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ҵŮ楣ɫףܳ谮̫׷Ŀһλɾͬһҫ۵飬ٻޣۡгһգ׹£˳ŵ׵࣬˼ֱ̤һ̣֪ν谮á㱡Ԥı׵Ǳơ̫ϧΪһ֮˽ý㻤ΪϺλΪܵõõһСֻݼ̫ãЩŲɡΪһ̤ʯѶһȴ룬ۣˣǰܹĿҪһһֻ֪ʲôѣӦˬΪɱ˫ۣ޸顣룬иһֱĬĬػ̫ӵӣ񣬷绪˫˶˵ֻн˲ſȴǸЫˡĻĺݸһЦһϮ£ǳǳһЦ֪£ȫ֪ЩΪԾЦ֪Ҳϲ㡣ЦԽᣬ֪üֻ˵𣿡ͻȻһסˣͻʥּѾˣ˵Щ𣿡楣ĺŮVS󸹺[1v1ŮĸɾŮòɣгǸҲʲôˡ]

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1 
 

󾰣ʮ괺
£ȻʼתůǴͣէůʱ
紵龩ÿ䣬ʾŴ١磬ӳճ󾰳ķʢϳˮ֯߾¥ߺϴ
ԿӱĹӣԼ;ȥԾ֣ˣӹǱ̹ͨࡣ
Ǳһ˼ңΰɫţſϵʯʨӣ߹һңдپĸ֡˺£ҫ۶Ŀ
˺½ңѫ֮壬ӧңһ˾ټ½Ҹµ۵ǻйµ۲½ҷʹͣױ飬Ҷ͸½ңʾ½ҵӡһʱ֮½ҷͷۡ
ʱ½ңϲϴЦҲԣ£ָոյǻ㿴½ңɲǸøԺӱɨһȾֻǼֻ걻ڵأȴԵȤˡůϮ֣һȺȺҡҷˣ԰羰续
֮γԱȵһԺ䣬ľ˥ܣϱڲԫŴƾɣһ̹ǵ䣬ǻˡ
Ժһˣ˷ֻŴĴżżȡ
һڴϣϵıӺҲΨһ֮Ϊ˫ȶˣ޷жֻڴϣķ᲻ͷһ澵ӣӳճƵϵݺᣬݻݣȧǸ߸͹һ˫۾ݣͷϡңһŮȫû˴󾰵һ˵ķˡ
뿴ԼڵòΪȥô޴ͿЦЩ˾ҪЦԹΪ׼һ澵ӡ
۾ӿԺ
˶˵á㸸ĸ˫Ȼܳ谮̫Ϊһɾͬҫ۵飬ٻޣĽһȥҲˡ
гһգϵ£˳ŵ׵࣬˭Բһţ˶һߣ
֮죬ڵҽܡ
ֱڣЩ˼ڽĿ⻹ǰζδһ䵽ֵزҲδ׽ô˺
㵱֪սɳĸѳ顢׵Ѳʱֻ˼£ˡԺôãҲ޷ܱ˱ѵʵһֱ谮ķᵱָӳǽ
ķǳ˺ӣ½ۡ
Сֻ½һͱˣΪƷ߽࣬ɺ֪ⲻαװˡʱֻɵɵĽһ˹ȥһֱԼ룬Ҳ١
һ죬ͻȻԼϲ񣬱̫Ϊ˴ͻ飬ּ̫ɣȻӦʡ
У½۳߹òʣŻ磬Ǹǫǫӡ֪ŮҪ޸ȴûȷʾû뵽ȴȡ
ΪȻпͷǸĸ˫ĹŮҲ楳òʲôر֮䲻½ۡ
ɻ½ȴ楳赽˹СδУҲ檡˶˵½۰楣ԼҲΪġʵϣǼˡ
½۵ȷϧǱΪ׽ý桡桳Ϊ˾Ҳһ̲ǺΪ˰桵Ϻλüֵ࿴һۡ楣ɵɵ
ѱռݣΪ桿ԸһУȴȻ֪ǰݷ޶Ųɡɺ룬񾡹أһ̣֪ࡣ
桵ķϣ˹ݺͳңйͼı֤ȷ䣬һ½ȴһָظﲻһ
֪ô£ֻǵڷ俪ʼǰùȥ𻰣Ȼͱ˴ˣѹ㷢ԼŴƵĺһһ
˶ָָ㣬۷׷ףЩ۹ƺ䴩塣һ۰ĺý档ʧ楣㾹Ȼ£Ե½ӣԵ𣿡
½۾һĵǼڽһֻ޴Ŀ档
ʣߵŮָ楺ͳ˽飬ó͸ţų˻Գı췴֤ݡ
ˡ
ȴµһ˶ʴȴȡµۿ桵ϴӦˣ½ۼҪ楡
ӺӳǽѾܺˣ½ֻ楣ʵǿ
楱ݺµۼҪ½۴ͻ飬ɶܾˡ˶½۱͸ģֻ֪֮λһֱΪš
ˣҲòΪ½̾һ顯ݳȴ˵һġʲô˰½ʲôûȴҪúͼ̤
һֻáЦݣΨһļֵ˵̤ʯ
۾žˣϵ˰̡½꼵ò˵ǺĻɫˡΪҹĥͷһֻӡ
ʱ֪Ϊݼ۰Сãʵδɴɩ
˵ˣһһ߰޴ǿɱЦ
΢΢תͷſϺϵĴӣͻȻ֨һűƿˡ
極ͷһ˫Ь֯ĵȹڡ
ĿȥһŮӣҶüһ˫ۣһò¶ȴֳĵͼ̡
楿ͷֻлʺſԴľβΣͻȻЦˣʺ̤أǵ𣿡
ڴһЦһЦҡϳĽɫҲҡΡ
ҽһҲ㣬˳һЩ࣬Ҳ׹
楿ӣþòſڣãǣһֱ㵱׽㣬أһ̽ҵã
̾һҪ˵أֻɵɵš֮顯Ǵ󷿵ģǶģͬˣȴǵжԵģôͽҵɽأʵ㣬ÿȵĽǽãҶúЦҵĽãҲֻuĶãϧձ
楻ץסʲôʵ㺦ģ
ҡҡʳָǼ¿ɲġ
˭ң˭ҽģ楿ն۾ȾһĨѪɫ
üϧǻûгӣ˭ȡ˵λã
˼һΣ˱۾
浡
̫ɵ桽Ц
楺ݺҧֻôһ׽㣬ЩȴϷŹҲûмuһŮӣɾõˣȴǺˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪҽ㣿ɳƵ˻š
ЦȻΪ˱˵ĵ
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
桲Ϊ⣬˲Ϊѵ㶼𣿡˶٣ֵϧˣǸܵţҲȻ㸸һǸӢšϧΪ̫ˣүȥҪջȥǲԶľλ䵽ϣ
楼һ
ϰ䣬Ȼڻ£ô׹ԭǱ˺ģ
Ҳһ룬ȫˡǶϮôȢΪԭһʼƺˡ
Ǻڵķߺޡ
ȴ⣬֪½ΪҪȢЩˣĸǿҵϺλʼգһֱңΪ½Ҿ֮ΪȢһŮӣΪֽԼĺӴ
ϵıָŶ㻹֪գǴС½ģ֮ԺδйУҲ½˸ҩƣЦȫȫⰮĽķȻ㣬楣̫ʧˡ
ʧܣܣǿĹ⣡
Ϊ㲻䡣桵㻹أôĺأ
ôᣬôᡭƺţƵĵ
ֻĴˣŻű˵Ļ
תһ£ʳᡣİĽ˶ֻ⣬ˣֻڴѶҲûˣʱˡ
̫Цˣ̫ЦˣһǸЦ
ţЦԽЦԽӿ
⣬Ůʡ֪ʱӽﳤһ÷֦ͷһ÷̽ӡ
˵ô࣬ƺûģ֣һŮ
ЦӯӯǽһķϣΪҵϺλ´󹦣Ҿһȫʬա
Ůһ̣һƺһֻƱ
ŮЦЦա
˵ΪŭҵĲţ۾ﱬǿҵĺ⣬ƺҪһл
ֶ̧ƱһĨЦݡ
ܿܣ䵽ĵزҪ־͹ԼáⱭƾȥͶ̥գ±Ͷͨ˼ҡŮ
楱۾һھƱͷһ
档½ۣǺúݶͷβûʲôȴƭ̤ĥһԨôܸģôܸģ
楷ģκˣԸ׼֮ˣҲΪƣ
֪ôû˵һ֣Թ޳˺
ƾɵ壬ɫƮƮĺ绹ںХ紵ӣŮ˸սô˵ɭ֮С
ǻȥա
楣һˣ˵ĻΣηɱǵýŽݾ˵ԩҪ÷סźء

ڶգԭҪתůĴ죬ͻȻѩѩ׷һ˺üգǶסˣϺʤ¡




2 
 

ѩԺﵽǰѩ֦ȴԵþӨ͸ԺһƬ÷ӭ躮ʢţɢĵ
һϵѩƮƮ
СѾɣĲӣѾ˴ǰתůأôѩˣ˵ƤûʲôһůһģȻˡһҪأһҲûˡ
ɣеġ̡һĸͬĳ㣬ҲҵĵճŮuuǰͳˣ޵Ļǵӣ¡
˭˲֪uԶԶµú͵ܼܵΪ۰̫Ҳܼ˶˵ĸȻû
ֻu̫Ҳǳ谮楣ͻȻˣصߵ˲ٲƷҩģʵĽ
һҪģðˣܾź򲻺ôΪβӵԼչˣɣɧ
ҲǰССѣ˽˵˵ҲˣԺ˵ˣұӣм
ɣΪ⣬СֹҾ˵˵ûˡ̾˿ͬ˲ͬ˼ǧС㣬Ǿź˵ģ
߲ͬ⻰˵ľͲˣѵ㲻𣿹ɴδǣʱʱʹ͡ڹߵЩŮӹĻҪ棬Ҳ̫֪ˡ
ɣ죬һʱ
ȷ˿ͣܳ裬ʱҲɡֻߴˣ˺ҲˣȻ;òˡ
ǰŶ˵ŮıүˣΪ˶үͨУ̧ΪˡźЩɬͬߵŮ˼ȴһӷ֦ͷ
и˵ҲĽġ
ĻСʵˣûãŽԼʵ
˿ΧԼһ崲ϣǰɫɴʡ
仪ůڷŸ־µļҾߡһ̴ľϣ໨֦¯Ͽ񻨴̨ǰ裲ʱǶױ̨ڷŹ⻬ͭʹĵκСһԵټϰڷһŹٺͼףɫ񻨴ƿż֦ŵİ÷
ȷδʱķ䡣
ȷʵиӶϲһ뵽ǰľĵ׾ǣӲʹ
ǰǰڶȻĻᣬһصޡˣǰܹĿ໹ҪЩһһֻ
ţҲᶨࡣ㣬ͻȻ洫æĽŲ
ߺɣ
楻ûӦһůĻuеĵôͲأôչ˵ģǲʡġ
uеĻԼƵݣ楲Ȼ¡
uоǰȣ楷ſŷˣɸż
߽㣬˭۸ˣuʵ
һʣ楿޵øˣӿҪǰίͿȫйǸǶuκ˼
ǰuѲ˺ȴͺu˽ڿuھΡһuҲţǰĴлı䡣
龰u۸ˣתͷʣ˭ڹź򣿡
u׽ãͬȻҲǸˡֻ񣬶ƫޡ
Ҳ˾ú¡
ɣæ£Ϣŭ
楲ᣬЩʣ㣬ǡҾڲһجΣŵˣʮ㣬Բſ޵ġ
ջŭ⣬ɵãζǷġߣһأģҲܰȻݡ
ΪǵһסҪĳ嶯ͷ¾ģһҪu
u¿˿ʵ䡶أô㣿
楴u̧ͷ˼ЦЦżз纮ˣбҪ鷳ߣ䡶ΪӣԼҪء
極˵ǣЦѽ֪
楱uֱۣǽ䡶ˣȴţһ
顣uЦݳ硣
˵Цһuûдˣų׷ġ
㣬̫ߵķˣ˵̫ȥ
uһ㲡ˣͼ㣬δȥϷءȺúϢ͹ȥ
極ͷȥա
uûãλˣһͬ̽ء




3 
 

Ů׺һ𳤴󣬸ҲҪáǸϸĵģߵĴѾߣΪ楰ҩ²ϸģҩﶯֽš
Ұҩ׼ͽܿ˵ſڵҼá
λˡҶҩ
һ̧ͷͿɫŮ˹Ϊ׵Ǹʮģŵɫ÷£°ɫȹͷһ˿һ٣μ򵥴󷽶ʧ󡣷ɫ𪣬üĿţһһͶ㾡Զׯ˭˶һҹ㣬ھǵĹкǳڡ
ؼǣΪǫʹȣѲŰ極ѳγԱȣҲѹǰ½۶ˣҲ͡
Ҳıƭ׽㣬ΪΡ
桲֪楸ӵ˼첽ǰ極´еʣˣҺͶ㡢þ͸Ͻˡһɰȫ˼ˣҺĸҹΪءѹˣǾͷˡӿɺЩˣ
楴۾סĿâͽǼǹңӺöˡ
ʱһȻݺҲ۰㣬ûд󰭾ͺá˵㣬ҲôţԵȴȥȰÿĸǲŹ
̧ǰŮӣҵĶŮ浣Ҳǰu֡
䲻ǾɫҲȲ桵ĴʤʡһŰСɵˮۣϸϸҶüֻҪһüͷգһգ۾͸һֳĸо
˭뵽£һЫĳأuδʱշȴ𱨣uͼΪȡuλá
桺浲׽ã壬˽ֶһޡ
ǰļ䣬Ȼ浻uļʡ
ϣһЦǰϾҺʹһĸͬ׵ĽãȻǼ۰ҵġ
Ϊݣ˼УΪuҵ׽㣬һñ׽
楲һ仰֪˼תȻҲ浵뷨ֻס浲ʲô֮˾㹻ˡ
OĽС磬ֱʡʵϲӲ֮˶ѣϲֺá
ô˵Ц¶Żһ浥ģ
۵Ĵ㣬Ҳʱǹ㣬Ľ㣬Ľءƺ뵽ʲô浣˵ʹغģǲǶ㣿




4 С
 

뵽ǸüĿŵǿѹסӿͬҹΪʲôuˡճŮѾˣƫƫֵñ´ͻ飬޸ΪӲ֪ж⡣
uҲºʵۡ
uѳޣҵĳŮƫƫλúΣﲻ֪ö֮ԽԽuˡ
ǰȷʹظģóɪµЦ
OһаͷǶ󣬶Ȼȼ˵ģԺķҲǰͺˡ
浵ͷߣССͣ˵ʲôߣˣֻдϡ
O룬˵ǣ˭ġ
楽˵ĶԻڶУԽOǹģֱʴ棬ʵϾ浶uĳޡ
Щ˾óڸľϲ⣬ǰѾˣٿOֻСһЦ
桺εȾˣôOֻ֮ǹ֪źĵվ½ˣ˸ӣպȥ½ءòûã֪ܲȥ
ϱӾ楲ûãΪ½ϼ½һ棬ǿŲȥμᡣ˶ó񲻺ãϸȥ½ۣ֪˱Ц
˷̵ǣΪδ㱣Сĵ˺˶ͷһ̡ҺuĸѰҩǵ̺۲ǿʡ
Ժ˶˵½ˣϧŮҵ棬ʱ½ȴӶ
ʵ½ۺͻͨˣֻʱ½۾סȴֻ̤ͬʱ;üȥ
ǿԣ½ۺ޲Ѹáȴ˵Ҳϲ極ġһϣٳٲ½ȥף½ҲԽӶ楡
ǰ桼޸½۶ΪƵģĿľΪȡ桼޸أġ
½Ϊ桶楣ⲻ֪ҲֻϵһӰˡ
һ־ᣬΪ˶֪ϲ½ۿ߻ħˣͿԾ˦½Լ޸楻ɣˮһҲ桰ŵġ
һģǵ極壬źȥ½Ҳμᡣ
֪楶½۵ĳԣһȲҪȥġ
楳ٳδڣüͷǿյӡ
̾ҿûǱȥˣҪ
Ϊ楻żûһЦлΪ룬ڵȷ˳ͷҽ½ˡ
ûϵֽסˣһʱûӦ




5 
 

桱ϾĻƬָ̱糣ҡͷЦҲģҲȲԼҪֻ½Ҫʧˡ
OҲǰ½ĹϵһҪãպ϶һȥأȥȻʧ䡣½ͨ˵Եɣġ
楾úЦһһΪ뵽½ͻı⡣
ǰȷ½ϵã½½ҶŮøĸֳ谮ΪֻҪֺ½꣬ܽһֵ½۵Ļģ½ӦΪǰܼ޸½½Ĺͣ½˳Ǩġ
ЦΪȴҪ½ɫ£ģʹ½Լ
޴
Իĺܽ⣬αΪһԼ˱΢
ڲϲ½ˣݲȥֺ½ꡣ˵˵ǣ½ȷǸͨˡߣĴҹ㣬һҲûʲôġ
ô˵Ǵⲻȥμˡң桲õ楶룬ҲȰֻܸȥ
òδãǲ˹ţúȻȥˡ
極ߣˡҲˡ
һߣҩ룬Թ֪ѣ񲻼ãôãҩˡ
楺桹ϵҪã˶ǰ˵桵ĲǣֻҸҳ㣬ÿζ楹ˡ
⻰ˣҲֻ˵ҽңԲʱ䡣極
½ҩһȣĹ͸ÿȫΪ룬ʵջŲμ½ᣬĹ̫αˣ˭ƵģҲƭƭˡ
˵˴ͻȻסˣϲĿ楣ǷŹܾ˵Ļǿ͸𣿡
üۺЦ׵ǰ̫ɵˣתһоγƵģͷࡣ
̫ˣǶ֪һܸ˵ġ
ȰҪߵ̫ڿΪ㿴˵۹⻹ܵܡ
uվû䡣Ϊ䡵͵ˣöҲֻȹظصѾǰʱˣuѾ
ȥȰø̫밲һ·Сܵ
һͱһͨ裬Ҹֹ
楺Ц㣬ʲôȻûкůͣһͨ裬һô죿
˵žóΪ
䡲ЦЦͻȻʲôӻóһֽ
ˣҾ͸Ͻˡ·ʱҼϲ÷⣬պǲų¯ģұЩ֪ĸ޵֮˽ҵ͵ȥãֻȸϻظⲻ÷Ҳˡ
¸жֵɵƽͺãʲô÷⡣
ЦϲģȻҪϡ
һ߳Ÿ㣬״ˣ
֪ʲôΪãҡ
Ŷ˵˱ûУ
ü˹ҵ壬˵ʲô
͵һۣһ硭紺쵽ˣǸٰҲˡ
ʧЦԼĨǵǲҪȥ½ۣ
˼ˣֱӵ֪ң½պμ½硣
ͷСĵʣ㲡δȻͲ˵ȥˡ
極ݸһǣûӦ
Ȼ䡺ұֵһϲŵĿ楣ģ
һƭ㲻ɣ
ĵǿɲһ½۵ĳǿġ
ͷʲôأҼ˵ȥǲȥ
һ裬ָЦӱˣѾͨˡ
һ㵣ͨʲô˼
ЦͨˣǺǰȰҵЩһ
Ųյ̲סʵʹȰΣ㶼ΪִţôһӾͨˣ
ЦЩ꣬Ϊ֪ǿŤĹϲ˼ҼȻ⣬ֺαټ֣ҲЦ
䡸̣˼ǲò½ۣǲ˵ﻹǸ쵰
֪ΪΣ˶½۱ºͣǸǫǫӡһ½Ц;ﲻ뻮ż
УȻ˵ԼͨˣҪ߾裬ٺ½Ļᡣ




6 
 

ڿ˼ڤʲô
Ȼ취ǸαӰ
ô룬ȴ룬쵽ˣݳݺɣů飬ʱվٰһᣬҷ˹ӹȥμӡ
ӣέ
Ȼ䡾һ׹ģ
Ȼһ£ٿ䡣ͷҲͬʱжJĺ⡣
JǸˣͬҲŴ˽գζ䡣öϮϰ䣬СȻ֪˸С˼Ļ̹Ϊɥ֮¡
͹䡵ĺݶϼһգJ֡ȻJĽթܿǽ赶ɱˡô׹ģJ˭أ
䡲֪룬Ӳһ£Ϊ䣬æôˣ˽̫ҽ
æסӲ޴󰭣ʦڵģǴûغõԵʡ
ãֹһҪһźˣչ㾫Щ
Сֹ̿Ҳǽ㣬ôչˣССͣㆪ¡
䡲ֻСһ꣬չҡߣӣϸұǡ
¶ݣﴦһůʶ
ֻ˵ᣬʲô᣿楹֪
ϡһࡣ䡵϶ϲġߣʱȻܶȥӣһײô죿ԣ㻹Ǳȥˣһ˵Ҳһġ
ߣŲл½ء
ң㳤òһһЩӵܿô죿
楲֪䡵С˼ǰûȥһҪȥġ
ڸϴҲܷƣȥߣʱҺһȥ
ɫһҪȥɾˣϳģִô죿
楣
ȥãΪȥã㽿Ҳ̫ˡ
ǡ
ûпǡ極
䡲˵ʲô楾Ҫˡ
һȥ極Ҳȫˡ
˵Ҳ֣楲ǰһ׷˴ѩȻůµȷǸʺϳĺӡ
ǰգҾյµӣ븮˲μᣬϵĹǶǸˡ




7 о
 

ױ̨ǰžˣֻ֮С
Ǹˡ
ǰ½޹˵裬֬һ˫۾˵úܡ˵ˮ¶գգ۾ˮ㳤β΢΢ԭòʱ
پ£óһһõģתü̵ͦǣСɵⴽ˫۾Ǿɫ
ѹǰ½ǰ㼵ò˺ҲҪˡ
ԼòҲΪҪǣΪƾ⸱òȡ½ۡŷˣ½ûҲֻ
žӷ߹ȥȥȰˡ
楻ع΢̾߰ա
󣬴ȣ˴Ȱá
һ·ϣϸϸķ㾲ס¹Ÿߴߴıٻţǧ죬羰
ɫȼѾվ棬æͷ
Ŀбӣ̬ׯ˹ȥ
ǰһˣǰ˶һưӣ쵹ûУȴġ
ѽ˼ӣū澣ӵ˼ܲ²ģɻա
˵ﳤƯϼλﶼȲء
λĽݹһأŮȻҲɫˡ
楶Щ۳ţ͵˴ȰõſڡСѾ߸ϽƿӣЦ
΢΢ףݡ
ĵ⻬羵ֲݻ㼸ϷŴ¯ɢĪľƽ
ǰӯӯʩһ񣬡Ůĸ밲
̫˶ԼŮһͬʣ̬ȺǺͰӺȫˣ
ЦЦĸǹңѾˣջԺͽһͬȥμء
һɫ֯ȹӣͷĸ˴Ȥҿ楶Ϸ밲Ǽ٣ҪμģһӻһѣһҲû䡣
Цеڸϴʵڷƣô˻ɢɢġ
߹ֱڿ죬ɢĻȥʲôˣ
Ĺ֣ͳã
˭ˣѵΪ˼½ҵ𣿡
á¶Ρ
Ǹ֮ˣİȴྶͥǸֱ֮ˣ˵ʱЩûʲô֮ۡԲϲ楣Ϊ׷½ܣöˡ
Ҳ۾𣬡˵Ĳҵȷȥ˵ġǰڲУ½ȥμ½硣ԭҲ֪£ȥ֪ҡ
ΪҲδ³ײ½ĺӣûȥҽ½ţ˲ǲģ뻹ѰһΪá
˵ţ档Ц˵Բԣ㣿
֪ǲ桵ĴѺǱһˣǾܾμ½ᣬֻлǸˣֻҪϸ룬桱оġ
ѹסеĲ죬ǳıӵ𣬾Ȼҵĸʹӣ
һֱװׯҲֻװ
˵ǣǴûȥ½Ҳμᣬ½ʧأøպóô˻Ǹ½˼΢һ͸ˡ
Ϊһֱά½꣬ڴ½һֱܵ⣬޲֪楶Զôֺðͽᡣô˵楼ء
Ҳڰʾ楣½겻ˣ½Ͳ½ǰ˵ûˡ
ʵϣ½걳極ֻгЦû˵һû極ɵˣŪء
峺˫תתҲŵȻ極Ϊ̲ס⻰˵Ŀ˼һ˲أȥμ֮飬˵ǸͨŮ磬Ǳ磬Ҳǿв֮ȥμӣƾʲôһҪȥμ½磬Ѳȱ»Ҫ
οǿ͸ѾǸˣҲˣʲôˣҪһŮǸⲻǲ̫˳Цһôأ
һӼž׷׿桡ǿ򶨣˫š
ôˣôѾͷҲҸɫƣ
楺濹ϵôҲΪһãƿԣʵͷ졣
ţ楳ͶȥһЦ
һ㶣ȥ
аЦǰôû֣ôɰء
ϿԼŮίƤЦⲻЦ濶ˣֻһ˵˵ߣ楶½ϵҪã϶Щģǲǣ




8 о
 

ױ̨ǰžˣֻ֮С
Ǹˡ
ǰ½޹˵裬֬һ˫۾˵úܡ˵ˮ¶գգ۾ˮ㳤β΢΢ԭòʱ
پ£óһһõģתü̵ͦǣСɵⴽ˫۾Ǿɫ
ѹǰ½ǰ㼵ò˺ҲҪˡ
ԼòҲΪҪǣΪƾ⸱òȡ½ۡŷˣ½ûҲֻ
žӷ߹ȥȥȰˡ
楻ع΢̾߰ա
󣬴ȣ˴Ȱá
һ·ϣϸϸķ㾲ס¹Ÿߴߴıٻţǧ죬羰
ɫȼѾվ棬æͷ
Ŀбӣ̬ׯ˹ȥ
ǰһˣǰ˶һưӣ쵹ûУȴġ
ѽ˼ӣū澣ӵ˼ܲ²ģɻա
˵ﳤƯϼλﶼȲء
λĽݹһأŮȻҲɫˡ
楶Щ۳ţ͵˴ȰõſڡСѾ߸ϽƿӣЦ
΢΢ףݡ
ĵ⻬羵ֲݻ㼸ϷŴ¯ɢĪľƽ
ǰӯӯʩһ񣬡Ůĸ밲
̫˶ԼŮһͬʣ̬ȺǺͰӺȫˣ
ЦЦĸǹңѾˣջԺͽһͬȥμء
һɫ֯ȹӣͷĸ˴Ȥҿ楶Ϸ밲Ǽ٣ҪμģһӻһѣһҲû䡣
Цеڸϴʵڷƣô˻ɢɢġ
߹ֱڿ죬ɢĻȥʲôˣ
Ĺ֣ͳã
˭ˣѵΪ˼½ҵ𣿡
á¶Ρ
Ǹ֮ˣİȴྶͥǸֱ֮ˣ˵ʱЩûʲô֮ۡԲϲ楣Ϊ׷½ܣöˡ
Ҳ۾𣬡˵Ĳҵȷȥ˵ġǰڲУ½ȥμ½硣ԭҲ֪£ȥ֪ҡ
ΪҲδ³ײ½ĺӣûȥҽ½ţ˲ǲģ뻹ѰһΪá
˵ţ档Ц˵Բԣ㣿
֪ǲ桵ĴѺǱһˣǾܾμ½ᣬֻлǸˣֻҪϸ룬桱оġ
ѹסеĲ죬ǳıӵ𣬾Ȼҵĸʹӣ
һֱװׯҲֻװ
˵ǣǴûȥ½Ҳμᣬ½ʧأøպóô˻Ǹ½˼΢һ͸ˡ
Ϊһֱά½꣬ڴ½һֱܵ⣬޲֪楶Զôֺðͽᡣô˵楼ء
Ҳڰʾ楣½겻ˣ½Ͳ½ǰ˵ûˡ
ʵϣ½걳極ֻгЦû˵һû極ɵˣŪء
峺˫תתҲŵȻ極Ϊ̲ס⻰˵Ŀ˼һ˲أȥμ֮飬˵ǸͨŮ磬Ǳ磬Ҳǿв֮ȥμӣƾʲôһҪȥμ½磬Ѳȱ»Ҫ
οǿ͸ѾǸˣҲˣʲôˣҪһŮǸⲻǲ̫˳Цһôأ
һӼž׷׿桡ǿ򶨣˫š
ôˣôѾͷҲҸɫƣ
楺濹ϵôҲΪһãƿԣʵͷ졣
ţ楳ͶȥһЦ
һ㶣ȥ
аЦǰôû֣ôɰء
ϿԼŮίƤЦⲻЦ濶ˣֻһ˵˵ߣ楶½ϵҪã϶Щģǲǣ




9 ˺
 

ǳǳһЦ˵ǣŮҵС£Ȼǲģ̫оͲˡ䲻ǻʼҿ̫׷⣬ȴҪһŮǰϥ̫ӣ
ҲССΪԵ޹ʵҪѧūϥǶҷǣҲῴǵЦҪ˵ǸϽãĸͶҲ޹ġ
ϱҭһ£һʱ֪˵ʲôãʶһ㶢ʲôʱѾͷҲˣһ̫˵£һ뷴Ҳˡ
ЦЦˡҵ˼ǣ½Сԣһ򱻼谮ѣԲŻƢ
һЦܱ½ﵱҪѣȻܸˡֻҼûΪҪȥ˿˻ô룿½ﱻǧĳûҺ£Ϊ룬Һ
Ϳ桵ˣ濴ׯʵαúܡóľ˹ϵȻԼȥˣӮһƬ䱻ۿ
Ҫľǣ˺αװ
һڣ桶ôܽκһ軵Ĺ
ϴ˲極Ȼԡ
極ͷ㲻ԣҾͿˣʱ̫˼ϲлҳʱ̫󡣡
档
ˣ楽ǹȥ
аˣǳԴʲôҩôͻȻŸɣ
ڣѹеŭ𣬸ɰͰ͵ЦţСôͷ̫楶˵̫谮㣬Ҳʲô¶գ
楳˼Ƭ̣֮ǲҪ̫֪ˡ
˿
̫ӵ££Ϊ󾰳ŮˣǸ򵥵ˡ楽һһʮĸ֪̫̫һڱߥ½ˣŪ楣ʱ̫²õӡ桶ô޸ӣ
˵楸ĸ˫ֵÿ̲סʣΪʲôŮǿأ桼޸ӳΪʺǸ
˼ˣ⡯һ£̫󲻻楼޸ĳλүգУ취楺½۴ճһԣ桵֮λ
*
ů紵㣬Һ̣ﻨ㡣û˶յյľɫȻһ¡
˴ţ̧ͷ۾
Ц￴ʲôأ
þûĺˡ
˵ЦˣյҲһů𣿡
Ц
˵ڣ˵ǰ
ǰݺÿʪķ䣬뿴һĵⶼݳޡ
ΪˣֻǾվ£ñϧ
ſͣ楾ֱȥ˺һ
O㣬㲻һ𣿡
楺桹ϵãÿγŶһҲڡ
ЦЦˣĽ㡢һ𡣡
Ҳˡ
Ц񵭣Ľ㣬ãʲôϳա
˵ţһۣȻҲûѿɫˡ
O۲桵ɫС㣬Ȼ㲻Ըһȥա
û˵ֻǶź˫ֽһ
˦˦ӣתźȥˡ
ôҲ벻ףһҹ֮䣬ô楱仯ôҪ˺
濴һֱ楿
ʧЦΪôң
°ֵͣĶǲͿ𣿡




10 ˺
 

ǳǳһЦ˵ǣŮҵС£Ȼǲģ̫оͲˡ䲻ǻʼҿ̫׷⣬ȴҪһŮǰϥ̫ӣ
ҲССΪԵ޹ʵҪѧūϥǶҷǣҲῴǵЦҪ˵ǸϽãĸͶҲ޹ġ
ϱҭһ£һʱ֪˵ʲôãʶһ㶢ʲôʱѾͷҲˣһ̫˵£һ뷴Ҳˡ
ЦЦˡҵ˼ǣ½Сԣһ򱻼谮ѣԲŻƢ
һЦܱ½ﵱҪѣȻܸˡֻҼûΪҪȥ˿˻ô룿½ﱻǧĳûҺ£Ϊ룬Һ
Ϳ桵ˣ濴ׯʵαúܡóľ˹ϵȻԼȥˣӮһƬ䱻ۿ
Ҫľǣ˺αװ
һڣ桶ôܽκһ軵Ĺ
ϴ˲極Ȼԡ
極ͷ㲻ԣҾͿˣʱ̫˼ϲлҳʱ̫󡣡
档
ˣ楽ǹȥ
аˣǳԴʲôҩôͻȻŸɣ
ڣѹеŭ𣬸ɰͰ͵ЦţСôͷ̫楶˵̫谮㣬Ҳʲô¶գ
楳˼Ƭ̣֮ǲҪ̫֪ˡ
˿
̫ӵ££Ϊ󾰳ŮˣǸ򵥵ˡ楽һһʮĸ֪̫̫һڱߥ½ˣŪ楣ʱ̫²õӡ桶ô޸ӣ
˵楸ĸ˫ֵÿ̲סʣΪʲôŮǿأ桼޸ӳΪʺǸ
˼ˣ⡯һ£̫󲻻楼޸ĳλүգУ취楺½۴ճһԣ桵֮λ
*
ů紵㣬Һ̣ﻨ㡣û˶յյľɫȻһ¡
˴ţ̧ͷ۾
Ц￴ʲôأ
þûĺˡ
˵ЦˣյҲһů𣿡
Ц
˵ڣ˵ǰ
ǰݺÿʪķ䣬뿴һĵⶼݳޡ
ΪˣֻǾվ£ñϧ
ſͣ楾ֱȥ˺һ
O㣬㲻һ𣿡
楺桹ϵãÿγŶһҲڡ
ЦЦˣĽ㡢һ𡣡
Ҳˡ
Ц񵭣Ľ㣬ãʲôϳա
˵ţһۣȻҲûѿɫˡ
O۲桵ɫС㣬Ȼ㲻Ըһȥա
û˵ֻǶź˫ֽһ
˦˦ӣתźȥˡ
ôҲ벻ףһҹ֮䣬ô楱仯ôҪ˺
濴һֱ楿
ʧЦΪôң
°ֵͣĶǲͿ𣿡




11 ˾
 

úγԣ
濺ɵϵһҪãôһ𣿡
ЦЦһ˫۾⣬ȷûеңͻȻ˳ۡ
Բţ˵ѣ˵ˣһء
楿ڴǰɫΪ⣬Ϊβϲ㣿
濵ҾͲϲǸ硯ģα
⻰˵Ĳ
ĿɿڴѾڱĿˡ
ǰϲôͬĻô˵档ҲûΪ桳ͷ
Ľ㣬˵ǲʲô̼ˣӡ
˵
濱죬һ·Ĭ
һ·ǰƿӵһǣ㿴ɫĴǰٷ˹ﲢӶˣͥУһһ
楽ûǿ極Ļˣһ͸Ͻǰ
ĽãȻŮ
楺һ֣˵עĿһΪ̫谮ĿΪǴ󾰳ĺүòʣӢţʵں˺ԡ
楺䡽˹ţҲûпһֱۣ˹ﺮȥˣЩ˿̫ϣҲ֡
䡣ˣҵˡ˵ϼҶέ
һīɫֱ׺ýƣͷڣԵòӢͦΡ
䡵ļ򣬿˹ϵܺá
һҽö
ôǰɫֵλﰲá
￴һλӢӣԺȴ˼Ʈ
έı֣ȷһ˾ӣɺܶӵܶαװ䡵ĻϷⳡٰģôǰ׹ǲйأ
㣬ڿʲô䡵ҽüΣҲ˵
楻عЦ룬лῴͱ˱Щ档
üһЦţͷвͷҽͷӮ͸㡣
֪̿һӮ
㲻𣿡
楲𣬼̶϶ӹϵܺ𣿡
룬䡵ģ϶Ǹ˾ӣϣĳһα
楣ò£֪˵ĳ½ۣʱ̲ǰ½ҩ
ȻҴĵӣǻʺֶӣûһ㽾ϰԣҲӲĿˣΪǫ͡
ǰ˵έĺûһʼ楻šȻ䣬һϤŮӣλ°Χ˵Ц




12 ˾
 

úγԣ
濺ɵϵһҪãôһ𣿡
ЦЦһ˫۾⣬ȷûеңͻȻ˳ۡ
Բţ˵ѣ˵ˣһء
楿ڴǰɫΪ⣬Ϊβϲ㣿
濵ҾͲϲǸ硯ģα
⻰˵Ĳ
ĿɿڴѾڱĿˡ
ǰϲôͬĻô˵档ҲûΪ桳ͷ
Ľ㣬˵ǲʲô̼ˣӡ
˵
濱죬һ·Ĭ
һ·ǰƿӵһǣ㿴ɫĴǰٷ˹ﲢӶˣͥУһһ
楽ûǿ極Ļˣһ͸Ͻǰ
ĽãȻŮ
楺һ֣˵עĿһΪ̫谮ĿΪǴ󾰳ĺүòʣӢţʵں˺ԡ
楺䡽˹ţҲûпһֱۣ˹ﺮȥˣЩ˿̫ϣҲ֡
䡣ˣҵˡ˵ϼҶέ
һīɫֱ׺ýƣͷڣԵòӢͦΡ
䡵ļ򣬿˹ϵܺá
һҽö
ôǰɫֵλﰲá
￴һλӢӣԺȴ˼Ʈ
έı֣ȷһ˾ӣɺܶӵܶαװ䡵ĻϷⳡٰģôǰ׹ǲйأ
㣬ڿʲô䡵ҽüΣҲ˵
楻عЦ룬лῴͱ˱Щ档
üһЦţͷвͷҽͷӮ͸㡣
֪̿һӮ
㲻𣿡
楲𣬼̶϶ӹϵܺ𣿡
룬䡵ģ϶Ǹ˾ӣϣĳһα
楣ò£֪˵ĳ½ۣʱ̲ǰ½ҩ
ȻҴĵӣǻʺֶӣûһ㽾ϰԣҲӲĿˣΪǫ͡
ǰ˵έĺûһʼ楻šȻ䣬һϤŮӣλ°Χ˵Ц




13 廨ͷ
 

Ů𪣬ʩ죬͸ŵĺɫһӻɫЦ۾䣬ԽԵýοˡ
ǳ˺Ů½۵ã½ꡣ
ǸŮӣǹɸĹȻĹùñ楡
楳ߣ빬˱³谮ΪԼͷˣΪ⡣ȻҲԼиү磬ԼҲˮǴߣʱߣΪܳɹŮȦӣǸ½ܡ
һ˵ɵĻ½꿪ģһ۾סת
ͻȻǰһקק½ӣ㿴ǲ𣿡
Χ½ߵŮӶǱ߿ȥ
極òȻģֻԶԶĿţƲۡ
һͷ˿һ֧Σȴ󷽵ţǷƷϵʮصİɫƣƼ򵥣ʵ򻪹
ͬһ֦ŵܽޡӭǰ͵װ磬һڹŮ֮лڵġ
½ʵľݣΨһֵοľ極ĴʱˣŪΪйʵķʽ
ò󾰵һ˵ĳƺŹȻ鴫
ȻЦΣǸ廨ͷװ˷˿ķţȲһָͷѹô½ҲϲŲţһ͹ֺˡ
ðǾ͵ſ
е⣬ȴǱô˵楶ҴҲһƬģʵѵãϧҸ粻ϲΪһȰգҴϵʱˣȥҲ
ȻЦƤ׷½ӣͲ֪Ϊˡ
˾ĳЦ楣ǵã楶û۾û߿
ȻЦݾʧ½겻ɫЩڨڨġ
ҽһ˽һȲĸϹֺ㡣
½˼Ƭ̣ɫÿЩŮ֦ʹ˸ɫ֦⣬ūȥ
֦½ߵĴѾߣʱΪ½׽Ҳˣ½һƲ楡
ߵ󣬲δڣΪ楻ȷȻһ˷ܵ½ںδ
ǵ˰Σ楸û˼
½껹ڵţõ飬ֻܹȥһ񣬡Ҽҹȥ




14 ֪֮
 

վֵȺУ⿴ŷ羰żͱ˺Ѽ䣬էһ֦δò졣Ϊ֪½極˵󣬿ٳٲȥֻˡ
û֪˵ʲôƲƲ죬ͷȥ
ֵЦЦãþСƢ⡣
ЦСȻҪˡ
濶ĹۣȴֳҲҴ٣ҲŲҪá
֦˵˵ЦЦ楸ûע⵽ЩơҪ֪ǰΪֺ½꣬ѾҲܿġ
ѣֿһЩٴεҼҹȥ
ƳһۣϹ𵭵Ц楶˵ʲô
ɫȣһͷ㿴֦ں档
΢紵΢΢𣬴һ˲ʵ£
֦Ҽҹȥ
û˵ûнӸµĿ
һΣȻ֪֦ôġòԣҲֲһѾ߳Ц
֪Ϊ֦Ÿ½Ųϲ極ġ
ѵ㣬㲻ʶ½ߵ֦ѽ
΢΢һЦȻǼǵģֻղ֦࣬һʱе㱡
Ҳ濴֦ۣȷǸƯѾߣҲ˶١
Ц߹ū澴Ȥ
楳ٳٲ֦һֱȣۡ
ûǵ£ЦȷǸòѾͷͨɣѾߣء
֦巢ֻҧסڹǰʧ񣬡˵ɷūˣū澳򲻸ҳ롣
ü΢˹֪֮Ҿϲǫˡա
֦˿վֱӣﰵԽ˼ʮ顣
ô楲һأ仯ôⲻλεΪ
򹷻Ҫأ楾Ͳ½
極ǹ˵ղȥһۡ
極ȥҹҺͽһ߲
֦ӡ楶Գҽö׽ôΪ濾ܾ½أ
ǣǹˣǲȥ
δ˵꣬ͱҺһۣ֦ʶ졣
˵ֵ߲߲𣿼Ȼ½ΪβԼѵҪɫ£




15 
 

֦һţϽ極Ĳū澲ҡ
ҵ㲻ң
ҼҹҲû˼֦Ӧֵ
ҳأʱѾ߶֦Ҳͬסˡ
ˣʲôûȥҹ︴𣿡
֦Сˣūū澸ˡ
Զˣ濵ЦֻԽѿŲҲӿˡ
ЦˣĶӵӣǺЦ߶еĴѾߣҲû˭ſΪԼҹǳ˺ŮǧΪ˲½۵ĺøж׽½꣬ö֮۹Ҳˣزѱ˷ҲվӿԼʲôݣѲ½ӵңҲûѹ޵ĵʲô
ҡҡͷˣ̸ĪǷǣôأСı
濵Ҿǿ
ЦҾ˵ĺܶԣ롣
Ŀˣʲôʱ˵Ĺ۵һˣ
楽յı֣Ѿˡֱڿ죬Ǵϡ
極ôͶˣ治֪ǰôģݱ߹ǶСͣôã֪˽ôЦ㣬Ȼ޷̵ڵġ
楿ŲԶȻ½꣬ǰ֪֪ˣҲضһѾ߿ˡ
½֦ĻػѿȻ˵һ
ȻϷȣҽöҲ߲
֦˵ҽ楺ҵԭ֪½꣬ô˵棬½һ²̨
ʱ򣬾ϵ֣ӯָԶŮӵǲ桺ϼҶʲôʱ˹ϵôˣǰ桿Ǻߵýء
½궨һɲ桺ϻ˹άϰˣûеһʱǺϻ̸ﲻ
ΪϻŮǻʺ۰ֶŮȻͬ׽½Щʡ
ȴЦ϶󣬴ҹ㣬̸ֹһţȴƽ׽ˣҲΪ档
Ȼ½е⣬ŻģҪ˵ãҲϹｻòǡٵϲֵ磬ҲҶģԺ˼ңǸƷٵŮܺȣ
֣ӯڴЦò׼ϼҶȻҪպû׽û϶ϵЦݶôΪʺֶŮϹȻʱҲ̫Ҳ֪ڹмû




16 л
 

뵽̫極ĳ谮½ɫһʵڲ廨ͷ֮ô̫ۣܵȡվ̫߸жã楸ȡ
桿ϻ뿪Ӱϻһתȴ½꼸
½Ĳм˼ǰ
ֲ÷ûǣԭĴ˿زã
Ȼģ˼ҿǿ֮ģ
ôЦ½ϵҪãŲѹء˵Ϊδܲμһ£ҪѰǸأҵ͹
ô˵½ˡ楾ãô˵ǸӣԲŲģȵ˽
Ȼ˿ǰСͺźҲҿЩ
֣ӯ循ȵ׿˵ģ
ö֮ĵͷȻûף½һֱúء
ȻЦﻹǿҲûкҪǰͷ
Ц񣬡˵Ϊú½ϵòŸԸԽݵġ
֣ӯ˵˻ϲ̨棬ȣֱһһ¡
֣ӯһ̧½꣬һ档Ψ²ң뿴֡
ȻƳһۣһ
楲κͱһģͻҪѧҪȥ
ûԶ½꼸ˡ
½ȿ˵ûأֻվǰĿ⵭ǡ
Ȼ߹ȥס極֣ã˵أ
楳֣Цݿ룬֪λ۱ʲô
Ȼűص֣Ρ½꿴楶磬Գƣг˷ŭЩҡ
Ȼ˵磬ûеһء
ﰵʾ½Ǹ
ЦЩ˵ջǲɣҲδԱδȥμӡ˺½֪½ɻϲ
½һʱ޷極ת䣬Ŀ楡
Ȼûֺ½Ǹ˼æ͵ĺȻõģȻϲġ
極ͷҲȥϣǼ͵ĺôһ˵Ҿͷˡ˵գպҪȥ̫ģβüֻ˽˼ҽ̫͡Ȼǿҽңﲻʤм
̫֮󶼲ҪҳŲƾʲôҵǸ
½ѹסеŭ⣬ǿЦǰ㲡ˣǶղһֱܵأտӺˣұ㰲ˡ
ЦƵĵͬ½Щʱ̽һһֻӲܿЩȬȥء
֣ӯ̲ס͵͵Цˡ
ʲôʱôˣǹ⼷½ꡣ½겻˵ܵôôãȥ̽ȴӰⲻα




17 ֮
 

½Ȼ極֮⣬ŭҲֻų󣬱ԽôǰҪִҹģ
ȻЦ֪Ҫȥδ
楿һ濣ѧǹҵȤûʲôᣬô˻ȥѧһѧ
պãҲȥһ˭Ҫ䡡
֣ӯ֪楺½ϵѣͷֺãЦպҲȥһͬȥա½ҪҪһȥ
Ȼԭܾģһ뵽ϻҹӣ˼
۾תת½ò׳һΣβľˣȻҲȥգ
½겻ȥԵܿһ鵭ˣ߰ա
濵極ӣ˭ǷƵġ
˵ţ楺߰գϼұ࣬ѾȲʶһˡ
ûе½꼸˵˼
楺һۣ۵׶εЦ⡣
Ȼ֮ӾӶ࣬вŮӵġ
ŮܹͬһĻ᱾Ͳ࣬Բٹﶼⳡ˴߶Ц
ȻͼȻԵԶӣĿĵϼҶέˡ
˶˵ϼҶӱȹĻӻҪڣ߹󣬸˫ȫ⾩½ӣӾˡ
Цû뵽ĽҲЩȤ
ҸȤǾ˶֪
ô֮ǰһĶϵ½ϣδйˣȻôעέˡ
ûô˼һȥˡ
楿ŵ濣ϻһĨ΢Цתͷ̿ϴһӰɿһֱܵǰ
㣬ôˣ䡾ãֻڿ̨žУûҪҵĵط
楲֪Դһ쵽ʲôЦмģĴߣ˳뿴㲻ڼҵʱʲôӡ
䡶΢죬лǺܸ˵ģ뿴ǿˡ
һҪ³𣿡
δ䡻ش𣬱һСүһô
楻عͷͿ˵һɫխװٶ˷ȴĵЦ⣬ԽԵ˼־
ĪģЩˡ
ȻǰЦ磬ôˣ




18 
 

˲ǱˣȻͬĸֳ極ֶ޳ϡ
һ԰հǾĸȻǾһɣ޳Ϻ;Ҳмֽ顣
ǾǱߵˣ䡵ĹϵòŹ֣楾޳϶Ȼ⡣
ԱǸ°ɫ۵ӣü۷縵ۣԼʮģǰ׵ܡСӣΪӣ԰¶Ϊ谮Ҳǰܵܡ
Ϊ̫˶߹ķ竡
޳Ͽһ䡺楣Ц佫ңСүȶԶĶӣضȻ洫ճȺôȻҲڻ£ѰСүһСү᲻ҺͰӰգ
Ϊ˭ƾʲôӣ䡻δڣ極⹫ޣ䡶С֮ʡ
Ȼûпڣһֱϣʲô֮ʣ⹫˵ʵα
޳ЦӣСү˰գ
ҲûСʶ
極һۡ
䡿楣Щɻί
޳ϵˣСүΪβǱԣѲ䣬ҺȺүӣ
㡭ĿЦ׺ҡ
²̣Ǽֲʡ
ӦҵĻˣ極ӦҪģãҼǵõʱҲڳԲԣ
濺䡶極Ļͷԣһɫֻܵͷˡ
ЦǾͶˣɷһԾŶȻСҲ˵㻰ߣֲֻһǻбı𣿶λӣ绻ĺ䡶ȣ
޳ϻ˵ʲôȴЦԼǣͻˣˣ´лٺСүȣиˡ
԰գ޳ʹ˸ɫתߡ
Ȼ̲ס̵Ϊβͬ⣬ѵҪСү
極Ȼ
ȻᣬСүԿáС¶極ģ޳ϴÿûôá
楶ʹ˸ɫãѡѡȥ𴦡
ǣ㲻ѡ𣿡
΢΢һЦ䡶
ǰһðϴƥ͵ˣһƥǰպ϶ӱӮˣȷƥԡ
˵ţǣҲ˹ȥ
ƥ䡵㣬ҽ㣬ȥ
ҡҡͷɫأϸһƥ




19 ֱ
 

極ı֣˶¾ɡ䡻ǰ極ķԸϸһƥ
䡵Ϊβ޳ϡԣΪҪƥ
極ûǹüǲ죬Ե޹ʵΪصѰԣ֮ĲޣСΪϡ
˼Ƭ̣˵ıǡ
ЦĻ̹ɲܱ֤Ҳͬˡܶ˱˾ӣʵؼ飬ҪСģɵĽ˵ɺѡ
̲סǰ㲻Ҳ𣬻Ҿǰء
һǹȥˣˡ
ЩԹŶ
һᣬ׽ϸˣӡƥûʲô⡣
Ŀ⾪ȣţû⣿
׵ȷ
ôأǰ䡾ʱ׹ģѲΪҲ˱
Ц㣬ˡʲôطǾٴ󵨣Ҳ϶ְգ
ǿɲһϼҳ£ҺϼҽǰˣΪϼ׹Һϼԭ㲻Ĺϵһ֮ˡ
ƥ϶ҵģѵ㻳϶ؼ֮ˣ
ȻǵΣڳǰ㶼
֪Ϊãڽǰչʾı£Щʧġ
Ǻðգġ
һŷ뿪
濿䡵ıӰ˭
ЦҽΣ
㣿Բţѧ𣿡
ʱ׽̹ҡ極
ʵӦǰ޸½ۺġ
ʱƵľïʢͬһƥһ˵˵ЦЦһ߽֪öۣҲΪ⡣
Ϊֺ½ۣҲѧĺܺá
ٻ㯣ֻʣ¿Ц
楷ӣҰա
һá
Ѿĺ̺ĺ̫ţ˺ðȥòȥˣֲСĴˤΧкü˻ţûԵڵء
˶Цˡ
濾Щӣɫ΢죬վٴȴǰſϵơ
ļˣˡ
΢ΣͷšЩڣʱӦѡһƥСġ
ܴùģЦֻܰ˵ȥ
һᣬӦˣֱͦ壬ץԶգŴϷ
ãû뵽һҲ档
楿Ŀ⸡ֳЦ⡣ʱ˿̣ЩĽ濣ĽǺа
˺һᣬ極ҪҪһܡ
ͷѽѽ
΢΢һЦ




20 칫
 

紵極Ҳŷںڵķ˿ҲƮ
һͱҷߺХ
ű̿գſ˫ۣЦ죬˵ע⣬Ҷʮ־ȡ
ǾȵĲϣǲ楡
Ǿòַ˽ֻǸ廨ͷڵ楣ֳӢš
桺浼½ˣ楣аԼޡ
桵㣬֪úʱˣ
ӣúϵôö֪ҸӲ֪ˡ
楲˵۹⣬תһȦһȦ
Ƭ̺ס벻Լһܣ
濵ͷá
Уҽ̸Ķס𣿡
һϣͻȻûףҡ԰ա
Ȼ򴽣ֱӣǰ档
һʼ濻Щ£ǿ楺ڿа˲٣һӦˣٽš
Цٿһ㡣
濳һЦһ£ܵĸˣЦ極Ķߡ
ǸֱʵĹ˭Ͷ˭ͷ⡣֮ǰ˳ۣ桸ʱֱԲΪ˵
õĹ˭ϲأ
һ̺楳֣ʱһɫŮӳҰ
ŮһѩɰЦУһĽĿ濡
ǸŮ칫
Ƭ̺ˣɾĺæӸ
濸Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻðһˣһ˭
칫۾ҡ
ˣ˸񣬡¡
칫ڰ֣ض񡣡
ȻҲ˵ֻǶƥ
˭ڡ
һᣬ칫̲סˣҿһƥ𣿡
ǹҪ˭ܾܾ濵ƥԭϵģǣ߱ǡ
Ҳ칫һ˫峺۾楣˲ܾ̾
Ľ֦Ҷ楲ʲôǣֲþܾ칫ֻܵǹŵùңԸһ¹
칫ȵľ仰۾һðлˡ
εЦЦŽ濵Ķ¸֪˻칫
СЩ
칫˷ܣͻȻüҷ̫ˣһʱûע⣬ôնôɩɩ׽㣬СʶôͻȻнĽҡأ
΢Ӧ
Ϊǰu浣ҲˡǸֶŮòûи⡣
칫ǸŮ֪ҲʼԻ칫ˡ
⣬δڣͻȻ칫һȾңȾҡ
һֻܾһͻȻ칫ʧ룬קſϡȴܵĸˣҪ˦ȥ




21 
 

ǻ칫ʲô£ҲҪ
һ̣һĸ߸ֹͣ
룬һץסǰܣĴһʹоĥģӴĵ⡣
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һʾˣǾֵ
칫ź˰˾Ⱦҡ
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䡼˴ʧɫϵĹˣɷ˵˵ȥɿļдţ㣡
칫ڵȵϲӡ
䡺ݺݸһޣֻߴķãںͷͷҪȴȾȹ
һ㶣˲ԥ
Դ찡
¸ûʱ룬ֻ極ָһޣ칫պʱٽ칫קԼϡ
칫ŵûϣٺᡣ
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칫þȣɿ˵ϡ
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䡽楷ͷײˣһϣҲѪģ۵ľһ¡
칫ӾлܣŮں߸ţ£Сıˤ˵Լ
Ǹ極ֻ칫ʧҲܵ𷣡
Ҵ䡵λã楣ز˲ͷϵѪſǻ
ҡҡͷû¡
ôûأĶͷ֣ˣһۡ
գˣԼû
֪Ͳ뿪ġ
ܿ컳칫˹Ҫߣû뵽ȴվǰһ
칫۾ͨ죬¶𣬡ҡ뿴㣬Улҡ
䡺СʱĸˣuֳˣǺһȻ¿ˣҲԹ˻칫
Ի칫ľִٲҿɲҵһл֣෴ǻҪлл㣬˽ȥ㣬£Ǿûкùӳԣһ룬ǶҪлƽ¡
Ů˪ҶһӸѵ⹫̲סү˵δ̫ˣǹҲ˾ţ˹Ҳܵġ
һɨ˹ȥ˪Ҷ졣
Ц䳰ǲǻҪҽ̵ˣҽȻȴҲǺܾͨмĿ΢һǹѹˣҽ𣿸϶벻ãôƫƫҽ㣬ǽ֦ҶûҽҲǸŮӡ
䡶楲ͬĿ
ȻֶԻ칫䡶Ҳ̫ң鼱֮¿ڲԣ˵£ԭʧ񡣡
䡿ľˣôҺƽأ칫æڰ֣µȷдȣûʲôɺСүƽϡ
ɫ԰ףһЦл
סеŭ極㣬ȥѰ϶ӣҸ
ףá
ܿ죬˶ɢȥˣ칫Ŀϣþûл
Ҳͬ楿
浵úʱˣ¡
ӣǰȷǶ£Ƕܡ




22 
 

uΪ極׽㣬ȻΪ¶˶֧֣ȻңҲǸ楽£Ҳֺþ
Ҫǣ칫ˣ楻ܵͷȻּɡ
ڣȫһ楺䡾Ȼ˾˻칫Ĺǹһ
סеԹޣˣȻҪȥһ£߰գҲȥ
浼αЦϴŵǣ˵ǣô󲡳ֽˣ˵Ҳ̫ˣΪȻҪȥοοˡ
һҵέ˵έ󾪣Ȼ£֪ˣ
΢䣬ˡ
έھΣϼҾȻ⣬չܲܣھ˽дΡȻԸŮȥ
ϻڻкˣŮĻ̹ˣέȥ˵
ȥϻõֻίҵķˡ
º͵Ůӣ䡲һĵ͡
԰գͺŮȥˡ
ԺέȥһǺΪ
ϼˣֶΣǵϼǿⱻõ
ܿ죬ΪȻ칫˵´ˣҶţǰ楾Ǹ廨ͷ㡮Ӣ¡⻹ǰ
룬楱έĹ뷿һȥĻҽá
㣬ͽˣΪּһ˿ڡ
Ҹҩʱãǵÿշҩҩһʱգ޴ˡ
һദ濶uǳۿˣʮֹе򣬲֪Ķͷ᲻̣
ڰֻ֣Ҫú÷ҩӦò̵ġ
濺˿лˡ
һȥ桺ҲΧȥ
ۣ楱õ˿ڣۿת֣Ҳ̫嶯ˣиһҸĸĸҲûչ˺á
楽ֳЦݵĮͷΪҵǣ˵ˣ޴󰭡
áüͷһõĽ㡣
ЦһڡڵˣôΣյʱ㲻أҲ²£ѵǶ￴Ϸ
ãһӵĽãô˵桺Ǳ޹ģ֪ղϲңҲҰ
Ȼ極ã˵ȫȫΪ룬żôΧ㣬ȥ˸ңŹһ㡭
Ȼġ極Ц㣬Ҫ·ˡ
ע⵽ϽЩȥաϻ¶һмЦͷ϶ˡ
ϻþûо̻ζֻǵ㲻ͷϼչܲܡ
»·楱ȥˡ
ϻõȻظգҺͶ綨ԵŵǸ˵緽ȥˣδƥ˶ֽţûҵ֮ˣǶԲס
楲ЦЦԷȻ뺦ңȻ°ѱﲻھΣҲ޹ʱǣȥġ
л¡ϻô˵ţȴ֡
ͨ浾˵ԣѵ
ôţ˱ԺӣѾˣ楳ӭ˹ȥ
ҿ˺楣ֶϻõͷˡ
ʱ滹վڲٿֵˣĿɨǣ׼뿪ͻȻĿһ٣һϤӳ
΢ԭǰˡ




23 
 

һֻ̣ԼѪҺˣսˡ
վȺУһڹУǳڡһϮ°ɫֱ׺ٿʣһ˫۾͸޲
ǳ˺ӣ½ۡ
˶˵񣬿һֻ̣ܿĮʲôʲô£ʹݣԶ嵭º͡
ֻǰıŻһ˿ΪϲΪǳֻӶ
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֪һˣΪǲֵõġ½У楸
˶֪ϲ½ۣˣÿϷˣΪ楻᲻֪߳ܵĿ½ۡ
ȻԸ˵Ǻ½Ʋϵĺʱ
˵ڴ£Ŀ䵽½ϣ½ۼɲüǵȻ֮
ڴҵע£β𣬹˹ǣеĳ¶ɡ
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½ۣţǲ
˻δӦͿջĿ⣬Ц绨䡶ǻظա
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΢Цס
桸ϼҪҲҪյϢ
½۲Ǻ楣˵Ʋϵá
Ŀһֱ׷档Žյ£ӦһҲδʩ½Ϊ˿˵ĹϵŹлǺʧ䡣
뿪ˣҲϼˣѰ˸έȥ
һֱϼҴţ楶δ˵һ֡桾鳬ƿأ齹ꡣ
ƽʻһ·極£浺OҲҳԴš
ͻȻһ˻һζһ¡һᣬ׷׵¡
ôݳģOŭʡ
Ȼ⻰˵꣬ǾҵĻζţϵܵ˾ţŶ㿪
Oſˣ桵ֵ㣬ô졭
δ䣬ͷͺݺݵؿϣҲԽԽ졣
½һֱ棬ļ١
ȥˣʱͻȻһСܵǰ󺰵½ӣȥȾҼա




24 Ӣ۾
 

Сһɤӣ˶֪
½Ҳ֪ȥ˲̫ʣΣյˡۿԽԽԶ˲࣬ݺݳһޣ˻һÿˡ
ܿ죬ȥ
ϵ˸Ͻã±̤
ƿӣ˹
½ǰ档Σձ޷˵ĳȥΪ˲Լ½ҵ
Ȼమαذԧ죬ɴճɾˣҲ½Թһ
˼ˣ楷ӣԳȥ
һߣ½Ѿ׷桵סʱһӴԼڳԯϼݳ
Oǿ־Ǽҡҡ桵֣㣬½ӣˣ½Ǹˡ
ι桿ԯϵӣ򴽲
½۵ȷ鲻ڣǼ޸Ҳǳ˺ˣ½һá
ǣҪĲЩ
Ȼ˵׵޼۱ѵɡԸҪɣҲҪŬȡʺ֮λΪŮˣ½۸Ҫġ
ʺӣֻһӱΪ̫ӣȴƽӹʵУֻоʵǿδȢõԼҪģһҪ취޸
޸Ҫþ֪
İʯ䡣һղһհռžλһƷٵĵŮ޷޸Ǽ޸½۶Ǹˡ
Σգż޸ʺɫһԲ½ۻΪŻˡ
һ֧ӡ½ۼеĻ桵˼
OӦܿ죬ͷϵӵݸ½ۡ
½ӣ㡣Oᡣ
½۽ӹȥЩʧΪʲô桸أ
ţ䣬ֱֱӲ嵽ͷ
ֻ˻ң߸̧һ̣˻ȻֹȻأ
һζһ£Ӷǰȥһ̣ҪȻء
½һĸ߸ּۿ죬桳˳Ȼɿ桹ϡ
½һʧڵϹ˼Ȧܵıס
ܶ˶Χż˵þȣ˿OĺΧ˲뵽һѣ
㣬ҲϵˣȺOǰǾӣллû£½ӳ
˵ţ¿˿Ѱ½ۡ
һ̣¶½ӣ㣬ǡ
½һֱ档ڻڣڵϣſϣͷǰš
˶ˣΪ˵̫ˡ




25 ڲͬ
 

ܷΣʱ̣½ȲѲôġͨԱ˿ţ˶Щ顣
桸ǻҡ
һ£Ǵ½۵ҥԣҪ޸ɾˡ
˼ˣæ½۵Ļǿ򶨣ϻЩȡ
Χ˻࿴۾½ۺӹ໥һ
˵˼ԭлм½۶ڵЩԹˡ
½һʧȥ˽࣬ϻһ̹̹Ϊ˾ȹð¡
ʩһ񣬿鼱֮£˲ࡣߣ½ǽõľˣô㣿
⽫浺Oϣͼ½Ʋϵ
OҲЦŵǰ½ӾǣǸм㻹أôʧ񡣡
½ףˣ¾ͷˡ
΢΢ɬãѾ̸ۼ޵ˣΪ桲ͬȥףǰҪװϤģѵֻΪģ桵ĵȫǶģǼȻô˵Ҳֻܵȡ
һ̸һ̸楱پҪΪ桵¡
ʱ楿Oֵãˡ˴ŴҩأȥͿһͿաҡ
Цա
OסѪ֣˵Ƕ˼ʵ⣬ˣСˣлҡ
º͵ЦЦֻǵˣֻίǺǼһ
Ѳֻ桻ڴǰҲᡣ
ٺ˭ޡOίίȻֶ浵㣬Ҳһȥգûˡ
楣еĻɣá
Ŀ½ϣûһ˿һİĽֻǵЦ½Ӿ˶ã楲ʤмȥ󶨻ʵ֪ĸͶл½ҡ
½۲楶̬ת֮죬ֵ֮Ͱˣؿ
ôǾ֮أ½ȣÿɲôˡ½໤ס㣬ʹ𡣡
˵ʱ½۲O浣档½۶桻ڲͬ
楻İʾŭȼաʶֺ½Щ룬½Ǹĵش֮ˣһȻ鴫½ӵĴ£ûձԵл
½¿ɬֻܵá
ƺ˵ЩʲôҵĲɣ½۸ȥˡ
½Ⱥۿˡ
桿ŶĿ楣졣
ԽԽԾö˶˵ģôƫ£ɣѾ֪˻칫йأԾԱ֮ʩ
һ˵һЩǶǵĻ˻½۵Ĺϵֱǿɶ
һ˲Ȼѣԣε֪½۵£




26 
 

Ŵ£һ·桶ЩĲɣεĺܺãҲûʲô
صңȻҪȥȰø̫밲Ϻ˽϶ڡ
ֺõĸǰҲЩ档˴ȰãۺᣬίӣĸĸףŮˡ
ϰɴԶ׼
̫Ƥһô£
ôʵģ۾ȴǿ浺桡
ʶ極ķȥȴеվһԣŭʢѾȷ£һѲ˸ϵû֤ݣֻ
ѹͷȥ˵̫ˡ
̫ע⵽楶ǰͷڵŵĵط¶ɴһǡ
֣楹ȥĿۡ
˵ԼŮһͬʣ楱ϾµĺӣСС;û˸ĸʵϧҲƫЩ
ʱһҲ죬˵̫˻Уĸ
̫˸ͷɫ࣬ҵôչ˹ģȻô£
æĸⲻ칫ҪѧҲܾܾ
ѽ̫˷˷ͷ۲ۣ
極ͷ
̫֣´λҲҳܡԼҪģǲǹѵ»ʼҲ˾Ҫ˳ɣ
ⲻţһ²һ
̫ЦЦֵǺʱѧģ˵ţʶ䡣׼䡶Ϊ˺㿪˽ġ
䡾޹˭ÿ׽أֻܱںڹԹϴ
̫˹ξ»칫ҲйԺٴˡ
ҲˡԹĿһ楡
Ŀ㿪һװû
̫˲ģַԸ̫ҽΣ˳濿
ѾͷΣһᣬ̫濡
Ƥˣ󼸴ҩͺˡ̫Ը楣Ҳ̫ǰ
Ǽʻеġ
ԭ˼ָмƼ̫˵̬ȣֻʣºˡ
ҵŮΪ̫۰楶ѵΪ
ʵҵŮ˳̬ȲһڳԴö϶һģСһһѧأûжٲ𡣿濻ǲ㣬̫ƫģƲ
ѲҪĸŮһ⣬ѵóͿĺ͵ճȫͬˣϵŮʲô͸֪ˡ
̫˵һĳȻȥ²һС˼Ůƣ˵µ¡
Ȼ½ӾҵˣۼȻװ֪顣̫˶ϵӶŮҶˣҿлȥ½ҵлʡ
ûʲô飬ܴңǺܴء
ĸ˵ǣһҾ׼л񡣡
ûе̫ãһʹлȥ½ˡ½˿Ϳӭȥϱʾһлͻˡ
ȻⲢʲô˽ܵ£Ȼв˿Ҳ²õȥ½лġ
ĵĻ桺½۵£˵Ͽ桵ĸףԵţݵǲ롣
˺Ҵ⣬ڶվǵԾʹķз
һʼ½Ϊ֣Ӣ۾Ȼݱã½۲ȣ




27 
 

桶ĴԵǲģϼȥ˱̺Ժһֻžͷʵ
վԣĸףôˣ
߽ϣ㵹ǻ˼Ĵ˵б۵ģڶſǵЦء
Ѿ߷ϲ裬ĸףǺ£ż
˼Ȳ裬յظ滨ľϣ˶˵½ãŶȣ㣬ȷ£
ɫһףĸôôʣ
һıֻʲô׵أȻվ桶Ϳ˶֪ˣ˵ãʵǰͨ㱳Ժμ޸˼ң
ҧŴǰĸףġ֮ǰȷ½Щ飬Դ¾ļ޸;˶ϣһֱҲ˵
ȴǲţҡҡͷ桶ģ˼ˡ˶ϣһ˵ˣûУѵΪ
˼桳׻ˣҳϣһֱĺأ޵ڶ֪ҺĹϵôͻȻ˴ķзһ˺ҡ˵˴һ𣬡ˣһ楣һƵģƻҵĹҼ޸һ
ۣڱҾĲ
ǰĸףһҪŮ𰡡
ϽȻҪģҪǽ½۵¡
ĳϵӣĸף鵽زҸô죬Ҳ޸½ۣҪ޸
Ц㻹޸ΪĴԻʼߣûн£ҲδԸȢ㡣
ϵĻͬһˮˡ
ǰûнĴԣƾֻǸƷٵĵŮԾûκΰҲȢġ
ܣҵ·ܻƲ
ֱ׳߱˵ĶĿࡣȴΪȻЦЦ󷿵һȻҪΪǵģ桶˽һϷܴǲʵ㶼޲ɾˡ
ʧҲġ
Ҳ޷ɫ࣬㴳ĻȻҪе½۶һƬ飬Ż޹ȥҲһܹúܺá
桵һĸף˼ǡ
Ȼֵô󣬱ֻܽ½۵¶ˣҲˣǸüˡ춨ֻ»ᵢ
ǰ½۶ףһӴԵŮ˭ԸȢأѲҪ޵С˼ȥ
վ̲סˣĸףŮԸ⡣
ϸᣬȻ½۶һƬŴ±ضᾡ½ǰףҵŰգڸȥȰĸ˵˵ˡ




28 Ȣ
 

˴ȰãϾͽ½ۺ桵˵ˣȴһҧ桺½۴δй˽顣
ĸף½ӺľˣƫƫЩ˴ӣһкö˼ˣαҲáϵһ桶޹˹Ժô죿
̫ȻˣǾ壬֪飬ֻò𴩰ˡ
˵ô죿
ӣΪѵΪҺ桶ֻ桶޸½ˡ
̫֮յڰϣв𣿡
ϸϽϱҡ桶Ҳ޹ۣôһپ٣һĸ׾㲻Ϊ桶룬ҲΪλ롣浶桶󼸸£Ҳ˵ˡ
̫Ȼ֪лԹ桺½۰
ȻѾ뷨Ǳ㰴˵ȥա½ǸƷԴƵ˾ӣĴԾ͸Ȣǡ
Ϻ桶½ۺģ̫ﲻӰˡ
ϵĸ˵ǣҲֻܵȵȿ
޵Ǿ½۲·ˣž޲ɾҲһܼ޽½ӷˡ
һȥˣ½ûһ㶯ֹȥ죬½һû׵˼Ϻ桿ʼˡ
桵㲻˵ν½ץΪڻδף
ͬĻңҡҲ֪
δɹ½۶ĳģҲûˡ
ⲽһӵѲɻҪ£˺Ҳ̫ˡ
һ뷨û˵Ǿ½ҸûȢ桹š
ǲţű桵ôõ½ۻ桡
桵ˮдתĸף½ĲԸ½ȢңҸô죿
Ѿʧȥ˼޸Ļᣬʧȥ޽½ҵĻˡƽĶۣ˻ף޸½Ǻ֮ܶѡܴʧ
ɫ˼Ƭ̵Ȼ½˲ֻˡȻԸ˵īȾҵȥ½ң½ˣ͡
ĸףеͨ𣿡ü
һ԰ա
ȻǵעҪˡ
īȾ˻ˣ½˲δū澣ֻ˸Ѿߴ˵Ӳʣ˳
ʲôһӽյɨڵء




29 Ե
 

ܣ桲ţ½أ
ĬȻū˺澴ǶĪտڲԣҲū澵ӣѾôˡ
ϳ½۵⣬Ǳһֿܣ½۱½ү½˿ˣ㡣
桱˱۾һ½˲ԸȢҡ
֮ǰδ޸½ֻۣס½һ˱á޸ó˺򸾵ͬ⡣ĸ֮ý֮ԣֻס½۵кãû½˵׿ԶҲ޽˺š
һһãе·Ȼ֪½˲ͬ£Ÿң
ҧСˣǳԴҩˣǲһӻˣΪҪԣ
ĸףȲΪʲô仯ôڸô죿ѵҪ޵С˼𣿡
̾Ȼ᲻õģҵŮòѣͨٻ˼ҵô㣿
ؼǣôŮΪĴҹ㣬Ϊ˽߼ޣΪҶ档߼޲ɣ񲻿ϧ
Ϊֻܻȥ½ˡ
˺
½˾ȡŭݣһ㲡̬
½żĸףѾղԲȣԺôãҲܲ˰ա
½˵ۣǷŭҲԷģģԼΪһŮӺԣﻹûĸףô꣬һ治ТĶԼвǣն鶼ȥˣ
½Ȼϲ档Ϊ½ۻǼȰĸףãȽᣬͳȫǰա
½˻ȻߵſڣŴͷڵϵ½ۣЦ㲻˵Ҳˡ˵ĵǺʲôãڸĸ֪£Ů˽ܣ½ҾһΪŮӽӷˣһƷٵŮ½Ҷϱֱǳ롣
ۣȰú룬ƭˣ֪ʸ֦ӽ㹴㣿žã¾ʹǶǣ˵ͨҿЩ˴ȥģĿľǱ½ӭȢšССͣĻ֮Ķϱҿܲ𣡡
½촽ɺԣ̲סΪ桱⣬ĸף˽Դׯ磬ĸ˵ˡ
½Ц桻б£鶼ֵزˣ㻹ǶأŲɣȻǸĻĺ꾫ˣҾ͸ˣİա
ĸףҪȶ𣿡
½˵ұ㣿㿴ˣڶҺ㸸ơҸ㣬ȢѲҪΪһŮӣĸף
򲻸ҡ½ֻܵͷ
½׿ƷԲ̸ֻݣ䲻㡣ΪҲ֪ӪһŮΪʲôΪݲòŮͷΪԼ̧ۣȻʸ֦ҪȢҵŮֻ楡ŮϿݣ桿ɱȵģֻǹǸɵģöŮռ˷ͷ
楣楣½סȭͷĸףٸ߹󣬶ҲȢҪҰҵĻ¡
½Ҳǰĸס楾һ廨ͷôҴɩ
½ЦЦϲϲҲ⣬ҲǿȢһҪסԶ½ӷ˵Ĵѡϡ
ȥǰ棬ˣҶ岻ʣصع̽
Ĳ½˷ЦˣȽӴȥ˽




30 
 

ܿ죬Ͼͱˡ
½һЦ⣬վǳëˣͷһˡ
һأ׵λá½ƣûˡЦҶ໥ʶȻ֪ˣûв̽ĵ
½Ѿϲ裬˿ˣǵһ̽أͷǹš
϶Ų裬ô桺½۵Ļ˵ڡ
½Ȼ֪˼ЦȴЦǽ³˳ζΣ˶ֵ֪ն˵ݣҶȻǲȱģȨҸ档
Ųյɬ˵Цˡ
ͬǺķˣ˺Ͷˣһ֮Զ
˵Цһᣬ½ûµ˼ϼյ¶ǣûûζġ
ôυ˿ڲ裬״
½˵⺢ѣƲסģ֪ȥˡ
Цŵ楶桶ùϵһ򲻴òˣǰ桶߶ʲôʱȥһء
½˵ҲͰˣһ浽һȥӳֻ֪»ŵǵᷳ
ϰ½˽ƻϺЦô᣿½棬˭˲ϲ桶ô̫ᷳǫˡ˵Ľ˵ĺøиŮλҲӣǵ²ż汸ﾩǡJһͺˡ
½֪ǱоģǱάиˡЦҴӲŻڣ
˵ҲǺЦҾλӣJװռһճ֣ȴϮˣΡ
ڵĲſҲ֪ļҹиܼ޽ӷˡЦƵĵʵЩ
ϵİʾѾˣ½˾Ƶġ
ĦŲյϵĻƣӵҲˣ۵Ļ±ضҪúáȢĲֻӣδĺˣׯܳеΣҪŵԡ
˵ŵԡĸ֣½Цһۡ
ϻһݣ½װ׵ľܾ
úб˴һƣϻۣɫѿ
Ĭã̲סĴԣ˶˵˰գ桶͡
˷ġ½ЦŴ֪֪ʶôڳǰ˽ܡͨأۣҶӣܱ֤Ҳ˷ס֮¡룬һ˹ɢҥԣһжᡣ




31 ָɣ
 

һҭޱ޼ʵŭӿ½˷ƲŮ
˵ᣬôʵ˽ܡͨΪ졣
˳½˵Ļ˵ᣬô桾ͼ޲½ˡ
½Ц̣㼸仰Ͷ·ֱ̫
½һۣ֪ʲôֻǴȲ衣
Ϊˣô궼һֱϹܼңΪʾãάԼݣΪŮĺܸ߹Ŀϸ֦ˡ˽˭֪䡵ģܼĸݴˣ̫˰֮󣬶ҪȥǸƷٵޣҲ֪ʲô
Ͼѹͷŭ𣬵˵壬ɶŮ˵Ҫˡ£桶ÿ찵ԴᣬĿҲۡ
һ㣬Ȼ뵽ˡ½ЦͬΪŮˣ᲻֪Ҫԣһ£Ҳ㡣ʹˣǸóɻˣҴʱٰһᣬʱ˹½ͣȻҲ԰࿴࿴ʱһߴңۺ֮װףӲʶ֮ԾΪϲе¡컻Σգһȡۻ¶ҥȻǲơ
ԣףûһתˡ
½档游ĸԸ
ϸɰͰͼ֣ˣҾͷˡ
ҪһǣһѾ߽棬ˣӻˣǿЩˡ
½˺һ涫䣬ʲôʱһĶ飬ʡЩ˶ֵ˭ˣ
ѾߵūߵС˰£ԭڻظ·ϣһﱻС۸Ӻľָӣȴ˵ӾĶˣҪΪūΪԱϳӣſЦءڰ»飬ǸӲл
½ЦЦȻ¡Ҷǵ֪мԱΪ½ҡ֪г㣬һʼͲþİˣԼǳ鷳αء
Ͼ½ָɣָ桺Ǹ½ҵŮһ
ͻȻձҲȥˡ½лһᣬҽڳˡ
½˿ԶȥıӰЦһ䣬Щſںߵİգ
Цūʵڿˣű˸£ס
½Ц㵹ǻ飬Ĳ
ƲƲ죬ӣҶĹûˣ֪мҲͰˣû޸ӣʵ̫
̫޳ˡ
ԣ½Ҿ˽ס½ȥӡ
ϻصң½˵Ļ˵档桴¡
ĸŮֽ楽˼ٱ顣

極֪飬һЦһǣǵĵ䡶Ϊʲôĺúõġ䡶ûˣλڶϣô桾ǳŮҲͲᱻ½ˡ
ЦһƹͶӣߴ󷿵Ķȴƫƫֱ˲ʲô




32 
 

ż޼֦Щ˾˵Ķţʱ䳤˾;ԼˣԼ̰ᣬֱ˲ȡ
ҵѾϮˣٵǻô
Цλɲ׷ֵˣο½ôӣܶԸ½ˣֻܽڶйϣὫһйڶûоλưգ֪Ҫֳʲô۶ء
ҵݹһյ裬Ǹô죿
楷¼ӣЦˮڣҵҪҪʹʲô
˵Ż̫ܿҲ֪½ίܻһ£Դˣ̫˺ԤϵˣûоûзŭֻȥһʱպúڸϢ˼롣
֮⣬½Ҳȥμˡ
½ỹδȴӭλˣ̫ϵˡ
һ磬̫˾˽ϵĹﶼȥˡ
λһ𣬳ǿջЦ༸λЦ̵ģһȥߡ
OúĹϵԽҪˣԭǺϵ׽ء
ƳһۣЦ⻰ʲô˼ϵĽöһˣѲɻҪԶɣ
O֪Ͳˣкڡ
úʲôҿɲ˼
濺ķ˸ۣ˼ʲô
ҡO̲࣬ס粵
ȴקקӣã˵գܿ͵Ȱˣ滹пˣ˻ЦģĸҲ᲻˵ġ
仰Oֻܱ졣
һû˵Ц
浿ǰЯӰƺΪпЦ̾׶ǵճĹǰϵãҲһЦ𡣡
OӣЦ˵˵ȥƲǣ
浲ͬñô˵òˡ
һȥ̫˾¶ϲǵı
һȥͿ̫һ긾ˣüĿơվһӣݿ㣬ţһ˫۾Ĺ
̫˵Ļһڽöȥ˺Ѻͼ
ãӰá
ѺͿôŮ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ̵ͷ񣬡λﰲá
̫˼˺ǸˣָѺ͵ֶԺԱƾͺá
Ц˼ôŮò绨Ľ˵ţߵѾʹ˸ɫμ棬Ҳû׼ʲôЩ͵գǿһҪ¡
Ƕ̫ˡ
̫ЦǱֲˣȻҪǵģ¾ǡ
Цл




33 
 

Ѻʹ˴ϾΪ˶飬Ϊ˽ǡҵĵλΪѺѧʵˡ
̫˵ѺĸպãJͲҲҪμӽǣһ෽㣬ʶѣ໥ֺ̽д衣
иˣЦֻѺѧʶǳʱڴǰЦ󷽡
̫ЦǺǵǰǫʲôѺѧһ֪
˿ԼҶһۣڴЦС˼Ǳ˼ʶˣЦˡ
һӳȫŮӣѺЩнй͵͵һĨΡ
㣬Ѿ߽ϷˣӶӹˡ
̫Цǽ
Ѻ˿еڶˡ
䣬J䡾ƿӽˣȸ̫밲˼ֺ˱ܱ磬໥
JѺͶǶˣüĿ㣬ţϸһԱȲŻ֣ᷢJвƺ;ѺֻǸ˼
Jһֱǹؾءһģ뼸˼ȥȥ̫ˡ
̫Ӹͷ飬ֵˣͷ󺹵ġ
ϴϼҾٰᣬһЩ飬ö˶ûˣϵļλһͬȥϼѰ϶ˡ̫ĥŲߣĸҪ㡣
̫˵ĶͷѽÿҾ֪˵ĶȻʲô£ҲŲҪ
ѽĸ˵һ˵ա
楳˼Ƭ̣Ҫ˵ʲôˡ䡶ûĸںͱ˵Щ˵
ЦСӼңµġ
̸һᣬ̫˵ﶼǹҲȳȥա
˶ɴ⣬ˡ
һʱ󣬻ص楾˽䡽йˡ
һ˵գʲô
ֺõЦƽ˵ģֲʲô£ֻЩĸͷͬˡ
̧ͷƳһۣ֪ĸͬ𣿲ֻĸҺʹ㶼ͬ⡣
ԴҲ뿿ųϮλΰٻ
極Ϊи׵ǰ֮ĸŲȥðա
ҲӵһӹӹµµĹһӡ䡿۾֪㵣ʲôһСĵģѾˡ
ǡ
楻Ҫ˵ʲôʱҽ칫ˡ




34 л
 

Ϊ칫ȻȥȰðݼ̫ˣҲصֱͨӽ󡣶ңΪuĹϵǰ極ĹϵҲ˵ˣǲ֡
칫ŷɫϺõƽɡɫЬǶŷɫ飬Ĳһһġڷ纳ɱµķ٣羫µĹΣ浭ǽοˡ
楺䡸񣬻칫ıܽ˿極Ķͷе㣬˶𣿡
ЦЦͷǹңЩС˰ˣѾˡ
赭дЩˣ˽ﻹЩԹĹģǰݣ˵ʲôֻǶƵıȥ
칫¶𣬡ջصĸͶҲһأ˼ڵȵĸҳҲл㣬֣Ǹ
ùͷ˵䱧ǸѾܺˣȻ̫ࡣЦºͣˣ±Ǹ⣬ǸߣѾˣҩĺôܹ﹫أ
Ǿͺá칫Ŀһ䡣ɫ΢죬ҪٴлСүңûˡ
ûٷ༥֮Ͱˣ֦Ҷݲκʧ
칫ΣҪллСүһл㡣
䡵Ѿ͹лˣء
δ˵꣬칫ͼⲻһ
ü
ƺܾ칫ӻ֣Ů̧һѽֱӽ䡣ܾ
ҴӶģϲϰ䣬ʲˡ칫Щ
ϧȴעⲻЩϽͻȥµıȻѵõƷҲܶ
ŮӣŻ칫
칫ǶͬġҺòҪģôܲҪء

䡻Ҫ˵ʲôȴ䡶ǹǧټѰı°աùûȥ˿Ҳá
칫ͷǾǣ°ա
䡾Ϊ֣سƬ̻ˡ
칫Ļϲȴ㣬һ£ȳˡ
Цȥգдͺˡ
ϣһᣬ޲뿪Ի칫ʩһ͸ˡ




35 仨
 

һֱ䡵ıӰʧ칫ſڿЦȥȱա
칫ŻعЩʧ񣬡á
ˣ楻ʲô׵أλˡϧ仨⣬ˮ飬Բϲ칫Щᷳ
ǵǰ칫޵˸ңͰֺĶӸԣΪޣͶϣôϲأ׷˺ܶ
칫˵Ż￴￴ﰵｫֻװ֪˼ʵ˵һЩ
칫Ÿ㣬ϵͻȻָһǱߵףﻹ˸ǧأҲϲǧ
ȥЦЩǰǰмģϲǧ档
󣬺ûˣһλû
ҿȥһ𣿡칫գգ۾
ȻԡЦ
칫ȹǣɿܹȥˣŮæȥ
칫˵ż⣬ǧȥƵЦ
㣬ǧͣ£ŮȥΪ칫״ǧСү𣿡
ף䡶ģֲһǧȨǽˡ
칫ץűĽʵʵӣһЦСүá
΢Ц¶ԹҲܺá
칫ƲƲ죬ûأǰѵҲġ
ôҲΪ˹á
칫һȻ֪ģͲˡ
ʵ칫齿ЩǸֱܵʵˣֻ䡲ʣֻܹƬˡ
ܿ͵½һգϸλȻҪȥġֻ½չȥûã½־ٰᣬδ̫ƵЩ
½ǶˣһҪΪ½Ȣޣ˵롣
Ϊͷ½ĸТΥ½˵ԸֻעҪˡ
վ˵Ķͷֻӡ
Ϊù£Цǰôùڱ½ӣҲΪ˿ū澿ҲˡǰǲúΪԼڵŮǽûļƻ׷ˣ˵ǻף½Ҳȥ
½Ǹˣ㲻ΪҲ桽½Ҵš極һЦŮ˿Ů˵۹׼ˣ½˻棬Ϳ͸桵ıˡ
ҵֻϧ½񲻺ãһֱǸŹء




36 ɪ
 

½ҲǸˣʵ極ֻϧ޷ȥμˡ
桺½۵´ķз½˿ûн׵˼ȥ½ҲμֻЦƲˡ
ʵô£ֻ֪ǸЩӣò𴩰ˡ
һ·ƽȣܿ͵˳˺
պu󻹸ѾߺﻳﱧһСŮuŮ
㡣ҽöuк
ߵǰѩɰС˶ϵ𣿡
ֱۣĽš̡
Цÿء
楽˹ȥЦ
ʹ𣿡楱߱ߵ
uЦᣬǵҺġ
һᣬЩˡ״㱧˹ȥ˺档
uֱۣ㣬𣿡
uһ㶣ɫ΢죬ΪͻȻôʣ
ǣǰ浺u֪飬ô֪֪飬ûĬ
uĻ£ȶԶŵʱ򣬻ʵ۴µģͥ⡣ҲɪĶţuҲܺãҲϱ
ǺΪҪݸu˲롣
ΪˣҾλ˶ϣּ޸˾Ըûˣuﲻˣ뺦楣ѡһŮȡu֮λ
䡻ûλǴ󷿵ģĿǰΪֹu⡣
۽ΣǰuȷиƲ楾Բԭ浡븶ۡ
浣ͬuuеӣʱʱ˸г˼ʡ
楻uֱۣҾǹĴ㲻ôСҰգ
uû취˵Ķͷİգ´Һܺá
òã
uÿ¹̶ȥ밲Һܼȷ˺ܺƣδΪѹҡ
Ȼﰵߴµճӡ
Ϊżӣֻǹ֪ˡ
極һЦϷ
uЦŵʲô
極֪磬Ȼ鴫
O˴濵֣ЦһϵǺܺ𣬵һͲˣҲûжϰգ
֪䣬ⲻ磬רڶŪȻСǷֵ˭ģץ濵ָš
uѾߣȻʶ濵ġһOЦǽϲ߹ء




37 ҵŮ
 

ЦеɰĹ˭˲ϲأЩˣһӻˮŸҲʹ졣
Oָɣﲻʹ죬ûס˵˭أ
бһۣԾЦӯӯģҵ˵˭˭ûָյ˵㣬ʲô
OһҭЦȻǲżģֻˡ
濻عͷȥͲˡ
OҿûȤ£ֻҡ
һҲֲġǵշǳҲ֪ĵ˵ⷬ
һ䡮ǵշǳOʹOһȻŮǰʴʣ
OӳŭˣȻò飬͵û˵ٹܲ죬һ촳´ɱû㡣
濰˸ۣѡ
OԶȥıӰüֺαغƽ˽üĺ
ͣȿʹã䣬ľ⸱αģȻҪúô̴Ҳǣ֪˵ңǰȡ
uⷬڶУЦӣҵϲҲҪʵЩԺ˭Ȣ㣿
ɫ΢죬ҡһСأͻȻ˵Щ
Цû뵽Ҳкߵʱϡ氡
գ߹ȥҪס極죬ʲôʱҲѧˣ
楶㿪СЦ˵ʵѽ
OЦ֣ӣ浵㣬˰գڿԽһͬʣʵϻƫĵճĽãǰǵĺãװİˣԽͷؤʩһ㣬õôǣǶж£α
üͷᣬãˣ˵ˡ
OԲߵȻģöŲɡ
浴δм浣Խȴu޸мּʵȰ˵O˼䣬Oûȥ
Ϊů羰ã԰ٰġ
νᣬʵҲᣬԲٷ˶ԼŮͶˡ
˿u׷׼񣬻ຮѼ䣬楺ٲһٿޡ
楱ŵʱ򣬲档
һᣬ濾Щͷˣ¿Ľ㡢㣬ǱߵĻãȥա
Щ⶯uһۡ
uЦȥգⲻԼңҪܡ
極֣Цлл㡣
䣬ЦŮ
楽Ųһ٣һͷһɫŮӳϹǳЦ⡣
ǰֺŮ




38 Ыĳ
 

u񡣡
ע⵽楣΢ЦҲڡ
΢Цף½һͬǰȻҪﲻҲ𣿡
ɫƽûбֳΪ½۶Եɡ
Цͣ˵ǣ½ҵᣬȻǲȱϯתֿﻳû뵽С
uûнӻЦůСҲЩˣСɢɢġ
ĿϣֻǵͷָҲ񷽲ſ楺һġ
ҲδСˣղСԽѩɰȻһǸءűҲǳ谮Сʵۡ
еıˡ
ǺƽȴЩͬɫĹ۲Ÿ
uȴûʲôֵģЦµȷϲ
ƺˣЦˣuuﻳнӹȥһӱ楲ˡ
˿˾ͶĽĿ⡣
ǰΪҵճŮñʥּͻ飬޸˱º͵޶ڻиɰŮ˭Ľġ
һ˲䣬һ˿âתʧˣЦźΧ˵ˡ
ϸ΢ı飬楶ϷŹȻķӦ۵ףһ˫ס
ԭʱ򣬸˺u˼ˡ
ΪʲôѵΪϲȢu
ˣ̫˽̫ˡ˵Ķֶκ˾ΪУôЫĳ֮ˣ
㡣極ӣ㿴ʲôأ
楻عȥǱ߰ա
½楲ǰôƭˣûǰ֡úίߣ徲
ԭֻͥͷ羰ͻȻǰһӰһײϡ
һ£Һ߸Ͻס
üѾͷô·ģôððʧʧģ
Ůæ¿ͷƹū澣ū֪ˡ
ҡҡͷˣȥգԺСЩ
Ůǵͷмˡ
濵ѾͷҲ̫ûˣҲ˵Ƣõģܵ𷣡㣬û°գ
ЦǱײһ£ʲô£ѾߵҲףαǼƽϣ
̫ˣǰɲ͵ġ
ЦһΣ֪͵ȷâ¶Ҫúܶࡣ
һᣬ楽Ҫ£ȥ
濵ҪҪȥ
ЦеĵֽţЦ鷳Ľͻǡ
˱𴦣ͣ½Ųֽչɫ΢͡
ǷǸŮ𣿡




39 һںڹ
 

µأҪҪȥҿֽдһص㡣
楽ֽϵַ˼飬ּЩϤһʱ벻ˡ
楷Ҿ
˵ʲô˼ת
ҵҪȥ𣿡
楽ֽȥ١ݵȻ˼ҷѾ˼Ϣңǲȥǹ˶Է⣿
Ǿϲ֮µأ
һЦҪңֹֻһ׮£Ƕ㲻ģȥ
ҵū澺͹һȥһΣջɱ
ʵϣˣ֮˲뺦楣楿һϷ
һƫƧ֮أľïʢӳճӰӰ´µӰӡ
ͶӰô֮˽
Ŀ࣬˷½ۺ档
桲ǳƲΪλڴ˴½Ļ᣿
Ŀ楣˸ƣǰһ˫ӰǵĶԻ
ƺˣίۣԺǻǲҪټˣҶãӽ󣬾͵͵Ǵδʶա
½ײ桶֪ҶģΪ˵ֻ
桵Ҫô֪½˺½үȢҵģ𣿼ˣֺαپҵѾˣȫǵ˶Цң˭֪½˿ҪΪޣʱһҪǰ𣿽Ǻ˶ϵģӽŹ··͵Ӳʶ
˵ţתߡ
桶½һס󣬡Ǻò׵ȱߡ
½ӣſ
Ҳţ˵ҷ㲻Ȣֻһˡ
أΥĸ֮𣿡
½Ĭã桶ٸЩʱ䡭
ûõġۣҷҳŮҲûһϮ׵ܵܣûһ׽㣬ûпź̫ϲ½ζȢҵģôŬȲáһֱĽ㣬㲻ǲ֪ģһֱǵ顣ںˣ½һ⣬ҲǵóԸˡϾãһҪƴ
½üö˶˵Ϊֳ楣ҴδϲôȢѵ˵ʲôģ
楣
ôһںڹ




40 Ĳ
 

ûлشŴ¶һһһε԰׵պͼɵ°ͣ峿Ļ䣬˳ϧ
˵½۾͵Ĭˡһ̫˽ŮӣҾԲȢ
˵½𣿡ͷ
½İգĸ˵ˣȢһֻһԸ㲻Ļ
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桴Ө͸մ۽ϣҲ֪
½֣Ҹĸϲ極ĳǴ󾰳߹ŮӲƷвãĸ׺һͻ֪޽½ңĸײͬ⣬̫ͱҲܱȡ
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ֻЩû֮񷨣Ϊ˻ʵ˶ūŻûȨѹͻ顣
ǡ
㲻ص楣޲½ġ½ն
ﰧ楼޲½ңҲ޷޸½۰
ԭ楱һ½ۣϽ취»£˭֪½ۻô˵
½һϿң桶Ҷؿɼ
δ˵꣬˦֣ؿɼкãվѲˡТ֡˶ٹŮ֪˼½ҽף˵ЩúЦ½ӣĿԣӦҵҲ㣬߰ա
½ۻúȰȰʱڲԶ˹ӣǸûȥˣʱҲˣǱ˷˾Ͳˡ
½޷ֻܵҳŵԶǣһʱ䡣ҲȢ楣಻ȢˡΪ֮ƣ취Ӹĸ׸Ҷ֮£ĵһʱա
ӡֵߴ١
½ᣬ߱ߵҲܾȻȥˣһҪҡ
½һߣĽϵˤˣһҵʯͷϣֻһ죬Ϊꡣ
楣Ʋ
һ۵ϵıӣҲûظˣǱ˷Ҫ⵽ˡ
桷߷ȻǸˣˣôҾ˳ĶԶŮ½ôƲңôΪȫǵЦ
һԲţ˵ÿЦµȻΪ䵽ز楺ģô˵Ķأ
ˣѪԵףȴ˵ֻĲ˵ľǶˡ
ĻǸϢ˵˭ǳʲôĿ




41 
 

صϣʵ㣬ȥδˣôڲŻ
Цʱ˻칫̸ܾܾܲ
˵ܲٲܲٵ칫ǰһ첽˹
»칫ȿڵôˣҼǵù͸һġ
칫ĹҶϤһһҪôֺãҪôнû˼ǺһڣҾѰˡ
Цı㣬˵𣿡
칫ЦЦǱãҾǺͶԵǶׯֵĴҹ㣬ύҲǶʵദǣС浽һȥҲ˭
ԣ¶ݡ
칫˵ЩΪ˽ӽ䡵ԭڣҲʵøһ
֮ǰΪǰ͸u£Զǲ̫ˣϾu޹ء
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Ϊǰ£˼ңԽ̫ˡʵ̫˼廹𣿡
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ЦҲ˵̫󡣡
ˣɾһʶ̫ǱϿô򵥣ĳ谮Ҳ
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룬˵Ǽٵġô̫̫ôôĮ
ɢ½˿ϸ֣ѡ׸½Ȣļҹá
ȥ϶á߹ʶׯУʵһĸһʺԺ͹ˡֻҲ̫ˣ˼Ҳ¼ޡ
ЦǼҴҲһ˲ţԶ䲻϶ˣ
½̾һ˵ҲԣֻϼұϾǻʺĸ壬ܸڵۺǰ·ǡ
ֵʲôѵģȥϼ̽̽ڷ磬ϼͬ⣬ٽʺܵñ´ͻ飬һҫ鹵ĺ¡
½˿ϻõ֣ЦҲգүҾͺ¡
½˻ϲϲΪ½۵Ļ׼˺һȥ˽й˵˴¡
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½ЦݽסΪΣٹһҪڣΪβȢޣǺӣճɻΪ½ҿ֦ɢҶ𣿡
˺ЩķңȻĸ֮ý֮ԣҲҪԸ۲Ըɻ飬ǿȢޣǺ˼ҵŮ˳ΪһԹżô
½˲Ȼɫ½£֮ǰ˵ģôӹ͸⣿˶٣Ȼ򣬡ѵ̫˼£Ҿ֪㡪
ˣ˺ϣЩĻңֺ˵ʲô
½Ц½£浱ɵôȥˣҲ˵Ϊάһ˵ĺΪҲ֪




42 
 

˺ƺԸٺҪȥ
½ȴǰüԣҺҺ̫ﲻ𣿴ҶҪӵˣѵһһ𣿡
㵽Ҫʲô˺ƺ޿κΣϡ
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ֻǲۡ˺Ϊ½ӣԼ
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˺޻˵ֻǳĬ
½ֵ㻹˵̫˼ҾˣΪһĸףӵĻ¾ȻҪһ˵ƾʲô̫ҲֳӼҵĻ£
˺ͳ⣬ȻԼңҲ̫󡣡
½ŭЦΣҵʱ£֪֪̫ôΪӣҲܱ˼ҵļȢ֮£̫󱾸ڹ꣬ΪҪ£
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ƫҪܡ½˵ǳ˺ˣ½Ҽ˳ġֺľˣҶӵĻ顣
˺ˣ޲öס죬ֺ
ô˶֪ˣ㻹𣿺ү鲻ڣڹô껹Ƕƴӡ½һһֵ½£֪Щ¶ҹжǣΪνķ޺ˡڣҶӵĻ£޿̡һֱҲҪάΪ˵ϣ
½˼ɫ˺ǵһμˣѵ˼Ρ
ǳˣ㻹ЩʲôǴȥ½ҶӰ죬Ϊ½ˣҲܵǣ
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½ֵ˵գ̫Ϊۿļҹ㣬𣿡
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αأ˺üͷ
½ԳһЦǰûҽ׵ģ̫һ˵ͬˡȻʮˣһǱȲеĵλȻôϲΪҪȢңȢһƬ鰡
ˡ˺̾Ϣ
½˽ᶪǰҵŮܼ޽½ҡľ˲ˣҽһƴҡ




43 ֻ·
 

˺½˵ִȻ֪һ˶Զ
̫ص楾ȥ桵Ϣ֪һֱڸϡ
Ϊ˳¶ˡ桶½˵Ƿ׶Ȼ֪޼ɵˮֲ½ᷳ½Ӷ˵˹ﲻٻ
楽еֽóóˡŻ罫ֽɣ̾һǰһֱˡ
ǰһһڱǰһˣŪֶΡǣȫģȫġ
ʱ䵯ָת۾͵ĺ仨ʱڡ
ҴЦԽůλﶼȥ԰ˣֻйﻹƵס
楽£ߵſڡһ̧ۣͿտգһƬƬƮţůЩۡ
۾ȷǸóȥˣأ
Ϊ䣬˵仨ʱڣϽЩ꣬öء
楴ЬžµĻ֦ССķɫĽŲһһģԵ˲١
Ƭ̺԰۴ǼøߴʯĻļΪʢѤƲʣӭչ深ӳʹݶ˼ֺΡ
̾Ư
ߵ£̧һ֦΢΢һЦǰĺƯ
ҽһ֦ʯ񻨲嵽ͷϣЦ͸Ưˡ
楽ժðѾͷǷˣȻȡ֡
˵ţҪ
ЦŶ㿪ū澴ˣūҲˣ׷ˡ
С׷ˡ
˵ţԼҲЦ
ͣ½Ųôʱˣū澻ǵһμأԴӹﲡ֮ū澾ҲûЦˡ
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һϽ·֦ϳһּż顣
ߵĶȻ楣һ죬磿
ѺεЦЦֻöȣ͵ֵľȡ
ҡȥѰģ·˵ء˵˴ֻæͣҾ·˵أûСûСûй͵
ЩСȻϣǰ֪Ǹ˾ӡ
ЦЦˣҾͲˣȥѰա




44 ͻȻˮ
 

˺Ѻңֻסһ죬ԣ˴ŸôĶһЩ澡ӣҪռĵطȻС
ΪԺȻǲȱģټ̫˵ˣ˸ҿǣΪѡһĴԺӡ徲ѺͰĶ飬˺סһԺҲչ
ѺʹJ˸Ͻӭ˳ȥЦãůˣҸѣԴһ£ﲻٸĸġ
Ѻһ·һű£һ㶡
Ц⺢ӣʲôɵˣ
Ѻͻعɫ΢죬·ͽԼķ䣬ֵ֮ˡ
ͯæʰȥ
Ѻ飬˴´ˣͷٸһġ
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߶߶ȻҪҲҪעԼӣЩЪϢֲܣؼһʱ
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Ѻ͵ĸܵ
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極˵ĶͷΪһģҾͿԲ׷Ĵˡ˵գʲôˣ
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45 ⱨ
 

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̫ԭͷţûд󰭣˿ͷ̫ҽȥֶһ
̫ҽ̫ģ¹ھȥ
ܼʱþȣѺȡѧʱѺͲûмŻȥ⡣ȥ·ȴ˺ȣԭ䡡ûôֱ࣬ӾˮˡˮԺãʱ䡾
䡵С˹ڵϣ̧ͷ̫˷ŭɫ
ߣȵۡҲ˲ˣ۾գҲգĿ
̫Źȣָָˣôźӵģö˶˵ôˮˮʱȻûеһʱˣѺͣ䡶ˣȻסһӣվôģ
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̫ǣҵûˣǻҪǣ¶ˣ
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̫һʱû˼Ƭ̣楡
վ߹ȥӸµˣ˼ǣ޹ˣ
˵ͷĬ
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46 
 

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װŭǰңԶ档ôֵĴ⣿ǲ˵ķʱƽϣ´ΣһҪ㡣
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楿һĻЦɲ飬䡸պˮպϾͻˡһҲ׻ɲͷϡ
û˵極Цͷô䡶ĸ䡶󣬱ˣѡֻӻҪúһʱźء




47 
 

ɫ΢˴䡶ѣȻҪлӣ䡶źСҲܷŹ䡶ߵˣ񵽵ڹܼңĴ⣬ڲ壿
極һЦˡ˭˲֪Ⱥ͵ˣԸĸȥҺ䡶ǿչ˵ģǵģҶǿģôԹأ˵Ƕ󷿹żңСźܺ䡶ˮίʵûʲôϵ𡣡
⻰˵ʵǻлϺ׽ȴҵһǴ󷿵ģҪðֶ᲻ԼĶ
аգ˿ģ楺䡶ҾͺáֻԺһҪСЩһҰˣ䡶ҪǧϰٸҲеģαȥѰУСź㲻ģҪϳ͡
Ҫ˵С˽ãЦŽӹȥ˵ǣĸѾһȻȥˡ
ϱһͣ˲ָ糣ǱãǱáٲѡ䡶ˣζҪúѡֳε¡
Լǡ極¹䡶İȫĸģ˵Ҫѡչ䡶ء
Ȼûֵ߰ĻᣬΪ˴μƻʧ楺̫˷Ҳϵ֮С
ʧȴҲܽܣǹеˣͷĸˡ
˵һỰϾȥˣҼҴҵĸδȥĸסȥĸ밲ȥл
ǿž뵡ӣϳԺӣŻȥЪϢ
ˮֵúܴ󣬶˶ˡ
˽ϳţֱˬ䡵ĵǷġү®ƣ̫СĶӣ極ĸͥϵһܣԣȻҪչֳµĺӡ
Ƕү򣬴СȻͥ࣬ܲ㡣
Ϊ˱ʾֶӵĹػҲ̫˿䡺һ꺮ů
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ΪǺñӣʱҽˣ楶˵ʲô
ôˣվ
ҵͷС˱ū澾ĵĶţһᰵнǴȥһ˭֪磬ձӴߣ˾ˡ




48 
 

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Ҳĸӣô꣬ĸһֱֱӵĸˣָ˶ĸͻȫߣնľҲ˻ᷴҧһڡ
ûȫյʱ򣬲˶СˣѰὫǴߣ˽ʣȷǲᷴҧǣٴĸǰϧ̫ˣҲûʲôûһЩֶΣأ
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ҵ˵ĲʹһֻһжԶүܿһ̥רչи˵źڳԴöϸ⾫ģҲסˣֻܵˡ
˶ֵഺòƽ⣬һöү谮УǶҲҪ֣ӹú̹ôȻҲͽˡ
ǰòз飬ɲǵϲ𣿡ЦºͣҲᵽʲôСɫ˥ۡˡ
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Цū澼סˡ
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楴˴Ҫ˵ʲô߽˵䡡




49 
 

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°æ֮ǰ䡶Ůм
Цһˣض񡣡
u̽楷֮ǰ˵㻹ţ㿴˰գ楿ɱǰ¶ˡǰǸûصķѾͷڿĴҹˡ
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楲˵ǰ£ֻǵЦǰҲ£ҪעǣŮûأҲ۴㡣
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վں濴һĻȻʧЦôͺһ㣬Ҫ˺źá
ע⵽ҲˣҪ
u
㻹ڲУ񡣡
˳˻ȥЩС£ͷµԹ
ýôôԾѹеɻ󣬵ǊuĵܵܣȻҲҵĵܵܣһˣ̽Ӧõġ뽫ҵɻӿѰ˼ҽҵɽͺá
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50 ֮Լ
 

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̫˵֮⣬ĦŲյϵĻƵ⺢ֻ֪飬Լģ뾡öϱţҲҪԸźá
ڸ̫ˣѺͻûкļҹﶨף̫ԼŮ޸ѺͣǺġ
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Цĸ˵ǡֻǵ׳ǣԾЩ˼ҲϤھǼʮ꣬ԺҪͷΪѺͷˡ
ģæȻѺҴȻҪõ
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51 ϼ
 

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˲֪Եɣ桺ȴ֪ġ
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Oһ㶣漴һſ׳ǰ뵽㲻ѺҲǸܺõˡ
ˣЦһˮȥĸõ۰᲻á
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52 
 

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53 ûп
 

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54 ³
 

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55 赶ɱ
 

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56 ϲ콵
 

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57 غ
 

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58 ͵͵
 

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59 
 

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һۣ߱ߵͷÿ˳һٱ𾭰գҲѧѧƽľ䡶вòٳҲ١
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ԶҲͰˣҪ飬鳭ϰˡǸʶ־ͺܲˣ楾ȻҪ𾭣
ͻȻþԸʮҲ볭飬極ֲΥ
˼ˣȭʩһ񣬡ӣһ
ûɵģʲô
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ҡһȻɣˣΪλҪȥһļƻôã




60 Ϊ
 

ҼȻȻ·ģͺá
ǰǺϲɣģΪµΪڳǰ˵һЩɵĻ楺ÿĵġ
ΪѾߣɣҡһ޵½ҡ
֪ܶѾͨѾߵԤѡɣۼŸŷӣΪ½۵ˡ
ϲ½۵˳ԵĵزôñŮӽӽءߣ½۳档Ҳδй檵˼極ʱ֪飬Ҳ⣬½۰űŮźˣŹҵҸ˼ҼˣҲȫǵ֮顣
֪Ϊɣ֦ͷ·
ߵһѾߣͨ˼ҵĹûҪãɣϰ˽ʳôϳԹ֮࣬½۵ĸӼС
Уɣ֪Ļˡ楲ڣ½ƵʱȲжˡ
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˺üͷһȻ֪ҲҪˡ
˵ţһı飬ۣɼǵ˵ò
½һʱԣ鼫Ϊӡ
½ż˵
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½˶ų˺֣ҵĶӱ˴ˣΪֹС֡
ۼҪִ½۾ͷˡ
ĸף»˰ա




61 ֮
 

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˵ţ½˵Ҳˡ
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գ楺ȥu
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ҿͳ˵˵ʲôǸûײ㣡
ȴǲģеԽҿ쿴ٵ۸ˣĴһǮ˼ҵĹӣȴ۸һˣûˡ
˵˵ţʹǰߡ
Χ۵ĸˣ࿴ֲ´ģȨ˼ҵģҲ壬һˮ
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¾˲ˡĶ¥ż䣬һƿɴߡ
鷳ˣҪҪȥǣԱһЦ




62 
 

59
Խң뽫˸ߣôˣڶվͻ˲ˡܺã´ã
ڵϴŹ󺰴ţ˵ĲĿ
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˺
ײͷȰþգҪ׷һͭ嶼òҼҹҪŲƽϣôߡ
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63 óԸ
 

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óԸȻҲġ仰ݷ˵߷ֵ٩ôǱȥ
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ջص߾ū澰չԸģжģȻ⡣




64 ֮
 

ҹԡ꣬ױ̨ǰ߸ͷ
žӰʵĿɶˣ
ߵū澴ˣҶĶǼӣֻһֱϵǰִֵͬȻҪˣϾź򣬵ȷǸܺõĲ¡
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˯ҹÿڿʣҵˮ
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ʲôˣ楻䣬ԺʹһǸӰػطţ±Ʋ
Цһץס
ԭӦԷ䡲֪ʱˣһסһýӰʹӷϷлһˡ
Уȴ׼ʱסֻͣܲš
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ʱԽԽֻ˵үǸ˺˿Ժӣ²ܽȥѲ顣
ˣ͵ߵ֮֮Ǵ֪֪£ϳͲ壬ƽǵʧ񡣡ѩ
ҹѩﴦ֪ôͻȻС͵͵˻ʵ۴͸̨˴æȥѩȻҲŹˡ
ԥһᣬȥ˹̫ˡ˼ʹˣͲҪЪϢˣʲôҲ١
˵ţͷԸ˽š
Ķʹ˸ɫ׵ͷһƽΣ뿪
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ܿ죬ŵӾܹˣѹеķŭֻ뿪
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ŭ㵽ǹԺ˻ǶүԺģôƫűŹ
æҹˣūôңǶүˣūūòŹ
Ҳ鲻Ըʲô²ܵ˵ҹ嵽ֶŮʲô
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ţȴǽЩڶУ
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65 ƻʧ
 

ϵõϢ֪ѩļƻˣģѯһȥ
ϿѩվߣȻѩҲڲסеĵ⣬ȴüѩΪڴˣ
ȻϷˡ
ѩҹūźүЪϢоū澲ģҲ
ϳݵȷӵˣ
˵ţһ˫۾ѯʵĿ
ֵŪ٣ۿӴܵġ
֪ʣү˼
ȻҪѲġ
ΪѵϾ楶Ĺ뷿ôǴȥѲ鲻ðգǴȥ楶Ĺ
Ƭ̣ɫȻĵǲ͵ߵȴ֮¿ɴС²׷ҲͰˣҪ׷˭𡣡
̾ү˵ˣֻί楶ˡ
ѩ￴⸱ɣЦ極ùľˣƫƫҪװһӡΪOѩŲΪء
ܿ죬΢΢ʰһͳˡ
̫æֻ˸٣бһֻӣ洩һ°ɫ߰¹⡣ױصȴüĿ续ͬһ֦޵ĺģԡ
õӦ档ǰ楴ҲˣȴѹȥеĲʣɫػصĿ楶û˵գ
ɻʲôˣҲδǶԴ˵Ժ⣬ܲöյȣ͸Ͻˡ
֪ڲҪҪǸһѲĻᡣ
˿û˵ͺãֻٲҪ鷳ˡ
Ȼ󣬾ͽȥ˵һ顣
楹ȣȻ£ǸҲ̫ˡ
ҲǰֻίֶŮҵȥѲһˡ˶ӵ˴˴ҲûӰӣܶǲΪ֮ҲΪİȫѲ顣
ԣ楿˿ԺӺķݣ¶֣̿㵽ߣˣ御ȥѰա
һ¶Ȱı飬極ļ£һὫµġ
ֻӻ֣һ£һȺӿ˽ŵѲ顣
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ѩļƻУѲ˲ġʵĶѲˣǶۿ˽ôѲأ
ͷͷΪѵһطûѡ
Ϊβѣ
һֵۣͷǿĹ뷿²ð
ѩ¼ҪľĿ֮Ѳ極ķ䡣һ楣ü
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ЦˣȥѰա
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ţǻOķѳOѺ͵Ķʱܻ楣ѺȢOһá
ɽȴʧˣ楷ܿͳˡ
үʲôûѵ
ѩһʶڣʲôûѵ
ȷʲôûѵ
ѩһ׹ȥôܣôʲôûѵѾص楷ˡ˻ؽСġѳϺ
Цѩӣʧ
ѩǿ򶨵ֻ̫ˣӵôûѵһ̫ƻΣǾͲˡ
ɫѾⶼѹˣȷû˵ӰѩﻹΣ
ҲµĿѩ˫۾ôȴǱ伫ˡѩһʶԼ̫ʧ̬æū澲ҡ
ͷˣȻ˲ٴ˴ȥաȻַº極㣬ǶĲǣҹˣЩȥЪϢա
ףߡ
ͬʧгǸο楼ͳԺӡ
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Ҳˣȥ׷
ѩѰûд楷ѳ֤ǲζżƻʧˣôOǲҲ˱
ѲOԺӵġ
ԣ˵ȥ˱̺ԺǷȥѲʱѩûסеɣ




66 ֮
 

˶ͣ½Ųͷкβɣ
ѩ֧֧ҹˣѾѲ˿ԺӣԺӣ˴ģǻ𲻱Ҫ鷳
֪ѩļƻһִ楿ڵ⻰˼Ϊ׽סˣʮöүѲ飬ôͲˣѲȿҪߣĸѵͲ˵𣿡
ЦЦĿѩΣõİΣҪﶼԼˣҲὫյ´ȥﲻõĹġ壬أ
һֻǿ͵̨µõѩ˼ߣ極ԺˣǲOԺֻ»極Ĳ
˼ˣԸʲôȥǽҹץˣǡ
ͷһݣӦˣܿ͸ϵ˱̺Ժ
ѩסֻܸż˵۽ΣûֵÿϷ
ŵǰȥͨOΪƻһɹʰһ͸ϽˣҲǹȵĵף˺£
O楲ͬȻûǸֱͣӷԸ˵ȥѰա
ѩﻹһϣģϣѳOѺ͵Ķ
ֻҪO޵ңԺ±𴩣ҲԹ޻ڡò˵ѩʲôˣǸĸףһΪO룬ΪOҸԼOȴΪѩ룬ֻԼ
ȻѩĽƵĵãȴʲôûѵ
OΪԼˣʲôûУ
ʲôûСͷٴε
Oҡһ£ѩ
ѩҡҡͷʾż
ѩѾ׼ԶþȡоֵǣΪ楲֮֮Oһ˽ܡأ
ѵ楻ôģڶһк󻹻Źǣ
үүС˼ϲɫү̨ҵˣ
ҵˣϲӣںδҵģ
С˽̨򣬡үŮСĴѩװ·Ĺӣ̨
һʧõ䱦Ħ̨ⷽȻѩﺮâէ֣㣿
ѩĻңүū澲֪ū澲֪Ϊǿ͵̨
ӵĿ̨ʵ¹﷢ֵġ
ѩæ£ͷˮӨӨүūĲ֪Ϊ̨ū澳΢ͨīҪ͵Ҳ͵鱦һ̨ʲôãܰڲÿĵū븾ˣȴҲ֪͵֮Ǵô֪ʷأ
кԩﰵֹѵҪһ͵֮ţֻҪһͻǣǱݺġ
̨ļ١̨ҵˣ򳹵˿룬ѩֻҪɵͲִ¡
Ϊ̨ѩ¹˭Ҫݺ
ĿЩһȦϡ
ǽɵĿ֮ˣ벻˭ݺѩ
е⣬˸Ϸģôܱˮأ
ûʣֲܽͣԵйˣ
ԺһӼžĬ˼ʲô
ͻȻԶһʹİһӰ׹
ʲôˣ
лǰ鿴үǸˣ




67 
 

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¶ѩﳶ˹ϵҲɵӣΪѡ
ܿ죬Ĵ׳ӴһͰˮõϣֻƤ˶һ۾
ͷһݣֽŲõ˲ֱҧ˵ʹǰ
ӸµĿҾ֪ҾȻôһĶװ͵㻹б¡˵ΪҪô
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ûڣС̰ƣݺôԭѩСģСװ͵̨벶ȸں󣬷֪ѩļƻҷˮ͵ֱ̨ӷŽѩ͵Ե
ﱻԩ޲˺졣
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ĿϺѩɨɨ֪˭
վԶԶأһĻͷ졣
ѩ뺦ѩͷҪ赶ɱˣԼƲĸɸɾ
ûôףҪȫϽˮźá




68 һ
 

ɵĿÿһˣղѣѩﱻ񶢵û̻̲ϣһؿҰ׵
գϣ˵ʵ֪䵽ʲô³ġ
ϵ˿ڻʹűιȥĶҩڷĿڴʹ
˲ͷ亹΢ֻΪǱ׽סĿ־¡
СԾʵһԱضúͷѩȣ˶ںС֪үСһ
鼱֮³ү㲻Ҫģһѩˮ޸ô꣬źţƴңûҵĴ뺦ѩһʼʱͺˣαصȵڣ
ѩ֪һûкýɴҲˮЦΪһֱڷ㣬ûгɹǸŮ˵ʱҲ޷УŷŹҡ
ܻˣҡΪҲ֪ô㡪
ˣɨϣעѩֲϴO£ԭ⡣
OסǣԼϣæǰף鲻ġ
û˵ķݣ
Oһսء
ѩԽңϥе£ͷˮүҲû취ұϾǋOĸףȻҪΪ㡣ֻǸŮܼ޵ʲô˼ңҪúãֻЩǳֶΡ֪ˣұϾǳһƬŮ֮ģҲȲѰ
䣬ҧȻ㣬ҵˣ𣿡
ѩһͣ˲׹
թ
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ˣˡѩ̱ڵأɫί١
ѩΪ˴ﵽĿģ͵֮Ѳ飬極ʵOѺ˽һ¡ķˣ֪ѩļƻȴʲô˵ۿˣŪ
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Ϊ˶ô壬ʵ̫ʲôôһ鴫ȥӰӰ;ҽ
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ѩΪСǱãҲңƻң˵³ɣܳɹ޽ңԺٲҵĺôС˵СֻܽүԺӣʱүԻѲ鿤Ĺ뷿
ѩһѾߣӵ˽֮ڿĹ뷿һʱһѲ飬СѳЩȻͻᱻ˽ͨ
ͬģֻҪץסΪ˸֮˵İȫһһԺܻȥȻͻѵӺĶһȿԻ˿磽ѩԿļޣֿɽ޵ҡʱǣҹϷ˲ӦҲôӦ
ｫһж¶Ҳװס
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Ȼû˵꣬нŲкŭ֪ԭʹˣµȨûˣҵĶӾôТҵģ




69 
 

һˣĸף¶أôˣ
̫ɹַ߹Цǲô֪ҵ楶Ǵҵģ
һҵ楶̫˶極۰¶ţOҧҧɫڶ極ļʡ
æ߹ȥҪ̫ˣ̫һ˦ͷ㣬㲻ҪæŴôȥˣ
ĸסЩεջ֡
Ѿ߰ӣַ̫¡һᣬ̫ǿƽ˵գô˵ˣ
Ϻ޴룬ѩڿ̫˵һۣϵѪɫȫȥ
ԭ˵Ҫ̫£һϣΪԼҺúûţ̫˽һо۵ףܻ
˲Ҫ̫ǨŭOôOԺô
ĸף˶ˣЦ
̫˺һ˶𣿡
ڨڨ
ĲģҶˡ˵˴̫˺ݺһ¹ȣָǰ˵Ǹɵĺ£楶ǸʮĺӣСû˸ĸǲ֪ҲͰˣһĺúõأֲΪΪ
⻰˵ĵȷˡʵ極ѩ̫ͷϣǨŭء
̫ʹˣҲ£ԽƽͣѾǲϴ̫˷ŭʲôʱˣʵһϽˣϼҲæ£ҳ
ĸô˵ɷˣǶӵ׵ֶŮǴѪôẦѩﵨ죬һҲǱˣĸ
̫Ȼ֪Ǳõģһ뵽ΪԼԼ;ŭ
Ŀ䵭Ŀϣ㻹ǶˣôһҺŮ̲ܽã˲е˼
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̫һӹһյɤӣĬһŵտɴδ
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Щֻ꣬ǹɽӣյҪֵ׷½ܣǲĿŵĺ楡ԣ̫˲ûɵͷϲǡ
˶٣̫˻ӻ֣ա
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͵ĴϵOҵŮҽ̵Ͳطˡӻ֣ˣȥա
ֱѩﱻߣOۺס
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O֪Ѿûˣֻķսȭͷջȥǣס
ɢ֮Ҳȥա
ҵҺùȼ̫֮ˣѩһڸϣҲܵ𷣡
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һĿģ̫һһ㿴ĿȻҲӣȴҰġ
գ˯Ͳ
Žźϴ
񳿶ӹˣﻹ˯ţûҴšϷҲ˹ˡ
楲˲ϵգ£
ҿžӣΪ޼һֻ黨ϷùġԭҪ̫ŵģﻹû𣬾ͻȥˡ
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ҺҶǰ֪˹ĵ٣ҹӹ﷿ѳЩƺҲϴˡԭһΪҶ˵Ĳһ滰û뵽ûƭǡ
楶žӣһĨЦݣǰӹһ٣ҶȷйպãҲнա
㣬ҶͽˣһǳԵĺӣЦҽкηԸ
楴ۿŲյƯŵĲҶЦݺܵûʲôҪԸģҾ֪㱳˭




70 
 

ҶûӦĿ楡
㣬϶һЦݣ˵ʲô
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ҶһţæµūȻ󲻾ãԹһֱĹޱѣûӣ졣
極ͷƽͣ㵱ɵӣΪҺúŪѵ淢ֻΪй𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷū澲ū澸淢ĵȷΪĿߡҲһԭ򡣡
üƺܸȤʲôԭ򣿡
Ҷָ½ǣƺЩţūôҲΪԼ˽ġ
˽ģ
Ҷūǰ䲻󵱲ȴĽڹźĽǡΪ̫۰ŮߵѾߣҲԺӵЩ棬ԶԶūֻǸʶǳѾߣҲ˳˼
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΢΢һ٣Ц⻰ǱȱҪ̹ϡ
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Цһζ
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Ҷϲɫūһǡ
ûٶ˵ʲôţȥȰ밲ˡ
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ΣҲң˭ҹǸֳôĶ˯Խˡ
ᵽ£̫ɫһ¼֣楶ĸĸл˵
ϻһãȻӣĸʲôҪҵģ




71 һ
 

ֱ̫˵㶼֪˰գ
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72 Ⱦ
 

̫˵ȷ࣬楲̲ĺ⣬Ҫ޸Ѻͣһʱ޷Ӧ
̫˿һۣȻѺͣҪԸ»ûĶ㻹ʱ俼ǡһ䣬һҪ˵ʵ
΢΢죺ĸ˵
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ȥԷ䡣ϸϸ˵ˡ
極Ĺǣ£Ӱб½ûɽͷϡ
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73 ҽ
 

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½ʱԼЩãȻȻ½ۣЬӶ˲ôҪȥǡúͷŮһ顣
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˺һȻһݣˣ۵Ĳòˣ׼ա
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ܼҵǺãȻүԸСȥߡ
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һɫ˺ʵˣŲǸҡײƭھЩĵðˣʲô
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½ǲͶҽˡ
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74 ϲ
 

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½һǣԱ߿šͻȻùȥĸףʵĵġˣ楿һֱĴأȫǵ˶֪




75 ɱ
 

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½üСڿõѡ楡
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˺ֻܵͺá
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զ࣬ЦȻ˼ܣϻ۹ˣһ벻뵽취Ϊ½ҵӷˡ
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뵽ʲôʵǸӴ𣿡
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䲻ֱģͻᱩж½ӾƱĨҩ˻֪Ҳûл˲鵽ϡ
Ŵ̿Ưŵİƣˣٺòˡ




76 ټ
 

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׹ֵȻϣһֱų˺ȥ½ңһʱųβסС䲻ˣ
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˵꣬䡾䳰½ǺΣļԸ⽫Ů޹ȥ½Ƥ񣡡
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ʱ̫˻ǧ極һСģ˲ӡ
½۵°Ӱ첻档Ĵһô񣬷ϵĵӺϵĵʹ˼ֶׯš
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̫ٳؾ̫ףҲְգ




77 Ĵɵ
 

Ϊд֮Ϊ˴󾰳ΨһôΪر߽ձȨڵģҲҲ
ֻδؾֻżӽԴڼӼеʱ򣬾ú⡣
ޣֱײֻǷ׷׶ܣǻŻǲ޵һ˸ҳԱ¶֮⡣
ΪͼȨ̫󣬾ҲҪǼӣ˸ҵˡ
żĺѱòҪ
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˼˷׷õиûǱȥˡ
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С̫룬Цӷģܺá
üͷ΢̫˼أ
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楲ֻǸһˡ
Ƚ˹͹ȻҪȥݼ̫ͻʺ󣬿̫ϲ徲һҲҪģԱûмǡ
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έ䡹ϵҪãϻڿ極ʱ΢ЦףǻһЦ
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͵۶̫Т˳һĸ󡱣ʵϣ̫󲻹ѡ
極ĵʹ½˱˵ݹˣֱĿ
楲̫̫æŮٷֵðҿ´楣ˣҲԽƯˡ
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ŮЦŸ͵ǫ顣̫ʱū˵𣬾ôûһȵϿƿˣ֪˭Ǹÿ¼ޡ




78 ʱ֮
 

½˺͸楣ҲòЦŸ͵ƿƷò¼޵ļӦļҵĸؽúöԴǣǲ֪˭ôõˡ
ȫ˭֪ϲ½۵£½ô˵ǰʾԸ楼޸½
ǰ˵ԣֻǾÿЦӻ
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̫½˵ΣЦݴȰǰҿųģȻġǰûǴ㻹һͼˣҲôˡϲӣڰǰҲز˼˵
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79 Ըϲ
 

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Сʱ򾩳ӵܡһ𳤴󣬴Ҽ࣬Сûô˼ɣìҲǻáԸľǼУǷִƫƫȱŭʱĺ
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ԭΪһ۽ٷ˲ܱ׽õûվţ֪˴µĽ
ԭǼٷǹ߷ǰļٰ⼸ģֻһֱûץˣûǻھܣǡѺ͡
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極Էű鿴ɾúЦôϲ飿
ϣһϽãôҲͨźҲԽԽ͵ˡ
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˵ţе
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ʹѻµĲƲϧòΣ̫Ҳ㲻ˣ˽µĶȴ١
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ΨǴӣȻҲͬ⡣
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Ը˰ʱ·ŵ
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楷Ը׵Щ˹ϵȫдá
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䡵ıӰҧгݡȴ¶һĨѵЦֱŴ粽ȥ




86 
 

ѺԴǣͨ䡺Jʶ˲ѣŽһ
䡲ϲ飬Ҳϲμʲô˾ۻᣬѺ͵ǺЩ˽ϤѺŽԼȥͣû뵽ʱڴİȻͷ˷ŵ¡
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ѺΪһӣȻܳԼŵˣæҲûд󰭡
Ȼ԰ʱ򲻱ȴһ亹ԼΪҲʱš
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֮ǰ͸ģóȻǰȥֻԼķС
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̫ҽû˵꣬˶ᡣֻ֣޷˵ⱲҲֻ½ҴűźˣʲôҲˡ
ĥݻٵĲֻһ˵壬־ԺүҪӶչˡ
˺бֻͷ֪ͷ̫ҽˡ
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Ȼ½һ¾ȥ½½꣬ȿ½һ½걧ͷʹޣȻʹ֮ˡ½ţȥˡ

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ͷ󺹣˴ˮԽʪΪ
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Цŵͷ϶Ըˣ
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ŵһʳнݵС
ʲô
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СһڣȻɿڣֻǺǰԹζһⲻģ
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ЦӻǴŹ
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極ǲ֣žµĸ㣬Ц˵ڶУ˭ŷ緶϶ݸ߹ȴĿ޳ŻȴѲŰ̸·ţǫ񣬲ǻʺֶŮ
ڵĹʲôͨأ
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ԥһᣬ極֪ж֮񱡭
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ҲûжʣԾ˷ϵΡ
վһ۵ҺҶȥǰͺãɣ𣿡
ֻĿͬһ澵ֱֱսһĲ˲ūס
®ĹλȻߣȴүΪҶϱ̫˵ϣ˲ٱ͡
ϼҹӺ͹Ҳμᣬ楲ʲôֵģǻ칫Ҳμӽϵٳ˾ˡ
ϸϸһ룬楾ȫȻˣ칫Ϊ䡰С˼ǲزס
ţȴˣڱҲǸСء
ǰ棬̫˵˻Ự˾½½ţԴ񣬲һͶˡ
칫񽻸ˣͳ߱
˼׷񣬻칫ڰ֣ض񡣡
Ȼ極Ǳߵͤһ˫۾ȴ¿ţѰʲôˡ֪ҲƣֻЦôҲˣ
˼ûжԱ͸¶칫ЦݻЩɬûмˣߣ֪֣ÿڹʵģ͵մ֡
΢΢һЦһ֪ݹ٣һŵġ
칫ЩĲɣô𣿡
Сˣ̫ڴȰ˵̫ء˵̫ߵѾо
޷ŹˣģŮ¹䣿
칫֮ãòãֲһˣȥæģҾߡ
΢΢һЦˣԱ㡣
һߣ칫վԶһ߹
칫ҵ𣿡
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칫ŴЦˣȥ
䡴һɫֱӢͦĽü߸ߵıֻΪСʵ׶ЩӤʣоֹСƵģԽԵɷ
칫ĺ
έϻߵǰϻüŮȥϣȻέ̸˵Цһέļ뿪ˡ
ȵٵʱ򣬻칫˶˹ȥ
¡䡹֣̬ȴǲ̫硣
칫Ҳ٣СүϼҶӺϤ
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ƺֹЩ飬һǽǳ
칫ʾ֭ĺ϶ӵȷǸܺõˡ
䡲˵ˡ
칫ЩΣȥˣϴĽóˡ
ͽǰѽ֮߸ˣعǼǰѱӦúúزǣУҶá
ҵĽڣ칫ȴ᲻͵ı
»ϲͷ˵Ҳе
ʵѾͷˣֲܸߣֻװĬĬӡ
ܿ죬пɰˡ칫²ᣬֻȸȥ
Ȱá
̫ףߵλô楱
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極ͷȷʵˡ
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һαװĺܺãԵ޹ʵĺu˵Щֻǵĸźܺõ£Ըġ
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桼˽ӣвмȴЦ˵ʲôĻأǶڣֻһ˵ʵƫġ
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ǰһĹģûһм֮飬ֻuʩᡢҫҫҵճŮݣҫݡ
ŮΪʲôuôأ
оͬèץһʹֱҪ̡㣬Цл㣬á
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̫Τ˵Լһ߶ŪһߵҲˣƵģȥգžˡ
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溰ţӰա
뵽ʹ࣬һҲʹˡת溰һҪĸƽ
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˵Ŀģŭɶ
ū澲˵ѣūʵڲĿŷ˱ݺĿСүδȥԾֹҩ
ʲôݺ˵
Ʋ᣺뺦ĺӣ߼޻ˣ
ɫףʧɫ˭Ҫң




93 һ
 

ҩĲ֭ü
ʵҩȻж𣿡
͵ۿ˿ϣȷж
ϵһһʹĲҽУĿˣһȺɨ
̧֣˿үȡǵĺӡ
ߣ֣԰׵ݸۣҲʹϸӼޡ
ڸô죿
̾˿աȻŰҩж°գϣü
ߴٵȥȥǺûˣҲźӲģҲûҪˡ
һ𣬸Ͻȥҩˡ
һԸľֽ˼ͷ󺹣ŮһԸź
϶үϧֻǵĺûϿһۣȡȾ
ºͣᾡġ
ﴽϸһĨЦݣЦö࣬˵һμʱ
￴үԺ󡭡չ˺úӡ
ͷҲû˵ʲôĸƽĻοһӶԣϲһŮӣҲӡ
۾ЦЦү
Ȼվݺݸһţ˵˭¶ģ
Ҳ桷߽ŭ˵˭ָʹݺң
ԥǡǡ
ʲô˵ͱ֮˰йᣬ߼޻ĸף֪㷸ʲôٲ˵ʵҹ
۽ɨ־ȣµ⡣
㻹Ϊܺһݺĸ𣬿ƻıһżգ
ȻͿ¶ЩɫֻΪѲǡ
ΪԼƻóѣǳ˵
Ŀ˸߶µǡָʹūģ
仰һʯͷȻͶˮ޴ˮ˶ĵһĿϡ
ܺͶҳϹϵ̫˼ˡ
ֻƽۿһĻݲȵ̬ȣ뼺޹һ
桾楾ǿ򾲣Цһ˵˵ʲôʲôҲ֪𣬾ҧãǳıӵˣ
棺ū澲˵ѣȷָʹҺģĿľݺˡūĲֻ̣ñ
šüδڣϾȵֱһɺԣ楽ʲôҲôôΪݺҶأҿһҺ楽ϵԼ̵˵˭ָʹôģ
ۣʶ極ķһۣЦЦһ䣬ֺܿҪߵĸо
ŭ˵ʵȻȫҶˣ
ƻع񣬼ᶨȻͶ档Ͳܷڡ
˼ˣ˸ͷүūôأ֮ǰͶͼǺ˶ˣҪԸˡٲӣͽϡΪŮ̫˳谮ŮȻһĺӣͺԥ˾
ߵɣū澣ȥԺɢʱİһӣﶯ̥ʵʩƻɣūһƿҩū澸ҩ¶ɲѪļȻūָ϶ˡүûСүȻ˵ʱ˾޷㣬ĿҲﵽˣֻû뵽Ѳǻɵġ
Ŀ𺣬ڿ⻰ʵԡ
һԣģүȻǰЩҺ楽Щ죬ǵһˣ楽ôǺءҿ飬ⲻ楽ġ
⻰ǼΪ楣ȴóڰʾǺпܵġ
桿楣Ŀᣬã˵ѽ㲻񶾵¶Բԣ
ͤͤü΢Ȼ¡
ȴ󺰵˵ѡôܲأָʹġ
楳ЦЦ˭ĵӸң˵죬С
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Ƿ꣬ҲΪѣ楣極ݲô
ƺ楸ִһʣҿƵıֲ˵ѡ楻ļƲݺҲţһʱҶ֪˭
ߵߣãŴ޹أô˿ţĵ˵ָʹģҲֱƹ¡ҿǲһΪãҲûס
һ飿˼
桵ν壬ûֻ߹Ƶ˿֤׺ٺú
楴˼⣬û
ƴﲻǲ˵İգ
ҳ󵨣ȻҶԿ˵
ƿЦһ˿ұûָܻȥֻ𴩿ĿʧȥҲֵˡ
˵Ļϣִ˿ˡ
Ƭ̵ڿ˵ǿָʹģ֤ݣ
ȻеġƷɿĵ
ԺΪ֤
Ϊū澣ū澲ٽ鱦Ʊū澷ţūһҲûҶүŵĻȥѲ顣
ˣȥһѣ
ﻶȸԾȴ極ֵίˣҺһʲôѲÿ
楽ֳ΢΢һЦлңҲ壬ģ˭Ҳݺҡ
˫۾һͻɺֱܿüΪţμƻܣܲˣ
֪̫˶極ƫģ֤ȷҲ楶ѡڽⳡϷ˿һ̫ά楣Ҳá
楾һԣɫܿ죬Ѳ˾ͻˣлһϻӺһǰ
Ȼѵˣ˶㵵Ķ
ӽϻӺͰ򿪣Ȼֲٽ鱦ΣмƱ
һСѾͷЩ楸˭ģ
ϹԾ⡭ģ
ҲĿ𾪣ô᣿ôأá
һЦҲѾͷĻ𣿡
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ƴ󺰵ūԩūֲź͵ЩЩɣūģūû͵
ɣĵ
極Ҫһߵɣˡ
極һЦ壬ҵˣҪǲʰգ
Ц𣿡
楲Ϊ⣺бҪһߵŮͣ
ҧҧݸ߹ͿԵߵڰ𣿡
ֻҪһɣͿʳʵ࣬ƫƫ楲˾ĻʹĿԸˡ
Щ楶ãǲͬɣʵɣˣ˵һЩ˵Ļġ
極ҵ˿ԣҪĸһҵǲܹ
æΪȻ㣬ĸ׹Ӧõġ
ȻͷԸ˽̫
һ·ϣѾ˽ľ˵̫ˣ̫ǾżϽˣһĻu
uǰΣɻ楣ôˣ
ҡͷûлش
ϣ̫˲ûиǺɫֻǽ§ڻ£ĸҿ˭Һ㡣
˵ţбһۡ
̫ʶʾ;ܺߣ桼ʵҪ
Ҳ£ֻǲ뱻ôʣĸҡ
̫˿ˣЦһǰЩҪԽ㣬ǻ񡣡
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̫һˣҵˣ˭˭ʲôʲôա
Ҳʲô⡣
Ҫǣɲ۸ģǳҲûʸֱҲ㶯ߵˡ
򰵺楲ӣϲɫΪ˲ƷЩԴҪһߵɣ
極ͷңɣ
ȥĻߵ֣Һɣ
ܿ죬ɣ͹ˡ
ûиӦĻᣬֱӾʹʵɣǲǷ˲ٽ鱦Ʊ﷿ƣ
ɣƺûӦ΢΢һ㶣ʶ楡
極ʵ˵ǡ
ɣͷӬûûС
ϻӺͰɣǰҪˡ
ɣ¶ɣǵûС
ƽĴ󺰣˵ѣЩ㽻ҵģߵŮͼЩ󶼽ȥ͵㲻ҪΪ˸˵Ϲ
⻰˵ĺе˭Ҳõ⣬Щôᵽȥأ
桶̫˵ĸܽӴЩģֻߵĴѾߣָʹǼԵΪū澣Ȼ͵ӵĶˣɲС¡ĸӦðýѵһЩѾߡ
ɣɫţūûУūû͵Ķ
ЦôõĶѵǻ᳤ųԼߣռҹ棬͵ӵĶҪȱеġ
ū澣ū澡ɣһӹ楽£Ⱦū澣
΢͵ӵĶָӾ㣬úܿЦ𣿡
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桰Ц̫˵ĸū澵͵ӲǷҪռҷأ
ƶ̫עعأô˿أ̫˲Ӷ
桻䣬ɣ󺰵ҪҪȱū澡û͵ԣû͵ԡ
Ŷû͵ԣõĶôΪλָ㣿
ū澣ū澡ɣͷأµū澲ˡ
һ䣺ɣ֪˵ʲô
ɣŵûб¶ūȻ鱩¶ܲū澵ūźô꣬ô͵ĶأūҲҽơһжūģôأ
Ͼһ˼ǣ楽Ƹ¶ݺң
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ɣ極ע£˵˳Ȼ˵ķֺ
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極Ļ֮оĿ楣겻ñ˲٣ֻǱóˣ˲١
極͹ӵûб䣬Խ޼ɵˡ
żеĿܲƣ楶Խ񣬼оȻƤá
ЦԽúúã˵úã¸ʰ·硣Ҫȥδһ𣿡

楺ζĲϲͷ⣬Һͼ͹ӲϤ͹ӻǳƺΪá
żеЦݽʧ͹Ա㣬ȸˡ
԰գתȥ΢紵Ʈ
㡣
ءʶܾ뵽ȷЩҪ˵˻磬ˣͷˡ




95 ʦ
 

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ֻڵˣȴ࿴һۡ楲㱻ײͰ楾ʹաû뵽ȴʱһ׽
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΢ŶĽҪʲôأ
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ʱĶּˡԭ޵ǰ
үҪԩġ
ԩģ㵱ϹۿǸĻᣡĺӶڲһֽϣǾóʱڳĺĺϦд״ʵӦǲǺźܳĺĺһ𣿡




96 ʹ
 

￴Ʈڵϵֽſ־壬һһŵĵͼ
үûСһһүôӡǱݺġ
˵ţĿⲻϡ
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ȷɹϺ档ۼΪʵǷݺĵǷ˰ͨԼǸӡ
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ŭȵݺ㣿ѵ˭ܰȥҰԼֳ£ͼҧˣǰǿˣ
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һͣ͹ȫ˽飬˷ңΪ˺;ۡ
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˻Գ֣ΪԺϲ㣬ҲֹڴˡǸŮòӣͽȫͬ㲻谮
㣬ģգݣڸ¶֮ǰµճӡ㲻ǳĳ谮һˣ㻹ݵλһǸҲȲġ
ԣuȵĿʵ벻СС;Ȼ˵ⷬòһ޶ĳ谮ԸȨλʵڡǣĮǴһδС˵ġ
楣˵Ҳ̫ˣ˵
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䡺Ǵ֮ͥ²÷ֻǵ֮ǰѾǫˣѾܣٵǸ
Щ٬ϴ٣˶ĳϵǸԳ⡣СүǲԸⱭƣǻǹˣҿɻĵġ
˼ˣҲСүôгͺ˰գһ𣬶һһҲûʲôͺ˰ա
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Ɑƺ󣬰ҲûΪֻԾûͷΣ֪Ȼϡ
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Ϊ̫ŵˣuȥݼ̫楱ĴߣȴǱһסȥ·
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極ҴҪأ
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101 
 

ĸ㣬ȢΪĿһ˫ķӳӰӣڽʾϡ
楲ĿȴЦ
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ЦһҲ᲻޸ңңΪĿĲֶεˡŲţһˣֻϣܸһĻᡣ
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楽͵͵ĺóЦΪôĵ𣿡




102 ɱ
 

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104 ɾ
 

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ТҪϹˣΪãȻҪΪҸɾ




105 Т
 

ҲŪ̿Цﲻ˵һ𣿡
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106 
 

Ǹ竣ΪƣʮմȾŮɫߵСѾ߶ռˡһϲɣûͶ˱𴦣תȥȡòѾߣֻҪϵģûһѵõ
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ֵ̧鷳ұֵܣʲôɽģ
Ȼͷĺƣ
楶ҵȥŴ򿪣ھҪЪϢ
;ûֹҴţѾԤϵ䷿ʲôֻ
Ÿһ򿪣һֵζһ̣Ҿɫ̼ײײܳдţ
Ҷסôųг˵Ұ޲ɣ
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㣬ҶҲһֵ̿ܳˣ
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Ŀ͵ĿƿԺ׹֪ںδ
һѽ󳶿£ϵĺۼ¶š
濸Ͻ۾ҶҲǰ
濶ƻȫ֪飬Լһ˳˻ɣԴ˼һ
һѹվǻʹֵ˻ȥʶԼŴƣϽûȫڸסӡ
ס浾޴
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Ѫɫʧô죬Ȼϲǰй֮£ο᲻ΪǸ֪ܵˣô
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楸Ҷʹ˸ɫҶ⣬˲Ӵ򿪣һֻֽ̨ϵ˳ȥ
Ŀɣ֪ô£
ڵϣϣҼǵҿһ軨軨ŨһŮӽұûȣܿơ
ȥ軨
һȦ˵軨
ɫãô᲻ˣĿˡ
ͻȻҡסһ˭ң㰡
ᵽңͷһĵˣ
楽ӹңǿ˿ţš
ɫһ䣬Ҷȥ
ͷһʱȻõ㡣
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楿浣΢΢һЦ幤Ͷĺơ
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ѣһʱ衢ںޡŭԹȫӿͷ
ðɣ޲ôŮźá浲죬͵Ĭû뵽Ȼ춯ص
һ̾ضҲпԵġ
ѿڵʲôԣ
Ϊãȴȶȼˡߣ˸޻£ҲһʱżҲΪǴε
浵һӱˣһȻ
ǰ浱桻ѾТˣȻҲ꣬ԱЧ档ΪԼѰһ£ТϽ޳ȥ
ȻӣȴΪзھǳĸ˼Ը⽫ǧĵŮ޹ȥ浺Ͱβ˵ðҾϱ
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浲ϣֻʹףԩģԩġ
£˵Ѿйؽڣڳֻ»ʵͼ޵ҵ
ͷѾڷɿתν浼밲ҡ
楱κ˶ϣ浼޸̾壬»ǾΪã鴫ȥ֪˻ô˵Ͼ֤Ҳȫλȫƾűһ죬ʱ𡣡
תͷ楣ȴһ˫۾ˣǵЦ⺬޵ĳ
˲Ȼв
²⣬˽´ȥ󱾾ãʱЩŰ浣һĿȻ
ңͷڳԸңԼûʲôô
֪Ϊˣԭ楳ųӵġ
Ҳ極Ļ֮Ծ£±Ͼǣҵ£ڳνΪأ
ţȻ֪ΪһҪ浼޸󣬵Լˣ浼޸ҲǺͰˡߣһˣһŮ䡣
ҪǣܸⷢӵĻᡣ
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Це˵ǣӦþ
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һ۵磬һȥգлҪԶ˵
һҪ취Ȱ˵ؿƿ
ͷҲá
浿ŵףǱݺġ
򱾾ͲŮһ¸Ŀ亦ˣŭú÷ʡգûҵȥ
Ȼٶ࿴һۣȥ
ֹͣ˿޺޵楣楣ͱǲǣ׼Ҫǲǣ
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ЦҴҪҼ޸󣬷ͽָˡвʹþòЭ̫ݶˣԩ޳ΪҪң
ԩ޳𣿡楼Цͼߴķͼȡ֮Ҳԩ޳𣿡
һ˵ŵҲΪǰԸõң
᣺ǰ֪ϲΪ˸õĴ㣬ҹ㲻֪ܵģӴԺһ뵽㣬ͻ뵽ճªӣ㲻һӡ󶼲
楣uŭˡ
仰ӦҶ˵ġ䳰Ѵôã㲻֪жͼķٺ͵λļˣֻ֪ʣʲôԼõõģʲô㲻õõġΪĿģ㲻ֶΣΪ˻㺦һҺģΪʲô
浴ʩؤһʩңҲжҺǳ󣬸߸ϣΪҺһҾҪǸжʲôĶࡪ
ࣿЦƽĶۣĿ㿴ĸϵŮʲôӣ㿴ԼӡĸӲŮڸϵĴ͵Ů޲СܵĽ̵ͳԴöȫһʲôϰգǼʣ̰Ĳ㡢壬һЩûʵɣ
ĸĸ˼ңصΪ룬Բ֪㣬Ϊ㶼û쿪ãȻ㲻ΤӣҾ͸ɾӿǾС˾ˣܳĵӣȷǱΤݸ߹²˰գ
˻ƣһ߿һߺ楣ˡ
δ䣬ֻһһǶϡ
Ҷ˻ȥ浡
楣㾹Ȼˣ
極ĸΪһҺϲʲôݣһӽãҲӲѹˡ浣Ҷʵ̫ˣ̫ƽⲻûʹж˲ٳ룬ԼݣԼı֪֡ĸ͸ѧѧϸŮĴһ㣬֪ʲôǵ𱰡
΢΢һЦΪǽ㣬Щ긮ϵĽö㣬ʵ˼Ҵ۵۳סԣ֪Щж𣿡
浲˵ˣ֪˵ǶԵģǲԼ塢̰ᡣ
極ЦԺΪ֮գӽҽ֮ԺòҪңҲΪǽӵġ




107 Ų
 

ԺԶһ䵭һЦºͣ˲֪˵ʲôϸֳһ˿Цȥ
ƺˣͣ½Ųת㿴һϮɫվڲԶһǳЦݡ
ױؾһ֣ԭ԰ӶʱһĨɫĿһĨޣȻֱȡһЦ粽ȥ
վһ÷ǰ߹ȥŲԶľ롣
飬Ҫл¡ڳһôʹĴӦ
Ц֮ͰˣߣǊuãңô᲻ӦοҲûлֻյΪʵҹĿ࿴
極ЩЩѵˡ
һ㶣ȻһЦ֪³һΪ
ûнӻĿϣ²ҪĴƻ֪ңǶΪҡҵĽֻҪʹúõأĹϵȻһġ
⻰˼һһ֧ģǣ֧ǰuá
˲極֮極Ŀࡣǰֻ֪ǸǧС㣬ı仯Ҳ̫ˣ˿͸˼
ֻǱǰ˼Ͷˡ
Ȼܾ極ʾãɫס
楴΢Цˣȸˣĸڵҡ
u뿪楻ص
ӭ㣬ˣ
Ц룬ܿҪˡ
ĵްռްգٵǴĶ
ߵģ楾úЦˣؼĲǴĶʴ㣬ԼˣԾɲֻͣ»취Ըǵġ
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䡽ӹһյ裬һ˵ǡǸУ޹ȥôкӹ
һ£һ浣ټͲϲŮӣ浼޹ȥֻػѵһ޵ġ簮ӵţ˵ܾĥܻпͷԾˡ
Τôõ˼ϧȥҡա
㣬Ҫ𣿡䡳ɵ㲻֪ʲôֻ¾һͻλȻǾͻۼҸ·ˡ
Цֻ˵ǲδ˵ϻλ֮£ֻиó
ں峺һĨƭ
څһڲ裺ôܽƭأǸȡˡǹͬĵˣҰѾ御ˡ
˵ţֱ㵽
֪浺Ͱһ̫֪ˣ̫Ѿµࡣ
楸ŹȰã̫˰
̫˿̾һԹֵ˶ȥգûҵ˭Խ
ûһᣬ˾Ͷȥˣֻ楺̫ˣԼĸ
ŵů紺Ѿź´멣ҵ˱𴦣ֵݸһ¯
̫֣
楾һµĺӣϴֺõЦݣĽһĸ
̫ıӣֽ§ڻͳ׼᲻ǲǣ
楿̫˻Цˣ֪ĸˣԲŸҹ
ֱ̫֣ģţ˵գΪʲô
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Ҳ˵ǡ
ʹ˸壬˼һᣬ浵ȫ֪̫ˡ
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極ͷǧȷҲֶԸ㲻֮λ壬֪ڸġҪǣΪһ֮˽һ㣬Ҳ޷̵ġ
̫˺ðû˵һվֻ̾˿ΪʲôΪʲôҪôѵˣ
̫Ȼ谮һ谮浣ǴӲȱģΪ㣬Ϊѡ˼ҡ
˼ҵŮö඼ʸȨӣǵṲ̊ʯҲôԴŮǺúýѰ˼Ҽˣһƽ֡
ţһֻǡ
̫ҡͷ̾ϢСˣƽղɽ¶ˮģȻô˼
ȰοĸҪʱһ˺ãỻһ˵ĸжԹĲࡣʵһʼĸͲôõĴҲ
̫˵ҵĴҵʱţŮұȲӣ㲻ףֺαѧôСȥŮأߣҲȱһڷԣôŮͲذݷָŵˣǼǳԴöȫһġֻû뵽Ϊҵʴȣȴе˼OǣҲǡ
Ϊ̫ƽˣԲһʼԼݣΪԶȡԼĶȻ̰ᣬҾ޸һĿˣ۹ޣƲݱ͵ˣڶϱѡϸ浼޹ȥһõѵģҲΪ
ᵽ˪˪̫¶ΣǰֻСС;ȥʵǿû뵽ȻǱǼҵŮģԺôΤˣ
極ΣΤ֪Τ˲ֻԹ浣ҲԹңϾҵŮΤӵĻҲġ
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ΤӺһ겻ϣҪΪӰ촺ǡ
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ĸҪǽ浵£ҪҪһ浣
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档浣JҲòȥЩʲôˣ
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Ϊ浵æµ̫˽ȥĵˣ±̫֪ˡ
ҴҸϵȰãƿӣӼĸ
δ䣬һ軭÷İɫյ˹ȥ
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ôˣǳжƷԱȴǱ̫ѵĲҿֻϴ
̫ЦǴҾ㣬һΣǶ͸Ұѵˣ
ӾϽֻֻжֳȥ˲֪ҪοӡߣТΪȣĸ׽ڣôܳĸ߾Тֻ˶ڱӵļǡ
̫ЦЦΪڵĹλѾЩˡ
ͷ󺹣ТЩʲô
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ң
ǣŵһһȢ浹šԴǿУĸףѾ˷֮ʵҲԸ⸺ͳȫǰգҲһ޹
̫˶ۻ𣺡˼һ֪浵᲻úͰҽ׵Ļᡣ
ɫڨڨѾӦˣûа취ġ
̫Ⱦ˱ŭôϾĴΪ˲ϧŮ
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̫ЦһˣҾͲ˵ˣȥա
̧ͷĸף
̫˻ӻ֣ȥա콫浼޳ȥҲٿԺǻ޹ء
⻰˵ƽƽͻȻľֻǵסӲĸˣиˡ
һߣ楾ʹˡ
̫ɫأִҪͶˡ
һ㣬֪𣿡
̫࣬ǰֻ֪ĶӣٸһλᡭȻȰ棬ҾͲٹˣԺ޹أΪԼҪ㣬ҲĴ
̫ô˵Ķʧ͸ˡ
ǰ£ҲûŹǡ
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Тڼɻ飬Լޣ֮Ҳ̫֣ܱ桱һС̧á
浳޵ǰһ죬Ƕȥˣֻ濻ЩŤֻҪ浣뵽浺ͰŴƵΣöġ
˽˿Ƕ챦ʯ˫䲽ҡױҲ˶
Oü֪Ϊλ޸󣬴Ҹ˼˵˼䳡滰ͻȥˣҲûյ׽
ͻȻվס楣á
楽Ųסͷ㻹ʲôҪ˵
͵֧ҡЦΰ´λ㡣㲻Ҫ̫⣬²ǾԸ
лѡ赭д֪ԹңҲ⡣侯Щú룬ڰվȽŸ˵˲̫ദأ簮ĶӣӦÿõԺʲôӰգ
˵꣬ٿתȥ
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͡СˣҲ֪һֽţļ뿪ˡ
ĸѾֻʣһ
Ц䣬̵°ͣңأ
ϽڵأūǹˣǹĹԹ޶ġ
ЦΪ᣺㣬ôʲôСźȻġ
̱ģū澶ԹĹᱳѹΥú
΢Цˣ㷢ôصʲôģֻҪģҲġ
̸м㣺ūл
̶ʱգ桺浶ˣҲֻʣһOڸеλúΣΪ̫˲ϲ㲻ˡ
ϵɥҲˣ˳ٳٲߣԾɰסţҲøǻȥ
үǲǸûȥˣܲһֱסšĸ
Ѿʶ˾ǵķȻȥɥЩӣ˲ٴٹˣǿҵϡҼ޽ңôô˸ء
ԽԽĶҪҲš
۾ʲôûиߡ˼עӣǾ˻ġ
ĸȻҲʸңҪЩ档̾ҪӣԻóԺסĴǣҲҪסţ˼˽ﲻ֪ôء
ɵһۣʲôҵٻȡ֮ôһڳԵģߣҿ˵ˣҲסңס˰˾Ÿˡ
ĸ˵ҷ˺ĶӰգҴˣ˼ΪҪƾٲʱľңȿƾٹ˼Ҿͻȥҿ̫˵ңסҲʲôǲһСûйǵסһʱ䣬СѾûˣ桳ޣJֺǲ׽ټסΣοүͣô᲻Ȣأסⲻá
ϧ̾ȥҲ̫ˣװ˷ҵٻ󡣡
ĸĲð裬ǰ
Ұʾ÷ТJȢޣȢۼ⣬ƵģԾƲۼҡɲТˣ޸Jˡ
ĸԹȷ˼˵ˡ㣬˵ۼŮƯԺд컯ŮĻµˡ
ɲΪ⣺ʲô˾ǣӵܶǣŮ޲ȥ˵䡵ǲϮ˾Ҷģ̫Сˡ
ߣ̫ҲΪ䡶¡
ĸһĽҴ󷿵үȥˣҲźţûֵܣҲ᲻˺Ҳֻһ㻹ǿҪˡǴŵҵĺ£Ҳ֪˭ҹиܼ޽
ҲĶǰôҲһ˵ģŻ޹ʱҲļױʱһ֣ʣࡣ
ĸױŮʣµȻġ
˵Ĵ˴˶٣ɿһۣԴӱ˴пۺ̰
޸൱ڼһɽȢ൱Ȣһ˭Ķأ
楲֪ѾƲˣ˵֮¡
ٹգȥΪٰ磬ȻҲǡ
СǾٰСѣͼϲ졣
Ȼǰuһ楿ȷ۰ģܵľҲΪչչ˵ĺܺá
δˣҲ֪ǸദΣô˻Ҫúô̽һ¡
̫ӼһҪȥġһ磬̫˾ϴù֮ҽһȥ
̫˴Űɫȹƣ幤ϸܣȹ޼仹ߡһͷ纳ɷ٣ϲŹӵһֻɫӣ壬Ŀ⾼ȻϣԽԵӺݻˡ
楲̫ˣ̫˵װЦü䣺ĸÿ
̫ЦǺǵҪȻҪúʰһ
δĸˣǰȥһܿġ
ϼ濺Oں棬΢Ц̫˺̸Ц
δߵſڣȴĸŮ
һֹͣ˵ЦˡȻˣ޶ãֻܺĸ
ĸ̫Ц˼Ҫţ
̫ҲֻܻһЦָָһ˵СŮҴȫһȥ
ĸЦĸˣԭҪȥ˵ⶼˣûмءСҲϲСӣһֱҲ׼˼ֻһֱûлᡣ
⻰˼̫ˣĸȥ̫ЩãΪʸ֦Ϊʵ
̫˴һȥֱ˵𣬸Ĩǣֱ˵˵̫˻ܾܾɣ
վĸߣЩִٲϣܺһȥġ
̫˲þܾʲôѵģҶݣǷ˷ģｻǾͳˡ




108 ƽӹ̫
 

Ϊòڣ׾˵ƾòȻܼţ๫ҲףǸ׶ûӦҲմմϲڸ׵ӰΪԼд컯
Ǽҹ֪ˣǰΪòҲòֵһᣬҪ£ԶȲǵȡһ򽾰ЩԱ֮Уȴ̲סԱȡ
ȥʹᶨ˼ŵľġĸȥʱڴ
ûһҪֻϣʶһЩȨˡ
̫ô˵˿Ķ̫˼ָл
ĸоϲֻ΢Цأǻ鷳
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ЦȻô˵ҾͷˣǶлˡ
˿
ĸʹ˸ɫЦЦ̫ߡ
ȻͻȻʲôƵģϣҲˣҾͲˣͳȥա
̫˵ͷǰ˲Ȼ̫һġ⣬ͺ䵥Oһա
ԶǺԶʱ͵ˡ
һſڣŮӭȥ̫
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楾Ŵѩʵ㻹𣿡
ѩسһ£Цܺãʱ߶ء
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ˣҲ½½Ĵˣѩ߹ȥڿʱ
΢ЦֶŮδݼ㣬Խǰˡ
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ѩû˵˽ȥˡ
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ͷǰԺЩҲǱضܱһС֡
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˵ţһŮǰ˵̫Ӻ;ȼλүˡ
uȥǰ棬̫ˡ
ã·ȥǡ
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̫ʵֱףu˼һᣬûãֶŮΪ˰ҺȷЪϢ˼ΣҲûң󲿷ʱġ
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uĸľǣұϾ۸϶ټ檣׶ҡҵĵλ
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u֪̫˵ʲôֻпɬ
ĸҪܲҵ£ӲҪuתƻ⣬ˣô䡶
̫˵һӣһȺŮ˺治ʣԾǰ˺أһܼˡ
䡶ھаȻ϶ӵչˣһҶҪлǡ
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ϸǹϵȽ׽ˣҲû硣
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һ񣺡Ϸˣ
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üչ̫ǲǲϲ
ⲻǷϻ̫uĸôϲŮأ
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᣺Ĵú˼롣
⸱ģ˭۸Ƶġ
uڱǰź򣬽ոҲˣȥǱߣҲ⡣
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ʵϣֻǸŮڸҲܳ裬ǸҪһ̤ʯôҲ뵽ȻǸˣǺǲ׽
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Сˡ̫쵽ĸҿ
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δԽƯˣһ͵һǸˡ
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̫ĿͣĿתĿ㶢ϵ飬תתȥƺǲػζ̧ץסˡ
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ϣͱ˱볶֧
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δ䣬̫ͽúá
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̫΢ЦΪȻʲôȱģ£С·
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΢΢һ֮̾ˣ̫ôģܿɹġ
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Щֵܹϵƫƫֲίߡ뱣ס̫֮λȴΪơҵÿεʵǰ˰ǰȴԴΪ䣬ֻ֪֡
̫ӣʵ۷ֻס
ĿŮϯƵƵ楣ڿʱǰһ
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ԣķԸȥ̽һ
㣬ӱˣ£Ůӽ⣬Ҷ˵ֶŮ
̫Ӷȥһ£Ҷʲôˡ
Ӹȥµӵ
ԭֵĳͻȻž
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òҲܿʣǺͳһȣ͸оЩʲô
˶סˣҲûϵ
Щֵܲ׽Ӽ˹磬ϲμʲôᡣֻǰչ˸ӣû뵽Ļ硣
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дӺ׷忡ݹЦ⣺ºң
Ц䣺Ӳ죬̸᣿
ЦһղμᣬΪգ͸ԶһЩϾֻ鷳
俴һۣ˵仰ʱȿԼֻǸȨƵɢүҪΣյöࡣ
ɫ΢䣺»
ˣڷǿ͵ۿʡ
ֱȥбϯ·ŮϯʱϵĴ𣬲źۼѰԼٻӰֻϧҪҵ˸ûпһۡ
ֵΪֲء
Ԫº񣬵һЦҲ
ˣ־ϯա
ڼУû
ȴЦҲ²Ҫ߰գ
ЦӴݹ٣СҡȻˣӼһϯλ
ֹ̧أҼǺͳһģȻǺͳһˡ

Ҳش𣬳֣ȥϯλ
żУԳ˼
˽жΣжҽƾܣԸԼȴᣬѲͶ
ʱһŮǰﱧһ٣ϣŪҡ㣬ӿ΢紵ĺ÷չŻ֦̣ͬͬϸƮˮ棬һȦȦģƽм˱֮ơطƱСˮ̲ˮУ沨öס
˽УҲǸˣЦ
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uˣҲлϲչ˵ãȥͰա
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Ц翴ʲôأ
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СҲֻǸ輧ҪŪǺ׵¡
΢΢Ʊһ
桽Ҳž֮ϣΪλȻ֮йͬĵˣ桺һ˽֪˵ʲô
״Ͱ˵ʲôĻء
֪ǲǹģߣȴشÿ˶УȤĿߡ
浾һ˫ӽ楣˵¹ղһѡ
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Ŀһ٣̶Ц˵Цˣ¹˭˲֪˭˲û˿ƥУôһأѲ¹պúõˣ
桵Ȼ
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Цգ¹ȷֺֻΪ˵͵Ըǰչʾˡ
˸ǰδſʲôڵĲգĪڿЦ
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˶楣ҲϣܴӦһΪȤһǿЦ
ڳˣ˭֪桺楹ϵ֪ǰպãѿ楲ӦǳϼˣӦˣȡ衣
uõü極ǣһ첻£Ͳʹ졣
楲ЦЦŲΪ
վ̫ʩһ񣬴󷽷ֻҪ̫ӵʧˣѧǳ黭һ򲻾ͨټδϰʱֻ࣬»Ц󷽡
Ц̫ǫˣҿۿء
ڳΪֺ½ۣôࡣ
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̫޴桱ʼٸߣ浺͸Ʋİס
ϣǴ˰գպõķǶ㡣÷ǳַģʮϲգһһҹΪŮҲŸ赸һ˵һ裬Ȼܶǡ
楺ĽҴ浵ĳ÷һǸ輧
һŭСĳϵ˿ڡñ˿ǱϽƽӣסһ޺ۡ
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ôҲǸҵճŮ̵סҪ༥ȴһۣͳʵʵţö˶˵ȥʲô
˭uáԸuԸ
̫Щŭ楷ҽھܾһ̫ӣӶ
Բ̫ӻ֣¹ǶʶαñأǺŮٲǴʱˣֲַ輧ΪΪҪգ
⻰ܺõķ˵ĻƳһۣͷһͷȥ
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ϯλһᣬu㣬Ҽǵ÷ÿȥߡ
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楳˳ǣ浣һ㵹һҵı£ָңŲƲչʾգҳѵֻңҷ
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㣬䵽ڵ³ȡȣĿǺεӶ񣬡Ҽǵ˵ٸңҲӵġ⻰𣿡
԰գתȥ
楣ںס㿴
浽ƿɭЩ𣿡




109 ¶֮
 

ƿӣһذֱ۱¶ںķСֻǣԭ覵ļϣһİ̺ݺύѪ
Ǻ⣺楣𣿡
楲⣬Ҳûһ˿һͬ顣ֻЩ࣬ǱˣǰuЩ£ܵЩͲʲô
ü΢֪ں޼ңͬģҲ֪ǸܿˣԣҪ˴ˣҲ˵˾úҸôΪҪ˵ЩҿЦأ
ҧгݣҹʲôӣ㲻Ԥϵ𣿾ûҲڱЦҲ𣿡
楴𣺡̫߹ԼˣʲôǣҲÿ˷ʱȥʲôӡ
һȻޱ޼ʵŭ𣺡ãҾ͸㣬ҹʲôӡ
極ƳƼ
һ߽˪֪ģжģ»һҹû·ޣȥϷݣڶպȵҳȫЦƫƫƲǸŮһͽҹȥһ˵ûûأź򲻺÷ס
˰£ݺһ˲ҺǺҲ᲻谮Сӣ㽫һǻŭйϣҲż޹ȥҵô˵淣죬ҹôӲĵϣ׽紵һĸ۵Ĳˣҵʹࣿ
зƣҲҳһٱ޴ԣǸҪӵˣֻڶÿ첻ҾҪźĸǺȲ軹ǳԷء·СĸһҪÿһš
ʵǱ˳ԷվԱźˣÿζĸ꣬ҲȥԷίҷŭǹأҲܲƫƫ󷿶ˣҲʡ͵ĵƣ裬侮ʯЩ˼Ҳó裬Ҳ²ˣͲҵӡί޿˵ܻܡ
Ǹˣڴ֮ҲҶĥҺ޲ɱ֪𣬶ٴҶ˶ˣһ뵽㻹ţuţҾͲôȥ楣䵽ڵĵز㺦ģΪʲôȥΪʲôȥ
ûκϧ֮⣬Ц˶ûΪҪ浣䵽ڵĵزǱӦ㣬Ҵδڹ
ЦǰĻˣôء
Į浣ʱϻιԺӰգϾ㻹ᣬӻء
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࣬һںԵøˡֲס޷ڰվסţҲΪǸĵӵġ
Լˡ
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һתͷͿһѺذ׽ǰ
һͣۿذҪĿڡ
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楽۾ΪԼˡ
ͻȻॡһذӦأһȷ˹ذף楻ûſ۾һůĻ
ǳ
楴һ˲ƿɫЩңл³ȡ
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ҲϽȥû˲ŷġ
ҶһĲæūûù𷣡
ĿһֻۣҶ極Ůܲ֡
楷·ͻȻ˭뵽浻ַľٶⲻ㡣
˶ֻ˵楣ͷһˡ
Ҳ޳Ƿ𣬾Ȼ£
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ҵôΣյ£Цó
ЦɭȻǰƵԽ裬Խˡ
ҶŭѣҪҪū澽ץã
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á۵׸ֳһĨͬھȻٰѰңô⣿ҼȺúûţҪڰĥһҲܲˣʱ͵ˡ
˽浣浲ѰҪѰҲҪʹൽ£ʱҲҪ汳ġ
˽極뷨Ԫס浣ȴˡ
ĿĿǹк᣺ͺãֻ´ǧҪ⣬Ҳÿζܼʱֵġ
˫峺ӣһ۵ףĵǺɼκʡ
㿪ӣͷл¡
񾯸㿴ҶһۣҶɫȻūһᱣù´Ρ
԰һᣬŻصϣΪ𲻱ҪᣬһŽȥ
楻صuţһ߶Ūһʵأ
uü˵ӲȸǻȥˡȥҲãҲ࿴һۣҵۡ
ô˵ĺˡ
㣬ƺˣﻳ
uִȥЪϢա
桲֪ΪͻȻ뿪Ҳ⡣ԭϵԶȴһ̬еԼߡ
һ˫ˮӣë΢ͷ
ѵõ飬£ǱãЩʲô㲻⣬ұþͺˡ
ܳ¶ӣá
桺οģϸĸײȥҾ뿪ң֮æĸ׵ɥ£ǱҲûʱɣȻˣǿҪú˵Ự
סңȻóԺúȵдҹ࣬׽㣬ҲѰ˵顣
̾Ϣ桲ıס
жݣЦףá
桹еһпɻϰߣ˾˺;ĸ𣿡
лùһ̫˶ǺܺãĸҲܺãһжϰߡ
ЦҾͷˡ֪Ҫסã
⡭ɫЩΡ
ѵҪ˵ɱʹҲߣ
㲻ҪᣬûҪ˼æֻЩҪһ
˵Ҫߣ˿̶ɻҪʲô
桵˾˺;ĸǲǴ㶨ھǣ
еע£ʵʵ˵׵ȷȥˡߣ񣬸ôھǶ飬ٲμǡ
뷨ûġ桵ұҲΪƾصص˾ǣΪҵݣǽʶ˲˼ҵĹӺ͵壬ҵϣ˶Ϳǰֵ˽Ԫ˶޲أشҲһܸС
ڸҵô
Ҳᵽһ㣬ݣҲܵμᡣ
ҪõסңҲûе
桹۲ɫֵ;˾˾ĸͰס°գĸʹˣԽ֣ϲƯСˡܼңԸˬʣ˺ʲôҪȥѰؿ
ͬ˵ȷǴ˺
ֻԥҪҪ˵
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̾˿ֻо仰㣬֪ò˵
лֱ˵ǡ
˼һᣬѲŵұ㣬ҲûĵЩһǰ֪źá
ʲôˡ
ĳûãǲ֪ĸôһֱĸ׹ܼңĸˣĸܼȨҲʱģĸףúͶܹܼҰˡ
ĸ۰úͶܣԵȵܳȢӣܼȨҪصϵģǳҪӶõģϾλǴ󷿵ģҽҲǴ󷿵ġڶ⣬Ժ綼ҪȥģʱͲǺˣҪ̶ܡԣң򲻿ɵã¶
ͷлѣֻǡﲻ˵ˣ˺ܺƿףҲѹˡ
ҡͷЦЦûмǰӣ񳤴ˣҪѰżˣԲŲòӡ
֪ǰʲôӣ
εЦЦ׽ĸ̫Ҳϲ˽ԵӣҪûʲôòģϲ˭Ҳ˭ӡ˵˴ѹ͵ǻҲҵ̫ͱֻСӣӲ
΢΢ȣҵûпѹַҲ̫ӵµӡ
ԣ֪õĿɽ˰գ첻µز¡Ȼڿƶˣ㻹ǲҪĵǱЦ˵ףúǲһġ
⿴極ӰĿһĨۣǰŮǲһġ
ס極Թޣ̾һõݣҲܽġȴǱúദƴӡֻҲ켰ˣĸΪ²أüˣ󷿾ʣ¶һˣһܹµĸҲһ˵ġ
תֲɵӣ桱˼
һ䡵ģԺҪǣܸߣΪܵõٺô楽裬ԺҲҪ޳ȥģδӲίǣ󷿾һˣ޹ȥĹﲻźţᱻŴĥ
֮ŲףΪʸ֦õ˼ңȻĶֻϧСǱ䡴ء
ƺʲôܿʮˣٹҲöˡھЩӵܣ֪Ժܻ֡ǺбġҲ֪˭ҹôиܼ޸ܡҾãǸһҪչ˺öܣĸʹˣĸȥҲҪ뿪ңиصĹչ˺ĸôܷĵ£
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֪ôֳ︡Ůש仰
˼ҵӶȷ꣬Ǳ䡴꣬ʲôеأ
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⣬⡣Ц㣬ҽüˡ
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Եķ˷ߵ鷢ĲɵЦЦûûʲô
Ҳ𴩣ԣ֪ڸϵĵλˣദʱҪСЩòǾ仰˵ˣǺ㡣
лѣ֪ˡ
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ޣ۵ǵͨ죬Ҳ͸ˡֽźһ裬ܵӣƺ޵ʱ̫ˣĺԽԽأԽԽѡuţȴҲֽܰţҪuĻ
һԿż̫ҽôû
̫˱ϲţҲһԺӵŮֶսսĹţҲҳ
ߵuߣԡ
楻ûбõƽЩԽˡ
uۣס
ã̫ҽһ·Сܹûúôͱǰ
Ҫͳӽ棺̫ҽһ
޵ɤӶˣҲǵԽԽ죬ԽԽԽԽ̣楿˶ܡ
̫ҽһʵСʲôʱʼģ
uһǰӺܺãû
̫ҽüС֢״Ǵ֢֮
ôΪλͻȻô
̫ҽԥһ£΢ΪⲢǲǶ
˶ɫ䣬ȻжڳкϵˣҲɥĲĶһСְôѩɰ˭ô
䣺˶̫ҽȷ
̫ҽͷ˾Ųʮ
̫ҽҽ̫߳ҽԺԺУĻӦÿš
ܳ谮ŭɫ˭ô󵨸ıŮ
Ŀɨһ澣ն˭ź򣿡
ܸ¶һܽӽģ˱ˡ
ҲΪģƽ£֮ȾıһٲҲ١
ŭΪ楻ܱ򶨡֪ǣһѻھȼţǽ̣޲ý˶̿
ԽǷŭԽҪƽӰԼжϡ
Ȼ֪˵ǶԵģ̫ҽڸνⶾ
̫ҽЩΪѣ΢жϳСкζ
Թʲô
ʣСղһС࣬÷⡢ܽظ⡭Щÿһ㡣
˵ÿһ㣬ÿҧһھͶһߡ
楳Ƭ̵ʣµ͸㶼ùա
㣬Ůʮ˹̫ҽÿһˣҡҡͷЩ޶
uᣬ˵
ݳ۾ޣϵЩģȻԵûб¶ǾǴõġ̫ҽͷˡ
Ϊ·ֽϴĽȦ̫ҽ
̫ҽϸЩ·ҡ׵ûб¶
Щأһ
̫ҽ޶
ͽŻԼСͷϵ黨Ǵõģδ뿪СǸȦǵ͸Сġ
ǵ͵ģҲЩá
ͬ˵ǡ̫ҽͷϸһ
̫ҽˣ˽ȦϵĽӸһСգȻȡˮ
ˮһ֡ˮҪմȾӱܻʵϲֻǽӣǵʬ˿ϣܻˮ
ֶ̫ΣգҲ˻óá
һᣬ̫ҽСĽһСӷ뻯ˮУƬ̣Ӿͱܻˮˡ
˶ŵĿһĻ̫ҽţϸˣջ̾˿ȷʵ޶
仰˵꣬޵ʱΪѶ
ٵȥ˵ûûˡ
楿һ첽ȥں溰㣬ȥ
楽ŲͣûҶҲܳȥ
ųſڣ㿴Ĵæĸ˿Ҳ΢΢ҡһһºͳ嵭ݲȣǲʳ˼̻ǵһμż
̫࣬ΪߵĶݷ硣
˲Ȼݷġ
ԴǿУδͷˡ
̫ļ٣΢ȣ楶㽫δˣ
楿һ۵ǳȥĶδ򡣡
̫ǣʱҲʣδ򣬰ˡ
Ͳ˲źãȴãǴĽУѵܱȵù̫ҽҽӽһ
ῴ˼һۣһ£㲻ܰæ⿪ڰա
ǱļɫŵˣίίӣҲһãòҲͰˣΪλָ𣿡
зƣúϻ
£ͷ̺ܽĲ
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ݷЩҴ廹ϲ̫ҽ
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δҲ̫ˡ
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ݷһСᰲȻ
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楶Щ۳ţδա
ݷȾ֣ȻǰһɫصСѪزݵĶ
uͷӽţʲôܽ⣿
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ͻôѩȥץҩһֵȻҲˣ˵þͻ·أʱ䡣
ҶŴѩһ·ɱȥ̺ҲͻˣȻְնݷ˵ķҩǿиιȥһʱ
Ȼ˳˲٣ҲֹͣɫҲûôǺˡ
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ݷЦЦ̸ָϡҲżȻһϼѪزϽһֶݡ˵ȥֻҪһţжʹ˺ѣûмʱƽҩʱͻᱻ˶ɫζºҲ˿ڣɱСֻµ鲻ʱ
極ѹ̫ҽôãĻ֮˽
ĿȺѲţȷ˭Ļָʹ
浣档ǵȷԼг𣬿һھһܽ쵽𣿶ңжʱ䣬ԾڷŲã֮죬úˡ
ֻߣǸã뺦ֿɴu
ٻߣǸǸҲпܣʶⲻǾġ
ᱻŪڹƣж鷳һҪʵࡣ
˼ˣͷ˶Ѱֻ
Ȼ⣬ȥˡ
㣬żֻƺʶΣգſߴߴиͣ
極ͷδаĶŽˮС
ݷһѶҲ鷳ˡ
ǴҶϲϷûòͷ
ãݷ罫ܻ˳ĻˮιһֻġͻȻĴ󺰴͵ҵĻţ鴤˶ŵˣһ˶㡣
һ̣ľֹͣ˼Уɿ˼£һˡ
ݷĻ֮˽ѪزݵķֻС
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ûǴ̫͸ġ
ǣݷ
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תͷ̫¶˼ı顣
˶ûɡֵĿ⿴
̫֪ʲô£͵ĳôͻȻжˣ
â¶ɩ룬Ҫһ͡




110 ̫
 

ӵ˶ע̫Ҳʮֻҡ
ΪλжҲ֪Ҳûôȥһ޹ĺӣĲġն
ȴǲţ㲻̫ģҲ̫ģǷޣǲ̫ʲôأ
ɩ͸ģǴһ˶Ҵҩͱڳ
̫ҡͷҲ֪ҸҷģģҶúôɰҲϲôẦ
uҲһֱ̫Ʒ֤ȷ䣬ֲòɣֻվ߲˵
楿һĻ˼תó̫Ҳܵ˾ţ顣
֪αװеĻϲȴװ޺֪̫̫ӵӣ֤ȷ䣬ǲı̫
ȴǲš
ɩ˼ǣ˹ݺ㣿
̫ǿ򶨣û
һЦһֱ̫ߣݺ㣬ҲҪõСˣ֮ǰ֪ɩҪʲôҲ֪˭ݺ˴ɩ
̫죬ֻпԡֻΪϲôẦж
۽ɨ̫о仰һʡ
˵̫
εõģ߶೤ʱˣ
̫ʵҵޡǰյµҾͷԸ˽ҳˡ
極֮ǰһֱûó𣿡
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֮ѰǽӴİգ
ֻ̫ǼŮܽӴõ֮ǰҲδȥѰ
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ҪôԼ͵¶ǹԱ̫
˼Ƭ̵Ƕδ˵ˣѪزɫζǶδϼֶͲ鲻
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ǷŭǻҿıȻʲôС£ȻҪ游ָ֪
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̫Ը˵ʺ˵ĳ˼ң֪ټ̫Ѿ̫κ׽ǽǵɼˡ
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˵ţźۼuʹ˸ɫ
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̫ԽԽ䣬ָʫأΪҪңźҶ꣬Ҷ㲻
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쵽ʱ楼ת࣬ҲǻظȴڸճԺӵʱ
»ˡ
ĬĬͻȻɷһ˵
楿˿ɫ
ģᵢ̫ʱ䡣
ףҲá
ЩҲҪ˵
極ԶԶĸţ԰ӡ÷ȴޣĵ԰ӡ
һƬ÷ǰ÷ƻ˫
楿֦ͷһֱ÷Ҫ˵ʲô
÷Ĳӳˡ˶٣ǵΪҪ̫ѵ֮ǰ˵ĻǼٵģ
楴𣺡ôڹƻԸ̫ӵĻ𣿡




111 ҹ̽
 

ֱ׵ķʣһҭĬĬʵѵ𣿡
Ц
ˮһʲôʱ⸱Ȼģ
վ̲סֵʵǲ㣬֪̫̫ǷޣֻҪʵ̫ʱȻὫ̫ǣȥҲģΪλҪѾ˼Ϊ̫ϴ
極͵һ̾׵µ˼̫޳Ǹֻ̫ӹܣԽʱֻҪ΢һֽţͻָ̫ʹ̫𣿡
Ϣһѵ㲢Ĵ֮ˣӦ֪Һ;̫֮ǲݵģҪ취زźáԣҲܷŹκλᡣ㣬ΪҪƻأ
һ˫壬֡ûҵȷʲôĴˣҴ󷿺һϵˣԾΪԼҲþ콫̫ӡءǣ̫޹ġҵȷֶκݶǶԵˣ̫ϲҲܲıﵽĿġ
üͬɴ߲Сڣܸ֮ʣڻʼҸֶһþٲôƾ£
ЦȻм⣺£ʼΪһĻӦñһߣ򣬾㽫ϸλҲԷڡ
ľʾͷһ˵˵ȥ㻹ˡ
楲Ϊ⣺ΪһŮӣһ޹ŮӦһŮǰͬŮӵ̫Į̫ʰգ
ЦףϢһ͡
楽޴ͷԼ򵥹ֵָ߹󷽣Լǿġ
ǣǵһ楾ȻײԼԼãҲգ
楺񿴳˼΢΢Цϣ֪ǵĹϵ໥ĹϵȻҴףһپһҡңǵĹϵƽȵģҲǸȡ裬²ܽҵһңԼĵ
һƽͣһαһŮĬһᣬסԣΪ̫ɾ̫ͬ
ЦȻ֦ͷĺ÷Ѥ֣ң̫͹ˡ
⣺ѵбԭ򣿡
ûлش𣬶ʵ¿շʵԱ˵ˣ
ҧˡʵ֡
ôڳͼӴҲС
Ǿͺá極ԭһĵ¼ɣ̫Ӽء
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ƲƲҲ̫ɶ̫̰ˣ޵ļԹ谭޷ȢΪޣҪôⰡ
¾ˣԶԼдԶԼޡֻҪ˿һޣǾ޵Ĵǻ޲ȣΪԼĶҲĺ֮ҶȡԼĶֶξȲѡ
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Ʋŵǳֻ㡣
˵Ц½
ЩԹǵʱôˣ࿴һ۶ҡԭѰ㣬վ̲סȲˡ




112 ô
 

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ֻʧ룺ĸҡ
ҲֻһŮжģȻͻСȼ޸áܽˣø
㲻ң㵨Ӵúܣܽ쵽̫Ӹб°ǬuƺôлϾͻὫ˵㻹ܺúû𣿡
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Ҷľն񶾵Ůˣǿϣˡ
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ѵﲻǷŹˣ
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Դˣһرһô
ǡڴʱ߽ǰݼ
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楱ã楻ԶѾܷˣô
Ϊ˱ʾ׽ܱýеļΪ˳ڡ
źۼĴ楡ֻһҳ磬ȴɫס֪Ȳ̲ס࿴һۡ
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ҶԸ̡ⲻȥǾͰҰŲʲôҳסһ
ҽӹʳУó㣬Ȼζģ¡
Ȼ˼ˣҲֻܳһȴȱȱȴڿǵ߸ʱ۾
ⰵй۲䡵ɫһϲȻͿһֻҧһڡ
楷еӸ⣬ȻɣƯҲôá
ɬһЦϲͺáȻСĿ䡣ܾأ
䡷¸㣬¶һЦζͦõġ
ȴûķܣһЦϲͺã´Щ
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Щʧܿȼ˶־Ҿõġ
ܿ죬Ϊ˲裬楿ĵǴҵ裬ﳢһζɻã
װ£ٺõĲ裬ҲûûζġҲ˵ֻǾƷ裬ʱʱָ䡿飬гķΧȫڲȥˡ
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極´ʱˡ
ģòǴҹ㣬֪֪ÿʲô飬Ҳϲ飬ǿԣָһ
ĬĬƤ档⿴һסˡ
ʲô˹żǼΪ׵Ļӡ
дšݺЩΡ
ЦеʧˣҿֻǴʱĻӰˡȤҿԽ㿴СֻͨĻдţνĲȻÿ˯ǰҪһء
һЦˣ㣬ôҲǴҹ㣬Ȼ飬ڿǰ¶˳¶𣿡
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գϷԺʹϷ̨ӡ
ǶϷ̨Ȼ棬һ沼õű£ź죬ŵһ紺ů
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̫üôͻȻҪȥˣϵźܵ𣿡
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ĸ˵ﻰԺӻأǴǶ಻áʱˣ
̫˵˵ˣҰ㿴լҲУǸլӱҽЩ
Цġ
ĸЩͻȻѰ




113 ·
 

ֻһһŮӴ˳ϷزҶ߻һѾװС
һᣬִĻһŰ¡ȣװӣǸʩһ
ˣ֪ôͻȻǰ￴ĻӣԭλﻹпϷϲã
泪֣̫˿ҲǾˣǸòǻֺã̫˿ͷһᳪϷһЩǮ
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ԣ̫Ҳοã²Ҳϲֻ䡶ͻСһҽأҵԵֶ֣ϱҲǲġ
ЦҼʱͨôõĹҪĸȥˡǻ˵䡸ҲʮˣٹҲˣʱĸеæˡ
̫˿һۣ䡺˵Ҳء
˵䡸ǳϮ˾Ҫ̳ҼҵģȻҪǧãһ˿һҪܳеڸΡ
̫̾һ˼ȻסûµˣЩҪҲĲУ˵ŮҪƷҲҪҲ̫سˣȴССĽ̵ĺӡǛJȢޣҲôҪ󡣵ǳϱҪڸģֻǵô򵥣䡶ӣҪŵԣҪׯвŸɣˣҲܽҽǡǳ̫͵Ĺҿǲġ
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̫һȻôˣ
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лͣȥˡ
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ĸĺܺãŮӲӡŮȾ˷֣ŮΪ檡Ů˷绯£٣ֻ˰ڲ楳߹ȻԼ޸Եޡ
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ĸǸﲻã̫ƾʲôӣУ̫ô֪Ĵ㣿
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һӣҾͷˣԭһΪ᲻ϲϷأϾﲻңǿЩ顣
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ĿҴӲȱǼڷˣֻǶˣѾȥҲʡңҲǻǳʲô鷳Щߡ
ЦһǸ֪֪Ȥģڶɥ͸뿪ˣȴŲߣԽͷϡǰ˸ÿԺӶȥˣյˣ
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ĸʲôݣСѾûˣǻ˼̫˿˵ˣŮ޸ǶӣȢˡˣǻʲô
ɻǲԸٵȵȣҲа취ء
ʲô취ĸҿλǾúܣŲԹϵʲôҲҴšǻǼþհգңԺ뵱ˡ
վһԲ˵ɵͣóˡ
ĸЩ꣺㲻˵ǱضȨǷҪһϣ
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ֹȥʮգԾû̫˴Уһ̫ƢٺãҲòŭˡ
һգ楺濡Oһͬȥuʱ򣬼˸ɴֵĴһ߹ӣһ߻ҡ
룬ȴŮ
⴩ܽɫٵȹѩɫС˳ȲøŹŮִȴҲСұ񣬱һϡ
áǴкɫ̹Ȼ쿴Ϸʱ²һ㣬ʵϣҲ˼ʱȥ
ᣬ᲻áᣬˡ
ԣϣڰȥ֮ǰΪҸҴĹӣö¡
΢ЦҪȥδ
ôãδúù䣬ԳŽһҲʶһ¾ǵķ
ǵĲԡΪˣ˵Ӧúù侩ǣȴǺˡȻˣһգһĹңԳ棬һΣվͲˡǴŻҲܱ㡣
ܵҲܾһ֮Ǹ˵ʲôӡ
Žȥͣҽöúôһⲻˣֻ楡
楴һϼɫ֯ȹӣӣɫѣ޵ɫȴףĵòš
⿴Ĺɣ뵽տϷʱ̫˵Ƿ֮ĽֿµķͷǶķɫ飬ƺܻλ˵۾
ƿĿ⣬¶ģһҪѰҸ˼Ҽˣ
ȲˣĽ㡢㣬ȥ֬ӿ
楿ͷҶϡݸ֣Цãӡ
һƲ죺ˣҲȥˡ
Цȥ䱦ա
濵Ǻðա
䡿ǰ漸Ůӣǣĸں棬ֻϣǸϽ꣬Ȼȥ¥Զ
עҪʧˣۿһ˵һ˵Ǹãð춼ûҪһ֪ˣҪǹ껹ء
ʱһ£ȻͷȴһЦέ߻ϻá
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˶ȥЦ϶ӺͶ
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ٿϻõĴŴ硢ɫȣǳԴ˼ҡߵӣҲüĿʣӢ䲻
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Цãã˵ĶԡȻǾ߰գ㵢ʱ
ţҲ˷˺óʱ䡣
ҪԸ¶ǮͻȻһϣԭҵĹӺ͹ﶼڰ
һͷȴǰ
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楳ЦЦӿ˵ˣҴûڡ
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һǻԹйϣ浣ÿмεȥĥ
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楼ֱǵ죬ȻΡ޲̽楳ƤѰᡣ
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ӣôҲǺӣ˿ǲðա
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´ͷ亹Ц׷ȥϷ˵ˣǼģ˶ûרŸء
ʶȤ




114 
 

һţͻȻέưжһ£л淹ϣһҪϼҶ˵Ǹ
һϹ˵ﻰлϳ룬ͼȡ̫λãıȫлһΪϼҺθɣȻǨŭϼҡ
έˣǻʺȴ̫ӵĵĸϼҲ̫ӵĸ壬̫ӹ̲ܽϣʹл淴ܹǹⲻȥġ
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ͣ˽ŲȵԶЩһôվš
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έ΢΢㵣Ϊôʡ
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Ŀʮƽôϼһ֧̫𣿡
έû뵽ʵֱףһʱ֪ôش𣬿ðû³һ֡
ЦӲżǡ
ģеȥ̫ǴΪͳչأЩȻģֲ֧֧һ˵أϼұǴ󾰽ɽһӡ
楴ǳЦӹȻǸ߷ڣֻ˿̫Ӻϼܲɷֵģ̫ӵΪȻǣϼҡ̫Ǹʵ֮˵Ҳˣʵϡ
δ˵꣬ȴζ
έһ̫ʲôˣ̫ӡ
һӹܣԻĵҲ̫𣿡
㡭έһʱ
極Цӣǰ˵ӴôῴڵľأϼҼҷϽҴ壬ңֻݲϼҡӾã̫ӵˣϼһΣ
έ̾һ˵ʲô
ûʲôֻһ¶ӣϼҰҵǻһ񲻿ϧϼΪңӲᵳӪ˽ˣһ˿˶Ϊϼƽ
έĬãŵ֮Ҳֻǲ֪ƽ˾֡
ǲ֪û¶أ極Ϲ֪ϼĴ𣿻˵ϼ᲻ʮľȨأ
έϼƹܾȨҲ˵λȨأΪˣϲŲóȻϼҳ֡£ǽȨϼҾͻΪϵ⣬׸
罻ҪģãҲΪϼҶȡһЩʱأűʲôҪԺ˭˵׼أ
㡭έɫӵĿΪҪ˵Щ
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Ԫһӣ䣬Ӳãô˵
û鰸ϵֽ滭ͬһˡǣŻԼĻ桭欣̬
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Ԫ̾˿һֱӣȻ֪ЩӶôע۰Ͱͻ˾ǣȴԼ˼һ棬ͻȻЩء
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˴ȰãԺ֪˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ߵǰʱһ񣺡Ҫţ
ڶֶŮûʲôøУֱǱġǰֻǸСûжע͹ˣССĻҲϡ
뵽⣬ԽšһͼλͬźȾӦꡣ
楹еλȨأæҪעӣһ̫ĸᵣĵġܿǴǣһС
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˽ᣬüӣˡͷ˼ЦЦʲôüֵġʵҴŵʱ̫ˣøæȣ
極ʵҲֻǹæԵʣܿҪμӴǣҲʮֲĴ¡ҲھǶ飬òμǣ
ԵȻҲЩѧѺ͡J޷ȵģҲ
ĿһĨΣ˵Ĳ׵˼ȷҪôھǶ飬ٻϱ߲μǡ
ЦҲܺáӸλܰﵽӺܶ࣬ǽо٣ȻΪӵǰ̳һǰ;
Щ楽ô˵ùˡĲѧȴ磬˵ЩΪʱ硣
ȴҡͷЦЦⲻ֪Щ˼˵ƾֻǽˡ½˵ݣǲμӿƾ٣ҲΪǰ;ǣӣȾг˺㣬˵İԺ֮ܳ࣬Կƾ٣ֻΪϺÿˡͬģֻҪ壬ƾٲɣҲ·ߡ
ԣ鸴ӡ˵Ĳ񾩳ЩӵܣƾֻΪ˽㲻μӿƾ٣Ҳǰ;һƬԵ볯ãͨƾ·ңȻΪǰ;ˡ
뵽ܲʹһμӿƾ𣿡
Ц䡶Ĳѧʹ޷Ტۣȥμӿƾ٣һᱻЦĸԭͲָѧҵôڣ֮Ա飬ˡ
Ϊ˸ף楲ɳжΣա
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楹۲ɫͻȻ̾һڡ
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Ǿ㲻ҲòˣʱԻҪȢ¸һǳȥ
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ҲԭӣԼҪȽϵͣԭĳҲǺܸߡһЩͨٻ˼ҵĸĸҲԸ⽫Ů޽еĹΪТԭ򣬵£ѡҡ
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֪極ĵܵܣΣԽҵѣȻǲ⣬ҲԽҵѡ
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ЦѹְҼ˶侮ʯأԼܹ˵һǻ۸ˣԷ׷ȥһţ磽еԹ
Լˣ֮ͬ⣬Ǹűһ۸ǸˣʾԼǿʹʹࡣ
жĥ˰գ浣ҲԶĥ㣬ԩ޳ĥ㡣ᵽǰuί˪˪ʹ
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˰գݣٷҲ˰

һȺŮЦţЦȥˡ
ŮҺܹĿֺ࣬ѾŭȴܷŭΪ֪Ѿ߶Ὣһһһһи֪ˡ
ֹһ̣Ҳˡ޹λȥ糯ǰλȴҪȥϳ
ĹӰ鲻ɣûвμӿƾ٣ӵһƷ١Ȼʲô߹٣ȴҪÿ첻Ҫ緹ȵپøŰһݣȨ˴Ǳٳš
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ǰ棬ޱ飺źǶϱӦ֮𡣡
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촽һۣˣҾˣúúźĸװա
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Ҳȷϲ㳤ʮ꣬ϾͿʼĴ̽ɫѡ޵Ǯ˼檡ȥһʵѡһһмƵĸ̵⣬ɽʶ뵽͡Ҫȥڼǰ¶棬㵯ΪˣȻƿ㣬òҪȥ檡
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ϲòŶգԶǳ谮˵㣬ΪмƵĳ谮ӻȥʮʱΪּһһŮ϶ͼɵǺþƵʹˣΪ̰ɫͿ壬һ纮ȥôּҼҵȻϤ䵽ϺĶӼС
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Цһͣһ˲ָ糣ȻǱѩ
䡮ѩָʲôδ˵




117 Ԫѽ
 

Ǻϵȴ˼
Ҳ𴩣Ц¹ˡ㲻ʲôѩȴҲϾĵˣģҲ֮ơ
ҡڲǽͷݣкýġȻѡʱͲı⡣
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֪ǹôʣ뿴Լûкöu
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118 ֮
 

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һʱûӦϱסѪʱһ쳹ʣȻֽŲõһֱ⡣

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䡿ֹ
ΪȲ裬ʮţ̫ĺ
ɫ΢죬ӹյ˵
ĵ䡶Ҫ֪ܶʱĴģֻҪ΢ԥһ¾ͻ˿ɳ֮ǺܾܿͻһͿءСèСǿԼһǶЩ˵
ȻܲпᣬΪԼΪңΪǿΪĸ壬ҪԸȻҪҡ
¶֪ô𣿡
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΢㵣ǸɱһȺ𣿡
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治ɫ濵Ļ¶ı飬Ҷȴ̲סЦƮƮһۣϽס͡
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߹ȥһۣСܻڻԩ
ÿ춼лԩѽô֣ҪҪƵ
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ףʱ仹磬һҲ޷
ͣһߣҷԽԽˡ
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ǰʲôԩ˭Ҫݺǣ

ȦȴǺˣҼٶˣΪݺһҹ֮ȫɱˣҽӳϵǣΪ˸ҼϴԩС֮Է
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⻰˵ĲȻƣȴһҲʱЩ£ּҲȱǵӡ
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ʵϵȷˣϵ˼뽫ƵȫߣҲҪסڿڣԾö˼ּҹܼңҲΪƤӵ¿˭ǰôֺüƳ谮ء
Źܼ֮λʵԼεˣС¶飬ǸӵˡȻǮҲ١
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ʥּŹٱǰȥҵʱ˾ˣǸ˸ֻҪһϷͻһӣ뿪ǡǲӦͻὫȥٲżּһ
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Ҳļּô޹Ǯ֮ΪҪּУǻеµĴˣôܱĶζԵּҵأ
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ҼүѾδޣȻͬ⣬ϲ⣬ȴҼүԹˣΪҼүӣΪƣҼү˽ΡּôûҪðķգүίҪҲҪаүΪȥˣġ
үƣ֪һЩⱾΪ˲ʧǴӦˡ죬үȥ¥һ߳Ծƣһ̸⣬˺Ļؼңȷʵ̸ˡү˵Ʒûϸ顣
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126 Ǩŭ
 

楺˺ǰǿάźҲҵĴš
ڣ楾ȻĺάˣɼǼΪŭˡ
檡ֵʱѿͺ⣬벻楾ᵱڸû֪ȻұϹĽһʵﶼƲġڳĹܶ඼ǼеŮȻƲ桸檵Ϊֻ˽˵˵ˡ
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127 ҵԧ
 

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128 һ
 

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̷̱죬µӣأ㻹Ǵϰա
кݺݸһޣﳤȥҪ㴩
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ϽȻ٣ֻǶãһ̰ĽŮڸ߲ʡ
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޵ˣҲҪ޸ҲҪ޸Ǿµ£첻һؾýǸ룡
ֺ֣վûҪҰ
ͻȻһƿٳ⡣
ֺ˴ס




129 ׳н
 

һŭ֮³˺˴žǰ·ãã֪ҪȥδظңĿĵȺãǾҪȥ
ˣȻûȥϳҧҧÿš
ŷһֻһǰһ˲á
أҪ硣͵Ĵϵ
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ˣǶΡóuȷһƬģҲϲׯͻݵģֻǳ׺ü꣬ԭͲŨҵҲȥߣҲǸͨˣuǺã̫ׯˣҲ˼
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͡ҲǧĵĲֻżڸʱuΡ
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ԭǸ̲ģȴͻȻȾ˶񼲣磬մ΢Ҳѳ²鵽ԭ֮ǰһװ˰кմ΢Ǣ˸̣ԾȻΪա
֮ĺأȥĸĸĸҲǴڵģֻ˱˵֣ǸܰѾѩ֮УǱ˻ʬˡָʹһʬǵɽҵȻȻľͱ֪ˣȻ˾
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˵֣ʶܰˣȫѩ֮ˡ
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Ϥ⣺˼ǣΪã

ѩůˡҹһ꣬ĵȻʪģµˮһҹڵϣߴৡɨԺӵС·
һˮ鿣ʳһ棬һι
Ϊϵ磺һͻȥգС
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Цǹιʳ̫óˡ
ǣǣǰֻҪʳóԣ׾ͻϹġ
Ҷ̨ף楶˵ʲô
ָ΢٣Ц𣿡
Ҷǧȷ
һЩʳЦãŰգҪݾߡ
ҶȥĽ𣬵ūһ²
ʣΪʲôҪþ鼸βݵĵϸ𣿡ϺЦ
Ҷͷǰ
楽һʳ棬΢ЦΪҪþţݾˡǲ֮Ļӣʶ̫ˣԴòɡݽضὫݵ°׵׾ͱ鵽ϸǲǲϳǾһβ飬Ͳݵʵݣضỳ˸Ȧꡣ
ԣȻݵݡȾȫȷˣٴβݵݣʱ˹¶һþˣ˳ȥ飬ʱȻϲŴ֣Ը
Ҷʵõ֤ݵǰҴ𣿡
أһ֤ͱĨȥװ˷ôһӡԣݵġ
˶Ǿ֪Ǹ̰ĽٵŮӣ
Ҷ룺գΪԼã
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ЦҲɵͬҲɵλݸǸˡҹݵı֣Ѿñ¶ҡˡԭΪˣڲȷݵ˭ˡԣ˶;ǾȥݽǢ¶Ȼ
ҶȻ򣺡ֲлأԭ˸Ȧþꡣ
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Ҷҡҡͷ̾ϢΪץסİѱû뵽ȴԼĵΡ
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ṴھǺ˼𣿡
ʱ֣ȥȰ밲ʱȴǷΤ˺ΤZҲڡ
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֣ôΤôˡ̫Цŵ濶ң·ˣΤǡ·ǻˡ
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ݸӣͻȻŶһ
ôˣæе
Ҳȥ
Ҩһ࣬ЦǺ·̫ǳʱöۡ




131 ԩ
 

ʵ֣οӣ޵ĵһӣҪСЩǡ
¶л¹ػ
ͰͶȥһĨ޵ûпһ㣬ЦԽˡ
ܿ죬Ӻ͹½½񣬶ǼֵǵıҪ˵Ƕ߽ģǾ
;ǰ˰ݣ˵˼伪黰˵ա
㣬мŮ̧ŸεĵĶէһ硣˷׷ײĿǺ档
ʺ΢Ц֪ĸ׼ʲô񣿡
̫ҲʮָȤģֱӡ
̧֣һŮͽĺƿˡ
ʱ֮̾˷ֻڵƻӳ£˸ǧ⡣ϰٸýɵ֣幤տÿֵҲһ
ԭһͼ
Ц檲ţҲ̫صԱͼı⣬̫ﲻҪ
̫Цŵͷ⣺ˡ
̫ϲͺá
ָŮʹ˸ɫŮת˹ӵ˵ϣֻͼı棬Ȼһֻɫķˣ߹ţ˿ѷϰٸ֡
ԭ⾹һ˫塣
칫Ŵͣ̾ÿ
Ҳ¶̾û뵽ȱ¡
ֻ̫ˣðŵȷĺãТİյˡһ磬㲻ʱ;գ
Цеʱ䣬Ϊ̫ﾡТġ
̫ͷãܺáˣգǾһƬ⣬Ȼúñ档
滶ϲ֮ɫ̫ܵϲǳ檵ĸ
ֻǸңȻûлһ󷽷̫ףֻĽʵ۹⿴Ľܺ;
̫Իʵ۵ʵָۣһӰ
ʵۿĿⲢδж¶ȣǶ˼ӡЦЦֻҪĸϲҲѾһƬ⡣
ԭǸֶŮһֱֺãȴž̫ġ̫̫죬ܲˣϵѪɫȫȥҲסƱ
Ȼϲǿӣµ⣬ЦݴƣֶŮͽһһģĺϲ
Ц䣬Ƴ˸һۣǰȷϲҲ͵Եǳϱ
Цţϵ֮ڶɲҲϲҪл³ȫһԵ
˻лŻ棬۹۱Ǳǹģӡ
ʺЦԽŮԽǾ˼ǻʺǶҡĵλֵÿ֡
صϯλϣΪһˣӸȥĿӾʹǱˡ
£ζ΢Ц
ûп档˸ΪеĲˡ
˺ܶ࣬˻ע⵽С£ȴѿ˶ڳЦֻľ楡
ôţѰ楣ǡúһ˫һһһ楡
楳پپƱЦģһ
ŭĿڡԭΪ޸ƾĻܵõĳ谮ˣͲϲΪʥģϻλҲܸһɳ죬û뵽ôʧˡ
һʧӵ޳ңԺô죿
˵ף䵽ѵľأ׻楡Ǻôᱻأ
˵ֻǸСආĵǽ֡
˼ˣȥݳͷ΢Цס
ڼһ˵Цһ߹ۿ衣ڶ࣬Ƕ極òһ۾˿
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ȻΣǴ޴Ծɿ޹ˣվ極λãܿ޴ڶԴ|˵ʲô飬ۣͣȰο
޴˵ˣ޼¡㷽Ϊβͬȥ飬Ź֡Ȼɶ񣬵ǴҪġҪǣҪ취ס½۵ġ㿴ÿ޿ģĸ˿ϲ
|ԹˣĲϲҡ
Σ޴ĵǸ˭ýȢӡϲܽȢȥ𣿡
|ҡҡͷܡ
㵣ʲô
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|Ͳ󣬶Ů֮黹кܴڴġҲϣܺԼķмӣྴ
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|ӵ½ӣǣһôᣬҪķʽͷһ𣿡
ûϲֻأ޷ܡ
޴˸˸ͷ̾һ㻹̫ˣ㵽ˣʲôҪġ
ǺӲֻд޴һӣмͨ޴ҲָֻһŮˡ谮˭Դ޴мӣأԴ޴˲ŻȰ|
|ÿɷ½ҲѵõſϲȻҲϣܵõӦֻྴĺܲġͬΪŮӣΪʲô楿Եõģȴأ
뺨˶ЩƣʵҲЩ뵡ˡܿ죬Ҳȥˣ紩ĴӴһ˵ļɫѤɴҲ
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ʵһɢ˲٣Ȼǵ鲻õġ
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ʵ˦˦ӵʺˣźݵĹ˴
ÿźмʮȻһʣԴܿݵˡ
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ʧ룬æµū澲ңū澾ıݺͻá
ʺ󵭵üŶƾһ仰˶Ҫĸ˻µ˻أߣûıݣǺ޾ݳôжİ̥ҩڲСɴְأѵ𣿡
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²ܣ㺦˻ãǴˣȥʮӣʺ
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ʵȴĮĿһԡ
֪ʵ۶ԽԽˣ»ʵһ֮ıݵס
£ҪѾͷһ֮ʣһָʹݺ檡
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ֱһɺԣǳҸͲʶ㣬㣬һ㱻ݺ
һƣһ˿ڱصõļЦ
бһۣǳϷ
ǣȥˣ޲ýֱˮ̲ס侮ʯ㣬㼵ݱó裬Ҳ´˶ְҪ֪ǱµĺӡͲ±𣿿㻹ڿﶼǱ£ԭ㾹Ǹˣǰҿˡ
ʵ۲࿴˰һۣ˼
ȻȷǾˡıݵǸ侮ʯòɣǰ;һֲ߻
Ϸĸ˼
һӹ򵹣£ҪѾͷĻ檳ϣ檵ȷĽݱܳ谮ǳ򲻸ô˶ֶıá߶꣬˽⳼ʲôˣһҪų檣ûȶ¡
Ц޹
ָһ˵˵ܲݣ߸ңһ˫񣡡
㣬ɲ˵Ҫ֪ǿڿָء
¡ݡ
ʺָ㣬ıݣ֤ݣ
ͷĸŮŮū澽Ǣū澲ٽūһĶûȫڷ䣬ºͻʺǲţԽȥѲ顣ūһͼĹŮڹﵱһӲҲòô
ʺߵŮ٣ʵʵ
Ůɫһ䣬һԵڵء
˾˻ʲô׵ءʵ۳˵
ŮȻڵϣͷأʺ󣬱£ūҲûа취ūȻĲȴˣūֻ
ȻͷŭŮ٣дż֣㱳ң
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л裬ȴװ֪ӣĸŮ٣ΪҪ
ⲻ֪Խǻ࣬ʵԽǻ;ȴǸ֪ʵ۵˼ֱڣ˶ΪʵǣΪ֮ڻʵ۶߽ԡ
ŮٿߵūȻĸŮ٣ūҲǸˣҲĵģūʵڲĿô޹뿴һСδͱ˺ԣū澲һ˵ȷū鱦ÿոݵİ̥ҩ¶ջۣͻСū澷Ķҩ
ʺϳ͸Ľ鱦𣿡
Ůٲūź꣬Ϥˡ
ѣʵ³һ֡
ܿ죬Ѳ˾ͻˣȻŮٷѳһƿҩѳ˲ٽ鱦
̫ҽ飬ŮٵƿҩȷʹСҩ
ȵָϻӵǡ֧˱檼ȷġУ֧ϼҲġŵĿŸ㣬Ȼ𣿡
ʺŮ٣˵أ
Ůٵ涼ΣЩҲġ
ŬסԼϲɫ֤֤ڣŮҲָ㣬㣬㻹ʲô˵ģ
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Ůٱİƫ˹ȥ޵ūֻǲԸ⺦˶ѡ
ʺɵ£ô¸δأ
ʵҲԥȥˣվʣĸûҪıݺͻã죡
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ݺݵһԵõľԣ
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⻰˵ʵ־Ͻ֪͡ˣΪҪϰ;øء
ʵҲɵ˵Ҫûʵȷ췢£ǾͨõġĸԽңԺͻжҡ
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̫Щͣʵۣ˵أ
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񣺡̫󣬹ͻʺ󡣡
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Цݵţ´ѹò׳ɹһΣȻҪˡ
Ǹ֪ĸǱԩģǸѺδĺ
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ʵ֪ǾͰݺҪøʹģ˼ǸТ֮ˡ
һֱǳ谮ԣǵͷ֣ǰػ֮ˡͻȻЩΣѪ鿴ꡣ
ֻһһȫƶžѪʵҲѵ¶ֲ̡
ڣã޾ȥա




132 ֮
 

еĴκ͸õĴβû̫ĲͬǸǻʵ۵ɣĸЩٲû̫ΪΪһ㲻η
Ͼڿг֮ƣ˵ء
һŰϣΧǿռţżСе
ܺڣֻǵȼż֧ѣһ⼣߰ߣţеâ©·ңͷɢλˣǱͷĴӣίʡͷ
빬ʱ򣬻ʵҲһʱ䣬Ǻþڰ빬ʱܿʧˡ簲ĽģҲ簲ֻʵۻģôŬҲδǰô۹ֽ˶ˣʥ費˥ҲΪһڻʥġ
ڣȰһ˶ӣûðȫ֮ϡ
ʱգŰҸ𣬿ݽŰʧ裬ԽԽûʵáΪڿྡԽĸӲڽ¡ˣʵۿΪ˾ø޸ôὫһƫأ
ȷݣûкݣǻʵ۸ͣͽΣʵ̫ƫˡ
ǰٲó裬Ҳδܹίʵ۹ǲġ
˼ˣͷĴʧ
ǰҴҸϵдһѪ齻ʵۣȻϣЩдˡǽҹûʵ۸ı⣬ͻһʬˡ
֪˶ãͻȻ֨¡һűˡ
Ϊˣæᣬתu㣬˭
ɫסˡ
˴һٲ·ݣɫڣеİ̺ۡЦݺգһֻʳУ߽
ȻǷ֮·ˡ
ֻʧ룬ǽȥ㡭˵˵
Цɭɭıãѵô𣿡
ʧҪңҲɹ̴ֻʥּһٲһ֮ʡ
ӽͷϵñժ£ַʳУǴϧôҪ𣿡
еˣˣ˼ٴʥּҪɱ˱
һɼž˻ѷžһ˻Ӧ
ӵ׷ˣǺ͵ľƣȫ˯ˡ
ּ巢㡭˭ģ
ӽʳд򿪣洫ľ㣺Żأôô򵥵ⶼ²أ
ǰԲԣ
Цԡ
ŭһðãҲűؽΣҪȲĺҡ
ԽԽȷǰҪɱڡǰ¶ıݣݲûд𣬿ôĸλӣʵ۶ǽ乬
УضҪɱηԾļ
ӺϾȻﶼˣͲְ˵Щϻ˰գʶȤԾôЩ档
ҲҪ˻ߵҼٴʥּɱңǱ֪һͷǵģ
ҡҡͷʱգôףڿıõ֣¼Ϊ㣬ôء
վԶԶģһжǵĹƣ;ͱߵŮıݣֹ̫Ͻ¶һУıõñ䵽ڵľأڰɱڣúݰ̫ˣ
ӷЦӲˡ
һƣݸ˰գ㲻Ͳôɵȥˡ
˵ţһƽȰգְ꣬Ҳȥ
˳ǽǻڵϣˮӿ߹ôˣô˶Դ
Цһ˸߹󣬻ǳΪ׸ˣ
Ҳһ֣еľƱˣѸܿ߷ʳУƺľҲˡ
ɫ䣺ҪƲԳԷƣȻ㲻ʶôôְҲˣ
˵ţӻóһӣƣԭְԾٽġǣ̫û취ְֱֻһЩˡ
˵ţһקסһֻǯסһֻֽӹҵϡ˫Ųڵ̤ţϵĲϯĦ֮
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ԽԽĺѣɫǵͨ죺ˡˡ
㱣ͷĿѣҪʱͻȻű߿ˡ
һϮµĴæ߽һӵͷϡʹһԵڵأеȴûɿ
ָһƣӴбɵĳ鿪Ÿĸĸѣ
ιȥĸˣ۾ǰҡ𣿡
߲ѣĸˣĸ˺
˵ţתͷʡ
΢΢̧ͷ㿴һۡɫްĻʵվſڡһݡ£Ҫ𣿡
ʵ۵޺ʱ˵Ҫˣ
ָָǸεӣ˵Ƿ˱ּ⣬檡
ֱһɺԣʵôּ⣿
ĵʵ۲ҲݶķŴ乬ʹжأ
ίϥеʵǰ£ԩģûŮıá檲µǱ²ų檣¡
ڻʵ۵ӡУһֱŶׯģڵһϮװǻҳϻںڵĳˮһӡӣͷңʧ
뵽ô꣬谮ǸЫĳŮˣ丵ҲΪоί
ȻֻǰĴ뵽ίġ
ίˡ
һ㵣ֿЦ£ųˣ
ʵ۵ŷ£޶ˡôĵӣȻж㶯֣ﻹûʵۣ
Ŀӻ䣬¶һ󣬼ָȴѪɫһء
ʵۼˣĵȷûƭǷѪȻǸ飬˺·䵱ֽ
ͰһԱȣ޹
Ҳ벻ûôһֱΪôߵˣǲмֶεġҳһȲʥģڴ˰
ʵȻ֪֮ԶԸܳĸΪ˴ҲоĲ롣һҲ֪飬Ҳ侮ʯ
ðһԺĸӣ߰ߣԸĸӣʵǿɶ
ʵ֣ǰ̫ˣҲʶ˲ô꣬ĸôί
ֻҪų檣檾Ͳί
ʵ۵ͷu
⣬ӵУܿ죬Ӿ˹ʵ۵ʱŵĲιȥ
ĺ죬ôĵӣҼٴʥּĸ˵˭ָʹôģ
ţȴؽա
ĸһУű͸ʶˣ𣿡
ӱ۾ְ˵ְȫ˵
ſڻʵǰ
Ȼʵۿ˷ŵ龰ҪҪ˵Ŀڹ
ڻʵ۵ȴ𰸵ʱ̧͵͵һۣȻվһǽײȥ
ȻһҪֻءһѪעǽմѪӵڵϡ
ǰָ̽̽ıϢʣˡ
ʵɫһŭЦãáб°
һʣڸô죿ĸԩġ
ʵ̾Ȼ֪ԩˣҲһ
һмл¡
ʵ۵uĸع
Ͻǣʡ
ΪٲˣηǼžҲ˷ֻʵۺݼʵۡ
ӱصηͷĹ˱صηܴԶһ·߹ûŮٺ
ڿҪ̨׵ʱͻȻ˿ܹȥԲεĹٲ
Ŀһ˭
˷ˣƺɱڣһڷ˹Ҳϰ䣬һͶ㿪ˡ
ôĵӣʵ۵
ǰɱһǲҪˡ
ƺòʱкܡ
æ׷ȥվס
˵ţͺͼ˲ΪнѲߣǲֳ̫Ķһ˽һܲ
ȫԸߵС̵ʲôȥнݣ
⻰ߣ
Ҳɵסһ˺򶷡ǰ漸˿Ѳˣֻˡ
һŽߵǽϣֲסĿڣŭ˭ģ
ʹ죬ȴǼڣҧƿеĶҩԾ
ʱ֣һȭȻһҩ˳
Ҳ˵ʵ˽ǧУܾĥв
˿ȳѪǡǡ
˭
ɤӵ˭СҲ֪Ǹ˴źɫΧñСĿĳֵֻܼ࣬Ǳηɱڡ
ɱ˭׷ʵ
ָһ򣺡ǡǱߣŮ֮СɱǣηԾļ󡭡
˵仰ͶϢ
˴ʵѾȫȻסηĹٲΣֻҪıɱҪıɱŮٺĻᡣ
ңڵ˲ұץˣҪôԾҪô֪Ļָʹ˭
˼ܰ
Цˡ֮ǰ飬Щ˻ָϾͰȴͬ⡣ΪԽ߲Խǻʵ۵ĻɡҾթԴСҾͲʶڵ⼸ˣһ취ҧһڡ
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133 Ű
 

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һ˫˵۾Цຬ飬ϻһֻʵޡųԾ½дֻŰ裬Чң㻹񡣡




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ҵ˴򽻵ʲôѲҪͷӻףƲȻ񶾣Ҳ̫˰գǹ￴ôˣ




137 桱
 

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ŵڶͻᴫȫǣᴫʵ۶С
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139 ˽Թ
 

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ǾĵչţˡΪˣɱ˸ѩĳӣչʮŮͻ
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ͣϻǻʺֶŮڻʺ棬ǻҲȥμӣ֣㷢ʲô£ҲᴫµĶ䡣

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żеֱۣϵͽܽ
һ楣Ŀλεƣи磬ãԭﰡ
楲ûлôЦЦĿżУһϷģ
Ե޹ʲĻо÷ʤֱ۴ϳȥء
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ʵ²죬ŮܲףίʵáУ빫Ժ󻽳ֻӽԿɣܺϺǣݡ
ݺݵһۣҲ;ڼǰ˵Ļ
װ޹ӣô˵ʱҲʶġ
ǸڳӡУδ˵仰
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вŮӣӦأһİͶͱȥɲ
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Ȼ˵uػֻԼ֪ʵļҪȻһбģuĶΪuãȻҲʲôˡ
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ʻ죬ȴҶԻԹޣҶԸ楣ǻиһ֪ˣָôء
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極ȥæգعҡ
Ůԭһᣬŵǡ
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ЦһԺſȥ
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ߵ˲˵˯ôôǰ
ȻϲɫҲ楣򲻸Խ֮µġ
ںˣ־壬Ա˲ˣĵĳ˹ȥ
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楼ЦһôҲǶô˲֪֮£
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۲룺ǷߣҲŻأ
磽ǹȣſֳ˹ȥ
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Ԫ̳ǰ˵ĺ죬ԺĺˮΧ
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ҶЦһͷأū澴Źȥ·ա
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·󣬺˱˾ͷֿˡ
ǰԺͻȻһ˶Χһ۷׷ס
Ӷɫͨ죬ߵ£ǹһ




143 ݱ֮
 

Ӷһ·Ⱦ˳϶ǺˮҲ֪ĻǼġŭɫϸѿ
ٿΧô˿֣Խ߳ŭһ澣Ȼôͱ˵˭ĵĵӣ
ƽգӶȻҵﻳĻӱ۸Ȼ̲סˡ
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ŭ˼澣Ȼ·ϣ
ŭˣȥҹ
ţһȺ󷽴ȴɫ԰׵Ļ칫ٿжʱȽΪǽˡ
Ծÿһ칫ǰĽ㣬㻹ûʸҵŮ
ЦΪ㣬ù̲ܽˣȻԹۡοҹҶײʲô˲ҵδԺôʲô£ȻҪúý̵һã֪ĵҶΪ밡
ǽãһĲͣ仳ǰʹЩСֶΣûֵ³Կ
񣬻ʧˣǻ칫Խûʵϲôܲأ
칫楾һѡ
칫տ۸ŮԲ
ѵ̬ǿӲνҽ̵ŮǽӶҹˡֱԣĽĺģǲء
ӸµĿײҹȻַʼϣѵõõѵ𣿡
칫ҪӶҲҴãֲĽԽ޴ңĽŰ裬оøʲô𣿡
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칫ŭЦ˵˭Ľ㲻𣬻Ҫظ
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ȷҪһЩѵ˻޷ͷ֮ޣҸʧסȻǳ̫ͼˣһʵ۱ضû¼ޣǻɱӡԣѰһ㲻ӣʵɱãֻί¼ˡ
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Цһ촽촽һĻ˭˵ó֤أںδ
Ӷ꽬˵ˣū澿Էģ׶ǻָʹı칫
󵨣۾ɢΣյϢû֤˺֤ݣ͸ҧãŮб°
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ݹأ뻳칫׽ãȻı칫¡˳ɻ⻰Ӷ˵˳ѱԺ󲻻ۣԣΪ»ҪϸϸʣԶסЩ˵͡
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ǻһĸͬãΪ˲ԼҲ
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ǰۣǻ칫Ϊ˱ȫ棬ȻҪԾġһ룬ʱա
ɫأһãһ˸ѿ
±ҪҵҪ˭Ʊá
޲ɵ磬µǻʼҼ£漰ϣǲװգ
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ĴȻϴ£
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Ӷ˵׶˵ĻȻܼҳֹ˵ʱδֻҪܸȫټһһʾǡȻתͷӶɿ˵ò
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ЦЦҾãһΪá
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˿Ҫˣڿ뿪˰գ
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ܴһɫϵһɫȹݳ۾Ķͷ߸ߵȧǣǶׯͣȴĿƺ;
ܴ¶ǸΣڸϵ澣ҲжˣЩ¶ǹܼҸ𡭡
ʱܼҵĹܼæˣȻ͵С˵ȷе澶еˣίʵ֪ôǽͷ˵ţͷ˿ҶˤϵСˣ⡭˲ܼҵСˣ
ӣϸ˿С˵òƶСĿȷСĴδǣǸܼҵˣ
һ˲òɣСǴ칫ġ
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Ҷ⣬ٷС˵ڣ㣬һС˵ֵжָ
ȫȥȻǸС˵СĴָһءӶ˵Ļûд˹ı칫ôżܸʲô
һСˣʣͿȷͬ
ˣôأӦʧܼ˰
ŭ죺ǣʵ
˲һԣͷҪϡ
ͻȻָ˵ǿǵĶ䡣
˲ԣ˴սȥ
Ƭ̺󣬲˶ˡ
С˶ϴ˶ۣ
ǰֲôԭŮװ
ģĻ֮Ϊı칫ɷѿİ
楺ǰСֱָϻ˲һšαװСˣȡˡ
ŭ𣿡
Цڴߣ£˷ʱˣֻҪ˵ʵʲôӶá
СôܰӣѾҲϸƤģһܲסӻֵȻǲ˵Ǿʹȥա
Ȼռǣһ˾Ϳźū˵ū˵
ǡ
ǸָŮȥǻԸū澻ܼңװСˣڻ칫ıؾ֮·Щֽţû칫ˡԻ칫˽⣬칫Ȼ칫ֲϲʱʱ̴̫̿ˣڻ칫˵ʱū澾һһûۻ칫칫ͼ޲ʲô˼ˣҲ±˳Ц
˻ûڣ̲סˡָŮŭ˵˵ʲôͲʶ㣬ô㺦ã˵˭ָʹݺ
ô˵ģһ˫۾ȴ楣ȷݺ
楿Ƶģһû
ܻǱݺġȷ˻˻죬ǲ֪ôʧˡ
һŮҲڵأūϣȷǻҪ칫ūҲ֪Եɣū澲Ҷʣֻ˭֪˭֪Ӷô죬ū澼ҲֻֻܷǱ﷢ɧ֪ôͱӶˡūдū澲Υֻ´ᷢ䣡
ף㡭ǣ˵˵ݺԽԽ̧˹ȥ
ŮߵڵأĿڰ
̧۽ޣҪû𣿡
楣üҧгݡ
ʹ˸ɫֶ極໹δŪЩǲҪ˵
Ŷ⻰˵𣿡
ȭǣһ飬ܻıõ¡
һЦ۵ǱµǺŻȴΪ칫ġλãɲҪ˱˰
һĻţҲǱãȻίǣҲΪĻ죬ԩ޹
ʱܣȻй㻹̻𣿡
磬ⲻŮһ֮ʣôҲָϻ죬ǲǻҲǱأ
۲˰ЦһܻƱ硣
ֻ˵ʵʵ˵ˡ
ѻ£侲ᱻ˿ӣ
оڣŲš
Ĭˣûзŭʵǽš
ͻȻᣬʵǿŵʲôζˣ
ɻʲôζ
һζرζɨһȦĿⶨŮϣһţǲһ㣬Ǵӹɢģ
ԣ˶ĴչȥţȻ׷׵ͷ
ȷһֺر𡢺˵õѬ㶼ͬ
ȻҪʲôˣʵ뻳й𣿡
չüһЦҼǵòݱ㣬Ǳģרڻҡ֮ǰܵñ³谮½һݱ㶼ʹ͸ҲʱҫŵĻϸһţǲ㣿
ݱ㲢ŨңǺر𣬾Դһĺţ׾ͻմȾϡ
ѵõ㣬ҲֻймλóɲУͻõࡣ
ʧ룺ⲻģô֪Ϊϵҵͬ
極˵ǹôİգҵǺˣô㣬϶ò΢ūõģѵ͵˹ģ
˺ǲܵġ
˸߹·Ըôټôͼū澣Ѿ߼˻ôմݱ㣿
ģҸûݺ죡ô˻ɵ۹УѾ̲סˡ
楺ϣʵͰǰǾܲϣҲˡ治ף칫ˣˣҪ˺
⻹˵˭֪;Ĳͣ˻칫õڴ
ǻ칫ۣȻܼ޸Ӷʹһ֧ˡ
Ǻ;˻㡣
磬¡
ЦݳŪµܲỹҪ˵飬ǱݺİգҵӡУ첻ϲκ㡣ߣҲ绳øʳ谮ôݱأܣͬǹѵֻл߹󣬻ͱίȫ𣿻Ǹĺӣ޷ΪԼֻعֳľӲ
Ȼû˵ǿԾѾ˻ı칫һ¡
ҪˣһᵽԩζȻȷ㲻ԩָūĲˡ
ݱ㣬ʵ
г˵ˣģģ
ǻŭƺҪȼǸ߰Ĺܹί
極ڿ˵޹أ֤ף
ҡ
һʼӶָС˵ȻҵŮװŮȷжָûп𣿡
ҡ
Ůָ㣬㻹ǲϣĵ˵Ǳݺġ
楣
極ЦڣŮһݱ㣬㻹ǲϡʵ̫ˡ




144 Ժ
 

˸һ飬ʻᷢ䡣ǵϣǾͲҪҲ֮ˡ
ˣ˻ߵ˵ˣûУģ
楰ЦѼӲ
ŮȷˣݱҲΪȾϵġǻԲԩͰźֻ֣Ǵʧˡ
΢΢һЦôҶ췢𣿷δҪ칫
˿£飬ʲôñģ
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ЩͣѾףǻϳϣˣһ빬øʲþա
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˻ʵֻõصĳͷ
ЦһˣֲʥãҪô
ҡҡֻýάȡ
Ȱ㿴ǾҡҡͷΪ
ɫˣˡ
Ȼ븵Ȼôϸ極¾ͻᱩ¶ǣʱܱ
ˣͲԭΪܸ楺ͻ칫һѵ˭뵽һʼӦĺúõģתͷͽˣƻʧܣһҲǸ
칫߷ߵĽ㣬ȻСҲýҵɵƭŮȻˣ˵ļƻŵݱ㣬ôԶ׼㻹Ҫװû𣿼ȻˣҾֻý󸸻ʣΪֹ
˵ŮҵˣҵˣǸݱҲһҵģ
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ԽպޣⰲݺңҸʶǣˡ
ϡ
᣺Ŷʲô
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ǰػ˶ˣѾı칫һŲˡ
Բϣûа취ֹȥǰȻ㲻ϽǱһɵŸʴ١
˵ţͷȥ칫
Ӷһա
極칫㵽⡣
Զˣ֮˽Ųǰ
ŭıȥɫº͵֮»Ҫл㡣
ü۵ȻΪ·ǣġ
ĿЩӣҲЩмӦ䣬򣬻ˡ
޶ݣ뻳칫ǺѣȻίġ
ףΪοֱֶ̫ǱȲģôһѣˡһĴˣҺĸҲЩ
ɫԻ۰칫ΪҸ룬Ҫӱ뷨ͨ˵ݿĻ°ա
һ£ȻЦЦ˼ףžû޸У£ͼҡ
һߵĴ٣¿ɲҪңҲû칫Ļ¡
ϢһͣæȻû뷨ġֻǣҲʮֳƣԭĸû޸ԣܵģ񸵼Һҹϵ΢Ȼǲܼ޹ȥˡ˽ΪѰһŸڵӵܣȻҪܱ
⻰Ǽ٣΢ɣǶԵģ칫ͻСºͺá
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145 侮ʯ
 

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һ˵˶뷨
˭֪ѵܹʵΪȻǾˣãȻһɡ
ɵǣ;еʱԶΪ˰ҪСҲǲܡߣŻı칫ûгɹȻҪˡ
ôһ룬Ҫıһ£Ѿ߰˷ˡ
Ҷ˽ţ極Ҳ΢ȻҲܲ極ģͲ極ùˡ
ˣ̫һƽͣԵŭȼգû֤ݣǺҴʲôʲôʲôԹǱɣ
ʣһĨײЦ⣺ɩ⻰ʲô˼ѵҪԼĺݺͬΪŮӣαΪѣ˵ộ
һŮҪڷվȽŸȻҪµճӣοǻʼҶϱΪҪ˭ţΪݺ楶ɱԼĺӡ
Ȼִⲻɷ֤Լף
極ǿЦƾ޾ݲܶҵȴҪ֤ףƾʲôԺһһˣҲʲô֤ˣֱñ֤ײˣôҪٸкã֣ˣˣѵٸվ참𣿡
֣ԣһȻǡ
ŭЦɫҪ㶨ҲѣֻҪϣɡûдѳҩôȻ׵ģѳˣ֤ȷ䣬޴ӽƱ磡
Цһ
ȻȻίˡ壬ûôأδԿΪá
ϵЦȴҲǲԣֻܲѲһ˰գ
ѩֻҪֹ˶ҪѲ飬Ҳҡһ֤ΪΣ
極ͷʱ½ӷҲڳһ˰ա
Դ|ӷ˿ɷίһ£
|֪ڱҲֻܵͷӦңûŶҩûʲôµġ
ܴ˷Ըһõķ䣬ֺ̫뼸¸صķȥӡ
ʱѲˣСϸ䣬·ϸϸһ
߳ʵѳˣ
ܴҡףʲôûѲ
ҲȷʲôûѲ
ı齩סˡ
ôûأ極·Ū֮ǰ˵ϣ極ȹ˶ҩ楻ȹҩ͸ϡ
ΪʲôѲ
ֻһĻ׹䣬ʧⲻܣ
ôܣ˵ģѳͶҵûѳͻסûѳ㲻𣿡
Ըܣʧǵ˵ʲô˵˶֮󣬳˲ҩأ
̫֣̫ŭ
楶̫ͶԸмһЦǾôҲûа취ˡҲ˵ΪңԸ˶˲˶ҩϾӻУصĻɲࡣֻҪһӣͿΪһϰɽһ˵ָʹıĺӣֶΪأ
¶̾Ǵ󵨣ʲô˵
ϸ룬˵Ҳмֵ
£ԽԽ˷ˡμӸ磬ôᷢô£
楣㡭˵ˡ
楶΢΢һЦǲεĳ˵С󣬸Ҷ㻹
Ϊ楿رһġ
極Ŀת|ᣬȴ䣺ӷˣԺҪˣȷ¾ͲҪ˵򣬻󵼱ˡ޹֮ԩɲҷ˸ġ
|˫ţͷǿ̻塣
楲ٿ˵ˣڿ֤ҵ𣿡
˵ͷȻ
極һЦȻԩΪˣҸϣ׾ñ֮˵õʹƽϢҵŭ
ɫȻıãﲻ
һʼĵ⵽ľţ̫˽ˣ楾гرˡ楣楲ᱨ
ǣʲô˲鰸أô˶ˣغܿͻᴫʵ۵Ķ䣬޷ӡ
һϷ̫ҽˣֹ
˵̫ҽлֱ˵ǡ
̫ҽʵ컨ֻ̥βԻֹͨʹѪѪֻҪʵɡ
֮أöٺ컨ſ̥
̫ҽõǷ̫ˣȻС
һ۸ôֻһ⣬С𣿡
΢żˣֻһֻۣһǲСġ
Ŷԭ˰ЦЦ




146 
 

̫ҽĻ˶ԼͬһɵĿΣ޲Ҹطȥ
˵Ļϡ
ѲǸΪݺ楣ԼĺӴˣ
ǣֵ
ɫ䵭ûдѳҩϵĺ컨ҲʹС㷽һҧҺ㣬֮ܲԩҪνͣ
ʶһ乵ģ죬һʱ֪νƱ硣
ô˵˵𣿡
̫һЩһ°գһδĹԩܾܲˡ
˵ˣǷһֱţ˻ᣬ˽ϵȻΪ󣬵ҲԵ޹ԩˡҲССĹôһкõñӣ֤ףԸ˵𣿡
˶Ÿش
Ƶ˼߳ŭҪ˵ˣ
һӱѻȸù
һŬƽ㣬һģˮ۽ϣϸĺʱ
ûйԩΪҡû˺ӣ̫˿֤ԼףҲûɴҾûúݺ֪ģӶŮ˵ҪҪݺҲҪñķӣôԼĺעŲߵǰĵֻһᡣ
ĿͬѵıǻһĨЦݣţȻŵģúݺһˣô̵ġ
ж᣺㡭Ը𣿡
΢Цס
ҲãһԵŵǸϵĵ
極ŵǸˣϾСҪһʱաöԲңĻ־ͺá
濵ǷŲѲ𣬲ûѳ˭ҩ
ûлش𣬿̫ҽ̫ҽȷʳСҩŻС𣿡
̫ҽͷһ㣬Ȼϳģʲôҩ΢ȷ
ףڳ֮ǰѾǸҩ˰գ
˵ȷ
Ǿùʳǵ⣬ûмҩΪΣ
̫ҽֻùĵ˶
üֻһ¶պþͱԵˣôôɺϵ£
֮뺦˾Ȼ޻ңһ˫񡣡
ҡҡͷ󣬲ⶨۡ
˵ǡɻм벻ף󣬸οлãԴöȻǼΪϸġչҲǾϸѡǽô֮θ¶أ
̫ѲǾߵ˸˶
˵ܡ
΢΢һЦűѲģǽӴǵˣʵ֤СҩУôŵѲ׼ˡ
˹ֵѲһߵˡ
һֱŵڰлλƣԽţˣߵˣԱĹǲᱳҡ
ɫ׽סıõף㲻ܷŹκһпܵˡ
һƼ⡭
Ƽ̹ڵأū澶ĲǴū澶ɽūôṴ˺أһҪū澰
ѾԸƼƿҩ˵ѲƼҲûʲôǾﲻͬˣһͻᵹù
һΪţһҪϷֻøʹˡ
ˣƼźҶ꣬ûɣҲûǸӻẦ
δ˵꣬ЦŴϣƼȻ⣬һҪסƼʶ꣬˶ԣǸͨѾߣΪҪһأߣǿڿ˵ıõףôֵƼ̻Һӷ˶ȴУѵѾ߱ӻҪ󣿡
楽ƻȴϽ֪ῤˣҲ֪ˣΪλҪô˵
ЦҪ˵Ѳһ£˵˲ˣǲˣǼ¿Բˡ
ﲻ̲참Ѳһôˣ˼Ҷϣô;ô鷳
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ҧҧá
˵ţźۼƼʹ˸ɫ
һ̣ƼͻȻӴһŶӽһʹࡣ
楰ֽţƼװûһ¡
Ŀ⼥ôˣ
ҲеƼﲻ
ƼͷװĲ¶ڡ
ūūҲ֪ͻȻöһۡ
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ȵȡ極ǹңﻹ̫ҽ𣿡
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̵ڴУβӦõģλͲҪƴˡ
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ѭȥ̾һƼĲȻʮˣ·ˡԸңҶȥƼ
Ҷü΢Цǡ
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ЦỺ㲡ôأһε·ϣӻ۵ġ
ƼܾĻᣬҶַ
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˶һԭƼ·һɰӻһ·䣬ɰɿЩӣЩɫķĩ
ƼͷһҲǴ󾪡Ŀֻţɰģôϣ
ѽɰƯءֱӽɰóϸĹ۲ţԼ幤á
ֽ⿪ԼϵĺɰֲŪһ£һӣΪôƯ滹šƼ֣ģҵ̫󣬾û֡
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ҶȥɫķĩһЩʲôζҲϣôŵɰţ
̫ҽ첽߹ȥҿ
ҶһĪɰݸ̫ҽ
̫ҽţֳһ㣬һɫ䣬ͷݺ˼ڡ
̫ҽôˣȵ
̫ҽùɰܵСҩҩЧʮǿңȥʱͻС
極Ŷͳ˴ҩˣһ㣬뾰ܼңϾҪʱˡ
ɫأƼôҩ
ʱƼҲ˲װˣʶĲԣƴҡͷⲻҵģҵġ
楲ߵĴѾߣ˭ܽװŶҩĺɰ𣿡
Ƽϥеǰȹڣū澲֪ūĲ֪ⲻҵĺɰ
˵ˣǼΪƼģڷ֣ҩѳģҪôͣѵ緽Ҳ²һ㣬ҩȷԼȥȻ޻ҵ𣿡
ȻǣĿ
ð楿б£ǧǱ˿ӡ
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̫ҽͷٴεƼȥƼûȻԸ̫ҽΪΣҶȴǯס̫ҽա
ͷŭ極͸ǲ
Ҳֹ̫ҽΪƼּһ΢ҽ޷Ƽʲô
һ䣬˶ЦϹ˭ƼװѲ顣
ЦǣΪĶܣţҩԼˡ
ڿƼȴԴ⡣
ǿɲţһѾ߸ıãָʹĿԴһЩ
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޲ɱ楣Ůʵ̫թ̫ˡԭͲµִѲƼܿƼϲ˶ԲʾƼװȥһ˭뵽ƼͻȻˤҶȥƼϵװŶҩĺɰ
ڿȷƼ֮Իˤһӣģ˵ǸɰҲ極Ѿͷ䲻Ƽ·ġ
յŮˣΪĿʲô취ó
άƼôҲӲѲ˸ϵ˶СйأܻܿỳԵݣ楡ǣ
ƼºԩƳһۿϷ楣ѪӿݺݸƼһǶ⣡
澣㲻ȴҪңı𣿡
⧲İһƣƼڵϣŵ
˵ʲôŭź꣬һֱ㣬ļ˵ҵҼ뾰㸸ҲһĸҲڳ֡Ϊʴȣܵūܵܲл顣ûжԲĵطΪҪң
ƼһȻ򣬸ҪӦļҲˡ
˽⸵ıԣɱ𣬸Ĵ
ۿƼū澶ɽǡū澶Բ
˿ɫ֪ҸĺôΪҪң
Ƽ˰ᣬԳԵЦˣⶼ㰡
˵ʲô˺ܴĴϡ
ƼԹѾڶͨѾߣһŮ̧ΪĴѾߣȻ檣һӣͿԱ̧ΪˡôľźΪᣬʹУҲԸҿź¡
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ѪɫʣͣĿնҶôãôңҴû뵽ҵ˻㡣Ƽ̫ʧˡ
ƼЦҲԽӿˣôᵽ˵ĿѵҺһЩҾ͸øжνĶҺãƴһСèСûʲôĶҺã͸ҳΪˣڱ£䵽³һҲڣҺڵԼ̫ˣȻǷˡ
һΣƺҪεָƼļ澣Ϊһ˽ҵĺӣͼ޻ɿ㡭ֱǵΪ
ƼһֿЦǰҾ塢ĺҪδң
İ𣺡㺦Ҵĺӣ㽫ǧҲƽϢҵŭ
ƺĺ޵ԸӣֱߵĲյƼҹȥ
Ƽһۣʶ㿪ֻһյڵء
˶ˣֻĿкŵĳһ˲˲ǡò׽һĨ
Ӽŭ˸Ϊ飬ֳһֻյƼ
楸Ҷʹ˸ɫҶ⣬һСʯӣպڸϥϡ
ϥʹ飬ͻȻǰ˹ȥϵĲյҲ˳ȥһѿ
˶ʧɫ˻δӦһ˲˾ſڵˡ
㣬һ𣬸ֱۣˣˣ
˱ļŵһ£ָϽ߹ȥơ
ڿʱȫǴʧɫеСĹﻹŵ۾
Ȼɫ԰Щɷϸһˣ벻˵˿ڣһһϡϸһƣϵѵĲյմŰ߰Ѫ˫۾ѾѪģѪעһһ
ʹŤʹϵ
Ǳѵģܻܿˣ򲻿ʧȥ۾
ҧźսǻʲôû˵𣿡
ĵ⸱ӣ˭ȥ㰡
̫ҽȻҲŵˣҽģȥ˸ߣ
ŭѣֻҪһͻǣ˿ڣʹʹ֡
ҵôˣҲάֲ˶ׯƽ͵ˣ˵ҵôˣ
̫ҽ룬Ǿʵʵ˵Ǻúƣ˵˿ڻõĿЩ
ֲң᲻̣
̫ҽسǻᡭ۾
žһѾʹʧȥ֪ˣ̫ҽѣŸоʹľ͹Ҳģࡣ
ʶһ㣬޴룬Ҳ˲ϵʹҵҵ۾
ͻȻһѵһߴ󺰴УһҶһֻõ۾ѲţĿ𺣬Ѱ
СĹȥ𡭡
ڷҲǱԼŮȥȴƽĿһĻŸ衣
£ȴվԣÿ°̫ˡ
Ѱ˺һᣬѰ極λãֱ۳嵽ǱߣҶǰһƣ͵˵ϡ
ﲡˣ̫ҽΣҼҹǰʲô
ңͷɣһѪ߰ߣŮ
ӲһϵѪ楣㺦ң㺦ҡ
Ҳ楺˶ˣһֱȺվţƵθպſϣ
ѵ̼ĵʧķ裿
ۿŸҪȥ̫ʲô콫סѾˣ
ʧУû裬û裡楺ң
˵Ļһ£˶óǸ뺦ȴʧˡ
ܿ죬ʹֹˣһʼǻҶ֣̫Ĵߴ£ǲǯסס
ͬҰһ㺿ţ楣㺦ҵ˾أҾŹ㣡
̫ʱǨŭڱˣȹԼ˰ա
Сǻݣڰ
ˣƼͽˡ
˹ֵǣὫؽΣһʡ
̫ͷŻ;ظ֪ͨͰֺˡ̫ҽҲȥա
δ⸵һ·Ϻо˱ˣ챻סˣֻܷƺߡҸ˸Ŀڵˣˡ
楴ǻȺ֪ܵЦڳ
Ҷ˶ɢˣҲظա
ĳ楺̫Ǳ󣬱ܼҡ
Ϊһյ裬΢͸Ӵת۲̾ͱɢˡ
нĻζţϣҵūһʼôҩƼأԭĸӡ
極̵ЦЦܽϵҩɺ컨ۣɹΪԼһܻң־ǸܽƻˣġȻҪƼһỳƼ϶ֽţ˵öҩͲƼϡʾƼװԼһץס֤ݡ
ҶЦǺͿˣƼһֱź򣬹Ƽ϶ֽţ
ԣҶʹӣˤһӣټȥҶݣȻ֪ĽǸɰƼϡΪԱȻҪƼҲû뵽òյƼֻ˵ΪܽϷĸһЩҲ˰ա
ҶúǽѾ˼ݺѾǱˡ
̾ǰΪݺԼĺӶԴ̫ˡ
Ц̾ݺֻ˳֮ԴӣΪĳģԼб˵ĺӡ
ˣҲϹˣ޸Ҳݵġ
楴Ϲ𣺡Ϣˡ
ǰuϹʲôأ
һ⣬ԭŪ·ʱѾЩˡ




147 
 

ЦŅ˿ڲ裺һƲɻһƣ׼һȻûģֻû뵽һƻʧܣԾѸ˵ڶơ
СͲµȹضҩԲҶȥѰҺ컨ۣ
ʧЦɵѾͷֲôȫȻϵҪʲô
ҶˣЦңǸΪ֮ˡ
̾һÿУЩ²òȻ֪͸ҪԸңҲȫǵ˼ֻܶӷˡ
ԽԺôƻļƻģ
ỺȹӱŪ࣬Ҫʲô
ҵȻҷ任·ȥµȹ
С㣬ŵʱ򶼻ϱõȹӣԷһ楱ȥµȹˡ
һЦǰǶ뵽£벻ԸңȻŹκλᣬҷԸ·ʱ򣬺úüһٳ
߽ӻҶ뵽㣬Ҫݺˡ
˵ţóһĴָĶһǷһСϣģһȴǷһĶ
Ŀڣ̫ˣӹѳƺҲϴˣʵ̫ˡ
Ц߽ҵʱұóһ
۾һӱģ
ҶЦǰ岻ãʱҩòҽȻҲͨҽġ
ΪҪǿֻǰ岻ãΪ廹áȿȣһˣ˲Ը޸ô죿
ԣΪôȷһ޸أ
֪˼Ҳ𴩣ңСҩҾ֪Ҫʲôˡ
һȻ򣺡Ƽȥ;𻰵ʱûоܾô£
ҶһЦһֱڷž͹̸أ⣬ҾͰչԸģһ⣬Ϻ컨ۣ뿪֮Ǳ뷿佫Եǵ滻ˡҵ£Ȼ¸ңϵҩڹȹ﷢ֵҩһġ
Ŵ죺ȥһʹգֻԱ˺ݣԼݡ
ãԭ뺦ң˶ĺӣǺûܺңݣ˷۱Ҳ֪᲻ڡ
ҶЦڣҲӺ޹ˣ˵׼ʲôӶԸ
楲ҵǺ棬滹ô
ԽˣЦҪʹʲôֶζԸͷԾĹ
ҶҲЦлҲ֪ܵʲôͷܴӦǾˡ
һ˫ˮ˫ͫ峺䣬ˮһ»ζҲǱǴ֮աùɹֲң˭иϺȵúء
Ҷһ|侮ʯһ£ô𣿡
ȿգϾûʲôֵ̫¡
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żĿ½ۿҲͬûһ˿˿飬ƺܽ
˳˺½粽ţȥ½ˣֻصԼԺӡ
|½ǰһֱǿջЦ֮Цˡ½۲úܴߵĺܿ죬|ںһ·СܵĸţԾɸϡ
ίǰ½۲ϲӣǻչЩģǽ죬½һӶԸˡ
ûţڿ½ȥ鷿ʱ̲סȥ
½۲ͷҲؼǰߡ
|ˣܹȥק½۵ӣ㲻ôңýȢӡ
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½۱˱۾תͷȥɫĮĿһЩʲôһһ˵𣿡
|һͣȻΪǲǣ極ã䲻ھǳ󣬿ǽ˾Ҳ˵һԵŮΪλϲҡҲȲ
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Դµ·Oղˣȥ̫밲ֻһ岻ȥˣϻúĻ綼ûвμӡͨˣ⼸¶ˡ
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150 Ͼɱ
 

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ȻҲᡣ




152 ҩ޶
 

һʱ󣬽ϴ楺̫ӸϲŵOҲˡ
һ·ϣOȻǳĬԣֻż̧ͷһۣ׽ˣָϽͷȥ
楲֪˼ҲûнϡߣOҪʲôҲʲôµġ
вٷǰ뽪Ϻѣþںš
楽촩һɫĽ˿꼻˿ȹͷһ򵥵ķ٣ִ֧󷽣ȵԵúˬ
ɫףٵ͵ҲѲע⣬ûһᣬ߾ΧˣάſЦǺѼ䡣
ǣҲһЩһԶԶأһ˽޷һЩʵĻˣǽȴǲͬ
Ϊ͵ɴȥĽݹּ⣬ʮǰǸԼϣӴ˺ĽĽݹʵˣҲÿ󾰳ˡ
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ˣ̫ʲôģɫףĿ
ü֪밲̥ҩûжһⶼûУȴǹǶԲԣ




153 м
 

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Ŵ˳ָ̫ڿ֤ū澵𣿡




154 
 

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޿䣺㵽˵ʲô㲻ϲūֻ˵ˣΪʲôҪݺһͼūأ
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ָָǸ򣺡ǡ̫ūôġ




155 ȫ
 

һýԾ˻ûнµʼĩ̫Ӿŭ˵ߵ̫ǰ
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һǰƾʲôһлܿúõأҲӦ汳ģ
˼ˣӻȼ𣬺ݺҧУȫУϢлѵԸģҲлѵģеһжлѵƵģĿľǳ̫̫֮λΪл深𣡡




156 ʧ
 

лܿŭȼգƲס˳һƣˣ˵˵ʲô
ѾͷǷĲ˼ԼĸҪҧԼ
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ʵuĺӣһᰲź˱ģ楾ǲġ
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ڹٸǰ׼ãؾ֮·ȫסˣһ·Ҳǳͨ衣
ƿӿľɫѾ˳ǣӷֵĽﵽ˼žĽ⡣͵֣ɽ峺Ϫɽֻƣ΢ϮԽˡ
楿һᣬ;ЩƣϴӱĿ
ȴһỺһŰŰɫ磬̽
ҶҪȴһЦ¶¿ݵòӼС
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Ҳܾá
һ·˵˵ЦЦȴǲ֪ǱڲԶ




158 
 

û߳˵أ㱻סȥ·
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üŭĿĿ楣ҧгݵ楣
ϣӦý㻳ˡôҲ˵;
楣ұ㺦ģĿ
Ц⻰˵Ŀ˼Ӻ칫ɣ±Ϊ㲻˼Ǳ˵Ĵ㲻úܿЦ𣿡
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˵ţҪ뿪
ֵǰ楣㲻ߣ
ɫ΢ѾϵƷͬƾʲôҡΪңȰÿǱ֪ˣҲÿ
ŵȻͻðɣ楣̫ˣ̫ˣ㣬һǹ
˲ңҲˡ΢Цѵֻ㺦ˣͲ˷𣿻Ȱʵʵģ˵»ԭ㡣˷ˣҲķҲסˡ
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ԽԽǻʵ۵ŮӦǸ߸ϵĹ楣䵽εľءһ֮ŮұΪƾʲôô̹ô⣿
ƲסͷĻֱ۾ͳ楳ˡҶŽǰݱɲҪ嶯ѽǲ۵ġ
˵ţһƣ͵ڵأĿࣺ楣㾹ˣ
極ЦҶֻڱҶѣֱײҲ˵ٶ
ŭҶʲôҲ֣
˵ʲô楾͵;գҾͲˡ
칫ƳһۣĽ㣬Ϊ֮ա
˶ţܻ죬ô˵ңܺõȥˣһҹȴһ֮ŮתΪ楶׽䡾ͻȢˣ˾ĺܣ㲻Ҫûƭˡ
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칫ɫǺ죺㲻˵ˡ
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칫ڵϣʣôʱת뷽跨ע⵽ңǲǾúܿЦ
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칫ҭҭң䡲ȢңҲˡĺɵһҲöԲԣ
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칫ϥǣƵģڲȥֻһ˴ᡣ
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ҵǣ칫ĹϵһֱôܣΪµˣϧ
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ỳ칫ǸŮǺuĻʹעˣ޷һӵĺѡ
ԭȥѰ濵ģǸߵӪʣһŮװ˾ӭ˹ǸĸŮ١
Ůٹһ񣺡ū澼
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ʵҲƲϸõģǸˣԺҲֻһ¸áuУø÷ֳĺʱ
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һۣ֪ʲôЦݸԺҪúñӣºʹᵣĵġ
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ոڼԸ˵ⷬѾܲˡ
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ʵ˲uռ˸Ů֮λ⣬߶ӺͶϱ޶ǺܶŶֻӶĸһТ˳뿴ӵָŮˡ
һЩϱŮģϱõӵģǻöϱԼĶӣﲻ
еţΪ߶ӶϱãŶ˶ϱġ
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˼ǣ裬ֲϲܻϵĺӡ
ԲuĺӣǸҪҲ̫ˡ֮ܶϣֻһ˺ãŮ˵Уżһ裬ǲϲ
ѹеԹֵļΪųɡ
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ЦﲻôǳˣͲƽǴεʧˡ
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ڿһˡ
極¼ȻˣͽȥݼգպøҲź򡣡
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վԭأһ˲䣬ΪڳԴסһ˲ͷӦˣǵuί
Ϊ˰楣ҲúöԴu
㣬תΧϵǹۣҪСġ
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楽Ųһ٣۵׾Ǻ˪Ǻ⣿
½ĽüĿһ°ɫֱԵøӿš
վǰһ˲˲ѾûмĿ̰
楲ڵתͷʲôҪ˵ҪɣȫûбҪҪ|ǸҲܣҪѰҲҪʲôط
½дʹǰʱһںò׼һ棬ҲǼǹɫ
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Ц֪Բסң͸Զңᷳ
ƣ֣ôãһֱ㣬˵ԼԹͨ˵ӣһȢӣҷ֣һǷŲ㡣ԣҿƲסԼһһ档
Цݼڽ½˵Щʱ򣬿ӵĸܣûǴΪŶԸҵġ
Բ㡣
һǰЩԹ޾ӿͷֻѹеģԶԶġ
½ݿɬ֪ҷµĴԭ£Ҳָԭҡ
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½һûŹ½ңֻǡ
úҪȥ
楣֪ҵ𣿡
楴𣺡ҲǸλãͷգ˭˭Ӯƾ¡
楣½ۺΣҲ˼ҶǸλòȤߣǷֻ࣬ҪҪģҲ
ȻͷЦ֪һֱҪ
½ЦȻǰҺ㣬һһԩֻǣһûб𣬵ȱ˳㴦á
ô࣬Ҳֵʲô
üΪһĻ𣿡
楣һ֪꣬ܶ£ûи߾һ֣ѵԸ𣿡½ۿЦ
򣺡Һ
½۵ͷңҶԾĺⲻǳ
˼Ƭ̣΢΢һЦҪˣҺҶ½Ҳ
½۵ͷ֪




159 ǹ׶
 

㻹ǻ취ֹ𣿡
½۳һµǡ
ܺá極һЦǳ˺⣬ûκιϵ½ܲɱңͿǵıˡ
˵ţתȥ
½۵Ĵ£㻹̲ס楡
µӻʲôҪ˵𣿡
½ͳŲţҶⲻ٣Ȼǰ˺ܶ¡ǻпܣһһֲ㡪
ЦݳһƳң˼һ٣ȻȻתĿ⡣
˵Щ˺һɣ޷ָԭӣ䣬Ƿҵĺֹһ㣿ǰһһϲ㣬ϹҲҾȡҵļʲôʲôΪ˰桵ϺλΪ˾ϻλ㵽ױı˶٣γĵˣѵ㶼ǵ𣿸ᣬ½Һ磬Ƿ˵½ҵӿɶǳء
½Ȼ֪˵ʲôҲ֪ǳ˺Ϊ̫סǸܱɱͥҲҲ˺
ԣʲô楷Ź½أԼҲ̫󣬺̫ΪʲôҪ
֪̫ĸףȴٳǰΪһ̫󣬾ԼĳΪԼ˺ôɱͥΪɱ֮лӮ楡
ģֻѳ˺½дС楣ȥԸ楣ġ
ݼù⣬ϲŮԶܺһĶһЦ
䳰ȷϰΪˡĬĬ楣ҲֹԸ½ңֹ̫󱨳֮Ƿпܣҷģһһá
½ۣûп𣿡Ц
⻰˵½ԼÿЦ
ǰһ޷أעˣ楲ˡ
ߣȻȢޣֻǲҪ˵ˣ˵ҲֻԵα
Ϊ𣿡½Ŀ⸴ӡ
΢˵񣺡޹ء
½Цݿɬ֪һֱϲ㣬ôŹأֻǣĲʺ㡣Ӧ֪̫ӵӣֻɢүʵҲŹˣ֪ġ
½ӣ̫ˡ楴ϵ
½ۿ£½ۺ޷Ტۡ
½ֻãϴһ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹѿڣϲġ
楲ٺûб£Ȼȥˣں£һῼǵġ
½վû˵ʲôһֱıӰʧãת
ǣȴʹ|߼޵Ŀһ
½۲һĮһȥ
|С˼ûи׷ȥһ˿½۶Į̬ȣһΪ˵Ц
ָʹʹѣûһ֮ˡ
ԶȻû˵ʲôȴһȫһ½ۡ
½ʱԶô룬ú˵䡣極ʱϺгС˼繣һɫûݲġ
ϲ楡
Ϊʲôƾʲôܵõòķ
ȻԹ½ۣ޵Ļ楡½Ҳûصˣȴ½Ļᣡ
ѵ楻Ƕ½۾½Ҫ취Ȣ楹
ôһ룬ͷԽֻšɷƾʲôҪˣ½۽һĶ楡
Ůˣ岻𣿡
|ҡҡ׹ӣĮȻû£ǻȥա
ѾлܿԸ楣ٶˡ޲楸Ͻȥ
ң½ô楣һżɱ楣ò֡
ֻſϷˡ
ʱ½дպ˼׼ȷɱ楣½۾ͽȥˡ
æ̧ͷôˣ
½ֱ˵ǲǺ͸׼ƻԵʱ֣
½дӲһŹЦһϢͨȻǺܹˡȻĸ˵Ĳ㿿סһͱ楹ȥˣΪֵܽöҪˡ
½ɫһܣ
½дŲӵѵҪϣǵĵ׵ĵܵã㲻ΪǱѵҶ𣿡
½üܣ楲ܹ׳ˣСıˡ
½дʮŵĺˣһܽءҪ֪ҵļǸ̵ֽģٷУǱҲ͹ءԵʱôңһ楻׾ٵ£
ܣĪҪУǺսͬ
½дмһСѾͷжҪ֪ǹ׶㰵ѷҲϣڱż˰ա
Ȼ½楣Ҳ½дȥһȥ
½дõ磬ǺӣʲôʱҲѶϡŮ鳤ˣ㵱ҪΪһݶŮˣڲˣ
½ؾǵҲˣҲ楲£㵱ΪһҺ;Եˣױ
һЩıưˣѵҾͲˣ½дļһܳɹɱ極ġ
½۾֮ʵʵģԶҪȥ楡һȥ˵ġ
磬ǹˣ½дֲּġ
½һ߳תȥ˳˺
ûһᣬ½дͱ˺ȥˣΧ楳֡
½дֻԹӦˣȥˡ
ǲ֣ƫҪ֣֮ԽǰҪ極
楻ȥʱԼҵѾˣҲʰ롪һ˵Ļ
з²յվӭȥϵЦϷʡ
極Ƴһֿۣ˿ϵĲյӿǲ
ƺûԼЦĴչʶˣȻôн
ɫްȻкιɣ
һӣ棺Ϊϣҹġ
楶Ųյһ٣۽𣺡Ŷ֪Ҫʲô
дϹ𣬶˼а룬ҪҰæġ
ǻʼԣź˿ԽЩߵˣȴǲܽģ£ȻҪ
ûŲյиĲҶ
ȻڣΪҪң
΢΢ü㻹Ҫ𣿡
Цһӿɱ˵屡죬ҲǰԼ˻˵̫𣿡
֪Ѿ֪˼ͼҺĽݹ໥ͨŵˣԭ楶Щмڿһжûá
ʵ̫ˣƭͲС
̾˿ӣúαزңӲ𣿡
һ֪˵ʲôôӲæ𣿡
иϽȻʲôҾʲô
ЦǴϼңǼΪ䡶֪˶ˡԭΪǸΪ竣û뵽˸߳ļҲ
˲ȻϵĲյ˺Ҳս꣬ļܵУȻΪ岻һֱھǣҶ½дļõ洫лҲ½дһ
΢΢һЦ룬ܿ͵ˡ
ЦһȻǽ߾ܰԸ
ʩһ񣺡ˣлˡ
üֻǿͷһл̫ˡ
ݣҪʲôл񣿡
óպܺãصǺͽֵĶһЩ͵աЦŨգգ۾
ģ楻ǿԴӦġ΢ֻҪӲͺá
˵ˣлﲻߣҶһԿţֱۡƫƫƤҵ˵楲Ҳ⣬ʵû취
ã뿪ǰҶһۡҶơǿ極ķϣһ̲סȥġ
楿ӣЦˣˣϾˡ
Ҷһǹģ֪ǳ͸ˣơ
Ц⸱ӣǹﲻûô
Ҳ̫ĿŵˡҶ벻ףӣô˺Ƥأ
ǻɳǾġ
ֻϧΪ˱ӣҲԳҲװһ·Ͷ٣ҪЪϢҲǻʵϣġ
룬Ҷǰûμӹ԰գ
ҶͷѽѽΪܼðű󾰱»ɵķˡ
ҹ۲極̬ң岻ã˵Ļġ
ҶͬĵͷָϽҡͷνʵ۰ˣЩжδΪµ壬һֱܺأ򣬵ôϰأ
ȻʧЦ㲻ؽˣ˼
ҶȻūˣū澻Ǿã²ĶõģɲҪƭȥһ˵ùȥĿǱȲϳµġ
һͷ֣µ֪
ҶЦ棺׳¶ͺá
ڶ죬ʽʼ
ʵǰ棬һڻӺͳӡ
ʵһһŽ𣬽ص˽ϳܵ˾ţ׷ɢӣһС
ǰţһŸͷӿʼŹ
䡴һɫװȻСһԵӢ˲ˡԱέƺ˵ʲô
䡵ͷ»ˣͻȻһЦ֡Ҳ΢΢һЦһͿܿˡ
ԶĿ̨ϣǺܶ˹ǰļҵ龰ҲǼ
칫УĿһֱ׷䡡
ǲ極Ŀ⣬ͷȥһᣬֺ͹Ů뿪˴˴
ﰵ̾Ϣ칫޷ͻѾˣȥȰο
極ǲ䡵ģһֱΧѰӰûȺ楲Ȼ˿ƿĿ⡣
ҿĵǣİաԴӽ˾Уվ˲٣ߣ϶ӺͼӿأӲʲôΣյġ
Ц˵Ĳ
ѾˣȷûҪ̫ˣֻȻʧ֮С
ĿĵһᣬͻȻ뵽ûмϻãҲ֪ܼǸˡ
ȥ˿̨ϣȴֻܴˣϻõӰ
˼極ˣ׷΢Цףȴܴȥˡ
ܴ˴üĿӣʱüƺô౻ɱĲ̡
˼䣬΢ЦŻҲˣôӰ
ܴЦºͣȻͻùϵܺá
極磬Ǿǹĵ䷶ȻԸύġֻڼˣܶʱ򲻷档
ܴЦݲģпһѣʵۡǿȥܼҲǿԵģҲóСۡ
楿ǰΧó˵ܴΪ˿ͣͨԴǶԴŮһܸϱĸ֣Ȼ١仰ҲԷȥܼ߶ˡ
ܴ˵۾ɲһ£ЦһȺͣԸ⵽ܼȥǵҡ
״ܴ˵Ц⾩˭֪Ϸ˵ĶŮʺǹɩһҪãǻʺ۰ֶŮǡɻʺý޵ܼȥܼҵݣȻǼΪصģȥܼ߶ţҵҲǡ
ܴɫһ˲ָ糣˵Цˡ
Цҿû˵Цô㣬˭ӦǻáѵԳݣˣ硣ʱһڲ²⣬ôõĹʺ͹˿ü޸˭ȥû뵽ܼңҲϼˡ
ܴˣѣϻõĳ߹лʺҲΪ
ʵܴ˾ǿ׼ϻӣŸŵĿﰵóǰա
ֻЦ˵ǣлĺöϱܼҵĸ֡
ֺ˼䣬楾͸ˣȻȥѰϻá
ֵǣһȦûҵںδ




160 һ
 

極ܼҵ񣬷ֻмŮ˵Ц
楽ˣϽ
»ˣûϻõӰӣʵٷںδ
һŮͷؿٷһͳȥˡ
ȥۿ𣿡
ŮҡҡͷūҲ֪Ҳٷֻǳȥߡ
ĬĬ極ˣҾȥѰա
ϼתתһˣʵôҵˣ
ҡףδټ
ɫأ֣ȥˡ
ҵٷֻǾˣȥߣ
極һǸׯŮӣôᶪԼȥأܼҵҲ֪٣ʵɡ
˼ǡ
ĪЩ꣺֪ôܾ鲻Ǳ濴ô򵥡
ҾȣѵҪٷˣ
ü΢Ҳ֪֮Ȱҵ
ҶȥӪʣæǧҪݾߣҪĵѰҡ
Ҷ楱ô֣أҲһȻūȥ
ǲŸתɫһϲ
ǰһȴһϮµϺЦֱ楣Ծǽ極ġ
Ҽ˶ʶȤ˺һŨĻ飺楡
񣬶˵Ƿ˻ïǸѹӣ׾Իġ
㾩ǹڶ࣬ҲķˡҲֻмܺˡ
ʱȻûɫˣҪæ
ҲЦݣʲôˣ
楿۾һɣҪá
*
ʵϻò죬ҲǰµˣֻҪģȻҪľԣ˷ֿѰˡ
ˣܴˡ極ɸȥ
㻳
һЦֱˣҾܴ˲ϿôȺȻû֤ݣ˶ûġ
Щζô
һ˲ã˵˭ϻ𣿡
һ΢΢ƫͷȥ
һЦ貶ĿѣҶЩʲôԣ
Ը̣ûô¡
֪룬֪ô˼ֿɰ
½˵Ļֳߣԭǰʱ½֪˼ˣԼ˽ģΪȢ档һֱ¡
֮䣬Եֵġ
֪뵽ʲôɫݣ½ȥˡ
Ȼ֪ˡҲǣ·סҡ
ЦһȻĲ
½ۻᣬ½۲ϧ½ڷԼϲ楣ҪµõҲá
ʵûҪͣһ뵽ΪԼЩ£һı㲻ˡ
̾һҺ޿ܣһֻһԸˡ
ЩԹǣ㻹˵ôõķϻ
ʧЦֻ֪Ҫʲôˣ㲻Ҫġ
֪ǰ½ۺ;ĶԹȻ벻½ۻ楺
Щġ
֪Ҳ楴˲õ˼δеɹˣΪ楲ϲ½۲һھǵЩ꣬楿һֱϲ½۵ģֵ˽֪ɼ½۶ôҪˣǲġ
½۵ǰ˵ĻһʹӦˡ
ңѾǣв˴ע⣬취콫˵¶
楿ʲôɫƽ֪
ʱлǰ£´̽ٷ˺ȥ˺ɽ
ɽһۣΧҰ޳ûȥɽʲôòôûзִˡ
񰲸Ŀһۣʵִ򶷵ĺۼ
ޡ
楼еҲģҪ絽
סӣһȥ
˼װ˵ǣ׷׵ͷȥ
ɫЩһ£Ѳֻȥˡ
ʱɽһɽϻںڰĽ䣬ɪɪ
ɫңͷ棬·ҲˣֱϻдССദۡ澣ȻΪܵˡ
סһ˫۾޴룬С̽ȥ
ֻ쪣˸ߵĲҡΣʱʱҰ޵˻ϸȥֲݴմȾ˲Ѫһֻֻʣ¿ݹǵֱ«έС
ϻŵסͣ۾ʳˮ
ʬ壬Ϊ˾Ұ޷ʳˡ
Ұ޺ǳȥܻܿᱻԵɽ£ҲҲ·ǲ취ȥ˷ˣҲûˡ
Σ·һ
֪˶ãԽˬˣ̫ҲбߴŨܵĲݴҡεˣҰ޵ĽŲҲԽԽ
ϻ±Ұ޷֣ӼССʯҰ޺Ķ˺δỺĽŲһ˫۾Ĺ⡣
ϻ÷ϳһͷǡ
۾ûбǳԵҲΪû˶Ծ
ƺŵζǺܿߵ˶Ѩ棬Ų˶٣ֿٳ˹
ϻֻǰһڣ۾һվպú˫۾һ
ʶһýȫܡֻǸŮӣôܹһͷأûǾһԾƺϾҪ˵ϡ
ʱһʯͷˣڵϹһȦǳ˹
˫ǵãûеȵǿʳʹֻһͨһǵ˵ϡ
۾Ϳֻϲһ֧Ĺ۾ȴһ
ϻһȦѰ֧Ӻδġ
ܿ죬ҵĽŲһֱŵҲץסһʯͷſǰ

Ϥϻȼϣ
ȻͿҷһɫȹŮӼ󻹸һӣȴǳ
ʱѾ˲˼Ϊκһˣϲѵվĵĳȥ
á楼
楼·ƣµˣæ߷ס
ϻü⣺ҵģ
楼һǱüҵĲҪҪôԵΣա
ϻ˿ڴľʹ¶ݣ˵ܲţǱġΪ˾ңǳˡҶһѨǻǱҵˣǼʱȣҾͻˡ
極ܼʱҵ㣬ǳµĹͣɱǵһԪġ
ϻþҪԪлԪŹֵٷ˲лǾ֮Ͱˡ
ϻ񣬴Ӳ˽˭ҪĶ֣ңϻÿѣҺѣ֮˺ôĵӣ
һ㣬ȴȴʮ侲֮¾ҪأûбҰ޳ˣҲӲȥһᱻԵһҹδ飬Ȼᱻ˴ұҵˣҲûˣӣȻϹԣΣ㶼ɣ֮ϲմһѪͽˡ
ϻɫ԰ף벻˭Ҫҡ
һЦǰ˭ô㣬ȲҪء
˶ĬˣϻôĹ벻ʲôˡ
ûеˣǵס˵·ˡζ
ϻһ˼Ƭ̣¶𾪣ôܣĺ֮𣿡
ɫɭȻݣǲܲμģߣҲûǸﺦ㡣
ϻ΢ѵǡ
̾ã룬Խûϼȥһ¹ˣȻȥʺ밲
ϻûţΪʲôΪһϱģҲТ˳嵱ܼСԴΪҪң
ֻԼ֪ˡ
ʱɫˣ˵ز˾Ƚٷͻȥա
ϻл¡
һɵȻĲңҲûеɽ
ϻÿϺЦ楣Ȼˡ
ԪĴ£˳˺ɽδⱻ˿뿪ˡ
ʱ̫ѾҪ£楴ϻûصҵ
Ůæ񣺡һ̧ͷ¶ȵٷˣˣ
ϻû˵ʲôߺҷŽ
ԭںȲܴͻȻ̧ͷһ£յ˵ϣһ졣
ϻãһᣬɫŵôˣ
ϻñϣϸĸףԭĴߣȴ·һ˽ţˣҵңҲܰȻĻȴ֪ȥ˺δĸɸȥһңϾ޹ġ
ܴ۾һĿһĨ楡
΢Ц˵ĲԭһȥԣôҶҲˡΧϳҰ޳ûΣգԸϽȥңǷ˺һҵأֻҪƽƽͺá򣬻ָʲôءɼø󣬲ܻΪģջеµĺôˡ
ܴôⲻʲôûѵָɣ
ЦŵǶлˣԽһԵȥҵл
ǵЦ⣺ҺͻǺѣС°ˣͷˡҺù˺ͻʺûвμԣ֪һᵣĻõġ
ܴ̾һ˵ĲʺСһ۰ãǴ±֪ˣȻҪˡҿȻٸǣǵ¡
ϻһȻ֪ŵ˼޳ɵĸԼǣϱҲԸΪҵǡ
ܴ˼׷˵ϻŮҲųġҳ߹浾֪Ǹϱĺѡ˵ԱһܼҺϼҵŵڣȢϻãȷǸˣҲġ
ϻٺкã˭˳ĵأ
ݣȻܼ޸޵ģңûôߵŵҪ󡣿ԼֶŮķϣϷҲͬҵġ
˳ܼңûϻãܼһܼʸϼҵġ
ǣ˭뵽һʧļƻϻþȻ楾أ
ʵǹһ




161 ѷ
 

ܴΪԼĺαװĺܺãûоǰ¶ιһ񣬾Ͳڶʱڶϻˡ
ֻǣȴҲ޷콫޸ˣóñݼľܼңʵίˡ
ֻʺΪҪϻü޸꣬ƫƫϷҲϲϻãûж˼ͬˣļƻҲˡ
ˣֻܳסֹϻü䣬úˣͳ
ȴǷԸ˵ȥӽ˵Ҫ˵
楺ϻлһᣬҲȥˡ
ͷտգ̾һ
ԽˣΪһ硣һԵﻹΪٷ˵ģ
ûǳµ
ֵģ̫ҽѾˣٷϵ˲޴󰭣Ϣͺˡ
ҡͷЦϻòü޵ܼȥģóլ֮¡Ҳ˵֪Щնȴǲ˵ԼͬյֶζԸˣҲܿɹ֮
ҵٷ˻̫ˡ
ϻŮӣ͸ü޵һܰ˼ңµʱϰ̶֣ܼ
ЦΪٷ룬񣬵һЩϷġ
ҲԳЦˣ⻰ɲó֪Ҫˡ
ָ˵ĶͷðȻȡЦ
סͷĵū澴ˣ
ٺ˵˵Ҿ˽ǵ
ԣߺҶϽסͣһ̬֮
һ·˵˵ЦЦ˲١
ܿ죬͵ʱ֣ϼ죬ɽҰõϼ֣ᴵţԽŨˡ
ʱ򣬽Ҳˣ˶ض飬ϹŲϻŹԽԽ
ָָǰ棺ԽˣعӺܿͻȥˣҪҪ
΢΢һЦأȥӭӭ
˵ţǰȥ
иһֱж楣˶ĵطȥˣɿĽ½д
½дڸͷϣüˡ
Żߵٶȣ˺档˶࣬Ҳ˻ע⵽
һޣתͷȥ˱𴦣ܿ죬ͷ楡
ʱ楣ȺдţĿȺѲƺѰʲô۲һųһĨȻЦݣվԭص䡲ȥΧΪҡ
½дһЦ˷ܡ楣ҵģԹҡ
ô࣬ǸսԻȥģҸŹ楱һҲҳ֡ʱֻΪǱɱȫѸϵ
ۿ䡾Ҫ楣ʼŹ׼Ǹ
ԼļţԱ֤һ
䡶Ц
סҪȥͻȻέ
׼һһƳͿһļ⳯߷ĺ硣
һ˲䣬˵ֹͣˣ֧ȥȴηӦ
֧Ҫ̽極ĿʱͻȻһļɹֻһһ֧ƫˣб嵽˵ϡ
½д⣬һݣֳڶ֧ϡ
ͻȻһ㿪㿪
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˵ţվǸվֵˡ½ۺʹ|ʱס½۵ĸף鲢Ҫ嶯




162 
 

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½۵ĸףˡ
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Ц˵һǻĶҲӹܣ֪ܣɫѬģ̫ȨƣҵļˣǿҴһ¥ŮӣȲЩҹŮ󣬵Ҳղġ̫ȴǿѣȻԸ⣬ΪҵļֻܴӦѾЭû뵽ֵĻں档
̫磬ǿȥ裬ºǿҰҲֻ躬Ӧˡû뵽ὫҵܵͷϡѾܾ裬Ҫҵܵܣһ֮±Ӵԭͬھ󣬾Ȼ˾ˡ̫ɾΪ̫ӣûܵκγͷȴܾ
ò˻ѳȥȴɱˡɱҼ˵˹Ȼɶ񣬵׻̫ӣǿռңһһֱַգܹǮҸ˼ˣҲ֪ɱҸĸ˭ֻǱˡ
ɽʹɱʲôϵ
³ճЦȻйϵġνᣬ̫գˣȴܵκγͷѵǻڰԼĶţʵ£ӷͬڿһЦ᲻óͷԼĶӣԽһƵݵͼϡ̫±ɱ𣿡
ԣɱˣ
Цһ˿񣺡ҼȻɱûҪŻȥɱʧܣˣֻǾźˡ
˵ţѵ̧֣ڱ˻ûӦʱͽС
ס
µһ߹ȥµֱˡȻס֣Ҷ
߹ȥһָ֣һɫĶ
£ָ˶
ʵɫѿ̫ҽڣ
̫ҽǰμ¡
ʵ۵ȥһ£ʲô
̫ҽߵǰָĺɫĶϸ˿ͻȻɫ䣺£Ǻ׶죡
׶Ǿ綾ĲҪˡ
ʵ۲Ȼɫʵ˭ڱıһУ
ͷˮ˵ˣָʹҾΪ̫ӣ뷽跨Χ輧дɱ㡣̫ӺӶӵĻҵļҲ޹ƾʲô˰ٻһҪ
һ˵ţӶ̫ӡ
̫һţº˳ģôǿռŮˣô˻ʵ̵ף
ŭ˵˵ʲô˭ָʹˮģ
̫ӵһݣôڸҵˣ´̫ӸһΣ˿ۼǿңһʱ鼱ʹ㣿˵ǹˮ˭ţ
̫пѱ磬һͷʣԩģǱݺġ
ԩݺʵԶ׼Ӻͳ㵱ɵӲɣΪȫ֪飿
ʡ̫͵һ̱ڵء
¿̫⸱ģЦʮʹ죺ɱʧܣȻǱɵģҪɱҪУϤ㣡
˵꣬۾һģ
ɽ£ãӦϼʣһҪĻʹҳ߼㴦£ɱ¡
ڴ󳼷׷׸顣
ʵۺܰϧԼȻҲ뾾ĻָʹҲ˵ʲô취أ
ʵ˸̣ǲС
ڻʵҪʱɽ齫¹Ѻʡ
ʵҲ޷ҲգȽѺڴ˰ͽˡ
ɽһĽҳĻס
һɢˣʵ뿪Ҳȥˣ£ѺζӲġ
ʵһ뵽Ҫɱ˯ȣһҹߡɽͬһҹû˯ȴΪ˰ӡ
ϲ˵ȷڰءҶ
楾ھǰͷ΢΢һЦʱʱжա
ס
楻һȦʵҺںδ
ҵŶʰ
ʰ
ЦͿˣԵһ죬һҪȥˡֻǣ˼Ҳʰ
ֳ°ͣǵâǻգزȥġ
룺ǰֿˣôܻȥءͽҺ߽
ȵȡ楽ס
Ҷͣ½ŲﻹкηԸ
楲ڵĿ׳һôˣ
ҺٺһЦԭǵĵ°ūǰȥʺ򣬵Ȼ׶
楺һۣҪȥ͸ϽȥҴȤ
ҸϽãūȥЩȥùżˡ
˵仰楶һǰܳ洫˵˸߲ҡ
ʰ飬𿴣ʶĦҳһǣȴôҲȥ
ֽһй񣬶һɫ
ȵȣΪƶһأֶ飬Щһǰյԭ
һʼĿ룬Ϥ֪ôͱ׽ˡһ߽֯
Щ꣬ɴߵǰ򿪴Ӵ硣
ʱҶūѾĻˣѾ׼ˣٹʱж
ҹʱ򣬷һ¡
ԭ±ѺţΧϷءȴм̿ʹ룬Ҫɱ¡ҶɽԤϣԴĶʱ˽ȥʱץס˼̿͡
ǵǰҹ˴ŻʵۣɽڵڶŽʵۡ
ʵմŭԸ˽̿ʹȥʡ
˼ˣȻҲΧ˹ȥ֪Ϸʲôۡ
ʵʼ˭ģؽգǲ˵δԾһֱţҲ
ӻ֣ǵ
ԭΪʲôѲȴһ̿ѳһơ
ϵ֣ͷһ̳ʸ˻ʵۡ
ʵɫһһӶϣŭôĵӣ
һ㶣ȹµʣ
ʵˮָ£㿴
ãȻӣƣȴҲ¶𾪣ʣ⡭
ʵѵϲƣ̿ϴ㸮ϵƣô£Ҫ˵𣿡
ƣʣƵȷģΪε˴̿Уʵ֪ʣʲôˣǿģ£죡
˵ţһͷϵ𾪺ία
ʵ۳ĬˡΪˣ˽ģϸ룬ָʹ´ɱһ¿ڿ˵̫ףⲻҪԸ̫
Բ˴ɱ̫ˮпܡ
ڻ긻ǿܻ꣬⼸ӶλҪȺܾãҪ̫ӾͺˡֻҪ̫֮λ̳лλ˳ġȻһĺöӣһ취̫ӱϡʧ裬̫ٱϣ̫֮λ
Ȼϲ̫ӣҲǣϣڶԸ̫ӵʱвΪ˶Ը̫ӣ´ɱ̳лλ
˼ˣ˼̽ͳһǱ򶨣˭һԩˡ
ˣµô£Ǵɱ̫ӲɱѺΣȻӳھȻִɱʵۡҿչķ򣬷Ҫ۵ϡ
ڶףΪҪôֵľٶ
ѲǱ򣬶Ը̫ӵͬʱ߸
ţͷ
е˼ҡͷ
ԾȻǾ
˼ţѶڻʵ۽££uȴ治֮£һݺ
һʵ۾뵽ʱ򣬾ӸµĿûлش
һ£
ԹϺȣԼĸףֻš
ֿһͷʣô꣬һֱТ̫ӣֵܣӲΥТ֮¡ģûָʹ˴ɱʡݺ̫ӣûɱڣ죡
ʵۿһݲȡĶŵ㽹޴룬˼ֶҡ
Ľ飬ıԩ
˼תЩŵԵݵһϷԼԩȻзתʱ֪˭ù
Ϊͷѱˮ
˼ˣƻҲµʣҲŶ粻˵ı£󸸻졣
ȺУṴЦЦĿһĻ
ҲɵѾļƻˣ뽫Լժȥ
ǣעԸˣڹһϣ
ʵۿϲľֿԥƬ̵ãȻǶΪǱԩģٲһա
ʣΪ¹شһʱҲ鲻ȴ⼸̿ͻؾ׷飿
ʱ䣬취ıͷϡЦеʣлҪ˵
ʵ۵˵ա
˵󲻾ĻȥɱڣҲ׼һʧôô̿ʹأҪԸ̫ӣӦ͵͵õһ̫Ӹô̿ʹϡʱȲᱻԩֿԶԸ̫ӣһ˫񡣶Ǵˣôô򵥵ĵףѵԼĲ𣿡
⻰˵ĺеΪӣֳ̫ģ˭ۣôô©أ
ûu˵öԣ£һҪݺuһҪ졭
ʵ۳˼Ŀɨλӣ̫ϡ
̫ΪıƣԸġͷޣʣɲҪƭˣûҪݺ
ȻǴ̫˵⻰Ǵ˵
ʵ̫ӣҲ벻ôӵļƲߣֻƳһۡ
̫ȴΪʵѾݺˡ
ž壬޳ʣĲǶġ
ޱ죡ʵ۲ͷĳ
̫ţϽڵأҲڲš
ʵۿʲô취֤Լ𣿡
ʣƲ٣ȴԱ͵ߡܽƽ̿ͣ˵͵˶ƣݺ
ͷһ˫ֽţ±˿ĲŶ˼ǣ߳ͽ
ȷˡʣöһߵˡ
ʵ۵ͷˣź˶
һȺ񡣹һ̣ҴҸ£¡
ʵüˣ
ˣˡǴʱһ̴ӣѪɫ԰ףϸ΢ƺ̾Ҫ
ϳšüô£
ʵɫ˭
ʣǶĳ棬һֱڶź򡣡
ûлʲôǵȷˣ˵ȷõĳ棬ӦĸּʱҲ
£ū澴˵µʱպÿҪĨԾԾֹ
Ŀ¶ɣô£մȥˣҪԾ
Ц£ūҲ֪ô¡
˳ǰңΪҪԾ
¶һĨΡ
ңҴ㲻һֱ㡢㣬ѵ㲻˵ʵ𣿡
ᡣ
Щżң
£¶ԲסǷĶ飬ţٱҵ
ҲҪţҪһʵңΪҪԾ
¡֪
ɿ֣˺һʲôԲҵ£
ԥ˺ðŵǿ͵ģ
ţʲô㡭㾹Ȼ
ΣҲǹϣ˵¡ǡҲû취
ұңѵ˭ô𣿡
¶ɫ
ֵãһ˵ȸңΪҪԾ
һȥģӻóһֽ뿴
ٿ꣬ͷ亹ȻֽһԵĿ̳ʸ˻ʵۡ
ʵ۳ֽдĿģ
ڻʵ۵ע£ŵĻϥǰǡǼٵġ
ʵһӽֽˣвʵ֮ԣҹ壡




165 
 

زֻʵʵ˵
ԭֽһ﹩д
ΪСµˣܵãԱ˰й۲ţû׽סС˵İѱвС¡
ʲôѱ
¶ߺޣСɱˣ˿ˡ
Ӳ⣺ɱˣ
ҵС˰ڵ£ֻϲŻؼҡһλؼҵʱһɫ⣬β澣޽˼ţԾͼı죬Сһ֮¾ͺСĽƵǽǣɥˡС˵ʱҲܻţ֪Ǻãʱһ˽С˼ţ˵ĿСɱˣҲ£ͻὫɱ˳˵ûʲôֻһиĸ޶޿κ֮£ֻķԸŵ¡ؼʱһԻҼһӵٻչҵļˡ
ݱ䣺ʲô
ԥһµ֪СµĸǸС˵ĻšСдһŹµĪе﹩ȻηԾļ󡣽ʱ˶ΪСǱɱڣƺҲϴˣӴ˱ᱻǣû뵽ͻȻȥС˾ûüԾ
ʧңڱź꣬Ѵ֪ѵԭΪԱĹǱû뵽㾹Ȼ߱ı棬ıȻ᲻úĿܰȣ
ҵС˹ϣ£㺦¡С˲ԭ£ֻ²ҪǣҵļˣСԸ
ﵹǲãɱˣйٸоֻ֪˭ݺģ
ҡҡͷС˲Ը˵СҲ֪Ļʹ˭ÿκС˽ǢĶһˣҿµġ
˼Ƭ̣Իʵ۵ʣڿֻһ¼̿ˡ
ϷȻŵġȻ˵ǾָʹôģһƱ磬¶ˡģ˻ɾֱָϾ˵ûʵۻỳݺء
ʵͬˣܿ죬űӣ̧Ͱˮˡ
صĳڴ̿͵ϣټˮζ˺ܿͼֲסˣһģϡ
˵ա˦˦
̿һۣһ˵̫ӵ£̫ӵָʹСڰҹɱڣҲҸǵġȵʵʱȻᱻѳƣʱͻὫ߱ͷϣ̫ӱݣҲᱻͬ顭
⼸̿Ҳһ˵
̫ǳס䱻ԩʱ
ŭǺ˵˵ʲô¸ͲʶǣָʹǴɱݺʵ۽£ͷʣǧҪǵģ˵ı£󸸻Ŷ
ʵҲ̫ӴСӣִ£̫ģ˭أ
ڿȻҲܺߣӦҲġ
ôʣһˡ
һʵ۵ô
ֻܵΪͶ粻¡
ʵۺЦˣ㵹ֳ
ͷһݣɫ̹ƽΣǫͣ²ż汸Ǿ캦֮µġΪӦϸ飬ǧҪԩ˴磬ֵܼ϶
ʵۿһᣬڿ⻰ʵԡ
㣬һЦ˵ĲҲ̫Ӳˣ»顣
һģԼǡ
ʵ۽˰룬ţ޵ĶӲụɱ߱ɱ䣬˰轻ҪҳĻָʹ
ɽæּ
ʵɨһȦˣԴ֪Щϲ֮ˣڱıͼ¶ˣ֮Ķ䣬Լ֮޾ǣǵ˵˼Ҫ޲棡
һ򵹣ҡ
ʵһĲң
˵ͷϢʵɨһȦˣתȥ͸λæϡ
ƺ뵽ʲôʵ۱߱ߵȥ̫ӾڸϾ˼գ޵ɳ
췢£˲ʱ䣬߲ˡ
ĿͻʵȥҲصԼ
̫վ˫ɷСӷŲǿվȡ·ߵʱһܺñ¡
̫Ӻ;鼫áЦֿµҲʵˣЩȥЪϢգҾͲˡ
̫û취ֻܷźݻҵţ
֣΢Цͻ֡
̫һ߷ߵߣ
̫ԶſĲԭԽԽܹĿ࿴ˡ
ֶǸЦ⣺˴˱˴˰ˡ
ڻǵûʵʱǸ񣬴Żɡӣʮᣬڿһӣڿһˡ
һ̣׹ߣ֪ôͻȻͱʵˣԸоڻʵڼ̳лλѾˡ
ǲ·ͳ׺ͻλԵᱻɱ
УԲԴСǸλã
ԽԽǸˣĿľǱƵľͶ·ǽ
ȻƵزøлľ楣úˣôһϻ۵ŮԸһ뵽極ĿԽİ
˲һ飬楺񵽵ʲôϵ
һ磬ͳسˣ½ң˼Ҷ롢
ųϵճһ߻һߵû뵽|ôģȻ;ǿһֻܣһҲò𣿡
ЦݳĲǣֻҪɱңǲŲٺֶζпᣬҲںܻ᲻˺ˡ
̾˿ԭ½ӷǶôᴿƵһˣĳ˺ݶʵš
Ҳ޵ûʲôԲĵطԼòɷȴǨŭڹüζԹɱ֡ﲻһƽϣűˡûõǸ񣬺޲óأˡݡǰ֪ԺҪζԸء
һΡ極½дʱʹûɥڡ´Σֻܽˡ
оأ
΢΢һЦĿ¶˵ĹʣҪﾡòźð
ҵ´|ȥ̫ǰ״𣿡
ЦԽģҪȥȥա
ȴ磺̫ôƭģ˺Բѣ˲|ֱǸӣһ̫鵽ϸô죿
極ЦңҿȵԼա
極İţڳ˺ɱͥ´ǣ˶۴£֪ǲġ
Ƕ뵽ͥ½ȣȷͥбҲֻӢšͥǱɱǾ̫ɺˡ
ЩȻ̫Ķ䡣
̫Ȼ۾˷鴮˵Ŀģ
żȷġڵǹ½ҵĴԣЩ϶˳˺ɱȶԶס
ܣԲܣ̫㱣Ǽأ˭ɣΪͥǱо͵ϮôЩأǸ̿ô£
̫̾˰ƣ˺ɱˣ˵һӶҪڴˣƫƫ˻ӷҲ̫ܿҽ˵Ҫˡ
̫ѹŭö˶˵ϻôҧ
˵ǿҰ޵ְء
̫Цһ˭ڱԵʱְأҪ𣿡
СĵصֻӷˣҲɥܿڣ¼ʱˡ
楣̫ᵽ楣ûյĴȰ
֪̫ƽ極װģǰ˵ɣҪûһᣬϻҪӷˡ
뵽ʲô̫Цһ|һʹ۵ģܲίˣһΧ
ʵ̫뵽ʲô
̫ȥһ飬|Χʲôʲô
ֱһϽǡ
ܿ죬̫ȥ˾ͻˣֵ̫ӷ˺;нǢϺҰ϶ֽţܲŻ
Ѿͷ̫ɸ֣Ҷ˵½ӷˣƫԣƫƫÿһ楶ȻùĶǲסѵ𣡡
ȰӷҲһʱ嶯
һʱ嶯ⶼǵڼˣ̫ɫݣɲ鵽ʲô𣿡
سʲô鲻ÿ˹ۿԾ￴鵯٣ûġ
Ҳ˵ûֱ֤֤|ϻҧ楶ֽš
̫ЦһҵСˣڰ߳ȴҶȥˣͥŮмֱ£uǿˡ
־㵵ǳ˺̣пֱʣЩҲɢȥģ
̫󻺻ϣʮа˾
Ŀ࣬ͣǼ£µ˰գ
̫۾Ǽأô֪أ




166 ֮
 

̫Ǽ£ֲ˵ˡǼ̫ƺѾһ㣬ͻʵ˶֪
Ĭһᣬ̫̽ڸô죿
̫̾¹ػʼ棬ű»ᴦµģֻǱߣȻ֪ͥ࣬ǲˡ
Ϊ̫楽ôһ̫Ƴһۣߵǰ˰ݣȲлġ
ԻʵȻҲˣȻΪ·ƣҲܴ£˽͡һԵйˡ
ȫ˵˻ʵźϢæظʵۡ
£鵽ˡ
ʵ۵ͷ౾˵
͵͵˻ʵһ۵£Ǹ£ʵˡ
ʵһ٣˵ʲô
£µĻ֮صĺûм֪̫ӵҲֱǿ
ʵ۽ʺݺݶ˵ϣŭЦһŪڹƣô˵´ɱ̫ӣֳɹΧɱޣҲѲ˸ϵˣ
ͷСȰ²ˣ±ʲôء
ʵվЦǰôˣ;ãûǵӺͱ̫ӡɱޣǿģݺǺֶΰ
˵ֻ̫࣬ǵµȷίˡ
ȻʵΧϵһжǾƵģֱξ
鷿ⲽ˼ȦдһʥּɿԵּʹٶپ
֪ʵۻؾһټģԲŲæĵ˹С
һţźĹŮ̫վԣǵüĿϢƽȴǰӿ
񣺡μʡ
ʵû˵ϷʲôŻعͷɫ䵭֪Ϊν빬
ĵ븸ʾ
ʵƶ˾װģЦȴƽص޻ΪæŸµʰ̯ء
ԣһȻŵ֪δ븸ʾ
ʵĿ죬һۣѵ㲻֪𣿡
Цʵۿڿ˵µˣ˵֪ǳԼᵳӪ˽𣿻ʵ̽Ծǻˡ
˼ˣԽ裬ʵ֪
ʵ۽һ౾£㿴
Щ֣
ʵ۵˵Ҧ޽ӵ̵ʱ̰˲ӣ͵ϣµ̰̮ˮ˲ٰաطԱ֪鲻ֱڲⱾ౾ŵǰҦؿټ޵ģ˵ͲŸɣԭĲŸɣ
ȻһҦ˲٣Ǿ̰¡ʵԱ̰һЩӺʵҲһֻ۱һֻۣҦȻҲ̰ۣǷֲػ֮ˡ̰޽̰ӵӣһ£мԴ
ߣҦ̰ۣ֪ܲôɻʵ۸֪أ
˲õԤУҪ˵ʲôʵֵʯ٣Ҳټ޵ģǾȻ˾ٱ̰۾ã͸߹ؽʿԴγáȥˣȻЩ̰˲ӡֵܿҲ˲ٺôô˵
ģѾȷǻʵ۹ⰲŵģĿľǽҲǶľ档
ʵҲǴӻӹģȻ֪˽СҲ֪ǻнύ󳼣һж֮У֪Ҳ֪ǰ谮Ļӡ
谮ˣټԾֲɣȻʼ
ԭڻʵеĵλѾ
ͬһѶ۵һиģôغͻʵ۵ĸ֮飬Ϊޡ
Ȼ޸ӣʵ۹Ȼ顣ϲʱ򣬽߸ƶˣʱͽȵ¡
ʧȥ˰ңʧȥĸףʧȥ˻ʵ۵ĳ谮ΡΪλ䵹˾أ
ס⣬ƽʣдǶʶ˲壬󽫼С˾ټҴѣ븸𷣡
ʵۿΪӣӦΪ룬޷ǣȻҦغʯٵΪûкܴĸϵټǣվҪеεġ
ʵҪʰһˣ£ͻʵ۶ŸɣҲΪҦغʯٱ粵ҧƾ𷣡
ʵ۰ڰ֣㲻ϣ³кܶ˶أ޲ܲӣ𣿡
ףҪл
ʵ̬º࣬۵ȴһ˿֮飺ˣϵĹְж°գظ˼
ҪûȨ
ͷԽԹޣֻּܹ
ʵΪοˣ°ա
ˣǣʡ
ʵۿž߳Խɭ䡣
Ҫ߾԰֧־ֲҲʵʵģͲֻо˼ˡ
ʵǰ౾棬
ݣʵ۾ʱ̫֪Ǿ̽Ϣģǲ̴
ͦŴӣ˷߽ŮʳС
ȻݷЩȻڸǲסò֬ܽأ欣˼ִǰûеĳϡ
Ŷ񣬻ʵæס˵ͲҪЩˡ
ۺ᣺񲻿ɷϣ檱ǸҰŮӣоͲعأ˷ģҲֱ̫ݳ檡
ʵ۰ĸ˵㻳̥й֮ˡ
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167 һʮ ˭
 

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ū澡ūۿҪŻʬߣҲū澡ū뿪ڽ̫ţǾñ׷Ͽһʬ߲㣬ֱӽʬ嶪ˮˡūҲŵˣ֪ôá뵽ݸ߹˵ȻǣūԽԽֻţһʱͿ˴¡ڿʵڲȥˣū澲Ŵŵ˵˺ʹˡ
ܴ˲極ߣҪ뿪ſȥݼϷˣôְأѿԼˣ
ҡͷūûС
ҽƱ磡ܴ˳
Խͣˣⲻǰ·ͻȻʹҾ뿪ˡ
Ͻԣū澲Ż·
ܴɫȻԭ
ɽɿֵò
ҡͷɫźɫūûпòȷǸӣֻ߲Щݡ
߲ЩݵӶȥˣ⻰Ƿϻ
ɽ˼ͻȻݺǿ
һ쳤ȥɽǰѯʣʲô
ݺյ֣¶ɫһ㡣
ܴ˸Ůʹ˸ɫŮݺһѻˡ
һö̵ġ
ֿӣһڵģܴ·Ȼͨˡö۴ĥʮֹ⻬ʵͨ͸峺ˮⶼܴ͸
ö۱ţ˵ʲô
۵˾ɱ֣ݺ޺Ǳıɱġ
ɽöµۣʣ֪˭öۣߡ˭·һöӣ
Χ˽ƺöۡ
ҿöۣŴָͣϽ򴽣˳極ӡ
ⲻǡ
ʱ˾ˣҼ˴·õֿӣ
ɽͬ˭
˵кüأСүϾֿӡ˲ģԽ鿴һ¡




168 ֤ȷ䣨ϣ
 

ᵽ䡣˲ɶ楡
ͻȻúܿЦ˲ֻҪԸ뽫һʵն
ɽ˼һλ̫ʦڣɼȥв鿴һλΪΣ
ǣ䡣ЩǣҲֻܵͰ˵ա
δȥͨ籨ţȻǲ뿪ġ
楾ãôãӴ˲ƣĿȾʲô紵ݶӦܲϣҪ˱˵ĵ
˼ˣ楸Ҷʹ˸ɫҶͷļȺ
ʱǰɽ˵ʲô
ɽɫأתͷ楡
楶ʱȻǣ䡡
£ҪСү
⡯һ£ƽصǷʲô
ɽ´ºСүйء
ͬ⣬ɽȥˣ䡾͹ˣʵɻ
ȸֵ֪º˽ҹΪ£
ɽĬһᣬһˡȻͶϸϸһ£Ȼӿϸ
ϵģȻһſӡ
ͬˣ
ݺ̲סޣҼҿȻǱıɱģǲѾҵˣ
˵ţһ˫۷ŭĶ䡡
һͷˮˣ׷˺£
ɽľ֪
ĿɿڴðŻعԣ˻ɱ֣
ɽȻԸСүıɱ֮£ǵȷڻзһöۡɵǣСүҲһţҲǺʣµһģһ
üͷ𣺡̲λ˶꣬సӣƾһö۾϶ɱ֣
ɽҡҡͷ϶ֻǻɶѡ
Щŭֻǻɣڱ˵Ҳ𡣡
˵ţȺ棬ֻ˫ڵϣһĿŨصľš
ŻãݺСүûƭȷˡ
Ȼɽö۸СүǴӻóۣϵģ
䡱һۿһ᣺ܣҵġ
ɽһſҪνͣ
һöͨĿӰˣֲֻһ˿ã˵Ǳ˵ġǰϯϣһŮϾƵʱ򣬲СĻˣסҵ·ǸʱҵĿӳȥġ
Ȼ򾲣ȴĻš
ɽƣѲɱĻǿ䡲˰
ֵȥ˸ңбУֻСүĿģҲֻСүϵĿһš
͵ҼҷԵ޹ôıɱҲᣬҽҲᡣ˵Сˣڼ֮ģɱ˻޻Һҽ㡣öۡȻ뷽跨õ˻С
ݺ䡲ϣ߷ߵʱץöۣ˺ܴ֣óۣ˶ġöϣҼҿż֮гôץôѲɱ֮ŵĵģСү߹Ҳɷѡ
䡱Цֱһɺԣö˶˵ıɱҿѵҲҪ뻳ûʲôڣйҲɱˡ
ݺߵСүݾͿԺ֤ݾǰСүȴӶʵ̫Цˣ֮ǰûֱɱҼҿǲܱ֤һʱ嶯ɱˡ·¾ˣֻ½ͼʬˡΪ޷죬˻ɵϣ벻ᳶһſӣ
ɫϣݺ
ݺŭЦݺµ˭ţ˭֪СүСүΨǴӣΥͻĶԹ˾֪ܼҷִŻˮ飬ȱֶġɵǣڻзۡԣ˰ѾˣСүίһ֮ɱ˻һֿܣıɱһ£ָʹġ
ƺ楣Ȼŭ˵˵ҽŲˣ
ݺһһЦָʹСүˣ
Ŀ޹أΪɱ˻һΪݺأ
СүƱ磡




169 ·ת
 

ҹɱˣݺֲһѾͷǹ׶ۣŭ
ݺϥеɽǰˣūֻǸͼѾߣ΢ᣬ֪Ǳ˺ҲΪֻعǳжƷԱһ˽ȻһжΪҼҿֹ֮Է
ˣձ»ɵ㣬ӳ顣
˿䡵Ĺϵ⻰ǲŵġּ䡾ɱ֡
ɽһὫ˴ȥŻǰʣʵţͥĶӻĿŵɱˣЩԥϣ顣
ĬĬŶ¾ôСү޹ģ
ʶ꣬ϲɱáߣֻһö۰ˣ˵˹õ壬߸䡣ҡ
ݺˮˡū澶˵֤ݣ
ɵ֤ȻûеģǶһЩʱգ˵ҳˡ
ݺŵӵһЩʱգҲα֤֤Сүԩġ
ôԵ£ȻҲ룬ǲ˵
ˣϴСүȥǰǲҲҪ˽
ɽüһٲƫ̻κһˡ
ݺһͷӨ͸һſڵϣǾ˾ȥǰ£
һӳˣǵǰñʣôұȻûкùӳԣıʼˣǳҲΪ
˾콫£ҼҿҲǽ֦Ҷܲܰװױ˺ݺִ
¡
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һͷЦݴӺ
ԾÿҶ˻ʬǰ
楴޴£Ե۾Խ
ϧƵ̾˿޹ɥҲÿϧݺΪ澣뾡ҳ׵Ҳ⣬Ⲣҧ˵ɡҴ壬Ϊ˽˶ԹıɱµŮൽΣд
ݺԲĸɱֻԼɱˣڽƱ𣿡
չһЦã˵棬ģָʹ
㡭䡼楷ġ
極һЦ䡶˵иŮϾƵʱСĻ𣿡
䡵ͷ
ɻǵǸŮģ
䡻һµʱͷҲδߣܼҵŮҲⶢ˼ҿ
楶˶ٵۼ˳ֳһöۣ
ǰ䡾˼צӵèʮֹɣûۿֻܣûңл᣿
ݺŻᣬЦƾ²⣬δۼСүĵ˵ǱݺģǿЦ
䡾һĺӣŭݺ㲻ǸŮµģҲǲСĵˣ֮ûɱ
ʵϣö۵ȷϾŮװСĻûµģûòҲʵʵ˵ȴǱĿġ
۵Ƶӳһشػ磺ȻۿԵ𴦣ôŵöۣҲ˹һöһģһϵǲǣ
ݺּŭɡ
ȴǲ벻ǣʵֻҪһʾܱˡ
˶¶⣬ݺ˵Ϊƻʲô©Ȼƻ޷졣
ݺԺ⣿
䡶ϲ·𣿡
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極ͷôһöۣ֪ʲôӰգ
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䡵ͷһǡ
ͻȻЦˣһöۣЩرء
β𣺡ʲôر֮
һ覴á
楴𣬵˵ȥ
һСڵ㣬ȻǸ覴ãǴǿġߣǽҵģҸ˻أôɽˣԿöûһСڵ㡣
ݺɫãȻ޴룬Ϊ˵ɽִ̫¿
㣬ɽö۲ûʲôСڵ㣬ͨ͸覴á
ⲻܣݺ粻˵˵˵ʲôСڵ㣬ҿǼٵģΪϴ˵ġ
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Ŀ⺬һȻǳЦʵҪ֤˭ĻΪҲѡֻҪѰңܲҳһö۾ͺá
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΢Ц䡶Ĵˣ
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Ҳֻ취ˡ˼Ƭ̣ɽϷˣ»ҪЩ֡
Ϸ˵Ȼǲ鰸ܼҵȻʹ
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Ϊ˰жֽţɽԴȥѰҡôԺӣҪһöۣʵЩѡ
Ȼֶ࣬˺ܳʱ䡣ЩѰҵ˺ϸ޲ðѵƤһ飬һʱ󣬲ֹͣѰҡ
ˣɽʵ
С˶˵ûҵһᣬһСϹּĵҵˣҵˣ
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ӭ˾Ŀ˹ȥˣһϵöǲһģ
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תͷȺգգ۾Цʮֽ
ݺɿˣϸˡҲԹݺԩ˭ö۳һƫƫҵĿֲСĵء
ôܣݺʧ˻һ㣬૵ôܡ
һᣬȻ̧ͷĿɨ楣ϣһǰƻõĶԲԣһǵģ
͵Ҫ˵һ׼һöӣԲԣݺͬƱúء
ݺûʧܣЦѵûҲ˸ɱģȴһö覴õۻԷϴɣ
΢΢һЦл٣ͷβҶûǻȥ鷳Ϸ˵ִѵΪСǣǽˮڿ˵ΪҽָղִԻɱ˻
ҲͰˣֽ䡶ǣ֤ȷ䣬Ȼ޻˵ڿ飬ݺﻹ䡶ţҪǽܿıɱҿ֪ĻΪǡǺгءϾıңǴĳɹ䡶ôҲŵùݺĿĵʲôֱ˵𣿡
ݺѣűȱݸ߹󣬾ͿԵߵڰ𣿡
極ֻʵʵ˵ˡô˵ʵǵߵڰףݺ˵ʵһģ
ݺȦ죬ƺŲ楻ί
ͻȻָ䡣ˣˮˣСү·һģһҲࡣ
䡲ΪȻѵͲ˹һִ࣬ͬ·ɱûϵۣ޻ңģһ¾һ·ڱǿһöۣ
ʵֻҪ֤䡴··νݺССľһ£Ů˾ƣֳһöӣôסȥ·ģ
Сү뿪һϯ
ҡͷЦЦʵüԣϷˣܼǷп˵ϯϾͲ뿪Ĺأ
ϷæȻûС
Цѵ޵ʱ뿪ϯ
ݺȻʶϵˡǸѡڵʱϯʱ֣⴩źһ·ְŮСĻûĿӡټϣ֤ܳɹ䡿ıɱʱҺŵù
ô޷ļƻô˿أֻҪһȱڣƻʧˡ
һӽסˣִһʣ˭Ҳû֤˵Է
ܴȴȫȻˣһۣɫһţϽͷȥ
ѾͷȻˣδ⽫ܼˮװ֪飬һҪúôѾͷһ٣ȥ
ɽЩΪѣӦʵۡ
ǡڴʱﾹȻ
ɽһ߹ȥôˣ
ͷˣ
ɽһᣬδʲôʲô֮ͬ
ָָ󣺡ϸǲиۣڣ
ɽսˣȷۣϸǿҡ
Щ˼Сڲŷ֡
ɽվǸΣ
ˣ¶ġ
һһصʯͷͶˮ޴ˮȺַ
¶ģ
ͷǺĶҩ˲
һ楣㷽Ų˵Ǳ𣿡
ɫȣСѧղûмʱۡСû˵ѣӽȫϣӱϿǱеġ
вӨӨʵмҺ֡
ֱ˵ǡɽ
Ӹּɻ󣺡ֲСӣҪɱûһ𣿡
ɽɱǸݡոǿˣȻĻᡣ
˭µĶأȻ˲ֺαϻĲӣ
Ȼ򣺡˼ǣȳŻע⣬˶ĲӣΪǱˮģ
ǡ極룬Ϣҩע뻳ڵˣһϤģûжӷˡߣܴ˲Ҳ˵𣬴˵ź򣬲ǡøֻ𣿡
䡵ݺϣѵǡ
ѪˣǻŮҲźܱҸûɱ
ʲôۣʲôҩڼƻ֮ڣ֪ô֣
ԵȲݺǲ֣˸ע붾ҩȴʵڵġҺ䡶δһ·˶֤ģҺ䡶¶ˡǱ˷ˮǲǿΪ¶ϲ֮ǰأˣҺ䡶ȫϴɡˣ˵Բԣ
˼Ƭ̵ɴ˿ȷȱ˶ֱϲӶġˣСүȻϴɡ
ݺݺ㻹ʲôҪ˵
ݺ֪ƻʧܣûڲѣˮӯӯūһʱ鼱Сүλˡ
һ鲻áЦ᣺ҲǻУҿ⡣
֪極ĴϻۣȻˮõԼϡһĳ׷ˣҲЩ¶ߺϻӵͬһˣǶһ٣ճƶϣӦϢĶ˻ǡñ˿ˣ˳ˮ˻Ĳӣ˺˳¼޻䡡
ɽͬԼǣֻǣڻע붾ҩĻ˭أ
楻ʵǵ죬ͼݺҺ䡶ͬն񡣼Ȼ֤Һ䡶ԩģô˲˭ڱָʹ߼޻ǡ
ɽһģٲɺңġ
楽ŲỺߵǰ¶˳ȾİɫЬᣬȴͬһ²ϣ¾ţҲ̲ס
楸ŵ۾㲻ǶڿɺЩˣ




170 ֮
 

лţūްˡ
極һЦĿ죬ȥҲ죬俴˶ˮĲͻȻˡ
Խš
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ʮֺڣ̫̰ƣͷһȾʹӦα֤
ۿҲ֪˼ٰСү
ɫĮ촽촽һѿڶĻ˭֪ĻǼٵģ֤䡶ԩģҲòָʹݺ䡶
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ʲôˣü΢
ʾ֭ɣʵԺûȷ£ūҲ˵ˡ
楳ЦЦ㻹ǲ֪˵ģǹǰװɵ㶣𷣣ӦΪ˵ĺۡˣֻ˵仰Ͳҵܵܿıɱҿ˵ӦӦܵͷأ
ɽСʹͺá
΢Ц䡶Ǳߵģɼ֮˳Ǹ֮˼֮ɱ˲֪ںδݺ䡶ҲӰ٣Ҳòѡ
Ҳˣܲܲ׵ıԩһҪһǡ
ݺ䡵İףܼҵҲӰ졣ܴЦЦź꣬һֱʵ֣үͿԩ޳ȶµġ
ܴԳݣһ楲Ϊʲôˣοϲ˶ųĿá
˼ˣЦԽŨңǶ˵Ǹİ˰ˣΪҪԣ˽Ľǣ׵ģȻ»صźġ
˵˷ˣܴ˲Ȼ˴£ҪʶӦõġ
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ܴ˾ȥˣԽʧ룺
ᣬȴв㲻˵ʵҲа취鶼Ҫ¶α˷ʱأһûʲôģǵ̫ˣҲ֪ʲôء
ǰԼǸСѾߣҪɱǺܼ򵥵𣿾ˣҲֻ
ͷһƺˮݹһū澡ūҲǱ˱ȡ
ȻǱˡ極Ƴһۣ˵ʵ
ʳָָݺݺңҪ˵ѣָСүף
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Ŀ⵭ĮĿû˵
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ݺһϨˣ뿤ˡֻ˵ˮõūϣū̫ˡūһֱڻźĹôСүأ뿤
ҷ̵ָҼҹӵʱݺΪӾɱ֣ôֵָʱ򣬾ǹˮأѲɣӵҪҪ
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һЦģ԰羰ƺȻʧɫˡ
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Ϊɱ˰Ϸԭ鲻ݣ˵̸Ҳ࣬ϻ̫иҲοЦãͿա
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ܴǿЦȥͿգĸ׻ȥͺá
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ȻҲԡãϼҵŮʺ׵ֶŮ֪ǶٹŮȲ㣬ȫԻЩĸΣҲͿٱ۸ĿϼҺͻʺ档
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չһЦźáΣ
ϻЦݵǸˣºͣƷж˷Ҳãྴδִ
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ЦЦΪȻ
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ЦȻǲҵġ




171 |֮
 

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δ˵꣬ͿóһεСϻӡ
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ݹأȻǴСʳʮָմˮ˵ֵӣյ趼˾ѡҶȻáߣһֻôµӣһʱһ֮˲˼ʵΣؼ⡣
ӣһʱЩ̡
񿿽Խͳϲ𣿡
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ޱ飬΢΢ף̧ż
ŵ̼ͣ˶ˣ׷׻ͷȥ




172 ˺
 

˾һ˲Ȼ
¶λضҽΪġ
ǳ˳飬ĵ̫Ǵ߳ˡ˭֪ˣ;ͷỳеϵǴ|ĻҲΪ˶Ը楡
楲ûҸڲݣһϧӡ
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һᣬ極λԱ㣬ˡ
㶼͡
ͷβ楶ű˵ı飬֪ĻΪͻĽء
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½۵ĻֻܾסƳһۣԴ޴˵ǵģ컳ǾͿЩȥգҪ鿤ʱ䡣
楴һĨǳĻȣȻ½ͨȻ½ô˵ˣҾȥˡ
˵ţͣȥ΢紵棬Եøš
޴˲ŭݣ
½סӣǹУҪС
Ҳ֪ģ̫ģ޴۾ӯˮŮˣʵÿϣֻҪұ۾Ϳ|ӣôᡭ
½ҲǱʶ極ֶ˰գ˼Ůӡ
ʹ極ĴȴҲ|¶ҪصʱȻҲɺޡ
޴˲ᣬ߷ߵҲģ֮һҪ|𡣡
½̾˿»Ҫӳ飬Ҫ֪楿ǽƻúܡ
޴ʧıӰЦڿǵˣ֮ҲҲΪŮˡ
½˼תε̾ɲһֱô𣿳ңºպսһĽݹĵչסͥȥ¿ΪķϣôҴΪź̫ϧҲշοи׽㣬ֲ˶Ľ˵ãͶ̥
˵˴˽ﴫԣܿҪΪһ̫ˡʱ楾̫ãҾ̫ĸ壬δʺĸ壬極ĵλȻֻˮǴߣ˾ϲ²ˣ˭ҵû·ôˣ𣿡
޴˼ȴǴһٵʥ裬ֻô˵һˡ
½˵ģûֻ˶ѡ
޴˵ͷҡ
˶Եʣϧϵ׽ࡣ
һͬǰУ޴˵ΧһƬɫ˴|УҾܿ|˺ұ뱨
½Ȱ˵ɲҪ嶯̫Ϊα𣿡
Ѱմ޴˵ľһ½˻յӶǴ|ȥģͷԱ㲻ôˡ
̫֪|Ǳ˺ôأֱܲɱ楡
½Ȱοڰգ楲׶Ըġ룬㻹ǻȥʹһΪãһţܱһҪá
½֪Ӻʹ޴˸鲻ȴô˵ӵȷޣҲֻˣԺﻹм谮Һͨ谮ľǳһһŮ
֮Գ谮Ϊò෴ͺʹ޴˲󣬵Ծɷ̴档ΪǴŮ÷һ𳤴󣬸Ȼһ㡣ʱ䣬Ӷڳģ֮ദٲȻһԷޡ
谮ǳŮ|ϣ޸˼ң޼Ҵҫ|ˣΪԾ޼֮£ȻҲѹһ󣬵ܿѹʧˣǶԴ|ԹԹ޼ҶˣͬʱҲִ޴˽Ů޷
һˣأʵǹ⵽ǰҫ
ԣ޴ҪΪ|ֻܿԼָϵġ
˼ˣԴӶ˼Թɫ֪
½һ֪޴˵˼Զɱ楣ȴñˡ޴˺楳Թı極ģʱԼ֮ˡ
˼ˣ࣬ȴһݵģǱ𵢸ʱˣȥ컳ա
ų極Ĵƣһߣ楱һ
̵̫ȥ
ף·ա
ŽЯŮֻйһˣҶڹſڵȺ֪̫ټȻ֪ˣܿһ档
Ȼ˵Ҫ
ǲСģСĲȵȹڣͻȻˤڵء
̻عͷ
ǡڴʱһ¹Ů·׼񣬼龰Ͻ楣û°գ
極ֳڵϣȹҲɢڵءӵϵӣȥ칫̺ȥٿݼ̫ȥٿѰˡ
ڶģĻ칫һĵشơˣ֪˺£ǻԼ
ŮĿ࣬ɲĵͷСġ
΢΢һЦлˡ
Ůͷ񣺡Ϳ
·ա
ܿ죬楾̵·£ٿСһͳȥˡ
ݼ̫Ȫʯ
̫󱳶޼Ż֦ûһϽ
楱ϥƣ˿ɫΪƽ
˺һᣬ̫תֵ̧ա
ͬÿһλߣϣٲմȺ͡
ϥǵʹл̫
ŮٽӹӣִһˮΪ̫֡ӣŹ˵ķ̣Į֪Ϊ𣿡
ٿĶ̫ĸȻ˵̸ᴫȥ
վ̫ǰɫ̫ʾ
̫Ŀ⺬߷ֲú͡
Ǹĺӣڹ꣬ѾûмôĹˡϧŮ̫ϻۣվʲô¡ʱЩ¸úͿҪͿôͲأ˿Ҹ߹ˡ
楲Ϊ⣺̫ԼǣԸĺͿֻԸѣһӾԺĹǷƶ񶼷ֲ壬һӿǹû˼
һ˫ģ̫ȴܸܵһ⣬ִżķߺޡ˿£ַߺ޾ǳġ
뵽˺ʹ|Ĳ״̫۾һУЦһŲţϲ㣬Ҳĳ谮ġôŮ˶衢ݣҲڰ߳󣬾ǻ׵ĺӣҲҪ֣¿㸸׵ϣҲҶչˣȻֻǸ֮ŮȴܵõķţЩĻҪ㻹ʲôģΪжϧЩʼ벻ס
αĻֻöġ
Ц̫ôΪչˣȻǸмҲǲжˣֻǣЩ²ô򵥵ģҪ
̫תŷ飬ҡͷЦЦ֪һ˸ѡ𣿡
ü΢̫˵ȥ
ˣǲ廳ȥģǻһֱǰҲԲһЩ޷¡
楴𣺡̫Ļˡ
̫Цһ楣˲˵Ȼʲô֪ˣͲҪ׵Ϳһԡܳ谮Ŀƾݣ޸˼ңҲ˸۸㣬һƽ˳졣û뵽벻ҪΪЩԡ
Цݼڽһ䡮¡ͿԵ̫̫ĶҺãȻǸм˼ҪҼ޸ɱ˵Ķӣĺãˡ޷ܡ
̫ŭȻͻȻЦˣȻʲô֪ˡԭΪĴڲ׾֪ôܣԼ³
һЦ޷ɱڰˣ̫Ĺ𣿡
֪Լ³Ϊλô벻Ҫԣ
̾±»֪գΪβ߱أ
̫֣üӽԺһǰһ谮㣬Ȼ
أ極֮Բ߱ҵ֪Ǽ£Ҫ̸𣿡
㡪̫ɫࡣ
Ц᣺Ȼ½۵ʣﲻҺ½̫׽Ҳ۰ӵģϧȫ󾰵˶֪ĸͨһӣΪڸܻɱȶԶôأ᲻Ϊ֤½۲Ķɱ½أ
楣ҹȻС㣡̫ŭЦ
ƮƮ̫ͨ죬˳һӣó˺ĸԸΪӣҲıˡ˵˺½һǸˣԭ档ô
ЦȻ̫ǲ֪½˵Ըء
̫Ȼʲô
Ц΢΢̫ģҲҪ
̫Цвҡ
極Ц
ᱻв̫
極һ㣬̫ﻹǺģҲᱻвǱв
̫楿һᣬЦǴ󵨣û˸ôͰ˵
ϧ̫ϧˡ˵ʵǺ極ĵģƤӵˣŪЩƣ뵽Լʱ楲֪Ǽ£Ըġ
û뵽صôãǱ楷ˣ楻½۵вվλã˾ȻʲôµģΨһ½ۡ
ǡǡץס㡣
ľӣֻͶ޲ɱ楣Ҳܸ߻ʵۡ
Ц룬еϵѾˣͲҶ˵ˣ½ۻţͲҪ
̫⣺ȻٿĴţҪųȥ𣿡
ƺ£Ŷ̫Ҫң
̫ĺˣһһĽ֮ͣǰɱ㡣
̾һ̫ﻹĺǰűµϻλŮˡ
̫ӻֶ֣һ̽һֻƺɼоڻζ
һƣݸ楣ա
楴ǰľƱЦЦ̫Ҫɱң
ҪˣҲҪʱ䣬ġ̫Ц
һ̫Ժ⣿
̫ߵǰ֪Ǹƻˣû׼ľٿ㶨Ȼգ
һЦһ׻̫۾
־žƱԼⱭƣҪūιأ
楲ֵ̫֪Ǹϻ۵ĹѾԸ˰غùţκ˽˭Ȳ㡣
˵ţþƱ楣Ǻ˰գҪūΪѡ
һӣⱭƣЦȻֻǸŮ̫ҲûȨ⴦ҡ
һֻƱôڵĴءˣ̫ҲҸɣ˿ٿմһϵ𣿡
˵ţֽƱݵǰ
ǲȣūҲֻܵˡ
ӻ֣Ůǰץס極ĸ첲㷿ֽιȥ
ĿֱЦЦ°ͣľƱ촽楽ҧš
ּˣóһ룬ſڡ
ͻȻ顯һϵľƱȻмѿˣһˤ˵ϣеĶʵ£ȾʪЬ⡣
ô£־Ļͷ̫
ʱǡ顯һűƿˣһµӲĴæ߽̫һ۾͵ߡ
һ˲ֱӣ˭أ
´һᣬеû°գ
Цҡͷ֪ġ
£ľƱʱɫͻȻһֻ̧֣һһ֧ʹ̽˷ֵļ򡣷ʹ̱ڵأɫ԰ףء
̫ɫһʲô
һū澣ҶȻҪһѵ
̫ŭ𡣴򹷻ҪأĸȻҵѵ֣ǹ
ֵǣôἰʱϵôôõ֣
ϸϸһ룬ͻʵ۱ͷƽʮ꣬Ǽ򵥵ˣһ뵽Ӷľ楣ƺʲô
뵽Цˣԭˣԭ͹һˡ
ºͣ۵ȴͬһ㺮˪˵ҺͰδŮδޣҽӽкβɣܱȲ̫ԼĶӡ
Ļû˵̫꣬ȴָ֪ʲôܲɫѿ
Ӳںͻʵ֮£ҲץסʵۡȫٵֶΡǣϾأҪġ
񣡡̫㲻Ҫ¡
ڵ֪楷ʲô̫һҪ
̫ˣ޹ء
ЦˣҪɱˣҲ޹𣿡
̫ЦһܻڣȫΪʵۺͰҵʴȣʵʵļβˣǺҹһΪ
ҶԴ󾰵ĻλûȤҪ˺楣Ҿ
ָ̫ͻȻһЩ£һҪ𣿡
̫ѵ˵̫ΪȨմô޹֮˵ѪҹλصʱΪµڹ
ô˵̫뵽˵¹̫ӵ̫ʵ۳⡣ԭ֪ˡ
̫Ϻףһ㡭ǡ
ǣ極֣Ȼûб£͸ˣ̫Ҫӡ
˼ͣ½Ų΢ЦЩ´ȥҲ֪»᲻飬ϴ
Ȼᣡ̫˽ʵۣЩĴȥʵΪԼֻὫƳȥ
ԣܸ߻ʵ۽췢£ڲܣ
ʹվ̫ߣ̫󡭡
̫۾ݺǽϣȥȫȥ
ǣ߳ţƺ̫ŭ
֪⣬ΪλҪٿͬ
˿æ֣̫ټܲ𣿡




173 ̫
 

߳ٿԶѾ̫˺棬δҹζ࣬ǾΪá
極ȻҲôģҪһ˳
ˣֿע⣬ס֣ܿ͵ˡ
½ţ±˷֡ôѲ֮һۣЦݳ磬⡣
޿κΣԽԽˣؼмܲס
˵Ҫ˻񡣡
ûʲôˡ
˿ԹҲ˵ĬĬע
楱շ̣֪иǰֻҪﻮһ
Цһ㡣
΢΢һЦȻҲǶ֮£»Ӧ
ᵽ΢ڲ֮¡
極üɲ鵽ʲô
벻鵽ʲôΣӦ֪ߵ쿿˭ھġ
ĬĬ極ǹģ
ЦҪ֪鵽кη楣ͻȻһɫ楣ҾҪ֪ҵģʶȤͳǵ˼
ЩãȻ˵ʲô
Цһ㵱Ǻߣȴġ楣ô濴˼𣿡
ü΢šϸϸ˼Ƭ̣ɫصҴķ
ЦЦǸˣһǻʼӵܡǶһģΪõһжӦǵģֻҪϻλҪʲôܵõˡ楣Ϊıߣ̫ˣǰֻǸͨҹŮô
òǻۼ汸Ůӣ˭ᶯأȻҲ⡣
楺u׽ãȻǲܹһģ極ݣҲ檡ϻλأʱЩֶΣ楲Ҳüޡ
ȻǸλã㣬ŭˡ仰˵ɫº͡
üô룬лġ
ֻΪuеֵ
ǰĬ˺uȷǿɺޡϸһ룬uûɲҸȻӵұԺuֻλãȻĹһ
񿴳뷨ΪģܹˣӦˡ
һ㵣ȻЦ˵ĲҲһĿĺûᡣ
񷴸۲極飬ȷֻ񣬲ų׷ģ極ϣǸСۡ
Ϊһеã˵ˣʲôʱ֣
һͽ졣
򣬵ǽ죬ҪЩȥ׼ˣв˽ݻ̫ӷҲˡ
極ͷδȥ칬ݼʺ
ˣҾȥˡ
Цȥա
ûֱתȥˣʧЩģ楡
楻ʲô
ﴽһЦ˻񡣡
楶һᣬתͷߡ
ݵӰҡͷʧЦҲȥ
칬Ů̽ȥ棬楽ȥˡ
ټ칬ȴ壬̿ȴܲһů
ȥĳֹÿεǾ÷磬ļ紺Եøܰ칬ǻ̫ռˡ
Ůǰˡ
ʺŻķۣбϱĿ񣬹оͿȴδš
߻һӣɫһˣǰһյ衣
ϳˣݡ
ʺ
極ˣʺ۾˳ֽӹеĲ裺ԭȻֽ¡
лŻʺ⼸ϲ̫ãǡݼ֪ʺˣ
ʺЦ㻹ǹűǽ񷱶࣬Щۣµġ
ûжʣ΢Цԭˡʺ󹬱࣬Ҳñطǡ
ʺ˿ڲ裬Ȼ㶮£ҲôȰġֻǱΪйʺЩ¾Ͳܲܣںɶʡĵģݣûʱźأ˵˶ٴҲʵиж
Ůٽݵϣ΢Цףһݵ£Ǻ֮Ҳѹֱ˳谮
ʺЦҲôģʵˡ
ƺܳæվʺǧô˵檳ҰżȻң̷ܽºͻʺǳ檵ĸ֣ίʵûʲôġ
ˣʵĿ㣬ʲôʺЦ£㻳̥ؼҪú̥ҪźҲǰ̥֮󡣡
ϸ᣺檽ǡ
ǵþͺáʺ
ʺֵǴΧ£Ѿ˵ˣʱҵҲøлǡ
ɫˣͻǺѣȻԹۡ
ʺ͵Цôһѣˡ
˵ţֳŮ֣Ůٻ⣬㣬ٹŮ룬̣ź
ȻʺǸʹͣƾܡ
վѾˣЩ֮
ʺЦɲǽ˻ãֻΪ㡣Ǹĺӣϲ㡣
ˣȴ֮ˡ
Żʺлһᣬ楾뿪ˣҲʺˣҲˡ
ʺӻ֣ȥա
칬ݱ˷ߵ󣺡
סݲض񡣡
Ȼó裬ֻ̥Ӳѳ̬ǫȾһ˿ΣŹǴδܺ˵ϼ仰ǴεĹ磬ҲֻԶԶ˿һ棬ٴִԹȻ٣ȻϾǵһ˵
極˹ɫ󼰡
ɫƽӹҺͿᲢۣ
һЦݵ˵ʲô
ɫǰձһٸ檣ǳҰ黭ͨ룬Ź㣬Ȼͨգ뿤ָһպ󡭡պټ檵ʱ򣬳Ҳõ£Ҳùµ⡣
Цоͨߺܶ࣬ΪҪҰأ
Ϊǵ٣ֻпáݵϣܴӦ󡣡
룬ȻʢȻûвӵĵ
滶ϲлˣǸˡ
˾ﲻסǾããΪԼĽҪϽջͽ楡֮ԴӦΪǻʵ۵ĳòӡ
ܱô룬˺ܿ͵δ빬
ݿ
ûã˵ڡҲǲõĻ£ڷŽ͸񻨴ƺҪλ˵۾㼸Ϸ¯̴Ʈͻһ
極ݹȻǶʥ衣
ݱ˷Ż˼ЦЦⶼǱµĶ䡣
ȻַԸϲ裺δȹˣǱ»Ǿ࣬ҶԸˣɲҪ
楿Ųյ̵ĲҶЦܳ͵ĲҶҡ
˵ţѾйŮٹˡݵ뿴
תֲŪ˼ңȻǺ١
ݵ˵һ粣ǻµģ٣ȻǱȲõġ
極ЦݾȻ¶֪
ݵüǳЦȻãҲ˵һЩڿĴšеΪֺñ£գ˵𻤹粣ǶĽء
ĦŲյϵĻƣô
ͷġȻĽһź٣Ǹü黭֮ͨΪ˹ҲԶǣôأ
楿ߵݣȻȫȻ֪ڸĽݹˡ
֮ģҽδ빬˵׼һкϷˡ
˼ˣ極û뵽ݻģ͹ȣȷڲͬ
ݹ˹ߵ鷢ˡ
楷²յһŰǰ£ĬĬָ˸ҡ
㣬һŵ峺Ϫ̣öΧ˶ϸδ빬һɼž
ݿ楾µĲգиֲ̾ó楣ֻ˱ȥˣοһһķţ׾ͻʹ˳ԣǳҲѾ˼סġ
ܿ죬һ꣬˶Ŀδģ㣬߹ȥĵ̾ո߳硣
ʮĵĽε࣬תڶδ빬
ľˣͻȻȻֹü˺£
㣬һŮ棺ݣ̫ӵ
̫ӣһãģʲô
̫ӵʺһô£οΪĸ̫ӸӦñӲ
ȥһʣ̫ӵµΪ¡
Ůæȥˡ
ܿ죬洫һŮ̫ӵ£Ҽ̽أ㣬ǿЩȥա
վ͸ӣŨ֦ܵѾһӰӰ´µӰȴһ̫ӡ
ң·ʱģǺģ
楻ͷ΢΢һЦݣ̫ӵ´ˣôأ
ɫȻ̫ӣҲⴳĸĹУڿֻеˡ
˵ţߵſڣ¶죺̫ӵ£ʲô
Ǻˣ̫ɫЩ룺··ܵĶȻһˣʶһ¡Ȼڴˡ
΢գ̫ӣ̫ˡΪ̫ӣҲôδ빬ȥ
̫ӱǸɫ֮ˣѵʱЩ˾ƣټľбЩıԾͱ¶ˣ˳δ빬ţʹ
˶ʧ룬Ϊ̫ӺݵĹϵ΢ûҲȥʵۣ𲻱Ҫᣬܸ̫Ӿͺˡ
ԶԶվں棬̫һ۾Ϳɫ޵ݡҡΣüβˤĿ¶ѣٺЦţԭ
ߵǰҪȥӶ̫أ
̫ۣأʲôأ
ݱ˷ţ̫ӽǽȥ˵ˡ
̫ӸݣЦˣ㰡㡭
˸ã֪˭𣿡
ݲ
ԹɵЦҿǻӣ󾰳̫ӣҿϣĸ㳤ôķϣ㡭ңҷΪ淣ҵϻλͷΪ
ŭˣԸ˵ʲô콫̫ӵȥ
̫ӣ˭ݵĻֲܲԥһᣬ̶ֺǰȥ
Ȼδ̫ӵӣ̫ӾͳǵĹۿ˭
˻æ£̫ӵϢŭ
̫תһȦָǵ֪ҵݣ͸֪ðʲôԶԶأ
û˸
̫ӸӷŭǺôĵӣ
̫ӵϢŭ
ɪɪҶڵأĻҲлˣƮꡣվԺƺͻϵķ羰Ϊһ塣̫ԽԽǰ˾ɫǣһЦһ߿
ţ̫ӣ֪˭𣿡
̫Ц˭ȥס
ɫͨ죺ǱµݣȻҳ΢Ҳ̫ӵµĸ㲻񣡡
̫ӺЩͿʲôĸʲôֻ֪Ǹˣ̫ӣδĻʵۣµ˶ҵġ
Ц̫ӾͲҸ߱𣿡
̫޿ֵĸŮ˲ԸʼңǸ֪ˣҾ˵㹴ҡ
۽Ƴ¹ſڣŭ̫ӣʫ飬Ӧ֪Ϊܣôδ빬ҾͲƽˣΪ̫ӻǿȥգ
ҾͲȥҺΣ̫ӵЦ
㡪ּҿ㸸ʵŮˣеݣ
ʵŮˣ̫һᣬȻЦѾˣ㻹ôᣬӦΪԼ롣
Խ߷ߣ̫Ӻ˵ʲô̫ӵ³ȥȥ
Ȼ󺰵ʲôȥ
̫в㲻Ҫ֪ô¿ĸҿδĻʵۣ㾹Ȼҵң
㡭㡭巢
ͻȻһȣ̫ӶͷȥȻһĻʵۺһԵȫ
ݻʧɫŲ鸡ȥ˵ʵϣߵ¾ң̫Գ񡭡
ʵ۷ݣȴǲһԡ
˳վã᣺¡
ʵлǰ̫һţӣ
̫ӱվȣһſ˵ϡ˵أմӼΪЦ
֪ʲôһĭֵĸңҶ񣬲ҪԴˣ˰
Χһɼžͷҿʵ۵ɫ
̫Ӽ˷ֻԼӲһҵǸҹ
δ˵꣬ʣµĻҭ˺̫¶֣Щţʣ
ʵָһţĿܵγˮû治ТĶӣ
ƽ̫ӻӹЩɫЩˣԺ̫ӣ˵һƽա
ǽǴ۽ˣ̫ӵ̫ˣȻҽ쵽ĺ󹬣
ʵŭЦȻˣǻûأŵϻλĸΪˣ
̫ʶ˶Ĵԭ˵Щʵ۶ˣ
ֽŲõϥеʵ۽£ͷأ̣ʣǾƺʧԣ󸸻ˡ
ƺʧԣʵЦ˾ƾܴδ빬˾ƾܶ޵񣬺˾ƾ˵Щ治֮ԣ̫Ӱ̫ӣΪ޺һ޿Ͷ޲Ѿã֮ģôΪ£
紵̫ȴǺʪ䣬ΪƺͿһ˲࣬彻ӣ嶶ĺɸһͬ±ϣΪԼһ˲Ҫ¡
ʣ֪֪󸸻ˡ̫ӲϵĿͷ
ˡ治Тǿˡ𣿣ʵɫǺ졣
̫ӰģһʱͿһʱͿ
̫ںڵҪôͳıӵϷأ˵Ҫ̳лλĻ
ʵһϲֻһɱģ
Ų·ˣʣôֲҪ£һҪݺ




174 ȡ
 

ʵЦ˭ݺ㣬ѵ˰δ빬𣿡
ʣȻͿҲ£Ŷ̫Ӱ
ʵ֪̫ʲôУεôԩ̫ӣ
̫ӳסۣӸµĿӶ񣺡޺һɵ컯֮ǿȸ輧һ£Ǵ˾֪޵㶪ˣ£㣿
̫ʡ
ӣʵˣָһš
̫˻ʵţֲҶ㣬ֱͦͦĵڵϣһ˿Ѫ˼ʡǱݺġ
ȻɫģʱܳϣֻһҧԼǱݺġ
ݺʵ۹һЦ˵Ǳݺģ˭ţ޿㻹ޣ
̫ӼĲ޳ʡ
̫ӣѾǵһηִˣ޶һֻ۱һֻۣû뵽ȴɴ쿴ϵ޵ŮˣǲǾҪɱϻλ
̫ڵأң
ڣĺ͡ҡҲ˵ˣǻʵ۸
ʵĶŭˣĺŨࡣȫæ˰Ӹʵۣ£ŮҲķϲ衣
ǰˮӨӨ±塣
ʵԭͷϣ˵׼Ҫݳ̫ӵˡһ̧ͷͦŴӣ滨ģͲùˡ
˵˶̫ӵĴ̫ʲôܲ˽ԽͰر֣̫ӵġ
˼ˣ̫ӵֶ˼֡
̫һʵ񡭡̾Ҫգ
ͷţͷʣһݺһݺ󸸻졣
ǻʵ۲˵ĿɭĿ
楴΢úЦ
˵ף̫ӻǴڶ֪ʵ۵ʲôӦǣΪӴδʥ⡣
̫ӵǲǱݺĲҪҪ̫˵Ƿʵۿ׶̫ԼյǻҪռݣⲻʵ
κһʵ۶޷ԼĶԼգ
楸ʹ˸ɫ̴ŴŵĻСĵعڵϣ£һҪΪȻͼ΢ᣬҲǱµŮˡ빬̷£Ѿмһֱر̷֣ͻʺÿԼĹУ򲻸Խ׳һոѵü̫ӣԸ̫ʲôǣ
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̫ӸͲȰ棬ѹˣҡҡ̫֮ӵʵΪ̫ݹأ˭Ҳһ£û뵽̫ӷǵôߡϧֻ˵˶ĺӡڱ¼ʱϵǲ֪ôˡڳ檹ܵţһʹԼġ
Żʵ۾⣬Ȼ֪˵Ķʵȷ̫Ӳ֪ܣϷݡ
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澹ڵϣշ˵ǣǡ̫ӵӲģūǲ
ʵ۵ıĪ⣬ſ楣޴ӻʺ˵ˣô̫󣬵δ빬ˣ
ǰʩһ񣺡ر£Ȱݼ̫Щۣû̫ãȥ칬ǡݡݸ֪˵´͸һβ٣ղѣ̽һݶԱһƬģҲòݵӣ͸ݵδ빬
ʵǺ極Ļش𣺡˵ˡ
ݾȵ֪
ʵ۵ʵ۸֪ޣȥǱߣһ칬йѧһ¡ԭǲ˽㣬ǿ
Щ˼ûоܾ檣ǲ֪˭ˡ
ʵ۵ﲻʦ𣿡
ϺƷ𣺡ǡǳһϲ
ʵ۶ʱȻܳ裬ȻĶ࣬Ǳ֪٣˵ᶯʲôֽš
楿ʵ۵ɫ˺üأ֪ˡ
סЦƺŵȥģϸ˵ݡ
̵ǳ檵Ĵ檲뿤δ빬ģڳ£һŵˡ
極ͷָӣȻһܵŵģ
͸̫սթӡ̫Ӻݺһۣ
ӣʵ۽һյӳȥһյˤڵأΪ꣬Ĳˮѵڵء
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ʵ۲ԡ
̫ſڵϣҲҶ
˵ˣ̫ӾǴʱൽѾҪˣڻʵ̫ӾǸ治ТĶӣٽƱֻûʵ۶Ӷһ㡣
ңʵ۸ǻʵ۲봦̫ӣʵΪ¹ػʼ档
ȻҲָ̫ӻΪ±ϣֻ̫ȡˣ˳̫
ͥԺﾲĬãʵվͻȻһ¡ȫæס¡
ʵƿݣŻ㻳У˴磬ȥЪϢա٣͵˵ֶ極˾ţҲЩա
楿Żʵת뿪ٴ񣺡ͱ¡
̫ţӿϥйȥһӱסʵ۵ȣʡ
ʵȴһĿϣ
̫Ŀڣ³һѪɳƶʣʡ
ʵ۸һۣȥ
ȫͷ飬Ǵȥһ֣ǵͷͱҪˣ
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Ѫζһͱ紵ɢˡ̫ӼѵĴӵһᣬӲɾ󺰴е̫ҽ̫ҽ
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̫һתͷͿЦ̵楣˲䲪Ȼŭ楣㣡
楺̫ӵڴһأϧҲˣ㻹취ôסա
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Χǹڵϲ̧ͷ΢΢һЦһߵ̫ǰ˲̫ӣҪϵ̫ҲвΪ¾𣬱ڲ㣬Ϊ̫ӵϷĸ´ȥӰѾǶᷳ͸غܿͻ취ˡԣΪʲôҪ㣿
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極лᣬȻԸݷݵġʱˣҲóˣ͡
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175 Ͷ·
 

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⻰û˵ûٿʲô˶һҪȥ𴦣ˡ
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칫Ųһ١
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ǷˣȻҵڲӡ⻰˵ĿɲǸˣռ
Ů͵͵һĵ楹Ȼǰ楣һΪֿȣ楾Ȼ͸˵Ȼռ˼ҵŮȷ̫á
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죬ĴҪ֣Ҫ֡
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ͷԣֲˣ˾ܼˡ
Ըĵͷ
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һͷͿһ֧ƿնŷ˻
һֹ̣ͣһӰͽץס֧뿪
ȴһżİ
ΪڹУЯŮԸû˱οڡ
Զкɫһݣƻб䣡
̰ڰ±ȥ칬




178 һƬ
 

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楼еҪȴȥա
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;磬ô೯д󳼺͹پ춼ڣñ̫һ򾡣߿Ƶǵ̫ӡ
ҽԽԽ󣬼ʸϲϴ󣬿˾ɱЩپץǸ͵ɱ
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ԶԶһĻоתԣһʼƻĲġ
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֪˶ãһƺѾƽֻʿڸѲ顣
ϳˣǾӪˣʵѾȥӪˡ
˵̫ӴǿˣסΣʹȻһͨܵԱʱ֮裬Ȼ˸ϵӪ
̫ΣǱˡ極
楻칬ʺȻȻҲлǣȦģҭҭģȻǸոտ޹
楾ͨˣʺ¶ˣôң浣ʲô¡
ʺĵǲα極Цûʺﵣˡ
ֻҪƽ¾ͺáʺһֱҪ㣬˿Ҫúú
֣С˵ϣֿ·ϡ
楺˺һֹͣӸ᣺ˣⲻǻ𣿡
§極Ĳӣľѣ楿Цãֻܽ
֮ǰһȺѾ˽Żˡǵ׹˼ǵݣûɱǣֻ˰ڹ⣬κ˳ȥھӪ˸ϵˣЩѾˡ
楹˼ԭˡ
ʵףɱ˻ʺλõģҲû뵽ᱻӽֱʺӵ칬ЩͰˣֻ÷Źʺ
ʺüۼǳȰοﲻصģף̫ӴΪ޹أϼ޹أǣ޹֮˵ġ
Ҳ˵ǣ˭֪̫һ׽ʲǨŭġ
ʺɸ֣̫Ǹӻѧ췴һҪõλ˵˵ȥ̫ӾϰˣƽӹԸѾѹΪβ
Ļֻ̫Ҫ̫ˡ
˵˴󺰵ٿˮˣȻ𣡡
ʲôٿˮˣʵ̫ӣͻȻ
Ů޲һţǣˮˡ
ʵһ˲Ļ㱣̫أ
̫󡭡̫档
ʵŭ죺һȺôź̫ģ
ŮսսٿѾţˮʱ˶ȥ˳ūµģ˵¡ҲѾΧѾµʱ򣬻ԽԽٿճɻҽˡ
ʵ۳ݵԣ̫ûбȳ𣿡
Ůڵأ
ʵŭȥ
һĲҽУŮʧڴʵ˵ڶ̫ĸ飬Ƕ飬Ѿ벻̫ˣǲϣ̫ġ
ﾲĬһ˲ʵ۷ԸȫɴٴȥٿһҪ̫ȳ
ȥôˣܾȵó
ȫҶʣֻܾҵ̫ʬǡ
ʱ̫ӣڴм䣬ңᵹ뿪滹кüӡҪǱжǱ
ֵĿŻʵһ̱ڵء
ʵ벻ΪʲôƻʧܣѾ¬񴣬;ƹغøţʵȥģ
ֻҪʵдλگ飬ǻʵۣҲ±ˣҲ¾ĵһ̵ĵû뵽ȴ³
벻ףˣ
ʵֽţ޲ûٿˮ̫𣡡
̫³һѪеĿ־Ѿסϵʹʣ̫Ƕɱġ
ʵ۴Цµ񣬻ڽƱ磬޵ɵ޴֪㻹ֱ¡ͳ죬ڹ϶֣ƸŮ죬Ƴд󳼾ͷȻٱдλگ飬㼴յǻΪۡˣ㻹ɱôˣ˵Ҫһ
ڳۼ󳼣ȻҿڣĿߡ
̫̫ˣǵļҲŹǻʵ۸̫һֻŭԹ
̫ӻӹɫǸϧģʣ֪󸸻ĶһԸһֻ󸸻ʿǸһķϣĶһ
ݺ᣺£ӷͬο̫ӷҿϳŮǱѾɱģҾֻôһŮ»Ůһ
Ҳ׷׸ͣҲмҾ챻ѾɱĴ󳼣ʵ̫ӵ
ģҪس̫ӡ
̫ӻҪģƫƫʱȫ棺£̫
̫ɰȻݣʵʣȴڴġ
ȫͷ̫ʬҵˡ




179 ̫ӱ
 

̫ˡ
Ϣһף쳹Żʵϳ͵̫ӵĹԱս͡Ϊ֪ʵһТ˳̫ǲɱ̫ף̫ⳡģ̫ӱ븶ۡ
ȫĴУūϸˣȻֻʣһѲкūʬԱ߷̫塢ָʲ֮ʬǵ̫ơ
Ҳ˵ȷ̫ˡ
ʵغһյ۾̲ס̫Ӽš
⼸ƺþ˻ʵеֽ̫³Ѫ֪ʵͷϣ͸ҶˣֻϣʵһȻϣã
ʣʡ
̫ĵ˻ʵ۽£סʵ۵ۣζĿڵʹܵĺ޲ιȥ
ʵ۾ӸµĿĿͱģһ̾ͻһŲ
ʣ̫ĲǶɱģҲ֪ٿˮ
ʵŭͳƹ췴ǲʵ˿סʹ̫ôΪȻ𲻼ʱ𺣣̫ţ޻Կ޸һķ㣬ǡ
ʣ̫ӵͷؿڵϣң֪ˣ˶ҲǱƵġ
һ̣һ뷨ӿԺ
̫ô꣬һֱƣһ˵ǵļƲߣղʿ¬ͱ
ò˵̫ѵһΣϧʵ۲ˡ
뷨һ֣ץס˾ĵݣϵشԼԩģǱݺġ
ʵĿ֮£ıͳ¬Ѿȫϣĸ׺ͶӵвŲòֽ㻹
̫ӿ˼ɳƣʣҲ˵ʲô˵¬Ǳģָʹƹ췴Ȼ߸֮˾͵Ŷϣȡ֮ʣ̫֮λһֱֲ̿αװôܵƻ𣿾ҲԶʱˣĻ֮˾͸һԩԩ
ʵЦ޵ǲ֪ĿڳʲôʱˣЩ˵ĳȫڱˣǲƺĲˡ
̫ӻ׻ʵ۴Ժ⣬棺£Ȼѵˡ
ڴ󳼻ͷȥԾÿһֻµʿӿл̧һһĶڳҲ˽
ȫӻ֣ǰӡ
һ̣Ⱥбһ󾪺̫Ҳŵȥƣ˲ѩ׹¡
ЩﲻǱģǾе
ȻעĿĻǸΣԼҫĿۡ
˽ؾеͬı棬οôࡣỹκۣ̫ı֮Ȼҡ
ʵץǸۣϸϸ˿Ȼһ̫ϣЦЩǴ㸮ѳģ㻹ҽƱ磬˵ݺ𣡡
̫Ӹ֪Щô̫ӸĿ̣ҡͷʣЩǶģʲôˣôֵԴأ
ʵ쬵ĿɨζΪλıҪ˵𣿡
̫ͷһ֪ʵ˵Ϸһ¡ΪԼӣʵ۾̫ӵڡ
ʣĲǶģһݺ
ʵŭЦһ̫ģͳƹҲǱݺڴѳЩҲǱ߸ġ޹
̫Ӿ֮£ᶼˣʣʡ
ʵһŽߵſڡ
̫ӱײǽڣʹӱϮ
Ĳ֪֤ȷ䡣δйʱôǿҡ
һ̣ͷǣֻҪţ˵񣬾˼̤ؤҲԸ⡣
ʱһŭŮ˽ŵķΧ
Ҫʣҽȥ
˻ͷһȴһɫ԰׵̫
̫СãӦСӣôˣ
ŷңԻʵþӪˣϸ񿴹ܸţ鳹׽겻κ˽Ҳκ˳ȥŵҲôġ
û뵽̫ȻذвǣǲȥԾ
û취ֻܸ̫
£̫
ʵۻӻ֣æˡ
̫㲻ú̫ӸΪ£ʵۺɵ
̫壬ڴϣʣ󸸻س̫ӣ
̫ԭΪ̫ģ仰ף̫˵ʲô
̫Цһȴλһ֣ΪС֮ʱȥң⣬ĸȥҲûмҡ
¶ɻ󣬵̫˵ȥ
̫תͷֱ̫ӣΪ̫ӽңҼκˣ
̫̫˵ʲôõĻ޲ס죺ǰ˵˵ʲô
ʵƳ̫һۣ̫̱졣
̫˵
̫Թޣ̫Ұ˵ȥ
ʵ۾Уʲôܣ
̫鷿Ļһֲĸ֪˻ʵֵۣ̫Ҳ֪ƹ췴ǴȰ˵̫򸸻ϴΪ񣬻һ̫ӸȥǶĴ¡빬ʣøֹٰ㲻ʣҪ鼱֮£ִŮǿдȥȴǲСġСˤˣ̥С
̫Ӳĺӣ಻Ķӣֻǵܻ᲻й¶ȥˡʣ̫Ϊӣ಻Ϊ˸ˣǿŮô֮飬Ҹӳ͢븸ϳ̫ӣֻ󸸻ܷŹżңҲҲԹԡ
ԭ̫СǲСģǺ̫йذֲָ̫̫ӣȻ̫˽ģðű̫۵ķҲҪ¶̫ӵУҲǶô֮ˡ
̫ҲڴϣôܿԼŮ̫۴ء̹££̫̫ӵĻ״̫ͣΪ֪ģһ̫һ´һ
Ϊǣϼңʵ۰˼ҺúõŮ͸ֵ̫пӣ˵̫䵽ڵĵزͻʵѲ˸ϵʵѵЩΣģ̫ׯ磬֪޲ǣ
̫мģл¡
̫ҲͷлʶƵֵʵʲţ̫ߵСӣź̫ʮ̫꣬Ρ
ʵ۵ͷԸȥСӡ
һʱҵСӡ
췢̫£ʵڴˣҲЩͣô£
˽Сӵİڵϣر£ְҵʱ깷ܣ
Сŵſڵϣȫ˵ʵ
ū澡ūȫ˵ūȫ˵
СûаԥͳӣȻͱ̫ӣڲǰĻ֮˵ķԸһϷ˿ˡ
ϲ䣬̫ӵȫ˵ˣıͳ죬˽ؾеκںδġ޾ϸ˵ĺ
ĽһƵ̫ϣյ̫ӱƹһ£ֲֻᡣߣҲ̫췴
ʵ𺣬̫һ᣺пݺ㣬̫ĸݺڿ߲޴ӵˣ
㱳ң̫ӳСŭ.
Сڽ̫ӵ£ūźô꣬ôұѾ˵زǡû˵ѵıҪˡ
̫֪ȥҧˡʵǰధ󣺡󸸻һֻҪһţʲôС
ʵӶܲеϢ
ʡ
ʵ᣺ԭ޿ԿķһϧԼΪ˸ôҪ޿ڸһķһأο˼ҵŮϵġ
̫ɫֻʣһ̲ˮڵϡ
ˣȫˡǰһڣһ˹ȥ
ʵ۲ٿߵǰȫɫĵһī
̫ı֮Ѿã֮飬δ󾰽ɽּ֣֮⣬̫֮λؽ£ƴ׷̫ıһµ𣬾ģ
˾һ˺ܾãһ£ͬӢ
̫飬һ֧̫ӵ˱Ͳࡣ֧̫ӵģҲǿͳķϣƹ췴֮£˵ѵΣΪ˴󾰽ɽҲü֧̫ӡ
ϼңʵûҲûѡϼҼȻѾʾʵԸϼһġ˵ףϼҺ̫ıһûʲôϵġ
ţ̫ӵͱϴˣһʱ䳯ϷণĻ̡̻
Ȼĵǣ̫ӱϣôһ̫˭Ǿ
ǰȻѡĶ࣬ڿʤ󣬼ǰ϶ġ
Щûͽʮֺڣ޲ġھǣ˼ͣǾͽ˸ͷϡЩͨʾãǶˡ
ƽһˮǸȴǵ⼫ˡǣ֪ʺѾɱˣȴ£Ҳ֪᲻ŻѪ
ŲڵΡ
̫ݱܣꡳʮաڹɥڼ䣬ˡūֱԣǵ͵һЩãñЩץס
طʩ죬ͷȫж£ȻûǰĽޣǶţټϱˣмԵķϡ
һӵ̫֮λЦȻ׵ģ̫ӱҲñ³谮̫֮λϸҬuġֻǾƻǻһѰuĴҾҲֻѹĵס
Ůٵ˵ǡ
ûһȵķˣĶӣأ
ŮٵС칬סգͱʺͻˡ
Ц楣ʺΪ˶߱ŮʺҪ֣ˣ湻ģεôû˳ûɱ˻ʺأ
ŮٵȰСĸǽж
ʺԭȾͲܳ裬ֱȻʲôûƵģҿȻװġ
Ůٵʺвġ
Цвռŵĸֻ֣ҪڻʺλϣȻ̫󡣼㱾Ҳ̫λϣ񷨹أҪ󣬴ҪģҵĶӻҪһĸҪТ㱾ǬuĸǰԽʺȥ
ֵ˭أԸ檵ѽ
룬õİ취ûʺûʵ۷˻ʺô˺ˡ
Ҳֻ룬Ҫʺô򵥵ģ
ԽԽ楣Ǭuֺ֪ñǺͻʺ󽻺ãҿǳ뱾ԣߣȬu̫֮λ檸˳ʱҿλܵ⣡
뵽òĶŵһڹŮĵŮ΢Ц˵ǣǸλãͲôˡ
߶楣һڷͥͻλ
ҶһͭɵС˷ŵ㰸棬楿һۣĲ
Ǹأ
Ҷū澸һӣ˵ĺϲ£죬Ѿ뿪ˡ
楹㰸ǰǾͺá
ǸһҪ˵ĹǻҺͭһһصСˣŵĻɢҶڿ˵֡
ǱӴӲͷƤⵥ⣬ҶĽͼв£Զ˾ǡ
ԭվߣҲѧ楹£λ˼ݡ
һʲô
ȻȻǼߣĸҹĸҸüһ¡
ɫǺ죬Ȼܻ˵ⷬ
Ҷ˼ˣҲЦˡ
ȹվޱ
ʮվ˷ӵ壺𣿡
һطδʩۣ֬ȴǼӨֻǴɫЩ԰ף㡭
һɫûôʲôԡ
Σͥ㣬ȥˡ
ֱԶ楻ǲ񲻽ĸ棬ʵġ
楾ãԽƤˣû취
楣ˣίûԼˡ
վһ£Ҿǰˡ
Ҳ£Ũ֦ܵѾƺڵסˣӰӺ濴ӵơ
üһЦȪˮöŶǰʲôʲô
һǰҾǸ˾ӣ¹磬ڿǺ޳֮ˡ
ЦԽͳָ̧˸ͷһֱ˾ӣôȢأ
üЦЩƣôţ
ɫһң˭Ȣ㣿
˵ţȥ楻ûӦ;һȣȵĺ
ЩţϽƿȴͻȻס
񡪡˫ӣһ˵ˡ
ĲƾܵʱͻȻſתߴں档
楲ĲãһƳһӵ½ۡ
ǣ極֣ЦЦ½Ҳݷ𣿡
½۾һǱʲôץסˣһһʹ
Ŀϣ楣лҪ˵
ˣҲܽе
Ŵ極ָˡ
֪վ½۵Ĵڣ̾һ½ӣûʲô˵ġ
½ԳһЦ㲻ôң˵㿴ϵĶҲҲ㱨ѵͲ˵仰𣿡
極Ц½Ҫ˵̫£Ǵɲأ̫𺣣ô£֪ͺãұɱĸ֮ûҪġ
½۱˱۾ʱʹɬ˺𣿡
һ㣬֪ˡ
½ۿ񣺡Ҳ֪𣿡
֪˵ǰ֮£ü޹ء
˵Ľ̸һ˵һЩĻɫ½ӣ˵ټ㣬ߣ½ӵȥûãӦñӲǣ벻Ҫٴˡ
˵ţ½۴
ûзָһ񣬺񲢼С
楡½סĶ𣿡
ͣ½ŲͷһֻȴǱš
½ۣȻֺαٶʣ
̫
楴Ϲ𣺡ȻԸռĹǻңͭһһСҹҸĸλǰ˵⣿
̫󵽵ĸ˵½ûһ˿һĲǲܵģֻ½˵ʮ֮꣬£뿴ɱ̫ҲΪ½۱ˡ
Цһĺܺá
˶٣極Ǹ⣬Ϊ𣿡
½ûзϣ˵Ǿ˻ѾУͼɱ㣿
Ц
ǡ֪һֱɱ㣬ûΪ⣬ҲôġˣܻΣԺҲӷ㡣˵˴εЦЦ֪ἰʱϵȥģȻҲžɱ㡣
楲˵Ҫ뿪
楡½ֵ
ĲѾԱˣû楸½ûꣿ
½ȴԹԵ楣ʲôˣ֪ġ
極лѡ
½۲˵ʲôˣһֱ極ıӰʧվԭأò뿪
һֱҪϿʲô
Ĭãȿڵ½⵽¼һġ
죬µĻ
ֻЦһԣǶĲ
ηⷭһ鿴
˿⣬ơ
֪Ҳֲʵ׷½۵˾֪½Ҳʵһֱ½۵Ļƭˡ
ѾͶΣԸٽˣԼա
˳Ĭһ·˳ſڣվȰ
ڻһſˡ
΢΢һЦ·Сġ
㰡ҡͷЦЦû취
˵꣬Ԫǰǣһƥ
ƿӣ㿴ޣȥ
*
̫ӱƹ췴һھ˲Сķˣܶ˶˽һ̫˭ЩԱѾд౾ʵ۾̫ˡ
ɥδȥԴֻҸãһˡ
̫ݱʵɥ̫ǰ죬ؾˡ
ΪŸıƻҲЩԱȥu
һ·糾ͣûлȥݼʵˣʵ׼ЪϢһٽ顣
極ľӵʱջطu˵ˣuĻϲ楿Ҹ˸ȥء
楺ȥuߣ˵ʲô
uȥأ˺Щһϲģ׼˸ȥˡ




180 ԪϦͬ
 

˳uߣȤŶ֪ʲôö
極ָ֣һӽ
楶һСϻﲻСɾµУһϻӷɫ飬ʲôĶֻСˡȴЩиʽĵĺСɼˣĻĳ谮ġ
һ֧ѩɫϣЦŵÿ
Ц죬һ֧ɴѳɵĻҲҪ楴ϡ楽ӹȥЦĸؼٴҵͷŪҵġ
楺ദôãҲЦһֱ߶ɼǺϲģҲ㡣
極ЦĸֳԴȻȶԴ׽
ЦƵĵԺҪʱźá˶̫ӱƹ췴գ㻤
Ц΢ɫҲ䵭ЩǰµĹ͡
ܵĮһɬռĵܣһԸлġ
極½˹ˣ
ǽ˰ݼʣȻҪݼʺĸˡ
̧״ұõǰԼ䣬Ҫء
ЩãȻһ̾ˡ˵Ҫһ¡
⻰˵ʵھ쵽̫ˡ
һ˲Ȼûʲôùģ
һЦΪҽ۰Ůҵˡ
ΥĵЦˣĸǵխ֮ˣΪСߣĸס˰£ȷˣ㲻ĸҲҪͻġ
ԭˡ䣬հѩȾֳףС֮ĶȾ֮ˡлݴȣֱԲ䡣
Ƥһ
ֱԲ䣿
ֽĲᡣ
ҲǣuüƽЩʲôuԸײ楿ɲǻˣֵܴ˺òŹ֡
ͷۣҪõ楻Ҫ⡣
ĸu楣ȹ´
˳uȥϻװʵԲɫӨ͸ӣۼһʵ貶Ŀ
Ҳ죺㣬Ǳ飿
鼫ѲɣҲרڻҺͻ׹壬ȻҲݡ
uЦǵ´ӱشġ
楣͵Ȼ֮ףȥ˱أԵɺ֮£һЩ
˵ɣ֪Ҫõô౱飬ȴҪѲ˼Ȼ˵ֻҪǮͺá
u۰楣Ȼ˽Сĺÿ͸ʲˡ
ʶھܾuȴЦŴϣܾһЩ߾ͺá
һƷ裬û˵
ԴӿԼ˼楶һ˵οƺ̫û˺ӣɱ˻ʺ楶ˡֻǰںϵ˺档
ˣ֪͸£ͨu֡Ըܾuĺ⣬һ뵽ģ;Ӧ
ϻӸϣûа̰㣬ĶѾˣЩҲҪգ
uЦŶܴôصĶ
ݸԸױ
ҪȶꣿuΪ˵Ц
Цҡͷִţ֮ôı飬޸¡ǽ̫ˣТʺ
楾ǲգԾĿ󣺡ս֮ʱѾ͸ʺĸˣҪƴǣ¾ǣֻΪ˸лҲڵʱչˊu
ܵдʣװ
л£չ˴Ӧģܵһл֣
uԽˣõѾͷôͻȻˣѲǹҪˣ
˵ʲôЦЦ
uֵҿ׽㣬ҵĻѵٸƴǣҾˡ
uʲôֻ΢ЦȻһƬ⣬Ҿȴ֮ˡ
⻹ࡣu۲һᣬЦԽŨ
uţлҳһᣬ뿪ˡ
·һΪش롯ĵطһϮµվǰ
楽촩һϮʵ޻İɫȹðɫ˿ľջƣͷ纳һ򵥵٣ֻбһ֧ӣƵͷڼϣؾ£ȴֲɡ
ֱźuмƵףĿþòԸƿ
uΪ極׽㣬ȻҲǸѵһˣֻ̫ׯˡõǽޣһģʱʱ¶һֺģö֮Ҳᷳˡ
Ψ楣ŮڲͬģҲġ極ȷĺ׵ʱ򣬺ĵıֳԼᡣȻɫģȴţһһЦһʱԡӲԼίҲݾֱֺӱĲ
Ůȣôʻô᲻ϲأ
ƺеĿ⣬楾Щʣü
ͣ½Ųϥ񣺡¡
ٴؾһطһλˡ
һˣֲİˣ񣿡
極񲻿ɷϡ
ã楶ԽˡǴʲôʱʼģ
ѹеɻЦϲЩ𣿡
Ȼϲġ楴󷽷ĳϣֵֻ̫ݻ̫ߵˣϲҲɲϲˡ
ͷһ㻹ˡ
楳ˮ̷˽һƬ⡣
㡪һЦ㻹̹ʡ
ʧ䣬Ҳûϲ
極ڴ˴ĵңֻЩ΢ĩС°գ
վǲˡһ̾Щ£Ӧһ
ɫ̹ȻŭϲҪʲôϴ
ԽԽǾ飬ŭԼˣʼұ飬նݳʲôԣ
˶̫ӱʴĹͣ߳ıߣҲߵ졣
ϷһĨ䳰ͺ͵໥ȡ裬԰¶Ը̫Ҹģίʵ㲻ʲô͡
ˣһл㡣
楳˳ǣ£лң;Ϊҽա
¶Σ̫ӱƹ췴һ£ʱı⡣
ʱЦЦԶڱأ֪ʱı⣿
ƽһ˿
ЦݣøļƻΪȴڹҿΪ²һڷ𣿡
Ȼǡƺͣסˡ
ŶǵΪΣ極
һֻ
΢΢ҵǲ֪ڵʲôʱһ֮ˡ£Ȼֺ֪˵أ²ΪҺ̫ãȸ֪ңһֹ𣿡
ֱԲ䣬Щѿ֪һˣڲϲˣмڸӡ
ٷϾû˼ˣ˵ĲҾΪֹңûиѸıƻ
ΪʲôɫԽ䣬˵̫ĴҵӰ죬̫̫ӲһѾܿˣ㻹Ҫʧȥӣʧȥָ
ü㲻ˡ
ޱ飺»ǵ˵Ļ𣿡
һʱԡ
楷ЦһͽЩ֮Ժˡ
һᣬƺˣ̾û
ֱ£Ǵζ˵һΪԼŪȨĺҪʼձһߣŹ˶ã¾𣿻˵Ϊ˵Ц
־ȣܿͻָ糣
ڻʼңܶ¶ɼ
ʲôЦɼѵ˭ŵɱ𣿡

˫޵ӵˮƺӳճαһ档
ˣ
ѹͷնҪ㲻᲻ס
極仰ڵˣЩ޹֮ˡ
Цһʲô޹ʲôǲ޹ĸʵ۲ǲ˵ʬǵϻλأΪβԣ
ֻ̫һ޸֮ŮӣӰϻλ𣿡
ͳȥ֮˿ͱ񡣡
˺һ̫ĺӳΪڶ㺦ĸףǺ㣬㱨𣿡
ʶ̬ȣǿģ겻һʧһˡ岻ãǸǲʱãʵʱ޿̲ڷɱãʵΪѡҲ͸һѵľ棬û̫ʧȥӣ̫ҲԹ̫ӣָ֤̫ӣʵ
ĻҴӦ㣬һ̫úûŵġ
һᣬͻȻЦô˵̫Ҫл󷢴ȱˣ
ɫüһĨӣȨƣЩǲɱġ
Цݳɱ˻ʺҲǲɱˣ
ͰաͰ칬Ѿͳɱ˻ʺˣһ󻼣
׻ҪΪҪֿuĸŮ
ϾĸĹһҪ롣
ƺЩźʺǻţ̫Щ˾ͻһǣҵɣұ㡣ֻǣվûܳɹ
۲´ĻǳԶ
¶Ц⣺ʲôҪóԶĴ㣬ҵġ
ԽŭЦԽ㣺¿֪ε;˶𣿲Щˣֻǹپ죬ʮˣЩ˵ġЩ˶ԩ޳𣬻һͣˣϧ
ûһ˿һϧֻʧأʲŻ¶ɱ̫ӡ
еˮסȻµˡ
Ĳãģܲ˺u˺ҵġ
ǣΪ
ǰĿǸαӡ
΢΢һЦ⻰Ȼŵġ
Цͺá̫ӱźܿͻд¾̫ˡ
極Ҿǰϲˡ
ϲãȴǻһ
Ѿųڼ̳˵֮⣬Ϊ塣楴𵭵Ļȣ˵ǰնݳ
ûзϣȻ˽ҡ
ɫȻ֪¶¶ˣ󻼣Ҿã»ǲҪΪá
ΪΣ⡣
һ紵·ߵľջɢڿƮһᣬܿ䵽ʯС·ϡ
ֽ̧סһְֻ꣬ţ£ڿõĹؼʱ̣ҪʲôҪ˼ǰ
ɨ˫˳֣Ժ⣿
極£һɣȻ̫ıһͷϣͿ෴һֱѡ̫ӱֿʼʼѡվӣȻ˶ͶǣΪ²֪һֱȨƲûǷƶ֣֮ڱУ㻹̫ӣǾ϶һģΪǰΣֶεĲͬ
룬ǵΪǾˣǱ¾þ̽ĸ˽ͨܣôɹĴֻܾһ̫ӾͻǾˡñϴһý۲;ʱ˭ڱС¾ͻ˭ԣҪľǰһТ˳ĻӣȲҪֶԸˣһѳɶٳҲ١
ͷֻǾ̫һұΪ̫𣿡
極ǲµע⣬Ͳ
ЦˣҾͷˡ
һ뵽ϾͻΪ̫ӡĻʵۣ˷ֽš
£ȵд̫ӵʱ򣬵¾Щ֧߱տڲ԰աҪΪ̫ӣͬģҲҪΪ̫ӡʲôˣЩСϷһ۾ܿ
ס
極˵Ҷ˵ˣûб£Ҿ͸ˡ
˵ţʩһ񣬾뿪
ס
楻ͷ»£
̣ʵ̫Ǽ£İգ
楿û˵
ǰǸϻۻ֮ˣŴΰ㣬ɲҪң㲻֪˼
楿˼̽أ
أҲ𣿡ɵȻǣǰÊu˵ء
楼֪˼ȻϣһڿǣҿˣȻߴĸ±ܡ
ɫ΢䣬ǳˣ
ȻͲµϲ񣬵ǵ׶楳ϣǾ÷ŭ
ЦԽ㣺ģûͬ⣬Ȼ֪u
ü΢ˣҾͶлˣʱˣҸøˡ
極Ӱںһ𣬽סȭͷ
ʱ䵯ָתµĹТȥ뿪ڹТڼ䣬ԽҲûǰ֡ڵԪѽڣТѹȥԪǺһ
ٹ£楾ͼһˣ̫˸Ϊ極ż⼸࣬ýϴȥμӣͼΪ楶ѡ˿
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Ҷ߽ЦٹվԪˣҪҪȥߣ
Һһ˵͵İգ
ҶЦΣһԪϦ͹һͬءˣȥôʱˣûøʲô𣿡
Ȼ£ҶһۣǺܲҵ¡
ҶΪͳżԪǺûᣬ͵ʲô¶Դ䱦һġ
楿žԼƺڿǡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһ̫ڸ࿴˼ңʳѰء
Ҳó楲Ƕ⣬飺ȻһҸ°աǹﲻ붯ߣūܿͻõġ
ңu룬Ȼˡ
ǰΪ½̫࣬ѾûǸٶˡ
ǹʲôҵ
楲֪뵽ʲôȻһЦǾͲعˡ
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Ҷū֪д󳼶¾̫ӣǱԾûͲ𣿡
楷˷ϵӣʲôõĵģ»иõѡ𣿲ʱѡ
պ󣬾͵Ԫѽڣ˰ʱ楴һͺһˣлš
OȻδТĽҲڸϣ̫ȥɢɢʱ̫ûԥʹӦˡ
һطǶĺǹ
楴һϼɫƶѣѩɫɢȹϵһ°ɫ멣һȦѩ׵ĺëͷϲһ֧ıҡͬɫɢӨ͸Ĺ⣬·Ĳҡҡҷҷ
һ˫޵ӹԣĻ
ҵһţעţʱһ۾Ϳֱ߹ȥһż
ǰʤѩ£񣬿ȴֱӣϵɣһ̾ͻʧ
ˣߵε͵ǻעĿģȻﶼӺ;̾
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΢ЦǰҲ棿
ЦֵӣȻҪģҲһ𣿡
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OվԱߣ۵ǸĿ޵Ĵӹֲ楡
ʶ˲ͬѰ׽ǵ㲻
֯ƻ貣һɷʢ
ǰĵƻЦˣһߣǶǹңǲȫ
һģһᱣǵġ
ǲŷ䡣ԭСүҲڣˣҸһˣֻСүһӣڡ
ˣǴҪǰʾĴڣδܾȻô˵Ǿ͹ˡ
Ŀ⺬Թһۣʹ˸ɫ
׻⣬ЩһЩӣȥȥԾƣֻҪҪ̫ʱͺá
Цźãǳ棬ôҲû˼úܡʲôΣգԪҲỤǵġ
楲źۼĵһۣǳǳһЦǾͶлˡ
ȥߣȴһ楲С
䡣
ȻȣǲģΪԣǲ⣬żƵġԽˣ͸ߴա
˼ûôֻ࣬ˡ
OŻżȻˣֻ楣ûע⵽
楺ͥһ㣬ܿ䵽˺棬ֻ䡻ԶĸţOȻͣҲ̫ԣҧҧǸ濡
Ҫ˵ʲôʶ䡻ǣЦ
䡵һۣһ첽ǰԶЩ
㶼ˡˬ
極˺ܿͻῴġ
ƻɺУЦԽȻʲô
楺һۣĵԽôߣɴ಻
楡ſӣס֣Ž̫ڲˡ
極ⲻǺ𣬷ҲӦˡ
һǵġĿһûжҾͲġ
ô
˵ŻͻȻһ˹Сײ楣ע⵽極òʱɶ࿴˼ۡæõɨһۡ
˱Ŀ⿴ͷһǸȻ첽ܿˡ
㣬Ԫһֻ˹о뿪ˡ
ϲ𣿡ĿᣬֻƸ
һֻƣŲֽɵˣлװΣ񻣬òС
ϸһϵƺ߷ơȻѵģ
ЦǲģǼ˻ǻġģֻС񡣡
極üǳЦлл
أЦ
سһ£óһ
üҪӹȥջ幤ãԲҪ
ЦָеĶȡ
ԭһֻɫĺɰźҶ幤ȷãȴǺܸˡ
һüۺŶ˵ЦҺϲ
ԾɾƽҲϲңԾ͸ĳ˺ɰҲϲҡ
񰮲֣ĦţͻȻһԲεСƵĶʲô
ֹ򿪺ɰ֣ȾЩΣҲ֪Ϊӳյԭ򣬻Ǻˣȥٿ
˵࣬˲ȻЦԽãġ
룬Ѿ極ˡȻû˵ɰͺɰĶѾ˵һˡȻ׿˵
˼ˣյøˡ
ǣ֣Ĵϣܵķ羰ʱʱһЦ
ںԪ缤ָпӼǹ˼ô꣬ڿྡˣǲ֪ʲôʱܳɻ顣
֪˶ãܻ㣬ȥκգÿζ˵κÿζûʵ֣һҪȥ
æ֣ЦѾ䡶ǰûˣһȥ
濻ȸԾܵ
һ˵˺ϣ໭Ư棬ҶõʮֻЦﴫ˿֮ƮڷУƯĸ輧輧Ź硣
楺䡶ϲЩȻûнٳֻһȣж˼£ڲͬ
Ů˻Ȼ濡
楺ȵ㣬ҷȥ
ջ֣һ˻ȻȻuߡ
濿ЩŴˣҲԾԾԡȫ楲ͬ⣬ֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ܴ󣬲þŸɫĻƣҫĿĿһҲû뿪
楱Щ˼ߵ棬Żζľɫ
¹⽻ӳӳں棬̾
Цŵǰĺ
ʱͻȻиװ˻һС˵ĿҲǲͬ˭һˣ
ǿ˵ʲôҡ
ֵҼӿһøҼӣǳСȥҸһӡ
üȥӣһǲá
˲ˣһֻǮͣغš
䡲õңһЩ
˼ˣŭˣ֪ʲôСȥ
䡵㣬˵ʲô
楾úЦ˵ǲʶ̧١
װ磬ԭˡ
˵ţͻȻһ˳СһԾǵĻ
˵ĿǺʹ˲޺ܴĲ˵ĻҲúס
Ҷ˵˿ǵĻӣȴʶ̧٣ҪԹ𣿡
˵ǸŮӣһŮҪЩһɫխ·ȹӲ¶һ˫ţƤѥӣһӣͣصšһϸϸ·嶣ˡͷϱıӣúסеһеɢڼϡ
һ˫۾ʮֽЦʱţü£СƣⴽޣǸӣֻƤЩֲڣԭŮӰ𪽿ۡ
ŮӹȻԭˡ
ֻǵش
ŮӲã˵𣿡
極ȷˣǵĻΪҪø㣿
ŮȻΪûлˣô໭УҾÿҾҪ
һǰվõģˡҲתø㡣




181 
 

Ůüͷ߸𣺡Ҿǿһ
極һ£ԸԸתøҵ¡ҲԸ⽫һø㣬Իȥա
ŮӼ˲ӣŭ㲻ҪƲԳԷơ
΢΢һЦڴھǣҵ֣Ҫأ
ܿ죬м׳ƤڵĴ󺺳Ŵ̫ĿҼӿĻĸó
ЦƳŮһۣŶ֪ҹļҹأ
Ů죬Ҫ˵ʲôһŮװ˺һ֮ҼӵݲǵģӿЩߡ
䡼˶񣬶׵Ǹߡ
׵ͷߵŮǰλա
㡪Ů߳ŭԭ˵Ĵ֮𣿡
᣺ԶĿˣȻԸ˹鷳Ҳáδѿλﻹǻȥա
ŮӼ楴ŴоֹǲףﲻƣҲЩɣ˭
極´ټ棬֪ˡ
ŮԲСҲǱµĳҪʲôܵõʲôδܹίҪ˸ߡ
û極ĻվԭأŭĿӡ
źͬαţǲãΪӣֲܺһŮͻ¼ŮӻŲߣԪʹ˸ɫ
ԪᣬλٲߣͲҪҲˡ
Ůӵűӵ˭
Ԫ粻
޿̣üѵλҪҽ㶪º𣿡
㡭ңŮӼŭֽҶǻڵģ
ЦһҲ˭ȵ˴󾰵ĵ̣͸ش󾰵ĹءŮӵķϣҸӣԼȥأҰ㶪ȥ
㡪۾¿ţ俴ʱ۷Ź⣬˭
ÿӡ
ϼΪŮӡ͵Ԫ硣
Ԫæǣӡ
ԥŮӿֱӶ˲ԶСϣûнѾʴˡ
ǱߵС˻ΣŮӵһײڴϣȥߵŮæס
ӣСġ
Ůӳȥܿ
Ǽǳ׺̸Ц
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òϣ楱òͷǸվһΪ䣬ôۡ
ϲ񣬶Ϊϵ˱ˡ
ԽԽģû˸ô
˼ˣҪһѵǸײҵŮӣ
ǣ߼˶û
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и˳ɵôвǣȻµܿھҲͷ˵ˣ嶯Ⱥ飬ô»¡
ŮЦ˼ǣҪ
ֻѹ
ŮǨŭƵĸһӣʲôֵң
Ҳ㣬һӣѾϰһ㡣
ŮȻ˵ûȥ楼˵鷳ûʲôñ˿Ц𣿡
Ȼһ̧ͷ˺
ҪҪȥұĻ
Ůӷ߷ߵˣ
վڻϣСߣ㣬ǸŮŵӣȻԭˣȻҲһ㣬ǻ᲻ˣ
楻벻ЦЦҵ˻𣿡
룺Ҳǣԡ㣬ǰòд˵Ҫ󾰳ѵǸ˾Ǳ֮ˣðգ
û˵䡲мʲôǵǣ鷳ãǶ󾰵ء֪ҲֻǿͷǼ䣬ʵﲻ֪ôءǾ𣬲ܷŵθЩһǸպˡ
濣ԭ𣿡
οĵ䡶˵Ĳ
濷ˣЦͺá
ԣֻЦע楡
һֱĬԵOͻȻڵöˣǱʲôкξ壿ģҪǴ󾰣ΪǱľãŻǴأѿЦ
ֻ濣Щ㵣OһֱӰһǲѰңͷֲû뵽ͻȻ˵ⷬ˶࿴
죬ðûӦһЦ˵ǣû뵽뷨أңֻĻ᲻ǡ
ݺЦһԡ
Oɫ΢죬楿һֿۣӹ񣬵Ҳ˵˵ѡ
ЦҲܺˡ
OüĿ˵ˡ
Ź˵ǷΪע⵽ȷһֻۣȻû˿ֽܿĿƵȥˡɫᣬ楣Ҳݲˡ
ȻĽ񣬵ǰڳұֵĺԡΪֻ֪̫̫Ҫֳһ˿ͬѰͻᱻ楷֡
ܿ죬ָֻƽʱʱЦ
֪˶ã˰ȴûҪȥЪϢ˼Ծǵƻ貣ַǷ
ظȥ𴦹һա
楿еϣܾ̾΢Цá
ˣ˿ʱüһҲݸһЦ
˳ӵĦ࣬һֱڵػС̬楼ʯĳҲòݡ
죬ɢĹԣɫˣǽ硣
֪̫˻ڵȥҪ˵ͻȻȺбһ̾
Ҳ˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥֲԶգըһƬһƬ̻ɫ֯һ𣬷ƽ貶Ŀ
ΪܿͻǵãɫĻţ˶Ŀⳡþò뿪ֻһֱרע
ϲ𣿡һͳ楶ߡ
ûͷ֪˭極ͷϲ
񿿽һ˫ƺʢǳ֪ľʹ˳С
ϲҺܸˡ
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ǰţһǵģһ̫˵Ļǲ׼ѱΪТľʹӦˡ
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楸Ҫ˵ʣֵһǴһɱô죿
ᵽǴδɱɫһ䣬Ͻл¡
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OҲһ񣺡л¡
񵭵ͷҲԱߡ
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楱Ҳǰлˣɫˣذա
ҹ羲شţѩ׵ĺëΧϸĲӣӭƮţһ˫Өʹ˼ֿɰ
ͷʱˣȥЩЪϢ
˵ţһתͷȥɫĴڷƮ
ȥȰü̫ˣȻ̫˻û˯ǳ˵㶫ͷǻȥˡ
Цλﶼˣ̫˿԰ЪϢ˰գ
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ЦϷ֪ʲͺˣƽһ׮¡
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ԪϦչڶգһϢ
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۲΢ϷˣԸ⽫ȫҽ楶Ը𣿡
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uģٿ壬ԵüΪį
幫ҲĿЩˣǴ󾰹ƺǵ·ܸȤһֱûѰ楡
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楽촩һźɫϸ£ڷѩüĿ续ڰǰϴμš
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幫ס֣󾰺𣿡
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ȢƹҲ£һϵͲܳĻӻӵܾС
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겻ѣ֮𣬾Ȼȥ檣̫ϧˡ
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濵̫Ե˰գ
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ȻҲвµʵ۵ңܾͻ飬ʵҲΪͳ˼ҡ
ȻмǿɲǰԵȻ˶ǻʵ۵ūôʵ˵ʲôʲôֻҪʵ۸ˣ֮ŮԼҲǿԵġ
֣ӯģһĵŮڱƻʵۻûϻλʱ򣬾˻ʵ۵ֿãɱõɷ
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촽⶯£Ѿ˵ˡ
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ʵۿһۣһЦӣ
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ʵЦЦֻǸŮͨ˼ҵŮȻֱӴͻ飬ҵŮôֻ楣ڳôѡҲܲ˼ҵԸͻ顣




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ʵЦʧˣȢҪиĸ֮ȶԶͶԶѾȥ꣬ĻϷȻҲӵóԸҲ񷨹ءӸȥݷϷˣǷͬ⡣
һãȻӣȻСԴ󾰵ϰ׹زϤʵ۱ý֪ǷԸ⣿
ʵ۲ŲԸֵ˵أЦȻӺýջҪϷ˵˼
ʧ䣺Сͻˣˡ
幫üۣƳһۣ磬㵱ô˵Ȣֻͻ˻ʵ۱£ͻء
ΪֻǸͨ˼ҵŮû뵽ȻǸҲҪҵˣһʱ極Թֶ˼֡ؼǣҪ鷳ɾͲˡ
Цһ٣ȻԽ飬һߵǰ
Ȣһ£̫óȻˣ뿤Ҫ֣Ҿһԭ¡һǫӡ
Ŀ£վͬһƣҲû̫ˡ
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˼ˣһЦͺá
˵仰أֳֻܲʵĿۣصԼλϡ
һϮ£ݳ롣ֻԼ֪뽫ӴһϳȥҲԼʲôӣȻδޡ
ǵģѾδԾˣԸӶ࿴һۡ
ӵһֱϣͬģ幫Ҳһֱעû뵽ϵӾȻǴ׵ģ޸
ϣܿһۣȴ͸һ㣬ͷβûиһ幫ö룬;極ԭһ楲źϾÿɲȴ󾰹ڱƿǱܶŵģûɲϲ
вã˳ӵӡ
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幫գһ˫ˮӣ£ΪǴͻ𣿡
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ǣȴעⲻĵطһƵ
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ߣΪ¹̫ӵӣ˵ʵ幫䲻ġ
Ȩһ󣬻ʵЦ幫˳ȻԸȫһμѻֻ
幫ΪʵǹģʵΪΣ
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ڳ֮һˣСӾȻţ
ȫĿࣺں˵˶֪СΪ̫һıնˣ鹫
輧鹫ܻţȻǱ˾ˡ
ȣ
輧תͷuǳޣǰ£ڵ̫ӣu
һȻ
ȫһ㶣ŭ
輧°ͣuҳ鹫֮ӳȥ˾ȵһӳ̲Σӳǣ
ʱuϵ˿ѾˣҾһСʲô
ȻΪŵ輧ӦֻҪ̫ӳɹ췴Ϊ̫췴֤;ȥȻӶӣԶ뾩ǡô޹֮˱ɱĲ״ķ֣Ļ˾ǣǡңࡣΪ㱨Ϊ̫ӱ𡣵֪³uǽʵ˵ҲšֻǸʹͻᱻu˷ɱΪ˱鹫ҳ⡣
uŭ棺ȭŹģ
輧ұ۸˸ȭʦ̵ҡ
u㻹ݡʣǧҪһ֮ʣݺ̫ӣ󸸻졣
輧Ц˵ĵǲģ鹫ʲͺˣu㲻ˣҰգ
u˿ڵû£ʲôġ
ˣ鹫ա
ʵ۵Ǹūںδ
輧ھһҿջʱ
˼Ƭ̣ʵ۷Ը˵ȥǸ澴
ܿ죬輧ȥˣָֻ˳ţȴĻ̡̻
Ӻ幫ȴǿ˷ܣû뵽󾰻֮ôȤ̫ӿ޹־ò޹ȻҲʲô򵥵Ľɫ
ǲϣùģϾ;ں
۾ڴתһȦǻãȴǾ״ŵĿ˳һȴ⣬Ǿ楡
Ӷֶ˼Ȥû뵽ӻͦ󣬺ܺĿζˣõˡ
˶ãھͳ˶ãʱ˴輧ʱѾ쵽ʱˡ
輧ţ󻹸һɫ·ӣͷηηǰ
ر£Ѿˡ
ʵ۾
ȫ̧鹫°ͣ¶ǰʵҲɫһ䡣
˾Ȼ̫ĸСӡ
Ҫɱ˶Ҿȣʵ̫Ϊˣ
ʵбŷһ⣺ôĵӣ
Сսս͵عڵأ£ū澡ū澸
ǸƤӵˣЩֶΣ㻹б£ʵŭȵ
輧Ц񣺡±˰գСӾǱuߵģ
˵Ŀⶼۼuϣʵ۱ŭ˵˭ģ
Сһǡǡ
˿ǻɫֻʣū澲˵
ȫɴʵ۵
ȫ⣬Ը̡
ܿ죬һһ׳ָĹӽˣ涼Ǵ̣һǵ̡
һӴȥҪһ⡣
һС̣ŹӾʹȥŴһ£СӾĿ޺ţū˵ūʲô˵
ȫӻ֣СŹ˵һߣ˵ʵ
Сſڵϣ΢΢̧ͷ¶һ϶
ǡǡuһۣſڵϣ̫ӣһжָ̫ʹģ




184 ټ
 

uΪһļƻ֮ڣϲ
װһŭԻģ˵ʲô̫췴ǴΪ˻ôܻΪһ֮˽˺޹ñնȴǱ˾ˣһȴ취ȥؾ輧棬ɱҵĶơɱɣǸ輧ֽǣֹʳ̫췴һ£ͼΪ̫ｫڹµͷϡһ̫ˣһڱı˵˭㣬˭ָʹǸ輧ݺ£
Сӻŵ̫ӵ£˵ʲôô£ôܲأӦū澻ҳȥٸһӣôݺ̫أ
uŭЦãĵ˵ݺ̫ӣΪҪң㲻Ҫ𣿡
ȻūķˡС۾ӿŻں޵ˮ̫ˣԴӦҪ󣬿ǵҿ̫ӸѪɺӣô޹֮ڷҲ֪ҵʲô£ūź̫ʮ꣬һֱܿңΪĸȴдҸǣ֮ǰұΪ̫ЩʲôҪɱ㡣ûɱ㣬ȴ˻ʹôҾֻڱǰĿˡܱ»᲻ţ˵Ķʵ޸ģ
uŭһӹڻʵǰʣ֪ʲôˣȻҪݺԲҪǶܲ˱ݺᡣģûкκ޹֮ˣ븸ĪҪСƭ븸Ŷ
ңʵʮƽ˷ܡ
ίһʲôܿСӾͻ֮¸Ŀڣ˵ĻָʹǾȻ˵ôĿģһǣҵЩ¾ȫ¶ڻʵǰ
ʵ۸ˡ䵭Ŀ輧Сӹuϡ˵ʵ˼Ҳˡ
֪Ҳ֪˶ȡ̫Ӷ̫֮ӵϷǷǱݺ̫ӱƹ췴ȴ档
񣬺̫һ췴СӾȻ˾ˣֻص˾ǣ輧ֳ£ֿڿָu
ѵǾıΪݣòɾ
ת޵ƤӵŪЩϷ޵ˣһһһΣǰ޵Ļʹʲôˣ
˵ţ͵վһƷǰļ
һڵأϢŭ
ֻӺ幫վԭأܸȤĿⳡϷ
Сܺ£ȴŵӵ£ū˵ʵ̫޹ģ̫Ӻ
˽˺һᣬʵ۲¡
취˵ʵ
ȫᣬԸ˵ȥ
㣬洫ҽڶСʩ̡
ҵĽ˶ͷƤ顣uȴϣ֮̿£˭᲻˵ʵܿ죬СӾͻϣǾڱָʹôġ
ֻҪƻɹܳͷˡ
ҽѻȸˣſˣͺͺ֦Ų
Сӱ´Ѫʹٶһˡ
u֪СѪܵģʵֻ˵ġĴ㣬Сӵ˲֡
͢ȶǽɵģʱʵѾ顣ʱ˺ۣʵϸû˵ǡ
СھǺߡ
ڳ˲֪ѪעȻʧ롣
ȫֲˣʵ˵˵ʵ
СӶ϶ҡҷž˵ʵûûʲô˵ˡ
ϣʱˣ㻹ѼӲ
СϢ٣ұѷ̫ӣΪŰͻȻһصʹһҪҪΪβ˵ʵǡǶä֮ڵ˫ĿuĶšʿʵǸαӡ
uûﲻԣϷûгֹ
Сֵͱˣһ߶ŷ̫ӣһݺ̫ӡ̫ǿһ¸У̫ӵȷβȫǳԸ´̫ӣݳǳϷ̫ǿŮҲҹ⽫Ժ֧ߣ÷̫ӵ¼ʱþȣԱʱ䣬ϹôҶΪ̫ȨơаŮ֮ˡ
ţ취ȳ£Χݴɱһ£ߵ̫ϣһ̫ӺͱµĹϵԲʹ·ϵ̫ӣķԸڷ̫Ӿмһҩۣʹ÷̫־壬㱡Ҫľ̫ȥδ빬̫ҩ£ǡñȥδ빬龰Ȼ
ԣԣЩuͷСô˵Щ࣬ЩͲļƻ֮ڣСΪλıƻ




185 uѪ һ
 

СӼţū澰Ըģŷ̫췴ղʿͽͳ¬Ҳͱ򣬵֪̫췴ļƻװ֪飬ֻ߲̫ӱϡң̫֮С⣬ū֮⽫̫ӵϷһº̫Ҫƹ췴һ͸¶̫
̫Ҫȥѯ̫ӣ̫ӷִȴǲСĻ̥С̫Ȼ̫ͣ޹ģ֮Ҫ̫ĺӣΪնݳ󻼡̫֪飬Թ̫ӣȻָ֤̫ӱƹ췴
ĿɿڴȲС⻰ǲʵԭ̫췴ԭȻǵϷݱʵ۵׽סˣ
ĸʵ۲ŭŹ֣ôһأѹ̫Ӽ췴ˡ
˹ҲΪ̫˼
ʱʵ۵ɫѾΪѿˡȻûĺ̫ӷʲôһֶĸо
˶֪ǹغʵ֮£ϽͷĬԡ
ᣬʵȻ˲ŭҺ֪³ʲô𣿡
Сſڵϣ͵ЦҼȻѡһкгûŻȥ£Ȼ̫Ӳȫ޹ҲϴӶʹıͷ̫ӵĸ֮飬Ѱݺ̫ӡںˣ̫ӣûܵ·Ըˡ
ʣuĻˣϥеʵǰʣҪŴһ֮ʣȫָʹܸԷ̫ӱζ֪˶˵ۺ켵ʣﰵ챾ǸּٰĹ磬ȴ£˵Ǳƺõģ˭ţǴɱΪѵ𣬽СӣһһҪöأ
ʣ֪ģջȨλ֮ˣɸΣΪ̫ӣм֪̫֮λô˵ԹޣԸּҲΪ֤ףԸȥ̫֮λԶмλֵܣ˫ȫȶܵΣ븸ʳȫ
һΪ˵ⰡߺһĨ޵ĳλ
ʵϱ治أҪȥ̫֮λ
ò׵̫֮λȻǲܷˡסʮּᶨֻ֤ףԸ⡣
СЦ¹߳Ϸô꾹Ȼ¶ֺҲڹ÷̫ӻΪǸ˭֪Ұģƶ˱²׼ȥ̫֮λԹϷڳôˣΪȫ̫һƭ𣿡
û뵽һֱƵСӻ󵹸꣬ƺõģΪļƻһʧûͱ˶ˡ
˲ǱˣһǾȻǷɾˣжǿ졣
ļֱҪѪŤͷСӵû֤ݣȫƾһ죬ƾʲôָң
СӷЦһ˼ܣô֤ݸңν֤ݲѡҿ־ΪӦãҵļ޹ģ·ŹҵļˣҲ²Ҫҵļ˸Ͼɱ
֣˿񶼴Щסŭ㻹ǻ
ʱȫķԸȥСӵĵϸȻм棬˾ĸĸס
ϢȫȫС֪˻ʵۡ
ʵ۳ݵ澵ļ˴
æͣȥˡ
ʱһţɫԽˣ˾һţûа⡣ȻԪѹǺ䣬Դŵůڵġֻ˲ڹ⻬羵ש棬ӽŵĲ룬ӵ֫ٺ·¡Ҫ䡣
֪˶ãǰȥѲ˻ˣԭΪܼһɺϸˣ˭֪ȴ߱ʬ塣
Сһ̧ͷͷڵ棬ʹĸɱĸĸס
ߺ޵תͷ㣬һ㣡СˣδҪŹҼˣ
˵˵ʲôԵ޹ʱһˮŭӡ
Сӵʱ򣬲ļҵףͲ֪ʲôˡĸĸģʵߵܲ˵ѡ
һ˴۸СӵһӦϢ
˭б¶ֽţ
û˼̫ãȷˣһǾ
Ƴ˾һۣǾ֪һ㣬üĽչ
Сһߣҵʱֻղ㻹Ҽ˵вҡӦңֻҪ̫ˣͷǣҴԶ뾩ǹʱⷵؾǣͽǰھĸչĸҲ޺ˡû뵽Ǳ㷢ǵټɱǣuֱ޲磡
ʬ壬޵ҧݣҸûȥɱǣҲû֤ݣ
СһЦû֤ݣǳ벻ˡҿ͸ˣαݶֽƻĺɱҼˣ°ۼ֪СˣҵͲΪ̰Ľڷ̫ûˣҼҲûˣһŻʲô壬ˣ
˵꣬ѵվʲôĵĳǱȥ
ˣ󺰡
Сˣı̫ӵ۵ϴѲˡ
ǣվһֻͨһС˳źӻڵأͷһĴĿѪ
ȫǰһ£ݣ£Сˡ
ʵݱ䣬Ӷȥ
һ˲䣬ʬͱˣڵŨصѪӡӡ
ʡʵɫġ
ʵû˵
ھҡڣĿϡ
һ۾ˮ£ǳ檵Ĵǳ⣬̿ô輧УҲͲ£𷣡
ʵۿ὿Ϥٳû¶ġ
Ǿˣ˵紦ŶԣǶ̫ľվˡΪܿסһϲŮˣԾɲġյ˾ôд̿ͻ輧أ
һ룬ϷӦǾıľ޹𣿶̫췴һƲѵĲģ
Ҳ˷̫ӱƹ췴ǡ÷˴£ѡڽ
˵ף˵ֶɾһ㣬ʵھֻ֪һֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
񣬻ʵŶҲ˲ϲû֤;ֻҪһ룬ȫȻˡ
ں֮ҲĬǱ̫ӣϣ˸Ұ˼ͷϣһ߰ߣһñӣȴͬģΪĿðգ
Ķʲôӣ
˱ۡˣǾĿġ
֪ʵۻɣҲָܿ³԰һһػˮǰʵ֪ҰģǲҾ̫ӣôʵۿ
ѻȸӺ幫ҲҶˣ˶Ϣ޲Ͻ
һ̣ʵ۲ſڵɫˣʹɢ˰աдܣӺ幫Ҫ֣پٰǸ
ʵֻǿȻᵱ档һͱ¡
ʵɫʧſڣ˲Ÿ˽
ʵ۾ˣӲ𣿻ʵ۶uֵʲô˼
u㱣ڵϹãǿָƽ̷վµĳȥ
ǡãζһ
uһ˲極˼
ϴԸıƻﵽԼԤڵĽû楣Ϊһܳɹ˭֪ȴˡ
һﳰЦգЦȡ
ţٶ࿴һۣ첽˴ã˶ڳЦ
˹ſڣʱ˾
ʧܵһαѪӿǺñ¡
ҲЦЦ֡
uЦû뵽ҳ̫ӣȴΪ˼¡
ɫĴҷɲ˵Ŵΰ£ѲɲҲѧһ𣿡
ʲôʱʼע⵽Сӵģu
˴ô᲻֪浱ɵӣ֪̫췴һֲ߻֪Ҫ𣿼ˣȻҪΪǿˣôߵžȻû㣿
uŭԸþЦЦû뵽˾ˣȻܷ
ǰļ򣺡磬ʲɵӣ̫ˣò˵楿ɱضˡ
˵꣬Цһޣܿʧҹɫ
užȥķоþòƽ
ں£¶أûȥˡ
uԾûж˺һŵ߰ա
˵ţ̧ޡ
޻δǰһڣ͡һһѪһ̾ˤ¡
󺰵£¡




186 ϶
 

δ򣬵ôˣuŮСĲţuǰôѪ
Ѿ죬ǻԽ䵭ˣԼ
uҪٲûȥμӹ磬uٳٲ飬ҲûаЪڵȵuȴǷѪˡ
ԭ̫ҽǳȴ֧֧ᣬ˵òҪ̫˵Ҳ١u˲ԣҲ˲׷ֻȥݷ硣
ݷ̫̫ӵģѪεԼҩЪϢͺáмǲҪ˼ˣҪΪҪ
極ͷлδ򡣡
ȻַԸȥݷõĺɰҲûѣյ
̫ӸĴϣԸҩͯȥݸš
پѾ½½ĻظˣЩȴԥ
ʱǶҪ׼ϳˣΪλҪٻؼңȵȫ߳ſڣ岻ʣ糯ˣλظա
õ׼ţ˿ظˡһҹû˯ȻҪϴһúЪϢˡڵõһϢʱ򣬶ʱû˯⡣
ˣü
Ц㲻Ԥϵ𣿡
΢΢һЦ̾ϵŭû뵽Ѫ
ЦһʲôֵģûоʧܣȻܲסʧܡߣοǼܳƫƫСӵ򣬻˱µܲѪ𣿡
ҡҡͷ̫֮ܳλȻֵøˣô꣬һɹΣŸϽĸ󻼣ԾϾɱ̫żˣڱ˿ӡ
͸۾ͷ϶ȾϸĹâһֱϵһ죿
楶յȴǷֺЦЦˣֲôδ֪ıأ
Цţһѵ
ЦݵȻΪԼ㹻ֺαزأԹ
ĬĬΪ̫
⺬ЦƳһۣ߹ˣҿû壬˳ˡ
ǵĹ˹ıӣӲΪ̫Թuˣȴֻ̲ʱˣ⿴Ըͷ
Ҳֱ˵ǰңһ͵͵ǢСӵʱҾͲµǾȻu֪ͷΪ÷һ㣬һʱľ棬ֵ˭أ
uᷢ£Ǵˣuһ£Ҳ֪ˣȥ̽ˣҲɽ¹һ¡
ЦǰҲȥ̽һ̫ӵ¡
ȻѾ楻ͨ⣬͸uˣǲ楼u
ֹѳɶ֣ʲôȥ̽ģѲؾ棿
֮ȷ
֪ǸˣҲȰ˵ʳָĦŲյ죺̫Ѿͬ˵ˣȻصĽݹǾͳ׺òã
һ㶣˲ɫ΢죺ĸûͬأҪ󡣡
ͳЦŵģҲĵġ
Σ£ʲôɣ£ܲϼеġ
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楡һֻҲס裬ζ
ǡڴʱҶŴǸҰ˹Ȼˣáʲôû
תͷ۾ⲻֻ֪á
極һۣѸٳ֣˺£
ҶݾȣٺһЦǸǸϰݷ̫ˡ
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ƻǰӺµҶһСǡӡ
ЦһȻ
ü΢Ѿڱǰ·ҲְգҺǣδΪҪҺף
мʲôԭЩҲФġ
ҶͬǣƾǸǹĳ˵Ρ
ʧЦʵǸҲûôֻǺԭеĿ겻̫һɷģļҹҼ޸ο֮ңֲ󾰷ϰ󾰼Ϊͬ˭޹ȥ
˵ţ̫ߵŮˡ
Ȼ
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ҪȥŮߺ߳
極ЦǱӣĸҪģǲһ֪ʱܱ򷢳ȥ
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ŮΪ´멣ЦݴСŮҵĽΣĸҹʲô£
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Ӽؾȴ˴ԼʩȴˣɿˡŻعЦҹûмϷˣСʵеźԽŰݷáߣڱǰҲ˵ˣҲ֪ġ
¹Լ£һɴݣû˿Ϊ顣
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˵ˣӻǲġææҲԭˣȻԭĹءĸ֮ҪŮӵΪҪôܲأ
̫˲ɵ楶һ£ֻߣԸԶޣһӲػɡ
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ں۾ֱĿ楣ǳϵЦݣ˵ĵĻ
ǾԲŵģһͲʮСˣŲᱻеı׸ж
極лֻ̧Ըڴ󾰣ҵļһ𣬲ԸȥƣֻʧˡǿŤĹϲ𣬴󾰹Ůڶ࣬ԸҸͶϵĹΪ
ɫһʧ䣺ҾͿ㣬Ҷǲġ
Ӵ˴󾰣ΪƽӱּȢһλȥŮίʵʡ
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˵ţյٲȻͿ͵˼ˡ
Ӻ˵ģվ𣿡
ЦЦӶˣҸİˣ֮˵
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ڱƿûôأϵŮˣֱġΪȢ楣þеģ˵ĻΪλ޶ԣŮ˲ϲЩ
楲ͷٺ˵ʲôĸһҪȥ̫Ӹ㣬Ȼȥˡ
̫Ҳ˵Ժuһ¡Цȥգ·Сġ
ˣҲûҪˣҲֻ̫˸ǡ
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ַ̫˻ȥӣȢôۼˣ
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188 
 

ܷϣõ楣ÿο楶ԴһʱԿ϶һģʱЦ绨ο˵ģ
Դ֪ϲʱ򣬾Ͷ⣬ûеϻλ˼ǲšʱ򣬲˶֣֪ˣֻ»ߣȻܽ楣֤Լu
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189 ڶһ
 

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190 춹˼ 
 

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ſֱסֵͷժЩţĺƯ
ͷ룺͸ĸһЩٸ׺͵ܵܡ
û𣿡
ĵ˵ŮӲŴ
ЦǴ
ĸ˵һء
㵹һҲǫ顣極Ķͷ
ŮЩ極ȥòã
ͷò׳һΣһҲġ
Цѣںܶﶼȥݻء
極Ҳȥ
ûһ楴ȥ˻
·вˣǼˣܿûȤҪȥ𴦡
˻ȴ˵סȥ·ŶŻʲôԸ
ϤȻһ̧ۣӳ˫
Цôɲ˵ġ´һᣬôճҲпе棿
Թǳ棬ô֪ܲңҾֻѰˡ
һۣ˿ͬΣֻµڶͻ
ǲ£ʲôЩͲ²⵽Ҷб˼˲ߣװףΪβ̸ۼޣĴѵֱӾҲȢ𣿡
˵Ҳеֻǡ
Цˣ楣ʱҲǰհˣ²ѵɱ𣿾ҪǣҲǸˡ
˵Ĳ㿵͵֪˵ΣټɵҲҪͼ֮ȵ뵽ӳ˵ʱ˵ͲˡˣֺαززҴҴأ
˵Цϲ½۵ʱ޲˶֪ȴǱˡ
˼ˣ뿪Ц˵ҵίˡ
ĿģʶԼĴˡ
極üǳЦ紺ѤãƲۡеһˮأƺҪ
͵Цȥ𴦹һա
楲ٿǻ᲻ᱻ۵⣬á
ǰ˵˲еĹˣһ۾ϳˣԾͬʱ־ƺȻȣǴ
һУҲ幫۵ס
ǰһˣЩۣЦһҲû䡣
Ȼ˵ȷ䣬幫ǼʵķеĶʻѾҪڲزס
幫ķӦзһĨ䳰ͬʱмֳ衣幫ǳĺģѾ£Ŀȴ׷ΪƾһŻڵͿԼ޸𣬼ֱǳ룡
幫ƿڣǰ治ͳˡ
ӹȥֶо֮ڸл֡
Ѿ幫Ҫ첻Լˡ
幫߷ߣȲˣΪγʲôôã˪
ץűӣϵ䲻ǴˣǽҲĶԭֱˣλ½ȴˣû뵽Ǻ鲻ǳ
Ц֮Ȼǽ鲻ǳġֻǳҲǺʶġ
幫ĿתŶ
͵󾰣һЩ²֪﹫ӶСʶҲһͬЩ±幫֪Щ˵ѾͷƢɲ̫ãʱҲײ
幫˰極ά֮⣬楹ȻǲãԼȻǱƹҲ楸߹١
ͷЦģ£𣿡
šһ
幫Ц̾һ֪ˣͷι侩ǰҲ֪᲻ҡ
Цģһ̹ʴ󷽣С¹͵ġ
幫һĨЦݣǾͺá
԰ԽмˣΪֺuǲô۰Ҳά
ʱ楾ʹȥˣҲҪһȥ
ûоܾҵһʱֻʣ˺һ
ˣ楻˯ˡ
楷ԸݳЩỺˣ
ʲô
ͬΣɲֻ˿ˣ幫ҲƼˡ
楿һۣ㣬Խתģĺʲôײһ¡
ǳģ幫Ҳã͵ڶԸаաͬΣ˵ͽء
ô˵ã룬֮ãĿġ
һò𣿡Ц
ҡҡͷ֪幫ӡǹ⼤ŭ
΢Ц㲻úȤ𣿡
ô
ϵ㣬ɻǿѹŭӦ޸ɼӵ⣬ô͸˵Ǵ˴󾰳Ǳоˡ
㻳Ӻ;һ𡣡
極ͷˣһܲµΪҪȢزʶҡ
ЦЦֻǱڲƭˣΪ׾Ȣ㣬ҵõԼҪġ
ûн⻰ƹ䲻󾰣
һЦղ
ƽʻһ˲ľסһᣬ񸽹幫ҵ˼㿴û𣿡
ü΢ʲôģ
Щδ򱻱Ů죬Ȼ
ôСƵģ楾úЦ
һį̾治һҡ
楾һƤôоˣ
ɫƽ΢գչȥһ¡
һ漴Ⱦϱ죺㡭
δ䣬һ˫ˮĴ۾תתȥˡ
ĵһۣˡ
ϣĶӣö
һ黨⣺ȳԼĵһ棬һĸȥԺóԵġ
һ׷񵭵ܿҪˣȥ¥գƻ֮ʱŻڽһ
֪ͺ¥ƹ˵ˣ׵Ҳá
ǻڣ¥Ϊõľ¥ȻѾϯοҡȰźãվͻһ¥Ĵˡ
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ľŻ㴫楶Ʊ᣺㡣
ЦǰٻɵľƣζȻܺã㳢һ
һڣǰûоƱҲҪ
ҡҡʳָ˵ʲôҲ㻹СܺȾơ
εСȣſϣˡ
̿楻ǲЭ˺ԹԳ
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һǣֵĴ֣Ц·ˡ
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幫ѧЩٲ˶ĵطçײ£˵Լ
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¥Ļƴ幫λ͹٣λ˵ǵѣԡ
Ц޷ȥա
ȥˣ幫滶ϲ£ҳ󾰣֪һҪԤʵûеطȥˣ͹ˣ㲻Ҳգ
ƮƮһۣ¶ȣ幫Զ˽⾩֮£ûʲôֵùġ
幫磺ͺãҲǣңء
˵ˣȴԹԸ楼вˡ
楰Цλ幫˼֪ϲ֪лԼȴǰڡ
ǲЩġ鵽Ĺ幫£֪幫ڱһ࣬˵ǿп޵ġ
極ȻˣգǼ򵥵ľƲ˰ˣҪ
幫֪ǿƵʳ¥ľƲζḻȻΪȴҲкü˲
幫ȻŰ裬ϲǼ׵£ΪǱֵĺ鿪ʣ֪һᱻֱʵıƭ
Ȼл۽ȴһֱӹüë۾ӡͣٵ·¡
ͻȻһɫҶĺɰߣҺɰģδʲô
ţԭɰŮ֮Ȼ֪ɰ˭͸ģȴúܰۡ
Ĳ֮£ʧֽƱˣƱ˳һһε·ϡ
һӳ񿴵ɰϵľգҪŭȴźۼʹ˸ɫ
Ϊ˲ƻ極ļƻֻŭ
һᣬ幫ŷӦ뿪λߣϽӸ·
εҲãŪ˳µ·ѽ
ƺǲСģĺɰקһæҵĸϡ
ϲŮӿվɰˣһſźɫĶӹ
幫һŶӣǺ
ûлش
ʶǺ춹
幫ûɢ⣬Ц˶ϲںɰװŶ𣿡
һۣɫǣ춹ʲô




191 ָ£
 

幫Ȼ׺춹˼֪һںɰװź춹Ϊʲôֻġ
֪ŭȴҲţﴽЦЦҲͨԭĻȻ֪
Ц΢䣬еĺɰùȥԽ춹ŵ棬Ȼϵãľգػָƽ塣
ɼɰӡ
ŭ˲٣ɰø
֪˼ЦǸɰˣ˾ˡ
࣬ȫû˷ŵĮ΢΢һЦһ𣿡
ЦףǲȻԸЧ
ЦԽɣ˵ģҪˡ
幫ʳԣ楿幫幫˵ǲǣ
˵ġüĿ顯ǲС幫ǿѹŭЦ֪ԭŻڣŮҲܺãȴ幤ء
楴󷽷𾩳㣬ҵŮʵϲ̨棬ù͵¼Цˡ
幫ǿЦ̫ǫˣֻҲСŪ˳µ·ʵΡ
極ؾΡ˺ƽ׽ˣǲЩСµġ
û̬ʲô˵ⷬ幫ƣҫԼĹϵ𣿹ؼǣûзͬ極ĻҲͬ楴ڡ
幫һξѿȴЦĵ²Ҿͺá
žƱÿɷ
幫ƤٺҲԼʵࡣ楺֮һֺǢĬķΧ˲ڽȥ
Ҫӣ͸ҸڸȥԽˣֻٶ࿴ۡ
ĬˣãŵҶ˼ž
幫ڴ˴
ˣ
幫ȴ֪ʡ
Ҷ極ǡ
Ȼ͵ˣաһ幫էӦҾͷˡ
㣬ֱƿˣһ£Ľ˶˽
¶һЦݣʵ̫ˣѰò෽֪һ𣬾͹ˣλҲգ
⻰Ǻ幫˵һ
񣺡Ҹ幫棬ʲôɹأӼȻˣա
ӻһ£幫Ķ棬極Աߡ
楶񣺡




192 һ
 

Ȼ楱оĵͼڵĳֲܶ˵ʲôߣλãȷûλÿˡ
極ָ˳޹ǡִƺΪԼһơĺѣǻڣֵʱ򣬲֪Ŀɾˣ
һס˫ֵĳ嶯ٺЦˣȻˡС˴󾰣պϻڣʶ󾰵ķ
΢ЦֻǴ󾰣ĽݹѶԭңǵķʹй֮޲лӿȥһ
˵ԭҰĸֻͣǱȻǺԭȻǲЩߣԭⲻֹһƣбСʹҰҲóóȻжֻ󾰣ͻúĮ³һ
˼ˣЦԼǣлСȻԸȥطʶһڴô꣬ȥһ𣿱ȲԭģҲĶ֮
Цӻǲģ浱ôƭΪĻƭȡһƬģǻѺóʱŴ򶯰楣ƾʲôΪ楻
幫ʮ˵ĺܶԡԭҹ㣬ڸϣŲŲֻаݷʲôյʱܹĳҪŻҪʾ߻Ҫ໤ŮúѵǾͲʶһգԸȥƿϲġ
΢΢Цлһ⣬ֻмڴ˵أԶΡ
幫̾ϢһǾܣǱƵĹʲôʲôȥľȥءĹҲһڲԭϲڣһȥԣȴܡţúź𣿡
幫һ棬װãã㲻񡣡
幫Ц˵ʲôǸŮӣǺأǳԶҲܺˣ
楅˿ھƣЦŵˣ˵ϺܺãҲܲڴˤ£͹ȵġ
幫ʮֽҵǸԽ̵أ˭Ȳҡ
極ԭڣʵ
лܺͿһźá
極Ц˵ã͹ֻ»Ц󷽡
ûϵҿ㣬һġ幫ѿڵ
˵⻰գգ۾ڰʾӺʲô
̵СңǿԸ⣬СȻᾡ
Ը⡣
סˣֵԸ⡣
幫ЦǧģȻʶҲգ
ֻ±ЩѣϾҪעŮ֮
幫üǳºһͬ棬Ͳ¸鷳𣿡
еҲһ
幫һҭﲻһ
Ȼʶ
幫
ǿʶ
ִ֪˴̳ӣݸһЦ
پ£һ˫ӸģתЦǻ٣·ʹԡ
Ҳһ˲ĵЦÿ
⻰ֹάʮϣ˭˶ʵϲ楡
񰵵˵ôߣźۼһۡ
һݸ߹ޣ楲δֳߣ̹ȻűƵҾƺ֪ܳӿľƣ
ӽһʮֺСڡ
ҰҰ죬Цȷ뱱ƵľкܴĲͬȻǵľңȴǷ𣬲֪ʲôɣ
΢ЦҲͨƣȴ֪˾ǲȡٻɣȻǼΪġ
ЦȻǱĲãֻϧƷһ±ƵҾơ
ЦЦҲƣҲֻƷһ㻨ˡ
幫ĹﶼܻȾأǧɲǺһͻᵹ
áӵͳ⡣
幫һ磬ֻǺ̸ˣݴȣŲҼƽء
εñǳ軵ˣ˵һֱʡ
極幫˲ܿɹġ
幫һ˫ˮҪҪһرѽһģǵô˵Ȣء
ǻûз楶ǵĿԽȤˡ
Ǳ²ִ£ĸҲûͬ⡣
ҲġӼᶨһϷ˿ҵľģԭĻ˵㣬ģ㲻Ҫҵĳġ
᣺ӵĳҲһɣΣǲȥƵģĸѾ˵ĺˡ
Եʧ䣺ǡ㡣
лӵֻ̧û
幫Ϊʲôѽﲻô㲻֪öﶼ޸磬粻ᣬֱ㡣ΨһһĶĹء
極ûΪʲôֻǲԸ磬ҲŮ֮ˡ
ҲġӻǼ֡
ֻ̾˵Ҫһˡ
û뵽ҪõһŮô鷳Ϊ˴ﵽɸ˵Ŀģֻαװһǫǫӡ
һ²ָ̡Ц񵭣֮ǰӴδ棬Ϊأ
˼һ˵ʵԪ֮ǰ͵˾ǣװɴ˵ģĴ棬һż˿ԿһġҷҪȢĹһ󾰾˿ⲻעԵ𣿡
ǴҪȢƯĹҲվӿԼ䲻䡣Ը̡
楴ǳЦԭϲһÿƤң
ȻˡһʼҵȷǱòǺҷȷһŮӲͬᶨҪȢľġﰵģȢ㣬һᾡܶãṼ㣬ɱŮķ
ΪӣλȨأһƬ飬檣κһŮӶжĿ޳գ
̫쿪ˣû˿䵭ӻĹʱԸˡ
幫楲ʶ̧٣Ӷѻ˵ˣǲԸ⣬浱Լ߹ڴ󾰣ͱ˹ϷˣﻹܸܾĻ᣿
ʲôĸ֮ý֮ԣԭĹǿɶ񡣲ʵ۾ܾͻ飬ҲΪǰ׷ѿࣿ
ɫįЦ㣬ҾͶŮӲȤˣǵģǷȿƯ
ǻ˵
極ӲҪ˷ʱˣҪףѡһλΪ
֪ҡҡͷĶ㣬ûȤѡ
極ʱ䣬Ӻúѡˡ
ƺûģϵıһ͡
Ȼֱ˵ľܾӣǺһ˽ǲټ˵ġ
楣ʱˣûȥˡ
楡
еĻǡ
幫һֱ񣬿ֻ楡
ֽȥӣ幫ˡ
ͲͷˣСֵˣȥ档
ʮִ󷽵ϲԼҴţӼڱϾͺá
˵ţ極߰ա
һα񱧣ȻİҲûоܾȴԽˡ
˶뿪Ӻ幫άֵЦ̳ȥ
幫ߣһһĶôʶ̧٣ҲͰˣݡ楲Ǹ֮Ůȴ㽾˲ӡ
Ӱ幫֣ɫһƣüֵֺα˷ʱ䣿
幫ϺĦţŶѵĲϲ𣿡
Ц極ȷȻõģֻؼǴõôӺ
幫Цϧȴǰ㲻жҿͺͳβˡ
Լڶ֮ȡôΪ˺һࡣ
Ӹ˸ЦôϲǸ
幫Ц㻹һ極ɫ㿡ʣΪβܿȴ󾰹ҿҪҵ׵ġ
ңץһѡ
幫ЦĻ֦Ҳסľкβң
Ͽһڣҿɾ㣬δޣֺ;ã㲻Ҫǳ¶ˡ
幫̾Ϣգգ۾һһˣʵ̫ίˡ
ҲţҪҲҪȵ³֮󡣡
幫ס֣ʲô
ЦźһֻҪ㻹ûкףͻҵġ
ȱˡ幫˫ֵţһлҪ㡣
̧ͷ˵ʲô
žĻ幫Ȼ֪ϣΪԼ취õΪҪֺø㣿
ӲͷһĨ⣺ȻԹˣòҺˡһаٵĽͱʮ̤ƽָտɴӦңֻҪõλԸóǳظң֧ҵõƻλ
幫Цͨе¶ó˵Ļţֻõλĵһ¾ǲǡ
ΪϾһ𣬼ȻôҺҾʹӦʱҪڲźá
ҵĵõλ˳楣Ǻô㡣幫楶ʾ޶ԣʲôӵõ
ȸ󣬹һЦҪΪַ𣿡
幫ɫΣ̬Ǹ楣ҵһμͲϲһǸģţԽǽԽҪȵŵ£մۻࡣڹ˽ҶҪõġ
Ũڵüë𣺡ѵΪ˳𣿡
幫Ц˵ΪҲȻֻҼǸģ˶˵¹磬ɣҾ뽫̳С
ϵϢɳƣãˣǾ̤ƽԭЩԭ˲ȥΪǵū
﷢楺Ȼ֪Żƣڴ
Ѿ˻ƻʱ֣Ƴϣ֯Ħࡣ͹ӶȺһҹÿ϶žµĵƣǵƻǡ
΢ϰϰ££ϵ磬÷ƺ͸ĵ̲סֿЩ
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Ҳ㣬ɫӸˣָȥ𴦡
ЦѾͷǲ
һֱһǣһϻֵۣ˭Ǻ˭ǻˡ
ǣţƬ̰
ͻȻĵһˣ
楶һȣʶȶȴӵա
˵ʣ񣿡
ᣬ紺ܹƻġ
ǲشһģ˵ʲô
Ц죺㲻شҲûϵѾµĴˡ
楣
ԴʰԽˣҲԽƤˡ
ƺ֮⣬ѵΪɰȻΪϷ幫ˮϣҪҡ
û㻹Ҫ
Цɫ£һ˫Խ䣬貵ĹâȻҲֻ̫ۣΪɰװź춹ͺáǻǹⲻȥҲġ
楰˸ۣ
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Ǻüɰ˳˼
֪Ӳǻģ㲻ٲҪ
㣬Ǹӻĵģ
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ΪһӣҰĲ¹ԭȻ㲻дֻǣýϡ
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ҪǸҲҪڡ極Ȼʱ䲻̣ͻüޣһżġ
幫֣
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ȥ̫ӸϢuסһͻ̫Ӹ
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һ£u컨ͳһͬ棿
Цݲģǡ
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uĳǵѽûҰ£úòòҸùĵġ
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ⲻͺ𣿡㻹ҵҸõ𣿡
uԥˣϸ룬ȷҲڶ楸Դˡ
ǡǣ̫ΣˡֻԸȢͨ˼ҵŮܴʼҵĲ¼ɣϵƫƫҵŮ
楴㣬Ҫ˵ˣ⼸ô
uĺˣСһﵹ˵ˣ̥λƽġ
楻ǲģգһȥҽңŽ㡣
á
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㣬Ĵԣûл𣿡
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λشģ
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Ȱ㲻Ҫ룬һҪãݺҲԼȻ˾ĵ
uѹǵ㲻˵ǣƷأһǾݺ
ˣһ귢£ʧ衢̫ӱϣϴ֮λ
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̫ĺӣȥӳѩô౻ɱˣȻû¡֪uΪϻλָʹ輧ɱ˻ʵ۵£һᱻŵľս
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uͷס
u磬ǻȥˡ
ٱʱu楣ʱҡ
֣ģһʱ㡣
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楻ǵһζuߵŮʩԾ棬̵ǡ
極ѩһҪ֪ҡ
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ɻļӣ
һ뵽ľ½ۡ
ЦҼ˵ˣ֪
楴䣬ںδȥա

̧֣޷
ĸոպá




193 Լ
 

һƷ¥ңһɫ£ͷڵǰƷ裬һ㼸Ϸ¯̴ȴȻǲס㡣
ҵűƿˣ楽󣬾˹ţһʱ䷿ֻʣˣһҶ
ǺˡЦ
תͷֵ̧
楽Ų˶٣΢΢档
з䣬Ըһյ裺д˵һƷ¥ĲȹĲ軹ҪãǱĲҶ㳢ζɻã
楿ɫյиĲҶһڣصΪƷգ
ЦϷʣúαżδɲ𣿡
һЦôӶж㹻ˣ
һЦһ˫˵ԣҲͳö𣿡
楷²յﴽΪӣŴңȻÿȴմȾ鷳¾Ͷ㵽һȥб¡
̬Ȼúα䳰ȷҲ֪ҵھʵ΢ֻܱմȾǷǡֵοǣûңΪֻгѾǵء
楴һЦҹֻΪ˵Щ룬ûҪˡ
˵ţվˡиˡ
ȹǴһס󣺡楣
ͣ½ŲƳһ۱յ֣Ǻ⣿
Цݣȥģ楣㵱治ҵ⣿
極һЦ⣿˵ЦֲĻ׳棬֪⣿
пһᣬͻȻЦˣ楣úܡ
Ȼгӣлֱ˵ûʱڴ˴
һ楣һֱΪһܴ㹻ǵˣֻû뵽ҲΪν鰮ͷԡ
ޱ飺ͲӸòĵˡ
վ楣Ϊ㵱ʲô˲𣿡
䵭кθϵ
ֻǺ㡣ƳҶʲôݣ󾰵¹̫ӵĶӣ˶޲ԶԶأֻҿ²µļɵ楣һǸǵˣǺϲ𣿡
üһЦΣΣ֮ⲻӵ¡
㣬ͬΣ˶˵½ñ𣿡
üҼˣ;ڡ֪ΣܴҺΪ˲һֱΪǴͻء
вŵģѹ楣Լݣ㲻ҵŮĽݹŮݻǻΣ˵Ǹɱǲɱ
楺ԺԺٿҲ٣浽һ죬Һһߣͨ˵Ҳܺá
вŭЦ㵱ϲΪԸһУҲˡ
Цо仰û𣿡׵޼۱ѵɡŮҲǸŮӣҺʹҪһҸŵԵ˼ҼˣŮӣỹвʡĵҡȻһҪôΪβһĶҺõӼˣΪҿȥҲһֱ߰ңΪԼһҲûˣ
˶٣ֲؼòҲҲڵӣȻҪΰס
У
ǣó
Цˣ۹ȻҲ˷ǳ𣿡
極ͷЦӣ̫˽Ůˣһĺÿֶʵĺã߶ΣգҲúܶ˶ˡ
Ȼ
ãһ˵ģ
ӯӯǳЦҺ֮ͬ£˽֪Աҵľ𣿡
еһ֮⣬һȵǡյǣ極ϡ
Ҫӣ͸뿪ȴǱһ˿ϣһ仰ѿڶҲԡ
˵ʲô
б˱۾ҲԶܺãֻһˣ檣ҸĸһȻҲ˸۸㣬ѵȼ޸𣿡
ҡҡͷ
üҼҪȢ㣬ͻᰮ㣬ʳԡ
ЦӣкøУȻҪģһԶǵһλġֻҪҵ£ԥİң˼ȫΣȡ㣬ҪȨףڲʱŻң𣿡
ҡ˵ˡ
ƽĶۣ˵Ĳϲ楣ȴǴ̣Ϊ˾ϧ¶Լ
ֻῼһôڻʵ۲¾楣пǵʱ䣬ֻѾɱˡ
񲻻ῼô࣬صʱһжҪˡ
ЦԣӲҪ˵ϲңԸȢҵĻˡҪĸǺ覴õģֻܸҡϲң޹ݣ޹棬ֻΪҡʣҲǰǸ׷½ĴܵĴˣһĽԣ㻹ϲֻԸ࿴һۣӲЩǴǴ⻹Ƕׯ֣˵ǲҪģϲֻ˶ѡһ㣬Զġ
ϵıɬû뵽楻˵ⷬⷬʶȷ
ǲģʼվã楲ʺġ
ĬĬܸΪ롣
ȴǵĸҵġ
û뵽ҲִԲһ졣̾
楾úЦǲֻҪ뷨ͬСִԲ򡯣
üǵСʶһǺ㡣
ü۵Ȼлͷӷˡ
Ȼεĺܺãлǲһŵĳʱ·ꡣ˵ǰ楲úϵãһαԴмдŵ䳰
һֱڱصãƿء
Ц̾ΪҪԶ𣿡
極ҲΪʲôˣ񲻸ˡ
оһǱ˺ݺݴһ£ҪڵĻͷ
Ҫ
㵱ϲ
ͣ룬Ѿ˵ĺˡԺʱԶһ㣬ҼȻԼ⣬Ͳߵ̫
˶ӣãЦãܺáһ㣬Ҫ˵̫˵׼Ժı⡣
ᡣȴǼᶨ
ô꣬ǵһαƽ飬ҵõϢ󾰶գȴûѡҪΪһͻ飬ȴǾܾˣٸһЩʱ䣬˵ΪΣ
΢ЦҪʲôҺθɣ
еȻҲ֪ôͶһˣһĻϲ⣬һĻʹײģ˵ʹʲôɵֶΡ
лӣһСĵġ極ʱˣøˡ
˵꣬һתȥ
μû
վڴǰֵȵʧߣŵ̷㡣
̷ŽкηԸ
Ըȥڱ뿪ǰζҺӡ幫
̷ֹ
һۣ˵ʲô
̷һŵӵӣͱ˷˼ˣԶ⣬ǺͳȽᡭ
δ˵꣬һյͷ˹̷һյײϣӦѡ
иֶЦˣˣȻұҵ¡
̷ȻΪӣҲһ𳤴С顣ǲ¼зƢȻЦӣ˵ͳҲɲŮò޴޷ݣݣֻҪָﵽߣαִڿһأ
вмЩӹ֬׷ۣ㶼òŮӣҲ楰ֻ֣һ楶Ѱ
̷Сֹǽǿɲص
иһţЦҿеģʱ뿴㡣
̷һţЦŹ֣ˡ
ϣСʵûмˣʲôҪҪ˵𣿡
ڳϣǰȷҪ¡
ҶһʲôҪ£Ĳ
ҡһĲ
ǡ
Ҷ極²ó֪
֪ͼл棬ҪˡһٴȣҲİȥһԶ˼ӣֻá
Ҷֻñտڲԡ
صϣȺ
ЦʲôôżҪصȣ
ӭȥȷЩ¡
楻Ŷʲô£
Ž쳯ϣ½۱ˣˣǰ;ߵĽ
ЦԴӻ|ϲһֱ˽֪½ҽԾ취Ŵκ½ԣץס½˵Ĵʹȡ
㣬ֲɵӣǴ|ɱĻأ
˵أ
˼һ䡵ô˵½ϷΪǷĿɳˣ
ֻñ½֧־޿ܰ
ߣǽƻ
ЦЦ֪½۸İʱʧܣһҪ
գ½ҵңǲʾ໥ڦֵʵÿϳ˵½Һ;£һЩëƤСҲõǰ˵ʵ۷ʤ޿̣һǲͣ
£˶ɲ෹ЦĴܿʹ˾û䣬˶֪½ˮݣԹ
˵˴£ֻǸ֮һЦĵ¡
ܴ˵²˶ˣ
Ҷüȷǲ鵽һЩǸղЩͷͶˣҿһ˽еһϴˡ
ԣҵū澿ܴйû£⽫Щ¸±˷ʲô𣿡
Ȼǻ֪굽׷ʲô
ҶѾ鵽ܴү٣ܴУΪ˷չˣܴүһˮأܴӾġȥ鿴ˣȥʵܴ˽ţǰˣĽַҲûﲻԣܴӾܴ˵ӡ
ʲô£ܻܿԼ֪ˡºӲãžˣܲʲôƫƫǰʲô˻ɵģ
ҶܴģҲ̫ˡΪλܴӵݣΪ壿
̾Ϣǰܴ˶ǸֶŮ̫ˣΪ˺ãҲòɳݡ
ɻǣū澼ɹûܴòơ
ҶһϢû̫ô
極˵˵
ȥ˲鵽ĸףҲܴ˵ĶɩʱѲ˴ûоȻ
楾ץסʲôҵǸˣ
ҶͷҵˣǸúûءϾǹȥô£òϵȷѲѪ
極ܴ˵Ķأ
һǰ͵òȥˣ޿ܴ˲ŽӵԼչˡ
ҵϿܴӺͳݲûдǲˣܴ˾ΪƫֶŮŶϹɱ֡
ЦЦϽ
ҶֵϻܴǹѣϵҪá
΢΢죺ŶɹɩҲһμѻˡ
ѵܴΪϽãƫĳ壿
ҡҡͷ̾ϺͳɼҶү
û죬楾͵õһϢϻˡ
û֮ǰûкΪϻøˣԴ˺ȥܼҿ
һգ楴ܼһŷ͵˵иԳǱ幫ʹӣ幫֮ӡ
楴һƣüۼ˿˿ǳЦ
߽ӹӣ幫ھ棿
極Ĵ棬ôܲȥأ
ҶŽҿ幫Ǽ٣ѰӼ棬ǧҪϵ
ЦЦôûأҾܾһΣеڶΣǲĵġȻ˼ôгģȻƴǡ
㣬Ҳȥ˵ţܽ
Ц˼Ͽûд㡣
һԾǲ⣬ȻҪ㡣
極ȥȥգ˵ɲҪƻҵļƻ
۾ʲôƻ
Цӯӯ¡
Ӧ幫һ£ȻЩ˵ĶĿܿ͸ӵϢȥˡ
պ幫Եˡ
һ֣֪Ҫ˵ۣ¶Ϊ楺幫ϵ׺ֻӱ˹黹мϣ
幫ͬһһ·幫ߴߴ˵ʱ楶żͼ䡣
ͻȻ幫м˵ˣ˿ɲҪ
楹۲ı飬лֱ˵ǡ
幫ɫΣҳէûѣô㣬ֻʶһԭֻһˡߵ˽飬Ҫ޵ģԺ󶼲رˡھ㣬ֻһǲģҪʶһ˼ҵķС㣬ʱ⣬ȥӡǲ⣬ǶᵽǸʼұԷȥ
ʼұԷǻʵ۴͸幫ģλúãɫãռع˵ʼұԷĸأ
ֻӼʶ˴󾰻ҵĸģҪסԭҰˡ
ȻҲǻ֮ˣǱƻҺԭȣǲԶԭһЩҴ嶼ȱƻҪٻ
ѹЩ֮һԭ
幫Сǲˣ
᣺幫ˣʲôֵģ֮󾰣ڴվȽŸȻҪϤǣʶϵˡԣǶԵġڴãǾٰĺʱ𣿡
幫һϲû̫ˣΪΪʱıء
΢Цˡ
ʱͣˣ̸ֵЦ
Ȼǲٷ˹ﶼˡ
幫ֱ֮ǰ֣ա
幫極ĵȻˣתͷǡ
Ŀ֮£幫Ȼ𽵹󣬷ŵԷⲻò˴⣬˹ϵʮҪá
ģ뵽Ȣһ£Ѳɻϣ
ǻգ楲һͬ˶ĳ楺ͳĻͨˣôӺô£
һ˼תȻ
楺Ʋ֪ʲô幫л
幫ֱۣǽȥա
˼ǹԶÿһһ
幫ӻ֣Ц飺λ̫ˡԭرϲٰᣬҲѧǾٰһ磬ű͸ҵıԷ˵˵ЦЦһҸʶһ¡ԺҾҪڴˣʲô֮Ƕշ
ˬʴ󷽵ĹǱˣһϲġ
æҡӵ˽ȥˡ
Ǵůݺ䣬šԷ̨ܴͤ¥Сˮ羰ˡ
һһ;̾Ϣʵ۵Ĵ󷽣ԷǻʼұԷһġʵҲԷԵô󾰻Сˡ
ΪϻУԲδμᣬ楱һͤƷ裬幫Ȼæʶˡ
˷С㣬ЩҲˣֻǲŮһ
ǣû뵽ǣʹ޴˶ˣһг½ˣûμᡣ
޴޺޵ĿһֻۣһƵı飬һڷ˺ȥˡ
楶Ƭ̣ѿ˰ֺ˵̧֣ͤ
΢΢ϥ
ȸ˵ˡ
ޣʱѾںЩˡϸɴĸЦ⸱ӣˣ
΢Ц⣬ﲻ𣿡
Żòǳ׻ˣһֻ۾ҲϹˡΪԼܸ߹󣬰ڳһ߸ϵӡʵϣԽЦԽһɴõ
üңôʱμأǵϴεĹ綼ûеѵӲʣ
СڳȾϻ
ûָɣ˵ǣ˶࣬СҲࡣǴСҲϷģˣɼ˶ǷǶࡣֵҵǣǴҰ޳û˵ɼҲ׼ġ
⡯һ£楡
楻δһյ裺Ϊʲôμأ
楽թȻΪ˾¡幫Ǵ󾰹ֱͣͻμᣬֻ»ңҲܵӣ幫ôԾ²ƻֵܸ顣ԣҲ뿴㣬Ҳμᡣ
ƵŶԭˡ




194 ⼤ŭһ
 

ԽǵȻԽ
̬ȣͺڿһ΢ϡ
ֱӶ䳰ȷ˼һ֡ĵģ
ڣ¶һЦֻõ۾¶ԹĹâ
楣̫⣬θı׵˰աҿ˵ˣٴξܾ˱´ͻ飬˵ֻһˣ³ȫء˵»᲻Ϊάƽȥأ
極һЦôͲͷˣӣԣ˵Ͳĸ˵㣬Ͳ
Ц˵㻹б£ǹ˳һͱԵߵ㲻Ȣǲף㵽ƾʲôƾһ𣡡
΢ЦأܱЩˣһס
楣ұ㺦ģ˺ݶ治֪ϲʲôдŷߺޡ
ҡҡͷ㻹ǲԼд³ֲñˣȡȰ㻹ʵʵģҪģܱܲסҪҵˡ
־裺˵ʲô
楹ϣ㵽ʲôµĲαסǼԼĶ˺޹Ҳվӣ⸱ӣ̫ӻƵ𣿡
㡭֪ʲô
һ̫ӸŮԹ̫Ҽ޻ͼıãôĵӡ
㡪ŭ漴ЦˣΣ֤𣿡
楴˴裺û֤ݣͺáϴʹ|ͼɥܿڣһûˣȻͣ뺦ҽ㡣˾һ㣬˵Ҫôܽͷ֮أ
İ𣺡楣ҿƷ֮ϣĿ֮£ҽΣ
ϣȻͬˮһر֪ġԣѵĵ𣿾ڲܽѵ㣬ҵᡣҲʶҵֶˣҶǷ鲻ͷϡ
ң¾ţȴɫ
Ȼ˽Ů˶ôĺֺݣ³˲ٿ˵ǲġ˲˹ģǰͣġƾʲô楺uŷӣꣿ
ؼǣһˣȥuμ޸أu̫ӣuǻʺǻʺ󰡣ôuϺλأԭǸģ
ԣǰһuһʬ
վЦ㿴ҸҲҡ
һߵǰڸעʱһӳϵɴ
Ͻסһ楣Ҫʲô㾹ҡ
ȻֹҶס͡
ꡣһƣһ𣿡
˵ţ˿ȻԶһЩΪͤиЩµľڣ˸ҹ¸ʲôʱ򷢷裬鷳
ЦƣҶܺ澰ģΪ˱ȫ֮Ψֲء
楣ҧͺ
楺޹ҲǺ;˵Цô׾ˣͲҲ̶ãٲĸ㰮ŭӣ»ϵø졢ø󡣡
۾ƺѪԹĶ㾹ң㡭
޿̣
ס󣬵üһЦҲҲʵʵ˵ˡߣЩ£ʲôأ
ݺݵҪֳ楿ȴܴ˺üζûѡ
ߵŮæҶһ۷ɹȥŵĸҲ˵˺档
һᣬҪŹˣɿ֣һСĲˤҺüʱסߵӡȥ֪ö˿Ц
ʱԾɺԼ档
楻һ󣺡ʲôΪԼǰһò绨𣿡
ŭӿ޲ҲɺҶһԱ޴֡
ͺ楣㵨죬ҿǾ㾹Ҷ񣡡
ЦЦŸѽˣҲͲˡȷǾȴʵϲ㣬̫ҲԸ㣬һªĿһĳûиӰģкξ壿
㡭㡭˵
ôңô
楼㻹ȡҴΪ̫ǻʺĴΣѵڵĴ㿴⸱ӡ˹֪֮ȴԾɳ롣̫Ӵδϲ㣬ȴˡ̫ϲˣʶˣ̳ǸλãͶͱʲôܺЩòĹ𣿡
㣬ûˣֻ㻹ƤĻţ˵ĶҲԼ䲻䡣㿴Լ̫ˡ֪㼵޴㣬ңأҲֻڰＵޣȻӲдҲҵӡ㲻֪ÿҿ⸱ӣЦȰ㻹ЩصҸԼˣ涪ۡ
ü۽ǾǳƮƮƳһۣңȥ𴦰գһ⸱Ӿͺ£һجξͲˡ
סЦá
̨ףģе楣ҾŹ㣡ˣҲҪ汳ģ
ҵĲ˳ӻڵء
Ůɪɪ
ݺݸһǶ⣺
楣һ³ң
ߵԶСΪҪŭڸǸӣһպ˵ô죿
䴽ް
Ҷԭǹ⼤ŭģ
Цͺ޲ȥŭףѵüμᣬȻҪúðջᡣ
Ҫʲôѽ
極ȵȿա




195 ȹ֮
 

ڻʵ۵ϣ˲ٹͣǵ˴¼ݵʱ˻Ǵһ
û뵽Ȼμᣬ⵹ǺټġʶģǵĿ䵽ϣɳΪ楡
ȻЩЩﲻҺͳϹϵǲòϣòȺʹòٹﴺȶԣǻЩĽ極ģĽиԸ໤Ľܰ¹ɰĳ·
ܱô룬楴󷽷ݸһЦ౨֮һЦȻڿİŮӡ
ǰ̫ڳûֻ·ȥбϯˡ
һߣȺַͷǲҵǰ˵ֻ˽
Ҳ̫̫ˣǣĸɣĽ½۵ʱ򣬺޲ÿ˼Һ棬ںͳֵüĿ飬ϹϷ˾ȻҲ°ܻŷ𣿡
С㣬λײǵġ
ҲֻܿŮҵÿһ߱治֪ôŮġ
ǻŮĽݹȻͬ壬翪ţλܺһȥս̣ȶԶ˽ŮȻҲˡ
СֹǻҺһ£Ѿˡ
Ů޲űǵ£úڼ廨ôսʧҲѹֻŮ˵ţȴǲ룬楺СʱԾˣԽŮأ
˵ˣЩ˾ǼʣͬΪŮӣΪǹЩŮȴܻô⡣
䲻ǱµӣҲȢʲôﲻУôƫƫΪҪˣҲµ¡
ߣΪʲôȻṴˣҿɱȲôš
δ˵꣬һĿɨӹ˶սͣȴЦЦĿǡ
ΣȻǵۣǻǾ顣
ܿ죬楾ƿĿ⣬ٲǰУԵõͷ羰
ܲµЩʲô޷Ǽʱˣȴֲ޷һˡ
һڣôЩ˼ҵķС㣬ȴѧǵȳ฾ҽǽüôЩ˿оͳ˲عˡ
ҶЦԼ³µݸԼ鷳ԶԶأƫƫּʳ¶ǹһƬġЩ̫ˡ
ԺӵķʢһЦҾڻڹ֮ͬʱѾԤϵһˣֲûҲֻ˽ۣǰҪЦѽЩڷ̫ˣԾͼñŮӹڡˣֵҷ˼
ҶЦ˵ǣǾǼԺĽݹ֪ˣԲġ
ߺĽݹʹ󾰺ܲһ𣿡
ҶŮ֮ûϿ̶ѣ˳ȻأܶҲ
ЦһۣҶ̱졣
Ǳ֪˵Щһġ
ЦĽݹ󾰵ȷͬҵֺˡ
ѹ˳ֱӵ󾰴ɱȷ󾰹ͬ
˵ţȴӼеˡ
һһӣỹ֡
Ǳ߿һۣǣ߰ա
һ۾Ϳ楣һᣬȥбϯ
˺ѵ幫ʵǺˣ
Ц󾰣ûҲӣһֱھǣܵʥġ
幫̫ôЩƣէһΪ͵ۺϲء
ͲʲôһյŮӣ񿴵Уֶˣʲô֣
λعĻռС
С幫׽֣ЦݲȻǸ֡
ֺҲĺÿ
һѩɫۣͷڣ˵ٷһǷƫƫһ˫˵۾էһǸĿ꣬ϸһǸӡ
幫ֻΪòѾҵѰû뵽һУ£ǧ
˼ֻ᲻ֿ˼Уĵ˶ܳΪȹ֮ͺˡ
ԭģٻ֮ԭҲȱĺÿ
ʶʵ֪λӿȢޣ
һλҲʵֱ̫״ˡתһ룬ǲԭģ뺷ûԭЩӵ񷨹أЩġ
˼ˣЦӯӯλӻûȢޡ
Ҳûδ𣿡УҲ취
Ȼûеġ
幫Цû뵽òȻδȢޡϧôڵӶģҪ޸Ǹƽƽ
˼ˣˡ
˲˵ˣǿɲ幫һĿŵۼе¡
幫һһǼУ㣬ͻȻǷ˵Ķӣ
ǡǰɫŹֵĵ
ĸ
ʵģ󾰳˼ͼһм
幫˼תֽź˷ܡ
󾰵ţձȨһ͵۶ʮּɵô֣γ޷̤ƽ󾰣ʱͿڴΪΪˡ
ʮͼҵıȨ
幫ԽԽҪȥ£Ȼܵõо͸ˡ
ЦͻȻЩҪȥȥͻأλԱ㡣
˵ţ뿪ˡ
Էܴ󣬾ˣ£·ϵʯͷҲǲɾĥãСڵϵģЩƵĳȺ͵·
̫ϤҪŮ·ҵӡ
ŮСѣСĽ¡
һֵ̨ףū澷
幫Ů΢ķ̣ڱȻƣȴȲڴ̶ʱչþ¡
̧°ָָͣǰϼƵһƬǱʲô
ŮعǱǺһһ֣Ǵһʢȵʱ򣬺ɻҲˣǹȤδͻ
幫ȥǱ߿
ŮӷɿһĨǡ
Сĸ幫ߣ߽һ֡
һƣïʢúԶŵһ΢紵Ʈ꣬ڵסߣǰӰӰ´һ˫ӰӰӳˮ棬һһµĻζš
Լ䣬ƺ˵
幫һ֧һǰʲôˣ
˵ţ߽Щ
ŮϽҪȥѰǿЩȥա
幫ɵĶϳǰˡ
˵ţŮȰ˵߽Щ
ǸӣͷһⲻſļúϣӰϡ֮ʲôΣԱǸŮӡ
۾ǸŮӣȴǿŮһͷī˿ɫ黨ɴ¶ˮٺȹ
ôͼڴ˴Ļ᣿
һϸ˵̸
Ůƺ¾楺ͼУȰ뿪
ʱ𣺡Ҳ˴ͻ𣿡
һЦͻҿû¡ߣʲôܼأ
極˵Цˣ˵ˣԶһЩȴ˵Щ̫ʧ𣿡
˵ʵд΢̣楣Ҳôˡ
һ䣬üӴԺ⣿
иֶϷ֮⣺ʲô˼㲻楣۳òҲΪοأѵôãֵһУ
極ǰĳƷòֻҪָǧǧŮ㣬ΪҪִأ
ЦһʲôܸʲôΪأ
ôʲôأͼʮȨֻϧҶȨûȤӻѡ˰աȨƵλ




196 Ȱ˵
 

еһλʲôأֻǸɢүһǱ˼ɵɢүһʲôýͼȻͬ²ģȴԶڱأر¾ԼͼҶ֣ҲΪԣǳΪҵ˶֣㲻κˣǰһ
極лΪ룬ֻҶ⣬ӻǲҪ˷ʱˡŹѡίʵǲʡ
ִŵûʲôʵģⲻܾҵĽڰˡ
ɫ䣺Ȼʲôֺ֪α˷ѿࣿҶڴ˶ίʵʣиˡ
楡ǰ㵱Ҫѡ
楳һѾӦʳԡ
еֻҪǻûʽ£֮Լ׼ֻҪ룬Ƿӽ
ӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
Цһͽйһûʼжء
գ
̧Ϊ·ϵһʺ㣬㿼
üۼо֮⣬Ĭ
幫ԶһĻ˵ĶԻڶУһ¾Ż꣬һ
楰楣ϱǲгôҿϵˣԭΪǸҹ㣬û뵽ҲǸĺ֮ˣųС
ƾʲôƾʲôڵӶ楣幫ݺݵضһգ
楣ǼлǳΪȹ֮Ҳġ
ҲͰˣȰסУϾͼʮȨ˵ĺܣ
ֿһᣬ߰գȥѰ硣
Ů΢ɲĹ˹ĵǡ
ϰ֮ˣĿȻͷ幫ڲԶ͵͵ˡ幫ԶָֻĵģЦݴżаϷҪαң
Ƴһۣβ𣺡ⲻԸ𣿡
з˷ϵĻ꣬ЦЦҲԸϷԾзҡãԽԽƻˣȻͷˡ
򴽣֪Ҫ㣿
ָָԼǴǴһƷ¥˵ЩҾ֪ʲô⡣Ҳգ˰ﵽף䲻֪ʱˣء
̾һԭôͱ¶ˣӹǴ
кɵĶ㲻ֻҪ幫Ϸļ֮ô򵥰գ
ЦȻѾ֪ˣҲ̹ˣҪ˵㡣
ǳ˳飺𣿡
ȻˣӵİҪȡǿɾ͸ˡ
п˼־裺Ҫʲô
ЦеӺ˰ˡ
һ㶣һſʵ׺˼֣Ҫ幫
üɲô˵ôأֻҪԱһվջķء幫˳ֶѡ
´һᣬһ楣֪ϲ㣬ҪҶԱŮܹݣ㻹Ǻ㡣
楲Ϊ⣺˻ΪŴ鷳ˣҲһССæ㾹ҲԸ⡣
εЦЦãҰ㣬Ҫʲô
極ԣǲᰲر֡ƫһģζԭԭûʲôϵӵҺף˵һƲءˣҾͲӲȻҪЩһѵӸҰĲҲ幫һȥˣΰǵӪôһͬ췴
˼һ˲幫֡

ôȷϵ
極ʱյĹ۲죬Ҵ˽幫ԸҲȥƲ˹幫¡幫ȻǸŮӣϲɫȨټϱƷףӲںʲôڡȻһӣǱƻʵ۵ŮҲǴС£ƻʵۺǳ谮ȻǷϵͲȷˡ
ǣòԭϲʿ͹ӶΪԣ֮䣬ȡôǿջͶӡԼ棬ûһʧܵģŵ˵ֻҪָЩӾͶƴӡ
ö֮Խ⣬ΪûĸӲ᳼֮䣬ҲΪ˻ȡ棬Ҳһ֤ķΪûĸӲϲķ޸ãͻ⹴ŮӵɷɷΪԼӣ˼Ҽ֧ͥ飬ͳȥЦ
󾰣ԾΪ˭Ϊԣ㡣ǳȴٴɫ߳ŭǨŭңǲġֿӣȴƫƫ˷һϷΪ˰һ֣ҲΪ˵õͼҵ֧֣һʹ㡣վ飬ΪֻҪԵ㣬ͻĸԸĽͼұȨԣֻʵʾһܽԼȥȻˮɵġ
ԣȻƬ̣ͻȻֲ֧
楿Цʲô
ȭͷŴȼЦ֪δ޸ôඥñӣʲôӦ
΢Цǰ幫Ը޸𣿵Ǳ´ͻ飬ܷڣֻҪúûţͱޡ
һЦݣԺ⣿
極üûʲôһ˵
һ˵ɲšеڴʲô⣿
ֽ̧һƬ꣬ɰ׵ĲȾɵĺɫ벻ɣҪӵıˡ
ںδ幫ҴҸϵˡ
һţ洫һֵ幫һ˲֪淢ʲôһ˦ӣŮˣȻȥա
Ůһ۴Ӱŵˡ
ŮһԶ幫ţ磬ҪҪ顣
ͻȻֹͣãŲű򿪡
·бһۣʲôҪʱҡ
幫濴ȥȻһŮɫһ䣺磬ﲻǱƣô󾰹ͣ˷ô죿
ӻӻ֣Ůӳҭҭ˳ȥ
ק幫棬Цʲôٰᣬǳģôҵ
幫õǹƻĺ𣿡
Ħ°ͣŷŵ龰ԭĹͲԭǲһƤְֻҲÿһϣЩҵǵ˺üҲ֪楡
磡幫ϡ
һѣÿǹ㣿ģ۶ŮˣﶼȲһָͷ
幫һۣз飺ǻ𣿡
ӵ֪ôŮˣ̤ƽ󾰣ҪУʱôĥôĥ
ֻ楣еĹ룬˿ΪԼô֪ܣΪڱǺ¡
幫ϿһڣȻҪ׶ԡ
幫˵ģڡ
ӱԳҪֵʱ幫ֹȱæҪҪ˵
ͣ¶ʲô£
幫֪󾰵
һᣬŵĴ˵ձȨô󾰻ʵ۵Ρ
幫ҡҡͷֻǱ϶ѣţ󾰻ʵۿΪɵ룬һرֲھǣǻʵ𣿡
Цǲġ
幫Цԣ⣿
ӱɵС裬˼ǣ£
幫ľҽ˭
üһЦ
ӼСżжھˣ󾰻ʵۻȥ˵Ϊʲô
˼Ƭ̣Цԭ˰󾰻ʵ۹ǶԼͼҺܲΣ¼еʣҲ֪һ㣬ȴǲܽԼӽӻȥ
幫ɫݺ䣺пòãʣͳ¡
ӹһЦԭǿСˣǳô죿
幫һһЦ⣺˱ǼиãֻȰŵһˣȵ̤ƽ󾰣ٰȥͺˣ
ô˵ԵУ
幫̳粻֪Ǹ楺һ㣬ҿϵҪһֹ˼УҷŹʱ򣬿ڱų˽ᡣ
£Ӿô󾰺ܿܳΪ֮ˣȻȻİ楿ŭ
幫޺޵ҵҪ˭ù˭ҿϵˣûһӹҵģҾͲұȲбҵģ
һֱ幫˵ı£幫ļЦͿˣܰһʹ󾰻ʵ۵ĹϵȻԸȰ׷ҡ˼ͼ֧֣Ȼǵˡ
ǽأ幫־ڱصã磬ڴ󾰲ʱˣҺһܿҪرƣ楺һ£ˡ߻ʵָһλܳĹδõ
ӳ˼Ĵ鶨ںʱ
ʵΪۿҺ飬ѡӣа¾Ǵ֮ա
һ󣬳󾰻ʵ۵ȷʾϣջرƣüҪֱӸҴͻ顣
幫ģҪξõ𣿡
Цˣ
幫Ц˶࣬Ǻûô˿ţҲüޡ
ĿУˣǵòʧ
幫мһˣǸСŮӰˣʲôļƣܱȵù𣿡
Ӻ˺ָΪ־ͽȥˡ
幫һֻӣ³֮лң
ͷһЦߵߣ֮ϡ
һʱ幫һ·ˮҵ楡
楲źۼĴһ˲΢΢䴽칫ǶȴһԼȥˣ÷÷
ҲЦŸͣ˵ǣ幫ˣǸ÷
幫ʮˬ죬һֵþ
㣬ŮͶ̹ˣһֻƺ;Ʊ
幫ѹ¶極ļޣ磺ԷǸλˡ
˵ţȻ󽫾Ʊ£Ӳ˲촽
˲Сڣ˿˼ӣ˵ĺøС
͵á
幫ߵߣЦҿڣڱƳ磬˭ҲȲҵľ
¶棬пǸˬŮӣλԼ㡣
幫ǵŮӾܺãûʲôֵó޵ġǺ棬ҿ˴ӱƴЩҾƣԳһ
ЦžܾҾãôõľҲ̣ˡ
幫̵ʲôҾƶǣȥ˱ƣЩ̣
䣬˶ĿǾȡ
楲Ǿܾӵ幫⻰ʲô˼
幫һ޹ԡԲס˵ˡ̫ϲˣȲҵɩ
һƬϣ᲻֪лɽӣһȥƼʶһġ
幫ϲǱкܶģȥһڵģ˵ء
ֻǵлһȥ
ǰȱƱ谭ɲȥȥô
幫һ楼޸ӣʱ䲻ˣܴʧЩҪ˵
Щ⡣ǵá
龰ʶȤˡ
΢Цڿ˵ˡ
幫ӻ֣Ůǲظš
˼ŮȻܴŮҲҶ˵Űա
ҶźۼĵͷסҪ˵ҡ
楺幫߳ˮ鿣е֮ϣϲɫһشػ׺䣬Ρ΢紵ˮʮˬ
˲Уߵķ羰һᣬʵҪ˵ʲô
幫ȥ֮ǰĴֱʣЦ治Ը޸𣿡
楴΢Ѿ˵ĺˣӣѰ˰ա
幫Цϲǳ𣿡
ûзϣѾ˵𣿡
幫зɿһĨߺޣӯӯǳЦµȷǻӵܣ󣬿ǳһݣܸʲôأ
ü΢ŮӶԣݲҪҪӵˡ
ŶΪõˣ
Ц幫ֻĬˣϵЦʮִۡ
ЩãȴûбֳΪôǳŮӡ
楾ЦЦ˻
幫һֻ꣺ҲǳҴ壬ͻҹϵУ˵ӦüʶӹǣôŮ֮أѵ㿴˵Ʊģɿġ
¶죺Ӳɿʲôסأ
ȻϵȨ͵λ幫ԥ
ЦЦϵȨ͵λ
幫ϴ˼̰ǣֻеõߵȨƵλɿġ޸ܵõʲôأͷݣķͼɵߣϲ㣬һʮꡭһֱֻ𣿲ܿͻᰮŮӡҵĸףȢʱ򣬳ŵԶǸʱһ仰Ҳ˵ҺܿͰ˸Ϊ˲͸ŮӡõʱҲʵ谮꣬ǺܿͽԺԣνסģŮڣҪסȨʱ˶Ľ¡
ͣ½ŲŲԵˮ㣺ŶҸô
ȻǼ޸硣һڸģҲܸصģֻҪ޸ܴж֣ҲΪʺ󣬳Ϊ߹ŮˡЩǳ޷ġȻϲǵǿһ幫
楲Ц
һ仰ɫһѿȻ취ѵһǰ幫
ͼ̻δޣǾԲ̵ġ
Ҳʵ幫Ĵ󵨣ȷǲͬףһŮӴͬ
楳ٳٲ幫ô˵
ϵȨ͵λΪ߹Ůˣ楿幫ЦⲻҲ˵õ𣿡
幫һ㶣ЦôֻҪܵõԼҪľͺáһҪˣǱȳֵ
楾þòԣòЦΣҲϡ
幫ɫݣҿĵȰ㣬㵱治Ը޸磿
磿ҲЦݣкŵ䳰ҿɰգ




197 ̫һ
 

幫ɫһ䣺ԣ
Цţԣڹʲôˣ˵ЩʱǴ󵨵ĺء
㡪幫ȻǱϴһΪ࣬ȴֱ˵ˣϲ˼ѿŭҵļҽ𣿻˵ſķźǸ̫Ľ㣬ҷ
ЦôֻݹٷŻյ𣿷幫˵Ƿʱ򣬿ǺµģôҺأ
幫ǸŰˣ󾰺Ƣ楼ŭʶҪȥĳޣȴ˸ա
Ȼ⼸컻ԭŮӵȹΪڸĿûдޡ
ƼĶЦҲ޴Щūһ𣿡
幫Цˣô˵ҲҹŮڳԣ̫ͱµҲ֡
ɫŶ𣿡
Ȼ幫̧°ͣò˵ʵǲʶôҺĺȰ˵㣬ȴ顣
΢ЦǸҶ˵Ļʺ֮λûȤûȤ
˵ţ;ٲǰС
幫Сˣ֪ĻǶࡣǼ޸Ҳû㣬Ůڶ࣬ҲǸˣ˭ܶҡʺλأ
楻ͷ幫ôҼ޸磬ǳʲôĿģ
幫ǰһֻҪӦ޸磬Ҿͻȫ㣬ģúô㣬Ļʺ󡣡
һЦҡ׵һǲԸ⡣
幫Щż㻹ʲôᣬֻҪ̫֣ǶܴӦ㡣
ӭŴ磬ǰï֣ܵ̾ϢһͲҪȰˣ֪ΪβԸ𣿡
幫΢ɵΪΣ
Цݶ˼аΪ糤̫ˡ
ĿΣˮӰ̾һҲ˵ҵţȻԸίԼһòª³ӡ񣬶ĶţҾֻгƥ䣬ȻԸ޸ˡһ㣬ҺִţȢòŮӵĺԸΪŮȻҲѰһɾֻܹһˡ࣬Ӳȥһˣ˵ȢһѹŮ˳ѽá
楷ǹģ˭֪ƵͷѣҲͬƣ幫վǳס楣ˣң㿴ҼȰ˵㣬ܵǲǣ
Цù˵㲻䷳һֱڰʾҡʾҼ޸ӵĺôδᣬұû˵ĺ棬ҵʲôִֵţҪҺײɣ
幫Ȼֱ˵ˣһ޸ˡ
ǵõļƻҪʧˡ
ˣ͸Ҫ취õˡ
ݺݵһۣˡ
˵ˣо仰һ¡極
幫Ц˵ʲô
楻ŵ㣬Ҳƺӳˮ幫˴󾰣Ҫش󾰵ĹءϾ󾰿ɲһôͬףΪδʼ棬ЩΪãøѿ
ᣬ幫˶⣬һ˵ʲôҿ
楸̾ʵ֪ҲûʲôΪ˱ȫԼ棬ҲΪƽҲҪ踺ء
踺ءĸ֣幫ͷһѵ楻֪£
вмƽӹġֻ֪ھҡβ͵ˣƲϵġ
Ȼ֪ǹ֪һ䲻գ
幫˵ʲô
ЦЦģȷü޸ίˡ




198 ߳ŭ
 

幫һ
΢Ц֪ãʲô㣿ǼлǳǡЩˡ
幫עʲô׺͹˵һξ衣ҧ楣Щ²ùܵġ
Ц˵ǣϲ˭Ըʲô˾ȷ޹أֻо仰Ҫ㡣
幫ü㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
ɫȴ幫һ޵ĳ
ԭо仰˹֪֪֮ʲô˼
幫ȼһشػ磬
̫̾ˣΪȫµ˶Ϊȹ֮Ʋкͳ֮⼸һ䲻ϡ˵ףҴĹӣҲ䲻ϵġ
㡪幫ŭգʲôһٶǿڱº̫֣㲻Ҫ֪ô
ЦЦʲôݣ˶ͬģʲôݣЩҲֻò𴩰ˡǱƹͷ湫ǼٹʮҪ
幫ŭ֪ʲô
֪ʲôﲻǺôó裬ĸٳٻ˼ңףٰĻӡǲȢ㣬ȢׯҹŮҲǴ´ġ幫˵ˣ㲢Ǳƻʵ۵Ůĸ΢ҲͰˡϾͳŮҵƷвҪġʣƷΣһ˾ɷˣĸӣ
楳ָ幫ΪŭɫѸǺ죺楣˵ңܱҺõȥѾͳһ𣬻żвţǸˣ
楺߳ŭӣһЦǼԼԸģҲû취ѽ㲻ģԵΪο㡣һҪ㣬Ҫ׵ˣĪҪüΪǸˮŮӡ
ҿǽֻ̤幫̵ҵ뿴ǳ֪ͼв岻ο㡣
ü΢Σ㶼ûлõۿġ
һ̣幫еͲм񣬾ǿʲôණ
޲ɱ楣Ҫú楡ʲôôܱ߹ΣС谮Ĺ
֪ѾڱŭıԵֵһ˸߲߹޹ݣƷһͽйݣһЩ֪ܵ£Ǳκ˶Ҫ¼һתЦңҪЩҹ˶ݹء




199 Ͷãһ
 

楶Ҫ˵Цҿûк˵ҪôѫҪô壬ĸҲǳԴ˼ңС޹ţʵҲȹ٣ǿɱЩҪӡǶ㹧ģǲܵ⣿ʵ˵ֻǿϳΪķϣƽķϣԸ²ģʵϣ˽ﵽο㣬Ͳһˡ
ֻǱƹǴ󾰹ʵȫԲضôϹϾϾҪΪµĶϱˣ˴󾰻ҵˣǲŻؾڵõеĹά𾴶ⳡ״ģ𣿡
幫ҧгݣ˵ĺеһʱ벻ʲô
ЦȻ幫һӶҪڴˣðر֣Ϊ׹ݣҲΪģڴĺܺáǣԺӿ¾ѹˡ
ܿ󾰾Ҫĳˣӻܺùġ幫ǿûŭ
ˣһЩʱգȱԭһ죬һҪúĥ楣һѩǰܣ
̣ѵǣ֪ˡ
۲׾ͺá
һϮվԼǰʮؾǾǷƷ·ž·ĻƣҲ˿һõģȴԵ񻣬ԣһ˫۾ȴ¶ЩġһЦ֦ͷʢһҪѤ֡
ƫ⸱ģֲף˭ܸܵɢĸ߹󡣿ʱȴô˿׵۹⡣
˼ˣ幫Ҳ˼˼֣֪׸þ߹ţǸ˵ԣǵΪ
֮;ǵĴҹǲͬģͼлῴҲ޵
뵽楷Ƿ幫ֻеŭȼòϣ楴ʹ
ٵģȫǼٵģЩ˸ʵЩҲϲֻΪʳɫҲֿסջˡΪԼʱȴܱĶʲôеˡ
ͼ֮󣬲֪ʲôѹӡһԱȣΪɹձԵãһЦ
һζûģ׵õڣеĿôϣ
ͻȻԼƺУЩҲĺܣȴˡ
һֱڼ߹ЩԱת˲ʧˣת˶楸ļ޺Թ
Ϊ楽ҿʵ࣬ʶԼĿΪ楸߳һأƲ楣ʵСʮֿЦ
εŮӣһ楾ͻ뵽ĹһҪɱ楣
Ҫ楱úһ۲楾ûʸЦˡ
ЦЩſ񣺡楣̫⣬һҲᡭ
極ϣ֪ʲô
幫ɫԸԸ⣬Ҫ޸硣
˵ˣֻǵõҲţΪЧ
ʱ˲ֻ࣬취楳ΪӵˣȻٺ楣в楣ʹ楲òӡ
üһƳ׳ӴӼɽµ幫
幫ָָ楣͵ӷЩ˷֡
Ӧˣ
ɫƽ幫ĸô𣿡
幫Цһ֪󾰻ʵǾ׵ģֲӦû취ֻܳ²ˡɲҪң˭ǿأģֻҪԹúöԴġ
楲Ųæ˹ŶôģƺˣֻϹˡ
幫֣ߣ
Ĵ׳ĻƺֻҪ켸ָܽԸ楸ɱţ
幫ЦһĻȲ뿴楱衣
һ̣Цˣδ極һͷͺȻأ۾ɵúܴ󣬶幫
幫ŵ˺һɫף˭˭
δӦߴӰӺɹһһǯס
幫󾪣ţ˿߸ݣȴܴʹˡ
΢ЦԪ磬úܺá
Ԫ֣幫Խˣ߸һˣԪ磡
ԭǳ極ģ
楣ң
ɵ˵ʲôûж˼ᱻҲ֮֮ѡ
幫޼֪
΢΢Ц̾幫뺦ңҲҪǸ¡ֻ˵ˣҪΪҺͱЩƵһں֮ǰûȥҵ𣿴ʼգҴδŹ㣬ÿҳڰڱңԣʹʲôֶΣ޼¡ȻڹУ˱ʤ㣬ֻҲǺãġ
楺εĳ幫ҧŴһ˿Ѫ楣㲻ҪϾˣı㵣𣿡
ҡͷ˵Ĳҵȷɱ㣬ǲһݴ񡣡
幫ͷһݣɫҪʲô
᣺Źһϲɫ󾰣ǲ֪иϷݣȫòΡεСɾдͣȻҪͶã˵ǲǣ
幫ŵĿ楣û뵽Ҳһ졣Ȼ࣬ǾҪȥСҲӦԼѡΪȥ
Ҫȴǰһڣεˡ
Ԫջ֣ȥ
ףʵأ
ԪӣٺЦڡ
δ˵꣬ẬЦ𣺡Ѱң
Ԫ繰˹֣ιȥ幫ˡ
һϮ°ɫۣףǺ楽յ·䡣
ߵǰķ˷ͷ˼繣˵ʲô
ЦԺλջȰҼ޸Ȼ󡪡
Ȼʲô
ΣͻȻЦ˼Ȼһͬףÿʱһ㡣
ӳȥ




200 Ѱ֣
 

ҡ᲻صҧһ¡
ɫЦ
΢գԽˡ
楳۽ţҫ¶һ⣺˵Цġ
һüô˵Ц
㣬ԽЦҲ˵˵ѡ
Ծɳ˵˵ҲС
קקӣˣ
ûС̾һ콫뻳У楣Ⱳֻҵˡ
Թдһ˿ζ
彩˽̾Ϣֻ̧رס֪
̫ˡԾвƽ
ЦЩ˲Ұˣ벻ҵۡ
ĬĬôأʲôˣ
΢Ȼ΢Ц˵ʵҲ󾰳ҵڵӣ幫һ۾ͿΪ档
ֱСӣأ˭ã
楣
楳ٳٲϸ֣ش𡣡
ֻܵ㲻ֲ١
Ƶأһû뵽ô֪һܵ⡣
ʧЦֻԹߵݣʵʵ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪楶ԼûŮ֮飬ﻹǳζ룬ÿʱÿ̽楴Լ߾ͺˣֻһˡҲ֪楲񣬲ڷ֮ء
ʱҲἵʣ½ô꣬þǻ飬޲˶֪⡣ѾãҲ֮ǰôˡ
ľ̰õһβõ࣬ó׾ΪС
楡ƣϣҲǴȵˡԣǱҪҪУһֱͼı졣
֪ͼе±֪ˣЦҪ
¾ҵ£ʲô¾ܸңȥ
ټǿƵ񣬿˵ʱǺġһ뵽꣬һľˣͷá
Ļشʮ⣬ȻǺҪġ
һ뵽Ϸ˺䡡u֮ҪŬ
㽫幫͵ϷݣֻΪ𣿡
Цأ
һƬ꣬̾»ûʶ幫Ŀգ
עĲգ΢΢һЦˡ˲ʱˣǸûȥˡ
˵ţҪִ֡
ȵȡ楽ס

楰͸ŵĺΣóһֻɰݸ
¶ϲ楡
ٳٲӣϣˣûȥˡ
楡ס֣ǣһĨÿĻȣϡ
˵ţֽɰġ
¶Σ楲ܾ̾
ˣôãΪЩСʲôء
ȻͷΪϵúɰ֪ǲĴĵ幤
ϵúƽīɫӣָϣо˺춹΢̡Խ᣺ˡ
һֱǣ֣һֱ˶ĵطŷֿ
ٱ֮ʱ極
΢Цһᰲźõġ
˼һ˻幫ȥֻ˵幫һŮˣ֪ȥ˺δ
û׷ʣϾҲôϲĹ
бϯһڱϯͻδ޾ٰᣬȻܺܶĿġ
ϲ幫ᷳΪ˾ĴҵֻܡֻϣྴҲͰˣȱûüֵ幫Ȼԡšˡ
ЩߵĻҴܵߣ˵ʲô
¾Ʊƺû׹⻰˼
˵ʲô
ǡϷݣ˿˸ƺƽķȥˡ²ģһ·β棬ȻȻ幫װϷݡ




201 Эģ
 

Ȼ֪ϷʲôطŴԣʱŭȻ
һţͻȻԭأɫҲء
ɻ£ôˣ
ϯλϣ˼
ǴˣէһԼδȥϷݣ˭ŭϸ룬е֡
幫ٰģôˣȥѰ֣Ҳߣ¹ؾӵĺ幫ΪҲȥұˣѿ
˼ˣʻǸ˾幫
£ǧȷ¿幫ȥƽķ¾˱ˣ͵͵ȥ¿幫ϷݣҲһ΢᲻ܽȥֻܸϽˡ£⡭ɲʲôС£ҪҪȥȰ
²ԡȥһʣ幫Էǰʲô˭һ𡣡
Ӧȥˡ
ܿʹˣ£ʹˣ幫һֱ԰λлڼʲôȥѰӣֺһ˵ǡȥʱֻһˣ幫ֻ˵ŮҴҽ幫ˣǳʲô¡
ü
幫ǰǺһģ幫ʲôҪͿ˵Ŀ
ûж룬Ͷġ
ΪģΪǱߵˣȻĵˡΪ˴ѹˣȻҪ鷳ȴ幫ȥϷݣΪΣ
ҲҪƻӺ;ˡ
ɡ
ɫѿΪҲԣκһӣӰȥѰСݹݣŭġ
С̽ŵ£ҪҪӻ
²ִ󡣡ɲ붪ˡ
»ĵش
Цһ楼Ȼǹ⽫幫ȥϷݣ״𣿡
ֻ¹˶ãͻ˾֪ʱӣ֮ҲᱻѺۡ
ͷ¾øν
ɫָһ
ǡڴʱŮǰ߹̧ͷ
ᣬָһŮ
幫楹һվͤͻҷ߷ߵǸ幫Ȼ⣬ڹ׼߶Ȼˡ
΢΢һЦ·δȻûġ
ӶȢ˼һֱڷˡҪȢȻǱоģܾˣԷҲưոݡȥϢ˸˰б粽롣γμᣬȻҲˡ
Ȼ幫Ȳˡ
ҵĴӾڰºһΪ˺ӵĺ幫ɻأ
ЦףǰΪ˾ȷ踺ء
һΪʲô
˵ţһŮ˹Щū澰ݼ
ƺЩ졣
Ǻˣ
ŮС·Ըūҵū뿤ȥһ𡣡
Ȼˡ
֮С楻ǹɻ󣺡ںδ
ŮŤͷһָǱߵС롣
楷ԶȻǰһƬ֣ΣڷҡΣԶԶؿţһƬƮƮȥ
ף֪ˣȻȥ
Ů͵ӣˡ
ҶһЦھ͹ȥգȻµżˡ
ʰ£߰ա
ںһ£Цʲô
ҶסЦ㿴ǰһƬ̣ڵ顣
һ漴ҲЦǰ幫ôȾͷɲֹһƬҶ
楻ͷĿ⵭Ȼ
˸Ͻס͡
˵ĲȻȼˣΪ楻Ὣ幫ȥϷݵϢɢȥ
極ЫĳܻܿᰲȥΧۣۼ幫Ϸݹ죬ʱɾͶˡ
ò˵ʵˣû㽫ֵ
ΪһˣҲûȻҲǹ
ǰ洩ɫµӰ楷˽Ų
ҲĶתͷĿк⣬ЩΡ
ǰʩһ񣺡£֪½ǰΪ£
⸱޹Цͺӿ楣Ȱ֣Ҿ͵֪£ƽϣҲ棡
һ⣺£˵ʲôʵǲס
Цݼ楣ֻˣͲҪϷˡ
楴ϸһĨ΢Ц²ûϤԵĳ̶ȣ½ҹΪ幫գ
楣㲻ҪװͿȰϽ˳ȥҪɲصľ棡
΢Ц£幫δޣʲôõĽ˵Ҳ㣬кθϵ
Цһ֮ȷǵжԵģ幫ϾǱ׵ģ𺦵Ĳֻҵ棬д󾰻ҵ棬Ǹ֪һմŭһ˳£ʱ鵽ϣƻף̫Ӷûкô¹ػʼ棬ƽøʻĹ楣㽫幫ȥϷݣ˸£ûаôʵ֮ŭȰϽ֣Ī
ЦΪԼ治𣬺α˵ôûʡĺˣҰŵĺܣ֪Ƶġ˵ЩϽ취幫Щãʱ䳤˾ˡ
ŭЦֶλǱɡ
Ц
޺޵ֶΣôܻñ幫Ϸݣ
üȻֺ֪α˵ЩѵΪƾͿҷǸþԸͷĺûᣬȻܷŹܿ죬幫ȥϷѰֵϢͻᴫ˾֪ʱȻھȻ󲨡ķҲ֪»᲻һֱ踺أٰü
楣ҺԺȰ֣㲻ҪƲԳԷơŭ档
Цüô
˵ţһۣҶɷһ㱣ߡ
ɫǿƽ楣㲻Ҫ˶ɵӡ߹ûвμᣬ˻ңд£
ϵЦʧвңҪʲô
Цһ⻰˵ˣԩ޳ôẦǣֻǱϾֻ޸֮ŮӣһǴ˼ҳģ˵ʲôٷˣһΣձ߾ͲˡǱҲˣֻ»ҵ
Ŀзһâ˵ĺҲضá
ǸѧġȻִⲻ֣Ǿܾ˰ա֪Ϊ˴ﵽĿģ˺߹ǻ᲻Ὣ㵱һˣ
˶Ƭֻ̣ЭãҴӦ㡣
˿ȴЦĵ⣺Ͷˣɱһǧ˰٣಻㡣Ȼ˾͸ϽԸ㰲Ϸݵ˳ȻҲͲˡ
ﴽҼȻӦ㣬ͲᷴڡҵΪֹ˺ˣܽ幫ˣȻҲܽץ
ЦȻ
˵ţԸԸȥǼˡ
ӦһˡֻŻ楣ʵûаȥЮֽϺ濡
Цݱ䣬ҶЩˣεļƻȡգǶ
Ҷҧҧ¶ʣһۣǡ
˵꣬Ҳˡ
ȻҶɵһۣ楹⽫幫ϷݵԵŲɡ
ڻΪ幫ȥϷΪ棬ƻӵˣýϺв楣ɹʹ幫
ЦЦʱ幫أҷһʱҲԸǵȥΪá
ţֻҪ˲˵ͺá
楿ıӰ£һ£Ҫ㡣
ͷƺ˵ô
Цҽ幫ȥϷҲϾ
δ˵꣬۵ȴŨŨļڽ
ü楣ײĻ̷ȥ
幫£Ͳͷˡ
ҼԶˣߣһȻΪ˺߹вЦ
極ЦΪա
ȢôһĹҲıӦ֪幫ʲôˣҲֻȢ
һƬŨͶһƬӰʹô˴Խˡ䣬ȥա
極ͷˣ
˶ҡͷˣ֪
ټкˣִ򷭴̳ӡ
Ϸݡ
幫Σʱˡ
۾ͷʹѣǰΣ֪ںδ
һźĺȹηĸվǰϴŨҵ֬㣬Ǻֱԡ
ãͷʹˣʶԾ¾ţ¿˿ڵϣֽŶסˣͶá
䲼õĺܾ£ǰɴʺ㼸ϵ㣬мݽεĹվǰЦĿɫƮԽԵôɫ컡
ɳƣǺδʲôˣ
η˦ӣЦĹû˵𣿡
幫ҧô楣
楾Ȼĸô
вʶͷңҲ£ҿԶǼ̣򡭡
ЦĻ֦ҲΣҪ֪Ϸݣܽܳġ
ǱˣϷҲپǰȻô꣬ʲô¶ˣҲû֮ǰƽˡ
幫ǹ֬㣬㿪Ӷ֪˭
𱻹ͷѣɤӵҲ֪˭ǼȻλ˺µ㵽֤Ҳ£շԸ¾Ϳˡ˵ˣϲòεӣɾǲ٣µʮ꣬ϵʮȫУϲСĻʹЩģЩĻǸǿЩģҶ֮ġ
ǡǵ죡˵ԼݣвǷһЩ֪Ĵô죬ʱ֪Ҫ˳Ц
𱻹δڣͻȻһŴֲµẺ˽ϰ˵ʲô
һƻˣ
ӵЩճУֻҪҪòý˽ͺá
£ֵա




202 ý
 

幫һתͷͿ䳤ݿε˽䲻һеļΪɬеȴǴ󵨵ĶеһĵģеȤ
ȻŮ֮ǺϿĹ˺͹ҲĽݹһ󵨣ϷݵĶӣŮӹէһ幫ȻЩȡ
üͷ𣬴ߴٵʲôôź𣿡
ŵӵ幫ǰ
һǶ۸ģԼǸӣ˸ˣһʱ޷Ӧ
Цӯӯλ˿ɾͽˣҪźλһͷҽǵƤ
ɪһ£Ȼ뵽ѵʱֶΣǡ
Ťˮߵſڣֻͷһ幫λˣͺúܰա
Ŵˣ֪ʲôԭ幫ģۿż˽ӽȴ޷
¯ԽŨˣûȣҪ磽⣬ĿҲԽ롣
ƽĶۣ⼸ȻȲüкòȣҲòʣȱЩ³˺ÿˣǹģʡ
ϲɫټѬԭǲԸˡȻӲˣúܡ
𱻰˼ǲҪģһ¶Ѭ£ûľץסһӵ½ǡ
ݣСɫǺ죬ܵ볶֡뵽ĥ˵ֶΣҲԥһᣬ⿪½ᡣ
ﴺ컣楴Э͸ϵϷݡ
Ȼ幫Σգ಻ǶˣҲǿԲġΪһӣһ뵽ԼδϷݣﻹ˵˱ģȻԸˡ¹棬Ϊϲ幫
վڶ¥ϣ׼¥Ϳһ»ĹӼҡȣʰ£ϣλǵһգ
ؼҪʲôĸңҸѡһ¡
һ˱ǣü
´˵ʲôˣ
͵Ůӣںδ
ȻģŶԭλʲôѽ
ɫ䣬ٸ˵һϻϷݾͱҪˡ
һԾЦлú˵Ҫ˺𼱣ȷݣʹȥ
˵ȹ¥롣
¥ͬ˰ٻ԰Ŀ֮ĻʢţɴƮƮ֮ϸһлЦ䴫֮
ѾϰΪŲỺߵһ䣬ЦˣҪҪȥ
˵ţʩһ񣬾ˡ
ѹŭ⣬Ҫƿţ漤ҵchuanϢŮӵתشУȻͻȻʧȥŵ
ǰ楴ӦˣĪֻԼ֪Ȼϲ幫Ҳ幫ͱӹҡ
ſ򣬲֪ôȥǸ뿪
ʱЦǿкóʱûŮ˵ζˣòһû뵽Ǹŵÿģǳˡ
˵ǰԭΪᷴû뵽Ȼϣѹֻ˽͵ء
˵˼ҵHºܶ࣬˻Ὣ˴Ѿ͵Ժ͵ĻͷһμǱǡ
˵ЦΪʲôأֻҪǼ˾ͺáֲСŵÿԭͲˡ
ĶԻѪӿǰڡ
Ůˣԭίڱˣ
ȻŹЩδ뺷ŮҲܹ幫׵ģǱ׵ġ
ǽ֪ԭ幫ͲˣȴƤ޸󾰻ӣ
幫٣ǷЩǸŮ˼Ȼң֤ҵݲǵģСĵģҳţǵĺӿɾ͵ͷˡ
˵ЦǼͳͲָĻţ߹˴һȣҲֵˡ
Ц⻰ҲװʲôŮϵĶãƽû١
˵˴Цˡ
幫ЦˣЬ䡣ǿǳû㿡ΣźҺķϣҵǿһԸס
˴ЦҲðֻ㲻ķ𣿡
幫ЦǸҷϣء
ãô˵ˣҵ
幫Ƶ̾ϢһʱҽϷЩεɾҵġǿԺú÷ңһˣǾȥա
˵Цܷ̹һкξ壿
˵ţЦһš
ȭͷ޲ὣɱ漸ˣֲò侲ԼǱ幫ɱ
͸楣幫ҲЩԹΪ˾ĴҵҪһˣ
ͻȻһ紩öŷһġ֨
幫˭
ɳƣֻǼбˡ񣬻
ģֻú𣬲³һѪŲص߳Ϸݡ˵Ļš
֪ΪҪϷˣ֪幫һУҲ֪幫赡
δܹ裬楡幫ãã
˴ţǣɫҰףͷһ£ôˣ
ڰ֣ȥա
ȥ
˵ȥͳ⡣
Ҷʣǡ
Щۿ޷
סŭ⣬˳Ըȥһ幫¡
۲ɫûҶʣǡ
ݺݸһޣ۶ȥ
ʵȫһʾӦñ˽幫ӵĵϸǾӶӵĺ֪幫ǸˮŮˣҲֻʱ̡
ԣֻȥ顣
ʱ幫ŴϷݻȴֻһ·棬֦ͷӸ֡
ʱѾҪɢˣ½½ȥҲ䡵뿪û뵽ȴ幫·ꡣ
ΪлҪ˵ңңˡ
楣幫ôĳ
ҴӯӯǳЦ㲻վ𣬶ҿɫôãôẦأߣϲɾҺΪѰ˸ȥøлҲǰ
幫޲˺㾹ȻȺðң
еϲҲôҪŶ֪ˣ㻹żкͳԲԣ
¶Ӷ񣬵˶֮ӣΪ-Ůӣһ
㣬㡪幫ƺ
˸ƣꡯһ˶֪𣿡
幫Ц楣ҵţһᱨģʱһ
楺ϾðҵšǺܿҪ޸ˣʱ㲻赣֪θ롣
Ͳˡ幫£֪Һ׹ݣʲôҲֻ̣
ԭ𣿡
幫޺޵ԣ̴ˣҲȢң
΢ЦҾ͵źǵϲˡɫˣǸøˣ䡶ǻȥ
䡿幫ʷ׳ʵı飬򴽵ǡ
幫䡵ò͵Сү׵ܵܣһòϷСݹݸʮ֡
䡾һģЦлޣǺú׼ӰգҵܵܲФġ
԰գٶ˵һͬ˱Է
幫һֱҵ뿪űŭص䣬һ˺üѾ߲ǿ
֪˶ãӴһŶ룬Ѫű۵˭ˣ
幫ŭ˭ȻǸ楣磬ҵļƻʧˣΧһֱиֱǸ޷ӽ
۾𣺡ô˵Ҫ׵ļƻǲˣ
幫ǲˡ磬楲ܺףôֻȡˡ
裺Ŷ𣿡
˻幫գҵı㲻һֱ⼸£Щҿûһʧܵġô˶ȹ֮ΪЧΪʲôͲأ
ӵôأ
ߣûл㹻ʱ䡣ߣֻǸɢүûжüֵ˷ʱ;
ЦãȻľͷȥգҵĺϢ
幫ü۵⣺м»æ
ӽţҪʲô
幫סľͷ˿Щȥء
ôվûȵʵ۴ͻ楡ңŵʱ̫ãʵҲˣֱѡ˸۵ĻŮķţͻӡ
ͬʱ幫Ҳܹĵ׼š
˴楣ȴҲûţÿ춼Ҫȥ̫Ӹu
uȬֿʼȥϳŻʵ۴񣬿ǺԵģʵ۶䵭࣬ȴû칬緢¡
ܵεֻ̫Ӻ;ȻӶʲôˣǻʵԸֻܼ̫ڴλˣֻǻӷˡϣ楷
˵ţͣˣһ·ͨ裬ȥ˺ľӡ
uʱܻ裬벻ˣÿ춼ŮźţģҲҵƤˣɵuߡ
楽ȥʱuϿ飬極ˣЦ֣ˡ
߹ȥϾҪˣúЪţϸ˵۾
uЦ£ֻܿʱˣ㲻ۡ
·ݵuжԽ㣬źȶˮˣһֱһǿЩ
أ
uЦһ٣ʹ󾰳æһʱ仹ǻҵġ
楴ǰһֱӳһֱŽġ
ĬһᣬuźˣȥлҪͿ˵
˲ҶʣȻuӣȥˡ
ŹϺЦʲôҪҪ𣿡
uԥһ£ɫӵ楣ǸլˣҲʲôʵң׷ʲôе¡ôˣ
һ΢Ц㣬Ĺؼʱ򣬲˼㲻Ҫô࣬ƽºӺòã
áһuһαֵôִÿڸϣһС£֪ཹǣΪ˱ң˸£ҷøࡣǸĺӣôԣΪĵ˺㡣
Ȱ㲻ģ̥ߣ֪ѾּףҲк׵Σˡ
uŭǱϲǣʲô¶ңҲ㳤㣬ҲȫȻ֪ǽˣ䡶ǲҵɽ𣿡
Ȼǡ楸Ͻֻ½ҵġ
uһۣҲŸġҿųģʱʲô¶˵ȴǰͲ𣿡
ԣΡ
ǰ֪ʲôʱǴŲuΪĵĻ¡ǵʱһֱuչţһ˯һԷu΢չչһ㡣楣ֻչãչŮ
ôͱأ
˼ˣֻܽ¸u
uɫֵ̣幫ҲûֵʲôôϾҪ޵ʱ鷳ˡ
uֵѾͷôΪ˵ʲôã
֣Ƶĵ½ңҲŲ¸ѽ
uıӣǽڡ
˵꣬̾˿Ҳֻǹ㣬̫ӵ¡Ȼһʱңһһºܾͣ£ҵʻҲЩܡ楣µôˣǲ£º϶
һЦôôʣ
uҡͷ楣ȻǺܴҲɵ楣ңĴΣ




203 ϶
 

û뵽uôУȻʲôˡ
سһ£㡭
uɫ楣ңҲҪѵôûã
Ȼǡס֡
uЦ֪Ҷںµģÿ仰ÿҶμȻԾǶҺɫҸеĺػȴǿһò̫Ӻͷ̫£ɫ̱ˣȻҽڳȥˡ楣ǰġǲǿ֤ĴģΪı̫֮λֶΣ
Ȱ㣬㲻Ҫ˼롣Ȼң͸֪ٲ⽣ӰѡҲΪ˱㡣
uЦɬȻףҪ̫ӡҲûʲôֵģֻҾԷ̫λñģĺҲƽģЩˡ
極㣬Թ㣬ʲô֪
uҡͷ̾˶˵о֮磬ǸһʼҲôΪġģʧ裬ʧȥ˳Ϊ̫ӵʸ񣬽̫ӱϣΪ̫ӣҾɵҲ׹ˡ楣֪ΪӣҶҲҺĵƭôãҼ޸ô꣬ÿ춼һż棬˵ܲ𣿡
極ͷ۲˿ɫ
u֣楣ңڵĴΣ
㲻µ𣿡
uɫ޿κΣҵȷԹϾҷҺӵĸףһİΣġ
ˣuʹŮһԶ޷ԹԼɷʲôҪΪġ
Ҫu׶uģǴĵߡ
ԥִߴٵ˵ѽ
楿۾һһֵݲأԴ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȥˣȴûʲô⣬ݾǵ
uɫףϵһӵڵأǱ£
極ͷ˱£б𣿡
¹Ȼǻ˵¡uЩǡ
極ǻɣȷţֻ̲ѡ
u鱯ݵĺأ
極ű½ӽ¸ˡ
ºһƷҲʸСӡ²ûкӣһúðСӵġ
Ȼʵۻûʺֻǻʵ۵׻ǲϼҺ͸ҡ
Сڻʺߣ͵ڰӣҲλʸǵu;ܾˣ˴˼©˼Сӵϻλô죿ССܴѱʺ󲻻ᴹЩȨѳֳǻʵ뿴ġ
Իʵ㽫СӶܳ¸ɱЩ˴ġ
ȴ֪ݲظǼٵģֻʱһѿӳʹٹһʱ䣬СҲᡮزۡݾͻźӻصĽݹ
u֪ЩʵôݵǾ˻ǵµˣ
ЦҾͲˡʵݵ˭˲ҪҪǱôΪ
u˼Ƭ̣˵ĲҪǱµ̬ȡ
楿ο㲻Ҫ̫ģȻ̫ӵ£ȴûҪ̫ӵ˼ߣܿͻ裬ʱǸкǾǱµĵճźӵķϣҲԵ¼̵ġ
uḧŸ߸¡Ķӣǿ¶һĨ΢Ц˵ǡ
һ룬Խһ̥Ǹӡ
˵ЩĵˡܼٷУ
ЦЦǡ
uЦ񣺡ϹﲻѣȴѾףУʱף
Цٵһȡ
uʲôѾʮˣ͵Ҳ󣬿ǳѾһ꣬Ըô
΢Цף㣬ԸȵģҲܴס
ĸҲӦ𣿡
極ĸӦô˽أ
uŵ»ĸ㣬û취
ЦеⲻҲнĹ𣿡
uȤҽҪһĸˣһʡġ
uſվһˣǡu˵楺ͳ¡һĵð˳
ǳǼ޳޶𣿸ŭǣϷ˾ȻҲͬˡuҲ֪楶£ȴûи
ƿӵһ˲䣬ֻһ紺º͵Цݣ߽ȥҲ
ʩһ񣺡Ҫ裬ʵڲģֻÿ
u̵ĿܽɨЦÿ춼ǹŊuֻǽæѲˊuǽһϵ׺񣬊uʱ߶㡣ˣβסһʱգҲu˼롣
楹˳Ҳÿʱÿڽߣֻŵ¡
uһЦ㲻ʲôţuԽԽסҲʵؾ񡣡
ӣ˵ȻΪu룬ͬʱҲ楡
楲źۼľܾϣ͸ʱԶȴҵٵõ˶ԽǵòԽõԽĮŮȴڻ˵ϲ楣˵ʤĺռΪ楣楾͸ԽǾǿŮӣԽӲӵӣ˿ȸһúȦ
һֱΪıߵŮӣôڲͬŮӣܹˡ
Ȼ֪˼վһ£ΪuǴӦˡ
uЦˣҾͷˡuͽտˡ
ü۵Ȼ·ľǡ
uͷuߣ䡣
uһ뵽Щ£ЦЩȻһֱæôпչˣ
Ȼ
uӶ楣ע⵽uϸ΢ı飿ЩѾĲˣʣµĽͺáûô㣬ò׼һЩʱ䣬ȻҪϽˡ
uЦݣuЩҡ΢Ц¹Ҫа楺ѾţްġĪҪΪҵ˹񡣡
uЦ֪u£ﻹͺӸҪ
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u״ûȥ˰գ幫ɻҪرˣʱЩգһЩ¡
極ѵǡѾϴʾܾںΪӵӣҲʲô˰գ
½СЩûġuζ˵һʱ嶯ء
һ˲еĺ塣ƿĿ⣬ЦЦҲֿܡ
˵ЩĬˣuٺ˵仰ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ʱ£ȻҪڸСס㣬Ȼظĸ
uȥա
ˡ
£極½ǷżƺΪһ塣
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Ťͷһ
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uЦԹûˡ
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ͷһۣȴǹ˼ӵƭˡ
uıӣ飬ȴԽˡȻˣ¿ȥòã
uʱЦˣá
u֪ϲûлʲôڵܵܣôҲһĻ£ôϲΪβЩȢ
uʮεģȰΣǲϣҲ֪ʲô
˵ţֶЦ
㣬˵£㲻һ𣿡
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ͳuɫһЩȻ˵ˣ˵Ľ˵ͳãҲŴ£޵ʹҡ
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uû˵ʲôʻ˼ǲ̫׮£Ϊβгѯ뷨أ
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uԽǣԣȻ׵ģֻҲԸҰ極Ļ£ĸҲϣ߸ˣ޸Լϲˣ
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uü¹ؼ尲Σô˲ʵ
u֪ʵݣĸ̫۰ˣ᲻һί
ѹסŭ𣬵ףԼԸգ
uֵͷ
ҲһԶΪ𣿡
u̾һ極Ըһˣľ˭ȰҲûãӴúܣһҲ֪ġ
Ϊu楼޸Լδ뵽˼
ƺЩѾһ꣬öˣԾ˷
Ϸ˶ͬ楺ͳһˣһʲô極ϲʲô̫Цˣ
һ̣һ˺uĴ
£ûôأһֱؼġu
uؼʷ
u˵ʲôuڱƣЩҪúЪϢȥ鷿
uߡ
㣬ʹѩˣuϣˣҿµɫ̫ÿ
u´ʲôΪ֮¡
˵ţȴûע⵽uһǰԳơ¡
ҲΪѣһ۰ãһǶķ뱻ѡ
Ϊuһɵˣִͳһ𣬻棬ġ
֪ԼɷЧ˴ýһͬ޸Ժ̬uأ
楳˸·ȴͻȻҲûи
ƽʻܿԶȥˡʱ򣬴һǽ߳ˣ幫ͼС
ɫްǰ幫ϲ㿴˰գѾˣΪλֿ𣿡




204 ͼı
 

ɫẮ幫ҵΪ˿һĻԻȥˡ
˵ţͷת
幫ѾǱ߿ºڣô׷żߣ
סе䣺ӣݹأҪʲôŮûУαһϵĺδ޷ݣȷǣϲֻһˣֺαǿأĽŮô࣬ȡǰˡ
ô˵ģĵȾһĨߡ
дɨһۣ˳ǣȡǰˣ˵Լ𣿡
幫ɫ죺ӣǺȰ㡣ǸˣôܱһŮǣűߣԾǺͳãһ㼸˾֪Ӳ羡֣˴һЩ档
ЦһԼ£幫ġ
幫ûж࿴ԼһۣöţӴΣܽҪ֪ù
˶٣ȻһЦȻһȨ£֮˲ڽ£˵һҪеŮʲôԣ
ЦЦͼС
ѵͼҾ͸ƫһմȨһʵ۱¿ɷģӱھ࣬ΪʲôûбŻȥѵӣҪͼұɱ𣿡
ЦǴ󾰵£幫δ̫ܵˡ
幫Цĺպ˶˵ģΪսɳʵͿ๦ߡΪʵۻúûȴ˶еƽӲʧ𣬵治Ϊͼ𣿡
Щͣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
幫ЦݽģҸһϧй֮֮£ԸȰ˵ͶǱơ
Ҫͨ󾰣Ȩ£λ˳ǼͼҲᱻ˴ǵģҲ޷Լͼҵڡ
幫һĨʲôɱˡʵΣȨ˵㣿
ЦЩ幫㵱ԭ˵ɱͬգǲ̫ðգ
幫С˵ʵæȵ˵ЩˡǸԸΪǵȻúöԴǣʱɱҲȲѣΪ˹Ұ롣
⻰ȫǼٵġ
ÿԭɱ޶ǻǣɱ켸ҹɱʮ¶ǳ£޲ýԭ˶ɱ⣬ȮӦһݶ
ЩģǵΪộֻ˷ܡÿռһǳؾɱӣѾΪһϰߣΪǵıԡ
ȫ͵ظɱӱȥūŮӣûôˡǻὫŮ͸ĵū裬ͽӪ䵱jiǿǳΪЩֵĹߡ
ɶǣеĸ˶Ź
һ𣬼ֱ޲磡ԭĲģɱԭգѾԼ׵ϰˣ۹ȥ꣬ϰ߶Ĳˡ
ÿԭԭһ޴ѡԣͼԸͶĽݹҲͶƣĽݹڴҶԭ˵ķϣɱ󾰰ա
幫ǰں極ĺñֳüҵŶ𣿡
幫Ȼ
ϵӣ幫Ҫ޸󾰵ˣܿҪΪʼҶϱߣ˵ЩͲȥ¸𣿡
㲻ġ幫ƶ֪һϲɽۻȴʲô롣ߣʵһμͼңܣ˵Ҫˣʱͼֲܰˡ
Цһ幫֪Ļ֪֪֪࣬δǸҰĵˡ
幫üһĨ񣺡ôҵӣֻ֪ĸƨ棬ôῴ
˵˴ϼеֱۣЦȲӵһָͷ
г֣ЦаȣϾǹδ򣬹𣿡
һЦȻŮӻ飬ʱз羰ʧɫˡ幫δЦÿӣһʱЩˡ
ˣ͸ģ
㣬ɫѹЦ˵ʵͣӣˣŮӵ۹ˡ԰ʻߢαֻһ֦أ
˵ţԽԽһӿеıӣлЩԭţζ
в幫ͶͱֻϧҶз֮ûȤ
⻰ھܾ幫ʵǸϣ
幫̵Ҹϲ޸ǹʵ۵ּ⣬ǽҿԲ޸
вüʥּ£㲻ܸı䡣¹Լ׻ˡ幫㻹ǰļ޸գЩ飬Ҿ͵û
žһչȣ΢紵Ʈһ˫˵ҲŴˮӳճâɫ񣬴ݰף˵η̬֮
Ҳĺܿʣȴͼкǲͬؼ̫߲ʣȽһ£Ǽкýӽ
幫򴽣ԽᶨҪõеľġ
ƺҪߣʶҲ޸
е幫Լˣ޹ء
幫ǰã̸ۼޣҲ޹صġ
ӵһɫ΢䡣
幫⣬ӣѵֻȲ
䵭ĵ˵Щʲô
ϲӣԸΪΥʥּġ幫ֳס˼еӣôϲ㣬ѵûһ˿ж𣿡
üأûб£Ҿȸˡ
ȵȣʱ䲻ˣò׵õᣬܷ뿪ӣôѵҵ˼ֻҪԸҵĺô㡭
зЦɵԹʵɵ߸֮ˣ˵ĺ˭֪ڰӶºӻ᲻ʹ󾰻ʵһ룿ǿͷ˵ĳŵҿһ㶼ŵġ幫Ҫ˷ʱˣ㻻һһǳӣʲôΪô࣬ͼʲôأ
ѵǺһֻǱλʩˣ˲ڱƾʲôҳѾ˼İǣȴֻǵõڴͬĺôأȻ󾰻ʵۼɵͼңֻҪͼһձȨ¾ͲֱɱǣʲôµأԣذգҲִ󾰵ġҲҪ󾰲ʮ̤ƽġ
˵꣬ӦĻᣬתߡ
幫ԭأıӰþòŻع
⻰ʲô˼ԸΪ˳𣬲Ըٱƿ
ϸ룬˵ĲԾǱ˼ɵĳӣڴ𣿸οҪѹͼʲô
ͼʮȨǿԣҲ췴ƵۣΪλҪأ
Ǻͼһ
ôίڸΪ£ǣͼʲôأܵõʲôԭӳΪʵۣҲֻһŮ˰ˣʵ˻ڱϣ
龫ô꣬ΪʲôΪ
ҪԼˣմȨӦ취ΪŮˡǸλֻһǻʺ֮λ
ΪʲôܳΪʺӵϻλʺλȷʵŮˣƾʲô
˼ˣ಻ʣЩ˷ܡ
ԭһֱŬĿ궼ǴģʲôãӦðԼΪʺ
Զ׼ģʵĺߡңῡʣвܣԸΪĻʺ
ӺͱЩˡ
ǺǣǴϲֻǰˡҪôϲ壬ҪôǿüֵˣαΪǾľ
ͨ¶һĨЦݣߵŮߣݡ
ΪЧô꣬ҲҪرʱˡ
صݣЦһѯ˹ڼе¡ûиֱӴ𰸣ֻ˵ƺЩҡǲԸⱳѴ󾰡
ӳƬ̣ЦҵҪļٴαɱܲס
һ˵ţĴ·شͷϿһڣãܳɹ£УĹһúý㣿
գ幫ĸԸЦ䣬Ǽ˼кòȣټ˼ת䣬ʱʮֶģϷݵСݹݶĺÿ
˲ϵĿˮЦĿŶ֪Ҫôң
ӹһЦһЩΣ㿴˭ֻҪһ£ʲôӣҪԹԷ㡣
ǣô࣬ͷֻõЩ𣿶ңǹҪ
ǰﲻԣľˣôֵ̫ˡ
סľˣҾлˡ
幫ǱƵһˣӼ֪ǸҵŮӣҲΪԣһᣬһľҡ
幫ֻЦӭϡ
ĲʺͼԽԽǿңڱƻʲô󾰣ֲԶ׼ˡ
ƾʲôС谮ų󣬶ֻΪк׵ļֵűϲƾʲô籦ҲĽԼȴ˵
㲻Ը⣬Ҳòϣ極ĺͽйţȴǴȲ楡
һҪΪŮˣЩԭҹŮڽ£Զܷ
Խʾ֭ĵõеģÿڼǰȥ¥Ծ֡һʼлߣϲֻǶٺԽ޿κΣˡ
ڼ䣬Ȱ˵ԼеİĽǼȴ׼ȷĴ𰸡һĸۿžҪˣԽ
һգȥ¥ãǳϵģоȻӦԼˡ
幫ϲԭٴһ۾һתָ⡣
ȽͷŪɢֽ⿪ӣԼɺǱӣӵģ
ʱſڵĻһ¡
סˣ˵ʲô
幫ƣָָԼ޵õ䲻ʹһ¡




205 ݼ
 

˺һ֧֧ūšūŲҡ
幫һӣŭʹôϻ
սսǧ֮ūŲð
ʱŮ幫ѵһӾҪˡ
幫һӵֻҵ£Ҳġ෴̣Ҿʹ㣡
һǣǡ
幫סȥһ˫Ŀ
Щ
ҧҧ۾һ˲¡
ֻžһһѪ幫һƺߣһ¡
̹ڵأ嶶ɸ
ŮæסūŸҩա
幫ʹıŤһ£ء
˵ţ֣Ůóһűʯľӡ
ӳճһ绨ףü촽ֻеĺƻУϵİӡעĿ
Ů۵ǡ
幫ȻһƣǺ⡣ӸµĿǸĺܺá
ūšūԸ
֪幫ЦЦˣȥգŽ²磬𣿡
һ幫Ŀ⣬Ͻͷǡ
˵ţҡ
һᣬ幫͸߸΢һ¾ʹ̡ŮҶʣֻһԡ
幫ĿƵĴӴ̽ȥãϴϲˡ
ĵȴţһᣬȴúڣűƿˣһɫ˽ѩ
幫վӭȥڵˣҿɵþء
ɫüһĨǳͷƣ鲻ãùõˡ
幫ģһ˿ǻֻҪܵȵӣ۵ȶҶԸ⡣
һۣɫЩݡ
幫һϲݵĸˡʱ䣬ˮˮ۽˳ɵ򢣬˾һ䱻ݲеĽ
ճյżУκһӣ¶֮ġ
μڲĵˣ
幫ᣬǿջЦûûʲô
΢΢ü˭㣿
幫ĿûûʲôӲҪˡ
ϵİӡ˵ơеȻʲôϧ֮ˣҲᶯִŮˡΪδĸӸҶִ㣿
幫Ц񣺡ǰҵݣ˭Ҷִҡ
۾΢У۽޴£ӡ
幫ɫңӲҪˡһ·ڿ˰գºȿڲա
пһᣬһͬǰ
һյ裬ʵ֪ҹΪ£
幫ɫҶǰһӶϸԼΪθ⣿
ִŲյһ٣û˵һĨ𺡣
幫֪鲻ã֪Ϊ鲻áѵסû׷ʡ
гЩ£ֻھǣ޷ر̽˫ס
幫кѣ빬³鲻ͺˣű»ӻر̽õġ
Ѕһڲ裬˼Ƭ̵ɡ
幫̾һ䲻֪ΪβԸؼ̽ʱúһӵġ
ɫһԲ
ʱŮΪ幫ˣӲС幫ʹһ
Ůɫţæڼǰ幫ȻҪֵȣգⲻ㡣
Ů¶̣ūȥա
幫ֵһСˣôʦڷ˿Ц̰գݺҩ
ڿȻһЦӣιң
վĲ̣óһ״ƿݸŮЯ񼡸࣬Ϊҩա
Ůмлӡ
幫ûоܾʮָжлӡ
Сšһȥ
ϵİӡֺףԴ˵˼ҩĹУ幫̲סƺߣ̵ʹࡣ
Ů۵ԹΪʲô㿪ͲصˡмĴ֮գǵʱϵ˺ۻδʣ˿˿ôã
幫Цʱ˵ա
ŴԣпڵصģǹʹҩЧãգϵĺۼͻʣӰ첻顣
幫Ц΢٣ȴԽɬ֪ˣлӡ
Ů˿ū澾ͷˣӺ
˵仰Щ߷߲ƽӰţȴǻ⣬Ȼ֣á
δ˵꣬幫ӵ˵ʲôҲΪҺá
Ůҧҧʵ̫ίˣô꣬Ϊĺò𡭡
ˣ幫ŭٸҺͻصȥ߲ūţ
ŮͷţڵأūŴˣҪūߡ
幫̾Ϣһ֪ΪұƽЩ˵ģ𣿡
Ůǡ
幫֣Լе²ϣӿЦˡ
ĦŲյ޷ҲǻСȴ֣ãϵ׺żִҲͰˣôԹ֣
幫ЦЦΥԸһŭ֮³ҲӦõġ
ҡҡͷ̫嶯ˣãںйº˹𣿡
幫ЦͷҲǸŮңһӸ֮ôҶӦõġ
е幫˳֮ˡ
幫ǿЦ»в˾ŰգӻǸĺĵŮӣ𣿡
еЦ
Ů̲סֵӣǧҪԣʱۼһΪʵǹҲвѵĿԡ
幫ͳ⣬ǰ˵ʲô
ﰧūŲЩ㣬䲻㡣
ˣ幫վ㲻źˣȥգ
ūʵǼίΪѾˣΪλҪô㣿㱻ô⡣
幫˱۾Щ֪ǱĻ뵽¡
ȴһȥģԼеӣһܺΪҪҼҹգʵѾǵһˣֻҪӲˣͻ濴ܾ谮ʵϹֻǱõӶѣֻҪһ㲻ӾͲˣ³֪
幫еˮʪŨ۽ޣ˵ˡ
ִⲻϣִصЩūһֱʮܡūʵ޷ܣ²죬գū˵ɱūҲ٣ūžԹԡ
Ѿͷ幫һӣ˵
ȴһ̬ȻпԣαܣŮһλͣȫȫΪ밡
￴׼ʱ̵ɫˣȷӴģΪ幫ûӽ񡣡
ʲô񣿡
ҧҧӵ񣡡
幫ɫף촽΢
¶𾪣幫
ЦһΪӽ㣬ﰮĽ֮ģһˮŮӰգṫˣôҲȲѡ󣬺αԽֲ֪ܵ£ӱȣڴˣȻǼٵģǹİĽ֮ġȴǿȹ޸òӡΪ˴ﵽĿģֱȹȴǲΥӵ
ɫĮֱ幫ΪҪô
幫еתƵӲҪңû뺦ģʵǱƲѡСҾǱɺ׵ӣҰĲҡвңΪãҲΥǸˣӦ֪ԭõͼұȨסԭΪʵۣȻٳ㡣ҳϣİĽ㣬Ҳ뺦㣬ֲܲĻֻܰķԸ¡
ôӶῴһۣ϶˽ģûоľ㣬һŭ֮¾ʹҡԭĿģҵĲܿƣ͹ˡ֪ҵļƻǲɵˣ㲻ҵĵһѾˡ֪ҲˮŮӣǼ޸ǳҵı⡭
Цһ˵ģӲ붼ƭҵˡ
Բ𡣡幫ʮΣûϵ
ＱеӣŲţūŶҪ湫˵һ仰İĽδ뺦С󣬹һһжɼҲǸˡιûӶȻĹڴ󾰣Ϊһɱ˹ģӾȾȹա
幫ЦݲҵһжҾȡ㲻ҪΪӡ
ǡ
ûпǡ幫һƽҵԼģҲûʲôӣѾˡһ棬ҲˣҲ

ʵϣҪ޸ҲҪϷˣ
幫̾ǰֻαװһִ֪ĹǴ֮˲Żҷɾ衣
ĬĬֵô޸ʱΪβֹ
幫ԳһЦ˭ҪҪ˭ãһ㣬ӲͿ𣿡
뾰ˣ
幫Ȼһ̾Σ£ӣ;ĺѾʧˣ𣿡
ü𣺡ҪȢҲǳԾ⣿ͨױ
幫˱ۣǡӱˣϵ
̾ˡô죬ô
幫ЦԣѾõķˣû·ѡ֮ǰ¶ļѾ֪ˡ
ĬƬ̣еԣҸģ
幫ͷ
кڵһᣬʱ䲻ˣҸøˡԺ󡭡Ӷౣء
˵žҪȥ
ȵȡ֪ҽΪͻȻԼ
幫תΪΣ
Ц䳰ҽӵţˡ




206 ﵽĿ
 

幫֣Ϊһ£ӰŵġΪľͼҺͻʵۣͼҵķŭͼ֪ʵۺǼɵǣһɱǻԹ޻ʵۣټӺ幫˵кܾܿͻᵹ걱ơ
ȻûʧˣбѴͶƵĴˡ
幫ͷϲȴ⣺ΪλˣˣӸûرȥ̽˫ˡ
ֻ±²һȥ
ΪΣ幫һ޹
ѹֵŭ𣬹ãΪλʵ۱£ȥɱҸĸסڸĸӹһ٣ֻˡ
幫ʧ룺ôܣ
ЦôܣѾǵһˡĸ׵ھǵİΣţ֪˵ࡣ
幫üۺôأǴ󾰵Ĺ
ŲյԹɱĻʵۻ𣬼ͼҲһˣֻΪײֵ²ưոݣͼңҹѰ
幫ִΪһյ裺˵ҲͬˣǱеӣûüֵͻᱻֻһŮӣҲûʲôģֻǿϧôºպսһȴ³Һ¿ѣͼǱѪɺӣүҲȥ
ִյһɳƵͳ˵ĲͼҼٿˣˡ
幫յһڻȪ·Ϊġ
Ц׹ĿҶͲˡ
΢л
幫ЦЦҼĸһԶ㣬±Ҳ㣬Ҳϣպ޳
תŲյ
幫Цݷࣺ˶ţǵҽлء
Թ۲żе飬²յһ棬ѾźˣʱˣҸøˡ
幫ͻȻڣʵÿԲġ
幫ȵĿеʲô취ܱס
һТ˳ŮģʵĽ٣ոȥǸųܳ谮
е취Уǲ֪幫ܲܺݵˡ
幫æ˵
Ըⱳ𣿡
幫ɫһ˵ʲô
вǴˣҪסԼֻɱ
幫ɫףګګҵ硭
Цδ㵱ã㵱˿㻹ҪΪЧֱĸ׵𣿡
幫ҡҡͷҲҪϧײܱۡ
ƽصʣֺα壿ڻʼң͸֪ʲôȲԼҪ
幫ɫᣬʣҧҪҺ𣿡
Ȼأǻб·𣿡
ã幫ɵãҴӦ㡣
ף֣ѵȻӦˣɾͲܷˡ
幫᣺֪İգҲ֮ˡ
ЦҾͷˣϣܹԵóԸ
幫ȻһЦˮֹסζûܺվһϡûʲôģֻϣҺܰЩˣӡΪЧҵĸҶȻȫԸϸλֻǡֻǲ֪ԺǷ񻹻ǵҡҲ̫࣬ܶ˵ϼ仰Ҿʮˡ
е͵һ̾
幫ˮӨӨǲҲǻ빲ˣ
ƺЩжȻʱ򣬹ΣԸ⾡ȫңǸм
幫ҡͷЦЦˣҰҲΪԼ
һȻʧģⲻ֪ﻶȸԾ
ɹˣȻɹˣɹ£˼УüжۿֻҪŬһ£еĳģվϺλΪȫŮˣ
д΢䣬һ˿
幫ǱȽϴǻǱȲԭˡ
ڱƣЩҪ໥ѡֱӵİ취ͨôܵķʽӺ幫һоԵúܴˡ
ԭЩҹٻµˣʱ˵һ仰Ҫƺü䣬ЦصɫľȦסıﳤļ˵幫ֶΣͲơ
ȻǺȥġ
˼ˣǾǱߣô죿
幫οһĨһжӵġ
һɵӣȢɵʱ͸뵽ƻб䣬˵ỳǱ
Ǹô죿
ЦݸĪ⣺ȰڿǺСĵģûһİգ֡
ԥһᣬ幫ǾҺ磬Ǹ˵
סͺáйϣ˵Ϻף޸ѳɶ֣ƻʧܣҲĪκΣֻʵʵرơ
Ҳ˵ˣǸˣѵںƭ𣿡
Ҫƭ
幫ЩãˣӴԺ⣿
ȴûͣ㰴˵ȥͺˡڵǰӣɹ£ңһаƻ£𣿡
幫ͷ֪ˡ
Ŵ⣬ȻҴδ뵽ߵһҲս
ҫ£ʵĲȾһ⣬ЦҲԽɣ۽һһģ˵˫ˮӯӯֶӴ¡˵࣬ѣ˭˶ϲ幫һʱˡ
Χˣ³ç֪òҲƽǳªȻò˵ùȥǺʹ󾰵Ȼǲܶģͼиеٮٮߡ
ȷҪóΪȹ֮һĵƫˡ
ÿǺÿ£Խӽоͬҫ۵̫˾ůʹͼʮȨɱɢүĳǿˡȨ׺幫ȻѡˣòЩźˡ
ôϲֻǼʳ籦
뵽ͻȻͷ¶һĨ˵Цݡ
幫һ̻عҲ¶ɬһЦĿⲻɨϵĲ
ůԭ򣬼ɫȾϺΣͷҲһϸüһյ衣ɫȴԽΣͷϵĺ
幫еӾ𣿡
ж˶䣺Щȡ
幫ЦЦǴʱȻˡ
˵ţóӣ֣̽ҪΪ
ͷ
˵ţԶЩ
幫ͷһЦѯʣﲻ𣿡
нŴһԣڽʲô
幫ʱѵǰ⺬ˮϸ᣺ӡ
һס󣬽ԼߣĿȵĿ
幫ԭ򶨣Ǳ顯ţһҲ󵨵ĸһӣôˣ
̾Ϣ
ߵ档
幫˼£㲻ˡڵõˣޱڴ£Ŀڼл
Ǹ䵽ϣ˹ȥ
վ˵ۣһ
̷㡣
̷ӴЦӡ
ϻźͼһģһ¡
̷㣬ˡ
Ȼֻһ
̷Цóһֻƿӣҩ
֪ﱻ˴֮ֻΪ˼ƻһֱš̷ҩպýȼü֮
½ҩأ
̷ôӣա
һϴźͼһģһ·òҲмơ
񣺡ӡ
бһϵˣ߳ȥｻˡ
ڿλϣóһ鿴˵ǳˮ
̷վһԣզࡣôһڣ˱ҩĲ裬Ӷңǲһ㡣һϲŮӿΪ˰ǻȥˡ
ϧ⣬ŮģǺͳء
б۷ɨٸҺ˼룬Դ
̷æ֣ңҡ
˵ײҵ̫ʱ䣬ʱͳˡ
Щڣͷӡ
к飬ӻ֣ȥա
̷ָһ
̷æҲȥˡ
ܿ죬Ҽžһִ½ϣһƿȥ档
ֹһ̣幫ɵ۾һ۾ͿڴǰļУʶϵ·ϷƬƣ֮ԽģǱϸ꽽Ĵ
ûоµĹȻ֪ļƻĵóˣͼ˷֮ʵ
ΪʲôͻȻεȴϲõĳ׷ⲻҪҪﵽĿġ
ѵЩɬڵӡ
еɿϣҲˣͷҲЩɢң۵ȴһ侲
һᣬ̾Ϣһһġ




207 ֮һ
 

һ˲ֻǵĺϵˡټԼһƬģԺϺλǰ϶ġ
幫ţԽ⡣
ӵѾˣ
һۣҼ㣬ͻ㸺𡣹ҲԸί˹
ԣ幫ԼԽϲû뵽пȴо֮硣ǰЩˣͻȻǶϲһ衣
εεҶӵġ
һ̣ͻȻʲôлԼϾҪˡ
幫Цһ٣ǰȻɹ˼Уûʲôüֵˣ뾡Ͼԭʹ󾰲һôȢһ޹˵ŮΪʺأ
ʲôʣ̵Ҽ˺֮⣬ôûбҪ޸ˡ
ЩΪѣŻǱ״ܻͣڻ顣
幫һ˼סеģ˻һɱȼż
ӿа취
е»ӳ顣
ӳ飬ôУܿ͵֮ˣ
ǰͲϲ˰ʯ޲ȥ
˼ˣһ֣תǰˣͲؼ޸ˡù󾰻ʵҲعѡ
ǣҪɱҲʲô׵£ôźã
ѾӵͷԺҪ޸оˡ
м¶ɫ뵣ǣһ취˵ˣһ
幫ĲɵЦЦӡ
㣬
Ȼֶ幫ߵŮȥһ·㻻ϰա
幫ִ·ϣ¶Ƭѩףӡŵ÷˼ݱµС
вδ࿴һۣһ¹ڣȥȹ
幫ЩʧѵֻҩŻԼ
ܿ찢ƹˣһЦϲ
幫̬Ҵ°ա
δⱻ˷֣߳¥ã幫ųȥȴǷ溬ΣʮעĿ
лϲȴǲ֪ߺ޵Ŀ

ȥƵѾˣõĽȴŭ幫Ȼʲôؼˣͱƻʵ۵ʮȾɫճд󳼣ͱƻʵ۸Ų鲻Ĺϵ
뵽Ϸݵ⣬Ŀ幫ŵģŭգ޲ὣɱŮˣ
˼ʱȰû޷صľ棬ֻʵԷй
˰ж幫ξУȴǰϾжٴɫǽоȻӦԼˣõϢͣĸȴ˲Ķ
Ǻñ£Ȼ˼У
˭մȨӣϼζʲôٴҲףƹȻ֣ҪѾˡ
ȻЩԹȢôһλʳܵΪ˴룬Ӧý¸֪
ԭվãȴû뿪Сѣ£ӡ
ڻҪһھ֮ŭһ˿幫ñҲͰˣȴб˿Ӿ衣
Ҳû˻һţЦֻ۾ˣ
æ˵ˣˡ
˱۾
¡
¾ˣͺ
һϽȥˡ
һξòƽͬΪӣΪõĶô׾Ͳܳ裬СֺŰΨհҲΪ˾ĴҵЭ
幫ؼҲͰˣƫƫǸ˾ɷŮˣβԹ̫uҲǶԶճŮȻþϲҲǺŮǸɢүҲǣ
ԱӣĻһЦ
ɱ幫Ҳѽͷ֮ޡ
ֿһ˷Ųңȥ¥ֱ
ɵǣ½Ҳڡ
鷿
ܿ죬Žһͷӿȥһ½ۣԾ磬㻹Ӻ֮𣿡
ɵĿôҴҵĸΪ£
磬㻹Ӻ𣿡
վЦһ޷Ȣ楣μȥ
绹ǲԸô𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ǣӣҲ֪ʲôԺѡ
ЦһǺֻѰ˸֦ҪնϺˡ
΢΢죺Ժ⣿
һ˿ѿ֪幫Ѿͼйˡ
У½һۣͼһ򲻲κζôͱ˹ϣ
ɫһѵ½Ӳ֪𣬸ʿһֱɵͼңͼҺпΪԭͨ
̾һȻ֪ģҲ֪˳ֻϧͼ˷ˡͼҲ֪Ļʹ˭ֻΪάֱƽһֱ̲ˡһֱãͼһ޸ʣٻеߣôṴأ
һ뵽кδ޹һ𣬾ŭЦΪ˱סԼȨʲôͼ˺ٲȡжԴУֻգԿ󾰡磬룬ͼʮȨټϱͼҪƷҵĻλ׾֮𣿵ȵ³֮ȫɱ˱ˣĨȥ
㣬½ۣۣô
½۵΢Ϊ˵Щ΢ðһ£ǴõϢ幫Ѿͼӹأ
˫ȭͷ裬ľг
½ҲǴ󾪣£ʮа˾ġ
ɫȻȥصһƣӣã̫ˣǴ˱ƭ𣡡
ߺ޵Ѿֹĺȴʲô˵ʵ޳֮ȣ
½۵Ǹ֪˵£ǴݾߣԾװҪ͵ºӣõ·ɾ衣
ߣ̫Ϊˡ磬ڸô죬ҪҪȥӶʣ
ҡͷסǼȻȴǶʣͬǴݾߡҾ䣬жжҲ١
Ծÿɷ񣬾ļ򣬰ܣں׵£ίˡҲû뵽ùȻ޳ܡƽףǲ󾰷СҲ֪󾰣νʲôˡ
ô˵еŭЩ
һ׷磬ֻҪĴҵ棬ûʲôίģߣҲǱڹġ
һЦ㲻ԹҾͺáģԺһΪѰ˼ҵĹٶΪѰңò㡣
ǿЦЦл硣
˵ţͷȴԽԽŨء
磬˼ͼ֣Ǹô죿
ɫ½ۡ
½۽ü𣺡£֮ȥ̽һӡ汳ôԶţͲҪǲʲˡ
ͷ֮֮⣬Ҳû취ˡ

صݣ幫ȥӡ
ӼһɫЦǼ³ˣ
幫ɫߣȻǳˣѾӦǺˡ
ӹһЦùȻǺñ£õģǺϲˣ
幫һۣ֪ԩңֻ֪һͼвǷ곡Ϸѡ
ЦüϲҲûϵʱҸǴͻ飬㿴Σ
幫̽䳰ȴҾֱ˵ˣαֻҵģȵ³֮󣬼оͿɱˣҲŲҪ
ӿ鲻α׷ˡ˵幫ɲʲôŮӣΪһ˱ġ
һѱ幫Цģ䲻ܸʺݣҵõµĴ󹦳һ죬˭ҵ㣬Ҫʲôʲô
幫ƲƲ죺˼ҾҪ㡣
պģԶġ
ǣĻţļˡ幫þףԸյõǸλˡ
ЦԽҪȥңͻȻ˵ӣй
ЦȻֹӷ幫˭
䣬⴫һЦӣҡ
ӱһһЦԭǾ¡
ˣֻ£ˣһʱΰѾھԵˣֻίˡ
Ŀɨ幫ЦЦӺ幫󾰶գ֪һпɻϰߣ
˸롯ƣȻֽӹŮϵĲ衣
Цл»ңڴһжã˵󾰱ȱƸӷСǲԸȥˡ
Ȳ裬Ǵ󾰵ĿˣھСסǴ󾰵ҡ᲻뿪ҵǿ򸸻飬ھǶסЩʱա
֣ͷôƻ󾰵Ĺأ˵ף᲻ðˣԭһ仰˵޲ɢ֮ϯҪֱ𣬻뿪Ϊá
յһ졣޲ϧֻûӵóԸΡʱͲϲң˵飬ֻ»ʵ䷴ҲǸʵŮܺױƣӵ޽ԵҲʧΪһμѻ
̾µ˼Ȼ׵ġȻһûзǿ¼ޣҲ޿κΡ
ȰѰ˼ҵĹҵǿΪȡһֻѰ㣬Ϸ˲ͬ⣬ǸҲܱȡټԴϻۣĸ˵䲻ӹĻ˳ǿκһӡ
Ҫõ極ĿǴδʧһ뵽תϲϳǸͷĲʾԽǿҡ
ûܵõķģþʧˡ
ӻ𣿡
Цʲô㣬ȻѾͻ飬ȵôҾ͸ôرƣл뾰ɡ
ȴֲֻͼкһ¡
Ӳô׾ͷˡ
Ҳǲѵ£ûѳɴҵģҲͬ˾µĴ¡
Ȱ˵ˣףһ·ƽﱱưաлᣬֺ֮Ҳ١
԰գ²յָǡ
ȥһԵ幫˵ǲǲʲôˣ
幫⣺ӦûУĲʲôΪԼ棬͸취ֹ
һЩԭһƻвѰգ
幫е֪˴󾰻ʵ˴ɱһ£ѾԻʵۺ޵˼㣬Ϊ˱סͼңֻǺһͬԿ󾰡ĺˣ͵ŵϻλա
֣ȻȻҲŵġ
һ¡幫ȻѾס˼еģôĴͲܽˣ취źá


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һŰӣǰ˵ģ
һǡ
ü΢δڣ˸ֵ˵ѣ˵ѡ
΢죬˰˸һۡǰ˸Ȼ£ʮŵë
Ц»£ʲôʱҲ˸ˣ
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ʱ˸ſ楣楡
ÿ楡
Цݸ˹ָл
Щڣϲͺá
ţҺϲ
̣Ǽºˡ
˼еϡ΢΢һЦȴί
̧Ϊ幫ŮӾί
楣
ЦһԿֲʲôίģ
֪ϲУЦǰίίǸ
һȴԸΪ˰ǺҹĿ࿴ġ
ʧЦʲôĿ࿴ҿֻߣҲ㲻Ϊ˰ңΪͬһĿģ໥ˡ
Ļش⣬ִһöӵĿ幫ͼй֮£Ҳ֪
룬һӣҶ͸¶幫֪Ѿ֪ϷСݹݹһ£¥ͼаԹҲ֡
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֪ôǺͨһ仰ȴ˼ƺůʶɫҲ΢΢졣
һᣬôķϣżһҲǿԵġ
ЦԽοɰ̲ס̧ͷ
ץס֣õˡ
ȥͳǲ⣬ҿ԰һᡣ
極һۣͷ
ЦҲգԺеǻᡣ
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幫ڱȽУͼнĻᡣʰһȥѰˡ
幫Ϊ˷֮ʵܴܣǼǶ뷽跨Ҫõеġ
ͬŮӣȻ楿ԵõȻҲԡ
еѾϢ˼Ǻ󣬾뱱ƺЩҪȰ׵ϣҰΪǵļƻȡʱ䡣
Ѿ֪üе֪Ϸݵ£˶ٵѾ֪ˣԣ֮£Ҫΰأ
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幫ǣƺ֮̽⡣
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幫ҡףһ㣬Ҳȷ¸֪˾ô
а⣬ˣ͸̽һ
̽
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幫¶˾ģá
գ幫ӣȥƸһ
ں͸ŮˣΪλԼ˼һԼ˻ӡ
ͬʱҲյ˼еţ幫ڹƸʱǰȥϷ
楿ţҵ˰ա
Ҷһӻ˼֪Ը͹Ӵ͵͵ǹġ
Цˣ׼һ£ȥƸ󡣡
ҪȥȰã̫˵һ£̫ͬ
˴Ȱã楸̫˰ֵ̫˵Цһ˵˳
̫˹˵ôԭĿĵġ
ĸȥɢɢģͬ˰ա
̫˸·飺Լȥ
Բš
գգ۾ȻǵģǺ䡶һͬȥ
ʱƿӽƫģȥ治ңҲûгȥɢˡ
O̫˰Ͱһԡ
Цôᣬѯء
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졣ҡ̫˵֡
̫֪ҪȥȻĬɲıŮһңˣȻҪȥˡ
̫˵Ķͷû취ˣǽǼͺúɢɢİա䡶ӣҪ˺ǡ
䡻ôҪȥƸˣʶ֪ˡ
Oһ뵽ܼǸˣ˵楣ڴ
һ磬ù緹˾ȥƸ
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Ȼ޷Խ¥ھҲǺܻӭġ
λƵʻţƿӿľɫ㣬ղϲȥ¥ΪνҪôõ·ȥƸ󣿡
楿ڳϣ´ãȥƸȤϲ;ȥݷ𡣡
ЦҲǣòȥƸҲ뿴ء
ʱͣ£ŷ֣ǳΪأ˿˸֪ˡ
極ݹһɴ˶࣬δⱻײǴΪá
Щɻ󣬵ǹԹԴˣOҲûжʡ
ƸĻЦӭżȥһҡѡ˿λ£һߵžƲ˶һ߿¥µķ羰
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䣬Ҷţ˽ǾȣȴһϮ¡ĳ
Ψɫƽ߹
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䡰ҧȻǲ⣬Źκһκ楼Ļᡣֲ̫濺OһͬأҲǲġ
Ц½ҲƸԾƣ
Цףû뵽ôɣڴ˴ǡȻҶ˴ʶҾͲˣСүգ
ߣװҡ
ҲҪнա˵ţߵλϣǡ楶档
͵͵Цˣգգ۾
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ᣬüƣƺҪⱨֻСӣҲÿһһ
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ΪУΪʲôôɣĽֿ楣ġ
ʲôУ޿¿ֵ꣬óϲԾţû뻹δжֱˡ
̫ˣ
һң幫Զ
幫һͷ˿纳ɾɵķ٣Ž鱦һϮɫƽٵƶȹϱʩ죬촽ޣܺõڸסİͼ̣ʮֽˡ
໨֦¯ȼϣζģϵѬںһǰˣȴûһ˿ĶֻǾ
ˣΪ£
幫Լ̬ȣ֪ʲô֪ˡ
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幫סŭ⣬ͻȻЦˣҲ˵Ϸʲôˣ
Ц幫ҴδʳܵŮӡü޸ίˣǺú룬ϼ𣿡
幫üһ䲻ʲôϵѾҵˡ
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幫Цһ̳̣֮Ͷء
Ϊ˺һ𣬲֪ˮ֪ܡ
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幫ôĵӣ㾹Ȼıɱһ
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ѪֹϢ΢ˡȡҡ
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ȵѪϪһʣӶζ
һذףŴƣȻ͵ذγذףѪӿһ
ŵɴһ˫۾ͫ׵ӳŰ幫Ӱӡ̽̽ıϢˡ
ϻҵȻ֪ˣ幫ŭ𣺡˭׼ôģ
ϵѪЦݹ죺湫ɱڰ
幫ţҴδô㡭㡭
Ҳûк֮ǣԺͼ˫˫ˡ
幫ðﲻԾ˵ﲻԾðÿ£ֻһ뷨ǸϽӡ
ʱŵŵɡˡ
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иָŰ󺰵ɱ£
л󺰣µĺ˹ǲȻǹģΪʱ䣬ʱɱ˵£
޾ɫͷЦ幫
һȻǱǷˡ
һ˲䣬л϶ˣ幫ָʹɱ
ôǻʵ۵Ķӣ׵ıɱҲõİ취ץס幫Ͱʵǰ
лȴ󺰣幫Ůɱ£ץסǣˣ
幫ʶԣɱ޷ϴġֻǴ󾰵һΪô󾰻ҳǲɱƻʵ۶еǱץɣ
˼ˣ˲ð˳ȥ
סǳȥ׷幫̫żСײ˿ˣϵ̣ƷΣһʱƸҡ
ܵŵ˿ʼѯʷʲô£ȴл󺰣幫ɱ£ǧߣ
һʮʮ٣ܿƸ˶֪幫ɱһ£ɱĻԼδ
һ·׷һ·عƸ˶֪ˣغܿͻᴫǣʵ۵Ķ䣡
˹Ƹ˶Ųѣ׷׳˷䣬
ŵľƱڵأ㡭˵ʲô幫ɱˣ
Ҳţôأ幫Ĵ֮վҪˣ幫ôͻȻɱأ
極֣ɫҰף㣬ǻظգÿ¡
楰֣޹أغ¡
ɫǿЩظգܿ幫ɱһ¾ͻᴫƸԾƵҲܵǣδմϲҪ鷳ǾȥΪá
Oɪɪ㡭Լǣǿߡ
¶ǣá
βѣ濺Oʹɴһ˳˹Ƹص
һ·ϣǷ֣˶һŴ¸ոշѸ뿪˹Ƹһʱ·ʮӵ
ʱݳ˲ɣһ
ԭ極һȴǱ楾ܾˡô˵ˣֻܷ
Ȼص幫ɱ幫ηǱһ´ǰʵմŭȥ׷幫ȥ׽ӡ
ǵݣȴʧӰ٣ʵ幫пĻʹ
ʼ벻ףӺ幫ΪҪɱ
ţ˵˵ᱱƣڱ߾ʮͼͱԭҲʧھˡ
Ӻ幫Ϊȡ
һʯ쾪֮ͨͼǵΪ
棬дһһͼҡ
߸в֮ġ
ӵأͼı档
壬ֺԭ޿⣡
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ʵĿ𺣬ɨˣھϡ
֪ʵʲôһ
ʵɱҲ⣬ЩģϾ׷ô꣬Ĳ
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ǡڴʱһС̴Ҵҽ£ɱµץˣǱ幫ߵĸŮ
ʵ۳
ʣԼµйϲ䣬ָ幫ָʹߡ
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ʵɱ幫ҲˣԸɱ˳ˡ
ʵһ߷ƸŪޣһʳֵĹסɱ޵ĶηǱӣ޶Щʵ̫ˣǽ󾰻ҷ
ڳһڵأϢŭ
ʵɫǺ죺ּ⣬ţҪҳ
εĽͳּ̳ȥˣ빬ʵۣԳǼˡ
ʵԭⲽüͷ
һ˴˴һŵ£ӷӺ幫ټȥ׷ˡ
ȫùţʸʵۡ
Щ൯еһ죬ԭвǺ年ᣬȥ׷ˡ
ʵۿٿţԽɫԽ
Ӻ幫Ȼӳˡ
ųһڵϣŭӪϸѲ飬ؽ׽ù鰸
˴ŵӵ£ȥ׽Ӻ幫ģڱ߾ʮͼı𣿡
ʵЦһ̫ӣ˵
uУͻɱв֮ģ󾰳ĿĲ󸸻ȥ߾顣Ȼ˷֣Ӵ󾰣ڱ߾ʮѰִ󾰡֮뱱Ըʾʹּأ׼Բʮڱ߾λһƬģȴ
ЩͼҵĴԴǼңһҪͼҿ۸ı˼Ƿּ
Ƕˣһ侮ʯС
ͷһݣȻʶϵˣ
ӲԸ棬Ǽкӹı췴ȴǼٵġ
Ӧ˵Ӻ幫ΪģuкƵһıдδҪͱƹᣬֻһϷˡͱ幫̼Ϊ棬ĸ˾
ŽɣǾΪŰɶԥʱ򣬸u˻ᡣ
ͻȻˣԤ׵ˡ
Ȼ極·ı󶯣ֻҪаռƻܳɹһ졢׼ݣ˷ӦĻᡣ
uʵȥ߾飬һҲΪ⡣Żʵ۷ԸҲΪӺ幫ΪͼҹȻͶ˱ơӺ幫Ļϲϼͼִ󾰵ʱ򣬼ͼٵǲ⣬ƶȻȫû
ʱ򣬹;uͼͼҵġ
װ˼ҵ̤ʯ
ѻȸֻкͷΪһ塣ﶼѾףⳡʤѷ֡
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Ҫľǻص߾󾰡
幫ͷңմȾһҲˡпߵӣûðɱҲ֪Ϊλô
зԸ̷һҧ˰
˭ӿһӣŭ˭ǣ
е̫ӾǾ֮ߴĵʯ
ӴûǱʱݺݵҪɱǡ
幫һۣĳĬ֪ҸѾڱ߾ʮˣڳϲ˶ڵͼңǶû·ˣֻһߵڡ
һ·ûӣֶֿһڱӣӳ˼ӡԺҵϵλһúý㣬λ
ЦЦԺ˵գƷҵĻλźá
װһӹѲ飬뿪˾ǣ֮ﵽ˴뱱Ƶı߾
Լĵ̣Ц󾰣Һܿͻģܿ죬󾰶ҵģ
幫̽ӣĿԶǰһȺˣǱʮЦ磬ڻصˡ
Ҳǰ棬һ޼ʵĲԭӳǴ죬ԽԽů͡شɳִĴ˵ʹСһֱھǣصأЩӦ
幫죺ʲô
ЦЦ̿ϴľʮïʢǷЩ
幫û֮ķȷᡣ
ֺûݵأ񱼣ܿʮǰ
վڲt̨ϵʿԶԶ֪ͨˡܿ죬нԹӭڿһģʱ򣬾ӣǣ
ûʱͣҲʲôʵ¡
нʿϣ׼󾰣
ȻʼУ֪ʱϵ
еѾţգͻ˵뱱ƴϡ
ûʳԣȻգƺƵľӱӲԶˣΪ׵һŸͷ׵ӣƤԺڣһ࣬Կʱһλʹӣϸһемơ
Ǽеĸף
вïʢĲľӭȥףˣϵ˿ɺЩˣ
Ѿöˡ
ȻǼٵģ˺ݵһϷˡ
գգ۾ĸ׺͵ܵأ
ΪѾ͵һȫ֮أȵ½ͽǽӻһԲѾδȻӣȴǲ¶ֺ
Ӻ幫Ҳ߹ӱȭԭ
˿˼䣬幫Цһ·糾ͣǽգҲΪӷϴ
˶ûлش𣬺ڵȴʲô
һʿܹӣ󾰵Ĵ׷ˡ
ΪǴ󾰻ʵ֪ɽǰͱս
һӣ󺰵׼ӭս
ڲֻбƵʮмͼʮ׾ȡʤ
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幫㵣ܹȥ磬ôˣ
ӸʹʣϢ΢Сж
幫ߵ磬ѾΪܶˣλΪա
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幫дϲȴ汯磬硪
ˣӱ󾰴ɱˣ
Ȼǲ֪ղΪһӱˣȷġ
ӱȺףҡ˾ģԭ󾰴Ͷ࣬ǸռϷ硣幫棬Լе类ɱˣִ֡
վǰĿĿȱҪ䡣
幫￩һ£ôˣ
лһװȥķȴӢ˲幫ǵһοļУȻɫĪ
΢΢ŹͷֱĶ׼ͷ
幫ͷӣ
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幫Įı飬һ뷨ӿֳһ仰ѿڶƭң
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֪ǻŻǷŭ幫˳
ÿĺżУߵҶһƬģôôң
ϣǳһƬģΪ꺢ͯ𣿡
㡭ҡ
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幫ѵתҲ˳żɹķȥέһƥԶ
֣ӣϧ͸ң㶯֡
԰գ͸һޣܿӿɱĴС
幫ףԭˡԭΪɹ˼Уȴ֪һһڱ˵֮С
޺޵ĶżУһ̾͵˵ϡ
вһжǾȡҰĲִ󾰣Ҳ䵽³
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ʱ䣬ʸ꼱£Ҽͷ϶ȼŻ磬ܿԭϾȼ˴һͰͰõݵϣľïʢִ󣬴ԽԽӵԽ֮أдıƱ׷ױϡ
Ӻ幫ʬ屻ڴ˵ء
ʵ͵ۿԲέʮǰͼʮҲȡʤΪ˽նݳ͵۾ٶɱƴ޷֮
ԭЩˣ󲿷ԷΪԭǶҪģû˲ԭܶ˺ţ򣬶ش
ͬģǴ󾰽Ĵ֮᲻ԭԭĶɱǧǧİգԭյϺ͹ڽŵ²ȣðճΪЩĵū˶Ըġ
õȡʤϢ楲޶ٻϲ֮⣬ҲûжԱƲһ˿֮ͬġ
Ϊͷ̾˿
楿žˣһЦ̫̣
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極㲻ɱǣǲǵʴȣᷴɱ㡣ն䲻һܳҪǼһЩ꣬ǵõѵ׽սˣԴͬˡ
˵ҲãݶҲգٸһλᣬԻѡԿĽݹ̲󾰣ֺܿͬ塣
¶ӣū֪ˡ
Ҷϰ֮ˣռɱ¾ͬ鱱ˡδ󾰺ݺݴܱƣӺ̫ӿɶй֮ˣһúýǣҪˣȻҲһЩС˵־ģҪˡ
˵Ȼˡ
楸˸ϵգˣȥˡ
żظһ̫ˣס̫ӸԱչu
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΢ЦʺˣȻǷһٸĵġ
˵ŻСѾ߽õ
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ºu極˲ٶҩͺõĶˡ
Ͷ͵ĵڿ죬ƽҲûĽ㡣
uЦЦǹңֻܲӰˡ
極ǿĿˡ˵˼ҵŮҪܷӲˣӣҪ˼ĸƽһЩ޹ؽҪ֮ˣȷŵһߣҰɾ
uСƵĵǰ楳ܱˡ
楲˲ߵ鷢ʵ淲ҲΪֶŮõʹҲٰգ
uЦͬΪʼҿ֦ɢҶȻҵһҲһݡ
楲ΪȻǱºͻʺֻʹͣɼͬǻʼвġ
uʧЦ⻰˵˵ˣɲҪˡ
極֪ǴθЩԴĶ䣬ŮɼǸҰĵġ
u˼ߴߣΪʼҵŮˣߴҲпԭ
ЦһһԸ⾡ԼߴȻûģֻñʯҪ߱˵ĶǾʹشˡǴһЩ̫ˣЩ˲е˼
uЦ̾ʵҲף̧ٸ淴ѹңµӵΣܿҪ½ԣѡֵˡ
üһĨ⣺С֮ĶȾ֮
̫ĸΣǸ檣ѹ̫衣Ѿ˸Σͣǰȥ
ǰһģǺˣΪ̫ӣǺ£ֻ࣬ҪҵĺӾ͹ˡu
뿪ͺá極ָģ㣬ٸһλᣬ㻹޸̫𣿡
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ſǰֹôãκһӡ
䣬uϹһĵƣĪЩϤС
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˵ĸ߻ˣ㲻ҲһĵҲˣȶԽкôôҪֻͻȻЩϤ
ѩЦū澼ǵʱ˲ٺöһϲռЩϡǰ͵ġ
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ϸ۲һϵĻƣͻȻʲô㣬ƬҶȱһСǡ
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ֻһźuˣԼţǵȫϸģûġ
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ʱͻȻкŮ楣м¡
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εЦЦĸȻûȥТĸŤԽСˡãͻȥңȥ֪ᴺѩһȽת㡣
һа׵楱̫ӸصʱѾ¹͡
極˴Ȱãϵ˶ڡˣ˸λø
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̫ڳҩˣˣȴżз纮ôʦڣҶ˵˲ܣȴŽ
Ц᣺ĸˣüûĸһ𣿡
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ĸģܺã⼸ˡ
̫˵͸ûˡ
Цסһϣͻȥ
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Һ߿Ϊͷʵ̫ӵأ
ʺͻȻˣԲѣ̫ӵ˵Ϣ˵Ǻһ칬̼




209 ͻ
 

ʺˣӵһ٣ʲôʱ򣿡
غáԭ̫ӵӦõģǺûҲһֱŲЪϢ²ߵϢ֪ʺͻȻˣ±ֱӺλ칬̼ˡѩ
˵̼ʵ޵ɵšТΪȣӻŮǲǻʺТ˳ĸҲӦģҪĭɣuڻ̫ӣע
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ѩҧŴһӹڵϣЩȥգ
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һޱ޼ʵķŭ
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סĸţڸϵϢͺãȥ
ҲȰӻδãȥա
̫֪ȥЩ˻ҪȥҲҡŮֶΣҹȥҲá
̾˿ҲգڸϵϢ
£ǣĸֶԴѩ߱˵
ңȥ䡶һȥ̫Ӹ
̫˲ΡΡ׷ȥ·СЩ
楲ĴæûͣЪһŻ𣬺޲ý̫Ӹոɾ
һȰţż̫࣬һĸƽġ
֪ˣҾͲͬ´ͻ顣̫Цһʼ˵ĺԺƽ˵ʲôʱʹܳһֻ˵Ұޣ
뵽ݣֶ˼ǳ
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楴ߴٳٶȿЩһΪڡ
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ѩִֵ˭ǿάסƽ
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Ѳ̫ҽ
̫ҽȥʺﲡˡ
極ֽǣԸҶȥҽûоȥ̫Ӹ̫Ӹýʹ𣿡
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210 ֽѵ
 

ҹɫīдϸɢΧڵӳճһƬ˪ɫ
ѹ·ϣꤡߵּֿ죬ͣصҡšߵĴӿţ紵ɢĽƣҡΡ
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ѩΪ̫ӵ³ٳٲ飬ЩģٳٲߣԱҪȥ԰һߡū澡ūȰסֻȥˡ԰Ӵһᣬյ˵ţŷ࣬һҪȥЪˡǣǡ
ʲô
ѩڻȥ·ϣСѾʲôһ䡭
楴ϵҲ˵һЩﴫĶΪֳ¡
ǿЦϵģСѾ߲ȥź԰ʲôǡֱuˣѵɺ
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ѩɵ˵˵ƶʣ͸淶ȴΪ̫ӵ檡˵ϲϱ̫ӵµĸһᡭõ·ΪֶŮϻʺ֮λ̫ӵһТ˳ĻΪѡ͸ҹϵõĹ빬Ϊʱ̫ͽˣС̫еĺӶᱻ߸һʼ̫ûжôǾȻᵽ̫ӣ̫޷ܣҪǣˤһӡ
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վƲסŭһ죡
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羲ĴӱһǣתͷȥڵӺͺҹڵһҲúҹһ䡣
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Һǳ󵨣̫ٲȥ̫ʲôԣ㿪ţ
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ӲͷƤְѲһҪȥְȽȥͨ
ͨǸͨ籨Űգ

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˵꣬ʹ粽׷ȥ
ŵĵڵϣ⡭ⶼʲô˰һȻ̫ӸĻš
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ܿ͵Ժںľŵӵǡ
δ˵꣬楾ѾԶˡ
ӿ׺䡵Ӱ󺰵ôܴе̫Ժأ̫
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ľӱң͸ææʱʱŵĽк
ߵ⣬˴󺰵淣̫Ѳһʲô⣬ǱǱС
һΪѵ˵ȻǻҪ̫ӣҲѡ񱣺ӡ̫ӵһ̫һҪˣǿɾǷ˴
̫ӵ²ڣֻһӣһøա
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ԶԶЩŭԽԽʢȴŭЦŶѵ淾𣿡
һһͷȴǷһµ˹󻹸䡺һڻ
ΪŸͷЩң˸٣ֻһ֧
¾ɣס̫Ӹţô楽ˣ
ѹסͷţǰ񣺡
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ͷޣȴһǫң֪ݱ΢̫ӵº̫̫ӵڹ̼̫Ϊû˹ȥֻܣֻܡ
۵ǱһۣԴȥ
񿴵˾ǣ˲ڣ極ӾߣѩҲһȳһյĸں档
ŷִѩֲ÷ûпԭȥͨ籨!
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楱ס⣬һȰδ󣬾ǽȥҲ޼£ܻҡΪ̫СͰŰա
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ϸأ̫СҪģȻҪˡ
Ȼģڴ˴Űա極ǽȥ

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棬ҲǷԸˣѲôģ
ֿЦ淣˭˵̫Ӹʹս˭
淺޺޵Ҳ̫ˣҾǸ檣Ҳ̫ӵŮˣֶŮ̫ӵµĸͲ½ҳΪʵǻʺ󣬹Ϊ
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Щģգ͵һҡ
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Ѫζ楻Ȼſuǰţ㡣
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ҲŲҪ楺ܾûп޹ˣһˮչǽΣ㲻Ƹҡ
uˮӨӨɳƣǸĺӣһܻǵġ
楷ס֣棺㣬㲻Ҫôͷòã˵ˣӺܺãĸƽġ
uҡҡͷǡûˡ楣ǱӰաڻʼңնһҪһǣòã
վʶᶨãֻһ׽㣬ҵĽ㣬ұΣ
楣㡭
תǰĿẮһǡ
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Ĩ˰۽ǵˮЦˣҲܣҪǱס㣬ŲţеǷҪǵ
޴룺ǡһΪ
極ǾǱ롣
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楾ﲻԣܡʱһŮһֻ
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ȴûҪιu˼㣬ҵ鵽һ߰ա
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uڴڴĲˣûˡ
ͷӿϾ޴ıˣ㣬Ҳʧȥ㡣ԣҪӡ
Сuҡͷ
Ѿ˲uˣҪԸűˣžʧˣ̫Ѫˣ
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Źڵϣūûк˵Կһ
ǰһڣιȥǿţŲ鸡߳⡣
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淽͵ҽͻȻˣؼȥչˡ
ĿɭȻֱֱĶĬȻã߳Ļȣãܺá
֪ôʤȯգǸ淾û䣬һ̾ͻµ
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ֻıһѵؽţʹԸӡվ£ٱֳģɫֻʶֻ
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л͸׷ϡ
ܿ죬ҶͰѶݷǰ˴ˡ
˼龰סˡ
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淲鲻Ըǡ
ʰЩˣuʹĽкҲڱ˺š
һסݷ󣺡ѪˣȾ
ݷ̫ܵӸڴԣҩʲôϽҽȥ
֪ģuı㣬ǲuġ
͵uһʬˣôþȣ
ڲſڣŮӣôܽȥ
ݷƤһǴ򣡡
ô̫ӸѾǴҪ̫ǧ֮ôܱðûʼεأ֮飬֪֮ң̫ҲҪһغͳѰ˼ҵĸҲôȥο̫أ
ԣΪνĹغͳҪҽ𣿡һƽ䳰ã㵽Ϊ˻ʼ룬ΪԼ֪
淵䣺ʲô˼ҡ
ûʱ֮極Ҷҽȥգ˭ıãı̫
ҶӦˡֺãԸһȺŮڻ£ż¾ͰǴһȥˣöݷȥ
ſһͻȻ֣Ǵ󾪡ݷúȺ˷ϻֱȥuǰ
˵ݷҽuᱻȹЩֽŻᱩ¶ʱɾͲˡ
ôͬӽⲻϹءǴȥ̫ӵºͻʼᱻĨڡ
еĺˣа취ĿôµһҲ¶ȥ
淼ˣȴװģΪ̫淣ȻҲ̫Ӹӣ̫֪췢£һҵġұҲͰˣ̫ӵ»˺̫ҡ
˵ţҪԽ楽
һ̣楾סָһǶ⡣
˺˼ϡŵ楣㾹Ҷִң
һЦƽľ㣡СС淣ȻҲǰգѾ޿ˡ




211 ĸƽ
 

Ȧһ죬ô֪Ϊ̫ѲѪżҲǨŭҰֻΪ˻ʼ˵˼ʵͶִˣԼܹ𣿡
һҹ֣
ߵַŸãߵȻ󣬵Ҳ̫ӵµŮˣ޷ֵҡǲ̫ӵ·У
ȻðȻôίô̫ӵ»Խ¸֪»᲻ҡ
Цһ̫ãһ̫ί̫ӵҲֻίȫ
ŶǾõ´淲ˣ
һҭūҡ
ɫ˲ˣͱ죡֪̫ӵ²Ϊһңʵʵر֡˵˵һ䣬͹ȥ
Ǹɵصģϲϣϵ͸Ҳ̫ҲӲΪû뵽ȴ楽ѵˡƫƫ˼ҵݰأﲻʹҲҺǺˡ
ɫǺ죬Ҳ֪ĻߵġŸŵĸƾӹϺλŸϸıu֮£ͰԼδĻʺˣҲһΨΨŵŵԽ⡣
楰㲻򹷻Ҫأ檣Ҳ̫ӵ檣̫ĸĹĸ
δŰĹŮˣ
滨꣬ίǽ̫ӸɺԺΪǱϾ̫Ӹӡ
楳˳ǣҪֻ޲ΪŮˣ㡪
ЦЦĸһ죬㶼ֻǸ檣ҪФ벻ԼĶ𣿡
Ļǳ衣
һҪʰŵŮˣ
ƺһ۾Ϳ͸˼ЦָˣܱסԼ͸ллˡ
ɫһ䣺⻰ʲô˼
楲شֻ΢ЦϧڵӰա
˵꣬ת˲
õֵϣɫţ֣ʲô˼
ֵ淣룬һʮСʲôŻŻѡߣﰲŵ޷죬͵̫ա
ֵ֣Ըˡ
楽˲ŨصѪζŻȴסˣuߡ
ʱuѪɫ촽⶯ţ˵һ仰
æס֣˵ˣס
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ʣʶݷ磺ҽˣ
ݷɫأu鿴ţΧǼţǸŭԡ
ǣˣֱ˵ǡ
ݷվЦһ˸̫ҩ̫ŻûѲ֢֮Ѫҩɡ
ŭϮżʲô취Ƚ㣿
ݷҩ䣬óҾֹסѪٿҩҩ£Ǹϵüӻоȡ
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ݷһ㶣á
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㣬楽ҩҶȥã콫ЩҩץϸţҪõ˾֡УЩ
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һΣ֣ô죬̫ҪþˡҶֽţҾˡ
ֵ淲Ҫǣʲô鲻ģʲô˵ߣﻳĿ̫ӵµĶӣ²ôġ
˼һΣסСԣһкӣ¿ںӵҲᴦҵġ
ȰοԽʱԽҪסҪץѱ
楣Ŀ͸ֽ˸õӰ
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䡸ˣ㣬㵽Ҫʲô
ҡҡͷܿ࣬뵽ס
ԣŭ㣬һҪıҳҪúĥú
ģһᡣ
uߣͲŵҲ˺ܳʱˣδǹɱĸ֮𡣡
֪˶ãݷ˿Ѫֹסˡ
鼤u㣬ǲ֣ӾҪˣ㣡
uغţҡġ
ݷòƬ̫ţЩôٴˮ
˵ֵͷŵæ׼üӺ͵
żˣλҪǻá
楱ĿڼɨҲ˭ǱģûʱǼƽЩֻһ仰ס㣬һСȫˡ
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ſ̫һۣҧҧֻܰնݷ˵ȥ
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ֻδĺӣôСҲָжôһıĺ˵ôġ楴ϵ
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һкuϵıԽʹ࣬㵵Ŀ楣ګګڣֻǡ
֪ΪΪĸ᲻úӣҲ᲻̫ӵĹѪ楻ȻվҾ֪ڽҺĸѾҪˣͿʼαף㻹Ų
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վٿ첽˲㣬ú˵ĻʲôҪģһƴҲҪסӵֵֵã
ݷǱϣ̾˿
Ŵߴٵʹ㾢ȻĻġ
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Ľһϣ峿΢һĿ쳹Ժӡ
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Цĸƽֻ̫Щ
Ĳɵµ֪̫ΪһС£һܸ˵ġȥбϲǡ
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楴΢ҹ̫Ӹǵڶûҵ𣿼ˣĺúð̫ӸѲϲЩ˵Ҳ٣Ͼ̫İΣҪ淣˵ǲǣ




212 Ĳ
 

ԲҪǿ
΢ЦˣΪ˽İΣֻίˡ
ĿƵģƷҸߣ̫Ӹҫûʸ̫Ӹ¡
ЦҾҪ֣ҺΣ
Ҫ𣿡
ü۵Ȼôֲû룬ȻҲԵġ
淣
Ŀŵڱ˼ָֻţƫƫô
һԿҲǸż˳õ䣬ʹ˸ɫ
һ㶣ᡣͻȻС¶ʹࡣ
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ҵĶӡ
־ŵǲǶ̥Ҽ添أѾһϣˡ
ƳһۣŶ𣿡
ֵɲģ添Ŀ̫ӵµĺӣǺӳ⣬Ҳû취½գ
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ʧˣګګ㡭
極ЦȻУСĶԴû֮ǰòҪŲģҽҽ̫֮ҽҲ˿Ϊûġ
ҧҧɫ֪㲻ϲңҪҶˣǺ޹ģ㲻ΪΪۺӰ
楹𴽽ǣ˵ˣˣҲΪá
ǡ
תҶԸȥ̫ӸĻ͸ڸغãκ߶
Ȧģ㵽Ҫʲô
ҽΪһ°ա楿˵
ݷһɫۣ˹Ŀ㣬ȣǺмƣһŮ
ߵǰְֵա
Ŀ⺬ų淣㲻Ǻܹĺ𣿡
ú޼楣Ҳֻ֣ͷˡ
ݷ˿Ϊ淲ģӺܺá
üһ˿΢ЦлҾͷˡ
ЦȻӺܺãί淼գһͬȵ»
˵꣬ͽ˲
uѾ˹ȥӡ
ӣuǰüôˣ
ݷ糤̾һ̫ӣҪúõǡ
һתͷͿϵѪһһʹνܹգ˶ҽ
ʩһ񣺡գ楱ضԵŵл
ݷæأҺͳʶѾãЩӦġ㵱ϣ̫ͺӾΣˡ
楿һuͷҽΪӰգҲġ
ݷͷӦõġ
ﴫӤǿĿݷ㲻СҲ̫ӹŹһء
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ЦģճĺӶģͺˡߣÿСҲȻǸء
΢΢һЦ˴ӵС
⻰˵ĲuȻǸαӣƤȴĲuҲǸˣǵĶӳҲǸӡ
ţӱͻȻ۴ޡ
æӲԡ
˵ţֽôӡ
ãֹͣ˿楾ͱźӳ˲
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楻ͷæһҹҲˣӾͽϰա
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˵Щδͷλˡ
һ׳ŵӵǰķԸΪСĸƽûǮҲͰˣιҪѺǣ
ҶĿڼɨҪԼˡ
̧˽ȥʰ𣿡
ͷҪ˵ʲôҶͽ봺Уuɵ߳˲

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ÿ楱źӳеĶʻԽԽʢ
˵ճӣuƽ£̫ӸվȽŸˣĺӻ̫ӡʵۣԼĺӣǸ΢Ӱˡ
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˵ûڱı˭ţ֮ԾҪýһʬֵʱвԼ̣ΪҪ飿ֻ˼Ÿ淶ĺӣǿһҪĺӣǲǾãɹ˽٣ͿԲǵˣɴ»СС»ˣҲӦܵĿ࣬ҶҪǰٱ
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ƴΪӣϣܱ
uȻҵĶӡ
楴һĨǳĻȣҾͷˡǼѾ˿ˣҪҪȥʣ




213 ȸںһ
 

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ЦЦƳuһۣuʶһ楣һϷģʱкʧ
ȷһԸǰûġ
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˵uʲô뷨֣ΪǰuģΪԼ棬Ĭ͸浺u
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ҶϲȻȥ˰øõׯӡ




214 ̽
 

楿ϣЦˣ¾ͽˡ

üͷչǰȷǾ룬ɱĸ֮ˡ
ҶȻ򣺡Խ̫ǰ֪һǸڱ߻ȴֲֻᣬֻū澽͸¶
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Ů磬ҡҡͷ




215 ͻȻһ
 

žuʵ۽ߣλӺ͹ţȻҲڣʵĸ
楽ŲỺ߽Уʩһ˿ˣڲסĲ졣
һۣȲ衣СҲ̽ʺ
ס
ѵһǻʺﻹδֻҪһˡ
極ͷȥʺŮ٣֪𣿡
Ůū澽ȥա
˻ʺ޵ָ楼Ĩᣬ֪ĻΪǶൣĻʺء
̧Žȥ楲һ٣վˡ
̧ͷ¶һ˫۾סеԹޣҲ̽𣿡
極մҲﲡأȻӦ̽
ϻһ˿ڽת˲ʧˡ
Ӳ۽ǵˮģѹֻʺϲ㡣
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öǸȴⲻʲôû
һǵΪµźʺӦģʵ㲻ʲôֻ࣬ŻʺһڷǰիҲԸ⡣
𴽽ǣһƬģŷһᱻжʺһѹġ
ѹԶˡһɽݶ󾰳ֻ̫һˣ
ѹеĵ⣬楿ʲôԸ˰ա
楸ҪȥͻȻֻعͷ淡ŶӦóΪˡֶŮҺʹ㶼ţ¶ıú̫һ޹أһլʺ벻Ҫ𡣡
ֻıһʯͷסˣĿۡ¶ˣҵֶŮ£βѣuңҾͺˡڱָˊuණźЩ
ȴǣüƻʧܣ᲻Ὣȥõİ취ɱڣҪȥׯɱ˸ǼΪѡ˼ȥûu̹ΪãuΪάɱ˸áȻҲ᲻ʧȥһ
һ˫Ӷۻ𣬸ע£һӿ
㣬極ֻǴ㱻˰ڹŹһ⣬Ҫһʱ빬лˡ
ȻҪ»µġ
ʱƴҲҪסӵģΪ̫ӵҲǺ£ҲС¡ʱ͵һͬС빬ݼºͻʺҲԼһСءСĺܿɰһϲġ
ڸļƻҲҪҧģŮҲ޸uµӣu˾˰ա
û뵽ӲuҲ˹Źء楶£ɵ
ڣʺҪˣʧҲܶࡣ
Ϊ˸ҵ٣ԸԼӣǰģˡ
˵ҲЦͳ˾ңȻΪ룬ΪңҲԶ̡
ֻǿϲҲһֱżӣֻϧҳ˹ſ̫ӸСסչˊuĸӣҾͷˡ
۽˵û뿪̫ӸңͲᷢˡ
ģôܹ㣿ϷȻҪȥ̷ҵġ
極̫̾ӵһƬТģûйҡ
ĥС˽ǹµġ
ȵȡԣô̽ͼգ
ò˵ڳһӣ楽Ϸġ
һϰµģƿӽȥˡ
ָ΢Կڸţ˲Ļš
ƽһյ衣
ǲյհߣͻȻŮٴ󺰣̫ҽʺѪˣôˣﲻ
ʺˣѪˣ
һյڵأһ
楻ͷȥȻһΪʺﵣģȻ嵽ģģʺ̫︣ҽڣһתΣΪġ
Ȼתͷˣʰã˵㡣
㣬ǽȥʺա




216 
 

Խůɻ˻ıɴȹԽԵ񻡣
ݲʣʵƺ̫ģһûĸˣǼʵ۵ĻҲ١ԳŻʺأʵʱ̽ʺǶ뷽跨ʵע⡣
ϧʵö࿴Ǽۡ
ϿʵʧȥݶˣʵΪʵ۱ݱķң뿴󹬵Ůˡ
ȫ˽ʵ˼ģǲźۼĸЩɣʵ۵֮ŭ
ʱĻʵվڻʺǰŻʺ԰׵ɫ粻ԭ鷿ʹ󳼡̫£ʺѪϢϷҲҪ칬һۻʺ
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ʵۻͷšüôã
ʺһֱܺãͻȻԲѣȻỳʲôϲʺ󣬶ƤӵʹʲôֶΡȻ˿ԺʺôҲлẦò
̫ҽͷЩˡ΢ȷϲ
ϲʵɨŵһ̫ҽŭЦ̫ҽԺ̫ҽΪʺﲡȴʲôûϳѵ޵̫ҽԺһȺ𣿡
˼ʵ۷ŭˣϢŭ
ʵЦһʺԵ޹ʲأ̫ҽԺãϢŭ
սӣﲻ˶˾ʵ۸ˣ򶨣©š
˼ˣŮнӹյݵʵǰ£ʺҪ尲ͬҪӣʺһӵǣڲ档
ʵһۣ㿴׵Ȧ㲵ɫɫЩ
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u̫ҽô˵װͿҲʣ̫ҽ˵Ĳλҽȷҽ
ʵ۳Ƭ̵ˣǲ˴ա
ʵ⻰˵ĲܽȻʺǶݷĸӦøлʵۡ
ȫּ⣬˳ȥá
˵ݷҽһݷϳʺǱ¶ô죿
ʺµĲǱĶԾлظùѪزݡ
˵ʺϢȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ鲻ʺʲôʲôҲˡ
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ʺһֱܺãûжȴͻȻأʵ̫ˡ˰Դţ뵽ȥˡ
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һĨ;ӣֶѸٶ㿪ֻһۣʲôˡȻǵˣȴҲѵúһأαˣ
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ʵuϣʵ۸Ͻģǲ׵ȴǲУ˵˻Ὣ߱۵ͷϣϣʵġ
ܿ죬λ󳼾͸ϹˣһʱⳳµģΪʵҪݱˣuܿҪϻλ
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˻ʼˣЩҲ˻ʵ޹һôȻʹ飬»ʵ۵塣
ʵЩһһԽķҡԼ죡
ʱָ˼ž
ʵ˼ֲɣδ򣬿ɲʲôԵ𣿡
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ʵɫɷףֿ˼ϢŭϢŭϢŭǻ˵ʲô
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ʵǶͬ뷨Ȼۺ޹ʲ˵а֮֡˵ȻܾţҲܲţʼңŷֻżɻ䣬ղ֮ڿڰˡ
ʵ۽Щ˵˼µ߰˰ˣ
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ʵ۰ڰ֡
Ǩ£Ƭֻ̺ˣ˵̹ڵء
ȫۣ߼Ƿʲô
Ǩس΢ҡ
ʵ۳ˡ˵ա
ǨԥһȻر£΢¡
⻰˵Ĳˣʵкַָ֪ܶʲô
ʵɫް˭
Ǩ΢ȷȴԶϷ򡣡




217 ׹֮
 

ʵֽһټΪŭɫҲѸǺ
һ´ŭ飡޵Ҫ˭ô󵨣ڹ֮˭ռݱ
ȫæأӣ˭д˴治֮£
ʵɫ䣬Цˣ֪һ꣬ʵռݱգ
˻æҡ
ңʵЦɵӣʲôһ
uͷӿЩõԤУƳ楣ȴֻһ˿ķ٣ı顣
£ǰʣҪ壬ֻС˿ɳ֮
ʵĿɨһۣ̫֮֮
뷨ӦȥϷѲһգһܲʲô׹֮ء
u֪Σȴǲܲ˵ãӦȥϷ鿴һ
ʵ۵̫ȥաȫɴԴȥ
ȫһۻʵ۵ɫūּ
˵꣬ˡ
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ֲУӡϷĳֹȻǱ߻ֱνǳġ
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ʱȫһ̻ˡ
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ʵ۽üϻӡ
ȫ⣬˵棬ԽϻӴ򿪡һ˲Χ𵹳
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ڣȻӹѳСľˣһŻɫֽ룬ʵǵ죡
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ʵۿֽ֣ȻɫСľˣѵģ
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ʵŭЦô֪Ϊλ£˵ճΪ̫󣬳Ϊ󾰳Ψһ̫󣡡
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ʵԲһӶ㲻ңΪλ㹬ѳණѵ˹ŵ㹬𣿡
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ܲ˸ᱻ۲ТĮ֪ʵۻǨŭǱ顣
˼ˣӹ򵹣ʣжᣬĸ̷꣬ȻЩ´ĵȷ̫׵Ҳ޴֮ˡڹʵʩʤ֮Ǵ˵󲻾ĻҪҲᰲŵһʧôױѵأԵ߼޻ţֻС˵óѣΪ󾰴ֻ
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ʵ۹һЦ㵹޹ĺܣ̫ӣˣ㲻ͿյǻΪ𣬶ҲɳΪΨһ̫ŵ£ȴ˵ԩٹ٣˭Ϊԩģ
ڴ󳼣
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ʡuǰ
ŵļʣң£ԩuԩ
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Żŵһɺԣ̫ﻳĿǱôĺǣ
ô𳰷Ļȣ̫ȷ̫ӵµĵճӣǣΪӵĲֹ̫һΪһ̫һֵ
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˵˵޲ö죬£Ҫһ֮ʰΪԼ汳ġ
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˴ˡһ˫񰡣ʺأһuڹʺһûܺȨ
ǻʵҲ˾͸ˣֱӳ̫ˣŮǻʺ󣬸ϼΪ󾰵һȨ
ļóһ׹֮
ʵһߵϡ
ͱŵû̱һ̵ڵϣһʱͷҲɢˣ·Ҳˣû˶ׯ߹󣬱üΪǱ
ʵŭ𣺡Ϊǵ棬伫ն̫ˣԼݣʲôȻ̫ѡı޵ĵճ
ʵ۴ȻǸĮֶɵˣûǺuһ̥ģԵuһʬʱ򣬲żŭߣu״͸uһֱųuǲ
ӵһӱסʵ۵ȣ£ԩģҪŸõһ֮ʡ
ԩز㻹Һԩʵһ߿㲻ı޵׹֮ıʺޣ㷸µһٴΣҲ
£֪ٺԩֻʵ۸񣬿£֪檴ˡҲһʱͿڳ̷ôķϣԭ³һΰա
칫֪ԭĸһֱҪɩӣΪŮҲǶuĻεġֲʧȥ㼷Ⱥܵʵ۴߹£ͷأʣĸ֪ˣԭһΰա
ʵۿһ죬ʲôʱҲǷǲˣѵûĸʲô𣿡
칫ӯӯ֪ĸ˺ܴĴǶֻһĸס
δ䣬ʵ۾ͱɫ˵˵ʲôʺĸ𣿡
һֱͼʹɫuʧ
ȭͷһͷʣĸ⺦̫棬׹֮һЩʱ䣬Ȼࡣ




218 ƴ
 

ʵЦ飿ǲ࣬Ǹʱ֤ݣ˶
ʡuɫ̣򲻸ҡ֪ŭ˴ľǱһеСֻ͵Цһжα֮׹֮ݺĸһֻȴ¸Ӵ󵨵£ʱͻҹǣҳ٣Ҵ󾰽ɽٺһ븸˼Ҫĸ
ʵ۹һЦ˼ǣϺͿˣ޴ĸǴģһã
ңֻǡ
ûʲô˵ˡʵ۲ͷشϣµȥѾˣǸΪ˰յϻλΪ˸ҵٻı̫׹֮ı޺ͻʺ󡣡
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˵Ŀ̲ϣɽУĵر£Ȳ˵׹֮ǲΪָʹı̫ͻʳһ£͸ôն
ʵ׹֮ģ
ɽ̾ϢһմȻҪġ
ǻʵ۵ӣuĶӣȻǲһͬõˡ
Ǹңûôˡ
uȻҲ֪һ㣬ǸңŸұ塣
ʡuԽżͷʣ
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ŵĻ겻壬ʵ仰˸顣
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ò˵Ȼ޴ЩҲʲôˣȴǸĸףһһΪu밡Ҫ˺޹õӦ
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ݷӣλ淽һһУҲǾ̵İգ
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ȻµĲ׹֮ݺѵһԿϷʹӡ
ݷȻ˵ĵ˾ѡ
ͷʵߣЦЦȻ㲻ϣҺ;ֻǴһζݵĺ֮Ķǲݵġ
ݷȻһ˲Ͳ̫ӻعԹ㣿
楻벻⣺ڸҵϿһѪûմɸɾûɻҡߣҪҪɱĲǾҲҡ
Ǹ߸ϵš
ݷ֮ͷˣ˵ˣҸûؼˡ
΢Цҽߡ
ݷ˸ս㻹ǱҽˣһãƺңҾûڡ
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極˵ѪֶΣ˵ʬǵϻλģһɣСۡǳŹȥãûǡ
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219 ྴ
 

һuֵȻһԭ򡣡
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極о仰ܲ
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Ծӽص·ӳɵɫԵոţҲոӵĮ
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ǰôˣϲƲϵҲ
ԭ極ϲ߷֣һٶлľܾ˳極ϲһ˰˾ŷ֡
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ﶼװһ濻ûгТǲҴ̫ȴط¹һۣԽԵɫ𪣬·Ҳѡؾɫ廨ںڵͷ纳һܽع٣ֻһ֧ɵܽػո˼ַ˳ҲԽԵ硣
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ŷ飬ããȥˡ
ƿӣͺһ˫Ц۾һΧҲͣ½Ųе͵͵
ΪģΪȻҲμˡ




220 
 

뵽˵Ĵԣ֡
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221 ż
 

ܴϤ֮󣬱ȥɼͣ߳ȥ棬Ȼлͳɶżġܴڳɶǰ˵ϵĺûأͶϲ˰Ľ֮ģûܴ˵ĿҲ뷽跨ϡ
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楽ӹȥң;Уڵ귢Щɣֻǲţû֤ݣ

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極֪ܶ˶ϲȥݷ𣬾סҲǳ£ܴ˴Укβͬ




223 
 

Цʣһ֪ˡ
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楴̧ͷԭЩģһࣺˣ
ƽͷ֣ȥա
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˵ţǣһͬɽ
ȥ˻ͥһ̲ų
ܴںδ
Ԫ磬Ԫӷģ°׵ˣᱻ˷֡
ͷ極߰ա
ĺ仨ʱڡݷͳ塣
·羰ãٷ˹ﶼϲʱ˵;棬ݷ𣬻רסգʦ
δⱻ˿ƧС·ܿһϡ֮ء˵Ӳݴľҡҷɢɢķľɷݣȱ𴦸
»ˣû뵽»˻֮أǼ䰲ġ
񵭵ЦΪش˼ԲŰȫɿ״ﵽĿġ
򣺡˼ǣܴ
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ҪشͻȻԪӣǰ档
˾ĿԶӰڻζܿͽȥˡ
ԪӣҪҪ½
ȴЦأҪݾߡ
Ԫ֪Ů˵ĻӵĻãûԥǡ
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һƾɵӣ֩Ĵ˺һҡѾˣֻżľ嵲ſڣ滹мȥֻ
شţӣһѷŮ˺üǳڽָϽס˿ڱǣ
ֵǣһߣĿӲͬǣһһʯǣԼ洫ʲôߵĺɽԵЩɭ
ʵϣⲻͨӣһӣԿ̨ףһֱͨҡ
ڣɡ
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ģҺΪĹѪҲúôҲԼǳ㣬ȥˡܴ̾Ϣ㲻֪Ϊ㣬ҿĽŮԴģԸõһУӦøмҵġ
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ܴԹԵصֻϧǸϱ̫ӲȻӹһ١Ҳ˶£Ȼڶ˷ʺ͹˶ȻҲˣҪǣʵѰ
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عŭ㣬̻ҵŮ
ܴ˼ЦǸϲ̨ļӣһ̣ͻˣһɩءΪٻʺֶŮҺǳ룬ΪŮԸȫĳ롣
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ܴ߷־Ӹ£ֻҪӦҵҾ֡ҸԴӣٲºòãȻֻҪԸ⣬ѳһͬҲԡϻúúҲΣգ˵òã
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عһ鰸ϵıīֽⱻɨڵء
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224 
 

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226 
 

һһˣϷתѣһ԰׵ĳ壬ܴ˵ϴϱ𣿡
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ΪζţҪϻõĺӼ̳ܼңҲΪ¶ҲԽϻõĶӡܼٷ˵λãȨ˭Ըñ˵ĶӼ̳мҵأ
ܴ֪뷨һ޴ԼĶΣֻҪСԼôӾ͸ǵֻТ˳ĸ
һТ˳ӣһֱʸϼңֶΪأ
ֻ˵̫СסܴΪ˵õع˶ʱ䣿ֻóһ꣬ͲԸˡ
һʼΣڵľѰȷԳܡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻܼϣܴˣȻҪװͬˡ
һӹڵϣҲ֪δҪңԩġҸĸ˫ǹĸңҵܼңҰٰշɩҲҹػҡҸмǻأôûĵ¡Դңң벻ҪҡǲţԸһ֤ף
˵ţ۾һתȻǰײȥ
һϷ죬ס
һ˲ҶȥųɵĽ˵ϡ
˵ǡȡʵֻӣ֪ΪܼܼҲѪġֻҪ־ϴĻᡣ
û뵽Ҷôô³һˤڵϣƺͷҪˡ
ܴ˿˳⣬Ǿһˣ
Ϸ˼屻£˿Źȣк𱸵ɹʲôԩ˵ײӡ
尧ޣҡҲܼڲ壬ǿҪҿһıɩֻǸµˣֻһ֤ˡ
ǡ楺εĳЦ壬Ҳ֪ڴܼڲ𣿼Ȼ֪һ㣬Ҳ뵽ܼһ㣬ˣײǶһ𣿻ߣ㵱ɵӣǵС˼
һҭԽӿƺһܴߡ
ΪξͲܷŹһ¿أ֪ͱɩ֣ҲǨŭ޹װ´ȥԺˣˡ
ŭ棺ϷˣǲҪ˵˵һͰװǹôչ㣬ԭȴң
꣬Ҳ֪㣬Ҫôݺҡ
ѩ޵ҧµ㻹ôһǵ˼ѾȻˡǹﲻ㣬ΪǸŮңЩ棬ȴôߣһṴӡ
ûУʧ
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˵ʲôί꣬ҲǸңô˼ϣ˹ĸûʲôˣΪɩΪҴϲԱ׽ߣɩǴҹ㣬֪׽ҲܶĿȾѧΪ˴ĵû뵽ɩôң֪ˣԸ뿪ܼңҲԸǱɩķɩѾ硭ȾȻңȻҪֶθߡ
˵˴һЦɩҪֱ˵ǣα鷳
ѩܻ˵ҼҹŲһ޳ܣҲʲôݣΪ˸㣬ҹҪԼĹ𣿡
ָҽǼʱϵ˵Ҳ֣ɩС˶֪͵õϢˡ
˵ϻݺͼ
ۿ۵׺޸飬ڿһ΢ϡ
屻ŵˣ˼ʲôԸģҪҡȻֻǸŮȲͱɩ󣬵ҲǺ˼ҵŮǼ̤ˣŹҰգҸͷˡ
˵ţͷأͷһһ죬һᣬͷһƬס
ЦЦһĻʵʵĿͷλ졭
ܶ˵ˣѾĿɿڴˡ
ܴ˿ųϷҲѾһˣ𣿡
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ϥеܴǰĸ߰գҲñɩˣѾʧȥһˣôô˽ڸʹء
Ϊƣ޹һûУϻãϻխݲΪ˸ϧĺӡ
Ҳĥϻһˣ֪ߵغıﾹȻ
楸ʹ˸ɫס
ԽԽ񫣬ϥеϷ˽£קȹڣ޵Ϸˣ֪۱ɩҲԩġֻҪԸңͿԻϼңٳڱɩǰˡ
Ϸֱüû˵ƺڷֱ⻰١
֪ܵļӣ˵˵ʲôʲôŮܻŮ
ʮֵŭ⣬ش˶С
˲ͷǹ˴һȺСˡڵļ
̣˶һ
ĿҲȻֹ
ܴеһСãǡ
ŭЦɩӣҽһɩӣŮҲŷĵĽ޸ӣԭ㾹ģһ֪߳ܵļŮͷϣŮ㻹˵ҵŮ
һׯºͣǵһ˵Ļɼպˡ
ܴ˺һֻͣܺ˵ᡭ
ϣᣬʲô᣿ɵ𣿡
񡣡Ϸ߹ʹ˸ɫ˿Ц
ЦŮıһ±˿Ц𣿡ϷǰǿѹɩϲŮԸ޸ӣ˵ٸֶŮʲô˼ѲϼҺ۸Ůͨ۸
ܴ̾ģôһĸôô
ЦŮǼ޲ȥҲǷҪ޵ң˵Ӹǻáǣǲںŵڣ֮ԽףǿƷУôҺүˡˣ͸ϽдӴ˺лŮ޸ɣԸȢʲôŮӾȢʲôŮӣ޹ˡǡ
۷ֱ۾ҪĶ봦ˡ
ĸңŵĴ޺ĸԩģԩİ
ǳءưװߵڰ׵ʱǺбôųӣϽ죬Ҳף
֣ǰˡ
˵˵ԩģˣΪա
ܴ渲˪˾Ȼ
Ȼ׹һ楣楴ùôģ
ǸƻСֲ꣬űֵô򾲣ԭ׼
Сã̫Ǵ´ȥҪҪˣ
ѵǿƣΪΪ֤Ը⣬οأߣǶ˵ôᴫȥɩҰѻ飬׵ģȻǸǣͲҪҲˡ
˵ţһ֣һȺһӵϣȥ
ϷҲôʣһùȣ񣡡
ܴ˾ùڴСã




227 
 

񡣡ܴڹǰô˵ǶһˣûҪֵôѿգҲҳɼҵŮȲŮݹأҲ˼ҵĹ˵ϣҳɼҵӣڻסܼңܼҲÿСã治ϲҲûϵҿҸͷȥ˾Ϊһ£ܸ÷˰գαֵôѿأ
ܴ⻰˵ϷҲͷͬ⡣
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Ϊ˴ҵӣõĽ취ǹһ뵽ЩŮܵίľһĴʹ
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Ϸ˿Ȱ̾˿񰡡
˵ĸףʮ»̥µģԸ󣬻ʺҲ谮ǣȴ׶£ӲˣҲûκν֮ʮТ˳ܼҺТ˳ĸףɩҲʮǫӲˣСӡȵΪɷͨŮӸģһûȴĻرʧǣĸΪܼҵӣҪϢˡ
֪۰ã۰ĳµͶѩΪ棬ѡҵŮίȫͬΪŮΪҵĺҪãⲻƽô꣬һ̵ֱҵŮŹ㣬һҪ󷽵ţݴȣڣҺˡŮݣĻţȫΪһЩΪҪݿࣿ
ϷԴЩ£ǵһԼŮۡ
üҪ
΢ƽһǾ仰Ҫд飬ܼҳϱλãŮҪˡ
Ϸ˺ðû˵һ仰һТ˳ǵһôᶨΥԸ
ܶ𾪣ҲЩֵ˼æȰСãɱ嶯о仰˵һһףΪĸףôҪŮͷأۣԻõĹҲ𡣡
˿һ۷ţµһںϼҾŮҲ𣬾Ͳͷɩˡ
Ϸ˵㣺㲻Ҫ嶯
˻ӻ֣ʹųߡ
屻ǰڵϲƤĻˣŤͷĸңĸҡ
ߵּЦɹ޹ģʲôŲȥйգ
̵ĺˮӿţϰһһ飬ױ޻Եʡ
ӣҲҪȥҪȥˣҲϼҵˣ㲻ôҡ
ĿһҪиǷҲáȰ˵ʵҲһܿࡣ
ǡǡ循ֵĿŹˣʶܴҲﲻ޵ʣ۸ˡ
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ҡҡһţҵĲҲ޹İǴˣǿҡҡǸװ׵ĹôأǱǿңôҡ
˾ӸµĿһЦĸףɹ˵ǿġ
ֱһɺԣϷùָų壬ʲôˣôǿϴϱ̳ĺֶŮ
ܴ˶겢ô۰ҲΪժԼһдƵϡ
¶ΣĸףǶϱĴǶϱûн̵鷳ˡ
ɫֻʣϲҵģôҰաĸӦҡ
ס죡ܴŭ壬㻹֪ҿû˸ĸӵܼչˣ㾹Ȼ˼Ϊһ֮˽ɩҺҶ̫ʧˣԺȥ㸸ĸλٽӼأ
ĶǰҲʧˡ
ǰֻܴˣǳܴˣ˭أߣαŹ꣬ϻСģܴһ
ͻȻˣò֮ġڣҲˣٻȫΪӰ
ԽԽͷϥǣʵĿ
Ϸ˶ԳȻǼΪӶˣȰ˵ѾдҲǱƣҿ¾˰գֻҪ߾ͺˡںӣԺ󻹻еģֻҪС޺úõء
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ܴǸεµȷˣСþͿҽϣԭһΰաұ֤ԺһúöԴãҵһӡ
˵ı֤ˡ޷šΣһҪ飬ڲҾ͵ȵ
Ϸ˼󣺡񡭡
ֵһݾûˣ͹˵ĸŮϵҲ롣
ǡڴʱݷˣѪסˣֻǺӡ
˼ҽŮôˣ
ݷһ˷ģϹܺá
ȥ΢ȥ
ߵǰϵĵֶлˡ
ݷڰ֣ҽģȻȡ
΢ЦףҪͷ
ݷףӺҪдҩȸ
楿۴꣬Ŷݷȥˡ
ڴߣϻò԰׵ݣһſŵϻõ֣Ρ
۵Ůܿ࣬εýŮ޵ܼҡ
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ĸŮģϻѹֵĿƤѵƿһ졣˶ָһ̵ʹࣺס
һֿЦãôˣ
ϻ¹ģǿջЦײΪҵģҺܺá
ôµŮ˻̲ס޳
ҲãҿˣҲ޸꣬Ҳð̵ĴСô¡Ϊˡ
ף㲻Ҫⲻ㡣ϻչ˵֡
˲᣺ȻСѾϣ꣬СһʬҲѲ˸ϵ
ϻÿЦ
ԥ£ã룬Ը𣿡
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ǣ롣Ȱοãҷ˼ãʵǲʺиΪԺӣǳ˶ϰաģһΪõģί㡣
ϻɫȻ룬ҲԸټˡ
㻹ôᡭ˵ȥˣãﶼġҺ㸸ڣȻչһӵġ
ϻôԣ֪һܣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ʱϷ˾㡭ˣ
ŭվ
ϻóסӡ
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걻έƹȥ˼²վȣɫĸףĸ
䣬˾ƿţһɫҺҲǳôܴڿϻ𣿡
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ܴЦĸҿɵ𡣡
񡣡Ϸ޿κΡ
˵ĸףҪܡ
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έӹͿԲõ꣬ԭΪǸ֪ǸƷж˷˾ӣû뵽Ϲˡ
Բ𡣡괹ͷ֪˵ʲô޼£γͷҶԸܣֻܸһõĻᣬҷģһúð
ˡ䵭ĿڣǻеĺΣ;дźӴ˺ͻκιϵҺþۺɢҲȫ˸Ե档
Ȼ̧ͷֻö죬ת治巽
˵ʲôҪϻú룿
˵ȷԳ嶯ģδ롣ϻãòѣʫ飬ͻݣ̫⣬ϲģ֮˭ĽȢôһأʱ˿۹ʱǺմմϲġ
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Ϸ˵έһҪƵܸΪ룬ؼң˻ô˵
έڣ˭ҥ¡
㡪ϷƺˣǹܲˣһԣȻֵȥˡ
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˱۾ɳƣҺԾʫЩƣص˳ɱãҡҲ֪ôˣһʱͿ
һʱͿ˵һʱͿȻҲйĳɷ֣ôɳ֮νƲǸڰˣҿ˰գ
ûзϣֻǳĬ
˵ĸףɩǶƼ˰գˡպͱﹶңŮСôҽŮ£꣬Ҳִ㵽дд
񣡡Ϸ˻Ը
дȥšέ
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228 ˼
 

ѩѱīֽõǰա
ƺǧأѵ˺þãûһʡ
㣬һīֽϣ˲ͷô𣿡
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һȻ˻û޹أĸͿʼˡ
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ĿΣ
ЦЦҪô룬ҪôѸ
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ô꣬Ȼϣȫȫʱ׼·
¶ĵóѵЦݣˣЦˡһбҪ˵




229 
 

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230 ϶
 

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231 ֮
 

˫ȭнգֻܿסҪȼյһ
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Ҳȫջ֪極ԺҪ֡
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ͷЦµһ楣ݶŮˣ㺦ҲҪң㡪
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濲⣺ΪΣ
ҡҡƱϲңԻǨŭҡ
̾һôЩƣͷۡ
ĿѲţľ䵽ǰ档
պãҲתͷĿ
΢΢һȻƱüͷһƺ楴к
΢Цף˿ھơ
۾һ㣬λһò
楼ͼòɫӣҲòϣȷҲĲһɫۣĵüƵİףĿüݰףݾ¡ֻķȣòƫŮӵͶ٬֮⡣
ΧȻҲע⵽ò۵λµĸĽݹطԱ׸Ľݹʵ۵ˣķ绪˫ɫھ
ѹλ㿡
ǲ֪λƽһʲôò
֪ƽһҲĲ
˵ĵϸ۲죬òмƣѹƲأһĽݹϳͲˡ
һᣬʵ۷Ը輿
ܿ죬ڶɴŮ룬ˮ䣬չ֫ڴм裬ĵڴ;һԽʹԡ
ȴȱȱռʶ赸ЩȤĻǸȴκ楡
Ȼûм楣Ⲣ楡ûбԭΪ極ĸǻʵ׵ãźݻʺܺá
κϲݻʺΪκŮȻϲݻʺйصˡ
˼ˣĿ⴩輧ӰѰš
λ𣿡ü
мҿûıá
ЦѣǻùõŮʻʱ߶أĽݹʹȻܽķͷѹȥ
˵Ҳȣô˵ţʵף˵Ҳмֵ
ȻȷĽݹĹȫΪκݣԪЩǶǿп޵ģ̸ϳ谮ĸ
楲ͬһԤУ極ĽݹԪһܳ谮楣ԶҲòġ
ЦЦ㲻ҪδӦģ
һּѰ楡
˺ܶ࣬˼ҵķ˹һ˵ЦҪ׼ȷҵ楣ʵҪһЩʱ䡣ҲԼҡ
㣬¾ƱĿһݣǲ
˳ָķȥȻ˷ǸŮӡ
̾ǻùõŮüۼȷơ󾰾ǣ˵Ǵ󾰵һأһȻ鴫ֻҲҪ֡
ֹòֻǷݳŵȣͼ楡
ԣһƣǸ֮Ůұȣ
Ц
ŰˣĽݹʱҪ÷Ҫ꣬˶άйŮӣˡڼòˣڴһС
˼ˣʲôˣָζԸ
¶ɫѵɱ
üɫ磬İգֻڴ󾰵˰ˡ

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ʵִžƱЦкҪ˵
Ц棺£ʵθλֳʹ󾰣һĿġ
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ҸһֱŻùõŮֻ޷ǣԾǴһλúͱܣ֪Ƿ
һ䣬˵ĿⶼϣֻϧuӲãδμᣬҲû취ˡ
ʵۿˣüҲ֮飬вӦĵԶ
һۣһͬ뿪ϯλ
ǰ棬ʩһ񣺡¡
һЦݡ
楺ɫ¡
һۣЦݺԼˣúͱ񡣡
Ӱ۾գգǵ極֣ԭǻùõŮҿһֱżءȻǿҪú˵˵ҲѸʵһƬġ
楴űץס֣΢Ц˵ǡ
һˣйˣֱӽͺˣֻ¡
ҵᣬֳˣ͹ˡ
Ŷ
ЦΪ楶ǸСӣʲôֵĵģֻҪָܶԸˡ
㲻⣬ȥԶѰ㣬òã
極ͷҵҡ
Цеͺá
ţôu㣿
ӲãԸú
Ծu㲡ˣ
ʺתͷϾβϵջҡ
Цŵ֪̫ǰŵ»ʳ
Ȼϲüңԭˣǹϲʵ۱ˣҸʵ֪ϢһҲܸˣҶҪȥ̫ӸȥuС
極ˡ
ȻĿķԼԼ񣬵ǳϵģûֳʲô۶ӣǰһϷ룬һֱɢˣûзʲôõ¡
ƽƽȹһᣬе㲻̫ϰء
ֻɢ󣬻ʺ̫ˣƺʲôҪҪ̫顣
صɫѾˡ
ʱ¹ң죬ܵӰ衣΢紵԰仨ڵϡʯϣֱ¹ҲӳǰİӰΪһ塣
楽ŲỺ߽ԺӣOO@@ʱǵӰתԽˣ
ЦЦôˣһΪ·ɼٺأԭǳ¡
ɫͣҿԵڿ𣿡




235 Ϊ֮
 

һ˫۾ͬҹŵ¹⴩ϡԵԽľġ
㳤β΢΢𣺡ǰҵȷڿ㡣
Ц֮
Цǰ
ĬĬס֡
楲δܣµʯǰЦӯӯʵɫôˣкιɣ
Цˣ
֪˵˭ϸָ棺ȷˡ
Σ
Ǹˡ極λҲǸɫӡ
ģЩãľĺܺÿ
һȷܺÿǡȻԶ
⡣
極Ƥգգ۾ô㻹Լò˱ȥ
Цϣʲôõġ
ݸǽҲδλܡ
ָܻġ
ʲô¡
ȷĽݹܸߣеѾڴǲӣȥΣǵвƽȴٸкãҪĶûϡ
極һЦŶ㸸׶нˣ
ЦЦĬϡ
ֵʵҲô鷳ֱɱ㣬Ժ·ͻʮ˳ˡ
ֻϧһֱҲᡣһֱ취ҵɱȴ졣
ΡЦ˵֣ȴǱǡ
ƽȢޣʵ
ЦһκָϻλأȻΪˡ
ףȻƽ;ҲΪͬһĿ໥ˡ
˶Ļ޵𣿡
أ
˼Ƭ̣ЦȻʹˡƽãȢһõƽ֧֣ҪǰҲס
ֻκŮԶ
ƺ˼κǸҰĵŮˡҡ
бԭ򣿡
ЦЩŹ֣֪
㲻˵𣿡
ȷŰ裬ϲݳޣĺҲܷδˣȴѾ˹ɱȻӻҪ󣬲Ҹ˲׺ˡ
楾ȣ˵ʲô
ûֻϲ÷꣬ϲòСĹ
סˣû뵽λĥ֮񱡣
ϲƯŮӣȴϲСˡ
Ѳ׿˾巳뻻ζ
楼֪Ľݹ翪ţǾûʵ̫˼ˣϧЩˡ
ֹˣΪʮְԵףˣȴǲϣ檡
楸𾪡
ЦκȷΪͺؼҶһ£ֻ׼иʮֳ谮С檣ϲȥϷ԰һϷӡ֪£ʮַŭƭʮ̵ֲֶɱС檺Ϸӣ׼ıӸ۾ؼҽп಻ԭŽȥұ˭֪ڶ죬˾ٱؼҹѵͼ췴ڼѳ֤ݣؼұˣŻȻ֮Ҳܵκ𷣡
ŶؼĹѵı𣿡
ǲʲôϵҪвᱻ׷ΪԼڶ
˿κȻ۰Ůֻ˺ؼҡ
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˵κǸܴŮˡ
ȷ紫ĽݹûĸҹԸȢκȻЩȨƣЩҲǳصģҲֻ۸۸ؼǳļ壬ԣ͸ɴˡһܱܷͷܼ޵Ҳ¿ʼû֪Ĺȥ԰ȵļ޳ȥǿԣܰƽ
üһҪİաĿ޳ӣҲЩӣܺ;ճһԡ
еûΪ𣿡
極üһЦûΪңһǰһҽϷ룬һҪȥء
ˣҪСЩκߣĿȾӼΪ
İգ˲ҡ
صݣһֱЦݵһӿȥ
Ů˷䣬СɫˣϢա
˪ݺݸһӣҵʲôʱֵˣ
Ů֪ʲôǹū֪ū֪
Цݲ̣߲ûõġˣȥ
ӰµĻĬĽŮߡޱ飬Ů޶ԡ˶ͷϢѾϰ·ˡ
ȻͬǸŮȴΪ顣Ϊ̫ûˣ鲻á
ˣ߻á˵ź
ѾǼֲ֣ãǴ󾰵ĵ̣ӵȷһЩˡ
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˦˦ͷǰ˿Ц磬ҿ֤õȷûдֻЩŭˡ
ƽ߸ֳ˿Ц⣺Ůˣ
üŪ۵Ǹѵһء
ƽЦѹˡ
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ҡһƲƲҾǿ楲˳ۣڶʲôƾʲôҴɩ
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Ϊʲô
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廰ˣһţ楺ʹ󾰵ĳܣ˰ѱͬΣƺˡ
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ЦȻ䲻ǸλõġôϲҪ޸̫ӣϧȴϲ˴һɢү˸һƬģԶãҲҶˡ
˳Ѧø÷ˡ
ЦһҲգǸ֪ߵغ楡һдŽϢѦ磬ǧܵˡ
Цҡҡȣ㻹ҪҪɱ楣
һգҼ޸Ϊϻʺ֮λеʱʰĥ
Ȼֻһ㹻ˣֶΣһ
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ųֻϧ岻áЦĹĽݹͬ˳ӣģҵʶһء
ƽüһ棬СЩñ󾰿Ц
ѽ֪ģĺˡ
ҡӵһ٣磬ѲҲ˳ʹΪûʲô
ƽҵõϢѵˣվͻᵽˡ
Ŷȴ絹Ǹ͵
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ѡ
ƽƳһۣûǸ㡣Ȼڲʱжǹǿʢǿ׳ǵġֻɸʽ£Ҫѵ¡
ˡҪҪ
ƽЦЦȻҪȥģҲ̫󾰻ˡ
̧°͵պãҲҪȥ̫Ӹλ㣬磬һȥ
ЦƵĵҲӦߣҲᾰͷ

һ磬楾͵õϢҪȥ̫Ӹݷuuˡ
ֻһˣ楿žӰ
Ҷ
Ϊ楴һ֧ӣỹŹֽأкһȥ̫Ӹδ̫ˡ
極ΪĽݹĹһΪôҲΪ档
ҶĵϲݻʺҲϲݻʺϵõĻȻҲǼģҾ⡣
楷˷ϵգվ΢΢һЦҲãҲȥ̫Ӹˡ
楺̫˵һȥ̫Ӹɵǣ˸档
ϲݳޣͿԿ
ƥɫıվǰܴ󣬳ܹŷƮƮײϺõĽ˿ľƳɣĵͷˣȻýġԶԶţŽ⣬ʮִۣǸûʣһ
極ȻҲܻɣǺܶˡ
ƿӣЦҲu𣿡
΢Цǡ
ˡҵһμu㣬Щء
ҵʯԾɶ죬滹Żƣϸһ֪õⲦŪһ£ЦҼȥu㣬òȽȥգ
Ц롣
ӣ߰ա
˵ţһޣƥͬʱֱֱ̫ܽӸ
С˲㱻ײҺ㼰ʱֻˤһӡ
ҷ߷߲ƽǹġ
楲ЦЦˣҲȥա
˵ţ̫ӸСæڵǣЦ
ԶСֹǸʲô㲻ýˡ
·ȻȲ極˺ľӣſѾͣһˡ
ȥһܻ̫ӸŮµģ




236 Ծ
 

˵Ů˶
ܴ󣬾ˣ΢΢üٲ߽ȥ
ȴѩɵǡ
˶°ͣŴѩҼĽݹյ󾰣̫Ӳδȥμӹ磬Խ͸Ͻ󸮿̫˭֪ȴôûū澣Ҽҹ·Ūˡ
ѩͷһȻֵǱҩޣʣµҩڵϣܿҲȾһɫȹȴǸɸɾûбǸСѾһӡǱ˴ˡ
ѩЩգ򹷻ҪأҲ̫ˡϾݲһ㣬ѩֻЦȷѾͷçײˣд벻Ҫһʶ
ȻǸŮʹ˸ɫͳﰭ𣬻ȥ췣
ŮæɫţڵϿ˸ͷҩҪ¡
šб˴ѩһۣ˭
ѩ̫ߵŮѩ
ЦŶԭ̫һŮ𣿡
ѩɫһ䡣
ʹuߵĴѾߣź꣬ȻҲuԺСС£ЩСѾȻҲ̺͹uҲʡ
֪һ㣬ȴǹѿ̫Ļ鷳ģ
ֲܶײֻţ̫屧ū澲Ҿ̫ҲǷ̫̫֮ǡ
һЦ˵ôôûأԭݵġ˵䲻ĻuҲ̫ºˣǲϼӹ̣֪ܽԺʲôءu̫Ļʺ²ϣײˣȴҹǴȥ˻֪أʱĿ̫Ӹ档
ѩһʱɫףû뵽ôǿʶȴֱ׳
һƾʲô۴󾰳̫
ѩ֪ò÷ʱƿ߳ѩ̫ҹʣʲôˡ
ѩֹ
ʱ߹ȥʵЪϢ𣿡
楹ˣϲЦտ̫ҩСء
ףתĿ⣺ôȥ
װãԴѩʹôǵģӲźЩСҪЩ°ڵǰӰӡڴź꣬ôС¶ﳳֵʲô
ѩ֪ڰæϴūһʱǹˡūǲð
˶üͷûйأȡ
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Ŀǰȷϣǲˣٸ߹Ҳûʸ
˶楻ĳûκαʾֻӲͷƤǣǸѾͷȳײҼҹ
ǸŮæ⣺ûУҶŹӺҩ߳СûгײǹͻȻͻȻ߹һѡ
˼ǣǱԼײϣϣʲôݣزʶȻȥݺ𣿡
ūûѣǡ
ˡ極۷ŷʲô빫Ĵѩȥ
ѩǡ
Ҳ׷ЦЦûǸˣ˶ôá
楿ȷǹҲ磬һ
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ĿһĨĹ⣬ЦҲգڱõҾͲƽˡֻǱõϵţпţȴ𽵹ΪһŮ飬ʵʧݡ˵һֱֱȥÿɲҪ
Ȼᡣ楸ʹ˸ɫȥգһܸˡ
˿롣
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uһЦЦ楣λգ
ЦµС׾ͻԻˡȴ֪ĳôݶ޺ʵ˶ҩ
һˣǲԻұá
֪ΪʲôЩ䣬˵ʱûڡ
楼ɲĸʹ˸ɫuȻЦͷҡ
ֻңʡĸͼλֳűͱأ˭һ˿Լء
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ĵʣŶûС
uϻʺλõģʺλֻġ
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ĽݹȻϻʺ󣬼ˣֻ󾰳ĻʺˡӢ׿Ȼ󣬱Щǿˡ޸õλǻʺ˶Ҫڽ£Ҿƽ˻ܰƽϻλʵȫĺ¡
ֻվиʯǾuuĴڡ˵ĸuء
ĵ˾ĵˣȻܷŹuˡ
u֪˼ֻĪ
Цлġ
ƽǻˣԪۼݱǾлˡ
˵仰ǰһͻȻסѽǱŮѩɰҺϲ
İ˵ΧƺǲӦͱ˱ƺϾͻ޳
uĸĸ
ȴǷĳС֣ǿĲϺˡ
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ЩǸΣСӲ£ȷſ
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ԽԽϲժϵķҪ͸
u̫أһСӣա
⣺һöѣǣ㲻͸СŮҲ֪ᶪȥͲҪƴˡ
˵ţݵǰϲЩɵȴֻǿһ۾תͷȥˡ
һСӾܾҲΣԽҵϣЦеμ棬͵Ǽա
СӼװۣ񶹸һȴ͸ŵķɫһ˫۾ˮģŴŴģʵ̫ˣ˵ҧһڡ
ھָоҲ࣬Ҳİ
ԽòԾͻȻ뵽ϲŮͯһ¡
ô¿ɰСѵ֣
ȻԽ楾ãûҪίȥˣһ
ʱѩײײĳСˤڵأɫֻʣ˵
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ѩǱסˣϵشŲ̫
ǷŴҩޱײŮ
楰ãɫһôˣ
ѩſǻˡ
ʲôuȻɫ
ǡģö˿ˡѩŵ
uһҪȥһҪֹȴִⲻϡ
飬Ը˸u·Ҫһȥ




237 ֮һ
 

һƫƧ԰ӣܼľף̲ݴɽʯơ
˹ȴΧˣСѾ߶һָָ㡢۷׷ףҪȥǰϸȴվҡ
ʱеӺ洫һæعͷȥ
ǲúõǵĲʲôu
Աɫ԰׵Ĵѩ
uʱҲǾɲΪ̫Գֻ֡ɫȻһȦʲô£
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͵u˵ȥˡ
uһԣǰȥԾÿ
楼Ҳ߹ȥ
ˮ峺߳ˬ⣬ǴʱȴһͷɢƮھˮһ˫۾ţ˯ŵӣȴ˾ëȻ
ϳ˴ˣ촽ţǡ
򶨣ҲͷһuȴʧѪɫŵĵһ
楼ʱס㡣
uһᣬɫ
С˹ȥһᣬ
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楰̾˿ʹ˸ɫһ⣬֪ӺδһֲѸǵϡ
Ҷ̽̽ıϢѾûϢˡ
ʵ˶µõɣҶ仰ûкܾ
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ԥһ£ҶĲӺˡ
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ɱ˾ԷˮһƽΪѾòˡ
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ǡڴʱȴݺ﷢ʲôˣҲģ͸
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һãȻ˭
楲ؿڵϵˣǵ֮ǰСĳײˡ
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һһ㻹δֻǷǱȴϲֶġ
ԭıɱס죬u㣬Ҿ˵̫¿ˣݵĵûûأȻڹ컯֮ɱˣǸǲǾҪıɱ̫ˣ
極Լǣ⵽̫Ӹ£ǲҪˡ
̾ҲǺѣòˡҪ֪ĽݹǵûصˣҪΣµʱŻ棬ҲҺΪ
ֻ֪ܳΪͷָʹģҲΣοû֤ݡ
uԸȰ̧ȥ
ʬ屻̧ߣƺԾ¡Ŀڣĺÿ¡㣬ǿЩȥա
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δڣЦŵ磬£Ҳڣ




238 һ
 

ȥһ
ǰһİӣͷڣīɫۣýŷµĻơɫ忡ЦȻû˵ֵȴƽ׽ˣͶ㾡Ӻݴɱȴ󾰻Ҳѷɫ
һ뵽ĳƺ׹ԭλĽݹĶƽ
Ц֪Ҳ̫Ӹݷô̫ӣҾͺͶһˡ
ƽ΢ЦͣŸմӹгŻδݷ̫Ӻ̫Ծˡ
u楺uɫȻɺЦʵŶƽѾˣ
ǡƽΪ岻ûвμӹʵ۱磬ʧ񣬽򲻸ҵ顣
uȻĻֻǲ𴩣˸롯ơ
һһߵ֪ƽҪڴ󾰶ã
ƽЦʣԼɣСȻس
˵ţźۼһۣһģĿ
һֱû˵ֻʮֿĶ΢Цס
ˣҲǺףղֻuﲻʹˡб£ȻĹƽôһɽ
ҿı֣ǶԾġ
ҪҪԲߡ
ƽȻһϲuuã黹Ҫ˺һuȥˡ
һ磬ӦҪڴһġ
ƽεЦЦ̫ӵ»Ҫ̣ĵȥա
ʮһէô棿
ƽüô
ΣҪ£Ҳôһȥգþң
ƽ⣬ô񣬾ʲôݣôصС£
һžգգ۾Ц£㲻Ըȥ𣿡
ȻԸģȴǹΪѣʢ飬СȻþֻܾǡ
ϣ֪þܾͲҪܾˣҿǴ󾰵ĿˣΪˣúúд𣿡
Ȼ
ô˵ˡžӣ߰ա
ƽͷۣױĸ͸ʹ߻ˣһԣλҪ
uЦ棬ܿɹô˹أܣȻҪ㣬ֻ鷳ˡ
֣ء
Ը˵žˡ
ƽʧЦ㿴
uº͵ЦţͷԽˡƽ͸¶ܵԪϲĽݹΪĿɽǰ϶ˣ
ڴ󾰣ȥҲ˵Ľݹ̫ܲƽвŸɺԪãǺпܳĽݹ̫ӵϻλġ˵ʲô£ҪƻҲǲܹġ
楿u˼ȴѣΪƽĺԪ۳谮ˣֻҪƻļƻ
uص˺ľӣһֱֱuƽ
uճȿһͥʵ췢ʲôˣ
uɫԾɲÿľӵ˴˲ӣʬˮ
uݣȻһŮֻǹ˭˴󵨣ս̫Ӹϡ
ʮƶ
uҲǾ
楽ľȫ֪uǷŭ漴ɫתΪƽԭ˷֮ˡ
ȷʵˡ極
Ҳãٱϲŭɫ˺öԸˣҪʱ򣬻ԸϺȡ
uЦ԰οuίˡ
uĹػuѾһ˿ˡҡҡͷûίֻЩģٴη
uֻ֪̾ƽ뿪֮ǰֻʱЩˣ㰲ģһֱͺӡ
л¡u
һᣬˣʵ̫ӽ
Ľݹ˵Ϊͨһ£ҲΪ˽ˣϾ֮仹һĮĮٴ໥ĮȻƽĮ
ſ͵۽ӲãԾͽ½uˣӦҲΪ˴¡
uߺuǱ
ɫˣĸˣ֡uק·
ȴʹСӣǲ֣һҪ
楶Ӻһͷȴķ塣ݳ˼⣺㣬Ȼ᲻ңҴȥСסհգߣĸûСӣҲǹµ
uЦҲá
楴ΪҲΪ˱һ뵽Ѱ
뵽⣬˷ö壬ϲ
ҡͷϲ
ȻϲǾͲ˺òã
ͷ
uԸΪʰһˡȻҲ뿪uһ뵽̫ӸˣǾߡ
uĶͷǳ磺ûĵѾͷ
üͷţƺھᣬǽס極Ĳӡ
楱ɫˣҾȻȥˣ㲻Ҫ˼ǣҪӡ
uףɫЦŵҼأЩ߰ա
楳˺ľӣ߳԰ӵʱ˸ϻظu
һ񣺡̫ӵ¡
uͷҲң
¶һЦȻʮָˡ
u˱ȿСлҪ˵
ԶЩǰһ峺Ϫ̵ҶڷҡҷƮǰ˵ƽ;һ£
uĲգϼգӳɵĺ졣
Ѿ֪ңĽݹ
Ц⵹ǲΪ棬뾰ɲŮòǰ䡣
uüһҲô˵ġ
ŶѾ⣬֪»֮̽⡣
uЦ¹شȻûзԵĵ룬˼գʾҪΪܴͻˡ
΢΢һЦûһһºø
uЦ䣺ƽСĵϻλȻ֧Լ÷ϻλҲܿһз
ûн⻰ֻʵֻ˵Щ
uɫЩŹ֣ȻֻĽݹ޹
֪λأ
uһЦʵ˼⻳޸ĸȻֻǸƽŮӣһֱ׷ƽƽ񡣡
һӾ˻ʵ۵˼
þȢƽã칫޸ƽõȿˣǣ;˵˵ȥ»ǶԼλ·Ĳ°
ƽȻѾ;ؽˣôƴ죿uȻӵҾ޵Ľݹ
ûʲôݣǱµľ
uЦֻһãױĸұţֱʴĽݹʼңֻᱻ۸ĸߺֻܱˣôܷȥأʲô취ֹʴͻ𣿡
˵ǹûʡ
uȷ۰ãǺͽɽֻܿվˡu֮ԲԸףףΪ칫Ľݹ޷κ档
極ǻ칫ֳûа취Ƶ£ʲô취أ
uҡͷ̾Ϣ֪ʹܿ͵ˣֻҲҪ󾰺׵ġ
ֱ˵ѽˣ
uĽݹһɽҲ·硣
楳ǣѹǿʢȷǸĽ˶ֻ۸ӣЩң˵Ͼ£¿Ҫ˼
Ҫֹuѽˣֻǲ̻칫Զˡ
uЩǣһȻףѣҵ޷뾰ˡ
ü΢ִ𣿡
룬ܹûлġ
Цݴ˼䳰£ûԶ𣿡
uһֱ˼顣һָ̣ƽĽݹѲǱЩС޸ˡʵ˼һҪ׵ġûа취ѺףҪĽݹ޸ǲúôġûʲôԹǻ޹ȥҵϣǻƴġ
ȻΪ˻λǿײϵġuǰǶô۰ãΪԼ棬ȴҸ
u極ɫֵͬ壬ϰûжٲҲЩ֮һЩԭ޷ܵϰף޹ȥܻᱣȫٺ档
楴ЦЦⷬ˵ĺе
ȷ޵ѣصġȢĸȢɩҲԶ븻󷱻Ժ׹˵ȷһˡ
ؼǣ󾰳Ľݹս칫Ϊ֮ˣܲкý޵ѻֻܱܿҲصĺΪС
u֪˼ȻĿĲȴ楾壬ʵ𣿡
Цŷʣ˵ǡ¾ͻû칫޵𣿡
uһ㶣ЦˣȻ˽ҵĻ㣬ǰе˼Σʱĺ㣬һ
ЦЦŶǸŮΪλң
ĿΪҡ
ƿĿ⣺˵Цˡ
ָߵϼֶҺܳʱ䣬֪ߵ컨˺ܴ˼˶Ѫû·Ҳ˺һٲʱҲһͬ׹ɽ£ǡҶԻЩĮˣǻʼˣվλãһҲͬľϸǸλãˣԽ飬մѪûΣ޿κΡ
ͻȻЦ޿κΣΪƿȨҵ˭λ
ûУûκ˱ԼҪġǵڣҪ˾޿κΪԼα˽
Ц
޿κΣ͵۳ޣɱĸ̥ʲôڣԾųЩͼ塣Իȹ̽ɽʵΪһ֮˽
uΪĶӣ˽ݶ
ţҲЦΪ޿κΣԾֻ칫𣿡
uüǸˣҲ˽ҵĴ׵Ĺ𣬺ܶ඼Ǻģ˾ʵܾǼǹٻ󣬵õ˿ɼٺ͵λҲóеԼΣΪˡ㲻Ҳעı䲻ǵˡңͬԭ޹ȥԿࡣ
β𣺡Ѷ𣿡
uɵĵͷ
極ˣ޻˵ˣֻԸ칫һƽ˳졣
uԭȥ»칫ǻת˻磺л㡣
²лң˵Һ͵һپһҰҲǰҡ˵ţвһ˿
uĪЩķң͸極˼
楶ԽԽֻ࣬ڲĵװˡϥ񣺡ʱˣǵûб£͸ˡ
˵꣬תȥŵǰ΢Ϯƺɢ
صңȥȰÿ̫ˣšһᣬ˯ˣʱ¡
ʱһҩӿûͷ֪˭
ʲôйһվڴǰ
̨ǰȾһ˪ָ棬ָӳյĸӾӨ͸
һָģȥ̫Ӹ
楳̾ǰҿǿ۽ˡ˶˵ΪǣҸ㲻ʲô
ΪȻһ˰ˡ
˵ţݸһֽ
楺ɣǴˣȻ֡
ȥĽݹţ楱߿ߵѦ磿
һѦ˳ĶŮ
ŶüЦݺϷʣûţͻܵɱ˰գ
֣صһᱣġΪͺʹ󾰳ãӦòᵽ鷳ˡ
楽ֽϣҴ鷳ֹֻؼʱ򣬶һ²һ¡
ȻôԪ̳ˡֽԪ磺Ծ͵Ľݹա
ԪӦһת˲ʧҹɫС
Ĭһᣬ極̫û칫޵ѡ
ǻ칫Ҳ㲻ϧ
֪Ϊܹ꣬޶Եģ̫ӵΪʵĺ極ڵuҾİ£ѵΪȨƵλ˿𣿡
һֻ֣ס۾Ҳᡣ
楴û
񰵰̾ϢʹҪˣСЩ
ЦЦǹȻסˡ




239 ˮ
 

ܿҪ£ҹһϸ꣬ԾڸǲסǵȣǸˡ
ԸЩỹƲõġ
ҪıԷٰһᣬȥμӣȻҲĽݹˣһ˭ҲƳٲȥ
ʵΪǾٰ죬ʵǻʵ⣬½ѶҪӭȢˡ
һϮɫϸɴֳһɴȣԵʮʡҡӣ¿ţô־ٰᣬû˼ġ
ЦЦǾ¾ٰᣬ˭Ҳμӡ
㣬˵Ҫ޸𣿡
»δּô֪ģ
ƲƲ죺㿴Ǳߡ
Щ㵣˳Ŀȥ
ֻԶɫٵȹž˵ʲôЦһȻΧ˼һ˸ҿҲǱã׿Ȼֻţ䡣
濵ȻûҲɵӣ⼸ıֻ֣Ҫ۾ûϹĶܿ˼þι侩ǣĽݹ͵ȥͣϾͲдҪ޸ˡ˵Ľݹ翪ţǼʶˡ
΢Ц󣬱ǧٳųµȷԳ˵۹
۾һתߵ˵˵£ºʱΪͳ´ͻ飿
üһЦ
ǷʲôЦĬ𣿡
ûһ˿֮⣬˵ĶͷССͣʲô
濿ЦţҶղ£㻹˵ʲô
˵Цһߴ޴˼˽һĻ۵ס
ˣŮһҲΣÿĸڣгΪǰһĻŮȴΣһĽɷҲ極ģ
ŲŮÿϴ棬ɷҲòķ䣬飬ҹޡ
һжɵģ楹˳⣡˾ƣԴӴ|ˣҲûˣߵʱŻ||Ȫ·Ҳ¶ˡ
ǣһ뵽楻ûͲġҪҲ汳ġ
һֱ楣۾ƺܴ˻üû
޴ˡܴٴε
޴ŷӦǿһ˿Цԭܴˡ
ܴ˹еҿɫ̫ãﲻ𣿡
޴˵лģҺܺá
ܴЦºͣҿˣϴλݡΪźģ壬ӷҲǲĵġ
˵ӷ˾Ǵ|ԣ޴˲һ죬ЦݿɬֻôһŮСԭżһƽ֣ȴǰ׷ͺڷˣôܲأ
ܴοҲҪӰ
޴մմ۽ǣЦˣʵǡ
ܴҡҡͷ޷Ҳ֮顣
޴±˿ʧ̬ɣǿջЦҪл㳣ȥοңкö£֪˭˵
ܴ֣Ҳ֪ͬģǰѻõŮģֻǸֶŮͶӡվҵĴûйǣʧȥôõĶϱҼſ֮⣬ҲԹˡ˵ףҵĴǲԭҲӦõġ
ܴ޴˵ûα
ܹ㣿ܴƷأ˲е˼մӣ϶СײСߵģνıǸı䲻˵ģ㾡ˣⲻ㡣
ܴ̾Ϣˣվǹⲻȥ
޴ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵų죬Ҳڣ
ܴ˵ͷʱϵ߻õûˣҾҲϼ˽
޴ͻȻһʱ϶ȻøмֻȴӺ룬úõһ׮Եûˣ治֪⻹⡣
޴ǧҪô˵Ӻ뿤޹أǲТ͸˻õģž롣
޴Ц϶һׯԳ֣ǴΪ룬ô룬ֵ˵һã˵þǱ˽̻ġ
⡭ܰաܴ˳ɵ
޴˵Ҳ˵һ򵨴Ϊ²ѭΪŮӵĸصĹضĸɸɾһ£Ҳ϶ġ
ܴȻɲѾ룬޷أ˵ʲô˶޾ɺˡ
޴ǿѹסŭ䳰ȷҲ֪һˣôΪŮôһ
ܴѹ⻰ǲҪ˵ˣô꿤һֱ𣬿̫ﻹһĳ谮οڻ̫׵ãһǵġ
ѵŮõͲˣ޴ŭɹؼʱסˣֻҧ졣
ܴƳı飬⡣
楣ȴǲ֣ܶյʱȴǲ楺ʹ޴˵ĶԹ
֪|Ǳ楺ʱ־ϲ֪赶ɱ˵Ļˡʱȥο޴ˣʹ޴̸ģ⼤楸ĺ⣬ķ䵽޴˵
޴˸ҵ極ķȴǲ֪ܴһ̸ġ
ǰˣϹ
濵ڿʲô
極һЦҿܴҲڣŹ˽Ҳμᣬϣ˲Ҫգ˶Ρ
ܴ˺ʹ޴ߵĺܽء
ƵͬǼͻʣ˳Цкܶ๲ͬ԰ա
ǡڴʱ˴칫
楻ͷ㿴һ䵭Ļ칫һˮɫؾȹ˹ϲʩ죬ֻֻ·ҲֻƣʵصˣǳĵúŮӸɫ
λŮӶǲܳĹ쵹һˡ
뵽uû칫޵ѵĻ˲롣
¶ͬ飺㣬κ׵Ӧǻ칫գ
濶뵽£Ҳ뵽ˡ
ʺӣλǻ칫̫һĸͬãȻءĽݹ׵κƽΪ⣬ֻû칫ˡ
ɸűûã칫Ҫ𣿡
ɫƽ˵Ǵ֮ĸףûбҲֻǸĸΪТǱ¿ϣ㲻ΪТҲûʲôԡ
죬˵̫̫侲ˣվû˵ڣֻǵǻʼҰ
΢΢һЦǰǻʼҡ԰죬Ҳ԰ȵ£֮ǰҪեüֵ
칫ȷΪҲɿܵˡ
а㣬칫ĿȻĮȴ޾κͱһվֻͷǴкˡ
֮ϣ˶ˡλ楣׷
楲δЩǰ棬Ǻһ뿴鶯Ļ칫ޱϲģΪھΡȻ治ǻ칫ϲܵܣ񲻵ûܼ޸ˣҪΪһöӺԶޡ
ԺﻨŽأӰϯ价ƣЦȻ㻨Χ
ȴûʲôֱֻⷬĲɵİžƱ
ʱЦʹãǡĽݹʹҲڣԱ֮ڴ˾ٰΪӽӷϴϸʻڹ磬ӲҪ֡
˵ţվƱһӵӣС㡣
ҲĻЩȤҲΪ֮Ŀ
ֻһӳһϮɫۣĸߴټ㣬ɫȻЦ۵ȴһ䵭䵭ǲмһˣҲĿ޳ʲôĮġ
΢΢ף
˵꣬һ
ϼƺӸȤ˵λ֮ˡ
Ȼԭˡ
ֲӵڲͬ
ҡȣЦŵ䣬ӵͶҲΪ棬λѵĽӽǳ
濲ӣλսҲܺÿء
㲻úöִŵǼǵ
Цɲң˶˵ĺպġֻϧλӣûлһĽӵķء
楿ǰϯλ̾ϢҲ֪칫޸Ǻ»ǻ¡
һ󣬸輧輧롣Щ輧Ǿ˾ϸѡģ˶
Ȼ۾ͷϣƲЩġΪڣûжЩָָ㡢䳰ȷ
ӣȴЩȤоһʯͷһݣ޶Եġ
аתǧأĵֲ߱٣칫޸Ҳʲô£úܺá
˼ţͻȻи̴ᣬˣˣС
Ȼôˣ
̽¿գʺĹˮˣ




240 
 

ʱ칬ѾһƬ𺣡ƣԽԽңŨա
ҲžһˡһҲһԥһҲȥˡϾǶ׶칬ˮܹ֪ܲӹ֮
칬⣬ȴΧˣ̻ھȻ𣬲ϴ
ΧСֹţö˶˵ôͻȻˮˣ
ǰֲϣò칬ĹźǻʺӦñȱ𹬵ĹźĸľǣôĴ⣿
楻һȦһŮʺأ
ŮæؿʺѾȳˣֻţŲػЪϢˡ
ף뿪ˡ
ֹãڱˣʱ򣬻ʵҲϵˡ
ʵȻϲʺ󣬵¹ػʼ棬ʺղ㱻Ǻܷŭģɴ칬ôµģôԵ޹ˮʺվ
˶ڵأϢŭ
ʵŭЦϢŭǻ˵ʲôȫɴ
ūڡȫ
칬źȫȥݺ𷣣칬ˮһ¡
ãȫʵۣر£ūϸǣǶԼ֪飬ʵǺס
ʵüͷ壬˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ
ȫȰ˵£Ҫ»ǽȥա
ʵ۽ӲʣҲԽꡣֵ̧أ޵Ҫ˭ô󵨣ڹ
Ŵԣ˲뵽׹֮£һ
ȤĿһĻǹһĨʵЦݣٲȻڿϷ
Ƭ̣ʵ۵
ܿ죬ǨͼҴҵĸϵˣһƬ칬Ҳ𾪣֪½΢кηԸ
ʵűֵգǨ칬ˮΪιʣ
Ǩ۲һ±һû칬ԥ⡭
ʵЩͷлֱԣˡ
ǣ¡Ǩŵ΢Ϊ࣬һֱ֮۲ռסʺΪһ֮ĸ챣ӣⳡĺףʲôԵʣ΢ҲȷҲʾҲδ֪
ʵȻ𰸲⣺ôΪ¾ޣ
ǨͻȻȻ£⾩ǿǹˮ˾ڹУ
Ǩ仰һʯˮף޴ˮʹ˶Ϊ֮𾪣죬˭ǡ
ʵ۲Ȼɫɴ۾Ȼˣ
Ǩɫƶ΢۾
ʵ۵ĿЩѲţƺһһı֪˭
ǨһĪı飺΢Ҫ̨ʹֳ
ʵȻӦʣԸȫȥ׼
ԭŰɣǿŻʵۺ͸Ǩ֣صı飬ɵˡ
Ѱʱ򣬺ܶ˶ʲôռ֮͹ۣ֮¹ػʼңǸ
ңǨҲǵõˡԭֻɽһʿȴԵɺ֮£õȵ۵ʶٽࡣôȥˣһֱλǲǰݡ
΢΢üĿһ˿ʲôõˣʱ򲻹ҡײƭҲ㱻˵ʵˡ¿һΣҲڶΣô굹˲ٺǮ
ȷƣҲǴˣȻֵʱ֣֪Щ˵Ĳƿ̰Щ˵Ĳ̰˻֮ء
ԣһ֣˭δ֪ء
uԹһĻǶǴˣȻЩ֮ԣֻǶܺ棬쵹ùĻ˭
ţuƳһۣ楳΢΢סuõ˴𰸣ˣһԿϷ
ܿ죬̨׼ˣǨҲһۣ˼ɷǡڻʵ۵£˵ǰĿ֮أĿŸǨһ̨ףߵ̨ϵ㰸ǰ
㰸ȼ㣬ŷ;ˮȼţǨľ۾в֪˵ʲôԽء
㣬۾ľ£մŷ䡣ڿбȻ˼£ȻֺһھƣȻڷϣ˲ȼһᣬһӣϨˡ
һľȻһʹ÷ȼգ֪˶ãͻȻһˡ
˵ĸʱͻȻһӿܲ˲úڰ䱻ɣҲϨˣСϵʯͷҲߣײ
һһǾͻᱻߡȴ־龰ʵϡ棬Ȼ˵ͱ졣һǨмֱµġ
Ȼ⻹ֻп磬ꡣֻһըһٵС˶ʧ
ܿ죬껩£˶͸ˣ׷ܵ¶ꡣ
Ǩվ߳ȻҲܳҲϽ̨ȥꡣȻҪǣվߣױСϧȻҪϽˡ
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ʵغһӸµĿܴˣôĵӣȻ۾ϣ޵Ľɽȥ̴
ڻʵУʲôݣֻҪΣң͸
ܴ˲ôԶ»ᱻ˲ôءҲѵԾɴ£Ҫһ֮ʣԩģ
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㣬ɻǵĶɩôģǱ
ܴǼһ㣬ɴ۾Ҳ֪Ҳ֪
ǨԾǱʮǰԲϣҲܴˣΪ˸˵Ů·ɷѿİΣ϶ﶼûб㺦ǲǺʧ
ܴ˷ħһһǡôء
ѵǨôб££
ʱȺѾڿˡģʲôһׯȺ͵ܴˣȻ񼫣ȻǺʮǰ£Ǹ֪ΪҪϻá
Ǩܴ˽ƱļֵŮаĽ֮˲ʲôֵ£ǧ򲻸ãȻδ޵ع֪عã֪ĵƣȴĽӽƭ˳ɱ˷ʿ߼޻عּʼľȴֹԸ͸¶ٸùٸ˴Ϊ˱סȻİܡ֮ôΪԾͷȻ㣬ʱ˺ˣֿɰвûȢ㡣
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ʵ۳Ǹع˻ţ
Ǩбܴһۣĵ£һֱõعôɱأعͱºɽĵңѾʮˡ˵ҲϧعҲǸӣȴһŮ³ûˣ;ûˣ˲˹ôꡣ
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˼һ˻ɢˣķ޶ΪĿɱ޹Ыĳ
϶޵ǽѣһСˡ
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ᵽܴˣ޴ͷһ־塣ǰһڣһ˹ȥ
ˣˡŮŽ




242 ᱡ
 

죬޴˲תѡ
Ůϲˣˡ
޴üͷǾͷʹѣôˣ
ŮͻȻεˣū̫ҽ̫ҽ˵ֻ˼ģԼҩͺˡŶ˺˶ˣ˯žûҴţһͻȥˡ
޴û˵ֱĿͷӡһʲôƵģүˣ
Ůһ֧֧ͣ᣺ˣүү
޴ֻöһ£ͷʯͷײƵۣôˣ
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ҹޣ޴ŭᷳˣϷԸˡߣҲ֪ĸС꾫ס˽ţղżң
ˡŮϽȰүǽæ
޴͵ǸûʵȨƷ٣Ĺæ滨Ƶء
ˣô˵Сı
޴ɳƣ߷ߵµһԴ|ηԾڴΣԴ̫ݱ󣬻˭ƵҡȻϲ˵ָڱЦء
ΨһŮûɷϲҲָϣŻʲô˼ԭΪΪŮ˭֪͵ʴףܴ˵ùȻΪҪܴˣﺦĺݶ
ţЩͩ˵Ҹô졭
ͩΪ˵شԴɣ˱żүٳ谮˭ҲԽȥŮˣЩϲ̨ˡκүүȻǰĺá
޴䳰Щһֱ谮ЩСֻȰԼҪȵĸϾ˭ҵӲģȴ䱾ôߡôһ𣬻ҪηŵΣ
ˡ
˵ˡ޴˵ȥүԺҪǣһûأҵң
ȴͩʵȰֻܷϴ¡
̺󣬴޴˴һȺ˵˴ԴɵԺɷ˵ͷԸ˰ӵС澺
Ѿʱ˶˯էһĶԺĳ濴˿δ巢ʲô£һȺ˾ʹǺ˳ȥûü·
ԺŻѣ޴ϣһẮɨǣ﷢
㣬޴ƵĿڵҶ̫ͣԼݣȻԽҷˣҾ͸úúøأ֪˭Ǻӡ
һʹͷ
޴˵ͩѯүȥ˺δλشģ
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Ŷ𣿡޴˿ǸСˣһӳȥ
Сŵһֱֱ򵹣ءһ
ˣС֪ˣСĲٷСһذա
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ŴӵͷƤ飺СĲҡ
ܺá޴˰ѲյŵͩϣǾ˵˵үȥæЩʲôôˣһ֪İգ
ȿڡ
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޴ѭȥü˵գҿɲһٻ
СĲҡֻµС˼ʵСҲ֪үæЩʲôֻżȻүԸߵĳȥӻиʲôҪã֮үÿ飬ʱҹޡ
ʲôˣ޴˾ץסʲôҪĶ
СҲֻ֪żȻһ䣬ǿүʱıǸ˺ڴ
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ͩĺ棬ô޴˯һָܻˡ
ʵϣԴӴ|ﻹǿԣټݺ楲ɷ楲𴩣һľڷˮȥ;壬޷侲˼
ɫˣȷھȥˣǵڶȥա
޴˱ȰԼЪϢȴһҹշתߡ
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ʱ컹ûȫ˺Ʋ©âǳѾûˡ
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Ĵȣһ֦İ׻һ͵ˣϧؼǣǴС
ΣһľͻˡһʼȻƾܣһȥҲʹӦˣס˴ԴΪðլԺ
˸˼ԴѯľԼ˵Ҫж޵滨꣬һľˡ֮󣬲֪ô˺Ⱦ̸ģԳ͹һ顣
ԴɿŮҪСŮԽ˷ܡ뵽ɫ˥ķ˺ͳ檣;ûûζοԴӴ|󣬴޴ǳֲݣҲԸؼҿɥһֱסˡ
Ϊ޴ΪŮģûʱ£Ըע⵽һ¡
ŻˣԽϲƶš
Ŷүù緹æˡ
ԴϸЦŵڣүôȥæ񣿡
ү˵ģӦîԻүˣ
Դ°ʹȥ㲻Ҽĵһ𣬻ͱ㹴ȥˡ
үɬ
Դ§ȴסæүһ
ԴЦ£
岻ԣһ˫۾ȴ㡣
Դüôˣ˭㲻ˣ
ûҲˣֻǡֻ˵ҵˡ
Դɳؼ磿
ҡͷЦﻹмˣҸĸ˫Ҳ󲮺ռȥĸϧңҽӵֻ߽ϧҲĸôãȴһҲûܼΪռֽǮĸһҺʧա
Դ̿˿ţʵڹⲻȥһ͵͵Ϊĸһλοĸ֮顣
лүмֻ᲻鷳ĸϾˡ
ֻҪСЩᱻ˷֣լ˲֪涼ҵˡ
ͷֿЦүֻˣڣҾͲǹ¿ˡ
һòŮԴɵõ˼㡣ЦֻҪúźңһһֱôõġ
ֻöĵ£ôˣΪѰӣͲԸһۡ
ΪֺֻܱԼǰա
ô࣬һҪߣҲҪõʳһӵǮơ
˼ˣݵĸˣûйͷƵϡ
ү᲻ҲЩ˵ǸĳŮӣ
Դţʲôԣ
ҧҧ˶˵ΪܼҴٷ˵λã⹴磬ıɩһʬ
ԴЦһֻͣǶ
ۿﺬ飬˳۽Ǻչ£֪ţһǲң˶ָǸЫĳŮˣҲҲôΪүԩ޴˵ûкɩǱǿң˭֪ɩˣңôͣǶšȻľܼңϾˣУȻǱҪΪάֻҡʵϣҲǸŮǸº˱ɩүĺί㶼ң֪Żʲô˼ˡ
˵ʲôԴ̾Ȼţ㲻ˡŹ֡
ԴȻһ۾ƳŮʲôˣֻϲĹȥ
һ̰ɫһ̰󣬺ǰ˯Ůûʲôͬʡȥ˲鷳
ȻҪҲ塣
СүҾͺá
ڻԴɳٳٲԸ彿үˣźϴա
Դɱ۾
尵ϲҲٴ
ͻȻһȴ˽СҲүλƫҪСס
ȻѣЩĻţү˴ˡ
ԴϤһ飬͵·תƺҵط㡣
ʶʲôϡү
˼ɴүô졭
ʱ򣬺ԽԴɣҲҳ㲻Ǻ֪ܶҶѵ¶һ
Դļ٣ҪҪӡ
ȴһ죬űƿ޴˿ֻ£½δϵĴԴɣͷٿһڵĳ壬ŭɶ
߹ȥŭЦðáү㲻ԸظԭΪˡҵҪǸʲô˰үԵߵΪҶˣ
˵ţӻ֣ͩҧҧֻѳϵ·ǿƿˣ޴ˡ
ԴҪֹѾˡ
һ̣Ůӵݣ˶ˡ

ҶЦᶼҪˣŶӵǼǸ龰һҲ̲סЦġ޴ֻŶԸ뵽Ժˡ
Ҽеôˣ
Ҳմ޴˵ķŭӦûգ
ҶòסЦ޴ͷϣӾöˣ˺ãȻˣţȻ˾Ҫˡûôˣ޴һڶĿڣôҲҪйȻţ屻һ׵û
ҵȻأ¾ˣ
Ҷ֪ô˾Ϣˣֻǰѳ˳ȥ·ʲôûء
ꡱһ楼¶Ļ֦νҳ󲻿޴˵ȷʧȥǣڴӻţȰ˵޴˲ǿͬⲻִ󡣡
˿ȥ¥ݣ֪檣ǲңǻᱻʷӰܵ
ӱ޴ܵõʲôôأֻ̡
Ǳ˳ˡߵ
Ͼ˼壬Ǳ֪˴Դɵң˸Ц޼ҡԣ޴ֻܸߣ֪ܰܵʱ˾֪Ȼĺô
𣿡楼Цһѣóô࣬òӳ˴ӣԭΪܹ긻ӣõһǮƣû뵽øһе³˹³ֱҪʹǧٱ
ǣ뿪˴ӣ˰ƾòǺ׵𣿡Ҷ
極һЦΪ޴ĻŹ𣿡
޴˻ô
Ŵ⣬Ũ֦ܵҶںڵͷҲȾһɫ
ſա
ϲڶ죬ҶʹµϢ
屻޴ȥβ°ˣҴ뿪˾ǣ¥ݡ
ʼµ
Դˣ楲ͬ飬ϻòڵĽѾܺˡߣΪٻԳԼӣ¥ʲôأ
Ȼ޴˲δҵ³ýǴһڴ˰£Ծûкת
楲Ըˣգҿ޴⸱ģҲûԸˡ
ڹĵǺһ¡
Ϊ칫޵ĽݹʱһϢھǴ
ᱡ˰˹楱龪㵡
ЦЦʵ֮У𣿲ǰ˹ҲǱĹ̫֮ǲû޵Ľݹġ
楳˼Ƭ̣Цˣԭˡ




243 ͻ
 

Ȼ˹ĸֻǸŮϾǻѪȻҲҪ޵ġᱡϲҲҪȢȥһͲؼ޵Ľݹˡ
Цһװˣ˹ղ죬ȴǸˡ
ȷˡ
˻ȥĻڻʵУ񲻴һ㣬˹ؼʱֻӣ˵׼ʲôʱͺˣˣ޵ĽݹҼ޸濴Ǻܷģ˹㹻͸֪ΰӹá
˼ˣ極ҲҲã̫Ҳ޹֮ˡ
Ȼĸƽϵ壬ֻĲᡣ
뵽ЦֲɵҿɲΪƸᱡҹ
Ц⻹Ǻ׵ģ̫ӲǷԸƱм˵϶ѡܣȥѾƣ˾Ĵİ˹ԴһȾ˹ʱٰᣬĽݹʹڳټϾİţȻǡ
µɫһѿ
ͷȵĺϣ룬ºܿͻּͻˡ
ɫ΢죬˺һǰһҲó׶ˡ
ǱȴǷ
ŭⲽָĸ磬㾹Ȼ˱˵ĵʵ̫޴ˡ
ҪãʵƲģָʹǼҳ㷹Ҳϰˣǲ
һԵϣͷģЩΣȫ̬֮
ֺõЦЦҲ벻̫ӻְȢ칫ûʲôãǹȢ˭Ȣñˡ
䣺Ż칫Ǻѣ̫뾰ͷȢ˻ãȴĥԸ楣Ըĺ𣿿ΪĴƻˡ
һ㶣ãǻ칫ֻǸŮӣ㲻ϲҲôĥգ
Цĸ絹ϧ񡣡
ӣСֱֹɱҪһǰΪһСҵĸ飿
üͷ߸𣺡ĸ絹ϧˣȴҲ룬һܳİ˹ôôɳǰϵĴĻ֦չ˭ǹᱡüȥĽݹǸŮļˣҲĽݹ
üͷ⻰ǰû˵Ǿﲻ
˹ǹŮûҲֻǸƽŮӣֱȰ˹߹أκǼĸøж£ףҲֻκһöӰˡκȷܶණÿζھӸµ̬Ҳûаֳء
֪ԹֻҲʵںܹ֡
ȴ˿û˼Ҳգѳɶ֣ͱһ뵽޷û칫̫Ӻ楣Ͳʹ졣ĸ磬ҿɾ㣬㲻Ǹ˹ãʹ̫ӿһġ
ĵһӶҪڴˣλܹϵ£ֻǵ֪ˡ
⻹ࡣ
ƽɨһۣõˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˡϵ̫ӻ취칫޵Ľݹû뵽ǷסֶΡˣֻίĵȢǰ˹ˡ
ЦЦأǹҲί
Ǿͺáƽļ򣬰ģ㲻ϲҲûϵصĽݹҾΪѰЩ͵㸮ϡ
һϲл硣
ƽһЦĵܣǺܿҪع֮ǰмҪҪȥ
ĽݹʵõƽȻðգһ춫·Ҳ
֣صģȻĽֻ²ɡ
㡣ƽϾҲǴˡ
ͷ˼
պ󣬹־ٰᡣݵһ룬ʵ۵Ľݹѽ󾰽ΪףʹѰ࣬Ǹöˡ
ԣ˲ò죬һ±Ǻģǵˣǻ֪λү͹ס
ȻʵЦ˼ǹþӭȢʰŮ
ڴһֻг޻ܳĹзţ˹Ҫ޸ʵٲ⣬øĻҪһܶ󾰵ӣڼױҲҪࡣ
ڻʵ۵ľ˲⣬ᱡ˹֮Ҳ˵ġ
һ칫Ҫ޵ˣ
䵭ģ칫޹ȥӦòùգ
ţʵѾּվлԸ⽫޵ѣؽ֮á
칫Ĭϯλϣָƣ̣ûп޳ɨбϯǸɫӰǰһƿĿˡ
ȻһҲ뿴һۡ
Ůѣлˡ
칫żоһͬʵл
ϲŴʵۺǸˣ˼ʹľơܿ죬һͬʵ۷¾Ʊᣬ޻һҪ
Ĭһ˲ʵЦǰգýȢѾʹϷˣȻͬ⣬޾ڽΪǴͻ顣
ʵĵͻʥּ֮¡˾֪ʵۻͻҲΪ档
Ϊ楸ˣգգ۾㣬úͳһлˡ
һЦӳһĨĺ죬ϵĶҡӳһĨӰӣȴƶ˼Ĺʡ
̲ס࿴һۣվǿסǿҵĽܿͻָ°ģлֺܿ˻ϯλƽǰðգ򲻿Ƴʲô
ʵմãֲ֮ǰһֱŲȢޣԭǿ۹⵹ǲƥ䡣飬Ҳ÷ˡ
Ȼֶ極ԺףҪúչ
極ü˳۵ǣ¡
Ц׷ҵϲֻǰڳ壬ҾƣǽӦԣֻһնºߵĹͺá
楺ͳĶˣų׷ġһҪŵĽݹڸʶ˵楶ôʶ̧٣˷һƬģҲøѡһ̫ȻѦܲܳΪ̫Ҫı¡
鲻ͬuͻּ⣬Ĳζ֪楲ϲҲܹȢ楡
ԺҪõ楣Ǿ᳼ޣҪ鷳ûϵġ
ţһĨɱ⡣
칫ѻ룬ע⵽ᱻʶġ
Ůɫǵ
칫ҡҡͷ£ֻǺ˼ƣͷЩΣȥ硣
˵ţվ˲עʱ˴ʱһۡ楼ˣ֪칫лҪ˵濶һҲ˴
⣬ϡ財΢棬ȴɢе
ĿȻȻԷȻ󲢼У֮ǰеĸҶʧˣҪõѡ
칫˵Ҳá
칫һʯͷϣ˾䡮㡯
楿뵵ˮһ̾ߡ

칫Ȧ΢죺ҲԸ뿪󾰣Ը뿪磬ǡûа취ܾҸͲʶʲôӣȴҪǧȥ
¶̣ɵôǶ磬֪λãԣֻҪԴҵǿΨһõġ
ס칫֣οҪ̫ģԺһȫǲ⡣Ѻʹͬԭʹ󾰵ķϰû̫ͬܿͿӦġ
칫ҡҡͷ̲ס£Ҳºף֪ҼȻǻҹûм֮ǰѲ˺׵ˣҵΡֻǣ᲻õǡȥѣ˭Ҳʶ͹¶һûʲôǸӿģЩ£Ҳ֪Ժʲôӡ
лᣬɻʡס
ûлġ칫ɥ
ȰοҪ̫ģλ鵭ĮȴǸе˾ӣȲ˵ģӦû㣬ΪӦе١
칫ӨӨĿô֪Ǹе˾ӣ
Ȼ۾ġӸᣬѵ첻ҵ۹𣿡
칫ʣǡҾ
ʲôµģ㲻ҪˣǻҹһġЦᣬȻ˽ҿóΪŮɫޣˣֻ۸㡣ߣô˭᲻ϲأ
ôᣬСүͲϲҡ
δ˵꣬ס죬ݽҧĸ졣
㣬㲻𣿡
ʲô
칫̧ͷɿĿһֵۣͷΪһС£ҾǨŭ㣬ôʱ䲻Ը㣬ǵȫȴˡ




244 ·
 

ôأ
칫Щ˼һΪ㲻Ըټأǵͻּ⣬ܣǲ֪ö˭˵ȥҲֻˡ
ЦֻҪԸ⣬Զѡ
ҿһӶˡ
ĬȻƬ̣̾죬ӵԺѣûϤˣһҪԼǧҪﱻ˼ƭˣ׼£ɸ߻ӣһ壬Ȼ㡣ȻѻҺЩҴ˵Ǹţǻų㣬㲻صģҲغ£ݰǣںǵ뷨ţһƽ˳ġţ۷£㶼Ҫȹ˺ԼûôҪ
룬ǾuĿˣ칫Ѿˣ֪׵ֳҲ֪Ҫѹʲôʱء
칫ͷ㲻Ұգ
楿ЦãȻᡣ
ȷʱ򣬻칫᲻ԹԹҲûϵܿ˴ٲҲʧĻ칫ϣûпۣӻһֱá
Ժɩˡ칫ᣬǿЦҲۿִ֮񡣡
ĵֹ㿴󾰳˶ῴ
Цſģļ޸ӣĪ嶯¡
칫䣺ס
ɢ󣬻ص˶ԶŴͻһ£ȻҪȥȰðݼ̫ˡ
һϲɫĸף楽ǶˣҲ÷ˡ
̫Ŀ⣬楣Цǰȷȴһ׮Ը
ϴȤҿĳİ楽ģԺҲһ楽á
üۼȾһĨɬ
ЦˣҲ˵ˣɫˣĸҲЪϢˡ
˵ţ˵Ц濳ȥˡ
һϣ̫֣̫ߣĻһĸ
̫˺һۣ¼Ϊͳͻ飬ǲԸȥĽݹôģ
楸Ҫڣ̫˾͵ҿҪʵ
Ȼʲô楴̫˵ļ򣬡ʵҲûʲôֻʡȥһЩ鷳
ʲô鷳
ԥһ£極Ľݹ鷳
̫üҪ׷׵˼
û취ֻܾʵԸ棺ĽݹǸ˳֪õϢ֪Ǿ˾̫һֱ롭ң´ȥŮܿܵңһ²һ£ͻʥּˣҲͣһʱ䡣
ȻҲΪuģ楿Ч󣬷uҪô´̼uʵɡ
⻹û޹ȥأЩ鷳̫˼Ϊ
ⲻԾǳȥġ
ߣϵĽݹҴô࣬Ů޽Ĳֻһ̫ĳ楶ĸֻһƽϲ֣ɲۏ˻ˮˣǿԷڵġ
գգ۾ΪҪڣΪҪã޸ǵ£ϲѽҵĶΪҪˣ
̫һʱһŵĲ£
Ц죺Һʱ¹Ǳ˶ңûĳЩֵĵ
ҴˣҲҪԸԸ⡣Ȼϲ޹أΪ˺Ͷ졣
̫˼벻⣬Ȱ˵ȻѾҾͲȰˡȻﻹûȫҪ붫
лĸЦȥ㣬˼롣
̫ס֣ˣˣʱ䲻ˣҲȥЪŰաѾ˯ˣͷա
صԾǵƻͨ楲Ժź˶˯
Цӭȥˡ
˶滶ϲϲ
˵ȻǴͻһ£΢Цŵϲ£Ȼͣʱˣȥա
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ָһĶͷ˵˵ʲô
ҶŶͷԾЦū˵ĿʵһֱŹ֪˶꣬᲻֪θأ¸˵ĳҹߣŵĻȥ
楲ԣſڡҺŽȥҶȴּۿ콫˻ȥ
Ҷ㡭ҸҪŭҶ죬ơ
˳ָķȥһ޳ӰӳڴֽϣȻ
ҶǲҪﰭˣȥš
ƲƲ죬ֻĲ鲻Ըˡ
ȼһţͿվڴǰ
سһᣬ˹ȥ
񡭡
䣬һůĻ˵ǰ
ţһ£˫ֻסѵһĨ⡣
ͻ׼ѾϤʱĵҩƣĪЩš
ҵһ˺ܾúܾáãԽ
ҧҧüǳЦⲢ㸸׵Ĵͻ顣
֪һǺܸˡһ˶֪ҵģ˸Ҵ⡣
˵⣬˶٣ҧҧԣuһġ
ʧЦʲôֵģô˫۾أǴ͸ֻ֪á
һΪҲ֪ʲô
ƿuΪ壬㻹Լա
üһʲô
̾ĸôһҼ޸ء
Щ˲ǳҵݣûмҡ˵ıӣĿ繣ֻһȢţҸͲ
뵽ʲôüһЦĸѵûʲôã㸸׾ûȢݼҵŮ
üҲЩǸȤԪȥ̽һ
΢˭ϡЩ㸸㣬ݼĽݹһĴ壬ôûȢݼŮԻݼҵȫ֧֣
һͷˮ楣¸ûҵ⣬ĸ׸ҪãԱֱӴӦǵ£ҷġ
楸һ£û˵ԺȻ˵Һᵶᰮء
Ҳ㣬̿ᵶᰮɲôõġߣҸͲʶݼҹأ
Ƴһۣ֮ǻзưգʱ˳ݼң壬ʵǷʤ
̧°ͣЦϷʣôңҺܸˡ
ҲûС楹
̾һĵ楣㲻صģҶĳŵı䣬룬޹أһ취Щ޹ؽҪ˷㡣
Ҳһ˵ûдڴϼȥԺԺ˵ˡ
֪ˡ
Цϸϸüۡ
ϲ楣ǰôׯ浣Į飬ǰȴϲŭɫʹСӡ楣ֻ楡
뵽⣬Ц£Ө׵ļ͸޵ƺˮһССⴽ绨һԽɫ極òٿᣬϱòŮӲûУֻݵһ
֪ģԽˣ˫С
һ㡭
һڣʣµĻͱ˻ȥ
ͬѵˮε顣һʱ޷ӦҪƾܣȴŹĻᡣ
ãŷſ۾ȴǽסϷ̣յͷȥ
ľþ޷ƽǿסЦݴüһӿ
̧ͷһۣЦʲô
ʱɫ糺죬ˮ⣬ԽޣҲԽˡסЦ楣ҵã֣㲻òһ𣿡
ϵȶԾûȥһۣߵһԵǰ¡ԭΪǸʳ̻ɣտǲ̫أû뵽ⷬٶʵϡ
֪գҲߣЦ
ûûȥˡ
ĵ̫ˣһʱΣ楿ɲҪҡ
楷ˣͻʥּԾ˼ˣԽôߡҲ֮ˣô䵽أ
㣬ɫָƽûʱ䲻ˣûȥЪϢˡ
סӣɫԹһһᡣ
楿Цˣʱˣ
ָ㲻֪Ļأһ˽ġ
ʲôЩãȻ
͵һЦ뻳Уͳ楣ĺܸˡ
極ֽڰգûƿ㣬ųһĨЦ
һ磬Һ߽źϴ
ƣɻҹºʱȥģһֱţôû
Ҷһ˵׼ˡ
žˣ䣺ȥùҴ̫Ӹ
ԣ˲۴¡
ϴ緹˺ⷭһ飬ͻȻεһ¡ֻһ˻ͣˡ
г極Ҷôˣ
סǵҶƿӵ




245 ڶʮ 
 

ĿиӸ
֪ʡ
Ҷʲôˣǿƣһƽϣʶľ͸Ͻ
ȴЦС˺αضŭҪ뿤һˡ
Ҷγָ˵Ĳӣٲҵ飡
ӻȻ£ӻ֣߳ʮ»һֳֵΧס
Ҷšüʲô˼
ЦֻͿȥط˵ġ
ҶҲϰ֮ˣȻóʮǸ֣ͷ楣極
ȴֵˣУǹԹԸ߰ա
Ҷŭ󵨿ͽ֪ҼҾͿݣȴڹ컯֮ǳ¶ˣ´ͷ𣿡
Цſ񣺡һ᲻ͷҪҪڵĴ֪˱ҲԿ񡭡
˵ţóһ֧ΣҶ
Ҷӹȥɫɡ
ơ
ת֧Σϸ˿ɫһǹĶ칫Σŵġ
˼ˣƿӣӵΪλ
ͷһЦѩô᲻أ
ǾȻ°˻칫ЦǻǵΪڹ͸֣
⻹Ϊһ̫֪뻳칫ѣֻܳ²ˣ˺޹
ǣ˵Ļֱ׳ûʡ
極ʲôˣ
˾֪ˡ۾תţѲɣ뻳칫Ľ鶼Ǽٵģ
㡪ҶŽ޲һԴ
ӵģǺܺõд˻칫ûжһͷֻҪȥӣǻ̷
ҳ˳極ӡ
գգƵ۾楻˲䣬ĸˡ
極ͷҶغ
ҶҪڣֵ˻ȥǿɲģҿһһ߰գֻҪʵʵǲΪѡ
֪֮˸ԼѡĻᣬ΢һЦûѡˣ˾·ա
ӵ֣һصܹ
뿤Ƽݡ
ЦһĻܵԼܻ߱ߡ
δ˵ʲôһʮ»ΧסǸʲôС
ãڳ˳ţʱ˼ľԽԽԶطмլԺ
֪ﶼǵ˰ţܣǲҪˡ
ҶһԼķŭ
ԼΣյĴ֪޾ǵȻ֮˵Ц֪˵ʲôſ楾ѿЦ
ĻЦ϶ǹ򶨡ЦһԸӿٶȡ
ֹ̣һΪƧڣΧľ裬ͨģˮ羰á
ͣ£̧̧°ͣ߰ա
楳ǰȥ㿴ľӳɫӳûҶȴһ
»ˣܽɽƣֻһլԺҲ˵楺ȣҲȥҲ·Ѳ
ò˵֮˻˼ȫ
һǰţܿǸխСžͱˣ߳һɫɴŮӣЦǮˣѾȺʱˡ
ǮһѣЦҽ⼸˴ǰȥ㡣
ðūҵ㡣ŮӽһЦ
ͷһǰһϣҾ֪ڵȵһǵˡ
ǮƳһۣЦλĹͣһҪдλһʧĲ㡣
ͷİաŮ˿極λա
Χô໤ȥҲа
üۺЦɨһۣȥˡ
߹ǰԺ԰ӣ㵽ԺһµԺӡŮͣ½Ųˡ
ʾԵĿǮһۣˡ
ǮԸ˿楣ȥǰ棬㣬һʯɫ۵ӳţǺЦ˿Ϳ𣬶˵һ̬֮
楿òü𣺡ҵǲ֪Ľݹ£ôҲּ֮أ
ͷõһߣЦ֪ùңҲвѵĿ԰
ԣ楳ǡ
˸ƣԸϲ衣
ǣ£򴽲ԡ
ͷһЦж𣬷ģҼ˵˺ǣһ
˵ʲôǺģ
һĸƵǰ𣿡
Ĭһᣬҡҡͷԡ
u̹Ҫİ˸Ķûͬ⣬ˡ
üͱһǸѩĺӡ
˵ţе؅˿ڲ衣
極칫ںδ
żԭһءϧһ̾ա
һŲһСӰ˵ǰ㡣
Ȼǻ칫
칫ԾɴˮɫȹӣһСɷף˿ңһ֧Ρ
°ߵġ
ˣ£ˡ
ԹԵһյ裺ùȻͻ칫񡣡
ѾˣڿԽ˰գ
ȻŵԵġ֣ˡ
һװĺŮ߹кηԸ
ָָ칫͹ȥù𡣡
ǡ
칫һⷬˣԭЩ˴Ϊ
ɫǣ㣬㲻һ𣿡
Ϊᣬ΢ЦȻȥա
ǡôܶ楲ܲأ
°Ϊץң˵ˣ㲻𡣡極Ȼȥ˷һƽ޹ʧȻ󲨣ºҲ޷ѽ
칫سţӻ֣ߣûᡣ
߰ա楴ߴ١
Ůա
칫һᣬ䣬ҧҧת뿪ˡ
ѣ칫ȥɲҪ˵Ҳ֤㻹ܰȻ
칫Ų˶٣һŮӵĴߴˡ
Զһ»б£Ȼڹж֣ϢĴ˻칫
ЦЦҲ޿κΣ˭ñءв㣬ֻ²ǹ
楷ЦǲǻҪлûɱ˻칫
ɱ˻칫ֻǡ
Ŷ㾹ȻһʵĸܣʲôЦ
ȻȻǼΪҪġ
˵գ´´Ҫʲô
²յЦݣҪһ
ʲô

һ˲ǳЦȻֲõ²ɱҡ
̾ǽˣҿ᲻ɱ㡣ߣǾɫɱҲϧˡ
Ҷ񣡡
ЦһߵҲмֱµġ
楸Ҷʹ˸ɫҶݺһۣջؽ
΢᣺¾ôƶϣ
ƶ̫̫ôܲٿؽأ楱õӣ˻ùá
Цˣ¼ΪѤãҿǳδޡ
ָô棺ģһһδޡ
β𣬵Ļ
ա
㣬һϮǰһŮӡŮӲ̬ӯȣƵİףپ¾Ϻõ̶ɣһ˫۾ΪޣһһͶķϣĹ棬òʾȻ޼
ӯӯʩһ񣺡СŮӼ£
Ҳ㵣ȻҲһģһ
գһ˫۾ѽôһĸ
У͵һǰ˶ŮӣʼѵǣҪһòҪѧϰһʣǵҲҪһ޶գѡ±ÿ԰ȥĽݹˣҲصĳ飬Ǻܺ𣿡
Цˣ˶ˣ
ȻȥȻҪó׼Ц
Ǵһȥʲôƽٿؽ𣿲Ӧ˵λ
͵ĿùȻϻۣһͨ
ЦݼڽƾʲôΪһǣΪ鲻ΪȫҲΪŰأ
㲻ġ֪Ǹں˵ˡ
˵ţЦ
ЩȻü´Ŀðвҵ˶ҵˡ
΢ЦСͱöҵˣҲԸ˺ǵģȻǰǹԹ
ƵŶǰҴĽݹ󣬴ΰǣյĹ𣿡
Ȼᣬ㣬ҲĲ̰ʵ㣬֮òôĿܿأֻҪԸ⣬Ϊ㰲һµݣƽԺ󻹻Ϊٻ޵Ļٻ󡣱ãĽݹķɲȴ󾰲ֻҪ˶磬һʳǣ
ԣԽÿЦôƽ¾ֶҪƭסһŮˣĸԸΪ
Σõѡ񡣼ٻܱס֪
ҲӦأ
ǱþƲԳԷƣͲҪǲݼˡ󣬲Ը̷磬ѵҪ̷Щ¼ֱɵˣ㲻ںҲΪС룬ѵ䵽һҵĵز
楻˻ϵĲյĽݹƽ£ΪĿĲֶΡ
ãѾ㰲һҪΣڰֵ˭أ
楳̾һ£㶨Ҫ𣿡
ҲΪ£òҪΪҡ
Ц¾Ͳ½·˾˺ݺǣʱǵ³֪Ҫжء
һ㶣ЦòΪǲģĵˮ©ᱻ˷֡ȻҲҪе˼ʶʱΪܣǹԹΪá
楶˵Ĳˮһڣ˽𣿡
Ժеǻ˽⡣
¿֪жٳǵ³Σ
гǸ㻹䵽ҵϡ
ҡҡͷ֪ʲô
Ȼһ˲ȻЦ
楿һЩº紺棺ľвңǱв




246 ϲ֮
 

Цݽϣ⻰ô˵
ЦǸ˾㰡
һţȴƽ˵ʲôˢʲôУ㣬ڿϣ޷ѡ
ǳǳһЦϣ²Ҫڡ
㡪㵽ʲô
վԪ磬ա
һ̧ȥȴһɫխ侢װӷһѽֵ
Цˡ
ɫһ䣬ţ㡭ôģ
˴ƫƧΪ˿סƻŮӣԲﶼţ楽ѣҲܿ챻ץοѲˡ
ڣԪΪλᵽլԺ֮޷졣
»ˣǮǮ
Χѻȸ
ʶ˲ԣͷ楣ҵأ
ü𣺡𣿡
㡭ǡǲţɨ楺Ԫ磬ģ
楿ԪһۣԪǵ˶ţѾסˣȿȥ˵ţƳһۣȻҲƾá
ϣ楣Ľݹɱ𣿽ʱƻԼҪ󾰻ʵ۽
極üһЦԼҼȻȻĵˮ©ˣҲɲͷϡ
ǿ򾲣Ц楣δ̫ţǳ£粻ưոݣûָ֤ģ󾰻ʵҲΪ˸ĽݹһҲ㡣
ЦŶºҲɱ𣿡
űǸȫ֮ˣڿǳδޣһӶҪڴ󾰣ʲôôأ
һȻҾ㣬ίʵǲƽ
üҪʲô
楿Ԫ磺ܳͷһˣ˵ȥк̷ܶգ
ԪȻЦֻҪԸԻÿ⡣
΢Цˣͽ´ȥգţһҪúд
ԪӦˣӻֱ֣֣Ҫߡ
ȵȡ楣ȷǸˣҰҲίֻҲףʲôʱ򿴴ҵļƻģƻܡ
һ£˵㻹ΪûзҹĳƥϲôıҹܰΪȻҪǧǴһǰͿʼƻһˣͬģҪʹ󾰵ĵһҾͿʼšڣûʧҲĵôá
ǰܽذˣЦһ楾ȻҲĵǿˣһں壬͵ǵȥء
૵˵ĲȻǸƻ˵Ůӡ
ԭΪֻЩСҲǸŮӣŮܱӺöԸû뵽ǵ͹ˡ
£Ժֵʱ򣬿Ҫȫ֮ߣûȫ˽֮ǰҪǼȻң͸֪ʲô˵ģϧ̫Դ̫ˡ
˱۾޺޵ˣҪγ
֪ܿˡ極ˣȥգúһ
죬һûڣͱοˡ
Ԫء
ףˣĸؼˡ
լӣ⿴˱סǮǸŮӣвٺ»
Ǯ޺޵Ķ楣Ҫ̻ˡҶڿԲˣγǮĲϣʲôٿҽ
ĬҶôˡᱻвǮһţȻҪ
龰һҲ£һ档ס۾Цûȥˡ
˵ţͱµһ̣һҽС
楽£淢һ
㣬ҶԪڳԯϼݳתͷ
Ŵӣ᣺һȥ档
Цԣ´ٴ
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ūˣҺù׼Ȼ
ҶЦЦɵӣ
ҵֲϰ֮һ󵨣ܻẦµġ
ȻĵĻ極İΣ
˵ΪǾŹˣ
ҶҲߵɱҲǿԵġ
΢΢ЦɱֻݾߣʱĽݹ鷳οҲ㲻϶񶾡
ҶԾ񶾣
Ϊ죬Ϊˣˡ
ҲôΪ˵
ЦǶ֮ˣͲ칫ȻǺ;нˣɱ˻칫ƻ̫ӺѵĽ˲𣿵ûУسŵң֪칫ǸŮӣһŮȥ
ҶȻ򣺡˽ǮʲôУΪ˻칫İȫûзԸǮ£
ЦŵǰȻǵĵˣһ˿ơΪΪȫƽ£ȴ־˺޹֮ˡ
Ҷκ߳󣬶ĿȾȴûлңҲʵѵá
κƽ棬Ҳʵס
ҶɫҰƽԸҵĳˡ
極εˣΪƽ𣿡
ҶһｫΪ
極һЦûжԻ칫ֵķϣҹҰԸȥһֱصĽݹʹǰһٷ϶Щˡ
һƽͲܹˣֻὫеŭת޵ϡ
ǱǳˣһЩֺηο
οҲΪȥĽݹ׼ԣƽԽԽãʱŻȳֶԸ楡
ԭʲôˡҶ
صڣɫѾˣ楲δȥ̫ӸֱӴҡ
Ϊ˲̫ģûн֮¸ֻ֪Ϊȥ̫Ӹu
*
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ĸǳ²࣬ˣԼ˽ȥǻҪ˷ʱȥ֪ˣͲȥ£
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ĵĺһԲƲ
ΣҪ취ȳĵܣ޷򸸻ʽʱʲǶԸһ¾Ͳˡƽ
֪ĸУŹĸ𣿡
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һرһҪɱĸڶأҪ֪ҪԸʱ򣬿û顣ӶҪҪȥ̸У
ƽģȵȵȡ
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һҪѶʱ䣬ȴһʧô࣬ôܲʹء
ĶţԽԽʣ޷õˣ𣿡
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֪ĽݹȴǱȽֻǿѰˡ
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˵˴ҧҧԣݼû楣ʾͻῼݼˣȻݼŮ̫һݼҶȻȫ֧̫ӡ
ƽ͵ˣ㲻ҪЩˣ;ҾҪ뿪󾰣ٲܻˡҸЩ˱㣬СģҪ嶯ϲҪ楶Ÿɣ𣿡
ΪȻ֪ҾͲˣù£楣
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֮󾰳Ļʺˣ˭Ҳܺ
׾ͺáƽ⼸ʵʵģ׼Ŵա
º󣬾顣ͬʱλҲ׼ˣȴ󣬾ͷֱȥĽݹѡ
ףȻҪѸµϲ£һ󣬻Ҳʮʢ
ŵƽʣõĻϲ죬ڹдޣıãһ楾ͽˡuҲˣҲͬһͬ빬
ױ̨ǰŻļ£һ壬ͷŻķڣ·׺飬ýŻƣķˣƺչɡ貶Ŀļ£ӳյɫģʢװ磬޲ɷ
ΪκİŮױҲǼΪ񣬴й޵ų
¹ػʼ棬ʵֻܷԸ˶ΪλЩױܱĽݹȥ
е⣬һ楣뵽˻δҵһŻòȥ




247 һͬ
 

мҹŮ㣬ȴ˵ֻվڲԶ
žӳճ極Ӱӣ˹á
楿ĺӣδϲء
վſڣЦŵ̫ˣǱݣ㱻´ͻּ޸˾ǸҪΪһˡҳ󾰣һҪöա
ء
ƣôu㣿
䣬uǣˡЦ񣺡˼λˣҪ֡
ЩС£̸μ֣һתͷϵػζҫ۵ĹâӴҲˣñĸ
uЦôģ
uУȴǲ
ҲվߵǰЬϵҲһ²
ӣ᣺żûԽɰˡu᲻ãء
uЦôϲĸֻ⺢ԵƤĺܣڹߣֻ»ǹķ
ĿϣҵϲѵĺأһŮø
ˡ
С֣ţպóԵĺģԺȥòã
鲻֣Щżһ񣺡Ҫֻĸ档
ӶһСӾܾһĨã˲κˡ
楱ãá
極ЦǹСȻ׽
̫żˡ˼Ժ󶼻ڴ󾰣̫Զǿʱȥ߶Ŋu㣬ģͲˡ
Ҹͻᣬץסʲôԡ
˵ǡ߹ȥȻ㣬ʱˣ¾Ҫӭˡ
ЦЦվҲãԺеʱ飬Ҳһʱ
˵꣬׶ƵСŵЦĸˣȥ㡣
ǲ˵۾ӵĿֵͷ·
ŮȥӸͷϸ·ϸ΢塣
㣬Ůܽӭ׵Ķ鵽ˡ
ûжֻ楡
ǰŮнӹϲΪϣȥ
֣楷߳ȥ󻹸Ů֡
Ŀӣѹߺ޵楣ĸǲϣ
極Ц
ɱ
Ŀбӣãȡڹƽ¡
ĽݹҧгݣǸ˺ĸ磬ĸŹ㡣
ЩС֪Ԫ۲һӣֻκв
楣ƽƽӲ׷ɱ
бһۣǻȼǿѡ˭¾ãƽϲأǹһҪ鷳
ͷֻܿһһ˫Ьݺв楣㲻Ҫ̫֣ĸ类ôãѾ˰ա
ǹ˵̬𣿡
㡪ƺоӭ׶ԽԽŭҪβŻŹĸ磿
αҲ˵ˣݣôأģһһصĽݹ
ʶࡣЦ
楽ֽϲϽΰա
ܿ죬ʵĽӡ
ڶδľźɫϲ⣬ո֡ŸͷӸµĿһ楣еܸӣн䱸ǣһֹĲʣڿһԼڶһ㡣
üֱ
ܿ죬еȫΪ⣬һЦתͷ
źƺƵĶȥ칫ų֡
һͷЩȣ칫
칫Ż貵ϲԶһֱ˹ţ૵뿪磬û𣿡
極еİա
칫Ȼ㣬ٹ죬ҾҪ滴ӻˣ𣿡
Ȼ̧Ϊƽ壬һҪסҵĻ۷ʲô£㶼Ҫ£ΪûõģԺֻԼͻӡϻҪк㣬ôأ
칫ҧҧƽһСĵġ
һҪһ仰Ҫ߹
˵
ЯУĬһᣬ極ϣۺʱҪֳġ˻ˣҾֻϣԶôˡȥˣӵȷǸеˣȻǸȴܴЩȴǸˡΪӵܣ֮УȻʶıƣЩ˵͸ûаգǧҪǰˣСʱ̹Ȱ̽ڴﵽĿġߣԽˣԽױ֮˴򶯣˵ྴѵã磬޸õ񲻸ã
칫ţسҪԳϴ
ЦЦֻԳϴȻϣҸҲϣշ硣
칫˼Ƭ̣ҡҺˡ
ַ̧˷ϵӣԺټˣϣౣء
칫Ӱ˰۽ǣҲҪءȻ֪ΪҪ㣬Ҳ֪ѵġãҲһġ߰Ϊ˵û鷳ҪСĲǡ
極ͷһġ
ʱһŮҴҸʺūȥлҪ
칫˲ᣬ¶һЦ㣬ա
պʹ뾩ͻ칫ҲֱȥĽݹѡ
Ϊɹ٣ȻҪ֡Ȼв˺ۣڲ·£ǿʲôġ
վһƷ¥¥ϣųĶԶȥͦΣںɫĸͷϣԽԵ÷ȻȻòȲȴֺ
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һЦֻܼϣڻˡ
˵ǣԸǸ˰աҶƽ뿪ˣһˣӦú׶Ը
ĪҪ΢ЦֻҪ˺޹ǲԸºֵġ
ҶЦûСʱôܰرݣ
ûнӻȥ̫Ӹ
ҳɵ淺֣淡
ٹ죬Ȼ֣ӯͻ̫ӸΪ檣ҲֻǾٰһС磬һϲ̧ȥͨ˼檣֡
̫ӸᣬȻǲμˡδu鲻ãպȥ̫ӸuԿοһ
極˺ľӣuӭ楡
楿һЦ⣬һĲ֪ò÷£Я߽ȥʲô
uָϵ˲ˣ̫ӸոЩΪ̫´ϣȻҪһһʵŲ·ҲܷģĴ񡣡
Ȼˣ楻ҳǣǿˡ
һҷ֮£ôأ
ԥһ£楻ǵλ淡
uȻһЦڸ⼸գǰر֣ľ̷£Ȼʱ򻥱ͷάֱƽѾܺˡ
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´ǵһͬʣƫС
ô´㣬һ𣿡ɫСġ
uһͣЦȻǰһңߣͥҲҡ
極סɿͺãĸҲ÷ˡ
ģͨˡƺ֪ڵʲôuӸסֱһᾡΪΣչ˺ӣĶ
ˣ楻ΪеֵģһӰǰ楶һǿů񻹹uĲϣһʱסˡ
uʧЦ楣ʲôôˡ
ЩȻûûʲô
uͷñ˲Ϲ˹֪дʲô
㡣ͻȻ
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״㣬»ϲ̫ӸѰ̫ӵ𣿡
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֪ôǸԽǿҡ⼸Ƶ̫ӸǲΪ̫檣uֻܽѰ̫ӿһu
˼ˣ뵽ôãΪuԵʡǽǴȥĽݹҲлһء
񡣡uĶͷôˣ
楻عֻ룬ھ̫ˣһг䶨뿪ǣɽˮȥĽݹ
˴uƿӣЦȥĽݹ




248 ̫
 

񣺡̫ӵ¡
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u±ʣΪ£²ǽôʱˣ
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u²յ極Ŀ⣺̫ԼǣһˣҲر̫˵»Ҫллչ
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249 ɱ˶Ů
 

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250 ҹɱ
 

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251 ֪
 

½ȻԹ޳˺Ϊ̫ĶӱɱϾǶޣҳ˺Ѿ䵽ĵزԳ˺Ųʣÿȥ
ԣ˺䴫кʱһ˹ֻһѩ׵¾ͼææ˳ȥ
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ѽ㣬Ҫңʼ֮ĶܲմȾͲմȾֻԺλӵõǸλã½ҶȫȻ㸸׵Ժ飬һãҪ½ңѵ뿴½ұ𣿡½żĲյػζǲˮ罦
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ǣͻȻһ죬ݱҴ۰ĸײĸףֹˣǼӺ½˶ӵ֣ǶĸصĲĸΪݺ˺ܶˡ
ߵôܽʵǺ½˵ģҶʮĽԼĸסΪԼǻʵ۵ĶӾ;Լ󣬷ʹ޿͵ۺ̫󣬾Լ࣬½ˡټ϶極Σ楳ֶԸԼͻĥԼ
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䡼֣Ӳģ㣬ˡ




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ֻҪңȻҲȫȫΪġЦȻ
֮һұҲо顣
ϻһ漴ЦˣĿ¶ĽͬҹŮԶ޷һġѹһ°߲ʵĳôϲӣҲᶯġ
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Ǵ󵨣к˷ûа飬ȴҹĳǰ˵Щ
֮˵ģҺΣ
楱鵭Ҫ⣬ҲǹҡϾʵңδЩǡ
Цݲģ̫ӵµŮ˾ٴ󵨣Ҳҵ̫Ӹ°˰ߣ˽˱ء
΢΢һЦĸ׵ǲһģ谮˾֪顣
ЦЦһּۣŪԼǣˣҪˣԷһ
лѡ極
ִܵ׽ͷuǲϴ
̾ʲôϲҡ
uСֻѣҪƽϡ
СӶѣȻƽЩʮִȵģ
һͻȻ
ͷô
·ϣҲڷ°գ
ưô£ôû˵أ
楹ϣôΪǺΪ
˫޵۾ͻȻͷһȴЦҲ󾰲ã˸ϤҲûмλʴˡ
Ҳһʰˣ֪ˡ̹Ȼ
ĿһĨ
楺ʧôոǿĻ۵ļֱҪѪûЩˣԺҪ¾Ͳˡɶǣ楾Ȼ߮߮Ĳû極Ļ楣õϢȫ֪
ֻŭҹд͵ƽϣԪ֪ڴ󾰵Ϊ
һ²ȷ֪ƽκԪﵽһڡ
ƽȡʤڴ󾰵Ҳ᲻ù
Ϊ楺߮Ϊ뵽ķѾЧȴ֪ͳȥţϡ
֪̫ӸҲˣĿľ̽һ楡
߷粨ӿع㹬ȴڡ
ʵۣݼˡ
ĸס
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257 ɼҵ
 

Ǵһ°ɫľɴ˿廨ȹŶ£ϴһ֧ǶҡϹЦݣûаļӣһڹŮ˵ЦڹУ˭Ҳ벻ǻʵ۵ǡ
Цһ񣺡ĸס
ǻӻ֣ŮǺˡæܣ㻹Ҫƣ
˳ߣĸ׿ԩˣҿҪġ
ǵҿ¾ǳԺ֣㲻ԼݣҲ±㡣
Цжǰ浲ţҲʱ
ЦҲ˵̫Ӻ;Ϊ·ǣȴѾȢһ޳ҲͰˣʲôʱҲȢһӸƣҲ˹ܹ㡣
ЦеĸףȲ
ǵһۣô궼ˣһ籧ء
ŹãҼסˣȿ˳۵ľ͸ĸס
֪ңĻز˵ǵ
ЦЦߵһǰĸ⻨ĺÿ
֪ڹӱܣ޿κεű½ˣ
Ц΢ͣǡ
ǶյƺţŶ˵ʲô
ԥ£ĸףǲ򸸻ģȻһ򲻹ңôͻȻ˵ΪҴͻһ£
ҲЩȻȻ뿴Ȣӣɴδͨʩѹ
Ǹôأ
ʧЦɵӣô㣬ϾӣڻδȢޣȻҪһ£Ȼ˸ô룿
ˡ
ǵǺܸˣȢļҹ
ЦֻȢһ£δ˵ҪЩ˼ѡ
ƺҪϿʲô»˵ʲô
֪ǶԱĮģӣʲô˼һ۾ܿ
룬ֺУҵΪǲָЩһýֻ֪ʼΣˡ
ŶҪȥ
һȥһ
ͻȻһ֦΢΢һǳЦţܺáԺ޹Ҳӣܱһɢõö࣬˵𣿡
üĸף֪ģӶЩ񲻸Ȥ
ҡͷЦǰҪ˵𣿡
ĸף
ǵǰ׾Զ붷˭Ǹλãܱס㲻ҵģƫҪ̫ӽã߳һ㲻ˣҲȥˡھȻʣǱסˣȻա
ġ˺һĸףѲ⣬ͻȻʼңʲô¡
ǿżģһôˣ
ҡҡͷĸף鲻濴ô򵥣ĸף㲻ұԶֻһֵү
ô£
̾һЩΪѣĸףҲ˵
ҲǸˣһᣬ׹ƺ̫Ӻ;Ϊʲô
һܣҲܶĸ˵ͬǲ볯ֻңԶҡӴ;лԺӲù
ʥΪܾܾ𣿡
ҡҧҧȥ󸸻ʡ
ü΢㸸ʾ£˭ܸı䣿
ǡ
ε˳Ȼգ㸸ʼȻĿģһʱ̾Ͳῴ㱻
ʵﻹһ룬ŵǣû˵
Ƕĸ׵ġ
ݸһЦˣ˵Щˣ˵Ȣ޵°ա
ĸף˵ʱôƻˣ
һۣЩҪ쵶ն顣俴һֱŲ£
ЩãȻ漴ñĸף˵ʲô
̾ɵӣģ˼˽⡣ǰʱ䣬ˣ˭֪һԾɲġ֪ҳߣҲʲôŵڳֻҪףֻҪϲҾ£ΪȢй㶼ȢΨԣѵ㲻ΪλִԲ򣿡
𾪣ĸףΡ֪ģ
Ŀ㣬㿴Ѿ˵һУȻΪεĺܺãҡ֮׷̫ӣҲΪգ
ɫһ䣬ֱ˼ĻңΡʧ䡣
ĸףҡ
°աס֣˼Ͳôڣһ˷֣֪ʲô㱻ҲͰˣڵݲһ
æ⣺ĸףҳҲñве˼ĺܺã˭֪Ҳһֱֿ֪ҡֻżһۣҾˡôô鷳أ
ΣֻҪһŲĴǵͳһַ°գģǰǣԺҲǡǰ̫Ժ󻹻ǻʺ󣬾ţҲҪ̫ӺᣬԶģ׵ġˣ㻹ִʲôȢӣرүġҴӲָʲô컯ֻϣúûţһȡ
ǡǲЭ
ûпǡǵΣҵġ
ֻһıһֻסˣѵسĸףٿǿǰա
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δ𲻱ҪĲ¼ɣԣܻذ
˼һȥ̫Ӹ
ѾȥˣԺӣ㿴̫棬Աŵu楣ȻλҲ̫ǰ¶Ļġڵźuʵ˼̫ϡ
ԶԶƼ˼һڣֻѹе飬Ц硣
uٸ߸ߣԻͷȥЦĵܡ
˵ţ
ͷϣЩⱻжϣ§ĲӲš
u̿ţһ棬ˡ
һ
uҪˣˣ
죬鲻Ըĳuſֱۣu
߹ҡҡȵô棿
u䣬Ц´ˣ뵽δˣˣʱ䡣
ͷǰæڹͲˡ
uӹȥˣͻȻΪ£ǳʲô֪˰գ
ԣ̧ͷ
Ȼ֣ӯȻ⣬ˣȻ楣Щʡ
˻̽ȴǹյɲǣңվֺ֪УҵҸˡ˵ʱ縮ϣȴѧԾ͸ָЩҪҶȥ磬֪ģƷɣͻУЩʶ
ֻ½ʱ£ҲͷţʵĸΥֻӲͷƤӦˡ磬򸸻գΪˣѧҲѧҲܽܵǣҪȢޣǶ˹ңﻹһڣ磬˵һϲңôͻȻЩˣ
u۵һĨâȴǹֻĵܣû뵽Ҳôһ졣ҿ˵ĶԣҲϴСˣǸóɼҵˣȻݲҪҵҲǺõġʼȻˣȥգø
һʧĸײҲͰˣҲҡ
uļ򣬴ЦĵܣҲϰ㣬ҲΥʵּ⡣úѧҲΪҷǡ
һ㶣һЦˣҰ㣿磬ͲҸϺȣ
uЦʱĲңȻһġ
磬ȡԹ
uЦԽʿ˵ΪѡλΪ𣿡
ֻһ죬ûȥ׼
ӲˣԣȢްա
Цһ˵գϣǴ¡
ʶƳuһֲۣɫƿĿ⡣
uЦЦûע⵽ߣȻΪuûʲôʱȢޡ
뿪uϵЦ£Ŀ𺡣
ظ·Ժ鷿ʱ򣬿ǰu
ȥЦ̫¶𣿡
u£ûвĵһתͷȥڿϤʱȥ
楴𣺡£Ű¡һֱֻүˣίʵ̫࣬ûֵ֡
uЦȻҲŸʡʲôˣһһĵܣΪͻȻҪ
̾£ȻΪʱһ˵֮ˡǴɱгû߱ʼ¾Ѿ˽Ĳ𣿱ֲ뵽ҲΪ棬ɵ£Ҳôġ




258 ѳ
 

ԣǸ뷨uԽǿҡ
ǰĸʵݵһ߱ĶӣĸʵۻαװֲֶεĻӵϻλ
ԭȻʵ⾰ʵۣ極İƶ£ʹûʵ˾ʵ۱
ǣ̫żˣ˿ӣʵۻɡڻʵ˵;ϲ޲ͬǾҿ̽ܣ˻ʵ۵ĵߣʵ۲ò˾ƫƫu˼Ⱦݡ
һʵuϻλľͶҡˣģƫ˰ϡ
Ȼϣ⣬ʵְϻλ
楷ɫԽԽѿ֪ѾˣԾǲʵҲûȻ;һвܣһų֮ģ䲻ܿس֮ǿԵġǰϲһ뵽;ٿԽˡ
УҺòߵգͲһ㣬Ҿ͵õǸλãܹһ񣡡u˫ȭգֱ𣬡־ͱ̿ɱˣҲ͵ǻΪۣ뻹Ҫ䵽εľأ
ЦʱҪ־ǣȷǹƻĺ£ûд治Ҫܱ߱ʵ۽䱸ʵҪѡְֵֹ˭
£һ֪µ˼ҿǰûȤġ
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̫̾ӻǲŰ¡
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ǻӣҲ޷νֵҲȰʵˣöԲ𣿡
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ˣЦһ±¶ųꡣ
һĺءuһִš
΢ЦȻ⣬ҾͲٶ˵ˣףԸһ˳
uĿж˼飺ģҲʧġ
΢΢üûзʲôֻǾĪЩġ
»ҪҪȥѰ̸һ̸
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Щ飬˵̫ףֱ˵˵ôֵҲˡ
ȻߵĲǵûб£͸ˡ
˵ţϥתȥ
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漴ǰûڣѹĵôãôûסԼĺأ
һͷͿӵ飬ֱֱûĿ⵭ĮûκuȴȻڱ
uһڣɫˣǸûȥˡ
ޱ飬ȥ
uԭأþûжС£淺֣淶ȥ鷿أ
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վڻǰ䣬ٷ磬ɫ𣬲ȾһʵĽɫվڴ˵أעĿ
Ц˶ˣ
ǰûá
Ҹʹ˸ɫ㶼ˡ£ΧĵĻ㣬Ͳ㽻֯һ
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ȴûס֣Ҫѹ
΢΢ЦûѹֻǾϧ갡ȴⶾ֡
񰵰һ̾楣м㡣
楼ѵ£
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ף
uͷϸһʵҲд֪Σܸ浽ǰֹ֤uΪŮ𣬻ܵõôǻˣҲѡôġ
סƽֻǡuģֻҪºˡ
˿⣺Ϊ𣿡
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һۣ̫ӡ
楱˱۾ұˡ
uյ򾩳ƯСô࣬Ϊƫƫ˱ҵŮ
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ǾأǷ֪Ϊ
ҪҪuһѵ
ĺȻһѵ
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ǡѹסͷķŭڸһѵֻ˾οüֵ
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uɱ˿͵ۣΪùùøҲԼ֡
ЦȻǰɱϷ룬ҵǺϲ
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µľ룬ûע⵽ķӦͷ£
ҶóһŰֽ߮š
չӹ𣬶Űֽһ㣬־ֳ
Ҷдʲô
չһЦ߮˵ץЩСŮϴεĵط¶ѡһطЩӡ
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Цԣ⻰š
ҶĿҪ𣿡
ֽȻ˼ҷѾ˼壬ȻҪԸ
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楽ֽˣҶȥ¸֪̫Ӱա
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˵꣬˷䣬ߵ鰸ǰԶԷΪī
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һʣҾ;̧
ЦԼԹԵдꡣ㣬±ʣҶ취͵߮Уǵøױ顣
ҶԽɻȴǵֽŽУūȥˡ
ĿҶȥʮΪ鰸
Цó£ôҲѾߵˣ
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ټֻһˣҲտ䣬һգЪϢٻȥˣƵĵ
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̫Ӹ
uӵҶϢãдԼ뷨Ҷȥ楡
ЪϢʱȻȥuĺľӡ
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죬ԡϴͬߡţȻ˯
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uȴ˼ӣߣֻǲŵˣ˼
ͻȻһֱֻۺ˹סͷľࡣһҶˡ
ԭĿԼ˯ţȴ˵ʲôֻǲ̫Сüϸϸţ˭֡
㣬ֻöߺһɫ䣬ŵĶȻȻ




259 ʵ۲
 

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u񿴵ͷһҲԼɿϴŵİɫ¡
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uҡͷЦЦΪʲôأֲ÷䵭Ǹΰˣ档
uЦǾ侳һ㣬ͬܡ
u뻳УЦҪ˼룬һζѣҵĽᷢӣôͺأ
u뵽˯лǸֻ֣һ󷸶ġòѹŭ⣬޵ǵ˶˵˼ҹΡ
uֱ΢ɣ˵淺֣淡
u
u֪еί̾˿ϧĵuҵݣֻһŮˣұ֤Ҫ㣬۰ĺҲֻǵĺӡ
uЦǰǸһİĽu˵׼ˣֻʮα
ˣѹʱʮа˴ܼʱѹÿߺ϶޺ľӡ
Լԭǰ˰極
Ц޸ô꣬ΪŮ£ͷȴΪƵסuȻ񣬵ҲҹŮԼĽɷĺģҲɷ⣬Լİ취ö裬Ҳϡ
ϸÿ極ȻεĺܺãģҲҵ˿
ǰ楽겻껪ֺãЩѭ浸صĴҹ㣬ôʻôϻۣЩҲʮĿɰĸӼ˲ᶯأѹһһ㲻ɽӽĳҲҪȢuԴˣȻὫ򵽰ͷϡ
÷ŭŭΪõΪuҶ˼ųģֻϣһ֣Ҫصĸޣû뵽uȻϵ楣öġ
δһu
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u΢ЦкܶҪҪȥ
ǺðաĸҲȥ𣿡

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uе۵Խˣˣڿ˯ˡҪ˵㻰߱Ŷ
̱۾Һġ
uűܿʹǳĺ
˯ţu
Ǿ˼ǵġuѷյuαװĺ̰˭ܱ֤Զĳŵأ
ǵò楣᲻ܻǨŭͺӣԺĺ󹬻ŮˣΪŮĶǣѾĻλʱͥΣա
ĺԸҪٻ󣬲Ҫʺ֮λҲҪһ˫Ůһƽڽ楣취
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263 
 

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uƽЩЦʵ楣ڿʲô
źϯλٿͷˡ
ʱķ˺ͷ飬·룬һԾơ̸ЦȴޱϯλϣؼֻǶˣ˭Ųǡ
Ϊǻʺٳ˲¶ˣμѾǶԻʼҵˡ
˻ཻһʶȤĵǲڡ
uϧ̾꣬εһŮȴǰ׷ͺڷˣŷϷڻءҼĿɰˣϻУϧ˺ȴΪֻع
Ц΢䣺Ҫֵģʱѡ
Ľݹʲô취֮Է
һЦΪԼһƣʱҪֻعҪ֮Է
uѵɲҪ֡
㣬ĺˣ⣬ҲŲ
˵˴ſڸ¼ݵʺݵ
æֹͣ˵Ц
㣬ۺһͬ˴󣬻ʵ۵ƽա
л˶̬¡
͵ڴ˴£ǿ´ˡź̫ۣŭֻźЩʵ۵ӳ粻ֶ⣬Ҫǿź˲˵һ岻õĻ
ʵۻ˺ܶ࣬԰˼֣ϵɿ࣬˺ܶƣӺ濴ͷҲ׷
ʵˣҲʵ޷ָǰĽˡ
ʺһ򳫵ڼ󣬽ѵװʮֻͷƵĶһѹŽӲӵķڣ΢΢һҲػζ貵Ĺâ
ݳޣֻлʺʸӵУ極˼ˣаᡣ
ٴ񣬸ʺ١ʵҲһЦݣʺһ
ʺ󿴵ʵô˵ﷴЩţȴЦº͵檶л£ʢ磬檲ʤ̿֡
ʵЦǻʺһ֮ĸȻ硣
ʺЦݲģл¡
ʵ۰ڰ֣Ϊٰᣬʺ󲻱ؾ񡣡
ǡ
ܿ죬мλȲ˵ǺĶǶһ޶ɼҲǷһ˼ġ
ʵۿһТĿɼΣǻصϯλˡ
ʵԣֲǰʾֻӲţ԰׵ɫͨ졣һƣѹȥžúЩ
ЦǺǵʺмҪ顣
ʺȻ飬ǱǻҼ¡
Ŷ֪˵ʲô£
ʵ۵ЩҲϴСˣܲһֱȢʺ磬һ㣬ָʺΪΣ
ʺ΢ЦǳˣҺñŰĻ¡˾ԣΪ°գֻǲ֪ļҹ
ô˵ţʺĿżֿɨŮϯ
λһҪڽΪѡǾȡΪʵ̫ͻȻˣȾȻûһ
ЩǼڴֽţ׷׵ͷȥ
ڵľƿǲų޸һĸ󣬼޹ȥҲί޸ܱȼ޸ͨٻ˼Һã̫ӽã̫ӵǻ󣬰ҲõܶôҴ档
һ֯ȣס̽㣬ҪΪѡõ½Ŀ󹬵Ľȴȫ֪
ĳֻЦƽҲ²֪ҪΪѡһ¡
楹㵣ǰĸȻȲ֪飿
ǿǰĵۺˣʺǰĵĸѡ쾭ġ
楼Լû˼£ѹְ̫ӵ½ãʵǺ۹Ⱑ
ǲΪЦЦӻ
楰˸ۣ㣬˵ڳôŹŮºͻʺѡ˭
ºͻʺͺáǲ²
һᣬʺЦ£ļҹ밲ƥأ
ʱֻڳλ˹һҲˡԸȢֲΥʵ۵ּ⡣
ѵҪǸˣ
ǰǲܵģ֪αټأ
楿ֿuü۵Ȼֻܰ̾Ϣ氲һǻеϧ
ĬһᣬʵһЦῪʼǰŲ˶ʺ󣬲֪ʺʮģ
ʺ˲ȻЩǶһۣви׼ģ˱ɿŮӵԡ
һ£ʺ󿪿ڵ檡
ŸտڣͻȻһ˴һ»ˣȥѰԴ
ʵǲõüȫˣҲȥ鿴
ʱͻȻһԽϯλǰ£ҲЩ˱£
飬㣿ȫȵĿһˮȻ󿴵˵ϱľƱ
£⡭
ʺ£ʧȥŮã˼ŮУһʱ죬Ŵ˾Ʊˡ
ʵҲ֪ҵ£ѵ˼ͬ飬ӻֵ޷ա
ȴû¡Ҫ
ʵЩɻ󣺡£
¶ɫмҵ鱨ϣԭɢ£¡ǡǷųȴǼ鱨ˣһŹҳսͼһʱţ㲻СĴ˾Ʊ²
Լҳҵ£Ź񣬵ǣСŪôҪĶҲʵʲôС¡
uüͷһֱڷϣô᲻أȷĴˣ
ص£Ա֤ĴˣƬ̲ڸսʱ򣬳ۿˣôͻȻأ
ʱʣҵ鱨ҳͼǼΪҪĶУǻӡӦþ£Щһ
ʵƤ˵ĲǸó顣
ʣ̫ԣЩǱϣô᲻أͼı죬û˷ϵĶ
uܵ˼Ѳ飿ǹôˣѲ飿




264 ֮
 

ǲѲ飬ЩҪ鱨ͻᱻ˴ȥͼ¹ҳΣ֣֮Ĺң˭ܳеأ
uԣ˵ģֻǹ˶࣬ңҲ˻ҽдŴȥ
ɲЦЦֹعֵʣ¹ش󣬻ᡣ
ԭֵᣬַ£ʵ۲Ź֡
ӵĿһɨ̲סԼǰλΪ
˽ʱ򣬻ʵ˽ͳǰԸرոţɽغøϷأκ˳ȥ
ãûһ˵ʵü䣬Ϊ̲飬Ϊγ£
Ҫ˰̲ɽ˼ˡ
룬ɽеǣ¡£м仰һʷ顣
ʵ΢΢ףʾɱ¡
ŶҪ鱨壬Ծɹڵϣ
ɽߵǰ飬ȷ⼸ܱЯˣûмǴգ
ƶϷȷһֱϡ
ɽͷ֪·Щˣ
ûʷʲôطʲôʱܱ˵ģ⣬˼ܡ
һ٣ƺ˼㣬ҡҡͷ⼸ܱһֱ鷿鷿ÿ춼˰أң˭Ҳ֪ܱںδֻڽ֮ǰ˷ϣ˳˹һ·ϵϲͬţǺѼˡڳΪ٣ͬǴ֮ˣ˭͵ܱѲҪͨųд󳼻µġ
ԣ˰ͷ˭ҲԸͨ
ɽ˼Ƭ̣˵⼸ֻܱзһ֪˾͵ҲҪõϢ
һ⻰Ǻ⣬ѲɾϷԵ׽
ɽˣҰ˭˲֪Ϊңҵҵ򲻸һġֻЩܱԵ޹ʶʧʵΡߣϸһ룬·ûʲôֵˡ
ڹͬź̷̹Ůޱˡ
ɽһĨٴʵ·ϳλͬţûϱ𣿡
·̹ŮҲĻǱ㲻ǡ
˵˴ɽʣʷǺʱܱɵأ
ڷš
ɽʵۣʵ۲ԣȫȴᣬԸ˽Ǽ̹Ů
ȫ˰º䣬ûþʹ̹Ů
ǻ֪˺£ȫǵ
һ£̺߹ȥʮֱִĳǵ·浲ţҲؿÿġ
һ̺һر£ūϸѲˣϲûʲôĶ
ȫԸ£ʵۣ£⡭
ʵۻδڣɽͻȻּѲˣźĹˡ
һˡѲ鹬ҲͰˣôҪѲǣѵǻͨ𣿸ο˴Ů졣
ɽأٴε¼Ȩּ
۷׷ף̲סСҪѲǣѵΪļϸ
ɽȻ⻳λֻǴʵ¹ش󣬱ԴΪҵǸϸֻίˡ½֤λ޹ģһλǸ
λˣƽͲ˵³ô¾͸˵ˡҲֻ﷢ɧҷʲô
ڻʵȻܱҪˡ֮Ϊ˴󾰽ɽֻίˡ
ʵ۶ˣǲٱ¶һ˿һõֻѲ顣
ȣȫʾ˵ۺ󣬽󳼺͹뵽⣬Χɽš
Ȼ˼֣Ůȥƫ
ȫЩ׵ʱЩΪѡ
վu磬ͬǴˣҲһȥաûֻ߸԰˵ġ
塣
uЦȴҲվԼǡ
ˣҲһͬ⡣
ʵ۵ĶӶ𽵹ˣӵܣ㲻ԸҲòϡ
ЩѲЩˣֻ·ȻȥѲˡ
֪ǲ䡵ĴЩϸõʱҲ࣬ЩõԤУɵƫˡ
ˣҲȥѲˡ
ãѲˣණѻϣⶼǴЩѳġ
楸ĺɰЩϰߣӰĿԹĿ楡
楲ɵüһЦ
˸ôԶüĿ飬һҪһգһ޵ʱ
ܵͣȴߣˡ̬ȻӣĿǰ
ҧֽǧٱ顣
ɽߵǰÿһ飬һᣬĿ䵽ӽǱߣҷȥĶ
ʱ˶ʲôˣĿⶼϡǿˣһŷ⣬΢΢͹𣬿װ˺üš
˶٣ڴŷ⣬óĶ
ǲµĲȷǼšֻԶдʲô
ֻɽͻȻɫžͿ첽ʵǰЩУ뿴
ȫųʸʵۣʵǺɣȻȻɫҵĿ˼İ𣺡ֱǵ죡
Խ٣ȫǴӺѵģ
ǰر£ǡǴӾߵŮѳġ
һɫ
Ȼ
ƺ׷ʲôһãȻѯʣ˼㵽ʲô
˼Ҳɫֻʣͨһڵأū澡ūʵ֪
ɫʣ˼һֱźڶߣѭ浸أ֪ʲô븸ʾ
ʵ۱ڲУô¸ǷŭʱݣֱӽϵܱϣԼ
ͷֽƮƮ¡һ޹ǼȴԽԽŭ
żţʧʣЩܱ¹عҰΣôȥ͵أ
ʵ͵ģȴŮϣҪνͣ
Щˣԭ⼸žǷ˵ĸ鱨ʹսͼ
ĽݹˣЩܱڴ˼ϣѹֻʵۻŭ
ʣԩģһݺƺҪ޳תͷ£˵仰
ڲأʵɫǵͨ죬ԾӣܱŮѳô˵
ƳһۿϷuǰһʣ֮¡ȻĽݹˣǴ󾰵ƷĺͿ¡
˴еЦƷУʲôƷУŪŮɱСƷ
ͷʣĲģҡ
ʵЦһ㣿ڳλֻ¡
ּŭ񣺡ҵݺңӣӦôǰأ
ʵ۵ÿˣͳ񣡡
ҡίӯڽޡ
ɽ£Ȼ˵ԩģȴͲܱΪλŮϣΪӦϼλ˼ˡ
£ūԩūΪλܱūĲ֪˼ŵū澾ľźôŸ鷳һݺū澣ݺ£Բū澣һҪŹ
滨ˣɽΪ󾰲ã֪˽𣬾Ȼݺ
ʵ˶룬ݹأֲż޵󾰲ã˶ûȫ˽ˣ˭ôðôķݺϾͨǴ
һֿܣ֮ݺΪݺȢŻõĽݹ֧֣͵ܱк˵Գûλء
ԣܿǱˣ֮˵ĿǾ
ô˭ɳء
ʵڲžҲuĿζɨӹȥ̫ӣΪأ
uʵ۵ϷɿһĨңͷΪ£ܵӣһǴˣܲΪġ
⻰ƺΪѣʵεؽ;һ֮ǣĲνǾǾڱָʹ
ʵͻȻЦˣŶ㵽ǡ
ΪֳȻǲûǡ
⻰˵˵û˵ԼЦĿ⡣
˼̱ڵϣˮͺˮһɽӸµĿҪʲôͻȻɴ۾ˣˣ
ɽʲô
˼ͻȻˣڹźʱһƵĹŮ߹ūߣū澵·ȥū澵ʱʲôڱѳܱū澾Ͳòˡ




265 ͼԾ һ
 

˭ɽʵ
˼һȦӦþڴ֮ϡ
˶ĸĿȥͻȻָ
˲ѻȸ
Ůվһ𣬽սսһȥͷĺܵ͡
һ̣ͱһק˳ȥһڵϡʹѵʹΪǰֻסˡ
ɽޱȷ
˼ϸ˿صͷ
䣬˴͵һĨ£Ҳˣ˵ȷȥүǰ˾ơ
ŵϵĹŮЦô˵û͵˷ϵܱ
һԭ̱÷ŭʧȥŮͺģھȻΪݺһˮʵ̫ɺޣ
µ⣬ȴǹպޣ˵ʵ
ŮڵأգǺʪ䣬ȴū澡ū澡
˿й
߿ʣŮһǸ͵֣Ϣ͵˷ܱ֪޾Ĳص˼ϣ븸졣
Ҳһԩģ븸졣
ʵû˵ֻɨǣζЦЦ
ãðáһˣƤӵˣŪֶΣǵʹʲôɵӱŪ𣡡
ҡu;̹¡
ҲȻǲ֪Լʲô
楹ȺУĵʵȻڲУ˸⣬һҲɵ֪ϷöŪģѰסˣڲƲסԼ
һ鵽˭ϣôǸ˺ܾܿͷˡڻʵְϻλǰ¡
ʵ۽Ʊϣ˲ӯЦˣҪ𣬺ãǾͲա޵Ҫ˭ʱǿǧҪڡ
顣
ɽ⣺ǣ¡
վǸŮǰɫ˼˵ĿɶԣŸ͵ϵܱǴӺδ֪ܱһµģ˭
ŮԭսսĹڵϣȴ̧ͷ˲ᣬ¶ЦôʣѾ϶ܱ͵𣿡
ɽǳˣ
Ů˵ȴͷһЦȻɫһս͡
ʧɫסҪԾ
˲䣬Žܹȥһס°ͣſ죬Ȼָ
ȻҧһڣֹԾó˶ҩ
֤ʵָʹ͵ܱݺ;




266 ˽ܣ
 

ŮסûԾĻᡣ
ɽʵĻʹ˭
ŮһЦ۾
𣿡ɽٴʵ
ԾûеõӦ
ɽûʣ˵һߡ
¶ʣܾŹˣһҪĻʹס
Ĭãʵƺƣĸˡ
ͷš
ãȫڻʵ۶˵ʲôʵĻӻ֣ȥա
ȫ£ָ˼һͬȥ
ڵ˽ǲԣȴʡãȫ˻ˣ£ūȥ̲澵ݣȥסѲһ
ʵƿƤȫ̳ȥ
˶̧ͷ⾹Ȼһšʵ˵Ŀ£չţȻͻȻЦˡ
¡ȫʰʵ۶ڵϵš
ʵ۳̾һǿ
ȫЩ죬չţڴͣͣȻҪ˿֡
楺;ùȻȿһ̣ͻȻɫ̻Ȼ
۵׵һױгǸܿͻָƽ
Ⱥ˽֪˭죬˳
ԸڵԸΪ֦쳤ؾʱ˺޾ڡ
⾹ȻǼʫȴǲǰΪŮĻָʹš
ֵôԭΪŮ˾ͻҵ֤ݣȴһա
ȭͷֺuuһЦʮơ
ʱʵ۾һЦƵģЦҲˣҲˣҲˣȴôһ˼
ˣŪʱסˣʣһǱ̫֮թ֡ŮѾˣҺ͵Ծ޷ϴԩ󸸻˼£ǲ鲻´ȥ˶ΪҺ͵¾ϲ⣬֮ܲԩ
һֱڿϷuˣ˵Ůˣʲôһһ׿˵ΪƵʱ͵ܱûж԰գ˵ôأǹƾܲġ
ⲻܣҡּŭʧ󺰡
޼ˣС󣬶۸ˣñп˵ܹί
̫ɶˣһ楸u⣬ŮˣĻ̫ˣ߮е֪極ļƻ֪楻澣ȻַԸŮͶۼױǷţôʫأ
ˣһ޲ھʹ楣ھ͵ü˳۵վȺ˭Ҳ벻ϷĲ룡
ŭģ˹Ůһţ˵ʵ˭ָʹôģ
Ůߵڵأ˼סͳ֮ϣʲôñ˿ҵЦ𣡡
Ŀ˳Ľݹûбôԩ޸Ժûþܴ˴裡ĸ׺͸綨Ȼ᲻ίңҪѴ¸ǡ
ˣûʵɫѿ
ڣǴ󾰣ĽݹĽݹôִܲ󾰵ĳѵ㣡
Ȼʵʣ׽鵥ֱʣΪ֮ܲԩһʱ鼱˵˻븸ʿˡһذա
˵ţʹ˸ɫ
ҲʶԼ˵ˣֻܲ鲻Ըϴ
ʵвãҲ̫ƽϣֻǲ䲻ȵȻ޵󾰣Ǵ󾰵ˣŹʵԸ⽫޵Ϊؽ֮ãǽġ
ƶʱȥǡǶһʱʧԣԺҲˣ븸ˡ
ˡʵ۵󰸰ա
һۣ棬мŤͷ
ЩͷۣȢΪ£ƽټòɻƿڼҲٱȸǿˡ
ڿǸˣҲ̫ˣĲ񻰣ԣŰ裬֪һбŮˣüΣźŮС߶࿴ۣͷԸ˰ЩŮˡ
ҲͰˣھȻ˻ʵۡ
֪գ֪᲻Ȣ
ܿ죬ȫŮ˭дģ֪ڹ˽Ǻ




267 һˮ
 

ŮȻ̧ͷɫţȴǲ˵
ȫŮڹ˽ܣҪȱеġ彿ܲס
ҡŮȫϵţҲס½ǡ
ʱɽڵȫɷٿֽ
ȫ̵ݸ
飬ʲô
ɽϸţûпֽգ
⻰Ҳֵȥ¶ȡ
ȫʲô۹ãȷкõֽֽ
ɽͷŹŮȫڵĹҲֽ𣿡
ȫֽôأ
ˣȷǹãôأ
ȻΪȫʶʲô̱졣
˻Ȼ򣬿²ô򵥵ģ顣
ֽһɷ֣پȴֲʧƮݣԷһʱһ֮²ȥŮдʫӣǳԻ׵ӣҹ壬֮빬Ů˽ܵݲһ㡣
Ȼ߹ΪλһŮཻѵǿŮƯ
ߣǺƭȥ͵ܱ
ԽǣԽ㣬ȫʵ۵ɫԽԽѿҲ˰ѺָŹŮǸǴʵΪá
Ů΢ͷ۾ȺɨţӾۼ֮ͣĸࡣ
һᣬҧҧ
ǲǸ˭ˡ
һŮᱻ޶֤;ԩҲû취ϴѡ
ȫЦû뵽ͷ湻Ӳġ
ŮҵһЦū˰ҹǣԹˣһ
˵ȴֲֻ͵ܱһ£ǼĲġ
Ҫסˣ
ʹ˸ɫ
ƲƲ죬͸ߵܹƿ
ȫû취ˣֻʾʵۡ
ſ죬ͻȻ˾ʲô
ѭȫ߹ȥʲô
ǸңֽС̴ӽҵңָŲ
ղôȫõ
С̵ͷǷ󣬲СĴȥˣСˡ
ˣʲôȫ͵ĴϣʵǰҴ򿪣óĶ
ϣȻǱ۵õһֽӱ滹ɿɫּ
ȫƤһֽʱ򣬺ŵˣæʸʵۡ
ʵۿˣΪŭȺдȥ
ֽдǣóɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡ
ǣּּ͹ŮһģһԾͬһдġ
ٿҵĲϺ澫·Ļƣӣĸˡ
Ȼ빬Ů˽ͨݲһ㡣
ȫʵǴӺѳģ
Ǹβһ£ѵĿڣ񡭡ǴӶԶѳġ




268 ָ
 

Լͬģ˵Ŀⶼתϡ
ʱվȺУͦΣΧôˣҲɡ
ƺûӦãȻԭأګګĿȫ
ȫҲĴǣңʮֿĵСүǲģ
䡱΢㣬ͷȷҵġ
һΧ
䡳ˣѲĿŮˣ˵ͻСҪʲôŮûУΪλðպ͹Ů˽ܣ
ƺǲ׷ʲôȫʵСүҲˣžǴóǷš
˵ţֳֽǰ
ɫһ䣬̵ⲻҵġ
ǣȴ
΢գߵʵǰ£ͲʶŮҲδκдʲôʫǷߣ졣
ʱ򣬾ڵʣȻСү鲻ȴҲʶ꣬Сү¹硢䣬ȶԶ֮磬ô֮أбȻᡣ
һ極ĿԽȺ䵽ϣǹһĨ޵Ц
˻δڣȴȼˣ˲֪˼ҲͰˣ楺uѵ׼
uȸ֪ᷢ£ͷңҪ䡿ѡǣȴס֣ҡס
u㵣楡
ûжֻͣǵ㣬䡶˵õģǾա
u죬վͷ
ڷʱ䡾ĪЩõԤУѳʫһķˡ
Ȼ֮˵ȲҪжˡ
˶£Ĳ֪ΪγһĪֽٵüգλл빬Ů᣿Ҳ֪빬ŮͨǺ򲻸֪üЦ
̾Ϣһ˵ЩȻҲΪƾ֤˭Ҳ޷ֱȻֻм֮Ե㲻˽⣬ŻùõĶӾƷ°ܻ֮ˣֻϣܾҵ֤֤װա
ȻתӹŮɫưСүһϡ˵ʵСүһȡ
ڴӱлˣԭΪҪˣû뵽··תȻѳʫұʼֽŮһģһ
ʼţһжǾ߻ģŮҲǾˣضָ䡣
ʵȫ»ʵ۷ŭŭָŹŮ
ϵת㣬Ů̧ͷ䡣ƺһһ˲͵ͷȥ
ȫ䡣ɿˣ
Ůֽգβū澡ū澡ūûмСү
ıڱ˿˵ѣѵǲǣ䡣Դһ˳е
£ȫʣֽϵʫνͣ˭дģ
ū澡ū澲˵Ů£ȴҧС
Ů˽ͨͲҪˣ㲻Ը˵ôֻܰչ洦á˵ֲ֪֪֮£Ҳ֪ǻԸԸŮ
ŮȻ̧ͷ̣һʱϣ˴ҵļ޹ء
Ȼ֪޹أļҲᱻֻۣǸеˡŮʵǶۡ
ŮϵıĪ⣬Ĭһᣬƺ뵽˵в˺ĵūԸϡ
ȫüԸ˵ʵˣ
ŮתΪߺޣֲһƾʲôֻһˣҲҪһ
˵
ŮЦ䣬̧ȥָǰСү䡡
ֱһɺԣȻ
Ƴһ۾۵һĨš




269 ݺ
 

ȦףƵȦף
užô˵
ЦЦĿһۣɵ磬֪СүĽѾãȻǲܴܽ£ҲСүˡֻ֤֤ڣҪΪСүﲻô׵ġ
uȱŸ䡶Ӵ˼ѳǼܱ£ڻûһĽͣ͹ɻδϴء
ˣҲԸϣֱΪֹͬСүҲΪֱ֤˰޹ءͬļˣ磬ɲҪ˱˰
uһһܷľǡ壬䡱ضǱơ
˵ţ̧ͷʵۣʣȻŮָСүҲֻһ֮ʣνּͬʫʵҲѣֻҪҸģ±ʼд¾ͺˣίʵ㲻öƾ֤Ů˵þָʹݺСү
֮νֽСүѲɣԼ˳ɽȥģ
ǰȻʼģ£Ҫֽؽ䡵Ҿˣźˡ
ѻȸĿкŵ⣬΢΢̧°б楣uɫ̼ȴΪ䡱⣬u¶պޣžƺҪ˵ڵģ
Ψ楣̹ȻȻһֱϲŭɫԾȻΪڹ򶨡
䡶һıʵǲ֪飬ûףȴԾɱƽ£ʫǹŮָϣ֪ٿĪ硣ǳҪ˵ǱԩģʶŮҲ֪ôνʫԲѵ˵һ䣬㳼ǵŮӣҲŵ൱ׯĹ㣬ᣬҲϲ޴֮ˣôðűֵķһ΢ĹŮͨǴȥҲš
һ䣬Ůʧ󺰣˶˵Сү䣬ҼҷСүҵСү㲻ʱټÿι磬Сү˵ϲңҵͱųʱңðŷ㰵дֹһţδⱻ˷֣ҿˡһţдң˳̽ң᲻յ˼գû뾹Ȼ˷ˡһһһά㣬㾹ȻûиңҪܱô㣬ԭҿˡ
Цֱһɺԣݺҡ
Ůۣ߽ӣðŷΪ£㾹ȻҪңǼܱ
ɫѿ㻹뽫ܱһ߸ң
ֻʵʵ˵




270 Ѳ
 

𾪵˵ʲôǶԶָʹû͵ԷܱȻ͵͵ص˼ϣ
Ůҧȷˡ
˼ܡΪҪôԩ޳ΪҪң
һۣ˶ˡ䡻һȦϷˣһЦ˵ˣ·Ϊ˹ƣﵽĿġ
ǣŮΪҪܣȻݣȴϰ㡣󣬱볹顣ʵۣʣռ޵󾰾ͱôһˮί븸ʸһ
ʵ۴ǳ˳ƳƼڿһȺС
ʱȫߵʵԱߣһʵ΢΢ۣͷȥա
ǣ¡ȫǰСүˡСð´Ҫίˡ
䡽ü΢ȫ˵
ȫȻŮڿ˵дģֽϵּһ޶ˣֻүīñºڴһˡ
ѲҵԺӣ˶٣䡵Ѳң
ȫûֱӻشֻǹصүģū澻ԸȥᾪŵϷˡ
ҪѲˡ
䡲Щģŵ̫ˣĿһƳһۡ
ףɫ
ֻܵ㡣
ȫʩһ̳˴ͳڵţҲһȥˡ
˼תͻȻһ£һĨҡ
ǰ죬ȥѰ楣˵˵ЦЦ鰸д̸֣鷨һҪãҲܻģȻǰٵĶֺһޣʱЦҪȥġ
ԭΪ楻ЦŸߣ˭֪ȴͬˣ˳Ļʮ֡ʱȻЩ⣬ȴˣʮϧľã
ȥѲ飬Ȼҵʱһǣ楡
һϰ£ȴ뱣ƽͻȻһ˿
һͷȴǷֳü۵Ц㣬ĨЦʧˣȡ֮һȻĪģһƽ
ôӦá°ա
尾ĵһʱȫڻˡȰݼ˻ʵۣһ֣м̧żϻӽ
£ˡ󣬾ͷԸ˴򿪡
ʵĵͷ
еӺϻӱ򿪣һɫֽһֽ
£ЩǴӶԶѵģĿ
ʵ۴˾ֱӣǰ汻չֽȫϰ鷨ȫ֮ǰʫøʵۣſ
ҲһŵĿЩ֡
ģϳһĨɵЦݡ
ûС
Щ鷨棬û뿴ּ
˵ѩôᱻءţգգ۾ڴ΢Ц۾




271 ƻ
 

ʵȻҲһ㣬˿ϵֽͻȻЦˡ
һƮڵء
ǿúÿʵָžҲǡ
ɫһ䣬ʶ˲ԡ
ȻûУô鷨Ȼûһʫּһ
ôܣƺõġ
ʵۼЦһƳһȫϸѲˣû©֮գ
ȫر£ū澺ȷԶϸѲˣ鷨ˡ˰ȷᣬūûСүԺѵʫһּ
ʵһ˦ӣǶˣ
u˿Ǹʡ
һǶһʱ鼱Сү
Ȼ󣬲źۼĸʹ˸ɫ
ۿҪ䡶ǣҺ;û뵽Ȼзתһϲȥ²ֻܲʲԸĵСү
䡲ΪȻҲˣҲˣŮָֻ֤һ֮ʣҲδѳһʫּͬڣ֪Ƿϴˣ
պޣǿһĨЦݣˣȻԩġ
䡳һЦͻȻ£лҪ˵
ʵ۵˵ա
£ԭǻʺٳûȻ£ǷЯܱ˹Ů͵ԣִŮѳŮָϳ˽ܣָʹ͵ܱҴӳѳνʫҶ˳飬ŻסֵǣȻֽϵʫǳдģô˭ôĽʫصأߣǳģĿŵĽʫϣ±˲ᷢ𣿳Ϊ˹ݺ濴ǽ볼ˮϸϸһ룬ȴ̫ӵ֮顣£֮ˣʵǱ޳ܣֵܣĿ죬ҪСɳ֮
ԣ˶Ĭһᣬ󶼸䡵Ļ
u죺楣һǵһ䡶һ˵ô໰ڱǰ
Цǳ㣬䡶Ǹĺӡ
uһۣǲ֪Ұװĵ
楲ÿɷ񣺡ڲǰȻ𣿡
uǲ⣺ô£
ɢ˵
ֻƾһŮһ֮ʣȷܸκ˶ʵڿ˭ɡ
ԣҲֻܽ˰ɽܿ죬ŮҲˡ
һֳķΧǳƣѡһȻˡ
ȫָ˰е鷨պã˵ǸԸ̧ȥ
ʱһһɣһֽƮ˵ϣ䵽楽¡
üֽһһС֪˭дģ
΢΢ޣ´ʱдġ




272 ɵ֮
 

Ц̫ǫˡ
Ц仨³ƵķΧֺûʵۣǵ£ƣǲǺܺÿ
ʵƳһۣǺܺÿ
極û뵽дһֺ֣ʵ
Ҳܾȣֻ֪楳ţֽᣬñӴ˾ͲˣôᰲϰأһǹĿ࿴ˡ
極۾תһȦЦӯӯ£ſ̫ҪãҲʱ̫ӸչСͻʳ£ʵĽϧ檲̫ôиôµá
楰úЦ˵Ĵ󣬻ϷأԼ׶ӱɱˣήң뾡취ֺûʵۡ
мС֪ʵ۷Ѳңôˣ֤Ǳݺģе²̨Թ˵Ƿûʵʹ͸һЩҸ̨ء
ȻʵЦ̫ʳй־ľչ޵ĳοߣ֮ǰ̫һʬӦ䣬޵ĳ޵˸ýˡ
Ӧģޣ̿֡
ʵ۰ڰ֣˵ййȫ
ȫȻūڡ
ʵƺܺãʹͣܿȥ׼ˡ
ôʹͣǱĲˡʵͻȻʲôƵģ޷ŴӶԶõ鷨ּΪһѲɶԶҲѧŮңϲдС
ƺЩ˼ر£ʵʵϲ飬ҲʲôīûȤնϰֵġǼ֣ҴӽûȥģͿΪûиһ¡
ʵմãԭˡ
˶٣ʵŶԶھҡƮƮɨϼˣ£
䣬˵Ȼέˡ
ʵ۹Ȼʲô֪
ûɵģһǣ¡
ʵϵЦݵЩέȻС붨Զһţ˵ãξзԸԴɲҪ
Ȼϼҽ˱ȨϼھлʵۻǲġͥȻսҲǰ壬ҶïοЩɲǺǳ羴̫ӵңҺϼҽãʵôܷأ
ڲأ˭ģѾ˷ְ֮⣬ֻɵҺϼҡ
ӿһֲǳϽΪЧΪЧԣϽǲ¡·ģز
ô˵˺ϼͬʱ˿»ʵֺҷƢʱҶҪù
ʵ۵ĿȺѲţһЦĶӣ䣬ȻҲ㡣͸䣬ھкúգԺҲ㸸һΪ޷ǡ
½̻塣䡲ס˺
ʵۿǫ̬ȣŵĲЩֵͻСȻ䣬ҪģҪ֪㸸ײս˳ᢣһĲȻĽ̵ϸЩҲΪãԺϲ˵ѡ
ƺ˻ԣڨڨĿһֺۣõЦЦ極һۣž档
˼ˣЦˣ嵭֮ǰĽš
ʵϺЦЦ㣬˸輧
u;˼Żʵۼ硣
ɢɫѾˣŸ߿ϼüȾһĨǳЦ
һ£Ҫһ𣿡
ƺԤϵˣתͷˣҲȣһЦ⻰ҿ췢£ҶǿģŵҲһأ




273 ֮
 

Ц楣ֻҶˣαװͿ壬ȥ
楾ʲôЦЦˣ£⻰˵ĺûұĲźң䵽ڵĵز𣿿ңֻǼƻʧܣҲûŮһ֣֮Ѿʴˡ
ŭЦ楣Ȼƻҵˡ
µĴΪҿɱȲãˡһɷƵҲš
գôǱǣűߣ
㵽ʲô
ʲô̾һƵģαסԼˡ
˱۾ʱЩ鷨ô£ʫϵּ
極ϣ˵գ
˵ţչϸָ۵һŵֽġ
楿۾ȴЦӯӯĴֽ£ǲǾּϤ
Ŀŷǿҵı֮⣬Ȼ楡
ü΢º뾪ȣ㲻ͿҺ䡶ѳ鷨ּһģһأ¶һСдĺÿΪأ
ͣҿ˫ֻ֣дһֺ֣дıơ
楺ЦЦл¿ޡ
˵ҲΪ¸еϧءǵ²ЩƣֱӴֽǰһ״쵹ù˵ˣŶȻ̫ӵҲѲ˸ϵĵ˲ܳ𣿡
һŭЦ˭ֽڸǰ޷ֻһᱳݺ
ѵ𣿵ѵһֱų𣿡
楣ӣк⻹ͣЩ˵ϲ
楣ʱ뽫ڳÿ춼ʲôôô񶾵ļƲߣ
楹ϣʵʵǣβµ˼ģ𣿡
Ƽˣ楣û˸ҰŪڹ֮Уǵһ
Цⲻģ£̫ˡ
楣߮Ϊ£ԣдŸ𣿡ȼ档
΢΢תźΰĵǰҲ֪ᵽС
ԣһж֮УųڸǰΣҸȷһʼͽŽʣѲҵʱҲ㷿ѲЩõʰСǳԵļƲߣôϵ
ҡͷЦ̾һ£㲻һԣô֪أֻ˵̫ˡǺãҲ¡ܲµ룬ûнŽ£ͬģҲܲµ˼ȻĻôܷĴ󵨵ĽЩ鷨ҷأҽ߮һױ顣£ȫ֤ء




274 ͨ
 

楣㡪ʶˣһ⣬Ⱦðûڣ־衣
ããݺһ˦ӡ
۽΢»ʲôҪûУиˡ
˵ţתȥ
ȵȡס
üѯʣ»кָ̣
ضôֻصϣ
֪ʡ
ֻҫ£ͷŮ׻ˣ
˼ǲȷЦ£˵ˣʵ̫ˣŮһֱˣǺôͲһˡ
ˡһЦ㣬ȷҼˣ´Σδػϡ
΢Ц͵¡
Ƴȥ
㣬һӰ˹楡
һعͷ㡣
užԶȥıӰ¶ǣ楣;˵ʲôƺ鲻̫á
楴΢̣ǸһЩʵˡ
ѽԽˣǾͷİһuͬ
㣬㲻Ҫġ
ôܲġu𱸣һĶҪŵˣ׼ҲµġڱƤӵˣŪЩֶΣ浱ǿԱŪģ
ЦЦҲǸŮӰˣ»˭Ҳɲͷϰĺˡ
uЦЦǰµȷỳ㣬ȴǻỳ̫ӵ¡
סu֣Ų⣺ô̫ӵ£
uεֺ˵
תƻ⣬ʵأ
ﱧȥˡuû׷ʡ
ЦˣҲգʱҲˣͥһˡ
uͷ߰ա
˹ţҶǰȣֻҶЩ֣ҪЦЦģ
ЩɣƿӣһǣİӰһ
ҶŴЦ楺һۣ
䡣ֻˣϺһϡ
£Ŀʮ᣺ˣҵá
ϵ壺Ҳڣ͸ҵһ˷ֿôã
ʮŵģºأκ˿
û
ƽʻյ裬ԹԵ˰𣿡
楽ӹյҵνڸżϻǾգϾǸŮûʱԳ
ʧЦҲǸˣû뵽ˣŪһأһˡ
楅˿ڲ裬üۣ˵ˣΪ˽ɣԭǺ£̫հǰ˺ڿҸ߮Ƿʱһ룺ôƻ˵ŮӣôܻԱһкУ塣ԣֻǷдңϧˡ
߮иϢ˵Ұһ֮ͨΪұػ취




275 ټ
 

Ŀ΢ЦȻϣһԷȻʧԣҾ͵߮˵ĻģҶԸļƻд߮ҶԸҲ֪תͷͻὫҵļƻ֪жȻڸȥ
߮ǴӴ˼ѳţʵһմŭ಻Ǳݺģʴ¡߮ΪĻָȻšȻҪǣ楽߮ؽɱĻ˵֪úͲ̵ֶΡ
һ߮ҪԸܱ¶ֻų楡
ô
ǰŮ˺žͽ¸֪ԹŮգ¡
µף۾ƿԣŮ˭ˣ
Цһʼȷ̫ӵˣôҲȷ˭ˡ
һ̾ǰȻ·һ鲼ߣϲλȫͶ̫Ӱգ
ǰΪԼҵӣҲΪԼ·̫ӵǻǹߵˡȻ֪uĽףҲ֪ʵԼС檺뿵йء
ǰڻʵź򣬻ʵҹȥ԰ɢȻźۼĴյˡ
˵ҲĹ͡
Ů󣬽ţ͵˾ǱߣҾһֱڰж
ͬģ楺̫ҲɵΪĸԸϹΪϷ˳µĽȥ楽߮ţתŮСҲ֪ӹŮѳţҲа취Ӧԡ
ƺ֮Уֻֻǲ²⣬Ȼuжˣ͵͵Ƿţͼһ
޳ָһСԣʫ˭дģ
ŮţдġЦ߶Ȼģ±˱ʼԼĸˣû뵽ȻҵıʼŪ֡
ҲǼ֮ˣС£Ǻ׵𣿡
д˵ֻֽҪȻܵϡ
üҵţŽȥİգ
ҲϣȻͲȴҲɵҲǾƵˣԽ˭ܿʫصǣôǲġ
ֹǲȥżң·ܸ˺ö졣
ʧЦʲôʱ򣿡
üչЦʣ񳿣ȥң緹ĸʫһ͸ˡ
һʱȻŵùǺ
極ͷȻлңƽֲ
ҲǴ󵨣֪Ѳ飬Щִ󷽷ڷĿֳ硣
Цһ̫ƻȻСдŸ߮ȻáԣΪһỻıʼȻȥжҵˣͷҽϰʼô
ȻѹԽ̿࣬鷨ҲԽڷܣԭǹյ
΢ЦȻΪһҾͳȫˣҪһ
ԭûѳνʫ԰գֻŮָ䡣˳ȥѲ顣û뵽Щ𣬵Ҳֻ˳Ϸȥˡԭϱֳľ㵲Ϸ𾪺ͻŵ̫ӡ




276 ü
 

Ϊµ極˼ⲻ֪ڹյ
Ц˵ȴǲ֪ʱдһɷ֣
Цݸô»д档
ϣЦζðдһ͸ҡ
۲һᣬĶ
һȣĬơ
楴еţǡ
صģȥĽݹš
楽Ŵ򿪣һĿʮеĿ꣺Ҳǰ취
񵭵һЦ룬󾰵һҲ˸ýʱˡ
uȻ֪ڲֻǾ̫Ҳסˣκ˶ſ͵ۼݱңű˳ϼҵ˼ڲϲ̫ӣֻҲݲˡ
ϼҵҲˣΪҺҸ׵һϵҪңҲóȻ֡ϼҺȻھûбȨɼͼҾͲһˡһĨʵ֧ţĵľǼͼҡ
ҡҡͷ̾һǸǿɵĻʵֻۣҲãϲӲšͼΪϻλ˺ͣȴһδأһԴĵϼŹΪϼڴ󾰵̫󡣡
ͷϾµɫƣ˭ϼǴ󾰵һأκһʵۣòɵϼҰգøţغϼһΪʵҪ֮һֻ
Ϊ䷢˻ʵۺ̫ܣ½°ɱˡ
ЦȾһ㺮˪һԶǵõġѵΪǻʵۣ˵ͲҸ׶ĹȴΪһ֮˽ɱҸסֻǸŮӣûôؽԣ㸸׾Ȫ֮²ͬ⣬ҲҪ߸󾰵Ľɽ
ο͵ۻΪϲɫ˻š
ĬĬס֣ģһлܿġҪǵǣŮδãҪﵽĿģҲǹؼӡ
ϣЦЦţ̫ӶżǿϷͺˡҪˣйؼһƣþ÷ˡ
*
˹֮󣬾Ҳסһ·ӱ޻صһͽ޺ݺ˦һߣŵ㵽鷿˽ƽ
Ƽ鷿²μ
ϣһ£üޣǲƽֻ¸ʻ᳹ҡոڵ˼ֻ»ץסϳңĽ
žɫ￩һ££ᡭ
ƻʧˡݺһ鰸ҾǱˣһ
һͷͿһֽдż֣Ǻʫּһģһ
պ޶ʱӿֽųһӵϣԭһֱ極ȫ




277 ά
 

ͷһֽ£ⲻǡ
̾Ϣϵˣһֻƻĺ꣬ԭΪʤȯգȴļƻ֮С
ɵȥжˡ
֪
ȻΪˣʵ֪η˰ȥﶢšȻҲһ㣬Թּ׾ͻ뾰С
˼ˣԽպޣڹյңһ߽ƺõȦסϴɣ˸ʵʹͣȴǸһ鷳
Ϊģպ޵ģϴСģ˵Ů
ȻܻԱ̫ӣȻҲܱҡ̲ΣɽǸβģǲЩжֻϡ
µ˼ǣɱ
ڣбİ취𣿡
ֹ
Ƴһۣлֱ˵ǡ
һƵ£ʵż
ѯʡ
Ƶ£Ҫˣ˰̫ӵҲˣ̫ŮŮϣȻҲʹ̫ǣС̫Ĵǲðյġ򱻱ץסѱⷢӣ̫ӵĵλҲᶯҡ
˵ô죿ⲽѲɻа취һƵ̫ͷϣ̫ҲģͼһƵͷϣ
̾Ϣһ˵ؼŮֻҪڣ»ɣҲ޷
üͷҿǿǣβ졣
鷿Ҫ£ɫ赭ɢƲ㣬¹
֪鲻ãѵӣ뾰ȥ
ʱ洫ٵ£Ҫ
ʹ˸ɫƴš
һ»߽һ񣺡뿴
ŵģȻһֻŸ룬ʱ۾תš
ȡŸϰŵţӹȥһüͷĸתŵݸơ
䡯£д̫ӵģֻ֡
ѾϹһεˣóȻ⣬һȻ飬ʲô˼ΪҪ̫Ӿ䣿
˼Ƭ̣ʻǴӺδصģ
룺ڶԶⲻԶ
ǰص̫ӵͨţ
ҡҡͷǵһΣҵõ
¡ɫһž
ʶ˲ԣ֪ôЦˣ楰楣ֱˣһĲ˽թǰסͳȥϢǹؼʱ̣ô˲СģǹΪ֮
ǰǹõµסţҵµ˼
˵ţʹ˸ɫ⣬Ÿȥˡ
ɫأ˵極ҪʲôñΪ̫Ӳжֻ̫Ǿ䣿̫ʲôͲŮϺ󣬽̫ǣȥ𣿻˵ͺ̫˶Բߣ
Ƶͷ²
ĿЦһЦǿЦһŮӣȻ²͸˼
˵ţͳǰЦ̣ȴǼ
ţҲĻһŮӡ
Ƶ£Ȳ˼֮ǣȽŮ
Ȼ֪Ǿһܾһ˫۾ڰж·һ
ǽάȡ
ƿžòɫ̾˿
Ž֮վ͹ɽ참Чʡ׼ȷ˵͹Ṵ̊ĳ̶ȡ
̲ϢŮˡ¹شɽҵ飬̽ʵۡ
ûãʵ۾̫Ӿ빬




278 ݺ
 

ֵʢģϣ紵Ȼסȡҹɫĵƻӳӳڹ⻬ĵ棬ӳÿ˵Ӱӡ
ʵ۴һӷͷڣǰһյ裬Եʮʡһ˫۾ȷʵһɨ
ֽţһĺ飬һһ̾ͻᱻʵ̡
̫ȴǹĴͷǡôĸֳɻ
ֹãʵۅ˿ڲ裬ѹ¿ڵʹЦݼڽ:֪ʱǽΪʲô𣿡
̫Ӷһۣͬ:븸ʾ
ʵЦһ:ǲǲ˵أ
һᣬʵ۵:̫ӣ˵
uԥ:Ϊ˹Ů͵ܱһҹٶǷΪŮѾϣ
ʵ۷²յֻաһ죬ڼžĴԵʮͻأ
ǰѾʳˡ
uɽ:Ŷ֪Ůô˵ģ붨ȻʮҪҲʱŸʡ
ʵͼuҳuһȻһΪ˰ǵģ
ʵ΢:̫˵ĲȷʳҪĶ
֪Ļʹ˭uʣȻʳʲô򲻿ñң⣬ͨǴϳͣ
Ȼʵɫϣɽһۣ顣
ǣ¡ɽǰ
Ĵæ壬ͷҲЩҡûвһ࣬һֽóʸʵۡ
ⲻǱģǹʡ
£ŹŮ׿˵˵ѾǩֻѺˡ
ʵۿ˼ȫϽʵһ·ʵȴǰڰ֡
ȫ:£С塭
δ˵꣬ʵۻȻ·ڵءȫ븽·ֻһһֻյ˵ϣķѣűߣ̵Ĳˮʡ
ϢŭȻԤϣȴһһͬ¡
ʵƹߵǰŹʶϣŭúÿһһ޿ˣ
һŹʣٿꡣȻ̧ͷɫңʣŹһǼٵģûݺ󸸻죡
ʵŭڴ:ߣݺֽдװף㻹ݺ㣬ȵڣʵʱ򣬾ָ㣡




279 赶ɱ
 

ֻ˽ںһıˣʧѪɫ
ǰʵ⻰˵ĲŮݺǸŮˡο˶óʱŮݺ䡣ǣ̫ӡ
һ룬̫ӵĶָ֣ʹôġ
ŮˣٿĪ硣
uɫƽ飬Ů̲ΣȷʵûнӴʲô𣿡
֮ҲָʹŮô˵
ɽܻӼĶֻʵʵ˵̫ӵ£صţȥʴ˰ŮһֱڳƤӵ¿ţ͵͵Ӵ
ң̶ʱ䣬ҪʲôСҲ
ɽ⻰Ǹ˻ʵ۱֤֤ĳŮ֮ڣû˱
룬ֵ̲εʱѾŵɫʣҲδ̡
Ҳ˵ˡ
ʵŭ棺㻹ʲôҪ˵Ůңк㣬һһд㻹ΪԼף
Źʣֱ͹𣺡ʣԩҲ֪˺ˣҪݺʣĲô
ʵŭЦãȻˣȥ̲Ǹþʣ
ͷһκˮȥ̧ͷʡ
ν壬ĵ˵ԼΪôҲẦ¶ʡʵ۲
ԭ̾Ƿ£ʵ޷ˡ
̫ӵĿ෴˭ĺһޣֻҪ̫ӵְѾϳȨİˡ
̫ǵ±֪Ժ̽ĵĶӡҲ谮˾ʮķϣһǣû뵽λĴδʹΪ˻취Ӯģûʵû취׶
Σ˽ˣĻǶԸҶԸ̫ӣΪΣΪʲô
ʵţԼ岻ãûоٺʡĵĶˣְλΪ̫Ӻ;˭ˣȴ˭
ڿֶ̫θЩҲգҲ赶ɱһأ˾ա
ʵô룬ͬģ̫Ӻ;Ҳ͸˻ʵ۵˼Բⳡġ
ǾˣĺܳףҪֻ졣
żֻ洫ķӲĵ棬ϥѵۣȴһҲҶΪӵϣʹļͦñֱ
ʹ಻֪˶ãнŲ
Ůˣܵ˾ţԲѡ
ȫԸȡˮõϣ˲侪ѡ
ƿصƤһȦûʵĴϵǸˣһϽ
ȫֽŹʴӾùȥʹŮ׿˵ǩֻѺûдգ
ŮݴŲǡ
Ĺʿģһֲԣ³֪ġ
ԣȻ뵽̲Щ˵̾ߣʧУģ˵ȫģ
֪ݻʲôȫ
ҡ֪Ҳ˵ѣ˵ȫʵȷǾָʹ͵Яܱص˼ϣ˹ݺ;ļ󣬽ִҷСүѳʫָСү˽ָͨСүָʹ͵ܱ֮ˣһͻϴɣӪһܺߵļҲ̫ܳӵºҡ
ֻ˵ѳʫ䡣ҲΪǷţǾ˰зŽȥġ
޲ɱ楣楲ڳҲֻｫʬˡ
ҧгݵֱһɺԣͲ㣡
Ůɫңûм£ҽǢǸˣȴˣңΪ¡ң˭˲֪̫ͷݺԶˣ˾˭
˵ĲǸˣô롣ֻҪ̫Ӻһùϲʮа˾Ŵˡ
ʲôƺҲϴ壬ᵽˡ
ܱڹ˵Լԩġ
ʵЦֱӷԸ˸Ụ̊˱ĳ٣ŮҧžţƶĻָʹǾ
ŮѪֱ˻ȫʣǢ˭
ŮϢ΢ҡҲ֪ÿҼ棬桭




280 Ļʹ
 

ŭ˵ʹǱôʹǱ˵к֤ݣ
ŮҧҧҲ֤ݣ˾ҵġ
ƺץʲô©ϥмŻʵۣʣû֤ݣֻŮһ֮ʣܸڰһУʹҺͶְ˵⡭䣬ʣ죡
ʵ۳uȴǵʣ˵Ĳû֤ݣô׸һ˶أ˵˱Ŀģҹ⣬ʣܲˣôẦء
ʱװˣпԣֻס⣺лΡ
ֻǡuڹȥ磬ıƣ˵ĿĲ򵥣ڹʵ˷Ĳ£»Ҫġ
˵⻰תͷŹŮǸûиʲô𣿡
Ůҡҡͷ˿ûûСŵū³֮ūū澳չ˺ū澵ļˣūŴӦΣյ¡
uĻ֮ˣµǽ
ֻͷٸһλᣬú룬ǸĲߡʲôǣ
Ů۾û˵΢΢ؿڣΪˡ
ȫ㻰أʵʵ𡣡
һᣬŮżѵ۾ʵǲ֪ÿҼ涼ҹ˾ʱ½ʵڿʲô
˵˴סˣն۾һĨͻȻһ¡
˵
һҹĻ棬ʣϵɫܺáȻ棬㱼䣬ҺϿʲôƺƺһ֣ҵʱδϣҲûϸʵ֪Ǹʲô֡
ֻз˴ˣϲŻ̡֣ѲɣĻָʹӷˣǱ빬еģݺôĿʲô
̵ʣ֮ǸӷôԣʵһΣһǸɥĲ֮ˣ˶ûʲô˵ʣѰ
Żʵۻ⿴Ϸһ˵֮пǸӷʱûпϷˡΣɱ˲ˣһǳĿôã
˼ˣŭ棬ˣȥ飬ߣҲǸֵҳ
ôˣҪҵʱĬĬȫ£ܳ󹬣ȥŮס˽²һġ
˲򣬻ʵһǾȽССȫټ鿴ûУٲˣ
ȴʲôuͷбһۣǹһĨ޵Ц⡣




281 Ȧ
 

ҹԽԽˣãȫ߽ڻʵ۶˵ʲô
ʵɫһ
ȫӻ֣㣬ѹһװ˽ˣȫָߵǰ档
ʵ۴Ŵˣ
uҲȥȻϿһ֣ⲻǷ˴
һӷȻڹУݺӣʵ𾪡
ʵзŭļȫʲô֣
ͷɢңֻѩ׵£ȻǸձ˯ġѵġ
˵𣿡Ĭȫֵ
һᣬ̧ͷҽʲô֣֪𣿡
ةȫЦΪһӷĻ뾡취Ǳ빬УضǸ˰գ˵գʵֽʲô
Ц䳰ȴǲ
ȫӷȴ빬Ůݺӣ񼫣Ҫġ
ЦһұǴ֮ͱɱˣٱ𣿡
٣ܸʹuӹȥֻҪ˵ʵ㵽ʲôݣΪҪݺӡѾˣѵЩҪһµ𣿡
µǣͻȻŭһȺĺ֮ˣҵļˣ㡪
ָָĿɭ䣬ƺҺ
˵ʲôuƺ⡣
˹һЦǰ̫ӵû취빬ΪҾҵļˣΪνĸ壬ΪĻλ
˵˵ʲô̲ס
λ⻰˵ˣ»š
ͬʱʶһƣٴ̫ӵ塣
ʲôŮʲôӷuƺõģ͵ļƻȥ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
uɫƽܣżô˵Ҳҳ©ֱԩ
֮ͽĻҲ𣿡
ǲǿţһиʺڣҲԩ㡣
˵꣬ŭľ˵㵽˭ΪӾΪˣ
Цһ̧ϵ֣£˶£ΪЧҵ˰գ
Ȼҵˣѹ֣ѹӷ
𾪵ĪھΪ˱ȫҲΪ£ݺҵұҡǲϣӦˣô
ϸһȻuڵһˣԾҵˣ㲻ˣҲ취һˡֻΪһ




282 ݾ
 

ҵʲôˣuʵҵڳλҵʱһͬˡ
һ:̫ӵ£ôǵأ˵ȥҲͽЦ
uü:ŶҵǺ棬ʲô顣
Ŀɨϵ˵:ҽ£ҵĹܼңӡ
˶ʱȻԭҵĸʱǸøһùģ
ɽ΢΢ü:Ҷˣ
ֱ˵:ʵǣΪգ
ĬһᣬƺڻʲôһЦ:ҵľˡʱ࣬ĸ˫Ϊ궬죬ΪҪͷʱ򣬳ظҿһҸңһڷԡʱҾͷģ׷ǴˣΪĸұҵʱҽѣ̰ʵҲΪӱ޷¾ֻҪɱ˾ΪӱʲôҶԸ⡣
ɽӹȥ:̡
һȻЦЦᶼˡ
ǰ˵ĲΪ˱Ը˱ĵ̡ҲڡҺڵҼƻܣûɱ˾
ŭ:ںһͼӷ֮һ˭ĵӣ
µ:˸ҵӣҶĳһУˣҲڣҺڵǣûֱɱ˾
ԽԽԾɽü:ûǴ֮ԱΪҵ̰۾ֿֻմ뾰ʲôϵ
˵˴Ȼͷžбǿҵĺ⣺ΪҼǱԩģݺӵˣ
Ŷô˵
Ҳ಻ס:飬ĻҲ𣡡㿴ʵۣʣһڹݶӷ˵һУͲ֪飬һָʹݺ󸸻Ŷ
ʵĳֺһ˿ԥǺܿ죬һ˿ԥʧˡ
̽ģҰĲһֱ֪ƽʱװ֪ȻҪְ;ݾף
㲻Ҳ뱻ԶųȨ֮⡣
ʵоɲǾĲ·:α׷꣬ΪǽѣľȴΪԼĿ䵽ôҵľأġı𣿡




283 
 

µĻһ쳹
ΪԼˡ
˼ҵţǱݺݺ˾Ǿ
ʵЩȻϲ˵ﶼףҵǾˣֻǺùҡ
ҵǾ˲δҵǾȥģڰﴧ⣬˵Ƿ̫Ӻֱʡ
ⷬȫ߸ǵ󣬵ҲӺˣΪҪô
ﻢ£֪ʵѾݲˣȴҪԩ
ʣ
죡ʵŭ
Ҫ˵Ļںڵء
ֻһ䣬˵ĻϻǲϣʵƺѾûһ˿һģָµ
òϣuõĴλش뱳ˣ
δһ̣ԹuuǴⲻ·ˡ
u˷ߺ޵Ŀ⣬ܣ㻰أʲô˵ʲôű»ṫС
յĿ죬һᣬҧǣݺҵν̰īֿһֲ߻
Ϊʲôʵ۾Ӹµ
أ˱۾Ϊ˾ǸС˾ˣҲ˵ҴӵĶԹƺ޵JJ˾ЦΪˣӰĿƿһ¡ֻһӣȻJίҵ˰ңҪ游һǿٻӵܣǿƾٿҪƽϣض֣֮ҲΪǵЦĸ游۰СӣȻԸȥܿ࣬ԸִӰ찲ΪϢˣһס
ʵ۶Цֲ游ҪƾΪλ飬ԭˣҲĲգΪҳգù߹٣λӶƷȻȻǽ׵ĳ룡㡭ͰҰմ󾰵ʲôˣѴ󾰵ǵ𣿡
ңͷһ亹֪ˣֻȰ󣬲û˼
۾ϣȻóжƷλףǺôĵӣﻹûʵۣٲȻ޽λøʵ۲Ȼŭİ
ʣʣͣǶ游޴⡣ǶͰ̫˽һֻάǸİһʱͿ˴¡ǶӺͰҶԸʾûв֮ģֻһʱͿ븸
ףⲻС£ѾٷȻڴȻ󲨣ġؼǣǣӣǴȥʼҵ涼ˡ
ԣȻˣǻʵ۲ΪҷѸ£Ҳᴦ̫еĳͷеģѾõĽˡ
ͷשϵӰӣȴʵ۵ĳʹ
ʱu£Ϊ鱨𣬲ݺ𣿡




284 Ͼɱ
 

»δش𣬾:̫ӵ£Ϊԭ򣬻Ϊ֪Ϊҵһ֮˽ңЩһֱĻΣûһ۸ҪγͷңҶˣ̫ӲҪ侮ʯ˰ա
uһ˵ﻰҲһʰˣϾݺܵʹҪĿڹΪϴ
ϴЦֻһȰգҵ±·֤͵ܱݺϵҲϴѵġ
μ㲻ᱻ𷣣ҲǱʵ۳ˣ
ǣѾҪԨ޷ˣ̫ӻҪôҪôʤ׷Ͼɱ
˼ˣŻʵߵ׵:븸𷣡
uüĿһĨ΢Ц
ʵ۳Ƭ̣ҪڣʱЦ:֮ݺֻΪұ𣬻бԵɡ
ԣҲЩˡ
ʲôԭ򣿹Ȼ̫ҪˣһһģҪ
ʵҲͷ:˵ҵҪ㻹˵ʲô춯صĴ£
·һЦ£ڻ֪Ǹʲô˰գ
ɫһ:˵˵ʲô
²żҪҵ¹Ц
㡭
Ⱦֹͣ˴Ц:ݺҪ˽ΪҼӱڹôǲ󾰳Ļʵ۱˵ȴ۳ıУĺսթ˱޳ܣôǸλãԣƴһҲҪĿûü
ͺһ޴͵ҰޣһЩҰ޾һһڽԵڴ·Ҫ˵ڵĻˮޣܿ콫ɣ
һʧ:ʣҪҴûС
£Ϊʲô;ɱ飬ô˰գ´ϵ
ѻȸϢ
¿Ŀƺ:ŲΪ󻼣㻹ҪϾɱúݵģӶ֧㣬ΪЧȴ³֪ΪҪնݳΪΪұ˲£Ҳ֪ܣӽЩ˵˵ȥû뵽գ˳ȥӵĸЩҲһģ˵лҵĹءºľ飬ǲ̫
uô˵ʲô˼׻ʲô飿
ͷЦλ£ΪΣ¿ɲֹһء




285 б
 

㡭еĿֻԽԽ˻Ѿˣ˵ʲô˵ģͳˣ
ѻ˵ʵƳ˾һۣµ
б˾һۣ:£֪գΪλɷѿģбءҼǻ飬ҪǮȻ㣬ټϷÿĹ㹻ðеˡ
һĻӣȻȥ֮ȴЧǰңء˵ׯϣǷÿ궼һʲС롣
ſڴƻƣ˵˵ʲôŭסеĻҡ
ЩʱɶǺҼģҲҼΪıߡ££ЩҲ˵ָƣҲֺ֪ܶ࣬αװͿȥһʼķߺޣԽȻ
ʵɫž£䡣
ʵ۶ھu̫֮ĶһΪƺֻ۱ֻۡǣⲢΪΪ£󳼿ԣᵳӪ˽ҲܣбѾĵߣ
ССҲͰˣȻһֱҪı𣿣
ʵһ:ûУ
ʣԩǲܳϡ
ңĴңѡĵطأҲأȥ飬ᱻ׷𣿱Ͼ²ҵ
ʵͻȻЦһ:ԩ
ʣٵ죬Ҳ£ǸȦףҪӷƭˡ
ʵ۲ÿɷ񣬴:˵Ǻݺ
Ц:ӢĻʵ۱£ʲôʱϺͿˣĶʲôˣ㲻𣿡
ȫԻʵ۲̺ǳ⡣
²ΪȻ:ҶҪˣʲôµģ
ʵ۵Ҳŭֻǵ:֤أ
µ:ȥȥһͺˡ
ݣuɻ
ⲢǾķء
µ:ϼңھµķذбױ˷˵˻ǶԾľ¶뵽ˣһŲ̽䡣£˵ĶԲԣ
Ǹ޲ھһɱu
Ϊ˶ˣܲᱩ¶ŰнһУȴʱŻʵλǻΪۡ
û뵽˱uˣȫг
ҿ϶ҵһţµΪuָʹ
ǣ֪Ҳ޼£
ʱʵ۴:ˣǸȥݲһ飡




286 
 

˵仰ʵ˾һۣصǰ:ھʱͲҪˡ
Ľˡ
ܱȹصҪá
֪ѳɶ֣޿ɸģߵ׵:л
ôȻҪؽ̲ˡ
ʱѾ죬ҹɫԽԽڣʵ۰ڰ:ɢ˰ա
˵ţת˴Ŀͻʵ۳ȥŻ߳
uں棬ʲôվû˵ǡڴʱͣס˽Ų⣬ƺڵǡ׼ȷ˵Ӧǵu
ʩһ:磬ȸˡ
uļ:ȥա˶٣Цˣԭ츸ҪΪѡģ£ֵ
ϰ⣬:ҵʲôʱԣµ鲻á
˵ţ۾:ˡ
ۿŰıӰʧҹɫУǰмһЦżҧг:˵ģҲò㣬硣
uһЦ˵ﻰֶҲضáû뵽㾹ȻǼˣҲòĴ󵨡
˵ȻǱб
зŭЦԽѵû̫֮λжɾ
uǣЦݵھơ
ϧ˷ܵһıѹܿɲҪңעˣڻʼңпᡣҲ֣ʱľˡ
ѹŭ:Ϊܳ׳𣿡
ҵʱ֪Ľݹܲ˼Ҹհѹ޹ͷ㡣ԺɢүգٻҲʧΪһȤ
ֻǳһЦɢүٻΪΪˣ˵ףܻţҲuϣֻҪлᣬuǻɱġ
Ȼ֪ô
ǰУӮ𣿡ǰһз羰ûںڰУһ˫۾֪ˣһ㡣ǲݵ˵ϻλġ˵ڶŮ˫ȫͻݵӺ޵ңһ˲Ҳܺ𣿷ĵǸλû᲻飬ƴһҵġһ룬罫ĴɱҺöˡ
˵꣬ͿuɫһӳһЦȥԶҲˣѺظˡ
uԭվò뿪
סģճ͢󳼶֪ˣСΧ
極֮У͵Ⱦһжˡ
ţ䵽زģҲԴС




287 һͿ
 

Ҷϲ:ڳ޷𣿡
楿ͭ·ϵӣһĨЦڴ:濴˰ա
ĻӰѲ֤𣿡
ҲᣬҲᡣϾҲɵӣ˵ᰵӳϢݣ֤ݡ
Σбͼıϴˣ̫ӻᰲźһУû֤ҲҪ֤ݣΪ˳ҲԴŲɣؾҲ֪ûν
룬Ҷֵ:ǸŮδأ
ЦЦ:ȻǰմɷˣΪôʣ
ҶЩɻ:̫ӵ𣬽̣Ȼû̫𣿡
ʲôͷЦݽ:ʲôʱ˵̫ӵˣ
̫ӵˣѵǹˣߣǳ°ŵˣ
գգ۾:ˣˡ
ҶԽ:֪ūûһֱա
ʲôЦ:˵ľʵȷµˡ
Ҳص׵ĹصķߣΧס
渲˪ֱȥ鷿ȻȥЪϢ鷿ȵڡ
Ķæӭȥ:£
ûпһۣ߽ȥ鰸һֻƿҵ˵ϣһ˫۾졣Ⲣŭֽҹȥǽڷһ졣
ƸҪȰ˵һź
ţߵ˲żǰ棬ȫҵϡ飬鷿ﴫһ졣ãֱûŵĵطͣ¡
ˣƻʲô׵أ͵ۿҲҿˡ
ͷŷ۾һ:ˣһͿأ
¡
ҲţҾȻuһŮŭЦǱ·
С:׷¡
䣬Цֱĺܺ:ģȻŵģҲʮָл
²ҵƵҲ٣ǲǻ׼ټ½Ӻ½ӵ֧֣ĽݹǱߡ
һ:ѲĽݹᷢ󾰣Ҷλ츸ûз˷ҵľλûдңѾǿĽݹˡ
Ʋٶ˵ʵ:ǸŮָ˵𣿡
ŭͷǰĵ߱ĻʹңѶƹ˵ɶǣ˻ţĻ˾ˡ
ң
µһһи֪ơ
Ҹҿ϶빬һ̫
Ƶ:ǸŮô£Ĳ֪̫Ĳ߻𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻݺһҧˡ




288 ɥ֮Ȯ
 

ǸŮϳ̫ӣʲôѱ̫Сǿƽ飬ɫްǣ֮ǰϸĳļοģ˵ҵҧ̫ӣûС
ƳĬţԵ:Ѳ̫ӵİţļҲǼٵģ
Цһô˵ֵµжûã¶
Ƶ˼ǡ
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һȷܣ̫˼ܣ¶зԴͷβֻ³档ֲãֲ֮£ǸŮֻҧ²š
ռˣͷǽƻ̫Խˮ©òסѱҲΪʦڰ
ƿ˿յŴߵǰѹ£ˣûжʱˣЩգ̫ݲġ
Һúޣһ㺮˪ʵǲġ
оںǱuͻʵ۱Ƶ
uڣһڿЦգһ뵽uŭ޷
Ƶ£ҪҪһ
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ǰѾؽˡ
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˵˴ţ£ҪķԸſˡ
ЩͷۣͷԼְգ鷿
ǡ˳ɵӦ
Ƽɫÿ£ʱ½Ӽ棿
һֱܵͨ⣬ԾߣǿԵġǣɲɥ֮ȮһߣҪı£ȡԼҪһС
հգھȥϢڳСЩҪ˷֡
Ӧˣˡ
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½дٲȻѾ˵ҹʱֱ㵽½۵ķ䡣
磬Ľˣ㻹ҪҪΰ




289 
 

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˼ˣҧҧȻ޷ͷҲֻܸһˡ
˶ֵȻĽа취͵͵գ磬Ϣ
䣬£½ۻͷ
ӣšĸŽ½ۣˡ
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½۱ܿҪŵ֣ŷϷȼˡܿ죬һűֽͱһɣֻʣ»ҽ
鵭Į˵ȥµȻӦǡ
Ŷ½дף²
½ֵˣΪйͬάֱƽã½̫ƻһֱڷԹⲻϵݣ˵д˲ɸ֮¡
½۹֪ˣȻȥЪŰɣջҪǡ
½дѹеĲ죬Ǻðա
˵ţվŶ
½ۿűϣһᣬ½дԶҲˣĸ
ӡֵ½ߡ
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ôͻȻͨϢˣ
ɻȴҶʣӦǡʧҹɫС
½ſڣ޳ͦεӰڵϣһ̧ͷͿԿϵ¡
ɫϵĻƣǾԵʣѾЩˡȴ䱦һ㣬СĽŵһֻ䣬ΪͿȥǰ楻ߵʱ
˷ǡ
ſŵС˴ŵȰЪϢҲ˵ʲôͻȻֻͷƵģ˵˻һ𣿡
С˾㵣ʶ½ʶȤûдš
½ȴǶ³̾תȥǰ




290 ܿ
 

½Һ߳һصλƳ˳ţֱǽ
ɽǰʱֲͨ·Ӿװοģڵˣ½ۺ½дӭȥ½۶˵ʲô
½д˴˵Ļ·ա
λ
Ŷطʮأǰ½ۺ½д߹հƣ˰ʱһǰͣˡ
λӣǴ˴ˡһ
½۴һɫҶֱͦΣüĿʣȴɫĮ飬˲ֱӡ
ף˷䡣
Žȥһڰ֮Уﾲֻŵ̴Ϣ֪ղϲȼ㣬ձ㰴ϲҲȼ㡣էһŵЩ̫Ӧ
ϰ˺ڰ˽»˵ʱͻȻһǰ洫˴ɲˣҪùˣҵ̴㣬ȥȥùζ½Ӳգ
½۷ӣȻᡣ
仰һ˵꣬һϸСһȼ˺ڰӡ
תͷŹԴ㿴ʵ޻İµľڽ䣬Ǹ䣬һѷ죬滹һ䷿Ǵġ
½ۺ½дһۣǰ񣺡¡
𣬿Цһʱ򣬾ͲҪЩˣߣǱĶӣʲôء
ƽĶִۣĵȷЩң½ۿûǸ鰲ο½Ҳóο˵ˡ
½дȿڵ´ҺʹʲôҪԸģ
Ը̸ϣӦǶλա̾˿̧̧֣ա
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½۽ӹݹĲյʲô⣿
ûֱӻشŵĸ˸ӣ׷ң½Ҿͳҳӣ½Ӳ𣿡
ʲôҳӣǳܿܰˣߣҲ½ң𣿡½ɫƽʮǡ
һЦҾϲֱԲ䡣ģҪǸˣһġȻǳУȻҪҲֻһˡĴڰһжüġ
Ϊ½۰Ϊ½ǰ;˳õ楡
½۹ǣֻҪص߾ͺãҲں
һЦá
½۵ҼȻ˵׷£Ͳᷴڣʲôƻ˵




291 ;ż
 

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˺ôã֪ıǾ׷ˣҲġ
½ϲΧһвţ½۸͸¶һ㲻Ը֧־뷨һɥڴˡ½ԽǱֵÿ½ǰ;ԽǱֳ極ϲŸġУŻ½ۡ
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棬Ц楿Ǹǿˣҽƻֻ޷ƿΪѡһĹΪޡ
½ȴܼᶨͷ£ΣΨһӣҲί
һ̾һҲգԼŰա
л³ȫ½۵ʵ¿ӳǵģֻҪ˾޷ģвٲ
֪˼ԸѡһأҲԸƴһƴһɹĿܡңңʱʧˣһµҲ顣
ôЩģǱӣ½۵֮С
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˶٣ǲ֪ΰŵģľɲںδ
ʱ뿪
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磬ûзַڶǣ¿˿
½ԥ£
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˳ɫ˲ˡ
磬ħˡ䣬ȥգȻȥˣҿƲסԼ˫֣ˣ




292 Ը
 

½۷ȥ½Ҳûпһֱۣȥ
½дˣ߿̣˶ţߵӵʲôǣ
һæǡСȥ
Ӱ½д½ǼеģЦ
½ۣҲãŮʱҶ㶯ֵʱҲ˼ʲôˣֵ֮飬׵׵Ķˣ
ţת
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һᣬ񣺡¡
һ½ۣԾɷᣬĿĵĿһۣ⣬½Ӳض񡣡
ü۵Ц½Ҳݷ𣿡
òٴμЦ½һ㱡̼عǣû뵽͵¡
£ô̫ԽֻһɫϵһɫȹӺȹɫСԵʮˡȣᱡ極·Ϻõɣֵ͵΢紵ƮԵʮƮݣͨŵһ㣬עĿԱһµ˽ʱɫڣվһʮƥ䡣һЦƺз羰Ȼʧɫˡ
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û˵Ȼϲ½ۣ極Ļ
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楿żɽ½Ӳż
½⣬һᣬֵǡ
Цףͷ½ˡ
½ϣƺԳⶼĸԸҡǷġ
Ƶûм˵ȥ
楳ǣҪԸ½ˣ𣿡
Ը롣½۵ⶼӦõġ
˵ʵҾڵ½еֻϧǰܵĿ඼˴ģ޷




293 ǽ
 

ţ極½׾ͺá
½ۿĿ⸴ӣѹƵ㺡Ѿ֣Ȼٹ˼ô࣬ԹĴСȻó½۶極˼Ȼ֪ڶ½ֻҪᷳ½۳ǰﻹǳζģ޲̴ߣ
Ҳ֪楲ǱȦĽ˿ȸֻܿסԽԽĶռĬס֡
楴ƳһۣΪΡ
½ʵҲҶ˵žĻʲô²⡣㽫ƵľҪ𣿡
̧ͷͷ֦ҶïĹľͶ֦Ҷķ϶ɸ˳ķϣһ˫١
ҲϣЦ̾һǰҾҪƵǽֻ췴һ·ߡ
ǷޣȻҪ빲ˣʱһʰҲΪô౻ĥ޹СǱˡ
ʲôܷԸұǡ½ԥһᣬɬΣҲƭˣҡҵ֪ģҪȡҵֱ練ơ
ˮ΢ȴǲɫȻӺȻӵģ˴˶ʵʣ𣿡
½һһЦһԼǡ£ҲǵóԸˡ̫Ǳߡ
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楣ǹϷ½дƼΪĳ極޿ɾҩĵزô½дֻᶨԵľġ
Ȼ㡣
½ۼ㲻ᣬҲò뿪֪Ժûлû࿴ֻۣûʸ񡭡
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뵽ǰھǣ׷½ܵ£ȷüʣðգڲؾڣߵҪ޵Ҳ
˼ˣ極ֽЩ
Ҫȥδ˵һ
룬極ȥ̫Ӹգ˵ҲûмǸСˡ
֪ĿģҲһȥҪ̫ԶһЩ
ʧЦ֪ġÿζô˵Æ¡
سԺ󣬽͵̫ӸԶֱˣһ·ͨ裬ȥ˺ľӡ
楹ϢuüڶŪͥuһۣȥӭ楡




294 
 

uȥuһ
uתȥֵ̧ض񡣡
䣬ܹˣקס極°ڣЦü䣬Ľšĸ
˱ͷֳˡ
¶һЦҲ˵ء
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楰һǣЦеУuų˼ҹ˰Ȼһߣһ¸
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вΪ⣬ǰڹϲǸռ𣿡
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ûн⻰uࡣ
𣿡uĿ죬ҵûз֡
極չ̫࣬иϴСС£ȲС
uĶͷ㻹˼˵ĻûУҪ棬ǿĹˣӦöѧһѧô£޵ҪģãŪһ㣬ЦʱҲҪŶ˵ġ
̾㣬֪ˣһȥѧòã
⻹࣬ϵģҿҪġ
˵˵ЦЦuȴﲻˡ
ڻ֪uѾ極˼ˣԱΪu˵ģû뵽u˵ģĿľ楻ǳǸ˼
ֻòģӰѳжд̡
u̾ϢֵĴ楣ôȥδˣ
ȻţòĿԼһ·΢Ц£ȥһ˳ȥĸ㡣
uüȥģ
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ǣЩ޴롣
uεЦЦǣˣȻҪ۵ġ
ǰǲҷģǽu楶ڣίĸ۸ҡ
uӸ죺״Ҳûã˵Ծǲԡ
ԹԱ죬˵楻ĸ
Цĸﲻѽ
죬ںڵĴ۾u
uЦҡͷ
װίûãܵһȥˣߣǶ۸ңҪǳԡ
uʹ˸ɫһŮ׷ȥˡ
ߺһᣬ極ű̫ӵ²ڹ̼𣿡




295 ټ
 

uмֳࣺʵܶԭͲδò׻ָЩڻʺ¶ûᷢĴ£ҲˣּˡȻڹűµģ»ԲѣòһᣬȴҺĵ̼ĵܲҿֻּܻȥˡߣÿ춼ҪҼҵȷʱ˼ɲҲ׵ǣΪαĵܶ
˵˴̾ϢҼãܶ´òܣǿлиطһûȫգֻŵȸˣҲΪѣҲЦǸʵ塭治֪Ǻˡ
⻰˵Ŀð֪ĻΪжТ˳أⲻ֪Żʵľˡ
һȨͲ£ֻߴu̫ӣ뵱ʵۣȨԼУᵽϵȨĺôҲ˳д󳼶ԼôٽȨٽڻʵأ
ҪģǻʵۿЩݱֻ˳ļλͿԴþǡ
֪ȴĲ𴩡һЦ·ģӣܿͻȬġ
Ը˰աu
ƺͻȻ뵽ʲô極Ĵǰȫ˰գ
u뵽ڱĽľͼıˣǳ׶Ͼλϣ뾰ôãڿ䵽Ҿأuĺá
̲ס𴽽ǣĽһ壬ȻûɵģֻеС˱ĥΣա
״û뵽ôĴ»᲻ô̫ı棬λʵۿǴ˶ء
uЦ䣺ǹ˼ĽݹҲãҲء
û˵ȥȴȫȻס
ֻ췴һ·ߣȴҲu뿴ġѻʵ۵ߵϰ˳֪ľصȾ췴ʧܣͿԽϴ͢ȫԼˡ
ܿͿԵǻҪĶġ
ȴǲԸһǻ¾ͻʩС
ֻûнӻĬĬuȻأȴ˭ѣǻʵۣȻĳġŽ컹δͻȻˣټ˸λ󳼣Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ûнȴܼʱյʵ۵Ϣuڹﰲ˲֣ԣʵ۵ˣ
ţĿһ䣬ͷȥ




296 Υ
 

̾Ϣ£ټ󳼣Ĳ֪˵Щʲô𣿡
uһЦ˵ʲô㲻Ҳµֻû뵽ĴôˣҶԴʲôôѵΪסǸסɽ𣿡
楴۾ֻҪЩĴ󳼶ԱĹ󾰽ɽصסġ¿ȥһʣδеϲȨƣеġ
uһ֣ˣֻҪͻλմһĹϵͲ󡣡
Цϣʱ²ڡ
uһߺͥһ˵ȴȻ̫uӲ£ڼںԺһĸ
極¹Ȼ¶˾ģһжûкڵˡ
ҲڣҲԼʧܡuͷ̾ҲȲѣǾͱ²ƣΪˊuĸˣҲ뾡ж
˵Ļǹûʡ
楳˳ǣôҾǰףص³ɹˡ
ʱлԭǻʵټu
uһ·ֿ˿ͥ߳˺ľӡ
uվڴǰuıӰʧڴţڻʵ楣ң׷ʲô£ʲô
ЦݼڽʲôȻΪλıˡ
楡u˫޵ӣ૳
µҲܼuˡʵһʱ䣬Ϊβҵ̫Ӹ㣿
uüΪá
ЦЦΪ̫ӵ𣿡
uЩΣϾuɷɷԼ˲ܼ˵˼ҲЩΡ
ûֱӻش𣬱ܿ極Ŀ⣺ͳҪˣ룬ҲΥ֮¡
極һЦ㲻𣿡
uεЦЦʲôƯǹѩ
Ũ۽Ůһ˶ԱŮӲе˼һֵľǸŮӣ޳ܣˡٺõĽãҲΪ˷Ŀɳ𡣡
uЦ˭Ҫô룬ǾǱˡ˼ܲסԼȴҪֵŮͷϡŮŮӣΪʰˡ
ݸôΪ
ǵȻuͷãҸñģû˼»鷳ҵĴ
㡭楱סá




297 뿪
 

uָĶͷЦЦôã㻹ң֪˵գ㻹ʲôٵ¡
ҡ֣㡭
̫ӵµҪʲô
楼ɫ棬ֻʵʵ˵㣬ʵ̫ڵĴá
uɣ⻰ô˵
ЦЦΪ̫ӳͿԸⲻֻ֪̫ӽȡʤѣʺ췢£̫׼챻Ľľ̫ˣһᱻϵ̫֮λɱµ˼뽫̫Ӻ;һ
uЦݣ쳣㵣һҪְ
̾ǰ̫Ӻ;һĻĺЩѾ˱µĵߣȨ֮󣬱»ǾðǸλáһ㣬֪̫Ҳ֪ŻἱŶ֡
uţ¿ȷΧˣѹҪ߱
極ͷǰ⾩Ҫˡ
uδĿľȻϣôܡô
ɫƽȲѣҪΪȨ㲻֪֮Ҫϵ̫ӣְΪ֮ǰ̫ѾˣҵǱ·ˡ򣬱ôһ̳أձڵ壬Ҫµļ̳ˣˡ
ǰ
極ãɵð𣿼룬Ҳܾܾ
uü̫Ӷ顣
һЦ̫ӶԾɱģοĸĵܵܣȻû̫˼Ĵڣ̫˵һ
uðû˵˿˯ͥ浣ǣڻô죿
ߵǰԸһ𣿻̫𣿡
uЦԽԽǳ಻ǰһңǿˣʼӶô顣˵ڷ˼ҾˣԸ뿪ǡȻ濴񣬿ȴԽԽ£һϻʺλãҲûʲôýֻǣȴҲʵʱЩ˵ףѡ
ԣ楾óϡû뵽uȻԸ뿪u
ҲãҲ취Ȱ˵ˡ
ָuֱϣ㣬һ˻úõġ
uͷֹ
ЦҪʲô
uȻһ̾㳤ˣԽԽԼ⣬ҲԽ󵨡Ҳ֪Ҫʲô֮һСġ
΢ЦȻһСĵġ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת۰¹ȥǻʵ۵ĲûκκתţܶΪʵ۾Ҫݱˡ
uҲһ죬Ȼûгײǰʵ۱š




298 
 

ʱϷңĮҲ󾰡
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Ц̾һԭ
ȷң˭ע⵽أˣͿжˡ
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ΪָֻүõġָǿϷͺˡ
׽ס֣ܵγˮ楣ǺܻܿĽݹˡ
楴׼ˣ
ͷǰܵ˸׵ţҲЩǽá
楹ǣÿɷ
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˵ţתţΪԼһյ裬ʮš
ָϣü΢壺楣ϣʲô²ҪңҲϣ֮ʲôᡣ
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ԽԻȴǲٶ˵ˡ
㣬˴̵Ĳˮô£Ѿ֪˰գ
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۴£ܿ죬ҲھǴķз̫һϢͲµǾֱʣʵۡʵڲأϢǵݵݶ³һѪ˰ղһ¾ټڴ󳼡
ʵҲûʲôģľѡȥƽѣȥ˻ǾӦϼʾƽѡ
ʵۺò״ϼջرȨôԸ⻹ȥأǼǧˣҲ᲻ãûа취ҲҲϼҸʵѡˡ
ʵҲüȥڱվȨٷżгǣû֣ɲ
ϼôƺȼͼҸһ㡣ϼҼλӶȥƽҡ
Ȩһʵּ
Ϊд·ʵ۵Ĳûжȥ
ʱ̫ҪǻĻϲ֮Уûзֹ΢ı仯




299 ʺм
 

⼸գʵټλ󳼣岻ãԾûе顣
ÿ̫Ȱע壬⣬ֻ˵̫ȥ̫̼ʵȻǾܾġһʼu⣬ڻʵ߰ߣֵǣȴʲʵۺЩ˵ʲô
ԭһоգͻȻʲôƿأʹЩĻţƫƫʵ̼˸˾֮ģܾûʵۺͰԸļƻ
ʵϣûаʵҲҪֻϧ˰һвҪġ
⼸գʹܶ󳼻߻׹ûãִϢʺҲˡ
ԣҲ̽ʺ󣬵ʺûȫӼΪ̫࣬ʵǷʤˣȥǵȥ
̫˵֮ձϴһˡǡãڹſuϻã˱һȥ칬
˵極Щûкϻüˣէһɫࡣ
楼ɫ࣬ϵһɫȹһƬƬᣬ̬ȣϴһ֧ӣ¼ŷɫ飬ʩ죬ѩһһͶ˵ׯ
ȥѾ޹ֺˣһʧȥһӡ
楸еοЦ貣Ѿͨˡ
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Ҿͷˡԥ£ܼϷѾŸ࿴ˡ
ϻЦ΢ͣ˲ָӦõġѾ룬ӴлŮ޸ɣܼҳĸȢҲΪܼ롣
楼ϲû֮⣬мȻҲЦ˵Ĳ
˵˴뵽ʲôüһЦ
u˵ĶԻȻΪͻȻЦ
ȻΪ䡸ˡ
ôţȴЦݵͻȻ䡶
uȤ䡶ôˣ
֪䡶һ羴϶ӣ˵϶Ҫȥƽѣÿ쵽ﳤ̾źԼȥϴء
u̿ǸСӣսǿȥ𣬲ھд˶೤ʱ䣬ѧ˼ȥս
極ͷҲ˵ģȴίͰͣƲΪ˺ֻ˵ĸ˵ûлĺóԡ
ͻȻԼ֣ϻһ漴һЦСүޡ
楰ҡͷϻø֪и͵͵ϲ
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300 һ
 

楻ûüʲôоͻعͷͣס˽ŲЦǰ
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Цƺһشˮټ֪𣿡
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ЦЦ˵׼˵̸ֻء
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ûлش𣬸ֶҪȥ칬
ǡ
еͷպãϵķҲˣһڹУȫ
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ʺǵĸ̫Ϊϱǰ̼ʺûоܾĵˣʺϵϻǻʺ谮ֶŮȻҲټˡ
ŮȥͨûһͳˣĽʵ߽˻ʺ޹
ɫɴʺɹŮźųҩɫԲ԰ࡣ
ţֻһ϶м˿΢紵ᴵ޹ҩζϵĹŵպҲػζ
˸ʺ񣬻ʺ¶һĨЦ:գض񡣡
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ĸˡ
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301 
 

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ŮټʺЩҲ˵⻰ȤǵûʺЦɫȷŸЩ
˼ˣҲˡ
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ʲôˣȻôʺ޹
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䣬Ͼʹһ󾪺ĵĦ
ĿãͿԲµĹǣȻŵû겻塣
Ȼҵ˭Ҫʲô
һЦȰǶʵʵģܻȻͲҪҵˡ
㡭Ǽֱǵ죬컯֮£ȻҶԹټŮǡǸϽǳ
ӹһЦЦ񣬡Ǿ͸ڳΪٵɷͷһ㣬Ǿܻȥˡ
ԣ˲׹
ֲýô̽ʺ󣬹ȻƲ뽫ǾۼһʣвЩԱ
Ѿ
ţӱһȺװĻ˽һ࣬Ŀȴޱſڿ֮
ͷ֮˻ӻ֣ˣǣرûʺ̫˶٣ЦЦƳ˰һԵһۣŶӿȷԸˣҪɲܽˡ
˵ǡ
ͷִͷβɨһۡǳĴѣҲǣòоǵһ˵ͷҲ᲻˿һͷġ
˵ţȺЦ
u¶ɫǷ
ͷЦݣһغǣ̫һ̫գ
ѻ˵uɫţ浽ôˣǵҪʲô
̫żܿǾͻ֪ˡ
˵ţŽȥ໤ԶߣĶǡ
ʺĿȺҵĻ˶
uæ߹ȥļΪ˳ĸżҪ
µ񣬻ʺʲô׵ءŭҿҲҪˣ
ĸ󡭡
վȴǳƽǾ




302 ʱϵ
 

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ûлشֻЦݼڽ
ʺ˼һᣬ˲׹һЦǰôԴУһҰĲĽ췴𣿡
˵꣬־ҿ˼Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
u𾪣ǵǣں֪uΪﻹuʵǺ̫һϵˣu£Ҳܲ
ˣͥһŹǡؼʱ̣вu
סu֣㲻صģ뵽ģ̫ӵҲһԤϵˡ
uɫףһ˵ϵᷢ£
極ͷҲգܸˡ
u˿ͥܶһҾͰˡȻܵʿڸô죿
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ЦһǲҪ˼ĺãֻҪʵʵµģ˵°뱲ӻܼٻ˵Ǻðʱ򣬻˱㡣
һӾͲµǸ˭ˣԭ½ۡ
ҲԣǺߣ½Ը⾡Ҳ
uȻ֪飬ºɣҪʣȴкǳţǵಫ֮һҺ
ĽһѸٰγ䵶楼Χ
ܿ죬ֹͣˣţ߽һȺˣͬףΨͷˣһ£ȾѪɫ
˲Ǳˣ½ۡ
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½۵ĿɨڷˡݵǽҰա
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½۴ϣǶԸ̫ӵĳ룬׼áñҲģߡ
˲Цǣְȥ
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½ȴֵ̧㲻ȥҴˡ
ЩسǱְ
½۵ˣȥǹУؽȥ˵û̫ӵı£Ҳһ©֮㣬ף
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ȵȺԶʺŭ½ۡ
δڣ½۾֣һ񣺡ȥʺˡϸ˵ֻίһˡ
˵꣬ͳݣʹ̻ʺ󴩺·




303 һƬǽ
 

˸½ӭ˴Щ
ǿʺһ񿴵˾ĵݣнŻʺ
ʺ̫ϻ÷ţĲʰǣ԰꣬б±ӣǻᰲȻġ
⻰˵˵û˵
ۼŻʺȥˣһӵϣЩŵĽɲǳصģвǻȥ
Զˣ칬ĺ
ʺһʵ½ӣ;ҳ𣿡
½û˵ȴǴż˱ܿ˶֮أ߹հƣ֪Ҫȥδ
ʱĻʹѾǱңԶԶľҽЩĲɡ
楣楡u
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ŷ֣ǰһͨҵ̨ףԽǰԽɭ
½ĻǣǶǱϹϾ
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תͷ½ۼɲĵͷĬϡ
½þΣҪԼ˻Ǻ׵ġ
½۵ѣƿһšʺվſڣɲ
ʺģ΢ҺΣգֻίڴ˴ˡ
ʺһ²⣺㡭ûк;
½۵ܿ죬ʲô׵ġ
λʺԥҡ
½۰ǽϵĵƵȼ極Ҳڴ˵ؾĻɡ
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Σա½۲ͬ
֪ҲȥۿҲġ
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ЦЦĺˡ
uȰĻᣬ첽̨ףϡ
użΣѾͷԹˣһҲûС
½֪楲ΪŸ極һιԹԸǾΥļ
楲֪룬һƬǽ壬űͷܣԾšüͷ
½ӣ֪ںδ
½ۼ¶ƺֹͣ
ζӳ£վһҲҿԱ֤û䵽С
楷ģȥ
ͻȻһڶߺХ
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½۵ڽаߣ˱ǽͳ̷ȴ֮ɱӹ˽
̷סĦ°ͣ½ҵˣǳúܣԿ




304 
 

ЦЦĿ̷Ǿģ
̷Цһ½۵½ӣһ仰
½۽üͦĿһ˿ɣкηԸ
ӣִҪ𣿡
½һߣһ㣬뾰Ѿ֪ˣαٶһء
ܺãɽˣǸˣѵһ̷Ц
⻰ʵ֣½۵Ҫ˵ʲô
̷һ½ӣɲҪˣǱŮͲΪ𱨳𣿡
½ۿһۣͲòĵˡ
̷ƺ겻ѣ½ӣΪҲ̫ˡ½үףһ㾹ȻΪԼ˽ģγңڡˣ֪½ү֪һֻǣθ룿
½һ漴ɫ֪ˣ
̷̾½˵һʼ֪Ǽ£Ǵһû뵽½ӵ㡭ͬ졣֪գλԶ½ӣһݣѹֱ¼ɵң½ңѹֱ½ӡĸҡ
ضֻû˵ֻһʹ̷˻һذײĶɹȥҿʱһֻûˡ
½㡭̷ŵĶݺݵĶ½ۡ
죡½۵ɫ
̷ܻô㻹±˵𣬾ܶס죬Ҳı䲻ʵ㱾ûţȴռ֮λôãʶȤ͸˶ϣ
½ԶĨȥʹ࣬Ҳһ۵㡣ô߰ˣ˽ӵݻţ˲֪˵Ҳһĥ
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½֪鲻ô򵥣Ǹˣʶǰ
ûϵôһ
ʱͻȻһҽУǰļ˷׷ڵأӱ󴩹һ֧
̷ɫ࣬»ˣĿһݣ




305 ıλ
 

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ʱӹǽһƮƮ׹˼ɣǽưܵĵطɲȾֳף֮䣬ĸ߹Խԡ
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ܣ̷ŭӿ
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̷Ŀѣָ楣һں˵˵˵˵
һиžԺΪֱ֮ϣû뵽Ȼ
ܽʧܣ




306 һʹ
 

üۺŵĳ󺰴Ҳ޲עˣ;Ҫˡ
̷˻ߣȼһشһ𣺡û䣬Ҳ䣡
㻹ϲʵЩͬƵĵǱµģɱĽͳ죬ǱģԱĲΪûбĬܵôʲô֪Ҫ⼸ҳҪʲôҲץһУֱգļˡ
⻰̷һ𣺡˵ʲô
;ļƻͱ¶ˣñ»ôŻиѪҼǵã°ȥļ˵ʱûҵӡ
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̷һ˲ãȻ½΢Σ˱ۡ
ô𣿡ȺҲĸģһԼҲͰˣҪô޹ĽʿһսҲˣƫƫǱƭȥıˣ̫ԩˣĶӰգӺ;ĸҪ
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ҡͷˣҲԹˣҲԭ㣬Ӵ˺Ǿͬİ·ֻˡ޷ֱɱ㡣߰գٵ飬˵һᷴڡ
½۴еɬӿ
һУݻǼˣϲˣˡ֪лָ֮ȥδأ
楲ûٿֱӴ߹
һȴǿ½ۡ
½۽סſɬ㡭һҪչ˺Ȼ
ϣͷģҵӣȻᱣչ
½ۿıӰԳһЦתųصĽŲȥ
Ҫɱž͸˴½ۣǲá
̾һǰϾӣߵʱ䣬ʱ䣬¾Ͳԥˡ
񹴹ǣΪģ
ʵʣﻹ½ۣ
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æסţãҴˣҺ̫ˣǵģ£ϣֻҡ
ǵȻûôܲһЩ
ζӳ£Щͬ½ۣҲЩꡣϲ񣬵ȥʱⲻô׾İֻСèСԺҲǺü꣬οഺʱСһȥϲ˰
ƵĿϣҲܣӽԺֻ迴ҡ
ʧЦͷ᣺Ȼᡣ
ֿȥʺ˽ӳuϻһͬ˹
ʱĻʵ޹ǽ֮ơ
׼ȷ˵ǻʵھ




307 ƴ
 

ʵ޹
ڵϣһװȾѪ˿ңңΪǱһ˫۾ȴľˣǲʺԹޡ
ԭԲڴĻʵۣڹ˵ĲվĿһֱž㣬ߺЦ
ȫģСĵص±ŭС塣
ʵۻӿĹˣһߵǰȴΪʲô
һᣬͷһЦ췴ѵҪ𣿡
Ͼ޵ĶӣȻĽ㣬ֻҪ㰲ر֣޲Ҫ
֮أݣһӲдĻţuڽ£ʩţŶҲǰ
ʵĿһԡ
ʣ¹̫ӣλʲôʵ¿һˣ㲻Ҳǧټƺ˻λΪΣûгĳŹǳֻˡͬλ㲻ֶΣΪβԣҷһû䡣ǱҲܱȹáʣ鵽˽ĵزɱҺˡ
ʵۿϵͷŭЦãã޵ĶӣΪ޲ɱ֪ѾüλᣬȫȻϧ޴㣬Ҳù޺ģӦõ³
оʹЦȻ֤֤ˣô¶ְա
ʱѾСʡˣٲȻǲٰǰ˵ɸס
̷ŴɨĿ⣬̵ͷȥмΡ
վһԣ뼺޹صģϷѾĻǡΣʣµûҪٲ֡
½дȴǺ飬ֻڴߺ󣬱ȥ
һЦãð½ӣǿˣĺô磡
½дϵ⻰ҾͲˣΪ󾰵ĳӣȻҪΪЧֻԱġδ󾰽ɽУȻҪƴȫѲɣҵ֪Ĳ֮ģˣǲŽҳӣǲҲ֮ͽأ
ҧ½ҡû뵽ǺҴ壬ȴ˰ֵ࣬ܶˣб¡
˵ţȴǿŻʵۡ
⻰ڻʵ۶Уȴɫһ䣬Ȼ֪Ͳ鵽½д̫Ķӣ˿̣ȷŵԼߵģ
ʵõ½д߾أҲǲ֪
Ҳ벻ʵԭ
½дװӣ˵˾ǶǵĻ£ҴҲһűµġ
Ϊ½дڼʵ½飬ʵΪ½д֪½۵ʵݡ
ʵ۰ڰ֣Ժ顣
½дǣ¡ʵϣѾȥ׷ɱ½ˣûԶ
½ϣͻʵ۵˼·һϣ漣ȴˡ
ʵ۲̫Ǽ׳֮£Ծ㻹ʲôҪ˵
ü߸ϵȴ˿ڻĹʱҲġ
²ǼٵˣҰ£һΪ²û뵽Ҳƭˡ֪һ֪尲ϻʲô顣
Ϊˣʵ۲uȥң֧
Ҳûһֱţܿ죬uͻףһܺڡ
ʵЦЦˣҲ˰ڲġǸбµģϧ϶һǱˣǵĸףǲ˵ʬλõģ޻ûأһȨǻ㡣
ͷЦЦЦ˳ˣuҲ㣡ǻһ˰ĺһޣuֳңִγԷְǸλأ
ʵĿûлش𣺡¡
ȥЦźΪβɱңǲ𣿡
ʵתͷȥա
ˡ
һʱʵּϾΪˣƴ




308 ֮
 

ּȥûھ̫ĲϾʲôȾ췴Ϊ𾪵أ
ʵѾĹһΣһλʵ۴Ҳ֮С
ֻǣʥּ̫죬˼Ӧ
ּȥµģ̫u
µһηϯϣңҡΪηشʪԵŻѣȴɢΧùѾˣ֮ûһٶһ¶ߵˣϸ
֪˶ãһŲ
͵һЦһ̣
䣬Χ񣺡μ̫ӵ¡
uڰ֣ţȻȫȥˡС̱⣬̣žƱ;ƺ
ܹȻ񡣡uһ»Ǿµ·ڵƶǽɣ׺ϸСӡ
ӻ֣̰һӺŵӣְϾƲˣϢˡ
uһ£ָָĵӣ롣
Ծº͵ЦݣԸһƣһʳֻûֿܹࡣûϵҲֻίһضѡ
ѵƽ͵һ˵ƱһǱΪҼеģ
˵Ѿ御ˣڸһķϣȫʬ
ǡЦһǰȻǶ御ˡ磬һܸ˰գ
uҲһھƣ˵ϸ˲ˣֵܶ꣬һ
ԣ˵Ȳˡ
uҡҡͷҼҪǸʡϴΣʽĽ㶼ӳȥ߻ı֮£ɼзݵصı¡δҹζֻ࣬ܺݺˡܣˣɲҪԹ޸ʡ
ףһһߵܿܣµҳˡΪӮ𣬱صң㲻𣿡
һ٣ǻʵ۸ľ棬Ļᡣ
̾һ磬ˣҲˣǶǸϵӰˡ
uǡ
ԳЦЦСʱһֱΪͨ˼ҵĸһ۰ңҲ֪ˣǵǸסҳΪڷַʱ򣬸ҡţʱжˣھжʧҲΪΪڰʾˣҵϻλΪˣҲ֪ܵ˶˵ļɵ̫ӣҲǵһҵжд̡ҲʱҲ֪µȷĳ谮ңͬʱҲƺ⡢Ը̫ӵӡһΪܴʵʲô֪ۿ֮ĶңתҪְʼˣҲûʲôˡ˵ʵÿÿ˻ҡ¡ҶÿЦ
ĬĬu¾ƱˣԼŵʱΪ󾰽ɽ֮ǡţ󾰽ɽͻҲϡ
Ц㲻Ҳһڶεǻգϧ»ĺúõأ㰲ߵˣֻ±¶ݡ߱øʻã
ӣ㶼Цˡuü˺һһˡ
⻰˵ˣ¶˵ˣһҪƻôúһ³οζ߲ǻһŮ𣿡
楣uϵЦʣȷܴҼϻҲ޷յŮӡ
ľƱҾǰף㱧˹ˡ
uζһʣľһ
ܣʵҽΪġ
ɫʲô
֪ܲһô谮ĸʣΪͻȻ㣿
ͷһ𣺡˵ʲô
uеܼȻҪ·ˣɲͿãȻҪ㡣
žƱЦµһʲôġ
Ҳգ͸㡣uվлžƱĿΪƶ̽ģ׷ٵܡ֪̫йң½ۣԴ£̫òƵͽĺ󹬣ݴ߷磬ݺ̫ӡ֮Բ㣬һҲҪ˷̫ӣ㻹ҿ⡣ʼص۵㱻ӵķˣ˵˭
üͷȻվ˵˵֪½۵ݡԣ
סȻȻ򣺡㣬һжƵġյ£Ϊڲ̫H£ΪͽģuuǶͶء̫ˣ̫װģ
uü΢Цġλ伫ģûǷƶֻгܿܣ㱻ƣ̫޴ԣֲϡ
ֻһѻǻȼգһ绯Ϊҽ˵ʹã񱻲ӥס˲ӣɳƴЦЦʮֲֻ̡
ðá㻹ʲôҪ˵ģһ˵˰ա
uһЦ̫żˣһ죬ܻһ죬˵ʱܶɽءϧ
ǻʵۿˣΪuҪϵǻҲôжںܺڣѾˣҲס
uֵزĽݹҲ֪֪ǣ楲Ź
۾޹ء
ܻǾ顣uӻ֣ýµľƺ;Ʊֽӹһݸһƣա
ףͱˡ
ΪǵǰľƱʱǳһ²ֽӹ
㣬ЦౣأڻȪ·ϵ㡣
˵꣬uֽ̧һ
еľƱʩһתη۷ֻ»ҳڿƮ
*
ϻôǱu̫Ӹͥ楱ˡ
غ·ϣ󳼺͹پ춼½½Ļˡ
Ϊ췴ֵΣ̻̲ŹرգֶѲߵʿƽ£ҲϽܻؼˡ
ƿӣͣ
Ҷôˣ
أ
ԪѾȥˡ
˵ţԪˣҶ
㣬Ҷ楶һ
Ṵ𴽽ǣҲأڵˡ
Ҷ⣬Ԫź𣿡
Ԫľǡ
ҵĽֵϣٳμҴҵĸ·ٲҪʿ̲һҵʱ׷ױãһ·ϵǳͨ衣
ȵʻţ֪˶ãϼգѤҫۣʱѾϡ֮
ܿͣˣƿӣôúΪҪȥ
ǰ棬һӳ۵ľǶĽӡ
楷ԸһȺ˽ǰĳΧסҲܻܿ楡
ЦǰһսĵֻΪı飬ƻԭеС
ʲô
ӯӯǳЦ˵ҪߣС
ָָΧĻŭĿԲ˵У
ǰ㵽Ȫ·Ҳ𣿡ǰҶ;ǶޣȻҪͬͬѨģҲǧ󾰼޸Ϊãұȫ㡣
»ˣ˺һɫ楣㲻ңĽݹĹ㲻ɱҵġҸҲŹ㣡
ƵŶ㿴ҸҲҡʵﶼھ˾ʲôλ𣿡
楡ݺݵǵ죬һŮҶҶ֣㡪
һӺܴ󡣡Ĵϣʵ˵˲ݸ߹ĲûУһܻʵ۳谮˲ٴµĹΪʲôɱ
㣬㡭ʧɫЩС㲻Ҫˣ
ЦЩСˣǸطѾ˲鵽ˡڣǷ
ΪֻţʧǻŸʲôɱǣɱǰ
Ļ̰γԪӻ֣ܿ죬ɱ
Ϧ£ߵϼԽѤĺƣһ㣬һƬѪкȾ˽ŵƬء
ǵײһҽҲ˷Ĵ̧ͷԶա
ãڹƽԪǱ˵Ѫ
תĿ⣬㿴סˡһ˫۾ߺޣ楣֣楣ңȻĸ׺Ͷ֪ˣ㣡
楣ûУң
楣㲻úˡ

δ󺰴У楶޶ԡ楣ңǰҼ̡Ҹᣬ֪ôңҾҲΪˡ
楲ͷó
Ԫᣬ߹ȥ°ͣͷѪʹڵϴ
楴һȹǰɫ庣ĵЬЬϷɫһ²ǰ̾ͬΪŮӣҲô㣬ȴ䱾ǵ캦֮£СӶŹˣΪλҪĴԱ֮ʩ㱨Ӧţȡ
ʣҡͷеĺⱻȡ
楸ϸɵ°ͣϧ⸱òȴһЫĳ
˵꣬վɫñ䣺ְա
ҽй˹ȥֽŽˣɿݵĲ´š
ԪʾȥϷݰգǰܹʲôĥҲһ
ȥ졣Ԫ
ص˺ˡȥü̫ˣֻ˵Ƕ̫ӸһᣬŻˡ
̫ǲģϸѯ˹﷢£楼Ҫĸ
̫˿û˵һŴʯͷˣָϽߴ÷ûȥЪš
ҲһأȥⲻһͨԹ楺òײŰ˵飬Ӧٸ·Żȥ
պ楸Ҷ͸һϢ
Ϸˮˡ
ȻЩСӳȥˣ깫𺣡
Һ߷£Ŷôˮٸȥ𣿡
Ҷˡݻ𡯡Ϸݵ͹깫֪к˶޹ӣʮСкֻҪǿϣͻ˼СģЩӵ棬ǸҲģͻø̷ĥ֪ϷݵĺԺ˶ʬءԣٸ˾ãѰ𡣡




309 ֹ
 

ҷ߷ߵǱӦ
ЦݸǰȷǱӦ
ĺݣҲɱ޹ʵϷݵˣ̫£ڷһѻҲΪߣЩ޹ӲҲһѻǵǾˡ
ȻҪǣõ˱Ӧ
ôԴҲһ·ܵĿ࣬һѻϷݣʬ𼣣˭ҲҲ֤ݣϢʧھˡ
磺Ľݹ췴ô£ĽݹòϢκƽҲϢգʱӰһ鵽ϡ
һһ楾֣ױ̨ǰ˼κƽһͻҶ֡Σ֤Ҫ𣬾;ֻҪǲ±ץͱ˾ȥ
˿ɻĽݹĻʵ۱Ĳ𣿡
ҶһĽݹʮӺ͹һոῴһ֮ۡôаԵȫΪκ
ʵϣһ˵ݻʺ̫ӣĽݹʵУŮһҲֻƽǿۿգһΪ̫ӲھеԵʡ
ЦǾͺãһĽݹ»ǹء
ҶЦеǹ׵Ů۰ǹﻹءңĽݹʵڶĶϱȻ⻰Ҷû˵ȴˣֻεƳһۡ
췴һûкܿ˽ᣬʵ۽˰̲
Ҫξļͬı˽֧־ĵеˣûв뾰ıҲ췴ҵĳңնĴնŵš˵̲εķˣĶװˡ
һʱ䣬Ѫȷ磬Ļ̻̣ŵѪζ
£Ӳ˽ᣬҲɱĲˡ
ҹһ꣬ϴ˸ͨ͸ˮζѪȵζ֡
Ͽ飬ҽΧʵʵֵ㣬ڸס洫ζ
ǰ̧ͷ㳤β΢䣺ô𣿡
ҵͷģŹƿһţһ꣬ǸζԽŨء
ҶҲеĽ󾰳ĻʵۣȷĺһɱôˣҶĿˡ
΢΢һ̾ڽоĵˮ㣬֧̫ӵҲ˾ͬһɱˡȻÿһ룬ȴǰɾࡣ
¶Ҳ̫ˡ
ΪҪ̳٣вĺݵģôΪɨϰ̫̾ӵ˼Ҫ˳λˡ
̫֪𣿡
ЦЦ֪ܸıʲôأž췴һ𣬾͸뵽ԼҲ𡣡
ҵôһ˵ԽˣܾʲôҪ
ƽصȿա
ƽľuȴԽ겻
û뵽ʵװôļƻǱ¶ڻʵǰʵʲô֪ȴƾͼƣϷ
˵ĲˣԼͬҲˡʵ۳˾ʱԼ̫֮λأ
߽̫Ӹ԰ӣ㿴ͤƵu߻мӻ
ˣu¾Ʊߵˡ
ľӳУ楿ĺҶƺΧɫΪһ壬ףü۽ȴ̺˵Ľ֪ĻҲѲϲ
һ񣺡֪ҽҪ
uվԣǰ֪
ľ֮һζѡ楴һʯϵıȥͷ󻼣Ǵĵĺ£ôٴκƾƣ
uЦһӮα˵ŻЦأ
ҿɲҳЦ¡¼Ȼϵһ㣬͸뵽֮
uǰԴӣҡҡͷ֮뿴ž췴һ볹Ҫ˾ûϴãѸʵ۵ͷϣ˳λǧ㣬벻ĲǼٵģȻ˾ĵ𣬿ҵĿҲױ¶ڸǰҾòһѵ֪ʱλзգûϵҵĊuӣʱҲᱻҵĵ˵Ҹô죿
Լȴuĸƣһң楲ò
ЦеŶݱ¶𣿡
ͷ֪
ЦЦ£֮仹ʲôģȫԱĹᣬּؼڱź㲻˭أ
ͷ类һˮȵգȴô̹Ǳ㣬һЦȻ֪ߣҲʲô˵ܲµǺĬ𣿡
楺е飺Ѿ͸ˣֻϢˡ£һźӣϵˡ
վǶʣı㡣
楴Ϲ𣺡£ľӪ龫ô꣬ȴһܾ˵Ľֵ𣿡
ҡ
޹֮˵ֵ𣿡
ԣuɫһðŵԺ⣿
ӣ極ôģŵܱһ˲䱻һŮ͵ȥˣ̫ӵ£һһ˵𣿡
˵Ǽϣûң֪ϲŪŮҲ֪·ɱң֪һ취Ըȴû͸¶һɻʺǸƻ˳µĽС楲˵ţȴһͱ˵ƣ̫ӵ£ôСûΪλһ°˵ûֱʣǼܱǷ¶Ů߻Ů͵ߣñֻŮ֪ɵõܱģҲ϶Լ͵ߵġ
uŵһһֵԣͱ˰գҺ֪㵽ʲôôŮڲˣ
Ŀԣֱ㡣
uֻԼ˼ȫ¶£бһ棬һξѿ߳ܣҲԼ
գƿĿ⣬תΪ治ԼŮһʼΪΪǱƲˡ
ʵ⻰Ҳ٣Ҳ֪ˣֻԹۣuȴǰƶϷ
£ܸΪͥ룬ͬΪ˸ĸűʧȥŮűʹ飬㲻𣿡
u˱۾֣ԣΪ𣿡
ʲңЩҪ˵¿ڿ˵ҾϺȴ£Υŵԡ楲£ôӦҵģǵҲֹһ˵˿ĻĺǶԸˣһٻܸñĵߡɵһʳˣ˺޹ʵ޷ܡ
uһĨʲô˼Ҫֹҵĺ𣿡
ûзϣĮµĸѾȥǸλýǰֿɼ¾ҪҰæ𣿡
㻹ԹңԹ㣬ҡ
á楴ϣ£˵ʵô֮ң㣬ͲҲ
uĬãЦˣʹȡҵĺˣ𣿡
£֮˸ңҲһ֪𣿼Ȼֺ֪αأ
uҲ޷άӵķȣЦ˵㣬ҲҲҶԸĵˣҶһߣ楣ҵʲô
ü۽Ǿǳ±Լ˵޹Ǹȡ裬һʲôʱƭ㣿
uڣǿƽ㲻ԸٰңܸΪ룬Ϊ룬̫Ӹףһپһ޷⡣
вң
㣬Ҫһʱ˴¡
üһ¿ɻǵãҴӦ𣿡
uһ㶣üҼǵãϣuһ˳ȻݣûԲu£Ҳһֱܶҡĵλ
Цһ£㵱ûжԲסҽ𣿡
uĿ
£ҶɵӣЩ²ֱ˵ֻϣܸ԰ر֣ǵøԵݣҪ֮¡
һ仰u˲ѣһʱ䣬ƿԡ
ãŵ˵Ĳǡ
ûпǡ˺һԶҪˣӵãδõáԺվǰм䶼ٳ
u嶸Ȼһ֪黹Ǳġ
̫ˡ
£ֻҪϧΪΪ֮ʣʧԷڣ
uһЦ㵱˾飿
ˣôҲûʸܡǸµŮӣ޸ôôģܸܵõϣ㲻ҪԲ¡
˵꣬ʩһ񣺡ҸȥˣԱ㡣
˲Զһ죬uһȭݺϡ
Զŵˣҿ
uǰԼӰЦһ楣ҵ׸ô㡭
ԽǵòԽõھ˼楲ûϲԲһеĵزλߵ̬ΪϱԺᷳˣҲõ
οŮѰΪ˵ӡ
˺ľӣ楴uе֪һϢȻˡ
楸˵ʲôuЦŵ㲻ذοңĲ⡣¸ѡ淣Ϊʼҿ֦ɢҶǳ¡ߣѾӣ𣿡
˼ǸŮҲˣǸкֻЩ˵˼ֿʼˡ
uЦЦЩûиϵ㲻Ҳ˵𣬻һ뿪ǣԼȥȥգֻҪ˵ͥͺá
˵ǣһ̣ܿͻ̶
uЩģֻûôף̫
᣺̫ӵ½鲻ã
ǰܾһˡ˵˴ѹ˳һ䣬˵üơ
һЦĺˣڴҵδɣʲôе˼Ҳֻ
uͷá




310 ĵλ
 

ʹ
ʵۿ˼̫ô
ȫر£̫Ӹ
ʵЦЦڰˣǵΪϴʱˡ
ȫûҽӻ
ʵվ޹ⲽ⼸ӣʡ͵ĵƣû취ڻʼҾԭô϶̫żˡƤӵ޲Ҫһ߱ĶӼ̳лλ棬ҵġ
ȫľս亹ֱ⡭̫ӵ̫ļ˵㡣
ʵһЦһϣ˶ء
ȫ£ûйܺµˣū澵Ĵ𷣡
˵Ȼǿ
ʵۻӻ֣㼰ʱҵ˼Ҳ˴󹦣Ҫȥȵˡ
ӣ
ʵһƶ졣
ʣ½ҵˣ
ȫа̾ر£½ƺ׼ȥ׷鲻ҪҪ֣
ʵۻӻ֣أաǸӣ޿Ƿࡣ
ʴȡ
˼һᣬʵ۵˵½д֪֪£
ȫɵǲ֪İգ
֪ʵƺ뵽ʲôЦһ

׼ܿʵۡ
μʡ
ʵ̧ۣա
л˶վһߡ
ʵ۴һۣ֪Ϊټ㣿
븸ʾ
ʵߵİ׷ƺˣȻԲڴװ㣬ʵˣ岻Ҳġ
һЩѾ˰գôģ
һظʣΪ췴һ¸ոƽȶ˳ãñ塣籾´ʿöǡ
䣬ʵ۾ЦûϢĶ޿Ĺ裬Ϊ·û뵽ϲ̨档
£ʣûжҰģֻТʣرֵүˣ븸ʳȫ
ʵΪô£ɢүȥεķ֣ҪôλãҪôѡһա
ʡ̧ͷ
ʵߵǰļ򣺡ж೤ʱûȥ̫Ӹˣţ
ƿԡ
Ȼʵʲô֪
ʵ˵޲㽫λ̫ӣһÿˡúա
ʡ
ʵۻӻ֡
ȥʣϼѾʾһֱûټʹǡ֪кι˼ɣ
ʵЦЦ׵ġ




311 켺
 

ӹһֱ⣬˼ң֪ȥ
뵽ʵǷӲͷ亹˼ɲ⣬˭뵽ԭӮϵuǸͷβء
ǻʼӵѵؿˣҲϲȨƣʵҪѼϼܣаǶԱ˵ֻαûһǻλġ
u
Ǹظˣ±СֳɣﻹǺܲܵġҡҲûȥ̫Ǹˡ
֪ģ̫ӸţҵҶԥջǵתͷȥˡ
紵ӵһǣҵǰ¡
⿴һۣҲǴ̫Ӹķġ
楷飬ЦǴӹгģ֪ô̫ӸŶûֻˡ
Ҿȣô֪
µġ۲ֽ
ҵǳ̫Ӹʱ̫ӵ£ū澿ɫ̫ãִ𣿡
β𣺡ǰա
˺̫ӺǨŭ𣿡
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楶յЦ᣺ӻЦˣõĵԼˡ֪Լ첻ˣȻҪ¾һЩˣǱȼݱ
Цݶա




312 ץסѱ
 

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̾뵣ģףҸҲסͼȻʲôˣȴҲô塣
˵楣ЦƵĵᱻ˾룬Ҳˣ̤֮ԭһ
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313 ٻؾ
 

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סĿڣؾҵҪôӵģΪ˵Ϊкڣ




314 
 

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315 С
 

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316 
 

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317 
 

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318 һʱ ޳в
 

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319 ѭ
 

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Ľ֮վһ𣺡һᷱ٣ô᲻еأ˵ĻλˮңӵܲҪû䣬Ҳϣİգ
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328 Զ
 

һ̧ͷͿߴǽ̫ʣϽĽҲŴ۵Ĺ⡣ĸߴŮ̫ഩһ߹
楲֪󾰺ĽݹĹǷͬѯʰ㿴Ҷ
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329 ϼ
 

ԪۿеİǻĽ
ᵽЩ΢ı仯Ͼ֮˶֪Ǳ͵۱ġ
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κɨĿһĨ⡣
Ľŵϯλϣʵһֱڰż̲סԪۣԪ۸һź極£ûвһԵĿϡ
ѦһҪʺԭΪ̫Ǹһ͵Ĳӣһ֪ʲô֮ˣǫǫӣһҲϰ£ֻֿݵӲ
ȻͼλǱҲܳڣϧֻǸлʺ
˳һֱڰй۲ˣٿŮ⸱ּʵģü𣺡磬ǹϣЩ
Ѧ¶ţǣĸףž˾˽ҪΪ̫ѡġ
ˣֹ𣿡
Ѧɫһףĸѵ⣿㲻ҲϣҼ޽ҫ𣿡
˳һ˫΢УЦŵֻǴͻ飬ֲǴ飬ʲôߣˣҲԲš
Ѧвʣ˵ʲô˳Ǵҹ㣬Ӧöׯء˵˶ٴΣôͼǲס
Ѧݺݶ楣ҾǼһ˵Ҿϴζײҵˣ۶˱̶֡ĸףС󣬿ǵһңһҪġ
˳ЦҼţжôӽ𣬼ҪЩٱˡ
Ѧɫһ䣬楣Ҫʹࡣ
˳˽ŮСҪʲôʲôҲҲôˡ
Ҫ̫λãҵģٳ嶯¡Ҳˣٲĸӣ㵱̫ûһҲᱻѹ
Ѧٱ˳ѵ⣬ԲԸ֪ˡĸף㵽Ҫΰң
˳ɨԱϯλϵŮӣࣺưգ̫֮λǸģѾͷΪԼ𣿡
Ԫ۾Ľһⲻͻ¡ǾʶȻҪһġ
ֿǲʶǰʱϧܺѾԻȴǵóԸˡ
һƣǱ·һͲˡȻȥ꣬һҪ֣лµġ
ˣ˵˵°ܽȻڣ±Цȴô˵󷽵˵ɼǸ̹֮ˡ
ҲԪĵطǸӵǸļƵġ
Ԫ۵һμУΪʲô֪ЩҪĽǰΪҩˡ
ɱˣĽȻмڶ£¹楣һС
ԪһЦһҪھһЩʱգٺúдһ
ڲΪԷǻʵ۶˵Щ֮ԣЦӦˣˣһ㡣
Ԫָָȵʱһͬȥԡϴεͷжˡ
Цǲȵġ
ż˵ЦϵķΧɷࡣԪȻϼңһ
ãԪ۲иӡסЦ⣬һ޻һҪ
˵ˣĽĪЩţͦøֱˡ
ԪɨĽһۣЦ̫Щ꣬޴ļ֮գҲ£ѻؾǸȢˡ
ǻʵۼ£Ȼѡ˭ѡ˭Ȼûʸ죬ɴһ˿Ρ
κתͷϰβϵĶҡΡ
Ŷ֪ļҹ
ﾲãſʵ۰ĿϣѦ￩һ£ĵȻռ˱ˡ
ʵ۸ұףңŮȻǶׯ壬СԣϼףϷΪΣ
極ͷԾЩһ˲䣬з˹뿴Ľ
̫Цд⣬ҵң֪¿еĸŮ
ʵ˵еĴ𰸣Ȼǰ楡
۽һ̧ͷһɲǣиӵ΢΢һ㶣ò΢Цףֱȥ
һ˲u䣺楣лˡ
ջ˼ǸȻģ뿪ϯλĽһͬл
κЦ棺̫֮ϣ檹ϲ̫ӣϲ¡
ĽѹеȸԾ˵ĺϲǱҲǺ֡
u楶ߵĺϲˣŸյͼɴ´ͻ飬Ƶġ
ɫ΢죬ȴһţȷܺá
uһңͲЩ𣿡
ʧЦҾ˺ޡ
uһһȦͻȻ뵽ʲô㱻ͻ̫ӣǰѲٹŮȥˡԺһҪСЩҿ̫֮λ˼ҿɲ١
㣬Ƶ𣿡»ûҲͰˣѾǰ϶ģ̫֮λĽֻһˡ˭ҪĶǾѰ·
һֱôΪĽݹɲá
ʱĽ䲻Цգգ۾極üǳЦңңٱ
ɢ楷ԸҶ̫ͻȥʯu뵽˱𴦣ŵԪۺĽ
Ľӭȥˡ
Ԫأ˾͸ǡ楿ɲ뱻˵ḡԶЩuһͬǰ񣺡μӱ¡
Ľ񱻺ˣȻʧЦҲȥ
ϵǣԪ۲ôϡЦŵһˣؾ޾ҳ
䣬йŮʣл
Ԫۻһαţһִڷϡ
Ĭ極񶼸ˣ˴˳ܴ󾰣㹦û
極ֻ游ĸ𡣡
֪Ǹϻ۵Ĺ֪뵽ʲôԪЦ밢òƣȴԸͬģʵ˼Ǳʵļ͡һҲձˡ֪սɱϵƣҲլŮ֮˶ЦһЦ;öԷǺˡⲻ֪ıսյöࡣ
ЩǰѾûбĸµĶˡ
밢ʶ꣬ߣްġԪƳһ񣬡һֱ޴ͻ飬ھ߲ܲɣ
ĽĲⲻҹζ𡣡
Ԫ㻹̫ӣסҲ±Ц
ĽЦⲻû֪𣬳˭Цң
楺Ǿ㵣֪Ԫۿݻʺĵӣû뵽Ϊһʵ۾ȻԣϲĶǰȫһȸǰ͵γ谮Ҳð
Ԫ۲Ŀϣգһ˫Ĵ۾Ǻ
˹ǵu˵u
uȥա
ԥһ£ߵԪǰ
ԪϣЦǸúӡ
ĺӣڿܲһ
Ԫ۱龫ֵģˣu˵иôһ
u΢Ц̫ͥСҰ
ٱ޿Ҳá˶٣Ԫ̾Щ꣬ίˡ
uɬ˵ԼûʲôίȴһҲ˵
޿ɷϣu˺Զ޷ĥġ
޻úòǡ
uһ
Ԫִ̧ϣѾµѪӦġ
u楣ûƴǡ




330 ˳·ͻ
 

ԪһᣬʯˣԪ۶˵ʲô
Ԫ۵ͷȥ鷿š
u楶һۣһͬˡ
ʵ۷ԸʯǳĽЦʣҲˡ
ԪĻӻ֣ϱ˵
ԪۣĽ楼ˣʯȥź򸸻ʱǣ̫ȥͺá
ʯЦǡ
ҿ˿źĹŮ̶ͷδš
ٿʯЦӣĽһۣuЯ˴ĹŸ̧ͷһĽ
ղҶûҶ࿴λĹɫ㣬̫ӵ䡣
ǰ̫ӵ»ȥɼǼΪˣĽһŮճյؿǰ޳Ӱ
ԱߵĹŮЦĽġ֮ǰд˵ݼҴΪ̫ڱһĹȵǣɼиʵ۾˾˲Ҫġ
˵˻ۣ
ǳ˹ţ֪أ
˵仰ߴһͷһս͡
ʯбһۣǰػûѧٸ̫ӵº̫ͲҪˡ
˰ûڲѣŻŵūҲˡ
ʯһۣ߳⡣
˹ţĽҪͻȻӸǽӰ߳һˣɫްĿ䣬ǼС
ĽȻҲǣһĨʵ΢Цڼпơã˶ûڣȴһ֮ơ
㣬һͣеղ±ŶԣӦóΪ̫ӵˡ
ĽĿŵĿ楣ЦԭΪû뵽ȴҽ͵Ȫ֪ȻڵóӶˡ
ôҺ̫ȣ֮֮ãʵҲ֪ƽθ롣
֪ȥͺˣֻҪСĽЩҪᡣ
дһ̵ֱڣΪ˲ĽЦǲɫ
Ľ񣬸ӵĿ楣֪ˣ
ȻʣȻ֪𰸡
˿ǣ֪ݡӹûո֪㣬ֻ˵ǸⲢдÿ˶ܣ¹ش󣬸ǲ͸¶ȥҵļҲǲǰ֪ࡣ
Ц̫Цˡе楺Ľơ
ڴ󾰵ʱĵ楣ģֻǾ仰һƴϣʱǶôΪǡ
極ô룬ѳɶ֡󾰵£֪Ĳ˶ѣʹڵƽĽݹĳ񣬲ץŹȥ²ţǼͼԺ·ôߡ
ѼУֻҪ뵽֮ĶͼҵķٻһֱȥͼΪȨߣǸ£Ķ󣬼ͼСЩ˵Ȧס
֮ĮȻôȻס
楲ͣˣҾˡ
˵ţתĽЦŹ֣Сķȥְȥ
ԼԪǣ
ֱ˺ԶвŲȥ
˭֪˲Զͱһ̴ӭסЦӣҼƺ¥һ𣬲֪ɷ͹⡪
̴סһ£ײԱߵĴϡһײ˺ܴϵҶӡ
һƣѪܸܵѪʡ
־ŭŶ£ӣ㡭ô
鲻ãӦʲôˣƫƫϸͲȻЦˡ
̴ӻ˵ʲôԷĿ⣬ɤӾ˿ǣֻʣ¾֡
аǶ鱦ޣȻ֪ҵݣҵ·Ѱ·
̴ӶŴСˡС˲ǹ⵲·ǷҼ֮һ𡪡
ȥҾһҪȥЦһһǷǣ
̴ǵѪԸ̣ƽն֪ӽ±Ȩ󣬾κ˺ݼҲšλ¾⣬˵ʹⲻǷʲô
ӣСƽģ޿κΣ̴ֻܰƽš
е˵ӣĵҺθɣ
̴Ŀ࣬죬һμ㵨ˣ
Ȱ˵Ѿûģޣȥ
̴ӴԭأعѪѾˡʹġ˻һ˶ţƺ¥
ƺ¥ƽԶ̴֧֧棬Ȼ󵨣
̴صͷ˵޴СˣѣС˱ƽµţȴмһˡ
ӻ֣ȥҩա
ű򿪣ֹϣƽ¶ãΪӶ
αغڴ󾰵ʱ򣬾Ŀˣ˶Ҫ֡˵ˣưˡʺЩ飬رѰǲҵǼҲ̫
ƽĻ˿Ҳŭɫ
ô̶ӵģˣ˲ͲгһձȺŹ
ƽһαƫƫֻ͡
ϡ棬һ磬²ܴʶУỳᵳӪ˽
±ʵ֪Ųһӡƽָһ棺̫Ӻͼڴ󾰾ʶ¼ͼһת֧̫ӡ
Ҳᡣ
ƽΪΣ
˵к̫ӲԸЦŽͣΪ֮ޣһżҲ⣬ȴȡҿзֳݣҲ𾪣ڳʵݣһֱڹϳƭǰ㽾Դô֧̫أ
ƽֱӣΪһŮӣ
ЦŮӺϡοⲻһŮӵ⣬Ϊӵϡ
ƽЦһ˵£ͼһµͼ֮ˡ
ӣ̫ӵĻô
ȻͼˡƽƱظ棬ľ罦̫ƫˣ̫ѡĲݼŮŮ˭ʵΪ̫ǿ֧ߣҶŮȢ
üҶӦԸģȴˡ
Ǹƥαζʾã޶ԡƽˣ˵档
ĬĬĵܣǴ󾰹Ӧʶ極İգ
һ㶣ͬǴˣȻʶġ
ƽĿǹط꣬Եȥݷá
ڴ󾰱Ͳܳ裬ΪԼǰ̣üƼ޸ûȻ԰֮λɴˣҲʵģ˽ﲻֻ֪䳰ȷͲλ͡Ϊ˱ס֮λֻܾľչ뷽跨Զ
ԣʲôȥ
ãͬΪҲƽģ˼ͷס
ƽϧ֮λɫˣиʵĳ谮ϵĺôȫռأ
Ūƿһǣ԰ⲻǻظ·
ԣ楺uҲ棬Ȼԣǻظķ
ǲߴ·ˣֹ
泵ˮ֯¥۴αȣڶܶ໪ĳκͽ»ĹӴһɷ
楻ʲôƿһǣ񡣡
Ľųƽ
ôˣ
û˵ôˣǻظ·𣿡
Ľ۾Ź⣺ǻغ·
uڣĻΪֱӰյϡ
˵ʵ
ðգԭϲġĽЦܲһֱסҸµĸۡǸĬġ
ĸأ
ҷԸԪҶ̫ȥˡ
Σġ
ĽһЦЩ⣺Ҳնֲ֪࣬Ҫʱܰȥ
楣
ٴֱӡ
ĽüһЦǰ
ƽʻһ·ԽǰߣԽ㻪ĸۡ
ܿ죬ͣĽ楣ˡ
Ȱַu³ĽʱĬĬ˵һߡĽʶȤ⣬ַ
楳˲Цһۡתͷˡ
Žرգǰϵʯʨӣδ׳ĻһƬŵС³ӭ
ԶҶѾˣ̧ͷһۣͻȻʲôͼڡ
Ľǲµ룬ЦİգԭլĶѾʰһȫùˡһЩһӦȫҸաлڴȥЩױ˴Ӵ˹ˣǰղŵһⷿʱҰԿ׸
ЦЦͷˡ
ʲôʱԿףҽڷǽĻᡭ
Ľ˿飺С¶ѡ
Ȼ˼Ұŵô׵˵ʲôأuһͬ˸
ϣռع˲ţһᣬ㿴Ժ䣬̨ͤ¥·Ժӣɫ£Сˮï񣬱ֲ滨ݣԶԶȥҡҷһأƺ˵۾
ȵǣ㱾ۡĲЩϤĽƵĵһӦ;£ҷԸģԭĶԶõģſɻϲ
üչл
԰ӣ͵Ժ·Ժ䷿ݺһЩŮͻȻֵһˣһ׷ױܿ
ȻҪȥݼ̫ˡ
̫˵סǰһ֣楿ͷҶ̧߽ȥ
ŸߵȰſڣһӰ˹һź˵Сǰ
濼˷ܣ㣬ϵĹ˵ҵĸۡǺʱ׼ģô֪һȥҵԺӿ˿һӦúͳȻԭԺӲ࣬Ǹϲء
ЦƿĽһۣʱ׼Щ̫ǰźõġ
գһ˫۾˵
ͱϲˣˣԭĳĽݹ̫ӵˣ㻹δ̫
ʧЦĸȼˣȽȥա
֣ƿ߽ȥĸˡ
̫˵Цüһңôôëë꣬Ҷٴˣ
濲Ϊ⣬СϵİɫС룬ϲЦտʲôʱ÷ʺȡ
ϾͷۣͻȻĽҲڣͷˡ
濶
Ľֹ˳·Ͱ楻ظض񡣡
Ͽ۲ɽ̫ˣҲ˳ȥˡ
Ҫ˵̫ӵ˳·š




331 
 

Ľºͣ𾴣㲻̫ӵļӣСݼģ
̫ﰵͷա
ĽûԱߣսӹ裬̫ʣ֪¼ٺᣬкιɣ
Ǻ̹ȻҪ£ֻ˳·Ͱ楺ͱ
ǽٵҲɾˣλ̫ӵ»ǳĳʵ
˼ҹͽеôܣѰ˼ͱȥˡ
̫ǳ˳飬һ˱ȻŮͷˡ
Ľǫġ
ƤԽˣ˼ȥˡ
̫ȻĺƤģǰࡣΪ̫ӣһֱʼһЩ¹ڳҹǿٱǧ
룬ֵ̫ڸۡ£ʵ࣬лˡ
Ľæ֮Ͱˡ
̫ûٿѼ䣬ִյ
Ľ֪Ϳ͵˼ȻᣬòǡϾһӣ˶
̫ûзȻֻԸһСΪ·
£̫˶Խϵԭһ楶޽ʼһίڿҶˣ̫ӻúô楶ġ
ЦһۣȴǶ̫˵ܷˡ
楾Ϸ̣һ÷÷Ǳģðż˿źһڣֻθ˶ˬˡ
ĽСˣͥ԰ӣʱʱһ楾ͻ֡
ͻȻһӰǰ棬էһһƣϸһȴر΢΢üһˣǰŮǰ極ãOš
ôһ룬OûʲôӡֱӲ
OϲȻǻţʶ̫ӵ¡
ĽתĿ⵭Ȼ
O޴룬μ̫ӵ¡
Ľض񡣡
˵꣬תȥٴοڵĻᡣ
O촽⶯ţ˳ָġ
˵ǰҪ޸ѺͣʹȻĽİĽͳݡɱʱһͻȻ֣㲻ģɲܿƵĶġҲ˵أ֪ʱһļ׹ȵף֪ҵĿܶС
ùһ֮£οҲ檵Ůͻһ
Ҵ󷿻ţȻ޷صĴ£ĲİԭΪֻǸɢү˭֪ȻҡһĽݹ̫ӣɺδĳδ̫
ʶ極ֶΣΪУһĽòϨĶʻֱһ绪˫λӣôƫƫأ
ү̫ƽˣõһԶ極ģʲôأ
ȥһ楲˼һŹ
ͤ˺þõķ磬Իָǣٲȥ˴Ȱá
Ȱ̸ЦO񣬰һߡ
ϵĸףǳǲǸþٰ쳡ᣬĽݹЩҹǰμӣ
ˣûˣǽϹܼҡ
̫˳Ƭ̣˵Ĳô룬еۼұ
һȥְš
ҳէֱԪرչˣ֪˽Щô롣Ҫһµĵط㣬ֻʵǵչǲģҲҪʵһ¡ΪģֻʶһҲá
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͵һ楣ʱ˴𰸡ǰĽô楣ȻĻᡣ
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ͬʱ˸ӹעݼҵĶ
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Һ߾һʶתͷһµĽЦ⣺ԺҲ̫ˣöδ֡
վһۣ֪Ľɲܷ㡣
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ʲôģ΢΢ü
ȻԿסЦԽʣȡŵġ
㿴˵㻰ûƭ㡣
ԿױЯȣںһ
Щңߵ鰸ǰŵĳ
ͷһˣֻΪ΢ĩС𣿡üۺ飬ˮ٣ǡ
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Ѻй״Ԫû˲ţһЩʺĴ𰸣ھܾˣȥְֻһ
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Ľֵǰ䷸˴ְŸүǽʿҲȺ飬֪ϰߺԣȥְ
һע⣿
ϣЦҿɲΨףѡܣ븮үʤεġ
һ極ţ󾰹ԱͿԪ۵˼ˡ
һǵҲɢˡΪ®Ѻ͵¶ǽȥˡ
Ľῴ˼һЦǲǺܸж
楲شȻһЦûȥˡ
ĽĿһۣ˳ȥվڴǰһֱıӰҹɫںһ壬ȥ顣
ȻҲЩԡسϱƼ˸࣬һ֮ԵҲ֪ĸݼҴô룬Ҳݼô룬ֻ֪ĽǸδ
ߣĽô࣬ΪĹ
һͣȻҪú׼ǰ죬Ҿæµˣŵĺֻнһ˹ܼңҶڣŲæҡ
ܿ죬͵һգҺߴҪΪ楺úôһҪ˱ȥ楿Цãǲ̫ʶȾͺãҪ̫ݳޣҲҪ̫ء
Ҳܴ֣źðա
ԶͥУе˱ͼеΪģеΪԪۿңύ
ỹûʼٱϤ̸ЦȻҲҪӦ꣬ڹҵģۼһ˵Ц
ɻصĶ棬иΪͤİ˽ͤλһ̸Ц
һϼɫӵĹЦҪ˵λǺˣûһڹŮվȽŸͱͻ̫ӵ¡Ժб»ţ˭Ҫ֡
һ¹ҲҲҪ̫ӵϲǣҪһӿ±ӻ
û˵̫ӵǼģظģ˿ǹ˺óʱŴҳ
¹һ㶣˳ӣ˵ֹǺô򵥡żһ棬̫ӾͶôá
˵ʵȷĺκҶȲϡ
˵⣬̱죬϶εЦ
һĿֵκҲˡ




332 ʮѧʿ
 

κκҲκϲֶŮòκʱмƣһ˻òԴκһӱκκ꼵ҲˮǴߡ˶һ㣬κǰݣκҲߣԼΪݱȱ˶Ҫ
ͽҲܶ࣬˵ò楣ɫһӱѿ
ڳﶼĬ۵ɫףͷһ㺹顣
ѦƳκһۣžţôһκùǾѻȸˣ֪ĻΪʲôҪǳƵġ
εЦ˺üء
˸ѦѦ£һȦһҺκãҵмֺˡ˵գҲһ
λ֪Ƕ㲻ȥˣһϰ¡
㣬ϼɫӵĹӲͷƤ˹ɫ٣Ϊδ̫ԹҪġ̫ӵҲǳȻͨһòκ󣬶ׯţĽݹŹ㣬ֿòעĿķǳŮӿɱȡ
ⷬѦŭЩЦЦ˵ɫˣ
κ꼹ȣôĵӣȻδ̫˵ĻҲ˵̫ӵ·ǳΪɫ𣿡
ҡҲ˼
ŶǷ˵˵Ƿʲô˼
Ů֧֧ᣬ˵벹ȣһ˳ֺѦκ꼣˭֪ץĴء
ˡѦ˷ӣǿݴȣҲ֮ʧκþͲҪΪˡĽãΪСͱˡ
κЦӿ͡
ȴΪȻ
Ѧκ꼱Ϲϵ׺ʵϰػʱȡѦƲκ꼵ĳȴְκƲΪСκѦŹ֮Ůָʹģȴֲҵ
Ȩףͷô굹ల¡
Ѧ̾һʵ˵ҲûȷǾɫҿһ˵λ÷ĪˡǴᣬֻԶԶĿһۣ˵ǻǱãҲûлʶһ
κݺ䣺⻹ףǺˣһ͵ģʱҲһ֮飬
ʲô
κЦ˵Ӳ̫áˣɲҪƻǵĽ֮顣
ѦЦǽãȻƽϡ
ؿ㣬дҷ緶κЦݲһỊ̃˵ףǽĹңЩСӣҲʲô¡ǳŮĸǱһĸͬã˵λ̫˿ǳСҪ÷Ҫ꣬ƢЩҲ⡣ǧҪǴ¶䡭Ǹ¹⿴ڻϰݼڣʱֻί
Ѧ֮ɵˡ
κڳ˵ĹĸײҲ绤Ԫ۸ãԪۻ楣ȴ
вȴĵκ˵ЦﲻСˡŹ֡
Ǽʶ極ӣ楷ԸŤϱ̶֪Ǽ˲ʡ͵ĵơھ꣬ǵһμŵˡ
Ժ̫˻ʺҪ񡢵ͷ
Բԣ楣ʺ֮λֻġ˻ʺһҪݺʰ˳۵ˣ極³ֻҡǺˣŹ
ѹסͷκһۣͻȻ꣬ʵࡣ޽ɺúˡ
κɫ˽ֻѦ綷죬ôˡ
չأ̫ͻʺڣ̫ǺŮˣʸ󹬵ġλٸߣҲǸ檣Ҫ̫Ԫ۲ϲЩЩΪκƹܺ󹬣κֶŮȥԼһ㣬ϲ۸ܳĹ
楳̫ĺӹҪβˣ極ɫ£
ͷţʶƽԼǣһȻҪŹ
Ѧһ֣ʹЩ
ǹֶŮκùȻܶء
κ꼲ټ⣬ƮʱͻȻ̧°ָǰ棺ǲݼҴ𣿡
ѦƮƮһۣᣬݼȻˡ
ݴһ߹°
ѦЦˣݼҵճŮôȻҪֺκˡ
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ݼҺκһĴ壬ƾУͥ񣬾ԱȡκұĲݼҲκĳʱڸ˽κĹ֮λǼģĸǸѾߣҲߣκ˽ҲƲһ㣬κҲѼݼҡ
ԣκϲȺգﶼڹĿԼò˫ȫΪ˰ݼҹȥϧ˼ҸУСһȥ
ԣκһݼ˾Ѫӿʱ׼ӭս
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ڳ˶κҺݼҵĹϵ֪Ӳҳۡ㣬ǰ߿һۣתȥ˱ȥ
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κһֱĮӵպޣվҾЩƣȥߣһͬȥ𣿡
ѦҾͲȥˣκԱա
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˼ʱŷ羰续԰ӣĿĵš
ãŮСȣȥǱߵͤϢһգ
κͷϣɫôҲԽ󣬾źˣȥЪϢ
Ůҡͷū澲˼ūǵĹӡ
ңκܻΧôڣִȥˡ
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Ľ񲻽ı飺ѣôɥ־أԡ
楰Ը̣ЩʷĹٵͲǺ̫ӣһС¶ᱻ޷ŴôĽ޲أ
ģʲôظˡʵʵҲЩԹ٣ȴ޷ѵǡԪΪһȸԼĶӡ
ȻĽһ˵Ĵȸ
ΪΪģĽЦߣҲ֪ڸʲô
֪г㣬Ա׷ʡ
ѻ͵աǰĻҪԼԺӣңȥա
ףա
ͷˣҸȥˣΪ˼Ҳܳٳٲ¶档
Ľ֣Ժ͵
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ѦԶԶΪ˺͹࣬ҧһҲòϣ極ò̬ܳڡ
ᣬҲϼӣϻ楹ϵҪãȻᵽ
Χ˵Цϻĵô԰еϤأҪһۡɲһһ֮ܲ˻ڴ󾰣Ͱ˵Ľݹ޽ۡˡ
źѵĴȤѵȻµˡ
ϻЦ̫ӵˣϰߣԭĶԶ޽õġ
΢ЦҲ⡣
ҶλӸҲԵظˣЦֹأ̫ӵ»һʮѧʿ͸Ҽҹ
楺һۣҪ졣
ҶŴЦԽ
ϻǳԾ֪ڴ󾰵ʱĽ楣û뵽Ϊ楻𽵹󣬾ͨӣٰӣҲزգ
Ϊ楸ˣͬʱʮѧʿҲܸȤҵһ󣬲Ѿտÿȥһ۲ŷģû뵽ﻹиĻ
ϲҴȥƣʵҲûϸæˡ
ϻһأ˿ȴЩУãھȥա
極ͷ뽪˵˼仰ͺϻд뿪ȥķ
԰˵Цư
޽һϷ̨ӣ˲ϷԲ壬רϷӡΪٰᣬԽǰȥ԰Ϸӡ
ʱвϯλϣһ̸Цһ߿ϷΧ羰ģٻţ΢ѬǱһȤζ
ԽǰߣԽǰԽСˡ
СĽ¡Цѡ
⻰˵꣬ǰ洫һĳϵ㲻𣬳ײ˿˻Ҷ죿
ǣҼҹ·Ūˡ
λԼײġһŭ




333 ʮ 
 

ɫ΢䣬ҵǴ˰ʮѧʿôڴ˴
ϻҲ˲ԣǰʲô£ȥա
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ҳ˽ҲѦģ楻һ壬һʱ޷ȷǳ˭ҡ
ߵͿһŮװҪִҡͷһҪֹȵס֡
Ůֽڰգһʱ֪òôȥ
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һ˲Ŀȴκﶯ֣ǲ̫ʡ
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ʱͨˣκҺݼͷͬģΪ̫ӵδޣҲκͷκҹΪżҲΪ档
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ݹ䳰ȷκ˵Ĳǣȷҡ
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κĻס楣ѻ˵ôͲһ軨ˣ
κﻹÿΪãȥ˻ûȣɲܵġ
˵ţһƿκ꼣ﳤȥһ紵Ũںڵͷ
κ꼱һҶŮŲûˤ
¾ô˰ա
κ꼶ǰӰҧˣǳȫЦ
΢΢ĿͿݹĿ⵭Ŀ߽Χ
һƿŮ첽ȥҪҪ˵ңΪνˣΪӱܳͷҵ׾ӵĽڡ
ںĹһҲȥˡȴһ
ǲȥ𣿡
ݹҡףȥʲôϷ𣿻ֻ
ѩЩʧκŹĸκֺŴԣϡ۸Ů˶ĬΪʲôͻȻΪҴ򱧲ƽأ
ݹ̾һԣκǹҡղҲмںֻǸŮʲôãû뵽ȴңҶһˡ
ѩЦƣ治֪κʲôɵģ۲ò۳Զ
˵ˣûȥˣĸ׸żˡݹϡ




334 ֮
 

һ˺ƺƵŵӿȺˣһԥһ˲վԭû
ʱ楺˲øĹǣֱ
һɫȹӵѾ߹ȥһֻš
üںδ
ҴҸָָǰ棺Ǳߡ
Ƴһֱۣȥ˻
ԭֵģȴǶЩȤµĲιۣ極ӰСۡ
Ȼܳ裬㿴ԺӣҵܽԷֹءһĻһס㻪Ժӣ̫Ϲذա
˼ҺϲϹأϷ˳谮ȻõģĽҲá
ʱκ꼴߹ȥ˼üŪ۵Щ˰ΪǹǧֺĿ޳ԼȹƲϴ˼ң֪ʲôܳĹŮ˰գ
˵Цǰ˼ǳŮĸҲǵճȻܳˡ
κЩɫԽѿݺݵص˼һۡ
ܰľսá
κ꼵ĿԺﻷһȦ極ܳЩʡԴκþλͳĹС㣬ܵĴǰȸ֮ǰòģ־ĸ׶Ҳǳ谮׶Ҳܺá
֮ܳ裬ΪüֵԣյָʹҲǿ²˵ģ۸͵ĹʱҲҪѦݹʱҹҲҪãһҰƵ̫ǱȥͲˡ
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ԭֵģԶЩڨڨ
ˣ˭ûһأֻǲɷڽˡ
ǰҳǸѾߣҪúóһ
Ц񣺡л¡
κĿŮ˻ɣŻֺãֱһ̬ȣ̬˵仰˷ǰοˡ
һͨʲôǰ׷˼
ô˵˸ᶨ¿Ϸ˼ôأҲܸǡ
κҲǣҲǣ彩ӲվڻſڡղƵģЩﶼԶ֮
Ҷжܿ죬ֶ̣࣬ͻˡ
極ɷʲôˣ
ҶĿһ澺͹ɨóһ̵֧ͨΣݸ楡
ΧȻҵˣô˭Ѿأ
楽ӹΣ۲һ᣺ҵģ
ҶһͷӵūҶһȥѲ飬ֻǴĴһשҵġ
ҶܣȻ֧·֪ʲô˵¡
ǰŵˣ˭ģ
ԺĬһҶûĻ˭ģ
һɤӣװ˺ˡԼͬģǵĿ㼯ĳһ
߹ȥֱۣӽм˾˳Ĵ׳ֱܴӽϵǰ
ġ
楶̯ģ̵ӨӨ⣬ڳĹһӾϳ֧μֵء
δģ
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ĻңȻһʱ˷ϡɫҰף촽ţūū澡
ɱ˵ǹģź꣬ɴδôһ֧ӡ
һû˵ϣū֪ūֻһʱ̰ģֻŲһ軨ˡūһʱϣ´һء
ҷ߷ߵʲôСһ軨ˣ֪
ףҺ֧Ρ
Ҽ
Ҷû˵ƺʲôˡͻȻһ䣬ָ̧һ򣺡
˾˳ָķȥڿǰǸʱ𾪵
Ŵⲻκߵܰô
һ̣ϻø飬極һ㱼԰ҪʱͷϾʹ֧ӡ
С֧һͷǷƷһŮôõӣʹ͵İգ
֮⣬κҲѲ˸ϵ
ֻκϲˣԵ̫Էһѣ侮ʯ
楴΢ҶҪϸˡκŹ㣬֪ǳߵŮȻҲعصģԩ޳ôĻҵĻأ˵ǲǣκ
κ꼾ŭãȻ֪ôǣ˳֧ģôᵽϣҶôڿ˵ܰģ
ĵĿ£ֻ˴һƣһۡ
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ؿбһۣ׿˵֧˭͸ģ
ָܰͰ͵͡á֧ңвҲ˵ȥ
Ŷģ
ūŽᣬ͵͵ߵ÷룬һİŮסˡūһʼҲԥִ󷽣͡ʹӦˡΪ﷢ֲˣ˭֪
ҶЦȻΪǮƵǸðա
ˡͷأʡ
楾ֱߵܰǰ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ܰĵΣҡͷңĲҡ
޴룬ͨκǰҸֻ֪ôҵģҲԩ޳ûĻĻģҪΪ
κ꼻ðɣһƿܰ楣ʲô˼
̬ȻĿ֮£ҿظһ𣿡
κҧŴͻȻ뵽ʲôŭݺң
ͻȻЦˣݺݺģҰܰͷϵ𣿻ҷԸĹָܰΪ˲ϧ͵Ļ
һԺӵ˶ˡ
ʮѧʿȻ͵ģҲֹ²ʹͽ鱦ʹһ軨ʲô
Ҷ飬ö֮ĵͷǿʮѧʿǱ´͸ǹģ̫ӵģҲŵĻȥ̫ӵ£̫ӵܲΪ֮ܰѰգ
ϻʱʮѧʿƷеƷѰ˺þöѰԭõĹȻڹСҲǰ極ñϲ¶㣬͸㡣ԭһˮ¥̨أϧ
һ˵ţĿ¶ϧɨκһۡ
κ꼣
˭ܸô£ôܰĵ֤ݣĻ˵Ļ֮




335 ֮
 

κ֪ڸտΪҵʱ򣬾뵽⡣֮ԺʱҶٻˡ
ȻʮѧʿƷҪĽġҲ᲻û޿κΣֻܳ²ߡû˵ӦûܾȻ
楹⼤ŭκ꼣ܹ֮ȥ楻ٵ£ֵļΪҪִЩκͷϣ϶ǹܣֻץš˶һҵʱҶ˲κ꼷ϵıȱժĵһһУȻҲҶźõġ
ڹĶԽֱֱȥԽǻ˻ɣԽǹĨԽǻŲɡҶ極ķԸָܰܰκ꼵Ѿߣһһʹκ꼡
οܰһŮûҪ£ֻκָʹôġʵֻһʮѧʿҲʲô£ؼ軨͡
֮ɴСǱãһЦҼƽϡ鲻ã˵þͻǻķңʵۻشȴٳ谮楣極ˣпܻᱻʼ˻顣
κƽңκƽıãжôָңҲ楡
ҲǺǵģУֱӽĺĻʹˣᱻ˻飬ԺҲѼ޳ȥˡ
ôһ룬˰Ϊһ亹κ꼵ʮָӣη;衣
κ꼲Ȼɫָ楣㡭
ʧˣû뵽ѾͷĻôݺưͳԻп˵
κ֪ͼõֶβǵСѡκֻҪ۸˾УҲûбķͷҲˣЩթôҲֲ
ˣȻʦҲҰܡ
һ˫ˮ޹֤֤ڣκﻹڿѲΪǹĹͿԵߵǷǺڰڳô￴ţѵǶڰ𣿿λʶǳǰһݺ㣿
κ
˵Ĳ֤٣֤ȷȷʵʵģܰϣȫ˵Ļ
ӣƺҲϴˡ
һ̾ҾȰκ˴ˣΪ棬øһϢˡ£ٵ֮ҪϢأ
κŭɶƫƫ˵ϣĻţô죬ϴ
Ǻñ£ֶΣݺǴģҡҾҸû
楲ϲκɣ֤ڴˣҲܡʮѧʿͣ¹ش󡣼ȻκﲻǲһʥãȻκһо㿴Σ
ҷŲ㰤򣬼˲ɾý
κﲻǻ˵ҪѰ̫Ϊֹû̫ˣҲһġ
ǡǡκǷŭίһӿ޳Ƕ۸ң۸ҡ
˱ĵŮ֮˼ҿûпأίˣʲô
Ǻǣ˭˼κǧأ¶ֻˣ˳֮ʲô
ǰǿûޣҲûļ
κһ򽾺ԣﱻԩƫƫ޷֤ף˿ﻹбİ취
楴ǸһĨ޵΢ЦǷǣƫƫͲˡƽһҪıȡλκΪƽĸҲȻΪУҶǳ¡
κκ꼿ⳡҲʽʼˡ
Ȼһ衰͡ʮѧʿܺκҷֺκΪκŮԪҲΪһ軨ϳ楲Сʹ룬֪ȴ۸ġ
ôκ￼Ǻ𣿡極ҵˣӦý¸֪κˡ
κ޺۾ֹͣ˿
ʧȥ
κ֪ˣζκҲ֪Ȼո״Ǵηġ
ЦΪôڳ¾ס
κֻһһᣬߵǰɫ׼ȥûУ
ҶЦˣκ湻Եģϧﲻκңֲҫ
κȦͮͮģԲһᣬҶҪ뿪̵⣬㻹𣿡
楴ǳ˳ʮѧʿɲѰκȷҪң
κ齩Ӳҡңҵߣʮѧʿǻо𣿡
͵ģȻĲͬ極κ˲ϲϾɱȴҲһûʲôġκһһģһʮѧʿȻǺãǰ첻ҿǲȵģ˵ݼ£¡
κҧҧϾҪһģһģⲻǹ𣿡
ͣѾеİ취ˣκﲻͬ⣬Ҳû취
κĶţ֪Ͽʱգ
ˣ𣿡Ҷû
ҡ
ʱɵκʵھΪѣһһ취໥
κȲʣʲô취
Цᣬ̣ȴϼѤκһعڶɣΪ󣬲ɵʮѧʿʧұǷκΪΣ
عڶôȥκ꼺ܲԸʮѧʿû٣ܾȻƫƫ楻Ҫعڶɣ
һ楾ּƷòģ
楿ɫòκ￼ʱɲࡣ
κ˽սڻǺݺĵãҴӦ㡣졭Ҿ˰ѻ
ѣǺãڸϹκɲҪʳ԰
˵꣬һģֶ˶ϵΡԣھκ꼲Ҫʲôֽš
κŲٴȻ˵㻰ҲҪץŴ²š
Ȼһõġ˶٣ɨһΧˣҵˣһܱ֤ǲὫ´ȥλﶼǴҹ㣬˽ҽ
κɨһȦֵĹЦ𣿡
λͷȻȻ
κҿɲǺǵģһǴԣκ˵κͻᰵԸǵĸףʱҲʲôӹ
κ꼵ļҲͷȥҿˡǲݼҹҲŮʵûκ
κֿǼۣƺҪסǵ֡㣬޺޵һǵƣ
ԺһӼžܿ춼ȥˡ
֪ˣǾͲ֡ںˣմǷǣκκ꼾ͻỳɵͷϡ
ܿ죬ԺӾͿˣתͷ꣬ʮѧʿܾȻ𣿡
ΪϷᣬЦû˵ȻܾȻģľǡ
΢Цף鷳ˡ
̵ū澲ҵ
̫ӼȻ͵ǾֻΪӣ򲻸д
ʱԺҲȥˣתͷģĲȥͰա
ĸмĵлл
ԭԺͻȻߵҶҵһһżӡһʼΪԼ˴Ҫϳȥû뵽ȴǱһȻţӵϣúݣû뵽ô⡣
ºЦĵǸģϷ˿ɶˡ
楽Ųһ٣˵ҶֻѾߣԺ붫ֻ˵㡭
˼Ƭ̣極ңﵱգϸ
һ׹İա
ϻ߰˰ˣô¡ε̾˿Ҳƭˣҿҵ취κҪĳҲɡֻʮѧʿ֣֮ô̫ӿ֪
Цܿͻ֪ˡҪúúģʮѧʿɴһƬ⡣
ϻöʱȻνȻҲǼٵˡ
κΪὫ´ȥô˵һҲᴫȥò極˼ȫð֮ﻹȫˣöԷпԡ
ʮѧʿۣعڶҲǿҳա極
ϻЦκعڶ͹Ҫ֪ͨңҲҪʶһ
Ȼ
˵һỰֻصϡ
ʱֲЦ̣ƱյܿϼҲȥˡҪھ㣬ȨǲģӦز٣һϼ˺סǱʹϻʺȣѾˡҲǵ˾֪ܳɹѣǼгȣС
ΪˣҪдˣܿ죬ľƮԶˡ
׿ĲɵģƺѰʲôӣ϶Ǳء
䣺֪Ҳź϶羴˾ơ
ǹʲô
㡣һԣ㡣
楺ϻøҪã˺ܿһ
Խ⣺ӣﲻӦﰡﶼЩӡ
ԣִͷ̾˿
Цˣӣ㵽ôˣ
㲻
ӡСߣұһ꣬ôῴ˼أ
ˡ
׸ȥȥ
ȥȥ̫ӡвڣУÿᵽĽӲĳƺ̫ӡ
װֹӿɡ̫ӣôأ
䡴һ·ĸ壬һĽ˵ʲôʲô׽û
Ľһ·߹ȥ
ͻȻѽһʲôײˡ
һƣǸŷɫȹС
ֻһֵۣǸ
ʵⲢĴòȿڵǸ˴ƧɫˣҲֹֻҡ
Сգһ˫鶯۾ͻȻʲô֣
ûֱǰС
ŮСûȥˣȻ˺ʹҪżˡ
ѽҵһԶЩ棬Ĵ
ŮȰ˵ˣڱ˼ͲܣᱻЦġ
Сﲻ鲻ԸǺðգͦġ




336 ״
 

κ꼻һ·صϣ·ٺкĹһ˼ҡ
Ѧһ㣬ȴ߹Цӯӯϣκôˣ
κ꼶סŲǿЦ¡
Ѧ粻ɫĴԶǷ羰κҪҪȥһߣ
κæˣҲŸջЩˡ
Ѧûǿ󣬵ͷˣҾˡ
Ѧ磬κЦ̧ȥǰ档
԰ͤٷһ˵˵ЦЦκһ۾ϳκˣԸܰȥĸ
ܰǾδһ£Ͻǡ
κȻߣҲЩСҲκ÷֮κվȽŸΪκӡΪŮţֻһŮ谮ľκ꼣СҪǲֻҪκƲƲһľˡö֮κŰӣҲֻŰ衣
ԣֻ˵ֶΣ޼ƿʩֻޡ
ڣȻκ˸״ġ
ܰҴκ˶˵ʲôκһλ˸뿪
һߣȺоۿ˶Ʋڳ˶κ˳ãȴҪΪκˡ
κ˲֪ЩôΥĳЦֻŮ
ܿ죬ܰһϡٵӻ֡
ʱֵʢģӻ͵㣬ֻ֦ҶڵͶƬ
κ˶ŮĹ޾ϸһ۾Ϳһ·æӿ˽ŲµĴ꼶ôˣ
κ꼺òѹµһӿ˵κ˻ҪΪء
κ˽§סκ꼣ٿܰôչ˹ģôɱ۸
ֱֱܰ򵹣ū澴ˣûչ˺ùùﱻԩ
ԩκüͷ𣬡ô£
ܰκһ֧֧ᡣ
ʵ˵κθʶ棬µġ
سһ˲ֻܰܽг
˵ʲôκţκ꼣ȥҹ鷳ˣ
κ꼰ûַŭͷӣұ˼䣬һʱߣ͡
κ˲ŮҲǺ˵ǸԶһ㣬ɲʲô֮ˡ
κС粵˵Ҳе楼޽ͻĸȨһλÿˡ̫˵ӣ̫֮λҲȹˡ
κɫ΢䣬֪κ˵Ĳ̫ȢŮһ˵ӣƽλ͸ˡ
ˣҲȥ鷳Ҫ㱻ʹˡˣ˳Ҳ̫λء
κ꼱죺֪ôҲùԩҰ˶֣ƾʲôҡûͱˣҪŮﲻɣŮмܲסֻʱ䣬ȼⰲ
κ˰νİ𣬻Ӧعڶ͹ȥ
һô죬֤֤СѵϴҾϴ𣿡
κȻˡ
ǰʱϴûбİ취һһݣ鴫˾֪κ꼵Ҳˣ˵ᱻ³ͷ
κ˷ǿƽһСѾͷһ͵Ȼ˼ǰƻߣ˲¶࣡
κκ˵½ǣ˵ҸôأѵҪͷ𣿡
Ҳ֪ôء
κѵŮ۸ûôЦŮģΪŮָʹ˻͵ĻŮԩˣﻹΪұ𡣡
κۼˣϽţôװίأģ취Ϊڶġ
˶κˣﲻǱţŮȻơ۸ʵʲ
˼һκ꼵֣ߣȥĸ
ˣȻԸһʮСѾͷ
κŮȥ̫Ǳߴֻ˵岻ȻظˣȻκ꼴Ҵҽ˹

д۵ţʮŮü˳۵һԡһһӰӰ´µӰڹϣмŮΪ簴ȡ
һŮƿȥκ˴κ
κ۾ɫա
˵ţվŮΪȹڣƿ
κĸŮѾˣһ̧ͷͿȹڵϾϸָѹѹķΧƣѾӵĸףӯģûκκۼ
Сӣһֱ־壬ȴ˵¡ǰôεСôڿһ˿Ӱӣ
һţһκ꼸κ
κաضκ˿
һµŮ£к˰ʹ
κĸŮлŸô˵⡣
κЦЦɩôʱˣԶɢô
κ˻飬ЦҺ꼶ǴϹġ
κ䲻ġŶһ
κģЦЩӲԭǲþģֻ̫
κ̫˽ɩˣúӣɩлֱ˵ա
κͷһæǡ
һ˲ҷȫ֪κ֪κǸˣҲҰκκֵ꼶ȷ嶯ˣ޹ﾪʹֱֶݺ꼶Ҳʵ֡꼶ֱʣʶЩıƣֻҷ䣬Ϊ꼶ָ
κһʱԣĸŮ
κһҪڣκЦһָ
Ը꼶ҲǲκУСô˵κѫһҲĳ㿴ϣҲ꼶ѵκһһСѾͷ𣿡
κʱЦݣɩӣ˵úý̵꼶ȴԷ硣ڴ˻ղ˳ңΪҺרΪʰ̯ӵ𣿡
κɫһףЩţ꼶С
κһЦǴЩױɩΪ˵ܸıʵȻ˾ͻؼ˼ǰߣҸֹʲô£ߣΪֹԹʩѹѾͷǱҪŵˣҪΪ楣±²𣿡
κ꼵䣬ֲҿ޳ֻܳӽѹơ
κһѵ꼶ͽίȥֻһôߡ
κƲɩӣССԡȡȱҷ˲һأ˵еСûдǻۣһ¾ͻţκ꼵£κͺƵġ
ǿΪκ˼Ůķϣκ취ΪκѡҹŮˡ
ȲżšκҪҡ
κʲκǰұ¶˿ǹǧֻǸôܱȵ
κһۣƵĵǲ⣬ȥҴּѾˡ
κƬּ̣
ǰʥּ
㣬κ¶Ȼ飬ЩΪ⣺չأŮǲ˳ٲʥ裬ŮҲΪ𣿡
κϣǿ
κ˺ðûӦĬòŷɬ
κ꼴ľ漴ӿļʡ
һ˵㹫֮ŮҲֻһŮƸΪ
̫λãǿ֮λʵʵƫ̫
²ϲ˳ȴǸѦ֮λͬõŮˣжԻΡκ˿ʵ۶ҵƫ̻
֪Ϊβ˰գ
κһл̻塣
˵ţκʹ˸ɫ
κۿﻹ⣬Ӭ꼶֪ˣĸҪ꼶
κÿɷ񣺡ˣȻȥա
κĸŮߺضһյ裬Ϊκż򣺡κҲһʱߡ
κЦһûѾǵһˣΪˡ
ضһĲգֹ
κƳһۣлֱ˵
ضЦЦȷ鷳˵Ҳʵ붫
κĦŲյϻƣЦ䣺ԭΪǸͨŮû뵽ļƣȻ̫ӵĵ۰򡣡
ؼǣһʮСѾͷͷ
̫ͲڣʺҲŶ꣬ΪλߵӣһֱΪ󹬡˰ݼԪۣ˭ϥЩӹĸҪɫ棿
̫ӻˣ̫ǰ㲻ʲô˵ǳʵҲǸ檶ѡò̫ӿݶͿˣȫԶŴĿ²̨
̫ҲͰˣϾǻʵ۵ĵӣһʲôһСѾͷһ뵽Ҫ񣬻ᱻ߹Ȩκͺޡ񷨹ؾˣ̫˳ģô죿
ץӵķ֣˵Ϊʲôϻôˡãòã޵ĻϵĵһͱΪ̫ӣ·ѾĻıš
˵飬ǶҲͰˣƫƫΨһĵطһˣ˶꣬ôܲ˼أ
Ԫ۾ʲôĴˣ򲻻Ȼλ꣬Ҳ๫
֮֮Ԫ۾ˡ
䰮ݻʺ󣬾ͻᰮĽ̻ݼңǧټĽôҵͻᰮݼڣ谮uˡ
ͬģϲκϲ󹬵ŮˣںκҺκû֪֮ҪϲĶλҪκҡ
κ֪Ԫ۶ݻʺĸ飬κҵȴְֺޡ
ضһҽӻ
κŻȴŵԳһЦ
ԪѾûˣӦ˵̤󹬡ţ֪ø˻ǸԹޡ
˭Ҳ޷Ԫ۵ģΪĸںκŮϡ
κվһ㣺ݻʺΪʲôô꣬겻ɢأ
*
뺨֮ʣͻȻž
˲֮ʱǰѾÿһ̴ܿ죬ۼϳΪ׵ʯͽ򹫹ּġ
ѵԪۻʲôʹͣ
źģ߹ȥơ䡵ϢҲϵˣ򹫹Цʵүλأ




337 ƽ
 

ּ֮󣬳һɼž˵ǹŹ֣ԼͬĿuãѰʲôر֮
Ԫ۵ŮҲûĲ֮ͬ˰գôԪۿأ˭ôõĴ
򹫹һʥּuϣЦλּˣūҲûȥˡ
γѣ˵ۡ
楸˿ֻǽѣҪ붫u˳ƽķţǷϾӴ󾰵̫һӱͨŮһ˫ŮνԪ۸ƽķţΪ˰ҲΪ˲ҪǣԪ۽˸ˣuŵˣ˭Ϊݷǲʵۡ
ֻҪuԸ⣬ԾɿԼ޸ӵޡ
ﷺᣬͬʱҲšҼʥŨ̫ӵ壬ܺҳϹϵܸٺô
Ҳˡ˵ʵԭûһ£û뵽ڽԪ˸ʥּҲǿ
ɫʥּóģζӳ£uҲˡ
uοʥּԪ۶ıӣӽԺûٸǴ̫Ҳû˸ҹȻ޹ˡһӣҲЩ
̫ʹˣ̬Ȼʹ˸ɫֻ⣬Цŵͷˣ³յ߰ա
򹫹Цеͷ
˵ţҪǡ
򹫹ȥһɰ򹫹Ҳûƴǣǰ¡
μĲоϵˣиλӡƽĽվһѵܹģ
ƽƳһǰõӰЦһӲλĽݹͷһݣĺϲùŮ
Ľü۵ǸʵĶ䡣
бһۺ󷽣Ц⣺Ľݹô๫˭ҲȲûùڸĵλ
Ľ񴽱߸һĨǳЦһͻùøã֪𣿡
󣬵ע߶Ѧȴˣء
楱ͻ̫ҲͰˣȻ˿ţѹһͷԭţֻҪûоٰ飬û뺣楾ͲʼҶϱôͿö֮Ϊ楡
楳˿ƾʲôѹأ
зʵĿĽһۣ˦ȥ
ŮæϣҪȥ
ѦͷҲأȻع
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裬ڵסӰӡ楽ߵ鷢Цݸֱʣ
ĽЦ˸һˣʱͶԻùô֮ģķҲЩ
ߣԪ͵۸楿֮λȻԸ·磬ԵСȲϿ͵ۡ
Ľ˵͵Ϊɱ楸ĸƸ֮ŮţԪԾŭⲻѡš
Цû뵽ûʵۣȻȤһ档
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һʮѧʿ˵ˡ
ȻͿɫЩæ˵ܾȻҵʱҲ޼ƿʩų²ߡߣκ꼾ͻعںɶҲܳʮѧʿʧ
Ľ֪Ҳ֮²ѵÿżⶺŪܱȵùʮѧʿ𣿡
ȻȲǿġЦ绨
Ľ˫ļϣĿתĶ楣Ҳˡ
楴˳۽գţҪʲô㣿
Ҫúһ롣Ľϲսߵɲܾܾ
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Ľ޹һʲôֵ£
ѵգҪ˵ʲôҹˣ̫˽ȥȰá
˵꣬Ͻ˵һȥת
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ĽĿ磬Զȥת߿
㣬Ų
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ĽһͷһϮɫ۵䡡վԭأŶԷ
Ŀԣ˶ûڡĽӻ֣Ԫˡ
䡹һ񣺡̫ӵ¡
ĽµĿͷֱð
㣬̽ŵ磿
ĽĿ⺬ЦЦ
ԥһᣬ䡺ݺģЦ΢΢Σ򡣡
Ľˣֶһ˫۾ѩڵȪ峺ףصӳӰӣϸ΢ıҲӰС
ʲô£
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ˣ
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Ľ񲢲⣺㲻ģߣΣա
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䡼ֻһӣұ鹡
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ܺӣǴģ
ǹ˸Ժ۸ҽ㣬ҾͰѽߡ
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δ˵䡵ģû˵ҲǱġ
죺л
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ĽͻȻһࣺ䡣ȻҪеΣͲܸ£ϸһ˵Ļ
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ϲǱԹһͨö첻ֱóСϲЦտ
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įȴǿջЦֱ뿪ûһֱεˡ
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Ժ붫ܳĸŮ氢һֱ𣿡
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֪ľɥʧ䣬ĬĬס֡
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ǲĴӣԥ˺þòŵ֪һƬģ˵֮𡣾ĽݹĻʵۣҲŮ޸һûйˣοϳݣ֮ûкý
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ЦЦһһա
Ҳֻӡ
ʻһΪ¸󡱵ľ¥Ըͣ¡
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ۿһȣá
ǰȻĸӲܳ裬ȴҲʹչˣʲôҪΪ
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ܿ죬ͻˣƿӳЦЦ
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ʱ·ϵ˲ûм٣¥Ѿ˵ƻ𣬽»ĹȺڽϣ·ϲͣ
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ֻҪһתͷͿԿķ羰
ʱһԶһźɫ۵һƥ۶𣬲Զá
үǻظʵ
ޱ飺ظҪȥ¸磿
ڨڨһЦȥԾƣⲻһ𡣡
ӵƳһۣ˵ˣӵĲظ֪ң˾ǡ
ŶСļסˡ
֪뵽ʲôͷһʻһţҲһƮ
ٶȣӵү
Ӱҡͷһɫˣˡ
ޣظա




338 ݼҵŮ
 

صѾ
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Ǿһѫۡۡһ㣬ֻǸׯ¡
˿Ϥ߼۶̴򿪴ӭ
үˡ
סͷ޶ӡ
ھУſ۴䣬ͷڣԵĸӸߴͦΣɫӳ£ϡɼʱĿʣǸ佫ȴһšߵСѾ߼ˣĺ
ֻϧүФġôүȢޣҲû檣Ϸ˿ͼ˹ȥҲүˡû˼ģȴүˡö֮ϷҲֲˡ
·ϣͱһŮסүϷȥá
ûж࿴һۣͷȥ
̴㣬ַű󿪣紵һЩ
Ϸ˿һ̴ľСתŷ飬Ų۾
ˡ
˷ϸ΢Ļҳ߽һ񣺡ĸס
Ϸһָ棺ա
ӹСѾ߷ϵĲ裬ȴǵˮմ֪ĸ׻Ϊ£
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ЦЦĸ˵ǡµľϷ׵£ѾûҪˡ
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ĸף㲻˵ٲִ𣿡
Ϸ˰ѲյظСϣ˵ٲ֣Ѳɻһ룿֪֪ǲТ
ЦĸףӲʧˡӵʬǶزĽݹӴӦȢ
ˣ⻰Ķ䶼ˡΪо֮ƾΥָĸܾ֮Ȣ޲ΪҴ𣬾͸øϳš
ĸײҿ֮¡
ϷҡͷѾûˣ㻹Ǹŵʲô壿
ĬһᣬԵԼģȢһϲŮӣӲ֪һôȥ
Ϸ̾˿һǾ仰Ȣӵġֵ׳꣬ʱ̳˵ġ
̧ͷһ˿ĸףǻж𣿡
Ϸ˲ΪȻײֵͬܣʼոһġߣҿǸܻǼֶƽӹΪڣôھ˹άҽϣҿǲĵġ
˵˴ͻȻסˣԣȢӣǻ۸Ӱգ
ĸ
ǴδйϣͲʧĽʲӵбеһСϣֱջأͻתΪԹ޺Ͳʣ뾡һа취ȡ˵Ķ
ϷһȻİǡôڵ̷ңТң˵׻ΪľλǶһƷҲͰˣƫƫһӪǴҲ֪һʸʼңкͻۼҸմǵ𣿱㣬ǵΪһֻ۱һֻۣ㲻ˣʼһŹǼ𣿻ǼֶӣҲһġ㻹أһҵˣҶˣǻȥ
һ˵ӵˣѡֵй̸ӣ֮󣬾λȻǹӵġڲụ̂˾λǵܵϮĴӳϮλ˳ġ
ṇ̀һ̵ͬܵһ֦ûͬܵܣֻܹܵĶӡճǲ̸ܹ˵ģֻܴӵܵܵѡ
ּ̳мҵİ취ѡļ̳ȴһ
ҲѹҶڲͿʼˡ
Ϸ˵ƴƴȥӴļҵһȺɣ˵ʵҲġǶ̹ȻΪһǰ;Ҳ⽫ҽǡһӪӪƫƫʵǲİУʲôӡ
˼һᣬС˲⣬Ի㴿ƣ
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Ȼҵţ֪Ҷʲô£ڴ󾰵ʱͱˣΨһĶҲˣֻһŮϷߡ
Ϸζ徻ˣʧȥһӣҲֵǽֻҪãҶүϷء
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Ϸ˵һۣ㻹ǳسô¶ԴӴ󾰵ҡϼҡͼﲻ֪˰ҵļҵ׶һ֮»𣿡
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ϷһҰײˡ
Ц֪ĸΪҺá
Ϸһ˵һϷˣ׳ʿľġ
ЦϷ˱Թ
϶ҵ밲ﰵݸȻ¡ĸŮߣ޸ͨӵǶȻ⣬ͷҪԹҡѾסһ޸ƽѵҪڶεΣ˵ŮҪĸĿҲԸ˰
΢΢šüգʵסȥ
˵ŻŮ棺Ϸˣˡ
Ϸ˰ڰ֣Ȼȥա
񣺡Ӹˡ
ճţͺһӣɫȹŮ˸档
ҴݸȻĵŮΪΨһŮߵ˶߿һۡ
ŽҪȥΪϷûȥҲμᡣ
󲮸ݸȻɵʩһ
΢Цףĸ棬ȥա
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ʵʱ꣬ͼǲ˵òֻǾһƳļ£һ߾ͻʲô
վˣôܻôţôء
Ѧҳ͵˳
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Աʹ˸ɫҡҡͷ
Ѧ粻ȥȴֲԼ䣬ֻ԰Ĵ߶
԰һƬƬĺʢҡҷѦĲɵĶ֪ôǰĺĻûһ˵ô޶Ŀڳڶ㶼ȥˡ
еĺɽӿóıӺݺݳȥµĻ䷢ҵİƮڵأòȱȫȴһ޵С
ŮһҵȰ裺ˣǹϲĻ
ԣѦֹͣݺݰѱڵϡ̲ڲлϲ˼š
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Ѧ縩ĮܲѩŻĸϲĻȥʮӰա
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Уһֻèɱһ˸ء
Ůڵϣɸȴҷǣ
Ѧԭ·أǡüӴ˳Ժ߳Ĵݰף縵ۡǵ̫СˣһѦ֮ͬ
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һɫıɴӣ¶ѩ׵ļͷɫĵЎӣбϣκңԽ㼡
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԰ꡣ˳££ϵı¸մͻ飬ͼĶԸ楣±²𣿡
ʵ޷ܡĸףû̫Ӷ楶á
˳ָ𣺡ΣҲҪźá
ĸףа취ѦһС
Ȳȵȿ

һӳλһ̫ע֤Ԫ۶ҵĶ裬˵Ұݷãҽȥͻ棬楾ܾˡ
uϰӼȻҲԸ׳
һգȴǴ楼ȥݷ
ȻҾټǨ㾩ػڴ󾰡ȻܶµλˣҪŵĽݹ¹
ĽݹȻҪһ¡̫ʹˣԶУ䡴żȥӦõġ
ԴĽݹδھúһһ缸˾ͳˣһ·ͣ˷ܵˡ
ƿӣ۾ʢϸĹ⣺ͣ¡
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һָǰǡݸ󡯣˵Ǿõ֬ˮӣҪȥҪһơ˵ţЦЦĸ˵ˣľˣӡ
uҡͷʧЦԸͣ¡
һͬһ߽ͬݸ
濺ݸϰѯʲô⿴ʮָȤֻͼʰˡ
һ𣺡塣
ʶͷȴһ¹ЦŽסԱߵŮӡ
楰ЦԭǸҲһyu֡
תĿ⣬俴Ůӵ΢΢ȡǱˣϼݼҹ
ɣҲ楣һ£΢Цף
¹գգ۾Ҳ֬ˮ𣿡
ף˳·һơ
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楺ݹﶼһȻЦ
ݹҼҲһyu֡
Ǻɡ
¹Ц֪Ƿݴyuͬ
ݹ󷽷ҼʶĹ
˵ţ˵Լ֡
Ȼԭ塣




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зһ˿΢ĸоҶͻҹϵǳ׼ȷ˵Ǻ̫ӹϵǳֶǼĳŮƫƫﶼһyu֡
֪ô뵽Ĵԡڴûǰ˶ĬݼŮΪ̫ݼҴˡ
˵ʵէЩԣЩ˵ģϲĽֺͱŮӳϹϵ
ǰŮӣĶ˾ֶׯ֮סټϴϣ˶һ߿֣Ψվ˵ɼǸĵŮӡοݼĽңڹ˽嶼ֵýύġ
˼ˣ楰Цˣô㡰СЩԣĽ岻Ϥ
¹ڴЦ㣬ͳԵء
Цһۣ極λѦҶѦ΢硣
uһۣһĨ㵡ֻ֪˳޽Ѧңȴ֪Ѧ绹иá
λѦﲻ˳
ʣȻֱѯ˼ңuֻ΢Цף
Ѧ΢Цü䣺֪λҪȥδҺ㡣
u΢ЦǴȥݷķˡ
իҲܺóԡѦ΢档
һ˵Եģ۵תͷիܺóԣ
Ѧ΢ȣʧЦģǿԳһ
קקuӣ㣬ʱ£ø÷ʱء
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صͷԸѾ߽ˣ㣬߰ա
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ԥһ£廹ǲܾ̾Ҫ󣬵á
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ӭŷſֱۣ۾һЦݻڸϴƵûţҪ߶ź
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ʱ˲߹ȥǵһ£Ǿ档
ҿΪ·Ѧ΢Ըµ
ûоܾĺ⣬Цл
ɽˮƣ羰续ÿ˴ݷﲻǻʼԺĹ˸ࡣ
Ǹӳˣһ·ֻǹͷ羰δѦ΢һãȤͶܿ浽һȥˣǰ棬֪˵Щʲô
ʵ£뿴ĵõɮ֦ʹѦժһƬҶӣ˵λõɮֵʦܣôһֱķ֪ôͻȻˡ
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ǿʦѦ΢תͷһ˫ۺڰ׷Ҳ𣿡
и룬ʦʹµĿʦͬһˣûǴĽЩ顣뵱ĽΪƻѺ͵ĻԼ˿ʦϷ˵ѣƭ̫˺ˣ˵楺ѺͰֲϡ
뵽ĽΪ£۾Ц
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Ѧ΢Це˵ʦǩˣҵһԡ
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ӭȥİӰߣʹӲֹס˽Ų
u濡䡺һҲͰˣ˭Ҽ˵ЦʶѾõѡ
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˵ţĿϵʱ
ĽһϮ°ɫۣ楽Ҳһŵȹϸһƣŷ͸ŵӺȹİƣ͵էһǺĽ·á
Զһ»ɣһ纣ʢţȻͬʣȴںһû˿Υ͡
uԼµĽµĿģɿĿһۣҺͰҪȥݼĸס
ĽȻǹȥ䡸ں棬˹֡
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һ忪ڵǵûб£͸ˡ
Ľһ楣ûע⵽ǡ⻰ӦλԱǡ
ˣǰŮҵŮݹϵıá
Ѧ΢˿û뵽̫ӵ£Ǹӡ
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ԪͷҲĴɻ󡣵ӣȻֱ˼ҹ
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Цڿ֣ú˵ˡ
ȻֻǼ֮ԵԿǸׯĴҹ㣬Ϊ̫֣ԻᱻһЩΪǹߣʵǸ֮ˡ
Ѧ΢ѦҶѦҶģ




340 Ѧҵ
 

ĽѦֻһ
΢Ѧ΢ǡ
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üһҵˣ
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ҲǾЦһֱɱˣʬ嶼˳ŵúء
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ҪĥҪռӵλøһһñӣǶѦ˵裬ʹ졣
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ĽЦԲ̵ܽѦŮ
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Ľһ˫۾̶ַź⣺˳˹ݺѦǸĶӣʲô̵ģݼҺεŵڣûҪǡ
âУ˳ûб¶裬ѦҲʽ΢˼һŰŮͽء
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Ǽ˵𣿡
ûûСŹȥ೤ʱ䣬ôܲ
Ѧ֮һƣ㣡




341 
 

Ѧ֮⸱ģȻǲɲߣһ·ؼҡ
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ѦԲţζЦЦ¿ɷʲôر𣿡
Ѧ΢ûУһͻˡʱ뿤һ·
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˳Цǧģû޹ȥأͰһ̫ԳҲı¡
ŮҪˣ㻹Ц̫ӣԴ֣ĸ׾ȻҪŹ
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ߣ˳ǳģһΣеڶΣܲܶһӡ󷽷ǰȥԼÿҪʲô۶ӡ
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˱Ůȥ͵ݣ·滨ݣҷ˱ǣ˱;ۼ֮أǽССĲյ϶Ƕ
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ѦãǲԼı֡
аޣϹˣĸţǱõڲżһ棬ЩҲ֮СĸǽӢۣһֱĽĸĸֻϧ
˵˴̾˿ˮתһģ
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˵꣬źۼĿһۣΡ
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ѦһĨ𺣬ȵסu֣һˣͲػҡ˰ա
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ѦЦˣڻسϣĸȻ˱㣬ȴû˵ϻһֱǡǣǾһۣһ顣
˵ĵǹûʣ楾˳ŵĴɱ֡ߣ˳飬ڻس󣬾ͻͣڵȵڣα˭
ڳĶ˾Ȼ˼֮İӿཻ˸񣬼˵Ц
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ѦŵŮĸȥδˣ
Ůҡͷū澲֪
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ŮĿɿڴŮӣ
uȴĿһѵߣúܲ뿪ڣ楽ӹȥˣȻôߴ١ǵһϷ羰ʵĿͽȥһĸˣͷǲŮȥ֪ǣԻǰݻᡣ
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ᣬ˼Ĺƻ󣺡ͶֻҪܵõôΪ˭²һ𣿡
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Ѧ΢˿ҾͺáֻǼ֪˭ߴ㣿ɴڶҵģŵҼҹû˯þ
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ôһ룬Ǽ΢С£ҲЩ档
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¿˿uȥ㣬ȥ߰ա




343 ϴ
 

̶صѦǰֵ̹Ȼ

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̶սսϳūˡ
ϻҵȻ֪Ϊϳңλȥ
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κ꼼ֱţЩǴ˵ġͱˣݺعںɶװɿݴȵģ
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345 Ǹ
 

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346 Сʹ
 

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348 ֮Լ
 

ĽùɴСĲϣרע
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349 
 

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350 ֮
 

ĺɫĺϣԺƻͨſѾ߷ԣȴϢµҲʵʵﲻˡ
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ԭu棬ôͬ޽ңôҵٱ楴Ȥ㲻ˡ




351 
 

Ȣ޲һӵھ˼Һ䶯ϾڰĿкټŵΪȢ¼˲˵ĺøСͻȻδˣ˶ʶһµʲôôꡣǱĺܺã˵ͨգǻ׹ҲԵÿ
һʱ䣬δ޵Ĺ¹Ϊʱ꣬ճɾΪһμѻ˸ıϷӣǼ겻İ顣
˶Դ֮ԱǣȻصƿվǸλȨصĽΪһŮôֱ꣬ǿЦŮӴĽһİԼҲˡ
ƺܼؾͶ˴֮գһ١ܿ죬ǾҪ޽ҡ
żֱĳЩ˴ֲ
ƽ
ƽ鰸ǰܲˣҲҳ
ôµģδޣûв鵽𣿡ƽԽԽȻ鰸ϵıīֽɨڵأôˣھǾȻҪкã
Ｘ˽ľս
ʧְ𷣡
ƽŭЦôҪѶϢǡ
˱۾ǳ
˶һۣϽȥˡ
˶ȥĻǫСĵȰ˵£ѳɶ֣޿ɸģϢŭȹʱ취ƾδɡ
ƽŭ棬ƹ鰸߹ȥʱ䣿Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ѵ㲻֪Ѿ׼κҶֻٵȣҪûˡ
ǫҡҡͷµȷ⧲ǸͻȻֵĶǼ٣ֻҪϷ˳ϵģҵĳӡⲽ塭
ƽЦһȺӹµ֮Ϊ£ôǼ˵ʾã
ǲæûϣҵľλҲˣҪĴõİ취ԭ˶ȢݸȻΪƫƫϷ˲ʶ̧٣
Ǹƥľͷ𣬸
ǫ㣿
ôģŴӣֶʲô취
ǫЦЦҹ˵ǹŮȴŮ˵ʵΪƽȷǸˣκҲʵίκҳӻع飬ǱȶλмֵĶࡣ
ƽһ
˼ǣκ꼼޸Ķӣ
£⣬ҾҪˡ
ƽȨһͬ⡣
ǫоէ֣£ҪһŻкܶ취һҪȾ˫ĸͬ⡣
ƽĶˣЩǣһ²ɣұ¶Ƕǲ
ǫʮţһоСһԾΪѫӣжĻ˵ֻҪʹøСС˼ܹԹ̤塣󷿾ôһӣİŮֻҪǿסΪ𣿡
ƽΪȻҲãһҵ꣬ҺѫĶȫ˽⣬ܱܹһһ𣿰ĶУɱȶǼмֵˡ
ǫּһѲ񣺡²Ҫˣ̫ӵ֧߻ݼҺңϼҺҹϵܺãټ̫ڴ꣬ҲϼҲܱ̫£
ƽɫ䡣ݼҡѾ̫ǿ֧ߣϼҺҾҲվ̫Ǳߡ
ڼͼҡһ뵽Ǹѱļоһβֱ˲
ڼк̫ӲȻΪЧҲͶ̫ӡ
ס˼Ƭ̵ݼҺҵĹϵҲǼ᲻ɴݵİգ
˵ˣǰûȥͣû죬楺ϻþȥݼ͡ѵݼҺҵĹϵô
ǫЦ˲ƽ˼ЦֻҪģι̵ĹϵҲ߽⡣ݼҺΪ̫ӲܾϺȡΪ̫ݼҵķڷͬݣ̫ƫ̻˭ȫ˽ģȵ̫ӵǻҶȻ಻ϵϣβƣʵһ
뵽ģʺγ벻
ǫ´Ժ⣿
ƽתͷкīǰã䡽ּȥУûͬ⡣
ǫ۾һûͬ⣿
ǰ˵˲ã᲻ôߡ˿ڣȥС楺̫Ӵ飬Ϳ쵽ʱˣߡ
ʵ˵ôҲҪȵԪںԪʱ䡣
ƽüͷ֪´˾ٺ⣿
ǫͻȻ뵽ʲôѿڵøݼҺ
ȷֻҪͲص̫ӺԺˡ
ݼŮټ޵ϼҡǫĿȻ£Ӳ
ƽͷ̾ʰʣҪƵ·𣿡
*
һ磬ӣҲҪ
ֻǣδ˻ɣװʶǺͰ
˰ʱ֣ŵƽʣｻĴϲڸƱյַǷټլԺȻԵЩӵ
楿Żţϲáԭǰȥմ֣ȴǸȥУֻһ䡰ɡһ˾ͱ·߸Ů
˶δıʲôģһŰ˸ȥ·ӡ
̧ͷҡͷЦ
ôˣ
һʢĻ񣬲֪öĽ
ĸӣǸ˼ңĶˣ޲Ѹ£ŮˡĶ̧ŷļױʵ˴۽磬һ·һ·Ǯǻλ˵۾һֱſڲȥ
ųΣؼҶԳǵӣһƬ⣬ǶŮġ
Цȵ̫ӵ´飬Ȼʢ󡢸֡
極Ц
ͷͻȻԱ߶һӰӣתͷһƣ֪ʱߵߡ
Ŀԣ𴽽ǣǲǸýˣ
ǰһٷһ˫һʹ˸ĲɷֻȴûǰķŵԽˣüȾ˼ꡣ
һЦ˶УϲԺһ
Ŀǰһν£Ѿ֪ʲôʱˡ
صڶߣ˵ڸǣȴУַ·
ĬȻãתӣôͬң֪ζʲô
ûлת·ķ򣺡ǶĸһƬġ
˶𣿡
Ȼĸ׶Щ䵭ҿóǸ˵ģֻΪǰĹΪңžܾЦЦȻҲ˽ĵġ
һ˫ǹڣ˽ģΪҵٻ㲻ˡ
ֱԲ䣬෴ʲôʣŲ硣
ʵֻҪңǲΪٻûж𡣻ߣ԰Ѵµһס
۲ӹȥף
ףΪĸףԽһѪԵϵĶӣ̳һСǣұı£ңסңҪϽٲľء
ǲĶ
֪ʵˣ
ЦȻѲ鵽ȻѡӣҲʵҵϡ
Ӧ˳ȫĸ׺Ϊʲô
֣ӹƮһƬҶӣ֪ѫӵ뿼ƾ٣ͯţֱӲμǡ
楾ȣ뿼ƾ٣Ǿ֪ѫӵҪ;Բͨƾٵġ
ЦܿУȻֻǽ˵мֵġϾұһֻȸҷ֦ͷ˷ˡ
Ҳuǰŵĸˣñ˶ۿ
֪ǰķһװģʵҲʴӱĲȻҲôСסˡ
Ҳûǲǣ
΢΢һЦǡ
ûu£ܼܲԼ
ȻҴھһ磬Ϸ˶ȻϣЩȢӣΪҴҶ԰жҲ֪ܲܶס
楡u楣ͻȻ˰ͣ½Ų
ǰ㡣˵ţƳ˰һۡ
һЩվֻܵһİˣʩһuȻЦЦһ
һ̣ʧˣؼֻʣˡżҹըһѤ̻ͬһʯͷͶףҳ޴ˮ
촽˶Ҫڣ˵ӣϷȥ
û˵ڵĻ˺ֻ·ա
Χڶ쳹ҹգɫĳǰӹһ±
㣬ȥ𴦰ա極
uЦЦá
ûжʲô˵Ͱ֮£Թ߿Ҳ޷Ǹ
һ˳԰ϷӣϳϷˡϷ̨ǰߵ¥ϣΧ˿Ϸıͣһ߳Ծһ̸Цò֡
ϻϷģһ۾Ϳ楣֣楺u˵һȥˡټķ˹ֻǿá
żϯλݼҽĿഥ楳ǵͷʾ⣬
䡶ҲˣͶһ楴ӣǰӰܶ




352 󾰳
 

ϻȵһû˵԰еƻ貣΢΢
ֻ˵һ䣬΢΢һЦǰϷ̨
ʱͻȻһȲһźҹ£̰Ǯùȥ
֪һʲôϷ
ǡãһҲϲϷ
һƳͿһɫȹŮұߵϯλϣȹò˴ƬҩͷǶ꺮ͷǶ
Ѧ硣
ưĿǰ·˶С
˳Ϸ£Ѿ˾ÿ䡣й˳ȥ󾰴ɱ極£Ȼû֤ݣҲû˶ŽɣѦ˲
ԼͬģЩﶼĬĬԶһδ̫³谮ŮһǲϲĹ֮ŮԴ֪վıߡ
Ѧ治ɫȴŭգʵ벻ףôУ
ߴɫȹģ֮ǰϵķȻδͷƽϣȴľսȥͱһأ÷̴ﵽǸǿԭ¡ڣհÿ˵һ仰ҪС
Ѧ粻ЩΣֺõЦϷдģ԰ҲųһΣϲϷӵϡ
ѦüҶ˶ƺܸȤ;ŵϷѾһ룬ǲ̫׽ʲô
⻰Ĵ楶䣬Ҳ
æϷһŮɲŮòã»ԼӼͻѣŮӼҵʸ֦Ĺ¡ȴǶŮһƬģǧѰδޣȴŮһ˼ҵĹ˻ԼӲŮƶ֮ˣǱ˱ȣ࣬ѰߡŮӵĳţܲϣ˰дɱӣӱһλŮȣұŮչˣжճɾ
ŵǸӵŮأѦ
ڴЦҪ˵Ҳ٣ǸŮǵδţȴٻ֮
ѦЦݳǰ۰ǰ˾ȻܾٻֻϧǸһƬı̣ˡ
̲ס߷ߵҪ˵дϷӵ˿ǷףĺĵŮӣ͸һУôƫƫôõĽϷ˵ȴʹƽ
ߵķһۣЦдϷӵдĽ֣ʵΪܸġ
ѦĿΪΣ
̾Ϣ˵ϷǸʵ¸дɡûϷ˵Ůȹƽģʳ
Ȼ𣿡
ͷϧĵ뵱ҲǸ湫ӣȻ䵽㾳أʵ˲
ô˵ǸŮҲ̫ɶˣҲ֪Ļ˼ҵùȻȢҪ֪Ȣ޲ͣҪġŮҲĸ
˵С˶ˣ¶档
ȻǸʵ¸дɣҲ֪˭ҵĹʳܡ
Ѧһ̾ˣо仰ô˵ţһһ׮סҳŮ˭Ҳˣټأαֳͽء
ĵƣɱˣ޷̡
Ůӵһ׮ûˣܲûôõĻ¡
˷׷׸ͣȴǶϷŮġ
楲֪ŻҡȵĶôˣתôò̫ԾܾѦоġ
Ҷ֪ʱȺߡ
極ûӵУôˣ
Ҷ̫ӵ˵Сʲô£صġ
極Ѧ磬ס
ȺֱȲֻӺ߳һ䵩òüۺӢһӱ˴ɱ뼸˲ӡ
򶷳ʮ־ʣ˿˶ȣڿ˵ʱԽӵŮӡ
極˼·˴û˿˳ָԾĦŲյǹһĨǳĻȡ
񡭡ʲô
ϻ΢΢һЦˣ㲻ϲϷġ
ЦżҲãֻǴմ֣ʱ䡣
֪˶ãϷڽϷǮ֮󣬱ȥ̨
ϻúһͬ뿪ţһϷܶԾͣڴˡ
ϯλ߹Ⱥȹǣ¥ݣҶںСı
һҵĿ׷ıӰаĹâ
ͻȻһӰӺڰ˹һ˵ǰ楶ҵˡ
Χ죬ܿ˵עĿ
Ҷʶýǰʲô
Ӻһ£ȴǲܲ˵Ҫȥ極֣δްѵ𣿡
ҶҪǱ楣ȻκĻ֮˿
ڿӵĶʱҶһŰ߿ˣʲôˣҶԿ񣿣
Ÿ楶ڻǿѾʧȥ˸߹ݣһϰĵͼ֮ˣ㲻ҵĶԲԣͨʲô㶼ҶԲԣ
Ϸ̨ϵϷڽУ˶Ѿ뿪ϯλΧǰΣɫ죬ֻ֮֮֮ģĿϡ
ˣͼĴˣԾ̹Ȼûа顣ĮĿŰݿߵӣĿ貣ףͬҹʢ꼻·κ۶մȾֺ
ѦаѾͷ߻װǻƣһῴܲ㵭
uȺߣŭô£
һᣬӲѹˣ漰極£Ҳ˲ˡ
ô͵ģһ˾ų
γһ㣬˴󺰣ȥȥ
˵꣬мС˳ߡ
ȴſڵϣ楶㲻ңΪ㣬һ·֣ǧ㲻ܲҰ·ˣӹһ٣ʧȥҲҪҵ㣬ôأ
ô˵˲뵽ݵһʵĴϷ롣ʲôˣҪɱʵǴɱĻʹ
µĺǳ⣺ŸʲôȥҾŹͣҪϳͣ
ȥȻʩʩȻ˹
˲⣬Ŀ⽻㣬Ҳûпڡ
u֪Ѧ極ĵ⣬ֱûʲô£ڵʲôҪ˵
ҲСáˣٲȻѾмٺίߡ
Ѧ֪ͣu㻤УҪߴˣҲţ楱ƷԼƶ֮¡ֻĿ֮£˴ʴʣǾˣ֪δء֪˵楱㱻ݺ֪ĻΪ楱ʲô֮أⲻҵӻӰҵҪ֪楱δ̫һһŻ棬ǲ𺦱ף𺦻ʼΪãʵΪ楱㵣ǣΪӦõһסˣ˾ñй˵ɱء
һɱڵñӿuɫѿѾʶѦĺݶ̶ȣ˵ͻɱӣ˶ỳɵͷϣʱﲻϣƺϴˡ
ѦҪ˵£Ϊʲôѵйأ
̲סֻ˵ģ
Ѧ޹ҲΪ楱룬۱ѣѵu㲻ԼõΪ𣿡
uʲôˣΪ㣬Ȼ
ǾˣȻ壬ֺαأѵu㲻뻹楱𣿡
ȻˡзΪѦֵʣȻˣŪʲôֶΣһˮõϣϴϴ
u˵Ѧüλ㲻𣬻ԣ楱㡭
Щͱˡ
ȻǡuϣҲʲô֪Ҫ
ʱһԵҲ˵еɽƾ˵һ֮ʣ˵𣿴˵ʲôΪλһŶȷ˵ʲôŵĻҲΪš˵ָʹݳ
Ѧ΢Ҳ˵Ѧ磬ҿڡⷬǼ
楿壬⡣ô࿴ֵˣΨ⡣
ֻ΢΢һЦԾôŸ߽࣬ͬȾ
楻һЦЩ
ѦбһۣݹͳϵԽˣֻҵĹϵݹﻹٿΪ˵˽泤Ʊ硣
ü΢壺ֻʵʵ˵ѣԣʧʣ
ѦЦݷ̣ݹ˵ʲôǾʲôգڳĶ֮ˣú
仰˻ͬġݼҺҶ̫ӵ֧ߣ˵ҲΪ档ԣ弴˵мֵڱҲǳ˽ģȫš
ɫһ䣬楣ЩΡ
楳ҡҡͷЦݴŰ֮⡣
һ楹ϵҪõϻãȴûп楱⡣ֻſˣûע⵽һ㡣
һ̣Ӿʹ󺰵ҲǹݣҲſڴƻƣ֤ݣ֤ݣ
˶ǴһѦüŶʲô֤ݣ
˫ֲӻóʲġ
һһƽһƵƣ֡
ѦѹҪЦ飬ԾĵǡǴ󾰵ĳ
֤ݵĶƷϵĹԱûƽһ۾ϳ˵ݡ
ϸϸ۲죬ѾЩˣûʲôǣԾ˺ܶġ
صͷǴ󾰵ĳǵĳڴ󾰻ʱ򣬾ã͵۴ͻ顣ûѣҵδޣ




353 С
 

һԽδʸ֦ټϷϷ̨ݵһϷʹΪ
ţǸĺƶŮӣĺΪ̫λãȻ˴ɱǰδôһ룬˿񶼱ˣû뵽ˡòСȻĳ
޿ֱ̣һɺԣʲôҼҿͲʶ㣡
ӱʹѣ楶㵱˾𣿵ɽ˺ģ˵Ҳ޵ģôתҪ޸أ֪䲻㣬ʶ˵ȴȴ𣿡
⻰˵꣬ҶһϣЦĹܽеģҲ֪˭ģʶ͸Ͻ
ѦȰߣҲ²סڿڣҡ֤ݡ˵楱Ҳʶ꣬÷ɷޣҲðȻǴ󾰵ĳ䵽˼ˣʵǿ楱㲻˾飬˾һ۰㣬˵ῴϣһ·ǴңΪ㣬˲ˣͷ¶档㲻Ϊķ֮飬ֻΪ˴Сһ𳤴֣Ҳ̫鰡
u֪ӵǼٵģĽ楲ᱻݺѦϽ͵ĻǲȻɫ
ԣʲô֮飬Ѧǹᡣ
ѦǱŵˣֻʵʵ˵uΪγҷƢ
Ӳ˲ѪҾû˵ѣŵĻǿȥ󾰴һ£͵ǲΪǴͻˣˣͻʥּҴˡ
ȺдһȻʥּ˵Ļˡ
楾Ӹµ𴽽ǣʥּ
ǣҿȥ
˵ͳȺ楲δС˸
ʱӹȻˣһ·Ͻر˫ۣһֱصŰʥּó
ɫʥּһȦҶˣʥּɲ٣滹ڡ
˺Ĵս˼ҲӵʥּȻóʥּǼٵġڣǴ󾰻δʱ
˰գ
Ѧеĵ⼸Ҫ̾һ楱㣬»ǲҪֵ̫ѿΪãʲô˵ҲãҲֻ֤ҪλԼ̫ӵ²⡣
⣿ôܣѡֲ̫СȢϱߣ̫ӱ極ɫҪȢ楣ЩҵĴ󳼿ɲͬ⣬鵯Ҽҷ粻Ʒв
Цⲻ۵ףŨŨĳһҪлΪˡ
Ѧ簵ϲѹסҪǣʲô£˵˾ͺá
楻һȦô˿ˣˣǲǸ̫ӵ¹ˣ
Ѧ۾ת̾µֻ̫ܶӵʵʵ˵ˡ
ȻҪ̫ӹǾһƽλһͬա
ѦĿ΢͡
ƽΪʲôҺƽͷ
β΢ԸҶȥա
Ѧ翪ڣҶˡ
ѦЩĪ極һЦһ˵ô໰ˣֵ˵˰գ
Ѧ˸ͻ֪ں«ʲôҩ
ǲһ£楿һϻãȻһЦҲͬԴ󾰣Ǵ󾰻ʺֶŮܾ빬Уʱܼġ϶ǳΪβһŶ֪ˣöȻΪҹϵҪãһ˵ѣԸûǲǣ
ѦšüͷϻøͲϤҲӲѱҹŮУȻϻá⻰˵ҲϻãϻҲӾǳ
ȻһҪԭԴӾǳŲɣҲϻá
˫ܶϤһеüΣʥּ֤ݺǲʵ㲻Ҳûз𣿡
Цһ
ѦЩգЦʲô
ɫģЦȻǾЦ
㡭
ƵãԺڸһ˶֮ǰһҪֻ࣬Ц󷽡
Ѧȼһػ磬ʲô˼鵽ڵزƾһ֮·תɣ
ܿ죬ǰһɧҷ׷óһһ̫Ӻƽˡ
ѦЦһһͬ
ô˾ۼһЦʲôˣ
û˸һػ
ǡָָڵϡպ׵ӡ
¹£ĽһϮ°ɫĽۣӳճϵһ˫۾ͬ峺ȪˮӳӰâ˵湫ӣƽͬһƤңȴҪѷɫ֡
Ѧһ˽ࡣǱȣݣƾʲôҪ楰ռˣͱ
Ҳͬ̾ȴǲҶ࿴ֱŴǼΪʧΪ
Ľһ۾Ϳ楣ҪǰѦʶһ
·𿴲Է۵׵Ĳͣ᣺̫ӱ硣
۲һᣬüۺ˼Ϸʡ磿еĵܡͬǱãһֱؾ֮񣬹ؾؽ̫ӵء
粻淢˺𣿡Ľ˵ֵ
ҡҡŶҺͶһˣ׷ʲôˣ
Ѧ۲ӯӯȥ渵
ƽһۣɫŹ֡
ûп˵𾪺ĽľŭѦҲһ˲̫ӵ£
Ľ˿ڵصӣֿ楣˵Ǵ󾰵ĳйԼ
ѦΪĽأ粻ŵĻԿϵʥּ
ĽֻǴһۣǳǳ
Цָӣͣ˵Ǵ󾰵ĳ
Ѧ粢ûоԼִЩ⣺ǰǺ楱÷á
˵ˣ·Ϸ顣
ĽøѦ񣬷ºüۺЦ÷ã
٣ǰ
˽Ϊ˴£
ЦȻ£ôܲأ
˵⣬Ѧʻʢ
̫ӱ硭
ͻȻһעҪ˵ڵĻ˻ȥ
ҵǲ֪ҵδޣȻݺ
Ѧ죬ָ楣磬ƶĺġ
ڱ̫ӵ£ѵüɫڹµǰڮҵ̫˭ĵӣ
Ѧˣ漴ޱ޼ʵķŭָŵϵӣ֤ݱǴ󾰵ĳƽȥ󾰣Ӧüġ
תͷƽ磬ı磬˵ȥ󾰵ʱ򣬲֪͵۸楺˴ͻ𣿡
һͣ㡭
Ѧʹ˸ɫᣬȻ⼸ˣȴǿ򶨵ȻѾҵȷĳҪɱɱҽҪҡ
楹˫ӣӲת˿ڡ
ҽҪҳʸ
Ѧ۲Ľı飬ûа취ŭҪȥģһʼķŭ
ȴĽЦһƦð䱾㱳˭ⲽߴˡ
ΪԼˣĽ˵ķǡ
ѦǳסˣʵЦݣ·ͷ˽ᡣ
磬ʲô˼
ĽƳƽһۣλϷҲˣ˵ʲô𣿡
ƽʹ˸ɫסЦһ̫ͣӾǴ󾰵ĳðġ
ôܣѦʧҿԡ
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ָĿڵ֤ݵ֤ݣ
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ͣòỹŰգ˵ʵԽұ֤ʵ
Ѧ߳ŭ֪
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Ѧһӿˡ֪ˣӶԸ楡
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Ϊ˰زڽ£˱дϷģ楿ϺΪ󣬡ʱ֣極
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ĿһС죬ôܵǧ֮ңõĶҡ
Һ˵˵˺죡Ѧ̫ӵ˵ʲô
ˣĽ񵭵
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Ľޱ飺Ȼ£ҪеҲ֪ΪҪҧ㣬ֻ֪ģ極Ǹ
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楳ǣĵǸ⡣
Ѧ裬ϥԲ𣬱㣬һʱͿԩ㡣
ɫԺǻҿա
Ѧͷһҧҧǡ
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˻Ȼ򣬹ֲ̫Ȼܱ´ͻ飬ֲöôãԭ˼ҴСʶ鵱Ȼһ˿ɱȵġ
ôһ룬д˵ҽغݼҺͶ׵ĻͲˣ˱ãֵÿ͵۴ͻ飬̫ӻصĽݹѡѡ˭ԪҲ֪һ㣬Ÿ´ͻ顣
̫Ǿɫ̫ӸôãЩŮͽ˼ҿҪúõˣҽ˶Ҳһܵó衣
ѦֻҰŭйƢõϣݺһۣȻ֪Ϊβҡæһ˿Ц
ƽÿɵӵı鿴
ԪһְĽ񵽴󾰣¹̫ӵճӵݻȥĽڴǰȴֲֻᣬǺǰһ˵Ľڱ
ԣԪ۲ñ֪Ľڴ󾰵¡
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ӹǰǶϣֺܿƿЦǳǰ˭õء
Ҵɶˣžͱ
極ֶֶһ˽⡣Ц̾˿ϣȡѵԵ޹ұ鷳ˡ
Ѧ΢ƲƲ죺ҿδءһ˽⣬ֻ޳УҵѿСЩ
סεЦЦóҪ𣿡
Ѧ΢һ㶣˼ͷǰǴˣȥǶһ١
ԶȺĽĲһЦܿ죬˶֪÷лԼֻȢһˣ˵ȡݼҴ
楲㾹ΪЩѾ˼ϷȻֻΪ΢ĩС¡һֱΪƲΪ˶ԸѦ硣
Ļְ̌鷢𵽶Ŀ繣Բ⣬ҲκίҪ֪Ψһѡϣ֮䲻͵˳Ϲϵ
ݼ˾ҡԪǷǡ
¶ݣü˲ࣺ񡭡
ǲǺܸжĽֱ۵ס
極ͷǲԾ
ǻڣҪúҪ𡱡ţȼϰա
㷽лѦͷϣΪ׷Ź
ֻҪǸҧѦ粻ţѦ綨Ǻ׵ġ
ЦЦèֱһڳԵû˼ˡߣͷΣܵõʲôصĳͷ𣿡һδδŭƷ
ĽȻ
̧ͷɫҪҪظ
ѾﵽĿģͲضˡ極ȥҴ㡣
ˡͻȻ£
Ͱи֪ˡ




354 Ǿ
 

ԪĲҲ˽ԪۡԪȼÿУƲĸҵ£ʵκָơ
᲻һ£ûпһ¡Ļᱻ˸淢
ǡ¶Դʲô̬ȣ
Ľ򸸻ʱ֤в֮ġңҲ겻Ȣԭ򣬶ⲻЩͬ飬ûйο
οȷʲô֮ģ𣿡ЦŽӹȥ
Ľݺ͵һЦͿԽͣǰûйʲôҰģҲӲܿ͵ϲںıǳˡ
ȻҪټһu
ĽݹˣĽݹıµŮ˶ʲô¡Ϊظ飬㣬Ԫ۷İԭ
Цݸԭգ
Ľͷ׶Ǿʶ
ͰôֵܣֻϵģԾڡĽϣԪҲ׷
ƽջصҵӾǰҲ֪᲻ŵЩڴ
Ľ۲᲻ŵȷ֪ǣһܷŭ
ƽͱ£ҵ˼ȰѸջصҵļ̳յģɹӳ˴󾰵İĽĹϵʮа˾Ż֧ĽƽԵĲһûˣҪưȻǲ׵ġ
楺u˻ϣϷ˴Ǳһͬҡ
֪ǣǸճҴţƽҲȥˡ⣬˳ΪӵİɫгǸˣſסʵĳ嶯ײˣصƽʹС˵ȥȰ˵ƽ
ƽˣѦ飬Ǳס
˹ſڣ˸Ͻӭȥ
ˡտڣֻǰһڣֱӱײ˵ϡϴҵʹͷˡ
ʻٶȸûл˼ɿĳȥԺźСŮö㿪ˤڵء
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֣Ҳ֪һ·ۣ˵ŵİ˹ͷѹˡ
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һƹڵϵף˵ʲô
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⻰˵ֻ취˳Ϩŭ
˳ץֵ󣬳ָƺҪݽȥҲҺۣӡ
Ǹ˸˸壡˳ȻȥˣǸðŵģ뷽跨ǰΪ˶ԸȻĻᡣԭƻдѣû뵽û뵽
û뵽ӻĽϣĽǴ󾰵ĳԪһְŵġ
һʲôһЦЦ󷽣
Ѿ˼ûܻ楣֪Ľ極ĸֱҪŻѪ
ʥּٵġѦ߷ߵ
˳ͣ½Ų⻹˵Ȼ楸ǸƭӵġΪȡǣȻЩõ
Ѧҧǰʥּôǳء
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뵽ĽΪά楳Ҫˡôϣ̫ӻŵԼŮô䣡
ĸףʵ̫һҪѵ
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ѦȴǾ˷ܣ֪ĸ޿̣Ҫ楳ˡһ뵽極Ĳ״޲øƴЦ
ĸףҪô

ȥҲμ˼Ҳʤö٣ټĽûоǲ⴫⣬ڶ죬̫ӾǴ󾰳˾֪
⣬ֻʣ˶極Ľʡ̫÷ã类͵۴ͻ飬صĽݹ̫ѡȢ̫үƫ̻楡
ϢһݼŮԲơ
˵û£ݼΪ̫ĸɻ֧̫ӣֻ½϶Թҡףݼұ㲻ֵͬ飬̫ӵǻݼҲûԹŮ˻ʺ֮λ

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ŵǶҶϡ
Ϸ˴˳Ȳ裬Ƥ𣺡Һϴ˵ˣ֪Ϊε𣿡
ҶЦĸҪ·Ըϱȥ
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ҶϼϷ˻粻ԣͷһϱĸʾ¡
Ϸ˷²յ̾˿֪ߣܴҵһŮ黭ͨҲТ˳ϺüŮϲľȻҲϣ޵úáҺһõжʲôĶģһƽ˳Ҫġ
ҶϾһʲôץסˣɫ΢䣺ĸף
۳۲òһģҡ
Ϸִ̧ϣǣĽݹݼұܻʶüʺ󡣿ⲻζĽݹĻʺֻݼŮģνʻŽһͣݼŮʼǺõġ
ǡҶԲġ
֪κ˼Ҷһвʣ̫ӺҵǱ¶ģѲɲҶԱ²һʼҵ£
Ҷһҭϱҡô˶̫Ĳѡֳ̫Ӻͳ÷лԼ£֪˶ڰۼҵЦγȥˣ
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ϣôŮ̫ӻ᲻ϲԪΪ˶ԻĴβŸ̫ѡ楡
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Ҷͨ죬ƿԡ
ԣҵԹҲɢˣǱƳʲô£๱µľ»ô룿Ϸ˿ĵǿݼңҲһңʥѴģԸʲôҲջأⶼǾ˭Ӧҵġ뷨˵𣿡
Ҷϵͷĸ˵ǡ
ݼΪʺңĽݹĵλѾܸˣݼǲᵹģ㻹ʲôأѵҪϻʺ֮λΪ𣿡
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ЦǴȥԶͣ̾ڳ־µĵģҲһԡǲõģ͸ĸ׳ĸ׿ɲҪ
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ĸףǽȥաЦ񵭣ɶ¡
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˷䣬Űǰĸ㣬ȴûʲôθڣΪŮģǳ˳
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ͷƺǺˣĸ˵Щ̫ˣŮĸء
Ů룬Ҷû̫Ӻ極¡
˽̫û۹⣬ȴǲ˵ڡ
Ҫϸѡһ




355 ƫ̻
 

ĸףĸ˼𣿡ʵ
Ҷû¶Ϸ˵Ĳֻĸ㸸ҲøΪѡ˼ˡ
岻⣬ָϽвģֻ˵ĸ׾һ˿һί
崹ͷĸ֮ý֮ԣŮûʲôģĸҲẦҡ
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һ£Ҷϵ㸸׾ãϼҶӲΪֻ͡ǵմӣֲܼ̳оλջصҵλǳӣоλϮȴô꣬ݣƷвѧôܱȵùӵܡѦ֮ǹ֮ŮϰȴǸӵܣҿһ۶ᷳô㣿
üͷ̾˿ŮݼҵճŮò˫ȫׯţκһӣôƫƫѰʵģϼҲǸţέòʷ׿Ȼôܱȵ̫أ
ףέõѡһ뵽楽Ҫ޸̫ӣƽ
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ϻƽһֱڷŭ֮УԼ鷿˭Ҳ
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κƽһͬ鷿ˡ
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ƽֱ۾ڳһ׵ԨκĪ˸ͻ
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ƽ˿ȥˣڳΪ빬ǰȷȹһӣչգֻȴ֪ʲôڿǸ˾սʱ䵽󾰵
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ô
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κһףǺ⣿
˼ǣѾ˵࣬ɱ¸ûнӣ˾˾ñôζʲô
κһϣǴƫ̻ҳΪ̫ӵˡ
ƽվŽյĴӣ̾һǰƾŰ̫ӡֵܡ֣аҵĹϵȻ֧̫ӵģĬһеķ




356 ݼ
 

κͻȻ뵽ʲôǴӺδõϢ
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ѾȴȣԺﻨݷʢľסһϮɫӺȹӣžµСǰľɫá
Ľָƽϵ壬Цû´¼ǾҲٸһλᡣ
΢΢üƽϾǱµӣ׻ǲֱɱġƽִԲԪҲ
ȷˡ
Ԫ۴ΪڸƽЩ֪εĸƽƫ̻̫ӣҪϼҡȫΪ̫ӵĵ֣ƽκҶȡλǲܳɹģʶľ͸Ͻ֣ڸһķϣƽһ
κǱˡ
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´ʲôʱ֣
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ҵȻǵݼˡдԣݼҹ̫Ĳѡȴˡ˶֪̫÷лԼ֮£ݼҿɲǶ𣿡




357 ޼
 

ҵĵǺԭЩݼҵˣһЦݼңݼǴ壬˿ڶ࣬Ǩŭҵˡ
ţݼ˲ϲҲ׶ʲôϾݼҺҿһϵˣƽʮּɵҲӡʱݼҺưֳĿɳ¡
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ͥУͣ໪ŽµĴٹȫˣ໥Ѽ˴š
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һ楣Աȣ˻楴кƺѿ
ȻǴݲȣûĴԣܲ΢˼뿴ֵɫڨڨġ
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ѭЦӯӯйȥü
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ͻȻ뵽Ҷᵽ£岻źۼέһۣǰϷ˺ϻôк
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ԣݼڿ˳ֵʱסľȡ
ڳ֮˸˳̧°ͣĿб߽ȥݼҽô˳һ߰Ŀ޳ϰΪȽȥ
ߵſڵʱ˳Ųһ٣΢΢תͷ㣬ǹǰˡ
ĲǱˣ楡
֪ں޼Լ΢΢һЦһƽ
˳Цת䣬һӣ̧Ž˴š
Ⱥ˺ϼһȥݼϷˡ
ϷǱѾۼ˲ٷ˹һ׷໥
ϷΪĽĸǳȻδ̫ļӣ˸
Ϸ˰ͷЦǺǵؿ
楣ҲΪ極òޡòεΣһ̧һͶɣ߹ţ˼֮ף֮徹˿Ҫǣһ֪ǸѩŮӡ
̾Ϣѹ̫ϲ楣ҲѲҶһֱó̫ӣʵӦûмʵĳɷڰա
楲֪Ϸ룬ҲںݼǷϲҪ޵ĽֻҪĽϾͺãҪ˵ͬ
ʱ˵
˶ſڣֻһ߸żѾߡ
ԷϷȻдһͬӭ
æǳϸҸ񡣡
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ƽ֧ߣΪݼ˶ַ̬ȡڹ꣬ʶĳͱĶ壬ȻϷ˶롣
Ҳˡڳôˣһ۾Ϳ楡
΢ЦףϷ˵磬ΪҺһôܲأ
㣬ȴĻԷԲԷĹϵ
楷֣ϴμࡣȻԷЦȴǿջЦ
楶ԶЦǰڴ󾰵ʱ򣬳ͻϵãҲܼ㡣Ҽ޸£ԭΪҲˣҲ˾ͻ̫ӵ£ԺǾˣܾһ˵˵ЦЦ
⻰˵ģϵһ㡣
Ȼ⧲ӣɻ󣬵ûвֻ΢Ц
ңҲ뿴«ﵽʲôҩ




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楲ûϷȥ
ݸ˵ѡҲпǰѵģֻӦԡ
ټĸۡĪЩƣѰһ԰ĵ·ߣ㿪Щˡ
ӳ֮ͨһͤ΢紵ˮһһɫĲơ
վͤǰķ羰ƽࡣ
ͻȻڲԶҶˡ
Ҷѭȥ¶졣
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óҶǹģ㻺̨ףǰͣס
ߵü޽ЩңǿάŶׯԳֵģ¶һ͵Цݡ
楻һЦȴûпڡ
һᣬƺ¶˾ģҿɷһ˵
ʱѾٳƺ楡㡱ˣɼʮͶԷֻǷ֮
죬ü΢֣ҪҪ˵ˡ
ңȥ
ҶģҪ˵ʲô楶ҡףŽźһͬ£һ˫۾ȴǾߡ
ŮͱԶһ楣һҪĻҪ˵楱˺楡
ЦЦǰڴ󾰵ʱ򣬼Һߣ鿤꣬ɶԿĹʵѵãҲĽ
ЦȻǴСһ𳤴Ȼһ˲ͬʵ֮֮һǺãǾͻȫȫΪ㡣ȻҲְǣֻҪú÷ˡ
˷ߵͷԼǡ
Цݲģ΢΢˸롱ƣһ·ҲˣȥͤЪϢһᣬյա
Ҫúĵ˼ˡ
˿̨ףԶ
ͤ磬ǰķ羰˾Ŀȴӹ極ĲյЦ΢΢Ӳ
Ų㣬̾ݼҲǴҴ壬ܵϡٵͤҲʱΪ׼ϺõĸȲ衣ҲĽݹкβͬ
ŲյǿЦݼҵĲ裬Ȼõġ֪ģڴ󾰲ܳ裬ĺòֵõңʵƷʲôͬ
極һЦһʡ
ӻŲյֽ֣֪ʵڴ󾰵ʱҾͺĽ㡣
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ԳһЦʵֻңǵĹĸĽأиݣĸȴǸ輧һ򲻵øʳ谮ȥҲ硣ʺȰıսս֪ǱҪҲ벻ңǵҹҲԸȢңĽݹʵһ뵽Ҳǻ죬ȡֻͷ߳ΪһѿݹˡַӼ޸ҺΣͬʱмݺ棬ھ׶֮أ˸Сңȴ󾰺ϼٱΪ󾰹˵ҲΨһҲҪûˡ
¶һĨЦЦ߿ࣿ
żֿɬм˳谮̫άλּҲǶͺһһĳӦóΪ̫ӵˡô谮᲻ҵĿġ
楴Ṵһ˫ģÿ˶вΪ˵Ŀ㲻ңô֪ҳܵĿѣ
һͣͻȻ極ĸĸǱ̫Ԫۼ½Һġ֪࣬ȴҪίߡ
楳ŪЦЦҴӲ˵ܵĿ࣬ҲӲҪңҪ»һҵļƻﵽĿģ·೤ôաҲǴﵽĿ𣿡
˵ţЦ˶Էһۣһڲ衣
ͻȻû䡣
ͻȻʶǸĿĲĻŮӡ⻰ڸԼǸ߸ϵĻʵۺ̫취οأ
ھԼǵС˼ǰˣС
ֻ˵֮ɱ֮ȴƽ͵һɣǳҵϡǴô䵽֮أͬǴ֮ˣȴΪδֻ̫Ȼвʰգ
һˮ罦㡭Ϊô˵Ҵδ
Ŷ𣿡
ͷЦʸͲϲңһô꣬ʵĴָŮ֮飬ʵǳúܡŸʼݱҲûʲôĵģҲǨŭ㡣
ԵĻ֮ɫ½ţһ˽ࡣ
ĬһᣬΪ楲ῪڵʱȴԷЦˣȷҲ𣿡
һӨ׵ʶϣ϶Է˫ܶϤһе۾ʱҪƱĻں
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΢΢üԣǵĹϵҪ˵ʲôأ
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ƳһۣͻȻ֣֡
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˺۷ۣѿһᣬ֡
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ǴȥҰݷãڣȴǹƽΪҵĺġ˵࣬ȻȻģһᷢϵˣǱŰӽ㣬㡣õҵκΪˣֻϧҲɵϣְϷҼˡοҲͷ֮˵컨׹Ҳ㡣ԣעˣĳвһЦ
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κ˺ĴǺ죺˵ˣ꼶ʬ׵ʱ㳤˭֣
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ĽԥĵͷԸ⡣
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ȷΡٳɣס֣ãǻؼҡ




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һһһ˫ˣôŵģҲȷˡЩĺãʲôʱﶼҪġ֮֮籦òж
Խ̰Ҫصͷ
ԭֻһ˵û뵽ȻˣʼĴޡˡʩǻǰԵ
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