ţЩ񲡣
̫ʹ࣬ѹ֣ԪһͶûУɱһ۰Ѿߣô󣬳ȥ׵ݵزۣͷһ˵߶ˡ
ɱ֣ķ
ݽ棬ɰ˵ȴԶֹô򵥣ã䲻˪ҶˣȴҲǴ۰ġ
ҲĵһȴĮͶׯͬԪ˺Ƥ֣Ԫ㽴ͷβֻޱؿһֱ粵Ҳޡ
ԪǷӣҲһһرƷˡ
ҲûΪߵһ˵Ԫ㽺ͬ˵ͼŭŻȱ
Ĳ˵:⸮Ѿδһ׶͡
ߵԩöûаȹǸʱͿʼԪˡ
лҪ˵ҸڵԤմС棬ϣҶֵ֧ղรʾʾ
Ԥġдϵͳ[촩]
İ:ְһƽƽĶʮլ촩˾СְԱƿɳµĺԱŮóԺ˯
ǲС˵ʮ꣬繷ѪŰܺߡ
ʮ죬˾죬˶ʮ鵽һŹ˾зĿ齱
űѿĶȽȽ
ְ:
  ܳǡ
ְǰϹ۵ĹѪŰģΪŮʵûдУŮ̫̫ᡣְΨһƽЩŰһֱٹŮӣǺŮȴﱻЩǻٵһڻƽʱһΣȼʾʹˣȴȵؼԼĻԻʡ
ְҧгݣ:ҵĹ˾𣬡бҴڹϣ
ְҲû룬˸дϵͳ
˵:ǧŰһ
  㣬ᡣ
һ:岻vsᴿѧŮרעβУ˲ƭ侲ԳֵĴŮ
:Ϸ˼主СǹvsŮʦΪΪ⹴˵Ľ㣬ͼƭŪȴ̽ԽԽڲ
:Ըǿƶ񶾾õļvs񾲿ɰļãһ񡢱Ϊ۸ļþдգиǴȴͻоӣԼҩɾȡ
[ʱô࣬Ժ뵽ϼ]
Ps:ϵͳ߶ɣŮָɾ鿼ӣص:СûϴױҪbeʵĽhe
:ᵽ鼮ԭʱŰԭӦòƪдŰŮȥҲˣֻаŰķ

 43 

ľʧشﾪѵʱ, ûˣ߹ҩķˮ
̧ڲ˲ϵϸ, ڻ:
˪Ҷ, ҩ𣿡
ûӦɻOO@@, Խ, Ԫ㽡
ϹЦﻹһҩ
ô, ˪Ҷأ
ĸմجʵﻹģǿǰԪԺ, ĪİЩ
ǰǸӣǴõСӡ
Խ, ѾʹӶȥʰˣҴԳ, ˳㡣ҽ˪Ҷ, ҴŮС˱, æȻء
Ԫ߽Щ, ݸ:
, С̡
ĽӹԺ, ȴúȣüۼн֮ɫ:
Խ, ͷ˭
Ԫû뵽˳ˣͷء붺Ҳֱ˵, ϷһЦ:
ɲһ£;˳˵ģ˶׷׸ֳ࣬Ǽء
ĲŲһףеģѾ˴:
˵ĪӲ׻ǱҹӶȥ𣿡
⼤ȻԪһ˲ͼ:
˭˵ģ׵ȻңɣҴӦģһͷƣôԶţ
˶˵ǲݰɽΧԳϣǹҺüʱɵ磬ǱԶԶ˦ں棬ҺͷǼεģûһԵöࡣ
Ԫ˵⻰ʱ򣬽ˣĪʹ԰Խÿÿż֮ʱ᰺ͦصչʾԼβΪҫֻΪ󻶡
֮ͬ
ĲԪ㽵ϲ΢΢ţǳЦ
Ԫỹ٩٩̸俴ȥȴЦһԣԪʱӾͺ͸ˣ֧֧أ˵ˡ
ʱֿҩûأæתƻ:
ҩˣɣҩ
԰գԪüͷϲĺԵĵ:
ǲֻ̧ۣһֱȵģǰ˪Ҷι𣿡
ȻˣɻûĿڻشԪѾߵĴߣֶ롣
˪ҶڣͰɡ
߽һϻЩǳۣϸ֣
㡭ķǿ𡭡
Ԫ⻰ЩСüﷺĵǡ
ԷӦæȥ͵:
£ЩجΣŵ˶ѡ
ԪǺĵģûģֻһֱȵĲĲˣûӦأԪѾҨЩҩ͵ˡ

⡭ǲǲ̫ʰ
Ԫ㽼Ĳ죬Ϊҩ̫ˣȥᴵ˴:
ˣһˣ
Ԫ㽻ӵıԵĵ촽ֵĲˣվǳǳĺϼ
йŮһʲôģιҩҲ̫̫˵ɣ
۽ţڻŵ㡣ӭԪڴǳţſ죬ҩ˽ȥ
Ԫ˲üЦ:
ɺùԡ
Ҩҩʱ򣬵˵仰ֺڿģסļƣ»
֮ĪЩ޵㺳ĿڲðԪҲòȥĺҩ죬;źۼģ˺üΡ
ҩȴǳĿ࣬˵ҩҲףʵ̫ˡʱ˪Ҷҩʱ򣬶ᱸЩ۽ġ棬ԳĶȥ۽ֻüͷǿࡣ
Ԫۼ⣬üͷ֪Ϊҩ̫ˣЩ̣ιҩٶԽ
òߵˣⶼڷ࣬һˣ֪Ѻȳ̶ȡ
Ԫ㽰ҩ£:
ɡԵһ£ҳȥһ£ȥȥͻء
԰ձתӣԼĹԪȥһ̵Ĺӡ
Ҵǰƽʱп˶˱͵ȡģֱӿժЩҰû뵽ΧԳҲУҾժ㳢
һԵĲˮȥЩԲùݸ:
ģҲýĿζ
ģЩǳǳЦĹ͡
ģһ˿˿ɬˣˬڣǰûζ
ϲԪҲϲúܣ˸ģһµݵ
ЪԪһ˰ߣڵ:
ΧԽʱȥϯֻ̨ǰţԵʹ͡ԵλڶҹӣһλҲôϤĻӣЩ˼䣬ˣȴֻ˵Ѳһ£һ뽻ȥ
ͼЩĵط:
Ϊǡһ룿ʲô˵
ԪȴЦŵ:
ϷˮסˣȴҲ˲ƣ±ǲ˴ŲֻԱǰ쿴òٺǰȥֵġ֮⣬ҺһͬǰȥҲһ
ˮһ£ǰ񲢲ʱ򣬲Ҳûж棬鱾칫ĪģмನۣĵĿĴﵽˣȥѲĻˣ尲Ҳ޷ǰǰñ¸߿͹ˡ
Ѳð
͢ǰѲһ¿ޱҪģ꼸ǳŹ֮٣㻹δϮλ±Ҫ½㣬ɼǼġ
Ԫ㽸ˣ֪Ͳ紫ǰݰܵģպսɳս޲˵ġ
Ԫ㽹עĵȴ洺ؿ:
ҪȥǿԴҾġ
ɣأҪȥ˵Ϸ羰ãµʱ䣬ӦҲõĲˣǿԶеġ
ԣһ
ӶûȥϷջ֮˵СˮɽˮĺõطҲʫе̨ͤ¥ٯٿһմʪӻٺòˡ
ǰǱڸ޷˴ΣĻӦҲѰʱȥˡ
ȴǶõģǰĻᡣ
Ԫ㽼ĳҲ֮飬֪Ϸ
ȥȥɣɣҲðʱܷ٣úһգ
ġ͡һЦ:
ƽӣҵŮ𣿡
Ԫֺ续üƯĲ񻰣Ūһⲻ
ȻɫŮ
ǡ밢ͬһȥȻһ¶޷üˡ
⻰ʾζʮˣһ£Īζӳ:Щ黳ģǰ޷׷£ǰ˷ǱʱˣܰЩ̵޹Ԫ㽵ϡ
οҲòϣãȷǻϲӶ࣬˼ĻǾԼ߰ɣһˣηηβźˣ
ϾԪ㽣ûаǰƫִģǰɲΪúöģֺγһϳ˵ĺöأ
޷Լв㲨
Ԫ㽡
ػһδʩϴ˿ȴ޶ˣԪ̧ۿȥıЦ:
ңʵڸмȥμԣҲǱţ˵ҲΪңô࣬Ҷǵõġ
㲻ôһССѣӦ˾ǣҲԸȥǽϾɫҪллͷĻᡣ
Ԫ㽵ҪĻش𣬱ˣĻŭŵģﶼЦ⡣
ֶ϶˵ЩԪ⿴ͷЩټѾ½½ˣҵҲʰ׵ˣҪ߹ȥϼѡ
ԪӼתǴս:
ɣұȥɺã
ʶܾҲΪģҪӡԪȴػֿڵ:
˳Լ߹ȥ۸ģҽҲ˵˽ղ߶ɣ֪۵ģȱžң˵
⡭
˵ˣķ𣿶ҵȷͦ۵ģμԷӶǹͷɢ˼Ƶۡ
ԪҲûӿǵĻᣬֱӾǰȥһĵļΣһֱϥѡ
ɵģıڿնˣһлһԪ㽱ߴ࣬һıֻ̧ͷҲֻõӲ򢡣
㡭
Σҵûˣʹⶼǿտġ
ͷ˿˿ôã
Ԫ˻ЦЩ:
Σɣ˵ʱҲѾһˣҲԵ˼Ҷ߹ˣĵģ˻ע⵽ģġ
ȴ⻨ԪҪߣĻੲݵȰ棬ͼԪ㽰:
ҼǵͿʱ򣬲ǻ֪˵Ըվڴ˵µģ˵Ϊǰһ
Ԫһ˵˼ûУ򣬶ߵſ:
ȻǴһʱһʱǻ˶ӣЩ˴ΧԳᾭپʣҲûнıҪ²һô㵹סһʱˣͷָ۵أҶˣ÷ֵġ
üһһ޹صһң˵ֲػ⻹ͷһμʶԪ㽵նҭ˵յǷˡ
öˣѾӣˣˡ
ҵ˸Ƽͷһ۾͸Ͻͷ˪Ҷɴ۲ţͻТ۴һͬѲ֮ûһ춼˵ˡ
΢Щ޿ı飬Ԫ㽽̶Ц:
ǡɣôִ𣿸ź񼸲·ģʲô
Ԫ㽵ȣЩ:
ҲǵִҲ£ǽұ㱧ˣպͲżˣã
Ԫһ˲δӱѿڶ:
ãƽô
ôʲôô
ͫ΢⡱һ£Ԫ仰ŪĶ©һġ
ʣƽżô
ƽƽʢ֮ңǻ׹ݣȻǶõġ
֧֧ػشţҲ̧ۿƳ𴦣װӡ
Ԫԣȴͣ½ŲͷƲ˺ܶׯغ棬Ļ⣬δ
ƽҸȥĸ༧檣гĲҪͬĸһд
ĵͣ͵ֻ
ʱ֪ԺҪȢӵʱ򣬾ﰵģԺйҵģֻдΨһķޣвм檣źٽҲͷһӾźһɣ˵òã
ļ˵Ԫ㽴ǻ΢ַЩͳЦ:
ҪýƸ̧βźá
Ԫ˵̧꣬ۿԶϼͻп:
ɣİ֮˴ķϼǱʮױģЩ˼͸ҵ⡣
Ŵ۾ĵ͵͵ģͻͻĵѪ
Ԫ㽻˵뵽˶˳ĳ棬ЦպЦ
һǵãҵһμ㣬ǽͷòǱˤͬڨɣѾˣһǵһ
Ҽǵգ㴩صȹ˵֮ˣװһмҼһ棬˵ĵȷǶԵġ
ЩﻰԪ㽴δκȴ龳һΪ졣
ɣǶʱգ֪һΪ˽ͷ
ԳЦЦȵرǰߣߵпհѸ˵Ķ˵ˡ
һζȥôˡ
ǰնĻӣҵһϲģǸҹӣŮҲǸŹŮ䲻÷ȴǻϲԩҡԵ
˵䣬ǰֳС꣬ദĵεΣ׮׮Ȼǵ
Ĳ֪ûʲôԸѻ˵ꡣ
ԪԶһ٣ּ:
ǻĶãŵԣ˳۵֮ϣҿԺ󣬱㲻ɵҶˡ
ɣ˵ô࣬ûб˼ñѵãҲҿ󡣵һ֪Ҫмˣδס
ֵͷϣ:
ɣٶͻһΣҲǡһϲһˣ֪ô˵㻶ġ
ͣһ£ƺŬã˫ţ:
˼ǧҲ˵ֻһ䡭

ɣȢˣ㡣
ֻ㡣
лҪ˵ǧ֣ŷҮڱˣҸĸ̥

 44 

Ԫ㽺ܽ, ҵԼһƬհףʲô˵ˡ
ǰ尲÷ˮ, δ黰, Ԫ˵ԼͷһϲһˣֺγǵһЩ
Լ:ϲԪϲȻԼ, Ӧ˾ǡ
ＫʱܼǵһƬ, ŻȻ֣ǰѾ޿ײؽӴеһС
ˮһ, һһ㣬ĸҲ¼ɡηϢĥˣĺãҲԼû, Ͳųˡ
ңûҪ, ϲġ
ϲ˳ôÿ, ǽĻ, ԾʱˬӢ, ɵϲģ, ҲЩˮ
ܸеһһĲƽ, Ҳ֪ΪԪ㽵Ļ, Լи׹뷨
ǿΪõģһ˲ʻ, ˪һ۵飬˿˿ѪһΧˡ
ԭϳѪ, İζǰδʱҲ׷һӵİȴδ˰ʲôģΨһһ˳׵׵ıѺ
ھվǰһһ˵:
ҲǵһϲһˣȢĶҪֻҪ
̧ۿԪ㽣֪Լۿտա
Ԫ㽼ľþóĬ˼ǰ̬ȣΪûϷˡ˫˫ۿɼʧˣ˵:
ûϵģɣܺú˵ⷬѾܿˡ˵ˣ֪޺ˡ
Ԫ㽵̵ȥ͵ĴЩҪ:
ĸԸɣ£Ҳҡ
Ѿҵԣ˪ҶۼֿƿӣԪСĵرĽȥú
ŬװһνӣķЩ΢޴룬⻰н黳Ļҡ
Ԫתһ˲̧֣סԪ㽵ڡ
ŮؿڣӺ͵㻶ϲ:
Ԫ㽡
㼰Ժȥװɡ

ԪͷһɲǻΪԼ˻þ漴Ӧϲת̧ͷʡ
ǰˣˡ
ǰδתתȻԪ㽡βһأ׿µġ
ǰúùⱲӣڿʼһ𣬺úùⱲӡ

ĻظʱɫȥԺ
Ѿ߸հŰľȹڽˣϼȽŲģæʺ:
ȥ鷿ǰոˣĸȥأˣô۲۰
԰üͷһŭ:
νδҲ̫ˣʵڿɶǻʥ£͸Ķ֣һŮң񶾵ֵز
Ŀοϵ:
û¶ĸףѾöˣʥҲطةุŮǻᰲá
һ¶أͬ˵ûУʥϰѽѲһ£ƽӺ͸׶һͬ죬ҫ
ϹȻһϲ:
ǵȷƵһ׮¡ֻΪǺһͬȥǲǶʢʥô˵Ⱦ⣿
ľЦĸ׵:
˭˵ģĸûȥȥˣ˵⻰ˡ
ţ˻
ĸ£˳ָ˱裬:
ΧԳһչˣԶԶʤвĹӻǣ˴˴ͷ
ҽŮ׹ҲӼʱŮŮܹʱҽΡ
ϵһû뵽ӲǴǰãӣôİһءֻǾһ£ǶԪ㽸Ӹ߿һˡ
ǰֻǾüòðˣҲŮӴЩ뷨ʱһĸ׵ԣЩίİɣЩ뷨ˡ
ڣѯһûлӪ֮ſڴЩ죬ĸŮ˶̧ͷȥԭ˻ˡ


͵ͷףӹ͵Ĺñһһ
͸սžĸŮ˵ӣһ:
ɿ˵ӣҲ˵
ЦЦӸвˣ϶ſڵ:
ǡĸŮĸ˵˽ΧԳһЩ¶˵ӾŮȥҽˡ
͵˵ͷΪͬӣҲ֮:
ǰδӾģ⾩ҽһ㾪°͵ģʤպҲ޴ԣ˵ƽҵǸѧ竲ݰˡ
ƽֱͲѰţΪȴһɫʥʶպνǰ;
ԭ˼ͬԪպҪһ£˼ҪҪòԼأû뵽ﾹһµضԪ㽸ĹˣҪ䵽ȥ
ǽϯ̨Ϊν¶һ½ֲʱԪǰʥϽΧָةɣʱҲڳۼʶԲ
Ȼһ˾ϯ̨һ£Ԫǲ߿ްϣʵá
ľãԼúԪ˵ĺûѾòˡ
ʱ𵱳ƽһ£ͻȼ֮ûΪүһҸǾ˿ǹأӽȥ´Ժ飬ԼŮΪͬҲꡣ
һÿ׵ʱͳ˹עĽ㣬˭Ҳұһˣܵүǰˡ
˵ˣ͵һ٣Щп:
˵Ҳ֣ǰͷΧս࣬ƽԼأ֪ԵĹԱǰȥףأүȵдģÿСûᰡ
˲ͣ⻰ǸЦˣʱϷĻ˵˼䣬ȴȻʲôƵ:
˷ˣҽͬſе֪պƾӵļˣԪҵĴ¶ʱٰģһЩҪ顣
ϸϽͷǡ
鼸תüһ£ֿûҵʵĻῪڣȵһ뷹ˣ˺ͷ˵лû
֪ͺãྴٰü˻ӣһֱĽķֵġ
һſҪʱǰҪ˵Ļ˵ˣĵżѾʰɾˣȥĸ׵֣:
ףŮл˵¿пգ
һ۳ŮģŮˣûգҲҪ˵пյѽʱ˻û뿪ŮҪ˵ЩҲ
ĵЩ˼ˣϿľȣڴźŮһӦȥˡȵֻʣˣĺ˫һֱӣڰؿ˿:
ף˵ǾҲ֪ߣܹ֪ġ
һ٣ӭŶ̽Ŀ⣬ͷȥϸӬ
ŮŮͬСŮ꣬ԼˣҪס
˵ףıʱϣӦԪ㽣˵ںȥ鸮ʱƲסһϲϲض޴ˡ

⻰ȴ羪һըϺ˳ΪԼˣʲôʲôŮꣿʲôںףСӣ֪Ǹ

ȫ³谮ŮĵͨǻﻹĶɣֱǰ;һŮ˵Ҫ̸ۼޣ̱֪ܹŮ

üͷǲԼģ˵ȫˣ˺һҲû˵Ȼ
лҪ˵ŰһģǴҶ˵ӦҺøߣҲôӦǻңT^T

 45 


ľ鵭ȻЩ, Ҳȥķ֣ʾ԰ꡣ
һ£ֿڵ:
֪׸¶޷, ŮĻ
뵽Ԫ㽽ΧԳһֿ֮, ֻԼ侳һԪ㽵Ļ
ĵģԪڶǰһ:
ϴζ, ŮŲǵȰ, ʶ˲壬󲻵ˡ
ŮѾȵ곤, Ҳ˼ǹˣӵҶ˵ΧԳһ, ԿΪ˴£жŮһƬ𣿡
ֻںƽʵ, ԴǿУֻϣܹ͹ۿ˷һ¡
ͺϽ״, ŮĻÿɷ, ûз, ҲǶĬԡ
, ˵ǿܲ, ӽʱΧԳŮ, ź볡޷ȥˣԼֿɵõͷڲ, ðŴ󲻻ķգֱɣͬة粵, ҲΪŮ
ϸø߿һ۵ģ۹û
͵˽ֹĺ尲Ķף˵ǹԿ˼أϧʱףϦദͷŻ´
Ů㲻˵Եˣ׿пһ£Ůλġ¶ŮҲûжֻ֪һ
˵ģҲǸֻ֣ǵ˵Ȱͷ£ͬԼ֪˫һˡ
͵ִħҪһͼֲ尲ʱˡ
ͷ޶˻ЩοǰŮһֱǴׯģֻҹ¶ǵ塣һѶһճ̵ĺöˣȴҲصĶˡ
ʵͷŻںϿԪ㽣ôĿ޷ǳŮЩ𾪰ˡ·ӦʵҪϸԱһ£ԼŮӣЩʵζҲ֮ϡ
Ůûб˼С󣬵һֱ˳ģ˵Ը⣬ҺףǶȻһ䡣
ֻǵܹҪ֪Ǻʱν꣬񵽺ֵزԼװ׵İײˣǲܲױҵĸ˰ɣ
˵ЩЦãĵҲǿѨ磬ĳԿˡ
ɷģŮͬһֱ飬ֹģҲʱĽӴԵıûˡ
ŮҲ֮ͬ꣬ǳϦദ£վˣһֱңδʧ񡣡
ʱһ𵱳磬԰ͤӣйյġ
ʱ򶨿ʱ䣬Ҳʶ봥ȴף຦Լ񣬲ŻӸİɡ
˼ˣĴԼ֣Ĭ
룬Խϸȥ룬ԽǷ࣬ǰԵģԪ㽵һкô
˫ڳв˵֣СأΪЩ𽵹
޷һ
˺϶һۣ޼ĬʹǶһ֪Էʲôˡ
Բ˵һʼĿǹƽύģ͸ӲǳպܴΪġŮֱȻͬ꣬Ϊ˸ĸȻҲҪΪŮԸǵġ
ɣȻ˵ϣҲûʲôԵҪ˵ˡ
ͺͰһЦͶŮ谮ݵĵزǸŮ˵һĸףοԷӣʲôġ
Һ׶Դ¶û飬˵飬ҲͲˡ
ֻһ㣬˵ģڼںǰףýƸǶϲһǰ㣬ҽʱҲټ֮ޣƸޣ㶼һ˿
˵⻰ҲǱŮǰ¸ˣ˲ĥӰǴҪڹؼʱúðѹأٵŮ
˵⻰ͳҲδһԼŮǽӦպҪ࿴һġ
һЩûҲԼ˼Ҳͷǣ¶иˡ
ðţľͺ˪ҶһԼԺӣʮ£ѾЩľ˼˪Ҷȥͳϵϯ
ĻЦ˪ҶСأᰢͷͨһ˵ѰС£ı
һż㣬ͷδ֮˵
֪ߵǸСѾߣū澼һΣסˣū澣ūһҪϸС뿪ˡ
üͷһ𣬽һֱæ尲ᣬ֪ˡ
ʱţҪഫ
Ĵ˪ҶͰгȥԼСشǷţ˼ۣıɫԽ
ȼ仰˼Ҳܼ:֪ȥةฮΪة¥μּ輧ǰȥżȻ䣬ڼɽԱ߾ģة˺ϯϼһεСӣʲôʲôѲֱϷ˽бͷĻ֪ûɣةı֮ġ
ݴЩĿ㽫żյĻҷޱġ
֪һҲ֣ةģı֮Ĳء
ǰ޵ʱةฮƲ֪ôѾڲʼˣ尲һһȨةһƥ򣬾ȻҲбԼεüܿյһ졣
ʱû뵽ةฮûУþլϢʱҲٶ¸ȤȻةฮ尲һ֪⡣
֪尲ǸӲŵĺˣϧة໹Ϊĥƽ尲צʹ˳Լ£Ҳ˵ζѡ
һةฮϢʢھģ˶ڷ׷ۣ֪ةฮǱųնˡ
֣ⱲӸѹʱǵЩ˿˿ƵָȻҲܶƴճǰ˵ļ
μΪة࣬ģ˵һɼ˳д󲿷ĳʵ۶޷װ⵹һ̸ڵǵ˭μң
˼⣬尲ʱԩ޳𣬸˵尲ѾԭةȨƣֺڷҪأ
ɲ֪ôһȻ뵽֪ᵽģةϷбı֮ģǵãֱμұųնҲδѾϢԪ㽶ڸУһսҲޡ
ʦδüͷ˲뵽尲
ֻҲֻ
ֻεıҲֻѰμȷı֮ĵ֤ݣһٸ淢ø׵ܵТΣҪǣܰ⵹ةͷǣһͷֱ̣һʯ
μұȨضûС
ֻľ
񾡹أ롣
ֲ尲һҹ֮ʥ裬Ӹλᣬӵ˺͵ةһȨƵλ
бһ䣬׾Ͱѳý췭ظ
£Ϊһ׷Щʮأһʯͷһ飬ǰһпõˣͳͳڽŵʯ


 46 

ʱȻ尲, Ȼץμҿɾ죬ҪǼңҪúμһ³
붼롣
ʱſһơ, Ļع, 

űƿ˪Ҷ
С㣬, ū澹ϰ, ްɣ
ĳ˺ܳʱ䣬ûѾ˸˯ĵ, ͷ˪Ҷǰ㣬źϴ¡
Ȼϵ˻ʹ, ҹһ۵ѹȥ˿, ˯û㰲ȣ˸ΣεǰЩԪǰλε, ƵƵʱ
ΰѵʱ, μԪ㽱, ʱȥ, ʼᵽϵζ, ˾Īġ
֪ԼϲԪˡ
ǷĵĻϲ, ֮µĸм֮顣
ôãܲģ
ǵʱԼͬԪ˵, ڣסû뵽ô죬Ự˵ڲ, أһ
ӵļ񣬶ʮ֮ƽǹͷͬȥμء
СѾ߶һϲ⣬ĽȥĿãüҲǵĻϲ
ҹĥãǾ˽͸ı⣬ʱԪ㽼ֻȫҵԼȴȥĻƽƹѲӣҪˡ
չ嶼ԵģȴԼһôģƵܻϲİɣ
ԪһССľϲˡ
ԾԼĵ幤˵ùȥֵҲСϰ־ͿʼĻ˿һ
Ƶĵǿ죬ҿҲ⣬ſڴȴŲ̧ͷһ˪Ҷ
С㣬ƽˣӣ
˪Ҷ˳ظϱһ㶣û뵽ǼҾôˣԭ˵˵Ԫ㽼ںô¶
С㡪
ǰδȵҴҵؽָͷһɫ:
С㣬ͷͷӣǽˡ
û˵꣬ĸϽϿ˵Ҳ˲ˣϽѾһȥ鿴
ĹȥԺǽ̫ߣ̧ͷһȻԪ㽡
ǽЩǱ
æҼ俴ˣŹǰһһְǽͷһֳк:
ɡɣ
ɫЩ:ôҲүɣȥţԵҪǽ־֮٣
߽˿ǽͷԪͶˣſֻü첲ͷɵƵġ
ĿƲס͡һЦ:
ʲôſھǱ߲Զǽʲô
Ԫ㽾ЦüأϾؿģ
Һĸպһ£˺񲢲ң˵ʲô֮ǰѰ㡣
ԪƲƲ죬һ:
ӾƫҪܵأܹסӵȣ
ŶûǽġʧЦôԪ㽣ֱǰԺǸƤӣЩӢˬٵһ㡣
ǡ˭ֹүءӣȻҵܲˣΪβŽҪǽأ
֪ʣҪԪ㽣һ˲ֲ֪֪ûʲôӣľý
Ӳδǽˡ
ԪЩ֧֧ᣬ˵ţѾǵ֪Ķˡ
һԵԷνС͸Լү˰ǳ¶Ķں棿
˫Ц̧ͷֻһԲԪ㽾֪ԼѾĿˣǹ˵⻰ء
Ҳƹˤ:
ðɣˡ
ԺſվСţŽǾ͸ȥͨˣĸںպһ£֪ҲѰ㣬֮¿Ҫϼˡ
Խ˵棬ԪԽС󼸺С졣
ڹ۶¡
ԵĻ˵Ԫ첻µزµġĵ׮ףòģڸĸǰ๦ֻһţô
ıشЦˣ˫ַǰת䣬Ԫͷ񡪡ֱ
Ԫ̧Եԣͷ:
ҺСлҪ˵ȥ
۾͵ĵɴתͷ˿ϵʯ壬ͻȻЩĪ΢:
ǡүūһɣ͵ūŶˣС˵Ļ͵ȥūŸòзˡ
δ£ŤͷͿԪޱؿȻղŵİүͲܡ
ΪʲôүСңһ޹ĹҪǣ
з˱һӣٲȥӾϽŲš
Ԫ㽵ţԿŸջ˫һգ֡
ֻһص죬ĲŷӦԪǸС˲֪ʲôʱˣתͷһƣԼ߶СѾҲ͵͵ˣתͷʹɫ
СѾߡ
Ԫ㽾ϲˣԣɵһ̡
ĻûӦԪ㽺Ȼ֧ʲôأԪѾǽͷǰ:
ɣսЩɣл˵
ǰǶǽЩ
Ԫһ۲صͷģϲ֪ʱȾ˵:
ҲҲûԵģǰΧԳ⣬ͬ˵Щ㻹ǵ𣿡
ʲô
һ˲ԼʱǰǶ·˵Щθ֮԰ɣ
ôЩô׾
û㵱˵ÿһ֣Ҷǵһ
ĵأԪİǰׯ˻ͨǺ׺ֱ׵ء󷽵ظ:ûйһǻ⣬⣬Ҳ
ǰׯжȣమͨ͸޷
ԪŴ·Ѿذǽͷȴ˿Ӱɵķ档
˻ӣ˵ˣһղҡұ㣬ֲ֪ǲǡ
Щ˼ųɺ̽:
ýռ棬ʣɣûգСң
ĸо⻰ƬòƽĺֱͶһʯͷȥˮ㲨
ЩģĻˣû˵ԪĿΣǰʵҲǺưģ˵Щģء
˽ż⣬ݸһЦ:
Ԫ㽡
Һֹһղʵţ㻹жÿй񣬻жҿԼ޸㡭

Ԫ㽴ģͷ죬ԭֻϣ˵һģû뵽Ȼϵأ˵ôЩ
Ů˵Щ˶˵֪ߣҲ£֪㲻Ṽҡ
Ԫ㽣ʲôﻰֻ˵֪Ҷ˼ףһķޣӡ
˵ʲôһһţҲӦȻ
ԪѾȫסˡ
ֺȻܻϲֺģ˿˿Ļϲ
Ͷϣӡԭôõĸܡ
лҪ˵:Ǵ

 47 

Ŀ, ֪Ԫǳ˵⻰ˡ
ɡ
Ԫãڻ, ֿ˿, ̧ͷǳЦſʾ˵ȥ
Ԫ㽺΢һ¿ˮ, Ŭȥ뷽Ĭһ·, ȴڸոΪĵĻһ˲ȫ˵Щ
һӵĻ˵, ҹշתߣ˸ߣ, ˵˺Щ黰˷ֱܵҹû˯š
, ֧֧أһֶ벻ˡ
⡭
Ԫ㽺ȻԼû, ǰ, ÿÿ׾, ҲԹǰǶϲ
뵽ǰ, Ԫһ˲, ʲôҲϸ, ڲԵ:
ҡǰֻͬ˵ϲ㡣ȴ˵, ϲ̫ǳҪ˵鰮İ

Ԫ㽵۾峺Ȫ, ˿۶ģһ٣Щ:
δڣֻ°ſھḡֻỨ
ȴǾźûж˵֣ԽΣҲҪ˵һΡɣȢ֮ǰֻ˵һΣ޵ҲſԲӵͬ˵
ˣԪʱİŮӣ˵ⷬõĻǹƣװ򶨵ļ仰ҲǺЩ
ЩᣬԪ㽣üЦţῪ:
á˵
Ԫʱٴġ
ǰһжõúΣԿڻӦԪ˵ÿ黰Ԫ㽼ҪΪһжԼ֮Ļ
ʱߺȻһ΢磬ǽԱҶ죬Ԫ㽽ŵ۽޶ڲ촽΢΢鶯ڿ:
ɡ

Ұ㡣
£һ˲ƾš
ſǽͷϵ˵һԼЦ
ϵӣ˵⻰ʱ࣬ȴѣò˵ڣȴܾԼ˵ĲЩ࣬ЦжݣһԲҲֵˡ
ûһԸ
Ԫ㽱ǰ˹ӣôߵ:
ɣһֱ˵㡭ûʲôҪͬ˵Ļ𡭡
ʱڴԪ㽷һعͻȻһ˿֮ɫҲת:
Ȼеġ
Ԫ㽸ϽΣϾһϴģ
һӣʧЦ:
»ֹУ˵ſھֻһҵģˡԪ㽣⻰ֻ˵һΣȵպҳף˵

Ԫؿڷ飬˼Լˡ
ΪֻǰػһȻʵаŵĻСİȵķϣ֪ǣ
ԪֻԼһĶˣǽͷĸ첲ڷ
ģЦ:
Ԫ㽣Ҳ㡣
Ҫ
ģĵݸһѵҪģԸҲգһµأڳ

Ⱥʮյļܿ͵ˣıԼ컹Ҫϲ׼ûƽصȹ̴ɫ£Լź۱ɴȹ
ǰɫׯɫҲĵһŮ㽿ϸˣÿĽ
ƽ¹ǰԪһˣȻżλȻʵӵǺģҲþǷҪʸһ
ǰͥУʽı㳵ͣĸһ³һ˲Щǰʢۡ
ԭΪиۼԪʱة棬ЩةĹԱҪƽˣȴ뾹ϣԪ㽵ǰ˼⣬ƣЩҲҪðة಻õΣһ飬ʵͽᣬԼڲ֮ء
ĺ͸ĸһȥϴһȥŮϯ棬չȥͿڶΧŵƽҷԴæĲֺء
ƽԶԶؾͿˣʵһɫߵﶼ۵ĺܣƽ֪ϲСϲҪ裬ҲƽҪӭȢĶϱҵ֣æΧŵŮ죬ߵϺĵߡ
Ϻһͬһ:
ױ
ƽϽǰ˷:
úαͬҾ󲻹ϾҪΪ׼ˣһˡ
˵Ц䣬ƽĵʾ£ӺݻòüۺЦȻǼģЩԽԽϲζ
úӣ㽶պȢ㣬ĸ֡
˵⻰Ҳм档ϾԼôϲ˼ҹ⣬˴ǰ̤żȢĸŹŮ˹һλ飬ȴҲһΣʵԹ˼ҡ
ƽǸԻģȻҲܷƵôЩ꣬ȻҲ˼ֶεģôܰôõֻԪôһӡ
ȻһϲԸ̧ԪҲٳĸǰΪԼԣһƽĵλ֮ǰһΪƽҸʣءˡ
л̧ˡ
ƽĵ֣һο˺Ϳ۹۱Ǳǹĵأһ²⡣
һƬڣȴʼʱ䣬ȴԪǸԣ֪ʲôʱĵعˣƵ󣬹ͬ˵ЩʲôһֱͶ˹
㣬˼Цˡ
ɡ
һ㶣֪ΪͿʼСˡ
ƽһЦѾʲôȻƵ:
ǰ㽶ҵģ˼СʵڿɰҲˡ
һ٣
⵹ҪģҪ㽶С˵ӷԸҪ£ȥһˡұ˼ţЩ񲻺ϣȴתһ룬ҵĳѾѸ׵˽˵ˣ㡪Ҳֻ̫࣬㲻ԸҪ˼
û뵽ԪôУΪ˼һ棬ʦڳ
ŪЩ˼ˣ仹ĸϺƽ
һ:
ˣҾȥƣӦ޷Ƭ̾ͻء
ƽǣЦֻ̧˻ӣʾĿȥˣ
϶ЦţΪС²鰮ҲǸˡ
ƽЩŮǵһ٩ߵýŲӿ죬ӲһСϯ档
ǰ·Ҳ˪Ҷճţӭȴ˲óڴ˴ˡ
尲
ϵЦһ˲͵˪ҶҲƵؿȥûоʲô˲˭ûͣ
Զˣ࣬ϴЩǸ:
С½һǲ๫ӵģѰͽ׹Ա޷ԹǼҵֻȥһݡΪǻӣ˭֪Ҿ๫ӵңջ䵽ˡ
Ȼ˵ͷ
ãףްġ
ֻҪ£ȻҲԪһҪǳκ¶ˣȻԼģҺöǱ¡
尲ʱԪ㽣˿²ƽŻ
ţѾߵһԺǰŹң顰Է
ˡ
Բĺ˪Ҷλ:
Ѿ˶ǲԺȥˣֻһˡкЩʱż
ĵͷǣȥԺŷж죬ԹûӵľɱŪСöࡣ
˪ҶżûˣһĬû˵ʲôֱ̤ż߽ȥ
ֻԪͷ룬ĹͷȴɢԺ˼Ӣ续µüۣмŮӵ
ԪŲʶſڿȥһϲסЩ
˫ѾĴϵϸϸشһһ˲֮顣
û֮ǰһЩ߰ĶҲʲôѣʲôΡ֪ɫȥҲӲģׯػһЩ
ֻǽȴ

㣬Ԫ㽷ӦֲƵӿϿϲ:
ΪŴɫɣϾļգ֮ԼҲûԵ˰ɡ
Ԫ㽻ûأѾ϶ˣǰЩ˵أǵ
ĿɵЦ:
Ѱҹˣֲˣ
˵ţԪԵ£Ԫ㽻عŴЦ:
ˣԲġҷųǰ̫ˣȻƽʱҲܺÿǲһĺÿ
˵䣬Ԫ㽻ֹȥĲע⣬һӸס裬ͽ
ʧЦøƽˣҲû֣ͰģȥĦ
˵ЩҼǵǰܱģµѧɫһˣ
٩ľͰԪ㽣żΪ仰ŵģźǰǸԪԶܾЩ˵Ȥζ
Ԫһ⻹ί:
ǰΪ챿ǵǲԸӵģƽ￴ЩʲôģƼ˵Ļϰ߼һǱˡ
˵ǹҡգȥ㣬͸ðҸ˰ɣѰңԹϯͬ˵ⲻɵ˸׵˰ɣ
⡭
Ķ֪˵ʲôˣƵ˵ô໰߼ԵĻᣬԼˡ
СӣôԽԽˣ
˭ľͳأһװίľĪ˵ǶԵģȷ಻֮
ɳɳɡҵĴү˴˳Ůΰɣ
Ц˵ⷬԪ㽹һ˲ƿü۶Цƺ뵽ʲôϽû:
г⣬Ϊ纷ɣ
Ԫ˳أĿʵҲΪ纷ΪˣǱˣǰͰͷϴû
̧ȥԪ㽵һͷīֹ:أˡԼѧˡ
˵ﻹǺԸԪҪ:ӹǳ纷ȴ׽֮ˣԼҵĹضĸΪ纷ԪȴͰͶ
İǺҪ׽֮ˡ
ջص˵ͷԪһ󼫵ʹٵĻ:Ԫĺܺú壬ٴεóۡ
Ԫ㽰ݵʱ۾˫۷Ź⣬ԼǿĻˡ
纷һ㣬ӵͷʽȴӣԱ׾֣;˵СЧǲҪϵרźԪӵˡ
ԪȴʵԸ̲֣纺˷ЩΪµīʱ̧֣˳ȥץķͷϵ֣һץסˣַŵߡ
Ԫһ˵黰ͻ죬ȴƫҪ˵ֲ֪ôˣĵѪȴִĵ̧֣ͷ:
ɡ
ϾͿȥ鸮ͬ㶨ˣҺûϲ
⻰˵ЩˡˣĹ춾ӣ˵ûΡ龳һȻҲ᲻ãΪʹ˫ģĲ˵ͷȥԪ㽵
Ԫ㽣վһһûء
Ԫ˫һľȻĸ׼רŵĺܲأǺͣҲ֪Ǹʲô
ԹԵվĴӹͳһԪ㽻ûüأѾ΢΢ףΪԪ㽴ˡ
ԼңĻ棬ţʱܿһ
Ž꣬վֱ壬һûӦһ
Ԫ㽣˷ϲأͷһ¡

Һϲ
󣬵֮Уͳβ
лҪ˵ĳ˽췢ǣܹ

 48 

̷¡, ӹΣľʽʼ
ǽյĻׯЩܾýյԪЩǰϮλˡȫ߶δ뿪Ԫϡ
ڼܸܵ˷ͶָĿ, Ľû, ֻϯԪҲʱŻһЦתȴֿԱ߲Զ尲˿ޱؿйԪ, Ĳ񻰡
Ӧ, ȴ޷ֺֻܺ޵䡣άԪѾʶ, ԼôУֶݲ๡
Ժ󣬾ｻ, С
ĺϵλöϯһ˽˼ƽǺ½, ղȥϼ䡣
İһߣżв˳Ծ, ҲˮĶׯ, ƽԽ, ͷβϵЦûɢ
ʱԪƽһַ;, һ, ۼһλ, ֱˡ
̧ۿ:
Ҫ𣿡׾Ůͬϯ
϶Щ, ҲͬԵŮӱӣЩλӺҹ¶֪˼ϾҪ, ⷬ龳ȻҲû΢ʡ
Ԫ֪ǹô˵߰ԱģҲգһʵģ:
޿ԡ
ޣ֪ߡ
İ˶ֵڵ:
񻹲Ƿء
Ԫ㽾ЦЩóѵĺթЦ:
ôɼˣڲǣϾˡ
԰գԪһϾڴ⻰ʲôӦۺòױԪҭסһεģ¾΢΢Ǻ벻ԵһѪ˵ǻعȥֻʶ:
żˣʲôɼģ˭Ҷܼ
ˣһһڣܳɼҵˣȴСһء
Ϊ˵⻰Ԫ㽸ҭˣϧɲɣԪأ䣬ԪգϽ״ưʵˣ:
ǡҼˣҼˡ
ô˵ĵ֪˵ʲôˣԪȴ˽ȥĵ䣬Խͳ󣬻Īһ˿:
ҵȻˣһ̶ȲˣֻھȢؼҡ
ͣ˶һ̼ƽӣȥԪ:
ߡƶ
Ԫ㽾ͻЦһʹҲȻֻǿʵߺ˶Ъ˶Ū˼
ɣȥͬ;ƣЩʱѰ㡣
䣬ĵǣԪ֮ǰظһĴʵī
ű仰ǽԪ㽷ӵ쾡¡
ᣬ尲ϯ룬ۼԪһ·ȥͬٯٯޱ䣬жӿ
߾ǹԪ֮ŵĿޣҲòİޣЩѾӵˣֲҲޡ˵ͬҵճŮף尲⡱һ£һ˲ȵס
ǰͼǶ˺ʱһֱ̬䵭ﰲοţԼлġ
ǿЦʲô᣿ϻŻԼԪ㽣߹װףǰдͷ˺һͬѲĻᡣ
պٳϮλ˵лٰһ涼סǿУ尲޷İԾˡ
ƽδȥƸӣΪµĿƿӦҲ˰ɣԼǵ÷ŰʮѮʮһѮġ
ÿٶݡءݡ֮ʡ
ԪûвμĿҲûгϮλֻǸûʵȨӶѡĺԪҲûףһĻˡ
űƱḧԣŰ㿴Ǳˡ
ʵ۴µĻԼ˦ģμҴһϱةСνˡ
ʱɻָҪʲôԼ֮

վԪȥѰģҲû˵Եģֻͬһ¶׼գԵƸһУɲʼɼӭﶼˣֻȶ鼪ա
ʲôϻ塢īƸƸ𣬶ˡĸ˵ٶ֮һ˶׵ļˣ㶨պòã
ԪȻҪȹȥͬĸ顣
Ȼû飬ģҲ£ǲңȫŰɡ
Ԫ㽵ͷǣֻϲϲذ˵˺Щŷ뿪ƽ
ɲɵģٵ˶׵ļǰ죬ʵȴͻȻϳʱⶨѲӣþڶյ졣ԸƽͣǸϿ׼
Ҷɵۣ˵ƽңܻΪԪӺЩҲ޷Ķն߶Тۣ֮ͣҲδڳƣܲͻأؿ˵ԼŮҪˣԼڳɹٶҲȥƸȥѲ˰ɣ
ʵլʺԹѾõةһҲŹƽġ
ͼãջûпڣֻ³ƽͷֶ˸գֻӱѲԺˡ
ĹȻʧ䣬ҲֻԴΪأҴ˴Ѳ¹ش󣬲ǣةбһ£ʱҲܶμҺǣơϾǶǰڻ˽ҲıһЩ¶Ϊ˶Щ
ɿԪ㽣Դӵ֪ӺϢƲڸԷǻȵıʵˣȥ鸮Ŷĺ԰꣬
˭ֻ˻˵δ˽黳Ҳ£ѲҲ١
ԪŰ
󲻹ȵ˳Ҫȥ֮ʱһͷַǷ˿ȥѰǵŰķž棬˪Ҷ֧֧̽أҲ˵
ıЩõԤУȻС㣬񷻼䶼ʢǣҵСӣδھ͡
˪Ҷ˵ȥˣ๫ӴǰʵֲʶС㽫˽ӻظϸϣȥ飬ղΡޱǽҲ޷н֮š
ȴ⣬ǰҵʱ˻û֮ʱ㷢ĴӱҲǣ˼ôкһı㣿
⡣
鸮иҪ飬Ҫ͵һͬǰȥ֮أܳ˲Ȱѳ֮׼ãԵҲûйϵ
尲£ơӣӦҲ쵽ҵʱˣ尲Ұ̫ôܸԸ£ڿƿһٶʵְصһ⵹ةˡʱԪѲʱְҲ֮ˡ
ֻҪȥ֮ʱܲةбһºҲѲ˸ϵ尲Т˵ֶǲһͿˮʯЩ֤ϴʥТ۱ضɵٲ尲Ϊڶةࡣ
Ҳ̫ԪȲةһɵݺβԼ˽尲жٱ֪һЩةԲ˵ʱ˱ѣֻ¶ѪҪҡҡ׹֮£ѡʲôʲôνس֣Լﶷܶ췭ظˡ
ĥЩˣǰЩ֪ǱߴϢ˵ةһĹԱȥ¥ȡ֡˾ƺ˵ʲôةҪҹӭȢζС㣬λˣة˾ЩԱˣȨЦڿഫء
ҲԹةļ֪尲һʵְǲƿˣսףǾǰ϶һˣ尲ƣة׳󡣿ϧһıգةֺȻ尲ѲͬЩʱǰˣŷŭ
ȴȻľ
ϾͿԶЩ飬ԶһˣҪԪһͬȥСŵϷˣٲԵʲô
ʱ˵ⱲΪԼһΡ¾ͺܺã϶˸СذˣãԼ˼̯ز£Ҳɡ˲ʱҪףҪ°ÿʱỵ̈ʵǿĵġ
ֵˣû׻
ͷͷİֽˣС㣬ѾװˣүʻҪǵĳӣģ
һ٣ּ:
үҲڸţū˵Ӷüˣ۰ͰͶصСȥأүū˼
ϾѲ㹫ڳģļ㲻ΪԼǣҲҪϵ׺Ԫ㽵ͬһȥӣ˵ȵ˻еǻദؼһʱ˱ᶮá
Ӧ£ת뿪һתͷͿ˪ҶʰͷԳԵЦӵʱʱ̶̿С㣬⣬ū澻ôЩ꣬Ҳֻү˴ˡ
˺Ľ˪ҶȻҲΪԼСˡ
ĴЦһʱҲٶԣרעױ
Ԫ˻ػ˵ĲͬһȻףҲʧ䣬ίίػҲŲߡһֱȵ˪Ҷһ̤鸮żԪ㽵ſڴ
ۼĳԪӿţƶƶϧ˸ͷģ鸮
ЩܵطӣԸԣȥͷλС˵Գˡ
ѲʵΪӵİȫ־ﲦһСӽʿУʱӡ
ͳԣЧһ壬֮꣬ĻŨüΪ䡣
Ե˷Ըǰͳ:ͳ죬Ҽү˵Գˣͷǰ·ݡ
ͳڴӦ£һ˻תʯ·ϵǰǰʮ߳Ķˡ
·ϵûʲôʵģ󲻹ûǣҲЩ˵£ҹ˷ܹͷˣöû˯£ҡҡλΣЩ˯ġ
˪Ҷɫ¼в˶棬࣬Ȱο:
СǷˣһ°ɣүүأµġ
ҲǣҲѣ˪Ҷֵݹëϣͷųڣûþͳ˯ȥǳ೤
лҪ˵ûж׿𣿿ԵĻ°͸

 49 

Ԫͬ, ЩĸģҲȥʳԼ;Ȥ¶ӿ, Ԫ㽶Ĳɵġ
С, ֻҪİɡƻҪһһ·Ҫ˵ʲôĥһģĻϲ˿, ܸ˲Źء
Լ, ֻ㬵ر죬һߡС, ʵڿȥˣүҪʵ, ԼʱԺҪͣȥѰС˵˵强, ҲǲǲǼį
Ԫ̧ۿȥͼһı, 
˵, ӹȥ, ˰ɵô, ⣿
Գ̾һ, Ҳ, ҲУΪСûͬһƵ, ʱôûŻ˼ҹˣհǰ˺ԥˡ
ʵԹҲԣģԪԸ, ǹȥѰĵȴǿˡ
Լ˰ʱһ½½ͣ£ǰͷ˸żеͨ˵ʱˣͣפϢƬ̡
Ԫֱӣƿȥˡ
·ϡ٣ǰŴŵģһ³Ұһ˲ࡣԪһתȥ㳵
ûж
Ԫ㽶ãǰ಻סֱ߹ȥһ·ն͵ۣһܵĵԲࡣ
̧Ĵͷ˶æʶصѯ:
˭
˪ҶԪɫص:
ңԪ㽡
䣬Ǵ漴ƿ˪Ҷ¶ɻ:
ӡ
ūðʲô¶𣿡
Ԫ㽼ʮ򶨣Ĳת˪Ҷע⣬ʱˣ鸮дСߣС㲻ò³
˪ҶǰԵС㵲ʵʵأΪ߶ԭԪ̽ӵĿⱾͼѣ˪Ҷڵܿˡ
ͷүػҼСǲģ·ϷˣˣūԻ뷨ӸСŪԵġ
˻СѾߣôβԪ㽵֧ȴвС
뷨ӣǶҪˣصСѾߵ֮
ͷȻгڵĳʳһС㰮ԵģԺ˹ʱ̱ţȫ
˪Ҷһ˼ҲǡԼŵķȷвףǰĸܵЩȻУһѾ߻ҪػС㡣
ǡūˣūȥѰĳȥ
԰æӣֻһ˲ԪƼͷ۾ļˣ˪Ҷ˳ԪǣҴҵתˡ
Ԫ㽿˪ҶԶתͷϾʹЦ⡣
˵Ѿߴ˵ľګҲľګƽʱԼӸʲôƵģǵģΪĶڼô
Ԫһˣɵ¶
ŽۣʩʩȻŵ
һƿ˯ˣЩ˫ӯϼ죬һƬš
Ԫ㽹ȥǰ˷ϸǵ磬΢΢ֱӣࡣ
ɡ
չȥػһĺ۽һδ
ʩԵʣ鶯۾Ҳû֣ȴԽԽϲֻ˯ˣҲŮӡ
Ԫָ̧˸Ĵڶߵķ˳ˮԼĺˡ
Ҫ޸Ůӣϲ䰮ŮӡԪʱͻȻӿЩȻԼˣôЩһ޷ԼҵˣҵҲءȴʱڱģͬãպ󻹿ɷͬģɪ
Īĸ֡
ԽԽרע鲻ԽؾҲԽؽˣӦ֮Ѿ֮ңԪ㽶һ˲ĵѪ۽޲´΢
롭׽һЩֻսˣᵽǳϸɵļʱ޿̲
Ԫ㽲ԼɫĴ󷢣鵽Ũˮɡ
ЩŵģԪ㽵촽ǹյĸһѵˮһĵ
㡣
Ԫ㽾ԼҪ˷ܳͷˣ㲻ǵһˣĲ֪£ĪЩ׽͵Ĵ̼С
ԪԵò֪ϦϦأԤıŵڶ͵ףⲻ֪ȴЩ۽޶ţۡ


Ԫ㽺һ۵Сۣãһʱ֮価Ԫ㽽ѡˣõһá
ѹǾӦоζеأ㿴Ԫ㽵ķӦ
Ԫ㽵Ȼ飬û͵ľ飬˿̱˼ҵץβһƬ΢죬㣬ֱ̫ȥġ
ġ͡һ͵͵Ц
ʲô
׼ȷ˵Ԫôˣ˪ҶȥЩʣֻǸȤԪ㽵⡣û취һԱ飬̲סĵĶȥ
үղǲǱʲô˵ġ
Ԫȴ񱻲ȵβ͵èתͷҲǣûС
֪طӦԼ⻰δ̫˵ʱѾˣľȻ쳤ӣƽԪ㽣ûУûôŸ
ҡ
Ԫȴֹһʱ֪ηˡֻǼЦ˶ӣﲻ:ӺɷôǱҼҵסأ
㵱Ҫ˵𣿡
ЩֱȴʶӲҪ˵˵£ҵҲ֪ء
ԪһᣬֱӾӹȥΪʲôȻΪ㡭
˵ţһ۲ضĵӣ顱֮ĵռ£ʶ㣬
үôԽԽͽƵġ
Ԫȴ㣬ֱ̧סĵĺ󾱣ֿԼЩ˶ͷֻ֣ԼЩѣ۶ԪüĿ续Ŀ
ԪֺγܴݲȣĿƣͿ졢εĴ¶Щɫ룬΢
ʱ򼸺Ѿʧȥǣ˾ǰһ·ÿһӵڹ
Ĳ֪ʲôԽԽңܾһҪ
Ԫȴ˼ǵĻᣬ֮޷࣬ʲôҲ˲ˣֱӴףסĵĴ

һ˲ɴۣͫ΢ȫȻ֪ӦʶȥƾܡԪ㽺ò׵֣ӣһֻסֻϸ̬ǿӲ
Ԫֻƾҧȷһͣغһ㡣ֲ䷨ʹҲС
ԪȻҲĵĲӦ΢΢ִ㳢ţĺ󾱵ḧʾοϵҲԭ̽ҧĦշת˱
ⳡ׽ԭ⣬Ԫȴеͷһ΢ĴУһϸ۲ĵķӦ˵Ϊȵķ̣ȴֻϲĲˣ޲ʱԶͣһ̡
ƣ˶ɬԪ㽸̰Щдཻ桢ĭ΢ˮ
ⳡӶԼ˰յĹβŮ㡣ĺЩˣԪ㽲ɿĵȴְܵԿϸϸش
㡭ḡ
ޣҪ
ԪȴǻţֵЦȻ㼫ˣֵͷȥĵķ
ɺùԣף㡣
ޣǲǶ㲻ˡ
ͬ磬Խ˵ֻԽ٬٩ˣ˾
ʱͷȴȻЩ΢ĽŲ˾һ͵ĴԪ㽻ѳװµԼ
Ԫ͵ĻﻹʶȻʧأӦͷȷˣһźۼԱŲһЩ
˪Ҷ
һƿһôҵϣѾĹأתһ:СŨԸһ˵Щ˽Ҳ޿ɺǣֻǻδأעصĹҪ˼ġ
ӣūķԸѾȥҼСõˣֻٲ̫㣬ū澶ɡ
˪ҶźȻԼСЩɵĺΣ΢üͷȥԪ:ˣǳ˵ʲô˵ģ
ԪҲ̧ڵ壬:
㵹ǸڿģҷںС鶩֮£Ѿ̸ˣϸźŰɡ
԰գԪԽ˪ҶǰתؿһۣŪһ˲𷽲龳ò
˪ҶԪ뿪󣬰Űɵһǰӣδ˵ʲô¶Ҳͽҹȥƪ
磬ƺƵһ˼·ٽˮ·ˡûִ󴬣:ģ½ϸŴԺķǰ㾫ɣͷҲһӦȫ⴬еİȣڲﾹƽûʲô
ֻǰԪ㽱ţ˵ʲôͬĶЩʱ˪ҶҲߣǹйŮյĵҲñӣ˪Ҷȥš
Ԫʵ´һģۼ˪ҶѾ߲ô򷢣ֻЩͷֻͬ˵:
⻴֮ط羰ȷǺãʢֶǸԱ˷ˮԺЩ˼һ֮ǰŹٹ໤ÿǰѲӶ죬ϹģȻ˽¶HһѾ
Ĭָֻ̧Ԫ㽵ı裬֪ģ˵ٿҲ١
ȻԪʲôɫԵĵν֮ǰѾһּЩĹԱҲʾֻǰЩȥ̽ȴ˵⻴֮һؼң汲ԨԴ̸ڣڴΪߣȴδζ̲飬Ҳڣ޸ð
һΪĵͷߣֻ쵽ֵز
лҪ˵ҪϷĸ̥soloʮ꣬⻹ȡѵľŪģ

 50 

ؼһ, ҵģ˵ɫԣ竲, ةҵŮҳԵϷ
Ԫ̧ۿ, еǡĶһ٣ٿԪ㽵ʱԼҲ˼
ҵġ
ҵһ, ͳ, ҡ
ĵҲô⣬ھǾ, ǲؼҸöĸţҲôЩ竹ӣ, ײɣҲӲҶԲѷֻ޶ʧ
Ԫ߬Ĳ豭, ô˵ȴ߻ʵԶ, ؼһ֪ʲô·, ²ǵ, ̸ڵ, һСһЩ, ʱ̴á
ʵ˻, Ĵҹ۲ܹ黹Ƕ, ྯһЩ
ҲɵȻ֪ԪǺ⣬ų, áʡãĵġ
Ԫŷ˵ЩĹ߳˯ʱԪ㽲ǡ
½һµг̱ȹģʱ½·ʱˮ·ΪߵĹٵ·ϵҲ̫ƽ;վǾƷԱͨ뺣֪֮үҲǼ𾴾ĵġ
Ǳ߱·ԪΪģԹҰζΪڡһ򲻴ϲӵͣŮ㣬Ҳ˼ֺøС
գۼȥ࣬;һڵ˻ϡ֮ⷱء֮磬ʫ˵
ӷɾǣ `¶մ
ϣ˪ҶںͷʰŶ˵Ҫ´ҽһʲ
϶꣬һ⾳أʪǰϸܵı
Ǿд:һˮᰣ˼ҽӻܣǰֲġһж;Ǵһլ񾲣ǽߡСˮԿòݡ
ʱͿ˰ͣ£˪ҶѾߣԭȱõͳԪǵĴеԿЩѾڰˣֻ˴Ϳһͬȥةŵˡ
˵һ·ĵˣҲ˷ܣϣ֧𷽴ȥͷ˪ҶһҲ˳壬ǼڣѮͷˣƼӵĲءū˵ǧذġ

һмһ˲˪Ҷһ˽ȻֹҲ漴ͣˡ˶Լͬزһ£ԲĿȥ
ڶǰˣ쾪еԴͷ
һòŮӣֻңǰͷͳǰ
̧һŮӺͷ׷һȻƲ磬ɷģŻȴֲӣǶå
תһ룬Щˡ
ŮӿʲôѴϺͷǰˣҵԽԽ񻰱ǿŮǳ
ĵ͵͵˵⻰һض˪ҶԻССһ:
⡭طû𣿱ǾЩңҪĸŮӣҲǮưŹɽġ컯յġ
˪Ҷ漴ӵĻԼҲЩȻˡ
ү˵ĹȻû߻ʵԶĵطǹ̹ᣬЩͷ߻Ҳ
üĿһݣŵһɨ⣬ЩǵؿǸŮ
ҲĲ꣬һعţҲ֪ͷͳ˵ʲôЩȵĻͳйĴȣҲù˼ӡȹ˵ģĶ
ԪΪԽЩҲܴĿ󣬵ȷĲ²Ĳ࣬ԣͷ˵ģǰԪ㽶ģҪСĵģؼҵСӣҡ
ŮӦΣѵͷòӳ⻪ΪǱؼҸƵģŰ·أֿధ
Ԫǲ޵:ǰƽϷʱҲèר裻ɶŮⷽ棬δйʲô˵˼ƽܶŹҲǺЩģ޳֮ͽִ·ƽˡ
ۼǻľԽƽԪüĿţԱߵԵȹȥ֪ͳһ˵ӼлԼ棬˵̧֣Ůһѡ
δ䣬Ԫһ˲۽ԱһӰ߹ȥ
ɡ
Ԫ㽵͵;һ:һ鵭Įģ벻ȣԸְˣֻû뵽ǰǲ鷳ӣ
Ԫ룬༲ĺͷ
ֻһ˪ҶﲻæԸϡǰñģĻɴ˭޷ա
ʱǻŭعѾ˶ǰ档ͳһСүˣȻҲ²֮æĺԪǰнʿ״Ҳ׷סЯһ˲Щ
Щȴδ֣ͷǼ˵ӿԪǷ·ҪԼ߶ĺ£ȴһмͳ˶δſֻװΪֻļҸүУЩ˰ˣΪ塣
ͣһ
ߺˣǼСݳôδǣ
úܣһѣԪ㽲ϵãֻǼһҵĻǸֻƬŲ²ġ
˷ʣλǰͳֱӾӦҵʲôˣֲһ˷ʣϸ룬ǲ컯֮Ҫ
ͳ߹ŵĹﻹڴͷΪ׵īɫ̽ƽ۵СӣǱԪ㽻СЩòüϧȴüۼƻֺЩȵ鸡ɫסߣͬŻȴüĿʡԪγ˼ĶԱȡ
Цһǿ˿ϹŵĹ̧ȥͳԪ㽵ˣƣҪָǺ£
ưƺĿһС
磬ӦҲǼ񣬱ȴδֻǴģأʹ󷢴ȱǼֱ档ʶģϽӵĺ£ҪһԲˣߣ
ҴС¹˭⻴ةԲ˭֣ؼҵ鲼ȫ£˵ɵйҲ㸻һͷֺƿʲôĿɽվʲô׹ݣǰа塣
ԪֺֻЦ
ؼұ֪ģִδⲻþͻᾮ֮ĿǳԪʵû뵽ˣԷʲôҲ֪͸⻴Ĵϣִʴʡ
ʱһֱûжͺҲͷ죬ƿӿ
ͳƽڼ֮ˣ˿Ҳͽüͷţȿڿұ֪㣬ҵȴӾǡ
Цô
ЦŴͳĻ˳ԼҸͳѻ˵Ļᣬ־䣬ǿ:
Ҳ¸㣬ؼҵӣҡ
Ԫص˶֪࣬ϣ֮塣¶⣬Ҫؼҵ֣Ī˵ЩĸŸǽةˣҲҪ֡
лҪ˵ע:һʫԴΪ佭ϡ.
ڶʫԴΪˮ.ӽϡԪ.

 51 

ǴǵԾ̻ͨ, Ÿ˵Ļ
ȴͬ:߿ҲһҪǳͷֻ֮ۼͳرֲҳ֣֪˳, ǹ³֪, 
˿һ䣬ıڣؼңһ̼֮, ҲĿŵز, ˣ
ЦĪǱ⻴Ϲְߵة˻Ҫ磿
⻰֮µûж֮⣬ֻʰ, ǴһŮ˵һˣⲻþҪ߳ŭ, ʲô
ҲҶԱүа壿
԰ǰһﻹ:
Ŀʾ, òʲô춯صĳ˹ְɣ
ޱߵĶ⣬·һ˲ץöԷ޵ݵʹһ, ҹ, ҪȥƿĵĻ롣
Ļ, ˼̬мʶ, ȴͷһμôҪ, ҲͰ, ΨҶ𲻰Եκ˵¶ʵ
ʶ, ǰԪȴͻȻ̧ĵҵĸ첲һ󣬰ҵ͵͵ĳʹ
㣡
Ŀ, ֵԪ㽡Ԫȴһԣֻ֮ղŸЩ
ԵҲͰˣصŮԪ㽶з߿ȴʧʧͷϣζ̲ˡ
ۼֻȭ㶯֣Ԫֱȴ쳤ȥԱнʿеĳľ֣qianģ𣬡žһ죬ӧľ֣qiangĹֱֱҵĸ첲ϣٶȽұˡ
Ҳʱһ˲źȻ֣ǰԭΪЩνˣǸűġŴԪĹأͨ˼ңʸһ䱸ôЩģ⡭ѵֳ̼ͨΡ
ǰѾԾˣҵͷżвԤУζԪɻŭգ˵ʲô˼ǣүҪǵ
ŭ˿࣬һҪԪ㽵˺ı顣ͳһʽԣƾҪԸнʿ׼ӦԣԪȴְ̧סͳ죬̩ɽǰҲ治ɫ
ͷЩˣӲһˣһ޸֮竣һӦˡ
Ԫ㽵ͳ˵꣬ٶදгľ֣qiangľ֣qiangͷڵɨ΢ĻǡԪӭǰȥֻüƿ֮ǳľ֣qiangԪоһȴֱ֮עݾޱȵأ񵶽һ㣬һһʽϣ

һè֮˵֣һ˿м֮ҲޣδӦֻóľڿԼ˦ûüܣѾദѸݵشУ̾;ʹʹ
ԪǵǺӧľ֣qiangģʱҲֻľʹۼҽڽڰˣһֱӵڵϣľ֣qiangļͷֱָϸ۵Ĳס
һУĺֻһ˲:˷Ӧƽ޷졢ΪСүѾǱޱȵ̱ڵϣĿ¶֣һҲҶ
ǲ֪ĳľ֣qiangͷؼүĲӣ֮
Ī˵ˣĶסˡ
֮ǰһֱΪֻ֮õģҲƾ˼սһչ£ֻǺʱ赶ŪҲˣ
ǺͷһֱͺԵˣȻҲͨ龳ͼٿֶСӹĿ࿴Щ뵽ʱŮǰⲻֶݡ
ǰм״æǰŵò֪ˣȶ΢΢
Ԫеذѳľһ飬ֽǽʿתһο
ʷͻȻȴẦ£ܵʹ֪ôֻҪߣһܻȫġ
ĵĻǻ:պҪ޵ˣΪȣܰί
ҷŻŵûûˣӹֻعĵأһطվı顣
Ԫ㲻ͷˣͬݣͳѲóٽȥ⻴ϵةˣȻһжиᣬҾٲǻةҲûǵһ˰ˡ
ͳ״ȻԪ㽵ԸչȥԪ㽣
ӣűְѾ˴ƺȥة˴˹ְһǲƺӲĵġ
䣬Թͱһ˲ͱúǾʣЩ㶣ǻԼ˻
裬ɵƺζʲôζŻ׹ݣζȨٽݣҲ֪ȨԶǮ֮ϵĵ
ǸӣǷԼǸŮʲôݣʲôݣЩʲôݣҺȻЩ˼ȥ:ǰЩˣ¸ͷСղŸʲôһǰʧֿڳ˵ô󲻾Ļ
㣬ҵĶͷϾ߳ϸܵ亹
ɻӦ߾ʹͽŲ˽󴦿ȥǻة㡣
࿴ŵϧüۼ侫࣬˼ּթ֮⡣ԪǰĲݣҲ̾һǵòȻ֮
ſλڶǰУֱԽҵˣͳǰԶͣ£żæšϻ̳Ͽֱֵа״:
΢ӭ٣Ӻˡ
Ԫ㽲Ķֻ˵ͷͬóλã˲ض񡣴˴αɺͱһͬѲĻˣںȥӭǡ
ֻǵ£·ͻȻ֮ǰҲѾ֪﷢һУ뱾Ӻؼҹӵ°ӶеĽַһ˵ֻѰģҲƽӽ֮ߡ
һ֪¶ûô򵥵ȥﰵǴ£ڵ֮ȴƽҪ
ͷǫģǡӴԼǣڱְϽĵ¶ְѴ̣ӭ˵Ȼݣ̾ͽͽ׽ãɴþϢְȥݴѰ
㲻ǺڰͨԵһ˵ĵˮ©ϧϹ㣬ȴδã˵˻ǱŷأΪԼҿѡ
Ԫ㽴ʱˣ֪۳ͶǷۣҲҪѲһ·ſʼպҲеǻʰ̰֮
ԪҷŹҵˣǾһ䣬ľ֪Ȼ֪ԼѾûд󰭣Ǻ:ÿǵֻǸӣǻӹʲôģǴͷ㶼ǡ
ԽԪ㽣ȥλΪʶס˵Ĺ֪գ㲻ˣû˸ˡ
ᣬӯӯż˴Ǳߣ˷ţס˵ؿڣֻļһС¡
ɴŮǳˣδϸȥʵܺģټۿɼġӯӯֵһյķΣɴ»ʲôĺɫ
֪ԼɫģովһʣԼǴڷ˼ϣԼˡƲסԼ̽ͶԭĹϣϡ
ǸһģǾļҵС㣿Ҳʲô
أԲ²ţԼߵľһɨ⣬ӶǸվߵŮӡ
ȻĲδע⵽һУǹۼЩѣȰοȥԼϣٸҼѣ١
ԪһֱںͷֱĺǸŮӶתԼĳϡ
Ѿͺһף·ͳ˽Χ˴˿̷׷ɢŵǳ־Ѿȫɢҵ䣬ʶزۡ
ǻ͵ȥϵ龭ǰ֮ʣʱ򣬲ɾʹķֻһ˲ͿŵŮӡ
šŲۣⱲС㡢Ȳ֪ɣûôŮˡ
˼ɣ׽߽ࡣ
ȡĻ룬˲ȴķ٣ûĵ续עĿֻǼӣȴ׹գΪ˼ᡣ
һ˲Ҳע⵽Ŀ⣬ҲֻھʱӸµƳһۣ漴Ƿˡ
û壬ܵ

δʱ룬˵ǽݻƽڣԪ㽵κۣһΪΪӷϴҲý˼ѽԶļλúһ»ϵķ顣
ǸãݱĻأˣҲûдǡȥĵ
ͺԪ㽽²ߣֻǿĻϲ£㿪ӦˣȨһͻưˡ
ֻϯŮϯԪٲѰεĹˣ㴬ͷȥŮĴ
ͷ˪Ҷ˵СЩƣЩƵȥء
Ԫһˣ޶˺ƭĳ˼


 52 

ֻԥƬ, һС꣬վ̸ͬĸС, Ʋ˪Ҷ, ԹԳѰԪ㽡
ϯʲôģ󲻹ˣˣԪһ, ȥҹ, Ÿơ
֮ǰصػһȹ, }ɴƵģɫȻؾӳŻƺͲԵĺ, ɷǺÿ
վԪʱ˾, ɲŮòкͰ֣СЩΧںڷŵ, һʱ֮, , Ʈɫ̬Ļ
ԪﶼЦ, ʾĳ߽Щ, ̧־Ϊһ鴮ɴ
̫ÿˡ
ϸϸŪ, úܽ˵Ҳᣬᵫܷҡ
, ƲˣҷܰЩ
ϺǣǵصĶռ, ֿʼðͷˡĵ飬Ԫ̫ںǨһҲ޷
գ۲ĬϣԪǻţЦ
ľߣ̧ȥƾԪ㽣ıߴ࣬˿ģľ䣬ٲʹشȥֱԪĵ׽Ħ
ͣòŨ
͵͵˴ģĴǴֻС۾ʱˣСۼɡ
С۰˴ߣԭΪѾˣ븽ĽиãЩƸ߸߹ţϵķһ࣬ʽִ࣬඼
ǺԶԶػ֮ٹĵ촫ҲиɴᣡӰӰ´µŮ趯ӰƱյｻٲȻһƬƽʢ
ԪһյӵƸģΩΩФҲ֪ʲôʣԶһ㣬ǽϸûëֻܿǸưˡ
ͦϲڻﰮֵģ̵Ĺ򣬱ʽĻŪۻңٿֻδؾЩ
ԪȴĶ˵ʲôͷһĻƣԵϲҲ÷ͷһݶ
ҲӦҪԪԵĻãһԼԣСϰˡ
ҹɫŨνǴҲû˻עԪ㽺ĲŽУţͻĵȥǣĵ֡
İ˶࣬ǱŤŲˣĵأװµأסĵͲˡ
ʱߵһС̯ЩϡŹֵСЩھûģͣ²ӣפ㿴һ
иߣ״쵫йŹֵУʲôޣһСֵĲȱ
̯ǸˣһԼ̯λǰͣλŻĿˣ̾£ϽλĪǿʲôС˿óλϸơ
Ԫƫͷȥģۼ˳߿˹ȥ¶Щ죬Ͳźۼȥˡʱ̯ˣ̧ͷص:
鷳뿴ߡ
˲ʱͲͷǱĻˡǸ̯ȴԪ㽵Ļ˾ͺܰ䣬ܣ˵ǷޣҲɷˡ
۹ãϰǱһԶġ
̯ˬһЦһԲ۵ľóһɫģƴһһӾϡɫֻԭȵȱڣҲˡ
˵ɽһֱǽһֻɫһֻǺɫ񶼳һֻһֻţ໥ЭܷС
һԶһһ֮һġ
Ԫ㽱ЩûʲôȤģ̯˵ԺȻϵΣ⾫¿ɰ
ҲǣȥڵǶҲûʲô˹ͬӵеһԶʲôģͨõĶء
ϰ壬ôȫҪˡ
һȴϸϵĻأ˼ҪҪٿԵ뵽Ԫ㽾Ϊ̯仰͸˵óͷԣſھҪ
ǣֻ㿴˿ѣ㲻һϲֹĶˣͷûõģʲôõⶫ
̧סԪǮ֣͵䣬ΪԪ㽻ٿǿǣ˭һ²ĵȰ裬ֱͳǸ̯
ϰպãҪˡҷƤ˵ЩأʵǷϲߡ

үֳԴҩ˰ɣ
İԸţۿ̯ЦеذߺһݻصԪϣ˴һ߶ԽһűƵĿ
ԼҲˣ߰ڵǰһ𿴣
ɫ㣬ɫҡ
˵ţֵĵߺһȻղѾ˺ܶΣȻ²ɵĶûۿ
һˣˡ
һ䣬͵ĵȥһ㶣ͷֹʱźȻЩףΪʲôΪ̯仰Ͷִô:Ū˰죬Ǿ仰صɡ
̧ͷȥﱻӳĹһͷһᡣ
վֽӹֻɫߣŴһЦ
ҴԣҪǲÿҿɲҪ
˵ĲҪԪҪҲ֪˵⻰ֻΪ˶գŪã
ͦÿģ͵һĻؾЩͻأϸָоôĪгһ𣬷۱ôԪ㽾ԽԽϲġ
ÿģôǺÿġ
ֻ۾ΧĴһסˡԪ㽰ԼҲϣְִǣסĵģ˼ǰߡ
Լ˰ʱĹ⾰ѾĲˣĺԪ㽳ϵߣ˲ٵСʳƣЩŵƵˣΪΪԸԸβʧΪһ׮£
Ԫ㽡
ĵһ䣬ʱҲͣס˽ŲԪһ˲תͷִ׿ţ
ָ̧ʱǸȥãΪɼݶԽ⻨ƽںŷ
롪ȥǸ߷źӵưɣʱ磬㴬Ҳֻиɿ㿴ɺã
ǾúòһΣ⻨ƽڷźӵƵķףͼʺҲȥһ£˸ССź
ֻĻ䣬ԪѾִ䣬ʹһЩԭԱмͯЩײϡ
˶񣬸ֿڵ:
Ȼˡ
ҷʵһ·ôڸ˵ءΪ㿴ȴûǶǺӵ²ߡϬһͬȥǸӵ:ҪˣԸĻұһӣһ֮ڿá
Ԫ㽿ʲô飬ЦҲûСˡ˵ȷϲϲأһǲ֪ϣ
Ʊ˼򵥵ĵ˫ֺʮϵ£ĬԸȥŵƣǵƾͰȵƯںϣþͺΧԵĻһƬ
Ԫ㽲δŷųԼյơ
ֻԸղһֱŶֻˮģΪ˸ĵطܵ徻ЩרעأһֱճĿⶢԼİ˿
лҪ˵Ҳұ֤

 53 

ĿϵĴƬӵ, ûע⿴ԪѾ֪ʲôʱԽԽع, ŷԪ˫, £ڻˡ
ôʲôټõȥˡ
ô˵۾ȴЦ, Ҳò, Ԫ㽲Ųû˺, ֽ˽˫۵
ɣôõľɫôõĻ, Ÿӵƣ̫˷ˡ
Ԫܵ, ָĺԼ֪Ҫʹ, ֲô򵥾Ը, װɵ, һԪ㽻лӡ
߶źӵƵİ, ˷ŵ, ʲô, ҵ֪ˡ
Ԫ㽿ֹͷЩɫ, 㲻֪ô᲻֪һ·ңҸû׽, 㡭ô᲻֪
԰գЩίͰ͵ģŴһֻ˵СҰ
㲻׽𣿡
һ䣬֮⣬һ𶼲׽ô׽
Ԫ㽾͵⻰أ̴յĸЩժĵߣһΧ΢΢һѾЩˡ
ɣ㻹ǵϴ𡭡
⻰һǰ˻棬ϴεܣǻ
ԣһԲϣֱӰЩ뷨˵Щ뷨඼Щġ
ס
װ䵭һڻؾ԰ջ͵ȥԪ㽵ı飬ȻɫĿڴʧ㶡

һ¡
Ԫ㽾ԼΪˣһЩҲǿԵģ̫׽ˡֱӵĴǣ֣ǣ밡ĶҪˡ
ĿǸȻֻ֪װͬ飬ǻ᲻Ƶ
̶ͻҾֽڣ:ǲίˣȷΪܾĻѹȻһذɡġ
ǡ˵ˣһ¡
䣬Ԫ㽵Ȼˣװίװˣһ˲üЦͷȥĿԶ׼
ȴ񶼴ߣٵĸ߶ȣЩ˵һľײ΢ֻ;ͣ¡
ԪȴģôõĻᱻϣǻķӦ̧°ͣӡĶͷϡ
ëһֻΪڷȣ֪ԪôˣΣȴϲ
񡪡
ɵģǺ߲֪ʲô˼ҺȻ̻Ѥãڸ߿ϣӳ˺ӵһˡ
һʶ㣬Ԫһֱ§ţסΡ
ⲻһŨȻҵˡ

нУǲȱ¥ݣ䱻鷿ʹһٺ˳Ѱ֡
һвʹĿֻҪһʱĶֻʹԼΪʲôֻڸ̼֮ңܸЩһھǸ߹ٴԱôнܵĳ棿
ةˣֱ˵гͻһ£ֳ˵񾩳ʱֶؼҺĪ˵㣬ة඼ؼҡ
ϢظԺ󣬲ûüҷĹѪͷǺȰοֻ½һٰӲˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôǸǻ׹ݣƾʲôӵôƯŮվߣݸ߹˷
һӵԹڿƽ¥ͷʱֲɵðǰӹ֬׷ۺͰģŮӶԱһŭ˶㡣
ҲǨŭˣˤ˱յһӵĲ˵ͨͨ˳ȥƾƻûȼأڴڴȻۼƼˣ½һ΢ЩϤǳɫӰ
Ǵ޷ӵ׹ų׹յķǵģ
ǽİɣƷԱĵճŮ˵߲ʵĹŮݣȴҲŲȾա
ŮӺǸӵţѵʱ˵ģΪֻһ֮Եˣû뵽ô죬Ȼֿˡ
ֹǸǺĵӣһ˵أһιš
֪ģûг:Ǹйأ˵ĹŮҪ٣ͻɣǲС˴һһѲĿУ֪֪һС
ͷβǴΣ˻֮Ȼ̫壬ȴҲǴƼһġ
Ҳ֪Լʲôħϡ
ӦǵģԳָ߹ֶ棬Сǳ⣬һ߳жŮӼɫ裿
ȴ˺Ⱦƣվڴڴãưǰİֺ⣬ֻжǸ˿˿ƵļʣЩĪģƽͷһΪһŮ˰֮⡣
ֻǾһƳò˵Ľ̫󣬵ҲȷҲ
վߵӣˣֻ֮ͬ½вĻˡ
˼ˣͷ޵ԹۿǶԼȥ˺ߣԶԶӰˣŹϴǽƽ

ƽڴգݾֿʼꡣΪ񾩳¹һգ֪÷꼾һûûˣʱĹͷĺ涼ˮǴˡ
ʱƽ󣬸ûаֹͣĹ⾰
²ŭţſգҫɽǱΣòУ鮴ݡ
˺ԪΪѲʵЩһ±Ƕ飬ϱة֣÷꣬:ڵݳǻΪƸԺЩԱߵһЩСȴޱȡ
ֻʳѵЩҲͰˣԣĶֵأշ̮ٲά裬Ī˵Ҫסˡ
Ԫ㽺ΪæĽͷöڳͷܡ⻴СˣĿ˿ڷصȣǰ˸һ֣Ͳ©ɻ֮κ֮üޣ޴Ӳֻ뷨ȶȱڣǰҪ֮¡
ⳡһĴҹµĻ̻̣ϾʤŪˣ֮أν伢źҲš
Ҳ޴ӰãȺ˵ˮõ̰Ӷţ޴̰ͨʱɵģάֶãҪá
Ԫ㽳Ҫ
˶ʮˣСţʱȳǧıʣȻ֮ǰĸٰ㶣²Ҫ³ǰ棬˴ѲʵΪΪӵˣТҲֱԹҪ񶼽͵ˣǾһԼԿ켴ɡ
ʱգʱĿµľĿһУ俴Ŵʳʣҹ¡
ҹ׷˼÷ͣˣɢͷǳʪùţ˪Ҷȥ˰ӣ˺ȺõĹƣԼһҵģꇘ˷
Ƭʪģһ⻹ãô磬°ڵ£ոպá
ھﴦģĺʱСӣͷϷˣƵϧһֱûʲôȥԣѪ˷ġ
ֻ˵ԪæĽŲմأһ򵭣֪ػԸΪЩ鰮ϵ¶ȥԼһ±գ鷳ˡ
˴ɱƺ㵹ǳζľҺ¹ӳϸĹâϤСһڣ͵̾һ:̫̹ˡ
һֿأȴȻЩOO@@ġǽŲƬϣʹײ졣
̧ͷһԪ㽡
Ĳô֪¾Ͱĥģ¿Ϊͣưҹ˯ǰɢϢѰˡ
̧кһְֻԼµŲȥЩԪҲڳһɾλãɣүǧֱɡ
Ԫĵ⼸æĲˣЩʱûкúöİˣµ˿գⲻ͸Ͻˡ
Ҳһϲء
԰գϰȥ׽ĵ֡ͷʱ̣ҹʱϵûʲôãҲΪŮӣ庮
ôһ˫ô䲻䰡
Ԫʶ͹гֶȻҲ鲻
ͷҷźЩ¾ƣů͵ģԼ¶棬Щ硭
Ԫ۰ʼĸһϣŴһɽˮģԸΥ:۳Ͷһ·˵ԺƵʣ棬ġ
һ˫ҪһŮҵĴ࣬СذְӲԼȥů
һĵƾЩŤʵҲںȣ²˼£Ԫִ⣬ֻ÷
ԪҲϸĵطˣ΢΢ƣֱһסĵϸ磬ʹܰȿϣͺЩĽЩҲů͡
һˣԪ㽾ӳͷĸ˵ͷʱʱӦ䡣
ҹޱȾףżԶķ䴫ϸèУǼ硣
ɣҽշյúܣͬ˵㷳ĵģû˿ɽ˼ȥԸһΪ죬˵˵𣿡
ﻨû飬ΪԪ㽣ԣ󲻹һŮңﲻ˵˻ҲֳʲôЦ
˵ء
Ԫ㽶˶٣ûڣḧ˸ĵķңţ
ҲǱģ⼸ˮͣˣ̽ӿӱ˵ԭȶҹĵ̰ӱüˮλûǣҲͨš
δ䣬Ѿ΢΢ü
ȷǴ£ＸںˮݳҲûжлˮôˮô£ôй¶
˵һһ¡
ͬ˵ӣûʲôãֻһ֮:ɻǵã·ϣڻϽڴɽǮһģмһ޿ӣȴխޱȡ˼ţɲͨǶȥ                        
лҪ˵ע:1һ±Ƕδ˵⣬ԴڰٶСɽġϾ
2һǶιԴڷ͵ġ¥ǡ

 54 

һ, غķ̫̰ӣסȿڣ滷ɽõĵ̰ӡ
⻰˵о, Ԫ㽶, û뵽һŮң취ⷨͷһ뵽ģĪ, Īհǰ˺, İ취Ҳ˲ơ
̧ۿЩɻ:
ô, ӶǴɽԶģͨйˣֻҪڽõ̰, ţȥ, ˾ͺá
Ȼˣô᲻, 취, ֻԼ, Ȼû뵽
Ԫϣ, ඥϲ, Դġ
Ʋסĵϲ, ĵֽ˽
ⷨôģҾúֹǿ, ֱǾ
ķŻһֱΪⷨʵʩˣµΪԼƫ˼Ժһѡ
ЦЦ, µͷԪ㽻
ҾȥⷽǣȥѰǵɽĻйӦܳɹˡ
ɣʵҪл㣬лңϰôһæ
еܳˣҲûʲôֻǵʱ뵽ˣһ˵ˡ
ԪֵͷĵĶͷɣôıأ䵽ˡ
ĵڵһºˣԪ黰ſھʱⲻסһ÷ɿ죬Ҫĳһ

ظ鷿
׿һյĹˣ丸һֱһصؿüͷһԲ
òɵĲ豭һʲô벻ģ:ǰС˵үҪҪ˵˿յȣҲڡ
ǷŶ೤ʱˣɿʲôŵˣڲͷŽպǰǵԼ˵ȥǼŮ֧jiݣֶ˼µȫȵĺӣȥʡ
żͣҲΪˡһԭȶǸıĵŵģʮҲûʲôеǱóԴӶ֪ؼҺͷ̣ôЩҲû¹˭ˡ
ԼüͷһͷģҲ˿ţֻǼ˵С⣬ͲֵЩСӹ
һ˲̧ͷͷʹĲТ:ϥµӲֻ࣬ЩȥعˣСĻδʽڣŶڼꡣΪСͷ˾ͳȣٰݣʳô竲˼ȡĶ
ؼΣڼԺһŮγ£˲ŰСһ˹
ս֪Ϊ£
񲻻֪֮꣬ͣϣǷƴŵļҵС۹ľް㸸࣬񻢸Ȯӡ
Ҽͷءһǵģ֪֪ôܻ֪ʲôֱ˵ͺˡ
ЦͷƵأ¾Ѱִ֣Ӳʼ⣬ҲעǾƣ֪Ź֣
Ҫֱ˵ֱ˵ˣܲסŸ
ɫһ˲ˣƽ˰ķеĻοû²ޡ
ҲĶӣǲ˵Ǿͱ˵ʡҲʹ졭
⻰Щ󲻾˼ˣüͷɡְֱ̧֣ӵǰ
ֽᱡƮƮ䵽ҸǰĵϣﲻԸš
ỹŬѹŭͻңƽ͵غͶ顣
úÿ
ַ죬ҲĻ̻̣ھǰţ˵ˡΪôҲû뵽μҰҵµȨƣһƵǱԼ˺ġ
ѵڶ
һƵ⼸֣һ˲ͻˣææȥֻм䣬ͺبţة尲ͼı
ҲԾ͵˳һ˲øԣ˫ͫɴ󣬾ǲţ
尲Ǹ֮ӣ丸Чة࣬ôᡭ
ҾȻ˴䣬֮զࡣǰΣ֪ЫĳǸصģʱӶ˻˼ة˸ɽǾȻڶˣĳϦģһĹ֮ˣ𱨡жĥɱ¿
ȻƷ䣬ԭչظ÷ƷͨлԺʿġʵʶټ֮丸δ䣬ƸΣ˺侫
ƺ޹ة࣬Ҳ֪ةൽζ𣬾֮֡ЩһֱةߣةΣﲻ֪߬˶ةİѱǵ˵ةֻ׶༪٣Ҫؼ㡭
ؼЩةεĪ˵һط̼֣⻴ة㣬ժøɾ˵䲻ģͬة£໥ˡ
ֻؼһة˽бǮƣñȣ˲ܵμұӡ
ة൹̨޷ӹ˽٣һ׷鵽ؼͷϡ֪𲢷ǳ£ͼı
ʱûʲôةסؼңеֻĺ尲һѶˡ
竣ɵһ˲ˣ˿Ҳڿʼ¡һ뵽պܻᷢ¶û첻µزµİ촽
Ǹô졭ѵһ취ûˡ
̾һ
Ȩ۸ӣΪһ̼֮ܶҡ˵ģ˶˵ˣ˴ةѳɶֻ֣ʾ֤Ҷ˾Ǽ߻ʵԶģȥǰة಻ɣ
˵Ȼһ٣뵽ʲô̧ۿʱͶЩĹܣ
УǾԴС
ûة࣬Ǿһɽ
翴ţǰľѽճȭ˳Ÿ׵߿ţȻһ˲˼
˼ǣ˱ģ
ˡ֣ЩŤ⻰ȴһ˫أµĲպɲ͵ûλΪˡˡ
û뵽ƽʱŴؼʱ̻ϻۣһӾͲµ뷨
ûľܣȻة̨Ǿһɽλ롱һҲΪȨͬûͻֻҪؼҲͲţܶǸϾɱɣ
£һۣӶⷨӿУ漴ʣ˵˵ףؼôģƷ䣬ִȨգʲô˵ةȥڣܵ߿һۣǡ
ֹﻰ˼Ѿˣ´˼ƲɣٰʯͷԼϸѰ·
ԹȻĬһ˷ܿڵ
ӵһƣǰֱǾ裬˽¾׳
żȻ˵ԭھʱҲӵܣȴ֪ιϴʶͷ˶Ĺۡ
һЦƣ
֪ʱδƣةδĳةΪһలţ˶Ϊ๫ӻǿףȴᱻһӺݺѹ˷ͷ
Լ֪֮ة඼̤ڽŵʯɼ˼񶾣һ£ôܲޣ
˵ôȨƣԪ㽶ͷߵѲ֮Ȩ·ǰʯ
ҧгݵ˵꣬һ尲Ԫ㽵ģҲˣӵ˼ҪǸֻ֣Ҫܺһ尲𣬻尲֪ؼ֮
˵ͨˣΪһԣ֪ӣڹټݣز˵оǴĻ
лҪ˵̫Ǹ˴ң˸ڻ̵ļְϰĺ̫ˣ͡

 55 

ϴξ̹, ѵ֪˵ãˣִӺεֱ֣췽ҹ̷
ö, ⲻ֪Ҳ˼, ǰ·ӿֳǸŮӵӰʱü۾弸:
˵꣬Ӽͨ, Ѳɻû֪л, ԼΨһĵŮҼΣķ绪, ͬԪЩŮ֮飬˵һüޣ׼Ԫ㽶ԴŮ֮ʢ
û취һ, ѵһŮӣ
Եȷ˼ǣȴԾ, ֮ԣ֮ŮǺԪӰ, ǲ֣οŮ, Ƕ˻ΨһıŮ, ѲΪưոݣ
ҲΪ, ϸϸгıһһ, 
, Щ뵽ˣŵԪ, ˵ǲý߾ȹת˸Ŀ꣬ȻͲؼȥٳ֡Ī, ǶɽϵĺڷկΪãǶ֪ġ¶һ֪ģǲժʱַ죬ɱˣҲԹͨϰͷϰ
ٳ֮ŮѵԪ㽣
ʱܷ˺Ȼʹ˰ӣ˱˳ǻŹؼңƽǰ֮ˡ
絹ǽһؼ˽»ôһأǰҲ䣬Щ߹ģȻʱóˡ
öⷨӿ𣿡
˵ͷ˫ֽ鰸ʱѾ˼ֺһ޵ĺ
Ϊ֮ƣͶ·Ҳֻˣ²ɣӣһ԰ɡ
һıϿɣǰЩڻ¥֮Ƽʱĸӣ˿˿ƵðЩԵģݵͷ
в֪ﻹؼԯ޵뷨ΪҲΪģ뵽ɫ죬üëʱˣһŮӡ
ģȥŶڷկ˴¶
⸸Ϊһֺƣ䴫Ծ͵档ҹȻ𼱻ǵȥ˺ڷկһıٳġ

Ԫ㽸ĵĻó˶ȥˣӼڴ״ɽ̰
ⲻһæϾ˼ˣԪ㽻ϸ֮ǰ˼ֺõةһչһ˵һͬǰĿĵء
ͷЩ컹ãҲǰϹ䡢סӣǡǼֿʼϸ꣬ԸѾȥκͺɻʱҲʹ򷢹ȥˡ
һգˡţճѰǲʱ䣬ֲ֪ôǰȴǸֳԪ㽵һһһЦһԡ
ֻһ˲䣬ȻҲᷢĵؿʼ˼һˡ
ԼǺЩûˣǰǾ̫ճˣżﻹ᲻ţ񲻹ȥЩһղĽ龢ˡ
ԭʱõԧͼźۼ̾һȴǰҲ岻ȥˡ
δ㣬˿Ԫ㽡
ƦЦġɡ繵飬˭вָо
ֿ⣬ǻ֮е죬·үڰȫ롣
˪Ҷ
Ļһ˿ߵ˪ҶԸϽ߹ƿС㣬ҡ
ķվȥͨһµļλ磬˵Ҫȥ֮أ׼һ£Ժңһͬǰȥ
˪Ҷһ˵һģԾ˪Ҷ֪ԼС۵ȥǵطʲôū澵ģǵü˳۵ӦˣϽתȥ졣
ľױ̨ǰ滨ľǸŵĺúöıߣֱֱضá̧£Ҳ֪뵽ʲôǳǳЦˣüĿģ
˪ҶºյĹ򣬾ϱ˵˶ţҲ׺ˣֻĳȥ̳
Ҳûʲôֻǰȥة֪һžȥһ죬ȥȥͻء
˭ûע⵽ͷԲǽǹĲˡ
·гԼʱͶͬǰĸĴ
лϲۼɽҲÿҲÿʱʱغ˪Ҷ˵Ц֣ɿ֮ʣȴȻͣסˡ
ô
˪ҶҲ⣬ƿǰ鿴һͷȴԶشһ󼱴ٵЩʵķĦ
̾ЩԤУȻ˪ҶƿȻͷһԾ
ڿǵ֮ŮС㣿ҵ֮УСȥҺڷկȺȲ衭
˻٣Ҳ֪ͷ״һ˲ͽδҲʱ׼ֵļơ
ĺ˪Ҷһ˲:޷ǸɽҰͽܹٸƣ֪ĶϢжΪưˡ
⻰˵úûȤһŵŮԣȥʲôڷկﻹԣֱҪЩߺ·ƾǡ
˪Ҷָ̧ĵģʾȲҪ˪Ҷ̧Ӧ:
úϴˣǲʲô֮Ůֻɽˮ·˴ŵλʵڱǸԸ·ƣֻλͨС
˪Ҷ侲ʸڷ˿еġ֮ŮݣһЩͽҧţƶЩ˸ûС㣬Ҳթǡ
˪ҶⲢԸЩ˷ͻ˽ģҲ֪Ը鷳:ȻǮƽòǰ·;ңԶЩǳ˲ӣָֻʲôⷢ
ĵȷǺڷկͷгˣһֱؼ£ʱʱЩҽĹһĵͷߣ֣Ǻᡣ
ǰϢһʹ֪ؼҴүҪǹıؾ֮·Ȼȵˡ
ҲȷԣǽٲƽɫҪˣ㶯֣˵СȥȲ裬ֻȥկȲ衣
ϣһǵؼˣ˵Сүԭ:һҪƴСӣһëˣկҲҪΨʡ
ǵ죬Ҳ֪ҵӣСӻһֱԼݣ֪ԭȵļƻҪģĲУӲġ
СӣҳĳͷӵģȻ׼ȷ˵ţҲͲٸҵίˣǽΪƣΪˡҪʶأԾƣ򡪡ҿɲ֤᲻ʹʲôԵֶΣ
˵⻰ʵڿĺܣͷעĶ:ڳС㣬ۼǰЩͽڳȻѣֻһ£ⳡսһ
üĿһݣʶܲô򵥣ͷ˿ڿҪǮƣְȻǼɵģԪ㽡ϲŶã˵Թ
Թ
һȻ뵽һˡ
лҪ˵ȡӢ۾Ȼףһûݰһԣٺٺ

 56 

˵ָʹ, Ҳ޿ܰʲô¶ɲǵڽϱԪ, ﰵء
üƽϲûõ׷ؼ, ؼҲ֪Ҳˣͬ˽ٳֳҪԱļҾ죬ֱ졣
һ, ֪ͬ˶ѿҲû, ȻǵָΪġ
Ȼ㲻, ҲΨ潻սˣҺЩȻ˶, ǲҰç򣬲Щ͢ѵ, ҲԶ˵ʤ㡣
ĽŴ˫ؾȹ, ˪ҶҲЩ, ĵ񶼴ŵǡ
ʱļۼͽСеġ·ơ, ֪һֲɱˡ
һߵǳԱ, ų, »Сʾ, Զ֣ˡ
˵С֡
, ǻҲҪȫġ
ﻹھ岻, ϾǹŮӣӼͷ״ûлŵǲףʵǺµģνϲ԰ˡ
ͷڴϵĳڴ˴Σڵȵ벻ͻؼҷԸ°˱գСӰζͲ͵ýˡ
СӲԸҳĳ棿ȻˣҲҺڷկֵǲˡ
ˡϣ
ųһ£ԱߵҲ޷Ⱥˣȥ
ͷ⡱һæȥƿӣӷ϶⿴ͷѾһƬѷ֡
⽣Ӱգߵһսϧ̫٣·硣
С㣬ǳӰɣȻЩ˶סʱ򡭡
֪˵ʲô䵽ȺǶ˵³տ֪һֻҲʣ޼
΢üͷתͷȥʱ·
⸽ֻ̣µȲˣֻܳܣȻܣӶûˡ
ߡ
ĵϣ˪Ҷܣʱ·ŵġ
һֱϣֻЩȫȥٳСӣʡİ·ĸĹ£ٳʲô۶ӡ
һ֪ղҲ:⸽һڷկĵ̣ǼɽҰҲǹߺºڷկģѲǣͲһǧС㣬˲ɡ
ǰŻе⣬˼ؼһľ޶Ӷ𣬺žͿǸԭΪẦµһҶСӣȻɫ侲ȹ˶ûעʱˡ
Ǻɽ֣кЩͰľ˽ȥ˿ɲңҲȥġ
żˣҲ˲ݱش򶷣ǰƽĺ˪ҶʱżסַһѾקסġ

̫÷ֱˣҲ˵ף˹ɫǸǡɫֻ̰ƣСӵݣҲò̾һɫԹСү㲻ܲ˵أҲҪ
ıסʶҪ˪Ҷ͵͵ؾһϾǸˣţСôǶ֡
ſҡ㡭
˿һֻӻͳĵļ򣬾ͺݺݵסĿڱǡ
ʱۼ⿴ߵ״ӪģϧתĹ򣬾ͱڷկһƹУߵѾ߱סҲҩ̱ڵϡ
ҲֹͣˣĵĻ˵ˣɵһƬ˪Ҷˣһ
½һƬǽ塣
Сһһһĺ˪Ҷ·ŵϡ
лڵģͳͳѺɽկӻܴүһʹء
شЦ󣬷һֵǺƺƵɽկȥˡ

ظ
ȥ絹еغȲ趺ãͷһ󼱴ٵĽŲдµСһϲɫһŽ
үүڷկϢˡ
˵ţͰŵݹȥһѶˣȲزһĿʮС
³ɡ֣ϲüңתͷ磬ˣ
ȻçȥٳС㣬ֻҪǴϢԪ㽣ǰȥ˷˾ʱҾͲŻ˲
ֻҪŪӵˣʱȥģؼұס
ȻҲ֪ⲽ߶ˡ
Ȼϣ֪Ȩλ֮ءǰΪ°߹ϸҵŮ˼ΪŮԸƿϻ̳ϿֵͶǮƣǹ֮ǱΪ˽ˣ첻µزµģⲻ֪ѳǸƳȥĳͷ񡢵ơ
ʲôؼҿǺɣպ׷ҲҰˡ
һЦǴһֺ̣Ҳǣ֪°֮ŮģԪ㽵˹ȥ߽ʱض򶷣˵ӣҪ֮ܵؿ֪ǰؼҧҲа취ˮûȥ
˱縸ԽԽˣֻ̬ıǰ㷢չȥŸء
ȥԪ㽴Ŷة壬ɲš
ϢҲ٣ǺС㣬ȷ°ˣδءһϢ϶Ҫˡ
˵ͷҼ̾ŹŵСˣߵＸ䣬С˵ͷӦ£תͷá
⸸ӶһЦ·ѾԤϵ˳صķչˡ

ʱ򣬻ЩӦ˺һԼ°ɽկˡ
æͷȥģҲûʹġ
Ѻ˪ҶĵطǸ᷿ȻǲԶͷҲҿֻ˪Ҷֽţм仹һ޲Ƥ⡣
ԭҲȻԷ˪Ҷʱǰȫġ
᷿еĶһӦȫϻЩʳֻ˪ҶڻԣδһʱһʵǶãֻܹԹԭš
ֱڣǸ㲻ڷկλկ°Ρ˵ԪؼҽµĳޣҲٻˡ
ɷϣңҲδκˣڷկκ˶δı棬Ƽˮ궼޵ġ
Щͽͼʲô۾˼ãǲö֪
ʱ˪Ҷ룯ɵתˣۺȻһ£ֲĿģ侲
С㣬û¶ɡ
˪Ҷػһ䣬Щ䶯ţ
û¶ûˣôá
侲ִһܡŴֽܿӰζЩ˻ආأӳֻϼѡ
˪ҶҪн⿪ϵӣŬ˺һκֲڣְ˻ù˪Ҷڷˡ
С㣬ūûãѽ⣬ūҲȥ
ֻǰֻãܴչȥϵģֽŽԱ޷Ų֡                        
лҪ˵Сûгĵһ죬

 57 

̾һ, ˣ㣬ҲҲǷ˾ţ֮, Ҳûܽ⿪ӡ
Ȼ⻰ǿο˪Ҷ, һĻͷϲ£Ϊɽկկ°Ժδ², ȴҲ׼ǵʲô
֪֪, ĵġ
Ȼˣֻ뷨ˡ
תͷԶĸ߰, ˲ȣ¿һֱڸӶǶµ˪Ҷɵüͷ
Լһʱ, ۿͷ, ӵţڱ˴ƿ
Ǹò۵С, ʮ, ̽, ڵķˡ
ԺֱĹ, ķڿɰ, Ķ֪Ҳ˼ܵ, ᶼͶˡ
ѾģСﲻһԵʢ˷˿, ĸǰҪιҲԸ⿪
Ŵ, ִⲻԸ졣СеΪѣֵ˷Ըڲֵø˳Էġ
̽ſ˿ڣ֪ǺˣɽկģҲͬһ°ģ
µֻܶģһ°ɣһԷҲǸˣ˵Լһӳȥ
ϧǹȴǸβģǸưһ˵ʲôһҲˣ˼һɽկԼˣС°ģʱҲѾѱˣԭ÷ӣָвͨˡ
һƲɣĲ٣ֿʼԵı:װһҵģܾС͹һʳ
һŻʲô˼ǵҵİˣԺѲȥˣûһźʲô𣬻ھͶˡ
˪Ҷһͼˣ֪ԼСװΪԣ֮⡣
С㡭СôһЩүһ취ġ
˪ҶеشſǻȰοģ˵Ϸȫףûı˪Ҷ˳ˮһѡЩһ˵ͷСȻȫˣСɽկկ°ǧСһֱ㷲ģܾҪʲô¶ǰկҲЩǧСػض˳թ˽ЩŮȴԶûǰŮŻòޣŮӵѾ˵ʲôӣ͸ˡ
֮ǰڴþ͵ˣ˵ʲô°ǸСӾԲ˵ֺ֪ضвǳĴڷկֻƣɱ֮ġ˷һ˵Щмб֮⣬ﻹܵ
£կ׵ģᰲȻȥģֻҪһʱգҡ
С𿣬ᣬüۼмֽ֮⣬ʵҲִʲôҲԣͻˣų԰ο
һס֪Լ²İˣŲʮˣĿĿԶֹ￪ô򵥣
ͬΪŮӣҲΪˣ֪һֱԶ㶨ǲýģҲҵѴ˵ǲŵģֻկһ棬Ҫ׿ڳŻᱣȫȪҲպ衣
Ҫ֣СҲǹңû۶ȥϸè壬¾Ӧˣңȥ󵱼ҵĹԵȵȡ
԰תŲ٣Ŷ˹أǰ·۷һǹԶľ͵ػ˪Ҷ
˪ҶȻկˣҾ͸棬ҪȳȥһΪͼǮƣԸҵĿܲҾһ㣬һСѾĴ£ʮаˣΪ˱סģ
ʱӻݳǣȥԪ㽺ҵǣǺة˴˷ˣǵøʱްҵ𼱻ģͽĵ
˪Ҷʵû뵽ЩģŻˣΪĲء
áС㣬ū澶ġ
죬ٶඣ䣬ľȴѡһ߿˶͵תͷȥͼǳçޱȵվſڣɫ
СӲѰٻҪĳˣСʲôֱ˵ɡ
ǴˣϲһףҲĵʳǵֵͷˣˣκν֦飬Ų鲻Ըˣ뿴СҪô
ļ̾װһ޿ģµҵģ˵ҲҪסȴ񻹲֪ǵ˺˲д˺ʵ޷ʳµҵĸҸʹ죬ҪɱҪУ˭Ҫңֻ֪
üһΪҪصģȴֻ֪Ǻָʹǰˣǰ֪һµҲ޷ȵҵҪͻȥģǾȻ˵ˡ
⻰̽ȴ̣ĵҪ󲢲ǡ
Сʡʡɣկ֮ǰҳĳ˵ˣֻȺȲ裬ΪıҲףԼЩĳܰȻȥ
һ̬ȣ֪Լײǲ̽źͳ:
ȻΪıҵضΪˣˣβҵŮȥҲø֪ҵǳһȥ
һΪȻС뵽ֵЩȻҲ뵽ˣԻȥ֪ˡ
ļβֻ˦ɱﵳµ⻰˵ҲģǵҵӦһظǮңҲܷ򡭡
ֹɫв֮Ա
üͷҪҵִⲻأ
Цһ̳µҼЦˣʵڲҵ⣬СŮֻơ
ʵڲιʷҪ˿̰СѾŪȥҵ˼תǧأָΪ鲻Ϊȫһסúܣү˵ҪӪСӵˣùɽء
תһɣҲ޲ɣؼСүû˵ŮҲҪ˵ڷկһѾȥͨ籨ţȥ֪ͨСļء
˸صѾߣֶΪ
⣬Ҳ꣬ˬӦ:
СӺαذѻ˵ôȻֻҷǸŮԷ˾ǡ
ֻСôӦĳֻһΣ²ΪСĪҪһٶΪҵȡ
ĵôʹʹӦˣԭȻΪҪĥõġ
ɽկ˪Ҷȥţģм֣֡ҵĴ㡱Ȼ
ĪǳǮƣƵԵĶ
¡⡱һ£ͻȻ뵽Ǹ竴ؼˡ
ʮаˣź¶ѲĸϵҲɵԪ㽵ݲŲҺΪͼҲӦҪ֮
Ѳɽٳһ˻ӴԪ㽣նһ͵ĴϷʸڷϺй׷Ҳ϶ժøɾ
С֮ģʵվκ鶼ⲻʶ˼Ǽ֡
ؼûĵҲųؼΪˣ죬ΪԼֻ죬ŻᱻģƳ
ԼΪԽԽƫⲻ֪֮Ѿ˸߰˰ˡ
˪Ҷչ黹ͳ˺ڷկͽһˡ
ǰòؾһ˷˶˽
ûпܣԹԹԵسˡ

ڷկ￪Ľ̰Ӵ͸ɿʱ
̰Ѿɣֻйˣɴ󹦸ɡ
ԪڰϾʱϢȴѾüûյдˡ
ǰЩӣһ죬ͻһĻӱ޵ʱţʱֻȼһֱϸպãҹ˾ʱĽ˼ġ


 58 

˵, һ仰ƽĿŶûˡ
ԪȻⲻþҪġ
ĥҪҪ˻ȥƣҲý֪ɽ԰Щʱͷȴһӵûü, Ѿˡৡؼƿӵ
, ﻹһֽģԪۼؿͷ˼ӼĹٴ֪ôͷ⡱һ, Ȼӿ಻ԤС
, ¹мҪ飬ˡ¹çײ˽֮
Ԫæ, ֮ƣŬѹͷкҪ£뽲
԰ѾйĵݸԪ, ¶ֽ̿ƣة㴦, ˵ǵ·, ޳ɽ˸ȥ, ٱϵʱ, ľͳ˲, Ͷ˽Բ֪ȥ򡭡
ԪֻĿһ, Ǳ, ۡ
ô
Ԫڷ֮ӿ, ֪ͽһǶЩֱҲڡ
ȥ, ʲôίʲôԪ㽶롣
ԡ
Ԫһ䣬Զü˳۵æ߹Ԫ㽸ּ
ԸȥҪ̻ݣ˷ˣһҲܵˣȥ
ۼԼһüëģҲ֪СأȻŭѡϽӦ£ȴֱ:
Īš
ɽկַŻˣ˵Ҫʵļ˴ǰӪȡɽͷױд£ֻҪҪ𣬿ɱҶల£¹ٿǡ
ԪԻع֪ƽǿ׹ʹĴʯͷһʹ
ʱֵйĹؼʱ̣ٻղܳ鿪Ԫϵģֻһ̶Ȳˡ
ԼҲµ˴˻ΪΣ󲻹סȻٽȥӪŮһҪ¶ǲδֻʵڲܷġ
һӣֻǻͬǡ
ôǣôԪ㽽ϾǰȥʵղԪ㽿ڣæӦ
뽲
Ԫ񣬳⼸ǿ֮ĩôܿӱ޵ȥЩ׼ɽֻӻԲο˴Ҳȱͷ֮ˣܣҴǰȥӪȰɡ
һ٣Ųǿ˵ƽӵݺ֤бضȻذɣ򡪡л
ķľͺˣһԪ⻰˵ı˼һҲӦС
ˣͷһҪҶȻ
ҪߵлԪ㽸Ͻ˷
ģ˵
Ԫ㽿οһ䣬̧ʱѾ˼ִǰеĺݾ
Ԫûٵ飬̾Ͳ˱ʱ·أһͣظ·֮ʣֻ֮ǰһʱ䣬㵽ɽڵĺڷկ
Ԫһ·һˮȣ˵ЪϢֱ̣ƺɽ
ȴɽһϢ˪Ҷ

Ԫ㽷ǰԭСѾûˣѶǳĿģ
˪Ҷ
ԪֱһϣҪ˪ҶӳˣİɰǷҲ⸽
ۼֿȥ̱ڵϵ˪ҶЯˮչȥι˪Ҷ˵ˮԷŻ˻ϸӬؿ˿:
ʵ̫ˣүȾҼС㣬СɽկǸճµկòū澳ŶǰĶū澳һѣū澴ˤ˽ţŵȥҼСʱ
˪Ҷһǣһ޳ı飬ү˾ҼСɣÿһ֣ҼСĴΣһ֡
ԪɫԽ΢΢ҧԣ
ԷæӦһֻȵطס˪Ҷ
Ԫת׼ڴ֮ǰԷԸ˪ҶسˣȷϢԮ˵ӵŮϽķΧڳ¶ӪȲ˾һ㣬ģ
ǣūͻسǡ
֪ԪѾŭɶŸϽȥСûз˭ٸҵֻҪԲ˶ߡ
Ԫ㽲ٶԣǰۣѹ·ɳ̳Ļһȥ

ڷկ
Ļ֮ǰţڼغɤλ͹ĹϽԼϧֽŵɡ
Ϊ֮ǰĲ²⣬ԽĥţԾ
ﲻԴǵ˱ƣʵ밵ԪǣϾؼӼ߰ߣҽȴһֱؼδô룬ֱ¶й
ԭȻе£żȥ֪Ǽɵ׶ֺȻԪ㽺͵ǣԸΪжççײײظ
ʱмȺ˿ô죿
ĲԸԴУ鼸תֿʼ񷽲ͷŵĹ
ǹĻ䣬ľš֨ѽһˣСಽ߹һ:
ôˣǿ˶ˡ
ҡҡͷװЩӵı飬ǡҪͷ
İ̧ʾǹ⿪ҵʵںãСҲ֪⻰Ǽ٣еΪѡ
СΣΪûиĽ⿪Ǵ׽ĽϵȰοίţҲĪΪңҸ˽ţȥҲһġ
˵ţ潫ķ飬ࡣ
½һ£ʵկȵ˶կһСŮ΢ᣬ˹İ󡣹̣Լļ˵ϢܿͻǮˡ
ͷĻѾȥˣӶǹ˵ģһ˵ȶ񶼲ɽկ顣
һϾܵõկկʲڹ۶ɽկĿĸϣҲϡ
ôЩ֣ļ֮ǰɽկ벻Ŀˡ
ȻӿǵصģԪ㽺͵ĵǳ
СѾֹͣ߳ȥôЩʱֿ죬ԼѾʱˣͷе磬Ϸܲġ
Сһִ˵ȥé
ͷСｩã˵ʵڲ˼ţС޷կⶼЩϴµӣסկҲԶ󲿷ָկˡ
ֲģֻ˸һЭ:ޣͷţĻҪȥ
ӦˣĬĬǽҪʱ䣬üһ㹻ˡ
˵ǽԪǽ໹̵ءᣬ޲ʱ̶һϾʱͽǽû뵽ʱ
Ҫ·˫ҲˡԼǸСôҲû뵽ׯĹټǧ𣬾ȻߴʮߵΧǽ
лҪ˵ԲˣһǽĹټǧ

 59 

ɲɵ, µĸǧ𶼲ᣬƫĻᣬֱлɳˡ
éԺһ, ǽȥǿյ, ƣȰҪ
Ҳǹģé, ѹû, ˣС¸СҲ˳ˡ
Ĵδɱ, ˼ȹܡ߷ҲǽŵòУһ̶ҵ, ҲûͷӬƵģѺĵطԽԶԽá
կǸ˵һ, 弫ˡԼųȥˡ
һʱҲҲڣе, Щ², Ԫ㽺͵ʮаˣҪⲻ, ŸϹȥ, 㲻ܼʱֹ, Ҳ֪ͷ
ɽկȴʮ, ҵĺܣѾԶԶԼͷŻѰ, ȴûҵկӿڡ
֮£ֻ׼һ￴ƷԺ䣬˽ȥ, һЩţڵأҲζ̽顣
⼸⣬ı϶˺ЩϸһͨͨأҪ
нŲԶشס
ϿЩҰɣλǧСӣȵҵĻǶ꣬ͳԲ˶ߡ
ʲôһõֵܣڴ󵱼ǰ˵ϻģͨˣҵظͲΪСӲӪġ
ҿ˵ǧʲô߹ٵŮ϶ǰЩȥˣ󵱼ҲΪΪʲô
һԭǵĲ²⣬ڱһһ֤ʵ
Ȼֱ߱˵
Ǵ󵱼ҶԶͷؼСү˵ˣҪҶСӵˣֻǸնˣҲûϧǸ٣˽¾ȼ˲񣬹տˣıȵؼҸүһˣǺڷկҲֵء
˵ѾԽԽԶֱȫˡ
֪ѾԶŴӽСݶ¶ͷ͸͸
֮ǰȷңʱ򻹻Žؼһûͨ칷û뵽Ȼָʹġ
Ĺ˵ӣѾȥЩʱˣ˪Ҷͳȥʱ䣬İ˾ȱֻѾ׶༪١
ļ٣ƽĵȻ侲ʧһǺٱڷկץǲ֪Ԫ㽵һϰµġ
ʶţѰһĿĵɨԺȻע⵽űڸݶĵ
ǵӷ϶з΢΢Ĺۣһ˲䣬ǰһ
ʹһͣҲԸһɽ
ǰĵǰδеЩݡ
ֻؼҲ֣ܵ𻹲ȻҰԪ㽺͵ͷϡ΢΢ҧȻԼɱ⡣


Ԫס̧ʾıʿͣ¡
Ѿҹͣ²ԺɽĹ죬˳ȻжûС
Ϣ˵ˣһ٣ȴôɲġ
ͳ졣
ڡ
Ԫ΢̧°ͣĿȻʾǰ
һСˣȥǰ̽·κβ⣬תͷڷկˣ͸֪˵ģǮƽҲҪ
֮ǰѰɾȳﵨķͽ뿪֮ǰὫʰɾй֮ߡ

ͳ԰վתͷ˼Ļͬһȥ̽·ǰ㣬ȴ׷׿Զɽͷð˳⡣

үǡﵱǺڷկķ򡭡
ݡ
ͳ˵꣬Ԫ㽸ţѾͷһ˳ȥٶȼ죬֮˷ӦѾֻԶԶԪ㽵ıӰ
죬ϣ
ͳһ£Ҳ׷׽˭˲ʲôСĽˣǺڷկǧСɻأҪʲô⡭
Ԫ㽵ڷկ壬Ҳֻôһ̷֡ռƻկʮ￪⴦͵Ϲһ򾡣ҽ
ҵȣǵȲˣΪҪŻկСأһֵȴɤӣ߶µ˵ʲôկŻˡ
ŷӦͷһɲǣǻⶼֱˡѶչˣҲûܰĵˡһֱҵػæϻȥż̶ȲԪ㽵˰֡
𣬵Ȼķŵġ
ҲǸɣôǴưܵԺӲݺȼҶҷŵľͷյĹһˡ
ûɲأֻӦ䣬ҵܣ˾洦һ㣬ûͷӬҳڡ
ԽԽ˷կˣпʼƽЩƲסˣغڷկĶֶųʣ¸Ѿӡбɢʲôģܳʲô¶
ĻǶǸѺĹЩεģףͳһģҴǰӸˣΪıƲδҲ֮£ֻ˱ӦˣԵû˵
û뵽֮ܵ죬һ߻Ҫˣһ߻Ҫҳڡټһկӣַҹޣˤ˼ΣǱ֮ʣȻûܳɽկ
Ѿл˳ǽյĶصǸˣͷڴˮû취ȥҷʱ˽ţڸ޷Ųһ
ǵصĿֻһ˲ϯ
ѵעҪɥڴˣҪ
òӳȻҪԼַŵĻϣġ
ⱲӺòءĵػţһˣû޹أôֻһŮôܵ˰׷ͺڷ˵ʹ
˭˭Ⱦ
￪ʼǺ˵Ụ̃ķ˵ֿԸץȥҲԸɥˣȣȴžȻһƬûע⵽
ҲҪһĹȥҪزնˡ
ĻǷطǽվһһؼѵŲʱ޲ʹأȥĶô׵ģۿѾŵ󼸳ߵľΧ¶һ˲˿һѬ
Ԫ㽡
ĿûˣĻѾ𽥱ƽŴѵŬ
ȴٽżĵط֧صȥʶҲʼɢŬ۾һ˲ֻüһ˿˿޵أԪ㽵ԶƮ
ϧѾûһȣûʶ

ҡͳͳȥңΪƽأҲҪСҳ
Ԫ㽿ǰ̷桢ŰĿѵ˻ţͳһҲҵ飬ɢȥѰġ
Ԫ㽸ǿԼ侲һһԺӵؽȥңԼԼҵ̫ôߴ߳жÿҪ衣
лҪ˵ԲǸأΪְĻٰϽҪѧ׼æģԭqaq

 60 

ɡĶ
Ԫ㽺ҵطկӵÿԺ, Ѻڷկ˸׳졣
կӱԪ㽴ıʿΧסҲһһ׽ãɽկյش
ȻԪûҵ, Ӿ֮, һԺӣӴ󳨵Ժ￴ڵءһϢġ
һ˲Ԫ㽼絶ڲ, ʧسȥ, æ˱
ɡɣ
еػԷʼջ, δӦָ̽ı£ĻϢŨ̫, ʱȥˡȻ죬Ũ̹, ٲʩȣֻ׶༪١
Ԫ, , 令˿Ϸ, 
Ķ, źºʹ:
, , ˡ
һ仰ǧأԼûбΣ, ҲԼ٣Щ͡
˼ףԪĿ, ֱӣСػģŲص߳ҪճɷĶϱڲԫ
ͷѰҵڽʿΪûҵģѾ׷׻һƬͷһ׷׻ͷԪ㽶ˡ
ԪԴ˱ǵʵ׹ܿóǸŮӡ˷׷һֶʶصͷӡ
̻سǣڷկһ˵ȣ׽ãһ
Ԫ˵⻰ʱŭ˳֮ͽԭֻҵķԸ£Ϊ˳ģȴô׵ظ˵ľʹֱ˿̷֪
Ϊʱӡ
ֻ޵ѬģδǹҪٳֺģһ֮ŮһǵӡĸλȨأһһס
Ԫǵƣ̾뽫˾͵¶ûиŵһĻʹһ֮ޡ
Ԫаҧǿѹİ֮ɱŰ֮ġ
ӣȥΪѰһɣСƣֻ޷
Ԫ㽵ͷֽӵøЩ
ڷկĻգžϨ𣬺ʾʲô

ظ
鷿ҸӶǽͷöŵõϢ˵λŭ˷ˣɽկ׽կ˻سǣ̿Ļʹ
㣬˵Ǵٹˡ
ǿةƵŹӲǣǼةТ˶ٽƱͶ𣿡
ּɻô˵ͷԷɵĵҲǲԭžһܵõλ˵ıӣһƲɣȻŪɳ׾ıһҪؼҡ
˴뱲ӣʲôûةƵ֪Ƹһ£ȴֻؼҳٵĸ졣
׷üүأ̫ʦϣ˲Сӵ󰧺֪Ǵȥ
Ψˡ

Ļѹʱ۾ͿԪ㽣һһĵĵԼǽٺϲ֣Щᡣ
ԪϸģȺĺҩ˵޴ˣֻЩʱգüɣŷ
ҩȵģԪ㽵ĺ󣬷룬ϸϸظ졣һԵ˵ȻּɣδŮ֡
ıϾǹң˴α쳣ʵһֱһңȻرȳʯͷ£Щɿĸо
Ԫ㽡
Ԫ֪ίۼСۿߵʱ֣ˡ
ʱѾʶ뿪䣬һԺŵһȥġֻʣĺԪˡ
Ԫ㽰§ḧԺķ˿ʾοɹԣѾû¶ˣ¡
γһ㾪ʹ
ϣۺˣİͷЩƵͷˣԪֻŭա
̷Ŷ˵ǺڷկկѾˣĻָʹ֮ˣؼңѾǰȥ׽鰸ģҶΪֻع
Ԫ㽻УԪ㽵·Щ
Ԫ̾һָ̧ĵᣬɣؾԺǼɳװɣսߣκ۸㡣
Ԫ˵⻰ԭΪģΪǲʱȴ˶Ԫ㽾һģš

Ԫʮ꣬ͣЭͬƽԪˮйѲڼΪ˷ˣ׽Ļؼң˽ͨһѵ֤ݡؼɱҲһɳ乫⡣
ТմãԪ㽳Ϯ丸ƽ֮λʹͻŮģڴ¼顣
ͬʮ£ԪյؼҵйǣǰةεᳯйԱͼıһ¡ϸӶ˵Ϊة൳Ȼժ̲飬Ȼ尲εı֤ݣǣ㣬ԴɣûʵΡТҲŭμҰ̾һ㸲ҹεı֤ȷ䣬ɵ壬Ů졣ϴ乬Ůνͬ尲Լϣū
͢һѪϴԴ˷ƽ˾μҵҲ͸һ䡣
꿪ʱѾȫӵЩ¶߳ˣż޸Ԫ㽣ȻٺϼƸ尲¡
еһжڳԤķչ֮ϲδʮ꣬еʱȥҵ尲İѱȻһ򾡡
ǡԪǰĺ˪Ҷȥ˾ⷻҽʦ鵱յСΡԪ㽱˵һ·ּ̫ȥ˵ǻʵۼ١
ĴʱⳡΣ¶Ϊ
ȴ̣ⷻĺԷѾԪͷδޣڽء
̼һϲ⣬꺮ůһԼ´Լᣬŷֵ
һ¥ûĿĵʽ˪ҶȵطԼȥ¥ѡ¥ϸᣵ㣬ñŮӹ뷿Ҫ¡
¥ݹսǴ尲Ͷ˵ġ
˴䣬ǵ־ȥ˵ֵɵģҲˡӣҲСûټһֻʣİ
ῴиӣȴֶ¶ֻת뿪
ԷȻδԸ˼ķת尲Ѿǰסġ
㣬ò
˺һͬ־롣
ʺȻ
ֻҪȻĶĶã˳ġ
尲ɫһȴִǰһôͬ裬尲ûлԼˡ
޹ء
ش
ĪǳԴҩŻ˵ֲʱ˵ĻҲռ޸Ԫ㽣˵һ㣬ʥ״ͻԼʶ࣬ԶһЩĺá
˵⻰еض尲۾¶ʹ࣬װǻơ
лҪ˵ȮˣûСʹȥһqaqǱģСҪˣ

 61 

ֻҴĶ, ĪڲǡʱҺӴ飬Ҳȥȱϲơ
˵⻰һһ, ɱġ
尲ԼЩɬ, ѹһ㡣֪߻Ϸ֮ϷĵϷװĻ档
ǰϧ, 񼫡
Ӻɷ, ĪصĵԪǰ, ʲôʲôӲңӲ޵ߵСˡ
尲, ֺᣬҲȫȻ˵Ǵ, ǿʳȻ֮˷֮ǧ򲻸, ҵ, ϶һƬ, Ҫװһ֥ģƭˡ
޶ԼƭЩ⾰, Ȼ, ˭ҿЩǱԵĹͷʣ, ֻԼû翴
㵱治ԭңִҪ޸𣿡˼Թ
Ĳм, Ŀһԣ˼Ȼ, ûаԡ
尲ͻȻޱߵĶʼɺͶƿڣѾ˼ִ⡣ǰӻǾ˾֪竣ȥһǴ㻶ϲ𣬾Ͳպ¶ϰԣ㣿
һڣڰغ:
⻰˵Ҳ˻Ʒ䣬Ī֪䴫ŲȫŵĵԪǲݰҲС֮٣Ůλ˵ǰӮǿףѲһ¸ǿȦɵ㡣Ԫĺÿ󣬴˷˵ʲôҪͬԱȣˡֱԣȲһǰ㡣
⻰ڰ尲ϲڵĦƽɻĳλֶΣƫ֪ʹҺؽ˰̡
Ĳ尲ɫжѿֿڵ:
˿ÿĪҪҵĵʧķ緶
尲δŲ֣ĸһԼӸλණû˼ɵΪĺܡķ˪Ҷ֣˼
Щ̸̸ܷͬһ
尲ϳϿңȴֲġ
üͷ˵ˣͬѾ޻˵Щ
Ҫǹ֮Ů棬ֱ뿪䡰ᷳ
尲ӣҲգİ㣬ĵġ
԰꣬尲ģֻδ㣬ɰˡӦһΣ˺尲һԶԶģٲ֡
ľúЦ˵⻰ڸּۻۣŵвȵζŻ
ἫֺϡǰԹҲһĹ尲ȴû뵽ˣ߻仰˵ҸȼִΪ֮䣬һ˿ء
ȻִⲻÿҲ޻˵ȿڣҾװ׵ٶһο࣬ʲôɵĽڣùܣһ˵Ρ
㲻ߣãߡ
԰˪ҶһתͶӣ尲ؿ:
αطҪֵزδޣδȢʹҲڣ㵱ңһ仰Ը˵ˣ
˵Իķӡ
̧ţѾسקסĵ䡣ʶ˪ҶǴʧɫŴͥڵģľң
ȥģ¥ǰεµĶȫҵˣֻҪһ£ſ̾ͻס㣬ûҵ˭ҷȥ
ǲִ󣬻ίЩӦ尲ɡ尲ԵģҲֻ˵˵ѡ
֮£͸˿˿Ƶвȡ
תͷܣŷֶ¥֪ʱѾụ̂䷿Žգһ¥֣ȴ
͵̧尲ŷâ¶
ִΪ㣿˽ΪִˣԲãҲʧȣʥٶ࿴ҲѱĿ¶ԸŮ֮
лԼ֮ˣųͻָָ㣬˵о壻ֻҪԪҵףֺγΪ޲ȥˣʱ̫һץסѱڿֻ¹ְѱ
侲߼ܡͱ˵أ˵尲ƿԣһǻﻰؿȴ˵ͱ࣬ӡ
ǡҲֻѹˣ˵仰պɽˮ֪ܷټ
㻹ǲǵãʱҶӣЩǺ£ͳŵң˵ⱲӶ뿪ҡ
ţ˵£϶˼ֻЦ⡣
Ǿǧ֮⣬Ҳͬ˵˵Щ¶ѡ
ǰڻ֮գ֪ʱѾˣ˹ˣؼҡμңҶûзŹǣĥˡ
üͷԽɫԽ䣬Ŵ˴ڼڽһЦȻôΪңôƫƫŹԼأ
װ⣬ʵŪ鹡һԼʹܴģɲԼڿ˵Ϊң㲻֪޵ľβһͱԼҳ
尲ôˣ㻹û䣬˽񶾣ʲôƵϡ⸱ҿöġ
尲ɫһףҭð˵
Ĳپһƿ尲תߡԷ֮ԣȻδģȥ
ǧһ֮ʣٶȼذͷϵĽδӦʱ͵̧֣̽尲硣
΢ġڡһв壯Ѫ尲֮ôܵס¾ʶһü͵͵ʹһ
Ȼ˺ݾģһȥֵд
˲ʶȤͱҶҼȻҳ֣Ȼȫ֮Ӧ˾ȥ״ӣҷ㵽ס
˵⻰ʵﻹмģǻȥˣ尲ɵ鸮ƽ̻ʵ³ǰˡ
尲˿ڣѪָƻȻһ㣬ֻһ˫۾Ŀؿġ
Ŀܻ֧ѪķĿ¶׺:
ÿ
尲ߵƻȥȴһֹƼΪһؿ˿:
񣬲ɶС񡣡
㴫Щˣ˵ҵķԸǶ˰ɡ
ˡ
Ȼ⣬֪ҹΣòײε죬û˵ϼ仰˵СӻҴˣôͷأɵؽһƽʷþ۶գһµˣȻʧȫ㣬س˰֡
ȥɡ
ٽȥֻӲճûϵһʱ˴ͻôгһˣֻҪϵȨƣܴӱ
Ҫ֪ĲܻٸҼһ¡
վƵ尲ŹԺζûˣǸӳ䵱һ䱸뿪ⷻ
ۼ˶ԶˣԼӻضţǳ̾һˣϵˡ
尲ĿƲһۣѪѾʪۣʹĶľˡƿߣ£Ȼҩͺˡ
ԶƬ̧̣ͷԸ
֮£мǲҪȥ֣ͷŵģǹܺԼ졣˽ҲŹǡ
ǡūʡáü˳ۣ֪Сĵλ֮ء

û뵽ԼӶܳ¶ڰһ˪Ҷ²裬侲Щ
СĪū澿˵ǷħˣŻ˵ЩС㲻ͬһʶū澾;ӺܺãܺãС䡣
ô˵һǹһ˿ЦԪҲڣûɣѧ˵û
˪ҶһˡСˣūô˻¸ūⱲӶСһ˵ģС㾡ȡЦҡ
ľЦøЩʳָһ˪ҶĶͷѽģƸųʲôˡ
˪Ҷ˱죬תԵ¶СҪ飬Щϸûⷻ˽ֻСպȥһһƤӵˡ
˪ҶԼСòʣһŮⱲҪ¶˭ʮȫʮġⷻȫÿµˣԵĵӣվûⷻƳĶζ
񣬹ȥⷻǷ֮ˡ
ȴΪȻЩ֮ﱾûִ̫ڴ鵱յΣǴԪǶţþξ͵ˣЩ
˪Ҷ֣Ƶأްⲻǻû֮գȥԵҲһģ󲻹Щп޵
˪Ҷֻõͷǡ
û뵽Ͷ˹Ժ󣬾ߵ˵ƽһΣ˶꣬ͬķϼƵһΣҺӼ飬˽Ҳ
Ļһ˲ŶһϲɫػԼ˪ҶĻȸԾŻع
ͷһˣȥԺס
Ӧתˡ˪ҶЦñ࿪ģСģ·ū澾˵䡣ƣ⻹û޹ȥأѾζˣΣɾⷻҪӺݻĶ࣬ɿóӺ俴ϱˡ
⻰٣ԪлǰεģǰƸҲأֻŮҵľλأԪϸģЩş̌٣ǷӣŮǲеġ
ǰʱҴҼˣһججģδעЩ¶ȴϸϸظܵԪ㽴ģоۣȻ˼
ȥĸϵԺһ·ǻ飬ԭΪЩѾ㹻ϲȴЦݸһš
εֽҵģת㣬˵үصиģƣӶ䰮ϲǲҲزסˡ
лҪ˵ڡȹȮˣп˿ȥŶ

 62 

⣨һһ
˽С, ֡
û֡
м߾ֻһĸס
ĸޣȴ־, Լɳһķ踾Ȼ
ʱߵ, Ź²壬Ǽ˵Ǽͽıڵķӱ, ʵҲǸķˡ
̵, ǶʵܲסʱҿŷƮķѩ, ܺץ
ҲʱҿʼʱʱؿѪ˵з, ˡ
ǧѸ졣Щ, ˰гдҰܶ, ඼֮
ΪʲôҪϣ
ҿڽЦĸ, ʼ벻, ΪʲôҪĿ, Ϊʲôҡ
Щ, ڿż, ͵㻻һٶҲûϵĸܲס, ѾеԼһָֻô
꣬һ˼ҡǼҵֵ׳, ɷˡĸд͵ܳȥײ
˼аۼĸüͽ˼ңϴɾ󣬼裯֮¡֪ʱ򣬷һسǸ˼ҵĸס
Ƶڵϴ򣬺޻֮ڵĦѪʱҿŲԶĸףѪһǸζⱲӶˡ
ԭȺһҵĿѣֺԼҹ͵޷ȫ
Ŀ࣬Ȱǵ
ʮ꣬ɱǸˡ
ʯͷͷЩİĶѪһأҴδʹ
ҺѾˡѪľ˵״Ц֪֪ʹĴƮµ˺ۣҲں
Ҳ֪ԼҪٸͷ
룯
ʹ࣬ǽѡ
ĸ׹ˣҹһˡûһʮ塣
ǰСеĿѣ˺
ʱ֪úȥжáֻеӭĴ˵ŮǸ߸ϵС㣬ӵ֣
ġ
Ҽǵ죬ޱȵۣҽʲô֡
ȹƯƣòҲҿ߳ԼǱ޲ðͷ
û뵽һؼңһ鸮Ⱳӣδôÿ·δôֺĸۡȴ˵Ժļˡ
ˣ˵úü˯ţϵ˿µõһǽСү߰үأԴһشҡ
һУǽ͸ҵġ
Ҹм޷
ְԽŮ֮飬ҵݳվԸԳͬ˻Լײĵִһ֡
ҹڵϷģ˵زú
ǸʱûзħֻǸڽϥ³л尲źͷϵӣ°Ȱˡ
ԪڣҺͽȥ˴䣬Զ
ԭҵСС㿴ȴʧɫţú
ʱ֪ĸǰԶͨС檣ܳҵʱȴʳԵݣͨ飬Զŷˣһٺӵɽ
ĸҲ˷񲣬岻ҡ
ΪִҪϻĶӣЩҲԸ롢ѾõĲ䣬ٴβӿûҡ
Ȼ⣬ԶһһУԨˡ
ҪǸۣҴδ˿Ȩơ
֪Ҷ񶾣֪ЫҲںʲôֶΣֻҪﵽĿġֻϵȨƣ֮ϣҴǰܹģҪͳͳֻ
ִɱҵۣһһŽĻ飬ʬѪƵҪһС
ҴδǹĶ飬Ҳδǹ׿µԡֿʼıϺνĻԼȻȢš
ϣнúˡ
ȴûܵȵһ졣
ʱ񼲣ˣټһѾõİɱҪҵ
ʮ꣬ǹƷԱ䡣ةԼȻȡ֮ʵȨûٸҶһ˿˶ҪǸΣعһ䣬ˡ
ȴԲ齣ƽȥһš
֪Լʱ޶࣬ҽҲɫ޷еŵԣǰΪѰùޡ
Ԫ㽣֪֪ĽѾã֪Ժãݰʵͨ佣ȳκһҹӲοôÿ󡣽ò毺õˣˡԪ󿴽Ķ
ǷŻҺЩʱѪվ֮ʱְһ֮ˡ
һ
죬йԱȥμǳǰʢĻԼȴһϷӣһ̨¿Ϸ
ǳϷĽ͹ټС鰮ҿԣһ۲һϷݵ״ԪûйصĹһĽ֡
͵ϷӼңһϻ̳ϿֵعԵССشף˵
ˣôˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˷ǣһڲ
ԲԲá
Žްŵجģ;ƿݵǿ֮ĩұΪܼ޸Ԫ㽰һȴŪˣҶȥ
ڵأԪʱδܵüһ棬ԴҶϣһϢ
£߾ƽԪսɳϢֻһ˿Ľ
ˣȥȴԣ޶ʱտԹ
Ԫʮ꣬Ҷʮ죬ϷأĺϼУԸסЩĸۡɥ֮
ɿϣȻЩ˺ܶ¡
лܼסģܾԶܾԶ£ȫһһˡ
֪Ҵ޽ˡ
һӣͼ٣Ҳõˣ첻ȣࡣ
Ӧ
ʱЩѣͽĳʱ鸮ӣⱲֵĹ⾰ʱ֪ϧֻ֪׷ѰЩ翵Ȩơ
Ҫˣʲôأ
Һֿʼᣬʶġ
Ⱳֹһᡣĸױʱ򣬽һȥʱ򣬻ģǲˡ
ΪʲôޣҲ֪
ΪϾҪˣԸδˡ
ҳһټһ棬ȥڵСӣĸλ岦¶ɫ
Ҿ֪ˡ
ʱ飬֪ΪһΡȻף
սΪ֪µĴۣһ޷Աԭ¡
Ҵۣȥֻӡ̼ǵԪ꣬ĵһ鸮С鷿һ죬ϲҡ׹ҷš˼飬˵ȡһ֡
ӣƽϲ֣ͽ尲ɡ
ЦһˣԶʻشҵļ
·ϵţŵ˵ᱳҡ
ʱֻѰ
վرۣͷȥһ
䣬ѣžડ
Ϣģˡ
ฮһ˲ͣͣԶԶأƳĿ
ӣƽϲ֣չһա
лҪ˵bgmڣٿĳߵԸǰ尲⣬ˡ

 63 

жȫ, ĵķѾ֧ױϻҲһӦƽЩ
ĿԺӵĺ, оһ
ϱججļ, ǰϴ棬עЩټһ, һ, ľȴһ
ų׺ʲô⾰أС⴫Щ, תȥϣһׯ, Ѿߵ֣ϲɫ˽

Ļϲȥӭ, ºڼ, СĪ, ǰЩ˳纮, С, ¹С㲡ں, СƽĻ, æˡ
֪۰ǰЩʱϵķ纮, ȥԾˡҲ֪´ĺ, ǶϲὫ֮ġ
˵ﻰŮϲ˹ģֻ񴺺δӲˬǲۣʲô¶Ѿһ˾Ǿˡ
ЦҡҡͷСĻºҪôһףضءС㲻صУȻǺȫˡ
ĵ˵ͷԸ˪ҶȥЩСղ˺ĸ⣬ζϲģЩ衣
ǣūȥ
СѾ߳ȥˣֻʣϡߵѾߺˡϴһŮһģĽޣ֪ĸϲһǰ
ۼϿƲסԼۿ΢ˣϽȥȴϳѾʹ˸ɫСѾæǰһµľŵ֮ĸ߰ϡ
Ůޣĸ׵ģҪ޵ġ˵˵ԪûС檸ŮױĹأҲ֪С㲻ȱ˵󲻾ĻϾСŮģԡ
˵ţ֣ƿľ䣬
أֻһСС⣬СĪҪʱʱԣպȥĪҪͺá
˵˵ţѾЩʣȻǸж֣æָ̧ȥᡣ
Ͳÿ֪ľܵĽΣԼлˡƽﴩأżΣ궼ġǵʹͣҲûôԼˡ
û뵽ϾЩ
лҵ۰⣬Ů죬Ů֪ڸĹ¿࣬ʵ޷˴񡣡
֣ľһ
ŮҲŮжҪҲҪЩδԼŮһȨļױˡԺճԣ۳衣
᲻֪Ϊ˼ȫⱲ޶ŮҵС㳣ԣ¼šҪˣҲֲᡣ
ĵּᣬĸŮ˵͵͵˵Щ强˪ҶͰ˲

ʱ÷ɿ죬գۼ䣬͵ĳ޵ǰһ졣
ŪСԺĵظ£һƬϲ͡
಻ضãټĸۡԡһƬ֮Уæµޱȵļͣ³һ˿Ĵ鿴š
İã㡣ཫԲҹɡ⣬Ϊϧ˽̬ٹԸ˫Ϧڷ֣ѧ˴ע:ʫԭһƪʫ
Ըǧ£ȡ껶ᣬӦ쳤ϲլͥ
ϼкᦣͷĪԧ죬ĪϲȵǶӶร鳤õ֮
ԪԡϣһƽľƲסĻϲ˵ĻŭҲΪ˷ܵѾĿðͣˡ
ǰ㣬óɺģÿһﶼʱϾҪȢİɹˡ
ⱲΨһŮӣΪһĽᷢӡ
룬ͼ˯žˡ
˼ʱĹ⾰ͺŷ죬ĿһнԳ棬Ȼϲʤ
ֲֻԾЩõĶԪ㽵ɫ˷Ҳ˼֡
һжܳ棬պ󡭡
Ԫ㽲ȥˡ
ǰֹ½ģȴ׮׮Ӧ飬ɲ⡣
ʱű˴ƿᣣӰҾ:
үЩЪŰɣջҪĴ֮գϲɳһġԣеȻҲ֪׮¶Լү˵жҪһ˿ҲЦá
ԪӦˣԹ˳ȥϨ˵ƣȴþ޷ۡ
շת༸ҹʵܲס⣬Ʋ˺˼룬Եسʶ
Ҳȣ½ʣʹѶΡߵʱٴơ
үշԸūţЩ𡭡
Ԫһ˲;ˣ´

ְʲô²ⶼԺˣһ˼ֻϿӭȢİɽš
һæţϲ̵˫źĺɫϲϲ棬Ľڡ
һߣ鸮ŪС
Ķ滨ľױ̨ǰͭӳǰ˶
ֻɫϲۣġһ˿޵ķ׹һ̾µϼŷ˵ıϼ֯ģϲۺϼβڿϵء
޵ʹţ黨¡صز壯ͷ䣻ģǺׯϵķڣǰͷװ֧ʷе飻һһҷ
֮زز仪֬ģױޡ
˪ҶϸϸΪü촽΢ţ۲٣ƽ֮ɫ
϶վִᣬһȰΪ޵Ůᷢ
һᵽβ׷ü
أ񾡱롣
˵˵ţֲۿ
ýģЩѾһһͬŮ˵ףʱȻ㲻ᡣ
׻˵޳ȥŮóȥˮպȥƽ֪µزǿ˼ңϥֻһŮⴥ顣
Ĵͭ￴ȥϵģʾο:ױѹŮˣҲ᳣ظġ
һԵ˪ҶҲæǻС˵Ķԣǧ˻Ǵϲӣ˸ø߸˵ģպū޵ҲչСģ˴ɷġ
ϵͷֲ̧۽ǵᣬתͷȡѾϷŵĸСʳССһݣҲȫƽϲġ
֮ӣеءŹأӲŵģЩζĸ伢٣´οɾ鷿͹үĺᣨjinˡ
԰գģʾԳЩ
Ĺ˳ӹЩʳԺ˳Сʳ
ʱѾߴҴҽһϲ⣬С㣬ˣʱ쵽ˣͷӭ׵ĶϾ͵С׼׵
ȻͷѾԼԼЩŵĹôν졣
ٺѾ߾æյĺͷִḲͷϡ
Ѫĸͷ£סĵߣסǰĸס
޷ֻ˪Ҷţ߳šϲβҷţɨͬϲ̵غ̺
лҪ˵ʫԴ:ˮͷ Ȣ:.

 64 

İϲǰ, һߡ
ӣͷǸѰͯǼͥòĺ, ΪͯŮں, ū֪һĪ¾ǣһӦ, ѾȫŸҵˡ
ϲº, ͵͵ģ漴ͷ, ӦԼ֪ˡ
˴һյĹԺһָ߿һϲ, ӭ𣡡
ߵϲ漴ǣǰ, ӣʱѵ, ̨ס
ʱѾͷֺ, ֡
û, ˪ҶһЦ, С, үմ˴ϲ, ǰͷء
һǺԪ㽴Ǻģ, ϧͷʵһֶͷ
Ҳǰ, ʲôɫǼÿġ
ıͽǾеĸŴңŮ캢ͯ˶ǰͷ¼ҲЩ˽һ֮⡣
ͯŮɲŮò
ԶԶԣһԣҴǰǼ֮Ůģʵ˹ɫּƽүŵ԰
õԵȷټ
ԱĻԺֲԾֳԪ㽵òƽӵ࣬˵黰ģ
ֻһ˲ĵͺ˸ףֻͷͨͨŻƽģҲѣС¹ײһ㡣
ԭ޸Լϲõˣ顣
ʱϲ:
Уͬ¼һݱ˫ס
ϲ˵˫ףȻֵĵĵˡ˪Ҷģ̤żܸܵվ˸ˣʱһ͸죬ǵϲ
ɣȢˡ
÷ˣ޺
ʱֿǰһɫ棬֪ǰݱʲȻϲֵѣ
ӣùˣݹүͷˣϲˡ
ʱ֪˫״˿̸ǰ㹧ع£ߵװݱ
æȥŮǺۿ
ҶȥһޣҪúöͬӺͺྴ
һԵԪæϣϷģԼһúôģݱŸһ䡣
ϲߺ:ݱɣϲΡ
ͷӭ׶ƺƵųɳķҲ٣˿мӭ·ԵСѾΧˮйͨ
ϲμɣϾƽӭף֪ϲζǶ˲Ľ飬գʵɷˡ
ѾʱֻϽ漴򣬳ƽķ
ǰѾ鸮ϲǮ·׷׸ӭ׶ͷףúϡӡĻĶĲ
ǰм䣬һϮۼɶϣŽ˿ɾɫǷٶΧ˷׷Σⳡǰʢ治ѡ
ϲļƿͷ͸͸ȴڽԵ˪ҶֹСأϲ֮գչأͷֻйүƵġ
٣СѾߣû޹ȥأѾѱүеô˳ˣ
ĵҲǷҪƿͷɣ˪ҶȰ䣬Ҳ֪˪ҶΪã찲ֵַضˡ
ϲȵżҡΣҲڵĵزģ˪Ҷ˵Щ뷿˽˵˵ţ֪ô˵˶ҹ
ƻŮ˫˫죬֪أһԡ
СС㣬֪ô¶𣿷첻ǡǸһᴺͼ
û˵꣬˪Ҷ˵ȥˣѾ͵͵ǱӣõѪ
⡭飬պˣȻ֪ˣҡô˵ס
ӣȥˡʱϲҲͣˣ˪Ҷʾ⣬ϸأС㣬Ѿˡ
СѾ͵͵ƿӵķһǣϲ￴ȥԼС㰲ȵģֻǷϵ˫ֽһǽżˡ
ϲϲǰ㣬ϲ˪ҶǰӴϲϾˡ
ļǵϵУԸ˪Ҷϲ͡
Ȼ߿ٶȱ֮졣ĵͷȥһ˫ɫϲѥߵǰ֣֪ǰ˾Ԫ㽣İ
䣬һӸʱѵ󿪸ţӭ븮
£вϲǮһӵϣϲҳ̶ٴαһߣ
ϲģ߽ƽԱ߾үλ˸ִһͷ񣬷Ŀϲ졣
ּɫ棬ֻǱģĵҪЩֻߣԼƽ򸾶ˣ¼֮
ŷŸߺ˾ٶȿǻ˰񡪡
ϲæĿӵתǰ
һء
ݸá
úúãǼõġ
Լƽ˶ϱİ񣬸æ
һ㣬ֻ˾һ޶԰ݡ
Ĳȥףͷᴥ谭̱Ԫ㽵ЦŲƵĻ
ɣ
붴
ͷ𣬹ܶĶðϸĳȡ֡
Ԫ㽣վˡ

Է
֮鷿򰲾̫ࡣȥ˪Ҷĺš
ͷƣ׹ͷƤۡ˪ҶԼС㣬վ԰ŷڣһ󴷴Ļƣ
С̣ȹүǰӦ˱ͣһˣʱСͿժЩˡ
Ԫ㽻ãһĵľ͡˼ԺĶ򣬾͸ǻ
˪Ҷҡ
˵ţͷȻһͶһľűƿ졣
ȻԪԴ:ߣӺͰɵĶǲʲôȥǰԺԾȥӷˣܿġ
ͷĻԼԼˣԪ㽰ԵˣȻҲִܻⲻԸֶʡ¶ˣǹЦ⣬óԪǸＱģ
˪ҶҲЦ:С㣬үѾˣԺᣣ˵Ĵū澾Ͳ߶ţȳȥˡСȻˣкԸū澾ǡ
ãȥɡӦת˲ֻʣԪ㽡
ԶĽŲѥ̤ڵϵᣬȴһʹɵһ¿ˮ
Ԫࡣ
Ҳнţδ
á
ɡգ
һϲúɣȥˡ
ĺһͣػս˵ĵͳɤߣ
ȻƽҲ㴩ż£޸ҵ
ҿԡƿͷҵ𣿡
ļСаֲʡЩ΢ľζ˵⻰ֻĿһͿ
ȻȻԡ
Ԫһ˲ϲЦտæֹȥ޳ָסͷԵƿ
ϼױ
Ԫصһţһ۶գ
ļһֱͷһ㣬ֹסЦһЦԪŻع˸ĳ
ɡ顣
㡭ܻһ𣿡
ЩħƺִѾóףʱʱ
ԪڴţЩ˼촽:

ԪĶˣֻ˿̾ҪȥҲ޺
úȽˡĿȥԪǸ̬ڿѡ
ԪһЦϽǣӵ֣ϲǰԲԡ
Ѿ˽ȻҲǶǰĽˡ
лҪ˵ǸңǸ

 65 

ݹ, ֺ˽ƣǾ˳ķˡ
ԪǻͷȻƵ˷ټϺ˵, , ĵ񶼿ʼ
Ԫ㽷ľƱ˫ִĵģǰ, ϼȾ˼ֺϼ, ߴӣҲ, ҿ
Ԫĳ崣ֻڿģͬյׯ, Ŵɫ˼ɫ
Ԫȥĵ, һ˺ܾˡǰٴ飬ҹλ֮ʱ, ĳ, 顣
ʱԪ, δԼȢĵ, γ, ǰòƷ, ҲڿԹȥ
Ԫȥͷĵ, 漴ͣ£أĵĴ
ɡ, ߲ȣʲô
ȻĴϣëһ㣬ĵı۽ޣٵͷӡһǡ
ѾֻۣЩţ˫ֽؾסϲȹڡ
ɡҺð㡭㱧ң㱧ҡ
ԪʱΪԭǷ˼֮ɫ鶯겻֪ģһ˲ȡõġ
̧ӵ뻳ԺԪڰĵĲأ:
ɣҪģҪҪǸ
ֺԪ㽿ӵɫֻ˫ּеƶһͷһȴҲ·֪ν
»ǰҹƽʵǸԪһͼģ˼ҳ漴ߵĲУԽԽ⣬ܵĲУֻͼȥˮ裬ʱƽϢ
˵ͣʵͨµģĸҲ˺üͨѾߣȴӲˡƳĸԸˣǵ˵˲ġ
ǰӶģҲԺõԸء
Ԫ㽲֪ôȥֻ͵ȥģ
һյĹնżԪ㽵΢Ԫ㽣ȻҲţ԰ΡҰҰɣֻ׶ѣ˷Ź
ڣԪʵ̲סֵʱϸϸشϢţƿԪ㽰벽
ӡӷ
ԪתＱקӵȻӵסģ˫˫ڴϣֻһԵĽԽȼԽҡ
ԧůһ컡
ʶѣûп

ฮԷ
ҹЩˣԷһ壬Ҳ⡣ë磬Լϡ
ˣٺȵɣҾū֪ѹһЩǰ£ѾȥҪ˱㶼˰ɡ
ˣ
Ҫôͺˡ
尲ֻôһ䣬Զԣֻðһԣһһأƾơ
СƽӴ飬ͷ˼ҶȥˣֻӣҲûȥҲδ
ֻһֱģһʽүһһλ
жٲףƣˡҪһжˣƫ֮һ֣ôԲ
û鰮Ҳ֪鰮˶ʹ࣬˼ţȻӵΪȨѡС㣬ȻҲͲҪٶŹ˴ˡ
ΪŹףƤһһϣ˵ҪôףôôԹŮ
ſȰ尲ȴڰ֣Īٶԣ֪˵ʲô㲻Ȱ˼ȥѳϵｫ˵ѰҪ̡
ͷӦ£º˳ţٶȻָš
ֻ尲ﵹƵĻˮžˮģĵӰܶ¡
֪ǶζǰµֻһʼգһֱȰеĵϧܹǲġ
ô꣬뿪ʱ룬õʲôһܹУȨգȴ˶޷޸ˡ
ûôס
£û󲻵õĶ

˿ʼûûӡ
ȻܰԪ㽿ŻİɾһϣӣʳƵģĿҪû˰
붴գΪ̫ۣȥʱ˺Ԫ㽾ͱѧơ
СƵģԪȴĳպȻƽȥʱԪ㽳Ÿ
Ĺػ䣬Ԫǣӵȥվ߿ࡣ
Ҹʵ۵ӣվʹλϮ֪ھǻƵصɢˣ˴οҼȢޣͷλңԼңȥء
ĸ˸˵ķü˳ϮλǺ£᲻Ըأ
ԪԽӵøЩ͵ǲԸֻϮҪүΣǰջƽϱ߾֮صţҪ˶ãϾҪһʥּǲȥƽҡ
ɣͬ»鲻ãҪԶȥĪ˵ʮ£һղҶ˻ˡ
ȻҲ⡣ǰʱҲͷʹȥɳ޾ġ
ӧƽ٣Ƿڵġﷳƣһֱڸţ㿭ط֮ʱĺԪ䣬ԷһЩֻǹģЩʧЦ
ȻǴζԻ£ʥּ͵һԪ㽳ϮƽλģһȥƽϷƽϢսҵġ
ҴҵؾˣϯڶգԪ㽾ҪǰƽϷˡ
ǰһԪ˸į̄֡
˼룬ʲôĶܴսңǲСĶ˿Ҫҡийص룬īմƤҲǲϴģд֣Ȳᶪĵطý㡣
⡭
ʵԪЩǧٹֵ뷨ôô
ֲԪ㽵ĿֻܺԪԼ˽ۣϰŴƵġḲȥ֧ţһֲֻΡΡ֡
ԪҪ󣬡дһЩ״ǵдֹֹԪ㽵֣ĺ棬д֮Ͼ̡
ǳʱڳĺĺ
˼̧ȥԪ㽡
˼һأģɡٶдд㰮ңɲɡ
ĳĬˡ
ɲɰԪһӦҪãǰ͵ļơ
ΣֻӦ£ֶԪ㽺ſʼܱʼ顣Ԫ㽵ͷ΢΢Сֹסϲ
ддţˣ˱ʣľͱԪŵϣ˽д顣
ǰһֵǧš

Ԫ㽴ȥƽϷأվҪһҳţЩ鰮Ļ뻰ÿÿ˾ЦҲ˳ĻһЩű߼ʵĶԪ˻ţܸ˵һ˯š
ĩʱ꼾˺üϸ꣬ĪЩ
磬£ﻨ԰ͤ廨˪Ҷһ԰ߣȻǶ˸СѾߣӴҴҵء
ĵ͹񣬡ſλԳʶŮӣ˵֪𰣬Ҫ
̧ۿ˿ԾЩԺģôδ㣿
Ѿߵü˳۵أū̫Ժźģ㡣ȥŴū澼£ŵū˳һˡ
˵գͳһСӸĿū澵ƣĿ
˪ҶȽӹȥ鿴ԺֻŮֳԸǣū澰ѻˣˣʹȥǹҲɡ
ļͷʾˡ
˪Ҷű˿ߣС㣬֪²ģҪ飬ū澼̰
ֶСЩ˶ӣܱܡ
ǡūס
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôЩġ
ʱ˪Ҷ֪ˣʱŮüۼֶ˼
õľȼЩʹίЩˣȻûٱټҲǳж
֪ĴֱӴֱԡҪ£ֱ˵
֪漴սЩͣ
֪һｫġ
ĵ˵ͷжš
ֽ֪ŵ:ǰЩ㰮ȥ¥Ѱ֣Ҳ֪ġǴǰةദģʱҲЩԱһͬǰة൹̨ò˵û˿ɽĹٲ˽ݵӡ
ּλ̨Щͣӣ㲻ձһٺ˼ģұЩȥ˵ʱ򣬾֮
ĳ˴ģǰЩӼң˵Ҫء͢˭֪˱̫֮ӵ»Ҫ֣˵䲻ģ£ֻҪҪֵ
֪ѧԭﾪһ˼ǡ
֪˵ͷĲֺ࣬Ǻȶ˾ƣ⻹ҺλˣǼﶼɵãųȻҰĿ֮˵ȥ䡣ǼǵǰĶ飬ԶҪ֪ġ
Ĵ䣬ŶЮӡͼı֮⡣
Ƥһ
ֳǰǶξǱҵӣҲʱ尲ڵ֪˵嵱ɿһ㣬Ū¶̫ƽ
⻼
û뵽˱ʣ尲Ϊة֮ûȫȡТ۵ΣȴôʵȨ
ãֱ֪ˣŻعһߣļһ⣬ȥ
û֤ݣֱָ尲Ԫ֪֪֪ˣЩˡ
û˯ãجΣҹΣͷ󺹡ﶼ尲ıɹ´ҵľֻ밲ȶգԪ㹻ʵȨȥѹ尲
죬һԶڣȻȻλ˱ТֱӽΪة࣬òεĿȱ
лȻѡ
ıдȥԶԪ㽣˼ȥڵ۵սģֻأѹ¾ţʱʱ˴̽Ϣ
ںԪţ˵սЪյо̸й󣬾ͿԻؾˣԷֻҪԪߣʲôҲ¡
Ƿƽ˾ع˼죬ΪֻԼ龪һʱʺ
ճЪϢ˪Ҷ֪˯òȣص¯Ѭ˰㡣
˯ҹȻѣкĽŲֺ˪ҶƽĲ̫һ
ĸ˪ҶѾѵƵˣĸᣣֻüԷӰݣӵΣ
һסˣɿܶͷ˪ҶĶôƽ޹ʷŸнЦһŲ̬á
㣬ˡ
Ļһͫ
尲

ǵƽǹƽû֪ʹ͢˶ıʣֻ֪Īˣʱд׵ĴһңΧһҡ
ҷˡ
ı񶼹尲µļܡҪӸٵбűĻʵֱۣڻʹ
ǶȻڵġû˸ΥΪλˣűΧۡΥն
ƽǵġ
ĵķ֮ǰ尲Ѿסˣ̫үһū͡ûκ˻ᾪŵĵİߣΪȵūѱɱҲεġ
Т۴һͿһʱΪɱ˲һλε͸ˣΰ˵ε尲
û뵽尲εҰĸ
尲ͨ쵽ͳȥŶ
Ǹһ꣬ѾˣһɫۣüĿԳΪˡ
غžǵֻֿǷˡ
ҪɱңͶ֣Ҳ˵ûһ˿η塣
֪ᣬҪЮ߾Ԫ㽣ҲҪȰ˵̫Ӿó֮λһҹˣûаҪɱ˼
Ҫ˵ΪǰЩ飬Ƕ϶ϲŵģϾ˭̸飬̸
˵ʲôôɱأֱúᣬһأġ
ֻû뿴ôˣϾ޸Ԫ㽣һ˻ء
ӡ
ľԼˣΪἱеȱƹҪТ۵λگ飬ȴסʹԺ󣬾ȻŲæ
ʲô
вԪ㽣Ҹ尲ΡľϳǿҲʹ졣
尲˳ȻûĵĻܾһΪȨƲһ𣿡
ȻأѵȨƲͷȴ£ЦŷȰ˷ʱ䣬ƽǺ㣬֮κı֮¡
尲㴹۾ЦӰЩ֮ɫ
֪ңΪȨЩ¡ǽ㿴ϾܳΪ֮ˣûʲôҪȨˣڣֻҪ㡣
ľƤֱз֮Ҫңɱң
˵ţϵĲ豭ˤ尲ͷϡ
Էеһ㣬豭ڵϣ尲δаֶݣվıƽ֡
պһǻʵۣ㲻ǣҲһ֮֮ϣЧǰʵۣ᳼ޣ˭ҺΣ
ıƵĲˣֱ磬޿ˡ
尲֣Լᴥ;ʵڿܣȥ졣
㻹ʵĺáԪʮаˣǾȲˣʵ۵λگһ£ľλܱܲס˵㡣
ڱصãģ﷢

尲վֱӣ߳࣬ʱĸִѹȸУǶһ񣬿
£ҲģֻҪԸԪ㽺룬ҳףҶĸͷҲһУҪٻ󡣡
ҲغҶ˵ʲôвҾǡ󲻹ʲô̬ȡ
ֻȢˡ

ıˡ
尲°Ůǲ˵ľżƵģźģӲڣҲֻع£һֲ
ȫϵֻǴ尲ֻƬУ֪̫ʱȻ
֪Ԫôˣˮ֮У尲Ȧס
尲һ̸ɢ죬ֻҹĹҲҲ֣߿۾ˡ
λگ⣬ţϣТи֣ʱס尲˵ת
尲ĵ죬尲ٴڰƿĵķţһϲۣһķϼ֮Ĵʱģضá
尲ѾǹɲӭȢĵִɱǣˡʵ۳ٳٲԸЭԸƣҲԸдگ飬ֲ֪صĶЩ׷尲ĹԱѾȹϵϣȴ˼ӼϲҪĳס
涼úˣҲѾˣȥˡ㻻ϲ尲׺òãһ˲䲻ôЩȨˣֻϽеߣܰı㡣
ĵȻǲԸģҲ尲⼸յ̬ȸηأ۶û
尲ͷѹűƹıͶ£ѱѹñٱĲδע⵽ճ񣬵ȻҲûеŭ
㵱治Ը𣿡
ʶЩԾϧѾˣ尲˫ɺ죬ٲȻһŤģ
ߵߣקϡĺ֪ԼΣմ̾ѣϧ̫ţ̣ͱΰϡ
ſңĳ˻һ䡣
㲻Ը⻻Ǿ尲㻻ߣÿ˵һ֣ճЫһ㡣
˵ţѾڳһֻ֣쵽ĵ䡣
ʱȴƽ
尲ԼǱֵ˷ܳͷԣڽ⿪·ʱ򣬲֪ЩĽ˫ѹͷȴҲȥͷϵӡ
尲קһ˲塣ľʱһݣþȫȻ͵ػǰ˵˫ۡ

ͷŵֻһļУӽȥ֮ǰֽ洫ʲôܽȥšһջûҽȥ
ң
尲һֻѪָġ
ҧɢңҺֹҪ㣬Ҫɱ㡣
䣬̻ӳ尲Ĳ֪尲书У˻ƣԵʲôûǡñԪ㽽˼èתϴ·磬Էһֻۣ׶֮ʹﻹܻѹ
尲ֻֿϧĶ̫죬һ˲ֻӾʹĲڡһѪ
尲΢죬ʹɫףѾʹˣֻӱأͱĺ
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