صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ





Сħ˹ʦ
ߣ


1 Ƿ

ʹ¶˺Ѱʹ
ǧ۾ԼһԲ̨룬Բ̨Χ߸ߵǽڣӲȥ
ʱ̶˹
ǧҵǸ˵˻ʺİƿڽܴء
Ǵֱ֪𣬺ԴһֻĽ׺Ƥħܣħ׶һϲ̡
νܿһϷˡ
ӵϣԲ̨֮кöˣ͸űģֻ
ǧ£üͷϵʹѲ١
ЩʲôˣôҲõɱعЩ˾˵Ƿв
Ľ׺Ƥħʲôֶ֯
δǧȫӦһİļԺС
ǧȻɴ۾ĵһƬˣһ磬Ϊߺħʦ֣ĵȼΪһ׵ʮףϱʥף׺۷塣
ϣ׺۷񻰰Ĵڡ
ǧȸ½ǧС㣬ϲ޷Сûٱ۸ǣСų۸˻֡
ǰЩӽСһƫ˻ʺİƿʺһŭ֮±㽫Ū⶷޳
޳ǹҹС⿴Ѫɱ¾ĺõط죬λСҪĽ׺Ƥħսʤ˱
ǰˣֻܳΪħܵĿ
˿̣ڷСڵˣʮһ͵ɱع
ֻΪɱͳ̫⣬һըУڵԴԽͬͬյǧڣǾȥɡ
ϲΣǧԴУʲôħŰɱ
Ȼ̧Ŀ䵽Բ̨֮ʱڵһɱ⣬·
Բ̨֮ϵĹੲݣȫûʶǧѾˡ
Ľ׺Ƥħܡ
ֻһߺǽϵһű򿪡
ſ˲䣬һֻӴޱȵĺ߳ϵëһ˫Բ˫մȾűŭɱ⣬ǧʱһ
ǰȻǧһΡ
һ磬ħ׺Ķ
ԼһֻħޣԺ°빦á
Ƥħ𣿡ǧͫᣬҲᶷŰ㡣
һ䣬ǧۼֿؼһذףذ׶˼˸ҫĹ⡣
˫䣬еذɵתһȣֱϡ
ǧҷǲɵˣȻȥֱ
㲻ȥҲ糬
עҪʧˡ


2 Ű

ǧĿ棬еذתһȦȻֱֱħܵĶƤϣذײͬʱħܵĶƤ˲һѪɲǣѪע
ħһ۵ܡ
ǧٽذװγͬݷԱһ㣬ȴʱٴν
Բ̨֮ϵҹǧȫɴ۾ŵؿŵһĻ
ǧҷϲС㾹ı£
ǿĽħܣʲôðײ˶
ħصƤһССذ׾ܰħܵĶӴƣֱЩ˼
㣬Ǹʲôʱˣֻһذ׾ܽħܶӴƣ˵ģһ۷ɫɴȹŮӡ
ŮǧҵС㣬ǧˮ
һ˫۾͸ӯӯ⣬øǽСˣȴֵһ֮ɫ
һۻɫɴȹŮӣãСʲôֻöѣħܾͻὫĶӴ
ǧҶС㣬ǧ⣬СľϵħħȼѾĽףҲǧҵţСܾ谮ȻҲǰ
ǧˮһ۾һգЦûǷһӾͱǿߡ
ǧˮ䣬һӶ
һۣ˲һѣС
찡
ħֻܵ۾ѾϹѪȳѪζǡǸɵģ
ǧˮסᳶǧӣʵ㣬ħܵ۾ôϹˣ㿴ղŷʲô𣿡
ǧⷢü΢΢šҲûô¡
ᣬɵİɣ
˿̣ǧκˣĽľϵħʦҲɾʹϹħܵ˫ۡ
Ҫ֪ͬȼ˺ħ޶Դ򣬾ħ޸Ϊħ޵ĸʵս飬Ҳƴ
ǸȻ
ǧսָ⣬ڳһĨõԤС
޳ڣϹ˫Ŀħǵϵ⣬ǧһֱӲħܵıϣеذɢһֱֱ֣ħܵС
ء
ħ˻ͣϢȫʧ
ǧϵѪգħޱһԾ£ѾħצɱˣҵĳͷǲѾ
һֱ±ˡ
Ȼħɱˣ
ѽǵİɡ
ǿĽ׵ħܣǶδħֵôѵǱȷﻹ磿
ǧ䣬еĲʹֱվ㣬ղŵħܶˣӦŪһֻħܳ
ģ̌ı˶㣿
Ūһֻħܳأ
ʱһ翵ղŵħܲδ״̬ãһٻħܳͷȻٶɱ¾


3 Ž͸Ĺâ

ͬϪһ㣬ĵףȴֲκ¶ȣһ˲ĵ׷䡣
һ˲ը˹
ǴʦȻǴʦ
ʦǳסͤΪνջ⶷޳
ĪǣʦȤ
ǧ˶̸۴ʦŵ˫һֱʦȸ½ķ֮ͨһž޵ħţȼ޷̽⣬ޱȡ
ȸʵۣҲ֣˵һССǧҶС㡣
ΪһΪǧ飿
ǧšü˼⡣
ʦģۣ̌ͷ
һ˲ײһ˫ī˫С
ǧͫζһ׵ˣٷǧɫķ˿Ʈ裬һϯҫɫĳ۸ĵѩһ˵Ĳ̬С
ղ˵ʦסͤС
ĪǣǸլУԣƤŻ͸ף
ǧڴͬʱҲĿͶ΢΢
ڵ˫ͫϹҹҫǳ貣ȴֲκζĸ飬·Զ볾ˣȾκ֮
ĶǰһɫȻţƯò˼顣
Ư˵ˣ
ǧüۣ˴һϮ£ʻãһɽѩҲ˵
޳µŴ򿪣
䵭ȴ͸һĨɡ
һԵС˲иоͽ޳µ
ŲǧԥٲŽ뿪ط
һȥ̫ӭ̹ǧ̫ӦֵסǰĹߡ
ʱ򡭡
ֵʳָϾȻһöָɫӵĽָſĻƣԵЩغ͹졣
ʲôָ
ôĸо·ʲôһ
оָʱͻȻһѳ˹ҼôСɰ֣㵽ʲôˣ
ģ̌һӾͶǧĵüۣ㣬ҵȻǧˣ⸱Ƥ㶼ʮˣ㻹ǲɣ
Ǹۣ
ǧ⻹淳Ͻÿȥҩ
ǧ΢㶣ϲʱˣ
Ҳţ϶ǧǧ鼱ֱ꣬ӽ˹ȥ
ǧۼֿ죬ͽֽסɲǣѪӵʳָĹŽϣ㣬Ҫ˵棬߱𣿡
εĮǧƮ
ĨĿһǧٽ
˲䣬ѪٴǧšüͷˣŮֲЩ
̧ۣžҪ뿪ǡԴһѣֱֱ˹ȥ
ιȥʱһ˫ī۾ţһƺŵıζ
ʱû˷֣ʳָϵĹŽȾѪ֮󣬾Ȼɢʵ⡣




4 ָڵĿռ

ۣ
ĵۼȸвϮȫ
ǧԣȴҪַ˵ĥĶͷҲƬˮȾʪŢ
Ҳ֪˶ãϵĸЧʧǧԴһһƬڰУٴѾǼʱԺˡ
еζ¸ɾǧ۾һ˲㱻ǰľסˣ۵ĲǹɫӣһлСϪƯط
СϪԻʮյأһȥܷظ֡
ǣʲôط
ǧҵ˲ûнؼҾΣǽҰ
ǧԽԽԾҰ⣬Ϊû׶ħ޳ûݵĺܣ
͸ˡ
ǧɻػܣܿ㷢ֿյԻһˮƣƻá
Ұ⣬ˮ
ǧСߵߣڵľˮɾ͸һ˵ħֻúڸޱȣ̲סһں

Ȼɴ۾⻹һκȵôúȵľˮȻһȥ棬ϵ˿Ҳڽϣܿ죬˺۲ڼù¡
棡
ǧϵı仯ӵؿһǿھ
ôľˮԲҰ⡣
ɳɳɳ
ͻȻһŲڶ
ǧһ裬⽥ۼ˭ġ
һ䣬ȭ󣬴ֻһ΢Ŀ
ǧһΣô£ŲΪδ򲻵ˣĪѾ֮زز
СѾͷĴˣ棬ͷ
һϸŴ红ͯϣǧһʶͷȥһһ¡
죡ôһֻë۾Сӣ
Сӻ˵ɾ˰ɣ
ǧšüͷӣһʱ۵Сۣ˭Ҳ˵
ȷӦ䣬ֻǰצסߵòޱȣ˱õòҲ㲻֣
ǧһ飬췭˸ۡ
в
ʲôʲôطǧ񣬱鵭Į
˲ըëÿǹŽеռѾ֪꣬ʲô𣿡
ǧӣԵ᲻󲹣
һצСϣѾͷȻѱóԵ̫ˡ
ǧȻ֪ҵ뷨
ʳ䣬Щ󣬡ȻÿŽѪˣȻ֪뷨
Ž䣿
ǧЩãȻ
һ׳յؿʳָϵǸָ㲻ǸιѪ𣿡
ιѪ
ԣոͽֽסʹѪ⣬ĪǾʱ򡭡
ǧ˫һ·ץʲôҼˣܲ˵ϸһЩ



5 Ѫ

ðһۣιѪ˾Լ£ָڵĿռ䱻ѣҲ֮˹ô򵥣
ǧˡ
ĵطҰ⣬ǽָһؿռ䡣
ʶʳָϵĽָȴտҲȻһ
С֡һѪ˽ָͺںһ㵱Ȼˡ
ǧ˲˿ԭںڣֲÿˡ
ӣܸ˵˵ռ䵽ʲô𣿡뵽ղŵľˮǧ;ú棬ռкܴ
øצӣվռǺöƯĵ԰СϪгԲ㣬ڿռһӣҲᱻ
ô˵ǧںȷʵˬ٣Ҳӳ档
ʣЩյأ
˼٩٩̸ǸһزֶͬʮٶȳӴ
ʮ
ǧͣҲ̫ˡ
צСȣСѾͷ׬ˣӵռٴΣգֻҪһܶռ䰲ȫ
ǧ̾һõط
òЦôռǲǺ
ǧޣ
ýһë塣
Ѫİ壬˲ӳС
ǧЩɻ󣬡ӣʲô
һѽѪ尡֪СѾͷ
ǧ۽һ飬һֻӾѵˣ۸һ¡סʵѪʲô𣿡
ı𣿡צӣϱһָ
ǧ˳ȥɲǣһƵıӳУޱȣһľʾһ˲ԵݣȻ֮
ռﾹıڲŷ֣
ǧĵ𾪲ѡ
Ѫ걦գѪ۾һʮ㣬ΪŨǸѵط滹иֱؼСѾͷ׬ˡ
ǧսѪ壬ĿⴥյĴţٿʿʣŽգܿţ
ҡҡͷֱ˵ȻУûֻаҪء
ǧأ
¶ɰСЦй죬Լȥ£Ҳ֪
ǧһܣ˵Լһֻ׵Ӿ
ȶʣ˵ӣ˶˵ϲ޷ӦΣ
䶯죬漴ŤСƨɣӴǸϲǰҲ޷ͽָѪô͡
֣
ܺͽָȫѪ˵Ѿ߱츳
ͳһԲС򣬡СѾͷָȥ



6 ˫ϵħʦ

СԲ͸ͷŹҺ塣
ǧù죬ûеһʱ佫ַȥ
õģһСѾͷСǲ򰡣ַȥܲ߻ħʦȼʲôϵħʦܲ
ôһ򣬻ͦġ
Ȼ治У
ǧ˵Ͱָȥ
һ˲䣬ʲôûз
ǧüͷ΢΢Ȼϲ
һɸ֣оŬ֪ڵҪģܵһȻҪͷų
ǧ۾𽥼У˼ҲһƬǺ֮С
ɲǣСһƻҫէ֣˲ռ䡣
Ȼɴ۾Ȼǻϵħħ֮׵Ļϵħ
ǿԺ츳ܳΪһҩʦҩʦȻǸְҵƳ˵ҩǷǳ׬ǮӴ
СѾͷֱǶˡ
Сеҫâȥøͣ£ȴͻȻһɫĹâ˲佫Сâл˸ĵȥޱȡ
Ŵͣ͸Ųţ찡ôֳϵħˣСѾͷѵ˫ϵħʦ
ϵϵÿһмĹСѾͷֱҪ죡
եһǧŽɿһͷͿֻӾһʯվԭء
ǧЩƣôˣҸղźܵһƺ죬һϣʲôħ
ÿٻզզСѾͷ׬ˣ㾹Ȼӵлħ˫ϵħʦǷϲһţ
нľˮħס硢ϵħ
ǧЩãȻ˫ϵħ𣿡
զˣֹǸ˵һһ˫ϵȫ磬СѾͷڿϡȱޱȵ˲š
ǣϲܽࣿ
ǧʧЦһָֻ˵ԣǺˣ
һͻȻͰԴǲҪ᲻ˣ˫ϵħܳԴģһûңûԴԡ
ǧԣ
һǿʳ磬ǴһƿҲᱻ
׸ֻܱǿ
ҪѪ걦̲ĶÿѪ˸Ĺ⣬ֶ뽫ҵ֪𣿡
ǧȭ
Ұ롣
ܸ֪Ӧþȸ½ǲԶĵط



7 ѪѪ

˴µķλǧͷӬһ
ȸ½ǺңǻỨϺöʱ䡣ǧ˸ȫǱǿļᶨɫڴڼ䣬ܸܲһЩİ취
磬ȫ֪ô
ԭǸϲҲȫûйκϢ
һۣռҲһռаˣﻹһ䷽
ǧӹ䷽һۡ
д˺öҩ֡
ʲôǧݣݣǧѩݣɺʯ
ǧ䷽һʱ侹Щѣ䷽ʲôã
䷽ţˡצӲţǱоı䷽һһŶݸ裬ʱʾͱǿˣͬȼħʦ㣬ֻбŰķݶ
ôţǧգգ۾Īǣõһݿ䷽
صЦЦȻн𣿡
ǧɫ
Ϊһ㻨Ǯ
ٴСȣСѾͷ֮ȥ׬Ұɡ
ʱռһӦǧˡ
ǧһܿ˿ռ䡭
ͤ
ǳɫĴڷж죬Өڵƻ⡣
ʱһֻ˳ֽÿһ˴߳
ҫҷأǧѩ˿Ʈ衣αֱڴǰԶڵ˫޲ƽͬһˮ
ҹˮŴȡ
ӣҹ󡣡ҹһͷ
βͷվԼǰᰵҹҹ춯ѪѪѾϷ
ҹһΣϲѪѪĲ͡
̧֣Ļҹ˵ϱʲôط
ϱߣҹϸһ룬ڵϱӦʥŮѧԺǧҵĴСǧѩǾž޵ıϵħţСͽʥŮѧԺѧϰܶһʥŮӦþӵѪѪˡ
βӣİѪڵƻӨ󷢹⣬ٽһЩϱ߻ʲôط
ҹڣǾֻǧˣǧҵǧҲǸ˲ţҪ˵˭ѪѪҲֻˡ
Ӧк޲֪ˣȥɡ
ҹһۣ˳ȥ
ηǰϷһ¯̴㣬ɲǣƢ
δ鷢סüۣû֪˿Щʲô



8 ˲

ѪѪ
뵽գڶ޳ڿļ˫׵ɫζ
һν
Ես
ǽУǧɡ
δ֣ĦѪɫ壬Өޡ
ӿռǧͷԼһľϡ
ľĵۣӴ۵ıһªޱȵķ䡣
мҾ߶ľʵģżΪϾɣǽﻹ˼֩Ͳסĵط
Ƿϲ񣬿ɺôҲǧС㣬бҪôŰ
顣
һٴ
ǧ˼˲䱻δȥţҡҡ׹ľűһ߿
ã˰㶼ûţһΪˡǧգĵ˫ЦЩš
ǧֱվɫ
һ軵Ůӣúƽϡ
ǧһ۾ע⵽ﲻôһĹ
ãԭ㻹úûţǸ󡣡
ǧͻȻЦ֪ݹкιɣ
ǧ֣ʱм̵Ѿ룬ãĽ׺ƤħοصһЩ˲֮Ĳҩѹѹ
Ǹ˵˲θѹ
ǧתɫشĶȴ첼ţһʱ̽塣촽ڵ˫ʲ㣬л
˲֮ĶӦٽҰɣ
Ҫʲôʲô
ǧѾߴϵĺ첼ɲǣڵĲҩӳС
ǧĲҩ뽫˵һ١
Ӳҩ
˲СøûõܲһȫήˣҩЧ
⹷ٽң
ǧ⿴͵ı飬һĨЦôӳڣӦûô˲ΰɣյóԸǲǺܿģ

۾Ϲ˰ɣŮˡ
˵ǧšüͷЩõãҪԼá
䣬Ѿʹһɫ
ЩѾ߶Ƕ׵ߣԸһССϲ´ˡ
ǧۣѾͼ˵׾鷳ģ㣬ھ͹ȥ˲Ρ
ܰŲ£
һǧǧЦøá
ǧҪ̵ʱЩѾ߽һֱӳɨȥ
ǧ
ǣһȺ֪С似ֱŰ
ǧٳţֱֱɨѾǵϥǴ

Ѿʹధϥһ䣬ֱֱ˵ϡ
ǧȻɴ۾ЩôͻȻزˣ
ղзʲô
ǧʲôΪǺö˶˵ĵز𣿡ǧͷȻܸо˿̵Щһˡ
ᣬвĵλ



9 β

ңǧָָԼԵú޹㣬Ҳ˵ЩʲôҾһϲ˵ʲô
䣬ǳǳڵһԨء
ǧף˲䱻һ
ӺʱʼﾹȻ˵ˣǴıˣ
ǧĵκˣָҲסƽһٴãǲѧʲôаħգöѣϴʺĻƿ
ѾˣҲҪ׸ı֮ǰɱ
㻹ʥŮѧԺ˿̵ǧΨõӣ
ǧϵƶȻһ䣬ҹСϯͣ
ǧйϢϤɱ
Ů˹ȻҪ߱
̶ųǵĹԣǧֱֱǧ⣬㣬أ
Ʊ˵ǧǧŵõһϵɱҲҧЩգƬеΪȻҪһѵˡ
һ䣬һǳ̵ħǧ֣۾΢գһħΧ
ǧ΢ħ
о桭
ǧǧ⣬һĨ˫ͫĺѩ̹ǡħҪôδǰĺýһٻܡ
ϾħʦǺܴء
ǧŵ磬һֻƴԱһӴ͸ħһֱֱǧؿڡ
ǧ⻹δӦô£ͱ˳ȥ
һͬһ㣬ײǽϣڵϹ˼Ȧֹͣ
͡ǧһѪۻɫɴȹմȾңҲҲѵ
ǧ˷ţװе㣬㻹ðɣô˶˳ȥ
ǧͷӿһ裬ŭȵǧʣһʹʲôаʹұģ
ؿںۣǱһ
һжǧﺦģ
ǧĿ˲ķ϶
ǧܳ谮ĶС㣬λ࣬óһԼɡ
ǧͷḧԸظܵӽӲһ£ǧǳЦһһǣħ㣬аô죬˵һ᲻Ὣɱأ
ǧͫŭȣǧң
ǧջأЦñˣҸҲң
ǧⲻ֪ΪξЩëȻ㵽ô
ǧʲôû˵һѽϵ£ο϶кܶ࣬ȹٸЩȻҵаͻὫ



10 ԭʵ

ۣǧŵû¡
ôҲǧҵŮȻһвˣ޷ѡ
ѵʲôɣ
ǧ﷭ͣһ汻䣬ˣ
һתͶϣãлú˵ҿ׽㣬ϲδٸ
о˸ǧۣȴǲɫؽſ㣬ҵĺΣҪϢˣǲǸôߣ
ҪֵǮĶǧԼС˼ȴǿһԺ䷽ĲϣٶԸҲ١
ڴڼ䣬ǹԹԴǧ̵ֵǮɡ
շ
ǧһӵŤͷͰȫѾǵϣһȺûõĶߣӶ˶ò𣿡
һʱɢƬ̷˵ļһȫߵưСԺҲ徻˲١
СѾͷסӻơϸŴߡ
ͻأէ֣ǧȻعͷӣ㾹ȻҲܴӿռ
ΪֻӾǼڹŽĻǣܳ⡣
ôڹŽд֮ãɴ˿ѾѪѣȻܳˡ
˯ܹ꣬߳ռ䣬¼磬˷
Ĺ¼ţǧͷ΢΢һ¡
Ӿƽզզһʵܹ¼ŰɣϾ˯֮á
òЦţڱܹسԣԱȫζ
ǧ۽һ飬ˣֻӾġ
Ťͷֱӽݡ
ͷЩΣȥ콫䷽ϵҩ롣
ϣʱӦҹΪֵʱɡ
ױ̨ǰǧͭеԼһƾ̾
еŮ毺ãƵĴС°𪣬һ˫ˮͫӨ͸һգ䣬ͬС¹һʪʪЩˡ
ǧԼɲǣеһ䡣
㣬䣬齻֯һ𣬾ǡ
ǧվ㴩һϯ£ȴϵʣ绪
ӣҪȥҹУȥ𣿡
ûضų䣬ȥòŲҪҪԱ鳤ϵζ
ǧһѽ𣬡࣬ȺģȻʵ塣
ٴըëѾͷõȻʵ塣
ǧǳЦ磬ɣһ¾ͷǧҴԺ
ȸ֣ʮﳤΪϣֱߵĵƻ貣ֱζ
ǧʵڼªûʲô˻ע⵽
ƿ죬ԻŶӣСѾͷҪԶ



11 ҩݻͦ鷳

ǧˮͫż־棬˵óϵȫע⵽𣿡
ǱӾҪȥˡ
лһƣӼزԵø⣬С֣ŽѪ֮Ȼ˵ʲôȻˡ
ǧ˫˲ͬҫǳҲ˵֮˭
õͷѪ۾ӳ»£ԵЩұûϲⲻ⣿
ǧջĿ⣬ֻզӾ
̣ȫһӾ͵õҡ
ųĽҴӣǧЦ˻ǧλֵǮ䷽Ĳϣһȥ򼸼·
þצӣûʳ
ǧë࣬ĺУƻ¶١
෬ǧҩ䱦
ȸΨһһҩݵģⲢͨӣһ伫󣬼¥Ǵþˡ
һɹҩζƮǼ⣬ǧֻûˬѡ
ĵطҩݸ׬һɽɣ
ƹҪֽϵȫҩݡǧ䷽ݸƹ
ưС죬СѾͷ䷽˼ЧģҪʮݵ
ʮݣ
ǧ֪Щҩݵļ۸ƿ촽ƹģҪʮݡ
ƹһ䷽ϵݣˣСЩҩݶǲ˵ģҪʮݣ
ǧɻ󣬡һҪٽң
ƹȻǼˣδżªСǧݡݺɺʯЩҪһǧһ꣬ʮҲҪһҡ
ǧɫһΣͷң㹻ˡ
ǡƹ񻰷һתǣǧѩϡһҪҡ
ǧǮ䷽
޹գգ۾Ҳܹ
ǧú󿪿ڣǾȸݰɡ
ƹ¶ɫСǧѩݾͱͨǸĿˣϾⶫ̫ҲǴƫԶժġ
ݻôأ
ǧһҪǿ붼ûʹӦˣƹ·
ƹ¥ڵһ᷿᷿õ£Ϸһ¯̴㣬ȣһĨ˱Ƕ
һŽɫ۵ߺȲ裬ȵǰԶ೤
ī̧毺ð˲䱩¶ڿС
˵ҪǼҵǧѩݣ
ǧӣһ˫ɾЦӣһɲǣůġ
ǧǵģ𣿡



12 Ůԡ

īµؿͻȻһΣһƾէ֣СҾͦ죬ǧǸС㡣
ǧСϲͷѴȸִС
ָ籩ϯԭǣϲС㾹ȻܺƤħܣ˵ˡ
īʲô֮˵񿴵˵еķϲСվԼǰԵȤȻ
Ƿ
ӵ
ī𱡴۵ס
ǧվñֱ󷽷ţҵȷǧҵС㣬ʶң
īһڲˮһմˮ˲ʪ糺죬ͷѴȸ֣벻ʶ㶼ѣ˵ϲΪһϲļƷкã
˵ֱ˵ȫµˡ
ǧ΢΢šüЦůû뵽Ȼ㶾ࡣ
Ҳԣӵҩ¥󣬿϶ʲôࡣ
ǧﰵȴǵǷϲҲһűǿģûϲ裬Ҫ־棬ƶ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ϵİȫ¶ȼüʹȥӾ
ī΢٣漴Ц
ŮˣȤ
һͬèһ㣬Ϣߣ˶˵Ƿϲ񣬿ڼ㣬͸ˡ
ųԼԵī裬ǧͫһ
ϢҶÿ죡
λҩݵĸܲ򵥣
ܲΣգǧɫصһôҩݻˣ
㻳ͦɰīźԡ
ǧëȷԣƽʱզ̫
ī趢Ƭ̣㽫ָڴ䣬ЦֻɰӵķݶϣҾͽҩɣӴ
ǧ㶣û뵽ô˵ǡֻӾĸ
ǳЦһƹâл
ī迴üۣ¸Ũ´μǵǲۡ
ǧЦЦû˵Իģ˭ȸֻһҩݸǮ䷽Ҳ֪Ҫöã
ǧתȥǰҩ
īٴصǰһ˫ЦӽıӰ·Ҫ͸
ǧͷƤ飬Ųɼӿ졣
ЦůãѵΪֲ鷳Ǳ⣬˼ȴΪӣΪ
ҩǮǧʣµǮ˼·ͳʳͷǽصǧҡ
ưܷиľͰǧ뾮ˮҩ׼ϴԡ
һ˫۾ؿ
ŮԡҪ
ǧ·Ķסк˪ᣬתͷϸһؿռ䡣
ʱ˾ȵһĻˡ



13 ʦ

ԭվҪ͵ãȻӰ
ǧ۾΢΢͸һĨֻ̽ɫӵȥĶΪͻȻͲˣ
ʱһϸŴͨԺУСѾͷ㾹ȻǿƽŪռ䣬ǻûˡ
ϤզӳԺǧܾЩ˼飬˵ǿصռģ
˼ˣղֻһӾͱǿؿռ䣬ĪһԼͳ˿ռˣֻҪοռͻǲԳӾҲΥ
Ȼ㣬Ѿͷզ
ǧǳǳһЦէֳһĨ⣬ŶԭˣҺ֪һЩء
ռڵֻһɭһ£ŵò˵
ǧãѵϵ·
ͨһһԡͰС
ˮмһЩҩζţΪ˱ǿǧֻסҩζˮͰеˮȣѩ׵ļ̷ۺ죬ޣ˲ߢ
ܿ죬ǧ͸оҩԡĲ֮ͬҩЧȫ뼡һˬ˲٣Ҳһ˵ȫ

ǧſľͰԵǳߡ
ʱһӰǽǧңܿ㻤ǧԺӡ
ҫĹƮڣڷлһǧ˿ڼͷ紵ʱҵ棬ưܵС߶
ŲᣬϢ
ưܵľ󣬷βɵšüͷǧСǸϲ񣬵ﲻۣû뵽еĻҪҼ֡
ƿĿ⣬ܿͷľͰе
۾ţϹһ㺹飬Щ͸
ĿбӣԡͼԾ޷ȻģӽľͰͻȻһ¡
ҩԡ
ܰʣħʦͱʾͺñȶһǿĳ룡
Ȿʧ֮õ䷽Ϊλ֪
ֻƬ̵𾪣κָܿƽ
Ҳʱ򡭡
ǧ۾ৡһͬС¹һˮ۾˿̾ƽ˼;裬˺óһʱ䣬Ϊľ͵ϴ𣿡
ξӸµضĿ⡣
ɲţһ޲һ˪ۼ
ǧ˲һôˮһ㣬졣
ݵҩԡ䷽ǴĶ
翵ĺǧ΢šüͷܾмϤһĴ磬з
£ǧ촽Ц欣ʦԣƲڶ𣿡



14 Ȥ

ݱʶƣβŲҵؽ沼¡
ɲǣһſ׵ӳУǰӡǺƻһ㣬ųǧĹұ
ƯӡǣֶǵУ
ī˫ǧǵûЦøˣʱ޿̲˷ҩԡ䷽ԼŵģʦҲȤ𣿡
ЦȻû˵ƤӶûգһ¡
ûŮֻ֣֮л˺ˡ
һѵ·վǰκηӦ
ûӦ۰ͰͶԼǧĵͣҲһЩ˼ˣʦҹŮӵĹ뷿͵Ůϴ裬ȥǲðɣ
йڷ̤ӵһ̾Ѿ
û뿴˾Ҫʲôȴû뵽˾վľͰһֱ͵ϴ裬۾˲䣬ŷνĴʦ
Īǣʦ͵˵ã
ûϻһѿס
ϵı̵ǧһ
䣬һǽʬ
ƿɤ𣬡䷽Ѿʧ꣬㵽ε
Ҳʶ䷽
ǧüͷ𣬡żȻİɣʦϲҪҪһݻȥ
û˵Į·
ǰǧԼһֻûϵСﱻšһҲмֲ죬ҧгݵȻʦôϲǾһϴɡ
˵ţˮһ㣬һѳס󣬽ľͰС
ͨһˮɽ
ɫĳƮˮϣҫ۽ˮϡ
һ´ˮʪţ΢΢µ¶׳ļ֡
̬ȥΪˡ
û뵽⼡ѩ׵ļһﾹȻؼһǿ׳
ǧ󷽷ڰ׷жʱһ΢ʦҩԡζΣ
ηǰϲŭܺãЧ
ֵȻӣջ
ǧ׷һ⣬ȴЦò֣С¹һ۾ʪ޹ˣ˵ʦסͤУֲüѩףúܡ
˵ţ֣Ҫա
һѿס󣬺顣
ǰһŸҲˮ֣ǧһ죬ܾЩ߳ܣʦΪλһ˵ı飬һŮϴͲĶ
䣬ɵƿء
Ƿϲ
ǧѾ󣬽סҵӣ͵ϴ裬ңһѵ治У



15 ӡ

ǧ죬һҧļϡ
ƤӶûգһ£·ҧĲԼ
ȻĲǧһ
˵ı鵭øʬһһо޻ϣκηˣߣ򶨣
ҧ£·йһεļ̾ͱҧƣʱѪһѪζǧǼӡ
ƽһѪζѪҺ˴żȣû濴ȥôǧɿڣȾѪҺĴұѪƽһȵġ
δĿⶨСϣˣȻƽһ
ǧبŲĵȻ˫Цƽ˲һƽ˲ôĮ˵װأʦ
湻𣿡
䣬ϧؽַתǧľͰһƱǣס
ǰǯסûϵнţ
ǧһֱһɨĴϡ
ɲǣϴˮƬƬˮǰʱһ˲ɡ
ֱۣӿճһֻֽĽ׽ס
ǧƺͼõͷŵһֱֻ֣Ϯȥ
·ȴҲ
¶һĨȣȴֺܿƽֱӷľͰ
ˣǧֱľϵ·ϣݵվʦôʹľͰܳˣĪǣң
˵һʵ򲻹ҡ
ǧյšüͷ㻹ᡣ
û˵ī˫޲żӷ·ϿЩʲô
ǧͷƤ飬㿴ʲô
һۣǧ񻺻ƣڿʱͻȻһ¡
ǰѪɫ壬з·ʢѪҺӳڵƻ»š
ö壬ôЩϤ
ǧٿʱ򣬷ξȻ뿪ˡ
ιôˣǧľͰܵűߡ
ͷڵҹ͸ǹֻܿҫ䣬Ȼʧ
ղ壬Ѫ



16 ϵħ

ڵҹǧڻһ˼ȴôҲ벻ͨ͸
ղֻһƳûüʦǻһñӻ죬ֱļˡ
ӳǧ촽
ɲǣһֻ޵Ӿˡ
ðؽצӸ󣬵СѾͷ֮֮ܺȥ𣿱Ҳϵġ
ϻǧżɽӣӦ͸ռ俴ɣղûпϴŵİ壿
צӲΪõȷ͸ռ俴磬ɱǿƲ͵Ժ󣬱õҰͱסˣʲô
ǧ䶯Ŵ꣬˵
ô˵Լˣ
ôצӣ¶һΪı飬СѾͷѵ͵ϴ裿㳤ǲ̫ɱˣ˲Ӧϲӯ𣿡
ǧקסĳ䣬ղţƺѪ塣
ú۾Źĺ챦ʯĶ
ˡǧʼ硣
һצϣСѾͷûãôѪأøоһɽ
ǧ֪ͦѾзˣҵѪǳ¶

ͤڻʹһأŶ̤ȥôȥͤ
֪Щʲôð۾ǧȸ½壬Ҫʹǳ£ңʹĹϲٰᣬʱȥˡ
ǧ˫΢ӣ㶮ûͦࡣ
ûζëβͣڳһѧʶԨǲǱ۷ˣ
ǧëӲԺתͷͽ˿ռ䡣
ҩԡټϿռǵǧֻůģæ۾΢ա
ͬʱһϵԪǰƮɣѪƯӫƣǾ޶ˣ·һǧ
̤ռǰĻʱ˫һ¡
˵ĻԪز㾫ȣʲôˡ
ǧʶ·뵽һУһŻɫĹââųɫֽŹâץС
ɲǡ
ӺƱһ㣬ȷǳȴֽƽϢǧȻ۾һŻڽȼգ
ǧԼָ⣬ܸоԼƮƮģһЩ仯
ʣӣҵĻϵħǲǽˣ
عŹֵؿһۣĻϵħжס



17 ǧ

Ŷף
ǧЩʧؿԼƣһΪܶף뵽ͷ׶ѣ̫ˡ
һļϣϸɤӵͨҪһףԴĴҲҪһףһ׻㣿
ǧضĺ۾ĺ𣿡
һצϣǶѾʮˣҲľϵĽ׶ѣ˵Ѳ
ǧĦ°ͣôһ˵ȷʵͦѵġ
ʮ꾹ȻĽףҲ˵һףѽӵţ
ǧԼСĸΣЩƵǧһԴҲԴ㶺ˡ
һģȥѰѪҵ϶ùüǧң˳һᣬԽԽһƿͻƲˡ
Ĳпᣬְִһû·ֻһõСְԱ
ǿҪǿǧ΢΢սȭͷйâʢǳ
˿ռ䣬ǧ˯¡
̫ޣǧһů˹
ʱưܵķűߵ죬δǧ˵Щʲôһ񻨺һŮŶ롣
ҳǧһۣһƽǸ߰飬ǧС㣬ҼҶСȥƸ˵ҪһЩΣǧҼСȾˡ
䣬Ҹ߰ͷһŤһŤؾˡ
ǧнȾ⣬һССū澾ҲʹɫѲǰǧ
ϴһذ³Ƹȥ
Ƹǧס˵ǧ˻ؽΪģľףٻţԺλûһȻȪȪʹϵƣȫǸõĵط
뵽ԼưܲӣǧʧЦ
ͬǧС㣬Ȼͬ
ƸǧȻľڸ¥ɴڷƮ裬ƻãþɾһ㡣
ĴһۣС棬Լȥɡ
ȥǧŵһ̴㡣
һ¯ӣðǧ⴩һϮۻɫɴȹλϣ̬ţģöˡ
ã˰Һõȡǧ⽫ĿͶȥٿӲԭء
ǧ
ֻһŰɫɴȹŮվűߣǧ˿ڼͷֻһªľΪװΣƴСʩ죬ȴ°𪣬һ˫ˮͫӨ󷢹⣬ͬС¹һ㡣
㣬ν£ǧϣ͸ˮɢǵĹâǲǣҪθң



18 ж

ǧ˲
·Ůǧ
˵·ªǵ̯ϾͺϵȵĽһ㣬ʣƲ۾
ǧҧʶֽסϵĲ豭
÷кʱһƯɴȹˣǧ۲һΣһĨͻȻ۵ף͵İɣã͵ɲá
ǧĿ⣬ڰ׷˫ͫоۼһĨϵɴȹƯӶϵȵĽаɣֲ»Ҫ͵
ǧһ㶣Ѿͷˡ
ǧһתĿüҪ͵϶͵ϵȵӣ͵һֲΪɵ𣿡
ǧ£ȭͷʮָʺĶޢԵ÷ұ˵ҲԣǧҵĶŮǸϲҲ͵һֲ£Ƕˡ
ʼղһϲὫܣ˹ŹСɱν϶ʧ٣
ǧĹ˸ܳϴúο
ǧ󣬲㽫ϵı飬ȶŵãҽսЩ㡣
ǧ۾΢óơ
ǧ֣һѾŽп
Ѿ߽д򿪣ɲǣһҫ۹âӽɢ
ǧЦŽкãȫǶƽϲΣȫˡ
ӣһЩƯΣȫһЩ
ǧӹУ˲һֵζӽд
ǣж
ǰعڵѪĹй񣬶ԶҩҲУƤӵͶֱ޴
ǧɫйϣһЦл㣬Щ̫ƯҶϲ
ǧ⿴ñ⣬һĨԹϲͺãûȥԺǵðδϣ϶ܺʡ
ЩҪΣȻˣ
áǧ䴽ɤżϸŴζ
С¹һ۾ǧ£üͷҵãȻҪˡ
λǰôû֣ﾹȻһź
ǧŽУ΢΢Ƿ㣬ҾȻȥˡ
ǧڰ֣ϲӬһ߰ɣҲ緹ˡ
ǧЦţת˲ЦȥһĨɭȻɫ۵ο
صӣǧһѽ˦ϡ
ľҡҡ׹
Сϣצһ㣬α˶ʱ϶ҩͻ裬ʱ͵̱ˡ



19 ҹƸ

ȷжǧд򿪣ÿ϶˲ͬĶҩǻý졣
͵ؿۣСѾͷþˣӾҲˣο
ǧĿһֱ
˶βһ޹˾ͲˣܽĶҩɾͺˡ
Ҫ򵥣óԱʳҩǱȰѵʳһԶεϣͷһ
ɲǣҺɣǧĲѡ
ʲôôġ
ӽ͵õҺܽҩ֮ܽܽܽУ˵ǲǺţ
ţǧǳ˳飬ʵ̫ˡ
Եһڶҩӣ˳һãԵúˬЩҩĶԲǿζһӴ
ǧܿͷĶѾʧ
ֻӾС
ޱߣȻŤСƨɣNɪرQǸ㺦㣬ôŹ
ǧ΢̧һ˫ǵôܣҲŲʲôˡ
ղϲôڰͲһˡ
õɴ۾զզָ໣СѾͷ̫ˣղŵĹ˳ԭȫƭ˵ģΪҶĬ
ǧǳЦӯӯӿռȡһҹ¡
ҹڷߣգǸɻµĺӡ
һӰԱһݶԾһ˲ͽƸ
ƸиûκֻмѾ̸ģҹĻʹѾߴ˸Ƿ׷׻صӶ˷׼˯
ǧ׼ʱٴݶԾ£ֱӽǧĹ뷿
Ĺ뷿һƬīڣžǳ
ǧҹ˼ۣͻȻ˫ǧ⾹Ȼã
ǧױ̨ǰÿξȫյռС
ĳһ򿪣ͻȻ滹вٺö˽һһЩͽ׵ĵҩȫǺöҪã
ʱָָһԵĻƿСѾͷ÷⻨ƿǸأұŲһ¡
ǧŲŻƿɲǣֻú¡һ죬һССӳ
ûرQȥпŵ
ǧǰȷһŵ滹һ޻ůʣǧƺ뽫ŵ
ʲôǧǿŵůĸоѡ
öǿŵͻȻڵСѾͷѵԲһֻħ̣ʲôħޱһʱҲ֪



20 㰴ˮ

ħޣ
ǧͷһ۾΢΢
ϵħ޼Ϊ׺߰ҪԼһֻǿħޱضҪˣħԼԻȽס
ŵһֻħ̣Ǹľϲ
ǧϻ˵ؽսռ䡣
˵ССٻع鵽ԭλ͵¼һ
Ĵ˼ۣЩȱȱСѾͷôڷ
ǧϸڷѰ֮㣬Σ
еĺöȫϴһգҲЩȱȱ
ðų䣬Ѫ˸һаâô׷ŹӦýɡ
òצӱȻһ˫ȤζȻаǳ
ǧ˼ֻӾǧһѵԼҲôģǧ̫Ҹ¶ԭ˲֪ٻˡ
ϧ㾹Ȼڷų䣬׺â
ǧһתɲǣһĨӨڶɲǣۿ֪ˣҪҪȥƣ
õ˫Ȼ𣬡ߣȥ
ԺȪ
ȪԻľʢ滨ľڷʱӳǼ䡣ǧؽȪУϷһƻһЩζʳǧһһ߳ʳһ㡣
һһöڻľй۲ǧһһ
ȪڵǵӰӵɴ漴һĨɫĿɺۼӱǼðۣСѾͷã¶ļͷð𪡭
ǧһۣǼĿɺɫҺʱ˶ˣʣӣ𣿡
ظǳԣԣʳˡ
ǧЩԶԡ
²ؿˮϷǧ⣬
ǧ˾ͿȪԵĿ
ǧ÷£èӻǧ⿿£
Ϣģǧȫ֪ԺȪᱻ˴룬ɱ۾ɢ
ǧٿۼֿؽǧⰴȪС
ǧ⻹ҵУͻȻǼֱⷺӺһȪˮɫζȪˮڶĵ¡
Ȫ˼£ȴôҲӲǧǯơ

˭ҹƸ󣬲͵ϴ軹ˮˡ
ǧתͷϧؽˮ
ٺȵѺȵȪˮǧü壬ƿڴ˭ҹСƸҿǧҵĶСҾûкùӳԡ



21 Ƹ

ȪˮҲûϴɾų죿
ǧõüͷֱӽˮУַֽкá
ǧֳһᣬ漴ֱһȪˮ˭ſҡ
ôӲݴڳֱֵצӣСѾͷɾַñѪڣñҲɡ
ҰɣƸкö챦ǷŹҵĻ챦͹ˡ
챦
ǧ㱳Цñ⣬챦类ɨһգԺԻᾪŹȰɡ
ǧû˵ĿҪ͸
ǧֽܲӣֱһֵΡ
³䣬ֱӲȵȱȱôεˣεһû˼ˡ
ǻƸڣҾͲˡ˵ţǧϵľƺǺÿϻǶżƯʯӦֵͦǮ
ǧƺռУɵشȪ뿪
ǧⱳϲȼţŸǧĽŲСѾͷô죬Ҫˡ
˲ٺöƷԹ
ϢƬ̣ǧʼҩԡݺҩԡԺռ
ȴռڵڣ۾ʱָܵǸ棬һŻɫĹâȴôҲץס
ѣϲ¶һĨʧ
ŻǰȴûܰУûܽס
СѾͷѾòˡļ򣬰οֻҪһýܿԽףɻϵħʦ

ǧԼƣоղʱܸоڷǳ˳񱻶һô˵ƿˣ
գԲĴ۾ȷʵƿˡ
ǧͷ⣬û뵽ƿ졣
ղڰο𣿡ǧֱֱã޷ͻƿԶǶ׻ϵħʦ
ᳶ죬ĿдűģõԴУûͻƶף
ſ΢΢սǧйâɣһҫͣôܣֻССƿҾͻƣһܴﵽʥף۷壡
ɲǣذɫɣͬѩһ㻮һкһ˲âţ绪
ŴͣؿһѾȻƣǻֱѹĸо
СѾͷֱǷˣ
ýеľȣϻ˵Ͽ
ǧӦһ˼ʱȴûκν׵ļǧһռ׼˯
ϱӣǧһմͷ˯
õ峿˲䱻һơ
ǧ۾˸һưâ˭
һŶ룬ֺǧС㣬ȥ˵ҪҪ㡣
䣬ֳӿ˼ۣвһĨǷסõط˵Ļ硣
ģ̧̌Ƥӣã֪ˡ
ֲס༫Ϊ׺Ҳƽ̧ܲͷӣ˵ҲϸϸŴŴģôһƵģ
ʶǧֲۣɫɤӵϲˣǧСϴ˾Ϳȥ
ǧޱӦһ֪ˡ
һӵɻתˡ
һߣǧֻϴ
˼ҹػ࣬ľҪȥϡ
ͷϣֻ͵鱻ˣҪء
ǧذ£ܣʱǧѱסҵݣҲû˵ҹǧҸɡ
̯צӣ̾˿໹ǸӣҲΪ̡
ǧ룬Ŷ˭˵ء
һͼвУίԼ
ǧҵԺӺܴһֽζ񣬺߰ǽۣοյ׭͸ܿԺ᾵ļɽһζ
ѩ׵ǽϴɫ̣ܲƣⷬ¡
ͼǸ˵λϡ
漸λ޵ǧ⣬һ˵ǧˮ
ǧλϵǧٷſڵǧ㣬ȥƸ󣿡



22 ֧Ͱ

ӹһƷâǧȻǧٷ磬ǧٷвεЦǶλ˵Ӳϲ
ǷϲԼҵϲԲᱻ۸ǧٷĬŻԭңڴһûܹһĸ
ǧȭһâȥãȻһֱҵԺûȥƸ󡣡
ǧٷһɲǣ豭еĲˮɽ˵˵ȥƸ󣬻䱦ϯһգ֡
ǧóӣ۽Ǳߵᡣ
ǧٷ翴ʱۻˡ
үҪΪǵһõɫ廨۵Ů˿ڣ毺ã֮ȫǳġ
óӣӲ˼ᡣ
ǧĿһλŮ
λǧǧˮף˵ǶҵŮΪ˰ţеѾСѱѵ÷еĿҲƹܣɼֶζ
ǧ۾ɴҡͷҴӳǷϲ˵һϲܴƸĽľϵħʦֺƽվ
ǧٷɣ⡭
ϲܶĽħʦ֣
˵ȥֱǸЦ
ǧⱾû뵽ȴϲı˷
գˮۿдתʪû֮Ůǰ˲ȥӾͼʲôûǼѾ߾͵ڵǹ졣
ǧٷ级Ȼ飿
ᣬ޿ģս˾Ͳ˿ڽǣʱͼΪǱǱ۸ˣɰӾûҺү˵
ǧٷһһףǧ㾹۸㣬֮
ϣ
ǧˮŲˮЦӯӯؾ䡣
ǧǳǳһЦ¶ǰ˼㲢ûпڽǣ෴Ĺϵõúܣն㻹ҺöΣھʹء
˵ţÿһ֧ƯѪӳС
ǧָ϶͵ġ
ǧ֧ǲ͵ģǧٷĿһССϲϵӡ
ǧҧҪˣǶҵİ
ȻߵǧߣеӾϣٿֻӿ϶ҵġ
϶͵ġǧⲻͣЦ֧ϴ˶մȾжġ
ǧɫһۼֿؽס
ǧͫ׽ô
еѪһһ㳯ۿҪˡ
ǧüͬأɭ䣬ϸ֧Ѫǲҵģ



23 ȵʳúó

ǧⱾܵػʱоһֻεֶסĺú˳Ե
ǧйâէ֣ƮƮѹȸȴʮ㣬㣬ǵĹϵãΪβϣںÿЦ𣿡
ǧⱻѹôۿѪӾҪϣ谭ãǶͿˣ֧ӵȷǶġ
ǧЦؿ㲻˵ҲһĨѹ¶
ǧܾԼһӿͷһ£ǸҲûпΪʵ
䣬ҧһסȻ˵ΥĵĻ
һɸ֣⣬𣿡
ǧⴹŮˣ޷޷Ƹ󣬵ˡ
ӣɫб䡣
ǧٷɫѿ⣬˶ûŪ˭Լҽãõʧ
ǧһСϴһĨǻˡĵȷȷʧˣҪΪ
ǧٷ̫ѨЩۣһ취ġ
ֲδκһʱô
ѾѾˣҾȻȥˡǧǳ˵š
ǧٷ̧סȻѾˣһ緹ɡ
ǧ˫ŤǧˮǳЦӯӯŵ޺
ϵĲޱȷʢɢС౻ʢһֻ໨ɴϻһЩƽʱԲ㡣
ǧǰʢȸ̼ˣǧ˳ԵþȻáǰԭԵöû׵ˮ˵ĻȵĶ
ΪԭǸϲ񣬾Ϊԭ΢Ѿߣñ
˲ĺ
ǧһڵ˱裡
ǧԽбЦðģãƽһֱԼԺԶûԹôʢ緹ɣ
ǧٷһ𻨸⣬ʲôûԹֻûɣ
ǧˮЦ㣬һѵһԷҪһЩ
ǧҵǧϲŭɫƽȷûҲûԹǰԺԵöȵĶû뵽ʵʳﾹȻóԡ
Ůɫһ
ƽղԹôݣ
ǧٷϿȥͼɫˣȵĶ
ǧ޹գգ۾ǰȵģʵӶʱζͦġ
ǧٷ糯һۣҲǧҵĶŮñ磬Ǵȥǧҵ
ŵĸβЩ¼ū澿ģүúùܽǡ



24 ʼҵĹ

ǧٷһɫͣǾͳԷɣ˵Щĵˡ
ЦĶˣãǲ˵Щ¶ˡ
䣬ɫسǧ˼ۡ
СﾹȻ״Ļ⣬Ѿɹǵ
ǧü޶ԡ
ǧС࣬Ц˵ʹҪٰˡ
ǧˮпӣЦ˵εĻʼҹͬѰǲİ
̸ʼҹ磬ǧٷ䴽Ц𣬡λʼҹȷͬѰ˵ſμӣⳡʮĺƴ󡣡
ǧ΢ȻҪʲôʲôʼҹȥˡ
ǧ̿ˮ΢𣬡˵εĻʼҹϵѧԺѧǲģ
ѧԺȸ½ģΪӴ󣬵ʦԴΪѧԺҪѧԺѧϰѧӺ࣬ȴΪƶѧʧ֮ۡ
һȥѧԺѧϰâɣΪ˾ħʦߡ
ġǧٷ¿ӣ֣صһ磬ʵһſѡ
ǧɻ󣬡ѡ
ǧˮϲͷѱ
ѧԺѡǧٷ绰һת۵ʼһᰲſд裬Ӷѡγʤߣʤ߽õѧԺơ
ǧǧˮȻɴ۾
ѧԺ
һô˵Ļᰡ
˵ѧԺĲ죬һͨ˿϶ᱻˢе츳ҲЩܵõʸǸöá
ǧǧˮȭĶ֡
ʸ񣿡Цŵ⣬ˮǿҪŬ֪𣿡
ǧٷ翴ǧ⣬ĽľϵħʦܵõʸĻܴ󣬵ʱɵöŬΪǧ⡣
ǧЦ壬Ů֪ˡ
ǧˮаâ˸
ʱǴҲȥǧٷߣź룬̸㣬ǽ
ǧһ㶣Ҳȥ
ǧˮҲ
λ׿ԽĴ㣬ĿǰܶһʥŮȻҲҪȥһ
ǧٷ粢֪ھʲôЦǴȡ˺ѧԺʸȥʹҲͼֶѡ
һ˲˿
ֻȥ֣Ǿͺðˡ
ǧɫ˸ţʲôѧԺ޹أֻȥͤ
꣬С¹һ۾ˮ޹Ҳȥμӻʼҹ𣿡
һЦ
ǧ´ޱ߳һϲҲȥ֣붪ǧҵ棬



25 ô

ǧٷӣɫ΢΢³ǧ޷ûûȥʼҹ֣㻹Ӷò
â˸ʱȴɢȥǧֻȥмＸԼףôȥء
Ⱥǣȥʹӡ
ǧˮŴǣἰϴȥʹʹ˻ʺİƿȥ᲻ִ
ǧٷԣɫѿ
ûõӣǸôͲħצأ
ǧšüǧˮǹģųʵĻǧ⻹ҪЩ
Ҳһɿ𣬷ɫޢָżޱȣǣͱȥˣòǺúڼЪŰɡ
ǧһתͻȻЦ壬ȥɣȥ˻ܳгõ׿ԽǺܺã
ǧٷ΢٣Ĭ
ǧ۾ڳС˼
ѽϲȥˣܳг
ȥȥɡǧ⹴Цô󷽵壬Ҳᱨֻȥ֣Ҳεġ
ǧˮ·Ҳ뵽һ㣬Σ˵ûȥȥɡ
ǾȥɡǧٷĿǧԸ㲻Ҫ򣬵ʱɶȲ㡣
ǧͷ˸ۡ
һˡҪķһ²ſϷУֱˡ
֪ˣҿ϶ᴳġǳǳӦһ
һٷԵȻζԵᱳۡ
ǧһصӣ̱ڴϡ
һٷȿ̿ҪۣõһѪ壬ǧե֮Ҫ·
СѾͷȥʹμᣬ㻹ģϱı
ǧ°ͣһΣװƭĻᣬɱҿֶźá
̯צӣֻףˡ
һֻסӾ
ǧһۣʱѪˣ䷽ĲѾ꣬ҵٳȥ򼸷ҩġ
۾𣬹ֱȥûҪԿ
һֻʳӾ
ҩݸǧ˽ʮҩģΪϴι˵Ĺϵƹʹؾͽҩˡ
Σûī裬λֶߵˡʵҲָ鷳òҪӴ̫࡭
ܿ죬պĻʼԼ
ǧǧˮû֦չ׺黨ԶԶȥһŻʥɴȺƮʱ֬ˮζڿУɲǣ֮С
硭ǧһ磬ʲôˮ۰Ǵ̱ǡ
ãǧջǴһϯɫ£žͨƽ񣬿ɢȴС
ǧ˼ۣͻȻɫȥμӻʼҹ磬һװô£



26 ȥͤ

ǧգգ۾ӵ㣬ҽȥֻȥĵģǴúÿһЩǵķͷͦϲװģòÿ𣿡
䣬ĵתһȦɲǣȹɢ˵ѩɫһ
ǧϵĲɫ黨۱Цȷʵѡǵ̨һССϲȥѾ٣Ǵû֦չָҪ˵İۣһȥ˻ʹǵòҪ֪𣿡
ǧͷڵһ貹ΣлĽ̻壬Ҷһһš
ҲֻǼţʱųϣҪξΣ˭ܵţ
ǧˮ˳ǧӣڳһ˵ģ㣬ʱˣǿЩɡ
ǧҸһ£ͷĽɫ׹Ʈҡһɵģȫǲһ֪۶
ǧָָЦݵ⣬ãǰͷͬһģͷռ䲻ܲίһں
ǧ˳ĽëûϵҲġ
֪Ϊ׼ģҲ޷һҲֵڣÿαƵЦ
ʹ
ǧƿӣɲǣȸϵķʢӳС
˵ȸ½׻½ÿ½ĵط׽ǲͬԺпգҪȥÿ½
ϻεֵǧƨۡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͣ
ƿС㣬ǰǻʳǵĹˣҪС
ǧطȥ
ʳΡ룬һžһ֮
ǧȥ۶ʹɵĹŴʳӳʱһ¡
ǧһۣЦ⼥ãǰôҲʹôʧ̬ûĴֱѾͷ
ǧüʳޣұ֮ѹЩ
ǧˮЦεεġ
ǧģûˡ
ǧЦ
빬ţŨصİ֮
ǧȶ񣬺ܿӦˡ
ʹþˣᾼɽƯľӦоУÿһǻƲӲӵģǿܶңǲ֪ͤĶ
ǧΣӭƼŻŮ˹
һǧǧˮ̸ˡ
һϲû˻ǧ˳ȥżһ㣬СӺܿʧǰ
ȥͤ



27 ʲô

ʳټ󣬾һԹвͻʧС
ǧ;һεļǺţԷԼ߶
ת˼ȦҲ֪ԼĶˣΧȻƧ滨ݵͦ࣬һľҡҷһʱҲ˼ֹ֮С
ǧ˿ܣܾɭɭЩˡ
˼ȦǶྐྵһƵ¥ӳС
¥ڶƲϣϸһƾмɼ֮¥ľŽգһظ
ǧȻ½Ų˸ͣ
ֻƧطȻһÿ¥󣬾⡣
ģ̌ſҶ˼ۣɲǣĴӳС
ǡͤ
ǧҶϵĴ֣Щ˼ĵɴ۾
ȤϹ߶ҲҵͤҪ̫ã
ǧҪǰţȴͻȻͣס˵ʦͤϲˣʵ۵ŰݷҲ֮⣬һССϲܽȥŹˡ
תתǾֻӲˣ
ǧǽϣ˲䣬ɵǽĶˡ
һ˲¥ڵķ羰ۣþͬɾһŸ󻨲ݣмɽ˼Ư𣬵񻨵Ĵ΢΢ӱ紵֨߹졣
ǧͣܿʹǽ¡
غǧС¥̽Ѱҡ
¥Ҳô󣬷佩ʬĶ
ʱһǧһ٣ľӺ档
¥᷿дǾͲǰȥˡҹ¥ڵѾ˵
Ѿ߸˸æȥˡ
Ѿһߣҹֳֽ¥Ѳߡ
ǧ˼䣬ٿ۾佩ʬԭ¥䣬ȥ
¥Ĵһһȥɾèһֱ¥ǧûżȥ
ὫƿһõŵķӳУӭ綣죬ϵ¯Ʈɢˡ
ǧ˼ۣûַεӰӡ
˵¥
أ
ɽʬˣ
ǧ˼ۣͻȻһĿĺӳС
ͷһȻϿȥǡѪɫ壬˿ӳ˸貵⡣
öǼǰδŵģĺѪ塭
ǧסһ̷ݣоǰٻһһӽźҲҫ۴Ŀ
ߵǰָ⽫𡭡
ʱһ翵ϣżɭ֮⣬ʲô



28 򲻹

ǧһѪɫŸո𣬾ͱһֻ޳Ĵָˡ
ſտҲƣҧҧŤͷ˹ȥ
۵һҫɫĳۣȻֿǧɫķ˿Ʈ裬ǷŲ԰׾¾Ϲǿյĺ޲˿̣Լ
ǧĿ⣬ٴβ˲
ǽʬ۵׻ûбģţֱ񱻶һ
ҧҧվԭʲôû˵
ôδ˳Ľëͬȡ
ǧŤͷü壬̽㰡ʦ
ǿյĺҫӿϢŭε֪̽㲻ǡ
䣬ʳָĦǰ壬дżִ̽
ĿģǧܾԼǱһӵ̽ģˣҧһڣǴˣ
΢ʶԼļ
գСŮҧúֱǵӡԾûˡ
˫翵֮л
ǧ򴽽ǣ佩ʬ˵û˼Ƶģֱܰ
ۣĿеİϣеѪɫ岻ܸҿ𣿡
ǾѪ壬ղŵٻԲд
ν˽е壬ɫ˫żӣʶö壿
ǧüĿһмϤܸҿһ𣿡
ν䣬ƮƮˮܣҼһ˿
ǧһ飬СмŤ

˻㶪
˵Ѷݸ壬û뵽ȸ½ĴʦȻ
ǧһڸܲˣòһλʹòҵͤԲֶܿ飬ȻǾֻˣ
ˮͫ䣬οһֿ׼ݣֱֱ׼İϮȥ
ۿҪϵĶдʱ򡭡
һֻƿϮֱӽס󣬷δޱ֣򲻹ңҲˡ
ô񰲸һżֿ˵ζ
ǧҧҧʢ˼ŭһߣʮϥϡ
βתҫĹʱһĻͬ˻಻ϣһУֱӽҵСǯ֮䡣
ɲǣһŨϢһɺŵıζ
ǧȻһ۲΢΢ζ
ǵϴڶ޳εʱҲһɺŵıζǼ⣬ʱλʦס
δ΢Ĵһһϣ˵򲻹ҡ



29 ҺҪ

ǧŭɣĵ׵ɢ٣ҾԴС
˶ȴ޷ǯơ
ζüۣ޲ɤڶ𣬡ֻҪӦҲٴע⣬뿪ͤһϽŵ
ǧйâէ֣ǿ㣬˵Ҳͬأ
ۣ΢һ㶪ȥ
ǧšüЦ˵˵ȥǳȥֳȥķʽͦģܲѡַʽ
ɻ󣬡֣
ǧ촽ˮ˫ǵҲõҪĶ뿪
䣬ǧ˸һž⣬ɲǣĴһСȼղϡ
ϵħҫۣǲϻۣա
ֻһȸӣźɫʱ
ǡϵħ
ǾޱȵĶ׻ϵħ
Ų׾ܶ˺һֵ顣
δζ״ţǧĽһԵϡ
ܵǿҵ𶯣ϵ¯žડأ˲䣬̴ɢһء
һص¯ǧֿٽĿͶϣдżֽ䱸ͻ񣬡ʵ˵˰ɣҶܸȤܷãǽң۶ٽҶԽܡ
ν׽˿̽壬ǧСϲ޷Ϊܴ߶ϵħһ

ǧգգ۾˲ԭء
ǧ߶ľϵħʱӣҪҲһħɫͬħ󣬿ɵҲûħһһ
ǧͣһʱ֪ôش
˵üͷƺҪ壬ܸң㾿Ҫʲô
ϴģȴֻа飬طǳ
һ˸ע⵽ǡ
ιеĴ΢΢սеĶȴ˿͸ҡ
ǧվϣӸµķǳҪɾʲôԭ޷档
һ˦ϢسǧԣȻٴοס󣬡ҡ
ǧȣÿٶȡ
νԽԽ
ǧšüʹʱһֵȫԺкһͼҪ׵ס
ôˣĲԾδš
ǧɫһ壬֣ҺҪˡ



30 ׻ϵħ

ǧͻȻ޷ƵƿȻں佩ʬ򶷵ʱͻȻˣָоʮ΢ô˲
Ҳһ˲񣬴ŴžͻȻˣ
ʮҲǵһ
νɿһװɣڴڼǲģɰġ
佩ʬ䣬˵Щʱȴ˺ǰģݵԵʶһЩ˿ԸĿݡ
ãǧ£
ʱԺеͼҫۣһžСͼƯתʤաǧʶС渽һ˲鷢ˡ
ЩСͻȻ񷢷һһѷȫ뵽ڡ
塭ͻȻúȣҪһ
Ϯǧǰĺˮÿ챻ʱϵͻȻʧһޱȵĸо֫ٺӡ
ЩƮƮģɵһ
ǧȻ۾еһȻҲͻȻɢȥԼƣɲǣ˷ۡ
׻ϵħĽˣ
˷ȹվھĵģǼһӺ˫ţѪӨ⣬˷
ǧЦôŵ˹ȥ
ǰվû·һ
ǧ֣̽ȥ
ٿǿĴһ
ǧֻһתӦʱԼڷλУĴȡϣ
ƣǧѪװģ
ܵŮ㣬ƤӶûգһ£ͷ·һûĻûװֻǱܷӦѡ
ǧͷյҧֱϣ˵ƣ治֪ôᵱϴʦġ
û˵üͷûһ¡
ǧɿڣؿֱϵӡʵΪβ㣬Ϊβƿң㲻𣿡
͵СҧһڡĿϲҧˣ
С
ǧҧɫЩѿҲСҲϲҧˡ
°ͣɲǣĿԣζٴοڣҿȽ㣬ǡ
ǧоϲȴǽ䱸ۣʲô
λĮ޲˫üҷ츳ǲȥѧԺѧϰƺЩϧȡѧʸöұ㡣



31 һеѡ

һӴ͸룬÷еĴӶ졣
ǧзҲ翵
ȥμӻѡߴս
ȡõһ
ǧ΢򴽰꣬˲Щˣò˵ǧֻģûбμʲôѡȡõһⲻˣʲô
θй񣬡Ϊһ죬ʲôѴ𣿡
֪ϴδ˻ʺİƿνҲҺ˵˵ŪĻᡣǧĴĵûҸûбһȷͲܸˡ
΢΢ͷɫĳ˲ǰʵۻӡ
һ䣬ֵӴЩض˶֮ŷִ˿˫ϣղŵľٶҲʵһЩ
һ̹˵ȥʵȡ
εǰӡƯһж׼μ𣿡
ǧ䴽ЦΪͷһܾܾ𣿡
νſٴγĬ
ǧ˼ۣͻȻżᶨâģΪöҾԻѧʸ͵ſɡ
䣬ǧеĲᣬӴз¡
Ųڷ֨߹Ĵӣüë̾һʵţΪƫҪ
µѾͷ
ջĿ⣬
ǧ¥ڳ󣬾ѭõıԭ·ء
һŵĻ԰ڣܱ߰ٻޣһŵ񻨽˿ľϰڷһζ㣬ЩѰûм
ｻַǳ
ſǾۺһȾƺѣ϶Ц⣬ȴЩһ˼Ǳѡߣѧֻһ˿ǺøǣһȴǾߣҪһͷѪ
ǧѭ԰
ɲǣ˵Ļʳ;Ǽ⡣
ʵۻδҲûпʼȺſȴѾЩûûصģȴûһ˸վ˵
ǧ˸վţϲҲû˻
ʱһֻ˼¡
ǧͫһݣؽֻֿסǿ
һ£漴ЦǺôҲһ֮Ե㾹Ȼ´˺֣´ҩ䱦ҿҪ˰
ҩ䱦
ͦϤ
ǧŤͷ˹ȥ˫ͻȻһ£Ҳμѡߴģ
ī衣
ɴһɫĽۣһЩ»һ֪ǳ֮֡
Ц⣬ůһӵμӵİɡ



32 ʥŮǧѩ

ǣ
˵úǻʼӲһ
ǧᳶǣ㲻˵
ī費ϲĳĬЩвסأҲμѡģ
ǧü¡
ī轫ֵڴ䣬ڳһӵ˵ϴʹʹһƿǧ˵ӿ϶㱨μӣȻʱʧӾҪܴһĳЦҲֻģûбɡ
ǧһתһǹʱ۵ףһӾͲ³ˣһо޴ʣ²µĳ
ʣī迴Ц˫м⣬ģ
ǧֻЦ
˼ī°ͣڽյѡ߱ԽԽȤˡ
ʱ԰еſȫֹͣ˵ˣˢˢԲιȥֻ
һϯ߹ڷƮҡȻĻˮĲˣҫ£һ毺ôżϵ¶
Ƥ۵Сͦǣɫ˫ԣһλΪƯ߹ŮӣһһõζʱĽŮӣš
ֳַȣȶǶ˼ħ޾ˡ
νħ޾ˣıǽԳħ޵ԴУҪȡֻܽħ޵Դ˿
ǧķȡ
ħʦõǷȣλŮħʦˣ
ŮӴԲιڻ߳ɲǣһӳǹ˺԰еĻ㡣
ʱſǾ
ûв´ĻӦþǧҴСǧѩ
ţǧѩͱ͵ʥŮѧԺѧϰǶһʥŮֵõȥѧԺѧϰĳɾ͸߹ڳеͬˡ
ǧѩò˫û뵽Ȼˣ˵Ķˡ

ʥŮ
ǧѩ
Ǹ˴㣿
ˣī賶˳䣬ЦЩ㱻Ϊȸ½һţʼҲҪֱ棬㣬ȸ½һϲ˴½˶ǲǾͦ磿
ǧ磬Ҳˡ
ī趢üۣʵʵ¡
ǧҵĻûš
īӣЦ˳
ʱȺֱһǻϺͻʺˡ
ʵۣޣʺŷڣǱüãȻѾѮϿκƣƯޡ
ǧʺһۣ뵽Ǹƿûκκøˡ
ȷʵĺˣ
һƿѣҪ
μϣʺ󡣡ǧѩ΢΢ɫĿ衣



33 ҿռ

ǧѩûʵĶȴֲ¡
Ҳż־⣬ʥŮضμ޾ٰᣬá
ǧѩ΢΢վֱӣЦڴǹ𣬾һܽػϾٰŮôҲңΪŮȡѧʸŮصлġ
ʵߣźЦôҪʥŮĸл
ǧѩЦЦȡһ㣬ͻȻһС
д򿪣ˣʵ۱£ⷽһöʥŮѧԺƵĵҩöյǵͽ׵ģҲʱõ°빦ãʵѵá
ҩΪͽףн׺͸߽ףÿ׶ζһһٵƷʣȼƷԽߵҩЧԽá
öյɫΪị̄ԲǳΧӫɫƯʣܼ˵ûҲߵļ۸Ǯһõ
öյΧٴξ
ȻյʥŮȻ¡
ϴȥյǸ򲻵ȥ᳡ǺҲ򲻵
ʥŮùϵҩܹˡ
ʵյָҲɲһ£Ȼյǻãöյһͻƽס
ǧѩЦݵ壬ϲ¡
ʵۼ˵
ǧǱߡ
ôҲյȤīַˡ
ǧҡҡͷǡΪлƾճֽУ
ĪǣҲһҿռ䣿
ǧ򴽣ͻȻЩˣΪҿռֻС
īЩȵؿۣȻ֪ⶫ
ô𣿡ǧգգ۾ùŹְ
īϸһȻЦЦҲѹ㲻֪ϲǧӦúͬ˵顣
ǧͷȴ˵
īֵΪʲôƾճֶΪϴһָ
ָ
ĹŽһ
ī֪ӽ͵㿴ҲһָָܴŸõܹ󡣡
ģ̌ȻָϴһöɫĽָŻżΪȫûĹŽǰϾɡ
ֻܴ𣿡Ŀռ䣬û˽ȥء
ѵ㻹ŻīһۣǾˡ
õҪĴ𰸣ǧЦ
ʵ۽н̫࣬漴ֿڵʥŮҪٰѡߴΪЩſչʾһ¸Ϊ߽׵ħ𣿡
˵Ѿױϵħʦһϵɫͺ˵ĲͬһɫƯ
ǧѩãΪչʾŮҡ



34 ħ

ǾͿչʾ
ʵ˵꣬ЯŻʺϡ
ǧѩ΢Цֳַվڻ԰룬һɴȹ裬ͬһֻֻɫĺ
ſһʱզ
ʥŮȻħʦ
ͬǲĽ׶ѣ˱ˣ
ܿ췳һɨգֱֺʥŮģǿ׵ıϵħʲôӵġ
ʥŮʥŮ䡭
ǧѩվ룬˿߸ϵŮ˵׷Ķʱ
ͿʼչʾǿҪˡ
䣬ǧѩ߸߾ȣһµ³ţһ͸ħűڶ
ͼڣصħǸ߸ϵıѩŮ
ǧǸ󣬲˳˼
ħʦҲҪȻԼ
찡Ǵ˵еǹ⻷
֪ǣ
ǧ⡣ǧѩȻ۾ɫڶʱһƱѩٴʱֻá
˶һ˲ˡ
Ǳ԰ȫѩˡ
ǽҲһ㺮˲Ϯȫ
ǣǧ⣡
˿ǧѩĿΪȣҲΪ
ŮǱѩŮ
ǧգգ۾Щȣ׵ĸ߼ħ
Ȼ԰ǣõսϵĻ϶иǿЧĻϵħף֪ôЧ
ôֿˣīԴһ¡
ǧצĵ˫壬ֶţҿҲǴ˼ҵĹӸ磬ضѧȥˣ
ʱرѩ£ɲӫ˸һӴصˮ
īЦſһۣģǻģҶҵѱѺһͷ𣿡
ѣǧŤͷ˫˲Ĩɫǣҩܴ𣿡
ī趢üۣ˰βЦԲСһǻᰴԭ㡣
ǧ̲סһָԲҲѡ
ī죬顣
ǧƲͷĿǧѩеķ
˵˷ȣħĹЧŵһ㶼ܹûҸǧⶼûзȣǧҾǧѩĵλˡ
ʱϵĻʵĦŸ첲ʥŮЩħ߰ɣʵ䡭
ǧѩһӣɲǣʵ͸ıۿüٶڻ԰ٴλָůȡ
ʵۼƣʥŮħȻշ硣
ǧѩ΢΢ףл¿ޣŮΪºŮҡ
ʵһֿջĿȻʥŮѾΪǱ߽ħǴ˿ѡʽʼ
һ¡翵ڷ𣬽
ͬƽؾףûʵ۱ֱӴ
ǣʦε
ƺΪ֤ʵʵ۵Ĳ룬һҫۣɫ˻
Ĺڷ죬ǰӡǸ־Ϊ˵С
ǷΣǴʦΣ



35 ΪҶ

ʵ۲˫ض֪Ҫˡ
ȸĴʦŲͣҲֻмʱŻ¶һ棬µŰݷãҲᱻ֮⣬ȸʢĸǱҲΣǲҪˡ
ʦôˣʵ۾Ȼ˾
ûпڣ
ʱֹʵ۾ſҲըˡ
죬ȻǴʦ˵ʦϲ𣿡
ǰЩӴʦȥ˶޳죬ʦȻμӻᣬǽˮ̫õԵ𣿡
ֻ˵ʦҵĶˡ
ǧѩĿɲǴž¾Ĳֻһ۱ǾΪˡ
ˣŮӳûҪ¼֣СʥŮѧԺѧϰѧԺȫŮӣӵӰûУžҲá
ǧѩ۽ǵⶢƣͷ΢΢
ΣμʲôīĦ°ͣдż̽
ǧһ˵ҾãΪҡ
㣿ī辪ؿͻȻͷᵯһ£ЦβϲһֱһˣΪκһ˶
𣿡ǧƵü
īͷҴӲƭˡ
ŶǧӾᣬϴϳ˭ղŶֶŵ˭
佩ʬӦǴ˵еɧǷþǵ̣
ڻ԰վ΢΢µûκα飬μ¡
ʵ̨ף𣬡ʦ񡣡
̧ȻǺҪ
üۣʵ΢΢һ٣һſʵʦղ޵һǺ⣿
䣬ñٶһѡߵ
һ
һٴզ
˭
˭ܵõʦĺ񰮣ǰҪȡ
ʵٴζסˣʦȻΪҪȡһ㲻ϲѵ
֪ʦΪ˭ʵ۸ƽʵ
һһ˵ǧ
ʵ֣ͣǧǧҵǸϲǧ
εǴŮ
ʱǧըˣǧˮҲըˣȫըˡ
ûɣʦȻǧҷϲҪ˰ɣ
ǧѩüһԵǧãǧ˭
ǧĵ¶һĨȣ㣬ǧǼҵã㲻ϵˣ



36 Ҫսǧ

ǧˮסǣЦһϲģһֱסƫԺٳ㲻ǵҲпԭοСͱȥʥŮѧԺö˰ɡ
ǧѩ˷ɴɫӣǴСúܺãλãλǲǵˡ
ʥŮһѪͳǸ߹ޱȣסһϲ
ǧǧˮһۣн¶Ц⣬ܼǵǣ̫ˣʥŮѧԺǻҪء
ǧѩδӦһ䣬ʦǧǺιϵΪΰȡ
һɣһǷϲŮյһ
ǧæҡҡͷڽЦǧʹʦ˸Ӷһ𣬴ʦĵǿŻ˵İɡ
ǧѩ䴽һƬˮԣģ
Ȼġǧ
ǧˮǧѩһۣͻȻһĨС˼㣬ԴʦرȤ
԰룬ʵѾȴЩԼĶ䣬ʦΪҪǧȡ
ǿǸϲ񣬶ŸҲ˷ѣ
η䣬޲˫ǾӲѣĸλѡߣǧȻȴûбƺЩ˵ȥ
ʵ۳ɣ⡭ǧԸģܹ˭
̧޲˫أʳһĨϣ¸һ
ʵ΢΢һˣȴֺܿס޾Դʦ󣬽ǧСˡ
һٴը˹
ܸоǧǼڱˣʦȻ
ǧǸϲעҪʦˣ
ξΪǺιϵī̲סӣµǧ
ûκιϵ䣬ǧߵԲ̨룬΢΢ŮлµĺҲлʦΪŮȡ
ʵɫӵؿһۣúñְɡ
һϲμѡߴˣ治֪Ǻ
лµףǧٴθĿͻʵΡ
γһۣ漴䣬֮¡
ǧĿбӣüͷȴ΢΢𣬸ղһô£鶼ûУ
ѡʽʼʵۺһڹƣ԰ǵ̨ǿѡҪսˣ˭˾ͽʧȥʸ񡣡
ʵ۵Ļ䣬һīɫ۵ӵվȵҪսǧ



37 ҽɳȥ

ӾҪ
ƺܶ˶뷨ǣһ
ӵ܇Nɪؿǧͬһһ
ǧȻʧЦ˭ˣ̽̽ǵʵû뵽Ǿӣ
Ťͷһīɫӡ
ӳƽӵһ˫Сۣ˫ǲ⣬˺ܲ
ԴԴգСۣǧСǸϲõǲС˽εεĻǿЩɣŪ˾Ͳˡ
ԴҵĵճӣǸĽ׵ߡҲǧȸ½ҡ
ǧ΢΢üͷʲôҵĵճӣǸɫǣ˫СѾԼ˺üȦˣضģ
ɣҲһϲͶˡǧ̲۶ûиԴ
ԴԼˣŭ֪ߵغǣүһŪ㡣
䣬һͷƾճС
ͷǶżħ޾ˣŷ·ǧء
ǧšüȻӵô硣
ԼֻһСذס
ԴӶŴͷֻһǧȥ
ǧ۾ȾЦ⡣

è˻԰һߡ
ʱͷڵأ˲ضɽҡ԰̳һĴ󶴡
ǧǸ󶴣ۼ뽫
㣬ƺܴ󡭡ǧʹüۣĽë˫ƯŹĹ⣬ϧٶȴǲ㣬Ųҽɳȥ
Դһ㶣漴ЦмСǣүСҲ˵󻰣ү㶨Ǳϴͷħܸɵˡ
ǣԴںءģ̌˲˹ȥ
ٶ֮ͬԱ
ԴȴڽҺԿֱ
ϴκԿˣͱˣһΣҲһ
ԴͷǧǺȥһ
һƣ̲ס档
ˣǧǸϲ϶ᱻҳ⽴ġ
㲻°뱲Ҳˡ
͵ΪǧҪʱͻȻһʡ
ǡһѼĶذףذǧĶѥڣصΣܳ䲻⣬һ
ذ׻Դɲǣӿ
أۡԴ´ͷʹᶼˡ
ڳһ±ơ
ȻڶѥذףǧҵǸϲ̫ƻˣ
ǣҪŪ㡭Դ˫ɺ죬蹷һǧ񱼶ȥ



38 һһ

һƣͷɤˡ
ۣҵλڻˣܴͷţ
ˣǧҵķϲˡ
ǧ̬չʰľ棬ĵϳһĨЦݣȫȻûжõĵ֮⡣
Ƿϲ񣬾ȻԴŭԴһССϲ赲˵ģ
㡭ǧˮһһͲᣬôҲǧҵĽã˵жİ
ģǧЦݼڽûŮ˵ǲǣ
ǧѩעŻ԰뷢һУûκζݣҲֻ֪ǧ治Ҫַϲֻܱ˲ڽŵ¡
ǧ΢΢һ㶣û뵽˵Ĵ㾹˵ֺ֮ԣȻ˲òࡣ
԰룬֮սδ
Դıٶȱȸղſ࣬ǧﲢûжٺ£۾ûգһ£ٶҲõó֣
̫ˣ
ԴѾǧǰʮȭͷֱŶȥɲǼķ磬ǰķ˿Ҳ
ȭͷɺܿϧ̫࣬Ҿϲ˸աǧվԭأǳǰδеĿ
µĺһ룬һһɵضĹ
Դȭͷֻӵ˿
˫죬һʱȫǾᣬô£꾹Ȼ򲻵һϲ
ǧ񣬾Դڼ䣬Ʒֱֱȥ
˴ĵطһйƱضü֣
أۡԴŶӣ۵ֱڵϴ
ϲ񾹸Ҵӣʲôʱˣ
ɺ
ǧǰýԴĶӣЦԴ㻹ǻһúдġ
ЦȴëȻԴһӣҲ˼ֿ־壬˲ˣʧ㱾үǵ͹㣬һӵܻŰģơ
Դվ
ۣҲۣٴȥҪ˺
ԴıӰǧҲ΢΢¶һλߡ
ʱСȫˡ
죬ǧǸϲȻԴǸߣ
⵽ɺϣǧҷϲǿˣ
˴ɻ󣬿ǧҲЩһв˻ǲǧǿΪǸӣ
ҲҪսǧ
ʱһս߹ˣһۻɫ۵ŮӣŷȣǸħʦ
Ůִȿʼħ
ɲǣһɫħŵħϵħܾˣ
ǧ۾ܸоλսߵħȼǧ⻹ҪͣҪɹħҲÿԸԸ⡣
ŵ磬һƳŮӵؿȥ



39 ˵еĳս

ŮħȻֹͣߵķֱӳŵȥ
һ
ŮڵϣɲǣһѪӴ³˾һ£ʱһ˹ȥ⾰ֱҲ̶á
Ŀɿڴ
⡭ǧֱǸ͵ϮɷԴҲˣܸħʦ֮ǰ˸ɷʷǰ
ȻЩƷЧðֱΪǴһš
ǧջƷ磬ѩ裬Ůһۣɿڵιȥˣǻ콫̧ȥƣ
䵭Ʈˡ
ʵæ˽Ů̧ȥʳõҽʦΪƣһзԸ֮󣬻ʵ鸴ӵؿǧһۡ
˵ϲΪδô
ƾðɡ
ʦλǧСáʵĦϵİ״ɾƱĹƮɢƢ㣬벻նˡ
εʹüۣ鲻ܸࡣ
ʵ΢㶣ΪԼˣʦ˵ʲô
ΰβٿ̧˫ǧ
ǧɲǣĿԡнƽ糣һȴ·ֱ꣬ͷ𵴣ǧ˼룬æǽĿ˻ȥ
Ҫ뿪ϾЩģҪϢһ¡
ŲŸŲһ£һҲҪսǧ
ǧ½ŲһĨôһϷŹ泵ս
ƲͷͼλŮӣ˼۷ɫɴȹһؿǧղŲôӮھ֪ʲôħʦ
䣬ŮӾʹӿռͳһѽɫķȣ϶˿һĽβ½飬ֻһ۱ܾȵľˡ
ǽȣ˵֮Ѫɣˡ
û뵽ҾȻȽһСѾͷ
СѾͷҵĵճŮ˵ҲлʥŮѧԺģϧΪԭûȥɡ
ɴɴɫݣе˲佫˺ѣ˻͹ԹͶҲܱס
ǧͷһۣͻȻĺۣСǰɣϲľҿ²ܽˡ
ɴɴз·
ǧʼ磬¶ࡣ
ŮƱȸղŵ˻Ҫ֣У
ɴɴӶŷȣʼ˲һĨ֮ӣĽŵҲһɫħ
ǱϵħûǧѩҲˣǷ
ǧüͷλɴɴЩսеȼߵģûϵˮڣԲ
ֻһ˵ĲӰ
˷ϲٶȺÿˡ
ɴɴؿǧͽƴٶԲСַӽˡ
˲䣬ٶȱ죬ǧڼ䣬ʵĺƿϮ



40 ܼӿٶȵķ

ýܸ̹ܵǵ⡣
ǧͫһ£ֻΪ·ͻȻֱ۱һ£˲һĨѪ͸
ǧҧȻıжĹ켣һߣ˺Ĺ
顣
棬ıһأϸһƣֵܷϳһСӣɼ޴
ǧһۣһɻ
Ϊλˣɴɴٶȱǧѩ֪˶ٱǧѩĵȼȽϸߣΪٶȻô࣬ΪٶȾҲЩϡ

ɴɴԼĹֻ˵˷Ƥëö˶ţõͦ죬һûôˡ
ǧ´ɴɴеķȺ֡
ղŻ˵ķƴٶȡĪǣٶȵؾڷϣ
㣬ΪɴɴٶȻ죿ǧսָ⣬ǵǰɴɴһĽħʦΪβżʱ侹ôࣿ
ؼڷϡǧѩǱȣĿ֮Ѫɷٶȼӿ죬ҵ˪ֻ߹õļƷ
ǧͣȻٶȣȥЧһǸ߰ɡ
ǧѩٶȱ죬ЧȻߣǲɶõļƷ
ʵ˪ҲܺáǧˮЦŴԲô๥Чʿ϶Ҳܸ߰ȸиĺãһϲġ
ǧѩһɫ˲١
԰룬ǧǵĻһţȸù
ٶȣж찡
ɴɴ߾ٷȣһ⣬Ӧ֪˰ɣٶȣʱҼֱ룬ҲǸղͷС˼ûκá
ǧۣл˲С˼
ҪӮͱ뽫еķȴ䣬ұ׼
ǧսȭͷԼ
Զԣ㲻ǴǴ¿˰ɣǧصЦһ䡣
ɴɴ䶯Ŵ꣬Щ࣬ϲȻң֪̽ʲô
ôһɴɴϢЩȣеķȻӶʱ鳯ǧϮȥ
ǧͫһ׼ʱ˱ϡ
˳ű黬Уٶȱøˡ
ɴɴŲűǧòѪ
Ʒֱ̫ƷˣȻԼı飬ٶȻô죡
ϲ񣬱СƲɴɴӿ꣬ͷٴδ߶űϵħɲǣѩǵض
ǧС飬ٶȿ˷ָ
ٽǱɫʱܷܷһתݵؽɴɴеķȴˡ
һأɴɴ˲˵׸⡣
ɴɴҵķȡ



41 ᲻ỵ˹

ɴɴͼϵķȼ𣬶һֻܷܷһȼ
ɴɴһ㶣ٽͷ̧Ŀһײ뵽ǧ˫ڣżЦڣҧҧһĨӿ
ǧҷϲ˭㶯С㷨ȵģ
ɴɴȻֱǧţ˫ҲŤ
ǧʶСָͷĦŷȣһ˲;޾ӿ֫ٺȹȻˣֻžһԵĸо
ԭԼܴ߶ħƼָ˵ǹ־޴䶯˿֪ٶȣԺҲڲصķӣֱá
СķȲǧЦһսⷨȾȾ͸Ұɡ
ɴɴɴ۾вֲħʦõķҲûá
ǧؽ㲻õģа취
ɴɴüķȾȻϲȾˣ㡭ŪСķȣСĲ㡣
ǧͶ䣬Ҫ𣿡
ɴɴꡣ
ĹߣҲ㣬̽Ȳŵõ־޴ƣȱϲˣô
뵽ϲֵĺľˣɴɴɴ˸ս
ΪɵСŲˡ
䣬ɴɴ䣬յȥ
ǧıӰ΢΢һһ֪Ѷ˵ġ
վڻ԰룬ûתȥ˭Ҵģھһһɣʱ㵽ס
˿̣ǧȫһ𣬷·ʱضܷ
ڳЩ˾Բ׷ŹΪ𣿽վ֤˭ߣ˭õѧʸ
ȫǧһ㶣漴¶һĨڽ
һϲ񾹸˵󻰣֪Ϊʲô죡
Ҫսǧ
ҲҪսǧ
ܿ죬һſ뻨԰룬Ҫɱɱǧ
ǧ߲ܣֱӽһɡ
ء

ҽ˷ûʵͷƤ飬ǧǸϲΪЩͬˡ
һɴô࣬Ͳˣѵǧҵķϲˣǿߣ
ǧսͬһ㲻ðһһܿ죬Щˡ
ۡ
ֱ۸ղҲۡ
īվһԣ۵ײޣɽüҲһ̡
ߵ֮£˸ʣһսǧѾˣǵȴãǲЩƽ



42 ֻܶԲס

īϵĽڷƮ費ͣɵһȥҫ⡣
գʯ˫һ׹۵˸
ʵۿµī裬۵ײһ£裬㲻ǲμⳡôˣǺʱģ
īأվֱдЦȥΪƣʣǸողģһͼǸսǧȫϢĻᣬ˵ƽ𣿡
ʻʵ۲дġ
ϲӣƽʱЦøůһʵͷĮĺܣ˾Ҳһ£ô͹ǧˣ
ǧ죿ʵ̽һ䡣
īҡҡͷЦ˵һ䣬죬ֻܿѡ˵ŸոմħҪսôſΪˡ
䣬ɫοһۣͼͷȾƣǧ鲻Ҳˡ
һˡ
ʵ۰˰֣ЦǧԼѡ˵Ҫ㵽ףνһԾŶ޻Ҫ󡣡
īüͷ΢¡ǷӦϢһ£
״̬ʵ۶˶ֵҪѧʸ񣬾ͱؽһս޷˵սҪսˣδ˵;ϢҲһԾŶС
ʺžƱԣʶ㸸ʵģǧСԼ˵ô󻰾ԼȥԲ
ЦһǧʱȫҴİƿ͵ϲܿࡣ
ī΢΢ǣ֪ˡ
ֻǧԼܹվɡ
԰룬ǧֽһӵܴ˳ȥ
ӵ׹أֱ˹ȥ
ǧŶǰĺˮϲһЩϸϸܵ˺ۣټģŲҲЩĵġ
ֺľĳս䷽ҩԡټǰЩȭŹֻͱɳȥˡ
ЩһԲǵóѣ
˭ҴҲһɡǧǱߵѪգһ
һʱ侹Ȼû
Щ˻ȫǧˣǻô˰
˭ûǧܵģվ
ǣվȻǧҪõѧʸˡ
һϲܣֱˣ汻õѧʸȺ˿ȥˣ
ǧ뻨԰룬Ư۾ŭ˲ۿһϲҫ۵Ĺâ
ԣҪĹâɱҡ
ǧ⿴ϵƣһ⣬ãҲõѧʸֻܶԲסˡ



43 

ǧǳɫɴȹϵ黨ӭ綣죬תĵģѡ
ǧֱֱͦ˫ת飬һ·նò׵ڣҲ䡣
ǧһƣеļڽŨ
͸֧˻˵󻰣ǷһôŰɱ
־ԴӶ޳ˣһа˵սľǧȶŽëɾʹ
ǧʼ磬һνܻЩıġ
ǧϵɴȹƮݣı䣿ãҲġ
ǧ׵·ܽ˵Ĵ漡ᣬ㣬Ҳ飬ʱɱҡ
ǧЦʱһħڽŵ¡
͸֧ٶȿ϶
գԼҫ
ǧٶɲƱȸղŸ˼֡
ھУܼ˵ǱܣҶԸǧּһòռľˮҪ͸֧Ҳȡʤ
ΪǶʮһ͵ع
ʱһƻӳٶ֮ǧûзӦ
ϣͷ˳ȥĽųֻڹꡣ
ǧڵϣ۵ѳݣӺۣҲ۾Զϵˡ
ǧҿĶ㣬־ȻصһŹġǧ԰
ǧͶ䣬ɫԴϬ㣬˵ΪǧȡҫΪ𣿡
ǧסǧʵϵļ壬˭ȡҫǰΣǧҶãѸ־Դָ˭˷ǧҲǰǧһ
ǧڵϣ΢
뱻
ʱһɫķȺ˹ֱֱǧĺڣ𣬻Ҵ򣿡
ȶ˼񣬴ʱһϸСѪӻ
ǧɫҰףӳѪˣ˺
ǧѷŲ䣬ˡǧһ㲶Ǳģ
ǧЦƽ˻ŷü䣬˿̣˭д裬ɷ㵽ס
еķһӣɲǣϵһȻͬս
ڳ˶ʶĺҲȫܣһʱȫû
ǧڷ׷ɣٿֱֱϵĵ侲ؿڵ£ûսǷ֤ʤߣѧʸ񽫹У
ʵסо֣Ҫһϲѧʸ
ǧ˫ǳ۾ʵ۶ǰðˮ򴽣Щɣ⡭
¡ǧѩվеóɳģŮǿģŮҲñһ¿׼



44 ħ

ǧѩĿǧ鷢µ˫
ǧһۣͷȴڲϷֹ
λ˴㾹ȻܣҪΣҲ
ǧ۾е⽥
ʵĻҲЩȣĬƬ̾͵ʥŮǧԣ
ǧѩ䣬һ˵ĻȣŮñǿ˺ö࣬Ůеսڴ³ȫ
ʵгɣǧѩܶһʥŮǧղɱɷһ㳰ЦʥŮǰװ
ǧѧʸ˳Цȸ½ûˡ
ʵ־ᣬһŵʥŮҪ׼ˡ
ǧѩЦˡ
ʵ۲ͷǧֵǧʥŮҪͬԣͺһɡʥŮй¶ʮУ޾׼ѧо˵ûнѧԺʵԸܣ
ʮУ
ȥޱȣҪɾˡ
һ֣ʤļʣһս
ǧšüԳǧѩһۣܾûбô򵥣ղŵչʾӦûȫʹȫ
ǧ㻰ʵ
ǧ񣬸˸ŮԸս
ʵۻ˻֣ϾǾͿʼ԰ɡ
īžƱЩǵǧһۣȴżڴ֪СѾͷ᲻ʲô˵ľٶ
ΪԼһƣʼնǵĮģ볾
ǧѩһۣ鵭ĮջĿ⣬ߵ԰룬ãıҿźοкһĨѪⳡս㲻Ұɣ
ǧҡͷлָȻᣬֻڴӮ϶ʮУҴܴ㣬ҾС
ǧѩü΢΢һ𣿡
ģ̌ˮͫһĨļ㣬ǰôΪġ
ǧѩ͵һЦгŪ
㣬ǿʼɡǧٷңң
ɲǣսһǧȡ֣ǡ
һŰ͸ħȻŵڶħ˸Ź⣬ǰҫһ£ٶҲ˼֡
ǧ۵˸ͣ
ʲôΪĽŵ»ôħ
ǲӦóǧѩĽ
ֹǧڳ˶ˡ
찡Ȼһܴ߶ôħѵʥŮѾѧϰ˸߽׵ħܣ
пܣҺǽбѩɡ
ħ鼫ΪҲΪϡУʥŮʥŮЩĲͬ
ŵȼħĹͻʱѧϰħϵļܣõ°빦ЧӳħҲӻ
ѩ죡ǧѩӶ˪ȣͺһ



45 Ļ

أ˷һţıѩХ£ڼͷ˵ѪҺΪ֮ᡣ
ıѩһӾͽ涳ᣬ˻ǧ˫Ŷסˣվԭش粽С
ýʵˡ
ǧ˷˷ıѩİ
Ȼħʦֶ֮ͬܣƽʱ䶼ҩԡûЩʱȥ˽Щ
յĿܰȥҪ̿࿴飬Ŭ˽һȫ
ǧѩĿʹʱвûаãŵһͽӲסˣǷͶٽȥ򣿡
ǧṴܷ˪ǣ˸âȻҪȥˣʮУǲԷġ
ǧѩЦ
ʮУ˵õɡ
顣ǧѩϵȫŷɲǣ˪ϯΪĹǡ
ķѩڶѩ϶һСգ۵˲䣬ǧѾѻһѩ
ѩ뼡裬ɫס
䣬оҪһ
һԵҲЩܲˣѩʵڴ̹ǣٴȥĻֻҲᶳɱ
ȥЩʵ۴Ŷ£ڵ
ܿ±˹֮ůࡣ
ˣ˵ǧΪҪ֣
ͷ˰ɣⲻ֪Լ֪Լľء
ƣ԰ķѩڻ϶ǧˡᱻ˰ɣ
԰ȫǰ͸ѩѩ϶ѻǧ˲䱻ûС
ǧѩƺЩֻãֻһѧʸѣҪɣͶҲͣ֡
˵ţ΢΢šüȻϳͷᡣ
ʲôģȻǰһЩȽϺá
īüСѾͷ汻ѩ˰ɣ
ɻ󲻶ʱͻȻһŻɫҫڻѩէֶֻһԲԲС㣬⣬ɽģŹâȻʢ
ѩ֮˸Ļ棬һԭޱȡ
˵ɴ۾ǰһС
ΪʲôѩлͶ⣬Īǡ
ʵۼز㽫Ʊˤˣ⣬Ȼǻ⣬Īǧǻϵħʦʦô
Ż棬ϸϸţӦǣϵħ֮ףǷоΧйȸӣ
ȷʵЩˡʵֹһҪѵ
ûãΧԽԽȣſҲæѵϵ¡
찡ȡ
Źâǻϵħɣô˵ǧǷﾹȻǻϵħʦ
һ룬¶һı飬Բܣ



46 ϵħʦ

ϵħǸħ֮ף
ħ˲ǧ֮һǧһ÷ϲ˻ϵħ
ŻǼٵģֻҥ¶ѣ
˲ͣذοԼҲֻŻƽࡣ
һ룬еƽͱˣ¶һĨһı顣
ͼ
ѩ룬һӰ滺߳ѩƮҡʱȻɣذ׵ͬʤգһɲǣһŻʹ¡
׹䣬ȵĻܿǧ̳һĻɫ̺
ǧ䣬Ż̺߳
ÿһΧıѩͻὥڻʱѩ֮渲ǣΧøΪ˼֡
ǧѩӶȵĶͣ٣˫Ҳɴ󣬡Ȼǻϵħʦֻ׵Ļϵħܽҵױϵħڻ
ǧѩ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱζӣ֪Ǻá
ʵۼشվ૲ݣȻǻϵħʦǧ֮һĻϵħʦϵħʦܳΪҩʦΪҩضҫȸ½
ʵ۶ҪˣǼ񵽱ˡ
˭˵ǧСǷϲţ
Ǻ˵˵
īսƱҲƬ̵𾪣ɢһЦůû뵽СѾͷȻǻϵħʦȷ˾޵ġ
ҫ۵Ļǧƣǰ֮ǧѩǰվ
ıϵħðԵò㱻ɱˡǧǳǳһЦͫڵĺɫұ˵ơ
ǧѩ΢٣ʶһãû뵽㾹Ȼǻϵħʦصÿ湻õģ˶ƭȥˡ
ǧۣǧҫȣ̼ǧѩ˫ۡ
㣬Ҳûа취ûڲƭκˡǧֱͦӣһĨȻк
ǧѩšüѩȫЩ
˱ǵ͵ȼѹƸߵȼѪ
ǧĻȼղͣ쳣㣬ǻҪٴȥ𣿡
ȻҪ򣡡ǧѩеıѩ֮ٴᣬӶŷȣɲǣ԰񱻱ѩϯһ㣬ıѩٴδ
һ˲ǧ
¶ٴ½ǧվĵطֱˮ
ǧҧĻҡڲͣƱ˼֡
ǧѩۣٽ
ʱѩǵأ·ÿˡ
ãͶĻ㲻ܿˡǧѩѩһٷ˿κ顣
ʱ԰·ѽ٣ããһƬֽ˵ѪҺᣬٴδ£ʱ򡭡
ǧϵĻٴɢ˵Ĺ⣬ںͱѩ࿹⣬ģһһ
ۣ񣬡ҲͶ



47 

ǧԵᶨԼΪġ
ԣͶ
ΪѪ壬եϵһҲͶ
ңпռ侮ˮղͺ˼ڿռ侮ˮղǸƵôܹӳϵħ
ǧѩսõ״̬ͺ˼ڿռ侮ˮҲ㲻ףΣΪ˵õѪԸⲻֶΡ
ɲǣĻ漯һ㣬һʢĹâչԡ
ǧѩ̼۾ϵɫɴȹڻˡѩޱȵļƶɴȹӳڻԵøϸӨ
ǧѩӵɵôֱֽعĵطסǧס֣ҵ·ڻˡ
ǧû˵ұȵĺΧա
۵ĺɫ˲ΧһУܵĲľܵԴȻҲһ˲ήҡ
˶Ŀɿڴ̼ӳųҵĻ档
찡
ǻϵħǳޱȵĻϵħ
ֻ׶ѣȷ·͸˵ĵףʹ𺳷ǳ޷ֹͣ
ħ֮׵Ļϵħ̫ôţˣ
˿ǵͬһĿ񱩻棬۵¶һĨޣǧҲ˼֣˿̣ҲҽǷˡ
ǧѾһһ㶵ģɨһΧˣЩŵãǧʱΪϵħʦˣô֪
ǧˮеҲ٣Ҳ֪ղŵıһΪߣû뵽Ȼǻϵħʦ
ǧͣǹ𣿡
ĿľΪϾ
ǺεȵĻذ
ǧˮսȭͷˮ޺һڹذɣǿܶƭˡ
ǧҧгݣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ǧ֮һĻϵħʦȸ½ǧҪõǧ˵ˡ
԰룬񱩵ıѩѱǧվλã°Ӱ˲ɳۼĻâɣһƯĻ
㣬㻹ٴ𣿡ǧѯʡ
ǧѩһѩƣɲǣѩֵסϮɴȹڲٱڻˡ
ǧɫ񣬡Ϊ׻ܸҵıϵħ𣿸ղģսŸոտʼ
һŪýڽڰˣʥŮһʥŮܴ裿
ǧüĿ𣬡ǻʱ㵽ס
ǻսͻȻ¾Ʊɤż֮⣬ⳡսӦÿԽˣʮѹ



48 ѧʸ

εĻǧѩ䶯˫Ҳһš
ȻѾ˶ʮУΪûκβΪֻ֮жѣȴû뵽жʮôࡣ
ǻˣֻһоɥʧжӶȡʤһ׵ħʦôþȻûзֳʤڲˡ
ʥŮСȥʥŮѧԺѧϰʥŮôˡ
ǧѩ˫毺õһһ׵ģɫȥΪá
ʦʵһٴ򡭡ǧѩϷεĿ⣬ګګڵ
δĮһ½ԣ˵ǶʮбǶʮУǻԾ˽ȥ԰ɡ
ǧѩסˣŷȲοڡ
ǧ΢̧һ˲ײ˷˫ڵڡ
üͷ𣬷ȴɵ糣ǰӡǸƯ
ǧüĿ˻
ЩֲףλʲôҪʱֹ˿ռ侮ˮ棬ױϵħʦҲʤģδ˷ǲӮбʲôԭ
ûпе̽˵һ󣬾̴ӣڳһµģ
򶷽εĻʵҲعɼǧû뵽㾹ǻϵħʦΪ֮ǰûǧ
ǧתתӣ̹ȻͣŮϵħѵͻȻŮ˵ٲֵ˲ŻѻϵħŮȼ˵ۺ죬û˵ȥ
ʵһ㶣ͻȻЦܶñԼǧСҲǴ
ǧɰͰһЦʵ۱±ɫӦ
£ŮѾڴй˶ʮУôŮǷܵõѧʸ񣿡ٿֱ̧ӻʵ۵۾
ʵ۲ٳɣһ·նѵõĻϵħʦѧʸӦá
ǧһͷֿ˻ȴԾɵл¡
ʵ۴ȡǣǧֱѧʸƣ޾Ͱ㡣
ǧǰֽӹơ
ɫһ½ݣǧ¿˼۱սУ£ŮһУںѧԺкúѧϰ
ȥѧԺѧϰѧ֪ʶټѧԺʦĽ̵϶ܽɿ졣
սָ⣬ҪȥѧԺһ̽
˼ǧõѧʸ񣬲һ꣬ҲΪģһ뵽ǻϵħʦǰ;еĲҲһЩ
ҹĻʹ־ʵѡʹ˽
ʵ̫ѨЩˣЩˣѡȻѾǾͶɢ˰ɡ
һɲǣſһʱҲüΪҡ
ǧΣоͼƬҫ½ǰǷΡһ㶣תȥ
û뵽㾹ǻϵħʦǽ˾ϲīһӽקסһĨЦüҡ
ǧͣ½Ųüͷ΢û뵽㾹ȸӡˣлղΪ顣



49 ǷӦöֳŵ

ī轫ļͻȻ͹Ĺ
СѾͷûúóԷ
ֻȺſ̫֣Լ״̬þͽȫûйǵĸܣǻʵڿȥˡī渵üȾЦ⣬̫ͬ
ʵҲûʲôǧʹüۣҴ󺰻ʱطģΪһӱһһŪǵĲ
ܸһȸ½˾֪ķǸ˶ġ
䣬ǧƲͷҫɫѾǰʧüЩļ
ī费ƿļܼ𣿡
ǧһ£ܿ˵ǣǵģҵĽǶߵˣҵȥǻͣȻûһͽؼҡ
ī轫ɿůЦڴţûȷ⣬߰ɣпտҩݸҲϾںѧԺˡ
ǧûϸ˵ʲôУת뿪
ϡߵһԲɢԡ
ʳе󻨶俪ޣҹ˱ǻһһƮǼ⡣
ǧ߳԰ûΣǼһѾͤ
ͤ·Ȼǵãת»ͤķȥߵúܼܿ죬ͬ׷һ
˼һĽŲϡǧ˫һ˳ȵŲǷɡ
òʹһˣֻѧʸ񣬾ԲܽߣѪվҪõҹζࡣ
ǧȹ׷ȥȴҲܵؾܣԷⷢ
ýˣ͸»ҫٴ¶ɫⲽڷаڶȥ˳߲ԽһӰȴ˸оʥ
ǧƬ̵Ĵ㶣ʱæ׷ȥ
ʱһ˹ȻĽҹŰ
ǧ֣ܵؿסһˣ̧㿴һİӲ֪ʱվǰһϮ£дɱ⡣
ǣߵİ
ǧۣ˶
ҹס֡ǰͷķٿ½Ųͷһ˫Ȼ˫ֱҹϻȻɡ
ҹһ㶣Խߡ
ϵ֮ɢǧŲΣһ˲˫ڳӣ޲ûĻˡ
ʲôεѯʡ
ǧšüвɶһŭ𣬡֪ʣҸղѾõѧʸ񣬴ʦǷӦöϵĳŵ



50 ڱ

ξĬ
ǧӣ񶨶ġ
ҹվһЩ㲻״ϵĳŵ
ӳסͤУϲ˽ʱʶСˣһǱ˳ǷǧС㡣
ҹ򴽣ҲóȻ˵Щʲô
δİ£ҲûͬԼո͹ȥģû뵽㾹Ȼ㼱ꡣ
ɫ£ѪΪƯǧţ۾գһ¡
̾һ֣Լá
ǧ⣬һȥ
ҹƺʲô۾һɣֹ̳ӣѪ洫ĶϻܵѪˡ
ΰڰ֣嵭Ҳƽ޷ֻǽѡ
ҹ䶯Ŵǣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôáѪһֱϴӲϴλʵ۱ƣȴˣȻһλİŮֱ˼
ǧߵǰţЩѵشù塣
δֻԼؿڵĽСŮԾûκβֻʮ죬ʮ֮黹
ǧе壬ǰȫ˷֮⣬֪ˣʮһġԺ裬𣿡
ҹһ飬ʮ컹̰ᡣ
ڣʱ˵ɡ
ҹ𾪣ӾȻûоܾ⵽Ϊʲô
ǧͷһûоܾǾ˵лģĴһƣеٴ
ʹ䱸ɭϣʱҸô㣿ǧѯʡϽʳǣԼоʳĵȼܸߣҪͨ贳룬ڵЩѶȡ
γһ˲㿪ڵһȥ㡣
ҹ˶ˣ˵õĳͤأΪҪȥһСѾͷ
뵽ϴηҹĹ뷿һʱǧüɫɳ˼֣ʦʱѡһʱϴ̫Ρ
ε毺õͬһ̶ˮ
ǧЩܵ̾һʦղΪҪֹҺǧѩıԣʱǼ˭˭Ӯһ뱣סʥŮ𣿡
ƿƤӣŵЩˣڱ㡣
ǧס΢΢ɴȴЩԣңʲô˼
縡ε裬һ˿һΨİѩǧ֮һĻϵħʦѾ㹻ô½䶯ο׶ףʥŮӮ㽫Ϊʸ֮ġ
嵭ĻƮʱǧԭء
δЩղŴ򶷵ʱֻҪȡҫƲӣȴû뵽ⱳô̵һ㡣
ǧü۵ʹһֻʧȥâСޣҴδЩ



51 ΪҺõ

üĿ΢ЩĹâɢ
ǧ򴽣ƵģǴʦܵ
ղ潫ǧѩˣ֪Σܻ˷ǰɡ
οĽëٿ֣մȾĻ㻹в죬ǧҸǵıܷۣӦöâ
ǧȻ̧һ˲ײ嵭ڣâҼǵǴʦӱȡѧʸģâìܣ
СѾͷҶ죿
εü΢΢𣬡ֻǾãѧԺߡ
ǧüˮͫڴ˼ЦŶͻȻú֣ʦ嵭ΪҪΪҿô࣬ӦûʲôõĶɣ
εָָս
ҹվһԣüͷҼ񡣡
ΰ֣ʾ˵ҹ򴽣ЩƵرͷ
δȷοڣǧ촽Ҳ޷ٴ˿㻹ΪҺõģҸö˵һлл
һĨ⣬ǧ鲻ÿ
ǧѪ嶪ռ䣬ǰ˵һ䣬ʮҵ
վԭأĿ뿪ıӰ
Ӱʧҹ̲סڵӣôܽѪˣܵѪĲɾ͡
δ޷ֻʮ첢ûд󰭣ʮպһὫѪûġ
˵ͷĹ죬裬һ˿һϸܶɷ֡
ҹĽŲЩ벻ףӣһǲףѪֻаͨ˵֮ʲôֲѪѪ
Žƽôɡ
ҹü벻ͨĪǣ뵱װƷ
ǰĬ
»ڵء
ǧ߳ţ㿴ȵͣ
һɼҵһɴһڿƮɣǰͷż׹ӣƻõġ
˭ģͷôӣ
ǧ˹ȥɼÿӣϤ̴Ķϣȥʲôˣô
ֲ翣ԭͷʥŮ㡣
㣬ղ˳ʱܻңҲ·ˡǧһڡ
ǧѩӷ£һԭ·ˡˣ㷽ϵıֺܺãȥһ͵˵˵ġ
ǧû̫ϲȴǴģл㡣
ǧѩбĻ񣬲δ˵
øղź硣ǧ뵽ղŵĲ㿪Ϊһֻ޺Сãû뵽㾹һͷݷŵĴǣղŻ˴㣬кξģ



52 ƴӵһ

ǧֳ軵˵Сü΢΢һղһһܿ˿ɾˣοôҵ׻ˣ
ǧҧгݣӵ˳ǧڿˣû˴㣬ȴ·
ɲǣһŭȴɼƮ죬ղŵ鲻Ҫˡ
ǧѩƿӣ٣ƽ˼ֺ˵ŭãɫ˱ڻʳੲݣ˿ࡣ
ǧⱻеŭס̾ͱɵģôҲҶ˵Щʲôˡ
ȥԼϡǧѩһۡ
ǧŵӲһæص
ôǴˣǧˮСһ䣬ġ
ǧɥһҲ֪
ǧˮοǧźһЩ
Ҳǧѩǧٴαǳ۵ƻһĨġ
ǧݵػصԼ糿ưҹɫʱǿĲˡ
ʱ쳯ǧҵķʻȥ
ҹɫеȸַǳؽֽϣǧ̲סƿܿ쳤ϵ־ӳУ·Ⱦ֮⣬ĴҲ
ǧɵƻͨǧٷվԴվΪơ
һǧſͣ¡
ǧѩƿӴǧٷһ۾ͨ죬æӭȥѩСʥŮѧԺѧϰû˵ĳࣿ
ǧѩ۾ҲЩģס֣ɿĳŮӲ˿ŮѾܶһʥŮԺڼгˡ
ǧٷ缤˵
ʱǧ½
ǧٷ罫Ŀ䵽ǧϣʵⰡѡĽΣǷȡѧʸ񣿡
ǧɫɷףһʱ䲻֪οڡ
ǧѩԼҵţЩǽ˵
ǧٷͷʼնûпǧһۡ
ǧʼ磬Ҳֵڣţһܻ̾ԼСݡ
صСݣǧԺźͷȫϣһ֮˿ռ䡣
ռƯ泩
գŹĺ۾һļϣÿõˣóơ
ǧó
޵ɢĹâ
üϴ໣Ѫ壬һҲóƴӵһ𡣡



53 ϵħ

ǧԽһóֻһϢ֮䣬ƻӦʲôвϲһġˡ
⡭ǧЩ
ԶƴӣǧҪСģʱˤҲˡ
ǧԣҲüΪ
СڵϣɲǣñطСһֱƴһƴպõӹâɣĹͬѪҺһ㣬ֶ˵С
ǧһĨЦʱüңͻȻЩһ䣬ӣ嶼ƴӵһˣһܽǷֿ𣿡
ЩȻܣá
ǧݸ
ýӹֱһ
ǡһƴһٴηֳأâҲ˲١
ûٴνƴһ־ɼ֮ƴϣöѧһ㣬ǴСֵġ
ֱӾˡǧɫŤһѶצе壬ȥ
˵ľӦ˫ŵ˫תһ¡
ǧδСľһ塣
ɲǣضɽҡȺصĴžҲ·ӵһ㣬ϵɫȫȥһ˲ùˣѪޱȡ
𡭡һڶ
ǧ΢ʶ̧ˣʱͫɽһ¡
һһѪϻضơ
ǧͷһ⻹һο˾޴˵սľ
øצӣһĪʲôǱػޣҪűŵ棬㽫ԭԭģм㶼ṥأ
õĻһ䣬ǧ·𿴵˵ľ΢Цһ¡
ǧĿЩͷƤ飬Цûˡ
ƨɣߴٵԭʲôȡ֮Դ㻹ȥ
ǧ󣬱㲻ԭؾᣬ̧Ž롣
ɲǼ䣬һɸŨȫŰǧЩӦ󾹾÷ˬڵϵħڷ
ƽʱֻ˻ϵħ˿̣ϵħҲһ˲;ϵħ˽׵ļ
ڵϣʶڳһϵͼͼҫɫĵͼڲų˵Ĺʡ
ǧ˫һץɫڡ
վԭأͱoΡ
̬
ϵħȻֱףҪģƫһӾʹﵽˣϵħͬޡٶȼֱҪ졣
ǧ˫һϲҽˡ



54 ŮΪҩʦ

ô㶵ؿɰͰһЦСѾľˣϲϵףܰӴ
ǧԼƣһֱϵħϵħͱˣû뵽Ÿոϵħףʵϲѡ
һһλã˲һͭ¯ӳУ¯ԻһЩȾŻҳ鼮鼮ϷŨҩζһۣ˫Ȼ
СѾͷĥˣ÷һЩöơ
ûצӣЩ
ǧվλãӣҵʲôöˣ
ָָϵĶ쿴ϵЩ
ǧһͭ¯ӳУ¯ҲȾһʹԿò۾һ࣬Ƽڵ¯ԵЩ鼮
ҩؼȫǧһһֵ˫˼֣ǧѩ˵յƳģѵյҩؼƳ𣿡
õͷ΢΢ƿûҩؼиֵҩ䷽ֻҪ䷽ҩƳЧòͨĵҩǳΪҩʦ
ǧͣһ硣
֪Ľţҩõҩݣ¯л𡣡
ǧҩؼӳУдıԴʲô˼
Դ֮𣬾Ļ棬ǻϵħʦҩͳ֮ΪԴ𡣡һۣǽһֽʯĶɢ棬һЩǻϵħʦȴҩˣֻ𡣡
Ȼѧʡ
ǧͷԭˣҴˡԣñԴƳĵҩЧǲǸã
Ȼ÷һۣʮ㣬ȻϵħᱻΪħ֮ףΪǿ󣬻ƳļƷҩ
ǧٴοԼƣ죬Ǵ˵еĿ׬ˡ
öԣ׬ˣҩԼԣʱžööҡ
ߣʱԿһҵҩꡭ
ȱΡһצкϣȰҩؼȫϵȫһ飬ƳһЩĵҩ˵
ǧһۣĵҩвѪ
ָܻħʦߵѪֹܹѪˣǳıرҩȻ̫󣬵Ҳõٽҡ
֪ˣһúŬġǧ۲ζļۿ
ļ򣬵ܶŮõζ;ͽˡ
ǧʧЦʱԱ߻һ¥ݣи¥ݣǶ¥
ȹҪȥ
һ䣬ۣȥ



55 ȼ̫ͻȥ¥

ú꣬ͷѾûˣ۷£ؿ¥ݡ
໣СѾͷȻȥˣǡ
УҪϳѾѪ˰СѾͷͻȻĻռҲڡ
СȣQ¥
ʱǧѾ¥¥ΪŨŨЩѹ֣ǧһԵǽ£¶˼ֳ
ڣΪԵֱϴģǧֻԼһƬںеıۣϵȥѰ
Űײų⣬ղ
ģǰ˲ٺˮҲҶһͣܣоҪըһΪλĸоأ
ǧǽҪ룬ʱԼĽǧأһѵ
УԲкööû
ҧأʱȻһ
ǧйâէ֣ƾԼڶǵ
ýʱ򣬿ľĳԭأŵϴСѾͷǱ̬¾ȻӣΪһ
û뵽ȫԤϡ
Ѹٻʹţ֮ǧƨɣֱֱƳ˶¥
˶¥Եɢǧѵ¥ϣӣղô£Ϊ˿Ű
嶼ըˡ
ָıŭСѾͷȼôͻȥ¥úûȻǲҪðڸˣ
ǧϢЩȣ󺰴УԴ˼֣⻰ʲô˼˵һЩ
ֱƨɶˣڲŻϵħףϵħףҪȥ¥ҪĽףȼôͻԱȼߵǰװ
ǧ˲Ȼ򣬡ֲЩŰղԭ̫ԵʣҪ¥ΨŬˡ
Ťͷĺ׾ͺã쿪ʼ㲻ҪħҲѧϰҩӵռˣô̫
ǧվŲЩģ㲻˵Ҳ֪
ǿʳ磬ΨвԼŲᱻ̭
ǧصһ¥ҩؼͣţȵȥһЩҩϰ
գԺű졣
ǧгѡ
ϴܳȥţһžͱͷƾһ¡
ö̵Ѿֱֱվţǧٷվλһϲ
ǧüͷ𣬴ϵģ˵ʲô
ǣ



56 ˵ֺ

ǧٷ䣬ԹԽ뵽ԺУյѾ˵ˡ
յ飿ǧһתĪվ飬ԣ˵ģ
ԣϵı֣Ҷ˵ˡǧٷڰ֣ɲǣѾ룬ڵһЩɼҾȫոµģ¹һЩư·Ҳ˲˿ۡ
ǧѾǵľٶɫȴЦ
Ƿϲʱ˵ֱӽڻƧ䣬δйһε꺮ůϮλ˵Լùϵ̴Ǽá
˵ǧٷ粢δڵû뵽ı£ȡѧʸ񣬾ǧ֮һĻϵħʦ
ǧͷװһߵӡ
ǧٷļЦúϲ£죬ȻǻϵħʦΪβȺ͵˵أ
˵ţüͷһЩ˵ͿŮùϵˡ
ǧָͷϸŴҳںټ˵ϼ仰һΪϲңԣһֱҶκ˵𡣡
ǧٷɫһָⷬʧְ
һһԼǵϲ㣬ǵ̫æˣƽʱ˼㡣
ǧЦ𣿡
ǧٷļЦȻǵģƣҽղĶҲȫ¡
ģ̌˫˿͸лˣҷݶЩ©꣬Ҳһɡ
ǧٷͷӦԸѾ£Ժ˻ˡ
ǧ뿪ıӰۡ
ԭῪĵòѣϧǧٷ籾ֺãϵ
Ժ߻ط䣬ѾȻһµӣǧ΢
һˣԭ뻨ǮðһЩҾߣ˿̣ǿʡ²ٽҡ
Ƹ뷿
ֻážડϵŶȫأһ˲֧顣
ǧԣĵʢŭƾʲôǸܵõѧʸƾʲôǸܵõˣ
Žǧٷ˺ЩѾȥǧԺưܼҾȫȻһ£˺Щ˿ۣһ˲ʹɽ˷ˣʵڽ˶Ĳѡ
ҽϵմƬʰ̲סС㲻õģǷﲻ׻ϵħʦѣһףȻҲ˲١
ǧó׾ܵõѧʸ񣬴ңڰҵû𣿡



57 Լ¯

ŵͷŵС㣬ҲǸ˼˵ǷﶨȻʲôаͷӱС㲻û׼Żˣ˿̣СѾ˽⵽ǷʵŪҲǷַӵ¡
ǧԣɫͣС㿴Ƿ·ԸȻһЩ
Ҹڵأ˿
ǧʺָ⣬ֵңϴ¶ΪΣǷﵽ񻹲
Ҷüۣԣ¶ˣնСķԸ˺ܶжЩҩһǴҲȲǷ
ǧü˼ϴǷѾӣ˵Ѿڣġ
ԽԽԾ˶˻ϴչȭţ
ǧ⿴ڵϵĴңʵ˵ʵǲϧǸûְ
ŵĸβС㣬¶ˣµ÷ɱͷţ
ǧüͷøӽȴΪΡңȥǷĶϻ档
ͷж֤Լġ
ǧŴ뿪ıӰ˫ֽסϵĲ豭
ѾˣֻĨɱ
ǧ֪ƸλѾˣóҩݡ
ѪǳҩҲõò࣬ҩݼ۸Ҳ
ǧһ˶ʮݣ׼ϰһʧϰʮŴΣȫʧֻٻǮ
ǰڣҩʦһΪǮְҵ˺ڣǿɾ񵽷˭ںһСǮǮ
صңǧֱռ䡣
һ¥Ƿ¯ɲҳǧÿռ侮ˮϴ
һɲǣ¯òȫӳУͭɫģΧŷӵĻƣƯ¡
Լļϣڱĵ¯Ǽõĵ¯ЩԼԼ֮ǵʶӵһ𣬵ʱˣҲΪһá
ǧǿЦһ𣿡
ӵԲһצкȥСѾͷ˵˵ÿϵİ
ǧǳЦ漴ҧָһѪ˲䵽¯ϡ
ɲǣһɫâ̵֣Щ۾âɢǧŽ۾ȥ
죡
Ǹ޹ĵ¯˿̾ùâɣӨɫڵ¯ΧƯܿâգ¯Ө͸·ӵ



58 ʼҩ

ǧţһ˲ľ̾
ҲЩȣڱеĶȻɼ֮ԿҩЧΰɡ
ǧͷ鼮˵ҩݡǵһΣЩ׾ЩһҩݸŪַҲ죬ѾƲǵһΡ
õɴ۾㶵š
СѾͷȻǱ̬ѧϰҩ⴦ҩݵĻҲϰü£Ÿһ־ѧˣ˵ȥѱ
ҩݴãǧһԶҩݵ¯
¯Ѿ˺þãҩݵȥ˲䣬
ǧһⵤ¯Ȼӵ
ָָ¯ΧĻƣⵤ¯ԶôҲѾɾˡ
ǧüЦ͸һ
ᣬٴƨɶ
ǧﴽٿһĨ֣鼮ŻϵħѻϣһɲǣޱȵĻϴܶͣȴ˺Сһ
ֵۣĻ¯һ㡣
һ¯ΧȼˣȵĻ潫¯ȼյͨ죬ǧűƯҲ̫
ŤרעģڲɸֳһĨޡ
СѾͷͦƯģôʱ
ǧŵ¯˰Ҳ¯ʲôҩζŲ
鼮˵ֻеҩζƮɢ˵ҩѾƳɹɹҪĻԵҩԹ̣Ƴ͵ĵҩŲɢ
ϧΪһζŲ
üЩ꣬ɿڵģƵҩҪһʱ˿̣Ź˲ʱͿʼļˣ
һʱҲСʱ
ȻҪôʱ䣿
ǧ˵ĸܡ
òʲôʮ졭
һϸΪ棬еļҲһȥˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһҩζڱǼ⣬ó䶶˶˲¶ϲɫСѾͷֱˣ˴ҪһܽҩƳɹһξȻûиˡ
õɡ
ǧ΢䴽ǣĻʼ̵ҩʱ򡭡
һ¥ҩζȻɢȡ֮һĨƵζ
ǧһһĨõԤУħߣ򿪵¯ʱһΪ̱ǵսζǼ⡣
ɢǧǺöҩҡ
þȵؿһۣղŲҩζôһ˲ͱҩˣ
ǧҡҡͷҲҩؼİ



59 ȥѧԺ

üϵؼһۣղŵĲ貢ûղҩζӶ˵ҩѾͣǡ
ûһתֵӦǳĻ𹮹̵ҩʱؼҲ˵ҪջѣҪԼȥܣҪֱȷĻΪֹ
ǧţл㣬һŬġ
񳤱һļ򣬵úҩ׬һТҡ
ǧ۽һ飬޻˵
ٴҩʧܾҪҪҩƳɹ
ڶʧܡ
ʧܡ
Ĵλʧܡ
ڴڼ䣬ǧҩݵַԽԽ죬ûƵ¯ַҲֻĻĻյòá
ؼûдֻԼգ˺ö಻һĻȴһһʧˡ
ûԷֿʼϰ
ÿһζüΪ棬ΪʧܶԱɲǣ¯ٴƮɢһ嵭ҩζǧٴĻ𹮹̣εĻ漫Ϊºͣĸơ
¯ڵĵҩ·ҲܵᣬɢζûɢŨˡ
ᶯСӣСԵһŨζѲƳɹˣ
ŤͷǧйâüΪȡ
ܿ쵤ɣǧߣƮɢڿеҩζȴԾûɢȥ
ǧһ㶣ˮͫҲþӨ͸ͬС¹һ㣬ӣ˵ǲƳɹˣ
ղƵһųҩԺͲ÷ˡ
ЩŤСƨɣҪ֪ûУͿЩ¯򿪣Щĳɾ͡
ǧѵ¯򿪣ռ⴫
ǧҵˡ
ǧʶͷ̽ȥͷѾˣȻڿռôõĵҩ
ǧҵ˹Ǻ극İɡ
ǧ˻ҩڵ¯ֲܣȥ˷˵ñǧ˷˵ʲô˿ࡣ
ûצӣҪһٸ߸ߣҪȥԷ𣬿űһȥǧ˲ƴֵģ϶ܷʢ
ǧΣȥ˴
һΧǧٷλǼҴλãɼλȻ㣬ãһߵλñġ
ǧνˡ
ǧһֻӣסӣãôһֻԷ֪֪ࣿ
ǧ࣬㿴ëװ
ǧⷭһۣûûصġ
ǧٷ翴ӣû˵ʲôֻ˵һЩ£Ѿѧʸ񣬴ȥѧԺɡ



60 ҩ

ģ̧̌Ƥӣ֪ˡ
뵽ǧΪǧҴǧٷЦƣʱҴҲȥѧԺͬУҲиӦ
ǧǧѩһۣӦ
ǧѩӷ£Ц˲Ⱦüңһҹɣǵĵһúúദġ
ǧٷԣԵ㡣
ǧԼҪλؿʼеİ׷
֣˳ʾҪꡣ
ǧ򴽣Ҳȶ
˲˿תͷǧٷ磬ЦүǵˮվҪȥμӺѧԺˣͨܺλһͬȥѧԺˡ
ǧɫԭòѧʸҲͨԽѧԺͨʱѧԺøӷḻʡ
òѧʸҲֻȥμѧԺԡǧٷ翴ǧһۣɫɳ¼֣⣬յı̫ʧˣϣյıǧʧźá
ǧָ΢΢ܽŵü۵ʹŮһʧ
ǧٷתͷǧ¶һĨЦ⣬ӦûʲôõԴɣʮңȥȸֵƣ򵽳ֵĶ
䣬ͽһĹҵĴ
ǧԴһǣӲӵĽ˲ӡС
öడεǮࡣ
ǧİõؽ£л
ǧٷЦȰ£ֻҪһֱϵǧҾͺˡ
ǧۣĵЦ
ԭЩֻΪĶѣǷϲǧֻ¿ῴһ۰ɣԶţȻܾ
ǧ⿴еĴӣɫࡣ
ҲûкõҲЩңȥ᳡һɡ
ǧٷӣЦȥʲôģӮյѧԺ˵ɡ
ǧ䶯ǣ޹⣬ֶǧǺ˼֡
ǧνһһóԵú졣
ɫμᴵ
صԺǧȲռ䡣
͹ĶӣһԣСѾͷЩ¯򿪣ñƳɹ
ǧͷ˫ֽ¯򿪣ĿҲͣ
򿪵˲䣬һŨҩζ˱Ƕǧֻûˬѣͷһͫ䣬˶˼֡
ü˵һԶӵʵΪβ˵ûƳɹ𣿡
ǧָŵ¯ǳǳЦȾüңˣҵ¯ŵҩ



61 һ¯ŵҩ

ʲô
ŵҩ
һΪԼˣСѾͷ˵һ飬¯мŵҩ
ǧĵҩһһȡһſűɫĵҩԲ͸滹һƯƣƼΨϸƳ
ŰôˣǧеĵҩɲǣһŨҩζָϡ
䶯켤ѣСܹƼŲصֱţš
һܴģǧЩֵһ䣬ôˣôһܴӣʲô
ȻСԴ˻Σûʲôѵҩøơ
ǧݸ
צӽӹǿԲĵҩʱٴβˣɫ渲һ㻨ƣȷǲǵͽ׵ĲƷʴڡʮϡ
䣬ٴʯԭء
̬СѾͷȻǸ̬
˵ĻһҲҪ²ɣһ¯ҲһŶѡ
нϵҩʦţΨи߽ҩʦϣοÿŵҩƷʶҪﵽʮϣǸѶȵս
ҪǡСѾͷһ죬һ֮ڲѵҩˣһ¯ţǵͽ׵ʮϵƷɱһƱˡ
⡭СѾͷǸı죡
ٿָıӣһ䣬̬һ̬
ǧãȻӣͻȻң
֣زƽ⣬Ϊʵ̫̬ˣָֻ֪߽׵ҩʦƳŵҩŸոžƳô࣬ñô
ǧǳǳﴽ۵׵Ц⾡ӣԭǱסˣԲŴ㶵ģôҵ츳ˣ
צ°ͣôܣֻΪЩҩʦĬѣ̫̬ˡ
ǧֵһĶͷĬʲôöҲö࣬ʱʳˡ
һɫ˫þӨ͸Ǳ˵ղŸ㲻ٽңͳȥӻɣһԵ˱أ
ǧۣ𣬡֪ѧԺΣӦЩĶȥ
ûڱQͻȻƼ˽䴦ĽȣɴɴİɣΪУ
ǸǧһۣһûüⶫɴɴҪĻ϶Լȡ
̯̯֣ʵΪͦõģҲû
ǧЦЦû˵
գǧקűϵĽңҡڳǧҴš
ʱһӰƻι



62 ᳡

͵͵ǧĴ̲סһڡ
ﾹȻܷ֦ͷֲöСΪ˫˺󣬸ûажļ󣬴ҪôͶС˵
ҿգȹڳƸķȥͷҲ˲˵ǡ
ǧҴţǧԲͷһ񣬡ܵ𣬸ղڰ͵͵۲ǡ
ǧֱͨȸ֣ϸɫСڽѽѽϣҲúܳر֡
ðų䣬ģҶߵĴ𣿡
ǧʧЦôô
ͷ챦ʯһ˫رƯÿ֪ˣСƵĶõ۾
ǧǴһ֪᳡ľλãõëٴʵ˵ΪʲôҪأ
۾ȻǸ˶ͷôҸ㣬뿴͵Щܲܶ㡣
ԣϵĶǧȻʣеͣҾȻһ磬ѱȥҲ뵽
ЦһȺ֪ѡ
һһ˵˵ЦЦܿ᳡ſڡ
᳡еĲһΪºһĵطȴû뵽Ȼڷ룬غܴ۾ľŴţſݵʯʨӣʨǴɼƴ֡
ضɶˡǧʵ̾
÷һۣΪǵµĺ
ǧУȷǺһĵط
ָıӣе¶⣬֪קĽңȥɡ
ǧúһֻӾƽϣ̧ű˽ȥ
һţһɰ̾ţ᳡ϣɲǰƱɢǧ֣ܵɱȾˡ
᳡˼ĺõطֻҪ˭м߱͹˭УǧֻԱģյҩöЩͽҩϣĵһüǮ
᳡Ĺ¼ˣæЦӭȥˣĵģ뽫
ǧĴ˿ͼ᳡ڼˣϯĵģ᳡ôˣǲǻкö
µЦ˴᳡ڻкЩƽնö࣬ѶȻҲͶˡ
ǧȻԭˣҼ¥аᣬöٽҲܰһ䣿
̫ϲ˼һ



63 ӫ̲

ЦЦʵڲ˼¥ϵİᲢýҲܰµģҪֵ
ǧգգ۾ˮ˫ɻ󣬡ֵ
һʵĴʻ㣬ΪֻҪӵнҾܰһᣬû뵽᳡Թغܶࡣ
ǵģֵĽţܵ᳡ıضЩҵ׵ˣ켣Ϊ˴³ȣȻҲһ˫۽𾦣᳡ѣѵһҾܻһֵֵ۵һ̶ȣܵõ᳡ͳĽ𿨣Ҳֻӵн𿨵˲ܽᡣ
ǧһתҲ൱ǶʮһVIPԱˡ
绹˼
ǧŪŻеãǳЦʵ£´Ķֵ𣿡
ƴһ϶𰸣Ǿģֵܻ
ǧҾò壬л󡣡
˵䣬Ѿ׼һӣдһ֣ˣ־ʹλţȥλžС
ǧֽӹл
ô񿴵Ӱһλֶ벻᳡Ĵ·Ͻ᳡Ļ᳤ҲһϽ֮ˡ
ӣǧҵλ¡
ʱѾʼˣһɫɴȹŮӴӺ߳ȣ˿߶ʱһɹ֬ζƮɢ
ŮӽеĽд򿪣ĵһǶħ޾˵ĳʺãʮҡ
ǧ˽⵽ĵȼҲΪͽסнס߽ףÿֵȼкû֣֮ҪǵÿԣЩܹٶȣЩܹ߹ЩԵĻǷ
ǧɨһǱн߹˵һѼõ
ûȤҪһȣǱʲô
ʮҡ
ʮҡ
ʮҡ
ʮ򡭡
ھϣҷǳգԶʮļ۸һ곤ߡ
᳡ڵı࣬ȴûһǧĶģһЩԴȲڵ˷Ǯ
ʱŮֽһд򿪣ɲǣһӨɫĹâ¶Ŀҫۣ˲û᳡ڵզ
⾿ʲôȻô
ŮǳǳһЦһƯľóһӫ̲ݣյȱٵҩݣҩݳڱ֮ۼѰҲյϼټҩʦǿԽӨ̲ϣԺٶȿյӰӡ
ӫ̲ݣ
ǧҩȥӨɫҩ˲ӳУͷһ¡
˵֣ȥֲŻеӾ



64 ҩĵ

ôǿӫ̲ݵСѾͷԼǿӫ̲ǲرˮۣ
ǧ˳ƽĿͶȥĿ䵽ǿӫ̲ͫһ£ȷʵޱȣҩҩݴ඼Ѿûӫ̲ҶҲż¶飬ȻǸղûõġ
οصͷֵڿӫ̲ݵľ£ǲǻһЩ
ǧĿƣȷӫ̲ݻֲĸƽʱȥҩݵʱЩȫˣֲûû
°ͣЦֲ˵ֲԭŸټ˵ֻ
Ųƨɣһƣֲֵûòֻ֪֪ǿռǿյأֻܽ
ǧһΡ
ռǼصڻţΪҲʵҩֲ
˼ǧǳһ䡣
̧ĺ۾ϣϾԺҲյʱ򲻵ӫ̲ݿɾˡ
ҩؼҲ˵ӫ̲Ѱ񡭡ǧһΣܿ⡣
ʱӫ̲Ѿм۵ҡ
һҩ˵۸ͦġ
ЩмûҩʦҲֻǵͽҩʦƽʱֻʲôģյûƳء
ǧû̽мۣ˽һǰľơ
ӫ̲Ȼ󣬿ɶڲҩ˵ǷƷм۵˲࣬۸Ҳ졣
һҡ
֪˭ߺһȻֻһҡ
˾ƣǧɫ΢ڱصãҡ
һΧĿը˹ĸƴֵļһȻһӼӵôң
һҩ˵۸̫ˣңߵĻҲֲӫ̲ݣȥϾԼõˡ
ǣ۸̧ôߣҲˣҲֻ̻رǮһҲ׬
ܿΧȫûǲŲɵȥһҩݣյǮȥԴʲôġ
ǧԸԳõӫ̲ݡ
õӫ̲ݵʱȲд򿪣ɲǣɫֲӳУƯǳƯҩݣֻǮ̻ˡ
û롣ðһֹۣ̻رǮʱܴ㼸ɽ
ǧǳЦǽ㼪ˡ
öų䣬ȥЩ˷ܡ
ĶҲûʲô⣬һЩһЩн׵ĲѪǧ˼ۣЩȱȱ
ۣСѾͷ쿴᳡óѹˡͻȻ



65 ʵļ

ǧĹֽһʲôѹ᣿
צָָ棬ŮŵĽ϶űȻû򿪣ܲõ
ñǧ˳ָķȥͼŮһĦкܴ涨ȻʲôȻ
öΪ֮Ķ϶Ǻñ
ǧһ˲˲ţ˸һƹâ
ŮڽĦʮָͿһʺ춹ޢŴĿޱȣһŮڽд򿪣ɲǣһҫ۽֣˶˺
ɢǧȻֽżŹ⻬ԲĵһǲɫģȵһĴС
ʱΧ˸Ӽˣ޲ȥ˳Ե
ǧЩգǼСһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
Ѳɣħ̣ǳЩٶȣܳϣ
ۣǲʵȻǲʵ
˵һܴӲʵҳħʦ飬ܵõ鲻ǮԼö׬ġ
ħʦֻܴӲʵҳʮʵһѾܰˣԣħʦ鼫ΪЩұۣŪЩֻдӵܲ𡣡
ʵҲҪһмô죿

ӵϣǧ˸ţҲܿ׹
ʵҳħʦ飬߹ҲħӻϴǧѩıѩˣǿҲΪ
ҳ֪ϵħλڴ
̨ϵŮ˺ڵʮŲʵǽѹᣬǵ״ͬŵĶҲһǼ飬ҲʲôûУʱҪƾλľˡ
Ůֵʮŵ᳡һһÿһۡ

úİǮ
ĳǮ̽̽һʣʮһŲʵͲˡ
ʱŮѾһżΪԲ⻬ĲʵЦŲʵ༫ãλԸٽŲʵأڣۿʼ
˵ԽԲĲʵ棬ԽǻкöŲʵۼֱǼƷ
Χ۾ð⣬˼Ѫһʼۡ
ҡ
ҡ
ģʮңҪˡ
ʮҿ˭Һ
ʮ۸ͦģһ۸̾ˣһŵҪʮһҲöҪˣ
գŵʮļ۸һߡ
һõʵȫʼңֻá顱һʵķѣ桭ʲôҲûУ
Ӷֱˣʮ򣬱үʮȫˮƯˡ



66 Ŀкö

ƾôкʧȥʮͲ
Χ˼ôҶˮƯˣҲ͸ΪСĽʮǴǮ򵽲Դôװ˷ѣʵڿϧ
ǧţоһģĵжһɳ죬ĵûֻغգʮһ͵Ķʯпȴִ̼
ʱŮóһŸΪԲĲʵЦŲʵãҲۣλġ
Χ˿Ųʵ༫ãͷ㸡ֳ˸С˼̰ȫǸղиѾѪ޹顣
Ƕڽţһһõļأ
õļǧֹҲϰһҵ׬һʮν
ʮҡ
ʮҡ
Χ˾˼Ѫһֹܿʵͱȥõʵ˺üڣƽʵҿ
ҿ˲䣬һǳɫĹâͷɢ
Χ˶â˹ȥȻй⣬ѵħʦ飿
ǳɫģѵľϵħ飿
ľϵҲǹħ⼼Ҳٽҡ
ʵڱȫҿһǳ̵Ưʹӵ˳
ǳɫľ忴Щ͸ڵƻӳԵüΪƯΧĲһꡣ
Ȼľϵļ顣
ǳ̵ģֻܸͽ׵ħʦãǸ߽׵ľ׬ˣּ鶼٣˵Ǹ߽׵ġ
ǧһۣüͷ΢һССģ͸ɫҲħʦ飿
̾һĽ͵Խڵߣߺѧͷŵħܣʶǽžħʦ顣
ǧԭˣôǵͽ׻Ǹ߽׵ģ
Ƥӣ˵ţɫǳɫԽȼԽߣ˳һᣬһ׵׵ħʦǵͽףֻɫǳļ飬Ϊ߽ɫļ飬ǧѩ
ǧ̯̯֣ô˵ڻǵͽħʦֻõͽ׼顭
ô˴Ķӣԣ㻹Ŭ
һɫӣ֪ΪرЦ
ʱѾ½½кöѾĵ˲ʵ۸һܹȴͷҳ顣
õһ飬Ǳϵ飬Ȼǵͽ׵ģǿüǮ
ʱ򣬻᳡ڴ˷ѻҲ
ǧһſűĲʵͷִӣղ˵ܸܵʵɷ֪ĿŲʵкö



67 ųĲʵ

̧¶һҾ֪ı飬ٺСѾͷñðף
ǧۣǸNɪģ֪һЩʲôģǰףǰԼҳöԲ㣬ʱһɽܳԱʳҪĴҲ԰㡣
۾Ź⣬ȴͻȻߵסӴʲôӰ˵ô˵Ļòã
ǧһסСԴΪõδǲӦó
õֵסջ򴽰ȥ˭ͱʶһþͰһѣ֤׬׬׬
ǧӳһЦ⣬л
ǫ̈ϵļŲʵٿ˫ҲСѾͷ쿴һţøо󣬸ղŵЩСආⶫǴһ
ǧһۿ˹ȥӳһι״ǳªĲʵҼµĶԲƯĲʵżֱǸ˹֡
ÿĺ˫ԵǷǳֻϲ棬ȴ֪һЩĶűСѾͷŲűȫƾԼ
һģǧЩӦ
Ź㣬ԥ㡣
еǲڣֱžͿ£ų̫󣬿϶жģ׬ġ
ǧ̽мۣҡ
Χһ̷˽мۣųĲʵɵӶ֪ûкöȻ˽мۣĸﲻµС㣬Ȼĸ˻ûòʵ
ţ̽ĿͶǧϣ˲ըˡ
ŮӺϤ
ŲǧҵǧǸϲĴݰ
ϲû棬ȻǿųĲʵ
ǧƽϣֲǴɣܶסڿڣֻҪԼ¾ͳɣô˵ܲš
ӹµĽУǧȲͷĲʵóЩŲʵ״ǳòĿ
ΧһٴδЦ
ǿŲʵÿԣҸҴͷûκζ
ǷûʶǧһҡУôң
ǲ֪˵ŷͨѡߵıԣѧʸ񡭡
һ˸һʱ侹ԭز֪˵Щʲô
һﾹܵõѧʸ񣬶ǵǰɣ
ЩòѧʸģǲǱȷﻹ磿
䴽ǣ˲ʯ
ǧвʵЦӣûĴĲʵȫңһʣһЩҡ



68 ûҪϢ

Ҫ׬ǮʲôҲأֱӿ˵ĴĵûˣһЩҪҪ
˵ͷҲжǵͽ׵ļ飬ͽ׼ҪϰȻ߲ܡ
ǧ촽ˮͫӳĹԣԲŹκһö㾡ܸĿžˡ
צָָ𣬾ǿģܸܵͷ
ģ̌룬һŸӳªĲʵӳУŲʵŤŤģûȫһ㣬ֱ۾
ȸղǿŻҪ󡣡ǧ΢䣬ٿһЦ¶Ϊ̫˲ŲȻҪǮġ
̯צӣЩεһֵñָָˡ
ǧתһֻӼʲôֻұӶѡ
˵Щʵض̫ӱþƣ̫ۡӣŶ䣬ЩɵǧС
ǧëҲ֪ôˣղŻúõġ
ٿ̾һ̨ϵĲʵǧңŲʵҪˡ
ֱǧŲʵţ᳡˲ȻعǷ׷׿ڳЦǧĳɵʮûõĳªʵ
ǧ˼ֱ޴Ȼһ棬ʮͭ
ǧǲƴ֣һҸ˷ѡ
ǾԲϷԼ
ʱһһ뿪᳡᳡ڵǸ
ǧֵ˵ĳ䣬Щǣôˣƺ۵ӣ
̧̧ƤӣЩոոܲʵõҲʣ޼Щۡ
ǧ΢΢ȻЩԹô˵ȥ᲻˺
磬ֻӾΨһܺԼ˵ϻС飬ȻƽʱЩ࣬˿̼ɵģЩġ
ҡҡͷ£ֻҪϢһܻˡ
ǧ˿ǾͺãȻȥ
صԼԺӣͼԺųţһЩľôƺʲôǧ곤վһԣɿʵʲô
곤ַ˷뵽ǧСܳ裬ڵǹ˼֣ǧС㣬үҴľ޲һݶ㲻˵ݶ©𣿡
ԣǧЦ֣л
곤ֹЦüΪ飬ǧС㣬ү㣬㸣á



69 ϵħ

ã
ֱЦ
ǧ΢΢̧°ͣ鲻ϲŭһ仰Ҳδ˵ƲЩʲô
곤ﲻģһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ʱľͽݶݺãݶϵƬҲȫȻһ£ӳʱӨ󷢹⣬˼ˡ
곤ִľǺЩңˣǧС㣬ݶѾݺã԰סˣҲûȥͬү
ǧڰ֣ϲŭɫߣ˰Һ͵л
֪С㡣곤ȹ߳Ժ䣬һξûӰ
ʱе˾Qϣģղ곤ҲǸöϴλʹɫ֦ͷͽˣǸ˵Ҳڰͽ㡣
ǧƺһĨů⣬˵ҶףǧЩͿ͸ˣĵľǲʵʲô
һ۾QЩʵóҲرͷʲô
ǧӣֽռڵĲʵȡ
ޱȵĲʵϣǧһۣþʵ飬ֻáԡһɫĹâӵг
һǳһЩһһЩȴҲΪ
âǧĵǷ漴öƯĺɫӳһöǳһĨͬѪҺ
ǧö壬۾Ź⣬ɫģǡ
ҲסȴֺܿһûöӦǻϵ飬ǳһöǵͽ׵ģһöǸ߽׵ġ
ǧգգ۾漴ǳЦҲ˵ö鶼ҿõˣ
õͷû㶼áϵǸϵ֮ףϵĻϵ࣬ҲرСѾͷһӾ͵õͽ׺͸߽öϱǲո˰
ǧֻЦ
ֹһٿצļЩֻҲ⣬ȼֻǳɫļ飬ɫǸ㵽˵ɣҲָҪˡ
ǧһֻӼƽϣֱץϵǳɫ壬ʵֻҪ𣿡
õͷ˸⣬ûЩգҿĻϵħͻΡ
ǧһ漴ָǳɫϡ
ʱһǿҵھ˸ͣǧþȫâյƬ̣ԼʶһĿռ䣬ǺһƬ˿巽򣬸ܲκϢ
Ķ
ΪʲôʲôûУ
ǧüͷ̽ѰЩš
ٿ



70 ͽ׼ԭ

ĿռڳһĨ⣬һɫַ֣ǧԼʶ̽ͻȻ΢΢ס
̽еʱǧֻһת֮䣬ַ·ڵĻϵħ
ǧĸһУüͷҲʱȻΪλˣ
ѵЩɫ־ǼϵݣȻǺ뵽УҲڲ֪ڻһɾ޴ȴͷŶ
еľâǿ󣬹âɢ廯̳ȥ
ǧȻ۾ֵĻ潥ȥԼֻ̯ô˿һС
Ȼ֪ô£ܾںйɾ޴ǧȲڿнϵħ
һƣɴʧɫСѾͷŵ㣬˵ǵͽ׼飬ϵǳǧյˡ
ǧƺûһĺ֣ٿⲻɢֻмĹǧС֡
С򲻶Ư⣬ͬ岼âˡ
ǡ
ͽ׼ԭûϵħǧСۻ룬ˣ
ǧʣվǧСԡķˣ绪˫
Сƺܵãֱֻá顱һٵĻڿɢɲǣҫ۵ĹâȾǧϿգͬһԭˡ
ǧʶִˣæջأеĻҲȥ
ܵ濴һۣͼϵĻԾûˣɫرƯ
ǧЩյͷЩСƤܵԶըˡ
ǧʲô˲źá
һNɪϣСѾͷ⣬ڰִ˰ɣǧȫϹӣϵĻ⡣
ϵĻ⽥ɢһƬεɫӳС
ǧɳһʱԺ⴫һ
ǧϽطϵɫ嶪ռ䣬ƿԺţקһСѾʵ㼱Ҵҵģȥʲô
Ѿɫǣһ޴ľͰһ֣ǸʧүѰʧԴͷ𡣡
ǧЦЩ֣һֱ㽫Ѿ߷ſˣԭˣȥʧԴͷɣյʲôضɾͲˡ
Ѿ߸뿪ˡ
һȥҴҵѾߣǧر飬ЩŪİ
״ұQͻᴳСѾͷ



71 ڰħʦ

ǧЦЩǿ
Ӿƽϡ
µգ»˪ǧٷٴȥ극
յķϸǢǧٷһֱЦݣЦ۵ʱҲһݽ͹١
ǧɫһԼҵı˶ãͼϽǹϲɫüĿһͷȻ뷨

ǧٷЦⲻ䣬Դ⼸գǧһֱϲѶѩϴչ֣ѧʸ񣬶ա
ǧٷһ٣ٿֿڵˮѾͨѧԺԣվһͬȥѧԺˡ
ԼŮгϢȻЦúϲ£ˣˮгϢҲү̵з
ǧٷߣź룬⣬ϲɫ٣ǧҵŮȻ
λã㾴һϲ˳ͨѧԺԡǧѩִƱЦˣɫµһذ
˺ľƣǧѩƱ£һһԼʥŮ¶ɡ
ǧ⳯ǧһۣ˲ü
ǧȫ
ֱǹ
ǼһͷԶǷʤʲôаǼ˺ڰħʦɣ
ǧץʲôѱһЦЩˣǰǧҶŮȫǸϲ񣬾Ҳͷ˻ϵħʦʵڿϲɺأֻǲ֪õĻϵħǷɣ˺ڰħʦɣ
ᵽڰħʦᣬϵɫԱ䣬Ҳ˼ּɵ
ǧٷһ䣬ⲻú
ǧŪϵľƱɫ޹Ҳһ䣬˭õħЩΣΪǧ롣
ǧٷ򴽣ɫӵؿǧһۡ
ǧĿŪЩĪڰħʦʲô
ãѯʡ
գź۾ӼΪ޹ó˯ӴڰħʦⶫҲͷһ˵
ǧĿջأ֪Ӿס
ãЩҪ˵ڣǵϸϸòСǧѩ廨Ӳ˲ǣе˾磬Щ˾;ǾЩأǧҽһĵģ򲻿Ҳ¼ɡ
ǧ򴽣ګګ㣬ˡ
ǧɫǧѩȥװ˵Ҳһݽɫ
ϣûǧѩĺǷμʱڣսȻҷǳ
ǧѩЦ͵ظŲյã㶨Ȼɣ
ᡣǧҡҡͷ



72 

ǧѩЦˮôСʶ壬ο
ǧףЦӲá
Ƕ̻ǧЩζ뵽ѧԺʱʧ֣Ͷǧֺ˼֡
һֱΪλжԼҲģͷӳվȻԼڼеĵλˡ
ǧȻסȭͷһҪҵͺڰħʦ˽֤ͨݣܽϳǧңʰԼĵλ
ǧѩҡҡͷЦδֻ̻Ǿǧҽò㻥¼ɣǵһġ
ǧͷЦ⻰˵õƯҲ֪мġ
Ǵ˵öԡǧٷĻãоЦ⣬֮Ҫ֣ҪһģЩ¼ɵۣ͵Ҫҷźˡ
ǧŵһʲôҲû˵
ǧšü˿̻֪ڰħʦᣬʲô
һٷԵɻأǧص˼¯ҩ㵹ͷ˯
գǺѧԺӡ
ǧĽ˵һͬʱ߳ǧҴţĽ̫󷽣ǵðշ׷ͣסĿ
ǧմ˼ɫɴȹЦʱ绨㽿ޣ㣬Χİǲڿǰ
ǧѩ»󣬡ùǣǸÿЩȥѧԺ
ǧͷֳǧһۣһذ£Ц
ѧԺȸ½һɽˮ㣬ɾĵط
ļ紺΢һɫһ׷׶䣬˲ڵϻһɫ̺ӣʤա
ӳ䣬㿴Ρѧ¶ǳǳһǣ߽ЩѧȻ˵ǰѧΡ룬ɽһ֮ϣΧƮ죬·ܻһ
ǧԾѧסˣʮ㣬ͬɸ
ǧסǣЦãƽٳţǵһμѧԺɣǲǾԴɾ
ǧȷƯ
ǧüЦöɾʵ򰵲ӿѵûƼͨѧ·ϣһľ𣿡
ģ̌ԶƼһľźľźխڷлζͣľԨ
ҪѧԺͱͨľţã²°ǧв֣һ˿ӿ۵ӡ
ǧ۾ɫнһҲ¡
ǧЦ⼥Ȼ£ȥ߰ɡ
ǧѩǧˮδֹվԭؾϷ
ߣǱһֱվԭؿϷˣǧüĿһ󷽵ߵϡ
һߵúȡ
ǧǰһŲϣɲǣζͣЩʧ㡭



73 ǵ

ǧסһԵܿסΡ
ǧվںһЦǸǶԲסˣ㷽ŽŻһʹϻζû£Ȼġ
ǧһۣȫûʲôǸ⣬ȫֻòã
ǧջĿ⣬ôխҲֻҪס߾ˡ
ǧӦһԹת
ǧѩǧˮվں󷽻ƶҲ˵ʲôȫһ־״̬
治ǰ˵ģ˺þöûпͷ
ǧһʱŻٴλζͣ
ǧȻסӣϻζһ˲ѣζʧžúࡣ
ãĽֻһ£ղû°ɣǧգգ۾еһ䡣꣬һ泤ôûԨأ
ǧ۵һ⣬΢䣬Цñ⣬ĽǴҲ̫Сˣһˤȥô죿
ǧۣɫͻ䣬ң
ǳס
ǧĿתЦû㣬ֻ㣬ЩСķΪϲ߿ǧˡ
䣬ǧľȥٶȿøԱһһ֮䣬˿С
ǧվںصֱǷôͻȻˣٶô죿
ܿ죬ǧܵžͷͷ󷽲ɢȥжȻһĨЦ⣬ҶˣСĻҲζɡ
ǧϸɴץסӣҡΣɲǣͬǧһҲζ·һӾͻὫϵ˦Ԩ
ôˣͣ
һɱĲҽϡ
ǣǧĲҽǧЦеĴ۵ףӳ¾Ө͸鶯
ǧǲùﰡ
ҡˣҪˤȥˡ
ǧ۾һУΣǵ
ǧЩȥĲҽǧ֪ʿɶֹ㽫ɿˣҲȵǱѧԺȥ
ͷͬɾ浹Ҳ˼ѧԺټ󣬲ٴɫ۵ѧѧԺȥЩѧ곤ӦЩǰ
涵£һɫ۵ĵʦŶȣеš
ӦþǱĵطɡ
ǧǰҾʦġ
ʦһǷΪ߰ʵʲô֣
ǧ
ʦԣжһĨɫǧҵǸ



74 Ů

ǧָգһӿɫ룬Ӧǵġ
ľ̴еë˦ϣǿ׳ǺѧԺշҲ֪㵽˺ֶξȻܻѧʸַѧԺ涪ѧԺ档
ǧսȭͷٿȭͷ䣬üһѹʦȻƾ豾ѡӱģղŵۣĪڼָµĲǣ
ľ̴ֱӣ۾ң
ǧ޹̯̯֣УֻڳʵҵʦΪʦһֱ˵໰ǲðɣ
ľ̴ӿ
һݵС̫ͷ϶
ľ̴һӴλվڰ˽ߵѹ¶һʱΧͻ䣬ĿҲһĨѹ֡
ǧסؿڣֻ˷ѹΪʹͺҪһǡڸ߽׸ֵѹ
һԵѧľ̴ڽѵŵܿ
֪Ȼľ̴ʦľ̴ʦǳСҪù
ǧúѹ֣ٿһѪ
ľ̴ʦס֡
Ů̧֣˲佫ľ̴ɢѹɢ
ѹһɢǧ࣬ĨһѪգѭȥ
ľ̴ʦղ۸ϹƲͷľ̴
ľ̴ĴȣĿⲻƣſˮϹΪҺܿл۸һ
Ϲۣ촽΢̣ղʲô
ľ̴ǧһۣλŭʦģҲǲǧҵǧֱӺһ䡣Ҳѹ֣ǧСϲҲ֪˺εֶξܽѧԺ˰ɡ
ǧ͡
ѧԺĵʦôǧҽһһֱϲˣˣʶˡ
ϹǧһֽۣĿͶľ̴ϣֻԼ˵ϲҲʶôˣ֪ġ
ǧһ㶣Ů˵Ǹġ
Ϲ˵ʲôľ̴ɴ۾ɫЩѿ
ϹųˮŤʵʵ˵



75 ǰʦ

ľ̴ҧֱ˦һֽͷǧ￴ʲôֽȥĵʦ
ֽͷд֡
ǧһֽۣĿͶľ̴ϣ˼ŮȻǲ˰
ôߣǷﵽֶ𣿡ľ̴ֺһ䣬ŭ䡣
ǧֽͷպãޱҵȻöľ̴ʦϹʦҾˡ
λľ̴ǰ˽ߣɢѹӲӲĻԿһ̣ԺȼԽܽڽˡ
ǧת뿪
Ϲ俴ֽдۣɫһ䣬ʵľ̴ôֽд֣㲻֪ѾЩûչͽ𣿡
ľ̴ǧ뿪ıӰЦݵ⣬Σ
Ϲۣ˵λСǻϵħʦӱһͽΪʦû츳
ľ̴ʼ磬һνһССϵħʦѣָǼ˺ڰħʦͻȻѵĻϵħ
Ϲľ̴ʦء
ľ̴üᣬһϲܽѧԺǶĶͣǳĵʦ̵ֱǳ˵Ρ
Ϲת뿪ľ̴㾹С۶Ϊʦ
ľ̴ıӰü䡣
СˣһԼշתлģ
ǧȡֽţָʾһľСľ⡣
ѧԺĵطשߵƯӣСľô£
ǧľǻһ̧ǰ
ľΧ˺ö滨ݣͷ׵ɫӳУ˾طһԴ
ǧһһƻǼ⣬ܵƻһһ߽
ʱ򡭡
һϸСʯͷշǿơ
ǧһ㶣㵽һߡ
顱һСʯͷ׹أϾһСӣɼˡ
˾ôҵľݣһ˵Ҳż⣬ãѧԺĵʦ߹㣬ط𣿡
ǧû˵̧㳯Դȥ
ͼһڵľĳϣ˫Ƚһƺ«һһںţˮ˫ԽԽ죬
ǧشѧԺͷˣþؤһղŵ֡
תͷͻȻ뷨ǰҾǰʦ
̧һ˫۾һʶңã



76 ˫ϵ

ǧʱſ˰ӡ
ԼĪʮ£ͭһ˫۾ȴڶ°ʹӣȫӦǼΪӢζģϧ˺̫Լȫ¶͸¶һǷϸС
׷ʲôŻһ˱Ƿϣ
Ҳ˵ģ
ǧü˰βſڵľ̴ʦҵֽţ㡣
˵ţеֽóݸ
ĥһֽֽŽӹɲǣŨؾǧǼ⣬һɴܳζ
λּûϴˣ
ǧţȴû¶κı顣
ֽͷչһۣͻȻֽͷšͶڵϣľ̴СţѾͽܶˣͽʲôãȾʵڣϽ뿪ҸʦֻҪҾͳɡ
䣬ֺһھƣббؿϣڳһģ
ǧۣȴû뿪ʦȻѧԺ潫ָңҵĵʦвϣǾԲߵġ
ȻǷϷǳϵǿ֮ȴôҲڸǲԼĵʦ϶Ժĵ·
ңѧԺϽѧѾѵʦɸˣǲܸĵġ
վƺ
վŰɡݣͻȻŲһ٣Ȼͷ´һ
ǧЩͷƤ飬ôˣ
ߺ«ߵߣ˫ģ·ǿһĶ
ǧ򴽣ͷƤӷ飬ʦǰ
һѿסļйâ˵ҲǻϵħʦҲϵħǣ˫ϵ
ǧͫ׽һ£âǱףһʱҲ˵ˣ㿴ˣ
ſⲻڣƳ˼ǣҾԵ÷࣬㶼һܽа𣿡
ǧ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵ʲôá
תͷԵľƺ«𣬵˫ϵüʮ궼ûһλ˫ϵˡ
ǧ򴽣üʮꡭùȻûƭԼ˫ϵȻΪϡȱĴڣǱ˷֣ƻ𾪲ѣҲ˼ɱ֮
Ѿ֪Σ
һʱ¶ɱȴֺܿ쵭ȥ
𾪹ָֻԭӣ˫ϵΣûԴû츳ͷȵϵĻ硣
ǧһ飬ûһˣ
˿ھƣֵҲõǣǲὫ˵ȥġ
ǧָ⣬ͷˬղŵɱ˰ɡ
֪ľᣬת뿪¡
ǧͻȻסʦҾԼ츳УĿǰϵףϵףλǷĵʦ̵ҾͻͽѵͲۿһλ˫ϵ˲ο˷ѣһ۷ģ



77 õˮ¹˵

Ųһ٣ƺЩ˵ˡ
ǧһתٽλ۷֮˻̵ְֽģʦͲĹ̻Ȥ˼Ͳɾ͸𣿡
䣬ǧơ
ƴ˼ͺЦ⣬㵹˵˲ͬղŵⷬЩԾԾԡ
ǧǳЦǵʦȴ
žƺ«ֱҡͷͽܺ鷳Ҳϲ鷳
ǧգգ۾ˮͫģƯʦҺ˲̸ͬҵһЩһвҲŻ㣬ƽʱǲġ
ۣٴϴ˼Ѿͷ˵ûöǳ
ǧǰһ˫ӾӨǵʦ˼ǣ
бľϣҪˮ¹ǣܸұӦĵʦҲĻͱˡ
䣬߽ݷ䣬ȥˡ
ǧվԭأɫƽͷȴը˹
ˮ¹ʲô
򴽣ŷ뿪Ȼȥȥú÷ˡ
뿪ÿľݵĴӣһ΢
Ȼ˫ϵħʦСѾͷرܺúôһػһĳɾͣҲÿûʵõˮ¹ˡ
ӷ£ײײߵ߼Ⱦơ
ֻһʽڿҪſʼѧԺͳһҲ
һɫɴӣؿڴýšѧԺ֣Եøɡ
ǧСľ󣬾ֱӻǧҡ
һصԺͷʼ鼮ˮ¹鼮ͦϸļأ˵һֽˮ¹ħ޵Ľǡ
ˮ¹ħ޼Ϊϡȱȸ½ûħޣֻж½УҪȥ½õˮ¹ǣûѼµʱ䣬ʱƻ˶ˡ
ǧûʧЦ
һܴ⡣
ôӿռQСѾͷҪǸƹΪʦʵҲԽİ
ǧ鼮ϣŵһԵļϣǾƹʵɲ⣬Ѿ˯ѣҵʦͬһ𸨵ܹǺõġ
䶯Ŵ꣬Ҳκη֮ԡ
ɫ磬ǧͱȥ
յķڣǧҽȥѧԺ˵ַ䵽ޱȵĵʦһȫЦ⡣
ҺʹĵʦϹǧЦſԼҫ˵ϹǾŽϵħʦ¸أħʦȫй˵ĳɾ͡



78 ӶӦ

ǧٷߣź룬ЦÿϹȷλõʦǸߺúѧϰĳɾͱز١
ǧЦӦˣò˵λϹ湻ƯģǴʵڴ󵨣Ů϶ȥ
ǧѩŪ꣬ӹ˵Ϲٵʦȸ½ˣطϰ׿ܾͻЩ𡣡
ԭˡǧһ
ǧˮüųͬߵܽػǶħʦֵ߱ľ̴ʦǶ˵ľ̴ʦЩСۣ֪ǲġ
ȻѾľ̴ʦ£ͱ˵Ļ뻰ǧѩĦŲյһĨЦ۵ӣľ̴ʦǰ˽ߣߺúѧϰһĳɾ͡
ǧˮףл̻塣
áǧ⿪ڻһЩ⣬Ϲٵʦֵ²δ㣬㱻λʦ
뵽޹ʻζ;ΣȻСŪġ
ۣ۲
ģ̌ڵҵĵʦǣ
һ˵ı鶼ֱ䡣
ǧùŹ֣̲ס˼ۡ
ǧȻ񣬲ɴЦĵʦȻǸ˵ͽˣܰ£
ǧɫﵼʦλиԵˣҾֻҪŬܰ¡
ﵼʦȷ츳׿Խ񡭡ǧѩֹǧһĨͬ顣
ǧֻã㲻Ǹľ̴ʦİɣȰúͬľ̴ʦǸŰһ޳ɡ
ǧüտڲ
ǧٷɫѿѣ˲ӬһΪŮǻϵħʦˣһɳ죬Ȼ˰¡
ǸֻȾƵʲôǰ;
ȻǷԶǷ
ǧٷҧǧȥľ̴ʦúõǸ˵㻹ܰ£ȻߣһףҲа
ǧüǳЦ֪ҵˮ¹ǣ
ˮ¹ǣ
ǧٷЩɻؿһۣҪⶫʲô
һ¡ǧףġ
½Сǧٷûףȥ½ֱ
ǧѩһۣһ⣬Ҫˮ¹ǵĻӶӦҪĶ
Ӷ᣿ǧۿ



79 ǼǳΪӶ

ǧѩˮһЦοӶÿ궼ӶӶÿȫһίоͻõĽһƷˮ¹ǡ
ǧëȶ۲ת
Ӷǰع֯˳Ǯǳÿ춼ԡѪսÿ춼Σգȴʮִ̼
Ҳ֪ǧѩЩϢǺ˼Ų׶ѣĪǣȥ
ǧŲյɫЦл棬ҵĺý㡭
ǧѩеЦΪˣҵãȻʵԸ棬ΪӶʵΣգÿźá
ǧӦһ
극ǧȫɢȥ
ǧ⳯˼ۣĽǧѩһʵ㣬ղΪҪǸˮ¹ҲܵõĶ
ǧѩϴ˼ۣЦ֣ӲͽҪͽҲĿѣˮ¹ͰйأҲֻ΢һ£ǧҽòӦû𣿡
Ҳ˵ǷȥΪӶģ
ǧ촽һĨЦӶÿ춼ǷﲻףĶ̡
ǧѩ̾治ϣȥľ̴£ҲȰǿ
䣬ת뿪ںһ˸ǳ
ϣȥϣǧ⿴ǧѩıӰ૿񶾡
ա
ǧӾȥӶᡣ
ӶϽſڰڷʨʯһһɱѪǴӶɢģֳɱеϢͨ˾ǲһ
ǧӾΧ˼ۣͷһԾ޴ǽųǧֽֽд˺ö֣ЩӦþί
ö񡣡ǧһֽһֽҲ֪ˮ¹ǵĶ
ǽϿ˼ۣͻȻЩεģû뵽˯꣬ȻӶֶҪԼҰɣѾˡ
ǧ̾˿
ҰңҰҡ
ͻȻǧйâ㿴ǸίУ˵ȥȸɭѰʮǵͽˮ¹һԡ
ôצӣǣСѾͷñȥ
ǧؽίֽ˺£ߵǰ̨
ǰ̨վһƯЦλǰӦûеӶҲûǼǹɣ
ǧҡҡͷǵһӶᡣ
ƯóֽëʣʵһµǼǰɡ
ǧ
Ư￪ѯʣʲô֣߻ħʦȼǶ٣ûɱħ޵ľ



80 Sί

ǧһһش𣬡ҽǧĿǰ׻ϵħʦɱһֻƤħܣ˰ɣ
Ưִëʣֽд£дһëʲһ٣ΪҾЩϤǧǧҵС㣿
ǧǱἰΪɱ˺ƤħܣҲΪȡѧʸ񣬷ǰʢķȻһɳ죬ʵڽ˲š
ǧЦкҵȷǧҵС㣬㾪ǲ뵽ǰ¼
ɣ֣ҽɣܣûбʲô˼ֻ΢е㾪ȶѣϾǼ˴˵е
ɣܣ
һ֡
ǧֻЦ
ɣܽǼϢãһ㽻һźڿǧС㣬źڿӶ֤ÿһлִ棬ۻһ̶ǽһЩԴԻ㱣ܺźڿ
ǧڿռ䡣
ɣգ۾ֵǧС㣬ܲܽӵҿ£ҪǼǡ
ǧίֽϣɣһɫ䣬ǧС㣬SίҪӲܿ
һ㶣۵һһ˾ͲУ
ɣҡͷ̬ȼУԲУ׵ײħޣӲɱǧСΪȫ룬Ҹ
ǧ򴽣治У
ǼǣԼȥɱˡ
ɣÿˮУǧСҪִ⣬ȴûǼǣҲǵòġ
ǧһ飬ػ࡭
㲻ǧͻȻһ
ǧͼһɴȹɴɴվһԣ°һ߰Сģ
жϲۺɫϴҲŷۺɫ
ǧǰ̨΢΢ⲻɴɴСϴһɺã
ɴɴһһҲãҵĽδұүүһͨ㣬ᡣ
ǧʼ磬ǿЦɴɴСδȡأһΪѷء
ɴɴҧгݣָıӵﾹҲФ뱾СĽȣѱСĽȻ
ǧۣ˸ΪϴһսɴɴСĹۣϾһý˵ˣΪνջһһţȡطȵ̬ȣ
Ŀһɴɴϵʱ١
죬ֻ˵Сޣҡ㡭ֻǲĶѣô׸ʲô˵Ҹ̬Ȳûطȣ



81 ʮĶڤ

ǧϵίֽü۽䣬ɴɴС㣬ױϵϵħʦ
ɴɴίˣڹϴβŸҴҵʵˣȴڷҡһҡ
ͻȻúί򲻹ҲˣھȻҪ裬أ̫ˡ
һﻹͻȻίˣղŻһʢ˵ģСã˼оǧҽõˡ
ͨ۾ܿһ˵ƷԣܵΪԭ򣬶΢߰һЩá
ǧָָϵίֽҪҪؽȣ͸ȥһί񡣡
޳ɴɴ
ǧЦȻ޳Ľҡ
ɴɴᣬСǵͨ죬㲻ҼƷ˵ʲô񣬴ҷֵ𡣡
ǧίֽݸԼ
ɴɴίֽһۣٿʲôȻSɱ׵ĺǣҲҪʮɵ˾ȥġ
ǧͶ䣬ģףףǰ˽ףֻСС׺ʲô
ɴɴһòѪô𣬵ʱһצӾͽ
ǧίֽҵĵṴ̊ƾǰȴǰǲҪˣźš
ɴɴקסææ˵Իòã˭˵ҲҪˣ
ǧü㣬𣿡
ɴɴԲ۾˵Сȥ
ŹԡǧЦļ򣬸תͷɣܣɣܣڿ԰ǵǼ˰ɣ
ɣһ飬ǹҵĵŮɣ
ȻüˣŪ
ǼǺˣ˱߳ţȸɭ֡
׺ϲϢȸɭɭΧвٵͽħޣҪ뵽ͱ뽫Χĵͽħȫɱ⡣
ǧذװȼ䣬׼ʱɱ
ϡӴɴɴڨڨһЦĿڵǧСƽﲻģһ֪жڤָ߼ɣ
ǧڤݣʲô
ɴɴ¶һҾ֪ı飬ȡƬҶӣǶڤݣֻҪͿֱϣͽħŵζͻȴҲܿЩ뵽ɭ
˵ɴɴ飬ͿĨȡ
ǧɣɭΧҲвӶ룬һֱɱħޣδʲôڤݡ
ɴɴգ˶ŵⶫûģ֪һöڤݾҪʮЩίӶõ𣿡



82 뺿Ƕ

ʮ򣬾һƬҶӣ
ǧִƬСҶӣһʧЦһﲻǱƭ˰ɣ
ôɴɴҸ˵ûġȻϲ㣬Ҳڶ¶йģԲ͵¶
ְ۾ǧǽڤһڽ£Ȼ󣬾ͿĨֱϡ
ɲǣһֱ֮ӣһζ
ͽħŵζȴŤСƨֱĴӴܣǧŴ˷治ٴʧЦû뵽ⶴڤݻͦá
ɴɴһʮĶȻˡ
ǧЦ
ûеͽħ޵ĸţ˺ܿɭɴɴק󣬵ϲϢڹľУҴȥ
ǧû̧ŸĽŲ
ͰĹľУмֻͷʳ˺һֻ÷¹Ƥ⣬ѪĽѪζŨء
ɴɴ˲ŻȻڳôĵĶ
ǧûжٸоϾѾϰ˵ѪӣñϵħסǵĽţ֮һûϵħʦһɱ
ɴɴͷͻȻʶһҪ⣬Ļϵħ׶ѡ
ҵٶȺͲɣǴλδûϵħѾܡǧʵ˵ңҵħ˵ףҲǧѩд˶ʮС
ɴɴ򴽣ðɣҾһΣɵøס
ǧڰ֣֪ˣ쿪ʼɡ
ɴɴһ͵ɲǣһɫħŵ»ͣ
ħʧӨıѩ̺ͬһ㣬ܶˣʳĺû׼ֱֱסԭء
ҺˣЩɱɡɴɴЩѿڡϾǱȼߵħޣıϵħ֧Ų˶á
ǧͳȣװ
ɴɴɴ۾Ϊŷȵٶô죬Լ˲֪٣ѵıԼôࣿ
ɴɴ룬˶ˡ
ǲһɴɴ̬ȣıϳѺۣһֻǷֱӴӱѶ
ǧ˫һᣬеĻҳɲǣҵĻͬһ㣬ֱֻѶȥ
䡱һҵǵļϡ
𡭡˻ɺ˫ź·Ҫ˳˺ѡ
ǧͫ΢û뵽ǵķȻãĻϵħȴδֺ˲š
ǲǲ
ٴγѺۣвٺǿʼʼ
ǧɴɴͺһס



83 ɱķɱɱɱ

ԣɴɴȻб䣬Щŵٴϵħ
ıѩǵأٴνЩĺǹ̶ԭء
ɴɴٴȻ˿Ȼ񣬲ûɲصĴ
̧ǧķȥ˲ͫһ£ĶǧСİֻǺ󣬰
ɴɴٿȻסԼ۾
ٴ۾ʱɴ۾ͬʯԭأҲһ
ô
ֻǺѾǧŻû뵽ǧٶȾȻǺҪ졭еĶذףֱֱǺС
ѪȾһ˿̵Եޣɫ䣬ɱ䡣

ɴɴͣ㶵ؿǧ
ܾô˿̵Щһ˵Ѫӣȫ¶ȾɱѪ˲
ɴɴ˫սЩûס
ǧϵĶذװγɴɴס
·ϵɴɴֻԴһˬʲôӰ˵뷨ȫɢȥۡ
ǧɱķ
ذ׵ǲɣѪ·÷š
ɴɴں֮䣬ûϵħʦذײģŸɣһɢɴɴ𾪣Ҳľ
ǣȻɱǡ
һֻɱǧӺǱһԾ¡
ɴɴ˲˿æϵħߣ㽫ȫɱˣЩĻҾҪŲסˡ
ڻðɣǧһ䣬תͷϵĺʬ壬Ǻǿ𣿡
ɴɴһѪʬ壬θЩڲϢǿݡ
ǧִذףؽһһȡ
ַɴɴܾŰ¿ˮ
ȡǧһܹʮһί϶һÿʲôġ
ǧӽãŶռ䡣
ɴɴܲסѪζææڵȡǾͳɭְɣɭкöħޣٴȥҹζࡣ
ǧҪ̧ţȴ뵽ʲôһԭؿڵԴħ޾ӦûܲŹǿϧˣ
ɴɴĽŲҲ΢٣ҲǡǿЩȡˣǾ뿪
ǧؽԴ˿ȡħ޾ˡ
ħ޾΢״ħ޵ȼԽ߾Խ󣬷֮ԽС
ǧħ޾սռ䣬߰ɡ
˸ת뿪ʱ򡭡



84 ͻȻ

һĤͷʱһݣԭǰС
ɴɴ̿ˮʶסǧӣʵô£ղŵľôңͺʲôŵһ
ǧԴȥȴʲôҲɭеȸҲܵʲôţųûˡ
ɭھþףܷǳ
Χı仯ǧͷһܸоַ֮С
ȸɭֵ޷ǾЩӶˡǧѸ侲ղŵľӦʲôǿħޣ˿ָ̻ƽ޷ֿܡ
ɴɴգ۾ʵʲôܣ
ǧڵͫۼһѾǿħɱڶֱǡѾǿħɱһǿħڼѰĿꡣ
翣ЦɴɴĿҲֿԽϴ󣿡
ǧۣҸڵڶ֡
ɴɴͫһȹҪ룬ǻʲôûǿħҵ͸Ͻ߰
ŲҪΪħв͡
ûɲǣӿضɽҡܿ죬ֱѿһϸۣǳ濴ȥⴥĿġ
ɴɴһûվȣֱֱˤڵϡ
Ϊλ
Ÿһ꣬ڵĵطѿһĿӣͬ죬̾뽫븹
ɴɴץϵʯ飬ϧһֻѾȥˣ˵ģֻҪ΢һˤȥ
ҧҧ¶һ޿ı顣
ɣҪˣ
кööûɣˣҵ˿϶Ϊġ
˼ʱһֻСֿϽ˶קȥ
ɴɴЩδִ˼ſǧɫӣΪҪңϴ㣬ӦûˣղǸѵĺûᣬΪβԼã
ʱΧѾƽ
ǧһۣǳЦûҪһ軵СѾͷƽϣҸղһܱһ˹սǿɡ
ɴɴ䶯ǣðɣȷʵͦá
ǧǰ
ɴɴȻסǰʲô
ǧʽǰС̽һϢ˵ѲҪһֱɭ
ɴɴһ̸ĽŲҲԣһħ޴ڳô죿ɭԲǰȫڡ
˼ΧЩѺ⵹ǼΪƽǧ˲ͷʵǰӦȸɭְɣʱûͻȻ𶯵
ɴɴ°ͣ˼
ǰͬһȸɭ֡ɴɴգգ۾˺ܶΣɭһֱƽûв𶯡



85 ħ

𶯡
ǿҵ𶯣Ǻڰħʦùɣ
뵽˴ɴɴ̿ˮҲһ¡
ǧɫ죬۾ʵղôˣǲ뵽ʲôؼˣ
ɴɴٴβ˲æҡҡͷҸղû뵽ʲôôʵʵ뷨϶ᷢ϶ᡭ
ǧٴδġ
ʲôвʵʵ뷨
뵽ʲôˣ
뵽ʲô;˵ǧüһĨ˼Щ鱨ܶڵҪ֪𣿡
ɴɴвʵʵ뷨ߣſڵ֪ˣʲôҶ˵ġ
ںڰħʦô˵ĶͲ˵ˡ
ţǧͻȻһ䣬ɴɴһߡ
ɴɴȫûӦɫ֣°
ǧüĿԶĳһϣ㿴Ǳߡ
ɴɴĿͶȥɲǣͫ΢΢ϵѪɫҲڽȥͬһ㣬·һ¾ͻ
˰ɣǧޱ顣
ɴɴ򴽣־һڣ˲侪ʧ룬Ϊʲôöħޣڳˡ
Զħ޾ۼһײеŶӣ֮𶯣رѿЩǰӶֵסֱӱǲ븹ɲǣѪһѪζӣɭ־һ޵
ɴɴſͣŵЩ
δĳ棬ôħޣгǧɡ಻ͬȼǲͬͽħڸ߽ħ޴һʳ
ɴɴԴΣҪг
ǧۼֿ죬æֽס;ܽУʱͻһʳɾͷ¡
ǱߵĲ״ɴɴءۿҲЩġ
ȷгǧŽſ
һõͷţɴɴһˤڵأʣˮҴδĳ棬Ϊλôħ޾ۼǽ᲻
ôħ޾ۼڴˣǧҲЩͷƤ飬֪ղһֱײ²⵽ʲô˵
ɴɴӣſǻҸղڲ룬᲻ǺڰħʦɵģǺڰħʦɵģǽѪɺӣһܲ
ڰħʦ˺ü£Ϊλѡʱ
ϣβǵĸɵģȻˡ
ڰħʦ᣿ǧɻѡѾڶˣʲô



86 Ǻڰħʦɵ

ϣʦͳ
ɴɴӣ۽ϻһˮ㾹Ȼ֪ڰħʦ᣿
̽͸۾ǧһʲôҴһ㱻϶ΪϲǧҲӲ˵飬ֱҲŶ˽⣬ȴͨ
ѧһɴɴŬŬͣʱһĨԽУڰħʦǸаĵطֻԶ֮˲ŻУм䲻ЩᶷģҲûϵĴǻʹ֮Ǳɵϵħʦ
ǧµع𴽽ǡ
ֲǧ˵ͺڰħʦйᣬԭǸطὫͨ˸ħʦǻͻ䣿
졭
أǧгζ
ɴɴǧħ޻Ƕ㰲Щ֮˾ͳ˹߹ɱӶ֮£ֵø½ð

ǧеץסۣ˵Ҳ˵ڰħʦѾܾòˣ
ɴɴǰѾüˣһΪǹѾͣˣȴû뵽¶һǺڰħʦɵģǲܹ½ۡ
ǧ°ͣ˼
ɴɴ򴽣½кöڰħʦ߹켣Ⱥ֮УҲ֪Ǿôģɱĺ𣿡
ǧۣԶǧħޣеĲ
Ǻڰħʦɵء
ɴɴֳЩħȺȥٿӵɴ촽쿴ǵ۾ǲȫǺɫģ
ǧ´۲΢ζһ¡
ǧħ޵۾ǻɫģͷһ˿б͹ɱͷ·˿һ㣬ԵøΪײ֡
Ǻɫģôˣǧ⡣
ɴɴͬҶһͣɫˡǺڰħʦᣬѾڰħʦסˡ
ǧ𾪣ǸᾹܽǧħ޿ס
Ǳڰħʦס𣿡ǧ򴽣
ɴɴקɪɪҾԲῴҺСʱҲƵ飬ʱħǵ۾ѪɫģǱû˼ֻɱ¾ȻʱƵħܱ࣬Ѫɺӡ
ǧü̯ϴˣ
ɴɴſǻ˵Ǹô죬᲻Ϊħǵвͣ
ǧ侲ֻҪڱ˵𵽴ܣһжҵģǶû¡
ɴɴգź۾ģ

ǧ̯֣һɫǲ룬ǿԷͷж



87 ħȺ׷

ɴɴקӣַӲֿҴδԹôħޣңֻҪ·ʲôġ
ǧ۲ħǵһһסĻָӵܣͱʯĳ
ɴɴίر죬ֹ˵ǧСųôô
ǧذȡӹŹ߹һˣܻıġ
ɴɴԣƶǶصͷ
ǧŻڽʳħȺüͷħ̫࣬ǲǧ򲻿սʱҵ϶꣬ϣһӳɭ֡
ɴɴæͷҲôģʱһñϵħǶԭأĻᡣ
ǧΪֿǣȶ
ɴɴץŷȣһãȻ
ٶȡǧĴѰص㣬ҲΪ˴롣
ɴɴӦһͷԽĹ˲١
»ỹô侲Լŵöˡ
ǱߡǧľڵСﲻħ޾ۼ㰲ȫ
ɴɴ˲ж຦£ĽŲ
ڵִСʱ˻Ъһϡ
Ҫҡ
ɱĺڰħʦᣬȻֽħ޿סˡҪҧҵֱۡ
ҽǿܿ㱻ħ˺Ƥڸǡ
ɴɴŴǲԼг۾˼Ȧֻӡ
ǧľ
ɴɴĨһˮĨɾ󣬲Ź򶨵Ӧһ
ʱС⴫ϤϤ˶½Ųͬʱһž޴ħͷ­ʹ͸룬ͷ­Ƕһ˫ͭС۾˫۾תĿֱ꣬ǣ¶Ѫ̰
ǿʳ
ɴɴŴͣϲҰһƬ߽׵ɽɳǴ򲻹ģѾħ״̬
ǧװûеĶذתһȦɳﻹδӦʱֱӽذ״ɳ۾С
۾еĵطɳ㲻ʹ˻
𡭡
ħЩǲŵҶ
ǧͫһȵģ۾Ȼ뽫ͬй
ܵ𶯣ǧһѰγĶذףϵܡ
ɴɴȻ񣬿첽ϡ
СϴУħȺ׷ᣬɴɴԼָ⣬ͷô죬һֱ׷ǣ
ǧֱǰô죬ֻܣһͣͻᱻħȺס



88 ʮ׵ʨ

һס֪
ɴɴԣ̲ס˿ڿˮǧ˵ܲӳ죿
Ҳ֪ǧ³һΪ˱ǴڿʼҪ˵֪𣿡
ɴɴ˵ȴæסͣͷһ¡
СϱܣΧԵڻϧħǻ׷ᣬҵĽŲԹƵʮֻħ׷ǰɣࡣ
ɴɴŵôҴһԼ˫Ѿľ
۰ͣ
ǧƣͻȻ˫סɴɴȥǱߡ
ɴɴûӦԼһĵط
طһƬЩ죬ɴɴɴ۾Ȼܿ˼ۣһɽʱ˿
ǧһۣɽÿǶأͷħǵĽŲӦûɡ
ɴɴȴͻȻһ̱ڵأ㰲ȫˣôҵ̱ˡ
ǧɴɴһۣʲôҲû˵ǰҪŵԲ
ɴɴͫ׽඼ŵÿҪֹͣˣιҪʲô
ǧ΢ͣ٣ҪԿ˿ѾûнŲħѾɢȥֿ׼жˡ
ɴɴ򴽣ָһ𣬳ҾֵҪȥһֱħǷô죿ǲŸΣնѡ
ǧὫԲԲҪ̽̽
ѾԲɴɴŵúѣôѾԲˡˣ
ǧþ۾ӵתħȺѾɢȥûгۿüĵط
ɴɴ̧һϲɫǿԼ·𣿡
뿪ط
ǧڰ֣ڵһȱ𶯣бˡ
ɴɴ붯Ļŵԭû
ǧһ˲˲ԶֻһȻڳÿһᴫ𶯵žžֱ˵ͷ
ɴɴһ±ƣôֿʼˣղŲǺúõ𣿡
ǧǰĿʲôһˡ
󡭡һɴɴŵôҲվֻǧߣҰЩħѾˣֻһˡ
ԶĴһԽԽܿǧ㿴ӡ
׶Ѫ¶ϸһһֻŴʨ߸ߣɽһźڸܿܿϱˡ
ǧҧħ޾Ӵ󡭡
ɴɴһۣɫͻȻɷףʮסʮ׵ʨΪʲôȸɭָֻߵȼħޣ



89 ʮħ޴ͳ

ɴɴҧ㾲ֹҲ²ͣȫûκ
˻ħޣһףȥļͻúǳ˵Ժкܶܶ࿲ܽһһȥִܵ۷塣
ϧ½ʮ׵˻ħ޸˵ʮԺˣȸɭ־Ȼһֻʮ׵ʨۣҹĺܡ
ĻǧҲЩȡ
Ȼʮ׵ħޡ
ħײУôߵȼģӲӲ϶򲻹
ǧŲŲӣŵòҷκ
ɴɴ䶯Ŵ꣬ûˡ
ʮʨŴӶΪȫ¶Ⱦһһ棬ԶǧҲܸܵԭȶȡ
ʮ׵ģ浱
ǧ˿ʱ򡭡
ʮ׵ʨ˼Ȼͷ˹ǷʲôɫһĨĹ⣬ڴ˿̿ľս
ɴɴק°ڣˣǱʨ
ǧȭͷգȾһ㱡
ʨ˻һһԽʳĵͽħһڵأģϣӭӴһ
ʨֺһͽħǺʲôЭ飬ҳϵظԶȥʨ֮ԭĻӡ
ǰͷͬϴһʨǧ˿ֻټ飬ûзǡ
ɴɴͣɫΪ԰ףʮħͳ˧ȼ͵ģֻʨרټ飬һŽһǿͳ˧ǿ϶һ
ǧֱ࣬ȼҲɾѰˡ
ʱһ
ɴɴ̽˹ȥͫȻɴ󣬼ߵľٴȾ򣬡ǧкöֻʮʨˣҪȥʹ󲿶ӻˡ
⾿ôˣΪȸ½߻ôʮħޣ
Ǻڰħʦ
ǧƹȥͫ׽һ¡
ֵȼħ޻ԺǾһΪϤķȥˣǸǡȸ½ǣʹڵҲǼҪȥı
ǼһĿĵؾ
ΪΣ
ǧָ⣬ͷЩ궯Ψһıħǿн룬ȥǸҲûκΰȫԣأ
찡ǾȻȥɴɴ԰θ˵ҼҶȥıҲǹǸúȥδӰ
ǧҡҡͷݲɽڶһӰɣʦζӲ϶а취
Ǹɧˣȥǿ



90 һħ

һʦε֣ɴɴͷһģʦһ뵽취ħǸϳȸ½ģʦǴ½ûκѵ
ǧסЦ
û뵽ɴɴǷεСãΡ
ǧ˿ɫЩˣһ䣺𣿡
ɴɴӣͻȻЩίȻˣ϶ûԶ٣һֱʲôûԣֱɽʱԶ
ǧѯʣ𣿡
ɴɴ򴽽ǣ㣿
ǧͷΪ֪Ӷܼޣ׼һЩʳѾɱȴû⿺ãܻЩʣ𣿡
˵ţռȡ
ЩǿռģղӾɱ㣬û뵽ɱַǲ
ɴɴе㣬Һڶ㿴ȥͦʵģԵɣҺö
ǧǳЦɱȻʵġ
ȥɽûʲôݲݣ֦֮ġǧٽЩ㴦һ¡
ɴɴȹɽ
ǧô˻ᣬÿռ侮ˮϴɾ
ܿ죬ɴɴͱһѿ֦ˣɽ滹вٿ֦㹻õˡ
ǧֻЦľӺ󣬾ûϵħ֦ȼ
ɴɴòϸûзʱʲôһҲ֪ͷôˣôˣһ϶ἱġ
ǧרĿ㣬տڲ˵
ʱͷůбһѪϼȾա
Ѫɫ죬ӿ
ȸʹһϮҫ쳤ۣ쳯ʵ۵鷿ȥ
ʵ鷿з£ȴһѪ쾰Щľ
ͷĹ̫ͻȻߵţ£ʦˡ
ʵһеëʸ£ϲЩʦ
ֻá֨߹һαŶ룬ҫĳƮ裬һµıζڿɢǰ΢΢£ҸղŹֳȸɭֻ½д·
ʵһ㶣㽫ϵ̨򷭣ʦ˵ÿģ
֧ӣ޲ͷѪϼɫ죬͸żӿ֮ɫǺڰħʦڴ
ڰħʦ᣿
ʵԣŵشվ𣬡ˣǲѾźü𣿡
λδڣһӴҴҶ²ˣǧħ޳ȸɭ
ʵȻɴ۾ָħǺö˶˵ΪҪϮ޵
£ħѱڰħʦסѳ˿ܣͳǵĻǼֻʮ׵ʨ᧿Σ¾ϡ



91 ΪѪѪ

ʵ۽ŲģҲһĨȻǺڰħʦᣬǵʲô
üͷһ󵭲ֻΪѪѪ
ʵһ㶣͸һĨѪѪˣ
ζ˫䣬ǰЩҹ󣬷ѪѪѾϷλá
ʵйâʢ󣬡ŵѪѪߵ£ǲˣ
θӦˣѪѪʵѵãڰħʦᶼڴ
ʵ۽΢΢սٿȭͷһɣʦϷǧңҲʥŮѧԺմ˵ѪѪӦʥŮѧԺǧѩˣ
üĿһڵһɡ
ʵûĳɣϲ÷ǳȻǧѩѪѪ޶ҪסڰħʦС
γδ˵
ʵۿΣʦڰħʦٴ޸ܱһͣ
η䣬ҫ漴һ΢ɱػȸɭ֣ħ̤һҲһ԰ŶԿЩײħޡ
ʵһҪȥȸɭ֣ϵЦô䲻£ʦ޾ͽȸİΣˡ
ǳӦṼС
ʵ۽һɫУʦøӪĽʿҪЩħ޸ϳ˴
áνӹ뿪
Զɽеǧ֪ʵѾ÷ɱǰ֧Ԯ
㿾ãɴɴ
ɴɴһӹ̻ʵؿƶõƶ
ǧЦЦֹĿ˼ڣ㻹԰ɣû˺һǺô죿
⻰һ䣬ɴɴͿǵͨò
ǧʵһƫû°ɣ
ɴɴڰ֣ӽָսȡһˮӣû£Һȼˮͺˡ
ǧ𴽽ǣû뵽㻹ˮ
˼ˮɴɴú࣬ɫҲָ˳ɫ˱Ƚ׿ڿʣԳһֱˮҪҪȣ
ǧϵðҺһڡ
ɴɴˮӵݹǧӹװ˼ڣʵǽռ侮ˮȡˣˮֻһڻ
ɴɴ˵ˮӣЩɻղźôˮΪˮӵķ֡
ǧĿ̹Ȼû뵽еɻһ
ʱֻһ𶯵ǧһ㶣漴
ħޣҪսء



92 ˽׵ľԳ

ɴɴ֣㽫ʺС
һڽеµвԾȾһĨǧô°ǲħ޷ǵˣ
ԽԽĺؽŲǧһ⣬ƿͳǵġҪʱñս׼
ɴɴһŵؽеⶪȡȰڳһսơ
ǧȼĶذȡ
ʱһž޴ޱȵͷ­̽Уͭ˫ϴת·ǿһζһֻ޴ħͷŴǱԵɲǣһء
ɴɴŷȵһҲһ˽סǧǰ˽׵ħޣǸ򲻹ֻܰװ׸ʳԡ
Ȼа˽ס
ϵ¶ƺľ̴Ҫˡ
ħޣͬȼ࣬ǸҪײһЩ
뵽ľ̴ϵѹŪѹֵòܶҧҧüͷֻһӲ̣˽ħǿǳǲ˵ȼֵͣʲô⣬ֻҪͺá
ǧǸô죬Ҫˡɴɴŵֶ
Գһħ޲ԣ¶̰سȥ
ÿһֱͷǾ̲ǧԺ˼ɴɴķȵɴɴ뱻װ׳Եͼͷųϵħס
ɴɴȻ񣬡ҲһϽסġ
䣬ŷȣ
һ˲Ⱦɽʵıѩ˽ħ޶ԭء
ǧϣҵıϵħ֧Ų˶áɴɴЩѵؿڡ
׶ϰ˽ʵڹ֧ţֻҲ޷ħ
ǧذףŰ˽׾ԳļϣԳסֻһӽеذɢһɱԳܲΣգ͵ͺһͭڰ档
ҿ
һͽ۾Ϲ
ǧһɴؽذײ˫ڡ
۾ܵѪԳԺһٻָƽ
ǧЩؿһۣȴֱе۾ۿüٶϣϺ˫ָ࣬һ˺ۼҲ
ǧ˼üͷΪ۾˻ָܻ
Ī־Գ޸ܣĶĶ޸
⻹ô
ɴɴ·뵽ʲôҴҵǧ־ԳܶأܴĶǶָܻҲ㣬ǵĵط
·ɴɴĻԳϲŵıѩӦѣצֱӽɴɴķɡ

ɴɴ㲻ͬĲޣֱֱײɽϡ



93 취̴

̣ɴɴײðǣһ³Ѫ
ɴɴԼ³Ѫŵһ±ơ
Ѫˣ᲻
ѩѵʱǧ˿Ҳ˦ɽϡ
顱һС㱻ײϣڱײʱöذ΢ֵһ£ȻĻء
СվؿҲЩƵģ򴽣ͲסһѪ³ɲǣŨҵѪζɽڣ̼þԳꡣ
ζѪŮ۵ģҪǳԵ
Գٴ򴽽ǣˮδʱе̰ʢ
ǧؿڣʶһ
ԳӸµؿǣڿһǧЩˬ
ܿ죬ԳƿתɴɴȥһĨ죬·ǾûκвϿʼ֡
ǧǿͫ΢΢һ£ɴɴվֻԳҪ㡭
ɴɴײˣȫǧںʲô
ǧܵҧҧһĨŭ۵ȼգɱ֣ȴҲǽɱ֣ɴɴȸɭֵģҲȥ
ȭͷйâɣᶨơ
顱
ʱ򣬾ԳȻٱ֮ҳ˵˫ۣһƬ֮оԳسɴɴצ
Գ˫죬ǧԥɴɴķȥ
ھԳצµ˲䣬ǧק󣬽֮أǡ
ԳצӼٶֿ죬ǧĺ󱳱ץһѪۣɲǣѪһĨĨɫԵø欹
ۣ̫ˡ
ǧȻס˲λŤ
ֻԳ̫ˣÿ죬ƱϵƤᱻץˡ
ɴɴı黹Щ㶵ģˣɴɴѸٻ񣬴ſǻιҪҰԼˣѵ㲻Ҳʹ𣿡
ǧһۣȻʹҪ㱻Գץһԣ
ɴɴŵɪɪôʹҲŲҪץ
ǧͷҪҲұ֤һܲܽʱ̴֪𣿡
뵽ղŵľգǧʱȣֻ˾Գצ¡ɴɴȻͷſ񱼶ľԳٴ
ɽе¿½
ѩֱֱԳȥһѩԳɥʧж
ɴɴϲȻֳɹˣȻħʧĺܿ죬ܽԳסһ뵽취̴ǵġ
ǧڣ취̴ǡɴɴĴ



94 ϵĻǿ

ǧָͷǱһĨ͵ЦģṼ
ִذϣʱ򣬾ԳëȻ𣬾ǧһ㣬ֻҪһȥͻƤ֡
ǧȻɲͣԭسٳٲǰ
ɶֻԳȻܽëת̣ⶫҪԻὫķȫʱ򣬾ԳûɱͳһСʬˡ
ǧЩ취ҵıϵħ֧Ų˶õġɴɴһ
оϵħڿţٹħͻŸɾʱͨ˶ˡ
Գ·֪޼ƿʩ˸һƹĹ⣬Ц
ڇNɪڵ⣬ڵȴʳ뻳
ǧҧ촽ԲóѣҪȫص
߶ŻϵħɲǣǧСƯΧͬԡŮһ룬촵ذ׵۲Ʈ裬ӳڻʱͬıѩ
ǵͽ׼ܣԭ
ɴɴ˻ħܣһʱ䲻ɿˡ
죬Ȼѧϰ˵ͽ׻ϵħܡ
ʲôļΪϡУٶҲ򲻵ҲǴ壬ȴ򲻵һͽ׵ıϵ顣
СҪҪôѾõһͽ׼飬̫˺òã
ɴɴԼͦһȣԼǸʲô
ɴɴЩԱһ뵽ǻΣУҲиˡ
ǧСͶ
顣
ǵصСֱԳȥЩڵ棬̳һСĿӣɼˡ
Գʹصͺ𣬻ʱëƤƤⶼˡ
ңɫ۾ԵҲѪģҲһħӡ
ǧ۾΢΢ɴ󣬲ãֻԳȻҪħˡ
ħһħƽһҪھԳħǰɱȻɴɴΣյġ
ǧٴʹõͽ׼ܣԭ
һ˲ǧСۼɫɽĻ澫ȣɽҲӳһĨȶȡ
ǧʶ˿ԼָΪһΣڵħӿˣ׵ģмָ߽׵
ǴԼǿˣ
ʲôڰ
ǧҶ룬̽Ͷ
εĻ·ƿ֮ƣһֱֱԳȥ
ԳƿϮĻ򣬾Ŵͣ¶һĨɫǿǧħ̲ס
顱һԳǧһ˲Ϊ紵ɢ
ɴɴŴͣһ±ƣ׵Ļϵħ



95 ᶯĵ

׵Ļϵħܽһֻ˽׾Գ
㣬ճһѽ
ɴɴµ۾գоԼ۱ˢˣһˢµô̬
׶ϰ˽ףʤ˽ͷʣ¡ǣ̫ţˣȫ½˼ûһǧţơ
ɴɴŵϵĽֿ˿ǧգ۾һ仰˵
´˭˵Ƿɴɴһ
ǧԼƣҲڸղǷһС
ղŵĻϵħʵ̫ڰԵǿͲʵֻʲôأ
ȻڰҲ˵ղǹûκвǿռ
ǧ򴽣˼⡣
ռãҲһ±ƵؿŽ䴦ǿŵ
ǧǱ͵ĵ˿ɢһҫ⣬ȰԵֳĸо𳤶䣬һ䱸ؿǿŵ
ȴһѵĺۼûУϵĺʧǿŵҲͣͷ·ղŵһûзһ
ͣ۾˸ͣ໣̫ˣȻᶯܷ⣬̲ǡ
ǣСѾͷ̫ˣ̫޵
ǧ֪ռ﷢һУߵɴɴߣʵ㻹𣿡
ղһս˶ͷģɴɴԵøӴ˼֣ˤ۵ı໿̫ˣղűԳ˦ڼϵʱΪԼˡ
˵ţɴɴĨһʱһңԵøǱ
ǧҲòȥҸղҲԳ˦˼ϣζʵڲܡ
ɴɴӣһ̱ڵغǧ˵Ǹ߳طħһֻһֻǵħڲϺľȥҪǵвˡ
ǧ򴽲
ɴɴ޿䣬ңеζʳˡ
ԽԽⳳˣǧʵܲסһ˿̣Σͷ㻹ޣɤǵĴı䣬ʱ޻ౣ˵ÿȡ˵ͬ飿
ɴɴӣ۽ëϻһˮŷףֻйһ¶ѡ
ǣܽκ⡣ǧ߳ɽСԲֻͷɫ˼֣Ѫϼɫȴ£ɺ˷ǳ
ɴɴŬŬ죬Ųʵͷôˣħ޻᲻
ղһսѾǾƣߣֻħ޵ĻҪˡ
ʱƽǧûҩ𣿡



96 ׼ȥɭΧ

ɴɴһ̫࣬æǷŽȥˡ
ǧΪʲôô
ǧȡռĲĲǵͽ׵ͽų°ɡ
ɴɴִöɫĲٿ۾һϲɫȻǵͽ׵ģƷоʮϣ治ⵤҩĶģ
ǧӱӣɫҩƷģʱǵڴ۰ɣҾ˼ţû뵽ͦá
ɴɴֵذŲЦֹǺãƷʾʮϵĵҩǺãȻ˴ۡںʱҩƷۻˣ
ǧ̯̯֣̹Ȼڵô࣬Ҳȫ֪ɣ
ɴɴ°ͣһҲ԰
յɹǧĴ
ɴɴһڽҩ£ܿ;ӿڣǳĲãһ¾ˡ
ǧĺһھˮϵ˺۵Ҳ˲١
ɴɴһЦȴͻȻԭأһִֻǧЩʵǧûΧִһֹŹֵ
顱ɭΧʱһʵĹâ
ǣħĹâʱǵأɭΧ
ɴɴŲĹâζӣΪʲôй⣬ħĹâ𣿡
ǲӦǴǧԶüͷһŹҲȷħâҲ˵Ѿ֪¡
ɴɴͷһʱ֣֪˴¡ǲھͿ̳Χڷս˻ˣ
ǧ˵Ӧˡ
ɴɴ˷ܵվǻʲôǿЩȥ
ǧ˿žΧСĽħΧѲߣǶҪСġ
ɴɴһ㶣еϲòȥ٣Ȼʲôģ㵷ҡ
ǧҲĹ˲٣ã׼һϳ
ɴɴսָ⣬׼ˣϳɡ
ǧԲͷûʲô㳯ɴɴֵûʲô֪𣿡
ɴɴ߳벽뿪ߡ
Ѫϼ⣬ǧѰͨɭΧȥ·
ɭһŨѪζҲһӣЩħµģһԵ»һЩĲ֫ѪҲеòҲ̶ãǰĥ
ɴɴſˮʶק°ڡ
ǧקţһ˫۾ɭΧɨǳ
ûжħǶȥΧǧԾɲҴ⡣
ɭ߶˽Ų
ʱΧһǿҵħâɲǣضɽҡ



97 ڱϻ

ɭеľҡҷҪѵ֮С
ǧһѽɴɴԱߣʱҡҡλεľһƮʣΧķ۳ҲƮ˵۾
ɴɴľ٣ͫҲһ¡ղǧһߣֻѾ˰ɡ
ǧˣȻľ͡ɴɴ£קǧ°ôҲϷ֣壬ΪΣղŻúõģôҡ
ǧؿܣɭΧħԿʱʹΧضɽҡİɡ
ɴɴսָ⣬ૣ򶷵úҲ֪ܲ˳ϵɭΧ
Ÿ䣬ɴɴͿѪмСڵ㲻֣ȻСڵԽԽԽԽ
ɴɴɫһ䣬Ͱ͵ǧ㿴ΪλмСڵ㣬ǺԽԽˡ
ģ̌ȥͼмСڵ㸡㣬ϼҫ£һϸСӰͶڵϣڷҡҷͣ
ǧͣٿɫЩѿɴɴȵЩڵӦǱħħޣǿЩ
ɴɴӵɴǸڵ㾹Ȼħޣ
ڵô࣬Ǿ˵ħҲô࡭
ɱù
δüϸ룬ֻصҳҲŷ
ǧŷĻҳ㿪ʼϵħҪǷ֮ǰǶԭء
ɴɴûж룬Ȼʱһɫħ֡
ɲǣѩǵأµĵ̱һѩǣħ޻ûô£ͱԭء
ǧɴɴ󣬵ڱϻߣƻһЩ
δɴɴڣǧټϺܻ˵ٶҲ쳣죬һ
ɴɴδô̼飬۾ֺ¡
ǧһЩҸоҪˤˡ
ǧûӿٶȣ̰ɣڵ·˳Ӧֶ룬õʱħô죿
ɴɴŬŬ꣬㾪յ顣
ҪܵɭΧʱǧȻ½ŲѰ˸ط
ɴɴСĸζ˺һƽΪҪͣɭΧͿִˣ
ꡣǧ˸ƣȥɭΧʲôΪܺͻΧ
ɴɴһۣͷƤ飬촽ǧֻħȫΧɭΧˣһƼںս



98 һħʢ

ԡ
ǧħ޾ۺɭΧֻʮ׵ʨվڲԶͳǣǾͬʿһ׺ݲѪԽսԽ¡
һɫװֳַȣдʣɲǣһħǽڣħĴ߶ɫħںһ޴ͬһħڿըʱƯúһʢ硣
һڸħʢ磬ǿҹ
һЩȼ͵ħޱŵýڽڰˣЩҲûħʢУȫ𣬳Ϊһûý
ȼߵħ޲ܵ˿Ӱ죬׶쳣
ȻһЩӢôħޣҲЩƣˣοһԵʮʨûжһӽᱻȫ
ǰʢ棬ɴɴüҧһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ǧգۣ侲ţɭΧĳѾħǵסȥ͵ðħȫ𡣡
ɴɴͫһͺȵôܡôȫǸ߽׵ģһȥͻᱻ˺ѡ
ǧڵ˫ȾһĨѪϼɫԹ죬ԣͣҪƶӼƻġ
ɴɴ㱻ȥʲôƻأ
ǧɭΧںħȺսٴʹħʱиطпյʱҪϵħһὫͳȥ
ɴɴ䶯ŴǣҪôͳȥ
ǧñѩڻ
ɴɴɵˣ㽫ͳˣԼô죿
ǧЦøĪ⣬а취
ɴɴҧһʱ治֪˵ʲôˣôİô˽Լô
ǧǧ£֪𣿡ɴɴս֣һô࣬ҷͦõġ
ǧļӦһŶҷҲͦõġ
ɴɴöţôһҲţ
ǧʼһ򶨣ʲôáһҪˣ׼ʱٶȱϡ
ɴɴӦһ˵ʲô
ɭΧٴηħգһ˲ħǽڽڰˣڴһ϶
ǧ۾էֳ貲ѣڣ߶ϵħ
ѩ£Χڴһ̺ӡ
ǧڴ߶ϵħͬʱٴοڵɴɴȸܹȥʱܷĸо
Σʱ̣ɴɴԥͷܣǧҲҪŻǱߵ
ߡǧ֣ɲǣǵصĻ泯̺Ϯȥ



99 ¥ϵһĨҫ

ϱѩԶ
̺ʼڻȷǳڻɲˮκͻ潻֯һ˲ںϳǿޱȵ
ɴɴֻܣԶһֻħſѪڵȴţŵúһϣһ뵽ǧĵӣ۾Ųͣ
ۿҪħҧסˣʱ򡭡
ǿϯɴɴ˾ͱ˰УЩǰڷһٶ֮Щħ޸֪֡
ɴɴŵĸβӦʱѾ뿪ɭ֣䵽ӵĽűߣͣҲһ±ơ
ô°
ö˶˵ô͵ôȣ
оȻһˣǹ˰
ɴɴСվ˻µģղŵǿĶأ
һžװߵɴɴԣʵǺˣΪδȸɭж
ǰӼͭһ̵̣˾ں̶һ࣬žľͷҲΪˡ
ɴɴŵĸβҵĵŮɴɴȥȸɭΪǺòײӳġ
ڱеĿŶȣɭħ޾ۼл˿ӳ
ǧҡɴɴһ뵽˶ҿװӦڴ󽫾ɣЩȥɭ֣ҽǧȳ
۾ɭҲһܽ˾ȳֵֻܰװ㣿
ΪɴɴöţЩ˽ҵѾȳǲΪΪĽʿ𣿡
ɭȥδκӰɴɴҲǧˣɭھһˣ˵ӦþǧˣǸþһˣ
ɴɴüۣ㣬Ѫ
䡣
˺£һ翵ӳ¥ϴ¡
ͬʱ̧¥ϵһĨҫӳ
վڳ¥ϣĹ䱻紵죬վñֱǰ״ڸɫħâҫ£ԵøΪұ¡
ֻһۣ
ɴɴһ˲Ĵ㶣ʦ̫Ưˣ
ϧֻܿ棬ɴɴܿ񣬡ʦҵɴɴҸոմɭӳҵǧɭء
βڹڵָһ
˵ǧ
δκ˵ǧСǧ
ɴɴͷǴŮΪȽҾȳ˿̻ɭУʦܲ˽ȳ
һ㣬ӳ¥Ȼ£ɭУ



100 

ɴɴףֻޱȣƲͷٿǰ˿̻ɭҲ֪ôˡ
δ֪Щʲô
ɴɴ߶ĸζˡ
һȰʦԴΪأѾǧ˵еˡ
ɴɴָıӣҧгݣ󽫾㻹Ѫһȥȴ޶ã㻹еʸ𣿡
üڵ
ɴɴΣöˣǴʦأ
λδü˵һСҴ˹
СȾѪֶѾħҧˣʹһһѵʦ󽫾ˣħǹڣͿҪǵķ߽ˡ
ԣͷһ
ɴɴŴͣһʱҲ
ħǿҪˣ
ǧôˣ᲻ᱻħ޸
ɴɴһͷֱŵġ
η䣬
˵ţӵķȥ׼ս
ɴɴıӰʵǧô죿
βҲڡ
һۣɫԸѸ󣬿Ҳ׼Щħ޲С
˵ţҲת뿪
ɴɴԭأҪըˣôһôѪ
ǰħȫħˣ᧿ΣǧҲ䲻
ɴɴͳɭԺǧǶδ
˿ɭΧ򶷵úǼңǧҲóȻж
ǲвɵֿвԺԥռ䣬±̽ѰܣҲΪҪȽɴɴͳɭֵԭ
ֻɴɴߣܹ޹˼ɵĴչ֡
ǧ̽ͷٴһͷ
ħ޺бߵļЩʿҪزסˡ
ʱ򡭡
Ѫϼɫ£һҫۺɫ¶ڿС
ǧһ㶣ĿϣɲǼ䣬ſ׵ӳͬʱһÿգ˳ëȾϼɫУ˫޲úûκνࡣ
Ĳգǧɱ졣
ûи鲨ɧС
ǧҪջĿ⣬ͼȻ̧֣һɫħͣ
ɫħ󡭡ϵħ
ǧǸħֻǹϵħǿԵȻúԶ·ܴ͸˵ģ˲սͣ
ðԵĺðԵҲ֪ϵħжٵȼЩ͸
֮ʣɫ׵
һ˲ͽʮֻħ޵ɽ̿
ǧգգ۾۲΢΢ζķΡ



101 

벻εϵħֻ΢һ£ܽʮֻ߽ħ޵ɽ̿˸ߵЧֻʮϰɡ
ǧָ⣬Ŀһֱڷϣֻ˿̹âɣҫ۵Ʋ
Ǵʦΰ⻹ʵ
գǧһвⷺþòɢ
Ŀ̫ȣξԲͷüɭǱѡ
ǧͷæؽĿջأղŷӦûɣ
ʹüָۣһ𡣿϶ģôεĵطôῴõ
뵽˴ǧĽƽٴνͷ̽ͼ䣬ɱܿħǵϮһԽ϶뵽ȸɭ֡
һԵĽʿɭ֣׷׺Щ챻ȫ˻ȥ
Ȼɭ֣䲻Ʈ裬޵ͷ
ǧһһɵɴ۾
ɭˣȻɭˡ
ΪʲôҪɭ֣Ϊϻħǻܣͷˣ
˭
ǧ˲һ£͵ҡҡͷôܣǸ佩ʬôأҲ˵ϾİѪ仹
ҲҪ˾ȣռ֣ܻ
ǧŲŽŲߣͻȻһħ޵ͷ­С
ͷ­޴󣬿ͷϵĻӦһһħޣ˿ֻ̣ħŹӣ¶̰
ǧ̾˿ֻħ޹ˡ
ÿħ޶¶ֱ飬ǧѾľˣһŲɫ˿˼
ħӵתţȴûвƣվԭĵطƽСһ㡣
ǧ򴽰꣬׵⽥ۼǱӵ˺ܲϲڶŪһֻ޹Сһ˲ˬ
ḧŪеĶذףҵĻʹеĶذס
ħԴһᣬȫ֪˵ʲô
ǧеذתһ䣬ɲǣϼӳԵüΪұһֱϡ
ħ޸ܵΣգܵصһ
ǧĿһݣָ΢ʱһȻڣ뽫͸߾һ

ڶգ֮ʣһɫֱֱڱħ޵ϡ
ɫͬһޣԵ˽뿴ǧͷ
űħڵȻ󣬱Ϊһѽ̿
ʦΪˣǧĿһԵķϡ
վڷУѪϼɫȾһȻͬһī㣬ߡ



102 صҵ

ϼɫеĺӣ绪
ǧһ˲ʧȻ񣬽ɫĳʵʦصҵ𣿡
ûлشٴظһ䣬ߡ
˵ţֱǽڷȴַ·˰ĵĸо
ǧ֣˼ת
ˣţǣŻקţ
ңȥ͸ָӦòɣ
ǧü٬˿ؽקǳЦȻʦ˵ҸˣҲʹСӡ
ס˲䣬ǧһָȷʵȴ̹Ǻƴδȹ
δĿСϿһۣʲôҲû˵
ǧ̫䣬ɿˣҲǶ죬Ϊδʦ䣿
ϵȶʧεüͷһ̫С˿ˣɱѩ
ǧ򴽣ૣֵʡ
佩ʬ
οһۣ򴽲
ǧҧҧǣҲ˵
뿪δɭΧȥЩħ֪ǿǳһԴ粽ǧΡ
ħǶֳζǧһۣЦʦղǼʵǿƣħǶмּɵˡ
Ŀбӣ嵭ü续˵ˣвɴ⡣
úǧƵӦһ
˾ʹ˳Ĭһ·޻
ͨɭΧ·Ӧụ́ܶȴԾɿͷܿ죬һƱƬ̣ŨΧ㱻ˡ
ǧԾȻ½ŲʦԾǵĽųӦѾߵɭΧʲôΪαŨŨ
ŨŨǰĵ·ڱΣƲС
ǧĻʳڣȴǵòκλӦ
òԾ̧ܿȥͼ߳ƯŵıӰ
ǧͫ׽ͷһôһӾûˣȥĶˣ
ʦĶǧתһȦƯǰһƬ㻹𣬷Σ
ɤӶ캰ˣԾκ
һ˾ƽ޹ʧˡ
𣿷Σǧ˼ȴԾɵòӦҧ꣬ܿȥ
أȥĶˣ
ǧתһȦʱǰһתعʱǰз羰˾޴仯
ǡǧ۾Ȼɴ۵͸һĨš
ô£
Ȼִķһ伫Ϊݻͳ׷иɫ㣬ҲһƿΪߵĺơ
ǧ𾪣ͻȻͳ׷űǲһ򿪡



103 ڷε

ǧȫ䱸ۣӣͼ
һĵŶ룬޽ЩһЩ׷ȴеľɡ
ǧϤٴεɴ
ӣδԽǰҪɱͳ⣬ͳƶһըС
ǧԽܹͣλͳǲǾ˵ֻҪͳɱܻصԭʱɱع
ǧɫһתʱ۵¶һĨ
ȻλͳţǾͱˡ
ǧϵĶذȡһȥ
ɳϣ·ûĴڣһƷ۵ٿ¶һĨЦ⡣
ǧЦֲãɱ˳
еĶذתһȦʱһƷĹâڵƻ֣ǧֳ̽Ŷذϡ
ʼ
ǧüһӽ£еĶذ׻һȣȻֱֱ´ȥ
ڵʯ֮䣬ǿһؿϡ
ǧĵһ±ƣؿڴʹ˲佫־أ˻Դܵķ羰ʱٴԭء
ô£
ղִͳ׷Ϊһֻص˱ɭУ
˰ɣ
ͼǧɻѵʱһȪڣ־壬ڿˣ
ԣǧԴȥ
һ˲һ˫ī˫ˣǧҧҧৡһ¾ͱˡ
ôͻȻڷˡңε½ҷǳ΢ϸһЩƳľǣǰ𪾫׳š
ֹˣεһͷ׳ɢڵϣ̬׵ȾһΣţƱ۸һ
⣬Ҳ̫Ǹ˰ɡ
Īǣɵģ
ǧͷƤһ飬һʱ侹ǴˣʦΪλ£
εĽëһͫüϽ˰βųڵΧıͬѰ֯һþղžͱþǣҲ֪ղſʲôֻ֪¶׺ݣҪء
˵ҸղһжǻþǧһΪܻصִȴ룬Щȫǻþ
εһ׷˿ǰ
ǧǰҸղŵȷ˺ö׺ݵĶʲôð£Ҳ⡣
еذɾٵø߸ߣһ㶣ذ
ղɱͳΪηε½󿪣
ѵʲô²ɣ
Сɳˮüȴ˰֣ȻʶԼˣΪλվ



104 ӡδʵ

ã
ۣ׵һĨ̽¶
̽Ŀ⣬ǧͷƤٴˣɫһȴֲʾʦ˵᲻𣿡
ζɫݣҲš
ɫبŲ䣬Ȼýĵ׷꣬ǧ򴽣ĿƯʱܿͿϵӡۺӡѽϣͻȻڰ𪼡ܾЩͻأ
ǧ³һѽ½˺ɲǣӡΪӳ
һüͷ΢壬
ǧһϴҧӡڣʦͤӦвҩҪӡҲǲܣʦٳٲ֣Ī᲻ã
䣬ӡϸŪȦȦ
ǧüһˮʪͬС¹û뵽㾹Ĵʦ
ȻһѽֿļϣȻ󣬻ս˵ıǼһ𣬡ŮҪ֣ϲ˺·𣿡
ʱȵϢϣһƺŵı㣬һ˲·ֱ˵꣬
ײ޲Уǧһ죬ֽϻһ˲ˡ
һѽƿ򶨵Ҳû˺·ϰߣֻϵӡδˣ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
εɿڼͷǰɼ˵
ǧƲͷ̲סֿһۡ
֣·ãһ˲ʧֱ˽ӡ
ǧ򴽣Щü
β֪С˼վǴ˿̻ڻþУȥɭΧͱ뽫þơ
ԣǧܣͼ·ڱΣŨңƻþ˵ɣȴ֪ôӺδ֡
ģ̌ĿŽٿ۵ʢǹ⣬ղұþǣɴʦȴʼ£Īǣʦһûκ
ζߣĬ
ǧֵڴߣһ˻ٶЩʦȻһˡ
ͻȻ۲һ£ƿҵƻþİ취ˣԶҡ
ǧٶŪһȴ˵ԥΧȥ
˿ƴϵħɫĵԵǿĵ
վڵ룬ɫķ˿裬һ˿һƽܲƣúˡ
ٿ۾ɫ֮οףָᵯԵĵһֱֱеĳһϮȥ
ǧָ⣬һ˲˲š
֮ĶһɲǼ䣬޷
ֻá顱һʲôˣһأΧȻ糱ˮһѸȥƬ̣ѪϼɫµɭٴӳС
ı仯ǧЩȵգգ۾
Ȼһӽþˡ
ˡ
ǧΣһǳǳƣʦ㾿ΰ쵽ģ
ߵǰǳǳҪƻþҪҵһ֧ŻþԴҸղҵˣҲˡ
ǧĦ촽еЦŨ˼֣ԭˣþʲôģԭҲŴѧʡ
δ߰ɡ
ǧٴοܣͷǲûɭΧһξ룬ǸղŷûдԼܿѣҲԶڻþС
뵽˴ǧͷٴһ
Ρ̲סε䣬ỽһ
ϸŴֱƽһȴ·˲١
δüۺһĨͣôˣ
ǧһòлղŶл㽫Ҵӻþнѣҿܵ˿̻ڻþУþ޷񡣡
ջĿ⣬ɤȻˮ޷Ϊʦȸ½Ӧõġ



105 ڹ

˵ǧˬر죬ҲԣΪΪĴʦȻϵȸ½
û˵·ĬĻ
ǧٴ޻ղڻþе컾ûзһ
ɶ½ŲŷεıӰ˼ת
𾴰Ĵʦûκ
˭λ׵ĴʦӵǾˡ
þòĽŲ̲סʵЩʲôΪβ
ǧ䣬ǰߣûЩʲô
ֿһۣŽĿջء
ǧԴӰ˵뷨ȫεˡ
˼ٿͣ
ǧɲֱֱײĺϣͦۡ
ŶͷʶһʵʦΪͣ½Ų
ǰ͵ͳղŵĻþӦʮʨ֯ģǴ˿̻ɭУʨٳ֣ҲӦ߾衣
ԣǧ֪ˣҾٳڻþС
ı֤ŲŲǰȥ
һ·ߵüΪƽȣһЩͽ׵СħѾʶ˷εǵգӣȴǲóȻǰսǵϡ
ǧƣͷֻּʮʨվԶСɽϣضǣղŻþƻѾɹǵע⡣
ǧֿǼۣһʱ侹еײŪЩͷƤ顣
ʮħ޵ŭ𣬹Ȼһ˿Գܵġ
ֽקߡ
漴ϵȸűϴݶǧȻգգ۾ΪҪߵ
λǿ󣬵Ҫȥʮʨ۾ڵȼͣǱѹֻ塣
ǧ΢΢һ
ǡڹ
͵ӦһŶл桭
ԣνɿָ˺Զ
ϵ¶ʧǧӵۡ
վСɽϵļֻʮʨǿҪ߳ɭ֣еĲѪŭɫΪŨأһޱߵĴʦ
λʦǵĳУвǵĴڣ˳߳ɭ֣
ʮʨͺצӣɭΧʮֻ߽ħķɵߡ
ǧֻʮСڵڿ˸ʱʮֻħѾɹ䣬ʨǵѹֻ¶
·˶½Ų
ǧüͷǳǼֻʨȻϷŹǣþŸճƣø߽ħǵ·



106 ׵ǧǹ

ʱɭΧѾߣϧħԶġ
βż翵𣿡
£
ǧ֪Ϊʣҡҡͷᶨ£ҾͲȸɭˣʦǺ⣬Ҳս𣿡
εĹڷ죬һʨܻὫħ޶ҿܻ˲㣬Լ𣿡
ǧȭͷеĹâÿҪҿԱԼ
ϵħͶⳡսС
ɫĵ۳һޣ·֮ƣǰĸ߽ħ޵һѽ̿
żһֻħޣǧὫϵĶذװγϡ
ͬԱһ㣬еĶذֻһڻٴ߶ŻϵħҵĻƿնȥֱӽֻħ޴ˡ
ǧۣеذ׻һ⣬ؽذ״ħ޵УħһȻء
ذװγһΰڳսơ
ʶһۣȴϹâɣȻĿջأ۵һǳǳڻζ
ηСѾͷƳɳ˲٣ַǰϸ˼֣øӷâޡ
üۣԵĵ֡
ǧŶذףĻϵħҲɱ˲ħޡ
˵һһħ޵Ĺǧ֧ŲסЩˣһڿռ侮ˮȴһѿס
ôˣǧëȶЩԡ
οǰǰӡѪϼɫԵұߣҴ߳ɭ֡
ǰһ϶ѿ׼϶
ǧ˶ЩӦĻԺͲˡ
Ȼ޲һ˰ĵħǺʦйذɣǿܰġ
ǧȻһڿռ侮ˮûкȣ˿ûʱضᱬ
ãҸߡ
δһۣвٴ
ջĿ⣬׵Ĳʧ٣ƴδֹһ
бܣһһϵɫ֯һӳѪϼɫʱֱС
ģ̌ӳĮüۣһϼɫȾ۵ף˲ںƻǧǹ⣬ʱƲ۾
佩ʬ۾Ưǲ˼顭
ʲôεʵ
ǧǳǳʵش𣬡ڿ۾ʢǹ⣬رƯ
ָһʹüۣ˳Ľëеڸǣ׵ǧǹȻɢ
ǧЩϧ̾ϧˡ



107 ȫİ

γĬ
˼ٱܣǰĿ϶󷽵ħ޲׷ϣǼֻʮʨҲڴצӷ·˺ѳա
һΣǧһʩͰɭ⣬ߡ
ǧδӦ˾ɭȥзţ˺һŽͷ̧
УһĨҫɫǰϻţηվɭУüĿ֮䵭Ȼˮһһ
Ҳ˵ԼߣȴΣգ
ǧ򴽣ζӡ
Ÿոոжһ˾Ϳ½濴һۣɫͻ䡣
ã
ĵطпʯͷײ棬㲻Ҳɲзϡ
еĸжѸʧǧؽȼĶذװγһ˸ͣ
ڼʱǧذ׻£˲䣬ذ棬˵ĸ壬ڵϻһȦӲʯʱһĦĻ֣ǵĻԵüΪ졣
һʱ䣬ǧͣڰѶذΪһ֧ţȫûˣֻ˫Щˡ
ذװγʶ˫֡
ǺˣΪִɭǱ߹γĳһ˲ͼϡ
ǧ˼Ծɵ˫֣еĽʿǧҵǧղǴʦҾȳġ
ʦΣ
ֲղִȥɭУĪǣȥ˵
ȸ½ĴʦȻĵ˾
ɫ䣬δջأʦںδ
ģ̌Զַѱǧħûһʱ俴ӰƺߵʦȽˣ˿̻ɭС
۾һɣеĳ㽫ĲӻƣʲôʦɭУ
ǧ治ɫǣ֪ɷ񽫳ջȥ
ûκξٶһԵɴɴȥֱӽеĳȥóһ޹֮ˣǲðɣ
õͷţǧĿ
ǸĮĺ潫ˣֲһó
ѳҡɴɴ֡
ɴɴûһ˫۾ֱֱǧϴţûʲôˣĶҺû£ȻһӶﲻģǧôɭгģ
뵽һĨҫ죬ǧǴʦȵң˿̻ɭкħභҲ֪ˡ
ɴɴһ㶣ʦɭУ
ǧ
һѽӥǧһۣʦΪ˾ŽɭֵģǴʦ£ȫİնԭ㡣



108 

ǧüһ˪
ɴɴӻ𱬣ע⣬һѴؿϣô˵İǧʲô¶ҴʦȺССħĶ֣˵ɴʦ𣿡
üɫڡ
ɴɴָıӣֺľͷû뵽˵Ļ㲻С뽫ͷ
ɫ˺͢Ƿ
ɴɴߣ㡣
ǧʼ磬ͷ΢΢̧𣬡λ˿ǴʦҪ˵ʱ㱾
һֳųת뿪
ɴɴıӰ̲סһ
øֵӣǧ˹ʧЦһλʶôͳˣ
ɴɴúߺ˭ʶľͷֻҪһ۱ͺˣ֪λľͷȻϳ㣬˵ʲôһ˺㣬Ǿ˺㣬˵һЩûʵĻ
ǧЦλ󽫾˼׵ġ
һܾ֮еǾ˿ԥ֮˵ľ
ǧʼ磬ӵķȥ
ŬԿħȺ
Ѿ齨һ֧ΪǿĶ飬ǰɭнξ¡
ǧһۣʲôҲû˵
ʱ򣬲֪λʿߺһƣɭоȻһɫâǲǴʦϵħ
ʦϵħ
ǧͷһȻĿͶ˹ȥֻһۣ˫
ɫƯӳУԶܸеâİԵ֮ϵħ£̽Χħȫճɽ̿
Χħ޵ļ٣Ĩҫɫٴӳ
Ʈ裬ұĹ仮һαħΧ룬ϴɣ·δЩħ޷
Ľʿ̲סߺǴʦǴʦôħΧŴʦܱ̬ʦǳ鶯¡
ãҲ˿ȥʦ
ʿ˸ơ
ʱ򡭡һϵ죬ϵŨħڷνŵ漴֮һɫ⽫֡
ɫٽѪϼɫڸǣҲӲ½Ų
ǧ𾪣̧ʱ㿴ɫоһ˸ͣһޣŷνµħ
žžĵһ˲
ǧͣٴ𾪲ѡ
˿̣ϵħΪԵǿֻ˺ѹ֣ǧ͵סؿڣɫЩס
ǧ쿴˷ܽѹȫɴɴק䣬ֱֺǣǴʦĸ߽ħܣ



109 䵹һƬħ


˰Եȷ֡
ǧؼǵֻǻڵѪڷڲͣؿڣٴθеؿڴϢС
ĵ
ǧָգ𺳵ò
ɴɴ˷ܣǧǵһμʦĸ߽ħǲǱˣ
ǧһ㶣ǳǳӦǰоҪֹˡ
ɴɴ𴽽ǣ˫Өѩ׵㽫𺳣ΧЩħ군ˡ
ǧʢһǳǳЦ⣬𣿡
ɴɴ˫ֲ¸߰Ȼģʦʧǧƣʦ׵Ҫˡ
ģ̌ȥֻ׵ͬһХ£ֱֱΧħϡ
ţֻһըڶǧɫ漴ըһɲǣѸӽɭվеħ˻Ȼ󣬽ճɽ̿׹
УһâϣϺðݺһĨ欣ԶԵɱ񣬾޲ֿȴ
ǧͣе𺳶ÿҪ
ȸ½ĴʦƲ۾
ԼƣΪԼͦɺͷһȣ͵˳
ǿҪǿ
ǧսȭͷɢǧâһ˲Ļꡣ
ɴɴб䣬øˣһ£ǧôˣ
ǧеĹâȥûʲôֻǼʦǳɿˡ
ǵȻȸ½ĴʦȻǳɴɴ̧°ͣɭȥͼǧħѱλܣֻ¼ֻʮʨ
ֻʨҲƵĺۼѲղŵ硣
η䣬һȥ
ʮʨһµĵ˼
ϵħһΣɫգֱӽֻʨɷ顣
ڰħʦƵħ˲ɾһսʤգʿǾ
ʤˣʤˡ
дʦڣڰħʦıֻᱻ÷顣
ʦ䣬ڰħʦȥɣ
ǿҵĻУθվɭУԶ˰·ԼС
ǧıӰüĿ£˳˼
ɭ޴ľ̸ڣһŰµվڴ֦ͷȲ䡣
һ΢紵ɫƮȻͬ
ӱӣ˫ͬɽϪˮˮϴһ°ɫߣ˿С
ʱһͬߵĺ֦ͷϥص᳤ǧħѾȫܡ



110 ֻԶ۵Ĵʦ

θɵģĦϵߣ廪ɤ漴
ӵνƾһ֮ͽ᳤Ƶħ޴ʵһԶԸĵˡ
ӷ˷䣬ٴδαһǿУһССȸ½ѱǹ¡
ӵͷͣûǷһֱڻǺ£᳤ĴͿɳɣҽܹӵѪѪˣ᳤ܿͼҵ
Цҵ֮Уյħ޹Ǳһ̽ǱʳǣǴʲôϢ
뵽ڻʹ̸æʵ㱨᳤µù治֪ѪѪϷʥŮǧѩϷʥŮѧԺУȸĻʵ۲²ѪѪεʱҲûзϡ
ͫһٴЦѪѪߵ£ȸĻʵ϶ǿ䱸ɣ
ۣڽʵ϶뵽ǹѻüá
ǧѩʲôʵ
ӻش𣬡ѧԺȥ
ӹˮǳǳţ֪ͨںѧԺˣйעǧѩһоٶбҪһжġ
ǡû˷Ը뿪
뿪ķ򣬰ӿԶºųưһĿҪ£Ҳ赲ҡ
·ӦεüͷȻ
ָգҫƮ裬ıӰ˳ȴ˹µû߽ĵס
ǧһֱıӰüͷ
ԭվһٿŲŲ
ɴɴЦӯӯʦΪˣֻԶ۲档
ǧգգ۾ղֶԷ˹ֵ飬Ǳ֪᲻ᱻŮ
뵽˴ȻһȷֻԶۡ
߳ɭ֣ǰվħ޴ѱԻȥˡ
һ񣬴žӢӽڡ
תֲĿͶǧϣþò
ôţǧЩڣ˳°ȣлʦȣղħȺлսûʲôɣ
νë嵭翣Һܺá
ǧӦһŶǾͺá
ʱʳִһӵѧԺϹһѧҴҶ
ϹԶǿЩʦͬħԡѪ⣬ǵÿȥæ
ҵĽŲǧȥͼϹһѧˡ
ǧ㿴ǺѧԺϹʦҲæ𣿡ɴɴָָһ䡣



111 Ҿðﵼʦͦ

ǧջĿ⣬ͷˣˣսѾƽϢ
ɴɴŽϹ˼֣ҾϹʦͦõģҾͰ£վʽˡ
ǧɴɴǱ߿ȥǾ͹ϲˡ
Ϲѧϰ˻ͦ࣬ǧþֶ˸ɴɴ
ɴɴ˳°ڣʵǧλʦѧϰ
ѧˣѧԺӦûõԴɣ
Ľ
ǧ⣬ǳڵڰʦѧϰ
ԣɴɴɫ˲Ϣ䣬𾪻з޷޲ƽѧԺȻڰѧϰ֪һǷϵľƹĽѧͽ¸ںķѹ
ǧתת
Ϊ˶˵Ĳǣ
ֻһۿ˫ϵħʦﾹңǲǷʲô
Ҿðʦͦõġǧɴɴᶨ̹ȻѧϰӦûѧණɡ
ɴɴһۣѾú˵ˡ
ǧεʼ磬һ˲ֶ˷εĿ⣬ôˣ
ƿ˰£
ǧǰѧԺҰŵġ
εڵܺãֻЩŹ֣ҪͦѣҪ׼
֪ǧףлʦѡ
ʱϹѾ˹ʦҸղ˵ħȺͼⲻʹѧǹ֧Ԯ
οϹһۣϹٵʦֻһЩħ޸ղѱնɱҲѾǰȥʹͱ´ϲѶˡ
Ϲ΢Ƭֿ̣˵ʦȻȸ½ػڣǰջǱ£ᰲĲ١
ζףĬ
Ϲܿ˿ǧʱ˫һ£ǧС㣬Ҳʦ赲ħȺģ
û뵽ϹԼ˵ǧһ㶣ſڵǣɭģʱħȺϮҺôʦҡ
ԭˡϹüЩֹһŵ˵㱻˰ﵼʦ£Ѿ겻ͽˡ
ǧգۣëȶ֪ﵼʦҲͬô˵
Ϲ򴽽ǣвʮͷţҲԸͰ°ɣһͬУȥ˵ġ
ǧ΢㶣λϹƺͰĹϵһ㡭
鷳ˡҡҡͷˣҾðﵼʦͦã˵ֻҪõˮ¹ΪͽҲ·



112 ҵˮ¹

Ϲԣ۲Ķ۵׳𾪻һĨȻҪ󣿡
ǧգգ۾Щ֣ǰô𣿡
𾪹Ϲ䴽ЦĵдһĨοֻ̫ˣǰҪµѧܾˣÿÿҹ֮У£Ҳ˵ͨ𣿡
ǧ۾˵ĻڰϹ淢ʲô
Ϲһѿסļ򣬼ͦãѧϰѧĶҪúð֪𣿡
ǧ򴽣ЩʲôȴǱ˻ȥ֪ˣлϹٵʦ㡣
ϹЦЦ޷ðҵĴˡ
ǧȻͰϵǳһᾡġ
ϹЦãķ·ܹ˵Ļ꣬һжˡ
ǧЦ
ϹתͷΣֵȻʦѾħȺߣҾȴѧ뿪ˡ
ε
ܿ죬Ϲһѧת뿪
һߣֱܱļž֡
ҲҪͤˡη䣬һ˲ûӰ
ɴɴ˳ӣʵǧڴȥʲô
ǧ˿ɫֵ̯ɫôȻǵûؼ˯ʽȥѧԺѧϰ
ɴɴȷ磬Ҳԣ췢ô飬ǸûȥúϢһ£˳ѹѹ
ǧļ򣬵ȥɡ
˸Իؼңֵ
գǧȥһӶᣬʮϽõһˮ¹ǡ
ɣĳһۣһ꣬˵ħȺȸɭεͼ㾹Ȼƽ»
ǧˮ¹սռ䣬ʦϵʩԮֽҾµġ
ʦػ񡣡ɣЦЦܳŵʦǰȣıҲС
ǧֻЦ
ɣָָǽϵίֽǽֶ˺ЩҪҪһܷģ
ǧڰ֣ҵȥѧԺѧϰҪ
ɣܵɫ߰ɣҼǵúѧԺڿˣǧٵ
ǧҾл´
뿪ӶᣬǧѧԺ
ѧԺУѧǽԴɫĳ嵭ɫѧԺеһ羰ߡ
ǧڶʯСϳľȥ
ľ⣬ɿϺȾƣǸǷϵģ޲ļ¡
ǧȹ߽
̧̧Ƥӣʵҵˮ¹ˣ



113 ûԴӴ

ǧռеˮ¹ȡǳǵİǰҲҵˮ¹ǡ
˵ţˮ¹ǵݵС
ˮ¹˼ۺЩ𾪣ȴֺܿ쵭ȥˮ¹ֻ½УҪȥü£ȴһʱ䣬Ҳ˵㲢δȥ½ˣˮ¹ǴӺδ
ǧֵڴ䣬ǰĪˣȸ½Ӷط
һãʣȥӶˣ
ǧǰҪȥɱֻȡʮܶһһˮ¹ǣɻҲٹ򡣡
ƺ«£ɫ˼֣㻹ˣ
ǧǰһĨǰҴ˿̻޷ȥ½Ψȥܵõˮ¹ǡ
۲ζ
ΨȸɭֲкǳûɭеĺǴ඼Ҫף˫ϵħʦȼҲͦ͵ģȻܻŻʵ˾ȡ
׺һЦ⣬ŵľѲڣСѾͷЩ¡
ǧۣ˫ǣûЩ£ҰΪʦ
Ӧ˶۰ɣվӸµͲڣ
ǧĿ⣬־ᶨڣΨ㿴ҵܣʵ
Цļ򣬸죬СѾͷӺܷҵĿζȻҾΪͽ
ǧͷһϲҲлﵼʦȫ
ƺ«ÿˮҲ̫磬ǸˣҶȻòԴ
ǧһ٣ưܵСľݾ֪ֻʣ¾ˡ
ɣܵõʦԺеĸ֪ʶ鰡üɷ
ָٴδЦСѾͷ氮͸Ĩ˷һԴǲܷɵϣȥ
ǧ棬
ںδķǿʳѧԺԴ׸֮ˣֻӢǣӢҲǿ
ǧսָ⣬ӿһѪ
ÿ£ѧԺԴսҪԴֻսʤǰ㽫޷κԴ
ǧۣѧԺȻпᡣ
ǵòԴͻͣͲǰõԴˣǻͻͽ
ԡһתֿϣս֮ǰҪŬԼίѡ񡣡



114 ʦķʽ̵

ǧһҲɫˡ
һھˮҲ˼⣬СѾͷӶ׬õĽңǵøʦƺȣʦһ첻ȾƾƵûš
ǧûж룬˵ͷ
ʢâļôСѾͷͿȥӶɡ
ǧգգ۾ԽԽòԾ
Ƿʽ̵
Ҫľˮ⣿
ǧһʵﵼʦǽҷˣûһ㶫Ҫ̵𣿡
ϣžƺ«ƸŨЩĽ̵ҲûʵսúãʵսˣѧԺЩŵҹǧ𣿡
ǧ򴽣ﵼʦ仰ȷʵûжҪ̵𣿡
°ͣͻȻӻͳһŰƵֽҲûУһ䷽ҩ裬ǿ壬һֱݵĻħʦǿ׳ʹ򡣡
ǧתתӣ⻰ôЩϤ
䷽裿
ϴҲһ䷽ģӵȷһħʦǿ׳˲٣Ҳ˿ҩԣҩԡ˵ҲûЧˡ
ﵼʦҿŷ𣿡ǧϸƬ̣ǿڵ
ŰƵֽݸǧӹһɫͻȻһ䡣
ֽдŵҩĻϺøĲֶ࣬˼ŸΪḻһЩ
ǧЩƣѰ˼ҪҪø䷽óơ
ԭأɿʵôˣ䷽⣿
ǧҡҡͷ䷽û⣬ֻҲһ䷽ͰﵼʦüΪƣܲܰұĸǺõģ
һ£ֵ㾹ȻҲ䷽Щóơ
ǧø䷽ݸﵼʦ뿴
չһۣ۲һΣ䷽ǰʧģȻһСѾͷ֡
СѾͷǺˣһδθôྪϲ
ǰ䷽©ġ
еȥָֻһǰܵӵ䷽ǰ䷽Ѿʧˣ䷽©ҵ䷽ͽЩ©룬ԣЧӺá
ǧ۲һĨϲģ
ȻһΪҪƭ㣬ң䷽ҲһЩʱ˰ɣǲǸоЧûǰˣ
ǧʵͷȷˡ
ͷ˿ھƣ˲Ѭǧһ䷽ֲ©㳤вЧ



115 Ȼ

ǧЩйâէ֣ԵøΪϲлﵼʦ䷽ҶṼʦÿնݵġ
ٴο¶һĨЦ⣬ҾϲʹӣѧһŤŤģҶʦš
ǧ䷽սռ䣬˱ԣﵼʦϿɻʲôоһҰɡ
Ŀ⣬߳һСѾͷ̰ҶֵǮһˣ㾹㣬Ѳɣ뽫ϹͷҲȥ
ǧʧЦһǰɣﵼʦ
ȣƺ«ʼղҸղҲ˵ˣö죬ҪʲôֵǮûУǺҲûãҵĶҵˡ
ǧ̾˿ε˵Ҳڣ㲻ڣﵼʦȥίˣʱһЩþ
Ҫߣصһ䣬סһҪ׬Ľ򣬲ȻһὫľˮȥ
áǧӦ뿪
СľݣǧֱӸȥӶᡣ
ǰ̨ɣһˣЦӭǧС㣬ȡˮ¹ǣû뵽кˡ
ǧѡҶA񣬡ҵĵʦΪʵսҪǲˡ
񣬻׬ĽҰƺȣ
ɣܰǼһ£ЦǧСĵʦоһˡ
ǧǳǳһЦ磬ȷһˡ
һ£ȥˡ
ܼ򵥣ɱֻͽ׵ħޡͽħ޵ͷ­װУǧͻӶϽ
һһңҲ٣Ӧüξˮɡ
ǧŴ˾ˮڶգžƺ«ƳСľݵķȥ
Ÿ˼һӰڳֱӽײڵء
ǧûӦ첲ڵϣϸϸʹӿüͷš
˭Ȼðʧ
ھˮû£Ȼֵóȥˮˡ
û°ɣһϣ͵þһ磬ë׶滺˿
ģ̌ɲǣײһ˫ͬǺӵС
ǰһϯ£ī毺öºͣڷҡҷİƽ֮ʱҪ׽ħ
Ǻӣʯ貣ϸ¡
ӣů
佩ʬ볾ˣů񣬶顣ŴȻʢеĵط㶼ʲһС
ǧشӵ𣬰ڰֵû£Ϊż𣿡



116 ů

˾īɫϵķ˿ڿǧʱЦͬкԵǳ
ҼҵʦΪҲһ񣬿ͻȻһְ취øãʶײڵʵڱǸ
˵һʦĺúѧˣ
ǧ·ϵĻҳĸɾ޷ʦõȷҪҾˤһҲû¶
˾ë˳ʱһӰ£Цǽսɣ
ǧǵģǰЩӸġ
˾ҵͷڶ廪ɤ֮˾ĿǰϹʦ£أ
˾ϸϸشǧ
һƯĹС͸˫ͬ£âʱɢǻԣĻ
˫۾Ư
ڴԼǧɫصһɫҽǧĿǰڰʦ¡

˾µع𴽽ǣ˵ʦӲͽѾ𣿡
ǧվһ࣬ƮҡذͬʦȻͽѾͨĿ飬ʽ¡
¶ǳǳЦ⣬˾һ¡
֪ǧģϲ޷ȴųվõѧʸ
Ȥ
Ǳ㹧ϲˡ˾䣬ʢԵ˫ѧʥŮǧѩҴ㣿
ģ̲̌סֿۣһұ˴Ȥ
ҼҴ㡣ǧգգ۾˳ë˾ǰǲǶҼҴȤ
˾΢㶣ʧЦֻһѣҴʥŮѧԺ˶Ȥɡ
ǧӹµµһת
ʥŮŸոսѧԺۣοǧѩһʢˣ׷Ȼĵɡ
ȻǧҵҫǧƲͷϲŭ
˾ϴ˼
ǧٺţҾ˾ǰҼҵʦڵˣǾʹ˱
䣬ǧžƺ«ת뿪
˾뿪ıӰ˫ͬǺ
ǧһ·Сľ⣬̧ȥͷְ˫ȣɹ̫
˽Ų̧̧ƤӣʵǴˮˣ
ˡǧƺ«ݸ
һŵˮζһͦ˾Ѫһҧƻغ˼ھˮ󣬲ŵϺõĻƣСѾͷͽܹȻûմ



117 ѧԺĵһ

ǧԣЦЩǿϲͺá
ǵľղȾ˼⣬ڰЩֻưɣ㵼ʦûʲôңȵöЩֲڵľˮɰұﻵˡ
ǧͻȻװ仯ڵؤװ֪ĶһϮɫۣͷһ֧ľϵ۹ȫϴӢ˲١
û뵽ƽôһȴһˡ
ȾƺȵûͦģһӴ̽Ŀ⣬ЩڣСѾͷ㶢ʲôĪǲʦƺˣ
ǧڰ֣ƽȹڳϣûֻЩѡﵼʦƽմ⣬ΪνҪصشһ£
С֡һۣƽնһˣֶһ㣬ǲúô磬㻹Цң
ǧֵڴ䣬ЦЦĸң
Ŀƺܿ͸һУҴһμʱ㶼˼ˣ˵û
ǧһ㶣ʶӡ
ҵʦĿ⻹Ǽ񡭡
һȾơ
ǧ˷䣬뵽ղλӣƲͷ̲סʵﵼʦ֪ѧԺһλ˾ѧ
˾
ϸϸһǿڵ˾СӰѧڰϹ£ѧԺеĵһţǰ;ޡ
˵Ϲʱɫ΢΢Ϊʲô˼ھˮ
ǧеı仯ȴɫʵĪǣ˾Ҳ˫ϵħţ
ͣأ԰θߣΪ˫ϵħʦǴײˣֶǣ
ǧƣǣ
ؿڣٿ֣ǰ˽׻ϵħʦңĻϵħ˵ĲͬĸΪǿѸٶҪ켸
ٶȶ˿켸
ֲᣬϵħа˽ף
ǧЩȣһеľȱȻʧҲ˵ĻϵħǧѩıϵħһģıǧѩĸãȻܼӿٶʡ²յ˰ɣ
һЦȷʵˣȻŶʮιʻۺĵȼ
ȻŶʮꡭǧ΢΢
ֵ˫ϵħʦٶȻһЩܹѹأܽ˾ȥ
ǧ򴽲пҿռ䣬ٶȸǱ˿ࡣ
վַģŮΪõδȥӶ񣬱ºԴս



118 Ƭҩ

ǧɫһ壬εصͷ֪ˣﵼʦǲǾĻƣ
һ죬ŭ⣬Ϲ˵ʲôأΪá
ǧЦǳǳһðɣǾ͵Ϲ˵
º˼ھƣվԭɰֽǲߣЩȥӶɣԵĵʦٶЩԴٲжֻܵס
ǧ̾Ϣת뿪
СľݣǧѧѧڣɵʦǸ֪ʶһȣǾǿڵĻֻ֣ȴûоַ˪
ô˵أϲķʽ̵ȻЩΣ򵥴ֱķʽ
뿪ѧԺǧȥӶ˲ί
ɱħ޵ĹУ˲پ飬ħ޵ϰҲ˲٣о鼮Щ֪ʶնˡ
ǧ䣬ȸɭȥ˿̣ҪɱħϢڵǾ޹꣬ĹǸ£ܶһٽҡ
Ǿ޹ĵȼߣֻĽ׶ѣĹмõķ
վһ࣬ǧϵذڷƮ裬ͬΨƣĿ䣬ǰ
ͻȻ
๾ࡱϷһݡ
ǧͫһٿǾ޹ͲסįҪˡ
顱һһֻ޴ڹðͨɫӲ׺һЩƣżΪ죬գŴͭǧķȥ
ǧĿ⣬ɫݡ
Ǿ޹˻һýĴˮǧǱ߶ȥ
ˮɢһɶǧԱһߣѴ߶ϵħɲǣǧСƯ
ǣͽ׻ϵܣԭ
ǧգһƻ֮۵ӣ˫һᣬʱǧСȫǾ޹ȥ
顱
Сƿնȥżɱ
Ǿ޹걻ҵ÷Һʵھܲסʹ࣬סĴˮˮ裬Щ˵۾
Ǿ޹˻󣬾һŽǧ߷˳ȥ
ǧ߷ɵ棬ۿҪҵϵĶذף͵ɣͣ
Ǵˣû뵽Ǿ޹꾹ô
ǧϵĻҳĵһתͷ㿴Ǿ޹ڻ⽥ûһ˲Ȼء
ˡǧذ۷衣
ȥϵĹǸ£ͱһקס°ڡ
ǧһû˰
תתʶ濴ֻӾ֪ʱִӿռˣק°ڲš
ôˣ
צָָԶϲöҩӴСѾͷզôã



119 ·ֵ·

ǧ˳ָķȥȻٵͽҩڷҡҷͣ
һЩҩݣƵǧЩۻҡ
ñQҩݴŤСƨɣģżΪ죬СѾͷЩЩҩժߣҹζࡣ
ǧǾ޹ϵĹǸ£תߵҩݴУطһδ̤û뵽ﾹôҩݣǾ޹ĸ
Ťͷðɫ˫Ǿ޹֪ԼǰΪѰһЩöҧ㡣
ǧЦЦ䷽óҩݣǲǶУ
һۣ߳һСѾͷ벻Ͷװױ㣬䷽ϵҩݻ϶УȱһĲСѾͷ㻹ûȥ򡣡
ðɡ
Ҫ׬Ǯ䷽ҩݣøƺȡ
һݽҪˣ
ǧؿʼժȡҩݣŵģƻĸһýڿռյ
ļϣʵСѾͷҪǾƹ䷽øĲ𣿡
Ҳܺáǧһöҩݶռ䣬깤ֵþȻûãﵼʦ䷽ֲ©ÿԡ
òĵض˶צӡ
ǰ䷽©ඣ
ǧ˵ķ۱ӣǳЦôʲôʵ㲻Ҳմ𣿡
Ҳ԰۾ȴͻȻã
ǧûë˼ѡ
ˣƨɶ
ǧصӶᣬϽֵõ˲ٽҡ
ת뿪һλ֮͵ǰ
Դһ˫аС۲ǧϴţһҪ·ȫⲻǧСôһλС㻹Ҫίά
ǧۣ˸
°ܽѣôţ
ǧüЦⲻҵĵճӣҵ°ܽôҲ㷹ˣҲÿίάƣ
Դ˫ͨ죬뽫˺ãʲô°ܽүǴֻǶ˶ѣȻܴң
𣿡ǧת飬ʵãֻˣӡ
Դ˫չĹҵģֻܣǧ˵ʵãôһƹ£ǹģ˵ҵľ̴ʦ¡
ǧһۣ˰ɣľ̴ʦǶżߣڰﵼʦͺˡ



120 ·ľ

֪֮ͦġԴһɫ˲١
ûļ룬ǧü˽֪ľ̴ʦǸС۶ˣȺ֣ڽסǲҲ˵ͬľ̴ʦһ
Դԣ˫ǳɫ
ǾȻС۶ˣԲˡ
ǾҹңԴָıӣĭӺɣҿҵĵճӣֵŮ
ǧüЦһ˲һĨɱˣֵŮҲܽ߷ɣҲܽڽŵ¡
䣬ǧ۾һէֵ֣Դԭأһʱ侹ˡ
ӶģߵĶֵͦв˾ۼڿء
㡭Դ˫ùһԼүղǷһ㻹űˡ
ǧЦǡ
Ӷ֪˵ݣָָ
еĺҵԴŮĺǧС㣬Ǹôͳˣ
ȻҪ˵ǧСõѧʸҲ˵Դȫˡ
Ҳ˵ˣΪҥģ񿴵ԴǲĵӣҾˡ
Դû뵽Ȼûá˵ǧǷ˻ϵħѾһɳˡ

ָϣԴҧ˫ϡ
ǧվһ࣬˵ָɫɣѾϰߡ
ԴȺֻ蹷һ󺰴еҵĵճӣ˭ǵĵӺ˵˵ģ
һЪ˹ӣΧŵƺΪ˷ˣ³Ļ
Դ̬ѣս˫ȭȵǧҪ
һΧøˡ
ҵճӾȻҪǧҷˣһţҪ
֮ǧϣЩЦ°ܽȻţͿ˳ˣȴƫҪ
ǧü©ľҽˡ
һб̫ϣνС˫ȴ飬һϯȻӣ۾
Դʶһܸоǵ˲ǵ
ǧ΢䣬嫵ɫȻǾˣҵıճӣΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ǵд¾״㿴Σ
Դ˫ͣͷҲԥ
ҪҪ
һ˳Цǰ·ı⣬Ϊڸ
ԴҧӲͷƤддүԽǴˡ



121 ƨ

д˾״˫ǩֻѺԺЧ
ǧ״öռУڿʼ˫ھвк˶ͶԷûκιϵӮýܣҲҶԷ鷳
ӣǿʼɡǧЦؿԴһơ
ԴһֻЦЩˣ侹ȫʼˡ
ǧ䣬ߵȥ
ӶͷһƬټĿյأЩӶڷڽǣġ
ԴԥƬ̧̣˳ȥ
Ӷ˼ˣҲ׷ȥˡ
գͷãȴϵɫ۱紵ȻɣͬĲˣΨǳ
Դ̲סֶۣɫ𣬡Сǣϸۣ̺۾ͲˣǷӾ
ǧۣţд˾״ݲǺڣʼɡ
Դŭ⣬С˾ǿġ
ǧת°ڶʱƮɢϻ
ԴŭһռָڵĴͷȡͷǧأȴ˿Ŵͷɲһ˷֮
ǧȡ´ȼĶذף׼ȷˡ
ϣеĶذ˸⡣
ĿЩԴ۾
ǧô˿յеĶذջ£ذֱϻһӣɲǣѪӿ
Դ벻ֻ죬ϵʹвϣеĴͷҲڵϣ˲䣬һƬɰҲҳһӡ
ˣǾҡ
δԴ꣬ǧֱһؿڡ
ǧһԴ˾ľżһɵԶգײӶſڵʯʨϡ
顱һԴײðǣһѪ˲
ΧΧ˼ˣɱԼؿڣ鶼Щ㶵ġ
ǧСϲģͽСɶԴһоʹֱУСѾһߣͰһ˸߷ɳȥˣûߵʲôص㲿λȻλˡ
գ˲ʿˮҲҶǧˡ
ǧЦԴһٴߡ
һӰ£ԴͷһŵڵϲҶ
ǧӣһѾԴ½֮˲һպۣӣڻ˵ϴҵ𣿡
Դʹѳݣ𼸾ȴ˫ڵͬԨ
Σա
ȵΣմбŷ
Դŵɪɪ̾ˣңĲˣ˿ںۣһؼȥɡ



122 û

ǧüĿ΢ڰղһʢ˵ģôھͿʼˣ
Դҧǧе⣬˵ĻƹҲ˵κۻ֮ԣ۲ʶ̩ɽǧС˲С˹Ĺһذɣⳡ䡣
һ䣬ͻֹͣ˫κ˺ľٶ
ǧһԴԴϣЦ㻹ˣΪһ£û뵽ôˡ
ԴЦúȴסò
ǧɾ½󲻷ţۣǣӣղŵľ˲ʱ䣬ʱҶԽί׬öˣ˵ǲǸòʲôأ
ҺǧΪҵĵճӦвֵǮĶɣ
û뵽û٣Դһ㶣㣬Ҫʲô
ǧֵڴ䣬ЦݶˣҰʲôĶЩ
ԴֻͷƤ飬ãҸˣǧˡ
ǧ½ɿĥĥģЩϵֵǮȻһ̲סٳ㼸µģֻҪͳɡ
ԴŴӽָռȡӽңʮңӦù˰ɣ
ҵճӣһ־ʮҡ
ǧֵ˵Ǯӣͦ㡣ͷһϲǮӶռ䣬˽ңӦûвٱɣɱ͵͵
ƮƮԴͷ·һ֮в
ǧС顭һЩͽħ޾˺͵ͽ׵ҩҲһɡԴɥȡѿռ䶼Ϳˡ
ŮǷϲ񣬷ǿ
߲ܣǧİõؽЩ¡
ԴڵѪԽҷſ˰ɣ
ǧе˼֣Щָռﻹб𣿡
ԣԴͷһѪ³еĶˣǧСʹ󷢴ȱĹҰɣǻҪͽϵ·£ӦҲٽҡ
ǧ۾ôå
·ֱġ
ǧ·վü֮Ѹһ㵭Ц⣬ӣյľҾúܿģǻ;ҰɣɵôһЩĶ̫٣յöЩǿ
Դ̲סһѪ³
ôǿǾͻյôģ￴óǿ
ԴΣֻýˮ̡̫ùˣԺС
һҪı飬ǧõת뿪
ջٽңȥҩݸЩҩԡˡ
ҩݸַǳ
ǧĳˣһһǰ̨ƹҲǼΪ飬ǧС㣬ҪЩʲôҩݣ



123 ҲӴ

ǧҩ˼ۣϤ˫ǳЦƹ񣬽ҪЩ

ƹ΢΢һ㶣ЩŹֵǧһۣǧС㣬˵ҩݣ֮ƽĲ࣬Ҳ֪ҪںֵطĿ𣿡
ˡǧЩɣĿΪᶨһҪġ
ƹִ֪֣̾Ϣʮһ䣬ǧСҪ䣿
ʮһ䣬ûɣ
ǧ΢΢סڰ׷д˲ţƹ˵һ飬ٽһ䣿
ƹʮָͷЦʮһ䣬ۡ
ǧɫһӾͳ˼֣ʮһǮ׸һǮ䷽
ռҲûٽңֻ䲢ֱҪˡ
ǧĵץһͷúҲƽƹ񣬸Ұ䲢ɡ
ǻǮˮǧЩʹؽ䲢ռ䡣
ʱе䴽ЦǾƹ䷽ڽȫõ˰ɣ˿̾һҪԼҪǸƹʵ̫ˡ
ǧһСëë㲻˵û˵ưӡ
СյؽĿƿߣˡ
ǧ뿪ҩݸ˼һۣ΢ɬ
ջĿ⣬һԵСá
ţһæĽŲС⴫Ȼ
ƼǷˣôһӷûˣѲɣǷﻹɣվСֻͷյģӰƲ
ʵ֣ѵǷɣվԭöţǰٷû뵽תͷͰ˸ˣС֪ᱻѵһ١
Ǻǡǧ˫ֻؿڳǽϣɲǣһ亮ЦƫС
Цͬʯˮףһ˲ôͷͣ
Ц
СﾹȻЦ
ʶԴȥͼһֱѰҵķǽϣģУڵ˫£Ե֮⡣
⻹ǸСµķ
̿ˮ˫Ȳɵش˺
ңҲɡǧֵڴ䣬ʪ˫ͬС¹һ㣬ſɰ޺ȴһĨۼ˷ǳǧҵİɣ
Ȼɴ۾һ˲ȴֿƽҲ֪˵ʲô
ǧ磬һǰס°ͣĵҲ²ǧ뿴ûж



124 

зƱ仯꣬оЩ㣬ҡ֪˵ʲô
ǧ°̧֮ʹ°ʹҲһۣҴҿʲô֪ģǧЩȫͿ˶ҩ˵ʲô綾ÿֶҩϣֳʹþԻһ־綾
䶯Ŵ꣬ȫû뵽ﾹһʱ֪˵ʲô
ǧأ㽫°ж
۵ѳݣ޵ԭȫװģҶҪ߶С㣬һҪ㡣
û㱾£ҪǺˣҡǧۣϵƾ¶һɲǣͻ䣬С¶Ҳ˲䣬ã㻹ȥǧС𣿡
ӵɴһĨõԤӿͷҪɱң
ǧɤħ٣ᱻ٣ӣҲұ
ǧɱӣͣһʱ䷢κ
ǧֻƣأϸĲӽۡ
һϢϮҵǵͨ죬ǧǰɱˣСǲŹģȿȡ
ǧۣЦͲͣΪԼж󣿡
˵ҵĲһŤ
ǲһӱŤϣԴһᣬ˲û˺
ֻٵСԺǧ֣鼫á
ôŵڵϵʬ壬̾һСѾͷĺ
ǧСԴڱ⣬ұһĺɱ֣ôѾǼޣң֪̫ˡ
÷һۣԸ߶ģ
ǧֻЦתصǧҡ
һլڣǧ㷢ЩԾΧѾСҲ˽ĿŸ֡
ǧùŹ֣ղŻصԼһ곤˹
곤ָ˸ͳǧС㣬үȥһˡ
ǧü£
곤ӣѣǧСȥ˾֪ˡ
ǧͷģѲɣұɱ飬Ѿ֪ˣ
ͷڵضַƣǧɫ˼ۣͷִڶס
һŮɫһʦģϵŭɫΪŨأҪ̻һ
ǧΪƣӦòʶǰɣ
ǧٷɲǣ䣬һأǧ˵˵ʲô¶ҵ˶ˣ
ң
ѲԴĵСӻȥСˣ



125 Ů

ǧüȴֱֱ̹ͦطʵף֪ʲô£ţ
Ҷһɫ䡣
ǧٷ˫࣬޲ýڵϣЩԼҸ˵𣿡
ǧһãȻ鼫Ϊ޹ף治֪Լʲô
ǧٷؿϣ㱻ιȥ
λ²ǧ򴽽ЦǷǰ治飬ţǷﶨܵһ𷣡
ǧѩǧˮĬȴ˼
һʱڵո΢Ҷϲٺȥ̳˳Ĭǧǲ㽫ǼҵԴ˵ģ
ǧĿҶƳٿЦղҪҾҪ˵ɣܲ˵ģ
˵ҶϵɫѿǼԴһܽˣ㶨ʲô˵ֶΣգǶҪ
˵ֶΣǧʲôЦЦñˣλĪˣҲңʱʦҲڣѲ˵ʦ飬ֶΣ
Ҷ˫࣬ʵ˵
ǧĿ棬ʤ׷ңд¾״ģھʱΣֻҪһ;ҶԷ鷳ҿλҲͷѲ䲻ˣˣ
Ҷҧڣ㡭
ǧٷ̫Ѩŭȣǧұ죬ֱۡ
ǧüͻȻֱ޹˼֣ףֻʵʵ˵ѣ𣿡
ǧٷҳȥһӣ죬ұ졭
ǧһصıʱ¶һĨϧ
Ϻõ໨ɱӣȴ̣ˣȥҡ
Ҷƽ̧ǧٷ磬ǧٷ˵ΰɣҵŮǼԴ´˺֡
ǧҹϵƽʱһЩΪһǧֵò죬Щòʧˡ
ǧٷתǧʱǵĮλھͽŮǣôþôãǧҲʡ
˵ǻϵħʦ¾˰£ûκǰ;ǳȽϺá
ǧվһ࣬šüЦ
ΪԼŮһλøء
˷紵ǧɣ¶
Ҷ˿üЦǧٷ˵ʵڣǴ˿̾ͽ˴ȥá
ԷûŭǧٷɫãɣȥɣϲŮžķ



126 ˽

ǧɫӵĮĿͶǧٷϣڽף״ڴˣ㾹ǷǺڰףͲ֮˳Ц𣿡
ǧٷһѿסǣŭ˲Ů͵˵̬𣿡
ǧ˫Ԩƾ֮뽫ͳȥ׶˲أ㻹ҶΣ
ǧٷһ٣һĨŭɫӿͷŮ
ǧżͷģʵȴڸ䱸š
ǧٷ̫ѨЩιȥλỤ̊ܽǿɵúúôһʡԺŪʲôˡ
Ҷϲüңǰ뽫ǧߡ
ǧվԭأĿ⳯Ҷһֿ䵽ǧٷϣףӮˣҺδ֮У˵Ǵ壬Ҳ䲻˵ȥ治Ц
һʱ䣬ֱ֮üžǳ
˲Ϣɫǧһתֵǲȥҽܳͷģִ⣬ݹҲ
ɲǣһƱ֮˷һ㺮˪Щѹ֡
ϰкŪôڵٴξס
ǧٷĿӣڿǧʱ˶סˡ
ţŮϲųɴ˿аųУֱҪ췴
ǧٷ䣬һŮֱҪ췴ˣ˲̣ܽ͸ȥҺúܽѵˣǧҰ
һ䣬С롣
ǧЦԥγȼĶذף׽ôҾ׼Ҫ󡭡
ǧٷָŭЩֱ޷ˣ
һʱ䣬Сֳɱȥ
ǧˣһָŲյЦöֵ⡣
ԶײֻºѾͷٱҴȥƲҲһмҪҲֻܹԼ
ǧеĶذ׷ҫ
볯СǴȥһҴҵԶס֣ǿЩס֡
Դ˲أһʱˡ
ʳ֣ǧٷæСֹͣ
ҶϼԼұˣæһЦʵԴ㲻ڼϢôܵˣΪֻعôס֣
Դ˫һ죬õһۣҺǧǹƽ˫д˾״һô˿أ鷳ôң
ԻᱻĭûģʱѧԺҲƲңǧͦһùĻԼ
ղţԼȥǧ鷳ˡ



127 ɴɴ

ԴܾŵСĸΣһؿҶϡ
Ҷԣһʱ侹òˡ
ԼұֻعôͱǵĲˣ
ԴֻعġҶ򴽣Щģô˵ʱ㸺˶ɰˡ
Դڰ֣ںȻˣͱСֵģʡ˵䲻𣡡
ղŻؼҵʱ˵Ǹ˵ģ˵òأʱҲǧŵòᣬĸȥ鷳
΢˾飬û뵽תͷǾȥǧ鷳ˡ
Ҷ΢٣һʱɫЩҲס
ǧٷһЦСǲɢ˱㿪ڵλȻӶ˵ˣҪҼСŮΰɣ
Ҷû˵ɫһһ׼Ϊѿ
ԴǿڵЩ߰ɣҵѾˣûҪС֡
Ҷ̾˿ɿڵˣȻҼԴ˵ˣλҲûʲô˵ģ֮¾ôҹȥɡ
ǧʶԴһû뵽СӻԼ˵
ΪС棬˿ֻ̿Ƕ̫ڻˡ
ԴӴǧĿ⣬ŵֻСһٽƿˡ
ǧЩֲǺˮбҪ³
˸뿪һ˲յǧ֣ԴôҲˣ
ҡԴ㣬֪˵ʲô
ɴɴһϯ۷ɴȹźöСˣСһľӣǼԵø¡ء
ɴɴĵ˼Ϊȡ
С㣬յŰݷν£ǧٷЩƣǧҺҲôɴɴôͻȻˣѲɣǧù
գǧٷݺݵۡ
ǧɵЩĪüͷԾš
ġɴɴ֣Сǿ첽ŵĴľҲŵ˴롣
ǧٷƣ񣿡
ǧҲ˽
ѽ񡣡ɴɴǰǵקǧڣǧһõˣȸɭ־ȵңǧħ޾ۼֻѾˣҽͬ˵ԺǾҴŶǰŰл
ԣڵɫһ䡣
ǰǧħȸɭɨͼѪϼɫգ·˵جΣǵĴʦʵǳһ˲ͽǧħնɱ
ٴλָƽɵȸɭȫǧħצ£ɴɴȻ˵ȸɭУǧ£⵽ô£
ǧٷɫЩӡ
ǧѩüͷһǧĿȻúȻħצ¾ȳС㡭



128 һݳ

ǧǧѩĿ⣬̹ħϮ˵ıʤܾСʵ¡
϶˵ǧѩһЦ㲻˵
ǧַ̬˱仯ָ߬⣬ڶ˼źŤ
ɴɴ֪ڳ˵˼С˽ľӴ򿪡
Ӵ򿪵һ˲һƴĿĹâڴ֣âɢȥ˲ſľЩʲô
һľ˺ЩΣڶľз˽ӲӵĽң˵ҲһٶɣһľзһЩͽײѪ
ľȫЩֵǮǵڳһۺ첻ѡ
Ҷϼˣ̲סǧƳ˼ۡȻ˴ˣǧС㵱Ǻñ¡
Դ㶵ؿľĶ뵽ձǧٵȥĶ˫պ˺죬ǿЩȥɣʡöۡ
Ҷϼûʲô¶ˣ뿪
ɴɴ뿪ЩƣҸԴˣô¶
ǧʼ磬Ǿûʲô¶ˣȻˡ
ɴɴ׵ĵͷŶԭˡˣҸ׼лɻϲ
ǧľĶ˫΢
ղ˲Ѿȥл˿̣ɴɴ˾ٸѩ̿
ǧжһĨɫСлʮϲҲʵ̫ˣ׼ôࡣ
ɴɴֵҵȻЩ
ǧЦ
ǧٷһ˲ǧº࣬㾹ȻС㣬Ҫô˵أ
ģ̌Ŀ⣬к¶׳겻ˣ˵Ҳһ϶˵
ǧٷɫһ䣬λС㶨ԹղŵĲ顣
ɫһѹ⻰˵ģΪףô᲻˵
ǧǳǳһЦĿɭ
ǧٷǾȲѣСŰݷãЩ˼
ɴɴһֵǧү鷳ˣҾģҵˡ
˵ţһСת뿪
ɴɴһߣٴαðǧקãȻɴɴϵˣǵϣɴɴǿȥ
ǧһЦ׺⣬ܲһǵˣɴɴ˲øж
ǧɸһЦ˵
ǧٷˣæǳ˽֣ҼλճŮɵüùϵ˵Ժ󻹵ÿҰĵġ



129 ҩȡһγɹ

Ұģλ˵̴ûá
ǧƵĲ˵
ǧٷЩҲסǣԻһ²ſڵľӶԺӦ÷Ų£õ㱣棬Ҫ˾˵
ǧһ˫ЩȫǧУǷҪˣøױŸãõҲš
ǧϵĺɫ觴ӣ͵ã˵üǣԺ̫СЩͽܰɡ
ǧѩǧˮɶβ
ǧתתӣ׺Ц⣬ͻֱһĨڽڸǣСҵĶøģ
ܾǧٷɫ̱
ǧûһ̶ֵҵԺ˵󲻴˵ССЩӦܷµģǲģٸЩȥռָǾܷ𣿡
ǧٷ䶯ǣɫЩڡϵĿռָ΢ЩľҪϰңŮθڵǲС
ǧٷգˣЩԼȥܰɣǶɢȥɡ
ǧǳЦҪ̲ĶԸ
ֱǧٷӰʧ˲ûԾ
ǧöôණˣŸ׵ĽңСŭ׵òʧ
ǧֱӷԸС˽ļ̌ԼԺӡ
һģǧⲻɶıӰһڡˡ
ļ̌ԼԺӣǧСһЩҵ˷ѡ
СŽһϲؾˣϻ˵ĺá
һߣǧתԺŹϡ
һľڵĶȫ˿ռ䡣
üֵõ˲ٱŹӵСѾͷˣʲôɾͿԵõ˶౦
ǧôҲΣʱ̾
ûصռ䣬ŽҲ֣һӡ
ǧҡͷҲ˿ռ䡣
ռڵȻûб࣬Ϊºͺ㣬˾úǧתͷǼأһЩҩݣҩⰻȻ
ǧת뱦ڣȫë׶滺
üˣŤСƨɵϴ˲Ѫϰһ£ȡһγɹ
ǧȭͷһƬʢâ˸ȡһҪɹ
ϣʼٴҩݣÿĶЩۻҡ
ҩݣǧҩһԶ뵤¯ڣħ濪ʼƵ¯üεʧܣǧԻԽԽˡ
Σһγɹ¥ȥ侲侲ˡ
õɣһŨҩζǧ˫ʼĻ𹮹̵¯
ಡһǧѸٽħϨ
ʵں棬̲ס¯ƿһƣٴ㶣ţСѾͷʵڱ̬



130 ׻ϵĽ

ǧҲһۣѪɫѪ˲ӳС
ĶӣֵڲǸոŵһҩʦȻδζƳţǵȼٸһЩҪˣ
ǧ֪еıЦǵȼһЩ֪ܲһ¯ʮţһܿһҵĵҩרꡣ
һ¯ʮţ
òצӱС壬һԡСѾͷô
ǧĮֲΪ˶ġ
ҩװСƿУźãͻȻһڶָһɫҲЩѿ
üԾɿʵôˣɫЩѿ
ǧ£˼ۣ˵ҩҵĻϵħҪˡ
һ̲סһۣ˼궼һΣ㵹ãżܸ˼꣬ʮŬˡ
ǧ۾õ߶⡣
߶һģҲͲ˵ˡ
ǧѾȫ״̬˼ֱ˺ͼУͼΧƵĻҫŨֻҪȼɫͻ仯˿̣޵ļΪƯˡ
Ҳ֪Ժִ۷壬ֻɺӣ
ģ泯˼ʱ򣬿ٽڡ
ǧֻӺҪˣ۾ʱͱˮʪӺøӯڵԴԴϣ״̬Ҳǰδеĺá
ֽˣ
ǻϵĽףٴϵͽ׻ϵܿɱƬͬȼˣ
ǧԼƣйâɣȸղͼеĻ滹Ҫҫۣãֽˡ
õĮһۣɰͰ͵Ŷϲ㰡
ǧüƺЩģ
գź۾ֻľ˶ѣ̫̬Ѿ޷ݡ
ǧѵĽݣ˫ɫۣȻֶһĨԾԾԣãȻѾĽףڿȥ¥˰ɣ
צӻأȷȥˣŸոսĽף¥ڵӿǳ˵ûΣգԾɲ̫ܡ
һ˵꣬̾ͼûӰ
ҧ죬գѾͷͲðѻ˵갡
ñQ϶¥
ǧ¥ֻͷӿ쳣˵ϴƵԾɲ̫ܡ
ִһɲǣӿ뵽ڣ˫ŤͷҲ˺ˮ
һ¥ɫѣæੲݣѾͷղֲ˵ں˰ɣ˰ɣ



131 ιҪʲô

ǧĻ⣬Ŭӿ
߶˰죬ûԼ
ǧǰͱˮʪԭʪ·Ҳʪһ㣬񱻴Ӻ̳һǱ
üɫ԰ףЩۣСѾͷôǿأʵܲסЩǿȥȵǿһЩʱҲ١
ǧԾû˵ӿŰЩܲסȴںǿ⣬ȫûͶ˼ģϰİԵɫҲ˲١
üˣӲɳɣСѾͷЩԵ
˼ͬʱǧɫԽԽˣұüΪ󣬾̲ܵһȫ͸һɲһơ
ͣ͸һĨ˼飬ǰɣСѾͷĽԵˣ
ǧһ۾
һУСѾͷˣ㷽ŰЩˣ
ǧʶסϼ˫ʹȥӾ¶ˣգź˫ЩΪԵոʱϴģҲʾ˺һҽӦǼ޷ͶԼͶˡ
һؿڣѾͷÿÿ˴۽硣
ǧצŲвצǲҪ𣿡
ŤͷߺòϡС塣
ǧڵϣЦЦҪȥԿﵼʦ䷽ڿռںúôŰɡ
һõжܵƣȥˣ˲Űá
Ľǧת˿ռ䣬ֿľͰзˮɲǣȣֽ䷽ҩݷС
˲䣬һŨҩζǧȥľͰС
ҩˮȫ󣬲ʱۺ죬ͬӤ͸˲ߢ
ǧſľͰԵر۾
䷽Ȼͬ죬һݽȥһĸоϮȫָоǿңɢëף˯øһЩ
Ժ۾ʱƿһӰǰζ
ǧһ㶣˲侯Ҳɵϴ󣬡ʲôˣ˽ҵԺӣ
䣬һĨ۵¶ǧĿˣͻȻһ˲ȫ
ʦΪ㣿
ȻǷΣѡһʱ
ǧЩȣӲɳ˼֡
վľͰԣһϯҫڷз裬˫ҲΪǰĲŮԡͼ
ͻȻָ⣬ԡˮỮһȦ
ǧƵн䱸³Ҫʲô



132 û

ûпеĽ䱸̬ؽָȡɲǣָմȾһˮգ̺
ǧ˳ָ˫һ¡
νָϵˮղɾԡˮѾˣһֱˮﲻ𣿡
ǧһ㶣˲һĨӣɲһ£ȴˮвϳͷ嵭üۣٿǹЦЩɵˮЩˣʦůů
ζеĴǳǳüŮҪ֡
ǧſľͰԵζȴһƬɭ䣬ǴʦÿöǼõʱ֣˵ʦϲֵɧǷ̣
ЩЩʻ㣬ȴζŨ֪ǾԲʲôû
üĿ΢βڡ
ǧ۾޲˫ĵһ꣬ʦν£
ԲǰӡԵøӾƯĪˣǵʮգûذġ
ԣǧһʮʱѾ
ǧëָͷϸӣһ˶ˡȻǵʮա
̫࣬ټϸղŻϵħĽףȫʱ䡣
Сϵı鲻ϱ仯Ϊḻμˣü֮ЩɫȻˡ
ǧȵش˴ľͰԵȷˣʱúÿ졭
νȻˣͽҰɡ
ǧ򴽣鲻ԸؽռڵİȡһҪ֮㻹ٽ𣿡
Ÿոս뱦ڶ㣬ûҪԭ̫ʹˡ
һӣи⣬ǣһҪȡߣڻ᲻㣬ȹЩʱ˵ɡ
ǧݸоǲᣬЩʱգͲܸ׼𣿡
θù壬ǧգۣȻ˻ȥ
ֱ߿տգһʧЦҪ
ǧ˫ӣǰǳҪ´λ𣿡
ȥᡣ
û׼ǧüͷݻ
νӹ壬üͷɢ˼֡
ǧ˼ۣٿͫ΢΢һھʵʦյɫЩԾӲ𣿡
ָһһʱɫƸӲ԰˼֣£㻹ǿЩɣˮˡ
ǧתŷεüۣٿЦһ֪ʦȻûͿЩ߰ɣ˵뿴ҳԡ



133 ҧָ

ԣȻתĹһƬΨȡ
ǧıӰҪһ
˼ͻȻӲ½Ų
ǧɣһ˲˲ض
νеİ壬Ҫȡůϵı仯˫Ӳ԰Ѫɫǰ˽֧Ųסڵϡ
ˡһǧգգ۾ûڵһʱ䷴Ӧ
ô£
һĴʦȻεڵأ
ǼΪǿϴȸɭֻǧħޣ˲佫ϤΪνԵ˴
ǧٿľͰʦôˣ
ӣһûס
ǧһʱ֮侹ѣʦΣΣ
ξһ˯ˣ˫գŲ԰׵˫ջ͸һ¾Ҫ˷ȥһ㣬ǧҧϡ
꣬ǧЩû뵽ƽŵͦϵġ
ǧڴϣּɫ԰ףɰ˱ӣһ֮ҧҧüͷ
ѱռ죬ϸ˯ĶѲɻộ
ȻϲӣپȹңѪ壬˯ڴϰɡǧһ󣬾ùߵͷ׼ȥ̡
ߣһֻȴֱקס
ܵϵıǧӲɽһ¡
䣬ͬ׹˱ѡ
Ŀ˲ֻǽڷĴϣץסҪˣ
ʦ𣿡ǧһۣȴɽգûһҪףûѵĻΪһֱקҲţ
ǧͼĴĴͬģôʩ
򴽣ٿһĨɭΣʶ֣Ѿ˯ˣ㻹Σ
ǧһϵı˸ֵסٱקȥֹҪˡ
䡭ν˫ʼ߽Һ䡭
䣬䡭
߽ʲôǧͻȻס
λһĴʦδ¶Լеĸܣܻ˵Լ䣬ֱֵ˴˵ͬĹˡ
ǧЩӡ
䣬䡭߽ɫĳƽڴϣɢңʹȥӲ԰״
ǧקţһʱ侹Ȼ
ͻȻΡৡһ½۾˫ڵһ㺮˪˫ûκһ˿࣬ƽƺӺ˿ֲ
ǧһס˼̿ˮСʵʦڸоΣЩûУ
գŵӣͻȻһҧסָͷ



134 ְ

ȣʪĴָӣ漴һʹС
ǧԴ˲䵱
ΪλˣƽӵĮķξҧָܣͲš
Σ֡ǧؿڣͺһ
ξʲôһһֱָĦϸϸʹдһĨ⣬˲ϮǧȫͬһԴৡһըˡ
Σٲ֣ͱҲˡǧۣһֻĨ棬˸ͣ
ͷǧŵеĻҲɢ
ҧ£ɲǣָѪδһڽָϵѪС
ҵʹϮǧ̲סüͷİɣֱӽָͷҧˡ
ǧָѪķΣɫЩӡ
ҵѪôóԣѪ𣿡
û˵ȴж֤ʣԭ԰׵ɫָһ˿Ѫɫ׺˫գȥˡ
ǧüȴӣ̲סʧЦһȻ֪Ϊκ䣬ҵѪԺƺЩˣǰȹңѪһɡ
Ҳ֪ǲૣüĿʱ˫
ʵܲסڵ⣬ٴſڣѪӿǻʱһĨȶӿȫ̾
ů
ν󣬱˴˾ݡ
ǧ˻ԴܾЩ룬Ҳ֪ǱѪɵĺ֢ˣͷһһģڵֵס۾˯ȥ
գӴ͸룬ǧһڻ
ⴳ۾ѹͬʱԼȻ˴ϣҲһޱ
ʱ˯ˣ
ǧȻһۣȴ߿տҲ¶ȾȥֻʣһĨ
ָ΢ͻȻεȻק󲻷ţȻ󡭡Ȼҧָ⡣
뵽ʵĴУǧ˫һۺ졣
ǵģͻȻҧˣҲ֪ʲôëȻһֱ˵䣬ɽӰƲˣѲɣѪ֮ͺ͸ˣ
ǧƿӣͻȻָϲһЩɫǱ˰ˡ
ָһ˲䣬ϸϸĴʹϮüͷŲۣҧ˲棬£׻Ǹˡ
ǧϴһ뵽屻ߣ˶ˡ
ôӿռļЦȻߣþ˵Ĵʦ࣬㻹׬ˡ



135 ȸ̳

ࣿ
ǱҧʧѪࡣ
ǧЩģ䣬һԲؾͷȥ
СȣռƷ£һֱЦ
ǧЩͷۣ޲ýС
緹ǧȥһЩˮȥ˺ѧԺ
յĺѧԺ֣һԵѧ˵ƺһºʹʦҪѧԺѲӣ˳һҪҪƺϵȸĹ˲ʢ
ǧһţû˼ȥˣʲôĹ£ֻŬ׬öҡ
Сľݣһɢİ
ǧƺ«ǰѪСѾͷҸջ߶㣬û뵽̾ˣҵļʱꡣ
ǧЦЦŮ죬ĻЩȺȿֺúȣ
ҧӣˮ׹ɾȻǹЩúˣ磬˻ζ
˵һ룬еľƺ«ǿʲôȤĶһѿǧļϣģ
ǧϢñˣ£һŭضǸ
ɶǧβ
ǧЩڣﵼʦôˣ
µ֣ƴ˲ɢռ㻹ǻϵħףɽվȻĽס
ǧĿ⣬ôǸ׿ռ䡣
֣ڵұΪ˫ϵٶȻȵϵЩȴ룬㾹ǿô࣬ȥٶȾҪ˾ˡ
ǧЦ
ףٴƿ㵼ʦһõķȣҪҪ㣬˿̼ڷ츳ָߣǷʺϲˡ
ȣ
ǧԶס뻨ЩȥõķȣɺõķȼҪƣҪ䷽ϵģؽڷȥˡ
˵ع˫оɫʦ˼ǣһȣ
׺һ˿ǰõģڸòҸ̳У츳ҵѧ̳Ӧ
ǧͷһϲҾлʦ
ٿ˵ϵãװ׵ִַ˫˲лңͽֻӸҵ¾Ʋ˰ɡ
˲ըëҳС٣
ǧ΢㶣ʦ˵Ҫҷķںδ
ջĿ⣬еɫûȥ



136 γȱ

ģ̌ţ
ƿţ˷䡣
⻹ǧһνķ䣬Ϊķһңȴû뵽˲٣һвôӼȴָʰġ
ǧ΢΢һ̲סư˼ۡ
ӴĿ⣬ЦǲǾݣҲһݣ
͸˼ǧϲûκξɫǳЦȷ뷨ⷿԺҷֵʦҲһΪϸĵˡ
ÿţóֵĶͻأ֡
ϸһˣϾһƹʵڿЦ
ٿڵΪ㻹ܿһϸ֮ˡ
˵ţſڵĻƿŲɲǣֻá¡һһʯŻ
ʯ֮нѣǻ֮Ư
ǧǰʯţЩȣû뵽ﵼʦﾹȻػأ߱ǵʦطȵĵط𣿡
䣬һ˲ıӰüΪߴ󣬡֪ˡ
ǧʯ档
ǻƯЩۣ֮ǧҲӦˡ
ʯһҵĵط߿տмλ÷һʯƵԲ̨Բ̨֮ϲһҫɫķȡ
ȶһֻ۾λǶŸ߽ħ޾ˣžħĹΪ˵Ҳǧˡ
ǧ˹ȥֻһ۱ϲǱȡ
ǰָڷȶĦǰùķȣѪ﷨ȣôɻϲ
ǧʢ⣬ﵼʦҺϲȡ
ЦһģƺΪȻϲǾȫʵγǰγ˵ȺԵǰβʦҲ
ǶԲ̨Ƕü
ǧ۾ûﵼʦһʧġ
˿һԣͿʼɡ
ǧָڷϣþȫ˿
ҧǰкˮʪԾɲܲˣþȫǾõ̫㣬ƤֱѪ
ϸϸܵʹӣǧ򴽣üͷ
ۡ
ⷨǶҲ̫ˣβ
ѾƤ̲סڵѾƤټȥֻ»ۣڸˣǼǷ
ǧҧأî˾һܼ
۾иһƬСѾͷǾǿ
ǧշȣеѪ䣬һ㣬˼֡
ѪڷϣٿһƼϸеķҲŲ



137 Ƿ

ѪѪ﷨Ⱥӵɲǣϵҫҫۣ˵ħ޾۾һ͸һĨ֮
ǧŷȣûʱ侪ȡ
վԶ⻪ɣ˫
һžɽѰʱޣѰһֱ䵱ԼŵЧҲǼãֱǷϲѣһȲԲ̨֮С
Ƕò̫ʱһãȷ·ӵԼԽǶԽˣҲò
ʱ;ѰԼˣֻʱĲ²ǶԵġ
ҫ۵ķȣ˹âɵʢ
СѾͷǺ
ۣ⽥ǧ۾գ
ǧ֪ʲôרĶԸѪ﷨ȣɲͣƿܡǧһᣬʩһΡ
ɲǡ̵Բ̨ϳһѺۣҲγЩ
ǧ˫ɫӼᶨ
һԵģ
Ҫɹ˫ٴҪȵ˹Ȼ
ǧٴʩֻá¡һԲ̨˲䵹Ѫ﷨ȾҲС
ŷȣ׵Ц⽥¶ﵼʦƣѾѪ﷨Ȱγˡ
γѪ﷨ȸҫ۶ĿʵʺѪҺأǧ棬֡
ǰеĸɫȥСѾͷȻЩ£ʦڸĶˣİɣ
ġǧʵشʢâǹɫлʦͣһúñܵġ
ļĳţȲͨӵ·ϻиõıϡ
ǧͷЩůʣﵼʦһܵġ
ľƺ«ͷ˼ڣɲǣٴαɣˣˣղѧԺѧ˵һѧȥ㳡ϣҲ֪Ǻʱˡ
ǧƣȥ㳡£
뿪ңͷһھƣҲ֪˵ǱºʹʦҪҪʲôϷˡ
ǧȶռ䣬ת뿪ȥ㳡
ûϵѪվͳȥˣû߼ͺǧѩײˡ
ѪֱӰǧѩ°ϣɲǣһѪӡӳ֣ǧѩˣɫüͷ
㼱Ҵңʲô
ǧŲǸŪ·Ҳԣﵼʦ˵ѧԺѧȥ㳡ϣߵôæЩ



138 ѪѪ

ǧѩй⻪תǧҲΪ񣬡ȥ㳡ЩʱȥҲõϺþãɲż
ǧɫȻݣԭˣл档
ǧѩĿʹѪģм̶¶ǣʵõƺιʻˣѪģĴۡ
ǧν˦˦ֵΪɰﵼʦҵùͷˣҲûʲô󰭡
ǧѩ̾һҲҪ̫ƴˣǰﵼʦ̫ΪϿͺʹ˵Ūľ̴ʦ¡
ǧۣҡͷܾˣҾðﵼʦǶͦá
ҾͲˡǧѩ䴽Цв⣬ȴһȻãƿɵúúϴһºʹʦҪʧ
ŴĹػ࡭
ǧĵصͷ֪ˡ
ǧѩЦһ뿪
һߣǧԼιһѪɲǣϵʹʧ̺Ҳʼϣǧÿռ侮ˮѪϴԭǻһͳ㳡ȥ
˿̵Ĺ㳡Ѿ˺öˡ
ѧǶ˽̸űºʹʦ˷ǰΪ˺¡
ǧ֣վߵĽ䴦
ʱʵۺʹʦϹ㳡Բ̨ѧǼˣ̻
ǧѩ̲ס˼ۣգΪˣ˫һӾͺ͸˼֡
ǧǧˮվһ࣬ǧ⳯ƣǧǷȥˣºʹʦˣôͲˣ
ǧˮһģ㳡ô࣬Χɡ
ǧһҲãƼǷķΪԼǻϵħʦΪΪֱ
ǧˮֻЦ
ǧѩƳۣһôˣǶ˵һ䣬˿Ц
ǧǧˮ
һԲ̨ϵıͻȻ̧֣ʾѧǰ
ѧǼˣֹͣ˵
ʵʱ˿ڣʣشҶ֪ǰЩǧħͼǵϢɣ˷ǺڰħʦֳģǵĿıΪѪѪ
һ˻Ȼ
ѪѪߵ£һϵĴ˵
ѲɣӵѪѪ֮Ѿȸ½
һϢһϲõĺϢ
ʵһĨȻٴοڵҵĲ²ûдݴʦԣѪѪѾ޵ȸ½˷ѧԺΪҳ˭ѪѪ֮ˡ
⻰ٴѧǻȻͣ
ӵѪѪ֮ˣѧԺ
֮пܵģӦþʥŮǧѩ˰ɣ
ѧͷĿˢˢͶǧѩϡ
ǧѩ̧°ͣһ߹
ѪѪ𣿱



139 βʵ

ǧֹЩ˯
ѪѪʲô
õֶܵõ£
֮ԡ
ǧ۾ȱȱϵñղͣצӲϻ裬СѾͷ㾹Ȼ֪ѪѪҪ֪ѪѪţô˱ܵõ£ӵѪѪ֮˵ѪҺΪ⣬ٶȼӱһʹҲӱҲһЩ
ǧ˫ͫһ
ѪѪڳˣǻΪȸ½ΪĴڣᱻص㱣
ǧ˼ۣнЩ¡
Ҳ֪ӵѪѪ˾˭ǧѩ
Բ̨֮ϣʵ۷䣬ٴοڵѰѪѪʦһЭޣǲعڽš
ζףĿ⳯Բ̨ɨһۣ󣬾ǧϡ
ãã˺˵ĿȻ㡣
ǧ͵һ̼˫޲ڵ˫纣һ䣬˲֪˿Щʲô
ǳǳ
ǧָ⣬ⰲãƽ˼֡
νĿջأȻڵһһþβʵѰңųӵѪѪ֮˵Ϣϡ
ʵߣź룬ЦʦľβʵѰҳӵѪѪ֮ˡ
δףϵһд򿪣ɲǣһֻͨɫĺɳɳ˲һӫҫͣͬƯС顣
βʵһӣɵڷֱϡ
δһһһͼ
ʵ۲Щ̲סʦЩþβʵѰҳӵѪѪ֮˰ɣҹζࡣ
εҲ֪Ծβʵ˵ʲô뿪ֱųԲ̨·ȥ
ѧǿƯĲʵ¶֮ɫ
ӵѪѪֻʵͣϧʵֱƹֱֱǧѩķȥ
ѧǼˣһꡣ
֪߹ʥŮȻӵѪѪ֮ˣһΣǧҪһɳˡ
ҲΪӵѪѪ֮ˡ
ǧѩŷĲʵеЦºŨҡѪѪģ
ʵߣź룬Ц޾֪ȸ½ʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˡ
˫䣬Ĭ
ǧѩ˷ܵʱ򣬾βʵͻȻ뿪ǧǱ߷ȥ
ˢˢͷʵǧͷɴԭء
λǧҷѲɣӵѪѪ֮ˣ
ӦòɣǷ˵ǻϵħʦҲ
б䣬ǧѩ˫ȭüɫķͷ



140 ӵѪѪ֮

ǧѩҧȴһº֮ɫ
ǧ⿴ԶȥĲʵ˫ƣֻʵԷ裬˿ȴǧߣҲ֪ʲô֮
ǧѩ°е˫ֽһɲǣֱ϶һۣȴоʹþӵѪѪء
ǧһôܣдҾͲ˺Ͳʵ
ǧˮһƣŸͣܶһʥŮʵֻǵһһ͵÷ɹˡ
βʵǧͷϷûһҪߵ˼
ǧЩƣѵ˿˵ӵѪѪ֮ˣ
Ҫɣܸо鷳
ʱβʵͣǧͷƯĳڷ
龰ڳѧΪȻ
ɣǧӵѪѪ֮ˣ˲Ϊһӻ󣿡
ٵİɣ֮оǧѩΪǧ˻ϵħҲ׶ѣǷϲľһǷϲ񡭡
ੲݣǧѩüͷ壬˫һƬࡣ
վԲ̨֮ϵĻʵۣͻȻһز̱ڵأĿڲɵΪλˣѵӵѪѪĲǧѩǧ
ʵζӣԸǧѩҲϣʲôǧϾ˵ǧѩʵǿȸ½ٲѡ
˫䣬ǧβ
ǧΪڣĵضһӣͼ뽫βʵߡ
βʵ֪뷨Ϊݵͣͷ
ʱһ紵ƺһƱζβʵȶܵʲôƻһ͵شͷֱǧѩķȥ
һ䶯ü죬˶ûӦ
ӦʱβʵȻݵͣǧѩ°ڴ°ڴζУҲ뿪
ǧѩβʵͣԼ°ڴһ󾪲漴Ũصϲá֪Լ󣬶ȻӵѪѪ֮ˡ
ǧǧˮҲһ漴Цϲ㣬þ֪ͬѰӵѪѪ֮ˡ
ǧѩݸٹһЩ²Ҫ¶۲źá
ãβʵԾû뿪Ѿȫ
ǧѩ˿շתһЦ⣬Ǿβʵѡ֮ˡ
Ѷ˻Ȼͣ
ŲʵǧǱͣӦֻСһϢϣȥˡ
Ҿ֪ʥŮԭһᰡ
˵ʵۼβʵѡǧѩʢЦ޾֪ӵѪѪ֮˶ȻǧѩʦΣ



141 ҫ

εеĹâԹһӣĿջأȻǾβʵѡ˵ģǱضõĽ֡
ʵüЦѪѪ֣ѪѪ£
ȸ½˵õշӷٲʢĹҲΡ
ʵ۹һ˦ڵİ˲¶ʥŮӵѪѪ˺޵ĽɽҪػԸ⣿
ǧѩԣ̸أϵɴȹڵͬ಻ϵŮԵ߾ȫΪػǧɽ
ɤͣȴѪڡһվŵǧѧæǸͬǧѩһڵϡ
ǧǶˣҲȥЩԸ
㳡ȫѧߵݣǳǺ
䣬˸ϲ£õѪѪ֮ˣȸ½ʢǷ
ʵ۱ֱϵĵ֮δ֣ǸˣҪ£޻ҪΪʥŮٰᣬϵҫ
ǧѩһĨϲӿͷø䣬ٴߵлл£ŮḺС
ʵٴδЦ֮ſڵûʲôˣɢȥɣҲûعˡ
һɢȥ
΢䣬ǰֳǧһۡ
ɲǣĿԣǧЩΪһֱл𣿼ֱĪ
ջĿ⣬ڻʵ໺ȥ
һ˲εӰʧǧŻع
죬ЦŮ˰ԺԼܻйľο㾪Ϊ˵ӡ
ǧüһѾסĳ䣬ﵼʦ˵Ϊ¾ƲˣҾ鲻
գź۾Ͻ˵ʲôأÿԵÿǻٵģ֪𣿡
Ҳ֪ǧתһƴȻҪҳԳԿ֪᲻ˡ
գһŤͷ˿ռ䣬ˣûؿռ˯ȥ
ſļͷǧȻʧЦ
ԶǧѩѧǵףĤݣò֡ǧϲ֣ҲǴ򽻵ȻȥȥӶίˡ
ίһֱɫ΢䣬Żصǧҡ
һصǧңͷһ̫Ӵ߳󻹸ŲС̫࣬ű硣
˲̫½ŲסǧС㣿
ǧͣ½Ųãǧ
̫ǧɨջĿϸӼҷ˱µʥּǧСȴٳٲûнʥŮǰ㣬ǧҽӻԻ͡



142 һҪμ

ǧ׺ۣȴֲɫѵǣ⵽Ҳǧҵļ£˲ǲðɣ
̫һ٣˫ŤһֱǧСųû뵽ݡҧѹǧС㣬Ǻãɱӿڳ˾Ͳˡ
ǧĿ⣬ҫУûع𣿡
񽻷棬һɫĵף̫һּʱˣæС̫Ǹϣ뿪
ǧ뿪ıӰе⽥ɢֻ߽ͷռΪϲ졣뻹мµĴӣͷƱʤһԵϻм̣һ׾»ȹһЩͷΡ
öණضǻʵʹ͵ġ
ȻӵѪѪ֮ˣʵ۶Ҫͽᣬʵ˼ĺܡ
ǧĿջء
λϵǧٷˣæһǧղ̫ܹǰʥּЩ˶ΨӰ㵽ڸʲô
ǧ£ʥּӦǴɣȻڣ벻ʲôϵ
ǧٷᣬ㡭ԽԽˡ
ǧνʼ磬񻰣ҸղɵʦеҾͦùŬ
ǧٷһЦһȸ½֪ǷѣΪһɳ죬ֱ롣
ǧȭէֳһĨ⡣Ȼ˵ʦǻ
ǧٷûκβ˵Ҳ˵ղŹ˵ϵЩϴζǸģպ˵ɵСһЩʡķ
˺˱ˡ
ǧüβ
˵ǧٷɫֱ˱䣬ȥμӻʹᣬҲȥ磬ʡøǧҶ
ǧĵظŲյյӳ¶ȽָȾɷۺ죬ܲܲȥⳡǴ㣬ȥ벻ȥν
ʲôӻңҪȥҷΣڼ
ǧٷؾУѾּǧ˶ȥǲȥǿּּĻҲס㡣
ӲҪ󡭡ǧƵؽյ£Ӧ֪ˡ
ǧٷ㣬ͷʱһȰؿǧѩѩҲȻطˣǧ˴ϱȹ
Ů֪ǧѩȹ뿪
ǧѩһߣǧٷҲ䣬̧뿪
ǧǧˮûߣλ²࣬ؿǧ
ǧ뿪ǧβʵ۾ȻͣǲǲΪԼӵѪѪ



143 ʡ㷭ǽ

ƣǵͼƣ
ǧЦ߳صԼԺӡ
ǧ⿴ıӰýֱߵĲ豭ڵء
žһǧˮͷһӵ㣬ûҪΪһǧ˵һǻʼˣɾͲƯˡ
ǧԣɫÿࡣ
ǧˮգ۾ʵ㣬źĴأôһûˣ
ǧһʶǡ
ѽûˣƽʱѾͷܻźڲ࣬˵һЩҪʹͣԴǧҲδʲôҪ鱨ȴ׼ʱΪȴӰ
ǧЩǰȥЩ飬Ѿͷ̰棬Щ˰ɡ
ǧˮȻصͷԭˣһΪء
£
ǧǰˮеҲ㱻ƣôܣѾͷŲܳ£ҵˣ˭Ҷ֣
ǧˮüһҲԣǶϻطһ£õʱ
뿪˲þ쳣
ǧصԺӣϵѧԺװ£һذɫɴȹɴȹ翷׷ͬԵ廪
ǧķ˿ͨŶ
˿̣ǧҴſڿһˣѾ׼ˣǰɼҵΣ׹ǰ˵ӭ裬мĽǴ˼רãǶӦǸؤõġ
ǧֱεʼ磬Ƕ϶Ǹõġ
ֱˡ
漴ŮӵЦϣģ̌ǧС߳˶绨һ㽿ޣǰǧѩʸǸڣһ߹Ľ
һϮɫɴȹ϶żֻˣԳݵĲƽٸ߸𣬽ɫӱڷУ΢һն죬ˡ
ǧ˼ۣǻʵʹ͵ȹ
ôʺ󴩵ģ¡أ
ʱǧѩĿͶ棬ЦýվأʱҲˣôɡ
䣬߽õ
ǧǧˮһۣ̽ڶС
ǧʼ磬֪Ƶġ
ʹĽúܿʹ
ǧѩǽյĽ㣬һʳǱ㱻СΧס
ǧޱ飬ҲúЩС㹫һȥͤȱ裬˳ͷɡ
ƾżе·ߣͤȥ
ûãȻͤſڣɽյĴţǧһ½ǣ׼ǽ롣
ʱ֨߹һűˡ
µǧסɫЩΡ뷭ǽץоʵˬ
ҹƺ֪ʲôޱϳһĨɫǧС㣬㿪ţʡϴǽ롣



144 Ĳɻ

ǧšüؿҹǽʦͬ˵ģ
ҹϵľɫȥָֻһǣ˵ʱӦҪˣ㿪ţû뵽㻹ˣ㡣
ǧ꣬һɻɫʦ֪ҪΪΣ
ҹͤ˳Źϣ˵ʹձģסģʹֲǺϤĵط
ǧЩɫû뵽С˼һۿмܲס
ӣʵŴʦϲ˽ʣΪΪҿţһΪҪǽ롣
ҹŲ΢ͣڵ˫ǧ˼ۺǽĿջأӵ˼Ҳ²ƽȷʵϲ˽ʣȴ
壬ȥȡվȻͤ
ǧС㵽ʲô˱°
ǰգûذʱͲˣÿÿʹһӣɴǧС㷿ӾȻˬɫ⵽ʲô
ĪǧСй˱죿
ҹü˼⡣
ǧĻԺ򴽽ǣҲ˵ˡ
ҹ¥䡣仹ͬϴʱһ£ϵ̴ȼգһƢζ˳
ϣһ衣
һ˲磬Զ೤
ҹ󣬱ųȥˣȥʱŹϡ
ܿ죬оʣˣǧҲΣ˷ͺأ
ͣƬֽ̣ĿջأϺõǰҪһ𣿡
ǧݣҪÿˡ
ڱеˮ󣬱ݸ
ǧӹͬţʲôζûͣʦٸһǿˡ
οпŵĲ豭üͷһţˮǺζ𣿡
ǧüͷ𣬲Щ棬Žʬϲκα飬üͷӵЩɰ
ͷ۵һЦ⣬˵ʦΣ
νӹղ豭ֵһΡ
ǧü̾ЩȤֻζŲ豭Һβ㽦
ζڵһСˮҪʮңҪ˷ѵ
ǧһ٣豭µǴʦﾹȻĶˣͻȻǸӣĲǺˣ
δĿ䵽űָϣü֮ЩͣѾˣָ



145 㻹

ǧʶ˶ԼָνֻСˣûʲôĺײУץҵָҧ
νë𣬱Ǹ죬ʧ̬ˡ
ǧ֮ͫӳССõľʲôΪһֱ䣬ͦء
뵽շӣüͷ
ĦŲյƲζţѾëˣҲϰˡ
Ŷǧۣ̲סʵⲡа취ҽ𣿡
θŲյһ٣ĿҲ˼ֲ֮⣬üĿʹβ
ǧ򴽣֪Լ˲ʵĻæڴԲǲ˵ͱ˵˰ɣϾ£Ҳͺһ䡣
˳ָٴϲյ̧ǧⲡа취ҽεģЩ鷳һʱҲҽβá
ǧ豭豭ԵǷǳ鷳ɣȻӦѾκˡ
βɷá
õĳĬǧЩӦŷ嵭üֵۣʦովƶһͤ
νҶУС¯мľ̿һ֮ŽС¯ϣҵƶûдˡ
ǧüżͷĿƼͻȻŵİ塣
Դ룬žͽʺѪıҲ޹⣬ŵľҲһ
Ҳܽˡ
ǧĿ̫ȣָİ壬裿
ǧвǹ⣬裬𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷʱܽӽ裬ҼһѾ˼Ĺأٽڶֻ»ڲˣǡ
һ٣ĿٿͶǧϡ
ţü֮伫Ϊӣʲô顣
ǧգգ۾Щ棬ʲô
С¯ϵĲˮѾպãֽȡ£ȻҲûʲôֻѣҪһ¡
˵һͲ˵ˣġ
ǧü̾˿ˣͨҪˣҿɺã
ףιʹ˵ͷԡ
ǧͷһϲȴûбֳ⿴һۣ̫Ѿˣû뵽ͤȻôãٲȥǧЩҪʼ߶ˡ
Ҫˡǧվ˼ٿʵʦȥμӹ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˫ȥұͲϲ֡
ǧŴ꣬ѿڶϲ֣ǣһεҲȥˡ



146 ǲǸж

̧ؿڵһĨ⣬ǴΣǲȥ㽫òѡ߱Եʸ񡣡
һ紵һԵĴӶ졣
öĶǧ۾ƽ׷һ㲨һΣǵΪҲȥģ
üۣëʱ˿еǰɡ
ָԼһˮţƸݡ
ǧȻһĨ˵ζĦƸջĿ⣬ˣҪˣڡ
βŪеɲ豭̧Ӧڡ
Ӧǧƿž뿪
ҹЩˮȥŸߵϣͼǧˣŲһ٣ʵǧСҪ뿪𣿡
ǧϵˮ̣˳һƻǵģҪʼˣҲþôиǡ
ҹһƻһ飬ǧСаǧСеֻ̬治֪Ϊζա
عʱͼǧѾߵ˴ſڣƻһһҧţΪ
ҹԭأ֪Ǹȥһ˳ȥ
֪뷨ǧûͷڰֵˣԼһ˳ȥͳɡ
˵ţƿţ˲ûӰ
ҹԭվһᣬŶ롣ȥʱͿǰԱסһ裬Ƣ
ҹˮ̸ϣӣǧСѾ뿪ˡ
̧ī˫ƽ糣֪ͬˡ
ҹİ廹ڣ˿ãûԴһֽǧܵѪӵĲкôӽӶȻǰ
οҹɫȻ㲻ÿˣҵİ廹úϣ衣
ҹһ㶣ȻĿջأһ˲뵽ʲôһЩֹ
οʵ˵ʲô
ҹ׳ӣſڵӣǧС㷢ӣ˵᲻Ὣ¸ˣֲȷǲǸó֣
˫һ٣ƺЩ˵ģüҹЩǲм˵µġ
ҹ۲ζҲӾ˵̫߳ˣ
ȶʣηõü죬ǧС𣿡
û˵Ĭˡ뵽ҹķϳһĨۣеļֲ²Ҳõ֤ʵ
ҹ̿ˮСڵӣǧѩӵѪѪ֮ˣǲǸж



147 ڼɽ͵

˵ЩʱҹЩżõѪѪӵĲǱռȻɾ͵òʧˡ
οƽ˼ζȾɣǲѪѪдȶзִ硣
ҹ򴽣в⣬βʵѡе˻д
δ豭ԵĪ⣬ɡȱܡ
ҹ˵һɻ󣬵˵ֻܽɻʣһŶ
ͷϼɫ죬ͤеĻڷҡҷԵø񾲶á
ǧͤг󣬱ȥһϼɫ⣬·Ϊһʥߣʹʿȥ廪߹
˼㿴ӵӰҡҷһһһһŮ
ǧһ㶣Ķ㵽һ͵ʹľǳţοľĻ£ǻһһŮҪ˵ûЩʲôš
Ϊ˲Լ鷳Ժٳȥ
ӵԵŮվǵƺЩϤ
ǧһ̽ͷҪ̽
ʱӵŮ˵ǧ𣬾Ȼ˾ǧѩǰվںӵʲô
Զǧ˵ЩʲôȴƼϹЦݣ˵ʲô˵顣
ǧĦ°ͣɶڼɽ͵
ǰЩײ˾Ҳǧѩ֣ѲɣĸȤ
ǧһ䣬ЦŨһǺѧԺһţһʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣǸ䡣
ǧеؿڼɽϣʱʱǱȥͼɹؾڽ̸ûаľٶ
ü˲ȫ̧ž뿪ʱȻһֻůĴָקסˡ
ǧ΢㶣̧һֻ־뷴
䣬һֻҲקס֮ŨҵϢһǧС㣬ҲкΪҪҳ֣
ɤǧһ㶣ī裿
ȷڳ֣īſЦݺ㣬ңôһ˹ڼɽ
īԴһϮɫۣžڣ毺ãһ˫˫ϼɫ¸ů⡣
ǸꡭǧһۣѹҲûʲôǾɽﻹͽơ
ī賯ӵԿһۣȻЦһΪ͵ǧѩ˾ء
ǧɫ󾽣ǡ
˵ġīĦ°ͣӵʱڻһ⣬˾ƽ˵񣬵ҲһŮߵǧѩ˵Ц˴һ



148 ܹƻҵ

ǧƳͷֳī迴˼ۣ˼˾ӽͼ죿
ī֣۾͸ŷ޹ҿû˼ֻǾЩ棬ŮӺ˾ӣҲᱻƻ󡣡
ǧ´ۣ٩Ҳᱻƻ𣿡
ȻīˬһЦ޳ָͻȻǧ°ͣɤȾһĨͳܹƻҵĲǧѩ㡭
ָϵȶȴݶ٬ľٶǧɫ̹סָ⣬ЦȻˣ䱦ĲܷЩ۰ɣ
ī΢㶡
ǰ̨ƹ˵ƴ֣Ȼ˼ಢȥҲ֪;Ѳģ
ֿǣκſڵܴۣҲС⣬һǾ׬ˡ
ǧۣؽĵǲܴۣǾͱ׽
ī踧ŷֱЩίҲ̫˰ɣͲӭһ£
ǧü΢䣬ֲܴۣӭʲô
īűӣȻʧЦСѾͷǡ治֪ô˵㡣
ǧʼ磬ƳͷʱͼӵԵ˲֪ʱѾ뿪ī̧ž뿪ɽ
īֿ磬һѽڼɽʯϡɲǣΪŨҵϢ棬ǧһ̧ܿ˫չ
Ǵ˵еģɽˣ
ǧ򴽣ͼ˶ȴԾѲĽ
ҧгݣ˫һӿͷӵ£ʲô˼ҺûʲôԲɣ
īˬһЦûУСѾͷú˵Ҿֻܳ²ߣ˵Ҹоͦأ
ǧ򴽲һҲã̫ˡ
˵˰£ī迪ѯʡ
ǧգգ۾ü֮¶һĨڽûӵ²Ҳ˵ﵼʦǸûκǰ;
ҲŲӹˡī轫ǰҵ鷢ãˬʣҲǺ䶯½ţѧϰѧٶ
䶯½ţ
ǧ˫һ£ȻΪλ䵽˾أֱ⵱оԴʲôӵĹ¡
֪ﵼʦʲô𣿡ģ̌ʵø档
īüۣЦңĲ֪ˡ
ǧͷһۣٺ˵ˡ
īûıһ̶˸߲ҵֵ˵Ľ̵ʽ˲ͬһֱʲôΪѧԺû㣿



149 ʮ䲢

ʣǧٿ£üһֳīȥѧԺҡѲɣҲǺѧԺѧ
īһܣСѾͷǡϴҲǶ˵ںѧԺǻټ棬ˣ
ǧŬ룬ȴһƬãȻԲļǲˣϴ˵ʱҾûעɡ
ϸ۵Ĳӣī޲һѣסˣˣҲСѾͷƽϣ˵˵ʲôʽ̵𣿡
ʽð̣ǧ۵׸ֳһǳǳЦ⣬ƽһĨȥӶίΨʵսܷɿ
īĦ°ͣૣЩ
ǧӵˣӦýҷˣƼɲðɣ
Ϊβãīװü֮ȫ֮⣬ҾͦãҲʱشġ
ǧҧѱꡣ
īһ䣬˲˼֣ʵһæ
ѵüǧµʵŶҰʲôæ
ī֣һѿϻõһּΪѰûУֻӶС
ǧøЦȥίʵֵ
һ˲Сīü˸һЦ⣬ӶΪSSSҪӲɡ
SSSΪ⣿
ϴεSЩѶȣٶSҪˣ
ǧַʱ˲С˼ҺӣӦҲ֪ҵʵҲŸովѻϵħȼûôޣ˾Ͳ𣿡
ī蹴˸һ⣬ϵħĽһΪԵɣ
ǧ΢ҲƵó
ī轫ַͷţôţҵȼЩȻƵóǶټ
ԭˡǧеĽŸ˲ɢ
īͷһƷа棬˲ȾһĨ˼ǰЩֻ׵ĻϵħʦŹ˼գѾĽףΰ쵽ģ˵츳ˣ
Ƿţ
īü۵ʹ鷢µ˫纣
ǧβ˵ɿڴߴһôͻȻ֮䲻˵ˣڲӦüҼĶ𣿡
ī̧еһĨЦݣҵĶ飬һʮ䲢㿴Σ
ʮ䲢
Ҳ˵ʡ½ң˵һ
ǧ΢˲Ķˣģ



150 պ󲻼ɢ

ī˫ɾ飬һ˵㻰ңƭһСѾͷʲô
ǧƺϸϸá
īڻһЦ⣬ˬʵЦǧʣҲ»ϺȣɴɴѾ˵ˣϰûϵͽħˣĻϵħܷӳ׵׵㻹ڵʲô
ģ̌˲ֺĿϣɴɴЩˣ
īЦףͼһ廪ǳɷǺÿīһʱúŵǶͬһʦ£ƽʱҲ˵ϼ仰
ǧһԭˣȻҵĶǶʮ䲢ⶫǻؾǻɵ͸ˡ
īԣ΢΢ζţһ˲ЦȾۿֱǾô˵ˣպӶ㣬ɢ
ǧ㱻еЦȾƿĿãɢô˭
īļЦԻ취ͱˡ
Ǿòˡģ̌ɱżɽ˵ƣ򴽣ɫб仯ȻѾӦǲӦýҷſˣ
īЦŽſҾøղŵͦãΪһҪҷſ㣿
ǧûȹ߳ɽһȥͼϼɫѾȥȡ֮һҹĺڰ
ãȻڼɽڴôãҲ֪ῪʼûУ
ī轫ַţ˲õģʱỹûпʼڸϹȥʱá
ǧһ
˼粢磬ȥ
ߵſڣǧͣ˽Ų
īڰɫҹ飬ôͣˣΪβ
ǧվԭأûһҪ˼ӵ²ȥ˵ע⣬ƽĵѾˣ治һ̫ˡ
ī䴽Ц𣬡źȻԸһͬȥ
˵ţī룬佥ûΡ빬С
ǧԭصȴƬ̣Ҳ̧˽ȥһ˲㱻ڵĻʹ̵۾ۡ
ټ󣬽̻ԻͣڰϵĻƽз̴㣬ãλûڷĽ˿ľƼȣʢޱȡ
ǧԺ󣬲Ӧ˹еĽӡ
ϴڻ԰оٰᣬûʲôڹֱݻޱȣʵ۱ļΪǧѩ
ǧѡһ䴦£ЩСһύֻ뾲Զ
īܿǧλãĿͶȥüŪۡ
ǧһۣٽĿջ
īӱӣʧЦһʱһĵĶϣӵ£ǧҵǧ⣬ɻǵң



151 ҹ

īͼһǧվһ࣬毺õϹЦ⣬һһЦ
īתЩɻ󣬡ţǼ𣿡
ǧʧգգ۾Цͬһ使ĵӵ£ҵĵʦҲϹѧԺģĲǵˣ
īЦתһ˲ãȻҡҡͷǸĲǵˡ
ǧǸģСϱգ۾ֵǲǵҲ޷Ҵ˿̾վǰӵӦܼסɣ
ī΢㶣нڳһĨ֮⣬Ů׽ģ
ǧվ࣬˫ֽ߬ȹڲš
īϵľƱ˫飬ȴǰβڡ
˵ǧ򴽣˫պ޵ģηǳ
īûһסζоƱӵƻ˫תʱʹӨ
ǧʶīǱһۣͼ߶һǧ⣬ǧСϱһ˫ˮĪ⡣
ǰɣұ˶㾹Ȼī⣬⵹˼ˡ
ǧ˫°Ȼš
īƷǧĿ⣬׺͵ضգգ۾
һ˲ǧĿһţ˸Žӵƻ𾲾ӣ¾ô
ǧղԣͷʱͼڶӵˡ
Ȼɴ۾ҧ촽ǻ֮һŭҪӶӵ¶עһۣǷﳤöӣΪλˣ
ǧ߬˫֣ɳǧ˼ۡ
ǧӦ޹ӣīҪĿͶ£
ǧ䣬Ǳ۸һĿӿӵ£ͲȾˡ
īЩɻؿıӰŮô˵֣꣬
ǧǱߵ־磬õع𴽽ǡ˼û뵽ұ˶ƽ̱īʱСŮ
īֳǧЦЦͻȻƱ
ǧоƱٿһͶϣ붼϶ǧ⣡
۲תûһŽӹξٱī
Զǧˣ޵սϵľƱ㽫ˡ
㣬ǹϺõɾƱţǧŪˡǧˮѣ⵽ôˣղŻͦĵģ
ǧ⽫˻еŭӣұӵ˵û뵽ǷôԶŹӵ£˵ˣ
ǧˮ洽Цӵ¿ʲů⣬㵽ҲŮӣĽʵ֮顣



152 ǲǶԴ˼

ԣǧӿЦһҲ䣿
ǧˮˮֻЦ
ǧƱȻ£ɲǣҾˮ븹̵ŭɫΪӿ
ǧˮĴɫЩףײⷺʹŸΪˣǱصظµᣬǶӦø˲ǡ
˵㣬ǧһ󼵶ʣƾʲôʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣоµĺȫռˡ
ǧͷһƾƹ¡
ǧˮţһĨ
ʱʵۺͻʺЯ̫࣬ƣй͵⽻ӦԵƼΪƴ
ڵڿ񻶵С㹫Ӽˣæжߵݡ
֮ϣʵۻ֣һɡ
һ䣬ڵٴ
ǧڽ䴦źţ
ʱһ廪ɤϣǧС㣬Ϊڽ䴦ȥǧҵļλһ𣿡
ԣǧһ˲Ͷ˾˫ˮڣԾɴһϮɫۣ°ϸ¾֮С
뵽ղźӵԵ飬ǧЦЦ˸ϲ徲Ǳ̫ˡ
˾䴽ڴߵЦͬкµ»ãҲϲ徲ǧС㲻߰ɣ
ǧĦžƱ⡣
˾°ڣµü۷·Ⱦһ֮⣬úһŻ벻Ҵ㾹ӵѪѪ֮ˣվβʵѰȴֺϺŲԺ½Ҳ֪˰ɡ
ǧоˮµѪѪõܵõ£
˾΢Цҫ˫ϸˮһϵĴ˵ǧ֮ǰһλѪѪֱһͳ³Ϊߣǧ֮ѪѪٴγ֣Ƿܵõֻܾ䡣
ǧףԭˣҼҴƺЩش󡭡
˾üĿ󣬡ȷˣһʮŮصΪˣΪãÿʱ԰
ǧϴۣ¸Ũ˾ǰҾƺҼҴ㣬ǲǡ
΢ٵβ˾üͷһšһĨƲС
ǧΪǺˣ˫ֳͷ٩ǲǶҼҴ˼
ɲǣ˾㶣еƲƽЦͬҹյ£ˣֻǳڶԺ󱲵ĹĶѣûԵ˼
Ŷǧе²䣬ȴǵô˵ͻˣ
˾Ц
ʱʵ۵ڹ𣬡ʥŮǧѩ



153 ϵϹԲ

µ˲䣬һεԶŷĹУǧѩȹڣ̤ΡС
ͦأԼһһ䶼߹Ůȥϵĸٴζ죬ɫɴȹҷأ֮·ڵϻ˲ԵøΪŸ߹
룬ǧѩ΢΢˲䴹ͷŮߵ¡
ʵ۴վһߵǧѩ߽𣬡ʥŮضȸ½˵ĸҪҫ˺޾Ͳˡ
ǧѩԣ˲ܳ⡭
ʵ۶ɫõõġ
ǧѩתһЦ΢΢֧ӣЦлº񰮡
ʵļЦˬʣԺȸ½δҪеʹʦˡ
ǧѩз·׺ǹ⣬һ˿һ˸ͣ£Ůһʹһػȸ½ġ
ʵеЦŨصϣӸµ˵ʥŮ޽һҪ͸㡣
ǧѩЩãȻ
ʵ֣ɲǣмһ޴̶ϸһ첼ں첼µĶԼԼȴֿ͸ǽ˶ˡ
ǧ˼ۣ⵽ʲôǵأ
ĸλҲ滵ˣ׷׽ͷӶ
ǧһֱЦ˾ʵͲһ£
˾ǧüЩûв²⣬½óĶӦǹϼصϹԲ̣ⶫΨӵѪѪ֮˵ѪܿһͬСɣл֮ܡ
أ
ǧͣʵЩţǧǰĵǿⶫͳһµģ
˾ЦЦ˵ģɣǡ
ǧ°ͣһʱ䵹Ҳ˵ˡ
ʱѾ̷ŵǧѩǰɻת׿ϵĻʵʵ£Ǻα
ʵƱһڣſ˵еǹϼصϹԲ̣ΨӵѪѪ֮˲ܿʥŮЩ첼ƿɡ
ǧѩ㵣ϹԲ̾ǹϼصǸû뵽ȸ½ȶŽ첼ৡһƿ
ɲǣһͨںڵԲӳУԲϿһЩֵͼغ͹ϣǧѩ֣ЩظǰϹԲ̡
ϹԲŮֻڹϼ
ʵۿϹԲ̣ԲҵӵѪѪ֮ˣ޿ϹԲ̡
ǧѩһЩԾԾԣµ˼Ůǰ



154 Ϊβܿ

ʵ۵ü֮һĨȣǣʥŮʲô֮
ǧѩҡҡͷǳǳԼˣ£Ůûκβ֮Ե߾ȫȥɡ
ʵǼǧѩеϲɫÿҪʥŮ㽫ϹԲ̿ޱ㽫ϹԲ̽㱣ܣ㿴Σ
ǧѩٴָܳʧ̬ŮԸⱣϹԲ̡
ʵЦüΪοܿϹԲȸ½Ϊʢ½ǸԲ̴ǱԺ󻹸ҲʲôС˼
ڻʵοĿУǧѩ¸ҵؽָҧƣɲǣ̺ѪӵԲ֮ϣʱһﶼ۾ȴԲ̿
˵Բ̿ɢ߲⣬ΨؼƯһʢǵüǱؽ޺
ʵۼشվƺһΨʢ
ǧѩָ⣬Щš
ټĵڰЩ죬ԼԼģֻ˺ʲô
ǧ뿴ϷŪҲЩˣ̧мϹԲ̣ͼǶȫûʲô仯ɺͭ
˵ѪѪѪ
Ϊһ㶯ûУ
ǧ°ͣи档
Ե˾ۣ۲ζʱһ֮⡣
ʱȥˣϹԲûʲôλ̲ס˽
ΪϹԲûб˵ѪѪ֮Ѫܽѵǧѩݻдȶ
˵ǧѩǱβʵѡˣʵأ
Ѿ׵ıϵħʦʵǵöټУ
ǧѩŵúˮֱΪϹԲ̣ΪˣΪλǲУ
ѵǵѪҺ̫ˣ
ǧѩٴҧָɲǣѪӲ£˲佫ϹԲȾõǺ޵һƬǺɫҫ۴Ŀˡ
ǡ٣ϹԲûκζ
ǧѩ䶯ŴǣоԼҪƷˣΪʲôУѵдȶ
̧ͼʵ۵ɫһӣͷһеսָΪλʵҪôѵҲڻ
Ǳβʵѡİ
ǧѩļ٣һʱڵԼȫȥ˿̵һֻʱᱬСޣ
£ҡǧѩţһһĸڳˣٽѪӵԡ
ʵ۵ɸӣصϣǧѩһ仰δ˵
ǧѩʱһŲӴԶ
ҹĺɫߵУ¡
ʵ۽Ŀ䵽ϣٿסǴʦߵҹ



155 ʵ޷

ҹ΢΢̧ޱ΢ҹǴʦ΢ǰһЩġ
ʵ۶Ŀ⣬ɾһ䣬˵
ҹԾûʲô飬һϯ¸ĵЦʮ㣬ʦ˵ѪѪ֮ѪȷܿϹԲ̣ʥŮŸձȷݣ㣬ʶ޷ϹԲ̣»һЩӡ
ԣʵеĹȫеĸɫҲԭˣ̫ڼˣ޺ʹʦ˵޻ٵЩʱյġ
ҹվֱӣһϯɫڽ̻Ի͵ĵԵø룬£ûʲô飬΢͵ûȥչ˴ʦˡ
ʵ۵ͷӦʣʦʺá
ҹӦתܿʧããҹɫ֮С
ǧҹ뿪ķüͷ΢û뵽佩ʬΪǧѩ飬صؽΪʲôģǶ΢Щ⣬ֻԼˡ
ϵľƱ
˾ˣЦʣôˣڵ𣿡
ǧʶƱɿ˳ƵԣҾЩġ
˾Цͬ棬̫ģղŴʦѾˣֻʵЩӾͺˡ
ǧȻصͷţղҹ˵ûҲˣԭʵҪЩʲôǿɾ۾֮ˡ
˾Ц˳ָϵľƱˮڴ鷢µüۻȻ⡣
ǧûֽĿͶǧѩϡ
ǧѩҹĻԺ󣬱˲࣬ǽţǰкˮ£ǷŮϹԲ̣
ʵ۰ڰ֣ǧѩʱ۵һĨЦˣʦ˵ˣҲ֮ܲЩʱʥŮΪ޿ϹԲ̰ɡ
䣬ʵ۽йϹԲߡ
ŽԶȥϹԲ̣ǧѩЩζսȭͷ֤£һŮһʧ
ʵЦŨʥŮ޵ĺϢ
ǧѩЦصλϣԾЩζȻôǰԺôˣ
ͷһھˮĵ׵ĲʸŨҡ
ǧԴ£ǧѩһֻۡΪʵ޷ϹԲ̣ܾЩӡ
˼ۣĿջأ˵ûκιϵ
ʱʽʼʵ۽輧Ǵ
輧ɫɴȹ˿֮Ťϸ֫һһһһЦƹǵˮߣС
һˣ輧ǻ£Щδǧ˲俪£ŮЩϰһЩβλһ



156 ˰

һϹ
ǸŸվѻϵħǧȻҲõóֵĲգ
ǰʹμᣬηηڽһԣȫûһõóֵĲգĪǣھ˻ϵħŲշҲտЩ
۷׷ףǧüë
ʵҲĿͶǧϣʵǧϰʲô
ǧýоƱ£һתͷǧĿˡ
˶㻹ǣȻ輧ȽϣǰݣǱݲʲôȻֳܵ裬Լһ
ǧۣɫ˲ۼתͷʵۣ£ŮĶ˵òŮЩӵȷѧһЩ涫
ԣǧɵԭء
ԼвһСͲʲôգȻˬӦ֮ûаԥ֮ɫڴϰʲô£
ǧָ⣬һʱҲ²١
涫ʵһ£ЦЩ˵˵ʲô
ǧվӵ£ŮӿɺãЩ˵ˣɾͲˡ
ʵûа֮⣬ߣźٴЦ𣬡ǧȻƶ͸λһΣ
ǧͷһۣʵ۶˵ֱˣȨܾ
ףߵŮԸΪ±ݣŮȱټҪܲŮù֮
ʵ¸Ũˣϱīֽ⡣
īֽܿ׼ãǧÿ£ʱ㿪ʼддģΪ档
ǧۣЦŪ顭
֮ǧֽʵۣ£ܲ滭İŮ
ʵۿֽϵĶЩ⵽ǺǴδ
īע⵽ʵϵı仯һ㶺ֽϻõʲôü챦Ļʵ𾪣м˼ˡ
ʵۻ㻽̫ܹܣֽȥ׼׼
Ź˰ʱ̫ܹڱõĶٸ
ǧЩôãʵۿЩкŨ
ǧԲԲӷλãľΪ֧ţڵϸƽȣԲӻ鲻ת
£ǰӡֽһЩϸСִ𣬵ЩǷڣһһЩУҸ˺һݡ
˱ݵĶ黭ǺãȻʲôڣͬɡ
ʵĴãھʣ˭㣿
ǧ۾һĴףǧķȥ



157 ۾

ǧһ£ҿǧ۾ܸоЩ⡣
ŵͬСޣǧеЦŰƿ촽͸ɤ㣬ղżƼңҲͦϲݵģھóȫɡ
ʵҲǧ⣬Цǧ⣬Ͱһͬݰɡ
ǧⱾװ񣬿ʵ۵ĺֻܲ鲻Ըվɥãöô㣿
ǧֵڴ䣬ǳǳǧȴͬһħҪúܼ򵥣㶯Ҳ˵ֻҪúôڰϾͺá
Բúܴ㹻һˡ
ǧûʲôԽòζˣʲôдڰϾͺã
ã⻰ʲô˼ǧЦЩɰͰͣʲôдڰϣ
Ҳ˵ǧһβٿⷺ𣬡ᱻ˰ϣʱûὫԲ䵽ġ
ԣǧȻɴ۾ɫɷףǧ㡭
ȻΣյıݣҪ
УԲóѡ
£ʵ̫ƣŮʵڲСǧֱùġ
ǧװ㣬ڼʱһֱұݣʱôУôֲˣ
ǧ䶯꣬ǰٿĪ硣ʲôʱһˣ
ʵ۳ǧ⣬ȻһֱϰΪλҪƴǣ
ǧŵ˫ȲûСŮûС
ʵˣǧڰϡ
һ˲ǧͱ廨ˡ
ǧеЦôҲ䲻ȥҪģ鷳Ǿ͵оŭͳͷ
׼ѾãʵЩԾԾԣǧԿʼ˰ɣ
ǧشȹڴ˺һ鲼ϣʵЩȤһ۾£ӦһתӣֶĶŸд̼С
˶һ
ӣ
ǧǷӰɣ
۾ҲˣðӶǶ۾ģһ䵽ǧôã
ǧŵɪɪˣˣƽֲ
ʵ۳¿ţǧˮתӡ
ǧЦŽ۾ϣһööСķڼָ֮ת档ķ˲佫һö͸
նķڣǧŵñ۾
ֻá顱һǶУǧȻ
λ֪ʲôֻ֪иʲô˳ȥعıĻ档
ţʵţ
۾Ҳٶİӣ䵽ˣǧǹɣ
һѪӿУʵѹֲסе˷ܴã



158 

ǧ֪۾֪Լúûţٺ˿ʵ˷ܵһ㶣ɫҰ׵úͿһۡ
𣬱ˡ૳־ͷĺѹɻӦֻǷڵ֮
ಡһХķڶ߹𣬻δӦһöھѾǶ˰Сģ̧̌ƤӣԼԼһöǶԼͷϷλãǷƫƣԴҪˡ
ǧҲܲסŵ
ˣˣҪıݣᱻʵ۳ͷҲȥˡ
ǧˮתӣסҶ̲סڳ𣺡Ҷƫʹ˽㡣
ǧⱻŵ߻أʲôȥסŤ壬ͼӰѡ
ǧһ·ǧֿǣһĨǵЦӣؽз͸
ɲǣڼĶֱӴ͸ǧ첲ϵĲϣǶС
ϱڹ̶ǧŵòҶҲҴϢ
ﾹĺҪԼ
õ𰸣ǧſˮֻû¶˼֣Ҳһݵĸоӡ
ǧȻн˫ȣԼࡣ
ǧлöڣϸϸְţҲżٿ׼ٿ£·ʵڶһ㡣
ǧˣͷᵽɤ۶ˣʵڶ棬ֽžͲ
ǧ˫һᣬٿŵŲԭתһȦö˲ֱֱ֣Զȥ
ּ죬ֻɲǣǰһξʾ׵ĶƬ
īžƱͻȻöڣĿ˲䱻סĶϣɫȴᶨһ廪
Ů·͸վĶˡ
īȻʧЦҲͻȻ뷨һ
ǧѩ۲豭ڵǧˣЩζ
űĿķû뵽ǧŪһʲôڱݣͽڳ˵Ŀⶼȥֱ͸ˡ
ǧѩ㽫еľƱ顣
ʱöںХȥֱֱǧⲻԶİϡ
ˣûǧգգ۾زг
ȫ꣬ǧϵĲȡ£һ۾Ϳƣǧ⣬Цζ
תͷʵۣʵŮıѾɣ¿ɻˣǲˣҪŮٱһ𣿡
ǧɹȥ
ʵ۰ڰֵǱĲãǻϲҲٱݵڶˣıһξ͹



159 

ǧףǵģ¡
ǧһ˲˿
ǧˮǰһɰ󣬡㣬㻹𣿡
õͷţǧӰ˫һûվȣһקǧˮӣȵվãû£ʲô£
ǧˮһЦ
ϵĻʵ˼Ƭ̣ٿЦǧǧ⣬ǧˮǻ½ּ
ǧ£üͷҪּʵֵһ
λѾ£ǧĥһҲ¹ģƺͦ
ʵĦϵľƱֳڴصͣýյıִ̼ĴãǧҰһԣǧǧˮйͽʮһԡ
ǧ˫顣
ɴɴðңͷϴԼٶˣίɣܴīеõʮ䲢һ㣬ͷǱȽϿԣˡ
ǧףлʹ͡
޶˵ôʹͣҲΪġ
»ӻ֣ˣǶɣϵƼûԶ٣Ȳȥԣ
һصϯá
˾̧һõ˫ͫǧһ˲󣬾ûƿ˼
ǧЩڣʵ˾ǰΪңණ𣿡
˾Цҡҡͷܺãûʲôණ
ǧۣ㡭
˾ƿֱԲ䣬Ǿúѣ㾹Ȼôִ̼ĵӣҲʵû뵽ڵļã۾ҲƫҺܺ棬ʱûһŸУ
ղϵľٶ˾е̽Ũҡ
۾ϵĶ㣬ѵûһ㶯ҡ
ģ̌ʱͶ˫ӣʱݲҽţһſɾͻƫء
˾Ц
ǧüֵۣңڵļһܺá
δԽǰ֯ѵһܶ࣬ھһϰ֮ܿ׼ݡ
˾ס벻Կ䡣
ǧûʲôһϯ˵㿪ʼȳ
˾˼ٴסһĴҹţþ˺ȴ˿Դ³Ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãڽеβʵǲɢ󣬱ڹ̫ǵĲ뿪
ʵۺͻʺһ뿪ҵС͹Ҳ뿪һʱڱ岻١
˾͵Ŀɲ䵽ǧϣǧС㣬ڡ
ǧҾڡ



160 ͻȻ

ǧ˸ȹϵ壬Ҳ̧߳
棬ҹĻʹһԲ¹ҹգɴ䣬ڵһ׳̺ǧ˳ɴĹâſȥ
ſͣ˲ЩС㹫ǵģУǧѩĽΪڣҹĻ֣Ҳ֮С
ǧѩ˵Ŀ½ľٶϵζ죬½֯һɡ
ǧѩԽʮؽ£һʱŸΪء
ƣʥŮʥŮ
ϵȹ˵ǻʵ۱ʹͣϺõƽһСҪϰңҪ˵ôһˣǼҵҲ𡣡
ǧҪһɳˡ
һУǧѩųһ̴ľӣ鹴Цš
ǧߵſڣֶǧѩģûķݶ
ǧһ֣˲ȥ٣һǾ񸴻һ㣬ٴ˽
ʵҾõģǧλҲôͳղϱݵЩҵͦ
Ͼ˻ϵħҲõѧʸҲǴǰǸˡ
ҲǣǶܹûʲô˵ʲô
ĸͳЦһ˲ƱϿɣǧƽϰǵĶԶⷬһʱ侹ЩŤ
򣬻Щϳǧѩָͷһ˶ǧϿɣĶ÷꼸֡
ĹǷԶΪǿߣҲͼȡ˵Ŀ⣬ǧĴδ˳棬ôİ
ʱˣļªҲˡ
ǧüɲǣڴһʯͷϹŲȣʶץסһԵſ
ƽȣžڡ
ǧѩһۣȽüͷôˤء
ҹȸмˣܱߵҲѾȣûƻ͸ֱɫ֣мֱζ
ǧңǧĽô
ǧߵſڣݺݳǧһۣеŭɫΡ
ǧ޹ӡ
ǧᣬָıӵǧԺʰ㡭
˵ţڵ븮ڡ
ǧѩǧˮЯ룬ʼնûпһۡ
ǧνʼ磬̧ŻصԼԺ
ŸԺþʹӿռˣСѾͷղϱֲ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥղžԴǧ⣬ôС۶Сı۸˰
ǧ̫Ѩǰһֱ۸ҡ



161 Ϊڴ

צ̾ϢвԱУǸ޴Ůˡ
ǧû˵ʼרעһЩҩ
ľϣһʱûӦЩҩʲôѲɣȥ
ǧҩű࣬ŶؿռպҪͬīȥһSSSҲ֪ʲôЩ׼ûġ
֣뵽ڼɽڲĻ棬𴽽ǣЦø⵴ڼɽڵĹƼˣСѾͷµСһΣһī裬޸ǳ
ǧСƤôϲ˵˵ҰСɺã
һ͵צס죬𣬱ò˵ˡ
ǧɿ
һߣԹԲ˵ˡ
ǧʰ˼ŰȻ˯
īԼת˲ΪԷһǧ׼һųšյӶīǻûǧĴ䣬˼ȦҲûSSSί
ΪλûУ
ѵSSSίѹ׵ģӲʾˣ
ǰ̨ɣܼǻ̲סѯʣǧС㣬ûί𣿡
ǧҡͷЩͦģҽҪĿıǺͱӣһͦѶȵί񡣡
ɣһ£˫²ĪSSS񣿡
ǧЦء
ûãīɴɴһͬǰŮվһ˲γһ羰ߡǧˣ۵Ц˹ȥû뵽λɴɴС㣬ôλ˭أ
īЦӡ
ǧۣЦôŶҪӵİ
īЦգգ۾
ɴɴһǧͼΪУٴǰϵĴСҲɢ˲٣ǧû뵽潫ˣˣյǸڱ湻̼ʵģ㵽ôİ
ǧָָԼԴϣ˵һġ
ɴɴ䶯ǣһʱ侹֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
ʱһ˽Ӷᣬī۾һˣǵѾ롣
ˣ
ǧͷҪһ̽ͼһϮīɫԴüͷĪǣԴ
ʲô˶У˵ľۼذ
Դִżһһӵˣǵһֱ꺮ů˵˺һſϷҳ
ǧĿ䵽ϣЦҲѹ֣ҵĵճӣıȻ㡣
ǧԴһһֻըëСȫ䱸ǧô
ѵթİɣ



162 SSSί

ǧֻúЦаһƼڽȻӵģһ˼Ҿ˹һˣ
ԴŹȣΧкЩˣѿڶϴҾˣ㾹Ȼ۸ңթңҵﻤ鷳϶һģ뱨԰ɣ
䣬Դ̶㵽īֻè
ǧһΣҶûȤӵӵġ
Դɴ۾дֺͲţģ
ǧüڽʧȥġ
īɴɴһۣ˲Ц
û뵽Դ¼ǧ¶ҪǴȸ½Ϊ½ϵķ̸ʡ
ԴֲϴһӶǧңԭҪǧ鷳ɴɴ뵽յ飬ʱͦƣѾȫˡ
ԴǺңҵֻȥֹġ
ɴɴЦЦеĵ٩֮Ũ
еĵ٩Դ˼֣þһСϱ
ǧ˲Щ۾æתƻĥʲô˵Ҫί񣬿ǧ˷ʱˡ
īԲ¹֮ǰʲôҵĶУӦֽǰĶԹʱ£Ȼʱֻлûкô
䣬īߵǰ̨ЦɣܣϹأSSS񡣡
ɣָһ٣ɫӵ£㻹
ī˫ᶨһ飬ǵģΨҲ
ɣ̾Ϣѹ׵SSSίֽó
īЦŽӹл
ǧǵĶԻ󣬲Щ档
ɣܵĿīǰҲܹί񣬶ҲֹһΣȴûɣô֧һҪɵʲô
ǧͷĿ˲䵽īϣеЦͼᶨһӳ·𲻹ǰ·жѣƵġ
ī轫ίչֵǿЩϤһ񡣡
߹ȥԴ΢Щɵǧҿ̫
ǧĵصһۣԴ̱ŵ
͵͵Цִרעīеίֽίֽ˵ȥȸɭУѰҳˮ񵰣Ҫ֤񵰲ѡ
ǧȥ֡
񵰣SSSž˼򵥣
Դɴɴһɫ˲òҰֽǸɣ
ǧ⣬ɫ
īЦǸˮϢأˮһھŽңǳ



163 ˵ɽ


Ž׵ˮ
Ƿȥ
ɴɴԴٴζӣоӵ£ǸΪ˵ĵطǾḻӶҲ̤룬ǼҲ㣬ȼҲԸˮɣ
ī迴ǣЦⲻ䣬SSS۵ʱ򣬾Ӧ֪һΪֵ񣬲ȥġ
شͷ
ûSSSӶѹ׵ί񣬲ܼ򵥵ȥ棬īʱ򣬾Ӧ֪·֣вͻԨ
ǧ䲻̫˽⣬࣬ҲЦȥ
īǣΣѸˮϰԣųڸ顣ˮˮлϵħʦˡ
ǧһī赱˵ġ
ԭǣֵģЩΣգϲ̼ս
ɴɴ鸴ӵؿǧǧĽףˣܶԸ˾Ž׵ˮ𣿡
żվͽˣǧǱ̬
ɴɴڸӸӡ
īɴɴ⣬ԣϵħʦҪæסˮжԴ͸Ҷʱ·ҿǸл
Ⲽ֣żΪ
ɴɴԴʼЩһ뵽īƽǺܶ࣬һ֮ǳ˱֮ˣڸġ
ɴɴظӲͷƤǧħ޹ҶһССʲôµģ
ԴǺò⡣
ǧڽԴĪˣСﶼ£һ˾³˵ȥ涪
ԴŶһ䣬ҲŲ£ʲôȥȥһҪһֻˮ档
ԱȷãīǼǺú˱̤ȥ;
յȸɭַǷɢˣҲӶɭǸ˵ľۼأǶһͬԣǲҽɭ
˳ΪѨǽȥˣʬҲҲͱˮŹͷһˡ
ڡ
ټԶһֻſѪڵȴʳڵľ޴ޣֲƣڷҡͷԹ죬İ֪ͨδ
ɴɴԴ˵棬Щȥ
ǧޱ飬ȴǴżֺ棬ϴǧħ֣Ȼûɽ
Ŵ꣬Цţмˡ
ԴŸ첲ɥֹˣǸ˵ĶѨ
īȡӵȼѣЩȥɣˮĹΪǿ



164 ˮҪ

ˮûʲôһʪȽأˮЩʪϵˮԽͱǲڰϽѰ
ɴɴԴ֪ī붴Ѩ
ǧǺ档
īǰ·ȼյĻѽѨյ硣
ǧתŲţɽ̽źö֩Ļ֩ݷ룬ȴϹ̧ͷͺ̵֩ˡ
ǧһ㶣Ų΢٣͸˫Ƶ۾ܿණԴˡ
īŲʶԾȻͷ֩۾ǵ۾죬˲þ
ԣǧջĿ⣬һ˲ԴΣǰĻþȫɢ
ǧǰҲҿ̾ϵ֩룬ī裬㼰ʱȻҵʶҪЩ֩ˡ
īڴǵЦ⣬޷ڿǶеûɲС
ǧЦǳǳ
˰ʱûмˮټһʯͷסǵȥ·
ī½ŲţΪλᱻʯͷţǰʱûʯͷ
ǧ¶һĨȻ
ȻµòīȻҶĵμΪϤºˡ
ǧߵīԣȼղϵĹǰʯͷһ鷺ɫĴʯͷ沼ƤѪһϸСֺź˷ǳ
ʯͷ޴Ƕƺ޷
ǧûôʯͷƤ˲ˣԻ˵֩룬û뵽ʯͷҲ졣
ī轫ѵݸǧߣͼǰĴʯͷһ˲ʯͷ˿
ǧִѽټɽܽǷգΨбʯͷסĵطΨһĳ·ܶǷյģܾΨһĳ·ɡ
īۣ˫貣ȴƽһɻ󣬡ǰʱǸͦ·ڣʯͷǴӺζ
ˮϲ˴صôʯͷס·ڵİɡǧתͷԴԸһ£Դ󣬿Կܲƶʯͷ
ԴǺ£ȶߵʯͷǰ
֪ˡɴɴͻȻһŵԴء
Դʧʲô
ɴɴ˫·һĨǣ·ݣˮգˮԶɵСʱضҪԼһȻҲ룬ʯͷӦǵİɡ



165 ڵѪ

īȻ
ӣˮվڽգˮӼֵǸõʱ
ī蹴з·һӨ
ɴɴ˷ֵ֣ܵˮһ㼫ѷҲ꣬ûˮֻȡЩģ£ȡ߸շ̣ӦûӸˡ
ǧһЦһŵҪ꣬¡
ˮĵΪ̲īˬһЦοʵˮ񵰡
ǧţŪSSSԭˮ񵰲壬ȻǮˡ
ƴʯͷԴѯʵղǿˣĽʲôһмֵɣ
ī迴б仯߲ʯ߲ܰʯ
ǧ׵ı仯΢΢һ㶣˵Ƕʱ¶һĨкڱصãǼҪ߲ʯģȴ֪˭á
ǧЦЦܰǸõĶ
ɴɴԴһۣ֪;ɫһ䣬ȴ˼ɵʲôһһĻδ˵
ǵı仯ǧ۾Ƕ֪ģ
ʱ
¡һԴþȫŽʯͷƿ
ԴŶǰˮȾһĨ˶ĺΣʯͷʵ̫ˣ첻ˣһǽƿˡ
īǿЩȥ
ʯס棬һ֪ͨηͷ谵ǻǸµ·
ѭŵƻ𣬻š
һ·ԾûʲôƽþһͨѨãͻȻһֵġ֨֨ڶ𣬳ֶëȻ
ǧȻ½Ųûʲô
ɴɴԴһãȻֵû
ǧĿ⴩͸Ͷ䵽īϣͼִŻǰûаҪͣµ˼üͷдɻղŷǾȻûѲԼˣ
ǧЩƣ߻صҲȻֹͣ
Ҳˡ
ǧٴ̧ŸǵĽŲ
ડ
ડ
ԭнʪһζ˱Ǽ⣬ڽµҺҲһճУǧŹ֣ŵζǡ
ԴĨһٿճȵҺָӣŹһ򣬡죬ѪطȻѪ
ָⱻѪȾһƬǽ塣
Ĳҽͣ½Ųɴɴһָ⣬ɫҰף쳣ΪλѪ
һȻѪǧɫݣͷʱͼѪǽӣһ˲ŨصζŻ
ǧͷһòԾȫԱ䱸طйŹ֡



166 ʳѪ

ǧĻŸ䣬ϸϸܵġ֨֨ϡ
˶䣬㽫˵ĶĤըѣæס䣬ͻʱ֨֨·ܽ˵ķ顣
˷صʱһϸСĺڵɽ˷˶£ڵٶȼ죬գ֮ʹܵԴͷ
ԴŪöĤۣȫûע⵽ֻüЩأʲô̤סˡ
Դû⣬ɤʵ⵽ʲôֵҶۡʲôҧҡ
ҵľĤæԴǱ߿ȥͼ
Դļϣ֪ʱѵʮֻʺɫǵʹͷʳѪ⣬һϸ۵Ѫһ¾ǿУǳŷѪȴƬһ㣬㤣ģŻ
Դɴɴŵ̱ڵأɫɷףʲôΪʲôڳ⣿
ɴɴ˫ֳŵأŵֻԶԴһ˲ָȾѪɫճȳѪҺֵԴѣ
ֱǸ޵
ɫʳԴѪ⣬Ұңҡ
īһѽӶǧУֿȡռڵļϵĺɫȥ
īֿ׼ĽûǵУһ£ڵƺúܲġ
1
үˡԴԼļŵһݡ
ļҧȫһһѪɭ׵ĹͷԼɼԴŵûѪҺһʱ侹ȻֹѪѪҺζƮɢС
˭ѪȸԿѪǧŵϵʬ壬Įڡ
䣬̧ʱͻȻɽǧӰ˸˸æһ̽ɲǣǧ˫ĺ۾ӳС
ǧӵɴͫ׽ЩǡͨѪ
ȻȫϢɽˣ֮ࡣ
ѪҺζϴݣǵɽ˵׵̰ëȻ
ǧȻͷȵЩԴϵѪֹסɽкöѪŵѪҺζҪͲסˡ
Ǳѣǧ㳲ȫǷӦĻᡣ
һɲǣɫǵأǶͬһĿ꣬ǾԴԴԴϵѪҺΪ̲Ķ
ԴƿϮǣ̱ˡ
ͻıʣīɴ󣬲ܿ췴ӦŵϵɴɴȵɴɴϵħȻԴҪϵˡ



167 Ľ׻ϵħ

ɴɴƬ̣һɫħڡ
ɲǣѩǵأѽµѪҺᣬҲԴϮȥǶסˡ
ʱڲѩˮ˷
ԴŶԼǰǣһлǣлǣһΪҪˡ
ǧһۣüͷԴܽϵ˿ڴһ£ɴɴϵħӦ֧Ų˶ãʱҪΪǹĿˡ
ԴһɫɷףȡһѪ£ɴ򵥵İһ£Ѫڸǵ
һ֮վѪѾֹסˣǿЩ߰ɣǧΪ׺ҿҪŲסˡ
ɴɴѪĨȹϣͿٴӵ˫ɲҰֽȴֶ˼־ǿͼᶨԴĿߣҵıϵħҪ֧Ųסˡ
˵ţֻáǲһ濪ʼѿ
ǧüͷ¡ߣ
䣬ֵͬҰٳڳȥ
һӣıѩȫѡ
õͷŵڶʳѾܣ˺ѷεؽúŵ˲ڿеѪζ㳯ܵķ׷ȥ
֨֨ٴͬһħļ⡣
Դȥͫ׽׷ˣ׷ˡ
ǲԶĵطһȺѪ׷ᡣ
ֽǧ侲üȵҪ棬ǰܣһôҲΣա
ԴջĿ⣬ӲͷƤǰܡ
ǵķٶȼ죬һ˲Ѿϳǧ΢㶣ȴǵĹǾںʲôһֱƹϮȥ
ǵչĹ˷϶ٶһЩ˺ۡ
˺ۺ޵ģżζѪǵ̰
ûб𹥻ǧƵվԭء
ΪûѲɣνŮ⻷
ǧüЩԼãбʲôԭ
ܿͻȻеĻӹâŨڻͣƬ̾ϷߣǸʧСģӳУȻʡ
»
»
ǧЦӿٴ߶ͽ׻ϵħԭ
ɲǣǧСƯҲȾһƻ⣬ʹ۵ұ
ʱ򡭡ƯĻںϣγһҫޱȵĻ࣬裬ҵĻâ÷췢̣ǱѰ
Ľ׻ϵħϵͽ׼ܣˣ̫
ǧīɫ˿ڻз裬̬廪ͬŮǲ»Ҿ¸



168 ǰȫû

䣬Ʊ˵ĻֱϮȥ
֮ϵˮɫ˲䱻ɣϵ·Ҳڻɴɴŵֵס¶Ĵ⣬ǧס֣ҵ·
ɴɴæϵ·ʹڻٶȱЩ
ǧܲˣĻϵħǿң·Ҫ·Ҫ
ɴɴ䶯ǣʵûƢˡ
ҵĻϯͣղŻڵһ¾ˣǶ±ĻѸٳ룬ڻʲôζζģȱס˵
һһ˸ûӰҪǵϻżսʬ壬ĺղεҼҡ
Դһ̱ڵأﰡˣղһΪҪҪˡ
˵ţԴһ۵üУӴˣҵ϶ˡ
Ϻ۱鲼Ѫ죬Ÿˡ
īɴɴҲòȥһ۸һǱ
ǧǿһۣҲٽϵĻâˣðɣ
ɴɴؿڣһˬǧ˲ͺۿȻûҵ·ôȥ˰
ǧȡռȹĳߴӦúҲ࣬ȴӦӦɡ
ɴɴӣٽȹϣúǧͻȻ𾪷ǳôһ˶ûУ
īԴҲһŹ֡
ǧ͵еĻӰңҲͨӲ֪Щ»𣬸ղͷŵĻΪ˸Ⱥû뵽¹ܲ
˳ĬǶлϵħʦֻǺѴѣ˿룬ǿ
ɴɴſˮǧ߿£ҷһ߾ξ޴Σնᱻƽϴǧħ޹һ
ǧֻЦ
ī轫ϵѪ۲вõЦָǧʱ˫ǳһĨ֪
ǧ⣬ٿƿ촽·ɡ
Σȥٴ̤;
ǰ֪ͨη
ǧīıӰ̲סʵī裬ղſʱ¶ݵ𾪣Ϊϴʱͬˣ
īһ٣ܿͷǰǰʱͬˣøΣˡ
ǧ°ͣૣǸղ˵ˮ˻ΪСģǰ·λҲ仯ʱҪ׼ôˡ
ⷬ˵ûʲô
ǧؿʯڣʵī裬ʵǿΪλȡˮ񵰣
ɴɴԴһۣŵĸСѾͷ̫󣬾⡣
ī˫ȭŲ΢٣κ𲽵ǰҴ̬ûǺãһΣǱţʹȫû



169 

īɤûǰô죬żֳ쳹
ɴɴԴȫûԺŵôҴɫǰ׵Щѿ
ǧΧճأ򴽱ǸԲʵ¡
īҡͷлָЦ⣬޷ҲѾȥˡ
ǧ˻һҪı飬ģÿԱиԵ˵ʤ㼫ֻҪ̫Ĳͳɡ
ɤ˪Եá
类ˮ࣬˲˲١
ɫָǧĿջأǰ
һ·ûΣգͱȺŪ£Ҳиˡ
˼һŹâ͸ʯڣӳ
âʢ󣬽ѵȸסˣǧЩӦæӵ۾ǰӦ˹ŽŲ
ǰʲôطǧī衣
ī輤֣һƹΣҼǵطǰ治ԶˮϢˣһҪŲǧµǡ
һЩΣۣʤִˮϢأڲսĿʼ
ǧս˫ȭŬ
ɴɴԴ˵û㵭Ҳܿ˹
һ׼ԺŵسˮϢؿɲǣâʢ󣬺ǧ֮ӣ⻪ǧ
ɹϢǱǧ̽ͷţͼѵúܸߵֻˮһ𡰹ţǺҪǰס
ǧָָ棬ѹҪˣҪȵȵȣ
īͷͼһԵûз񵰣һת̸ı⣬ˮҪӼΪΪԷһǻǿЩȡЩû񵰱ȼۺá
ɴɴͬˮ񵰾ǲôʵģҲΪֻ̲Ҫ񣬹²ء
ǧ˫ǣãǾͳ
ī豻Ц֣˵˼Ļһȥעˮж쳣ñϵħǶסǲУûϵħ濹
ԴָָԼУأҸʲô
ī΢Ƭ̣ȥĸطҳһ·Ҫȷǵطʱ
Դ̳ȥѰ·
ǧɴɴмš
ī轫Ĺ˺ɲǣһö˶˵Ľ۱˺˾װжǼΪġ
Ǳ룬ֱһԵˮ񵰡
һһԽԽˡ
īſˮͷЩЩ
ֱˮӳУīųħ֣ʱ򡭡



170 յ

ǡһˣŵȫˮ̡
Ǹճ⼸ֻˮëЩʪģƤŹ񣬿ġ
īܵؽջô粻ƫƫʱ
ҧüͷʱֻ͵Ǹĵˡ
ǧɴɴΪ˳УȴǼžȻˣҲ֪ɺϻʲôܸо񲢲ôס
ǧָ⣬Ŀڼֻ
ƺͦīģ
ǼĽˮ˹ǧסͷᵽɤ۶ˣֻϣī費Ҫֲźá
ī񣬲ΣպͿһߣɹˮߡ
ˮͱɰסˣܵõī裬ֻι˼ֻСһЩʳ󣬾ͼصµ
ǧָɿ˿
ɴɴҲ챻ˣī谲Ȼ˻һ̱ڵء
ǧһѽסǧѣī軹ָǵ֧Ԯ
֪ˡɴɴګګͷ
»صѵˮٴһƨŤŤȶţʱһſԲ䵽ͷ֮˲佫
ǧţϲһƬֿԼˡ
īһƣԺĳһߵŲȥ
Ѿ޴ֻҪСͲᱩ¶ټˮȫľϣûʱ
ԣī̧ͼһԲǰֿɼ
ī̿ˮ󵨵ؽ̽Уеָ⴫ݣܣۼֿؽȡָռڡ
ʱˮרµȫ֪ԼҺˡ
ǧһʤơ
īõ裬˫ǣþòٴ̽ѣһĨȴʱһԲ񵰡
ϲѣҪȡָռʱͻȻһڶѨͻأʮ㣬ܳƳ磬Ӧˮ
Ĺȴǿ֪ٱڴʱܻʳ£ΪζѨл
ī豧񵰣ͷʱͼһž޴ͷ­ǰ֡
¶׹⣬һ˫ӥӣ·˺ѡ
īܵ˾ţеӦء
顱һ˲ҲˮעһīΪʸ֮ģ
ǧĽвãָŵؾһ𣬡ɴɴñϵħסǣҽȥīŪ
Сİɴɴҧǰˮðѹ󣬡ҵıϵħҲ֧Ų˶õģҪһЩ



171 

ǧռڵѪ﷨ȡ
ɲǣ̺ɫķȱ¶ڿУѪޱȡ
ɴɴƳͷһۣһƬȺ
ǧһۣʱ㶡
ɴɴȻջĿ⣬һɲǣѩǵؽҪжĴǱסˣڵȼ޴ڵѪҺٹҪ֧Ųסˡ
ǧһִۣȻ߽**
**ˮĺ죬ī豻ķξۣȫѪҺҲֱԴ壬ûһԴη͡
ˮۼʱ죬צֱī£ۿҪ̴ţʱ򡭡
һƾޱȵĻԭ˲佫צճΡ
顱һצأˮ۵ú
ͻȻīͷʱ򣬾ͼǧվڲԶ
˳гһѪ취ȣҲƣǻͬŵĻʹȥӾƯ绪ޡ
һеŮī΢һǣôΣգΪλҪ
ǧݣΪ˴ߡ
īһ㶣۲˸ͣ
ǧ˫һᣬʤ׷ҵĻֽյֱС
ͬ·ɱĳҧֱӽˮˣĻϵˮϵĿǣˮһʱûл֮
ߡǧһѿסīʱֳһ
īľٶֻ֪Ϻ㣬һŮص㣬Գ
ǧ󣬱ܵٶȼ졣
ˮҪӣе׹ķųٴγϮȥ
ǧһ٣Ѫ﷨һէ֡
һǣ죬ֱˮХȥ֮˲佫ǵա
ıѩѸڻˮõͷţճ񵰱ˣ̷Ϊҵ
Щɶ࣬˺Ǹճĺˡ
һӣüΪңɴɴԼıڻһѪ³Сˮļϸɣ
ǧīܵѨ⣬ȵɴɴܣˮǷˡ
ɴɴѪգģ
ǧڨڨһЦȴֲҶͣôŽˮɼܣûôɵ
һͻȻһϮ˸ΪĶѨС
ǧһʱûӦаɱ
ԴӴİĿ⣬ŵôҴǧңԴЩˮɱְ
䣬һ飬޳
ǧͫһסͣ棺Ϳ޳ˮǻͷѲӣҪǱǷ֣һɡ



172 Ҹ˳˼

һ˲ԴɫҰֽȴԵüίŬ򶴾Ϊǣû뵽òмвһ̫ͨˡ
ʵˣǧŽɿ
һõͷţԴѸԶè
ǧһۣЦղŵ⣬һΪдΣһ˼Ҿ񿴵һǲ̫Щ
ǰ仰ģԴԭǷԴɫһͷСƢ
ඣ
ͷĶСڶ**˲˿
ɴɴЦӯӯһԴϣԴôҵɽģɽӹ˽١
Դֱָָϵļ⣬NɪһһִģȻּʯڣֻۿķݶ
ɴɴĴָһɫ
ʱѨִһ󶯾
ǧйѹ㿿ʯϣҪˮ񿴼
䣬˲Ÿտʯϣһֻ޴ڶѨڣӺĿ⾼ӥתʱй˵Ĺ졣
ǡˮ۾Ƿɽˣ
ɴɴԴŵɫҰףȶ˺һŲԼг
ˮͷһûʲôˣųˣͷòֳ뿪ʯڣһ
ղŶŷˣֻȻŶѨһΪǻᱻ֡ɴɴСĸζϹŽٺЦݡ
Դ̱ڵأһ仰Ҳ˵
īϯضĶ**һ˻ںڰУƲУղǼΪϧѾõڶˮ񵰣ȴ뾹Ҷ˵ϣȻֱһ죬಻ۻȥˡ
صɤڶѨлصǧ̲סһۡ
Щġ
ǧĿջأһЦ⡣ȫ
ˣԴɻ󲻽⣬ôᱻģ
ɴɴʶǧһۣǧĻ̫ˡ
Դǧ˵Щʲô죬һŵٲ˵
ǧǳǳһЦ˫⣬˭˵ˮȫˣ
ī迴ڴżɻ̽
ǧ˳ˮ񵰣ڵϵҸղųʱ˳ģϵĿţÿԿˡ
ī费ͷһһΣӨͬˮ񵰡ǧģҵĸǡ
˸ЦУƱ˴ӾԵ˻һůȼиȾ
ǧܸȾǳǳ޷ҶҰ£һж˵



173 ȥ

īйâӿ飬䣬Ҫл㣡
еϣǧֻЦ
ī轫һˮռУЦⲻ¡
ǧʣµ񵰣ЦʣʣţҲ֪⵰̲ǳԲԣ
ɴɴԴӣһĨ˷ţԣҪԣǻδԹˮʲôζء
ǧߣӣûϵħ񵰿죬һ˲嵭ζڱǼӣǵ˴Ҳƻġ
ǣ۵ĵӳУƱƽԵü͸󻬣һҧȥʮ㣬ޱȣǧҸУֲҪǮȡˮ񵰣û뵽ˮ񵰾ζ
īӨף˼΢΢һ
ʲôǧһۣԵ
īٽĿƿһҧе񵰡
ŵ꣬ǧĹ͵ĶӣʵߣһȷûκΣߣ
īˬʣٴһɣϾŽ׵ˮѾǣһ˼ȼ͵ô޴
ǧеͷ
ɽϢ˼ʱ˼ͷȻû˶Ҳ˵ΣѾͷһϲ뿪Ѩʱķ߳ȥ
һʱһҫǰ
˳Źߣܿ߳
ͷãһչ£ǧǧ˿յӨ⣬ڶһ£ԭǾдһһҹ
ʱǰ죬ʱҲǰ죬Ǵһһҹ
뵽зһУǧЩ£ؿڣһ
īӭչ֮£ˬʵЦȾģѾɣǶǡ
˵Щʱ⽫ĿͶǧϡ
ǧװûݵػܡ
īܵؽĿջأʧЦ߰ɣȥ񡣡
ǧһƣػصԼСԺнںѧԺѧϰʱ鷳
ƿڴϣ׼ҩԡȥѧԺ;ƺȡ
û룬ǧЩԾЩ˵ϢȻ۾һƱֶ
˭װŪЩ
Ļһ䣬һݲȵĽŲԶûͷɽ
ʱһҫ½ӳͷ׳ʱһı㡣ߵľߣӸµ⵭Į죬ȥˣ
˾ǷΡ
ǧɴЩţ۾ˡ
üڴƣò͸˫Ҳż־뵡˲ǣջпϮ
ɾĮ޲ȥˣΪۣ
ǧĿһתżͷ˿ʦһƣ۲ڲŮڴϣһҲģ
üβ
ãûκǧ죬ϵƣɱ۾
ŸһСһ漴Ӿͱ뻳С
ǧȻ˫һžµĲӳУüۣҲʱԵø
㶣ƽȻ֣Ĳգɤˣʦ̲ס𣿡



174 

ϵļ⻬ϸ壬˰֡
ǧưִУֹ٬ˣڵϷСһ
ʼޱ飬ƽڵ˫£·עһϷСͷòڡ
ǧüСֱӴսıӣʦôͲ˵ˣǱҲ¶ԺˣΣ
ԼֵС֣ɴԡ
ǧ˲ʧȤʦ֪֪βĮ飬˺ܲˬ
ϵȶʧüͷһܾЩʲôƵġͻȻսͦıǼ⣬ɲǣ˺Ϣһ棬ѡ
ǧû뵽˸ף˫˸ͣԵЩ顣
ûˣȥˣ˷ʱֻС¹ײ֡
ζһʱľӺǿɰüᣬҪΣҪ¶ı飿
˵ʱٴһһ̼ļò˼ǧĿƣ򶨵¶һһı飬ôĪ⡭
νëһ⣬Ī⣿
ǧһ˲ֶ˫ڵ۾ޱ飬˵ӣͼΪĪ˲ˬ
ۣЩ⣬ҴӶˣδ˵ҡ
Ҳû˸˵
¶˴֮ˣֻ£ֻɡ
ԭģǧЩЦԭˣҴˣ
οҲ
ʱ˵ıǼһʱһĵȫǧŪرŤҪ롣
νϸסüĿ嵭޷绨ѩ֮飬ղŵĻ⣬죬ȥ
ϵıǧһ飬Ҳ˲Щʲôҵ٣
ζüۣ嵭ڵ㣬ٳٲ
嵭ɤУ˿ȴƽ˼º͸Уձٴ
ǧɴ۾дżֲ˼飬˼˵һֱң
εɫ䡣
ǧ޷һݲȣ˸һˮ⣬ˮʱױС¹һ㣬ΪҪһֱң
νſİ壬㶫ٳٲϾû뵽ˡ
еİ壬ǧ˫񿴵ͷĿɰСң㲻ǲ𣿡
׵Ĺ⻪Ŀһָоܲ˼飬ѧԺԴսüޣϣܰﵽ㡣



175 üۼɫ

ǧͷһ·¶ۼ
ͷ¶ȣǳǳЦİ廹Ǽʱ꣬ζҪҽġ
ⶨã
ʶԼ˵̫࣬ǧ͵ر͡
˵Ҳûпڼʡ
ǧŪŰ壬̧һۣƽղȥĶʵȥīӵίȥˣSSSίͦ鷳ġ
SSSί
ͫһĮٴòŶϣǣȥҳˮ񵰣𣿡
ǧһµؿΣЦû뵽ʦҲӶί˽⣬˲òࣿ
еĴ֮⣬Ծޱ飬͵ûпȥ˽⣬SSSѾ˺ܾãīҲȥΣȴʧܶ飬ö֮Ҳ˽⵽˲١
ǧü۵ʹ
īί飬Ѿк֪ܶˣȴִ֪Ӻζ
ģ̌˲ϸüۣίĽ߲ʯӵ¶Ϊִʦ֪Щʲô
ƿһˡ
˭ǧ档
γƺ˵ǹڵ飬ö˵
ǧʼ磬е±࣬Ǳ㲻˵˰ɣҲʣûʲô˼
ٿ֣ţţЩ±ͲҪܣֻʵԴս϶Դˡ
ͷлҪ
û뵽־ٶǧٴסͷϵ뼡֮һĨ˵ĵѡ
Щ㲻˵Ҳ֪䣬ǧꡣ
νÿĹıǼ⣬һĨٴϮ
µıԣǧȻ񣬲ɫغһξ룬ˣû뵽ȴõˡ
ҧأ԰ա
δӴɫķ˿˲ڼͷ߶䷢˿ΣһǵС
ģ̌һۣʵʦҪˣ
ε续üһĨɫţͤлкЩҪҲôԴսһὫȡߡ
üۣǧ΢㶣
ղţüϺĨɫ֣ȴͬ꼻һ֣·ֹ
η䣬ȥ
ǧ񣬿űӣղŷεüۼһĨɫɺܿûˣĪǿˣ



176 ǵĿ

ǧͷû׸ղǲǿˡ
ҲûپᣬվѧԺķȥ
󣬰ϣôҲȲǧľˮֱʱ˶˸ˡ
ȾƣûƺȻɡ
ǧϵСľݿı龰ʧһЦҪǿĶӻΪѾˡ
ﵼʦ˯𣿡ǧǰƺ«еĻɢڱǼ˳
ᶯűӣһͦ˲մȾŻϲɫǶõĻƣСѾͷЩѾƺ«Һȼڡ
ǧѾƺ«һѽӹ͹˺üںžԼˣСѾͷҶϰˣ㾹ʱƶˣ˯ͷˣǱΣ
ǧԣЦǳǳû˯ͷǽһͦѶȵ񣬴һһҹɡ
һãµʵɺ󣬻᲻кЩң
ǧҡͷ͸ɤɺûнңǵõ˶ʮ䲢ﵼʦ֪һ䲢Ҫʮ֮࣬Ǯ
ʮ򣿡˲ѣӵɴ󼸷֣һ䲢ҼľˮǮҼǵǰһһ䣬ʱǼˣ
ǰһ
ǵû¡
ǵİɡǧϣɫɴȹڵأӲͣ˻ѵõʮ䲢Ҳʡºöңﵼʦƺˡ
˫𣬸ϼ
ǧҡͷһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ƺ«£ͻȻ˵СѾͷղѧԺ֪ͨЩȥѧԺϣҪʼʲôؿˡ
ˣǧ΢㶣ʲô
ڰ֣һµӣ֪ѧԺƶһֱڱ䣬ҲЩ궼ûȥ˽ˣ֪Ҫʲô
䣬Ⱦƣ˫
ǧܵؽĿջأ֪ףôǷʳˣ
ǧֿһ̧ۣ뿪
ѧԺкöۼţһϤףǧɫݣֱߵһ䴦վãйཻ
ûãѧԺϹʦľ̴ʦ߳һֽҲ֪ʲôģܾòʲôֽͨ
ǧһۣٽĿջأ׼䡣
ʦվڴ̨ʱһҲֹͣ˵
Ϲżͷ˿ģҲ֪Ŀġ
ǽͷӶ˵ʲôˡ
ϹתĶˣûҪˣⳡ˹ϵܲܲμºԴս



177 Ѳ

һǵ
ⳡ˾ϵºԴսǵδţҲ˵ѧԺ涨
Ϲ¸̨ҫɫɴȹ裬ϸĴ֣涨Ǹղֳģǲ֪ҲпԭϾڽѧԺѧˣԴȴΪϡȱǿʳÿطҲ⣬ϡȱԴȻҪǿߡ
ľ̴Ĵȣ޲ýɴȹȥ顣
ⷬ˵üеһû̫
ϾⱾһǿʳ磬ԴʲôģҲֻǿ߲ӵС
ǧЩ˯ЩԺ˲һ顣
ȻԴսǣǾҪͨˣҲ֪ЩֽʲôģѵҪӵĿ
ϹһѧȻʵοһЦֵǿ˵ݣǿһҩݵ֣иħ޵ϰԣʹµΧ
ģ̌һۡ
ȻҪֶȥͦ򵥣ӦÿͨϾǸҩʦӶЩ𲻳ǻˡ
ȻǶûʲôھͽӷϹеľӷŵÿһУÿһϵܻƮɢ
һֳŮ˵ζŨջУ˻ζ
ľ̴ʵزҿԴȫЩɫ
ϹŤˮһߵǧǰǰĵӣҲյһӣǧʧ
ǧӹӿһۣͷϹٵʦģһʧġ
Ϲ뿪
ӣǧ֮Ĺϵ϶򵥡
ʱһžӵͻȻڵϹٵʦΪβʥŮǧѩǰˣѵͲÿˣ
Ϲĵؽ͵ʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣޱȣҲмӣԣձµ˼òμӿ˱Դ
һٴλȻȴΨ
ϹһԵȼΪһĵʱʱһһὫǵľߡ
䣬Ϲ£۾ǣԷֹס
ľ̴ԣϵԳ
ǧչٿһɫϵƽʱѧϰħ飬Ӷ˾ķᣬѲ
ִʣ±
ЩѧҧűʸһգǶҵĻ䣬֪ħ޵жǿ
һʱѵϹߣ˽ǶȥϢɡ



178 

ȼ򣬺ͱߵľӣһЩѧͷ˳ȥ
ǧϵëʺ̨Ҳż߳ȥ
ãղŵĿ˼ѣƽҲ½ϵĵ伮ӦǺѴİɣǧߵԣĵ˲ϡ
ǧ۶û
ǧϹҲסɫ쳣
ǧˮˣæԲɤ˲ȥ۸㣬˵ɣǰȷûʲô鼮أ
ǧһͱԲˣ⼸Ҳδʲô鼮Ҳǽ˻ϵħΣһûã
뵽ϵڱݣǧһ޲ý˺ˡ
ǧˮֿǸһʱ䱻Ūø˵ˡ
ǧϵĶպã޲˵üǣƽȷûʲô飬ӦСС˻ûģǲǿԴġ
ǧۣ׷һ⣬ðʲô
ǧڣͱ֮˭Ŀ˳ɼȽϺã˭Ҫˣ͵ýԼԺõıóҪѧԺʦǰ˵Լ
ǧΣע涾
ǧ񣬡ԥǲң
ǧɫ䣬ָһۼȻֱ֣˭˵ˣС𣿡
ǧ̹һĨô˵ƺһֱҵ˼
ǧҧгݣһʱ䱻ʵ˵ƽﲻ飬Ÿովѣôħ޵ϰԺΧ˽⣿
ⳡľ֣Ӯġ
뵽˴ǧ⹴һЦãⳡľҲμˣʱɼһɱޱӡ
ţǧв⣬Ҳޱӣ¶㵽ʱˣǲӦдʲôģ
ǧüٿߵſڣӷʱϰŨλѧǶţҺǧģǳĿ˳ɼ㽫ֵǮıҪѧԺ˵Լ
û뵽ôɴ࣬ǧЩ񣬴°Ȼ
ѧĻ˽󣬼ȫѧԺ֪ڴˡ
ǧüһЩ⣬ã˶֪ˣҶ
ǰǧЦŨȻǶӦ÷ˡ
ǧߣͷһ뿪
ǧ뿪ıӰ˫䣬ޱ޼ʣСĵʱ
Щӣ˳ɼˣһֱеڡ
Ϲվڸ̨ϣһɫ˳ɼѾɼõǡ



179 һ

Ϲһβӵζ
Ǳ£ضϹţɼõĻ˭
Ϲת׿ǧЦ¶ƴ˼ͣɼõǧȻȫԣɼƽʱȥɭҲΪĻΣ
һǻȻ
ɼõľȻǧǸŸվѻϵħǧ
Ǵ½ĳ裬Ǹϲ񣬿Ȼѿ˵һĳɼõϹͣɺϣ汾£
һƬǧɲ꣬ƽˮлϹٵʦͣԺһŬ
ϹЦǱﵼʦ֪һΪ㽾
ǧЦ
һ̸ǲꡣ
ϹƽڿʱˣŮһǧʱֵѺãһֱӳЦݣɰۺˡ
Ϲתףɫͻ࣬дһ˿ǧûǰһĳɼˣҶ̫ݣ֪һЩħ޵ϰԺΧһѧǴףºԴսͲزμˡ
֪ɴͷЩɥ
һֳɼеȵ˵Ŀôѣ鼮Ҳصϸǲ֪Ҳпԭ
ȵȲ԰ûмأǧε֪ģ
Īǣף
ף
ǧⱾʯУһѧǵֹ𣬾ץʲôѱһϹٵʦҲ˵֪ʶһ鼮ϲеģǧСϲ飬ֲŸովѻϵħѶȵ֪ʶε֪ʹʲôаİɣ
Ļ䣬в
ǧվñֱΪ
ǧˣת׿ϹϹٵʦ£ñƻѧԺ
ϹǧЩţǧ˵ɣҪνͣ
ǧʼ磬޾ɫûеĶͨʵս˽⵽ҵĵʦ̵ҵġ
Ϲʵʵս
ǧĿ⣬һ̹ΪӶᣬɸɫίͬɱͬħޣҲܴеõḻľ顣
ϹˮʵսӶ硭

졣
ȻӶᣬһֱڽί񣬺ȣǸҵĻ䣬ֻ˽⵽ϵģʵսʲôĸ١
ǧսȭͷ֪Ӷᣬȴû뵽һֱڽ񣬻õ˷ḻľ顣
һ˵˵ΪĶ㣬ô֪ί񣿡ǧĿ¶׹⣬ãȻ˾ʹ󵨳ϣһҪǲ𣿡



180 ɶԼ

ǧһۣ鵭ĮΪǸԼˣҲҰɣ
һǧúѪ
˵ףô࣬ȷΪǸԼȫѧԺʦǰ棬˼̤Ҳ޷
ǰľ棬Щܿƣǧսָ⣬亹ֱ
ǧŤͷ֮˼ִô˵ѲҲ¶ˣ
ǧɫ࣬йŭɫ·Ҫ˺ѣҲû뷨ǧþͺ˵˵Ȼ˵һֱίǾó֤ݸǿ
ǧ̾ϢһڳЦ޴Ӷĺڿÿһлִ룬ǿȥſϵĻ֣ʲôˡ
ɫĿչԣżӶɱѪȻ𾴡
ǧ䶯ŴǣͷƤмַ飬Ū顭ſһûٻ֣Ͳ顣
ڴǧЦŨ
ʲô飿һԵɴɴʵڿȥֱվһǧĻȫģмһ񡣡
ԴҲվӲͷƤҲͦһ֪Ǿḻ
ҵĵճŮվҵճҲΪǧ˵һʱ٣˭Ҳ˵ˡ
ǧͬСһڿԵüΪª
ǧˮ˳°ڣʾ˵䣬㣬ھѶ˵ɡ
ǧŴ꣬ɫΪѿˣˡ
Ϲǧ⿴һۣм־棬ǧ⣬ҳԵ˵ѧԺѧϽղŵⷬڼﵼʦ𣿡
ǧⱻŵûվסŸϹٵʦҲûǸ˼Ҫҡ
ϹңǧҲãǰ𣿡
ǧⱻʵһ仰Ҳ˵
Ϲ䣬ԣ֮£ôҹȥɣǧĪҪʲô
ǧսһĨ֡
ϹֿһۣŤ֫뿪ֻһŮ㡣
Ϲһ뿪Ҳ˵»ᱻŤͷǧ⿴һۣ뵽ǰЩǸԼǾ̲ס۷׷ס
ǧؿۣ޲ֱιȥ¡
ǧߵǰٿ°ͣɤ嵭ż֮⣬㣬³ɼѾǲӦǸԼ
ǧп־ҲһĨŭɫãôϣѧԺܣ



181 

ǧգ۾һ޹ԼǶµģҲǶȫѧԺ˶֪ģȴͲǧڸ˵ǲس֮ˣ
ǧ΢ţ
ǧ䣬ֱֱüֵۣ㣬㻹ɣԹԳȥ˵ԼҲٿ⣬ǰɣ
ǧŭɣҧгݵǧúݣҪ𣿡
ǶԸμӵĶľ֣Ըķ䣬쾭塣ǧָ£°ͣĵˣһҲȰҵİɣ
ǧ¶ȻˣһҪȫѧԺʦĳ̬ɨء
ǧĿ񣬡Ȼ˵ԵĻ˵Ѿ֪ôˣǾɡ
䣬ǧſ
ʱ°ϣ˲һۣЩĿģǧȻסԼ°ͣŭһ۵ԸķԸķ䣬Ȱ̫硣
һ䣬ǧ䣬ܵ⡣
ǼҲ׷˳ȥһЩ֪ǸԼҲˡ
ǧ⿴ôˣ̼ˣ˼ƺ롣
ǧվǳЦ˺˼ǸıҪ𣿡
Ȼϣǧۣ޲ֽ˭˵Ҫˣǧҿñӳ𣿡
ǧڰ֣ЦݣɣǾͿ쿪ʼɣʡѧǵȾˡ
ǧҧһǰֲ̫򴽣ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
վڴſڣŵѧһ䣬ᣬ
ǧһбЦȷ
µѧ£µǧ˵ʲôǸ
ǰһҲǧûԷ𣿡
ǧԸķ䣬Ͷȡɰ
һƮڣֵǧۣԴӶըˡ
ȹڣӲͷƤһ
ɲǣĺѧԺƮлһþòɢǧ⿴ŵѧ˫ǵͨ죬޲Ҹضȥ
ãʲôǧѩԼҵʦȡЩ˳·ǧĺûЩۻ಻Ķȫǧ˵档
ǧˮһ֮æǳݺ͹㣬ǶΪ˿˳ɼڴģ¶ˣҪѧԺǰ
ǧѩüеɢ٣ֱ
ǧˮ
ǧѩɫ£һǰͼǧ£Ƕɢ˰ɣ֮ȨûλþǵƤ
˵ţɨǧһۣǧ



182 ȡӴ

ǧνʼ磬վñֱ
ǧѩֱӽǧߣʡۡ
ѧǼûϷɿҲȫɢȥһʱüΪ塣
ǧ뿪ıӰлһĨ͵٩ԼµĶԼȴñ˰ŲƨɣǧǺġ
һͽĿջأŴѿһˣ˶̧뿪̫գӶʯʨݣǧ˼Aί񣬴Ͻʱͱɣܽסˡ
ǧЩɻؿһۣʵסҺ£
ɣܽƷݸЦǧС㣬˲񣬻Ѿۻһ̶ȣ¾ܻȡһЩԴˡ
ǧЩȵգգ۾ô죿ҵӶһ°ɣ
ɣЦŽ͵һSһSSS񣬹вٻ֣Щֽ˲A񣬻һʹڿɰѲ˱ȥˡ
ԭˡǧǳЦܻȡԴЩ
ɣһƣǧС
ǧĽŲ˻ɣܾʹһƲֿĵطֿжѷŸָƷżΪһԵϻʮ䣬ղ֪ͷʲô
ɣܽһԿ׽С
ԿϷ⣬ǧӹһʱ䲻֪ôöԿǡѲɣҪȡԴ
ɣ洽ЦöԿǿĹؼڣҪԴܿЩʲôҪˡ
ǧЩ䣬ɫΣҲ˵ÿֻڵԴǲһġ
ɣܵûɾЩмֵģǲЩŶŪ˵ġ
ǧ𴽽ǣԭˣҾͲõĻῪʲôŶˡ
Ȼ֣ڸḧÿ䶼һۻңܿѡһ䳤úÿҾѡˡ
ɣܿȻѡǾýԿ׿ɡ
ǧԿײУֻáǲһ㱻ʱһͷ׵Ĺâǰէ֣Щ۾ͺʲôＴճһ
ȫͷĶǰ
ǧǰȥһۣЩеͽ׵ħ޾ˣеͽ׵ħ޾Ƕϣõ᳡ЩĶ
ɣЦ˵ϲǧС㣬һЩеͽ׵ħ޾ˡ
ǧϣһѶռڡ
뿪ʱɣֿڵǧС㣬ԴظȡֻҪִﵽһ̶ȾУû޶
ǧһҲ˵ֻҪڷܿ̿ԴҪ̫
صԼСԺǧܾÿռʲô£ʶſռ䣬һ˲һĨһϮ
ռ䣬ĳֱԭء



183 ͵ħ޾˵С

˭ܸǸԴĿռ䣬Ϊλ
һƬǽ尡
ܶ񱻻𿾹һúᣬģڵϵЩҩ˵ûҲһģڷŤŲҰܿݻƵӣźòЩ㷺ӣ͵ǻڶȻû͸
һûռʹѲߴˣ
ǧæ˳ռ䣬ٽʱռǸҵģ
ǣԭûߴ
ǧһ飬еɫپۼһ𣬺ϾҪйһ㣬ô˭ùѵӾ
ʱһϸ˿СѾͷЩǱøɵģôĵ飿
ǧһ㿴һīڵĶűߣղŵ˵ӦǴ˵ġ
ϸһƣȻסӣ
ؾצӣ޿ǱãѾûˣһֱƺ𣿡
ƽװֵСӣģĪǣһȥ¯һȦ
ǧӣʶ˵С壬һɲǣڵëָⶼȾˣ͵֣ôпռ䣬ΪҲһ
ɵģֻɶС񣡡һ෭ӣӵشС棬ֻСھڱڣЩҹ
С
ռʱйСˣ
վԭزһСѾͷٲȥռŵĶҪֻСԹˣɶԣħ޾˰ҩ
ǧһֲõԤУ̧žͳȥ
ñQǰëһϣôȥ׽
һߵſڣǧŵһƵζšüͷֻСڱŻɣ
ʶԾģ̌Ž룬һ뵽ͷյһ˲ҡҧ˵ȫɢɢȥ濴һֻͨҫСڵ¯ϷצӻŴ䣬һһʲô
ֻŻЩ졭
ָıӣɸֵ죬ոմӶģڳħ޾˰
ǧȻһͽСС
С񱻴˸ţצϵĴӦأǧͷһ꣬ˡ
С񣬾͵ԣǧضԲԲĶӣһ
СųҪ뿪
ӣǧ˫һᣬһѵԲƤϡ
Сʹġءһ
ڵֽкãС񣬾͵ԣڳ˰ɣҪġ



184 үѪͳ߹

Сͷһۣһۡ
ϴٿצָָһԵǮӣСѾͷħ޾˳ˣŵĽҶ͵ˡ
ǧֱӽСڵϣСҵЩκڵ
һ´ڵƤϣ衣
ǧŵǮȫȡͷһȫɱˣһöû
ǧ˫ȭŬȼŭѹ£ַ䵹񽫲ŵҩƿȡһۣٴɵˡ
ˡ
ȻҩƿӶˣֻС
ǧһѽҩƿڵϣеŭɫҲѹֲסܵСǰħ޾ˣԵҩҲͰˣΪҪҵĶȫԵ
ԭһСлĸţ½һδȣͱֻ֪ĶС˸ɾ
ǧҲ̲סһֽССѳԳԲĹĵĶӸɲԶǧۣоۼץСѾʹýСѾֿ£Ρ
úߵסû´СӦǸкӣֿСѾ̫ûˡ
˵ǴĶС񣿡ǧƴ̹ǣ˭͵Եģٲ˵ҾͰιëԵ
СŰÿûƢˣͷһۣŮСүǳһ㶫αôС
Сͻأڣίʵǧ
ͣж۵Сۣ㻹˵
С̧߰ͷүΪ߹ĴڣȻ˵ˡ
СϸϸŴŴС̫ɰǳ
ǧûƻɭһƬ˵ôҿռģΪҿռΪר͵öԣ˵һȻݹҲ
С񣬲֪ζΣ
Сеһӳڶû۸Ů˸ҵץСѾô߳ܵľٶ̫ˣ
СһתٿͦίŮˣ㽫үռģ񣬱үմǸĵҪˣүȻˣֻ𽵹Щˣζǲġ
ǧԽԽòԾ


ǡǧ뷿ȡĵ
֪뷨󣬳СѾͷȷǿŵŸոƿǶһһӣ̫ˡ
ǧŤͷһȻ䴦ЩĵǣڿտҲŤͷֶСĶۣɫӣ˵ħˣ
Сһ˲ըëħ̣үŲֵͼĶ



185 ȸ˵

ǧ¶һĨ֮ɫĿ㻹ħˣкã׳԰׺Ȱס𣿡
СϹڳǧ˫һᣬһѽĳס
Сίش󺰴үѪͳ߹ֵͼħܱȵģŮ˾۸үүַӶܽŪ
ǧüһĲͷˣת߳
üˣ̲סʵСѾͷҪȥʲô
ǧɤƺûһأⶫ͵ԣͻģȫûһϴͷҲ˱ͷֻޡ
ȻתȻסͣлûΪֻ˵˵ġǧ԰Ǽһǡ
ǧûȻߵˮ׼ë
Сͣ󺰴ιιҪԱүʲô
ǧߣëѲɣҳë
С˲ۣʲô㾹Ұαүë㲻Ҫǲǣ
ǧüؽϵë¡
ء
С۵Ϲ
ǧޱ飬뵽ԵĸֶһΨкúýѵֻСܺЩ
ñQһ۾ƼС񱻰ëĳ棬һ㶣ŵøϽסԼëСѾͷס֣һ治һħ̣ǰڵġ
ǧҪëǾ͵Һ˵
Сųٴνлë治һħ̣㻹ǵϴǧħ޹𣿡
ǧüǵãô
СٴγǴΣҸϣ㹻޴ֻħ޸ɱǵмҸˡ
ǧ˫ΣҲЩ㶵ġ
ϴΣֱ֧ĸоΪʱ;Щ֣Ϊһ˲Ļǿ¿ǱֻСˣ
ǧƬ̣ŽֻСſȻˣҾ͸˵
СõͷţίŶӣ˵ʲô
ǧʲôƷ֣
ܸС񣬹˵ͨħ̣Ѳɻޣ
С˶ţ˵˰үѪͳ߹ȸŮˣȸܸ˵ɣ
ǧ㶣˲־ЩЦϹȸ𣿿Ҽǵȸģ㶥һֻСѣҲðϹޣ
СûƢˣүϹȸֻүӡסˣֻܱ̬үָԭ״ɱ
ӡǧ°ͣ£ôܽ⿪ķӡ
СתŶֻۣҪүιʳħ޾ˣͷȡүһ쳤Ҳһ



186 үк

ǧ۾˵׾Ǹܼ
Ȼֻħ޾ˣΪλҪԽҺ͵ҩǧ־ۼһĨ˱ˬ
СŵɪɪүǸǶ𣿡
ǧһȻܼң罫㿾˱ȽϺ㡣
С󾪣ֻ̬ûʲôֻ׸ֹؼʱֻʾʾȣ𣬱үϹȸ˻ٵģұү̬ҲĽ׵ĵͼħǿģűүԲԿġ
ǧͷЦʣ˵ԸԼ
żϼأϹ޴Ǹ߰ҪԼỨѺЩֻСȸΪԼãǼõġ˿⣬ԼһֻϹҲñȶһǿİ֣ԺĹ˼Ҳࡣ
СתӣЩԥ
һϣʲôԥģղųģסģ춼Ҫģѵ뱻Ե
ණүСצĵ漴һȵؿǧүھһֻ໴̣ȻҪԼˣ춯ְɡ
СȻۣһ׳
ǧЦؿۣ漴һڽָҧƣѪʱһѪķ˸ʧԼɡ
Լ֮һһ֮Щܵϵǧ˽⵽С뷨۾գգЦЦС񾹻ˡ
Сȵسǧ˼ۣԼ֮ȼյĻ˲٣Ů˵Ǻͷ׶ѡ
ȻԼˣǲÿնҪħ޾ι㣿ǧѯʡ
С̧ȻʱڼԽԽ죬ҪͻڵڴҪİٿħ޾˰ɡ
İٿš
ʨӴ󿪿ڣǧͻȻܺԼ
Ǹ⵰û˽һҪһС
ǧҵ뿪ռ䡣
úСβ
ǧŤͷһۣüͷһΪθ
ýצӣռȫƵζòŲ
ǧüͷСʱ
Сߵķ羰пүڵдãȻҪͷĴ÷ˡ
ǧýһĶӣʵʲô֣Сɺã
Сٴαۣ룬үиȸ߹֣үкôɣ
ǧһĨǽСɣü
ӵԲգУүкֻܽбү



187 滨һĨҫ

ӺĽǧƿȥԺߡ
ԺͦãԺһŷʢ滨滨ïܵʱڣ׺֦ͷһȥʢѩһȡ
ģ̌Щѩ׻Ƕ紵ôʱ񿴼֦ͷһĨҫ졣޵ĺɫƮͷɫ滨ںһ𣬷ֲ˴ˣ֦ͷǰӡշתǡ
ǧȻɴ۾
滨ģôͿ˷Σ
סͤвϲܳԺ
һǻþ
ǧ۾ٴ۾ʱһϯҫ۵ķΣ֦ͷɫĮʱüĿ续ⷱʢ羰Ҫˡ
Ǹܵ˵עӣδӸµ
ɲǣײУɫ˻һǧ򴽣òſʵʦΪҵԺͤ鲻𣿡
ƴ촽΢࣬ҲɵʱϲԺ
ÿʱԺرÿҲ֪ǱԵʲô
ǧߵ滨£ḧɣЦʦͤôƫƫϲԺ滨ˣ
ҡͷ֪
ǧٴζüۣȻϲβͤϼã
ο续ʹϲҲص֣￴á
ǧͷһٿ٩ʦĪǶˣȻԸͤоô
βɫƽ
ǧ򴽣ֱĵĮٻ¡
һҲ֦ͷ
֣ɫΡ
ǧԣٿ֦ͷȻǸõطŵ㣬֦ܿ滨ֲôʦϲ
ǳǡ
ǧһӿƺһЩʦֻͻô򵥣罫ûذɣ
οڵɫĵװ˵Դս󣬱ս㲻صǡ
ǧ򴽣ղŵʻԵС۶һЩ˼ˡ
βϲŭ
ͻİɣǧ̲ס˵ĸ첲Ӳģͦǿ׳
ܵĴüĿԶǰ㲻ţ
ǧأЦ˼¡
γĬƺЩ⡣
ǧתתɲȾһĨ鶯֮ɫǴʦҵӦüΪҸձ⵰ͽҵҰɣ
ң
ӲЩϡ
ҡͷûС



188 Ҿ

ΪʦȻûнң˭š
ǧɫһĨ⣬Ҳš
ͬ⵭ĬȻ㣬βŻţ
ǧһתٿĴеⱻһĨЦֵڴ䣬ЦôҲŻš
ɫݣûдӦҲûоܾ
ǧֻ˫ӣһ滨Ҫ˼֣㲻˵ʹӦˣҾͿʼˡ
βΪµż
ǧգ۾ͬһϣħצʱ׳ʣӲĴмã׸ⶼûС
˼£ε̱ң½󿪾¶ǧһۣҧȥĳ嶯
ˣ
ħˣ
üͷûһ£ˣûнˣ
ǧʶСٿȾһĨۺ죬ȫȻûзǰ򶨣ˡϻûнңôҲôʦôҶûУ
οſԼϵֽͷĻҲϲϷЩ
ǧʶһӣнҶʦԡ
νֿļͷ΢縡ʱɫķ˿裬һƱ˲ıǼ⡣
ǧǼһɲЩʦ治һˣҶˣ㾹һƽȻģĪǣû
΢ҵ½󳨿¶ͷ׳ţֽ½ãֽǧһߵû
ָܵǧȻĿ˳ĽëѣҾáûС
νɿһϯƮ裬ǻϵħʦȡҲԵϵħʦࡣ
ǧؿף
ƿϵħʦ׳ΪҩʦΪҩʦԺȥҩʦעݣҩʦȼ֣ȼԽߵÿµõĽҾԽ࣬ǵȼ͵ÿҲܵõ٣Ͼȸ½ҩʦϡȱġ
ɤǳǳ˵ô໰Ҳ˸еƣۡ
ǧͷü֮һǳЦŵǼãǳΪҩʦȥǼǡ
˽ǲ֪ѳΪҩʦ
οһ滨ǳȥҩʦעݣҲΪӵ㣬ҩʦϡȱʱҲ˸Ҷˡ
Ϊҩʦã
ǧһתȻ˲뷨л棬һŬġ
βףֶһ䣬ҪΪҩʦҲлԵҲ̫ǣ֪𣿡



189 Ǳ³

ǧͷһګګڵ˵Ҷ֪Ҳ̫ǵġ
ε紵ʱͷɲǣ׺ཻʤա
ǧǷ绪
úͺ͵צסɬǳ
֣ĿڷһΪС˭ΪŮ˻¶һģԱүȴֻĸϻүʵڲ
ŤŽڵС壬Цѿ죬ĴʦλȨأ绪СѾͷҲпԭ㲻ֻСͱ˼ˡ
ĿһᣬŭүȸŲʲôСѲɣ㻹볢ζ
צӻأΪСѾͷԺ䣬ҶһһľСѾͷιëѾˣٲֲûħ޾˳ԡ
һ㶣˲ˡ
£òͷһֱ໴Ŀ̣
צӲС˵־
иӦԲͷԴسһۡ
ǧ֪ЩʲôھʣʦڿЩʲô
ջĿ⣬Ҿţںˡ
ǧ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһһСӰӣúͺԶλܷǲɣ
ǧڨЦ۵徻ûˡ
εⲻ
ǧҲĿջأɲǣһ滨ҡҷƮɢһĨ㣬ɢȥƼѾ뿪˿̣վ£üĿԶ
Ҫ𣿡ǧüۣѯʡ
̧ҫʱͬˣߣͤȻ¡
˵Ҫˣ
ǧ˫ֳͷдżζʦվŲߣĪ³𣿡
ɫӿ̫ϣüһɫǸõ飬ұ°ɡ
û뵽˵ǧȻɴ۾˵ʲô˵һ顭
ζüۣǱһĨȣұ°ɡ
ȻĻƲУǧգգ۾ðβĻʦұΪֻʳͤеķˣ·𣿡
νĿջأ˳ë룬ɡ
ǧǸƢˣôô˵һȻˮӣͷ·ʲôĵһĸоͦꡣ
ǧߵԺ⣬ȻҪ³ھȥЩԵ
ε䳯ȥ
ڵֻСһĴӴܣԵæҡ
ûãǧһʳнһţƼֻСһڷνűߣŻͦɵġ
ǧһ٣⵽׷ʲô



190 ιⰡ

裬ǧˣæеĲߵҼ㻹δ˲裬ʵڱǸ
ǧǰһעĿӲͷƤʳڵʳ鵽ϣС׼һЩ⣬ˮӣ˻һ붹ϣܺθڡ
οһۣܷʢ
ǧÿ£ֳһֻۣСƽĺܣΪڵӱˣѲɣʦöϲı죿
εīưһ⣬ѵҲôҽʱǾͶҼΪѺãҲ֪ΪΡ
𣿡ǧɣ̲ס˼ۣͼֻɵðݣ˦˦һۡ
εüĿˮΪʲôˣ뾹ֻɰëӺͻСǼΪϡƷ֡
ëúͺС񡭡
ǧ򴽣ЦЩܣȷϡ桭
νĿƿֱߵĲѾ󿪣Զ೤Ĳ漴Ʈɢ
ǧӣǵĲҶòֵı˻û뵽ôһ󣬾ͱɸ߼ˡ
ʦܻ衣ǧǳɫת䵭
νƿסͤУԼġ
ǧӦԭˡ
Ħſӣ̧ʱ˳ëƻɲǣһǳɫο£ˮܿŶӺȣǳԹϢƬٺȣõġ
ǳë׶滺ǧһâǳǳʦʲôܸû
º˱ӳԷ
Ͱţ˳Էʱһ仰˵
ǧ׷㱻ˡ
ʦȻǴʦҪ·ĳЩ滹޷ɱɷˣ
ǧ׽ţͬ
ζţǳԷҲͬһ㡣
ǧƿƤӣɫ˺üۣͼκ˶û¹ӣѲɣηǵûýȣ
ⲻ͸һ
ЩȣǲǾͿԻˣ
ǧתӣһĨ֣ʦΪֻ˺ͶҲĪǣι㣿
Ļƽ
̧˫ͬԲ
㻹ι㡣ǧ˫鶯һʺĺݵߣʦô찡
ʺĺ⻹ڵͣţɫûκα仯
սſҧһڣڼζá
ߵգǧһǲܳԻȣôͻȻͳˣ
̧մȾ֭ʹ˫ôˣ
ǧȻ񣬿ϵĺͱҧһСڣһѽⶪУѯʣܳ⣬ղôԣ



191 һ˲ŵЦ

һȦͣ£֭׷Ⱦɽɫ޵ɷǺÿδһ飬ֻ̧Ǿ̫壬ûжӡ
ǧſӵһ٣ֻ
εֻ
ǧһѽӶ£ЩƣһΪ㡭
ʶЩܺ˵ǧ򴽣Ȼֹ
Ϊʲôοһǳǳ⡣
ǧ䶯꣬ҡûΪʲôΪʦֻأϲʳ
ᳶ꣬һƵЦӳͫ׼䣬ֲǺУȻҲϲʳֻƽԵò̫ѡ
ĨЦÿȥҲ죬ǧûü׽ΪԼֿˣӲŪŷԭˣлԵ㣬ǧҳʳζ㲻ġ
ףĿǳǳ֪ˡ
һٷԵЩƣмСǼ˼ģǧѾĺ꣬治ɸֳһĨУȴֺܿ챻ѹȥ
Ӳ죬ӣøΪ޼֣л
޷ǧʰ꣬뽫Щ˻صСȥЩźá
εղõĲˮЩ΢ֽ¯š
ǧźһŵıһŨζ
裬һһͬˮӳһʱī󲻷Ҳżֳζ
ǧ°£ɲЩˡ
ʱһֻ˳ÿϻһˮ
ǧĿʱıŰ㶣һʱ侹ǽӹеĲյ
ƿ꣬ͻȻһǼõģ㲻𣿡
ǧһѽĲյҲû˵ȡ
䣬ͷ๾£ţ
νĿͶϣεҡҡͷ
ǧܲˣȵüΪԡ
νյ£˵ѾѧԺĿˡ
ģ̌Ƭٿ𴽽ǣʦϢͨҵȷѾͨѧԺˣͬҲ˲μѧԺԴսʸ񡣡
εȻ޲ϲ
ǧ⣬ٴιл
ʱԺͷһǧһᣬ˲þ輸֣˭
裬ģʡ
󿪿ڵСңүȥһˣ֪Сɷ˯ˣ
ǧ۲豭ȥΪǧ飬ŲɵȥײǹڣǧڵɢѾ˯ˣǱߵȥɡ



192 ȥҩʦע

ǣүҪȥ곤ãûţⴵ˰ʱ磬뿪
ǧСĵˣ־֮⣡
ԺȻûǧһƣĿҲ˼Ц⣬ϵĽҹȥûʲôġ
θŲյڰ˫ó棬źЩǣ˵ǧһģ˵˱ѧԺ˵Լ
ǧ۾գ㶼֪
Ʒˮë𣬡䲻ϲţ֪
ǧһЦ⣬սƼڵǳ˵ʦ֪֪ԭ£ˡ
βŨŨڰɵݣһż
ҹ¶أ»ڵأɲǣͬһɫë̺ڵء
ϵĲѾȴС¯е̿ҲƸɾǧĲ豭٩ҹ˴ʦΪλߣѲɣ¹ҹ
˫ΣˮһĨڶҹҹ
ǧ䶯꣬һɫҲû˵
δҵ¾ߡ
ŶǧĵӦһ
ڷνűߵֻСĿǧȻ󣬳˻δʱֱӻص˿ռ
̧ǧűȥտҲٿ䲻ѡ
վһƱˣնлܺóԡ
ģ̌δŶڡ
һ紵ʱûˣһߣֻСӿռֱûˡ
»Ĺԣǧʵղô£ɵطڷνűߣһƣֻޱȵС
ëզզСѾͷ˵òŲֵͼСΰ
ų򣬵ǳð˼֣úŵղСЩ򵥣˵ǸɣӴϵϢ󣬾ñүӼ֣һӽŶˣʱͷűˡ
ëͷܸо˴ʦǵĲѰ
ǧ°ͣμȻǴʦӦúͳ˲ͬȸ޾Ϣ壬Ҵһ
֣үֻ໴̣гһսڣַӰСʲôɱ
ǧÿˮʵǲпģ㻹Ƚɳ˵ɡ
ٴαۡ
գ̫ա
ǧѾûˮˣȥҩʦעһ£õһעأ



193 Ҳע

ҩʦߣ΢߼·͵ˣµҩʦһʥͨѩҫӨ⣬ſڰڷúɵʯʯѣŹϣ
Ӷɱͬﴦ͸͡
ǧſվһ̧Ž롣
Ϊ˱֦մһװǴװҲӢ˲̲ס࿴ۡ
ǧιۣҩʦᣬһɵҩ㣬ţҩɣһŨĵҩζ
ҩζǣǧֻûˬѣӵ˹ЧӦĽϵнҩʦɡ
ǧһȦֹкöҩģǻٽָһߵҩʦҩý٣ҩʦѡ
ҩĴ඼ӵܣֻһ˱ǧңһڸʮƵҩ׬һɽ
죬ҩʦȻǸ׬Ǯְҵ
ǧ˼ۣɲǼĶѣߵһȥעǼǡ
һ߹ȥͻȻ侪ˣöˡβ˵ȸ½ҩʦΪϡȱ
һǧô£
Ѳɣһҹ֮кЩ˳Ϊҩʦˣ
ǧñȽ棬ųĶ飬ͻȻЩѣ
ǰĴͻȻתͷʵСֵܣҲעҩʦģ
ǧͷǰ
´ۣ̾˿ٴοڵСֵܣҼôᣬֻ뿪עỹǳ߰ɣҪעˣһЩҪˮ˸ֲô
ǧЩ⣬ˮ㣿
׵Ĳ⣬Ľ͵ȸ½ϵҩʦϡȱһЩŸոϰƤëδƳһŵҩ˾뿿עǼǣΪҩʦԵõҫÿ»ܵõٽң˾޴ջһЩ̰֮˱׷ӿ
ԭˡ
עʲôԭôŵ
ǧתӣʵ˵һǧ棬кЩˮģ
п϶İҩʦôϡȱǧ˶һͺܲˣҪַˣ
ǧ˶һʡǧ°ͣµһ䣺Ϊʲôעˣ
Ը˻ϻӣ٩٩̸ǰЩ˻ˮȥ£ҩʦÿ¶дҩʲôᣬֱֺӽϳ涨̤빫ᣬֵͦ󣬹ЩϲԱõע᷽Ͽˡ
ԭˡǧ°ૣû뵽ҩʦﾹȤš



194 ʮҩʦ

ֿǧĳ԰СֵôᣬǻδлԵƳҩɣ㻹ȥˮˣ˵ӡ󲻺á
ǧЩΣûˮ㰡
ûԹ˵Сֵܣ㻹ôԺеǻעǼǣ£ǰ˼ҩϾͺá
ǧ۾λˣѾƳҩˮġ
屾˵ͻȻĻɵɴ˫˵ѾƳҩˣ
ǧͷ̹Ȼǵġ
循һⲻܡ
ǧЩͷôͲˣ
ָŵҼҲʮģΪҩʦһ˴ڶʮԺǸΪҩʦС޾ͱŪˡ
ǧ̾˿Ҳ֪ǸǸЦ
ԼСָͷѵ֪һ仰ɽɽ˵Ҳֻһţʮ֮ǰûˡ
屻һ£˵һ仰
ѵСֵҩ
ᣬԲᣬ㱻Ūȥˣ
彫Ŀջأһ仰ǧ˵ˡ
ǧıӰüͷˣ
񣬾עǼҲҪϿǰͷһǧȫǻˮģһȫ͸͸Űʱͱȫˡ
ֵܿǰͷĴ塣
弤֣ųȥ
һд弤ѵˣƳһŲעΪҩʦˡ
ɲǴ͸˶Ĥǧ۷׷ס
ǳǶͷɣѾʮˣҲҩʦǻ˶ʮ꣬ڵóԸΪҩʦˡ
ǰҲ츳ģԵ˾㻨Щ꣬Ҳɲҩʦ
˭˵أҩʦϡȱͷŸողżȴҲܵõҫÿĽ㹻һСϺˡ
ǧǵĻԭⲻڶ
΢΢𾪣ǰͷȻҩʦǻ˶ʮ꣬ʮʲôҲǴˡ
ֲջ˵ǷԭԼľ¡
ǧ
ʮȻҩʦ
ͷش߳ǧҲҪ̤ãСֵܣΪҩʦô׵ģȰ㻹Ȼȥϰɡ
ǧֻǵһϲϲΪҩʦ
˵ţתãͷҲء
ͷıӰ̲סͷǸǿСֵܣöԿС



195 ǳС

ãǧɷǵͷλϡ
˽ԴŰɫɴۣһͷ࣬ƿκЦһͷ˯ڴźࡣ
ǧţͷϱһ죬ᣬŲʮɣѲˮģ
ͷź룬ɫ΢䣬ͳٿ𣬡עΪҩʦͨеҩĲϣƲѪһ
ǧһѶҲûС
ѪǳҩƽնƼţֻƵȫԵˡ
ͷһƳȻ˽˹أΪλʼҩ
ǧЩƣôоͷԼЩ⣿
֣
ǧͷҼƽϣֱߵǰãе˼ƽͿʼҩݡ
ҩݵַ죬γһӰۻҡ
ͷΪСҵģЩҩʶã̫ã¡ͷˣӳڶûôĴַһ
ϸϸп죬ϸûгֲҲ޷ô졣
Сӵʲôˣ
ͷֱӣҲ޷ղôƽǧһ˲ֱˡ
ǧһۣɱı鶺Ц
˼ͷջе⣬˿̵ȫûˣô£
ǧûڴϹᣬҩԺһԶͽҩݶ뵤¯С
ͷüĲƺЩ
ʱӦýҩݷűһ궪ȥһԶȫȥǿϧЩüõҩˡ
ͷ̾ǧĿҲû˸ղ𾪡
ǧ֪ЩʲôֱӴ߶ϵħɲǣһƾޱȵĻԾſƣߴڶֱŵ¯
ԭЩ谵ϵħȼյ˲٣һŻӳǧϣСͰϸ壬˿ֱ̱øӹޡ
ͷлԾٴһɣе𾪷Ķ
СӾȻǻϵħʦϵħʦҩʦһϡȱޱȣһټԽѵܳΪ½ҩʦ
ͷǣҪã׼ܽƷ
һλͷСƶһгš
ǧԻȻ첻ѣһҩʦһ¯ƳŵҩԼŸûʲôɱƼ˾ܰתתڻ֣¯еš
ǧһļĻϵħ˲ȥ١
ͷ۾һУôȥˣƲҩġ
ȻСǳЩ



196 ҩʦ

ͷϧʱһ޵ĵҩζӣƮǼʱŨЩѰζ
ͷͫ׽ͷҲŽ˽ȻҩζƮɢѲɣ汻СƳ˵ҩ
ôܣСӵҩַȫ԰
룬һƸΪŨҵҩζƮɢζ·ԣʱͷƽ˼֡
ʱ˯ͷȻ۾ñᣬ˲¶ı飬ʲôζҲ̫˰ɣ
͵վϵһյƷˡ
顱һյӦ£һء
ͷĨζУͻȻյšüЩаô£˯˯ΪλյŪ
аߣŰ׺룬¶Ϊ׺͵ЦݣĻмֵƤ磬̫ˣһյΣ㱾ǺһͣƫƫϣΪƽЦԵʡ
ָ⣬ɲǣֱðòŰŭѹ£Ҳⲻͷƽϡ
аźӣߺҲϼһ˵ִŰ壬ҼǽһУʱ滳үү
Ťͷ۶û
ͷʱǧѾҩƺˣħϨϾЦţλѾҩƺˣҪҪ飿
͸ͬɽϪˮһӾĵƽͼ֡
аͬʱŤͷ׵ĵЦʱ˾һ㶡
ôƺˣ
һʱûɡ
ͷһۣĬ¶һĨ֮ɫҩ඼ҪһʱɣȻһʱƳҩ
ȷȷʵʵеҩζƮɢҼΪŨֻһھ˳С
аӵɵϴ󣬵˵ʲôôţԭǵҩζƽŹ֮
°ͣид
аͻȻָƤЦСֵܣЩ¯ͷƣƵĵҩΡ
ǧ¯򿪡
ɲǣһɸΪŨҩζƮɢ
ͷ˼ڣٴУҲ̫˰ɡ
¯һŲɫĲΧƯƣԲ
ǧһЦһ»򣬹ȻֻƳһˣû˵ŲǰλƵĲڴˣǲ𣿡
˵˼˲䱻ء
紹ٴһɫ汻Ƴˣɸղ©ٳΪλɵҩ
졭аеĵҩͻȻͽ׵ĲƷʾȻھʮϡ



197 ˲

ǰעˣֻƳƷʮϵĵҩѾõĵӣһʱҲƳƷھʮϵĵҩ
ǰСӵʲôͷ
ɾƳһƷʼߵĵҩ
аߣź룬Ŀȡ
ǧеԵλ˿̵ҩѾƷãʸǼעᣬҩʦ𣿡
аһЦ棬ʸ񣬵Ȼʸˡ
ôЩͷˣһﵹǴδֹҩΪɫˣôӣзβܵĵһô죿
绺һҲаţôӣҪ£
ǧվһ࣬Ц
аߣź룬һֱǧһӰͷӻǵһοôҩʦʮɣ
ǧǵģʮꡣ
ᡣапӶʮˣûаҩ츳ƽֻʲôģçһرŰǰϼһӲࡣ
ǧʶ翴һۣЦЦһ仰Ҳû˵
ȣͳһöµݵУöţҩʦһԱˣƾöɽ빫
ǧӹ£ֻ³ʰɫŻɷǺÿ
翴һֵۣڲšһףʶΪɫĵȼߣµɫҲı䣬ʱÿµõĽҲԽࡣ
һ׾ƳƷʾʮϵĵҩһ׵ʱҲʮϺ
ԭ»ɫ֮֡ǧŻ£ˡ
а̲סʵСֵܣʲô֣
ǧӹµһתɲЩ·ҽз
˵֮ǧʶսָ⣬ʲôԣôƫƫԴһ˵Լաأ
֡
аߣźЦԭǷСֵܣֲ츳ãԺҩʦѧϰܳΪһҩʦ
ǧɰͰһЦȡ̫Υ͸ˡҶڴ
аüЦԽԽ⡣
࣬˷ȻѾͨͿЩһλɡ
ǧϰɫĻ
һͷӭһޱ飬̲סοСֵܣӶûעɹɣҲģŬʮ꣬ʮܳɹġ
ǲ˵ͷֵ㿴ңǻ˶ʮнⷬɼģҲģ֪𣿡
塣ǧָָؿڵĻ£ϵĻ¡
ͷһۿȥ˲ʯˡ



198 Ļ

£
ǰȻһöɫ£
İɫŻҩʦĸ߹ݣŲʮͣ˾޴ĳɼٿԼ
ͷһֱ绯ˡ˱ˣǰһ뻹Ŭһ뾹žžžǱر׵֡
ͷͨ죬޲Ҹضȥˡ
ǧɫήңɿ˵壬Ҳлղŵһοֻ˵츳ʱͬҲ̫黳ˣҲϣ˼һֱͣǰԺ󻹻кܶܶྪϲĵطأ
ͷһ㶣ඥ
Ҳ԰ӹ֮ȣǱˣװ
ͷҲһĴһϵȴٴιһĨЦ⣬СֵһඥҸղŵ˵ʵڲ
ģ̌һֻۣЦ
ʱҩʦſڴһīЯ
īɴŽɫ廨ۣǱյĽһϯ״屦Ӳ䲻
˵ҲķѾһ㶣ٴ
ǧĳ˿˼ۣɻ󲻽⡣һλӵ£һλĴ󽫾ôйҩʦᣬѲɣҲעǼǵģ
ī紩Ⱥ̶á
лڽע飬˾ôö֮ȥˣ
ǧüͷ
˵Ӱʧͷ˳ǧ°ڣһǲУķĴ󽫾ӵ£һ˵λ󽫾ҩʦԨԴ
ǧ£ԨԴǺԨԴ
ͷĽ͵˵ǵĴ󽫾аϵӣ˽ã
ӣ
ǧµգգ۾ԭղаһֱ˵ӣλĴ󽫾ǧħ޹ǾĶӣʱ̬ӲӵаͬͰ糤ϵǼΪơ
ǧЦղżаϣӺʹ󽫾Ϊͬ
ͷͷЦøΪ񣬡һҲ񣬵ǺͰ糤ϲ࡭
ĻŸ䣬ǼЯа߳ͷһ㶣Ѹٱ͡
ǧɫ̹ԼԼǵ˵˵ʲôĻ񵤡һתٿһĨɫ֡
ҩؼϼأĻǰ˽סŽҩʦƳĸ߼ҩöҩҪЧĸƢθƣͺ͸ּһöõ̲ҩҲΪƵķϸֹ
Ե޹Ļʲô
ǧʱۼа֣ЦСֵܣ̸۸߼ҩҲɡ



199 ɶһ۾ͱϳ

͵ɣץһʱǧԼÿ࣡
ͷһ̿ĵǧһѣСֵԭзаڽأЩȥҲöѧһ֪ʶҲܶЩɾͳ
ǧǱһۣЩܣֻŮװûݰ϶ᱻīϳġ壬㲻ȥ𣿡
ͷڰ֣аϲδңúƤȥҵԼΪ̤ҩ֮·Ȼ֪㣬͸Ūκˮˡ
ðɣءǧҾаǱȥ
īЩ棬аôص˭
һҲ档
ǧ߽ī۲ζߵЦֱӽס
зСӺ죬ôǧС񡭡ޣʲô񣬷ͬһˣСѾͷǺãȻҩʦˣ
ī´ۣͻȻǰһöɫĻ£ϵĻ滨ƣֻҩʦĻơ
죡
СѾͷ֪£Ϊҩʦˣ
īſˮĿڵ𵴺òײֹͣСѾͷʵ̫ˣÿÿ˾ϲÿεľϲ㹻ġ
Ƿϲ񣬷Ǳ̬
īСĸΣǧüŪ
ǧŤͷװûʵаϣҹЩʲô
аͷǧʱȺЦ⣬Сֵܣ֪ĻǺ
ǧĻǰ˽סŽҩʦƳĸ߼ҩⵤҩͻ⼲ãõҩ
а˼֣ӣһӣȻƧ֪ʶ֪ԼȻܳɴ
īسǧ˼ۣȻܵõаͯĳޣѾͷˣ
Ҳ̲סһۣܵõǸŹүүĳޣʲôͷЩ졭۾ȴôҲ벻̫ˡ
ǧǳЦٴīͶĿ⣬ʵаͻȻöҩĪ𣿡
ղҩʦţаλǰ˽ҩʦλߣӦƳĻ񵤡
аߣź΢΢һ٣¶ɫȷ˽׵ҩʦҲĻ񵤣ⵤҩƧƸΪһ֮Ǻɡ
Ȼа϶÷𡭡
ǧ̲סī迴һۡ
߲ʯĻ񵤽ǻ⼲Ķ֮͹
˵īʲôˣһлʹ֮йأĪǣˣ
ǧ棬Ҳǳġ
ī豻һ˲ͷƤ顣
ǧƿĿ⣬תЦаϿͬ糤һо̽ţӦò̫ѡ



200 ҩ

аһǧһԣʵ൤ҩҺͰҲһйĻ̫Ƨӣо˰¶ûͷҲΪ̫͵ˡ
ǧëЩȵȻλ϶𣿡
˵ʵڲаߣź룬ƬֹЦ⣬Ļ񵤱ƧҲûһҲˡ
ǧ˵ĵǿ
аᳶǧ°ڣֵɽӵǰҩһʼأ˵ڻʹƫסһλȾزġ
ǧ
ʱƫƫǰϣүүӵ˵õҩͷˣ
аԴüͷûͷͷ
򴽣ɫࡣ
ǧüձȫ䣬Ҳ֪ǸʼصʲôԽĺˡ
аûһͷ𣿡īаǳж˷ڴȡ
ǧı仯üͷ
ʹƫټı顭Ȼ˰ɡ
ǧü滺ɫī輸ۡ
īעȫаϣδע⵽ǧĿ⡣
а򴽣ҡͷԴ¶һûһͷʵ˵˰ɣǰҲͰоĻ񵤣Ծͷȫޡ
ī򴽣ڿеֽգɲǣסֱܲʹһûаͷ
߲ʯõˣ£ֻһöĻˣȴⶫ߲ʯҪѵá
ûͷаҡҡͷһԼᣬһʱĿڵӵǲĻҺͰоһ°ɣϾⵤҩʵƧоҲû취
īһзתأЦãȻ⣬аԮ֮գī趨
аڰ֣ЦûûΣӵˣƳĻ񵤣Ҳǰһ
ī蹴лǳ
аһתٿһǧϣӵ£λСֵܽзʮ꣬ҩΪεҩоһ룬֪ɷ񣿡
ī˼һΣСѾͷ˲𣬡Ȼû
üһȵһɣλүүȻӣҩǸ߰ģ񣬾һλСֵܣʵ̫˼ˣСֵܵǺˣ
û뵽аǧһ㶡
һףԽҩĺ



201 ϵħ

аûľᣬһöǾôˣСֵվͿʼоɡ
ǡǧܾЩס
аļЦʲôˣҿ㡣
ǧ򴽣ɲǣʧЦ
īǧ˼ۣʢǹЦ⣬ҵǵĺϢʱǲ磬ͬ˾뿪ˡ
аӻ֣ϲӬһЩ߰ɣСһ䣬Ҷ࿴ܾûš
ûŹඣ
ǰīǧۣźЯ뿪
뿪ǧа̲סʵаǰΪִһоҪֻ֪Ǹŵҩʦһ׶ѡ
䣬ָָϵİɫ¡
ɫĻ¼Ϊҫʾŵݡ
аߣź룬һĹ˸˵ڵȼͣԾơ
ǧգգ۾ӲûӦʲôƣ
аĿƣһһǼΪѵõĻϵħʦҸղŸܵĻ澫ޱȣԱʯðǧ˵ǲһƣ
Ͱ綼ǻϵħʦƽҩĵҩãȴԾɱȲϱԴƳġ
ǧ΢㶣Ƭ̺Цһƣԣаϵ˼ǣ
аǹЦӿҺͰϼһֻʹ𣬴δʹùԴһЭǣвһͻơ
ͻƣѾȴ˺ü꣡
ǧٴЦ𣬡аϿҾͺƤ԰ɡ
īҲʶһֱаţʵڲ˼ܾҲǾ֮ͣƳĻҲܻЩ顣
аļ򣬡СӸǺúѧǰ;
ǧĦŻ£û˵뿪ֱаסˡ
аϣգۣЩɻؿ
а¶ͳһӽңˣעɹ󹫻ᷢŵʮңղҺͰ綼ˡ
ôҪô
ǧǮӽӹеļɫҪйʮһǼʱ꣬ЩҲùýͰˡ
Ҷռڣǡ
صǧңǧٻͷֽǰĻ¶ռС
ҩʦܣ뱻ǧ֪
صԺһˮȣԺžͱ죬ûüȥţͷҰ˾ͽԺһ߿顣
ǧŲյɫѣԺŲŸջ¾ֱŪֵûǮˡ
ŴԺӵļˡ
㣬ʦڵĴҵԺӣʲô˼ǧĦŲյֱֱվǰͷǧ⡣



202 ³

ǧվһѾǰͷһϯۣζ죬°΢΢̧ߣò磬ãұԺƫƫѾ߿Ҳڣ͵͵ҵƸ󡣡
ǧۣ˵ɷ¡
ǧЦؿʵն˼ǣ
ǧǰһֺѾ˵˺ȥҹƣͷƺ
ǧüͷһӹһɫΪ͵ģ
ǧ⸧ϵӣЦģҿûô˵ǲˣ
ô˵ǧ𣬲Ųæ㣬Ǵĵ黹δһ䣬ŵҪһһѾǰ˰ɣ
ǧ򴽣˵˵Ѿ߼ǱƸ£Ҳжˣ˵ϻôɵ飿
ǧﴽɫ̹Ȼ˹£ǻ治˵
ǧ˫շ࣬ͻȻָһѾߣúúý㿴Ķ
ʱһСѾ߳УڵϲӵС㣬ʱ֣ƼС͵͵ǱƸ󣬴ʱҼɫţлʲô
˵꣬ѾߴͷӶͣ
ǧ߰ͷüۼһĨ⣬ã֤ǰ㻹кλ˵
ǧƱŲң֤ˣҪ֤ɣ㣿
ǧ֪ڴЦʱһΣС˼㱩¶ȷҪ֤ǾҪ׼׼ˡ
ǧ⣬гǣѾҲ֪ĶģңΪ֤ԼףҲӦá
ǧֻЦûƼĹ⣬ȻӦʣǶͿʼˡ
⣬ǧݲȣɡ
ǧ䣬ǶȥѣһҪѳ
䣬Ѿǽݷ䵹һ¾ͽڷ߰㣬ϵĲˡ
ǧƣлɬ׶ǧĹһ۸ڶȫ˼ǧСݡ
ǧָףЦĶˣ֮ɫԶ׼ãҲӾŪһЩ
ȽѳŪľͲǶôˡ
ǧ⹴Ц
޷Щ˾ͻˣӦǻҵġǧü䵭ĮǡһĨѩûѵǸΣ
ǧЦ֤ڣܲԩ㣬ѲҲЩҾߣٸһΣ
ԡǧӹµһתЦѶ
ʱѾǴ߳ϴŲɫС㣬ûѵʲô



203 ôûж

ǧһɫתף˫ѣʲô˵һ飿
Ѿֱǧûˣǲſ˵С㣬Сûκζ
ܣ
϶жû
ǧɴ۾ҧгݵǲû˼Ƹ󣬻˶Īⶫܷ˲ɣ
ѾսսպգĹڵϣС㣬ѵúȫû©κεطɾҲκ
ǧӣüۼ͸һĨģҲţ
ǵľٶǧٿɵˣһԵݵϷ룬׼
ǧ˼һΣ̶ЦţȥѲ飬ѲʲôϴߵȻãҲܲס
ǧšüģޣھͽȥңҵҷǴȥɡ
ǧʼ磬η塣
ǧݷ䵹񣬲ѷӶˣԾѲʲô
ҧмôҲ
ǧ߳еľֹֹסûеİﵽȥĶˣ
ʧǣǧһЦѳ𣿡
ǧҧȻ˺һګګûСѾƭˣ˵ĵˡ
һ䣬СѾš
СѾ߱߷ڵأʹþΡ
ǧһۣĿ⵭Į䣬ټĸۡ˶˽ҲͶˣѾǶµİɣϲڹܽ𣿡
ǧɫָ࣬ڹ̣ܽķ
Ѿ߶Ǳ˴ˣһȥúùܽԺ¶ˡǧݺݵ˵ϵСѾһۣһȺûõĶ²ࡣ
ӴĿ⣬һѾŵɪɪ
ǧһĨ΢Ц˫ˮ𻵵ĸּҾߣжŵҵǧˡ
ǧ÷˷۱
֪ˣվ͸͵ԺǧһѾ뿪Ӳ𣬶ߡ
Ѿһ˲ԺֱŲ١
ǧű߰ӣз䡣ưܵӸƯ˵㣬ֱؤˣ˵⣬ȻԼҪ̲ס
߽ڣǧֻСһվˣ
һʱ䣬õëͻָԭ״һֻװ۵Ŀɰˡ
ǧʲôǲصȥˣǧ˼ۣûƼצʲô
Ǽ֧ӡצӻأһСǶӶˡ



204 үöö

ͼ֧ӣҲʦڣ
ǧ򴽣һĨЦ
Ϊǧڲʲôöû뵽Ǽ֧ӣǸ߹Ǽ֧ѳǧӶǧٷǰͼӴ׵˵ټѧԺǧܣһ𱬷ǧٷǱֵô
ǧ𴽽ǣһɫǧ⻹ǸСģܣҸۡ
צظбã͸ղںʱ÷ӻһ¾ͽҳˡ
ǧۣҷԸҵģ
ղţǧⴳԺʱ;òԾֱʶýæʲôСû˷ֵˡ
ߺߣòңꡣ
ǧü
ʱһڽµʲôӣѳԣŮǽǲвûöͱ԰ڡ
ǧǳЦħ޾˲ȡû³ʲôӣ
ӣһڵװүˣöö
͵زϣܣС⡣
ųͼȷɣӣӱүϹ
һŤСƨƨŲ
һ˲Сִֻˡ
ǧֻΨε̾ϢһȻˣȥίŪħ޾ԣɺã
һѽƿ۾÷⣬ߣүˡ
ýŲģײһԵĹӡ
ӣԴСˣͱ䣬ģƽ
Ƹ
ǧһص¥ڣŭ彫жϡ
顱ŵͷѾ߲Ҷԡ
Ϊڶ޳֮˶ˣÿÿΪˣ·¶˲һɶ
ǧһݣֱӽɻƿڵϡ
ϴ֣Ƹʧأ˵ϷˣʵڽƻڶûɶɶץǷ
ǧ˫Ť޲ý˶ǧˡ
֨߹һеľűƿ
ǧüͷ󺰴е𣬱Сǹ
⣬̸Ĺȫ𣿡ｫľŹϣ֮һĨ֮ɫ
ǧһȫȻû뵽ô㣿
£ĿţѾ˵ҶǷʲô裬˵ҪȥԸǧǷ𣿡
Ƿáǧ˵ҧгݣȥ״Ƿ̫߰ȻĻˣȻЩΪץСӣȴ벻



205 ĵ

üһˣ
ǧšüôҲ벻͸ѵʱ򣬾ȻѲκζ˽Уûأ
°ͣлһǣǻˣöԵ޹ʷߣҲֻܡ
ǧսָ⣬֣
￴ǧ⣬бһĨ;һѾʧְδС
ǧ򴽣ӦòᣬѾ߶Ǿر̵ģƭˡ
ָ⣬˵ǵڶ־ͿˣǧƣеѾˣʹǰ֪Ϣ˽١
ǧסҡҡͷɣǷкαҸеˣ
ｿЦһйâܿһУкβɣǷͷжٺöжٽңֻҪǮջеѾ߲Ϲ
ǧɴĿͣǷﾹĻŮõΣ
ĵ޷Ƿ⼸죬ѧԺԴսڼ˼ûǡ
ҿǷŵӡǧзߺޡ
ﲻü۹ҪԶЩǧѩ㸸׵ĹעȫϣڸʰĹע˷һϡ
ǧصͷףŮˡ
ﹴЦ𣬡⣬ڰеĵûУ
ǿŵϺɽҵģл쳣ɵȴˣǿϵԴսϴʡ
ǧ⾪һЩ̫ˣҶûעǿŵӦ÷˰ɡ
ɸ֣Щɰ򿪣
ǧæȥأֻáǡһͱˡ
ǰȥãȴͻȻɴ˫ԭء
죬ôˣ
ĵأ
ϴοúõİ
˵ͻȻֲõԤôˣôˣ
ǧɥףǿŵˡ
ָһȻʱڿտҲٿſգܴôˣǿŵأ
ǧ򴽣ҡҡ׹ˤڵأŮ֪ϴ֣ǿŵҲһϯ˰ɡ
ǴΣֻע˹еıȫȻǿŵúڰ
һ˦ϣˣ֪֪ŵжѵã¼ȥôãҵõˣ
ǧޡ
ǸûõӣöŶ
Զȸɭ֣ڿħ޾˵ĺͻȻһ磬˹ˣ˭뱾ү
ǧ󣬲ת٩СʲôģҲ磿
޲ýħ޾˶ϣүѪͳ߹󣬺Ȼͬ



206 Ŭϵħ

ǧ°ͣһɫȷͬһֻС񡣡
ԡһýħ޾˽顣
ǧ֣˵ŵԵСԵöǶȴħ޾ˣʵڲͬ
еĵ٩ҪŮ̫⣬Ųűүû㣿
ǧĿٿЦҵĻͷŻңҿһҲ㡣
ȴһѱסСֻƬ̣ˢˢڵϣԴڻһֻ໴Сޣַ㲻Զ𣿡
໴С޾û
ǧ˵ëԴЦʣˣ
ûС
ǧһΣдżֹƻζĻлһЩħ޾ˣǲҲҪˣ
ӣʳ֮£˭˵үҪģЩù
ǧħ޾˵ݸ
ԿԡԵú졣
۲ȥҪԵģҲԡ
ȶӿ𿪣ֲҲ˷ѡ
СֻѸŤһǧεؿһۣɭɱħޡ
صӶϽǧֵõʮŵͽħ޾ˡ
һֱۣӣ԰
ǧ󷽵ؽħ޾ȫݸʵҾħ޾ҲԵò˰ɣóԶٲܵɳڣ
ùĹңֻɰС󣬡ԶأүҲųһٶŶѣ㻹ͶιٿŲС
ٿţ
ǧһ飬ȻǸǮ
ѧԺԴսڼЩҪʱӶˣҪԼʵҪǮͶιʳһɳڣõ潫ܶڣȻлӱȡøԴ
ðСצӣӶ᣿ȥҩʦ𣿡
ǧŴ꣬ԼҪȥҩʦᣬѾӦ˵鲻ܲǸæˡ
æ֮ٴλصԺǧһ£ռ䡣
˰壬ռеıʺѪ쳣ǧ뵽ڶ㣬ȿʼ
ĻϵħѾﵽĽףϵħڶǻȥ಻󣬿ʵһأԴսʼ֮ǰҪϵħһЩ
಻ѹʱһнҲӦһ¡
ǧ۾һ˲ԺһͼɫĹâܣûлϵôҫۣȴһζ
³һ׼Щâɡ
Ů˾Ȼ˫ϵħʦǽͷٿһ䡣



207 Ļ

ŲƨɣԵ׻˫ϵϹȸˣ̫ƽӹʵ˵ȥɣ
Ħż죬ͬصͷͱүԼ࣬Ȼ̫ͨȻүôǧħʱһѣ
ʱǧ
ǧϵԪزƯɫС㼫ΪƯЩԵ֮⡣
С죬̲ס̾Ų׶ѣþȻܸܵϵħİԵ֮
С֡ô˵ĵЩ
Ů˵ȷ΢ô
Сֻ۵ʱǧѾâɡ
âȫʱֵĸоȫָоսѣɽһϮǳ
âȫգǧȻ۾һɫĵ˸ƽ
ƣоڵϵԪرǿһЩȴδн׵ס
ȻûнףöŬУģ̌Ⱦһ⻪Сֻոֹ˵Щʲô
ղţʱԼСֻ˵Щʲô
̯צӣûʲô˵˫ϵħʦͦġ
ħ޾ˣԿԡԵ۶ûиǧ
ǧεؿǼۣҪ˵Ļȫȥˡ
ڿռڴһǧŴӿռգвѾߴЩҾ߶мҾл̡
ǧţǲãǶģ
һѾ߿˵ǶСģ˵һĶ⣬С㲻õġ
£ҵȻᵣġǧ˹ǣΪǧЩ¶ˣû뵽ԹԽȫˣǳϡ
Ѿ߽첼ƿֵС㣬ǶСūĹضϣϲ
첼ƿ˲䣬һҫ۹ââɢȥǧſϵĶһѪɺ޵ӳͬѪҺʤա
ˣȥҺϲǧֿһۣȱȱؽ첼ϡ
һѪɺֻйãǸЩħ޾˾ͺˣⶫüÿӦЩҰɣ
ŹһʱѾǲŽװá
еüҾȫȻһ£һΣǧѪˡ
ǧõع𴽽ǣȻѾȫŪãǾȥɡ
ѾǸ˸̧űȥˡ
ǧԺд˻Ŵ˾ˮȥѧԺֵӶЩŲŲȥҩʦᡣ
ÿѭͬ顣
ʮպǧҩʦᣬЩӵо̽ǶĻ΢Щ˽⣬ȴòá
ǧʱ㿴Ͽ鼮аͷһһģƺܿҪ˯š
糤ϣˡǧ߽˽Ų
̧ͷıȻ𾴣˰ǱоĻ񵤰ɡ
ǧʶаһۡ
а˯ú죬֪Ѿˡ
üͷֱеаͷ
а飬͵̧ͷЩõ˭Ҵң
ߣź룬һҡ
Ҿ֪㣬ͷаٿЩԾһͼǧѾˣ۾һ̱һСֵ˰ǼоĻ񵤡
ǧϣǰЩ˸ְ취ȴԾûƳɹλϾЩأ
ͷͻȻ̧Ӵҩݣҩݷ뵤¯ЩûģҾΪؼľǻ𿾵Ĳ衣
ҲΪǧĦָ⣬𿾵ĲһֱģұϾһףõǱԴȴҲܸоȱЩʲô
аͬʱҲͬĸоǾԿӡ
ǧ۾΢ʲôӣ



208 

аһۣſ˵õö𣬿ҩʦȼѾ˽ףͻԲͣԣơ
ƣ
ǧͷһ£ͻȻһ뷨ĪǣλͱԴϵİ취Ƶҩ
ְ취дδйأǸЩ
аͷѣǾԣıԴȻĻʱΪЩǵԸӦвһЧ
򴽣䣬ͬа˵ܾЩϹأһ뵽ƳĻ񵤣ЩȲ
ԿǲУоġڣ
ǧ
ҩݴС뵤¯˱£ͬʱ߶ŵ¯ǧıԴȾλϵ䲻ľʤڻʢ첻ϡ
ֲͬĻƵ¯Դ಻ϣűԴԸһ˲ƣ𽥻һʢ
Ļ񵤼ƣһ𿾣ǱȱĵҩЩ裬Щѣвͻǰ
һʱ󣬵¯ûκζ˶ǰȻ亹ðҲһĨʸС
ǧһףʸиǿңܾ񱻳һдһĨϢ
ǧĲԾͻȻһ£ؼʱڣġ
ǧŲʵͷȡЩռ侮ˮȡ
һɲǣϵĲʸȫɢ֮޾˫Ҳڷ⣬糽
ֹ˰ʱ¯һҩζƮƮɢ
ҩζ
ǧͷһѵǵҩڳˣ
лһĨЦ⣬ʮŬûа׷ѡ
þȫ߶Żϵħ˿иɽģȻŲҩζˡ
ôģѵҩˣ
ǧ򴽣һĨ측֣ҪɣΪλĪǻ
ȫʵģĲġ
ǧҧͻȻһлۣͺͨĻ渽
áȸĻȰԵ·ֻ֮С
渽ϣǧȫòеĻٿڵϸߣֱӽ¯׶Ƶͨ췢⡣
ȵĻ棬λһ㶣ͬʱ̾
ȻôȰԵĻ棬һӿĻߣƽδģСֵܵǺˣ
ȹһŨҵĵҩζƮǼ⡣
̫˰ɡ
λٴһ㶣ղŵҩǿΪֳˣ



209 Ƴɹ

λϲٶ룬ŵ¯
¯ƮɢζŨ˳ѡ
Ƭ̣ҩѾΣ˿׼ʱĻŵ¯Թ̣ΪŨҩζƮɢʱϽ¶Ц⡣
ɵˣĳɵˡ
һͬʱ泷ߣһ˲ͨĵ¯׶ֱڰ޹󣬿ͷƮɢζȴѡ
а¯ȴûȥ򿪣ο˰ʱҽյҩζһֱŨӦ˰ɡ
䣬̿ˮЩҴ򿪵¯ͷʲôûС
Ӧˡ罫ָڵ¯ϣŸղƿһ㣬Ȼջֿһаⵤ¯򿪰ɡ
аһۣƺЩԸ⣬ղŲַŵ¯ôأ
ۣ򿪾ʹ򿪡
Ҿǲ򿪣򿪡аͯһҡͷܾͷǧʱһЦ⣬Сֵܣ򿪰ɡ
ǧڿϷڱίΣһֻܵͷܡ
ָ֣ڵ¯ϡ
λϵͶһ˲˲ض²š
ǧͷƤ飬ͷҲһЩżζǲǲ֪ûƳɹ
˫һᣬٽ¯򿪣ɲǣ񱻴ĳֻһΪŨζƮɢ̾˳ھС
ǧͷʱһ£ٿԭز
λϼб䣬ΪǵҩûɣĶ
аСĸΣ¶һʹģСֵܣǲǵҩûƳɹҾ֪ĻǼƵĶֻ£ǻоʮ²ŲС
紹Ĭ
аŴ˵СֵҲģǲŸ˸ͷѣԼоһٳɹģɽҲʵ̫ϧЩ
˵а૳ġ
ζôŨôͻƲĶˣ
ǧ񣬺գգ۾ʲôû˵أλϾ϶ûгɹ
λ϶ûгɹˣǧ𴽽ǣ糽ǲңǲԼʵ
λס⻰ʲô˼
аϲӣֱܵ¯Դȥһƣʯһ
аϿǿʲôǧЦʡ
аȻ񣬼״ΣɵˣĳɵˡһԲɫҩ
ɵˣ
Ҳսһƣԭ˿ҲǼѣĻ񵤣Ƴɹˡ



210 ҪʹͰ

λϽĻȡɫԲĵҩõƻҫӨ󷢹⣬Ǹ߼ҩֻǾž;ͬ졣
аƤִҩôĻ񵤺ϵͬźΪƯ˵ĸо
罫ĵҴ
аջ֣Ŀȴڵҩ޲ýһ³ζ
СҩװҩƿŪ
λǻһľٶǧЦλϣҩѾɣǲӦýӵ£
䣬ǧһ۰еҩƿӡ
ͷûȸİֻĻ񵤵ġ
ԺҪҪֻСõأ
˼ڼ䣬λѾվھͽĻ񵤽ӵ¡
ǧĦǰĻ£ԭûж
а䲻˵һ䣺СֵܣΪλţЩһȥ
ǧԵգգ۾λȥʹһСѧͽȥʲô
аЦ˵ĻƳɹҲĹͣȥ˻ʹܸӵҪʹͣǲȥκʹͿɶûˡ
Ҫʹͣ
ǧӹµһתٿЩˣö죬ʹͲҪɵӡ
ȵңҺһǧվʳǡ
ʳΡ룬Ȼ֮
λǰ˽ҩʦǰɫӨ󷢹⣬ǲŸһ빬вٹǰӴ
ü֮ȫǹ˿и
ģ̌˹Ǽۣ˵ģȶԴС㹫ӶҪҩʦʲôĹȻţƣ
ī軹δʵ۱ȴһʱ䱻ˡ
ڹǵĲ¶һаλϣһĨЦݣ޲֪λϻʹǵȾˣ
ǻʵۣ¹
󣬰翪˵¶ˣҲǸյ
ʵ۽λʼնûпǧһۣ֪λϽǰν£
縣ʵ棬£ҵǰΪӵ¡
ʵ΢΢һ㶣ʶ£
Ϊ˳ȣʺӦʵֵֻۣǰЩӵҪҵƵĻ񵤣Ѿƺá
ʵѾ˽īЩס
ĻƼĺö߲ʯв׵ЧѵãǵǰЩ潫߲ʯŪˣƫƫһζѵõĻ񵤣û뵽Ȼִţλ϶붯ˡ
Ϊģסƫһλ
ʵ򴽣һʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
ʱһϮī軺룬ʣҶ£



211 ֲİ˻

ʵתʵаλϣĻ񵤵ģ
īһ㶣ŷλѾʳǣ󾹻ǧٿζһ£ָֻܿƽǶλƵģ֪λǰǣ
ʵۼִţҲû˵Щʲô
ڶѾ룬ܽƫλκãҲ
縣˸ſڵӵ£ҵѾĻƳ
Ƴˣ
ī΢ԭأ̼֣ʧΪӵ̬һʵƳ𣿡
䣬ڿµָͣ¾һΡ
ǧȷ
˵žͽҩƿȡʱһŨҩζƮɢī费һۣͿƿ׹ԹһɫҩϼصĵҩûκβȴƯ˼֣ŲǷƷ
Ļ񵤣Ļ񵤡ī輤״Σ˫ҲŲ
̫ˣЩĲȫ˰ɣ
ʵһΣҲЩˣȥͤʦȥƫ˵ĻѾƳɹ
ǧǵļУüͷ˼ƫλݿ϶ͬѰ
ʵۻһ䣬ֿλϣλϣɷƼƫ
λ϶һֵۣ˵ͷ
ǧλԸƫſڡ
ƫȷƧΧᾼɽͲľȴʤľҲãһĺõطƫͷȹõüΪ£ɼסͷݵ
ǧĴ˼ۣ㷢ƫڵѾ̫Դűɴ֣±ȾʲôƵģŹŹֵĺܡ
ߵһ޹⣬ʱһѾǰлһЩɴ֣£ڰɡ
ʵ۴ֺʵЩʱգ˻ʶΣ
Ѿ߹ڵϣ˻ӵµˣûת
ʵüľű˽ȥ
īҲļǡ
ǧŲҵؽִϣסͷǰ˻ӵ£ֲûסľĵطݵȷĺܣֻϧ˹ֲ
̧Ž룬ŸһȥŵͷһŨŨҩζҲһҩӣǺʣµҩӡ
λ˻ӵҩУЩˡ
ǧмۣͷʱƼһ߰СкСк˫գȫһЩӣ鲼˷ǳ
ȻôӣʲôŹ˵ġ
ǧʶһϵ֣ѵⲡᴫȾɣ
û룬ǼһɱζϮ
һ㶣Ȼͷһ˲ײһ˫īС



212 ˾ȵСѾͷ

ǧ㶡
ǷΡ
˫īͬӣģһĨ̽
ǧ˶ǣʶϵ֣ڵôʵˣӦϲɣ
ٿĿⴹ£ӹǰöɫʱǳǳζջĿ⣬īü΢䣬ƶһĨɫ
ǧЩڣʶҪסؿڣּջĿ⣬ɳ˿Ϊ汻ʲôء
ǰϵҫ鶯Ʈݣ£ĻƳˣ
ʵ۵ǵģаλƳġ
аߣź룬ͻȻڵҺϼһɵģλзСֵҲаæһ˴æ
ЩɹǧƵ˼ϡ
ʵ۳ǧȥȻôСӣסȴõλϵҩĺǿ
ǧͷƤ飬ɤңֻλϿˡ
аЦļ򣬵ôǫҩ츳ĺܲǵø»ҪЩʹ֪ͣ𣿡
ⷬŪǧЩΡ
ʵ֪аֱڿ죬ƽ϶٣ͣҪͣʦλСֵܣȻҲաԵˡ
οǧüĿ䣬⣬ȷʵԵĺܡ
ǧӣòڣˣβ淢˰ɣ
ջĿ⣬ɫ˿ˡ
ǧ򴽣ͷʱͼīԼüŪ۵ģüȫӵĿ⡣
īЦõ˫°ʹĦš
Ǹ˾ȵСѾͷλƳĻ񵤣ǰŲʮʱ䣬ٶʵھˡ
ǧЩͷƤ飬ż⣬Ŭȥī衣
ʦʵͻȻʵѾõ߲ʯĻ񵤣ް˻ʶĹֲܲκã
īҲתͷΣдżּУʦҵܵܵĲκ𣿡
Ͱ˻ͬͬĸȻֵ
˻ʵܸճʱһŴһཱུĳɰϸϸŴŴĿ磬ԴǰһֲڴϣΨкҩܴҩҲ޷סĲ飬·һͻһ
ī絶ʣεĿҲ˼֡
εڣЩκˡ
īǾʦ쿪ʼɡ
ʵۿԾɻԵİ˻ӣгʹʦҪ޵İ˻ʶκð
εȫȻ˹ֲᴫȾֱӽ˻ӵҩ룬ֽӹ߲ʯա
һɲǣʯϵ߲ʹâ˸ͣĹâֱֱڰ˻ϡ
㷱ʢƲĿ⡭



213 ΪҪз

ǧתףĿͶ˻ϡ
͹âϵĺӣȻۿüٶˣ˺Сӵİۼ¶۰װ׻һŴӡ
ǧǰһУУû뵽߲ʯĻ񵤾ЧʵЩ˼
ʱ߲ʯɢĹâ˻ϵĺҲȫˣâɢȥ˻һס
ν߲ʯߣϵĺѾˣ˻Ӳñ
īȻʵһߵߣʵܣĹֲڱκãԺܴȥˡ
ʵվڴͷ˻ӾòЩ
η˷䣬ο²żȻ
ʵ۵Щ
˵ǧԣӸµΪҪз
翵ǧ̲סһıˣ
˸ָͷװ֪֪ʦ˵ЩʲôԳͽзʦΪʲôȥҵĵ
Ʊ磿
˫΢УĿбһۺ󣬵һ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧ˿ͷŹˣ
ʱһ𣬰˻Ӿ۾
ī輤ֽ֣˻ӵ˫סʵܣھΣǲǺЩˣ
˻ãȻؿΧǻ̫õԵʣ˶κЩƲУ磬ҾúЩ˾ͷЩΡ
īԴںǻһ䱦һ޷˯ͷЩΣϢһ¾ͺˡ
˻ӵһͷͿվһԵĻʵۣһ㶣Դ˲˼֣ʣô
񣬿ӷվ
ʵǰʵ˻Ӵ󲡳ͲˣڿɸоЩˣ
˻ӹһЦװ׵СΪԵݵЩͷЦȴԾɿɰǳʲôˡ
ʵЦеĽȫɢȥ
񣬰˻Ѿ󲡳ʵ۷ԸŷЩӪѾǺտתͷλϡ
ʵ۰ŴĴָϵָλϾ޵ĻʶҪεʹ޶ǵġ
λ϶һۣһҡͷ£Ļ񵤲ҪʲôʹͣʵϲҩϴӵµǾԣҪʹ͵ĻʹλСֵܰɡ
ǧٴαƵ˼ϣͶĿ⣬ָ⡣
Ϊʵ´ǧֿ˵޵ĻʶйʹͽҰħ޾һٿţԡ
ǧ˸лʹ͡
˲ֿ˻Ǯˡ
תףٿڵ£Ǽҩ츳ģͤ



214 Ϊϲ

һʵѾ˴ԭء
ŲŲĴʦȻһȥͤ
̫Ǵˣ
ʦղ˵ʲôʵۻΪԼˣ֤ʵ
ɫݣǧȥͤ̽һҩĵá
ʵסʦҩȤˣ
εֻûʵеľ
ʵ򴽣֡λ϶ڣ̽ҩȥλϣǵ¸أҩҲ˸࣬ƫƫЦֵܸȤʵ̫ˡ
ʵƬ̣ǿڵʦǸȤλСֵҲ޷
θ˸Ծû˵
ǧһۻʵֽۣĿͶϣ˶ˡ
ֻʹҪʹ͵ģûҪȥͤ˼Ҳ֪ε⻹⣬ܸоûô򵥡
ǧüмҧгݵǾͶлʦ񰮡
δһۡ
ǧŲĿ⣬װû
ƫеһ䣬ǧŷȥͤΪߵ̫ϵֲδȡ£ͤǧΣ¶˫ԡ
ǰͷչȾɫӰ͸һһɡ
ǧ󣬾һ仰Ҳδ˵
յǰͻȻڣɤ
ǧһ٣ɤԾɼװ֪飬֪ʦ˵Щʲôһֱܰġ
۾˸ִֵͣЩɰ
βһۣһϵģúֺЦ
ջĿ⣬ߵ¥ſھֽƿ֨߹һµķӳУϸһŻй̴ζǼ⡣
ɡǧݣνŹϡ
ǧûЩš
η£ֿʼ裬ǶõĴۣɱϴǰţˡ
ǧͷһ£վԭҲ֪ǸýǸˣ֪ʦ˵ʲôǲһͤţĻᡣ
νС¯ϣ̾ϢΪװҾϲ㣿
ǧսָ⣬һֱζһ仰Ҳû˵
Ų裬һһˮ˫ˮҪã㻹𣿡
ǧĦϵ֣ûж¡
ֱֽϵ£ɲǣһŰ𪾫µСӳУ˫תʱЦΪ˺޲һ̵ȥ
ܵϵıǧ΢㶡
Ȼ԰õ֣ô
οüۣٴ̾ڶ𣿡



215 㾹ҲẦ

ǧһ죬ȴŬ򶨣ȻʦϳˣҲ˵Щʲôѵ㻹ͷҲɣ
ٴ׵ĳͷΪҪͷ㣿㶮âܺá
˿͸һĨ㣬ǧܵƻһץһѷ࣬Ȼһ
ľٶ΢
δķ
ǲǺ֣οʵЩס
ǧգգ۾Щֵؿһۣʲô֣
οеļ˿ƿٴʵɫķ˿ǲǺ֣
½ϵ˴ӵкɫģ˷ɫܾͬЩ࣬ξƺҪһӦ
ǧЦؿһۣʳ˼̻ĴʦҲз
Ħָ⣬͸ɤЩģַƯװ׵ľѩ覣ҴʦƯͷȻܼԦˡ
ǧ˵˵ţһ仰мֵϷζ
еĽ沢ûκŭֻ̾һˮѾºãȰɡ
صλϣΪһˮʱ硣
׷˿ָߣǧſտҲģͷЩյģ֡
豭Ŭеָѹ¡
ν豭£˫պ˵Ĳɿڵżղû뵽㾹Ϊҩʦϴͬ˵ʱѾΪˡ
Ѿ¶ˣǧƹˤûҲֻһЩõҩѣȥҩʦſʼλоĻ񵤡
ϸϸţƺǲκһ仰ٿǰĿǰİɫ
˵ڿ£ǧܾЩڡ
ɧ佩ʬ۾Ķأ
ͻȻ֣ǰĻϵ˵㣬ҩʦĻ𣬰ɫģһ׵ҩʦ
ǧӣֻ˼ֱ
ôͻȻ͵ˣµλǰٶ̫åˡ
ɸղһ㣬ǧֻһȫЩˣһرֵĸо
ǧ֣εĵСȾΣҵȷһ׵ҩʦʦ뿴ҵĻ£ȡǣֶŵġ
ӳеȾϼζⲻ䣬㣬ҲẦߣ
ǧȻԲ۾ŮӣȻẦˡ
˿̾һֻըëСèرɰ
βֽ°ʱ۵ӿ⣬ǱÿΪܴ󵨣ֶ֪д



216 ϵħ

ǧһᣬǺʦ˻⣿
ʲô˼Ȼô˵
תһ˲뵽ʶԺ飬ϲԵϷϲ˺·һһԲͨĹŮӣʵڴ󵨵ĺܡ
ζ˵𣿡
ţǧĽëװס
ε°ʹֻ°ʹƤϸ󻬣˰֣ҼϵӡǺµģ
ָ䣬ȴޱȣ°ͱôǧЩ
򴽣е뷨ȫӡµģɵʱʦôҹ͵ϴ裬ͷ㣬кβԣ
νɿݡ
ǧһƴһĨЦ⣬ʦ˵ˣҲӳ˵ʱåо
βڵҲް㲨
ǧԭøղŵķЩζˣ˫ֱż죬ٿûʲô˼뿪
ʦȻ̽ҩ飬Ҿˡ˵ţվ
΢΢̧һѽ뻳С
ǧһֱĴϡ
ůĻϤıǼ⣬ǧһҲĺˣʦ˾ΪΣ
νֿ䣬嵭û˿绨ѩ£˵ˣ
ǧһ㶣ٿǹһĨЦݣ˫ֺܲصĦ֪ˣʦ᲻ˣԲԣ
ۣǸСѾͷոջߵҪֵϷˣ˺ֺЦ
ҲǧĵϷˣֱһѣ϶᲻ߣʦǸɧˣϲ˵ֹȴܳʵ
üЩǾ䡰ɧǺ⡣
ǧЦͻȻסĲϲ˲䣬дżʦ˫ֱȴȺͦ
δ˿ˣСѾͷϷʱܴ󵨣һ˵ϷȥẦߵҲû
ܸоر˼
ʣĺ
ģ̌һЦ⣬ĺʦ᲻뿪ҳԷǱʲô
ͻȻһͽϵħ飬Ҫ
ǧգգ۾ͬ飬ϵħ飬Ҫ𣿡
ЩӾڼӽϰϵħҲһֱܵõ᳡ЩӳٳûвʵʵԴҲ֪ںδҲֻܸɵš
񣬷ξȻ˵Ҫϵħ飬ֱǼʱ꣡
ǧȻ̧ͷֱײڷε°ϣóҿ



217 

αȻײһ£ɲǣһĨϸ۸°ʹӿ
üͷʵҪ
ǧСװͷҪơ
γٳٲǧܿ췢°ʹһ飬Ǹղײȥġ
ǧΪ˼ЦЦ°ʹ༸£ʦǱײˣͲˣȲ㽫ϵħóɺã
⼸仰Щƭĳɷ֣οףͻȻЩЦá
ӽָռȡһöɫľ塣
ǧģйâէ֣Щ򣬡ǵͽϵħ飬û뵽ʦ㾹ⶫ
νⶫݵС
ǧһѽӹһעȫϵˣƵýζҲʶŤһ£ʦҪⶫ𣿡
ŤʱŮ˱Ƕۣлɬǣ͵ƳĻ񵤵ʹΣ
1
ü°һѣɺ˵
ǧʹصۣ˵Ͳ˵ʦʲô
㳤ԣ˵εϸϸȴ־ú
ǧõüһĹ⣬ڴʦϵķݶϣҾͲƽˡ
οǼϵ㣬һ
ǧϵ鶪ռ䣬֪ŷЩԾȻʹ͵ĻӦøϵŶԣϾǰչʾĶǻϵħϵδ˾ȴΪΣ
ʦΪҪϵ飿ģ̌ȴǷ˫īǻϵħʦӦøһϵĲŶ԰ɣ
δƽƲ⣬Ѿϰõͽ׻ϵħܣٸϵظˣ㲻һĲ𣿡
ǧ£üͷֻô򵥣˵Ѿʲô
ҲһȻܺáǧٴףƺҪЩʲô
ţ̬ݣϵħܣϲ
ã˿ûڿЩʲôǧɴܵջĿ⣬ҲϲϲұϾϵħʦöɫ忴ֻˡ
üտڲ˵
ǧͷƤ飬ڵŤŤ
ɲǣ嵭ıζǼ⣬˴˲һ𣬶ʱѡ
ǧһϣŷԼڷεĴϣŲʱϵȸݣܿ촩͸Ĳϣġ
飬ȣƽ˳硭
ſˮһӲ֪ô졣
ε֫ϣвŮ֮顣
ʱ֨߹һűƿˣҹһˮ
Ȼ½ŲһġһУ



218 ǧ

죡
ɵӾһС걧һ𡭡
⻹㣬ӾȻζСԼϣ˫ƻ֫
罺ᣬǳֱ۾
ҹŹ̵һޱͻȻѺۣӵɵôġ
Īǣһֱϲˣϲִݰף۵ꣿ
ҹӰ֮࣬˶ˡ
һֱΪӻϲǧѩŮӣǧģϲ˵ĻӵĲָõΣ
ҹ򴽣вιһǡ
ʱ̧ȫ֮ɫƽһˮȻˣͰѹ̷ϰɡ
ҹȻŲŲ˫ţȫӲͬͬ
ˮ̶ҹԾûҪߵ˼һˣдżӣܸоЩϤƺ
ǧͷƤ飬عŷԼڷδϣҧٴӷδصװһ̹Ȼģ
ˣ΢˫üȴֺܿҹǧСҪ뿪ˣȥɡ
һҹٴס
λݰ׵꾹ǧ
ҹ䲻ִۣرϸҹ׸ղŵϤдӺδԭǧС㣬ֻǴװѡ
һĹС⴩װλǧС㻹ȫףһûдҹӣƫƫͦϲ
ҹʵ벻ͨˣΨп˵ǧС㣬ȥ
ǧҹĽŲʱʶο˼ۡ
ղһƮƮĻֱӵݣҲ֪⻹⣬ܾЩˬ
̧Զ£ȱˮ
ǧȻջĿ⣬ȣڡ
᷿ҹһ㷢ؿڴİɫ£ϵŻΪ⡣
ҹȻɴ۾ǡҩʦĻ°ɣ
ȻΪ˴½Ϊϡȱҩʦֱ˼顭
ҹſˮӲٴγѺۣ˿ԼΪλⲻͬȷעĿʱ
ǧ֮һĻϵħʦǴ½ϡȱҩʦһһг񲢲ǧѩ١
ǧģ̲סʣҹôˣ
ҹȻβѣûʲô
ǧֿһ̧ۣ߳ͤͷķ羰ûͤˣҲûֵҩ㣬ֻвľζ˱Ƕ
ḧǰĻ£뵽ֵͷָо
˫һᣬֱӳ»¶ռ䣬·ɽʱͻȻһֱֻӽ˼ɽС



219 Ϊζͬ

ǧֻһתعʱѾīѹ˼ɽϣɲǣһɼΪŨҵϢϮ
Ǽɽˡ
ǧ̲סһۣȫ޺֮⣬ӵ£ϲɽ̸
ϢһһżȸУɽбͻ谵쳣˵ЩΣһ޶˵нӿ
ī费˫˫ڻ谵Եᣬֻϲ̸ϲ𣿡
ǧƽЩˣٶҼ겢һϲģӵ¡
õձһ仰ȫɢīüЩЦõضǧС㣬û˺˵ĺܲ飿
ǧʵؿɽϣëû˺˵Щ˺˵̫Щȫ֪֡д
ī򴽣һʱ䲻֪˵
ǧ°ʹĦͻȻü٩ӵ²ȥŸĻʵۣȴĻɣ
īһ㶣ֻЩЦãСѾͷʲô˵ûа֡
˵ҪĻᣬӦ𣿡īţͬǳ
ҲӦǧۣͬһɵīĽ
īɽϿտҲЩ񣬾ĽֽƲˡ
ǧ䣬Ӽɽ뿪ӵ£Ҿˡ
īֿסٴνС
ǧӵʲô
ī费ٿһĹ⣬Ϊηλͬ
ᵽǧͷһ׵ɫ漣ɢ˲٣Լı仯˶ˡ
ҧҧ֪ӵǺ⣬ʦҾ͸Ѱһûκβͬ
˵ЩʱǧܾЩ飬Ӧû͵ϴ裬Ҳû˭ڴϰɣ㲻һֲͬ
ī趢üۣ˫δӲȥͤȴƫƫȥˣϴѧѡΪŪһ
ǧͬĵ˵ţǴǴʦҿŰŪ˸Ǵʦ̽ҩ֪ʶȥͤкβɣ
ﶼɡīҪִ̽ȥλϣΪƫƫѡ㡭ղҲǽϳ˰ɣ
ǧһһʱ䲻֪˵
ī迴̶ֵطǳû֪Щʲô߽̫ܲ򵥣Сһ㡣
ڹ
ǧĿ⣬зִ硣



220 Ҹһŵ

ƮƮĿīͷһð
˵ˣͺûƵģ˲˲ʹ졣
ī򴽣Щõ˵һ䣺зִͺá
סǧ˼£ѲüûӵҲţҲЩʹͰɣ
üۣī費ЦҪʲôʹͣ
ǧƬֿ̣ڵʹЩңٵа򡣡
ī㶣㱻ǸӶЦˣѾʹ͸ңСѾͷθڵǲСҲҪôࡣ
ǧָ⣬һģٶҲϲӵǾҪ̫ˣ
ûСīüңƺǧһҿԸһŵŵһΣյʱ跨ȫ㡣
ǧ΢΢סһŵ跨ȫҵŵ
īлǧǹ⣬ҵĻʵܣҵĴˣʹʲôʵ̫ӹףұһŵֻҪΣұܣ㿴Σ
ǧָ⡣
ͨô˵ԻһЦ˵ⷬī裬ȸӵ£˵㻰ⷬҲһƣͷ𺳣Ҳ˲١
Ϊβ˵˵īߴһ
ǧȻͫͣŵܺãȷʵǺܰʹͣϣ˽֮ԡ
ī蹴Ц
ǧۣͻȻڵȻӵѾһŵˣΪڻɿ
īԽɿһգܾģҪȥ
һõͷţǧʶ౻ץ۵󣬵ȻҪǧˣڻʹҲãٲȥɲС
ͬʱ߳ɽһȥӭĴǧЩʣֵס⣬˺һӦˡ
īվͷƱЩӣѧԺԴսҪʼ˰ɣ
ǧָͷµʱͦ죬ʱԴսвʮ죬쿪ʼˣвʮ졣
īļ̲ס˵ɵüӰѾˣϾڰ£ǶúȫûκԴûսʤûԴպҲһأҪϳͻѡ
ǧ潫Ļ꣬˵ЩҶ֪ʮǳսۣҶȫԸ
˸ǧâţ㣬貲
ī趨㱻ȥ
̫Ưˡ
ī裬ǧٻصǧҡ
صԼԺ뵽͵ϵ飬Ȳռ䡭



221 ϵħ

֣Ҫȥѧѧѧ
һѧϰһϵħٴνأ
ҳöɫľ壬תͽ˱㡣
еļ飬Ź˵öɫľܺóԵӣղűүӦóһڡ
һצӻϣŭȵǲɵǿСѾͷĵͽ׼飬ǸҳԣŲιëַӽɿС񣿡
Щã𿪣ǿС񡣡
ָ죬ֵڻһֻ໴С񣬴ȥСѾͷǱ߸״͵Ŷɡ
䣬СȣQ϶¥
ͦǿӲͻȻ뵽ԼĴˣ׷ȥιɱ˵Ժħ޾˱÷һЩ
Ȼ½Ų۾ɽ
ǧŬļܣȫ֪СֻѾĳף׼ǱΪ飡
žеԺҲһͼͼйâ˸ɫһγһԲȦԲȦ벻ʱӨâðǧǰʢͷҲ
Ǳϵͽħ׾죡
ǧǺͼŬħȫս룬ȫԺǧԼһı仯
һ̣ܵϵԪڴڶģһĨ׵ϮĴ۸ȫָоȴ˸̡
Ѿȫѧˡ
ǧ³һȻ۾ʱеɫ˸ѣȫûͣס
Щ˼ֻͣѧϰ˵ͽ׼ѣܸܵϵħİԵǿЩмܲס
СֻѾϰõͽ׼ܣ˹
ųдŨŨİŮ˵ЩôȻڶ̶ʱϰ˵ͽϵħ
ǧ˵ͻȻйϮŪȫ׵һģر
ãϵħҪˡ
Ҷ룬ȱۣһҽףɲǣһޱȵͼٴγ֣ǧǧâ࣬ϵԪء
ΧƯϵԪأӶԲˣŮǲǷˣѧ˵ͽ׼ܶѣͽˣ
˽׶ǳѣЩҪһ꣬꣬ЩȴҪһӣðײһʱضܽס
ĳľΪһֻȸҪϰ˵ı̬һֱģ׾ͽ¡
Ұû˵ɫȴЩӡ
ǧ׵ͬʱΪԼҲܵǿνһ˵õȮ죬ܺԼоҲͦġ
ߺһͻȻЩߣŮ˹Ȼͦġ



222 ȥ¥

ĺߺôǰرС֪ĺ˰ɣԺ󻹸Ҳٰڳһ߰ӡ
óָıӣүϹȸȻи߰ʱ㲻һֻûӣû˵Ȩˡ
Ҫʱǧৡһ۾
ʱ͸ĺһɫеĹâŽɢٴλָƽ
СֻһԭزԲôͻȻˣ˰
ǧûЩʲôǴͷԼƣô첻ͣϵħڽˡ
˿̣ϵħף
Ȼûдﵽϵħˮƽϵͽħʦܣϵħܷӳ׵Ҳܲˡ
ģ̌Сֻԭأɿʵôһľͷˣ
ʲôһľͷˣȫĻСѾͷҳģþǸ̬Ȼֽˣϵײ
ǧսȭͷֻûȷʵʱҪŬϵħˣϾϵħҵޡ
̯צӣħôô
ǧЦЦû˵
ڶ¥һǧãʵӣһжòȥ¥Ҿö¥Ѿûˡ
ô˿̶¥һֻ࣬ӣͲܱٴȥĻֻӶˡ
þȵգ۾Ŷã㾹ö¥ˣ
ǧվĿ䵽ѵ¥ϣӣŹȥһˣڼҲڶ¥ҲƬ̲ͣҩԡ¥ĶҲˡ
ñQǰצĸ첲ֻ쳣ʵЩҩԡĹͣƬڿڵǲħȼҲھͿȥ¥ˡ
ǧȹڳ¥ȥ
ļģ̲ס죬ǸļСѾͷܲ¥֪ء
ôԹŻǸ¥
ԭĥһҲȥˡ
һ¥Ũ˷һ񱩵ķ磬̾ͻὫǧεˣǧһԵӲ£ֻýЩʱرһķ˳Եñġ
ǧ£Щڡ
ĺ
Ͷ¥ĸоǲһʢ簡
Źһʱǧৡһ۾˫۾ؼĹ
ԼƣȻûнף˲ڵѾǳӯٹûϵħܸһ˰ɡ
û뵽СѾͷȻӦ¥ԭվ˰죬̲ס



223 Ҳ

ǧ·ϵ壬վȻҪӦˣҿɲʳ¥Щζ
ûצӵŲոս¥͇Nɪɡ
ǧúһֻӼƽϣӾͳ¥
Сֻԭضһۣȥ
¥ǧٶһЩҩϾʮպԴսѧҩģǵҩ˱ʧȥһ㱣ϣƶҲȥʱҶ˾ȥķװ
˵ǧӲмƷбȽϲķףٶȵѥӣʮպԴսЩӵܶʹֱǲͿˡ
ԣͷϻЩңҪ
ǧ˼¯ҩۣͦ˳ռЪϢȥˡ
գȥһ˺ѧԺʣµʱȥȸֹ䣬Ƶûкֱ˵Ļ׻ѥӡ
ȸϼΪ֣װӾֻһңĹСֻȥһ˵ĶǾƷܹء
ǧȥʱ򣬾ͷۼźöˣǽԴһϮۣӦöǺѧԺˡ
Ҳԡ
Դսڼֶţ˭ҹȥԣ
ǧȥǣǽĿͶǰĹϣڷŸֻ׺ͷѥӣÿвһãԽľԽá
һۣ˲䱻ˡ
ҪҪô
˵һ׶Ҫһٶ򣬹һҪǧˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣͷֻһٶֻ˵ģǧֹűļλһѣ
ʲôģȻ˲
ǧŸɱĿڴЩΣҪȥҩ
δεʱ򣬱һŵϣ𿪣װͱ˵ĵ
䣬ǧͱײһߡ
ǧ˼ſվȽŸšüǱ߿ȥͼײǺѧԺѧ
˳еȣƤڣһ˫񣬾ͺһȮʱᱼҪҧˡ
ǧøӾͺá
ߵļСȴŹһͷͻȻڵĽϴǸײŮˣǲǧҵķϲ񰡣
һӸ͵ǷϲϲֿǴȸ½Ҳ֪ǲǿˣȻ˻ϵħʦѧʸ񡣡
ϵħʦĽǭۣſʱߵļ¶һֱڼû뵽ȸ½ô¡
ǧĽǭĿ⣬ܾ񱻶ȮһüԲ
ͷиͣҪĽϴô£
Ľǭ´ǣ߼¶ܰ˲ҧϣιҲ򻤼׺ѥӵģ



224 Ȯ

ǧջĿ⣬װû
ĽǭԼӣ˫Ҳ˼֣ιں˵أǲˣ
ǧָ⣬һɫڸ˵𣿡
Ľǭʱ̱¶ڿУȻڸ˵ȸ½ǧС㻹˭˵ķϲ񣿡
ǧЦĿⶨǰȮһӡ
СܻĽݡȸ½ĽݼҵĵճĽǭ
ĽǭǸݽɫСӾͼΪ𱬣˭ֻҪǵûк³ǰ˵ػͱһƴ˳ȥûȴһ޷ĲȻûаΣԺ˯ã޷죬ƫĽүԾɼΪƫҲˡ
ǧ벻ᱻȮϣ浹ù
ڸ˵ôش𣿡Ľǭ֣ĥɾ
ǧ̹Ȼη壬ԲҲз޷شĻ
ĽǭǰĹӣͻȻϱ۳һ󶴣ҺҶ죿ҲҺҶ죡
վСǲͣ군Ľϴһأ
ǧи䣬ԲҲ޷Ǩ㡭
Ľǭ򴽣һɲǣԼҧƣѪȴһϴθҸҶˣھ˯Ҳȥ飿
Ľǭƽֽλķ
ڼңʲô£
ǧ۲ӿ˼Ҷ䣿
ĽǭһڴߵѪգƺζͦòЦˣѽ㣬㻹ôţҾȥܵظɡ
ǧ򴽣ܾλвһòᡣ
ǲ˵ĽǭѾָռе乭ȡһɫ乭Ƕħ޾ˣȫ߹ĺˡ
ǧ乭һһ㶡
һѼƷ乭ԲǷƷ
үүϵ乭䴩ࡣĽǭ乭Цֲ̣ʱĴȫᱻ𣬶õĹ޾ǹڳ
ǧ챻Цˣ񾭲ɱԼ
Ľǭֱֱǧüۣһ𺡣
ʱСͻȻסĽϴʮպԴսˣѧԺ涨ѧ֮䲻öд裬ɱ˸ǲԵġ
ǰһ־ͻᱻȡսʸ񣬵ʱ޷ӵԴˡ
Ľǭšüͷ乭£ߣΪһԴҲûôɵ
ǧüԷɣл۵ⲻȥ
Ľǭ
סء



225 ˫սѥ

ĽǭûзĹ⣬ɺʲôһеϵ乭ǰһƣΪѣ´ͬҲѡ
ǧüʾ˵ȥ
ĽǭŹѵϵ乭ǷƷʮպһս˽㣬ʱҿȸ½˭ܼǵ֡
ڼ˷ˣɣνʥŮǧѩοһվѻϵķ
ǧĽһ˫۾磬һ˿ǳɱ⣬Ŷԭ㾹뷨ǾĿԴ
ƮƮĻĽǭԼ񱻿ˣָҲòھţʮպ֪ʲôŵĴۡ
ǧûתڱĹǰࡣ
Ȯù
ղϣʮպԴսҲϵģǿʤӣķﱻ˸߿ԣղִҲƵġ
ǧʼ磬һν
ĽǭıӰò㽫߷ﾹң
СǼæǳοĽϴ󣬱һƽϣʱսѵˡ
ǣͬУĽϴܺʥŮţˡ
Ľϴһϵħϵ乭գ֮ܽŪ
ŸƨĽǭȻΪõع𴽽ǣҲԣҵȷúһƽϣЩˡ
䣬Ļ׺ѥӣϰ壬ҶҪˡ
˽ңĽǭҡڵ˳ȥСܸһȺʵ۳Ѳһ
ǧ뿪ıӰ
ʮպԴսǾͿ˭˭Ӯˡ
ǧЦȥһ᳡ҩֻصװ
ҩһһٶͷҲٶҲֻ˵ģ˵ķӳЧҲã˷ѽҡ
ǧŹϸɫĶЩƲ׸ʲôأ
ѥӰѾͷռеʶԻ㶼ҩԡˣʶǿ㲻Ҳ޷ѥٶȣٶȱͿ죬ٿһǾǽˡ
ǧȻʣ书Ψ첻ƣǾѥˡ
һ˫ֵһʮҵСƷѥӣ˫ѥӲٶȣŵ׻ǶƬӣһɱֲ
˽ңǧ˫ѥЩ֣۸ʵֱֻۣʣʮ⵰ˡ
ǧɱĿڴ̾˿߳װӡ
СѾͷ̾ʲôˡռеźħ޾ˣһС



226 Դս

ǧҲͻˣҲԣĿǰԴսΪҪˣǴҪġ
Ĺ͵Ķӣò˵
ǧֶ룬ѥӺȥӶЩίΪԼŪ˺ЩңЩħ޾ˡ
ԡħ޾ˣûһɳڵӡ
ǧصԼԺһѾͽС㶼ôħ޾ˣΪλûɳڣ
һۣЩ㣬ô죬һٶűүܴﵽɳڡ
ǧ۾ܾЩԾ԰ι˺öħ޾ˣôҲôŰɣ
ſˮؽĿƵ˱𴦣ү˵һٶžͲһٶţ㲻űү𣿡
ǧӣԣҾǲ㣬˵ҸԵЩħ޾˶ȥˣ
Ŀһţ֧֧ߣүֻӳһЩһֱųԣүҲѡ
ǧűߵըëʲôгųԣС͵ߵĺ
ǧСֻûƢˣԺħ޾˶Сԣץɳڣͱ˺𣿡
գһ
ǧؿСֻһ仰û˵߽
ܿ죬ʮպԴսڶÿս֮ĶԾƽúܡ
ҲܣԼһǧˣȡǰʮѧܻԴһõԴ࣬ʮΣҪһǧȡõһĳɼ湻Ǻ˵ġ
ǧһֱںȾƵİ̲סʵﵼʦĵӾҪȥμԴսˣͲż𣿡
һãĪʲôɵĵģľģľҲûá
ǧһۣ⻰˵ûͦе޷
žƺ«Ľų˻ϣֻ
һǰǧ̾˿ʵﵼʦԴսʼѧԼʦȥ㳡ϣͲȥ𣿡
ʦȥˣͻµӹʿʱʿŪһߵǾͻ񲻿ɵֱǰ
ǧ̫֣ɻϣȥƹǺü궼ûСݣûƻҲ漣
ڰ֣һԸԴսʲôȥģȥȥ
ˡǧ̾һ뿪Ȼ㲻ȥҾȥˡ



227 ӵĵʦ

ⳡԴսѧԺֵüΪǧȥʱѧ͵ʦѾˣδ¶ԺҲС
ԺѦĿ棬ȵİ׷ͷ
ǧ̨ϿһۣҵԼλã¡
ѧǵλöǷõģϹһɵһľ̴һɵһÿϵϰˣɵǧ
Ǻǡ
ڰϵľֻǧһˡ
¹µһˣԼҵʦӣ
ϵѧƼЦ۷׷ףԳƾնһ
һ̣ǧԼֻӣڱѧԺǧ˲ιţܵ򴽣װûһ
˵˵ɣҲٿ⡣
ѧǼ۵øӴˣľ̴ϵλĽǭһ⣬Լִָľ̴ʦǵʦûĻҲܲμԴս𣿡
ľ̴ǧһۣۿ˵͵ѾͨС飬ȻܲμսûԼҵʦųӣֻбƲķݶ
ĽǭֽĿͶȥֻһЦøΪ˵ǸѾܾûͽˣһվôһ˼
˵ľ̴¶ʲôĵʦʲôͽܣƹϲ񣬵Ǿ䡣
˵ĳƮϹߣ򴽣Ϊõľ̴ΪʦעԼУǣ˵ʲôùܵģ𣿡
һȣŵѧ
ľ̴һۣ׽һҪݺŪһ
Ϲûͷͳǧȥ
ǧӡܺãһЦݡ
ϹҲЦЦͻȻϹ򶫱ߵķȻɴ۾ܵĳ־һģζͣͷƽһĨ֮ɫ
ǧòԾ̻ȥ
ͼһƺ«ײײӳúܿ¶澫׳ļ⣬߼һھƣˮʱ½ǰȾʪɲǣһǷϸϮһһڳ˸롣
Ϲָ⣬ȾһĨɫû뵽ʱ꣬ȻǼСľݡ
ǧգգ۾ڰĵҲЩ⣬վӭȥʵﵼʦ㲻˵ôڸıˣ
ƺ«£һѣһϵһμӣΪʦ۸㣬صӣ㻹ˣ



228 ͺڰǣ

ԣǧ㶣Ȼˣһϵһˣú顣
һã˲Щֲ嶫
ǧλϡ
һλϣбźˮȫûаûʦӡ
ǧҡͷջĿʱ㷢ϹһֱԼҵʦ۲΢΢˵˿͸
ǧڿԼϹѸٽĿջأ»ᱻЩʲô
ˣǧüͷ֮Ȼеʲôɡ
ʱϵѧˣɷˡ
꣬һǷϵľƹȻǺѧԺĵʦ湻۾ģ
һЩ̫˽ܾǴĶĽлӣһʱ
Ǵ˵еǸƹҾлһĳֱּ˺ѧԺĺ
˭˵أѧԺ澹סСľҲ֪Ϊʲô
һ˵˵ҲߵĵʦƫͺڰħʦṴᣬ³
žˮѧǵܲˣȫԼУɵڰħʦ⼸ʱƤһ
˵ʲôһЩѧ͸ӴˣҲ˵ʲôͺڰħʦϵƫѧԺҪ治֪Ϊʲô
ĪǣڰħʦϹ
пܣǸ˵ĵط˲͸ñΪЩ˭Ըһƹ׳԰ס
վƺ«һʱǷ˼֣һӡ
ұ͡Ϲǰ¶ҲɫǱԣǽġ
ѧŵٴ
˻ξƺ«ۿϹϹЩѧ˵³أ˵ˣҲʲô
ϹԲ˫Ŀһû㡭ˡ
ջĿ⣬Ҳȥһۡ
Ϲҧ촽Լĺȫˣ
ﵼʦϹٵʦϵͦãǧ̲סʡ
Ķģ
ǧգգ۾ղŶΪ˵ˣУ˵ʲôڰħʦᡭ
һƺϣ˵飬СӼҼҵıܣҪľսʤȡԴ



229 ⳡʢ֧

תƻ⣿
ǧ΢УȴҲڴϹˣսϲԻҵȷҪʤˡ
ûʱЩģ˿֮ûûιžˮ
ֺģڸ̨֮ϵѦԺʦһ㶼ûܵӰ죬ĵҲȷһϾѧԺԺҲܿ
µǧѧӣʮһǿʳʱѧԺʱӰԴҪģ˭ǿԴ˭ȡ׼𣿡
ⷬģѪڣսӴ
˭ǿ˭һȥǺѧԺʱ淨
ǧȻսȭͷ˸Ųս⡣
죬ҪԴУ
ѦԺֵ죬㳡ǲǣⳡʢ֧䣡
һѧٴηڡ
ǶҲǵһβμѧԺ޲ȥ̨жһ壬ԴС
ǧˣͲʮҪӱĺѣ
ѦԺԾԾԣŲս⣬һȾҲԼ·˺üʮ꣬ⳡսӲɼ߿ʼսһûٴսĻᣬλʹ
ģ̌ѦԺһۡ
δӲɼ߿ʼսǲɼߣһֱ󣬿Ҳб׶ˣҪ֮ǿ˴ʤ˱ʵĵһǰ˿Ҫڸ
˵м䲻Ҫž޴ѹ
ǧüһ
ΣֻҪвоͺˣν
ʱ̨ϵһսѾ죬ڶսǲɼһһŮһһħʦ˽ӵȴֻǼӣϵװǶ⣬ȴҲȫ
վһɲǣ˿ٲһջ߻ʤˣţǵϳ
Զƽ棬ǧЩ˯
ϴεСȻֻǱԣҲܼӷӳ˵ԿǶħϰԺ˽⣬ȴҲڼӷӳ˶սľ顣
ߣֻսϵСף½ߣ
ǧ۽ǣ˯ţĴ򶷣һҲ顣
һǧˣ̭ЩߺǰһıԣǰһǾḻţ΢е˼ˡ
ǧ΢΢ſ۾̨ʱ˫



230 װ

ʱ
վ̨ϵǧһֵ֪Ůӣû뵽Ҷĳɼſﵽһ٣ĳɼϴλҺԼģ
ǧһЦĿֱֱͶǧϣҪ
ǧԴһˮϵħʦˮϵʱֻ֧ˮϵϣֻǸħûϵǿεʤѾˡ
ǧգٴο̨ʱǧѾӮˣһһɱ
ɲǣǧվ̨ϸͷŸ׷
ţһϳȻǵˣˣˡȫǧ˳ȥھ˿ɵеսһս
ѧѪڣ׷׽ǧ˸ߴ
λ㵹Щ£ѾӮ˰ɣžãʱȥǧ˵
ǧɢľѬöûƢˣ㣬ȷǱǰЩЩˣϺһĻףѥҲء
ֲˣԭװһͦƷ׼ģϾǽŮп϶вٺñ
أ׼ʲôװ𣿡
ңǧָָԼͻȻ֮ЦװﶥĻҪһǧ˵ҲҪһٶһ𣿡
üëЩͬ˵ʲôû׼Ū˸
ǧҡҡͷصػλСѾҲ㣬һ˫СƷѥӣҵٶȣŵҲЩСʱҲó
ѥӣ´ֱۣҩԡݹԺѾ˾޴ı仯ڵĽҲʵ˲٣㲻Ҳܵ˺һ򻤼׻ģѥӺãʱҲܵ÷ɿ졣
Ϊ͵˵СѾͷǴȻ뵽Ҫѥӡ
ǧӭ̫⽥书Ψ첻ƣ𣿡
㵹ǿͨ͸ֵۣʱѪ﷨ȣֽһ㱣ϡ
ǧɷá
̨ϵǧԽսԽ£ҪЩССˣѾɱʮˣսۺ죬ɱһˣȫǰʮУ
ǧָףȥǰսˡ
ͻȻһۻɫӰ̨ϣ˿˭̾ѡ
Ȼɴɴ
λճŮϵħ׻ӵһȣǧҪӮֻ»ѣ



231 ױϵɴɴ

̨֮ϡ
ǧһɴɴҲûףҲ˵֮һףеĽȾ˸ͷۣ߹ٶȼֱǿҺ
ǧ̿ˮҲǰôƴСѰɴɴ㣬Ż
ɴɴƿͼеĽȻ䣬Ʊ˪˷˲佫ǧⶳԭء
չҫ£ǧŵµı˪ҫ⣬ȴҲʵǳ
ⳡսۿʼû룬Ѿֳʤ
ǧ⿴Žŵµı˪һ±ơ
ʲôûôͻȻԭˡ
ɴɴĦнȣ߰üǧѾܸˣǫ̂
ǧҧгݣɱ˪סɫˣ㶳ңôȥ
ԲסˣҾһˡɴɴһţװ޹ؽ˪ߣ½Թˡ
ǧõԲ˫ûλСɣΪҪԼ
ǧɻΪĵ̨ǰʮȥصⲻҪһ١
ɴɴԶȥıӰ°Ȼü۸ľǧ͸øѵ
ǧ̨뵽ղɴɴֻһоȡʤüͷ
ɴɴǰҪЩˡ
˵λɴɴױϵţôױϵϾģ˫ȴޱȡ
ױϵ
һǰѰ񵰣ɴɴҲױϵѣһԺѾִף̶һʱ׾ʲôٶȽɿ찡
ǧΪԼٶѾܿˣڼɴɴֻú񱻴ˣһóݡ
һھˮ϶˵ţԴλճŮҲΪܳ裬СԾҩҲΪ˲ħʦҺԺһȪˮȪˮɲ򵥡
Դ࣬ӹɵģ˵ʲôȪˮ
ǧʵȪˮʲôȪˮ
۾ɫٶȵȪˮȪˮŨֻҪͷ΢ЩʱղܽˣͨȪˮһ죬ܶʮյ
ʮյ
ȥһЩˡ
ǧһ뵽ռڵıͷԣӦòȪˮɣ
ҵȪˮ棿ǧǷȪˮӣһ䣺Ȼô棬ҪȥȪˮһܶɣ



232 ɴɴ϶Ȯ

һۣЩͲ㵣ˣȪˮϣ˭Ҵֲôġ
ԭˡ
ǧܽһصͷ
ƺ«£ֵɴɴſִףӦǼԦ˰ԵϾǿҩȪˮĵȼ
ǧĬƬֽ̣ĿͶ̨ϡ
ֻɴɴñϵħɱһƱˣı˪Ө⣬ִżѹȸС
̨֮ϣһıϵħʢ磬ֻɴɴʢ硣
ѧǼɴɴԽսԽ£һٴηˡ
ѹܾɴɴıϵħЩԾԭǽ˰
ʲôˣԭףͬ˸һףǽ׵Ļͱˣͺǧѩȼһ𣿡
ԺһͳɱӣҽҲԽԽѶȣɴɴôʱڽףֱϹ۾˺
һǧѩҲءһЩѧ̲סЦ
ǧǵơȥĽףѾͣĽ׺ܾˡ
ԹˣݺݵסԼֱ
ʱ̨ϵɴɴֽһɱ
ɱԴĴ󣬵ԱϵħĶᣬмܲסһױϵһССĽܴù
ģʲôʱ׵ģү֪𣿡ԴͼȴôҲӲ˪Ľ
ɴɴղý׵ģôŵˣ
˺𣿡Դ˵ÿţϱΪḻϵħߣүͶˡ
ɴɴԽϵħߡ
õͷŵԴ̨
ԴһߣɴɴֻҪսˣܵõһķԴˣ˫ͫһ
Ľǭ
Ǹܲã˳Ȯˣ
˵ǰЩһֱڼǴСҲûˣû뵽ʦǾ˽һ飬õ˵ڶĺóɼ
ɴɴȮʲ񣬿ÿζõķʵѡ
ҵĵճŮ𣿡Ľǭƿǣ¶
ɴɴ䲻һղָоͺ񱻶Ȯһ˺ܲˬţҵĵճŮ
ϵףĽǭ˫ٿһ٣ҲôֻὫ˶ԭ𣿡
ɴɴδܹ裬СǺˣҵıϵħΣ˵㣬ҪȴԺʵ˵



233 ÿƶٶ

ĽǭЦøӷ̣ԣǸʵ˵ӵ׷ϵħܽ㴵磬Ųţ
ɴɴס
ףҲ
ƽĽǭɴɴ֪ѵִ׵ż˵ɴɴһͻ
ǰҲĽǭû뵽ôȥˣ蹷һ˭ҧҧžƺ«пһ
ǧ𴽽ǣͷһ࣬Щ˵Ӳǻʱı䣬ԽԽŲţͽҲȮҧˣ
´ۣųţϾҲǲֵȮҧϵҲ
ǧЩЦã֣ǣҧҵİ
ҧȥͳˣһۣƮƮһɴɴˣˡ
ǧʧһЦʦͽģ
һҵϵֻһˣָ㻹ָ˭
ǧʵ˵̫еˣ޷
̨֮ϣ׶ף˵ʵһ͵ÿս飬͸װļƷ̶ˡ
ɴɴеĽȲö˵϶ǷǳģĽǭеϵ乭Ҳ׷ϵħܻأ
ɴɴĽǭڵӿ⣬ŵõһ
˺ÿ£һҧϿ˦˦
ɴɴһеĽȶʱ𣬾۵ɲǣ̨ӿ˾˵ĺ
Կԡ
ѩױ˪ܱѸᣬٶȿþˣһ˲ڵĶ֮ƣ̲ı˪˵սľ
ɴɴٴλӶȣһɲǣ̨ȫˣٶֻ֮Ҫвͻᱻԭأ֮
ӣȮͲ˰ɣ
ɴɴϲسĽǭڷȥһƣͫ
ô£ΪǱ߾һˣ
Ľǭأ
ͻȻһƴŰ֮ľҹɴɴʶԾ͵̧ȥֻĽǭ߶ŷϵħڱΡ
ٶȼ죬ֻ˿һӰ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ϵħ˵ƶٶȣҲô졭
ɴɴڱϲתεĽǭ۾޷׽ĽǭжĹ켣һ취ûС
ÿٶȡǧĽǭٶӦúԼˣĽǭٶȣͬ˵Ӧһİɡ



234 Ͷɴɴ

죬ĿĽǭѥһۣԴϵħٶȣȴҲô죬㿴ϵ˫ЬӣӦװİɣ
ϵħЬӣŻ㾪˵ٶȣ
ǧ뵽Ľǭһ־װĶһǻףһǱϵѥӣû뵽ѥӾٶôࡣ
Щʱ򲻵òϣҲһʵ
ٶô죬ɴɴҪǺġǧ̾һֳ̨Ͽȥ
̨֮ϣĽǭ԰Լٶȣͬ磬ֵɴɴЩͷۻĽǭֻһЩı𣬿ûá
ûáĽǭȻô˵ͣ˽Ų
еվڱϣ·ܲǵĺ
ɴɴģʣЩҧ
Ľǭۣһ˲ƿ¶ڵȾһĨ񱩺ͺھһкߣȥҲʵû˼ˡ
һкߣ
˿ɴɴǰȷܽһк𣿡
Ľǭ´ǣȾӿһ֪ˣҲ˵ϻ
䣬ĽǭȻ乭ɲ֮䣬乭ϳһС͵ħѤõħۼһΪڡ
һ˲һĨӴ乭й
ӿߺĽǭ乭ϵħͻȻ÷缯ɵУǷķУвͻὫ˵̴
м飬乭֮ϣȴĽǭķ䡭
찡ĽǭҲӵ˸߽ħ飬ӿҮû뵽ϵħҲôǿ
ɴɴŸոյףҲûѧϰ߽ħ飬Ӯֻº
ħʦ÷ˣĽǭ乭Ҳܽħӳ˾޴̫ˣ
ѧǿ乭ϵǧУһˡ
ⶫҪķɴɴҲȥˣѧԺֱԻһô
ɴɴĽ⣬乭ϵķѾˡ
ĽǭݺݶͶͷŹ㣬ͶͱɰӰɡ
ɴɴȫ¶͸⣬ȮĻ϶˵ҧЩ˵Ͷ
ĽǭšüһЦ乭ϵķвδߣһȫͷų
顱
дϸϸ÷⡭



235 ǵĳ

ɴɴŲڽűߵķŵȶˣҪٽһЩľ
Ľǭ𴽽ǣϵİȻ¶ɣûɴɴһֳۣǧڵķָȥǵĳˡ
ĽǭĻѧˢˢǧȥ
ⷬսĽǭǧȥ˼ˡ
ѧһԵˣвѧһֻǧ˵ǰͬˣҪ׵ĽǭȣֱǼʯͷ
СһʲôãսʵҪĽǭǧܣûٴȥʱһһ̫Цˡ
˵İͷǧվ򶨷ǳûȥǵĳˣѾ׼ˣأ
Ľǭ乭ǰһᣬѪЦȻ׼Ҫ˽㡣
ǧ󣬴΢΢ϲŭ
ɴɴȶĿ֮شˣȮҪĿǧ
ȮƢ𱬣ҲͦС۶ģǧϳΪһȮп϶겻ѡ
ɴɴ첽̨ȥǧСһЩǧСһЩȮķϵħͦٶȲ
ǧų֪̊µʱѾˡ
ɴɴЩģĿ㣬Բ׷ŹģЩмҹʱҸ޷
ǧ񣬡֪İɡ
˵껰ǧ̨
ʱѧǵԾûͣЪ˵ԽԽҲԽԽǶһֿϷĳɷ֣˭ˣǾ쳣ġ
ǧԶǵĻΣǵᱻ
µЩ㿴ͨ͸̫֮࣬һˡĽǭָǧıӣһӡ
ǧĿ棬ʹ򣬱ϻˡ
ĽǭŴǣϴװŭûйײǹϣҪúúˡ
ڸ̨ϵѦԺǧһۡ
ǰĵӣЩӲͽƫҲΪ߳СľݵģҲ֪кα£ЩӹŹֵİ¡
ѦԺߣź룬дż֮̽⡣
ǧ֪Լˣ˿̣עȫĽǭϡ



236 Ȼȸ

Ľǭʵǧѩǧѩࡣ
ķϵħٶȣټļƷѥӣʱѲ׽Ĺ켣
ٶҲǿĻñ죡
ǧ̬ȣһʱ佫Ѫ﷨ȡ
ʺķڷ⣬͸ҫۣͷ·ѪҺһ㡣˷һóѦԺϹһ
⡭ǽⷨȶˣ
Ϲ˰һۣ૵㾹ǽⷨȶˣҪ֪ⷨȼΪҪһ¶ɡ
ϹܿڷУϸš
ȫûע⵽Ŀ⣬
ϹۣһĨľʱܱԭԼţ㣬䲻
ӣǷϸϮ
ϹٿȥæǽĿ˻
ǧ֪еѪ﷨Ѿ˼ĺ䶯Ľǭ·ڿһֻζһ
ͻȻеķȻ裬һȵĻâ˸һ˲̨֮ϱյụ̀µѧҲһȡ
ǧ˫һУҵĻϵԪⲻƯģǧСÿһС̲ޱȾ޴
ǲϽ֯ƣ˲һƯͼһѤõʢ磬һڻϵħʢ磡
ԭ䣡ǧһƯС볯Ľǭȥһֻڵʯ֮䣬ۻҸӦ
顱
ǧСƿϮȥ̲ص·Ҫ̨˺ѣС֮һӣѸð̨̣Ϻܿͱ
һӣǧͱȫĽ㣡
ǧȻѾѧ˵ͽ׻ϵħܣҪ֪ǵͽ׼Ҳ򵽣ǧҾȻΪͶǧ𣿡
죬ҪҸղôû
ô˵ҺҲûһ˶Ҫģ߶ħٶȳ죬ҵ۾͸ϣǷɣʺоӡ
пܣҼû֡
һԵİüͷ¡Ȳٶȣ߹ġ
顱
С£ͬһ㣬̨ϵĳ˲䱻ϯ𣬴̳ɢȥſ̨ϵ
꣡
ղС̫ˣ̨Ͽӿݣȫһɨģ



237 Ҫ

ЩĽǭϣ϶ᱻճɽ̿
ſˮʶתȥѰĽǭӰ
תһȦûƼĽǭӰӡ
Ƕʱһ㶣ĽǭأᱻСճһ̯Ѫˮ˰ɣ
ʱҲ֪˭һǿĽǭȻվ̨棡
ˢˢ̨濴ȥͼĽǭվ̨ΧϣղСϯʲô˺һŭɫ˱Ƽҧ˵ĶȮ
¶ĿĽǭӣʵ˲ѡ
ǧ򶨣ͷȴ΢΢һ
Ļϵħܴ߶ڵһʱܵȫطȺͷӦһ㰡
㵹΢е㱾¡Ľǭô˵ȴһƬˣղŲͱɽ̿ˡ
ĻϵħǲеŹ֣
Ľǭ򴽣ǧеķȡ
ħǹżҲû˵ǱŹַйأֻҪȴ䣬ｫ׸
Ľǭ룬Ŀȡ
ǧĿ⣬ЦЩζ
ķȣûŶ
ǧ˽еķȣĿ棬ʱ׼
Ľǭÿսϵħһ˲͸ľڽѥܱߣѥӣѥٶȵĹܣڵʯ֮ĽǭֻһԲ׽ĲӰ
̨µɴɴһУͷͻȻһղžϣ۾ȫϡ
ǧɴɴԼٶȷǳţٶǾͱȱȿ
ǧڵĲӰݸһЦͻȻŵ磬һ˳ȥ֮Ӱأ衣
գ֮ʣѸٲһһ򵽶һۻңϡ
˼ۺ̲סٴη
ұΪĽǭٶܳԽû뵽ǧҲٶȣ֮ѷֲ֣¡
ȥǧǿˣôһǿģ
ǿˣҪҷַӱĽǭɱ
ǵľ̾ǧⲻʵָ⣬ٶȿк˲𣬵ʱ򻹲һĽǭɱ
һ룬ǧ̨࣬ʱҲɫ
̨ϵɴѷָ¡
Ľǭð˵ٶȥеѪ﷨ȣȴٶȾ֮죬Լˡ



238 ˤˤ

Ƿϵħʦٶȿģǻϵٶȡ
ѵѥװȽ죿
Ľǭʶµѥӣһֱɵˡ
ѥӣ
ƨװӻСƷѥӣһٶһ˫ƲۣΪѥӣٶΪô죿
֮ʣһŮߣĽǭĿɲء
Ľǭĵ׺ȻȻ۾󣬲ãʲôģ
ǧ۾һֻֽסĽǭѣһֱֻסĲӣʽ
ֿ׼ݣ˷ӦĻᣬĽǭ֪ãȴû㹻ķӦܣֻܳΪ֮
ǧƽ⾡ԣĽǭˣġ
Ľǭɫףκħʦӱô˿ţѲҲ޷ϵħ
ýɳǧЦŵ٩Ӵˣѧˣ
Ľǭҧгݣѳݣҧȥ
ǧüһˤĽˤϡ
һ±أĽǭ۵ɱˣ㾹ȻôңպҶҪҧĲӡ
ǧӸٿСֱؿڡ
Ľǭһ¾ͱˣֻúڸ
˷龰УɲǣĿɿڴ
ǧҪˣ
ܺĽǭٶȣܽһˤڵϡ
ҲС첲СȣһСģû뵽ﾹ̲˾޴һֱȮڽŵ£ǻʵ̫У̫ˡ
ǧʲôĹȻ䣡
ڸ̨ϵѦԺ龰ϲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ħʦһ㶼ܲλǧŮȴˣʺܺãڵÿһǶ̲Ǻġ
ѦԺȻɴ۾ʱ߲סૣû뵽㾹ҩԡ䷽ˡ
ѦԺȥеĺȻɫٴνĿͶǧϣƺϿЩʲô֮
ǧԲѦԺĿˣڴ̽ǧʼ磬󷽷š
ѦԺ㶣СѾͷǵÿԡ
ǧ̶Ŀ⿴ĽǭĽǭҳٶǲңҾͻӿ졣
͸УĽǭһҪѪ
ǡ
һ˾Ů˲ڽŵ£˵ȥЦ



239 ο

ĽǭסĽžһʹѲ
ǧһĨЦǳǳͶ𣬲ͶҾһֱȵͶΪֹ
Ľǭֵ񱩣죬ʹɳ¸ﭷǲͶģӾҪȥ
ǧۣЦʧǾͣȥɡ
ʱҲ֪ʲôΧ˼Ѫһ궯е궯ҲǧҲ̲סȥ
ֻһۣ˫һ¡
һϮҫۣڼͷ׷ɣһİ߲ۼɲǣӨǡůġ
ǡΣȻǷΣ
ǧսָ⣬ͫвԣһĨ񡣽һССԴսѣΪλΪ˭
ǧ˼ǧһʱ侹ƿۡ
ĿбӣȻѾܹעĿһ㶼ϰ߰
ŷδʦϲ֣Դͤвɽ꣬űƣʦʢҲֹһӳС
⵽ôˣ
̫߳ˣǴʦľˣ
Ƿ׷ײ²⣬һʱǵעȫڷϣĻܵʲôս
ǧһֱŷοüֻۣǼȴֹĻ֮УнɢʱµҲ˲١
Ľǭܵı仯ϲŪǡ
ʱֿյǻġ
Ľǭǧ֮ʣֱһƽĽƿ÷ϵħӵ䴦
һжڵʯ֮䣬ǧŲһ£һſվȡ
ʱĽǭϵ乭Ѿּʮϵħ
ħ͸ףɻһʱȴּΪѤãһ˲ħΪǧУڹϣƴ
һһ˶ǧͫ׽вá

ղˣû뵽Ľǭôῴ׼ʱҲڵһʱ佫ϵħ乭ϡ
׷ϵħʦħȻС·Ѿƴֹֻʹֵ˹ˡ
ǧſˮʶһ
Ľǭǹҡ
ϵ乭ĹҼԣһ¾˸ͻȻüɿʱǧˢˢǧϮȥ
ж˼񣬾ǱȼҪǿ֣ϣֻ׶༪١



240 ԡ

ǧգͷͻȻһ¡
ķҫ⣬˼ɫ󣬷·һϦ֮ȡңٶȺÿ졭
ǧзȣз·ֻƿϮķС
УѾˡ
ʱΣ
ƲԾβͣ½Ų
̨ȥͼϸϸܵķֱֱǧϮȥԶܸܵϵɱ⡣
ν̨֮ϣ
еķп磬һ˲ͬٲк¡
顱һҵһʱ䣬ɢֵ̨ҡβͣ·ʱҪһ
̨֮Ҳбܿ濪ʼһЩûվȽŸֱֱˤڵϣһǿվ
ʱǧڷк£֮СϵķɳҲһʱ䱻ɳڸǣ޷̨ϵ״
ͻϮͷ𺳲ѣȴǴͲ
ҵ죬ԭڽµĽǭȻϮˡ
ϮֻǧҲȥħʦӱʹйֱϮƤУǧֻ»һѪˡ
ǿϧˣò״½һϵħʦѲɣҪʹ䣿
Żҳ̨۾ͷһĨӹǽĽǭɣɱⲪ
ҳɢȥ̨ϵһ̲ѪԵЩĿ
΢΢ɴͫףе˫ֽЩѪģ
ҲΪЩѪǧģֻ汻Ѫˣ׷ϧѡ
úõһӴ˭ãƫҪĽǭǳˡ
˶ϧʱһȾĻͻȻƽҫ죬ͬһƯбͷһ
ǧ˵ļԡ
վڻеǧϵѪղӶԵøұ
ƯͣҲлȼգޱȡ
Ľ׵Ļ棬˹âʢ
ĽǭΪǧѾˣտûȴݺݴ
ǧһţŴ૵ôҵķٶȼ죬һ˸ûʱħ˵ֵˣֵסˡ
ͬȼħֵܹģĽףΪֵܵ׷ϵ
Ѳɣ׷ϵĽ׻ϵ磿
뷨Ľǭ򴽣òѪ



241 

ǧվڻݸһЦͻȻָסķС
ֻáǡһղŻڵķУָͷˡ
ðײ˰ķУĽǭֻԴһѣһĨʺͳӿͷ㾹ӵķУ
ǧлӿޱȣһһҪȫ顭
ͷѪղ͸ڵأǧܲ˽ʣµķһһ飬һɲǣΣǧǹ˫
ĽǭȻɴ۾ʹŪе乭ƴ
ǧ۾է֡
ⳡսûȣÿÿϮȴһֱƣͷϺµģɽһ㣬̼գָǣġ
ǼƲͣŤת־ˡ
꣬ǧҲ̫˰ɣеĹٶȳ죬Ȼڵһʱϵħȵֵ˰ɣ
ΪؼģǧĽװɣĽֵܵףֱδš
ңǿˣôţ
һʱ̽ε˼
ջĿ⣬ڿе˫Ҳ΢΢ɿ̧ţһѦԺķ߳вȫޡ
ѦԺǷΣæӭӣʦΪˣ
οڵѵһԴսұû뵽ȴΪʡ
ѦԺ΢΢һ㶡
ѵһΣԴսÿ¾һΣѵã벻ͨʲôѦԺֻø͵кö඼ֵڴġ
ۣȴһâλĽǭ
ѦԺԣӻ𱬣ƷҲã滹Ǽ츳ģȻϵλǧ⣬ǰĵӣʵҲȦɵ㣬Ľ׻ϵֿܵ׷ϵʵЩ˼
ѦԺĿ׼ȥ˵ţ˼ᷢױĽ׵ֵҲûʲô
ѦԺһ٣ôŷһֱΪǧ˵֡
βףֻ̨ͣ
̨֮ϣǧĽǭһ̲ͣЪƴħ
ħײѤħ̻ͬʣȻųɫʡ
һħʢ硭ֻǿžѪڡ
顱һ
˵ħٴײֿը
ǼЩסһվˡ



242 ±Ƶ

찡
ͺѧԺȷԻ˾ѧԺһţΪǱߵսűȽϴ̼Ҳ̫ˣòã
Ľ׶ףҲܴѷ֣ҺĽǭˣ
ʶһ㣬˶ˡ
׶򲻹ĽףǧѩǲҲ
ϧ˼ǧѩʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣССսزμӣ㲻òμӻʵҲ׼˲ϣ֮ŮȻͬ죡
ʱһһȥ֮Ծʤδ֡
ǧҩħľ˾ͳһŲһȥӿ֡
ĽǭӣڴҲ׼˲ٵҩԭǧ־սħľһټ
ǡȫԤϣǧǧҲܳСΪοڴô൤ҩ
һһϣΪҩǴײ˰
ǧһŲĽǭӵԲѪˡ
ĽǭҧгݣĲʣţȥΪľԼ˫һᣬӿռͳһöɫĵҩ
ɫҩϿЩ졣
ǧǿŵҩͫ΢΢һⵤҩǡƵ
ƵյһǸ߽׵ҩ˵ûĻôƧӣҲƣϼѼҲ߼ۡ
Ƶһ˭棡
ǶǼмʶģһƶզ
ûиȻǱƵڶʱħȼıƵ
ĽݼҳҲ̫˰ɣȻƵֹضҲ֣ܳ
ĽǭĿǰף±Ƶʱߵ߽ףĽ׶߽ʤԶ׼˰ɡ
ĽǭЦһڽƵ£ʶһ
ǧۣζӣ׵Ļǿ߽׵ǳˣǰԽɱħΪɴɴıϵħֻһˣֻЩˡ
Ҳ޷ϻɱﵡ
Ľǭң˲両һĨжЦݣӾͲˣ߽׷ϵҲֵܵס
ǧɫݵע߽׵ȻСֻǾվűѹ
ȥɡĽǭɿңϸܷƿնȥ
߽׵ķдһɺ˵ƣҲΪ֮𶯡
ȻۣٿǧҪˣ
ǧüһĻ潻ң



243 ֮׵ĵһ

£ǧĻ淢˾޴ı仯ȶȷ·ܴʮ֮⣬һӲֹ̨̨ΧƽһС
ǧ͵̧ĻڵϸߣҪʣʱͻȻһ֡
Ļͬһ㣬
ɲǣȻϼУŻ֮ƣֻգ֮ͽһͬһ¾ͱɾ
ǧлɢٴλ֣ҵٴϮϷ磬йʱɢ˱磬˲䣬ð˽̨֣ʵĺ˿С
Ľǭ۾վԶŵһ±ơ
⵽ôˣ
߽׷ϵħʦһɱǰһеô£
Ľǭ̿ˮЩˡ
ʲôã
ǧŲʹ˷Ź
ӶеķȣѪ﷨ٿһĻ澹ȣȵø޷۾
ʱֻáԡһĽǭϵĻ׾Ȼˣʱ㽫ս
̣ҿҪˡ
ǧס֣סְ
˭Ϊǧᱻиȴ뵽ܵвľȻĽǭ۾ʱ㿴һŻ̨Ͽ񱼡
ƾ޷Ϩ˭Щħأ
ڿ񱼵Ľǭ۵һƬӡ
꣬˱ƵĽǭȻ򲻹ǧĽ׵ħʦô𣬻˵ħ֮׵ĻϵĽףҲ߽׵ܶࣿ
Ҳ˵Ľףʵ߽ϣ
һ룬һֻӬ㣬ɫѿ
ǧ˫߬ⶼŪǷ
汻ΪһеÇNɪˡ
ǧҧɫ׷䡣
һʱ֮ζӣ˼ĽǭĲҽҲһֱڶ߻صþòϢ
ѦԺͻȻæֹǧ㵽ΪֹĽǭѾսЩ˰ɡ
ǧĽߡ
ʱ˻ͣЪĽǭǲƵӾͱ˾˳⣬ڵϷһֹͣ
ڵϵĽǭĥöˣһڣȫڣ·ؤ³һ̳һ˹ȥ
ǧڵϵĽǭûа֮ͬɫ
ܿ죬Ľǭͱ̧ȥˡ
ǧٷվ̨ϣ˿̣ʵսһ



244 ϻ

ʱ
ѦԺһӵؿǧ
ȷĺܣɸղŵĻƺЩǿˡ
ԲһۣȴںȾƣûаעսϡ
ѦԺ̾ϢŽĿջսǧǱսĵһ˺󣬱ѧԺԴ
ѦԺ˶٣ֵѧΣǴ򶷵
õһǧһɫֻԼ֪һ֮ףĽǭȷǸǿĶ֣±ƵԺ
ãкֻѾ׵ɳڵĺ
ڻʮʱ䣬ƴί񣬸ι˲ħ޾ˣСһոս׵ɳڡ
ɳڵĺһ˵ӣǳôһ
ǱôᣬѦԺȡڵһĻ¡
·ɢǳǳĺɫѦԺԸǧϣȴ룬һֻ޳˹
ѦԺһ㶣ʱϷϸµüۣʦǣ
ΰŻ£ǳɫĻ³ĵ˫ָӰӨ󣬡ǧȸܳ˲ţöԸϡ
ⷬѿڶҲ֪Ǵ˽ģʲô
䣬δĿ
ѦԺһΪԸˣæ֤ʦҪǧϣ
εöСС±ץС
ѦԺЩ㱣ܾⲻ磬Ӧþͤвͤɣƫƫܺ쳾Ըǧϻ£ǧ׺εºܾ÷
Ī⣬̧ѯʵѦԺǲ
ѦԺҡͷңö±ʹʦˡ
ɿڣ嵭üЩ⣬һǧȥ
ǧЩԵؿǱôᣬ߹ʲô
Ѳɣ
ǧһͨعʱѾߵǰ紵ʱϵı㣬Ǳĺš
һڣ̧˷˫ĺһֱڶԼǧЩüʵʦΪңҴܣ
ܣƿҲܣġ
ǧֵգգ۾ѧԺıãʦУ
ĽëһСӣرɰξţüĿһĨůɫ͸ǣΨһΡ



245 ˿

ǵȻˮɤǧȴʱͷ
ΨһΡ
ΪʲôһΣɺϣΪԵʲô
ǧĺһ˲ܾԼ챻ȥһһ£ѸٽĿ˻˵Ҫʲôõģ
λƴ򿪣ļȻһöǳɫĻ£չҫָ͸ϸ󣬺޲ҧϼڡ
ǧĿƣָš
νִؿڡ
Ŀǧֹͣͣˣ̫ˡ
̿ˮʶ£ֻҪһ۱ܿϸüۣǾ´ɰ׵ļЩ˱ˣʣΪˡ
ɰ׵Լǰǧ˲Ⱦһ糺졣
ֻǼ򵥵ı£Ʒһˣħˡ
ûº󣬷̧Եһ
˿ǧ˿ʹǰĻ£΢һƬҲһĨ㡣
οľٶǳڵѧԺøĻ£գұѻ½㣬ϣԺĳɼҲ˽ܳ
ǧӦһá
οüǳһĨԼ֣ˣɻۣ
ǧһ㶣뵽Լˡ
ֻϵѪȻɺԣһд۸ϮСһУǺۡ
˵ʱǧȡһѪ£ѪϵĴ۸СҲ
μ仯òųһ۱á
ǧëΪֵؿ˷μۣʦڹ𣿡
Σڿе˫ֲһòſڵմѪգֻһʶѡ
ǧ鲻ԭˣǾͶлʦˡ
ο޷
˵ţ¾õУȴЩˡ
ǵһβμԴսûҲһ˽սĹЩû¶ѦԺԱϵģɴǷͣʦģòã
ǧǰո
ôʦΪôʦΪϻ£ȸ½ܵõ٣ǻʵҲôʦˡ
ǵĿһֱǻҲ뱻ʦ



246 Ϊβ

޶ãͻȻյߵôѧԺСҡ
δǧڣα뿪һϯҫɫĳ۱紵죬էһŵɳ
ǧıӰ㶣ղǷ˰Ĵʦ涯ˣ
ɫЩӣȴָܿ˹
βûлص̨ϣǸ־뿪㳡ܿûӰ
ǧʶָǰĻ£ϵѾɢȡ֮һĨůɫüͷֻ˲ͽַ
ǧѧԺͻ½ԴѦԺѾ뿪㴹ǧ˵һ䡣
ǧҾòãǾͶлѦԺˡ
ѦԺתͷȥ׼εС
ǧûԼʲô£ת̨һȥкöϲкüŶףҲ֪жͷ
ǧһһӦȺмʱͷְѾߵˣߵû죬ȵ
̾һ뵽λСϵʲôҲֱܲӹȥˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôѲĻ᣿뽫Ҫ
뵽ǰ壬ǧЩˣòײŻϱ㣬ûܶþҪûˣ
ǧӰ˵ţûþѧԺСϡ
ѧԺСƧƽ̫ѧǰһĻĺõط
ǧתͷ˼ۣһ¾ͷվµķΣԻվһŮӣŮƮ裬һˡ
ǧѩ
ʲôʱͷˣ
ǧվԭؽҲҲǣϴݲȣȴлر
򴽿ǰ
ʱ˻վ£һһϵӰ˵İ䣬Ҳ֪ξ˵ʲôǧѩ洽Цеɫˮһƻһ̶ˮ
ǧۣԽԽòԾұ˴㲻ǶԷ˼ɣ
ʶһ㣬ӼָҲžһ
ţ©κϸڡ
Ҳ֪ͬǧѩ˵Щʲôӣ뿪ʱϻЦݣʤա
ǧǧѩıӰվԭزǰ
νͷҶգü۵ȻѾˣΪλ
͸紫ʡ
ǧֻûһʹߵ£һŵı㴫Ǽ⣬ŻȻѡ



247 ȥʦ

أ԰գ³Ļȴ飬ʦ㣬ν£
ü۵ʹˣղΪγٳٲ
ǧԽˣ˰Ц٩ʦղźҼҴ˵ЩĻ֪֮ͲˣѵҲд
üͷ΢ǳǳѯһЩ飬ҲһЩ
ǧһϸţԭˣһΪ˵Ļ
ܾ񣬺ЩԾ򴽣һ仰Ҳδ˵
һ֮óĬǧЩӦصż⣬ȻʦѾ޻˵Ҿˡ
ƾߣһץס󣬡ȵȡ
סǧЩѲЩõʦҲ˵Щʲôֲߣ㵽
ߣ㵹˵ɫװư
ǧԽԽ޲ҧֱ
β֪еľᣬͻȻղ̨ǣסĽǭΪλͷˣ
ĺӵħܿ͸һУǧͷһ£ЩƮҷĲΪ㣡
ָһЩԣΪң
ѽΪ㡣ǧüЩƤʦͻȻǵȫ궯ҵȻҲ⡣
üʾ˵ȥ
ǧȻ촽˵׶Ϊʦ̫궯ҪԺŴ֣Σ
ξ纣֮ɻľǷģ˵׻Ϊ̫Եʡ
ǧüͷš𣬡ʦҪЩˡҲˡ
ɧһ㶼ĬûȤٴȥҪˡ
ǧһ粽ͼҲʦʲôô᲻ң
ζһһϵķСʦ
ǧĿ⣬Щ󣬡ʦ
ε˻ΨʶǰѧԺ
ʶǧɣȴֺܿ콫ջǴʦ͸ɣﵼʦϲ˽ľݣҲ֪᲻ͬ˵
޷ߵ࣬ȥ˾֪



248 δܰ㼰ʱ

ǧһۣ㲻˵ܿ˾Сľ⡣
СľݼªΧ˲ٻݣ磬˿ϺȾƣӳԾһģ
ǧŷλǰ
Ǹܵʲô΢ŵСѾͷȥһ¾͸Ҵ˸˹Ҳͬ˵ҵСľݲϲ˽𣿡
ǧ˫Ц˷һֽۣĿͶϣﵼʦλģ˵죬һۡ
˵еĵ٩֮⣬δЩЦá
죿һŷ¾ƺ«⿴ȥһǷΣ΢ԭǴʦ㲻ͤУҵСľʲôҪ֪ûкöд㡣
θǰɫķ˿ͷ֪żȻ·㡣
˫ɢҾһ˺ľƹͼݴʦǰңⲻɷ𣿡
θ˸½ǣڻϣʵǰǼδܰ㼰ʱ壬Ƿڹң
ָһеľȫɢĿƵ𴦵ǰ鶼ȥˣҺȾƶʱһС
ǰ£
ǧ˼תѲɾǼðģ¶˵ͺڰħʦйء
ɵô¶ó˰
ǧһۣʶĿͶϡ
۶ûи˼һֱڰǱߣչΣ
֧ӣһúŵ飬ҹòҪ̫ãҽһͽСȻøˡ
翣ϲһͽܡ
ִͣ򿪾ƺ«˼ڣû˵
ĿһŵڰħʦѾЩûгֵңɽЩڴͼǶȡѪѪ
һĨ֪ЩǲͣģѪѪǹżϵĶˣ
γǧһۣջأţǧҴС㡣
ʥŮüĿһ˵ãӵѪѪҲ֮С
οԲ
Ūŵϵľƺ«㳰Ū˵ѪѪߵ£ڰħʦЩŲŹˡ



249 κȾ

Щ漴Ỻ³ڰħʦٴϮ϶ʹưոݣһӴСľУһ
ǧǱ㿴ȥ˵ðȥͷߣ
СľǧĺãһӴ治ȥҲܻúܿҰͣǷʦôҳȥ뿴ұ˳Ū
ҡͷ˵Сľж꣬ڰħʦٴγ֣Ͳȥ飬Լһ
۾ƺ«ƮЩԥ
ǧ˵ı仯ͷЩԼС˼
ʹְڳһûûεǷӣʲôľͱ˵ˣʦѵһСݣҪȿھˮɣ
˵ţƺ«ݵǰˮͽģϺõĻ񡣡
ǧƺ«һⶼǰȹģɵӦȰɣ
ƽպȵöǶõĲˮ󲻳ȾƵӻΡ
ϺõĻ𣿡οľˮܿȻֽӹˣͷ᳢һڣζλͽúܺá
ǺһЦ˲ɢҲŲ
ǧŷαˮȾĴǣӲ
Ȼˡ
һ«ˮѣȳһϵȺòĸоǧսָ⣬һʱͷЩζӡ
ѵôϲȣٺһ㣿ƻҲһκͷһȾƣоͦˬġ
ûʧƺ«һڡ
ˮԣֻǳ˼˫վЩˡ
΢˫գǧֻ÷ĿƵӲ֪Σ
֪Щʲôκܿͽƺ«ڵϣˮǺܲȴҲ̰ɺȱˡ
һȦ˫գˬһЦʦȻҲǸƽˣź˼ھͲˣ˼
βϲŭұһƽˡ
ϴһЩû˼ˣصУʦ㻹ǺǰһȤҾͲˡ
ǵյķţǧЩЦãʦʦôԣ⡣
ӭչ£ǰӡ޷֪ӡ
ǧջĿ⼸ֹúʵǰʲôʦΪλͺڰħʦᳶϹϵ



250 Ȥ

δӸµؿ磬ʦҲἰ͵֪ɡ
ǧͣζ֪Լ˵ʲô
μտڲ˵㸺ǰɲһɱžһıǼ⣬ڰħʦͺܸӣֻҪӽ鲻öܡ
ǧüڼҪ£
ƴʵ֪𣿡
ǧЩƵģ֪ˣҲʱˡ
üĿҲһĨɫʣеѪ﷨Ǽõõõ
ǧ󣬵˵ͷ֪ⷨǰﵼʦǰùģȻǼõġ
οƬ̣ͻȻ֡
ǧԵغӣʦǡǣ㣿
ЩЦãɤǳ塣
֪˷εͼǧȻɴ˫ۣĥ˰ûȡԴսŸոսʦȻļҶ岻ɣ
ҡͷĿרע㲻ᡣ
ƶ⣬ǧͷҲøⲻ˼ҵȻˣֻڹؼʱڣٽЩ𣿡
ҲԼЩôߣָʱ΢졣
δе΢۲˶ٿ̾һðɣٽЩʱա
ģ̌һϲضŷΣʦҪٽЩʱգ
˿̣кʢǧǹ⣬ӨӨľǱÿζüǳڣǵģٽЩʱա
ǧЦˣͬѩƯò˼飬ǾͶлˣû뵽˵Ǹ˵
üˣ
ǧգգ۾һŰ壬ɧȤ
ɫԽָֺܿԭģ㻹ʲô˵
Ȼʲô˵ǧüĿһһĨЦӿҲ֪ʦĻ£Ȼ㣬϶һСѾͷƽϵġ
СѾͷη⼸ۣһƿҲ㼸ѡ
ǧָͷСɷ꣬һֻء
Ȼƽĺڶ˼ɣʲô˵֪δ˸ô˵Ҳδ˸ҶҶֶš
ֶţ
ģ̌õ½󣬲뵽ǰ֣üЦ˲ҸңѲɴʦҪҵ



251 ûϵ

αտڲ˵
ǧôߵس˳н֪ʦ᲻óͷҡ
õĵӣξĵһƬüĿ£һ̾ŮҪ֡
ǧ΢΢һҲͳ˳ҾֵͦģĪǣǴʦʲôɸ˵Ķ
̾Ϣͷᵯһ£ôϲ˵
ǧգգ۾򴽲
֪Ϊʲôһȥãܾðòᣬֻϧ˼Ҵʦ񲢲һףһ쵽ģ˸ⷳꡣ
νջأɤ翣ԺЩĪҪ˵ˣǲõġ
ˣֻʱأǧëſɰȡ
鵭һ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧָ⣬ЩΡ
γĬƬ̣ųһԡ
ǧָһЩ˼ؿΣΪӻĬףȻˣ⵽ΪΣ
תύˣǳԵʲôĿģ
ǧЩ²͸˼Ӧʱͷһøϲֱüңֵˡ
ĿڣŬԼʧ̬
ͻȻļ򣬵յıֺܺãЩʱıֱᴫ¶Уʱνġ
͸뼡ǧһ̼Żл棬Ҳ֪»άЩʲô
οһɫҡ
뵽ϴΪҪңǧһҺðͷϽͰ͵ģ߲ܡ
Сľһ뿪ݲںѧԺ̫ãٴȥҪѧ֣ɺ䶯ˡ
ȻʧӰǧŽĿջء
ǺιϵƿӣҲ֪ЩʲôǼһﾹĵ
ǧ䲻һʱŷְѾվ˴ڣҺʹʦǼ֮ԵûʲôϵҴʦĻ£ΪҽһЩ飬Ȼġ
һھƣǸղڽ⣿
ǧüɫݣǰôˣ
ۣôŲ񡭡⻰Ҳ˵ˣȻǴʦӲϲ˶˵һۣɸղ˵ࡣ



252 ЩȥĶ

ǧ΢㶡
ˣʵҲɲ⣬ΪλԼֵز
ǧָգĵ׷ڲϢɫѾݣǼСġﵼʦҸսЩ۱ȻȥϢˡ
ڰ֡
õӦʣģ̌뿪
һǧҴլǧ;澲ĵģǧǻδǻͳˡ
ĳɼŵʮӦûǿԵģǧٷ֪϶Ҫףһ
ǧʼ磬̧ŻصСԺ
ʲô¶޹ء
ٽʱǧŻˣһʱǧլַǷ
ǧٷ֪ŮǵĳɼС׼óԵġ
ǧͱеһϯΧسͷ
ǧŲ룬һ̧㿪ʼˣյԴսŮ˵ʮ
ǧٷߣź룬̾ѧԺԻĳɼǲ
ǧһЦͷ΢΢̧߾һֻ߰ȸ
ǧˮǸˮϵħʦˮϵûʲôսβãſڶʮѡ
ǧٷ֪ʵδʲôǽĿͶǧϣʵǧĳɼΣ
ǻϵħʦɼӦòɣǧѩ
ղδȥȥͻ֮ˣо˾Ϊҫۡ
ģ̧̌Ƥӣ˶Լǧ˫۾ˣۣһЦŮţһͺ͵һʧ֮ˡ
˵ţͽûȡ
ϵıû£鲻һ
ǧٷһƣ㾹ǵһ
ǧüٰ
ǧٷ繴һЦ˾ջȻ˵һΪǧˡ
ǧЦ
ǧٷ̬Ⱦޱ䣬԰ǧ˺öˣЩǽղɰʲȣҪһЩ
ǧл
ˣǧȻɴ۾ǧƺǧˡ
ǧѩҲĿͶȥ鸴ӡ
һʱ䷹Ϸ𣬸̥
ǧĳŷˣ·Ӱ졣
ʱһѾ׼Щˮ߽ģ̌һƣ̾ͰѾߵסˣңЩȥĶˣΪһֱû㣿
˵ܿ˷Щ˵ע⡣



253 Ĵ

ģ̌ʱſӵֲһ
ƽȷǴɣɱǰĿ˵ĴңڵĴҿȥȽϳ۾޽࣬ȦҲЩںڵģɷ֡
ɴҲܳֽɱӶŤˣϢȻȫޣ
ǧʼնŴҡ
ҿ϶Ѿˣ˵˭
˵ע£ǿڵС㣬ϴôҰЩ飬мЩһ˺ЩŴǼ»صСߡ
ɤͬһ̶ˮ޽۾ˣ
ǧԽԽԾͷЩ궯ȴֺܿƽʣ飿ֳʲô
ʵشԵüΪҲʲôܴĲҲ˵
ǧۣ
оȻûԹޣ
ǧԽòԾǸ۸ڶ֮ˣ˶ȻὫԹдϣ˽ߣ˹Ȼ⡣
ǧʣȴǧϣȻ˵ͱ˵ˡ
ҵʼնûн࣬˵һߣǰͬˡ
ǧǧ⿴һۣ㣬Ҳ˴ҽһ䣬άȴΪΣ
ǧкŭɫҵѾȻάңЩ˽£ٸʵ׵Ĳ̫á
֪ɴҸǧͼһٲǿɾ鷳ˡ
˽£ǧһ䣬ЦòЩ̣Ȼ˽£ҾͲˡ
˵ţĿٴͶڴϡ
˼ˡ
ǧһḧԼơ
֪Ϊδҵô̹ǣرӲӲģ֡ĳһۣͼ˫ͣЩ}ûš
ǧȻĿջأŵ˫ࡣ
ǧб䣬˼ת
һٷ꣬ǧŴ뿪ıӰԶ
صСԺӣǧһѳסõĽףʵӣ֪ʲô취ܽ˸Ūˣ
⡭ñáһ٣צڴϵ˼£ö˯ˣмʲôİ취ÿ϶֪İ
ǧ̽öͷϣֻ׵ӡ
ڴ룬гħ޾˵ڻǸдҵ𣿡
ѾԼܸܵı䶯



254 Դ

ǧǱɱģվǰʵΡ
תðβŵȷΣүϸоһɲͬѰϢǺϢүһʱҲ˵
ǧڴϣڿԿ϶ǣǰλҾԲ򵥣Ҫú÷ŲС
һŤͷСֻѾ˯ţüЩЦá
գǧ˾ˮȥСľݣŸ߽ͼϰ˸ֶһãԵøϲׯء
ǧƺ«ڵϣְŪŵϵﵼʦ㾹Ǯֶˣ
һѽƺ«ڻУʲôģЩѧԺԴǲҪ˸ˮɡ
ԴȻã
ǧٽһ򿪣ɲǣһ׾ͽҰУһסװҪһǧѧԺȻ͸ˣǴ󷽡
ǧ˵ţͽ׸ڵϡ
ϿһۣѧԺκһ츳ѧԴսϻʤѧԺȻҪõĸ㡣
ǧţ㽫ͽһ𿪣зźЩͽ׵ħ޾ˡ
һħ޾ȡоȻôħ޾ˣҪɱЩħްɡ
һۣΪЩͽħ޾ˣ΢ɱһҲʱ䡣
ǧЦû˵ֽʣµļ򿪣еĶΪḻһռָ׼һöյ
ȻյյִЦ˵յƣϸû뵽ѧԺôصĶҡ
һѦԺҩʦʶȥҪȻӡ
ǧ󣬳ԭˣѦԺҩʦҪãԺҪȥҪҩǺܷ㡣
ͷȾƣû˵
ǧռָϣⶫҲҪϰ˶ĿһϾӿռȡҪûָ϶˻ɵġ
ֽϵĶһŽȫռС
˼ۣͻȻƴͳһöƣѧԺơ
ǧӹƣЩؽתͼϿһЩӵͼﵼʦкã



255 ͨԴľ

ͷû˵
ǧļãȴڡ
ĥ˼£ƴͨѧԺԴľơ
ǧеƵ˵࣬¶棬Դľʲôط
㻹ʲô֧ӣΪεԴľѧԺɽһסħ޵ĵطħ޸ɫȴûȸɭֵô׺ȴΪңҪԼǻѡ
ǧƵֲһ˵ģѧԺ潫öƸңҽ棬ԼһֻԼϲħޣ
ǵģӵһֻħ޾սҲһּõԴ
ǧѾкǿˣԴľЩħҲ֪ܲۡ
ЩͣѵҪԼħ޾;ȥԴľöºˣʱȥȥˣٵõսһ
ǧͣⶫЧڵġ
֪ˡɿеƣҶʱ䣬öϵġ
ÿˮ׼ʱȥҲһ˳۵ħޣҲһԼħ޴߰ġ
ǧЦãﵼʦܱˮͶôûģ
ִƺ«ǶûģֻȥԴľ˴ûԼʲôõħޣҪ˵еĻǱ˾ˣȻԼһֻʮ׵ѩǡ
ʮף
ǧȻܿ뵽Ǵȸɭּʮʨɴɴ˵ʮħǲģû뵽˾
ѧԺһţĻǧͷƽϾʮħޣ˾ҲܽԼʵڲһ֮
̯̯֣˭˵أʱѧԺ˵Ǹ飬ɾˡ
ǧѾܵˣԼһֻʮħޣѧԺ˿϶𺳣Ͼʮħ޸ּΪײ˾Ǽеʶġ
һãʮħ޲˶ҲһԼΪʦϣʵħ޾Լˣ̰ͼһЩ޵Ķ֪𣿡
֪ڹԼǧͷһůƿǵﵼʦзִ硣
Ӧһص
ǧϣеӨ󷢹⡣
ȹЩȥԴľһϣԼһֻħޣ飿



256 ˻ҩ

֪ԼҪֵˣڡԡħ޾ˡ
ǧһѽƶռ䣬ȥ˼ί
ίһ꣬ȥҩʦᡣ
ͷһɹ͵ӣǧƿӽãͷλϣһ߰ҵСк
Скһͷڣһ֪ͨ˼ҵĺӡ
ǧСкϿ˼ۣܾЩ졣
ǲ˵עӣСкͷ̧˲ͺǧĿ˸š
Скӣװ֣رɰü֮侹ЩīӰӣǧȻ򣬹ֲЩϤԭλòİ˻ӣīİ˻ʵܡ
ʼҵƷȻĶ࣬Ųһʱˡ
λ˻ҩʦν£Ѳɣѧϰҩģ
ǧ˼һܿ콫Ŀ˻
˻Ծǧϴһĺ۾գ͵ͬʱͻȻڵ˵λϾȵң
û뵽ͬԼ˵ǧ㶣ŵҲǴ˰֣λϵĹͲ󡣡
īգŴ۾˵˰ҲǾȣҵԺ¶Ҳһġ
˵ţðצظ
ǧһۣ㱻ЦˣǸ˼кСġ
λҩһƺãаͽĿͶ˹Сֵ˰ҺͰһյҪҪƷƷ
Ȼյ
ǧһ£̧ǰȥƷ
īҩҲĸȤһյãƨƨ˹ȥٶȾǧһЩ
ǧ̲С壬ЩεЦЦ
ðյаϿơīһϣ۾һֱаеյ
аرΣϾǰ˻ӣаҲöΣ˻ӣͱﵷˣʹɱˡ
аϻáīգŴ۾Щϳɵҽղģҩʦϰҩ¶Ҳͬˡ
аΪΣĺӵãð˻ӵ£ֵطϰҩܾû಻ãϾݰǶȻҪ˼ɡ
ǧǵĶԻ˸š
ԭλ˻ӶҩȤϰɿаƺͬ⡣



257 ҩ

ǧö˵תͷȥаеյ
īɫյԲ͸ܱߵӨǳǳ⣬һöн׵ҩƷڰʮϣ˵Ƿǳġ
аϣһöܲյǧЦЦĿⲻī
ī۷ؿյɼϲҩ
аҩϣеЦ¼ֻ֣ϧƷʲھʮϣӵлϵħӦþܴﵽ˰ɡ
ǧһ㶣򴽲
аڰֺ֣ܿû¶㲻ǻϵħʦͷƷʴﵽʮϡ
ѪӣǧЦЩΡ
ʱҲˣ࣬˻ӣͬ⣬ǹ˹С飬ҩʦᡣ
ͻȻ㵽īһ£ܿع֪ĹأСûλΪѵġ
Ƥ΢̧Ǳ㿪ʼɡ
˵ţָָһԵĳϰɫҩݣһС¯
īߵ¯ԣϹŵЦݡ
ǧϹâʢ󣬲ζüλ˻Ӻ
īϣֿʼҩݣı׾ڵ죬λС˻ӻЩҩӵġ
ǧĶйâλϣλ˻Щ츳ġ
λϼַ죬Ҳһ㶣ַ϶ǾѧڻʼҾܳԿͣǹĿ࿴
ȷЩ츳λૡ
ҩݴãīһԶ뵤¯У˳ֽеʯȡ
һͦƯʯǻʵ۸ŪģͷɢĻҫȣƷ
аеʯͻȻڵһ鼫õʯ½ѰôһţǶ谮мӡ
糯аһֽۣĿͶīҩַϣҩַҲܲҲǾ˸Ͽѵ
аĿջأЦŰ˻ƶҩȤΪֻҥû뵽Ȼġ
һֱҩַ򴽲
аֵֻϧλ˻Ӿòûǳƻá
ǧͻȻϰҲҪ֪λ˻ӽ߰ӣȻ츳Լָ㣬ͻͽ
а˫ѣ⻰˵õģ߰ˣʵЩ߲



258 ûҩ

ǧ䴽ȤͻС飬Ǳˣ߰궼ˣҶҪĪ
߰ܳΪҩʦаҲЩȻʵ
īʯŵ¯ַ죬ģġ
λߣź룬ַܾ÷Ŀ
Źһʱ˼ۺͻȻüͷƺЩ⡣
īר־δְı仯ͺƽһʱȻ󣬿ٸĻƵ¯ʱһĨǳǳҩζƮɢ
ŵҩζīϹһĨõЦ⣬ʱˣͽϨ𣬸ոձյͨĵ¯ҲѸȴ
īָϵ¯ЦϾλѾƺˣǸҼɡ
ǧʶһۣͼЦɼԼΪţǣ¯ͷеҩ
ǧջĿ⣬Ц
֪ʲôһֱû
аһǰ¯Ǵ򿪣һ򿪣һƵζһһ
˻ӣ¯ͷûеҩǼʲôаͷ𣬿ȥö
ԣīܵʲôһվԭأζûпڡ
˺һī૿ڣȫǲţôᣬղŵ¯Ʈɢζˣôûеҩأ
а֣˻ǲţԼ
īƳͷһۣٴԭأҲûǰ鶯ôڹһţôھͲˣ
ǧϿһۣղջַ죬ǰƳʹȻɡ
ʱīĵֵλϣ԰ɣ´һܳɡ
ش´ΣҲһܳɣջַȫԡ
īͣСɷףָ⣬˺һԲλϣҴˡ
˵ţīҪת뿪
Ҫ𣿡̧Ƥӣ
īŵýŲһ٣ƽڻʹҲû˸Ҷ˵ػð֮ȦֱӾͺˡ
糤ϣôˣīӣſǻš
֪ԼãæδƳҩҿóҩ츳Լָ㽫һɾ͡



259 ˻Է

ī˫ͬ顣
峺ϲ˫ڣЩ˼һֵûͨС飬óȻֻºܶ˶᲻ÿУȽСѧͯǹʲôģԺɡ
ð˻ӵСѧͯ
ǧʶ翴ȥֻɣ˽
īܽҩʦᣬ˷ܵصͷҪҩʦᣬ㵱СѧͯҲν
ǧʧЦС޶ǰҩ
ɫͣƶΪ˼֣ãԺÿʱҩʦɡ
ī˫Щ׾ҾлλϣһѧϰṼ

аһתͻȻЦ˻ӣҪһ¯ҩʱ÷СֵܴĴȥι۰ɣԺ͸һͬѧϰΣ
ǧһ飬һֱվû˵ڸйˣҲܱϣ
īһգһĨЦôðλСһҾһѧϰ
ǧǳøԼû೤ʱѧϰڻҪСġ
شīȥιۡ
ҩʦἫͷһһкöҩٵͷдҩǳżΪ֡
ǧҩ˼ۣÿҩſڶһ£ɫһаɫɫɫнɫЩɫӦ˻ϵɫǧҲֻܽɫµҩ
īһһţɫС磬ҩʦôԺҩ𣿡
ǧͷλ˵㻰ԺȻ
ī˲ЦİرһѣС磬ȥ¥Էɡ
ҳԷǧССͷôһСԼԷǮûУΪҪҳԷ˻ӵҲֻ֮Եѡ
īգʹ۾޺Сҵ˵һӿȪ౨ǳ극ʱȥԷ쾭塣
СС˵ϳɣƫڳһִӣʵڿɰĽ
ǧǹҪ棬ûУ
īתתһС˼¶С£ԷȻ˽ңȥǲȥ
ǧеС˼Щ棬ü˳⣬Ȼǰ˻ͣвȥĵ



260 īҲ

īЦĹģֻСһ
ɰģǧ˼֡
߳ҩʦᣬһ볯¥ķ
¥ȸʢľ¥沼װ޾£ƷʺóԣȥԲߵΣԼζҲһּܡ
ǧ˵¥ȴûȥԹ˯Ķ̫ǵǮ춼
λ˻ͣȻҪȥˡ
ܿ¥ˣ¥ŵƽʣԵøϲ졣
īͷŬǧС磬¥ˣҴȥ᷿
ǧգգ۾Сӻ᷿
б
ǧ˳ͷ뿴ˣʲôС˼
¥¥īһ䶩õ᷿ƿɲǣһ嵭̴ζƮɢζлдһ˿ˮ㡣
ǧͷŷ᷿лһˣɫ۵ӣȲ裬εǿżΪϤ
īܹȥס˵֣ҰСˣҪϲԵ㡣
֪ˡī˵СӣЦã֮⣬ʲôʱǹ
˵ţͽī𱧵á
īŤСƨɣ
ǧǵĶԻһţϸζ֪īС˼ʲôðīҪҳԷĻҲһСɣ
ī踧Ų豭ȲˮָȾ÷ۺ죬æˣҸͼ㣬Ҽһʵܴͣö㣿
ǧÿ£һһΪԣӣ¸ǿһҲ𣿡
ī˫Цůů⣬ҸҶǿ𣬵ʱ㻹ҵŤϣ
ǧЦ
īѾ˲¥Ʋˣ᷿Ʈɢһζžʳָ󶯡
Щ¥ƲˣȳţϲζڡīָɢĲȡ
ǧͼϵĲ༫ΪÿװƷ˲ĳһڣȸôÿҶĳˡ
ī蹴Цʲôĵģȱ˳Եġ
ǧ󣬱ֱӶ˿ӣһ㻯ˣóԣȸֵһ¥ֻǼ򵥵ĺѾȻôóԡ



261 ֪λ᲻ȥ

ǧҳյ÷˺óԶˣҲ壬βǲϲʳ
ЩúθڣҲ֪ûгԹ
뵽˴ǧſӵһ٣ô뵽ˣħˡ
īɫԣ̲סѯʣôˣ
ǧȻȴЩĲɣûʲôǾͦóԣЩסˡ
ī۾һգóͶԵ㡣
ǧƳͷͿīץһֻսԵǶ壬ȫûԵ÷ɰ
īȥˣŸոպãϲξΣġ
ǧſӣЩһ䣺һСƽҩݶҴۣô뵽ҳԷˣ
һС
ī豻ûƢˣôңû˵ôС
ǧüȾһǳЦ⣬ȻԼСҩͶҴ۰ɡ
ī̯̯֣ƹˤȻ㶼˵Сˣٸۣǳ⣬Ҿǲۡ
ǧĥ޲ýӶϣڲ˵
īգգ۾Ϊھ˵㲻ΪҪԷ𣿡
ǧüʾ˵ȥ
ī΢΢սһڴ¶ŷиȾˣôΪʲô㰲ĳԱǡ
ǧһʱ治ð˿
īٴιûеִǰ֪ҸΪף˻ʵѣպһ޳Χԡ
ǧ󲻽Ӹ£޳Χԣ
īüۣůˮѽ޳ΧԣɱЩҰζͼϲѡ
ǵ˼ˡǧٶȽִ״һ䣺ʱʵһˣ֪ʦλ᲻
ε֣īЩ۾ʦϲ֣޳ΧһֻҲᡣ
βȥǧе˷ܸоȥ࣬üëһװһܲӣͲµȥ
īֱǲһ䣬ҷƺԷθģǸ޳Χԣôͳȥˡ
ǧսָ⣬ȴһƽֻǺ棬ʦɱҰζʱǺģĻµĴʦҲ֪᲻ɱ



262 Ƕһ

īЦͻȻָָԼʲôÿģʱ޳ΧͿңɱҰζʱ̬Ӣ֡
ǧ´һЦŵ٩кκÿģ㣬һԼɱҰζ
īŴ꣬һʱ䱻ʵ˵
īʳҲЦ֣û뵽ᱻСʳС翴Źϵúãʶ𣿡
ǵĹϵȻܺá˵ţī边һ§סǧļһõģʱǱʶˣࡣ
īƶǶصͷԭСֵĺѣʱȻôࡣ
޷īԽ§ԽҪ§ڿʼ˽Ҳü
īӦ˫˸
ŨϢһȸҲϽӣǧûжֻÿ챻§ˡ
ᴭһֱӽī˫ĵ˵˵ֶţ֪֪ҿ챻§ˡ
̹͸üۣīЩܵգգ۾ҵҲӣ§㣬Ϊβߣ
ǧɵһۣٿ٩ˣҲӣǱôһˣǻˣ
īŴ꣬һʱ֮侹˵κηĻ
īֵؿǼۣЩǵ˵ЩʲôǧӣΪҪ˵ڣ졣
Ա㣬ǧҪ뿪īȴֽסˡ
һ¡
ǧֵؿһۣӵҪΣ
īӿռָȡһװݵǰպ޳ΧԣӦûװɣҶģøˡ
ϵһɫװɣҲԵЩŮߴҲʺԼīȴ˵Ƕġ
ɶʲôãӲҪʺԼģҲ̫˰ɣ
ǶģǧͼҳЩʲôۼ
īЦôݣȫûκ˵ѵĺۼȻǶģȻС֮˻Դһ𣿡
˵ҲǡǧḧǰװֻϺúãӦϵȻɫС֮˻Դһ̫Ҫ߳ˡ
Ƿ̵Ļī边Ȼûͦĵģԣװ𣿡



263 ޳Χڶ

ǧװռ䣬ò״ϵõôȻûо֮ǾͶлװˡ
ī䴽Цϣϲ
ǧͬƯҲϲ
īЦͬտ
ǧ¥˻뿪
صǧңܿͱԼұ˵֪պҪȥμ޳ΧԣʵҪͼϲ죬ĹǧҪμӣȱϯ
ǧУֽռװȡ
ɫװԵøƯҲʣǧָŪôҲīһ
ѵصشġǧ뵽˴һ񺮣ôС϶ܣ
СѾͷھʲô˼£ءŤŤСƨɣһϡ
ǧһۣҲʲôҲû˵
ħ޾˱ԹŮˣүѾ˳ɳڣЩͽħ޾ֻñүԱṩˣ㵽׺ʱܸүЩнף߽׵
ǧЩε̯̯֣н׵һᾡŪɸ߽׵һʱ֮Ҳû취ҵȼ̫¾սֻˡ
Щʧر죬ɳڵҪǧнħ޾ˣǧŸ߽ħ޾ˣɱǴ˰
ǧ󣬲¡üͷǧǧڳǮɣ
еĵͽħ޾ˣһ߳Իһ¿ˮͽ׵治óԣѳˡ
ǧǳ뽫ëι⡣
֪뷨ʶȤض㵽˿ռС
ǧˣЩЦˣСֻǶɫģЩ浹ͦɰ
޳ΧԻʱ䣬һҲ˷ѣǧŸŪʮн׵ġ
һԶȫˣսڵĴָһСûá
ǧһ߱ԹǮһԹɱħޣܿ޳Χڶ
ʵ۽޳Χйһ⣬⴦ǻʵۻؽģͷȫҰζ㹻Щ˴ϼ켸ҹˡ
һ磬ǧӱȫΧڽ⣬ߴߴ˵ͣ
ҲΧԵ·ݣôͻȻҪΧأ
˵Ϊ˻ӵ¡
˻ӣǸ߰꣬ǰزСӣ
˵Ĳκˣ˱صذⳡ޳Χԣͼϲ졣
˵˴ͻȻѹִһ˵ͣ



264 

ǧҽýǵĻ˸ţǧһЦλ˻˹ֲû뵽Ȼκˣϡ档
ǧˮʹüۣ使ߵĻ˵ӵŵ߲ʯģöĻ񵤺ҲҩʦλǰƵġ
ǧйâӵ±壬ʵѵá
ǧվһԣǽīˣ򴽣Ц
ੲݡ
ǧѩ̬ţԲգһɫװ·Ķ˳ڴ׺һЩߣԵø߹š
££ӣĿͶǧϣʵãϵװϸǵ𣿡
ǧװī͵ģʼ֮ȻǱѰǵģϴα˲ٽңҾЩǮ˼¡
ûÿǧѩ̲ס
˵һۣͻȻᣬȷʵÿȻ˰ɣ
ǧָ⣬ãϰɡ
ǵɫѿͷﶼнһˣ
ʱһߺ𣬱ЯŻʺλҲС
ģ̌һֻһ˲Ŀͱסˡ
Żʵ۶ĲδֻлǣзΡ
ɺ¹ͷڣɫķ˿ڼͷ紵ʱ˿һϸɷ֣ȻЩԶǧԼŵɢı㡣
θߣĿбӣʲôɼ֮ˡ
ǧĲգֻŲշãΪˡ
ī˵ϲ޳ΧԵ֣նμӣΪνָıˣ
ǧĿУƺϿЩʲô
νŲδͣȴ۽ǵ⿴һۡ
ǧеһղܸоοˣȻֻǳǳһۣоΪζΪ˭
εĵ˶ˡ
겻ѪѪʦҲӣƵƵͤ߳ҲͰˣμַǳ޳Χԣ̫Ǵ߳ˣ
ƣȻǴʦΡǧˮڼǼΪỺ
ʦμ޳Χԣֱ˼顣ǧп
һãδǧѩ
ǧɵزͷͼǧѩһ͵ضŷεķ򡭡



265 ˾ǰĵ

ǧѩˮ顣
ɲǣǧָһüͷλ˴㣬ǶԷμȤ
ǧüָۣ
ʱ񣬻ʵ۵Ϊɫ۵λã׵ʿ⣬˿
ʵƿĽɫϣ޵İ˻ǰЩӴ󲡳صؾٰⳡ޳Χͼ֡
īվһ࣬Լ㵽գŴ۾ʵһЦ
ʵ۲δǿǰſֵǽȸ½ʵˣȸ½ҪһƬˡ
ѪڣһĨܸߵľ
ʵЦ޵ⳡ޳ΧҪٰҹȻǶЩסˣһԱɡ
Ա
ʱ˸סˣȼѪ޲ôϹȥԡ
ʵۼǻúöΪص˵ͷڣ˭࣬һҪ󣬽òŵĴʦˣǻúñһ
ڻʵ࣬Լֱἰüͷûһ¡
ʵ֪ӣѾϰߣⳡף˭ǸףҪȡʸ񣡡
Ļһ£ٴզ
ǧѩָ⣬ʶοȥʵ˵һҪܡǧѩһЦȻ˲С˼
ȻҪ󡭡ǳ˵һͱʲôҪ󣿡ǧ˷ܵʡ
ǧѩջĿ⣬رܿˣҲ֪õһ˵ɡ
ǧȻԱûʲôȤתصԼڡ
ǧǰɫģҲܴ󣬿ɼҾʲôȴȫһײߣЩҶȻǻʵ׼ġ
ǻʵۣҶͣһ㶼ۡ
ǧÿ£һԵ¯ﻹˮһտˡ
ؽϴ˸飬Ҫݲʱͷӱÿˣ漴һߴӰ˽
ǧһ̧Щգգ۾
˾ǰôվĿ˾ϴƬ̣λֽӴҲ˵仰ѣôͻȻˣ
˾һϮӣЦ£Ҹղżܿˣ˶ȥˣ㻹Ƿ



266 Ѿ

ǧ΢۲ûϸ񣬶˼ϸ£˵Ǽõġ
ҡҡͷҵܺãûκβʣ˾ǰˡ
˾Цů񣬡޷ҵĺ󱲣Ӧõġ
ǧЦЦһſʵ˾ǰȥμղ˵˶Ѿȥˡ
㣬Ȼȥ˾ӷ£һ˲͸ͷ˼еЦ£ûа°֡
ǧһ£漴ԣָָεߵˮѾˣ˱ҪҪ
˾ÿ£ȴ֮
ǧЦЦˮݵǰ
˾ֽӹϸָ޳ŷÿ
ǧһۣ漴Ŀջأ֪ΪղԺͻȻεָ⣬ħˡ
˾һڣ㽫豭£Ƕ裬ζá
ǧŻ磬´󷽣ÿﶼһЩ
һûһţյҲͻȻ˾һתҲһ໮ҸղżߵѾˣоЩԾ
ǧŲ豭һ̧˾ף˾ǰ˵ÿǶߵĴң
ǲǽдҲ֪ߵλѾߡ˾ͣһ£еЦҲڽʧѹͣоɢһѰ֮ˡ
ǧüһƬ࣬˾ǰĸо
ʵҲĸоҿžԲǻˣܶţϾҵ¶йء
ԣ˾豭ִ¹ЦݣҲҵĸо̫ˣҲ̫⡣
ǧŪŲ豭βһʵѾʧ˺ܾãǰղͻȻصģôһ˵ҲЩԾ
Ŷ˾һʾ˵ȥ
ǧۣſڵұǸ֮ˣԴӻصк󾹰˲٣Ϊͣղ˵
˾豭£üۣô˵ҸղŵĸоУ
ܡǧָ̫࣬һʵȻ˾ǰ˵ҲֻϲУô˵ˣ
˾µǧС㻹ǻһ



267 ڰֽ

ǧʹüۣҲ˵Լ뷨ѣ˵ǾˣȻôᶯˡ
˾ƿǣʵ̣ͬɷǺҲδ࣬ϵȷһֽ
ʲô飬ǧȻɴ۾ʶԼʧ̬æȥ˵ʵ̫棬ôĽأ
˾ȾһȻǺڰħʦĽˣܽͨ˱ɵϵħʦȻҲΪá
ǧ̿ˮһʱ˵
ڰħʦᾹĽٶิˣֻ¹ڶ࣬½ϵҪԸǻѡ
˾ȥͻȻЦһܾŵģҲֻ˵˵ڰħʦӦòڲ˵ز֡
Ҳǡǧ䶯ǡ
˾һתֵҲҪһ۶λдҵԶһ
ǧ֪ˣл档
˾޷
ǧãû뵽㾹СδȵīȻƿӣһƼ˾Ҳͷһ٣˫΢΢
˾ŪŲ豭Цɢ崺磬ӵºǧС죿
ǧī裬ʱʲô
ī轫ӷ£߹ȥ£һֱҩݣһȥҲˣҲҩݸĴͻ
˵ţͳǧüŪۡ
ǧ˿ˮû
ī˿٣Цɲúÿ
˾ϴٿЦЩ⣬ԭˣϾȸֻһҩݸҩֻܵӵ
īЦЦ뵽ʲôһʵǸղʲô˾Ҳ죿
˾ҡҡͷ˫ů£ˣֻǼܿòΪ˲ͽҲǳڶԺ󱲵ĹĶѡ
īһ٣תͷӲ
ǧûҾǿˣصȱˮѡ
īͷɣԭˡ
ǧջĿ⣬򴽲
ʱ˾ͻȻվЩ飬뿪ˡ
ǧҲ죬Ҫ뿪͵˵ͷãѾʼ˾ǰҲĪˡ



268 㴩ÿ

˾ܿ죬Ѿߵˡ
īͻȻѪһһסǧ֣Ҳﵢˣ˶ڷɱҰζģ
ǧţҲЪЪŶѡ
īקСֲţߣһȴɱҰζ
ͷ˾δԶһ¾ͽǵ̸˸ţ΢΢һٴи֣仺뿪
ǧīȥʱ˾Ѿˡ
ߵǣ׼ѡīƨɣʵǲѡһƥӱȽº͵ģҰǣߣ
ԼСˣǧüʾȻһƥÿͺãº͵ľǧСɡ
īЦЩϲ־ǿСӣʵˣðɣҾͰѡһƥܵÿЩ
ǧҲԼͻȻͱһƥѩ׵סˣƥ治ܾܲҪһƥ
īһۣɫ΢䣬ƥУǷεר˷˭Ҳ޷㻹ѡһƥİɡ
ǧŴ꣬ĿѩԭǴʦֲëɫѩӡ
ͺͷһÿ
ڿ޷εīһѽУһƥ˵ôãڰѡǧԣȷεƥöˡ
ǧʶŤͷһ㿴һƥɫڸǰٵأŷţëɫݵġ
ѡƥ㳯ɭʻȥ
ɭҰУǧһӾ䵽ֻҰӡ
ī迴ϵӢˣ⽥
ǧͷƤ飬޿̲Ťͷʵӵ²ҰζҲͰˣʲôѵң
īһ仰ôô
ſˮȾһϼֲҰζҸҪ㣬ֻǼ㻹洩װ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ŶǧüǿЦ㿴ôãúÿ𣿡
ȻǺÿġīЦʱ¶һڴüΪֵ˵Ѻÿδ˵Ҳÿǧˡ
ǧʼ磬һν֪˵ʲôûĸһ⣿
ī죬ֱ˸



269 Ǻ

ԱǧһЦ⡣
īͣƬ̣ܿ궯ǷλǸƱˣμֻɽͻȻ˵Ҫμˣ˵治֣
ǧɱװУ˼Ҵʦ겻ţˣ͸͸ʲôġ
𣿡īĿϴţ˵᲻Ϊʲô˲ģ
ǧͷһʶȥ㲻˵ʦϲ˽ӻΪʲô𣿡
ķī°ͣΪͬص˵ͷҲǣӦòΪ˭ڻҲ֪ʲôġ
ǧӹ磬Ҳ羰ģ
ī迴Цüۣенɢ࣬ܰɣйķ羰ǼõģҸʻ˺ö͵ġ
ǧŽ˷羰ֻЦ
ŹһʱҲ˲ҰζǧһԵϡ
ī轫ԣŻ˹ȥһϣʣʲôʱȥ
ǧƳͷȥȻȥˣ羰봵硣
ī뵽ʲôһǹЦòޱȣҲȥһ𴵴Σ
ǧβſڵɡ
īһʤƣᶯŵһŮ㣬ǳǳţ̾Գſˮ̲ס˼֡
ǧȫ֪뷨һݵؿϡ
īڣЩ򴽽ǣǧͿЩʲôΪģ
ǧüζʮ㣬ĽˣҲͿ
īŴ꣬һʱ䱻ʵ˫ͨ죬ҾʣһͿĨŮӼҵĶʲô
ǧЦ֧Ծ
ī迴ľٶ̲סʵȥҪȥ
ǧǣסһϮװԵӢ˲ɫҸûȥˣӵ⣬Űɣݡ
ɲǣ𣬳
īΣٷֱ׷ȥ
Ҫִڵʱī轫װҰζĴӶС
ǧֻûһأæǣסֹͣھʣӵǺ⣿
ī˫ͬ飬˵ǻӣҪףǾˡ



270 㽻

īһ٣ֵε޳ΧǸûᣬǵõһ򸸻Ҫⲻͦã
ǧǳǳȷͦõģɱ˵ףҲ뿿Լʵ
˵ţͽӶī衣
īʶӹӣֿһ䣺СѾͷ治Ҫ
ǧǿҡҡͷҪӵ¿ɲҪҳΪ֮ˡ
СѾͷǰװ״һûᡣī۾ЩЦãССû뵽Ȼô󣬺ûǰȴװƵ
ǧսһ廪֮к޷ᶼԼģ˸ġ
ī迴͸ǿ˫һʱ侹Щ򴽴ǣһŻʵҲҾϲ־ǿֺǿӡ
ǧһۣʲôû˵ͼнˡ
ԶȥӰīЦÿ
صɫѾˣʵû׼ᣬù˽˶Żͦḻģв˱ǡ
ǧϴſʼԷ
СֻŵζԴӿռ˳
ǧȸǿУСֻԻצӱţеú죬ʧЦһƽʱħ޾Ҳ˰ɣôҵĴȣ
öų䣬һħ޾ֻܽ±С죬ûʱпȤζ
ƤӶû̧һ¡
ǧֵֻЩСȤζǰɡ治֪˵ǡ
СֻˣС
ԹţǧСֻϵռ䣬ȡ䷽׼衣ȵϴˮһˮƣȫϴǧ̾һſľͰԵǳߡ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧ⴫һҵĽŲǧȻ۾Ѹٽϡ
ͬʱӱÿˡ
ǧ߳ľͰȼ仹ˮ鲻ɲǾͽʪ˭㲻ͨͽģ
ҹȫû뵽ϴ裬һܼ޵ĳ㶣˺ðβ֧֧ǧСҡ
Ϥǧһ㶣ͼҹһִٵվſڡ
££ӣЩʣҹôν£ѲɣǴʦģ
ҹü۵ʹҿǣҪģǧС㽫彻ҼںҪ



271 ӷ

ǧüʦںҪ壬ΪΣ
ҹ򴽣һȫ˵ӣǧС㲻عʣֻܽ彻ұǡ
ǧ⣬ҹϵէ֣ʦҪȡȴͣ˵ҸĲأ
ҹ̧ϳѺۣǧСǲң
ǲšǧۣöǴʦܱģİҲҪϸһ㽫֪ңҵԿһ¡
ҹŴ꣬ƺڿҪҪ˵
ǧµ˵Ļòˡ
ҹζҪȥˣܽ㣬ӦǶ㼫Ϊεģҽվͽ˵㣬ϣؿƿ
ǧ֪أæͷ֪ˣҶؿƿġ
ҹһſ˵ַˡ
ǧͫ׵ɴ뵽ϴηβӣͻȻˣǸոշ𣿡
ҹҲû˵ʲô
ǧЩһۣûɵİθһЩմʦӾŲôֻͻȻ㵽ڻʲô
ҹۣȵϻһûǧСȻô֪Ҿԭԭ㣬ϾӷѲ˸ϵ
û뵽˵ǧüͷԵʣѲ˸ϵΪҪô˵
εĲӦǾɼʲôϵ
ҹһЦĿ󵨵ǧӵ屾ͲãΨпǰѪУƫ㣬ûѪӵӲãԭδʱ򣬾Ϊǰˡ
ǧŴ꣬޴ӷ
͸ܵϮˣȴû뵽ǰܵѪһֱôȥҪ
ֲϴηλͻȻԭ뿪һˡ
ɼȻҪΪҪ裿
Ҳ֪Щǧ򴽣ʹڻ𣿡
ҹںܲãǧСͽ彻
ǧȡҪеҹʱѸٽ˻ҹ򴽣ЩõʵǧСǺ⣬뽫𣿡
ȥʦǧͻȻ侲



272 ȥа취

ҹһû˵
ǧۣʪɵȴûаȥ廪ƣ˷ǳֽ彻Ͼǳģȷ
ҹϵסˣס˺ðŵͷǧСɡ
ǧ
ҹװΪ˼˵˾䣺ȣǧС㲻ȥ𣿡
ǧûоʲôԣǣ޷
ҹ죬һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
εڻʵ۵ͦ󣬸ɫļҾ߶·ǳһ߽ȥһ̴ζƮɢڱǼ⣬̴ҲаĹЧȻΪζġ
ǧΣֱֱߵߡ
ϣɵòȣͲ԰׵ɫڸףϵİɫֽ·һͻˣǧŰЩġ
ҹվ̲סڵҲ˰ɣҼӵǺܺá
ǧ򴽲һѽС
ܵѪһʱ͸оԴڿϧԶԶ˫ղ߽ɫķ˿ƽͷϣֵС
䣬䡭
䡭
һ߽ﴫϣǧüͷٴν뵽ĲŽģܿͱ޾γ⡣
ȻôҪΪҪ
ǧҧס촽⸴ӣЩʱ㲻εЩʲô
ҹӲãҪƵģЩվסˣȻѾסˣΪŸӲˣ
ǧ䶯꣬ƣ̫õⲡڶȻûʲôã
ҹǧ
ЩҪ壬ҲƵ޳Χʱ˿ӻΣա
ҹҧǲû˵ʲôָĻƳͷʵΨһܵѪĶҲûãǸΣ
ǧӹµתٿ˫𣬾Ǳơ
ϴηҧָѪʱĲͺ࣬ѲɣѪ񼲵ҩ
岻ݴǡ
ҹȳȥӦа취Ǽӡǧδ̧Ƶм˰ĵζ
ҹվԭûжЩ
ģ̌׵סȥ˽



273 ҧ

ҹһʹ̧ųȥˣȥЩյؿһ۽յӣϣܽ˾Ȼɡ
ҹһ뿪ǧЩӵؿ֪ҵѪǲЧʼҲҺܶ࣬ҾٸһҵѪţҲһΡ
ȫԣ֪˵ʲô
䡭
䡭
߽Ҳ²ͣ
ǧüʲôشһѸٽָݵߣͬԤϵʹϮ۵һӡ
Щૣǹҧúۡ
ûһ㣬˱ָϵѪҺѪҺһȸȫһ
ߵĻȣǧɴ˫㱻
ҲЦ
˱Ƭ̣ͻȻ³ָǾòһ㾹ֱǧļֽţ˿ɡ
ܵһɱζϮǧӽסʲô
˫գǰӡһĨС
ǧɴ۾Щʲô
ԼԣͻȻֽ½˺ֱӶ׼ļͷҧȥ
ͷʹǧüͷһ
һƼŽߵĿգѪãϾһĨΣҲǰδе㡣
ǧֱ
ŵķǾϵˣ볾ķıż
ǧ뿴ıʣȴ޹
ϵѪڲţǧ򴽣ɫЩ԰ףѪôྐྵ㣬ôúȣ
شֻзèһߴŷ
ǧĺһը񱻴ʲôһ̲סָ̧Ϸεĺףһ˲ĴϮҲ˼ͷʹС
ǵڶΣҲһΣһ㡭ǧૣʹԼѣԸƻһ
㽫ǧſſʱһѪӴߵ䣬ʺѪĵ˫͸ף˫̺졣
ǧסۣηͷɺá
˯úܳ͸ź˫ɫɼӦҲס˰ɡ
ǧ½ϣһ˲ѪٽͷƬȾˡ
żͷ첽߳ʲô鷳



274 ȥʱ

ͷҹǧæʵǧС㣬Ҽˣ
ǧۣʦľɼѾסˣڿԽȥ
лǧС㡣ҹܿ췢ɫЩԣæʵǧСû°ɣ
ǧһ˰ֵû£Щˡ֮Ȩ֪飬ǰıãҾȻȥˡ
䣬żͷĴҴҶȥ
ҹıӰЩüͷӰһʧÿӽڣһȥͿѾˣڴͷ
ˣҹһϲ
еİ巢ǷֻδɵѪգҸղŲʱ˭ˣ
ҹͨһڵϣȴֱֱͦӣȥǧСҪģϸҺö⡣
̧ĮҲε㶼˵ˣ
ҹ΢΢ͷʱһֱ׷ʣҲ˵㲻ҿǵӵӱȰ˵ˣǧСӦòǻ˵ˡ
֪ˡƿǰδеů뵽ղŵѪգһ㶣ɫҲЩŹ֡
ʣҵĲڣκõģ
ҹȵգգ۾ͷɫΣ͸ղŵĲҰγԱȣӦǰɣʱһֱ⣬û塣
ȻʣȥʱûʲôŹ֮
ҹŬ룬ɫЩ԰ףһֱ硭
βǱԵѪѾɺԣȴȻܸܵǵȡ
սеİ֪ˣȥɡ
ҹԲĵһ䣺ӵӿްˣ
ν䣬ްˡ
ô˵ҹ뿪
һߣ壬һ˫Ӷǰ
ͷ衣
ǧصԺһſڴϣ۸д񾭶ˣ֧ӣϳ
ʱѪѾɺԣϽƤϣʱڰһƤ۵üͷһͼѾɺԵѪҺֿʼѪģżΪˡ
ǧḧ˿ڣ˼ԳЦ
ϴڷμͷҧһڣҲҧˣ㲻ǱӦ
ǧæȡһѪ¡



275 ü

ҩЧܺãϾͲˣ类ҧڣĺۼһʱҲ޷
΢һѪգſͷϺ˯ˡ
գǿʼһֵԣö˳ɫŸոѾȥǧ˯ú죬ֱ̫
·ʱصؿһۣǸҧۻͦҲ֪ܲʵ
ϴϣǧÿӳȥˡ
һȥͿҲôǧŲ΢٣̧ܿӣûһ
οıӰĿһֱ鸴ӡ
ҹվͻȻǲǧС˵ͽ˽
ΰ֣ѵء
ҹӦһ㲻˵
һֱ뿪ķֱӰʶ壬˼֡
뿪ε߷ΧǧŻɵؿǽϡ
ˣȻһžϷΣҧĻ滹ĿûҪô
÷ûнסȻɵ
ǧŸշɺãһֻģҲ漴ұȥȥԣû뵽㾹͵
ǧһͷͿīһõվǶ
򴽣ԾԣΪһҪң
ī蹴ԵĻȻҪͬ˼
ǧǽ֧ӣͬλСܵܰ˻ӡ
ī۾һգǿЦ⵹Ǹ뷨Ҿϲһԡ
ǧһۣûаŶԭˣȻӾ͸Űɣǲġ
ƽı飬īܵؿЦһʲô飬ΪβẦһ£
ǧ׵գգ۾ΪҪߣ
īָһʱ˵
ǧüеǣߡ
ī迴ıӰܿҲǣһƥ׷ȥ
ӺܴһûӰ
ǧɲһ˫ֻСá
īֽкãüȻһ˫񡣡
ǧһЦɳ۶ȥʱͽֻСװ벼С
ī迴ϵӰһʱ侹ЩƲ۾
ʱһ֧շֱǧȥīͫ׽ߺһСġ
ڼʱǧӦ
ۼֿ콫ȼĶذȡ¡



276 ֪˭

顱һ֧ƿϮļͱΡ
ѵļأļ𶥶ŴĿĹâ
īΣ˿ŤͷһСӰӳУۣ˭
ǱߵӰߺ̲ڣģֻʡ
īüȥ׷ϣƤӵףҪ˭
ǧĨСӰĨϤϵļϸʱͷּϿһССġǧ֣ǿҲüõĲƳɣǧҵļû
ˣǸ͵Ϯ˵ѾԶ
ǧһ񣬺ܿͽռС
ʱһīˡ
ǧϣôץ𣿡
īյҡҡͷ˾Ҫһ÷ɿ죬ǰǶ·ȫôҺܿ͸ˣһҲǸһѵ
һǧһĹôһ䣬ֻ»͸ˡ
īһ֪˭µ֣
ǧЦ˫ȴǸĪ⡣
īʲô˵Ҳû׷ʣȻѾ֪˭ͽԼȥɣҾͲˡ
ǧȴҲܿʧ˴Ե£սǱ߸ȥ
ôˣī
ǧüĿһݣҶϮˣôļԣȻȥϢϢһ˵
īʧЦһ
ǧۣʲô
ī贵һڣЦһãҾҲܵ˾ţҲȥϢһ¡
ǧһعͷͲ˵ˡ
صǧǣǣŸոսǣأͿǧż߳ɫҲЩ԰ס
ǧۣһȥ
ǧɫΪ԰˼֣ü֮һĨԹ֣ƺ뽫ˡ
ǧƽװ֪ʵôˣɫΪ԰ף
ǧһɫԲ԰ײ£㻹ȹܺԼɣ˿˻ڴԣ㾹ѾֻҪ󡣡
ǧЦ𣬲䣬Ͳö㵣ģϾҲˣ
ǧ䶯꣬ʵ˵



277 Ϊβ

ǧٴγ֣㣬Ҹղ㱻Уӵÿվڼ˻ӵ»ּһҼһֱżͷ˻еľɣ
ɤħڵ
ǧŵĸβʶϼͷЩۣ̿ˮžһ˵˵żͷֻΪѣʲô֣ҸͲ֪
Ŷ𣿡ǧü˫ܿһУˣ
ǧۣĴţˣô㣿
ǧѶһУȴԾװɵףֻǾö΢ЩɡϾʱ˻Ҳֳƫ䵽ľǰ˻ӣһʱͳȥһɼֵ׷鵽׵İɡ
ǧɫɷףЩġ
ı飬ǧ˵ֵӦŮӣǶ԰˻⣬ԲŶԹҲǸպú˻Ӳ˭Ȼǳ˵԰ɣ
ǧͷƤ飬ðβŻ㱵ǰжἵʵŮӡ
ǧС԰Ҫٳ֣϶ᱻ˻Ӿġ
Ǻǡǧͷ궯æתãͻȻЩͷۣȻȥϢˡ
ǧǣͷۿɲС£Ҫչ𣿡
ǧҡͷһ꣬ˣдھС
˵ҡǧʶͼһͣзһ
ǧۣ˿˾˵ĽõǸʲôֻǸССѾ߶ѣ
ǧʹѾǧصת
ʱЩǧӻڴԣһʱüΪǧڸ΢ĸоֻůġ
֪о·˷εƳͷŲһ١
漴һĮ翵ɤȻˣͽɡ
ǧû˵֪
֣Ҳ֪ǲýȥ
ʱεٴδΪλ
ǧüһֱÿ˽ȥȻǴʦģҲƴǣǰɣ
ϣֱһƮɢ裬΢΢̧ǰӡ鶯ѣҸλ°ɡ



278 һ㸺

ǧĴ˼ۣһλ¡
μ£üһɫ
ǧûüɫֻǾýɫãЦЦʵҹ˵ˣǰҲ£öʱˣ㰲ĵѪͺá
εüëɫһȴûпڡ
ǧЩۣϾʱǽȥˣƫöֶԷμΪҪĺĲ
Ǹǧָ⣬һʳڣˣ
䣬ⲻ壬żڼ
ζ˫Ų豭һĨȣҵѾˣ㣬㻹ðɣ
˵ţ硣
ǧʶԱһŲɾͱܿĿ⣬ҲûʲôԿѪѾˡ
ֽĿͶȥʹΣҹȥʱɫãһֱ磬ǲ˵ˣ
ǧҲֱˣҹⶼ˵ˣ
ġεĿһֱ磬Ⱦһ㵣ǣȴָֺܿĮѲı飬֪ʱܻƲסԼϴһ
ǧΣҧŴû˵
γ֣ҿ˿ڡ
ǧգգ۾˫ûɵĺһЩҪҵ˿ڣ֪ҵ˿𣿡
ָָ磬ִ
ǧüܿͰڳһνģһô޵ĵطʦҿǲſ˿Ϊɣ͵ϷҰ
·֪ε̾һֻ뿴
ǧڣֻҪ׸Сãգգ۾ô죬һǻƻŮء
εָⲻһ뵽ʲôһƿɤɵ飬޷һ㸺ġ

ǧЩŹֵؿۣôѲȢң
α鲻䣬ĬĻҪôҲԣϾļ˵ģҸö㸺𡣡
ǧüۣһ˲оԼվƶˣôĲʵܿЦʦͱЦˣҿɴδףҲҺףȻ뿴ͿɣǰĶҲ١
üҲ֪ľ仰񾭡
ǧСӺֻԼ½ʵԼ



279 

û˵ֱӽֿϣɲǣһƱ֮͸ϴ
ǧۣЦԭʦҪԶ֡
λϵ½ƿһصĶһŸ߹ǧԼ
½ƿһɫ͹ĺۼͻأ̴֣̺ڽ׵ļϣۣḧǵӡϡ
ĴϮǧһһ¡
ָסۣ
½Ƶò㿪ȴܿ岱µľǣǧܱܿĿ⣬ָֻۣ̫ˣ
뵽ʲôһκܿ콫˻Ŀȴһֱ
ôֱţǧЩ˼꣬һʱ֪Ǹý½ϣǼŸ
ε͸½ϣҧʱ𣿡
½ʱһĨůϮǧеһ㽿߸˲䱻ɢüûûʵҧʱ𣿡
δĿ׺һĨ⣬ۡ
ǧҪһһ⣬ɵȻ㲻ۣҲֻۣǱҧһڶѡ
οһۣû˵
ǧϲֳĬ˳°ЦʣʦҽΪ͵ҵ˿ڣͲ˵Щˣ
κؿţޱߣЩʲô
ǧתתԺһԽͬˮ㲻ӿ̣㲻ϲ޳ΧԵ֣ΪҪΪʲôˣ
ͷ·ֻҪһͻʲô
κӣз·ֻһˣƿΪʲôֻմ֡
ǧͣͷ׹ƽһԭˣ㳣ͤǸúúɢɢģƻˡ
ͬĻʲôҲû˵
ǧӲ֣ҲȫɫȻʦҲˣҲʹˣûʲôҾˡ
ιµָգЩãߣ
ǧĪؿۣУ㲻˵Ծ
κЦؿۣڴҵ˼
ǧֱ˫˿û⣬ĸҰ
θ˸İ壬̾һҲ˵ԴĵĴ



280 ɱ

ǧĻסˣӲ֪ɰĴʦ
Ŵ꣬鼱ֻ֮תƻʵʦǸڰħʦĽ𣿡
ζ࿴ۣУЩʲô
ǧ˼ӿ˾ûƭֻֽ»Ầˡ䶯ǣҲûʲôǾøиѾ߲ͬѰһ¡
εֱߵĲ豭׼ůů֣飬СһЩ
ôһģǧûϢů˼֡
򴽣ƵӦһлѣһСĵġ
֪ȥˣεɫΪ͡
ǧ˿ɫȻ治ôȥˣһ˭ҴӴʦΪ㣬϶Ὣ˺˵ġ
ҲվǰĹȫڱΣµû٣
ǧͣԭҲῪЦ
˵Ҳͨˡʹм־Ӹµζ
ģ̌һ˲ײУͷ˿˫ԵЩŹ֣ȻĿջصҪˣǺڡ
˵ţƿӣ˾ʹҴ˳ȥ
һߣδԼƣ˫ָոļͷ
һæ˼˻ԾһƬͬԶ׵ˡ
΢Ѭůȴһ֡
ǧ½Ųܾûʲô·ɾʲô벻͸
Ŀջأſ첽صС
죬Եޣǧеﲢ࣬Ҳȥ׷ϾԻʵ۵һҪ󲢲Ȥֻͼֶѡ
ӱܣͻȻһѪ˴ӷ϶˳
ǧһսͣ
Ѫ˻رܣһֱڽлţ

ǧȻѪ˵ЩϤ
ǡ
ǧʶʲôٷֱץסѪ˵ѪܵʲôžϣҲϡ
ǧۣͷغһɴɴ侲һЩǧеĻˡ
ɴɴץסľˮߣͫ׵ɴȴᳶһĨȿ޻ѿЦ⣬ǧҪңղҪɱңҺòײӳġ
ǧԸеԾ
ʼйĽ⾹Űɱߣλɱߵôģ



281 ȥ

ңʿһֱ񸽽ʦҲڽ⣬ĸɱ߸˴󵨣
ǧɴɴͷϵѪÿ˼䣺ɴɴڸϮ˳ʲôģŮ
ɴɴȻǱסˣһֱͣ
ǧۣŷһĿӡ
ӴжֳɼɱߵĺǧæȡһѪ
ɴɴһº󣬾״̬Ҳ˲٣һקǧļϮҵ˺棬ҸƲ˵ģӦŮӡ
Ůӣ
ɴɴױϵħʦһҲĶ֣ô˵ɱǸǿĴ
ǧ°ͣüͷ٬ɱߵģĵȼܸߣ
ɴɴŬ룬ӱܵزһ£ҵʱԣͻȻ˴ڳֱұϿһµӰȣʱϢһһʽΪ˿·
ȣп·ʽ
ǧüͷ¡ɱ߲򵥡
ɴɴ࣬ɶһӣǧ˱ȡģܵÿ죬˵ǲѧԺ˿Ҳ˳ɵң
ǧ˼ۣɡ
ɴɴһֻʧСèקڲţڸô죬Һ¡
ǧһתȲҪţɱûеֿܻһжǿһ򾡡
ɴɴ̿ˮЩ£ĳҪҪ¸߱£
ȲҪɡǧï֣Ĺ˸ɱߵٹ죬߱Ҳһܲʱ򷴶ݾߣŪɳ׾
ɴɴһͷģҶġ
ǧ˵Ȼϴһ£򶨣֪𣿡
ɴɴæͷȴͻȻСһһ£ȥòá
ã߰ɡǧص
ɴɴ΢һ˶ˬ˼֡
ʱ⴫ĺŽ
ɴɴƣŵõڴϣʲôôͻȻˣ
ǧƿһۣӦǻʼҵĺŽһգɫѾ磬ʱһˡ
ɴɴظһǾͺãһΪɱˡ
£ûµġǧ˫һ䣬Ҫˣȥȥ



282 ޸ʦ

ɴɴòӦȥ㲻˵˵Ҫ𣿡
Ǿ߰ɡǧÿ߳
ɴɴһ٣Ҵ׷ȥ
ŽһǧӶϵ˻ʵڴнһĹҵĴӣմѪգѪζŨء
ɴɴŵѪζܵһ¡
ǧֱʾ¡
ɴɴһ̧ͷͦ۾״һɨˣͼӺ˾ѲһȦδ
ʱڿϵĻʵۿڵսޱҪһǵĳɹ
ǧһؽӴ򿪣Ϊš
ʵȥ鲼Ź˰ʱϡ
£ǡ˸˸ǵ˶궯
ʵҲЩżЩ˵
˵ʥŮܹɱٶֻӱ
һٴ궯
治ʥŮȻԷ涼ôţơ
ٶֻһֻʲô
ǧʶǧѩ˼ۡ
ٶֻҪִɣ
ʵ۵£׻ʲô
ǧ˫ûɵﾹֲĸоҲ֪Ϊʲô
ʵһϢüЦʥŮԶҪ֣Ҹ˵˵ɣҪްʲô
ǧѩǰϵɫȻ컵ζҪøΪУͻȻ룬Ŀʱʱεķȥˮ
ǧ˳ķȥͷʱһ
Ҫ󣬵׻ʲôͷйأ
ʥŮ˵ʵֻһ
ǧѩջĿ⣬Ȼ˼ãᶨ£ΪŮͻ顣
ǧֱֱָǶͷĲˬиŨ
ʵ۱Ҫһ΢Ƭ̲ſڵʥŮ֮ˣ˵˵˭ҲΪ
Ů֮ǡǧѩߵشüۣٿֱֱ̧Ǳ߿˹ȥǷΣǴʦΣŮһ;þΪˣӴҲն½Ů͸ʦ
һʵˣҲ±ˡ
֮˾ȻǴʦΣ⣬ȫǵԤˡ
Ҫ֪ʦο˰Ĵڣʵ۱¶Ҫü֡



283 Ĳ

ǧѩɫ죬ͼȾָʦֱ̫˼ˡ
˿һǧѩֿһ۷Σһʱ䶼֪˵ʲôˡ
ʵǧѩݣʹʦ׺ҲС
ʥŮղ˵ʲôûʵ䶯ǡ
ǧѩ̧£ŮǴʦѾã³ȫҴ͸ʦŮȻм
ʵۺһܵʲôţζ˵
ʥŮĵʶǷʦסīµؿǧѩЦŨŨʣΰ
ʵۻδӾлι롣
ǧѩ߰°ֻͣ߰ȸȴڿʱ̻һ̶ˮ
ǧסָ⣬鸴ӡ
ջ˵ҪԼ𣬿һתͷұ˴㾹ȻˣͷͼӷϿ̽뷨Ծ׵һ㣬򶨣ǵһᡣ
ǧ򴽣ýĿջء
Ƭ̣ʵ۲ſڵҲһжҪʦ˼
ǧѩŷΣһڼôʦ˼ǣ
˵ע»ߵǧѩߣǷʱϵĵĮϢԣʥŮܺá
ǧѩΪԼϷ˷ܵգգ۾
ǡεʹüۣͻȻһת
ͻתǧѩĶˣ۰ͰŷΣͷǣʲô
νĺڵ˫ӳϽŵ飬Ĳ㣬ǿպһֻͽգʥŮջظղŵĻȨû
ǧѩڣСɷףΪλЩӣȴ顣
ҧ꣬дżִ֣ԾɲôʦϲŮӣҼȻ϶㣬Ϊȥı䡣
û뵽ǧѩ󵨣ٴզ
˵զǧѩһСҲһĨˡ
ʥŮΪȥı䡣εĮֱ飬ƿ飬Ĳþǲãָı䶼޲ʥŮִ֡
ǧѩ䶯꣬ɫҰֽ
ܾⷬüΪף˵κλء
ʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣǸ߹ģǰȻͻ˼ޣ˵ЩصĻͻñ΢͵ᱻ˶ЦΪ̸ʡ
ǧѩ򴽣ָ⼫š



284 ſ

θֶ⵭ýһĨ
ǧѩĬƬ̣ٿ̧ȫ¾Ȼûаʧ̬ģȻʦ˵ˣҲǿǧѩõŵµˣ֮´ʦȨûɣ
䣬е˫ֽһֱҲ۳һۡ
οһۣʲôû˵߻ȥá
ҹ£ֹѹЩʵӣʥŮĸԸ޸㣬ΪҪܾӵѪѪ֮ˣ֮Ĳܺˡ
ΰ֣üĿһ壬ĪҪԡ
ҹί鲻Ըر͡
βʵۣ£ղŵѾϣ¸ʥŮһҪĻᡣ
ʵԣŻʥŮ㻹ʲôҪްɣ
ǧѩһյ˫ͻȻһɣϴЦ£Ů˵ѧԺһѧ¥¥ʮߣÿһжмΪϾͨ¥һֻῪһΣȻܲ¸Ůһδ¥Ļ᣿
ǧٴϴת˵¥Ӧ¥ÿ꿪һΣֻϵѧܽ롣
û뵽λ˴㻹ͦģûõˣ涯ԽǲԼԿ
ǧο˼ۣͷĲˬȻȥˡ
£֪ܾ
ʥŮĵȼȷȥ¥ʵ۾Ҫͦãûоܾޱ׼ʥŮҪ󡣡
ǧѩﲢûʲô˷ܸУֻüװ˵л¡
ʱ󽫾ҴҸϵһεĽŸ£Ҫ桭
ʵƿĽţҲ˼֣佫кҪ棿
һɨϵ˰һϣȥ׶ޱȣ£ʱ˴룬һѧԺһЩſɱˡ
ʵһ㽫еĲ豭γȥ佫˵ʲôٸ˵һ顭
ϥأɫǰδе࣬£˴룬˲ѧԺеſ
ʵȻԲ˭ȻƤӵ£
ü۵ʹӲʱȻѣֻһʬ塣
ɶ񡣡ʵýв豭ҳ
顱һ죬豭˲֧飬ǧŵϵĲ豭˼
ղɴɴɱ׷ɱвſ֣֮»᲻ʲô



285 кڰϢ

ɴɴˣæǶ㵽ǧ뵽˸ղŵ顣
ǧֱʾ԰ꡣ
ɴɴ򴽰꣬ŵԺһЩ
佫Ǻ˸˺޵񣿡ʵؿʺһ԰˳˿ҵ
̧һ֪˭ֳδκ˵ĺۼ
ʵӣȺǲŵΪλ˻ǶǸʲôԵģ
û˵ȴֱֱͦ
ʵƽһ飬βǿʵ佫Щʲôˣ
ٴ̧ɤҲż䣬ͷûЩŮǵȼߣǱ͵Ϯ¡
ʵеŭƽ࣬öЩŮЩĵճŮô
Ƥӵף¾Ҫ鵽ء
˶٣ֵ£ЩŮûĽǭĽݼҵĵճӡ
һ˾
ʲô
׷ϵħʦˣ˺ˣ
ЩܰɣĽǭƽվһ㣬ʵҲǿҧס˭˭ͻᵹùô㱻ɱ
佫˵ÿģʵЩš
ɫ򶨣Ľǭȷȷʵʵˣһ˺ۣǱ͵Ϯ¡
ʵ˶ʧȥѪɫôĽݼҽ
ʱͻȻվ£ȥ̽һֳҵʲôµ
ʵ̫Ѩ¾ͽ佫ʹʦɡ
˵ţʵ۾ÿӽڡ
ʣµһϯ˱ŷȥ˰ڷʬֳ
һʬƽڵϣǵ༫ΪֲܵʲôһȫɳһĿӡ
ʵڣֲ̫ˡ
ɴɴˣŻ
ǧŵϵʬ壬۾𣬿˵ַʮֲ̺
ʦΧһɺڰħʦϢǧѩͻȻڣһƶ
⼸ۣ˵ӽԶͣ
ڰħʦǰͿסǧħǰǣɱ˲ſҪʲôѲ뽫ȸ½ױ
뵽˴˵һн¶һĨɫ
еȷкڰħʦϢ˵һ䡣
ʬ壬ܿͲ˿е



286 ڹ

һаζƯڿУŲѪͺΪġ
õĿ϶𰸣ſˮ̱ڵء
ǰɣ䱸ɭϣڰħʦôģ
ѵм˼Ǹ˵Ĺ᣿
һ֪жྪţڰħʦܵõƺֻҪһƾܻɽӣǺͨ죬мҲ޷ϳĻǸΣˣ
𾪻šһʲôδ壬ǶΣ
͸Ĥŵ˶졣
ʦкθ߼ǧѩ߹ȥƮƮϵЦиɻƺѾӸղŵлָ˹
δĿǰΨһȷǺڰħʦɵģ˻Ѿˡ
ǧѩ̾ϢǺãöȸ½ſĽǭҲˣǲ鲻ΪĽݼҵ˿ɵô
û˵ڳ˼
һֱǧɴɴȴǹǸҿܺλ˽֡
ǧسۣû뵽վ
ȻǾͿѵʱ˵
ɴɴһ׳ӵҵʱԣͻȻиȰӰڳֱӿһ˵һһʽΪŹ֣ӽСӦŮӣұ˾ֱܣǧȻҾˡ
˵ͺµظӦþɱǵˣǴ󵨡
׷ʣ֪˳ʲôģ
ɴɴãȻҡͷ֪ʱƲС
ֶˣյؽ򴽰꣬ʦ¸Σ
Ħָ⣬Įڰħʦܼ֪ǵĻʱʼʱʼֻҪԲмйˡ
˵ţĿӹˣ˾ϡ
˾ЦºͣʦƲⲻ޵ϾǸ˱鲼½мһ˭ܲ
ۣⷬһɿֻš
˭˭м䣿
ǽǴӵܣӦòᱻɣ
ੲݣȴѰ񲻵κ֤ݡ
ֺͷֳһ飬Ծ޹
û泹ףϢû°
ǧ䳯ǧԿ˼ۣһ˲üһͫҲŽһ¡



287 Ϊʸ֮


һֱǧߵĴҾȻڣǱǧǲȥˣʲôɸ˵ܣ
ǧԽ棬ԺһȻ뷨
ǧƳͷɲǾͺĿײһ˾һ㶡
ǧŲҵؽĿջأǹһĨĪЦ⡣
ǧüͻȻֿһ۵ϵʬ壬Щʬҽ˿˱ֶĸڣʿˮֳĽǭʬ˼ۡ
ͫһ뵽ʲôһ˶Ľǭ׷ϵǿͬ˸Ķ֣˵˻мŮӵĻǾֻǡ
ŵӣ۽ǵ⻹ǧһ
ǧۣܸо
ǧ⣬˵ҴˣɴֺĽǭ޽ҴǸܵġ
ǧҪ˵ʲô˫͸ż
˵ҼãĽǭн֮жԹǧԴǼңִ׵ļӸУߣĽǭףĽףĽսʤѵ𣿡
ǧĻûͷ̾ͽеǲ
ѽһĽƾʲôսʤףһй
˵ǧڰħʦˣ
ǧ⣬ãĺ𣿡ʼûڵī裬ȳ
ôһǧⱾܵһƹˤЦǧ¶͸һ֣˵һ޶ͻȻ֮ѻϵħ𣿲ŸովѾܴǻѧʸ񣬾Դϴܳ˱ƵĽǭ
Ϊʲô̾ͷܿγһߵԨС
ô˵ĺ֣ǧôͻȻ;˻ϵħڸսӱ
Ǽ˺ڰħʦᣬȻϲͻȻţ
һ˲ǧΪʸ֮ġ
죬ãôãǧѩۣһҲ֪Ǽ⻹⡣
ǧί㣬ֻʵʵ˵ѣǧӶ޳л˸ˣǶ𣿡
ǧѩ֪ǰӣ䶯
ȴģѾ϶ǧй
ǿǧ⣬ƺ١
ǧվһ࣬Цݵ⣬佫Ȼǧɣ㻹ץ



288 ʵ۵Ļ

˿ǧ⣬ֿ˿׵ˣһʱ侹òˣʦ㿴⡭
ָһâû֤֮ǰͱ¶ۡ
һŭˣ˶˼ŭҲ֪ǵΪӣΪǧ˱һʶȤ
ǧֱһʡ
ǰīзâЦ⽥û֤֮ǰǧСͱ˵ЩΣĻˡ
ǧɫɷףкۼǶڰ˵һҵǧڰħʦ֤ݡ
һ䣬ȹܻ
һߣоͰ˲٣īͷ¹Ц⣬ǧ˶ôˣôͲͣ
Ϲģ
ǧ˿վԭأ͸˫ȫ̹Ȼ޾ɫûҲû֤ݣֻܶƤӣҲŲ¡
īЦãǻʵ۲̫༱
ν۵׵âȥǧʱƿһġ
ɤģ̌һ˲ײУ˫ڣһĨ⻪ǳǳһ˰ĵĳŵ
ǧ򴽣侹ȫˬʦɹ
δ˵غӡ
īۣȻ֮¾֮УЩ־סǧ󣬽Ҳġ
صǧʧЦӵ£ôקˣǹӷ
㲻ӷ˵īЦȥһۡ
ǧ΢΢һ٣š
ǷǣѲ鵽һ֪ʵۡ
ȥʱͷǧվڻʵԣ˫һһϵҲ֪˵ЩʲôŲʵ۲һĿ䵽ǧʱԵüΪӡ
ǧָһ˫Ҫǧ⴩͸
ǧⲻŲң˵š
ʵüͷٿƽ˼ͱ䣬ʦ˵ʬ帽ܵ˺ڰħʦϢ
γǧ⿴ȥڵĮһƱҲһϢˣûʲôʵʵ֤ݡ
ǧⱾܵһ£ȴΪлʵ۳Ҳˡ
ʵ̫ѨͻȻǧоκˣǧ˵Ľǭйڣ
ǧ䣬һ廪Ҳ㲻ùڰɣֻǵʱԴʤĽǭҼ䣬˵ʤҲǹڵĻ޻˵



289 㱻

ʵ۱һ£ɡ
ǧֱӣ޾⡣
ʵ۴пһӣǧ㱾Ǻ޶ķϲΪͻȻѻϵħţڰħʦܽ˵ʸ졭
ǧ£ڻŮ𣿡
ʵ۰ŴĴָϵָ¶кö㲻ĴţҲЩеϾĽܴףʵ̫˼ˡ
ǧۣʶǧ⣬˼ûС
ʵ۽еָڰħʦ᲻ܸʣҲʵܴ׵ȷпܡ
ǧüʵ־䶼ڻ
£ǧĵʦǰͻȻڣǧĽ̵ǷʽģڽίĸػҪһٻûʲôս׷ϵȻǿԵġ
û뵽λΪǧ˵ʵ㶡
ԲǧɴɴͻȻվһɤӵҲ͵Ϯ׷ɱҪǧҿ϶ˣԲûзı¡
ʵۿٿǸ챻ŪͿˣҲ˵ǧ޹ģ
ǧҧҧ⼫Ϊ£ǧʲôأЩΪϴɿʲô¶ó
졣īۣȵã㾹һҲ֣
ǧŵõһȴǲŮҲֻ˵Լ뷨ĹڰᣬŮֻܴס
㡭īҧݺݵһۡ
ʵ̫ѨԸƣˣǾȱˣ黹δŪ֮ǰǧͱˣ˻
ǧüǱˣ
ٳҲ١ʵٿǧ飿
ǧ˫ҡҡͷŮûκ顣
΢ڹеָս˼֡
һַǷ޳Χԣȴճɱſ˻δץֵĻ̡̻
ǧһǧңͱԺﲻ̤һΡ
һϣ̾СѾͷôֻⰵɱ֮±޹أת۵ϣǵù
ǧĵؿ˿ǣмҲ˳۵ĽãȻҲǹ
Ҳԡòϣ̬ˣЩøʡ͵ơ



290 ߽ˮϵħˮ

ħ޾ˣʵҪΣһֱɣ
ǧֹͣǵĶȻ˲뷨ôᣬ˵κī趼ڵ飬ҲԸÿÿҹ˵ľꡣ
ʵлɵĶ󡣡
ǧգգ۾й⻪Ŀǰһ
ɫμ»£ΧӰӳڵ棬涣ʱһСӰڳأڷϿٱٶȼ졣
ӰǴƸڳġ
ǧѶ׺õ㣬ۿӰڳ¶һĨȻЦݣ׷˹ȥ
£࣬˱ߵӰڵ֡
Ӱٶȼ죬ǧҪپͱƴȫҲЩˣæͳռ侮ˮ˼ڣ׷١
˰죬ǵӰȫûͣ˼ǧ֣Ӱȥķȸɭ֡
ȸɭľïܣһõ˽ص㣬ǧԿ϶ǵӰҪȥĶǺڰĸ߲Ա߲ܿԱӣǴ½Ǽõġ
ǧȫȥ˿ҵ
ܿӰתˣ۾һУҲȥʱ򡭡һ͸ĹⲨֱֱС
ⲨϢǧδ
˼󣬾ʶԾˣʹȫڸΪξԭ̤
֣СԱͻȻִһϣˮģɾôһϣܽ档
ǧɴĵһƬȻ
û´ĻӦˮϵ߽ħˮΡ
ʩˮƳһηУˮεĽṹʩߵĵȼܸߣڰ˽ϡ
˵Ǳˣ
ǧſˮһϵħܿᡣ
סͽˮճˮ
ৡһ£ڵϸߣһ߽ˮξȫϨˡ
ģǧ䣬ûգ
֦ͷһź£ߵӵϥأ᳤ǸǧС㵹񣬾ǵ˵Һˮνסˡ
ߣȷǸˣ·һ¾ܿ͸е
ȻȻûϵ᳤һˡ
˵ڼ䣬ǵӰҲڴ֦ͷ
ӽĿͶȥ¹ҫĨӰӳС
ƽǡң



291 һ

ͻȻڣ᳤²ΪҪýѾߣɲʲô֣
Ӳ͵ɤгƣ˵Ǹ֣СѾߣҲȡúܶ಻Ϣε޳Χԣǰɱ˲ſβҲֻ鵽ͷϣʱץסֻһ˶Ҳûκʧ
ӻȻ򣬡᳤Ӣ
һ٣󾹷Цȸ½ſЩģȻֱӻɵλǧСϡ
ⲻͦã᳤ýȻѾҲһˡĮ
ૣǿ鶯Сˡ
룬᳤ֵĿǰѾȷǧѩѪѪˣǲӦýŪ
Ӱڰ֣һĨĹ֣һϹԲ̶ŪѪѪҪãҲΡ
һ㶣ȸ½ķ˵ǧѩ̫ˣʶϹԲ̡
ֻðһƭˣȴƭңѪѪֻҪһѪϹԲǧѩǡ
ǾβʵѡġӺȻ
ӷ䣬ŭ˪Ҳ֪ξƭ˵ģǧѩֻһնѪѪš
δ˹ȻĻء̾Ϣ
ЦĻΣ˵׻ǸصĲзϡ
䶯ǣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ӳҿ˼ۣͻȻȻȥ͵·ҪʲôԻ㡣
ҵһʧããҹɫС
һ뿪ʵ᳤ˮеǧСδã
˰ɣڿصӷɲۣܳºȥʱʣµֻб䡣
һӣˮξɢ
ֻáৡһǧǰˮξΪˮֱС
ǧǰı仯ûӦ
ôˣڰͷͷķ֣ˣ
ǧվԭغһû̧뿪һŶ˶ȥɭֵĸ
ǵǸ˾ߵģҲ֪ܲ
ɭӳǧе̸ڵĲ
֮ϲûκˣΧһжԵüΪףɭ֡



292 ĵ

ǧ΢ԭش˻̧뿪
СصǧңǧǽԼҵԺԺһƬĽϣɲǣӰҡҷ
ǧÿ£ٵ˱ˮʣˮر
ղǧһȻôǿˮγ֣ˡظһԶװ
뵽ղŵˮΣǧ˫ڰħʦȻԻֻĸűܸϴһҿ϶Ƹλ⡣
ħ޾˿гΣҪΣ
ǧŴɵҹɫᶨƵ˵ţΪԼϴɡ
գ˶ȥѧԺΨǧڼң
ǧȻԵãƷŲˮͻȻһӰӹǧæ豭£΢
˵㱻½ˣֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬰档
ǧˣе࣬ﵼʦôˣһΪһӶСľݵġ
ѵõû˾һҳΪ㣬˵˵ô£ʲôͬڰṴ᣿
ǧḧŲ豭ɫȻЩ˵Ĳ²⣬ûʲôʵ֤ݡ
üͷ뵽ԼǰһƬʢŭ˵˵ǸʲôЩڼŹϲˡ
ǧ²豭޳Χзһظ
ʯأ԰θߣΪžѻϵħ㣿
ǧ¶Ρ
üؿ˫ϵħʦȫ¶ûаڰϢЩڼʵ˵ӵܶǴ𣿡
û뵽ǧЩ㶡
ҧгݣԹ˵ǻʵҲۻ軨ҵҲͰˣˣ
ﵼʦȱ𼤶ǧοûκ֤ݣʦͰ˻ӵҲڳ£Źþˮʯˡ
ԣԺһЩǾͺá
ǧۣ׳ӵﵼʦǰ㾿ʲôҲͺڰħʦйأ
гһĨɬһګګڵЩ£Ҳա
ǧ䶯꣬ƬҲֻա
˼ۣǿ˵⼸ҲҵЩڰħʦ˽ƻʲô¶ɵó



293 ǧҺ

ǧǿЦ֪һעģЩҶܸˣʦ᲻üį
ڰ֣˵˵Сľﻹ˼̳ƣį
ǧЦ
ִһŷ뿪
˰ǧ׼ȥƸһ̽
·鷿ʱǧʶͣ½Ų
ʱ鷿Ӧǧٷ磬һŮдУӦ
ǧ䵽һԣ׼ǽš
ͷ˺޲ү˵ǸǧĹڰħʦɣ
ǧٷĬֱӽ豭ڵϡ
顱豭ӦأǧٷŴŮǸǻССҲͰˣھȻͺڰħʦᳶϹϵǾǧһ𣿡
˵үӿɲá
ǧٷٴοڣг˽ͨڰħʦɲСҲ֪᲻ǧң
үʥǧɵģҲֻͷһˣ۵ǧҵġᣬͻȻһתңǧǧˣֻҪ˵»ġ
ǽǵǧȻɴ۾ɫŹ֡
ǧˣʲô˼
δϸ룬ǧٷŴûײǧҵĺӣ˽ͨ˺ڰᣬʱѰɽͳȥǴ֮١
үӢЦ
ǧٷͬħһ㣬ϲǧϡ
ͻȻ䣬Ҳ΢΢ɴԭĲ֣ﾹһ޶˵ıˣֵϢ
ǧеıѹ£һ뵽ղŵ̸Щ𾪵Сָͷ
û뵽ԭǧҵĺӡ
±ҿԺ˸ղŵı˺ڵ⣬Ҳûıˡ
ǧһѹ£ܿͺԭ
ȻǧҵĶŮ˭Ϊǧҳ
ģ̌뿪ȴﻹ߶߶ģүǸҵѾҲ֪ӺδǧģʱӦò飬ֲԾ͸罫ɱС
Ҳûôࡣǧٷ̾ϢѾ˸ŮûñزۣʹһֱýǧתҵʱҲ࣬ͽǺȴû뵽ǻˡ



294 ־ϵĺɫ

ʵڲУͽ´þͳɡ
Σǧٷ綼ûڡ
ͷǧĥ˵ĶԻԭԭǱѾ׸ģΣһˡ
Ҳ޹أһ˼ܲὫӤͷܹǲɣȻû̽Ѱĵ
ǧգ㽫Ŀڽյ鷿ϣ̫뽫鷿Ŵ̴ŽĿջأȥ
뽫͵ʵǰƾãûţ
뿪鷿ƸǧǱ뵽棬ȴƸڲûѾ֣߰žһ
£ǧѾȥ˺ѧԺѧϰɴҵǲӰѲֳȥˣ
ǧ۾һУһԵѾ߷Ŷ룬ֻ߻谵򵥣ֻһľһľʵױ̨
Ǵҵסû뵽ġ򵥡
ǧҪһЩͻȻĿסʲôܡ
ֻǽǴһųŵ־־һɫĺۼע⣬ҲһζƮɢ
ǵʲô
ǧǰϵ־չʱ־һźɫʣ漴һɶζǸʬĳζ˽ѣ
óһٽ־漴ɢһЩ
ʲôôô
ǧʵܲˣֱӽ־ռ䡣
ڴҷ˻ȴҲʲôˡ
صԺʱǧ˼Ҳ

ýģôѾӦ޷赲õĹɣղЩɫʣǴϵĳЩλ
ɾĲλǧҲ˵һȻֵÿ϶Ǹղҵ϶Ҫȥҷһ¡
ǧָ⣬ͻȻԼ뷨һôԽԽˣ
Ӧòһɣ
ǧ۾һУתڡ
ĵһ£ȴҲҵЩռһ
Ѿ˷ΣڱĴѾرգֻռ΢ʵϡһʱ
øצӣ΢ʵ㽫廹˹ʦں˰ɣٶҲˡ
ǧΪȻǷεѪ壬ÿһζвǲٽˡ
ñ죬һû뵽㻹ͦģ



295 ˴

ǧ򴽣׺⣬ҲһˣֻǶ
ʲôգգ۾û塣
ģ̌Ѹҡҡͷûʲô
ñ죬Ҳ˵ˡ
ذһֱڿħ޾ˣĿȴǿ
ǿǴӴȡģǧ֪ЩʲôæʣСһֱǷʲôˡ
մȾԹԿڣʹϵϢһֻڵӿҪˡ
ǧǹ𣬼֣Ǿ֮ǰһֱҳڰ֤ݡ
۾˵
ѧԺ
ǧѩҪ¥ѵȴӭǧסˡ
½ŲЦ絭Щýסν£
ǧϱһСͷһЩߣгųĵҩ㣬˵¥֣ⲻŸЩöԷһ
ǧѩԿһۣջĿƷˣǰʥŮѧԺʱõЩЩǶԼŰɡ
ǧܾԼᣬɫ˼֣㣬صģ㲻᲻Ӱɣ
ǧѩ˷ʱ䣬ʹӰ˼
ǧЦտ㣬¥дã
ǰ¥䣬ޱȵɸǧѩ֪λѵãգԼʮɡ
ʮ죿ǧü˷ܵЩ졣
ǧѩԾЩʲô
ǧæͷûʲôûʲô㣬Ǹǧˣ˵᲻ͺڰйأ
ղһҧͺڰйأңǺ⣿ǧѩһâ
ǧסŵýڽڰˣҡ
ǧѩšü֪شһ˵ǧô죿
ģʥǧ̿ˮСڵ󣬾ǧĹ˺ڰᣬҲֵǧͷϵġ
ǧѩ룬еŭҲɢЩ
㣬ǧ᲻Ĺˡǧգգ۾Ĺ
ǧѩûǷͻȻѻϵħʵڹ죬ϴҺ򶷵ʱҲŹ֣Ҳ˵
˵׾͸ŹŹ֡ǧָ⣬㣬˵ڰɱſΪΣѲҴӶȡϹԲ̣



296 

ǧѩ毺õͻ䣬ǣڰһֱ˭֪ǵҰģѪѪǱȻþһа취õ
ǿǺãǧɫɷס
ǧѩ룬㿪ڵҲڵʱ䣬ðҺϹԲˡ
ǧЦЩ죬Ȼúñܵġ
ǧѩת¥
ǧվԭأ۾˸ŶĹâ
ǧұԺ
ǧһӿռгԺе滨Ѿʼ㣬һأ׻ĵһɫ̺ӡ
ڻֻýŵġ
ۿҲ쵽ѧԺѧʱǧȻ½ŲһֱƸķ
ûзְ㶯
ļ죬ƸǱԾûж
ǧʯ۾΢УôͻȻͣˣѲɺڰ˼úܱܷܽͷ
ĻͲðˡ
ǧ֮ʱ⾹Ѿǵ˵
˵ݱȽУǧһȻŴ򿪡
˵Ѿ߼ǧæ죬ֹǧСǧţү˵ڷͷûܿǰ㻹ܳȥ
ǧüƽҲȥҸո˵˼ſ𣿡
Ѿ˰βŵˣֵĻ̵̻ġ
ǧüһĨЦҹȻжˣһüΪΣϢĸûƼ
ʲôʱ˵ģǧȥѯʡ
Ѿ֧֧ᣬ˺ð˵ģ¾ʹˡ
ģ
ǧ˼Ƭ̣Żӻֵ֪ˣȥɡ
Ѿظһ̾ˡ
һߣǧѸٽŹϡ
Ȼˣ˵νĺڰħʦᵽʲôôӿռʡ
ǧҡҡͷҲŸսӴᣬѲ뽫ſɱ⣬ͳ½
õ˵צӣã⵹һܺĽͣҲǹҰġ
뿪ϣȻЩûʲôȤ
ǧŲ豭ϴηҲ˵ˣǹħ޾ΪѪѪõ˻ܵõ£ҰĲ
ҹǧڴϣ֪Ҳ˯˹ȥ
ա
ǧЩϴϺѾ쵽ˡ



297 ̽

ǧȹ߳ӣȴһصĻѾȫήˣЩ⡣
˼ۣȥóԵģȻǱˣÿǲٵģѾÿնὫʳз⣬һžõ
ʳд򿪣һЩˮһСƹϺһ̶⡣
ǧ֣ҪȴͷִĶǸʲô͵ˡ
ʳиǹŶһȥͼѾÿѾС˶ѼۣӦǶʲôصĶ
ǧº棬ץѾʵ⸮ﶪ˺
СѾ߼͵ܳҲûܣ¾ͿڵС㣬Ǳ´͵ϹԲ̶ˣ´СֲڸУǺã
ǧԣ²һɣϹԲ̾Ȼˣ
Ѿ౻ץ۵ҲҶȹСȥѰϹԲˡ
ǧæµӰüͷ𼸷֣ſɱϹԲ̱͵ڰħʦҰȻҡ
Ƹķȥ˫ܿ͸һС
ǴģϹԲ̾ͲУǧ̽һƸ
ǧѰϹԲʱƸͷûаѾߣüᳵ·ҷС
Ǽ߻谵ӣǧĴ̽ϸ̽һûϹԲ̵ټѲɣѽϹԲ̲ص𴦣ת˺ڰˣ
ۣϸϸϵĸֶϣѰҵʲôء
ʱ򡭡
һƷǧֱӽȼĶذװγԵֵ
ƷͼذײʱɢһĵֵһԵĴ֨죬·һͻȫѡ
ǧһ㣬һԵĹӡ
ſϮ˵ӣǴңղеԣýŵɢĹŹζһ֮֡
ǧۣ°Ȼ̧ߣңղʵг
һ͵ƺ˵ʲôСΪҪǱ뵽ҷ
ǧֻЦ
һеһеӳһĨɱ֮⣬趯񽣷ԭػ˸ȦɲǱֱֱǧϮȥ
ǧöذ׵ֵ
ֻáһʱէֳһɫ⡣
̼䣬ӿڵĴñ



298 ذ׶

¡һ죬ǵͷƵƵפ㡣
С㣬ƸкжǽȥѾߵ͸ƸŴʡ
ǧ˵ãȥ
ǧͫһĽвãæذ׳ߣһŽе߷ɣܵشĵص˼
ǧϲһ
Ҿɱ˻ٴγ׼Ϯ
ƷӿǧֱӽеĶذͶ
ֻգ֮ʣذ׶ֱֱҵƴ̴һ˲ɫʴõĳζС
ǧסӣȴ쳣Ȼڸˡ
ǧǿҪǧһ㣬˳Ÿߴķȥһ¾ûӰӡ
һߣҵؽϵĶذװγڵϡ
ʱ򡭡ϵ˿ھ漣ˣɿɢĸζǳٳٲɢ
ǧ˽ʱ򣬲㱻ֳζѬңڷʲôΪޱȣ˵ζ
С㣬ūûʲôҵڣһ˫ûа˫ֱֱǧ⡣
ǧⱻͷƤ飬ŵķ䣬ղţ˴Ƹǲʲô˴ˣ
ֻ̱ǽһСѣū澴ˡ
ǧͲסģתͷƴҿ˼ۣܾԴջԱ˺ö࣬ںһ˵ʵڶ񺮡
СʲôСǧʶһһģиʲô
ǧϵĶǶĴ˲˼һס
һذף
ǧ⽫ذ׷תһĨϤ˲ӿͷⶫǧ
ǷƸʲôѲʲôıƣ
ǧ⽫ذУĹ˸ȻţذҾˡ
ǧŹһЦѸٽذ׶ռָ
صԺû˸ǧ˿
޹۷㱻ǧǷ֣ܵÿ죬Ȼֵ鷳ˡ
ǧ̾˿һйһ¾̱滨ϣɿţһӾ;ˬѣȴɻء
ʧϹԲ̵ȥ
Ҳ֪κīǲЩʲôúڰɵȥֻȸ½ҪĻɢˣԾ˻ɵĶ



299 㾹˽ͨڰ

ǧƬ̣Ϳ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãһĺϮǧȻ۾ϵĿ֦߿Ͷȥ
ֻáһĺ˲ɢһɵͲ˲ӳǧС
ͲǺ
ǧͲ𣬷һ
˭
ǧɻȡչ
ϸϸһۣüͷͻȻ
īдּϵõȷīһģһϵȴЩ˷ˡ
պʱҪ档
ǧųţС
ʱ⣬ϾԶԻһЩȸɭָīҪ̸Խȥҩ䱦󣬺αȥôԶĵط
ѵ䱦˵ĶĿ
ȴ䱦йɱʲôϰȫˣǣīһ򲻰ƣζĵɡ
ǧ뽫ֽյȴ֪ΪξֽŶ˿ռС
һ֮־յĵ
ڶպʱ
ؼ䱻һźĻ֣ǳ»£ԼɼĹֹУǧ뿪Ժ䣬ƺϵķȥ
࣬£ԶԶȥŵмƯǧ½Ų¿˼ۣȴûзīӰ
ԼԼȴٵҲ֪ôġ
ǧ߽һ紵ɲһĨ⸡ַ֣˷ͻȻǰиԲεĶ
ۣԼǶЩ죬ȹ߽ܿͿȻǡϹԲ̡
ǧͣĵһȻ
ϹԲ̲ǰЩӱôǡɳֵط
ǧۣͻȻʶԾתͷ뿪
ʱ򡭡
ԶĽŲ𣬴ǧһͬʱʿ֣ȫγָĲ䡣
ڲĽ͸һɱ֮⣬ǧȻ½Ų
ǧС㣬û뵽㡭ʿǵĴӵ¶֮ĳ˻ʵۣΣǧҵá
ģ̌°ֱͣ˫佫ʲô˼ʲôң
ϹԲ𣬵ϹԲǰЩӶģǧҺͻʼһ˺þöûҵϹԲͻȻ֣ͬһֵġ
ǧվڽ֮䣬һ򶨣˵ʱϹԲ̾ˣ佫ţ



300 ذ׿

򴽲Բŵġ
ôɵ飿ʵۣͻȻЦ޽㣬ͻȻϣǡõϹԲҲһ֣ͬΪɵӻȫɺϵۣ
ǧ䶯ǣо֮ͱһıУǴϹԲ̶ʧʼģٵ
ȷīıʼẦԼڳֵɺôأ
ǧ򴽣ܾǵ
ʵۣɤ͸һǧǲǴͺڰ˻ϣ̶ϹԲ̽
ǧֱվ̹ûС
ǵĳ־Բɺϣ˭ݺ
ǧüɫΧ˿ȥͼЩʿһӵĿ⿴ԼѾ͸˺ڰᡣ
ܿʵеɫǧɢֻҧʱͺͷεĿײһ
ǳ»£εɢ⣬ԶԶȥһƺ̶кһİˣǱ΢ϡ
ǧһʶġ
Լ
ǧĪҪƱ硣ʵһȻɱ⣬ҶѾ鶼ˣ˵⼸ж죬ͼǱƸɱ
ڰħʦ˾Բ
ǧȻǧ⣬ͼӻͳһѶذףȻ£ذǧȼһѣⶫŮƸҳҲд򶷹ĺۼ˵ǧҪɱŮŮĴһ飬ȻŮɾˡ
ʵһѽذ׶ǧǰšüǧѶذ׿ģ
ǧͫһϵĶذ׵ȷġ
ΪƷҾͽذͶȴû뵽ǧ⺦ԼĹߡ
ǧҧɫ£ذ׵ȷŮģɵʱŮֻ׷֣ȥɱ˭
ʵһ㶣֣Ƹ󣿡
ǵı¡ǧߵĴǽղŻģһŮͷִҺһˣŮͻܺͺڰйء
ңʵü
ǧ˵ǧȵ޷ǾʺͷϿۣڸ֤ڣ޴ӵ
ǧ˿ݺ˽ǰīô£



301 

ǧ⼤д˼ֺ˶⣬£Ҳۿ˰ɣǧǺڰˣȻôɺϵ飬ץ
£ߵĴ⡭ǧȴʵϡ
ޱ졣ʵۿϹԲ̣ɺɱ佫ǧ˽ͨڰᣬץΣ
һѽǧ¡
վİʼ޶ԡ
ǧսָ⣬ͻȻһĺ£ûйڰᡭ
ʵһƣ̫Ѩ죬ȥ
Ǹס֡һīѯ뽫ȥʲô
ʵ۲ףкǧڰħʦ֤ȷ䣬ֹεȴ䡣
īӵԲģܹڰᡣ
ʵָŵϵĶ֤ȷ䣬ݲ
ī费ͷһϹԲ̺һذף䶯ǣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ʵۼ˵һʲôѺȥ
뿪ǽǧѺߡ
ǧ˫ֱӿţʹһ
īȻǲͺڰṴᣬʶǲţһݺأ
ʵ򴽲϶ǧˡ
īһ̳ǧķȥǧˣԲṴڰᡣ
Ӳӵ£Ϊ
īңѧ̬һɶھͷˣ
ʵ۴ȣ׺ŭ㶼ˣ
īüͷ壬ҡ
ǧī裬ȴĿһֱǧϣҧгݣǧĿ£û뵽ӾάǧѲǱƻˣ
ʵŭȥȥ
īݺݳǧһۣгŷŭһתͷֶǧϸģһỹһġ
ǧĽһݵУСӵ£ĽԼ𣿡
һ仰꣬ͱȥˡ
ī迴ıӰüͷ
ϣԼҩ䱦󣬿ҵȴȲΨһıץϢɰˡ
϶Ǳݺˡ



302 

ī費ɫֳǧ˼ۣȻжϡ
̫ǧ̿ˮʶҪܿĿ⣬ȻĿһֱӰΣɰŻˡ
ʵ۳ͻȻڵع
һϯ˺ƺƵȥ
ޱߵĺڰУһ˫۾ȴİ޲˿˿Щʲô
ΣҲΪģīʡ
򴽲һĪ⡣
īһ
ա
֮һޱߵУʵ̸ۺڰʱɱ
Ȼץ˹ڰ֣˱ǧС㣬ǧʵ۽Σ˯һĻδڰøδôŮ
Ա˵ֺڰˣҪգԶǻڵתֻء
ʵߣź룬ȷĹرˣɴŮоʵڶ񶾣ɱ˺Щſ͵ϹԲ̣޾ӦýԲ̨ʩ׷
һԱɫ˱䡣
׷Ͽ̷ͷ׶Ե쳣Ϊȫٱɷˣһɽ̿׹ޱߵֻء
׷Ȼ̻Ҫʹһǧһ򱶣
ʥԱ
ʵߣź룬һϲɫ
īͻȻУڵϵʣ»ƶɵ㣬̸ǲΪʱ磿
ʵ۳ŭٴ¶ϲĶӣȴ㾹ŮԻŮǲġ
īͷһʣвɱ޹
졣ʵý·ڵϣԱŵɪɪʵŤͷοȥϸʣʦ¸ô
ǰ˸˵úܶԣµȷںܶɵ㣬ʱ䣬պ󻹲鲻ǧƾ´á
ʵû뵽λὫϣƬ̲ŵȻʦҪ飬޾͸ʱ䣬ǲ鲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ٴθл¡
䣬һ߳ãҷصĺȻĻȣϵı漴ɢ
īˣҲЦʾȻˣöȥʦһͬ¡
ʵ̫Ѩٶ˵ʲôˣȥȥɡ
ī˵һߣ΢΢š
γʪ谵ʱʱһܹ
ǧ׿ռ䣬ͷ˯ͽռһҹ



303 ʱΪ

ϣŴӿռ˳ϴ˸裬㡣
׿ռ֣ȻֳʵЩܲˡ
ʱͷҲһʳйԷˣԷˡ
ǧʳд򿪣һȵС࣬ǽؤˣ
üͷؽȵС൹ڵϡ
˦ʳмȴ˽һʱͻȻһηűڶ쳹
ǧֹͣת׿ηſڡ
ǧ⡣
ɴùһϯɫɴȹӯһյС˳Цһһǧ߽
ǧĿϣЦЦ
ηôһζǧӣЦһηйÿɻã
ǧüηסЩʱգ֪ͷòˡ
ס⣿ǧ˺ЦЦûйڰᣬôܻסηУҪһˡԣͻᱻԼ̣÷
ģ̧̌Ƥӣⶼݶ͡
ǧƯطΣҶ֪˵ʲô
ǧʼ磬ЦһЩ˵ʲôʵˣ𣿡
˵ʲô֪ǧҧͻȻһĨ⡣
ǧۣЦøĪ⡣
ǧȻӻͳһСС͸״ͷɫ⸡žƯǳۣСǧͷһͻȻ
Сӳһɫ⡣
ǧͷؿڣͻȻڵţգ֮ɢԵڵһˡ
ȿȡǧȼɫҰֽʲô
ǧ⸩ӣһѽ°ͿסЩñΣղŵСҴӺרŶԸõġ

ĪǸ˻Ϊ˵
˵ҪҲܹû뵽ǧΪרŶԸԼࡣ
뵽˴ǧۣЦ
žһǧһ˦ϣ˲ϳһӡ
ǧ⽫ԴǽϣݺݵղЦʲôǲڷңڳЦңƾʲôң뽫۾ڳߡ
۵ǽڹεۣǧסʹϵݣҾڷ㣬˼ļǿһʲôûԹˣʵڿɱ



304 㲻ǸҰ

ǧһקסͷҲֻܳϹ򣬽Ҫġ
ͷƤϵͷ۲ϴ̼ǧۣüͷûһ¡
ǧȤˣɿһѽǽϡ
ˣͷײǽʱҵ죬ǧԴһ£ӦʱЩȵģӦñײѪˡ
ͦۡ
ǧ⿴ϵѪ޵ģǵ˷ܣҲѪˣһҪࡣ
ãĺ𣿡ǧڵͻȻһʯͷʯͷУ
ãǧӽָռȡһѹ䵶ȥãﶼ˵ˣǴͷĺӣڵǧŮ¼Ҳ𣿡
ǧѪĨЦԭ㶼֪˰
ô֪ˣͷǧ䵶һһٵ䵶⣬һУѪⶼᱻ㲻ú£һ΢ġ
ǧ䵶üͷһ
䵶ҲˣҲҪʮңá
ǧ䵶ֿ¡
ǧۼֿ죬͵СʯԴ
ۡǧûзֱӱţе䵶Ҳһա
ǧشӵվȻԾһֻƴԱ
ˣ㾹ңǧⷢԼѪˣ˫࣬ľϵħ
ɲǣһ̾ͽǧǽϣͬһֻ׸Сã
ǧ䵶Ц㻹š
ǧ˶Ѳ
ǧôҲѲϵЦ⣬ˣھǸûõķܴҵѣ
ǧĲˣƺҪ
ǧֳ䵶һ߽ĵڻ谵ηɢ⣬˷ɱ̲סһӡ
˵²δּκ˽̡ǧ׺Ȼ䣬˽ԶҶ̣Ͳ±¹
ǧ޿֣ʱҸιһѪ˿ڱָܻˣ˵˭ң
ǧۣѹͣ㵹Ǻơ



305 

ȻҪһ翴㲻˳ˡǧ⽫䵶ϸ۵ϣһ·¡
ǧֻñ̹ǣκֽűסá
ǧ⹴дһĲѪ㹴ӵ£Ҿ㸶ۣԺ󻹸Ҳҡ
þҪϣ㻹ɱǧü˫䡣
ǧܲô࣬Ӳ䵶̽ؿڣ̽ȥ㣬ץŵתһ
䵶ĵ潫ͷѪʳʹȴ·ܽ˵궼˺
ۡ
ǧ۵亹ֱȴûнг
УȻ̫𣿡ǧؽ䵶γɲǣһѪڵϣʱʱѪ䣬
ǧһѽѪ˦̵öģŪһƻ᲻һЩ
ѪڵϹһȦմȾҳ
ǧŴ꣬˾һűֽţֻҪһҪˡ
ǧٴξѪ䵶׼롣
ǧ۵ԴЩѣû뵽һɱع䵽˵أֱ׸ζ治ܣԺܴطȥһĲǧ⣡
㣬ˣǧһƫִķ
ۿ䵶Ҫ£ǧüͷһ뵽ʲôһᳶһĻ𽻸ҡ
ֻ˲䣬һȻ߸ߴͬһĻХգ֮ʾͽǧϵ˸ɾ
һܣηоۼ
ǧȫû׷ʲôһϮֱֱ˳ȥ
顱һײηǽϣһײ۵ѳݣ˹ȥ
ǧ׺˻棬ͬԡôɳȥĸоܺðɣ
ⲻܣģ̌ǱʧѾʱ˷ȥҪһʱ㲻ôͻָġ
ǧѪؿڣм㱻ƭءǽɫֻ׸Сˡ
ǧͣ뵽ǰЩǧĺŵɪɪǧȰҿǧҶС㣬Ҳ¶ˡġ
ǧϵ䵶һƽûµģҸһѪ¾Ʋʲôˡ
ӳ˫ϣĻȥұ쳣



306 

ǧſˮ˿һƳԼղŸҪ˵ЩǧѧԸԼ
ǧҿҶ㣬ңǶԶĲǧǲġǧش󺰴У뻹ȴ𿾵øʹκ
㣿ǧӣ䵶ؿڣұͲǧҺӣûκѪԵϵǧҲݲң˵һЩ
ǧ⵹һǽ棬·ӡ
ǧۣؽ䵶ؿڡ
̣ɱһĲҽ
ۣǧˣˡ
˿֣ôңһǧҴš
ȥɣ»׷ͷ㣬׹ó
ǧ÷һϣһǻģûҲ㡣
ǻۣǧգգ۾ֱӱˡ
ǧЦٽؿڵ䵶
͡һѪǧҧҧ̧ˡ
ǧдѪ䵶ЦһҲǻģҲûнѪ˵ҪҪٸһ
ηѪζŨأǧѪζ£ҰɣҲˡ
㣿ǧһѿס°ͣɫݣղҵʱ򣬿Ҳˣ
ǧ⿴г־塣
ˣħһֲ˵ħ
ŹҰɡǧƿ꣬Щ߰ɷǽɱĻ㶨ٲ֮ء
ǧ̾һҿû˵Ҫɱ㣬ֻٴ̼ʱѪܾ˿ڣʹģǡ
ǧȻ̧ʲô
ҡǧ䵶ЦùңȻɲ۾̵ĳλͲˡ
ǧ⿴ϲߵ䵶ŵôҴ
֪ջᱻη
ƯҪҪ滮һһЩѪɫǧᳶͷҲ
ǧ⵨СֱӾͱˣ𣬱ˡ
ѪҩЧٺã˿ڻǻЩ˰̵ģ˰̣ͻˣ
ΪǧΣŲƵӹڵϣҰɣҲˡ
ڵأһ΢ū
ǧšüһŽߵηſڣ



307 㵱Ҫ

һţǧؿڵط߹ǿҪϵˣ۵ҪҪġ
ؿվջͿǧܵ⣬һ㶣СŶ
ͷһҪǮƣǧС̽Ӻ𣬸ղ˲ٶǲ˵ȥģֻҪһЩ
ǧһѪ˦һӽң˽Ҿ͹
ͷϲؽӹңһŤͷŷǧǱ̽һôͳؤˣ
ǧҧɫһһ׵ģͷֱӴηп񱼶
ߺǧϵĻȫϵҲȫ룬ǱȸղŻҪ֣ھһͨҲ̵ܽ
ǧѵسѪֺһЩˮЩȥԺԺһЩȴޱȣδɢ
ûɢټú壬̥ⷲôܵˣȻлˡͻȻӿռڳצ˵
ǧǽϣ˵Щղôң
ԼϸצӣС첲Сȵģ̫ܡ
ǧһۣûãֻܿԼ
ԼֽƬˡצӴĸ첲ֻҪһͻˣ
ǧĿú˵
õĳ䶯˶ͻȻнŲæ˿ռС
ǧҲ˽Ųȴûֱۣһ󱡺㴫Ǽ䣬ŲŲæ۾
̧ʱһ۾һ˫ޱȵ۾
ǧüǼ˵ʦʲô
θ֣Ӹµؿ㡣
뵽еİ͵ĮǧƳͷû˼֣ңڿɷʦĪҪҳϹϵĻʦһӢɾȫˡ
̬ȵı仯üͷǲã㵱Ҫ˵
ǧɫףЦұʦܲסĻߣҲҹ˺ڰᣬαؼң뿴Ц
ֱӲãҺΪ㹴˺ڰ᣿
ǧûվȴ̬ȣҾúܲˬ
΢㶣ӱˣȴ᣿



308 ˿

ӣε̾һ׵ҲƺЩٸʱ飬ǲܴгԸң
ǧȻ۵˸ǹ⣬ʱ䣿
Ҳ˵ģ
εƽӡ
ǧṴ𣬡Ը㡣
ʶ˿ȴͻȻ˫һݣֽļ򣬡򣿡
ǧһʱûӦ˵ʲôʲô򣿡
ۣһâȴֺܿɢ˭򣿡
ǧ۵Щȴǿ˵ǧ⣬ͿҲ˳ˣóô˻Űһҡ
αһͻȻŵηдѪζŤͷͼؿڵ϶Ѫˣˣ
ü۵ʹĿһֱؿڴ
ǧ˿̵ı飬ȴûɾЩ£޼ңֱ䵶ؿڣָоĻͦۡ
˵ţͲ͸⣬·Ĺǣǧһ㶣ٸĿڵҲûֵʲôôҷʱҲؿڴһʱ¼ˡ
ʱеһЩ
ǧ˷μۣղš
Ϊ
ָ⣬ƺЩȸԾʵǧҲײǹˣԺٲҺˡ
̧лָԭģʲôʧ٣䵶ܽ˵Ѫʳҿ˿ڡ
ǧһֱϣȴһҲûУηصأʦϷ𣿡
ƶֻһ˿ڡδ˿ûƶ죬ӵĮ˼֡
ˣͼɡǧ̱ǽϣһõģЧȫʦԼּɡ
Ȼ֪ѾѪɷεĶᣬŪ
½󳶿󣬷οؿڴиѪѪǰ˺ۻ޷ָۣǰ˿ڡ
ĴϮǧ̲סһӡ
βķӦʵˣ
ǧҡҡͷ̽ʱۣͦѾˣϾѪ
εɸǰ˿ڴ˺ۺֻԺʵˡ
޷ǧһνҼͷӡҲûʵٶһ˺Ҳûʲô



309 ĪҪٺ

˵û˵
ǧԼ½󻹳ţ˫صûгߣü̲ס붺ʦҴˣ˵Ѫα겻αˡ
ָ΢ˣ
ǧգգ۾СèһټһŸǳˣۣۡ
һʱ䲻֪Ρ
ǧǽϣһɫ㱧һ£ҾͲˡ
νڱα֡
ǧףѲɷ汻ƭȥˣ
νͷһ£͸һĨΣĪҪٺ֡
ͷһĨ⴫ģ̧̌ƤӣҲûңͷȫãʦΪΪܲȰɣ
ؿǽϣһֻСá
̾˿ֱӽ뻳С
һ˲ǧϵζӵɵϴıˡһĴʦ
ǧָһ˫ָ֪ôˣˣҲˣʦҷְɡ
ûһ㣬һסĺ󱳡
ǧͻȻһһʱ䲻ʲôʦ
û˵һƲƴĺС
ǧֻһů쳣ȶϴ漴֫ٺк޾ָ⶯˶ܾûˡ
μ˫պ󣬾ѸٽɿˣҸղѾɢˣѾǲǾúࣿ
ǧվϵħеĻŽߣЦлʦ֮һҾͲ׸Сˡ
һδ˵
ǧͷһͻȻԼ½󻹳ţεؿһֽ½á
οһۣʲôҲû˵
ǧ£½ֶӵʦ˷ǰֻΪ̽ӣ
Ƴͷһɫ˵ҿ̿ɣǷʲô֤ݣ
֤ݣǧ뵽ʲôһæӿռȡųŵӣⶫҴӴҷҳģմȾһЩɫʣʦʲô
ӲŸһչиóζ棬üڸΪȻ䣬õʬζڰħʦĽ



310 Ҳ

ǧϴҲòʹ˾Ҳ˵ڰħʦ帴ĽʦҲΪûˡ
˾س¼֣ƺΪɻ䡣
ǧͷԳҲûҶʡ
ȥɫĮ磬ұȥǸңǲЩ˿ܻףڼҪʱ̱ԼĪҪ˳롣
֪ǧڵУ¼ѾѧˣֶζԸңҷİɡ
η䣬Ҳ֪⻹˵ңȥ
ǧͷһȥȥ
˵仰ͷߣȫʻĻᡣ
ǧֱıӰҪܿεӰѾǰʧҧŽĿ˻
ߺûãηִһŲ
ǧʵؿǽϣЦӴӵҲˣ
ī̤ηΪͷԿ࣬û뵽ÿȥ¿Ц㶼ηˣ˼Ц滹󡣡
ǧקŵϵĵݰһηˣٲϣұ
īӺӣĸңкκô
ǧգգ۾ôɶˣԺûҩݴˡ
ī豻Цˣөһɫ̫ͬߣĹ󣬶˻ҩݴ۵飬ˣҸղſδηгͬ˵Щʲô
ǧģʦǹңһʱ䣬պҲҾ͵ˡ
īһƲξôĳˡ
ǧ´ۣʵѰңҲͬ˵һĻ᣿
˵һµġī轫һСչȷҵдģƺȴдҵдҩ䱦󡣡
ǧգգ۾˵ȥ
īһǣ¶ɫϸϵּұּЩͬȻͦ񣬵ϸһƻܱ
ǧ˼ۣȻ˲ۣ֮ͬ׺ɫҲ˵Ǳ˰·غģּдһĵصϹұΪԴô⣬û뵽һ˵ˮ©



311 ô

īԼµеġǺˡ
ǧָ⣬ҲԼҪͬʱˡ
Ǹǧɣī迪ѯʡ
ǧͿҲ˳ۣȻþһа취Ūҡ
͵ϹԲ̵СīЦɢĪĶĨ⣬һΣҶЩۡ
ǧֻЦ
õοڻʼҵī裬ܹ鲻⣬ûЩõʵ۵ĴеĲɫİЩϰߡ
ˣηٴգպұȥī¹Ц⣬ֿϡ
ȥ
ǧ̲סüͷһȥȥĶ
īЦȻǧˡ
ǧң
ǧҼĺӣϴܻȥֻͷ˶Ͳ
ǧĿ΢һ仰Ҳû˵
ī費ηоô˵˼仰ת뿪
һ뿪η޹ʱð֣ǧתͷ⣬ͼɫѾˣһԲ¹ҹԵù¼ŷǳ
ǧָ⣬ܾýղ̫ƽ
ա
ǧڰᣬ͵ϹԲ̵ϢѾѧԺд飬ǧѩȴ¥߳
ãҲ㿴ЩϹԲ̣ΪϹԲ̻ᱻǧߣǧѩľԾһƸȥ
ͻȻ֣ǧû׼㱻һ㣬ôѾ¥гˣ㲻˵Ҫʮգ
ǧѩ㣬üĿһشҸղŵ⡣
ǧʶŭѱŻˣǧ͹˺ڰᣬҲõ˺ڰĴУ͵ϹԲ̲Ϊ档
İɡǧѩһҧ㵱ϹԲ̵Ҿ;ùŹ֣飬ҸӾͼ졣
ǧ䶯ǣʵ˵
ΪҪǧѩֻǾվǶʥŮѹôҲǧҵĽãݺͲ±¶ǧʧ
ǧЦʲôǧҽãǴͷҰӣֵͼҲǽƣ
ģǧѩЩȣ˵
ǧ⽫е鶼˵ˡ
ǧѩ󣬺ðβû뵽



312 ˴֮װ

ݺҰΣͿ˳ˡǧԭα¶Թ˵Ƿﻹͼ鰸ϴԼȴذƸУлɳáǣкīͽصˣƾͼưϹԲ̷£ϹٿĪ硣
ǧѩû뵽Ļأô뵽ҪϹԲ̵ģ
˾ǰңڰҪϹԲ֣Һ㿴ܣҾſһԽǧʵ˵
˾
ǧѩЩȣôϸоһֱԼǻֵĽ
㣬ʵҲǧİɡǧЦģŶ⣬ʦʱҪǧϴ˵ʦԸףǲǺǧйأ
ǧѩһָ΢΢գǰ㾪ΪˣķξΪǧʱ䣬ôԣ
㣬ô˻ǧҲǧҵĺӡǧ⿪ڣƻ
ǧѩҡڲʦգΣ
ϹԲ̣ñ¾ǧŮǻǧۣ
ǧѩ̾ôãڻ޷ϹԲ̡
ǧȡһСƿӣ˾ǰҵɰۣ˵ʱϹԲ̷⡣
ǧѩʿˮЩԾԾԡ
Ƭ̣˾ϹԲ̽빬š
ʵΪڰħ鷳ģһʥŮˣǽ鷿
ʥŮô¥жգʵۿʡ
ǧѩ΢΢ɤ͸żֺ񣬡£ŮӦϹԲ̷⣬ľд·Ůҵֻܴ¥г
ʵ΢΢ס˵ϹԲ̷ˣ
ϹԲԵдδɢ⣬ɽϹԲ̾ˣ⵽Ǹǻ
ʵšüһ֣أʥŮ콫ϹԲȡơ
ǧѩԽϹԲȡͨںڵϹԲ̴˿̾ɫ⣬ϸһ̹ܿд˼ʺɫŸˡ
ʵ۶࿴˼⣬ⲻͷƤЩ飬˵ϹԲһͻᷢ⣬Ĩ͸ô£
ģ̌廰£˴֮ף
ʵͷжһĨ־ɫϹԲ̸ӦȻüٵģףǺף



313 Բ̨

ǧ⳯ǧѩһۡ
ǧѩһųϹԲ̸Ӧܳ˻ŮŮ˺ڰħʦˣܹƻģŮֻ᧿Σ
᧿Σʵ۽۴ĴָϵָɫŮ˭
ǧѩ΢΢ۣŪŮϹԲϸӦŮ˿С
ʵһȻǧ
ǧѩƬ̣ŵǴŮ˵ǧǧҼĺӣǧ֮Ȼ˸飬Ůʵڲ£ǧǧİգŮΪʥŮΪһ˽˰ǣ
ǧǧҵĺӣʵ䶯ǣϢĴ
ǧѩԭί֪
ʵɱԣԭˣֲԭֻǼҰӣǺڰµĻŮ١
ʵ۷䣬æǴʿǧʩ׷
׷֣ǧѩǧһۣԴЦ⡣
׷Ϊ̷ǧˡ
ʪΡ
ǧȴٿߴһҵĽŲ彣û׵
üһɲõԤӿͷ
ܿηű򿪣׵ʿ˽ϽԴɱǵǧ̲סһ
ǧԲ̨һʿóһں쳣滹һ׻֮ơ
ǧеͷһǷ˭ȥԲ̨ʲô
û´ĻԲ̨ʩ׷ĵط˵׷ǿп̷ͷϲҲзϣ˵Ļ׹޼ó
£ǽԲ̨Ҫʲô
ҵȷ֮ŮѺԲ̨ʩ׷˵䣬ʿѾǧ˫ֿס
̣˿˿׻֮ӣֵǧ飬ʹ
ʿקϵԲ̨֮ء
һԲ̨һǿҵ׵âϮǧסЩʱգһʱ侹޷Ӧ׵Ĺâ۾һȫӦ
۾ǰԲ̨Բ̨һɸߣɫ׻֮⣬ѵĵ£˲佫Բ̨յͨ͸
ףǧֻĿһۣⶫڷ̥ϣζȻܡ



314 ʴȰ

ǧĿͶ𴦣ͼԲ̨Զվڴ󳼺ʿ
ʵ۰Żƽߴޣȴһɱ
ǧָ£ͻʵ۶ʱܾԼһֻ׸Сǣ˵ΪԼգµһô£
ɫһƣȴûκī裬⿴סǧѩǧ⡣
ǱӦǧңΪͻȻڹڣ
ǧ򴽣ĵһ뷨շһУйء
ŮΪβ£ʵŭȣǧоһˡ
Ů򡣡ǧվԶһ廪ǣŮûйڰᣬû͵ϹԲ̣½ŮѺԲ̨ȴΪΣ
ʵ۽ӱԵͻȻһԵʿʹ˸ɫ
ʿ⣬ֱýôǧϥǴ֮أһȥ
ʿǳûסļһһңֱǧôѲ
ʵۼˣü׹΢¶ϹԲʾǻŮΪΣֻܽʹ
ǧЦ֮λ޴ǡ
ʵۣһԵǧѩʥŮ͸ϹԲϵŮɻǲϹԹԸ
ǧѩ⣬ϹԲȡ
Բ͸ĹâӳǧУһۣҲЩȻ
һֱڲԲ̾Ȼˣ⻹ɫģôһЩ죬ټϻʵ۱ͲĶ࣬һҪ粵ϼѡ
£㻹ʲôҪ˵ʵʡ
ģ̌°ͣʹҲ߹󲻷Ǿ仰ûûǱǲһ仰
ʵȻʲô
ϷԡǧۣĿӣӦʦʱ鰸»ʣһգȴҪ̣Դʦĳŵȫ֮Ժ𣿡
ʵһ㶣Ȼôʦѹ
޵£αΣɱˣŴʦġʵۼѾҪŪ
ǧҧʢ⡣
Ѻ棬ʩ׷ʵ۶ʵ˫ǧٸһλᣬޱˡ

ǧףĹ鼮ûм˭ʵ˵ֻһᣬʴȰˡ
лʴȡǧվһ˲֮ơ



315 

ʹ֪һ֣ϵ沢ûˣŨҡ
׷ǧû˿Ҫǧĵһˣ
ʵ۲ϲɢ棬ܾرѹȸУۣٴ콫Ѻ룬ʩ׷
Բ̨һ͸ţɵ׵󷨣ʿŴ򿪣סǧֱ۾뽫Ͻȥ
ǧü˫ʮ㣬ſңԼȥ
ʿһ㶣ʶɿ
ϵѾ򿪣ǧ䣬һ͸Уһȥһײȫӿ
װԵޱȣδ¾ͽüΪۣǧվ׵粨Уֻ˫ͬǦһ㣬Ҫ֧̱ڵˡ
ͷϷľͬһХͻȻֱֱ½ǧ˹ȥ
¡һ
׵ǧͷ˲ƤЩطˡ
ǧӲһɲǱͷۻҲһζ
Ӳסؿڣû뵽ֻһܽŪǱܻ
ǧҧйâʢ
ڼзСҲŬ棬սʤף
ǧһѪֻ࣬ҧҧ׼ٴγ׵Ĺ
һһ׵£ǧÿζǿס˼ѪԺ̾ͻˣɽģǧ׵ǿ󣬷·ֻҪһܽ˻Ϊ
ǧȻɴ۾вϺХֻײȵ
ô죿
ǧ˼ٿ̧ͷʢ׵Եù쳣
ǾֻħӲƴƴƴùҧӲƴֻԼ֧䣡
ǧȡռڵѪ﷨ȣѪ﷨Ⱥ죬ƺܺϵȼ磡߶ϵħһ˲ޱȵĻƣգƻΪһֱֱе
Բ̨֮˿˷龰Ȼ
ǧӲ¾׹Ѿʧȥκ˶Ȼϵħ׵࿹
ŮȻʵŮ
ʵۿ͸еһУɱŨȻŮŮĻ
ǧԲ̨ȤӶȡ
ʱ򡭡
һХֱʺһ



316 ڼзѰ·

Ե׵磬ȵĻײɲǲ޴
һɹɲϮ͸ҲϮ죬ͷҲضɽҡһ㣬ֵĻ̡̻
ǧõһһѪ³
ۣ
ȫۡ
ǧըһʹϮһѣͳѪҧźࡣ
̧ʣͷϵڻ񣬸ղһǷأδʲô˺
ǧҧϵħһ⣬վһ˫͸˼ᶨ
ģҪڼзѰ·
ǧϵħɳޣҫûʱ̳һѺۣۣϵңָͷϵס
׺ХٴϮʱһΪǿҵħǧԭתһȦٿеĻϵ޸ֻһɲǣһϵ޽׵ĹƵֵ⣬ִһռϷļӸС
ǧҧгݣֻԼ֪һþȫſֱֵϵҲܡ
ɣֻգͽǧеĻϵ
ͻȻ񱩵ϵķξۣĽвãæ˿һԣϵڶ缲磬ܿѾŴ
ǧɴæеѪ﷨ȥֵ
Ѫ﷨Ⱥ޹죬һȺϵײʱ˵Ĺâ̽ϵȫɢ
ǧܲסǿҳ˼Ѫ
ؿڣɫ԰ѿֱֱͦƤѪ죬Ȼᶨδȴһ
Բ̨Ļʵ־ŭָŮǲͬˣĻս񣿡
ǧѩ͸У׳չպޣвӦöɱҡС
򴽣ź
͸УǧںײϿ⣬ذɴȹ˿ѽȾѪգŷǱҲһС
跨ȣۻϵħϹ
׾ƤͯÿһʱɧǧÿһεɧӱҧֻԽԽֱĴ
Ŀڣÿһζҧͦ
Բ̨Ĵ󳼺ʿǧ˾ǿ챻ˡ



317 汻

ûô׷ˣǧҲ̫ܿ˰ɣ
˵ڰħʦܻޱȾ޴𣬲룬˾޴ֵҲǸˡ
˵¾棬СıѺкŮһͬ׷
һŵýԱ죬ֻ۰Ͱͳ͸ڡ
׵ĹƾңվͷҲ׵жʱɢĲǿңԵˡ
ǧߵѪĨһĻ潻ң
ĺһ䣬ǧͬţһ˲ڵϸߣ·ܽ͸ơ
վڻ֮Ŀһķˣ֮£涼ճһƬ𺣣ԶԶȥƬɺĻʢı˰
죬ұһϢ
͸ľ
Ľ׻ϵħЧ
ʵ۾ôվãĽ׾졭
ǧƣֱǧѩȥ㣬ǧӲ˾ȻĻù죬ôҫأ˵ڰᶨԩ
ǧѩû˵ȴء
ǧһ󣬾ͽĿջأֻҪǧ˾ͽԴϲˡ
͸Уǧ֪˵뷨Ӷзȣȸħ˲˫һᣬħͶ
ƿնȥٴνײ
ֻһ׵ڿţһ˲޴ޱȵ
ǧվԭأֻ˶Ҫ޴󲨶ƷˣҧҧأվֱþȫֿЩԵĲ
ͻȻ
˺ƳգֱӽͶĻɸɾ
ǧȻɴ۾Ļ汻ȫˣǿȸ𰡡
δϸ룬׾ɵĻ³Ϊá
ǧһɵˣĲ
׽ںһ˲ϵ͸һҫɫڲϰŪɢһĿ²
ǧʶã˼
ײϷŹŻȻϮȥ
ǧд󺧣еѪ﷨ӭֵǡ׼ȸʵǿʵãǿ˳ȥ
顱һ󱳶ײڲϣ۵ѳݣƹͷѾˡ
ڵϹ˼ȦֹͣĿڣֻζŨ
ҧֲõǱߵѪա



318 Ūҵͽ

ܿ죬ǧΡΡվŸһվȣֲڵء
ͬʱ춥ϵľԾԾԣҪٴν
ǧͷһײʱĲڣһʱޱȣ͸ڶŪ죬һֻ͸ŶҪˡ
ҧҧ˿̵һĲޣȫ¶ˣѪܣ⣬·ֻҪһܽŪ
ǧڲϣһֺ֮С
ǳĪҪˣ
˽зȣٴλӶʱȴ޷ۻϵħˡ
ϵħΪβˣ
кȻٴȴ۲ˣѵΪ̫޷ܻȣټϱ壬Ծ͸ˣ
ͷϵľײаԵ
һֻ˳ӥû˻棬ڵ
ʱ͸һӰ
ʿǼҪԲֳֳ̨˿ˡ
ʵָʣߺˣ

̧ףǶδСľݵİ
һϮѧԺѩɴ£ͷҲ߸¶Ķͷһ˫ɢŹʵ۾̧ڸλϵĻʵۡ
ʵ۱ЩڣҲЩ궼ǸСľݣСľгΪΣ
ѹʿɣ뽫ҸյͽŪ𣿡
ûûأʵ۵ɫһһ׵ģδ㻹˲أѵ㲻֪ǧڰᣬ͵ϹԲ𣿡
žƺ«ȫ֪ΪЩȻ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ˣǧ͸ʵۣһ˲ڵİ¶ڰᣬȡϹԲ̣һʩ׷͡
Ϊ⣬ȻԾǴԣûȷе֤ݱ¾Ͷҵͽʩ׷ʵԷڣѵ뽫һ𣿡
ǰ飿
ʵüͷһָҲ˸֮ɫ
ǰҲǱݹڰᣬȴΪ֤ݲȫκβң󡭡ҧһѹȸУ¾ͽϣ£֤ݲ㣬¾ʩ׷
ʵüŭȣ޵ľû˸ɣΪ֤ݲң⣬Ǵʦ㣬޷ַӽŪ



319 ˫ϵħʦ

ʦڲ鰸ȴ˽̡ЦһڽΪ֮㣬˵Ļȫˣ
ӣ˵ʲôʲôǻ͸¡ʵŭ
վֱӣһкҽնҪǧȳԺˡ
ʵ۵Բ۾ָһԵʿȣסЩס
ʿӵ
裬ѹʿɡ
Ҫȥ͸ʱͿһӿֱǧϮȥͬĲޣѪ·Ѿû˵ֿ
Ȼɴ۾һСģ
£Ҳ£һʱ޴ؼ䶼ƺҡβͣ͸в죬̳ϣûܿ浽׷ʲô
ֲ֮£˭ܹ
˶һ㶿͸Уʲô塣
ôǿǧ˰ɡ
ǧֲģѱըһѪˮˡ
̳ȫɢȥŤͷ͸Уˢˢסˡ
죬ﾹֱֱվһˣ
Ǹȫ²׵磬˫Ҳӳһ׵âɫ׵âʢ󣬹쳣
˲۾ٿ˿
ѽվ׵еģȻǡǧ
ǻϵϵ
˫ϵħʦ
˾Ӷˣǧ۾϶ǻþǧֹڰô˫ϵħʦ
ǻþǻþ
ֳһĬǧϵϵħֵͷת
˫ϵ
ƭ˵İɣǻþĻϵĲʵѾˡ
Ϊ֤ԼûǧŲŲϵϵһֱǻ಻Ե׺
ͣ۶ˣϵǻʵϵô˵˫ϵϾ޽е˫ϵħʦ
죬ײʲôʺˣ˫ϵħʦѲҲǺڰħʦģ
ʵ۾ôվŲģм쳣Ȼ˫ϵ޲ţⶨȻǺڰħʦоĽ
ǧѩ߬ƣ£ΪϹԲ̲ŻᷢǿҵĹâŻ϶ǻ
ʵ£˸޾֪ô˫ϵҪǹ˺ڰᣬڻǸ
£ͽϵħϢۺ񡣡޴г̡



320 

ֵۣ˰Եϵڰħʦ͵ó£껹δپѾϺͿ𣿡
ʵؿŷŭһ
ģȻѾԲ̨ҾҪףҪ֪Խͽɲ궼еġ
ʵҧгݣ޲ýŪ
͸Уǧ㷢裬ȫƣȻ۳ϵħʵЩ˼顣
վ׵УŲϵܸܵеİԵ
ǧҧϵ߹Ѿ۶ϣǲϷ
ΣҲף׵ףҲǿ
ǧȻɴ˫Ŀ磬е׵·һǳХţ˺ţɫĵ绡糤ڲŤһ˦ֱֱеϮȥ

ԵҪ˺ѣ
һɲǣֲͬ׵羹һһʢĹâͻȻ͸ҫ۶ֲ𺳵׵粨Ϯǧֻȫ߹Ǻ;ٴαµǣһϵڡ
Чˣֱ˵
ۣ
ۣȫļͺԼһǧҧܾԼҪˡ
ף˺¡
ʱֻǲΧ͸žһѺۣѺ࣬͸ŻɰѸٱ
ǧϵϮ£֧Ųסȫ˳ȥһۿüٶȫϨ
ײŸձϨûһͣǱˡ
ǧӿȵ׾ȻϨˣ
졣
ڶǰɣǿôܾϨˣ
˲ŴǣѾȫ֪ʲôǰ𾪵һĻ
޵סȻϨˣʵ˴ϵǲȫǰһĻ
ǧѩǧָ⣬ͣʧĻꡣ
˫ϵܽϨǧľս
׷ǧɥ׷һϦ֮𣬻ʵۿſڵϵǧͼѪ̾ͽȾ졣
ʵţȻǧӶ˶ƺҪӵվ
һ㶣Ǿֻãƴŭȵǧ̣ܽ͸͵͵ܳǿЩΪ͸󻼡



321 ֮Լ

ǧҡҡλβŸʵ۵ڶ
ȻϾɱ
ǧؿڣϵĽǶѾѣվһ漣һӵϣֻǵ֮¡
ҧɳ£Ѿ𣿡
ʵ۸߸ϣеɱӳԵøɱɱ
ǰһѽǧ󣬡£Ҳ֪ھʲôǧҵͽգҾȡ
ʵۣ˵ڿҳӣ޵ס
Щԥȴֲòӡ
Ҳǰܿǣơ
ǧѩвĵŮԸΪ·ȥǣȥ
ʵͷһϲʥŮЩȥ޶ҪǧŮۡ
ǧѩۣ¡
һ˲ǧѩסЩѲ
ʿû谭ŵ˻ųǧǱ߿񱼶ȥ
ǧֳѪ﷨վ룬ȾѪŲģͬһѾĲޣҪֻ֧ιȥˡ
ʿǻ赶һ㳯ȥ
ǧ跨ȣþȥֵ

׶ܴȥЩССʿΪݣս
ǧ˻һһֱӽһʿ˳ȥ
ʿû뵽ԭزǰ
ǧеķȷתԵ˼ȴžʿֳֵһСȥ
ѾˣȫһϣҲû취ˡҲ֪˭һʿǾһٴηӵϡ
һ˲üΪңӲǱ͵ϮǧѾȫˡ
ܿ죬һǴȴǧѪϥء
ʿǳô˻ᣬֽĿڴȥ
ʱһ׵֮ϮֱӽΧʿȫɣ
ʿǼ嵹ڵغա
ɢһҫӰӶ¥£ͷǧƮɣǰӡʱұ쳣
أֶ
һɱƮǼ⣬ģ̌㿴ĺ󱳣˷һ˵İĸС
ʦ
ΡΪҲˡ
£Ӧҵ֮Լأ˫ӣƽ֮ȴһƷ񰵲أ֪ΪΣں



322 Ѿ˭

ʵۼǷˣ²һеɱҲ˲٣ʦҲǱƲѣʥŮ˵ӦϹԲ̵ı仯а֮Ҫϵֻܳ²ˡ
û˵ϥڵϵǧڻУľˡΪ˳ǿ
ʹһɫ
ǧץס½ɫҰףֺηһšǲǿҾˡ
νǰ鷢üͷˡ
ǧһЦڻš
򴽣̧ʱֺͻʵ۵Ŀײһ𣬡£ҿϹԲϵı仯𣿡
ʵۿǧѩʥŮϹԲȡ
ǧѩڷʱѾֹͣ˴򶷣νǧ뻳УҧҧͷȻһĨʣʦǷϹԲ̣дĹâס
γϹԲ̿˼ۣĹɲǴУ򴽣޶˵еӿ£ԲϵĹâαģ㿴
ָᵯֻգ˲ԲϵĹâȫϨ𣬺Բٴαͭ
⡭ô£ʵֻһѣ
˵ֻ빹ˣĶ񶾷ӣ£ĪҪԲϵĶƭˡ
£ʵüʶǧѩȥһۡ
ǧѩָ⣬ƽ
εĿǧѩһֿ䵽ʵϣ£Ѿ鵽ɱſڰħʦľ˭ˡ
ʵ㶣Ƭ̲ʣʦǺˣ
ǧߵѾߴҡζϻʵ۵Ŀ⣬Ȼ
ңʵۣҲǧɵʱδϸ룬˵Զˡ
ʵ۲ǧϿȥҿѾߣ
ǧվǶһ޴룬ָһſڵ£ҵȷŮѾߣƽﵨС£ͺڰṴᣬǴʦ˰ɡ
ʵָ˼һʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ת΢ӣٴұһˣʹǺڰħʦĽֻϧֻֽ嶯Ѿܻʱһһ㸯ҵҵʱѾʼã
ʲôʵѯʡ
ͻȻӻȡһˮ򡭡



323 ҵ

˵ѳ֮ǰļˮУֻҪˮһ飬ͻӿ֣ʱȻס
ýǧܿˮ۵⣬ǳǳģɷǶˣʣ棬װŴҵļ䣿
ףЩʲôʲôм¡
Ҳ˵ǰ齫᳾⣬ǧһʹϮֵϽιȥ
۾ͲҪ˵ˡϿ˿ֽۣеˮ顣
ˮһ飬һ͸Ӱڿ֣ܿ죬Ӱй˴ˣθģٵ鶼͸Ӱŵһ
ô˵Ǵģʵ䶯ǣȴǲԼԩˡ
Ӱһ꣬ɢˣ·δֹһ
ǧǱڰƵĻˣǧ⣬ѵӲֹ𣿡
ʵ۲һɣʣǧ⣬⵽ʲôΪ˻ͺڰṴϣ޽
ǧŵһ¹ڵأ£ŮĲ֪飬ȻŮѾߣŮæٹʵڲѾ˺ڰĻˡ
ʵָıӣͿ
ǧɫɷףٶ˵һ֡
ʵյƿĿ⣬ųһǧûɱſȡϹԲʵ޻ǿԻ˺ڰᡣ
ǧѩŷΣΪ⡣
λӿ䣬ǷɢʱɣȥʱϹԲ̾Ѿˣôк֤֤ϹԲ͵ģ˹ŵģ
˵䣬εĿǧϡ
ǧü۵ʹŵɪɪ
ˣʦкεǧûйڰ᣿ʵ۶ѪǧȻɱ
ΪվԲ̨֮ϣǰӡɲ޲ѣ꣬ԺҷεޣһپһĹڰᣬôҶУǣ»ס
û뵽λô˵ʵ۵ԭء
һֱĹӲκŮӽļ⣬ΪǧȢΪޣһǻǧˣ
ֹʵˣǧҲɵˡ
ᳶε°ڣ˵ʦ׾ҵ£ҴӲ˵Ҫӡ



324 

ʹüԺҪͱ֡
ǧ죬Ҳûˡ
ʦˣҪȢǧΪޣʵȴ𾪲ѣ湴˺ڰᣬļҾ죬Ҳ㡣
̧Ŀƽ׶˵·ǿп޵ģĪҪˣѾú
ʵ۵ɴ۾һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôúſ̾ΰΣޱΪĹһжͨ͸ȴû뵽Ҳ˺Ϳһ졭ҲգȻޱָףպ춯޾ģϣյľ
ڡ翣
ʵ̫Ѩ̱ϡ
ʦΪǧŮǶˡ
ǧѩŷſգڲθʣʦΪҲУǧȴԣ
ǧҲʶ̧Σ
վԶ򴽲
ǧѩҧٴβƣʦϲǧ
ʥŮעһԼ̬ĮһĨ̵ı
ǧѩףֻñ˪ᣬãƺûĵġ
򴽣ƺס˾һҲ˵ˡ
ο̨ϵĻʵۣʵ£ܴǧ뿪𣿡
ʵ۰ڰ֣ۣ߰ɡ
αǧ뿪ϾټϴСС˿ڣһҲ߲ˣһ䣬ؽᱧڻС
ǧϵʹֵѾʣεĴ˷ٶǿˡ
̨ϵǧѩ۶ˣɵĴʦȻ¼Ůӡ
ʱѱǧ뿪ǧѩĿԿ뿪ķƺҪһ
뿪ʵ۴վޣ޽һ£ԲϵĹâôһ£
ǧѩǧ⿴һۡ
ǧָ˵Щ岻ŮԲʲôȻԲ̾ˣŮҲ֪ʲô
˵ò岻ʵҲЩͿˣڰ֣һ͵ˣ˵ˡ
ǧպգæס졣
ǧѩЩ⣬СƿӲ˾𣬿ΪҪԼϣӦòؿƿġ
ʵ۲һۣķǧⲻúùܽѾߴңʹòſޱ㷣ո£ʥŮЩԩ޹֮ˣޱ㷣㳭дһٱ飬ǿ飿
̹£Ůû顣
ҲˣҲȫŪˣʵ̫ѨڹĲ뿪Բ̨ԵʿҲȫˡ
ǧѩŸվǧһţʵǸСƿӵôǣ˾ģղô첻˵
ǧű۵Ĳλ˸ʵǸСƿҵ͵ġ
͵ģǧѩϵȥֻʣݺ˵ˡ
ǧⱻŻˣ˻һŵ˾˵иСƿԲǧúͳע͵ˡ
㡭ǧѩ˫Ťǧûɣܵ¼ɵȴǣЩҲ㡣
䣬뿪
ǧ⿴ıӰֱš
αǧѸٸϵͤ
ҹһţƼԼӽһѪ˱ڻУһ㼱ɫӭȥ̲סʣӣǧС㻹𣿡
ڻȴ󣬳ϣ̫á
ҹԣŲ΢٣ԺˣҲֻܳΪķﶼѣϵ츳ǿϧˡ
Ŵ򿪣ΰǧϡ
ǼѪ˲佫εĴȾ죬һ˲Ѫ֮Ҳӿ
ҹ΢ƣӴӲϲ˶Ĵ̣ȴǧԼϣһ˵
ӣ¸ΣҹڻԵǧʵ
һɡοϵѪ£ֻôĿޱȣѾ߽ǰһӣһд̤档
ҹʣӣǧСָΣ
νû˵
ҹҲվһԾȺ
÷βŶһӣҹ鷿еǸľ
ҹһȻɴ󣬡ӣľѩΣǧŽôһ꣬ȷ޸ܵӵѪ㶼᲻óԺοҪװ׸ǧ
ҹľ׮һվţ̧̧Ƥӣض˵Щȥ



325 ۰

ҹҧ鲻ԸŶƬ̣ͱһľӽ
ֽӹľӣһ򿪱һͨѩ׵˲ӳɫ֮⣬ͨ˲ûʲôر֮
ѩȡɲǣһɴѩƮɢҩζƮǼ⡣
ҹѩȡֹ
֪˵ʲôγ־ͽѩ鵹һԵĴɻУѾҲعȰ˵
ҹ򴽣Զһֿ˵ӣѩܰ޸ûǿѩ룬Ծ޲
νɻڴͷỺ촫ЩȻ֪ҲѾ˶Բߡ
˶ԲߣҹૣƬ̾Բ˫Ŀŵӣ㲻ɣ
νĿƽкβɣ
ҹ뵽ϵĲͻҵӣ㱾ŲٽĲأʱֻǰҲ޷Ѫˡ
ΰڰ֣Ѿ¶˾ģ޷ҹȳȥɣһġ
ӣҹһ꣬ʧ˷ִ磬ǧ׺εºܣӻдҪΪһǧԼӣ
εĿҹɨ̾һպҷεޣԼӱӦãҹҳȥض˵
ӵӡǧ
ʲôʱ飬ô֪
ҹ䶯һ±ƣƿžаһ˳ȥ
ĹӣȻȢˡ
ҹһߣŽѩ֭ҺͿĨǧȫͿĨʱǧ·΢΢ƿƬѩ׼ӳУҲкöǳһ˺ۣŴĿġ
εָЩ˺ۣ氼͹ƽ¶ȴȣһ˲ͽָˣջһֱϵļü֮Ծƽģ˿Ʋκη绨ѩ¡
βûż·ãǽ˫ַ󱳣Դ
ͬʱһ͸ϽУȴоڲϴ䣬ԴԴϽǧڡ


еǧֻӱϿҧϸϸۣܵʹ󣬾ͺȫһ
۵˾Σ۵رʹ



326 û°

ð亹ʪǧ˫˫ղҰֽ
ŹҵİɣҲҪˡĺۡ
ְã޸ͻۣ̣ܿ͹ȥˡ
ǧԱɹһֿʼˡ
ӲϿҧȫĹͷͽڿʼѡ
Կԡ𣬿ҲһѪζӣϸһԭǧðѪѪ콫ۼȫȾ졣
ڵĹͷ;ҲڲͣϿ޸ֱ޸Ч
ǧ߽ﲻϣ·ſ·ǳجΣۡĲҪˣŹҡ
㡭
ۡ
βܲˣΪǿ
ǧֻ߲Ʋڱʬҧҧٴξг
νľڶȴԾ޶ԣ޸ʹҲؼʱ̣κۣǰҲΪˣ
ۣҲšεٴ
ϵһô࣬ҲԲټزôɢʹڵѪڲɢһĨҲȫ˪һС
еǧҲܵ˱̲֮סһӣ䡭
αѪɫȻʧ١
һٴһ
һޱȣֱǧҴܣ۲Ͻ֯ϮŪǧܼ尾䣬ۡ
ϣҪȥˡγǳ
ʱáԿԡǧڵĹͷ;޸ˣγһ˫ջء
ʱǧͬһֱֱ̲࣬ˤȥ
ۼֿ죬һ뻳С
ǧɻԣȫûļ󣬿ϵѪѪܵѪˣޱȡ
ĲʣιһѪ
ǧȻԣʣһѪºĲѪˣɸո޸ʱɵ˿ȴûϣѪģ
üۣЩͳǧͷϣҴ˱Ҫȥ
Ÿ߼ֻһͷۻ˾ֱֱڵϣʱһԵɱ
顱һ죬ҹæŶ룬ӣû°ɣ



327 Ĳּ

ҡҡͷڵĺϮֵüͷš
һζǻӣͲס³һѪ
ŵϵѪҹֻôĿǳӣû°ɣ
ΰڰ֣Щĵվ޷ֻǸղ̫˶ѡ
ҹǰҪȥһҹ͸оһɱϮɺԵּΪ͡
ô޷Ĳּˡ
ҹҧͺһ
֪ͲǧŪ³Ҳ֪ôġ
ξûŭɤɵζҹȥиѾ߽ǧϵѪղɾ
ҹŷִϵǧһѪˣֻһ۾ЩëȻҹջĿ⣬ŽһѾ߽
Ѿ߽ǧϵѪȫɾûļ
ҹϿȥʵӣǧСΪλ
δڵŸո޸ҪҲҪܾʱ䣬Ƿǳʱڣòãձ޸ľɻϿ
ЩҹȻ֪ģ̧̧Ƥӣѯʣӿ뵽취ˡ
ƿӣߵµҺԺһõȪˮʺĿǰ
ҹȻһſڵǣǺвһὫȪˮ𣿡
ЩƷȥͳɡٴߵߣһѽǧᱧڻУҹȥȿȡ
ڱͲãֶҲĲˡ
ӣӲʣǽǧС㽻°ɡҹҪǧ
νŲȻֻ˲߳˷ţҹȥ
ǵĮҹƺһЩŭǶǧˣ̾ϢתȥִӽȡһЩϺƷ
ʦȴҲأǾĨơ
νǧҹųʹƥ
תۼνǧҹ
ļҶʶΣ붼ûͷǽȥˣģر𹧾η塣
ʱүҲõͨЩܳ˹ԭΪ˺˵û뵽Ǵʦʦһò԰
үͦһƤ׺ͺЦʱһշ



328 ô

βѣֱӿżɽү֪⸮ۡԺһȪˮ
үһ㶣Ӳʦʦ಻ʱسţȴû뵽ΪȪˮ
ʦ˼ǣ
ȪˮһãֻҪʮձáαǧվǶɫЩ¶ȴС
үﲻ˵ҹޱؽƷзϣһЩƷϣүõϡ
үӹܳʦ̫ˣ˵ʮգʮղ񶼻ġ
ףл
˵ʦǸˣɴɴһԵСһ۾Ƽеǧǧʦȳˣ
γɴɴһۣû˵
үһѽɴɴʾ˵
ɴɴΪذڰ֣Ҹ˵ǧʩ׷ұȥˣȴһֱҲţʦˣҲˣԺɱȥ
үζŮΪģ򴽣Ҳ˵ˡ
û˵㱧ǧתȥ˺Ժ
ɴɴȹڣСŸȥʵʦǧôˣΪһֱԲѣ
βͷ֮ȣ׷˾˿ҪȪˮٽһ޲
ǿɴɴ̿ˮгһĨɫǧҲȻ׷
û˵
ܿԺȪˮȪˮƣΧҲ˲Դľһ羰ΪȻĳ
νַǧ½ϡ
ɴɴһƾòˣʦôûŮʶӲͷƤ˵ʦǧҰɣȪˮԱܹǲõģʦҪȥҵȺȲ죿
οɴɴãſڵãͽиˡ
˵գʹҹת뿪
ɴɴǧ·˺Ķ࣬ЩĿġ
ɴɴܵţȴЩۣǧȪˮУǧˡ
ǧûѣǷˡ
ɴɴȹӵվҪü·ǧڣȴ·ںԶĵطԲӣʣʦôˣ
ûСͷһƳ䵽ǧĺ󱳴ôˣ



329 ôԱ

ɴɴգգ۾ܾǧģǧ죬ΪΣ
ǧûѡɴɴǰϵ·ǧϣʵʦϵ˺Ϊ׷𣿡
εʲôĻû˵
ɴɴָͷһ죺ʦķŹǧˣ
ףѾȫ塣η䣬ǰ뿴ǧ
ɴɴǰʦǱȥ˰ɣϾŮбǧû·أóȻȥֻЩá
޷ִǰϵҫȻ𣬡һḺģȥɣｻұá
ɴɴ죬һʱ޷е˼ȴǹԹ뿪˺ԺȪ֮أһȥľԾʲô˼
ѲɣʦȢǧɣ
죬̫˰ɣɴɴŷĶ䣬ææ˻ȥ
һߣθǧԡ
ǧ˫գȴǱȪˮ÷۽ޣƺֻҪһ۾Գ
ε˫ӹüӹۣ󶨸̺۵Сϣ˼ۣܿ콫Ŀջ
ڰϣͻȻһĨϮؿھҿ
ȿȿȡȵ󾹻ȳѪνѪղɫҰֽ
ղѪУֻ´βȥİһȫȻûнǣɵͬһȪ·ĲԼ
ڰϰһǰס´۵ؽȪˮУһǳǳۣ֮ȵĺ˯ˡ
Ȫˮӵڵ״ЩôҲһůС
ʱ򡭡
Ȫˮеǧ۾øղһóóجΣξĹͷ;˺ݺնϣ뾡취޸һֵȫ뱻һʹǳ
ʹǾ˼ͣ˿ͣЪ
ǧ˶ָ⣬ȴãȴϲķϵĹͷ;ȫ޸ˣ⵽ô£
СѾͷãúҩģܹǽľ͹ͷ޸ˣɷԼ͡ǧ˵
ǧԵɴ󣬡Ƿ޸ģ
ȻȻ˵ŷΪ˾㣬ֻܲá
ǧͷһʲôã˵
ӱͲãָ˲ӻã۾ʡ
ǧŴ꣬һʱ˵ǡ
ͷαǰ˸Ӷ򲻹һˣֺοΪԼˣʲôô
ǧ򴽣˿鼫ΪӣһĨǳǳڲϻζ
ˣεӶߴ
ǧΪԼˣŤͷʱֱӱһ
ΡôԱߣǧԼû·ˮ棬ˮʶȣǸȪ⵽ﰡ
֪ʲôεȻҺԺȪˮϵ˺ЧҪʮգȬ
ҵȪˮ
ǧתͷĴ˼ۣ㷢ȪˮɾһͰľΧƣȥǷ˵Ȫ˽𣿡
οȪԵҸүʮգӦˡ
ǧһۣŷҲȪУ´۵ģһȪˮ۽ϣܿǺǰľ׳
׷˿ң԰ɫҲһĨΣܸоȲ·ˡ
ǧڻܶȥϷһɡ
Ҳԣʦүô÷ӣǧЦЦȪˮů΢֮У
û˵ϵĺҲδˣһһ˶ֵкεɫְ˼֡
ǧһ۱Ծ뵽ղͨ˵Ļָ˶ҲһĨӣΣҼǵҵĹͷ;ȫˣ޸õ𣿡
ο˫ǳǵģ֮Ͷѡ
ǧ򴽣ƮƮĿͷǿֿʼˣʲô鶼һνӣϴν޸ҲΪԼǷޱߵˣҪԼڴŻһ˿
֮ͣǧЦ֮ԼŪɫҰףʦˡ
ûеķ̣ٴСƺǣ⡣
ǧҧһ
ΪԼˣΪԼͭǽǣ



330 

ǧݺݶۣȻܶ˷ԼļޣһسǱȥ
ʱ򡭡
ΡৡһǧڶۣһĨɫƽۣ֣ܿһסڻС
޸ؼʱڣΪҪҶƺôƽˡ
ǧ㲻Ŀڴɲǣƽȵָ£ͻȻ;ƽ˺öࡣ
ƽҲ䣬ؿڻͬһȵģ񣬾ˡ
뵽˵ĻǧٴεԲ۾㻹˵֮ͣΪҲô䣬ǲΪ˰޸ʲô岻õ飬ʹٴβˣ
νֿͷЩ㲻ùܣֻҪĽľãá
ôԼأǧҪ̧۾ͷţ̧
ңδһõġ
ǧҧҧһֱڶ߻죬̲סק½ʵΣʶʱ䲻ΪҪôã
Ϊ΢ͣ٣һýƽɤ˵պ󽫻ҵķεޣȻҪá
ǧΪԼ˵£ȴ룬ô˵
ޣ
ǧק½󲻷ţΪھʱ˵ʲôֻȨ֮ƣ㲻˵ֻĿڶˣĪǣģ
ޣǧֿؿڣһ˫Ư˸ұΪ㵱ʱ˵ֻס£ԣģ
ɿͷǿ۾֮ú˵
ǧ򴽰꣬ٿЦŵ٩Ǵʦѡû׼ʲôʱȢҹţ
΢˫µ˺֮˵ɡ
ĿǧЩ˺˹Ҳ˰ɡ
ǧӦһѰһλÿһڲܶȽһûɣ
νͷϵɿֻҪûͺá
ǧûƷʲô˼һõؿУֻ÷
һͻأȪ
ǧƳͷͿɴɴһ͵վԭأҲŵϴ󣬾ͷ·ܵʲô̼
ɴɴֽʲôǧüϺ档
ɴɴ˳ȥԲҲǹ⿴ģǼǼ
ǧЩεؿıӰֹɴɴôֵֹģǼɼʲô
û˵ϵ۸Ϊϣ˽һĦʱܸܵ˴˵ļɲǣһĸоϮ
ǧͷһٿˡ
Լû·ˣûҲˣ˿̾ͷνһ𣬾ˮʲôƲ϶ܸоϡֲɴɴᱻŻڵľٶʵ̫Լ˶Ҫ
ǧֳ˳ε½󣬹򶨵ʦȪˮݶãǲǲˣ
Ȫˮݾ˻ơδͼ˫պͮͮģȻǱƻˣǲˣǾȥɡ
ǧͲ뱧վһ㶣æʦѲ㻹ˣåҲԣҶ˾ΪΪһƻŮҪ˿ȥ
νŲ΢٣ʱһЦ⣬޷պҲҪ׵ģ²̫Ҳԡ
ǧܵʲôһȻԲ˫˵ʲôٸ˵һ顭
û˵ʲôȪˮУԼ˳ȥȥѾ߽㻻ղţǺ㿪Цѡ
˵ţ˳ȥܿûӰӡ
ǧıӰͷӹһ㸴֮ɫ
û뵽δʦҲῪЦ
ûһѾ߾ͽˣһ׸ɾĻϴɫɴȹϲɫ
ǧϰѾǸڲֻܹܶԹǰŪѾǾͳȥˣԹȪûж
һһƽȵĽŲ
ǧһͷͿѾһǺɫģĵ͸ףмˡ
ʦԽиѾŪҳȥοǰǧֻȪ棬ɲǣůˮָʪˡ
οһۣ鲻޸ؼ飬³ʲôʧ
ԭˡǧЦЦǿЦԣҪʱ̿ңѪ׷ѣ԰ɣ
û˵һѽᱧڻС
ǧ͵һֶ֪ˡ
Ǵ˵еĹΪλὫء



331 ҧ

ǧüĿ£һӣʵʦҽ׷ʱҲôұߵ𣿡
Żʵ۵棬˵桭
ζףкβ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷûκβףһΪҿš
ǰص㵱ʱӱͲãٿҪȥһô顣
뿪ԺȪͷŨǧУֵסӦ˲ŽַſʦҪȥ
δȣһ᷿ڣү㱸᷿ʮסţʮչӾܺˡ
Ǵʦأģ̌һ˲Ϸ˫ľ۾
νϣţ˵ͤлЩҪЩ鴦ˣԻ㡣
ǧȻؿڴͷǵ٩Ҳ˵ʦҪһ˶ˣڻܶһ۸ô죿
££ۣһۣĵճŮϵıӻЩ㲻ǡ
ǧӦһ㿿ڴͷ˵ˡ
ʱѾš
վڴͷ׵ɡ
һ䣬ľžͱ򿪣Ѿ߶Щ˽һʦڣ乧ظ˸
΢΢ףϣͿԳȥˡ
˸ϺѾߴС˷ţ¾˴ʦ
ǧѾ̲֮ͬסЦʦѾȴһ޵ӣȤ
οһϵķˣʢǳ˵Ӧ˵㵨̫󡣡
Ǽһ˷ƣ׳Ӻ˵ġǧЦЦһͿϵķʢˣʦڻܶɣ˼ѾˣɽγԷ
ζŷˣһݵǰ
ǧеĶһֵ뷨ʦִͣιҳԷɣ
ڴϣ˿۷˱ݵߣ޷㰲ĳԾͺá
ģ̧̌Ƥӣһ¾Ϳ˳Ľëţòſҧסӡ
׽һ£ºŵȻʦԸͣҾͲˣǱߵ⣬Ҽеɺÿ
βˡ
ǧһ£ͷһӣȴһ仰Ҳδ˵ŶֱԵЩŲҡҡͷˣҪˡ
ϡ
ǧҪ뿪㿪ڽסʦһ¡
λЩ⡣
ʦҴǧָָԼߡ
վԭؿ̧ۣ˹ȥʵ£
ǧû˵ҧѵֿסεһ˲̹ǵϮ򴽣ӽա
οС֣üͷ壬˵ܶ𣿡
ǧûشĻԹ˵ʦƺˣɫҲ԰׵ˣ״̬صͤЩʲô¶
ްߡ
ǧק޷ֵͷ
ΣֹͣŪӣְɡ
ǧüһֻֻԼ½ԵʦңҲ֮ˣȻ֪ΪʲôҵѪͻЩֻҪܺЩھڣʦ˵ɺã
²ɼɫ԰ףʵں޲ĳ
ϾΪ˾ԼŻˡ
ʶ磬ᶯ˶ȴ˵㲻ҵӻûֵزֻԼľͳɡ
֮ǲҪ£
ǧüͷһֲˬУ۾ΪôϻǲҾͲˣʱѣʹ˾͵ù㣬ʦ𣿡
νδ֮ˣҲ룬㡭
˵䣬һֱ磬һĨ
ǧЦ𣬹ƻ޷Ҿѵ۶ҧң
ۣڵһ⡣
㾲ǧʲôҲûУʲôҲ˵ֱͷƤ飬Ŵ󷢴ȱڵȻ㲻ۣҾͲˡ
ǧ˫͸
֣½һһ㳶һɲϵǸӡӳУ⴦Ѿ۷ɷǺÿӡϸϸţͻȻָϡ
һĨϮǧ̲סһӡ
֪Լָ˪ֳߣͷʹʱҧǸӡϡ
ǧ۵ָһü۵ʹҧԼľˣ̲סֹһŸոճ⣬ʦΪ㻵۶ƫҪҧʵĿܣֻˡ



332 ҵѪô

һҧƺҪӡΪһЩطãЩ᲻졣
µķѵģ˵ʱֱǧͷ飬ֵǧĶ˼֡
գգ۾һģǾͶлʦ飬˼ӡ
ΣǰӡҲƶһĨɫǳǳģͬµ󣬡ҧģ𣿡
ǧץĿͶ𴦣ۣһҲۡ
ֻǾеˡ
ǧһֲԽƵαḧںϵһ˿һƷ⻬ǧִУµĶΪᡣ
һָ΢΢£ͬʱڻһζǳۡ
һ̧ͷ촽ϵѪղɣȡһƿҩĨ硣
ǧҧûг
Ϳ֮󣬷ν½á
ǧʶ˿ڴ̧ʱͼɫѾ˲٣һ㶣ЩȵֹͣҵѪô£ֻ˼ɫͱˣҪǾβʵѾҳӵѪѪ֮ˣҶҪԼˡ
ֹεüͷ΢¡ѪѪ¹شвɺ
ǧһۣ˵Ͳ˵ֲʲôϡôʲô
βƿű˳ȥ
ǧյضıӰѪѪãࣿ뵽ǧѩףδɹ˿ĿڻЩƵġ
ǧҧͷԼͷϣҲ֪˶þһ˯⵹۾ûþ˯ȥ
ɫѾˡ
ʱķű졣
ǧģģӦһɡ
ʱžͱ򿪡
ɴɴС̽һͷ۾µµ¿Χ
ǧһģ̲סЦˣʦˡ
ɴɴŴ󵨵Ŷ룬ʵ˵¿ʲôÿģղںԺȪؿˣʹʦҴˣ»ᱻڡ
Źϣһ˵š
ǧЦضʦĻ£ɱڵĲ֮٣
һ򣬾һɴɴŸ첲Ƥ¶˳ٿǧһԣǧʵ˵ʹʦô£Ϊе˵ʦҪȢΪޣ
ǧһ㶣н֮˻ͦࡣ
üۣɤЩʱʦΪŸô˵ģȻôأô׷Źң
ԭˡɴɴƬ̣־òԾҪմʦҲûµϷ治µǧѩҲӦôӦǣܾͬأҲôġ
ЩΨдʦԼǧϹ£Ҳá
ɴɴգۣЦһҲ棿
ǧʼ磬Ҳûãʦ˼صˡ
ɴɴߣʣ˵Ļ𣿡
ǧ˵ģɣɣǱ۾ˡ
ɴɴ˫մȾϲɫҲ˵ˣ
ǧЦ
ܳǾͺˡɴɴСָͷϹֹʱǴʦޣΪҲܸմ⣬ȥͤƾǺģ
ǧѯʣôȥͤ
ɴɴͤһֱأҲȥһΣһҲüȫָˡ
ǧЦ𣬿еʳתƻʱǲǸҴ˵ģ
ɴɴ£ʳķȡԣҸЩԵģϵķ˸ΪḻɵöһЩ
ǧͷ
ɴɴһѾ߽ιʳʦ˵ڻܶλѾιɡ
ǧ˷εһѪεͷãǾιɡ
Թʳǧ˯ˡ
ڶ磬ǧһţȥռУžͱ졣
ɡüؾڴϡ
ɴɴŶ룬ɫЩѿǧҴָҪ㣬
ǧѩˣ
ʲôǧۣѲû
ɴɴҡҡͷ˺ЩƷοģо仰ǽлǸûҿ˵㱻׷ģһҽãôôܸ飿
ã
ǧһЦǧҵĺӣ֮ȻûνĽ֡
ɡǧüɤЩ´λʱŪģͲˡ



333 Ȩ֮

ɴɴ⣬æȥţȥţ˿̾Ժ⡣
ǧӦһ
ûԺſˣǧѩ˼ɫɴȹ̬ŵ߽
һžͼǧܺõڴϣɫĿ͸һǱĲյ׷˵òᣬ뾹õ졭
յ׷Ӧľõ죬ˡ
ǧûеɻ״˵һ䣺ɶ˴ʦΪ޸Ҳܺô졣
ʦΪ޸뵽Ƿγ־ǧѩһȶ˵Ҳԣʦϵ£־ҲΪ棬ڱǰ˵ҪȢ㣬ҲЦɡ
ǧǾȵؿۣЦ
ǧѩһЦĪǣ㻹˲ɣ
Ϊβܵ棬մʦӲ㿪Ц֮ˡǧһ٣˵ڱǰЦǿ۾ʦϽǲܿЦġ
ǧѩסһʱ˸˵ʲô
ǧ࿴˿ǧû㿪ʵǧأôûң𣿡
ǧѩšüȴˮ˼ˣԻظ
ظǧƷζ⼸֣ٿҡҡͷǲҪ˰ɣ֪ҵݣ͸ýˡ
ǧѩЦã˵ʲôأ
һǧҼҰӣزظ벻˴ţǧѩ˵԰ɣǧüһ⡣
ǧѩһ̣ŵõһ˵ʲôûй飬Щһֱǧң֮Ȼ֣˵ϾͶϵģ
֣ǧһζ׷֪֮ݽ;ݰɣǲģ㣡
ǧѩҧһˣӲҪҲضϵһЩϵȲƷͨԻظ
˵ţǧѩͽиϡ
ǧһۣû˵
ǧѩҪ̧뿪ֻͷ˵һ䣺ãǧҲ֮ʼǸˣʦǷҲúúãȨ֮ƻʵⶼд˼
ǧɫ䣬ЩҶ㲻˵ҲԼ˼
ûһǧѩյҧԼܶǱòˡ
䣬̧Ŷ
ǰŸߣɴɴ˽һʵǧղûЦɣǧҼģ
ǧû˵
ɴɴ뵽ʲôһŵذ˰֣Ҳǹ͵ģ˭˵̫ˡ
ǧĿջأ̾һɣҲʲô¶ֻԺȸ½˶Ҫ֪˰ɡ
ɴɴ̿ˮ˵ģ
ġǧû˼ҲǧҵĺӣǱǴ·߼ģĸ˭ͷ
ɴɴ̾㻹ֲǧһֱ㣬ԭǸ׽á
ǧ
ɴɴԹ˵Ҳ޷Ժдʦţǲɣ
ǧۣû˵
ɴɴ˵һ󣬾ûȤ˾š
һߣǧռ䡣
ռƯĵ⣬ǧֻһˬڵϲҶ
ϲ㻹ܻŻصռ䡣ò֪Ķ˳ƮƮ˵ŷ
ǧɲǱ˫ĺɫ۾ӦܻţռҲʧ㣬ֻҲſռʧ١
һʱ˵ɴԱеĲ
ǧЦſһۣû˵
ѪСצӵ˵ĸ첲⣬ֵ㱻еЩǾͿˣ޷жǾĶˣֻС񣬴˿𣬿ˡ
ǧһëЩڣҼǵͦħ޾ˣˣ
һ۲ԶĺЦ׼С棬Ǹ̰Թûħ޾˾ȫûˣ𡣡
µ˲䣬һһϮ㲻ëֱӱˣһʱȫīڿĽ
ۼñãǧЦãԺ˵СһЩ֪𣿡
գųȥͺɼܣǧۼֿһѽסߣһЩҪ㡣
ʲôʣҪֻɼܣû
ǧۣ䣬Ҳ㣬Ӧڶʱڻ磬ڲҶʵѰ



334 һݹƾͻ

һ̣еĲ콥ʧ̱÷˼֣취Ӧеģɷж㲻ҪҶȪѲ
ǧֻǵҪԸҪι졣
̾Ըιʳ㻹㣿
ǧĿһסĳ䣬ЩȻ㶼ˣ
üЦȻȫˣû֪ûҪȢΪޣʱڻЩߵˡ
ǧЦã㻹ǳɾˣʲô֪Һ˵˵¡
һ󣬲ɫ˼֣ڵľջָͬӤһ飬ҪڶʱڻͱǾƹ䷽ݣ䷽ѾݹЧá
ǧһϲ˻棿
Ȼֵ䷽ĸҩҩǿңܻЩۣۡԲֻȪİɡ
ۣǧָһǲ
ѽ÷˸ۣûϾΪ޸ʱеøɱһöЩˡ
ǧǵĻ£΢
øϽ洽˵
ǧ÷ſ׼ڿռ衣
ռûľͰʹ᷿һһ֮ǧ͵䷽ʼԡ
һˮУǧ͸оһ۸ϮͬӶҧһ£ҲûôۣɽʹӾ磬·ֱĸоֱֱꡣ
ǧ۵üëš
ӵ֪ˣ̾һ͸˵˻ۣھҲˡ
ǧҧһǿڡ
̯צӣ֪СѾͷǿͺŰɣܻЩۡ
ǧƴţ˫ƺЩŤ޷׷סˣһʹ
ðŪצû˵
ǧˮУܾԼӺ˺һ㣬ֱ·Ҳμ˺˵ꡣ
ǧһͣʵ̲סǾг
ۡ
ֵͷƤ飬æצס䡣
ĺȶЩΪҪЩֵÿռóүһ㡣



335 ׻ϵ

εСѾͷһֱ׷űҪӣĵܲ
˸Ƥô˵ˡ
ö˸ҲѰ˸ط´˯
ǧڱܼ尾ʹϮÿһζֻһ㣬ͦȥʹ͸ΪǿңһһϮͣЪ
ģǧ۵ľѾܲκʹˡ
΢΢ۣͼ䷽еڲڣȫ룬ľͰеˮͱ峺ޱȣͷһϲ̲ס˶ָ
ֻǶһ£ǧͷָܻˡ
·ϣٿվ粽߳ľͰվڵϣеϲöÿҪһ·ˣ
ǧԼƣϲѣİ취ãҹµ·ˡ
ŶƤԿ䣬֪ĶȻ಻ʤ
ǧһЦͻȻйܣҪˡ
Ҳı仯ɳһͣǱ̬ŸովҪˣиǰ˽ס
ǧûõֹȾͿʼ
ɲǣһͼǧԺУǺһƬҫ۵Ļ⣬ڽųΪɫʣʶ̽룬ҪӽƬ𺣡
ͻȻ
ʢƺҪɾ
ǧη壬ٴʶ̽Уâȼղϣһųһһ޴Բ㣬ֻգۼͿǧڡ
ܵһϮǧƺһҧסһϴ
ȶһһǧоԼ񱻻𿾣·ֻҪһ¾ͻᱻ죬򴽣ŲԼг
Ҳ֪˶ãֳҸʧǧҲʱۡڵ˫˿մȾһĨ⣬һҫ۶Եżֹܡ
ǧǳǳеĻâҲȻʧˣԼƣɲһĨЦ۵
нˡǻϵף
ǧƽȹϵվһͷãû뵽ֽˣε׷¼㾹øˡ
ǧЦĸ϶ܲˡ
˿ռ䣬ǧ߳ŵԺɢ
ɴɴƿԺŽʱͿվԺժŻ棬ģʺȫˣɴɴһ㶣æǰһǧʲôʦ˵㻹أһضԾкܴ󸺵
ǧŪŻ䣬һνûµģ·ˣ㲻õġ
ģɴɴһţֻһģôȫˣ
ǧΣģҪ̫á
ɴɴ뵹Ҳ˼֣ǧ˱Щ̬ó˵۹˵ˣȻӦǺˡ
˵Ǿͺ˰ɡɴɴ´ۣȱ״̬Ҫã۵ƺΪǿ˼֡
ϵף
ɴɴȻɴ۾һ˼ʲôʱ׵ģҼǵҲŻϵĽ׶ѡ
ǧУոս׵ģǴʦϵҩƷ޸ԵʣֻǽȪˮԵʣôˡ
ɴɴ죬治֪˵ʲôˡ
ȪˮΪν׵Ѹٻһأ
Ǹ̬ɴɴ߷ֹͻȻһ٣һָӵǧ
ǧЩڣΪң
ɴɴزס£˼ڿڵ˵׷ʱ򲻽ûϵħֵʹϵħѵ˫ϵħʦ
ȻˣǧҲûҴţʵпɣҲǳСˣû˫ϵӵлϵϵ
ɴɴٴŴͣ˵
죬Ϊ˫ϵֻڴ˵ڣû뵽˿̾ǰӵħԪйΪǿϵħ
ϵΪףϵ֮ǵȼһЩǧС
ɴɴɴϵıķḻʡ
ǧһЦؿʵ˫ϵбҪô𣿡
ǣ
ɴɴһۣҪѪõԴ츳ˣ㾹һνͻŷע⵽Լ㵹òصû
صֻⲻҪ鷳ǧһۣ̫֪ҾͲ̫ƽˡ
ɴɴͬصͷҲԣ˫ϵϡ϶£㣬£ɱģ뽫ɱҡУ´ʦıɡǲġ
ʦ⼸ۣǧʲôû˵



336 ҶỤȫ

ˡɴɴЦʣ֪մʦȥʲô𣿡
ű´͢Ҫ£ǧһ˵
ɴɴЦⰻȻǻȥ˽ˡ
˽£ǧ£ʲô˽£ʦҲ˽𣿡
ɴɴüЦȻ˽ˡ
ǧһʱûӦҺʲô˽£
Ȼǳ¶ɴɴЦ۵׵ɫŨʦһȥָˣ˵ԸҹѰ˸ƵգͶʮպѰ˼ʮպ㾭õӣʦǺＱ
˵ţɴɴ죬Ц
ָʵȥ׵ˡǧԴЩհף䶯Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
ɴɴҾŴʦļˣͱһ죬ȥֱ˴ͤ˵ʦͤûʲôɫǺ޵ģʮϲ졣
ǧ򴽲û˵Ҫޡ
ұΪմʦӻ¹һҲᶯġɴɴͣ죬Ҳġ
ǧ˫ֽգ׸ӣʦǷˣȻҲ
Ļ
Ȣ޾Ȩ֮ƣĻϲ
ǧ򴽣ζ²͸˼
ɴɴ˵ЦţһֱΪġ
Ҳǡǧૡ
ɴɴԺд˻ͻȥˡ
ǧվԺУʵܲסӣֽ뵽ռ俪ʼ
һֱ˺ü죬ۿһһãڴڼξ˼һδһۡ
ǧժ˶仨ͷ˼֡
ʱ򡭡
֨߹һԺűƿ
θֽʱͿվԺУеĻòӡ
ԺŹϣվԶҲ߽㾲
ǧ滨̫רעֱһȵʵִŲԺһʥ˵Ϣ͵زʱҫɫ˲ӳͫ׼䡣
ҫ£׵ķաǶղķΣ
ǧ˫΢ǲԾʦǸæˣôòңʵЩص
η׵ķ裬һ˿һƻˣҲͬ˵ΪþͲµҶΪβ
ǧΪѾˣڴϾ͸ûʲôֱĲϰߡ
û˵һѿסͻȻüĿ΢šҲȾһ㰵ɫð䷽ݹˣˣ
ǧĵ׺Ȼһ󣬾ȫ֪ˣ
ֲ̾ú죬ԭ䷽ˡ
ǧƳۣʲô𣿡
ȪˮҲãʱȽϳδ߽һ𣬡䷽ȻҩЧܺãۣͲ𣿡
ģ̌Ŀ⡣
Ŀĺ䣬ʱ·ܽ˵롣
ǧͷһæǽĿ˻ʵҲ̫ۣ΢̾͹ȥˣʦΪġ
εûģֻǾбȽº͵ķӲƫԵģʵ޴
û뵽ôӣǧ䶯꣬յ˵
ʶԼĿЩ񣬲̾һҲЩԺԷӾͲҪˣһͦľҲá
ԣǧСҲûˣʣ˵ۣͦȥŲ˵Ǹӵ𣿡
û˵
ǧüĿһֵɴɴ˵ʦڲû鷿
ָһľȻȷˣͬ˵һƵգҲͬˡ
ûͬⰡǧۣʦΪأûͬ˵ˣҲԸأ˵ʦֻǲ۾
û뵽㶣Ƭ̲ŵ۾һ£뻤һ£¶Ĳɲδᣬ϶㲻밲ͱҵ֮£ûоܾɡ
˵úͦе
ǧŴ꣬޷
βףζٴδǧҾıɡһΣѹͷǶὫƳȥźԼ˼
˼Ҿ֪ôźˡǧٴζĺǳţʦĻһֱң֮£
ֻҪҵޣҶỤȫһȴǲһֽĶζ
ǧҧͱƻˣֻ໤ô򵥣ûԵʲô˼𣿡
Īʲô
ǧ͵ؽĿջأҲȥûʲô
δΪھֳ֮ϵİ廹ٽ㣬ֻҪ廹ͤܵҵѪް



337 ܳȥѧԺ

ǧָ⣬һֲջ󡭡𣿼Ȼʦ˵ˣپܾǾǲ֪ôô°ɣЩҵŴʦӭȢңýƸʮױһ١
ף֪
ǧһۣ˵һ仰ˡ
νͷ£ݰɣЩ䣬ľá
ǧݣͻȻתתһͻȻþۣЩ߲·ʦҪ㱧ҽȥɣҲο϶ˡ
˸ͣ˫ЩΡ
ƺ
ǧüǿЦ㲻ҾͲȥˣ紵ҲֻǻȾ纮ѣް
Ļ䣬ξᱧڻУȫӦĻᡣ
ǧһ㶣ϸĸ첲ʶȦסεĲһɲ֮úýܱ˴˲ƣ˲ѡ
ǧ覴õĿգ˿žƺ綼
ëͺſɰȣ˫Ҳڲ˸ͨ͸ȻܾЩˣ
ƿţνϡ
ǧڴϣʶסһͷʵʦԵôʹЭ𣿡
ѿڣᡣ
ǧ˫˵˵ǲͬģ
򴽣ֱûпڣ·ǻûȷ𰸡
˵ǧемȸԾģͳǾ䲻ᣬоԺ˲һ
ǧﴽǷڳ޲ñͷڴϹȦ
λ侲ÿɻã
ɺˣԴǧһáǧգգ۾̫ܸоԼ㣬ʦܻѧԺ𣿾㲻ѧԺȥӶܾԼҪˡ
֪вסղſסҲ֪ѾãίҲˣвסȥɣҪס̫֪𣿡
ǧӦзִġ
γзִá
ǧĵ׻ϲСҲһЦ⣬˲޲ѣھȥɣҸоھͺģһ㡣
ȥɣɫѾˡ˵
ǧɵͷðɣǾģȥ
üۻͣһĨȣˣīǧ⽫ϹԲ͵ģĿֻΪ˹㣬ڱŭǧĳͷֻ²ᡣ
ǧüиֳһĨ⣬֪ǧɵģΪһ䣬û뵽īˣͦ
λص֮Уܸɵġ
˵ҲΪ谮ǧƬ̣ʵʦñ»ǧĴ
ۣɲһâ۵ת˲꣬ڼ䲻ѧ̤ѧԺ
ǧ΢ƣЩͷȻΣǧӽ˵Ҫܡ
ѧÿΣ
һǿʳʱ²пܱ˳Խοꡣ
˵ѧԺȸ½ţƵѧԺǱѧԺѧĸѧԺҪǧ⣿
ǧҲˣǧٷ϶ɫκԴǧֽСû˼ֹ֧ÿܻȹ硣
ʱǧٷΪ˼棬ȥ˵檡
뵽˴ǧ𴽰꣬ͷȷЩϹԲ̹ϵȸ½ĹˣȻᷣ
ε͵ÿһȷ÷
ǧЦЦͻȻһתʵǧѩΪأϾǧѩʥŮ»᲻ӣ
ᡣҡͷϹԲ̷±¾ѶǸˣԲײǹϡ
ԣǧǰ˼֡
ʰǧ⣬ǧıӦˣʵ
εĿ䵽ϣֵЩӣǧҿܻǧ飬õξԼá
ңǧЩЦûݣûλʲô
˵պҵޣȻղͬ
ǧЦ𣬡ԭˣʱ˵ɡ
εڴߣǧͷڴϣҲ֪˶þ˯ȥ
ա
ǧװһ͸ȥѧԺ
¼ͱѧԺ͵ϹԲ̣ڰῪʼͱǧ¾˸ת䣬û͵ûйᣬ˴˵е˫ϵֱʦձҪɻ顣
գ֮ʹӹϮӮңɰŪۺ첻ѡ
ǧѧԺСϣܾЩѧڿԼ߻ֹ۲ͣǧǣתСľݵķȥ
û߼ͱһŮסˡ



338 ҷǳ֪

ǧʶ½ŲʱͼϹһ
߽ǧżɽʵϹٵʦסҺ£
¼Ҷ˵ˣǰҲΪ͵ϹԲ̣ڰᣬϾͽƷȻϹ˵
ǧЦ𣬡лϹٵʦΡ
Ϲһֵۣ׷ʱҲ˵ˣû뵽㾹ܴ׷˫ϵħʦұһֱΪҪΪͽҵȫˣȷڲͬ
ǧ¶̲סʵϹٵʦҼҵʦϵܺã
Ϲһ㶣ĵһĨɫò㻵ʵıҵһԸˣ˵˵°ɡ
ǧĪҵ£
ϹָɫЦ˵ҪʹʦˣұΪʦ¹һû뵽㾹ˡ
ǧһ㶣٩ЩϹٵʦͱȡЦˡⶼʲô°һȫ֪ˣ
ϹȻʦػǳףȻٹע
ǧָ⣬ԼǺͷγףЩտ϶Ἧġ
ϲɣ
ǧһ£һ񺮶ʱϮ
ϹҲЦˣֱӴӿռָȡһ䲻ĵʦͦĵҪͷҲûʲôöŰⶫ͸㡣
˵ţͽд򿪣ɲǣһҫ۹âӽ͸
ǧһͿһ鰵ɫħ޾ˣǡһ߽ħ޾ˣħ޵ĵȼʥҡ
죬ϹĵȼҲžŽңȻܿ缶ɱôǿħޣɼʵĲ
Ϲٵʦöħ޾Ҫңǧʡ
Ϲڣ޷öħ޾˱ͬʦһɱģʱңûã̳ˡ
£ǧȱн׺͸߽׵ħ޾ˡ
еöħ޾Ѳڸ߽׵ķΧˣܰǳİܵһٿ߽׵ħ޾ˡ
ǧҲ飬ܿˣҾлϹٵʦˡ
£ϹЦŨлֻǼͶԵˣˣȥʦɣЩû϶㡣
ǧЦ
ֻľưɡ
ǧ˸תСľݵķȥ
СľݸԶͿһϡ
ǧ߽ҲûҪ˼
߽Զ˶ʦһΪ˴ʦҡ
ǧɫһô˶˵ʹʦ
ں˵ҵľˣڲȫ޸ãڴڼҶµ·ɰұﻵˡ
ΰ޸ģʡ
ǧ
㵹ġӣһһ˵Ҽǵ÷һֻޱȵѩΣѩеѪ޸ãԼ᲻óû뵽õϡ
ѪѩΣ
ټ
ЩʲôΪ˾ԼȻԼ֮νأǾЩûҪ
ǧ࣬һʱζӣҲû뵽õϡ
̸Σת׾ͽĿ䵽ǧϣʣôһӣ
ǧûѺӷŽȥӰϹٵʦҵġ
Ϲһ䣬ЩŹ֡
ǧͷ˵Ǹҵĳ
뵽ԼͷϽͰ͵ģװʲôûУʲôͱָˡ
ǧЦûָյͦرжһʦάָоͦá
װһʵװʲô
ǧӴ򿪣һâ˲һöȽϸ߽׵ħ޾ˣǴʥħԴڳģޱȡ
һԺжʱ˺ܶණ󶼹ƽЩȻȷǴʥħԴڳģʱҺϹһŽͷħɱҾþɫѿͽϹû뵽ôõ
ǧ͵͵۲ɫᵽϹʱ鲢ôĮȻ
򴽣ſڣ˵᲻ã˵ʲô⺬أ
Ħžƺ«û˵
ǧ죬˼ʳ˿ڣﵼʦǰʲôΪ˻˵㹴ڰ᣿Ϊαģ
ʱڹˡ
֪һۣĵϷ롣
ǧͷ롣



339 

ľϣ˿ھ渵ǰĸĻϵħʦǴ½ϵţ˭˳ۣ˭ƣȻҲ˲ٳԹ
ϵ
ǧĿڰϻιôûϵħʦö࣬ʶ˾ǣټϰһѾˣ
룬Թ˵һҴѧȥ¥Уû뵽ħͻȻߣҼǵʱ˲ѧ뵽¥еȫˡ
ȫ𣿡ǧͷ˽˵Ҳһٶ˰ɣ
ûȫǺѧԺľӢѧԺԴ˼Ϊӣ¡˿ھƣ˲ˣһĨȾС
ǧû˵ôûô򵥡
ѧԺЩħ飬϶źڰϢ˵ü·Щǿп޵ģǴӵʦȻҲǼ֮С
ǧľܾýһ޴תۡ
ƮƮŶϼ⵽˺ڰϢ
ǧһƣΪλ⵽Ϣأ
ҡҡͷҲǰ˼⣬֪䵽ģǹʵΪϢͽҹѺƺѾȫ϶ҹ˺ڰᡣ
ܺܵǧȴһ˿ŭ⡣
ǳŭ⣬ƺδڹ
ǧλĲ̫صĻʵҲܲϲͷҲŬȴֲ÷򴽣ںʣѺַ֮ʲôأ
еľƺ«£Ļ䵱УѺ֮Ҿϵ˵ʵۻѹҵӣеѳһͺڰż
żǧһ㶣뵽ǧⰵԼϷ룬üͷһ˷Žȥİɡ
ȻûйڰżУҲɵڷѳ
ǧң϶Ͱżˣǲɵ
ǹʵƫҡۣЩҧ½ϵ˸Ƕ֮Աǣǰжߣ˺ͽˤжͣһȺ֮ˡ
ǧӹ磺Щձˣûоϲ磬ǽͷݡ
ִƺ«ϸϸƷһڣŵȥһй˰£ʵ۱뽫ʩԻ̣ɴʦʱվ˵ЩżǷģṩһЩ֤ݣʵȻ˴ʦĻ



340 һѧԺй

ȻѾżǷģΪʲôϴҪ˵Ǹǧѯʡ
˵˵ˣ;һ˵ף˵żǷģϵĺڰϢȴ޷һʱⰸ˽֣ʵ۱뽫УʱѧԺѦԺȴվΪ飬ֽҴﱣ˳
ǧ򴽣Ҳ˵ӵڻ
ֲõʱλ˵Ǹԭӻûꡭ
ȷûʵΪ֤ݲ㣬ѦԺϲܽΣĵȴȻ϶ҹ˺ڰᡣ
ǧ²ԣʦΪ˽ͱµĽģǰâ¶¶Ѱұɶ֣
ͷȷһЩһۣͦǵģ֮󣬷Ҳоƺȣо˯ûзȥЩ߲ȵ͵ǽͷǣֱɡ
˵˾ͽȥˣ
ǧüЩʦû嵱ʱڰϢԴ
ָһɵʱڰϢͻȻ޴ӲֹôЩ޼ѰҾá
һתǧ̲סȥʦʲô
ƺ«һƶѧԺǱźڰˣǱز֪ºڰϢҷвż
ôһ㣬ǧҲˡ
ֻ֪ѧԺһе˲˶˵
ǧȻɴ۾ܾЩľڹ˺ܾܿѧԺеĵʦ
ҲôġǧĿ⣬ڵͫۼҲյǷϾ뵡ѧԺʦڶ࣬ڰֺǱأҪҳǸڹֻºѣҲڹֹһˣѧҲ˵кڰˡ
ڰ˱鲼½֮նɱ
Ǻͳ죬أҪȫҳȵ컹ѡ
ǧſˮͷƤЩˣǾ̫ˣʤ
ڰһֱ½ĲܷͲ˵սľˡ
ʦ¸ΣǧʣǲӦòڹ˭
ɡᶨڰ֮¸ӣƾһֻ֮ȥָովһѣֻ£ڰѾˣѾƽϢನδҪСһЩԷ⡣
ǧҧ̾Ϣһˡ
նɱſȸ½˿ֻţȻ¼ֵĻ̻̣ĿĲȴ϶ԼǴҵǧݺ֮ôɹкڰڹƲ
ݺ֮ƲɣҲֻǴһˣһ˻ſԻ㣡
ǧָܾѧԺ֮أѾûʲôˡ
һۣҲ̫ģպڰ磬Ⲩڹ͸Ъˣôȥܿͻᱩ¶Խļƽ
ǧ˿
ڴڼҪԼĿȻ˫ϵȻ󲻷ǳɳԺ󽫻ǶԸڰʱٸ㣡
Ըڰ
˵ϲ
ǧй⻪ɣһŬΪǱרŶԸڰ
ڰẦʦͽˣ׷Ź
ˣǱѪ﷨ɴϣͻȻʡ
ˡǧѪ﷨ȡ
һɲǣ貶Ŀĺ˵۾Ӧ˺⣬ŽĿͶڷϣҴһžɽѰģʱزԼˣϧʼղΪ
ǧзȣڴȵʱ;ӵԣԼǳϡ
˿̵ҫ۹âұδġǧ˵һֱԼԼˣǸ˻㣬һֱԣȴ֪ӺζǺԺлȥ½߶ҪȵԺҲܳΪԿڰ
ǧҲȲͬѰȻҪģȴ֪ʱȥ½ߡ
֪ġ
ͷȼ̫ͣǼȥɡ
ǧ򴽣ȸ½Ϸִ壬û߳أ֪ˣȼ˸ˣҶҪȥ硣
ɢؿľϼȾƣǷˡ
ǧһۣ֧֧̾˵ﵼʦлյľ֮



341 Ը޸

ڰ֣һνҵͽܣӦõģ˻˭ƣ
ǧ֪ƹ˵ʲôû
ؿͱǰϹתˣøȥϢôѵ͵
ǧһ飬ת뿪ˣ
뿪Сľݣû߼ī衣
ī۾һȦЩɫźû˯õӡ
ģ̌Ҫ߹ȥȴīѾɱ뿪˵ȴīһѱ˻С
ǧɴ۾һʱûӦιʲô
֣˴Ӳš
˵ʸʩ׷ʱûмʱϵȴ˵Ѫܣƺˡīˣ¼ģҾͷˡ
ǧգգ۾ī边˹Щܳˡ
īĺ󱳣ӾȻһССŮҿܳ
㲻ֹһŮīૡ
ǧĪʲô
īЦ죬°
Ҳ¡ǧĺ󱳣ֻ֪ôȥҾͿˡ
īԣæǽſˣͷЦЩȣ治ǹģҾ̫˶ѡ
ǧ·ϵ壬˵޷
īΪץ֣ʵ𣿡
뵽͵֮īģЦЦҲĹ˲٣ѾˣǴʦ޸ľļӻ𣿡
˵ΣīеЦ£ĨɫʣʦȻˣҲû˸ľ
ҪȢ޵ľҲҶ˵һ֡
ҪȢľȻǧ
ī΢΢սȭͷ⸴ӵЩ䡣
ǧЩԾ̲סʵīû°ɣ
īȻҡҡͷû£ˣȥԷɡ
ǧ۾һգԾˣī裬û£ƽʱһëΪνҪҳԷˣ
īɫ˾
һëΣӡô
û£ԷֻΪף㾭ɹ޸Ѳ㲻ӣī跢ʣĺڻģʵڽԾܾ
ǧ룬̾ЭˣȻ̣Ҿȴ֮ˡ
īϲȥϴε¥ɺã
ǧĶͦóԵġ
¥ｻ̴ϣīĳͺܿͶһϺõż䣬һǰһ룬ɲǣڵ̴ζƮǼ⡣
ǧѡһλ¡
ī˷䣬£Щʲô
ǧֵڴ䣬Ǿ¥еƲˣʵϴλδԵþˡ
īһС׼ȥˡ
ǧ˱Ƕ̾ʳָˡ
ִӿʼԣÿһóԵզࡣ
īĬĬֻԵúܿȴ³ζʱ۾һȦƯһźڱʯѡ
ǧĿ⣬̲ס̧ͷ￴ң԰
ī蹴ЦͬһĨůҾÿ̲ס࿴㼸ۡ
ǧеĿһһ񺮣Ҳ֪ī赽ĸˣȻ˵ôֵĻ
ҿ㻹ǳԼʳɡüʵҾر𲻶Ծǲ岻
īͷÿһϸ죬ͦõģһҾ;ԼЩԾܾʲôסһ
ǧƤ񶼳һȶУԸȲԣ˵ЩʲôֵֹĻˣЩܲˡ
īǣһܡ
ʾôˣΪף
ˣֻͿʼ˰ɣϾˣʣļ֣ʵĳȺÿһģĶҩÿÿϮܻԽԽҲ
Щˣȴ֮¡
ͷƤ飬ǧʵ̲סֱӸ¿ӵī裬˵ԷʲôĿģᣬҺһSSSɣ
īȻеЦ⵭ЩãԷģ
ѵǣǧ
īܵУһһëεˣ
ǧЦ𣬡ѵǣ
īٴδܣ̾˿ŵǵԷ˼𣿡
ǧۣӳðɣһΡ
īҲӣԵس˼ڣ̧Ŀ䵽ǧϣԥƬ̲ſڵǧʵ㲻ü޸εģҲԻһȫԸ޸ң



342 ɱ˼

ǧںô˵㽫֭
֭£ſ˵ī˵ʲô˵һ飿
ī趨һ˿⣬޸ңҲԻһȫ
ǧü΢΢һǲ˰ɣЩǲ˵ģǱֻŮˡ
īüЩˣ˵ģӣǼ޸ҵʱ˭۸㣬Ī⣬޸һõѡ񡣡
ǧӵĪҪҪ¶ѡһλ²ż汸߹ҡ
īۣеЦȫɢȥεãԸѡѡң
ǧ治֪ڳʲô裬һëѾͷʦӶҪŻȫ˹ˣ
Ƿοʵˣ治޵ġ
ʦѾڱǰ˵Ƕ۾ǧг⣬ٺһţŮ׾ͷŹˡ
īһǳĬˡ
ǧҲû˵ô
˰Σīʵ˵γֻȨ֮ƣ
ǧƬ̣ǵ˵ͷֻȨ֮ƶѣ˵ǳϲһŮӣֻȨ֮ƣʦĻ¶һ·˶໤òһ⣿
ī۾ʵҲԣϲһŮӣʲôǶܻᳬʵ벻ͨЩʲô
ǧЦĬϡ
û˼ҲûУ԰ɣīʵ
ʲô˼ǧЩĪǴʦңˣ¡
ī󣬴ߵЦŨˣ̫ˡ
ǧĻЩ֣ôʲô㲻ʲô˼ɣ
īһ㶣ʶӣ򶨵ʲô˼ֻǷʵڸ޴˾;Ԩʲô˼ûУҲˡ
㻹ġǧüξҲȸĴʦȻʲô֮١
ī迴ۣ˵õҲԡ
ǧЦЦû˵ˡ
īִַ£̲סһ䣺Ǹǳ֮ɱʲô˼Ҿûġ
û
ǧָͷҲһ£Ц£ôүүһҶ˵˲б˼Ͳᡣ
ī̯֣Ц𣬡ⲻǵ;𣿡
ǧ̾ûô
˵īͻȻʲôһ˼֣Ҷ˵ˣ㾹Ȼ˫ϵħʦƽɲصù
Ū˶Ϊֻǻϵȴӵϵ
˫ϵħʦ亱īüĿЩ
ǧһۣǹ𣬡ϲ͵鷳ڻδǿʱȻ̫ߵˣ׷֮ʱʹϵħʵ֮١
īͬصͷô͵Ҽֵͣ˾֪ˡ
ɾ͵Ůӣˡ
ī贽𣬿ôƲ۾ˣ͵ȷǺãѾ֪Ŭɡ
ǧЩҶ֪Ŭ϶Ҫġ
īЦЦ㲻˵
˼ԲˣȫĶ졣
㷹ī͸꣬ʵǴʱף
ЩƵǧʵصһ㣬׻ֻˣû뵽ʱ侹졣
īͣǰҪ˵ĻȥȻֻǼٳףǳ׵գҶһݺ񡣡
ǧЦŵ٩һëεֵƷˣ
īٴ·ˇ壬ܱܲô˵ң治
Ǿöͦ棬û뵽Ѹٹ̡
ǧֻЦ
ǰ˳ȥҩ䱦Щī󷽻˶ۣŪΪˡ
ˣȻҪġ
궫ǧ͸ϵһԺţͿվڴǳǳ
ǧŹϣĿ⽻һ
󣬾㾲վǿſ˵滨£һɲǱΪ羰ܱߵҲ΢ͬˡ
Զż֮Ʋۡ
ǧϷ׷ɵҫǣԭ˼߽˼ʵʦڿ죬ҵ𣿡
ο翵ͤеѾȫˣ㣬ȥѧԺ𣿡



343 Ƹ

ǧ˫̺ĺȥѧԺˣҲȥﵼʦˣͬ˵һЩ飬ҾЩȻľ
Ѿ³˵ʲôƬ̲ȷϲһ˿ڰϢϢΪڰ֤ݣɾ˻ǲܲϢĳҲˣ˻ס
ǧľܾ÷ʲô֪һԼûƵġ
˴ʵʦҲ޷Ϣĳ𣿡
ҡͷ̾ϢϢʵ̫ˣɼڰ֮˵Ľ
ǧֵڴ䣬˼Ƭ̲ſڵʦﵼʦΪѧԺкڰˣΪΣ
ۣʵ棬ʵҲ뷨ɺڰأҪһһʵѡ
ǧʦ޲ߣֲⰵڹø½Ϊͷۡ
μ࣬οڰȻһᱻǲҲ̫ģרͳɡ
֪ǧٴοרעﵼʦ˵ڰ˿ܶˣε˳ɹкڰڰƲ
΢΢£ָ⣬пܣεжѾȸ½ǿ˽䱸ҲٲˣҲỤȫ㲻ؽǡ
ǧ䶯ǣⷬŪĿͣ
Ƴͷʲôû˵
ǰָͷḧһ£գޣ
ޣ
ģ̌һ˲Ͷ˫ӣҲǧңܾܲҳޣ
εԡ
ǧüĿһգͲΪβǧң
οĿмȣֻҪϲá
ǧŵȻջĿ⣬Ҳ˲˼֣ţǾҰɣͦϲģɴɴҲ
û˵ͷϵȴûջء
ǧܵͷϴ⣬һʱĻͦ
΢΢ȻԼѾħˣʦЩҪ𣿡
ûˡյڷϣỺɷǺһὫȫ
ǧĪ
ᵯĶͷƴһĨЦ⣬Ƹ񡣡
Ƹ
ֻȨ֮ȻŪƸ񡭡



344 ʮһ

ǧһӾöеգü򶨵ӭϷεߣ֪ˣһǵյġ
վڹӰУζպԼޣΪξУ
һֽĿƿ嵭ѣպ㡣
ǧֻ˶ƮƮģ³ɶ֣ǾЩ˼顭
νͷϵͷƿ
ˣǧЩʧü
Ժд˻뿪ˡ
գûҹ˼Ƹ񣬶Ҵˡ
ǧϵʱ㱻һҪƸҲɣôʵЩˡ
ǧС㣬ƸĿҹһɫݵǧֱߡ
ǧӹҳ۾ֱˣȫǸָǽһħ޾˶˵ֱ
ܿ죬ͽˣƸѾ˶Թˣҹʦûʲô
ҹޱ˵պȥ
ǧһЦ⣬ߴʦ
ҹ޷ӾҪ׵ʵ
˷䣬Ųҵ˳ȥ
ҪˣƸ׼ôֱ࣬ǰͤĲֿⶼ˹ɼжӣ
ҹһߣǧŪħ޾ˣһǧöнħ޾ˣǼһпڸˡ
ǧʦ治ȻˡɴɴŵϵļӣĽЦ
ǧǳһЦҲû뵽ʦ׼ôࡣ
ǶӣԵ˳ôƸ񣿡ɴɴ
ǧ򴽲
ЩֻʵۿģûʵۿʦжӣԴеɱ⡭
ǧһͲˣܾԽԽơ
ЩƸȫռ䣬һҴͱˡ
ɴɴƸȫʧЩʧôȫŽȥˣһûأ
ǧǳЦҽЩƸŵ㷿Уһӿ
ɴɴ֣Ǳ˰ɣЩǴʦƸҿɲ¡
ǧص᷿ȴͻȻ뵽ʲô½Ųʦûͬү˵Ҫޣ
ɴɴ˵ˣʦҪҵȻͬģһ֮أϾʦ˭Ϲϵ
⻰˵õҲʵڣǧЦŵ˵ͷʦݵȷ󡣡
˵һǧͻصСԺ
ղƸлһ֬Ƕͨɫȥ⻬Բ󣬻һϸϸ͸
Ƿڳ֮մ֧ӣֻȨ֮ƣȴҪһ
ǧӣЩ
ռ䣬ٿ
պ
ĳ֮ա
ϼζ׼ãֻҪúװһͳˡ
һǧͱһѾװ磬ľżˡ
貵̽ڣ쳣ҷ£ÿһΪϸϵƷɼζԳ֮µӡ
װģҲ֪˶ãǧǴˣͼͭе˶װͬŮһϯ۴һ˲ñȻһ㽿ޡ
ǳǳ𴽽ǣ˫ͬǳͷϵķҲŶ졣
Ϻͷʱǧǰ߾ͱھˣѾߵĲ½Сϵ漫Ϊ
һ·ǧԼҪ˯ˣʱ򡭡
һյľϣǧ˯ȫɢˣʶƿӳ⿴ֻһۣɴ˫ȫǰľ¾סˡ
ʮﳤ֣һ
ͷ紵һ£ܿγһɫֱ̺̺ͨʹڵͤ
£һʢӣֲðջ˾棬ԣЩǷ׼
Ϊ׼ʮױ
ǧſ֣һƬһУĻżζ
ʱһ
ʮױĲãϲ
뿪ʮﳤ֣빬š
ؽֵİָָ㣬ƺ޷Ҫ׵ʵ
ʦȢ˭ҵĹ
˵ǧҵǸǧ
һٴξǰɣôǧ˵ʥŮǧѩһţǧϴʦ
˵ǧ˫ϵħʦʹʦҲġ
Ҳ֪λô˵һ䣬ʱ䳡ˡ
ʦ󲻷
˫ϵ亱Уͦ䡭
ǧĻѾ˻ʳǣԣǵΣǽᶨˣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
Ƭ̣ξͣͤſڡ



345 

γףմһߵĴ׷˿ͷ̽ڣӭˡ
ƿӣǧ֡
͸ͷǧ˫˳֣㽫Լִ棬һ˲΢¶ƮȻ㽫ӻǣ
ֻǣһʱǧͷӡ
ֱ쳣ʮůʮְġ
߸ߵ̨ףͤУɲǣһɻζƮǼ⣬ǧҲ֪ʲôʱģӳʱѾ鷿ڴˡ
ǷΪ׼Ļ鷿뿴ʲôġ
ǧŲܹŴʲôǣֱӾͰѸͷƵˣĿһƬ죬ʣıڰȼյҲǻġ
ϻƣû뵽ʲô׼ˡ
ǧùŴĻ鷿˼վ˸飬ٿʱȴű֨߹һ򿪡
ǧ΢΢סȥҲǣվҲǣһʱ䲻֪ôˡ
νŹϡ
˱Ͳϲ֣ǳδϲɫȻ֪ӣ˭Ҷ
ԣˣȻԶͷˣڻ鷿ܣֵЩЦá
߽ʣʲô
ǧĹҲһ˦ƴʦҲõĻ鷿Ǻģ̲סˣӦòɣ
ƻ𣬷ڶһ˫˫ͬ飬貲ļ´գϲ磬ȴ֪һȴͬɡ
ƽ䣬ɽգһ˿˿Ķݡ
ĿЩȣúÿ𣿡
鷿еÿƷȻǺÿġǧվһϽԴź£һ˲ϲǳ
οס󣬽ߣ¡
ǧɻͷϵķٴζ죬࣬ô
ͷӦơգۣ˳ĽëȾŵƻƽ˼ůɫȻˣЩϸڹػҪġ
һ˿ůɫǧͱƻˡ
Ŀ⣬ȴ˴ϣδü˵Щʲôһͷ͸˲Ŀĺɫ
ĳ˽ͷ
һ˲޵ӳУǧ΢΢̧ۣĿ䵽˷εϣƻµ⣬Щºɫ
νϵĺƶ˰ɡ
ǧʲôû˵ֱ۽ʱͷⱭơ
ƣƣºǷεˡ
ǧ˵ľƱϣͷȴǲѣȶͰ뿪ЦԺ󲻸ýʦˣܾЩ衣
ξʾ˵ȥ
ѾףҵķӦû㡭ǧй⻪ǡǳ
嵭ϸϸŴŴĲζرˡ
ָͫԵɴ˼֣һŹƽϲνУνаɡ
δݣǧЩܣüƣӦνأӣˣԵʲô
ζãȴǱտڲԡ
ǧ̾˿һʵۿ£ĳƺΣһжǼٵģʹã˺ơ
һ翣˿ȴȾһ⣬
ǧǰûԼжڱôһԼֺˣȫʤС
㻽ٻһǧüôߡ
λˣֻ
ǧܾã͸һҵĻɫһϲ̲ססε֫ٻһ
ůȶȣ·ܽġδĿ䵽鶯ڵϣƿֻһ
ǧȻֱӱƻˡ
֣ͷϵķժ¡
һ˲ٲķ˿£ڼͷӳţ˵ζ
һۣü֮ɴݲѡ
ǧֻͷһᣬϲת˼²ӣ̾ղǸܾǧأѹҶ촭ˣұ뽫ժ£뵽رȽ϶࣬ûҶ֡
βḧĺڷǴ죬ȻЩء
һǽģ
ǧۣһƴ֡
βĬĻ
ҹɫأλûҪ뿪˼
ǧüķڲϲѲɴʦų׵Ļᣬ磿
ǧȴʲôûʳڡ
֪ʲô㽫ĿͶ



346 ˯һ

ǧһʶ££½н䱸
οľٶһȻѾ˾Ҫȫףǽȥˣ˿ᴫ¶ʱֻ鷳
ԣ붴ǧ֮ȴһĨζɫ뿪ˣ
ζ̾Ϣʲô
롣ǧüʾһֻԽսԽµСޡ
ζӣȾźϼһĨ֮ɫֿסȻһ
ܿ죬˫˫ڴϡ
ǧδü˵ʲôξ콫˸ס
΢΢˯ɣҲʲô
ǧĺ󱳣˵ֻǸޱ˯ܸ߰һ󱳣
򴽣һ֮ɫ
һ˺޷ԣȻ޷֮ɫʦʲôȻˣ
ǧյر۾׼˯
ڰ˯֮ʣξһֻ֫Сֲסˡ
βͼǧ޷˯ţĽǶȿĽëر˳ǳÿ
ΣὫֽÿ³
ǡ
ûÿãǧֲˣֽŲãûǳ
̾ϢҪٴÿȴúýӲ϶Ὣѣٴֻ̾ա
Ϊ䣬ΪӦúϽû뵽˯
ٶȱۣš
֪ʱǧৡһ¾ͽˣĺ󱳣¶Ц⣬ָֽ˽øˡ
ζҲúš
գǧʱѾˣһߵ¶ҲʧѾ˺ܾá
ǧڴץԼͷ뵽챧ŷ˯һҹС
ħˣ
϶Ǳù֣ԲŻ֮٣
ǧϴŸ߳鷿ͼҹ˹ǧСˣǧ֮ͤ⣬ǲ
ҹеᣬӵϱзӦûɣ
ǧ֮ˣǧüǧٷ绹ǧѩǶΪǧҳȥǡ
ҹһ㶣
ǧϲ徲ҲЩ˵ĵȾƬ徻֮ء
ҹһ㶣ȴʲôû˵
ǧţһȥͿǧٷǧѩվ棬ȻѾȺʱ˵ɫЩá
ǧٷŭŮóˣ
ǧͤŹϣ˸Ƿճ׶ۻˣŸոˣⲻˡ
ۻˣǧѩϵЦЩףʹʦ
ܣʦΪ䣬ô¶
֪ߡǧٷһŽյĴţɫˡ
Ůվͷ˵
ǧ֮·Ǵ綼˲ʱȻǻ۵ģΪ˵ʲôأ
ǧٷɫף˵ġ
ǧšüЦν£
̬ˣǧٷ޲óšԴҧгݣվͷ˵ʲô֮
ʲôͷ˵ˡǧһףҼҷҲ֪ģϲ֣ҽͷŽ϶᲻˵ġ
ˣ
ǧٷؿŭȣŮҿˣ
ǧѩɫҲЩѿõʥŮ֮⣿
üЦâЩãǵĵˣõվſ˵ʼղǱ˿Ҫ˵ˣ
ұǧüȫ½˭˵ģ
ɫøѿǴʦĵ̣ǲҰҲֻܷˡ
ǧٷ粻ںŵǽղ㳳ģмæ
Ұæʲôǧ֪ǵ⣬ȴ֪ʵ
ǧٷü˵ȻҶ㱻УõǲӦóЩ취ȳ
ңǧָָԼЩҲһСѾͷָոб¾
ǧٷĿضǴʦޣȻܾġ
ǧѩŸֻͣҪȥʦ˵һΪ飬ʱ¶Ὣ÷ˡ
λǲǧⷸʲôǧЩЦÿ͵ϹԲ̵ĴûнѾʴȣҼҷȻĻ£ҲǸ˽֮ˣȥΪһ
ɫ׵÷ѿ



347 ξ˺

ǧٷҧֱǰҪקסǧֱۡ
ǧһɶ
ǧٷץһգɫѿҪˣҲȥʦ飬˵ôһ󴮳ʲô޸˴ʦҲԼݣǧҵŮǧæ㲻Ҳð

ǧǴ۽ˣ˫ֻأӣҲ˵͵ԲҺվһŮ˶񶾣ʵûС
Ļһ٣üšҲǧˣֻǱǼģǧҶ㣬Ҳݺҡ
֪ԼǧٷſˮЩ㣬Ƭ̺üٴȻǱΣЩǧҵĸֻʮﳤ֣ƲǧҵĹϵΡ
ǧѩҲѵһǰã㲻ǧŮǧҸ㳤ж˵ģ
һһ͵ģǧеЦڿСһǧҴҵĶ¾ǽҹһ𣬷ҲವģĶҿܲ𡣡
ǧѩ˵
ǧٷ֪ǰȷòã֮ɫˣҲ˲𣿡
ǧڰ֣ΣҲ޻˵
ǧٷ纮ٴŭȣǧ㵽װ㣿
ǧԴǼĿҪɱˣٰǾɵˡ
ǧٷָıӣ˵
ǧǲͽЩ֮˰ɡǧѩٷü֮мͱ˵ζԶҲǧң
˾֪ķƾʲô޸Σƾʲôֱ˫ϵ
ƾʲô˸߰ƾʲô
ǧѩҧжһĨɫʥŮӵѪѪֻܻ˵Ŀ⣬ҲֻϷΣ
γǧ
ǧҵķڼҲ˲ٽҡǧѩڽЩӵֽӼ㲻٣װְЩҾߣ˵ҲǧҰɣǻ͹Թȥ㡣
ǧٷĿ𣬡ԣ͸ҹԹ
ǻأǧʡ
ǧѩӹ磬ͺǧ޹ϵˡ
䣬һڽؿǧһõóǧң



348 ǧƲϵ

ƽ϶ò˷κöƸнҾǧЩǵ֮Ҳֵˡ
ҲǧҳϹϵܶϾͶ˰ɡ
ǧȡӣҶǧӦ㹻˰ɣ
˵Բ˫Ŀסˡ
ȻôǮ
ԽԽòԾӺͮͮģ滹дһϲ֣ѲǴʦƸ
뵽˴ǧѩ˶ˣЩƸǷΪ׼ģ׼ôࣿ
ǧѩҲ̲סӴ򿪣һ˲ҵĲýɫӳС
һȷǧǧѩҧϻһ
ҾȻȥˣ緹δԡ˵ţǧתͤС
һŻع
ǧٷ翴Ƚյţĸβѩ˵ʲô̬ȣѲɣǧƲϵ
ЩӲӵĽңǧѩֻԼˣҧҧɱ̬ӦǵģǰЩҾƲϵ֤
Ůǧٷһ
ǧѩӹϣֽȫָռУʹʦȥ˵ˣʦ϶ҲģϾǳҲ֪ʲô˼
ǧٷɫԺһЩҲԣΪʹʦ׾Ѱһɽֱ˵Σʦֻѡ
ǧѩЦŸͣпܣʱʦˣǧƲϵˣټȸ½֮𣿡
ǧٷЦȨƣҲǧƲϵʱܵģʱңҲǧš
ҶˣȻǧŮˡǧѩųʵ¶õΣ
ǧٷǰ˼ͻȻͣµҲԼģ͵Բ˶ŭǸûµʱŪµŭҲᲨ㡣
ǧѩװǵ𣿡
ˡǧٷ翴ǧҵϣǧֻһ˾ͷ˰ɡ
ǡǧѩ˵ͱǧٷϡ
ڰ֣ˣΪһŮµŭֵá
ǧѩ죬治˵ˣɵʹüʱȾ
ͤվ˻ͻȥˡ
ʱǧڴгԷ
⻹һڷμгԷܾЩʵ
Ūſӣס˴ǰ߹ҹأ
ҹͣ½Ųϳˡ
ǧӷµȷλ˵һȥӶˡ
ҹ»˵ġ
ǧʰһ¾뿪
ίȥҩʦᣬһ뵽ãͿλҩС˻īվһϸϸš
һŲī̧һۡ
λϣСˡЦųЩġ
аҪ̧ͷǧڵǰСӣʮնδҩʦᣬ˵˵⵽ʲô
ǧһۣû˵
ǧɫһ壬ӡ
治ǹģμգ޸ҲҪʮգټϻҪסЩʵ̫ࡣ
ǧ̾һ͵Щʵ̫࣬ûҩʦҲԸλԭ𣿡
λϳɫû˵
ī͵͵ǧʹһɫ
ǧһֽۣĿͶλϡ
а룬ȿڵ̬ôϿңϷҲС֮ˣԭɣ´ٷͲôˡ
ǧ֤ٷԺ󶨻׼ʱ
аļЦЩӶȥʲôˣҩ裿
Ҳһ
ǧǵֵЩڣĿҩȻû裬λ뿴һҩ𣿡
а۾𣬡ãһҩǿ
üҲʾЩҩ
ǧЦЦߵǰḧǰĲҩҵоԺ£ٴҩ
ַ죬ۻң㿴Ҳ塣
īַȵŴͣ죬ÿ졭
аûصؽֿͷЦС˻ɿˣҩݵַɲЩϲҩַҲˡ
īţйâ
ҩݣǧһԶҩݵ뵤¯УһɲǣһƻâָԾǰƸΪ˼֡
λϿţк֮ɫĻϵħȻˡ
ʮ﾿ʲô׵ôֱˣ
ǧжྪûŵ¯



349 ҩʦ

ǧַΪ죬Ƭ̺ƾŵһҩζ
īԲ˫ѱˡ
δϵħʦҲ֪ϵħʦĻ澹ôҫƯЩԶҲܸܵȣָоð
λϣСīòһԼ
аӹ磬ȷ㣬ͳǻϵħʦ϶ܳΪһλΰҩʦ
ҲСһīƣһᶨɫ
аֿסԴǾͺúϰɡ
īæͷȷǳ
ǧרҩҩУһ
λȻɴ۾
⡭Ȼҩнˣ
ǧϵĽⲻ£ԽԽƺܽ
λصɴ۾ֹͣˡ
ҲˣȻǸ̬ɣ
īʶԾʵⳤϣСôˣΪɢŽǲǳ¶ˣ
һ˵
а˻˷ӦСֵܵȷǳˡ
īЩˣǸΣҪҪȥ
аҡҡͷã˵Ǻ¡
īԽԽͿˣаϵǺ»ǻ£ôЩ
аǧϵĽʧֿڵҩнˣ˵ǲǴ¶
īһ㶣ȻѾˣ
δ̾꣬аһ䣬һ׵ҩʦƽδˣǴ۽ˡ
ڲۣ

īȻɴ۾ȫ֮ɫСҲ̫˰ɣȻ
а̯̯֣챻ŵˣ˭˵ء
īǧгݣԺҲҪô
Ǳߣǧ֪Լʲôֻоһڣһʲôоˡ
ΪǻϵħܵԵʣҲû룬濪ʼҩûһɸΪŨҩζ
ζλϾ֪Ķ϶ǳá
СֵܾǺˣ
ŵζǧò˾ͽϵħߣһɲǣҩζûб䵭Ũҡ
λϽ۰ͰĿȡ
ǧǵĿŪЩڣʣλΪңòã
аʲôû˵첽ǰͽ¯򿪣ȥͻȻʹסˡ
¯澹Ȼ
ǧɫԾ̲סʵаϣôˣ
аƬ̲Żָŵ¯ʵ㾿ôģȻһ¯ŵҩ
ʮͣһ¯ҲֻһŶѣףһ¯Ƴţˡ
ţ
ǧЩĪգգ۾ղҩЩֽţӦֻһŲŶԣôƳأ
Щţ¯ȥ
ֻ¯еȷŵҩÿһŶΪԲƷʶھʮϣϵȵļƷˡ
⵽ô£
ѵǸղù
ǧһ˲˲ԼƿͻȻںӿʲô۾ɴ˼֣ҩʦˣ
һ֪ģаһſ˵㻹֪Լˣ֪ղɰ𾪻ˡ
ǧ䶯ǣղžȻƤӵҲ̫˰ɡ
ǧ͵͵Ǽۣϳ𾪱ûʲô飬ջĿ⣬Ҳ˿Ҿ벻ЩһֱϰҩһֱղҩʱͻƿԲ
а°͵ͷʱȷȴ֮٣Ǵ۽硣
ǧЦЦû˵
ŵҩƷʶھʮϡǰŵҩϸϸš
ŶѪƺƽ˼֣ͬѪЩĿ
Щ֣̾ò
ǧһ㶣Цл糤Ͽޡ
û˵Ѫطȥˡ
ǧıӰЩΣλ϶Եҩǳԡ
֮ʣаļ򣬵СֵܣԻԾǰ׵ģֻҪΪĽҩʦܱɳɫ£ʱÿȡĽҲܶһЩ
ҩʦĻҲѧʵģһҩʦǰɫ£ĵǳɫߵŽɫʮΪɫʮϻδֻҲΪƶ
ԣԺֻҪ¾֪ҩʦĵȼͦţƵġ
ǧЦЦ֪Ҳһ͵ģҵøŬҩС



350 ʦ

аһתоҩȥˡ
ǧۿɫ磬;ȥ
صͤθһƣֻҪʾƾһ·ͨ衣
ͤŻ㣬ǧڸĵطתһȦûмεӰѲɣڳϣ
ⶼˣʵ۲ô໰ɣ
ǧ˿ܣδһѾߡ
ͤоˣϲ徲ѾҲѣƽɨһӣЩ˾ͳɡ
ǧתһȦſһѾߵӰӡ
Ѿ߼Ҳ񣬡˺á
ǧʣأ
ʦںԺϴ衣Ѿʵ档
ԺǧüͤлкԺ
еɻѾĽ͵ǵģԺһȻĺʦȥͷϴ裬һõ徲֮ء
ԺȻкǮ˹Ȼݳޣ
ǧ̾Ƭ̾Ժȥȥ
ѾסͼѾԶ
ˣ
ʦɻϴʱ˽룬λķǷ˼ɻôã
˵λ·˼ִʦϲʦΪ׼ʮױӦûû°ɡ
ǧ֪Ѿߵľᣬ˺Ժ
ԺǸɾлľӳһȻ֡
ʱ
һһӰˮð
ǧȥͼһӰվںУļմȾˮӣɫķ˿ˮȾҷǳ
ôվţϵˮ䡣
ǲϵ䣬䡭ǧЩˮ飬Ŀⲻ¡
ľڱţǧֻܿ˫޳ĴȣҲմȾŲˮ飬ҲûʲôԽԽøԸУرȥѡ
ǧ̿ˮվͷεɫǸģܾЩ
ķûǧĵɾվţҲ֪ڿЩʲô
ǧͣ˿û֮⡣
һˮ𣬷ٴУϸϸźˮ
ǧתתŵسǱȥ
αĿƺ
ýˣǧܸ𪾫׳ĺ󱳣ˮ˼˵ɫ
ǧܿ˿ְһ걳걳ĨϷεĺ󱳡
ִУΡৡһ¾ͽ۾
˵Ҫź𣿡ȵףһ麮
ǧһ£ŹЦⲻǼ̫įûź򣬾ŰһѣѾӦûʲôɣ
ǧеɫ˼֣ôˣ
͹ˣôΪʲôǧֻḧţһһ´żУֱġ
΢̾˿㲻ЩҿԼ
ԼǧһЦж೤ȫλõԼĺ𣿡
û˵治С
ǲеĻͺˡǧ֣һѣѾǷˣ㲻úߵġ
ܵСԼңεЩֱˡ
һ仰Ҳδ˵
㲻˵Ҿ͵ĬˡǧǳЦеĴ걳ţô
ͻỽ÷εͷһҲһ̧ʱһݺƽܺá
ϻһЩͣǧڲմһЩĨȥ
͵ζܵϸϸйɱɵ㣬ֲһֱ룬ԭⶼЩϡ
ǱζģζҲϲǧһ߲ãһ˵
βЩͤл࣬ϲҲá
֮󣬱ܺһζ
뷨һһʰ
ǧһĨЦ⣬ɲ޷ǳðȻұˣʱܺͬζҲܲ
۲ȴʲôҲû˵
ǧһ˲ָȾŵı㡣
Ӷ˶ͻȻڵ˵ǧҵˣΪǧɣ
汻¶ˡǧµĶȻֹͣЦǹΪǧǰǰ˵˵ȥ顣
Ѿµɫ
ɱҾܾˡǧƮƮ˵һ䣬о⣬ǰҵɵӣҿɲɵȥһʱẦҵˣӻˣ
βڵ˫Ҳ֪һʲô˿Уҹ˵ǧϵˣ
ǵġǧĿ⣬ֻ궼ҪȥˣҸ˵ҲϾͷͺǧ˹ϵϵǧңǺ



351 ʲô

𣿡ʣǧطԺʲô£ԱܱܷͷģѾ룬ʲôҲòˣͲ£
¡ǧﴽĿᶨ㲻˵Ҫȫ𣬾ûǧҲ㣬Ȼη塣
򴽣΢΢󣬡㣬𣿡
ǧЦǧҺ㣬ε㡣
νĿջأƽĺ棬ʵԼӦǣʱ򣬾鲻ɹҲҪǧô˵ķӡ
⣿ǧһҲҪ˵ԺҲظίߣ˵㱾ǸɸɾһˣҲϣ޹ؽҪȾ㡣
ͬлˮ£˳Ⱦú³Ϲϵ
΢΢£ָ⣬ǱĺˮȴȶȽģƿʣԣвΪң
ǧü˵ȻȻΪ㡣
óĬ󣬷̲סһקס󣬽С
ǧδӦ͵ع˼ˮȶΣղųʣͷֺˮó棬ڱˮһ㡣
΢㶣̲סǲǣӱͱֱˮȾͲԼĲӾ𣿡
֮ҲûεǧòԾ̧һۡ
һ˲񱻶סһ㣬һ
ңǧ͡
Ŀȣ治֪һʲôܾЩսľ
û˵ʱĿٴμȴǲ
ǧûڣԼ·ϣȫ˳糺죬ʶ££Լ½
εĿ⻹ϣβ
ǧͷƤ飬֮Ҳʾɴ۾ӡ
ͻȻֿסļͫ׼ӳССҲ·ֻһˡ
ǧܾе㲻ԾΧй¶ҲԽԽȣбҲ޷Щȶ
ǧŷΣգһǲǻᷢЩʲô
棬ξͷ
ǧԲһʱκζ
εͷ䵽һͣ£˫䣬ǧҲ֪Щʲô
ǧӣзڲϢʲô
㵽
ǧĻδʳڣ;öͷһⷬ˶˼֡
̧Ƿ޷Ŵı˿̾Ķͷһǣ
ǧ䶯꣬ӶԲˡ
ͷϵĴôɷޱ飬ͷ·ǵ˲һǧ򣬿ӡ
Ȼˣʲô
ΪҪ㣿ǧеѹ£Գһ䡣
ǳһ֣δ󣬡лΣлĹġҵˮ޷ÿԶ
ǧ㶿ԣֻǱʾл
޷㡢㶼ҵ£㲻صظлҡôĸлʽ
ǧƳͷһֱˮ˺ˮжô
ҲḺỤȫ˵һһ˲ÿޱȡ
ǧŴ꣬һ仰Ҳ˵һһŻָԭ״̬ΪʧǧңǲӦòң
ǳʧĽңӦҸƸ񡣡
ǧۣ˼ǲ벹ˣ
ȻǲģüͷȻҵƸǱҵˣΪƲ㵱ȻҪˡ
֣ͷϿ˿ۣҪվͺҹȴȥⷿȡɡ
ǧ˫𣬵٩öٱǶ٣
εֻҪùͳɡ
ǧЦ֪ˣһһЩġ
ɫû˵
ǧĿൽ𴦣ٲͷʱַѾվһҫɫϡ
ӱˮʪϵһ˲侹˸С
ǧʶ̿ˮһ˲˲ơ
ˣҵһֻǾվĶǧܴƷȻζ
Ѿɿ½סˣϧʵʪǧһ۱ƼµǣǰƬ𪼡
ǧվˮһʱ侹Ȼǻصϡ
Ϊλϰ𣿡λʣؿڵ½ֳһЩ
ǧһ㶣̴Ӻ˳һз紵öһӣַ˷첲ҪԼȡů
οһۣûϵħ·ɣͲˡ



352 ī֭С

ǧȷǸõİ취
ϵħֱӶϵʪ·ͺ棬ɺһɲʱͼѾߵˣкҲûд
ǧ˫Ҳ첽߳Ժĺ
˼·һͤǧƳͷͼͤУʯϷķıֱ߻һŰֽ
ִʣҲ֪ڰֽдЩʲô
ǧʶ߽ͼϵһϯҫѾ˼ɾġ
ʯԡ£͸ףԶ˳ס
ǧʵ̲סһƨʯʣֱߵīĥľٶЩɬʹ³˻
ˣ̧üۣҲмֻɫźˣĥͳɡ
ǧڰ֣һִ֣д֣ҵīǻų𣿡
μִ֣Ҳ˵Щ˵Щͷд֡
ǧ̲ס˼ۣͼڰֽдһ֣ɾּͬһ㣬һ
дЩʲôǧʣī֭˶֪
δͷд˵ġһűȽ˼
ǧЩеī֭ٴλ˲ͽָȾˣдÿͬһ˳Ⱦ
еëһ٣ٿһڵֽȾ˿̾ϧȴɫ޲ã
ǧǺá
ִֻıд֣ëдֱ֣ǹ
̧һۣͼ˫Ѿī֭Ⱦڣδ̨еī֭ڼŪԼҲǼ㡣
̾һī֭ˡ
ǧ֪
οһ˫С֣˵ī֭Ѿ˫Ⱦڣ㻹ټȥ
ʱ
һ紵ǧһ⣬̲סӣɲǣСϾͳһɫī֭ۼ
ζϺɫһţ̲סüͷ
ǧַʱͲȾ˺ɫī֭һ㶣κ˵Ļԭҵ־ī֭Ⱦģˡ
μһ㶵ģһɫֹϣҲī֭Ⱦ˿ŵһֻСè
ǧһ㶣̲סȥգȴһקסˡ
ʣԽԽࣿ
ǧΪԼЩ޴ǸΣ˰Ҵˮ
ûڣȴǴӿռָͳһӡ
ǧͳӣҲ֪Σһ˲˲ơ
Ϊϵĺɫۼ
û뵽ִͣǧڵ
εַΪᣬڶԴһıһ˲ǧ٣Ҳֹͣˡ
ǣ̫ˡ
ǧգգ۾̧ʱͺͷεĿײһ˫޲ܾô˼̵⣬˲Խ˽ȥ
ҿԼġǧ򴽣Щ˲Ҫ㿪εĴȻһѿס°ͣѡ
ʱ°ͱסǧܵϢȣһƱ̴ϡ
ǧԼ˫֣ȫˣǱοסԼܻ
ζ糺СԼЩվĶ
ǧ򴽣һʱ˵Ļ
μţϢ˵޼ɵ
ǧֻܱţһֱƮ
μӼΪɰҲһɫһȴһ仰Ҳû˵
Ҳ֪˶ãڽߡ
ûϢĴ̼ǧŽ
ɾ𣿡ǧһԼȴֱοס
ν͵ֻš
ǧһ죬ôоһ̾Щˣ񶼱ɸˡ
ˣһȥϴϴǧҪվȴοôҲˡ
ʲôû˵Ϊ֡
һһĴϮǧľٶƬ̲װ򶨵ȻʦҲ֣ұ㰲ˣϾɲ˶еġ
µĶһ٣嵭ü۴˿̾мɫ
ǧһ٣Ӧû˵ʲôɣ
˵ʲô𣿡ǧգ۾̽ʵ
̧ƤӣһΪֽҴʦˣղ˵𣿡
ô˵ǧڵ
ε΢ͣеĶ㾲
ǧŻֻܽͷ£˼ȴת˺ܶ顣
һ±ĪǣҲƺ



353 öǺ

ǧ뷨һȴֺܿ̽Եػһ
ϸϸŴŴɤεһ¾ͱ֣࣬һſ˵ԺôҰɣ
ǧָв˲죬ﾹҲһƺƺľʲô
ûãǧͷãԺ㻽ˡ
δû˵ȴ˿̵鼫ãҲ֪Ϊʲô
ǧ˳Ľëһɫ
νȫɾŽſԺĥʱĪҪˣŪøֻèһ
ǧ˶Լָ⣬֪Ժξˡ
Ϊ⣬üжһĨɫͻȻֽİȡ£ݵǧǰ˵Ὣö㡣
ǧŵ壬ٳûжȥãǽˣ治𣿡
ҡҡͷްֻҪͤоͳɣǲͤ㲻ҵѪ
ǧˣֻҪҲžˡ
οǳǵġ
ǧŰĽӹֵʲôʣҪİɣǧ֪𣿡
ʯϣһϯҫ۳ĵš
ǧЦգĿǰֻȥ㣬ˣӦܸһ¥˰ɣ
μ۵λεģҲ֪Щʲôȴַõζ̲ס࿴ۣЩʲô
ǧһ㶣۵룬ѧԺǸһ˵ǿȥԴɾŪһֻħ޳Ҳ֪ŪʲôħޣܾЩڴ
οħ޴߰ѱȥԴɾԺв֪𣿡
⻰Ͱ˵ò࣬ɴӷȴ÷
ǧӦЩҶ
οһִۣʼġʣµ
ǧտʼдرãۣͦɽܾЩģʵסġҾȻطΣ
֪вסģ˵ͷ
õɣǧ첽߻صС
κ̧ıӰȾһɫڴʱԵñůֱӰʧżͷġ
ǧߵúܼԲδεĿ⡣
ܿС
ǵ·еϲֻδ˺ɴ̴õǣϻڷһЩĺ
ǶѵһУǧر뽫˺һ̽
ĿһƣǸɫīġ
˵ҪԼһݴҲ֪Щʲô
ǧü˲ЩˣЩз͸ĺһӦû°ɣ
Ҳûᣬͽĺɫв𿪣һ𿪣һ̴ľƳɵĺӳС
ǧ̴ľȡа档Ҳ̴֪ľǺŻͦء
ǲһ
ǧľӴ򿪣ɲһƵӳУʵع⻬̰䣬һ֪ϵȼƷ
ǧȡֻޱȲʹлˣһæľС
īǺ⣬һһرص壬Ҳ±顣
ǧľ
ȡīּдǸģǸŪԺҩݾͲˡ
ǿԵҪ󡭡
浱Ǳˣ
ǧţֱûϵħʦյ
ֿһľе壬㽫ռ䡣
һֵƵ壬ԺüǮ
ǧûȤ򿪣·дƬ̾ռ䣬һ뱦ʱٴα˵ĺɫһХ
ǧϰХһȥС
úͺ
øצӣ̫صˣֽˡ
ǧû˵ֱ̤¥㡣
СֻͲסį߶߶ͷг׬ˣΪ㲻Ӳãɫ࣬
ǧŤͷһƬ
ñŵë𣬡űã
ǧ´ʱֻ㣬ȥ𣿡
˵ţͨ¥ȥ
óææҪסȥĲ¥ûȥѲ㻹Խ
ǧưһЦҪȥԽ
Ǳġ
צӰǧ˫ȡ



354 ˲Ҫ

õѾͷ¥ϵʮְԵʱڳײɾ͵ˣֹ˾ҲļɰСȥ𣿡
ǧڻУзִ磬ܾ÷θҵԽԽˣ¥ְԵҲ˲ҡ
𣿡ûЩġ
һֱۣһµģ
ǧƶû⡣
򴽣Ūò֪˵ʲôˡ
ǧһֻ̤¥ʱһȫǱ׳ɫ
ܸоҪ군
͵ر۾ٿ
ԵŨңǧȫûʲôʸУվһѰطһȫЩֻܱԹշ֡
˵θã
ǧ뵽˴ĿⲻһһʱҲ˵
ΪѾŪ˵һ㶣ǲʵСѾͷû°ɣǲǱŪ߲·ˣ
ɲãҪ㶯ȻᱩǶġ
һֱੲݡ
ʵڿȥˣ͵һֱö˶վţʲôʸУ
Ȼ۾ǧȥͼһվ룬ڷ
򴽣ûСѾͷãΪ㵣İ죬㾹Ȼ˼
զզǧعֻεҾȻ¥ȴˣҲ֪ȥʲôЧ
㻹ȥ㣿һѣ
ǧִ֣ҪԿ
˵
ǧȻ㣬ɸտ絽ſڣ;һŨϮԵ·ܽӲ˺ѡ
ã˿ǳ˼ᱻЩʴġ
ǧ̨ϣµؿڣεãȴԾ޷ȥ㣬¥ҲѾǲˡ
ü֪Ѷˣ˿еȷǿأΪҲĸˡ
ǧ»ص¥ĻȴҲ
ǿȴΪ˰޸Լȷĸ
뵽Σǧ˫ζ˲ָƽ
ȿʼʱĹĻУֻȫë׶ˬѣʲôҩһ㡣
յòˣǧ˿ռ䡣
ͷЩˣʱҲһĨ΢Ϯ
ǧǰŵĴϣŹûãžͱ֨߹һƿ
αġõ룬ϵĺӱ紵÷ȻȻͬˡ
ˣοʡ
ǧ߽һ𣬵ողãˣҸղŽһдˡ
γϿһۣȷһбˣīǸУ
ǧüʵ棬Ҽľװһ壬Ҳָҵģһ˲°ɣ
üۡ
壿
Ҳ֪ʲô塣
˼ſ˵޷ЩбǸǵģҪ߰ɣϵЩɻϲģ
ǧϳһۣǿѾƷĶԸŰɣҿɲ̰֮ˡ
ڵ˫𣿡
ǧӭĿ⣬ʾȻǵġ
οһۣû˵Щʲô
ǧ˿ɫͻȻ㡭
֪Ҫʲôλ˵˯˿ࡣ
ǧ֪ʶȴ޷̫̹ȻϾһڴϣʲôɻǽЩϰߡ
ħһֱ˯Сֺ˼֡
ûϵĺһ㣬˵ҹˣ˯ɡ
ǰӡӳڵƻ£ԡ
ǧüۣɵ˴һֻ࣬ԱһأαһɱζǼ⡣
ֵ㣬ǧֻðķǳ
ҹһǳߵķٴθоӱסˡ
͵ƼǧֽŲõĲϣŲ
˯漫
̾˿סˡ
һǧ˯úܳסֻǱܷӦѡ
գǧһ㷢ַѾˡ
ϴϾȥ˺ѧԺƺûȥӶȥѧԺɽԴľ
ɽԴľѧţƣǽȥġ
ǧҪʾƣͼǧѩһ˹
ǧ½ŲһۣҲȥԴľԼħ޵ģ
ǧѩҲ
һ˲˵Ŀײһһʱ˵ι졣



355 ϵ

ǧѩȻЦţãҲԴľԼħ޵𣿡
ѾǧϵˣȻԼã
ǧȴʲôδ˵
ǧѩϳһĨΣȴֺܿƽЦǧ˹ϵУ㻹ҵá
⻰˵õǼΪǧЦЦ˵ü㻹ؿ磿
Ļǧѩɫһ󲻺ãȴֺܿסˡ
ǰʾƣѧһѧԺ䷢ƣϷȥˡߵſڣͣ½Ųǧ˵ԴľȫޣΪҲˮġ
ǧҲǰʾƣҲˮ
ǧѩһ䣬üۼ侹һĨȻ֮ɫתԴľֻǧһ߰Ӱ
ǧüתҲԴľС
һȥǧ㱻ǰľסˡ
治Դľɾһ㣬ɽˮĴƣԾ˵ġ
ĵطȴϢŲħޣ˵ͦ˳ҲųΣյĿܡ
ǧǰţÿһΪС
˰Σȴûħ޵Ӱӣһֱħ޶ûƼ
ضĴħޣ
ǧ½Ųɾһĵطɷɫ
ʱ򡭡
ϤϤĽŲڶǧ˫һơ
ŲԽԽǧĿڴ֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ǸСһ᲻ǱȽţƵħأ
ɾţƣӦҲȲռǮ
ৡһһֻɫСӲݴ˳غ߰վһߡ
ǧһƣִڳһֻɫСꡣС磬˫źڱʯƯ
ǧֻϺֻ꣬ϺҲһ䱸
۾ôһֻСӦòħޣ
ǧ˵СѾͷǲɵϵӵмǿϵħ˵
ǧ΢㶣ƲϺжԣͦģ
ȻϸŴٴδȻȲֻС񣬵Եħһȣͦõġ
ǧСϺ꣬жһĨɫ
ǲĻͽºˡ
СϺ֪뷨ŵĴӴܡ
ٶȼ죬˿жĹ켣
ǧֻľɳɳʲôҲˡ
ҧվԭأû뵽ϺٶȾȻ죬ٶȻҪϼ֡
ľɳɳڶǧֻ֪ϺûߣкèèϷڳЦٶ
ǧšüͷϸǴﴫġ
СѾͷϵ»ϵħģŵŵΪֹٴ˵
ǧ¶һĨȻ»ͶŵֱΪֹ
ʱľɳɳߣǧѾСͶ
ɲǣһŨһؼڣСڣգ֮ʾͽƬոɾֻһЩͺͺսɡ
ǧ̧ȥʱͷֻСվϣû뵽Ҷᱻȫգסˡ
ӣǧô˻һԾϡ
СϺ˲ŵòֻʶӣֶܿС
ǧһûϵħԡ
ΧۿüٶȱƸɾ̣СϺ̴̱¶ǧУǧëȫ
ɶ񣬾ôŪ֪ȫʲôö
ǧ֪ʲô׷ȥ
СϺŤͷܣҲһͷһۡ
ǧɲǰУٶҲǷɿ죬ɺСϺһȴЩġ
Ҳ٣ȥ׷ʱʱͶ
СϺ걻ŵըëײײģˤˡ
ǧ׼ʱС
СϺꡰءһ̬Ӳȶˣǰ壬ٶȾһɿ졣
ǧͣǲЩˣ
ٴ׷ȥʱ򡭡
һı֮ڸڣûñ㴫СϺĲҽ
ҽǴǰԶģǧ͵۾ѲСϺ걻˴ˣ
ٶ룬һԴȥ
ϵԴʱǧΧĿط࣬Ťͷһǧѩվһԡ
ŵһɫħЩӦġ
ǧ˳ɢĵطȥͼղֻСϺڱѩУСȱѩס˸Ѳ
ϵħ治ֻҪﶳסջ
ԣȷֵֻСϺҪˣ



356 ߽׶

ƲĿ⣬ǧѩҲĿͶǧһãҲֻϵȤ
ǧ䴽ǳЦ仰ӦŶԣҲֻϵȤ
ǧѩһ㶣в䱸ɫ⻰ʲô˼
ǧָ⣬һζֻСϺģ̫Ƥܵˣܹ㾹㶳ԭأʵޱ
ǧѩɫЩѿԭؾޱ⻰ʲô˼
ǧѩȶһЦģ㲢δסҶԭأֻСһ㲻ҵأ
ǧЩ
ֻСϵǧѩߵģܵ˾ţ˳˳ǧѩס
뵽ֻСϺǧѩȥģɫһͷӲˡ
üĿִֻ֣СϺҸϵߵģܵ˾ţô׽ס
뵽ղСϺľţǧѩһ㶡
ȷֻСϺ걻סӦġ
ǧѩüĨ񣬡ԣҪˣ
Σǧüư
ǧѩеЦԵһЩɱ濴ˮȻҪǾ͹ƽɣһ˭ӮСϺģ˵Σ
߽ױϵǧüЦϲֽˡһȼߵģһȼ͵˵ܣǲЩ۸ˣ
ǧѩ񣬡ҪĳЩͱ븶Ŭ㲻Ҳԣ˵СϺˡ
˭˵Ҫܾʹܡǧ߰ͷһ廪к
ǧѩӰһ⡣
Ųף͸Բ߽ױϵζ
ǧѩ˼תܿ콫ռڵ˪ȡ
ϵ裬ֳַȣһ˿ȻϢʱй
ǧһۣҲѪ﷨ȡʺķԵø졣
ǰʦķȣǧѩеķȣڰ¼Ҳ˵٣оѪ﷨ȡ
ȴܹ֣ν緢񲻿ɵ
ʶǧЦǰʶⷨȣ
ǧѩƤЦⲻЦһ㡣
ǧ̾һЩ˲̫ʶû뵽㾹Ǹʶ֮ˡ
ǧѩݺҧ⻰ʲô˼
ϻʼɡǧѩȺǰ۲
ǧҲϻ־ͽȾ
һſžޱȵСֱǧѩȥ
ǧѩȻ˿̲ŷֲжôֲЩϵСڣ˷ӦĻᡣ
ǧѩϵħѾˣֻܷһߡ
ǧ𣬲ϽСͶȥ
ǧѩֻ㣬ûʱϵħҧҧһɫ
һ߽ϵħʦһŪǱԲܷʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣܱ򵹣
ǧѩܹУٽϵħ
ɲǣһ͸׵ħڣ̣һ亮Χӣڷҡҷͣľͣ£ȻֱӱסˣҶһ˪Ű׻ġ
ܵϮǧһ㶡
Ϊٳ֣ܿЩǧѩħ߽֮ױϵױϵΪԵˡ
лϵħţܸоһ˿˿ı·
ǧüĿ΢šһ̻Ƚϼˡ
ʱѩƿն˲ͽԲʮŪðѩǳµҲѩᣬһ⻬ı̺ӣвͻ
ǧ͵һȻûϵħסԼӡ
Сǧѩһ˪ٴλ䣬һĨΪŨҵıѩɫٴγϮȥ߽ױϵõģΪһϴôֲ
ڼǺ޻ʹϵ飬Ƿοֹܾͻᱻܣʱʵ۶ᳰЦܡ
գҪһѩǰܣ仨ˮ
뵽˴ǧѩӺֱó˸߽ħ
һɲǣǧ
ǧԸоӱѩ͸ɱ⣬û뵽̬㲻ȣɱԼ
ҲԣطûˣԼ˱ҲֻΪǱħŪˣỳɵǧѩϡ
ǧ΢򴽽ǣһ壡
̣һһ֮й
ţϵĻҲڵϸߣģҵĹΧıѩڻ˿



357 ѷȼ㲱

ڻ㣬ϵĻ澹뽫Щѩȫɣһһ̹âʢ۾
龰ǧѩصɴ׵Ļϵħ
ͲԾ
죬Χıѩȫһ̯ѩˮ˲ʧ
ǧվڻУ˫ձȾùǳıϵħȷƺҵĻϵħʦȽ
𣿡ǧѩ˫һ˲ƺһȶŵֻе֪˵Щδ̫˰ɣ
ǧ𴽽ǣһĨЦ⡣
һŻϵħȣǧѩ㵽𴦣ñϵħ壬һɲȶʧҲӺࡣ
ǧ׼ѰҿյŻж
ǧŲóѣϵĳһһֱƣͬԡķˣ˸׽ӽ
ǧ跨ȣٴ
һɲǣ죬ǧѩϮȥ
ǧѩæߵıȥһһЩƣˣ㱻ͻĻƣҧгݣٴñϵħֵ
ǧһֻСǿѾ۵òȴҪӲţȤ
ǧԾɲҴ⣬߽ʱбĿܡ
ĸҲ˶ãҲԣϾڸ֮ǰܡ
ǧۣеĻ죬ϲƵĻٴδڵϸߣһƿ֮ơ
ǧѩȻɴ۾ĽвáҪսپˣ
ǧҪͶȥʱͻȻȼŵĻȫϨҲ˼Щ
ǧѩֵض졣
ղڣھͱˣڸʲô
ǧѩСһҲҴ⣬ȴûˣҲװģҲ˵ˣ
ǧѩǧ񿴵ζһ㡣
ãͲ𣿡ǧѩֳַȻ߽һЦ⣬ղһͦôˣ
ǧؿڣվҲЩǿǧѩעһŲźһЩ޷ʧһ¡
ĺȻ˵Ҫȥħ޾ˣֱӽ̯Ӷ
һҪԼħޣʱͽǵӵǮ
ʧ󣿡ǧѩһƽӭչʱڳɫսʧҪء
üü۸߰ⳡսʤұˡ
ǧʶãͿһߡ
ǧѩıϵħ˸գšüͷ⽥䰵
ٴγ֣ɲǣѩ̹ǡ
ǧеѪ﷨ȣԵֵ
Ѫ﷨ȵǻʱǧֻûůѩϮƺ˵ʲô
һ㶣Ҳһ
ղûϵħʱδоѪ﷨ȶɢ˿ȴоѲɣȶҲֻڲûϵħʱŻɢ
ǧ̿ˮ۵âȻǺö
ǧѩϵħ˲ֺҧҧҲһɫ
һȣ̱ѩϮƺȸղŻҪ̹ǡ
ǧз֣ԲûиоʲôϢƬҲڽȻϵħʱòϵħ
ϵ֣һǧѩɣ
ǧȻ̧ü֮ӳһĨ׵֮ɫƼҲһ˸˸
ڶǧѩеϵħͫһȻ˫ϵħʦʱϨҲоס
ǧѩʶһǽ䱸ɫ
ǧ㲻ϵħҲ磬Ȼһ׾죡
һɲǣ۳ɳޣϢ
㣬ֱֱǧѩϮȥǶ׵ϵħҲޱȰԵ
ǧѩͫٴһǱ㵽һߡ
ʱȥʥŮѧԺںѧԺѧϰʵս٣ǧսḻˣҲЩġ
֣ǧʹϺƸ˼֣ȼ̫ߣݾʹҡ
ǧѩҧгݣģǱ
ǧ͹еϵħһһֱǧѩΧ
ǵͽϵħܣ׾졭
ǧѩٴεɴеͽ׻ϵҲͰˣΪλеͽϵܣ
ôкö˶Ƕˣ
ǧѩҧҧֻ˲ӬһٴܣеķȻӵõҲЩҡ
ǧ̬ȣһ׼ʤ׷
ǧѩЩ׵Ū÷겻ҧгݣȻһʧͱϵĴ򵽵ϡ
ķɵϣֻһؿվʱ򡭡
һѪɫķȺ˹ֱӼĲϡ



358 ȥץϵ

ǧѩʶ̧һ˲ͺǧĿײһĺ䣬ż˵ɫ
ǧѩĿһܾԼһУǳ
㲻Ӯˣǧʵ
ǧѩķѹŸ޷ҧеɫʧȷˡ
䣬һ⡣
ΪʥŮᱻһǧܣǱûƼܼȸ½㣿
ǧѩžʹӵվؿڣЩҡҡ׹
Ҳ˵ӮˣǧջأĿȻ
ǧѩҧвʣǰӮˡ
Ҳ˵ǧɱڵصСϺ꣬ʵֻСϺҲˣ
ǧѩĿͶȥԭصСϺ꣬һâ
ƾʲôÿһöģ
ΣòħޣǧҲõ
ָһɲǣı˪ȫڣСϺ״ŵõͷܣһ̱ûӰ
ǧѩСϺѾܵɾ̾һǶԲЩϵħҲ޷ά֣Сһܵˣ㲻Ұɣ
Ȼ㡣ǧĿϣ˲𣬡йʱ䣬ͽСϺץˡ
ĳǧѩɫѿҾף³ɣֻСϺ׷
ǧһЦлף
ǧѩյת֪ЩԴľˣһ׼û·ŪǱֵС궼Ѿܵ
вʣֱʧǧǰ
ǧѾ뿪Сߵķ׷ȥ
ղڴ򶷵ʱС׺һЩϢֻҪ˳ЩϢߣҲֻСꡣ
ܿ죬Դľ
ûֻй߰Ĵ֣ԽԽȣҲ֪ô¡
ǧ׳ȥ뻢ѨԶ޷ɳҪֻСꡣ
֣߳ǧΧˣһҲΧͣ˸ЩĻ̻̣ʿˮ߽˼ŷǰ治Զиӡ
ȫҽҽڲϷʱĿܡ
ǧСܱţǵȥܻܿһ̯ѪˮΧ̽̽ȴ޷ҵСϺꡣ
ЩԾµĻϢ⸽Χֻзҽûκڱ˵СϺǶ㲻ģΪûӰ
ǧֳΧ̽̽ͻȻҽǶƬɫԡ
͸ˡЩԱҽտţͲή
ǧ˼ۣ˫ͻȻҲһ뷨
ƬԿ϶йŹ֣СϺͶƬС
ǧߵҽϣûκο֮Ҫȥֱ죬вͻᱻҽ
ٶǿ죬ɲһԾ棬ο߾ʵ̫󣬼ֱһӡ
˿ܻ֪Ѷˣǧϲľս
Ȼ۲ҽĹ켣Щҽȥ档
Ҫľǽϵħӵ󣬵ʱִ档
ǧ˵ֱϵħ
ռһҪɵ£æιСѾͷ㲻Ҫɵ°
׵֮Ծǧüͷûɵ£ֻ׷СϺѡ
˵ûɵ¡֣ΪԼǲ֮ˣҴҽӣͲ»ȥ
ǧģȻ£һ
һɹǶ٣
ǧҡҡͷûԹô֪
ÿ챻ˣûԹ͸Ҵҽӣǲǣ
ҲǰÿɥҪܲİ취
ǧüһҵİ취
ùֽһ²۵ɹʶûеİ취˵ϲ
Щİ취ǧеϵħߡ
΢٣ٿһ۵ܷɰɹȥͳˣ
С
ǧһ飬в֮ɫС»Ὣѹһࡣ
̾˼һ治֪˵㱿Ǹ˵ɵºڳɳڣʵǿˣҲıԼ̬ȥǼܼ򵥵顣
ǧһ㶡
ԭֻСıԼĴСһЩ
ǧһ˦֣ͽٻ˳
ųһĲġ
С񣬸ղսʱҵӣֵʱǧ㻹ãħޣҾֱѹ׵ġ



359 ҵСϺ

һڶ˶óԺöħ޾˲ܵڣǱѹ׵ģһӶ޷
ңϹȸô䵽ѹ׵ģ
ү֪ˣȥвڣԾư
ǧ˫ֻأȻ֪ˣǾͿɡ
Ĳ鲻ԸߵһߣһɲǣһӺҽ֮Ҫҫۼ֣ȸ֮˾ң˾ޡ
ȸ֮ʧǧһͷϵ⣬Ҳһ޴ڸסˡ
뵽ʲôһȻ̧ȥͼϿһֻɫĴ񣬴ëɫݣŻ֮·ܽΧһȫơ
Ϲȸ
䲻
ܾûڿɷˣǷһŸ£ưŮˣүˣô
ǧŻһ˺ıϡ
û΢Щˬһ뵽Լʳĸʲô뷨Ҳûˡ
ųٴʣɲǣһʼ
壬ಡһ͵ִƬԡ
ǧڸ̾ٶȼͬʱֳ̽̽ͻȻƬиɽɽǳơ
ֲЩˣԭɽڵ
ǧС񣬴ҽȥ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬺ͽɽС
һߣǧѩѰҵһƥѩǡ
ƥѩ׵ģʶͦϵɫѩǲͬΪɫӦϡеıħޡ
ħޱͨħ޸ΪǿúãǼΪǿĴڡ
ǧѩһǱħޣ˶һĨϲòСϺΣҵħޣǱġ
ѾѩǶԭأҪȥԼʱ򣬾ͻȻԴɾһӶţһ
ǧѩµĶһ٣Ǳһ
ô£
ģģ
ǧѩԴľȥͼϿиɫĶڶԶҲƲʲôȴϡܼһЩɫ
л⣿
ǷǻϵħʦЩŪģ
ڸʲô
ǧѩ򴽣˵ԴľдƬҽѲɣǷҪҽŪҪԼ
뵽˴ǧѩһɫٽѩԼˣתԴľȥ
ҪߵʱͻȻȽͷһʯնϡ
ʯնϵͬʱԴľһоͱˣû֪淢ʲôҲ߳ȥ
˷ʯٻǷｫһԴľС
Դľҽÿһ궼緢ûмõĲ֮أһ̯Ѫˮʱ㷢Ҳˡ
һ֮ǧѩʤ߰㣬ͷ߸
߳ܿŵλѧ
ʥŮλѧ㹧һ
ǧѩεҼأǲǳˣ
λѧӦûгɣ
ǧѩüҸտǰ棬Ҿǲῴġ
ѧǧѩ˵ûǸղȥéǧǻӳİɣȻʥŮ˵ǧˣǱ˰ɣǸղȥéԲû
ǧѩˣһЦ⣬ȻˣǿҪԴľĴŹؽʵˣͷħ޽󣬿ɲ˻ȥ
ѧ֪أæŹʵ˲ŵлʥŮѣѾʵˡ
ǧѩת뿪һתеЦ£֮һĨԹ֮ɫ
ùҲ˺ù
ȸ½Ŀ֮ˣʲô˫ϵ
ͨͨڣ
ǧ֪ͷʲô뵽ɽ󣬷ɽںˬƯҲΪ
һЩ󣬾ϵƣȫˡ
Դľһĺõط
ʱѾԭӻصռˣǧվɽгܿš
ɽˬ·ֻҪһ۾ܿжԾûҵСϺӰӡ
СһﵹͦصģɽôСһֻӦûͦס
ѭŻϢǧɽңͻȻ
ϤϤڶ
ǧǴһԲݶﴫģݶлһ͹ĵطԲʲô
ѲɣֻСϺꣿ
ǧ˫־ͽݶƿˣһ˲Ϳһɫëš



360 Ϊλ

СϺɪɪȫȻû˸ղŵ
Сӡǧִ˴СϺëôһøˣһֻȺСޡ
ǧ۾СôСˣղŻͦѲɱǧѩôһᣬͰϵİȫûˣ
Ҳ̫û˰ɡ
ֻǱСסˡͻȻǧ˵
ס
ǧЩ⣬Ϊλᱻס
÷һۣ̾ûʶȴ˵СϹȸղȸǱСһˣСһܵǰδеѹȻͺˡ
ǧﴽЦԭǱСˣûõСһԼĺã
Ʋ㱻ˣսǲġСһ⣬űãԼԻ벻ĺô
ǧ˼Ȼ˵ҾһΡ
䣬ֿһԵСϺꡣ
СϺܵĿ⣬Ӷˡ
ӣ治ʲôö׷ҪԼһֻȸԼ᲻ᱻȸ
ǧָСԴҪԼ㣬ǸҷĻҾͻСŻ㡣
СϺˣιȥ
ӣа
ǧҧָѪĵ䣬Լɡ
СϺԼԼͷЩˬһֱڵģ±ԼʧȥɣΪūʱҪΣֻˡ
Ҳ
СϺһƣ˫Ҳʧȥ˹
ǧ֪вʣҾίҪ֪ȸҲУͬħ˵ȸһʱ硣
СϺеĹֻˣҲ԰ȸҲշඨȻǳ
ղŵĻ˫ϵ㵲ѣǸ࣬һúгϢ
СϺͷ̾ˡ
ָ˾ǧʧЦͻָˣղŻһӡ
СϺǵԴǧģʳĸҪúðͽС
ܵȶȣǧٴʧЦӴѧ˻ˣ
СϺϸŴؽһģɣǱȺǮɰˡ
ǧСϺ걧ڻվ׼뿪
ȸص˴Ӷ棬غȥķȥ
ߵſڵʱǧԸвԾ
ôоЩģղʱǿʯҲһأʯͨһУһԶȥǣ˽Ŵ򿪡
ǧͷһæǰȥôţ˰һӦûС
Ǳˡ
Ҳ˵ȥˣ
ǧšüĿѵʯϡ
ʯ岻Ե޹ѣΪƻǧѩ
뵽ˣǧҧҧ
ˮģʵĻǧ⻹Ҫ¡
Դľʳﲻ࣬ǿɱħޣħһֻһֻɱɱõģټطûκˮԴʱһûᱻġ
ּܼգ˵ЩҽʱĿܣʱΪһ̯Ѫˮ˿ǧѩǴҪԼˡ
ǧ⻹Ҫ񶾡
ǧҧҧѰ˸Щĵط¡
˿ܻӵ׿ռ䣬һҲ
ʳУˮҲУҽҲܶռ䣬
ԾЩһӴֹطȥԼᱻġ
Ƭ̾ЩˣͿ˼ԣ˾ͺȿռ侮ˮ
СϺʲôУӶÿɳˡ
ǧӵеľɫԶԵñɫѾˣæѰЩ֦ȼ
һɲǣҲΧյø
ǧͷҡҷĻⷢ¶ѾʱǷԼڣ᲻ż᲻Լأ
Ҳ߻ᵱ·
ǧͷ˼룬Ҳû˽࡭
ǰǰһ͸˵ķˣδӣƺڵʲôˡ
¶ѾôˣǸ˾Ȼδ
ûбֳͷȴ˵ζ룬ǵǡ
ҹվһԣ̲ס˵ӣҪŻ㻹ȳԷɡ
ü嵭ִأҵԱá
ҹ򴽣˰춼ǧ˶Ѿ͸ҪſϳԷǧЩʲôΪ˻
ҹʲôʱˣͻȻʡ
ҹ˿ɫش𣺡ѾǺʱˡ
ʱ
üͷʱˣΪ



361 ô

ҹһ㶣ſ˵˵ܻӶ񣬻᲻Ϊ񱻵гأ
γɡ
ҹʣȻҪҪȳԷӾͲˡ
ΰڰ֣ȥɣٵȻ
ҹ򴽣ֻת뿪
εãδǧʱҹɫˣѲɣǱ񵢸ˣ
ϵķˣȻûθڣصк¶˯
գǧδ
ԽԽԾҹȥյ١
ҹܿͻӣδȥӶί񡭡
ͷ΢΢һüʣȥ
ûȥӶΪһ϶û
ҹ鶼ˣҲ˼֣ӣѧԺ˵˴ӰֱȥԴľץħȥˣŵѧ˵ѾˣȥĶͲˡ
ô棬ò˵
ҹվһ΢Щľ⻹һοӡ
û뵽һֱʲôӣᱻǧġ
ֹͣûͻȻ̧ͷûдԴľأ
ҹһ㶣ӦòɣŵѧӦòƭˡ
δ˵
ҹվһԣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
ͻȻվϵҫҲ費ͣߵſڣ½ŲҪȥѧԺһˣȥͬ˵һ糯ұ㲻ȥˡ
ҹסӾȻΪһǧȥá
΢Ƭ̲ŵ˵ͷ
̧뿪
ǧԴɾ˯һ˹
㣬緹ôӦ˹ȥ
ǧվȥһûбħޣѰһȦȴδһߵʯϡ
ڳȥҲʵ
ǧǱﻵˣɫ΢Щ
û룬վԴɾ߿ϣҵһȥ·
ʵҲ·ˣǧͣ£˿ھˮʵӣ˵뿪ط𣿡
ðŪצӣҡҡͷܣطȻһ壬ǽŴ򿪣Ȼôɶǳȥġ
ǧҧ˵һӲҿţұһҲȥ
øצӣû
ǧҧҧһй
Ҳ֪λ᲻ңҪطһˡ
ǧЩйʱͻȻһű򿪵ţѧʦûǲܽԴľİ
ִ룬˭Ҳ޷
ѧҵΣҲֻܽŽȥˡ
λǧѾˣΪδʦҪȥѰң֡
ν뵽棬Դɾʯһأ۾һâ۵
ʯһƻͷˣҲᷢ֡
ʶµԣ̧žԴľȥû߼Ͷԭء
Ϊǧ
վԭһĨ𾪣һĨ
ɫҲ˵ܶˡ
ҵء
ŵڷǧãҲһĨй
첽ǰϵҲƮҡ
ǧվԭؾȻˡ
ΪλЩӲңû뵽һˡ
Ҫȥõ
ѲΪȻöȥˣ
һ̣ľҲôֹͣˣƺʲôҪ
ΪҪã
ǧվԭذ˼⡣
ʱ򣬷ηۣߵǧԣδӦǾͽһ뻳У۵úܽ
ܵϴı㣬ǧӵɴ󣬾˵ˡ
ʲôξȻˣô
һԾɱ˿ûзֵ˼ǧʵ̲סִ˴ĺ󱳣Щ֣ҿ챻յôˡ
Žſˡ
õͷţģ̌һۣͼ˫кƻЩʲôЩһˡ
ǧ˫ƺҪЩʲô
ҲӣһԨ˲롣
صҵ𣿡ǧ״һ䡣
ûзϣȴҲûгϣûлΪӶ񡣡
ǧգգ۾ȴȥĻ
μڵɽҲûлҹȥˣ˵㲢ûȥί񣬶ɽҹ鲻ұܻ
ǧֻȾһ̫ɫӨ貣ÿƼͷҲһůԣòԾˣ
öûϣˡ



362 һ

εĿסչƺøʻҺܵ㡣
ǧӵɴ󣬾˵
ղ˵ʲô
˵ڵ
ǸɵĴʦ˵ڵ
ǧͷһֱΪԼˣæڵղ˵ʲôܲ˵һ飿
˵һ飬Һܵ㡣
ĵûгԡ
ָоǰûеģܸо
ˮǧֻͷƻһů⣬˲Ц绨Ҳһֱ᲻ңôˣһΪЩء
üͷһȲ
ǧָ⣬ͷٴβͣ
һĴʦ˵Ļ̫ˡ
ǧʹüۣٿٴ̧Цллҡ
νַͷ༸£֮䣬˵лл
Ƿޣ˵лл
ǧС糺һƬͷൽһߣ㲻˵
벻ƽһĴʦ˵Щ˵ĻЩмܲסȻ˲òࣿ
εɷͷţ˵Щʲôͼѧ˽
ʦҵҪҵ𣿡ѧţǧվһԣ䶯ͻȻͱһ£ǧ㾹Ȼڣ㲻Ѿ𣿡
ǧ̯̯֣һ޹һֱԴľ޷߳
ѧһôܣ㱻ͷҲſڵʯϵǿţ㲻᲻֪ɣ
ǧ̾һ¶һĨɫЩȻ֪ģſڵʯˣҪϵǣ
ʲôѧɴ۾ЩţʯƳɣô˵Ѿѣ
ǧۣˣţԼȥſڿ
ѧߵſһ濴ʯһأһѱϵֲǧᱻԴľһһҹûмʱֵĻܻ޷صĺ
ѧʶУæǸǲϽǶԲ𡣡
һѧͻȻֹһʥŮ˵ǧǳˣǽŹعغãֹ˽룬⵽ôأ
ʶǧһۡ
ǧӣҲһĨΡ
θ֣ͻȻڵ¾͵ΪֹɣʯЩԶˣŻѣʱȥ֪ͨѦԺһͳɡ
ѧҲû룬ûǣͷ
ǧ̲סο˼ۣϢˣ
ߡͻȻ֣ǣ˳ȥ
ǧĽŲһȥĿˬͻȻʵʯԾΪղ˵Ϣˣ
Ǿرάǧѩǲˬ
δ̫࣬ºòײŽעƿ¶ϣǣǧѩֻὫĿͶһйع˵ʥŮһǻδ֮ˣ˵»˭
˵ڻˣǧüͷЩˬ
ǿˣҪЩһɨ
ֽϣ˵һỤȫ
ҪңҲỤңǧôʵ
ε⽥ǣҪ㣬ҲỤȫҷεޡ
̣ͷͣʯˮ׽ġ
һŽеƽˣ˵ҾͰˣϢˣǿԺұ㲻ˡ
γȵǿˣ˵ɡ
ǧüٿʵȻ£ȥӶɣû񣬽Ҫȫ
Ҳȥʹ룬Ӧˣá
ǧΪӦ񣬡Ӧˣ
ε⵭ȻӦˣ㲻ȥ𣿡
ǧȻ񣬽еȥſڵȥȻҪȥˡ
ӶᣬȺһǷδʦ˲զˡ
ǿȻǴʦӶʲô
Ѳɣģ
ɣʦȱң
⿵ǧﴽ꣬ߵĶǽ㣬ЩǶڿ㡣
γΧһȦ㿴ɣ޷ʲô͵񣿡
ǧߵǽǰȻһˣǾSɣҪӣͬʱҲܷ񡣡
εͷá
ǧѡ˼һѽǽϵֽ˺£˺ºŷߵɣǱߡ



363 ˮ

Ӷ˼ˣٴξ
죬ʦԭǧġ
ʦǧãǰոˣܺɴʦס
ǧø첲ײ˷һ£ѹûǶڿ㣬˵ǰ˸ܺס
δһâۣ㣬ո𣿡
ǧüûģҲԸѡ
νĿջأһЦ⣬ǳײ
ǧ˵ӵߣȥ񡣡
θĽŲ
ȥȸɭɱħޣ˷εļЧһߺö࣬һȥܱħ޶ˣǧ͸ħϵƤë;ˡ
һдֻ꣬ʣһˡ
һȽ˼ȥһˮĵط飬ڵʲôЩˡ
˵
ҹˮ壬пɹӰûǰҲӶܹȴȥ޻أʬҲûҵƾһ㡣
Ҳûиҽӣˡ
ǧ˼Žɱħޣδֵ񣬵Ժúһ
ƼˮĹֳģ
Ҫȥˮ֣Ҳһɵģ²£ǧƳһۣƵζ
ɫȻǲµģҾ¿ûô򵥡
ǧ֪أһɫʵԣھͳȥˮ壿
γǰȥ˵㡣
ˮıһƧĵضҪȥˮ廹ҪһɽһƬ֡
˰ɽˮڸϵˮ塣
ͷӲݴȻҲմȥӲֻԽԽ࣬ԽԽߣʱͷƲˡ
ǧܾЩɭ谵ɢϢҲ˷ģ͵ջĿ⣬üͷ𣬡ضЩԾܾúûʲô˴塣
ɫأȽȥ
ǧסϵĲʣӦһ
߽ڣеҪּ֣вٴ߶ܱҲһЩЩСԣ͸þߡ
էһûʲôԾϸһƣܾЩһ͸ŹŹ֣ɫ԰ףȫɣûĻһ㡣
ǧ̿ˮɺë𣬡ΣûоЩֲѰϢ
֮ƿ´
ǧ۲ζţ֮ƺʹϵϢ࡭
£ϾǴ¼һڴϵϢǡ
Ϣٴ֣ǲ˵
ڰжˡοΧ˵š
ǧָ⣬ʣڴŪЩʲô
δ²⣬Ǻڰᣬеһݵ㡣
ݵ㣿ǧૣòԾǾݵ㣬ôˣôҪˣ
δû˵˰βſ˵ȿ˵óȻж
ǧ˵ͲԼļһ¡
һͷŤ˹ȥ
ͷһͷվͷͬļʱǧҲܸоϵȶȡ
ԣһˣ
ǧڴͷͬʱͷҲڴǧĿ˵ĸо˺ܲ
ǴӴģͷͻȻʵɳ쳣
ǧ˵ǰǴӴģǣ
ͷٴοڣˮ峤ӶڵҲҷģ𣿡
峤ǧϿ˼ֿۣվһԵķΣȻɴһĨɫÿȥҲ졣
λǴʦ峤ͻȻʣһֱڷˡ
εԣҪҲϲ󷽳ϵǣҲǽίǰġ
峤ָ΢΢գҲЩƮû뵽ʦС䣬ȶŵ̫ˣ뵽ʦҲСׯ񡣡
εĺƬ̲ŵȸ½ĴʦĶΣұĶ
峤Ŀ⣬ʦǹ񡣡
ǧͷܾЩ򵥣ȻǴ峤ܸܲǽڵ׷ʲô
峤¿˼ۣСģλҵ˵
ǧͷζһۣܿ˵ͷ
˸Ŵ峤С
峤ľͷɵģҲΪªЩӸûȡ



364 еֵĴ峤

峤һĨΧβɾ´峤ŻڵǴں˲ɾĶÿһЩɵĹӰͷƯͦٵģԽԽֵ࣬ҹ˯ãҲӶǰ̽ȴԾһ񡣡
ǧʵ˵ЩǰӶ䲻峤֪ǵ٣
峤ҡҡͷ֪ǵһ޹ˣȥĶҾ治֪ˡ
ǧοһۣͼҲ֪Щʲô
ʣЩʲôѰĵط
峤ҡҡͷЩҲûвѰĵطˣЩɾĶʵģʦӦܲԴͷɣ
ƿǻᾡġ
ʱͷһ˽ˡ
峤һȴͻȻ뵽ﻹˣһ㶣ȥеɫ˽ˣȳȥ
ǧҲվҲųȥ
峤ɫһȴֺܿͷãһȥɡ
ţǧ糾͵վڴڡ
ǵĴ磬ӦǳӶ·˵ؾЪЪš
˼Ǵ߳ȥʵ˭ˮ峤ֵ·˵أܲЪЪţǻḶҵġ
峤վĴ峤ҲǵĽңЪϢãЪϢðɣˮϲˡ
漴һĨЦ⣬ǾͶл峤ˣֵܶȻм
峤ҡҡͷ¶飬ǲģϲˣҪлңʵЩܲס
ͷҲ˵ˣǽĿͶ𴦣ͻȻվһ࣬һ㶣˲ɴ
λǣʦ𣿡
ʦȻˮ壬ֱ˼顣
ǳ궼ͤ
Աλ˭ѲɣǴʦӣ
εͷЩһĨ룬ҡ
˵˸Ӽˣû뵽ǴʦܽӴʦֵܵҡ
οһۣδ˵
Ҳ֪ˣܽӴΣѾѣûָܺ˵
ʦҽţλҵֵܽţһؽš
ǳǳ
ǧǿ˼ۣŷЩƣԭֵܰ
λǴʦķ˰ɣţʵ
εͷǵġ
ֵܼȱȱҲЩʲôˣڣȥҼͶһ
ǧǵıӰָڴš
κֿļϣʵ˵ǽҪҪͶ
ǧգգ۾ЩֲΪʡ
ȻҪͶˣȻε飿
ͷһ࣬峤۰ͰͳǣĿͶ峤̽ĿƵһߡ
ۣ˷ε⣬㿪ڵȻҪͶˣȻε飿
Ҫס£峤æʵλҪҪסһǶȲͨӻǻЩġ
ǧοһۡ
ƽ˵ͷ
ǧſ峤ǽסڴ峤ˣ׼һ䷿
峤ЦŵͷȴȾһ˿С
ת׼ˣһͻǽȥλѾ׼˷䣬ǿ
ӡ
峤Ϊķ仹㲻ټҾȫҲûκŵζַδʦģŻ˾ľ
λ䷿԰ɣ峤һԣһ䡣
ǧ峤һۣ峤ˡ
峤ЦЦԶȻҪúдһˣˣһҪȥһ£ڳ׼ЩˣǶ˿ȥһЩ
ǧһΣŵ˵ͷã֪ˡ
峤˵˼뿪
û˽ŲǧתͷΣͼվڴߣһС
ǧʵǾ峤⣬Բ𣿡
λعͷͷ׷˿紵䣬˵֧֧ģȷʵЩ⣬ֻһǻ˰ɡ
ǧжȻһ
һ˺һһ붼Щ£οζп϶ʲôè塣
οеĳ裬ֵһǿв飬ûʲô
ǧٴεͷ
֪˶ãһź͹ŵ
ǧһִ峤Ѿˡ
ˣҲ֪ȥʲôǧָָ峤ıӰʵҪҪȥƣҪʲô



365 һ̲ס

ҡͷȲҪݾߣеһ˵
ǧͦãͷӦ
߳俪ʼѲӣȴа趼ܼ򵥣һ۾ܿЩʲôƺûʲôر֮
ǧգ۾ӹȻ򵥣ʲôõĶûҵڸΣ
ȥ׷峤Ҳ׷ˣӻݾߡ
γܿ˿ɫ΢סţ˵ɡ
ҲֻˡǧƳͷͻȻʵܻҪգ㲻ͤȥĿ𣿡
޷ζǰӡǺڰһݵ㣬ٻͬʱҲܶкôȻи
˵ǧҲû˵Щʲô
߽˿ִ峤Щ⣬һ
㿴峤ĶͦģҪҪһ㣿ǧЩʳͦɾģûʲôɾĶ
δڶûʲô˵Щˡ
ӣǾͳһЩɡ
ΪϷεĿζǧһڹ﷢һ̳ˡ
ǧЩ˵С
ִӣ״˵ҺʼûԹ
ʼûԷ
ڶҪˣͲ
ǧ˼ۣ̲סʵΪβԣͲ𣿡
̧һۣɫȻ̫ģ˳ԷҲ˶
ǧ˫һ㽫еĿӶȥôо˵Щһһ׵ģѧ㹻ˡ
ӹµһתһЦ׼ңʲôˣ
βЩЦᳵ·˵ҷεޡ
ǧ䶯꣬ζ˵ǳȻǷ޹ϵղʻҲԵöࡣ
˵˵Ĺ˲ˣǷˣ
˵һֱǱƵһ
õ֪ǧ˶ˣʮһ͵ɱعòɧУ붼Щ˼顣
ɫ仯ͣεʵЩʲô
ǧعҡҡͷûʲôԷ
䣬ͷʼԷЩƵģһ뵽ʲôһʻ
ͲˣòɧС
μ˸Ҳ֪ڴʲô⡣
Թ׼ϴ衣
иľͰΧֻܿҡҷӰӣʲôҲˡ
ǧͶϵӰӣ㳯Ǳȥ
Ųǳǳ
Ŀײһʱǧɫûһ£ƤϴںҰƺЩãһҼɣһúòġ
˵Щʱ˫һֻСꡣ
뿴Ҫʲôͷ
ǧͦصģЩζˡ
ֱӽָȥһ˲ģСֻظͣòԾ˶
ɫһҲ˸ӣʲô
ǧ𴽰꣬Ϊʲôأ
γû˵
ǧͣòƺԼղűõЩȫ
˭Щģܵ˴У۾ͬС
ǧûı仯üһη˵ʶҵĵһҾİѵҶЩû𣿡
ʶĵһͿʼҧ·ʲôֶζһ飬һʲô鶼ûС
δᣬͦ˼
üû˵
ǧ֪Ӿ磬á
ʱ򡭡
ͻȻס
Լ󱻽סǧЩϰΪüƺȣɵ̧ʱֱԭء
ڵĵʲô
һŻԣЩ١
ǰķλ
֡
ǧ˫һ˲ѹȸϮֵͷƤ飬Щڣش˫շ˺ɫ
ν·ǲÿһ飬ˣһ̲ס
ǰδйȣ·ʲôҵһͻƿڣĺ֡
Ǵʦ֪֪ƺʲôⶼѲɸոͻ仯ȴԴհףѰһ͡
˵ǧȵ죬̲ס̲סʲô
ˮУβ԰׵һĨӣ֪
ǧ֪룬ҲͲҲ£һĲǸ˼أ



366 ΪҪ

ȴ˵ô̲ס֪ˣ˭ƽǰƤӶգһ£ɣ
ੲݵС췺̺ɫͦƯġ
³ĻȴЩ̣ͦģ÷ˡ
ͻȻǰһסੲݵС졣
ǧȻɴ۾Ŀղš
ϴںǶͷλ촽ˣ
Ǻ⣿
һ֣ĺƺ뿴϶ı顣
ǧס촽糺죬ΪҪ
νüۣҲ֪̲ס˰ɡ
ǧ⸴ӵؿۡ
̲סʲô˼
ʱǧҲûòˣ˶ͻȻ˵㽫ҷſҲϴˣҲֲˡ
μͻȻôܣɫٴһȴʲôҲû˵ͽſˡ
һõͷţǧͿ첽ط
ʲô˵׾ף˻֪Ϊʲô
ʦǴʦȫһʳ˼̻ģ
ǧӲ죬ƺŷεºζ㶣Щ᲻òˡ
򴽣ܸоԼֱòˣԵ
ǧڴϣ󲻶ҡҷӰ⽥ɢ
δ·󣬿ıһ͵ӣҲ֪ЩʲôŹͦɰ
һʪס˲ϸĲͱ¶˿С
ǧ΢΢һ¾Ϳ¶ͷϸӣĺÿ棬ÿӶôÿ
ôʪͷˣ𣿡ǧͷʪţ̲סʵ
ҡҡͷ½Щɢˣһͻɵġ
ǧüͷЩãҲúþòŻɣӱͲãΪλҪ̣Լ
һ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧʵܲӣֱһë͵
΢㶣վԭûж
ǧۣأ԰θߣҽ
ӱˣ˹ȥ
ǧһϥϣŵ¡
ʧЦȴҲڴϣȴΪá
ǧһѽϵķ£漴ʪȫɢڼͷʱʱһܵˮӡ



367 һᵽ׶

Ȼʪ治ϧԼġǧһæëͷϡ
ü۵ʹһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧ֪Ǹƺ«Ҳ˵Ϊá
ַᣬÿһεĴͷƤͷƤһһ˵ĸоӡ
ɲǣεӹһǳǳģģҲ֪Щʲô
һǧڽͷɾˣ˫ֳµǲˣԼͨͷΪͨ
ͷϵ¶ʧεһ㰵ɫɡ
ǧӰȡһľӡ
ľʵӣʽܼ򵥡
ǧָϷεķ˿һ˲ϸỬĴָϣüĿչ̾ķ˿
β˲ͷֻܿϸ֫ϲ𣿡
ǧҶ̲סԴҵͺһͷرҶһŪۿɱҡ
ǰԹá
ǧӴǣãͦģʱʲôʲô˵һЩĻ
ľὫķ˿ֱͨܳʣָ⻬һɫ˿ϣ̾ӨƯޱȡ
ǧţֻЩ㱡
鲻Խ૳һᵽβ׷üᡭ
˵һ룬ǧ뵽ʲôһæ
ղž˵ʲôʲôһᣬѲͷΰͷϣã
뵽˴ǧ˸ëˡ
μ붼ûͽӹᣬá
䣬˫
廪翵ǧһ˫糺죬ĿൽһߵղŵĻӵɣҲ֪ô˵˼䣬Ϊͷ̫Ưˡ
û˵
˵ǧ淺ֹҲЩˣʣΪβ˵
̧üۣ˵һ䣺ղ˵ĻҾͦԣΪҪӵ
ǧĴ²͸ε˼֪⻰ʲô塣
ղǸǣһ
ǧҧ˫ԼϵһҶۣʱĿܡ
㣬ӾͲӰɡִεͷᣬŽӷŵһߣʣˣҪ÷𣿡
εЩ̰ϵ¶ȣҰɡ
ǧһβˣҪҪվƣ
ͷϵ¶ʧε˫ǰ˼֣վβ߶һҡһڣͷʱԵ̬޳˴Լ
ͭһƣúܺãҺϲ
䣬ͷ
ǧһۣͱԻסˡ
ͷˣβһϯƺζˣˡ
ȡǧɿһòһԼϲͺá
γ߽򴽲
ʱͷһ
ǧȥˣۣͷжҪҪȥһ£
νӴ򿪣ȥͼһӰڸΧƮԶԶȥЩ֡
ۣüͷ΢¡ߡ
ǧԾ͹ȥ漴һҹ紵˹
ָָʾȥ
ǧȥͼһƮͣмֲֿζжƮǻʲô
ҡͷ̫ԶЩƲС
ȥǧ飬Ͳǹ֡
ε
˸ȥʱ򣬾ͷһ
ǧһ㶣͵ؽŲͣ£ЩϤǴ峤
ԲĿ漴ŶƬ̶ҵ顣
ν
ȥһ˹ǧ££·ͦڵģֻ»ĹâͶ£¼䣬޵Ŀڳݣʱضܽû
һµĵط
ǧƣǰ治ԶĵطһŻ⣬ķεǰл⣬ǹȥһ
εͷٴνĽŲ
Ӱǧִ峤·ߣ߻һ߷ĵ
еĻ类紵ҡҷͣƺܿͻᱻϨǧߵ峤ߣʵ峤ôˣղŵľǲ㷢ģ
峤ͷʢ֮ɫղҽгġ
¹⣬ǧִ峤˫Щ԰ףӻȥִ峤Ľһ˿ڣ˿ڼڲͣѪ
ǧĿջأɫʵղôˣΪҪУ
ҡ峤˲ͣ˵ˡ



368 ණĳ

峤˺üΣſڵղҼǸණˣͻȻ֣ͻȻҡ
˵ţָָϵ˿ڣ۵ѳݣ˿ھණŪģۡ
ǧٴδһϵ˿ڣ˿Ӧû١
ණȥĶˣǧʵ
峤˵Ľţʹ˵
ǧȡһѪԣɷȴһ
Ѫݵ峤ֱߡ
峤ǧлسº󣬲˵ˣǸණȥǰĵطֲ̫ˣǻǱȥ˰ɡ
ǧοһۣǹȥ
ߡη䣬β趯̬Լ
峤룬ҲһȳһյظȥȵңҲȥұϾһ֮
ǧһۣʲôҲû˵ȥˡ
峤ָĵطǧһûзνණ
ණأôûƼһ䡣
峤Χģ˶ŵöҸռǸණȷѾƮ˰ɡ
ĻŸ䣬һӰӴǰƮ
峤ӵɴŵ̱ڵأǸղǸණֳˡ
ǧ͵زͷȴʲôҲûƼĶ
峤£ιȥˣղžֲˣʵڿ¡ǰණͦ˳ôˣ
峤ֹǧؿΧ
վߣ
ʱٴδܴ󣬴Χ죬˵Ŀһ㣬˷ǳ
ǧο֡
γûקסҪȫ
ǧһ㶣ȴҷģɾؿΧ
ʱ򡭡
һӰƮ˹
峤죬Ѿŵ˵
ǧֱۻϵħɲǣܱ߱ǸƮƮȥĺӰҲΡ
ҪǸƮƮȥĶǹ
ŻâǧĿͶȥվڲԶһӣϻŴеĴֲ£˫ͣһڣȫ¶
ʹһһˣ
Ǹණǧ峤Ƴһۣ
峤ǸȥղŹ̫ҲƲУֻǵùĺӰһ˫۾͸ǰλӲࡣ
峤ϸ˼ۣͻȻڵôЩϤǴġӣ
ӣ
ǧοһۣܾϷΡ
峤ԴֹܣǶӵģΪʵҺôණŴ񣬻˺ң
һֱվһԵķͻȻڵ˵Ѿˣ
ˣ峤һͻȻθⲻܣǶѾˣΪλᶯ
γ峤һۣ˫䣬û֪˿Щʲôڰֽܽ˵Ūˣ£ֽ
峤ƷζǼۣһʱ侪˵
СС䣬ôֺڰĽ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
վһԣ䱻紵죬ԣѾˡ
ǧ峤һۣǸˣ峤ûĲԾ𣿡
峤סŬţȴֱ˾ǴɽԻ󣬺͸ƽͬˣ߶߶ͦ˵ȴǳĬԣҲصģණĳֺҲǴʱʼġ
˵ţһ£¶־ɫԣһֱһһ𣿡
ǧЦŵǰһֱڸһ𡣡
峤̿ˮŵɫҰףͲûιȥˣ¸Σ
ȻǽշˡǧüɫĿȻѾĶӦûصȥ˼䲻ʺ԰ɣ
ỽνĿͶȥȷʵ˼䲻ʺ
峤˵Ǳ˺ӣ󣬾ͱû˵ˡ
վԱߵĶǸˣ֪˵Щʲôһͣӡ
ǧûҶ֮Ҳõԣù۲һ£ʱźý
ʱ򡭡
һѤõϵħڷνŵɲǣѵĵǧһ̧㿴ضŶӡ
ڶϣ彫ᱻá
ǧ̿ˮⲻһμεϵħÿһܻ𺳲ѡ
һͷľ̳ȥ
¡һϳһӣӵ屻Уֱӻɷĩһȫټ
ǧ˼ۣһ̾ͷ֡



369 ¶

εħĺԼĲ֪ٱ
һɱġ
ǧˣ峤ҲԭأŸղŶվ÷һ𾪣ЩԵƲС
峤վȶŵʦǳһӾͽӸˣֻǿϧ˶ӣ˵ö˶˵һôᱻڰأ
οЩߵķĩü۵Ȼһ仰Ҳδ˵
峤εӣվһҲ֪˵Щʲôźá
ǧع촽ʵǲ˵Ѿˣ
峤һ΢⣬ЦŵǴණǱλɾˣлλˡ
޷ǧۣ˵ţǼȻ񣬾Ӧþȫɣ峤
峤㲻˵ˡ
ǧͷԭش˻ͻص˴峤С
峤еĹǧתΣʵԸղŵ¼ο
ǰĹ䴹ϥǣ򴽲
ǧü˵Ҿε¼δ̫˳ˣôһӾͳˣǡ˴峤ܸоЩԵݵģǣǿĺܡ
ǣüĿ΢ƺ˼ʲô
棬ǧͷȥ
ëȾһι⣬ǧЩˣιô˵
λȻ̧һ
ȷʵ⡣󣬡ǿȽƾͼƣ˵
ǧҲֻôˣڴƶǻˣֻжһˣλ峤浱ɵӣ
νһЦ⡣
ǧҲضôֲ˵ˣ
ͻȻվβҲ˦˦ЪϢɣʲô˵
ǧβ޲ý
ߵǰֽϵķᳶ˲ٲɢͷһͬλá
ǧ˼ۣͻȻЩ䣬ˡ
غúվڴûж
βƴżȻ
ǧ΢㶣漴˹ȥҹʲô
¶Σһ󣬵˵ЪϢ
ǧС糺һƬ
Ȼͷ˯ΣÿʱǻúúߣҲ֪Ϊʲôòεʱûͦˬġ
ᳶǧ
һɲǣ˫˫ڴϡ
ǧһӦԾ˯棬ͷһĵطڸֻǸޱ죬Ҳ޷
Ҳ֪˶ãǧǳ˯˹ȥ
˯ҹλȻ˫ǧûвüͷ
ǧ˯ȫûв˼붼δִ˫ַԼ䣬һ֮ھˣű۾˯ȥ
ա
ǧ΢΢۾ЩӲȴָỬĴС
̲ͦס˼ѣ⵽ʲô˵ļɡ
ǧʶԾ˯һӾûˣ͵ؽӵɴ󣬷ԼŵǷεļ
װ۵ļЩ죬ǧŴ꣬ŵý˻
ϣˣ
ǧָָϻŷε¶ȡ
Щ¶οһһġ
ǧ˽Լָ⣬ô죬ͻȻ֡
ƽڴϣ̰ϵ¶ȻǱʲôôһʵڲԸ
΢΢׷˿漴ϣ㾲ǧĿ⵭Ȼ
ǧҲ֪ʱģôЩͷƤ飬͵ץĴ򴽣ͺˡ
νɢ½£ã漴ӣϵҲ֮䡣
ǧţ̲ס̧ο˼ۣ˲ͺĺڵĿ⽻㡣
Ŀ䣬Ҳ֪ƽЩʲôǧ٣Ҳ㱻ȥ
ü֧ӣңղҲǲСĲһѣĵġ
νһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧ𣬱ûƳͷϳ˾ɫǾɫ
μɫ糺죬ͷһá
΢䣬Ӵ£һ˲˳ǧС
ǧ˼·ҲЬ˴
λǰӴ򿪣յã紵Ҳйů֮УվڴԲѾףպҲ޷н
ǧգգ۾ëŲѣʲô
ο޲ղ֮
ҲǷξ׳֫



370 ˵ʧ

ǧ֫Ͽһۣ뵽ղŻĴУ̲ס̿ˮʱ㿪ˣѾѵ˵ŮҪֵ𣿡
ʵ˵ġ
ɫ䣬һһ磬˲²͸ҲץסѾף޷
ǧ´ۣܾ׺ЩԾˣʱҲ
Ѳɣÿɧжŵ֣
ǧ˼룬Ҳֱ䡣
ξϱ仯ر˼㽫ֿͷ࣬ȥ緹
ǧ˵ͷͦϲԼͷġ
ѵԼͷܺ
û֣ǧһԼԴȴûʲôر֮֡
߳ӣִ峤Ѿ緹ˣ緹ĺ嵭һЩСͽƹϣϳֺܿθġ
峤ǵһκͷͬԷղסеĿӡ
γһۣþн
峤һ㶣ͷúúá
پнҲĿ˻
ʱ򣬷ϱøⰲ˭Ҳ˵ֻ궣
ǧԵú죬һͷͼһСһСڳţ༫ΪŶׯ׹䷲ˣܸоôЩС
ü¡
峤죬̲סʵȻеණѾʦ͹ʦ׼ʱ߰
ߣ
ǧпӣ״⳯峤һۡ
峤ĿһֱͶڷϣԲδƼǧͶĿ⡣
νӸ£˲͵ණ֮±л˳ǳԷ緹Ϣһ±ˡ
ǧοһۣҪˣ
ʦס𣿡峤˸һ⣬ȴ˵չ˵ĲܣǴʦ͹ʦ˲ˣ
ҡҡͷĿǳչ˵ĺܺãͤлһЩҪͲڴ˵ؾˡ
峤йâֱӲѹȥȻʦҪҪұ㲻ˣҪµˣܱǶС䵢顣
ףܿûʲô
峤õ𰸱Ҳ˵վ뿪
ǧ뿪ıӰüͷ΢һֽĿͶϣʵôأ
ٶִӣĮ磬Ϊˣƾͼơ
֪뷨ǧҲ˵Щʲôˡ
Թ緹Ϣһ뿪
峤һСߵͷǣˮ岢ЩҪҪ·ϳԣ
վԭûж
ǧСӹл峤⣬ЩǾˡ
峤СؿҪﶼˮزλǾúóԣպһҪˮ尡
ǧĿб⣬Ȼġ
峤е⣬ָ˵˼䡣
ܿ˾ת뿪ˮ塣
峤վڴͷԽԽԶıӰٿһһƲ֪İɫתþòɢ
Ӱʧ峤תȥĴæ
ˮһƬԴɭ֣ǧ˼ͣʵȻǽƾͼƣǺʱٻصˮ壿
οŲԶС䣬䣬ٵһᣬƻʲôġ
ĻΪзֻܾðģ˵ͷãġ
ɭһ뵽ʱҲˣۻˮ塣
ͷǧˮиľ죬ճһ㣬ȫ¶ֲС
ǧԽԽԾܾôѾ˷츲صı仯üĿɭ䣬žЩ£ҾǺһ
䣬ǧûȷοڣͿȥ̽ˮһ̽ӶֱˣôˮС˺˵Ҳмʮˣƾնʧأ
һգȥ¥գô붼Щ˼顣
ߵڼ䣬λ峤ʲôܽһתƣ
ۣĿһ⣬Χһ£п϶ʲôأʮ˲޶ʧ
ǧãǴ峤Ҳǲ鵽ЩʲôͿٽЩ˴תȥ
û˵ȴͬĹ۵㡣
Ǳߣ߿ɺãǧָָΧˮСǷҪϲܸҵ
γһۣԥֲͬͷȥҡ
˫ϵֽܹܶӶӦò¡
ǧȹڣߵһȥѰˡ
οıӰҲȥѰ
ǧڴңʲôûУеֻһéݣǸط
ǰߣҪʱͻȻǰ治Զһھ



371 ׵Ļ

ЩŹ֣Сźð
ˮôк
ǧľԾæǰ
ýǧܸЩһɹɴӾƮ򴽣Сڴ¡
ͻȻһ¡
澹Ȼûˮ
һȥ׵޵׶һ㣬֪жҲ֪ͨηЩ¡
ǧ̿ˮԴЩ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
ѲɣЩ˴Ǵھѵģ
δ͸оһɢǿƺ뽫һһȥ
ǧ󺧣ҪʱȴѾˡ
ɭȻʱֱӽ뵽˾У
ǧоõԼڲ䣬ٶȼ죬ٶȽ䵽棬Ҳһзϡ
ҧȡȼĶذףٳֽذײ뾮ߵʯϣԴٶȡ
顱
ذ׽ӴΧʯڣɢһƻ⣬ʱٶı˲٣ǧӳһ貹⻪
ˣܺá

ذײʯоĦţ½ٶҲԽԽ
Ҳ֪˹ãǧ˫˵棬ʯеĶذȡ£һء
ǧذ׷Żص˫ȼ䣬̧ǰط
׺ᣬΧʯڵķ϶лмСݳС͵ʩãڷвҡͷԵġ
߷ͨҲ֪ͨηǧŤͷ˼ۣܾͨڽ޵Ĵ죬ڵȴϹ
ǧſˮ̧ͷ˿ھһ̧ĽǺһƬʲôƲ
˵Ҫȥƺѣʵܼ򵥡
ӵȸֻҪ߷ɳȥͺˣǡ
ǧĿͶߵ·ڴǸҲ֪ͨηȥһ̽
ĺĺأ˼һ̧ųڴȥͷǱΣգƾıһҲ˲ֺҷ϶ڵһʱϵط
뵽˴ǧøӰģŲҲ˼֡
·ɺܺںխһ˶Ŀģʵڲߡ
ǧʸһԵʯڣСţʱ򡭡
һǰԶ𣬽żʹͿ־塣
ǧȻɴ۾ǰҲ˵пܾǰߣúܼʱˣ
ȹڣȻЩһһԾߵС
һδ֪ĵطһ˱úСĲǡ
ŸûһŨҵѪζƮɢ˳
ŵѪζǧͫ׽һ¡
ǰ˼ͻȻ֡һ˵ʯϣѪúܻ۳һ
ǧһۣüͷȴûʲôʵı顣
ôˣǱ峤ˣ
ǧۻϵħɲǣطˣѻһգͻȻЩϤŵطֵܡ
һһţ˳üΪƣǧҲ֪Ǹ˭
һߵ˿ڣֱӱᴩղŵҽӦġ
ǧط̧ž뿪ʱԼ˫űһ˫ָסˡ
һ㶣ʱǸѾˣ֪ںʱ۾
˿ڴѪȴƲһקǧ˫Ųš
˫ͣƤҰףˣ
ǧһ󵨵뷨Ժ

ǺڰĽ
ڰҲʵڿɶ˶Ѿˣ̣ǵӣ㣬Щ˶Ŀ޷תֻ
ǧҧҧֱȡذ׽ļָͷն䡣
顱һ
ѪָܵͷأǧҲʧִŶذѸһߡ
ǲʹһ㣬űļָ
ǧʯϣһ䱸
Ҫǰ߾ͱŵĵطʱƱػһսǰһӶֵ϶̫ٻȴʲôϼְɡ
ڰĽû˱ǿټԭֻ»ǿϼǿǰ˶ȻöԸ
ǧذ׺Լǰ˫
⴦ͨʵ̫խóȻʹûϵħֻ»ͨƻԣֻǰĽ֮
ֿһԼָͻȻñȻĿضǧƺ˲佫˺ѡ
ǧܸоõ˸ɱһɿµɱ
üɫҲüΪȻ
ֻ˱ӦôҪɱ
ֱ쿪
ǧ·ϡ
еĶذںڰҲɢһӨĺ⡣



372 峤ҵ

ܲΣգʶһ
ǧüԭҲе£
Ų˵ĻᣬеĶذһתֱӳǴȥ
˵ڰĻ˾̴ҲֻҪǵǴ̴ǱʧȥжӶΪҽعڵ¡
ƺǧ뷨һ̧֣ͽֵֵǴ
ǧȥʱ̵ֱֻͻȻһֻ֣ȻǧеĶذӲȥ
һˣǧӲӲֱ˵һߣ衣
˻ġ
ڽֱϵĶذ׶ûһǧƺ赲ĽŲ
ǧʶһ㣬͵üͷ
赲ĽŲĪڰ峤ȡܵʱ䣿
Уÿȥȥ׷
۾еĻ֮һеĹܸС
һȹâֵ˼ƺµӡ
ǧˣֱӳ͸̫ĻһϮŵõ˵һԣɴͺˡ
ǧһתû
׷ȥֽűһѶذţذ׼
ذ֣ǧǣէֳһƺ⡣
ʱŻˣʧȥ˼
һֻȫȻûǧѾذףǰѶذϮ
ǧֿ׼һ¾ͽذ״Уһһǳ
ذ״ʱһĲҽҪȥֹȴѾˣЩĵصɴ۾漴Ϊһѻҽת˲㱻紵ˡ
ǧִذױȼ䣬̧ͨȥ
ղźͻ˲˲ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ܲ׷峤ǡ
ۣӿ˽Ų
һ·ûκ˳Щˡ
ǧüȥ
˼ǧõ·˼֣ҲȽƽȣһ·ţͻȻǰһâ
ǿ쵽·ľͷˣҲ֪ͨ
ǧԶһ̧Ȼ˹ȥ
һȥǧֻǰĹŨأ̵۾ˣֵֵǰӦ˹ߺŽŲ
̧ǰһͻȻͫ׽һ¡
ǰվںöĿ͵ĴǶǻˡ
ǧӹЩ񣬽ĿͶһԵĴ峤ϣվڿյ룬һɢŹâħ󣬹âĺɫǳ
峤۾û뵽ǱҵˣұҪˣƫŹ֪ҵݼãôģ
䣬峤һƣûпεӰѲɣŮֻһǰ
ʦŮ˹󵨵ĺܡ
峤üЦ۵˸һĹ⡣
ǧվںڰȦеĴ峤һ峤ݼǲ㵱ΪϹ𣬴ڵĿͣɫҰԾǻˣƲ͸ΪʦƲ
峤ҧҧû˵µĺӣĵмŤ͹ܡ
1
峤û˵ɫȴѿ˼֡
̫֮ˣá
ǧ˫һᣬٴγöֻסǣԴﵽתЩ˵ļƻʦ϶Ҳ֪̫á
峤ҧָ
ǧ̲ס𣬼̶ֵղͨطֵⰲŵİɣǻ׷ͽǶԴסǵĽŲϧĶ̫ˡ
峤ҧгݣǸĻ˼ֱǸһŮ˶ϲס
ŮЩﵽ󷨻ص˺ڰܻܲᱻס
峤šüһͻȻ滺ЦһСѾͷ´ʦûиһǰΪƵס˭һ⼸ʮˣ
СѾͷûҲƳɻ˵Ҳ
Ǻڰ½ǵжԣʦŮʲôֻҪƳɻˣƾǲ
峤򴽽ǣǧһˡ
ǧĿŪЩڣӳ伸֣ӶᷢίĿľΪһЩ˹Ƴɻˣ԰ɣ
СѾͷ̫ɲð峤
ǧ䡣
˵ЩӵӶʧˣǱ˻ˣЩ˾ǰȺ˵У



373 ֪¶

ǧǰĻп˼ۣһס
ֵеһؿڲһѽҲǱֱӴ̴ġ
ţúõģգȴŪҵز
ǧۣ峤ʱ䣬˵ֽǺڰЩݵ˲ŻʹãǺڰĳϣˮЩкĿģ
峤ЦСѾͷûͦ࣬ϧ¹غڰĻܣˣҲġ
Ϊһǧüëһ
ʦڣϵ⣬׸峤ȭһģһὫƳɻ˵ģʱ㻹ܶ˵
ǧ󣬶ĵЩ£ΪûЩ»׷Ϊʦ׷𣿡
峤ĥͻȻһ£ǿȥŮ˺ѣսǵʳ
Ǵ峤ģԶĻ
һ֮󣬻һѸٳǧķ񱼶ȥŷƬеɥʬϮȺϮЩͷƤ顣
ȡѪ﷨ȣɲǣѪɫĹâ𣬻ǼȹâŨ˼
ǧˣüԭЩ˻Ѫ﷨ȣ˼ˡ
峤ˣһСѾͷ£ǻȥŪ
峤ܻв峤ŭֱ˻ųǧȥ
ǧһеѪ﷨ȷĿĹâֱʣֱϵħɲǣǧСƯͣģСںһէһһ޴ޱȵĻ
âҫȡ
վںڰâеĴ峤Ȼɴ۾СѾͷȻǻϵħʦ
׵Ļϵħʦ
ǵȸ½Ļϵħʦͦ࣬˾ǣҲǣѾϵˣھǸҵľƹ
˭â̫ʢ󣬺ڰΪвŻὫϵǸϵʱѴ֮
û뵽㾹Ȼǻϵħʦǧ֮һĻϵħʦ峤ڣͰǾƹһǳĻϵħʦӦöɱҡУ÷
˵֣ǧһ٣üëһ
䣬飬֪٣



374 û˿ҩ

峤̫֪飬šüٴЦɱΧ˵ɣҲŲһ˶˵ϻ
ǧ򴽣
ֻҪɱΧͺˡ
ƺ֪ܶ飬Ҳ֪˭ǺѧԺļǺ
ʱϮǵĺ·˺ѳա
ǧšüһԭ
ɲǣСӿ£顱ϳһӣС֮ҲǴݲ
ǧۣȾһһ⣬һδȣԭ
˲䣬Сӿ£ϡ
峤صɴ۾ǣϵͽ׵ħܡ
һСѾͷȻӵ㰺ļܣһŷֱ˺òã
ˣһμܺͻǳŷǾӣ
峤ɴӣ𺳵Щ˵
˱ˡ
ǧ֪峤е𺳣ûϵܹЩˣʵ»𣬱ŵòҽӽ
еĻ治ϴӿ£ٴγһӣһֻ˱ҵ˲仯Ϊĩɢȥһۼ
Щ˶ģƷȴһСѾͷŪˣô
峤˫ɺ죬šüһ䣺ǿЩϣɱŮҾúڰĳϸһЩ̲ƷǱø
峤ĻһܱǿҲ˲öԻļɵٴηӵϡ
ˣ
ˣ
ǵĽŲأÿһǰǧܸо𶯡
ǧ򴽣ǾڵĻ˺˼֣ѲɣΪ峤ǾҪǱǿĻ
һ˻űǿʱһͱһѰ׹ˣôǿ
ǧҧгݣеѪ﷨ôһɲǣҫۺâ֮𣬴Ŀҧ۾
峤ʶԾæһСƿȡ
1
ǾϲЩɫĩͷ·ЩϵȵƷһ㡣
ǧüóȻж
Ǵ峤ЩʲôôЩ˵ã
ʳɫĩٴ̧ǧ
һǵĿ⣬ǧ͵صɴ۾Ҫһֹͣˡ
죬ղŻĿ͵ĻǣоŹ⣬תʱһüΪֲ꣬бѪ
ղŵЩɫĩû˱ñķĩЩ˵ʵ˺üСѾͷ͵ű˺Ѱɡ峤ͷЦ
ǧɭȻ
ֲЩЩԾԭ˿Ա䱩ķĩڰỹģʲôܷó
ĻһһϮǧзһת׼ӭս
峤򴽣ЦСѾͷͱ𷴿ˣЩ˽Ὣ˺ѡ
ǧתͻȻռСϺٻ
ǰôֶ࣬ǷģŲɵֻСϺպÿΡ
СϺպڿռ˯һٻͿĻϮⱻһ
ǧ˵ЩǻˣĴҿʵΡ
СϺһˣԭǴܰٶȼ촩Щ˵УҲ
СϺһѸٻ켣ڻȺУͻȻؽһɲǣһ˸ͣһֻƤ
ǧһۣ׵ҲΪԵԶεģҲܺɨһʵǿġ
峤ضСϺ꿴
һֻϵһֻ׵ϵ
ϵٶȼ죬óʹϵħ
οһֻ׵ϵȻΪǿ
峤¶һҪı鿴ǧŮҲ̫ˣ˻ͽ׻ϵ⣬Ȼӵһֻ׵ϵ
峤ҧгݣٴλɱǣɱǡ
ǱŭŲڵʱ춯ǲǰǰ
СϺ괩ڻȺУͻȻϵһ£ֱ˻ϣƬ˱׵оӲͣ˽Ų
ϵħڻϵħǿʱԵ񾭵ãЩ˾ͱסˡ
ֻеȵЩԸǲܶ
ǧСϺ꿴һۣͻȻͦãڻȺ࣬Ϊġ
˫΢еķתԽԽ죬󣬻ϵϵħʹá



375 Ĵʦ

׵縺ԣ渺ճɻҽħ໥ϣǧҲ
峤ٴǧɫ˼֡
ϵϵ
˫ϵħʦ
ɴδ˵ȸ½ﰡѲһֱڴڣǺ繵ͨԵʣ
峤¶һı飬ۼԼĻʣ޼ͻͻȻִ¶ȡһСƿӡ
СƿӴ򿪣ЩɫҺٽɫҺ棬ɲǣĺɫâøӾҡ
źɫâܽصڰܲ򲻹ӻ
˹ˣ
ˣ
峤µƬͻȻҺ״ĽѾҺУȻ
ǧʶԾŤͷʱͷִ峤ѾǶҺУҪӣ
ҧǰһλɱһֱȥ
ǣٶٿ죬Ҳ첻Щ˵Һ壬ѵֻŴ峤
ǧ򴽣͸¶һֲġ
ԲУкöҪλ峤Բߡ
㣬ٶ졣
峤ˣǰĺˮֱʱҺѾûĲˣֻһܻصڰܲˡ
СѾͷͱˣٶٿҲ첻ңϾҪصڰܲ㻹Ƿɡ峤׳˵һ䡣
ǧšüѸٸ˼֣ǣ峤µĲλѾûҺУѾˡ
ȭͷգɶЩִ峤Ͳлܵģ
ٿһͺˡ

顱
ǧأ԰յʱͻȻһ׵֮ڶ쳹
׵֮
Ƿ
ǧתͷȥͼһǿ׵ֻ֮˲ʹڴ峤ڵҺУܿ죬˵һĻˡ
еҺ徹Ȼֹͣ峤˱ǶУҲˣҲӲߣڱǱǶͱˡ

峤ҡͷԵģв˿־֮ɫ뱻
ǧҺֹͣЩȣ͵زȥͼ
һϮµķվڲԶ紵ۣɲǣҫ죬һͷҲŷһʱʤա
ǧһ˲ī˫
Ҳڿĺȴз籩һʱֺȻ⡣
áͻȻ˵
ǧеЩľͻȻָֻԭھȥģ֪϶ԣֱǰ
Ϊһֱǰ
еɫȥͻģһǳɫͫ׼䣬ʵǵǧƲУֻʣҲľˡ
ԺĪҪֻˡͻȻ˵˷ߵǧǰ
ǧֻһӰ£˲һֱֻͷ˼£ϧҲĻ峤ҪܵЩҲᱻߣʱЩ˽Ϊȸ½һ
εٴαû˵
ǧһۣȴķ˿üۣʹƲЩʲô
죬㽫Ŀ˻
γĬƬ̣ųڵҵĴƬطӦý̽ŶԣҲվ
ǧһ㶣ЩֲΪҪ˵޷ʵҲûˣϵħԴľԼһֻϵ
γϵСϺ꿴һֺۣܿ콫ĿͶǧϣ˵һỤȫԣκʧ
ǧ΢΢ɴٿͷͣ
令ȫ
ʲô̬˵ģ
һ˵ǴһЩ
ܾЩˡ
ģ̌˵Щʲôͱ峤ġˡ
ˣ峤ǶǵýŪһкЩҪǧڲĴ峤һ
ε漴һ־һ¡
¡һͽ̵ѡ
ǧŲͷ׵
ˣ峤ӵ˳˼ڿźࡣ
̿ˮŤͷܾͼҲվһ࣬ĿֱԼ峤һ㶣Ҳֹͣ
Ҳӣ˷ǰߵúŲҲΪƽȡ
ɾƽȵĽŲȴŪô峤󺧣̿ˮȴŲĽӽ
ܿ죬Ѿ峤ǰ
峤һ̧ܿ˫嵭޲˫˫۾ڿһˡ
峤̿ˮŵ̱ڵأҲڲϳ鴤
δһ仰Ҳ˵
峤ͷ󺧣ǰкˮð
ʦҪʲôôһ仰Ҳ˵
ǧ峤ΧǱߣ۾һУҲ̧˹ȥ



376 ڰĳ

峤ԼΧ£ƤһҲûκҪܵ˼ˣҲӲ
ǧ峤һֻһ̱ڵأЦһ漴ʵȻѾӳ죬ұҪ㣬԰˽٣ղ˵ǺڰҪѲںѧԺҲǵˣ
峤Ц˼βŵڰ˱鲼½˵ѧԺ᲻ǵˣ
ǧۣһСȹϣǸ˭
峤ֻһۣȴڳһӣԲ޿ɷ档
ǧɫɭղŻһģڵˣ
ġ
򴽣Ŵ峤
峤һɻǲ
ɫƺۼһ籩ΪҪˮŪôˣǺڰĿʲô
Ŀģ峤һ㶣ͻȻЦ˼ǺڰĿĺԣȻͳһ½ˣǵȸ½ֻǼƻеһСֶѣ
ۣɫһˮֻеһСݵ㣿ľݵ
峤΢㶣ʦȻ֪ˮֻһСݵѡ
Բ޿ɷ档峤üٴβ
ƲӣּΪĵһ䣺ǺڰܲĶӦǸ߲Աǹλϣ
峤ָһʦ²λϡ
η䣬һƶӦǺڰķϣЩ覴ãΪĻ˶»ϵȴᡣ
ٴһ㶣ݾ͵ˡ
ǧϿһֽۣĿͶڷϣڰܶ೤𣿡
οڻصөϼˮǺڰĴϣǸԶóĶ
ǧϸ
ٴοڵóղŵЩҺӦѵģөóҩЩʹû˱ҩ۱Ƴġ
ǧһ΢ȻƳֶʵڶġ
οһֵۣϼóĽӦǴѧģѧȴ©ٳһλˮóǶڷϲδκζҩ㽫ԵܴĿͷ
Ȿ翵˵һ仰ʱ˫һ׺ӹһâ
üʱǷʲô治֪Ρ
Һá
ǧ֪Щʲô˵ڰĴϵ¶ͷ̲סһڰᾹӵô༼ո߳ĳϣ뽫һһʵЩѶȡ
λ˵ЩʲôͱϵЦˡ
ǺڰƼɱģǵ鲼½أ᳤ǹԸ½ǵɡ
ǧһק峤½󣬵ǻ᳤˭
ֻЦû˵κλ
ǧҧʵǻľݵ㣬Щݵֱںδ
䶯ǣЦ޿ɷ棬޿ɷ棬
ǧק½Ŀ񣬡ǲ˵ʵ飬ҶΣ
˵ţȡȼĶذףеĶذ׷񣬵ʱ磬ٲҼ磬ֱ˵Ϊֹ
ǰɱعҲߣһֻҪ̣Щ־ᶨļһͻ˵ʵ顣
û뵽ǧô񶾣ֱӵɴ۾ȴַЦ
ǧ֪ΪҪЦüͷ
ʱ򡭡
ͻȻֹͣЦٽͷһҧ顣
ǧͻȻʶҧǶҩ
ȥֹϧѾˣϿѪһףֱӱ˹ȥ
顱һϵʬ嵹ڵϡ
ǧŵڵϵʬ壬üͷ֪ҩɱģЩֹʱʳЩʲôˡ
һգҲʧȥЩɫ
β̫ϲӣֱͷڰ˱ͽƻ㲻ΪʳϢܹ棿
ǧ΢㶣˵ûЩ˵ûҲмֵλ֪ͦ࣬ʵ˲ġ
γο޷һҲ߽һЩڰǽݵҲ㹻һˡ
ǧ˼֣һ˵ǵһ£ȻûʳЩʲôҲΪԼ½츣ˡ
ξͷΪ˳Ҳů֮ӣЩ֡
Ȼȷ츣ˣһȥ£νǵġ
ν
ΪŮɱͲˣν
ǧüëû˵νҲ޷νҲһģʱõĽӦûԼƽ֡



377 ʦΪŮҪʹ

뵽˴ǧ͵һ¡
ôô룿
ѵ˾ΪεĶԼ
Ҳ̫ˡ
һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ôҪν𣿡νֿļͷʵ
ǧʶ̧һǳǳζ¸ҼνȻҪģ±²ңҲ֪ǰЩӷ£һ׷Բ̨Ūˡ
ַֽͷϣ޷²ΣҪνá
˵ǧֻ÷ⰲģһͷ
ͷٴο˵Ǹûˡ
Ҫȥ
ǧָ⣬ͻȻһ㱣ˮеͦġ
һ𣬸ľ
뵽˴ǧͻȻһ죬Ѳɣͷι磿
ٽԴ£÷ο˿̵ı顣
μ˵̲סΪβ˵ǲȥ𣿡
ǧȻ̧ϵ糺ûȥȥȻҪȥˣ˭˵Ҳȥģ
һЦ⣬Ǳȥɡ
ǧ粢š
صͤһͽʥȥˡ
ʵһѾͼȥӭӣʦǻˣ˵ҹ˵ȥˣ
겻ͤ˷Ȼȥ񣬿ϡ档
ǵı¡΢΢˸ˮҵһڰľݵ㡣
һںڰ£ʵȻɴ۾ڰ᣿
̧ǵģڰýˮȫƳ˻ˣڰķҲڴС
һڰ᳤ϵ֣ʵ۵ɫ˱䣬ˮ⣬ŪЩ빥޵𣿡
΢΢һ٣ſ˵ǵģݵѾ٣ҲѾԾڰʧһԱ󽫶԰ա
ѾԾϢʵϲųһĨЦ⣬ϾȻԾˣ
εʵһĨЦݸ֣ʦٻ˺ڰľݵ㣬ϸɱˣδ緢ˮֻԺֽһսʦȸ½ĸǣ޵ұۡ
ξ˵
ʵۿʵʦҪʹͣ
̧һι£һܳɹݵ𣬲ֻһ˵ĹͣһҲԴ˰֡
ʵ΢㶡
ǰӲ˽һݵ㣬ȻǺһɵģ
ȸ½˭ܺͷһ
ʵüͷ¡̲סһ䣺ͬʦһݵǺˣ
νëǰ״ΪҵķˣһͬȥˮģҲסŲģҲеǰ˳
ʵɫأָҲŲ˲ǧ
ε
ʵ£üͷ˵
ǸŮҲμξݵΧˣ
ʵиӣһ뵽Ů׷ڼ飬ľ̲ס˵ȸ½һ˫ϵǼΪ顣
ǧǸһֱǧ
˫ħʦô붼Щ֣ǷΪֻŮˡ
Ŀ⵭֪ʵмɵǧ˼£еļɵԾ޷
ʦ˴ǰΪǧȡʹ͵ģʵۿʵ
ףǵı£ǧݵй͸ʹ͡
ʵ۳ĬƬ̣̾˿ˣȻǧܵй޾ʹҰ޴ȥʥּ
ٴθлʹ͡
ʵۿΣٴ̾һſʵʦҪһֱôǧ𣿡
βӣƽ޲ȻҵޣȻҪȫ
һ̣ʵ۸ϲ֮鵴Ȼ޴棬̫ѨЩۣһŰڰ֣ʦȥɣЩˡ
ŷ뿪
صͤУηǧڴгԶ
ѾΪ׼ĸ㣬ζ
ǧųűȥܿͷַλˣˣô˵
λߵǰǳ֮˵ҪʹҰʥּ
ǧеĿӷ£ڣһҵֿ϶ͻͷۣƽֻǴ˵ƤӲİɣ
ϸŴỽξȫĶ泩˼ֻ֣˼£δ˵Ƥӡ
ǧһתͻȻʵǱʹһЩʲô



378 ű

ҡͷ²δ˵ӦҲֻһЩҰɡ
ǧ˫΢ЩҲǼҵĿⷿ
Ǽҵġ
˵Σһ˿켣
ܾղ˵Ĵʻ㣬á
ǰⷿӦһ
ǧûеı仯ִӳԸ㡣
ûãʵµ̫ܹܾʥּˣмС̫żľӡ
˵ݣ̫ܹûǹ½ּٽʥּչǧڰݵйʹͽҰ򣬴ʦΪȸ½뻢ѨǴһشͽǧϺôһУһԡ
ʥּ̫ܹܾ͹ؽʥּݽУǸǫģžһ͹
ǧͷ˸ۣͲٿ
̫ܹ˵˼仰뿪
뿪ǧſ˵´治Ȼʹôණ
νֿͷ࣬ҵģġ
ǧͷһ˫Ҳغ˼֣ʹͻȻ̧Ϸʵľҵģأǲҵģ
û뵽ôʣЩ㶡
򴽣һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧʼ磬ɵʦȻɣҾ㿪˵ЦưŵģҲԽҵĻӵֻЦѡ
֮䷢˺ܶ࣬˵Ụɲġ
˭Ҳ֪
ǧü۵ʹе¡
΢΢۾ղֻʦò
Цʡ
ģ̌һۣе԰ֻЦ
üδ˵
ǧЩڣָָһԵתƻղѾΪ׼ĸóԣȥһЩ
䣬ֻתֻһӰ
νıӰɫϣ
ڰܲ
һŰµڸλϣߣһ˫ȴǾǻԣޱȡ
᳤һӵϥأˡ
֧ӣ廪ɤд˷ɫө˵һ顣
ө̧ϴżֳɫˮŪ˸ݵ㣬ݵƫηˣʩͽݵٻҲƵ÷Ծˡ
΢΢£ָ⣬м룬ΣǷΡ
ˮݵõģЩӷúܺãݵ㻹δͱǼһƻʵڽ޷ܡ
өüֵۣʵȥˮҲֹһˡ
һɻɫһֱҲ˺ݵ㣿Ǹ˭
өش𣺡ǷȢķˡ
ǧӽ૶
өǴŮƾһ֮ˮĻˣǺŸϵģŮʵǿ˫ϵԺ»ΪǺڰĴ鷳
ɫ΢ϴɱſ֮¾Ȼӹһ٣Ҳбµģܽʩ׷Բ̨ٻ
뵽Բ̨ٻ˫ϵħʦЩ𺳡
Ůʵ˾̾ȥʵڿϧ£ƫ̫ͷ϶ʵڽѡ
өܸܵŭ⣬᳤費Ҫȥɱ
֣ã±λţ˲ʱʲôأڰֽʧһԱ󽫡
ө󣬱Ҳ˴ɱͷĲףΪҪ㻤λǧȻԿǻʵ϶ȢΪޣѲ飿
üˣ
ǷʲôĿġһ˵һ䣺ǧŮҪⶢһЩҾϿǱʲôܡ
өףǵĻ᳤Ҷȥǧġ
Сŵ㡣Ӷһ䣺Ů񣬲С
өӦһ뿪
ӿөıӰٴαۡ
ǧ
Ȥ
㣬ǧҪطȴͻȻһ硣
ҲûðѲ߶
θһ¾ٽͷʵ𣿡
һĨ㴫ǧıͷҫۣû˭߶Ұɡ
ǲַֻʣһ£䲻䣬ҽ·㣿
ǧҪͷӻ
γֹľٶ޷㴩žͺãԷҲǰ
ģ̌ȥֻҪ߼͵Էˣ££ϵۣȻ˵Ҿˣ˾͸˵



379 δ˶

εϵ£ƺܽľ׳Źն
ǧĿƣ̲סֱۣνĿͶ㬽Ŀջء
ص䣬ǧһ۾Ϳҡҷͣ
ιڷϣֻһȴˣò˼顣
ǧϴ˼ۡ
ĺúÿ
üĿʹҲĿͶϡ
ǧһ㶣ϵȡ£ݵУڶصˣ·ûȥɡ
ν۽ӹܸоɢȶȣǡȶȡ
·ڼͷΡ
ǧߵݣϴһŤͷڴˡ
ߵߣӸµ
˯ˡǧ˸ǷԵĴĵˣҲ°ɡ
ο˵һһЩҪġ
ǧűӣġ˯һ
Ŷ鷿ڵõġˣǰҡҷͶϣɲǣӰȾʱʥ
ǧ˯һʱַġӺ棬˳ŨܵĽëҲȾһΣرÿ
ôġǧͻȻڣЩɳ˯⣬ж٣
̧ѬůͶһɫһЩˡ
ǧƷЩɫ鲻Щ㱡
οһּۣʼġ
ǧһԺ˯ˣ˯ð˯֮ʣԵĴһݣţһ˽
ǧ΢΢Ƥӣ͸΢⿴ǷΣġˣ
Ժһ䡣
εͻȻǰḧ
ǰıǧһ㱣˿˿
ͣͻȻֻסε֫һɲǣϵıƮıǼ⡣
죬ֺţˡ
ס֫ε΢΢һͼǧѾ˯ţղŵⷬҲʶġ
˵СѾͷܲô󵨵ġ
ϱӣ¶˯
α۾ˡ
ŷС֣˼Ƭ̣ͻȻֽСְסˡ
ɲǣһůָӣ۾
δһĨǳǳ۾˯˹ȥ
ǧҡ
ǽճԷЩһĿΧڲǰҲΪڡ
ǧˮеķ״˵µ˼ǺöѧɺѧԺǶòײŽȥģѧжȲİ
ó⻹ǿôͱѧأ
ǧٷ̸ǧ⣬̲סӣ㱻ѧҲԼģ͵ϹԲ̣ȥӺԵˣûҪѾһ档
Ứתĵֵ츳汻ѧ˷츳һɾ˰
ϥǧǧˮŮǧ츳ãǧˮ츳ƽƽѶעȫѹǧˡ
£Ȼ˵Ͼͷˣ
ҧгݣҾҪΪǧѩˣǧѩǴ˵ŮƫһλŮʵڽ˶Ĳѡ
ˣҲԼġǧٷĵ
ﻹ˵ȴǧѩϣͱ˵ˣβģµľҲ޷ҵģʵЩˡ
˵ݺݵۣȴҲҶ˵ʲô
ǧѩֵ꣬ף˵ʦ˺ڰһݵ㣬д£
ǧٷش𣺡ȷ£һ˵ʦڰķҲһŪˡ
ǧѩȾһЦ⣬Ҿ֪ʦġ
˵ܾˣǧѩǲǸΪ˵ˣȢǧǾǷа顣
ʥŮע⣬סͤ
ǧѩϸţסеĿӡ
ǧˮһۣ״˵һ˵ͬʦһľݵ㣬»ʹ͸öҡ
ǧѩһͷһĨҲȥˣ
ǧˮǰ㲻֪𣿡
Ҳ֪ǧѩЦЩӲ
ʦ֮ˣΪνݵ㻹ҪǷ
ǧٷ̸ǧһӣȵٸǸŮˣͺǧҶϾ˹ϵ˺㲻ǧҵС㡣
ǧˮŵòҳ
ǧѩпӣɫ΢˼֡
ʹΣʥŮΪһ
ֳЩʱһѾܹ桭



380 ǧ

үСˡѾ˵Ѿϲɫ
ǧٷָһ٣˵ǧˣ·Żˣ
ѾͷǰСˣ˾ڴſڣūͰ
ǧٷ籾Щһ뵽ǧҪѧˣҧеļҲȻ޴棬ţȥɡ
Ѿܿͽǧ˹
ǧЩһֱηȹ˶˲٣ҲһζǱþһؤ
ʱ˶ЩģֱƹϣŻȻѡ
ŮЩӺÿడǧ۾̾Ϳޱˡ
ۣҲ˲಻࣬վͽӵ뻳УŮЩӿܿˣ
ܵĸ׵ůǧ޵øˣǶ۸ңҳʣʣˣһҪΪ
¡һüͷ£ص˭Ҳ۸ˡ
ءǧɿ޵ġ
ǧٷ翴ۣͻȻʵ¾ôŻˣɷ˵Щʲô
ǧһɫͻȻɷףǸ˵ѧ
һǧٷǵɴ۾
汻ѧˡ
ǧٷ汻ѧˣ
ǧһսӲͷƤ汻ѧˡԺΣҪȥͱ˵һʵڲѧ
ǧٷһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧŵɪɪͷȴмּܣǱѧ˺ʲôѧԺҪʱΪһǴķ׸
öţǰקǧѩ䣬㣬ȥ°ɣҵѧʥŮӵѪѪ¿϶ġ
ϵζ˱Ƕǧѩɫһ䣬ȴΪºͣãǴ㲻㣬ʵ̫ϹԲ̱һֱܿ͵ѾĽɣȥ˵ʲôµľ޷ı䡣
ǧɫɷףǲԣֻܱѧΪһǴķ𣿡
ǧѩ򴽲
ǧȦ죬һﻳС
ǧٷ类÷겻㱻ѧҲԼģӼȥסƫԺɡ
ƫԺ
ǲǧסõط
ȥסΪΣѲɣǧסһ
ƫԺסõطҪҰȥֻ²ðɣǧָͷŲסƫԺƸã
ǧٷһǧǧҶϾ˹ϵ˺󣬱㲻̤ǧҰ벽ûʲôõġ
ʲôǧԲǧǧҶϾϵˣʲôʱ£
ǧٷû㱻ڼ䡣
ǧҧҧǧϵȴôҲ˲ǧϵˣԺס
ͤסţҪ̫áǧٷ̡ۣ
ǧһ٣ҪǷףԭΪֻȨ֮ƣû뵽Ȼġ
Ƿ˴ʦķˣҲ֦ͷˡ
ǧⲻս˫ȭһƬȻ֮ɫ
ԣҪƫԺɻ飿ǧٷʡ
ǧЩԸɵǵ˵ͷŮˡ
ҹ
ǧƫԺ󣬾ȥϴ˸衣
ϴһ
ǧ⴩Ѿȥţһһ㶣㣬ôˣ
ǧѩ̤ݣʵڼªлһɫָֻƽҾסúòá
ǧšüôסúãôª
Ƿסĵطܾúöģ
ǧѩЦЦһſ˵ҲʵڹЩöסƫԺƫԺª治һСסĵط
ΪԼ˵ǧίˣѧ£ҲὫҸϵ㣬ĲȥѧԺ𣿡
ǧѩ̾Ϣ¼ȻѾּͲȥˡ
ǧ˲ҡ
ǧѩһۣ״˵ʵڱδּǰϣñ¸ıġ
ô˵ǧ¶ɻ
ǧѩⷺģֻҪǧȥʦ˵˵ôʦΪ飬¶Ȼı⡣
Ը⣿ǧͷһ
ǧѩͷǰ̬ȼΪԸ⻹ǧ˹ϵ治֪ʯĳ
ǧ󲻽˫ȭҲ¶һĨɫǧԴңҺƲ
ж֮⾡ԣǧѩ󴽽ǲԾ𣬡ãЪϢ뿪ˡ
䣬ǧѩ뿪
ǧ뵽ǧ飬Թ
ʱҹ



381 һݵ

ǧ˯˯ţͻȻоһ䡣
͵ضһ£ô߶
һǳߣоڶ£͵۾ʱͼǧδֻЩ
ΪˣֽһЩ
һ֮ЩģͲӺǧɡ
ɲǣ˺֯һһĨ컽
Ϊ䣬ֽ֫סҪů
˸ͬһӣһⳡ˵ǧûʶһ㣬Ұͼ˯š
գ컹ûǧͻ
ŸһŷŴĿվͳǰýܿŨ˳Ľë
ǧ͵صɴ۾һķʽһ
⡭ôһˣ
ģԼģ
ǧһ˲ӽӲҶһҲˣ˯һ𣬺
Ҫεָȴô򴽣֮ʱͻȻˡ
ʹ˫
ǧ֪һˣľ;Ҳ˫Ҳ͸˼֣Ǹǡ㡭
Ŀ̹ɤдһֳʱɳƣҹ˯˯Щ䣬ұǸȡů
˵̹ǧ򴽾Щζ
ʦǹĻ£ֻΪȡůѣȫȻûԵ˼
ǧëеһҲɢȥͻȻ֣󵨵ڷؿڴȦȦлΪȡůպˣҲΪȡůġ
΢㶣ȾһĨΣȴֺܿʧ鷳ˡ
ˣ
ǧԲôЩˣδйԼˣֻɳƵ⻹ͦƺҲǳ
һƣиѹȥٴֳƲסˡ
˼룬λȻ֧ӣȥˡ
ǧıӰţϴ
Ҵҳ緹ȥѧԺյѧԺ֣˺ڰһݵ㣬ѧϽ¶Ц⣬ߴߴһ̲ͣ
ǧʼ磬Сľݵķȥû߼˾
һϯµ˾ͬ£һ׺
˾ǰ⴦طʲôǧѯʡ
˾Ŀ㡣
⴦طڵ㡣
ңǧЩĪüЩЦʵʲô
ɲǵúҪá
˾վԭأīɫĳ£˫ڰ׷ͫоº֮ɫֻЩҪ㡣
ģ
ǧëԾЩɻ󣬡˾ǰҪЩʲô
˾ʵֻˮڷ顣
ǧ΢䣬ǰʡ
˵ڰķѾˣǲģ˾㲻˵ţ
ǧȻģʱԾʬͱˮС
˾üĿʹһ̧ԭˣû뵽ȻˣʱһΪѧں˵
ǧ΢˫˾ǰƺԷܸȤ
˾ֱԲǰͷʱҪץȴˣó֮ܵıһʦѵҲסˡ
ȷġǧһЦζ
˾һۣͻȻЦʵʹʦˣЩӹÿɻã
û뵽ʣǧһſ˵ͦõģҺܺá
˾Ц
ǧĿ⣬ʵ˾ǰɻʲô飿
ˣһҪ˵˾ЦݣͻȻ
࣬ǧҲ˼֣˾ǰ˵ʲô
ûˮ屻¶һʶʲôҷһˮƣҲǺڰľݵ㡣˾˵ţɫΪ˼֡
ǧĵһƬȻʲô䣿
˾صһĵط
˾ǰǺʱģǧ۾벻⾹ôݵ㡣
˾һ£ŵǰЩ񾭹ĴЩŹ֣ȴҲûô⣬ϸϸӦǺڰľݵɡ
ǧһȻǾݵӦñȥͬ˵һ
˾æֹȱȥͬʦ˵
ΪΣǧɵؿ䡣
˾Ŀ⣬ٿЦҲֻҵĲ²ѣ黹δŪ֮ǰܾ˴ʦ



382 Ϊ㵯һ

˵ǧҲ⻰ͦе¶ȷܶ࣬ǲ˵ָΣ
Լȥ̽һ˾Ц󣬡ҪҪһͬǰȥ̽
һȥ飿
ǧüͷ΢¡ⴹ˼
һ̽ĻҲǲԣҷƽͦæΪֵһЩҲǲġ
áģ̌Ŀͬһȥ̽飬ʱǺڰľݵͽ𡣡
˾ǹ𣬺һ֮⣬պͷ
ǧͷӦһ
ȷʱ֮˷ֵ
ǧЩȥһҩʦᣬŻصͤС
طŸһߵſڱӷдϵһǲŽ룬¾˵֮ˡ
Ϊͬˮͷĳ
ͷʶˣӲ֪Ȼḧ٣һͬɼֻ֮ɾв
ܿȻֹͷ·ղŵһжǴ
ǧȻѣؿ鹾ǲ̤롣
ʱһ翵ϣô
ǧԭŽ룬һţͷǰһѻƻľƳɵĹ٣ҸʵǰϺõ١
Ҹղڵ٣뾪ûҽͻȻ͵
޷θŪңüᣬԺҸ٣Խнġ
ǧŵ˵ͷã֪ˡ
̧㻹𣿡
ǧԥ
ú
Ҳ񿴿ʱģ
δḧŪңɲ֮ڶ쳹
࣬ڶͷۣǧ䲻ɣҲܴ⾳ͺһ˵Գһ
滺˵ҲԾ
ǧͷؿΣ˿ʹüۣ渧Ūң°ҷڵأɢǺڵһɳƯǳ
΢˫ɲǾͱԻסˡ
˶Լķ
һˣνִϳһ̧㷢ǧԼȻмֿɰ
𣿡ʡ
ǧͫ׽ŷΣһŵʲôӣźõӣ
ˡε˵ţڿǧʱ׺һ⡣
ˣ
ǧ߶֣ٿסˡ
ⲻǱ׵𡭡
ҵǷˣǧһ䣬˫Բ
εȫްղ㲻ʱҵоӼҿ㲻ϲ͵һȽ滺ķˣɻϲ
ԭϲӣŵһ滺ӣ˼Ҵʦڵʱ򣬸ûǱŵ˼
ȴ˰죬˿Щ޴
˼Ҷ⣬Լʲô
ǧԼƣŵ㵯ʲôӶղſӲ㵯ҲҶϲ
ͻȻʣϲһף
ǧգۣëȫģܾ׶ܲӲҪ˵ĸãһ˵
ʵȽϲȥˡ
˵
εһû֪˿Щʲô
ǧǰ滨ľһۣͻȻվַұ棬ɲǡһ
γȥ
ŵøϽ֣ȵҾԿҶѣû뵽Ҿȫֵزӵˡ
ЩЦ⣬ȫҽ㵯ٿɺã
ţǧЩ
γ֣ɤ
ϸüۣǧܵƻһ㣬һǱȥ
ߵǰͻȻֽץסȻһʩ
ǧֻһתʱ˾˷εĴϡ
ȡ
ǧ˼ֻۣһѣʲô
α鵭ĮصΪ˷㵯٣ʱӦֱܷӱȽϺá
ǧһ㶣ھĸã
ʦ˼ܽ׽塣
ǧ֮ʣѾִ˫ַ֮ϣʩϲŪתɲһỺ֮к
ǧֻ˫˿˿ģ󱳶׳ţϢʱʱòĺ󾢣һ˲ڸķҡ
ʵǷ桭
֮кһ
ǧЩԼָŵģЩˣѧᵯ𣿡



383 һӵ

ʣûѧ𣿡
ǧգգ۾ٿ¶һĨɫܲܲѧ٣㶼ѾѧҴɲѧϰ
ĪΪΣ
ǧüЦô󵨣Ϊҵ࣬ҺοȥѧЩҲ϶Ϊҵİɣ
΢΢С֣˻ųһᡣ
ǧЦ˫䣬糽Ϊҵһ𣿡
ɫһΣֲ֪׵ӿǳǳӦһᡭ
ǧȻɴ۾ոǸⲻϹʵģû뵽ξȻ붼ûʹӦˣӦôɴࡣ
֪֪һӾʲô˼
ղ˵ʲô˵һ𣿡ǧ򴽰꣬ղз紵û塭
˵һᡣ
ǧ󲻽Ŵ꣬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ѵһӺԼһ
ǧĿͣҧ˶ǸҡҪȥһˣҪܾòܻ㲻Ϊҵĵġ
ȥ΢˫ȥĶ
ȥȥǧӹµһתЩ˵ǵʱ˾ͬһȥ˵ҪȥѰһʲôҲǺ
˾Щ
ǧǰ˾ѧԺǰ
еɢȥ֪ѧԺĵһţͷʢһȥȷʵΪȫ
ǧǳǳһЦ㲻˵
δһŮǼ⣬һڣһ˾ԼҲҪСһЩ
ǧЩȻ֪
ζָĬ
ǧֻץţȴûңһʱֻѡ
βδץûţֻůǳ
ǧЩڵض˶ӣһźƤ󵨵Žҵ֮һֱקҵֲţĪϷңѾǷޣбҪϷ𣬻˵ϲȤ
ƤӶûգһ£ΪҲԡ
ǧ䶯꣬Ѿû˵ȥˡ
ôôɣ˵ʲôͲ粵һ£
һѧ˻٣Żط˯
ǧȥȺ˾û뵽ȥʱ˾Ѿˡ
ú磬Ⱦ𣿡ǧǰʡ
˾ҡҡͷҲŸյ
ɴһϮӣվڹ֮ǳǳһЦͬһŵİ
湫ӣ
ɾãҲ޷ͷα⣬ǧ˼һ̶ˮյͺãһΪǰá
˾ҡҡͷδ
ǧ󣬼̶ֿڵǾ̰ɡ
˾£ã߰ɡ
ߣ߸ģǸССׯҲԴģԴǱڰռ죬ʵЩϧ
߻ǸġǧͻȻ˵һ仰ϴεˮɽУɭּ䣬ȥĵ·ȴƽȣֱƽء
˾Ц߱͸ģΪ˺ڰľݵʵڿϧ
ǧǰǿϧ
˺ܿ塣
վڴͷǧֵܸܵķΧϴȥˮܵȫͬ˵õĻˮǵ
õĵطӦòǺڰľݵŶԡ
˾ͻȻָǧļͷЦ˵ֵܸܵķΧ²ɵģΪڰǽƻˡ
ǧջĿ⣬ŵͷӦһ
˽뵽УһɲֵķΧٴ
ＫΪߵĵ·ΪЩ񻹿˼ӣŸָĶǳԵĶҲкöࡣ
ǧϿ˼ۣ϶飬ҲЦʵǰЩӼĻˡ
Ϊ˾Ҫ˵ӹŹأ
ǧֳΧ˿ȴǰ˼⡣
˾ǰҾͦãʵǺڰľݵ㡣ǧѹ
˾һۣеЩ㶨Ȼղŵ뷨
ǧЩɻ󣬡ãȥ
˾ǧһջڡ
ºһЩʳڷʱ˾ɫص˵λС㿴λСûпʲô֮
ģ̌ȥٿͫһ¡
λСȻǰЩӿĻһ
˫ͣɫҰףȫ½֮һ˻С
ܾûʲôıѲɣȫİղ
ǧ룬ë𣬡λСȷʵŹֵĽһСм϶Ǳʲôܣǲֻ䶼⡣



384 ˾Ļ

˾ҲģϴξûֹŹ֣ûɴ
ǧѹ˵ڷҲЩʱٶԸС´̫Ҿɿֻš
˾üĿͣòİ취ˣ㻹ϸġ
ǧǳǳһЦδ˵
˳궫䷿Ϊ˶Ŀڷ͵͵۲ʲôǾͻϳ֡
ɿһᣬδֵСʲô־ٶֻ˫͵ʵڽľս
ǧɭ䣬ơ
Сʼնڶ˲̣صĺܣǧ򴽣Щܡ
ҹ
ջҪˣλСʰŶ뿪
ǧۣȥ
˾˫ڰУƺ˸һ΢⣬һŸǧĽŲ
ҹׯƽżǵƻӴ͸ܿͱϨˣСǰȥƺ֪ڸ
ǧСţһˣҲҷκ
ܿ죬Сͣһ䷿ſڣשɵģȥΪι̣С붼ûѾŶ롣
ǧſ˼ۣ˼νȥŲᱻ֡
ʱ˾ֿļϡ
ǧ͵ز˾еĽ䱸һЩСˣҲȥһ̽
˾Ŀ°ᣬҸոտΧǽǱиȱڣǴȥӦòᱻ֡
ǧʱһЩãȥȱǱ߿
ȱڵĵطǽ汾ͦߣȱھͶʱͰһأǧһͽȥˡ
˾ԭվ˻Ҳ˽ȥ
ΧиͥԺȥΪªͷĻҲȫήˣЩûдֲûȫҲѹָ֣һ˴
ǧܿ˿ͥԺĲЩ֣˾ǰûоͥԺĲЩ֣
˾ҲΧ˿ȷʵЩ֣ȴ˵һȻ
۲ͥԺãдһ

ǧȻɴ˫ѲǵСף
˾һۣ˶ʱԴȥ
顱һǧһŽ߿
̧ȥ龰ʱͫͻȻһ¡
ǸСһ׷ԲԵɱˣŵĸ첲һһڿʳ
ǳѪȶĲǧر¡
˾Ȼ˿ڣ¡
ƺ֪ǧЩʲô˾ڵЩýĻˣ볤ôͱʳ⣬ֻѾܾˣһոýĻǲġ
ǧͷ΢΢һԭˣû뵽ֻ˻鷳
ȷʵ鷳˾̾һڰľϲ鷳Ķʵڿɺޡ
ǧ򴽣ֵСڿʳŵĸ첲
ǸӦλСĸףףȴԼҶӲɱˣǿɱ
˳һӣͻȻЩԾͷоƽ׶ˡ
ĿͣǴմȾһЩѪպѪ⣬˶Ĳѡ
ǧӣɭȻ䣬ֶͲ磬ڻҳˣȻðźá
СǧĻʱ캿һٿմȾһɱ⡣
˾ͻȻǰǧ󣬵СģѾϺܳһʱˣʵԲС
ǧҲܲʵЩ˻Ҫǿ
šüĿ䲻ѣ˾ǰǺĨɱ
˾á
ʱСһͻȻϮٶȼ죬˫ŤżֺȻɱ⣬ΪצһһʽΪǱĶ̾ͱ˺ѡ
˹ǿ
ǧ˾ƵͥԺУСתŴ͵ӣҲͥԺС
顱ƷٴϮ
ֻ˲䣬ͥԺǸʯʾͱƷ˺ѣһء
ǧţŴǣû뵽Ż˵Ʒ羹ǸʯӦǼΪ̵ģȴôһ¾ȫѡ
˾ͻȻֵСģǻ˵Ĺˡ
䣬ȷƷϮ
ǧһ㶣һߡ
һֱӽһԵĿŪֻá顱һɺȻأ˲۳
ǧһۣüͷǸղŪϣĽֹƻһ㡣
˾һۣͻȻ߽ħɲǣһҫޱȵħŵ»ģһȻ桰ৡһ¾
͸һŻ⣬ǧܴӻм俴һ˿˿ĳɫ
дȵĻ棿



385 ʲôط

˵˾ĻϵħǱģܼӿԼٶȡһǰ˽׵Ļϵ
뵽˵ĻǧٴγϵĻ濴ȥ
ͻȻĻǾޱȣԶǧҲܸܵȣ·Ҫձϵÿһ缡˲ͷš
ǿ
˽׵Ļϵħǿ
ԼҲ˰˽ף᲻Ҫǿ
˾֪ǧЩʲôȾһ˿棬ԶԶȥڷһĨܣɹһȫɢȥˡ
ǧЩƵüͷղѲǿˣ
֡
˾ͻȻ֣Ļͬһ㣬ৡϳСȥ֮ҲܵӰ죬˲һƬ
ǧ˼ۣɾ̾סˡ
ǰ˽׵Ļϵħǿһ£ܽǴݲԭȶͷ𺳣ıǾޣΪĻޣ
ǧָ⣬ȥæɷﲻæֻҪ˾һ˾ܽˣ
˾ĻͻȻûһ޴ٴγСϮȥ
Хܵȸнڡ
ǧǻϵħʦԼȸޣЩȻȣղҲûоκβʡ
̧ȥֻǸСع
죬˾ĹʵңΪǵСܶѲɣ˾Ҫ
ǧ򴽣ֱϵħϵ˵񾭣ҪСܲܶȥ
׵ģǧе׵âɣ͵һ̧֣׵羹Хȥʱƺƴ
ֻáһЩ׵羹ֱֱ˵Сϡ
׵׵ûʲôЧȴǲСϲ׵磬ܿжʹǰˡ
˾˳ʤ׷
ޱȵĻ治ڵСȼգСڻв˻ţĽ˲ȥ
ǧŻеĵСɫɭȻûа
ʱ򣬻еĵСȻֹͣ˽
ǧΪѾһˣ̧ȥʱ˫һ¡
ǸСûаʹ֮ɫվڻоȻڡЦ
ǧľ죬ȴ벻ͨΪҪЦŵСҪЩʲôٶɿ˰죬Сվڻûжһ¡
򴽣Щˡ
ʱ˾ͻȻߣһСġ
ǧ͵ؿܣͻȻͥԺĵ濪ʼˡô£ѵСʲôأ
ǧüͷδüϸ˾ٴδ
Сġ
кš
ǧٴ̧ǰиﵹüҪѣʱ򡭡˾˹ֱ彫Ǹﵲ¡
顱һ
ֱֱײ˾ϣƺһֻһ
ǧٽ˾סЩŵʵ˾ǰû°ɣ
˾ҡҡͷɫЩ԰ס
ǧ۾ղѵģʱ˾ƫƫֵΪʲôأ
ֻǲˣһЩʲô
ǧЩףȴǶмָм˾ǰҪ뿪ط
˾ʵ̲סһĨѪգãߡ
ɵҪߵʱ򣬵ݵøˣʱһĪӵص´ڳǧҪ룬ϧʵǿֱӾͱȥˡ
ǧֻһתӦ֮ʣĵط˾޴ı仯
ʲôط
ôƣɽڵλúһɽ
ǧһ㶣ٳȥֻڲƯ֮±Ԩ
̿ˮٽĿ˻
⵽ʲôط
ʲôطȿȡ˾дżȥƺ̫á
ǧ뵽˾Ǻһģڵǰ˾ΪסڵֻЩá
Ťͷͷ˾һԵʯϣɫףѡ
Ҳ֪Ķǧǰʵ˾ǰû°ɣ
˵ţʹӿռȡһѪ˾ºɫҲࡣ
ܿ˿ͻȻ˵һɽĵط
ǧǰһɽҾͲ֪ˣҲ֪Ǹݵĵ澿Ϊλͨѵǻþ𣿡
˾ҡҡͷﲻǻþһʵĴڡ
ǧһʵĵطôᡭ
˾üۣ˼Ƭ̺ŵλ֣ǰкܶ£ǵСжȻӵǱ˵£Եʱǻᱻ͵ط



386 öβʵ

ǧҧҧǸô˻ϰ
ֲõʱǻ˻Цԭ뽫Ūط
ʲôطǧʡ
˾ֵڴǣڵûв´ĻӦǺɽ
ǧĪʲôɽ
˾䴽ЦҲһɽ˼Ǻסɽÿʱɽϱкö
ǧܿһۣûпʲôڿʱδ⴦ططȸ½𣿡
˾ȸ½ֻطƫƧΣգ鼮ϲδأǸ˽Ǵ͵طֻҲûҪǻ·
ǧһطǳȥ
˾ָָ棬ƣɽվԨΪߵóȥ
ǧһʱͲ˵ˡ
˾һͻȻ˵һǸԲһͬ̽飬Ҳᱻ뵽¼УҲ֪ܲܳȥ
ǧһۣҡҡͷ޷ܻ̽ⷢҲ»ǵ룬Ҫô뿪طźá
˾ȷʵվҲܷ
ǧӶЦ
ʱкöȺӶ
Щͨɫʱӫڲͣ˸Ư
ǧ˼ۣܾЩмϤС
ôЩЩϤָЩ
˾˵Щʲôܿ㿪ڽ͵ЩǾβʵʦѡӵѪѪ֮ʱõñֺ
βʵ
ֲϤԭڼǰƹģ
ǧȴԾЩɻ󣬡²˵βʵǷεΪɽôβʵѲɣǷģ
˾ǳǳһЦɲ񣬡ʦľβʵҲǴץģپѵץľβʵͱ÷ԣͳɴʦˡ
ԭˡǧ¶һĨȻЦݣһΪĺǷģҲǴץġ
˾ӹ磬˴վΨдʦ֮˲ܵ
ǧˣλҵǣǴ
һ뵽Σǧͷͣ
ʱ򡭡Щβʵ˵һ㣬ٳǧķȥ



387 ճ˵ľβʵ

ǧųȺӶľβʵɱһ
Ƿɹʲô
Ὣɻ˰ɣ
βʵųһֻֻ˲ļͷ
ǧˣĵһƬȻβʵֶֻͦϴѪѪϵ
һֻֻȫô£
Ѳɣ潫ɻˣ
ǧһ뽫Щߣǲ߾ܵʲôһ
򴽣ЩЦã˾ǰΪЩβʵճˣ
˾ڣβʵͨԣǼ㲻˺ǣǲճİɡ
ǧʵ𣿡
˾Ӧģôβʵȫճ㵹ЩˣǾβʵѾѡӵѪѪ֮ˣҶҪΪѪѪ
˵Щʱ˫Щ䣬ҲһĹ䡣
ǧ͸ȴЩִ˵ѪѪϵŹˣ˾ǰǲҪϹ˵ˣǰҺǧѩסһմȾһЩϢźŻճҵġ
˾ЦЦɫȴЩ͵˵ܱͨβʵճסҲĸ˺㶨ḣİɡ
ǧЦ
˵˼仰Ϳʼˡ
ΧҲûʲôֻ֦ûϵħΧ
ȻǺɽΣյģʲôͻȻڳ
˾ӽָռȡһЩˮʵѾôˣȥ˵ҪҪȳЩ
ǧеĸռˮеЩãó֪Ϊʲô˾һ˵Ľ䱸
ûġ
ҪԣллǰˡǧֽˮԴӹ
ɰͰͣˮþҲ̫úȣǧЩˣҲûƽ̫࣬ȫԹˡ
˾ô̾һϸһЩǾͲطûǿ϶ڼгȷˣֻи
ǧͣȰο˾ǰûйֹ㣬ҾͲˣ˻߲ȥɽ
˾Ц𣬱ʮᡣ
ǧǰЩβʵͷȥЩ뿪
֣εľβʵҲճ˰ɡ
˾ЩβʵṴٿһȾü֮䡣
ͤ
ڷвŪң
ıƽ޲ͷȴϸϸ
ܸоˡ
ʱҹҲŶ룬ӣҲѯ˵䣬Ҳ鵽˾ȥ壬û˾˫˫ʧˣû֪ǵȥĶ
ü΢ȥ
ӣҪʲôҹʡ
νÿͷ˵ҿټ
ҹ΢΢סԵķʽĶ
ε縡ʱͷҲŷ衣
ҹͷüͷЩͬӣʵΥ⣬ӵģӱͲ˵Ļ
ΰڰ֣Ļ޷ҵԼһҲ¡
ˣʱɾˡҹȰ裬üͷ˼֡
ѾֱӴӳóһ̴ľӡ
ҹˣüͷǽһɫҲЩѿ
벻ͨԼΪҪǧãõԼӶˣʾޣʵǷҲԼڲ˰
Ȼ̴ľӴ򿪣ɲǣһƹâӺð
â䣬ֱܾòɢȥ
ֽеȡɫĵ˫ְ޳
ҹеʲôҲδ˵üȴܼһֻӬ
νϡ
ӳâԵøӹâ貣α۾ʲô߶
һǿȻԼˣڰУڷԴתʱâ磬ҫ۵ý۾
μϵĹâʢ
̼䡭䶼ˡ
ҹʶֽǰĹâס
ε꣬ϵĹâɢ
νǿ¶һĨȻɫ
֪ˡ
ҹʵӿ֪Ķˣ
֪ˡḧȻ޹⡣
ֻã֮ĹâͻɢҪʮպŻųâϾʵΥ㣿
ںδҹʡ
ٶȽ̴ľУںɽ
ɽ
ҹԭء
ɽһΣշǳĵطôȥֵط



388 Ǹ׸

η˷䣬׼ȥɽ˼ͻȻ£һѪ漴˳
͡һѪһ仨ڵſ
ҹһæסҡҡ׹ӣӣû°ɣ
޷ҡҡͷֵûˡ
ҹҧֵҾ֪ԻӣΪҪǧãֲѪѪֻǧѩҩ
β˵ҹֵǧʲôǣҲֻһ׸ѡ
˫ϵΣһֱȥȣ
ҲˣӾȻΪʧѩΣкöǧڵҲǧѾȢǧѩ
ҹҧǧ˻ֿʼˡ
ıԹüͷһҹú˵
ҹޱ飬ִַǳ˵öʵһͻʧȥǣΪܹ˻٣ΪЩʲô
ۣһҹԽˡ
ҹסô꣬Ȼ֪ӣˡ
νǱߵѪղɾҹĻ㲻ض˵ЩҾ飬Ҳδڹ
ҹҧһ仰Ҳδ˵
νҹ΢΢ѸվֱӣҡҷԵõޱȣھҪȥɽҹͤпذɡ
ҹȻɴ۾ھҪȥɽ
˿ҹ¶УӾȻһҲԸȣ
εûʲô飬ɽΣأЩ
ȥҲΣաҹȰʵڲУͬһȥɡ
ҡͷ£ͤлкöҪ
ҹ򴽣ֻŷη뿪ܿûӰ
ɽ
кڷɣҹҲͦġ
ǧϥôҲ˯ţֻ۾ǡ
һһرÿǧ˼ۺͻȻ˼硣
ӣҲûиðɣôʹˣ
ѵڵ
˾˯ߺǳ㿪ʵôˣ㻹˯𣿿ˣ
ǧҡҡͷûЩ˯Ŷѡ
˾ǹϣʹȥ£¶޵ģ˯Ҳǵ˯һ£Ȼû취뿪ˡ
ǧ󣬾Щͦеģǰ˵ûұ۾˯һ°ɡ
䣬ͱ۾
˾˳ŨܵĽë۲кֳһɫһ˲ٶȾЦݣϸ£ͣ
գǧܿˡ
˯棬ûзαȫϰߣ˿ɫ춼û
ܣ̾ߵ׼
һߵ棬βʵΧ⣬ǵģ飬Щ졣
ǧľβʵ̲סüͷ
˰ΣЩβʵûзߣ̾˿㽫
һɲǣβʵֺϣýǧǳϵ·߲㣬Ǳÿ
ǧֵ˵ǵĳ򣬱ģմȾһЩۣ˲һζϮһڣֻûͦš
΢΢һ̧֣Щβʵ֪ʲôһ㣬ų뿪
û룬Ƿ£ֱֱǧ
ǧһֱվںУʱذ׵۱紵ȻټΧȻĺͺһ㣬ʤա
˾߳Ŀ⴩βʵ䵽ϡ
󣬿ɽȾһĨ⡣
ǧδɺЩͦˡ
Щƺĺϲ㡣˾ʯϣͻȻ俪ڵ
ǧĿͶ˹ȥܿͶ˫ЦվǱߣŹ⣬īɫҲһ㾧Ө
̯̯֣εҲͦϲңͦȤġ
˾Цߵ߿ڵЩȥҳȥ·
ǧ
緹Ǹͷž˵ˮ
ǧҧ˼ھͽˣ˾ע⣬͵͵Щˮ
ˮúȣ˲侫档
˾ûԾеĸվ
δ˵Щʲô㿴һӰӲԶ
˾֪˭΢΢һΣһĨٴθֶ
쿴Ǳߡ˾ͻȻסǧǴʦˡ
ǧ⣬˵ˣ̲סָĵطȥ
һȥ㿴һӰٶȻͦ졣
ɽţǧδܲ˵ӣܸо˶ȻǷΣҲ϶
۲ζһĨЦкȷǷΣܸо



389 εϹ

˾Դ⣬û뵽ʦȻãӦϳõʱɣȻδȥˡ
ǧû˵
˾˵ʦ׼ȷҵȻ֮ɡ
ͺἰġ
ǧ΢΢Щ棬֮
˾ЦŽ͵һԱ֪ҪҵĶ᲻ΣգʵΥ⣬Ǻӵġ
ӣǧ΢΢һ㶡
˾ȷӣʦӦҲ޷ġ
ǧû˵
ӱͲãΪ޸ѵľټε֮ܺõȥ
ΪҪ㲻ϧԼΪڵһʱҵ
ǧҧ촽һʱҲ˵ͷȴǳǳ̲סḧסؿڡ
Ϊβ˵ˣǴʦӳʲô𣿡˾ͻȻһ䣬չ˫Ⱦһ
ǧĺĿ⣬ҡͷ˵εһֱͦãлǰĹ
ԭˣҲ²ġ˾һǸ
ǧҲʲôҡҡͷ޷ǰҲǵķεӣŻ²ġ
˾ЦЦһ̧ͼѾߣ΢΢üۣ
ǧҲ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ¾ͿȻĺۣӳУϵ
ˡ
ǧһգգʱ򣬾βʵ裬˲λá
μΧ⣬üͷ
㣬ܿ䵽ǧǰ
ǧͷüһ˲˵
ͬȷûԺͻȻڰл䡣
һɲǣΧǧľβʵȫߣܵʲôһ㡣
Դǧ㶣βʵôȫˣ
ôȫˣǧë¶ɻ󣬡ǸղŻġ
δһۣ㲢ѪѪβʵȻ³Ҳܺ
ǧȻصͷ
ǧѩĻЩβʵ϶߶İɣ
ԭˣһΪܵʲôšǧ΢
βٿĿͶ˾ϡ
˾ЦĿͣʦá
ǳǳǴкˡ
˾ڷЦ⽥û֪˿Щʲô
νĿջأͶǧϣΪλ˺ɽ
ǧ룬巢ȫ߸˷ҲǸ˵顣
üͷ΢΢𣬡ΣգΪȲң
ǧʶ͵㣬ϢԴȷǴ¿ɾͲˣ˾ǰҲһͬȥҲӦҾӦûΣյģ˭֪ǻ˾ƻ
û˵ȴвһ⡣
סʲôסˡ
˾ͻȻڵѾ𣬿ʵڽƻʦҲˡ
˾Ͽ˼ۣſ˵ûй
˾㶣Ҳ˵ˡ
½ĿͶǧϣߡ
ǧο˼ۣܿ͵ͷãҪ뿪
ղҲûģգ֮ʾ͵ǰ˰ɡ
ǰɽ裬ܽȥ
֪뷨ɫĮ˵а취뿪㲻صġ
ǧŰ˵ˣȻĴ뿪ģ֪Ϊʲô
ͻȻ֣ɲһ׹׹ɢǧͷͷһɫųβͣͷϳǣһ˫۾ͭžȻݡ
ɫӴ£ʱ֮С
ǧ΢㶣ܾӣžԲǷƷ϶ͷ
ʱռСֻʱ궯
Ȼƿǧ˵
ǧ΢΢һȻϹеֲ˸߰
һת뵽ԼռĺϹޣ᲻Ǻأ
֪ЩʲôЩͻȻӵĮүƽû˵Ϊѣ
ǧǳЦһҲԣӻ𱬣ʱرŤӺ͵Įӵһ𣬻ˣ
Ͽһ󣬺䵽ࡣ
Դ
ڷǰֵòûǰ߰Դ˹εƣģǡ
һһɲǣһ
ǧŷΣ˲ͱסˡ



390 ҹ

Ϲɣ˾ͻȻڴ˳Ĭ
ε
˾Ц󣬡ŴʦԼϹһǲͬ죬ݣ˳֮С
β˵˵ԴľԼһֻʮѩǣҲǺ
˾ЦЦԳҲȲϴʦ
οһۣ˲䲻
˾Ц£鲻䡣
˰Σβٴοڵȥɣڤ뿪
ԭڤֻͦ
ǧֱڤıϣڤȫƬЩӲġ
󣬷κ˾Ҳˡ
վһ࣬һ
ʱڤŪβ˲ʡ
ǧֻ÷ڶߴһܿɽµ²Ư
ɾ
ǧĿջأʶοȥͼվԴϣվñֱ˴ԼʱҫƮ裬ԶԶȥھˡ
ĺÿ
ǧϣһ˲˲ıӰƣûб˼ֻ㱡
˾˿ȥۣЦЦȴû˵
ܿڤ뿪ɽĵؽ磬ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãһߺڶȥַǷ
ǧȥǾѾصٹһҲܻصͤˣ˼ۺͽĿջء
˾ҲƼ˵µ״ھ˵ʦҷںѧԺſھͳɣǰǻʹصأƽʱȥǲá
ڤͣںѧԺϿա
˾һΧľһԾ¡
ǧܿİڷ裬ú㿴أܿͽѧԺˡ
Ŀջأ漴䵽ϣ˼Ƭ̻̲ס˵˵ΪѰ֮
εüͷһ壬Ų˾ͬ˵ģ
ǧҲἰģ˵֮Υ⣬ҲӲӰ죬ԣ㻹𣿡
Ŀü۹˰βŵ޷Һܺá
ǧɣģ
ףȻġ
ǧЩģҾɫ԰˲٣һ糾͵ģҹ𣿡
뵽˴ǧͷһ
Ϊҹ
û΢ЩͲڴʱ˿̼㣬ȥˡ



391 ԰

ǧסؿڣͣҪƵģ˵ΪҲҹ𣿡
ȻΪ㣬ҵޡ
ĺ仰ǧüͷ𼸷֣Ǽٳ׵ģ˵ʲô޲޵Щġ
ǧʲôû˵
μ˵üͷ˼֡
ʱǧ뵽ʲôһȻ̧һЩģҵ
˵ţվһǱȥ
μüĿһ͡
ʱ򡭡ڤͻȻһ壬ٶȼ죬ǲ׹ķɻ
ǧ΢㶣ҲЩȡ
ۣһǰͿס̾ͽ뻳С
ǧδӦͱһĻУ󱡺Ӷ
ǧУ˶ЩֱӦԺŷĺһ㣬һкϮ
ء
ǧۣһѿסһֻ֣˵û¶ǹҪƭңǵɵ
û˵
ǧקֲţΪ㲻ϧԼҾ㱻ںɽҲ뾡ְ취ѩϼ˪ֻ»ܲá
޷ҵԼסζС֣ͻȻҪ
ǧþȫק֣ôϷš
ξŪ˼±㲻ˣΪβ֣
ǲ֡ǧüִ֣ůůΣҵͦů
ζСƣС޹ǣҺů
˼ۣʲôû˵
ǧֻĬˣôֶֻ߽ק˹
ûȥˡ
ǧϴֱƺϵȶȫݸʵ̫䣬ҲҪֱ
򴽣ֱϹһ
ɲǣһůڷֱӣͼǧ϶ֹ
ʱĴֱϣ漴һֱӣ˵ĸоƺ
ǧܿʶԼʲô˵£һ㶣һĨϼ˲˫գǸҲǹӵ
β˵
ǧڰů֣ղǹ˲١
ܿڤͤ䡣
󣬷νڤٻħ޿ռ䣬Ŵǧ뵽ͤߡ
һƿţҹӭЩǣǿɻˣ·˳𣿡
Ǳϲǵͣ˳赣ġ
ҹ󣬲˿
ǧҹ˼ۣԷεӦúɣ
Ҫ
ҹӴĿ⣬ЩԵգգ۾
΢䣬Ҫȥϴˮ衣
ǧ֪Ҫȥϴˮ裬Ըµȥˮ
ıӰ͡
ˮǧϵˮղɾſ˵ˮѾźãֻҪȥϴͳˡ
μվûҪ˼㿪ʵ㲻
걳
ǧͷϻһЩҪٽ
áεŶ롣
ǧŽյ鹣תͷȥҹˣҵҹżɽʵҹӵڿɻã
ҹʣһ㶡
ǧҪһ𰸡
ӵʵƬ̣ҹſ˵
ӲϲҽӣȻҲ˵˵Щûܹǲġ
ǧͻȻɫ£Ҳ¶˼֣ҹ˵ʵ֮ӿ϶ǰɣ
ҹٴסȻ֪֮ѲӸģ
룬̲סˣӵڰ޸ʱһֱδùΪ֮֮ӣֱӾ˿ѪҽϢƫͣҪ㣬ҸղŷӵɫӲ԰ˡ
ǧû˵
ҹֿ̾һȥӵŲס
̾Ϣǧ͵ؽָ⣬˰βſʵ㣬ʲôӻĲʲôҩ
ҹû˵˼ʲô
ǧȴš
֮ҹſ˵ҼǵһζҩʱӵĲ顣
ǧ˫һʲôҩ
ҹ룬㿪˵ǼΪڤˮβݣЧûѩôãܻӵĲ飬ΪһʱѰ񡣡
Ѱڤˮβݣϧ̫ˣͷ
ڤˮβһ㳤Ķǧѯʡ
ҹڤˮβݳ½ļ֮أʱڲڤˮβʱڣȥ½Ҳһ񡭡



392 ůů

ǧšüʣǸΣ
ҹһ٣ֵɿķȥ᳡ȥӶƣⶫʵ󣬾ȥҲñǴ롣
ǧЦЦ޷ϣܹǺõģЩӾȥ᳡ӶƣǼ˶ŪΡ
ҹ㶣ҪȢѰڤˮβݣ
ǰǧشúԥ
һûУ󹦷Ҳֻڰ׷ǿΣҹšüٴζĹ˲٣ĺܹӡ
˭˵׷ģ汻ҵأǧںʼ磬δãҿ϶ҲҪΪЩ飬޷ĲֻҪԻ⣬Ҿͻܿˡ
ʵӵĲҲ޷ֻҪҹʶԼ˵©죬æ죬װһޱӡ
ǧüֻҪʲô
ҹҡҡͷûʲôⷨЩӲ˵ġ
ʵ֮ǧҲûбʣһ۶
Ȼа취Ϊηβã
ǰ취ʲô
ǧӹµһת߻صС
вʱˮģС
ǧ߽ıͶӳϵӰ磬ǧܸоĺð˳Լ׳
̿ˮΣȴɱסˡ
߽·Ǳƻһ㡣
νֱ̧˲һˮ
ǧѾߵǱߣۣĺ󱳡
ĺ˰ġ
ǧ뵽ΪԼ֣ôҲ̲ס첽ǰʹס׳֫
ϴķθܵĴ˲ӽֱɫҲЩ仯ʵôˣ
ǧжȴǵûôǾˮеرˣʵ̲סˣҪϷһû뵽ʲôûоôұ˸ţǲǹҪҵϷİ
εڼͷ΢һȣúŵ֪Բ
ǧͷ
˵ǲ
ǧһ˲ĶҲŹ˹˵ԸҵϷˣ
ʧЦȴû˵ʲô
ǧãֱСԴϲ˲䣬Ƥ⻬񶹸һãҲܳڼУҪʵȥ֪𣿡
εһɫ֪
ǧɱĺ󱳲֣·Ѿһϰߡ
ΣͻȻֱָʵΪνճˣ
ճ˵ֻСèһʱӳ뽫ȴôҲ
𶯣ٱһºòãǧЩСƵģҲ䣬ůůϴͽϴҵġ
ôţﻹ˼ϴ裬̾һȥˡ
ǧֱһŽַſˣ㺦߱㲻ٱȥˣҰϴ裬ȥתת
òˣβۣЩЦá
ϴ裬·߳һͿǧϳ㣬̳ԵýζҲմȾһЩм
ΪγԵøèһû˸££½󣬺
ǧˬزͣںɽûʲôʳЩˡ
οǾͶһЩ
ǧһ𻨸ԡ
Եˬ죬ǧĵϵмʵĻ𣿡
΢΢ӣͦá
Ūǧ뽫ѰڤˮβݵֱֹܻӾͱ졣
ȵȡڤˮβڸɡ
ĪŪʲô
ǧ漴ҡҡͷûʲôҾ뵽һЩ飬Ѿõ˽㲻˵ˡ
ζЩܾлͷҲʲô¶
Ȼ˵ҲûҪ׷ס
νëƬ̲ŵʲô½˾͸˵һܰ
ǧͷԽˣٱ˶ҪãΪѰڤˮβݣֵã
ա
ǧȥ᳡ȴûзڤˮβݵټ
ȥӶᣬɿ˼ȦԾûзֽҩݵǰĺЩüͷ𼸷֡
ҹ˵һڤˮβϡ֮᳡ӿӶỹ޷Ѱҵټ
ѻΣֻҪкҵⶫټ
Ϊ˷θоʲôֵá



393 Ѱڤˮβ

ǧС㡭ԣҪйʦˡɣ̧ǰϹճһĨЦ⣬ôǽǰǻôãЩ񲻶θ𣿡
ǧɣܿ˼ۡ
ӶУ϶֪ڤˮβҲ˵
ǧ룬㿪ʵɣܣ֪Ķڤˮβ𣿡
ɣԴֵؿһۺ󣬲ŵڤˮβǼΪĶҲ֪ѰҩݣʦôͻȻ뵽Ҫҩˣ
ǧЦЦ˵ͻȻҪҩݵģɣܣһ鱨ҲûУ
ɣҡҡͷǸ˼ҩ̫û鱨ʦҪĻȥ᳡ƣȥ˺ܶ࣬з֡
ǧЩЦãҸղ᳡ʲôûС
ɣ΢Ƭ̣˺һʵأȥ𣿡
У
ǵúߵĳϣＫΪرֻ֣ҪϲĶǶ໨ЩҾ򵽣ҵڤˮβݡ
ǧ˫һŵһûɣлл㣬ھȥơ
䣬ͼҴ뿪Ӷᡣ
ߵĺз֡
ǧûȥУΪǸ֮ĵطȴû뵽ؽֵӶڱطҪ֡
ĴתתﶫĺùһƿССĲҪǧңҵȼƷʶôãȴ
ǧתתİ̯ĻǲǾܴ׬һˣ
ɺܿʹͷҪ̯ͱ뽫ȫѺȥҪԼʵעһ̣ע֮ǰҪϽɰһС
ж鷳ж鷳һҪ
С⣬ʵŲɣԺ˺ʵӣ취ɣһһ
ǧתתĶƷַ࣬Ҳδġ
ͷлʵʹ͵İңǻԻؿⷿȡ˵ҪҵĻʱȥⷿȡ
ǧĴתתȴûзڤˮβݣһЩɵķڡ
Щڶ˷ܱ߻һЩСӣϿ϶ʹټЩС޴ӷ֣ÿԳ䲻⡣
ƹģЩôģǧʵ
ƹһָۣͷöǧҡ
ǧң
ʵҲ̫
ǧǮͽöڶռ䣬ʵƹ֪Ķڤˮβ𣿡
ڤˮβݣƹֵؿһۺ󣬲ŵҩϡֻҲûⶫ
ǧ򴽣Ȼжûⶫ
ƹӹûУⶫʵϡп϶Ҳúܹ󣬿Ҫȥῴ
ǧЩЦãôÿ˶˵һĻѾȥˣ
棬ҪʱεĲҲѣǳ׸Ҳ֪ҪΡ
ǧ̾һתͷ͵лƹģһȥῴ
ƹŪϵĶʵ˲ٿ𣿡
ǧ˵ҾϲЩڣҲûʲôҾиǡ
һ䣬뿪С
ۿʱˣȥһҩʦᡣ̫ܻ࣬ȱϯаλϰĲʱֻǶ۾ʲôû˵
ǧȥʱλҩ
īһۣͻȻЦ˹С磬ղλ˵һһȵҩҪʼˣ˵ƷҲΪ񡣡
ҩԣ
Żӡ
ǧЦЦ٩С˻ӣ汦࣬ҲҩЩСС
ī̲סһۣСΪ޴Ҽұ࣬ҲǶһ޶ҩʦطʥ񣬸ĶȻ޼۵ģϿҲûС
ǧ˫΢˴󷽣ĶЩʲô
īֵڴ䣬Ķб仯ģȥޱȵڤˮβݣͲ֪ʲôˣ
ڤˮβݣǧȻɴ˫ۣͷҲʼֿסļʵС˻ȥõڤˮβݵ˭
ī̬ȼңⱻһ΢Ƭ̲ŵҲ̫λӦ֪ɡ
ȥõڤˮβݵģǹһλ׵ҩʦаҩ˵ž̲ס졣
ǧһ΢ͷʵȻǹᣬаϿ֪˭



394 Ҫڤˮβ

аֵڶǰƺŬ룬ˣ˺ǽжƽΪ˴ЩСԲ˵Ĵҩ浹Щ츳ġ
ǧ˸аϣ֪ûڤˮβݣ
а°ͣڤˮβ˵󣬵ҲֻѪֻãûôëӦûŰɡ
ǧ𴽰꣬ŵĻǾٺòлаϸЩ
а΢㶣̽ʵ㲻Ҫڤˮβݰɣ
ǧҪʲô𣿡
а죬üŪ۵СȥҪĻȻֲʲôôڤˮβôҪʲô
ǧЦЦ;аλڿڹУ
аصӦڵġ
ǧתߡ
ܿ죬īС磬ұ˽ҩȥ棬㱨𣿡
ǧûͷǰڰֵˣҪֻڤˮβݡ
䣬Ӱʹʧ
īıӰЩƣҩôãμҩʵڿϧЩ
ǧԺҩĵطҵ˶
ҩֱ߻Щѧͯߴߴ˵ÿ˵һЦڴڼ侹ûһͬ˵ġ
а϶˵Сֵزʧܣ
ǧ߽õҩſʵǲǶ
õĵҩһſŷŽҩƿ˻֣ΡΡ̧ͷģЩη˵ǣǶǣ
Ȼӡ
ǧüëһ˵ҽзǰЩӸռҩʦġ
ָָ֣ؿڴİɫ¡
ؿڿһۣ㲻˵ĳ֣ƤҲܰ׾ֻʵĳҲЩۿۡ
ʰŸƳĵҩͷ·ǧһ㡣

ǧЩʼ磬ſżɽа˵ȥҩϵõһöڤˮβݣͦġ
˵ļ͵̧ǧһ۸ִЩʲô
ǧܾһֻͷڹ꣬һŪ֡
ҶеڤˮβݺܸȤǧǰĳɫ£±ŤŤ·һҲҳЩңң㿴ɲɣ
㡭Ҫ򣿡͵͵ǧһۣ˲䱬죬ƺܲõӡ
ǧǰҪ򣬶ٽſ
ͻȻܾӮñԲŵĶ㲻̫ҲҪŵҪȥɡ
ǧüɱûУֻС
δ֮ˣһ㶣Ǻζ˵
ǧһ㶼뽫ߣһҲٸģֻҪ㿪һ۸ͳɡ
˵˲Ͳرִ֣˵һһ˭ֹ
𼸸ҩƿתߣ·ǧǲǻƵġ
ģۣ̌ž͸ȥһ·͸˶ſڡ
һŵòʯͷ˵˲ǲΪҪңǿҺ۸𣿡
ֻҪڤˮβݶѡǧվڷĿ΢
ϵЩˣƽ۸ЩӸŵ˫ȴ͵عϴŽǧ⡣
ǧŽյĴţĿٴγ¡
Ͳ˻㲻һٺͶ˵˵öڤˮβڱصã
˻ǧصͤ
һȥͿڻ԰аŪݡ
ݾֵĸŪƺø
ѵҲƻųõһ
ǴʦȻݶŹ
ǧԭؿ˻̲סǰڰŪݰ
û̧ƿƤӵԱжĻ֦ǻ֣޼һ¡
ǧ̲ס̾һ䣬ãɡ
ʧЦǰ״Ҳɫ˲٣޼֦ܼ򵥣ҪҪһ£
ǧϵСӵҼģǼ˿ɱҡ
ҡҡͷģ㰲ļͳɡ
ǲһǧؽĻ֦ɼûзκãΧЩŲ̫롣
οһۣǳ޷ʵúܺá
ǧ֪Ϊرˣüš



395 ƺڱ仯

β۲ζ
ǧͦ˵ʱҹͻȻǰ档
ӣʥŮǧѩˣ˵Ҫ̽ϹԲ̵飬Ӽ
վ˷ϹԲûҪֻ̫࣬ҪȻ˵̫Ҳ塣
üĿ壬˵ǧѩʱûж飬ͷ·̸һɵ·һ㡣
ǧˣ֪Ϊ龹˼֡
ӵ˼ǲҹе˼
ҡͷ㽫ҵԭͺãĲö˵
ҹȰ䣬ɿǧЩ㲻ܶ˵򴽣ֻܽЩѹȥˣȥͬʥŮǧѩ˵
һ䣬ҹ뿪
ǧҹıӰܸоղһ˲ƺʲô˵ȴʲôҲû˵ѵڼɵ
򴽣ͷ΢Щȴֺܿͣ
ζˣҹ˵̫Ҳûã
ǧּʼ֦һԾ
һ˲䣬¾֮С
ϣηûЩ壬̲סʵڷЩʲô飿
ǧһ㶣̧ͼԡ£ȫƶһʥѣûʲô뵽ҩʦиͦѸģ΢ЩԽѡ
ҪҪҰ㣿ʵ
ǧ͵ҡͷãԼ㶨ͳɡ
ңҪڤˮβݵһϲڸҲ̫ˡ
˵Ҳ˵ˣʵ
ڶ޳ѡϳ¶âȻ׷оǽ˾ϲ
ʹȥ˲Ⱦһ㲻֮⡣
âζ˲ѣľҲƺڲ֪仯š
ǧںǹ⣬ÿͬʱҲһ˿ǰǰ㵭Įǧ֮ˡ
ܿ죬еǲȥͷ·δֹһ㡣
ǧ죬Щһ
οҹ˯ɡ
ա
ǧȥҩʦᡣ
Ժܿҵ˶
ҩûþ͸оһĨ䲻ȵߣŤͷһƣŵæͷҩ
ǧʶԼôֲ
߹ȥʵֲ֣ң
һӣ˲Ǻ죬һ仰Ҳδ˵ͷҩ
ǧС£üԵϵ飬ӴҩأöЩʲôҩ
΢ͣٺ󣬲˵һĻ
ǧƽ͵죬ѾҩʦӦյǱƵ֮ĵҩɣ
ơ˲Ͳˣǳɹʲ̫ߣҾͲ˷ҩˡ
ǧץһϵҩݣаŵǲ˵ֻŬץסŲ𣿡
΢٣һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǧһûһذϵҩݡ
ϰߺİ˿̫ģأҲ˼֣¯ڴһսζ֪ҩѾˡ
¯򿪣ͷһЩʣɫ˲ͱ˼֡
ĵҩѣôأ
ǧҲ¯ڿһۣͻȻ̾һȻˣû£ǽı¿϶Ƴġ
̲סݺݵһۣͺһΪڤˮβݣҸҲǲ㲻ð׷ѾĻˡ
ǧüëһָֻܿƽҽΪڤˮβݣĻ죬˵ҲûУͲį
ëһҲįذɡ
ǧ˵ſڴһ٬åӴ˵ʲôѲįˣҪҪү棿
ɫҰףèһ㣬ʱɪɪ
ǧʶԣʶſڿȥ
ͼһ٬Ӹſڡ
Ӹһīɫĳһů
ǧĿȥͷ⹫Ӹͷĩһ֪ʵƽﶨȻԵúܺãֻ˫СС̶ر
Ӵô˵ѲӸҡȣĿ˲Ͷϡ
ЦʱдһЩ⡣
ɫΪҰ׼֣ûмįһֱһ˸оͦõġ
ӸͻȻڿᣬղƲɣϧˣ˵㣬һҩʦȻܽҩ壬˵ĵȼǲ鱨İ



396 Ľݼҵ

оԼܵ裬šüͷСצӵĽݹӣҴСͼϲҩҶҩȫǾ֮飬ô鱨ȼ
ĽۣɫЩѿð㾹ȻѧᷴˣѵЩò𣿡
ɫɷףҧ촽ŵ˵
ǧĽ˼ۣܾüۼЩϤ
Ľݵġ
ѲɣϴȮĽǭйأ
ǧͬʱĽҲĿͶ˹漴ѿЦ㻹˵įȻһС飬ǸɫµС
ǧۣ
ָ͵ĽݹӣҲʶֻǹ˵仰ѡ
˵仰Ľؾס½󣬵˶˵ôͻȻͬ˵ˣ
治ʶֻҩûʲô޷ѡ
ĽšüͷƺѶ
ǰĻ棬ǧüͷ
ǹŴ¼
ǧʵƲȥ㿪˵Ľݹǰɣҩʦʥ֮أƢ㼱Щá
ڣĽһ㶣뵽ҩʦᣬ̽ſˡ
С˵öԣǹҲöЩʲôĽͳһӣ˲ֵȷŹ㣬Щ
䣬Ľ뿪
һ뿪ֱ̱ڵء
ǧ˼ۣһģɫ̱Щѿһ˾ų⸱ģ
򴽣ŵһ仰Ҳ˵
ǧһɸ֣ʵղŵλĽݹӾǺˣһֱ۸㣿
ûСû۸ҡҧҧŵòĽĽݼҵӣĽݼҵĵճͳĽݼҵİ
Ľݼҵӣ
Ľݵճ
ǺĽǭйϵˣû뵽ĽݼҵԨԴ˵ճӺټӣӼҲ֪ټʲô
ǧüЩЦã˵û۸㣬мȫҪ۸˼ʹδ¸߳ǣóΪ
Щ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôĽݹû۸ҡ
ǧۣպյģҲ˵Щʲôˡ
ӵվĵ°ϵĻҳ󣬲ŵôߣһֱҲŻὫҩ塣
ǧüСֲ˶档
ǺֵһֱĽݹҲ
ǧۣôôūԣֱ۸ĸо
ˣǽվ˵㡣΢䣬ܿ뿪
һߣ˲˿ڰǰҩ
ǧҩʦ󣬾ͻصͤ
ȥҩʦᣬһȥԺȴûпˣǧûδ
ۣܾЩ֡ȻЩҩΪȰӦòȱϯġ
㣬ѵǳʲô¶
ǧһתЩƽϡ
Ѱ˸ѧͽʵûм
һ𶡾ѧͽһ㶣ûֻڼûɡ
ԭˣھȥпǧ˵š
ѧͽٴһ㶣ΪСųƽûʲô˵ϻˣǰͻȻ𶡾ʵһ
Ͷ𣿡ѧͽʵ
ǧҡͷ΢㲻ѣֻЩѡ
ѧͽȻصͷ漴תˡ
ǧԭվһ㳯зȥ
ļһ䲻ɲµСլӣĴŽգ·ǧۣܾԾ
Χ˼ۣΧǽֻܵͣҪ㷭ܽȥˡ
ǧȹϣܿء
ǺԺԺиС԰԰ֻһЩ˵Ļݣɼƽﲻôϻݣȫ˼õҩˡ
ǧ뿪԰ӣסݸ
Ÿһߵһ
ţִһЩá
ǧ۾ļлˣ
ǿˣǰծҵġ
ǧľԾֱŶ롣
ǧһ£ܿȥµֻһ
ҲƼǧܿ˿ҵ˭ԭСôҲҶģ
˵ĽһޣȾѪա
Ѫղϵ䣬˲ͽȾ졭



397 СҶײ

ɲǣŨѪζӵζüΪš
Ľݹӣʲôأǧۣڻ谵˫İͬѩǵ񣬱˵
ԲͿмĶ˫ֺ˫Ŷţ·ȫ⣬°׾Ǳ޺ۣѪڲµΣŴĿġ
ĽеıӣЦںͶأҩʦûþˣֻýǰˡ
ŵĶ³һѪӣһģΪ
ǧ䣬Ľݹ¿þˣ
ĽҡҡͷЦģһҲˣһ㶡һ
ǧɫͻȻƳĽؿڴһöɫ¡
һƣͻȻס죬Ľ˾ҲĽϵҩʦǣƷҲҩʦ᣿
ǧ򴽣ҩʦĿ˲ɡ
ʵǺҪƷҲͬҪɣ
ǧüëһĽݹȥֻҪˣǱ֪¶˵ǻ᲻ȥ
û뵽ǧ˵Ľ΢΢һ㶡
εĶҲһ£зСֵǲɵĽݹǳ϶ᱻġ
С㾹ȻҶײңĽҧгݣҲ
ײǧ˫ֻأ͵Цֻʵʵ˵ѣĶײ
Ľ˫ŤСģΪһᱻв𣿡
ǧ̯̯֣ⲻвѣολϵĹϵãǰЩӻһͬĻ񵤣Ƴ󻹽С˻ӾѣλӦûҵİɣ
˵Ľٴס
ȻǸλһͬƵҩˣǰǰɫ°
ڣɫµҲôţƣ
Ľ˵Щʲôһ뵽ҩʦжôѣ򴽣ֻܽеĲˬѹ¡
ݣҾȷŹǡĽߣ漴뿪
Ľһߣǧųذ׽
Ѫ߰ߣһֱ̱ڵء
һû
ǧ㻹ðɣ
۵˵ɫǲҰֽŷ
ǧȥˣٴӿռͳһѪι¡



398 ҩ

Ѫһڣϵı˾ͺЩˣɫҲࡣ
Щˣǧʡ
̧̧ƤӣĿسǧһۣѾЩˣղǿѪƵ𣿡
ҡǧһĮ
ΡΡվϵϣ˵ǵͽ׵ģƷھʮϣ׾Ȼʵ
ӲˣɸղѪζʵ̫ãЩ̲סˡ
ǧͻȻ˵Цû뵽ӣҲÿڿޱˡ
˫Ǻ죬ʱ˵
ǧüһֵ˵Ľ۸㣿
Ʊ磬ȴǧӲϣͼƱ磬ղзһҿɿ
ҧǵģȷһֱ۸ҡ
ǧʵû뵽λǰҷĶУ
΢ЩųشͷֻһƽͷգĽݼҵӣôù
ǧһɸ֣ΪųŻһֱ۸
˫ͨ죬ʵһ仰Ҳ˵
ǧţ
ٿ̧һ䣺ղźĽݹӶ죬Ͳ𣿡
ңǧָָԼͻȻһЦĽǭ£¸ͷĹӸ
㲻𣿡һ䡣
ûʲôµġǧüһкĽңҶﶼʶ
һ˼ôСһ壬ţ
ûӣҸĽݹӡ򴽣һūԡ
ǧһ㳶ˣЩĻɣڤˮβ治𣿡
ĬƬ̣ſڵʵڤˮβѾˡ
ǧһˣˣ
ͷһõڤˮβݾͱĽݹӡȥˡ
Ľȥˣ
ǧüͷΪҪȥҲҪڤˮβݣ
ŸյõڤˮβݵϢѵҪʧȥ
ҡͷҪڤˮβݣֻҵĶ뿴żʵıѡ
ǧüͷšĽ˹Ȼӣ۸ˣ˶ʵڶġ
֪Ľڤˮβ𣿡ǧһ䡣
ӦŰɡľˣҲûôˣֲҪڤˮβݣ϶˼ĳطɡ
ǧһ˫𣬡л档
Ҫߣסʵ㲻ȥĽݹӰɣ
ǧ˫˸Ĺ󣬡д⡣
ܵʲôţȰ㻹Ǳȥ˰ɣĽݹӿ϶ԹԽڤˮβݸģΪҲ˵
ǧʼ磬һν޷ˮڡ
䣬Ȼ뿪
Ľݼķشǧһҵˡ
ܿĽݼҴſڣǰլټſڰֻʯʨӣ߸߹ŷϲ
ǧüͷһֱӷǽϽȥ
ĽݼҵǽҲ̫ߣǧܿڵ档
һأǧͷҲþˣһСﻹЩΣΧлмɽ͹ʯ
ǧȣŵլߡ
ûãһ䷿д˵ŭűдص
ǧƬִ̣ЩϤǡĽ
һ΢ҵĽסء
Ľˤûá
ǧһԵĴӿţһתŵط롣
ٶʵڿ죬Ľû
ǧȥ󣬱棬̽һͷͷĽǰŭɫΪ顣
С
ǧ죬ŤͷܿȥĽӻͦģɫҾ߽ϵƷԻĻ趼ϹŶ
ճһӾͳɴˡǧüһ
ĽˤһӶ㿪ʼͷȾˡ
ǧŵһ㣬̲ס
Щƺң˼ںѾЩ⡣
ˡһĽˣֱ˵ϡ
ǧ˳
ߵĽǰøһüһ˦ϣĽĽ㻹ðɣ
Ľͨ죬˦һƶδ
ǧۣ˦˼Ʒ֣ͣʼ׼Ҷˡ
ǧŪ̫ĽѣҲѰ
ĴҶ̫챦
Ľүģ˭ĽݼҵİǹҩʦĽݼҵ˶Ȼƨ



399 ǧѩŰݷ

ǧЩͽȫռС
ȻˣðײãĽ㻵ЩҲ޷
ǧʼ޺ö
ûãѾ޵˲ٺöǽңϸϸ˵Ҳмɡ
ӣǧеЦˣüһȻôңⷿ仹һױ⣬ʲôС
ǧѰһͻȻֹǸЩġ
붼ûͽ򿪣򿪵˲䣬һ㶡
кö౦
бҩһ˲һҩݡ
ǡڤˮβݣ
ǧͷһϲٽڤˮβȡ˳
ϸϸ˼ۣеЦ˼֣ڤˮβݣҹͼһģһ
ȷҩǺ֮ǧٽڤˮβݶռ䡣
һ֮ߣܿ뵽˳һЩüЩҲһ˿ռ䡣
ѵһˣҪȫù䣬ĽҲ֪˭͵Ķ
ƵĽͻȻһ
ǧתͷʱĽţؿڲ˿طʵڲܾôȻڤˮβѾ֣Ϳ·ˣ
ǧ΢䣬ٴӴǱڶ
űܿˣųɹصͤ
ͤнЩ֣ѾǶŸָˮģΪ¡ء
ѵĻ׼ʲôˣ
ǧûж룬ֱ˳
еڤˮβҪγԣǲ˶޹أĵֻзΡ
ڤˮβɾֱӶУ룬ֱڹмռ侮ˮЩˮǱӦûԷεĲɡ
ǧҩʱΧѾʳǵı鶼Ϊ࣬ڶԴ֮һ㡣
ѲɣǺ
ǡʥϣ
ǧͷԣ̲סһ䣺Щʲôôź¡صӣ
Ѿǵ΢΢һ㶣ôѾˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ˣѾ˰Ѿǵ΢Щ㡣
ǧ̲ס۾Խ֣ôˣʲôݵĿˣ
Ѿһ㶣սսպյǡʥŮǧѩˣ˵Ҫʹʦ̽Щ˿ͤУʦ׼Щʳ͵ġ
ǧѩ
ҷ̽ϹԲ֮µģ
ϴηܾǧѩ󣬽ôͱˣ
ѵϴֻڲǧѩûͽǧѩˣԺǲǻҪԽǧѩȢţ
ǧ룬ȫûʶڵԼһԹ
ŹвϷڵҩһưɫ
һ̧ȻʥŮȻҪúдˣȥʳģǵʱͲˡ
ѾӦһȴһĨԥɫ
һѾʵ̲סת˵ˣʦƽӲİ˽ţ¶ʥŮþƺòд治֪ʦЩʲôͲ᲻𣿡
ңǻ˵ʥŮǧѩϲʦϴ޳Χԣںʹʦףֵ̽Ŀǰֻ֮ⲻھư
ƣѾǶԾˡ
ǧ˫֮ŵʦɣϴ˼ǦǻǱЩ绨ѩµ˼Ⱦ֪𣿡
ѾʶԣܿӦһ
ǧصͷŽҩʢС
ִ߳󣬱һѽѶռ䡣
ȷڿռһʱɣ·ֻû˼ֶмء
򴽣׼ȥǧѩڸʲô
԰УǧԶԶͿһһӰһһ߳ʳֱɣ
ǧ˿ûɵЩ
뻹̧˹ȥ
ǧѩںͷ˵һ㿴ǧˣһ㶣漴ְڳһ˵ã㵹ɣЩ˲ŸոÿԳһЩ
ǧüͷЩôЩȨζ浱ˣ
ǧüëһȴ˵üҼңˣҲѾߴЩȺԡ
ǧѩɫһ
ǧÿۣмλϡ
Ǳòǧôһֱӽֿţ֯Ůһ
ǧѩˣɫ˲˼֡
ǧȫΣݵѾ׼˫
ǧһξͽĿͶϣöŲ·ֻһˡ
ǧѩˣҧɫøΪѿ
һѣã
һֱôǺ˼ѲɣʥŮҲȲһ



400 εľ

ǧѩִϵľƱΪһ㲻ʼįʦǸո˵Ķˣ
μǰıﱻ˾ƣüûκξٶղ˵ϹԲ֮£ʵãպʱ䳤ȻܽϹԲ̿
ǧѩֵպ󣬾Ƕأ
βй¶
ǧѩһ㶣ЦЦʼһ⣬ʦͲ͸¶һڻ޷ϹԲÿÿģұºҲûôˣ˵ǲˣ
ᣬʱһȻܿμͷܿڷС
ǧѩ򴽣
ôһֱ˵ͬĻѵͲ˵Щ
ǧѩʣȴǧϣҼҷ˵ˣй¶ʥŮôƣҼҷΥ⣿
ৡһ£ǧѩɫòҰס
ǧǹдżС⣬һ¾ײ˷ĺڵС
ĺڣ䣬
ǧһ㶣һʱҲ벻͸Щʲô
Ŀƿװû
ΰϵľƱٿǧѩڵʥŮ˵ϴͬҼһȥԴľ

ǧѩסеĲģúŵͷǰһԼһֻѩǿˡ
ζԼĶȤֿʵɷ֪Դľſڵʯˣ
ǧѩ΢㶣ѲѾ֪ʯйأ
ģЩʱûƼҲûֳʲô֤ݣ㿪ڿ϶ֻһ˵ѡ
Ҳ֪ǧѩ۵ٿ¶һĨЦݣͣҳʱʯ廹úõģѵҳʯͻˣ
ǧ˼ۣװƣǧһԡ
ǧѩһֱŷΣûзĿ⡣
˫䣬ǧѩһۣһΪʥŮ֪ʥŮǵһʱ֪Ϊβ֮ˣ
ǧѩָһֻЦȴʲôҲû˵
ΰŲյּ˵ǲ֪ʯ޶𻵣鵽ǺֽţѧԺȻŹˣ಻ᡣ
ǧ͵سοȥ
˵Ϊ
ʦ⻰Ǻ⣿ǧѩָҲɤ۶
֪ˣ
ҡף΢ûʲôֻ˵ѣ˽ʯٻҷξŹǸˡ
˵ţֳǧȥõ˫һ˫ȫƽҷεޣûҵ˭
ǧĿ⣬˼΢΢һΡ
˵ЩֻھǧѩЩ˼
ǧ벻͸ֻ
ʦĺҼø鼫áǧѩָ⣬˺һ˵ţĿ⻹ǧһͷŲġ
ǧüӵеĲʡ
ǷޡοǧѩĮʥŮʲôҪʵ𣿡
ǧѩ򴽣뵽Щ˵ȫˡ
Ҳ˵ʥŮûˣ΢̧Ƥӣǰ״ڴʱйζʥŮͿ뿪ˣͤǲϲ˽롣
û뵽λ˵ǧѩɷס
䶯ǣеԹºŵʵҲûʲôˣʦҾ뿪ˡ
γѾ㡣
ǧѩҡͷˣԼϵ·
䣬ͦأһŸ߰뿪㲻ܴҲҪԼϣ
һ뿪ǧЦŵ٩㻹˼ص⣬ôͰŪˣ˼ʥŮôģ
εüΪҪģ
Ϊǧգգ۾˵һʻȽϺÿ
üĿ嵭Լã
ΪÿǧЦʵ
Ħžͱһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧļãԴʵղŽǧѩ֮⣬ΪνǧѩˣѾǶڲ²ǧѩ˼죬ȻΪλͤ
ͤӲ˽룡
ôҵģ͵̧˫䣬Ǻ
Ŀ⣬ǧһ㶣ҡȻģǧѩΣǰͬ׵ʱӦôӦˡ
˿˿㣬΢üͷ̾һ㻹Щҡ
ûСǧƱ磬Ȼһ
üֻ˵Ժͤˣ˳ٺ˵ʯ飬ǴˣӦ֮ġ
˵ףɵҲе֮⡣
ֻǧѩԺҲͤˣϾܵ裬ˡ



401 

ԣһΪңǧüָһֱ
ֻһůֱӣһ㶣üԾɵǰɣԺҲΪġ
ǧ˲ЦտʼĲˬȫɢǾͶлˡ
ǳǳﴽȲ󣬡޷
ˣҲҪ͸㡣ǧռеȡϵЩкôĶȴƣ
ñᣬŵһŨҩζɢ
ڤˮβݣʡ
ǧëգ˼ۣıǹ𣿻飬ôһžųˣ
εڤˮβݵζŨһűųϡ档
ǧ죬˲ûظС
νӴ򿪣һɲǸΪŨҩζƮɢںɫҩ֭ű֪ܿܿࡣ
νӸ£ҼǵڲڤˮβʱڣּΪȸ½Ͳôҵģ
ҹҲһ
˺Щˣȥ˺Щطûҵǧصڴ䣬ֵҩʦλϸ˵ȥҩԵĽƷڤˮβݣ㶵תתҾĽķнⶫ͵ˡ
͵û뵽ⶫôЩ档
ǧǵģ͵ģ˭Ľ̫ɺޣҲ͵ڤˮβݣ͵Щġ
ɺޣ۾۸ˣ
͵ʲôȫ⣬ֻǲǱ۸ˣ
ǧҡҡͷûУǸ۸ңҶʮ۸˱ˣҩʦһѧͽ׵ģϧΪų۸Ҳ֪
ˣʡ
ڤˮβݵĵȻҪæˡǧü£ϧʵ̫ڤˮβͱĽȥ
ЦЩˡ
ǧüֵĽƷ֮ҲܽҩʦᣬҶԹ׼ɡ
ƷӦúʵһҪɣᵽôѡ˵ģੲݣ촽һһϵķÿ
ζĺ촽ҲĻС
ҩʦĲѡˣӦҪһ¡
صΪ㰾ҩ˰ǧûҩֹһ䡣
ְƵģǳʡ
ΪǽиѾǰƵġ
ǧƵǰȻְƵģöڤˮβҲҷѾиҲġ
νǧڰȾһ⻪ǳǳζţллΪְҩھͺȡ
ȣڤˮβݵЧǲĺܺáǧͷЦ
εḧѱ棬ȵıָ⣬ͻȻͷҩһ
ȵҩǣ࣬Ʒζ֡
ǧգ۾ʵڸоˣ
ζ˶ָ⣬ûǰôˣָҲָһЩȶȣȴԾûǰȣȴǱǰЩӺ̫ˡ
Լָ⣬˼֣ҾѾöˣڤˮβȷʵʱҵĲ
ǧɣģ
˭һǱϲǵġ
εģҲƭ㡣
ǧǲţٽ˫ִϸϸ¶ȡ
ȻЩǰЩӱȺ̫࣬ڤˮβȷʵã
ڤˮβݺ࣬Чáǧɿٴλ˵Ц⡣
㡣̧Ŀмȡ
ǧڰ֣޷ô࣬ΪЩҲӦõġ
򴽣û˵
ǧʳ̲࣬סִӳ˼ڣҲǲǾҪǧѩˣ
ҡףĮҲϰ꣬㲻Ҳ뿪
ǧü׼ôʳһ˳Ե𣿡
ǻ𣿡γǧȥȻɤһĨ
ǧʼ磬ֵһأЩҪ˷ѵˣ
λش𣺡Էڹű¡
ǧüװһֱۣð㾹ȻҪҳʣµġ
΢㶣һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧϲ㶵ӣžͨˣûʲôС
̯̯֣˵ЦŵҸղž˵ģ㲻õ档
꣬΢Ƥ
Ƥ
ǧͷͣôо仰ֵϷζ
Ūſӣŵ˵
ζüִۣϵѣڤˮβǧģҩҲְƵģһжΪ
뵽˴вôҲ




402 ֮

ỽƽղͬ·һ֮⡣
ǧԵ̧ͷٿ˫ޱߵķƶѵһȣֻ㾲ţ;ЩëȻ
ôҧЩĪ
ȴ纣ҹ
ǧӷ£ɻ󳯷Ǳȥҹʲô˵ʲôղž͸һӶѡ
΢̧Ƥӣɤж˼⣬㡣
ðǧڴӦϸϸƷζ;òԾˣȵȣ˵ʲô˵һ顣
ɫƽ˵ţ㡣
ǧһҲʱּ֣Σ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ﾹȻ˵ǲǳ˻þǽ̫߳ˣ
εĿ֪Լ˵Щʲô
ǧվǰӸµĿҲЩ䣬ΪҪң浽Щʲô
΢üϵƬ̧̣Ϊ԰ҩܸмҲֺĸоں㡣
ʵͽ˵ţЩãȻƬֱ̺ó
ǧڣֻĿ궯·Ҫһ㡣
˵ĸоѲĶˣ
Ķ
뵽˴ǧ͵ҡͷܣôᶯ飬ֻͨĸм֮ѡ
ǧܾĿ䵽΢ıʱֱƻˡ
ȻģһµĻͲԿ׬ˡ
ǧĿ΢ıЩƻģȻǷޣһҲ޷λһԹԹԴţΣ
β̫Щ˵ҲӦˡ
ǧͷһϲֱסεĲӣĴϡ
ŵϵŮ㣬΢䰵˼֡
ǧ§ĲӲ֣ƽͦû뵽Ҫ󣬷ΰΣǱ֪ģ˶ᾪ
βԣкη
ǧûһѣû뵽󵨣㻹ҹĿ࿴
νĺ촽β
ǷΣǼðİɣ
ΪҪôʣʹһ˲˲
ǧ£üͷʶķδӲ˵ֻ̫˵Цղ˵ķǳ֡
ν£аҴδ˵Ҳ˵ֻһˣ˵Щʲô֣
ǧ룬Ļͦе
뻹Щ֡
˵Ҫıʲô
ǧ۾գĿһֱƺҪɿһԾ޷Щʲô
̾һӷվ𣬿ͻȻԼֻקţһѲ
ôˣ
ǧתתٿ˵ЩҪԶһֱקңôԶ
ξͽǧſˣȳЩɡ
ǧŴӷվղȻĴϣ̫ˡ
صղŵλϣ°㽫ִ𣬲ͣεеķ
ղ˵͵ĽܶණβͷٴνĿͶϡ



403 

ǧӸ£кöͦ࣬ǽһӣϰɣȫ͵ˡ
㻹ֲ顣ε˵š
ǧö棬ѵͬҵ
ҡͷֻĽ᲻鷳
ôܡǧ̯̯֣üë𣬡Ҳ˵ҵʱúΣǷֲ˵ġ
γû˵
ˣ˵ЩӹҪһҩԣ˵ҪҪμӣǧͷε
ԭֻڤˮβݣˣ뵽ҩˡ
ҩʦıһֱܺãҲǳḻҩʦǶϲμӣܴеõ飬ܵõڵĿԽҲһİǴӱ͸˵ˡ
ǧЦһ
ȥ궡Ҳ˵һȴñȹ磬Ƿ̡
һҩʦָһܾÿ죬Բͻ׷ĽŲÿԲμֱԿܵõЩջ񡣡
ǸãҩʦҲЩƿڱϵõЩĻӦɣǧֹһ䡣
˵Ҳ֪Ӧÿԡ
ǧ۾һң
εԥǡ
ǧһůȻô˵ˣвμӵĵҾȥ
áչȾ׷˿ϣ˲侧Ө͸
ǧĿȻ
ڶա
ǧȥҩʦᱨˡ
адڱϺ󣬱ЦŵСֵܣǰЩӻ˵ԱԲȤôˣ
ǧϿ˼ۣͻȻ˼Ϥ֣˵αԵĽܷôܴ
а˵ĶͷСӣԭǴŽġ
ǧϴЦȻҪĿ꣬԰ɣ
аЦЦĿ꾹ǶõһһĿꡣ
εıԻ츳ˣ׶ѣڶʤƺЩˡ
αԻСģаЦʵ
ǧνʼ磬·ʲôһȻҪˣûģֻҪۿˡ
аļЦŨСҼˣԵֵȼ붼룬ֻǲμӱԶѧ㾭ѡ
ǧЦ
ԣǲͬģ룬Ҳġ
аѱӺϣǧͻȻ˹ȥ
ôˣаЩֵؿһۡ
ǧűϵ֣ûʲôֻǿмϤ֣ǸĽĽݼҵӰɣǰЩӼؿڴһöɫ£𣿡
аһ£뵽ˣ׵ҩʦ츳Ҳ㲻ɣֻǼҵĵȼҲøԴҳģ鷽ЩȲ϶
ǧۣԭøԴҳĵȼ˵ҲЩˡ
üòʣҾĽЩദаϾĽΣ
а°ϸϸ룬ðβŵҼǵõȷǸദĸҵӣͷĩġ
ǧֵȻ㲻õˣҩʦҲҪ
ֻҪ츳ûʲô¶ȻҪˡаˣ㽫Ӻϡ
ǧе۸ˣֶּΪӣǸΣ
а¡üͷЦⲻڣˣҩʦᣬҲ̤롣
ǧЩɫ΢˼֡
ҩʦҲģԲİࡣ
СֵΪʣ㷢ʲô֮𣿡аһ䡣
ʶѡǧЦ˵ϾҩʦǸΪʥĵطܲһʺһɣ
аߣźЦҩʦȷǸʥطСֵʲôϽңʺʲôľҪ
áǧӦһ
ڻܸǣϾͷû֤ݣʱĽƱָΣ
ʱֻǴݾˣ϶뾡취Ʋϵ
ǧ۾Ǻĵġ
˵һӣǧ뵽ûڱϿī֣һ䣺ΪûС˻ӵ֣ûб𣿡
аصǱˣû׼ϾڻδƳҩֻ̨¹ۿ˳ȡһЩҩ֪ʶ
ǧĻЩ
С˻Ʋҩμӱ϶һʱҩĿɾͲˡ



404 յ

аϵľ̨ܲ¿ţȷһЩ顣ǧĴ΢΢
аЦǧļЦСֵܣ㻹ǶңҾİ
ǧһֱЦûд
аЦһӣͻȻڵˣҸղź˭ﱻˣղź˵ĽҲˡ
Ľˣǧȴǹȵһ䡣
аղЩѧͽǶ˵˵Ǳ˺ЩǽҾϰټԵ汦ʧذ
ǧ΢΢
ȷ͵˺öֻ˶֪ѡ
ǧȥеЦ⣬ʵĽݼңɷץ͵ˣ
аЦŰڰ֣Ļô죬˵ʱĽѾƲǺģҪץ˼ֱ졣
һ
ǧֵ͵͵Ц
ƲǿɾѰˣĽҪưͿˡǧЦһӣ̧˵һ䡣
а̯̯֣ЦЩֻ˭˵ǣĽݼҼҵԶЩҲ˴ţȹЩֻ׬ġ
ǧЦӦһ
а˼ֵۣҩԻСֵҪҪԿƱҩƷӱ
ĵҩǧ°ֻͣѪͲҪƱĵҩҲֻյˡ
аٴοڣǰյ֮ĵҩ
յӦ΢ȼЩҩʦƣ׵ֻ¹Ǻ
аϣʵҲ׶ѡǧӲŵ
а㶣ɹһпڵΣǻϵħʦ϶˸ƳյԿ
˵ǧյȤˣƳպ󲻽ǮԼã붼㡣
ǧǳһЦȻа϶˵ˣҾԿյɡ
аָָϣյӫ̲Ȼ󣬵ǹҩӦоУʱȡЩӫ̲
ӫ̲ݣ
ǧŤͷһϰڷźЩѾȥӫ̲ݣ˵ˣŻȻġ
ҩʦʲôĹƴ֣ҩⶪϣ˶ࡣ
ǰӫ̲Ҳð˺öС磬С糤󣬿ռӫ̲ݾֻˡ
𴽰꣬õĳϣһȡЩӫ̲ݵġ
аվһԲˡ
ǧһۣڿԼ¿յġ
һߵǰѰյҪõҩݣҵ֮£ںſʼҩˡ
ҩݵַܿ죬̾ۻҡ
а֣ܾԽƳյ
ҩݣǧһԶ¯УҵĻϵħʼƵ¯
ৡĻ治ͣϴڶɲǣͽˡ
аǰڵĻ棬¶һĨɫܾĻ־˼֣ԶҲܸܵĽơ
ţͻȻսָ⣬ղһ˲ƺŵһҩ㡭
ɣŵһ¯ܽյƳ
а̿ˮ͸һĨţĻ澫ޱȣ׶ѣӦòô콫ҩƳ
ֹһаͻȻŲҩζˡ
΢΢סѲǵҩˣ
ǧ֪ҩѾ壬㽫˻
аջأæʵôˣ
ǧ¯򿪣ɲǣһѺɫҩӳ̾һѾˡ
аҲ˵¯ڵҩӣ֪ΪȻ˿ҪһƳЩԳƳϵģʲô棿
ǧļ򣬰޷ǵһƣԽƣûɹҲٶƼξͳˡ
ǧֿʼơ
ڶΣ
Σ
ĴΣ
Ρ
ûܳɹ
а˼ۺͻȻЩƣۣһǷСֵţҾȻȥ˯ˡ
ǧڴҩݣ˵˵ͷãаȻȥɣأоһյ
аһߣǧؿαϡ
ʵղѾյ·аվǶóԣһƳ˻
Ūϵҩݣ׼Լİ취һ¯
ʱ򡭡
õӱÿĽλӸҡڵ˽
ǧƼĽ΢΢֧ӣӴԭĽݹӣ˼аϸղѾȥˣ͹Щʱɡ



405 

ĽҡֽȣĿǧҽġ
ңǧüͷѲΪ͵֮£
û㡣Ľҧгݣ˫Ť˵ڤˮβݵ飬ͼҼլĶɵǣĶʧˣлڤˮβݡ
ǧĿһݡ
Ǳ
һ뵽µģתͷְ򴽣ܾþһֻӬһرˬ
˼ǻҽ͵ߵģǧüͷһ
Ľһ㻹˭ҾͲϻôɵ顣
ǧָ⣬޿ֵ֮治УɺϸǺܶ࣬û֤ݾͱҡ򶡾ڤˮβݵ¶Ҵδȥ͵ԣұ̫ҽȥܱܿˣ
Ľ΢㶣ǰһɫµܿ˵Ŀ⣿
ѲԼ´ˣ
ĽҧҧȴǲԼ´ˣšüֵǲֻ˭
ǧ̯̯֣һҾͲ֪ˣĽݼҼҴҵȻкܶۺ죬ҪǰԵľ͸ˣĽݹΪأ
ĽɫҲһһףȷҼҵ񣬿϶кܶۺ졣
˵ǧֵ˵㻹ȥгԹˣǼֽŲɾ֮ˣʱ˷ϡ
Ľ򴽣˫ţĲİ
үзִ磬ָֻšĽǺģ¯ЩҩӣһתʲôҩȻˣ
ǧüͳ׵ҲŲյ
г˷̣Ľ̲סЦ
ЦһӣһŪҲյ׵С
Ȼҡǧ¯ӺϣĽݹĪˣǰЩһĻ񵤣ֵҩƺưɡ
Ľ򴽣һĻ񵤣Ҳ˼λ԰ģƾҲƵó
ǧа˪һһ˵üˣƳĻ񵤵ң㣬ʲôè
ĽŭҽèᲢۣ
ãСõúܡĽ˵˼ãƬĿ˵Ҳҩǰɣ
ǧĿһĽݹӵϢͨ
Ľתתӣ漴һЦȻԼţǲһ¡
ǧüʲô
ĽǰƺǰԵһȻǱҩˣ㲻յǾͱ˭յñȽϺãҲұȣ
䣬ĽЦЩ
ҩʦյʲôȻƣǳɹʲ̫ߣҵ񰡣ʱüеϲӣҲܸΪЩˡ
ǰСǸƶڶʱƳյ
ĽЦ˼Сžš
ǧЦݵ⣬֪Щʲôüһ䣬Ľݹӣֻһ׵ҩʦܺȣҲû˵Ҫǣĵʲô
ΪһڴӦͦ侲
ĽӹµһתֵǲϸұԣҾ͸߹ˣ㽫Ҽжϴһգʱ򹫻Ὣ֮ء
ǧüëһɭޱȣĽݹӣв𣿡
Ľӵе⣬ЦҲв㣬ֻͬұԶѣС㲻᲻Ӱɣ
ǧЦգ޲һƺȥ
Сӣҵһңģ
ǧһһŵĽݹ㼫ƷҲӦҪˣҲֻܴӦ
Ľɫһ˵ӦˣЦʶ࣬ס𣬱Ǳյ
ǧȻ֪
Ľ뵽ʲôһͻȻֿЦøΪ񣬡ڵһ־ĻҲûʸұˣ˵ҪгͷС
ǧۣûа֮ɫƽʵĽݹҪĳͷ
Ľüëٿӿڵ˾뿪ᣬ̤롣
ǧһƶ֮⣬˵ĽݹˣҲҪ뿪𣿡
ǡĽһڴӦôأ
ǧɫҲ䡣
Ľһŷ뿪
ǧıӰôһҲû˼ҩˣʰ궫뿪
ߵỨ̳ʱǧ˶



406 ҵʽͬ

ڻ̳вɼҶϵ¶ˮһŤͷ㿴ǧ
һ㶣뵽Լ˱ٽͷͷҲҿһۡ
ǧЦûһǰڲɼ¶ˮ𣿡
һͷҲøˣһ鲻Ҽ˵ģ
˵Ե˼ˣ뿪ˣǧǲŹôͬ˵ղſ϶˵İɣ
ָһʵڱܲ˾ͽԴ̧𣬺ܷŹҶѾڤˮβݵˡ
ǧĿֻͬк𣿡
ָ⣬һ꣬㣬϶Ϊй¶飬ŷңǰɣ
ûʲôġǧʼ磬ƽȴۼһӿΣǵʽͬѡһʽѡǿµʽνͬΪıֻ㣬ԽųԽᱻ۸ӭֻԨ
һ㶣ܿͶĿ⡣
䣬ɭ̶ݷľޡ
Ŀһ˲ӵ񣬺ÿ¡
Ǹָ⣬˼֣ĽݹûΪ㣿
ǵãĽȥġ
ǧڰ֣⣬ҲûʲôֻǼһԶѡ
һ㶣ԡʲô
ҩǧһۣҩյ
յ
ӵɴŵ˵ƬʵӦˣ
ǧ
ӶӵɵøˣһҲյ
Ҫ֪׵ģʱҲһƵóһ׵Ϲʲô֣
ףĽݹףΪһ׵Ƴյ𣿡ʵ
ǧ̯̯֣νΣ˼Ľݹвң˵ҲμӾ͵Ҿֻܲμˡ
ͣϸעʲô
ǧЦؿ㵹Ƕͦ˽⡣
Ƿ̣ͷøˡ
˭˾뿪ᣬý롣ǧ̾һһŵ
󣬸֣Ƕġ
Բ𡭡صǸ
ǧߣְڰֵ޷Ҳ㡣
˵ţת뿪ҩʦᡣ
ıӰܿͷɼ¶ˮ
ʽίȫ
ǧصͤһͷԽ˷У׼յ
Լķʽһ¯ϧûɹ
ֲϸĽٸĽ
ɻûгɹ
ãžͱˡ
ǧৡһ۾
֨߹һűƿ
ҹﱧһ˽
ǧҩɿе󣬱ʵҹõʲô
ҹ΢΢ģȥոΪˣط˵Ļõһ

ǧüͷ΢иĵʣҹֳ־Ҳ
ö˶øʲôǧеĻ£һ˲˲ضҹơ
ҹЩϰߣһſ˵ˣ˵ѾΪѰڤˮβݣӺҩѾΪתˡ
ǧȷʵˣеľкιأ
ҹһ´꣬ſ˵ˣ±̫ϲ㣬ҲԹ㣬ǰ˵ֻǸ׸
Բѵ˵Ψǧѩӵ䡭
ʱĺ޴ûһҲˡ
û뵽˵ǧһ㶣ҹôã
ҹһðβųǰôõģ䲻ǼӣǧΪŪڤˮβˣⲢһ˻еġ
ǧüԣԼأҪ
ǵķˡҹ˫ϥأǰ²ԣǰҽӣԭ£
䣬㽫߸߾ǧǰֻҪһ־õ
ǧ࣬ЩЦ
ҹǸʵˣǲ˵˭֪˵ʲô
˵ˣҲˡ
ҹҲ㡣ǧǰͼ
ҹܳ̾վˣŮܲס
ǧ˻Цεһμ棬ҲŰģ˼
ҹЩɫ
ǧĶ⣬ֽĿͶĲϣҹҲ㲻صҸ



407 յ

ǧ˶٣ֵԭΪĵȷ࣬ԹҲͦڤˮβݣҲȲϷΪһС
ôһ˵ַε˸ˡ
˺ã˧Ǯеλ
Ƿˡҹ䶯ǻ˵Щʲô
ǧ̽Ļϣҹžȥɣ˵ûûʱֻ¾ҪˣʱģΪ۸ء
ҹһ㶣һû۸ҡ
۸ƵġǧһתʱˣƻǷ޼ĸ飬ʱʹˡ
ҹһĻе
תߣˣ¾뿪ˡ
ǧڰ֣߰ɡ
ҹһ뿪ǧͼҩ
ռкöҩݣ˼¯ҩݵĻԴҲϵ
ʱ۾ʼƵ¯
輫ΪؼСҷɣŽ˶֪
νŹϣͷʱͼǧҩı棬ӳʱյ˫͸
ü̧ۣų
ǧûĽŲ
ʱѾߵǰÿϣĿѡ
еĻڵϸߣ޵һرƯ
һ̲ס֣˫ḧŪ
֪ΪʲôЩһܣ˵
ǧҩͻȻоʲôḧ΢΢һüû˱ʲôٶ
ḧһҲƵġ
ҩҪãǧĻƵ¯һŽ˻ҽ۾
۾˲䣬һŷŴĿǰ
ǧһ㶣㱻ϸһƲŷǷλˡ
ĵôûһ֪𣿡
ҩҲô㡣м޹
ǧüô֨һ
οԼ֣
ǧ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֱһȦۣһ¾ͺˣ
죬ʵˣ
ҡͷûУʲôҩյ𣿡
ӣ顣ǧһֽۣĿͶС¯ϣ²£һ¯ҩɹ𣿡
βһЩҩӣ˺ü¯
ζӦˡ˵
ǧһʱʮ㣬Ǿͽļˡ
䣬Ϳٽ¯򿪣һ˲һŨҩζڱǼ⡣
ŵζǧ֪ҩѾɣ첻ˣ
һֵ¯ֻһյ
Ҳѹֿ缶ҩҲûȸƳһžȻˡ
н׵ҩƷʾʮϣζǿŵҩ
н׵ģ
ǧһԺŷԼƵн׵ҩ
һγƳнյǸаϿǼһﶨᳳˡ
ҵһյƳн׵ģ벻ǧյִ
īɫյΧһЩƯӫʣн׵յӨ͸һ鱦һ㡣
ȷ⡣ζϵĵҩ缶ҩƷʵģҺƴδڴ½
ǽˡޡ
ǧеյδ˵
νһԵҩɾŵΪҪҪ缶յˣ
ұҩ԰ǧ˵а˵Ƴҩĵҩӱ
ε㣬ȷʵӱ
ǧ󣬲֪Ϊ滹ͦˣ˼֡
οһֵۣ˵ĽݼѾֶʧˣû鷳
ǧ룬ʵش𣺡ˣҪյһʤ
֪ʵģͷ顣
ǧ΢΢ӡ
ĻµĴʦȻ飿
ǧ°ͣѲǸദˣˣ
ҪǱ֪϶ᱻ׵ġ
ǧһӦһţҲġ
ǳǳȴһͺۼ
ǧ뽫еĺۼ׽ȴôҲ׽ˡ
ɵĮ˫ǧյϣҽյ͸òã
㶣յа㣬οн׵յԼš
ǧüҵһƵյҪǲҪҾȥ͸ˣҿīͲܰҴأ



408 п

һᵽī裬εӾ
ǵڳ֮ϣīվ˵ҪȢǧġ
ʱʵ۽ʹһ٣²žʹ˸ǳī裬ѲǹϵôҪã
ùеյӣжȻкЩյҲû˵Ҫ
Լһգǧ㶵سοһۡ
ܾƽһֵֹġ
ŶȻϲǱŰɡǧϵĶʰɾվ
νеյ˲Բ࣬յָռ䣬Ҳվ
ˣЩҿҪЩô˵
ǧ󣬺ʵЩʲô
κӣЩҪ׼ˣҪЩ
룿ǧͻȻ棬ʲôֻڵӾſʵֱֳǴδʱǷỻ
ǧڴڱʵʱҲȥ𣿡
εʱйصˣи󳼶ȥҵȻȥ
ǧһתЦǸãҿɴδ룬ǿԴ۸ˡ
ӦһȷʵԴ۸ˡ
ǧ룬ֿʵʱỻ𣿡
ᡣٴεͷɫ嵭ÿ
ǧٴȾһĨ⻪𴽰ô죬Һڴˡ
֪ỻʲôɫɫģ
Ǻɫģ
ʮաͷ࣬һֵʱܿˡ
ǧйЩ
һĿ䵽µ˫У˫ͬʯԳ
򴽣ٿס۾
ǰĹȫڱΣǧЩĪգգ۾Σʲô
Ľëܳգʱëˢƣɲǣϸϸܵӿָһ˫Ҳű䰵֡
۾ʲôҲε˵ǧ΢Щˡ
һڸʲôأ
Σ
û˵ֱ۾ϡ
ΪֱǧʲôоֻоϢȵģһɱ㡣
ͻȻô
Σʲôǧ̲ס˼䣬͸ϢŪȫ飬СҲ˼֡
ǧ򴽽ǣһԼôôûãһӾˣ
һ֣κܿ콫ſˡ
ǧֵסǰĹ룬һӦΣղŵ׶ʲô
εĿɵǧһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧŴǣЩͷƤ顣
һβ۾Ư
ʲô
ڿ۾Ư
Ҳ˵ֻ
ǾƯղΪν۾סʲôҲ
ǧüͷôҲ벻ףʹſ˵Ŷлл
η䣬ǰġˡ
ǧһۣǰΪĥ
̧˵һ䣺ɱֽī֭ȫˡ
ǧһͻȻ뵽ǰЩԼŪúܺڣǷΪøɾء
üīΪĥҲһΣҲŲ
ε΢΢ʲôҲû˵
ǧΪĥʱʱ̧˼ۡ
ġ࣬ÿ
ǧ𴽰꣬Ц貣ЩӺͷദгΪᵽͤסЩϰߣȴܺܿӦ
ԺҪ뿪Σ᲻Ӧİɡ
ǧģͽ̨еī֭
ÿ̲ס㿪ڵո˵תͷˣ
ǧüһûֻһʱʧְˣѾҲˡ
һġһֵ˵ҩʦպ󣬵ʱпվ㡣
嵭ǧµĶһ٣Ҫң
Ҫ˰ɡҩʦдװǹݿǺã
֪Ĺǣǳڵ㲻ģʱֻǾţᱩ¶ݵġ
ô˵ǧ˿ɹһȻξȻҪҩҪ׼ʽȻпҩ
ǧǹһ˿˿ۣðʱҵ
ףּͷġ
ʱܿ͹
ҩʦҲ˵ĿµΪҩʦٰģԣ̨ڹĴͥԺС
еѧͽȫμˡ



409 ѩܺͱѩ

ǧȺһۣЩѧͽ󶼴Űɫ£ҲһСѧͽųɫ£ɫĻµһҲûƼ
ҲԣаͰҲŰ˽ףɫ¡
Ҫָȼôߵѧͽֻھͱˡ
ѧͽվ̨£ȴűԿʼ
̨úɫĳװţ̨֮µĸߴһźľΪ׼ġ
֮󣬳һ˹лһ̣汻첼ţȥطǳ
ǧӹµһתӦǱʤĽƷ
аͰλϺܿϣǳµȺһۣܿ콫ϵĺ첼ƿ
ɲǡ
һӨ֮ǰ˸
âɢ˿ʱһǵɴ˫˵
ľȻǡ
ǧҲпȥзһɫ״Ķǰĵ伮ʱ񿴵
Ӧǧѩɡ
뵽˴ǧҲǵһ
Ȼǧѩҩʦƴ֡
δ˻аֻ۶ؽһ̴򿪣ɲǣһƹâ͸
ٴξض̲š
Ȼǡǧѩܣ
ҩʦҪҪôƴ֣ǧѩǧѩܣȫǼΪϡеĺö
ǧѩҲ΢΢һ
ǧѩյܹ࣬˵Чȴյ򱶣Ǵ½ΪĶǧѩܾ͸ˣܽٶҵľ綾Ҳܻ⣬ⶫ͸Ϊˣǵ£ӦҲδۼѩܰɡ
ǧϵı¶
Ҫ
δѧͽǻаЦڵλ֪ʲôɣ
ѧͽǷ̾
Ȼ֪ǧѩǧѩܣǼΪĶ
аϣǲֻҪΪһܵõˣ
аЦû˵
ӻ䣬һ࣬ǵģֻҪΪһǵġ
ѧͽǲܰɫж࣬ٴλҲЩԾԾԡ
ǵõǿ϶ö࣡
һֳɫµѧͽĦȭɫµѧͽˣͻȻеѹȥǵȼôܴͣܳɫ£
ԣǳɫ֮ĶԾ
ǧɫµʿ䣬۾
ûģҲûģ
ܿҩԾͿʼˣ̨ɫµѧͽ
Ĺܼ򵥣̨ԣ˭Ƶĵҩþֱ̭ܽԴƣֱѡһΪֹ
ҩʦ˲ֻ̫࣬Ҫһѡһˡ
ǧ°̨ͣЩͽҩʦҩʱַڿٶȣƵġ
Ǵҩݣǧֿ˼ۣǴõҩݲ©ʲôҲͦ࣬ҩҩĻʲôö
Źһʱ˲Žҩƺá
ǧ̲סһǷƵĲǳҩѣһʱ
ǧ뵽ԼƳҩҲ˰ʱ
̧λϵıѵǵĲٶȣԼȴǱ̬һ
ǧһ룬˶ˡ
ֲλͦԾĿ⿴һĻ񵤣ԭͷĲԾԲŻ˵ġ
ǧüëһܿûڴϾˡ
ֳ̨ϿȥЩѧͽƵĵҩǵͽ׵ģƷʴʮϣߵҲʮƷʣȫûʲô㡣
ǧӣһξƳʮƷʵĵҩȻЩ̬ˡ
ܿ죬аϾƷʮλʤűѧͽ̨Ȼ󣬴ҩݣҩϡ
ǧ˯
īܲμӱԣ˶ЩɵģŤͷǧС磬Ҳμӱ𣿡
ǧ˯һЩţұˡ
īͰ͵سʵǷС׼ʲôʱȥԣ
ǧֳ̨Ͽһۣܾ᲻ȤٵһɣҩҲͦ۵ģһʵʱȥ
īͬصͷǷС˭ʤ
ʤ
ǧָԼǿЦҾÿҡ
ī΢΢ԭأȻŵİ
ܿ컺СȻЩɫµǰƺΪһЩУһĵһ˵ҩ츳
С˻ӵϢͨǧЦسһۡ
īͷҲȥμҩԣֻȥˡ



410 ҩչ

ǧЦЦβ
įְ̄ɫ֮ĶԾûкܾʣǿλҩԵʰɡ
˫ִͷ
ǧʵôˣ
īС˿ܣѹǺܺÿ㲻뿴ˡ
ǧʵҲ뷨
ûãɫµѧͽѾˣվ̨ϵһü۵ˣһϮɫۣЩһĨɫƺû뵽Լߵһ
ǧվȺУԼָ⣬ûȥأλƺЩ˹ˡ
С磬㻹ûȥأƺԼǰɫĵһīߴȥ˫ԾûҪȥ˼
֮λ˾ͱһɫµ˸Ūȥ
ͦˣڰɫӱˡ
ʱ˶ˣǧҲǰɫ¡
аͰڸ̨ϹۿͻȻǾЩԾܾúʲô©ˡ
а̲סֹһ䣬ϼһûоòԾܾúЩʲôֵֹġ
һۣ˰βſ˵ȷһЩǲ˭ûȥμӱԣ
аԴһʱҲ벻ˣǰɣҲˣЩǲס
ֽĿͶ̨ϣҲаһ벻Ķˡ
ûãɫµѧͽֱ̭˴룬̨ĽͶԵĻףǧв֡
һϳڳ˽ǻ
ǿ쿴ǶĽǰһĵһĽмҵ֧ŽЩ
˵굽˭ʤ
ӦǶɣȥǵһӦҲǵİɡ
ҾýĽʤ
ֹãû۳Щʲô
ǧվ̨֮¿ˣֶԾЩηηģ˴ǵСһžѻ
˵Ľ츳Ҳīٴο˵С磬˵˾˭Ӯأ
ǧ°ͣһŵǲĻҾӦǶʤ˺ҩһʱ϶Ҳ˲١
īֵ˵ĽĵȼǼԴȥģ鷽ǷȱͬС˵



411 

ʱ̨ϵıٴչ
վǰʼҩݡ
ǧ̲ס̨Ͽȥֶҩݵַһ̣ηηţõͦɾ
λĽԼˣɵǧҩҲͦɾ
˼
ǧһ˲˲̨ܾñЩˣǹˣ
˼ͬʱҩݵģ˾ͳġ
ҩݺ˿ٽҩݶ뵤¯С
˽ԲǻϵħʦֻʯһɲǣʯϵĻڵͦߣҲ¯׶յͨ졣
ǧţƵ¯ַܲŸһЩĽĻԾЩꡣ
˴ʱǧŵһҩζ
ǧ΢΢һţٿüĿһյء
С磬ⵤҩζҩζͬյīǧ°ڣʵ
ǧһۣ΢΢𼸷֣С˻ӵıӵ飬ǵȷյ
õ϶𰸣īЩȣ˶ƳҩȴյǵҩƷ֣ǾѾʤһˣ
ǧȴͬ
һǳҩһǸ߼ҩ˭ʤ˭һӾͺˣֲаҪյ
ǧָ⣬ĿٴͶ̨ϡ
̨֮ϣѾеؼ飬ҪĻ𹮹̵¯ˡ
ǧĿڶٿüͷ壬һɫת
ִˣһǼĴ
ǣ񶡾ηηţϸĵ˲ִܷǡ
ģΪʲô⡭
ǧͫһʶĽȥǶܣˣƽҲ¼Щ紵ݶ϶ͻӦ˰ɡ
ǧۣһ
ΪҩΪȰȴһЩͷˣԼӰҩܳ
ǧ̨˫ͬ˪
īܾЩ䣬̲ס˴ֱС磬ûоЩ䣿
ǧ̾ͽȥû䣬С˻ӿˣ
΢е㡭ܿ죬īͻȻһֲ֣ˡ
ǧЦ
ֹһʱ䣬̨ϼ˵ĵҩѾɡ
Ľ˵ɫٶЩãǶɫһһ׵ļΪˡ
ǧ֪ԵɣĿ˼֡
ʱĽؽӴ򿪣һ˲嵭ĵҩζƮɢظѧͽֻѡ
ⲻǳҩζѲǡյ
ѧͽһ㶣һÿֵر鿴Ľ
ֻƳҩյʲôûȥ룬ȴĽѾһֵҩƳˡ
Ľĵҩִ𣬵λϣƵһŵͽյƷʮϡ
һѧͽٴλȻ
ƳҩʱƷҲʮңյܽƷᵽʮϡ
˱ˣ
Ľαֵòаߣź룬Ц
ĽĸˣüҿƵҲյɣЩ¯򿪣һơ
սȭͷٳٲ϶֡
ĽۣٴƵЩ򿪰ɣ˷ʱˡ
ɫΪѿƬ̲Ŵ¯򿪡
Ÿһ򿪣һζǼ⡣
ζѾҩ˰ɡ
ŵ¯ڵһҩӣ˫Щ졣
ˣⱾԸģֻǡСĽһֿۣٽĿ˻
ûȨûƣֻܼһʱƽ
ӴһŵζĽӣڽյ˰ɣ
òŵͷˡ
䣬ͷøͣһֻСһ
Ľͬɥ֮ȮͷЦҼҲյΪֵһϸˣȴ㾹Ȼˣû¾յĵʲôʱˣ
򴽲˵һ
ʱ̨µѧͽҲֹ
ΪӮû뵽ȻôյһЩѽ򣿡
ƽСûͬ˵ͬǼįˣŻ²ߵİɣ
öİ
˵ָָ⣬ȴûұɱš
ǧһΪе
Ļֻ䱾۸ֻһʱƽϣ뷨ֱ޴



412 Ҳյ

С磬ÿ˶˵ءīЩȥˡ
޷ֻ˵ѣⱾԼѡ񡣡ǧۣ˵Щ
īò̫Լѡ񣿡
ǧԼѡ·ٺҲҪȥ
īͿˣʲô˼
ʱаͻȻڵĽλһ¡
Ľֳյ߸˵˹ȥ
򴽣Ƭ̺űһҩӳǱȥ
ߵλߣĽȽҩϣλϣƵյȻƷʲʮҲƳˡ
аյִ𣬹һŵͷƳյѾǳˣƷʻʮϵģֵҩϿɲúܺá
Ľһ˵ò
ָ⣬鲻
аȥЩָǰǸ֮ˣôջˣ
ɫ࣬Ҳһ䣺»ʲôҪ˵
ҡ΢١
ʵʵ˵һӴĽĿ⣬ˡ
ĸĽ˼ʱֵõùˣƲҲɲзϡ
У
ܱɲзϵģҩ
һ뵽Ľֳһѳв˵ǲڱϹĻҪֻȫ
޸֮ĽĶֻ֣ܴӦĽҪ󣬱Ҳ
˫ſ˵λϣҵĴƽʱƳյģһ̨ԴЩף벻岽ˡ
Ľ󣬼Цɲа˵ƽղ˴򽻵ģ
ͷøͣǵġ
ԲŻţ̬治áĽ̸˼ģΪ⡣
λϳһۣЩϧ
츳õһӰΪŶ˵ҩεĵһ޹ˡ
аĽļЦеĽòյӱɵ»кЩѧͽûбԣǻǵðչ
Ľλ˵ʲôʲô
аЦЦٿͶѧͽϣм䣬˭Ƴöյõĵҩ̨ɡ
һѧͽ
յҪõĵҩ
Ҳ˵ҪͬһƷʣƷʮҵģѰ
ѧͽ̿ˮʧȥģյƲĻȥˣ
аϣȨǲˡ
ԣǸƲյͲˣˡ
Ƕϱˣаߣź룬Ľʤȴ־ЩԾиûȰɣ
ʱһԽаϵһ£һûбء
̨´ӳ˶
ѧͽŤͷˢˢǧȥһǸɫ£Сӣѧͽ۷׷ס
С˭ҺĽȣ
ǿŰɫ£ֻһССҩʦҲţ
ҩʦƳյ
˵ǧɫݵվڷУʱϵİɫ۷ͬѩ׷ףȴҲ
ĽǧСû뵽СԼײǹˡ
Ųƫţ޴
ɫҲյĽһڽ
ֱڲŻǧһۣ˲¶һĨɫ
ǲɵҲյ
Ľˣɵײǹϣǰɣ
ǧ΢䣬̧°͵Ľݹӣ֮治У˭˵ҩʦͲƳյˣ
ĽһԽʮ㣬ʷϴδҩʦƳյλҲʱƳġ
ûУûСǧָ⣬޿֡
Ľĥһ뵽ֻڳǿѣܽյֻ׵
һαԽ͵뿪ҩʦˡ
ǵĶԼ˾͵Զ뿪ҩʦᣬ֪𣿡ĽͲֳϵѿڶ
ǧĿ΢⡣
ҲĽݹӲҪˣˣҲԶ뿪ҩʦᡣǧüЩ
ĽһҲ䡣
Ǵˣѧͽٴԭء
λϵɫҲЩѿҩʦʥޱȣǾȻҴֶ񶾶Լ
򴽣һҴֶԼǿɶаǲǵģ
ͶĿ⣬аһ޹ϼһο治ңҲ֪ôĽʶ֡



413 ʦҲ

ƳͷĿͶǧϡ
ֲøղܾЩʲôԭûвμӣһμӾȻ˵ҪյǲЩϷˣ
װ
аЦļ򣬵ҲƳĻ񵤣εյơ
˼
ǻϵħʦƳ
Ҫյаڳһɫʵ
ǧһ̨
а΢ṦҪյƷʾͱ뱣ʮϣ𣿡
ǧͷ裬Ȼеġ
ڼУյһֱнףƷʾʮϵģҪͽ׵ҩС˼
ȻģǱ㿪ʼɡаơ
ǧɫݣٽҩݴɾ
ַۻңĽסˣҲڵ
ҩַȫҲ
̿ˮһȣͻȻԼǸ
ҩݣǧһԶҩݶ뵤¯ڣбһƻϵħ
ϵħһ˾
꣬Ȼǻϵħ
ҩʦᾹȻǧ֮һĻϵħʦ
Сӵ˭Ϊλӵлϵħ
Ҵ½Ҳû˵֡
˲²׷ףȴʼղ²һȻ
īŵϴ󣬴һŷӦС羹ȻҪȥյ
ǿǸ߼ҩյһСС
īָ⣬Щˡ
ʱһǳǳҩζ̨Ʈɢҩʮ಻ϡ
ŵҩζٴס
ŰʱӴζˣ
˵յҪƳɹˣ
뵽˴б귽˱ɴӣһ뵽׶ѣ¶һҪı顣
׶յЩɫµĻʲôã
ʱĽɫҲЩѿѲ汻Ƴҩ˰ɣƳƷҲܳʮ׶ѣʮƷʣ
Ľ㰲οԼһüá
һ䣬ĵҩζøŨűƣȫС
յζãŵЧҲã̫˼ˡ
̨ϵλҲ΢΢һŨĵҩζǴδŹģֱǼƷ
ҪŵʱаĿͶ˱𴦣һƣٿһ£ϼһӦûɣǱߵǲǴʦΣ
ʦΣ
ҲĿͶ˹ȥƹȥʱҲаһ˫졣
Ǳߡ
иӰϵҫɫƮͷ׷˿ƣϸܲɷ֡
߽Щʱλ˶ǰ״
ǷΣ
ͤУҩʦʲô֡
߽λӭӵԭǴʦôпǵҩʦ᣿
η䣬ڷ죬ǹƷв˵ˣұơ
Ʒвˣ
λ˲ԭء
ǹƷв˵
ʦ⻰Ǻ⣿šüʵ
ƿһһ³յϢ˵ǹƷвˣСڹֻЦ
λٴһ㶣ǻΪǿЦ´ʦǰôжƷв˵ˡ
˭һʱҲ޴˵
ʦƷв֮˭̲סʡ
κȻһֱ̨ȱ˵ɣƷв֮ܲܵġ
λŽеɻѹȥ
ΪҪⳡԣһȱ˵ɡ
λϴѧͽΪ׼һӡ
ָָһԵӣ˵ʦɡ
ηĿȴһֱ̨ϣδջ
аһֱڿ̨̲סЦʦҩСӽзϴθһ㻹ͤУʦɻǵã
εȻǵãյ𣿡
аЦͷʦıӿ飬ȷյڶŵһЩҩζˣʦŵ𣿡
ɲһŨҩζƮǼ⣬ֻһţˬ˲٣ŵˣ
û뵽˷λô䣬λһ㶡
ʦλĽΣаָָһԵĽղһŵͽյƷʮࡣ
γϿȥϵһţ
ǡаͷ
˫ûп˵
аһ㶣ǲˣˣԲŲ˵ģ
ʦ˼Ѳ¡
ʱҩɵؽС



414 ϶

ǧ𣬺ܿĻ𹮹̵¯һǰһһʱ
һʱĻƵ¯ѧͽǼˣŴͣһʱ˵
ղĽҩҲ˴ʱɣȻһʱҲ̫ˡ
õʱ٣ƲҩҲ״
׵Сֻڻأ
ѧͽظ㰲οԼ
ĽҲǧ汻Լõĵҩû˵һԶ뿪ҩʦᡣ
УԲԷ
Ľתתӣƺʲô취ɹ
һһĨߣ̲ס̨ϿȥһǷΣֱӴԭء
ʦΡʲôʱģ
Ľ̿ˮôôʦĿܲѺãҪһ㣬ٽĿջأҲˡ
ڴʦǰˣС˼˰ɣ
ֹһǧŽϵħˣվҾλϣѾյƺˡ
˵䣬ĿԱһ࣬ͻȻ죬۲ҲŻε
һϯ£衭ǷΣˡ
ǧ̲ססָ⣬Ҳ΢΢һ
ζĿ⣬üĿҲЩ͡
˽ֻǶӣ¾õĴ
Ȼˣͽ¯򿪰ɡаߣź룬Ц
ǧһ㶣ŽĿ˻
֣¯򿪣ɲǣһɸΪŨҩζƮɢ
ζ·ܴ͸˳ѡ
ҩζôŨ¯ԲյƱĽĺúܶ౶
ѧͽôһ룬Դӵؿǧ
װȻƳյ
̫˼ˣƽδŹôŨҩζ̨ϵǸС꾿˭
ֻζŨһѣܲܳԽĽҲδ֪¶ǲЩã
ѧͽ𾪣гݣҲһЩʵġ
Ľ˫ȭɫøΪѿ汻Ƴˡ
ǧ¯еյȡɲǣһīɫľӨҩ£Ҳ˲С
˼ˣһ
ҩԲ⻬ӼΪƯǴδģȼȻǵͽףƷʾȻڡʮϣ
ףƳյѾ˲ˣȴ뾹ƳƷʾʮϵģλʱҲ
ʮϣƷʾȻھʮϡаشλվ
Ȼ𾪣ȴɲɽδֳʧ̬һ档
Ϸ͵ʱ򣬽ֻƳƷ߰ʮյģʱƳ㲻׵յʵЩ˼顣аߣź룬ϸп
ǧٷվԭ˵ľЩΣ·⡣
Сֵܣ㽫յơа֣Ҳһڴɫ
ǧִյһаȥ
ֳȥüͷһڼʱƵһֱнյ񡭡ʲôֽŰɡ
ǸƻСѾͷ
üɫһα֡
ǧ͵͵ۣܿѾߵаǰ
յϣаۼֿͽҩִ
ǧţЩЦá
аסŵҩ̾ͽףƷʾʮϡõĵҩǸҩţ
佱ǧЦ
аֿ˼ա
Ľյؽָ߬
ȻƳõյôܡ˰ɣ
аϣܲҲһöյĽͻȻǰƺץסǧİѱ
а֪ģ㽫յСŵ㣬ǼõĶ
ĽɫףǺöѵͲǺö
ҧгݣ޲ýеĵҩ飬ȷǸõĶһƳõĵҩ᲻ʲô֮
֮
аϸϸƷζɫͻȻ΢֣˼ǣ
Ľûɫкβԣֱ˵Ҿ϶ˣһССƳƷʵյ
λϵɫΪá
νǣҲһâһھƷй治ô
Ƕ˵ĽЦøΪģǶҲеĲԾһСɾ͵ùˡ
λаֻ»Ľüһ˵
ǧ̾ϢЦؿȻĽݹ˵ף֤ݣû֤Ǳˣ´ʦҲҪ
Ťͷοȥ
ҲĿͶ˫ڣȻѣƷʾʮϵյϡУôѰôһŵҩ



415 ȥ

ĿϮ
Ľ̿ˮܾԼѾ͸ˡ
ҡǸĽŵ˵һ
վӸµĽƽ˵ˣɴ˿ɼƷеȷˣڹûʲôô
Ľڵ
⻰ʲô˼Ѳɻ뽫ϳ᲻ɣ
λͻȻҲƷζе˼ʦղ˵Ʒв֮ˣĽ𣿡
ε嵭棬ǵģ˵ҾȥЩϣȷ۸ѧͽĽǭǱ䱾ΪеС
ʦĻţһ˵ڣû˸
ĽҲһ̱ڵأŵ˵κνƱĻ
Ľɻл˵εʹüۣһ
Ľ̿ˮβҲĬˡ
ολϣˣڹ𣿡
λ϶һۣſ˵ȻǲܵģĽͷģ˵˾ҪԶ뿪ᣬԸķ䣬ֳôһ׮¶Ľ͸ˡ
εá
Ľҵصڵء
Ϊλˣ
ʦô֪˭˭͵͵ȥŵģ
ĽӲתȴ벻һȻ
ʦ˽¶ȻܵˡǧЦŵ٩ȴˡ
ϴֻһ죬û뵽ȻסˣҲصĽģһжΪ
ǧָ⣬ͷøˡ
˵Ķ£ұܡ
ǧЦЦͲ˵ˡ
ſڵϵĽһѶ˶ˡ
òײŽҩʦᣬǴ˿̱ϳ˻ô
ʱֻ¸ԴٴɣǿԼڹȥԺԹҫ棬ʱĽݼҶˡ
ĽҧһקŷεĿȲţʦĹһΰɣ´ζؾˣҲˡ
򴽣˫庮ϰߺİ˿
ӣЩˣɽ׸ıƣǸƽĵط˵һһҲı䡣
ǧɫãܿĽҲ֪ʦϲɣקţ治֪ᷢʲô
Ľŵýǵôʦȷϲ˴ġ
ʦĹΰɣһĵġĽö޳ˡ
ۣ鵭Į
վ̨µĶˣ˵ʹС
ԾҪ뿪ĺǷҪ٣
⼤ָ߬ⲻš
ƺܸˣīգ۾
һС˻ŵö˵ˣҡûкܸˡ
ηηģīͻȻúû˼̧̨ϡ
ʦ治˼飬ûȥ硣
ҩԵʤǷаͻȻڣתͷֿĽĽƷвˣչͽ̤빫벽
һٴλȻ
졣
û뵽У˵ͳһҲûС
˵Ⲩð
ͿĽ˳ˣԼף˼С˻ӻûʹɫأʲôʱ
Ḻ߲̌Ҫˡ
ǧ˼ۣϲûκ֮ͬɫ¾Ҫ쾭壡
ˣĽͳȥаһԵѧͽ˹
ܿ죬һѧͽ͹Ľˡ
Ľû
ĽߣаתͷǧСֵܰҩԵĵһЩƷҲˡ
ǧӹаĽƷ촽лλϣƷҷǳϲ
аЦУϲͺãҲϣܶ
ǧЦЦû
̨µЩѧͽַ󾪺
ΪһǶĽȴ뾹һзСӡ
һǸɫ£ˡ
ѧͽֹ˵ţҲ¶۵Ĺâ
ƷǺöҲõ
ǧǵľϱ鲻䣬ݵؽƷռУ̧һɫҲЩˡ
λϣɫҾȻȥˡǧҾ˵ʱ̲סֳοһۡ
Ƴͷһ¾ͶĿ⡣
ǧüëһؽĿջתߡ
λûǧǿס˷ΣʦѵҩʦһˣɫҲˣҪɣ
ιҡͷɫ廪ɣҼҷڵһؼһͬǲȥġ
һǰǧ㱻
ģ
ܣ



416 㿴һʢ̻

λɫҲЩ쳣
˵ķĴʦǸϧϱĺɷ
һ䵭ʵ󲻳
ǴʦȻȥɣ÷˵ȼˡλϰڰ֣ҲҶ
΢䣬ˡ
߳ҩʦᣬһѽ˵Сڡ
СھףЩʲô鶼ᱻ֣ǧһ㶣ȴ۵٩СӺģ㽫ʲôֵɣ
ϵˣҴȥطοڵĮ硣
ǧס
̫ˣڹ컯֮»·
ﾲףû˻Ƽ㿴šȴЩִ֡
ǧץ½ٴεЦҿţֻ͵ɡ
ʹһ͵
ˣͻҵҪҪȥʲôط˵ţǧͽϵװ£һذɫɴȹ
ϤϤĴ𣬷ţҲһ
ϵãǧǰ˳ε°ڣһˣ㾿Ҫȥʲôط
ο粽߳Сӡ
ǧԭվ˻ȥʱϵ۷裬ʤա
ʮﳤִ֣һӣһ¥ǰͣ¡
ģ̌һ¥ܸߣʮôߣÿһ϶׺űɴᣣƮʱɴ裬ƻãһζƮɢ
ǧţ΢΢𾪣ȸҲܶˣȴӲ֪ô¥
ǣȸֵľ
Ǿ㣬ôûһˣ
ʲôطΪûˣǧһ˲ͿͷϷ׷ɵ
ü۵ʹĿϣ⴦Ǳʹ͸ҵģƽȻ˽
ǧ΢΢ɴ󼸷֣ôһ¥󣬶ˣ
εıȤ̲סϸϸ
ǧһ飬ͤһô¥ǮʲôĹȻÿɶ
ҿ⴦¥󣿡ǧüëһŸȻһϡٵ¥ʲôÿģ
εסС֣ȥ
ǧţҲ¥Щʲô
뵽¥ڣǧÿգ紵ʱЩɭɭģ̿ˮʵ¥ôգôһǵÿҲ棬ǶƬյط
Ҳ̫ŪЩٴδëҲݿɺã
ͷ⻹δȫ£ǵĹĽëϣɲǣɽӵһƬ
ǧĽë붼ûͿӦðҵÿվͰһ
ǳǳﴽҲһЦ⣬ȥ¥
¥
ǧüëһʮ㣬ȥ¥ĻҲҪߺóһʱ䡣
¥ʲôö𣿡ǧһ䡣
εصȥԺ֪ˡ
˵ǧҲͲˣظߡ
ܿ˾¥¥и̨ȥСķֱӳС
ǧͦƯɲͷʵ¥Щİɣ
ҡͷصȻһЩиΪÿĶ
ʲôǧЩ档
һɫڹŪһ֪ˡ
ǧüиΪ˼֣δľʲôأ
δףһ̻ڶߴ顱ļ˲ͽ˼˻
ǧ͵̧Ϳһ̻֮⡣
ͷ׵ɫǺÿվ¥̻ܽ۵ס
ǧ̻ʹâͶϣɲǼһʣҲһɫ¶
¥ⳡʢ̻
̻ҪҿıЩ𣿡ǧͷʣҲȾһ̻ɫ󣬺ġ
ףʵЩɻϲ
Һϲǧٴ̧еЦȾգ·̻Ҫü֡
׻һɫϲá
ǧᳶε°ڣʵΪ޶˻̻ų֡
Ľ͵ȸ½̻ڣÿʱǧ̻ʣƯ
̻ڣ
ǧ򴽣֪ȸ½Ľգƽ￴ôһЩ飬֪ȸ½Щգڷδɹʲô
ԭ̻ڰҵˡǧͷƽմû˸һֽգö֮Ҳˡ



417 ߳Ա߿Ӵ

޷νֿͷǳԺһһ
ǧ۾ɵɴ󼸷֣ĿҲ˵Ժ̻ɶҪһ
ۣ۲ǳǳζҪһ
üĿͣãһ
ǧһʱûƷλԼղ˵ĻǺ⣬ٴοգϵȫЦ⡣
ֵ⴦ط̻𿴵Ϊֻһˣ˵ˡ
ǧָ⣬֪ΪЩˡ
ԣط˲֪ܻأ
һ룬ǧ죬Դʹһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ξҲһ仰Ҳû˵
ǧеȹߣ̲סʵὫĽŪȥˣΪ˵Ʒв𣿡
ʱ紵ƹǼ⣬㣬̻ζ
վ࣬紵ͷ˿ҲȾһ߲ɫǵģΪ㣬Ǳ¶˱ԡ
ǧ̿ˮ˵ҲΪ
򴽣ȴһƲǳǳһɲǣͷҲž
׼𣿡ǧͷƳ𴦣תƻվпչˣ
λش΢Ѿ׼ԻЩС飬һµġ
ԭˡǧӦһ㲻˵
ʱҹе̻ҹգƺԶҲϨ
̻кöóԵģҪһЩ𣿡ͻȻôʡ
Զ
ǧӣЩˣҪԣ̻϶Щʲôöأ
η䣬ӿռָͳľѾҹȥɫСԣǱ߿߳Կɺã
߳Ա߿
ͻȻоӡ
ǧÿ£ʱʱ͵͵ۣܾ΢Щˡ
ûãҹͽɫСˡ
ǧᶯűӣҹõĶ㡣
ҹõʲôͦġǧŤͷһ䡣
ҹڻصһЩ̻ϵɫСԣи㣬ҲЩʵĶ
ǧЩڴЩơ
ҹʳõһµСӽװһִ֮ӿռȡһƿˮ
һɲǣŨľǧգգ۾̲סʵҹʲôƣζͦŨģ
ҹص̻ɫ̻ɫʻƶɣζŨ񣬼úȡ
ɫʻ
˹ɣҲ֪õʻ
ԭˡǧӴ򿪣ɫľˮʺɫġ
ȻǺɫġڹŴǧΪɫء
ҹ˵һߣҲЩ𾪡
ﱾӵܻأ˭ҲҲǽյһҲǧĸɡ
û뵽ﾹҪĵλ
ѵĶ
뵽˴ҹ͵ҡҡͷҲȥ
ҹȻȥɡβͻȻڵ
ҹҲ֪ԼЩãܿ¥ȥˡ
һߣָָϵĲƷ˵԰ɡ
ǧһϵĹкö㣬Щ±ƵѼźͶƣζ˱ǣζ϶Ҳܲ
ҲִӾͿʼƷ
γϸʣͷ紵˱󣬡ζΣ
ǧͣһĨЦӣζ̻ܲϵĶܲ
üĿᣬҲ˵ˡ
˵㶫ǧȾˣǰľͦõģǰ϶ҪƷһζΡ
Լ˱ƣͷͺȥ
μˣ̲ס˵̻ȻʻƳɣҲͦԣǳڱɣǧȶˡ
֪ˡǧڰ֣Ҳ֪ûаĻȥ
̾һˮ¶ǣüͷ֪˾Ͳҹʲô̻ˡ
ˡ֣뽫еľƱ¡
ǧۼֿ죬ֱӽеıƲغãһ̧ܿζǰ״Ҳ֪Ϊڴ˿ֹ̿ƻĵζ
һãĿЩ룬㲻׼͵ҵľƱ
ν΢΢ſˣٺˡ
ûУǧۣһ䣬ͻȻƱݵǰҸȱƣҵľƱ˺òã
Ѿˡ뽫Ʊߡ
ǧƿͼƱקŲš
˾䱭еľˮ˳÷ȫǣ½ʪ͸ˣÿµҲű¶ǧǰ
ǧգգ۾½󴦿ڿʲô



418 µ

һǧͻȻ洽Цû֦Ҳˮˡ
£½ε̾˿ˡ
ûУǧɴƱ磬ͮͮģŷɰղһξҲûкȣҺȾƣ
˵ţֱϵľƿӣһλУʹȥ
εؽƿУ£תͷͶǧ˫ӣ·ʢڴ
ϸƬ̣ͷˮȥ
΢Ĵ꣬ǧ˫Խˣ̲סֵôߵȫ֪꣬𣿡
ȫꣿ
ζžƿеľˮȫĻʱɵһֻ
ûĻֱӽƿӸϡ
ǧƿﻹоˮüЩ˵ƿﻹоˮΪβǶꣿ
򴽲
ǧˣ͵קסε½ֱӽԼǰ
β֪³ٶһŷӦ˹
ǧһŲſڵˣҴȥ
˵˵ûǧüһҪͷθɼܵӡ
ЩЦãСѾͷȹˮԺ󣬵ƺ˼֣һ˵³Ҳͦɰġ
ǧߺ˼ͻȻַεıÿһֹƻĵɫ̿ˮžӼı
ͻĴ÷ԭء
ӽɴͶʱǽĿջˡ
ǧǹһ촽š
β֪󵨣üͷͬʱ뽫ƿʼûǺ»˺
˼ںǧû˼ˣͽƿ
üһЩŵĴζ˵ǲ͵ʲôǹ
⵭ĮˣƷԲ
ǧһ䣺˵أǲ͵ǹζã
Σֱӽǧ
ǧûȾˣĴŷεļҪңһҪȾء
ѡӣתʱϵĺ衣
ʤա
ǧܿصͤ
ŵҹƼæǿһ䣺ӣôˣ
ǧڷλУ˫պ˵ģڳҲЩ
βһۣصˡ
ҹ΢㶣뵽̻ǼΪԵľƣΪӿŻû£û뵽ĺˡ
ӣѾȥѾҹ˵ţͳķȥ
νӣǧŵϡ
ǧűڴϹȦǸģֻè
δӲ֪ƺģ̲סۡ
ǧ˼Ȧθرθģʱض³
ſˮŬθĲȥɵʵܲˣڡŻһ˳µϴϵǡ
ɲǣһζڷӡ
ξûŵһ㣬ƤӶûգһ£ֻǾǧ̾һ
ǸϲϹڵѾͷ
ӣѾˡҹŶ룬ܿŵһζӣʲôζôŨ
û˵
ҹһƳͷͷǧѾˣµôһƬǽ塣
סһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ƿиѾѴ̻һ£˳Щɾ
ҹºܿͽѾߴ˹
˴̣Ѿ߱㽫·ϣŶ
վڴߣӸµؿǧ
ǧ˫պͮͮģ˿˱ָͷ˯졣
ֿ˼ۣľͰзˮţߵ߽ϵ·ˣһѽľͰС
ǧ㱻ˮУδ๾˼ˮҲЩ΢΢³
һЩ
ǧؿľͰԵ˯ɺܳ
վһԣľͰеʱһ˿ңˮļȾ÷ۺ͸һҲȻ
˫㿴еҲıʲô
ǧһӼ˯
μˣҲˣֽˮ˳
ֱ¶ļĦŷϵϣ죬Ҳһ£ƺЩ⡣
νŵϣְϸɾ·ڼûκζľٶûһ㡣
˵Ļȥˣ
ʱᴵνϵʪ·ź¶˯
գǧӡ
˻
Դۣ񱻾һ
ô
ǧ̫Ѩ˺һ滺˿



419 ɫ۵ķ

ǧӣԴʱһѣУæֳŴ棬òźһЩ
ǵ̻ڣͷ̻𣬳˵㶫ЩơȻˣôַ֮Щʲôأ
ǧԴȴôҲ벻ܾԼʲôֵ飬ľƷһֱͦõġ
ŴľҲ̫˰ɣź˼Ѿˡ
ִöǼپƣ
ǧƿ·´ͻȻϵ·ǼǱ˻ˡ
һ㶣æϵ··ú룬Ҳûʲôֵֹ飬Ҳѵ϶ǷѾ߰ġ
룬ǧ´
ǧϵȫЩ嵭
Ե嵭ǧһ䡣
һվŵѾ߻صʦ˵˳̫̫ĶЩ嵭ĵá
ǧϸޱȡ
ǧ뵽Ƹһ֧ӣһξսռͻȻó
緹ͽóϡ
֬ĵƤ͸
ǧ˼ۣͻȻ䰮֧
ѧԺ
ԴսЩѧԺҲûʲôǧѧԺתһȦ󣬱ȥӶᡣ
ʦˣǰЩҪҵڤˮβҵ𣿡ɣܼˣھһ䡣
ǧ˺¼ί񣬵ѾҵǻҺôһ򡣡
ɣЩȣʦ˺ԵôҲҲ㻨˼վҵˡ
ǧЦ
ίȥȸɭ֡
ʱڰħʦܲ
᳤ЩȸҪٰˡһϮµө񣬵ϥص
λϵİӰָ⣬󣬡ЩҶ֪ө㵽˵ʲô
ө룬ֱԣ᳤ʱȸڷʱҪҪһѻ𣬳ŻҽǧѩϹԲһͬ
üǧѩϹԲ֮Ȳ
ө㶣᳤˼ǣ
һܣͻȻһ飬ԣһϸȷһʱʱһһѻӦû˼İɡ
өһ㶣᳤˭ȥжҪȥæ𣿡
Ӱڰ֣أȥ飬Щ½Χµľݵ㶼ˣ
өصˮ½˺öݵ㣬ÿݵ㶼Ϊȫδ˷֣ϼ½µľݵҲͦãֻ½Ǳڼǿ䱸ϼ취αܿЩ䱸ڰ׻½ľݵҲȫǷЩݵ˿ܣᱻһ˵ġ
ѧԺﲻһǵˣӺ˵ʱЩݵͿɡ
өһ㶣ǸܰǣС۶ֻѿΡ
ν޷žͺãǲֱӳͳɡ
ǣȥһС䣬өȥˡ
ӶŲҡҷбøӹܺˡ
ЩʱյļᣬӦְɡ
ǧ񣬾صͤ
һصͿиŰɫ۵վڷ룬һ㶣ΪǼˣϸһƣһͷɫͷ
Ҳ˵ǷΣ
ǧվڷſٴסƽź£ôʹˣ
µӣɽͻȻƼȴܾЩ˼ǲ˰
˼ʱ򣬷ͻȻӣĿҲ䵽ϡ
ǧ΢㶣Ŀһš
µķθΪɷǣ紵ʱذ裬ֳ˷ȥĴ
ǧһʱ侹Ȼգ۾
˳Ȼɡ
ʲôɫÿ
ôˣοʡ
ǧѸٻ񣬡ûʲôֻЩΪʲôͻȻɫˣ
ÿ𣿡ʵ
ǧ֣˲£¶֬ɫÿɫҲÿ㴩ʲôɫÿ
εĿ䵽ϣƸմˣ
ˣɤģģһӿ
ǧãȻʲôˣ
ָָ󣬵֧
֣ǧҲûʲôڵģ󷽷Ҹɷ֧ˣҳҲˣûƼ𣿡
ҡͷûƼ
ǧüֶϵİµ㻹ûشأΪνҪɫˣ
ǼҪۣǰԣʲôطԱЩ



420 ºÿ

ԭǰ·뾹ˡ
ǧǰ·Ҳһƣ·ûʲôԵĵط
ε
ǧ˼£·ӺúãЩϵƷ˼Žջ·ûʲôԵĵط԰Ĵˡ
εеɫ
ǧţͷһ
ˣûʲôֵɣ
˵ģͻȻôһ䡣
ۣһȤζţľƷƺЩá
ǧͷһˣ
ҶһЩʲôǧ򴽣еʵ
αտڲ˵·ڹӡ
ǧֻļǵģҪ֪һУ°һ䣺ҵʲô˵
̾һſ˵ûЩʲôһۻ֮ͲʡˣֻѾǰʰɾ
ǧ̽Եһ䣺
ο˫ڰ׷㻹Щʲô𣿡
ǧθôܣ
ͻã֮ˣӦúԼ̱ôණɡ
ӣæҺˣʲô㲻ĵ¶ǧҡ
޷üĿ嵭һ󷽡
ǧǳǳϻɫӣǸʲôõģ
õġλصʱҪЩ׺ڱϡ
ǧ̲סڷͷϴ˼ۡ
մӲͷκװΣɵ˼ҪЩɫƷһϯɫֽۣأ
ǧϸϸ󣬲֪
Ҳ·ûʲôˣַŵ½Ҫ
ǧľٶæֹȱ𻻵ҿ۰ɡ
ؽַ
ǧ˼ۣ·ĺúÿ򴽣̲ס˵ȹЩӾǼʽˣʱҰͷɺã
γĬ̸ĿڵǲԸҲˣνġ
˵˵ãʱͰͷɡ
ǧЩЦݡ
ʱͷϼָ̨оð
һ룬ǧϵЦݸΪŨ
ܿ͵˼һ졣
ǧľΪͷҪô󣿡
οͭҲܴͭпҡҷӰȫУʱֻҪϵϼɡ
Ҳβѡ
ǧȻصͷˡ
ͷදɲֻһĴͷƤӡ
ǧõıӣڳβϵɫӡ
̲ס˳ͷſ˵ѾˣΣ
γ￴һۣܿ͵ܺá
ǧЦ㣬ȻܺãЩվơ
վ
еĴţһ紵ɫƮ裬βϵɫҲƮͣټӶǰ״ֱȥزμӾۻˡ
һϮ£˳Ⱦֺþ£һʱƲĿ⡭
Щ㶣ʵôˣʲôط𣿡
ǧæҡҡͷûУͦÿģھҪȥʹĹ㳡𣿡
εתʱ㽫ϵĴ
ǧһǴ˵ǼҪõķŻͦƯġ
߰ɡŴعͷ˵
ǧͷĽŲ
ܿ˱˻ʹĹ㳡ϡ
㳡ܴ󣬹д󳼡ӵܻкѧԺѧȫˣʵۺͻʺ絽ˣɼⳡӡ
ʵһˣæӭȥʦļʽȫȨˡ
ε⵭Į
ʵֵʦҪʲô֣ɽǧѩæʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣܱ޽ɽƽ
ϸ룬ֻǧѩϴʦ
ܹɻ飬ȸ½Ϊ٣ǧʲôľǸŮҪģ
ƿͼΪĮ˼֣һˣһҲá
ʵɫЩΡ
ǧѩռػʵ࣬Ϊλʵһӣȴ˵ĮôǷ
Ťͷǧվڷԡ
ɶǾһģұֵôܣ
ǧѩ΢΢ĥ뵽յľ棬˲˼֡
ʦαΰɡʵŤͷһԵǧסɫҲЩѿɼϵȸ½Ĺˣʦɱ㽫ʲô˶ȥ



421 ߲֮

ǧüĿһʲô˿϶˵
ʵ۹ÿʱÿ̶ô
죬ȴҲüƽϡ
οʵۣһãȴֺܿʧˣʱֻһ˽뵽̨Ὣ˷Žȥġ
֮Ҫһ˼룬ʥŮǧѩҲý
˵ǧѩɫһһ׵ģֱһŻ͹ʦ˵üǣŮëëŵǽȥ϶ʦ鷳
ǰÿһۡ
ǧѩֱϵЦ͡
ʵ۳ǧѩһֵۣʥŮȥɣʦá
ǧѩ̧Ÿڱࡣ
ʵ˼ǧҲôŴʦ롣
ǧת
ͻȻͷ༸£û룬ʱɵúúÿš
ǧĿ⣬ֻ˫ھڱʯ֪ҾȥˣٴȥֻҪˡ
˵ţת뿪
ǧѩǶģɫࡣ
ƾʲôɵĴʦҪһ⣿
ǧȥԺ󣬼Ϳʼˡ
ɲǣ㳡죬վڼ̨ϣɫڷ죬ɡͻȻдڿаڶš
һ˲䣬ڶ𣬺࣬Ҳܺ·ܾ˵顣
Ǽõķ
оͦ桭
ǧһ˲˲ż̨ϵķΣ·ֻһ
֮ɲǼһ߲֮ؼڣǧ΢㶣̧ʱ㷢з·һ߲ʵ̺ӣʺһɫȾա
߲֮֮ף
̨µ˼ˣ׷׾
ʵҲɴӣ˫Щ߲֮⣬֮ס޵ȸ½
ʵ˵̨µ˷׷׹ߵݣһϡ
ȸ½
ȸ½
ǧȫߵݣҲȥֻµʱֵʲô鷳
̨ϣμҡŴȻ绪ǧָ֮׳ǰƤӶûգһ¡
ǧڵϣʱʱοȥ
ӦҲĿͶȥһš
ǧ΢㶣ڼأ齫ĿͶ
ǧͷμüŪ۵ʱͻȻһӰӴ
̣ʮ˽㳡Χסֳֵϻһһͼǡڰħʦѫ£
죬Ǻڰˣ
ʶһ㣬ֳ˲üΪҡ
ڰˣ㱣¡
£
˸ߺţһʱ׷Χڻʵߡ
ʵۼô˱һʱеľɫҲȥܱ߿һۣ˲
󵨣Ǻڰ˾ȻҲҴǲ𣿡
ǰΧܣһ޿ֵģ
ʵ򴽣ͷŭȻ
һǿϣЩȫߣ͡
һڳ˶Щ
мʮǵȴϰٸʤѾԶ
ܿ죬󽫾Ҳһ־Ӣʿ粽£ˡ
ʵ۰ڰ֣ɼȥʦڼ룬ǲܱϵġ
Ǳϣȸ½޴ѡ
֪¹ش󣬱ѡһƥӢæϼ̨š
̨رʵ۲˿ǶϣЩ£
һ䣬˷ӵϣ̾ͺͼʮ˲һ
ЩǺڰľӢÿһÿһʽΪ⣬ЩѶԸ
ǧվһ࣬۲Χʹн䱸ɭϣҲ֪Щôڲκ˵½ġ
ǡнӦˡ
ǧۣЩҲ˵һٶڹ
ڹֻ˭أ
ǧ𴽰꣬ڰѾڲԺ¶϶ʱǲٲʱҲֻᱻڰǣű߶ѣ
ʱ򡭡
ֻá顱һһ˱ǧǰ
˴ӵһɷ
ǧۣôö˶˷һˣ
˼ʱһŮӹò˼һʧ־ͽ˴Ǳȥˣ޷㣬һ˶Ըһ°ɡ
ԭǧѩù
ǧüĿһֱӽȼĶذȡͺ˲һ
ڴ򶷹Уǧ˺˼öڡ
ಡ㲻ܿͱ˲ȥ
ɵһˣǧ֣



422 ͻȻǧ

ǧѩҧ
ź˿Ҫɾʱм˴Ӹ߿£ƺЩûûˡ
ʵõԲ˫Ŀô£ŵʿǸʲôԵģΪλŽôڰˣ
ʵţȴȫûеõκλӦ
ºڰ񣬻ʵ۲ٶʣֻҪηС
ٴĺƺΪʮΧһȴκˣ·ӵнղ֮һ㡣
ʵۼսЩ̫룬üûԷôһЩ˶ԸˣҪкã
ⷬƺͦԣ˻ţŭţٴγϮȥ
ǧѩһԱʵۣȴһ䣬ʥŮ㲻ʱ̱ޣҲӵж֮ˣΪ޻£
ǧѩ΢㶣ᱻ
ʥŮЩЩȫ£ʵʮشһ
ǧѩҶԣִеķȾ˶塣
ʵ۷䣬ͬʺվһΪȫĽ
ǧһۣЩղŻ˵Լӵжת۾ȫĵطȸ½ĵ
Ǹ˰
ǧͻȻһ¡
һˣִ𳤽ʵۿȥ
˵ٶȼ죬ȫҲϲȥ
ʺҲвغСģ
ʵŤͷһһѽߣͫ׽ԴҲЩ΢΢ףԴ˷֪Ρ
Сİ¡ʺ󼱵ÿˣ²ûȡ
³ҪˣʺһæסԼ۾ٿ
ʵ۶Ľ棬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ԽԽԽԽ
͡һһѪڿɢ
ǧΪʵѱУŤͷһٿһɫ
ô
£û̫ˡʺʵû£ȹЦ˹ȥ
ʵ۵Щ죬ŻѪֱŮӣû뵽ؼʱ̾Ȼͦ
ǧ⣬ǸǰЩӱͷŮӣȻԹޣͦȡ
ʵ۽§ǧ⣬һʱеǸұˣǧû°ɣΪҪޣ
ǧ˫ղҰףʱ³һѪĭȸ½ı£ͲӦó£ŮӦõģȿȡ
ǧ첻ˣʵۣǧ⣬㲻
£ŮֻҪǲˡ
û°ɣʺʵۻлһȾѪŮӣüЩĵʵ£ѪŮ˭
޹ʵһѽʺƿŭȵղΣʱܵñӻ죬Ҫǧͦȣֻˡ
ʺƵڵأˤˣޡ
ʵ۱޵ķңޣ֪ޣûõĶ
ʺһ޵øӴˡ
ǧʧЦЩӵؿǱ
ʵۺͻʺѣƺֶǧôЩøУܾĹѪӾһ㣬ÿһ͸Ź졣
û°ɣ˾ȼ١˾ȼ棬ֱӽղ͵Ϯĺճɻҽ
ʵŤͷ㿴һϯµ˾վ࣬û£ֻǧΪ˾ޣΪӲһ˿ܲ
˵ĻһѪӦþͻ˰ɡ˵ţ˾͸ǧιһѪ
ʵһؿǧѪûκκת˿ڶûϡ
Ϊλˣʵҧŭ
˾Ϊǧ˰ٿüͷڵ˺ڰĶˣڰˮóǧеĶΪԡ
ʵۼ˫죬ǸΣû𣿡
˾Ǳ߿ȥ£Ҳֻдʦа취˰ɡ
¼Ѿ¼̨ǿĵ
¡һڵϣɽ̿ͬʱڵ֡
ղŵ޾˾̾ѣ
ηϵѩӭ裬ֻ㾲վţв˿
ǼڵģǶһۣܿ뿪
һʱ㳡ϻָƽ˦䣬ǧһȥǰվſʵղû°ɣ
ǧҡҡͷû¡
û¾ͺáͷһɡ
ǧѩһ̨οǧҧĲܵԽԽࡣ
ʦЩǧ⾿ˡʵۼеؽлһ
δǧһͬ˹ȥ
Ϊ˾޶ˣʦǲжˣʵͷΪż§ǧСǲϷ֡



423 Ȼ

ǧüѲɻʵĶ
Ϊǧһŵȷ˺ڰĶ˶ԣʮĸʱڽⲻ˶
ʵȻɴ۾ƺЩܲˣʦһа취ģԲԣ
ʦ˵ҼҶж𣿡ǧѩѶһǧ˫ղҰ׵ڻʵۻУ򴽣¶֮ɫ
һſ˵취Ȼеġ
ʵ۾Σʲô취
α鲻䣬Ѫ
ʵһ㶣Ѫ
ǧҲ̲סοһۣѪŴʻ㵹Щ棬ȥҲЩѪܵġ
ǵı¡Ľ͵ЩѾ뵽ǧѪҺУҪ뽫Ȼͱ뽫ЩȾѪųڴ˹пܻʧѪ࣬͵Ҫ֮ΪѪֻܱ֤ȫ
ʵͷãǾͻѪɡ
һ·ǧ޹ʦʼɡ
γǧ⿴һۣ֪Ѫ֮˭
ʦŮɡǧѩվ˵
ɡʵһæֹʥŮбͿϹԲ̵ΣѪгʲôǿǺã
ǧѩ򴽣ǿǺã
ʵһŤͷ㿴վڷǧüһǧΪǧѪɣȻǧҵ˾ӦΪЩ¶
ǧЩЦ
ǧѩֵǮͲֵǮˣ
ͲǧˣѪֵõ
£ĪˣŮǧҼĺӣҪ˵ѪֵõŮǧüгڽ
ʵһ㶣ǧȷǧҺӣǱġ
򴽣һʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
γʵۿһۣĮ£Ѫıǧ֮ˣʲôԣһغ
ƴŲ
һ㶣һʱҲû⣬ѪӦý˭
ǧѩ϶ǲеģǧֲǧˣô˹ؼʱһĶס
£ŮѪɡǧˮȺվ˳ǧŮĶ㣬ŮȻ岻ݴǡ
ʵ˺һǧС㣬ֻΪ˵͵ǧѩǧһȣĴڸоͷǳˡ
Ѫʵ۳֣С
ǧˮܿɵһԵĴϡ
ִϵСǧɲǣɫѪҺһȳζ
ҽϵĹͻȻ˵
ǧӣݵС
ɫѪҺŵòˣξͽӲǧУڻ˯ʹһӡ
βܲˣι̶ס
ǧ۵亹ð
ʵۼˣ֪ΪξЩۣʦһЩƺ۵ӡ
ε˵ʹֻʱģֻҪűá
ʵ۾˵һ䷴Ļ򴽣ֻա
ߵǧˮߣͬģǧˮҿٲӡ
ǧˮţԸйٸʹþһ亹ֱ
֪ʹͲˣͻȻúڡ
Ӳãξʹ߶ɲǣǧˮеѪҺУȻֽǧС
ѪҺϸǧ䣬ܿǧˮɫͱЩ԰ס
ʦû𣿡ǧˮһ䣬ȥԼͿˡ
صϾͺãµġ
ǧˮŰࡣ
Ҳ֪˶ãѪˣǧɫҲָ˺ɫɵǿǧˮھޣ·һͻ
֣Ӱε
ડһǧˮٴ۵ʧС
û˹ǵעȫǧϣǻʵۣ·ʱʱ̶̿ǧһ
ʦǧˣʵקŷεӣʵ
δѾֻҪϢһ¾ͺá
ʵ˲¶Ц⣬ǾͺãǾͺá
ǧˮڴϣ֪ΪξЩ
㻹ðɣǧһ䡣
ǧˮһʱƫƫһǧˮ򴽣ͷ΢Щӡ
һá
ԿѪɡǧݹȥһѪ
ǧˮɫӵؽӹлл
޷ǧڰ֣תˡ
ǧˮһڽѪ£ɲǣһůϯȫ˿Ҳˡ
򴽣һӵؿǧıӰ
ãû°ɣǧѩǧûˣߵԵһ䡣
ǧˮ˵ûˡ
ղţǧڸ˵Щʲôǧѩ̲סʵһ˫˸˿Ĺ



424 Ϊ˼ɫ

ǧˮڵû˵ʲôǸһѪѡ
ǧѩЦЦɫ񣬡ԭˡ
ǺǡǧˮЦһ㲻
ǶȥɣǧͺáһֱĬĻʵͻȻôһ䣬˲Ͱڳֶŵˡ
ȻҪǧ⣬ǶȤˣ
ǧѩҲЩֲףǧ⿴һۣ˺һ˳ȥǵǧһֱڼұ˼ôͻȻܵʹˣ
̫ˡ
ǧѩһߣǧҲͬһ߳ӡ
ǧ뵽ղŻʵ۶ǧ̬ȣüͷ
Σñ¶ǧ̬Щ֣ߵͤǧ̲סʵ
ЩԵ˵ԹŵǶ飬ǧΣʱ̾ͷȻЩоġ
ǰɡ
ǻʵۻϲǧ⣿
ǧ̿ˮջʵ۵䶼ǧ⸸ˣһˣ붼Щ¡
ȷʵԹŵǶ顭˼䣬㲻⣬ΣòýյͻϮ¼Щ֣
ʵΪ֣
ǧ°ͣһһʹ䱸ɭϣô࣬ڲκе½빬š
۾˼ǣȺڹ
˵䣬ѾصͤС
ǧſƮɢҩζ˵ͣ벻һˡ
˼Ƭ̣˫Ҳ̧̧˵Ҳûпܣֳڶ࣬ҪŪ嵽˭ڹֻѶĴ󡣡
ǧһݾߡ
εһͬ뵽С
ŵеܰζǧֿڵǲ鲻Ҫƾڰȥ𣿵ʱֻ¶Ҫǣű˰ɣ
ζϲԾ𣬵ǻа취ġ
ǧ룬ҲٴϹľᣬŤͷִ϶ѷźЩɫĿʽӦװɡ
ôôɫǧʵ
λصñġ
㣿ǧָָ˲Щ˼飬ƽﲻǴúɫôͻȻЩɫ
ǲƴ֣
ߵߣָӣǳ㲻˵ҴɫҲͦÿҾڼҲԴ˼
˵Щ·ΪصضƵģ
ǧͻȻĿʼģԽԽ졭
ԭˣ㴩ɫͦÿǧⲻ˫ҲЩġ
˫ִͣϵ㽫ȫҵ¼ϡ
Ŵɫġ
ҹ
ʵ۵޹
ǧһʱ㿴ʵ˫ֳͷ˯һԵϡ
˵ڼ䣬ʵá
ǧüһĨâ˼ִۣͷһ¯
¯ȼʲô
ǧ˫һУٴȡһҩ¯С
һ֮Ц𣬹ǳ
ʱ򣬻ʵͻȻЩҪףǧһ㶣æصɺãװһδӡ
ʵһʹĲӣһߵǧĴ̱ߣȴδ
ʦ˵ѾȫΪεڻδʵü̲סֹһ䡣
ǧֹһű㻺۾ˡ
һˣʵ̱ʵǧ⣬ˣ
ǧⱾЩԺʵ۵˲˼֣¡
Ҫվȴʵһѿ˴ϣӻţ¶˰ɡ
ǧЩܳôãỵ˹صġ
˵ԣͿԡʵһǿơ
ǧ򴽣Ųպյؿϡ
޵ľˣнţƽڼһͳɡʵ˵ţ֮ҲԵøͰ
ǧͷһֻССһ㣬̧ʪӣʵŮڼ䣬һֱڷտŮ𣿡
ǧñģ˿̣˫вζûʵԳ
޵ľˣȻҪտ㡣
ǧΪܳлº񰮡
ʵͻȻֿǧͷ˫Щ롣
ǧһֻȻһԵ¯ȥõĶƺЧˡ
£޹𣿡ǧ⳯ܿ˼ۣڰ׷˫С¹һʪԵøĶˡ
޵޹һ䣬ʵ㶡
޹ƽǲǽģɽȻŵǧⱧˡ
ǵһʧ̬
ʵ۽ǧ⣬˽ڵƻ֮£ýĶ



425 ΪͻȻ

ʵſˮǰôûĶˣһģеҪƯ
ôһƯ˶ǰЩôĶͷأ
ǧⱻЩëëģСӲ˲£ôˣ
һһϵСʵֻͷһȣʵܲˣֱסС
ǧ΢㶣Ҫ£ʲô
޻ĸġʵ˵ţ㽫뻳С
ʱǧеɫΪӣЩһĨɵȻס˻ʵۣҲеĹ
ܵǧ飬ʵѹڴ¡
ǧ˫ɻʵۺΪ
գǧڴ۷ſա
ߵһˣʱֻҪڻʵ۶˵ЩʲôܻصѧԺˡ
ʱʵˬ糯ƺҪ֮¡
ͤ
ǧ֪޹зʲô¶ֻ֪λ洩˼ɫҲڼͷر
ķμΪɫɲͣǧֱӺС࣡
ΪνճࣿοʵԳŵ
ǧͣڵ޷Щ΢һ㡣
ε㲻˵
ǧͷʵղȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷѾ֮´඼ûϵˡ
ԭˡǧӷ£Ҳһת˵⼸մ඼еģ
ε˵ͷǵġ
ǧüйһЩЦ⣬ǳе⼸գǽһɣɺã
Ҳ£κܿʹӦˣá
ǧеЦΪöĿȥѧԺЩ飬ܿͻ
ٴεͷ˵ʲôһ㡣
ģ̌߳ͤ
Ÿ˼Ϳīӭ
ʲô
ǧȹǰüӵ£羰أ
ģ˵Ȥ¡ī˫ֻأµؿǧЦů
أǧĺҲ˳ʲô飿
Ҷйص¡īա
ǧֵڴ䣬ɻʵǧ⣿ôˣ
ĶزŸոôţֲˣ
ҸҪΪīе²ȥŨ

ǧֹ˼䣬ٿ۾ϵıӣ˵ÿģ
ʵ۲ŸձֳһĵģôһҪˣЩ˼Ҳôɣ
Ȼġīϵı飬ܾ÷˼һ磬ʾڳҪǧΪ۷׷ףȴҲҶԣ¶Ҳôˡ
ôͻȻˣտǷʲôǧЩơ
īҡҡͷһֵ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʹ޹Ѿߣ˵޹̵ʱ򣬷еѪ
Ѫ
ǧøԺˣѲɣǧѪˣ
ǵģѪīգգ۾ͻȻЩѾ˵ѪӦɡ
죿
ǧɫ˲Щ֡Ǵ֮ѪǧӲŸոպã͸ʵǸˣ
ջʵ۵䶼ˣµȥ죿
ңī⣬ôתĿˣĵ
һ룬ǧī輸ۣ
ӴĿ⣬ī󷽷㶢ҿǾҺÿ
ǧһֻۣں棬ǧӦǶģôͻȻͬ㸸ʵѲ½ǧ˲Ͳϲˣ
ī΢㶡
СѾͷڼ˵ó
˵ӵ½ɽǧ㰮ĽٵŮȻϲġīæǱ⣬ϧڮǧ⡣
ǧЦ
īϸһǾòԾһǾòԾǧͻȻʹʵ̫ˣҵȥ
ֹһīַˡ
ǧסȴѾߵԶ
ıӰǧ̾ϢһֹǧΣյЩҲΡ
ջĿ⣬ѧԺ
ȫ֮ǧŻصͤ
·ͤʱǧַʯƷ裬Ʈҡ
ǧ߹ȥҸճȥ˵ʵҪǧΪˣ˵ٶȿ첻죿
Ѿɶˣ¡
νӸ£ǳʵãһ򶼳ּ죬ǵıԣֵߡ
ҾǧͻȻڻʹҲЩΡǧʹǽ䱸ɭôģ



426 ǧ

˵ֻҪģȻܽǧϴαͷúأԴоֻܳΪƷ빬Ϊ˵õĹޡ
ǧ΢⻰˵õҲǧģַЧġ
ֻǡ
ӣӦ벻ð취˭һָأ
˵Ҫȥ𣿡οȥ𣿡
ǧٻ񣬵ȥȻҪȥ
æһѾͽߣȥ󡣡
ʮߵ¥ҪݣỨѺܴһʽҡ
֪ʲôͷ࣬޷вֿкЩңӦǹġ
ǧüЩŵǲͽебﶼ
֣һǿ϶ǹˡ
ǧһΪš
ʱҹѾ˴
һʱտǧһۣŤͷΣʵ㶼Ѿѹˣ
ε㲻ڣҾҹȥˣȥ͹˵ϲĲá
ǧӦһ÷κϸġ
˵ӦҪβã̾Ϳʼˡ
дһȥ
صУνϵ¯ȼʮ㣬Ҫһ²ϡ
һ£ǧ˵ͦˡ
ζ˼ۣ㲻˵
ʱһ
ỽһ
ҹŶ룬ӣߵѾҪˡ
ǧһʱûӦ˭
ҹصǱ½²Ĺǧҵǧ⡣
ǧ㶣ôͳɹˣ
صøѾ߹Ҳ֪ʲôġ
Ѿǧüһһ䡣
ҹصͤ⣬δ
ͤϲ˽룬ǧѩҲŰݷ˺ЩӲŽǣһССѾֻ߱ˡ
ãȥ濴ǧߵ⣬һ۾ͿѾߡ
ǧǰʣʵߵѾߣ
Ѿַ߳ͨ˶ﶼᱻֵͣ΢΢ʦˣūߵѾߣСҶ
ǧû˼֪ʲôżɽʵν£
СҶͳһʦˣǹ˵Ҫȥ԰ͻ
ͻ
ǧ۾ǧĹϵͲãһͬȥͻ涨ȻʲôŹ֡
֪ˡǧȥɣһȥġ
СҶӦһת뿪ˡ
ǧ뿪ıӰüͷ΢΢Ҫǧڸʲô
صʵȥʲô
ǧϵͳλһͬȥͻ˼ǹ־ܾãֻܴӦˡ
γϿһۣСһЩ
ڹԼǧ˼һЦһġ
ա
ǧϵʱ䣬΢һ԰ȥ
ʱڣ԰ǰٻš
Ÿһ߽һ
ǧǰԶͿͤмӰ
λﻹ˺ܶˡ
üӿ˽Ų
ǧϣܱ߻Ѿ߸ȷ磬мѾ߽ѰƤݵУһ̧㿴ǧˣӴ˰ЩѰλ¡
ǧ£̧һۣմþ£Ҳһ˵ķ٣̽ӣӳչʱԵý󲻷
ӿǴˣǧһʣͷʱǧѩǧˮڡ
ǧüľۻˣ
иѾˡǧ˵ţ֧ӣϵıë̺ҲŻ䡣
ǧЦЦˣǾ̫ˡ
ǧӹѾߵĲ豭ƷһڣɲǣȾСΪ켸֡
ǧɫֳһֽۣյƺЩд˼ɬɽȴȫ˿
ջʵ۰ò
ˮǧ⽫豭ϣǸϲӣҲǱΪĵһ죬нһԳˡ
ǧѩһȡáԣҪˣŮΪ׼һΪ
񡣡ǧЩģֻǽüˣԽƵĺá
ǧѩЦЦͽд򿪣һŵͽ׵յƷڰʮϡ
յǧ⾪һ
ǧѩЦԼգҾͽöյ͸á



427 ϹԲ̽

ǧִյЩˣл㡣
һӶûõյֻ˸СС˽յţֱǼõġ
ϲͺáǧѩЦЦ
㣬ͷҲûʲô԰ɵӹ͸ɡǧˮȡһӹ
ǧһۣȱȱлã͸ϰɡ
ǧˮ֪Լ͵öϲ𴽰꣬ɫҲЩѿ
ͻҪ
ǧǿ˼ۣ͵ͷҲûʲôֵǮҪǷţպͣ
ǧ˵ãһתͷ㿴ϵİӡ
ƯӣϵƷеϵƷ
ϵ֧ʵƯǧ۲תʱЦˣûͽ֧͸ɡ
ǧЩ䵭
Ҵӵ⣿
ܸΨ֧Ӿܸ
֧治ܸǧüֱӾܾˡ
ǧԣɫüΪѿȻҾܾˣ
Ϊβܸһ䡣
ǧϵӣɫҼҷҵǸˣҼҷǻ
˵ǧѾǹʦˡ
ӲҪ˵ĻﻹҪ󣬱ϾʦݰǶʵ۶Ҫü֣˵һСС
ǧۣһЦƣҸղŶ˵ʲôԭǴʦõĶҪʵڲϹء
ǧ£ܿס֧ӣӦ֪Ѿǧ˹ϵƺǲЩã
ǧЦǧʮ꣬㲻׽ãҲЩ飬ƺҲ
ǧɰͰһЦ㲻ٳƺϹᡣ
û뵽ʦӡǧѩͻȻڣЩģ֧ʵƯҲ̲סҪĶˡ
ǧлޡ
ǧǧѩЦЦͲ˵ˡ
ʵһ¡ǧŲյͻȻ˵
£
ǧͻȻ۾
ûʲô£ǧѩЩ档
ǧѩȥٿЦſڵʵҲͬйء
ңǧѩ¸Ӻˡ
ǧЦŵͷǰղűͬ˵ҪҪϹԲ̣ϾⶫΪҪ´ֲܿٷǱЩġ
ܿϹԲ̡
Ȿǧѩеһʹ±ôѪܵĽ¶ǧѩҧƺЩɫ
ô˵𣿡
ǧȻȻһССĸһѱµ˼
ǧѩ򴽣ʶָսԣµ˼ԼϹԲ𣿡
ǧٴεͷǵģ²˼ͬ˵ͬ˵˵ҲģֻҪܿϹԲ̣ȻὫԲ̸㡣
ǧѩҧвʣˣԲ̲ϣȡͽ㣬ɺã
Ȼԡǧⴽ˹֮ƺı˲١
ǧѩۣȴûнͷŭɫֳ
ˣҪ˵Ѿ˵꣬ǿԾԺ˳԰еĻ䣬ǧָָϵͲˮʾǳš
ǧûʲôֻȤؿǧ⡣
ΪԼˢ뾹ǧѩ鷳ܿϹԲǧѩĽɣ˵
ǧŲյ˵ľۻûʲôϵˣǧĿֻϹԲ̣
Ƭ̣ɲи
ˣҷźͱ˵ѧԺ¶ѾͬػѧԺˡǧ⽫յ£˵һ䡣
ǧѩǧˮһ㶡
ǧѩȷӦˣǾ͹ϲˣ׺֪ܻصѧԺἫΪġ
ǧüЦζԣǽüʱѧԺˡ
ǧѩЦͣǰʱˣá
ԭǲٽѧԺģǱңҽȥˡǧתͷĿͶǧϣҾҪˣʱ˿ϰңʵڽĺ
ǧЦ
ʦ
ǲΣ
ɫݣǧҧֵ±ܽѧԺֻЩ˵̾Ҫգǰɣʦˣ
ĳƺˣǧҲ۾˲˵Щģֻǹʱȷ˼治£ʹҲûʲôԡ
ǧؿʦˣ治ô˵
ʱûҲ˶ġǧüͼӴ׵
ǧĿЩۡ
ҼҷЩȥʱЩˡǧ˵ţͿվ



428 źܺÿ

ǧֵҾˣԺʲôۻͱˣҲǧˣ˵ʲôĻЩҡ
䣬ת뿪˵Ļᶼûиǧ⡣
뿪ıӰǧý豭ҵϡ
һԵѾ߱ŵòպգһ˵ϡ
ˣΪ޸ʦʱˣǧŭȡ
ǧѩһۣҲûʲô˼˵ˣã뵽Щ飬뿪ˡ
㣬ҲúʹһˡǧˮҲվǧѩһͬ뿪
һ˲԰ֻʣǧһˡ
ɫһѽϵĶϣˣһȺˡ
ʱǧѾصͤˣ֪λ﷢˺ôĻ
ص£·ֻطﰲ
֨߹һŶ룬һϯƮȻ
Ѿˣʡ
ǧֵ̯̯ûʲôģȻˡ
硣һ۸ˣ
ǧգգ۾б۸ң
ϸϸ˼ֲۣûʲô֮Ű
ÿ£ʵЩʲô
ǧڵ˫һ𣬡԰ѣˣ˵ºҪͬǧѩҪϹԲ̣¶֪𣿡
ҡҡͷ֪
֪飬ǧ°͵˵Ҳ֣ôö˶ҪϹԲˣûʱҲûô£һ鷴ˡ
δƺ˼ʲô
ǧʵ뵽ʲôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵üΪޣֻ뱣ϹԲ̶ѡ
Ҳпܡǧüֹһ䣬ЩҲ̫ɺˡ
βһ˵ʲôӡ
ǧ򴽣Ҳʧ£һЩԵĻ⣬ʱǧ˵ҪȡϹԲ̵ʱǧѩˣʵЩЦ
۾ӣüĿ͡
ǧ⾹Ҵӵ⣬˵ǲ̫󣿡ǧһ뵽ղŵ飬˫һݡ
ʵ֧ӣ
ǣӡǧÿɲǣԲӾͳڷǰ
ο֧ӣָȥҼҴӣԵݵô⡣
˵ʱǧ·͸ıŭ
㶣ɴʦҲ
Ƿʲôһ㣬ǧµղǲˣ뿴̫ѵá
΢㶣ղ
ָһ֪ΪҪȾָӣľЩֻ֧ǧ˽ûʸ
ǧĦӣֵʵ㽫洫֮ĺ費Ҫҽ㣿
뽫ӻ
ָۣҲŽռ֣ţ͵Ķûͻĵ
ⷬƺЩԵ
ǧ벻㵭֮˻˵Ļһʱ侹Щ
֧ӴˡĦӵͬʱһСĻϵļÿһֱŲ𣿡
ܵĴǧʶӡ
ãҴźÿ
꣬ɫȻȴΪҲˣźܺÿ֧Ӻʺ㣬Ż֪𣿡
ǧ۾գôоһ
ǧϵİӣŻôһ˵滹ˡ
ҪôŰɣ
ǧֶӿ˼ۣʵҲЩ᲻û
Ȼ˵ҾͰĴˡǧӷתֿ㲻˵һû֣Ҿʹ˼գĺӨ˲١
ʮˣúȻкôǳֽ¸ס֧ӡ
ǧů⣬̲סֳ˼ۣûٸ
ڤˮβݵЧܺãҺºʱסˣûٸ¶ɫڿʱɫζ
ǧ˿ûͺá
ο
ǧĿͶ𴦣ܾñôţ淢š
νĿջأͻȻվҽյõһҪҪȥ
ģ̌ӳеǰѩʲô𣿡
ͦ˼ġѵȴɺ
ǧҲվãȥ
ŶһӰ
ǧȹڸĽŲ
ν鷿鷿ȫζīֽһӦȫǽҲŲɽˮϵҲüΪï
ǧ¿˼ۣûʲôö
ν򿪣ȡһŰɫֽ



429 ½ʹҪ

ǧǰİֽ
һŰֽҲö
ǧ΢򴽰꣬ɰͰЦԲʵƲŰֽʲôر֮
֪ˣǳ˵ûϵħŰֽ
ûգ
ֽˣ
ûգջ˿ô죿ǧʼûж֡
εһŰֽջҲ⡣
˵ġ˵ǧüһֱϵħ
ĻȣɶŰֽûаãôʱŰֽ
ǧ泷ˣȵصɴӣʲôֽΪղ
νִֽ𣬼ͷȾ̫Ĺ󣬾Өѩֽܾ̽궼滭ܽϵ˻ı
ǧ΢΢Ŵ͡
ֽţҲֻС
𣿡ǧ̾һǸõôģ
γϴȸɭַһֲȡƳֽ̽
ǧգգ۾Ȼֲܴȡ
ֻһ𣿡һ䡣
εǵģֻһŶѣһҲˡ
һž͹
ҪֽԶĻʲôأ
ǧֲסеĺ棬ʵȻֽһţдʱýֽϻЩʲôأ

νǧһֱۣ·еĴӦҪ֮ɵĿջأǳ֪һδ뵽
ûõĴ𰸣ǧЩȱȱζȻ벻ǾѾú룬ֽҲЩɡ
εղһ˲ҪѿڶĻȴӲȥ
ֽ̽źá
ǧŲϺϵĳ룬Щ㱣ܾµĶԶ
ôˣʡ
ǧѸٻҡҡͷûʲô
ôоͬδһпԽԽˣҲԽԽˣѲԷΡ
ǧԼ뷨һС˼ٺ˼롣
ͷģȥɣЩʲô
ģ̌չףҳʲôԣͤʳﶼɺóԡ
ϣѬůͶ£ڴгԷ
γеʳٿ¿ӵգ½ʹҪȸ½
ʹҪ
Ѳ׵ģ
Ӿﶼݵġ
ǧͣʵȸ½ʲôҪ𣿡
εϸϸµΣգڰҲڲ½½ʧأȻҪҸһԸڰᡣ
ԭˡǧ۾ȸ½ĸ½Ϊģ½СҪȻǿġ
㵹ǿͨ͸
ǧǿЦҼҷ˾ĴʦҵȻˡ
ΣЩģʹ»ϯһͬǰȥ
ǹ硭
ܲȥ𣿡ǧһȥˣֵÿǼŲ뿴
ʧЦ͵ȥɢɢģɺã
ǧΪѣúŵͷðɣȥȥඣ˳½ʱģ
ǳ½˴ֿӦǲÿġ
ǧͣһʱЩȻ
ʦһ˵ѿĺ
ôˣνһȼеУԲˡ
ǧɸЦûʲôҲԡ
ڶ죬½ʹˣϣʵڹдϯ
νϵİ£һ¡
ǧֵؿôˣ
££½󣬿˵ϯ˶ӣҲϲ˿Ҵµģ㿴͹ˡ

͹ˣ
仰ʲô˼
ǧͣȴǸݲȵģ·ղЩ˵һ
Сܣ
ǧ򴽣æǽеѹ£ȷôϲһ㡭
΢䣬ͻȻִУ߰ɡ
ͻǧһ㶣뽫ֳߣȴַεôѲ
ǧ򴽣ֻˡ
ʹߵµУߵµܵǽҲ̽ɣһԻĵյ貵ƻ漴͸
ǧͷʱѾ˺Щݵˡ
ǧڻʵֱߣʱʱΪƣҲһЦݣ㿴úʹʦˣμỹǣ֡
ʵĿͶȥһ˶üͷš
ʦҲŮԻˣ
Ů治֪ܡʵߣȫƵǧϡ



430 Ѳ׵

ǧ⹴Ц𣬹һʵ˱ƣܺʹʦҲףǲǡ
һʵ۵ɫѿ
һŮǰתѾļޣףܡ
ɫѿǧü֪ʿɶֹˡ
ǧȴ֪ʵּǺˣʣ
ǡָָǱߡ
ǧ˳ָĵطȥǸλڻʵ۵ֱ£ǸҰѵĺλãҲֻݵ˲
Ҳմˡ
ÿ¡
ǧϳʳö࣬治ǻʹ
ǶˣȳšͻȻڣڵƻµĽë
ǧЩˡ
οĿ͡
ϵĻʵۼǧ³̲סüͷ
ŮŮԷҲûҹӡ
ڻʵ۶ʱһ̫ܵʵԣ£½ʹѾߵµˡ
ǽʵۻ䣬һк
̫බŷɤӼϸ½ʹ
һ䣬һҽŲӵ
ǧ¾ƱҲһŲʹֹһ
˼ʱһһ͵Ӱڴ⡣
ܿ죬Ӱͽ˴ڡ
ģ̌ȥкһζ
˵һ㣬½˴ߴʱϾźô£ϻһԴʱ졣
߽ǧŷʹһһŮʹСɫԿȥûӢŮʹɴ棬ϵĺôǳɫģ仹ż´Сһ·Ͷ𣬷ࡣ
ǧüͻȻŮʹüΪ£ϵÿһֵǣһԵʹҲݺܲ򵥡
վڴ룬ʹַǰֵϥصμ¡
Ůʹ΢΢δ¹򣬡μȸ½ı¡
ʵۼˣвЩǺˣΪβ¹򣿡
£λ½ѹʹ΢΢̧͵ͬǰɼ½ĳġ
ʵϿ˼ۣȥɴ棬Ʋݣԭѹղ޵ĻȷЩͻˡ
ѿڣɤݺ䣬޷û˵
תˮӨ͸ġ
ѹԶͿЩ°ɡʵֱָָߵλѹǵһȸ½ҪúƷһʳ
Цŵͷÿ¡
ʵ۲ĿͶʹϣѹλ㻹ûнܰɣ
վ𣬸˸½Ĵ󽫾ľ
ԭǴ󽫾ҲЩ°ɡʵһת½ĽЩݵˣɫɱ˼֡
ǧλʹѾ£ɽĿջء
Σ˵ˣ᲻׵ģǧѹ̲ס˵һ䡣
νĻڶصʱʲôſȥ֪ˡ
ʱʵͻȻִƱѹľ󽫾ԶȾһ
£̫ˡЦţͽƱִ
ľҲǺˬһͷͽˮ˸ɾ
ʵۼˣЦ½˺ˬһˡ
½ˣ¿ɱǴ³ɴ¿ԿƬСһһϵڶ
ôᣬϲıֺˬˡʵ˵ſ
ˮȵһ룬ͻȻ¾Ʊ֪˵⡣
㿪żɽ˵ʵҲװƣֻø¾ƱΪ˺ڰ°ɣ
ǵı£ڰһֱΪ񣬲ð½Ľֵô½Ļ̡̻
ʵ۷һ䣬ڰһֱˡ
˵ȸ½Ҳһֱڰɧš΢٣ֵ㣬½֣ʱڰٸҲǰǰˡ
ʵ°ͣƺ˼ֵĿԡ
Ƭ̣ʵſڵѹҲ֪ȸ½ȸ½ڴ½֮ףдʦ򣬾ڰϮΣǻˣ
򴽣ĿͶϡ
ֻһۣ㾪Ϊˡ
Ŵʦκ˫һ֪ŲţЩˡ
֪ʦǳɺڰʵڽƻһ½ǸãֽĿͶʵϡ
ʵ۴΢ֵǸ֣ܴеõʲôֻڱֵ֮Σ



431 ӰߵӰ

ƺ֪ʵۻ˵ѲȣЦ˵£ҲпǣǴųģ½ܽؽ֮ãҲڡ
ؽ֮ãʵۣ˼ǣ
ˮζԸ޸£ֻ´Ӧͬ֡
ʵ΢١
½Ҳδһ£дʦºڰ᣿
һѵõһλֻλĳ಻֪Ρ
֪ʵ۵뷨֣ɴȡ¡
ɴƮ˲䣬һžձ¶ڿС
½ķɫ඼СɫλķɫҲˣɾ޷˫յľº;
͸һӿҰͱţּΪջ˵ϢƮɢ
ʵۼɴ˶ҲŶ˶ѹ˫Ҫú룬𸴡
ѵͷǵģ¹ش󣬱µȷӦúú롣
ʵۼȣ̲סֶ˼֡
ǧʵ۵ĿⲻԼˣ̸ʢ뼦£Ǵ󲹵ĵĶҪȺȡ
ʵע⵽ǧ⣬һ
ǧλһۣѹ׵ģλҲǸݽɫˣȻ۾գһ¡
мһЩˣʹصأĪҪʱۣСıȥ
ǧüǳ֪ˡ
ŤͷַΪһŮӼвˣһ㶣ʵ֪ʦԵŮ˭
½ʦε¼Ҳ˾֪һλﾹȻһŮӼвˣʵڽ˾Ȳѡ
̧ĽëںŨܣҵķˡ
һȣʦȻˣ֪λĸϵС㣿
ǧſӵһ٣ĸϵСأ
ǧң
ϵˣ⹫⣬һʱʳôεġ
ѹǧҵáǧѩٿڣ񣬡˵ѪԵףҲǺǧиġ
һϵ˽ꡣ
죡
̫ˣǧǧҵĺӣ˭ģ
Χ˶궯æŴǣ¶һı飬Բǲǲöʵģ
ǧѩ˵ȴǧˣҲʲôܣ˵Ҳ޷
η䣬ϵR˲ɢ
˵׷ȥҲ˵ˡ
ҲεһתƻӦʥŮǧѩɣ
ǧѩ󣬵ͷǵģҾǧѩ
Ź֣һ治ͬ죬ÿƯֱԲ䣬ܿͲǧѩĺøС
ЦЦ˵ѹ˵˵ҿ첻˼ˡ
ЦˬʣҲֻʵʵ˵ѡ
˵һֹͣ˵ʼźϵĶ
ۣʱʱ̧ǧѩһĹ⻮
ǧĿ⿴۵ף治򵥡
һ㶫ǧ˳ʵ۵°ڣ£Щƣܲȥͷ͸͸
ʵۼ˫պ˵ģ̲סһѵǾƣȥ͸͸ɣǵЩ
ǧӦһȹڴӺ˳ȥ
ǧһ̧Ϳ뿪ıӰȹƺͦġ
ˣǧ˫Ҳ̽ɫ
żȥʲôأ
ΣЩƣܲȥͷתתᳶε°ڣʵ
֪вסܹؾѾܺˣ̵ȥɣסҪԶصĪҪ
ǧӦһ֪ˡ
䣬ȹ뿪
ߵɽӰǱߣǧӰ˵ҲŴ
ϹԲѾķԸŪˣ㻹ҪΣ
һŮϤ
ǡǧ⡣
ǧšüͷղ˵ʲôϹԲ̣ѲɻʵҪϹԲ̲ɺϣһֲ߻ģ
ôΪ˭£
ҪŪѪһѹ͵
ǧüͷٴνǧΪ˰£
סĶ㵽һԵļɽߣ⿴ȥȴľӰͶ£ҡҡҷҷģ˿Ǻģ
Ѫǧɻ󣬡˭Ѫ
㿿һЩ˳ǧ⹴ָͷ¹ƫʱٿϡ
ǧŴ۾Ҫ˵ĳ࣬ȴߣʲôƲ
ҧ¶һĨɫ
ʱ˿ǧߵ
ʵ̫ˣǧ˵ʲô
˵֮뿪ǧϣǧ˴ԭأ˺һźΪҪѪѪʲôر֮𣿡



432 ǿס

Ҫȡȡк;㲻ضʡЩͷĿڣ»˫ˮ
ǧ˫۾
һ˫ֺÿӣµչҲʧ
ãգ֮ұ㽫ѪȡǧⲻˣֻôӦ
ٴοڣãҵĺϢ
ǧⶢǰˣɫӣҶõġ
ǧֻ˵ʲôȡѪȡ˭Ѫ
򴽣Ǹ˶˶š
һ㶣æס㵽ɽ棬ŬԼ֡
ѰһȦ޹صԭء
ôˣǧЩʵ
о͵˰ɡ˿ǧ⣬ֵԻȥˣǹ˫۾ڶ㣬ǱƼֻ»ܲ
ǧæȹ뿪
˿뿪ıӰٿֽĿͶɽǱߡ
ܵĿ⣬ǧŵüֱˡ
ѲɣǱˣ
˿һͽĿջأߡܿӰ߾û˵Ӱĵķ·δһ㡣
ǧӼɽ˼ĿźӰߡǧڻʹвǴɣڰ
أΪ£˭ƲС
ǧָ⣬뵽Լܾˣתȥ
ȥʱߵµڱݸ衣
輧Ǵñ¶ϵŤϸ֫ټӣ
ߵľƲ˿ɺθڣʵۿѣʵ
ʵʣ̿ڻص£ȸ½ߵľƲǺóԣδԹġ
ʵЦóԾͶһЩ
ѵͷӦˡ
ǧʵλ̲ס˴ǣƺЩˡ
£𻨸ζҲһЩɡǧһ𻨸ڻʵУͼע⡣
ʵע⵽ǧ⣬һѣϸġ
ǧ⽿һЦġ
ѿ˵ĻһĹλƺʥŮĶء
ܿˡ
ǺһЩӵ뿪ҲҪߵʱ򣬻ʵͻȻסˣʦ㵽޵鷿һ¡
䣬ʵ۾Ȼص鷿С
νŲ£ǧͷţҪȥµ鷿Ȼȥɡ
ǧã֪ˡ
û֣ƺЩ֣һ
ǧͷһ۲Ҳζãҵ
뿪
ıӰǧҲ߳
鷿УʵվλõȺεĵ
һʵ۾Ϳڵʦɡ
֨߹һŶ롣
Źϣ߽½Ϊ½֮𣿡
ʵ¶ЦݣʦǶ޵ģ޻δ˵ʦѾµˡ
վһ࣬δ˵
ʵۿŪĴָϵָʵղѹ飬ʦΪΣ
鷿е𱻷紵ҡҷ˲Ⱦӡڷϡ
վڹ֮У΢ѹȷʵУ½ֶҲǰǰĿֻ򵥡
ʵ΢٣ʦ˼ǣ
βӣڵ˫һݣ½ƻб˼ֻ»ǲ
ʵͷһŭһСС½뷭첻ɣ
򴽲
ʵۿ̲סʵʦûҪ½𣿡
Ϊ֣ʱܵõһˣ˼£ȴǾбĿġ
ȸ½ģĨɱ
ۣĹƮ裬ǿȴӦǣסǣʱڰһ£ʲôҲþ
ʵ۵𣬡ãʦ޵ұۡ
β
ʵֵͰʦ˵
ε£ʲô𣿡
ʵҡҡͷûˡ
ο𣬽ëҾȻȥˡ
ʵۿ뿪ıӰͻȻסֵʦǸǧˣ
νŲ£΢΢Һܺá
ǹϵ˵ʵЩζ򴽣Щ˵Щ޻ǵøʦڲ֪ǧǺ֮ǰЩ黹ǲҪͬ˵й¶˻ܡ
šüɫЩѿЩҶס
ʦ׾ͳɡʵ۰ڰ֣һϵûˣʦȻȥ
εתߡ
뿪ʵתͷȥǧ޹
ɫȻϰϰ
κܿصͤС
ƿŽ룬һ۾Ϳſ˯ǧ



433 ԶЩ֪

̵Ľëֻĵһ
û˯ڴϣǲڵȴʱ˯أ
һ룬ͷǻһĨů⣬Ͽ˼ۣȾ˫վӨ͸Ưǳ
߽ǲ뽫ѡ
ʱǧͣһȻ˯øˡ
ν˿̵ӺÿɰЩġ
ţ̲סḧ֮δξ뽫ϡ
ᱧڻеʱǧٴһŻ
Ÿһ۾Ϳ˷ε°ͣ۵ӡ
ǧ°Ϳһ̧ʱͶ˫ʯӣ۾ϸŴΣ˰
εӺĿ⽻һ
ǧһٿֹһ䣬
Щˣͬ˵˺ЩأˣΪβ˯£
ǧüһ㲻ǽҵ𣿡
һ㶣ʱЩǸҲ֪
ǧִͷϸϸŵ½ȥ鷿ǲ̸½飿
οβ
ǧüǲ˵Բ˵
νڴϣҲ˲ɢͷϣ½ȥȷں̸۹½飬ҪҪֵ顣
ɢı㣬ǧЩ۾ô˵ģ
βĿһţ˵½гĶȻģԵ˼Ǿֻסᡣ
ǧգգ۾˵Ҳ½Ǹ⣿
òε˵ţٿۣ˵Ҳǹ⣿
ǧ۾һƳͿ¶ľǣ̿ˮָֻоȻԶ͸۾ƺܿһЩأбʲôĿġ
֣ǰ鷢½թҲǲܣñסΪľ̽ǵʵ
ǧ󣬴һǻʼһܰɣ㶼˵ˣͲȥͨ籨ţ
ο䡣
ǧüЦøӲãҿǱ϶Ů಻ǧҵĺӣݲпǺڰļϸ㶼˵𣿡
֪㲻ǡۣٿֽ𣬵ԺҪ˵Լ
ܵ˫ϵУǧһ㶣ع㱻ȺͷνӴˣ
ý
ܸܵϢȵģű
һ̧۵׵䣬һ޾УͷǱŵĶ
գգ۾һʱ䱻ŵ˵
ĺý
ˣҸղųȥɢǧһ̸ǧΣܿת˻⡣
ӣ
üʵô£
ǧҡҡͷ˴һߣƲʵģҾӦǸǧΪ¶
νֵڴ䣬ƺ˼ʲô
ǧֵһϹԲ̺Ҳ˽ǧŪģ;ƺ㣬ҪʲôѪ
ѪϹԲʲôϵ
ѲɣҪǧѩѪϹԲ̣
ǧȻɴ۾ҲһƬͨ͸˵ҪǲǧѩѪϹԲ̱ҪǧѩѪܿѲ뿪Բ̣
ؿǧ˫纣·ۼһĨ˿⡣
˵ǧۣ²ţǧΪڰ£
ۣһԺ󣬾ǧԶһЩ֪𣿡
ôˣǧüһգҲ𣿡
ͷ
ǧЦں޷ֲǲ֪ǧˣΪбң
ԶһЩ֪𣿡ǰ״ӳƺԵøΪ

ǧס
δһɽʲôƺ޷ӽЩľ
ǧָ⣬˻ſڵ֪ˣһǧԶԶġ
еɫȥ
򴽣ͻȻʶղŵԴƺЩæƿղûŵɣ
ǧһۣӲûбס㷽ŵֲ¡
μɫ糣㲻˵ˡ
ǧһۣˣ˯
εһ˦ͽϵϨ
˲䣬ǧǰһڣȫӦ˹΢΢ӣǽ˯
ٱŷεͶ֡



434 ȥ

ա
ǧ˯Ժģ뷭˯ȴֵһӲůУһ㶣֡ৡһ½۾ˡ
ĿŷεĻ棬ұúýЩ
ǧ򴽣ȫ¶ˡ
ǵǿǽ˯ģΪľǱٱŷΣȴû뵽˯˯ֽסˣѲɣԷε飿
뵽˴ǧֱӶһ¡
̿ˮŽԼצŲ
ΪβѣɵɹצŲʱһ˫ī
죬ֱץ
ǧ򴽣ϲɳһĨ糺ɫ
֣̲סḧ硣
ǧͷһ硭
££½󣬾ûһӴ
ǧıӰڱû
ϴ֮ۻҪȥã½ʹЩӦæ
ǧգգ۾鶯˫ڰ׷ЩȥɣһҲȥѧԺˡ
οۣŷ뿪
һߣǧŴӱ˳ϴ֮ȥ˺ѧԺ
δߵСľݣͿɴɴ˹ǧҵˡ
ǧЩɻ󣬡ʲô
ɴɴһͷЦɣ𣿡
ǧǳЦȻǳɵġ
ɴɴЦ˫־һ𲻶Ͻţ򴽣ҲЩʲôһ
£
ǧۣ촽ɴɴңô򵥰ɣ˵к£Ȼǲġ
ɴɴһͼˣܿѿڶҽȷǧһҪҡ
ǧ̲סü£
ɴɴ˶ָͷһŵϣҲСĽˣΪұһۺϣ˳ԳԷ
ǧգգ۾ⲻͦãѲɣûӦԷ
ɴɴæӦˡ
ʲôýŵģǧЦؿȻӦԷͱʾǸˣ˿Ұæʲô
ɴɴ죬һĨɫΪӦˣҲžú£Ϊ壬ųʱΪˣϵ̾һ˵Ƿۺϵʱ᲻Ҳ˳ۣɱ
ɪɪģǧøЦ˼Ǵ󽫾֪ģϹġ
ɴɴ˫һǺ£ǧһͬȥɡ
ǧüԣҪҵ¶һ
ɴɴæͷû𲻴Ӧ
Ǿ֮ͣһѵľƲ˿ԳԣǧһתЦŴӦ򵥵Ҫûɾܾ
ɴɴЦøΪãԼʱʱˣȥȸߡ
ǧ
ȸǱǺӣˮ峺ףżлɴʱۼʱиת
ǧǰЩҲǺӣȴûϸϸһɾ㡣
ɴɴ˼ۣſڵδȥ
ǧȥɣ㡣
ɴɴЦܹȥ⻭ˡ
ǧվڴ£ʱʱмһǰͷٿӱ߶
佫ߣߡǧ֡
һ㶣ȫû뵽ǧסǹʦˣӣ
ֻôɻߵǧǰʦˣк£
ͬɴɴһġǧǳ͵¾⻭佫վһͬ
ղһֱŵЩ䣬ʦһҲϻ
ǧǵġ
һƺ⿪ʲôĽᣬǾͺá
ǧϵİ̺ۣʵΪ˵
һ㶣ҡҡͷûʲô
ղֻڵĺɴɴڻУйŮЩãǧˣʲôⶼܽ
佫㿴ɴɴˡǧָָǰ档
һ濴ɴɴ߹
һϮۻɫɴȹഺл
˼ۺ󣬱㽫Ŀջˡ
ǧѾûˣһҡɴɴһָѾˣһ㶣еЦʱȥҲЩ֡
罫Ѿ˰
Ĳ۾
ɴɴɫһ䣬ΪˣϾԼ壡
ָ⣬еĿ־ɫЩǸھͽɡ
䣬ɴɴתߣй׷һ



435 гȥץ

ıӰԽĪô£
ܿ죬˾ͽ뵽˻С
ĻȴΪɴƮʱ˵Уڻ䡣
Ĳú£мλкľƳɵΣܱ߻ڷһЩɫԣλһ˿ЪϢƬ̡
ɴɴˣЦôĻɣ
ǧͦĲ֪ܽ
Ȼɴɴ⣬ҿҴС㣬еġ
һϮվڴߣŤͷĦ˲ɴɴ˼
ɴɴЩ֡
군Ĵˡ
ɴɴ͵شͷ˶ָͷѾ⻭׼˾Ʋˣˡ
һĪ
ö˶˵ģô¶һֱ飿
ǰͦŵİɡ
ǧ˵ĻŵɴɴһˣͦȤġ
ܿ죬˾
ɴɴŪſӣִƱǶԲ𣬾ȻˣԷһ
δ˵
ɴɴһͷͽˮ˶ǣٷԺ֮ˣ㻹ҵĻģҰһһģһΣ
ۣһоۼ
ǧüı仯Уˣ
㵹˵仰ɴɴ죬ƺڣҲ˼֡
ǣɫøѿС㣬ϣףöҵΨһýҾ򵽵ģҲһٷܵġ
磬ֻöи룬Ψһûˡ
򴽣ɫӵؿɴɴ
Ҫɴɴҧ۾졣
һʱû˵
ɴɴеľɫ˼֡
ô죿
ɱԼɣ
ɴɴǧֻˡ
ǧӴĿ⣬֪ЩʲôǧĿ佫ɴɴѾĵǸˣͲԭ𣿡
뵽ǿ֧壬еŨҵΨһ˵ԭ¾ԭµģ
佫˼ǣǧüʡ
û˵ָȴǽסɫҲ
ʱۼý޷
˹ִǧҲ۾佫ɴɴѾ˵ҪǸˣ˲٣ΪξͲԭأ
һٷߣϵİ̺۶Եޱȣҵ˵ЩһĲֵ
ǧû˵
ɴɴҧ촽оԼǱˡ
İվͬһֻСޣ㵽ҪΣҶô취ˣΪλƣ
򴽲
㵽ҪΣɴɴҧгݣеľѲڡ
ŭСٿ»ǺеѩѾǸ͸ץ
գеĻ϶ᱻ
ɴɴζһŭٴйǿѣ붳𣿡
࣬޳ģٷҾͲˣ¸ǡ
վסɴɴɤӴһ㵱Ҫˣ㵱ҪС
½Ųȴһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧ򴽣ܾЩСˣһ˾С
ԭվһ̧Ҫ뿪
ɴɴҧ̽סһ£ȥץ𣿱Сץ㿴
˵ţߣӡ
ǧһòԾסɴɴ㲻Ҫ嶯˵ǱϵħʦǺʵں䣬ܲסġ
ɴɴһѵ˵ҶףɽһҪҵĳ⣡
Ҫȥץˡ
Ҳִֵԭء
ɴɴȹҲϵסһ֣֮Ƶس˼ۣţھȥץ㣡
ǧ֪סȥˡ
ɴɴߵװϣļĺ̿ˮ
źӿӡ
ɴɴһ뵽Ǹͱ˵ģֲĸо
ҧֱһļĺС
ǧߵװϣҪСһЩȴѾȥˡ
ˮףܿûӰ
ǧˮ治ðˮݣ۵һƬɫˣ˼һСˮоΪ˰ץ㡣



436 ܿ

ź棬һ仰Ҳû˵
ǧĿ䵭ɴɴץ㣬ԭ𣿡
΢㶣ѡԭ
򴽣һ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧüһ壬ִȳʱķλƺ«
ڼװ϶ŵʱˮ̴һ
ҵСȳˣۡ


ɴɴˮڣʱ˼ںˮģЩˣо˶Ԩ

̿ףɴɴڲҲΪʹࡣ
ǧȻɴ۾ãɴɴˮˣҪȥȡ
䣬ߣӾȥʱ򡭡
ͨһ˽ȥܿǱˮ¡
ǧѾȥˣ˼װûж
Ǵ󽫾Ȼܽɴɴ
ܿ죬ͱŻʪɴɴˡ
ɴɴţɫ԰ס
ȴһ㷴ӦҲûУһɴɴĺһЩ΢ĺ
ǾȲѵĻֻ»Σգ
򴽣һϳһЩɫУɾǲ
ǧӸµضǣ侲ÿһ£һа취ܽɴɴѡ
֪ǧЩ£˵Ҳûֱվߵһߡ
ǧӣǰķϼѹɴɴؿڣû˼һںˮʹ³
ȿȡɴɴֿ˼ŻأǧղˣһΪԼ
ǧĺ󱳣ڣ㲻ġ
ɴɴ۾ģһʱݺݵۡ
ţһ仰Ҳδ˵
ʱһ紵ɴɴһӡ
ǧı仯㿪ʵȽůһ㣬վ𣿡
ԡɴɴվȴ͵ˤ˵ϡ
ۡɴɴСȣɫҰֽ
ǧ΢㶣ôˣ
ˡɴɴҧѵؿ˵š
С𣿡ǧḧСȵλãʵ
ɴɴ۵һӣۡ
㿴ǧ뽫С̧𣬿һʹ󺰴ģȥۡ
ǧûһʱҲ֪ˡ
ʵȥӿٽɴɴС̧𣬡ɣֻۡ
ǧգգ۾Ҳܻʲôð취ͷӦǾ鷳佫ˡ
ɴɴԼɺ۾󺰴֮ȫǿɫҲҪңľͷŪģء
ɴɴͼŪ
ϧʵ̫󣬶޻Ƶģʹ
ֱַλḧ
ɲǣһɴ̹ǵʹϮɴɴ۵ʶĴļ߻ੲݣ󻵵ŪҺۣء
ޱ飬µĶҲûͣ
ɴɴ۵áϡ
ǧվһԣЩķңԼҲЩˣðɡ
ḧĶȥΪ졣
ģɴɴûôˣڲͣؿޣߵֹҲϡ
ǧַ죬̲סʵ佫ַΪ죬Ϊ˾Ե𣿡
δ̧ͷǰﾭұӣô˰Чȷʵ
ԭˡǧЦЦ佫ǸТӡ
֮ŽɴɴſѾˣڿվˡ
ɴɴգź۾ֻСӣһǺۣ󻵵ǹҵģ㣡
˵վ߼۲ˡ۾
ɴɴëóλòرˡ
һҲûʲôо
Ѳɣ汻ôһͺˣ
ɴȹϣǽõȫ˳ϸһƣƺƼµɫ
ǷɫģŻ
һѸٺˣæĿƿٿ
ɴɴδҲ֪ԼѾ߹⣬ӵվ˼Ȼһ¶ûС
ȻѾˣ
ɴɴ۽ϵȫҵСȹѾˣһ㶼ʹˡ
ˣǧҲ˿˾ͳɣúúлл佫СȲٳġ
ɴɴ򴽣Ƶ˵ҲŪǱ



437 ǸȻ

ǧЦ
ɴɴ򴽣һۣȻ˲ôղŵ»лл㣬ˣ㷽˵ֻҪץ㣬ԭҶԲԣ
ⲻϿǵģô˵
ղųʵڻң׽㣿
˵ɴɴüһЦЩš
֣ٽƿɲǣÿǱ¶С
һΣֺšüһιʲô콫·ã
ɴɴֱӴؿͳһСղʵڻңһʱԴհ׾ͽؿˣؿ˵춼Ҫԭҡ
£úɴɴ˦ǰôҲСˣǲӦԭˣ
ŵС㣬ҲЩ㱡
û뵽ִţŪһС㡣
һðΣŪС㡭
򴽣Ժ㻹ǲҪºˣС׳ʱû㽫ں
ָɴɴЩر죬ֻҪ㲻ұ㲻ˣ˵㵽ԭԭң
ڰ֣һۣˣ֮½ͱˡ
֮ԭˣ
ɴɴһЦüΪããǾͻǷˣ
䣬һ紵ʱŪɴɴ䣬˺ü硣
䡭ӣһ
Ҹղſһ¯ӣǽȥɡǧڵ
ɴȥãǿȥ𡣡
˲ŸȣһԼŮⲻúСףȻڡ
ϤŮǧüͷ
ôĶǣ
ǧͷ㿴һһڳǲϽӽǧѩվڼװϣ毺õϴЦݣӳʱʤա
ǧѩ΢΢׵ʥŮ
ǧѩһϯ£Ȼ߹󣬡ôյһˣ
ֻ΢еҪ̸ѡ
ǧѩЦͷȴֲ˼ת
СȷʵҪãںʱϵģ
ǧҧ뵽ղ˵̸¶
Ѳɣ̸ʲôҪ¶
Ϊ壬ľͷһʲô»̸ģ
ǧѩüаζӣܾʲô˶ܹϣԼܻһҲŴ˺öࡣ
λ̸ʲôأǧѩеѹ£Цʵ
ûж˵̸ֻһЩ˽¶ѡ
ӣǧѩԽˡ
˽£
ܣ˿϶̸ʲô¶
ԭˡǧѩЦһٿٿɴɴѾʪ͸ˣС㣬·ôʪ͸ˣӦúɣ
ɴɴֱۣڴڶˡ
Ȼ䣬ôСúôһأǧѩתͷǧһ˫ЦһĨ𱸡
ǧüĵұɴɴȥģɸһסˣǱֻͣ½Ų⿾ĴҲͱˡ
ǧѩһ㶣˵ʲô˼
Լ
ǧѩҧһЦʵ⻭ЩŮҵĸɾ·СǲĻԵǵĻлһɾġ
ɴɴԼΪĶ̲סǧһۡ
ǧĿ⣬ЦȻиɾ·ɴɴȥһҲ޷
ɴɴͷЦˣھȥһ
ǧ
վԭأȴһʾûС
ɴɴȹڣҪǧѩĻУʱ򡭡
ÿӣ߳ʵʥŮղͬ˭˵˭Ҫǻл
ɴɴӲ½ŲЩȵգգ۾
Ȼ½ѹһСɴɴ̲סǧһۡ
ǧҲѿȥ͸һĨɻʱҪˣ֡
ҵĵС㡣ǧѩЦȫʪˣǻвмɾ·ɿϡ
ѳɴɴȥֿٽĿͶǧϣû뵽Ȼʦ˶ڣʦûͬһ𣿡
ǧĿ⣬ϲţӦͤпƷ裬ġɡ
ЦüһĨӢʦԡ
ǧЦ
ǧѩ̲סϿȥʦҪãǻǣֹġ
ȻǺõģȻǳʲôǧۣô˵
ǧѩɫЩѿ
òʦȴһõǵĸ黹ͦá



438 Ϊֻ

뵽˴
ǧѩҧͷζԼİ֮ﱻһرĲġ
ѼЩ΢æǿ˵С㣬·ʪ˿ЩǻøȾ˷纮
ǧѩŻǰС㣬Щǻ
ɴɴͷ̲סǧȥȥ·ˣܿͻ
ãȥɡǧӦһһöӵڶ𣬽ţһͶ
ǧۣ̲סǵĻϿȥͼĴȷʵڲͣζȴӰ
üĿһѲɣǻлбˣ
ǧϸʱоһߣǴ͸һߣ
ǧٴ̧ȥɻʲôûз֣ǵҲʧˣ
ʱɴɴѾ任ˡ
ǧվڼװϣ˸ģһ仰δ˵
ͻȻǧѩǵĻһζҲϨˡ
ʱһ䴫

ɴɴġ
ǧȻɴ۾ǰһ
ô£
ΪͻȻ֮궯ˣѲɺ͸ղǵйأ
лʲôΣշӣ
ǧüơ
ɫǵĻˣҹȥ
ǧǵĻȫŮӣɴɴӦڻ·佫ȥʵЩ㣬ȹȥ̸̸佫Ҳ١
Ŷ˽ŲҲ֪ԼЩΣðɣһϽġ
ǧǵĻ
Сߵλãֽÿ
ÿ˲䣬ǧֱֻϱʲôһ˲ѪĽҧһߣҪϮ˾˭
ʵ̫ڣֲָģܿһӰڲҴܣĸƲ
üۻϵħ
ǣʲôûƼЩˡ
ιɴɴû°ɣǧһѪʵ
ɴɴܿ촫˹û£Ƕû£ǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻܳһӰŵƻҲϨˣÿ¡
ǧŤͷ㿴ϻδȼոɾǰһٽȼ
ɲǣٴαõƻͨ
ŵƻǧڿ˻еˡ
ǧѩվڲԶܲǿҵĹߣ㽫۾סˡ
ɴɴŴһ룬ڰһ·á
һλڹϵģȻǡǧ⡣
ǧ۾ΪȻܹôղŴ͸
ΪҪ͵͵ţĿ
ܾЩ֡
ǧȥʱǧҲĿͶ˫İż˿
ӴôҲˣָףЦʵ
ǧĿ⣬üͷһղŻ춯ɴɴļƵ׷ʲô
ǧ⹴νһСͻȻ룬ǵģһС˾ˣõǸ󹦳
ʱɴɴѾ·ߵǧߣոջһС˴룬Ҵʱ򣬿ɰˣ
ǧ۾
ղӰС˵ģ
ûˣǧüʵ
ɴɴҡҡͷûˣС˾Ƕѡ
ǧѩҲûˡ
˴ǧüͷǶûˣȴС˿һΪΣ
ǧͷһɻ󣬰˼⡣
ǧôˣɴɴ䣬̲סʵ
ǧҡҡͷû£ȻѾ͸һȥɣ佫ڼװϵǡ
ɴɴʱֱ͸ѪգȻˣ
ɴɴ洽һǧˣС˵𣿡
ǧĵӦСˣղּҽͱסˣֱϻһӡ
𣿡ɴɴʡ
ǧҡͷѾԹѪѾˡ
ɴɴ򴽣ֵǿЩ뿪ɡ
Ҫߣǧ̲סڵãǾͲһд㣬Ҫˣ
ǧŤͷܿ˫İͲˣ佫ڵǣҲö̫ã佫Ϊǵǡ
ǧһ˫İȻ֮Ҫߣұ㲻ˡ
˲뿪
ǧⶢ뿪ıӰһΪɫϸϸʱһУЩˡ
ѲĿǧٿһ˲׽
ʱѾ뿪صԼĻϡ
ƽ˿ղŷʲô



439 Է

ʣɴɴȿ˵һСϷˣǶѣǧ˱ˣһǸ˻
󣬱˿ɫЩá
ƤӵϷˣˣǱץסĲˡ
ɴɴһ٣ֵС˾ȻǧˣֻˣȻҾĲ
˵ţСȭһš
һۣϵɴȹѾɸɾˣǼۺɫĴҲ
˼ۺֿٽĿջأٿ
ɴɴͻȻᳶǧ°ڣϵķ˻δ꣬ǻȥԶɡ
ǧղŵ飬ͷ͵ãͽȥԶɡ
վڼװϣ˿ɫҲ̫ܳãʹﻹкЩȥҾ뿪ˡ
˵ţת뿪ϵĦʱ
ɴɴıӰ̲ס˳ǵȻˣЩöû뵽ûпڸ
ǧЦŵƺͦġ
ɴɴüͽһǴȻĶãΪΪ岻֪ͨرСղˮģһģȻ뻮
ǧʧЦϱ̺ۣͲҪ㶯֡
ɴɴһ˲û֪˵ʲôˡ
궫һǺӱߵķ羰ǧŻصͤС
ʱҹɫѾˡ
ǧȥʱѾʱ䡣
ߵַڲǰϻкЩʢСˡ
ǧڻг˺ö࣬ڻЩţôԵķǵöЩġ
μˣ̧˵Էɡ
ǧÿ£ҲԣĳԲ£ղҺɴɴڻг˺öණڶš
˵ţӣֶЩĹĵġ
ͬɴɴȥˣβʵ
ǧͷʵ棬壬ͦľȥҼûʲô¾ȥˡ
ԭˡֳǧ˼ۡ
ʵͬŮӳȥҲǲġ
˵ˣԷɡǧߴԶ
εִӡ
༫ΪţϵСҲûж٣ǧ۾ִܿһ˫ɾĿΪвˡ
ζһ⣬ɻ
ɻĿ⣬ǧǳЦ㿴㣬ΪֻųأʵһЩҲǲġ
գգ۾Ĵ⡣
ƺЩ塭
ǧָ˼⣬²ʵһЩҲǿ׳ӣЩ԰ǲԼгҲС
ζеļ⣬ȻЩ壬еģƺЩö
ÿӽһڳԵ
ǧĳˣ鲻ɴã㻹ЩʲôУ
ԷͰвˣ
Щ򵥵飬ͻȻҲúÿ֡
˵һǱߵϺ
ǧ˷ܵظϺ
δһ۾Ϳֱ۴͸ѪգѪѾɺԣ̴̳ʵڴĿĺܡ
һִǧֱۣˣ
ǧһʱδӦϵѪʱŻȻ򣬡ѽǲСıС˻˵ģѾѪѾˡ
Ϊ㲻Сģšüͷ
ǧ˵ʱкܺڣûô⵽ͱˣ´Ҳˡ
㱣֤βٴִӳ
Թϴһɵϡ
ʱҹѾˡ
ʹС
ǧһȹվڴڴ
þǲʵ۹ջʵǲˡ
üûκʧ֮ɫЩҪʵ˾ˡ
Ҳҹ˻ʵۻδǧ½˸İĹâ
ǲɢ˹еѾߣȴҹɫʱŴ˹š
Ӱߣǧ㿴Ǹߵˡ
һ㶣ȹ˹ȥ
ȿڵʱҪˣҪ𣿡
ˡǧͳһСƿӣ»СƿеѪҺĳǰҪѪҺ
ۣǰѪҺģ
ǧȻģҰ£ŪЩŪ㣿
ϹԲأʡ
ǧӿռָнϹԲȡ
һ뽫ϹԲù
ǧٽϹԲ̲
мˣѸһɫΪΣ



440 ԲΪŹ

ǧⱻһŲ½ϹԲ̷Һúñܣɲֻ֪ҪǱԲûˣҵġ
֪Ĺǣſ˵ֻҪ°ɣϹԲҽԭⲻ㡣
黹ǧ˲˿ɻЩǣ˵ỹңɾʲôʱأʱ̫¿϶ĵġ
м˵ͣ˲ûģۼұỹ㣬ڿԽϹԲ̸˰ɣ
˵ǧŽϹԲ̵ݵС
нӹ˸һĹ⣬Ϊȵġ
ǧӴĿ⣬ͷһ㾿ҪϹԲ̺ѪʲôҪϹԲ̵ĻӦҪҴѪŶԣġ
һᣬ̫ˣ֪̫˶ʲô³ġ
ǧȫļƤк³Ѳ뽫Ū
뵽˴ǧȻסԼĲӣɱңҲʾˡ
еֵȻȥˣ˵Ļɡ
ǧӲ˲תߡ
뿪ıӰеİɫŨ
ԭվһ뿪
һ·ɿ죬ת۾ڰܲ
»ҫ£˸ĹϵİҲȻ
ʱڰĴű򿪣һϮµө߳
һУ̵ϥص᳤鶼𣿡
лӻֵѾɣҪȥңڴڼ䲻֪𣿡
өģ֪̾ȥ֪ͨ˲ҪҴҡ
תҡ
ޱȣɵһ˦䣬еĵƻͻȻһȫˡ
ɲǣбõƻͨ·ֻҪһ۾ܿ
з䣬ܿվ룬λһԲ̨Բ̨֮ȴһüĿһٴ˦䣬еϹԲֱ̾ӷɵԲ̨ϡ
Բ̨Բ̼Ϊϣ·ⷽԲ̨ΪϹԲרŴġ
жǰϹԲ̣˸ŸΪȵĹâϹԲУһΪĹɡ
˵ţͽƿѪҺͳ
ѪҺƿвϻζҪƶĴ
̿ˮָ⽫ƿӸǴ򿪣ɲǣһŨѪζ
ŵѪζеȸԣһֺ˵Ѫӡ
ѪζţϹԲҲϲģ԰ɣĹЦԭ˿̾һ̬ħ
УĹЦŲϻصһ;ëȻ
ģЦֹͣˡ
ǰԲ̣ٿָ⽫ѪҺԲ֮ϡ
˵ֻѪѪѪҺܽϹԲ̴򿪣˵ϹԲһܵõ£
нǰϹԲ̣·Բ̵κһ仯
ɹãϹԲ̾Ȼһ㶯ûУԲϵѪλãûж
ô£ѲҲӵѪѪ֮ˣ
ⲻ԰
ϴξβʵҪãǻ˭ǣ
߰ҧһʱһɫɶӵѪѪ֮ˣǾ˭ǣ
ô顭
ʱԲϵѪٿʼˣԲ̸ÿ䣬Բ̱ѪʱĺɫҲ˲ȥ·ǻһƤңѪ쳣һѪˮƵġ
кɫ͸пٽĿͶԲϡ
Բ̱ʺΣɫһΣнΪȡ
ϹԲ̣Ǳˣ
ʱԲеѪջڲһɲǣԲ̱øʺΣ̾һŻһ㣬Բ̻̰ѪҺЩ㡣
ӵѪѪ֮ˣЦϵİɫҲŷ
Ҳ֪˶ãԲڽѪҺ˸ɾʱ򡭡
һѪĹâԲ͸âǿҷǳ̴͸ҵǽͶҹС
һ˲֮䣬ҹձȾѪ죬˷ǳ
өվͷ˲ͱ֮һ
⵽ʲôΪѪ졭
Ѳɻ᳤ˣ
өͷһҲ˲ֱӴС
һңͱǰѪɫһ̧ϸϸһȻ˶ԭء
죡
ϹԲ̾Ȼˣʺʺر
ϹԲ̵ѪҺֲǧѩġ
ө̿ˮһľߵеĻƿ
ˡһ죬˲;˰Уөʱһ⣬Ҳ˵ǽ𣿡



441 Ծǧ

өһ㶣̹ڵص¿֮󣬻Ϊ᳤£͸ϽԽ˻᳤ͷҡ
аڰ֣ˣҲǵҲŻ²ߣĹ㣬ȥͲôˡ
өл᳤
пֵɡ
ө̾վ
ʺѪϹԲ̣ʵ᳤ЩѪҺǧѩģ
е
өͷһ˵ǧѩĲӵѪѪ֮ˣ
Ƴͷе˼ЦӳөУ˽ΪǧѩӵѪѪ֮ˣվεľβʵҲϣʵ֤ǣɼǷʲôֽţĿľѪѪ
αˡ
өȻɴ۾᳤ЩѪҺ𣿡
ĦϹԲ̣Ц󣬡ġˣȴǱҿȷ˭ѪѪˡ
ϹԲʺΣɹһȻְȥúᣬâȫûˡ
өǰı仯Ǳһôˣ
Ħ°ͣ͵ȡѪҺԲȫϹԲ̿Ҫ֪鶼֪ˣԲҲǳ¶
өŰ᳤Ȼ֪ǧѩǣҪҪץԲ̣
ʱȲҪеŷεıҪץЩѶȡ
өЩļҪΣöԸ
ĦģҪ뿪βС
뿪
ө뵽ʲôһ۾΢΢𣬡᳤ν߶ǲű˽ģӹһֱãֻѪѪܾ
ۣǰǿȴⷽ֡
ө΢΢ȥ졣
һߣнǰϹԲ̡
ѪѪȤ
ʱϹԲѾָԭӣ֮ҲʧˣӲֹһ
˯еķͻȻӣ·иӦһ̳⿴ȥɿһȴûκһ
ջǺһܺںܺڡ
Ǹղָоô£ܾûʲôõҪ
šüͷڰ˫ϸʱҲЩˡ
Ҫ˯˯ߵǧӴ֧ӡ
ôˣһ䣬ȴͻȻ˫գûѡ
ѲɣСѾͷˣ
οţͻȻĵʧЦһɹһòԾ
Ȼ˯ţЩŤڳž޴ʹһ㡣
۾ٿֿǧͷƺҪҡѣһѡ
ҡãǧû
ͺǳԼУ·޹ء
üİ
ҪղŸܵ춯ȷڡ
ɾʲô
򴽣ǰ״мɫǧٿ˫һ¡
ǧð𣬶ЩǵĻϵħǱħȣҫ۵Ļâ
۾˼ֲ²⡣
Щ棬ϹԲйء
ڶϹԲʲô
δ˼ʱǧֿͣٽַŵ½ϣ߻ڲ߽ȣҵӺȡ
ַۣ̽ĶǰҪһͲˡ
ܵǰıУǧ˺ö࣬Դ˲ģ˿˿ġ
Сèһε˲ͱڻˣﴽһĨЦܡ
ģֽ˲׽
ɽģǧϵĻִ˼֣ǧ˺ӣֿʼˣȣҺȡ
üֶֻĶͷ
ɻûʲôЧǧ۾ֱӽϵ·˺ˡ
һ˲ϵİۼ¶ļȾһۺɫǱ̳ģġ
򴽣һʱҲ벻ʲô취¡
ȣҵӺȡǧ߽ţǰҲвٺˮð˲ͽʣµ´ʪˡ
ҧ뽫ȥԺݺˮ
һӣǧͷһ۵ĺ¶˳
ζĺ󱳣Ҫٽٿһ¡
ĺ󱳱ǰ۹ģ¾ȻһĺļϣѪУƺԶҲȥ
νǶĿİЩˡ
ĺڲ
۾ȻţҫɫĻƿһƬһƬΣͬһ㡣
ʱеɸΪˡ



442 Ű

һƬƬƬƬꡣ
ŰϹԲ̿
ָ⣬ɲǣһѪҺָ£ǲʹһ㣬š
Űǧ󱳳ȼգڷ·Ҳ̲һĵЩ£
εŰѪѪ֡˭ڿϹԲ̣
ʱǧ
ǧ˫ڰ׷ڣ˿ȾһҫĹͬѪһ㣬иͷһ
ۣīɫķ˿䣬ʹȥΪ죬Ե֮ˡ
νһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧ˫תܿͶ䵽ϣѪѪȷ˼Ϊλ¹򣿡
ͫһй䡣
ǧλˣһĮ翵ģۣϵƸΪˣľŰҲ˵
ɽģľŰήˣʧˣˡ
ǧֻǰһڣȥ
ۼֿ죬ֱӽ뻳УĦĺ󱳣˵ѪҺϹԲ޷˭Ȼܡ
ǧ壬һƬİУʼҲȥķ
ǰḧŪţ뽫ԶţҲܰȫһЩȴ뻹ǻЩֵˣֻ»鷳ˡ
ǸֵСѾͷѪ˾εõģ
ͫһ뵽ֱۺˣѵʱȡѪҺ
뵽˴˫
ڰͶǧˣϴεĺɽõ֤
ΰǧ¶һĨΪӵĹâ
֪ѪѪˣϴξβʵѰѪѪЩֽѡǧѩȴδֽŲʵѡ˾βʵ
֪ǧѩǣȴδ˵˳ˮ۵ΪѪѪ
ĲҪѪѪ˽İɡ
ãְǧޱ˯úܳ죬̲ס
˽Ļűʲôʱ룬ܵ˺
һֵĸо
ֿһȥ
ա
ǧһЩۣ󱳴ҲЩģʲôһ
˻ǧ꣬ô£˯ˣҲûȥʲôΪۣ
Ѿϴϣ˿Ӹµôˣ
ǧ۵öҶ֪ôˣҵЩۣǺ󱳴ģʲôһֺۡ
İȴͻȻȥĮ𣿡
Ӧûаɡǧգգ۾Щʹ̵֮Ҳûʲôˣʲôô֣
㿴ڴرΪ
ΰʱģ棬ë̷ÿ
ǧÿˣҵû°ɣ
νɿӺܺãֻ΢Щϻ˶ѡ
ϻ𣿡ǧգգ۾ϻӵ
νַḧţֻҪЩҩͻˡ
ͷϴһĨУǧһΣ˫ں󱳴ţָоӦûܱİɣ
ǧú󱳴ȵʵ̲ס˾ͿڵΣҶ񱻻һòҽºòã
£һĪ
ǧɹһЦְҽ°ǶǷˣЩܵҲû¡
뵽󱳴ľŰε䡣
·𣿡ʡ
ǧգգ۾Ѳģ
뵽˴ǧֲĺˣղŻڵϷ
ȻǸ·ˡüͻȻЩ㡣
֣󱳴š
ɲǣһں󱳴ϯǧ۾˿˿ĺ
棬εıֻЩôġ
һֵǧ˯ȥ
ſͷϣ͵۾ͼԼһЩΣҼǵ񱻻һ˵ûЩʲôֵֹ飬ԽŻ㣿
ָһܺãûκ鷢㲻ö롣
ǧŬ룬ֵñһȵģ̺̣ûκ𣿡
ûУܺáһ
ǧ򴽣Ҳ֪βƭˣñһ㡣
֡Ҳΰɡ
𣿡γʵ
ǧ飬һº͵ǾЩ̵ģٰһ𣿡



443 Ԥ

ε׺⣬á
һӣξȥ˳ϡ
ǧҲúЩˣվϴǰλΪ׼ϻҩ
ںҩһҧֱһ
ȥ֮ûô࣬Щ˿˿ġ
ѲɣǷθҩÿࣿ
ǧٿô죬оԽԽˡ
£ʶں󱳴ḧţﻹЩģɱȸղźࡣ
֪ΪֲԤУĺ󱳿ǱʲôܣǸܻܴǰƽ
뵽˴ǧšüͷ
üֱɽ뵽˿ռС
Сֻڳܣһǧˣֹͣ˳
ӣСһ£ҪǡǧСֻ֡
Сֻһۣߵǧűߡ
ǧӣʵ֪ô𣿡
ýצӵڴ䣬ϣ
ǰǧͷܾϺЩʲôɾһӡҲûУֵĺܡ
Ŭ룬ȴ벻ʲôͦõİʲô鶼δǷǶȻҲ֪ģϾǶԼˡ
ǧתͷҲûܵʲô
ҡҡͷûУүǸܵʲô϶ġ
СϺСϪץ㣬һǧˣͻܹȥűߡ
ǧ뵽ǰЩԼôһֻС꣡
أҲûʲô𣿡
СϺҡҡͷʾʲôû
ǧüۣˣϸоԼ񱻻һ
һצϣǿ϶Ĵ㶼˯ˣоʲôĿ϶׼
Ҳɡǧ̾һеĲδ
ļֵϹ룬ˣЩһֱڸй죬ħ޾˶ûնˣǲӦöŪһЩ
һֱڸι졭
ǧ򴽣ź𼸷֡
˵˵ͰȥŪЩħ޾˵ţȹϵ壬׼վ
ûӻצӣϲӬһȥȥ
ǧ̾վ
ֻǮСɣ
ܿ˿ռ䣬Ӷķȥ
С
ǧҡӣһС
ͻȻһιţһӰʹӶĴһ
ǧɴͫеҲ׹ڵأ˭ôĴ
ǧⱾˣʱһŰ£ߵӴл߳ƣ뽫ȫй𣿡
λУǧͷһôˣͲ±˷𣿡
ǧ⳯ܿ˿˭ͻȻ캦ˡ
еĽţڽ㲻ţʱѾܿʿ͹ֻҪһЩ㲻ᱻ˷֡
ǧæסԼ죬ҷκ
ۣӿռָȡϹԲ̣ϹԲѾúãҾͽϹԲ̻㡣
ݹϹԲ̣ǧһ㶣ôúˣ
Ϊôġ
ЦݣӳµЦԵüΪ󣬡ڲֻһǵķδʦ鷳
ǧһɫ˲佩˽仰ʲô˼ʦô֪ҽϹԲ̸㣬ʲô
Ц
ǧҧĿҪˣʲôҰ
Ťͷ¶˫𺺧ˣתЩ²ܹʵģ㻹ȥôӦΰɣɲʲôúŪˡ
˵ţо⣬ܿûӰ
ǧ⿴뿪ķüͷš
ɶ񣬾ôһ̯ӡ
һĻ
ǧ⻹ϸʱ򣬹һҵĽŲ
ţ̫ϸ¼ݵ
ǧŵشӴһֻʵ໹ŷΡ
ͷһйȻûƭλˣڸôأ
ǧЩˣϹԲ̻ϣһ㶣ѸٽϹԲ
ź֮󣬻ʵۺͷ˽
ǧһ¶Цݣ˸μ£μʦ
ʵ۰ڰ֣ѣЩҪ㡣
ǧ֧ӣҲһתʳЩʲô
֮󣬻ʵҲ俴ˣѪѪر¡
˳̲סʷȴ˵ƺϹԲйء
֮㿴𣿡ʵѯʡ
ǧգգ۾һãȻʲô֮󣬳δ¡



444 Բһֱڳ

ʵۣŽ͵ճѪɫһƬѪҺһ㣬ʦ˵ϹԲɵ󡣡
ϹԲ̣
ǧͷ̲סָ⣬ϹԲһֱڳ檵Уôأ
ʵۿΣЩôʦͬ˵ɡ
οǧ⣬һϹԲ̱һصĶԵ޹ʲҲΪ棬ҿϹԲѾ˺ڰУͬһǰ
ڰ᣿ǧ̿ˮֵģϹԲһֱڳ檹Уڰߵġ
Ҫһ¡ε
ǧûжĿ⳯ʵϿȥ
ʵ۳ʦģ콫ϹԲó
ǧתְһøղѾԲ̻ˣȻƺҲϴ塣
ǧ⽫ϹԲȡݵǰ£ѾϹԲȡˣǹĿ
ʵۿһۣȷϹԲɡ
֮Ҳɺϣ
γԲϿȥֽ䴦һĨѾɺԵѪգѪպǲϸƲУɻǱˡ
ʵϹԲһֱ㹬Уûжʧ𣿡
ǧĿ⣬ֻ˫䣬ȴͨ͸ע··ʲôΡ
һװȻ˵ȻϹԲһֱڳ檹вδʧңʦҲ˵Ϊ桭
ν˫İ
ǧⱻȫ䣬ǰûôʦ£ȴħ
һܿ͸ĵħ
ĴδʧβԲϵѪգк쳣
ǧƣϸĿڣǵģ檸ҿ϶Բһֱڳ檵δʧ
νȥЩϹԲɣñڰƼˡ
ǧ̿ˮʦǷŹ
˹ǣоԼһǣȥϹԲ̷źá
ڴдһ뿪
ǧ⿴뿪ıӰ˲̱ϡ
Լû¶Ȼ군ˡ
δ͸һǰ档
ǧƳͷЩͷʲô¶˵
½Ϲǰ˸
ѹ
ǧдżɻǲһôˣ
Щйǧæ֧ӣֽȹϵ帧ƽһļӣżΪ߰
ܿ죬ͽ˽
ǧⶢϵҰԼЩطס˵Ǹϻʵˡ
ѹұν£ǧָ⣬̬߰ʡ
ѹܿ˿ֹվڵڣЦЦһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧ˼㽫ȫǲɢˣѹµѾûˣ˵˰ɣ
Цѽùæġ
æǧ΢΢סһиܰʲô
ѹüлһ⣬㲻ǹʥŮǧѩĶãĻ϶ܺܺõĽӽɡ
ǧͷһ⻰ʲô˼
Ѻڰ׷Ц⣬ǧϸ
ǧ˲ɴ󣬡죬㾹ȻҪô治飬ǧѩǱĴ㣬Ϊ㣿
վԭأѸƶһѵġ
֣ǧŭ֪ˣȸ½ȻԵ˼ָҶԴ㲻Ͳ߱𣿡
㲻ġü޿֡
ǧü¶ѹţ
ѵŶǹġѰָ⣬һǧ߽ϵ־磬ǹֳİɣĿľΪ˺ǧ
ȫû뵽ԼΪᱻǧ͵صɴ˫Ҳ֪˵ʲô
Դŵ䴽Ц𣬺ڰ׷˫ԵüΪ޹ѵ˵ò𣿿ѿװס
ǧͷһҧ촽û˵
Ѱָ⣬ֵｫϵϨģĿֻţǧ䣬Ҳｫֱ۸˵ģǧƺЩöԸҾľںڰߣԴעﲻط֡
ǧľսյȷ̫˳ЩеӰƾմܳʵһȴǵӰѵˣ
㵽ôǧѾ޷侲ˡ
ЦѵĿģﲻ֪𣿡
ǧҧں˽սܻܲһ



445 ķ

벻ˡЦԵüΪƣ׵İȴľսǲϣұֻܽ¸ߴʦˣӣưոݣѿóʦǧǼΪĵġ
ǧҧ
ɶ񣬾ôʦѹ
ѶƬֵ̣ѸղſһߵӴ﹬߳ƺϹԲ̣黹ģϹԲ̾ʲôأ
ǧҲ¶־֮ɫȫˣ
ЦòãҵʱͶڷϣȻףҽ¸ߴʦ϶ܴв³Щʲôɣ
Ȼȸ½ĴʦǺܴġ
ǧһϵĸ߰ȫȥøΪ˼֣㣬¸߸ʦ
ԡһ٣ĿţԸˣ
ǧƬ̣ǵ˵ͷҿ԰㣬ҲӦң¶ҲܽҹҾ㾡ҲҪƣ
ȻϰѣȻǲὫ﹩ġѴֵ½ˣͦŵġ
ǧЦһû˵
еɫٴЦѵĺϢ
䣬Ѿͷ뿪
ǧ⿴뿪ıӰýָ׶Ƕ
ᱻвȴֲò
ôʦͻʵ۷쳣֮ء
ǧüëһһԹɫ
㣬Բˡ
ȸɭС
ǧеɱħޣȫ֪зһ¡
ͳذףħ޾˴ħԴڳ
һŵͽ׵ħ޾ˣġ
ǧھˣϴθƸҲȫԹ⣬ԹҲͰˣҲû壬ʵͣڳɳڣҲ֪ЩԽȥˡ
ǸǮ
ڼԼ̲ס߳һȴҲúƽϡ
ǧɱħ޾׼ȥ
Ͻǧ϶߳Ӷᡣ
ŸûǧԶһ
߽һ־ȻĽϳˡ
Χ۵˻ͦ࣬һָָġ
ĽڵϣֱӱסĽүĴȣҸϳţûʲôֻǱҩʦϳ˶ѡ
ĽүһŽߵ𴦣۵ĶǭˣΪһὫԴϣ
ĽǷףҲŵɴ󼸷ֻ֣ĶӣҾͲ𣿡
㲻һͼӡĽүһϣֱҩʦϳеѪеԴι˹
Լ׽ԼǹĽɫҰ˼֡
㲻ҩʦУҲܳͷءĽ
Լ¡ĽүһĮҲὫԴϣҲĽݼҵĺˡ
Ҫˣ
Ľһ漱ˣ㲻ϻĽݼҵѪҺ㲻˺ĵġ
Ľүüһ۾תصլ
ĽȻıӰҰֽ
ҩʦẦģǶǸ˺ģ
ǧȻǰ־硣
֮˾ͻᱻķ򣬾ͬѪҺҲⲻҪˣ֪ΪʲôЩĺ
ǧĽеֻĺûκͬ顣
̫³ҲһֱӦɡ
ܿ죬Ľ·ӵվž˵ŭ⣬ľս
ǧһЩľ
մȾŭ˫ܾʲôƫ
ǧͼ뿪լſڣҲ֪ȥĶ
ӰǧҲ̧뿪
ҩʦᣬŸһ¯ҩͷһɧ
ǧõĵҩռ䣬̧߳á
Ÿһ߳ͷͷΪңҲ֪Ƿʲô
ǧץһѧͽʵΪǶҴææģǷʲô
ѧͽ˸ľͰ֪ΪκԺͻȻˣϷԸǿЩϨ𣬲ȻԺɹŵҩݶҪˡ
Ժˣ
ǧüͷһö˶˵ôͻȻˣ
ѧͽҡҡͷҲ֪Ȳ˵ˣҵȥˣóϹ
˵ţǧǯƣɿسԺȥ
ǧܾЩŹ̧֣ҲԺȥ
Ժһ󼦷ɹѧͽˮͰ𣬻һЩѧͽŻƽС潫ɹŵҩȫȡ
ˣҩݻ˲٣Щҩݣʵڽۡ
綢Щսҩݣɳɫ
аԸѧͽ𣬴ȫϨ˿
ö˶˵ģԺΪλˣаʵ



446 Ľɵ

ѧͽͳһҡҡͷ֪ǸղҩɸһתͷͷֺԺˣʵΡ
а°ͣǿɾˡ
򴽣ɫѿ
ǧںԺһȦֵһӣһںڵĺۼǵġ
ǽλãпǱ˵ȼ󣬴ǽ߶ġ
ԣŵĻ𡭡
ǧ۾λϣҷǽһӣҴ󵨲ӦǱŻġ
Ż
λһæߵǽߣ˴ͷһ濴һӣ潹ڵĺۼӳλС
죬Żģ
˾˭
ҩʦһΪƣ˭ŻأŵϵĻӣȴôҲ벻ͨ͸
аҲͷʵûʲô
ѧͽһҡͷ
ǧ򴽣ٿ뵽ղĽеķŭѲŵĻ
1
üͷȴͻȻ˫죬뵽ʲôһ㣬Ѳͷˣ
뵽ʲô𣿡ʵ
ǧعҡҡͷû뵽ʲôٿΧɣƺҵʲôҲ˵
ûҵ֮ǰǲҪ˵ȽϺá
ʱһųĶͻȻվλϣӸղź⿴ĽӰһֱڹǻЩŹ֡
ǧһۡ
ѵãȻվָĽѲתˣ
ӴǧĿ⣬һηηؽͷȥ
ǧʼ磬ЦһĨڽɫ
ĽЩɻ۾ΪҪҩʦӦûгԹɣ
ηηһ仰˵ˡ
аü̽Ե˵һ䣬Ľҩʦĵӣǽϳ᲻ʲô
šüͷĲԣӦòСɣ
аǸӣʵпܡ
ǧ룬ӹҸղſĽϳˣΪϳҩʦᣬѾǸ֮ˣ˾顣
ȻˡüͷʳӣĽү顣
ǧֵĽͶ·ּ˵ķҲпܵġ
ָ⣬ЩӣܵĽټǷ־ץ
аҲֹģǲץֻЩʲô
ǧû˵
ҩʦʱָֻƽǧһ¯ҩ뿪
صͤǧһ߽ͷַλϣɫЩ࣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ǧǰǿЦЩʲôô𣿡
̧ǧеɫҲ˼֣һ飬һͦҪ顣
ڷ˵Ҫ飿
ǧգգ۾˲֪ʲô
ʲô飬÷գţ˫Ӳӡ
룬㿪ڵ֮˵ѪɫģƺϹԲп֮ס
ϹԲ̣ǧЩɻ۾Բ̲ǧ𣬿ǧѩǿԲ̵ĹؼڣԵ޹ʵΪλῪ
ؿһۣе׽塣
һſڵϴᣬǧѩԲע˹ѪҺЩѪҺԲںϣܾͻյ󡣡
ǧȻصͷԭˣѪѪѪҺȻ𣿡
ȻôԶѪҺܴϹԲ̣ʹ
΢΢һ٣ŵ˵ͷǣѪѪѪҺȷ桭
ǧܾ÷νյЩ֣ҲЩ֣񸻺ĳһ㣬ֺܲĸо
ôˣ
¿յ
ǧգգ۾һ䣬ûпν֮󣿡
ҡҡͷδʱѾʧ
Ҳûʱƺ˯ú졭
򴽲˫Σ·ʲô
ǧЩŹ֣ҧ˵һЩ飬ҩʦŻˡ
˲üͷҲû°ɣ
ͦԼǧ𴽽ǣͦõģǺԺһЩҩݱջˣʧС
֪˭𣿡ǳʣüۼƺһâ
ǧü۾ӦĽҼϳˣӿ϶ʵʩ
ЩҪСһЩεҩϣӮˡ
ڵĽʵʩ
Щůůġ
֪ˣһСĵġǧǳǳ
δĽǸΣշӣҹټ



447 ǧѩ

½ʹЩк춯𣿡ǧʵ
ΰϵĲ豭嵭ʱû춯ҹֽѹ͵͵
ǧ⣿ǧüһ֮ʲô
ҡҡͷ֪½ʹ춯ȻѪѪйأѪѪ֮Ѿ½½ڴȻҲ½
ǧ̾һѪѪǷ¶ࡣ
βͻȻʵ㣬뵱ѪѪ𣿡
ǧæҡͷȻǲˣֻ밲Ĵʲô¶ȥ롣
ν˫纣
ǧЩڣ㿴ʲô
ͻȻǣԸҲκη´㡣
֣ص˵ǧ̲סЦôһģֲѪѪ¶϶̫ࡣ
û˵еôҲɢȥ
ģǷֹݲй¶һ
ǧһصӣʲôҲû˵ˡ
֪ǲУܾ÷һˣӹŹŹֵֹġ
򴽣Ŭеʲôȥ롣
ЩӣŻҩ׻δҵ˼һ㣬ȫѰټ
ЩӵķأÿÿøĿ⿴ÿ񽻻ʱеܻȥĮɡ
֣ÿһ˶֡
ǧҧýջʲôõҪ
һˣƽܾͻᱻơ
ѰԴȴôҲѰʮֵջ
ǧ߳ͤ׼ȥͷ͸͸
Ÿһ߳ſڣͿǧߵѾСҶ˹
ǧ½ŲСҶѾʲô
ʦˣū澽ġСҶЦŸ˸
ǧüʲô
СҶʦȥΧ
ǧת뵽ǧԶһЩüҲµֱӾ;ܽˣˣҽЩҪ㲻ȥΧˣȥǹ˵Ǹ
СҶЩˣǺЩС㶼ȥˣūûнȥ϶ū澵ġ
ûµġǧҹȣ϶㣬ҪºҪǵǵ𣿡
δСҶڣǧת뿪
ִ֣СҶԭض˶š
ߵʮԶĵطǧŶ½ŲСҶû׷˿
Χ
ǧĹϵһ򲻺ãҲ֪ʲô˼ȥõѡˡ
ǧҲûʲôҪղ˵רƭСҶġ
ͷɱ˼ֻħޣͻصͤ
һȥͷֽյЩ֣˶ģſڵĻʼʿˣѰʲôˡ

ǧֻ߽ص䷢ַλûл
ôûлѵʲô·ˣ
ǧ߳䣬һ̧㷢վϵҹǰʵǷʲôΪһͿſڵĻʼʿˣ
ҹͷصǧѩˡ
ˣǧšüͷһ߽ħʦö˶˵ô᲻𣿡
ҹȷֵĺܣǧѩΧͻȻһַιԭϵǧѩȻʧˡ
Χʧģ
ǧüͷٴš𣬡в鵽ʲô
ҹҡҡͷʱûв鵽ʲôڵУҲʿѰңʵʱڳЩŮ죬ܿˡ
ЩŮ죿
ǧգգ˲Ե޹ʧʱܽӴǧѩ˱ЩŮ죬ҵЩ
һ䣬ǧİһƬ
õʱûȥʲôΧȻЩ˶Ὣñӿ۵ͷϡ
ϾڻʵǸŮǸڰŮ
ʵ۶Ŵ½ʱ۵Σãղûȥ
ǧ΢΢𴽰꣬ҡ
ҹ룬ֵˣӷ»˵ܻЩԼһȳԷɣöˡ
ǧůůģͷ֪ˣҹ㲻ȥЭ𣿡
ҹҡҡͷ˵һ˱ܽտˡ
ǧͷǼůȻصؽտǲ˵мΪҪ
ˣҪҪҹɫֵǷԣͷԸȡʳ



448 ô˰

ǧҲþöˣھͳ԰ɡ
Ժδλǧſϣ
Ҳ֪ʲôûв鵽Щʲô
ſϣô˯ˡ

ǧ⼱ЩתİǼ£Ǳ֪Ȼģֻϣܹ˳뿪ȸ½ҹζࡣ
ɫֻһսľ
ǧ֣ȥشʱһӰ˽
ŵָһĿⶨؿˣѹĴν£
ѿڴǰЦлģҲ˹Ѳ˳õԼҪġ
ЦգǧҧгݵΪ˰£˲ʲ֮ˣбԺԼĴ㣿
Ǳǹ¶ˡۣڰ׷һİɫԵʲô¶ûôôֻҪ㲻˵û˻ỳɵͷϵġ
ǧһ⻰ͦе
򴽣ϵŭɫҲ࣬ĿѾﵽʲôģ
ҪһֻСƳͷĿתһĨâ
Ҫһ
ǧһܾЩ
ҪĲǸɡ
ҪʲôǧͷĲʵ
΢΢һһ˵ҪеϹԲ̡
ʲô
ҪϹԲ̡
ǧ͵صɴ˫ɫҲЩѿõҴ㣬ھҪϹԲ̣ѹθڹô󡣡
䴽ǧѩǿϹԲ̵ĹؼҽֻǵõǧѩûϹԲ̵Ļǻʲô˼
ǧ򴽲
ԴؿŹһӦϾһϣ˵ЩʲôԹҲ᲻õİɡ
˵ǧšüͷв
ЦɫҲ
ǧⶢеķнãӦϹԲ̽㣬Ӧý
ЦݲãѾԲὫ﹩ġ
˵ǧŽϹԲȡ
ѶϹԲ̣Ȼɴ󼸷֣ϹԲ̣һͳµϹԲ̣
ǧǡ
Ѳָ⽫ϹԲ̽ӹԲϵ·쳣ңڵõϹԲˣʱ½϶ͳһ¡
ǧЩؿȻѾõҪĶͿЩ߰ɣס˶ӵģɲҪ۵
һٴιЦеô˳ⶼҪлﻹ½ĸǡ
ǧüͷ꣬˵ˣ㻹ǿЩ߰ɡ
ϹԲ̣תߡ
һߣǧ⼱Щת
ô찡Ǳʵ֪ϹԲ̲ˣһᱻŪġ
ٱǲϹԲ׳ģȫʬûˡ
ǧ̿ˮ챻ˡ
ͷǽϺһҧٿԼϻһӣȻڵİȫŪңſ޺˳ȥ

£Ⱦȳ檡
ǧ˼ͻȻˤڵأҲŪõѪ졣
ʵۺͷθ·ܿ洫˺
˶һۣŶ롣
һȥ۵ıѪֱǧ⣬ӼΪǱɫҲҰޱȡ
ʵһ㶣˲ˣ⣬޵ôˣ
ǧקŻʵ۵°ڣһ˲ϾͳһѪӡӡ
һƣ̳һĨ֣̿£檲ǹҪŪġ
ʵһϵѪգЩе޷ޣ⾿ôˣ
ö˶˵ľȻԼ£˭˳ģģ
ʵҧһɫ
£ǳ檲ãֳ檰ɡǧҧ޵£ûϹԲ̣ϹԲѾ͵ȥ
ʵ۾õɴʲôٸ˵һ飿
һĮķΣҲ̲סǧ⿴˼ۡ
ϹԲ̾Ȼ͵ˣ
ǧָ⣬϶˵ղһ˴볼޹ʱȻ檴ˣϹԲȥ
ʵɫࡣ
Ƥӵ¶ˣʵڿ
ɿ˵ĳࣿʵʵ
ǧҰҡҡͷδ壬˽ƻĺܽ沿ڵʵʵ檸ƲС
ʵ򴽣һ䡣
һſΣʵʦ£᲻ʥŮʧ֮йأ



449 ҪҰ

βףǰ״ӳ»£¼ͬһʱ䷢˵йҲǲܡ
Ǻڰ𣿡ʵšüʵ
εǡ
ʵ򴽣ܿ뵽ǸֵŮ
µģȻͺڰᣬʦ˵᲻ɵġʵü²š
֪˵˭ⲻһҸұ֤
˵ʵҧֵȻʦ˵Ǿ;˭ɵİɣȻʥŮϹԲ֣֮޵ȸ½Ҳ
δ׵֪
ǧһһģȴûлɵԼϣ̾ͷ
ƸܵǧĶδζؿһۡ
ǧһؽͷ¡
ʦѰϹԲ̺ʥŮ¾ͽˣϣʦҪʧʵٴοڣ˵ʹҽǧơ
뿪Ӱе⽥
ٿ뿪
Ѿˣ˺Բ̵ɡ
صУεһ۾Ϳſ˯ŵҡҷƤ𪣬̵ĽëȾһ͹Ӱʹȥò˼顣
ǰ鲻ԽҪָ˫ա
ʱ򡭡ǧͻȻһ۵ļ
μˣ̾ͽ˻ĿҲúƽ죬Įˮ
ǧٴһŻǰģһˮһŽǰһп塣
˰촽ո˯ѵɤƽ˼ϸŴ쳣
εͷ˿ȾӨ財
ǧ۾ʹԼ˼֣ҵǧѩ𣿡
ҡͷûУ¾ϹԲҲŶˡ
ǧһݣȻϹԲ̶ˣ˵ĿҲͲԶˡ
ȡϹԲ̺ǧѩΪ˿Բ̣Ӷõ
˵᲻ǺڰɵģǧüһĨЦڰҰȻңǾġ
ǧףɫ䣬Ǻڰᡣ
Ѿ֪ǧѩӵѪѪ֮ˣһ٣
ǧƶ̲סʵΪͷˣǲѰʲôˣ
νĿջأ׵ɫȴȥ»ûУɾ˽ڰ»׺ݾһЩһֵЩڰ硣
ǧ뵽ǰǧħΧǡȷǳݾ
͵˺͵Բηη飬治Ǻڰ硭
һ˵ȷЩ񡣡ǧһһɶЦȴֲ˵ֻʵǷΪǺأ
ζ˸ǹâüۣϻۣжȻ˼ƽϰɣ
ǧ䴽ЦͷȷʵЩ뷨½˲Ÿ㷢飬ɵöһЩˡ
˵̲סͷḧţЩҶ֪
ܵͷ⣬ǧ۾ǧȥΧûȥȻǧѩʧٿ϶Ҫͷˡ
󣬷ЦŽӹûȥҲ뽫Ƶϡ
ʲôǧȻԲ˫ҶûȥҲһϵûУȻڻң
νֻŲһ˲˫գ¶ɣĻɴδ
ЩҶ֪ǧ̾һεĻЩˣ˶ڳΡ
ǳ޷ͬ˵ˣᾡҳףҲǡ
ûǡǧ򴽣ٿᳶ°ʵҪȥ飬ҪҰæ𣿡
δϸ۵С֣أԼ£½Ҿͳɡ
ǧҲ֪İҲٶ˵
νջأָȾŵȶѣ˵ůġ
Ҳڣкúó𣿡ͻȻʵ
ǧ˫΢졣
⻰ʵá浱СӰ
üȻкúóԷֲСˡ
δƴһ⡣
ǧԴ͵üۣ˵һ仰
д⣬ǡ紺ˮһá
ǧҲһ΢ڻζͣ
һȥ
գ֮ϣһϮˮɫɴȹͻȻվ£ѽջ½
˵һϮɫ۵ĻʵЩ񣬡ֵ黹δжۣѹΪߵæȸ½չ˲𣿡
ҡҡͷϵˮɫɴȹҲڷз裬ˣѵĸղأֻȥûбʲô˼



450 ҵ

Ĺˣʵüëһ
ǵı¡Ѵȡһţմ½ӱţдװס
̫ܹܽŵݵʵС
ʵչһۺ󣬱ѹǸТŮȻʵ۲أѹлȥֵ˵
΢΢˫ҲŴ¼֣л£ãݻᡣ
ʵӦһû˵
Ѵŵ棬ٿһЦ߻Ц⣬ɻʵȴδ
˶Ҫվһ࣬ȴڶ˲һ˫ī˫
˫̽ȴǵĮ䡭ǴʦΣ
ͷһǰҲһˮ£Щ飬ѲѾ֪Щʲô
ӦòģΣһʱҲ鲻
֮ǵþ뿪ҹζࡣ
̿ˮŬеѹ£ʹԼȥƽ쳣
ο˼ۺ㽫ĿջأеȴȥͬԶĺͷ
糯θִӵгߵɽʱͻȻ˦˦䡣
ͬʱҹٴδڳϥصкηԸ
ӭڷУ΢½ʹסվУҹҪȥǣ춯
ҹһǻɣЩ¶½ʹɵģ
û˵ȴҲûзϡ
ҹ˼ſ˵ˣ¶°á
䣬ҹ뿪ܿûӰ
ҹ뿪ηҲȥ˼ȴͻȻͣ£鵭Įɡ
⻰Ÿ£һȻʦ㷢ˡ
βŷִӼɽ߳ī衣
һϮɫۣϹ貵Ц⣬ƺͷ̫Ҫ޼֡
΢΢ףӡ
ī迴ڵЦƺҪ⻪貵ģҸղڼɽСǹģҲ֪ʦµ̸
εϲûʲôɫ޷Ҳʲô˵顣
ʦڻ½ʹī轫ֵڴ䣬еЦֻһĨʡ
βӸղŶˣֺʣ
ī蹴𴽽ǣֵֻ֤һ¶ѣˣһѴʦһ䣬ǸǧҲ⣬ϹԲ̶ʧǰһʱѹܻ
βɫ۾ΪҪ¸ң
ī迴΢ұģͻȻ뵽ǧǸֵļһֿ˺ǧұֻܳѴʦˣþ콫ֻźá
̸ǧ֣εüͷ𣬡ΪβԼȥ
īЦ죬Ҳ룬ʦ¶䣬ȨʶȻġ
򴽣û˵
ī迴һֿۣڵҲ֪ʦǧкͼֻҪһգ㲻óѣǵոʼֹȢ˽ҡ
˫üһ°µ˫ֽգԶȴɵˮҲ֪˵ʲôҵȻӾͲزˡ
û뵽ƽյˮķλ˵īЩס
īָܿ䴽Цݲãֻ֪ʦӵȴ뾹˵Ļ⡣
νյ˫΢΢䣬볣˲˵ֻΪ档
īٴЦ
οӣҾ뿪ˡ
īڰֵ㡣
βͣ˦뿪
īվԭأıӰ
η·ûвһ㣬ݵػصͤС
磬δǧ
λصУԼһˮȴҹѾƺǴʲôϢ
ˣŲյ΢
ҹϥأһһ俪ڵӣ·½λʹȷЩɣ
̧̧Ƥӣ˫ڳͬʯк춯
ҹ룬㿪ڵ¸ǻصվУѹаڷһӣӺܴװһˣѹֲκ˿ÿÿԷܻŷ˻صгԣ˵˷ݵģÿγ˶ˡ

β۾еĲյҲϣ˵ȥ
ҹڵ±ȥ̽һѹһֱڷУöδҲڷ󷨣ʹ޷롣
νͷ鷢󣬵ȻǸӵȷֵĺܡ
ҹʵӣҪʲô



451 ǿѾ

ȥǱߵжν豭ִһڵɫҪˣǻʱγǡ
ҹӦ̾ȥ졣
ȥʲôǧĶǳЦŶ롣
еˣĵûʲô⡣
ν豭£ҹȥЩҪ飬½ʹϾҪˣӦҪúöŲǡ
ҹҴˣܿͳȥˡ
ǧŻҪˣΪΣ
ָָӣʾ£˵½ʵȾزǵþȥ
ɣǧ˫˺Ͷͬһʱ̶ģһҪȥмô붼йɡ
νһˮƵǰԣҹȥţû´ǽܾͻǡ
ǧ𴽽ǣǼˣҲ˵˼УҲ
ζû˵
ǧŪŲյੲݣԣǵǳ֮ǰжҵ
εȫȻûκ顣
ǧ룬ʵ֤ʵ½ʹΪָΣϾϵ½ĺƽӦòʹɱְɣ
εϾһܲᱻģܲװױ½ҪͳǳȻǱġ
ǧЦų°ڣҴδ֣㾹Ȼġ
ģ
һ㶡
Ϊ˵ҺģḧŲյⲻЩõֶζѣĻᣬÿ½ġ
ǧһҲǣӾʱôݵġ
űӣЦҲ˵˵㲻ؽ档
ζͻȻڵϣҪͬһȥץ𣿡
ץǧգգ۾һʱ仹δӦ
ǳԣץ˵ڻδ֮ǰǳ𣿡
ǧŻȻ򣬡ԭ˵ץ˼ðͬһȥץץ֮ǰӦѷȳ˰ɡ
ε΢ǳǳģ˲á
ܿ죬ͷԸ˶
극һ׼ȥץ
ɫѾˣ˳ȥʱޱҹɫӳУģһ紵ǵ°ڶ
䲻䣿βʡ
ǧҡҡͷ䣬ǻϵħʦҿħȡů𣿡
ҡҡͷȻλ˿Ҳ䣬ȥվǱߡ
ǧվǱ½ʹסȥԼӵǵһһ
ܿ˾վվⲻ̫ߵǽ棬ǧָѹȥ
εϸǽ档
ܵĴǧ͵صɴ˫ǽֲߣԼȥġ
ζüۣǰ״ɫԵöǣ꣬һЩñ˷ˡ
ǧűͣҲƽˡ
ü۵ʹɫ˫γ
ǧüۣһ˲侹Щ㱡
ʱҹһǽϥصӣˣ½ʹûκ춯ڷЪϢ
ȥվеƻðȴ־쳣һ㶯ûС
ζһ仰Ҳδ˵
ҹ˵㲻
ƽƽЩŹˡǧǽ֮£ͻȻ˵Լ뷨
˵εüͷһҹȥ̽̽ǿѾˡ
Ѿˣ
ҹ͵صɴ˫һֱͷŲδ˵Ѿôܡ
վУһѽƿ
ƿ˲䣬ҹ˫һ¡
˵ġȴ½ʹ·ͨա
ҹɴ˫ţͻȻԴһ
ǵͨͷģ극˾ͳˣѲɣʱѾˣ
ˣεĮ翵ɤ
ҹͨһڵأӣ¿ܲ˸ˣӳͷ
γ￴ȥܿҲ
ɣҲܹ㣬ֻ˵½ʵ̫ƻҲ̫ˡ
ҹŻվ
ӣǸΣҹʵ
ȻҪȥʤ׷ˡǧǵ̸˸飬ųȻǻص½ֿϹԲ̾ˡ
˵˫ް㱻ǵߣҲǿ˵İɡ
ôˣǧ˵̲סᳶ°ڡ



452 ɽϵ

λȻеɫҲָ˵ò¾͸ȥʤ׷ˡ
ǧޱߺҹ°ͷȸɭָ½ıؾ֮·뿪ȸɭֻҪٷһɽ½߾ǲŸȥãȥ׷Ӧüġ
üԴǼȫƶ
䣬ξͽڤٻ
һɲǣβͣʣˬŸ£Űڶ̬ͣȻ
ǧǰľϴβżٴοġ
ȥɡָָڤڣܽ¡
ǧһ飬ķٶȼ죬Ǳж׵ħ޺һȣ̾ͱѹ
ȥ׷ǣһ۸һӣ
ǧ̾һ
κҹ
֮ڤХһһХ䣬ϲȻɵɾ޴䶯ˡ
ϣɫֵտѣڤڿõıƼ
ֻգһ˲뿪ȸɭΧ
ȸɭʱʱħܹһŵϹǶʱˣȫڵأŵòҶ
ڤĿⴹ£ǡ
ħŵɪɪͬյĿҶʱƮ䡣
ڤһХƺͬ˵
ħҲպյ˼ƺڻػͬһ㡣
ǧ˵ʲôܸоһͻ֪½ʹĶˡ
̸ڤ̧ͷ˵ˣ˵ղһȸɭˣɭһ·ҲֱͨɽԶ·ƿǡ
ڤЩ䣬ͬ겻̶ͺĿΪͬ
⻹ǧһڤڣȻʲôˣʲôޣ䵭ΪҲͬ
ǧ̲סοһۡ
ʱҲýĿͶؾ֮·ɽȥɽϵǡ
ǡڤسɽϷȥ
ǧڤɣ̲סզࡣ
ôɵ޹ȻǱ˼ҵģռĺקøүƵģһǸǮ֪˶ħ޾ˣڻͣڳɳڣЩ¶ּۻۣģ
ôˣμ㱣̲סʡ
ǧʵϹ޴ཾȴΪôģ
֣ḧͷϹ޷ǿߣֻҪ㹻ѹסǱ᳼
ǧӣ̫ǿֲúһֱ̫
ԭˣҵŬǿˡ䣬ǧ˫ȭ鼫Ϊᶨ
ӭڷУͷϱ紵ǧͷḧţŬǿɡ
ڵףǧǳǳ
ҹһԣ˵ľٶܣһ㶣ɫ̱
ܿ˸ɽϣ䣬Ҳܿȵء
˵ϣҹ˵ľٶôܣ˿
ܾڵӺǰһˣǰͬȫ¶͸һӾУǶ˼ø˼֡
ȫǧĹͣ
ԣӶǧˣ
ˣǧѩûκλˣĲָǺãڤˮβãܸΣ´ٸĻҲ֪Ρ
ҹ߲ģȴûһվԱߣż˵ϼ仰»кʱȾɫɴһɫʣͨ͸
ҹһվһʱ䣬Ҳ˲١
δ࿴ۣɽ´һ˵ܿŲҲŴ
ҹ˫𣬵ӣɽжˡ
δȥɽһ⣬Щڲƶ
ӦǣȺɡƿӳɫʱ翣˿̽塣
ҹ㲻˵ˡ
ǧҲɽµǻ֮⣬ǳЦǱѾԶ·ܽˣȴ뵽ǾɽϵͶ
û˵ɼҲͦˡ
ǧһ٣ֵǼǿ϶ܾҲʧ䣬ϾֻҪɽܵ½߾Ǿɹֻһ֮ңȴͻȻԨ
й
ǧЦЦҲǡ
ûã˵ԽԽˣǰɽǾִܵ½߾
ľǰͷеȼһѡ
ںͷͣ۵Сȣ֪·ôߣҾӦýߵĳҪգ۾ܷ·Ҫ˹ǾӦѾִ½ˡ



453 Ȼץ

ľһֱǰ濪·һֻ̣Ҫһɽǵг̾Ϳ΢ˡ
֪أҲԣ»ȸ½ڣǲиģϾ
һŤͷ㿴廨ŵǧѩ
ϾʥŮϹԲ̶УǱ־ȫˡ䣬һӣǧѩͱǰ
ǧ˫֣Ƥۣ̳һѪֱۣŪʮ¸ûϵħ
Ҫȥǧѩšüʵ
Χʱ򣬲֪Ȼεˣʱ㱻ǿˡ
ֽţɹһǣţֱܴ衣
ȻǴʥŮȥ½ˡЦȾһ
Ҳȥ½ǧѩô󺰴УƽҲȫȻˣȸ½ʥŮǾôңͲ±¹ɣ
ʱһ·Ҫɽˡ
˵̲סЦֻҪɽִ½߾˵ǵı»л𣿡
ǧѩ򴽣ͷҲŲѣǴȥ½ʲô
ѪѪѽֵڴ䣬һĨȣܽϹԲ̿ʱ½ͳ½
ѹԸֻ²ʵˡ
ʱһŮɽϴ
ǧһذɴȹվɽ֮ϾӸĵǡ
ǰͷľ˲½Ų˸Ų˼顣
Ҳɵɴ˫ǧվŵǺʱȫѪҺѾ̣Ҳֹͣˡ
ǷΡ
վ»£Ȼ裬˵ϣȫ̹ǡ
ѽŷΣգۡ
ʦڴ˵ء
ǵļƻΣǶͨյҳţ±˷Զ·Ϊǵļƻ޷죬ȴ֪οһУɽȺˡ
ʦôڴ˵أתһ飬ʵ
ľŻǰҪ
θ֣ӸµضǣʥŮϹԲ̶ˣΪѰұ˵أҲҲˡ
ҧͼǧѩ
ǡ
ǧѩþȫһѵֱۣһܳеʦǽҰߵģʦһҪΪ
γȥһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧҲһۣԴ֮ɫǸ߹Ȼܽػھͬһ俪ܽأȫȻûյɫʡ
ңˡ
ѼѾزסˣƹˤʦһ֪ǽ˺͵ߵģ
ڷ죬ǰֻǲ²⣬¾ȷˡ
˵ţֳǧѩϿһۡ
ӴĿ⣬ǧѩʦڿʦΪ˾ģʦȻģ
ǧѩ֮࣬ȫǧĴڡ
ǧ㶢ŷΣ΢Щˬ
ΪԼŮӣ뾹ͬ졣
ҧһѽǧѩ󣬵ǵѾ¶ʦΣ
˵úܹٷ¶ᡣ
һΣ˱ǿɲǼ˵飬½飬Ͼдȣʱȸ½϶һʡ
ʦܷͨһ¡ѹЦ𣬵ϾѾ׷ˣҲʧʲôβ»ˣ
νû˵
ᳶ꣬ĮĿֵʦĻ£ӦòΪǵİɣ
û˵
ǱŵǧѩЩˣɤӵʦҪŹǣһ㶼ܣһҪǵõͷͷ
ǧЩŵգգ۾
ԭԼ߹Ůû뵽ҲøЩˡ
ô죿ǧ̲סʡ
δǺȻǡץɱ¶ᡣ
ѱΪλһʱǷŵ
ȴλʦеĻҪӲһ鲻ڻĺҲƺûĵģЩ䡣
ʦҪ㣿ٴοڣƺҪʱ䡣
ľ϶ָ⣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
οľеĶƤӶûգһ¡

Ѿһ룬Ƿ˵Ҳֻʱ䣬Ŀıܣǧѩһܡ
Ŀ񣬺ҹʹһɫ
ҹ⣬ںڰ֮С
η䣬һȥйǽġ
üһ䣬̾ʦЩءΪһԸ𣿡



454 ֻе

Ťͷһľ㶯֣
ľѾõִҪϣʱ򡭡
һӰԴڹֻڵӻ֮ͽľеڵأ
ľȻɴ˫ۣһŤͷͿҹվһԣȫ֮ɫҲ֪ǴĶڳġ
ѼڵأõڵأǣʦȻҵСı
û˵ʾҹ˰
ҹ̾Ͷˣ֪εҲûô
ǰǧѩɰ
ǧѩһͲ˵λУ޵ʦղˣһΪԼᱻ½Ҳزȸ½ˡ
ǧѩקŷε½ûҪֵ˼
üۣɫѿǳ
ǧվһԾţΪŴŮӴ֣ǧѩΪ󵨣˼ҷ˵УûаҪֵ˼
ǸΣƿʥŮ㱧źҸ֣ܿ
ǧָ⣬籩ʱᱬһ㡣
أʦҺ°
ʦ֡
ǧѩڿޣڵ鶯˫˿̹飬ƽʥŵҲ˼֣ţرб
üһ㺧˺˪
֣ǧѩָͷһһʥŮأҾֻǳְûбʲô˼
еĴʧǧѩ㶵ģҲһһյ
أ
Ѳɣ˵Ǹŵ֮
ʧģǧ䴽Ц𣬺ڷνƿˣȻĻԼҲᶯֵģ
ȻʥŮѾ£ԼվɡηӸµضǧѩ
ӴĺĿ⣬ǧѩŴ꣬㶵վ
μ㲻ٹߵǧԣʵҹ¶أ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷĿдżЦ⣬Ҳ䣬𣿡
֣ǰ鷢ڶ󣬵Ҳ䣬𣿡
ǧգգ۾İǶħץסˣôģϾܻȥˡ
οɫ˫мɫ
ǧҲеЦڸ
ǧѩȻɴ۾ŷǧĴڡ
ôҲڣ
ʦ£ȻߣǵĹϵõֵزˣ
֪ǧѩ򴽣˲Ӭһܷǳ
ҧгݣͷʱּվɫ£һðģҲ·˭޷뵽м䣡
ǧѩָ⣬˫ͨ졣
ôˡﵽʲôõģԻõ
ǧѩôҲ벻ͨ˫ǧգգһ¡
ܵĿ⣬ǧûаӰ죬ͷ˵Цһ˲·Ҹһ
ǧѩ˫ŤҪ˵Щʲôȴֲ˵
ʱҹ˰ú˹ӣѾ˰ˡ
˲ͷãǱȥɡ
䣬һ˦ͽڤٻ
޴ͷ֮ϣֵǧѩһ˲ʧ̬
ŷԼϹɽһȴȵ˵绪ʵǷӣܹ
£ָ⣬Ȼһƽϡ
˶ڤС
ܿ켸˱ص˻ʹſڡ
νڤٻأֽֿǧϣҪȥһ鷿ұ£лͤɡ
ģ̌˿ɫѾˣҪʥ
Ҳԣ͵֮ǸոץסģӦ֪ʵ۲ǡ
ȥɣɵЩɫˡǧһΣͻȻЩ΢ҵ½Ǹղǧѩקɵġ
һɫҲ
ǰ
ɫ֣ε½ŪãЩȥɣҵ
οϸ۵С֣еɫƺŨ˼֣Ӧһ
ǧѩһģòѪ
ȥʹѣбҪᣬģ
ЩȥɣȻͤˡǧ˵ţת뿪
һ뿪еɫȥˣǧѩһƬͬһȥ¡
ǧѩ㶵صһͷ
ãҪñΪ
һ仰Ҳδ˵ǰͷ
ҹѺ˽
ǧѩǵȶԼҧ˫ȹĵظȥ
ΪԵʣԾţҪٹһʱȫðɡ
鷿Уɻʵ۲ڣ鷿ſڵĹ¹Ѿȥˡ
ûãʵ۾Яǧϻδȥĺ쳱֪˸ղڵЩʲô



455 Ұȫͻȥ

ʵۿһɳƣʦղŹµĹͬ˵Ѿץ͵֮ˣ
ףǵı¡
ʵߣźЦЩޣ˭⼦֮£
վڻʵԵǧͻȻ򴽣һ㿴ס˫ֵѺľ
ǾȻץסˡ
ǧɴ˫ɫɷףһǲὫԼɡ
µģǰˡָ֣ǰѺľ
ʵ˳ָķȥ˲ڵ
ʦ˵¶ģʵˣǰЩӻ˵Ҫͬȸ½֣תȴּ֮£ʵš
ǲţʥŮνƸǧѩ
ǧѩȻ£ʦ˵òȷ½λʹŮȥģһҪΪŮ
ʵͷ΢΢һ
汻β¶ˣ½λʹ⣬ȴ֪Ǿ˼ȡ˺뿪Բ̴Ӷͳ½
뵽˴ʵ۾Ҳеɫѹ޽һ½Ϊ㲻˵㸸ʲأΪα
ѱţԵüΪǱɾֹ֮ڹԾûѵȷʥŮˣҲϹԲһߣĿġȻ뷨˰ɡ
ʵŭһһ
޿ֵվ룬ȫ»ʵۻὫΡ
ʵ۽ѣֵֻ½һӣǵĿı뿪Բͳһ½Ұġ
üѵͳһ½𣿡
ʵ򴽲
ֵۣ½õѪѪ²Ҵţ½Ѿ֪ͳһ½ǲܵġ
㡭ʵ˫Ǻ죬һƱϣ޶Ҫ
˱ȷɵϣһ˲ǱѪ
ѿ˼ұߵնѾˡ
ľˣĿؿʵۣ£½Ĺ㶯˽̣Ͳŭ½𣿡
ʵıˣϵڵİתһСС½Ȼ˲дȣǧɽ½𣡡
㲻ҡѲϵѪգ޿ֵºڰڰ񣬱Ҫս±ػͿ̿ʱڰڰһţ½ҲͰˣҪȸ½ҲܵشӦ뿴ɣ
˻е
ʵ̾Ͳ˵ˣüͷҲš
½ƻˡ˰Σʵſڣͳ
䴽Ц𣬡л¿佱
ʦ˵¸Σʵƽ飬οȥ
վһ࣬Įɣ¹УҲдȣ㹻ɿ½ҪƷͳǳأ˷ԴҲ½˺Ƥ
ð취ʵüЦ
Ѻľһۣнһɫ
ǻҪ½ҪԴͳǳأɶ񡭡
ҧҧǸʳ谮ĹϾǸŮ޷ȣΪǳغԴʱصԼ½϶ۡ
Ҫ
͵ؽͷ̧𣬵ֻѰǧѩȴδϹԲҵһϹԲ̣ͿЩǷŻȥɣ򡭡
һ٣δ˵ȥ
ɻʵȴе˼˫ǵͨ죬вޣ
Цη壬ֻľȫص½Ϳɡ
ʵ۶ѣһʱ侹û˰취
ϹԲҪĲĻһ취ûС
£ֻ½̧ؿŻʵۡ
ʵŤͷٴΣʦΣ
û˵һߵǰͻȻĿⶨָĿռָϡ
Ѿʲôŵָֽס
νľٶ۵ףϹԲ±ĿռָУռָǩԼûͷĶ˭Ҳò
һ㶣ЦʦԲ̵ȷڽָУҲԸ⣬˭ò
ƹˤ·Ȩһ㡣
̧һʤĿ⿴ŷΡ
ζĿٿ̾˿ֿٽָϵĽָȡ¡
Ѽָᣬͷһһ뵽ָͬѾԼηˣʦȡѵĽָΣͷϹԲȡġ



456 ԽԽɰ

ûһֱָۣ̽ȥ
˷εľٶͣȵڵ
Ȼܽ̽ȥ
ô
ǽָˣʲôǰ
δףƼѾϹԲȡղ˵Լ·Ͳһ㡣
νϹԲ̽ʵУ£ϹԲѾҵ±Ժ½̸ˡ
ǰϹԲ̣ʵЩùԲ̱棬ϹԲ̣ϹԲ̣ʦȸ½ˣ
βĿȴ䵽ϡ
Ѿ𾪵˵ɫҲмֲ԰ףŴ꣬ʦΪܽ⿪ҺͽָԼ㾿ʲôˣΪλ
βǸͨ˶ѡ
ҧһ仰Ҳ˵
ʵ۶ѣˣѹľƫϼӿܡ
ƫǻʹΪƫƧĵط乬ʲ࣬ǹҲ˼ûǹҲ㲻ˡ
ȵȱ¡ͻȻڡ
ʵЩĪʦк£
οѣʵ֪ѹνʥŮߵģô˫۾¹
лʦ佱ѽеľ£ָܿƽʵܼ򵥣ʱʥŮһҩˮҩЧҪʱҾľʹ÷ϵħŷ֮ʱҾŻ˯ȥǧѩ֪ȴǱʦסˡ
˵еȴǾЩ֡
ҪɣصҪ˽ӦСȻ纣˭Ӧǣ
ʵüͷȻͬ
һʶǧ⿴ȥ
ǧĿ⣬ŵɫɷףҲ
ѿ˼ۺ󣬱㽫ĿջأûκͬЩҺľһģ޹ء
ǧһ
Ŀ䣬һֱѲţ𣿡
ȻǵģҲûҪƭ˰ɡЦûаҪ¶Ե˼
ۣЩ
ƿĿ⣬һ޿ֵģ
ʦ㻹ʲôҪ𣿡ʵ֮󣬱һǷ
£ɫ
ο˿ɫû˱£Խ˹ƫˡ
ʵֳ鷿⺰һ
ûãǰ˹Ѻȥ
һ뿪͵¼Ҳһ䣬ʵÿϣ´ʦйǴʦۿλʹҰģǵóѣ޵ȸ½Ҳ
Ӧġ΢΢䣬˵š
ʦҪʲôʹͣʵ鼫ã޲ýʹͶ͸Ρ
ǧ΢΢Żʵ۵Ĵȵ£ʦιʵ̫ʹʲôĶҪϸһⷿеЩ챦ʵЩ䲻ϴʦ
ʵͷʦ˵Ҫʲôʹͣ
룬˵ܲǷţҸ֮Ҫ
û뵽˵ʵסȴͻȻʦҪαΰɣɫЩˣʦҲûȥЪϢ˰ɣ
ֿ˿ɫͦˣҲ֪ǸСѾͷ᲻ſ˯ˡ
£иˡ΢䣬뿪
ǧѩѾˣҲ˸£ŮҲ뿪ˡ
ȥܿҵ˷εټ׷ȥʦŮлͬ˵
ζ½ŲӸµʥŮ˵ʲô
ǧѩ˫˺һ׳ӵʦŮŮʦгԷ֪ʦɷ
γܾʥŮӦ֪Ҳϲţ̫Ը˽ύҲΪְڣʥŮҪϡ
䣬ξͷ뿪ٸǧѩ˵Ļᡣ
ǧѩıӰҧ
صͤƿţ뷿ǧѾ˯ˡ
ڱУֻ¶һëСԴ˫ȾһۺɫСźһһģɰǳ
ߵߣϵļ
ϸۣȣִ֡
οãϱ˯ˡ
ڶգǧʱַβڣֻԱЩͰ͵ĺۼˣֻûѡ
Ȼ˯ôλ˶֪
ǧЩյץһͷϴ
ϴʱǧ佫ױ̨µһ򿪡
вһҳ鼮źʲôϹŶҳЩ𣬷Ƶĺۼ
˵˵ܾЩء



457 ʲô

ǧǱ鼮֪ΪξҪһĵĳ嶯
̿ˮҲ鼮಻ֱֽ࣬鼮ִִҳϵĻҳĸɾ
ɲǣ̳裬ֵǧıӶЩģͣش磬֮۾ľֻСƵġ
ǵģû½ʲôӺᡣ
ǧӣҳϵĻҳûˣֽŽҳһҳǧ㾪
Ȿϼźöණƽ鼮ûеģܽⱾ鿴͸Ƨ֪ʶʱڸ½ߣ͸Ӧˡ
ǧϲؽҳһһŷŬ֪ʶ
ҳʱǧָһ
澹йѪѪ飬ҼصüΪϸƽ˵ĺδ˵涼мء
û뵽ξֺ顭ǧҳϵĶ֪ΪξѪѪȤˡ
ſţĿⶨסˡ
ǿϹԲ̣ѪѪ֮˵ĺ󱳴᳤Űͬʱ󱳴ֱհĸоǧ鼮ϵĶٿͷһȻ뵽ǰЩӵ顣
ϣͻȻú󱳴Щۣ鼮ϵһ
ǡϲûʲôŰˣỳԼӵѪѪ֮ˡ
ˣǲˡǧ鼮ϣŻصԭ˼ǧѩǱβʵѡеˣϹʲô
䣬ǧ°վ滹ʲôŰ
ǴΣĺ󱳴Ļġ
ǧһȴǵֵסеĺУֱӳԼ½󣬽·£˲䣬۵ļӳͭС
ŤͷһԼĺ󱳴⻬ۣʲôŰ
𡭡ʧЦһؿϡ
ʱһڶ
ǧδü·ϣͼδ룬һϮ·绪˫
ŷΣһʱҲ֪Ρ
βһͿ޵Ļ棬˼ΣֿٽŹϣƲƼ
ʲô۵ļͷʵ
ǧһϣæҵؽ·ϣŹͻȻֱַЩˣԼһ¡
˵˫һֲ֪İɫʡ



458 ûоŰ

󱳴ֻˣʣ鼫Ϊࡣ
ǧΪǽԼЩУ򴽽Ŀⶨڱ𴦣ţͻȻЩĸоҲ֪ôˡ
ҿ˵ţαǰ
δǧӦξһѽ½󳶿
ӼΪ³ںʲôһ㡣
ǧľٶһӦʱѾڶ󱳴ˡ
ʲôǧֵһ治֪㾹㳶·Ⱥãôҵĺ󱳾ÿ
ĵ٩޶ԣһֱĺơ
ֻĺ󱳹ۣûоŰĺۼˣβ˿
ú󱳻𣿡䣬ξͽָĺ󱳴
ɲǣһĨϮ֪ΪǧüΪŴ꣬糺죬ȴǵаɣ΢Щġ
ôͻȻˣζĺ󱳣ôҲ벻ͨ͸
ϹԲڱУڰӦûôõҲûгκѲϴµĺ֢
򴽣󱳵
ǧĿŪûڣֻһ£󱳲ֵļȫ¶ڷУʵЩ˵ĺܡ
Ҳ֪Ϊλӡǧ꣬ٿתתЩˣҰ·ϣɺã
͵Σ֣һ㽫á
ǧԼģȴû뵽͡
üֻۣͷͣʲôҪһ㡣
ϸϸ½ãָ⻮ǡ
ܵϴ⣬ǧһӣ־һд꣬ŬԼȥƽǳ
ãŽջء
ǧϸָʵյˣ
μ񲻴㰲ϣ½ǹƫУڳϺʹҪ½ҪЩʲô
ǧܿ£ôҪʲôأ
ɲǣڶ߻صҪǧнħ޾䡭һħ֡
ħ֣ǧ΢΢һ
εħ֡



459 Ҳ

ǧסеľڵ伮Ͽ½ħһɽɽг˸ɫҩݣ潫ħУͺñȶһ֮ߵҩݣ˲Ҫ˵½ĻʵۻӦ𣿡
νеĶ£ǻԹЭġ
ǧü˻
εǰƣʵϲŮĻλľǷˡ
˵½ս֮˲࣬ʵΪ󡣡ǧ˵˴üѲɣλľ½ܴˣ
Ӧһټһ½ΨľһܴľʵȻԹԾͷ½᧿Σ
ǧЦȻľܴΪνǲ˴ʱᱩ¶顣
ŲˮҪһͳ½ֻǲ֮ˣǲһЩģҲͲ鷳ˡ
ǧụ̈һ½ǿȻ֮˶û٣ǵĻʵҪѪˡ
ЦȡҶʼݲ衣
ǧݲˮĶˮԻŻʵЩӣݵˣ
ЩˡεٹЩӱȫ˰ɡ
ǧ֮ȥ¥ܺȾơԲˡ£ɺã
üĿͣá

ǧ⻹Щ
ȻûнҲֻʱģһ˿ڣô˽ԼָǺã
ǧ⼱תȴ벻һȻ
뵽Ҫɱڣиսľ޷֣ᱩ¶Լʱɾˡ
֮ʱһӰִӴд롣
ҲЩʱգ㾹ȻŪһ㣬ʵ΢ͳڶ
ǧһ㶣ͷʱ㿴վڹ롣
һϮ˳Ⱦ˸µǺģ
ǧȴǴ󺧵ôˣ
ǲǲ뽫һ㣿Ŀһٿһ
ǧŵѪɫȫȥҲӵģвҵģ˵һУҲҺܻ桭



460 һ޷ȥı

ߣԼ²˿ǻá
ǧɫףһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
вֵϹԲǲڻʵУ
ǧ΢㶣漴ŵ˵ͷǵģϹԲڱС
жٴЦԭûһϹԲУԲڻʵУҪȡɾЩˡ
ǧü۵ʹһ仰Ҳδ˵
Խͳǧ⣬Ϊһˣû뵽ûãЩ֪㲻Ǻڰˡ
ǧͷһ˳ֱָ⻰Ǻ⣿
һмıҸġвƣɫ̶ͬң¶ڱǧҵԶûз֮ա
ǧ򴽲
ʱͶ·żڰģһ룬СӾñǰҪûеĸַԸǾ͸ˡ
ʱͶ·ŴӦµġǧҧѾõҪģҲ˺ö飬ԷŹ˰ɣ
ڰ᣿пٿЦ
ףǧֻЩëȻǵģ룬ԼӣҲսľˡ
ֻЦ
ǧ򴽣ֵŹҺòáΪѾˣ治ٺͺڰκιϸ𡣡
ٿϣֱӽǧ½˺
ɲǣ׾ļ¶ڿС
ǧһ죬ŵֽסҪʲô
°ɡ
δǧⷴӦоͽֻֽסֻ־ٵͷλã˷ٶôƬۼ¶ڿС
ǧŤӣ㵽Ҫʲô
ڳһַֻشļϸۣϸܿиɫı־
­ͷһĺɫ־ͷ·ǳԶĨȥ
ָǣǺڰıǣһӸ㣬ԶĨȥ˵ڰǾ޿ܡ
ǧⴹ㶵ؿԼشıǡ
ǵãʱиһҩ裬Щʱشǣһʼ⣬²֪Ǻڰıǡ
һ޷ȥıǡ
ǧۿһ죬Ϳˡ



461 ħ

нſɭͳħףˣ
ǧˤڵأһʱɢնһż
оӸµضǣ˻ҺڰˣһӾ㣬ʱ㣬ħͬ
Ҫǧס䣬Ͳ
иӣٿͷḧֻҪԹǺڰǲģʲôģǾ;Ի֮ء
ܵͷϵĴǧŵһӡ
ħĴ
ˣһú£㲻Ҫɱҡǧӣڱȫѱˣ˿̾һҳˡ
ԡԴǾٶͷ·ڶԴһ
ǧЩ죬ʵʲô
дӿռȡһƿҩݵУҺڰƵĵҩѰһǧѩЩҩ
ǧѩ£
ǧָⲻһʲôҩҸˣӦ°ɣ
ºȻǵġп˵ţܾма֮⡣
ǧҧ̲סʣǣǶӰ𣿡
һ䣬ȴĵֵǣֻǻľѣ㻹ʲô𣿡
ԴɤǧŵҡͷûˣһὫⶫµġ
ҩƿռָѾһζǧѩ飬һҲ޷
ˣһҪͻȻֿˡ
ǧеһʲô飿
дսĶߣϹԲ̴ӻʵûһá
ǧⱾܵؾܾеģٽϹԲȡһɵġ
жĿ̣ȡҪ뾡취ȥȡβûʵۻ㣬¶ˣֻΡ
һ취ġǧⴹڰҩƷĶܸ࣬ܲЩ־ҩԱʱ֮衣
иһҩƿӣҪҩ
ǧӹҩƿͻȻ뵽Լ½󻹴ţʵ̫߳ˡ
ٽ½ϡ
Ը飬пһ۾ȥ



462 ҧҧ

ǧվһԣ׵ɫЩ塣
ħףҲΪħ
һжǧģݣ
ͤ
Ʒǧһ磬ҲЩġ
ǸȾ纮Ѳɣʲô˵ˣ
ǧͷ
̧ƤӣʵôˣǸȾ˷纮
ǧҡͷûиȾ纮ֱʲô˵˰ɣûµġ
ؿһۣ䣬պȥҪഩһЩøȾ˷纮
ĹģǧǲＸ֣֪ˣһעġ
ΰŲ豭㲻ٿڡ
ǧ˫ֳͷһ˲˲ضüۣٿʵΣֻȸ½Ĵʦ𣿡
΢ֱֱһʲô
ǧգۣ˳ĽëҲ֪ܾģӦܶɣ
ζúΰڵպ֪ġ
ǧü˵бݣ
۾΢ҵʲôȤһ㣬պʲôʱ죬죬Ǵ죿
ͻȻ֣ḧ֡
ϵı˲Ϯǧеػһ
޳ָ̲ס콫һҧס
ССҧϸϸʹָϣû뵽ˣҲŽ˽һŷӳ˹
ڳһֻ֣Сǳϲҧˣ
Ҳϲҧˣǧü˫ڰ׷ȾһĨڷʱ򣬲ϲҧˣϲ˼ѪΪԼֻع
ЦüĿ֮ͷǳ
ǧҲʿɶֹܿ㽫ָɿˡ
οָϵССӡƺøˣҪʹͣ˵ǷŴպ뵽Ҫ
뷨ǧ̲סͷ
οֵϲʹͣҰҪ

ǧ㶵ؿΣȻҪʹ͵ĺûø
죬úſڵʲôҪľ͸ȥ˵㲻ù˼ҵġ
򴽲
ǧ֪뷨Ҳûп˵
ҩʦƿͻ𣿡βͻȻôһ䡣
ǧعδͻƣѾ֪ˣӦþĽס



463 Ҽҷͬȥ

ǳܲ
ǧһ̣СģżΪ
ο
ʱһ
ƿ
ҹͽŴ򿪣˽ӣղűߵĹ¹ǰ˵ھȥ鷿Ѿ鷿еˡ
ѾԤϵʵΪʲôûа顣
֪ˣھȥ
ҹûڷжܿͳȥˡ
ҹһߣǧʵڽȥΪλʹ𣿡
Ӧǡƿϵʱ򣬱¾Ѿӱ½ȥżӦյ˰ɡ
»дʲôǧֵڴ䡣
οڣȥˣ֪ˡ
Щȥǧ룬̲סֲһ䣬ҵ㡣
ͫһʲôû˵
鷿
νȥʱʵ۾ѾȺˡ
䣬ǰʵ£½Ļʵۻˣ
ʵָָϵżһĨŭżϣʦԴԼ
νϵż򿪣˼кϵıûб仯½ѾӦǵ󣬲ҲЩҪ󡣡
ʵŭдȣǾţָôʦһ½ȡħ֣˳λʹȫ͵
䣬ʵصһϣ½ű޲Ӿ˵²̸ˣʦ˵ˣ
οżԲ
ʵ۵ੲݣʦ˵Ҫ
ʵҲû˵ȥ½ȻҲˡ
޷ͻȻȥ½Ҳ޷͵ȥ羰ˣҼҷһͬȥ
û뵽Ӧɴ࣬ʵЩסһŷӦ˹ȻǴʦҪޱ׼ˣɴʦҲ̫ãȸ½ҲкöҪȥ
ε֪պˡ
ʵߣź룬龹˳Щ̵ġ
£ȥˡ΢䡣
ʵӦһ
γȥ󣬾ֱӻصͤ
գͬȥһ½һӣôһ䡣
ǧƺһ¯ҩͻȻô˵ָҲŲ˲ôͻȻҪȥ½ˣҪ²˳



464 ȥ½

˳λһתֵżָҪһλʹȥ˳ҪĶû
Ȼˡǧ°ͣ½ҲһЩӣôʦԽ˻ͣԽȡأӲҪ̫󡣡
βϵıȫޱ仯
ǧ֪ӣֵɣżָҪȥȥ᲻᲻ã»᲻˵Щʲô
ᡣƶѾͬ´кȻͬ⡣
ǧ΢㶡
ȥ½ҪԼһͬȥ
ǧüϷεļͷЦͲסįȥ½ҲҪһͬȥǲû˯Ű
βͫȴ
ǰ˯ò̤ʵһЩ˯ͦá
ǧһɺһִ˼£һģȤ
ϣΣδʡ
ǧգգ۾һʱҲ˵һȻ
ţɢȶȣů
ڶգҪȥ½ӡ
ǧֻϿй½Ľܣδȥ֪ΪξЩ˷ܡ
νˣͷҲͦˣҲЩȥתתɸı뽫ߡڰѾע⵽ˣԼһߣڰ˿϶жʱֻ¾ܻҡ
ֻнߣȥЩǣ
ǧ֪ЩʲôֻǾŶļӰ
ǻʵۺǧ⡣
мѺλʹ첽
¡΢΢
ʵۿʦȥ½࣬ޱΪӷϴ
ף鷳ˡ
ʵҡҡͷֵʦЩɣɫ·Ͳˡ
ٴף漴ڤٻ
ʵ΢㶣ԼϹǳֻգ֮ʾܵ½
ǧⶢͷľһ𾪡
ȻϹǷ﾿ʲô㣬޸ˣ
ǧǧеɫԾû
£ƣһǧ۵ġ
硣ϵǧִһ磬˹ˣ˭һֱ
δӿռָȡһ·ϣŰɣʱЩˡ
ǧ½ǣɫΡ
ʱڤʣܱаڲƯķҲ֮
ѼҪãɳ٩ΪʦǸ֮ˣȴԼķãʦҲĵİɣ
εĿӹǧͶϣˣģ
ҲǡЦЦ㲻˵
ǧѿһۣǰЩӻݹĹûվͱ˲٣Ҳżġ
ƸܵĿ⣬ҲĿͶ˹ʦĹϵãǳʹ½Ҫš
ǧǷޣϵȻҪá
Ľһ
ǧѹԼķ㲻ˡ
Ҳԡѳһ㲻˵
ڤķٶȳ죬գ֮ʾȻ½߾
ѿϤľͫζǻˡ
ǧ鿴ֲɫؽĿջˡ
ֹһڵִ½
ѴŵַǷʮﳤ֣ͷǲͣ
ǧŤͷ̲ס˵ѹƺȰԼء
΢㶣һſڵǵģҺȰԼļ硭
ǧĿٿЩȻȰΪҪ飬һزˣǸΣ
ѳס֪λش
ǳĬԵľ̲סȵú͹˵
ǧüûľһۡ
ǷΣϵ˲¶ѹľ
ʦס֣ľҲġ˵ţѲǧΪҵĶŮܻôһЩѣϲԼļ磬üǿķȻ岻ݴǡ
ǧЦ𣬡¸ҡ
ףл佱
ʱڤѾͣϿա
΢Ƥӣֳſ̾źЩˡ
ʦѵĸʺͳдǡҲ˵µЩ
ḧڤԴڤȥɡ
ڤ£ƾˡ
һ˲ɳ裬һХ
̾ڳſڵһϯһⱲӶûмͱɵˡ
죬ȻϹıǴʦˣ
ǴʦΡ



465 ĲƷ

£ڸ£΢ȥȫĵطɡ
һλϳطȫæʵ˵һߡ
ܿ죬Ҳ˿ˡ
֮ڤ䣬ٴμɳһƬ
ɳɢȥһϯ˲Ŵ
βܿ콫ڤսħ޿ռ䡣
ڤһߣ䶯ûôˣɸղµӡʱƺ޷Ĩȥˡ
ʵϳĲǰⲻȸĴ½Ĵʦɣ
ε
ʵϴЦ˵ʦһ뾹Ȼᣬȸ½Ի
½ľҲǲס
ʵߣź룬Цÿʦ˵
β
ʵֵ޽̵޷ʹȥȸ½͵ڼӦ˺ܴŰɣ
εá
ʵ˵εӣҲûôƽϣʦȸ½ıô˵ǲǼΪ
εɺܵ㲻صģȸ½ɽãı䡣
ʵһ˿һͿվһԵǧ
ʦλǣ
Ҽҷˡλش𣬴ǧʱЩ͡
ʵ΢㶣ȻǷεķˡɲŮò
ף
ǧʵۿȥȾһ㵭Ц⡣
ʵ˵ţּΧԣֿ˵ʦʦˣֵط˵Ҳ㣬ѾΪλ׼˾ƲˣλƼݵС
εЯǧС
ʹҲǽ̻Ի͵ģһ뵽Уһɰ֮
ʵϣָָ±ߵλãʦ͹ʦɡ
ʼʵ۶ûпѺľһۡ
ҧɫ˼֡
ľԣοõģ±ֻͷϣЩˣˡ
ήңϣ˰ɡ
ʱǧͷȻʵۼ£ù𽫲ȫ
һ˲룬˵ζҲ֮Ǽ⡣
ǧͷ˿Ʒÿȶḻ£治ǻʹ
Щ½ĸɫƷϣʦ͹ʦܹϲѾ룬ʵһƳ±ߵ˿ȥ
ҲִƱȺܺá
䣬˱㽫ˮһ



466 ǲٰ

ʵ۸¾ƱЦʦ͹ʦ˳ȳ԰ɣ˾Ͳóˡ
ε
ǧζ˿ӣҲִ
һڣ½ĲƷ治ĲƷƫģоô
ܺóԣμԵúܻʵ̲סʡ
ģ̌ͷһƬۺɫСҲޱȣζܲйŨζܾرĿθ
ε½ʳȷЩƫġ
ǧһۣ뵽ƽԵ嵭ͿʵܳҼƽԵüΪ嵭Ҫ¸׼Щ嵭
޷ΰڰֵܳģصؽȥ׼ˡ
˷£ǧͼһڳԣɣƤӶûգһ£ܳסġ
ǧٹسԡ
γ˼ۣʱʳӺˡ
ƹѲͻȻ̧˵ʦ뷨Ѿ֪ˣҲѾ׼ҪĶ
θ¿ӣĺڵ˫ֱֱʵۡ
ʮ㣬ʵ۶˫֣ܿм̵ĹС
̷ŵʵǰ
ʵ۽ϵĺ첼ƿʦıǽǧһЩħ޾ˡ
̧ϵЩҲ֮ӳС
ʵ룬ֽһƽͳʦħֵƣħŽΨƲܿ޽ƸζŽħ͸ˡ
˵ţ漫ۡ
Ϊܹͳһ½ȴ뾹˷۱ʵڽ˲ܡ
ʵһٺֵʦЩ飬ЩԲԣ
γеƿȥȷǿħֵƣδ١
ЩԡĿջأĮ
ʵɬĴ꣬˺һŵǿЩЩ͵ʦǰ
̽͵ǰ
ţǧ㱻ǧϹ۾
ǻʵۣ־£
ֽЩ˶һ£ŽǷ˿ռָС
ʵʹǳٵģһ뵽лϹǰû˵һ˾ɱƵħޣЩħ׶ǳʮ׵ĻС
½ıͲ̫ܴһ˷Σʱǿ϶ᱻ˺ģ
ʦپһơʵ־ӣͼþƾԼ
ҲƱһǱԾûбһ¡
ʣӲþٺһЩưɡѳѣСɫļһЩΡ
ʵ۳һۣһ仰û˵ֿʼȾˡ
򴽣ɫЩѿ
ĸʣȻ޷ԭ
ͷһһˮǣܿЩ⡣
ǧһۣͦġ
ΪҪеҴ£һûɾҪۣܰĽ
ʲôδʵ
ǧҡҡͷе뷨ȫ˦ûʲôԾЩˡ
֣ͷḧٹһⳡͽˣһ¡
嵭翣ȴ˸ⰲģǧţֻû¾ͷ·ˮһɾͨ͸
ֹһⳡǽˡ
ʵѾΪ׼˷䣬ǽ԰⹬λüãдЩԺ֮˵ġ
뵽Уǧ̾ͱĽɫһ¡
⹬Ǻǧ۾ſڵǽɫģܸоЩ۾
⹬԰λüãĲȻǶõġǳ˵ǲϲʵ۸ǻһ䡣
ǧᳶ°ڣ鷳ˣҲӦװˡ
áÿӣ߽ݡ
ǧ룬Ҳȥ
Ҫ½ãʡ
λա
ǧתתӣգȥʮﳤֹ𣿸ղڤȥĽֵǷ٣ȥ
վڹ𴦾ʢ⻪ɲ買ǳ
룬ȻǿԵģʱǻȥħп
˲䴫ϡ
ǧһ˫
ħгҩݣ΢μҲ˴ŵİɡ
áǧǰ̲סֱס˷ε׳ȥرио
λδӦͱһϵȶȣ̲ס۾ģΪܣã
ǧζţĺܺá
γ˳ḧʵԺǷЩʲôҲԶͤ𣿡



467 ֻеİ

ǧգգ۾ЩĪᷢʲô
ҡͷֻ֪һѡ
ǧֵڴ䣬ֻҪ㲻ҸߣұͤУҾͤͦá
ۣؿס˵Ļ
ǧ֪Ϊ࣬ܿӦһãһסġ
μĳֻ˳ǳ
ǧû϶˼ѡ
ĶԽ
ֻܵСԼβʧЦһǰ״Ҳ
Ϊ͵͵ģδͻȻ˵
ǧһŵýҵС˻ȥȫ֪˵ʲô
䣬ϣֻŴǻʼ֮
ְ˰ΧЦΣŴģҪҪһ
룬βߡ
£ǧִչȥëëŵץסͷһ
Ūţڵ˫һĨݡ

ǧҪϴЪϢ
ͻȻʵߵĹ̫˵ȥʵ޹ޡ
ǧһ˫ֱǽ뵽˻ʵ޹˵лὫϹԲ͵ʱҲĵˡ
æǽԼû֦չֽиҩƿӴϡ
һЩǵҩƷʱ϶ó
ǧ½ųʵ۵޹ȥ
ƿŽʱǧ⿴ʵ۴һɫǰȲ裬ҫ»ʵһϣЩˡ
ϵöԵˡ
ǧ⳯˼ۣвһЩ
ΪؽѧԺҲسԼȡλϻʵۡ
ǧһܿ㽫еѹ£ǰ£ˡ
ʵۼò鲻˼֣ºȱˮ
ǵı¡ǧӦŽ豭ִƷ
ҡҷ飬ʵ̿ˮܿͲ
ǰһѾͽǧᱧڻС
ǧ⾪һˮֱ߰Ȧס˻ʵ۵Ĳӣ£ļ
ʵ۽ϣһѣ뽫ѹ¡
ǧŤӣЩܾ£ȲҪ
㲻Ը⣿ʵۣ֮Щ졣
ǧҡҡͷִͳһŵҩǵı£ֻñ³ŵҩ
Ǻʵ۶ǰںڵĵҩ
ǧ⽫ҩݵʵߣǲҩǴӴģ˵öҩܹǿ壬٣Ǽòҩ
ȻʥŮĲҩ
ʵ۶ǰĵҩմȾ˼ȣȻҩôãޱ˰ɡ
˵ţʵ۾ͽҩ¡
£ǧ䴽Цеİɫһ
ѾȲˡʵ˵ţͽǧѹ¡
һΣǧδܾλϻʵ۲ȡ
Ҳ֪˶ãλϻʵ۲ͣ
ԱߴľȺǧҧҧϵ۸Уϼ·˴
Ÿһأǧ;˫һԵǽ棬ŲԼˤ
ϻʵۣ˾֪ƣһʵڶ
ǧҧ޹д
ôңҲϹԲ̡
ɶϹԲ̾ǧҧ̲סֹһ
㾹ȻϹԲ̣ʵŭͻȻϹԲʲô
ʵ۵ǧŵ̱ڵء
ղŻ˯ţôˣ
ǧ̿ˮеƵĻͷһ˲˻ʵ˫ŭ˫ڻ谵ƻԵú˷ǳ
ǧһϣʶסԼĲӣ»ʵۻԼ
£ˣôϹԲأֻѡ
޲ɵӣҲӡʵһضղ˵װף˵ǲǺڰĵǲǣ
˵ţʵ۾ͽסĲӡ
ˣ˵ǲǺͺڰһģǲǣʵ۱䣬µǴþˣһ˲ǧĲͳһɫպۡ
ǧͷһ˲䴭Żʵ۵˫֣ͼ˫ȿȡ³ûйڰᣬ㽫檷ſòã
ˣ˵ʵǲǹ˺ڰᡣʵŭȣвɺɫԵ
£ûСǧ˫ǵͨ죬ĺҲڽȥȫ¶һϢУҲıԵ
Ҫ
ҪΪϻʵ۵ҩЧδ
ǧÿҪȥʱͻȻϵѾʧ



468 ǰ

ǧһ㶣ֱſڵϿϵָһЩģ̌ϻʵۡ
ʱϻʵڵϣ˫еĺȥЩҲЩ㯣ͷ·Ǳʲôסһ㡣
ǧˣšüЦڰҩƷҩЧȻˣ
϶ϹԲĶǧŴ治⡣
ʵգգ۾ԹԽԲ̵λ˵ֱߵһƿǸأƿһϹԲ̱ⰵС
ǧش򿪣ɲһֱ㽫ϹԲȡߡ
ǧõϹԲ̺󣬱ٽⶫָռ䡣
һ֮ǧ뿪ͻȻһӰѹ˹
ǧŤͷ־ȻǸϻʵۡ
ͷһϻʵ۵ɫɴͣ˿޿֣϶·û˼㣡
˶ʵ۵͵ͻһ˫֮ںһȡ
һѽǧⱧڴϣ͵ؽ˺
ǧ⾪һҪϻʵ۵ǯƣȴҩϻʵǳ͵صɴ˫
Ѳɣҩ治ʧǵĹЧдĹЧ
ǧ˼£ֻĬĬš

ͻȻץ죬ɫҲͻࡣ
ܾøղźʲôõڷ
ǧץһа棬̧ʱɫ쳣ü̲סʣôˣΪ࣬뵽ʲô𣿡
βͷУΪⷬٶţɲǣһϸͷɢȴҲ
ûЩʲôοǰ״
ǧͬƻ̲סָǰǶ
ѺͼΪһ壬ȥʱֻ˿ļʲôܲ
ΪҶǰƯǧţЩ֡
û뵽ͻȻٶӲһһûл͹
ǧ˵̲ס˼¡
νëһŻ񣬵УҲ֪ΪΡ
ǧǳЦʣоʲôöϡ
οã˵ЪϢɣղȥ䳤ֹ𣿡
Ҫ䡣ǧЬϴҪȥ֣ҲҪȥħ֣Щ˵Ĳڡ
ʶḧŶǰڻζϵȶȣƬ̲ŵȻᷴڣҲЩ˯ɣ
ǧһ죬ôСˡ
ڶգ˹
ǧϴϣŷȥֹ䡣
ţԵüΪƢ
߳ʱ㿴ӭ˹
ǧǰһһͦצӡǱ˴ȥġ
һ˭Ҵ
Īʵۣ
ǧüװûϵצӡ
ʱҲǣЦ˹λȥ䣿
ǧѵһ½׼ȥ䳤ֹ䡣
ԭˡЦֹ⽫ͷУ½Ļȸвͬǽյȥһ
Ҫһͬǰȥ𣿡ǧͻȻʡ
һ㶣ҡҡͷˣɸѺЩѲҵ㲻λɢˡ
ǧϧǻǿϧ
ֵ´ΣԵ㡣
ǧҲӦһǾô˵ˣѹȥ°ɣͬˡ
վԶĿ뿪
˺ܿͳʹʮﳤϡ
ַǷɫӶţ˸ﲻ
ǧָ⣬Ц½ʵȻãϻֵͦģһ۱ܿ½ķ١
νӹʵ̫ãܻ⣬ħеҩܸǺܶԴ
ǧü£ǽħָȸ½Ҫˣ
ҡͷ֪׬ҵķɡ
ǧһܣȥĶ棿
νַŵͷʣȥʲô
ǧܿ˿ͻȻֶмһҲлȥ಻ɺã
εͷӦá
»˱䣬еĲţϻһЩɢķˡ
ǧͷֵɴӱ紵ʱϷ
һȦһȦÿ
ǧĿͶϣһֱͤУӦôδɣ
ζĿ⣬΢ǰɡ
ǧǳһЦΪˣɵúúÿˡ



469 ĸо

ε
ǧЦЦ㴹ͷʼԲˡ
ںƯһ紵׵һôһɾ¡
ǧԹ˱㽫Ӹ£ѾԱˣȥװϴ硣
΢̧ãһ㡣
ǧӦһװϣɲǣߵķ紵ĦһϸϸŷĴһʱֻ÷
紵һǧú󱳴Щ
񱻻һ㣬󱳴һĻڲͣӡ
ǧʶ󱳴ȥȴȫûʲôУֻĸоΪŪЩûվȡ
ô£
ĺ󱳲Ÿպãôֻĸоˣ
ǧҧ󱳴ĻвϮŪ˫ҲƬ̵롣
Ѳϻˣ
ǧҧ̲סһ
ܿ죬һȣ˾͵˼װϡ
󱳴ĺòǧֱ֣ͣƺֻиߣԽֻоһ󱳴Ͼͱʪˡ
ǧҧҧ뵽ǱϼصĹѪѪ顣
һϹԲ̿󱳴ͻ񱻻հ㣬ģ󣬺󱳴һŰ
ڴڻϣǧ뽫·󱳴ûоŰ
ôˣδ߳ǧڼװϣһ㶣ͷֲн
û£ǡףǧ뽫Լ˵ȴͻȻֵ߳һ̣ĺ󱳴Ȼˣһ¶û¡
֣ѲɸղŵһΣ
ڷεĲ£ǧվûһиղŵ
ʲô̲סϸʣܾûô򵥡
ȻѾˣǧҲ÷εģ˵һ΢ЩΣȻŵôһ͵ˣ¶
νҪ͸֮ųһȻΣǾȥɡ
ǧЩͷƤ飬˵ͷãǱȥɡ
˻ǧþӲˡ
ѲɣղδˣԣӲŻô
ǧ򴽣Ҳ׼Ǽϸ룬Ӻ棬Ӧò°ɡ
Ա㣬ȥħֿɺãǧοȥȥժһЩҩݡ
ο˼ħҩݷ࣬һʱᱻ˲ɹ⣬㲻㼱ȵġ
ǧһ٣ϵС˼ԡ
ٿ֡
뿪һƬɭΧΧ￴ǧƬɭֺܴҲƺȸɭֻҪء
ʵ۲ǸһƬ𣿡ǧûɭΧЩ棬Ҫôã
γԶһָ𣿡
ǧ˳ָķȥ㿴һΡ븮ۡӳľ֮䣬ţһ㶡
ƧĵطȻһۡգۣܾЩ˼顣
ǰ߽߱͵ۡʵרŽģΪͷҩ֮ߣۡԷ͵
ǧ󣬵ͷҪıأȻҪúòš
μ˵ۡڽʱ˺ܶĲϣûƿţǸȥġ
ǧеƣʵлһƣôܽˣ
ҡҡͷᣬۡĹֻһƣû֪ʱνۡģʶûóһơ
ԭˡǧЦ𣬡ǿħΨһƣɵúúòˡ
ο˫ڵЩ
ʱѾվ˸ۡǰ
ǧͷǰĸۡܿͷۡѰĸۡЩͬѰĸֳۡǰ̷ǳһƯ
ûƣֻ񶼷ɲȥ
ǧε°ڣǽȥ
νͳ˴ŴС
ûñáǲһصĴŻ漴ıһŨҩζ
ȫξǣ˽ȥ
һ뵽Уǧǰĳʱһ¡
ҩݵĺ
ȥȫͣдҩݣͬĵȼͬӦоС
ǧţ̲ס̾һֲʵҪŵطңҲὫطȥһ˿һ
βժȡһҩݷа档
ҩ࣬ҲɼȥӦòɣǧĺЩҩݻȥ֣ҺöռﻹûУ̫Ķˡ



470 ҵı

ɰɡοŲڷҡͷԵҩݣҩݹ࣬һЩȥҲᱻ֡
ǧһ㸩ʼժ
οеľٶĵʧЦһ
û˺ôСǿһ
ǧˣһʱժࡣ
ţҲû˵ʲôֻҪ˾ͳˡ
ǧժҩݶռָժ˼ꡣ
μǸ̰ĵСģǲ˼֣ǡɰĽ
ֲժ˼꣬ǧؽϵмĵ
ժˣʡ
ǧһ죬ժȻͲժˡ
ǳһЦ㲻˵
ǧ˼ۣٿһӲɫ
μɫԣͷһôˣʲô
ǡǧҡҡͷͻȻһϲɫ˫Ҳ鶯˼֣ôҩݣƿҪˡ
ƿ
νҲ˵Ҫˣ
Ҫ𣿡ǳʣĺڵ˫ϡ
ǧͷҪˣηҲûʲô¶һ¯ҩɣ굤ҩҾͿԽˡ
ȻǴӦġ
ưɣš
嵭翵ƮУǧŻһůֵͷãˣǾĵĻߡ
ÿۣϯضҲߡ
ĳŵǧһ㶣ȡ¯ҩݿʼͷҩ
ҩʱַ죬˳ʮָͷһ㣬ţ˲ͱסˡ
Ķ࣬
νǧĺڵз·һȣܿɢȥˡ
ûãͻȻһɫĹâǽ֮⣬ĽˣҩĹУ
μǵãռҩʦʱֻһף񣬾Ľ׵ҩʦˡ
ٶǱƼȻ鷳âȻδػƽ
ٴζƤӶգһ¡
ʱһҩζǧһ㽫ħˡ
Ҹղһ¯յû뵽ĽˡǧԼƣ֮кһĨЦ⡣
ǰͻȻͷ࣬Ľҩʦʱö¾͵ñɳɫˡ
ǧգգ۾Ŀ΢ʱÿµĽҶһЩ
һĵȴû˵Щʲô
ǧƺõյռУ·վҲûʲô¶ˣǻʹɡ
εǣֵã߰ɡ
ȥɫҲˣǳ극ʱ
ʵ۲ûаϯ˾һЩ
Եһ룬ǧٿе󱳴ִһոУ죬еĿҲ䵽˵ϡ
ı̡񱻻տһڻʱĸоҪǿһЩ
ôˣηĲԾüͷ
УǧŴ꣬ź󱳴ոпڵΣҵĺ󱳴̣Ҫտһ
䣬ǧ͵ץסԼǰ·̣ҪͲסˡ
̡ǧһܿ˹ȥ
ۼֿ죬ֱӾͽǧڻС
ֳ󱳴ȥٿڻһɫԨһ䡣
ĺ󱳺̵̣÷·Ҫ˵ļա
򴽣һѽ½󳶿
ɲǣ󱳴һǳľŰӡС
ζǶŰ˫产ˡ
ǵϹԲڻʵвţôתͷڲϹԲˣ
Īǣڰ˳ȥ½ڼ䣬͵͵ϹԲ͵ˣ
򴽣󱳴ľŰš
ɫǳǳģ˵ǵõѪҺ࣬ǵõ㹻ѪҺӷʢޣ
̡̣ǧץź󱳣ƺֱƤץ
ͷһٽ˫סץƤץ𣿡
ǧ˫գȴŴЩίẠ̊́оҪˡ
üͷڰ֪ٵѪҺ޷ϹԲ̿ģΪΣ
Īǣ뽫Ū
δضǧ
ǧž޴ļ尾Ƿ۵ڱòҰޱȣͬһŰֽ·һͱһ㡣
΢΢սָ⣬ʵڿȥˣͽĺ󱳴һűеעǧڡ
ܵϮǧߺ
θעͬʱɫӲҰס
ǰűѹסĲҲڴʱ



471 ô

ҧס꣬йζ
ҧأٴθǧע
ǺڰĿģǳɹˣ
޷ǧܵ尾עʹ÷ӿ죬Ҳڡ
䣬һ϶飬ȴӲ
μֵ󣬸ǧעһɿʵ֧Ųסˤ˴ϣûһѪա
Ѫɺ죬ʮִĿ
ץűһĽüϷ·ҲһЩӡ
䡭
䡭
ηִ̧˿ǧĵ˯ţûϢϮ˯ʮְģ˫Ҳָ˺ɫ
ԼԵǱ
䡭֣Ҫȥץסƣ¶ϧʵĽûץס
νץűƾϮһǰһڣڳ˹ȥ
ڰܲС
ڴ߶ϹԲ̣ٿܵһǿҵųУ㲻ֱ³һѪ
өˣæǰסǵ᳤û°ɣ
ôͻȻܵųأ
вѪգĨȵĹɢǷΣڸҶԿ
өһЩɻںͻ᳤Կ
̧˫˿ȺһƬĿڽۣ˷ǳǰǧѪҺʣһС룬ֽһСѪҺϹԲС
өϹԲҪѪҺ᳤˷£ΪΣ
йЦһСѪҺ䲻ܽϹԲ̿ǧȫһʹǰ룬νöЩʲôһԣ汻Ҳ¶ˡ
өԾĪ᳤˼ǣ
Ū꣬˸ż˿⣬μʹ࣬ȹѹأɷεӱͲãˣܽĲ֢ȫշҲһ
ө΢΢һ
᳤֪ıˣ¸û᳤ǵó
ıԶǣܽˣת
᳤Ӣөȥе𾪣ʵ᳤ȻڷҪҪھͽθ
ө˵ţһĨӵơ
мˣҡҡͷɣξԲĶ֣ԼĴ㣬㲻֡
өӦһ
нںڵϹԲ̶ռָУŲͷЩӷζжө˵ܹ۲εж
өӦǵģ᳤
뿪ңͷɫģ˫ù쳣
ͷıҲ
ڶա
ָһŻ
Ϯ֪˹ȥԾӼΪڱѩ֮أֱ
һҲϰָоһ㣬ϵɫڶûбֻǱոΪ԰Щˡ

ʱһڶ
Ťͷһ㷢ǧָ⶯˶ϾҪˡ
ûãǧ۾ˡ
νгһĨϲɫ
ǧЩãȻض컨壬ƺЩǲշЩʲôΣʲôΪʲôǲˣ
ЩɳƣҹεˣҰѹӦƣ¡
ƣͣǧӦƷζ⼸ۣܾЩԾӰأҲεɡ
ǧ֧ӣղЩʲôͻȻַεɫҰޱȣͷһ͵ץסʵôˣ
ζûлش
ǧšüͷܿ㷢˫ͬ˪
ͷһĪַˣ
ǰЩӲźȹڤˮβݰƵҩӦòԵ޹ʷǣúõġ
⾿ôˣ
˵ʵ㾿ôˣǧק󲻷ţҲ˼֮ɫ
Ŵ꣬ǿ˵޷ַֻ˶ѣǰ廹ңҵںѪˡ
ǧšüɫӵؿŷΣ˺һųΣǲң
βڿеָһɫȴƽ쳣˼룬ʲô鶼ûзҲǰͷƽˡ
ģǧɣܾЩԾ
ʲô
ǧյץָ⣬ȫûһӡ
Ȼ˿ûбȻġ
ǧʼһеɻ󲻾Ҳȥӿռͳ廹㣬ȵںѪ˵



472 ôζֵֹ

νӹںˣٽ㡣
ں˵ɡǧ˸ͷٿ˫һɫʵܲסҵѪǧӲ֪𣿡
ζ磬۲΢΢ζأʱܵס
ǧֵۣӲãҪȥɡͤ棬صǶĲͺЩأ
ˣ֣Դḧ
ǧ̲סһ£
ˣ乻ˣǻȥòãǧᳶס°ڡ
ƿܿͻӦ
ʰһǰȥʵ۴С
ʵ۱Ǽգɼ̬ȼ˴ʦҲҶԽͳ˹š
뿪ʹڤϣܿͻصͤ
ͤиһ㾲ףҹԺɨأһǻæΪԼǿˡ
ӣǻˣΪǻյġ
ǧӦһţǻˡ
ҹΪôһŤͷͷַε˫ղҰֽ⸱ģǷˡ
ӣ㲡ˣҹǰæǽηסΪλˣ
ڤˮβݺ˵죬Ѳɣ½ʲô
½Ϊˣҹҧ䣬ͺ޲ȥ½նɱɾ
νҹı龡۵ףۣĮҹ£ֻǲˣ½޹ء
޲ɤУҹеɱȥԾ벻ΪλͻȻˡ
ŤͷȥǧҲһãȻ
ջĿ⣬ҧ촽ӷڤˮβݣ˵졭
ǧҲתͷΣɻ
νֵڴ䣬һŵڤˮβݱֻʱ⣬˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⾿ʱᷢΪ档
󣬾úͦееɻŴ
ӣҷطЪϢɡҹ뽫ط䡣
ͻȻڰֵҪȥһˡ
δҹڣǧͳʵ㲻ˣȥʲô
οȥҽ½Щи¡
ȥ𣿡ǧšüͷЩѿӲã۳ͶٵģϢһȥ𣿡
ҹҲ˼мؿǧһۡ
ǧûпǽŷΣ·κһ顣
㶢ţγĬڰڰðɣȥ
ǧ¶һĨЦ⣬ɲǾӨӨͬһŹıʯ
ţ۲ͻȻһΡ
ҷطǧЦסεֱۡ
ҹ֪ǧչ˵øãϽַſϵɨɨȥˡ
ǧη󣬱㽫Źˡ
ʰã㿪ʵӲãҪҪȥţ
ʧЦһֻǲ˶ѣֲǲյڴϿŽЦ
£Ҫš
ҪȲ𣿡ǧգգ۾Ұݣ
Լãε̲ס̼֣ãһɡ
ǧԺ˼ŷݲĲ裬ó߿ʼˡ
ζݲĶǲһҩʱַǳɵݲô㲻
ˮ¶ȣҶķʲôûպãòҪ̣ˡ
ľϧȴûֹ
˼ܻЩãҲá
һǧŶһߵǰݺˣζΣ
γһڣɫζܺá
ǧЩϲһݲ裬˵źúȡ
ҲǧеıӶͷ¡
ºǧܾͣݵòˮЩ࣬ɬɬģûݵúúȡ
μŵȹıӣۣɫҲΡ
ԼζΣʡ
ǧĦеıӣЩ࣬ҲЩɬ˵ȴûݵúúȡ
ζеĲ豭β
ǧҲʶԼеĲ豭
豭Ƿκȹģ˹
ʶһ㣬ǧָһ˫Ҳź˼֣æ豭еĵģ⣬ǽĻӶˣ
ٿסҲ⡣
ģ̌һ˲ײ纣
ָһͷҲ˼֣ͺãҪٸ㵹һˮ
Ӧһ
ǧæӣܹȥˮˡ



473 õɫ

οæµӰеɫ
ڰƵˣЩȥ˶ϡ
ǧˮаɫ˸ϸ֮ʱֺ˸Ϯһ̲סʵôˣֲ𣿡
νеȥްֻЩѡ
ʲô飿ǧʡ
ҡҡͷûʲô
ǧ죬Ҳʲôˡ
תŲ豭еٴμ
ڶա
ȥ˳֮ϡ
ǧ·ȥ˺ѧԺ
ѧԺСǧСľ⣬һŤͷ㿴ɹ̫
ЦЦϵȻ˹ȥ
һŵζһֱͦӴӵˣζ㡭
ǧƺ«ݸ
ֱȥ͹˼ڣȵˬԺŽƺ«£ˣЩӣѧԺиҪĻҪٰ졣
ǧһǺλ
˵ѧԺ𣿡ûش𣬺һ䡣
ѧԺ
ǧͷɽ˽ſ˵ǲĴ½紦ѧԺ
ǡеľҲɢȥ˼֣ѧԺλĸ½Ľ紦˵ѧԺȸ½ѧôѧԺ½㽵Ĵڣ
ǧָⲻͷȴһĨѪۡ
½Ϊ㽵Ĵڡѧжţư
һٹֵѧԺоۼ½ſȥѧϰĽǾӢ±ȥѧԺһᡣ
ǧ͵سȥﵼʦո˵ҪǺѧԺйأ
ǿԣȥѧԺҲȥ磡
ٴεеľȫɢȥЩӣѧԺѡѧȥѧԺֽѧϰѧϰ£СжģٴԼĺûᡣ
ǧֵۣ֣ﵼʦ˼ǣץס᣿
Ҳͬѵ㲻᣿
ǧ䴽Це˼֣ĻȻһҪõ
£΢̧ƤӵʱԼȻ˫ϵӦˡ
ǧϲģ
Ļһ٣ֵ㻹ǵŬԼв͵
ǧ˵ͷ֪ˣﵼʦ
ڰ֣ʾ뿪
ǧˣҲܿתȥӶ˼Ժ󣬾ȥҩʦᡣкһƽĽǼһﻹûץ˼һ
ǧû룬߽á
аһ۷⣬°תһȦи˼֣ҷַСֵֽܺˡ
ҩݣа˵ָһ١
ˣǵϴûþֽˣ
򴽣̲סʣٽˣ
а˷ܣҿ
ǧţҲûôҶôϣڿǼ׵𣿡
а˼ۺſڵĽףѾΪĽҩʦˣ˵Ҳûˡ
ָһŶˣȻӰɫ±ΪɫˣˣЩһӶġ
ǲһҲûӡǧ̯̯֣ǳЦ
аѽɫͳȻҪ㻻ģϣ
ǧӹ£ؿڴȻһ£Ŵˡ
ɫޱȣʵЩÿ
аؿڵĻ¿ûñ̾һ뵱һóɫҲҪʮ߰꣬ʮõˣǳǰ˰
ǧֻЦָȴڻϻ
綢˼ۣʲôû˵
аӿУֵЩŬȡõɫ¡
ǧЦǵλҲɫ£õǱλϻţƣ
ʱ͵óΪˡ
뵽ÿջú鷳ǧûǵ͵ĺá
ЩʱǲܵġǧһǫѷһŬġ
аһļϣСֵ־
ǧֻЦ
ӹʱɫ΢Щˣû뵽ջҩʦдãҲǣа˵ȥ˲ʱ䡣
ǧӿ첽ɻصͤʱɫѾȫ
Һа˵һʱʱ䣬ûȾðɣǧַǰҲһЩðķˡ
ûСƿá
ǧÿ£̧ʱ˫Ծɲ԰ףͿһ˪۷ǳӻðɣ



474 Ƕı

ο˫䣬ͦá
Ǳáǧһ˵һЩĻ⣬аϸҳɫĻ£ÿµĽҲŶˡ
ܺá͡
ǧеĿӣֵˣﵼʦ˵йѧԺ顣
νӹ磬֪ҪѡѧȥѧԺֽѧϰ£ڼʶȥʺϡ
֪ǧһת٩ȥˣ¿ˣ㲻üį¶𣿡
εָһҲһŲ֪ӿ
į
¶
ü۵ʹȴʼû˵
ǧڰ֣Ҳ֪ΣҲû׷ʡ
֮ĬһٿڵҲһҪ˵
ǧգգ۾˼ۣҪ˵ʲô
ΪҪȥ¥Ļᡣ˵š
ǧȴһ¥ÿһſһε¥
εͷǧʵȥģΪҪӦҪ󣿡
ƿĮɫȴ˼֣ĪˣǰЩӱ»Ƿһýˡ
ǧͷһΪԼ󣬺αذʲô
ȥѧԺ𣿡ζ䣬ҰĽϲ
ǧҲٴϾᣬ㹴ЦȻϲģ˼գ
ʮաλ³
ãǧ˼ۣܾЩԾĵطö˶˵ΪҪʮ¥ʸ˵ΪãҲ̫ɺ˰ɡ
ܸоǹ֧
ǧۣȶһŵӻЩãҪȥʮãʱ˭չأ
ɫƽ޷ҹȻչ˵ġ
ǧҧ̲סĵ׵뷨˵ΣͻȻ˵Ҫȥ¥ǲң
ɫƽûУ˼롣
ǧȴɫƽɣȫûκαĺۼѵԼˣ
ɴڵ¥ܾЩֹ֣֮ͱʲô¼С
վȥ𣿡ǧʡ
εִͳһöѪĴӣǳ飬Σʱƽʱ㽫ϰɡ
ǧһۣ⴮Ӻģͦÿ
ֽӹܿʹϣͦƯӣһʱϵġ
˵Ű˼֣գҴȥ¥
ǧá
ڶգδǧȥ¥
װۣŸ̤ѧԺвѧ˹
ǧˣ̲ס٩ٴͤгƣЩѧŻˡ
˼ۣҲû˵
ǧ죬Ҳ˵ˣڷ󣬺ܿ˱һ¥ǰͣ¡¥ʮôߣÿһ͸ռ֣һҪѡ¥㣬һѡԱؽ
ǧǰĸ¥ЩԾԾˡ
νֿϣ˵¥գһҪѡ¥㣬вɺøԶ֪𣿡
֪ˡǧסḧţοĳڣҶᰲȫġ
ȥɡļ
ǧһ̧ۣ¥ȥ
ৡһصűǧӰҲܿʧ¥֮С
һֱֱӰʧŷ뿪
¥еһڰѪҺϹԲ̣Ҳʲôоȥ¥Ƕһֱ
ٿ½ŲؿԶ
ȥͺڰ˶ϣ˳ϹԲȡأ
¥С
ǧ»֪ε뷨سΧţ¥еһﶼǻ谵ɫģһ겻ĵ˷ǳ
˼ۣٿĿͶһλá
һޱȾ޴Ľ󣬶һ߱ͨڶ¥Ľݡ
Ҳ˵Ҫﵽڶ¥ͱ󡭡
ǧǰĽ۾΢΢
ǰĽ׺쳣ĺⲻէ֣ںвǧÿѱɢź⣬·ֻһ˲ܸ˵ʺ
ǧ»֪⽣Ҫβ룬ʶ̧ǰһ
ʱ򡭡
ڶ𣬺еǧѱҲŴ
ǧ̿ˮŲҲŶ£ǰһǧѱһὫѪ
վԭûٶǧѱҲͣ
ǧǰǧѱҪȥڶ㣬ֻӲˡ
ĻϵħӦܽǧѱճһ̲ˮ



475 ǽϵĺ̳

ǧһܿҾĻâȼգ·Ҫ¥ա
ۣһȥ
ʱǧѱ궯ţҡţգ֮뿪볯ϮȥǧѰαͬϸܴ꣬Ҳһɫһ
ǧվڻâУ˷һ֣ĻҲŷ
һɲǣǧѱֱֱײһ֮Уһγʹ޷ǧҲգһ˲ǧѱܲסһգֱӻһ̯Ѫĵˮ
ǧŵϹʺˮǲһ顣
Ϊ⽣Щʵ뾹ţûôûϵħǾͻˮˣ˲ôˡ
ǧϵջأĥ伸£ȴֵϵˮļ
Ѳɣٴαɱ
һ뷨γɣǧҲٵ飬ֱӳ¥ķȥŸһ̤ϽݣһǿҵĽڶ
ǧ͵ŤͷӺһ¡
汻¶ˣЩˮһӽٴγˡ
ǧʼ磬ܵÿ죬ȻͰ״ˡ
ҲûٴϹᣬת˵ڶ¥
ڶɻ谵ޱȣȴҲտ·ûκΣնĴڣ׵Щ졣
ǧǰһУû
ԽǰĵطԽǱΣգһСͻ׹޴ԨС
ǧüҲ˼֡
¥йŹ֣ȴѰŹĶ
ʱôӿռܳһǧļͷСѾͷû뵽㾹Ȼ¥ж㻹治˶ܴԼġ
ЩҶ֪ǧ˶٣ֵЩƣڶкιŹ֮
°ͣñƣ¥ײʲôŹ֣
ãûûеóʲôۡ
ǧ̲סʵӣûҳŹ֮Ķ
צָָλãվλơ
ǧԺһ£мλȥ
Ÿһߵ룬һӰǰ
ǧ۾ϸ׽źӰĹ켣Ӱ˸ǰ֮ʱֽڵأ
һֵʲôûУôʲôûУոʲô˰
Ҳŵ棬ɫİ⣬治¥ŵڶ¥͸һӹŹ֣һҪҵ֮
ԣҵڶûҵ
뵽˴ǧ̲ס˳飬֪Ͳùָ㣬ˣҲĴҰɡ
ţȴֺܿСѾͷȥһΧǽڡ
ǧɣǽô𣿡
ôߴٵȥһ²֪ˣ
ǧ򴽣õĻȥǽڡЩǽںѰûʲôͬɵһǽʱ˫ٿһ£Ҳһɫ
ãǽôģЩů¶ȣѲɣǽǻģ
˫һˣþͲµǽ⣬ǰĺӰ϶ǽйأЩǽеĶϸһ֪ˡ
ǽĶ
ǧǽһ
ʱ津ʲôüϵΪǿ˼֡
ֻáءһһĶͱǽ˳
ǧһѽⶫ˦ڵϣִͷһüͷҲһʲôóģ
ֻһźɫСڵ䶯Ҳ棬ģޱȡ
öŵϵĶòŵⶫӦǺ̳棬ǽ˵ߣƱ̳ϵĵطͨ¥Ľ𣿡
ǧŤͷһ淢ͨ¥Ľݡ
ղűź̳ʱֻķǽ棬ܿˣʵ˼Ľ
ǧջĿ⣬ֶŵϵĺ̳濴û̳棬Զϲ¥ˣ
צļ򣬵ȻΪ¥ʲôطĺõط¥㣿
ǧû˵
ôߣ˵Щ츳ľȻһ¥ȥڽϹƵҲ˲٣أӵбȻҡ
ڿԼǧǲһ顣
ˣ֪ǧһСƨɣǻȥ¥
òԼϷˣצӽĵҪȥ¥ȥ¥õƨɣ̫ˡ
ôߣǧ¥Цŵ٩һ䡣
øƨɣ֧֧ȻˣÿǴкӡ



476 ȥһ˺ڰܲ

ǧЦ
֪ԼЦˣ˫˼֡
¥ǧ쳤ֱܵ¥İ¥˲٣Ϊ
¥뼷ħޣħվ˻ţ˺ţŵϢ˼֡
ǧǰħޣֻҪǱȥĲ㣿
öǰħޣȻɴ˼֣СѾͷЩǰ˽׾Ž׵ħޣʵˣӲӲĻԿĻ㡣
˽ףŽף
ǧͷ΢΢һѧԺ˹ȻֱʣȻ¥ߵȼħޣͲЩѧħ޿
ǰûʲôѶȣһЩˡǧߣӣԾԾԡ
̿ˮ̲סʵ㲻뽫Щħ޶նɱɣ
ǧ˸˷ܵĹâȻȻʲô壿
֪ҪΣյ飬̲ס۾סСѾͷҪΣյ¶ˣħ޴໽Уɱұÿ߰
ǧôᱻ໽УħޱҴ໽аɡ
ñ죬˸һĨɫ
һѴǧͷ£ܵ˰ȫĵطŹԹá
ǧһģǲһ顣
˵Ըû뵽ӾȻС
ǧûֱӽѪ﷨ȡʺѪ˲ͽ谵¥
еħ޼ˣмήģȴָֺ֮ܿɫǧֳַȣһλȥ
һ̤λãǸʵȻԶˣħû˻Ŵ߳
ǧǰħޣеѪ﷨Ҳһɲǣһħǲǰһ
ǧۣûϵħһɲǻ𣬾ޱȵĻ·һľɢĻ·ܽ¥ա
ħǸܵһŻ⣬΢΢һ
ǧǣ΢΢
ʱħ룬׳ӳǧϮȥ
ͤ
ڷʰҪ׼ȥԶС
ҹˣ̲סʵҪȥ
΢̧Ƥӣȥһ˺ڰܲ
ڰܲ
ҹͷһüͷҲ𼸷֣ΪҪȥǰΣյĵطҺڰĽƻ쳣Թҵܲڣ
ε˵֮ģӦд
ҹŴŷַεɫΪ԰˼֣šüθ˼֣ӣ㾹Ȼǿ˴˵ͲԼ֧Ųס𣿡
ΰڰ֣һ㶼ںһ㣬ҵӣԼˡ
ҹҧ֪Ѿ޷ıʵŻ˻ʣԵ޹ȥڰʲôڰڶ࣬һһϦܲġ
ȥ˶ϡƿ˳Ǹȡ
ϹԲ̣ںڰУ
ҹһͷˮҪȥȡʲô
ûû˵ʱ֪ˡ
ҹ򴽣ٿϥص²ۿȥվһͬǰȥ
δͼ˫ᶨ쳣Ҳı䲻뷨ˣ̾һҲЭǱһȥɡ
ҹһĨЦ⣬׼ʱ̣
ο˿ɫƬ̺ŵڰɣµܲ
ҹȥ׼
׼֮Ͷ·
¥㡣
ǧЩħǵĹ
Щħ޵ȼߣʵҲǿټ֮һ˻ͦѶԸġ
æצס۾һСĿʲôѪ¼
ǧҧҧֱӽռеĺСϺٻ
ֻСһһͱˡ
üˣ˷ܵضų䣬ЩȺħ޴򵹣ֻۣħˣǺ棬ǿЩ򵹰
һŤͷֱӽħճɻҽ
ǧ˰ľڳɳھܽ˽ħճɻҽ治Ϲޣ
ջĿ⣬еսŨһɲĻڵϸߣת˲֮㽫ħǵ۾ճϹӡ
ǧˣæȽѪħոɾ
һ˶Ըôħ޻ͦǿСһ룬ѾһߵˣûܱߵħѾնɱɾ
ǧеɫȥҲܿ콫ս˿ռ䡣
׳Ӵӽ䴦߳ǻͣգ֮ʾͽЩħ޸ˡ
ǧ˼ۣ٩ôΣս֪ˣ
һСȣøղվڽ䴦ֻѣ˵ñСƵġ



477 ǿӲ

ѵǵСǧЦ
ŭ˵˵ÿкµĵ
ǧͬϻתĲ¥ȥ
Ÿߵϣ½ŲĿ͵ϵĳϡ
Ҳ֪ڷʲô
ôˣΪβȥˣצӴ˴Сȡ
ܵǧĿջصû¡
䣬Ų¥
۾ĿͶϣһ±㿴Ǵ飬ղһֱ⴮ƣĪˣ
ץ㣬Ц
ǧޱؿһۣ쬵ǣ㻹ǴĽ
˫͵סͣŵò˵һ仰
ǧܿ¥¥谵þˣ¥ڻУλûҽڷͣ
ҽڶ
ǧǰʺҽüͷɽһ𣬡¥Ȼôҽ̤涨ᱻڻһ̲Ѫˮɣ
̲סһ£ѪˮҲǺõˣʱɱѪˮû¡
ǧ𴽽ǣʶǰ˼ʱԭ㰲ҽӿһ˲¥øΪ˼֡
ҽҪӵ£ǧ͵ؽ˻
ؽŵ˲䣬ҽ糱ˮһȥˣۼû¡
ǧվԭأüͷøˣӣЩҽЩڣûа취Щҽӹ
צ°ͣñúúĥһ
ǧʵĥã
öų룬ܵҪЩʱɣҲܳʱˣͷ춼Ѿˣûúۣ
ǧһȻѾˣ
ðһۣѵûз𣿡
ǧҡҡͷһûЩˡ
ôߴǱЪϢɣҽ¶˵Ҳúú롣
ǧһۣһ˿ڵҲã±úЪϢҽ¶˵ɡ
䣬пϵĳ顣
ΡҲ֪ˣϵûڣ᲻˯òȣ
ǧţţ㿿ǽͷ˯ˡ
ٽڰĵط
κҹдͣܿǱһƬïͣ¡
ľӳ䣬һ¥֣¥ǰڷֻϹѵʯԶԶȥһլغ͹ܵɫʡ
ҹǴ¥󿴣ɿ˵ӣǱǺڰܲ𣿡
Զܿǡ
ҹһΣ̲ס˵Ǻڰᣬǹصġ
θһ΢ڰ±أǵܲ˵Ҳ
ҹһ䣺ӣ¸Σ
֪ҪȥȡʲôһǷǳҪĶȻӾðǰ
ζǰźɫ¥ǳӲ
ҹ΢΢һ٣ȴֺܿ췴Ӧ
Ӳȷӵ磬ȫˮ
ҹ̲סʵӣҪȥ̽̽·𣿡
ҡͷأһȥɡ
ãҲֱͣӴ˺ڰܲ
ҲͷһޱȣһڰЩĺõطγܿȥܲо׵Щ쳣ټһܲûаʵڹĽ
ӣȻûаҹٿеɻڽӡ
üͷܿ㷢ֵܲĲͬѰڵҲµûȥ¥գһ
ˣҹͷһ꣬ˣó룬֪Ƕһ
εüͷšøӽҲвԤӡ
ҹ˵Ĵû㷢һң̲סڽеӣһңҪҪȥ
ζǼңܾе޵ѪζƮɢ
üȥ
һңΧĵƻ˲
ҹؿΧһŽĵĽ䱸¡
ǰֵһ̲ѪգѪɫɫҲͦ£˵ǲǰմȾȥģۣһɫ
Ѫգ᲻ǧģ
ţҹڶ𣬡쿴ⷽԲ̨ϿһЩֵĺۼۼĵطԭӦڷʲôɡ
̧һüͷø˼֣ۼϹԲ̵״ƣµòطԭǷϹԲ̵ġ
ӾʲôҹޱضԲ̡
ӦϹԲ̡



478 һѪ

ϹԲ̣ҹȻԭأ¼ǵϹԲӦڱУΪλö˶ڰˣ
ٴοڣɤдżâڰ˱鲼½ʹǵҲΪ档
ҹҧݺݵɶĺڰᾹȻԲȥ뽫Բ̿𣿡
ǱҰĲεȴӿһƬ
ڰ᳤Ϊ˽թĻҲΪأǴǳõ˻ʹߵϢӶڰᣬųôһճǼơ
򴽣е˫Ҳһ
ĵľǧ¥¥ͷӦἫΪȫ
ӣ¸Σҹʵ
γȥɣѾˣڰ˽թǶ½һݵ㣬ʱ򲻻ҵˡ
ҹҧЩġ
οһۣ˳ȥŸһߵſڷαͣ½ŲһѪ³
Ѫͷ׷˿Ⱦ죬ɫ֮Եù쳣
ҹˣ첽ǰסҡҡ׹ӣʵû°ɣǲǲַˣ
ΰڰ֣ٽߵѪղ£㲻ġ
ǡ
ҹ˵ʲôȴδˣȻȥ˵ز˾
ǡҹҧŲ鲻ԸӦһ
˺ܿ뿪˺ڰܲ
ص䣬ֻںӿʵܲסֱӵ˴ϡ
ǰΪǧԿϹԲȻĲأǿʹ֮ӵĸɼӾ磬ǲԼӵĻ´βܻҪ
νָ⣬ɫҰף·ָһͻƵһ㡣
ͷڴϣʱһ˿Ѫմ
ţɺϮȫ
¥
ǽϵǧ͵ش˯оѡ
ϵĳ飬ֻһķ͵ǡ
ñˣ̲סʵСѾͷϲ˯ʲôأ
ǧɶϵĳ飬ֻڵķζѡ¥֮ǰӾѾܲãҲ֪ˡ
ð۾˯ʵģҲ̫ģ㻹Ȳ侫ɣǻͬҽ
Ҳԡǧһ
ЩķΣϾղһجΣεѪˣ¡
ǧãջǳ˯ȥڶգ˹
¥вϷҽɫ庮ޱȡ
ӣ뵽ʲô취
ǧŵϵá
˼ȵȵȣñϸһ˵
ǧҲûдߴ٣վһԵȴ
°ͣöûеóʲôۡ
ǧס꣬Щżӣδ뵽취𣿡
ñ롣ƿϾҪóˡ
ǧʱҽøӿǷڲϢѸٳڵķӿȥ
ˣǧ͵ؽɴվԭزδЩҽôȶˣҺֹͣףڵģ·뽫ڻѪˮ
ǧҧæϵһߡ
ú֪һڲϢҽӶɳˣ죬̫ˣЩҽôö˶˶ˣ
ǧҡҡͷҲ֪Щҽ˲١
ſˮ¥ΣأҪѡԺʵ¥Уǻǻ¥ɣ㿴Σ
ֻˣ
ǧ۾ΣһҪҽӶִ¥
ҧɸֵСѾͷô㲻ȥ¥ƫҪ¥òˡ
ǧû˵׼취ҽʱȴҽ糱ˮһѸȥգ֮ȫʧû°ۼ
ʱ¥е¶Ҳ½ܿͺ¥һ
ǧǰ澰
ô૳һʲôûЩҽôʧˣ
ȴһνⲻͦãͿȥ¥ˡ
ǧۣѵ֣
ûӻצӵʲôֵģ¥еһбͳϵ¥ĻᣬѲ㻹ɣ
ǧҡͷȻȥ¥ơ
¥ǧǰĳˡ
ﲢû¥ǰ谵һңܰ˼Ҿߣϵ¯ţʱʱһζ
ǧǰһУͷһĲʸд
¥㾹Ȼһÿң



479 ǹ᳤

ǧŤͷ俴ȥɴӷʱһӰ֡
ӰŮһ㽿СӦǸˡ
¥ֻһˣΪλһˣ
ǧһ˿䱸۵֣Ǻˣ
УᣱʱԼܿӵ½ǣǰɫġ
һµˣ
ǧšüͷԼ᣺˲ʲôˡ
⣬Ҳش𣬾ûһ㡣
СѾͷʵףǻȥĲ¥ɡǧ˵ҲΪɵ
ǧҲ̲סһҲд⣬˲᣺мȻʲôǵ
ǿЩߡæǿ˵š
ģ̌뿪Ÿû㷢ǰȥ·һϵסˡ
ҧҲǲԼ뿪ˡ
˷ΪȴΪΣǧŤͷһĨɫʿ
ʱдǧС㣬Ȼˣֺαżߣ
ǧⲻüͷ֪ң㾿Ǻˣ
˹Ū飬֮ŷ͵͵Ц˭ҪҪҽΪǧС
ΪҶǧЦȴǽһ𣬡Һ㲢죬ֺΪҶһ˵أ
ǧСܲʶңȴϵǧС㡣˵ţ᣺߳ǧСǺҪһˣգұȥ
ǧԴȥſ˵ģһϮѩɫۣ˳ȾɫϾһ˵ζ
Ŀⲻϣȴ˴һߣʹ˿ԭģ˫ȴ󻪣
ˮ¡
ǧǰˣмϤϸ룬ٿ󣬡㣡
šüͷһɱһʶң
չᣬǺǧĻ֮ˡǧЦ˵ڰ˾ϲװأҲ㶨ȻǺڰ˰ɡ
ڰ˾Ȼ켣¥Уʵ̫ˡ
¥Ӳ޶˿һǻ޶ѧ룬ʱҲҪ֤УڰҲС
ǡ
ǧ˫ѧԺл켣ǵˣ
ҲǼǰݺ֮ˣ
еŭɫͷЦǧСϻۣ²ţǺڰĻ᳤
᳤
ǧ۲һΣҲ𺳷ǳ
ΪֻǺڰС䣬ȴ뾹ȻǸ˴ԼȻʲô¡
ǧһ赲޷룬Ϻͻ᳤ûʲô᳤˷ǰΪΣ
бƽֻ飬һұ뿪Σ
ǧɫȴǽеѪ﷨ȽգֻһС䣬бΪ᳤£ҵͬΪı᳤ǲҪΪˡ
ɲ㡣ۣͻȻ˫ֳǧץȥ
ǧһ㣬еѪ﷨ʱһſŻϵС಻ϵķ˲ͽ⡣
ۣ־ͼϴ顣
־ͽǰСӿΪӵõ
ǧҧҧʶ֮жô⣬ȼߣʵǿ·һСָͷܽԼŪ
Ȩ⣬Ȼ򲻹Ǿܵˡ
ǱץסҲ֪ȺԼպԼǿֻɡ
һ룬ǧؿռѣʱ򡭡
һ˫ǿϮֱӽĲǯסˣ֪ǧСĹӱȽ϶࣬ղܰɣΪһԸ
ǧҧгݣղŲͿԻصռˣͻȻ֮ϣҲŪռ䣬ȴͻȻԴЩģƤҲŴˡ
ô£ͻȻκġ
ǧҡԴҲ
жЦϵ¯УȼǺڰƵҩ㣬ҩֻ˯ẦģͰ˯ɡ
ɡǧһ̲ס˹ȥ
нϣ̧ű뿪¥
αڷеϢֻĿһۣһѪٴ
ؿڣɫҲһ䣬ǧˡ
ǴѪҺɣǧһʱӦؿھ۵ױѾˣ
¥޶˳£
ѲΪս¥̫ѣӶˣ
򴽣һƽǳһĨ֮ɫ
ƣ۵ӷֻ߳ȥ¥Ƿ񰲺á



480 ܽȳ

ҹɫãɶɨһѣӻδãҪȥ
οڣߵѪԵұҪȥ¥
ҹĪȥ¥ʲô˲ȥ¥գаղŻȥֻ˸ա
βѪգҪȥ¥棬ˡ
ˣҹ΢㶣ͬһǰȥ
εһȥɡ
¥Уһʱ䲢δǧӰ
˳Ž¥ȥһ¥üͷҲ粨ΰӿ
¥ĿУŵһ˿ڰϢ
͵سϿȥ¯еҩ㲢δȼոɾЩɲ࣬͵һӣ¯ӦأҩҲϨˡ
ǺڰƵҩ㣬˯
ǧǱڰ˴ˡ
ۣеԽԽ࣬ǡһ̶
ҹҲ¥ӣʲôˣ
νŵϵ¯ǰ״Ҳ˼˿⣬ڰ˴ˡ
ڰ᣿ҹһ¥ǺѧԺĵ̣û֤ô׽¥
εĮҲǵˣһǵλߵģƾһ֮¥򿪡
ҹҧڰ˱鲼أֱ
ӣǽץȥΪΣҹʵ벻ͨץǧкκô
Ѳɣǧвӣ
û˵˼ȴǰת
յǳճǼƣյϷ룬ڰǼƻõģԼȴˣתǲµԼǿʹ֮֮ʽ˴ߣǺƣ
սָ⣬ɫ
ûнǧ¥УϷҲᷢˣֻ̫߿ԼŻɽ֮
Ϊ˿ϹԲ̡˦߳¥ϵĺұһҲй
ҹ΢ֲǡ
˵ЩʲôȴƼϵ֮ϾۼҪȥ
ҹһ⻹һοƱ˵ӣͬޡ
γͤķȥ׼ǿʹ֮
ҹ˼ٴȰӣǿʹ֮ˣӻܲסġ
ȲҪƵкãεͺ𣬱廪翵˫˿̱ɺһƬ
ҹȻɴ˫裬Ķǧˣ
֮ʣѾʹ֮ܿҲõ˽ۡ
ȥڰܲؿڣɫ׵ý͸
ڰܲС
ǧ˵ϣԾɻš
ԣַ˫գ֮ˣֲ÷ҪߣΪ㻹ǿʹ֮ѪѪҵҲͬ档
ʱөŮ˽
᳤Ѿˡ
ө˵ţͽԵǧѩڵϣһ۾ǧҲ˦һߡ
˭ΪҪҵ۾ǧ⺦µش󺰴С
վܿ㽫䵽ǧϣө񣬽۾⿪
ө֣ǧǰŵĲÿ
۾һÿǧоһĿĹâϤ˹âźشܣǣ
Ǻڰܲпǳǳתһ˲쳣
ǧһ˲Ŀ⣬򴽣ŵӲ㽫Ҵڰܲʲôǹǲڹл˻ɵġ
ֻǿЦѾҩǧѩˣĺܺãԣҲөŪܲ㿴һϷ
ǧһ㶣ղŵȷڸǧѩҩ
˵־ҩǧѩºȴֱεˣ󣬱˴ϮǴط
㵽ҿʲôϷǧЩͷȴҲ棬һ㿴ڵϵǧ
͵صɴ˫ͷҲһϲɫ
ôڣǣĪǻ᳤ץŪģ
˵ţǧӣҪȥǧȭ
æǳ⣬Ǹֺұֽš
ǧŵýأȴЩ᳤ʲôʱˣ
üҪĿˣĺϷûɲ˵ġ
ǧҧ浽ʲôϷˡ
ʱһǧѩ
ǧˣٶ㵽档
ĶǧѩΧЩԣͷ͵һ
ǺڰܲʥŮгش
ǧѩһ̧ʱһŰµߵվһ࣬ڰܲǺڰˣ



481 㲻ǴƷ

ǺڰĻ᳤кƢЦ
ǧѩľսڰ᲻йһｫҴ˴ҪΣ
ж°ֻͣʥŮһЩ飬ٱƭ˲źá
ʲô˼ǧѩľ
ЦЦŪ顣
ǧѩͷèצһͣ㾿ʲô
վө񣬽ϹԲ̷Բ̨ϡ
ϹԲ̣
ǧѩөеĶľϹԲУ
вδش𣬡ʥŮֻܿϷͳɡөȡЩǧѪԽԽá
ǧҲڣ
ǧѩŤͷһǧԵڵϣǾǧҲץˣǾΣ
нֵڴ䣬ЦӯӯϷϾҪʼˣʥŮ𼱡
ǧѩЦüۣһʱ侹ŵ˵
пөʾЩ֡
өȡһСӣһǧȥӶϾһʱѪֱөȡһֻ뽫ѪʢС
ǧˣܸоʹüͷ𣬶ǰ亹ֱð
ʢѪҺөߵߣ᳤ѾѪҺʢˡ
Ц𣬵ܺãЩѪҺϹԲмɡ
ө㳯ϹԲȥ
ǧѩǵľٶ̲ס˵Ī뿪ϹԲ̣ǧѪѪȡѪʲô
䣬ǧѩЩʱ޷ϹԲ̣Īǣ飿
гʥŮ𼱣һȫˡ
ǧѩ򴽣̧ʱ㿴өѾѪϹԲС
ָ⣬Բϵı仯Բʱûʲô仯˿
ɹһ
ѪԲܣûñһϹԲ͸ģԽԽԽԽ
˷ǧѩŴͣҲ͸һĨš
Ϊλˣ
ѪҺϹԲûκãΪʲôǧѪҺϹԲ̷˷仯
ѲɡǧѪѪ
ˣʲôأ
ǧѩϹԲϵĺ⣬š
жӣٿһקǧѩͷ˷ʥŮǷʲô뷨
ǧѩȻҡͷ֪ʲô֪
֪ʥŮп϶ʲô뷨ˡǧѩḧţֵǧܿϹԲ̵ѪѪ㣬ֻʥŮѣҲ֪ʲôӲþβʵͷģδ˷뽫ǧ󱣻أĴƷ˸½Ķ󡣡
ģܣ
ǧѩȻҡͷĿдżֲš
ѪѪҲѪѪǧʲôǡǧѩŭ𣬾Ҳν
һѿס°ͣʥŮͱˣ㲻ѪѪǧĴƷ룬ʥŮҲϲֱ׷ζɣ
ǧѩҡͷ˴𾪵У˵ˡ
˵˵Ҳš
üĿɭ䣬ɲ㲻š
ǧѩŴ𾪵һ仰Ҳ˵
пϹԲ̣ĺ⻹æǿڵȥȡЩѪôѪ޷ϹԲ̡
өǧϸһ
ɲǣѪ
ǧֻʹǳɸıϵȸϮһ¯֮Уð춼
өȡѪ˶˻ѪǧͽѪҺϹԲС
һɲǣ⴩ڵϸߣ·ܽݶ
Ӻǧ˷龰Ѿȵ˵
û뵽ǷﾹȻѪѪ˫ϵټѪѪǸж󰡡
ǧҧЩĵ߬ơ
ʥŮ»ǲǧѪѪ𣿡жǧѩٴοʵ
ǧѩŤͷøһ󺰴ҲţһжȻģƭңǶƭҡ
ʱѾݶʡ
ǧѩһ̧ܿһƬѪɫĹâŴȻɴ˼֡
鼮ϿǽϹԲ̿ʱվͻֺ󣬶ȵĺⲻٵģѲɣǧǣ
ʥŮǻУٸ㿴һ˵ţͽǧתһѽϵ˺
һɲǣ׼ϵľŰӳС
Ƕ仨ںϽ˼һұޣ
ǧḧʥŮǾŰʢ



482 ӵ¿ɺ

ǧѩϵĺ𾪵˵
ǸղĴң¾Űˣʲôɲţ
ôǧѩŶ䣬̼ܵһ󺰴ΪʲôǧѪѪֻΪʲôΪʲô
мḧźûΪʲôֻˡ
ҲǧѩҧоԼҪˡ
е͵һЦ
ǧȫ񱻻һصƿƤӣֻƼǰţҲ˼Ӱڲϻζ
˵ʲôѪѪǧѩ˻ߵ֡
ǵѪѪ𣿡۾⣬һӾͷǧˡ
ǧһѹϵȸ޷
ʲôšüȾһŻұ쳣
жĿ⣬ûжʲôֻѪϹԲ̶ѣ㣬ΪѪѪҲѡ
ѪѪ
ǧֻԴըһ£ȻѪѪ
ֱЦ
Ҳ֪ں˵˵Щʲôǧšüһɫ֣ǧѩѪѪֻһͨ˶ѡ
ͳ⾵ӣһɲǣ󱳴ľŰͶǧǰŰѪѪӡǣ㲻᲻֪ɣ
ұľŰں󱳴š

ǧ͵صɴ˫˸һĨš
ôȻѪѪ
ٴḧĺ󱳣ǵѪѪϹԲ̿ϣͬԲһҶ¿ɺãʱһӵ£
ŲǧһƱˣ˭Ҫӵ£һαңļıֻᱻɱҡ
ΣЦһûһ㣬»ǶĹԼɣƻƻ˶ˡ
ǧݺݵһۡ
ŷһҺܿͻˣ
вϲֱ飬ֱץ˦ڵϡ
Ҫأǧʶֵʱֻáѵһ󴦵ĳ龹Ȼˡ
ǧ͵ؽӵɴ
顭Ƿθĳ飬˿̾Ȼˣ
ҧҧϵƬԺܽ
гһۣ飬˵Ѫɣû뵽ξֶǼõġ
ǧúϻ
ŤͷֵөȥȡЩѪӦϾͻǵøϿˡ
өСһǧȥ
ǧҧһөͼ
өۣ׼ݵץסһȥʱ򡭡
һСʯƿϮֻգ֮ͽөеС䡣
өһ㶣̧ʱͼһϯµķδ˫ͬɽ֮ѩþöڡ
᳤ˡөŷΣ֪Ϊξеɫһ
вѾ˲һʦû뵽㾹硭
ǧͷβңӶֽǧأȴξǧͽ¥⵹ǸṩһõĻᡣ
ôҲû뵽ξŲƵٴʹ֮ƫϹԲ̿ǰ
ʵڿɶĽ
ζǲı͵õóˡ
ۣƿʲôıҲ뽫ϹԲ̿ˣ綼Ҫģ˭һ
ԡη䣬һƽк
޿֣ЦǺأʦһϹԲ̾͵Ҫˡ
βʱĿ䵽ǧϡ
ڵϣʹ࣬󶼱Ѫֹ
ҹ˷޲ýЩǧС
өͶȥһ񣬵ө񣬲ǽǧߣǿϹԲ̵Ĺؼڣ
һ˲֮䣬ҹө˲һ
˴ѷ֣¡
üһǰ뽫ǧ𣬶ʱ򣬰еǰʦ뽫˴ߣȹһ˵
һɲǣڶҲûҲ
ǧǵҫӰ֪λ
ҧҧոбӴӵվ𣬲ŸһվЩҡҡ׹æסһԵǽʹԼܹվȡ
ϹԲڲȱһЩѪҺʹӺˡ
ѪѪҪıϹԲ޷úڰıóѡ
һϹԲȥͼ뽫ϹԲȡ



483 ι

ǧŸ˼ϵȸٴϮֵ
ҧأϵոٴγԲ̵ķȥ
ǧѩǰУ̲סǰǧҪʲô
ǧؿڣһۣ뽫ϹԲȡߣúڰıóѡ
ƾ㣿ǧѩ´ۣƳ󱳴ľŰǧѩһѸٻһɫվվȣԼ˳õϹԲ𣿡
ǧļʾ۵ףһŵܰһȡϹԲ𣿡
ƾʲôҪҰ㣿ǧѩšüҵǱǳ
ǧۣƾҲȸ½ˣӦòúڰ˼ıóѰɣ
ǧѩҧ
ҴӦ㣬ȥԺʥŮҲѪѪڱǰһҲᡣǧ֤
ǧѩ۲ζȻǱ˵ˡ
ãҿ԰㣬˽˵Ļ
ǧü
ǧѩǰͬһȥȡϹԲ̡
ɵǧѩϹԲ̵ʱһ˹ҵĺϣֻһʹ󣬱Ѫ
ۣۡǧѩգʹڵϴ
ǧһձ˴ƬѪģļΪˡ
ȳһѪֹֹѪɡǧһŵҩݵǰ
ǧѩ۵ԴΣִѪسȥ
£ģ̌ųϹԲ̵ķȥִϹԲҪȡ£ʱ򡭡
ϹԲŵ󴦵ѪζΪ̰ؽѪ˱
ǧ˴󺧣ԲѾԣǱʳ㹻ѪҺῪʱҲ֪ᷢʲô
򴽣Ҫֳ룬һǿֹľٶ
ϹԲ̲뿪
ǧд󺧣Ȼ֮ϵѪҺһһ٣Ӻҽһ㡣
ϹԲ̲ʳѪҺһɲǹâʢ
ǧ󱳴ǶŰҲͬѪҺһ㣬ʻұ쳣
м˷龰ͷЦ㲻Ҷ֣ϹԲҲҪˣʱ½Һڰġ
ʱֹϹԲ̺ұɫҲˡ
ɫ˵սľ
˦䣬һ¾ͽڴЦİķڵأ󼲲ǧԸȥ
ûõģϹԲ̾ҪֹҲùвߵѪգһ⡣
νĻ⣬ֱӽֿǧϣû°ɣ
ǧ㱣ȴһһȼţԵüΪ죬ѪҪˣȴȣȡ
νַͷḧţûµģϾûˡ
ǧֵؿ˵Ѿûа취ˣ㻹ʲô
ʲôΣյɣ
δǧϸ룬ξϹԲлһ룬ϹԲϵĺ⾹Ȼ䵭˼֣ʳѪҺٶҲڱˡ
ǧͣǰ˵һĻһ뵽ϴθԼʱĲأ񡭡
͵صɴ˫еĲڼӾ磬βҪĲ
޷βɫҰֽ
ǧ˫ܿܵԲʳѪҺٶȸˣûֳ룬ָԼιһѪ
˷ΣѾöˣ㲻ˡǧֱס֫
ҡҡͷԲ͸ĺյ˫ЩұɫУҪϹԲ̵궯ѹȥȻӻǻʹġ
㲻ҪΪԼ
ǧҧ˫Щģ֫ˣˣҵû£㲻ҪΣվٶˡ
û˵ϹԲл
ʱĺۿļٶȱ㵭
пǰľޱ䣬ЩŵΰΣû뵽Ϊ˾ϹԲ̵궯⣬Ǹӡ
ǧŤͷݺݵһۡ
жĿ⣬һֵʲôӦùĵǷε
ǧæοȥʵΣ㻹ðɣ
¡ҡҡͷǵѪȴʹǧ˫
ǧǣ˵û£㶼Ѫˣ
õģϾҪˡλظһĵЦݣЦݺܵͬˮ
ǧЦգȴôĲ
Цˣȴ£Ը
αΪϽװ׷Źֺûᣬөסεȡ˷εʱûκв



484 ҪҪ

ңҹôȣө񣬿өһ鹷Ƥҩһ
ҧͷ˼֡
һ㣬Ѹߡ
ǧƾðļһд󾪣Ҳ˺һͷġ
ޱȣΪܺҶԿһŪ
ǧҧִ⽫ε󣬡Σһǲ˺Σִ⣬ȹһ˵
㣬Ҹıˣִ̫֣Һܲϲɺ
ǧܺһֺܿ
뿪ҶԸͻȻ
ǧҡͷ㰲ĶԸϹԲ̣һｻң
ҧԸϹԲѾƣһУʵڳ鲻
ִ֣ѡ
Ǳ㽻ɡκڶ
ǧ󣬴ңʧġ
йЦƺڳЦԲ
ǧͬЦʵҲ㣬ռļСһﻹֵܵһġ
ǰҩ㣬¥Ҳƴһս
СϺ
һȣСһӰ¶С
ȫĿ
СϺȫɫ˸
жǰСһ΢΢һСһﲻ
ȻԼֻħޡ̾һܿ沿ͻָ˳ɫ
㲻Σ˭ļƻ͵
ͺһϡ
ǧĿʾ
ǰСһҲֱֱϹȥ
ȸ֮ǳСϺ׵ãһʱбǸЩͷۡ
Ҫһնɱźá
бŭɲǣ֮Сһ㲻ֱӱ˳ȥ
ˣϣͼץסǵʺһնɱ
ǧͼ̴һ壡
ɰڴһ٣ԲռȻԲܡ
ɲ֮䣬ǧϵĻڵϸߣҵĻ·ܽաģһγһۺĻ
жǰһУͷ˲һͷ·ʲôס˺һ
棬һĻ棬ǡ
ȸ֮
֪͵صɴ˫ȻӵϹȸֱ˼顣
өˣϵȸ֮ܽȼոɾȸ֮𡭡ʶãæǳҪˡ
өҲսʹѡ
˵ӰʧǧŽ泷ߣһҲ֧Ųסֱ̱ڵء
Ҫȴڲҹ˷
ҹջأὫӵϷһ㿴󱳵ľŰ
ˣһŰѪѪ
ȻѪѪ̫˼ˣ
дϲѪѪһֱߣӵĲоˡ
ΣΡǧһҹȥǱߣҪˡ
ҹ㽫ǧߡ
ڸϹԲ̻Բϵĺ⵭˿ˣһͻֹͣ궯
Σɻãǧǡ
ҡͷ޷õġ
ǧҧȥʹࡣ
Ҳ֪˶ãڰִϹԲϳأѾ䰵Բ̣־ͽռָС
ǧˣæǰҹ˹ȥڸоΣҪҪ
ҡҡͷɫȴøӲҰˣû¡
ǧҰ׵ͷ˽ȴǵû¾ͺã췢ô£ǿЩȥϢһ£òã
ּ˫ḧãȥɡ
ǧһĨЦݣղܵϵ⣬һǰδеı
סתߣɸûǰһڣֱ˹ȥ
ۼֿ죬˻Уֻ۵˯ˣŰ˼֡
ǧ˼ȴͻȻŲһ٣һѪ³¸һڵء
ӣû°ɣҹסӣ㻹ǽ˽Ұɣ㰲ĵһԼɺã
ҡҡͷҲִֵãȥҲһġ
վֱӣӵĲˬǧһ߳·ǧѩߵʱ΢ٽŲҹʥŮҲȥɡ
ҹǧѩ
ǧѩ˿̵ıԾɴģ͵̧ŻԵǧ
ȻԼֻСϺ꣬ӵϹȸ
ΪλˣԼȸ½Ϊˣ¾ôˣ



485 ץ

ǧѩҹϵıƺ˼֡
һ뿪ǧŴӺż뿪緽͸һĨš
ǷѪѪҲͰˣȻӵϹȸȫµĺöռˡ
ղǸǽŪͺˣ
ǧҧгݣȹ뿪ط
ͤ
νǧ˴ϡ
ҹվһԣ̲ס˵ӣ·Ѿû£ǲӦóȥһ£
δǧ˯üΪȣŰŶ
Ÿߵһ룬κ½ŲҹЩȥǧˣ¶һֱãټϹԲ̵ĶʧһɶǧΪΣ֮ʵڲڱߡ
ǧ⣿Ǹ·Ĺ
ҹޱ
䣬ȥѰǧ⹴ڰ֤ˡ
һ뿪֧Ųס˵ϣһһ˵ĲϮֻԼƽһ̶С
Ķˡ
λվźϮһ鷿ȥ
ղ̫࣬Ƶӣ׶༪ˡ
壬ҪԴøȶȣϵĺӿܲκȶȡ
ҪͱѪѪ˺
򴽣ʼȵԼӡ
ҹʱ㿴鷿еɫԾɲҰףõļûС
ƺǸӦҹĵλ۾ˣ
ǵġҹ˫ֱȭ¸ղŰӵķԸȥǧ⣬ڸιʳһζҩ
Ǻεҩεš
ҹȡһζҩ³ǧⲻע⣬͵͵ȡһŵҩ뿴
ζҹеĵҩüͷһšǺڰƵĵҩ־壬ֲЩӱµľ˲á
ҹһ㽫еĵҩǧ⾹Ȼа취ñ»ָǣ
ҵһȥ·¡
ӵӡҹЩġ
ΰڰֵްҩǿԵġ
ҹˣҲ˵ˡ
վʼöҩĳɷֿʼҩҲ֪˶ڽҩˡҹѾҩˣѰʵʱöҩ·£ǧ֮Իдġ
ҹȭöҩС
οۣȵ
ҹˣųȥˡ
ʵ޹
ҹ׼ʱ롣
ʱʵһ͵ڴϣҹҲû˵ʲô
ҹһۣٽҩС
ʵ۳½ҩ˫ָŤͷ޹վһˣһ
Ǻˣô޵޹
ҹָˣڵϵǴʦߵҹʦ㱣㷢ֱ˺ڰһǵĵҩʦýҩԺˡ
ڰ᣿
ǵĵҩ
ʵԽԽľ˫һݣƺʶʲôǧ⣬޷͵ȡϹԲ̣֮ޱ㲻ˣ϶˺ڰẦޣ
ҹۣ˵һ㣬һ֪Ҫˡ
ҹȥ˽ǧץһҪǧˡʵ۱ŭ۵׳һѪ˿
ҹȭ
ܿ죬ҹͽױǧ˹
ǧô󺰴ūžԱ֪Ǳ谮ĹңǴʦߵҲУ
죬ˡʵȣһűϡ
ǧ⵹ڵϣ۵ɫҰף£ǧⰡ谮ǧⰡ
ʵ۶޲谮һڰṴļˡ
ǧһŵæ˵ʲôôͺڰṴ᣿
˶ֵҹ˵ʲôԵĻﳼ檰ɣ׵ġ
ǧ⵽ڻδֻʵѾ˹ֻһĽƵϡ
ʵգһǧؿڴˣڻƱ磬ʦ˵޷һǵĵҩǺڰƵģ޼ǵѰϹԲ̰ɣ
ǧ͵صɴ۾˫ձòҰף¡檲֪˵ʲô
ϻʵѾˣ
ʵһ˦ϣˣڻ˵ѣѾѣԲĹˡ
ǧ̳һצӡգպյض㵽һߣ£ûйڰᣬҪų檰
ҹȥǷ񻹲ֵҩʵŤͷҹ



486 ๼

ҹһǧȥ
ǧæס¶ʢ˾ɫǹ㲻һѳ檵¡
ʵšü죬ҹǴʦһ˵
ǧҧܿʶѾˣڵҹ
ûãҹʹѳһҩƿӣ£һҩƿӡ
ǧⶢеҩƿӣȴûзκ
ҩƿӴ򿪣ơʵ۽еҩƿе
ҹԽҩƿ򿪣ĵҩѸС
ɫĹ쵤ҩȷǺڰƵҩƷ
ʵŭһ˦־ͽҩƿϡ
顱һƿѵڶֱֱǧһ
ʵ۴һضǧ⣬ˣ֤ݾǰ㻹ʲôɽƱģ
ǧɫҰֽһֱֱסʵ۵Ĵȵ£ҲֻһʱͿ˺ڰǺͱһĵģĹοɺã
ʵٴνǧ߷ɣˣǧΣ󴦾
ǧҧҡ
ܿʿֱӽǧѺΡ
ʵۼѾûǧӰźһЩҹлʦ޿϶ڻǺͿġ
ҹޱΪӦġ
ʵʵҹôδʦ
ҹĥһ£ŵʦΪ˶ϹԲ΢˵ˣͤеϢ
ʦˣ
ʵͷɲ˲ˣϲأ
ȸ½Ժǵÿŷεİ
ҹҡҡͷްϢһ¾ͺˡ
ʵ˿Ǿͺá
ҹ˸ֵѾ£¾ˡ
ʵ۰ڰ֣ȥɣȥ޺úչ˴ʦ
ҹȥˡ
ܿǧ⹴ڰᣬεѾ˴С˶ǧ޲ýǧˡ
ڰǧˣϧ
ʱǧҲʸ֮ġ
ǧٷֱһ˦ϣˣ㵽ν̵Ůģڰ᣿
գǱѪү治֪£֪ҶȱһѾͷġ
ǧٷ̫ѨϣΪΪˣǧһһЩȴȻ˺ڰᣬǸûɫĶ
һߣŵò˵
ǧˮҲվһԣŸ׵ŭ
ͷ˵ù˺ڰᣬǲģǧѩһ´ͷ߽
űյ˿Ҳˣ΢һ㵭̺ۣʲˡ
ḧϵĵɫ̺ۣɫΪѿ
ǧٷ翴һۣǵģղŴӹﴫģӦ
ǧѩ򴽣뵽ǧȹĲˮ
һȥεˣ֮˺ڰܲѲɣЩǧɵģ
ǴΧҲǳǧĶžû޷֮
뵽˴ǧѩɫѿ
;֣ȴû뵽߾Ȼһǡ
үⶨǱݺģȥ½ȻɡɥǲŮṴڰᡣ
ǧٷ˵ȴǧѩϣǲܾǧ⣬Ӧá
ѩ㡭޺޵ضǧѩ
ǧѩüĿŮαץ߶ǧ⺦ģҺҩĶŮŻ޷֮ϵ˰Ҳǰͣ
ǧٷһģ
Ȼġǧѩҧгݣǧ⽫ץȥڰܲȥϹԲ̵ģڴʦʱϵȻ롣
ԼѪѪ顣
Ůϧǧٷߺޡ
²ܻתŴĿЩ͡
ǧѩüźࡣ
ŮȻȥˡǧѩ˸̧ű˳ȥ
ǧٷ糯￴һۣô˳ۣһȥ
ڵϣҡ
¸һ䣬ƽĹա
պһֱŵǧˡ
ָͷȶһ£ŲŽ۾
ؿһ컨壬ûþϳͷε·
ǧҪȴ
ˣ
ǧ֮ʣһ翺ڶ
ǧһͷ㷢ַڲԶϣ
ĿȴͬԨ˿̽塣
ǧŴֻ꣬úڸɬޱȣôˣ˯˶ˣ



487 

ںڰܲǿʹûϵħʹƣ۲Ѿ˯ҹˣǲǾöˣ
ҹ
ǧЩľȻ˯ˣ̧ͷ˷һۣȴ˫ղҰף˫ҲѪɫ
ɻãָ⣬ա
һһã㲻õġ
ǧҧ˲ӿ϶ǳ㲻Ӳˣ֪㲻á
γ⣬ˣҽ˸ŪЩԵ
ǧɫЩŭɫ
˦䣬ĵشӷ뿪
ǧıӰɫΪѿ˼֣·߲Ȼ˵Լû£
ҧгݣֻ߶ȻҪκݺݱڻУ
ûãѾ߱һЩСˡ
ˣʦ˵󲡳ҪЩ嵭Ĳźá
ǧϵĶЩˣͦõģȥɡ
Ѿ߸˸ȥˡ
ǧθڴ󿪣Եúܳ졣
ԹϢһҲˣŤͷһɫѾܺˣɷȴδ¶档
ʱӦûص˲Ŷԡ
ǧ·߳ţӭҹǰʵҹأ
ҹش𣺡鷿еӣˣͬ˵صˣ鷿мɡ
ǲǺܲãǧʵ
ҹһʱû˵
ǧģæ׷ʵҹͬ˵ʵˣ
Ǻܺáҹ룬δĻ˵
Σǧҧ
ҹָ⣬ǲöԵķβֻ׶༪ˡ
׶༪٣
ǧ󣬽ŲЩġ
ҹ˵ÿģǧҹ
ҹ²˵ѡ
ǧ۽ҹļУҪβܾ
ҹ̧ЩؿŷΣеĹâְȥҲ֪
ǧҹſͬһ㿿һԵǽϣ㶼֪ҪΣѵĻᡭ
ҹǧ
˿̺˵ӵҩӲ˵Ҳֻư͡
ȥΣ𣿡ģ̌ŲԶƻ鷿
ҹƬ̣͵ԣӼ㶨ῪģʱҲͻ˰ɡ
ǧûЦȹһߵ鷿ſڣһŽ롣
һţ㿴ȴ˫ղҰɣʱʧһõ˶Ϊ˾³
ǧҧҲԹԼǴξһЩ㲻ҩˣҲͲˡ
һжĴ
ǧû֮ʣѾ˫
ˣοڣɺ
ǧ۾һУԲҽ㺦ģġ
ָɫҲһΣΪ˵
ǧв˲ɤд˼ɳƣұڰץߣҲգὫԼڵˡ
Դḧţ¶޹أҵӱͲϢһ±ûˡ
ǧ͵̧һ˲ͺײһ𣬡˵ҹ˵Ѱİ취㽫ᣬᡭ
׶༪١ǧ仰̵˶˵
ϵĶ΢ͣ˫ȾޱȣЩҹͬ˵Щʲô
ûˡǧ˫־òԾ̽ʵΪʣǲʲôң
ҡͷɫ糣ں˼ˣ
ûСǧק½ǣвɫֻǵѡ
Ϣһ±ˣ㲻ùֵġ
ǧģҹ˵
γһ¾ͽҪ˵ĻϣӻǲЩطϢĺá
ҵѾˡǧҧʵ㲻һط𣿡
ҡͷһҪٵһ£Ȼȥɡ
ǧһץסƣҲȥ㣬ɺã
γ˼Ƭ̣ŵͷãɡ
ǧɵڷߡ
α۾ȵϢϵҡҡҷҷͶ䣬֮ƶһĨѪɫǰҰˡ
ǧзڲϢ
õ˶ôһҪҵ취β
뵽˴ǧ˫ȭҲᶨ쳣
ʱȵϢķͻȻѪʺɫѪպȾ졣
ǧŤͷһصѪ̵۾ۣæαסȻ䷢Ӹ˼֡
ͬһǡ



488 ô㲻ȥ

ǧͷһ£еѪҺҲ̣ŷεӲţû°ɣôö˶˾Ѫˣ
죬ֻںӿ̼˵
ķκʱ˷ȥǧקƣеĺҲӾ磬ΣǲĲַˣҪҪҵѪ
ҡҡͷԾ˵ֻǾӺ䣬ͬ׹ѡ
ǧţҪϵȶȴݸ
ûãһգֱ˹ȥ
ǧд󺧣ôвѣľֱӶŶҹεˡ
ҹһæеĻƽ鷿ҹİ£˽ŵķΰڴϡ
ǧҴñӣзżֵǣһֱ˵Լû£û¡ҹЩһֱ𣿡
ҹ򴽣ǿڵЩһֱģʱкתͻȻεһֱ϶
ǧŴû˵һ仰
ҹοһֵۣȥֻǡ
û˵ȥǧȴе˼ḧβҰ׵գҹȥɣξͽչ˰ɡ
ҹ䶯ǣʲôû˵ת뿪
ǧغڷδߣһϡ
ڶգǧתѣŤͷһַѾˣɫɲҰֽ
ǧһĨϲɫѹˣɰˡ
֣鷢ڶ󣬵صûµģʱҪȥѧԺ˰ɣ
Ҫȥˣҽղȥ롭
δǧ˵꣬ͱδϣЩȥɣĪ
ǧҧҧվȳȥˣϢ
εĿ뿪
ǧصѧԺѧԺСϣһӰӭ
һ־Ȼǧѩϵ˰ڣȴǳҪϸƳ
ǧĿջأǰš
ǧѩȴסˣҪ˵
ǧ½Ų˵ʲô˵ǼҲ˵Ҳٺ˵Щʲô
ǧѩָ֪ʲô£ɫһ䣬һżЦҪ˵ĲǼ£ÿ֪ǧ⹴ڰѾ¹ؽΣձҪնˡ
Ѿؽȥˣǧһۿǧѩ
ǧѩĿ⣬Цӯӯò֪
ǧҡҡͷǰЩһֱڻԣ֪ǧѾץˡ
ֲЩһֱûáǧѩЦݺƣǽӿЩˣ
ǧѾˡ
ǧѩ˼ۺֵˣǴͷˡǧʵǺͿȻڰᣬϹԲҲ͵ģǧҲǰһĻ
ǧû˵
֪ǧЩԾǹ˺ڰᣬЩƷҲˡ
ǰȥǧˣȻ֪ڸġǧѩ˶ֵãҪҪҲȥǧ⣬ЩҲǺõġ
ǧۣһȥġ
ҪΪµǺģ
ǧѩĿȾһĨɫ
´Ҳûʲôˣ뿪ˡǧѩ˸תߡ
ת˲䣬еĹâҲ·Щʲô
ǧ뿪ŲͷСľС
һˣЦųֵ㲻Ҫ¥ʮգΪνվѾˣ
ǧһ˵һЩ飬Ҿǰˡ
ԭˡһֵˣЩȥѧԺˣƣ֡
ǧһȾһĨϲģ
Ȼģƭʲô
ǧеöÿҪ˶ʵ˵òȥѧԺ
룬ЩҪȥģҲʮհɡ
ô죿ǧͷһ뵽εĲ飬ôҲ˲ˡ
ֵس˼ۣô㲻ȥ
ǧҡҡͷǲȥͻȻ뵽һЩ飬»ᵢ顭
´ۣʲô»Ҫ
ǧ򴽣ʼûнʵ˵ﵼʦ˵üǣȷûøΪҪѧԺһȥġ
ֻҪȷβ黺ˡ
ͷ˼ͺãЩȺú׼һ£ЩʱӦþȥѧԺˡ
ǧãһȥ׼һµġ
ڰּ֣ºȾˡ



489 ѪѪ

ǧСľ˻ʵû˼ȥЩģֱӻͤ
ȥʱԾڴû
ǧס߳ŵҹʵǲû
ҹǵģӽûҲǣô
ǧ򴽣еĵǸ˼֡
ֽҹǲˣ뷿С
ڴϿ飬ĽŲ̧ͷôͻˣ
ǧϵĲˮţһҵ壬ˣھΣ
νӹеĲˮ㲻عֵǣҽվͦá
ǧҲԼӣ㿪˵ЩĵĻ⣬ˣղŰﵼʦ˵һȥѧԺٹЩӱȥˣȥ
ָһҲȥѧԺѧϰ
ǧǰѾҪȷһ²С
νеƺ䣬Щˡ
ǧĿ⣬ͷʱһܾĿЩ֣ͷ·һΣǲǲߣ
һ㶣ٽеȥ룬˵Ǹûᡣ
ǧ𴽽ǣ㲡ȥȻһᵣġ
ͷḧоһЩʲôһٴαޱߡ
ǧûпǰɫһٺֵˣҽ˵ǧⱻץˣǹڰ᣿
εǵģ˺ڰС
ȥ𣿡ǧ򴽣ϾҲһӵĽá
ȥȥɡһֵȥʱҹһȥҲһЩ
֪ˡǧӦһȥܿͻˣϢ
νջأȥɡ
ǧ˷ź󣬾ͽҹȥΡ
ҹͳһƣſڵͷˡ
ҹȺǧ˵仰ͳˡǧͷҹ
ҹ󣬾ûнȥη⡣
ǧȹڣһ̧ṳ̋ηСηл谵ʪʱʱӽ䴦ܹǧĿбӣܿҵǧڡ
η룬һǧ˱㹴Ц˰ҲЦ𣿡
ǧһۣûش𣺡㹴ڰᣬҲ³ҾЦҲȡ
ǧЦٿֹͣЦĿؿǧ㲻ڴʦǰ˵ҲᱻѧԺѧͶʲôڰᣬһжĴǧһ㺦ģ
ǧ󣬲ЩЦûҵ˼ҲᱻץסСӣһûƽ㽫ҺΣ㵹ȸʦˡ
ǧҧҧ˫ߺޣˣ㲻ҲǺö˶վǰ𣿶ҾͲһˡ
ΪұȻܰáǧü㣬ֻܽܳͷ
ǧһǴʦ㣬Ҳá
ǧüʲôҲû˵
ǧƴ˵ţǣʦΪƫƫѡ㣬ѵ𣿡
⣬ǧס
ǰҲ⣬ȴôҲ벻͸ƽӦûϵõʲôɣ
ôǲ벻ףǾɡǧ⹴ڳһģʵʦ֪ѪѪ
ǧһ
֪ˣ
δ˵ⷽҲδ͸¶֡
ôǲǺ𾪣ǲǾôʦƭ㣿ǧĿҲһֱ
ǧüܿع֪ҶѪѪûȤû¸ңͦ𣿡
ǧֵۣһҲӽǴ˽ĵġ
䣿ǧЦŲĺ
֪εвǧȻ产ˡ
ǧһЩ䣬ں˵˵Щʲô
ǲǺ˵˵ӦˡǧӵվƣߵǰεĲڣΨѪѪܽĲκãѪѪνߣѵⲻһ˽Ļã

ǧֱܿ㽫뷨ˣΪһĹ
ǧЦһⲢǹ滰ֻѶǧ̫ηΣõʱĴ޷ˡ
лѣзֱ档ǧдȥ뿪ˡ
ǧⶢıӰлһİĹ⡣



490 Ĩȥ

ǧӰȫʧһӰǧǰ
ǧ⿴ǰİУѾķԸǧ˵ЩǲӦչ涨Ҵȳ
ļ򣬵ղúܺãԣһЩѵġ
ǧһһϲɫлطһ̶
ģţ㲻ָоˡ
ǧٴһЦֻŵȳȥҪǧ𣬹ѪѪʲôʱһҪÿ
֮ʣһֱֻӾסĺ
ǧӵɴ󣬲ΪΪʲô
һѪûΪʲôѾûκôǼ֣պҲЩͶ̥
㡭ƭҡǧɫϣӵɳ
Цûƭ㣬ⲻڰ𣿡
㡭ǧĻδ˵Ͷˡ
һѽ˦ڵϣִͳһӲ˲֣ǾЩˡ
ө񣬽ﴦһ£ɱļ󡣡䣬
ө˷ԸԺ󣬱㿪ʼжˡ
ηгǧЩصġ
ò˵ǧǷܽ⣬ΪѪѪŽӽĻǰΪ֣ǷҲ˽ĺã
ǧָ⣬ͷƽ
ҹƳĲԾ̲סʵˣôˣ
ǧһ㶣æҡҡͷ¡
ǱáҹӦһ
ǧҹ˼ۣٿҲһ䣬ҹ㵱治֪ʲô취κ÷εĲ𣿡
ҹƿ²֪
ģǧۣдżӡ
ȻġҹܿĿ⣬֪Ȼ߷˵ġ
ǧһ۾ͿҹĲԾ
ǹʲô
ǧüûвĻԣҹǷεĲβãͲź𣿱Ͼôõһˡ
ҹšüȻź˵Ҳˡ
ǧۣ˵ǲѪѪβˣǹҹͬ˵Դĵģ
һ룬ǧҲһ
ѵҲڻɷ
ǧæЩͷ첽صͤС
δãԲҪô㻳
ǧƿţ㿴Ѿ´ˣŲ豭ǰҲ֪Щʲô
Ѿ´𣿡ǧüֻۣһƬҸղȥǧ⣬Ծɲ֪ڸģҲ޻˵ˡ
βȥҰ׵ɫҲƺʱ˼֣˵Ҳڸģ㲻
ǧߣ̲ס´ۡ
αЩڣ̲סʵϸ뿪ʱͲʶˣ
ǧһ͵ؽĿջصУֻǾÿŶ࿴˼ۣ𣿡
Цֹ˹Сӣ࿴Ҳ޷
ָϵ⣬ǧĸ˼֣ã϶ġǰУӦûڰɡ
㱣ʣôˣ
ǧȻҡͷûʲôͻȻ뵽һ飬Ѿûˡ
ҿɡͻȻڡ
ǧӣúܽã㿴顣
ڶգǧŸ̤Сľȴһסˡ
ǧмɫ̲סʵﵼʦôˣ
ڣɽһȻѾĨȥˣҲ֪˭ģȫʵڸǹȥҧгݣɫѿ
ǧҲһҵֱĨȥˣô
ݺݵ֪Ҳ߸żˡ
ǧָ⣬Ǵȥ˭
ѧԺ滹δѡвʣѧԺĻбʸˣ룬ѧԺڼʦͽǰ϶¶ǾȻʱı⡣
ǧ򴽣ֵãδȷӦûлġ
˵ҲŸһ䣬ҲǣδϻʵۣӦлأʵں棬ͻȻ䱻Ĩȥ
ǧ򴽣ҲΪΣҲ֪ؼӦûʲô˰ɡ
°ͣô벻ͨǾʲôڹǡ
ˣҲ롣ļ򣬵˭ߡ
ǧɫ֪࣬ģﵼʦȥѵˡ
ͷ߻ֹġ
ǧ˷䣬̧ͤȥ
ʵ֣ǷӦ֪˭Ĩȥİɡ



491 ҹ˵ǲ

ǧţ첽ȥ
Ÿߵſڣһ˵ӦǷκҹ
ǧ򴽣̲סͣ½Ų˵Щʲô
֪͵ԣ̲ס
ʱе˵ϴ
ӣʵû뵽˾ȻѪѪǲ֪ˣ
ǧָ⣬Ҫ֪λشġ
󣬷翵ڴӷдǵģ֪ˡ
䣬һŷ˾ġ
ҹ򴽣ѾҲֱԲֲӵҪλŷˣͬ˳ףԭˡ
û˵һ֡Ĭϣ
ǧ˫־һԣֽȢţֻΪѪѪûаģ
ӣȻѪѪβ׵ҹֱԣֻҪӵѪѪ˽ϣӵĲȬǷޣˡ
ϵķΣͻȻһĨɫ
ҹԺĪ˵ˡ
ҹüЩ𴽰ꡣ
ǧǵ̸ҲЩΡϱҪǸ
ͷǸĻǻʵ󲻳
ǧ֮ʣҹٴοڵӽ˵ĨȥҪ³䵱Ľҩ𣿡
εһֱߣú
ҹûеһ㣬˵ȥѧԺ͵öºܻʱӵֻǡΪβ˲˵Ҳ֪ӵͼù˼ʲôġ
䣬ž档
ҹȴһ첻µزµı顣
վͷǧȴǱҹĻʹġ
ô붼û뵽ǷĨȥģôֻ뽫Ľҩ飿
ǧһ͵߬Լơ
ξʲôˣ
ŪŮˣ
νӽܻʲôĿģȴĿġ
ãҪĶܾǹغԼƤӶգһ£ΪڣȴĿֻϣǿЦ
ǧģսָ⣬Լʧء
Ϊ԰ﵱԼļңһӶŷεȻƽ޲ʤڴ⡣
Щֻǲˡ
ǧҧҲƣָҲûеۡ
ϵۣԶȲۡ
ӣĲ治ٵˡ
̾Ϣ֪
ǧ˵˼֡
֪ʲô˼Īͬҹ˵ҪǸ
ô˽
Ǹһõξֽξݺݵ˺ѿǧ˵ʱͲŷλˣ׶òš
ĺãûģֻ˽ġ
ûĵġ
ǧʶصһ
顱һȻСߵԱߵĻƿ
У˫һݣ˭
ǧһ˲ĻңɳֻüһЦûҵӦǣ
ͦţŲҵؽƿˡ
μ΢΢һ¡
ղŵĻˣ
δȷοʣǧ㿪żɽʵΣղҹĻģ
ëţȴ׺һЩ⣬һʱܽ˶ס
񣬲֪ΪηεľȻһһ´ǳġ
ӽǧȷΪѪѪҲһΪԭ
ǡһ˵ĸо
ɴĳϣȻͶͣǧһ漴һĴۡ
ҲԣΪǷΰǸɣûĵķΡ
ԣӽңֵĺýΪѪѪǧֱʣȥѧԺҲĨȥģ
δüۣû˵
ҹû뵽ǧڴ˵أ뵽ҪԼӽʲô
ʱ򣬷εҹȳȥ
ҹҧ鲻Ը˳ȥ
űصǧҲ̲סһǰקŷε䲻ţ˵Ϊʲô˵
ŴǣƬųȷΪѪѪҲŽӽģҲҽѧԺ֮Ĩȥġ
׿ڳܣǧ絶ʡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôƫƫ
ֻܴһ˿ů⣬ůⶼ˲⡣
ǧͷĺӳССȴİ
ҵĺã˵ÿһ仰ֻΪѪѪǧ۾Ľë·𱻱סֻҪһѡ



492 Ҳ

β˵ǧ۾ʣңûһģ
˵Уѡ
Ҳ׷£ûС
ǧ򴽣ָҲŽաûУҲûɴطˣᱻá
䶯ǣȴʼûзκ
ǧɼΪѣ뵽ʲôһЦˣʦǲ˵Ҳ㣬ҲѾ˼
ǧѩ˵ù治ûĵġ
νʲôƺһֻҸС
ʦΪҪҵĨȥأǧٴαƽźΪûͬ㽻𣿡
˵ȼɫøΪѿ
ǧͷһҪѯΣȴסˡ
ѪѪڰֶ㣬ȥѧԺΣաüͷһֵ˵һỤ㣬߲𣿡

ʻ㣬ǧЩ㱡
һ뵽ûаڣٴζᣬߣĽҩ㽻ϣȻû֮ԣǲǾͻᱻڹ
δǷףҪͣȴ֪˵Щʲô
ɲ˵ͣǧ𴽰꣬Цֹ
һʼͱĿģʧ
ƫƫΪ˵ķʽַʽȴΪ̣ˡ
ΣҲ㡭
ʵѾˣ˵ֻһϡ
ָһֻнʹҧȴͿ˼Խ顣
ǧס嶯Ҳ㻤ˡУѧԺһҪȥ㽫ҵĨȥΣһǻ취ġ
ۣͷ
ǧƿͼ־ͽĵңҡᡣ
һָҲԺ𣿡
һʹȴǳǳģ˲
ǧȻҲûеĳʹ
ü䣬ûԣֻѡ
λ˵ЩʲôȴǧѾվ̧ߵſڣͻȻ½ŲΣٱ֪ڱʲôֽţݹҲ
䣬ҲȷλӦǧ
οԶȥıӰֻȫޱȣǲ˵ʲôˣ
ǧ˷Ҳ֪Ҫȥ
ǾԲȥˣζ˵ˣƤٺ˯һ𣿶£Ѿʲô˵ˣ͸ûط
ǧͤлε֪ͻε˺԰С
԰оɫҲкöεĻ䣬ϧݻѱò̫⡣
Ϊͷκܽʵչ鲻һˣطҲõ֮
뿪ġ
ǧÿͤУĿԶƺǳǳˡ
ûãһСѾܹˣȥˣʦڴе㡣
ǧȻһݡ
ڷºµԷ
ٵĸжڲƭ
ǧԽԽָҲŲͣһԼúƽȣתΣȥͷԣͲȥˡ
ѾҲûʲôתȥˡ
ǧȹվ׼ȥ¥һ١
ʲôͤϡ
¥УǧֱҪһ᷿Ҳһӵζʳ
鲻ã׼Ϊʳ
ǧ߳ԲˣߺȾƣûϱ˼ɫ˼ȴĺܣôȶȲһ㡣
ڿռʵڿȥˣæǴӿռСѾͷ˿ôã
ǧҡžƱҲмɫ͸һɲ˫ͬ˷ǳǸãǾͲЩ¶ˡ
һ㵱ں
ǧ죬ɳƣȻںģֻãȴЩֻǼȫġ
Ҳˡ˫ֻأ޷޲ƽ
ǧɫֻ겻ͤǲܴˣΨõҲܳװѡ
Ҫ뿪Уһû뵽ôϡ
ǧȻҪ뿪ģ
һ٣һʱ侹˵Ǻιϵˡ
ǧ͹˼ھƣŴ³Ŷ
¥ͷƻͨյСϸۣеɫ
ʹɫȹҲ޷ȥϵĽޣʱǵþ¥˶࿴ۡ
ǧܲ˵Ŀ⣬һ¥ݣС糺ȴʢ䣬Ҳѡ
ǧһ¥ˣһʵڶ𣬡ף˺ܶƣ



493 

īߵԣŵɢľ㲻üͷ
ģ̌ī׵ɫҲɢȥһЩ鲻ˬ˼ƣӵҲڡ
ī贽ŵò֣ҽԷҲû㣬㾿ʲô¶Ҫôƣ
ǧۣĨȥˣΪһܿģ
īеЦҲȥ֣¶Ҳ˵ˣ˭ɵģıȥѧԺĨȥʵ̫
ΪԼ򱧲ƽǧеԹҲɢ˼֣ѽ˭أ̫۸ˡ
ʱѾߵ˾¥⡣
ɫйʱǧֻӲˡ
뵽ʲôһ̧ī裬ī裬ǰ˵Ļɣ
īһ㶣ʲô
ǧѣϴθһŵ
īŻȻЦǸŵȻģҪʲô
ǧĿתҲҪΣʱ̱סңֻϣ취ŪǸݺ͵λӦǿԵġ
īЦ𣬡ҵʲôҪȻɡ
ģ̌Ŷ࿴ۣӦˣĨȥֵ˿ǸݵλȺˣͲẦ£
ī蹴ûʲôµģǴʦģҲ㡣
ǧüǴʦء
ȻˣҾлӵˡ
⣬ī̲ס˵صлǶˣЩǾ֮͡
ǧЦȾž˫Ө͸
ī费һ̻Ư۾ǳҪá
Ȼȥīȣűʡ
ǧ磬ֻЩ䣬ͤ
ȥīͻȻ˵
ǧ˼ۣܾأҿԼȥ
㶼ǺˡīȻһ˻ȥҲ˳·ҲΪǽͬС
ǧ΢Ƭ̣˿ڣðɣһ߰ɡ
ɫ
ī轫ǧ͵ͤſڱȥˡ
ǧվſڣһ˲ȻЩҽȥˣḧŪ鹣ȾŵһĨɫ
ʱű֨߹һƿ
ǧһ㶣æ˻һʱһ̧һ˫ײһ
ǧٴסһʱľ˵һ仰
Ⱦˣվſڣһҫɫ£ɫкʱ˫ղҰֽ˫Ҳ΢΢˰ɫ
ǧˣ˵ζһ뵽Щٶȫ˽ĺã̾˼֡
ǣȥȾˡҲûյ繡
ۣ֣ͼס󣬡ȾƣӲá
ǧ򴽣ֱӱܿĶ֪ʹʦġ
ָеɫŨء
һǧѾ߽ͤУķ򲢲Ƿ䣬ǶǼ鷿
θʵط𣿿ȿȡ
ĿǧָһмֶһҧǿԼסˣʦطűǣʲô
˵ţǧ鷿һ۶ûиΡ
ζԶȥӰֻúϮ͵ֽסҿ
ȿȡ˺ѷεĿԺ쳹ûȳѪˡ
νŲģڵϡ
ҹһ߳ٷסҡҡ׹ӣӣ¶죬˷Ҳ֪࣬Ҳˡ
νǵѪղɣ޷Ҳǻ֪ġҲֻͷϣӦþͻ˰ɡ
Ļ
ǿִֵˡ
·ӻطЪϢҹ˵
δˣҹŽ뷿䡣
ڶգǧ˼ڶҪš
Ÿһ̤ſڣͿӭ˹ɫɲҰףǱҹƺûѪɫˡ
ǧţ̲סüͷǸ֮ˣӶ´߶Լ
ͳô𣿡μϵ緹ûôʵ
ɳ͸ǧٴһҧҧĿⶨڱ𴦵ҳԱˣʦá
򴽣㻹𣿡
ǧȻĿ⣬Цֻǲѡ
սָ⣬˫һĨʹɫ
ʵҵ⣬ҡ
λδ˵꣬ͱǧϣʦһ¾ˣϵķ»ţڳӦ



494 ʹʦֱŤ

кһĨϲɫ˵ڹԼ
˵ʲôʱͼǧѾת뿪ģȥΪ
վԭأָա
߳ͤǧ³һīŪ͵øϽˣٲԼУ޷԰Ρ
ҧҧ̧뿪
ŸսѧԺͼīһŭǧãǰѧԺĸ߲㻹һȺ̣ǽϣǾǲϣ˵ʵԶûȥѧԺĿܡ
˵ǧüĿһݣҪҵĨȥˣ
Ҳ֪˭ܽŪī°ͣչӳ˫ӨҲżһһ취
ǧ۾΢Ǻΰ취
īתЦݲ˫ǲȥǾԼȥ
ǧҲЦ⵹ǺãΪ֪Ͳ±¹𣿡
ī费Өм֮⣬Ϊ㣬˵ࣿ
ǧ΢΢һĿⶨڱ𴦣װûеɫʵҪȥˣڹؼʱ̱Ƿָˣǰˣ
¡īЦݰܿȡһɰƿӡ
ǧеƿӣװʲô
īҡСƿӣһأȻǺöӣٸʲô
ǧһۣƽﲻ̫ףһؼʱ̴ӲӣеĶȻǺñȻҲĵ
ЦŨҵĵ˫ոӷ͸ʱҪҰæĵط
ī轫ƿսУʱҪͬһȥҲӦ
ǧһҪˣǽж
Ҳôġī˶٣ֵǽʱںѧԺе㡣
ǧһâã档
̸£ֵ֮ǧվԭ뵽ϾȥѧԺоһ˵ãһ뵽Ժ󽫻ῴΣͷһĨ
ģô뵽ˣ
ǧ˦˦Դæǽ˴Ժ޳
ȻԼȫ⣬Ҳϡˣ
ǧһͷ뿪˺ѧԺȥӶ˺öֱҹŻصͤ
ΪѾ˯£ɵȥԼڷʱͼеĵƻţһڵƻ֮¡
ɫ԰ףε·һͻᵹˡ
ǧüͷôڣ
򴽣ڷδʱ뿪
ɷ۾⣬һӾͷˣôû극ɣ
ǧ½Ų˫ҧý
ǰжǳݹѱò⣬ĵĹʵܲ𡭡
Ťͷ쳣Σѽ˵ҲˣĵĹϵʵܲ𡣡
һ˵Ǽʣ
ǧ䣬ѵ𣿡
νû˵һ仰Ĭʲô
ǧ½ǣûת뿪ͬ˵ˡ
οԶȥıӰе鲻ǰ״Ҳ޹⡣
˿̣ǧǻͷܿеĳʹ꣬δͷȻͿˡص鷿ȥռŪ˼ԣʱȥ˺ѧԺ
ȥʱīѾˣüЦӵõ硣
īվ»֮£˫һ˪̾ӷǳ£ȻΪġ
ǧۣ̽ĿͶ𴦣ӵǰ·ЩҲܰһЩ
īǰ棬عͷ״һ䣺ʵں棬ǽʦɣΪֿҰæѲĨȥֵǴʦ
ǧüͷ壬ˡ
û뵽
ī蹴𴽽ǣֵһΪʹʦֱŤˡ
ǽˡ
ӣֵŤǧЦ𣬺һԳ
ֻ˼ȫû£ֻСڴʱء
뵽˴ǧֻû²ˬҧ꣬ӵ±Ҳ²ˣиҪҪɱˡ
īʲôˣһ·ϰǳ
ܿ˾һŽյ¥ǰ¥дšܽޡĸ֣ƮҶ֪ⲻɽĵط



495 βҩˮ

ܽޡѧԺ߲ŸҪڵĵطǧһ٣ֵûԿףǽȥġ
īһЦٴͳһԿף֪Щ̲ҵģҾͳû͵͵ܽޡԿ׵ģ壬ոϹһһģһġ
ʵԿ»˸һ⡣
ģ̌һǲＸ֣ӵǴȻôһС
δī˵ЩʲôùԿὫŴ򿪡
֨߹һ죬ҹԵΪͻأ
ǧ¥ϸϸ˼ۣûκο֮¥ˣȽȥǷĶ
áī轫ϣ漴
ǧǰţ紵ʱں㷢ڷƮ漴һĨŮƮɢ
īŵ㣬һ㶣۲ҲŻζͣϸһиֶ
ҵˡǧϵһչʱдż֣ǧѩɴɴī裬Դҵ־һС
īŻȻ񣬡ղ˵ʲô
ǧϵ֣ûʲôֻǶ֡˾Ϊûȥ
˾ȥѧԺˣ˳ԵѧһЩᡣīһ߽ͣһ߽ƿеĶȡͿĨ档
ԭˡǧȻصͷľٶ̲סʵղͿЩʲô
βݵҩˮѡīеҲתһ˲買ǳͿĨβҩˮĵطд֣ЩּʱʧʱԺЩֱὫԭȵִ棬Ӷǰ
ī˶٣ֵʱˣѧԺ߲ʱǿС֣ɵתֵҸʱβҩˮҩЧı֡
ǧ۾һдԼ֣ûʧˡ
üһ䣬īļ򣬵֪л㱦֮¶лˡ
īӱӣЦãлңĸԸΪġ
ǧֻûԭȵλúתˣ߰ɣñƼץס˰ѱͲˡ
ī뵽˻ѧԺ£;̡
ǧ֪˼ߵ͵ȻѾɣҲô͸ˡ
ī迴ԶȥıӰ̡
ʱѧԺûзΣ治
ǧصͤžͽ鷿С
һУеüΪ˳
ǧӣ¶ߡ
ڶա
ѧԺ߲㽫չûκ©Ǳ㽫˻ʵС
ʵϣܿͽ򿪣һɵĿ䵽һʱüͷȴָֺܿȥѧԺѧϰıǧѩī裬Դɴɴǧˡ
վڳϣ֣üͷһ
СѾͷ潫ָȥ
ֱǺ֡
ʵϸһ£漴ͽŵϣתͷʵʦΣ
һվ͵Ĳ˽츳֮ˣȥѧԺѧϰȻܹϰòٱ졣
ʵۺǺһЦûǧ֣Ӹˡ
ȷȥѧԺĽ츳ѧ޺Ǹˡʵ˵˼仰ǽԱǲɢˡ
νַڴ䣬಻ϣҲ֪˶ŻصͤС
أμ鷿ˣɳҹһ䡣
ҹɫ԰ףæ˼£ȥѧԺˣһͻ
뵽ϵǸ֣ûؿԣǲͣˣҷ
ҹӦ˵ЩʲôͼѾص˷С
ҹվԭأɫŨŨĵǡ
ӵĲˣŲӱ˺ö࣬ȥֻһµʱ䶼ûˡ
ûãǧʹͷˡ
ҹһæǰ˵ˣȥУҪ˵
ǧüµسȽյķſȥ֪ˣھȥ
ҹһ㶣Щǧˬ죬Ӳ
ǧһȥ֪ҪԼ˵Щʲôʦġ
ſվ˿ŽŴ򿪣߽ȥͼߣϻڷһտĲˮ΢΢һԵƮɢ
ϵĲǧЩ㱡
ǰҲݹˮʱǰĺá
ϧȫǼٵġ



496 ôϵŷΰ

ǧÿºʵʦʦ𣿡
νֵڴ䣬԰׵ɫ˶ݣ֪Ҫʲô
Ѿ֪ҵ˰ɣǧŲЦ⳰ûԸȥģбĨȥҵ֣ȻҲбҵ³֣³ɶ֣ҪҲá
νһ˫纣Ҿ֪ıº͵ӣ
ǧˮһ£ɲǣ˫մȾˮޱȣʦȻ֪ˣֻҩὫ˽͸
еɫΪͬ˵ҽĨȥΪҩºڰҵİȫұŲΪҪԣ
ǧۣˮطϣһΣҲҪļʣã뽫±ֻΪҩ
ҧǡ
ҩҲ˼ġǧŲ豭˫ͬɽ֮ѩǳ뽫һֱߣ̫˽𣿡
ָһ
֪˽
ֻ뻤㡭οŽ˵
ǧûĻϣüҾҪȥѧԺˣϣʲô˽飬һ㲻
͵סĿڣʱֻĿʹѵҪѿһ㡣
㣬𣿡
ǧüִۣ³
һ˲궯ȴǱܿƽǧɳƣΪβˣ
ΪǧһβվΪشʱ򣬾ͼͻȻͷǹһĨЦҲ㣬Ҳ㡣
ĻڷУȴζС
νָ⣬һֽܿʹ˿˿̵ı顣
˵ܺãҲ˵ҲԶ˵Ļġ
ǧ˵ЩֱӶŶ
ص鷿ҪЩȴûͤκζ㵹Ҳ˼ȥˡ
ǧŪһЦ㿿ǽҲ֪Щʲô
ֱɫЩˣǧŻȻ°վͻȻ˫žЩˡ
˼źࡣ



497 Ҫʲô

ǧߵߣ㽫Ӵ򿪡
һɲ紵ֱֱͷĳ÷۵ıǰޱȵɫ
Ѿˣ˽뿪طǻ뿪Ρ
Լ뿪ˣεĲ᲻񻯣
ǧⷳҧҧԼǼζѾ˵ˣ˵ǣѲϵֻзһ
յؽӹϣžƺ«㳯Էȥ
ǧߵſڣüһһѽŴ³ƿ
ڴϿ飬Ķ汻һ
̧ǧвһĨϲɫˣ
ǧƺ«ϣģϾҾҪˡ
սе鼮֮䣬Ҫ𣿡
ǧÿ£Ц֮кιϵأǲʦ˵Щʲô
򴽣纣
ǧͷֳ֣ȻҪǴʦҺȼưɣӲãǲҲ㡣
ƿ죬˼
ȻǵƣȻҪȵģȿȡ˵ţֿ
ǧһȴ˵ÿ̱ʦҪȾǲźˣǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ٴμԨһ㣬ҵӲֵزȼͻǿԵġ
ǧƱƵǰȻˣǴʦͺȰɡ
ִƱͷ¡
ľˮǣ˲Ū
ʦôƲ𣿵á
üͷһٴνˮС
ʦֻǺˣЩЪϢĺãҲҪȥˣϾҪˡ
˵ţǧվſȥ
֣ҪץסȴʼץͽеֻһĨ
ҧǰ˫ָһЩɫ
ǧһߵſڣھʲôһæǽŲ£ֱųһȥ
μͷһĨϲ㡭
ϣ㲻Ҫڡ



498 

ɳƣӳµ˫һȣͬݷŵĺˮޡ
ǧû뵽ˣ͵صԲ㡭
벻ƽչѵˮķξˣǿ¡
ſңۡ
ɳƺ£һͺˡ
ǧץ˫ؿ컨壬ɷԼΪ
ҹ֮Ǿˡ
ǰҪһ֮εΣǶԼģһ뵽ӻ˶ΪԼȫ⣬ȴԸı䲻ȵʵôѰ
ԣҲ˸ղŵôһ
ΪԽǿˣȴû뵽
ǧ΢΢ۣٴʱѾ賿ʱˡ
ΪԵʣͷǺһƬǧƿ֧ӡ
˻ۡǧ۵Ťˣٴһȫɫĺۼһʮˡ
ǧҧæ𴲱ߵ·ϣʹ˴
ҹʵ̫ƣΪЩߵģȴмȻιȥüΣǼһ￴Źѵˮʵһֻ̫õޣ
ǧһŤͷַλ˯ţɫȴǺ˲٣ĲҲ˰ɡ
Ҳã֮ˡ
ǧȡֽʣдֺŶ
վ͵Ҫ뿪ˣյһо͵һΰɡ
֮֮޹ϸ𡭡
ǧʹһѧԺȥ
ɫ΢ʱˡ
̫ѨҹĻĶȾһΡ
ʶȴһĨסŤͷʱǧѲˡ
ˣ
οٴ´Ҫȥʱϵһֽ
ֽչļ۴ʹ˫
νֽ߬УһĨЦ⡣
ǣȻ飬СѾͷ塭
һУʱҹŶ룬һŵӣ˽ҪȥѧԺˣͲȥ𣿡
һȥѧԺη䣬ҫĹ衣
ҹ󣬺ЩһˣɫˣҲˣƽ죬ֵĽ
νָ⣬˫ͬһůҲ˫ůȥ
˿첽ѧԺȴ֪ϵЩѧ뿪
ȻѾˡ
վԭأ纣
еȡ˺һ顣
ͬҲûм
ҹ֪˺ʲôæǿʵӣѾ뿪Ĳ
βתҵĲѾˡ
ҹһ㶣ȴҲϵɫͳ죬Ҳ˵ǧˣ
뵽˴ҹɫһ죬ȴһϲʵӺͷѾ˵Ǻͺˣ
ָһеɫչ½ܺͺǾͺˡ
ؼǵϣ㲻ѡ
ҲֻһԸ˵һԸ⣿
ҹһȥηǰ棬ƺƽոӵĮˡ
ҹӣȻѾˣΪӺЩˣ
ȸɭ֡
ѡѧɭЪš
ѧԺ涨ȥѧԺͱһһ߹ȥʹκοԷеħޣʹþͱΪҲ޳
ǧЩҰӡɴɴһЩҰЦ
ǧ͵СȣɫҲЩѿҹ̫Ū޷ú·ˣʹ棬µҩҲ޷ת
лִһöҰǳ֭ζ
ɴɴۣʵɫãǲˣ
ǧҡҡͷûУֻΪ̫˷ܣ˯߲㣬ɫȻЩˡ
ɴɴҧһڴҰӣЦǰҲ˵˯š
ǧЦ
ʱīԴŪһЩҰζ
ȸɭħ޾ۼȻҲвٵҰζ˽Ұζɾ˻ѿʼտһ˲磬ʳָ󶯡
ǧԸȡī˺һȣݵǧС



499 ȥѧԺ

ǧ¼ȣǳǳлл
˵䣬ĿӹԣͶԶֵС
Ҫˣͷδ˺Ҳ
ʧЦŴԴȴһĨǳǳģȴҲš
սеļȣǽ΢΢š
û£ʹ֮㲻ˣεҲ޳ֱҲ벻
ãǳԵ㿪ģΪβأǧѩһϮ£ղű޳⣬һ·Ҳûͬ˵ɰŪˡ
ǧе˺ȥ⻰˵ģһ·϶˵ŮƵģĸҴ㰡
ǧѩһ˵
Ƕ˵òã
һѰһ⣬ã֪֪ǰЩǧѾηɱˡ
ɱˣ
ǧ΢΢һ㶣ҵǲ֪
һֱڿǷε⣬ȫ⣬ǧѩ˵ŻȻѣܿ쵹Ҳ
ùæȻע顣ǧѩ洽
ǧЦҲһĬϡ
ǧѩֻԼˣɫӲãüúŵãܸһЩҰζ𣬴ͷֻһЩҰʵڳԲ
Ǹ𿾵ģȥҪɡǧָָտˡ
ǧѩ˸ȹͦص˹ȥЦʵܸЩҰζ𣿡
Դһֵۣݸһ龫ʥŮá
ǧѩֽӹЩرŴǣȾЩ⣬Լš
ԴȴûʲôԣʣµǸԼġ
һϯ˶ԱˣīŲ˲ͣ죬ѧԺǲȥѧԺǻֻȸɭǻ˵ѧԺԶ·;֮жвΣյǣһ·Ҫ໥֣ɢˡ
ǧƵƵͷӵ˵ò·;ǶħޣŽ϶ɱΧ
Դɴɴͬⷬ
ǧѩȴΪȻ߽ױϵֻһҲɱΧ
ǧѩüȻǱ£ħҶܽǸܡ
һȴû˽ⷬϡ
ǧѩˣҧгݣҲ˵ˡ
ǧ˹ּɡ
ȻѾ˶ӣǼ·ī°վϣ֮ǰٶһЩ·
һǼȫվǧѩЩ鲻Ըġ
Ҳûжԣڴ󲿶Ӻ棬ȥͦɵġ
ǧͷ˼ۣ¶Ц⡣
һʱ֮뿪ȸɭ֣ȸɽͷ
ɽ뿪ȸ½Ĵ½߾ĵطһ˶ѧѧԺ
վɽɽ羰ʱѪþòɢȥ
ǧ˿̵ҲӵĲʣֻܿЩѧԺʱܸԼԺڰҲæҡ
ɽǾ뿪ȸ½ɫδǼӽ·ɡīͷеЦ硣
ǧѩᳶǣԵǸһ·ˣĴ½紦ΣշǳϵӲǺܲ
ǧʶĿͶǧѩϣⷬ˵õͦԣҹɫ̫ˣ߾ôΣյȷǰˡ
Ҳͬ⣬ԭϢٸ·ɡ
ǧ˵ţѾÿ
ǧѩ΢ΪԼȴ뾹ͬˡ
ǣ˼Ѳµĺܡ
īҲʶԼ˼ǲܣæǱǸ˼ǲܣǴԭϢٸ·
ҹȸɽΪ䣬ʱʱз紵ɪɪ
īǧߣ̫Ҳұֵ̫ǣ費ҪҰ׸㣿
ǧҹ˫Ө͸ȴְƽռвͬԾɼأĪǻϵħʦˣ
īһ٣ڨڨӡ
ȥҰζˣ
˵ţīվ
ǧ뿪ıӰܿջĿ⡣
ɴɴÿߣ¶ϺۼףǧĲǲˣΪЩϵĺۼ
ǡ
ǧۼֿؽۼסûˣǰЩӲץһЩۼѡ
ɴɴͷԭˣһΪء
ǧᳶǣЩΡ
ôˣջƹµĺۼʵ߳ܣҲ֪ʱʵ
ǧˣīЩҰζҲǵĻ˸߰˰ˡ



500 ǲ治

ǧһɴɴ˵ûˣǲץһЩۼѡ
ơī뿴
ǧΣŮбġ
īڨڨһЦŷӦԼղŵĻ̫ͻ
پǧ˿
ַΣۼ
ͤ
鷿һ죬ڵˡ
ٻһʣŽëʷһԡ
鷿ͨǰֽ̽ϻһŮ˵ģϸһŮ罿촽ӣǴһذ۱˵ζ飬˫
ǧ˫룬޳ָ⻺Ů˵ա
ʹֽ̽ϻЩʲô
ʱδ˵ЩʲôȴȻ˴𰸡
Ҫʼնֻ뻭һˣϧδü˵Ȼȥ˵Ҳ
ҹŽ룬ֽ̽ϻǧģ̲סڵӣǷˣȥ׷ü
΢
սų̣Ӧȸɽڤȥ׷ȷܹ׷
ɾ׷Ҳͬ
ԵŮӲͬԼ˼룬ǲԭ̤ǽһķֻʵ䷴
ζֽ̽Ůӽ޵ģЩڽĨȥӦҲ
ȥ׷ҲãȥѧԺһ̾ϢĮû֮ɫ»ǲҵġ
ҹһ
Ӻͷ˻С
ôˣ
ӻδ˵ҹЩϴε죬֪ὫǺ㣬Ȼ˵Ƿ
νָ⣬ɢڼͷҲЩʧɫ
˵˵Ҳ˵Զҹ˵ǲ治ˣ
ҹٴס⻹һκ⣡
Ƭ̣ſڵֻӲһ֮ôβ
ɫһǾĻЩ
Ȼ֪ǧβĶȴ̲סõһ롣
ò̧£ڰݲȸ½չѰ˼ЩȥѧԺһ˵Ҳ
ҹһתȥ㡣
һߣο廪ɫһƬȻ
ڣûа˯˼



501 ַ

գǧ˯
˶ֽţǾûǰˣٹЩʱӦþͻȫ˰ɡ
ǧվһ˵ȻδȥЩʳ
̫ӵƽһ˵Ȳ
㣬ǧʲôɴɴӣһԡ
ǧŴĶڸһЩĢĢ
Ģζ̼ζ٣ɴɴſˮĶˣֲ㣬ǧû뵽㻹
ǧЦ
ǰҪΪ˲ȻҪԼԵġ
һٷԱ˼·
ȸɽ·վ˴ʱŰߵɽ¡
ǧѩŲԶĲַǿǴǱߵַǾܿٵִĴ½߾ܽʡʱ䣬ҲһЩ·
˳Զַȥ
ƵַԡչУɾǿԾղַ棬谵ɭ紵ַ죬ԶԶȥҰ޵Ѫڣ·ڵȴʳĽ롣
ǷַԴɫһ䡣
Դ˵꣬Ҳ
ַ֣˵ǰһǳأԴģ˶ɲ֪ôһҹ֮ǳؾһ棬ö֮ͱħռ죬Ҳͳ˿˵ķַ
ЩȥַѰȴȥ޻أͱħ˺˰ɡ
ʥŮǻǱȥַ˰ɡԴתŶۣӲøַȷʵ߲·֣вͻᱻħ˺ѡ
ǧѩüΪΣˣʵǲģѵԽַ𣿡
ɴɴ򴽣Ǳȥ˰ɣ˵ַںյġ
ǧŲԶַ۵ŨŨζ
Ͽνķַ˵ʱǳر⸱ģͷûܼʱͷıȡַлв󱦱ʶǰȥ̽Ҳ֪澿ûкö
ӵ£ҵΣǧѩ°΢߰
īΪ˴룬ſڵҪȥѧԺǲҪյĺá
ǧѩɫࡣ
Ϊܳ·ǶǵС
ȻǲȥԼȥˡǧѩۣѾҪַ
īҪȰ裬ȴѾ棬ܿ㲻Ӱ
ǾôͽȥˡǧɭַȥһۣôһȻߡ
ԴſˮȥˡǸΣ
δͨ⣬ַʹһ
˺ʣ촫˶
ǧۣû´Ӧǧѩġ
Ѿˣ
ʥŮѾˣԴɫҰףŵýͰ͡
ī豾ַ̤һҽ½ŲǧѩˣҿǻӦȥ
ʥŮӵѪѪ֮ˣ£ʵ֪˶ȻʱȥѧԺҲ̫ƽ
ɴɴקǧ䣬Ҫȥ𣿡
īüϾȸ½ʥŮѪѪܷβܡ
Դ챻ſˣԼãǷҪַҲ£Ǹðȥ档
īšüͷȻҲȥܲΪȸ½룬ǧѩȡ
ǲȥ£Լһ˽ȥ
ǧЦǵ֪ǧѩѪѪ֪᲻ա
Ҹһͬȥ
Ů
īһ㶣ܵؽĿͶǧϣ΢΢ˣַ֣㵱Ҫͬһȥ𣿡
ǧվڹߴذ׵裬ɢīԡչ£ʱš
ҪһͬȥѧԺģȻһǲС
䣬ǧָ⣬ȴһ
ΪǧѩŽַģַʮ⣬ʲôȥ̽ýѰǧѩͷ룬ǼΪġ
ذ۷ī𴽽ǣеοǺãһͬ룬ǲ룬ѰҰȫ·ȥ
صŮǲͬʶˣ
ǶȥˣҲҪȥɴɴקǧ䲻š
ɲɵǰȫ·ҲΣգЩǿȫȥˣԴǸΣˣ
ˣǧʡ
ɴɴæͷȻˣҸǽȥ
֪ǧʵû
ҡҲȥԴſˮղ˿ڡ
īǺãһͬȥҲиӦ
䣬̧ſַС
һ̤ͷ谵͸ƵģŪ˻ڡ



502 һ¥

ǧһҲʮ־񣬡ͬѰСĿɱɢˡ
ĵطʺǿħ޳ûһɾ裬ȻΪħ޵Ŀ
ǿһѪաԴһ
ǧһݣʲô뽫ͷħ޶й
ݺݵģԴæסͣһ˫Сۻŵ
ī踩ָմһЩѪҺѪջδɣ£ȻǸղµģǧѩġ
пܡǧϿһۣĿ϶ʲô飬߽ױϵڶʱ˵Ŀ϶ѰħޣǸҪСӦԡ
ԴŵɪɪַڹȻʲôһ
ǧһݣѹȵºҲãҴʮ־Ѳιħޣ
Դ͵ҡͷŮ˺ףħ޻ס
Ǽǰߡīǰ棬䵱ͷˡ
ǧĿȴΧƣǳ
ַȫǶԫбڣбɽ䣬ܸħһ֮ء
ʶһ㣬ǧͫ͵һ
ղź񿴵ɽ棬һ˫޴۾עǡ
ǧתͷʱȻ˫޴ͫ
ħ޵̰ͫͲѪ֮ɫ
ǧ͵ؽīһߣúҲȥˣɽһֻħڶǣǹȥǶȻΪʳ
û´Ӧƥ˽׵ļǣٶ磬ڲ֪½ϵһ˺Ѹɾ
ħޣħޣԴЩ档
ɴɴҲͬĺ棬īϸϸܣȻΧֻħڻ
ûܴڲԶɽУƥħ޾ͲС䣬īǧһۡ
һʱ俴ͱɱֲˡ
ǧ񣬡Ӧһƥ˽׵ļǣٶ磬ɴɴ͸ñϵħס͸һնɱ
ɴɴЩĵģҶסأ
ǧļ򣬴£ʱǲУһϵħ㡣
ɴɴŰ˼֡
ǧеɱйǾͿʼս
𡱵һǵɽдڳ
ɴɴӶŽȣһɫħʱѩ
һ˲֮涳ᣬҲֱֱԭء
ءǿһ˲Ҳѿ֡
ǧۣеĻԾԾԣڣ趼ʶ
īһЦСѾͷôôĬ
ִϡ
ʯ֮䣬еĳתһӰͬһ㣬ֱӳȥһ̣뼲ڣһѪ֮
ԴͷʾԴҡ
أ
Դ֮󣬲㽫Դҿ
ǧ΢Ļӹȥʱǲһ
ʱֻá顱һ죬Ǿ޴ӺȻأһգΪġ
һս۽˽˿
ǾȻܽ˽׵ļǴܣǰûԴ˲ϵĺˮȴǾޱȡ
ղһսǸٵġ
ǧĿȾ˻ɱˣǰҴһƥ˽׼ǵûˮ
ɴɴͣҲԣûˮ
˵ӶЦַּȥ
ãǶԫбڣв͵ɽ
ǧۣǰ̽ʱһʵĲ¥
ǿһ¥󡣡ָŲԶǸط
Ƶ¥չ֡
˽ĿͶȥʱһ󾪺
Դ˴ƣЩ֧֧¥ɭ϶ŲΣհɣ
ɴɴͣҲǡ
ǧŲԶ¥ܾʲôںǰ̽򴽣ŤͷīҾǧѩܿܽ¥УӵΪأ
īü˼⡣
һ·ǶûǧѩӰֳɵ¥ǧѩҲ˵
Ҿпܡī˼Ƭ̣૳
ǧһĨеĹΣǽȥ̽һ
ī¥ʵڿɣҪҺԴȽȥ̽ʵûΣڽΣ
ԴһɫЩѿ
ǧû뵽˵˻ſڵһȥɣҲиӦ
īҡͷִҪԴȽȥ
Դɥ˫Щ԰ס
ǧվͷĿ뿪ܿ˵Ӱʧڲ¥С



503 ǵ

ɴɴǧ䣬ʵǧѾȥˣӦûµİɡ
ǧǰĲ¥󣬵ģǻûµģ׼һ£һҲýȥˡ
ɴɴŤͷʱŵϴ֮Ҳ¶һĨ־֮ɫ·ǿʲô¶һ㡣
ԶɽУһֻɫľ޴ӵɳҲ˲׶̣޴ĶʱſѪڣʳɽе֭Һͣ죬֮ȫǳԺ̰
һֻԽʮ׵ľ޴棡
ǧɴɴеس䣬Ҫ޳ˡ
ǧĪôˣ
ɴɴɴӲӵ쿴һֻԽʮ׵ľ޴棬˵᲻ṥǣ
Խʮף
Ǿʥףˡ
ħ޽֮֡
ǧŤͷȥɵһֻɫþˣռǽ棬ŵϴǱ붨Ȼ޷ӳ졣
һֻʥ׵档ǧɵĵһ
ǾŽ׵Ļʮ׵ģ΢ʹСӹһٵģǰֻʥ׵ģʥ׵ħʮ׵Ҫ׺ǿʮǰˣС͵űɡ
ǲӲӲҸطǧٶȻɴɴתߡ
ɴɴŵЩӲͷʱȻĿ⽻ˡ
Ŀɴɴˣ˫ȶøˡ
ǧҲУ߲ղڿңˡ
ɴɴŵ亹ֱɫҲɫ
ǧݺݵ߲ҲߣֻǷֻжжǶꡣ
䣬ǧקϽܡ
ɴɴľżеظĽŲ
ȡ
ʱ򣬾һֵ˶쳹ǧһĿⲻһ¡
ֻɫ澹Ȼųˣٶȼ죬ʱ쫷羹ղڵǽŪóױ
¡¡
ǽڿлһ˵Ļȣ漴ڵ棬֮𶯵ನ˶𣬹̳ҲΧŪ
ߣǧקɴɴƵıܡ
ֻ澹Ȼɣҷɵúÿ죬ǱϣȻȥ޻ء
ǲͣܣͣܡ
һֱƴ׷Ѿ϶ԼĿ꣬Ѿʳ˺öɽ֭ҺȻҪЩıһ»ʳˡ
ǧǻ᲻ɴɴŵɫҰףֻ治ͬħޣǿʥ׵İ
ǧۣҪͷܣǻûµġ
𣡡
ƺǵıܣǺгһɲѣ̳̳ǰȥ·ڱΣǧ½Ųֻ̳
̳ɢȥǧֻһᣬŤͷʱɴɴѾˡ
ʶģģ̌գɴɴѾץߣֻץʳųˣģòڡ
ǧҧгݣһ˲Ͷֻ˫
ֻ¶һĨЦڳЦǧ޴Ͳ
ɶ񡭡ǧҧ⺧ȻԭֻĿɴɴžЩ̳ĿľΪ˽ɴɴץߡ
ƤӵˣĻıóѲС
ǧйǣֱӽٻ
ȸģʡ
ǧվںıϣһ˫磬дһĨĺ˪
ȸַ֮ܿ׷ٵж켣
ŮˣүѾ׷ֻ棬ʵã޷ʥ׼һӲƴġ˵ޣЩ֪֮
ǧȭɫ裬ֻ֪뽫ɴɴȳѣͷһ˦ǡ
ȷ᷸ɵٴμӿٶȡ
һ˲֮䣬ͺƽ
Ťͷڳ𾪣ôҲ벻һССྐྵٶȣٶħеٮٮߣ΢ྐྵ׷
ͺһЩ΢ܹԽ
Ůˣүȸסֻ棬취Ů˾ȳ˶٣ֵүŴڳɳڣϲ˶ãٶһҪ죬֪𣿡
֪ǧѪ﷨ȡչҫһ廪Ȼ𾴡
ĺ˺ѳգȸ֮ͬˮһڳȥ˵ȸ֮ܽһл𣬿ɻδ͵ȸ롣
ܿϹޣһ˲¶Ū
ֻǳɳڵȸҲ˴󵨣ҲǷַӵ¶
֪ԼСˣɫѿɢ档
ȸ֮һϯŷ˲ϳϮȥ



504 ٶٶȵĽ

ǧô˻ı
£ɴɴ̶汳ϣϵ׶쳤ֱӽɴɴӹ̶סˡ
׶̼̣
ǧҵ𣿡ɴɴŵˡ
ǧĿϵ׶̣㻹ðɣ
ɴɴ϶ڣС
ΨнЩ׶̴飬ҲܽȳǧѪ﷨Ⱦ𣬵һܻЩۣҪ֪𣿡
Ұɡɴɴ˫ףҲۡ
ǧӲĳ£Щ׶̾Ȼ˿
ɴɴܵನ𶯣۵˫ЩŤ
ǧ˼£ȴûá
ۿźͿ첻УǧҲһЩ
ôأ
ɴɴȻǧ߰ɣˣһܱ˶ɥðɣ
ǧۣȣ˵ǲ
䣬ǧǲܽ׶飬Щ׶̽˱ͱô
ɴɴ㻹ʹñϵħ𣿡
ܡɴɴָ⣬ȴǲΪʡ
ǧĿ⾧Өѩ죬Щ׶̶סҶԽԽã֪𣿡
ɴɴһ㶣ϸζҲʢ˾⣬Щǧ˼ˡˣһЩ׶̶ôġ
䣬ɴɴħһɲǱѩ죬ϵ׶ֱӱסˡ
ǧ£ֻáԡһ
Щ׶̾ۿüٶѸɾûãɴɴɻˡ
ǧĺҲôɴɴЦôҲָһЩѪɫ
ȱ̫ãǰһ˵ɡǧɴɴصϡ
ô˻ᣬͷܡ
׶̱飬۵˻вֹԼﱻߣ˫ɺ죬ųͷȥ׷
ĳ޴֮ǽ׷ѣɳ
ǧϽǰĻҳȷɣǹİɣʼʩһ򾡣
ɴɴһۣܿ㿴ͷ­ȸղŸˣǧ˵ܲΣգ
׶̴飬Ȼˡǧ˶٣ٴοڵܽȳȻа취վͱˡ
ɴɴӦһһͼԼڴıϣһ㶣֮̾ǧֻԼħƯ
ǧһ㶣ȻûƳϹȸ
ţȷԼħޣк
ɴɴٴξ̾ú֣䡣
ǧЦȴһĨŭɫܡ
޴࣬ޣħޣ
׷ᣬɫһĨ꣬ųǧ˵үҪʼˣˣˤ˱үŲ𡣡
ǧ֪ˡ
ۣʼ£ٶȼɽһ㡣
ɴɴΧϱ仯ķ羰г
ǧһק󣬲ȥ
ƿǵͼٶˣֻգһ˲Ȼ˺ǰ
ǧȻɴ۾۵һ־޴ͷ­Ҫһ˫ľ޴ŭ죬Ҫ˺ѡ
ɴɴɫҰֽ˫Ҳֱ
ͻȻ˾ޱ䣬Ҳֻ΢һ£һתٴν˦
治ģ׷ᡣ
һٶٶ֮Ľ˭֧䣡
ϹޣȻԼ䣡
ųϵȸ֮ҫۣܽա
ʱ򡭡
һʵĲ¥ǧǰһҪײȥˡ
ͷǰ赲֮ǧ͵شгͼúͷ
ǣķٶȼ죬ҪͷѾˡ
գһ˲ֻá顱һ
ֱֱײǲƵ¥ϡ
̾޴ש£һ޿ûС
顭
𶯵ನþòɢȥʳû˷УȻҲˣգȳػȥˡ
Һ
ȥɣ
ש֮ҲನǧһשУֱ˹ȥѹʱɫѾˡ
Դһֱ̯㷢һ̲ѪգǵʱשͷҲ֪ûС
ǧֻԴγٷһѪźࡣ
ĵȹϵĻҳվŴǰطһޱȵĵطΧש飬СȫǣֻҪ߼ܲȵש顣
ǧҧҧĿ档
ӦǸ¥󣬱ôһײǾ͵ˣֻǳ̫Ǻʧɢˡ



505 »ɫֲ

ʶһ㣬ǧͷһ
еȼϵħһɲǣΧ˲˼֡
ǧһֵһֻɫС
Ǻ
ǧǰæǽѣû°ɣ
ǲѣǧͷ
Ҳ֪˶ãתѣҶݺݵŮˣ㾹ȻűүεϿıүԴ㵨Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǧνʼ磬ҿεֻ뽫Ѷѡ
Цɶࡣ
ǧקС򣬵ղŵʱɿɴɴ
ҡҡͷ֪ʱңүҲûע⿴
ǧüͷǾֻڸҿˣϣʲô¶źá
⴦¥ǸղīǽȥҲ֪һܲǡ
ŮˣүЩˣȽռȥЪϢһЩƣؿ˵
ǧӦһȥϢɡ
һؿռ䣬ǧ̽ط
λúһ޵Ա߰һŴѾˣһЩϸϸССȴҳѿԭӡ
¥ǰȻΪʲôǳػͻȻ֮ɻ֮أ
ʵڿҲ֡
ǧֱۣ߳޵߳󣬱Сǰ
·ͨĸͬķָѡһ
ǧۣЩѣҲûֱͣѡһ˽ȥ
·ͨη꣡
δ߶Զһҽ쳹
ǧۣȹڱٳԴȥ
ǵϤġ
ǧĿһᣬٴμӿŲ
Դ˫Ҳһ¡
ʲô
λǸӴɫֲﾹȻᶯſѪڣһһճ֭Һ䣬ĴϾȻ̴һˡ

΢ǧŲⱻ̵˾Դ
ô
ͬеīأѲѾⴥֳֹԵˣ
ǧ˼ʱɫֲ̧֣ԴС
ǧ͵ػ˫ʢ˱˪ֱ̧ƣһɲǣҵĻֱֱɫֲ﹥ȥ
ڵʯ֮䣬֮𾹽һնˣͬʱԴߵķֱȥ
ǧһקԴ󣬽˵档
Դŵ۴Уһʱ仹֪ԼѾΣգۣҺ£
ǧЩˣ۾ŭ죬ʲôǲҽ㶪ֹֿУſͣ
ǧԴ͵ؽ˲ϲǧ㽫Ҿ𣿡
ǧһۣң˭
䣬ŤͷһߵɫֲЩ»ģһʱ侹ҽӽǡ
ǧˣ˿
ôֻһǧʵīأ
ɫֲĴּԴǰһʱѪȻͣҲ۵ɫףҺӵ±һģ¥ΣأҲĶ֪࣬ǾɢˣڸղһŪҲҡҡλεģҾͱεطδͱֲˡ
ǧЩ
ղŵĺںײ¥ǽɵġ
Դ˵ڱˣȻͷʣˡ
䣬Դ¡
ǧԶɫֲ￴ȥͼЩ
˫һᣬԴתߡ
ԴһҪʲôͲǹ㣿
죬Ҫɫֲƹȥ
ǧüеĻ治ͣܶʲô»ֻҪл㲻
Դһˡ
ûãǾ뿪Ǹط
Դ·ɣʵɴɴôͻȻˣ
ǧһۣƬ̲ſڵҲȫǸղһ鷳ڻ֮Ǿͽ¥УҺɴɴȴʧɢˡ
Դһɿ˵ͬӵһģһ
ǧһѪؿڣæȡһöѪ㻹ǳԿѪɣѪȥֻ»ʧѪࡣ
Դϻһһ۵
ٽѪ£źࡣ
ҩáԴǧ࣬Ҫȥ
ǧһۣԼקţȻҪȥˣֵط˶ЩʤʹЩ
ԴЩСȴǾĻЩ
ҡ㣬ɱҶ¡



506 ǰһ

ǧΣһô㵨СŮӻ硭
ī跢ʲô£Ϊλɢˣǧ·Ȥ̲סʵ
Դɫһ䣬뵽ʲôһ㣬Ǹղһֻʥ׵桭ֻһֻ׷ǲţڻ֮Ǿʧɢˡ
ʥ棿
ǧ
ղźɴɴҲһֻʥ棬滹һֱ׷ܣ޿ܻз֮ȥ׷īǣѲɡ
ʥ治ֹһֻ
뵽ܣǧͷһ
Ǵ˵ۼֻϵ棬ֻǺͻΧ
ԴʣǧʲôΪࣿ
ǧһЦʥֹܲһֻΪղҲ׷ܡ
Դһŵĸβ㡭Ұ
ǧüԵ޹ʣΪҪ㣿
Դŵĸβקǧ䣬СϱƵġ
ǧЩȴקˡ
Դ㻹ǵīɢ𣿡ǧΧ˿ΧǺģש
Դҡͷʲôˣש࣬˭ǵ·
ûáǧһ
Դ죬һ仰Ҳû˵
ţǧȻȵ˵еճҺ
ͷ֮ϣҲвճҺ䣬ճҺȳĳֶĿˮ
ǧһƳͻȻһ˫ͭ׺
죬һֻʥ׵ɫ棡
ǧӦѸ٣Դͷܡ
ΪʲôҪܣԴδŪʲô
ǧͷҲأ嵭ˮܵĻѲ뵱ʥĿ
Դһʱŵƨ
꣬ﾹȻ桭
Դ۾дʣңҵⲻóԣóԡ
ǧķңɴһ죬˵û˵ư͡
Դһ̾ͱŵò˵ˡ
ڵĵ·ϱܣ·ϵש࣬һ·ϿĿģȴܿħצ
ǧǸô죿ԴȥҲǰ취ңǰ·Ѿסˡ
ǧǰһǰ·ѱʯסΪղŵײʹ˵ġ
ۣʢ⡣
ҪҲҪúңܳΪĿ
Դ㲻𣿡ǧȡѪ﷨ȣڳһӭսƣ취סأȥʯῪ𣿡
ԴƮЩƲ
ǰ첻Ǿ͵óΪĿˣʱʬ޴棬ҷǳǧ̾һ
Դ뵽Ǹ棬˫ٴδ˶£ҲҪΪܰ쵽ġ
˵ǧۣϡ
á
û˶ãвСƿն֮ڣܿͽ⡣
ǧŻ棬˫
Ļ֧Ų˶ãڼԴδʯῪֻҪ׶༪ˡ
ǧҧǰϸð
ǰĻҲԽԽˣ˻һ
ֻȻϨҪζˡ
ǧҽʯῪˣЩԴվڶڣǧ֡
ǧٳ涪ȥһŻųڿ񱼶ȥ
ҪܣæŲ׷˹ȥ
ǧͣһͣȴƽˡ
ڵʯ֮䣬ǧһ붴С
ԴһֱӹŴʯ齫ڶס
顱һ㲻ֱײڴʯϣЩͷת򣬾ֱֱ˹ȥ
ͷûжˣԴڴʯؿڣ˿һΪԼҪˣȴѲ
ǧҲǳһ߲ߵö
Դ͵վȻߵö
ɲҪֹطһͷأ
Ǿ߰ɡǧʯ鿴һۣʼǲȫġ
Դ˼ͻȻǰ治Զ͸һĨǧ㿴ǰһ⣬ѲǿԳȥˣ
ԴȸԾǧ͵קס󣬵ȱȥһҲһֱʥǸΣ
Դܵţɶ½Ų
ҪΣ
ǧĿ񣬡ŲȥɣһʲôҲлӦԡ
Դǧ
ǧ˳ǰĹӰȥǳǳ˿ȴͻȻкʲôָо֡
һ㶣ɼӿŲ
ԴҲ첽ȥ
ߵӰĵطǧɶ½ŲȴͻȻһĨ֮ɫ
ط



507 ؼ

طرҲƯԴһ˵еĸܡ
ǧĿһŻǰ⴦ȷǸΪƯĵطⲻ˸͸ӰĿһعĵط
⴦عɾر滨ھţڷҡҷܱһ޴ʯʯãȫȻûĺۼ
ղźײңôأ
ǧ۾ȫǽ䱸ɫ
ԴǰĵعӦǴ¥ɣΪλعĵطǧòЩ֣
ǧǽȥ
ȥˣԴҧ˽ȥ
һȥƮɢ⣬ǧ֣ǵָƣƯѡ
ԴЩηηβġ
ǧܿ˿ߵʯǰʯûκֻ֣һЩӵĻơ
ŤŤȥȴʮƯ
ǧǰĻƣͻȻú죬һʱȴ벻Ķ
һֱʯʲôԴ˳°ڣʵһЩƶѣʲôÿģ
ǧۣûʲôǾЩе졣
죿Դһ㶣Щ룬ҵ˻ƵĹؼǾ뿪طˡ
ǧ򴽲𣬼ǰʯͫһ͸һĨš
Һ֪ЩΪˡ
ԴͷһϲΪΣ
ǧռеѪ﷨ȡһɲǣ˵عеƱøӺ˼֡
ѪķӻҲ
ǧȾٵø߸ߣһ˲䷨ϵĻƺʯϵĻ໥ӳģȴַ·ںһ𣬡ԴǵĻƺ񣿡
Դֱ˫ۣǺ񣬷һģһ
ǧɫ䣬˫òɽ壬ǰģ˵ǺһɽѰãȴΪͬĻ

ȣΪλĻͬԴ̲סʵ
ǧҡͷ֪ǰʦҵģ˵ȾԣȴǳգĪǺʯйأ
䣬ǧָǰʯ
ʯϿӿݣֵ
ǧһۿȥͻȻʯ¿һССġ֡
ôһ֣ǧתܾۻǰʯйء
ԴһۿȥҲʯµǸ֣ɫ΢䣬˵ҲЩˣĪǸطǳϼ壿
ǧûͦ࣬ô˵
ԴͷƤ飬΢Ƭ̲ŵҲ˵ģ˵Ĵ½һޱȵϼ壬óǿȴû֪ϼ٣˼ϼˡ
ǧĿ΢΢š
ң
ѲɣѪ﷨ϼģ
ˣΪλСɽѰѵ˲ģ
ǧô붼벻ͨˣǾٺòˡ
Դɫ㱣ٴֹϼĿ־ȻѲɣ⴦¥˶ӹĵط
ǧһҲпܡ
ǳصĻҲйء
Ĵңҵټǧǰعڴ˴ҵʲôҲ˵
Դһ˫Ҳʱ
ĴңȴҲκõĶ
ǧҲѰûãʹӴʯҵһƹ飬ҵһ顣
Դһæͣж첽ߵǧߵʲô飿
ǧ鷭ƵҳһӳУЩӦһ֣Ҷġ
Īǣϼף
ѵϼףԴҳҲЩ𾪡
ǧǷһҳӳУɷҳʱһ£͵ԭء
Դɫԣæʵǧôˣ
ǧḧƵҳĿʱ֣˶˵ѪѪ£ϹԲ̿ѪѪ֮˵ĺ󱳴ͻ᳤ŰⱾҲмصġ
Դȥ濴дʲôŰҲͼޱ
ô֪Щ֪ϸԴЩˡ
ǧй飬Ŀ񼸷֡
Ĳ²ⲻϼܿҲ֪ѪѪ£嶼ѪѪйء
ҵϼ壬֪ѪѪʲôˡ
뵽Լ󱳴ľŰǧüͷɽ



508 ޱ

ڷѾҪϹԲסˣȻ󱳴ľŰ죬ұ
ԵһЩ˷֣ӻҲ
ǧۣٴνҳһҳȻǿհ׵ġ
ôǿհ׵ģԴֹ
ǧҲЩʧΪҵʲôȴָԼˡ
Ҳǣǲд˰ɡǧһͽ鶪ռУԺõõⱾ顣
Դֳܿ˿ֽ䴦и⣬ǧ㿴иĶ
ǧŤͷȥ淢һ⣬ߣǹȥʲô
Դǧ󣬵Сĸһ
ǧӣֳⶫȥ
ܿ죬һԲ͸һĨļӲ
ǧ֪ʲôָⲻһ¡
û°ɣԴСٶУЩǡ
û£ˡǧһͽǷⶫ˳
ϳʱŷһʯͷҷǳ޴ʯͷ沼Ө󣬹⻬ǳֻһ۱÷ǳƯ
Դִ˴ʯͷܾЩ֣ʲôʯͷȻÿҲܻͨоûʲôá
ǧҲ֪ǸʲôҪĿƿʱӺһ£Դ㿴ʯͷûпʯͷЩĻƣ
⼸ۣԴһĿҲЩƮĻơѵ溢ӣһܷС棿
ǧ򴽲
ԴԽԽܣƾ뽫ʯ鶪ȥ
ʲôǧۣĶ
Դ̿ˮ׳ӵҾⶫ꣬Ӧþ콫ⶫǡ
ǧȴͬԴĿҵⶫǸܰǶԸͷЩ棬Ͼۼôʥʵ̫ˡ
طħռ죬ʥ׵ħ޲ûڴ˴࣬м϶űʲô
Դҧ꣬̾һ͵ãɡ
ǧֱӽʯͷռС
ʯͷ˲䣬Ψعҡ·Ҫˡ
ǧ͵صɴ˫Դܳȥȴһصǰ
ص֮гĽݣ˳Ž±ޱȵڣǧƲ浽ײЩʲô
صȫعҲֹͣ˻ζ
ǧŰǰĵص˼׸òȥأ
һʲô
ɴ˴·Ҳ·ˡ
Դ˵ҪҪȥأǧָǰĵصص·޵Ŀڳݣھȴʳڡ
Դ̿ˮ˫Ҳ
Ȼǲðյģѱǲߵصͱ뽫ʥɱ룬ǻߵصɡ԰ȫһЩ
ǧϵħȻ˵صС
Դһ
ˡ
˵ĽŲڵصͻأԴ̿ˮܾЩŲͷ˵ĳظС
ǧûϵħܣȴִ˴ǽڣǽڣյЩˡ
˼һ̱ŵζڱǼơ
Դ͵סӣʲôζš
ǧҲæסһжͲˣţȥǰ̽̽·
Դһޱȵĵط
𰡣ͬһȥɡԴס½֣Щ¡
ǧΣ⵽СϱǴˣ
ãǾһȥ̽ɡ
䣬ǧűӳɢζĵطȥԴӶͬҶһ㡣
ߵԽζԽŨ˼֣ݱɳζ˱ǼӲϣֻǳһ㣬ûʲôء
ζǧɫҲЩѿʸǽ棬ɢζĵطȥһۿȥʱĿһ¡
Ҳֱԭء
֮
ڲԴҲʶӣʵô𣿡
ǧָָ棬ԼȥȽƽȣԼ濴֪ˡ
Դһ㶣С濴ȥȥԺԭأģǧҪż֡
ģʲô
Դŵĸβ澹Ȼһ޴ɫӣճҺЩŨޱȵĳζǴճҺɢġ
ǧɫӣüͷ𣬡Ҳ֪ʲô
ճҺڣʱʱðƺޱȡ
ǧǵһοôŹֵĶ̲סֶ࿴˼ۡ



509 ڻ

ԴѾŵɪɪǧǻǻȥɣⶫʵ̫Ź֡
ǧҲ֪Щ֣ǲ뿪Ҫ뿪ҪŪŹֶʲô
䣬ǧѾ뵽档
Դԭվ˻ӲͷƤ˽ȥ
һ׵Сߣƾһߵóȥ
ô˵ǱǧȺһЩɡ
ǧɫתһȦԾûзⶫʲôֻ֮ǳһЩˡ
ԣ⵽ʲô
ǧ°ͣⲽһֻȼܵ͵ħ޵ճҺС͵صɴ˫ճҺҹֻ̣ħ޿϶ᱻİɡ
ǣ˵һĻˡ
ֻħ޾ճҺζţûãֻȼܵ͵ħ޾Ȼˣһֱӱ䵽ס
ǧˣ͵صɴ˫
ЩճҺȻħ޼ٽ׵ĹЧ
Դ㿴˰ɡǧ˫Ŀһģ䵭컮ЩճҺȻħǿٽס
Դͣ°ͶҪˣʵ̫ˡ
ǧϣֱӽճҺеħ޾˳ףһɱʥ׵Ĺ
ʥף
뵽˴ǧһ١
Ⱥʥ漫ΪŹ֣ѲɣʳеճҺųΪʥħ޵ģ
ͣҲͽ͵ͨΪôʥˡ
ǧۣҲ˵ɫӲˣ
ôɫǴӺδ
ǧĴ߶ͻȻߵһڵϵƤӣƤӼ
ƤչɨһۣЩݡ
ƤдɫӺճҺصΪǿȴû뵽ħǿٽ׵ĹЧ
ĳһ죬ħͻȻǿ󲻿һǰǡ
ôزסǳҲʧˡ
Ƥд죬ٵѵķһһдüΪϸҲ͵ͨǳΪת˲֮ɻ֮أԭɫӸù
ǧһɨ־·ҲдһССġ֡
Ҳ˵˵Ķˣ
ΪҪ⺦˶δдּʲݣдúܼſɡ
ǧƤĦתͷַ־½ǻһʯͷ״ʯͷԻдһЩ֡
ϧЩֱҳȾƲдЩʲô
ǧЩյҧҧܾЩҪġ
ǧƤдʲôԴ̲ͣסͿʵ
ǧƤӶ
ԴӹһۣƤӣ¶һĨ֮ɫ찡ֲǳػᱻħռ죬ֲǳڻôǿħޣԭȫɫӸùǺ˲ǳ
˭˵ءǧüĿ䵭
ԴͷҪɫơ
ǧץס󣬵ԴҪʲô
ԴҧгݵҪɫˣһ˵Ķкö˱ⶫ
ȱҡǧƿ촽Ƕ֪ӴƻᷢʲôѵĻһܲ
Դһ㶣еĳ嶯Ҳ֡
ǧ˵Щʲôһ
顭
ǽںȻ֮ѣõ˶˽
ǱɸΣǧܿһһŮһԼΪϤˡ
ī裿ɴɴǧŵػһ
͵ؽͷͷȻ֮¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǧǧɴɴԼжôǱֱӾͳǧɱȥ
ǧֽɴɴסʵīôһģ
䣬ī迴һۡ
īǧƽ£Ҳʱ˼֡
ɴɴڣЩɳƣǵʧɢȻҾڸ㣬û뵽Ȼںսӣѣž͵طҲҵˡ
ǧʧЦһһۣǶû¡
ɴɴӣرޡ
ʲôī迴ǰɫӣЩľ
ǧⶫһ飬˵
ȻֶɴɴǺ˲ǳ
ī轫ϵղֲǳػķϣԭЩù
δ߶ãһŲ
ŲأҲʼ𶯡
顱ڶֵĻ̡̻
ʲôԴСƮҪˡ
ǧɫӿһۣͻȻճҺɳζҲŨ



510 ս

ǧ͵һֽĿղĶڿȥһ˲ܸܵħ߸
ãǧëһճҺζ⴫ݣЩħŵζȻܲסջ
ԴӵԲǸô죿
ǧȥԭ·أħ޶ԭ·Ӧǰȫġ
˻һ䣬˷׷ԭ·ء
ʱ򡭡
ʥӿ룬̰ʳеճҺ
ЩճҺǽףҲΪ֮
ǧһۣͻȻһֻеһˣǧѩ
ȻɴɴҲˣǸŵģǲǧѩ
ǼŽŲ¡
ǧѩīšüͷֲһֱûҵԭѾץˡ
к񻹻šԴǧѩк̲ס
ǧ˫ҲǿʥӿУҪ˵Ļͱ봩ֻ棬˵ˣԼҲΪǵв͡
ָ⣬쬵ģҪˣѡ
һ˳Ĭˡ
ǺѣǱȵ컹ѡ
˾ţһʱҲò⡣
ʱ򡭡ǧѩǵĴڣæǴгǼȻǾͿЩҰٲҾҪԵˡ
ǧѩĽڵصвϻصĽܿҲ˵Ĵڡ
ǧĽвã׳վȻȫˡ
Ǹ
īɫҲЩѿ״Ҳɲǲˡ
ֻʥˢˢſǣвѪ̰·Ҫĸ븹ǧˣͷƤЩ顣
ɴɴԴ챻ˣæǿʵô죬Ƕˣ
ǧšüΣֻӲͷƤˣƶսƻֻһһˡ
¡¡
ƳգЩ漯ȫŹ⼸ʳ
ǧѪ﷨ȣһɴɴñϵħǶס
ɴɴһ˲֮ص纮£ѩ׷ס
˫Ҳԭأֻϧֻסһ㣬·ֻҪգһ˲ǾܳƱ˪
ǧٴδȣħֹҡ
ǧĻһ䣬Ѥõħ׷ͷȥ
ԴͷҲ˿и
һ˲֮䣬صҡβͣʯ׷ѡ
ģ̌Ȼ䷢ϲûа˵ĺۼѲɣǷŵĹֻڸ
ʶһ㣬ǧĽвãѾˡ
һֻһצӣգ֮ͽԴɡ
顭ԴײʯϣһѪֻԴΣҲԼһ
ǧҧʱӿ
޿֣ٴλһצ
ҪĿɴɴ
ǧһæǳɴɴСģ
ɴɴ֪ҲǱ˳ȥ
һ˲֮䳡üΪңսɣʣµֻīˣȥֻҲ׶༪١
īǧǰһס棬ȫĵطܣͷ֪𣿡
ǧ͵۾˼Ҳˣֱһܵ
ī𴽰꣬Цһܱܵ˶ǿɣȫۼڴ˵أܳȥӦò̫Σˡ
ǧ̰֮ˣ
֪㲻ǡīۣͬ¾ƽţһβ𣿡
δǧ˵Щʲôī边ȻǾһ
ͷǧվԭأ͵شһܰ
ǧһ㶣˼ʶԣ̳ԭķȥ
ôܽǶվ֮أɲʲô̰ͷڹ꣡
ܵǸطǧ㿴īѾǻɡ
ƲްǽǴϣϣȫʺѪգѪܵĺۼǰ
ǧͣɫüΪѿ
뿪һīͱģˡ
ˣҪʬ޴棿
뵽˴ǧսָ⣬Ҳ˺֮ɫ
˺ҵѣҽվ֪ʲô䣬ǧ񷢷һ㽫ȥ
ĻܲסĻ棬ͷ˻һ
ǧ˫ɺ죬ɱ۾ɾˣһ֮޷ôʥ׵濹⡣
ѲɣǽҪ
Уǲ
ǧɴ˫ڹâʢƺ貲ǿա
ҧҧ뵽ղżɫʯͷ



511 Ǹû

ǿʯͷƤҲмأ᲻ʲôأ
ǧʯͳٳͶȥֻá顱һǿʯͷȻˣʱɫҺ
ɫҺζܺţһֻ㣬ģš
ŵЩζӾȻʼˮˣǵӱǾ޴ޱȣ¾ۿüٶȱСܿͱһĴС
·ֻҪһȣͻ̡
ǧ𾪵ÿǰһĻҲ΢΢ſ˼֡
ЩҺ徹Ȼˮ
ѲɣǿʯͷԸЩѸٵħޣ
ЩʳճҺħ޾ͺñǱˣжˣҲк֢ˮõ֤
ЩһС棬ǧڲ˼ڽΪԼ׺ܹưԣⲻ֪ԸǣҩЧǱñһħ޻Ҫ磬ͱ˷
ǧֶһȥʱЩճҺҲɺˣܿʲôˣƴûһ
ϧǵȷڹ
ǧ˵Щ˷𣬲ҸιһѪ
ιûУǧߵǧѩǰ̲סýƨɡ
ǧѩһ߷ʲô
ǧδջأеЦҲ˼֣ûʲôҾ뿴ûѡ
ǧѩҧ˿Ǳؤ𣿡
ĸҰǧգգ۾ƨһţ治ǹģôղˣ
ǧѩҧɫࡣ
ǧܲˣЦޱȡ
ˣҲں׼±淢֣ᱻŪˣ²Ŷѣܲסˣ
ǧѩ߷ſڴеǧ㵽û꣬ôˡ
ǧԣһ¡
ƽﶼˮģ񾹴ɤӴøһ㣬Ѳ׼װŮˣ
˵ʲôǧĿһ⻮ʲôеôߣֻ뿴˵زضѡ
ǧѩҧҪƨ
ǧջأۣþòɢȥ
߿Ҫˡǧѩŭһۣᳶ˵
ǧ˼
ǧѩȹվվ;һתҲ۵Ҳѹ֣ղűץסʱһֱڱȥϸ۵ƤĥڵƿƤѪˣʹӣŪǱ
ǧ·ϵѪգЦ
ǧѩҧȡһѪţҩ븹žࡣ
ãǵˣǧѩЦȾۿ
ǧһ˲˲һŮ˱֮졣
治ˡǧۣûֺɫ󺰴УҲ˵أ㲻ǹ汳İɣ
˼ǧѩߺ죬ȴǴţں˵Щʲôʲô汳ģҲû˼
ǧڽһЦûУԼˡ
ǧѩɫһ䣬ǧҾ
ǺͰǼ˵ˣ㡭ǧ䣬ָ
ǧѩסɫֱ䡣
˵ѪѪ飬ǱУԼһҲͻˡ
⣬ǧЦߵīߣȥˡ
ʱ˵˽һתѡ
ǧˣЦÿҪ˰ӻûʲôʣ
˸ѣҲЩɢһʱûŪ嵽׷ʲôΪ
īһѿסǧļ򣬵ǧҲǽЩӳȥΪҪ¿ǺˣǼ˶ˡ
ǧ˵ЩĪ
ʶʲôﴽЦ˵ʲôǸûҲá

īһ£Ȼ˿ܣԼصС
ɵصȴΪƽղһӵϵ澹Ȼȫˡ
īۣ̲סʵղŹǵأ
ǧüۣǳǳղŹǵѾʧˡ
ʧ
ī軹ЩֲףĿһֱѡ
Ѳɣʧģ
СѾͷΪ㣬˹Ŀ࿴
ǧͷƤ飬ǳҲŪİɣͬԴһҵĴʯͷĹ
Դ˵ʯͷæǳǧ˼ۡ
ǿʯͷʲôﲻɣ
ǧָ룬ǿʯͷԸЩٽħ޵ıϧ



512 ɱѪ֮

ǧһ٣ǿ˵ǻûüʹãǳؾѾħ޹ˣҲǼ˸ˣȻǾ͵óΪʥħ޵Ŀˡ
ԴһסǿʯͷȻôţƣ
ǧʶˣȻǾ͵ˡ
ɴɴЩ㱣ǵŷӦ˵ǰȫ𣿡
ǧӦãʯͷڵҺƮɢ棬ЩʳճҺħޣӦȫʧ˰ɡ
ɴɴԣһĨССȡ
ǧˣȴ֮ǻǳɫδڿЩ뿪ɣ˵ЩħѾʧųǱűΣա
һµӵվ
ղЩʥ׵ľսٳԵʲôΣգҪܲסˡ
īϵĻҳ˵òַ˾ôǵþҳȥ·С
ǧǾͣ·ɣ
䣬תȥѰҳ·ǰǧѩһߡ
ǧѩҧгݣһĨơղǵĻһҲʲôʧʲôʯͷͳͳֻ֪֪ԼǱһ
ףǧǸСˣ
ǧѩ˦䣬ŭظ
Ҳ֪ε˶ã߳˷ַ
ȥӳеһСֻҪСٷһɽִܵѧԺ˵ӷַôһ·߹ʡ˲ʱ䣬ʡʱĴ۾
ղַзһУͬоþƣ֮ȥ
ǧǰСһ滹ַ̹ڣⶼûС
³һǧŽĿջء
༸ǧĻҲе˳ȥ
ղǧһǶţõĻţ͹˰
ī踺ֶɫмֺˣɫҪˣСЪϢһշɽִܵĿĵء
áԴһڴӦȥ𡣡
ɴɴ˫֣ЦȥЩҰ
ǧҲ˷䣬ȥСˮԴץЩܸһ»ʳˡ
䣬ת뿪
Ƿֹȷǧѩվԭأһʱ֪Ǻá
ңǺҲЩԼ
ǧѩɫѿ
ǧƺӦعͷǧѩһֽۣĿ˻ȥ
̧Ž뵽СѰˮԴռоˮģǲǧѩȣһΪǸԼһ
ǧüһСȥ
û߶ãǧͿԶһСϪ
ȹھ˹ȥ
СϪ峺ףǲз˶ǰι
ǧˮװߣӣŹ׼ץ㡣
СϪеʱֻһ̹ǵıСȴӿ
ǧһ£ûϵħůȫȫů紺ۼֿؿʼ㡣
ϰʱ߲ԶмҵĽӡ
ӡ£Ӧǲǰµġ
ǧţ۾ȻнӡղûӡܾЩ졣
ǵؾҲǳӶµİɡ
ǧ֧ӣҲûڴ϶ᣬת뿪ˡ
ȥʱûлֻǧѩһڴʯͷϣָŪţеľ͸̫һ
ǧûһۣߵһ߿ʼ㡣
ţǧѩšüͷЩ衣
ǧô㣬Ҳˡ
Դ£ղҿмŴ󵶵˴Сһ߹ȥɷģˡ
Ӵãǧտ󣬱·Ӷ𣿡
˳ţԴҲ˵ӦǰɣŵһɱѪ
ǧӦһӦþӶˡ
꣬˿ʼ׼ϢǧѰȥ죬ܾЩƽˡ
ѧԺ
Ժ²ˡһƿţ
£
΢Ƭ̣֮ǵ
Ʈʱһɫλϣֳͷ°ۼһ˫ɫķգɫ̬
˫Ƚһһ˲̬ʮ
ӿĪ̿ˮ½һЩɱ˶ᱦĶˣǰЩǾץ˼ɽǼ˾Ȼܵˡ
ܵȾ΢̧Ƥӣ˵ץˡ
֪˵ǿ˵Ժӳļ˿ɲöԸǴ½ġаɷֶβ̣ʵǿǽƻǳ



513 Ȼɱ˶ᱦ

Ⱦ££䣬ӰڶʱһĨһƮɢǾȸŰɣԵԻὫץסġ
Ҿ¡аɷЩڸѧٴοڡǰ̽ѧϰĽ츳õѧɲܳʲôӡ
Ⱦ⣬ǵĽų̣ҲųǴ½ľڣôҲЩˣǡ
˵ţ˫һУһζ
ĪԺ˼ǣ
Ⱦָ⣬ؿţһˮߣǽ˷ַǴԽߺö·
ַ֣ɫһ䣬ַ£ôܻѧ룡
ǾͲõˡȾ޹ǵذڰ֣£ҲЩˣȥɡ
΢΢˳ȥ
һߣȾÿķ˴ַǾͺˡ
ˮ
ǧЩ̤ʵ
͵ؽ۾֪ǲԼ̫Уܾͷкü˫۾ڶǡ
˫۾а񣬺пܶǲ
ǧɫãƵſڣһСÿ۲ͷĶ
ͷᣬܾûС
ɾݹİǧ
ڶǣһĻ֮ˡ
ǣȴ֪Щ˾ںη
ǧšüļЩꡣ
СѾͷڶ࣬мڶǡôӿռڳѹ˵
ǧͷһȴֺܿ
֪Էм𣿡
°ͣϣʵȫɱѪӦǹ˵ѪӣСѾͷǵСˡ
Ȼôˣǵʲôأ
ǧ۾׼䡣
ûãͿЩ
ЩҪж
ǧסһ˲˲ǰԡ
ûãĲݴԾʲôûˣĪǣЩѾˣ
ǧЩԵ۾Щ˷ѾݷãΪξˣѲɻǱʲôı
˼Ƭ̣Ȼߵ⣬ȥ̽һ˯ˡ
СѾͷ˶㻹ʲôǧļҪȥʲôɵ¡
ǧҾȥЩ˾ʲôģȥҽֻ˯ˡ
ñ죬ʲôÿģЩȫɱѪȻҪȥɱʲôˡ
ǧû˵ЩʲôѭЩ˵ټ׷˹ȥ
ִ⣬ò̾˿
ǧԼϵϢΣһЩҪˡ
ܿ죬ڲݶǰͣ£СݴԣֶĿյϼһΧ׷ǳ˶Ѿ˯
Щ໪£⻹ѷż޴ĺľ䣬¿ЩľжȻźñ
ԣЩ˼иķףԴŹЩѧˣ
ǧţûҷʲô
ûãЩèӳ֮ȥ
Щ󿳵ɫװ»ʱǧ㿴˴ͷ֮˵ģ
һͷ׵ѮˣĿȴӥһ㣬Ȼ񣬷·ϵһж˲仯ߡ
ǼСܣǵҲǺޱȣ̰ɫ
ǧԹһ£ǵĵȼڰ˽ϡ
ȻȫǺǶϣҪֻúܡ
үǱߣһСսսպͬͷ֮˵¸ղѲ֮ʱЩ򣬿϶ǸղŶŵѧðɣ
үһѽľ򿪣һ˲ĽƱӳУһôණǷˡ
СҲǻҲ¾еˡ
縧Ŵ󿳵ֵһƱȥһ٣ȻȥҼŮŪŪ
ǵ˵ܴת۾ͽڵ˾ˡ
ǺˣһСһﻹŵ
ӳڵƻʱԵѪǣȻɱ˶ᱦİ
СаЦǿǴ½ġаɷ
аɷ
ͷСŵýˣаɷˡ
ԣȫ㳲
ϴŻһĳӡ
мŮħʦ߻ӣȼҲƽ඼ڡ
ǧţ۾׶ϰ˾Žֻ׶༪١
Щ˻֮һһţֱӽһϯˣǵǧϡ
ǧݴԣҪøһЩ
˼ȦŷֻеĴ󿳵Ѱƺܸһħô˵Щаš



514 ô֪

ӣĴ󿳵аţȻܸһħ֪ѴǺͷǧţȴЩء
ͻ罻ˣ֪ħܷĵϣ
°ͣ˵ҲûƳʲôر֮ڴͿʲôҩˮɡ
ǧһ㶣ҩˮ
ý͵Ȼеģϲֻквжҷǳ󡣡
ǧӦһʱŷֻѾɱ˲ˡ


Ĳҽڶ
һɲǣѪĭɣѪζҲɢ
ǧ򶨣˫ȴյϵĲݶѡ
Ѫˣûκʤ㣬ǵȼߣɱ˾ʮ㣬οһˣȥҲֻǶһʬˡ
ǧ۾ɺƽ
ܿ죬˱˷Ĳҽȥƽ
磬Щ˻̣ȼ̫ͻǱɱˣһСһϲһ߱֫ʬ塣
磬ղûϸҷŮ˻ͦƯһССֵܣĿгаζ
ǧ˵̲סɴ
ȵȣһﲻŮʬɣ
δǧӦͿСܾȻͳСֵܣŵϵŮʬһ塣
ǧͣ˳
꣬ζصġ
ǧ뿪ֿ˵һ䣬ȻѾɱˣǸɴɱװɣЩѧӦЩҲµòǵĿĵӦѧԺ
˵ѧԺЩСܾŭˣ˵ѧԺ뵽ȾǸӣᱻץסòҲҪЩѧնɱһȾӵ
ǧĿⲻһ
ǾȻ˼
ֻҪͬѧԺйصģҪնɱ
Ⱦ죬˽»ʱͬħ
ǧԼأһת䣬ײ˻С
⺧Ȼ䣬ѮͷҲ˲
ǧ͵סؿڣͷѹֵЩ
⻢ƻǾˣǳɱ֮ˣƾ˲ͬ
Ƭ̣ŽĿջأڻ粢ûзȻ͵鷳ˣȻռʱܾЩˡ
þȥҲܿЩ׼
ŻһϯûзǧĻȥˡ
صǧٰȫѡ
۾ЩĪؿǧ
ǧˣΪҪǽѣԴ˯죬ֹ
ǧһۣȴδʲôϽûʲô£ǵøϽˡ
īż̲סʵǲǷʲôˣ
ˡǧϲɫһǱ߱˵
˼ǧ˵ҲЩΣʶ̾˼֣ǧѩô˳ۣãʲôֵǽѣǲ˵ҾͲˡ
ǧЦ뱻ħɱҲ㣬ʱʬ壬Ҳܵġ
ĻΪǧѩɫࡣ
ǧ㵽˵ʲôǧѩҧ
ǧ뿪ڣдһ󶯾
šüæǿڵˣǿߡ
īǼ
ǧѩԭأҧҧҲû߶ʮһҲ
˼ɴɴ̲סʵǧǵΪʲôҪܰ
ǧ˼ۣĿ˲üΪһרɱ˶ᱦĶħѾˣڶ࣬ȼָߣǲֻ»鷳
ɴɴһסôǵʲôˣ
Ǹаɷ˵𣿡ǧ΢΢
زֹɴɴҲסˡ
аɷһȫ½˶֪ɱ˶ᱦŻ
ʵǿֶμΪ̣ϲ˵֫£ϲʬֵָ£ŪĻ̻̣˵ǰŻѱץȥˣôת˲ֳ֮ˣ
һˡ
뵽˴ɴɴҲŶһ£ô
ǧ򴽲˵ɫҲЩء
ǧѩںͷָ⣬Ҳãô֪Щ˶ˣ
ǧͼǧѩ˸һĨɫ
ڴˮʱְмӡԴ˵˼ϴɱѪ֮ˣ𣿡
Դæͷڶ࣬ˣѲǾǡаɷ
ǧûشԾɲ˼ȥʵ˯ţ㷢Щ͵͵ǣɡ



515 õն

ǧ΢٣ֵûǾȻȥ˱ȥҾ͵͵ǣɱˣһĿǡ
ԴɴɴǴһ¡
īȴקקӣЩֵΣյΪβңһͬȥĻҲиӦ
ǧɫؽÿʱҲ̫żˣⲻ
īԼϿտգ򴽽ǣȴǵԺˣԽҡ
ǧ΢٣ǳã֪ˡ
ǧѩҪã
ͬʦףȴӾ壬ǲ֪ܡ
¶ߴʦˣ
뵽˴ǧѩø߸ߣȫǵɫ
ǧֻβ˦Щˣ˵ǧѩ
ܿ˿ڵѾˣҲûطȥȥΨзַ
һҪȥַǧѩҧţΪҪȥַܵΣջ𣿡
Ҳȥˡ
ǧһۣ·ȥֻȥַЩ˿˵ͬһײУǲȥ£ͬҪȥġ
īûʲô
ַȻΣգ󲿷ΣѾǾȥҲǰһ㣬Щ˶Ȼַ֪Σգ׷һ±㲻׷أ
ǽȥһӣЩˣǱܳˡ
ǧģھȥַīżֲݾܾĿǡ
ǧЦųī迴ȥ
ӦīвЦ⣬ǡһů⡣
ǧһۣ㽫ĿջأҪȥַĳЩǲȥԭء
ĳЩָ˭֪ܿڻ谵ķַǰ붼δͻ˽ȥ
ǧѩȴǶסŲվַΧϲ֮ɫƺ˼ҪҪ棬һ뵽аɷֶΣЩëȻ
󣬿߽׶ѣϡаɷĻֻ
ǧѩҧҧȹ˽ȥ
ĻǣĽһĨַӰӡ
磬ǲȻ˷ַСܵԲ˫ĿЩš
ַɣЩѧǲɵ
תȴǿüΪͨ͸ǲʤ϶ǲַԲŽȥ㣬ܱѧԺѡеѧƻ
ڵϻ˼ʮ꣬ǧ˵С˼Ȼָơ
ĵӸǳǧ˵
ǸССķַѣҵҪܲסүүҡ
Сһ˲бЩζǲպյʣүѲַ
үָͷɲָؽڿ죬ȻķǸˣ
ǡ
СǻȰȴүϣֳŴ󿳵ɱͷ꣬ٸҶ˵һ䣬ҾѪҵĵ
Сֱװǲ˵һ仰
𿴻үѮˣϵ㣬ֶҲΪ̣ϵ˲ȻҲԼˣ
ү󿳵һСַ
ڶԫбںһ˵ȼˣͷһ
Դ̲ͣסֹһǵô󣬾Ȼȫˣ
ǧѩǧȥһĨԹ֮ɫȴֱܺõȥãղĵǽַѾȫǲһܲȫ
ǧüڻүǵľٶҲȡ
ջүӣַҲΪ档
ǧǧѩȥǳЦүɱϣܹҲΪ棬ַܶ࣬ԹһǰʱҲЩСɻүȴϤ
ǧѩûķϻû֮⡣
īȴˣ˫ø̫һ˼ǣǿԽЩСӶǷɢʱһնɱ
ǧؿīһۣҾ˼
ַõսǶȻ־ܣ
ôǧѩһۡ
ǧ䴽ָԼõնҵ˼𣿡
֮ÿ˶䵱նǧѩɫ㣬ʲô巽
ǧܣīǧѩһɴɴԴһ𣬱ϵħܽ˶סԸҲ°빦
Ҫǧѩ˸߰Դסֻī͡
ţǧѩīݣȻʲôԵС˼



516 

īȥԽòԾ̲סʵǶаţأ
ҰǧеЦһ˱ãϵħƲµġ
ī֪СѾͷǻ˾ϲһ´꣬Ҳٶ˵ʲô
ãǾɣжīΧ֮ˣͻȻ˵һ䡣
һ䣬ҷ׷ж
ǧѩЩ鲻ԸīݣҲҶ˵ʲô
˶жˣǧܵԫбڴǲ
һжܹɵģʱܾ鷢ˣ
лᣬҪնɱ֮ϱسΪ󻼡
ǧ룬ҲΪܽСԵʣڶĻүͻֻһ˵ĻүǱֽϻˣͲնɱ
ڰϸϸ۲Χ
ܿ죬㷢ֻүߵСܶǴ汻īǸˡ
ûãү͸Сʧɢˣַ̫࣬үͷãȴδܺСǻϡ
һʱɫ׶ɲ
ǧۿʱˣһүȥ
ûڲϵϢҲϵСʯӣ̴̵ġ
˭ү͵ػͷ
ǧӽϵذ۱紵ɴһүЩѧ𣿡
һŮӣòŮӣү
治֪Ͼ鶯ŮӣռŮӶҪϺü֣˫۾鶯ˮͷȴƽ˿˿ŲĿ⡣
Сﳤÿȴү´ȷֻǸСشЦ
ǧϲŭ˫ȴþˣүҪնɱǣǾ㲻ץǻţҲʡȥһЩ鷳
үһ㶣ǰСŮ򶨷ǳʵ֡
תһ룬Ц⼸ͬѧǵȫˣĿıһһ֣ǵǴ⣬һүֵ𣿡
һһСѾͷǿ
ǧЦȴ⻢үһˣһӾͽС˼˳
ү󿳵ĿСѾͷүҾ졣
ǧѪ﷨ȡһ˲ɢҲࡣ



517 Ҿϵħʦ

үֱеѪ﷨ȣû뵽һѧоıʱüǮ
үе̰ǧɫ
ңңսһ
ǰ˵үĴ󿳵϶ͿʲôҩˮܽħҪЩҩˮܲĻϵħ
еĻϵħţҲԾš
үеĻϵħЩ𾪡
Ȼǧ֮һĻϵħСѾͷʲô·
ǧ۾һУֱӳй
үæĹȴŭѾͷ͵Ϯ㻢үүҾ֪ʲô
ǧģ򶨣ð֪ʲôˡ
βүɫøѿ
еĴ󿳵øӿ죬Ҳһ˲֮ĵ粻ͣǧϮȥÿһɱ
ǧһͬһع
үҧСѾͷôøһ
ǧﴽǣеѪ﷨ڿлһȦ漴ȵĻ⻯һֱֱүϮȥ
þˣȻâȼմʱ֮ͻȻһѺۣܿվĵϣѺռ
үһô󿳵նϣϧǧħǿЩͨͨҩˮܽ
һ˲֮䣬˵үϣûþ²ƺۼ
үŴǣɫüΪѿ㵽ǺˣΪħ޷
ǧΪҵǧ֮һĻϵħϵħǿЩССҩˮܽ
үһɫѿ
ϵħ˲
ҪĻ𣬽ɱҡУ
СѾͷɹŭˡүѪգͻȻϵǣǰֱۣϵļҲ
顱һ
Щٶȷļ⾹Ȼˡ
ǧǰĻ棬Ŀⲻһ£СĻүھһӴļУҲ˲٣վڻүǰһֻС
СѾͷ˰ɣүЦүҸղûʹȫһֻ־ܽ
ǧۣ⻢үӦλߣɲ֪˺μܾˡ
ǧҧ̧ʱͷֻүͬһɽվһࡣ
кܣҪˡ
ǧסзȣкܶƣŲ£
ͣүͶ򣬿ϧү˿
ô㡭
Ƿ̥ĻȻĻ棬»үûаˣʵ̫ˡ
ǿǧɻ󣬻үЦΪСѾͷ㻢үүһͭǽڣϵħܹ˵ģ
ǧɫ˱䣬ܰȾ
µĲүٴЦһͭǽڣϵħĿǣӵиϵħעҪŰɱ
ǧ󣬲ûЦˡ
ϵ
ϵħʦ
⻢үǲɵҪ߸ˡ
ʵ治ֻܹүɵ֪ϴϵ˫ޱ̬ҽǰ
үù֣ΪλЦó
ǧû˵ȴһɫڲͣܡ

տضͻأ𣬻үɵ㶶еϵħӶˡ
˭ܸô£ǻϵħʦ𣬿תôֱϵħʦˣ
Ѳɣӵϵħ˫ϵħʦ
ֶүֻп񿴵վԼǰ𺳵ͬʱҲЩľ
СѾͷδȫɳĵȼԽŰɱˣ
ʵڲɳؽЩ֮˵Ĵ󻼡
үеĵ⣬ĿͬԨСѾͷȻ˫ϵħʦҾ͸ܽˣĴֻһв
ǧ׹ۼɲǣһŵо£ͬҲҵвΪһ׸
˵ţ䲻ע⣬ǧͽСϺٻ
СϺϵʱ׹һ𹥻»үԹ־ܣ
һһ޴˹ʶһ˲֮˸
첻𣬵ѳһֱֱүϮȥ޴ĵ⴩͸ĸӲֱ˴ڻүѪ֮ϡ
׹⼤ת˲ͽүȫԣ׹ⲢδͣЪһֱ̼Żүȫļ⡣
үһʱһǴӻүð
ǧգգ۾Ǳ̼ðˣ
үͱϣתʱһĨ
ǧۣôжˣ
δϸ룬үͬް㱼ڶ٣գ֮ǧͷͳһӡ



518 ȵĻâ

ǧֻüһʹ룬ű˵ڵ롣
˿ǰĻү
СϺĵܻ磬˾Ž׵ĵȼ治ͬ죡
ǽҪԽնɱԼ
ǧۣеѪ﷨ȷת£һɲǣϮ̼˵
үѪ﷨ȣ˫ȴڸ
ǧزĶܿҲļ⿴źЩͬǰļ⿴ǿҲӲǳļ⿴Щ죬˿˿Ѫ͸
Ѳɣղŵ׹⽫ϵͭǽڸˣ
õ֪ǧĿҲһĨζת
үûеɫĿɺ
ǧЦȥһĻ潻ң
գ֮䣬ǧϵĻ汩ǣһ˲ʺѪޱȡ
үϵĻ棬ŵ˫Ȳ
ΪЩǰĲһˣ
Щ溧ˣҪ
үʶһȴӲ˵ĻƲҵͭǽڵģİɡ
ǧЦŰ𣿡
үտЩڣȻġ
ǧһЦͻȻһתҹǲģտ˵ϻࡣ
үҧгݣѾͷ
ͲţЩΣ
ǧָһ̻Ϯ֮ȣϵСʯͷҲڻóס
үͣʱˣ˫ȴŲǶˡ
ͬ˳ү
¡
ȵĻ˲佫үûҫۻ⴩͸յͶ֮ϡ
¡
ľڶϣţյĻүֱֱ˵ϣ˫ϴһĿģ
ǧվԭأذ׵ڷз裬˸ҫâȴþòɢȥ
ð
ܾͷħĸоð
ǧһеĻâɢȥˣϵĻҲ֮ɢȥۼû£ΧǽȴŸղһĶս
漴˼˷龰һ
޴ŸϹģ¾ʲô
Ϊǰط޳һ㡭
ī첽ߵǧߣʵղŷʲôûˣ
һƳͷ˿ڣˣҾ˵Ҫ㲻Ҫһжǲ
īû꣬ǧһۣЦû£ǻ˵ġ
üЩС㣿
ǧʼ磬ЩСܻû£ϴ˵ҡ
һ䣬Դɴɴ㷢ڵϵʬ壬˲һʵǧնɱ𣿡
Թԣǡаɷ죬ү
ǧ䴽Цֻһˣնɱģ˭
ī迴һ۵ϵʬ壬Ҳһ㶣ٴתͷǧЩһˡ
Դ뿪ȸ½˲٣ûʲô˼˳޾ĹʣŲĿ
˶
Դɴɴٴһ㶣ǧնɱİǰ˾Ž׵߰ɡ
ǧɴɴһۣСϹޣɴɴĪˣϴǧħϮҲնɱһֻ˽ħޣնɱһкκֵģ
ɴɴ΢ţǣҲ԰ûɶֵġ
ǧЦЦ㲻ٶԡ
õǧѩŵϱðʬ壬ЩסڱǣǲǸ뿪طˣ
һ¡ǧŵϵʬ壬ͻȻ˿ڡ
ǧѩյҧΪҪȣ
ǧߵʬԣͻȻذףүԴն¡
˿ˮǧѩľȻˣΪʬ嶼Ź
ǧͷ­װһľϻУҸ˵⡰аɷǱѧԺץסģܳˣǶȻżǽͷ­ϽǸ֮ඨȻǲлôܷŹ
ɴɴЦ֣ã˵ѧԺкñʱҪҪ
Դð⡣
ǧľϻӽīУʱӵȥϽˣ˵һͬүնɱġ
ī֪̫ע⣬ЦӦˣ֪
ǧϲʹ˵ˡ
ûˣǾ߰ɡǧѩǸľϻһɱ˸үѣбҪţ
ī迪ڵǾ߰ɣȻЪϢһٸ·
صǧһöռָȡ
»ĹĻƱ¶ڿУöռָǻүϵһö



519 ִѧԺ

ղţҽүϵĿռָȡ¡
Ȼ˶ˣı͹ˣûôɵҲϽˡ
ӣöռָͬүѪˣ˵Ҹβȡǧá
úܿʹӿռQˡ
򵥡òЦѽָá
ǧһ㽫ָУýָ󣬱һڽָһ˲ָմ˿ˮļΪġ
ιʲôǧЩȥˡ
ȻڰѪ
ǧ΢ţеɫΪѪбҪˣ
˫ɳã
ǧʼ磬˵ģҿûô˵
ãðǧӣ޿ĳĴ㣬㾹ãûˡ
ǧΣУҲˡ
ӣմˮĿռָݸǧѾѪˣ̽һ°ɡ
ǧüӽռָס
üˣֱӽгá
ǧĿЩ뽫˶н
סͣŵò˵
ǧ⣬ʼ̽һ·ͨ裬𣬽ĺöȡ˳
ž
öһء
ǧŪŵϵı̾⻢үǸݽɫȻôණǽҾ˰ɡ
Ҳ̾ǮˣǷˡ
ǧЩϤŵԼռУһЦЩöʱǾѧԺ߿ҵҩӣԼ
ѧԺѧȻҪҩʱ϶ⲻ
ͷȴֺܿòζˣѧԺ꣬㵱治ȥˣ
Ķǧ
̿ˮȴӲͷƤڵȻͤˣǸطͦġ
ȥǧɫһӱüΪѿ壬ûɻصͤˡ
ñ죬ðɣ˾ͺá
ǧϴҪ˯ˣջҪ·
Ծɲãʲôû˵ת˿ռ䡣
ա
׼վ͸ϵѧԺ
˰ɽˮǰϵѧԺ
ѧԺǳ˵ѧԺѧô˴ͬ磬޶Щѹ
ǧǰѧг
ѧԺۿ֪ͬ죡
Ǻˣſڵĵʵ
īҾǺѧԺѧձѧԺġ
ŵѧԺѧδǺѧԺѧȻѾˣٶҲ̫˰ɡ
ǵѧԺѧŵٴһ䡣
īָָ·ϵĻ£ǺѧԺĻ£ҿϸˡ
ŵһǺѧԺĻ£ٵġ
Ҳ̫ˣʹ˷ħްɣ
ǵȥԺǽȥӵò⣬׼ȥԺ
뿪Ӱǧһ
ЩӶȻΪʹ˷ħްɣԺӣ
˼
ǧ۾һУǵЦȴ¡
ûãӱˣ󻹸һµӡ
ǧسӿһۣղ˵ҪȥԺѲӱѧԺԺ
Ҳ̫˰ɣͶʮ£ǺѧԺѦԺʮ˰ɡ
ܿ죬ӾǰվλλѧԺԺȾ
ǧüȾ
ֵͦ
ȾüëһЩǰÿһϱһȻܣ֮Ȼҹ
ϾУ
ǧȾü֮ȫ֮ɫ
Ⱦûһ㣬ǰվǱǺѧԺѧ
īǰҾԺǺѧԺѧ
Ⱦᳶżɽ죬ҵЩӻʹ˷ħޡ
īһ㶣ȴܿЦˣԺǲû÷ħޣǳ˽·졣
Ⱦü˲˼£·ʲô·
ַīƿģ򶨡
Ⱦ¸Ũڵ˫ͬУ˲֪Щʲô˾ôַͲ𣿡
ΪЩʲѧѣû뵽ӾȻ󣬶һܻѧԺȤ
ǧȾϿ˼ۣԺλʵȻף˫İһֲ֪



520 Ȼ

ǰЩ£ɵŽһʱͲˡīЦЦ˵˼䡣
Ⱦ֪źܶ飬ȴҲûпʲôȻܴӷַлųһЩӣȽɡ
Ⱦ䣬ϵһ漴Ʈ˱䡣
Ͼһ㡭
ǧһ飬У
ǧüѧԺš
һȥһɰ֮
ǧУֻǻ֮Ѫǳ
طһǿ
Ⱦǰͷͷӳչµ˫ܣƴż̽аɷˣ·ʱ𣿡
ǧۣһ̽
ˡīʵ棬ʵǿΨнַУٽһնɱ
Ⱦһе¸Ũ˵Ѳǽаɷնɱˣ
ЩѧǸеͬ
Ѿɱˡī轫һСϻȡԺǲţɽСϻӴ򿪣һ֪Է顣
СϻӸһóһѪζڿӣȾü۵ʹû򿪣Ѿµʲôˡ
ǴݵؽСϻӴ򿪣һ˲һͷ­ӳС
ǡаɷ죬үȾƿĵƵģлүûõ
ǧɫü˵жţŻ
Ⱦһۺ󣬾ͽСϻӹϣүץסģȻˣȴֻ˵ĶɱˣΪˣѧԺȻǣԺҾͻ׼ñ͹ȥ
һɴɴԴȫЦ⡣
īЦЦҲ˵˾׻лԺ
Ⱦָڴ䣬ĴӣأӦõġ
ǧѩҧûл˵һ仰
棬½ʲô
Ⱦ˼ֵѾ˰׼˷䣬½ѧӦˣʱұΪǰŵʦ
лԺ
Ⱦڰ֣ȥ˺ԺķС
ÿһ䣬ͷװøùһͦµġ
ǧڴϣЩһֱⱼþöû˯ˡ
ͷϲ˲䣬ûñ췿š
˭ģ̌ʡ
ͷ˿ڵǷԺ֮ͽġ
ӦնɱүĽ



521 ǰŵʦ

ǧһת´ȥš
ĵһСϻӣСϻӽǧбˡ
ǧСϻӽݣܿͽСϻӴˣһ˲֮ͷĶӳС
ǸԺ󷽣Ȼô൤ҩôӿռQǾһ
ǧִһŵҩԼҩʦҪЩҩûá
ȴǲΪȻҩʦҩҲҪӶ࣬ʱ㿪ǡ
ǧ۾һһѱתȦȦӣҷЩˡ
øܵǰЩˣ˵˵һֱġ
ôЩ̣ǧЩ֣Ѳɷˣ
̧ͷ뾡Զ̣һҲûо̡
ǧ£Ҹܴ˰ɡ
ٴΰСϻеĵҩһ㽫ҩռС
øצڷתһȦⷿ䲻ǧҵӿǺǧ򱶡
ǧЦЦȷܺãѧԺͦǮġ
һ̾Ǯ
ǧ߳䣬ͷһԺӣԺľҡҷһƬ⡣
治ȻԺӡ߶ţǧļϣСѾͷʲôʱٴεõǰ尡㶼ȥˡ
廹κҲûˡ
һӹƶȥˣϾͷҲ
û¶ǧһԺڼˡ
̯צӣ㲻˵ˡ
ǧԭվ˻صС
ڶա
ǧǱͷĳѵġ
óǧϴŪһ֮ųš
ԺŴʱԸ½ѧѾˣΧһ˵ŻֲЩ֡
ǧһȦܿȺҵһĨϤӰ
½Ĺѡ
ȻҲѧԺˣ޴ҫʵ¶ɫˡ
һ۱Ƽվһߵǧ߹ȥӢҰԵϹЦ⣬û뵽ʦҲѧԺ
ǧЦЦҲû뵽
ʱ䣬ʦ÷ЦʡҪ֪ʦΪ⣬ȥ½ҲҪϡ
µģʦã
һε֣ǧͷһȴûбֳҪȻá
ѹʦá
ǧֻЦȴЩۡ
ûãȾͼλʦ˹
Ⱦбǽϣþ͸ûйͷһȻǶˣҾ͸ǰŵʦˡ
ѧ˸ڴ
Ҫ֪ѧԺĵʦţܱǽ̵һɳ죡
ǧģҲЩ
ܿ죬ȾͰѵʦźˣīǸһĵʦ
˵ʦţƷǳѾǴ½ϵѮǲꡣ
īǸѧٺö
ǧüЩѧѾźãȴ
ΪΣ
ѲɣѧԺ޳ˣ
˼֮ʣȾߣ˭ǧ
ǧЩĪȴվ˳ǧ
Ⱦϴ˼ۣٿ˫һһƯŮӣ˫֮鶯ǱһĨɫζ
ǧĻҹȾۺֿٽĿջˡ
ǧĪȥʲô
ȻɻȴǸȾ˽Ų
һߣѧ˽
˭
ΪȾѧԺΨȥ
˵ȸ½ʦӣѲɣϵȾԺҪţ
˲²׷ףǧѩֱ
ƾʲôҪŴѲɾΪǷεӣ
ɶ񡭡
ǧȾǲ֪˿ͷѾ˵ˡ
ȾԺһҪȥĶǧʵں棬̲סʵ
ȾͷûأģҲȻǳȥĵʦ档
治֪ǸΪҪǧѧôѧԺˣ
ǧ󣬾ĺˣҵĵʦͬ˵Ĳһ𣿡
Ҫص
ȾƿţĵʦڲͬƽûκѧȴָҪ㣬Ĺŵˣ˵ز⣿
ǧȣָҪ
⵼ʦǺˣ
˵䣬ȾѾƿŽ롣
ǧԭվһҲ˽ȥ
һȥŵһӺŵ̴ζǧҿţܿ㿴վڴ̨ϵİӡ
վڴǰ˳Ӱչúܳ˵ʣ룬Զ볾
·еصһ



522 Ԩ뵼ʦ

ǧšüôˣɶ񡭡
ǧȾس֣λĵʦԨ롣
ǧǰдżִԨһֱǧƲģԨ뵼ʦá
ǧԨŻعͷ
һżΪͨīɫڼͷƮʱȴһĨһк˫ڣΪÿ
ǧڿͬʱԨҲڿǧ
˵⽻һȴû˾Ρ
ǧ򴽣ԽԽԨ˵ĸо
㳤֮ͨˣȴƲĿ⣬֡
ǧԨ뿪ڣǳǳġ
ǧתתſڵǵĵʦҾǧ
Ԩ뵭ɨһۣһͨޱϲһ˿׽
ǧĴһֱߣλµʦ̫ദӣԨ뵼ʦһΪָҪң֮䲢ɣ
Ԩףȴտڲԡ
ǧ䵭ɫһʱҲò⡣
ʱȾڴ˴˿̵ƽˣҰѿռʦͽˣһ±ˡ
䣬Ⱦ䣬һɢȥȾҲӰ
ʱоʣǧԨˣǧƣ֪ΪֽŸдĵ
ұĵʦˡԨ뿪ڣǳƮƮ졣
ǧ֣ͨȴӦһ
Ԩ߹ÿ۱ϣգͬһסɣʱҲܸõĽ̵㡣
ǧһ㶣һס
йŮģ
λʦûһŮʶ
סЩðɣǧü˵õͦί
ԨϿһۣԺ䷿һסģһڸڣסڸڷûʲôġ
ǧŴȴЩˡ
ԭסڸڷղˡ
ãҽվͰɡǧҲٽ飬ˬرӦһ
Ԩصͷ΢Ĵٴƿ˵ǻϵħʦ
ǧͷ
ϵħԺؽѧɡԨƿţһߵԺУҹʵΣ
ǧȻ䣬·ʱһĨŵƮرš
Ǳ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôζ
ǧپᣬܿҲԨĽŲ
Ԩ뵼ʦҪôԣ
ԨһվͬҴ֡
ǧ۾ҪԨ뵼ʦкα£Ǳ쳬ȺպʵҲø졣
Ԩ뵼ʦǱ㿪ʼɡǧۣһս⡣
Ԩվԭؾ
ǧѪ﷨ȣּԨпһǿʵԨ뵼ʦ㲻ñ𣿡
ԨҡҡͷǵʦʱͲñˡ
˵ǧĴ΢΢𣬡ȻԨ뵼ʦ˵ˣҲ˵ʲôͿʼɡ
áԨӳµ˫䣬ȴһĨܣý˷ֱ治塣
ǧԨվûüͶ˼Ż̽
ңԨƿϮȥ
Ԩ뾲Ļվԭһ
ǧˣüͷһ˿Ϯһ뵽Ƕ㣬أȻվԭزʲôأ
ǧһ۾Ϳ˵˼Ԩ룬Ϳ͸
ڴʱԨ붯ˣֱֽϮĻסХĻɢŹâȴǸоʹһüͷûһ¡
ǧˣ˫ϴ
̬ȻĻסˣ
ǡһԨл򣬶ת˲֮ЩС򾹱Ϥ飬ۼ¡
ǧȵŴͣڶûмô̬ˣܽĻסͽֽĻ顣
Ԩ룬ɲ⡭
ôģǧҧ̲סһ䡣
Ԩȴûлش𣬡֮Ľδ
ǧšüͷǰ˿̰壬ִȤܾرһˣǴɡ
еѪ﷨ȷһתͻȻһĿؼڶĿ棬еĻ˷ǳżֱ˵ơ
Ԩ붢л棬鲻䣬ڿһС֮
ޱ飬ǧЩգеĻ˲ûһգХųԨϮȥ
ǧվڻһˣȾһŻ֮⣬޵ģӳʱһĨұ͹ܡ
Ԩ붢˫ָһ
ʱ
ڵĻȻԨǰʮ׵ĵطȻͣ£͸аһ㣬һ



523 ԵĲ

ǧ򴽣ɫӳ˼֡
ڣ½Ƕû֮֮𡭡
ƺܲɻˡԨ֣һ¾ͽǰĻ顣
ǧҧе˼֣յĲ˵Լʱ͸һⷬٶܾöЩơ
ߡǧߣԨ뵼ʦʾһ£ʲôп죡
Ԩ뿴üһΣá
һ䣬ǧͿԨһűӰǰ֣þ͸ǹһ۾ٶȡ
죬
ÿ졭
ǧͼȥ׽ԨӰͲ׽
̫ˡ
ʱԨȻ֡
ƷϮǧܵسһ㣬ɴʱҲһƷϮ
ǧͷһ˹ȥ
Ԩ벢ŹƷٴϮǧȥŪ÷ңˣһСĲȵ˵ϵСʯӡ
δü˼Ӿȥ
ǧҧأɫüΪѿ⻹ԽһαϷˣǱ
صȴԼˤ£ɹûиеʲôʹУȺģǵĳС
ǸȣƮϡ
ǧͷһ̧ʱԨ˫ڵ˫
Ԩ뵼ʦ
Ԩϸǧϸϸܼ侹ܸܵϵ¶ȣҲȵģ˵ĸо
֪Ϊ𣿡Ԩ봹ǧĲϡ
ɲǣһϮǧһ㶣С˲˼ֻ֣Ԩ˳ֽסģΪƷһ˿ζ
뷨ǲЩ̬ˣ
ʦٶȵȷǼģҲ֪ʲôпˡǧüɫ뿪ԨĻ
Ԩ뿴һԾûʲô飬ţԺҲڼϰ
лʦ̵ǧȥһСҲָ˳ɫ
Ԩ봹Լƣ˫֣ƺ뽫ʲô֮С
Ϣһٽ̵Ԩ˵ص˷䡣
ǧԶȥӰüͷ˼֣Ϊһ˲֮ȻԨӰЩϤ
Ȼħˣ
ǧٽڵסݣҲ˳һ£һЩƷڷλãһ֮߳ݡ
߳ȥʱõ˳Էʱ䡣
ȥѧԺʳóԷɸһ߳ԺӾͱԨסˣҪȥĶ
ǧȻȥʳóԷˡ
Ԩ뿴Ұ׼˷ˣͬһ԰ɡ
ǧ΢㶣ʦʲôľȻԼС
Ҳû飬ܿʹӦˣãǾһ԰ɡ
ٴνȥԨķ䣬ǧֻУΨϵڷˣʹ΢Щ
ǧϵķˣ㶡
ȻԵĲˡ
ɺ
ԨʣôˣǷ˲Ϳζ𣿡
ǧȻ񣬵ûУЩ˶ҰԵģҾ;Щȶѡ
Ԩе꣬ǳǳ˵ԭЩ㰮ԵˣǺܺ𣿡
ǧۣŵҲԣȷǲġ
ôȻֻɺϰɡ
ǧһڣЩ˵ζ治ʦģ
Ԩó𣿡
óԡǧȾһɫǵǳ
ԨУֻͷһţóԱһЩ
ǧǳǳӦһ
극Ԩ㽫ϵʰɾһ֮ͷϢһ£һȥ
Ҫʽʼ
ǧһԾԾԵģ
Ԩ볯һۣܿͽĿջأ߰ɡ
ǧԨţû߼ǿٵʦѧȥȥӦѧԺе
ʦǲȥѧԺ𣿡һ䡣
Ԩƿɵȥ˵ʵսá
ǧٴĽѧʽͰͬҲϲʵսˣ򵥴ֱҲ죡
Ԩ뽫һ֣֦Ҷïħ޵ĺ
ǰɭ֣⴦ɭֿѧԺħ޾Ӷ࣬ʺѧԺ֮ġ
ǧҲǰɭ֣һ˲뷨ʵʦɭ𣿡
ԨͷͳһֽֽɱħƷ֣ɱ֮øħ޵ǣֻһʱ
䣬Ԩ뽫ֽŵݵǧУ˳ȡһ㡣
ǧֽϿһۣ滭ħӦǹǴǴӴֱսҲΪǿ󣬶һϻͬͷϻֻǡ



524 ĵʦ

Ԩһ͸ôѵ񣬹ƻ̽ʵ
һΣҪúܺã
뵽˴ǧ˫ȭ֮ҲһĨᶨɫ
ʦģһὫɵĺܺá䣬ǧȥɭ
ͬʱԨҲȼ
ǧ뵽ɭֺ󣬾Ϳʼ䱸
⴦ɭϤһʲôڳ͵鷳ˡ
䱸ųɭһȥżЩȼСħ޴߾ǧüһδᣬҪľҵǴ
ٴʱǧһХ
Х졣
ǧסͬʱȴ΢΢
ҵǴˡ
èӣݴ̽ȥܿ㿴вٹǴСӱߺˮԹһ£ЩǴĵȼҡ
ȼȻƽӹܿո
ǧ֮͸һĨ
һʱգ۾͹ץʱˡ
ǧֳַȣǴΧǴһ룬̷ش
𡭡
ǵĺ죬ż־ζ
ǧѪ﷨ȣδǵľУûãٴһ׼ȥոǵͷ
ಡ֣ǧλһ磬ϽǰĹǴնɱɾ
Ǵʱ˿һĻȻ̾ǧ٣Ҿˣ
ϧΧֻǧһٶҲ͡
ʱ䣬ǧͽǰĹǴնɱɾȡذףͷϵһһȡ¡
ǧʱҲˣսƷȥԨ롣
ȥʱԨڵϣ˫գֱߵȼգܿȼˣԨҲڴʱ
ڣĻϸʱȴּΪƯƽЩ
ԨվĿǧϻιʵǿȡˣ
ǧһ鲼ӷŵǰʦѾȡˡ
Ԩ鲼ӴʱһѪζڱ䣬һȷ˲ٹǴǣĺܲʱŪôǹ
ǧһֻһãʦˡ
Ԩһ٣ֵǵѵŸոտʼҪΪǿ߱ȻȳԿ࣬ѵѶȽӴܳܵס𣿡
ǧȭ˫ᶨ貣Ȼܹܵס
ȻҲѧԺˡ



525 

Ԩֵʱ磬ٽȥɱֻħްɣɱãûй涨
ǧûκβͷֽ뵽ɭС
ʱɫѾˣȴвսƷΪԨѾȥȴڵϣǸģڵ
ǧһ㶣첽ܵԨ࣬ʵԨ뵼ʦôڣѾѾȥˡ
Ԩվܸ˲ͽǧǰĹڸסĵʦȻҪҲߡ
ǧϸϸĥһȴ־Щ֡
ǻȥɡ
Ԩǰá
ǧԨ࣬򴽣̲סȥ
ĺƽȴּΪᣬŲʮ£㲻׵ʵʵڽľ
˼ۣİڲ֪ƷϤζָоΪָ֣ġ
ôˣԨй񣬲ʵ
ǧٽĿջأЩûʲôҾǾõʦᣬ׵ʵʵڽ
Ԩ뿴˳۽ëȾ»ʱΪƯŬʵ϶һ¥㲻ؽǡ
ǧŴ꣬Ҳûǰɡ
֪ˣԺ뵼ʦָ㡣Ӷ䣬촽һһϵɫ¸ˡ
Ԩ붢Ҳ֪ڿЩʲô
ǧŻڣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôźá
ܿ죬ѧԺǰҲǧ˳ʦҽЩˣȻطˡ
Ԩվԭأһ˲˲ıӰֱ֪ıӰʧԨŽĿջء
صǧϲɳ˿Ԩ뵼ʦǺܲԽദԽǾ֣˵ĸо
ǵ⣬ƣһֺĿ⣬⵽ֹ

ǧҧֱӽĺ˼ʰһ±˯
˯֮ʣǧŵһ㴫Ƥһ˯øˡ
ʱ
֨߹һǧķűƿ
ţ߽һź£ͷ׵ӡ
ӶǰһɫűĹ߽ĿⴥϵǧʱһΣĮкһ˼ȡ
˼Ҳ͸һ޾˼
ѾþδãĿڵĴʯҲ¡
֣ϸϸĦš
ͬѰһů紺Ҳ»Ὣˡ
Һ㡭εૣǧȴһҲδ
ζСͻȻסССͼеһǵúڶԴ֮һ㡣
ɽģȻǡ
ǹѵ֮ˣ鰮֮δĹԴǳеζʦͨ
ǵò࣬㽫ĺȥ
ǧ˿ţ϶ᱻǰĳ
ﾹȻܵ͵ףȣ¡
ģǧֻԼҪϢˡ
СȭͷϿ飬۾Ծɱš

οǺСؽſ
һõͷţǧŲˣҲˣ˯ø
δḧţϸǣռ
䣬ΰҴñӣŶ
գǧ˯졣
ɫɫˣȻǷΡ
ǵúܲ࣬һǷģֹѵӾȻ
ǧץһͷҲͰˣΪλǷأͷͻ˽ޣεѲΪ
ǰɡ
һԼĵˣȻţⲻǷʲô
ǧ£ɫ˲úܲ
˯òãԨɫãͳһ䡣
ǧһ㶣֧֧˵ûجˣǸج΢Щ⣬һͺˡ
جΣԨ뿴纣ǲ˯ò𣿡
ǧüͷҲô˵ɡ
Ԩ뽫һŵҩȡһĵȥϣܶ
лʦǧ붼ûͽҩȥ֮Ԩĳ
뷨һǧ˲һ
Ǹű˵ˣԨ룬Ȼˡ
Щһȥ᳡Ԩ뽫緹ȡ˵
ǧº΢΢һ٣᳡
ҪѵôҪȥ᳡ˣ
ԨΪʢһ࣬˵᳡мҪʵͬʱҲز٣һ⣬㾡±ǡ



526 ȥ᳡

ǧգգ۾
ܾλʦĺܲ˵ĵʦѧȥ᳡ֵط
ʦʵ㲻ףΪβռѧأǧС̲࣬סʵ
Ԩ뿴㣬㹻ˡ
ǧ㽫еС³仰ôôء
Ϊ˲ᣬԨ͵˵ʵѧ㹻ˣҲտ
ǧŰĲ١
ԭˣղŹħˣȻˡ
ʦʲôʱȥ᳡ǧ뷽ţȲ˲͡
Ԩ붢СǳԱˣǾȥɡ
ǧȹվй⻪貣ԱˣǿЩȥɡ
ǧǰ棬Ų졣
ԨںͷȸԾıӰ֪ΪҲ
ѧԺСϣӭī衣
ī轫ǧסʵǧҪȥ
˵䣬ī費ɫشԨ뼸ۣƽ˭ǧ
֪ΪΣƽˣ֮侹һĨϲ
ҼҵʦҪȥ᳡ǧָָߵƽӣҼҵʦԨ롣
Ԩ룿
ī¡üͷδ˵λʦĴ
ʦǽѧΪλȥ᳡ֵطīԽԽԾʦѧȥ᳡
ôû㿪ĵʦ
ǧΪȻʼ磬ʦ˵᳡вٺöóȥˣҲһЩʶͦġ
īԨ룬֮г䱸
Ԩ뵭ī裬ȥҲͬһȥʱ䣬˵ǵʦ
īһ㶣ŸոսѧԺǾȱϯ˸ʦӳȻǲõģ򴽣ģЩᡣ
ǧΪѣļЦҲΪѣȥˣıҰ£ʱ˰ѽһҡ
ԡī蹴һЦֽĿͶԨϣе̽;಻ʤ
Ԩ󷽷ɫ䡣
īԭشһ뿪
Ԩ붢ıӰʵղǸѣ
ǧȸ½ѣС˵㣬ʵ˻㲻ɡ
Ԩڴڼ㲻˵ˡ
ǧЩƣȴҲû˵
ܿ죬Ԩʹ᳡
᳡ư磬ظǴþˣͬȸ½һȣ᳡͸ʹһ˶಻ʤ
᳡֡ǧ̾һ
Ԩ͵Ĵ½߾ѧԺȻǶģȽȥɡ
ǧȴֹҵ̣׬˰ɡ
ԨҲ֪ûнֹ
˽ȥһſ
һȫµĺڿػͬȸ½һģ㹻ĻֱܰVIPᣬܶһ
ǧеĺڿ΢΢Ｘ֣ʦ˵ջʲôıأ
ԨҡͷҲ֪ȥ֪ˡ
áǧӦһԨͦΡ
Ԩ붢ɵȻȥͷ뷨һͱѹȥ
ǧԨһ𣬸ǧܸܵɢ£ȵģ·ܽҲһˡ
ͷһæǳԱŲŲͼԨ롣
ǵʦһҲûʲô
ɲ֪ΪΣһͦеģҲʹˡ
ôˣܵĿܣԨʵ
ǧ糺죬֧֧ûʲôǾ˼˵ģЩȡ
šԨƿûлֲȥᣬ˻֣Ժȥˡ
Ժ󰡡
ǧ˵ĸо
ʱһһȥǿʼˡ
Ÿ̨ϳгһǧŽעתƣҲôˡ
һ˫սѥʹߵٶȣ̨֮ϣһŮӽսѥȡһ˫ͨ͸սѥԶԶȥ硣
ǧ˫սѥ˸ŨŨȤζ
˫ѥӣܲ
ϴѥǵ˵ģȻܸǰķսѥȣܽ˫ѥ£ʵܸһ¥
ϲԨס
ǧ˿Σо˫ѥӺͦϵģҲϲ
ã֪ˡԨӦһƺʲô㡣
ǧ֪˼ֻҪѥ¡
˫սѥĵ׼ǶʮңڿģŮӽսѥ£һ
£
ʮҡ



527 ֹϵ

ʮҡ
ʮʮ򡭡
ʮң
Ŵ˷ľǧܾʱˣһڶ
һҡ
ŵߣǧһ㶣ʱ㿴ԨͨĲ
Ԩ뵼ʦҲϲ˫ѥӣ
Ҳϲֻܸˡ
ǡԨ붢üۣ˫֮µķ·ֻһˣ£ΨһѧȻҪһЩ񡣡
ʲô
м
Եĵʦô𣿶ҲֻѧԺ¶ѡ
ʦҲ̫˰ɣǧ΢ЩܣܾòӦļ
һҲأһˡԨ˶٣ֵǲ£ǲʦ
ô᲻ϡǧҧЭˣݼұˣлʦ񰮡
£Ԩֺࡣ
ǧĲһʱͷһƬӡ
һ۸һֻ΢һ£ʼۡ
һʮҡ
򡣡
İҡ
۸ߣЩ˶սѥҲڱصá
ԨŪָ⣬Ųҵһǧҡ
ǧ޳ָ⣬㷢ľٶţӦǳ֮ˣһļӼĿˡ
һļӼۣԨ룬ôֱӾһǧˣ
ܼӣ
Ԩ뵼ʦӼ۵Ҳ̫˰ɣǧͻȻЩ𸻣ʵ͹˰ɡ
Ԩ뿴һۣɹѵֻЩսѥģټǮҲġ
ǧŴһʱ侹֪˵Щʲô
ܾԨ̫ˣõ˵Ĺ졭
һǧ۸һ˶ˡ
ȻôټȥǾ͵ҵˡ
Щָ̻ǣ㲻ټӼˡ
һǧһΣһǧΣһǧΣŮСͷʱսѥ͹Ԩˡ
ԱսѥʱԨת־ͽսѥǧС
˫սѥ͸㡣
˫纣ȴеǳƯǳǳɷǺÿ
ǧףһʱֻͷ̽Ŀƿлʦ˫սѥһúŵġ
ҪúţúšԨĻ˵ú֪ЩʵһЩ
ǧͷӦ֪ˡ
Ҫʲô𣿡Ԩ뿴һ䡣
ǧһ㶣ѲԨ뻹ʲô
ɡֻ֮ʦϵٸʲôĻоԨһ
Ҳ֪Ҫʲôʲôʵģٳ֡ǧת׿Ԩ룬࣬ʱһỨԼ򣬵ʦһűá
Ԩˡ
ǧų˿Ԩղǰ㶨ȻǶѧϲ
ţﱻ½ųɲûʲôñǧС
ʦµսѥҲûʲôĶˡǧЩ˯᳡ôȣ˷Ƶĺܡ
Ԩ뿴һۣٿɣδһҪĶأ
ǧãǱٿɡ
ûą̃ϵŮӱȡһöϸСɫӣһ߱춹
ϸСɫɢ⣬ǳǳɫ͸һ㡣
᳡֮˿ö߱춹Ҳδֳκ˷֮ɫ
һƶģϸһƻܿиƶдƷиʲôã
ʦϿ߱춹ǧŸ̨֮ϵ߱춹ֻԲķɰ˵߱춹ǼΪֲǵѪԼΪãʱܳΪʱõҪ֡
Ԩ뿪˵û߱춹ҪѪιѪ󼫴ǱʳʧѪһ˶Ѫ߱춹Ƕðա
Сǧ߳һ֪ΪξǶö߱춹˼Ȥ
ܽɣһ
ҪԨš
밡϶˵߱춹Ϊѵãܴǧȴмڱصõζ
ö߱춹ǲƵģԨһָ
ǧ濴ȥȻһССĺڶȫûʧ۾һûϵж͸ˣʱûұúٵĽҽ£Ǻܺã
еľӨԨƿϲ°ɣʱѪʱһΪ㻤ʲôһ㡣
ǧһ㶣ʦΪҪã
ԨһΪΨһѧ



528 Ѫ߱춹

Ҳǡǧ򴽣ͷǾЩֹ֣ܿͻָ˳ɫ
ʱŮӵ𣬡ö߱춹ĵ׼ʮңĿʼ
һ䣬ľ˵Ƕ߱춹ԡ
ʮһҡ
ʮҡ
ʮ򡭡
ӵ߱춹ļ۸Ҳſ˶ʮҡ
ǧʱˣƿʮҡ
ֱӼң߱춹ֶЩƴˡ
۸ͻȻ;
ʮһöƵ߱춹ѪʱҪԵһ⣬˱˲գͺܲ㡣
ûˡ
ǧö߱춹ˡ
ǧԶʮļ۸õ߱춹߱춹ʱֵذš
ʦö߱춹Բ͵Ļͦɰǧ߱춹̵ִЩ͸ɫӳС
Ԩƴϲá
ûʲôöˣǧ߱춹ռ䣬ſ˵ʦûʲôˣǻȥɣ
ԨҲûʲôöͬҪ
Ǳ߰ɡ
һȥϣǧ⣬ܿҲܵⲢûǰôˡ
Ҳԣ¶Ѿ붬ˣٹҲԽԽ䣬ʱƻ´ѩʱѩӦûɣ
𣿡Ԩ࣬һ䡣
ǧգգ۾ŷѾˣӻЩˣʦҪȥԷ
ԨҡҡͷĿڲԶľ¥ϣҼǵøһҲӻ¥Ĵ½߾벻ȥӻ¥һ٣
ǧ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ濴ӻ¥
һľ¥װμΪҲܲɣ
ʦҪȥԷţȥԳԿ
롣Ԩ봹ڣȥ𣿡
ǧü˫ҲȻҪȥ¥۲֪ĲƷΡ
ԨĿϣȴֺܿ˻к
ǧֽӻ¥ȴȫûԨʵ̫ˣӦģԵĵʦ㣿
ӻ¥ԨҪһᣬǧˡ
ʦɡǧԨˡ
ԨҡҡͷϲİɣҳʲôС
ǧգգ۾ܾ΢е㲻˼ôáҪҵһЩҲһЩ𣿡



529 Сѿ

Ԩ٣ʲôš
㷹Ŵӻ¥߳
ԨţͷĿ䵽ϣζΣ
ģ̌һ˲ͺ߽һûɵһţζܲȻĵһ¥
Ԩ뽫Ŀջأϲá
ǧüͷܾ˵ĿЩϤ
ǣ񰡡
ǧƲѣϸһԾûκν򴽣ŸԨĽŲ
ȥԨ߱춹Լǧ֪ҪԼؽ߱춹ȡ
һСС̶ڷϣǧ󲻵˵ѪҺ
ʼɡԨŰϵ߱춹ֽĿͶǧϡ
ǧָҧƣһ˲Ѫӵ߱춹ı棬գ֮һɫĹȻ֣⡣
ڹ֮У߱춹ҲЩ仯
âɢǧ߱춹֮ҲһЩϵٿһССɫѿ
ѿۣҲϸۣ·һͻһ㡣
ʦӱСѿˣɰǧЦųԨ뿴ȥ
Ԩ뿴ڷСѿԺɣҲӴ׳ȻС
ǧֵ˵СѿͻȻһɺĸоĿӣȡϵ֮Сѿ˵ʲôˡ

ҪԶ
ǧգգ۾ʦСѿ˵ˣǲӦιЩѪ
ԨۣƲԸǧѪˣԿ
ǧ뽫ָҧƣСѿϸϸŴŴٴδռĵҩźúóԣܲܳԵҩ
ǧµĶ̶ס˵߱춹ҪѪι
Ϊ߱춹Ҫҩˣ
ҲãռﵤҩǣԵҩȺùʧѪɣ
ǧȡһƿҩԡ
Сѿһҩƿ￪ʼһͳԡ
ҩúóӴ
Ҫ
ǧһһƿҩȫûˣգ֮ʣιѪҪʧѪࡣ
룬ֶһƿҩ
һСѿԵöԲĹģҲҪԵˡ
Ԩ붢ŶӹƵСѿһ˫ڳ̽ɫԵ߱춹ѪΪʳ߱춹ϲԵҩҲãʡȥ˲Σա
ǧָһ̹Сѿ̲ƵϣССɫѿѿڷš
ǧֵ˵ѿѿǳЦǰʡ˲Σա
˵Щʱǧڵɫ˼֣ѪǺãΪβôһóô൤ҩĪǣ֪Լҩʦ
ǧ̲סֿԨ뼸ۣе̽
Ԩͷ˫ѣΪ㿴ң
ǧĿе̽ȥûʲôȥԿСѿ֪𣿡
ԨȻǿԵģȥͷɭԡ
ǧһȥɭ֣ԨִҪȥ˵Ҫ֤ѧİȫǧ֪Ǻ⣬޷ֻܾˡ
˽ɭʱʱеȼСħǰܹ
ǧЩСħûȤҸЩĿСѿ
߱춹»ڣҸСЩĿͺãĿ̫ġԨѡ
ǧһ⻰Щյʦ˼Ӧѡεȼħޣ
ԨһָǸͲ
ģ̌ȥֺӱһֻţһħޣȼĺõͣȻס
СѿҲֻǸСѡ
СѿȥŪ
ǧĻ£ϵСѿһɳ
ǧգգ۾ҲֻһɫĲӰ
죬СѿٶȻ죬Ϳ˺ðɣ
ʱΪһĻˣڽӽħ޵ʱСѿϸС֮ϻһĴ̡
ϸС˲ͽħסЩĴҲħڣֻá˹ˡСѿʳħ޵ѪҺ
ǧţǲɳ˳飬СѿУɱħ޹оħ޵ѪǸԻ
ղŵĵҩûаι
ʱħ޸ܵڵѪҺţ˻
𡭡
زҽڶ߻ƣֵǧҲЩꡣ
Сѿָܳħһʹ죬˼ʱСѿʳһѪҺֻħ޾ֻûһѷĩΨͷħ޾˵ڵأȴҫš
ǧͣЩȡ
Сѿͦģת˲һֻ޴ħ޻˷ĩȻôһ̣Ǻܺõġ



530 ǿѵ

СѿŤСѿѿƺЩδѪζð
СѿǧߺһСѿ˲仯һ̹ٴβϡ
ǧһСѿʳѪҺ֮һЩҲ֪ǲԼĴ
ʦСѿʵΣǧԨ롣
ԨƿԼܳΪһ
ǧҲСѿϣлʦȥ᳡Ҳĵô౦
ˣԨ봹ҲһƲ޷ҵѧȻϣܱǿ
ǧЦЦ㲻˵
ȥɡԨ븺ǰ棬׵һƬ½Ǳ紵֮һ
ʦϵʲôζͦŵġǧͷ̲סѯʡ
Ԩ뿪ڣ΢һֻ㡣
ǧͷܿ˱صѧԺУһȥСɢȾ
Ⱦɴɫ·棬ԡ
ʦͽȥйˣôŻȾһʣоҲƽ˼ɫ쳣
Ԩش𣺡ȥɭһʵսЧ
ȾֽĿͶǧϣ㵹Ǵ󵨣Ȼѧʼʵսˡ
Ԩ⵭ãɱ˼ֻħ޶ѡ
Ⱦ䶯ǣһǿڵˣЩѧԺﻹҪ֯һʵսѵ
Ԩ΢ʵսѵ
ȾĴٴƿûʵսʱѧԺָѧڹ涨ʱͿˡ
Ԩʲôû˵
ǧЩԾԾԣһд͵ѵ񣬻ǲ
ȾһתһаţʵսѵСǰʦͰ༶ġԨ룬ֻһѧʱǸСҲֻһˡ
Ԩ벻ɫüɫȴûб
Ⱦֵڴ䣬֮һԨ룬᲻һ˵Ļʱ䵽ʦǱߣʵսٽӻɡ
ԨĬ
ǧգգ۾˵ʲô
Ҳ˵ʦֻһˣʱѵҲֻһˣʦѧʱһ˶Զˣ붼رѹ
Ԩ룬ֻһӴ˾ûˡȾϱ顣
Ԩ뻹δ˵
ǧָ⣬ʵͦϲһ˵ģж㣬һûѡ
Ԩ뵼ʦһҲ޷ǧᳶԨ½ǣСŪʦ£ɺã
áԨԥ
ǧЩ𾪡
ܺãҲͬ⡣ԨȾµĿ£ڵΪʵ
ǧۣиǲ죬Ȼô
ô붼Щ֡
ðɣȻľҲǿˡȾڰ֣ڿǧʱг̽ˣʵսѵнΨеһĶܵõǿɵüˡ
˵ţȾ뿪һĨһٴϮ
ǧӣúŨζԨϵĵŻš
𣿡ԨͻȻʡ
ǧЩĪʲô
ʵսѵнԭƿĿշת䵽ϣղѾʱĵʦµĻᣬ𣿡
ǧȭĿᶨڣԼʵ
Ⱦһǹ⣬Ư쳣
ãʵսѵ֮ǰҪӴˡԨۣܿ촫ǧϡ
ǹţ֮á
ȻȥϢȥɭ䣬ԨѾתӡ
ǧԭվһҲصС
ڶգǧʱɫһƬ糺졣
ˡ
ɫɫˡ
ȻǷΣˡ
ǧץһưԼѾԶԶΪλε
ͼԼ侲
ԺǸ컵ξǾǵ࡭
ǧʶֵڴ䣬֪Ϊܸܵһƻδɢı㡣
ˣħˡ
ǧϴŶʱֽոĨͻ罫еȫɢˡ
üã
ǧŸ߳ûãͷһСһСѩƮ䣬ССһ㣬䵽Ͼͺܿ컯ˡ
Ѿѩļ
ǧƳſһƬѩƼ䣬һɲǡ
ѩˣΪλôԨ߳ͷһö˱˳϶ǳĵʸá
ֻ̫ͨˡ
ʦĪˣҿǻϵħʦǧСͨ죬ȴ䣬ůӣһ㶼䡣



531 Ϣ

㻹ϰɡԨ뽫һɫĺöȡСɣרΪһ
ǧָָЩ棬ҵģ
Ԩޱиãߴúͬ
ԭˡǧ򴽣ΪԨصΪġ
ˡ
лʦǧϣůͲ١
Ԩ뿴һۣ緹Ǿȥɭ֡
ǧͷ
ȥɭʱвѧѾˣΪʵսѵԵʣűʦǰųѵˡ
ѧöࡣǧü治ϣôѧһѵʱħ޻Ҫһ㶼ʹ졣
Ԩ֪˼㣬ھ˵ǲһѵ֪иط㾡նɱħޡ
ǧһ˫һȦǺεط
ҴȥԨ϶Ĵ
ǧٸϡ
һǰһ󣬾ĵһ֮ء
ֵƽ˹ЩѧȻҲϾħ޿ɱͷħˡ
ﾲײ˽Ԩ볯ܿ˿ֵħ޴ͣɵСˡ
ǧͷЩҶ֪
ܿ죬ǧȡȣ׼ͻħս
ͻһֻ߽ǣצӺݶʮּǱħޣǿرϲս
ǧͳǷɱȥ
ٶȼ죬ⶼҪ鹦ϵķսѥһǧҵĶ治ͬ졣
ء
ȴʱǷһʡ
ǧȳѪ˲佫˫Ⱦ졣
ֳַȣһԨȥʵʦҸղŵıΣ
Ԩ붢ã㿪ڵЩ
ǧ㶣øղŵٶѾܿˣƫƫ˵ٶˣҲ֪пôı׼
ôˣԨ뾲Ѳղ˵̫أˣ
ǧգգ۾ʵǵʦܸңβٶ𣿡
Ԩ´ۣƿҪٶȵķкܶ࣬Ϊ򵥴ֱıԼʵһЩڵһЩء
ǧڵģ
˵ѥӣֱ˵÷ȵƣܸıжٶȡԨ˵ţΪ
ǧգգ۾ǰһѥ֪ģ÷ȵʲô˼
˵÷ȵƲԣ
һֱôõİΪΪˡ
ʦ÷ȵƲ𣿡ǧɫȴЩꡣ
Ԩ÷üӶٶ֡
ǧ󣬾ȫûɣЩ֪ȷ÷ǵʦҸôã̽ҿɺã
Ԩûн˵÷ȵƣһŻ򿴿
ǧۣӶʱһŻɳ
ƿնĻ˲ͽĴҳһڶ
ҪٶȿЩȾ͸áԨǰְֵؽ÷ȣһɲǣԵϢһЩŻ㲻䡣
ϣǧҲܵϵȶȡ
ˣ·ܽ඼ˡ
ǧӽסָҲЩòסеķˡ
רһЩʧԨƺЩ˵Ҳϡ
棬ǧȫӡ
ֵĸо
ȴϤ
ǧҧס˫ֶһЩ²⡣
ȷԺԨŽɿƱԿɣǾòãûԭĺˡ
ɢǧŻеķȣۻϵħʱһȻͬһ㳯ȥ
Сٶȼ죬ѰĹ켣
ңǾ޴̾ͽĴˡ
һĻǧѽղŵһԺգգ۾ȫǾɫ
ͻһƶѣôҲˣ
Ԩ֪ʲôڱ͵ıԺ󣬸СˣٶȺȻҲı䡣
ǧҲ֪˵Щʲô
ʵ̫ˣı䣬Ҳøıôడ
Ƶģ¡
𾪣ⱾʵʵԨ
ǧŻлʦƣҾƺܺãٸıˡ
Ԩϲãϣ
ǧһĨЦкɴˡ
Ԩ봽һ䣬ǳǳһĨЦǵ
ģ̌ȵŴ͡
ʦȻЦˡ
ǳǳһЦȴҲǼΪѵõġ
ΪԨ벻Цȴ֪ҲЦЦѩڣ˫ͬǳҲȴյͨ



532 һֱ

ôˣסԨЩĪ
ǧ˲ӱӵûʲôǷֵʦЦˣЩȶѡ
ԨʧЦҲЦ
ǧ䶯ǣֹһ䣬ʦƽĽһΪǲЦġ
ԨԼĴǣָֻƽ֮ɫЦÿ𣿡
ǧ򴽣Ʒһ˿ζָ⣬ֻӲͷƤȻǺÿġ
ȥɡԨǰͷϵĶ񻮿һ
ǧıӰü۽¡
Σĺ񡭡
ǧԭվ˻ȹ׷ȥ
ڶգͷˣ˱ѩ˶ӵѧȻȥɭˣǶڣŵʦڿΡ
ǧŴưôѩЩꡣ
ѩµҲ֪ʱŻͣʱҪˡ
ԨŶ룬㼱꣬ǿ˵ҪĻҵ֪һ취ߡ
ǧԴӵ˫˹ʲô취
Ԩû˵ǧ۾ֵɱʲôҩİ취
ҩԨҲ۾ֶԡ
ǾǺΰ취ǧǰԨǰվ
Ԩô֪ǿ˿ڣͷѩģڱѩҲܽϵħ磬ʵȻкܴߣԵģⷽΣգҪҪȫ㡣
ǧ˫ͬǳһð취ǰôû뵽
ȻҪˣǧһִѩնеģҵüӽˡ
Ԩۣ˽ﻹǲȥðա
ѾȰġ
ǧ϶ߵſʱͻȻͣʦҪȥˡ
ԨǰͬȥǳҲиӦ
ǧ룬Ҳô˻ǵ˵ͷ
ӭűѩ߳䣬߳ѧԺһ·ߵ˳ɭС
ѩХǿľ磬ǧһкüβˤˣȴƽ
ԨںͷȴûһҪ˼
ǧҧأϺͺХıѩԿС֣СȫˣħܰȡůȻͱɱˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧҪľ֮ʱɭһտ֮ء



533 ô

Ԩ˵⴦յûħޣҿտʺϸΣ
ǧƣСҲͨ죬лʦطͺܺˡ
Ǳ㿪ʼɡԨ뿴
ǧҧڽѪ﷨ȡڱѩлӶŷȣϵħɱѩʵ̫ոĻͱ紵ɢˡ
ҲΪǿеķôӲһӳͻᱻϣģ
Ԩ뾲ϣԼѹء
ǧһӶŷȣŻ档
ӲˣϨ
ʧܺͳ֮ԺŬǧܽȻӳˣϵħҲᱻ紵ɢˣ
ǧȾӳ֮⡣
ʲôܱʵأ
ǧĿһ˼Ѫһڱѩвϻŷȣ۵ĻϵħҲշ磬Ҳǰ˼֡
ԨˣЩȣ治֪ڶ̶ʱʵֱ˴۽硣
һ貵飬˿̣ɢƹ⻪
֪УɫȻѾˡ
Ԩ뿴һɫ̲סǰɫѾˣôøϢһˣǳɻӰġ
ǧһͣж
һȻϣѲɣԨҲһԵһϣ
ʦһֱڣǧţԼ̧ˣᣬ飬Լһ
ҵѧ⡣Ԩۣ֪Ͳ취ˡ
ǧⴽǣۣ˯
˱۾˯˹ȥ
Ԩ֣ۼֿؽ뻳С
ǧ˫գ˯úܳСҲúͮͮ֫ҲǽӲˡ
ԨḧֻһĨָӡ
ٻصѧԺ
صԺԨľͰзˮɲѬӡ
Ԩ룬ֱӽ÷ǧľͰУƮɢˮ˲佫ӽʪûŶ÷ϵСͶ˼ѪɫָҲů
Ԩ˲ɳ˿ҲǽǰС鷢
һɲǣǧž£ִЩۺɫӳС
Ԩ뾲ţһʱûκξٶ
ľͰеǧֻһů⴩֫ٺһŻ۾
۾㿴ľͰһˡ
͸㿴˵һ㶣ſ˵Ԩ뵼ʦôҡôˣ
ǧ˿ԼľͰУ䴩룬ˮֱϣһӱüΪ͸·ʲôܿһ
ǧԼ³һЩڵ
Ԩûľٶ˵ղڱѩѩ̫εˣŽͻְЩˮ
ѣǧԼղεˡ
Ԩ뼰ʱԮֻ»ҪڷѩٴЩʱʱ͵óɱˡ
лʦȡģ̧֣̌ϺɢҲܶˡ
Ԩ붢ۺԵҵѧȻԹۣҺúҾȳȥˡ
˵ţԨת뿪
ǧۣЩʧؿ뿪ıӰ
˼ۺ㽫ĿջأҲŴ£֪Щʲô
ˮãľͰеˮˣǧŴľͰ߳
һȾʪϣҲĺĹ˳ÿһˮ䣬Ө͸ˮ˼Ըеζ
ǧϵʪ·£˲󱳴ɫľŰ֣ͭЩʧؽḧȥ
ܵĺȥޱȡ
ǵʱμʱƻϹԲ̵Ŀֻ󱳴ĺҫ۰ɡ
ǧۣȡһ׸ɾ·ܿǶҲʧˡ
˿һ㡣
ǧŶ
ʱɫѾڵóףĻѩѻԺУҹҲƳǰɫġ
Ԩ뵼ʦʲôǧһתͷͷԨѩŪʲô
ԨŽĿͶϣҷʱڵİѩΪռǻƳҩˮ
ǧ󣬺סʦЩͨѩѣ㾹ܽƳƷ
ԨŰѩ΢ֻҪԶѡ
ˡǧŵϵİѩӹµһתʦѩ࣬ҲѧһѰɡ
Ԩ룬ǵá
ǧϵСӣһЩ㿪˵ʦǻϵħʦһ㻯ѩɺã



534 㲻ܽȥ

Ԩ뽫ѩľͰУ˵˵ͷ
ӦǧǱ˼֣˲ѩ֮ɫ͸ӻ谵ˡ
ԨľͰ뷿䣬ǧҲ˽ȥ
ķЩģϵ̴㵹ǷյҲڶһĨ
ǧŷеĲã䲼һĲѡ
ͷԨ뽫ľͰŵϣЩʱ䣬ʦھͰѩɡ
áԨٴӦĴһƬȻÿޱȡ
ǧĿƿѩ
ϵħУȻʱٶȺ˼֣ӦþǽڱѩѵĽ
ǧϲüңЩϲؿԼָ⡣
ԨҲܵı仯̧ͷڱѩͷħˣƽĵطȻͷŵø졣
ǧһ̣ϲ֣ʦ˵ջ᲻±ѩ
Ԩƿķѩûǲͣġ
ǧ˫ৡһ¾ǾͺãҸղŻڵһ첻ѩô졣
Ԩۣڵ˫ջڱѩ
ǧսƣȫǼᶨ֮ɫȻòһĿͷҲŲʹ˷ҸоƿҲЩɶˣεѵҾܽˡ
ִ֣ԨҲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
ҲЩڣû취ˣСѾͷʵƴ
ڶգɫδǧȥյƬյء
ϻзȣеĻϵħҲҫ˼֡
գգա
ǧһֱڿյ
ʱǰЩѩڱѩĸоʵˬˡ
ǧٴϵħٿһȸȫҲܸܵȶȡ
Ҫˣ
ǧϸ룬;еȶȳֵر
Ԩɫԣб˼ֲ²⣬Ҫˣ
ǧĲʣ˵ͷҪˣھЩȺġ
Ԩٿߵͷĵطڴ˴ȽףΪ㻤˴ŵ㡣
ǧʵͲסֱ£۾һϾͿʼס
һɲǣǧԺоͳһޱȵͼͼ֮һŻϵԪƺΪҫ˼֣ȵĻҫǧʶҲŹͼУܿܵŻϵԪصȶȡ
ңͣ·ܽһա
ǧϿŻ棬һ˲֮ǰðϸ˫֮ҲЩɫȣ̣оԼӶըˡ
ԨһֻۣǰȫǺˮ˫ͨ촽Ҳмֲɫ
Ԩţüͷ弸֡
ŵʱһԶĽŲۣŲҲǶ˶
ɱѩͣʱʱڶ
Ԩһ㿴ӭŷѩǧѩɴ˼ɫȥ߹ţͷŵİɫѩҲΪɫ˲١
ҪǰߣԨһǰ
ǧѩһ㶣̧ʱ˫ī˫һƳͼ˫ͨϼۣҲʲô
ǺˣΪҪǰǧѩ̧°ͣģ߰
Ԩɨһۣʲôû˵
ˣǧѩвһ⣬Լݸ߹󣬱Ҳûô𣬡ܷÿҼҼɭȥˣѩ¡
˵ţǧѩһ
ЩһֱǷţűѩҲ޷赲ǷĽŲ
Ҳ֪Ƿڸʲôġ
ǧѩЩ᲻ὫѪѪ˵ͷЩģӭŷѩˣ˭֪һͨӵסʵڿɶ
Ԩƿ꣬ɤ䶳û£ֻڷѩѣһˡ
ǧѩһٴסǷﾹȻڷѩ
ڷѩǧѩ𴽽ǣͷ˼֡ǷܻЩڲͬ飬ǻġ
Ȼô˵һҪȥϾáǧѩִҪȥ
Ԩ뻹ûһӣ뿪ڼ䲻ϲ˴
ˣǧѩСͨ죬ɫҲһ˲һ䣬ҿĴ㣬ʲôˣ
ԨĴƿϵŻҲ֮ƮɢĵʦȻҪΪܵĴҲС
ǧѩһ㶣˵Щʲôͱɢѹסˡ
ǧĵʦ
ǧѩţҲ뵽ǰЩȾǧйȥԭǸһʦ



535 쳣

к⣿Ԩüһƺһ˿
ǧѩٴסʦȻͨϵȴҪȥ
ǰӣǿߣ
õ֪ǧѩͷһɫҲЩѿ
ΪǷãÿʲôöǻһõҲһǿɶ
ǧѩҧгݣָҲûоۡ
£߰ɡԨ
ǧѩҧܾԼǱˣһͿԶкҫ
ôк⣬Ҽó𣿡ǧѩװģȴĵĲˣĳˣԼ˵һ¶
Ԩһɫ΢䣬ȴһЦ⡣
âʢ׳ɹˡ
ǧѩֲ˵ҧҧתߣȻæҾͲˡ
ԨӦһĿȴһֱͣԶĺϡ
ǧѩԼֱӣɫļΪˡ
һߣûúɢˡ
Ԩɢȥɭһߵ棬Ϳǧ۾ȴĳֱ仨ڵΪŨˣСøӰۣĵף˺޲ȥһѡ
Ԩ붢Ľëֻʱ˼֡
ǧһڽ۾
һǣھۼ֮⣬ͬҹյ
ǧԼƣһϲӿͷʦҽˣ
Ԩ̽һ£ͷͻȻһɫ
߽ס
ֱӱ߽׻ϵħʦˡ
׻ϵֱӵ߽׻ϵٶȣֻһ˿ɼ츳ѵ˾ҲȲ
Ԩ˫ڣ޷͸ĸ֮ɫ
߽׻ϵħʦԨƿǣѵ
ǧҲʶԼס
ֲٶȣֻ»ŵɣ
ģ̌Ԩ뿴ȥۣȴɫƽͺʲôûһ㡣
ǧ۾λʦлҪסۣƿǵʦķãԲףǰЩҲЩ׵ļѩǽ
Ԩ룬ô˵Ҳе𾪡
õ͵ʵʵͳɡ
֪Ԩ뵭ײûʲôر츳õҲˡ
Ԩ˵ǧ˿
ʦҸղƺǧѩˣڽ׵ʱǧѩ
Ԩˡ
ǧʶ̧ۣǱߵİɣ
뵽˴ǧ𴽽ǣҲһơ
ΪҪЦԨһ⡣
ǧЦһգҡҡͷûʲô΢뵽һЩȤѡ
ԨӦһֿ˿ɫɫǻȥɡ
ǧظԨĽŲ
ٴγƿ˻ϵ߽ףǰ廹ڵĻֻܽⱲǺԵˡ
ǧ̾һȴûִ˿ԨȴͬѰ
صУǧһˮŴ·ɵ˴ϡ
ûãþʹӿռڳСѾͷգ֮侹߽׻ϵħʦˣϲϲ
ǧĳ䣬ǳЦл
ÿ˼ͻȻ˿ˮϵôϵȻͣףСѾͷͲ벹㣿
ôһ˵ǧ뵽⡣
ϵ߽ףϵסмĲҲ̫ˡ
ϵȻϵ񾭵ãٴһЩһء
ҵרϵħˡǧȭ˸ŹΣʵսѵ֮ǰϵħȻҪ
ļǹ
ǧűӣ컨ӣЩûвҷʲô쳣˯ʱ򡣡
ܾЩΣΣһ㡣
ѧԺ˭ҹϮأ
ʲôգգ۾Щףûʲô쳣˵˵ʲô쳣
ǧҧðűҲʣʵҲûʲô쳣ɡ
䣬˫ͨ죬촽Ҳҧý
ÿۣܾЩĪôˣô죿
ûʲôǧҡͷæϡ
ѲҪ˵ʵ
ʱ򻹲Ц
Ǹξǧ⣬˵ʲôûѲɣԼ̫ˣ
ǧֵüļ䣬ű˯ˡ



536 Ҫ

ڶգǧʱɫǺͮͮġ
ˡͬΡ
ǲǣɵԵҲЩܲסϢˡ
ǷεĻ˿Ұ
Ȼζƭ˵ģ
뵽˴ǧŴɫҲǱõδйǸξһ㡣½ŶһɲϮɱѩȴͣˡ
ѧǻسȥѵǧȴЩˡ
ûѩˣҪôѵ
Ѿϰڷѩѵˣ±ѩûˣҪܾ
ôˣԨʱ㱣̲סʵ
ǧŵϺĻѩûѩˣֻЩϧѡ
Ԩ֪ЩʲôοѩǻͣģܲҲͣĽŲɣ
ǧͷЩȻ֪緹Ҿȥɭ
ȲԨĿһֱһȥǶЩɡ
ǧգգ۾ʦҪʲô
Ԩ뽫ֵڴ䣬˳ָ̱¶УǰЩռѩˮһζƳƷˣȥɺã
ǧûоܾá
Ԩһ֪ҪĶдֽͷˡ
ǧֽͷ򿪣дһζ۵ĶۺյãҲ֪ܲƳƷ
ǵʦȳȥˡǧֽͷڡ
ԨͷɵĮȴһǳ
ǧ˿緹ˡ
ܿǶǶطǸУᾣ˲ϣҩӶ١
ǧ۵ӣƣ˵ҪΪضκãûͦһϰҲܲ
ƣռĽڴ
ռкЩңӴ´࣬ӣӵ˲࣬ǵȫѹˡ
λЩʲôƹһơ
ǧƹͶȥۡ
ֻһ۱㿴ƹϵĳƣⲻðɣȻضôãҲἱŽ˵ġ
ǧɫƹҪЩۡ
һһٽңҪ򼸰ƹţϵĳƾǻ
ǧһۻͦ˵ģʮɡ



537 

ʮҲһǧңǧǮȴվԭûߡ
ƹһۣľȴʲôҲûʡ
ǧָ⣬ʵƹƼƣ˵Ҫǲǣ
򣿡ƹһ䡣
ǧµȷһӣӵĵضҲҿıǧҶԲԣ
ƹͷ´ۡ
Ĺн
ȷǧ򡣡ƹ˵ţ͵͵
ǧɫһƬ̹ãǧҾˡ
ƹٴ㶣Сﾹƴ֣۶ˣ
ǧۣȴȻʲô㣬ʱƵĵҩʱڽҲ׬û
ССǧң
ǧ븶Ǯͷһ
һŽۣͷĸүӣ󻹸һСˣ̲µġ
ǧվһ࣬һˡ
ģ˵Ҫˣͷĸү˵壬һҪϷģ
ģҲǸƹ񣬴һˣɫֱӱֱ䣬ΪҲ֪ڴʲôСžţ˵ˣѾλˡ
ԣ̳ǧȥ
˫СģƵ˼Ϊ
ǧȴƽһĨɫüͷҲ˼֡
һСѾͷѣ㻹ΪóôңЩؿڣС۸޼ɵϴţģ㻹ʵʵҰɣ˵ӻ˭򣿡
˵ţָָǼ伫ΪӣڣΪ
Ǳ˵ʹĵɫ˼֡
ǧŤͷȥ濴һ伫Ϊӣҩݡҩ֮ණİɡҪµӣƺҲЩġ
ϧӵװ꼫ãҩƷḻȫȥ
ֲƹҪԭûˡ
ǧۣ촽ĲвҲС
Ҿġһ
ŭˣŭؿģģ𾴾ƲԳԷƣҲǿ㣬ǿݹҲ
䣬Ͱڰ֡
СһЩ
ʲôҧ첱Ӵ֡
˶࣬ȫûǿȻǸһЩѵ֪ҵ³ʲô
ʱЩСߺųĹȥ
Źһɷģ
ǧվԭһ仰Ҳδ˵ȴһƬɭɫҴӵҲͰˣƤӵ´ңû
ǹ˹˻δӦʱٳ֡
һӰȻ֣ӰʧЩС˾ڵֱС
ۣ˭ҡ
ۣۡ
ˡ
ˣ̽˫ԲˣЩС˽Ǵ֣ôͻȻһӾȫƽˣ
˭˭װŪ󺰴
ҲЩɵ㶵ģΪᱻȴ룬ıʣ˭
ĳǧȥĪ
ǧ˵ϵĻҳҲɹģЩСʵ磬һȫˣʵûá
һСٴεɵԲԲǣȻҴӵˣǲǲˣ
СﳤͦƯһûɫǷѵ
ǧȴǲΪָ⣬ȵôߵģǲҿصӻ񣬻ͼҵңǲ֣浱Һ۸
һ٣Ц㣿óǧ𣿡
ǧ°ͣó͵ѧУΣ
˫㾹ȻѧУѾͷҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧۣʢĮҵӷʣǵӷʣҸղܽǵС˴ſ£ҲǿԵġ
һסӴеɫʱҲ˺ɣóҾѧУòأ
ǧۣƮƮһ仰Ҿƾ㴦á
´ۣ̫ˣⱲӶûôûСǽؼΪΪҲ
嶯Źˣ㶷ġæȰ衣
ǧһۣоΪ˻ƹģ˺ͷϵġ
䣬ǧͽӽȡӲӵĽ⣬Ϊҫ



538 ƹ

ǧڹ̨ϣǳǧңǲľһ°ɡ
æȥ㣬ͲһСóôҡ
ɵȥǧһӲ࣬ȴҲ٣ã
ΣǲһҲû٣ǧһ䣬ڵ͸޾⣬ͷѾ⣬Ǳѩصġ
ס֧֧˵һ仰
ǧüһ촽ҲһһϵģȻóǧңǲǸѧˣ
ŵ亹乣ΪС
ɫ࣬޲ýǧǣ֪˭Ƕƽ¥ϰ壬ҲڵĴ󻧶ҪҼֱ棬ʲôѧУǻ˲ɣ
ǧŲҵ䣬ӿռȡһö¡
һöɫ£šѧԺĸ֣ĸڷ⣬Ϊ
ǧеĻ£ѧԺѧ˵ѧԺѧĵλ⣬ĸ½ĻʵҲ֣Ǹʲô
˵üΪţСϵҲǷš
ƬΪĴ½ѧԺȫ½ѧԺȻѧλǸ߳ôһţƵݣȻҪóһˡ
һѧԺˣˡ
죬ȻѧԺˣǻʵҲü֣οȺССա
ѧԺ˴һСָͷܽŪ
ߵְˡ
ɫֱ䣬ǣ¶һĨȿ޻ѿЦݣԭѧԺѧ۲ʶ̩ɽ˲С˹Ĺһذɡ
㻹Ҵ𣿡ǧüһɭ䡣
ŵҡͷˣ治ˡ
㻹ѧ𣿡ǧüûװױ
һ㶣ӲͷƤѧȻҪѧˡ
ǾͿѧɡǧؿڹ̨ϣ΢ĺ촽Ｘ֡
Ӳǽг
ǧ̵Ľëţû֪˿Щʲô
Ѿѧ˹УǲǿˣеòˣƣСһ䡣
ǻߣǧĿһɨڵĿȻ½Ѳɣ³Է
ԴϬͬѩһ˵ϣŵȴǴСƨˣʱĳǧ˼ۣû׷˿
ǧż뿪ıӰЦݾš
СǧۣΪǸͨС뾹ȻѧԺˣܽѧԺȻһССܵ
û뵽㾹ѧԺˡĹ۲ǧı飬ɫɣ̿ˮͻȻĿڵ±ˣܲٸһʱʰʰöҾ뿪
ǧĿ䵽ϣͬʱҲڴ
Ϊ˻㲻Ҳÿɫ
ıûһʱ䲻˵Щʲô
ǧֿ˼ۣſˣҽˣѰ˼˲¼ƹΣ
ҪţȻҪƹ
Ѱֽ䣬ʵֵƹҲǸ鷳¶¾һֳɵģðײá
һסҵƹ񣿡
ǧһô㲻뵱
򴽣Щ֧֧Ȼ뵱ģҲӵˣⲻãҲƹʧְٵȥͲⱻҽˣ
ǧǸ󵨵ģȻЩ
ΪҪ£ǧֻҪĶ㹻ҾͲŻȲƽ¥
ŴСҲ̫ˡ
ǧŤͷֵƹͲۼ֤ƽ¥˥룬Ӧñѹƺܾ˰ɣͲһ
Ȼɴ۾תš
룬ζƽ¥˥䣡
ᣬԲһӶᰲġ
лƹҾ͵ˡĿǧڳ˸мһúøɻҲҪƽ¥֪ǵ
ǧ촽һһƹˡ
΢רһܿҵˡ
뵽պ׬ǮĳǧĴǽ
ʹ﷼ţպҪʲô
ǧԣǧպȻҪҩҩʲôġ
ٴ㶣ⲻͺƽ¥һ
ǧңܳ𣿡Щģһֱѹˣƽ¥Ҳ֣ƷʲϹ˿Ҳǳࡣ



539 ԨƳɵҩˮ

ǧһҲģٴһЦ޼ɵ޷ǵĵҩƷʸãһССƽ¥
ţ䶯ǣһʱҲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôˡ
ǧܿ˿ģЩѰľһʲôɶҪµģݺٿš
ĵͷãϾȥ졣
ڿ죬ǧٴι𣬡ҹЩʱٹЩӾȽˡ
սָ⣬֣صǧҷģһһеġ
ǧȥ
ڻȥ·ϣǧͻȻӵе˳ˣԨȥʲôۣҪûʲôͽ¡
Ԩûʲôۣƾˡ
ܾǱƺõģ
ǧüҲһֱߣԨӦ֪Ҫ꣬Ӧֻɺϰɡ
ܾԼЩʵ̫ˣɵúúû
صѧԺǧʮ۽ԨУȴֻδῪ顣
Ԩ뽫۽ӹ㽫һ͸ƿ򿪣ƿʢҺ壬ЩҺǰЩռѩˮ
Ԩ뽫ʮ۵棬һɲѩˮںһ𣬱Ƿһı仯ѩˮ͸ζģ۾˵ɫҲһĵζƮɢ漫ˡ
ǧŲƿеı仯ǲ䶯ʦΪѩˮ۾ͱɫأ
ԨζŲƿԵǰѾѩˮмһЩʣһ⼸Ȼ仯
ԭˡǧֵ°ʹ
Ԩ뿴һۣûþѾҩˮƺˣҩˮѾƺˣҪҪȺȿ
ɫҺвƮɢζǧţܾЩҩˮΪˡ
ʦЩҩˮԺˣָָǰҩˮһ䡣
ԨɫĮζԺˣЩҩˮļƷӦûҺº󲢲ʲôã㰲ıǡ
ǧҡŲƿӣҲûʲôͷȥһȥ˿˿ζϣζܵȴ˻ζ
һ£ֻȫˬޱȣͷ·ƵģҪУ
ûãˬҲɢȥˣȴǧζ򴽽ǣʦҩˮ治ҺȥúҲ˲١
Ԩ뿴ЧȷȴԹʵȺȵǲġ
ǧһ䣬ЩҶ֪
ʣµЩҩˮ㻹Ҫ𣿡Ԩš
ǧҡҡͷʦ˵ֶܶȣҲ뿿ԼףЩ㲻˰ɡ
ԨʣµװãռָС
ģ̲̌סԨͶȥۣһͨϵȴ޷ӣԽԽǸˡ
ħˡ
ǧܿ㽫Ŀ˻ȥ
ԨҲް˿̽壬ӣѧԺʵսѵҲҪʼˣʱһѴӲ̣׼ˣ
ģ̌һ¾ͺĿ⽻һ𣬡мգ
ԨĿһ˲˲ʮա
ǧֻ˫䲻ѣȴӰΣһ㶣æǽĿ˻ȥʱδ׼ãʮӦǹˡ
ǱáԨһ٣ֵ޷õһҲǿ
ǧͷȴ־⵼ʦЩĹͷˣ֡
ĿһͼɫĮ̹Լ˰ɡ
ǧĿջأ׼ȥһ
ߵſڣǧЩֵؿԨһۣʦҪȥѵˣ㲻һȥ𣿡
ԨҡͷĿǳһЩҪ
ǧĿջأȴֹҪȥʲô¶أ
ţȴҲܿš
Ԩ䣬һŻ漴ƮɢֱȥǰȾ
ʱȾڹϣˮߣɫӴ󿪣ͷµ˲䱩¶ڿУҲøտ뷿Ԩ뿴˸š
Ԩ뽫ŹϣĿȾһɨʵҹ£
Ⱦ̧һƤӣҲģϵһ㡣
һҪ²ܽ
Ԩɫ䣬Һæ
Ⱦ֧ӣЦæŰСͽѵɣ
Ԩÿ£ϵ۽ѩȻֺ֪αҪʣ
ȾߵԨǰɳúܿԣȫңҾǺ棬СѾͷʲô£㾹ȻָҪͽܡ
һ֮ġԨ뵭˫ī



540 СӰ

Ⱦ£ҲţһСɱ治ͣǿ֮ģҲɣǱߵˣĲҲˣ
Ԩ΢΢̧Ѿˡ
Ⱦգգ۾ЩţⲡѰֶβõģɱŪҰ
ĴˡԨΪԼһˮĿȻ
ȾɫǴһĨŹֵЦ⣬û뵽ƽӹѵȴһתͷȻѲκˣǰСˡ
Ԩ򴽲
ȾˣǴȤ˵㰵궼Ѿˣ˷λСӲż
ԨɫƽƤӶûգһ¡
Ⱦۣһת²ͽãСӰɣ
ԨеĲ豭üëҲԾ٬һ£˵û˵ư͡
Ⱦ洽Цû֦Ҳ֮ſ˵Ҳ˵ˣҲ֪ҪĴ𰸣ҲǽŰɡ
Ԩ뽫豭£Ⱦ
ȾĿ⣬ЦаҲ㿴ңֻǺѣǲȥ˵ģ㰲ıǡ
ԨŽĿջء
Ⱦָڴ䣬ٿʵ켣ߣǺˣҪԭ°ɣ
Ԩû˵ȴζš
Ⱦͷ߾һͬ˵Ůʵʱ͵ú壬ƺ«Ҳ֪ΪСӵǿ
û£ҾˡԨĳƪۡ
ȾҧŲ豭Ե͸ŨŨ£ҴδһŮĹҵҪŮӵкβֵͬˡ
Ԩʲôû˵תˡ
ȾıӰЦ޼ɵ
ɭ
ǧ̸֪۵ݣȴҲɱ˲ħޡ
Щħ޻ͦģҲ˲ɱ顣
ǧҪȥȴīǡ
±ѩǺټˣټǾмиУϾͬȸ½ˡ
ǧټˡɴɴǰסĸ첲ЦҲ֮
ǧһֱ±ѩҶȻͺټˡ
ǧǸʦΣī̲סʣԺиֳһƽоЩʹ죬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ǧԵǸʦͦʵҲǿѵʽҲŰ塣
佱֪Ϊī边òˣЦͬȥ᳡ʲô
һ˫ٶȵѥӡǧ˵ţһŤͷ㿴վڲԶǧѩ
ǧѩҲĿͶһ˲ͺĿ˸š
ǧѩһЦЦ
ǧᳶǣЦЦ
ٶȵѥӣī죬Ц֮ͫ䣬ǵǲ˵Щӱʵսѵˣ˫ѥӿ϶ܶ
ɼԡǧǳЦһ
ī费˲ССӳͫС
ǧһֺۣܿ콫Ŀ˻ȥǸղɱ˶ħޣ
īҪڣȴɴɴЦŴˣɱ˺öħޣܾõȼҪͻƵļ󡣡
ǧǳҪϲˡ
ǧѩŤͷɫҲȻ˱䣬ϲãżʱ㾹Ȼˣ߽׻ϵ˹Ŀ࿴
һɴɴкȻ
ǵǰֻǻϵװɣôתѾΪ߽ħʦˣ
ٶҲ̫˰ɡ
ɴɴȫ𾪣ǧѩȴǽƣһĨʻֶãٶҲ̫ˣǳʲôҩˮҩƷɣ
ǧۣ촽΢΢ƿֶҵûôԣֻ±ѩӣһֱڱѩٶȻҲȥˡ
һ䣬ɴɴٴס
ȻڱѩһҪ죡
ǧѩҲһ㶣뵽ɭпĺ⣬Ѳձڽף
ǧѩҧҧͷ֪ΪһĨˬӿͷ
㻹īļͻȻ˫һУʵλʦķ𣿡
ǧ
ī˫һֱߣɫҲ΢Щ仯ǸʦҲʵ̫ˣһʲôˣɵ𣿡
ǧνʼ磬İ취ĲҲһԿţԲʲô˵ġ
㻹īٴ򴽰ꡣ
ǧЦ
վһԵԴɽȥֻɽͷѹ˲ٻѩ紵ʱѩЩҡҡ׹·һͻȫһ㡣
Դۼãæǿ˵ǻǿЩȥɣǿǱɽϵĻѩǱĻǼһܲ



541 ˲ź

ǧŤͷȥҲǿ˶ɽҡҡ׹Ļѩ
ѩᱻѹġ
߰ɣҪѵҲһʱǧڣҲԶĻѩɵ
ǧѩ򴽣ԶĻѩްǳ
˳ǰ˼ٿһιԶҡҡ׹Ļѩ˲
žž
ѩӸߴ£ͬڵĺˣֱӳǱڶȥ
ǧŤͷȥٿӵɴ󼸷֡
׻Ļѩϯ˳Ҫ˾С
ǧµشæǿڵǶҪţЩѩǻкܴһξ룬ֻҪӿٶȣһӳ졣
īǶƽ¡
ǧһЦֽܿĿ˻ȥ
ǧѩ˿̵һ仰Ҳû˵ŤͷĻѩɫ谵ҹһĨСС˼Ҳз͡
һĳǧȥһۡ
ǧûע⵽Ŀ⣬Ŭسǰš
ǧѩˣɺԵĴǣеĨС˼Ҳ͵ĸΪŨ
ңѩ飬ڴʱ˵Ӧû˻ֵᷢİɡǧѩָҲء
ĳǧȻ֣һѽǧƵڵء
ǧû뵽ᱻϮһСıڵء
ǧѩıϵħֱӽ˫Ŷԭء
㡭ǧ˶һʱ֮ȴǶˡ
ǧѩӸµضȴʲôҲû˵תͷˣתͷʱǴ¶ʤЦݡ
ȥɣ
ʱû˻вˣ
ǧıӰĿҪϵħϧѾˣѩ˲ͽûС
īŤͷһ¾Ϳ˱ѩûǧ
͵صɴ˻ȵǧ㿪
ϧٴǧҲˣѩѾû⴦طѿӰҲˡ
īҧ˫ɺѪ
ôղԼܣôһӾͱѩûˣ
ԼղŽסǲǾͲˣ
īסƣƱѪüͷûһ¡
ɶ񡭡УҪȥǧԲ¡
˵ţīҪߵѩС
ǧѩһѾͽסˣӵȸ½ӻԴΪأˣǶǵģʵӦ¡
£
˲źáǧѩ
īҧȥǧ
ǧѩۣɴɴԴǽסǧȥɵ¡
ǣǧɴɴҲȥǧ
ǧѩ뷨ѩͣˣȥǧĻҲҲֻʬѡ
ɴɴĻЩҧҧסī衣
ԴҲֽס
īҪȴѲֻԼѩԽԽԶ
ǧѩиǶһĨá
͸óɭеĻѩ֮£
ѩХģӡ
Ҳ֪˶ãѩͣ⴦ľٻħҲѹ࣬˱ѹڻѩ¹Ҳ˰ɡ
īһȵѩֹͣѧԺ˳Ѱǧ
ұɭûǧټѱѩ˰ɡ
ӵ£òǱѩ˰ɣǧѩҧ뵽˲ۼۿС
ӣģżΪ
īеЦѲڣҧĿЩ£˵˵ǧȻµġ
ǧѩҧɫҲ΢΢һһ뵽ǷѾˣ̲סҪЦ
ﱻѩѹסģԨɾİɫۺΧĻѩΪһ壬ɫɭ·ѩҪ䡣
Ʊˣīǲ㶡
һǿߵϢ˲ɳ
īϴ˼ۣеĲˬΪ˼֣ǧȴǿ˵ǰλñѩѹסģʱͻȻЩӦܽסˡ
Ԩһۣʲôû˵
ī˫ɺޱȣЩסˡ
ԨɫƽͷȴһĨ籩ǧǸ൱֮ˣԵ޹ʱѩѹס
ٶӦܶܣΪԾɱѩѹסˣ
ʱ׷ʲô
ԨۣĿϴţǧΪ൱ʱ׷ʲôΪλᱻѩѹס
ǧѩָ⣬ͷŽ˽
īҲһ㶣úãȻҡҡͷʱΪңҲ֪ʱ׷ʲôתͷʱѾѩѹסˡ
ԨۣǼҲˣ



542 θ淭θ

ɴɴԴæǵͷû
Ԩ˫˲һֱߣŤͷǧѩȥд˼̽أεģ
ǧѩһĿ⣬ֻԼΪƵģЦҲͬһ
Ԩۣɴżִ
ǧѩҧͷѣ͵ֵסˡ
ʱһѧ߹ڷԲﶼҲˣʵҲģҵҲֻһЩħ޵ʬ壬ҹ׶༪ˡ
īָһһסѧ½󣬵˵£㶨Ȼûҡ
˱ŭλѧ̾ͱסˡ
ҧ֧֧ű˵ˣɾҲǸˣҸղŻѩôĵطˡ
īҧгݣɶ񡭡
һīͽѧſ
ѧظ̧űˡ
Ԩޱ飬ͷȴѣԲ¡
ҪȻȥϢɡǧѩӣٴڣҲﲻʲôæٴȥȾ纮ġ
Ԩһ˫š
ǧѩһһ˲ϵѪҺ֮ᣬ䶯˵һ仰
ȻȥɣԼһұáԨ˼ۺͻȻɤȴ͸һĨɣҵѧҶҪҵ
䣬Ԩ뿪֮г˾
ǧѩԶ߳ҰҰɣҵҲֻһ߱ʬѡ
Ҳȥҡīվסˣָ˻ָԼ
ǧѩɴЦݣͷ
ôһǷǷﵽʲôõģһӶѣ
ǧѩһܿת뿪ˡ
Ԩīˣһɭȥ
ɭХĻѩضǣûаڵļ
ǧڿռУе
ղŻѩʱֱ˿ռ䣬ʹԼûѩѹЩǧѩ֪»İɡ
ӵһûе׿ռ䣬Ҫأΰɣ
ǧȣ˫ˮȴһĨɭ
ղǱʱˣ뵽ǧѩʱ֣Ϊû뵽ԲŻûз¶Ҳ㿴͸ǧѩˡ
ʲô߹󲻷ʥŮʵǸС۶˼ĶŮѡ
ǧָ£ԽԽ࣬ǧѩѾɹǵˣȥԺҪٱ
·վȥӱץԡ
ץһ㣬ǧŵζ̲סŻ
Ż
ŻŻ
Ż˰ʲôûŻŻĶＫΪ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧžö˺ö࣬ӣЩƵֹôˣӦûʲôɾĶɡ
ǧû룬ٽ㴦ãûϵħʼտ
ûãһζڱ䡣
ǧζȴûʲôθڣɷθģҲ֪ôˡ
ǧֲʣſھҧһ⡣
ܺóԣǧθ
һڽ£ûþֿʼŻ
Ż
Ż
üŻֹɿʵСѾͷôˣΪθŻֹǲǳԻʲôˣ
ǧŶӣҡҡͷҲ֪ԼôˣǰЩӻúõģаһԻ˰ɡ
һۣɫ԰ȺȼھˮɣˮȽӦܻθĲ
ǧһھˮࡣ
ȹվʱ󴦵Сѿʼ
ö
Եҩ
ǧֵ˵СѿѿϷһǧȡƿҩ
СѿӹҩԵüΪ죬ûõҩѾףСǶҲǳˡ
СҶˡ
Сѿͼǧע⡣
ǧͣע⵽ͷðһƬСҶӣҶССģۺ£·һ־ϡ
ҪСҶСѿһӳ߷Χ
СҶӻۣЩٸ
ǧ󣬲㱻ˣСԼŪСҶӰɡ
Ǹ۶ļһ
Сѿվԭûж㰲ĵŲӱߣеĵӳܿͷСҶţСض
ˣǶ׵ˡ
ǧһ̽ŷСѿɶ׵ˣС׵ͦ죬ҲֻܺҪЩҩͳɣɱȺǮöˡ



543 ʦҶӺ

֪ʲôų򣬰ڳһүģ˭˳ۡ
ǧʧЦһŤͷ뿪ռ䡣
һ뿪ռ䣬ŵµĻѩë̺Ǳǡ
ǧʶ·ϵħһŪžúࡣ
ʲôطǧ˿ܣ⴦طǺϤǰû
˼λи޴ĿӶ
ƸղŻѩ̫̫أ˴ӣǸ룬طǵù
ǧ򴽣Ŷȥ
ѧԺڵķڶ棬ŶӦܹ߳طʵڲúųȥˡ
ɱϾڸǲҪ̫ߵźá
ǧһһţĻѩҲĽӡ
ûͻȻöһʹ
ǧŶӣһ̱ѩС
ôʹ񱻵һ
ǧ۵ҧס꣬һСҲҰס
ۡ
ۣ۵˶ˡ
ǧŴ¼ŵҩֺһЩռ侮ˮֽʹȴδ
ΪλˣӦûԴʲôɡ
ۡ
ǧ۵ӻȣεκˮӶǰðָ⣬ҧס촽ҧˣ޲
ڴʱһỺĽŲڶ
һһ£ֵǧͷ겻ŽĽŲסҲһ
˭
ǧͺһɳƣżŤʹ
ҡԨ뽥߽һϮͬѩںһȴޱȣǧһ˫ŵٿѣҵˡ
ǧָ֣⳶ס°ڣʦۡ
׵СԨһϣ͵ضʵۣ
ۡǧ۵ⶼڴ򴽣ģһֻСޣղͻȻˣǳԻʲô˰ɣɾǺܡ
Ԩٴ󣬰
ǧëʦ𣿡
һЩԨ뵭ԣʱӺɫҲ仯ǼǾϲȴƽ
ǧûʲô飬ɿʵʦǲǵʲô󲡣
Ԩҡҡͷִȡһöҩûʲô󲡣ֻǳԻ˶ӶѣöҩĶӱ㲻ôʹˡ
ǧ붼ûͽҩ£ԺöȵģĲʹˡ
ʦʲô鵤ҩºĲʹˡǧЩϲӣûִһǷܾЩˡ
ԨɵֻһЩƶӵҩƷѣʲô鵤ҩ
ǧǴһǷƤڴˣʦͻȻЩ롭
Ԩ뿴ײ˸Ǿ˯ɣһȥġ
ǧ۾ûû˯ˡ
ԨһѽᱧڻУ̧һ뿪ط
ǧСԴһᣬֱӿԨŴźȣһɺŵζƮɢڱ䣬СӶ˶ƺ˯øӳˡ
Ԩ봹ĿɫСϣֻСӶ˶ǸģĳСɰ
Ԩ뿴˼ֽۣĿջء
ŲӿٻصѧԺ
һصбһĨܿԨ뽫ǧϣڴϾҲ֪˶˾ٶ
֣ǧСḧţĿԶϸȴҲܿһĨ㣬һµĶ˼֡
ܵСϴȶȣǧһ˯üΪ̤ʵ
ԨָһδĵӲű˼֡
ǧ˯úܳС۷ۣϵҲȫɢ
Ԩ붢ٿ۾һУٴοСûһԴԴϽСС
ǧֻСΪ˯ˣԾɸ˵ͣһСģ
òˣԨŽֳأְϱŶ
Ÿ߳ûãԺ⴫һٵ
֪ŵ˭Ԩ˫Ų߹ȥԺŴ򿪡
˵㽫ǧһˣĶī輱Ҵҽ룬ѧǧѾһˣӱ޸ϵ⴦ط
Ԩ꣬ˮǽˣڷЪϢҪɡ

īۣȴҲû˼ƽô࣬ƿʵӻðɣûʲôģ
Ԩ볯յķųȥܺãûҲûܵţֻ΢Щƣ۰ˣϢһȻͺˡ



544 Ҫ

īŰ˼֣ͣƬֵЪϢҹЩ
ԨǳǳĿȴ͸ż룬˿ر
ī費ɫüͷһŹЦ𣬵ǽұ㲻ˣиˡ
ԨӦһī뿪֮ŽԺŹϡ
ԭվһŽ뷿䣬뷿䣬ͷǧѾˣ˿ڴͷ΢е㱡
Ԩ뻺˹ȥǳˣ
ǧʶԼСܾ˵ˬӣţǿ˵Ԩ뵼ʦҸղôˣΪͻȻ˯
ԨߵߣӸµҸԵĵҩҩЧʱͻر˯ⵤҩûʲôã㰲ıǡ
ǧƿ촽΢еɳƣллʦʦôҵҵģ
Ԩߣĺڵ˳Żѩĵطһ·ҵˡ
ǧŴ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
Ԩ뿴Ľë̲סʵ¾ˣӻ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷҲһĨɫˣھöůůģҲʦĵҩЧĺð
佱ˣԨɫû䣬ϿһֵۣԺԶʱСһЩֶˡ
ǧȴ벻ԼʲôɾĶ
ԨڷһŶ
ǧ뿪ıӰ˿һ֪Ϊʲôܾýն۵Щ֣ǳԻǸʲô
뷨һǧ͵ؽɴ
ӦòģһζѣһС
ǧ꣬Ѱ˼ŹЩȥҽݿ·ӴƿʱһУɶһ£æǽӹ
ôˣԨվԺУһƯĽС
ǧƿǣҵѾˣڴҲɲˣʦеĽװʲô
ǸղȾԺĽСԨ뽫д򿪣漴һӽд͸âɢֿڵ˵㱻ڻѩУһ֧ǧ˲㲹ӡ
ǧ΢㶣Ⱦжÿѧã
ԺҲ̫˰ɡǧȥһۣһ֧Ʒ༫õ˲ΣõüǮ
Ԩ뽫еݵУȻģţѧԺöĶ࣬һ֧˲ζûʲô˵ġ
ǧҲû飬󷽵ؾͽ˲ζռ
պ˲ΣǧͻصȥĿǰϵħףϵħͲģɵŬȡʵսѵǰɹף
ˣתռ䡣
ռڵȻûж࣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ժ֮ٿһͼͼ֮лҫۣɫĹâȴЩϵԪΧƣСС·һӾͻᱻ紵ɢ
ǧʶ̽룬ûЩϵԪؾˢˢڡ
۾ֻϲеӿȫԵĸоģԸɢȡ֮һֵ΢Ϯȫ
ֱֲ
Ҫˣ
ǧЩȣô˵׾ͽˣ
֡
룬Ǳۿʼס
ɫĵܣԸֳˣҼΪԵ·Ҫӵһѽ̿
ǧҧסǰвٺˮӶ
ÿһÿһ붼һּ尾ǧƤӲȴסˣôҪ׳ɹ
õĻᣬôܰװ˷ѣ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧžϵԸк࣬һָҲһûͽˡ
˲䣬ƺһĹӳУ˫Ө貣һ顣
ڻһɫĵܣ˷ȥޱȡ
ǧָһٿеЦʢ󣬡ϵħס
ҲͰˣȻһף˵ʵǸĸ
ǧϲʱͻȻڵűߣСѾͷϲֽˣûо׵̫죬Щˣ
𣿡ǧüôһ˵Щ졣
ղŵĽʵ̫˳˲ò
Щ졣צס°ͣڴǧͬʱٿһСѾͷòһĲд棬ƾĨٽ׵İɡ
ǧһҲסôд棬ѲɣĿռûбգŲڣ



545 ԽԽԾ

͵ҡͷǣǲдģǿǳǿռУӦ˻ڵİɡ
ǧǾȵͣһֱѧԺУӦû˰һѲǽձѩϮһСľʹӱĵطһЩǿ
꣬һֹģǱþá
ǧĿһлͿ˵֧֧ġ
۾һգǻȥһ㣬þЩΪϤǷϵģɻǵãϴηа㲻Ҳ𣿡
ô˵ǧȻԭء
ЩдǷϵģ
ⲻܣͤУϲǰѧԺҲûѧԺɣһİʲô
ӣǲǸܴˣǧƽȴвƲϷ𣬡ܻѧԺٺʲô
öų䣬˫ǧǲܴģǷеģʵ벻˭ӵǿ
ǧ򴽲
ûצӣֵСѾͷһѰأ
ܾ÷ǶģѼӲ˵Ū˵ŪҲġ
ܡǧԴϣһ˫ѩᵽʱ׸һþòܻѧԺˣҲ޹ء
Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧٴƴͼִĨȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧ۾һӿռ߳
ȥʱɫҲѾͦˣһԲ¹ҹУɫڵأͷĶǡ
ǧŶ׼ȥ
Ÿ̤ſڣԨ뵭ˮڶ𣬡ˣ
ǧһ˲Ͷ˫ī˫ˡ
Ǿ͹ԷɡԨ˵ôһת뿪
ǧȹڣĽŲ
ů紺ϵķ˸硣
ȷˣǧ׷ɴԨ뼸ۡ
Ʋȥò涼ǸˣǸ˸ܻѧԺˣҲκν
ǧҧɫ䲻Щް
ôˣԨɫԣһ䡣
˫ڣʱÿЩƲĿ⡣
ǧһ㶣ҡͷûʲô΢뵽һЩѡ
Ԩ뽫£һ˫ʲô£ܷܰæ
ǧǳһЦһЩС¶ѣҲ뵽İ취ˡ
Ԩ뽫ĿջأǾͺá
ǧ򴽣ٴζüۿ֮뵽ǸΣǸɫɫֽ˼ΪΡ
μΪʵִУ¶ȣ·ڴ˿̶ܸܵõѲɷѧԺˣ
뵽˴ǧ𣬿ѵ֮ˣôҹϮ
ǧţͷЩңҧҧҪһЩֱռ˱ȥ
ϱ鲻һԨ뿴˼۱㽫Ŀջء
˼ڷǧͻصԼУϴһͿɵϡ
ҹɫڣǧȴǽôƺڵȴʲô˵
ҹǧЩ֮ʱһŲ
ǧӵɵԲԲȻ˽ˣһοô˾
ŵץٿһ͸룬һ㶣ٽڱסһﾹȻ㣬ʵڿɶ
㱻紵ɢǱ˴򿪡
»£һϮҫɫ߽
ǧڴ˫գŽĽŲͷĽŸٴӣ˭˭
ĪǣǷ
ǧҪ֪»ʱóס
Ųٴαƽ֮ŲʧǧܵһĨǿҵԼϣߴżȣҼΪϤ
ǧָ۾ܸܵ˾ǷΣ
ôѧԺˣ
ЩһֱѧԺ
ǧͷɾѰ𰸡˫ȴνȥľٶܺðҲǰûʲôٶ
ǧЩƵüͷʲôʲô
֪šξӸµؿٿ翵
ǧëһҲ޷糣ܿ㽫Ө˫˲ӳСС
ǷΡ
ͬǰһһϮҫɫۣɫ˿ɢڼͷ紵ʱƮͣǰ״ɫתٿЩұ



546 ǰЩ

ǧɴһʱ侹֪˵Щʲô
δӣһ˵֪ܴȻܿµҾ̲סҪ㡣
Ҫ
Ϊʲô
֮䲻
ΪҪԼ
ǧ֧ӣṴЦʦǻ˵Ц֮壬ٴμǲİ˶ѣʦİ˵Ļʵʧݡ
ۣ˫֮ɬİˣ
ǧۣĿûİˣѲɴʦûϵ𣿡
ָǷѲˡ
ˡǳ仰ûʱ˵
ǧƣȻ˴ʦͲҵסҹʦͲҽ𣿡
ɫǳǿ˵ǷҿˣȴҲ˺ˣ鲻ڣݷ֮±ǷסȻ
û뵽˵ǧŵϴ
ƷƷ
Ӳ֪һѵķξ㼫Ʒ
˵˺ˣǧҧʵ
֮һƬ̹ǵģѾ˺٣ҵĹϵ䡣
ǧһֵĸоȴһĨǳǳ
ĿջأɴЩɫʦ治֪㾹㼫Ʒ֮Ѿ壬ƫҪ˺٣ͬ˵㵽׻ҪϵõЩʲô
ĲӦѾˣȴΪΣ
Ҳϵõʲôһ䵭ĮƺƽһĨɫֻһԼӶѡ
ǧָһΪҪô˵
ѵԣԼ飿
飬Ϊβ˵
ǧɫֱ䣬ȴһЦ֪֮ˣ˵Ҳֻ붺ҶѣΪ꺢ͯ㱻һŪܹԹˣ
ҴδƿĿҲƽһĨ¶ȣҲ붺Ū㣬ֻǵҪ㣬ҶȻڵģֻϴûῪ˵
ǧ䶯꣬һʱ侹벻ʲô˵ǡ
Ƿ
θŵıܣѾ˺٣Ȩûп֮ĹϵδǻϱߣҪңһֱڡ
һֱڣ
ʲô˼
ǧܵĳֹƻһ㣬ü۲š
ϤüۣϤеһȴǲϤġ
ʦҲ֪˵Щʲôǧҧ˵֮Ѿ壬㻹ǲƣ˼Ѳ£Ҳ£ϾһҲ㡣
뵽ǰһУǧͷЩ
ӽȫã˵ڣžŪġ
Բϵ
ңνһ䡣
ǧ붼û뵽ѿڶǣ㣬һľˡ
ͷһٿһĨɫ֮̾Ϣһ˫Ҳļͷ֮ϡ
ܵĴǧһ˫Ҳ𣬡ʲô
ǰЩ¡ƿ嵭ɤڴ˿ȴżζɢȥʱһĨƻ
ǧĽвãʲô£
θ£ֱҧסĴꡣ
һеĿȣܿͽȫߡ
ǧɴ˫üۡ
ǷΣ
Ǹ嵭ˮɰķΣ
ΪθоҰһȴ
ǧűһʱ侹ηӦ
ܵĺ˳Žſһ˫۾֮ƽһĨȣǰ嵭ˮ
ǧס꣬ʶŲһΣ֪Լʲô𣿡
Ĵ쳣¶ȣҲζһһѪҺУһ˲ƽٴη
˵ҪģΪλ
㡣˫գ̵ĽëҲ
ΪҪңǧҧֻͷ궯ѣʲôҪƿǶˡ
䶯ǣ˵Щʲô˫ȴһŸĿڵպ֪ġ
ǧۣǿ˲ⲻҪĴ𰸡
䣬ʦ߰ɣЩ˻㲻Ҫ
ǰ鷢ȴǱɶ㿪ˡ
ָһǿ˵ˣҪңһֱڡ
ҲŲ㡭ǧŤͷЩƵġ
ֿһۣŶ
뿪ıӰǧͷΪӣ뵽֧֧ģƽһĨ⡣



547 λǲ

ҲͰˣȻûĻ
ƣŪԼġ
ǣΪξôƽء
ǧû˯ţֱ˼Ƿ㶥Ȧš
Ԩ׼緹һ˱ǿʵ˯òã
ǧ˵ȷ˯òãֻҷУҴöûдţֻ湻ġ
ӣ
Ԩü۲һ漴һƽֻǸ߽׵ħްɣȻץס
ǰɡǧҧɶݺݵٱһЩһҪֻӶ⽴
ԨָһҲһʧЦǱߺúɡ
ǧӦһԺſȴôҲ֮ȥҧϵİͷ˷Σݺݵҧš
ЩԡԨԵ̫죬üͷ
ǧҧöݺݵġ
Ԩεҡҡͷˡ
緹ǧȥ˼ѪһɱħޣûħʬһأЩĻŻš
ôˣԨ벻ǰÿüëҲ̫ˣûʲôô
ǧ򴽣ָҲһ
Ȼ֪ãһԴͻḡֳſҲͷӲѡ
ƴƴɱħ޾뽫εӰԺ޳ƾԺл֮ȥѾ˸һ
ɶ񡭡
ܡ
Ѿ壬ȴ
ʲôĹȻ̫ˡ
ôˣԨ뽫ַϡ
ܵϵȶȣǧѸٻ񣬵û£뵽ʵսѵϾҪʼ΢ЩţŹ㲻Ҫ
Ԩ̾һǺãɱ̫ˡ
ǧͼеȥǵĵʦˡ
Ԩ붢ë˺һýϵÿ
ǧûоʲôԣֻڰοԼ
ϣǧصС
һҹû
Ǳʲô鵢ˣǧ⣬෴Щ˿֪úˡ
󣬵ڶգգաûг֡
ǧڴշת࣬ҲɵԲԲĲˣ
˵Ѿȸ½ˣϴιǣ˵ЩĻڶģ²Ӱţֱʧˡ
ҧĿЩˮۼ
֪ģ鰮֮²ȤǼįˣȤŪƷѡ
ȴǴÿԣһǣ˶ڴ
ǧҧס˫ǿؽ˻ȥȻˡ
գǧɶȦţȴƽһĨɫͨʲôһ㡣
Ȼ飬Ҳðˡ
ģ̌ţǶǼȥӣǼҲӦݺ˰ɡ
ʱǧ淢ǼѾݺˣôһݺ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ģ̌Ž룬ŵɢζζŨţȴûκβʡ
ǧգգ۾ǰЩŻֹҲǽʹǳԨ˵ǳԻˣȴ˸С˶
ָǳԻ˶ӣʲôС˶ǲڵġ
ǧһĵع𴽽ǣǶС˶治֪ôˡ
ǧң˰ǰһ˵š
ǧŤͷʱƽһĨЦ⣬ҲڵЩʱòݣҺ⡣
æЦǧ⣬ұˡ
ǧǿ˿ܣΧĻѱȫµģҼΪ£Ŷٹ˿͡
ļڲϴܣҲǿڵǧңѾݺˣŽܿҵɵҩԴǧҶŪ𣿡
ҩϼΪȱƷʺõĵҩ
ǰŪĵҩƷʺõģЩʵģʹöƽ¥⣬ⵤҩãǶƽ¥ġ
ԴǧȻŪˣҶЩƷʼõĵҩ
䣬ʹӿռȡһֵҩ
ҩװҩƿУҩƿСɾ£һۿž͸ϲ
ļһ¾ó˲ٵҩɱ˰棬ſˮСʵǧңܿĵҩ𣿡
ȻԡǧһҩƿӴ򿪣ֹ󷽡
ҩƿӴ򿪵˲䣬ҩζ磬·ܽ˸Ѭˣŵҩζһ㣬ǵҩζ𣿡



548 Ų¿

ȷǵҩζǧǳǳ
ӣЩζһӶûŹô˱ǵĵҩ
ǧҩƿӸϣЦ
ҩƿȻǱˣһĨдţٴӣЩʵǧǴŪĵҩЩҩɱȶƽ¥ĺǧ
ǧһӡ
֪̻ҲʶȤûʡ
ǧϲʶȤˣһЦϵҩƿʰ𣬵ģ㽫ЩҩƿӰڻϰɡ
ĸҪȥڷţǧĻɫƿн׵ҩɫƿǵͽ׵ҩҩƷַӣڷʱעһ¾ͳˡ
Ӧһڰڷŵͬʱȴ̲ס
ѪͲЩǳҩΪ棬оȻвյ
Ҫ֪ϵյ֮٣ǴӺδŪôյģ
ľ̾һַЩյƷʶھʮϣȫǼƷſˮСҩźãһСĸŪˡ
ҩȫڷźãſ˿ڣǧңҩѾȫڷźˡ
ǧɨһۣص˵ͷܺãǽ㿪Űɡ
ľóȻŻЩãƽ¥ͻȻţ᲻Щã
ǧȡһźֽЩ˼֣ûʲôõģȥͷЩ̻Щƾͳɡ
̾ȥˡ
ǧֽϵīˮɣͷĴС
µ꿪ţȫۣЩ˿ͼͷܳԣͲǲ
ǳҩƷζγⲻţ
ǧһ·𿴵ɽڸ֡
̻ȴһǧңҿͷŵֽˣҪ۳۾Ͳ¿𣿱ϾôõĵҩչʱȻ۸񲻷ơ
ǧָ⣬£
ЩҩƵģҪõҩݿռﶼֳɵģѲ˶ٳɱ۳׬ġ
¡ǧɷһЦޱȣЩҩչǺγɱҲ¿Ҳ¡
ô˵Ҳ˵Щʲôһ뵽еɣǻ֮ҲһѪš
ǧҲѧԺˣ¸ҡĿһ䣬ֵǧҪ
ǧѰ˼ЩռֽӦÿҪˡ
촽䣬Щ̻ȥͷ˰ɣһЩϲ죬Ҳǲġ
̻ЦЦȥˡ
ûãһڶӡ
ǧŤͷһѾȼˣСžһ룬˲ٰա
֣Ҳ˵ͣ
ҼǵĵģôҪˣ
ǰЩѾˣⲻĶһҩʲôˡ
Ҹտŵĺֽ˵ǽҩȫۣŵǲҲѰ˼һȥƣһЩõҩͺˡ
ƽ¥ĵҩ𣿡

ߴߴǧϵЦ˼֡
ȻҪƽ¥ĵҩˣҺǧ򱶣
СžŸû꣬Ҳ֪˶ãֹͣǧվڴſڣһϯϴǦС˫ǳЦӯӯȴ׺һĨɫ
ǼģǾﲻѡ
С˭ÿˮ飿
Īӵ¶ң
˵ӵĶѧԺˣСƱˣû׼Ķҡ
ǧһ֣촽Ҳһӵ¶ңǧ
ߴߴİ˲䰲
¶ңû뵽Ȼᡣ
ǧǵķӦЦЦֵµ꿪ţȫҩۣϲľȥĶһӦСƷ͸ҡ
СƷͣ
һ˫ģϽѡҩ
ǧļǳȴҲͦļˣǱЩѡҩɡ
һӣóһ
Ƿӵϣͦңɽ뵽ʱҲ
ǧվһԣ֮ʢЦ⡣
ɣɣЩҩ˶⣡
ǽҩƿӴ򿪣ٿһҩζƮɢŨ˼ΪţôҲ᲻ˡ
ЩҩζúţƷʶھʮϡ
෱࡭찡Ȼյָ߼ҩܿ
Щҩƽ¥ĺ̫ˣƽ¥õĵҩƷҲʮϡ
ЩҩĺãۣҶҪһЩ
ҲҪһЩ



549 ׬һǧ

ŰǵֹǧٴҲҪҲҪҩĿһ࣬һȻһ
һµĶͣ١
ǧңд۵İ취áüЦ⻹һμôţҲۣЩǾ͵ûָԭˡ
ǧȻɵգպͻָԭۣǿԱȶƽ¥һЩ
ǲƽ¥ԣ΢Щġ
ԡǧ촽һɫаЩһֱѹл潻棬ͲѪڣ
ǣЩѪڣ潻潻棬ǵҩƷʼãƽ¥ɣ
ǧüһƽ¥ʱ͸һĨ⡣
ƽ¥ȴǻ
ңаնۼСȥˡһСżĿҲƽһĨ֮ɫ
һɫ࣬ô£ôһӰվ;ۼСˣ
СһЩ˵ǣսսպյҸղſŵֽͷ˵µ꿪ȫҩۡ
һӸõԲˣۣǲǲ׬ǮˣҩչҪٽˣǾҴۣʲô
ңǸΣССš
ϵɢһſ˵ǸѧԺˣҲúԿҲǸģҵҪܴã
ۣѪ޹鰡
ԣʲôСһ䡣
תŴĴָϵָͳɣҩô˳Ҳ֧Ų˶õģΪ塣
СҲ˿ңȥˡ
ڰ֣ȥɡ
СһȥͿϺȲ裬üһʢƣô˳ʱͰѶչ
Цƽ¥ָ̻
ǧǱߣ
Щռҩֻۣմ֣˭֪ĵҩȫƷǿƲסԼ֣ʹһĹڵĵҩͱһɨա
ǧִӿռȡЩŵϡ
ҩһóֱһգǧ֮г˺ÿɫ
ڽ˵ʱǧЩö࣬͸һһɵССƯҲǻϲġ
¿ŵನȥİղ࣬ǧɫˣ׼˳һ½׬˶١
ĲỤ̄ûñüЦǧңǽ׬һǧң⻹Ǵ۵ģûҪǧˡ
Ц˼ĻЩģõĵҩ϶ˣҲ֪ûп
ǧȴûκεģһѾ׬һǧ̹Ц𣬵һ׬ô࣬ٹЩӵǮҲˡ
ٹЩӣѧԺʵսѵҪʼˡ
ʱͷѧҪɹҩﵤҩӾǺͶƽ¥ңȥȥƽ¥
һõ׬Ǯᣬɵúúðסˡ
ǧȡһӽңһ
ıŽҴһ±ƣǧǣ
ǧṴѬů֮й磬ÿ׬˽ңҲĹߣǸĽúûȥǼս
˵ҲһҰɣ󷽣
ıŽҴһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãСʵʶҲǹˣҸҪǴ󷽣õĶҲ֪Ķҵ
лǧңҶᾡְġҲؽҴӷУϵЦݸ˼֡
ǧϵĲյ촽̵úܸߡ
һҲģ˰ʱľ͵ᣬȻûôָ˾
ǧûôɵȻҲͳһҸˣҪ֪Ǹԣ
ҾȻȥˡǧȹվҩҴõĲֿУ㿴˾Ͳϣȫ͸ңˡ
ͷҲʵںԴĶģźԴԴϵӡ
ʶȤʲôûʡ
ǧ׬õĽȫռ䣬Ÿ߸˵˻ȥ
ɫˣҹǼģǧһŻâʹԼûš
صڵסǧһ۾ͿСԺԨ룬źڵʲôˣڵҲ˵
ʦôУͲ𣿡ǧ߹ȥѩϹϣɳһ䡣



550 ΪС

Ԩӳ»µ˫һɫʣ䣬ڵ㡣
ǧͷһܾм֣⵼ʦõĹ֣˵ǶѧĹػƷһ˿ͬѰζ
ǧۣɫʲô
Ԩ뾲ʲôû˵
ǧüһ˲䣬·ܴпֲһĶ
Ħ°ͣſڵʦʵȸ½ʱѾˣҲǸмҵˣ˵Ƿ̫ϵҲܹ
Ԩۣ嵭ʵڲʡ
ǧ͸һʱ侹Щô˵ˣһ˼ҵʦǸ˼Ҫ
Ԩ뽫ֵڴ䣬嵭üմȾһЩЦ⣬֪ˡҶĹػֻʦͽģĪҪϹˡ
ǧһ죬۷ɷǺÿҲûϹ롭
Ԩ˫䣬ڿʱȾһĨǹ⣬Ұ׼˷ˣڹţ˾Ϳȥ԰ɡ
ǧӣЩˣллʦ
Ԩû˵Ŀȴ䵽С
˫һ̣⡣
ǧûע⵽Ŀ⣬תͽ뵽Сͬ˵һлŷˣ˷ḻҲԵġ
ȡ˸صС
ǧӣѰ˼ٶһЩҩϾ¿ʼˣⵤҩԴɲܶϣһ͵׬öҡ
صռ䣬һ¯һ¯ҩ
죬
ǧЩѪͲرܻӭϾǳıرҩյȻϡ棬ʵܲĲࡣ
ҲֻкӵܣǮյЩӱյһյĺûᣡ
ѧԺ˴඼Ǻӵܣм֧ţȻ²յҪӽƴӶ׬һʡ
뵽ܹ׬ööǮǧ˼Ѫһ㡣
ҩҩҩ
üһƴģܾЩˣСѾͷû°ɣôҩˣ
ͷһۣˣˣû¡Ǹ˼ģȻҪŶ׬ҡ
ҲͲ˵ˣ˽Ӧþܰöħ޾ˡ
ð
ǧ֪Ѿ˼Ľˣڲҩ
ĻϵħΪ߽ףټҩַ죬һ¯ܹƳŵҩˣټÿһ¯Ƶʱ̣ܶһʱƳ˲ٵҩ
ǧҩװСƿУСźãЩǮǮ

СѿһŵҩζͿٳҪԵġ
ǧͶŪ³Ҷȡ
ǧҶˬ˲ȡƿҩ
СѿһӹҩƿӾܵԶԼСҶֱŪ
ǧһһСģ̲סЦʲô㻹ŪСѿѿɣ
Сѿŵҩ֧֧û˵
ǧǸСģˣܿҲ˿ռ䡣
һȥǧײһ˫纣С
ôˣ
˶ã
ǧ»ĿڴҲ
׿ռǸܣǷҲߣռ֮һùĻһǸ˶ۺġ
β˵дżֺʹǧ򴽣ſͼתעʦôˣһΪͤȥˡ
ƾճ֣Щ棬ûʡ
Щ˵Ҳǰʡ
С˼٣ʱʹĻԼ
ûȥһֱڡεɱѬůƻӳµ˫ֶһĨ繣ˮһȻǹˡ
ǧۣûȥΪƫ⼸ղˣ
Ѳڸܹݣ
ǧ򴽣ж˼⣬ŽȴɾҪǵʱһǳ֣붺ŪΪĳ
뵽붺ŪԼǧֲ̹ˡ
ҧ³һĨɫСݲ´ʦʦǻͤɣǶ¶ˣ
οһ޷֮̽⣬һЩС£ȻܴҼСδ֮ǰǲ뿪ġ
䣬ǰ״ޡ
ǧͷǲ˲
ǷΣ
δ˲˵ĻǸŰ壬ѵ֮ˣͬɽôҲӽˣĸһ㣬Ҳġ
Ȼô˵ѲǱˣ
ǧס꣬ЩɣǿɹӲѻһ̲ˮǳǳţЩ˼顣
һþϹˣǧԼЩ



551 ҵı

д飬鱻˺٣Ծɴڹ֮޹ϸ𣬴ʦЩ뿪ǧë˵ЩʱľЩۡ
ƿĮɤƴһϷʣȸ½Ȼףм֮ˣȻķ̫ϵҲṼ
ǧܾЩԾ
⻰ôЩϤ
ǧŬ֮˫ͻȻ죬ⷬղŶԨ˵
ô֪ģǧһ˫ֱֱŷΣôʦȻ͵Һ͵ʦ
˵ʱһ飬δ΢΢һ̣˵һֱڡ
ǧҧΣ治֪㾹㼫Ʒ
εڷз裬ǡһɽˮɤȴƽһĨһ˼ƷһЩ治֪˵˵¾ƲϵĲ
ǧգ΢һʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ǰ趯ţŵıҲƮɢҷεޣǣԺҲǡ
Ƿ飬ֻһЦ
ǧЩͷɶĺ޵ֿںܾǰȻģɳ¶Ļһָ档
Ҳκѽġ
ǧ̫ѨЩƣؿڵҽղ˵Щ˵˵ɣĿģ
ЩӱҪʵսѵˡοڡ
ǧһӲ£
Ҳգֱȡİ壬֪öаϣʵսѵǰԼ
ǧǿʺѪ壬˵ĶȫǼٵġ
Ҳȫûʵ̶ֳȣûҲƾʵڱѩõ֤
ǧĿ𿪣ڳһ֮ʳİģʦˣû壬ҲܽףǴʦĶʵܲ𡣡
ܵ𡣡ƿɤдż⣬ҵıģԣܵ𡣡
ǧҧıõˡ
ЩǴĶѧģ
嵭ɤʵ̫ˡ
ǧԼ̫ȴ̲סֽȥܿͷиңֲװʧȥԴ
öҾˣвûԵʲô˼ʦĪҪˡǧСһǸưСģһֻèɰ
֪ġ
Ҫȥң˵ΣҲҪǰʹεЩʧӡ
֮䣬ѡǰߡ
ϴδǣҶǣȻ֣ǰΪԼӹѵʧȥȻҲ޴ˡ
֪ûֲһ䣬ҼСӻȻʲô
ǧ򴽣ߵͨ졣
һһСӣҪƲϵѡ
ˣʵսѵ㡣˵ţӡһǡ
ǹˣ뿪
ǧУЩ
󣬼пһˣǧаģɢȥˡ
˾ߣŪġ
ƷķΡ
ǧϱӣ˯ԺֵӰȴǾþòɢ
ЩӣѧԺ˶æµʵսѵѾǰһձҪʼˣѧץʱ׼ҩҩ
ǧˣ˫һ
׬ǮĻˣ
յ֮Ժһȥ
һҵĹǣǧˡ
ɫԣǧҲ۾ôˣ
ĿŶƽ¥ҧгݵŹЩӱʵսѵˣѧԺֶЩӵܣҩ̻Ͱ۳۵ҩЩӵȫӿƽ¥ˡ
̻ܿȻҲܡ
ǧŶƽ¥ǹճһĨϷŰȡ
ӵɵǮ࣬עصľƷʡ
ƴƷʣɵˡ
ļ糱Щļˣǧң¸Σ
ǧûشȴЦŷʵƹΪΣ
ǰеȷи⣬ĵĿҪһƹҪһ˼룬취ƹ³ȥλƹҲ㹻ıӦԡ
ʣЩ
ſ˵ұǰЩӵķҲ۳ʲôģͻȻʶЩӵɵǮֻ࣬ǵҩƷʣǽ⣬Ѱ˼õҩǣɾôһʱ治֪ҪΡ



552 õĵҩ

ǧ˫һƹĲ࣬Ǹ뷨ġ
뷨ܺáǧޣͰ뷨ɡ
õ϶Ҳܿġ
ǧһֵۣһӵͷȥɣ˳ٶüƿҩȥ
Ĳ֪ҪӺ͵ҩʲôʲôûʣͰǧķԸЩȫ˳ȥ
ǧҶóˣ¸ΣĿš
ǧŶƽ¥۾΢΢УЩҩƿȫ򿪣ҩζƮɢҵҪЩӵܸξ񡣡
һ˫˼֡
취ʵǸЩҩζŹζȴʢʻҪ㣬ôƿȫ򿪵ĻܽЩӵܵĻ궼
ؽҩƿӴ򿪣һɲǣŨĵҩڿС
ܿ죬ɢƮƽ¥С
ųôЩҩĺӵ˲סˡ
ĵҩζĺ㰡
һӶûŵô˱ǵĵҩƽ¥ЩʲôҩȻҩζûС
ЩҩζǴӶСӴġ
Сӣ
ӵܵ۾һǸҪĵҩֱȥ˶档
ΪҪ׬ȴӵȫˣһ±ƣ˫ҲŵԲ˼֣ô£ôˣ
С㶿ڣǶСӸùõҩҩζЩӵȫ˹ȥ
һӣŭƷȥ֮ǲ׼ˣ
Сɫõҡҡͷԭ۳۵ġ
ӵۣԭ۳ЩӵҲһף
֪ССǾǱ˹ȥڻδʼ򡣡
˲䰲ˣߣǳȥ
ȵһȥ˲ɵˡ
ЩӵܾȻҩһüΪʵ
ƽ¥ĵҩҲûôʵ
ˣ˫࣬㲻˵ûʼôһգ۵ĹǾˣһĻ
СҡҡͷҲһ±ƣǵĵҩƷʺðɡ
ߣȥǵŪʲôáҧͲˣССһĵҩƽ¥ĻҪá
䣬˾ͳǱߵȥ
ǧվһ࣬ԶͿСֹġ
ǽͷӶһ߹ˣǧ촽һЦЦؿˡ
˻켣ȺУԼĴڸС
ǧ֪ǵ뷨ƫǵԸǰ˶𣬡Ӵⲻƽ¥𣿡
һǧ뵽ֶΣҲΣֻЦŴǧңð
ǧֵڴ䣬۵ҲԼƽ¥СʲôĪǻڴСӵ⣿
סĸңʱ򻹲ŮŪ
ĸңĸҡ˶٣ɫҾЩ棬ǧĵҩʲôҩģȻܽЩӵȫ˹
˵Щʱɫѿ
ǧûһ΢촽ǵҩƷʣƷʲãܽ
ɫΪѿڼ˵ҩƷʲã
ǧûһ룬̶ֵǺ棬ȥЩҩƷʣ׼㾪̾ѡ
һͲˣһСѾͷƬóʲôõҩ
ƵģҾȥưɡ˰ڼӣһȥ
ǧıӰǴЦ˼֡
򿪵ҩƿӣĵҩʱôҲЦˡ
죬ЩҩƷҲ̫˰ɣȫǾʮϣҵҩ·ΪζҲѣĵҩ˵׷
Ƿŵ᳡ҲΪѹ
ԭĺ׳־ȫɢȥйƤҲκη
ҾЩҩΣǧ˫ֻأЦЦʡ
ҧгݣǼõġ
ǧǳһЦҵһʶġ
ҧһ仰Ҳ˵
ǧջĿ⣬ֱӽһ߲ˡ
ɫֲ֪࣬ôתˡ
һ뿪ǧǴЦݸ˼֡
ºӵǶ򣬽׬ٽҡ
ûãҩͱһգյ쳣𱬣Ҳѹ֣ʵսѵڼǶҪʵյֵҩǵѡ
¹ֻܶҪƷʺǾ
յȫһգЩӵܲδתȥ
յѰҩö࣬ɽվȫ⣬İỤ̄һЦ˾ջ״ǧңǿ׬̫ˡ



553 Ϊ˵Ľ

ǧŤͷʵ׬˶٣
Ľ̷£üЦ׬ǧ򡭡
⻹һμôˣǶƽ¥Ҳһ֮ˡ
ǧҲ䴽Цǧ򰡡ͶĽҶ׬ˣ¾ͿԿʼ׬㻨Ǯˡ
ˡǧ˵ţͽһӽУҾҪȥʵսѵˣʱӵҪˡ
Ĵ򿪴һ㱻סˣСѾͷֻ󷽣ʮҡ
ͳݴ󷽣ĶҲҪŪ
ǧҷģҶʹӴͰȥμʵսѵɡҲƴǣֱӽҴװС
ǧ֮ҲһĨɫǾ鷳ƹˡ
鷳İڰ֣һϡ
ǧд˻뿪
˵ڶգʵսѵǿʼˡʦǴһѧѧԺĿտ㳡ÿһʦ¶кЩѧͬһʦµѧһ飬ɵǧƫֻԨˡ
ѧˣֹ
Ǻˣôǵʦ¾ֻһѧ
˵ǸеһԨĵʦǸŮģǴȸ½ѧ
Ԩ룿ôδ˵ѧԺһʦˣ
֪İɡ
ǧЩؿԨһۡ
˵ԨǹŹ֣ӦʶŶԣһΪ棬ҲİǧЩˡ
ôˣԨţΪǶԼûˡ
ǧһЦûʲôҾͻȻԵʦмֺѣǶʶʦѲԭȲĵʦ
Ԩһ٣ġ
ǧɫش
ͬʱҲżӣҪԨ뿴
ҲѧԺģɱԨΪͽܣ
ǧô붼ЩԾȴЩ벻͸
Ŀ̫¶ǣԨҲЩʵкβ𣿡
ǧȻҡҡͷûʲôֻ뵽ϾҪʼʵսѵ΢ЩŰˡ
ԨȻЩţü֮Ҳżӣһſ˵ؽţɳѸ٣ӦҪŲǡ
ǧЦſڵлʦ֪ôˡ
ԨӦһҲû˵
ûãȾҡҷ˹һϮ£չ²֮ˣ˿һ۱Ǻȴ
Ⱦѧ뿪궯
Ⱦ̧̧֣ȺѧͣȾͣŻ˿ڣһһȵʵսѵѧԺѧҲˣҲҺúÿʵ
Ⱦ˶ֵÿʦ¶жʮѧʮѧΪһ飬ڱڼҪ໥֪𣿡
ѧǸߺӦ֪ˡ
Ⱦת׿Ԩǣں˸һĨ֮ɫҲģԨ뵼ʦ±ֻһѧ
ˢˢ˿ȥ
ȾĿдżֺʹЦſڽͣеĴɫŨ˼֣Ԩĵʦʵף̳ѧȻҲǲףǱֻһѧʱɱˡ
һ䣬ѧǵĿϲͣš
һ˲֮䣬˱˵Ľ㣬ǰȾ͡
ǧ۾һУɳȾȥ۵׵Ĵǧ˫ٴν˼֡
ȾжȻǹô˵ģҲ֪ʲô˼Ūǳ˽㣬ʵЩˡ
ʦǲǵȾˣǧŤͷɿһ䡣
Ԩ뽫ĿͶ£ЩʣΪʣ
ǧ䶯˫Ȼѹ͵ɤȥм˵ϸŴûеΪҪǰ˵ǣ˵Ľˡ
ԨƿǣĿ⵭˾Ψ²ҡ
ǧüۣʦ졣
Ԩǰɡ
ǧ򣬱Ҳ˵
ܿѧԺʵսѵ㿪ʼȾ˼ֽѧǡ
ǧӹ󣬱㽫ֽչ˿
ǣʵսѵѧԺ淢񡭡
ǧϸϸϳ˾޴Ķ⣡
Щرʺ϶ֵҪܷѾ
ģ̌ȾȥжȻǹġ
дʲôԨʵ
ǧֽͷչϸϸĶţʦ˵ҪɱһֻǴȡͷĽǣҪɱֻڤǲǵëƤɱֻƤħֻܺ߰ԳʱΪ졣



554 ϲһɱ

ԨĬĬţٿüͷ˼֣Щ൱ֵ񣬲ҲûӲҪ˵һҪԼɱ͵
ǧ˫𣬡ʦ˼ʵˣЩСֶΣ
Ԩ뾲ƺһĨ˿͸кβɣʱˣСֶҲһֱ¡
ģ̌ͻȻһЦ⣬ʦʦû뵽㾹ˡ
ԨĪʵôˣ
ǧ°ֱͣԲһ˾ӵģʵпȴǺڵģҶûӦ⣬һƣǺڵûˡ
Ԩ˸һĨɫȴǹú˵
ǧӣȴ޿ֵЦ֪ˣʦ
Ԩ뿴һۣ򴽲ɿ˵ʵսѵʼˣЩȥɣǵõһЩ
ǧͷŷ뿪
̧ţڴ󲿶Ӻ棬ҪȥĵطѧԺһʥأ⴦ʥħ޷࣬Σأвͻ˵ľأÿ˶ʮ־ĿиȾ˹Ρ
ǧ˼ǰȥ
ֻǰλһŹ⣬ڹ֮лһ类ĺľţǧľпȥһƬԴޱȵɭ֣ƬɭЩ޷ԤΣա
ǧǰƬɭ֣ûɵľмѪһҪɭֽЩħնɱ붼ú˷ܡ
ȥɣʱΪգСӽΪһʱһὫŸǡȾذָ⣬̬֮ΪŨ
ʱʱǧǿȥеĴƺˡ
ǧװûһֱڴ󲿶Ӻ档
ܿ죬󲿶ӾͽľУǧԭվ˻ҲǸ˽ȥ
һȫ̤룬صľűԶϣǧ͵ػͷһۣľѱȫϾҪʲôҲȫˡ
ǧѩǰãΪĵʦǸбµˣ¾ֻһˡ
ǧͷһۣҲϻֱӿżɽҲͬ˵ЩʲôƵĻ˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ǧѩҧⷬµɫЩѿã˵ʲôҲһ¶ѡ
ģǧĮȻһЦ֮˼ǶǶ֣㻹Ǳˣͼ
ǧѩɫ΢䣬ɹ˼ôѧڳеŭѹ£Цŵãҿ㣬Щʲô
˵ǧ˫ֻأ֮еɫȴ
ǧѩҧһβģҧܲס̧뿪
֪뿪ˣǧ̲סıӰţ˺һǧŽĿƿ
ʱѧˣƬɭȥʱʱеͽħ޴ܹǲܲ˼ǰš
ǧԭվ˻ҲɭȥȥɱǴħҪɱһֻٵģҲɱġ
һתɭдȥ
˵˶󣬵һ˸ȥ磬ñǣţ˵Ǽõġ
ǧһ㣬ٶǴϢ֮ء
ǴϢïܵԣʳ⶯ڲо͸ײ׽ʱιǴڳѨУʳĹǴ֮٣Ҫһɱһֱֻ졣
ǧǵļֻǴǲ
һֻһֻɱʵ鷳ϲһԽɱϣ
ɾӦôء
˼ʱͻȻмħһ˲֮ͽǰļֻǴɱ
ǧŤͷһǧѩͼŮѧվڲԶһħͷųġ
ǧѩ˫֣ԸżŮѧǴĽȡ£Ǹģ߸Ů
ǧ۾
ǧѩиӦҲĿͶЦЦãҼǶŽǴɱˣ㲻Ұɣ
ǧ´ۣ漴ЦȻᣬЩǴûдҵ֣ɱȻǿԵġ
ùƽ⡣ǧѩӹŮѧļǣеЦݸǷŴ˼֡
ǧЦ
ǧѩתȥѰҹǴɫǻһŸ߹ȴ˿⡣
ǧıӰ뵽ҪνǴˡ
֮һƽɫ
ǧӿռȡüʻ㡣
뿪ˮβڵǧؽڴ׳ϣŹԣ㲻ᱻ˦£Ĵٴ
㶨͵ȹǴϹˣ



555 նɱϰֻǴ

ǧ֣־вţζɢմȾĿռҲƮɢ˳
ڳѨеĹǴŵζ˲
ǧ֪ǹؼʱ̣ҷŲɲϴ֮С
ɱǴŮѧˣᳶǧѩ°ڣһǧѩô£ȻżܣǲǾһʤôˣ׼ˣ
ǧѩʳ
ǶŮѧָָ
ǧѩŤͷȥдżֲ⣬ȴֲСӲԷȻ뵽ʲôŹŻ˵İɡ
СǧѩҧŹţһУԿľˡ
ŮѧǱ죬Ҳǲǧһʲô÷
ʱֻһХڶ쳹֮ضɽҡǱڳѨеĹǴȫˡ
QQ
濪ʼ𶯣Ǵ㳲ǵĿǧ
ǴʳԶַôʻ㣬װ׷Źûᡣ
ǲͣ񱼣צӲŵʱ
ǧѩǼ龰һ±ˡ
⻹ǶԴ˿ôʢĳ棬ЩеĹǴȼһ˵˵Ҳһٶͷ˰ɡ
Ů˾ʲôӣȻôǴ˹
ǧѩÿǺñ£ʲôֶΣȻôǴȫ˹ȥ
ǰȫ˹ȥǻɱʲô
ǧѩҧгݣɭޱȣҸղŲǶ˵ˣùŹǣȴһȫˡ
Ůѧǿɥʵ¸ΰ
ǧѩָ⣬ָȾŶޢʺޱȣһƬǿ˵ȻҪ׷ȥˣһܶԸôǴ
Ůѧһ֣˼ǣ
ǧѩۣɫ
һ䣬Ǿ׷˹ȥ
ǧ֪Ҫ׷ɼӿнٶȡ
ǴΣ
ںĹǴܵ죬ʶҲӿ˲
QQ
ķ۳ƮɢҲǧѩǳһӻҡ
ǧһЦµٶǿ˼֡
ǴˣŲɿø
顭
ҵĽŲ쳹ϰͷǴ׷һСŮ𺳣ȴּΪΣգвͻ׹Ԩ
ǧһٴһ첻µزµģ
òˣͣ½ŲվһΪտĽ⡣
ϰͷǴͣ£Ҳͣ½Ųضϵļʻ˿ǻϢʳ
ǧеĹʱȫɫ㰡
Ǵˣг
𡭡
𡭡
ǵĺ˲佫ɢڸѧ˹ȥ
ǧüͷһ壬֪̫ܵãٽѪ﷨ȡ
ʺɫķӳԵøҫۣǧӶŷȣѩеѵµٶȿ硣
ڹǴȺдȥٶȿֻһӰ˲׽
׼
ֻһҵĽһͷͷǴ£ɱһͷֿ׼һͷƬ̵ĹϰͷǴʣʮͷˡ
ʱŵѪζСѿЩ
ǧ֪ԣЦЦǿڵԾȥԣҪԸ
СѿһͿٴڳȥѪˡ
ǧɱǴһյĹϰͷǴϤնɱɾ
ѧǼˣһǰһĻȫ֮ɫ
꣡
⻹ǲ˰ϰͷǴȻһСѾͷˣô̵ʱڣ
Ǵʲôöðײˣ
ѧǰһĻǧĿҲĳֹһޣǹһ̬
СѾͷʲôһ˾ȻɱôǴ
̫Ҿ֪Ǵȸ½ġ
˵ȸ½ǧ֮ˣǧѩǽء
ѧߴߴ᲻˵ţǧѩΪЩǴ뾹һֻҲͷǷռˡ
ǧѩвʣָ⽥£˼֡
ǧܵЩˣյؿʼȡ¹ǴĽǡ
һǱȡ£ѧǲаޣͬʱҲЩǴһ㶼¡
̫ˣ
ǧһظ¹ǴĽǣȫЩѧĸܡ
ҪǴԼȥɱ£ŲʲôˣŲȥ
ȡЩǣǧŤͷеĽҲҡҡ֮ȫǵš
ȫǳƺգ



556 ˣ

ѧǼˣаСѾͷ̫ôƷˣ뽫
죬ǧҲ̫˰ɣȻһɱôǴɴɴˣ֮ȫǳݡ
īüۣҲ΢΢˼֣ÿʱÿ̶Źʣǳ
ֶŮǣǡԴĬš
ǧȫȡ꣬߹īļ򣬵ȽһȫҲŬ˲ǣϾٶڶࡣ
ī趢üۣЦ˵ٶ࣬ҲûʹϻۣЩ˾Ƕġ
ǧֵڴ䣬ǳЦ˵꣬СһЩһ˿ôã
īĿ⣬ֻѤޱȣ޷ǲ죬㱻Ҳûϵ
ǧЦЦ˵ǲһӵģұ㲻ضҸȥһˡ
īĿ뿪
ǧ粽뿪ھǧѩʱ㿴â
âŨشǧĿջأҲһ͸
̧żǰţȥһûʱȺ˺ġ
һɱֻڤǣڤϢɭֵСɽУɽȫ䶴ѨȷʺϽƻȺסĿǰҪǰСɽ𴦡
ͽѰҵСɽǧȻͣ½Ų۲ǰһС
ǰ⴦տĵطһ͹СɽϸܷСɽвһ䶴ѨѨһ˫˫۾͸Źâ·ڵȴš
ǧһ˫˫۾˫˼֡
ЩڤǱղŵĹǴҪ֣ҲΪƻҪһն£þԲߣȻ鷳
ǧס°ͣĿ֮дż˼
ȺҲʳԶͦʳӦᱻյǽֻСöЩȺӦûð̹⣬Ӷİɡ
Ƕܾ֮ʣٳҲ٣
뵽˴ǧ̴õ⡣
öĵ뷨̴ӿռ󺰴еѾͷã㾹ñõնĻ᲻ʹ
ǧӶ䣬Цдż˵ζСӣȻ֪ǶҺõġֽҪͷǲ㣬ǲеˡ
ó䶶˶ƺĻá
ЩƮƮȻǧٽӣһĵģ򵥵㲻᲻Ұɣ
צӻأڳһ߸ϵģǿԴӦ㣬ܸøһЩôɣ
ǧеЦݸΪŨ˼֣ʵսѵҸ׼öħ޾˸ԣ㶪棬ɺã
ͷȴͻȻеЦЩˣſˮ׼ʵʵһֻӡ
Ҫ
ǧָڴ䣬ЦӯӯֻҪճճ֮ͿܣҪǴУöȻᱻȺץİɣ
צظȻᱻȺͼħץ
ǧСƨɣǾͿЩжɡ
͵ЩߵãСѾͷʵ̫ɫˡ
һ㳯ɽڴȥ
ŸһܵСɽ𸽽ЩݷڤǱЩôֻʻСһζͣοϴЩСӡ
ǽֻСӳ¶ǣǶȻԳƿ׵ģ
ڤǺţĦצӿٴӶѨ
޴ӰͶ£иӦ˰ȫ֮أڤǼСӲЩŭ
һٴγϮȥʱ򡭡
Ѩеڤ㳲ǵĿҲֻʻСӡ
ʱóڤĶ󣬿ŲңڤȺбı˲佫ˣת
ڤǺսħޣôͬһֻСⲻҪʼŭǶһٿŤһ
ǧˣЦ
һҧΪһֻӾȻˣȻһģһҲʡȥ鷳
ǧÿֱۣ£ϸϸⳡڲ
ڤȺܲɴòɿɱ۾ʱ̸޷ͣ£οֻʵζǵõΪҲ˵
ȺҴţضų䣬ȺŪڹ֮䡣
Ƭ̣оʹһѪζǧŤͷһвڤµһڲѪѾˡ
ǧڸֳһĨζЦΪһֻɱǼõġ
顭
һֻһֻڤǵأеѪζΪŨ
ǧۿʱˣͽѪ﷨ȡ



557 Ʒʵ̫Ʒ

Ѫ﷨һȡһҫۺ֮ϡ
ڤȺûκβΪֻɱ
ǧѪ﷨ȣŲǽӽڤȺڶȫ֪Σ𲽽ӽ
üǧˣһ̾ʹڵߣԵһ㡣
ǧҫɫ۾֪㹦ʹ󣬴һ׼Щħ޾˵ġ
һˣ䶶ͣǵõʲôƵġ
ãǧŤͷǰȺڤǣڸղŵڶڤѾʣ޼ЩʣĻţѲ˺ۣѪ߰ߵĹҲûˡ
ǧζǣƻҪζ֡
ڤĿ׶ضǧ
ħޣҲֻСⷲ˶նǾϵˣŪٱһټΣա
ڤзŭ쳣Ϻš
ء
໡
һȺǣǧɫ䣬ģȥޱȡ
ڤǸܵɢǿϢһ㶣˼˵˼Ƕ˶˫ȣתܡ
ܣǧֳѪ﷨Ȳϱƽĳڷз裬˿̵ޣɱ֮⡣
ܲġһͬһȺдС
еѪ﷨Ȳϻ裬СͶ˲̽һֻֻڤǻСҫȣ֮һһ˲֮Ͼͳһӣлȼš
ûãʣµĲбܽͱǧȫնɱԹƴжٶֻڤǰɣˡ
ǧϲ̵ؽѪ﷨ջأȡ¶ذ׼ոڤǵëƤ
ǧոëƤʱںЩѧǸ˹
ǷķɱһֻǴ߸ɱڤǣȴ뾹ῴĻ档
Ǳ̬Ȼһֻ֮ڤɱˣ˴ڤǵĳѨڤɱˣȥҶֻڤǣ
ѧǽǧڲëƤһ
Ʒֱ̫Ʒˣ
ǧѩŲԶæµӰҧҧ
Ϊ겻ɢ˷ͷ
ǧѩס˫ȭ޲ýǧһնɱܾͲȥҲÿÿҹ˯þˡ
ǧһëƤͷʱǧѩĿ⽻һ𡭡
ǧһ˲˲ð䡣
˶Һͬһ㣬в·ܽ˽ɱ
ǧüһǴЦŨ˼ʲôûŮ˾ŽŪˣ
С۶Ҳ֪ôʥŮġ
ǧ䶯Ŀȴһֱ
ǧѩӴĿ⣬ͷһ£һ̾ͽĿ˻ȥ
Ŀǧ޼ɵţü֮ŨŨζҲǧѩ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧŽĿƶ𴦡
ذպãߵȺ֮У治˼һڤɱˣǲҰɣ
ѧĵǸһ±ơ
ôãȻǸˣ
ŤͷǧȥͼһưվţаֱǸ֮⣬ŵЩǸ֮ԸǼٵģһ۲۵ļƷ֮бǸĺģ
ѧҧҧһ߿ؿǧоЩݣ
꣬Ůж̫ˣ
ǧĿתһ˵ڤ棬Ҿͼȥһˡ
䣬뿪ģò
ѧıӰɰҧҧݣȴôҲ᲻ΪȻϲǿߵġ
ǧѩѧаЩݣҧһƿǣʹкޣºͣңǲôȥˣôȥᱻǧǣűߡ
һСӶȲǧһˣ˵ȥֱǶˣ
ѧǧѩ˵̲ס˹ȥʵҲǱǣű߰ɣǧ˷ָҲƾԼʵҲǼˡ
ǧѩҧһ
ʵû뵽ѧԺѧʾȻãǣűˣǣٲȻǽǷﵱǿߣʵڶ
ǧѩҧгݣһʱҲ
ܿѧǾɢˣǵȥѰʣµڤǳѨ
ǧѩ뿪ıӰеһǻŭɫ޴ӷй͵߬ƣһŤͷ㳯ߵļŮѧȥ
ŮѧӴĿ⣬ͻȻ˶
ǧѩ㿴ʲô



558 С

ǧѩﴽǸʵ̫ˣһ˾ɱôħޣȫ·治ȥˡ
ŮѧҲǧЩᡣ
ͷŮӣǸŮ˶
ǧѩôŮѧˢˢǧѩ֪ʥŮʵҲǿ쳣ԸһССǧȻаյġ
ǧѩָ⣬֮Ǵ˶ҺҪ̫鷳ֻҪ谭жͺá
ô谭Ůѧʡ
ǧѩëһ촽ͻȻһĨ˻ȣ֮˭ȥΣҪжǸ˱ȥǾͲᱻǣűˣʱСҲȡõһΪȡ󱦱
ȡõıҪͬʮ˷ֵģǧȡõһЩֻһ˻ãô붼òƽ
ǧѩ͵ؽָ߬ôװ׸Ƿû᣿
ãǷһӶõ
ȥɡʱһͨŮѧվ˳£׵ķϵħʦ
ϵħ˵ٶȣǧõġ
Ǿ鷳ˣ¡ǧѩµ˫֣ЦĴ󷽶塣
˫һ죬ǳºС
㣬ܿʧããɭ֮С
ǧȫ֪ǵĹȴȻЩ뷨
ɭȥҪɱֻƤħܣȴһҲżɢһ㡣
СѾͷȥɱֻƤħܰɣͷϹQһһϵģôһ㶼żͲЩѧ
ǧʼ磬ɫ쳣ûʲôµģЩѧɱڤǣڤּΪƻҪɱ϶Ҫһ춼ˣҹղ񡣡
㵹ǿͨ͸צļ
ȻҪͨ͸һЩǧһİζһҲһɫ͸ңɱƤħӦò̫˳
Ϊ˵Щ档
ǧ˹ԺŻ˿ڣǵǧѩ𣿡
ðצӣȻǵãǰı˴
ǧֵڴ䣬Цζƽׯ磬ʵͬǧһС۶ˣղҳ˷ͷȻҺ޵û´Щʲô취ҡ
֣ǸС۶Ůˣᡣ
ǧïܵпȥ촽ٿһĨ˻ȣⲻǧѩСѾˡ
۾ܿΧĿŵһ˿İħ
û´Ӧһϵħʦ
ƿ죬Цϵħʦϵħٶȣõˡ
ǧĺ۾ɤЩɭȻӣôЩֻġ
ö˶СצӣƮŹں˵ʲôֻǿˡ
ǧһֻӼƽϣֱӾͽĿ˻
ö˼ۣжֻСй۲죬ɿʵСѾͷ˼Ҷ۸ͷˣôж뱻ô۸ȥ
ǧһҲż𴽽ǵ˵һҲżҺƤħܵƤܺ񣬸οֻƤħܣЩˣ֮𣿡
һ㶣ͻȻЦЩģСѾͷ˼ԼͲˣ
ǧժһСݷа棬ҲŹµһתȻƤħƤôһ˿ô죿
һװɣ
ǧûе˵ֽҲûд͵ҾҪ͵ǸȾԺҲΡ
һ飬Ϊּ֮ܽ˵ȻֱǼƷ
ԣҪСˣñʡ
ǧۣЦζȻҪˣҵʱǧѩǿ϶ڷɱƤħܣҸ֣ɱĲˣеĺƤħܱҵˡ
ſˮɵСˣҲܵǧСѾͷ˵ĵһʵڿ¡
ǧһõƨɣЦǾͳԳԺȺȣȶȹҹ˵
ñúߣһԶ
ǧѰ˸ůطȱ
ǶգХʱεƤۣűһĨ⣬͸裬ƴϵħʹԼůࡣ
ǧڸʰһЩ֦׼ԡ
ůģеȴɪɪǲҶ¾ǧʹǵļƻһ



559 

Ҳ֪˶ãζʱɢ
ζ򴽽ǣҲǶòڹС
öԶ
СѾͷǹζɢİɣ̧̧ƤӣһϷŰŶԡ
ǧտҫĹӳϣҲ˫˼֣ȴһĨζ
ҾǹģСôÿ϶ҲˣҺĳЩζѵ𣿡ǧ޹գգ۾һ˫ˮͫɢƯ쳣
öĿ⣬ЦڻϽͣСѾͷʵǼƷþּƷ
ǧüëһǾͶл佱ˡ
űȥһãлл
ǧζɢڿС
еζŨµĶӾͽиͣſˮ鲻Ըȡռָеĸš
ɰͰͣȥʱںھ²ȥ²ֳĶȡռָˮš
һ߳ԣһߴѵضǧе㡣
÷㣬ʵսѵҪǧѩȥľ¥һ٣Ů˼ҵ񣬽Ҳࡣ
С϶ˡֳȥ
ǧţֻСã˭뵽ֻСǱڿռĻǺڵġ
ˣϷɾͲˡǧɲСæǻ˸ǶȣζôŰ
һ˲䣬еζ͵࣬ûôˣͷȴ˫èצһЩġ
ĺ㡭
ЩʱоƮƬƬСѩ
ѩСȴޱȣڼͷеļ
ǧȹվѰһɽס˽ȥ
Ҳ֪ⳡѩ᲻ǰЩӵǳѩôⳡʵսѵɾͻЩѶˡ
ǧȴôģѾڱѩѵˣѶԱѩߣҪɣһҲ¡
ڶգѩû´󣬵ֻ΢еʪûһѩ
ǧЩʧؿŸɾĵ棬±ѩǾͺˣʱǹƥɱȥ˭ӣ˳һ֪ܷס
ƣѩδ´󣬵ֶһĨ⡣
ǧ룬ȡϴԨ͵úôϣë׵ģһϱů˼֡
Զ¶ϵë޶ۺĲȥ
ǧ֪µ˼Թ緹ͱɭɢȥ
¼ж̸ȥ
ǧ۾һУеЦ˿СǾְôȻڣҲ֪˯Ķ
ǧûô룬ͼ̧ǰȥ
÷ϵħԼĴڸУһǧδҲͽŴ˵ӡ
ǧЦһ׺һâСտʼԼϢھԽ󵨣ϢˣԼᱻ֣
ǧЦݣǰš
û߼ͻȻһۺĺǰԶǧ֪ܿǺƤħܷĽ
뵽Ƥħܣǧ뵽մԽһĻ˶޳ڣභıƤħܡ
Χô࣬ȴûһ쳤˲ڿ֣ΨǰķΰһѣֻʱȻӦѪѪ˰ɡ
Σǧʶ뵽ЩӵǣÿһǶܲ࣬Щмܲס벻ҪԷΣϾ֮иңǲ⿪ֻһҲ޷ٻصǰ
ǧ򴽣ĿڴҲӲϵʹš
Σ
ôźð
δףŵζĺƤħܾ˹ֻƤħܣӴϵë𣬴Բг̰ͶʳĿ
ǧк޾ɫ
ҪֻСôҡ
ǧװ֪飬ȡѪ﷨ҪƤħܣʱ򡭡
һ羹𣬷о˼ƬɣɵζΪ񣬺Ƥħζɵζ͵תˡ
ǧʧЦؿǰһĻ
콵ɣ
ⶨȻСİɣӵĻǼõĿθʳȻýɸƤħܳԣɼ¶Ҫˡ
ǧһתںһа
ͿֻСежٿɡ
ǧüɭȥܿ˺üֻƤħܡ
е¸ջΪʧȥۣɴһŷǧֻƤħܡ
ҧҧǧʡģȴǽͳ



560 ȥ

Ƥħǵõɺ̾ˡ
ǧźƤħܵıӰЦøΪаеޣһȴһֱƿ֮С
ǰš
һ·˲ٺƤħܣȴÿÿͻɸţһֻƤħܶûɱ
ǧۣװһżģȴһֻƤħܶûˡ
żɣһǧѩǿ϶ɱ˲ٺƤħܡϵżЩĿ
żƬ̣ǧۼɫЩˣ˵ϡ
ͣˣ²˿ϵɶѾ˵ףٲֻͣ¸ŵļƻһЩ
һ뵽ЩܳԵɣо˲Ӭһ
Щӳõģֻ˸ûóɣɽȴǱЩܣԽԽѹҲǧ˼֡
ҧҧûñŵһŨζ
Ϥ䷽Ϥζ
˫޲ýǧһƳ
֪Լû֣϶Ϊǧǹġ
ǧζɢСˣζ͵İɡ
²֪ЩʲôȻᱻġ
⿾ãǧѰ˸ɽ߽ȥһ뵽ɽУζ͵ȥ˼֡
Ųζˣź˼֡
֪ˣͲԸǧˣŮ˾һµʵᣡ
ա
ǧɽгͻȻֽãеأůࡣ
ûнϵĶȡ£Ƕ죬ŶҲůһЩ
ǧԺ緹ͼ·ˡ
ľСȴһɣҲЩϡ
˯죬һֱɽţҲɶ紵ţͲƯЩӵķ紵ɹ̱㲲˲˹ġ
ԹǶǧ˼֡
ǧܵͶıߣĴǲṴֱˣ
˼
СѾͷ㾹ȻֱˣǼ㳤Ψ²ҵţЩŮǼ˺ãС۶
ǧЦ
ſͷţϷҪðѾǵˣǺƤħܻûɱһҪɱֻ߰Գü𣿡
ǧ⾧Ȼü
ԼɱһЩһЩô
ʲôʱжýצ̯
ͽɡǧ˼һǿ˵ҹǧѩѾɱ˲ٺƤħܣһҽֻС˦ȥ
ҪȥֵļΪ˷ܡ
ǧ춯˫һ㣬һ˹ȥ
ǧٶȼ죬֮ʱֻؼһӰжĹ켣ȴһҲ׽˻δӦ֮ʱѾʧˡ
ǧʧоһֻӬһޱȡ
죬Ůٶô죿
ôգ֮Ͳˣ
´ſһ˵ԣ֮ҲЩˡ
Ȼܵ죬ΪЩӾɢһѲǹģ
뷨һȴôҲţŬڲϢŮôܷ֣ղһĻȻֻɺϡ
ǧѾ򴽣ֻȥǧѩˡ
ɭΣ磬ǧ˦С֮󣬱ԽһЩٶȣûСβͣҲɲ١
ֻСǷϵħʦţ׷û׷һ¡ø̾һ䣬֮ӡ
ǧһۣû˵
ü˵ţȥǧѩĻ֪Ķ𣿡
ǧʼ磬ȥƤħܾûĵطңҵ𣿡
֪ʲôҲû˵
ģ̌ţƤħܿܳûĵطȥһһطһСӱ߷ǧѩһ˵ټ
ɱƤħˣһСӱߺˮǧѩΪ˸߰Ȳߺеˮȡռָеˮһһںš
ںӱߺˮŮѧͻȻͷǸ¿б£Ƕûǧƴ˿Ҳڱ¸ء
ǧѩЦü֮ȴǶ˼ֵɫ
ЩŮѧֵµĹͣЩѾɱİͷƤħˣټЩͷƤħˣʱǾܽһˡ
ǧѩ֮еĵˮϯֻ߰ԳɱϣһλñСӵģʱȾԺЩ󱦱ҲܳΪѧԺеĽ



561 Ұ˸

˵ŮѧһĨڴ̰
ǧǱߵǲ˼֡
ҪõƷȹһ˵ɡ
Ǻʱȥſˮ˫ð⣬һģ
ǧǧѩָϵĿռָ˵ЩʱȥɣҪ͵͵͵ȥǱץѱͲˡ
ͬҲϵĽָŮ˽Ƥħܵʬȫڿռָˡ
֪ǧ˸ǧѩӣȻὫԼϣڱɲġ
ǧϵĿռָӳµ˫Ϊ
֪ʥŮеĿռָʲô챦
ڴ
ǧһЦһ˿͸Ц⡣
ÿһۣʶצļͷģռָȻѪġ
ǧд⣬Ȼֲָãǰ׷ѹ
ЩôһֱںӱߣȥɱƤħˣ̲סֹһɢģЩġ
ǵʦ»ʮˡǧԣѾɱİֻƤħܣɱһֻɣϢϢҲпԭ
ɵöռָ͵ߣ֪ǧѩ᲻ڣ
ûãһƷϵħڿдݡ
ǧܵɲ۾һֱֻСҲҵˣ
ħɢһͨ糾͵Ůӳ֣һǧѩȥ֮г˱Ǹ֮⡣
£ôˣǧѩˣͻȻһĨ֮ɫ
ڸǷôͻȻˣ
򴽽ǣЩݣǿ˵Բҽ˸ˡ
ʲôˣǧѩָһأ԰θľԣƽʵ£Ƿϵħʦٶ֮ģôأ
䶯Ŵ꣬˫֮׽ԵüΪѿ
ǧѩеŭÿҪ
ҡɬĴ꣬ǿ˵ǧٶȸ죬һգͲˡ
ǧѩҧеĲʸŨ
֪ʱʵȻǿˡ
ǰЩɱҡУǾͲн¶ˣǧѩ򴽣ЩǰĴ
ǧˣȥɱƤħܣֶҶʶ϶ܿɱٺƤħܡǧѩ˵˵ţվɫҲЩҴңУǲٵȥˣھȥʣµһֻƤħɱ
ŮѧǲһƤħƤЩӿ۲ˡ
ǻɱǶİֻˣܸɱһֻɣ
ǣƤħƤЩӿɰ۲ˡ
Ϣһ£ȥɱԳɣƤħʲôʵڲɱˡ
ǵƴ֮ԣǧѩһٲȥɱǧҪ׷ˣʱ˽ƷҿǸΣ
Ůѧһʱ
ǲȥɱԼһȥɱǡ仰ǧѩתߣӰ
ŮѧǳӰһۣƬ̱Ǹȥ
ǰ˼Կȥܾöпܲʲôˣɵ̽ʱȴŲκİ˵Ϣ
򴽣ûʲôջתˡ
ԶˣǧŻ߳СЩУȻܸоǲߣϧǲûܽǷ֡
ɲǡļϣԶˣҪҪȥ
ǧ뿪ķ򣬽µ˫ȴһƬްȻҪȥˣȥôϵĿռָ
ǾͿЩżҪǧѩϵĽָ
һһöһ̧ۣŸȥ
û߶ã㿴ǧѩһˣɱƤħܡ
һֻһֻĺƤħܵ£֮˲ɭ쳹һһöڲݴпýζ
ʵŮ˻ɱƤħһҲĴ˼ۣ̾ûһ̬
ǧһۣëԴǧѩϾ߽׵ıϵħʦûͣôܹʥŮȸ½˶ݲѣ
ñ죬Щ£ףǰȥˣǿȥ
ǧãٴλӽ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧѩһɱһֻƤħܣֻˡ
ǧϵĿռָйâȻڹâ֮ԵüΪ졣



562 СѿȥҲ

ҲȥģϧǧѩǲʹЩֶΣԵЩˡ
ҹĻ٣ǧѩѰ˸ɽ׼ЪϢ
ѰЩ֦ûȼˣһɲɽл䣬ҲüΪů
ǧѩûů֣Ҳһʯͷϣģڸ߸ϵŮЩŮѧֵµū
ǳȥЩԵɡǧѩСˣϲԶ֣ǰѧԺ·ǰīӵݣΪ߹󣬸öһ¡
ŮѧǻҪǧѩֻ
ܿ죬Ѩоֻʣǧѩһˡ
ǧоţ»Ƕֵʱ
ӣûʲôҩǧѩ˯øҩǧţܿǿһ䡣
ҩӹһתͻȻЦȻûҩÿԵ
ǧü䣿᲻
û˻צӣģֻҪвϣñ֤գ۾ͺá
ǧҪʲôϣ
ô˴צӣЦ˵ҪݣݣֲǴ½Ϊģ϶ҲС
ǧüͷøӽˣɫˣҸȥֲأ
ҾҵֲݣɫҲ˰ɣϾôҪûĲʵЩס
ʲô۾ϵСѿСѿֲȻԵֲӦȥҶȻ°빦
ǧоۼһĨ⡣
ϵСѿСѿҵ˵ֲ𣿡
ԵġСѿСҶӣڱ֤һ㣬ġ
ǧҶӣЦȥɡ
СѿĻһһûӰ
ʱɫģϵķǸЩŮѧ΢ЩҰӾ˻һϣһɽڵĻһȥ
ǧѩڸߴһۣʵѰЩʲô
Ůѧûů֣͹ŵҵһЩҰӡ
ǧѩϿһۣ㿴϶һЩСһɫҰӣôɬܳ
¶ȴû˵ʲô
˳Щɫʱڵݶ˯˹ȥλõĻ滹ȼţûȻ˰ȥƣһҡҷͣ
ǧǱߵЩСѿˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽһôˣڻδ
ǧͷȻżȴûбֳݷУ»кʱĵ˫վ
Ҳ֪˶ãСѿǻˡ
ǧƽ˿ֲ𣿡
ˡСѿСҶЩζϲżдСӦҪҵĶ
ǧֽŵСȡ£ӣЩǲҪҵĲݣ
һۣϲЦտǱҪҵĲݣСѿЩ£Щȫʸɾġ
ǧͷһϲ̶˼öҩСѿ
СѿӹҩԵú졣
ӣЩⶫƳҩɡǧɽڿȥ˫
󣬿ٽֲƳҩ
ûҩƳˣһɫҩ裬Żһݵ
ǧҩִʵűҩҵôã
צ°ͣһĪĻϵħʱҩζͻɢ˵ǾʮͷţҲǿԵġ
ôǿǧ˵еҩ裬۵ŨŨЦ⡣
צӲȻǿˣƳɵĵҩ½ûеģȴ㿪۽硣
ǧһۣ⣬һʲôҲû˵һͽҩȼζδɢٽҩ趪ɽС
ոնɽһɹζ˯ļŵζ̾ͻ˹ȥǧۿʱˣ̧ɽȥ
ҪɽȴЩÿ鲼סӰɣʱεˣץסСӣ
ǧһȡһɴϣһ֮ſɽ֮С
ɽЩ谵ǧ׳ϵħһɲɽб˼֣Ѱҵǧѩڵλã̧ߵǰ
ǧѩһʯͷϣ˯úܳڽҲ
ǧӸµؿӳڻ֮е˫ӨϸʱȴһĨİкĿתʱеЦݸΪŨ



563 ѧϰ߽׻ϵħ

ҵģҲǱѣָֽû˿ɱޱӰ䣬ǧһѽָϵĽָȡ¡
ɫָǶһɫʯʯԲ˵Ŀռָͬ
ʥŮռָҲǼõģ֪Ķ᲻ţƣ
ö֣ǧͣתߡ
һһһտɽ˽ȥ
ǧɽеĿ֦ȼڲݶϡ
ÿеĿռָ˴צӱǿ˵СѾͷЩѿռָãӦҲʲôɣ
ǧﶪһЩ֦漴Ŀ⿴٩Ҳûô棬ҿɡ
£Щߵı죬ȴԾɲĵõȷ棬ͽռָðɡ
ǧЦЦһѽռָ
ýӹ󣬾ȲָԼŪ
ǧŤͷһۣŪռָһ˲ˮմָŶķǳٿٽĿƵ˱𴦡
ýԼŪˣЩ̽̽ʲôɡһ⡣
ǧͻȻȰ̽̽ɣЩ䣬Ҫ𡣡
ûе˴צӾ̽ռָУһ̽þ;ؽһۣŮ˵Ǽҵͷкö汦ء
ǧҲһؿ˹ȥЩʲô
ɽҲûˣһ¾ͽָڵĶȫȡ˳һ˲汦ɽһһ۾ֱˡ
ǧŴٿӳһЦ⣬ʥŮָоȻô౦Щ˵Ҳжǧ˰ɡ
˽ңвٵͽн׵ħ޾ˣ߽׵ħ޾ҲҳһǧңҳŲʵ
ʵܿħ飬֪ûС
ǧʵһԣ淭ңܿʹҳһ߷ĻǴ϶ܵҹ
⻤׺ð㴩ЩͲˡþײѵ̾һ䡣
ǧҲòֻǷŵװ˵ҲǧҰɣʹϡ
ЩʣµıһЩҩҩˣЩǧϣֱӽǶԼĿռС
öŵϵĲʵЩʵûöۿȥѡ
Ǹð취ǧһǽʵԼռ
գź۾ͻȻ뵽ʲô͵ؾһСѾͷĸ߽׻ϵħǲǻţ
ǧҲⶫȻˡ
߽׻ϵħʦ߼Ҳѧˡýǧ
ǧͷһô¸ˡѧ߼ܣʵֻһ¥ˣ
æǽռĸ߽׻ϵħȡ
һɫľ壬ڻӳ龧ԵüΪұһ˿һ˿Ĺʱȥա
ǧǰľ壬ֻһѪڻš
öǿ龧壬æЩհɣҹţûΪ㻤ġ
ǧֱӽָɫ棬ʱһǿҵĹھ˸ͣҲһ˲֮佫ɽ
ϴվľ飬ǧǳǳ˿Ϳٽڵľյûãʶ뵽һƬڰС
ĺڰռ·ֻʶĴεǧһҲģŬžڵĶ
Ҳ֪˶ãһɫ⾹Ȼںڰռڣϸܿڹһַڲ֣Ծһһ֮С
ǧʶ̽룬һ˲֮Щַٽ뵽ԺУһһЩӿڡ
̾һֻñӺ
ǧţšҲ֪˹ãеɫڻ̳һɢˡ
ڵڱй
ǧ͵֮кһ֮⣬ģұޱȡ˶ָ⣬ֲ֮йĻ֮⣬·ܽؼжˡ
Ǹ߽׻ϵܣһ
ǧԼƣ֮еĻȼգƺܰһơ
øܵǿͷһЩ𾪵ؿۣСѾͷѧ˸߽׼ܶѣͱ㵱Ƿˣ
ʱǧĿеĹѾȥʵѲɣһɣ
ӣǲ˵ˡ
ǧȹվ˾֮һ˯ⶼʧõĲˣ˯š
ŻɭУȥԿ߼ܵˡ



564 ұɳ

üʢ̲סʵ㲻˯ˣ
ǧͷ£ȫ˯ţȥɱԳ¡
̲סһСѾͷôôϲϹڡ
ȥɱԳ
Գ˯ԳҲᱻ޵ġ
ȥɱԳɣеȻؿռ˯ˡδǧӦþȻ˿ռ䣬᲻Ӧ
ǧʼ磬ʲôû˵תɽ
ԳǵϢ֮رϣЩ׳ǻСѣ紵ɹҲˡ
ǧ۾һУȥѰɭΪ׳ľ
û߶ã汻ǧҵ˼ľ⼸ľ׳·ʲô޷ľʺϾԳϢˡ
ǧԹһ£ʮѨѨסֻԳĻҲʮֻѣһҲԸ
ϣֱþ޴콫ЩԳˡ
𡭡
ԳмѺʢԹͱ֮ɫֱ·һ˲ͽ˺ѡ
ǧһվ֦ϡ
ŵϢԳӹµµһתһǧ¶̰֮ɫ
СྐྵȻ˯һҪС˺ѣҧƬ
ǧе̰еЦа˼֣ҪңȵԼмＸɡ
Գǲ֪˵Щʲôֻ֪ðװ׾ζ϶Ҳܲ
ſˮգ֮˻ųǧǱ߿񱼶ȥ
ǧǷɱӰ¶һĨʵЦݣٿ촽ȴƬɭ쳹һ𣡡
һ䣬ǧĻʹڵϸߣҫɫĻ˲ͽƬɭԳƬȻ澹Щˡ
ǧĹ²£Ļ糱ˮԳϮȥ
ǵصһϢĺˣ֮գѣգ֮ʾͱͨͨ졣
ԳһŵȾܣǡ
糱ˮĻ۾һϯȥЩԳͱûãã֮С
ãã𺣣ͨ͸ұԶһƬ޵ɳ
ǧվڹ֮УɫȻƬȼյȻ𺣡
Ҳ֪˶ãǰЩֹͣˣǧһָղŵǼֻԳѾȫģϻһӽƵζЩš
ͷˡǧͷ֪߽׼ܵôǿ㲻ˡ
ǰȺľԳǧ뻹ǶռС
̧ţȥѰһĿꡣ
һٲȻоԳеجΣ
ںö˶˯ȻͻŮħͷһˣŮħͷǳҲǲڻУС屻ɽ̿
ǧһ·ɱɱɱһԳëŹ
ɱľԳĿռ䣬ŵľԳڳѨɪɪֻϣŮħͷҪ˽̾ͰңҲסϡ
̫ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãˣǧŷɫŷԼһ϶ɱԳڶѾɱİֻԳ߰ٻֻ
ǧ۵ĸ첲ͻȻоЩۡ
Ѱ˸ɾطЪЪš
ʱڳѨеľԳˣ˿
ǻţ꣡
ԳСؿǧϢȫûע⵽ǣ̴ӳѨ߳׼ȥѰҰȫʵĳѨ
ǧЪţȫ֪ϾԳ׼ҡ
Ϣˣǧվ׼ɱԳתת沢ûоԳһëû¡
ôûˣǧգգ۾Щ֡
ôӿռɱķЩԳͱ˵ΪǻԹɱ
ǧ󣬲ü˼˵ԳǶˣ
̯צӣɲΪǶɵӣ
ǧ䶯ǣǱһȺС
ó죬ЦӯӯСҲ»Ұǿɡ
ǧ򴽣˲䲻˵ˡ
ǧļ򣬵ҲǲˣȻһɱİֻԳսʵǿ
ǧû˵תʹ
ӣ֪ԳȥĶ𣿡ĬƬ̣̲סһ䡣
ҡҡͷ¾ԳǶסˣҪȥĵطȻǼΪΣǶʱҲˡ
ǧ򴽣֪Ͳôˣ˭֪ȺԳ㵨С΢¾ȫˡ
ü˼תתͻȻ˼ãѾˣǧѩȻ֪ռָˣҲû£Ҫȥ



565 С

һѣǧ˲Ųˡ
ԳѾңҪȥ֣
ǧ˼Ƭ̣ĹǾȥְɡ
һһѸ·ܿǸѨ⡣
ʱǧѩѾˣڲݶϳ緹˿ǧѩδֿռָѾˡ
Ŀ湻ģڻûֿռָѾˡó˳죬Щĵֹһ䡣
ǧǱߵҲ˼֣Ǹոѻδְɣٹһ϶ͻᷢˡ
Ļ䣬һϤļ

ǧѩ͵ضҰӣһ˲ޱȡ
Ůѧ˲䱻סæǿʵǧѩôˣΪκö˶˴
ǧѩվ֮˻ɫţҲöռָҡǿҵĿռָ𣿡
ռָŮѧռָǴϵ𣿡
ǧѩ򴽣ɫ࣬ǴϣѾҲռָˣˣ
Ůѧûʲôоһ뵽Ƥħܵʬ廹ָУסعɫҲЩҡ
ŮѧſˮСʵôҪĶôͻȻģ
ЩǧɱĺƤħܣѲɾ㸶֮ˣ
ŮѧԽԽģǧѩҲ˶⣬ŮһöָܲãҲܵʥŮ
ǵɣǧѩɫøѿҲָ֪ôᶪģҵĽָڣ˯һҵĽָͲˡ
˼ԣǻ
ŮѧҲˣϵıҲǱüΪ΢
ǧѩ⻰ʲô˼˵͵Ľָ
ǧѩ߰°ͣ˲Ͱڳһ߸ϵģҿû˵һֱǱੲݣѲɣм䵱
ŮѧҧгݣǧѩĿҲû⣬˭ϡƽָ͵ˣĽָѾѪк⿪͵кã
ǧѩ䶯꣬˲䱻סˡ
ŮѧһԼ͵͵ǰɣ
ǧѩָ⣬Ŀ֮˲ӿ쳣Ǳ˵˵ԩ޳ΪҪʹֶǣôкκô
ڶˣռָˣ治кƤħܵʬ壬в챦汻͵ȥǿˡ
Ƕˡ¿ȥæǳԲǲﶷӦôˣöָôᶪˣ
侲
ôҲ벻׷ʲôֻ֪극˯ˣ˯ú죬ֱѡ
м䷢ʲôһͷˮ
ǧѩ˫࣬յؾþòԡ
ռָˣеĺñˣɶ񡭡
ɫǧ˲Цһ߰߹ģģ׸ϡ
˼ҵıָˣȻҪżˡһı飬һڡ
ǧϣҲû˵ˡ
üǴɽ˳æǿ˵СѾͷǴɽ߳ˡ
ǧѩۿȥɽ˳ҪȥѰҿռָ
ӹµһת˲Щ뷨
ü۵ת⣬æָ໴Уղһ£Ȼ뵽ʲôС˼˰ɣЩ߱ã㵽뵽Щʲô
ǧæסõͣҽУǱ㡣
ԣ̱졣
ͣˣǧȡöɫĿռָöָ׹˸ϸһа
ͬҲеĽָһ۾ϳǧѩöռָ
СѾͷ㵽ʲôŹַˣ
ǧ΢΢ǧѩöָҾҵʱ̽⵽ĶѲɣɫƻʡ
̾˼ָǧıӾ͵СѾͷֱ̫Ʒˣ͵˼ҵĽָҲͰˣʵ̫Ʒ̫ˡ
̫Ʒ̫ţǧüؿۡ
öЦææ˵Щûþ㣬رӿɱȰӺöˡ
ǧüӣ
ܣ
ǧеĽָúú룬ýöռָںδ
ŲԶɽ˫
ǧѩһɽмϣǽöռָŻصɽУ֪ᷢЩʲôٴιҧҲ˵



566 ûз־Գ

뷨ǧҲֱһöռָڲݶ֮С
ûãǧѩǻصɽǵı飬Ӧûκջ
ǧǵıӰǻţһǿöָ֪¶α飬ڴء
СѾͷ滵͸ˡ̾˼ģȴǺ˷ܡ
ʱݶеĽָ˿ɢ΢â
ݶй⣡ָŲݴԣϲؽһ
ǧѩһ㶣͵ؽĿͶݶǱߣ̲ݶӳС
ָ϶ҵĽָǧѩӦҲ˲ֱӾͶӽݲݲݲݱ˲䣬оӳһöɫָ
ȷĽָɡ
ǧѩǰĽָ޵ĳ嶯
ҵˣıͺƤħܵʬ嶼ڣڣ
ǧѩĽָ𣿡¶öָҲЩ
ǧѩȻͷ¶һĨЦ⡣
ŮѧҲ˿ҵˣЩӵŬûи֮
̽̽ĶȱʲôûС³ѡ
ǧѩ̽뵽Уһ̽ɫ˲ͱò԰ޱȡ
Ķȫûˣ
ǧѩôˣ¼ɫԣüһ䡣
ǧѩָϺѪɫ˫˺һǿ˵Ķȫûˡ
һ˻Ȼ
ôȫûˣ
ĿռָѾѪǱˣ̽У˳ȫȡ
ǧѩ㲻ں˵ɣŮѧǽǧѩЩţⲻ˵˵ɣ
ǧѩ̫ѨޱȣռָݵУǲţ̽һ¡
Ůѧյвһ̽һ
һ̽룬ǸǾ֣Ķ治ˣѪ⿪ˡ
ôѪˣ˸޷̽룬ǧѩ㲻ûнռָѪɣŮѧ۰ͰǧѩҪ
ǧѩһ̱ڴʯϣ˼ֲ֣ǱȻҪռָԼѪȻԶ⿪ˣѲƬɭһλǲ֪ǿߣ
ǿߣ
Ůѧſˮʲôɱ˶ᱦǿͺá
ǧѩԽԽԾöռָɽҵģҲ˵ԼĿܻȽϴ󣬿м˭㲻׵ʵ
ǧѩΧˣ֪˭ɵģҪ˳Բ˶ߡ
ǧѩǸΣŮѧǼֻƤħܲɣ˲Щɵġ
ǧѩӴʯվ𣬵ȥɱԳɡ
ܿһ˾ûӰ
ǧǵıӰЩȱȱǾȻûл¼ɣû˼
Ҳ֣ǰ̫û˼ˣΪܿһҧû뵽ƽ˾
ǧһֱӴ˳
ˣˣҵȥҾԳĶǧܿ˿кһ֮ɫ
ϱQ̲ס˵ԳŰģˣ㻹кãŹǰɡ
ǧǰ˼ȫûзŹǵ˼ǷŹǣһɾʧ֮ˣңʱħ޾˶Ȼûķݶ
æסǣŵò˵ˡ
ǧɭ˼һ·ûпһֻԳǾ伣һ㡣
ȻһֻԳûУǲصûáǧ̲סֹһ䡣
Ҫ٩һ뵽в㲻˵ˡ
ǧǰ˼ȴûз־ԳˣȻīǡ
ԣīҲǧ
ɣû뵽ǾȻˡī䳯ǧȥɫӳ£ʱԵû󲻷
ģ̌һ˲Ͷ˫Ц˫ӵҲڴ˴ɱħޣ
īԻɴɴԴˣȸ½ˣĵĻҲܶһЩ
ǰɱԳī۾ȴһֱǧϡ
ǧװûǳЦǻˣҲɱԳ
ī΢΢һţܿȻˣһֱƾһ֮ɱôħҲ֮С
οǰЩ˷ͷ󵨵ɱٶҲ벻
㻹һ˾ȻɱôࡣīΪ䣬ֻô˿̵ǧҫ۷ǳƲĿ⣬ϧ¾Գ֪ȥĶöûҵ
ǰҲһֻɴɴһ䡣
ԴҲæͷ
ǧ֪ô£ʲôҲû˵



567 ôŻ

ܸоЩԳںʲôȻͻȻ֮伣ī²ţֻԳǰܹɽһûˡ
ǧűӣü۵ʹ˼֡
ɱ̫ȺԳŻˡ
ҲûҵԳǧָɫǳ˵˯žȥɱ˼ֻԳӦİֻ˰ɡ
īƤһɱİֻ
ǧڨڨһЦǰɡ
īüһ˫۾ϴţȷԳʧûϵ
ǾԳϵľͱŰɱ϶Ҳŵܵġ
ǧü򶨵ôܣô£ôԳʧ
īüɺɵؿǧ
ɴɴԴҲͬı顣
ǧӣ֪ЩˣպǶȻҲ֪ɱ˶پԳھ˵ȽϺá
˭֪ʣµһܲҵԳϾǲصʵ̫ˡ
ǧ뵽ռֻƤħģ򴽣ЩǸʵǺƤħɱ𣿡
ī˵ͷɱˣɱֻ
ǧһǾͺá
ôˣīЩĪ
ǧҡҡͷûʲô
ֻҪȷһ£ϾǧѩǺһСӵģ͵Ҳ͵͵ǵģȻΪ׵Ҳʧˡ
ǧĬһҲ֪˵Щʲô
ī迴һʱҲֿǧѵһҪһȥҾԳɣ
ǧգգ۾ЩŹֵؿīһۣʵǲһСӵģͲ˾Գͬ𣿡
Ȼǲµġī賯ɴɴǿȥʵ𣿡
ҡͷɴɴЦŵʲôǧͬ㲻һСӣҲһˡ
ǧһЦ΢΢һĨů⣬ǾһȥҾԳɡ
˵Цţ·ˡ
һ·ϻûоԳټǾһȫǰ֣ˣҲһҲԳ
ԳħƽʱɽаˣȻһֻԳҲҲѧûģѰ˸طֱЪϢˡ
ǧǻڼѰңֱ̫£Ծһ
̫ˣǻҸɽЪЪŰɡīɫȻ磬ȥЪϢ
ǧҲ˿ɫ͵ɫ氵ˣǳŻйЩȥҸɽɡ
ɴɴԴҲǵ˵ͷ
˺ܿҵһɽɽеݶѵīȥͷһЩ֦֮Ķ
ǧϵħֱӽ֦ȼˡ
һɲǣһɽͷҲů紺
ǧڻԿŻûþɴɴỽ
ǧЩѩˡɴɴվɽ⣬罫ۻɫɴȹһϸСİѩ˲Ʈļͷ
ѩˣǧȹվǰЩҲ¹ѩˣ
ǰµúǰЩӻҪ󡣡ɴɴֽסһƬѩϲѩָоӯӯƬѩͬҲ͸ɾġ
ǧ濴˼ۣɹһЦıǰЩӴЩѩǲͣˣܻ󡣡
ѩ·ҪɱԳɴɴŤͷʵ
ǧʼ磬յ˵ɡ
ɴɴľеҲԣ˵ɡ
ǧֽӹһƬѩһĨָӣϵİѩͻȻθһ󷭽θ
ؿڣ̲סŻŻŻ
ɴɴˣʱŵæңǧôˣôŻˣ
ǧܵ˵ͣҪˡ
ôָֻоˣ
ָоѾʧѲֳԻˣ
ǧû°ɣ˵ɴɴ켱ˣҰ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧθܶˡ
˳ǣ˵û£ǾθЩǳԻ˰ɣϾɭУܱҲûкóԵĶ
īԴͷʳһͼվڶ⣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲôܻ
˵ʲôվڶҲ䣿īɤҹԵøů
ɴɴһīˣҵĹһæǿڵӵˣǧղһֱڸŻǳԻ˶ӣˡ
īһ㶣æǷеĶߵǧԣһеʵԻˣû°ɣ
ǧҡҡͷɫ΢Щ԰ףû£ղž΢е㲻Ѿöˡ



568 û͵ûʲô

īԷϵķ˶㣬ҴӺӱץ㣬һҰЩȣ֮ůůҲôˡ
ǧᳶǣлл
ī̲סԴЦ쳣޷
ܵͷϵȶȣǧһƺЩϰĴ
ɴɴɫãæǿ˵ǧҷȥһɣԻ˶ڿ϶Щ
лǧʶС
ɽеĻҡҷ˿ڻԣһ˲ֻůǳ
ǧʯϣĿЩֻͣǳԻô򵥣
δϸ룬һζڱ䣬īʢһ
ǧǰɫɢΪԵûϴлȴҲ㹻ʳָ󶯡
ǧǰֻθЩˡ
ƴҧס˫ҲԼûиŻ
Ȱɡī轫ݵУеЦݾޱȡ
ǧ׵ĹȴûоܾӹסθĶľһСһСں
ûԳʲôζֻúöġ
ú𣿡īЦʵ
ǧ˳ǣ
ǧͲˣСܾЩʲôɴҲĴɡ
۾֪Ȼ˯ˡ
ɽ⣬ţССѩҲ˴ѩܿأװ׵һë̺ӡ
ա
ǧ۾ܿˣŤͷһͷǰããһƬ
Ȼһѩһҹ˿̻ڼţΧҲ½̸࣬δĿ֦ȼܿɽھůࡣ
ǧ˽ϵĶ񣬻ߵڴ
ѩµûͦȻûаǰıѩ󣬿ȻЩˡ
ģڿѩīഫ
ǧŤͷܿͶīĿ⣬ǣѩµû̲ͦס뿴һ£ҹŽֻɽжѩˣǳȥֻ»Σա
Ҳǡī贽ܺɽ⣬ѩ·ԳֲӰǶɽбȽʵڡ
ǧһۣЦصĵһҪ䵽ˣϾİֻԳʬ塭
īʼ磬·ûнһϣõһܱ˵õһҪãûʲôо
ǧָ⣬Цŵ٩һ䣬ҲԣӵǻˣƽռıԲ٣ȻԵһر⡣
īЦЦּɫ˲٣ȴ̲סһ䣬Ի˶Ǻˣ
ǧС˫ҲǷ۷ۣˡ
˿Ѿûʲôˡ
ǾͺáīŤͷһɴɴԴ˯ţջĿ˵ȳţȥЩܳԵĶ
ǧƬƬµѩҺһȥɡ
ī豾ܾһ¶ļᶨֻܵͷӦǾһȥɡ
ǧŶ߳ɽë׵ģСëУԶԶȥһֻѩ׵ӡ
ѩԵʣ涼˱Ҫץ㶼ץֻ˶ЩõҰ
˱ҰӸ۷Զһ˵
˵Զܿ͵˶ǰ
ǧһǧѩߵļŮѧ
ܿ죬ǧѩҲĴڣԭðôͬӵһ𣿡
˵ʱǧѩЩãīСӵģôԺǧ˻һ𣬶ī˽ãָ͵͵˼ֻħ޵ʬ塣
ǧѩԽԽʹ죬޲ý˲𿪡
ǧ֪ʲôüװɵ˼ˣôͲܺӵһˣ
˫޹գգǧѩֻޱȴۣǲһСӵģ켣һܹЩðɣǱ˿ָҪ˵Щʲôлˡ
ǧѩڳһΪõģϸЩ˷̣˺ܲ
ûʲôõġǧʼ磬ȫûû͵ûģʲô
˵͵ǧѩɫ°ڣ뵽öϴһյĿռָ
˵ﻰҲΪǵǶѡǧѩƽҧ˵һ䡣
ǧڰ֣ѵзִ磬㲻ͷˡ
ǧѩҧס˫һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǸԱģǧãָϲϻȦȦȻҲ˵ˣǾͻȥ緹ˣͲˡ



569 ʵսѵ

Ҫ뿪ǧѩоԼˣɫ˲࣬ƣٿÿӲһСӵģǲҪĺãñ˿˵л
ǧЩЦ
ʱѩͷʱװһƬɷǺÿۣɫѩһһСӵΣǾ仰ǲ͵˾˵лҲνȰ㻹ǹܺԼɡ
׵ǧѩʶһԱסˡ
֪һﾹôǿѹȸУ·ڲܶס˵ĺ˺á
ǧѩΪĵסƣֻ뿪
ǧѩѩأǻҪȥɱԳ𣿡ŮѧдãЩõʵ
ǧѩͷĿЩȻȻҪɱԳˣѵ˴յһֻԳҲûиСӽһԵ
Ůѧһ仰Ҳû˵
ǧѩˣһɸֵҹǧȻɱ˲پԳȻҲ㵭ɶ񡭡
䣬ǧѩҪȥɱԳ
ŮѧǶЩͷˣҧҧֱһɢѩôԳ϶ˣûҵȻҲҲҾԼȥҰɣǾͲˡ
ǧѩ뿪ıӰԭضš
һȺûõĶ
˶ˣѩֻʣǧѩһˡ
ǱϵħʦվѩҲ䣬ɶʵŰûҲܸܵһˬ
ҧҧܲסֱ˸ɽ
ʱǧҲصɽУΧһ𿾻𣬳Ұӱˡ
ǧŪҰ뵽ǧѩղŵĻ̲סڵǧѩ˵ǲһСӣһлǾͲ£
īο˵Щʲô
ǡɴɴͣ˭Щǧѩ˵˾ǳԱ˳ŵġ
˵ǧҲһĨů⡣
ѽǳԱ˳šǧüһ䡣
Ұӵζͦ𣿡Դֻ˵ϳԣȫûעǸղ˵Щʲô
ǧֻһͰֲôһ־ͽҰӶԴУмҰӣ԰ɡ
ԴӹҰӣԵüΪ졣
ͷѩڼţһȥװһƬһë̺ӣŷÿ
ǧʯϿŻ𣬵ʱˣ߻治ϣȻɵðǶˡ
ϣ˳Щڲݶϳ˯˹ȥ
˺ҹǧ˯òȣ־θܵûãСϸϸֻϸ۵ֽʹС
ʶַŵС·ֻܼʹҲ֪˶ǧڵ˯˹ȥ
˵ڶϣǧûһȫͬˣСҲǷ۷ۣ΢Щ룬û˯õԵʰɡ
ʱīҲ½˹ǳԹ緹͵ѧԺ˽ǸŪȥ
ʵսѵѵҪѡ˭ǵһǳԹ緹ûãȺصľű㱻򿪣ȾҲŴ˹
ѵǿЩͷɡ
׼һ̧߳ɽܿǾҵľŵڵأ˫˫һ۾̧Ŷ
ѧ½ûÿտĳϾͼѧһʱߴߴͣرˡ
Ⱦ޹ǵбǽϣߴߴٿӳߣǾóü
Ԩվԣûֳһ㣬ϵɫɹѵˮ
ȾᳶסӣԹ˵ܱܲǰڳ߽ܲһЩ飿
ԨƫͷΪһˡ
ȾȤٿǧͷ˳üһ٩ЦǸСӴɭͷˣôδǲǹˣ
Ԩû˵ȴֱӽĿǧͶȥ
δɰƯϵĶëëޣԶԶƹȥһֻ޺Сã޶˾˼ֿɰ
ԨɫΣɫҲûзǰѵˡ
ʱǧҲܵĨע⣬ٽĿͶ˹ȥһ˲˵Ŀײһ
ǧһ£ܿϳӵԨ롣
δɴһϮɫۣվǶʱ˱ֱ޳紵İȻǶȿȥһ·ˣ͸ϣ롣
ǧٴһȻ֮˷Ρ



570 

ô˵ء
֮ĺƣʻΣԼ棬ϧԨʵͨɫҲͬ
ǧϸϸ˼ţһʱ侹ջĿ⡣
Ԩţе˼ǳǳζš
Ⱦ仯һĨ𾪺ӿͷָɫЦŵ٩ԼҵСӾ鶼ˣǾͷֿбҪôѷ֣
þ᲻ƿĿ⣬Ƥ񶼿ˡ
Ԩûһ㣬Ŀһֱǧ
ǧѸٻҲʶĿ˻
ˣԨЩˡ
ǧվһ࣬ŬȥԨĿ⣬֪Ϊθղһ˲Щš
Ҳ֪վ˶ãȾ֧ӣ󷢴ȱؿڵʵսѵˣƣǽɵˡ
ѧԺʦ࣬һһСҲͦ࣬ÿСӽǶʮʮˣҪɿƼΪ򵥣ʵϻͦѶȡ
ѧһ˲ɫЩѿǵûɣǰ漸򵥣һԳɾ졣
ɭеľԳаһҲһֻƽʱҲҲһֻʵ׽嵽׷ʲô
ȾûϵĿգ˵һ䣬ھͽǵսƷȡҿǾɵˡ
ѧǳһ£ǽռڵħʬȡ
ܿ죬ÿСǰһ߾ħʬ壬ʬϵѪѾɺԣȴѪζƮɢܿ⴦طȳޱȡ
ȾסӣһСһСӿ˹һֻǴͶֻڤǶɵĲֻƤħȴɵĲôЩСӾȻɱһֻЩСӵˣһȲͳˡ
Ƥħ˵ƤëȽϺ񣬵ҲǱȽϺɱħޣҲûɣպ󻹵ҪǿѵȾܲ⣬üëһʱϵ˲¶
δɵѧ㬵ͷһҲΥ
ǧ̲סһۣеƲС
ȾһȦԳɵøǲ⣬ðɣ겻ɱһֻҲǿԵġ
ЩСӾȻһֻûɱԳЩ
ȾۣɫһԳħޣһֻҲûɱ
ѧһҵĽ͵ԺˣЩԳʵ̫ƻҲ֪˺δǾһֻҲûҵ
ȾüȻЩǵĹԳĳѨϣЩ鼮϶ᵽǾȻ˵֪Գںη
ܵ͸ŭ⣬ѧǸŵɪɪģǶұˣûһֻԳǾںʲôȫǸ֪Ƕںδ
ȾºɣȴҲ֪Щѧƭǻˣö˶˵ľԳô£
ѧȫ֪
ȾɨһȦͻȻīСﾹȻһֻԳʬ壬Ƕ˵ҲԳһֻԳɱģ
īǧѩǽû˵Ϊⲻɱġ
ʱƽƽѧԺһֻԳѩҵģҪʳֱж㣬Ǿͳûնɱˡ
ֻϧҲûٳһֻһֻ͵һ
Ⱦû˵
ŤͷǧǱ߾İֻԳʬ壬ҲɣԶԶڸ
Ⱦͷһϸϸһ
СӾһˣ˵һ϶Ϊڹ涨ʱࡣ
˵ɣҲѹСӣһ·ն˵һ
ȾϸϸţһĨ̽֡
ҵСӹ治Ƴˣ˸桭
ǧ˵˵ô𣿡Ⱦر֪ô쵽ģİֻԳôɱģ
ǧֻǵĺ棬Щħ޶ʳԶζճɱڤҵˣһЩСֶΣǺսҾʳɱҾ֮
Ⱦ˫һһõİ취ûЩ˸ҽôħ㻹ڲͬ
ǧЦ
ǧѩԺ޲ͣ˿ʺͲʡ
ҫȫȥòİ
˵˵ԳɡȾһ
ǧü˵˯ţҲǵԼһˣֶɱֻԳɱֻ
һ٣ֳֵҹڷȥ˾Գϳ
ȾüһһϣɱİֻԳ
ǧգգ۾޹صͷѽȷ



571 Ѳ¹

Ⱦһ飬ܾþԳʧѲ˸ϵֱ˳Ѩɱ䣬˻ħ޶Ầ
ĻҲ˺
治ԨСӣ
Ⱦ´һ˲ЩŹ֣ܺúܺãһ¸ңСֻһҲٶҲԶԶκһСӣʵսѵĵһĪ
ǧͶԵһ˵Ҳʼͣ
Ⱦ䣬ɢһٿƮͦŨģɧ
ǧɫȴз̰һ䡣
Ⱦһۣ֣˵ΪһЩԴ㶼ģԴǶʮ˷ݵģҲһСӵģȫǴûйʷϵһˣǽ˴۽硣
ǧǲһĨЦ۵ףʮ˷ݵԴ㹻һЩˡ
лԺǧ촽һŬ
ȾһЦһһѧԴ͹
ǧһתͷͿǧѩһԹؿԼ
֣ǧѩһ㶣ת˲ָֻ֮˳ɫǹϲˣһ˾ܵõһܵõôԴۺ졣
˵ȴ˶
鲻һмʣԹޣгݵġ
ǧһۣνʼûʲôۺģպټӰѾͻᳬԽأ
ǧѩɫЩѿ
⻰ڼ˵
ǧѩ˵һ仰
ˡԨҲ֪ʱҲǷļͷ
ǧһ㶣Ťͷʱ˫ڵӡ
ʲôʱģ
ԨͬҲһһϣŵɤǻȥɣͷ䡣
ǧҲǧѩǵͷ
Ԩ볯ǧѩһۣһתͷͺǧС
ܿ˾ͻصСԺ
СԺӱɨüΪɾͷЩѩģŵеȴһ顣
ǧѩٻصһ̼¯̼¯ú̿һʱͷůģرʡ
ǧ¶ƨɶûȣͷһ졣
ûü϶񣬱߳ȥ̽̽
ǧͷ㡣ǧԺŴ򿪣ͷһվ⣬˵
˭ңǧۣЩ裬ûˡ
Ӵƣһĵƹ񡣡
ǧüһ
ģ
￴ӣʲô
Ѳӳˣ
ǧͷңȴûбֳлصһˣھͳȥ
ЩȥɣǽĵƹģЩż˵ţʹ뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰģ̌Ҳ뿪
ʱһֻ˹ֱӽë޶ϣ϶ٳȥɡ
ǧһԨ벻֪ʱ˹ú۾
ǧͷһ˶㿪˵ʦЩҪţȳȥˡ
Ԩһ˫纣
ǧŶ첽뿪߳ѧԺ㷢ģͷȫǰɫѩȻͷվá
ģôˣǧǰһ䡣
һ˫ҵĹһЩӵȫ˵һ飬Դ֮ЩңǧҲˣƽ¥Ҳ֪ʲôˣҩƵĻ㲻ȴûǵĺãɰǾܵʲôƻһÿÿǱȥҩǺˡ
ܵƻ
ǧüģ£¹˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ֪ʵڹŹֵĺܡ
ǧһתٿڵҽҪǵĵҩкβͬģھȥƽ¥
ĵ·ʱ˵ʵҲȥƽ¥̽ʵڿǵĵҩĶ
ǧ򴽲˼ȴЩء
ܿǾƽ¥ǧ䣬ͦ˽ȥ
һȥǿһΪĳ棬͸гһֲϣһӵҩͱһգһǣȫܵҩж
ǧ˳棬ǲһ飬ⲻҩײˡ
ǧңʵڶൽףҩһһգʵ˵ĹŹ֡Ŀǰĳ棬˵
ǧû˵ִϵĵҩƿӴš
һ˲һɵҩζǼ⣬дһ˿˿ֵζϸһţȴʲô
ǧǰĵҩüͷ
ͨĵҩƷͨͨζҲͨɾôͨĵҩܰǵĻӭѲΪˣ



572 ĵҩ

ǧ˿۸۾һۡ
꣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ѪҪҲҪһңǮ
ǧִҩʵ벻ͨôͨ۸ôĵҩȻóȥ
ЩնɵӰɣ
ǧǰĵҩܾ˵֣ⵤҩı¹˰ɣ
ⵤҩʲôɷ֣
ǧۣһŻȥоо
ǧңǣļŵҩţɿڳ
ǧƿǣҪһŻȥооҾⵤҩЩŹ֡
ҲⵤҩѰʲôҲû˵
ӴⲻǶǧ𣿡ҡڶԼﻹмףЦ۾ôпˣԣвûпˣȻУҰæֻ¿
ǧеķ̣ȴҲúƽϡ
Ҿ˳ŵҩȥооǧɫݣ˶ֵãɫҲòˡ
˷ϲ¾ˬѾˬ˺üˣ򼸿ȥоɡ
ǧüһﻹͦ⣿
ǮԼȥ
壬ʱӦٵʱ򣬿ȴûһˣ˶ȥˡ
ǧǰǰĵҩͨĵҩ濴ʲô֪֮֮᲻ʲôͬ
ִҩͷ¡
ʱúͬ˵СѾͷɲҳԣⵤҩͷԵʣºͻˣԵԽԽ벻ⵤҩˡ
ǧָһٽҩÿʵʲôʣ
ٴοڣҲ֪ʲôʣӦƳģϸûУֶֻҪմȾһСͻ񫣬Ǵ
ǧҧ֮зһ⣬ֲĵҩԭͷֺʡ
֪ǺȴҲ֪ǼΪĶǰĶƷֻҪȾһЩͻ񫣬ȻȴǷˣΨн䶾ػ
ȴû뵽ڹŴҲƳֺ˶Ƥӵ´̴š
ļɫãæǿʵǧңôˣ
ǧǰŵҩ飬ⵤҩͷʣֻҪմȾһЩͻ벻ǵĵҩҲΪʲôǵĵҩܹ
͵һǾȻ˴
ǧ񣬡ӣǱߵĵҩǧմȾһҲС
æͷ˭ԼЦ
֮ǧеԾûȴѾôˣеİտ϶ܶ࣬Ժ󻹻ֵ֪࣬ҩкĿģһҪֹȥ
ɾҪһͷˮ
ǧңǸò⣬ֻŤͷǧ
ǧҡҡͷеֻҲûʲô뷨Һú룬ϸ˵
ĵͷ
ǧȥԲߣɵվʱ򣬱㿴һĨɫӰǰӹܿʧ
κϤǡԨ룿
Ԩôֵط
ǧҡҡͷܾԼֻܳþˣߣܿͻصСԺһȥͿԨϰȲ衣
ģʣȫȻûκγȥĺۼ
ǧ߬ƣղŹȻ˰ɡ
ˣԨ뽫豭£ĿͶϡ
ǧǰƮɢЩůģûнãܿҾ취ˡ
ԨӦһʵ׳˺£
ǧѻҩ˵˵һ䣬һЩС¶ѣܿܽˣʦͲҪˡ
ԨŲ豭ǳǳӦһ
û׷ʣǧ˿
ǧصȥԲߣϧôҲ벻
ЩƳģҲûмģҪѡ
ǧڴϣ֪Ȼ˯˹ȥ
ڶգǧӴͷѩҲͣЪˡ
ϴ׼ȥȴԨ벢ڣôһѾȥˣ
ǧЩ棬̲סƿԨķ˽ȥ
ķ䲼õĺܼ򵥣ͷҲɨüΪɾܣϺڷһŵҩ
ŵҩòƿЩ졭
ǧʶǰ̲סϵĵҩִе˵࣬չȥŵʱŵ渲һŹζ
һ㶣˲˹
ѹõҩ죬ԭöҩʽƽ¥۳Ĳʵĵҩ
ǧеĵҩĿȻ
˵ʱİɫӰȷԨ룬Ԩ֮ȥƽ¥ӵĵط
Ҿ֪ƽ¥ĹŹ֣ԨȥˣĻɵ¶



573 ɫҺ

ǧеҩùŹ֡
ҩӵ²ûκ֪˵ʱҲûκڳԨ뾹Ȼɳƽ¥˳ŵҩоʲô
Ԩһ֪ҩʦ
뵽ܣ뵽Ԩʼƽ糣ͷɽ˽
Ҫϸʱǧһ
Ԩˡ
ǧͷһһеĵҩϣ漴ֳһݵģſڡ
ʦ
ԨŶ룬û뵽ǧԼУⲻ㶣ܿȴҲƽ˹ң
ǧͷһƽ˭֪ʦôͳˣ̲סƣʦȥĶˣ
ԨûҪ˼ȾԺҹȥ
ȥʲôǧգգ۾ȴ뷨ԨȥΪʵսѵɣ
ܿǧ뷨õ֤ʵֻԨһӱӿռָȡһУкܴһ־ռ˲ٿռ䡣
ǧǰĽУĽͷɶʮ˵ԴǸȾûڲƭ
ѧԺҵԴǧǰĽУҪдĳ嶯
Ԩǿ뷨æǿڵǶʮ˷ݵԴ޴ԴСţѧԺȻƷжô޴һԴ˵ۺ죬СһЩ
ڸҪСģҲðԴزغá
ǧͷ˲һůͷ֪˵ʦҶСĵġ
ɡԨֵ
ǧ֣ؽд򿪡
򿪵˲һâУâʧſ˽еƷ
еƷܷḻнңвħ޾ˣȻյҩв٣֮⾹һСƿɫҺ嶫Ҳ֪⵽ʲô
ʦƿɫҺʲôǧ˻ƿӣһ䡣
Ԩ볯ƿɫҺ忴һۣûʲô飬ƿҺûʲôرֻǿıĹѡ
ǿ壬ı幹죿
ⲻǾͬúͰ䷽Ч
ֻȴǳԨ뾹˵ⶫֻѰ֮ûʲôرƽˡ
ǧüƳԨ뿴˼ۣ˵ݶȻ򵥡
ĥԨݣҲֿܣȴ벻ͨ͸ǱʶȴԨĳˣҲͺ
Ŀ̫¶ǣԨ봹һǿʵôˣΪ㿴ң
ǧЩ飬ڨڨĿ˻СҲһǳɫĺΣûʲôȻʦѾҾȳȥѵˡ
ϵĺʵ̫ǳԨûʲô֣ͷӦһ󣬲ŷǧ˳ȥܿӰӶƲˡ
Ԩ̾һתϵöҩٿһ䣬ޱȣһ޴ĺڶ˿̽塣
öҩ⡭
ʱԨ뷨ǧ֪ȥ̲סĲСĸζ֪ΪʲôȻ޷ֱԨ˫纣ʵЩ֡
ûж룬תȥ˳ɭ֡
ɭѾ飬ܿᳵ·һƬյأ׼ɱħޡ
߽׻ϵټ䷽ӣĻϵħܣЩͽħûϰ˽ףŽ׵ħҲܹӦʮ׻ʮϵħ޻ǹǺġ
ǧȡѪ﷨ȣɱħޡ
ö׵ħޣǧо͸ûʲô
һֻħ޵ͷ­ǧŵдһЩ죬·ܹƻ˵񾭡
ǧܲΣգæֽڱסһɲǼ䣬΢Щӱ˼֣һоͶһ֮ɫ·Ҫ׸ˡ
СѾͷ侲һЩúӿռгȰ˵˼䡣
ǧЩĻ󣬾ͲסһۣΪҪ侲Ѳ֪˭ɢĹ
һ뵽ЩǧЩˣҪԼ㹻Ҳ֪ᱻƻʲôģ
°ͣòµòȻСѿֲɢζҿܻƯС
ֲ
ǧӲתת
缫Ϊ棬ħܹǣһЩֲҲպҲħһ㿪ǡ
ֲֻܹҪħٵöֲ࣬ʶԸѪȽϳħޣҲԸѰЩֲ



574 Ǿޱ

ǱʶлΪֲȽϽȻûħǰ֪᳡ʱСѿŻᱻԺܵ͵ļ۸£ټǸдƷѪԣû˻ðա
ǧһֲƻ࣬ſܿǣȤˡ
ֲﱾͲ࣬ȻˣҸҪȥˡǧȹڣԴͷȥ
üҪȥȻҲּɵġ
Щȥ˵ܽѪءüͰ͵شߴ٣ˮȻϣǧܽǶԼˡ
Ѫ
ǧ΢ЩĶȴһ侲ȿʲô˵ɡ
ѭζ߹ȥǧȴûпֲӰһ㶣üͷô£ζԴͷôʲôûҵأ
þһЩߵֲƻ˾ˣĳطڹ۲ǡ
ǧ󣬲û෴˫һЩ
Ȼ֪ܣ濪ǣҲ֪ȼΣܽѪˣʵȻһ㡣
ǧսȭͷйâɣһڱصõĹâΪҫۣӣֲܸܵĶ𣿡
Ǳøһ¡ñ۾ϸϸţ
ǧģҲôֻܾȴ
ʱһһȥǧ΢ЩżȴûбֳãҲ֪һ﾿ûиܵʲô
ʱһߵ㱻紵ɢܿʲôҲܲˡ
ڴʱڽҲЦЦ֪ǼһĶˡ
ǧ˫һæǿʵĶˣ
°ͣһĪȻϢЩ΢ܸ֪ڶߵУ͵͵ء
Ϊ˲ֲ֪ѾˣǧɫسȥǶһ㶯ûУ˫һУֱϡ
ٶȼ죬֮ιٿʱֻܿһӰ
ܿǧֲŵĵط
ĦצӣЩǼһͲͷЩԼˡ
ǧɵؿһۡ
ҪԼֲֻӾʲô
ǧ̲סۣôЩٿæǽĿ˻
Щԡٴδߴ٣ĺɫ۾ģ࿴۱˷ܹͷˡ
ǧ̾һСԲֲȻԻˣʵ̫Сֽ̫ˡ
ȫŽĿͶ˹ȥһӴǱߵķ羰ĺЩ٣˫Ҳһ¡
ﾹȻһЩС۷۵Ļڷţ欣ûв´ЩСӦǾޱǶѹǾޱĻڣǾޱïʢɵӶ֪м϶è塣
ǧ룬ûóȻ׼̽̽˵
ܿ㷢ǾޱĲͬѰǾޱϸۣǰǾޱִ˵ƬƬɫҶӾͬӳ¾ҫɫâˣҲĴ̡
̼ɫڣһȥη塣
ǧˣ̿ˮҶӻϵļ̶˼ΪɵⶫݣȼȻͣɲʹ˷
̽˹ȥ㶡
ǾޱȻа˽ף
ǧЩȵգգ۾˭ֲＫǾޱѾ˰˽ףʿ϶ܲǾޱҪõ
Ѫ﷨ȡȴݷеȴ֡
ǾޱҶڷҡҷƺһ̵ƽȫĽ䱸ɢһЩ
ûֲ»ˡյЦ˼
һѣǧеЦҲ˼֡
ֳַȿٳ˳ȥȥ˲䣬һſСҲͶ
Ǿޱɹ̫һǿĻϵħϮҶһʱ侹ЩңǧʶҪˣеĹ߸Ũ˼֡
ʱ򣬾˵һĻˡ
ԭЩҵǾޱֻáᡱЩСҶƬʱγһСĻܣ⻤ܼΪ̣ܿͽСֵһ֮ҲûκƵĺۼɸɾ¡
һĻǧ΢΢һ
ΪϵħѾǿȴû뵽ǾޱҶӻܸΪ̡
Ļ澹ܽ⻤տ
ǧֲ˲ǣûκλңӼ
Ǿޱκħ޶ҪǿҪҲΪ֡
ǧ˫ӼᶨҪԼ뷨



575 Ǿޱ

ǾޱƸӦ뷨϶Ҷӣһ˲֮Ȼ쳤ˣĺڴ̳ǧϮȥ
͵ڴ̴̹ͬʱЩҶӾҲ糤һ㣬ڵķ򲻶и
ǧˣ˫˼֣Ȼ쳤Ǿޱ治ͬ졣
üٶǾޱĹͬʱеĻϵħΪǿңֻáಡ
ҵС򲻶Ǿޱȥ
Ǿޱ㲻ֱӱһ湥ˡ
һ˲֮ӣǾޱ⾹Щڵĺۼ
϶֮侹Ĳҽ
ء
ĽҼϸǧڶʶ뽫סʱ򡭡
СѾͷЩʹϵħԣСҪˡͻȻߴ󺰴
ǧ˫һǾޱĿ⡣
СһﾹȻҪܣҲͬͬ⣡
ǧϵħһɲǼϵħͬڵʨֱֱǾޱϮȥ
Ǿޱ֪ǧȻǱ̬˫ϵħʦһȻ絽ˡ
Ҳת˲֮䣬Ǿޱٶ֣ģԸȫȻôҲˡ
ǧ֣ЩؿǾޱһۡ
üˣ˲ЦСܣڱǴˣڿôܡ
סǾޱֻӺţô죿
ǧ֪Ǿޱ뷨СǰĿһֱǾޱĿЩ¶ǣȴ̰а
ǾޱɱЩڣҶһɲǡᡱڶ𣬷ҶƬһֱָǧƺֻҪһжЩƬҶܽͱѡ
ǧüһζɫǾޱĻǲСѾס˾в
ǰķҶӣһʱҲ֪Ρ
ҪҪĵҶƬƻ
֪뷨æȰǧķҶƻƻˣɹѪҲۿۡ
һ治Уǧüͷ΢΢šʲôûУ
°ͣЦЦǸСѿֲȥǾޱһ£˵ͳأ
ǧתת취С
֮ͬܻйͬԵġ
ǧŲϵСѿСѿźǾޱ𣿡
СѿϸŴ֮ԡ
ԣǧ˲Ļŭţϻ̲סһ䣬Ǿޱͬ죬޷˵ϻˡ
СѿСҶӣƺЩ죬Сĵġ
䣬ǧͿһ̹˳ȥӦʱͷСѿѾǾޱߣǾޱЩ䱸һͬ࣬ϵĽ䱸ɢȥһЩ
Сѿ˳ʤ׷ϸ۵гջ󣬡СǾޱʲҪԼˣô
ǾޱڹˣһҪ⣬жµĽ䱸ŨһЩ
ŷҶӣǧķȻһ£ƺھʲô
ǧߣû
Сѿ֪ľٶǺ⣬ƻһռ䣬㣬ԲԿգƺö༫ƷҩǸҲ÷¶ˡ
ռ䣿
Ʒҩ
Ǿޱ󣬾˼ֶҡ֮ɫ
ɣÿշ¶ޣʱʳﶼҲЩħ˸۸
ҡǧ۾Сѿ֣Сѿȹ
Сѿһٶ
ǧӿռȡһƿҩݵСѿǰѾҡٸƿҩѡġ
Сѿŵҩƿӣϲϲ˹ȥСǾޱƵĵҩ
ǾޱЩɣ漴һϸۺŮлżֳɣҡգ
Сѿ˵ˣƺЩõбģⵤҩɺóˣԳԿ֪ˡ
ǾޱЩɣɵһŵŨҩζּҩſԲӨҲ̲סˣŻһ˲֮仨ſɡͷ˼̣ҩ룬Ȼ̾׽ܿ쵤ҩͼ˵ס
ǧЩȵգգ۾
ΪĻĵطȴ뾹ȻҲ̣治ܽѰǾޱһͬ
µҩǾޱֻȫޱȣָоǰûеġ
ŤͷϸϸǧۣƺĳѾ
Сѿһ˷ܽлôҩó԰ɣֵҩкܶ࣬ƽǵԵġ
죿
ôţƵĵҩȻԣ



576 һֻĻ

ǾޱѪ
һֱ¶޺öûôԹСѿ˵Ʒҩԣֲֲֲ
ǾޱҲˣܿͿ˿ڣͬԼԺܺСѿһҩ𣿡
ӴǾޱˣ
ǧʶǾޱһۣǾޱĿͶӲ˲
һ䣬뵽ÿնƲٵҩ̾ʹӦֻҪͬԼȻһͬʣСѿеһȱ
ǾޱۣͬԵ˲һģǳûֶĵֱ̰ӷˡ
ͬԼǾޱɿˡ
ǧؽָҧƣѪܿ͵ǾޱĻϡ
ʺѪҺ˲û룬˲һɫĹâ⣬ǾޱûѪû壬ɫâʧԼˡ
ܿǧǾޱĳϵ
ǾޱǧԼ󣬾͸оĳȫ˺ӣһԼʵЩ
ǾޱޱԼѡ񣬶ǧҲ˼֡
СǾޱܱС𣿡ǧ޴壬Щ֪νŪȥ
СǾޱ͵صͷȻԡ
һ䣬СܿͱͬСѿһСŤһӣ漴ǧϡ
СѿʾҲȥ
ǧϵֲһ˫۾Цˡ
Сѿɫʱ͸ƵõģСǾޱΧСװ㣬žһ
ϣ˲͸ǧɫ˲٣Ҳϲǡ
СѾͷ湻ģȻյķӣ˽ǾޱԼˡöϵСǾޱЩ֮ɫ
Ļ㣬ۣҧһڡ
СǾޱ֪뷨Щض
ǧۣ˲ԾӣСǾޱʲô
צӲͣĻ㣬ۣþҧһڶѡ
СǾޱøǺˣֻײУŹ
ǧãȻ䷢ֻӾղһֱߴԼСǾޱžǴζһֻĻá
ԡǧüֱӾܾƽö٣Ȼ˼ҵĻҰԼˣݵ⡣
һ˲ɰͰ͵ˡ
ǧȨûֱӿ˿ڣǻȥ
ԼСǾޱ˲ʱ䣬һȥɫѾˡ
ǧ˽ϵë޶Ųѩ߽СԺС
ԨкȲ裬һִŲ豭Ŷ;зʲô𣿡
˵ţʶϿһۣ޿㿴˶ߡ
ɫģһĶδܸܵӦѰ֮һֲ
ǧûʲôֱоԨǿεģ;зһֲֲĿǰѾ˽ףѰ˼ֲﲻҪԼˣһЩѶԸҷ˺ô󹦷ųɹ
ԨٴγϿȥǸۺɫӦþԼֲɡ
ûˣԨ벻ֲǵûˡ
ǧͷһ£æҡҡͷСǾޱȻЩѶԸˣʦͱˡ
ԨǱá
ǧĿܾԼô˵Щֵֹġ
Ȼôãϲûбֳ
ǧʶϵСǾޱſ˵ʦҾЩۣȻȥЪϢˡ
ԨڵĿӳ»£һ˲侧ޱȡ
ǧ˲ͽĿ˻ȥܾĿЩϤ
ص䣬һϴϱ˯˹ȥ˯֮ʣǧһȵĿϮ
ǧšüͷȹâע˯òȣЩĻģһ٣ٽĿˡ
͸»һ˫ڵ
ϣһſޱȣɵ
ǷΡ
ǧһ۾ϳˣ͵ؽɴ󣬲֪δ˷ʲôܾЩġ
ʶ뷨һ̾ͽֿѹȥѾˣʦ˷ʲôҹϮ
䣬̾˼ɫҲмֲ⣬ȴǱˮ
е⣬Щܣõ˷ҲԼҲóܡ
̾һ˵ֻ㡣
ǧʶο˼ۣȴƽɣղһҲ֪ǲġ



577 ֮ʲôϵ

ҲˣҲĹˣǲǸˣǧü
ƣζûбֳ˼䵤ҩӣ
ҩ⼸ۣǧʶο˺üۡ
ҩӵ¶ûȥ˵īҲ֪˵ҩӣͬסһԨ뵼ʦҲ֪£ξĵ˵ſ϶͵͵
뵽ԼٱסˣǧЩ
üеŰʦûκιϵˣȴ͵͵ң״ʲô˼
е⣬ʶָս˿Žеѹ£Ҳ͵͵㣬֪úòá
ǧ۾ʲôû˵ȴЩӡ
ƿ꣬ٴοڵҷֶƽ¥ĵҩЩ⣬ƺʲôʣҪһЩ
ǧ΢΢һ٣ȻѾȥƽ¥ˣ֪Щҩʣ
ǧɵؿһۣܿ뵽Ԩ뷿еöҩ˶Ѿƽ¥ˣ˵ôҪҪôɣ˵֮ʲôϵ
Ŀ̫¶ǣæǽ£ʵôˣ
ǧһΣʲôû˵
Щ²Ҳֻ룬Բ˵һݾô죿
֪ʲô𣿡ǧͷһ䡣
μԼˣ˼ãƿһִδʣЩƻĵĳɷ֣㺦˵ĶѰ֮Ҳͨ˸еġ
ǧҲͬ뷨ƻĵʿ϶Ѱ֮ܽⶫƳĿ϶ͨˣƻĳа֯
һ뵽֯ǧ˺ڰħʦᣬ˶ŪóֹƻĵС˼ˡ
ЩҲֻ룬û˵
νֿǧͷ֣صҴδ㲻õģ˵һỤġ
ǧŴ꣬ɫЩԾֽεĵʦˣԼᴦͲˡ
䶯꣬˵Щʲôͼ˫۱·˵Ļȫ⣬˵ʲôҲЩ˵
ϢҹЩ
˵ž뿪ܿͲӰ
ǧſһ˵ӣ˫˲ЩҲЩƵġ
ϱͷ˯
ʱƽ¥ȴɵƻ֡
СŶʵӣ֮ȫģˣƵĵҩǲƣȫǵİնƽ¥ҩˡ
˵ӰŲ豭߷ЦأЦһǿ˵ƵĵҩȻЩղɵĻȻƽ¥
Цһ뵽ⷿжѻŵĽңЦúϲ£ˡ
ǰ浤ҩӴ̼ò֪ǺãˣĲҲˣǲ֪˾ƵҩģȻȫǰնˣˣеľҪˡ
̿ˮ˫̰˼֡
õʱǣסˣȻǵÿ
һۣ֪ڴʲô⣬֪ЩʲôֻҪԹеĵҩ㲻֪İɣ
е⣬Ǳ߶һҧɪɪˣСһ㵱ţҲûԹԡ
ЦٿͳеһƿӣҲҪ㵱ţֻҪ㽫ƿĶǳУȻõĺˮоͳɡ
СƿЩĺɫҺ壬ţֻЩš
ˣƿеʲôûΣɣ̿ˮʶһ䡣
ȻЩģйʱƺҲмֶζô⣬
һŵɪɪˣĹҰɣҲˡ
˽СƿӶУͿЩȥ£ǵûùӳԡ
æǽСƿӽӹ˼ŸνҺ嵹뾭õĺˮС
˽ϣͻȻ˵һ䣬˵ǳеĹ绨ȥҼһ첻йƵĻš
ӦԺиֳǧ
ǽ׸ˣһܸ˰ɣ
дСžţȴҲɵǧݣĻһССѧԺѧ



578 СĻ

⣬͵ͷ˳ȥ
ѧԺУŸո˯ŵǧɴһ硣
Σ
ǧû⣬ֱڶ̫˹
·˴ƳϷһУеλüΪۣһ
ǧϵĽУû뵽ŽǴĶġ
Ī˳ģ
뵽ΣǧͷЩӣǰ˳ָڽĦš
Ҳ֪ͷʲô
ǧ룬Ȳͽдˡ
򿪵˲䣬ǧͱһһ£ɢſзźöңԹƴǧ
Ȼ࡭ǰͤĿⷿȫͿ˰ɣ
ǧĬĬͷĽңǸ˼֣Ѿûйϵˣ¸ʲôǸĲʲô
뵽ǧζӺȱ
ЩŲϡ
ǧü뽫ǰĽҶһ뵽ҵͦ࣬Щ᲻áߣǨŭΣҲظЩҹȥȻģðײá
룬Ϳٽռ䣬һ˫۾Ҳ䡣
ǧŶʱԨġû뵽Ԩ뵼ʦҲġϰߣ˾ȻеɻԽԽˡ
վſڣʵ̲סˣ÷š
Ԩһſ˵ɡ
ǧŶܿ㿴ǰǸԶּȴܿдúƯƺһֹϤС
ʦġǧۣҪ
Ԩȴڵһʱ佫ϣһǧʲôˡ
üܾԨǹġ
¾ġһЩԨ뽫УĿݶ񻤳Ǻӵĺǳǳÿ쳣
ǧºɣȴҲǲɫġܹԣǲģˣҪȥȳȥˡ
Ԩ˫ɵ
ǧȹڣʱֳԨ뿴һۣ֪ΪǱ
ܿ߳˷䣬ֳ俴˼ۣת뿪
ɭһ뵽ⲻã;ȥ
ŸߵԼſڣԶԶͿЦӭ˹
ǧ۾ĿҲЩģڹܾûġ
ǧҡЦлһСӹµµתţǰЩǿЩᣬŰ¾¥ԳԺȺ˳֮̽̽ˣɺã
ǧüͬСǼ˲ͬһȵĺܣԶˣôǵأ
ɫ˽
СǼ
ֱ
׸ˣ·Nɪ϶ᱻŪ÷
дСžţеƺҲԡ
ǧ𴽽ǣɵӣԵῴ
һ뵽ԼļƻӵʲôֻҪҼǵþͳˣǧȥ¥һ٣˵Ͳɣ
ǧü֪ڴʲôСžţͲˣ̰ڰֵ࣬ԷͲˣͽˣֺαعڻأ
δ˵Щʲôǧ䣬ٽС
ıӰŭ
ˣΪԼѧԺѧˣʱ䵽·NɪôƯŮˣ϶ܽźķ
һ룬ϷŹǧˡ
ǧ뵽кòԾͶǱ˶ˣĸо
ӣȥҲʲôС˼ǧٻ
Щشƣģһ
ǧԴȥɡ
öų䣬һͲӰ
ǧУޱӣɫɵޱȣû֪˿Щʲô
ûʲô⣬ǧĻȥϢˣ뷨ĻҲ٣飬ûþͻˡ
Qǧűߣ۾˸ŷŭ֮ɫСѾͷǸʵ̫ˡ
ǧһ۷߿ı飬ЩɻôˣǳԻҩ˻Ǳ۸ˣΪ󣿡
צӲԲĺ۾ȫǷŭ֮ɫþʵ̫ˣ֪㾹Ȼ⣬н׸һʲô˵ģҲ֪ǸʲôǱΪʵڿɶ񣡡



579 ǧѩҩ

ǧüĿһû뵽˼Ǹ˭
ǰû˵˰ɡ
˭ǧüͷһܾͷСҾࡣ
һת˵ŰϢ˺ƾճˣҲǵͷģԲŮģùЩҲʲôŪġ
ǧüëһҲЩ⡣
ƾճѾɵģȻͷ˾⡣
ߴߴ˵ͣǧɫ˼Ȼˡ
Щ˷ܵһ䣬ģЩȻѾͷˣô費Ҫýץ
ǧһڣأҲһСѣǲȥҲûʲô취ҪЩͲˡ
ûѵһǸϻ쵰˵Щɵġ
̯ƣЩԸðɣȻ˵þͲ鷳ˣߣˡ
ǧĿǳǳȴλˣǼһ﾿Ǻεϸǲ鿴ƽϺðɣ
ӣȥҲˣѾвˣȥǾûóԵˡǧü˵Щ߿
ȥˣͬҲܷ߿ȻҶвҪ飬ðʮ˴
ھȥ顣һ̾ˡ
ԶȥӰǧԭش˻Ҳȥˡ
صѧԺǧķвѧһŵҩڿУеĵҩΪϤ
ǧһ۾ϳƽ¥ĵĵҩŹƻʣһű񫣬۾Щѧ˲ֹһţ֮ȫǴ֮ɫӦѾˡ
ѧԺѧʴ಻Ǿҩĺûֱֲ
ǧ򴽣Ҳ㽫˵˲ţŪһȡ
ѧԺȥɷǧѩīǡ
ԴʵսѵЩŮѧ֪ǧѩףر߸ϣͲͬˣһˣģֻܽīϡ
Ƕȸ½ˣ϶ļֵġ
ԶԶģǧͿǧѩһд򿪣ӵ£С㣬Ҵƽ¥ĵҩ˵ⵤҩǳãÿ춼ڵء
б򿪣īֱɵˡ
ҩôͨǧѩȻ˵ãӲỵ˰ɣ
ʥŮЩҩãī費ɫüǧƵĵҩǧ򱶰ɡ
֪ī˵ǧѩЦЦ񣬡ӵ֪ЩҩȻͨζȴǼõģֻҪԹԺ
īԲţĵҩ
ǧѩٴЦЦӵǲţԳҩζСҲԳ֤ǻζ
ɴɴԴҲЩţ˵ôǾͳˡ
ī룬ҲҩִҪǧѩ«ʲôҩ
ǧԶԶţǧѩҩīǣɫͳȵס
ԼֵҩҲͰˣȻ뺦һѣȫûˣ
ۿīǾҪҩȥǧ붼ûͽвŵķͶ˳ȥ
ʱеĵҩҲŹڵأܿմȾҳѾ޷ˡ
ǧѩŵϵĵҩɫѿǳ
˲ٽĵҩۿܺīǻ͹ϵ˭֪·ȻɳöڣӲеĵҩˣԾڸ԰
ǧѩζ޲ýҳʬΣߺһ˭ƽ޹ʽҩˣ
īȴû⣬ʥŮˣǼöҩؾˣٽұˡ
ӡҡɡɼǧѩеķΡ
ǧѩ䶯ǣŮǵģӵ³Ǯ
īЦ죬޷
ǧһϷܿ󷽷߳ղϰڣ뾹Ȼ䵽˴ˣӦûʲô°ɣ
֪ʵģ
ǧѩɫѿˡ
Ȼ֪׼û¶
ǧѩҧгݣҲ֪ôˣȻᶼװˣֱ£Ȼһ£㾹ȻҸӵµĵҩ˳ȥҲͰˣӵܵʲôţ㵣𣿡
ǧЩīֲֽϻ
īҲǧѩЩСû뵽˺øһ



580 Щҩè

ãôððʧʧģǧѩü񳤱һѵһ䡣
ǧЦЦ⽥䣬ĪˣұͲǧҵˣ񳤱һĿͬ˵ǲЩ̫߿Լˣ
ǧѩɫ䣬浱ԼǸˣ
ǧеɫЦЦġ
ΣµҩѾȫڵأܳˣΣǧѩܲǲɿڡ
˵ҪǮǧ۾ν˵˵ɣЩҩٽңˣС𣿡
ǧѩһɫѿˡ
˵Свɣ
ޱȵʥŮЩССŲϡ
ǧѩ򴽣󷽵˭ϡĽңҲ׷ˣҲҵùûѵҩãҲ⳥ˡ
ˣǾллˡǧ˵ż⣬˵ǸлȴһҲûС
˭ϡĸл
ǧѩһۣ˦ˡ
ܵŭǧȫûܵʲôӰ죬ɫɺܵ
һߣīǾͺǧ
ī֪ǹ⽫ҩɳȥģȻôô׼ŵҩȫˣ
³ç֮ˣҩɿ϶Լ˼īŴ꣬ȴ̲סһ䣬ǧӦòǴɽҩɵģǹİɣ
ǧһЦīҲ͡
Դı飬̾һۣ㾹ǹģ
ɴɴһţһɸֵСһЩȫѧԺ˶֪¶𣿡
Դ̽סʶȤû˵
ΪҪī°ͣһ²⣬ѲɣЩҩ⣿
ǧīһֵۣͦһӾͲ³˵ҩ⣬ǳڻʹлģ̾ǲһ
µòЩҩȷʵ⡣ǧûдЩҩ˲бҪʶˡ
īһ˲㶣Щҩ⡭
īǧһ𾪹̿ʵȻЩҩ⣬ܸЩҩк𣿡
ɴɴԴҲ۰ͰͿǧ
ǧǵĿ⣬ҲӣЩҩһֹŹʣʾйƻ˶ܣҲ˵ǳһԺͻԵڶţţͣ˾ͻܡ
һɫ˲˱䣬ϾȻʣ
ûгԣ
µؿڣǧʱ˫˲û
ǧ㼰ʱ֣ȻͲˡɴɴֳ˳ǧ°ڣЩδ
Դ̿ˮЩҩǧѩǵģ뺦ǰɣ
īһůɫ˫˲˳ǧѩޱȣ
ǧȻЩϲǧѩͦԭģ룬ǧѩ֪ҿȻǳ˵ҩѾõҩΪóԣŸ
˵ɫŻࡣ
񫣬ΣЩī̲סһ䡣
ǧҡҡͷⵤҩʵڲ̫ãǧˣҪסЩҩǴƽ¥۳ģطǧ̤룡
ԣæͷ
ǳɵˣŻԼЦȻѾ֪Щҩ׵ǻȥԣ
ǵͷ֤ǧŰ˼֣ȻѾ֪ɫҲˣҾȻȥˡ
ī豾סģɼѾԶ򴽱ʲôû˵ˡ
ܿǧͻصסС
һȥǧͷԨ뷿еĵƻţͶڴϵӰҡҷȴҲ˳Ԩ뻹ġʢ
ǧͷվһصС
ۼɫ;ȥռһѾܽ뱦ˡ
ǰֻ㱦ǻѾ߽׻ϵ߲㱦ˡ߲Ũһ̣ղ
ǧҪʼڶ߽лţСѾͷ¥зһöҪҪ
Ȼкö
ǧϲس¥ڿһִۣ˴Ϊտȫûκαļºɣɿüۣʵܸܵкö
һۣ㲻űã
ǧ࣬Ҳ˼֣㣬Щʲôö
üţЦٱQտطңط϶ĳأҵ˻أöˡ
ǧһΧѰûͷһģ͹Ķ



581 ʧ䷽

ǻ𣿡ûóȻȥһʲôԾɾˡ
һ˷ܵشԶԶԣأСѾͷЩȥȥ֮ñˣ
˷ܵǧҲ̲סڰ˻ء
һɲǣǰǿǽҲϲ
ǧˣⲻζȥݰɣ
֪ĹǣæǿڵޱȣͱҲ̫С˰ɣ
ǧųһݾͺá
Ҳ֪˶ãǽͻȻһӣǧɵʱ򣬴кһɫĳ롣
ôģǿһ۾;װĿ϶ǷƷ
ǧ²ܲž챦ȴ̲סûн򿪣ȲˣСѾͷĥˣЩ򿪰ɣûκΣգСġ
ǧֱӽˡ
򿪵˲䣬һֶ
ɢǧſĶ
ֻһŷƵֽѾܾԶˣȴûκαƻĺۼֽҲֽͨ
ǧ˲ͷдЩʲô
öֽܼܲʲô죬СѾͷЩֽչþ϶ʲôö
˵϶ǧ˫ҲУֽֽŴ򿪣дһ䷽Ӧĳҩ䷽
ǧɨ˼ۣܿͷⵤҩ䷽Щδġ
ʲô䷽Щǧ˼ֹۣ
䷽һɨ鲻ɱüСѾͷǼ񵽱ˣ䷽Ǵ½ʧѾõϴ赤䷽ǽⵤҩƳҲǼкôġ
ǧҲ΢΢˾
ϴ赤ŶҩͼȻмأʧ䷽ʲôĸû£Ȼ幦ЧȴǼص
Ҫ˵ϴ赤ҲģԺܽڵĶȫžһžͺñһ㣬еĸҲı䣬Щƿ߸ǰδеĺôֻҪôһСŹ
ϴ赤ЧȻôãҲ൱鷳㵤ҩ䷽ϣƳҲܶࡣ
䷽Ѿʧϴ赤ǳΪ˴˵֮Ǳ֪䷽ָɱ˶ᱦˡ
ǧе䷽ôɵ䷽˵ȥպƳϴ赤ԸԾͳˡ
ǿռ䣬澹Ȼĺñǧŵҩ䷽⣬Ȼ䷽֣ҾԿܲƳϴ赤
һסϴ赤ΪӣҪԣ
ǧνʼ磬ҩˣѲҿţ
һưɣƲɱޱӡ
ǧһǻֿޱӵ
׼ʼҩͻȻϴ赤ҩռﶼУǴժģҲб͵ģҵȼ͡
ǧöϴ赤䷽ʧȻҩݿɵñΪҩݣ϶ҪѺܶңн˻һ
ǧңȴ˿ҵ
ٴҩݣַ죬ۻҡ
ûãǧһԶҩݶ뵤¯У󾫴ðŵ¯
ϴ赤ƣǧ˿ҵǴʮ־
۰ͰͿţЩӣҩݵַ죬ѲƳϴ赤
ϴ赤ʧѾõϴ赤ʲôײ˺ðɣֻĽҩʦѣӦòƳϴ赤ɣ
ô̬ӦƳɣҲ볢ϴ赤ζ
õԲ˫ǧ´Щʲô
ǧרҩȫ֪ЩʲôҲ֪˶ãоȻһŨĵҩζ
˿˿ƵҩζǣýŵĸβŨĵҩζѲСѾͷܽʧѾõϴ赤Ƴ
̲ס˴צӣСģЩڴЩ
ǧȫ֪¶ôı飬ҩΪ䷽ʧԵʣС³һ
Ҳ֪˶ãҩζŨˣټĻ汾;ޱȣһ߽׵ģӸ°빦
ɢҩζøŹӡ
ܿ죬ɣ
ǧߣ۾ʱ˫磬ͬ顣
Լָ⣬ͷЩ
Ȼûн¯Ӵ򿪣֪ϴ赤Ƴɹˣҹζ֪ȼ϶ͣ



582 ϴ跥

ʱѾȲ¯Ӵ򿪣һ򿪣һƱ
ҩζŨˣ͸װױ̣ڿͷĶǡ
þȵ죬ЩԼ۾ˡ
찡ʲô澹Ȼнϴ赤Ʒʶһ١
Ҫ֪ϴ赤ƣƳһͽףƷʮϵϴ赤㹻ţˣƫƫ̬һƾƳţȼ߲˵Ʒʶﵽ˼¡
Щ֪ƶҪѪˡ
ǧɫԣգգ۾ʵʲô飬ѲƵϴ赤ԣ
ðһۣǲԣ̫Ʒʾܵ˾š
Ƶϴ赤ܺáнףƷһ٣һ¯ţҪ̫ð
ǧɵؿһۣܾӾЩҲ֪ôˣôģѲҵϴ赤Ĳã
ʵǧҲЩ⣬ƳĵҩнףҪ߽׻Щѡ
÷˸ۣ޺޵ǫˣǸ̬ҪƼٴεĶһξƳˣһôãҪ˴ģ
ǧЦüӾڼ츳˵ġ
ǧЩЦ
еϴ赤һЧ
ĻϵħȲƣϵħһЩƿܳƣž׷ϻϵħˡ
ǧԥֱӽϴ赤С
üϴ赤¶ˣæǿੲСѾͷôͽϴ赤ȥˣ
ϴ赤Ժǧδокβʣüʵôϴ赤ֱӳ𣿡
ÿһۣЩԥҪҪ˵ΪԼ뻹̲ס˵ˣϴ赤Ժųܶ඾ʣЩζˣˮнУȻԼҲᱻѬġ
ǧһ뵽ǰС˵
С˵Ҳᵽϴ赤ʲôģ˹ųغϾȫǺ۹ޱȡ
뵽˴ǧҵ飬˿ռֱľͰװˮ
ˮðǧ·ûüѣ˽ȥŸûã;ЩԾ
ȫȵĺܲûñϸϸʹȫ
ǧľͰԵģԽԽˣȫϿҧһ㣬ϸϸܵʹܲѡ



583 ߽ϵħ

ǧ˫ۣûнг
ʹԼʱڼ۵ιȥˣǿ־֧ţҲûιȥ
ȺʹѾɢȥǧоһºȴǿӣ֪ϴ赤ЧȴЧȻã
ܵ˫ս÷͸ɽģڵĶغʱųʱҲúᡣ
ûãһŵĶɢ
ŵɶǧûѬɶȻɢģ¡
ǧ뽫۾ܵЩ쳣ϵħҪˡ
ҧҧֻɶӣ۾ʼס
ųĳζƮɢĺԶûøڼԨŵˡ
ġŵĳζʶëʷ£üͷҲԾš
ΪΪӶиܵǿ
ϴ跥Ǻ˫һУ뵽һֿܡ
ڷϴ赤˾ڸڡ
Ԩ뿴Ŷѩ׵ǽڣҪڵֻϧû͸۸ڵ֪ڹؼʱڣ
ԨվζŨˣ˴
ǱѧԺŵ
Щ˿϶
Ͼϴ赤ʧѾõĵҩοЧôá
ֵ֪ҩ˼䣬ƻѪȷ磬ҲΣգ
뵽ֿܣԨ˫һУȻ֮ɫ˲˫һһ͸ؼڶֱӽƮɢζ⡣
һ˾Ųζˣ˵ҲΪȫ
ԨŶǧķţȴʼûŽȥؼʱ̣Բġ
ԨԺУһ󷨣Щģ׼ΪǧʲôΣţͱˡ
ʲôûŵҲҲûС
Ԩ벻˿ɼǧûЩģûнȥ´
ԨʱǧѾˡ
ľͰУһֱֱ̧ܿմȾһʣЩζţԼҲŻ
æľͰеˮֻһЩɾģ˽ȥ
ûãͽϵ۹ϴɾˣϴɾ֮ǧϵļױ们˼֣ͬĵףǰ͸
ֱ仯ǧЩľ·߳ľͰǰͭʱֱӾˡ
һֱ֪ԼĳܳڣԴųԺĳ˼֣ˣҲ˼֣˫۾ģˮƽ˼ֳ翡
˵ǰ֮ˣôǣ˼ϵӽһ۲
ǧû뵽ϴ赤ЧãԼı仯ҲǾһ
Ļں桭
ǧܿͷԼ̲ʱᱬһ㣬̽һԼϵħѾס
֪˵ȼ֮ٴξһ¡
߽ס
ϵħȻѾ߽ף
ǧϲؿԼƣôҲû뵽ϴ赤ЧȻãͲųһŶѣȻϵͻϵĵȼͬ˵ҲǶһ̡
££½תţߵſڣ͸ܵͷһɲͬѰϢԺкʲô󷨡
ǧ۾ٶŶ˻
ŸճţͿԨԺУԺҲûд򶷹ĺۼǵϢȴȻš
ĪԨŪģ
ǧɵسһۣʱԨҲĿͶ˹
ɲ֮䣬˵Ŀײһ
ǧ΢΢һԺ޵󷨣ſʵԨ뵼ʦΪҸоԺЩ֣һ󷨣ô£
Ԩƽˣ澹ЩˣҲڽףΪ˷ֹʶ󷨣ġ
ǧһŷģΪǿƣȴû뵽ԨΪ˱µ󷨣ʦܲ
ͷ΢΢һů֮ҲһĨůɫлʦְæ˵ʦղûŵʲôֵζɣ
ղųζܳ治ϣԨŵȻԼûˡ
Ԩһ֪Щʲô㿪˵ûŵʲôζ֪Ӧڽ׶ѡ
ԭˡǧһ뵽ԼˣҲøá



584 ʵսѵ

ˣǧѩȴôá
ǧѩһ뵽ŵҩǱǧģͺ޲ýǷɱˡ
Ҫ֪ЩҩѺܴǮģȴƫƫˣҲΪûеõԽԽҧҧкȻ֮˼ơ
²ܾʹ˽ҹȥҪǷһѵ
ޱȵʥŮǷܹȾָģ
ǧѩƣӺתתʵսѵǷﾹȻɵõ˵һм϶ĳ⡣
Ȼƾһ֮ôܣ
뵽öͿյĿռָǧѩɫ˲ѿ˼֣ռָԵ޹ʱͿգұﲻҲˣֻԳʬҲŲǾ̫Ѱζˡ
ԣµĿ϶ѧԺˣһˡ
ǧѩ򴽣ͻȻӸŵɴ˼֡
Ƿɵİɣ
ǧѩѾ˵Ŀռָ㲻ǧɵģҲŹ
¾ǷﲻʹĺûᡭǧѩüĿһյĽָȾסݴȥ
Ⱦڹϳˮܿ˵ǧѩ
Ⱦ󣬲üͷǧѩ죬Ҳûκν飬˷ǰ֪ν£ͻȻ棬ǿڵɡ
Ÿ䣬һڶ
Ⱦ̧ͼһϮµǧѩ߽
ǧѩƯһϮ¸Ǹ߹󲻷ü֮ĸ߹̬ȴ˿Щ
Ժǧѩ΢΢
Ⱦ̧̧Ƥӣʲôû˵ǧѩĺ󻰡
ǧѩ˲佫յĿռָͳԺѧԺ֮ˣһҪץϳͲ
Ⱦ֪ǧѩ˵Ļ˼£üɤɳƣŶ˵˵ѧԺ˭ˣ׵ģ
ǧѩҧһ¶ʲôѾİ㣬Ż˿ڣԺ֮ǧʵ̫ˡ
û뵽˵Ⱦֱӣкһɫ˵˵εη
ǧѩ̧˵ĻҲǸ߹ޱȣȴװģ˿ᷳʵսѵУǧһˣôش˵СıҲʵ̫ˡ
ȾֻۣҪʵ㹻ܳɹοǧӦǸ߽׻ϵħʦɡ
ϵǸϵ֮ףǿޱȣһҲӱûʲôֵġ
ǧѩȴǲӣҸҿ϶ǧõһ϶ʲô⣬ԺöЯĿռָͿյģǷֻԳ
Ⱦ̽̽ȷеĿռָѾˣǡ
Ѫ˵Ŀռָ޷ͿյģûѪȾͷؿһۣܾġ
ԺѪˡǧѩЩ꣬ղžάֵĸ߹̬ڱǧ˷ǳֶ֣Ҳǳ࣬ܽѪҲΪ档
˵΢ЩȷǷܽѪ
¶˵ˣôĿڣ
Ⱦǧѩ˼
ǧѩЩţָⶼ
ûãȾǿڵǧѩ˵ĻҲֻǲ²ѣңҲû˵ʵսѵϲˣЩСֶΣҵĻ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ǡǧѩ˵ʲôȴȾϡ
ȥɣЩˡȾһǷ޹ǵ˹ϡ
ǧѩвʣԺ
Ⱦɫһȥ
ǧѩһֻ֮һѹ֣ܲסѹŶȴǶȾΪɵ
ᣬû뵽ʵ֮ߡ
ǧѩȻɵЩƾʲôЩҪǷƾʲôǷܼ޸ʦ˫ϵҲͰˣȻѪѪ
ΪµĺԴռˣ
ȾԺ̻Ϊʲô⾿Ϊʲô
ѵΪź
ˣ˴ʦ֣ͼˡǧѩԽԽģк죬ͬɭȻħ
ûãѧԺоʹǧʵսѵף˵ɷ£˲ɲţϢͬһɢܿȫѧԺ˶֪ˡ
Ϣʱǧ׼
΢΢һ٣¶һĨЦݣ˭Ȼʵսѵ¶ţɢЩҥԵˣҲڹ
ǧԼʲôʱôˣȻ̴̵ԣ
ֻЩЦˣСֶôˣʵսѵûй涨ˣСֶΣЩ̫˶ѡ
ңϣ˭֤֤ˣСֶˣ
Щ˼ֱ޴˵ˣ浱ԼǸˣ



585 Ժ

ǧȫģЩЩҥ˭ɢȥģܿԺо͸ֳһӰ
Ӧǧѩɡ
ŸѧԺûѧԺѧǵֻǧѩƣⳡ־Ҳġ
ǣŮˡ
ϴλѩ¶ûҵˣײǹˣ浱ǧǸӣ
ǧ˫һݣһξԲ׷Źǧѩ
ǧϸʱͻȻмѧ˹һ߿ؿڿĳһ㡣
Χһֹ
ȸ½ģֽžȻ㲻ɾʵսѵף
ǣұͦģû뵽Ȼ׵ģġ
̫ˣֲܵõһԭ׵ġ
һЩѧڽһЩֱӽ
ǧʵսѵףѧԺ
ǧѧԺ
ȥȥ
˼䣬мѧȻ˹
ǧһæ˹ȥⶫϻˣ
һأһζƮɢֵסҲޱȡ
ǧŵϵĳٿһ߿ѧǣ۾һ籩
Ͻֱ
ǧ֣ҪһΪϢ
ǣʲôԨ벻֪ʱվǧ࣬ǿϢɫǧܲ˿̺
ǧɵؿԨһۡ
ʦͽϵϾԸ£ԨôҪ
ô˵Щ졭
ЩѧһԨ㶣һ뵽ǸûʲôĵʦôҲˡ
㲻һûĵʦͬǧǱΪ飬ɳ֮¶ΪѧԺԴɣ
ǰΪԴɣ
Ԩ˵ͱǧϣָ⣬Цģ֪ᣬǱΪɣ
ѧһĻ̣һŭĿӣ˫öŤˡ
ǧ˵ǶǺѧôͬһǱΪ飿
ǣˣѧԺЩȥɣʡöۡ
ǧüͷһҲͰˣȻԨ붼ȥˣЩѧҲǷḻȻô˼ĳ
ǱΪ飿
ǺǺˡ̣ԨЩ˾Ȼյϣһǻòͷˡ
ҿ˵㿪ģǿЩһ£ó֤ǧ򴽣˫絶Ļѧ͵ʦǵ𣿡
ѧǺһ㶣֤
֤ݣֻǵ;˵ģ
ѧһȴ½˲٣ѧԺ˶˵νѨض³ǶȻʲô¶
һȺɵȱ
ǧͷһۣˡ
Ԩɫ䣬Ҳ֪ѧԺѧûйأóȻʦס󺰴У뽫Ժҽ̽ǹأ
䣬ϵٴɢܿһ˪ͷ䡣
ѧǼˣ˲ŵ
⵼ʦȻвǣ̫£̫Ʒˡ
ʦ磡ǧΪԨǸƢģȴ£һ
Ԩ봹һۣͷһЦ⣬Ҳ˺㣬㡣
ǧͷһţһ仰Ҳû˵
ԨٴοѧǣɫС
ѧǼһĻŵòҶˣôǿ󣬻һɱģ
˭˵һûĵʦվ֤
ǻԨ꣬е
ѧǼˣŵת뿪
ڲԶֵǧѩǺܿͰƽ鷳յҧꡣ
һȺûõĶŽ˲ʱˡ
ǧѩýָ밵䣬ͼȾߵĵ˹һѸٶ
ͿЩӾԳǧǵס˹ȥȥǧ鷳ġ
뵽ǧ鷳ǧѩع𴽰꣬ܽϳѧԺ
ܿ켸Ӿסǰվ
ǧһۣܿϳȾߵĵӣɫ糣Ʋ侮ʯġ
Ժ£Ԩȿڡ
ӵͷɫ糣ǵģԺǹȥһˡ
ǧתתΪѧԺ¶¶Ū˾֪ȾҲס˰ɡ
ûлش𣬶ʶԨ뿴ȥ



586 ʥŮ

ԨӴĿ⣬Ϳ˵ãǾ͸ȥһˡ
֪ȾΪˣȾһһ
ǧҲҪȥ˼Ԩ˵ͻȻ䴽꣬ǰ·ɡ
תܿͽǴѧԺյش
յشѾ˲ѧһѧǾӵĿ⿴ʦͽˣĿвӣżֱĺֻ
ͷ·Ѿʵǵһ㡣
ǧǣأԽĿͶȾϣԺǹν£
ȾµؿԨһֿۣٽĿͶǧϣλӦҲ˵ѧԺ¶˰ɣ
ǧü֪
޷Ǿ˵ʲôġ
ȾŰյҽֽȫѧԺѧˣȸһĻᣬϾ¶ѾٴȥѧԺá
ȷѧԺáǧڸһ䡣
ԨȴǽȾɫ˳γ壿
Ⱦյشȥ˶ڽ䴦ǧѩһ䣬ЦЩѰζʵ¶ǰҲѧҴС棬ûȴ֪ûѧԺоȻ¶ˣˡ
˴Сˣ
ѧһ׷׾ÿСɢϢ
ǧȾĿ⣬ͬҲЦԺܷǸС֮˳Ҷţ
ȾֳǧѩһۣȻǡԵġ
ǧŵķȥЦøĪ⡣
ôãȾڰ
ǧѩȾĻʶ㣬ȾĿӰΣͶ㲻
ǧѩЩɡȾôǧѩ뿪ϲˣЩ¶ҵģǧһ
ǧѩ֪Լ㲻ȥ
ѧ֪ǧѩС棬ָָ
˵ǧѩǧͬȸ½֮ˣȻͬôС棿
˵Ǻǽá
ǰɣһʲôϷопͷˡ
ǧѩͷĶ˭֪Ⱦ㻵ģˡ
ܿ˸̨֮ϣǧı飬̾ͺ࣬ǧѩС棿
ǧѩǧȥеǳЦǧѩ۾иǶһĨɫƣΣãεʵôشΪ¶޷죬ûв͸ǽ
ǧЦسһۡ
û뵽һ߹ŮȻһһġ
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôܲ˵ǧü޿ֵġ
ǧѩһЦ·Ҫ˺Ƥˣʵսѵף¶ȫѧԺ˶֪ˣ㻹װɵ
ȾµؿţʲôҲû˵
Ԩһֱվǧ࣬ʲôҲüʱ֡
ףǧЦһܷó֤
ǧѩ߹ͳһöյĿռָҵĿռָͷȫ󱦱ֻԳһҹ֮ЩȻȫˣڴڼҾɭͬһ档
ǧüʾ˵ȥȨڿϷˡ
öռָĶ;ԳԵġǧѩտռָĵ˵ȻʵЩش񣿡
ǧһۣٿһĨЦЦĻȣĿռָ϶Ѫİɣ˵˵½ϻ˭ܽѪ
ǧѩû˵
ѧҲ˳˼
Ǵδ˵˭ܽѪûõɣ
ǧֻһͨˣôͣ
ͣѧԺͳȥң˺ðɣ
ѧǷ׷׾ǧѩںѪ
ʡʡɣǵȾԺᣡ
ǧѩѧǶһɵģ˺ݣٴο˵ǧ¶϶ģ˵ԴӴӶ޳ڳһˣ˱ֹ֣ʲôаŶᣬܽѪ¡
ʵҲЩȷ鶼Ѿݶˣôǧ򵥾뿪ˣ
ǧ̾һȫĲ²ѣò֤ݣЩ²޷֤ǺܽѪϵĿռָܱס
ѧʶסϵĿռָһ뵽Ѫô׽⿪ģǱ˿
ڽƱ磡ǧѩ۾еƺԡ
ǧתͷһֱڿϷȾԺ壬ûҲϣУҾǧѩں
ԨԺҲ޷Ѫ⿪İɣ



587 Ǵһ

ˢˢȾ
Ⱦӣ˲ɽ뿴֣˾Ƶ˷˼ϡ
ȾһһٹſڵûҲ޷ѪǧһͨѧҲܽѪ⿪ǧѩʵ̫ǣǿòʵ֤ݣֻⷬ

ǧѩ򴽣ɫüΪѿ
ͷбʲô֤ݣ
ΪЩ֤ݹӲټǧʵսѵϵĹ֣ȾȻɣû뵽ȾȻǧЩѧǻʹ棬
Ⱦǿ˵ǧѩҪˣѧԺݲѧ֮ˣгͷֱ뿪ѧԺɡ
Ҫ뿪ѧԺǧѩ̾ͼˡ
ȸ½ޱȵʥŮص½ȥ
УԲУȻ뿪ѧԺ
ԺûǧŹֵĺܡǧѩЩˣղȫάֺõĸ߹ȫȻ𣬴˿һøֻһ˸ɱôħޣ϶ˣԺѧԺһŷ缫õѧԺǧ֮ѧԺ
ǧۣŮôһҧŲţ
ԺôԨٿȥὫǧѩ
ȾЦЦسһۣЦ¶ֻǧѩһ֮ʣһҧǧˣҪǴһܣ˭Ӯ˭˵е
Ϊ磬˭ȭͷӲ˭
һѧǷ׷׸ߺȻǺϲ
һðϲˣ
Ⱦѧǵı鿴۵ףһ䣬ѧǶͬˣΪͬͬأ
ǧη壬˫ϵħ߽ףͬǧѩ۸СѣԼܼƷ
ȫû⣬֪ǧѩû⡣ǧѩЦЩ
ǧѩеЦ⣬ٿһֲõĸоЦѲ϶ԼӮˣ
ǧѩһ뵽ǰЩӱܵģɫ˼֡
ⳡԣҪҪӦأ
һˣ飿
ǧѩôģȾȥǿеľȴͲɫ
ǧѩָ⣬ǲӦʵԼ
УʥŮԲܱץסСӡҴӦԣӮ˾ʵףԺĴ
ȾһЦȻӮ˵ɡ
ǧѩɫס
⻰ʲô˼ڰʾ
ǧѩҧгݣǧĿǰЩΪԼ̫ˣһ
߽׻ϵΣʱ߽ױϵֱӽס
ǧѩüͶһĨԺЩԿʼɣϾɫѾˡ
ǧһۣͦţ
¶ˣǧѩ˿ĺţԺл˺ܶཫڵصĻ棬Щǧ֪ѡ
Ҷ˿ڳطȾվԭûж
ѧһ̸ڳط
ǧˣЩֵȻѾڳطˣʥŮɡ
ǧѩеķ̣˲˫Ť
ԨÿϵŤ֮ɫüͷҲǳ󣬾Ҳ˭ĵӣ
ǧ֪ԨЩʲôվڿյشЦЦؿǧѩ
ǧѩһ£̧ߵյشǧңңֻһ˲䣬ǧѩͲϵѾˣ쳣·һδʵѪ
ǧѩһ£ȴֺܿȶᳶǣְڳһ߸ϵģǱ㿪ʼɣһǲġ
ǧһۣ¶źƣǧǣ治ˣԼ˫ϵѾ߽ףһ߽ױϵĲ
Щǧѩ֪ɡ
ͳ˪ȣûϵƸһ䣬ΧĿҲŵҲһɫħڡ
ǣϵħ
Χֵѧܵ⣬ɴ˴ֱۣʵͦϵħʦģ˵ϵͦʵãʵ̫ˣǵȼߵıϵֱܽ˶
ǧѩŲѧж䣬еķһӣűѩ·Ҫضᡣ
ǧıѩûжǱѩвɱ
1
ôһɱǸ˶öˣǧȻûһҪ˼Ѳʵ̫Ͷ㲻
ʵͣȡõһ
Ѳ׵ġ
һʱѧǷ׷ײ²⣬˲ء



588 ǱŮ

ǧѩǧûж㣬˲Ц˻һˣ
ǧѩϲʱǧͻȻˣѧָֻһٿһޱȵĻָܡ
һָָϵĻ֮ͽѩڻ˸ɾ
һĻʵھˣǧһоͽѩڻ˸ɾ
Աѩĵȼ͡
ѧǼһˣеֻһڲۣ
߽ױϵȻȼ̫ߣɱоԣһʱҲⲻǧȻֻһоͻˣһ絭ıʵǷĺܡ
ѧǽǧһʱȴֲΣŮз絭ʱ
ۿȻǧ֮һĻϵħʦҲ֪˭һ䣬ѧˢˢǧȥ
ǧ鲻ʵսѵҲûͷмЩ˲֪ǧĵϸô֪ǻϵħʦ
ϵħʦǿ󣬸Ǽѳ֣ѧԺϵħʦҲ֮٣кҲûǧײаɡ
˵ǧƼҵλճС
ƼҵλճС㾫ʾޣǧܱȵģƼҩңƼλճС߽ҩʦһͰǧȥˡ
ƼλճСڱչأʵսѵҲûǧʲôˡ
ѧֹ˵ţܿ˵ʹǧϡ
Ƽң
ҩң
ӹµһת˵ط̸ڣӵĺܣʲôҩЩȤˡ
£ǽǧѩ򵹱ȽҪ
ǧѪ﷨ȡһɲǺ͸żɱˣ׼ֽǧѩ
Ѫ﷨ȱóһ̣ѧǶˡ
ۣʲôȣȥģرĹ졭
ֹѧǣȾɫҲЩ仯Ǳȣ鲻
ôȵģ
ܵ˷ͶĿ⣬ǧȻʱҫȵĻֱֱǧѩϮȥһ϶¡
ǧѩˣЩȻҪսپ
ǧѩҧгݣԲóѣ
ǧѩȥЩ۾һ㣬ܿһƬããĻ֮УǵأԶұ쳣ɳ
ѧǼĻмΣ͸ɫһ䣬ĵ׶ǧһ˿ɵ
Ů̫ײˡ
ѧǼɵʱ򣬺һ֮쳹
顭
ӶʱɽҲвٷ۳ѧǲһĿͶȥʱֱɵˡ
ϾȻһŪüΪǱŮˡ
ѧϸһƣŮǸղŸ߰쳣ǧѩ
һڵһϵɫѱյڣƤ漴¶ϸƻܿһЩԵ˷羰
ǧѩĲڵģһ֮һЩͬѧֱţ֮侹¶֮ɫ
ǧѩѾضȻԣȻֱţȻ߷
ǧѩ㻹ͬҴ𣿡ǧһʵ
еǧѩôܻش
ǧûһýβʵι㻰أ㻹ͬͬҴˣ
ѧǿǧѩߵβ˫˫סԼβһʮ㣬žۣŮ˹ײУ
ǧѩ˵ǧʶʲôգգ۾Щ޹Ȼ˻Թֲ˵ղһŻǲ˼
ô˵ȫûκαǸ֮ɫƽ˼ִЦ⡣
ѧǼˣɷһۡ
Ů˾ǹģ϶֪ǧѩˣʵ̫Ʒˣ
ǧȫ֪ѧЩʲôѪ﷨ռ䣬̧ȾԺѾǧѩܣѧԺʲô¶͸ûϵ˰ɣ
Ⱦһһǧѩ̽˽̧ȥƣȻѾչֳʵѧǵҲôɢˡ
䣬Ⱦѧһۡ
˵ֻһۣѧȴѹʮ㡣
ﻹɣǧһײŮˣ˶оͽǧѩǸ
ƽĶۣǧѩ츳ǲģǧֱӱðײˣ
ѧ뵽˴ɪɪмвٱǧѩˣǺǧа壬³϶ǧѩҡ
ԺǧʵĿãȻ֮ˡ
ԶԶԣ϶ûףЩȫǧѩģ治ʡģ
ǿǧȡõһˣ˵ʲôʥŮҿǶŮ࡭



589 Ƶ

ѧһһ˵ţǧѩ˿̻ڣ϶ᱻð
ǧƽţǺ˼֣ȻˣҺ͵ʦȻȥ𣿡
Ԩ룬ܿ췢ԨҲڿ˫ڣӳչԵø
ǧɴ˴ѸٽĿ˹ȥ
ȻѾ壬ǾͻȥɡȾǧȥѾѪ﷨򴽣ɫ˲ָ˳ɫ
ǧ֪ȾЩʲôߵԨߣʦѾǿЩȥɡ
Ԩ徲á
·ϣǧʱʱԨͶȥ
ԼԨˣ򴽣֮Ҳмֲ֮ɫ
Ԩǿ뷨æǿ˵㲻ؾò֮±ǸᣬѾܻع鵽ԭ
ǧ飬ôԨô󣬾ûһ
ʦ˵ˣЩСֶΣ᲻Һܻǧ˶ָСһ䡣
Ԩһۣе˿ףˣһЩСֶҲ޷ֽϸûй涨ˣСֶΡԣǧѩĿռָǲѪ
û뵽ôʣǧһ㶣֮Ҳһ䱸֡
ѪܣǱ֪ضһѪȷ硣
Ԩ뿴еĽ䱸֮ɫҲ֪Լǲ¶ˣǧۣͻȻϵܺܶ࣬ǵõĳֻԵ
ֻԵ֪Ȼ֮ء
뵽˴ԨһݣҲǸΪԺ鲻Ҫǰ˵ˣǱ㽫鷳
ǧüһʲôû˵ԨԼųġ
ݺݵԨ뼸ۣ˻
Ԩûٿһۣǰͷ
ǧں棬˺ܿͻصסСԨص˷УҲص˷Уһȥͼٻ˳
شһǷбóν°
ǧֵ˵ĶͷҪȥ¡
һۣ֮ЩԸÿǺæģһЩ꣬Ҳǲԡ
һֻ̰ĵӾ
ǧ̾һſ˵ԺԶһЩħ޾ʯ͵ҩ
۾һЦЩɽ
ǧЩ˵Ҫȥǧѩһһ쳣Щҡ
תתӣϲӱˣ˳㻹ܵõһЩϢͷ˲һûӰ
ǧ뿪ķ˫
ǧѩܣһƣǧѩ϶ŹԼû裬ɲŹԼ罫飬΢ûˣ͵붼úܲ
ǧǽ𣬷Ҳһ֮ˡ
Դǧѩܣ׵ĴԾͬһɢȥˡ
ЩǧüΪģÿնȥɱħޣҲɼ˲ҩݣСӹòҪ̫
ǳϴ赤Եʣʶﵽ˼ޣÿÿˣɾûнףҲǷȱҪʵսٴνס
ǧҲµʵѧԺٮٮߣټϵħʦȱ˶һϵҲͶһ̡
ǧɭɱħ޵ʱڴǧѩˡ
һڴͷٿ뵽ǰԼǱģɫͱ༸֡
ǸﾹȻ
ǧѩָ⣬ܷŭȴֺܿǣͻȻоǷǿ˺ܶ࣬ʱǷӲ࣬ǰǷﾹȻоͽŪģ
֪ǧѩɾ
Ƿ߽׾ٸȥԼǻᱻ˦Զ
ǧѩ͵ؽɴҲһɫӣ֪ˣӦýǷɱҡУչȥ
ǧѩǽһڰϧȴЩ޿κΡ
·ŶܿͷѧԺ˿ЩԣŮѧг̺ͳѧǴѺ̰ͷ·Ҫǹһ
ǧѩͷһﵽ׷ʲô
ΪҪôԼ
һǷɵģ
ǧѩҧгݣ뵽Լǰģںһ֮ɫԲǷù
ǧѩ˫֣ٿɭֵķȥ
֪Ƿһֱɭ
ǧ˿̻֪ǧѩ˼ɱһֻ˽ħޣͷħֻƤҰٶͦͦã˺ôһŽҰնɱ
˽ħԴнħ޾ˣҰľǺɫģźڱʯһ㣬ɢŹâ



590 Ǯ

ǧħ޾˶ռ䣬ܿͲ⾧ѾԵˡ
ɴڳɳڣҪڻҪЩӡ
ǧҪɭʱְһĿڶǵĿ⣬·Ҫһ㡣
ǣǧѩˣ
ǧ͵ûһɭš
ڰǧѩһֱɭ֣ûȥ
ĨʧǧŻͷԶȥΪʥŮжֻɭΧѣͲҸȥˣ
˺ÿɭǧܻһӰΣڹ۲ʲôһ
ǧصУëãʵЩһֱڸǧѩʲô𣿡
ÿǧԲĴ۾гЦ⣬Щһֱڸ㣬ƺʲôıұû˲ٽң͵͵ȥߵĺУ˵ʲôУǮɱ˵֮ͽҲǳࡣ
ǧһ˼˵ǧѩҵ
Ӧǡϣ΢ЩƵ߻ӵģ˲٣òȥ
ܲǧëɲͨӣһ׽ȥˣҲ֪ʲô鷳
öų䣬һģ
ǧָ˵ǧѩʲô뷨Ҵ֪ˣҲٸˣڿռ׼һЩҩħ޾ˣȥʱԳš
þһٽռ䡣
Ժǧɫһ䣬ͬɽѩ
ǧѩǿ𣬾ȻҲÿЩ֮ͽˡ
ȻѾ֪ǧѩ뷨˵ӦڼҶһ㣬ǧһˣҪȥЩ֮ͽ
˳ûʲôֵǮĶ
ôһ룬ǧ²ɭС
յɭָⰲȻûУ㰲ضѰܿǧڿᵽһɲһϢ
һɣɱѪϢ񱻶߶һ㣬˻ǲ
ǧһˣ˵ѪӣϢϤģôẦ£
ǧûһǰţܸӦӦʮˣ߽ħʦˣ˾Ȼǰ˽׵ħʦ
ǧѩ濴ô֣Ȼ˲ٽҰɡ
Ҫǰʱһкƿշֱֱǰͷ
ǧʶ½Ųȴûκξ֮ɫ
ʱֻáಡʮ֮ͽӴǽ׺֮ˣѪŨأҲЩˡ
ǧԴǣȴʼû˵
֮ͽǾˣͷЦǧǰɣ
ǧ촽һǡ
֮ͽǲϴţŮ˳òһƯϵһܴһϮذ£͡
Ů֪ڴϻģ
֮ͽǽǧͺ޲ýˣ˻ǮǼòܽźˣǾͿһ˵Σ
ǧһ֮ɫǻǴɣǲźˡ
ֻɱˡ
ǧһݣǰʮˣڿһ
֮ͽǼţ׷ױɫСˣƲԳԷƣǼ֪ʲô
ǧϵСֲǣһĨаĻȣŶʵˣҿǾı¡
֮ͽǼţ޲ýһһ˺ãǼϣŮ˳ͷͷš
Щ֮ͽƽһֱɱ˶ᱦĹҺϲСϲΣʱĵģǾȻһӲӣôżֱҳ飡
֮ͽǺͳȣһɲǼͷ׵ħǽ
ǧһۣһ
СѿסǧСѿ˵׵ڼ䣬СѿҲˣϳ˲ҶӣҲֿܷ
Щܽ˲סҼ쳣ǼҲǿϵġ
֮ͽʱСѿչֻƿնȥЩ֮ͽ㲻ܿͱС
֮ͽǲȴЩޱȣôѶѲ
ۿʲô
ôѲϡ
ܷסǵħħʹˡ
Ҳǡ
һл£֮ͽɫ˲Ұܣħʦħһ㣬òħǾ͸ͨ졣
ˣʲôϷ
ˣЩǷſȻǾҪ



591 ǸŮ

ǧţ˲úЦޱȣѾǵϵˣв˭ǵĵӣ
Ȱǻǿ˵ѾǽҪζԴǣǶ޷ǧһתںһɫҿŶԡ
ƣ֮ͽǺס
군ӵȷǵϵɡ
㣬ҪΣ
嶯л˵㽫ǷˣǱ֤ɱ㣬㿴Σ
ǧĿһƳ絶ûиʸ񣬿˵˭ɱҵģ
֮ͽǲ͸¶ʲôǵϵĹأܽ˵Ȼڵϻ죿
ǧüĿһҲȥ졭
֮ͽͷһʲô˼
ҵĺޣ˵˭ģұǲǧ˵һ顣
֮ͽûн͸¶
ǧһʮСѣһСʲôӶǲпöѡ
ǽŹֶŪŮ˾ˡ
ǧ֪ЩʲôƣüһԵСѿ߽ħʦʳˡ
Դ֮ͽһζͻ֮ء
Сѿһ˷ܵزСҶӣͻȻһСֱӲ߽ħʦĲ֮ڣħʦֻЩģòԾʲôҪһ
ʣµİ֮ͽ֪ǧʲôǾ仰ʱǽͰͶ߽ħʦɼã͸ȷǧڰϻʵֻûõСѡ
ʲôʳﰡ㲻һпõŮ˰ˣǲһǼ㲻
ǣʶİѸǼſȻһˡ
ǧЦЦؿǣҪ˵ɵأ֪أ
߽ħʦѪ챻ˣǾյģΣʶûУúʧܡ
ѾˣȷҽǧŮ֮к
֮ͽ׷׳ȥǽԭء
ɫҰףȫûһѪɫȫ¶ǸɰͰһƬһ߱Ѫĸʬ
ܿ죬ΪһĻˣ߸ʬ˲䱻绯Сֱʧֻһ·
ˣסˣв˾֮ɫ
ÿֲǵʲô
ô˵Ѫɣ
⡭ʵֲ̫ˡ
Ͼδı飬ǧЦЦѾ֪ˣ˵˵˭Ҫҵǻල˭ҾСѿ˵Ѫǻǲ˵ҾֻܽȫŪˡ
һ̣ǲʶⲻС򣬶һŮħͷ
һǻҪӵŮħͷ֪ˣǾͲŵˡ
˵˵һµŮӡ
úƯҺܸ߹󣬵ȼҲ͡
ǧ
ǧ۾ǧģǽǧѩ𣿡
֮ͽǷ׷׸ͣԶԶԣ֡
֪ǧѩֻǲ²⣬õȷ𰸣ǧ治׼װױŮҪԼʵǷѵ
֮ͽǽؿǧͲˣѾ˵ǷӦأ
ǧЦЦؿţҺʱ˵ҪŹˣ
ʲô
ԣһ
⻰ʲô˼Ѳ뽫ȫɱ
㲻ǶѾʵ˵ˣ㲻ԶŰ
ǣ˿ɲ
ߴߴǧ˲ķңǺʱ˵˵ʵҾͽǷˣⲻһԸ뷨ѡ
û˵
õ֪ɪɪǸȾͱǧ˹ȥֲɵŲַŻɽ£ǷǣԺ鷳ܶ࣬罫ȫɱˡ
ǧһݣɱģСѿֵĲЩ˾ȫʳˡ
Сѿ켫ˣлл
СǾޱһ˲䲻ˣˣҲҪԣҪԡ
ǧҲЩСѿˣҲСǾޱˣСǾޱҪԱ԰ɡ
ܿ˾ͱɾСѿСǾޱ㣬ֻһâֲǧϡ
ǧŵϵļ·ͻȻ·ϻöռָҫ⣬ǧռָʰַһѻ𽫼·յ
һ֮ǧ֡
ûһۼʱûȥˡ



592 ȥɻ¶

صסݣǧûпԨ룬üֱӻص˷䡣
ղŵõöռָҲ֪ЩʲôñȲͽָȡýѪˡ
ǧʶ̽룬ͦڴģһ̽̾ʧˡ
Ϊǲʲôöû뵽֮ͽأû磡
ǧָеĶȡֻһЩҺһͽħ޾ˣöˣЩۻɫһҲ벻ۡ
ǧЩһԶռУ˳ҲöռָȥˣЩйƾöռֵָǮʱȥٽҡ
ʱǧѩڽĵϢ
һǧǷɳȥҲǾ֣ǷѾ촦˰ɣ
ǧѩ򴽰꣬ͷ΢еϲɽȴЩģôЩֻδϢѲǷʲôʣ
ܣ
ǧ˫ϵҲܴùʮ֣
ǧѩʵסˣʹȥǷסŸһߵסͻȻԭأһ˫۾Ҳɵϴ
죬ǷﾹվţҲûκ˵ĺۼɸɾװס
ô£
Щûн
˵Ѿǧˣ
ǧѩϲ²ţԼѾ¶˶û֡
ǧѩʲôǧЦЦؿһĨȣ뵽סαعģ
ǧ֪ǧѩȥģͻȻ˵֪ǧѩϢڸ˾ʲôϷ
˭֪Լ񿴼һΪԼˣԼãҪʧˡ
ӴЦЦĿ⣬ǧѩҧץС͵һ쳣ȶŻ߳ǹֻ·öѡ
ΪҪأǧ֪ʡ
ǧѩһתЦݸ߹󣬡ǰЩ˵ˣôڷ˼⣬ʲôװʧˣòҪҡ
鶼ѾȥˣȻ㡣ǧϴţһ٣Ż˵ҼɫãǲǰЩӴ̫ˣ
ǧѩҪѪ
ֹأ
ǧѩ뵽ǰ裬ɫЩ࣬һжﺦģΪû
Ϊʲô
ǧϵɫͷ˼֣뵽ЩһֱҲڴСžţȫʲôöҧأ
һЦ취УŲǸһѵƾͻͣˡ
ǧѩԭ£ȥ¥һٰɡǧһ˵ȻޱȣǾ鷳Ǳ㲻˰ɡ
⡭ǧѩɵؿһۣͻȻ˵ȥ¥Ⱦƣڴʲôɣ
ǧѩ򴽽ǣ΢Щţһ뵽¥˶ӣȻԼΣһǧѩĵ˲ʹ˼֡
ǺãΪ˱Ǹ⣬Ҿȥ¥һ١ǧѩ۾Ҫڸʲô
ǧЦζͶڽɣΣ
ǧѩͬЦӲͣתţͷĳƣãͶڽھȥᡣ
ǧѩǧ̳ȥͬ˵Լȥ¥Цòޱȣĳֵȴôڲסġ
ǧصסݣֱӽٻӣûʲôԻҩ䷽ǳº˲þһ˿һ˵Իҩ
һתһ뵽Ҫȥ£ͱֵĺ˷ܣֶõȻˣҪЩϡ
ñ˼ζݵ֣ǧСѿСǾޱȥңûض顣
ÿЩСԻҩԻҩҩЧܰġ
ǧһһöɫĵҩӣͬϴεҩһûȼͳ𣿡
õȻ
ۿɫǧ˼·ͱȥɻ¶
ҹЩ䣬¥ȴǵƻַͨǷǧһ¥͸оһȶҪһᣬǰڡ
¥еĸЧãǸڵҲǧѩûû÷¶
ǧֱӷ֩һݷͷٽԻҩȼӴж˽ȥһɲǣԻҩζᡣ
ʱһ𡭡
ǧæϣ־ĵݷͷ
ܿһ𣬡ͷʲôζź㡣



593 ǧѩ

ǧӲתתŵ᷿ڵζѾУϾĶǷƷֻҪȾһ㣬ǴҲܲ
ǧڴһŻصڵİᡣ
ü˫˲ˣڰˣ
ѾԻҩ˽ȥǧÿ£ΪԼһˮѾˡ
϶ˣԻҩֻҪմȾһ㣬ܷЧ
ǧһҲһЦ⡣
ûãڰһǧöһۣ˲ЦЩ
ǲµûӦǧѩǶѾ룬ϷҲõǳˣǧöãһ߳ϵʳһŸڵĶ
ڵĸЧǳһһҲýζ
û뵽õԻҩĲ˫˫Իҩ֮󣬶ԷԼҪƵˣ涼ЩС˼ȴŵϣģƺѰһ֡
ǧǵ̸һţֻ÷˼
ǵĻȻͦͷԾԣʹڸڣǧܸоһֽŵѹȸг
һҧùѹСģȴʮևNɪ
ǧһۣʲôû˵
ɇNɪȴѹúܵ͡
ûãھһ̶ǲˡ
ǧ£ڰкһЦţӣ˭ˣ
ӹµһתɫȫС˼ӦǧѩɣϾȣǧѩʵƲɴˡ
ǧЦܸоеǧѩ
ָŲͷ໵ͺģ㲻Ϊеǧѩɣ
ڰᴫĹǧĪһЦҪ֪˭ˣ͸ҳȥƣ֪𣿡
һת˲棬ǿЩȥơ
ڰû˶һһС˳ȥŸһȥ㿴ǧѩ¥ݡ
ƻ֮£ǧѩ˫΢죬Щ⣬˫ȫһ˯ģ
ǧ°ͣ˫ǧѩϴš
˵ǧѩֻ⣬ڻԲѰɣǧü뵽ʲôһ㣬ͻȻĿͶϡ
ǧѩĻԲѣƺѲϵ
ǧϣЩ˷ܵҽ໣û뵽ȻǧѩˣûΪǧѩı»ῴļƻ뾹ûá
΢΢һ˫۾ҲȫǱɫ
ʱѾǧѩȥˡ
ڼ䣬һֱС±˷֡
ǧСһ˫۾ЦڶȻ뽫ǧѩλصˣǧѩܿЩѹŻѣѲɾ˼ˡ
ҪǧѩȥǱˣ˵᲻ᱻô˴צӣЦЩ
ǧ֪۵飬˴꣬˭֪أһоͿ컯ˡ
˵ţ۾ǧѩˣûҪѾ御ˡ
СѾͷǿЩȥ򴽽ǣ
ǧ˵õԴѭټ˹ȥ
ûãһһþһС
Сͨƽ¥ıؾ֮·ޱȣ˼
ǧ㲻»â³ؽǧѩϣŻһ㡣
ͦҡǧĦ°ͣɸ̾һ䡣
Цһϴΰ˼Ҵƨ˼ҵ⣬˼Ȼˡ
ǧνʼ磬ǧѩңҾֻĬĬףˡ
˵ţȥ
Щ˵ֹһ䣬ôˣȥ𣿡
ǧºһ٣ȥ
æͷȥ
ǧûʲôȤô˵Ҳ˲£ͺλǺҲֳɵĻǰɲܰװ״ˡ
ǿȥƣ˳̽̽λ˵ĵסǧ˵ţͱȥƽ¥ķ
䴽ͻȻ˷ܡ
ƽ¥ǧ˷ܣֱӽϵϢˣñ˷֡
ܿ죬㿴ͣһƫԺſڣ⴦ƫԺõļΪ谵ɭĹլ·ʱضʲôŹֶŶ
ǧˣ۾
λ˵ǹŹ֣ôɭƫԺҲסȥ˵ϲֵ



594 ϵа֮

вɣȻסֵط֣̲ס˴Լë
ǧૣƣ˼ʲôðɡ
̿ˮȫ֮ɫ
һһ²ţͻȻһ
漴һɳƵںҹ쳹˺ƺҹͽһĨҹν£
ϵǧѩڵϣˣСİһɫ˶ͿԺúˡ
˴һۣ㿴Բѵǧѩ˫շۺ͸ͬһ使˳ѣ˾ţֻǻ֮һаӶ
û뵽ضƯ˶򴽽ǣһ˫ڳ˴֮ɫòٶ׼һЩҩ
ƣ˫תת̾ЦˣлˣúðɣСľȥˡ
ṩĵҩֿ׬ңʱֿ˭Ҷ𾴡
Цֿǧѩһ̧ۣ뿪
һ뿪˾ͽǧѩУǧѩɽ˫ȫ֪ΣѾ١
ڷ֮ϣǧŽƬŲһһþ㿴ŵµķ䣬ֻһĨӿͷ
⴦ͷһɭ£мҾߵɫǺɫģΨȼյ΢մȾһЩɫҲΪһĨ
˵ʲôΪϲɭɭķ䣿ſˮܾëⷿŴգҲδôϲڰ
ǧ۾ҲЩ֡
һ˶ͦϲ⣬ȴϲ
ǸںڰˣһնСΪϡ
ţǧֳ¿˼ۣϵҲǺɫģۿ󣬽ȫˣϻһŹŹߣһŪƲǺģ
ǧЩ˵üʵ϶ʲôܡ
ͻȻ˼
ǧЩɻؿһۣʵӣôˣ
ƿ죬ѹŵһа֮Ȼʲôˡ
ǧ۾а֮
ٴγ죬ûа֮Ҳ˼Ϊ
ǧٴνĿͶϣö˵ϵϢŹ֣Ͳʲôöˡ
ʱѾǧѩƵڴϣ½ҲЩ΢΢
һһñټȥʱͻȻĿͶ˹Ҳ֪⻹⡭
ǧ˽ĿͶٿ㶡
ѲɣѾˣ
ѾϢˡ
ǧɫõͶ㵽һߣûŪš
£˿һͿٽĿ˻ȥոͻȻܵ͵תһ룬˭͵
˴ƣڴϵ˶
ǧѾעתƣ˿ҲûȤٿȥˣǻȥɡ
Щδ򴽽ǣʲôѾҪȥ㿴ǧѩ·Ѿһˣǲټȥ𣿡
ǧһ֪ȴû뵽Ȼô
뿴ֳݣ
ǧһѽñڻУȫĻᣬʲôÿģһλ˷ǣָץɺӡ
һвþҳԱã
ǧһۣʲôû˵ֱӽߡ
û˵Щʲôȴ˫У㶣һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ãܿͻصԺС
صԺɫѾˣΪ˲Ԩصط˽Ųɸ߼ͿһӰӳںڰУ˳裬һ˫۾ӳںڰУ˸һĨĲơ
ǧһĨӰŵö˽Ų
ϸƣȷԨԺʱ˿
ֺȻˣʱĻԨӦҪ˯˰ɣôΪλѲǼûлصŵģ
ǧָ⣬ͻȻ뷨һʱˣ
ǸԨ뵼ʦΪڴ˴ȥЪϢ𣿡ǧǰһСһ䡣
ԨӺڰ߳һ˫ޱȣڵ㣬ΪŻ
ǧһ㶣ڵԼ
ҡǧ򴽣ͻȻ֮ЩѲҪ˵ղڶǧѩҸղųų˵㷹΢ڽϹ˹䣬Ծͻˡ
ԨǳǳӦһ纣Ժˣһᵣġ
ǧŴ꣬һʱ֮ͷȻ



595 ˣܺ

ǧæĿڣָֻоǳ֣Ԩֻʦͽϵѣ
͵سԨ뿴һֻۣ˿̵һˡ
Ρ
ѲɣΪƣŻˣ
뵽ܣǧͷһ£ҧ꣬ٱܿԨĿ⣬֪ˣԺҲõʦˡ
ı֤Ԩźࡣ
ǧ촽ǿ˵ʦЩˣȻȥˡ
áԨһֱıӰ
ֱıӰʧã̧Ž뷿䡣
ա
ǧֳЩȥɭһ뵽ԨãӦȥοһ²Ŷԡ
ߵߵߵ
ţȴûκζôһ磬Ԩֳȥˣ
ǧ򴽰꣬뿪һ뵽ϴϿĵҩġĽűôҲŲˡ
Žյķţ̿ˮԨ⣬йء
ڷУø̽ĻᣬǾʹ˴ˣ֪ʱŻлᣬǧҧ˫ǵвеĺ棬Ŷˡ
쳣һɺܺŵŻ㡣
ǧܣʱ䲻࣬뾡ҳԨġ
ۿһԵǵԨ뽫ĳУȹǰͻȻĳ룬һüͷȴ
Ȼˣɶ񡭡
ǧתתȴͻȻаЦǰɱعôһССҲס
һֱӴӿռȡһ֧Σβ֮УҲ֪ģһǡڶ
ǧ˫һȦȦΣŶˡ
ⲻǿ
ǧ򿪣ܿҵǱⱾ˵Ϥͷ·һ㡣
һۣȲͽһۣͻȻеһϢ˫ҲŵԲ˼֡
ǧǰָͬʱ˫Ҳƽ˼ֲš
ּϵãͷεĺ񡭡
ԣǺǷεּ˵ԨǷΣαԨ룿
뷨һǧ΢Щң˵òԶͬһ˵Ļʵ̫ˡ
ǧ룬ͷ˼֣Ѳɷ



596 ˣˣ

뷨һǧԽԽпܣͷҲǷʲôҩűɺɫġ
ΪҪ
ǧüͷеǷҲסˣȸ½ʵޱߵĴʦȴͻȻߣתͷĵʦЩԵһֱǷΡ
뵽ЩϲϴķΣͰĹԨ뵼ʦǧЦ
һɫˣ
ǧԽԽҲ˼֡
ЩӻмҪεĽͣȫɢˣǸ쵰
һֱˣֵĴ쵰
ǧҧ˲˼֣ݺݽϣת뿪
ɵʱȴͻȻײһ˫纣ĺС
ǧ͵ؽɴ󣬻вײһԵǡ
ԨԣǷδ쵰
ǧЩңһ뵽ݣɫ̾ͺ˼֣еĻҲŭʲôʱģΪ·ûһ
βɫسȥܿ㿴Ƿݱ˷ĹĿջأҵķ䣬Ȼʱضܽôأ뵼ʦ䣬ν£
ǧüۣһѾʶˣȻڵʦӣιǼƷ
㣬뾹Ȼһöü˵
βŲңɫƽǺκö
ƽǧʹ죬Īֻһˣһ㣬ϲŭ֡
ǧҧгݣϻֱ̯ƣ֪ǷΣװˣ
ϲûκλ֮ɫ·Ѿ֪ԼᱻʶƣֽϵƤȡ£һɲǣϤҿӳǧС
ǧ˴󷽳ϣеŭɫ˼֡
ʶƾô󷽾ͳˣһҵı鶼ûУν
ǧ˫ǻڵŭɫ˲䱬ΣҵСˣû뵽㾹͵͵òһֱǻݼ治
νʲôû˵
ô˵ǧ˫һᣬԴϬˣú˼𣿷Σһֱ˰û뵽㾹㼫Ʒһֱ켣ˣңôұˣתܿģ˼
ÿ˵һ仰εɫͳ˼֣󣬾ǳ
ǧ˵˵ţǺۿҲ֪ǱãģΣ㡭
˵ᣬһǿ˿ڣûҪˣ㡣
ǧɫ䣬ɿɨһۣʲôû˵
ƿһĨ΢죬Һ㡭㲻ңͱΪԨߣϣܸ
ǧüȻЩš

ȫ󲻳һ˵ӡ
˵򴽣˵ûҪˣ㣬Լݳֻ֣Ϊ̫㣬Ҫѡ
δ˵Ļһ˵еΡ
ǧʹüۣʼû˵ЩʲôҲ֪Щʲô
𣿡߽һһ䡣
ɤأţż˵⣬ʱ³ܸоЩ档
ǧָ⣬ͷɲ˲ʲôʲôʱѧ׽ˣ
𴽽ǣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôξ˵̲סһ𣿡
ɤǧòЩķң͵̧ü֮һĨɫͷĶ磬ȥ˼֡
ʦ㻹Ǳͬ׽ˡǧֵ֮ûκιϵʱң˾Ͱڳһǧģ浱ȦС
һ˵꣬ǧŤͷ뿪䡣
ȻѾݲ𴩣Ҳ޷ƽȥ
˿̣ҪȥȾȾʦ
ǿ뷨ͻȻֱ֣ӿס󣬡ߣҾӦúú̸̸
ǧ͵شޱضֱҾã֮ûʲô̸ıҪԣʦ֡
û֣Ŀִ֣Ǳ̸̸
Щ˵ȻǽԽԽԶⲢϣġ
֣ûʲô̸ġǧɵеִʱٿһ㶣ͷҲЩҡ
㣬ŲţδɾÿĽëţһ˲֮续
ǧ򴽽ǣʲôҲû˵
֪ţʵǰΪģȫģŲţ



597 Ȼй

ǧָһЩɻ󲻶ؿۣ˵ǰΪȫġ
ȻͤзһУһһζô˵ƽȴů쳣ǰտڲԣȴƫƫʱ˵ڣ⵽Ϊʲô
ǧ꣬еһ˳ڲͣб
׸òأ
ǧֳһۣȴһƵĸģ۵׸
˲ȵףֻһڶŪʲôĹ漫Ʒֿɶ񡭡
ǧҧгݣҲ֪ǽε˦ˣʦ˼ǲ˵Щͱ˵Ҵǿġ
򴽣˵Щʲôͱǧϣԣ˵־Ҷţֻ֪Ѿûϵˣҵ
䣬ǧü룬Ҳ⣬ֻͷޱȡ
üӹѵ֮ˣɴʱ˿Ҫɱˡ
ǧһۣת뿪
һǷޣôûйϵɤͳɫҲЩѿѻ˵ǲߵġ
䣬ٴνסûһҪſ˼
ǧüͷšǰӲ֪ξȻ˲ˡ
˼ۣȻûģƿ촽ͺһ㣬Σ㲻ҪŪ˵ʲô룬˵ʲôȫǹƨѾԹһοҲˣִΪǻǷޣҲٶЩһ㡣
ͫһһĨҰѻ˵ɺã
ǧͲĻˣģҲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôڲҲټ㣬Ϊʵ㡭
šüͷ˫ȴǸΪק
ǧֱϿڡ
ֱ۱Ͱ𪣬ȴǶһɫץۡ
ǧͫһΣµԽ˼֣ûз
˾֮ʱһ۵ֽӷƮ䡣
ǧ΢΢һ٣ֻֽм죬Ȼͣ¶뽫ֽ
Ҳڵϵֽһֽ
ǧˣɳȵ㲻Ҽ񣡡
ָһԹûм
ǧƵĳһֽۣ𣬵ֽʱԸоֽĲͬ
Ƿǰֽ̽
˵ֽ̽滭ʲôдʲô档
ǰʹΣֽ̽ϻʲôдʲôֳĬûлشֽ̽ٴγ֣񿴵һЩīĺۼ
ǧȻһѲɣѾ滭»д¶ˣ
ҪľǺ
ǧɬĴ꣬һʱЩ棬ȴֲҴ򿪣»ġ
룬ֱӽֽ̽λУ㡣
Ħֽ̽棬üͷһ壬㲻𣿡
ǧüװһû˵ģʲôÿģǴʦĶ޹أ𣿡
ȻйءκǿӲؽֽ̽ǧС
йأ
Ϊʲôйأ
ǧЩɵشеֽ̽һ˲֮úޱȡ
ſˮǵֵסֱӽֽ̽չˡ
ǧû׼ֽ̽ϻŵĶʱֱԭء
ֽ澹ȻһŮˣһһɫˣһϮɫֻǾվűǧ̲ס࿴ۡ
ǧë˫ýһ
ֻһۣϳŮ˾ȻԼ
ԣҪԼ
ǧģһʱζӣ֪ε˼Ҳ֪Ǻ˼
μþò̲סʵ滭ŵʲô𣿡
ϣǧʶ˵ͷˡ
滭ŵģ㡣ƿɤһ˿
еı仯ǧĶʵΪʲô滭ܶණȴΪζҪң
ζţǰӡǾǱұΪҺ㣬㲻ڣΨж˼ˡϧȫ
ֱӵĻǧǵһ˵ͷٴοһ£ͷ·ʲôѾѿͻȻ֮
ΪʲôҪңǧȻ̧ĺţ´Щʲô
ۣü۲嵭һĨӣ˵ܲͬһ뿪ҵʹ
˵ţָָĿڵĵط˫֮һƹ˸˸ֻһ۱˷ǳ



598 ҧҧ

ǧؿڵĵطֽĿ⻺ƣֱ۲֮С
˫ڲңԶ룬ͨһ˼ֺÿɫǷɫ飬ٴͣ
ĻʹǧʶָĿڡ
ĺʹף
ǧ򴽣΢ЩңΪλʹ
붼û룬ѿڶҪ
ǧеɫȴԼֻЩЩ̣ǰĶģҳҲģûԵ˼
ҡҡͷûԵ˼ЩǳģҲǰӽΪѪѪɵѾҪˣΪ㣬ֻΪ㡣
ǧŴ꣬еһҲڴʱȫ߽⡣
֪ԼɵһӾͱη
ɶ˵ĺҪ
ǧӣۿҲЩġ
ҵʱʹ㣬Ϊʲô˵
ΪӽңֻΪѪѪΪ£ֻһЩƭҵļѡ
Ϊʲô㵱ʱ˵˵ģҵҲôʹ
ǧһеĿɬʹ̱Բ˫ĿͼȥЩˮͷһ㣬һһεĵͣЪ
Ƕˣ
ʣҲܣǰ뽫µĨȥ
ǧˣֱӽ£йʲôһЩݺݣңڻЩ㡣
ĺͯһ㣬̾˿Ҳ˵㵱ʱͷϣ˵ĻᣬұһԴǵˡ
㻹ˡǧüһֱޱģ˭֪Щʲô˭֪ģĵˣŪ
ڵӴˣֱӸ˦ɫ
ҲûգЩεҵӱ͹ѵҪξ˵ҿԸġ
ǧ룬˵мֵ
ӵȷѵʱûʲô飬˲ԵĪ⣬ᣡ
ԸģǧüۿеҲ˻ȥ
εԸ⡣
ΪȻԸġ
ǧĿգôߵЦһЦòÿҪͷġ
û˵ʲôϳ˼ǡ
ı鲻࣬ӲЦ⣬ĺó
ǧŴǣЦ
ζȾЦ˫Ϊˣ㿪ʵЦúÿ𣿡
ǧеЦȥЦóˣҪͷźá
ǧз̰ǰһֱӶĲҧȥ
ڶμҧĲӣҧҧǿطԵ
ǧݵҧҪҧ
˭ôô
Щ˵ûô
Ǳ˴˶ܣȫ
ҧ
ܲҧѪȴüͷûһ¡
ǧҧͷ·Щܵίй
ھ֮ʱ˫˫һԵĴϡ
ǧ΢Щ£̲ס̧οһۡ
ˮϸϸܵĲһ䣬ˣ
ǧѾѪĲƵ˵ôΣһ㡭


599 Ҫ

ǧ֪ԼܲãԺУȻֱӽ˷ξ׳֫Ȼ󣬻Ħš
˫һҪ룬ȴ뵽ʲôһֱӽǧſˡ
ϵѹʧǧЩãȻؿ˷һۡ
ôͣˣ
˻
ʲôĹȻ᣿
ǧ򴽣ĿüΪԹ
ζüۣ֪ЩʲôȻڣЩƣСˡ
ʲôС
ǧ¡üͷղűĻ΢һЩ˫Ҳڽָ˵Сʲô˼
֣СţСˡ
ǧ͵ؽɴЩɵؿԼСˣ
һˣţһа
εüĿ֮Ҳ˼ãѪСϲţŸոջϣС
ǧҧס˫һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôźá
ʵ̫ͻȻǰ׹ҲǻвеķӦ
ٴһ㣬ȥҽݼˣҲ޴롭
ǧţͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ŤͷŷΣϴΪҰѹǲ֪һˣ
ε֪ˡ
ʱܸˣҲܼ
ǧļʵΪβң
ô
Щæ͵£᲻ҪӣʵսѵڼҲΪӶġ
ǧ΢΢һ٣εĹҲ޵
ʱѾַǱ֪ӵĴڣҲ֪Լʲôľٶ뵽εĻ쵰᲻ҪҲ˵
ټʵսѵڼĻģʱһͱȥˡ
ǧϸһеŭɫҲˣ˵ò֪ӵĴڣҲ֪Ρ
μ˫˸ͣ̾˿ʵأ벻Ҫӣ
ǧʶŪԼСһ˲ε˫һ
㶣漴ܵһȶӿû뵽Ժ˫־ůһӾͽҲһˡ
ǧָһŵ뽫
β⣬ѸٽסһǣͱůסˣشңڻҪ𣿡
ǧ񣬺ܿʵأҪ𣿡
ƿ꣬ԥҪ
䣬üۼ嵭ƺɢ˼µһ˿˿ͳ磬ڴڴӵĽ١
üۣǧЩ
Ӳ֪ξ¶ı飬ӦҲڴӵĵɡ
ǧҲΪ˺ӵԵʣҲ˼֣Ѿͷ˵ȻҪţϾѪĺӣвҪĵ
̧ǳǳӣҲҪ
νдż־ϲģ
Ȼġǧһۣʦ㵱Ϊʯĳ֮ˣϾҵĺӣã
֪㲻ǡεĴǳǳĻȺܿӳС
ǧǵĻȣһʱ侹Щ
û뵽ҲЦЦþÿڵѩǳǳȴӳ˵Ĺ
ǧãܿ뵽ʲôһæǿʵҹģ
εϰңд֢״Ҳʵսѵú÷ӡ
ǧһҲ뵽ԴԺ쳣ϧʵսѵһգҵ֢״ֳˣǲ
һⵣΣ
ǧ˹ǣõġ
˿ϵĻҲȥ֣ǰڳһޱӡ
ǧۣʵǲ֪ҿ˼ҩӣۣҲȥģ
ϻɺϵ飬һ붨ȻǷιȥģλĻƭȥˡ
ûʲô֪ҩӣҪҾѰ˸ȥˡ
ûǧֺ˲٣ȻҪˣǸضοӲ࣬ɾûˡ
֪˵οһ۱û˵
ǧһۣϻѪŻۣͦѹʵǸҸոҧ㣬𣿡
ȻԼ򴽰꣬Ҳúۡ
ŶǧӦһƳͷֿһͷīɫֻޱȣͷɫģΪλΪɫʲôķ



600 ֱů

ִһƺڷһЩԼƵҩʹͷ˺ɫ
ҩָᱻһ۾ϳϾͷʵ̫ˡ
ǧһ£˫Ҳģǻûȥ𣿡
εȻԣֻҪ˾˱ȥ
ǧ˫˼֣ȥͦġ
βһ˫۾ȴǽơ
ǧЩڣɽͷȥһЩǸ㲻ϲ·ôЩһֱŰ·ε
ŵɤƽһĨɫ˵ҴҲܺÿ
ǧ΢٣ȷ˵ʱ
ָ⣬̲סʵΪ˵ÿʹˣ
ӦһÿޱȣǵģΪúÿ
ԣʹˡ
ǧ򴽣һ仰Ҳû˵
οһۣϻûʲô飬ȴһĨɫԣڻ𣿻𣿡
û뵽ôֱʳǧһ¾ڵ
ʵѾˣҲǺЩĻҲΪͷϲ˵ģѾ˵Ѿˡ
ǲôװ׷ŹΣóһЩΪǺ۸ġ
һءüֻצСèһͦģҪÿı֡
ЦǱֲãǲǾͲ׼ˣ
ǧüЦЩ⣬ûԽȥ죬ʦɵúúñ֣ǧǼˡ
ζ
ǧ۾ֵֵĲãһ飬ɺã
һ⼸ۣεɫЩ̫ããҲġ
ǧ΢㶣֪ξмǿƵζ
סֹ꣬һ䣬Ǿ͵ÿıˡ
ֹʱ򣬷Ѿִϣ
ͻľٶǧԾһ£ſʵʦʲô
ŵ³һӾļò˿ΪҲ֪˿̺òá
ǧ֪˵Ǹ˭һ㶣ҲЩˣǸðɣ
̧ǳǳĻȽ᲻ƿĿ⣬ܺã㲻õġ
ǧһŰ˼֡
ζӣͷҲ˼֣˵ҵѾ¶ڰһĵʦԾɻһЩ
Ҳ˵Ԩɫ
ǧǶ˶ȴʲôҲû˵ҲûзԣһĬϡ
ãȸÿȥҲ죬ָоǰʮδģΪ棬ָоֻʱС
δĿȡ
ǧЩ˳ǣʵҹأ
ȥˡ
ðɡǧʼ硣
Цһܿͽ׼õƤϣһ˲֮信ձڣͨµٴӳǧС
ǧ̲סִ˼ۣͨЩ治ԸǷΡ
󣡡ӣһ
Ŀһʲôû˵
ǧڴû뵽ʲôһ㣬ٴοڵΣܲСһЩЩе֢״ʵڲܣЩӻҪ
֪˵ȫȻûоֱܾС
һ˲ˬȫǧ΢̾һָֻоã·ƶһ㡣
Σοʵ
ǧü䣬֮ڸģɷǺÿˣллΡ
֮䣬֣֡ͷࡣ
ȶһӾɢ˿ǧ㶣ֺȻ̰Σֱůˡ
δڵ˫һĨɫϲ𣿡
ǧ΢٣񱻹ƻһ㣬Ȼϲġ
ãǧϸŪţС£·һֻ־סǻͬĵף˰֡
ůָŪ㣬Ըˡ̾һŵ쳣
ǧ֪˵󵨣һʱ˺죬֪˵Щʲôˡ
μŪţڶԴһһ㡣
ǧסǣ̲ס˵ʦ㲻˵㲻ԴΪ˵һһģǸ˭ѧģ
ɣʧЦһ˵£Ҳ˵ֻ˼ˡ
ϴεᣬһΣǰʹʵڳܲˡ
ǧ䶯ǣҲľ˵ûеɾǲ֪˵Щʲô



601 Ҷ

ϲţڵ˫кйˣƻƯ쳣
ǧǺ죬üۣðβ૳ɰɡ
νëĵ˫ͫӾӨ͸
ǧһۣз̰ǰˣ
ٴӴҪȥͷˡ
ͬһȥοڣѾѻ˵Ȼøˡ
ǧû˵ҲһĬϡ
Ժ÷ѧԺСϣӭͿǧѩŻŶҲЩ롣
ǧһۣԼһЩϵۼǧҲǹˣܿЩۼôˡ
ɡǧѩ汻Ǹ˸ˣ
ǧӹµһתɫҲЩ΢ǧѩϲּģҪģûҪҲ御
ǧѩܣ߽Ūãģǳ˻˯ţŻŻܳģ󵨣Ȼϵĺۼˡ
ǧüĿӷ󵨡
Ŀ̫ȣǧѩ͵ؽͷһ࣬ǧЦЦĿ⣬ǸĿ·ܽ˿͸ȫ¶
ǧѩԲ˫ŵԭء
ɫ磬ôѾйˣ
ǧǰȵһ䣬ǧѩú磬ôģϻһЩ˺ۣǲǱ˭۸ˣ
ǧѩָһؽĿͶ𴦣˵˵ҾǼȥʦǶûõģҲϵĺۼ̫࣬Ūȥġ
ǧʼ磬ĿӨ͸ԭˣһΪ㱻۸ء
ûУǧѩȻ񣬻ż޵顣
ǧҲ˵һ䣬㼤ʲô
վǧԣɫ΢ҹŹּ֣ǧѩǱµЩʲô
ǧѩס꣬ɫ࣬û˵
䣬Ʈһ뵽յֺޣǵھ¥ԶȾƣȻصѧԺˣΪνһһİӵĴϣ
Ǹߣ忡ǳ󣬿ɾôһӾˣ
Ŵһ̺ۼֱ·ˣû̽ڵĵطǺδ
뵽˴ǧѩҧҧ߷ߣͺ޲ýǸӸǧˡ
ɫǧ򻯣ǧ𴽰꣬Ѳڻζյʱ⣿
Ȼ㼱ȥҵʦǾͲˡǧֳ˼ۣ˻ͦģҲ֪Щۼòˡ
ǧѩ͵ؽסʲôû˵Ķӡ
ıӰǧá
νֿͷȥɡ
ģ̌ǳǳ˼֣ã߰ɡ
ɭ֣ǧɱħ޵ʱ򣬷һֱڶţҲ֪ڿЩʲôڵ˫ޱȡ
ǧɱһֻħޣ̲סˣʵΪ㿴ң˵ʲô˵ɣء
ιһ˦׽ſʵǧѩ飬ǲģ
ǧһҲûģǧѩϴҪҵףȻҪֻһЩټƽ¥λҲһֱҲ˳ۣҲһΣҾͬһйҧ˭֪ǧѩûãԸˡ
һɫЩѿ
Ǿù֣ǲϲ˶ƺвǲҪˡ
ǧɫԣͷһιˣ̫ݶôȸ½ʥŮ
ǰ;÷ζǧѩΪݣǧѩŪͦңòʦɣ
ǧԽԽòŷεĿҲöݺݵģ¶Ѿˣʦʦɣдһˡ
ۣʱ˿뽫Դ˿Щʲô
һ仰δ˵ᵽˡ
ڣԴ˿֣ḧŪĺס
ǧ۾ɫӲãɱңΪǧѩ
˵ӸԣǳŹģҲ⡣
̲סһСֻ֪ԴﵽЩʲôʲôҲû˵ΪλΪվǧѩǱߵģ
ѵǣǧüղɫˣǶĲ
Ȼǡοסĺ󾱣ǰһǣǳǳǣ¶ȴ쳣Ƿޣվߵġ
ǧָһҲĿƵ𴦣ᣬɡղ˵ǧѩ£㶼ˡ
νǰ鷢õļһܣѣǾ㣬Һ



602 

ģ̌˫飬ԣЩΪң
εʹͨ쳣ڴ˿̾˼ġ
ָЦΣá
һƱʵǾͲˣ
ǧ벻ԣ̾ͽ˻ôˣÿıֲУʦͶȡɰ
ֻСè䣬˼۱ϲĽʧЦʲôҲû˵
ǧǰ˼ͷʵΣ֪ƽ¥˵ĵϸ
εɫײ䣬Ȼ֪λˣƻʵһλϧ˲ص̫ϸʲôһʱԲ
һδ鵽η䣬ϵƮɢ˲صúͺƾճֵһ㣬ҲһӴ֯⽫ڸˡ
Ӵ֯
ǧһ뵽˵ֳζ
ѲɣǺڰħʦˣ
Σ˵᲻Ǻڰħʦˣǧšü²⡣
⵭ĮҲֻкڰħʦˣƳЩϡŹֻ֣Ầ˵Ķ
˵ǧͷЩţǣ²öԸˡǸոͣûãôְ쵽ˣ˵ʲôĿģ
ǧ˵ţͷЩ뷨
ѪѪǰڰħʦô࣬Ϊ˶ȡ
񣬹ͬĿģȻѪѪ治ʲôö
꣬ξ֪ʲôֱӳο˼룬һڣǲóѡ
ǧͷ࣬зðġ
˼ۣȴʲôҲû˵
վһԣɱħޣͻȻ˵ħ޵ȼ̫ͣûٰǻطɡ
ǧͣеĶЩϲؿŷΣʵҲ뻻طˣҶ죬Ҳ֪Ķи߼ħޡ
֣ͷҴȥ
áǧ𴽰ܾ꣬˵ϵˣ֡
ο˿ɫֵղˣȻȥɡ
ǧͷࡣ
βĿ׾СϴתΪԼʧȥʧãϲ˵ȴػ֮С
á
ڿʲôǧʡ
һһڿ㡣
ǧһ죬̲סһۣ컬࣬ˣǸ˭ѧģ
ǳЦ
˵ʦͨ
ǧʼ磬Ŀ˻
صסݣǧƨɲŸոȣͼôͷҴ˽
ųȥģΪľȥ˵ĸ˴һ϶Щ͵¶Ҫš
ôܻˣǧһۣжˣ
͵ͷøոտ͵͵ȥˣһСֽ
Сֽ
ǧһ£СֽʲôСֲֽʲô
ñⱾ֪мȥķǳеˮԴľԾˡ
ˮԴķȥˡǧšüܾô²Ծö˶ȥˮԴĵطʲôѲ¶
ǧԽԽпܣʱˮԴһȾȫǵ˶ꡣ
ǧ֪ش󣬱þܣӣȥ˶ã
ÿڵȥûãȥ϶׷ϡ
ǧ˿Ǿͳɡ
Ÿ̤ԺӣεʹҪȥ
ǧһ٣˵һ䣬ֻǳȥһ¶ѡ
üͷô˻ҪȥҿɫҴҵģʲô¶ˣ
ǧʸִͣɰʵ׵ĸо鲻ʱ䣬ֱӿżɽƽ¥ҪжˣҪȥˮԴҪһͬȥ𣿡
һȥҲȥ
ǧʲôû˵̧žˡ
˦ȥ
ˮԴĵط̾ͿˮԴимˡ
ǧһۣѹ㿴СֽЩŹ֡
ɫһ䣬ҲСֽĹŹ֡
һͬһ
δ֣ۼֱֿ󾱴һãԴһ£ֱ˹ȥ
ǧһһ㶵ġ
ôǰû֣ҲϲڱˣһΪ
ҪǳԣǧԱߺ666
ʦֲǧǰǰļ⣬ͦӲЩƣõСֽʲô



603 

νСֽչʱüͷٴ塣
ǧҩô£ֻɫˣҩǶҩҼɫˣǲҩʲôԣǶҩ𣿡
ҡͷǶҩ
ֵǧˣȻǶҩʲô
ֻһЩ˯ҩۣ嵹Ҳûʲôοеҩۣаɻ󣬡Ҳ֪ΪҪҩ۷ˮԴУʵЩ֡
˯
ǧһüͷšš뽫ȫΣʱΪΪˣʲôöⶫȾˮԴ
ðҩۣѰ˼Ÿôٵ
νҩ۸٣˰ɡ
ǧϵħֱӽЩ˵Ķˡ
һ꣬ξʹȡһСֽС
ʲôǧһۡ
һ˳ҩۣȻ˯ҩۻˣǲ֪ҩǻж٣ڴڼ䣬ǻܴݾߡ
ǧһ÷οǵļΪϸ£㿼ǵܵղҾȻû뵽һ㡣
Цһ߰ɣҪˡ
áǧ
һܿʧԭء
ûãˡ
󾱴ܾ˺ѵۣ˴һ
̲סܿ˿Χģ˵˾һֻСﶼûƼǸղŵôˣôͻȻεˣ
ôҲ벻ͨ뵽ҩۣеҩۻڣ˲Ͱ˼֡
ֳܿ˿ûŽСֽչҩȥ˿
Ҳ֪ҩ۵ʲôҲһֱû߹ʲô˵Ķɣ
̿ˮŵýСֱֽӻƽ¥
͵͵صƽ¥뷿㴫һɳ죬ȥˣôڲŻ
ŵû겻壬һͷ㿴ˣ̾Ͱ˼֣ˣҸղųŽҩˮԴˡ
һʱüЦĺܺãһճŵٶһЩҩġ
˲ˣһ뵽ðҩۿǺ˵Ķ̾ͶͣлˣðҩӦûʲôɣѾʮˣǱ֪ҩۣĹҵġ
һۣûãûõĶǰҩ۶ѣ㲻˵˭֪ģ
еľɫɢˣѽ˭֪أл˿
򴽽ǣҹɫϵԵøŮζϧˣ֪ںδ𣿡
ЦѧԺˣϲСĿٰ㽫Ū
˰ڰ֣ɫ֮еĿҪ㣬Լ־С
һˣ˳֣ǧС˾ͱˣ
ǣСľȥˡ˸ӣһ̾ˡ
һߣ˲°ͣƻѾȥˮԴֱҩ᳤ۣ˵ļƻͿʵʩˡ
Ѿصסݣȴ֪ƽ¥зʲô
ǧЩֱۣӻصС
뽫ŹϣξͿټ˽
ǧ̴̵˽ɿʵʦҪʲô
ҹԼ˯ķ䣬ʲô
νŹϣ˵ѾݣڵĹϵȻǵ˯һˣ͸ͤʱһ
ǧü̲ס´˷μۡ
ǰϵˣӲ˵Ļ
ˣһһ
ǧ΢ЩӦȴͦϲı仯Ͼʱʵ̫ˣʡˡ
ǧüһڻͷϣñңľͿȥ֪𣿡
û˵ֱж֤
ǧᱧߵߣͽķȥ
ǧһ㶣ͼѾ漴ǿƵؽ§ڻС
û뵽λǿƣǧֱסˡ
һﻹˣ⵽Ǹ˭ѧİֱŪֲ
ΣˡǧУ̲סֹһ䡣
ν˽˫֣øˣαˣ
ǧͼ˫Ө͸ӳںڰԾһֹƻɫ󣬡øˣǰӲ
εʵϲ𣿡
ǧ򴽽ǣɰɡ
ʵϲñˣɧɫ
񷴱ãܾôһЩŤ
ǧ򴽽ǣʶڷֱһѡ



604 õ

üͷûһ£ƿǵҵϲ㲻˵ϲҲԴǵģΪ㣬ҿԸġ
ǧͷһࡣ
һ֮֮ϵĴʦȻ˵Ϊı䣬Ǻεºܣ
ǧֱס֫ǰ˲Σá
ͷ˲䣬˯ɡ
ǧû˵ܿ˯ˡ
οһ˯ۣûҲ˯˹ȥ
գǧѵġ
ͷһ۾Ϳ˷ε˯գ˯ûͦƤӱŽë˳ٲ԰ѪɫһĨۣŷ͸ġ
ǧ̲ס֣üۣٵȻ
ƿƤӣһץסֵС֣ҪƤ
ǧ֪ôⱻһü侲ûеƤҲǼ㻹δ㵽׺ʱ
֧ӣ˯һҹЩɢµ˲䱩¶ڿС
ǧ˼ۣ̲ס̿ˮŪŪãô뱻ҧڣ
СʧЦһ
ǧüһСȭͷ˻ӣʮ㣬˵˵С
ǰ˵һĨкɣǻȥĵط
ǧæ¡
ϴһǳ˵㶫ųѧԺ
δȥĵطǳغԶһƬɭ֣⴦ɭֺͳǳظɭֲͬɭܻδͷǧѾܸܵһɰ֮лһ˿ħ޵˻
ǧǰɭޱȵɭ֣˲˼֣ƬɭֹڲͬվͷҲܸܵħǵǿ󡣡
οڵƬɭֵħ޶ڰ˽ףŽףʮ׻ʥ׵ħ޶ϣʵȻʺˡ
ǧһ˲Щ
Ȼô߼ܳô˻ŪһЩ߼ħ޾ˣǰܼСܽˡ
ǽȥβ
ǧЩȲˡ
˽뵽УһǿǧסؿڣֻЩѪڡ
ˣʡ
ǧͷ˫Ө貣͸һĨѪ£ر˷ܣ
ԴϲزµزµģҴȥһЩΧħ޲࣬ͷħ޲űȽ϶ࡣ
ȥǧƣѾȲ뽫ħɱˡ
Цһɭ档
һ棬ħ޵˻͸ˣǧ˻еĹâԽԽ󣬷·Ҫһ㣬Щħ޵žͺǿӡ
˽׾Žħ޵ȻγԴȥվԭر𶯣ȥͷħ޹Щħ޵ȼߣ̫»Ʋס
ǧһҲеСһЩ
εһ¾뿪ˡ
ûãξʹֻ˽׾Գ
˽׾ԳܵٶȺܿ죬еҲۺޱȣǸڷţܿǧǰ
ǧǰľԳ΢΢˼֣ͬǰЩͲһεġ
һ㣬ɽǧߣҰֻԳǰ˽׵ģоͺãǲһֱڡ
һֱ
ǧͷ˲ůůеЦЩѣңԸҿԵġ
οĿһ㡣
ǧһ㣬һ㣬ֻ̾Գǰ
ԳһСС֣̳һĨ֮ɫȥ㣬ζһҲܲ
֪ЩʲôǧһЦֱӽѪ﷨ȡһɲǳһǵضȥҫ۾ʢڵɳ
ֻԳܿ͸ܵг֮һ㶣תߣǡ
Щ۾һ㣬ֱӽǵȥ·סԳ˻һ¶һĨɫʱ򣬻飬ǵҲֱӱûˡ
߽׻ϵħһ𣬹治ͬ죡
ǧͬսٷΣҸղһΣ
Ծһ£ղһҫۻȣϸϸʱŷǺǸ߽ħܣһ
ħ֮٣οǻϵģҲ֪СѾͷǴӺδǺõˡ
ŰŪһ߽׼飬ȴû뵽ԼˣѾˡ
ȥеľȣ˵ղŵһ߽ܲ׻ϵܹ治ͬ졣
ǧüһֻСèȻѧϰ˸߽׼ܾ԰˽ħҲ£˽ϵҪˡ



605 սŽڤ

νëһһɱ˽ħޣ˽ħðײˣһоɱðײˡ
׻ǵ͹ʵЩ֪ͰŽ׵ħˡ
һ취ŽħޣСӦǲлҡǳ˵ţü֮ȴһĨɫҲ뵭Įˡ
Žħޣ
ǧһ˫˲˼֣ŽħԴи߽ħ޾ˣٶɱֻ
ɬĴ꣬һ뵽Щú׵ڣ̲סҪ˷ЩȥСһЩŽħ޿ɲȰ˽ħޡ
֪ڹϵԼεӺˣ֪ȥȥͻء
ǧԶȥӰһ˫۾ģͬ顣
ûãǧ𶯵
顭
顭
Զǧһۣǰλг𣬷׷ر˵۾ڷĳ䣬˷εӰһֻڤǡ
һֻŽ׵ڤǣȫҰףë̫⣬һ˫ɫͫǾȻǰķ¶֮ɫϵĺսҲڴ
Ž׵ڤǺ磬ǰĸһ
ǧĿ⾼ֻڴŷοЩڤ
ûãͻȻǧ࣬ͷŽڤǣ͸ղŵİ˽׾ԳͬսʵҲо޴ҪСһЩ
ԽϽ׾Խѣ˽Ž˵һ֮мñȲһֻأʵ֮
ףİɡǧзȣȻ߼ħޣʱŻӮģĴֻ»ȫʬ
ֻŽħ޸պø֣ҪԼʵˣ;Žħ޶ϣԼʤ㵽ж١
ǧֳַȣϡ
ڤǼʳˣЩ꣬ղǸ˿ȥǿζ϶Ů΢ЩˣζƲ̫á
𡭡
ڤ˻һֱӳǧ˹ȥ
ǧһ˱𴦡
ڤɫһˣ
ǧһ㣬ͬһֱ֦ϣվϣӸµؿŵµڤǡ
ڤǼǧͷ˼֣ɶྐྵΪ
ֱ޴
ڤצ׼



606 ߽ħ޾

ǧЦЩ
ֻڤǣǹģлʩչϵħʱͷǾ͵ñɽ̿ˡ
ǧ򴽽ǣеĻЩ
վ£֪սսԣɹ˹ǡ
СѾͷǴ
ǧٷڤУüеĻХų˹ȥȣ·ܽһա
ڤǲ֪ѾͷǻϵħʦһӾԭء
Ƭ̣ͬһֱϯڤһ±ƣ漴һ˵ȶۣҪһ
𡭡
ڤͷ˻ŶЩ
ǧۣеĻٴͶ׼ʤ׷
գ˲䣬ոܵشڤ㲻ٴαˣɶŮˣ϶ǹġ
Ȼǽƻˣ
ڤǷŭһʹٶʱ򡭡
һ£׵ɫҰԵޱȣѸڤǱԭأĸצӶڳ鴤ţҲϴϲ£
ۿ
Ů˲ǻϵħʦȻϵħʦҪЩ֪ܵ˺Ű
ڤǾԼÿȻһţҪɥȪˡ
أء
ڤǿصͺһͼǧ֮ġ
ǧһۣͻȻĵЩֳªĶ͸նɱ
ǧüһ˵Ҫģϧ㳤̫󣬻ˣ
ڤһߺ޵ضǧκȫԣ붯ˣɶĳ࣬óĴóûȨˣ
ӴˣǧЦЩӣеĻϢǻ͸ӳʱԵ˫ұޱȡ
ء
ڤٴνлƺڿ顣
ǧüսپһӻܼͬˮڤϯȥ
ǣ߽׻ϵħһ
ڤȻɴ۾УȴһӾͱûɴģǰĲġ
ǧ£ȡذֱӽڤԴħ޾ȡ
һöɫĸ߽ħ޾ˣӳڷ⣬ÿޱȡ
ǧħ޾ִ𣬲ɳ̾Ǹ߽ħ޾˰Ư
ǰƯƯЩʥϵħ޾ˣ־˵ǾӨ͸
ǧħ޾սռ䣬־Ҳб²ܵõĪǣ
ʵش𣬡ǰлԵõһö
ǧ˫𣬡ơ
νëһЦЩźϧΪƲͱõˣЧҲ̫á
ǧȱȱû۸ˣ
Դ࣬޷Ժܹлġ
ǧԼԴɿ˵ҵԴ˵Ѿ֪ݣ˲ֻ֪֪ʦϵ̸̫ܱʿɾͲˡ
һҲľе
ѧԺô˫۾ţʵڲܾٶ
̫ˣһעġδƺһĨǸ⡣
ǧЩ̲סģﵹǿһЩ
˵꣬ǧͺˣ˵ʲô
ǧ죬εȴǼΪãʶսǧС֣еȶҲڽݡ
ǧ죬һʱ侹
γߺϴתͣȥʲôҪɱŽħ𣿡
ǧͷһըëˣһ˲÷ǹģջģһӦòᣬˡ
ɱϾʱ硣̧˫ģǳ
ãҰ㽫Žħ˵ţȥŽħˡ
ǧСŽħһֻֻɱҲʧֵʱۿŽ׺ƤħܾҪ˹ˣǧδʼһ£˲ͽŽ׺Ƥħܵ˽̿

ƤħѾϵĵȴԾûɢֻĵԾɰԵޱȣǧ˼ۣ̲סͷȥס
ΣôˣǧüЩˣƾԼʵƤħɱƫξǲԸ
˵Ȼˣ̲סˡ
ǧЩ˵ҲˣһĲѣʵ̫ˡ
ˣȻΪ룬Ҳˡǧڰ֣ͽƤħԴĸ߽׾ڵ



607 ձ

ڳǧ˷ܵؽⶫջö߽׾ˣһֱôȥպܽˡ
ǧϵϲøزסһ¾ͱο˸š
ҪЩ߽ħ޾ˣοʵ
ǧһ뵽֪ϹȸˣҲûţֻܼȸЩҪƳڣڴڼҪһЩͽףнףǸ߽׾ˡ
ɫһʵʲô
ǧĿ⣬߽׾ˣһֱĻո߽׾˵͹ˡ
εŵ΢ڷУãЩһһֱġ
ǧ˼һΣֺһȦ򴽣Ӧһá
ιǳЦ˲续
ɭд˻뿪
ŸߵͨѧԺСͿǧѩںһ·
ǺӴһµߣǧһ۾ͽ˳ˣǸƾճֵˣ
ôǧѩһ
Ѳζ̫ζλ᲻ýǧѩſˡ
ͻأ֣ǧѩܿͷǣ죬ֱӳȣþңҲ֪ĶĺˣȻԴ㲻
ǧѩĻţΪ˾ûϸˣǺ˾ȻѧԺӲѧԺ˳
ɲ⣬һ߽ױϵȻһ취ûС
ǧѩĽлܿ˵ע⣬ŤͷǧǿȥĿ䵽ǧʱ˵˫һ£Ҳ͸һĨ˵䡣
֣ǧšüͷ
ǲ·ͱǧѩǣˣ겻
ǧüǧѩʲô˭
ǧѩɫҰףæƲϵãҺźûϵͻȻѧԺҴģҪҲǿЩң
ǧѩŤͷһǧ߻һλʦλԨ뵼ʦĵ͸ˡ
ǧǵľ𣬿Ҳһ֮üһ˵λ̨Ҳ֪ǧѩǺιϵѧԺҪ˾ȥ𴦣ܹǲõġ
ǧѩһ˫࣬˵ʲôڻϽ
û˵ȴͻȻǧѩſˡ
ǧѩһõͷţͿܵȫطãʥŮֱִܱ֮۸
ûǧѩֱⲽǧǰ
ǰˣǧĿȻȴҲʼûг֣Ҫʲô
ôü
վһ࣬и䡣
򴽽ǣĿİλǲ
ǧͷһѲɵݶ͵Ƽˣ
Ӧòܣ
ǱƼǲߵô̫ƽɡ
ǧã˿Ҳ֪ʲô϶ûġ
üװ֪λ̨ǴδڨʽǲЩˣ
ɫʲôû˵תˡ
뿪˲䣬˫ʹһĹâ˸˸
ǧ˲һ䣬ָоͺ񱻶߶һ㣬Ǹ˾ô£Ϊζ˵Щ

ģʵôˣ
ǧҡҡͷûʲôǸоղǸ˵Щá
һʲôҲû˵
ǧѩˣ˿Ӱȫط̰߳ڳһ߹ģãǶлˣ㲻治֪ԼΡ
˵ţüΪǺлǷȴ֪оôˣһ㶯ֵ˼ûУûá
ǧѩĵ׷̰ţɫҲ
ȻûˣǾ뿪ǧû鿴ϵı飬εת뿪ˡ
ǧѩԭضţһ뵽ԼѾлٵ˾˲Ӭһܲѡ
ҧҧת뿪
˻صƽ¥ʱɫҲЩѿ
Դһֱڻطǧһ뵽ͷ͸ܡ
ôˣ
򴽣ȫ˲Ӭһ㣬ֱܵϵıˤڵϡ
顱һķѣˮҲضǡ
һͿ̣ŵɪɪ̲ס˼˰ôˣΪηôĻ
ۣɫͬߣЩ֮ɫ
ŵ˫Ȳʵܲ˾ֱˤڵأɱСģСĵСŵġ



608 Ⱥҵ˶

һڣһǸûõĶ
㶣С˵ˣΪô˵СĻܹ㡭
˳˼ۣܹԼ뿪˵ŵϴһҩζҩζôϤ
ɫһ䣬ʵ㻳ʲôҩҶŵˣЩóơ
һ٣Žĵҩȡˣöҩ
öҩǰӶģƷʻˣû뵽˾öҩŨȤ
ִöҩ˼ۺɫһ䣬öҩǴĶģ
ʵڵöҩҴӶǼģһöϲ̨ĵҩܸƵĵҩȡ
öҩԽԽҲԽԽ䣬Ͼ˵û˵ư͡
ŵò˵ˣڿˣΪλˣ
˵˼Ѳ£
ڷ̰ʱֽĿͶ˹ʵǼ˭ģ
öҩϤҲǣҲƴ˵ҩ˺䵽˾أϳֱֻܻĽйӲд
ƣЦеǼǧģ˵λǧ㲻ѾζѲˣ
õŮ˽ǧ
ޣ
Щѧǧѩ
˫䣬ɤɳͬ׹Ķħ˵˵ϺһõŮ˽ǧѩʲôǧ˸ûƼ
һֱ±ˡ
ǧѩ
ץǧİôȻǧѩ
мѲǳʲô
Ǻ죬ô붼벻ʲôĽǧץˣΪʲôǧѩ治֪ˡ
Ů˭ֻܸȥӵĶңݣ㶼ҪҲ֪𣿡
֪ΪλǧôȤҲʣֻܵͷȥˡ
ǰеıӱһˡ
ˣּһǿ֯ȺˣŹ
öҩˡ
һЦֱӽеĵҩ飬ͬһ˵Ĳ
Ⱥˣ
صУǧֱֱһ硣
Ҳ֪˭ڵֻȫЩģر𲻺ܡ
ļʵôˣˣ
ǧҡҡͷûУܸоʲôڵңҲ֪ǲԼ̫УܸоЩӻ̫ܲƽ
ͷ£ҡ
ǧһůȴʲôҲû˵
뵽˸ղλˣһ˫ٴγ˼֣ղǸһɺڰϢԶһЩ
ǧһ㶣Ǻڰ˰
֪ˡһ٣ʵȻǺڰˣƳĹƻʶȻǺ˵ģҪǽֵҩ
뵽ǵĵҩòǧоЩ
μüͷ㿪ڵȻǽҩٵǵĵҩǲɵģ˭ֵ֪ҩж٣ٵǻƣα겻α
ǧҲôġ
ȡһСƿӣԣЩһƿҩ
ƿװһЩɫҺ壬ֻ㿴ţ־ĸо
ģǧǰƿӣ¶ɻ󣬡ôķ
νҩϣƿҩҸݵҩеĹƻƳģܽƻʶ˵Ⱥһã㲻Щҩˡ
ǧһ˫ʱ˵εˡ
ҩִǳЦҩǹƻٶ࣬ҲˣǸνЩҩɢȥأ
ɫһˮԴ
ǧһ˹˼ǽҩˮԴУȫǵİնҪˮʱҲڲ֪нƻʴĸøˣȲ˻ɣҲҪ鷳ЧҲġ
취ǼõġǧﴽһЦͰ˵
ɫһڣ˾ڳˡ
ˮԴοٽҩ˽ȥ
ҩܿˮڻһζҲûУˮҲΪƽδκζһ㡣
һ̧֮뿪
ЩʱգǺˮȻҲƻʲĸøˣٴοƽ¥ĵҩһ۾ˡ
Щʲôҩôͨô󣬷թ



609 ߺ޵ҧС

У
ЩҩͲӵһãҲ֪ţȻô
ֱӶµҩƿӣֱĵҩӡ
ǧҲô˻ὫĽҲҩ¿һʱվۼõòˡ
Цúϲ£ˣ֪ʲôܾǧ϶ЩʲôϾѧԺˣ
ĸˣƽ¥ǳƲҵ
ȫ˹ȥɷߺ޵ҧСˣҲ֪ЩôˣȻȥҩˡ
ЩǵĵҩһֱòôͻȻһӷͱˣ
ֵĽѲǧڵҩʲôֽţ
˵ɫҲЩѿôЩƻʾȻ԰ղˣ
Ǳ᳤֪
ͷͷЩ겻һۣʵǰЩ飬ˣ
ƣЦˣСѾˣǧģλǧǴȸ½ģѧԺд¹ƾҪˡ
ȸ½⼸ָۣһ㽫ϵĲ豭򷭡
˵Ǵȸ½ģ棿Ȳʵ
æͷȻģСѾ˺ܶ飬ֻȫû˲Ÿһ档
˽ϣɫЩҲ֪Щʲô
վһ࣬˲˵Ҳ˵ΨоվŵȵԸ
ã̧ͷʵǧʲôģ
ǲҹʲô˵ֱӽ˴ͷ㿴λ·Ůӱǧ
Ťͷȥһ۾ͿվȺеǧ
üһϮ´е嵭֮ɫ˲ҽӽŮֻҪһ۱˼С
ƣܾǧǰˡ
ȴ˫ǧơ
Ȼ
СͿˣʱ;Ϊ죬һŮˣûг֣ǼģЩΪϤĵҩҲŪģϻôɺϵ飿
˫ɫ仯ͣ
ôҲ벻ףǸҩͦСôͱŮˣ
ѲɣŮ˺ݣȻô
ǣȸ½ǧҺûйӰɡ
ԽԽףǧĿҲøΪ¶
ǧܿ͸ܵڿҺܲѺãĿͶȥ̾ͺ˵Ŀһš
ǧ㶣漴һĨЦݣͷζʮ㡣
ǿһ㣬ɫüΪѿ
ǧĵǺô󵨣̬һһ͵ǸСһģһ
ΪŮӣҪΪǵǸСˡƵˣҪôǿѧģҪôͬһˡ
ͷһ뷨һôҲӲˡ
ǸСŮװģҲǼٵģҲ͵ͨΪǧôƣ
֮ͨһЦǧĿҲ˺⡣
ܵеĺ⣬ǧšüͷ
˼׮ѣ˾ôˣС
ǧüֱӽ۲Ϊ
ǧѾȥеĺ޼ɵҪһ񡣡
һ۰Ͱ͵ؿˣʵˣСȥʲô
˿Ŷӣͷ˰գžķңдż˿񶾺Ͳ̣ʲô취ֻҪʧҸ⣬ǻĲͷˡ
һ̾ˡ
Ϳ߶ˣ˵ʥּһ㣬ֵֵܳȥ׼ˡ
ֿһ۶ӣԼԼܿǧ߶ü͵Ц
ӣǧˣҲҪһһٵ
ҲѾǰȫһˣ
Цţ漴ת߽ȥƽ¥С
һߣΧĿҲǧУ̲סִ˴ֱϸļƤ
죬ͷλˡ
СҲ֪ʲôıƣЩɵСһЩźá
ǧңǼõġüЦΪᱻƽ¥¢ϣȴ뾹ôһתۡ
ǧĵҩƷʺãƽ¥ǲʵģǵ۾ѩһֱɱΣ
ЦŸͣȻᱻһֱɱˡ
ǧŪС̣ٴãŶðȻѾ׬һǧˣôȥֱӴȹŻ׬ǧҡ



610 һҽӴ

ǧС̣˫һֱġ
ϲʱһ
ǧ̷£üͷôôͷʲôˣ
Ҳͷæվǧңͳȥһ
ʱǧҲվҸһȥɡ
ŸһߵͷǧͿˣԱ߻мڲͣţ˵ļ
ǧ̣üͷ
ǰ˲٣඼ңǮġ
ǧ䣬һ½ݣȫȾ廪ü֮ѩһͲʲô۸
Ǽе㶣׳ָǧıӣĵĳǣٵҩǵֶӾǳĵҩضȻԣڶδ
ǧһԵɫãģضȻԵˡ
һҲġ
ǧʶƽ¥ȥ˲࣬ЩݼõģǶ˵ġ
ιô˵ָָֺġ
ǧüһץס˵ָԵˣָָңʶͽָȥǲʶ࣬Ҳָ顣
һɫ˲òҰףû͸ָܵϴʹС
ۣ۵ģ˶ָͻˡ
ŮǸħҪԼָ飡
Щ֣Ҳָˡ۵ֱУʲôͱ֮Ժˡ
ǧûõģ붼ûͽɿ˳Ӳ˲֣࣡
һõͷţ;ؿǧûκξٶ˿˿˵ҵǺڵ㣬󲻹̸ֻһͳвǣ浱ЩնϹ𣿡
ǧۣҪЩôϷ
ҵĵҩǼõġָ⣬˵ȻЩô˻򣬶˳˶ʣΨˣǲǹǮģ
ҲĵҩǼٵġ
ϾƷʰҳȥԺЧĲǰԹĵҩ̫ˡ
Щ˾ҵġ
һ˲¶ġ
ΪðǶҡȴû뵽ЩվȻôƭ
ɶЩһǱŮ˹ƻˡ
ǶȻǱŮ˸ƻˡٴοڣŮ˸ղųôȻʲôöʵֶӣɵԺͻǡ
˵ÿżͲøá
ǲǺڵꡣ
ǧǰǼʶĺŵˣ֮ͥ£ɱҪġ
ǧһۣ˭˵Ҫɱǣв
ǸоԼˣŭĿӣȴʼûг֡
ǸҰ
ǧεվһ㿴˵Ľëţ۵ûˡ
Ҳԣһֱװ϶ơ
ǽѰɡǧһЦЦЩɭɭġ
ǼˣŵûŮˣʲô
Ҳʲôǧգգ۾Щ޹ˣûЩҽΪ˿ɣʱҾ֪ΪλԲѣҵΣȻᲹ
˲ˣɣ
Ȼҽʱ򲻴
Ϊβɣǧۣ쳣ѲɣǮģˣˣ
˲ԭء
˫һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
תһ룬㱻ЩʲôֻҪһֱкΰ취أ
ôһ룬˲䰲ĶˣССҲһĨƣȻǿǾͿɣʱ򿴲ãǲҪҪڵص
ǧüȻţƽ¥໹ѿ
ģһὫκõġǧһһ³ħڵ
ٴαסתһ룬ƣôҲˡ
ǧӣܿΪǰƺܱ׼ͷ·λҽߣֻԼ֪ںŪˡ
ô飬Ϳˡ
ȫᡭ
в˵ǵ㱾£¯ġ
ǧ΢΢ӣ˶ߵţ֪ϵħǲ֪ҿλһ£ʱǵļᱻ濾Ȼ󣬻뵽ǵѪ淭ţţһǵѪͻᱻ죬أὫǿⶪԣһƬһƬĸ£ȴŪ



611 ɵİ

ڵϵ˽ë
꣬Ů˸ħ
ǣǵѪ¶ԡһ;úۡ
ǻɫҲ˼֡
ǧٽǿҪˣһιһŵҩʱǸ⣬˷ĥҹ
ҹǾʣ׹˰
ڵϵˡৡһʮشŮ˼ֱħȻûǣ뽫ǵǲóѵġ
ģ㶣˲ȻЩ˸ҵġ
Ц¶ġ
˲±ˣ˵üװԵģôͻȻˣҪ˰
˰ǧվԭЦЦҵҽ̫ˣǸǮģ
ǧʣͰǱĵҲһ±ơ
ȻԺǻȻ򣬾Ǳƭˣ
Ůƭӡ
ƭǣҧгݡ
ǧҡҡͷĿȻûƭǣǲûǵģϾҵĵ̻Ⱦָ
˵Щʱ¶еĻҲڵϸߡ
˼ǻϵħʦ˲ˣ۲ʶ̩ɽˡǰɡ
ǧеĻ棬ʵô˵ǳǹǮ
ŵõɴ˫
ô滹ô棬ˣ
ԶԶԣǹǮġʵ棬վһߵ˲ˣòˡ
һеıԡ
һȺнŵľǮ
ǧֳֻ棬ƽ˵ɣ˭ģ˵һȻǾͱȥˣԷɡ
ʱǶסˡ
Է
Ǻ磬ʱǹԶҲز˼ˣŮħͷ϶Ὣһɱġ
ǧǻأǻ˵׳ǰǼţŽˡ
վڽ俴ϷǷ׷ָǧңָʹֹģ˵³֮͸һǧңһһͦ͸ˣ治ǵ°
ǧŤͷһ淢վһߵ
Ҳˣ׷ֹ
Լ֣˲﷢ţתߣȴǧסˣңȻ˾ͱż߰Щ㡣
ԼֻܲӲͷƤ˹ȥǣЩӲǧҽʲô
ǧָָЩµˣң˵ָʹµģ˵ǲİ
ŵôģһеĶĻ飬Ǳ֪ҵƽ¥ˣ
ǧֳµļ˿ȥߣ˵ָʹģǻкλ˵ǵԷ
µļ˱ס׷׷ŭؿ
µģΪβϣ뺦ǣ
֪Ͳ̰ͼǮӦ㣬ΪЩǮǶҪûˡ
öָǵģ˵³֮󽫻ʣµĽң㲻᲻˰ɡ
˵ţȻͳһöָָǶһɫ解ǼΪѵõı
öָɫ˲˱䣬ɺܿͻָ򶨣öָҵġ
µļһöָϻšۣ㻹˵öָġ
ɫ˲ɷףû¾ϲڶϿ֣һֶˣҲߡ
ǧŤͷһۣ濴ָ֣滹ָ֣νͣ
ɫһ䣬ɤӴ󺰴еöָҵģҵġԣȻǱȥģԣһǱȥġ
ǧͷͶ䣬ԣöָǲģ
ҵġָµļŭĿӵǱȥˣЩûõ˾ϲ
µļһ˲ˣĻΪ£ȴҪƫϵ浱Ǻ۸
ҲʶǡѼӲ
µļָͷͻȻսȭͷ˹ȥ
ˣֵܼʹ㡣
㣬㣬˵
Щµǿ׳ģͲǵĶ֣һӾͱյڵأѪҺЩˡ
ȴһҲֻͬǻá
µļٴȴǧҲֹˣס֡
µļͣ£ЩȵؿǧʵǧһкηԸǲǾʵ̫ˣѵôУ



612 үҪչ

ȴץסʲôһæǿڵǧҾһҵġ
𣿡ǧգգ۾Ө貵˫Щ޹ֻ˵⣬ǼһѪͽȥɭɭҲû˻ǣôô򡣡
µһ˫
Ů˲ײУܼƷ
һȴǧˣú
ǧͶ䣬Цһģˣһǻúúõġ
һֱѪˡ
µļһ׷¶ı飬Сȥ˼æǻͷʵǧңǻҪԷ𣿡
ǲ
ǧЦаʮ㣬룬ǲ⡣
µļҡͷ񿴵ˮһ㣬ǲ룬һҲ롭
䣬ˡ
һ־ǧٴοʼӪҵҲûһ¶ʼ
ϣǧʱֽ׬ǧ
ǧŽңֵߵߵػصסݡ
ʲô㿪ģδ߳ͼһվԺɵ֡
ԼԺǧʲôûֱ˵λУҩҩ׬˲ٽңǧء
Ҳʶ§סƵĵҩͺãȻ١
ǧǰ˲䣬Ĳˣȫůůģ
׬ôңҲһ빦ͣԡλһ٣ӿռͳһӽңҾһЩЩŰɡ
ֽӹԹһҲʮҡ
ǧңʮ򡭡
ѾͷǸزū
Цţ̲ס˹СӣԼУЩĻԼûȥɡ
˵ġǧһ¾ͶĽҴӣֱӶռУһ׶ˮ÷һһ㶵ġ
ʱЦѾͷǸԡ
Цʲôǧһۡ
ҡҡͷʲôҲû˵
ǧгŤͷһȫϲԵĲˣ£̲סʵΣʲôʱѧ˵ģ
δʦˣ˵ȥ϶ûš
ǰͻᣬǲỺڣɫ֮ĺˡ
ǧһۣ˲佫ͷµһпڸˣȻܳԵʦĲˣ˵ĻһҲԲɣ
ǲ㣬ȻԲ
ǧָһ⻰ǲ˵ֻһˣ
һ̫ˡ
ǧԴִȥ֣Ūе׷ʳ޲ʦǻǾĳԷȽϺá
һЦ治˵ˡ
˵ˣǧź࣬ϼŲˣһٷҲԵüΪ㡣
ת߽䣬׼ɱĸ߼ħ޾˸˳ʱܱΪڡ
뷿䣬ǧܿͽٻ
ССģɫëͦƯǧ߼ħ޾˵ݳʱһһڳԵüΪ㡣
ǧħ޾ȫˣſʵôħ޾˵Ӧù˰ɣ㵽׺ʱܱΪڣ
ĶƤоһйһҪ׵
˲ϲֻ֣Ҫˣүڣڴڼ䱾үҪȱչһʱ䣬չصʱ򱾴ү˯ڴڼɲܶԱүʲôֵ鰡
ǧһüͷһ壬С࣬չҪã
һĪʮ죬¡
ǧͻȻȥȥȥȥչذɡ
һŤͷͽ˿ռ䣬أүһ
ǧ߳һȴڴڻǺģܻξͺˡ
ЦʲôνƿһȥͼЦ֮ͣ仹мڴ
ǧһۣ˵Ҫչˣ룬չ֪᲻ữΣЩڴ
Ϲ޺ͨħ޲һǽ˳ȻܹΣڴһ£Ǻģ
ǧһЦ̲סεơ
ţ֮ҲһĨɫ
ǧɿʵҪ˯
۾ǷޣȻҪ˯һ𡣡
ǧ򴽣˵úеȻ޷
˯ɡǧļ
ǧһ죬Ӳϴ̣ǰͦ󵨵ģôԽԽˣ
ƣǷεĴ



613 Ļ׳

ǧһֱϱӡ
ЦЦòţһɣһЩӡ
ǧɿˡ
˺һһһߵӿ
ƽ¥У֡
˿ű׵˲ЩθڣһС¶첻ãкã
ŵ˫Ȳ˵ȴᳶϵ˿ڣ˲۵ѳݣˣۿҪɹĨڶˣɲ֪ǧʲôӣȻЩ֮ѱ÷СĻɣЩһʼͱǧˡ
Ϊǧ군û뵽군Լ
ԽԽģ޲ýǧŪ
Լ²οƫϲƱ硣һˬˣǧĻ׳棬Ȼ֪ʲôȽ˸ˣ
һһĻҲ˵
Ҫôܳưǳˡ
ɥ˽űߣˣԭһΰɣһһܹãһһöӹš
ûһˡɭɭ˵
ĸβˣΪûһˣ
վҹ£һССҩӶѣǲĿ꣬ҿҪɴµˣһ᳤ҲҪȲˡ
Щ᳤˭
ʣ֪̫û
˺֮һĨĽҩˮԴ𣿡
æͷ˰ʲô𣿡
۾ˣΪǳڻƽ
ⲻԾԾ
Īƭģ
ۣؿҪ̴оԼ񱻶߶ˣ̿ˮŵ̱ڵء
ˣΪСģ
˺ƽֱӿסĲӣݵǲƤӵˣСˣ潫ҩȥˣǳػƽ
ŵ۴У˰ҪңһҪҡ
㣿ߣ˫ԽԽҵ֣³ûˡ
ɴ˫ɫҰײҰ׵ģˣûбѡŹҰɡ
һۣĲֱӶˡ
˽һߣɹһͺˣӲʺϸ¹⡣
ȴһЩǲ̫ԶȵָΣ
˫뵽ǧѩ
ǸŮӦûȽϴһɡ
뵽˴˲򴽽ǣ׼վȥǧѩ
һ˲֮䣬ƽ¥аӿҲ֪ʲô¶
ʱ˿̣ǧ֪ڴʲôСžţ˯üΪ𣬻зڣŻøⰲİɡ
գǧһͿǰڰŪŪģҲ֪ڸЩʲô
ǧһǷԺ֧壬Ҳʱ䣬˲Բļͷ¶˳ΣһڰŪŪģŪЩʲô
νϵİֽۺãҹ˵Ѿɣ˵ᾡϹ
˵ҹȥˣǧգգ۾δʶԼЩ
ȥһ½˵ţͽĿͶϣüĿһӾͱסˡ
ĹͷǶһĨУӺҲЩȡ
½ǧһʱûֻЩ֣ΪҪȥ½
½Ҳ
վǰļĿ޼ɵͷţҲȸ½֮ˣֻҹѪѪпܽȸ½ҲŻȥ̽ס½ļҡ
ǧ㶡
ȸ½ˣ½ˣ
ЩδЩҲ֪εʵ
˵һֶΡ
ǧгϲãԭˣҹȥ½㲡õϢ
ǰɡδϵЦݱ䵭һ̸֡
ǧܵ񲢲ģĪǣ½Щ˵Ĺϵã
򴽣ʶȤûʣȴԾɺ½ʲôݡ
ǿ뷨ͻȻǺ棬ȥ½ʱʲô֪ˡ
ǧһ㶣ڨڨһ±ӣʲô۾
Ц
ģ̌ǵǳЦһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ܾЩӣκϲЦˡ
ˡ
ǧз̰ȴûбֳ
ͻȻ֣ԲļͷᰴţǧֻůϮֵ˵ɤڶơ



614 ȫǰն

ǶգΪβã𣿡
˵ţͽǧɢҵ½ϣڴڼָͷ
ȣ˲ӡǧͷЩŹֵ˷μۣܾǹȥġ
ǧҧСϺͮͮģȺţһҲ䡣
ʶŷεŨܽë
½ҲûʲôԽľٶǧܾ˫Сƺˡ
αֳĬûþͽ½ˡ
ǧԼ½󣬾ʶ˼ƺ롣
һֻܾŵСӣʱڷŴǣμ˲ɹʧЦҲøˡ
ǧһЬ˴
θһϯڷƮԵ鶯ƴ˵ǲȥɭˡ
ǧһ٣οȥΪβȥˣ
ɫģȴǱÿȾǹȥƺл˵
Ⱦ
ǧüһ¶ɻ󣬡лҪ˵һȥ˵Щʲô
ε˾緹ȥ
ܰǧѩǱȴ˾޴鷳
ЩҩԱʱ֮裬ȴ뾹ֱϵСС˴СѧԺԶ˼ЩʲôһʱҲᱻ֡
뵽ԼĴǧѩɫף˫Ҳ
򴽣ɷŵ̬㵽ʲô
֣̲סһѣһɲϸỬĴָӣ۾ĵ̾һ
ǧѩֻߣţ˶Ĳѡ
ǧѩɫһᣬʵܲס˱ʵ㵽ʲô֪˭
ʼˣ˲δջأ͵Ц㲻ȸ½ʥŮڼ߹󣬿շתлԵģҲúûζҪ棿
СǸ
ǧѩɫɷף߷ߵȻ֪ʥŮͲңݸ߹Ҳ
˲ΪȻڴ֮ǰ
䣬ֱ§סϸһ˫ָ޼ɵֱӻ½С
ǧѩһֻһȫСȶˣſٸҶһ£Ҿ
ҧסϸ۵ĲЦƾһ߽ױϵҲ
ǧѩ߷ߵشͷɲ⣬ȷ򲻹
һЩ˼ǹԹԵģұ֤˺㣬ҷҲ⽫ⶪϣȫǰնʥŮӡ
ǧѩԣȻɴ˫
˻ƣð·Ҫ
ǧѩͨ죬˵Щ
ȸ½ʥŮС󲻷˸˺Ƕ˵ػȸҲмѣ裬ˣ˶ֶŵģ׶ˡ
ǧѩԽԽģ͵ͳţһ˲ʣҼ
Ǳ˼˿϶ϧһֱںڰУɲһˣǧѩˣֻ˷ܣĳ嶯
һѽ½󳶿˫ָӷʥŮģ˸˷ܡ
ǧѩֻǰһ䣬ҲӲˣŹҰɺòãұ֤ԹԵģ㣬㡭
Сﳱʪ谵
˵˫ȴþˣ˫ǣҲʲô
ң򴽰꣬޶˱˷
ǧѩæǵͷģǱ˼֣ŹҰɣٲҪС
ͷЦ
߹˫һʥŮȻڿ½󻹳ţͷķ羰һ࣬ôˣ
һѿסǧѩ°ͣҷŹҲԣ뱣֤ҵģʲô͸ʲô顣
ǧѩס
ʥŮܽݣȵģ
˵קסͷϵӿڣӱֵĳ֣ʱ˶ῴ˵ģ
ǧѩֻԴһƬհףܵҡͷ
ҪҪ
뱻˿𣿡һһš
ǧѩҡͷ˲˫ۣұ֤ģʲôҾʲôŹҰɣòã
˽ϻص
ֶδ³ȫûһ˿
ǧѩֻͷƤҪˣ۵ѳݣȴҶӱԹ
šͻȻͳһСֽҸὫĶˮԴС
ҩۣɫζЧȴһ¥



615 ǲǾͽȥˣ

ˮԴ
˶ҪȵˮԴ
ǧѩٺҲ֪²ͬѰûóȻӹȴǿʵСֽʲô
һ˦ϣʵģҪʡ
ǧѩŵò˵æǽСֽӹģһõġ
ʲôֻ뱣סԼ׺
ӹˣ˴ߵЦݽòҪˣʲôǧַ
ǧѩĸҺӲӲҲ
£ֻҪԹԵģǲ˺ġߵƺڰƽ¥ңǲҲ⵽ѧԺϳ
䣬һݡ
ǧѩһʲô¶ó
˵ϡǧѩߺ죬Ȼ׹Ϊȥ
ʥŮôܱ衭ǿĲԸһЦü֮ż˿̣ǲˣʱһѧԺѧԺЩѧҲ뿴ʥŮӡ
ǧѩһϣŵֽű𡭡һġ
Źԡʱһڡ
һ뿪ǧѩ֧Ųסڵأ˺ݵĲƺĺۼȫɾ
ģöģҪ۸ˡǧѩ½ϣ̲סҲ֪˶ãվеǸСֽҲýġ
ʲôҪˮԴУɣӦþܰˡ
ǧѩֻô룬Ҳ͸ɫ
Թ緹ǧͷξȥȾס
ȫȻ֪ǧѩʲôҲ֪
ȾסȫѧԺΪݻģ˭ԺѧԺӵߵȨ
ԺУǧҿţԺľʹϺգǾҲд䲻ʵЩأҲ֪Ⱦõʲôӡ
Ŷ룬һߵͷǧŵһ̴ζζŨտʼŻͦһž˾Щᡣ
ǧһ㿴Ⱦڹϣ˫Ƚ޹ǣɫ΢΢ʱƬɫ¶۾
ǧͣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
СνĿͶȥɫЩν£
ȾֿǸǹЦζ֧ӣȴûڵһʱ佫£ãһ£ؾѰ¡
ؾѰ
ǧ£ֳȾ˹ȥ
ĿȾһЦֽ½£á
νĿջأؾѰһ꿪һΣΨѧԺ֮˲ܽ룬ȾԺʲô
ֻѧԺ˲ܽ룿
ְ·ѧԺģǲǾͽȥˣ
ȾϵĲյЦĹ涨ȷֻѧԺ˲ܽؾѰɽҸıˡ
˫һ˵ʲô
ǧһ˲˲ƣһĨڴ֮ɫ
Ⱦ̧̧ƤӣһˣѧԺ̽ѧϰѧʶͦؾֲŲٻԵʺõѧȥǾ̫ϧˡ
ǧ˲Ķϲȥұ
üԵƹأЩ̽ѧϰѧμӣ
⵹СѾͷȻҪġ
д⡣ȾüԺľҲһѧԺʦͬ⣬뷨Ǵˡ
뷨󵨣ΪѧԺʦͬ⣿ο˫ȴּΪ
ԣʱԱŪѧԺģ̽ѧϰѧܲμӡȾ˫һ뷨У̫ˣЩ顣
ǧ۾ֵôܣ˼
˵Ұʲôۣ͸˫ܿһС
Ⱦվɫҷأ˫ʱҪһʱ޳ɡ
εԡ
ǧ̲סֳȾ˼ۣСҪȵʦȫͬ⣬һվһͻֵڶգ
ϲ
ǧȾĿֱֱϣպǧѩԣƼеĺɫȣʮ㣬ͦ
Ȼ˵Ѫ﷨ȣǧҲ΢һ£ŵ𡭡ҾǱȻɰɣҲûô
Ⱦֵڴ䣬ֵҾܸͦʲôȣǴӺδģ
ǧ۾ܾȾô΢Щˡ
̫˽ȾֻھմСĴǣʶһȣȸ½ʱҵĵʦҵģڵʦӺδҾͲ֪ˡ



616 һٻӰ

˵ǴһɽѰ
Ⱦ˽⣬ҲͲ˵
ԭˡȾüһҲûʲô֪ǧûнʵ˵ղôҲƺЩͻˡ
ǧһۣʲôû˵
Ⱦϣ˫Ƚһһ˵ɫȻѾ֪ҵ뷨ˣǱȥɣҲЩˡ
һ꣬͸˵Ľడ
ǧüĿһʲôû˵ŷת뿪
Ÿճ˷䣬ǧ̲סʵ˵ʲôؾѰͷкñ
ɫƽҲÿȷ࣬ҪԵ
ǧɵͷûлԵһﶼҲ
ҾܽؾҲҵһɡǧЦǳǳȴԡ
ǳһЦȴʲôҲû˵
˲ţܿͻصסС
ǧһƨʯϣûмųȥǽռҩƿ˳׼һõȥ
ⲻҲ˲ٵҩ׼ЩӴһʡ
Ҳûܷڲڣܻؿʼ㵤ҩ
αһŵһɼΪĵҩζ۾̽ĿͶǧϣϴ赤
ǧ㵤ҩĶһ٣̲ס̧ο˼ۣһﾹҲʶϴ赤
ǹ⿿ŵİɣȹӻ顭ǧܻؽҩƿӴ򿪣漴һԲޱȵĵҩӳУıӻ飬Ȼһž֪ϴ赤
δһ۾Ϳҩƿеϴ赤
һſԲޱȣȼƷʶøߡ
ϴ赤䷽ʧܾãȻƣҵȼƷʶôߣһ˷ֻ֣»鷳
üͷ壬Ƕ˶ʵϴ赤ȥ
ģ̌˫Գ˫һܵҡҡͷһСľóˣ֪ϴ赤óȥ
ʱϴ赤һ鷳ˡ
ϴ赤üǮɡǧɫᡣ
ǿеľᣬοʵȥа̯еıܹһ򲻴㲻صĻᱩ¶ݡ
ǧ˫˲𣬿Ъˣ˰ɣϴ赤ʧôˣͻȻճ鷳ݲ¶Ҳܻ˳ġ
εͷû˵
ǧѰҩյ׼һõȥ
ס˻׼ȥҪȥһȥ𣿡
ο˿ɫЩˣ֪ǧҲģ߰ɣһȥ
ʱɫ˼֡
ǧҩУ׼ȥˣɵתʱһٻӰǰǵٻӰͽ˶ƽ¥С
ˣգգ۾Ҳ֪ΪʲôǵٻӰ˵Ϥ
̫죬ûü塣
ôˣμվԭأ̲ס˾䡣
ǧܿͶ˷˫ӣƿ촽Ҳûʲô͸տһӰƽ¥Ҳ֪ǲǴܾӰЩϤ
δƿƽ¥ĿˣҲпӵĹˣʱǰεҲ֡
ǧҲмֵǰɡ
鶼ˣδ
ǧͷѾѵҩˣǻȥɡ
κְסС֣һͦĶȴôȻȻǧ޴Ӿٶ
ԴһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
˾ô֣һ߳ҩӣֱߵѧԺŷֿ
ʱƽ¥ĲǱˣǰ챻вǧѩ
ǧȻʮֲּû죬ԭĶͷǧѩǧˣҲͲ֪
ѾˣܸܲңʲôǧѩһͿλϵˡ
ִŲ豭ţְڳһ߸ϵģü۵ʹǿڿһ΢ŮūǸŮū
뷨ǧѩ򴽣Ĳʹ죬˵ʲô
֪˵뷨Ǽװ֪顣
û˵ֱ˦һ豭
顱һˮĽ豭Ҳء
ǧѩܵţС˲԰˼֡
ע˵̬ȡüϵأڲҵ˶ѣʲô͵ʲô˶˴СҪܵͷġ
ǧѩü˳˫ȴǽһҲʢһ⡣



617 еĴ

ڳһģ˾ͦ⣬ҲһЩʥŮôӦ֪ҽν£Ҵϵܸʲô
ǧѩĴңô˵һ˲ȵס
򴽣뵽ʲôһæǿڵѾ㽫СֽĶˮԴˣû㣬ܲܲҪΪˣ
˻£쳣ŨҵĴɫ˭˵һ£ҾͻŹˣʥŮζһδܹýߣ
ǧѩҧгݣȴǸŭԡ
ʥŮҩòһһúýġ˵ţֲǧѩơ
Ĵоһ㡭ǧѩֻ÷ģȴ
ͽǧѩ
ǧѩһ˫ޱȵ˫
һ㶣һʱҲˡ
һЦֱӽλϣ㿪ʼ·ˡ
ϤϤǧѩԴЩΣǸɡδǧѩף˾ͱѹ£ֻܳҵĽҹˮ
ǧѩŷ˵ĥЩǧȴ֪
ǰŶܱߵķΧҲøܰǧҧſӣ̲סο˼ۡ
δŶһһΪŶˡ
ǧ˫ɿֱ۾
̧̲סʵΪ㿴ңԶ𣿡
ǧҧһ¿ӣЩţûʲô;Էʱرţ̲סͶ࿴˼ۣѲ㻹ˣ
䣬üһ
ʧЦһ޶¶繽˳ѣȻ
ǧף¶֮ɫһ㶣С˲˼֣ˣ¶飿
̲ס򴽽ǣ͵͵ο˺üۡ
͵ٴʧЦ뿴ͿΪλҪ͵
ǧüһ̰ڳһģ˵˵˭˵͵ˣ
ǳЦ
ǧһǽԴ¡
μһЩԵĲˣС
ǧŪе׷óԵĲͻȻУټ𣬡ءһھҧסˡ
һСɰģãеЦҲ˼֡
ֹܰ˼գзͻ䣬һϯ
ַĳУ˿ȴ֣ҲĻŻŵģһùԼ
з£ʵڹŹֵĺܣҲ֪ΪʲôаͻȻһ˹ȥ״һڳţÿ춼εһε㳤˯ѣаһ㣬ԭ˭
ǧҲ˵ڷ飬šüͷ̲סʵΣ˵еİΪλԵ޹ε
ܾûô򵥡
ҡҡͷüͷҲҲЩյ壬δ˺ۣжĺۼ
ǧ󣬲ҧҧҲκκۼǿɡ
εͷܾд·ҪȥˣͻȻЩӳпܻ᲻̫ƽ
ǧ֪Ĺǣɵͷ
μ˹ɣ˿ڣ˵ʲôʱ򣬱һӿ첽
ܿڷǰվŴԨ뵼ʦԺȥ˵Ҫ̡
εͷ֪ȾҪʲôϾзô£ȾѧԺԺҲǼȨ֮ˣȻӲ
Ԩ뵼ʦɡֵ
ûжǧ˼ۣƺЩ
ǧһۣʦЩȥɣѧԺ䣬˳
εͷ粽˵
εӰʧǧѧԺй
ŹţǧѧԺãʱвѧۼ棬Ƕ̸з飬ϲ־֮ɫ
ֲ̫ˣȻԵ޹ε˯ѡɪɪ´·ԼϡǧۣüͷҲ
ʵڹΣЩѧẦҲпԭ
ǧ۾̧ʱЩѧںˮ˵̫ˡ
ʱǧһ豭صڶ쳹
顱
豭ӦѣЩںˮѧͻȻز˯һ㡣
һѧҪˮȴǿôһ̣ŵöӶˣЩôͻȻεˣÿ¡ǧ龰Ҳɵɴ˫
ǰεھֵѧԺѧ
Ǿεģ
ǧ۾ǵ̸۳飬Ȼֺ˵ˮѲˮ⣿



618 ֽŵˮԴ

ЩˮӦǳˮԴȡģǺȵöͬˮΪʲôЩû£Щȴεˣ
ѵлԼ֪
ǧ첽Уһ˫ô£ΪͻȻεˣ
Щûεѧһɪɪ¼ˣһʱ˵
ǧûôģ˫һᣬǻ˵
ǱǧһŲڣǸղ̸۷飬˵ͦþˮǸպûھεˡ϶ˮɡ
ʱˮԴˮǧʡ
ѧǵͷȻǣһֱˮ
ЩǶںȣһֱల£ΪǺ˾ͻεǧۣЩ⣬Ծȥ鿴Щˮ
ѧһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧߵõˮ״ղǾˮȵġ
ͷţδʲô֮ǧ۾š
ŵʱīǽˡ
īε˼ѧͷһеѾˣھȻӵѧԺˣ
ô£īȥЦ⣬һ䡣
ѧſ˵Ǻˮεġ
ˮ
ī賯ˮ׵ķȥܿ㿴ǧӰˮȥʲô
ԴɴɴҲע⵽ǧǧǱߣʲô
īƿ̽ˮûȱȥ
ǧѩվһԣ̲סһ
ЩһֱںˮԴеˮ⣬ιȥˣαҪȵڣ
ǧѩЩģȴͻȻ뵽ǰЩˮһЩҩۣЩҩ۲֪ǺѲεף
ǧѩԽԽľ뵽ԼҲˮȴû£İ˼֡
һߣǧڼˮû⡣
Ծûһ㷢֣ʱȴˮЩϸСƯʵ̫Сˣϸֲˡ
ǧüǻһĨЦ
ˮȻ⡭ǧҵ飬˵ӣܲܰҿˮﵽ״ʲô⣿
еسԶһǧĻ͹ɵȥˮԴˡ
һ飬þͷһ˵飬ˮˮȻȾˣͷɫζǲϸƸֲˡ
СѾͷˮıȾˡЩ߿˵
ǧ۾ûоκξȣ֣˵϶ӣ֪ˮʲô𣿡
ñ˱棬ȴЩãȻҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôʣЩȴΪ岻õ˳˾ͻֱεǿ˳ˣʱڲʲôɷõʱһҲε
ǧ۾
˵Ǿͽ͵ͨΪЩ˻úõģЩȴεˣԭǺйء
͸жûʲôûнյһֻҪεѧࡣ
ǧŭҧҲ֪Ǻ˾˼Ŀֻʲô
ǧ㷢ʲôīߵǧߣּ仯޳̲ס㿪һ䡣
ǧī迴һۣСӺʱģ
ɻ󣬵ʵ˵ˮˮȷ˶ֽţڻɣֹˮˮڳеˮԴ˶ֽš
īɾ˾˵еˮԴȾˣ
ǧû˵ϾôڳҲ˵ôĵֻɡϾѧԺܲ͸磬˭ˮжֽţԣҾͲ²ˮԴֽţųзˮԴйء
ĻҲе
ϸеǣǿЩһֱںˮôûε
ɻʱǧѩվ΢еţ˵ЩӺȵöˮԴеˮˮ⣬ǻܺúվ𣿡
Щţǧ̲ס˼ۡ
ֻ֣˵ˮԴ⣬Ϊôţʲôʲôһǧָ⣬ЦЦؿǧѩһۣǺйأЩ̾εˣЩգЩʺùЩʱղŻεЩѧЩأʸãҪٹЩӲε
һ̲סſˮľǧ˵е
жһ˭ʲã˭жף
ǧѩǧüۣɫɷס
һ˲˵Щ
ˣ񲻾ף
ˮԴеҩµģ֪ܲʲôһǲõĶ
ǧѩֱ±˿Σ



619 ˮԴ

ҲֻҵĲ²ѡǧüǧѩЩŹֻ֣ˮԴѣŰɣ
ĪǣˮԴǧѩйأ
飿
ǧѩͣŪö֪ҩۣ
Ŀ̫¶ǣǧѩҲȻֻǲ²⣬ûʮƾ֤þͱⴧˣŪĻ̻̣˭Ὺġ
ǧǳЦֻδȻѣ¹ش˭һεѲɣ
ȻͷǵȻѲ
ǵ֪ˮԴ⣬ǾͲҺˮˡ
ǧѩָ⣬֪Ϊţһ֪ʲôѡ
ǧѩΪţǧһ䡣
ǧѩŵڵأҲ֪˵ʲô
ǧۣ˻ţбЩƽϣԾɲЩҩ۾ǴӺδ
ͻȻһ˵Ժлصˣǧ΢ƣȴɲɫ
Ҿǧ˵ͦеīվͦǧɻǲȥˮԴơ
ǰɻھͳȥˮԴǧæǳҲЩȥˮԴû⡣
һҲˮԴǱ߿
ǶͷӦˣǧѩĻţ汻鵽ˮԴ⣬ǻ᲻鵽ͷϣ
תһ룬ʱüΪΣû˷㾪ŸԼԼ¶ʲôţĴˡ
һ룬ǧѩҲͨˣ߰°ɣϵľ֮ɫȥ
ǧˣ̲ס۾
Ůˡͨʲô
˵ҪȥˮԴ𣿡ɴɴգ۾һ䣬ǿЩȥɣȥˣв˻ε
æǸһ
ȥȻҪȥˡ
Ǳ߰ɡǧתһѧ
ÿ˵鶼ЩӣƺЩԸˮԴ汻ȾˣϾˮԴ⣬ǲᱻ
û⣬ǵεԭֻʲôأ
̫ˡŸ߳ãͼκȾӭ
Ⱦѧ㳲ȤҪȥ
̲סǧ˼ۣоͷġ
ǧϷεĿ⣬һǳǳЦˣȾǳ
νǧû䣬ͷȴǼǧˣǳЦʱԺҪȥˮԴǧû˵ѧǷ׷׿˿ڣеıһĨ£ǾÿˮԴ⣬Żᵼ³ôεڸղţѧԺѧҲεˡ
һȾڶһĨ棬ÿȥȷвѧεڵأһ꣬·ʲôΡ
Ⱦ֪ΣգһεѲȾĿջأɫǲȥˮԴˣҺԨ뵼ʦѾ̽ˣˮԴȷ⡣
ǧ̲סοȥȻѾˮԴ
ֳȥĿⶨģڻشɻ
ǧȥ֪Ⱦ˵öģˮԴ⡣
ȾĻзѧ˲ˡ
ˮԴȻıȾˡ
ǿô죬ǲᱻɣ
ԺˮԴЩһֱںˮΪλû£
û£ȾЦЦ֮ȴӹһ̣ˮԴʣٺһˮžͺһˡ
Եģ
ѧǾ֣뵽ǧĻ˼ȻȾ࣡
ԺǸΣѧ̿ˮ¼ˣǶˮЩӻ᲻Ҳεˣ
Ⱦ̧̧ƤӣֻҪˮˣȻε
ѧź࣬뵽һΪϾ⡣
ǲˮˣǻ᲻
Ⱦ۾һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ˮĻ϶ܱҲûٽĳǳؿԽˮȣУôˮҲ鷳
뵽˴Ⱦҧгݣ֪˭ȾˮԴҪ˸ۡ
ԼǧѩɴһãԼʲôˡѧǼȾ˵һϰ
ˣˣǶҪˣ˭ȻˮԴȾˣ
ǣΪѧԺѧٶ붫ûѧȻҪ
أһôᣬôҡ
ѧǰƬ̣
һʱӷǳȾó֣üͷ壬Ҳ¶˿ͷ죬ѧԺؽлż̳ˮһʱǿʲġ
ѧ㲻ˣȴЩ¡
һˮءǺ뿪ǳأصԼĴ½



620 Ҽȥ

Ⱦһɸ֣߿ԣʱǱ㲻ѧԺѧˡ
ѧһ±ˡ
ֻҪ뿪ͻᱻϳѧԺȾúݣ
ѧҲ뿪ͷǺòײܽѧԺǾˣȥֻ˵ɵ
Ҳῴǣ
ԺǲߣôأѧڨڨһЦһȡ
ȾһͻȻѧԺЩģЩѧһʲô
ǼЩεѧ̧ԺķտšȾԸɫЩѿǼȥؽе̳ȡˮȱǶҪʡŵá
ѧӦһ̾ȥˡ
һʱҲ˼֡
ǧǼڣȾǿһۣ̲סʵҼɫƽʲôԲߣ
ǧȻжԲˣռǿھ֮ߣ뱩¶
򴽣װǸư͡
ī°ͣܿͿڵҪĲ׷˭ȾˮԴӦýˮԴеȻú
뷨ҲȾü̲סεķȥԨ뵼ʦⶾҩ𣿡
ղһֱںͷ֣̽ϣⶾҩ
ɷȴ˵ȱһζҩġȾĻһ䣬ˢˢοȥ
ǧգգ۾Ҳ̲סοȥ
ܾ÷ȫһݲ裬ᵯ٣ῴҲһЩҩⶾҩҲڻ¡
Ŀ£쿪˿ڣˮԴевȷҪⶾҩҲǲԣֻȱһζҪҩġ
ʲôī̲סʡ
ƿ˿ڣǧܡ
˵һ
ʲô
ǧܰǶܽٶϡޱȣǻҲһӵУӵҲֻԼá
ǧһЦ
ǧаⶫϴҩϵõģ˱бѩǶѾˣЧ
ܵĻԼжãԥҪҪó̫ˣװưͰɡ
ǧܵȷЩ֡Ⱦ򴽣û뵽ȴҩľȻǱܣҪ֪ⶫ̫ϡˣǺҲһС
վԭأһ仰Ҳδ˵
ҲǵòȾ뵽ʲôһɫ˲ļ֡
۰ͰͳȾȥҪʲô취
ǧѩָ⣬澪÷ţȴɫȾȥ֪ν
ƼҡȾҩƼң˵һöǧѩܣҪƳһЩѵҩⳡҲܺܿȥ
Ƽң
ǧһ˲¡
ϴǧѩ򶷵ʱ˵ƼңƼҵλճС㡣
λճСҲǻϵħʦҩ¼ãڱչһعŻ䶯ȫǡ
ǧһ䣬ĿһλճСķɡ
Ƽңվڹγһ˳Ⱦ廪׿ԽǰǺͨ˵Ƽ֮˹°ǧѩּΪǻԸó𣿡
ȾüҲ뵽Ƽ֮˵ɣ򴽣зô£Ƽ֮ӦòԹۡ
˭ȥҪǧѩܣĿ΢
ǧѩͰͶƣܾʲףǳúÿһЩͺˡȾסˣڳ˿˼ۣһʱҲò⣬ϾЩѶȡ
ԺҼȥҪɡǧѩ䣬һʱк벻עⶼѣҼÿڲŲܽǧѩҪġ
Ůˣˡǧ̲סǧѩ˼ۡ
ЦЦģֵǧѩ䣬Щˡ
ǧѩʹϵãǧ˵ĻҲû棬Ҿã㻹ǲҪһһýлˣ˿ôã
ǧѩ˫ࡣ
Ǹ߹󲻷ʥŮһҲǿ
ǧѩҧҧſ˵Ȼô˵ֻܽˣĿڲŵȷܺãΪȫǵˣҪȥƼһˣ
䣬ﴽЦЩ⡣
Ҳ˵Ƽ˵ӣ۸ڶҪҪһЩѣοѩ
ţﻹδ̤ƼҴţͻᱻ
һ뵽˴ǧѩ;泩죬ѹµҲɢ˼֡
ǧۣܿͽеƿŮ˻һǱ˰ɣҿڲһ㣬ƢҲ꣬һƼˣʱһˡǧʼ磬˵ɷ¡



621 ϲ̨

û뵽Լǧѩ޺޵ض
ȾҲµؿˣȻǧ˷˼ü̲סοһۡ
˵Сϱ˼
˰վţȾĿӶǶǧѩ˼ֵ⣬ȸ½Ů˾Ͳ֣ѧԺɲ֡
ȥƼ֮£ͲˡĿһƳɲһĨй
ǧѩһʶһ
˺ÿ¡ǧѩ̿ˮǲҿ˵ˣûãֿǧĿڲŵȷǺãҵ벻ʺϵˡ
ǧܾͻȻȥǸƼҾʲôġ
Һʣǧգգ۾̲סǧѩǱȥ
γһۣһĨСѾͷ֪ʲô뷨ˡ
ǧѩҲһ±ƣû뵽ͻȻɴǰܺʣ㵱治ȥƼ𣿡
ȻҺʣȥһҲǲԡǧ֮дżֽû֪Щʲô
ǧѩһ˲˷ˣ㵱Ҫȥ
ȥǧһ˫۾ֱֱͶǧѩϣҪͬһȥʱҲиӦԺ˵أ
˵ʱǧֽĿͶȾϡ
ȾµĦ°ͣһʱҲ֪ʲô⣬ȻǿԵġ
ǧѩǾһͬȥƼҰɡǧתͷĿеЦǳǳģȴֳ⡣
ǧѩһ֪Ϊξмּɵǧѩָ⣬֧֧ӦһǾȥɡ
ǧеЦƺ˼֡
ȥƼƣƼ֮ƺǹ°ģ˷ǧѩȥ޷Ǿƶѡ
߰ɡǧһۣ漴̧Ų
·ߵʱǧ½ŲһʦͬǧѩȥƼһˣܿˡ
εʲôҲû˵˫֮ȴһɫ
ǧĿջأϵСȴȸղŸÿ˼֡
ǧѩɫһۣ漴ЦǸ˾빴Ǹӡ
ǧ֪뷨̧žƼȥ
ƼңҩңǳмߵĵλƼ˵Ҳֻ֧Զ½
֧Ҳı䲻Ƽҵĵλ˭ǻҩƳĵҩƷʼá



622 Ҫ

Ƽҵĵҩǧȴвͽǣö֮Ҳǹ°һӡ
ʱǧǧѩѾվƼſڡ
ǧǰ»լӣз̰һ䡣
Ǯˣ
Ϊҩжɷǣû뵽ӹףӣҶſڵֻʨӽô죬ӳʱӲӵģҲ
ǧѩҲû뵽Ƽһ˲ƴ֣ɵֱ˫ЩᣬƼϵѣ˲ƴ֣˲֪һ
ǸģǧЦ
ǧѩָܿƽ·ǰ
ʱƼҵС˽£ǺˣƼҲط
ǧѩ½ŲɫҲЩѿȸ½˭ס
ڳһ߰ģ鷳ͨһ˵ѧԺλѧǰݷá
ܵɢѹСҲ֪ͨ˾æȥͨˡ
ǧЦЦؿûٻ涺
ûСǾͻˣһϢλƼ˵ǽȥ
ǧüû뵽ͦ˳
ܿ죬˸С˵ĽŲ뵽լڣһ뵽ͷǧ͸о뵽һУÿһǽӲӵģǻƽƳɡ
ǮˡǧѩҲû뵽˿ţһʱ侹Щˡ
ǰͷС˼ˣЦһټ֣ϲ̨桭ûãС˾ڴǰͣ£ͷˡ
˸ȥСֵǼһϲϲ̨ˣһ˵Сһ㡣
ǧüͷһ壬Ҳû˵ʲô
ǧѩһͼСһңѿ˼֣㲻һС˶ѣǰ˵ûûˡ
Сֱ̧ˡ
ǧѩıӰ۾ֱӵԲˣôûûصģ
ǧѩ뿪˵ЩʲôһۺŮͷ˳λѧԺѧЩɡ
ǧѩ̰Ҫ˵Ļѹȥ·ͦؾ˽ȥ
ǧȴվڴſڣ˫ȴ
ƼҼȻǸŮӣȼҲ͡
ſĥһ£̧Žڡ
һ룬ǧ㿴λһŲɫ۵ŮӣŮӳͨȴޣ˲Ρ
ǧɫλϿȥֽĿջء
λϵŮ˻һȦϵĲյٴοʵǱѧԺѧ
ǧվһû˵ڸҲǼ͵ġ
ǧѩȴ££װ߹ƼӦ֪ЩӳзĴ°ɣ
㳯ǧѩһֻۣŮ˹λģЩģеĴȻ֪ˣһЩε˶ѣйأ
ȻйˡǧѩüŬάƣƼ֪ˮԴȾˣʹðεǴ˷ǰѰƼİ
ǧѩΪ˵ô󷽵壬֮ҲһĨǳЦ¶
ֳǧѩ˼ۣڴڼûۿǧǰˡ
ǧҲֵڣƼǺģģִͷĻǽǧѩɡ
ѰѰʲôİüϵѹء
ǧѩ˫һһ˵ţƼһöǧܣǧܽٶƳҩȻˮԴָԭ
üһȴǶһĨ⣬ġ
Ҳ˵󣬾ҲֻһöʲôΣվԼʳõģһСѾͷܵ⣬ֱ롣
㵱Ҫܣ㽫豭ϣԴҲ˼֡
ǧѩûеЦſڵǰΨǧܲܽˮԴָԭ״ƼԴΪء
ЦһʲôҲû˵
ǧѩָ⣬ȴЩˡ
ǧЦЦؿǧѩҲ֪ɵǼɵƽ￴ͦ飬ôһؼʱ̾ͱˣеĳЦôԣûз
СѾͷҲ֪ɵǼɵ㻺վһ˫۾ϲϴţôΪһὫǧܸ㣿
ЩǧѩüͷƼ⻰ʲô˼
һɫ۴ϣԵϽЩ£ǧϡеĶСѾͷҪǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ܵϵѹǧѩŵЩ
Ů˺ǿƼ⻰ʲô˼ǧѩɫס



623 

ٴλϣһ˫۾ǧǲóģԺҲ
ǧʶ㿴һۣŮ˻ֱӡ
ԣǧѩȴǱˣƼôˣȫǰյ㲻𣿡
һӣһ߰ƼҩңֲǾȫǰΣֻҪƼ֮£Ǿ£Ƽ֮εˣҲа취ǾȻˡ
ǧüĿһӴŮ˻ͦš
ΪԼܵģ
ǧѩɫһðβһԼƼҲ̫Ѫ˰ɡ
üĿһҲһ㲻ͷѪСѾͷܳǮǼֽⶾҩҲ޷Ҫǧ붼룡
ı
ǧѩӲˣ˫һʱ侹˵һ仰
Ƽҵĵҩҩ۸ɲͣСѾͷ㻹ͬԺһ°ɡüڳһ߸ϵģرˬ
ǧѩ䶯ǣҲû˵һ仰
ȻûˣͿЩ뿪ɡһۣЦƼҲ̫ӭˣнҩҲÿ顣
ǧѩɫѿǷߺ޵ģƺҪɱˡ
ḧϵĲյǧѩһۡ
ǧüͷ쳣ǻŵҩѣүһ㣬Ҳκ˷
ߣü˵һ䡣
ǧѩЩҧгݵģƼ㡭ǧôҲ˵仰ٲ˵ǻкصѧԺ
һڣע⵽ǧ
һŮӣһϮ£Ҳǲ׵ģ΢Ƭ̣ܿͻ
㶳ǧһۣɫ̫ÿ
ôÿ빴˭
Ǹӡ´ǧۣδʲôɫ
ɫѿǧʶԼвɣôڳӣ
ҲҪǧܣüʼûиǧɫ
ǧѩˣеԹ˲ɢ˲٣Щġ
ǷߵĶῴɫ
ǧüһϵЦǳǳģƺżֳζƼѾ˵ὫǧܸˣҪҲǧѩûпƣΪƼǸĳˣʲôèҪء
СѾͷеɫôԽԽ֡
Ѫ
ǧѩɫҲѿڼè
δ㿪˵ǧתˣȻƼѾǾͲˡ
䣬뿪
ɫڣֻ뿪Ƴͷʱּǧѩվһ̲࣬סôߣĪôҪƼҳԷ
ǧѩҧת뿪
˭ϡƼҳԷ
ȥԺǧûǧѩֱתͻסݡ
ǧѩ黹ڵ͸ˡ
ˣοпɣ˿
ǧͷȻק䲻ţղȥƼңͷ˵ţλƼŶš
䣬ͷǱ㿪˵ҩһ㶼Ƚϸ߰Ҳǹ߳ģοƼҩҡ
ٸ߰ҲֻϵѡǧüΣ½ֱϵǲǸӸ߰
εĮȻʵ۶ҪǼ֣ǵȻҪ߰š
ǧ˫һСڷֱϲ˲䣬ҲҩƵĵҩƷʶףǲҲӦø߰һЩ
ǳЦ̲סֵ˵ıӣȻԣ룬㲻̫ϲ
ǧ漴Ƴͷ˽ҡ
ҵޣȻ˽⡣γţΪˡ
ǧ򴽣ֺ˼֣
ξǸСģرɰЩסӡ
ǧѩԼһֻŪСʵҧ˷εָϣ쵰ұӡ
ǳһЦзǳ㣬ټɢڼͷڷúһҧңη֣
ǧһ㶣ʶɿ
ҧòأɷεָһССӡεӡڰָϣԵøͻأ
ǧһۣ˫
ĦӡͷһĨɫӣҧúˬ
ǧľٶϵĺônȥ̵ģ·ܽԼˣҧۼڷУҲĸ˻ᴳ



624 û

ǧתת
ȥҪǣűߣСˡ
ʦˡǧһֱֽϵƤ߳£ɲǣı¶ڿУһͷڷһ˵С
գ۾ȥľٶ
ǧָ٬ε°ͣǸģͺƴүϷŪСӡ
ˣüһƣ˵ı£Ҳѧңھʦҽˡ
ɫݣͷȴ˼ڴ뵽ڶμԡͰභĳ棬ʱһֻСҰèղܡ
ʲôû˵ǰڳһģ
ǧ򴽰꣬оһĨ˷ܣ˵ķмܲסɵķ붺ŪǶŪƹǵǺˡ
ʦƤáգգ۾СֲڷƤɣ᲻÷֡
ǧʵ̲סһڣҲ~
õһβϷŪеĶԣƦƦġ
˷ܣҲŬݺ˭֪ѲλɣͷһŻҪըˡǧĴܾºƻص˸ռʱŪ޶ԣŪ
ǧֲĦûþȻĴϡ
ü۶Ħ
΢˫ȣʱʱкƮɢ˻顣
ǧŵýȥˣŵؽַ֮ϣ͹Ϊ£򴽽ǣֱӴȥҧһڡ
ָһŬϵѹ¡
ǧˣûַεĲԾ֣Ỻؽ⿪һɲǣ׳ļͱ¶ǰ
һۣܵ˹ƻ󣬾СĦ˼£ЦĵƣΣڸоʦ𣿡
δһ˲ͶĿ⡣
˫Ө貣ģһˮٶɫһеһŻҲѹȥ
ǧɺţ㲻״
ΪԼˣȫû뵽ѲǰķΡǰķиоȴܺܺõѹȥڵķҲиоǣңҲѹȥˡһѿסǧļֱȨǧֻһת漴㶿ѹԼϵķΡ
תˣ
գգ۾ЩŪ״
βӦʱ䣬ֱס˫һʱ򣬸еһŻ𱬷˳
ǧܵϮһ˫۾ɵɵô
ˣã
ǰһˡʵģɧйװܽıʼ治ס
ǸܵĲרģǵø롣
ǧ˲˼֣СҲõͨͨ졣
Ҳ֪˶ã㽫ǧɿˡ
Сףƽ˼ζüݺݵص˷һۡ
Ҫˡδ˳ŨܵĽëÿͬǰһˣңһܲסҲ˺ͺӡ
ǧͷһʵﲻһˣ
ָԼĿڣɵȴһĨ֮ɫҲ޶ԣһãҾзӦˡ
һ䣬ǧоһӲĶ˹Ѿ£Ȼ֪ʲôǺ죬һȴԾɬû뵽ķΣ
ζСڵɫŨ˼֣ȫóġ
ǧ򴽣Ҳڹඣ
ҺϲǸӣСҰèһצĺܿɰС֣оǳ硣
ףǧҲҪˣȴǼģϲܱӦĸоǰô£²͸
ȻһƥҰޣƤޣ
뵽ȸ½ķǧһκˣޣ
ʲôǳʵ
ǧһֻըëè˲䵯˵˵Ҳûʲô
Цɳÿͷ̴̱¶ڿС
ô룬㳨˭ǧһ䡣
ʧЦһ⿪ģ񵹺ãһңʵڿɰ
££ش𣬡㡣
ǧ¶ķ羰һǻ
βȴģϲ̲ס
ǧЩ죬ôһ󣬾͸ˡ
νϵãܿͽԼ룬ɫҲĵӨѩ˰Ҳй



625 

ǧһۣܿ뵽£㿪ʵҪܣƳⶾҩ𣿳еˮԴܽ𣿡
Ȼ֪Ҫܣȫ޲֮ɫֻǵˮԴⲻ֮˽һˮԴһڰϢ
ڰ᣿ǧۣһ뵽ľˡ
ϴˮԴҩۣ
Ǻڰµ֣Ƕк֡üһ˿ˮԴ⣬鷳
뵽ڰħܿħޣˣǧͷƤЩ顣
ȷӦþǧŤͷοȥſڵͷһöܵģҩʤĽƷҪҿԸ㡣
룬㿪ڵҰɡ
ǧȡЩᣬ֪ҪԴΪأ㡣
νӹܣ֪ЩʲôæǿȰοϾƼּΪߵƼȡܣֻ²һʱڰ˾ܷ֣±ҪģɱǸֲ
ǧ֪ڰ̫࣬ȷӦ÷š
᲻ñܣ½ҶŪһ㡣ζĵġ
ǧһ㶣һʱ侹û뵽˵
ҪôȥŪ
ܲȥƼɣ
δִܾ׼ȥⶾҩⶾҩЩ鷳ҪңԼġ
֪ģַ̌ѾصԼУһɲǣÿտҲĿġ
˫½ⶾҩѾʣµıȺεˡ
ĿƺѾεҩˡ
ζⶾҩҩҪգҩҪ
ķȻ۵Ľ
ƼȺۣȻҪǳѪС
ǧɫ˰һĨ׸֣ƺѾ뵽ǳѪķˡƽ¥
ǧѩ̤ج֮أԽԽ£㲻ˡ
ǰգڷ˯ǧѩˣҲ¶һĨɻɫ
Ůôھˣ
Ѳɣϻδι
ˣ
õ˵ǧѩԥһ£Žķ䡣ķ谵ǰɴŽգҲýھҹ
ǧѩֱֻۣɭޱȡ
˹֡ʲôĪûι㣿ϰֺڰʹںڰܹ
ι
ǧѩܿ׹⻰ʲô˼˫ߵͨͨ졣
Ҳǡǧѩ˫ſ˵ֻʣҵǰҩ۾ʲôΪΰǺˮһεˣ
˫˷ܵһϷ㿪ʼˣݵĸΪһЩ͸ǻ᳤˳ֵʱˡ
ǧѩһѪҺҲЩ̡
Щҩ۹⣬һֱıأ󲻹һöӡ
ʮ飬ҲˣǱ֪ѣҲǸ߸ϵʥŮˡ
֪ðҩ⣬ΪҪȥ룿ǧѩ˫ףҲǸ߸ϵʥŮΪҪΥ飿
˼˽ס°ͣЦҵʥŮˣŪʱעҪħΪ飬ȫ˸Ͳܣ
ǧѩָ⣬һˮۿл䣬˭㾿˭ΪҪôң
ң˶һβɫڰħʦ˵𣿡
ǧѩһȻ˵ǸطǸŷɥĵط
⻰ʲô˼ǧѩͷһ£ܾپЩ
˸ǧѩһһ˵䣬ǺڰˣΪ£൱ΪǺڰ£Ϊ㻹ȫ𣿡
ǧѩµѪҺѾ̣ӣˡ
ǺڰģȻǺڰġ񾹱ɺڰ߹ˣ
һҪı飬ã㱻ŪʱѾˣҵʥŮˡ
ǧѩ򴽣˵һ仰
ʥŮȫûš˽ùԹ£ȻҪѡ
ǧѩø
ò׽ܾʹ˻𣬾ħΪ飬Ҳ飡
ҶúΪ¡ǧѩ򴽣̱ü˳ֻ㣬ѳɲɣ
ֻҪԹԵģҾԲẦ㡣˷ܵЦ



626 ڵķ

ǧѩӣɾδ
˵˵Щӳڷô¶ѧԺǷûʲôжۣͻȻ˵¡
ǧѩһţŴӵʵ˵ѧԺѾ֪ˮԴˣǻȥƼҪܡ
ɫһƳⶾҩȻܽˮԴеĶء
ѧԺйȻи˵ģ
Ȼأʡ
ǧѩ˵ʱЩŭɫȻ󣬱ûҪǱƼһ٣̫
áЦҪܣ޷ˮԴ⣬ʱǳر᳤ˡ
˷ܣǧѩЩ
֪鲻ãСְοʱǳرݣνƼұᱻڽŵ£һΪūò𣿡
ǧѩ˫һʱɢ˲٣棿
ȻNɪֻҪʱһǳرṥݣͷֻܳΪūҵŮˣΪǳصŮˡ
ǧѩ򴽽ǣмĶ
Ů˰ܰ
㻹ʲôǧѩָ⣬Сʵ
һתЩӣй۲ѧԺһУѸҿɲмʲôӡ
ǧѩ˵ͷȻѾֻӲͷƤˣǳس𣬵ʱ˭֪С
һ룬ǧѩʱ࣬뵽ʲôһæǲˣˣǵȳǳعƣܲܽһ˸Ҵã
˭˳һ䡣
ǧѩü͸һĨǧ
ۣ䴽ЦǧҲһЩԹʱһʰɺã
ǧѩ͵س˿ȥ͸żɻȴֲҶһ䡣
Ƿ˻ͦడȻǺõģʱǧѩһĨĹ⸡֡
ĳֽѹ¡ǧѩҧҧܿЦӭϡ
ƽ¥ԺǧѩһֱעѧԺĶ򣬼ѧԺгܲûõǧѩһֱͦ
ûãڵķˡҲ֪˭ɢҥԣֱӽìͷָҩңƼҡ
˵Ƽ壬ҩҴţóȳǳˣе˵ƼҪû٣ǳʱϴһʣ˵ƼҪЩ԰գʰֱߡ
ҥһʰ
ǱĻŻŵģּѻԲѣֱӱˣҥֱӾˣһ˳ͷ׼ȥƼ¡
ⲻ컹ûôƼſھͼ˰ա
ȫûԵİնˡ
Сһộ˲Żˡ
˭ΪƼ£
ʶĿЩߣȻǲˡ
СԶԣմڻ̿״̬Сצľˡ
Ǿͷߺںš
Ƽҩң뾹ûа֮ģǵѽεƼȴô˻һʡ
ǣƼҵǲʲ壬εҩҴţǷǳʱƼҾ׬Ǯ
ޣƼҡ
˵ţǷ׷׳ƼſڶҶӣһʱζѬ죬ֵС˲֪Ǻá
Ƽ
Ƽܲܰǵҽİ
ڶ࣬Сֲܽһֻܻܽȥ档
ûãʹͷ˳ɫںڵġ
һԾûͣĺĶ˾ְ
㿴һƬǽĴſڣ˲ŭˣǸǵĵӣȻƼҰ
Ǽ˲Цڶ¸ɶ
޿֣ŭˣҲˡ
ٴЦҲͰˣ񾹻вǣƼ֮˹Ѫ飬
ǲһףųͷš
Ƽ֪ѾƳѵҩ㾹һֱҴţַǳʱ㻹׬ǮֱɥĲ񡣡
ǣĻ̻̣вǣҲ£Ǽһ㽫Ƕɱ˰
ǧոߺ㶼Щ¡
ֻŻŻǣĸҽȫնɱƼҪĨڣ
ǵҪΣҧ˲
æǿڵƼ뽫ѵҩҽȫǻԵ˾ѣ
ԣһѪ
Ҳ˵ȫǻԵжˣ˵ҩĲҲв٣ʲôĶ£ǰװ׽Ҫ



627 㽻ҩ

¶ɫȻǲԸģôֲǾ
ԲҲܴӦüһǿӲҩĲϼΪƼҴǿЩɢ˰ɡ
˲䱩ŭ
Ǿ֪ܰƤԹԽҩ
Ѫ飬Ҫ׬Ǯ
첱Ӵֵģ˵ĻҲ³
㣬㻹ûİǶ㾹ȻҪˣ֪ҩ󣬿ɾһʤ߼Ҫµġ
㲻ú
ʮ˲
Ӿú
ţļҲȥˡ
ƼҵĵճСڱչأ汻ʲôôǿɾˡɫ࣬ȴЩûа취
Щаˣ˴ηҲ֪˭Ϣ͸¶ȥģ޳ҧгݣȴҲŮǰ;ЦһΨЭ߰ȻҪҩԣһͿҩʱǽԿŶȡ
һ䣬˲俪ˣ̵ת뿪ȴȡҩ
ȫɢȥòѪ
ôȻһȺǣűˡ
ˣҪֳֿ¡ԽԽģǺڵġ
СվһԣСʵƼһǻҪҩ𣿡
ȻˡҧҲٱȺֱǴùͷ
˵ţתլڣ˽ȴֲͷſڵЩණֱģ
СǼŭ壬ɨɨֽ
סڡ
ǧÿСԣ˲ֿ˻ʱĺܺڣ
סú˿ڲˮٴ߶߶ǧİƼſھۼ㱾˦ɫ˭֪ǾȻͳҶӣŪƼˡ
ǧϵĲյٴιЦ𣬡Ƽҵ̫ţôһҲǸһѵ
СѾͷ㵱ǶȻôļƲߡһ̾˫Ҳðһƾ⣬͵͵ҥɢȥƵðȥ֣ͨҲ鲻ϡ
ǧüһҴţֻЩ¶ѣϾһʤ߼
۾û˵
ǧٴ˵ҷⶾҩô࣬Ƽ֮˲ֵһôɣ
䲻ȥ
˵ô࣬žһʵĿġ
û뵽ͷоȻôҪˣǰҪҪģŰˡ
ǧõıЩŹ֣ܾЩΪ㿴ң
צ°ͣЦûʲôֻǾеĹϵˣ󲻹ҩѣˣ
ǧһ죬˵˵ٺ˵㶪ռ䲻ˡ
顣ЦøĪ⣬һ˾ģ
ǧһת뿪
ýţҪȥ
ǧͷѩ׵½Ǳ紵ƮƮһϸ㲻˵ƼҪҩȥӦܴյ֡
֣һת̱˷Ҳϣϲˡ
ǧûҵ飬ֱӱþͷߡ
ûͷѧһҲͷܣȥҩ˵ģǧһۣͿٽĿջ
ûãƼҩĳҩڷУŸոմ˲ٰգԽԽ࣬̾ͽ⴦طΧˮйͨ
ô԰ʳİգɫ˳Ҳһֱߡ
С˶߷Ըһ䡣
СǵͷܿƼ˵ˣһÿһƿҩöá
ǧվ⴦̲ס㿴ȥ
˻ǮˣȻŪôӲԵĹ涨Ҳ°ǻ
ǧָ⣬Ҳϲּ̫ĶЩҲ
ţǱߵİջһÿֻȡһݣͲˡ
Ƽ㵱治ôεȴ˵ÿֻȡһݣһﹻЩûҩİոΣ
ǣƼ˷ڲ
Ƽ׬Ǯ㲻ú
֣޲ýƼʮ˴ȥ
㱻ʵͷֲۣðôֻüÿ˾ͰεȡҩɣˮͱҲˡ
ǵɫźࡣ



628 ҩ

ɫڣʵܲˣֱ̱ϡ
ǧ龰䴽Ц
СѾͷĺȤһ˷ܣͺ޲ٵùһ㡣
ǧ䣬ڵЦλεģر򣬡Ƽˣ߰ǸӵģðֻЭ
ÿǰ־磬һ̡
СѾͷҪȥȥȡҩ𣿡ôצӣر뿴Ĵ
ȻѾˣһƿҩҲǧǰմ־ߣͻȻ뿴ƼҩΡ
ƼңҩңҩӦܲɡǧڶ棬ܳһҲ֪ʱֵԼüһûżɫ
Ҳ֪˶ֵˣǼСһۣ漴ڳһ۸ڶģмε
ǧۣһĨɫ۵׾ۼҼʮˣεˡ
䣬һЦҶɫͶҪһЩ
Сüͷ壬ǣ˿ڵͦ࣬ǸˣŪ㡣
ǧɫ˿в
С˱еɫһŹԹԽƿҩݵУЩúðɣŪ˾Ͳˣ֪𣿡
ǧЦһӹҩתߡ
С˿ıӰ̲סһһ⵰ѾȻҰɫģ
õҩԺǧȲͽƿӴ򿪣һɲǣһƵҩζƮɢڱ䣬ǧһװ̻ɫҺ壬ҺζʱǽҩζҲ˳
ǧ˿ܾƿҩͨεĸûȡ
ǵ÷ҩãȥʱʶǰһƿ³ŲʣҩˮҲϡͣҩԶûˡ
ɫҩƼģǧ
٣Ҫ
ǧǰҩЦҩҲֵ˺ǷҩҪͷѪɱˣ
ɫ͸ãöҪġҲĿһۣ˲
ǧҡеҩҲ°ˤˣɫҲҪǧ治֪ЩɵǴδõҩ
ʼ磬˭֪׼ôЩҩ
ǧʹŰɣһء
㡣ôһǷһͻصռ˯ȥˡ
ǧҩй䣬һܱ쳹
ɲ֮涼ʼǧؿܣȴʲôû֡
ǧ˫ͷһĨõԤС
ô£
ΪλͻȻҵ
Ѳֻȸ½ǰ㣬бħǣ
뷨һǧͳû˷ֵʱ򣬿¥֮ϣȥֳ⾲ģħ޵ӰӶûƼ
ûħޣǸղŵηģ
ǧ˫ת뿪ȴֳмӡӡģϸΪǳذݣǵĵȷȷħ޵ĽӡҺܴźˡ
ųĽӡͷƤ΢΢飬ħǵȷˣߵʲô
ǧųĽӡ˫һֱߣʱħͻȻǣֻ»ɱó˴ֲڰħʦ˹
ҩˡ
ǵľҩôö˶ȫء
ǧųӡʱ򣬳аպһ죬ǧٴӳ¥׼ȥǱһ̽
Ÿһ߽ͷϵЩҩȫˣ̻ɫҺһأҩζҲ漴Ʈɢ
ҩɫ
غգһݣϵҩûʱüѣͼ˰ɡ
ƼҩôͻȻˣ
ƼܲȥһЩҩȻҩЩԵ˸Ѳ
ƼһЩҩ
һһģԴ˲ըѣô֪ҩͻȻѣҪ־͹ָղŵ죬ǽҩģɶ
Ǹղŵ콫ҩġ͵ҩ̼Ϊ鷳ЩҩҲǰЩӲģҪʱ䣬ԸȾ͵ȰɣǲԸͰˡ
ֻҧҧԸȡ
ɫ࣬ϣЩղԸȣǡԺȡҩɡ
ǧ˵ģ׹ôˡ
ԭǸղŵҩˣ粻ƫƫʱѲǹģ
뵽˴ǧȻɴ˫Ҳ׹ЩħΪλ˾ߡ



629 ħޱٳ

ԭǵĿЩҩҩһǾͲŵ˾ͻԽԽ٣ҲӵСֱ꣬ӱ
Ļ̵̻ʱħǣǳֱӲƣ׵ĺܡ
뵽ֿܣǧ˫ɫΪ˼֡
Щħ޲ȻǱڰ˲ٿˣǳڳˣӦûвٺڰˣȻǲһʱõƼҩϢ
ֲ÷˵ܽܵų汻ڰ֪ճֵĽħֱӱٳµĳ档
ǧԽԽľܾðһ˫۾ڶһһͷƤ顣
ָ⣬һʱҲ֪Ρ
˸Ī⣬óȻжǴݾߣǷβҲ֪ݱʲôģֻηοЩҩƳɣҲܻеĻŸС
˼ʱѾ뿪ҩ뿪Ҳˣһʱÿտ쳣ֻһصǽ塣
ǧŵ֧ҩüͷ
ʱǧһӰСһ
۾Ȼȥ
ʵڽƻһ͸ˡ
ǧ򴽰꣬оżְգ̧뿪ȴͨƽ¥ġ
ô˵ղӦˣ˵¡ǹй۲ųеһʱ˵Ĳڡ
ǧԶƽ¥ȥĿⲻ䡣
ڻܴݾߡǧȻת׼صסȥ
ƽ¥
ղŵǵӰǧѩ֮ȥ۲֮˵һһ־Ļǻġ
ˣƼҩͻȻһЩҩȻˣŹֵĺܡǧѩŶ˵˳ǲΪôǹŹ֡
һۣ˲ЦʲôùŹֵģЩ춯Ūġ
ǧѩһһʱ侹˵
ȻŪ춯
ɻЦøӲſ˵ʥŮɻǵãȸ½ħ޹¼
ǧѩһ㶣ȻǵãЩħ׺쳣ǱڰסˣǳɱˣŪĻ̻̣ڴʦֽסˡ
Ȼ֪ɸ춯ʲôϵ
Ǻڰóħޡһڣֵ˵ħԺ󣬲ɱ˳ˣҲŪ޴죬ӶЩҩ𡣡
ǧѩָһȻѾħޣղһ˲ħǱٳ£
ɴ˫Щδ
˰ǧѩС֣ҵʥŮֻҪԹЩħǲεġ
ǧѩҧŤͷʵ˵Ҫǳعݣħݳǳ𣿡
һð취𣿡һЦסǧѩ˫շת࣬ҵؼȡе
ǵ߻صʱźĽſˡ
ǧѩ̰˼ڿŲʵΪβֱħǹǣǳسҪġ
ڻʱ򡭡۾ڵȻ᳤˵ָʾ
Ϊβʱ򣿡ǧѩŹеֻһĨУħһǣֳǳؿ϶ᱻ𣬶ҳ֮εεµĺ£ʱѾȲǧˡ
һѿס°ͣԵ˵ʱ򣬾Ͳʱ򡣻᳤˵ó֮ٿ־һ㣬һ㣬ʱٳǱûκλֻ֮׸
ǧѩһҲ⻰еҲԣʱޣֻеķݶ
ԡһѽǧѩ뻳У˫ĦţҵʥŮ㻹ʲô𣿡
ǧѩǿŶģǿջЦûκˡ
ͺú÷ҡаһЦ˫չʾǧѩΪ¡
ǧѩһΨ˳ӡ
ԺлᣬһҪ
ǧصסԺ󣬾ͷַɷŽգûаҪļ
뵽úħǿҪǣЩס
аվӶ࣬սľѧԺˣѧԺ࣬ΪʱĽһЩ츳õģЩ츳һͱ֮⡣
Щսһħ޴ֻб˺ѵķݶҪħ޴սͱ˶࣬Ҫ˶ͱȥļһЩܴ
ļǧתת뵽һƲߡ
æ߳ʱֳεķſڿȥδǧջĿ⳯Ⱦסȥ


630 ҩ

뷿ʱǧȾڹϣģˮһ㡣
Ժǧһ
Ⱦ̧̧Ƥӣмֵ٩⻹һҵסݣ˵˵ɣʲô¡
ǧÿ£Įȴ쳣ԺҸղŷֳһЩħ޵Ľӡ룬ղŵӦħǷġ
Ⱦ֧ӣղŵҲܵˡ
ңҲòͬѰ
أʲôȾ۾ЦЦؿǧ
ǧĿ⣬鲻䣬ɵģʱƼҩɵһЩҩȻˣһЩΪҩһɣǳкڰˣ¾ֳġ
ȾûκξѾ֪кڰˡ
Ȼأƿ
ǧ͸Ψм˵һɣǴ˷ǵսһֱûˮĻŻŵ״̬£ʱЩʲôҲûٷ
ȾһһʱСѾͷ쳣
ãǻЩʲôȾüʡ
ǧһЦŻش𣺡ħǡڰóħޣǾñƵħңǿ϶ʼʩ
ȾֱӣǧĿҲ˼ͣСѾͷʦϻۣһ˿͸⣬ȫ㿴͸ˡ
ǧЦЦǿ͸Ҫħҧˡ
ȻѾ͸кΰ취ֹȾüһ䡣
ǧ˫ֽһĪ⣬Ժһ¸Ӧԡ
Ⱦ¡
ǧһٹ󣬼˵Ҽҵʦⶾҩҩ֮ǰǸļһЩսȻħǣֻæҡ
ûҪ𣿡Ⱦü
ǧۣ˲һЩ;ŪģΪ˲úڰֱ֪ӲҴˣԺӦò˵ȥɣ
ȾһЦȻ֪˵˵ɣļս
֪⸽мӶᡣǧüһ˫͸˲鶯˼֣ӶÿչŵѪӣҪıǵҩѰҩǸ߼ҩǶҪġ
Ⱦ䴽ʾ˵ȥ
ǧĿ⣬ϧҩļ۸ܹЩнҲ򲻵ԵҩΪɱħ޵ĽƷ˵ǻԹ𣿡
Ⱦ˫Ȼ
СѾͷǴϻۣȻַӡ
˵ӶԵ˿ҩΪƷţǲۺ
ȷǸ÷ӡȾŪϵĲյʣɵҩ˵оеģѧԺҲòô൤ҩ
ǧһΣһĨ֣︡ǳﲻǻƼҩҵҩȻ಻ʤ
ֿĺ¾Ƽȥɡ
еҩǲѪһֺã
ƼңȾ۾Ҳ䴽ЦϴȥƼҶȻܵ裬˷˵뱨ɣ
ôܣǧЦһۿȥһֻС꣬Ϊǳǳǣһ㱨˼ԺôҾͲˡ
ȾǺһЦôƼ֮˵Ҳ֪ģǸ߰ҪǮ˵ǻƽ޹ʽҩɽƷţ
ǻġǧ촽˫֮Ʊ仯ʲô֮УĵճŮڱչħ޴֣Ů˶Ϊޣǲóҩ͵ɣ룬ԺĿڲŶ˵㣬֪ħ޴Ŀֲ
Ⱦ̾СѾͷȥв㡣
һŮ˵вСѾͷǴͣ
˵÷ӼãһұȥƸȾ˷䣬ɲһһζƮɢ
ǧһۣʲôû˵
˷ǵƼҳѪƼޣƼҼҴҵŭ˺ڰӦȫˡ
ʱæŶԸƼңӦʱѪѪˡ
ǧ뷨漴վǣȻѾ˵ãұ뿪ˡ
ȾֱֱıӰıӰʧŽĿջء
һ̧ųƼȥ
Ҳ֪Ⱦ˵ʲô֮ƼҾȻ˵ҪҩΪɱֻħ޽άһѪͲɱʮֻͽšɱһֻȻһöյ
ϢһųǳظӶȫˣǱħʬǰһҩ
ǱǱԵ̬ȴû뵽õһѪͲһƼҳƷĵҩֻǵͽףƷȴڰʮϡ
Ʒҩ



631 

Ӷŵҩӯ
ƼҳƷĵҩȻֻǵͽףƷʺð
ƼҵĵҩǧȻͳѽҾȻõˣһӶûźˡ
Ǹ˵ɱһֻħ޽õһöյǿЩȥɱħްյʲôĸмУ
ӶǷ׷
ǵʱϢм٣ֻɱֻħޣϢģȻҪɱħˣΪյƴˣ
Ӷǲеļһܵɱħޡ
ΪӶǵĵĻ̵̻ĳ˲һôӶ֪ô£Ƽô󷽣Ҳ±ˡ
ƼҹǳԴҩ˰ɣ¡Ϣһʮʮ٣ǳذ׵طӶˣһʱ˼֣ҲȫȻĿֻš
ˣɾͿˡ
ҹŵҩּӶô࣬Ѫ
һ뵽Ⱦͺ޲ý˺飬ȾСӣҲֳֺõ飬ΪԼҵճŮˡ
ǵҩеճŮҪճŮأƼĺӾҪˡ
̵ţҩóʱͷȺֲѪôһȺ԰ʳĻ쵰ԽԽᡣ
ڳڷ仯ʱ򣬷Ҳⶾҩˡ
ƿɲһƮ뷿У££䣬̧Ŷ
ڳˡǧվſڵţҲ֪ΪΣ;ýշλǵóԸˡ
һţͿҲ֪վ˶ãе죬˫ҲЩ԰ס
һۣ˲ˣΪͷվţ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷǵЦݷʹڶҲҷǳ䣬Ҿվͻͷˣû뵽㻹ˡ
ɵϡסС֣Сüͷһ壬˲۵Ҫûг׵ˣ
˰ǧգգ۾οˡ
𣿡ۣС֣Ҫȶȴݸ
ǧҡҡͷ䣬ɱˣǻϵħʦ
βůС֡
ǧţҾָоãůůģů¯һ㡣
ⶾҩˣ۾һ䡣
εˡ
˵ţеĽⶾҩ͸Һӳ֮£ֶ˵С
ǧҩӹƿӺһŨҩζƮɢϵһζζڻһرš
ðҩž͸оˬƼƵҩɺöˡǧ̲סֹһ䡣
Ƽҵҩš
ǧգգ۾Žڷ˷Σ󣬱СѾͷʵ̫ˣȽ˳ڵ⣬ֽԼƲøɸɾ
ֻΪƼҳˣڰҲֻΪƼںԣὫЩ㵽ͷϡ
ֵ˵ıӣЦǴҩʱúܿġ
ǧüɰɡ
νǰ鷢ãȥˮԴҩ룿
ǧ룬ҡҡͷȥɣںڰ˻ڼӡ
֪ڹʲô͵˵ͷ
˭֪ڰ˱鲼½أǲһЩĽǰ
ϣǧͷһͳѧԺ
ֱˮԴܵĴˣŽҩˮԴУҩܽˮжأǿ壬ĹЧġ
ǧ𴽽ǣǺöˮԴǾͲõĻᱻħޱٳҲնɱοôӶء
ۣ˲
ûӶҲˡδĵ
ǧĿ⣬˲˺졣
֪ɾҲԸôħޣԸǸж۰һأ
ΪκŽӶļġ
ǻȥɡǧǱڰצ֣Ҳ֪ʲô¶
ǳǳ
ڶա
ȾֱӴһͰˮѧǺȣǻ֪ˮԴеˮһȵüΪ죬һˮƽյĺúȡ
ҲˮԴˮҲƷˮкЩͬ
ֹգаյԽԽˣҲû˭˭˭εϢһʼεͷ·һ㣬ѣָֻԭĹ켣
ûҩд󲿷ְջڻţƺԤʾ»δ
ƼڽҩĽӶԽԽˣһЩӱ𴦳ǳҲˡ
еҩͲҪײҪ
Ǳ֪ǵ뷨ָҪѪˡ



632 ¶

ַǳƽ¥еȴЩá
ôҧ˫ôҲ벻ףвӦѹֻ֣Ϊ񾹱ǰҪֲ٣
ǧѩվһԣܿ͸ܵɢŭ򴽣˵
˽豭ϣŭȣǧѩЩעܱߵע⵽ʲô
ǧѩҡҡͷûע⵽ʲôƼͻȻҩȥЩ֡
Ҳ֪£ΪƼϹ֣ԽԽòԾˣϹҲҩȥɡ
ƼǳСҪǮôƽ޹ʽҩͳ
ҧгݣ뵽ħ޽٣ҪҲƲֻˡ
šüͷͻȻƼҴ˷Ϊǹġ
뷨һͷͿһ£ƼѲ֪Щʲô
ȻҲķ͵ؿǧѩĿдżݺͶ
ǧѩû̿ˮʶһ
ۼֿ죬סأ·Ҫһ㣬ˣǲƼ͸¶ʲô
ǧѩ۵ѳݣ漴Ϊ˲ᣬȻҡͷҸ֪˵ЩʲôͬһֱһĵģƼ˵Щʲô
һǧѩϣܿϾͳһצӡ
ǧѩסг˿־ɫﻹʥŮİָ߰ˣûͬƼ˵ЩʲôһҪҰͬһĵġ
ǧѩ£ֻЩۣ㵱ûͬƼ˵Щʲô
ûУûСǧѩӣ˲¶һģ
۾˲Щ벻ˣȻǧѩƼôɽҩóͣ
ѲɣֻϹֶѣ
ӹµһתҲ֪Щʲô
ǧѩϰµģ˳˼Ҳر𲻰ȣˣҪңûб㡣
˺ܿʵЩûй鷢𣿡
ûˡǧѩҡҡͷ
򴽣ƼֻϹֶѣѾ˺ڰŭԺкӹˡ
ţǧѩǳһ
ʱһֻѻӴ롣ѻڣ˫𺣬ų򣬷ʡ
ǧѩ̿ˮ˲ͱһ
ǴĶѻǿ¡˰һ£ֽѻץУǺڰĴѻʥŮ㲻غ¡
ǧѩᳶǣһûз
˽ѻϵż£ڿŵͬʱ˫һ£᳤ˣ˵ǿжˡ
䣬˾ͽżյ
ǧѩȼյż㣬ɿʵˣ˵Ŀжʲô˼
ֻļ˿һỬ۾ħ޴ǡ
ǧѩͷһȴ־ЩжĳҾóЩ죬ʲô¶˰ɣ
˳Ĭ漴ô¶ˣ᳤˶˵жˣһǾ߶߶ģֱˡ
ǧѩסŵò˵ˡ
Цһħ޹ǣǱһϷɡ
ǧѩЩֻõͷðǾһͬħ޹ǣǳػĻɡ
Цÿ
ǧѩУɫ
ûãһ˺ƳգԶܿڳ֮£ŵʿ֪һͱһ
꣬ۼ˲ħޣħ˫ɺ죬Ŀ׺Ҫ˲븹ʿһܿͷħǵĲԾˡ
Щħ޺񱻿סˣֱµΨкڰˡ
ʿȻɴ󣬲ˡ찡ڰͣû죬еˣҳеķͲãôһҪ˱
ʿҧҧֱȥˣˣħˡ
ħˡܵ˺ڰĿƣб쳣
죬öħޣɰǧħޡ
ħ޹ǣԭͦĵİ˲䱻Żʰ㵽Ҳ̤һ
ЩӶڶһҩħ޹ǣ˲Щ⸽ħ޶ɱ˸ɾЩħֱ֮ϲ
ЩӶУЩǱڰƵħޣǵҩߵĵҩ
Ӷ򴽽ǣ˲էֳȵĹâոʿ˵˳ǧħޣЩ͵ҩģ
Ӷǲһֱܵ⡣



633 ˵ħ

ǿЩɱħޡ
ɱħеҩͣյҾʵ˲١
Ҳʵ˲٣
ӶǾ˼ѪһһֱӺɱģЩƵħҲ£ԽɱԽ£ֱɱ۾
ûãѧԺѧҲ֧Ԯ
Ҳɱħ޶һ˲ٵҩ񳢵ͷȻҪ࣬Щħ޼Ϊ׺о͵ҩġ
ɱɱɱ
Ƶħ˻𣬿Ǻܿľͱһ󲨡
ǻΪЩħж뾹һЩǱƵħҲûôɣ˵׾͵ҩġ
ħǱΪܽȺסû뵽ǾȻԽɱԽ£ȫ޺֮ģֱħˡħ˲䱻סһʱ侹ڽڰˡ
ǲһֱӶϡ
¥֮ϣȾŵµĳ˲ЦÿǧⷨӵǲӶѧԺѧһͷǳ
ǧ¥¿ȥ䴽Ц˶һģֻҪһЩͷǶҪͷοƼҳƷģǧĵҩ
ȾЦ
վǧ࣬ʱʱȥǷʲôԣҲֵġ
ǧȾȥ򴽣̲סʵԺ֪ô˵ģԹ޻ڵ̵ҩ
Ⱦֵڴ䣬Ц쳣˵˵ճŮ飬ֻ˵΢һЩһֱˣȻԹ޻ڡ
ǧԵҾ֪ԺĿڲŶȻ
Ⱦ´ǧֿ˵СѾͷǴϻۣôӣֻ½ħ޹ǣš
һʱ޷ڰ˾ֻܴǵ֡ǧǳǳһЦ͸żǣЧǼõġ
Ļ£һ
ۺ񣬷·ܽ˺ѡ
ǧŤͷһ˫ǡʥ׵ľԳ
Զһͷʥ׵ľԳԳȫƣĿ⾼Ϊʥ׵͸һѹУϸ¹ĳ嶯ԽɱԽµĴǣ˲ˡ
ʥװ͵ҩģǳȥĻǾͳͿˡ
죬Ȼʥ׾Գ͵ӣǸô죿
ҪӰɣ
ԶԶԣӰɡ
~~~~~~~~~~
ʥ׾ԳĺԶܿ޴Ӿǰ
Žߵ׺ԳһҪȴѾˡ
Գ˻𣬷צһӣһ˲⾡Ҫ˵Դ䣬ĽвãתҪ룬ǵ˫žǦһ㣬Ҳأ㲻ȥ
ۿצӻӹǽҪ촦ʱ򡭡һ׵ӲХֱֱʥ׾Գıϣʥ׾Գ㲻õ˺üͬʱδϵѩƮ裬˳Ⱦͬɡ
γʱͷʥ׾ԳоһĨ֮⣬ڼɵʲô
θֶĿھԳ
Գ˻һг䱸ɫ
޶ԣ˿ȥʥ׾ԳңʣµЩħ**ǡ
вھУһ˵˹ǵ˫ڲڼɵʲô
Ǿ͵Щħ͵ҩľͳˡ֪ʱȾҲӳ¥£һϯ·裬Ȼ
ٴ
ѽֻʥ׾Գħ޶ܺöԸײ쳣ʵ͵ҩģʥ׾ԳǿסˣʣµħǴԲ
ſˮһ뵽ЩƼҳƷĵҩǵľˡ
ħޣ
Ų£
УЩħ޾ǵҩߵĵҩ
˳һųħȺгȥ
һʱ䶣ڳ쳹ħǵһɱ۾
ʥ׾ԳҲڷεĹ½ԭռϷ磬ɾʱһħ޵дӳڴ
ڳɱ˸ûڳ¥֮ϵǧȴװףԶǿʲô˫һݡ
죬ôħ޳֣
ǲǶۼڳ¥֮£ιʻͻȻڳڣǾνģ
ǧ˫һֱߣԶļֻħչɱʵ޳ܣ޴ϰ֡



һʱǵľ˷ɽľħǾ׽ǹǧšüһħ˺ҧա
ɲǣѪɣʬ޴档
ǰǰ~~~~~~~
Ѫħ£׽ȴ쳹ͣǧ˫ɺ죬ֳַȴӳ¥һԾ¡
Щħ޾ţ



634 ǽи

ǧĿ׺ϵħȺܿ콫Щħճɽ̿ͬʱħ޿Ǳ׽òεİҲ䵽˵ϡǧһüͷš
ܶɱ¾ҲѪ¼ǰȴЩܲˡ
ڵϵİձеòΣ˫ѾеɭȻ׹ǺʹѪĽ¶ڿУûһõ⣬Ҳ˼ڣҲۿеһһǿڷҡڲͣ
µǣ˻δ͸˿Ӳϰ
ˣǧеĵҩܽκãֽѾ꣬Ҳûһļűʹࡣ
ǧ򴽣ʹЩġ
һ߽еѪ﷨ȷȻâ
˸ܵâææ˵ȴΪ㡭ңɱ˰ɡ
˺أһҲþ
ǧзȣĿ䣬д⡣
һ䣬ͱսˡ
ģ̌űߣҪЩħǴġ
һ·ϣǧ˲ħޣڻӣʳգһʱ䱾ַǳĳǳأ˿ȴ˼
Ѫζǳӣ쳣ǧ˽зȣʢŭһʱеС򲻶Ͷ䣬һӾͽҵħճ˽̿
һ߳˫ɺ죬ĿȻһɱ
֮ħ޷׷׵أ
ûãǧǰ洫һ
ǧһתȥ
һȥͿԴɴɴվһǽǰǧ߹ȥһϮǱϵħ
ǧ۾ٿȥʱɴɴϵħûãϵħͻûһ±ǽֱֱǰ
ʲôǧº棬̧˹ȥ
һǧ˲˿
ˣǻΪʲôΣˡԴؿڣһܾŵСģ
ɴɴãֻ۱ϵħҲ˵
Сǧһǰıǽǲȥͷɱħޣ֧ǽʲô
ҲȥͷԴס˫ڵɳڵǳȥƼ𣬲ֹͷҲ˺öħޣѪɺӣסҲŵֱ˼
ϵħȶɴɴſڵΪ˲óø⣬Ǿڳаæ
䣬ɴɴָǽϵĴ󶴣Ƿ֣ǽһ󶴣ЩħޱǴӶˣ񶴿ڱסħӦýˡ
ǧһ濴ǽ֮и󶴡
˴ƽǱħײƵģΪµġ
ǺˡȻͺڰѲϵ
ǧ˫һǿʱڱ˪ΪˣñϵħסڵȷǸð취ֻһħ͸֧ǧѩأ
ɴɴãȻҡҡͷһûǧѩټЩӣǧѩһֱûģҪֻ
֪оûһҲ֪ʲôԴͷ˵еɻ
ǧ۾
Щǧѩصģ
Īǣʲô˵Ĺ
ǧšüͷͻȻһӰС
۾оҿ϶ղȥǺڰˣڰ۲죬󶴱סȻбж
뵽ǿ϶ڱǽٴһ󶴣ǧôҲվסˡ
߶ţ±ĵطܻд󶴣ȹȥ̽̽ǧֳַȣɱ
ɴɴ
Դģ㱻ȥ̽ȥɱ˰ɡǧ㣬ֱźӰʧķ׷˹ȥһ׷ȥܱߵԽԽ٣ԽԽƧһܱӲݴƾɻǳеƶӡ
£ͷƶûˣȥ¥ոԵûޱȡ
ʱһ紵ĴϾɵĴһɲǣ֨ѽ֨ѽڶߣɭ쳣
ǧΧüͷ
̡ɱˣҲû˻֪ǧͷһ£ǺӰǹ⽫ģ
ǧšüͷʶת뿪ɾʱ򡭡һӰӰ߳󻹸ŲˣħҲżֻһģΪˡ
ǧŤͷһĿ
òǱˣǳסƽ¥λˣ˽ԴźɫӣӡźڰıǣЩ˱ǺڰеСආ



635 

ǧЩСආûȤĿһͻȻһŮסˡ
һ༫Ůӣɫ԰ף˫ţȫ͸һϢɾɵסŮӵ
ǧ۾ŮϵƲͬѰ˲ͬЩСආͬزŮӦмһ
֪ǧͷһ¡
ѾĪ⣬һӸĪŮӣָȫˣ
ǧסǣԡ
ǹ⽫˴ν£ǧ˽зȣԵһȺǣûȴ֮⡣
˶һȻҪ
ǧܵɢĺ⣬˲޳ԹݳĺǴӺδ
ǧۣЩ棬Щƣ˭Ҳ޳ԹΪ˺ң
˾ʲôЦһ㣬ЦûгԹûгԹ֮ĳԹɴˡ
ǧĿ棬ܸң֮кγԹ
ŵŮҲһؿˡ
Цһϵժһժͺ谭ı¶С
ǧ㿴ҵָԼģҵû뵽ʲô
ǧ˵üͷɽ˽
Ϥһ޴࣬ǧܴҳһЩϤĺۼſţͷɿһ¡
ֲϤǺˡǧüһζؿˡ
ǧ֪˭Ŀ棬ǧţҿ϶ǧǵյС
ǧ֪ѾϳԼҲûŪЩʲôֱӾͿ˿ڣĽû뵽Ȼ㡭
ĽݼǰҩʦһѻѾʧȥӰһˣ뾹˺ڰᡣ
һ̵ү뻢ıƤ
кεĽü˫ҲһպǧȻǵյķǼĵҩ治ŵյС㣡
ŮˣŮװҩʦᣬѳԼзյҩԣȻһŮˡ뵽˴ĽɫΪѿҪǧˡ
ǧĵػһ䣬Ҳû뵽ҩʦ󣬾Ȼ˺ڰᣬֲòӰ
ĽҧгݣͶ·ǻ᳤ңҴִߵȼĵҩн˻᳤ˡ
ǧٴζϵĴ࿴
һͷ࣬Ǻڰıǣⶫһȥ
ҹΪǰ鱨ģǧЦ
ĽһתȻ
ǧЦֻ˺ǰһС۵
Ȼɽ׸ıƣ˺ڰС
ǧǰңұ壬ڣɣĽߺһ˫ֺΪצȻ֮䳯ķϮȥ
ǧۣеѪ﷨ɢһ⡣
֣һŮͻȻ𣬡Ľͣ£
Ľδͣ£Ůһѽסһ㶣ʽҲѸٻ⣬һƬƽ
ĽЩ⣬ֱֱŮʵϼϣҺǧ֮飬㲻Ҫӡ
ϼŮٴγȻƽһĨ᳤˵ˣ㲻ܶһָͷҲ֪ܶ𣿡
ĽҧгݣΪģΪʲô
ǧЩ棬ʶԼݣһЦ
ѪѪϼĿǧϣ᳤Ҫã᳤ܰͳ½
ǧĿ䡣
ͳ½ҰġѪѪĽӵɴȻЩţҲţŮôѪѪ
䣬ǰǧץȴ´ϡ
᳤˵ѪѪѪѪϼĿһɲǣһƴ֮ıӣڿʼԶǸǰݹҲ
Ľһŵ˵ǧ׵ĵط
˵СǧЦЩŪֽĿͶϼϡ
ϼ
ڰϼϣóǸ
뵽ЩˣǧĿһϼҲ
ɱ㣬ʬΪԼĿܣĽͲϼԲ֪ǧЩʲôǰһǧǻ᳤˵ȥܲһ¿Բ̵ˡ



636 ǿ

ǧü
ϹԲڷУǾץԼȥҲáǣԼвοɾ˵ˡ
ǧһ裬ǲȥܲأ
û뵽˵ϼ㶣ſ˵ǧǲȥҾͽȥʱ˾Ͳҵˡ
ż־档
ǧЦµľǾˣȥƫȥΣ
ǾݹҲˡϼۣȻͳһ֧Ӵ
Ӳһ֮Ҳޱȣ֮ͬ裬
ǧؿܣͼͻȻɶˣʱһ˫˫ִ˳
ǡ˵֣ȴһźѾˡ
ǧǰĻ棬δü𺳣ر֮һ˴˳ǻ²йʱΧĿʱ䣬иżֲ
ǰĻˣٴ졣
ҲͰˣΪֻ
Ѳɣϼûȫ˵ص£׼ʱؽ
֪ǧ˲һصôˣǳؿɾΣˡ
֪Щʲôϼ̧̧Ƥӣſڽ͵룬صֻЩ˶ѣϾҪ֪ŪҪѺôһ򡣡
ǧ۾׷һ⡣
ֻ⼸ˣȴҲëȻֶʱըһȫǵİնꡣ
ǧû˵ȴǽǰĻ˿
ϼ򴽽ǣͻȻһ£ǽǧץмǲҪ
£ΧܱߵĻ˶˶򣬺һٳǧɱȥ˻ţţϺƾѾҲоʹ
ǧֱӽСѿСǾޱСϺٻ
ʱʺϹ¾սҲ˵Щ˹ŹŹֵֹģټϼĽЩʤ㽫ܵ͡
ҲٽѪ﷨ȡ׼ӭս
ʱֻһ˺ڶǧһ㿴СѿѾٽĸ˲
ԽԽԽԽգ֮ʣ˾ֱӱ飬ɫѪҺһأΧҲȳޱȡ
ǧһƺڿ佱Сѿ
ͬʱСǾޱСϺҲʾСǾޱҶƬͬУޱȣҶƬϳſһʱֻáಡײҶƬϵļֱӱ̴ţСǾޱſģ˲佫Ļ븹С
СϺõһ࣬ȫҪġ
ûãЩ˾ȫնɱʬ嶼СǾޱԵˡ
Ա֮СǾޱһáӣ̫óˡǧһǿĳ棬Ͳɳ˳顣
СһﶼǿȫԼֵĻᡭϼ֪ǧһ֣һʱԲƺЩţ㾹ȻԼħޣֲ
ǧ˫ֻأʵô𣿡
ϼԣһڣҲЩģһֻԼһֻħޣһ㣬ԼôֵֹĶ
ϼЩģһնûԼһֻõħޣǧƽ޹Լô࣬ΪѪѪȽţƵԵ
ҧжһĨģǧĿҲЩԹޡ
ǧ龡۵ףٿЦҲüڽ
ԼǣҲҵı£ֺαذڳģָ⣬촽һ⣬ǲģȥԼֻħޣα߸˵Щ
ϼһʱȻϸϸƷζһѪ˲
ﲻԼõħޣʲô취
кԴǧУкεºܲܵ˶Դ
ϼ꣬ԽԽ䣬Ҫǧ˺ѣûϻʶľͬһȥǲʶݹҲ
ǧһףǾҲɣղЩ˸ҼСǾޱġ
СǾޱٷҡҷƺͬĻ
ϼһѪٴšü׼ԼϣˣӲûк³ġ
䣬ͳǧȥ
ǽϵħʦɢĹҫ֮âͨЩҫ۾ҫתǧע
ǧ۾
ԭǣϵħʦҫ۵Ĺâ۾ˣʵڱɡǧҧۿâҪ۶
һתڵʯ֮䣬һһ۶󾹻ûһǽѸٽϮĽɫâ⡣



637 ֮

~~
~~~
ɫâײŻǽϧǽʵڼ̣ЩҪڽȥ췽ҹ̷
ϼˣŹŹֵĹâ᳤˵ŮǧĻϵħʦϵħּΪǿŹ֣Ϊǻ᳤˿ˣ᳤Է飬ŮӵĻ浱Ź
ֻ߽ףȴа˾Ž׵䷢չֻ»ΣǺڰᡣ
ϼ۾һɱȴܵûһʧ١
ǧй񣬺ܿܵɱӺδ
ؿϼ۵׺һ
ŮҪɱϧֲҡ˭ѪѪأ
ǧϲɱȴ޷֣޿κεİձ飡
գϵƶȻһ䡣
һ˲Ƹű仯ǧϵĻֳҫ˼Ǵڵϸ߷·Ҫⳤ˺ѡ
ûãֻáԿԡڶ
ǧµء
ϼȻûʲôоɽ;òԾˡ
Ťͷһ˫˲ֱˡ
ʲôЩϵâȻڻȫˣʱԿԵɫҲ΢
ϼĵȼǧ֮ϣһСС߽ħʦԸˣҪǴȥඪڰ棿
ŤͷһĽɫҲЩ΢ƺһ˿
ϼɫһɫףԸ˿ᣬֻþȫϵħһɲǣɫâҫۣҪ͸ǽ
ǧ͸һĨζ˼Ͳ·
뷨ŸһϼбһѪζţĿת͸ϵǽͿϼؿڣǱЩѪգ
ϼ⵽ˣ
ϼЩŵزѪգΪʲôΪʲô
ǧǳǳϼ̫ˣ⵽˷ɣ˵Ҳǻá
ϼһɣͰ͵ض֮ҲһĨ⡣
ǧҲŪ㣬ҶҪ֪ŭڰ᳤ϵ³Σϼ˫ɺ죬ȻѾŭ˿״̬
ǧ䲻˼гһĨ衣
ϼٴν񳤵ȡĿѪȻ
ǧеĺ񳤵ѣԽԽò
ϼһЦӿ߿ʼ࣬ʱһδŵӴ
ʱ滺ʱ·ֳû֮лһĨֻ֮һȫ֣ǳ
ǧʶס䣬֮ȴܴ͸ָһֱ
Ľӵֵر˷ܡ
⡭Ӧþϼ־֮
Ǻڰȫ䣬ȻĤʹͷĿѣŵĻħʩչ
ЩǺõģʱһȼˣҲ޷ͨ˶硣
ԸŮ˾㲻ҲһƤʵڼá
Ľţ֮Ҳơ
ǧ֪˵˼ֻôʱ˿̶ĤЩۣԴҲ۵Ȼ֮䣬ĻϵħЩ𣬷·һͻᴵһ㡣
򴽣ľԾ
ǧۣʩչϵħַΪ죬ڴʱ˿̵ӵġ
ôΪĻҪأ
ǧԽԽԾȻԼȻۻϵħЩˣҽҲ·ʲôһ㣬
֪ǧһ
ԼЩ״Ӻģû뵽Ӳͷۣܷ˵ĽΪ
ǧҧгݣȥΪϵ⣬ԴУ
һʲô취ģ
ѳݵʱ֮ڶֻԴըˣȫµ룬еĻ˿̾һСţ·ʱضᱻϨ
ҧ
ϼͷЩζûҵܼ֮ʹħǵһٹһҲʹòˡ
л佱ǧüһĨЦڴǱ߾ţЩ飬Ҳõȵ֪
䣬ǧ̷һöһɲǣħϮƣ۸нɢ˵زĺ״̬Ҳ֧һ

ʱ䣬һâƣƬ̻ˢˢϼķϮȥ
ƿնСǳϼû뵽ƻ棬һʱ侹ԭأӦ֮ʱϼΪشӡ
ʱһûһ͸Χϼܡ


638 

ǧͷһȻ侹һĨĵڡ
δǧϸ룬ͷЩС򾹱͸⣬ˣһǾϤϨ
ǧСϨ˫ɵԲ˼֡
ˣ͸ϵǺͷ
֪ЩʲôϼĦŵϵСףЦҴħܻϣϼ̲ҪǻϵħĿǡ
ǧһɫüΪѿ
˵ϵϵ֮ףΪǿôϵħĿǣ
ǧҧгݣ˭˵ϵôôţƵģЩվ֤
ǧҪôԹԸߣҪôֱӱħٽȥϼĿ棬ɤͬħɳ쳣Ҫ֪ʱһ㽫Ϊͨ˶ķǸߣǼħϮԼɡ
Ϊˣ
ǧһħ˺֮ֲԹ־ܡ
˫ͻȻһϸâ۵ֶϵħܴ͸ϣϵħ԰
ϵħʹԣд͸ϵã׵޿ײ룬µĽ
ǧٴһöҩһ˲ָֻһЩһתĵ漴ɫĵȦвš
һС·ľɫ
ϼϵ׵Сɫٴһ
ôŮǻϵϵģѲǴ˵е˫ϵħʦ
֪ϼҪѪڼʵվǧǰԼûõĺܣϵħɶã֮ɶã
ϵϵ˫ϵǱ׷
ϼ޵ŮϱӾʲô㣬ΪʲôöУʵŮ˾͸öɱҡУ
ϼɫ䣬˺ݡ
ϧδǰԵ׵֮⾹ǵضٶȺܿ죬쵽ϼ㲻ȥ
ϼѪֻգ۵˲ԡһ
ˡħûɵϾȻˡϼҪ֮ǡеĺ񳤵ѾһŹʱ˫ɵϴ
ô񳤵Ҳˡϼҧгݣ͸һĨţ񳤵Ϊ̵ĺʯƳɣһ𲻻ƫϵħ飬ߵǵ׵羹Ȼ߽ס
ǣ߽ϵħܽ񳤵Ѵ飬˶
ϼϧ񳤵ѵͬʱһԵٴ֡
׵ȸղŸѸͣϼֻһ׹ХȻ㶼㲻ȥ
~~~~
飡~~~~~~~
ܵشϼߵķݣֱֱտĵطȥ漴Ӧأڡ
͡ϼѪмһϢ
ǧڵأģǱϼٴϼϣˤڵϵζΣ
񳤵ѣĤԴˣҲõ滺ȫ¸ǵõĳӵʹľ
Ǳϼҧгݣһĵضǧơ
ֻ߽ףΪŮܽԼˣ
ϼϣû°ɣĽǧ˫ϵħʦɾȹƨƨܵϼߣҪ
ϼһۣЩؽĵ㲻ǺڰһСѣҲʸң
飿
Ľɫ˲ڣһضϼǳϣֻ´˿Ѷˡ
ǧüǰ־硣
ͬǺڰˣȴһģؼʱ̻ڹҧ˼ǧڿϷͬʱСѿСǾޱСϺ
ղ׵ʱں͵Ϯϼĺ񳤵ѣǸҲһʤ
ǧߵСһǲ𣬡Ǽܸȥʱеҩǡ
Сһһ˲ֺˡ
ϲԵҩˡ
ǳϲеʱǱߵĽͻȻˡСѿ۾⣬һӾͿǱߵæ㿴Ǳߵ£óһʯͷǻŮϡ
ǧЩãȻתͷʱȴͻȻ󾪡
죬Ľеĺɫʯͷʲô
ǿʯͷ˿ϼϣһǿɫʯͷͷɢҫ۵ĹâʱâҫۣҲ
ϼ˫ղ԰ףǰˮðûŵϴȳҺ˲ȾʪԼ½
һĻͻȻǧɴ۾ţֻâ̫ҫۣһʱҲжһΣָΣ

ĽЩÿ
Ľ㲻ú
ϼ԰ɫ󺰴ɺһ֮ͨĽûаҪŹ˼



639 ܲ

ϼܼ尾ûãͺϲ£ˣ˫˫Ҳڲͣس鴤
˿̵ϼƵģֱ۾
ǧ֪ǴкãֱӸǿ϶ʲôöϼʹı֪ˡ
۾뵽ĽһҪԸԼ;Ϊǿ
еĻϵħ쳣ɵͶȥʱ򣬾һǿһ㶣ܿͷǿǴӺɫɢġ
öɫʲô
ãôӿռգ۾Щ£ǺɫаΪ棬ϵΪֱ˱ΪſͣܽߵΪһϣյЩ˻ڶʱǣЧȥЩԻڣȴա
ǧüͷ£
ⲻڹ
ϻаϡŹ֡ǧɸ̾һ䣬üͷȴ䡣
СѾͷСһ㣬˱أϼӦܴﵽʥϰɡÿ˿ڣвЩ¡
һ٣˵´תǱ㲻ܶЩʲôɵȴʧԸɾˣԱþãǻǿЩ·ɣɽڣûա
ԣǧƺڹʤ㡣
ʥϣʤûС
ټﻹһС˶С˶ܵ˺Ϊ֮Ҳֻ·һ취ˡ
üΪٴοȰСѾͷҲܰɣǳȥзæʤɾʹˡ
û˵ЩʲôһŮ
˵ܡǧóףҲֱӱкСѿǸһܡ
ÿУһһߵģֻ÷СѾͷܵøɴ࣬ƽ㲻Ҫš£
šʲôšǧһ۶ҶﻹһС˶ĸš
öƽ̹СЦͦ
еС˶һУţţƣ
֪ЩʲôǧһƺԴϣǸ飬ڽΡ
áٺٺ١Ц㲻˵ˡ
ǧһ·ۣûܼ󾹴죬һɲǣζɳʯƶЩҲŵ
~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~
ݵש£һ˲⴦ƶΪ
ǧһһש飬ɾʱ򡭡һӿٶЩשҲİڿС
שշʱϸСǸǧϣһ¾ͽ·ƣһͽϸƤˡ
ģô£ǧۣŭһȴЩơ
ö˶˵ģô͵
õɴ˫ľãλҪˡ
أǧͷһʶӿٶܣɵһʱһϮŰҷɵש˷ʤ
ǧšüͷʵܲסһԵУͣһЩżܡ
Ҳ֪˶ãܳĽ߷Χȥͷǻϣû뵽һͻϯ֮ɳ˲˵۾
ǧæֽɳסɷɳ޿ײ룬һʱ۾
ǧ㻹ܣɳ֮Уһ
ǧһ㶣͸ǰķɳſǰվŵˣǡĽ
ͷһָⲻɾһܵѾ죬Ľڵһʱ׷˵ٶ֮ϣҳ
㻹׷ˡǧ촽Ȼ
Ľһ֣Χķɳ˲ֹͣҵĿ꣬׷뿪
ǧַ£Ľʱ˫ٴһ¡
ڵĽ͸ղŵĲһˣϲһǿͬǿߣֻվǶη塣
ǧҧأеļɵŨ˼֣µûĽĵȼʥϣ
ϴεʥ滹ҪˣҪ٣
ܵɢѹǧֻαѹһ㣬ر˫ǾǿģĽ㵱СֺݶϼôǺڰĳϣȴʵǱǻ᳤֪ҹҲ׶༪ˡ
ĽĿһ䣬漴ͷЦôˣֻǿûлᣬ㽫ϼˣҵ
ǧšüһ̵ְ
˭ǼһֱңһֱҡĽһ٣Ŀ䣬ǻ᳤˹ҿ˵㽫ϼˣԼʱ޶ʵԸ㣡



640 Ե

ǧ˫üøߵǷǵı£治СӦ֪ѪѪǻ᳤Ǿҳµġ
ĽšüЩɡ
֮ʱǧתܡ
Ϊ˶С˶ܳǿ
ܣĽĿ棬һӣɲǷӿܱߵש£˲䵲סǧȥ·
ǧ΢ͣ٣ĽǰһĨɫۼ۵ס
ĽͬޣЦ޼ɵһСС߽ħʦҲӳҵģҵ֮ˣ
ǧת˼βա
ĽЦ᳤ֵܻ˹ֲֻҪ
ǧͷһȴδκλҡ
ĽѾħˣŲĿľͲ֣ܵĽɻվ˶ϣԷһ
ǧʶԼƽ̹С֮дһĨӡ
ԲҶల£ҶúöԴ㡭
գͬײսɡ
ǧૣ⽥͡
Ľۣ߾ܱ֧һϵĻǽ
ĻǽҫۣɫĹâȥּΪʥ
ǧѪ﷨ȣͻĹĻǽг˼ɵ
֪ĽӦǽϵħʦɡǸߡ
ϼʵҲ൱ϼħʵΪǧ󣬡ԣڼǽϵħʦߡ
ǧЩ
˵ĻҪˣ
ǿ졭ǧҧͻȻһĨõԤУ׷ʵĶ࣬һ˴Ҫ죿˫ϵǱ֪Ҫˣ
¡ÿοִ飬ǾģҲҲֻЪˡ
ǧ˲ð˲١
Ȼô٣ǰȫġ
գǧսӿǰĽҲδ¶־֮ɫ˫ַתѪɫĹâ˲˺ѳգ߰ĻҲƣʤա
СĽߣԿЩ档
ǧ񣬾գ˲Ļڵϸߣҡҷ޼ɵ
Ľûһ˲˫ֻΪצצƺܽһж˺ѣһӣֻáৡ
צֱΪǧУˢˢǧϮȥ
ǧɫݣзȷʱһҲȥ
~~~~~
~~~~~
ߺХ˲ͼ۶ķײһΪħͬСɣһײһл֮ơ
˺ֳβͽаС
㽫ߵ̴
߲භҲʼ
ǧ˫ҲֱСһ˵Сѿһ÷ĽסСϺ׵罫ԣСǾޱüҶƬѪֹ
СһƨƨߵȥסĽˡ
ս׵СһǧҵԼǣûǣ¾սʤҲۿۡ
գµΪǿһŻ֮ݲлڵأȼղͣ
⴦ط˲ǽ岻
ǧŲô࣬ϵϵʹãһ˲ֹ֮âཻһ𣬺дд죬ޱȡ
ĹʵңǵȼĸߵĽҲŪýڽڰˣһֱ˵˹ĻǽһйĻǽվ˽Ÿ
һ뵽ղűһ߽ħʦŪǱоͱһ
ˣţһ޶ûлᡣĽһĭ漴ڵġ
һ˲ļĽϵħǣǷתֻգ˲һ޴塣
岻ͣҪͷǵй
ǧϵĽϵ壬һƬȻܸܵͷ˰ԵǿǧѸϵħһɲǣϵֵǰ
ĽǰĻϵϣ͵Ц߽׾߽ףΪֵܵͶĹҫ֮𣿡
ǧûһ㣬֮һƬȻ
Ľϲ̬ȣĿеɭԣ壬Ƭ̾ͽ͸
¡~~~~~
Ѹըһ룬ǧâͬһ£ǵٶȺܿ죬һӾܻײ
~~~~~
âҫۣȣײһʱ˲佫Χһйε÷ȥש׷ɣ֮ʱ˿ǰ
Ľǰҫͼ뿴淢һУȴָ͸ʱЩͣ͡һ˲ͬΧɢ


641 Ǳ

ĽˣͲɳ˳顣
ôڱȸղŸѿˡ
ĹϵǧҲ㲻ǿһõˡ
Ľϲ֮ʱ֮кһĨ⡣
ϸһܿ͸һ⣬ǻϵħ
͸ǧž¶ҫһųޱȵĻϵâĽע⣬ֱӽ䵽ϡ
޷ĽУȵĻС˲佫ס
Ľһ±ƣֱŻȻѡ
ô£ôˣ
˭ɵģ
ĽһתȻվһǧ͸Ůģ̬߻ɿ۵ȴǳ
ޣ
һСС߽ħʦҲš
˵߽ףĽ˫һݣòˡ
ղͶĽϵ󲻹һСС߽ħʦζڲ˵Լ£һģ
뵽˴ĽɫΪѿͷȼյһҪˣˣҵĽϵ㾿ζģ
ǧЦţΪұ±ãȻùȥ
֪ղŶ챻ˡڽϵ屬ըʱ˿ռ䣬ֻͳһʬ壬ҲҪҸղЩĻңӿռʱҲڵһʱƵĽ󣬸һ
׿ռ䣬ʲôģȻð
ʱѾɢȥղǧڵĵطһӣлðԴʾŷŴ򶷵ļҡ
ĽǱߵĴӣŭˣ㲻ǸСС߽׶ѡ
Ľ¶⣬ûܵͬһ㣬÷ˡ
ģôã
㡭ǧһ٣´ۺ˲ЦȴһСС߽ħʦǱҲ
䣬Ľ˫Բ
˲Ӯ˼жѣҲ˲
ˣһĽһͦЦţǧ롣
ǧĿȻ˶Բߡ
ӲӲǾô򲻹ģÿռ䰡뵽˴ǧһЦէֳĹâ˲ĽЩֻš
ͷҲЩæǿʵСѾͷ㲻ÿռèèɣ
ǧüһôкβԣ
΢Щᣬ˵ڵȿȣռҲܵģһòҪ̫Ƶռ䣬һҲ͹ˣһֱռ֧Ųסġ
ǧǲһ顣
Ϊռ޴ν룬뾹Ȼʵ˵ɣҵܽΣǧһЩ֣صʵ
Сצӣ΢Ƭ̲˵ΣƵĻֻΣСѾͷҪպûᡣ
ǧ浭ķ겻֪ˡ
Ľ֪Щʲô͹ȥĹǿȭͷ֮´һ磬Ʒ񣬴̼Ƥۡ
ǧ˹ȥʱСЩϸۡ
ˣǶ̥ˣ
ǧһɣʶסԼС
Сϸ۽ӣǧļ겻ǰϸͬˮͷ㲻ðɱˣԹԵģֺ𣿡
ĻС˶ǲˡ
СʹһʧǧҲ˲٣׼սپ
Сһټܽε׿ռ䣬ӦһʱڽĽɱ
Ľҧٴνϵ嶪ǧ
ǧ촽һѸռ䡣
ۼʧĽһ±ơ
ôôͻȻʧˣ
Ůѵ
ĽĴƣͻȻ͵ϮֱӱȥϧʲôûʱǧӿռЦЦؿĽĺ󱳣еĻԾͣȷǳ
ৼһ̳ĽȥĽ㲻ֱһš
~~~~~
Ľףֱֱײǽϣ³һѪģǱ
ǧˣֱϡ
еѪ﷨һתֱӴĽС
Ľ۵Ŀŷǿҵĺ⣬Ůˣ߽׵Ů˾ܽˡšüۣѪζŨأѪĭҲŷɽˣ㾹Ȼң
ǧƳͷñѪĭȾˣǲ㣬˵˱ҡ
ĽĿɺ죬бŷĺرˣ
һ䣬Ľϵѣһ˲ȻǾԡ
ǧͷһγѪ﷨ȶ㵽һߡ


642 ܼС

ĽȻϵļ͹һһ鿴ȥӲģǿŭһɲǵضɽҡɳ衣
ǧվһ࣬ͷٴν˽ǿղŸΪǿ˼֣񱻴բһ㣬ԴԴϽڡ
ãõԲӣжһĨ꣬ͼϵȫȡʱøΪǿӮɾ͸ˡ
ǧƣֲ֪
СѾͷǻǿܰɡõССӶѾˡ
ǧɣѾĽˣǳʤ׷ʤĿܡȵȵȡǧ򴽣ҳĽ㣬ʱһɱǾٺòˡ
˫һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧĿ磬Сһٳ˳ȥڳȥͬʱеķȸŷ裬顱һһϡ
䵽ĽűߣϡʱѸըͬһҵĹʣЩСңĽ˲ҲһƤ
ǧһɳĽķȥ
һ죬ֱԭء
ǸĽ
Уû˿ˣûһվţĿ䣬żѪζ
ĽаЦһԴһᣬɳƣղͶǲͶĺֵܻҳˡ
䣬Ľӣת˲͵ǧǰ
ǧٶȡ
ĽŪŴǣ͸һĨаâձȻһȭͷٿ絶Ʒ糯ǧϮȥ
һһʽ죬ֻ֮һӰ
ǧûþѾˣ˫ͫһֱ˿ռ䡣
Ľ˲ӿգҲ͸һĨ˼飬Ů˾ȻֲˡѲɣʲô֮
תسܿ˿ǧֻǰһ㣬ĳڳ
ʵĽĲ²ⲻתͷ˲䣬ǧѾӿռ
ĺ󱳣бŷǿҵ⡣
ǧϵħϿַԸԱߵСһ׼ж
İŷֹͶˣСһҲŻжһ˲ȾʣСѿķ׷չСϺ׵ͬǹһҫͣСǾޱҶƬΪֻҪһһ⡣
֮ʣĽǿȼٸҲˡ
ǧšüͷܱ߲Ϸķ۳֮аɱ
һĽһϢһ
ǧվһԣϵ裬ѩɫģ˳ȾȻɡ
ķ۳ɢǧ㿴ǱߵΪῴ˵ĽȴʲôҲ
Ǳ߿տҲʲôĽһƬ½Ҳûп
СһҲһ±ƣأأ
ǧſһ˵ǰٿаһĨ֮ĨϢֱӴӺ󷽶Ϥޱȡ
ĽвãȴѾˡ
͡
ͻȻֵĽӳһƣֱֱǧ󱳴
һ˲䣬ǧͬߵķݷɳԶСѿˣչǧУǻײǽϡ
û°ɣűСѿſǻһ䣬Ҫˡ
ǧֻúޱȣһѪ
㶼Ѫˡ
Сѿ˵˵ţˡ
СһҲŻˣû°ɣ̫ǿǻܰɡ
æǸһ䣬ѽǿЩܰɣ㲻ΪԼҲΪ˶ĺӿǰ
ԣǧʶԼСĽղŵһǴϣǴڶϣͷС˶ֻҪûˡ
ˣҲøлСѿСѿֱײǽϣʱС˶ҲΣա
ҧҧһĽеͷ
ãܡ
ĻŸ䣬ܱһ𣬽һ¶ڶ¶ͬɽֻһ˲Χһȫˡ
ȣȡ˶ҪˡСһʵܲˣֱӶ˿ռ
ǧҲռ䣬ͻȻϤޱȣȸ֮𡭡ֻܼСˣ
Ӧǧ뷨һԴԺл
Ůˣûá
үʱ㾹ȻԼŪǱ
ǱүǲҪˣ
һ仰ǧüһ
Сˣ
ͺ˵ûǰһ˳Ӱ
ǧһٿԲˡ
ǰ쳣ĺ췢ˣ˭


643 

Ůˣү㾹ŪǱţǧ֮ʣǰĺ췢Ǵ󷢴ȱ˿ڡ
ֻܼСһģһ
ǧùֵ˫ĺɫ˫һΪ뷨Ժ
ǰвǰܼСɡǺ
ͷùֵĳҷأһƮҡǧ˿ϸϸܣ欲͸һϻ۵ſڵûүǺôһүüòʹˣ
ϹȸȻò˫
һǧͷһۣޱȷһǰܼС
هNɪǧ´ˣ
һۣ֮дżİȻȻûнڣүܻΪΣ
Ҳֻ໴Сˣڳˣȸ޵۷磡
Nɪǧüһ㲻˵
Լģǰɢڼͷĺ췢֮к㣬ǴСආ
üù˫ֱֱԶĽ
ĽںֵʱѾסˡ
ȫĿ˭
ΪɢôǿĻ⣬Ϊϵƻ˺ˣ
ĽشûһҲɪɪ򴽽ЩûϢĿʵ˭Ϊλ
˭ź췢ʲôЦһ㣬Ц
ЦĽûһ£ϼʵȼӦѾʥϣߵĵȼ˵ƥУɵϺĿʱ˶ˣһֱסĸо
ĵȼʼտ͸˵ģƺǧǼ˹ϵܺã
Щ֪ĽԽţ췢˲ҪǧԸԼɣ
Ůˣ˵ҪСආΣƳͷƮƮһ䣬ֱɱˣĥ
ǧŰʹСֱ߽ɱ˰ɣûպ
áӦһ漴ӸĵؿĽڿһ
Ľֵصɴ˫ǧ㲻ɱңɱңڰǲŹġ
ǧͶ䣬ЩЦҲɱ㣬ڰҲŹңɱͲɱк𣿡
Ľͷһ£ʶտһˡ
Сɱ롣ǧվһ࣬ϰƮҡɴ
ԭĶӵȴΪף
ȸ֣У
ϵĻڼΧһٴαڻһһ˵Ļ˲佫⴦ط÷췢̣ԶһƬʢڵɳ
ɳ
ȸ֮ҲȴҲĽڻУϵҲѸٱڻŻ뼡۵ѳݡ
ýϵħΪԼһϣȴЩͲͨĻ棬ϵħһͱ
͵صɴ˫еĿ־ŨΪʲô⵽ʲôΪʲôҵĽϵħ
Цһ
ССϵҲȸ֮𣬼ֱԲ
ǧվڻУų̬¶Ľ
ĽǧȴЩ澹ʴȣôˣϾûаˡ
ΪʲôЩ˲ֺĽ˫ɺ죬̲ס󺰴
ǧ߽֮Ƿ׷ɣƽһĨɫΪʲôءΪֻСˣ˺κˣҲ˺ˣ
ĽЩʧôһǿ˾ǧˣ
Щˬشƺϲǧǰ˵ˣѾ໴СˣҲϵĺ
ǧĺļһζôˣ
һûС
ûоͳɣΪϹȸӦСǧ˵ţһŹֵسĽü
ĽϹȸ⼸ۣŵɫҰס
ôò˫˾Ȼȸޣ
ֲǰĻȣŹ֡ԭȸ֮𡭡ȸ֮ܽգײᱻ𣬾ʵǿˣȸ֮ǰҲֻڻңοֻεħޣǿľˡ
ĽŵɪɪѾԤϵúܲңôҲ벻ͨǧܽ߰ޱȵȸԼˡ
׺εºܣ
ôסˣǧЦţղҲʱ򣬲Ǻţ𣿡
Ľ޵ҿ϶Ů˶ǹȸ޵ġ
Ŀľ£ڲ޳ܣ
ǧߺ޵ı飬ϵЦţſ񣬡սپ



644 

Ӧһϻۼҫۡ
~~~~~
˷ʣת˲֮ƺܽ˺ѡ
ڸ֮УĽ˫ҪˣҪˡУ
Ľڱŷǿҵ֮⣬һת뵽һѵĺö
æһСƿȡƿҺ岻ϻζš
ĽҲҵ飬ҴҽҺ嵹ڵϣɲǣһ޴ĺɫгĽŵ£Ǹз·ֱӽĽС
СආôˣĽˣ˫֮䲻ƽһĨꡣ
ˣǧһûĽӰˣ
ϵĻһգƳյĵطһ˫۾ŭ𲻶ð
СආƤӵߣսϰɡҪҪ׷ָ⣬޲ýĽֱŪ
ǧǰͻȻߵһյƿӣƿһ˲¶һĨȻȥ׷ˣȸ֮ͣܵҲ˷ǲɱڰҲὫ¡
һеŭɫҲȥ˲٣ôܵģ
ǧ˻еĿƿӣΪǺڰƵ֮ֻҪⶫڵϣ⴫͵ȥĵط
ӹƿӣֱӽ飬֮
ǧЦһ㲻˵
ҪΣѵúʵ
ǧɫᶨȥţĽѾ߽⣬ֻҪħɱ⣬ǳӦָƽ
䣬ŤͷһĶԫбڣ֮û˿ݣٽĿջأ뿪
üһƬŸȥ
һߣĽȸ֮ѺҲȥ˴롣
ļգģŵƮɢζԼɢζֻҪһűö쳣
Ľҧҧײײƽ¥ȥǧС˻׷
ִƽ¥Ľ˿Сû׷֨߹һĽƿƽ¥š
뵽ʱǧѩǰģźܹɡ
ĽŹϣһǧѩ߽Щ࣬һʵڲܡ
ǧѩǰյˣе֮ɫŨ
ƳͷϲյһѪⷭŧˮҲŲϵ䣬Ҫľжġ
ǧѩŴǣŻ˭֪˵ס
Ľɫ£ǧѩʱ֮ҲûյİˣҾˣûιŹ˰Ͳϵˣ
ǧѩ΢΢һ㶣˵ĿȷɣһֱģôһתͷͱǱ
ˣǧѩСһ䣬㷽ŲǴһȥΧǧˣôǷûУ
˵ǧѩЩƮƮȻҲһЦ⡣
ĽŤͷЦֻ÷ۡ
ϵһ˶ǧͣѪüֱˡĽšüͷһǧѩϣˣ鲻ãǧ顣
ǧѩˣ˲һָӡűôҲ벻ͨĶĽ
ˣЩϵ·ѵʹ𣿡Ľһֱ꣬ǧѩƨһš
ǧѩͨ죬ܸоԼǱˣҧҧǰһ㽫Ľ·ѵ
·ѵǧѩϱսѪ⣬ˣʱʱŵζڱ䣬ǧѩʵܲ˾ŶӸŻ
Ľˣɫڣ
ˣ㾹ңĽŭˣֱϵسǧѩϡ
žžž
Ƕһö޴飬ⶫһϽۣǧѩƤ˲ֱС
Ľ˼£;Щ֧ҴҽϴϢţˣ콫ҳĵҩóιҳԡ
ֻҪ˵ҩӦþָܻˣʱҪǧۡ
ǧѩվЩɵؿĽһۣΪоյĽͺñһͨһ㣬һСָͷܽɱ
뷨һǧѩħˡ
̿ˮվԭûжܽĽɱǲǾˣǲǾܱո߸ϵʥŮ
ǧѩᳶ뷨һֱԴлҲ
ˣʲôȥõҩĽҧгݣ̲סǧѩһš
ǧѩȻŽе뷨ѹ£˳ȥҩȡ˹



645 ɱ

Ľϵ˿ڣֹǧǼ˾ҽ˵ˣǿнյʵ۳Ҳ⵽ɣͬͨһ㣬ãܱͬǰһʱǼ˾͵ˣ
ڻͼȫȻֹ֪ѾȫȫǧѩС
ǧѩ¶һĨɱ⡣
ͨˣˣ˵ÿģûκʵͬͨһ㣿ǧѩҩУһ䡣
Ľһ漴ȵҵ黹ֲҪľǽҩ£ȻԹ˵һߣʲôʱҪˣٹ
ɫǧѩȴһĻҡ
ȻûʵˣȻҡǧѩеĵҩûһҪ˼ȸ½߹ޱȵʥŮ֮֮ܺȥģ
ʥŮĽЦһ㣬Ц㲻һлĸѣʶЩҩңǲʶ࣬һҾ͵ڽǹ⣬ȫǰն˵ӡ
ǧѩҧֱӽеĵҩ顣
˾ȻһҪɱһҪɱǧѩҧɺ˫ʢŭɫ·Ѿħ
ˣôҵĵҩˣĽҧгݣ־Ҫȥ
ǧѩۼֿ죬ֱӽסΪһͨˣ߽ħʦĶˣ
㡭ĽԲ˫ܲΣգ㵽ʲô
ǧѩϵˮִһһĦţ̧۵׵ȻҪɱ㡭ѾܹĴݲУôõĻǰΪһ
Ľڻһ־壬㲻ˣǺڰˣǽɱˣڰᶨŹġ
ǧѩƬ̵ааЦ˴ֻңû֪ôġ
ˣˡĽ󺰴Уֱӽϵˮҵϡ
ǧѩһˮֱͱС
од࣬Ľ͵ؽɴΪĵˣ㲻úú
ĽǧѩˮЦ
Լˣ
úòңãáǧѩˮЦᶼˣǲ㣬ˮͱ˼
~~~
Ѫɽ˲佫ǧѩŰСȾ졣
ɷɺ˫зҺѾħˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧѩŵڵϣģһѾС
ʱ˿̣еɺɫѾȥеֻпֻšǧѩӣҲɵϴ
Ҳ֪˶ãŴӵֺºڰ˻ʦȣؾ˳ȥ
ͷʿǧѩһֻߵʵС
ˣĽҲˡ˷ܹǧѩСؿܣûзκΣŶ˶ţֱܻѧԺ
һߡ
ǧȫ֪Ľǧѩڹҧǧѩһ֮»ˡ
Щûϵֻ֪þȥ¥
û߼߾ʹɴɴǧҪȥ¥һȥɡ
ǧһŤͷͷɴɴԴ粢˹üЩɻʵǲħǽô߹û⣿
û⡣ɴɴۻɴȹСʱּΪҲ֪ôˣħǵĹͻȻԭҵıϵħЩסЩħ޸ײ뿪Ҳû¡
ѽղŻţû뵽һȥˡԴԴܾЩаš
ǧ۾ⳡս۵ĽˣȻûٿЩħˣҲ֮С
ⳡսǺڰ֮ġüԵҷŻڿŵһɺڰϢһͬԺ˵˵˳Ѳڸ
һͷ˲˽
оȻкڰˣǸж°ɴɴ̿ˮæǿڵһȥԺ˵
ԴŵѾ˵ˡ
ߣȥ¥ǧתǰͷ
Ӱֱ˳˰ĵζ
ɴɴĺ󱳣ͻȻһǧˣ
ǿطЩѪա
ǧںر죬û£͸ղŲСı˴һ£ѾԹҩˡ
ɴɴ˿Ǿͺá
ûã˳¥
ǧվڳ¥ϴԶЩħ޵еΪܵŶͷܵˡ



646 ǲʲô

ԭħ޽ٵĳ£˿̲ʣǵļֻ
ǧŤͷ˿ֻţʥħѱɱ˿̣վھԳԴϣɫ۷׷ʱߡ
һȻɶ˾η֮ġ
̫ôˡżоͽһֱʥ׾Գնɱնɱоûܵһ˿˺Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣ
һݵؿŷΣһԵã
ɫƽֻڿ¥ʱ˫һǧһ˫۾ǳ
ǧܿ͸Ŀײˣеȣס˫ûɵľЩ˼
ķ֮ͬڵķΣҲ¶ˣ޴мܡ
ɾţһվڳ¥ϣһվڳ¥£һξ룬ȴýߡ
ӴֿˣȾķεļЦŵ٩һ䡣
ûɶǧš
Ⱦδ˹һԶҲˣȾüһΧûΣձ¥ϡ
ɴɴȾˣǰ˵ԺЩڰϢӣ㳹Ѳڣúڰĵң⡣
Ⱦ֪Ǻڰɵģô˵ȫûоȣȻɵĺܣãھȥ顣
üѰ˼ѧͬһȥڳ顣
һߣҲص¥ϡ
ǧΧȥסȴ뵽ʲôһؾʵʦղͻȻȥʥ׾Գû˰ɣ
ҡͷ˫ȴ纣
õʦݼΪãԭڹڳϺ΢׽һЩǰǾҪؾصģġ
ǧ֪ľᣬ֪û˺˿
ʦкڰϢԺѾѧȥˣһͻнˡǧ˵ţĿҲ˳£ħǽڽڰˣⳡս۵ܵشⶼָƽ˰ɡ
κɵسǧȥ
Ϊ϶
Ѳɣⳡս۵Ū˵ģ
뵽ղ뿪˼ʱεͷЩղȥĶ
ģ̌һ¾䲻ڣŷ·ԼһжӰΣҧֱӴҿħ޴ˣȥɱħ޶ѡ
ζĽëʲôҲû˵
֪СѾͷ˵ѣȻʲôΣյ飡
˵ǧͷҲûף͵͵һֻۣ˫䣬ֻһջĿ⣬ٿ
ǻȥ˵νֿϣ˵
ǧӲɲ˲ȥ˵ʲô
üûΣĻδξ͵űˣɶ
ɫƳͷ㿴Ѫգ˫һƷ籩нۣȻѸӡǧ֪Ѿˣֳ⿴˿ͷħûֻʣһ߾ħʬʾŸղսļҡ
֨߹һ
صĳűƿֹӶǣѧҲħʬռǶЩʬ壬һſƼҳƷĵҩ
һ￸ħʬ壬ƨƨߵسƼҽ
մȾϲɫȫûսĺºͲ
ǵӰʧǧŻȻ񣬡Щ˵Ļղžһս˿ȴûһҩôҪ
ҩȻҪζüۣ˵ӶÿնŵѪӣЩӶһյĻǰȻ쳣
ǧӦһͲ˵
ûãȾһѧˡ
ȥʱֿտգʱǾʬ塣
һʬ屻ƵĿȫǣϻвٵѪѪ˲佫ŪȳѣһʬѾɱ񣬿ɲѿǸŮˣһһ಻Ůˡ
ǧʬ壬üͷš
һĽһϼû뵽ڰô죬ѾĽöӸɱˡ
ǡǧĽϵѪôѪõй£ڰ֮˻ɵ飿
ѵϼĹϵԴйŭ
ǧܾЩԾȴɱֳĬ
˭ɴɴԴָʬ壬Щ£Ͼʬ̫Źˡ
Ⱦ̧̧ƤӣȻ϶кڰϢӦǺڰ֮ˣһŮʬһöϱǣ룬ӦþǺڰϼϡ
˵ţȾͽϼϲƿһɲǣһöںڰ᳤ϵĶرӳС
˼ˣ



647 Ū

öǡǶںڰģϼϡ
ҼǵϼóһڰĻǲǻٺܶࣿ
ڰʧһԱ󽫣ǹϺڰָտɴ
˭ɴɴָָĽ
Ⱦҡҡͷƽ¥ҵģĿǰӦǹеĳСආǱƽ¥Ҳ֪ʲô
Ǳƽ¥˲ˡ
죬ϴƽ¥ҩԽԽúóԣ벻
ѽҲָо
ҲУʱԼħˡ
˵᲻ڵҩʲôʹˣ
һѧ˸
ˣ˺ڰĶ᲻
ѧ¶ľɫǧʶοȥһۡ
ζĿ⣬ǳǳˮÿò˼顣
ǧ΢㶣ɫؽĿ˻ȥ
ѧǻڿ캰أ¶һǾˡ
Ⱦͷۣ̲ס̫Ѩ𳳣ǻģжЩҲ˰ɡ
ѧԼԼ˹ȴԾɺ¡
Ȼ˵ˣһǺ£˵ƽ¥᲻ǹһˣ
϶һˣûҩʱһˣ
˵ѾЩûˣǱ˰ɣ
ǧüͷҲ
ѽҲüûˣȻӶȻԼǰϱQǰЩ֡
Ī汻ˣ
һĬѧٴֹ
ҲǻãȻźڰԸԼˡ
ϧ
ѧҧгݣһ߿
ȾֹģֻԿۣ䣬ֱתˡ
ѧǼԺˣֹ˼Ҳͣߵϵʬ壬㷢йһͨҲˡ
һ˲¥ϱÿģǧŵϵʬ壬˫ɬ
ǰʱһƺŵƮɢѾĻҲȻס˵
˵ţ󱳴Ѫգ˫ر䡣
ǧͷҲط̧ţμ粢뿪¥
һ߽סݣǧصЪϢһһͻϮֱӽѹ˲Զϡ
ǧ΢һ̧˷˫īӣͷһЩɻĵʣΣʲô
ǳǳ˳ָȴදֱŪǧڣŴ󷢴ȱ˿ڣˣ
ǧŴ꣬һſ˵ǰ΢˵ˡ
ôŪģμʣǳǳƺȾһ㱡İ˿̽塣
ǧ΢٣ƺӰҪҪ˵Ͼղžһշεӿ϶ᵣĵİɡŪȥ˵üһɤ͸ģȴżֺ˵ѹŪ˿ȴǲˡ
ɣ˵ˡǧüһɨƺЩ䣬Ҹղ˺ڰˣʵڲѾ͸Ǵһܡ
ǧ˵ʵڼ򵥣ϵٴ¶ŵֻܿ˹ȥǴһܺ󣬾ôصˣ
ҲûкأҳѪͺˡǧüͷûǰ㽿
ϼʵ㽫ɱˣγһһ뵽ղǧܾһ˲;
ǧ򴽣֪βúŪֱӽղȫ˵˳
ɫǺóأǺֱ룬ͷһǧ֫ţңЩҲˣǲǱŵˣ
ǧ۵Щۣһ¶ĵǣҲĽƿֲǽСôܻᱻŵҲûʲô£ܾܲʹ˽ҹȥ
δĺڵӶš
ǧЩ飬ָҲ֪˵Щʲôá
ãβ̾һεˣԺĪҪһжˣǳʲô£һʹ
ǧȻ̧׹䣬ÿ쳣á˾ȻĽҵû뵽
뵽Ľյľ𣬷üһҲĮԲȣųΪ˺ڰõĹߣҲǻá
ΪΪĴʦ˵ǧ΢΢һ¡
ȥҿ˿ڡֱ֣ӽǧᱧ˻С
ǧֻһתգ֮ʾͱ˴ϣҪûʲôÿģѾѪ˿ͺˡ
ִ⣬Ҫ
ִ֣ǧҧҧǣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô



648 ɰ

⿪ĶΪ࣬ڶԴһϡ䱦
ǧ˳Ľë΢Щأ˿ڶѣΪƷһ˿ζ
ɲɣ
ԼȻħˣ
ǧ΢죬ֽὫԼȥֱӱˣ޲ڸضȥô
κֿļϡ
ǧһֻһڼܣûֱ˴Ħ
ָůִһϵļӣĦŴһУЩǧмܲס
ǧߺҧгݵΣ˿ڶѾˣǲӦðҰ·ˣ
û˵˿Ħš
ѪѪֹסˣ˿ȫ¶ϵ˿ſˡ
ڻ𣿡š
ǧҡҡͷͲˣ΢е࣬еѿѡ
εĿƣܿͿ󱳴ǶǳɫľŰǳǳȴ˫żջ˵ɫ
ţ鲻Խḧȥ
Լ󱳴òǧٴν˽ǰȫ֪һĴʦʾå
Σ㹻˰ھǸԱ㾹ռԱıˣǧɤоһְơ
󣬲ʧЦһŽջˡ
ɿǧ˿ٱôòȥ¿ƲסԼ
δɺε˫˹
ǧ㣬ȴһѿסŵĴ𶯣㴩¡
΢㶣治ˡ
һһãָʱʱϻϵļӴ𼸷ֲ漴ȫʱǧǺˡ
Ǵ°ò
ĹĴʦ
ޣΪåˣ
·ãǧۣϧ㣬⼸죬ֵģ˲ߢ
΢ĻˣҿǷ񰲺áνеİɫȥͻȻ˵
ǧһΣֱ÷ΰüۣЩŵʣôû°ɣ
δϣ鲻䣬ԶЩֻ̥Ҫһ¾ްˡ
ǧŵû¾ͺá
ǧԴ˲һĨº񣬡ϢҰȥһ밲̥ҩ
ǧͷһĨů⡣
һߣͱÿյģʵĵĽռһ뵽ԼղŶ̥ȥͷ
죬ȶС˶ȶһЩҲ١
ӣǧɰӣ˯˯˳Ժò
ξľźһ˫ȫ⡣
ǧڴϣڶЩƮƮȻģǱ֪һ֮֮µĴʦԹźһŮˣ֪᲻鶼ɳ
Ȥ
ǧЦЩ
ζŰ̥ҩĿⲻԾ䵽ĨЦϣ£Ц˿ģ
ǧӹ룬ҩںģζȴǷصصģ෴˿˿ģͷºŵֻ룬һ֮֮ϵĴʦѾߵĻƣǱ֪϶
ıǼ⣬Цݳ磬𣿡
ǧ˫Ȼǿĵġ
ЦΪ
ǧ룬ɫЩţνɿææʵյĵˣ
ḧСᣬܺãȻһǿ׳ı
ҩⱦɷˡ
ǾͺáǧԽϷεĴ֣͸üҲ͸һĨͣǲǿԼˣ
һĬŵϢһգȶһ㣬ɺã
ǧµصͷãġ
δһĨǳǳЦ˲ؼ䶼ʧɫˡ
ǧŴǣЩС
ϢһգǧõεԼˡ
ͬʱǳսԺ󣬳ڴһ˸˵飬ǾƼҵλճСˡ
ʱƼΧˣʲô֧岮̣һЩСΧһȴʯǰ࣬͵ƿʯ߳
ɼǶλճŮӡ
ƿĸǼѰʱʲôӡ
Ҽҿôָ⣬ʲôӰɣ
һ곤ĲҲ𼱣ϵ츳õģȻܰȫصġ



649 Ϳ

ﴽǡ
ûС츳ͼãڱҵǼӶãպܵ½չЩĿɿڴ
ʱҿĺӾ;ˡ
˵䣬ʯžһһ㿪һϮҺɫ۵ƿ滺߳òֻԣ͸ĸ߰ţҲò˼Ρ
ˣƼЩ˷׷Χȥ
棬ˣ㼱ææţƿϵƸıˣһٴοڵ棬ˣ
ƿ湴һЦǰף߽׵ҩʦˡ
һ˻Ȼ
ŶʮɣȻ߽ҩʦڶʮʱֻ²ſﵽĽף˵ȼֻѳԽƼЩӡ
ЩֻҼλҲṰָġ
һʱ乧άڶƿЩάϵЦôҲʲȥ
סƿ֣Цβɹף͸һµҩ
ʲôҩţ֪ԼŮӲʧ
Ҳ۰Ͱƿ档
ƿ˹Ժ󣬲ǿ˵Ҳ͸ϴ赤ҩ
һͬʯվԭһ
ûɣ
ϴ赤
Ǹ䷽ʧϴ跥ǣųʵϴ赤
ϴ赤䷽ڣ½Ƴϴ赤˶Ȼ֮٣ƿȴ˵Ѿ͸ϴ赤ҩ췽
ҩЧȻûеҩãôʧѾõϴ赤ģҩҲųڵ־Ķ۳ȥ϶˵ĺ
һȵؿƿ棬ڿһһ
ƿ˵ĹάһƮƮȻˡ
棬㵱ϴ赤ҩڸ˵ͬʱЩģ»ӣ¹ϵشвɺ
ƿ֪ڵʲôֱӴͳһƿҩϴ赤ҩλ岮һ顣
ǳɫҺ屻װƿУƿľٶҡҷһɲϸϸܵĲкһ˵С
Χȥǿţʱٴα
찡ϴ赤ҩֻҪһţҾ;ȫ泩ˡ
Ҳĸоʵ̫ˡ
Ȼϴ赤ܼϴ赤ҩⱲҲֵˡ
֪ϴ赤ҩԺսƿ֣棬û뵽ϴ赤ҩ׵Ľ
ƿЦСֹάϰˡ
棬ôģЩ档
ƿɫһ䣬Χôˣʵڲ˵ףߺ˵ɡ
֪ش󣬱ͷ
ûãΧŵ岮Ҳת뿪뿪ʱȴƿ켸ƿϴ赤ҩ͸ǡ
ƿϴӦͷȴ˪ǲԸġ
ЩһߣƿǱ۵׵¶˳һȺ̰ˣƽҲûǸʲôôһҲϴ赤ҩͰͰˡ
δպҪõЩ岮ǵ֧ţʵڲ˺Ƥ̰ɡο
ƿӦһ˵űߵƫԺҩĵطﵤҩѻɽЩҩʦһ̲ͣƵҩ
ûѪֳҩ
ƿˣüͷ𣬡ףƼΪҪôೣҩ
򴽣Щӷȫ˵һ顣
ƿһɫЩѿ㵱ǺͿôŪֹأ˹ȡҩأ
ҧͻȻҲЩڣҲģһЩӶħ޹ڱչصҲܵġ
ƿһҲûôˣ˵Ҳмֵ׻ǱЩӶƾħʬ徹ȡƼҵĵҩƼҵײǿõģȹЩ涨ͳ˰ɡ
ͷҲд⡣
ƿֵ֣ףҲ̫⣬ȹЩϴ赤ҩһۣʧĽҶ׬ġ
Ц˲
ĸŮ˵һصУ棬ܸףôģ
ƿ潫һСȡף游ǰضĳҵģŲҩ䷽һ游ǰҲоϴ赤ҩ䷽ȴʧˣЩҩݳɷȷģҾ˳˼·оȥ뾹Ҳˡ
һý
ŮѾΪ߽ҩʦǰ;
棬ⱾСҪغˡ۾Ǳ˷ָ֣ҲᱻʱǶƼҡ
ƿֻ᣿



650 ҩ

ܿ죬ƿ͸һҩ鴫ǳء
˵ʧѾõϴ赤ҩϢһ˲仩ȻϢģϵƼҪΪֿȵĴڣԶ½ֱϵƼҶûоϴ赤ҩ
һ죬˶ƿ㣬оϴ赤ҩ
ϴ赤ҩǧв豭£¶һĨѰζЦݣϴ赤ҩ𣿡
οڣҩȲϵҩ
ǧüʾ˵ȥ
˵ҩȵҩ׵Ķ࣬ҩֻᱻˮϡͣЧܹûеҩõģеҩڣû˻˶ȥҩ
ǧƵƵͷ
ԭˣϴ赤ҩǵҩ档
Ҳ˵һֵ桭Ƽ˿϶֪ǧڲǰͽϴ赤Ƴˣǰûκοͷ
ǧһ˲ȻˣҲ˵Ƶϴ赤üǮ
ǻ˺ʵʵ˵
ǧӵһת뵽ʲô飬͸һĨ
š
ǧüСɷǰ鷳ƼߵѵܳҴ׬һʣ
β
ǧСֵʱֻỳɵƼͷϣĻע⵽һС
ι˹Сӣĵǻ͸ˡ
ǧüұǸģǺˣѡһɢ
ɫһɤƺһ˿ŭ
ЩǧҲʶԼ˵̫֣ᳶε½ǣƺðɣҸղŵĻ
ĸҺһǸСģĶϴ赤ǿȥǵȹһ󣬴Ƽҵϴ赤ҩʼٳҲ١
ʱ˶ԱȾ˺ϴ赤϶ܶࡣ
ǧŤͷΣ侹Цû뵽Ҳͦڵġ
Цʲôš
ǧ۾С˵ֻǷҲͦڵģƼ֮ҩҶһЩ
ֻЦ
ڷ˵ЦţһߣƼϴ赤ҩǳ¯ˡ
һ죬Ƽ¶ϲЦöϲ£ˡ
棬˵Щϴ赤ҩǸһ䡣
ƿۣʨӴ󿪿ڵһƿϴ赤ҩǧң˼Ӽ۾ǼӣֻҪ׬Ҿ͹ˡ
һЦÿ
ϴ赤ҩϢһųȥ˶Ƽſڣвйӵܣ¶ȹâǶϴ赤ҩȡ
ɼǳٳδҲȵòͷˡ
ô£˵ϴ赤ҩô˻
ǰѵǼϢ
Ƽ첻ϴ赤ҩӣ
˲²׷׵ʱƿӺ˳
лһƿɫҩǳɫΪƯһͲǷƷ
˿еɫҩ׷׵ֱ۾
ɫʲô
ѲɾǴ˵еϴ赤ҩ
ǽţϱֵüΪ˷ܣƼеǲϴ赤ҩ
ϴ赤ҩͿЩɣǽǴˣеǽҹ򡣡
ƿվһû˵
ȴʱ򿪿˵еĵȷϴ赤ҩЩҩҼҿ죬Чÿƿǧңϴ赤ҩͷҲ࣬õѡӼۣ۸ߵá
һûоʲôԡ
Ƽҵĵҩǧ󣬸οʧѾõϴ赤
ϴ赤ǼҲø
Ħȭƣ¶ڱصõģ
㽫ƿϴ赤ҩڷϣֻƿϴ赤;ְɡ
Ļ£˿ʼˡ
żǮϵĸŮ˲Ц˻
ϴ赤ҩֱ԰ǧңһڽңһǧҵļ۸۳
һ۸񴫳˲óں䶯
Ϊ۸⣬ѵõƿҩϴ赤ҩǺȥԺϴ跥ǣųʣֻƼҵķ֧ܵ˵ӵ
ҩĹӵܷ׷׻ؼң׼Կҩ
ǺȥԺ˲ʲôһûȫʼˡ
ǿʼȴҩЧȥԺǾϲķƿͻˣֻҪһ㣬ǵʵҪһ¥
ǾϲֵͬʱҲϴ赤ҩЧƵһߵĶ塣
Ѷ˼ϴ赤ҩЧôãÿÿҹļƼſڣϣһƿϴ赤ҩ
ϧƼҳƷҩ̫Сˣÿֻƿô



651 ҩٰ

ǧϢԺüЦ䣬˼û뵽һƿССҩȻô󣬶һƼſڡ
ԴȥȥУ
ȥǧæǿڣЩ˲ϴ赤ʱһͷˡ
Ҳȥ˺С
ĵطҲӳ⡣
ҺеıϵͳòֻҪоͻṩרŵĺɫ·˻һߡ
ʱ·һһ˭ϵó
Ѹٻ·һߴʱҲ˲˵ݡ
Ҫӣεš
ǧһۣǰһӵضλɣضλ
εڵһʱˡ
ӵţǧϴ赤ڷΪ۵ĵطδע⵽ߵǧüһֱӽҩƿӴˡ
һɲǣҩζƮɢֱֱƮɢʮ֮⣬Ũǳѡ
ܿ죬ȺͿʼɧˡ
ʲôζ̫˰ɡ
ǵҩζɡ
ɣҩζƮɢʮ֮⣬Ҳᱻ紵
˲²׷ףȴôҲ²͸ˡ
ѭŵҩζǧǵſڡ
ζǴﴫģ̫ˡ
λֵܣʲôҩ
ǧҡеĵҩӣǳǵҩ
һ㶣һʲôҩζôŨҩƷʿ϶ܸ߰ɣ
ǧŵػζƿӣЦĵҩˣ˵»ǡ
һ˲ˡ
ǽǴ֮ˣʲôҩûм
ǣЩ˵ǰ
ǧǹЦЩţţû˿˿Ǻα飬˵ϴ赤²£
һ΢һ£ܿȻˡ
ǰϴ赤϶ᾪȣƼϴ赤ҩ鴫ǳأҲкЩѾӵϴ赤ҩǻپȣ
£Ƽ֮ϴ赤ҩƼÿ۳ƿҩȻ򲻵ͼֲˡ
ǣΪʲôö뾹Ȼϴ赤Ƽˡ
˵š
ǧŭЦһȺûʶļһһƿССҩϡˣ
еĲҩʵʵڵĵҩЧҩʮĵҩ
ҩǧţ˵ͷϵĲҩʵʵڵϴ赤ҩǻ᲻Ầ£
Ȼ
˸˵ЩʲôȴͻȻͣסˡ
ڲۣ
˵ʲôʵʵڵĵҩ
ϴ赤ҩ
ƼҶûƳҩ˺εºܾȻƳʧѾõĵҩ
Ѳƭӣ
֪˵뷨ǧᳶǣֵ֪ڻʲôƵĵĵȷȷϴ赤ҩǲſһ顣
ǧ˵ţͽһöϴ赤ȡһɲǣԲӨĵҩӳУöҩɵĲƷҲǼõġ
ʮϵƷʣȻǵͽ׵ģЧԲƼҵϴ赤ҩöʵʵڵĵҩ˲ۺ졣
ܵõöҩͻƿֱܻӽˡ
ƻǧЦǴҶöҩˣôǴ˿̿ɻʲô𣿡
ǣһΪؼ⡣
öϴ赤ٽң
ѽ᲻ܹ󣿡
ƼҵҩѾˣÿֻƿҲۣܲ
ʵڣ̫Ҿۡǧ˵ţ˸ָͷ
һ㶡
ڽң
ʵڽҲҩڽˣҩڽҲܽܡ
ǧȻҡҡͷҲڽң
һ㶣Ѳʮڣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡû𡭡ϴ赤ǧҡǧվֱӣ
ǧ˲䴫˶
һЩԼĶ䡣
ǧң
Ȼ˵ϴ赤ҩǧң۸ɱƼĶˡ
еǵҩǻʵĵҩЧҩǧ򱶣
ôõĵҩǧң
һҪ
һЩСĳԱҲˡ
ûаڽңɰǧһõóģЩϴ赤ЧĲĻ϶
ôӹ󣿡ǧգգ۾һ䡣
æҡͷôһҲ۸
λֵܣеϴ赤жٿţ
ǧգգ۾˳ĽëҲжʮϴ赤ҿ࣬Ҳú



652 ҩ絤ҩ

һٴס
ѽоȻжʮϴ赤˼ƼһҲֻóƿҩһӾóʮţ˵ʲôͷѲƼұҵˣ
죬Ƽұҵ˻ˣǿ̫ˡһǲڴϾᣬǲƴֵ˦ңʼϴ赤ʱţǧеĶʮϴ赤һա
ǧŽӲӵĽңЦöϲ£ˡ
Ȼ۸ȲƼңһűⲻգۼ׬ٽˣЩҹһӵĻˡ
ϴ赤˲䶵һգû򵽵һ˲ڵĳӶˡ
㵽֣ǲǾϴ赤ˣ
һգæǧλСֵܣջϴ赤𣿡
ǧڰֻ֣ϴ赤ϢѾƼҶУȻΪƼҵжǿûôɵ
ǲϾϴ赤Ǵײˣһóʮţտ϶ûˡǧüֵЩҿܻУҲ΢עһߵ
һһ̰
Ҳ֪ϴ赤Ǵײˣһóʮţֱ£
ûãΧڵǰɢȥˣǧɢȥ̲סһƼ˰ɣҵϴ赤˺á
ϵߣϴ赤ͲҲǵĸ
ǧһ鼫ãΣԽԽ˵ˡ
Цϴ赤һգǲǸˣ
߰ɡǧŷȥ̨ٴȥֻƼҵ˾Ҫˡ
˽ϵ·ǰŸߣƼҵ˾ŷ
ƼҵļСˣǷ֮ǰ̽飬Ǽ˹ˣĸ˸ӾȻϴ赤Ǽٻ
СǾ෬һǰǰѹˣҪҵϴ赤˺ѣ
ϴ赤أСץסһʵ
ץŵǸҵӣΪϴ赤鼫ãϴ赤ˣжʮϴ赤һˣֻˡ
СԣɫüΪѿ
ȻˣһˡС˺һŵܸܲҿ򵽵ϴ赤
ӵһ䱸ؿǣҵϴ赤ʲô
Ǿ뿴ѡСֹ˵š
һеϴ赤ֱˣвϴ赤ŲύУ浱ԼǸˣҵϴ赤ûţ
ԶӰС͵һ
Ǽòϴ赤ϢֻܻصƼҡ
СǴϢһ˲üΪѿûõķϴ赤ϢҲҪǺã
㷢ŭСǹڵϲպյģŭϴ赤϶ǼٻЩӵܳ˺ϴ赤ûЧ϶Щ˵ġ
һҲɢ˲١
Ҳԣϴ赤ʲôƳ
ף˵òϴ赤ɲƳĶοǵҩöȻǼٻƿ洩һϮ۷ɫɴȹվڹӰգЩӾͻ֪Ƽҵҩã
һЦ̰Сˣվ͵úˡ
ɵգƼ˲ͱ
ΪЩϴ赤Чʵ̫ˣǳһԺֱӽˣҶʮȫˣֱ˴۾
ܿϢǳأһȫǵ˶Ȼˡ
ϴ赤ҩˡ
Чܺãֻǳһžܽס
Ѿжʮ˽ˣЩϴ赤ģ
һ˷׷ӿУϧһȦҲϴ赤ˣյһҲ꼻һ֣Ƕʮȷȷʵʵˡ
ûϴ赤ǽһڰƼҵҩûʲôˡ
ҩܺ͵ҩ
һӾͽ
ܣܣ
һӣƼҵϴ赤ҩȥˣһŵҩȥʲôҩģɵӲŻ
ƼϢûô˭ϴ赤ҩ
ΪǼٻû뵽ȻӣһҲ˷ŭ֮ɫƼҵⶼȥǱ֪˭ĵҩҶҪۡ
סƿỽһ˵Ƽҵҩ˵᲻ģ
һɫЩѿܣϾҵԴΪܵõϴ赤䷽ҲΪ棬ױΪܺúñ֣պҲܱҿأ̫ˡ



653 ׼ȥϴ赤

ƿɫҲЩѿҲ֪ҵ˭Ƴϴ赤
򴽣ҵĵճӰɡ
ĵƿͷЩˣ򴽰꣬һڵǣҵô˴
ü۲ɴ˼֣ҲƳϴ赤ҩĿ϶Ƽ֮ˡ
ƿ۾ðҲû˵
̧ҲļҵӦﶺ̫ãߺҩֻᶵһա
ƿͷź࣬ҵ˵ȷڴ˴̫ãϾһ̫ҪǾڴ˴ɢĵġ
һ룬ƿ¹Ц⡣
ףҾͳЩӶ켸ƿϴ赤ҩҵһߣҾͲǲ򡣡ƿվһ࣬ϵķɫȹ裬ҲһĨ˵ϡ
ļǳЦͺá
ƿЦЦҲ˵
ڱƼ۵ף˿Ժʯϣһңڡ
ǧʯϵļȣɡ
һ߰˵ƼҵȤţǰƼģ˵ûɫ
ǧŲյһ˫۾˵ƼΪҵϴ赤
Ϊϴ赤ֵ̫ǧɳȥϢõϢǧЩЦˡ
ǰǾΪ֮ϴ赤ǹġ÷һۣȫ
ǧ˫Ƚ˫תתȻΪģҹЩȥϴ赤ˡ
úٺһЦϲ˵ùȥ˽ٺöˡ
һһ˵ʱα˦ж˸ˣ
ǧ΢΢̧˫ʱʱõëƼҵ飬ǻΪЩϴ赤֮ģЩ׼ȥһҲ鵽ҵͷϡ
áͷ硣
ǧһҲ˵
еϴ赤粨ûȥңټҩ֮˻δںУϴ赤ҩһĨصɫʡ
ֹЩӣǧƿƿ޹޶ռ䣬վΣҪȥһˣһȥ𣿡
æ߻ӣȻҪһȥˡ
УһӣִϺ׼ۺߣŽҩһԶȫ˳ڷ۴
һֱںеȴᣬˣ̷ӵϡ
ҩƿһϴ赤
ƿûд򿪣ԾŵϸζһҪΪǿԲܴˡ
ǧôΧҲ΢Щ档
ȻôˣǲһֱŰɣ
Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ƺΪ֤ʵĲ²⣬Щؿ˿ڣСֵܣˣһֱ㡣
ǣ˼գΪ㲻ˡ
Сֵܣ˶ϴ赤
ǧһ㶣漴䴽Цû뵽Щ˻һֱţͦģüڵ˵һȻɴ˶ʮϴ赤ҪͿЩ֡
һĦȭơ
ǧˣֵͬϴһǧһš
һ䣬ȿֺǰҩ
գ֮䣬ʮϴ赤ͱȥ룬ֻʣһŵʱһ˫Сһж˵ҩƿӣ漴Ÿ߰Ů
öϴ赤Ҫˡ
ҩЩˣǰĸ߰Ůŭöҩȿأõģִʲôܲܽ
һϮɴȹƿЦƿǵ
ƼҵճŮƿ棬ŲСˣЩСһϵħʦܴͦġ
һƼҵճŮЩˣһ뵽ϴ赤Ǻεҧҧǿ˵ƼҵճŮΣѲɾΪݣҾҪ𣿡
ƿ뵽ԼҩһƿûȥּĵҩüãҧŤˡ
ǣҪƼˣƿвƼƵĵҩϵƷǵңЩϵƷҩɾͲˡ
в
ŭĿӣƼţ档
ǧܿ˶̧̧ƤӣͿһŮںһӶţŮͨһĸ߰ȴ˼֣ʢŵĵӺݶȴֽ˺ܲ
Ů˭ǧ˴εĸ첲̲סʡ
ƿ꣬˵ǶԻӦƼҷ֧ĵճŮƿ档



654 м򲻵~

ƿ棿ǧ۾ȤŻͦ߰ǷöƵġ
Ц
ǧ۾ֵƿ澹ƤӵҩƼ֮˾ϲǿ
εĮڣƼ֮߰
ǧüһеɫŨǰ߰
ƿ滹ں㻪ִöϴ赤ٲȻţûֵ˼ҲûһҪǮ˼
ǧˣɫѿ
ⲻţǺƤرġ
λӦƼҵС㣬ƿɡǧ˷䣬Ȼ˵ƼҲҩңΪνջУµϴ赤ţ
ƿ̿ǧȴʵʵѱ棬šüɫӲãЩϴ赤Ƶģ
Ȼңѵ㣿ǧüû
ƿ˫࣬δ˸ô˵
ӴҼˡ֮ʱǧ˵ƼǰЩӲϴ赤ҩôҩòãҩ⣿
ƿ֪ԼǱˣһǱһİˣҧгݣòһԼ˵˵Ҳ˵ϴ赤ҩ˭˲֪ϴ赤ҩ䷽ʧ°ƭƵġ
˵õǹûʡǧ߳һ֪СɿʲôȻ
Щҩѣϲ̨档ƿһеɫŨ
ĵȴ΢΢Щ𺳣Щϴ赤Ȼֻǵͽ׵ģƷʼãҲƳѲɣҵˣ
ϲ̨ͽҩҰվһԣ
ƿǽŵҩΪҪ㣬öҩҵġ
üŵҩ뿪
ǧҪˣͦš
С㣬ʲôǧһƿǰ
ƿȻ֣ɫ˲˱䣬ˣǰʲôСҲ𣿡
СҲЩ
ǧۣһ׳յС㣬öҩ㻹ûиǮءƼ֮ѵϲ԰ͣ
ƿһһ׵ѿ˫ͻȻ̧һţƿ濴ĵҩҲĸУ˵Ҫ԰ˣ
䣬ƿߵСʹһɫһӽң˵˵
ĽҾʮ򣬴򷢽лӶ
ǧӶûнӣͻȻЦһƼС㣬ҵϴ赤ǧңʮҾϴ赤һм򲻵
һ˷׷׳ЦƿĿš
ӣ΢΢һƼֻҪһŵҩкöˣһϴ赤óʮ⵽ǿأǹģΪݲΣ
ƿɫ̱úѿ
Ǳ˵˵˭˵ǹģƿɫֱ࣬СȡʣµĽҡ
ôһöϴ赤ȻҪǧңⲻǴ
ƿ֣ȴȻˣϴ赤ҩø
ӣҿŵҩ˰ɣƿ潫ҴӶǧǰ
ǧǰĽЦЦ
μƿţ֮룬ҲйŪһ
ιô˵ƿݺݶǧСͱ׷δܵ˺ӣһʱֻӬһΪܡ
ԲС㡣ǧüǰĽҴӷöϴ赤Ҳˡ
ƿŤ˵ʲô
˵Ҳˡǧڲµޱȡ
ƿӲ˭
ǧָӣղλõģϴ赤ȴֲǮ˾ܣҵϴ赤Ųˡ
ƿָǧıӣ˵
ǧһЦֱӽеϴ赤ȡأݵС
ֻԼһϴ赤Ÿ˽ңҩתܡ
ƿԼֿտգòˤڵأʲô˼
ǧʼ磬˫żаЦ⣬Ҳûʲô˼ѭ󵽵ĹضѣƼŹˣǰһ׸вͨ
ƿ죬һʱ侹˵
ǧߵԣ°ڣһСЦ
Դǳ硣
ϴ赤Ѿ꣬ǻȥɡǧƿƿ޹ޣ׼ȥ
ƿʵܲס裬һѾͿסϵƿӣԴţƼҵճŮͲµƼң



655 ȥƼ

ǧü
ӣƿˣƼңΪ򵽵ҩ𣿡
ǧͷһۣ治֪ԽģС㣬ҼȻƳϴ赤Ʋҩ
ƿһ㶣һʱʧ
ǧṴֵС㣬Ҿ㻹ǵĵԼɣǱ֪ôԴ͵ģ˵˻ŹЩϵ
ƼѾôΪˣ֮ˣˣ
ҷ˵ʱƺЩϲʲôԹҵ棬ҲûаθС
ңƿͷʱһ¡
ԭҲֻǲ²⣬ǧ˵ӵɴ󣬻ˡ
ѽҡǧֻۣúЦ˵˭Ƴϴ赤ҩ
ƿĵغȻҵ˵ˣ
ˣƿһ䡣
ǧһ֣أƼ֮˵ģ
οü֮˼Ц⣬¾˵Ƽҵ䡣
ƿɫ԰ֽϵǵ߰ҲһЩ˿̵ȥƽ棬ݣֻ¶˶Ҳû˻ע⵽
Сûʲô£Ǿˡǧ˳ε֣۾գգ̧뿪
Ҫ뿪ƿǽ۽סǣλһ¡
ǧЦЦؿƿ棬Скιɣ
ƿ濴˵ı飬ܸоһϮλȻҵˣǷּȻҪдλβƼݵƼҸۡʱǶȻþƺòźš
֮ˣҲ롣
ǧеζŨܾͱγ˳°ڡ
ǧЩɻؿȥȴᳶǣ漴ŵƮɢС·ɡ
εܺƿֻһƴ棬ģһĨ֮
λƿ΢Ż
θƿĽŲǧ򴽰꣬ȴ벻ġ
ǧδߵϸһ䣬ǧܡ
ǧһĨ֣Ҳ˷ִȥƼҵ⣬˷ǳǧȥģ
߰ɡסС֡
ǧü۵ʹŸĽŲ
ϵ·ûлǵƼҴſڣɴźۣߣƿҪ̽ǵݣȴʲôû
λȻѾƼҸܷۡͷƿ̽š
ǧϵߣͷǾͲˣϾǴЩΪ˲ϳ
ƿ滹˵ʲôȴֱӱǧѩϣСִǻͷǾֱ뿪ȥͷˡ
ƿһΪǵλ
ͷһ֮˻ӣæǳλȻ뻻ͷǱ㲻ˣĪҪҽɡ
ǧһͷǸ߰ƿ͹һ
ǾС·ٻ
ƿǰͷҧһǵݣֻͱˡ
вζ⡣
λϱĿ񣬴Ų۾
ˣЦЦԶˣæǿʵ棬λǣ
ںǵģʱϴ赤ҩƿԸ𾪵ı飬ЦЦֵƼҵˣΪϵճŮǡ
Ӧ룬Ӧ롭˵˼ҵˣֵҲܹȡ
ǧЦЦؿǣţֻҪǿЩʲô
λĹͣЦָָԱߵӡ
Ҳ飬ֱӾˡ
æѾʹ˸ɫѾ߻⣬ȥ׼ˡ
λһ£ϾˡһֱȴڵʵʵʲôҲ
ûòǧḧ˸յ漴һĨָܡ
ƿͰͶˣһ뵽ϴ赤ҩ֣ľСèצһر
ǧ״ؿһۣʵС㿴ǣк𣿡
ƿƬ̣ǿڵλĿǰֻоϴ赤ҩȻǶƼˣܲܽϴ赤ҩ䷽һһƳɹҲܽƼҵƷ󰡡
ǧۣƿ澹⡣
ʲôõֱǳ˵Ρ
С⻰˵ú֣ƼԶֺ㷢󣿡ǧüԴǼ񣬡㲻ƭҵϴ赤ҩ䷽ɣ



656 ䷽

ƿɫһ࣬ҡͷûС
棬Ҫ˵Ҳʹһɫ
ƿ򴽣Ҳ˵ˡ
ΣæǳԲλҪᣬϴ赤ƼΪԣλˣȻ̲סҪһ
ǧյ£Ҳ𣬡ԭˣһΪƭȡҵ䷽ء
ǺһЦĻᰡλͱ˼ˡ
ǧ˵
򴽽ǣЩģǵλ˰ɣ
ƿҲЩգ֪ˣЩˡ
ΰذŲյָմЩˮֿд¼֡
ǧδɵԼ˫ǳʵҪϴ赤䷽ҲǲԣһҪ󡣡
Ϊ¶ûʲôˣô˵ƿŵ̷ǹ⡣
ʲôš
ҲͰͶˣλлֱ˵
ǧ΢٣ǵȼˣŻڵ˵ղһֻǧܣ
ͷһֲܾõԤУղһֻ
ǧһһ¼Ϊĸζһ˵Ҫϴ赤䷽ͰǧóΪ
һͷɿһ¡
⻹˵
ǿѡ
ǧܹٶֺǽֻԺҲڶֻˡ
⡭ЩΪѣƼһв챦ܷһ
ܡǧ֪ǧ󣬿ʧѾõϴ赤䷽ѵȲϱܣ
û˵ͷһ˳ȴЩбˡ
סƿᳶ°ڣܾ
ǧɫֵǧֻʹһΣ䷽һõֱֱӡԺУʱഫõĶҫࡣ
еǸ˳Ѿȫбˡ
ǰֻʹһΣ䷽ֻҪԺоͲʧ
һ䷽ȻȱܺϺܶܶ࣡
ãͬ⽻˾
ƿ󣬲˿
ǧϵ飬ϵЦݸŨ֣ԴȻƼѾǿɾͱˡ
е⣬æͷҾڡ
ǧ۾еζйȴʲôȻƼѾǾͿЩܽǰɡ
ˣȡٷԸȥ
ʱһѾһлŪͷıܡ
㽫нǧУܾˡ
ǧд򿪣һӣ˿˿֮һֻѩɫܾţȫմȾһ֮
ȷǱɣƼ֮˲ûжʲôֽš
ǧйϣһѶռУƼ׼ñīͽ䷽Ĭд
»һ󡣡۾һĨ˼ǻ
ǧµؿƼк£
ο۽ǣһ˿⸡֣ȻڵҲ˺ܶࡣ
һ£һſڵʵҲûʲôλ̵һҼҿҩ
ƿЩϲؿԼף˵֮˵ҩַΪ죬ָܱһҩ·϶ܻøӲĳɾ͡
Ŀ⾼ؿ㣬ڳм
ǧ֪ڴʲộɳһƼָǧ𣿡
һתҲʨӴ󿪿ڣֻ˵øίһЩλǲ⣬ܷһһ¯ҩҼӿ濴ǵҩַΣ
ۿҩַҩʦĽɣ˵װװƣһİ˿ܹǲõģһ͵ѧ˿ôã
ǧüһпûֹǡ
뿴ͿɣҲÿû½ҩַ塭
ΪǧǲӦʱˣȻֻ뿴ЩҶȻǲܾģҳ˵ǰͷǿ͵ÿǵ컯ˣֻһεҩ
ĸŮæͷһξһΣǵ츳ʲôġ
ǧһǾͿʼɡ
ĸŮϲ֣̽Сȥ׼ܿҩݺһŷͱ˳
ָǰķλȥҩ
ǧ˷䣬Ǳȥȴԭûж
ƿ治οȥ֪˵ݣֻ֪˵ܺЩģȴֲһĨ˵ζֻҪһ˻顣
ϧȻûһҪҩ˼Ѳǲҩ
ֻҩֻ߳Ϊ˸߰չֳѡ
ƿϸϸŷΣֱǧҩݵַ˹ȥ
ҩݵַܿ죬ֻʣһĲӰ㼯оҲδҩݵġ



657 

ƿ治۾ɵַµʱ򣬾ͿǧѾҩݴˡ
꣬ٶȿȹٰ
ƿЩ񣬾ͼҲסˣΪʶ㣬ȴδٵشҩݣ¡
ҩݣǧһԶҩݶ뵤¯Уϵħ
ֻáৡһڵϸߣǷŵ¯ײûþһҩζ
ŵҩζĸŮһ
ôСʱѾҩƺˣ
𾪵ʱǧֱӽħ泷ߣһɲǵҩ̺ãǹҩζƺŨ˼֡
ǧ¯Ӵ򿪣Ũҩζ˲ƮɢʣҲƮĸŮıӱߡ
ǧµؿ˵ı飬ǿ˵ƼѾʾһҩģǿ𣿡
ƵΪ򵥵Ѫܼ򵥣Ҳӿ١
ĸŮȻЩŵؿǧ
潫ҩƺˣ
¯һ濴öнѪڵ¯УÿһƷʶھʮϣɫζŨǿļƷƼƳĵҩҪá
ĸŮſˮ˫ĵҩ
֮ˣƷʵҩһ¯ţ
һ¯ţƳţζҪ͵Цˡ
һ뵽ǧŵҩַĸŮһãȻ̫ˣǸûʲô
ҩַ̫죬û塭֧֧òǿ˿ڡ
ƿҲͬ뷨̫ˣ壬ܲһΣұ֤ڶܹ塣
ǧ۾ЦһҸղѾ˵װףֻһΣܲܿ壬Ϳǵ츳ˡ
ĸŮɫ࣬ڼ˵츳á
ĸŮֲ˵Щʲôֻܽŭ
ɸղ̫ˣҸʲôû壬ܷкãһΣƿٴ˵ЩʱǱŤ
ǧһתȾһĨЦݣҾһΣ²˵壬Ǿֻ˵츳ˡ
ĸŮ򴽣һգգĶǧеĶ
ǧٴοٴҩݣַ죬Ӱ֣Ųգ۵Ĺֽһ¯ҩƺˡ
ĸŮٴɵۣһǻûܿ壬Ҳ˵츳ã
ǧ˵ɫ۾һĨЦڴǸ֣һΣλ𣿡
ĸŮ΢٣Ǻ˵壬˵֮͵ڼӳ츳á
ǽĸ֮ˣ׳ԼĶ̴
ƿȻ򴽽ǣŻ˵һҵǿˣл˴ͽ̣ȥҶȻǳ
Ǽأǧš
ҡǵ˵ͷҲˡ
ǧǵЦݸŨ˳Աı飬鲻Ҫ̫ˬȻλˣҾͲʾˣλ׼ñīͽϴ赤䷽г
ĸŮһæ׼ñī
ǧĸŮеı飬кһ⻮
ϴ赤䷽Ѿʧãû֪Ҫļζҩݾʲôһżٵ䷽һʱҲ޷ֱ
ϴ赤䷽ôɵģ
֮£ǧЦЩգ֮ҲһĨܿǾ˱īǧմ˵īֽ֭дһҩ
ĸŮȻһֻǧܣܵõϴ赤䷽еɢȥһЩʱʱǧµּֽЩҩݲرģ˲˿
ɵǧһʣĸŮ˲ɴ
죬ǿʲô
ǧѩ
ǲǰ׵ҩ
ôõϴ赤棬Ѳдˣ
ˣ㲻д˰ɣ̿ˮеɻ󣬡ǧѩǰ׵ҩݣʺҩ𣿡
Ȼܡģ̧̌Ƥӣ֮һĨɫ֣ҶƳǾڵʲô
㴹ЩѰǧѩ̫󣬣һʱҲŪûʲôҩܴűѩ𣿡
ǧһЦûκҩܴѩƳϴ赤ͱõѩϴ赤ıѩкβף
ҧһ䷴ĻҲ˵ˡ
ƿҲЩͷƤ飬ѩͱһڴ½ϾͲʮֻһʱҪҵѩǴ롣
ʵҲõġǧ˵ŷֻҪѰңȻҵģһѩܴܹƶΡ



658 þѰ

ĸŮɫźࡣ
òһƷܹʹöξͺܲˡ
ȥѩ䣬ϢǱϳ֡
ǧëʣµЦݽ⡣
ϴ赤䷽ôǧѩǷϹдȥģĿľΪ˶ƼĸŮ˭ĸŮ̫߰߰ĽЩġ
˷ҲǸһѵ
ȻѾõϴ赤䷽Ҳ㶺뿪ˡǧվ֮г䵭
ҲվɫڷУɲ졣
λͻȻ˽סɫЩˣλҲ١
ǧ촽ǻ£ͲˣƼǾʹ˱
䣬ŷתߡ
֪޷ֻ뿪
һ߳Ƽҵլӣǧһ
ͷֻźٻģ˼
ǧ˵ɫһݣȥۣɫ֮вⰵһĨƼ֮˵ǲɳЩСǣΪžҵǵס
ⲻ֪Ѿ¶⡣
ҲˣƽһĨɫɲͬ£ŵļֻСҲû䡣
δ˵Щʲôǧ󣬵ߡ
ţ˼˱գ֮ͽŵļֻС˦ˣû˾ͻصѧԺС
ǧԺ̲סпһ䣬û뵽ô׾͵õǧܣһΪȥƼ͵ء
νϵժ£˲ձ¶ڿУȥ͵ǵӶȻͬҪ󡣡
ǧĴǣǳǳš
ߵߣţǵ䷽Ǽٵģ
ģ̧̌ƤӣȻǼٵģ˭û¸һģһζѩҲȥģΪľǶǡ
Сӣ֮ǳ硣
ǧĿ⣬ֻͷһ
סдһͻȻһѧǰ棬˵ԺҪϣʦѧԺյȥϡ
ǧͷζһۣͷȻЩ뷨
ȾǹȥžǺͻþѰйأ³еķѾĲˣټϳһձһհʱþѰˡ
յشͼ⴦طѾѧһޱȣҲ֪СϢһۻþѰ顣
ǧ󣬴ٴܶȡʱȻҪþڵıϴһգ
δ˵仰ȾѧǵĲ»֮ȫȻ֮ɫӸ޹ǣǱѧţֻˤڵˡ
ǧһ⻭棬˲۾
˳ǲϧ̫ˣܲˡ
Ⱦĵѧǵ˵ҲСһЩ¿һȦſʵѧǿǶˣ
ѧæǳش𣬡Ƽҵƿû
ƿѾأ˾֪飬ѧԺѧʱȻȱϯ
Ⱦ˵ˣȺͻȻһŤͷһһŷɫɴȹŮӣһС˵Ĵӵ¿
Ůɴȹ棬һһŸ߰ȴֻ㣬ĸʹϱߣݸ߹㿴ȥ͸Ӹһˡ
ǧʶŤͷһֱ˴ӵŵǸողżƿ棬ְ˼ӣȫ¹ܸ߰˿źܲ
Ȼƿ棬ûͦ졣ǧСͬ˵ʲô
γƿ濴һֿۣٽĿ˻ӦѧԺ֮ȥ֪ͨġ
ǧüߣЩС˲֪ģΪ߹ݵġ
Ц
ܿ죬ƿڿյشվ˱ֱһϯɫɴȹҡҷļС˸Ǿְźš
ѧǼƿܣ̲סֹ
ƿ棬ǺһžСźչˡ
˭Ƽ֮ˣƼҩС츳Ͳоϴ赤ҩȻȻȥˡ
ƼҵĵҩϹ󣬹ƼҲֿѶ˽ңҲԵ˼ûȵġ
ƿǵĿ佱˲
ѧǿ佱˼䣬˲˵зȤš
оϴ赤ҩΣǱϴ赤ҩȥ˵ϴ赤ҩº˽ףÿŲǧңɱˡ
ǣƼҵһƿССҩҪڽңҲ֪ǴĶš
һ˵ƿȥ˺Уϴ赤ȴǮңֱӾͲˣʱɫɾˡ



659 ׷ͬ

ǵĳЦƿɫѿ˼㡣
ô˵ƼҵĻͲƼҲѵҩ
ƿ汾뱬һ뵽Ⱦ̨ϣƢҲ˼֡
ȾЩͷۣ˰֣ѧһ̾Ͱ˼֣սΪֻþѰˡ
һѧ˵ƿ棬ͻȻˡ
ƿҲһþѰһſһΣܵõþʱѰٱڻҵǧѩ
ƿſˮһƬȡ
ĻþѰյĲͬȾָ⣬ͻȻô˵һ䣬ǰѧԺ֮˲ܽ룬꣬ҾЩѧԺ̽ѧϰѧҲܲμⳡս
һѧڷԣʦ֮ҲвٷԵġ
Ͳ࣬ôϼˣʲôȡõ
ɮ٣ǲŲͬ⣡
Ƕͬ⣿Ⱦüš
ѧæͷͬ⣬Ǿǲͬ⣡
Ⱦ۾ϵЦӣҾ֣ͦͦȤģնѧԺ֮˲μӣȫûʲôУвѧμӣܼǵʤģѲǽûʤķ
һѧͷһ¡

ǲŲǷ
ǲŲǷ
ѧͬƿҲȺߺ
ȾЦһΪβӦ
ѧͻȻͲ˵ˣʦҲЩ֧֧ᣬҲ֪˶ãһ͵ĵʦͻȻȾѧμⳡսϹذ
ʲôϹصġȾһںģǻģ޸ľ޸ģ˵һи׶ѡ
ѧǺ͵ʦ˵ˣϾѧԺȾģαΣβģҲ˵Щʲô
һвʣǧᳶε½ǣʾ˵Щʲôˡ
վһ࣬˳Ⱦѩ˲ӳУҵͬⲢԺĿЩ˲μӵȷܼѧǵĺʤģҲܶЩÿսˣʲôڴģ
źֺܿڷС
һˢˢοȥ
ѧǶʶεģħ޹ǣʥ׾ԳλᵼʦȻͨʵȺĿеĴӢۣ
ѧ۰ͰͶ˲¶֮ɫ
ʦηˣеһ˳ӶЩбˡ
ѧμս飬񻹲
ȻԨ뵼ʦ˵ˣҲͬˡѧǾƬ̣һҲͬˡ
αֱվٲȻ˵ĹǣûãʦҲͬˡ
Ⱦο˼ۣû뵽Ǽ仰ȻôЧŪһڸжûˣȻҶͬ⣬ôսպС
һ䣬ѧٴ
ƿʶοȥֻ˵ҲرȻôһ˵ȶͬˡ
ֻϧʵͨٺÿһЩǾˡ
ƿ̾һҲһĨʧ䡣
ǧƿı龡۵ףššûС
ûĻƿղʧ䣬ʧγͨ
ôǳúÿһЩǲǾҪˣ
ƿڿεͬʱҲԱߵǧ
һŰ£òǣ׿ȻŮӡ
ƿһŮӣͷɿһ¡
ǵһμòֺõŮӣŮӾһɽϵѩֻǾվţҲܽ˵Ŀȫ
ƿ˫ԼñͨޱȣʲҲԼòɫĲ٣ȻŮӣòʶԼ֮ϡ
ûվһҲԼʧɫˣЩԲλࡣ
ƿٴҧأûɵǧ˼Թޣ˭ƯƯҪ˭
ӣ
ƿǧͺ޲ϻƻźŮӱͻԱԼúÿŮģοָ߰ޱȵŮӡ
еķߺޣӳǧС
ǧԼҲûôʮɣŮΪҪ㶢Լ
ƿҧгݣеķߺ޶ÿҪ
ǧˣƿϳԼģݺǴӺδ
ƿֿ˼ۣŽĿ˻
ǧ˿㿴ȥҪƿѾʶˡ
ⳡսǻʲô𣿡ȾȥĿѧһɨ
ѧҡͷȻδӢ۶Ӧˣǻʲô飿
áȾЦɲȻǣȻû飬ǾɢȥɣպսǼսʱ򡣡



660 ע

ѧ˲件һĨѪ֮ɫ
Ⱦ˵һ䣬ת뿪
Ⱦ뿪֮ѧҲɢȥƿȴվԭûߣ۰ͰͶǧеļɫŨ
ǧûڣתˡ
ƿһɫģ֮ת뿪
ƿҲǵһμɣôԵ޹¶ֱ飿ߵƫԶĵطǧԼ΢Щơ
뵽еļʣ˫ûÿ
ǧ뵽ƿͨɻȻ򣬡˵ûҺÿԲ֮ģŻԹޣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡӦˡ΢΢
ǧ䲻һǿ£úÿҲˣ
⡣ͷ
ǧ̯̯֣ûʲôģҾǾЩ˼顭ʲô湻¡
ǳЦȥɡ
˺ܿصסݡ
ڶգǧҪȥѧԺȡЩȥʱƿ档
һɲǣ˵Ŀ⽻һ𡭡ƿ涢µһĨԹٴи֡
ŮΪÿôã
ԼƿԼͨʵ̫ͨˣеʺݣֻ˭Ҳע⵽
뵽˴ƿеԹ޸Ũ뵽ЩҩȥѩӰӶûҵ۾ͰѹȫƵǧϡ
ǧƿǰֺš
ǧû뵽ͻȻ߹۾ЦЦؿǰҽǧ֪ƼСͻȻסңкιɣ
ƿ´Խеļʾԣҧ˵ǻϵħʦ
ǰôǧüܾ߲ơ
Ҳǻϵħʦƿָ⣬˫Ҹ߰һֻӥ˵Ļϵħ㲻֪ҵı˭ʤһأ
ǧʶʲôͻȻֳһĨɫֵڴ䣬װֹ֪һ䣬ѽ˭ʤһأ
ʣƿɫЩѿ
ķӦȫԼĲͬɶ
ƿҧ
ǧ̬ɣȴȥĻ
ƿʵ̲סǿ˵ȻҲ֪˭ʤһǾͲһȣֳʤߵͣ˵Σ
ǧЩЦضƿ棬ûֳʲôʤƿ浱˵ԻȤĽ
ƼС㣬ҿûҪֳʤ˵ԻЩ𣿡ǧһ˵ϵı䵭Ȼһİ
ƿ涢һ˫мʸкβףµĲ˰ɣȸ½֮˽㵨Сµ𣿡
ǧ鲻䣬ȴһɲһĨйǲӦͳ˵С֮ˡ
ƿû˵üȴ˼֡
ǾͱȺˣҶԼͦŵġǧһĨ˲ۿ
ƿţͷˣҵûõŮƾʲôţ뻮ڽŵ¡
̫ţҪùġƿ߳һϵƶȻһ䣬Ʊøˡ
ǧڰ֣ƼСˡ
ƿߣͻȻ´ǧۣһеЦգǱ̫ˣӵע˵Σ
ǧŹյĿ⣬ʲôע
ƿ򴽽ǣŹ⣬˭ˣѹ·ѧԺȦ˵Σ
ĻϵħΪŮ˵Ҳǻϵħʦ϶Լʤֶ˼֣ٿŮѹ·Ļ棬ζҪ̫ˬ
ƿǧڵĻ棬еЦŨ
ӲԼƯ𣬵ʱȫѧԺѧ˵ӣ
ǧЦЦضƿ棬֪ڴʲô⣬ɳȷϣƼСҪĶע𣿵ʱˣҲѹ·ڵȦġ
ƮƮģżͶ⡣
ƿɫһ䣬˵˵ƼҵĵճŮлĵ
СšǧһβĿеˮǳǳš
ߵĶֵúܴ󣬲֮вѧΧ˹ǧѩȻҲС
ǧƿ棬վȺЦû֦չ
˵˭ãƫƼңʱôĶ֪
ƿôѧΧ˹Ҳֱ²ãǧҪһ»ϵħǸ͵ѹ·ѧԺȦ



661 

ѹ·
Ȧ
ѧһӲɵԲעҲ̫ô˰ɣ
ѧǿǧٿƿ棬ɶǧ˼֮ͬɫ
ŮȻɣƿĻϵħʦΪ߽ҩʦڻϵħǷ̶ȿ϶˾ޡ
ⳡԻδʼȣǧһأѹ·Ȧǿ϶ġûǽҪԡǧһ·Ѿʤȯգһﶼ֤˭˲·ĻҲöæǡ
ѧͷȴ淸ֹǧǴ͸ˣ˵ûиԼ·
ǧѩµؿǰһĻҲǧ̫⿴Ǽѹ·ľ顣
Ȼ˵ˣǾͿʼ԰ɡƿƣѾȲ뿴ѹ·ģ
ǧʶҪȡѪ﷨ȡ
˭˵Ҫˣƿüڴܷ澭鲻㣬䣬ֻ뵥ĺԻϵħѡ
ǧͣ¾ٶǾе˼˵˵ôȣ
ƿӽָռȡ޴ޱȵڽʯ飬ڽʯСɽ𣬶ּ̣һŵϾܽһ
ǧǰĴʯ飬۵׵ζŨ⣿
ƿָǰڽʯ飬ڽʯ飬ޱȣһڻһͬʩչϵħ˭ڽʯڻ˭Ӯ˵Σ
ǧתܣͱڻʯ飬Իͦ˼ġ
ɣƿʤȯյı飬ƽûչڽʯ飬Ļ漫Ϊڲлȸ֮¸
ðͱڽʯ顣ǧһڴӦ鵽ڶûһ¡
ƿȴǸ˵Цˣڼоûڻڽʯ飬˵ƼҲҩʦ׶εһҪ裬ֻҪܽڽʯڻʽ֮·ӶΪڵҩʦ
ѾʵҲͻͽǰʱܽڽʯڻֻҪһʱͳɡ
ǧûоѵģֻһ춼ܽʯڻ
ǾͿʼɡƿ򴽽ǣϵЦݶˡ
ǧ鲻䣬̧žߵڽʯǰ
ѧǼǱɵһڽʯ̣Ѱܹڻģǧǻϵħʦûоѵ϶޷ڽʯڻ
һΣֻҪԽȥˡʱƿѾʩչϵħһıȱ顣
ûãڽʯһСǾڻļ
ǧǱߣȴûаֶ
ƿһˡ
˿ЦĻǧѩǧʯûаֶһ˫Ц˻
ǧܲˣɵʩչϵħȼգһ´ڵϸߣһֱĵúܵͣͬˣŪ˵Сħͦ˼ġ
ѧΪԱˣҡͷ
ǧ䶨ˣ
ǧ֪Щʲôòֺ
ڽʯ̣
һ޷ȼգ
ƿ涼Ҫõһʱ
ǧ۾¶һĨĹЦݣڽʯһͭҪڻֱ̫ˡ
ûڻڽʯ飬ʯûаڻļ󣬿ֻԼ֪ʯѾʼڻˣǴﵽġʱƿǰڽʯڻһСǣУʯڻѸٺܿ졣
ѧǰشһǷʤѷֺġûãһѧǿ쿴ǧǰʯ鷢˾䡭
һ䣬ˢˢǰʯ鿴ȥһ˽ԭء
⵽ʲôǰڽʯŹ֣мλþһ貹âģмΪӲĲλȫڻȻ沿λҲС
ѧһ˲˲ǰۡ
ô̫ţˣǻδ˻ôڻڽʯġ
濪ʼգҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҫ֪ڽʯӲĲλ棬뽫ĲλڻһôУƿȼյķΪصģֽͷڻרģܲڻҲֻʱѡ
ǧһͿʼģ˷һԳûʲôȻɹˡ
ɺɾͳɹˡѧɴϣܴǧϿһƣ۵ļ󣬿ϧʲôûһƵģôˣ
ѧ˫Щץˡ
Ů˸Ǹ̬
ǧ֪ѧЩʲôڻ棬ٿʼڻģûãһڽʯ˲ٹһڽʯֱӾͱһ̲ˮ
ˣ~~
ˮðݣɢʱ˲佫⴦طŪůޱȡ



662 ٴα

ȡ
̫ˡ
ѧ̲ס˳ϵ·һ̲ðݵˮˮϣֻ»ɵһƤ
̫꣬ˣ
ǧĵվڲԶƿ濴һֻۣڻ˼СǶѣм䲿λǺǣŻҪʱڻ
ƿҲˣУһȥֱӱ˸
죬Ѿڻˣ
ôô졭ӿʼʱûɡƿ˫һʱ֪˵Щʲôǧһ˫ȫԹͲʣŮôô죿
ǧָָϵһ̲ˮЦţƼСҲ˰ɣѾڽʯڻˣſڻ˼СǶѣ˵ǲ˰
ƿҡ
£µҪѹ·ѧԺȦƿҧأôԸ⣬һ˺һŻǧҲ̫˰ɣʱûܽڽʯڻ㶨ȻʲôϷ
ǧ޹̯֣ڽʯģħһͬʩչģĿ֮£ŪʲôϷ
ƿһ
ǧֵСҼҲǴˣѲ㻹ˣɣ
˭˵Ҫˣˣƿ첱Ӵ֣εıԽ㣬һ֣ҿɲŲŰʱܽڽʯڻ
ǧգգ۾ʾԼͦ޹ðɣôڣ
ƿšüʲôڣŮ˵׻᲻˵
ƿһſ˵ȻҪˣҪֳʤźá
ǧ̾˿֮һĨΣôԣ
ƿһתڸղŵĽתһ룬ǧȻŪʲôϷȻʵɽڽʯڻҲ̫˼˰ɡ
һ룬ƿͷͺࡣ
ִӿռָȡʯͷʯͷͨɫͷûڽʯô󣬿ɿȥȴڽʯ˲٣һôĸо
ǧеʯ飬˭ڻĿ𣿡
Ȼƿüһ߰˼֡
ǧЦЦС˵˵ʯͷкβͬɡ
ƿеʯͷ߶߶˵ʯͷлƽʯ̶̳ȱڽʯ黹ҪӲ࣬Ǿͱȱ˭Ƚڻ
ɰǧüëһ
ټ̵Ķǰֵһᡣ
ƿ潫ƽʯͻȻֵһǲټЩעΣ
ǧƳͷĿɨһۣɰټЩʲôע
ƿתתͻȻ뵽ʲôһ˫ʱ㲻Ҫѹ·ڵȦôСߡ㿴Σ
ǧ۾ƿǳҪˡ
ñÿҲд
ɰǧֶĿƿϴţҲҪСѹ·ȦˣҾСվѧԺյش·裬Σ
ƿܾñ裬ú죬뵽Լ䣬Ҳ˵ͷУҲܻ䡣
ǧЦ
ƿֵۣ׼ãһסԼȻҾġ
ǧü۵ʹû֪ЩʲôǾͲСˡ
ƿߣתͽƽʯǧ
ǧȽӹһ˫СڻƽʯĦţƽʯȷޱȣС˵üʱƽʯȫڻ
ƿ̧̧Ƥӣ߰ߣͲˣֻҪ֪ҶӮͳˡ
ǧǹһ˫ڷ𾧹⣬ԸСԸ
ƿ߰תʲôû˵
ǧĺ󱳣ЦЦҲ˵ʩչϵħһɲǻƽʯͱյͨ죬ȴûһҪڻļ
ƿǱߣȴڻһСǡ
ѧǽͰͶƿֱߵĻƽʯһʱ侹Ҳʤѷ֡
ǡǷ׷תͷǧ
ڸղǧһ漣ſ˰ʱǧͽһڽʯڻˣôƽʯܷ漣
ѧһ˲˲ǧɿԾûпЩʲôǧҪ군Һƿ涷һܵġ
ǧ֪˵ĿеŻƽʯƽʯڽʯȵ࣬ͷСͦѡ
Ļ治ͬѰҪڻƽʯҲֵ
ǧЩοһҪЩ˵
ԻڼţƿĻƽʯڻһСǡ
ǧĻƽʯȴһ㶯ҲûС


663 

ƿ龰ǲ˼֣һŮܸ˰ɣ
ǧѩվһԣþøˣɲͷֲС˹ĺܣһܸоҲܻΪġ
ǧѩҧ꣬Ŀȴǧ
ǧջƽʯûһһʢǰ
ѧǰĳɲǣһƻӻƽʯ벿λڶգ֮ĨԽԽŨԽԽŨܿͽԱλõĲλգѧǵǰ˲䱻ⳡȻӳţһʱ侹˵κλ
͵˾쳣ʱ򣬸Ϊ˵һĻֳˡյĻУǿޱȵĻƽʯԶһ̲ˮ
ðˣˡ졣
ˣѧһȻˡ
죬ǧȻֽƽʯڻɾˣʩչϵħڻŰʱ
ҪĽడѧһݵؿǧĺ֪ΰ쵽ġ
ϧȫһȻֻ֪ǧĺ
ƿ汾ΪʤȯգɵǧֽƽʯڻˣҧŤˣŮΪ
ǧָŵϵһ̲ˮЦƼС㣬Ѿƽʯڻˣ˵ǲǸˣ
ƿɫΪѿŵϵˮɫ˲ò԰ޱȣĻͱ·裬Ǻεȵĳ裬ԼһӢٻ
ҡƿղϣͻȻǧϡ
ƼС㣬㲻᲻ϰɣǧüһƺЩţô˿أƼСǲϵĻ̫ˣ
ƿ˫࣬˵Щʲôͼѧһ۰Ͱ͵ؿԼ
˫Ǻ죬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧüһƣƼС㣬ֲˣ
ѧ۰ͰͶƿ棬һʱ侹ЩƤ
һ˵ǧˢ˹ϷɵڶεĻƽʯӼ̣ǧкεʵˣŪʲôϷ
ô˵ˣֻЩѧҲ˵䲻ƤҪĳˣ͵ꡣ
ƿ֧֧ãҲ˵һȻ
ǧֻһЦԭ߰ƿ˿̾һƤ˼ƼС㣬ô˿أ㾿˵
һˡƿ濪ڣ˵仰ԺһйƤ˫Ҳǵͨͨ졣
СǷӦճŵȥյأǧüЦЩ٬
ƿɫҰס
衭ǧȻˣƼҵճŮֱϷ¶ƿʢŭɫ
СǲسŵˣǧۣһĨ
ƿüһĨ֣߰˭˵ҲسŵˣƼҵճŮЩŵ飬ǧ˵ɣҪʲôñҾÿԾͻġ
ǧĿ⣬ҲȱֻСسŵѡ
ƿǧʲô˼
ûʲô˼ǧڳһ޹СϽɣɱ˷Ѵҵʱˡ
ѧ²ؿƿ棬ƼС·ǳһܴ̼
ѧ̿ˮֱð⡣
ƿ汻ǵŪûܣҧһǿʲôǸ߹ƼҵճŮҿģ
ѧһ㶣ǲˣȴἫƿ棬ݣֻͿʼˡ
С㣬Ըķ䣬Ǵ̸ֻˣƤ𣿡ǧָ⣬ĵһ䡣
ƿۿ죬˫ղҰֽ㡭ţӲҪңʱƼҵĵҩǲģ͵ųʱûеҩ԰ɡ
ǧΪ˵ʲôвĻ뾹ûõв
ҩȱ
ռ涼һ𣬻ҪƼҵĵҩ
ҩĵط̫࣬ƼҵĵҩҿɲϡǧƣسŵȻ
ƿǰһǧ㻹ţŲҶ㲻
βŵ˲Ʈ˶ϡ
һϮ£
εĳ֣ѧǶ
һ˲˲ŷΣֻȻͨƱˣֵܵĮƾ˺ա
ƿʶΣϵסһͨգھһĨʧ֮ɫ֡
˵˺ܹʥ׾Գɱϧ˳̫ͨǳٺÿһЩͺˡԨ뵼ʦǧһֱڼңҪΪƿ̧ߵԣᳶͿʼС档



664 

ǧͷһۣȴԷεͻȻЩ档
Ҳߵߣᳶ°ڣʦ㲻ҪϹ˵ضԼҪƤ
ɫĮ۾һɨ㣬ζ
ƿ汻һһʱϮһӣûҪΰ
ղô˵ġۣЩ
ƿֱסˣպյģһ뵽Լݣĵ̾ˣԨ뵼ʦǧһֱڼңҪΪ
üһϲŭ
ƿ滹ΪΪԼһ˫һĨЦ⣬Ԩ뵼ʦǧʵ̫ˣҪѹ·ѧԺյ裬˾ٸҡ
ʹʢ⣬𣿡
Ȼƿæͷ
ǧʼ磬վһЦЦؿ
üͷ䵭˵ڴģȴǰˣܵ˾Ӧسŵߵڰס
ƿɫס
ˣλԨ뵼ʦǺǧһ·ġ
ĵΪ˰ǧɺ
ǴˣӦ֪سŵʲôҪüһ³Ļȴˮ޷档
ҡƿЩ㱣ʶŵϵϣ뽫ϵ⿪ȴһϡ
棬ʲô
С˵Ĳ±ּܶԼŮнµļһ˫۾ɵɵϴ
ƿȻһ۾ͿԵףӣίؿ޳ףǶڱңǧҡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥվһǧû˫۾ˮ鶯ǳ
Ҽҿ棿һǧҲ˺⡣
СǴæ棬˵۸ҿ棬ȻǸӣһ۾ᡣ
еĶӳǧС
ǧһڳζĸŮеĶһͺ޲ðѵ
Ҳһ㣬ֱһ־ͽǧ
ⷬӵľٶУѧǿһˣԨ뵼ʦǿʺãؼǻͽܣֱĿѵĵʦѡ
ƿǧôãɫʱڡ
ǧվڷϵЦȴŵ˺޲ó鼸£ƼʵľͲˣʲôС㣬СҪˣǷڱԣСԺȻسŵΧЩѧ֤ġ
𣿡һɨ
ѧǲպգڽղŵ˵һ
ԽԽڣҿ澹Ȼһûѵˣ
㵱ˣš
ƿ汾ϣɰѹֻܵͷϣˣҽ״̬ãƽҿ϶ġ
Ҳ䣬ĻҲˡ
ɫͣƿֵףҲˣƤͬǧ˵ˣҪʲôҶԸ·ʲôʵ̫ˣǲƫҪơ
г⣬´ǧۣƾҲҼҼҿ棬Ϊʲô
ǧգգ۾ûüһĨ
̧һ¾ͷַӳ˲ΧĿ˼֡
ǧʶӣûأôоαԸķ䡣βɫüɤĮĪҪ˿Ц
ĸŮɫࡣ
ǧ˫ֻأзγˣƼʲôȱ˿̾뿴С裬С㲻ֵĻҲһѡ
䣬ֻһϮಡڶ
ƿֻһϵǼɫɴȹķѣֱһأϽֻʣһɫСǶˡ
ѩ׵С۰¶ڿУǰһƬҲС
ѧһ˲˲ǰƿ泤ͨϵȴǺ㣬ܽǶ£ͺˡ
Ǳ𿴣𿴡ƿһʱæңסӣͦСģڲס
һʱŤӣһ
ǧ洽͵͵Ц
ûƿһֱۣסǧ۾תߣ𿴣࡭
εɤܿڷУٿʱյû˵Ӱ
ƿεŻ񣬸ղǸ˵ʲô
˵ࣿ
ƿҧгݣҲˣϵĶǶ漴ҡҡ׹мֵơ
ѧ˫Ź⣬ϰ



665 ߵ

龰Щҿ澹Ȼ˿ˣһôˣæƿϡ
ƿˮ㣬ϵ£һֱ˿ˣŸղ뿪ķڳԹ
ǧ㺦ˣԺҪҩ͵ÿƼҵˡ
ƿΪǧֻһҩķ
Ͳ֪ǧϴ赤Ƴı̬
˿ֱ̣̬ӻ͵סڡ
ǧÿʯϣлһӣҪԺȥӣҲ˵ƿ棬ܿԱı飬Ҳͦ˼ġ
׵ƣӨ󷢹⣬滹һ֣˵öƺͲúսйأֱǳս˳
ϵǡʮͦǰģҲ֪ս˭
뵽ղƿϵŭɫüͷƿҪ֣Ҳͬͬ⡣
㣬ֳܵͷҲǻáĮ
ã
ǧ˫⣬ͻȻ÷Щġ
ǹĴʦ뷨ʵ˼Ľ
ΣҾԽԽζˡǧǳЦ˵
ζĿ⣬ͷǧ˿Ʈ裬һ˲ϵָ֮ı䣬Ϊ㡣
ǧһ죬ԽԽ˵黰ˡȥҩ䡣ǧվĶӵļӸС
վ΢ӧ˫
ҩſڣǧžеɬ࣬һŤͷƽ¥ݣ򴽣һ㶡
ǵãƽ¥ΪڰͱˣͻȻʼݵŹֵĽҲ֪˭ôĵӡ
ģƽ¥ô£ǧ߽ҩӣֱӳڴ̵ġ
̧ͷģǧģƽ¥ѾˣɾڸղƼ֮ͻȻƽ¥£һ±˹ʼݡ
ƼҵµģǧۣһŤͷ㿴ƽ¥Ѿժ£漴ȥȴһƣԤʾƼݵơ
ŶƣǧЦ
治ףƼҵĵҩô࣬αҪƽ¥£
ѲɣΪոյ¶
ղŰƿŪˣŮ˷Ż˵һŵҩƼҽҩ£򲻵һŵҩ⣬ܽԼĵҩ
ʱڵĵҩȫǵģҪμӼ۾ͼӼۣûеطҩֻӲͷƤ¹׵ĵҩʵ̫޳ˣ
ǧΪƼҵеܣͻȻ뵽ԼĵҩӻúõģһƼҲҲչɣ
ǧ뷨ŸһأſھʹһŲһ
䵤ҩӵĶ˭ЩƼҪ̸⡣
ǰЩܸƼ̸ǵĸ
Ľǧ̲סšüͷʲôʲôƼҵû泤Ҵҩӵ⡣
ǧңڸô죿Ľɫ˲ˡ
Ƽֻ߲ư޷ǧڰ֣ϸϸζſȥ֮Ҳ˰һССƼҶѣûʲôµġ
ССƼң
ıĿˡ
ƼҩңȫǵĵҩӶƼҵģҪƼҶǺѣĿȴƮƮģһֻţЩçײȴ˲òŷ
Ϊҹޣ
ǳȥƼ֮Ҫʲôǧ֣ҡڵ˳ȥ
ĬĬȴһҲ¡
ʱЩ͵ȵĲͷˣּߵüΪɢƵģûƼ˷
һСŭĿӣһֻֻƵ
ǺôĵӣƼ֮ˣ㵡
ʶǺþƺòʶģͱǲˡ
ǣһҲǰӡ
ǧʵĽȻʲô˾ʲôĹ룬ūŵȻҲһ
ǧʵܲסɫִϵСʯ飬Ǽȥ
ಡһԭڽСǣһֵˤڵء˫ϥأƨ𣬾ӭʲô͡
ǧˣЦüΪ̣Ƽˣôҹߵˣҿɳܲ𰡡
СһңҪߵݣڸղŷи̶Ϯܲסʹŵڵصġ
ϧ⻰ǧߣʲôζˡ
ǧ߹ڵϵļˣЦǽΪ˹ߵݰɣ


666 Ҫ

С˵ɫЩѿ
Ϊ˹ߵݣ
Ů˵뷨Ű
һԶӵǧҲ˶⣬Ů˿ɱϹ˵Ƽ֮ˣӵĶһ飬Ů˾ͱˡ
ǧ󣬲۾
ȴһŵؿǧЩ˹Ȼģᡣ
ǧ԰꣬תͷǰļСˣҾӵĶң˵ɣǾҪΣ
С󣬲һ㶣ȻӵĶңҲ̫˰ɣ
СЩţɿĶΪһ´꣬Ҳ˼֣ǶңǾ̸̸˰ɡ
СǱΪǧǽȥȴֱվûһҪǽȥ˼Ҵ֮ȫǶЦ⣬ȻЩ
ǧ۾ЦݸӶӣҺʱ˵ҪˣƼ֮˾ôϲ飬˵Ի
Сû뵽ǧ˵һסɫҲüΪѿ
ǧǱѿ˵ҲģҰѻˣҵģǲġ
Сû뵽ǿӲһʱ侹֪˵Щʲô
ֻҪһݣЩʲô˻ǰͰ
Ů˺ƽЩ˲ͬǸͲ֪Ӧԡ
С򴽽ǣںȵ㾹ȻҸô˵Ǽ֪ȻŹġ
ʶĿЩǣǲʶ࣬ǼǲŹġ
ǣʶľͲҪƼҡ
ǧЩЦ浱Ƽܵˣ
ǧĵ̣ʲôʲôαؿƼҵɫ
ǸƼˣҵ뷨ǲı䡣ǧ䣬һһǿӲҪҵĵҩӣΡ
㡭Сָıӣ˵
ǧһĨ̵ĻȣֱӽС˵ָסָָ˿ɲһϰߣǲĻҿ԰ǽָͷ
ĻƮƮģȴСǶ²ͣ
̫ˡҪ
ŹǰɣҲָˡ
ҲԡǧĿתɫ˼֣ǱǰʧȻ
С֮⣬һæͷŮħͷ
ŮĵСϵȴ˺ë˸С
ǲˣҲˣŹǰɡ
ǰɣǱ֤Ͼߡ
ǧһ֣ЩС˾͵ڵϣ˫֣ȫ֮ɫЩǵҲЩŪԼ֡
Сڵغգûڵһʱ̾뿪
ǧ˫һᣬŭĿӣѲɻԷɣ
СһԶӵǿһƨؾ˻ȥ
Щһ뿪ҩſ˲ð࣬ǧתصУһ˫ʢ˺⡣
ĿıӰȫǶĳݡ
ǵĶҵ
ǧеһĹӣĿȥģԺƼ֮˸ſ£ͷѹֱӽǸ߾ͳɣǵ鷳
˵ţͽռСϺٻֻϺҵԼޣҽ˭ƣЩߡ
˵СϺҲˣټϿռ㣬СϺëݣֻƵġ
ĶǰСϺ꣬ȫ𺳡
ƯС꣬ëôǷƷ
ǶҲ̫˰ɣȻԼôһֻħޣ
ֻСϺ꣬ͷҲ˵ǧңƼ֮˸ţҶʹǸߵġ
áǧ䴽֪ƼҲưոݣôһãͲƼһӲ
ϾСϺǺģ
ԼģҾ뿪ˡǧģ̧뿪
һߵſڣǧЩģСϺȻһⷢôã
ǧʶϵСǾޱСǾޱʹɺãʲô֮˳֣ͽǳԹ⣡
СǾޱҶƬѸǰ˸һɲǣǾޱӸ֣ⷬڶǼΪġ
СǾޱܴǿ׳ƽǾޱȫͬȫͬһ˭ǸǰᱻСǾޱѡ
һҩӾ͸ȫˡ


667 

ǧ֣תߡ
ǰŸߣƼ֮˾ˡ
˴ĺܶ࣬ȫǵȼĸߵĴ֣߾ħʦҲкüӿҪʹǿӲֶνӶ¡
վһȺǰģȻƿ桭һСӶѣȻţƿ䲻ֹһ䡣
ΪӽѴ֮ȴӵĶҾ˾ǿţƺвƼ֮ˣ浱Ƽȫֽϻ
ƿԽԽղѧԺбǧ۸ӣֱһССĵ̶۸ڲܶԵݣ
ǣӵĶҿˡһСƿ˵С㣬ҪúýѵⶫңȻԺƼҵ鰡
ƿԽԽҲ˺ö뷨
ȷʵúúýѵһƿ涢ǰӣеɫ˲йȹֱӴС
ڣСϺ˯һĶ䶶˶ৡһ۾ͳƿ濴ȥ
ӴȴǼдһĨͷŭɫ
ƿСϺĿ⣬ٿһޡ
ۣƯС꣬һͦϡеСϺǸӵģȼ϶Ҳܸߡ
СϺΪγССУ
ѲɣֻСϺ껹Ƕҵģ
ƿһ뵽ܣ˲ѪһƼҵС㶼ûôõԼħޣһССĶƾʲôӵָߵԼħޣ
ƿԽԽŵϵСϺ꣬޲ýΪС
ƼСڣν£ƿӴ߳
ƿǰģ漴ֺʵĶأЩƼҵճŮñˣ
۾߰ͷӲϲ
ԲС㣬ǶڲڣҪĻɡ˵
ƿȴĲģصع֪Ҳڣⲻһ
ɣҪ£Щȥ֪ͨǶҹƿһ٣ֵȻҪǿӲֶνչˡ
ɫһ䣬ԲС㣬˵ǲģСͷ
ƿõԲ˫ĿҲң
ü۵ʹ˿ı飬ԲֻҼҶҵķԸС㲻ʲô治ġ
㡭ƿָԲ˶ߣ
ˣƿ泯ȵǽİֻСϺҲһȥɰϺƾɵط
ǣС㡣
СǸһ׷׿ʼж
ƿվڲԶצСǣһ˫۾˲Цˡ
Һǳŭζ
ƿ汾ΪԸһһף˭ֻ֪СϺ꾹ȻôţƣɢĵܹԣһԾͲöȫ׸⡣
СϺдȺ֮УһĨɫԶ˯һģϲ˴Ρ
СϺԽԽģһһʽҲú
Сȫܲסֱڵغա
ƿƲʶӵɴ
죬ֻСϺҲ̫˰ɣת˲֮ͽЩȼĴȫ̵ڵأټеģȫһԴֵߡ
ƿſˮڵľ޺̰ôزס
ֻСϺǸжáСϺƸ̰ܵӹµһתһĨ۵׸֡
޴ྐྵҴע⣬ġ
С꣬Ưƿȫ֪ԼһֻˣͳһöҩսСϺߣջС꣬ƼҵĵճŮҩ츳ÿ컹ƲٵҩܸңҶĵҩ㿴Σ
ƼҳƷĵҩǼõģͲֻ겻Ϲ
ϧĵ͹ֻСϺ꣬ÿնԼƷҩһĿռСչòҪ̫
ôʻģǧ
ôһţˣᱻһСջ
ҪЦˣ
ƿеĵҩеԽԽŨ
ͽ׵ҩƷʮ࡭򷢽лӵİɣ
СϺꡰءһֱƿϻ˼צӡԼĲ
ۣƿ۵վСצӹС㡣
䣬ƿһŹȥһɢ׵֮һ㶻治ҷˡ
ֻСϺʵ̫ǿóȻ֣ԿĻǼƿҧһʱ˼־֮ɫ



668 СǾޱ

С㣬ڸΣֻСϺʵ̫ˡСǱشӵǱգһϾͶһ˵ĺۼ
ƿֲ֪ôҧҧֱӵȳɡ
С仰ͦ˵ģȴֲұֳ
ƿɫֵ࣬СϺһֻۣת뿪
ȥԺƿħһڵֻСϺ꣬ףȻٸҶЩ˰ɣҪȥ͵ϮǼ䵤ҩӡ
ʲôһ㶣Щ
ʵֲ뷨󲻹һƾɵĵҩӶѣʦڵģ
棬ҪʲôüЩͬһƾɵĵҩӶѣõʦڵģ
˵ƾɵģֻСϺ굱治ƿ򴽽ǣе̰ĵͨѿףǼһֻСϺ꣬Ҹոմȥȫˡ
棿һԼħޡ
ȻġƿƣеһĨڱصãףҰֻСϺ꣬׼ȥ͵ϮֻСϺ͵ϮǹԹ󣿡
ıЩɶƼҵ񣬵ҿвûһֻԼħޣѵϲһֻħޣֻȥˡ
ͶЩȥۣôСϺֻ꣬Ҽҿ档
ƿУһ̾á
ֱЦԡ
ҹĻ٣ҩſھһСӰ
Ƿƿ֮ǰСϺģ˳ҩӵķùŵΧ뷭ǽȥһɳɳ
Ƿ紵ҶЩ졣
ʱһӰͶǽϣһ仨ɣſŻģһһճĻ۵䣬Ҫˡ
ǻηǽȫû뵽Σڱƽ


ͬʱ˷һĻһĻǰ
찡
ǾޱȻڳˣ
ſŻģһУƾȴʼѲ
̫ˣǾޱҲ̫ˣԱѰǾޱٴ֪ٱǳɾ˰ɣ
죬ÿ£ǳ˵Ǿޱ١
ǻǿЩܰɣǾޱ̫Ӵˡ
ʣûԵ˲պգֹ׼ܣСǾޱŲᣬء
СǾޱҶƬһɲǼ絶ҶƬ¹ɢź⣬ҪܵļֱӶҶƬϣ˼¾ȫˡ
СǾޱſģһ븹С
~~~
ԵúñÿӴԶѧԺǧںСֻһƿ澹ȻСϺ꣬˰͵Ϯ򴽣˲кһĨ⡣
ƿ滹ǺôӣƲɣȻ͵ϮСǾޱţȻСϺҪ͵ȥˡ
ôˣ²ˣμ仯̲סһ䡣
ģ̌Ŀڷ˳۽ëϣҲûʲôͻȻƿҵĶҺܲˬˡ
üĲһ壬ΪǲҶ
ǣԼݾ޼ɵģΪǺ۸ǧָ⣬ɣܾôˡ
νĿ䵽ϣΣ
ƼҪڳнǵĵҩҾǽɡǧüһ⣬ƼҩңҩǸǵĸǱܣ
ƣʲôɣҾ󡣡
ǧͷ˲˼֡
Դ˵ԺԽԽϲˣû±ôü£оͷůůģȻЩɬ
ǧ߳һֵƼҩҩҲ࣬ϴ赤ҩһʱⶾҩҲǵ׷ҩȵҩЩҩ䷽ҲֻƼӵС
δ
ǧϻȦȦֵܽƼҩ䷽õȥʱԵҩʦҲ֪Ƽ䷽ܣһǵҩܳΪר𣿡
ܡ̧Ūҩ䷽
ǧ򴽣˫ؿŷΣΰ~
ЩĿ񣬡ţ
㲻ҩ𣿡ǧᳶ°ڣЩζӦҲһžųҩĳɷְɣ
ԣۣһһϵıá
ԣ뽫Ƽҵҩһһ£ʱ㸺𽫳ɷųòãǧٴᳶ°ڣģһֻСè
ģκãСӣɣ˵ʲôʲô



669 ҩҩ

ǧһϵЦôҲβסУվȥ򡣡
οİСֻ֣ĵһƬ
ڶգǧһ˷ܵŷγţڳ֮ǰװһϾҪ£϶̫ߵˡ
ƼҵҩӣƼҩֺ֣ܶǽⶾҩ֣߰ÿһֶԲͬĶغ֢״
һЩǿյҩҲŮŮ׷
ǧһһ£ڼ仨˺üǧңɰˣ᲻úײǣڵĻԺ룬ɲ̫Сˡ
ʱƼӻǸԣÿƿϴ赤ҩ
ÿһƿ۸ҲԽԽߡ
ǧۿţһƿҪһڶң۰գƿϴ赤ҩԩͷȥ
ԩͷӵܣŻ½ȴǶеϴ赤ҩ⡣
λôͲأ
ǰȻҲôȥһƿûʲôõϴ赤ҩ
Ҫһϴ赤
ǵֹǧ˫˲һ뵽ôŪϴ赤ҩˡ
ԩͷϴ赤ҩ̾תߡ
ǧ뿪æŷΣһԩͷԩͷСУſ첽ȥ
ԩͷͻȻ֣һǡҪʲô
ü۵ģ϶߲ƣÿ°ֵܱ¡ǧļЦøһҸոտƼһƿϴ赤ҩǲǣ
ôԩͷ˽еҩƿӣһ˫ɵϴȻ̫ϲƿҩҲģʵڰ첻
Ҳôֻǿҩˡǧ˵ֱס
ԩͷæҡͷҲûãǲģƿҩһѴǮģܹã
ǧӲҪ񵰣⵹ùƵϴ赤޲ڣ˵Ǹʶġ
úúã㲻áǧüһ䣬ЦøˣҪװɣ
ԩͷɥ㱻Żˣʲôף
ʱվС磬˭ᾭ
ǧǰԩͷֿٴӿռȡһöϴ赤ҩһöϴ赤ҩΣ
ʲô
ϴ赤ҩϴ赤ҩ
ǲɵ
˵ϴ赤ҩǼٻ
ǣöϴ赤ζŨȻǵͽ׵ģƷʾȻھʮϣںϴ赤һ
콵ˣں򲻵ϴ赤ϴ赤Զĺ£
㵱ҪѵҩңԩͷСš
Ȼǧͷ
ԩͷſˮҸ㻻㻻
ɹԺǧŷˡ
ԩͷϴ赤ҩڻЩһĸоȻõϴ赤ҩˣһҩġ
ղǸʵ̫ˣ
ԩͷŵҩֵֵܻ˼ҡ
˿̣ǧҲصסУǧСһӣΣſЩҩ涼Щʲôɷ֡
ε
ǧȡֽʺߡ
ѾһƿⶾҩϸϸţԼҲҩҩǾƷƼҵЩҩðײһֻҪһţųӵĳɷ֡
ҩƿӷڣֽдеĳɷ֡
εַÿͬһ㣬Ȼ˲ɢֻǼ־˳С
ǧԴһʱ侹мֿ
ֳëʣ˱ֱϵˡ
ǧһֽϵֱ֣˳ĽëסˣÿĽëǳǳţرһѡ
ǧţȥϸĽëָţգʱż˵⣬ָֺ
Ȼٽ˻ȥ
ʱѾ̧ǳǳһۣΪҪȥ
ǧüȻҪȥˡȻЩû˵ͷƳ𴦣ں˼䣬ûʲôֻǿëиСӣְˡ
ԭˡӦһɶµβȴ˵⡣
ǧ֪ΪξЩա
һʱ侹ų⣬Σɷдˣ
ַǰϴ赤ҩǳЦֻʣһƿҩˡ
ǧֻֽ֣÷رŲʱѾôɷָųˣǱƼ֪ԼƳҩҩһžųˣָᱻ
㻹ǧ˷ϵֽЦƼ֪ˣ϶ᱻ



670 ȥ䷽

Цëʷ£Ҳ깤ˡ
ǧϸϸƷֽϵҩɷ֣ͻȻַǻĳÿһҩдһֽѳɷ˳ַҲдüΪϸ
ʮֻֽҪóһűǵĺ
̫ĳˡǧֹţȴֿ˻Ȼַд˳һôϸƼ֪Ź㡣
ζ˫ǡǳ㲻ϲ
ϲϲˡǧֵ˵ЦҾϲֻ͸ģʥ
֣СְУҲϲ㡣
ϵ¶ȣǧûʲôĻԺ˶±ˣ˵ʲô˵ϲԼ
ദˣδ˵ʲôϲô˵ǧԴըһ㣬֮˵ϲøС
˵ʲô˵һ顣ǧڳһֻ֣
ϲ㣿գգ۾Ľë˫纣˫˿̿ȥһСȡ
ǧڴ˿̵ϲ΢΢ս󵨵ϡ˼ڡ
ԶԶԣ䣬˵顣ǧü䣬һҪǹĺӡ
˵˼䣬ֱŪǧĻŭţֲ嶫ˡ
κģֻͷůСӣϲÿն˵ɺã
ǧЩκģʶͷһŻ
νϵֽǾȥ᳡ʮ䷽Ӧٽҡ
ǧЦЩ϶ܣֻҪһţ׬ҩǮ
ͷֶƽ̹СС˶һ¶ûԴ˿̿ƲЩʲô
ڿʲôģ̌һɡ
ûʲôջĿ⣬ɫ̹Ȼ˯ɡ
ڶգתһ̳ȥ᳡ǰҲһΣʱһ߱춹Ӻһ˫ѥӣͦõġ
˲Ÿ̤棬һµӭλˣ
ǧǰĹ£֪᳡ղⶫ
СشǼֻۣȻͨɢȴ˲Ҵ⣬ǵĻóЩöɣ
λʲôܸܲҿºСĵһ䡣
ǧͷֽڿռһֽȡҪ
½ӹһֽ΢ЩԺһֽѣʲôð
ƲʲôȻæǿСʵλˣ۵ֽʲô֮ͬҿûпʲôŵ
ǧֽչ˲ӳУֽŵͷɴˣдĶҩĳɷֺЩҩȫˣʲôⶾҩǿҩҩӦоС
ԣ˲ð⣬Ҫ֪ҩȻûеҩãҩȴûнⶾĹЧҲûǿݵĹЧҩƼƳģǲ䷽Ҳû˻
ͻȻôҩ䷽Ǹıˡ
кβ𣿡ǧ¡
ҡͷûκβףЩ䷽ǼõģҾΪѹᣬʱʮǾġ
ǧһҲΪģΪѹλҲɫģõģǾѹ¾ܷȥͳɡ
½ӣ˵ĿҲ˵λѾΪ׼˰䣬ҰҰرãʱпеıҲԷ¡
˵䣬½˴һſڡ
Žʱһ̴ζڱǼ⣬ǧŰڵĲãûͦµġ
λʲô¶Խҡһ˴Ӧ̧뿪
յ᳡ҲΪ֣˵᳡˲ٺöҹȫˣƽͷҲ١
ʱһӰ⴫ǧһǷס
ƿ棬ɸ߰ǳ֮Χŵ˷׷׸ÿһ˾ŮһͷǸ߰ŵġ
¸׼İ䣬ǰǧǸڡ
ǧǰһǽЦǳǳΣ֪Ƕ˭𣿡
ЦκܿͲ³ˣƼ֮ˣ
ǧüһЦøƿ棬֪ѹʲôᵱѪ



671 ䷽

Ц
ܿͿʼˣȿʼóǼһЩҩ֮ĶЩǧУЩȱȱ
ȴͦ˵ģһ򣬽˷
󣬺ѹƷˡ
վԲ̨֮ϣһ˫۾ֿ˻ᣬĶ⼸ΪѹǶȻϲģҩʦ
һ᳡еĲҩʦȻ
ΪѹĻʲôأ
Ѳʲôҩݣ¯Ҳǵҩ䷽
ҩʦڴ׷ףҲʢ˾⣬ΪһҩʦϵĽҿ϶Ѱ˼Ҷ࣬ǽǴ˽ңѹĶڱصá
˸ⷳʱ򣬹ڽһСƿȡ˳СƿлһֽֽҲ֪дʲôҩʦȴܾһǺö
ʲô䷽ɣ
ҩʦĦȭƣ˼Ѫ֮ɫ
ָСƿеֽţЦŴҶˣСƿװŵһⶾҩ䷽ϸҩݳɷֺ̡
һ˻Ȼ
죬СƿװŵľȻǽⶾҩ䷽
ҩҩ䷽
ҩ䷽ǸȥƼˣֻҪҩʦоʱ򲻹Ǵ廹ƽգʱشϽⶾҩˡ
ֶ˵ֱǸ
˽ⶾҩ䷽һ˵֣֮
ǱڳڽһƼҵĵҩ£Ȼһʲôҩ䷽ⲻרŴƼҵ
ף᳡ôҩ䷽ƿϵǸСƿӣֽͷ̵۾ۣǱ£ҽҩĻպҩ˭򰡡
ҲЩǣһЩ̰Ŀ⣬;öķǳʲôֻҪǽ䷽һһ£˲ɣ
ҲǡƿʶͷҾõֽⶾҩΣòϴ赤ҩҲǰ״
ļ򣬡뿪ͺá
ܿⶾҩʼˣʮҵ׼ۡ
ҩʦǾ˼Ѫһ׷׿ʼ
ʮҡ
ʮ򡣡
ʮҡ
һ򡭡
һ£ڿ˿ڣҡ
ǶʶģһƼҼҲڽҩʦǲһ£һ뵽ƼҲŵҩƷ΢һ㣬һЩҩŻš
ҲҩˣƼ֮˻
ŪŴǣʼ
ʮ򡣡
ҡ
İ򡭡
ҧгݣЩ˾ȻûǷƽʱ۰Ͱˣҩ䷽ͻȻ֣һҲNɪˡ
ңƿĸۣʵڳסֱӴһ
һƿԣҵļ۸ʵЩټӼ۵治ֵãҰչµ˼Ϻв䷽ǾͲƼܽ䷽
գⶾҩ䷽¡
Ա䷽ʱе䷽Ѫ
ôˣƿɫԣæǿһ䡣
ָָǰ䷽棬Լҩ䷽
ƿºɣҩʱɫҲˣףŲǼҽⶾҩ䷽𡭡ôͻȻ᳡У
˫ҲŰ˰ףô֪Ǽҵĸǽҩ䷽͵Ǯˡ
ƿɫҲЩףף˵䷽лж٣
һ㶣뵽·Żе˼ҩ䷽࡭ʱһһƿҩ䷽ˡ
棬Щ¾ʲôЩżҲһЩõԤУЩҩ䵽УƼ˵ֻ»ʧء
ƿŤͷһòεתͷɫ࣬ףղһƿⶾҩ䷽ԵĴˣڹóһƿ䷽
ָһƼҽⶾҩ䷽ʮ֣һóƿŽȥóöֻ࣬£Щҩ䷽Ƽҵġ
ɫ࣬ڳһĨǱ֪˭͵ҩ䷽Ὣ˰Ƥ
ף˵Щҩ䷽᲻ᶼǼҵģƿš
ȫ֪ˡܿ侲
Ҳ˲ٽңգ֮ͽٽⶾҩ䷽㶢ǰ䷽ɫѿһֻӬ
ǡЩҩ䷽ȻȫƼҵġףȻȫƼҵ䷽ƿҲЩɵˣһֱģҲв䵽˱С



672 

һιȥ氡ǸΣ
ƿһʱҲò⣬˺һſڵףȹЩҾȥλϰڰݷãΣҶҪϴ赤ҩ䷽Ҫ
ο
ͬһʱ̣ǧЦڷλУϴ赤ҩ䷽ľȻѡ
ĶȺܴ󣬷νס֫Էֹȥ
ǧЦţЦᶼˣƼĸŮ˿ʲô飬ȻһҪɱˣȴ޿κεģ
˭˼ǹأǾٸ߰Ҳҵ
ǧᳶε°ڣڷȹȥ
˫һݣֱֿסСƨɡ
ǧûеȥǺˣзһξƨɣ̫ɫˡ֡ǧϵĲЦҲȥЩ
ξϲֹ󵨣ȴֺߵСģֻСèƵģ˼ˣǳǳڳһֻͷ࣬ΪʲôҪ֣һ֣Ҫȥˡ
ǧԶԡ
ⲻռ˱˵Ľڣ
֣ҲȥġǧСŲŲ䵽ȵĴϣ¶رˣһʱŵǧҶ
ʱ򣬷ε΢΢һ;ͣ£ɢӿǳһҲ֪˶òŽָоѹ¡
֡νǧһԵСϡ
ǧɳƣһһֱĶ̡
΢΢һ㶣˼ֲ֣ǲµСŮȻ֪ɤеɳƺ̴ʲô
ǧͷƿʲô˵ˡ
εĴǳǳһͷĳÿҪ
ʱŽ䷽õĽ˹һ׬õĽܶѳɼɽԹƴжʮҡ
ǧŽҵʱ˲Ц˻
ôңƻʹﶼûô࡭ǧŽҲ֣ǸСģ÷ر𿪻
ֱһŽռС
˿̣ѾͷΧҲ׼ȥˣһʱƮɢΧҲ
˳ȥʱ˽ŲĵƼĸŮ
ǵɫףһƵģģˡ
ǧ¾Ȥ̲ס˼ۡ
ǵĿ⣬ƿһݣ˲ȥϵ㲣̰ڳһ߰˵ףʲô˹֣
䣬ͷתߣֱֱͦһֻ߰Ĳ˹è
ǧıӰٴЦ˼ϴ赤ҩ䷽ˣǾйڳһ߰ģ
Դǣǻȥ
ǧͷЦݲޱȣð
˻صסԺǧѸֽ׬õĽȡѵڵϡ
ӲӵĽɢâܴ۾
ǧִһеЩرɰվһ࣬˲俴ˡ
ǧŽңξţ֮ĸǢ
һߡ
Ƽȴۡܲġ
ĸŮصƼԺ󣬾ֶνڵȫۼ˴⣬뽫ҩ䷽ڹ
СˣѾȫˣƿ濴վŵˣü֮仮һ֮ɫЩ˶ɷ
СѾǲ֪ʱ漴ãȻصͷС㣬˶ˡ
Ǻáƿ˵ЩʲôȴһѾߴϡ
С㣬ū澷ջѾͷܿûҲ֪Ѿͷôˣӵ˼˵һݸѾߣ൱۾
ƿ濴һۣ˲µĸо̫ˣƵģȷǸܿû
ݸѾ̵ͷūȷ
ƿһۣ˽ԴӶԷпɱ
Ըȥǣ߶ҪܿҴ
С˺ѾǱһǲ֪ܿʲôһ뵽ǳ˵ԵҵûǾͽ͵͵ܵܿ˻
Сūѽܿ˹ݸѾһѽܿƵڵء
ܿϱһСôʹһƣĹ鱦ɢһأ鱦֮лżŻֽһֽɢĺɫ˲ӳĸŮС
㿴ŵϵĻֽú޲ýܿж˿顣
ô
ֽȻƼҵĽⶾҩ䷽ȻֻţǽЩóȥȻǵø·
ܿôĵӣ͵鱦͵Ƽҵҩ䷽ȣ첽ǰܿһӡ
ܿﱻðǣ漴һѪ
⻹㣬ƿֱǰܿСϣѩϼ˪ܿ˶ˣ۵ú޲þʹȥ


673 ʵ

ƿ涢ŻƯŭӣȻ͵ƼҵĶƼҴ㲻𣿡
ܿСʹѳݣСū澰ɣūֻһʱϣ˵H֮¡
ƿ治һףֱקͷݺʵӣ˵㵽͵ƼҶٶǴʲôʱʼ͵ģ
ܿﱻקˣŵޣС㣬ū澾͵һΣδɹͱǷˡƿţµ˼֣ӣ˵ʵǰɣ
ҲԽܿԽ˳ۣ֣ˣܿΣҵҪ˵ôſ˵ʵ
һ䣬վһԵСֱӽܿ𣬴˺ԺĵС
治ţһʵֵܿﾹȻ͵飬񱻴סֻ׶༪١
֪ܿԼæǴ󺰴С㣬ūֻһʱ̰ģǾĹūһΰɡ
ĸŮУܿڲϴ󺰴У룬ͷ겻üͷżߵܿǰ
ܿˣٴδ飬ǷŹū澰ɣūԸһһźʹС㣬һ档
һ棿ƿЦһƼҶ㺦ģˣ㻹һ棿
ܿһãȻȻ֪˵ЩʲôС㣬ūֻ͵һЩѣûжƼʲô˺ɣ
ƿеЦ䣬סܿ°ͣҪжһӣٸװɵЩΪҲ֪
ܿ͵ҡͷȫǾ˵ʲô
ƿѾܲˣֱתͷֿȥǸҺݺݵĴּǲײĲˡ
ߣӣֱǼ˹ȥ
žžž
žžž
ڵһܸожۡ
ܿȫˣѪĭڴǱߣȳȳģġ
ĸŮʶ˼صĺδȥ
ƿܿңвˬ졣
סڱǣһʵܿ㣬Щҩ䷽ϴ赤ҩ䷽ǲõ᳡ȥģ
᳡
ܿﱾЩ±ƣ˵˼֣ūֻ˼Žⶾҩ䷽ѣδȥѾץסˡ
ĸŮĽͣʹ˸ɫ̴øˡ
ܿﱻֱУвϽţūĲ֪ʲôϴ赤ҩ䷽Ҳ֪ʲô᳡ū澲֪Ĳ֪
򣬸ҺݺݵĴ򣬴˵Ϊֹŭȡ
ƿҲһһĥɾӣȰð˵ȻԿĻԼ
ûУūûСܿﲻסҡͷеѪӿ
һһڵ棬쳣ĺ÷
ϵĳ޸ƿ涢ϵĳޣԸһԵ֡
̽ȡϡ
ܿ޴ִ滹Ƕһ׶̣ǴϲҲɵһƤһ뵽ⳤ޿ܻкԼϣ˲
СĹū澰ɣūʲô֪ܿģһûϵ
žž
žž
žžž
ƿüһֱӼкϡ
׶̴ܿļУ׶滹һ̽ȥʱãɰγʱ򵹹Ƥϣֱܽ۵ȥ
ܿ۵ֱУһ޿ģ
ƿһĨɺ֮ɫƣһԵǲûʲô֣λСǰ߰˽ȴһСѪ
˭ǵŲҲñ
С㣬Ĺū澰ɡܿҪιȥɴʱȻޱȣ׶Ĵ̹ǵҲܵūʲô֪
㣬϶㣡ƿѾ϶ܿɵˣһССѾ߿϶ûӣȻ㱳˰ڳԲԣ
ûУū澵ıûˡܿȻҡͷȥҪˡ
˵ƿ涪±ӣһѳסܿͷƤ˭ڱָʹݺƼң˭˭
뵽Щȥ䷽ƿľͿʼۣϴ赤ҩ䷽ǿѪ
񣬾½Ĺߡ뵽˴ƿĿΪ
žž
žžž
޲ϻ£ĴܿĲҽһ봫˶ϡ
һľŪؿŲܿ
ūûУūûйʲôˡܿһһϵģһϢū澰ɡ



674 ѹ

ƿ滹ٳ飬ȴһ£ˣ˸ʲô֪Ȼ᲻ڵġ
ƿʲף׼ôżӣ
Ҹ͵ȻûнȥǸоֽŲɾ֮ˡۣһĨ֣Ǽ˫ֿ£ڰɡ
֣ܿ뷴ȴһҲûС
ܿһ뿪еѪζȴûȥһ˿һƿŵеζ꣬ףȻܿɵģǾ˭͵Ǹеҩ䷽
ҡͷһʱûʲôͷ
ڹҲʲôˡˣȷһߣҪľȥѹȡϴ赤ҩ䷽ȥеŭ⣬ܿ¡
ƿ˵üǣվ͵Űݷá
ֱʾնȥ˵Щûɱ˼ҹ˺Ƥ
ƿ򴽣ɫЩѿףзִ硣
һҹΡ
ǧȫ֪Ƽҷʲô֪ƼڵֱӽһѾ߸ˣȻѾҲֽŲɾ
һһϾվսˡ
ǲһǧȵԺſڵһľϡ
ߵߣַͷմȾĻҳȥĶ
ģ̌еɫǳǳţҪȥһϾվսˣǸþѰҶҪȥ
һ𡣡νԺŴ򿪡
ǧûоܾһϯɫҲ
˲Ÿ߳סûͼһӭǧһ۾Ȼѹ
Ӧò߹ģӹصģλ鲢Ҳ֪ʲô
ǧһ棬ܿͷѾ߽ˡ
ǧʶοȥһۣͼҲЩɵӣҲ֪ѾΪζ
ǧߵǧǰЦỽһ
ѹպ棬ǲǵʲôǧҲĿͶϣȻĵϴ赤ҩ䷽Եʣ˶ϲġ
յȷ᳡ĵһѴǹȴҲϸ˵
ǧͷҲûʲôǹϲˣܵõֵı
ٴιǳҰԺޣΪһҽڸ磬һЩʶˣǧҪȥҸɣ
ǧüصعžԼġ
ּüҲֻһͨѣǧͷܿӦһȻѹʢþܾ
Ц
ҲԼȸ½ĴʦҲûʲôǶʧ˼ǳضѣܱȶá
ͰǼ¸ˣҪƽԿĻԼʦΪʦ˵ǧĻСã
ǧοһۣʦҪȥμᣬȻȥɺã
εȴվԭûж
ǧתֱӰʧηת뿪
˵ЩѧҪסѧԺġ
Ѳ֪ʲôֶΣȻͷһլӣƽҲլסԴˣȾûʲô
ǧǰΪլӣ°͡
ҪҲȥլӣʱͬһȥͷЩʲôҲᷢ֡
뵽˴ǧһ죬뷨ôЩ͵ġôǰðլӣɻãѲͷѯʡ
ǧȻ񣬡ͦõģΪ
Ҵȥǧȥ
լͷҲСѾΧһ޼ľԶСҲǴʮ㣬ȣԺ԰
ǧŤͷһǿ˼ס
Ȼɴɴǧѩ
ǧ̲סȥд˼ɻ
ѶĿ⣬Цȸ½ʱ˵仰ҲʶˣǰҲЩ£ǽʥŮˣҲ
ԭˡǧʶǧѩȥ
ֻЩӲ֪ˣɫм㲣ȫҲһ˵Υ͸УǱʲôаסһµĽ
ǧѩиӦʱͺǧĿˡ
˶һ㶣ǧܿ񣬴ȾһЦ⡣
ǧѩһһĨ죬ȴֺܿɢȥϵĨаҲ紵ɢģǸ߹˫ʥŮȴɹŹֵĽ
ǧüܿͽĿ˻ȥ
ɴɴǧ󣬾ƨƨߵ˹ȥǧ㾹Ҳˣǿһˡ



675 ǲ뻹Ƽˣ

ǧѩһɫһ࣬˵˼ǲԼ棿
ǧֱ˿оǧѩакҲƺŨ˼֡
аȣҲǸǧѩģаͱأаͻǧѩЩʲô
ǧѩȫ֪Լʲô仯ΪԼǸ߸ϵʥŮ
ǧûɴɴ־ߵһԣɴɴѹԺӵǼģǾúùһ¡
ɴɴЦð
ѾԸ׼˺ЩС㣬ܿСͱ˷ڶͤС
Ҹλ׼ЩԵģǿȥһЩɡѳ
ǧǵͷͤȥ
ʯϵС㼫Ϊḻǧץһ𻨸ԣȴһСѾ߻ŻŶº棬ֹͣ˾ٶ
»Żŵģѿͤ£ǻŵСѾߡ
СѾ߹ڵϣЩţǱʲôסˣͷң˵ƼҵĵճŮ˸߰ĺܣͦ¡
΢΢ס
ƼҵճŮƿ棿
ƿ沢죬ƿͻȻţΪʲô
һʱ벻Ȼ̰ڰ֣ȻѾˣɣҩҵС㣬ɱˡ
СѾ߸˸æȥ뽫ƿ
ǧԺ󣬴ǲϹϴ赤ҩ䷽ߣƼ˹ĿĲԶ
ףѹƼҵС𣿡ģ̌һ䡣
ʶҡҡͷƼ֮˲죬ƿһҲѧǽ˴ǰʵ⡣
ȷ⡣ǧϵС豭е˷ǰһҪСһЩ˵Ƽ֮ƺЩ񣬹ɱ˿
һ㶣뵽ǰЩƿûµƣƶȻǧ˾׼ˣ޳š
Ѷƿӡ˲һǧɡ
ûãСѾ߾ͽƿˡ
ƿѾߣѾж̣̻ġ
ЩĪȴľʲô£СͻȻݷã֪ν£
ǧ豭ЦЦؿƿһۡ
ƿעȫϣûǧҲڴ˴ѹ˵᳡еһ
ָһĻؿƿ棬ȷ˼֪С˵Щʲô
ƿšüͷѲţѹ֪ǱƼ֮ȴǱɫļ͵ʶ᳡Уֵ˹С
ҧеľԣôС˼ǣ
빫ǱƼҡƿָѾе̣ƼҵĸֵҩҩڽңЩԺ󣬽ǱƼҡ
򴽲˫
ǧ̿ȥɿ¶ĵҩͽңǴֱʣƼ֮˻á
ǸС㡣ȨףæҡҡͷǱģҲδдƼ֮СͻȻ˵ҪҽǣҲ֪˵ʲôá
ǧѩɴɴˣž;ɻ󣬵ʲô
ǲ뻹Ƽˣƿ򴽣Щ
ѷ䣬һǣǲ뻹ⶫģС˵žһĵ
䣬Ŀֱֱƿȥ
ƿ汻Ŀһ򴽽ǣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
üֵС㣬ֻμģҾμӣִҪһǱҾ͵Сȥˡ
ƿɫ࣬ѵĿѺƼҵС㣬վҪսˣѾ׼õҩ𣿡
ѲΪʣô
ƿ湴𴽰꣬ûеĻҲȥˣΪңƼǲġ
ǣȫǵĵҩӶƼҵģ
ͷһɫҲһС㣬вң
ƿЦҡͷֻڸѣȫԼ
ѹ֪ڻһҵҩûбƼ¡ǧĵؿ˵ţǼҵҩӾԭƽ¥棬ͷĵҩ㣬ƷʶܺãƼҵҩֻò
棿Щؿȥ
ǧƤΪԼӴ棬Ȼƭ
еĴʯͷҲƼ򲻵ҩȥĵط򰡣ƷʱƼҵĻá
ƼҾٺãҲֻ֧ѡٴ¶ϣһȥҩвʲô



676 õ׵ĵҩ

ƿŴ̳׿ȥ
һǧֱӵԲˣǧôҲ
ǧ˿ڲ裬һЦؿƿ棬ѹϵ㲻μᣬкβ𣿡
һУƿ޲ȥźҺ͹˵ĵУƾʲô˵ƼҵĵҩǼСӵĵҩ
ƾǼӵĵҩĺܺáǧüƶӸᡣ
ƿҪڳֻʹˡ
ǧѩǳˣаˬԾɶƿսЩģŮ俴ǿƣǷĶ֡
֣ǼӵĵҩóҿƿȻȫƼҵҩȲ˵ġ
ǧһЦҪˣǧգ۾
ƿߣȫûȤĵ٩
ǧʼ磬ȡҩƿֱӴ򿪣һɲǣŨҩζ˲̼ͷ˵һ
㡭ⵤҩζ㡭Ȼ㻹Ҫ㡭ŵζ˾¶һı飬ƿҲˡ
ζúš˲ѹҩƿһ۵˲¶һĨ֮ɫⵤҩԲ󣬳ɫãƷҲھʮϣƼҵĵҩࡣ
ƼҵĵҩȻҲǰĵҩʵ֮
ãǼӵĵҩù󲻹󣿡ѿǧ
ǧҡҡͷ󣬿ɱƼҵĵҩ˶ˡ
ͷһôõĵҩȻƼҵıˣˣȥǼӿˣúõҩ⡣
ƿ˲ѹɲЩҩԼҵĺãȹǰҲŲЩҩƼҵĺã
ֹţȥʱֱסˣһ仰Ҳ˵
ôЩҩȫõסƼҵĵҩõ֪ٱƿǰĵҩ͸ŲţҲţЩҩ϶ʲôֽţȻƼҵĻҪá
ǧͷһۣôУõĵҩֽŵģ
Ҳţšƿ滹ֹҪˡ
ǧѩǰҩҲЩ𾪣õĵҩǰδġɴɴ򶨣Щҩǰǰ˵ʱǧιԼŹζҩЧҲ
ȴ˵һģǼӲİɣ
ҵҩǰ͸ײһʲôҩʦɣ
ɴɴգգ۾̲סҲ²
ǧ֪ЩʲôֻһЦЦؿƿ棬ƼС㣬Ϊһֱģ˼ҵĵҩãȴ˵ֽţһҲ䲻𰡡
ƿͷһ£һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôźá
ǧҩƿӹϣʱҩζҲŲŨҵζˡ
򴽣Щźȴܿɢ
ƿҩζʧ˿ԾûһҪ黹ҩ䷽˼ҧļѹղ˵ػҪʲôܸ˵ҶģֻҪ㽫Ǿͳɡ
ѲΪ
䷽ҲѺһģڣڸеĵλǰܽ䷽͵ǰµõ谮
ˣϴ赤ҩ䷽Ǵ½Ϊǿ
ͳһ㣬Բỹƿġ
µģҵˡֵۣʮӲС㲻Ҫ֪˻ΪСϲ˵Ķء
㡭ƿ뷢ɹ˼ɵѵݣֻܽŭѹĵס
ѳһۣС£ǲǸ뿪ˣСݲ
Ѿſʼˡ
ƿһɫѿҲЩż
С㡣ӲǧѩͻȻ˿ڣ֪㶪ʧʲô㲻˵ʲôأѹıġ
ۡ
ȻһԲĻôоôŤأ
ͺĵȷȷƿĶһǧѩ׻᲻˵
ƿ¶мسǧѩһۣһ˿Ϊ˵ˣҶʧĶϴ赤ҩ䷽Ƽˣֱӽ䷽᳡С
һɴɴǧѩȫһ¡
Ȼϴ赤ҩ䷽Ҫ֪ʧѾõĶȻлʲôϴ赤ҩҩҲˣⵤҩһʱҲٳ֡
ҩɾͲͬˣֻҪƼһֱڣҩҲһֱС
ڣҩ䷽䵽УʱͲֹƼˣطҲУһƼҲ¢гȻż
죬Ȼϴ赤ҩ䷽ǧѩӣɾһ



677 

ɴɴ𾪹Ҳܿ쵭ˣ䷽ѣҲҩʦ
Ѿ˵ƿٴΰڳһ߰ģѹҩʦβ罫ϴ赤ҩ䷽ңʱҪϴ赤ҩǾ͸٣ͽԴϲ𣿡
üЩȷ̫ջ
ǧƿ濴ȥЦѹȻҩʦ½ټһ½ȻӵҩʦһȺҩʦΧһγоϴ赤ҩʱԼˣõȥˣ
ЦţǴҪƿȥˡ
ƿ󣬲ιȥˡǧŲյֵ󼺣һСֵŤѹṩϴ赤ҩأ˼ԼǮ
һеǵ㶯ҡ˲ɢ
ǰԼҪж٣õȥˣ
ʱҩ˻Ǯ½ҲԽԽ㡣
ƿҪҪ䷽ûţ
С㣬ҩ䷽˾ģ˵ʲôҲı⡣̾һֱֱĿͶƿϡ
ƿ汻ĿŪЩڡ
ˣѷ䣬̬ȼͿ͡
ƿһ˲伱ˣѹҩ䷽Ƽҵģ˲Ͳ±ȫǰЦ𣿡
ѱˣС㵱˵䷽ûдƼҵ֣ȥͬȫǰ˵Ҳȡ֡
ƿɫɷס
ֵһ᳡ֵĶ涫νҲûã˭˵ϴ赤ҩ䷽ƼҲУ
㡭ǿʶƿɪɪƳͷʱǧۡ
Ӻģ
Ϳֺͣһ
վһԵѾͻȻ߳һּƿǰС㣬ūȥ
ƿԼˣ̲סһڣԼߣ
˵ţƿͽѾߵֱ۷תˡ
ƿһ뿪ͤΧҲð˲٣ѼˣɫҲ͡
˲ͷЦЩȻҲ֪ƿͻȻղǿЦˡ
ѹؽ⣬ղŵǲϵġɴɴڰ֣뵽ղƿǳģ治Щˬ
˭Ůһֱǧš
ǧ֪ЩʲôĬû˵
ǧѩƿôˣֶû˵Ƿû
򴽰꣬ЩĵʵѹղλС˵ǲģϴ赤ҩ䷽Ƽҵģ
ʶȥܾ˿ûˣҩ䷽Ҵ᳡ģûдƼҵ֣СĻҲں˵ѡ
ǧѩһû˵
ѽĿͶǧѩϣ֮ЩƣʥŮƺƼСĻ
ǧѩ΢㶣ֻǺѡ
üѰζЦЦԭǺ氡
ǧѩɫһܸоԼǱˣס´һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ѳϵ㣬漴һЩðľƲˣǸղŵĲ죬ڶһЩ࿴һЩɺã
ǧǵͷԺöԺ˻뿪
ȥԺǧѩǲͬ·ֱתˡ
ɴɴתקǧ󣬵ǧʱ磬ȥǼҵҩЩɡ
߰ɡǧͷӦ
ɴɴһ̧ţŤͷǧЦЩģǧûʲôҪͬ˵𣿡
磿ǧЦЦ
ɴɴƣ磬Ǽҵҩǲ㿪İЩҩζͦϤġ
ŶҿġǧûҴţֱӴ󷽳ϡ
˴󷽳ܣɴɴ·ܵĳ־ţ̱˶ۣõҩ͸ôײһЩҩƵİɣ
˫ϵټϻƵҩòһ߻ˣ
ǧ´ɴɴۣĿЩ죬ƺ͸壬ʲôġ
ɴɴû飬ײƺҪڵĴ
ЩֱǧźĿ˿ڣһЦ⣬ŶЩҩȷƵģҶҩͦȤģͼƾͳɹˡ
˵ôɣɴɴҪѪ
ҩȤ
΢ϰͳɹˣ
ҪǱҩʦָ
ɴɴЩ΢ǧǳЦʵôһҩôȤ
ͦȤġɴɴ㶵ͷ뵽ǻϵħʦڻҩƺҲûôˣȻǶôˣһĵҩܱܲһЩ
ȻԡǧǳǳһЦҲȥˣͷϾЩҩһЩɺã



678 սʼ

ɴɴæͷԣҲ֪յıԻʲô׼һЩҩ׼ûġ
ǧɴɴصסкŽƵĵҩȡ
ɴɴ۾ѡһЩǧҲúܱˣ͵ġ
ɴɴŵҩƿӣת뿪𣬡ǧͷš
ǧԺҲܲ죬ʱ˭أ
ǰȥڣͻȻվ
ǸԶȸ½ôͻȻܵѧԺˣ
ֹǧˣվɴɴҲͬ¶һģɿɴɴһ䶼ʡ
ǧüеɻ󽥽ôܵѧԺˣ
ʦˡ΢΢Ҿϵ׶죬ɫӲǰЩħϮУƺЩΣ΢ǰ֧Ԯ֧Ԯ;ЩԲˡ
ԭˡǧڳһȻӡ
΢ʱֳһɺгħ޹ǵӡЩɻħ޹Щôһ¾ͻָˣ
ħȷʵйǧ֮ŽᣬδħֵЩʲôôѾǸˡ
ʶͷ
ǧ
Ҳûн飬̧ž˽ȥ
һ߽ȥһԵɴɴ뵽ʪµģޱɶȴЩˡ
ɴɴӴı飬æĿͶ𴦣ƺЩˡ
šüͷԼ
£
ϵ˰̣
ǧûע⵽΢ı仯վʵȻѾ֪ûʲô£佫ʱصȸ½
ӲŻȥ΢ٶЩӣȷǵİȫ
űīǧѩ
īǻȻض˵ǧѩʥŮĿеѪѪȻ£ˡҲֻ˳ġ
ԭˡǧתתֽеЦѹ£佫ҵס𣿡
ҵˣסջУʦ£ջѰ΢
ǧͷ֪ˡ
ɴɴ͵͵һۣ֪סջУּ̽ˡ
˵˼仰վʦˣ΢ЩҪиǡ
ǧͷ
һߣɴɴҲվǧҲˣټ
˵ţ뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
ǧ뿪ıӰܾЩ֣׷ȥ˰ɡδ߳ղͷ˵ˣѧԺʲô
ǧƽǰЩӲħ޹ǱûʲôҪģ˳㱣һЩѧ
ǳǳԭˡ
ģ̌ŷ˫ǺӣЦŵΣҪҲڳլӰɣʱʲôʲôɣ
ʲôʲô
һۣ뵽ʲôһ΢Щ죬ԣסԼլУȷʵԷһЩ
ӦˣǧеЦŨ
⼸ҾȥڿûլҪġ̲סͷࡣ
ǧʶֱ˲һůָӣսҪʼ˵ȿʼʲô
οģЩ棬һһȥܰɣ
ǧеӣ֪նϵĵһ˻˭
ļ򣬰οģ
ǧ˲Ļ
ڶգս濪ʼˡ
вսѧѧԺյشӣһڽͷӶտȥͦгģһǾǶˣݺгҲᱻ顣
ǧܿ˼ۣܿͿɴɴǡ
΢˹ȥ
ɴɴһ۾ˣǧˣ˵սΪȥͦµġ
ǧеЦ⽥ȻΪô໷ڣȾֻ࣬ڸʲô鰡
ࡣǧǳһЦеӡ
ȴġɴɴидû񿴵ʲôһ̳֣ӵ£ߣЩ
ûãһϮɫ۵īͬԴһˡ
ī迴ǧ˫ֱһȦǶڰ˵սͦײеģսǼ룬ǻײС
ԴɪɪжײУ
ī轫ֵڴ䣬һЦ˵ײС
ԴС˫ȶһ£һʱ֪˵Щʲôˡ



679 ɱˮϵħ

ǧī迴ȥܸоǹԴģǻˡ
īǧĿ⣬Цͬů
ǧ΢㶣ɫĿջ
ʱ򣬸ѧˣվڿյϣнöӣҲ֪˶ãȾһڵʦĴӵ»ѲεĴһз緶ӡ
ȾѧǶˣŻڵȻˣǾȿʼжӰɣħվߣߵվұߣҪվˡ
ѧǷ׷ѰȷλվáԴīվұߣǧɴɴվߣʱٵǧѩվ߶ĩβ
Ⱦǧѩһۣʲôû˵
ǧѩȴһŵɪɪȾͻȻѣɵû˵Щʲô˿
Ⱦվö飬һǷվöͷеӣӵ˳ȥԴͳˣħʦħʦߺߴ𣿡
ܼ򵥣ѧһͶˡ
ȻǾͿʼɣֻǳѣ˾޷ǿҪúýѧıչʾȾ΢Ĵ𣬺ơ
һɲǣضɽҡ¡¡˶
ǧһ㶣ۿȥʱͷǰյش󶴣жڶǣ̨
죬̨˵ص£ѧԺˡ
̨Ȼڵص£ҵһμɴɴЩȵسǧ°ڡ
ǧҲǵһμ
˵ţͷߵ̨Ѿȥˡ
ףǧδƾо˵˵ĵȼߣⳡս۸ûʲô㡣
ǧջĿ⣬ɶɴɴӿɴɴϿʲô֣
ɴɴӷϿšʮġأ
ǧҲӷ
ɴɴһۣ˲˿ǰͷҺðǲǵжԣȻҿɾ군ˡ
ǧЦϵħѾ߽ף֮ͬҲٮٮߣⳡսǼĵģǰûпµⷢ
̨ϣѧǴòɿħʦʹħ߲øֽսһʱ䡰ƹƹҡڶ쳹ַǳ
еһһв˽ԵģҲвʧȥʸʧȥʸѧǰ̾ϢŨŨź洺磬˺޲Ӽ¡
ǧᳶӣٴνĿͶ䵽̨ʱһĨӰסˡ
̨֮ϣǸֳɫȵͦӡ
ȻǸˮϵħʦϵħĹͦǿ
һ˵ˮϵħֻΪ֧ˮϵϣǶǼõģ߼һˮϵħܱˮΣһС
ǰλ꣬ǽˮϵħŪһɱǿˮУ
ˮͬУޱȣ
ǧζؿţ˲ǰ£ɴɴ֪˭𣿻ͦ
Ǹɴɴ꣬ǽҵү
ǧ΢΢Ŀң
ںȷиңҲνĴ壬᳡Ҳĵ˼Žⶾҩ䷽ĽҾͺñ绢˵ǻ˲ҩʦЩⶾҩء
ѽǳڵǸҡɴɴ̨ϵ꣬˵Һǿ¥ģеЩ¥ڽ£̨ϵǸǽҵСүнƳţ˻㲻Щڡ
ͬһʦ£ǧбۡ
ɴɴͷȻҲ֪
ǧȻСһǵһοôɱˮϵħ
ɴɴ̧ۿȥֺͽƳԴ˾֪ʱˤ̨ϣȫˣмǿסص㲿λϵûʲô˿ڣ̫ң̫Ǳˡ
ȷʵͦɱɴɴһ¡
ڵϵ͵סص㲿λŭĿӣƳ
ƳƵɫȣϴһСС޹˼һүǺʲô
ص㲿λһણ񻹼ΪԹĻˡ
˵ţһ˸ûӰȥ·ˡ
Ƴһ񺮣һ˵ˣˡ
սݣƳֳɫȣı̨Сģ˷쳣õʲôһǧǸСģһ顣
Ƴȥʮ߰ģôֹЩͦжġǧĿջء
ƳҲûԼ˶˰ΣȥԺҲûߣվڶп֡
̨ϵıԻڼЩѧֶλݵģֱӽֺһûʮ¸


680 īҲȥ

սײ֮
ǲǺʶֻҪвͰ򣬴ۣ
ûãһʧ³ˣʤЦţǧϳʱȺ̱Ϊҵвѧգۿ
ǧϳˣ
ǸϵħǧϴӮƿ棬ѧԺг˷ͷ
ĻرײУ˭ҪǶɾͲˡ
ϴǸǧѩģɶȫѻʯ
ѧǲСǧ̲סգգ۾û뵽ѧԺˡ
ֱ˳ݵĸоֲǧѩƿ汻˳ʱڳһ߸ϵģ
˵ǧԴĸù
֪һ϶ᱻһֻë
ë
ǧԼû뵽ĿоȻײУԼͦİ
ǧĶ֡ҡʱһ̨һƽһĨʡ
ſˣ
ǧֲʲôֱһɨ˹ȥ
ǸһĿģҪˣɴ˫СƵģӣǧ̫ײˣŮɲƵġ
ףۡСȲһ޳ǧ̫ײˣҪȨ
޵һѱһģ߶´̨£˲ҶſͰ͵ġ
ǧһֻۣЩ
ôײУ
ŵ˼ҶֱȨ
ǧĪôӮˣȻӮˣЩˬҲ֪ǲ굽ʲôͷֱӾȨˣȷں
ղС˭ǧޱɴɴ
ɴɴŤͷģܾЩˣղǸǵʦµģƽҲһģģ֪£һŲ֪˵˵ݲ򵥡
ݲ򵥣ǧһ˵Ȥ
ɴɴ治򵥣ǸǷģǲҲ۸һ£
ȷ롣ǧĦ°͡
ǡɴɴһβԵЩأһſ˵۸ѧȫһҹ֮䱻ͷÿ˿аˣҲֵѧǶ۸ˡ
ǧüͷаš
аʲôİɡ
ɴɴ¿˼ۣҲҶ˵ʲô
ǧֳ¿ȥֻɶøСһƺûӿ־
ǧþȻСӡ
СҲ̫û˰ɣδȨˣǸղû߿޻߽ˡ

һʱ䳰ЦȫûöһȻģޣ۾ſͰ͵ġ
ǧɷûá
ǧҵȥˡɴɴеӣҲ֪ҶԴ˭ͻȻЩˡ
ǧֿϣýţ߽ױϵͬƥеͦ١
ɴɴһһţתֺ̨ԴһסһŮһͨŮȼ̫ߣſ׶ѡ
ɴɴ˦һЩѩȥֱӽŮԭء
ŮôѲˡ
ɴɴСһߣֱӽŮߵ̨⡣
ӿʼʤҲŻ˲ʱĹǧĦ°ܸͣоɴɴ˲٣ѧԺѧ˲ٶ
ʤԺɴɴQ̨˷ܣǧ㿴ʤˣ
ǧקק䣬̲סˮŮ׶ѣһ߽ħʦӮȫ֮а
ɴɴʼ磬Ǻܸˣȥˡ
ȥʱīԴսҲˣ˶˶ֳɹΪף׼ȥ¥һ١
Ҫԣǧûоܾȴǿڵȥ¥ңһȥ͵ʦ˵һǡ
ô˵ĵ׷̰ôо͵ʦĹϵôֻ࣬ǳųԸѣȻҪȥ͵ʦ
ǵʦǷأ
ǧûʲôһ̾˸ûӰ
صסݣǧԺϡ
̤棬ַɨأϵЩҳܿ챻ɨɾ
ҽˡǧЦ⡣
̧̧֪ƤӣȻܽ
ǧǳǳһЦǰʱһקסѩ׵ӣΪףɹɴɴҪȥ¥һ٣ֻ㱨һ£Ͼ͵ˡ
ɫ䣬üͷҲһ壬īҲȥ𣿡
ȥġǧ
δʲôû˵һޱģǧȴܸоСˡ



681 ħڵ

㲻ˣǧǰš
һæҡҡͷûС
ʲôǧ̲ס˵Ķ⣬ȴĶһӾͺˣСӣһɰɰһ¾ͻ졣
ӵЦһ㶣ٽҵСŪ½֡
ǧЦɶӣûֵģĺúÿɰҡղǸӲڳԴװɣ
ǵһμζ죬гԴ׵ģֱ̫ɰˣ
εٴһǰ仰û˵
ǧ̫˼ˣ̲סһڣǵĴʦЩˣẦߣԴף᲻

νëգ֮ҲЩɫ
ǧ͵ؽɴ
һӳ죬ˡǧһڣ漴Щ٬ط˷ĴǣЦ˶ȥ¥ԸԱٻ㡣
䣬һܵԺ⣬·ͻȻ׽һ١
ûˣգգ۾ʧЦһѾͷ˵󣬿ɰǧһ·¥⣬Ÿһߵ¥ſڣͿƳϱżֻСħ޹
ٶңʲôƹܳŵϵСħЩͷΡ
һħ磬ҪԡƳǣЦħ
ƹ񶼿˹ʹˣٶÿζһЩι״ħ޹ͷĳԣͲ³ԻӴ
ɹ²氡ֻӲͷƤóӽħ޴ȥ⿡
Ƴϲ̣ˮֱ
ǧһ֪ħ޻ܳԣͦؿζģƳһۣж궼ˣ޲ⶼȥ
ħܺóԣ
Ƴǧһ
һŮڶ𣬽ƳʶǧȥҰ
߻һξӨˮǻ۾ǧ˵ͷҡ
Ƴգգ۾ǽߵҺ˭ͦġ
ǧߵˮգ˶̫ãѧԺǧղ̨Ҽˮϵħħɱġ
佱ˣƳһ̵ģмʶ
ǧһۣͦ
ҼˡƳָıӣһ˷ܵţϴƿ޵Ǹǧ˼
ǺǡǧһЦܾѾûˡ
ҲԷƳֵľ¥ڳһޱԺģҾ¥ҼҿģȻͬһѧԺҾͰ۰ɡ
лǧһףͦ󷽵İ
Ƴڰ֣
ħó𣿡ǧżɽ
ħ⣬Ƴ۾ˣһƥһȻóˡۣڴ֮˻ζ
ǧһ˵Щ棿
ƳæͷȻЩѼóˣħﻹһСܡ
ǧ˵£ʲôСܣ
İĶǽȥ˵Ƴҿ±˭˭˭Сܡ
ǧһڵ¸Ũˣ¥ϣһʱ˵
Ƴ
ǧڰſվ漴Ŷ룬ɲǣɴɴǶĿͶǧϣˣǿɵþá
һ䣬˾ǧ󻹸һˣһףֻƽｻ鲻ѡ
ףﻹ˰дŵ𣿡ƳЦؽȻô˵ɱȴһԵá
ûУɡīָָԱߵλӣЦûͦá
ɴɴǧƺѯôʶƳģղŻڴƳˡ
ǧʼ磬Ҳ
Ƴܿ˷ΧУȻж껶ֶ࣬İҲη壡
Щ˵˵ħеʲôСܣǧŤͷһѵĽƳ˿źƬճԡ
ħ⣿
ˢˢƳǧ
˵ʲôħ⣬ѵħԳԣ
ι״ªħĿԳԣôöİħҲһȻһЩƳ˵ħ˶˼֣ǽħɱħڵɻдͷдǵ
ǧˣƺЩģԣ
ඡƳ̯̯֣˫ģƺ⣬Ұħһ£Եʱ൱ڳһڲܿʼħЧյǲģܰҡ
Ƴһ٣˸߲ҵ˵յ˺öûУħ洦ɼģȻյƽ޹ʾ򵽵ġ



682 Ө͸ħ

ҲԣյҲǸ߼ҩܻͦӭġ
ǧһ˵мֵȻܷħвеİأȻǸˣС㷢ֵģô˵ˣĺ𣿡
Ƴһ㶣ƺЩˣûкҩ
ԶָͷЩͰ͵ʣҿǳӦòὫ¶ֳȥ˵ɣ
ǧļǳЦǿɲֶ֮ˡ
Ƴһ˲Ͱ࣬ǾԼ̫ˣ֪Ͳ˵
ǧգգ۾ж껹ͦڿˣһħָܷǳһЩ𣿡
ҪԿ⴫˵вħ⡣
ƳͰ͵صͷǲ˳ĻὫħİ˵
ǧ˼ۣô۸СӵĸоӴ
ûã¥Ĵͽħ˽ħζɢζţζΪֻͬž˳ѡ
ǧһڣ˲侪ϲȻ㡣
ǰǰɡƳо°ָͣſʱһտζܲ뵽ڵҲ㡣
ħⱻƳ˲ͬĿζʲôⰡǸ˿˿ģر࣬ÿͦ¡
ǿ쳢ɺóˣֱǱƳִӣȲسһڣһɲǣ˶ƮƮɵġ
ԵôˣҲʼˡ
ǧһ⣬ԥͽУҲֻ˲壬ǧֻûµë׶չϵƣҲɢ·ȫöòһ
ħ⣡
ȻյЧ࣡
ǧ˫һּ˼ԣҰǽҩûˣɱֻħ˾Ҳ˰һ㡣
˳ħҲͬ뷨ⶫЧ̫ˣرζؼħ洦в³ԹûУ̫ˣ
ƳǸţȻܷħеİءԴĴָ̲ס佱
ƳյȫգҲƮƮɡ
Ǹ꣬ҪΪħʦ
ȻѾͦˣ
ǧ֪ЩʲôȻɵЦˡ
㷹װħļȫԿˣֶкԶٶöͣǳԵͦʵȻʳˡ
ƳαϣΪشһãóԣɰӰ
Ҳͬĸܣô̫óˣ
Ƴһǩ۾𣬾һͷ
ǧģЦ
ƳһۣΪԵͦˣԴ󷽵ԭˡ
ڰϢһ˲ȥ
ǧŶӣסݺ󣬲ŷַʯϵģɣһɷСϱ
ǧЩţ޲ǰϷһ֪ղˡ
ˣ̧̧Ƥӣɫë续
ǧͻȻȥ˵Żˣôͷ𣿡
ҡҡͷ䣬ڵ㡣
ǧһ˲ĻŭĿվ»֮£ɲǼǹ𣬾µˣ廪
̧˫֮ӳֻ
ǧ˲仺񣬽һССĹƻȫŵ˵ΣҸղȥ˾¥ͻȻһСܡ
ʲôСܣοЩ档
ǧ򴽽ǣƺڻζʲôҷħζãһóԶˣħлд棬ħ͸һЧյ࣬ҪǷʡǮ
һҲ档
δƷħ⣬ħһдҲΪ棬ǳºһˣ˵Ҳа
ͦõġ
ε֪ģǳš
ǧȴͦģھ¥˽ƳǸСͦҵġ
εͷͻȻЩħˣȥɱֻħޣƽȷԶһЩ
ǲˣǧ˲Ц˻
ա
Ͷڽ磬ʱǧͷȥһɭ֣ɱ˲Сħ޻
ֳֳվСУĵиħ޵Ƥ⣬һɲǣһ龧Ө͸ʵ
ǧűƬһȣû뵽ħ޳ôȴǾӨ͸ʵģˮһƯ
Ҳû뵽ˣ档
ǧִ𣬷·ܴŵһ㣬δһζͬ



683 »ܲμӸ

εͷڲͬ
ԳԿ͵ͣǧ򴽽ǣһ
þֱܾӰղ˵Ļơ
ֻǹɴʦһŹһӣԺŽбƬ뷭
һ˲֮䣬ڶ߲
·ŹСģΪ棬ټһϯ˳Ⱦİ£Ǻÿ˼Уڳﵱĺˡ
ȫ󲻵ҲմȾ֮
ǧĽëʵͲסʹӱסÿĺΪʦľȻ
ڳһְֻסС֣ûʲôܵġ
ǧС֣ѬȾС糺һƬͷƬҪˣ̳ơ
δһûãš
ŶǧǳǳӦһܵ󱳴ȶȣǧһΣûɾЩɬˡ
ȥģΪɬĻԼ

ǧвϷ̰ţʱѾƬ죬ǧ֣ǳЦɿһ£Ȼᱻ֭Īǲã
һǧЩ¼ȥġ
ǧѸٻһСǵͨ죬յص˷һۣ㬽ɿ˵˵ӲקҵģҪ˵᲻Ҳ᲻á
ԣ᲻áε磬Ʈɢڶ˵Ķ䶼ˡ
Ƭʢǧ˱ǵζͻȻöЩˣλҪһ˲Ͳˣֱקŷδӳ
ʲôˣҶˣȳƬòãǧǸǵ÷رЦ
ﴽ˵ãͳƬɡ
ǧִӣƬеʱֻһ֫ٺˬǳͷҲˬ˼֡
Ҳͬĸоǰħ⣬һ˸ħЧȷܺãǳȥԺоȫˬ˲١
ǧͷǰָоͦġ
˵˵ЦЦܿͽһħԵ
ԺǧŶӣɴһá
οһۣǳǳģ΢Ϣһ£һҪʼˣѶҲ
ǧϣ˶ģŶ֪ˡ
̲סһСӣ궫ԺĶЩС͹ȥʱģر˼
Ĵ֣ǧĽëһҲ˼£ҶӣոճԱͲ´
Һģۣ֮̇ë˳лһĨЦ⣬һ˲֮ʺÿǳ
ǧͷƳ𴦣û˵
ڻιһ⣬ͷüᡣ
Ϣһǵ磬ҲʱĻ
ǧһ׼ȥѧԺյشҪʼˣҵȥμӡ
վһȥ
ǧǳЦŵá
յشʱѾܶˣҲһѧȾԺ橶ǧվһԣʱʱ͵˷μۡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ʶҲȥۡ
ǧ΢䣬ɲ
ʱɴɴ˹ľȻнƳյľ¥ۻǱ˴˼䶼Ϥ
ǧǴк
ɴɴǼˣҲŲǧվá
ƳҲǸ죬ǧЦûͦģȫħҲš
ףǸ𣿡ɴɴЩؿǸСһ꣬첻ȨˣôμӸ
վ˶ûʲôڸУ˲ͱȺûˡ
͸ȺĿͶϣȷԺ󣬼˾һҲ¶һĨɻɫ
ĪֵģԴ̲ס²
ȥ񡣡ī°͡
ǧҲͬĸоҲֵģģĵȷȷȨˣΪλгʸ񣿡
ʲôôСֵġƳڰ֣һֲֵģ˼˵Ǹ꣬ɺ̨ӲʲôܻһģϰˣҲֻ˲Żþȡ
ǧһ㶣̨ôӲ
Ҳһƴ̨硭ͦӲҲͦأǶ֪ĸүƳ죬ҲӺ˼֣ܸоȾʲôϵ
ǧ°ͣҲмֺ档
Ƹܵǵעӣ˱סֶøҶһӣÿ°
ǧЩĿջ˲μӸĺ



684 ޳

ʱվڸ̨ϵȾǿˣڶʼⳡѶӣҪǽѧԺֲ԰ժֽнݵֲ
Ⱦ˵ţͽһչʾǰ
ɫСڷţʱеӨƮɢرƯ
ģۣ̌һ˲˲ȾеĲݣ֪Ϊʲôܾݲͬ죬Ҳ϶򵥡
˵汻¶ˡ
ֻȾһЦ˵ûǣĲݲͬǿԶתλõģҪҵץɵûһ򡣡
ѧһˣ£һݾȻܡ
ǧҲЩȣܵĲݲСѿһ˰ɣ
򴽽ǣЩԾԾԣʱҲݾСѿȥңСѿҲֲ϶ܸӦνĽݡ
Ҳʧȥʸ񡣡
ʱȾѾֲ԰Ĵ򿪣һɲǣֲζƮɢڿУֻűûͦš
ǧֲ԰пȥɾһ
ٲ԰ͦģоһؾ󣬱Ϊֲ԰ǰũֲ࣬뾹ȫԼԤϡ
ǧֲ԰ʱѧѾ뵽ֲ԰ͷˡ
Ҳȥɴɴ˳ǧ°ڣûһҪߵ˼
īҲûߣҪǧӵ˼
ǧܿ˿ѧǶ֯һСӣΪʲôΣֲСҲиӦʲôġ
ԴҲûʲôЩϤģƷҲŵùǸƳôҲŰƳͷڳһرӣҸ£һϳԹˡ
ǧüʲôû˵
ʱֲ԰ЩŹ֣֪ΧȻ赲˵ȥ·˲֪ںη
ɴɴȣƺ뽫ߣŪ쿴ǰ·ˡ
ǡԴͣиϵħʦھͺˡ
ϵħܽǰɢǧŤͷȥԱ߶иϵħʦ𾢷磬׼ɢ
ǧ۾һֱӳɴɴ֣ԱǸиϵħʦĹȥɢʱǾ͸Ǻ߳ȥ
˵ЩʱǧȫûʶԼж޳ܡ
Ƴɵ㶵ĿһۣȫȻû뵽Ȼˣֱ̫޳ܣܷθ
ɴɴǹܶܣֱӸǧϣŲǾĵġ
ߣֱܵ
Ǿ޳ˣôˣ
ķϵħʦɢʱǧٶȴ͸ܵǰ档
ںͷСӼȣ׷¶ı飬ֻӬһ
ôȻ͵͵λã޳ܣֱ̫޳ˣ
ô޳ܵ˭ȫû̫ܵˡܳһ·ΧҲʼɢһ˲̫֮¶ΧҲů˼֡
Ƴ뵽ղŷһУЦøɵһղǵľٶ̫޳ˣûЩı飬ͺ޲ýһˣܸоˬ
飬ˬ
ǧһ飬Mɣ
Ƴһ·զզģǸжǸ룬ǧ޲ýͷƳ֪Ѿ˲ڼ˵š
ţǧͣ½ŲҲһ֮ɫͣһ¡
ôˣԴΪΣգʱŵøСƼһ
ɴɴ;ĽƳ۲ܣҲûʲô
ǧ˫оΧЩȻīҲоˣڰ֣ҲɼҸоΧЩǧ϶Ҳо˰ɣ
ǧͷҸоˣҶС
ī蹴Цòá
ȴûôˡжǲСĶôһоûУ
ɴɴǼڳһſܸоԼˡ
һήңǧЦɲã¿ȥ˫УҪ֪ʲôǾͳ¿
ʶϿȥֻһۣ˵˫ɵɴҲҵġ
꣡
澹ȻԼڶһһ৵Ĵڸߣ಻ĺһͦ׳۵ģʲôһ
⾿ʲôôԼڶԴŵöˣӱСڷֱַݺŹͱӴɫֲˡ
񿴵ڶΪʲôŹ˶ˡ
֪ʲôǧΪ侲һֱҵĽݣԺ˵ݻ𣿡
Ļһ䣬ͿһͨӨСݴСմȾһͲʲôͨСݡ



685 ƻĽ

ǽݣԴ۾Բ
ɴɴҲ
īͽƳһصӣȫûס
ǧߣӣһԾԾԵģ춯ȥץݣɱСˡ
һҪץͻȻһֱоˣǸеС
УǧһݣæǶɴɴ˵ɴɴЩñϵħסǰ·ɱСһˡ
ɴɴһ˲ѩ׷£ֱӽǰ·סˡ
˲û·ܣòݶסˡ
ӣÿ°
ǧޣаһЦС·ߣǿЩڳҹζࡣ
һҪߣŵòεӣ̫ײˣ
±£ֻ񣬴ǻὫ˵ġǧ䣬ž˺£һ
ݶøˣӡ
ԴŲڵأһЩɫʱ˶˷ˣҿˡ
ݼԼ֣òݶɵˣҪԵˣ
ЩŪСͷĺܡǧݿȥһֻۣܾҪһСͻܵ
ԴҲû飬ֱӾͽ˳
һ뿪ĽݣʧȥĿСŵɪɪСҶҲȫſͰ͵ġ
ۣŻˡԴ˳ݵҶӣܾЩɱûʲôˮ֡
ǧҲСҶһѣû£СһˣƢѣһҲͺˡ
ŶԴӦһʵݲһ꣬ô˸η䣿
⵹Ǹ⣬Ҳͦģоָ˭á
ǧڰ֣˵һǱ߰ɣҵ˸Ľ˵
û˵Ҳ˭ֻ˵ţҲûֱԴŷŽ¶ˣСͦƻԴһľУһǲҲѷˡ
ǵڲһݣҪҵֻͬЩѶȡɴɴʶ˽ݵĽƻЩǡ
ԴͽƳҲѵõû˵
īǹЦûͦã죬ʱ磬ܹ뵽취Ѱݵġ
һмֶĵá
˶ˣм滺
ǧī迴һۣʲôû˵
˼ֲ԰ȥֲ԰ûΣգҲûг˵ޣֻһȺƻ̰Ľݡ
̰ءȺݼͬ鱻ץȻܴ̼ˣԱߵĻͼǣǧѣȻǶˤʺ
ݼıɹԵС˼
Ǿ̫̫ײУ;װǡ
һʱ֮䣬ʮһڷҡҷӣƮڿеĹ»ҰΪˡ
һһ㳯ǧǿԴ²ҡҷӰֱӱˣۣйôһֻǿ𣿡
ʲôԴɫɴɴͷҲЩڡ
գӦòйɡǡԴһָ˶øҶһôһֻצģ˵᲻ὫȫԵ
˵ԵԴɫ࣬ŬסԼŽѹȥ
ɴɴ˳ָķȥͼһͦڷ裬ʱʱ֮˹ֵĿһˣҲЩµġ
ǹɡ
ɴɴסǧӣɫࡣ
īͽƳҲˢˢȥǲûбסǾǹӰֵͦģϸһҲرˡ
Ǻ˰˭ڿװǰɣƳ°ͣһʱûͦ˼
īĦ°ͣҲָоղ·Ե޹ʳ˹ڶǡ
ǲǹ֣ǱߵĽ˲һ£ȴС±ˡ
ǧǱߵĶ΢΢һֵط˽ݻ˭йǣ
䣬ǧʯǰĹȥ
һ˲ǾͱˣǷʵɢתܡ
ǷС壬ԴʱԲ˫ۿһΪǹ뾹ȻǽڶǣֻСݣȴ˻Ҫ飬ղŵˡ
ֱɾˡɴɴ̲ס²ۡ
ǧһղŽɢܵʱϣֱקסãԭɼײУˡ
ţáǧֱӽݶԴ
ԴݷľУֱղǧ˧һ£ʵ̫˧̫ˣͽץʲôġ



686 

Ƴַ˸ɾ䣬ʱðǣѧԺһֱڿ㣬û뵽ô
Ϊѧڿ󣬲ַȷһУ
ʵáǧȻô˵Ϻǫ飬ȫһȻܵı顣
Ƴһ٣ЩƤ
˼ֲ԰ߣȴûݵӰӣƿǡ
ǧƿ޲ý̳ˡ
ǧƿһۣĸ໹治٣ǣȻǧѩҲڡ
Ǹ߸ϵʥŮҲΪƿĸˣ
ǧһϴ˼ۣ˵Ӳ࣬һĻ϶ġ
Ŀ⣬ǧѩЩؽĿƿ
ǧˣ˶˷˲٣飬һҪˣѲǰͷѾŽһ򾡣
ǧԽԽ˷ܣҲĪ
ǧѩıŪЩĪҪʲôˣ
ǧץ˼ݣƿǵעӣһ䡣
ǧһҪݵ⣿
ݽƻĺܣһ·Ҳû꣬ҲˣʵĶǧ˵ţڳһյı顣
ƿǧѩֻͷرˬ죡
ﱻΪסˣоʹ죬ʩСƾͰԼǷݽץסˣһɣ˾ˡ
ƿۣͻȻ䴽ǣڳһ󷢴ȱģݵȷƻĺܣҲ˲ʱŽץסģˣץҵƼһطݿɶˡ
ǧֻúЦ
󷢴ȱ
ֱЦ
ϴƿѧǰƿ治ŪѾƢõˣڲǰӻǻǸûġ
ɴɴǼҲƿ϶ûġ
Ͼϴε¼ֵͦƿǰ۵Сͱ˿ˣôģ
ɴɴȰǧҪϵǧȴֵЩ˷ܣǸطôݣ
ƿĵЦΪǸû뵽ޱ
Ȼʱ磬ѩȥǸطɺãƿ˵ţڻһΡ
ǧѩҲЦ⡣
ǧ˵ı龡۵ףɫðͬһȥɡ
𣡡ƿкöˣЩţһ´˵ݵĵ̫СôȥĻ϶סģһ˸ǣض顣
ǧЦòãѾ϶Ҫˡ
ðһȥǧŪָ⣬ЦøӸĪ
䵱˵ļһѡ
ЦˣɴɴǾЩͬƿˣ飬Żᱻ㡭̫ˡ
ǧƿ΢̧°ͣ߰
ǧʼ򣬸ǵĽŲ
ǧѩۣ֮ŨŨֻƺ뵽ʲôЦ
ǧɫüͷȴ΢΢šҲ֪ǺʱһģǳԺİɣͦͶԵġ
˼룬عʱܸоԽԽƫƧˡ
ôƫƧݻ𣿡ǧܣ״һ䡣
ƿָ⣬еЦӣҲƲסˣԽƫƧĵطݾԽϲţһ͵ˣҲż
ûżǧüֳһܴ󵨵ģ
ǺǡƿЦ뵽ʲôеЦԡ
ûãƿһƧĿյشͣ£ָָǰͷðϸߵӲݣǧ㿴ǱߵӲ𣿡
ǧɫ䣬ȴѾ˽䱸״̬ȻǼˣӲôߣϹķ򲻻ġ
⻰˵ͦԣƿܾЩŹ֣Լμ䱻һƿʲָŶӲݶѣǧǾڶӲݶץǾͿЩȥɣҹζࡣ
Ŷǧ򶨣ȴЩų⡣
ǾԲһõط
ҪǵˣʲôСֶΡ
ǰݾͷЩȥɡǧѩߴ٣۾ȴǲŵ档
ǧеĹԵãھȥ
һǧԸ¶ЦݣƺмԹ֮ɫǶ·϶⣡
ǣѵأ
ǧȹڣе̤ţÿһ۽ǵȴȥ
ӹһɫ⡭


687 ־

ִĿϸһȻǼϸ룬¶ΪĲ֣ǽŲ涨Ȼᱻĺۡ
ûв´ĻЩӦǺгƷĽ˿룬滹մȾһЩõĶ˵ģȴ־壬Щ޴顣
ǧ۾ֻúЦ
Щ˾ô뿴Լ󰡡ǧŽ˿λãɵض˹ȥȫûκοĶɢһ
ˣƿǧѩȴըˡ
׼õΪһûµ
Ǳˣǳʲô
зֹȴûţǽǧеԹԽԽ
ǧ۾һΧһЩСءЩС˵ɥȴܽ˻С
ûȣŲҲʣ°ˡޱȣ
ǧ۾һбɵرܿЩأֵļΪȻȫѾʲô
ƿǧѩøɵۣȴɲʲôֻǧ̫ãһ꣬ɾˡ
ʱǧѾݴԱϣ뽫ݶѲȴֲݶͿ˶ҺⶾȻЧȴԣʱͻ˵Ǳ˷ˣһӵҪ١
Ǻǣԭ鶾ó
ǧŲݶϵĶҺü䣬Ȼôϲ鶾͸Ҳһ
ɫؽٻӲϵ鶾ֽݶѲ
ۿƵóѣЦ÷⿪
һ鶾ｫ˵ʱ򲻵ӻᱻ˿⣬ҲٵĲˡ
Ժ󻹸ţ
ݶѺǧֲݶѺʲôûУݣСҰݶûУףǲ˵кܶΪһ궼û
ĿĴﵽƿ˶䵭ŶǱ˰ɣҲ˵ûиӵнݣֻԵˡ
ǧѩµ鶾ǺģҩЧǿֻҪմȾһЩͻᷢ裬ҩЧܿҪˡ
ǧüðĶҺͿȥ
鷳Թһ䡣
Թһ㿴Ϸǧͬ˵㲻Ǻܰ𣬵ʱ˶鶾˵
۾ۣ
ǧƿʱȴСɱ˵˵ôܽ˾ҿڼңԲô˵ġ
ǺǡƿЦж֮˵
ǧѩһʱɹǧҩЧûз
ô£
ѵ鶾ûã
Ǳеƭˣ
ǧڵСĻЩЦߣװ֪ˣһҪȥҽݣͲǺʱˡ
䣬ǧתߣһˬȫûκжļֱӰʧ鶾ҩЧûз
վԭأܾЩԾƿҧ䣬ǧѩ㽫˿С鶾Ϳڲݶ𣿡
ΪʲôÿһΪʲôҪǧѩšüͷ
Ҷ˰
Ϊʲôǧƽ£ƿ治
ǧҲЩˣҲЩаţʲô˹ŪõĶƻ˰ɣ
УҵȥơƿͷЩܣҪȥܰ
ǧѩͷɲ׼ȥһأҪ
ǿ뷨ƿŤͷһȻҲøһͬȥ֮ᡣ
ǧѩ򴽽ǣһʱｫƿǧٱ顣
ƿҲǷҲۣͬ˳Ȼͨȴһ߰ӣӵŮһᡣ
ƿקǧѩֱۡ
ǧѩһŸĽŲ
ߵݶѴֱһŲȵ˽˿롣
һ¾ͽ˵廨Ь̴ֱֱѪС


ҽ˷𽥻һС¡
ƿǧѩɫɷף̴ŵĵʱϵĶҺҲڣ˲־壬رһЩ޴顣
˭ƿҡͷԣˮᳶ½һͽԼ½˺ˡ
˲ۺɫǶ¶˵ĺܣ
ĶǶƯҴҴǧѩĶǶر볶
ƿ滤סԼĶǶһСҵĶǶŲ㴩Ͳ㴩
СǧѩСĲߣңҾ
ƿ汻סͻȻҲ㡭


688 

䣬˾;侹ȵ˵ϵһСأһɲǻؿһ׳ľ
ֻáಡ׳ľֱ˦ƨϣת˲˾ߵķˢˢ˵Ӳݶϡ
Ӳݶϻ鶾ҺһС˲佫鶾䡣
ղŵľú棬Ȼܵˣƿ֣ͻȻЩԾ
Ȱоһ¯УҪĶܽ¡
ǧѩҲͬĸо¾ͽ·£۵ļ̱¶ڿУȰҵӱúòԾǲҪ˰ء
ЩˣͻȻӵһⲻãһǾȻò̫ˡ
ӵܽ£
˫һرһ⻭ر۾
죬ǾȻһˣÿ£̲ס˴ԼĶȣⳡֱˢۡ
ûʲôµġǧõĳ䡣
ʵǧղŸûԶѰ˸طԼղŷһҲȫˡ
ͲԼµ͸Լ
˶ֱģԺŻᱻǧٿǱתߡ
˼£ͻȻЩˣΪˣϷǲŸտʼ𣿡
㵱ȥԼȥɡǧҪȥҽݣûʱ俴ٯٯġ
ôצӣҲûӶȥֶðɺðɣòȥˣСѾͷֱ̫ˣȻǸ֮Ķˡ
ǧʼ磬һڷҿûʲôԼ޹ء
գź۾޳ܣ
ǧһ뽫
ۿ̫ɽǧҲҵ飬ֱѰ˸û˵طСѿٻ
Сѿһ֣ͷðļƬҶڷƮҡţͦɰʲôԸ
Сѿģûһ׳һȦŻûڰɡ
СѿȥץݹɣץһЩԷһǧ̲ס˵ͷСҶӡ
СѿСҶӣƺڵͷȥܿͻ~
ȥɡǧЦǳǳ
СѿһԶˣѸر졣
ǧվԭصСѿع飬ʵЩģ֦ڵддҲ֪˶ãСѿǻˡ
Сѿض飬ϲ˽ݣԹӦʮңֱǸС֣
ץʮݹ˵Сѿӣ
ǧϵĽȡ£ֽһЩҩԣСѿˣЩҩ塣
СѿܿģԵر𳩿졣
ʱ򡭡һϤϤڶ
ǧ˫һݣһ۵׸֣˭
Сѿ굤ҩԺҲ˾״̬ҡҷˣѪѪ⣡
˭ǧ˻еɱԣ𣿡
ϵɱ죬ǱϤϤиӰ˳ӣҪɱңֻ·ģӡ
ǧĵһоǺˣ̫ˡǧŤͷһ־Ȼ£ǸСʲô
Ťͷһײǧŵ˶ˡ
ӣȻǧ̫ײˣ϶ᱻɱġ
С⣬ڴӵʱͻȻˡº۾ӾֻС¹ƵģұɱҺòãҵⲻóԣӡ
ˣ
һΪԼɮ
ǧֿ޿˴򽻵ۣҲɱ㣬Ҳ㣬ĶĶȥɣҡ
ӣδϵĿȥ
ǧŤͷһȻͦͦ׵ģֽĿȥ³û治ü֮侹ȻЩȾ̫ˣ·һָͷ顣
¸ܵĿ⣬ܾЩƻģÿ£
ϿҪߣһޱȵСѿСѿͷмƬҶӣ紵ʱԵرϲС
Ŀһ̱OΡ
߱춹𣿡գˮ۾ʤţ߱춹Ѫ㾹ȻܽôãҲǺðӴ
ǧüһЩؿʶ
æͷԹԵľֻС¹ţʶĶɶˡ
ǧۣСһмʶġ
ԽЦԽɭԽЦԽ¡¾Լ·ħˣ֪֪̫ᱻڵģӣɱң߱춹ǲ˵ȥġ



689 Ƕץ

ǧЩضСѿ˵ȥҲûʲôϵСѿԼֲһ˶֪ġ
߱춹ѣҪ˵˵ඡǧνʼ磬㻹ǿ߰ɣҼͷġ
ӣͻȻǧҲôײתߣߵһסŲĿǧš
ǧЩڣС񵥴ûʲô۶ǧҲĻᱻʲôġ
£СûҵҪҪɣҲ࣬һһɡ
㣬˾Ϳߣķǧһ
¶ŻеĽݣҲû˵ҪݰҾòСݣҲлμӾģţǿӲĺ̨ôţƣ
Ұ˷ֳֻܱ˵ǸҸҺ·ˡ
߲ȥˣ
ǧ´ۣ˲Щⶼ˻·պָôĶҲ֪
ɰɣ󡣡ǧرε˵
һ㶣û뵽Ӧġ
Ͼӡǧرײе࣬񿴴ǧˣ˼ʵģּ˾ɱײл
Ǹˣӣر޳
ǧ͵׼ޣȻҽ㶪ɽȥԶ
죬ʵǱˡ
˻ײеģ
˼߳ǸĹط˼Ǻɴɴǻˣһֱվԭصȴǧع飬ǧǻˣһƨ档
£ɴɴЩ⣬ôǧϵôˣȻûޣ
Ƴ´¼ۣް
±ôעţܸоЩڣӣޣ
׼ޡǧ̫Ѩ֪ʲôһ
סᣬСǺˡ
ī轫¼´ۣȷûԺŰ࣬ƿûΪɣ
ǧüײһЦǾΪңҲûǸ°ѾԼµĶˣպǵҡ
ʲôԴһ
ǧŤͷЦЩа񣬡ûʲôֻǳԼµĶѣȫ̶ûжӴΪǺˣ
ˣ
ô˵ײˡԴ±Цˣ㱧ޡ
īȫͬ˵ǧ˵ЦãҲ΢΢ã
ɴɴһ飬Ϊһĺ
Ƴ˿ɫܾٲˣ̫ɽˣٲȥѰʣµĽֻҪԵˡ
һ£ѽǲҵݶѣֵġ
ǧȫûһ˼ͿٽղŵõĽȡȥˣҸղųʱҵһЩݣӦù˰ɡ
˽еĽݣ𺳷ǳ
˽ƻȻܵ׽ô࣬ʵ̫˰ɣ
Ȼץô࣡ɴɴ۾ͷȫǳݡ
Դ۾Ҳġ
īͽƳȴǳĬ˼ʲô
ŽݣǿȥԺǧߴ뿪ֲ԰
˻뿪ֲ԰һСһСеɫڷǳǳҡҷš
ǳȥʱյϵѧ࣬Ҳѹ֣ԼܶҽƻʵҲץյϵЩѧˣǼץ˽ݡ
ǶץˣȾѯʣĿȴƮϡ
Ȼ𾴣۰ͰͶȾš
ǧûע⵽ǵͷ͵ţǶץˡ
óơȾԴһɢɢ
˽ȡɫĲݣÿ϶һ꣬ȫû١
Ⱦһۣܿסڵ𾪣Ȼȫҵ˽ݣǻҪ֪ݿƻġ
ȷƻǧһϧˡ
ȾͷҲ˵ˣҲһݣһɣ˶ˣҲҵ˽ݣ
͵͵ǧһۣǰ
Ⱦšüȫû뵽ҲҵݣǸѡһЩ
ԴˮС¹һر˻ġ
ǧ˿ȥܸо֮˵ĸоܸоرµǿӲ̨Ⱦɣ
˼ʱѧҲ½ֲ԰гˣеŽݣеֿտգһա
ǧ˵һߣ˷εĿ⡭


690 ò

ε˫ڣīַÿ
ǧֻԼǱסˣһʱ١
վܲμӾˡǳʶԴû˷֡
ʱѧѾȫֲ԰гˣȾҲ׼ֲ԰ŹϣʱȴһѧԺܹţƿǧѩûдֲ԰г
һûˡ
Ⱦüͷ壬Щͷˣֲ԰ȫûκΣգ˾ڸʲôʱ˾
֧ӣ˼ѧ͵ȥͷˣҵͽǴ
ѧֲ̽԰С
ǧ˿ܻ鶾ǿܻЩ岻ģ⼸ѧǿ˶ᱻŵѡ
ģζС˻ܺѲϵ
ģ̌ٺЦһҪңȴƫƫԼµĿʵ˵ҲûʲôǱܿЩضѡ
һɫʱ˲١
û£ȻһƬȻɱ⾹Ҳţǣá
Լǧˣһ˱ɱס۾ġ
οʶͷ
Ƭ̣˾ͱ˳ϵҩЧûйȥǳ쳱ģȥҲЩɵ㶡
ټ˽²壬ʵ˵
ƽﶼ߰Ůһû뵽˵һ棬һʱѧǶɴ˫ͰͶ˿ͣ
ûɣǸƿǧѩɣ
ûǣƽ߰ǳϵŮһȴû뵽˽ȴġ
ǰô²ģô죬ȫһģ
ࣿŮ˰
һ²ˣѧǵѣԭˣ
ֹѧǾȾҲһ˲Ĵ㶣ΪԼĶ࣬ȴܿ˿ҰŮӣڹ컯֮ˡ˵ȽǴȥɡȾڰ֣ܾЩֱӡ
һֿۣٽĿ˻Ǻ鶾ˣҩЧҲͦǿǲⶾŻΣա
Ҳǻã
δȫ׼ж˵
ǧǲС˼Щ𾪡
û뵽Ȼộ
ѧ뽫˴˫˫жȫ֪Լʲô
˲ѧǵǯƣܵ˿յ뿪ʼϷˣ
ƿ洩Ͱ͵ĶǶ֮żãɵϳԼϽеĶϺȣܲȰ
˵ţƿԵڵϲϷ
ɴʯƳɣ滹ͦˬƿҵʲôһĵ淭
ˬӴ
ǧѩҧҧָҲԵڵأƿһۣͬˬϲ̫
˲Ϸ׻ѩ˲ΡѧǼɵɴ˫˵Ȼ˵ɣҲڱ־ɵӰɡ
ô˶ˣɵӡԺ˺ЩԾѧǶŵϲϷˣüͷ壬ɵ˰ɡ
Ⱦһ˫ɸǲɵˣжˡֲ֣԰ôֶأ
ѧҡҡͷҲǲԡ
Ⱦڰֻ֣ԿЩۣˣǴƫԺ˳һƼң㽫ⶾҩһЩ
ѧֽ䣬ܿͽˡ
żƿⶾҩҴҶǿЩҼҿ浽ôˣ
ѧʵڲҽЩĵĶ˵СֻжˣԺЩǿƼͿЩȥɣȵ֪ôˡ
ӿŲһ˫۾ǳǱ֪˭Ҫ֮أ
ܿƫԺһ߰׻һĻ棬ɫ˲Ͱˣ˹ȥ죬Ҽҿ澿ôˣôԣôԡ
ôԺŮһ𡭡˰ܻŷ磡
ѧ͵͵һۣ˵鶾һЩ־Ķ
һ鲢ûкö٣ö˶˵ôжأ
Сݺҿģ
ֽ䣬ֱﵹⶾҩٵҲ֪˶ϵҩЧǹȥˡ
ǰϸɰһЩ
ʱƿһһתѣףôˣΪʲôԿЩۣҲЩ
ʲô˶һ۵ˡЩ͵ؽƿ汧뻳С


691 ʹ

ƿգգ۾ͷʱŷԼģǶбϲ͵ˣ⸱ģʵǱָܵϵĲʣƿҰˡ
ףôˣҵ·ô
жˡ㴹ɤϲŭ鶾־ĶѾˣϵĲɵġ
㳯ǧѩȥһ뵽ղŵһĻЩˡ
ƿ濴ǧѩһۣɫˡ
鶾ȻһŮˡƿ潫ϵıӺϣɫɷףף˵Һǧѩ
ǸҪӵˣһ뵽ղĵĳ棬һɨȥǧѩʵҲûʲôʱ˶ҲЩͰЩĵ˰ɡ
ƿͷЩĵŲҪȥ롣
뵽ʲôһ͵صԲףҼǵҵʱֲ԰Уγأ
΢΢һ٣ʱͷѾϢУЩѧǴİɡ
ƿűһǣҲסزѧǳģǵĳ̬ȫˣ
ʱǲ
ǲǻʲôĵ飿
ƿԽԽļɫǲҰ˼֡
롣ֱǰο棬ʵǲö˶жأ
ƿһ㶣ǰ˵˵ǧĶУ˳㽫¼޻ϣһ뵽ԼйأһѧԺҪˣ
ϸϸҡҡͷһףҲ֪ԼôˣͻȻ֮жˣʤ
ϴţֲ԰ֲ̫࣬һŲ˶ذɣ
棬׻ؼҡ
㽫ֽϵϡ
ƿæͷ뿪طˡ
뿪ϢԺƿ淢еѧڶָָ㣬߻ֹ˵ʲôЩѧ൱ر
ƿ֪˵ʲôҲƵ뿪ѧԺ
ʱǧվ˶У˲ֻ뿪ıӰǲ˼֡
νַͷţûʲôÿģ߰ɡ
ǧͷһ࣬ղûǧѩỹϢڰɣ
δǵ£ȥܡ
ǧǳЦŵͷ
һ˾ͻصסУǧ뵽˸ղŷĳ£ϵЦôҲֹס
οһۣҡҡͷ
ǧֹסЦ⣬˵ƿǳ̬¶ϲ˵ﶨھʹӣҿɵúú׼һ
뵽ƿǻʹӣεɫɱ˱䣬˲
ǧ뵽˼ӣֱӾһɣʱͲŶƿǡ
ɢ֪˯˹ȥ
ҡҡͷΪϱӣڴԱ߾
Ⱦס
ԼѰ𣿡Ⱦڹϣǰꡣ
ǰü۵ʹһСģ
ȾηҲǻ֧ӣҲǺˮޣ㺦µġ
ӣû¡ɵͷӶøҶһ
̧ͷȾüȻǵɤдżϡ
һȴǹԹ̧ͷѬůƻ¶ڿУһÿȴΪžηݿθӲ˼֡
ϸһͿԷ꾹Ȼǡ£
ǧ⣬϶ܾôͻȻȾķ䣬֮ദͦģ
ǸģȾ̾˿Ҳ˼֣ǰܸˣ˵˵㵽ôõݵģ
½ָ⣬ɫҲЩƮ壬ҵģǸǧҵġ
ȾɫһΣ㲻Ǽµôˣ
ȾЩ˼飬ֶӵӱСģԴӶʧԺ˾һģʧ˻һõССģ˵츳ڡСǲȥˡ
ܽʧֶŮҵλֶҲ˰ɡ
ϧôˣþö취ûλСֶŮҵҲ֪ڲˡ
ûٴδƺȾӣСʱ򱻷ˣҲ֪ôˣһݡ
ȾٴԵڹϣһһȻǣŶݣҲܽ
һ飬ҪְȨˡ
̫ϲִɱɱıԣ̫ˡ
壬ҲμӾܷҵֻգʪ۾ʵС



692 ʼ

ܡȾֱӾܾЩɱɱıӣôǼеĵճӣ˵Сȥ
±죬ˡ
ˣҲûʲôҪʵģȥϢɡȾڰ֣ڸʲôСƵģˣǧ˻
ǳǳӦһ˳ȥˡ
Ⱦڹϣ˯
ȾеǧһŲ֪һ˯ʱһ
ˣγͷ˯࣬Ŀ
ǧĿ⣬˿ЩԺģĿ˲ͱòˡ
ţҪˡ
ǧһ̾ͷһ
ֽǰ鷢
ǧʶ˲䣬ֻһůڶǰӿǳ
֣ϸϸţôôԺ
ǧſϣٴֹһΪû˯Ѱ
δһһСӡ
ǧĵʱ˼֣Ѿˣɱʹҵıӡ
εṴͬѩڣÿ쳣
ǧѾѣȴǱƻˡ
Σùÿ䴽̲סһڡ
ĿС
ǧ֪ʲô뿪˴̣μ㼱٣ҡͷʧЦһ
ҪˡǧľųЩҲ֪ϻЩʲôЩܽˣӦЩ汾¡
ߵ󣬸ȡеľᣬΪţ̫࣬һıԾͳɡ
ǧüһ䣬ڵЦ⻺š
ΪͷỺؽӷ¡
ǧѾͷ΢䴽ǣǳǳΣû뵽־ɣͷģģÿ
θбͷ˫纣ȴֺÿ쳣ϲ𣿡
ǧͭԼģЦ˻ģȻϲĽˣӦÿ쿪ʼˣǻȥѧԺյصȰɡ
ε
˺ܿѧԺյأʱѧǲ඼ˣ϶ŲõЦݣǶⳡԶڴϾþѰ࣬Ҫõͱʹ
ټϻþвһӶ޷ѰıȻ˼֣
ǧͷߵһԣĿⴥЩߴߴѧ΢΢һվһԵȴȾĵҲ֪ⳡȾֻʲô
ûãȾڵʦǵĴӵ»ƺһ޴ľУľжһԲףִĳ齱һҲ֪Ⱦⶫʲô
վԺȾͽľӷŵϣָָǰľӣһľǽֳһСӣÿСˣǴ˿̿ЩǩѡԼĶ飬һɾͲܸġ
ѧȻҪһСӣδ飬Ȥ
ǧҲ˼֪Ķѻ˭ֻҪѾͳˡ
ǩɡȾһ̯ѧȥǩ
ѧһ˷ܣֱӴľǮǩ
ֵǧʱߣӣһչһٿдһ֡дšġ
Ҳ֪ʲôá
ǧǩסܿţѧǶǩϵָвͬżмͬѲͬһ飿
ܿǧĲ²͵õ֤ʵȾһǷ󿪿ڵǩϵ־ǶıţǿЩȥѰǱͬˣЩ˱ǵĶѡ
һѧǷ׷׳ȥѰԼͬˡ
ûһѧǾȻҵ˶ѣЩģЩȴǲģһûҲϤˡ
ǧվһ࣬Χվŵļѣֻܸ̾һС
վǰһףɴɴԴƳȻ¡ǧ»һСµģһ飬Ҳ֪Сӵû汾£ûУǰװռһλã
¼ǧϴԼӶøˡ
ǧηܾСе㲻ס
ǧǾȻһøˡɴɴᳶ½ǣЦЩ˷ܡ
ǧŽעתƵɴɴϣǰҲͦ˵ģҶˣҲ̫ȥϤˡ
ƳҲ˷ܵģɿºŤˣôΪλǵĶⲻǰװռһλ𣿡
ƳĻֱףһ̴ŵɪɪ
㵨СƳ˫һʱ֪˵Щʲô


693 ī

ǧ¿һۣȻܽѧԺӦûһЩ֮¸ʲô˴ϤԺҲ֪ηս
ҡ½ָ⣬һЩԥ
ǧţʲô
Ȼ̧ͷĳЩһſڵһһЩҿվںŬǡ

ǲǻ֮
ǧһʱ£ϴ˼ۣһ䣬㵱֪ƭҵİɣ
Ȼɴ۾һģҲŲƭˣ
û뵽㼤ǧЦŰˣ֪ûƭˣܷңһЩʲô
һ˵¾ﴽЦСģƺ˼ևNɪζһƵĶܶ࣬ȳ֮ҶᣬһһЩССʲôģһͶȥͦ˵ġ
еáǧͷͻȻͦá
⻰п佱ĳɷ棬ȴ˼ǿüɱ͡
ǧȴ΢΢һ
СӾȻˣӺЩ
ǧļº棬Ǻ󷽵ĸͽˣɱʧ֪𣿡
±ĵɵ㶣ְڳһµӡ
ǧһ飬ǲǲö̫ڴˣ
˵һߣǲҿı顣
ۿѾö飬Ⱦһۣ°;ͿڵȻǶҵԼĶ飬ʽʼʤ֧齫õþʸ񣬻ʹ
֧飬ҲǲʮҪõصҪһУ
ѧĦȭţڱŷǿҵս⡣
ǧȾȴȥ˵ıԹ
ע£Ⱦٴο˿ڣÿСɳһǩ˳鵽֣ͬôԲ֧Ƕ֣ΪͷѪɡ
ͷѪ
Ժ˵Ļ
ǧ۽һ飬ȴѧǶĻãһȫ¶ɢǿҵս⣬¡
˭ȥ飿ǧ˿ȥ
½ӴĿ⣬̽ͷ£ǲȥġ
Դһм֧鿴ȥͦǿͦõģһ鵽ʲôǿǾͲˡ
ɴɴҲȥ飬ܾԼЩ
ȥ飡Ƴ󿴿ҿرȥ֡
ǧûʲôãǾȥɡ
Ƴ²س˹ȥŻͦڣûͳǩˡ
ôǧŤͷһ䡣
ҳһǩǡ塱һûǩȾͱԺȥˡƳԴЩ벻ס
ǧȴ˽⵽ʲôһͷԺǲ˽⵽ֵϢһһǩûˣʼͻᱻ¾ȿ˵ı԰ɡ
һȫûԵ˼
ʱѾʼ֧ʶС̨ϴǴѷ֣Ȼȼ̫ߣͦпͷġ
Ź˰ʱŷֳʤ
ʤСгϢһбʼСֱûʸһݵر
ǧһͽĿջʱīԼüŪ۵ġ
һ㶣ͷīĿ⣬ʱҲīеĳԱһرЦ
Ҳ˰ʲôѣǧѩƿ涼ڣһףǰûмġ
ǧīЩңȻǧѩһ
֧һ顣
īһκͲģǧһСӣȴ뾹ǧѩһˣҲģȾ˵ܻ飬ȻĻˡ
ǧ¶Ŀգǳǳ
īЦеĿҲȥ˲٣ֻĶϣȻˮҲ˵
ǧѩƿ治֪뷨һ뵽жһϵ飬ر뽫ǧƤˡ
ǸﶨȻ֪룬ĨŶҺܿģǼֱɵΪЩûþԳ˿
һжǧˣǶۡ
˸Ĺ⣬ǧһһ
ǧֻһðȥԸðơ
Ȼ˲ʡģͱʲô۶ˣһ㶼£
һ֧֧³ֵǧǳˣǶսҲһס
ǧ֣ϳʱƿһ黹Ƕݺݵģơ



694 ϹŪ

ǧ۾һУüͷ
еĿ϶ʲôöûʲô˷֣ǧҲ䡣
̨ǧǰļˣһ뵽лƿĶüͷ
Կʼ
ȾһߺȣǼͻȻڳһͣžЩڡ
ǧ۾Ȼ̨󷽾˼̨ӣһ̨Ϸҩݣһ̨һЩʱҪõĶ
ÿһ̨֧ӣҲ٣ǰ⶷
ǧ˼ʶ¿ȥ
ֻһۣ㷢Ѿ̨ȥ˸Ź߲ŻĹǳޱȡ
ǧɴɴļ򣬵ЩһȽԸȵǱȥҩʱҪ;ҡ
ɴɴ֪ҩȴûҩӣͷЩڴˡ
ԴͽƳһһı鿴ǧ㡭ҩ
ǧüһЦüΪʱǾ֪ˡ
ѾҴˣѾ㹻Աҩʲôļܾ͸Ϲǵ۾ƿ档
ŮˣΪԼҩ츳µһ𡭡ǧһЦһҩ̨ȥ
ľٶѧҲ¶һı顣
찡ǧȻҩ̨ȥΪʲôأ
Ѳҩ
Ѿ̬ˣǻҩĻҪˣ
ѧߴߴ˵ͣƿɫüΪѿǷﾹȻҩ
ǧҩƿŤͷǧѩʵ
ǧѩЩ㶵ģȫ֪ǧҩҲ֪ƽҲδҩ
ƿ䣬Ҳ֮ɫ㲻᲻ҩ㾹Ȼ֪
ǧѩҧûƽϲҴţϵֲ̫ã֪᲻ҩ
ƿ涢̨ϵǵӰɫøΪѿ˼֣֪ҩ츳Σ
ǧѩһãȻӣҧ˫˲ȻˣӦò̫ðɣ츳ãҴţ
ƿ
ǧѩ˵žŻɫǱƲѲѡҩİɡ
ƿһɫҲԻ˼֣ҵҪСɫʲôѾ׼Ǽ֮أ
ۣ񶾵ضЩеĵҩǼŵҩǱƵʱסʱǼ˻ţ
ʱǧѾҩ̨ԡ
иӦسƿǱȥ
ɲǣ˵Ŀһš
ƿؽĿջ
ǧüЦζҪŮ˻ʹʲôֶΡ
רĴеҩݡ
ಡҩݵַ죬գ۵˲ѾҩݴϣҩݴϣһԶҩݶ뵤¯С
ѧֻһۻңӦԺѾҩݴˡ
ѧǿľٶһˡ
ٶҲ̫˰ɣһգ۵ĹͰҩݴˣ
⵽Ĵˣ˵Ūһ£
ѧЩãˣɿǧǸŵģ־ղǸģţƣκζ
ѧǾˣƿҲ΢΢һ
ַȻô졭㲻˵ǸŻɫΪҩݵַô죿ƿǧѩСȣɫƱøΪѿ˼֡
ǧѩҲδϵˣһһڵ죬˭֪ЩҩûдɾڹŪ鰡
ƿðѽ첻ϹŪɣ
ǧѩЩҡٽ˵Ҳҩ˭ô죬ڹŪ飬ǿǧƭˡ
ƿ״ƸĪصһͷҲԣֲƼˣҩ츳̫߿ˡ
ǧѩ俴̨ϵǵӰڱŷǿҵĺ⣬Ǹȸ½˽֪ķ
ƿҲ˵ǧȸ½¼
ǰǸɲ֪ôͻȻͻħˣǧѩ˵ʲôа񹦷Ǽ˺ڰʲôġ
ܽ¶Ů˾ͳ˺Ķ󣬼ֱǼõġ
𣿡ƿ񣬡ﻹͷֱ
еĶ죬վĶֻһ󺮳ϮرĲ
̨֮ϡ
ǧרƵҩȫ֪˴˿Щʲô
ৡһеĻڵϸߣҵĻ治ŵ¯ûһһҩζƮɢ˳



695 ƿıƵ

ҩζŨңѧŵҩζٴɧ
˵ϹŪΪʲôһŵҩζ
һΪұʧˣû뵽Ҳŵ˰
찡ⵤҩζ㣬ǰûŵζҲ֪ĵҩһȥˡ
ѧߴߴǧЦŨҪľЧ
ѧ󵹸꣬ƿɫѿ
˵ϹŪ
Ϊλֵܳҩζ
˵ղŻҴߵĻ޷ƭԼˡ
ϹŪƲҩ
ǼΪ죬ζûŵҲƲζĵҩѲɣǧҩ츳֮ϣ
֪ƿɫৡһ¾ͱòҰס
Ƽϵҩ츳ˣȻһȥˣ
ǧѩ㲻˵Ƶҩ𣿿ΪʲôƵҩַΪ죬㲻õҩζܺ𣿡ƿĿһ׼ǧѩϡ
ǧѩŵҩζԺҲ±Ƶġ
ɣǷĻҩ
ôܡҩǼΪѵģʮһҩʦǿɾллصģǷҡһ䲻ħҩʦҪ˫ϵѪѪµĺ¶ôȫռˣ
ҩɡǧѩҧЩҡҡ׹ҩʦĵȼ϶ߣҲĽװɡ
ƿϸϸǧۣһЦ⣬˵òҩΣĵȼߣܸһ߽ҩʦᲢۡ
ǧѩ϶ĻԺҲ˿
ȼ߾ͺáǧѩﻹЩҩʦҪ׻ͦѵģͳĽҩʦǻ൱µġ
֪ǧѩϰµģĲ
̨ϣǧȻԵõҩ
ţʵҲ̫˴˿ʤҲδֳ˵ԽˣмҲûлҩˣǴĲͲãԼžûˡ
ɷɴɴǣģоԽսԽˡ
ҧ
Ϊͬǵôã
汻ǧƳЩ˳ȥǲȡʤĻᶼûˣ
УԲǵóѣ
ҧأ뵽̨֮ǰƿŵҩǺǱƵȥԺʱף
ǣ˵ƵȥԺһЩССĺ֢ܱʲôǿɣ
˺ܿЭ飬ͷͽ¡
һɲǣӿϵѣļ¶ŸߴͭǽڣϵҲȫˣǰҹǣ·ʱܽҧϵ˵ĺ
Դ龰ɴɴһ¡
죡
˻Сãھɴˡ
һ˳±ƵĻöԸ˶˱ƵǿɾԶԸˣοǵĵȼͦߵģڳ±ƵԺ൱˶ԸͿϼˡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼ˱ƵԴѳݣʤ˰
ɴɴͽƳ˵ɫҲЩѿ
û˵ܳԱƵǿɾ鷳ˣ
ŭһ˲ɽӣۻ롣
ѧǼ龰ͷƤ˲䷢顣
죬ǾȻ˱ƵƵôн򣿡
ҸոտƿһǱƵɣ
ƿΪʲôҪǱƵ
֪ˣϴƿǧԣƿ治𣬻ڰ·ֻһǶȻǧˣԲ˽赶ɱ˵ķӡ
һˢˢƿ棬дһЩĺ
ƿ汻ǿüΪǵеɫιȥ
Ǿѧٴߴߴ
ǻǵƿ˵ֲ԰ֻ˼Ƕֹˣ죬ɵ㶵ģһֱ˵顣
ǰԱߵǸǧѩҲ˵ĺܣ˵ǧѩͻʥŮţﾹġ
˵湻˵ģҵڻǵ۰ļǵĶǶ˾͸ˡ
ѧԽ˵Խۻ࣬˵ĿҲ޼ɵ
ƿǧѩ˵ɫף֪ǵڳˣұеĻҪ
Щ׾ǧǼˡ
ҧгݣ޲ǧ
ѧ˵һ󣬾ֱ̨ϵıȥֻ˿ٱܣ֮ȻڵһϸСĿӣɼ˵жôǿ׳
ۿ˾Ҫɴɴˡ


696 û

ѧǼˣɷ󾪺ʱ򡭡һˮϣͻȻ˷֧ˮӿţ˵ĸһʱ޷͸
ѧǼ龰׷׾ˣǵȻ֪ˮϵзãǲ룬þȻôǿ
治ǽҵСүˮϵħܴܾ˵
ƿ龰ɫֱüΪѿ
ЩѾ±ƵȴûãһССˮϵ϶ѣǾȻҲƣ
ƿвǱǧȴѾҩƺˡ
¯Ӵʱһ쳣ŨҵζƮɢ
ǵҩζŨңȴ£ֻҪһϵĸͻȫ
ѧŵζһȫľ
ζղŸŨˣҲţЧΪֻһž˻ˬƼҵĵҩҲûЧ
ѧ۰Ͱͳǧ޲ýҩƷˡ
ǧĵذŵ¯еĵҩһ󾪺鿴ȥͦ޹ģһСˣһ¯ȻʮŲ
ʮţ

ѧһˡ
һҩʦһ¯ƳĿŲѾˣһı˵Լƶˡ
ѲɣƵҩ
ѧſˮÿǧơ
ǧûǵıһ޹գգ۾һ£ƸĿžͳˣû뵽һ͡
ֹѧǲεڵء
Ů˾ǹô˵ģ޳ܣ
ӵѧǰԹı飬ǧʮŲһɴɴȥ
ʱѧǴһ
ǿ쿴еĲǲн׵ģ
н׵ģƷʾȻھʮϡ
ˣһ¯ʮţÿŶнƷʻߣŮǹɣҩƼҲһ¯ƳôƷʵĶ
ѧǵ̴ƿߣƿҧҧϱǧһеĲϵһӾ˼֡
ĽҩʦȻƳôţƵĵҩһһ¯ʮŵġǱ̬ɣ
ƿ䶯Ĵǣ侹˵һ˵Ļ
ǧѩҲеĵҩһȻĻƵҩַΪ죬ƳĵҩƷʶǼõġ
һҩʦǿǹˣ
ǧѩҧҧĲʹ죬﷭Ϊζֱ˼ֻӬܡ
ѧǻֹ˵ʲǫ̂ϵȾ龰Ҳһ£ܳΪҩʦѾϡˣƳʮŸƷʵҩ͸ˡ
ȻҩʦȾеѲһԵķΡ
ε˫纣֮ͫȴӳһ˵Ӱţҩʦҩʦ
ʧѾõϴ赤ơȻЩû˵
Ⱦһ飬һ¯ʮǿɲ൱ı̬
ţ൱ȾӦһ
δƺڿԼһھ͸һĨССԺ
̨֮ϡ
ǧ֪ЩʲôŵҩɴɴǰǻŵסһЩҪҪһŲһħʲôģ
ȻҪƳͷһۣǶˣټϵĵҩѾ꣬ٲһ£ǽħݽߡ
˳²Ժ󣬾;ûѾָо൱Ѱҩɱġ
ⵤҩðƳ۾΢ǧҲ
ɴɴԴҲˣɴɴڵĹԣǧƵĵҩˣζЧǰĺúܶ࣡
˻ָǧһŵµѧǣǿƵĲֻҪһţָܻ֤ܶܣĲֻҪһǧңƽ¥СӾ
ѧԽԽԾҩ
˵ʲôƽ¥桭һССĵҩӣһ㶼ȥƼҵҩġ
ǼʶǧҩַѾƼҵĵҩôˡ
ǧ˵ǸȥǼСӿĳ嶯Ҳһǧһ㶼ƼҵĻҪ϶ǧһţǮ
ѧǷ׷׵꣬ǧĿҲ
ǧȥǼѲǼ㿪ģ
ǰǲ㿪ģ
ǧתһɲƯĺвʹӶǰǼӾҿģҳէҪ׬άһƣλѧܽǾٺòˡ



697 

ǧϴŹ棬һƤģ
ѧȴĶˣֻҪҩãǲ⽫Ǽƹȥ
ѧǵĸˣƿȴɫڹȻƼ⣿
ˣ
ƿؿȻ뵽ƽ¥ǼСӡǼչģȴĶһֹǰɳȥ˵ڻδѾû˰ɡ
ǧ˵ƿָ⣬ò
ãܺãǼӵĶҾȻֲţԭˣ
ƿ뵽Ǽܵ裬뵽ǼﻹһֻõСϺ꣬ôҲܵˡ
ֻСϺģ
ôһֻꡭƿѪӿ˹ȥ
ǧѩҲòȥһ뵽Ƿﲻҩһ䵤ҩӣͨ˲Ӭһ㣬˶ܼˡ
㲻ôͲ֪ҩһ䵤ҩӣƿҧ޲þʹ˽ǧѩĲŤϡ
ǧѩͷһҲĲͷô֪ǷϲҴţ޶˸Щ
ƿ䣬ûá
ߵýǿǧ̣ʥŮݣ°빦ȴʥŮʵûãֻǰ΢߰һЩˣǸСûģ
ǧѩЦһһʱ̬ʮ㣬ãͲᱻǧˣתɣ
㡭ƿָıӣҪˣ뵽̨Ѿ˱ƵеŭҲɢȥһЩڲ㳳ѾҸıƵʱǧɾͻ군ˡ
棿ǧѩһϲ
ƿ°ͣȻ
Цζȴֲ
ǧȴѾƵĳɷֿһȰǸϿͣ¹ȻôĶ֪
ʱΪǧƣ־Щֹ֡
Ѿͷв𣿡ѳݣײеޣҸǣǲһףǲлȡ
ǧһ̯ЦζҲȡҽþа
ʱһ¡
ʲô˼˵Ѿˣ
ҧɫüΪѿɨǧҪ̻ˣʲô˼вǿΪ˭ƾҲܽǴ򵹲նɱЦЦ
ǧͷһۣƺøΪŨ˼֡
ЦҿɴӲЦ
˱Цɿ飬ָܵɢǿƣס˫һʱЦˡ
˵Ļʲô˼ʲô
еˣǧָ⣬źĵؿ˿ڣǵıƵƿǵİɣǿ֪öƵǾģЧȻôһеĺ֢ȴǾ޴ģӴ
һЩ⣬ȴҲڿЦ
˫ֱӴ˲ʲôģʲô֢ʲô㵹Ǹ˵
ɣǿССıƵĻ
ǽǴүС㣬ϧˡ
ģ̧̌Ƥӣ˫̶Ṵ𴽽ǣŶ֮⣬ûв´ƿƹжȻڵҩмħѪҺħѪҺкǴɷ֮ºȻףȻֻʱģɷܹ֮ܵ˵ģڴ˿̶Щɷ֮һת뵽ǵ
һ˵ɫüΪѿ
˵ãһ˵Ǿ;Щˣֱѹĸо
ȥΣ
ǧƿ꣬ĵͬħڵȥǿɾˣɵɴѾǺõģٲþ͵ñȫʬ¡
ŵ˫ȴǧĻ
ͣ¹һɫǸΣЩɷ֮⣿
ɴɴǼˣҲͣ˹ƣȴǽ䱸ġ
ʵڻоȵġǧؿˣǼᶨĿɲǲţֻҪڿʼҪħҪʱԺϵɷ֮ͻԶ⡣
һ̸ֳϲɫ棿
ȻǧüƭʲôҾǹҲа취Ǵ򵹣ֻҲ뿴ǾôˣҿǺġ
һѧ͵سǡ

Ǻײаɣ



698 ôӮ

˵ͷƺѾͬĻһ¯Ƴôಹһ϶Ƴࡣ
ʱһֱԵҩűƵҲ̫ܳãŻħݽ߶
ǧ˵ǱˣʱȫʬûУҲ̫˰ɣЩµ꣬ʱˢˢƿ棬вһĨ⡣
Ů˸ǱƵģԭΪڰǣ뾹ںǡ
ƼҵŮ˵ǴԺ󿴵ȻҪƵߡ
ƿ汻˿ûҧӭǵĿ⣬Ǳǧ˵˵ƵƲҲ֪Щʲôô˵ͶԸĻء
գգ۾ܾƿЩˣȥ飬ֺɵ
Ѿ˱ƵЩ˸ǵĶ֣ǻȥǴ򵹣ǧ˵ǲ᣿ƿָǧڳ񶾡
Ѿ±ˡ
˶˵ƿ߰ǴŮˣ˵ò̫ÿ̬ܹ黹ǲġ
ڣǰǸʲô
һøɣ
ǻ֣ƿ޲Լȥǧ
ǧܻƿ棬ٿԼüëСǿҧں˵ĻҲҽƵ£ȻûϵħƼ¯ҩأ
ƿһ㶣ڸֳһĨ飬ʲôҩƼҵճŮܵҩǧ˵ʵЩˡ
ǧüͷƺЩ⣬Ƶҩѣֲʲôйֵĵ㿹ܲᱻ˵˰ɣ
ǧ˵˵ƿɫӰ׵࣬Ȼ׺ˡ
ǧһȻҺ˵ͳ±ƵҼʶһ°
ƿƮǲ±Ƶ
ƵеȷħѪҺǳ࣬ȥĻȻк֢ģɵ˲Żֶ
Сԭǲҳ԰ǧ˵ӣŹֵֹģȴ⡣
ƿҧһ仰˵
Уȴ͸һζ˾񿴶ʲôһڵĺԡ
ߣԼƳĶҳԣ˵п϶й
ǧеŵȻôĶ֪
Ƕݺƿһڣ˻ǧм־ԺҪǼӣǵҩĺãҪƼѣҲɵɵĸƼͽˡ
ƼҵЩ˶Ǽ̣
ǧлѣǼʶƼ˵Ķ񶾣û㣬ôĶ֪
ǣƼҲ̫ˣȻڵҩмħѪҺҲ֪еĵҩ᲻ҲħѪҺʵ̫ˡ
һѧҲƼ֮ΪɵˣСƿһۣ˽ָָڳ⡣
ƿ汻ǵŪ÷ǳڣǱǧĻڹŪ飬Ǹƭӡ
ѧ󣬲Цǧ˵͵潫Ƶ°
ƿŵõһҲ˵ˡ
Ҳݺݵƿ棬һʱ˵ϻˡ
Ťͷǧֵǧһ䣬ҲûҪ
˿úܿ˵һԺ̾ʹ̨
ǧ˵ıӰɫЩͣǼɫģ
ǾôӮˣӮĺûʲôɾ͡
ɴɴЩ㶵ġ
ӮˣԴľȫԼѾӮˣղŻѷ֡
ɴɴҲľһǰӮˡ
ƳȴǵһӦ֣ЦøɵһӮˣӮóɣ
ǧǿ˼ۣǲ΢΢һǰӮˣһͦɵġ
ֻܾúȱһʲôһ
ףѾӮ𣿡µӺ󷽴һЩõİЩǧ
ǧվһ࣬ģȥЩ⡣
еһЩЩģ
¿Ͱ͵صͷġǶѾӮˣЩҲòˡ
ЩЧأʧ
֪е뷨ǧļһӦõЩɵúú֪𣿡
ǧ֪˵ʲôˣԭ¡
һʼСӾȥˣһûڸĺҲʱȻͰˡ
±ĵЩ±ƣͷģһСŵġ



699 Ķ

Ӯˣ˾̨׼ˡ
һ̨ǧͱѧǸΧˡ
ѧߴߴŵҩӵ飬ǧһһ𣬻˳һˡ
ȥӵһԽԽãᳬԽƼеλã
һ˶ֺˣƿɫȴԽԽѿ
ҧгݣҲ˲ܽǧŪĶơ
ڵī費۾ЦͻȻһƼС㣬Ҿ㻹ǵúú룬νнȥıԣһֱκˡ
뵽ҪǧĶˡ
ƿ˵̱࣬Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôҪʲôˣҾȸ½Բһƽϡ
īߣ˫ĺڣϸżֹܵζϣסԼĻݹҲ
ƿԼָ⣬һʱомֺ֮⡣
īֿһۣŽĿ˻
ѹʧƿ˿
ûãƿǶӵıԾͿʼˣǶԴһͦŵĶ飬Ź˰ʱǾӮˣӮɡ
ǧƿıӰǲ˼֣ҲӮˣ˵жĸʻǵĶϣ
ղŵ飬˶ƿӡ󶼲ǺܺãȻ˳ԸıƵֱЫĳ
ǶϣҶҪƿʰһƽҾͿᣬû뵽Ȼ񶾡Ƴͣر뽫ƿһ١
ɴɴԴһۣͻȻī軹ͦȻƿһʱ򶷵ʱ΢ɣɣƿǧѩ
˴˹ʶ˲ЦЩա
²֪ʲôһվڽ䴦ɪɪ
ж鶼ˣǾʤߺʤߵıԡٴ̨ʱǧɣΪǶϵһ֧ŵĶ顣
һƿѾѧˣ޲ýԼĴڸУĸóʲôƵһǧӮøˡ
İû֮أŴǣһվڽ䷢
ǧҲû˵һֱ̨ϵıԣܻĶ֡
Щѧ츳ȻԼǲһЩǧõĻĶ֡
磬֮ıҪˡ
µ֧飬һ֧ǧǣһ֧ƿǵġ
֧鶼һ·նģʵǿ
ÿ鶼ˣʮˣþѰҲͲʮЩ˼á
ǧȾһۣ˿°ͣƺʲô顣
ܾûô򵥣ȾҪˡ
Ȼǧ²ⲻֻȾ˵֧ǿߣǼҪֳߵͲУһʤĶʱþɨĶ͵ʱȥ
һ˾Ҳ˵
ѧԺԺĸȾ˼
ȾҲǹŹ֣ǲҪĺá
ǵıȻȾһֵ˵ⳡǿɵúúõıȣʱɲˣһñȫˣʱĶɾ͵ùˡ
ǧһ飬Ⱦ飬Դ̼ǡ
ĻԺֱ£
ȾվԭûǳߴٵǿЩȥ̨ϰɣվ͵ðѱԱ꣬վܿþˡ
֧ڶˣһ̨֮ϣվм˺óһξ룬·ϵĳ֮硣
ǵ̨ӣҩ̨̨
ǧ̨ӿһۣŷѾʼˣַͦ
ǧƿͻȻڣûʦ츳õҩʦҩ
ǧŽĿͶƿϣôȣ
ĶѶƿҲǿԵġ
ƿ֮֮ɫһǵĶѾͻῪʼ򶷣򶷹ˣǲԴĵҩֻƵĵҩ
ǧüʾ˵ȥ
ƿһЦɷǾͱ˭Ƶĵҩܿöѻָ״̬ǷֳʤǾͲֹͣҩһͣ¾ˣ˾͵ôӦӮһ˵Σ
Ե˼һ̲ͣƵҩ
ڿռ䱦ʱ򣬾һֱƵҩһ̶ͣģȷͷֱԣ
ƿɷģҲЩͣǧ̫ˡ



700 Ȳ֪һһ

ɰⳡԻͦ˼Ҿ㡣ǧ鵭Ŀȴƿϴš
ƿһгӣҲаǧ޴
һССĽҩʦҲҺԣʱôĶ֪οⳡսûʱǲģǧĽҩʦһ̲ͣƵҩ
ʱû˰ɡƿЦĵ⣬ǧĿһһ
úú룬һúʲôҪ
ǧЩͷƤ飬һʱΪѾ˰ߣֻĴѡ
ܿĻǧƿ˫˫̨Կʼҩ
ƿ洦ҩݵַǼΪģһǧȾԵЩƽˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ǧۻңҸַҩݵַˣҲҳһЩ覴
ѧǼˣƿˡ
ƿҩ츳õ𣿿ôǧһͷȲϡ
ҲôãƿɣʵͦõģһǧԵƽӹˣǸ߽ҩʦҸϲĽ׵ǧ
ʵɣǧǸ̬߽ȥܺƿһ¯Ƴʮŵҩ𣿡
⻰һ˵ѧǶʱˡ
ǰƿһ¯Ƴʮŵҩ
ܣȫܣƿߵȼҩʦҲˣǧǸ̬һı̬
ѧǧƿһ㽫ҩ˵ϣƽżҩ
ʱǧѾҩݶ뵤¯пʼˡ
ƿҧҧи˼ּС
Ϊٶ죬׷ϰǧܵʲôȻԵõҩоһκҩʱʹ෴Ӧ
ƿȴЩʹġ
ͲҷģһʼҩˣӾͱЩȣǰҲкˮð˾񱻽ˮһһϵЩʪˡ
ѧǿǧٿƿ棬ܾ˵ıǸǴһ͵Ĵš
찡˵ıȫͬƿıʹడǰЩҩҲ˵ġ
ҩʱܷģ΢Щʹ࣬ǡǧȫӰ죬ôоһаĴҿ
̬
¡
ⲻȲ֪һȼֱˡ
ƿǸŰɣɺǧһȣֱ
ѧȥƼҩһľһô׷Ƽҵĵҩ
ʱƿûϵħŵҩѧ˵òѪҲһ߻ħˡ
ЩƼҩʱͰڳһֺõӣһģǶġ
ƿɫѿ쳣ټҩʱʹ࣬ŤˣҹĹȣֵѧǶЩ¡
С㣬Ƶĵҩ׺ûãҶŲסˡǶеһŮƿ濴ȥ
Ųסˣĵȼߣܽ뵽Ҳȫǵ̣񣬶֮˹ңٲԵҩĻֻ»ħݽ߶
֪ͲƿǧԣʹˣܿȴǼѡ
ƿҧЩɳƣٵһ㲻Ҫߣҩʱɻ˴ߴˡ
ŮǣҲֻӲˡ
ʱһŨҩζֻǧǱ߶Ѿҩƺˣһ¯ʮţԲӨĲУɢֻһű˻ˬ
ѧѾ𾪣ڵľ
ô̬ŲʱѾһ¯ҩټһ¯ôţƿӮͦѵġ
ƿҲ֪ԼӮѣֱӼ˼ֱ֣ߵĵ¯Ҳ㱻򷭡
С㣬û°ɣŮֿһ䣬۾һֱֻ¯¯еҩǴҲ̫ϧˡ
ҶĶ鶼Ѿƺһ¯ҩƿ澹һ¯ҲûƳ
˵ƼҵճŮƿҩ츳
ֻǴ󰡣
Ů̽ı飬ƿҧһû£˵ˣٺ˵ҶҪˡ
Ů죬ƿҲ͸һĨͷ
ƿҧҧҩ
ʱԺƳһ¯ǣһ¯ҲŶѣŵͽףһнףÿŵƷʶڰʮϣǧһȼֱʮǧ
ѧǼһ꣬ƿֱ˼֡
߽ҩʦȲĽҩʦһʮǧ֡ƼҲƿ涢ѧǱĵ񣬽ŲѣƵŲǿЩ²ħɡ


701 

ŮӹҩԺһھȥȥԺħȷǻָˣЧôá
ǧѩҲֽӹ
ֻţīֻһˣƿ濴һۣϸ߰ǶԲסˣֻţƺһ¯ٸɺã
īһۣһֱǵЦɢȥС㣬ҾЩǲҳ԰ɣһЩʲôǾͲˣ԰ɣ
һֹƿɫµҩҲһɫ
ʲôɡ˿ɫ޲ýȥĵҩڳϧҩѾȫգҪڳΰɡ
ƿҧĿЩģǱҸûڵҩмʲôҲֻһ˵ѣǧˡ
ûмӣŮһ䡣
ƿɫûмӣƭʲô
īվһЦš
ԾЩţɫġ
İɣûڵҩмħѪҺʱһŮ·ִһƽħеǵҲ˲ɢˡ
ɵǳԴȥʱֳǧ
˿̣ŵҩе˵ǸʵģЩǷ⡣
ǧѩǧһ뵽ҩҩ츳ܱƿ滹ҪãЩˡ
ҧǧǰ̣зżԲҩܽЩҩٻ֧ǻֱ
ǧѩŪŴǣںһִȣ߲
ৡһһдħǧѩŵڣħĻ̨֮Ͼѩѩ֮оż̡
Щ˸ҫ⣬ᡱȻ߾ˢˢǧǰ̹ȥ
ã
ҪٵǧƳĵҩ
ѧǼĶᵽɤˣǧǱ߸ûţǧѩҪЩҩٻҪ̫򵥰
ѧǾĵʱ漣һĻˡֻǧٿڳ棬ȣ·ת˲֮Ѿշڻ˸ɾ
ˮû£ˮƮˡѧȻɴ۾һı鿴ǧ
ۿ
ҩʱ򾹻ܷĿƻȥˣҩʦ
ȫܺ
ǧһ̬
ѧѾȫ۷ǧʯȹˣǧѩҲһ˲ҡͷɫҰֽ
ܣܡǧѩ߽ôҩʱطҵĹ˵ҩʱܷĵ𣿡
ƿҲû뵽ˣɴ˫һʱ֪ηӦ
Ů˺ǿҲ£ҩ츳Լ֮ϡȻϣ뷨һֱԴŪȫˡ
صɫǧϵĻҳЦȰòҪˣʲôСֶΣҵĻǲ۾ģһƯɾͲˡ
棡
ȫǳľ棡
ƿǧѩһʱ֪˵Щʲô
˳ĬǧۺɫСǳȴִżֹܵɫʣС㣬㲻˵Ҫұҩ𣬿˿Ϊͣˣ𣿡
˵䣬ǧƺһ¯ҩʮţƷʵȼʲôıһ¯ҪãÿһŶǾƷ
еذŪŸƺõĵҩƿιȥ˵˵ҿûҪʲôģҲϹһЩһ͵ÿˡ
ƿҧǲһĽҩʦһ̲ͣƵҩ츳ΣȼӲˡ
ƿü֮һš
ǧһۣϵЦԣС㿴ȥš
ǧɿشҩݣͿٽҩݶ뵤¯У˵Ѹȴû£ҩݣҩֱĿ
ƼҵճŮҩţȻŷǳƿ̧°ͣȥԽʮ㡣
ǧʼ磬ûٹʼҩˡ
Լӣƿɫٴα˱䣬ȴָֺܿƽ
ֹ˰ʱǧƺһ¯ҩ
ʮţԲǳƷҲãѧǿֻģһŰ
ǧŪϵĵҩþͿЩҩֱߵҩ֤ͦ࣬ǳԸ
ɴɴڷУһ˵ҲŵǰץһѵҩУ͸һһһͽ
ļ˼ˣüĲ塣
ߵҩѾȫˣжǱߵҩ͸ǹһץһһѵĸͳԲꡣ
Ǻǣ˱ˣ


702 ޱȵĿռ

С㣬᲻ҩ涼Ƴô൤ҩôͲţŮЩˣŤͷһؿƿ档
ƿ涥Ÿѹڽڶ¯ҩƺˣֻţٵÿֵġ
ҪҩͶҿһ㡣ƿü߸ϵƼҵճŮ
ŮӹҩʲôҲû˵ر
ƿüƵҩͻȻ뵽ôȥҲһ취
Ǻĵ𣬿ЩѺЩĲ취ⳡԽСƿָϵĿռָǵýָкһģƻǿ
ⱦõǧϣŮҪ군ˣ
ƿ۲˸һɲǱüΪ
ſռָһ뵽ǧܻᱻⱦŪ˷ܵػ
ҩǧüܾƿЩԾ
ѲɣʲôŹˣ
ǧɫشͷȴֹš
ƿ湴˹ǣЦЩһ־ʹӿռָͳһŹֶǶᣬһЩžɻƣֻǿһ۾;ùǳ
ǧҲеĶȻ֪ʲô¶ΣϢֱԲʲôö
ƿеĺɫϵЦԡ
ʱǧѩǿеĶʱ˲产Ȼ
ɫĶǿռ򣿡죬ôĶôƿУ
ǧѩſˮһʱ侹Щûжԣ
ƿ棬ⶫʲôīеĶ˲ǳѲɣⶫȥǧɣ
ƿ湴ЦⶫȻӮ
īüԸ˭
ƿǣЩȲ°
īɫ谵޲һĹȥȰôͷȻܳеġ
ƿߣһ޿ֵģī裬㻹浱ȸ½Ҹ㣬Ƽǵݣǵ㾯ûãֱ˵˰ɣҾҪⶫԸǧôţ
īü־ҪȥеĿռ
ǡƿƺֱַһͽռ˳ȥһĨΪЦߣǧȥɡ
ƿһߺȣͶĿռͻȻѿ顱ЩƬܿںһǲںϣӶγһޱֿնĿռ䡣
ռ֮죬ںڵðЩҡҡҷҷ𣬷·һקڿռ֮С
Ǹռһֱǧͷ˸ЩҲͼǧ
ڵĿռ䣬ĺ֡ѧǼͱŻˡ
ǿռɡ˭Ҳ֪浽ʲôΪһڿռɵԶҲˣĶҲΪƿֶ
Ťͷƿ棬ܾŮЩ¡
ƿȴ˵뷨һ˷ܵضǧֻҪЩֽק˿ռ䣬Ů˾군ˣ
ʱЩǧƣۿҪקȥˡʱ򡭡һƴৡһƷ۵⣬ת˲֮䣬ƻһ͸־޴ϽǧС
ǧ˼ҪͻƣͻȻһƳ֣ĸ˰أ
ŤͷһܿͽĿϡ
ֻлһЩϸСƣÿƶΪ£ҲܸܵɢϢǿӡ
Ѳɣ¶ģ
ǧüϵĶƷǳţƣЩ̽һͷҲǴ˿̣Ƕ¸Ĺ˲١
ӵмõ츳ȴһֱڳһģǿӲһЩĻԺĳɾͶȻ
°ŪŻаһǧĿ⣬ͽͷȥһģرͷۡ
ǧηء
ǧջĿʱֽͷ̧ǰĺɫռ䣬üͷɽһ
óĿռ䰡İӦܽٵɡ¿еİһԶȫͶ˳ȥ
顱
İɢĹâƿնȥһ˲佫ɫռ̴һ޴ƶ¶ʱǧ·ɫռдҽ
ף
ռ仹ǻģۣ
ǧ÷˼֮Ҳ˺档
ܿƶƣĻٴ׼ʱʱϵĻڵϸߣһӾͽǰĺɫռɡ


703 

һͻȻ˻δӦʱһΪҵĽǸռڽУеüΪңҲڽŤΣֱ뻯ȥ̳ʧ
ˡһǿźɫСӵڵأѣ·ֻҪһͻɢǲˡ
ǧŵϵС򿴣ýߣٿСѣֱء
üýŲȥι£ЩĺܲİҲڵһʱǸɫռ䡣
ͷСǵͨ죬Щϲ
䣬ǧֽĿͶƿϣռˣС̫ˣôСֻʲôԸأ
ƿסôû뵽ռô
ôŪһ£ûˣˣ
׻˵ռΣһξͳױˡǿռ̫ϣǧ̫ǿأ
ƿҧһʱҲ˵һȻ
ƿĬǧϵЦС㶼ʹԸˣǲұˣҲգҩѾƵù࣬Ҳˡ
ƿһ㶣ĵһĨõԤðΣ
Ȼ롭ǧüһһβƿɫЩԣźĵؿ˿ڣô࣬ǲһ£ܻЩԲ㣬ҾҪˣСɵúú׼ǡ
ǧ㡭ƿᡣ
ǧֵڴ䣬꣬С˵Ĺ򻹲εطҵķɡ
ƿ汾ˣӿĻȴС
ȣֺ̡Ȼ¶˻
ûһƿϵ·ͱƸɾһӱ²òƿɫһæסص㲿λ
ǧһħͬʱһֱӽƿ߷ɵ̨ϡ
ءƿƺһֱĽųˤڵء
һǱƿ棬ǧпǳСʲôýŰݵذ𣿡
һѧǴЦ
ݵذ
Ҳǧó֣ǷĽųƣ׾ǧ
ܴЦƿɫһӾˣæӵּԼڣߵͨ졣
һжǧģǸΪʲôôΪʲôȥ
ԲС㣬ҵţԲôģǲʧ˰ǧӸµضƿ棬͸˫ܿ뷨
ƿҲһ
Ů˻
ǧٹܵµƿ棬ǽĿͶǧѩϣѾСȥˣأ仹Ǽ򣬲ΣǶ㵽׵ġ
࣬īʧЦһѾͷһҲ顣
ˣ䣬ôҿ϶򲻹īʼ磬¹ϲЦݣһ㣬ֱ̨
ӡǧѩæǽסī裬ȴѾˡ
ҧһѿ쳣
Ҳ֪򲻹ǣʼҲˡ
̨ϾʣǧѩŮ
أ仹Ǽ򣿡ǧµؿǧѩ
ǧѩҧɫһһƺʲôҪ򲻹ǧټǧ߻ôѣӲӲֻбķݡ
ֻܡ䡭ǧѩҧ˵仰ʱƺԼе
ǧüĿ䣬ֱһƣǾʥŲ̊ɡ
ʥŮ
ô̵ĳƺǧѩƺԺŤˣԼ
ˣˡǧѩ˸һֲܽǧΣֻӲͷƤ̨£ȥԺŮҲȥ
һʱ̨Ͼʣǧǣ˵ӮˣõʱþѰ
ð̫ˣ
ȾýζͻȻʤѾֳˣһǷܾЩζˣȻʤѷ֣սþʱǾʱɡ
һϽ¶Ц⡣
ǿˣƿȴ˫ࡣ
Ϊʲô
츳˵ҩʦΪһǧȲΪʲô
ƿᳶϵֱײǧѩתˣÿǰ
ǧѩײø첲ۣƿ뿪ķ֮һĨܶ
ۿԽѧҲɢȥǧ·ϵĻҳתͷʹ̨ȥȥ֮ӻ֣ۣȻȥϢˣԱ㡣
˵ţͰԭ·ء
μˣҲ̧Ÿȥ
һصסУξͷֽǧѹľϡ


704 ϲ

ǧգգ۾һ̧۾Ͷ˫纣ӣΣʲô
ǿˡ
´ۣǳʵûˣ
ղǸɫռͻȻʱͷֱӲһ£µıǺ£ǱռУǻὫƿʬΡ
ûˣءǧȻַ˸ŵǣŨңֻҪһ۾ܿ
ղҺܵġšüеĵôҲʲȥ
ǧ΢΢һɷӳԺȴЦüΪãôԼˣΣ̫Сˡ
šüû˵
Ҳ֪˶ãȥֱסǧĴꡣ
ǵúܳһ˵Ϣ˲ͽǧȫĺȥ
ĺǿơǧΪԼҪϢʱ򣬷ڽſˡ
ǧһ˿Сģŷˡ
̲סһѣǳ漴˹ʰһ£һҡ
ңǧסЩԡ
νëѾլӣ㲻Ҫլ𣿡
ǧŴǣһʱ侪ϲǳû뵽λǵĻٶȻ죬ֱ˵ǵĸоá
ǧλУ˼£ðǰң˼֮ʲôʲôˣð
ϿһۣЩ죬Ҳ֪뵽ʲô۵顣
ʰ궫˾׼ȥլǱ߿
լӵضκܲ˵ʤİϲ徻֮ˣլǸضȻǻϲġ
լӺֺܴɣǸȣͨĵҲһ˵ĸо
ǧլӼΪ⣬ŤͷʵլӲȻ˲ٽҰɣ
Ȼϵ˳Ⱦ죬լӵ˼ŽլǱҡ
ǧǻǱˡ
ЦǳҲ
ǧĴιţȥ˸һ䷿С
ǧŽյķţҲ֪νȥʲôҪɾɣĴ˹䡣
乻ˣǧֻصǷſڣλδԺеʯϣ˳ȷγ
֨߹һűˣ漴һ󱡺ɵζڱǼܡ
ǷϵζԴ뿪ȸ½ԺʹδŵˣȻҲͷһ𣬿ΪԼݣȻϵζŪŻ㡣
ȻҲͦŵģϰ߱ɵζ
ͷǰһ£Ҳôģ񿴵ʲô˼Ķһ
ôˣߵǰֱζ޼ɵ
ǧȻ˿εľޡ
Ѿɫ˻ɫۡ
׷˿Ʈ裬žӳ¸ƲĿ⣬ǧĿ⻺ƣ䵽ǰ״ϡ
ǰţǰǰ䣬żͣůҲøӺÿˡ
ķΣüÿ
뷿оΪ˻·ǧָָţͻȻַеɧ
ε˫繣žգЩǧмܲסϲ𣿡
ǧ̿ˮ͵ЩƣϲôÿȻϲġ
΢䴽ǣһ˲֮ѩڣٻš
ǧָ⣬һĴʦǳǳһЦϵһϯƮȻرˣ
ֻȥˡ
ܱܲЦģ̧̌Ƥӣƽûôо
ΪʲôãȻϲ
ǧᳶ°ڣѹ˶ЦȥһƲסԼ
ƲסԼԣ
ʲôЩ죬ȴɫɣ㸹лкӡ
ǧգգ۾ͻȻôԴǵķκеɰɰ£Σ°ɡ
ΣǸȥ
ǧ˴ƣһӾһӾͽñΣɲ㣬ûһҪֵ˼
ǰûô֣ʲôĵȻҲʹ
Ǳȸ½֪ĿпɼĴʦƤһȥ϶ᱻϹ۾İɡ
ǧ˫΢΢΢̵Ĵĺ顣
μ˸ˣҲ˼֡
Σÿǧһһ߻ڲ̾Ҫʱȴһ
ǧʶͣ¾ٶЩɻؿš
ǲŸհѣô˹ݷˣ
֡


705 

Ҳţ˫žǳǳţŵӦҹȥš
ҹ
ԣ˵ҹȥ½ˣѾҲûˡ
ǧȹվҲȥ
εǣֺ֣СֻҪһ¾ȫס
˺ܿߵſڣŴʱǧ濴ҹվſڣһ糾͵ӣɴź£ޱ顣
ӣˡҹ˸Žլڣֳ˿һۣŷǣֵġ
Ӻͷ˺ͺˣ
ҹ˵һԶһĨ⣬˺ͺҲο
ˣţϵĺɫ۷裬һɲǣƮɢڿУ쳣
ˡҹ룬ֵǱߵ˻ϣӹȥһˣǲȥҲӵĲѾˡ
δ˳Ľëţ̧۵һĨţϾҾòΪһͻȻȻš
ӵ˼ǣҹš
ǳǳǱȥɡ
ǧοһۣȻЩµ˼׵ġ
˵ЩӦþ½Щˣ˵ЩʱЩ⣬źǱ˵Ĺϵá
ǺãЩ᲻ȸ½Σ
񣬷Ҫ½ȥˣ
Ҫ½ȥǧüš
οͷţҪȥ
ǧ̯֣Ǳȥɡ
ζü֮ƺЩᣬǣ㡣
ǧһ£û뵽λôճˣô죬ÿɰˡҾҪȥþѰˣһȥҲ֪òܻԳô˻½һˡǧ˵ţĿȴڷϲš
Ҳô˻Щ
Գô˻ὫȻڳʱˡ
ãġγһǳһЩ⣬쳣
ǧһ;û飬䶼컳ˡ
ҹһı鿴ŷΡ
ڵЩӵ׷ʲô
Ϊӱ˺öࣿ
ǰ߸ϵˣͺ׹˷·𶮵伲࣬ϲŭ֣Ҳ
δģȴ˸оС
ǧûע⵽ҹıһŷξоȥͷȥ˵
˺ܿ뵽ڡ
ǧԴֵȥ½Ҳ֪ղܻһᾡ콫鴦ãʱûң˵һ½ԭصұá
ǧüֻۣеǵҪοˡ
ŷεָҲŲԭصȣûлȥ½ɺã
ζû˵
ǧüֵһδȥ½ȥʶһӦÿ԰ɣ
գգ۾˫֮ͻȻˮ󣬿ȥ峺쳣ر޹
ֱܲ飬ֻܵͷ
ǧһʲô´½һκ񾭲סָо
֪ЩʲôһСӣε֡
ǧһû֡
ƺֻڷǰŻСһֵģΪ˺ܰ·ʲôһ
ܰĸоҲĸů˼֡
ôᣬҹοΣΪһرߣ
һŷֿˡ
ҹˣ˿
ǧȹվҿҪ̸ȻطϢˣܴ̫Щˡ
ȥɡοǳˮ
ǧ˷䣬Ų߳
һȥһĿá
һ˯˹ȥҲ֪˶ˣǱѵġǧŶȥѰʳ
һŵһʳζ
ϤζǷĲˣ
ǧŤͷַǰ֮һСˣȫԵĲˣζʳָ󶯡
Էγ֣߻֣һʱ侹ƮƮ
úҲǧ˷£ϵЦӳѬůƻ£ǱĳʣҵȾ𣿡
ҡҡͷȾŵƻĽëµ˵ĹΡ
ǧ΢䣬רĳ
ξеĳĿҪ
վһԵҹ˶ˣҲ˵λˣеһĨ綼ҹЩëȻġ
ӣ˲ϰߡԺ÷ֽլڵķʰ˳լеķ࣬λϲǧסһ䣬ƾ˵ûҪŵ˼



706 ƾʲô

ǧΣֻĬΪ
ͷɫģ˺ڴϣһֱ̣νǧڻС
ǧһ㶣ŵϵı㣬ֻ÷ⰲģ˯Ҳӿв˲䣬ûþ˯˹ȥ
ο˯գ˫˼֡
峿ǧ緹;ȥѧԺվҪþѰˣ˾ʲôһǳ
ǱȾˣСӣҲǳǳ
ҪȥѧԺأھͻ½𣿡ǧ׼š
㡣䣬ǧתߡ
ǧԴһ£̲סʵôȥˣ㲻𣿡
λͷǧ˿費ͣ˫¾ͬɣãֻȥѧԺѣ㱻Ҳûʲôȸ½ĴʦѲɾͲѧԺˣ
ǧһϣĿŵ˵ҲеǾͬһȥɡ
䣬ǧתתһܻǧѩǧѩרȥѧԺȻ
ϴǧѩǧ䣬ǵء
һ룬ǧͷ̡
ܿ˾ѧԺУΪ˵ĴʦѧԺһվѧǴ
죬Ǹ˭ÿÿɣüĿ续ƸǾһͺǿ
ǰ¡Ǹ˵еĴʦɡ
ȸ½δʦ½֪Ϊţư
ѧߴߴ֮ͣҲЩβסĳݡ
ֻ˵Σȴûαˣǲ֪ʲôΪˣĸӵķʤΣ
ǧѧѱüһомԺ
ķӵĸף
Ҳȫȫ
νַԴţȥͬӵѧϰɡ
ǧʢ˹ʡ
ѧǿ˵ľٶֻúһĹֱġ
ʲôϵΪʲôȥôܣ
ǰоܵӣʦ˾ΪˣԴΪǸϲŭɫˣǧʱѩڣоӡ
˵ʦȢһλŮӣλŮӺǧ
һѧ֪ʲôϵˡ
ԭǷްֲãֲáǿȥ䣬ֵƷʲôġ
ʱѧǵﵽһ߷塣
ǧѩ͸͸ѧǵЩ棬˲Ŀ⣬ʱ˾ԭء
ǴʦΪλڴ˵أ
ǧѩſˮǿţ·Ҫһ㣬ɵǧ˵˾ըһɫҲòҰޱȡ
ôѧԺĿľΪǧ
Ӳû
ΪǧʱƫôᣬѲɣǧģ
ǧѩҧгݣֻǻ֮һŭ˫ȭ޲ȥǧ
ƾʲôܵõεģƾʲô
ǧѩŷΣ֮оޣҲһĨҪΪе̰ƿصģ
ҧܷǳ
ǧиӦһӺǧѩĿˣĿдżԹǳª
Ȼȥɣȥѧǻˡǧ˵ţֻϣοЩ뿪ģŲ뱻ǧѩװ׿ȥ
Դת뿪
һߣѧԺŻָԭеѧδզզͣҲת뿪ˡ
ǧһƳͷǧѩվԭأ֮һЩճյġ
ü̧˹ȥǧѩʱδֱͣ˹ȥ
ǧѩȻ񣬼Լˣǻ֮ڵŭŨأǧվס
ǧЦػعͷôˣ
Ǵ˺Ƥˣ
ģ̌°ͣϸһȣôˣʥŮ
ǧѩ²òǧǹİɣ֪֪ʦƽæģ㾹ѧԺ㻹˽ʮ㰡
ǧĻЦˣųڷȥȥѧԺ˵ƤҲ̤һ
԰ҾǹġǧüϵЦԣôһȻҪóһˣȴʲôôУ㼵ˣŻŻң𣿡
ǧѩһԣǼʣԲŻ˵ġ
˵˵ǧѩ˫࣬Ȼгˣϻǲϳϣ㻹һ˽Ůˣ㣬ƾʲôôʦã
˵ǧѩŨŨĴζ



707 ֵѩ

ǧۣĺ֮кֳһĨЦƣƾʲôƾǧҺ޹أΪǧ
䣬ǧѩһŤ
ھԼҪ
ԽԽˡ㻹ʲôûҾˡǧһ٣ֵ˲֪ĻΪǹҵģ˭ʱþء
ǧѩ󣬲Ż
ǧܵһתˡ
ǧѩ뿪ıӰֻԭضš
ѧԺյشǧֶĳԱѾǱߵˣϽԹ˷ܵɣþѰǼΪĵġ
ǧ˵ڻþҵö𣿡ɴɴˣæЦӭȥ
ֻҪûôܹѰһġǧ˵
ɴɴ󣬴ǲ𣬡ţҲΪģͻȻúýš
ǧǣȵһȥԺûʱҪˣϾȥѰģȥġ
ɴɴͷæߵһߵȥˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãȾǻλˣ߱ߴǷһұӺݵĵǶΪǴ򿪻þš
һϵ˷ɫʸŨˡ
ȾӶſһɲǼ䣬ڶڴ죬ȫʧֻһصʯǰ
¡һ
Ҳ֪Ⱦʱ˻أʯžˡ
صĿûͷȴ˸˷
һʯűȫ򿪣һ˲þڵɫӳУһɾĵطվͷҲ׿Ĳס
ǻþӵбĻþƯĻþǰǲûжǾȴȾȥ˵Ļ
ȾǿһֵۣþѰΪʮ죬ʮǻһֱڻþþбԵҲΣգӦҪʿɶֹǧ𱻱Ի˫ۡ
˵ͷȻʿɶֹҪΪɹġ
Ⱦ˶٣ֵʮ֮ǻûҵҲټˣʱǻὫһͳȥʮʱҪϧ֪𣿡
֪ˡ˵ͷͬ
Ⱦʯϣ޹ǣȻ֪ˣǾͿɣʱԺһ֧ҪˣʱǿҪѰ
һƬ̶ҵ飬ֱӾͽ˻þС
һ뵽棬ܸĿͷ
ɽˮƣɾ
ǧɴɴһ˷ܣתͷȥǧ˵ȴǧͲˣǧأ
֪ԴЩãȻ
ѾˣˡŴ˵˿ڡ
ɴɴͱ˱⣬ʲôѾߵˡҲ⣬ڿʼǲǶѣǶֻ֣һ˭õ˭ġ
һߣǷɢߣԴգʡ
ɴɴ̯֣һ߰ɣ˭֪ʲôΣա
Ƴհѽ̧ȥ˻Ҳԣδ֪ĵطһжõˡ
ҲûһֻӵС
ʱ
뿪󲿶ӵǧѾ˻þ
ҲŴ󲿶ߵģɲ֪ģܸоþٻȻٻ֮ûԼһжȽϺá
ŲЩ˵ƷǾû鷳ˣɡ
ǧһ㣬þȥ
˿ڵλǸС֣֮ľïܣ̫âͷ£̾ͽ⴦Сյõġ
ˣΣҲǱǧǣһǲҴ⡣
һһǰţٿһϤϤڶ𣬺ǴӶԴģǧ˫һݣ漴ŷ
ϤϤĻʲôأ
ǱҲаħޡǧȡŵ˹ȥ
ԣԴȥֻһɫѩĵбQQһŤͷһԻĻۣȻQȥֵͦġ
ǧǶѩͻȻѩͦ죬ƺһ
СѾͷ㵱Ȼⶫ˰ôӿռë׵צţⲻǧѩû뵽Ȼֵط
ǧѩܰ׵ǧѩ
ϴҩϾ͵õһ䣬ѾԵˣٴμû뵽һģŵıѩ࿴۾мֿɰ
û뵽ǧѩϴģѾ˰ɡǧǶѩлȣǽڿռ˵ܻ𣿡



708 ޳

Ȼܻĺɫ˫ҲűѩţþȻ㣬ҲȲϿռ䣬ǿռһõطħ޺ֲϲȥĵطˡ
ǧá
û뵽õôһţƵĿ
ѩȥץǧ°ͣÿռջԹԾͷİɣ
ҲɡÿǧһۣСѿȥǶֲӦйͬɡ
ǧСѿСѿҪȥҰ¡
Сѿ֪ǧҪʲô̳ѩȥ
ߣѩЩų;裬ĶֲͬѩϵľҲͺ˼֡
ʲôŵϵϢǻþеľɣ
ֲ߱춹Ӵ
ֲ˵ţպͦõӡ
Ҳ֪Сѿͱѩ˵ʲôѩԥ˼룬ǸСѿĽŲǧǰ
ǧѩˣЩ棬Сѿ׺˵ʲô
ѩŻ䣬ƺڴǧϵƣڿһ޴ķһ
һ仨ˡǧ򴽣ЩЦá
СѿˣǧѩͻȻһͦŮ֮лżָ䣬ͦ㷶ġ
ǧͷԣǡ
ѩһٴοڵСѿ˵һռ䣬ͦʺֲﰲҵģУƺҪõң
û˼أǧգգ۾ֲָͬ˵ͦ˼ģֲﶼͦȵġ
ҵȻҪˡѩҲ⣬Ҿߡ
ǧ΢䣬һıѩɣȥҵĿռɡ
һ֣ѩԶ뵽˿ռС
ѩͦʲôռģһ޴ʲôö
һ뵽棬ѩ仨
طð㣬ĺʺֲ
Ǽأҩݣ棬϶ܽˣʱöͻַǷˡ
ѩһţQţһһò
ڴʯͷϵĺһˣ˲ϳ
ռطѩûһš
ôط㻹𣿡ǧӿռ⴫
ѩҲǰǰˣд˷ֺܺãطܺã̫ˣҾҪط㽫ҸϳȥҲ뿪ġ
ǵˣ
ǧЩЦã˲Ƥ⻹˼
û˵Ҫϳȥǧ˶٣ֵˣҲķ˰ɣΪǲǸøһЩô
ѩһ㶣Ҫʲôô
뽫Ļժɡʹġ
þӦúɣǧš
ѩͷţڻþģȻ졣
ǧһ˫ų⣬񵽱ˣ
ӦúϤþرĵطɣȻķǲǸøҴ·أǧյţǳ쳣þΪѰģһ·ʱ򣬿ҪҴĵط
ѩЩɣһ뵽˻㲻Ҳôһ󱦱ҵıӦҲֵġ
ɣҴȥұѩһڴӦˡ
ǧЦЩ޼ɵ
óǧȥͻȻЩ޳ܣջôһ󱦱󱦱·ҵһЩ
޳ܣ̫޳ˣ
һ̾СЩġ
ǧһƿԴϡ
ЩίͰ͵ġ
ǧߣһƬҩݣҪ𣿡ѩһ䡣
ǧͷҪҿռطһЩҩҲǿԵġ
Щҩݱƿ濴ȻҲὫǲɻȥȻܰװױƿ棿
þ棬ǧȻһƬҩҩӭҡҷţȥд侫ǳ
ǧϲó߾ͽһҩժռУûҩеҩݾͱժɾֻʣһЩδС硣
С磬ҩݾͲ֣ͦġ
ҩݻʲôǧһ䣬˵аĶ
ﲻԶĵطиɽѩͣ˰Σ˵һ䡣
ɽʲôǧ¡
ѩ룬ͳɽһϳ˹ӣЩܰ˽ףζҲǳ
ܰ˽׵Ĺӣ
ǲ̫ҪģǷŵ᳡ܴ׬һʣ
һ룬ǧ͸õЩˡ



709 һֻ׶~

ǿ̽ǧ뷨ѩٴ˵ãһֻΪײеħ޿ŹժӾͱֻħޡ
׵ħޣǧһ䡣
ѩҡҡͷ֪ͦҲͦģطСħ޶ȻȻҲͳ鷽İ
ǧ°ͣȸָ·ҿֻħԺ㡣
ѩͷָ·ԺͲ˵ˡ
ǧߣܿͿһһɽɽΧƺЩѪգһЩ򶷵ĺۼ
ף
˽ȵǽժˣ
ô£ɽôˣѩҲǾ
Ƚȥǧڶתһ;ȥŸһ̤뵽棬һɸΪŨҵѪζ
ϵѪջδɺԣ򶷷ڲǰ
ɶƬ·ȵִģɴɴǸܹ˵Ļ˭
ҺŵǸϢӴѩᵽڵϢͻȻ֣²
İǧЩ档
ѽѩþжϱĸλÿλһǸڸԵУͳ˧ԼеСħޣռűַͦƽģǸ֣ϲƱĵطİ
ǧ󣬾Щ˼顣
þеЩħ˼ѧʵ۵ף
ⲻֵɱˣ
˼
˵ⷬɵģǧ뵽Ѩ棬Ѫζˡ
ѩͷţ϶Ҷŵĳζˣᡣ
ǧ뵽Ѩһֻ׶̱ڵϣѩ׵ëƤȾѪĸиѪǳ
໣Ƕİû뵽˳𣿡ѩ໽ƺЩô
ǧϵܺô
ѩŻ꣬ĹϵȷƽҲչңɻ۸ҳԡ
ǧЦʡ
ѩˣܾ𣿡
ǧ˿ڣ̫󣬡ЩҩӦܲȵġ
ܾܲƬϤӦܴȥҵ౦ġѩʵСһСǧˡ
ǧҲͦȣû뵽һֲҲô塣
ҲǲԣҲҾȰǧָŵ׶ʱְ׻תѣһ䱸ؿǧ
࣬ⲻĵط׶ѳݣˣֻȥˡ
ǧ޹̯֣ħ޾ħޣ㿪Ҳħޡ
̰ģײеģ޷࣬ǰİ׻ˡ
ǧ˵׻Ϊ׺࣬Ҳժӵ𣿡
ǧĿһƳǿΧоһϸߵϽ˻ɫĹӣӸͷܴһʮ㣬ζŨ
Ǳѩ˵ģܰ˽׵ĹӰɣ
žˮһӦͦóԵİɣ
࣬ЩӲܲժ֮׻ŹӲţеΪУˢˢǧȥղţİժӣǱҸˣ㣬ٸǰһҾҧĺ
ԭǱ˰Լ
ǲֹѪĻֻ°ˣʱİЩ̾ͽĸС
ֻ׻ͳЦ
ǧЦˣ㻹˰ҿصģû취ֹѪҲˣʱİɾͲժЩӣ
׻һ޷
Ҽұѩҽ㡣ǧüһ˲Ʊŷʶģ͹ԹԸҽΣʶģ͵ɡ
㡭׻ˣѪøˡ
ɣŮ˸ļϸ
׻磬ǧûж⣬͸ҽΰɡѩʱڡ
׻۾һɣСѩץ㣿
ѩҡͷûаи޴ռ䣬ǸطǺֲס
׻黹ͦӵģ޴ռʲô
κң׻š
Ȼǧζеĵҩƿӣһ˫ڳ˾ǣһһ
ʲô׻䱸
Ȼ඼̰µġ
ôǧηҵҪʵܼ򵥣ҿ֮ͦһ֦ɣʱڿռҲֳˡ



710 ԵԼͬ

׻Źֵؿһۡ
ȻҪԼǲɵ
ǴӦˣֻҪӵͳɡ
Сǧһβ
׻еĽ䱸δȻȻ̰ᣡ
ĵĿУǧ쿪ڵѩ˵ߵĵμΪϤȻҲ֪ﱦɣ֮ͰҴ·ʮ֮Ϳ뿪ˡ
׻еıĸŨߣ̰ྐྵѹλþڵı
Ҳǲԡ
Ǹ̫ˣʱȥѹı
׻дСþã˫Ҳ˼֣ɣҴӦ㣬ʱҾʹȥѰұþգʱɱˡ
ȻᡣǧһеЦţҲţ㻹ҪҪˣ
ȻҪ׻ֻø۵ȥҪˡ
ǧǰ³ؽѪС
׻ȥԺ󣬸˿ھ漣ٶˣûһܻˡ׻վ̲סǣǧҲЩȣҳԵģƵѪ
ǧüֻ׻ͦмʶġ
ǰôˣ
Чã׻ϲ֣ǰǧĽ䱸Ҳɢ٣ҴδԹЧôõĵҩҩʦ𣿡
ǧͷûԵǿŵҩƵġ
׻һһէģۣû뵽ô
һŵҩ˰ɣ׻ǧ˳һ̴ȥҧסһõ֦ǧС
֦ģΣ׻ζβͣƺ
ţͦõġǧ֦ռ䡣
׻ǣ۰ͰͶǧֿ
ǧͷƤ飬Ҳ֪С˼ͳһƿҪһЩյܰףҪĻͷ°ɡ
׻Ķһ
յö
Щ˵յҲмеĶЩ޴ǮҲ򲻵ǧȻ󷽣Щ޴಻ͬ
ܺá׻ıˣһҪҵʲôߣϱߣ߶Ҫȥɨ
ǧᳶһתͷͿ׻ҩƿӲһݶС
Ӧ˯ĵطɡ
ﲻ±͵ǧ̲סһ䡣
׻ҡҡͷ£ҵĶѨûˣûħ޸ҽ
ǧЦѾʲôˣʲôʱȥұ
ھȥ׻̤ţɫëӨ⣬Եݣȥ߰ϳǱ߱أһ㿴ʲôã
ǧЩ㲻ҵȥ㱨ɣ
Ļ׻һ㶣Ͱ͵˵˵ôءҿһֻʵϵϻҴС۾
Ǵͭ۾رɷʹϱߣ
ǧȻֻ׻Щȣ˹ˣҲжСĻֻҪȥҵС
ģܲţ
׻һζβͣƺֵøΪˣ߰ĶѨͿҪˡ
ǧ۾΢˰׻
׻һ뵽Ļ쵰ܵù̲ס˷ؽһٴμӿŲQȥ
ںǧҲӿŲ
ûãһһɽǰһɽɽЩɭ׻צָָɽǼһϳͷɶˡ
ǧû˵ĿȴɽϲȻûɽܾɽЩΣգͽ׻ɽͬΣոиΪǿһЩ
࣬ҲΣաǧֵڴǣֽĿͶ׻ϣ˵սǲǱ㻹һЩ
ôܣ׻һ˲ըëˣȻսұԶˣȻнβˣ
ǧһۣҲˣңֻ»ˡ
׻ѵһȴϵƲͬ죬óȻֲֶˣֻĬĬٵأԴŽеĲˬŭ
Ҳ΢һ£ʹǼһˡ׻һأּ
ǧһֻۣЩЦɣ˰ɣ·
׻һ˾Q붴ڣϵëӨ⣬ȥݣҽɱˡ
ǧʼ磬ܿ͸ĽŲ
ڻ谵ǳʱʱˮε䣬ડ֮ǳɵ˵ͷȴͷЩС
ԽߣǧŵһЩѪζǺǴɽɢġ
ղҰǻ쵰ҧһڣɽѪζҲġ׻ڣģмСNɪ



711 ޴ĺ

ǧۣЩȣղֽ䱸ǳͻֱˣǧĿջأֵЩħ޵Ĳк
ɭ׵ĹͷȾѪëһأ޳һ㣬ʱʱѹָð˵ͷƤЩˡ
ǧ۾
ͬɽ׻ɽͺܸɾôħ޲к
ǧԽڵĵطѪζ͸ŨˣŵҲһճӣѲɣŵЩĶѪҺ
ǧͷһߵİὫͬ൱˳ʳɣ
֪ǧʲô׻ŤͷΪħͬһȻǰսҲǸѪԵͬԼףЩѾֲˡ
ǧָⲻһԼͬడ
Լͬ𣿡ǧǰİ׻űߵëѾȾ죬ЩĿȻѪɡ
׻һٴըëɱ˵˵Ȼ׺飬Ҫ׵ȻҪԼı£Ųа֮¡
ͷϻͦ˼ġǧͻȻԴӦë׵İɡȻ׻ٴ·Nɪôߵİ
ǧЦ
Ѩʱִ̱ǵѪζлһɸõĳζһ˲˶ķǳ
ǧʶסӣȴʱ
ۣó׻̲סⶴѨﲻźܶฯõʬɣҲ̫ˡ
ǧСһЩʱһͳ紼ӵ˭ҶѨⳳ֣
аɱž˲
׻βͣԴʮ˽ȥ˶׶үүˣߵݣ
ǧηֻϻȻЩڻ֪ԷĵϸóóȻȥĺ
վԭûж׼Ż۲һ
ԭֻϻǵٴδƺƽ˼ֳŪҼǵѾҧˣòͻĪǣ֪ԼҳԵ𣿡
˶ҵͺˣڵʹʮˣҲɱ⡣׻ĿڶĲݶϣݶһֻȫҫĺħޡ
һĶΪСǰֻȴͻĺͰ׻еһȡ
ټĿЩ⣬˾ù
ǧվͷҲܿ쿴ֻӴĺʱ۾һ£ǵһοôĺ꣬ʵЩ¡
˭Ҫ˭棿޴걾ŭ׻ͻȻŵһİϢħ޵ģǴɢġ
Ķ**Ȼһࣿ
µ࣬ҲĶѨȥɡŭһʱͷʯСʯ¡£ಡļͳǧȥ֪طֱܶ**ȥ
һ붴ѨǧͿ
һֻ޴ڲݶϣ˫׶֣ݶħ޵ʬ壬ÿʬ϶һҧۣǱҧġ
ǧۣЩ
Ҳϸϸǧ֮дż̰
೤û㲻ɣζӦҲԣ
ǧϺĿ⣬˲ñ쳣ĿһƳּǿ䴦ѷһЩħʬ壬ЩʬѾˣһһɵŨҸζǴɢġ
ġôɽҲסȥ
࣬ҵĶҲҽ𣿡ɭ˫ǧʱͻ䣬Ѿһ
ǧָָ̬һԵİ׻Цģǰ׻ҹġ
ʲô
Ťͷ׻֮ǲţҪֻ֪ϻǼģҲ༫Ϊ䱸ͻȻһ
࣬ĪҪۣ˫гӿ֮ɫٸҺҶԵͷʣ¡
ǧͷЦһҲÿ㣬ܲܽҳԵУ˵㶴Ѩﱦ࣬ôһû㶼ˣ
ȻԲ˫Ů˾Ҵ⣿

ʱ׻ѿǣɫ˫ͫתʱһĨСĻ֪Ϊʲô𣿾ཫҾȻģΪ˱Ҿ;ȥѰұɣкö౦ʶ㽻ʶĻͱˡ
òѪ
ϻȻԸԼͬࣿ
ϻ㾹ȻҰࣿҧгݣҲ׻ҧˣûҩֻܳԵָͬơ



712 ƻ꾫

ǣЧʼûеҩã
ǰϵ⣬ֻϻûָһ£ǣֻϻ˿̷ȫʢʱڣQʸûˡ
ֻڱѰ׻ֿǣ¶һɭȻЦ
ǧһܾЩˣ꾫Ҽ˲ᣬ˲㶨ȻǵĶ֣ʶľͿ콫򡭡
͸ɱ⣬һ
Ů˺ƺǿ̲סҪ
ıѼģôܰװױŮˣ
һתȨ֮¾һĵǱ³ҪĻҸǾͳˡ
棿ǧû뵽ô˵
ȻġȻͷ˫ˮر޺˶ˣ㲻ܰȡˣԼȥȡɺã
ǧۣЦЩζԡ
ŪŴǣ˫֮ŲС˼ҽһԵʯУʯϻһأֻҪش򿪣ܿЩˡ
ǧ䣬Ȥζض
򴽣ƺЩЩ˺ðζûпڡ
׻ЩͷһԴϣŭȵ˵ĶȻҾ˺쵰
з̰ȴֵúܺ£һϷ
ԳĬһ󣬾צӲ鲻ԸָָһԵĺɫťɫťǿʯڵĻأֻҪһ㣬ʯڴʱǾȡ߱ˡ
࣬ȥɫİť׻ҧǧȹڡ
ǧһҲż˺һֽۣĿͶɫťԵĺɫťϣɫťԱôиɫť
һʲôû˵
ǧۣϢɢڿУ˵ǽƻǸɫĲǿİťɣǸɫģʲôɣ
ôأգ峺˫ȴЩƮ˵꣬ħްΪһֻħ޽ؼˡ
׻ôǧ׻
׻ϸ˼Ƭ̣ҾãӦû˵Ѱɡ
ǧһֻϻءǧֿϷ꣬ٴʵã
æͷ峺Ȼġ
ǧջĿ⣬ɫǺãھȥť
򴽽ǣ֮оһ˵Ĺζȥȥɡ
ǧһǰҲťϾ岻
ɫťʱ򣬺Щ΢мֻɫťʱ򣬺Ϊġ
ǧۣ˻
˲ЩʧҲʵôˣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ȻҪġǧǳǳζҲÿûҪı
һ䣬ֻáǺॡһ
˲䣬һ⻮ʣǧȡһѶذף͵سķһͶ
顱
ذأֱֱںǰ
꿴ͻȻֵķذףѾų˶ۣ࣬ʲô
ǧϣٽذװµںĲϣü΢е֪꣬ڶˣС˼ťʱıܼͺ޲ҿЩ
һ㶣ƮҲ֪˵ʲô
ǧЦһʼָɫİťǹҿɫťΪֶ֪ɣɫťʲôģȻһϷ
򴽣۾ѾۣҲñˡ
ǧһֵΪ˵ѣʵɫťбģϸ۲ı飬֤˺ɫťҲʲôö
ëһ޿ģ
Ҳ룬ťлأɫĿܻ΢ȫһЩɫģֻ»ǧĶذײĲӣ˲һѪ£㵱һֻƻĺ꣬ҲϽԹԽ
л˵ѪЩˣֻòӴ֡
ͻȻĨˣأ
Ҷ˼۶򣬲ù˽ҡǧз⣬ͬպþò
סŵɪɪ
ŮЩ¡쵰㾹ǣ׻ŭˣһںϡ
һ㶣ŵòذϲ䣬ҰɣҾ᲻ԼЩŻ˵ġ
ǧĿ᲻ñҿǴŪǡ
궼ҪˣǴŪǵ˼˭֪ྐྵеĻҪƻôûõҲˣҪźĿܡ



713 ʱԺ

ҴˣҪʲô߰ɣֻǷŹҡ۰Ͱ͵ǧѾˣʲôС˼ˣ˱ܱȶǿɡ
ǧ֪뷨Цʵǣ㶼ˣ
ڡݶ桭ŲݶѣûһʹӲݶȡһЩħ޾Щһûüյħ޾ˡ
ͬڳġ
ǧһֱӽ˶ռУж𣿶һóɡ
ֻĸζۣ΢Ƭ̣Ų鲻Ըʣµħ޾ȡлмƯıʯ͸ɫľˮһ
ǧĿ˲ͱסǰ͸ˮǲ֪ⶫǺ
Ǻǧ͸ˮʰ𣬷а档
Ů˾ⶫ֪¶ɻ֮䲻Щģ಻ϲ𣿡
ǧһۣΣ
ֲⶫɻþɣˮʯһۣ٩٩̸ʱһ飬ܰٷְƳһѼƷƷʵˮʯ٣ƻ̰ģȻúܹɣ
ǧȻصͷ
ԭĶֲЩ
Ҳ᳡ҲûмеĶǽǷŵгȥһ߼Ǯɣ
ȻĶһֻ꾫ղʲôǧˮʯռУ˳㽫ħ޾Ҳȫ˽ȥ
һʹֻűԼǰʧȻôˣߡ
ԿܲȡˮʯڵԼ
룬ò׵ˮʯֱŮ˸ˡҶѾñˣǲӦ÷ң۰ͰͳӶ콩ӲˣҶ
ǧذףϲϱȻţߵİöӦòֹЩɡ룬ߵɽͷӦûŲٱ㲻ȥ
ɴ˫ҪѪ˵ʲô˵һ飿
Ҫѹɽͷ׻һצкԴϡ
һ£㱻Ρ
ܱôǿҶѾöˣǾ͸Щɡ죬
ǧ䵭ҾãҵĶʣµĶٸЩʵģŪҸˣỹһЩ
ǿ
޳ܵĴǿ
ħ޵Ķ̫ɶˣ
겻з̰ЩκΣˣִ򲻹˼ҰɣҿԴȥҵɽͷڴ֮ǰܸܲҳԿŵҩȻ߲
Կŵҩ㹥𣿡ǧɫ䡣
һȷ㡭ǲġǧüëתͷ׻׻һֻ꾫߲ˣͽ̫ᣬ³һҲǿԵġ
׻򴽽ǣʱҧһڡ
ƿ˰׻ͼ˲Ӳݶˣ·ߵöģǿ
뿪ɽħһ೯ɽͷȥͬʱ
ʱѹƿҲ˻þС
ƿ濴ŻþеһһľҲܸовƢ̰һҲų
С㣬ǲһжǧѩߵƿԡ
ǣʧ٣ǲӡ
ƿ泯ǧѩһۣһЩƽϡ
Ůȸ½ʥŮȻӴ˵㣬ʵеģһҲǲԡ
ȻӣǱһɡƿ̧°ͣģ߰ޱȡ
ǧѩ򴽣ȴֲ˵Щʲô
ҲֻǿƿǧгԹһ㣬ҪӣŲ࿴ƿһ
ƿȻ֪ǧѩ뷨Ŀһһ߸ϵǧѩȻҪӣôʲô㶼Ҫҵģ֪𣿡
ǧѩͷһиֳһĨȻʲôжҪģ˵ǴģҲҪ𣿡
֪ĲãƿԵذһ£Ȼǣʲô뷨Ҳ˵ҵȻҲȡ
ǧѩɫź࣬ƿ棬ʵС㣬ǸΣþôǸôӺ𣿡
ǧѩƣѾҵˡ
ƿǧƺҪȷЩʲôҲ֪˶ſڵǰþ˵ǸɽͷһƬҩݣҪҪһȥ
ǧѩ˫һ
һƬҩݣ˵ɽͷϾۼ˲˵ҩݿܻһЩıܵõʵǿ



714 յĹ

ȥȻҪһȥǧѩ򴽽ǣеÿҪ
ƿü͸ɡ
ã˲ߵɽͷϣƿ汾ΪܿһƬҩݣ۵ȴһЩ̵С硣
Сڷţȥлӡ
ƿȴ۵ĽƬҩݶȥˣ
ΪʲôֻʣһЩС磿
ûǱˣ
ƿǰС磬һʱֻûۡ
ؿڣѪˡ
ô˭ҩݣ
С㣬ҩǱ𣿡ǧѩǰС磬ͷûʲôоɼƿۣЩ⡣
ƿֻһѣӦǱ˰ɡ
ǧѩüëһҲ֪˭أ
ƮƮƿֻøˣҧҧҲЩ壬Ǳĸ۵ļ˸ˣ֪˭ҶҪÿ
ǧѩüЦøӿҩҲûˣǸΣ
ƿ泯ɽͷһۣ뿴˵Σգвͻħ޿гΪǵʳ
˻ȥɣҲûʲôöˡƿЩɵصһ
ǧѩȴɽͷЩǶû߽ȥô֪ûкöˣ
ǧѩƣҪ뵽ɽͷ
ƿһѽȵɽͷȫħޣʱôĶ֪
ǧѩһ㶣Щŵؿƿһۣͷкܶħޣ
ƿһ֮ЩģȻ㻹ΪþǸ㶼ܴİȫط
ǧѩеıŪû˫ǲ˵ˡ
ʶľͿߣɱû㡣ƿʹѾͷһ
ǧѩвˬȴҲ˵ЩʲôƿѾתȹڸȥ
һ֮ģɼƿԻþϤѾŪ˲ܿΣգҵı
ǧѩһ룬ôҲͬƿֿˡ
ҵ֮ǰܵͳҲûʲôġ
ƿ˼ͷֵ˵Щɽͷ񱻲ͬħ޹ϽţЩħ޸׺ǵþܿǲС
ȻħڹϽǧѩʲô鱨һ͵صͷҲ˼֡
Ҳøһ㡣ƿɵһۡ
ǧѩŭģȴҲֻš
ʱߡ
ǧź곯ɽͷʲôɽգʲôᱻ˺ѣǧͳͳûУ
Ҫ͵סߡ
ƣֻԵСèһϽħҲһڳѨвҳţǧһ·ͨ裬ʵѸһǸо
ôûеرĵطǧü̲סһ䡣
걻һָָǰ棬ĵǰˣ̾͵ˡ
ɣҾһΡǧĿ䵭
һ亹֪Ͳȥƭˣڵνζûˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͣߵıﶼˣҪʲôʲôܸܲ
ǧûشĻǳǰȥ
ǰһƬҩҩԻһЩӨ͸СӣӳϣһҲţмŹӻ
ǧһֱӽĹץУӾӨ͸ͦƯʲôӰ
׻ͺһôı鿴ǧ
ǧǿĪôˣ
Ҳ̫𣬾һ˳Ļᱻڣǿڵӽ͸ȥ֮յĹЧŮϲĹˣ㾹Ȼ֪
գ
Ŀռ侮ˮ˵ļð͸Ҫ֪ʲô͸
һǵһ˵ӡǧգգ۾˵ЩȻ
׻ͺ޼ɵضơ
Ļֱˡ
˶֪ʲô͸ŮˣΪһŮ˾Ȼ֪
̫ˡ
׻ͺһۣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧ͸ҧһҧȥŨĹ֭ڿǻ֮Уζá
ֻһڣǧ㰮ζҲֹӡ
ӵζҪȥԡǧЩ͸Ĺժ£һһ֦ɶ˿ռС
׼ⶫڿռʱسˡ
꿴ľٶΪɻȴֲʳ
ǧΧһᣬûþͽҩȫժˣֻһЩС硣
꿴ЩǽأĬĬᡣ



715 ı

һֻ꣬ҪҩҲûáĬĬذοԼ
ҩݰιԺǧվĿٴνضźꡣ
걻Ŀһ֪Щʲôæǵһʵ㿴ңʲô
ǧ΢䣬۾˼֣ЩﶼģЩ˵˵ﻹʲôñٸһЩ
͵صɴ˫һʹӡ
Ůôô޳ܣ
Ѿõô౦ˣȻҪ
ĸζۣȴֲұֳֻĬĬţŮˣͷŹҰɣıȫˣĻжĸ㣿
׻꣬е
ûжģ棬жıﰡǧһתþÿλһ飬͸ȥλǸҸˣУͱҶǲˡ
׻ͺ˲һ
Ů˺ƣǶ²ѡ
ȥλǾʹȥɽͷıȻˣʲôġܿƣҶǵıĸˣа
ϱߣߵİͦŵģŮҪȥѵǣͷҲš
׻ͺһͷȥǾʹȥǲˣеġ
ǧǾͿߡ
ֻ·ħޣǧܿϱߵɽſڡ
ǰɽȥǳûɭУ·һ۾ܽĶ
ǧȥʱ򣬾ͿһֻƱӵħڲݶϣر۾ƺϢ
ǧһЩ춯ʱֻӶһ
˭ڶ⣿ӵ˫ѪʱͷĿ˼֡
ǧ۾
ղֻڼ˯
ȻôġǧϱӵĿ⣬ʲôҲû˵
գѪĺǧţֿһֻϻͺ꣬һر졣
ⲻǶߺߵİ
ôпˣ
һŸ࡭Ѳɣ뽫Ӷùϵ
ԽԽֿܣǧĿҲһһеѪ˲ûˣƿǣȻһЩûζҲ
ЩѾǵħޣ˵Ҳ֡
ǣȻ˵ǧǹƷ
仰ð׻ͺЩ΢ˡӾȻҵǹƷʳôĶ֪
ǧҲһЦؿűӣԭǽ˹Ʒ
ʱˣΪⱪͻȻͱºˣԭʲôᡣ
ʧˣҲʲôƷȡ㱦֮ˡǧ߽ϰѣΨ쳣
ۣǧĻ֡
ʲôȡ
ѵŮı
Ů˵ô£Ťͷϻͺܾ꣬¶ЩԾ
׻ͺһۣ𴽽ǵ˵ûȡģǺܶһЩҲΪɣ
󣬲Ѫ
ֻûϢħޣȻһˡ
ʱ;֣һƷѣȴɾҲûκѪգŮѾշûѪյȻģ
ȻһˣǶħ޵̲סŭȣˡ
׻ͺνʼ磬ֵһᣡ
գˮ۾ӣͱߴߴˣʶľͿЩóʶģˣ
Զԣʶˣ׻۾ɫͫĹ˸
ֻħĪţǧڵһʱ佫ⱪӸƷԣ̲סٻ
ӼˣеŭʲôԻһ࣬ǵǶħ޵
ӴӲݶվݵشӶѨ߳
ëǽɫģ滹һɫĻߣԡʱԵۻ룡
Ҫӵǧٿһûţ
ǧԹһֻӵĵȼ
ʮң׶οǵģ൱ħˡ
ϱֶĶ࣬ʮ׵ħȻҲʤ㡭һҽס㶨ԹԽϵġ
ǧ𴽽ǣЦ
һѪ
ŮôţΪԼ
ޣһСС߽׶ѣҲţŰΪֹ
򴽽ǣЩضǧһۣ࣬ڸģһܸһʹ죬ˣҾûֺˣҽһһĥ㣬һһ㽫ϵ̵



716 򲻹ֻ

ħޱѪǧüͷûһ¡
⣿
ûţ
ǧһ㣬˱ӵ
΢㶣ȫû뵽ǧٶȣС֮ʣǧֱһڱӵԴϣƺһǱˡ
Ů˾ԴһߵôأǲҪˣ
~~~~
Ӷݺݵһǧѳݣ۵ȫǷŭ֮ɫͺ޲ý˺ˡ
Ůˣ㾹ҵԴһҪҧ㣬ҧ㡭ӱŭĿ֮ȫ׺֮ɫĻһĨɺ측ֶ
ǧ䵭ģҲ
ҧңҲġ
һ䣬ǧ˦Ѫ﷨ȣһɲǣһ𳯱Ϯȥ
ȵĻ棬˲ͽΧͨ졣
ֹӣ׻ͺǶɴ˫
죡
ȻǻϵħʦһôǿĻϵħʦֻ΢žܸܵ͸ȶȣȵģҵģ·ܽһжΪҽ
Ů˺ôӿһ𣬺˵ĸͲһ
׻ͺǧҲڰңһʼûΪУֱЭˣȻЩ͵кˡ
Ҳһ˲İգû뵽ǧǻϵħʦ
һҲ̫˰ɡӲӲƴ͵ص˼Ҫ㿪Ĺʱ򡭡ĵɫһ˲ڱϡ
ӱû鴤Ҫ׵ܳʱȴԼͶˡ
ǡˣ
͵ؽɴϵħǴģ
ʱ׻ͺͳϴһ˲˲ǧƺЩȻϵħ
ϵϵôţƣ
ֲ޿ֲ֣ҵʮ׵ıӣԭ˫ϵħʦ˫ϵħʦôţԣ
׻ͺ걧һţǧϴˡ
ʱҲζ˹ǴĵǧͷŵģȻǴ˵е˫ϵħʦ
ҧŻ
ôôù˵е˫ϵħʦ
ҲͰˣȻ˫ϵħʦˣЩ֪ǧ˫ϵӵǿħħʦȻ
Ѿ׵ԣҲӲȥټΧŰĻ棬оӺȣг·һ˲ͻᱻճɻҽ
Ů˾㶼û飬ֱ̫ײˡ̧۰Ͱ͵سǧš
еѪȥеֻĺͰգ࣬Ǵòãҽı㣬һɺã
ǧĿ⣬ǹһĨѰζĻȣ뽫ıﶼң
зתأ͵صͷȻһ˵㻰ֻһˣСıģɵҡ
ԼڣɶԱһѳݣӱ˵˵ĻˣʲôСĻɰħˣ㣬ղ׺Ҫ
ҪŻѪߵǷǵı¿治
ֻƻĺ꣬ӦýŽաҧгݡ
ֻβͣ㻹ȵĵԼɣͿ챻Ӵ~
㡭ᣬ޲ýĲҧϡ
ֹǧֻöЩ֣ĿҲЩƣһᣬˣķ
ͱ
һ˫ϵħʦж˾жˣ򲻹ֻˣ
ӰڳһΪܺƵ࣬ĻὫ㣬ǲӦý泷ߣȥҾͻᱻˡ
ǧĿģҲˣС΢䣬ɲǣڵĻȫˣֻһƮɢڿУûһǵҲɢͷ·δһ
ɱȷȷʵʵ⵽˻Ϯһˡ
ٺֱֱһ
ղŵľجһ㣬ĲپһˣŤͷǧеĲѪͲеֻĺֺãҪʲôıھʹȥȡ
ãǰ·ɡǧ䣬쳣ظڱ
Ӹܵѹеſˮѹǰš
׻ͺһۣҲȥ
ǧܿ͵õһЩҲЩҩݹʲôģþʢЩҪõľͱþ»þΧҲвٺöȽЩøɾ˲С
࣬ˣ㻹𣿡Ŵ۾Сš
ǧͷصһ䣬İɡ
ٴҪŻѪ
Ѿɽͷı׳ˣȻ˵⡭಻޳ܣ޳ܵҪһ١


717 ˿ɱ

ɱʵڲǧֻͷȣװԼǸư͡
ǧһۣɵеȤǧƿģˣ㽫ȫ˳Ҳ֤г⣬ھͷɽȥ
һһĨЦ⣬㵱Ҫһȥˣ
档ǧЦЩǲȥĻҲԼ档
һȾܣһ˲ûӰ
ǧգգ۾ܵô죬ЩЦҵôֲôȾˣ
׻ͺһۣ澹Щֻͬӡ
˻˵ȻɽͷĶȫϴһգӱǺõˣٵ滹һЩҩС磬ȴʲôû¡
϶°ִ򲻹㣬ֻˡ׻˵ֱ̫ӣֻҺ˵š
ǧĬصͷأǲǸôȥˣ
׻ͺ򴽽ǣĬĬΪߵİ˸
ɽǧѴ֮ͽߵİƷˣ߰һֻһħޡ
ݣһ߸ϣģ
ǧܺ󣬱ֵñȱӻҪȣųգˮС۾һȥһֻ޺Ĵ
ֻǧ֪ղ׺ǳҲ˺֣ɱ䣡
࣬һºðɣҪҾ۰Ͱ͵سǧţŹңҾͽб㣬ɺã
Ŵ׻ͺ꾹мֿ⡣
һƽҲ۸ڶģСһڲģʵȤĽ
Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣǾͿЩȡˣҿɲ֤᲻ˡǧüĿֱƴ
ЩС˼ģɱôһֱӾˡ
һϵؽϣһЩҩʲôģɶħ˵ǼõıЩҩݵĵطҲٽҡ
ǧϲ̽ҩ£Щбʲô𣿡
ȻҡͷûˣЩҲȫˣǻҪҾòˡ
ǧ֪û˵ѣҲûΪˣȻҵõ˱ҲòˣضѨȥɡ
һųֱӷߡ
̫ˣܻŻȥˡ
ǧſտĻþΧԴĺûɢԽԽˡҲ˵ղô·Ѱô౦ûѰϡ
ǸںһһңҲ֪ǸʲôŪЩķҡ
ǧŤͷþ
ǺĶڻþɻþ˶ȥģϾΣշǳǽȥ˲ҲɵһƤ
ѵһλþȥĻ̫ԲԼˡ
ǧ򴽣ڵкЩģƵð׻ͺľսһ˳ĻǶ֡
࣬ʲô̿ˮ̲סʵ
׻ҲЩµسǧ
ǧֻĿ⿴Щڣѣ뵽ʲôطȥˣôɱħ
룬þǸʲôطǧþĺڵ˫г˼ᶨǴ˿Ҫþ᲻ʲôΣգ
׻ͺ͵ؽɴ
Ȼ˼Ҫ֪þ쳣Щȥһֻħ޽˻þʱֻħ޵ǲȶʲôһ㣬ûþˣң˷ǳ
˵þסһֻʵȺϹޣϴνħ޾Ϲ޲Żᱻġ
ԴˣѾεħޣħ޶̤þкܶ౦£Ů˾˵Ҫþⲻ
Ůˣ׻ֱӽе뷨˵˳Щħ޶ҽȥȻþǶȥֻ
ǰȥ˾һ˫ϵħʦص˾ĴڣαȥأȰ
Ķǧץסǻеص㣬ʲô
׻ΪܹˣһֻϹޣǳ
ǧĦ°ͣûк·Щ˷ܣϹްҶûʶϹޣҵҪʲôϹ㺦¡
׻ͺһ׳յı鿴ǧ㲻ҪˣϹ͵ˡ
ǧνʼ磬᲻˭֪֪þĻֻһΣҲܾôˡ



718 Ҫȥþ

ǸһֱٻǲȥһӶᰲĵġ
ִ⣬׻ͺҲ֪Ȱˡ
ȻȥǾȥɣʱ˿ɱڡֻǧһۡ
ڣ
ǧֵû֣
Ṵ𴽽ǣȻԼѡ·Ҳڡ
ֻһۣͬʱѡ˳Ĭ
ǧּĿͶֻϣҶԻþ죬͵鷳ǽҴþĵطҿɲԩ·
׻ͺ·ܵ˾ţſˮ֮ȫǺº˵Ҫǽþ
죡
̫ˣ
ǻȥ
֪ʲôǧûҪȥ˼Ǵ·ѣҪִ޳ѨʱǾ߾ˣҲš
׻ͺԥƬ̺ǵ˵ͷԣǾͽĳѨſڣĲˡ
ǧҲûָܹæܽѨſڣѾܲˣͺܺˣǿǰ·
׻ͺ¶һ治ٿһ£һСľ˰
޷Ҳ¡ǧüִߴһǱͣЩǰ·
ֻ˵ʲôľش·
ʱħһ˻þȥͬһµһط
ƿǧѩɽͷȥ˵ҲһƬҩյ͸ܹõǵսø
С㣬͸𣿡ǧѩ򴽽ǣñǳ͸ͻ
ʱ򣬴ʦ᲻ᱻأ
һ뵽ʦǧѩмߺ죬˲ƣʦϲ
ǧѩģûνˣжáҵ鱨д˵ֹǾͻСƿ濴ǧѩò绨Щʣǲţ뿪Ҳǳɵġ
ǧѩȻңС˵ˣ˵Ҫӣ뿪أ
ƿü·ˡ
뿪Щ͸ѡǧѩ֪ЩʲôԺȫЩ͸Щõ
ɽͷʱǿտأԻһû˹ӵĸߴľ죡
ҩݺ͸ժˣ
ƿŶͷһ˲侹мѣС
˭ȻһЩöȫժˣ
ƿǰðˡ
ժЩ˻᲻ǧǼˣ
ԻþĵӦǲϤģʱҲô졭ǧƿʵ벻˭ᣡ
ƿָ䣬һʱͺ޲ýǧ
ǧѩҲЩɵˣժȡһЩ͸ɲ뾹˱ǿһ͸ȫժˣһŶʣ
Ǳժˣǧѩҧһ˲侹мѣ
ƿûժԼῴ𣿡
ӲˣǧѩҧҧҲû˵Щʲô
ҾãȻǧǼ˽ժߵġƿ߷߲ƽҲ˫Ť
ǧѩ΢㶣Ӧòɣþôô֪кöôڵһʱժߣӦûͨ챾ɡ
ƿҧҧһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
С㣬ⶫ˭ժߵģǼȥѰұɺãǧѩȰǵʱ䲢࣬ǧЩС¸ˡ
ƿһҲô˻Щ
üë˵ûǲЩҹһ֪طҲвٱ
ǧѩӸ˼֣Ȼ֪ˣǻЩȥ
ôҴҵģƿЦһſڵ
˲ţܿɽͷƿ˵ɽͷҲвҩݺͺóԵĹӣܵõҲǼΪġ
֪Ҳǧϴһˡ
˿ֻ̣ڲݶϣĬĬᣬûˣȫûˡŵһŨϢϢԽԽˡ
ˣ
һԶӲݶӹµһתһĨС˼ĵð
򲻹ǧ۸һԵǿԵİɣ
ЩҲģ㽫ŪҲΪŵĲɽ߳
һ߳ɽ㿴Ůɽͷȥǣǹģ
Ѫ׼ŭйϣӹµһתͷ˷
~~~~~
~~~~~~
˷صţǺٻͬǵźš
ʱڳѨеħ㳲ֱӳɽͷ񱼶ȥ
ܵ𶯣˱ӵĺ˲ɶ½ŲƿŵýҰף𣬸ղǲбڽУ



719 ħ׷

ǧѩſˮЩƮ˺Ǳӵ
ƿָ䣬һʱ侹ЩΪʲôбӵеôˣ⾿Ƿʲô
ǧѩҡҡͷͻȻ濴һۡ
ֻһֻݵĻ߱վڶѨڣڣĿѪˣ·Ҫһɸɾ
ǧѩͷһȫȻû뵽ǸѨлһֻӣһһֻʮ׵ıӡ
һ߽׵ıϵħʦټһֻҩƿ棬ߵʤûж٣Ǳץסɣ
С㣬һͷӣһֻʮ׵ıӡǧѩ̿ˮЩĺ£С㣬ͷѾˣٴȥֻ»Ϊʳ
ӣ
ʮ׵ıӣ
ƿŤͷվڶѨڵıʱԴըҲɵϴ
ʮףȻʮħޡƿЩµصһԼʵԼټǧѩҲֻ߽׶ѣֻӿ϶ֲʲôˡ
Ϊֻ֮ܳˣ
ܣǸͲֻӵĶ֣һ䣬ƿȾ¡
ǧѩ˴ȹ׷ȥŮ˾ҶܣҲ̫˰ɣ
ĴӴܵƿǣƺЦĺܡ
ûһЩħ޾ֱֱ׷ȥЩħƽﶼӹţܱӽΣǶ档
ýЩϣҪ̫
~~~~~
~~~~~~
ħ޵ĽŲ˷ܵĵ𶯵ľңǧѩƿһûȣˤڵء
ôôħޣǧѩһ־ϰͷħ׷ǡ
ħ޳һƿҲˣͷƤҲЩ飬ôǧѩǲʲôħ޲˵£ǲ׷ǣ
ǧѩͷųϵħͼ׷ǵħ޶סƿ˵˫ͨ죬С㣬ͬһжģûʱħʲôڲҪѪ˰
ƿһҲЩ
ıϵħͦãħ޸ͶˣƣǶܰȫա
ЩħޣΪһֱ׷ǣ֡ƿ򴽣Щ벻ͨ
ǧѩûǱȽͨ͸ģ룬ӦֻİɣղŲںҾöȻǺЩħġ
ƿɫòͣûʲôΪҪôǣ
ǧѩ򴽣Ƭ̲ŵ֪ģ͡
ƿһһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧѩħ޶ԭأ㹻ʱߣħ޵ʵ̫࣬ȼҲͦߣǧѩЩˡ
ƿһ۾ͿЩļôˣ
ǧѩҧħ޵ʵֻ̫࣬ƾһ˸졣
˵ʲôƿȻθߣǧѩҲӣ㲻߽ױϵħʦôһЩħ㶼Ըˣ
ǧѩͷһۡ
ô㣿ħޣ
֪֪жħް
˵һֻɣٶֻУܳŵѾܲˡ
ƿǧѩֿٽһƿҩУǧѩǧܵ£кöಹħĵҩҪپж١
ǧѩӹҩ΢һЩеҩǾͺðˡ
²ԺǧѩһӶŷȣһɲǣѩƮƮ
Щܵħֱӱԭأ
˿׼ʱȾܣҲ֪˶ã֧ʱЩħ㲻׷ˡ
˲ɶ½Ų̰ʿ
ǡӹһˡʱ˶ΪǱԭÿ쳣ķٶˣһһ
ǧѩ˷ͷлЩ£ЩħӦò׷˰ɣ
ƿ洩ŴӦòˣҸղƼǲ֪ľͳˣҲãǰȫˡ
ǧѩؿڣΧĻЩһ·񱼣Ҳ֪ܵʲôطˡ
ǺεطΪЩǧѩ򴽣һ˲Щð
ƿҲܿ˿һ˲ھмЦðʲôµģǱɽͷ˵ҲвٱԵطˡ
棿ǧѩ¶ϲá
Ȼġƿ潫°̧ߣֻҪ˵ԹԸȥѰͳˡ
ǧѩĶǱƿ˵ĿҲûмƽϡ
ƿɣеǷԽԽԽŨ°̧øߣ߰Ļȸһ㣬뱱ɽͷʱ򡭡


720 ħȺ

һڶ˻û˷ħ޴ӳѨǿ񱼶һ¾ͽΧм䡣
˿ͻȻħȺһʱ侹ûӦ
ΪҲôħޣ
Ǿ׼һм䲻ʲôıɣ
ǧѩʶ̧һֻ޴ޱȵĴ֦ͷϣתһ۾׺ͬҹɲǧѩգգ۾ʹĿˡ
ͰͶǧѩĿЩŪһЩͷ
ǧѩֻĸβûһҲֻʵȻҲʮ׵ħޣȥǿӣ
ǣΪʲôֻҪǹȥѲɣҲȡı
ǧѩֻЩûڣ֪ͲƿѰʲôˣɽͷħһֻһֻѶԸǻٻͬ飬ֱ̫޳ˡ
С㣬ҿǻܰɣһֻʮ״ӲӲǶȻֲôǧѩѾ˾ƣŲԼС
ƿһʮ״񣬾ͲŻѪ
ʮħôֵǮ
ôһɽͷһֻʮħޣһֻһֻѶԸƿֻܵĽҧҧ̵ܣǿЩܡ
˱ܵȴû׷˼뷨ͱһǧǱߵõʹ࣬͸ñ೥㲻Ūȱ첲Ҳܲ
תӣղƵ˲һɨգ˿̵鼫á
˿̣ڷ㿪ħǵ׷ȫ֪Щʲô֪ˣǶǧˡ
˿񱼣ħ޾ں׷
ǧѩʹñϵħħ˾ҩǡЩħޱȸղŵħ޻ҪѲǧѩ콫ҩˣЩħ޾ûһҪ˵˼ôЩħΪһֱ׷᣿ǧѩԲ˫ɫҰֽ
ƿĲԽԽŨ㻹ܳס𣿡
ǧѩҧѾ꣬һγŵס
㵱ûãƿһ
ǧѩɫȻѿãͿЩóòæҲˣһ˵㵱ΪǺǵ𣿡
˵ˡ
޲ýƿ涪£ȻԼ·
֪ЩʲôƿĿڵǧѩҸղŲ˶ѣǧҪ棬ͬһϵƣǵҪֲС
ǧѩɫ˼֣ҲԣǸҪֲС
˵ţһֱħ˹ֱֱҧƿֱϡ
˺
ƿֱϵ⾹Ӳҧһ˲֮䣬Ѫζɽּ
ħ޾׽Ѫ⣬ģ㣡
ۡƿֱֻۼۣɤӲϾ
ƿֱϳһѪϸһܿɭȻİ׹ǡ
ǧѩˣŻ
Ҳ̫˰ɡǧѩҺۣ쿴ҵֱ۾ôˣƿ۾ͨͨġ
ֱϵѾħҧɭɭİ׹Ƕ¶ˡǧѩһۣЩθڵ˵š
ƿ󣬲ιȥ
ֱϵľȻҧˣһ¶˰׹ǡҩģҧģò
Ǿҧҡƿ˸ŭǧѩһҪΪұһҪҽЩħɱ
ƿһһ˵ţ֮бŷǿҵĺ⡭ǧѩһϣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
䣬һֻħٴγ˹תһ򣬾ֱֱҧǧѩֱϡ
ۡǧѩһʱֱϵƤⱻҧɭȻ׹¶ȥĿĵġ
ǧѩ۵ѳݣʹʮǰȥ
Ҫٴطˡƿǧѩܵ죬Ҳæ׷ȥ
ʱԺ̱һɽС
ħҲû׷ʱȫˡ
˿ʯϴϢھһսԺǱմѪƤҲûһõġ
Щħ޼ֱǵʳڿСǧѩżϵĿӿݣвһʹС㣬ϻѪ𣿡
ƿ汾뽫Ѫһ뵽ЩüֵеĲˬһѪݸѪЩ°ɡ
ǧѩæǽӹѪȥԺ;࣬лѪҾöˡ
ƿû˵ͷͽѪȥ
ҩһڣ޸˿ںֹѪĹЧ˵Ѫǲˣֱ۵ĵط˵ױеЩӿݣҪ׻ָҪܾá
ƿ濴ֱѪŵָЩħ޾ҡǱץҪǺÿ



721 Ϲ

ǧѩĬûκ˺ۣȻеÿˣС㣬ڸΣ
ƿ泯ǧѩȥдһЩģ˶û㻹ȥɣ
ǧѩ򴽣û˵
ƿ濿ʯϣˣ֮֮˵
ǧѩҧҲûз
˿ʯϣȻЩۣǶϢһħϮͻϮĻֻôĶ֪
һؾصϣͷĵģΨǹ˸ͣ
ħǲˣǳԵ㶫ЪϢɣǧѩŤͷѯʡ
ƿͷ
˵ͷˮͽݶ̺׼˯
ƿ뻹Щģ;ǧѩҹҹǽ
ǧѩԭЩˣһ뵽ȽϰȫҲͲƽˡ
·վ׼ǰҹ
ʱͷǹ𣬶յҹǳһֱںХš
ͬһƬǿ£ÿȴŲһ顣
ǧֻħ޵Ĵ£ֱ˻þԽԽɭֻǸոյִѣ͸оһ޵RϮ
RڿƮģЩ
⴫˵еϹ޹ȻδߵѨǿҵRУ
ֹǧܵˣ׻ͺҲܵˣֻڵظǰ࣬Rʵ̫ǿˣȥǻܲˡ
ǧǿһۣͼվˣ黹رʹࡣ
ħ޵ĸйٸΪһЩðɣ뿪Ҳɣ֮ǰȸңϹ޵ĳѨǧҲΪǡ
ֻظ࿪ڵ࣬ǰһֱ߾ܿϹ޵ĳѨˣ·Ӧúܿܵ
֪ˡǧͷ
׻ͺŴǣȰ࣬Ǿðɣ㻹ǱȥʲôϹ޵ĳѨˣ̫Σգ
ǧǣû뵽ʶûãֻͦˣտʼɱ
ǵĺˣϹ޵ĳѨһҪȥġǧĿᶨǵٻһֱڶ߻صԽӽѨ
ʱԼһ㣬ת뿪ҲԸԸⰡ
࣬Ϊֻ֮ǧһۣתQȥûþͲӰ
ǧȹȥ
ҹɫһЩʱǧһѨſڡ
ǧǰĳѨüͷһӲҪ˵ǳѨĻʵҲǰʯͷɵĽһƵַ
ͷһɭǸţ޵ֻͣҪ뵽·ͻᱻ븹
ǧ˫һ񺮡
ֿһۣҲüᶨ˼̧ţȻ߽ɭַС
һ뵽棬ǧ;Դһѣɢַбͻ谵һ˲侹˹ɫĽǱõƻͨ
ǧһؿǰķ羰Сˮ
ﻨ㣬
ǰʹ˼ҵլӣžһߵʯСϾһǮ˵ĿϮ
ǧһСϣ˿ҷɾ衣
ȷڻַУַΪλͻȻı仯ͲԻСһȽϺá
˼ǧլûһˣ濴Żǳʵȴûаլһ㡣
ȣǧİӦоУһΪɾ·־˴ɨĴ
լûˣɨ
ǧ˫լš֪УȻһ䷿ſڣŵ񻨺ľ۾ʹŽȥˡ
һ뵽棬һŨ
ǧһڻ㣬ֻζ㣬ҲúţֻҪһžͷ·˻һ㡭û˵լӣлأ
ǧȥȴôҲ벻ףҡҡԴЩˡ
ǽܴ̫ԵʰɣҲˣǧһǷͷһŵľ˯ֹסˡ
д˯һҲ޷ɣ
ǧЩԺģͷ˯ˡʱ򣬷еĻΪŨԶкһâ˸˸ǳЩǧȴδ
ա
ǧһů˹ˡ
˫ȴǾЩ룬Ѿ˯˺ܾãǻƽˣ˯쳣ãֱϻֲĴ
ô£Ϊ˯ĸоǧԴֻԴЩġ
´ڼŵǹɻζ
ŨĻһֱڱǼʣǧ˿ǳ



722 ԽԽصĺȦ

Ṵլţ˯һԵʣǧլӺܺúܰȫҪԶլĴ
뷨һȴûʲôԡ
լĺܺðҲϲǧӣҪҳȥԵġ
ûãҵ˳ܸɾʳӦоУǧͷʳģûʲôԣ·ŵط͸ʳһ
طһôʳİǧŴһʳ𣬡룬Զط
ǧǳૣǺ˫˿̾һҲɢˡһǧͽ緹׼á
һһڳţ֮ȫЦ⣬·ѾطԼļҡ˼ԺǧöЩۡ
ŶӣĿдżɻ
ôˣ
ѲǳԻ˶ӣ
ǧŶվŸһվ;ʹһЩѵԻˣ
գգ۾լ̽ˣûΧʲôصĵطȴϲطˡ
լеһһľǧøӻϲˣŴǣͤһ죬ŻصС
һڴϣǧ˯˹ȥ
ڶա
ǧǾô˯˯оЩͷԼĶҲһЩ֣ջǱƽģô˯һͱһЩ
ǧɻش˴ԼĶӣȴûʲôŹ֮죬ҲٹעԼĶӣһլй
·ѾĿģ·ֻ밲ȹ
áǧһͶʱ˫յͨ͸𪣬ϵϸСëҲܿһ
ֵõЦݽ£˶
µĺȦȴԽ
˯úܱΪʲôкȦأ
Щǧûע⵽ֻãҲǰûĺ飬طȻð
ǧͷվһֻص˷С
еζɺܺţǧҲζǰһ˫۾ճյؿŷеһУͷ·ʲôһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãǧվľڵķȥ
Щˣ˿ر˯ǹլӣǷ˯ûʲôԣִ˲ƣ
һֹգǧԼĶԽԽ󣬾ͬһС͹Ĺĵķ·ʱضᱬըһ㡣
֣ҵĶôԽԽأǧɻȴû˿ɻ߾衣
ΪԼǳˣ;լ˶һ
ůǧ¯ӣլӵĺ԰ܲûܼЩھԴﶼмĪѣС

ǧؿһͤϣҫ£µĺȦŨˣľһѬױһ
ǧȴ⣬ûһ㡣
ǣܼȦˣȻЩ̫еԵ𣿡ǧ°ͣ˫˿ȴƬ̵ĴͣܿҲָ˹
ǧ͹ĹĵĶӣٴλصС
֪ΪΣЩ꣬嶼Щȣ·ʱضڻһ㡣
ֵĸоҲֻŵĻܵƬ̵İ
ôоԼԽԽˣȴ־ȻϲԶҲߵġ
ǧʰϵľᣬϸϸŴͷһᡭͷʱЩӲЩеӻɢûн࣬һʬ⡣
顱һǧ͵ؽľᶪϣ漴СȴȡһѶذס
ʱڵĻΪŨ
ǧ˿֮¶һĨЦݡ
ԼֱϽ׵ļװۣĵһһۼӦûɡ
ǧŶذףЦЩ
ӶŶذףԥԼֱϻһһɲǣѪעֱȾŵʺɫһ˲侹һ˵ĹС
ǧɴ˫ԼȾѪֱ֮侹ֽĳԸС
ٻٻֱͻøӺÿ˰ɣ
ͷԺǧ򴽰꣬΢΢ֿЦͬɭż
ǣֱϵĴ̼ʹһ˲ͽǧ˼˻΢΢һ󣬱𾪵ضԼȾѪֱ
ôǧЩ𾪣ҵֱôѪˣ⵽˭ɵģ
ǧһƳͷͿԼоһѶذס


723 ֻҪʿ~

ذȾŵѪ˲ǧ˫ŵýذ׶͸һĨš
ˣԼ˵ģ
ǧҧԼʲôŰ򣬹⼸Լû˯ãŻþʲôİɡ
һǷһľϱ˯˹ȥ
ƽľϣ˫ֹؾصط͹ĵĸƾǹݵˣʲôһ
˯úܳ·ôж
ʱڵĻζŨ񡭡֮еɫƲƮǴ˲٣ҲƺΪһЩضǧǸģڿʲôζʳ
~~~~
~~~~~~
ֽһٴƲ㣬ôҲֲˡ
ǧٴʱѾǵڶ硣
ůǧҪ´߶ȴԼĶִˣ˿̵޷µ·ǧЩԹؿһԼĶӡ
ǣʿеǲǾµ·ˣ
뷨һͬӷѿһ㣬ǧԺӡ
ǧָоܲȴ޷Լ˼룬޷뷨Ժ߳ȥ
ʶסԼĶӣֻöЩۡ
ʹӵȫǧȫ
ۡô
ǧŶӣ۵ڴϴκĶʵ̫ôѶȵĶʵ
ۡ
ǧҧס˫ĺˮǰðȻ䣬˲ͽʪˡ
˶ϵʹԾûл⣬ָоħ޿һ㣬ҵۣȴβȥ
ǧҧأ۵ˡ
ʱһķţһɫǧǰ
ģ̧̌صƤֱĨɫԲʲôöţ࣡Ĩɫתź۾ͻȻ˵ˡ
һ翣ŲĹǧֻȫëܵҪԶĨɫ
࣬ĶǲǺ۰Ĩɫ˵ţͻȻЦ֪Ϊʲô۰ΪСˣ㲻ӶڳĻĶӻһ±ըġ
ǧЩ˵ʲô
ֻϡöʲôըѲɣӻᱬը
ҩըһ
ǧܵزһӣҸôܲը
ĨɫЦʱӹ죬һ˵ζܼ򵥰ֻҪ㽫ĶʿıȡͿˣĵӾͲᱬըˣôûоܲ벻һ°
ĨɫԴ֮ȫǹƻζ˵ˣǧȴ˵е·ֻҪʿͲʹˡ
ֻܽʿ𣿡ǧգգ۾Щɢħһ
ĨɫȻˣСѾˣɿҪĶˣʱĶӽᱻըķѣʲôѪӰ¶ɲˡ
ǧӲ
뵽ǸըķѵĻ棬̲סŻ
ԣĶذףĶϴȥҪӴ~ĨЦţĹƻġ
ǧеĶذףʿˮ
ֻҪʿĶȡͲʹˣҲᱬըˣȥðǧذ׻ƣ䵽ʱֺȻͣס͸һĨãȻҸôȥأܸܲһЩʾ
ðĨû˿ĲͷЦˡ
ĬĬسһɲǣкֳһ档
һͬӵŮˣŶذ˸УûѪӿǸŮ˾ûоʹһ̵ø룬Ȼͽֽ
ʱѪ磬еŮЦŽһȡ
ǡһδεӤӤ¶ѪСĺǿӤȡʱŮ˺˵ڵϣһΣҲ֪˶þȻˣʧѪ˰ɡ
Ĩٴδ˿ǰĻ˲ɢգں۾ǧ㿴𣿡
ǧգգ۾ȻǻЩ죬ʵеһи죬ͷ·һþ֮У˼붼֧š
Խ룬Խ벻·˫קֽţ޴ӿ
Ϳ㶯ְɣȻĶӾҪը~ĨЦƺЩֻ
ǧеĶذףٴλɢ
һһƣذ׼ĶѾ϶ˡ
ȥĨ˷ܡ



724 欵ľŰ

ǧ´һ㣬һɲǣѪƮ¡
ѪĨ˷ܣڿƮţƺ裬ٿ㣬ٿ㣬Ѷʿ
ǧ񱻹ƻһҪø
Ĩ۰ͰͶţڱ仯Ī⡣
ǧҪøʱɲǣӿƱ仯
ǧֻú󱳴ȵҪһͷŭһȻ֮󱳴ѣǶԭǳɫľŰý޶
ɫ欵Ļ䡣
Űۿļٶţ󣬱Ļ䣡
ǧȻ۾ɴһ˲ڷ·˱ֹˮĻһĨұѪ
վɫʱԵɲһһЦƱˣ˲ֱӡ
ûõĶƾҲܽԻס𣿡
ǧ͵ؽɴһ˲ɣ˷ǳľŰޱȣͬ
ǣѪѪˣ
ͻȻ֮䣿
ѪѪĨȻɴ۾Ҳɪɪ
ȻѪѪЩ֪Ų
еʶѾˡǧЦеĶذ׺һȻ֮䣬ֻáǲһ
ǧǰƯլӣͬһ㣬ķѡ
ǰһȫ꣬ǰķ羰Ҳһ䡣
ˣˣùˡ
ʲôլӣһֱİַУЩһУǹĻþþеĶԻá
Ƿеζԣһֱլеĳ嶯
ղŵĨǱŷԼʲôӣʲôСӱӻᱬըЩҲͳͳǻþѣĿľԼʿӣԼ
ֱ
ǧǰƬڣĿ䣬ľŰұĿһ˲·ַܽ
ܿ˿ûпĨҲ֪ȥˡ
Ǹ˵Ķ
ǧ۾ٴξ쳣еĨսҲй·˴һ£Ͳƽ
СѾͷ⼸쵽ôˣһֱڽ㣬ôǧϣЩµһ䡣
ұһþСǧŤͷɫ䡣
ÿģԱһСѾͷôģˣ
ôˣǧޱ顣
ñıסˣӿռȡһСӵݸԼɡ
ǧӹСӣһ۾Ϳ˾еԼеԼǺǰһÿȴ˷츲صı仯ǰҲ䣬ȴδ裬˽ѹ֣мܲס
ֹˣĶǰȻһʺɫĺ
ұĺɫĿǳⶫͻأس֣Եøӹ˼֡
ǧַǰĺ͸һĨΪӵΪʲôģ
ͺӾڻһұڰȴƯš
ѽǰôк⼸쵽׾ʲôЩӵؿǰĺҲⶫЩ졣
ǧ˼
ЩһֱڻþУլӣȻ˯Щ컹ԲеΪȻڸղţ뽫ԼĶʿûгɹΪܸо󱳴ȸУҲ֪һʲôϮˣҲ·
֮ͳ˻þع鵽ʵ
һ뵽ĨȣǧȻ뵽󱳵ľŰ
ѪѪѲɣͻȻѪѪĹͣ
ӣҿҺ󱳴ôˡǧȻ
úɣ󱳴һۡ
ֻһȴڵ
ĺ󱳣ĺ󱳡
һû˵һĻǧЩͷشЩ˵ҵĺ󱳾ôˣ
ĺһǳĺһоŸĺ޵ģƯý󱳳ĺһ˲侹Щ졣
ôͻȻ仨е졭°ͣŬ˼
ǧȴõĻŵһ㶡
޵ĺ
ǵã󱳴ĺǳɫģΪδѣڰһֱѣʧˡ
񣬺ô欣Щ仯Ѳɣˣ
ڲ֪£
ǧ²Щ˼оͷˣһʲôû¡
Ҫ֪ڰѣϹԲ̻öѪʲôûеȻѣǿµġ
֪ˣ󱳴ľŰͻȻŰѪѪ㾹ȻѪѪ𣿡



725 ᲻ˣ

ǧһۣ֪𣿡
һ㶣ȻѾ֪ˣͻ֪ˣ
ǰǧ
õԲ˫㶼Ѿ֪ˣΪβ߱ãҲñЩ׼ʧ̬
ǧʼ磬ʲôû˵ӿռóϣܿͽľŰסˡ
ɶǰǶȴһ취ҲûС
ǰôأǧʶá
תӣ۾һԿ
ǧôˣûǰĺȥϲһ˾Ͳ֪ѪѪˡ
ӣķЧǧ΢΢𴽽ǣȥʱҲͬǰһͷ·δѪѪһ㡣
棡
ǧЩϲȻѪѪЩ鷳ڶ˵ҲһֶΣϾʱ˺ܴߣ·һӾִܵ۷壡
ȥҪô죿ÿš
ߡǧ۾ĨĶ϶棬վҾǵٻǿˡ
ǵٻ߽
ǧ˫ɫ֮һᶨ
ǸһҪõ
Ҳܸоиõı۾𣬡ǿЩߣǧñˡ
ǧ̼ӿ˽Ų
ʱպ죬ȴֺܿȥ
ˣǻǽĨ欺ɫӡĵס
һ⵽׻Ǽף
ǶԴ۷׷ףƬϵд½ˣǻղŵĺɫͬѪһ㣬Σա
ǵʲô
᲻ǻ֮ף
ÿ½ڲ²׷ףЩҲסˣʱٹٴ˴׼¡
ʱվ½ĳ¥ϣŰֵգɾڸղձѪɫĹâסˡ
Ĩɫ欣Ϥ
˲֪ξ᲻֪
ѪѪʱŻֵѪɫټĨѪɫոҫ۶Ŀϸʱܲ¶ĵơ
ǷѪѪѾѵף
šüͷȻ佫ռָڵϹԲȡ
ʵҪģΪ˱ڰٶ֣вűȽϰȫ
ޱȵϹԲ̣˿ȴһ㣬ʺޱȣƯúƲʹ⣬ѪѪ֮ϹԲ̵
򴽣ɫһƬӡ
ӣղžôˣҹ뵽ղſһУЩȡ
ղŵպú죬Щˡ
ˡζеϹԲ̣֮
ҹãȻͻȻ俴еϹԲ̣һ˼ͷԺл˾ѪѪ
εɫЩӡ
ҹǲ죬Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ˵ҪѪȾϹԲ̣ϹԲʱѪѪ𣿡
γĬ
ҹ򴽣£Զڻþ֮УϹԲУôͻȻأҲ̫˰ɣ
ҹҲǷε֣ôҲ벻ûϹԲ̣ûѪȻѣЩ˼飬ķˣԲŵġ
οԶɫһ䣬һֿܡΣյʱ򣬱ܽǱ
£νֽס
Σ
ҹҲ΢΢һ㶣Σˣ
þȷΣյģɵʲôΣգѪѪ
ȫǧΣյĻ棬᲻ˣᱻᱻ۸᲻Σоͳˣ
򴽣һ뵽ǧôҲ
ɣҪѧԺһˡתɫڷ졣
ҹ΢΢һ㶣½Ҫ뿪
Ǿ뿪ˣҪЦˣ
ӣǺòײ½һˣˣǸǻ𣿡ҹҧֵҷ˼ȻѾѪѪѪѪȻǿ϶ʲôΣա
û˵һĮ
Ӵ˿̾ȥҲһܼˡҹþ˶ܽȥģִҪȥǵȵ˴ӻþʱӻǵúͷ˷ֿھͽˣʱͷһˡ
һ
Ȼ½Ųвǳǳš
˦䣬ǰ״ҲøɣҾһΣȻ£ѡ
ҹı⣬˿
ڵӺǰͬūˡ
ȫ֪ҹۣη䣬Ųʹȥ


726 һֻûõħޡ

ʱַС
ǧȥȫ֪Ǹūķβ㶪ѧԺڱҹȰסˡ
硭ǧһ磬ҲЩ̡
Ⱦ纮ˣòһ䡣
ǧҡҡͷҾÿ߶ҡǷΰɣû뵽ϲҰ
ι˹˲ɶۣһò˵ˡ
˼ǧַһ繬ĵطΧĸȼţɫĻ治Ծţֱǹ졣
ǧδɫĻ棬һ
ղڻþĨĻɣ
ǧɣȴֲǰ棬һ˲ǰһ˷롣
ͷ·ʲôԻһ㡭ǧĿһ䣬ھլǼԺԲױԻˣҪԻûţ
ȡȼĶذףſһ
һ˲ֻáǲһǧǰǵ͸Ļ˲ͱƣʱһֻ޴ħ޳ǧǰ
ħ޵󣬾һ͸ӣһâҡҡҷҷ·һ㣬ÿ쳣
ǧ͸еâ
ƯĹâܿ϶ǵâģ˵ǹâ˵һػ档
һأɫƯ棡
޴ħ޽еľ޿ֿǣǧŭһ
ǧ˲Ŀ䣬˵ͷޣ
޴ħû˵ֻǽǧ
ǧ˫Ȼ˫ɫģЩѪһЩӵӣլпɫ
𴽽ǣЦЩУլпâ
޴ħգգ۾оЩƮž顣
ǧɫ۵ףٴιЦ𣬡㲻ýţֻѣϾҵʱ㺦Ŀɲˣʿʲôģ˵ңҸòñأ
޴ħû˵ȴתͣҲ֪Щʲô
ǧ΢䴽ǣ˵뱣ֳĬҲУһҲͬ˵ϻġ
һ䣬һɱ֡
޴ħޱеɱһһ뵽ѪѪצٵأƺװ
ǧľٶЦһӴղŲͦôҿһۣʲô𣿡
˭ˣ˵˵޴ħ㿪˿ڣլеĨһԴҵĳѨУҳͷҲӦ
ǳ˰ǧĿ䣬һ˲ж쳣
޴ħ˲䱻ס죬һʱ֪˵ʲô
ҼʱѣȻǸˣ˵Ҹòñأǧһƽ֮еɫŨ
޴ħ޼һһʱҲ֪Ρ
ı¾þȻûþǸԼɱԼͻһԿϷζҪ̫ˬ
£ཫıƵĻþȫˣ˿̸ûл֮
޴ħһգôƫƫѪѪأ
ߵ޴ħǰǧ½ŲΪ޴ħ޻ᷢǰȴûκξٶڳһģѲɡһ뷨Ժлֻ޴ħ޲ֻþı£񶷵ı¾Ͳˣ
ǧ޴ħ޿һۣͻȻһĨ
ôӴĶֻþҲ̫û˰ɣ
ٹˣٹĻҾͶ㲻޴ħ޽ǧвš
ǧһЦؿҲ𣬡ҪζҲǼĻþʲô
޴ħû˵
þûðʱǧѾȷһǸûõĶЦøѾ֪ˣһֻֻþûħޣþһƣûκμֵ¾ǵϵ⣬ζ㣬ֻܳܡ
޴ħ޵˫ƮһĨ־ɫֶ
֪ˡг붼֪ˡһ군ˡ޴ħһеĿ־Ũͷ·Ѿɱһر
ǧȴûκͬУǻãҲɱ˲˺ħ˰ɣҲܸЩˡ
Щħ޶˵סһֻϹޣڿ㣬Ҳûһ޵ӣһֻħޡǧ򴽣Цôҹƣûþ˺ħһһɱģһ䵥ģҲĻþˣԻȥԺŻὥȥ



727 ȥĻ棿

޴ħû˵ͷȴø͡
ǧü֪Լǲ¶ˡ
ΪʲôҪ̾أǧֵڴ䣬Ŀȴ͸Ļ棬аɣ
һ䣬ǧԿһƮ
ǧۣ֪Լֲ¶ˡ
⵽ʲôأֵǧȴһ˵ĸо˾ηѡ
޴ħȻ̧ӵеģ㻹Ǵͷɡ
Ŷӵеģǧһ¸ΪŨˡ
͸ĻٻղŸӼˡ
˼ңʹԣ㻹ǿЩ뿪ɡ޴ħ۾طʲôþѰұ𣿡
͸ľǱǧգգ۾ִǳֱôҵģ˵뿪Ҿ뿪̫ûˣ
޴ħ򴽣һʱͲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧüֵңһδ㱨뿪ˣǰװױ㣿
޴ħһ㶣˲ŵɪɪ㵽ҪΣ
ǧȡȼĶذףٵھ޴ħ޵Ĳϣѡһ潻ң
˵÷ǳֱף޴ħҲˣ򴽣ҲŲҲ°
ûУѡ𣿡
ʡ
ǧҡͷĿûС
޴ħЩؿǧƺʲôشǣⶫȿˣҲ˺Щ꣬ôҲͲܸЩ𣿡
һѾʴȣǧЦ㻹ҪȥҪɺã
޴ħٴδһּۻȥ϶ģðɣֻ沢˶ܼԦģ㵱Ҫ𣿡
ǧͷɫᶨȻ
޴ħ޿һۣɫΪǻĶһûнˣͻ⵽ɣʱͻ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ⶫһֱںΪ
ΣҶҪ档ǧüɫΪᶨ˼֡
޴ħ޿ҲȰ˵ˣʱǱɶĻͽʬԵҲóڶ
޴ħϲţƺѾ϶ǧᱻɶ
Щ͸Ӵ򿪡ǧָָǰ͸ӡ
޴ħצӣ͸һ㣬һɲǣ΢紵͸Ӿ⿪ˣһ⿪ǧܸΪؿɫĻ档
ĨɫƯƺӳ˵Уǧ͵סĿڣܸоǵǿˡ
·˵ЩȡЩȡǧǰĻ棬֮һƬȡ
棬һˡ
ʱһֱǧͷҲЩȣǰĻ棬ѾOΣ찡ⲻϹŻôָط
ϹŻ֣ʲô
ƺ֪ɻȻһۣ㵱ʲôϹŻ־֮ΪĻ棬лֶûϹŻֺãĻϵħҲȲ
ǧ΢㶣Ȼô
Ȼˡٴ߶߶ܽϹŻֺĻϵħںϣʱĻϵħһ¥Ѿˣ㲻û⵽ɣʱˡ
ǧü⻰;޴ħ˵òࡣ
ֱӸ⵽ɣҿһɲǣһ˵иУԣһΪá
İɣҲ⵽ɵġǧиǰһƬ̲סҪȥŷ
ˣȥԿɡðڰ֣мʲôûᾡġ
ǧһ
ֳɫȥȻɴ۾
޴ħҲŵɴ˫ƺ뿴αɶġ
ǧʱǵһ£ֱָУת˲ʧܿ͸һȶӡ
ûãǵȶȾʧͷ·δһ㣬ǧ˶֣ٶ˶ţȫûоʲô仯Ǻǰһ
ǵڣûкˣ
ǧЩ˼顣
ú;޴ħ޸Ǿޱȣ涼ȥ˰Ȼûʲô󶯾
˵ϹŵĻ֣ô˵ҲųķӦɣ
ʲôӦûУͺˣ
ǻ
˵Ѿɺˣ˵ǸղſľͲʲôϹŻ֣ʲô¥Ҳ˵
ú;޴ħ˼׷ף̲סæǳСѾͷϹŻ𣿡



728 ţ

ǧЩãȻգգ۾Ҳ̫
ͷųϵħÿðļĿЩС
ǧҲ֪ûеõϹŻ֣ϵħһɲǣһŽĻڵϸߡ
һħôˣ
ҿɫĻ⣬ǧԼѾϹŻںϵˣ֮ϣǲϵĻҲһӾͼշˡ
ôǽϹŻں˰ɣǧŤͷеĻǿ
ɫĻⲻԾһʱҲ
ú;޴ħ޼ˣ̱סˡ
ô
Ƕǵİɣ
ȻһӾͽϹŻָշˣǿϹŻְʲôèϹµĻ֡
ȻɾͽⶫշǴĳı̬
Ǻǣ㾹Ȼշˣ̲סǺһ𾪣ľ
ɾ޴ħȴôҲ벻͸ͰͶǧ͸Ųţ㾹ȻϹŻշˣôô㵱һ㲻õĸоûУ
вõĸо͸ոֵʱˣǵڲŷǧʼ磬оԼ쳣
ͷħʱڷ·ָоܰ
޴ħͣһʱ֪˵ЩʲôۣͲ࣬һ̬
ҷˡ޴ħһ飬һľؿǧ
ȻѪѪܹһЩ˵ı죬ǺշϹŻ֣ǧ쳣ãȻսʱ뵽һþУ뵽ڻþеʱţǧüͷ
Ҽǵãڻþйü죬ôʵУҾ˼죿ǧŤͷ޴ħޡ
ӴĿ⣬޴ħ޲˶ӣǸҵĻþǺʵʱͬģͷ˼գʵҲ˼ա
ǧɫڣ޴ħŵò˵ˡ
ǧ˿ڻþд˼հ
޴ħСؿһۣŴյӰɡ
գ
ǧ󣬱˲Ť
ȻǸطԵգ
ǧҧгݣȻķôЩʱõѰĻȻѰٱɣ
޴ħ޸ܵŭ˲ŵõһ±꼰
ǧƳͷһЦ㾹Ȼǹطôãţ
Ҳǹġ޴ħɪɪȫǿ־ɫ
ǧӵеɫãѰϹŻ֣Ȼɾûˡ
޴ħ޲˿Ҳ˵ȫˣ
ǧüֵ´βҪҼ㣬ȻĻҿɾûô˵ˡ
޴ħ޻һͻȻԼӦðˣطѾûϹŻ֣Ҳǰ״ȥѰĵط
ȫ֪޴ħЩʲôǧתߣյʱ䣬ĵȥҵʲôǾͺˡ
ʱĸطİһɽоۻᡣ
µӹÿͰͣȫˣп޴ֻÿÿͰ͵ġ
˵ŮȥþܻܲŻҧŲժҰӣĵʡ
ӺʹһۣĬû˵
Ѱ׻̾һþʲôطǳ˵ĵطħ޻ˣȥ˾ܹЩҲˡ
Ҳԡ긽ͣȻϹޱ̫Сˡ
ôʲôЩףǵıǲӦú𣿡
ҲЩ⣬Ǻ͸ǧ޿κΣ˭
ǵȷӦúǸŮˣΪһֻǿߵĺ꣬Ķ޲ĬĬ˵ЩʱԼħˡ
ҵá׻צٵأŮ˱ϾңҲûʲôӦþͺ޲𣿡
ֻħ޶ݺݵؿ˰׻һۡ
ɶǶˣȻһ㶫
ֻħĬĬز˵ˣȴ׺
׻ЩίҲûʲôɣ
ʱͷһǾңҲŲ
ֻħ޻δӦʱ򣬾Ϳɽеһʯ鱻ˣ֮һӰ˽
ζӦǸ࣬ζôЩϤ
ֻħһӽ䱸Ŷڲš
ףôȫһŮ
ʱֻħ¶ıţ
ǧýɽΪɽʲôö뾹ֻħޡ
ֻħ޶һ𾪵ı鿴ͷ·óһ


729 ĸСӶ

ʲô飿ǧ¾úЦ̲ס٩ѲɣطҲܽģʲôñ
ñֻħ˲侪ѣһӵؿǧ
ΪǿˣǾԲŮ˵Ŀһ˵ʲôǸ޳Ůɡ
ȥ˻þ
ôͳˣ
ϻûκ˺ۣ
ֻħ޶һۣڽǸӣŮ˵ôģþôΣյĵطȻܻųֱ̫˼ˡ
㾹ȻųˣӴؿЩڲԡ
ǧüһ΢΢𣬡ôϣҾʹ
һǲ˵ˣҲûǸ˼ɼ˵ǧڰ֣ϳ˵ӵǶԲˣҸ󣬾һֻϹҲ
֪Լˣȴŵò˵
Ϲ޶ܶԸһֻССıӶѣ춼ġ
תӣæǳԲ࣬˼ǺѣϾϹô㾹ܺ˵ĳ
ǧһֻϹʵҲôԶԸǻˣСĻһþѣֻҪþƣΪ壡
ֻħ޵ıЩ΢
þôţƵļܣȻ˵Ϊ壡
Ȼǵ˼άһ̬
ȫɽʲôǧüţѲɣΰɱ˵ǲű
ֻħ̰ڳһģĸҰǾۻһ£ǵıˣûˡ
ǧһû˵
ֻħսսһʱ֪Σᱻɱɡǿ֪ﻹʲô𣿡ǧŤͷš
ԱΪִţֻħҲЩΡ
޳ܵŮ˾ȻҪɽͷıȡˣʻʲô
˵ɽͷıȫȡˣطûʲô˰һ㲻ȥþûȡ𣿡
Ȼȡˡǧü
һǴ󱦱ɽͷҵбǿ
ЪЪɣһۡ
ǧüһҲûˣ
ɥûˣȻǿ϶ȥ
òҪˣʲôǧüһɲǼէֵֻ֣ħսսģͷ·һ֮С
ĸѰٴοһĸˣʲôС˼һˣͱɱҡˡ
ӺʹͷǾܺߣǰЩǱúòҡ
ҲգҲҵòˣ͵ʵϢһ°ɡǧ˵š
ô˵ֻħҲ˿۰ͰͶǧֻϣЩ뿪ɵãǧûһҪ뿪˼
ֻħ˲ࡣ
ô߰
Ѳ
һ뵽ֻħ޵ıͱøˡ
ǧǵı鶢ЩȻüʵ㿴ʲôѲʲôıҪԸң
ֻħͷһĸҰǾʣȥҪȥ
ǧһԵʯϣĶȥˣסжʱҾҸطסˡ
ֻħ޵ı΢ˣȻҪס̫ˡôǲӭңǧһᣬһʡ
ֻħסæشĸҰҪסþǶãǾȲϢˡ
䣬ֻħ޾뿪ɽʱ˭׼뿪ɽˣǧһһЩá
ֻħȻ½Ų۰Ͱ͵ضǧţҪ
ǰǧһЦЩزģҪмֻħҴһаɣҵʳͽˣȥʰһЩʲôģ𡣡
ֻħԣиǿͰ͵ġ
ȻǵӶʹȫҷֻĬĬ
ܿǾͷ˹Ͱ׻ȥʳͱȥʰЩ𣬴ҹʱǧѾڵҰζлԿ
ĬĬţмֻħʹҲ
ֻħڻһߣҺǧ̫Ůʵˣһ轫ɱô죿
ǧüûǡ
ȥӣƽµദţܿ͵˻þرյӡ
ǧȹվԳȥˡ
ֻħظԽˡ
֮ǰǧƿҩЩ쾡ľķϣƿҩ͸ˣһһƿÿƿķͬģɱ


730 ûѰ

ֻħ޵ҩƿӣͦ˵ġ
ǧǿһۣ뿪ûãǸط
ɹţҲûе룬ܿһЩˣɴɴǣϹЦݣӦҵЩöɡ
ôģҵöˣǧʵ
ɴɴЦŵͷţԼһֻȽϺõħޣɱħȡһЩħ޾ˣǱȽϺõġ
ǧͷԭˣǶԼħޣ
ŤͷԴǡ
ҲǵͷȫЦ⣬һ·ջΪḻ
ǹһǧƿˡ
һǣǧһ¡
Ųʱ䣬ôôǱϵ·ڣֹˣ滹մȾ˲ѪգģܿϵһЩ˿ڡ
Ǳħ޿йһɭȻ׹¶ͷԵüΪˡ
ǧȵգգ۾ǾħҲôǱɣôǧѩ߽ױϵͬȼħ޿϶ܶԸģǵȼ΢Щħޣǿ϶Ҳ취ܰɣ
ôǱ
ǧüģʲôħȺ˰ɣ
˵ǧĲ¶ˣǧѩǵȷħȺһȺȺ
ڶȺȵһȺѸ㣬ֱ¡
ǧѩƿЩɵģҲЩϣȻЩӲûô˯ãûôҵɡ
ǧһ鼫õؽĿ˻ȥ
ȴӦһȻתͷݺݵǧһۡ
ƿ汾ڻþѰҵǧѩģҵ䷽˵ֻзѩβƳϴ赤෽֪þбѩŻǧѩȥɽͷѰҡ
˭֪ѩûҵ˲ħޡ
ŪһǱ˵ֱ۶ҧˣҪЩʱգټЩҲûѰҵʲô̬Ҫըˡ
ǧѩոûоǧڿǣƿҧϣԼĳ̬ǧ
ǧѩҧڿǣӻͦ˵ġ
ƿƣˡ
ǧѩ򴽣Ҳڰš
ǧ֪ЩʲôõϹŻ֣鼫á
ʱֻһصĿڶ
ûãһӰ˳
Ⱦɴһϯɫ죬˫еˮɫǳǳʣȻ
ǻͦʱģôＯˣȾһǷģ̬ʮ㡣
һû˵ġ
ȾͷʵãӦѰ˲ٱɣ
ɴɴЦüΪƿǵɫȴ̫á
ǣûҧ㲻ǧע⵽˵ı飬ֻЩЦûҵʲô
תֳܿ˿ΪҲˣȴȫûεӰŻ½ûлɡ
ǧüĬĬ
ȻѾѰ˱ˣǾͿЩɡȾ䣬ĿƿǿûѰھһĨЦ⡣
һæ߳˻þ
һþǰľɫͷ˱仯ɾľɫһῴľɫΪͨ
ģ̌ܿţȴûпΣҲ͸ȷ˷λ½ûл
ĿջأҲüΪ
ȾþŹϣ˵˼仰Ҫ뿪뿪ǰǧѩǧѩǰЩȸ½ˣ˵ˣȥѧԺϢҿǺͦġ
ǧѩĿһ
ȸ½ˣ
ܻˣ
Ѳĸǧٷˣ
ǣͻȻѧԺʲô
ǧѩ˼⣬ȴҲþЩʲôˡ
õԺҴȥѧԺϢҿǧѩ˵ţȾѪɫ裬ģǻһĨк
Ⱦͷתˡ
ǧؿȾղ˵ȸ½ˣǧѩˣѲǧٷˣ
ǧ°ͣЦһ
ǲʲôǧٷ磬ֻҪλδ׼ȥ½кɣŰܵ½ˡ
ǧţǲǳǳ
ʱǧѩѧԺϢС
Ÿһߵſڣһ߶߶ȥЩЩ꣬мϤ͸
ǧѩЩɵɴ
ϤǧٷŶ룬֮дżɻʵôѧԺˣ
ϢУǧٷǰϻ˽ȥɫƣͣȫʲô˾


731 Ǯģ

ԭ緢ǧٷ羹ģǧѩˣһѣָҲŲô⸱ģ⾿ʲôˣ
ǧٷһϤ˫һƽյĴֱͣһŷ飬ģѩˣǶüˡ
ǰǰˣȴûпѩ㣬˵ǽ˻þѰ𣿡˵þʱоżϲ
ǧѩתͷſǧٷ羹ȻˣԶĻǸãǧˮ
ϼҴڵǧѩֻԿۣܾǴ˷ǰȻ򵥡
Ǵ˷ǰΪ˿𣿡ǧѩɫĿȴЩ䣬߸ϵŮһ
ǧٷſˮһʱ侹ЩݣѩһʲôǧȵҲһʱϲŻ˵ģǧֵ
ǧѩһãȻɱܾþûʲô£㵽˵ʲôˡ
ǧٷĿ⣬ֻ磬ҧҧûЩ˵ڡ
ǧѩšüͷ
￴ۣȿ˿ڣѩ˵˵ɡ
ǧѩŤͷдһĨм
ûϵı飬Թ˵ģǰЩȥ˺ЩʵҪ֪ʵܿͽ׻߽׵ļ飬ܿ飬ǾҪ˲ǣ
ǧѩ̫⣬ֻĸЩۣ˲ʵ֮أ
̿ˮЩݣڨڨЦһʱϣ˺öʵȫˣֽʲô˵Ѻ˻Ƿ˲ٽǱΪܿʵ׬˭֪Щʵ˿ʣµûȫҲм顣
ǧѩӲɵɴ˫ϵѪɫҲȥ
⻰ʲô˼ǧѩۣɫ䡣
һӣպյ˼ǣǧˣû˽ңӺ͵ضûˣֹǻǷһڽҡ
ǧѩֻԴһѣ
ǣǧȸ½ҲǴ壬Ǹ߸ϵĵճŮټʥŮݣȸ½ķˮ
ȴǧûˣʵǷǮˡ
ǧС㣬תǧ
ǧѩЩŤͷǧٷʵ˵ÿģǧңû𣿡
ǧٷסһ֧֧ģѩǧҪֵҲֻƭŻЩʵģ˭֪Ǳʣµġ
ǧѩҧгݣڻþбίجģýϵĲɨ˵ϡ
顱һأ֧顣
˲ʵ㿪ûм󣬾Ӧת˭ȫˣǧѩĿϵøȫȻûյ̬
ǧٷˣҲ΢һ£Żⲻǹѩɡ
ʲôûˣǷһڣô侲ǧѩÿҪ裬ͷĿݺݵؿǧٷ磬˵ңΪʲô
Ǯʲôİɣ
ǧٷƣЩ˼ѩСʱʥŮѧԺѧϰȻ˲ټҵװɣ
ǧѩüͷɱ䣬ǰЩҵĿռָˣʲôҵף
ʲôˣǧٷԲ˫ɰθߡ
ǧѩЦһЩεǰǰЩӲ֪С˸ˣҵҲýͰ͡
ǧٷɫ仯ͣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ѧԺΪǧѩҪʽң˳㽫ǷµǮˣ˭֪ͻȻôһĽҾȻˣôźã
ǧٷһǷϣα·ʮꡣ
ϾԼĸףǧѩҲֻ̫ǳοҲżܹа취ʽһġ
ʲô취ǧٷɺ죬żʹ֮ɫ
ǧѩ򴽣һʱ侹˵
ӹµһת¿ǧѩۺ󣬾ЦѩڻþжȻѰ˲ٱɣǽóһȥȻٽңү˵𣿡
ǧٷ󣬾ץʲôһ۰ͰͶǧѩţѩ˵òǵʲôóһְɡ
ǧѩһըˣ㿴ģһþͱħ׷ɱѰұĻᶼûС
˵ʵܱͲˣõֱ췽ҹ̷
ǧٷʱҲע⵽ϵǱѩ˼˵ûҵκα


732 ⵹ǲ~

ǧѩҧͷǰʲôûҵ
ǧٷǷϵû˵
ȴǾܣ߽ױϵôûҵˮأ
ȫŵġ
ǧˮվһ࣬ȫ䵱űʵĻҲû׼ش
üɫЩ졣
ԽȥǧˣãΪ˵ʲôġ
ǧѩüЩֺǲţҲûʲô취ûҵûҵƾô˵Ҳûҵ
ָıӣɪɪ
ǧٷ簧̾һѩڿô죿ǽҵĻЩ˻ȫҶץġ
ץ
ǧѩͷһǱץҲŶˣΪ߸ϵʥŮܵί
ɽңһʱġ
ǧѩĿ䵽Լ˿ϡ
˿ڣ
ҩ
ǧѩ뵽ʲôһ˫һҺа취ˡ
ʲô취ǧٷ򴽽ǣš
ǧѩָ⣬Цζ֪ǧ߹üãõ˵ʦʶһҩӡ
ʲôǧٷԲ˫Ŀ˵ǧһӣ
ǸﾹȻ߿ӣ
һ뵽ǧˣǸֻö˶ʣǧٷ֣޲ýǼӶźá
ûſģ⼫áǧѩ˵ЩʱЩģҵ֪ǸﾹȻҩһѣӵˡ
Ǹҩǧٷ䶯Ŵֿ꣬ܶܣû뵽ǧҩҩĻÿ춼׬ôʽң
ϾҩʦΪǮְҵ
ǰҵʱҲţۿҩɲҲˡǧѩҧгݡ
ǧٷָڵûǧһЩҸﻹҪ˹ϵȻָʹΪǧˡ
ǧٷڲѣҲɲģ˵Щʲôã
ǧѩЦûйϵǧҵ׽ˣӣҲǵӣǵȡôˣ㽫Ӷ£ҲǿԵġ
뵽ЩӲӵĽңǧѩͷѸ˳
ǧٷҲסĳǧǧҵǶ˹ϵġ
ǧѩ뿪ڣͱϣʲôֻҪ˵ǧҵˣǸǣΪŮˣ͸Тӣ
ǧٷҲͷ
ǧѩ￴һֿۣٽĿջأȻˣҾʹȥǧ
˱ƺƵ·ˡ
ʱǧõҩ
Ҫȥ½Ҳ֪ҪȥãһЩҩܹ鲻ġ
ǧңҪȥ½һ䡣
ҩŪãǧ͵ͷǰҪȥһ½Ҳ֪ʱܻЩӾͽˡ
ɣ֤ĺܺáظ֤
ǧһ߳ӣȴһ
šüͷϸһЩϤ
ǧ߳⣬Ϳĸ֮͡
ǣǧѩǧٷˣ
һծģЦǧվſڣĿתʱһĨ⸡֣ôţʲôҲû˵
ǧٷ˱һӻɼܳ⣬һ㶣ǰҪ˵Ļȫˡ
ǧҲôǿڡ
ǧٷ絹ǳסȴͱﻵˣһǧڸһǧ˵㿪һ䵤ҩӣһƣ⵹ǲ
һƣĲͥݡ
ܽӴǧжߣǲܻǷһլټ⣬ǵܻصǰˡ
вţҲһĨЦ⣬Щ̰
ǧһ֪ЩʲôЦһǰҵ䵤ҩӵһֱҲҵãǼʲô
ͽǵĹϵƲɫЩѿ˼ӣҲû˵ʲô
ǧٷҲЩˬȴֳԶĹǵȥ
һ̬Щġ
ǧϷṴ𣬡ԲⵤҩͦСģʲôǻ˵ɡ
ǧٷɫһ䡣
ô£үĸף㸸׾Ͳ˵㲻Т𣿡ͷ·ǧʲôݵһ
ףǧЦұͲǧҵŮʲôףҵ治֪


733 ǵ~

㡱ᡣ
ãл˵ǧѩ΢Цڳһϵ̬
ǧЩ˶ģ˵ˣ˵ǵΣ
ӣûţ
ʱǧٷٴοڵģǧ΢Щ⣬ΪǧҵһӾ͸óɣóһڽȸǽȼü֮
Ǯڳһֺ̬
Ƿǵİ
֮ʲôģüӽһˣ˾廹Ҫ
ҵĽңǧüĿ
⻰ʲô˼ǧٷԾЩըëǧҵһӣǽңѲɣ㻹ǻ
ǣŮӻǮĵǻңҲӦǧ£ǧƽѧԺѧϰҲͦæģ罫ӽܰɡ
ǧѩЦЦؿǧƺľ档
Ҫ𣿡ǧһЩ˵ĳҲ̫ѿ˰ɣҲ˵ǧҲûѪԵϵνġ֮Ҳȸ½ͻˣڻҲ˿Ц
ǧٷһ΢Щ
ȴǱɱ˫ۣУӾ͵ڽң˭ˣ
ҹΣҪˡһֺǰĶǧҵģݲ
ǧЦЦؿ
Ǵ˵Ϊˣֺվſڣ϶ǰƷͷ㣬߶߶˵Ųüƻ·Ѿһ
ǧһ䣬û˵
һָͷĹģƺЩ⣬ǧ㵽ôõģЩ벻۵ĹӣҾЩľƳɵģߵִ
ǧͷһֻۣԻ·档
ҩĵطֲҾߣҪôÿʲô
˵һ󣬾;뵽档
ǧۼֿؽͷ
üЩõؿǧǧʲôҪȥ濴Ҳɣ
ǧЦòޱȣȴȻǲɵģǶҵˣΪһôɵǷŽ
ǣ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ֪ǧ˵ǣҿֻǣǧཫҪһ㶼ˣ
ǧͷһۣˡ
Ĳݣһקסǧ󣬵ǧ¹ǧңɲԹۣǲӺһڽҽǧǾˡ
ǧ뽫ָ̫ûˡ
ǰǧԹۣǧҿȫָˡǧٷҲ顣
ǧӹµһתǧĳˣ
ǧٷǵģὫҲȫŪû˰ɣ
ԽԽֿܣǧ˫ֻأһ̾Բǧûʲôϵˣ̬ȺһЩὫҽǣֺģҾҲ벻ʲôõǡ
ǵɫһ䣬˲ͱø
ǧ˵ʲôǲ裬ǧҽһ㵱ģʣȹھȥ
ǧô˵ҪȥƣһĸҴʲôľͺˡ
ǲƺĲǧһֱһŽ߷˳ȥҵӣ뵽ĸȥ͵ң
סýҡ
ҵģһӡǧһ۵ϵֽĿͶǧٷϣǧǹ˶£ҺǧûϵˣϼҴڵǮ󰡡
ǧٷɫޱ䣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧɫòֹͣЦǧүҵģֻҪڵһ죬Ǿֵһô
ԸֱɫǧЦЦֵǻĻҲ棬ɵʱȱ첲ȵĻǿɱް
¶һŵı飬ǧЦǳǳоƽ˼ֹܵζڶԸ˵ֶλͦģټ˫ϵħʦҩʲôģΪܶùң
ɫҰֽ
˵òȥ˫ϵħʦ鲻˵ҩʦְҵӵгߵĵλƬ½ϣ˭ҩʦȥ
Ϊǹȥ൱ڰԼ·ƣʱҪҩȥɣ
ǧٷ˲Щɵ
ǧѩҲЩûڣû뵽ǧƤˣҩʦû˸ʲôġ


734 Ϊ

ǧǡճĬָıƿڴ
ǧӶ䣬һϣٸǰͱҲˡ
ﱻϵסŵɪɪͷ·ס˲ӡ
ǧѽŲ͸ˡ˵϶ģг˿־塣
ǧеɫΪˣ֪ˣ
һתֵͷ
ǧջЦȻ֪ˣǻ
ӵ𣬱Թһ뵽еı䣬ͲˣܵǧٷߣģЩί
ү㿴
ǧٷ籾ѵǧһ䣬ɻȴôҲ˵ˡ
ǧ˫ֻأҲֵڣһ仰û˵תС
ǧٷģ˫ࡣ
ָıӰԶ˲ֹүǧô£ôˣһҲǣ
ұ죡ǧٷŭһʵھû˼˾һ˦ϣ˵Щеûģ̬ȺһЩǧܾͻὫһڽҸˡ
ﱻˣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧٷӶˣֱ˦뿪
վһޣûһҪߵ˼
ǧѩҧ˵ҩһۣת뿪
ʱһˮóৡһˮ̽Ⱦʪˣһˮ£һĴ̹ǡ
죬˲ͳ
ƿڴĸ۵ģˮ֪֪ҵݣǲǣ
ǧվεĽˮЦؿ
֪ǧĴڣֻһƿڴ
߰ɡǧˮ֪ЩˮģŴֱ꣬ӽˡ
˶µģˮｫߣ㻹ǲҵŮˣ
ǧˮʲôû˵ɫЩ
Щ뿪ǧˮ£ʹδ˳
һȺûʲôµˣҵҵĵҩӣ˼ĽǧһЦдżֳ
ǧңղŵľʲôˣĴóüͷҲŽȻԸղЩ˵ΪЩ
ǧڰ֣ĮһȺȸ½ʶˣһЩ̰С˵ģˡ
󣬲ɵͷǧҺʱȥ½
ǧһɫֶЩˣҲѹȺҲ˲ʱ䣬ѲĽ
üͷ΢Ȼ뵽ʲôһˣʱͲȥ½ˣЩûóѹŻ֣ҵ취С
ǧһ֮һ뵽Щ˻ƤͷЩˬ취Ƕͷ
ҲԡĵͷҲ̫ԴƤˡ
ǧԭվ˻תصͷլӡ
뿪ʮգլڻǸɾǳǧ΢ɨһ£ָԼЩŻص˷С
ԾǧӰ˲ӳֽϣͷǰһ˫̱
Ҳ֪˿̷ʲô֪ʵûǧԺģſ˯ˡ
½ʹ
ϸӹڴ輧ұŤ֫˦һɲͬŮɢޱȡ
֮ｻСԱۼвСһߵؿҲĺӡ
ݵĮԶɽ˸߲ʣģһĨ͸СǶӣˮһ㡣
ȴǵﲨܲˣִſӾŹʳ
ʱϵʵ΢΢ò㣬ƻӳʱһߵӡ
ӣ磬ѵص½ЩƲˣЩϲ
̧ӳڵƻ£ǾΪˣ̾ѡ
λӣ½ķΣ
ܺáεڣǲԸ˵ʲô
˫ƺԷε̬Щϲһ뵽ʵֻеĲ죬ЦϲĻǾٺòˣҲǻϲġ
δǰӡڵƻתԵ̺ÿ
ü沿ͷ΢е񣬿ûаͬƾˣ˵Щˡ
ǲϲλ˵ģͺоһ磬ҹ˵겡Ѿˣ
ʳЩʱڵ˾ޱ䣬ϵҲһ䣬ͷ·ԸȬƵġ
νƱ£ɵĮ磬ǵģҵĲѾˡ


735 ү

òȻ뿪½ѪѪֵܻȸ½շתԼʵΪȸ½ΪĴʦ
ҲΪˣܰȻȸ½˳ҵѪѪ
ڴҲĹֲҲҽУ׾پǸλá
ΰžƱǳǳģȴͬ˷籩ޱȡ
֪Щʲô˵һ㶣˺һЦϲ󲡳Ϊ˱̫ҽɡ
˵䣬ʹһɫ
ʱһŮվһϮɫɴȹҲϳˣĺЩƮ
΢΢£óŮүɡ
γŮӿһۣüͷ´ϣүŮƼҵĵճŮĭĭЦǰڶţɣƽﲻҩóҽóŮ㿴ɣ
û˵·һĬϡ
ĭƺЩˣӲ֪λӲ¶ү˾Ϊˣ
ֻĿͣ·Ҫһ
ĭǰҪȥͱνסˣš
үôˣĭգգ۾ЩؿŷΡ
βҹһۡ
ҹ⣬ʹӿռָͳһӣƽֱӸ˷εϣӣˡ
εͷֲĭС㣬ڿ԰ˡ
ĭϵӲһ㶣ࣿ
һסеĲʰΰûãĭͽֳ£үǿѾûˡ
üһʲôû˵
ĭ۾һգƺЩί΢΢ſ£үǿʲôѾˣǼõġ
΢΢ס˺һǿڵǼϸˣ
ĭ΢£䣬ɴһİɫ۷׷ɣÿ쳣£ŮѾϸˣүǿǳûκεĲ
ɫЩӣ˺һǿЦ磬ϲ󲡳
ЦţƱξơ
Ҳ豭֮ȫ޲
ͷˮ£˼졣
ĭ£ĿȴһֱڷѾòסˣԺϸ󣬱ʵүȢ𣿡
ĭһۣŷβţ·Ҳ֪ʲôһҲһĨ⻮
ƺĭͷδնԣҲǲķ̧ĮسĭһۣöɢѾȢףСΪҪʣ
ĭסû뵽λش
ȻѾȢˣ
ֻܺʲôŮأ
үѾȢˣĭüִɰʵ׵ļƣķ˶ȻҲǳɣ
ĭЩϲﾹѾ˽ȵǣ˭Ůܹȵù
ƼҵĵճŮҩ츳ˣ˭Ҫӣ˵续ͬվڶ˵ĹŮ˼Ϊ䡣
ܺáǧεüĿͣѩ˻顣
ĭȻɴ۾ﾹҲ¶ı飿
ʲôŮӣ÷ԣ
ĭҧҧеĲϲԽˡ
˵ҲĿջأ͵һ
ĭҧȴֲҶ˵ʲô
磬㾹ȻѾȢˣЩؿ˷һۣȫ֪ѾȢס
εͷǲԸ˵
ļҵŮӾܵõۣҲмֺ档
̧Įˮȸ½Ůӣ˭ҾͲ͸¶ˡ
üһƺ̬Щ
δմȾ׵ˣȫûĲϡ
磬ȸ½ôʱ䣬˵˵ȸ½ã½áŰƱһ䡣
νëĵԼҵĴ½ȻǼõģڱĴ½ҲͦãûκηܻøΪ̹һЩϾʱһһòĲˣкηѾˡ
ɫüΪѿֻӬһ
⻰ʲô˼
ڰָʲô
תţɫòҰ쳣ǷûǷûȥȸ½λˡ
ԣǸڰָԼĻλ
ϵľƱһ˫۾ǳ˵Ц޵½ƽʲô


736 ӹţ

Цĺ·ܽ˵궼ȥ
ҧɫֱ䣬Ҳ֪˶ŹЦ統ǻ˵Цˣǰ̳ضһζΣ
áƿ꣬ġ
Ĳϲ
δȫɫΡ
˼һתֽĿ䵽ĭϣƼҵճŮ󣬸츳ˣܽŪߣҲǼõġ
磬ΪƴСĭΣš
ĭԼ֣̲סֳοȥƶ˷˼ˮԵ
ɷȴûһۣ׵һŮﶼһġ
˵ʵǧûǰÿŮӶһģɵǧֺ֪˵ɫʡ
һһ
ĭȴ˫ܸ࣬о䱻ιһڹ˷쳣
νƱ£΢վҲ̫ϲ֣վȻȥˡ
䣬δȷڣ˳ȥ
Զʵ̲סֱֱߵİƱڵϡ
顱һƱ˲֧顣
ںȾƵĴǺסһսսպյģŭ˷
һֱ˦̣Դڼһ仰Ҳû˵
һҲɢȥһʱ乬ڱð쳣һڵضʹеǧ˿ڴϺ˯ֱ̫Ȼ˫
һеҲȥ
ǧ˼·վڸɸɾȫûһ˵ĺۼλδ½
ξδ½Ҳ֪鴦ˡ
ǧֹһ䣬߳˷䡣
˼緹ǧ;ȥתת
ڻþѰ˲ٱȥа̯ӦټǮǧţ˫Ц״ģƯ
ǧһ£ͳˡ
һţǧ;óڵķЩԣǺʲô飬һݺݵģ·ʲô¼Ϊ
ģǧТʲôǧüɶ½ŲڽЩʲô
˵ѧԺиǧģǸТŮ
˵ǸǧǴȸ½ģɾգ½ǱߵͶȴǱ˳ȥ󡣡
ǧǷ˽ңǹǧҪĿҲɣǧȴǲóֱǲТǿĸװ
Ҳ˵ˣƽ¥ǼҩӺǧģ˵⼫ãǵСҾóأһֶó˸ˡ
߶߶˵ţǧҲװףΪǸŮǣ
ǧȫޱ飬üͷȴһ塣
²״һҹ֮侹Ƿм䶨ʲôڴ¡
ǧЦһܿ뵽Щǧˡ
ֺģȴʲôҲû̵Ȼװ֣˭֪תͷ۵ֶΡ
ЩԷӵգûţ
ǧһ˿ȴûȥˣֱûô򵥡
ȹڣæǳӵķȥ
ŸӸǧŵһŨѪζ
ǷѪ¼
ǧͷһ͵̧ȥֻһۣüͷͽ
ȻûдʲôģǰĳʵڶӾȻмٽŴľͰſڿڹѪ
ڹѪƮѪζŨҷǳҩһֱӶµҩĶӡ
ʲô˰ȻſڹѪҲ̫˰ɡ
ǰʵ̫ˡ
Ⱥɢȥ˲ð
Ķ̣ҪȥЩٽŴ󺺽ʲôСҵٸǱ߸Ǵ⣡
ٽŴȫ£ͷЦȥǰΪǻ£
ɺһ
ٽŴǼЦţЩӣʱǣЩ뿪ӣ֪ӵĶǸТŮҪңȻȣֱɥĲ񣡡
ٽŴԴǣ·Ǵսʿǡ
֪ʲôɱ˵˵Ŀһ䣬޲ýȺٽŴŪ
ٽŴֵȻ֪ȫǵİն֪ΪһТŮҹӣֺӳҪš
˵ţǽľһʣĺڹѪٴ
㲻Ь˲ͱȾ죬ǡ
ˣٽŴǹЦҪӹţҲùԹԹţ
Ӵж󣬾Ȼҵӹţ
ʱһŮ


737 ˣ

лżּڽ˲ͽٽŴǵĿȥ
ǧϴһȦ˲¶һĨޣһЩ̰֮ɫ
ŮƯⱲӶûôƯŮˣ
ȵȣŮ˵Ѳɣ䵤ҩģ
ٽŴ򴽽ǣɿʵģ
ǧüһӵȷҵģ˵ҵӹţ
Ŀһϵľ裬ЩɭɭģӴ˭ǵĵӣǰڹѪ
ʣٽŴ΢Щ飬ȻǱɭסˡ
Ǿ㣬ɱˣʲôСٽŴǲպգƺݣǶأ㻹ҶǶ֣
˵ѧԺѧֶЩ
ϧΧѾ˰գҶ
ٽŴ϶ǧᶯ֣˷·˹һ
ǧ֪ǵС˼Цһ
Χһȷ˲ٰΧţǶָָģԴǼȫǲТʲôġ
ǧ£üͷȴɲɫ
Ǽſڱ˺ڹѪ˵˷ܣͷ·˱һ
ڹѪõĺãТ֮˾ӦñúڹѪ
ôûТģȻҲǺ֮ˣӾӦóš
һ˵ţҲ֪Щյ״ӶȻУ˭˭˭ǮİǧüͻȻֲ²еܣȻ˭û»ſ߶˭İɡ
۾һƳͻȻվȺеǧˡ
ǧٷʲôĶڣǾ񿴺ϷһߵĳڰǵΪѣԵø˷ܡ
ǧüĿǳ
ʱΪǧٷ羹ȻȺ˳ȥϵ˷ܣ˳Ƿ֮ɫһĨᣬһ˵ңǧô˵ϾһڽңóҲпԭģ׵ĵȻ
ǧٷ˵ţ͵͵ĨһᣬɫƺòҰ˼֡
Ǿǧٷ̶ǧ
԰׶ǧһ㷴ӦûУǧٷϷȫǳЦ⡣
ǧٷһֵĲ죬ȻǷһڽңòǮǧҿɾ군ء
£ǴԼУǼҲǧΪӲˡ
ǧǧٷϷʲôû˵
ǧٷţ޵øγϡ
ǧ˫ֻأĮ
ǧٷ˫ͨ죬·ʮһ㣬ܵΣͿʮľ㳤ͽһڽҽӦӦɺã
ǧۣû˵
ǧٷ򴽽ǣԹףǧҿɲɢһɢĴ㣬ö¿𣿡
˵öݣѾȫ굽ǧٷǱߡ
ǧٷҲû뵽Чôã۾һݡ
ǧѩȻǸ˵ģΨǧˮϲڸɺܵ͡
ǧһۣȻǧѩվһˡ
Ȼƿǧëһ漴Ц˵ƿһģ
ʱҲǧٷôһҹ֮俪ˣҲûʲôһҹͽ´Ψпܣʲôڰǡ
ƿ棬еɻȫ⿪ˡ
˵ƿΪҪǧٷǣ
ǧ°ͣкһ⣬Ѳɣƿ滹ûģڴӵ⣿
ԽԽܣǧٷƿ涨ȻʲôЭ飬һýһõҩӣô˵Կġ
ǧؿƿ档
ʱƿҲĿͶüΪNɪؿǧһۣƺΪѾ޼ƿʩء
ǧüܿͽĿ˻ЩգЩٽŴ󺺶ƿǮŪġ
Ϊ䵤ҩӣǻɷѿˡ
ôİǧٷּᣬ׳һѳסǧ°ڣš
ǧɫһ䣬ȴûн˦
ǧû뵽㾹Ȼôġƿ濴һϷŴȺ߳һϮ۷ɫɴȹòֻ㣬ϵȴǲԶȸ½ҲǱβҵģǵ裬˸˳ȥҪ𣿡
ǧɫ䣬ЦЦ
ƿһϣȴ׳ӵǧұΪҩҲģû뵽㾹㲻Т
˵𣿡ǧ㿪ڣɤģɭ
ƿ汻һ
ǧٷҲŵýı˺öֺ࣬òͬ治Ϊǰ˻ǧ


738 Ϸ

ʲô˼ƿ򴽣һһԼ
ǧʼ磬¶һĨɫʲô˵˵һˣ
ˣ㻹˵ʲôƿЦؿѳɶ˵ЩʲôҲǴѡ
ƿ洽¶һĨʤЦݣͷ·Ѿҩһ
ǧӹǧٷ磬ֱߵƿǰƼС㣬ƺϲ£¶˵ʲôôأ
ҲΪǧ˴򱧲ƽѡƿɫ΢䣬ҲԾθ˼֡
ŶǧۣһβֵС㻹ƣһΪǧ˴ʲôЭ飬ĿģֻΪ䵤ҩӰɣ
ƿû˵˼ȴЩ㱡
ǧ˫ֻأ˵ʵǰСͱֵĶҼҵҩӺܸȤͻأδ˶룬ЩۼҲΣСֱʰɣ
ÿ˵һ仰ƿɫͰ˼֣ɫҰף͸Ϳһ׷һ
˵˵ƿָıӣ뵽˲֮ǰڻþܹҪǧϡ
ȫ֪˵ʲôƿƮʸڷϣ㣬ТѴϱʶľͺúƴĸʶľͱְǵĿˮὫ
ǧһף鶼ûô
ƿ湴촽ֵ˵䵤ҩǻǧҵĽģҲ˵䵤ҩӱӦüǧ£ȴռˣǧ㵹Ǻƣô˵飿
ڰ׵ı²Сһʱаնǧָָ㡣
ǧٷ۾޵ø
ǧѩ¶һʤӣͷ·ѾĿġ
һ񶾵ǧֻöķǳˣ˭˵ǻǧҵĽˣӻҷĽңҷôԣ˭̰ͼǧЩң
˾Ĭ֪Ϊ澹Щꡣ
ɶŮμһѹֱɶ
ǧ۾ֵǻ֪ɣұͲǧҵĺӣҲ֪ģԾͽҶһС𣬺Ҹһˡ
һƿЩҲЩȻ
Ȼǧҵĺӣһؽһǧü¼ըˣ֪𣿴СҳԵһֱȵķˣʵ̫ǾȻȵķҲܺóԣˣǿҲ˳ۻÿңüζˣҲΪǿŵԴ
Ƕסȫû뵽ǧǰôࡣ
СҲˣÿ컹ವʳҪʲôġ
ǧ˼ֱħǮӴ
ǵıЩɶǧٽһ죬ҵõ͸ҵĻԵΪħʦǧҡ
ǧգգ۾Ȧ죬ñͰ𪣬۾ĸǹǵı
ָ⣬ұúТǵģȵʳΣҲˣǻϰݾҴǿﰡһСҲûˡ
һǻȻ
죡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
㲻ģȥ
ǧٷҲһ±ơ
Ǻʱǧˣ
ǵʱȥʦǧѣȻߵǷҲ̫޳˰ɣ
ǧѩȫû뵽ô޳ܣ˶ˡ
ǧŷ۾˵ƶȻһ䣬ͺһֻ˵СڷĳֱҵʱΪֻҪŬ£ܵõǵϿɣ˭֪ǾȻҲԸ⣬ǾͱңϵǾ˵Ҫóʮڽң
ʮڽң
ͷһۣôȥ
ǧ˵ʲôʮڽңǼǧҶѡǧѩҧгݣ
ǧӣ۾죬ҲŲţֻڳʵѣʱǸҼҷҪŴʮڽңʮڽһҾǧҶ˹ϵͻȻָҪһڽңյϾ͸ˣ˭֪ǾȻ
һ٣ۿˡ
ǧٷǧѩȻɴ۾
һڽҸˣ
ƭɣ
ȳסָǧıƿڴǸģûĻøǧ˵˵иһڽңС˷˵ѣȡͬѣ
ǧëţһֻСޣǳ
ԭǱƿģ龹չֵزǾɵҲ˭


739 ׷׵

С̫ˣ㲻ҲñôȺ
һȫʲôˣĸʲôһСѾͷڼеĵλ֪ɣѾˣǾôƤĿȳǽ
ǧۣǹһĨЦݣģȻҵӣǼⲻ˴⣬ҲϣǾ͵ңҷˣֻʣһˣ治֪Ǻˡ
Ϸװ
˭ᰡ
Ǿ˭ݼߺˣ
ǧһ䣬ۿȴɺ
ǧʵ̲סֱӳ嵽ǧǰ֣һѽǧƵڵء
ǧ㣬ֱӵڵء
һ˲֮䣬ͮͮ۾¶ģ˲䲩øкͲ̡
ĹﰡǧҧŴû˵̣ĺ
Լ֣ȫû뵽ὫǧƵôһĸСһʲôıɣ
򴽽ǣһ뵽ܱǧͲʲôııģֱ꣬ˣ㾹Һ˵˵ǧҶ㲻𣿶ӱǧҵģΣ˵ǧҵǾǧҵġ
һǵһ
ʲôǧҵľǧҵĶѾǧϵˣһģǧʲôϵ
תͷȫ֮ɫ
ﲻܲˣŭ
ǧڵϣʲôҲû˵ʲôٶҲûУӰĽۡ
Ƿ׷ָҲǧָָ㡣
˾Ǿͻͬ飬ǧֵܸߵߣ˸ܼ𱣻
ƿ뱻ﻵ£ѿں˵ʲô
ǧѩҲǰһק󣬵˵˵顣
һһĻȫǱǧŪģϢˣҲ֪һѾͽǧѩ˦ˣк˵˵ǧСں˵Ϊװ΢ͳˣ
ǧͷʹʱеЦӹ졣
ʾΪԭα¶
ֻ΢һ¿ƣͳס鶼˵ˣ°ҲվһߣǺˡ
ǧ˵оѻˣղŲͦھ֪ˣСˣܾˣʶľͽӽʶĻҾ֣
ǧû˵ȴڲͣ
Ϊڿޣ˭֪͵Ц
ǧٷɫף˵ˣ˼Ѫһ˵ͣ
˵󣬰Ƿ׷׵꣬ȫǧܺߣǧҵȫһ˵ǸֱǸţ
ǲǮӣֱв
˵ָǧٷӹҲסֱקߣߣӲˣ
ţܿͱǧٷԶˡ
һˣҲ˲١
ƿ汾Ϊǧѣ˭֪ʧ̬ᵽĵز
ǧ
ȫûУ
ƾһ֮Ťת˾ƣԭα¶ǧٷʧӣҲðǶǼΪܺߡ
ƿŤˣȫ벻ǧôģֻǿһޣװװͺˣ
뵽˴ƿ˶ˣҧ俴Żڵϵǧ
ôŮ˾ȻװҲ̫˰ɣ
ƿšü޲ǰǧ
ǧΧĶ֪һʤˣȹӵվۿɺģֻСһ
ƿģ춼ˡ
ǧ׵۾ЩɳƣС㣬㻹˵Щʲô𣿡
ʱѾˣ⴦طҲø壬ƿвϲҲøѿǧҾ֪㻹ֶΣװȻʲôᰡ
ǧһĨЦܣС㣬㲻֪ǧҵ¿ɱ˵˵Ļ϶ģȻΪҪܻ
뵽ı飬ƿס
ǧתһȦֵ룬СǺʱ򣬶ȻûŪ֮ĶԹɣҲǹûЩԹ˵ġ
ƿɫЩҰס
Ǳǧˣ
ǧüЦøĪ⣬˵ˣСǲǺİɣϾʤСء
ֵڴǣЦüΪӡ
Ǳµ룬ƿȻɴ۾һʸڷϣǧ˵кǧ˺ȫ֪˵ʲô


740 ˣ

ǧʼ磬ô˵ȴδô롣
ƿҧ˵
ǧһۣ䣬ҵģúֶҵȰС㻹˼ɣ±ȽϺá
⻰ʲô˼ƿе⡣
ǧЦЩζ˵ǰЩ᳡ĳ˲ҩ䷽һֻ˱УҪǱоƼҵɾҪһǧ˰ɣ
ƿɴ˫Щš
Ҫˣȴǧἰ뵽᳡Ϸ˵һУƿ˶ˡ
䷽ȫû˲ˣϴ赤ҩ䷽ҲҪǱоɸǺã
ƿָ⣬ŷǳô֪ģ
ǧ̯֣˵ֲʲôε£źЩ˶֪˰ɣ᳡ô֣϶ȥġ
ƿɫҰס
Щһֱƽ˾ģͽ䷽ˣڱǧἰĶˡ
Щӵķƽ˾ǲǶо䷽һоƼҵǲǾͻһǧˣ
ģ
Ƽҩңᱻ壿
ǧԻڣƼǲᱻģſɣƿ䣬ֱ˦뿪
ǧ뿪ıӰϵЦȴûб䵭
Ĳᱻ
ĿԴߣƿػص˼ſڡ
δ߽ţмӰӽ߳ϻЦݡ
С㣬ǧʵڽƻǲӦһ½жǧٷƣϴֺõЦݡ
ƿǧ֮ȫˣиղǸڵҲȶˡ
жʲôжƿȫ뿴ǣɤ룬žУҪɵģ˭֪С檾ûãͷֱӱ¶˱ԡ
ƿ˵ţݺݵһۣдżּڽ
ӣԼĴڸС
Ҳܹʵǧ̫ƻˡǧٷҧò˵仰
ƿ󣬲Цһǧǽƻ˵׾̫ȻͽˣҪβߣ
ǧٷǵɫЩѿ
ƿֵУǧ˵ǲģǵĽңϾϵˣǰ
ǧٷЩգգ۾ǲ˵Ļ
ƿ⸱ģɫøѿðǹûЩ˵ģһΪܺߡ
ǧٷҧû˵
ƿգȫǴһת뿪
ǧѩüЩ飬˵˵ʲôϵأ
Ȼйϵƿ͵ػͷڵ˫żŭɫ˷ǳ֪ҵʱͲô֪ʱôǧһ֣
ǧѩ죬һʱ˵
ƿһڵľǺȺѺûõӣŪԼһɧ
䣬תͽլС
ǧѩҪסȴѾˡ
顱һŹرյڶǧ֮վ⣬Щ㱡
ôͽȥˣĲ
СǺˣǧٷָָյĴţЩɵˡ
ǧѩû˵ɫѿ쳣
ѩСǺнծǧٷЩˣ޲ȥƿ
ô֪ǧѩͺһҪʲôʵǧһ˵ⶼĴʲô£
ǧٷ类Ǻ죬ѩҿ㸸ף㱻ûûСġ
ǧѩ˦䣬࣬ûĸף
ǧѩתܣһ붼ǧٷǶ
ʥŮʥŮôܺ仧ٴȥҲҪˮˣ
Բѧ֪飬Բܣ
һ·ܵѧԺǧѩЩۣص׼ϢȴַкƶһĨ˵ϢŤͷһַ϶һ
ɫģͷиķľӣߵýŵͷɢĶʲôڸãлżѪζ˶ķǳ
ʲôǧѩüͷš𣬡Ϊҷ˭Ūģ𣿡
ǧѩǸľУȴֲ
ɹһʵܲζ;ⶫȥ
ִ붪ȴһҪ򿪵ĳ嶯
ģʲôأ
ǧѩſˮͲסֱӽˡǧѩĶ󣬾һͰľӶ˳ȥ
ľڵϹһȦͻȻһȾѪͷ­˳


741 ҵ

ͷ­ѾиõļӲӵĵطŧѪŸζѪζĵŻǧѩŵɫҰףؿڸŻ
˭ȻзһͷͷЩϤǧѩͷһ£ֳͷȥһ͵һ
˳ªͷ­˵иõļ󣬵ǧѩԶˣ
Ǹһֱв٣һˣ
ǧѩ˫ɺ죬뵽ǰһУ˫֣ǻ֮ڵŭȴ˶ˡ
˺ʧȥ٣С
Ϊʲô˻ŹԼ
ǧѩ͵סԴʹ˫ѾõѪ߻ħħȫ¶͸һĨϢ

˾͵
ȻǻԨġ
ǧѩڵڵҵһˮִˮһǿͷ­ȥɣȥɣ㺦ҵġǧѩˮݺݵڸõͷ­Ͽ˼
ǧѩ۾ؿͷ­
ûãǿͷ­ͱķѣõɽŪڵǡ
ǧѩĺأǿͷ­ѾûԭģŰ
ҽ㿳ˣ㻹Ҳҡ
ǧѩɴڷ״̬
ʱһŲڼžķ
ŵŵš
ŵŵš
Զͷ˺ѹ
ǧѩһȻ̧ʱڲ֪ʱվһŰµС
Ŀ壬Ҳһ˵УʱӸµؿǧѩҲһĨĻȡ
˭ôģǧѩˮŵһš
ͻأֵУƺЩвŵϵĸ⣬һǧѩȥʥŮǹ˶£ǰЩǲںڰħʦ𣿡
ǧѩˣ˶սսպյģǺڰĻ᳤
ϴΪѪѪ£ڰץסˣǷμʱϵҲ֪ᷢʲô
񣬺ڰ᳤ٴγ֣Щ¡
ʲôѪѪΪʲô
Ѳɣ뽫ɱ
ֲѪѪ㻹ʲôǧѩ׳ӣ󾹴
пĳ̬ĿһĨڽ֣𴽽ǣЦЦģֵǧѩ
ǧѩ̲סһеɺɫȥ
´ۣٿʵҸղŸɻϲ

ǧѩɵؿۣͻȻ˵Щ⣬ŧѪĸɢΪζһһٴǼ⡣
סڱǣʶпһۣϵǸ͹ģ
ǰϲ𣿡߽͵ɤ˲
ǧѩһ£ȴڲסеıŭҧٴŭö˶˵ĸҪֶ㵽ʲôֲѪѪ˵ûκμֵ
Ǹͷ­Ľġƿ꣬˵ĽĹϵãǵ㾹Ȼɱˣ֪Ľҵĵ£
Ľ
ӦþǸˡ
һҲϹϵһжģһжԼǧѩĺٴαóأ˫ɺ죬·ĳֺ⣬ԭĽҲǻãҲˣҵġ
м仯ɹ𴽽ǣƺЩ⡣
ǧѩ·ĳʹУٴζ϶˵ţһжĽģҳϵˮţ̫ˣ˺ü
ǧѩ˵ţ򴽽ǣЦȻˣȻҲű䰲ˣɾڸղͷ­ͻȻ֣ҰͲסֱӽǿͷˣζ
Цţģ졣
ǧѩҪħʴˡе㲻Щر׼رױɱĽʱ
ͬħǧѩס
ħ
⻰ʲô˼ǧѩü̲סѯʡ
е͵ÿ˶ħЩ˶ãЩ˶Ȼһҩܰ˽ħճħһվͻ˵һ˵Ƶһ̶ȣħͻӿ϶ϲߡ
ǧѩͷһʲô˼˵ħ
ѵû𣿡
ǧѩȻסЩȷЩԾɱĽиղͷ­ʱоԼʶʲôסˣʱֻɱˣֻѪ


742 ҴӦ㡭

ôᡱǧѩĵصһȫԼʲôħ
ޱȵʥŮôܻħ
˵˵ôܻħǧѩֵ˼˸ϡ
Ľĸһۣеıٴα˳
ǺǡЦһԼҲ϶о˰ɣǰһˡ
ǧѩҧû˵
ӦøлҶá˵һĪĻ
ǧѩֱס
ã
ȥĶʲôϵ
⻰ʲô˼ǧѩɡ
аָ⣬ͻȻ͵ЦҶҺڰˣȻҹ£ڲǰ˶мһЩҩۣЩҩѾˡ
ҩۣ
ղ˵ħܹҩճ뵽״ǧѩ亹ð˲˹ģɵģ
ǧѩҪˣЩ֪ǧĲԾͲóЩ
е͵һЦȲҲϡ
ǧѩҧס˫һʱ֪ΣħѾһаǱ˿ҪΪ˺Ķ
ΪҪңǧѩĿڣһʹĺͰա
ƴһһ䵭˵ΪҾʥŮܹɴҵʥŮҲǺڰ£Ҫѡ
ǧѩһȻ
Լڰ᣿
ΪĽɱˣܰѺڰᣬ¿ʼȴû뵽һж룬һеʼλڰ᳤ͽħ쵽ϡ
ҲߣĽ֣Ҳλ᳤֮С
ԣУһСαQӲġ
ǧѩſˮֻýһ̱ڵأ⻰ʲô˼Ҽڰ𣿡
Ц
ǧѩšüĿдż־ִ٣ҲǽŪˣָܼ빫ΰɣΰɣ
ǧѩ˻ߣһֻڱԵСޡ
Щɲ㡣пڣɤɭ䣬żԵ
ȨУӲ˵㡣ǧѩҲ֪Ȼҷ
ЦһڿһħԽԽٹþͻһʰʱ˽ῴĳ̬
ǧѩϢĿЩɢ
㵽ô
ûش𣬡ʵǹһҩܿħӾ磬Щҩǲ˷õģǣڰᡣ
ǧѩ򴽣ҲһЩĶ
֪ʲôٽ˵˵ǧǷһڽңǻĻҲ֪ᷢʲôʱҲɨء
ǧѩסԸⷢģҵһʱ˺öʵ޹ء
ΣйһЦʱ˶ֻ֪һλǧ𣬲˻ħʲô߹ʥŮȫλӰֻ˺Ķѡ
ǣҲǣǧѩʹסԴ
йٴιƻֻҪڰᣬʱڸ磬һڽһʮڽңҶ㣿
𣿡ǧѩ̧ӯӯģЩ
°ͣЦţֻҪԹЩûʲô
ǧѩƬ̣ǵ˵ͷҴӦ㣬ֻҪƽ£ֻҪܸҽңҶӦ㡱
վɤͻȻ˼֣ðӭڰᣬԨԶҲӲȥˡ
ǧѩȫ䣬ȴʲôҲ˵
иһҩ裬ָЩң뿪
ǧѩЩЩ㱡
ȻЩ˵Ѿ϶ԼӦ
һµˡ
ǧѩҩ裬վѾħΪҲزȥˡ
ΣֻڱԼѣ
һ룬ǧѩеĳȥһĨޱȵЦݡ
ʵڰҲﵤҩӡ
ǧ˲ͷĺڹѪָֻԭģǼһжᣬֽ뵽й
Ҳ֪ǲǴǧýյࡣ
һʱ䣬׬ǧҡ
ѲɣǸղǳ־磬ΪӴһѵĹ棿
ǧһ룬ҲЩܣرǧѩּΣǻ֪ˣ
̵ţĳϾȻڳһС̯λС̯λҩʲôġ
ȻҩģЩҩͱƼ¢
ѵϴҩ䷽оˣ
ǧѩ۾һǰȥѯʣʣЩʲô
̯һˣ˵òʲôУȴɹӦִĹܼҡ


743 ҩʦĽ~

һЩⶾҩ˿ڣͻȻһЦҵЩⶾҩƼҵĲ࣬ұƼҵı˶ˣҪҪһƿȥԣ
ǧһתֿʵ˵Ƽ֮˲ŻƽⶾҩҩпͷӦñȲƼҵİɣʲôٻ
ЩȴҲ֪óȻⶾҩҲǲŵġ
գգ۾ѹǧߣ˵ЩҩЧƼҵһӦ˵ǰЩ᳡˲ҩ䷽ɣ
ǧ󣬼װȵһѲɣ䷽ҽ䷽оˣ
ȻüһǼкЩҩʦżоȻоҲЩ䷽о͸˰ɡ
ǧǵǺȻҩ䷽
԰ɡ¶ϧɫϴ赤ҩ䷽ͺˣҼǵ䷽½Ĺˣĺˡ
ǧٴξ죬Ȼϴ赤ҩ䷽
˵ͷȴʹһɫСһЩˡ
ǧͷеɫȴѲ⣬û֪Щʲô˵ĻƼҵҪһǧˡ
ǻã˭һߵģÿҲľˣ˵ţЦСҪҪƿҩȥԣ
ǧͷôСϢһƿҩʲôҲΪ
һƿ԰ɡǧ˽ңȥҩ
˼£ЦԺҩͱȥƼҵģɡ
áǧüʣĸģ
˺ڵң¥Ľҡ
ǧȻصͷԭǽƳҵˣû뵽Ҳҩ䷽ҩ䷽о˳
ʱ򻹻иоҲܾ콫ϴ赤ҩоƼҲҪˡ
ǧҩһ˷ܵػصסլС
ûãڴС̯λ̯λϷĶһɫҩʲôⶾҩǿҩӦоС
ˣҩЧܲ۸Ҳҩһ־ͱһգǰһֱõƼȴʽһӾ͵ȥ
Ŷ̶̰ʱ䣬ƼӾʧأǳƼֻ»ᱻˡ
·˶Ƽȫûκͬģҩ̵ģƼҴѹԹһӾˡ
ҲҩˣƼʲôĶɣ
˲ҩֱӽƼҵûˡ
ʱƼҳƲҵ
ƿãŤˡ
ףû뵽Щ徹ȻҩƳˣƿҧгݣһްɫ
Ҳòȥһ뵽ҵ˲٣þѪңǻͬһ콫̯λڳ˵õģǹƼġ
ƿ濴˱ʧļǧңͬ˲Ӭһ㣬ף˵ǸΣȥĻƼҿɾҪˡ
һת΢Щοڣϴ赤ҩûбоȻǵĴΣա
ǰƿһ̾Ϣ
㸧ϵĲյܽϴ赤ҩƳĿǰΣվŤתˡ
ƿ뵽ŵ䷽˴ǣûͷϲûǧѩоȿ϶Ƴ
һΪڻþҵȴŮʲôûҵֱ˾ȡ
ЩҪԵġ˵ٹóڻٰһҩʦᣬʱԴ½صҩʦμӣΪҪıѩ۾һЦ⸡֡
᣿ƿ۾𣬡һεĽ𣿡

ƿ潻ָ⣬ü۲˵ϻкܶ౦ҲԴ½صҩʦڽ᳤ո¶ͷǣƼҶԶʱƼҵⶨ¡
ûƿԴЦЩú׼һ£ʱȡһˡ
áƿų˵Ĺʡ
ĴҲƺƿѾһˡ
ҩʦʮⳡڳھٰ죬ʱԴ½صҩʦϯʢȻʮ֡
һΣÿ궼˾޵ҩʦÿ궼вٽƷЩƷǴӴ½ģǳ
ÿһεĽܵ˰ǵƳ磬ỹδʼһ˷ˣҪһ


744 ϴ赤ҩ

ǷűڵķűڣЩ˽ϵļƷ
Ūĸһǧ㲻̫עЩ飬Ҳ֪ܿ˽Ĵڡ
ۿƿѾˣǧʰȥ½ҷΣ˭֪нһ磬˱ϲôһȻǲġ
춼ȥ½ǧԺŪʯϵĲ豭
÷ŶƤɹ̨ϣǾͱȥ£ǲԿģȥҲֻɽˮѡ
ǧֵ˵İ׶ӣҾô
Ҳ͸пһ¡æԼĶӣŹˡ
ǧһû˵
÷˵ϻвٺöȥ˾ܽöһգʱʱˣпԼͻˡ
Ҳԡǧɵͷ
ˣЩӱȥ̽ϢͻȻǧѩȻнˡգգ۾ѹӰԴصҲǷһڽ𣿱ǻģǧѩͻȻнˣǷǧٷڳ˼լӣ˵治֣
ǧüǧѩǮˣ
ǵãѾǧѩռָıһգôʱڣǧѩóôңլӡ
ѽһҹ֮ͱǮˡñ죬ԽԽ֡
ֵĽǧ°ͣǧѩнҵģƶԼƿųֺõ顣
ΪʲôͻȻǮˣ
ѵǧѩģ
²ǧԺлһ̾ͽ뷨ˡ

Բܣ
ƿӣԲ黹δɹǰ׸ǧѩңǣ뵽һЩĵӣҲЩǮƿģһ˸ġ
ʲôˣǧԲǰװ׸ǧѩģſǸʲôЭ顣
һ²ⱻǧڵڶ²⡣
һڱǧѩŶԷݾԲͣһǳǮǧѩǴʲôˡ
ǧ۾ָⲻϴɣǧѩʲôˣݿܻͣЩǧѩҪͷ·ˡ
㻹ˡñȻһ£ֵЩǧѩͬˣΪλӹۿ˵ͣΪԼǸʲôˡ
ǧµĶȻֹͣҲǳ˰Щ϶취ңҿɵСĲǡ
ͷ
ɹЩӣƵҩƼҵһǧɣҩʦҲ쿪ʼˣǧѩʼûʲôж
»ˮ˱߹󣬸ߣһ֮
ǧϣЩƵؿǰãѲ̫ˣǧѩЩӸûмҵ˼
˭֪ñЩӻÿɺˣǰã֮Ҳ֪ǿ˻ʲô
ǧ۾һ뵽ҩʦҪʼҲ׼˼ǧѩˣˣǧѩζûϵҪʼˣҵ׼׼˳ȥ㶫
ɰһЩһֱլڣҪùˡ
ǧһαװűȥֵĺС
ΪΪؽᵽƽĺжƽһĨϲÿϾźɫֽŻͦƯġ
ӣ⽻ỹȫƣƽɭǳĺУôϲˡǧѹ̾һ䡣
ǰȻЩϲתԴ¿ţûͿһЩȤĶ
СѾͷҪϴ赤ҩöЩɫƿӣܿ϶ϴ赤ҩ
ϴ赤ҩ
ǧۣѹ潫ϴ赤ҩоˣ
ŤͷһͿЩɫҺ壬װƯƿԵüΪء
ϴ赤ҩ
ǧЩȵգգ۾û뵽ѹ潫ϴ赤ҩƳˣߣǹȥһ¡
áͷƺҲЩ˷ܡ
߹ȥʱǧһߴź´ߵϴ赤ҩӦǸˣ˿ݡ
ģϴ赤ǧЩϤ̲סʵ
ǵġԴŰڶ
ǧգգ۾ûĻӦľϴθһȸ½ľ
û뵽ҩ


745 ȫҪˡ

ǧͬҲߣź£ĦϵߣʵʣЩϴ赤ҩôģ
ľ΢㶣һŵһƿǧҡ
ǧüƼҵļ۸ľü۸ǼΪˣҩЧĲڵһʱһա
ǱˡǧͷȴͻȻ˶Ū˼˵ֻƼ˲Żϴ赤ҩЩϴ赤ҩǼٵİɣ
ľһ㶣ߵıҲѿǳ򴽣ǰ仰Ҳǧ˵
ǧʼ磬û뵽ľС˵ϴ赤ҩ䷽ѹȥǹϵ˰ɣ
ľٴסʲôҲû˵Ĭˡ
ǧüִһƿҩа棬ƿӴ򿪣һɲҩζƮɢڱǼ⣬ζ֪ⶫƼҵĲ¡
Ȼϴ赤ҩζ֪ƼҵĲ¡ǧ̾һ
ľʮõع𴽽ǣȻ½ҲһЩҩʦǴһȻܹоϴ赤ҩ
ǧЦ
򣿡ľһ䡣
ûң𡣡ǧҩ£ľˡ
ľıӰüͷֹһвˣŶˣȻ
ǧ֪ľ룬뿪һ̯λ
ڻþõıȫ˳ʲôҪõˮʯһЩ͸ͳͳ˳
ˮʯ飬ݺԣˮʯмеĶ֮˰ٷ֮ñڲС
͸˺ö࣬һҲԲ꣬ҽһЩһ֦ڿռУ֦ѿˣŹþܳˡ
Ŀռôţƣ
͸ܹǵƳ磬һǧ̯λǰΧ˲ٹ
С磬͸ôİ
ģ̌ǹһۣ˵һǧһ
г͸гһǧңͦģһǧҲǴˡ
һ۸ͦһӾ˺ü
ûã͸ʣûǧգգ۾Ҳû뵽ôá
û뵽⻹ǧЩϲ̵ġ
ϣһ͸ڳԣôˣ϶ãˮʯôû
˼ҿϰɣǧһβ
ôƣûͽ͸ðɣðˣⶫӨ͸ζӦò
ǧһԴϣʲô⣬ˮʯҪģԾȥЩİɡ
Сߺһ
ǧ
ûã͸ͱˣ橸ƿǧѩû
㣬͸𣿡ƿֺؿǧ
ǧգգ۾Щεؿƿǧѩû뵽ȻˣֱνԵ
㲻ῴˡǧǼۣȴֺôֹһˣ
ѲǰЩӲ´ˣЩҾƿģ
һŶû𣿡ƿͻȻθߡ
ǧǹ𣬡ѽûˡ
ƿɫ࣬ǧҲ񿴳һôȻ͸¶ˣȥ޹
ǧֻЩЦ͸ҵģ˭˭˭֪ǻֲδ֪
ƿһˡ
ǧѩǧһۣ͸ƿ
һߣǧҲΪٻһ£û뵽ôֱӾˣû
㻹˼Ȼ̫ˡ֪뷨ɷһۡ
ǧſϣİƣˮʯһ鶼
˵ó˰ɡҰ͡
ǧŭһۡ
ʱһʣЩˮʯôģ
ǧȻ̧ͿһϤӰ
ȻҲԣʦȻЩˮʯ⻶ϲ
ʮڽһ飬ۡǧڣΪ»ᱻˣɶԷ˫ҹǳ
ȫҪˡ²ƴ֣ͻȻȫˡ
ǧ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ϿЩ꣬Ȼôƴ֡
ʮڽҰһó
ˮʯʮڽҡǧؽˮʯ͹ٵҪȫˣ
ͷǳ貲ѣҪˮʯѵãҲ
䣬¾ͽһöռָݵǧǰʮڽң㿴һ¡


746 д

ǧ̽̽ȷʮڽң಻ãţǶԵġ
±ˮʯ˶Ц˻û뵽һˮʯлл㡱
µлһС˲ͺˣ۷۵ɷǿɰ
ǧĨĨӣ
´ϸܵĽëţʱһ漴˹£ʲô
żȻмϤһ봫ǧϣǧʶ̧һһ¡
ȻȾһֱѧԺв
ôпճһ
壬ˮʯͻȻһһǧ۶ˡ
ʲô¾ȻȾ壬һĿɰС꣬Ȼеֶӣʵеǧǳ鴤ϴˣò˵üȷЩ˵˹ϵǿܵġ
Ըʵر𣬸뵽һ
Ҳܽ¾ûͨܽþѰΪһǿĺ̨̨ѧԺԺֻҪһ¾ܵõУֱǿң
ӴȻˮʯǿǺöȾһǷԭڣˮʯųһ˿ʣˮʯƳһЩȨҲǿԵġ
ЦŵͷΪˮʯ֣Ҳûκε֮⣬˲øһˡ
ǵ˵ǧٴγһ¡
ʮڵĶ˵ҪҲ̫ܼ˰ǧΪԼܼͦҵģû뵽ֶҪܼңֱ񹲷ߵĵز
ߣǮˣ
ûע⵽ǧԹȾסµļת뿪ȥԿЩˮʯЧΡ
á䴽˶ϲġ
Զǧ̲ס²û뵽¾ȻȾֶӣԸʮǧ⡣
ʲôġһνֻҪˮʯͿˡ
ǧ°ͣҲǣôһǿӲ̨治ʲô¶ֵ
һۣĺ̨ãв
ǧһ㶣뵽˾һģˣڲ˵
ߣ⺦˰ɣЦЩ⡣
ǧͷʲôû˵
Ѿûʲôģǧ׼ʰˡ
뿪һϣ׬˺öңͳЩöЩ˵ȥ𣿡
ǧߣһͷЦЩΣֻԽԽ̻ϢˣȻ֪ͳԷ
Ǿͳ԰ɡǧһ
ø˵ػӶצӣֻӶ˷״̬
ǧ쳣ΣһٺõģƽϢȥ
ܿ죬͵˽ӡ
ϾкöԵãǧֵҲЩ˷ܡ
ֳľٰصһ޴¥ڣ¥»֣Ƿ֮
ǧǰĽв¶һĨɫû뵽ǳڻôһƯ¥󣬶¥רٰ콻ģƽʱῪǴСˡ
һ¥ѣôпǿȥôߴһ˷ܵСģȥġ
ǧŢ̌˽ȥһȥɾһÿһö⾫£Ҳ֪˭ĵӣȻڷһӣͷˮλûڷһˮĽ㡣
㱻̵
ǧŤͷһַ¥ڰڷ˺öźľӣϰڷСģһЩǰƣһζ磬ƮɢǱǼ˲һ
ǧҲˣ˵ӣɫɵĮطɾһֵɾ
Ѿˮˣȫʳԡ
ǧһֻ̰¿ţͻȻ¥˲ˣһЩԴ½صҩʦҲΪǵݣһڳһȻģ˲֪ҩʦ
ǧһֻۣͽĿ˻ȥ
Ĵߣ˵㶫Ҳûִֵ˹ʱЩҩʦѾˣֶҩ飬ĵá
˭˵ĲԣͻһνĽͱдᣬһۺ첱ӴֵĿˡ
Ҳ֪˭ĽᣬⲻҩʦǳΪ𣿡ǧüһЦһ
óС㣬˵Ƕûͦĵġ


747 һɫĹâ

ǧһû˵
ʱһЩҩʦŽˣԲͬĴ½ϰ׷ҲвͬԼҴ½ϵҲǼߵġ
һȺߵҩʦһ𣬿֪ǳε֡
ǧǵĸۣϷһһ¾˲٣ŤͷƿҲˣ룬ıߣЩҩʦҪɡ
ྐྵȻǧѩǧˣüͷ
ҲˣƿǧѩĹϵҲ̫ðɣҩʦĽᣬǧѩвҩʦЩװɣ
ǧЩ벻ͨüͷɽһ
ܿ죬ƿͷǧĴڣһǧѩǰû뵽Ҳֽᰡ
ǧЦôã
ƿŴǣЦЩӣҲ˵ðɣֻ˵Ľ׶ѣֽᣬ֪ϾۼŶٵȼߵҩʦ֪ǵж𣿡
Ȼ֪ǧνʼ硣
Ȼ֪㻹ۣƿ´ڿһһ
ǧ̲ס̾ϢһҾһðɣٱߵλǧѩãҼǵҩʦˣһȣߵȻͼˡ
ƿ죬ͻȻ˵һ䷴Ļ
Ťͷݺݵǧѩһۡ
ǧѩ򴽣ȫǧϣ˵û˵ư͡
ǧ޹˵ġ
ƿҧקǧѩ뿪ʡöۡ
ǧѩĲ鲻ԸȴҲ޿κΡ
ǧ뿪ıӰܾǧѩЩΥ͸УһĨаɢַ·ʲôסˣжж졣
۾һŽĿջ
ûã߽ˣǧŤͷһⲻ
Ȼˣȸ½İаλϣϽԴŰɫֹۣŵɷζ
ǧ˼ۣаǰһкƣЦʱ͸ͯһ͹ˣЦģЩˡ
ȥкɰԼŮװȥ˼ҲδϵҲûȥˡ
½½ˣⳡҲ¶ˡ
һԲһϮ۵ˣΪԺúȺõԵʣƤ𪣬˫ϻĨɫɫǼõģЦҲշһ׺͵ζ
ǧǸ˿һۣƬ̺ͽĿ˻
˼ôҩʦǲɹЦüΪл͹⣬֪ǶǴ½ҩʦҵСС¥԰
˵ſ׻ҩʦҲΪ˲¶õı顣
˽ҩʦǱã˶ֵĽỹͬһҩʦǿȥǽķΧɾ͹ˣ죬ҩҲǿԵģλҩʦֽܻܳýĸֽƷ
䣬ָָϵļ̣ʲôƷӣȵʱǾ֪ˣҽϵĽƷǼΪַǲصġ
˶һβͻȻЦЦмֹܵζ֮ǰ׺Щ
ǧšüͷ¥Щ֡
˵֡
ǧ۾ɫؿΧȴʲôҲûз֡
ûãʽʼˣһЩҩʦٴξۼһԭ¸߰ģ̸۵Ȼ
һĳ¥ǧЩڶҩļظвͬΪߣʲôҲȥΨмƽϢеĲġ
ǧûֻĽ׵ҩʦЩҩʦǲģǧҲֵڣ׼úù۲һ¥
ָУɢŪЩҲ֪˶ãŽƽϢ
ǧ۲ʱЩҩʦˣ׼ȥҩ
ǧ°ͣζؿʶһЩνĴʦôҩģĻǿ
ʱЩҩʦ㿪ʼҩˡ
ǧæͷתȥϸϸţʱЩҩʦڴҩݣǴҩݵı¸вͬȴܹǻʵҩɵģһ۾ܿǴʦʲôġ
ҩݣҩʦǽҩݶ뵤¯УǾû𽫵¯գ֮ûһǻϵħʦǽĶȴдʦ緶
ǧţ֮˸ŨŨȤ
Ź˰ʱһҩζǵҩˣ


748 ˡ

ǧüһЩʦģζԽԽŨʱ򣬺һɫĹâʣâлżּɫ
âͻȻǧһʱҲûӦ̧ٿȥʱͻȻסǵâһ룬ֱֱһҩʦüļ䡣
ҩʦֻüһʹţѪӿûü˵Щʲô͵ڵһغ
ˣ
ôˣ
ǧȻɴҲ˷籩һ˲ǳŵϵˣз·ʲôһ̾κˡ
ΪλͻȻˣ
ղǸǴģ
ֻһѣΪʲôͻȻһ룬ĿľʲôѲֻΪɱҩʦ
Ҳ̫˰ɲֹǧˣܿ˶ˣмСľֱӾôͻȻˣÿ¡
¥оþòɢģмֹܵζ
ǧʱŷ¥ĹЩͬȻŻЩǧֻ̫Ź֡
찡ȻһҩʦղźλҩʦԵǼҲ˲ףǿŵϵʬ壬Ȼɴ˫
ղŻúõģôͻȻˣ
ʲôǱΧɣ
ϣҲвûһЩҩʦٴطˣ˦Ҫ뿪
ȴ¥ĴŲ֪ʱˣҪ뿪Ҳ߲ˣһֻû³⡣
ô
Ϊγȥ
ѲɣǽҪҹˣ
һ뵽λҩʦ״ȫ䣬ͷƤҲŷˣΪδ򲻿뽫𣿡
ҪҲ
Щ̬õˣֱӵڵޡ
ʱƿǧѩɫҲЩѿû뵽ֻμһᣬҲ¼ˣǾֵط
С㣬¸ΣǧѩܣЩʵʵ
ƿҧҲ뿪Ǹ벻ֻȾˡ
ǧѩšüʲôû˵
¥ڵľͿڼλҲһʵû뵽¼ⲻǴ
ŶͷЩƣŽյ¥ţҲ뿪ţ¥һرգͱ뵽һʱԶ
ǧ󣬲һ㶣žȻô棿
ҩʦʱʮ죬ԣʮǱҪס¥ڡ̫Ѩֵ¥ĴƳɣһлأǲζȥġ
ǧ̲סſһۣȻлأֲ¥ЩŹ֡
ǧĿջأɫģһûκξ֮ɫ
Ҳ㶮طΪλͻȻˡ
Բ̫ǧָ⣬ٴ̧˿һۡ
ȴûע⵽Ŀһ֪Ǻ£ûֻһأҲͻȻأ
ʱǸƤκκۼΨжǰѪҺЩ죬ӲҪ˵ͻȻҲǲԣȴЩǣǿˡ
ȴûǣǿһӾ˵Ļ
ǲȥ룬ҲʲôıۣͻĻǾûʲôµġ
һ˲侪ͿҲС࣬ǿ챻ˣͷԾһЩ¸С
˼ˣֵʮǾͺúôѵҪЩƷ𣿡
һʲô˵ɫҲ˺ö࣬ҲͻȻܿ죬ҩʦʬͱ̧ȥ
ǧǾʬ壬ղǸü䣬ɴ˿̿üȴûĺۼˡ
ȫû
ΪûټЩ˲ŻʲôͻĹȴǲŵġ
طйŹ֣ڰȻʲôΣ
ǧüɫسΧȥȴʲôҲûз֣һһжΪƽ·ղûһ
ʬ屻̧ȥ¥ڵҲ˺ܶ࣬˼˵Źҩ⣬ʱϵʱҲҩ
˺ʱ쳣ƽʲôҲûзͻġ
ǧšüͷһ뵽Ҫطʮ죬ͷͻȻЩˣȻһֱܹЩϰߵġ
Ҳ֪λûǧ䶯ŴǣҲ֪˶ãͻȻɫЩˣȻѾ
Ŀ˻ʲôû˵һֱĺûʲôڸһ
ûã˾ͰǷ˷䣬¥󷿼Ҳкܶ࣬һһ䷿Ҳסúʡ
ǧƿ˽ȥַеİܺãҲ£סһֺܺõܡ


749 ͸ŹŹ֡

ǧ֣ϸϸ۲ŷڣûʲôŹԺŷϡ
Ϸһײߣ߿ȥҲܾ£һ֪ǼõĶǧŲ豭ĿЩȻ
üĿʹ׼ȵ˶˯ȥˣȥʬĵطƣΨмʬԺ֪ô¡
ͷɫѾȫҲ粻ϴ
ǧڵĴӹˣһ˲䣬ڱůࡣ
豭ϴһ£ò豭еһЩռ侮ˮˮڣͻȻˬ࣬ûã췿š
ǧŴ򿪣ŵһСˣСһۣ£
С˽һóһ˲䷹磬Сͷġ
ǧϿһֵۣȷһЩСˣͿ˵˷Ͼͳˡ
С˵ͷƺã˷źԺˡ
ǧϵķˣȷûԺǧŶӡ
ò˵طķúζһնѣȴζǳζĲ˵ͷҧ
ǧţζɫȴһֱûб
һ̶ʱ䣬СǾصȫ
ǧС˵ľٶ˵һ䣬ͻȻˣŻˣҲ֪˭ôùôͻȻأ
ǰ˵Ϊҩʦ뾹ͻˡСҲɸпΪλҩʦϧ
ǧ˵Ҳ֪˵ʬ屻̧绹ǿĽ
Ǽӽʬ¥УΧһЩ飬ʬҲڸõĲӣʮ֮ͽʬͻصĵطС˵˼䣬ܿͽǧҪ֪Ķ¶˳
ǧǲ˼֣ģбĻǾͺˣȻһḯõǻ̫ˡ
ģǼӻзִġС˵˼䣬ת뿪
顱һűϣǧŽյķţǲһĨȡ
ʬ¥ϣ취ȥơ
ҹ˾ǧ򿪷ţŵس˵ĸ¥ȥ¥ⲢûʲôڰأǧҪ뵽ĺܼ򵥡
Ŷ룬뵽ѸٽŹϡ
¥ںСλûúܶ飬ɢź¥Ҳñ
ǧǻϵħʦȻ޷Ӧֺ˿ųλȥ
λ÷һľľ֮ŵıǰȥҩʦҩʦüļѪҺѾøɾ˯ͻġ
ֵǸԲм٣
ǧ֣ҩʦüļţûʲôоûüļӲĶ
Ӧþö룡
ǧһϲһȫ棬ôһöͱ˳
ö룬ǧüĲɽ
ô˵أöЩŹְʲôͨ룬񻹲ĳֹϢںڰħʦϢǧһ㶣ɫøΪѿطȻ˺ڰˣ
ִö뼸ۣȴʲôŹ֮Ҳûп򴽣붪ռ뿪
ٴȥ»ᱻֻصԺǧװʲô֣Ӿ˯ˣ˵ڶգͻȻһǧ΢ȻͷһҵĽŲ
üͻȻʶЩԾһͳ˾ȻʲôѾˡ
ǧҵ飬ϴܵ⡣
һܳȥǧ˸ΪǿҵľͿüͷ壬¥ڵ˶׷׾ۼһط
ΧһҲ֪ڿЩʲô
ǧɻ󣬿ĪòԾ˷Ż˹ȥҪߵǱߵʱͻȻְһһֱš
ǵ߼һ˵
ǧŲ΢٣Ȼڵķ򿴹ȥ
ǣȴʲôҲûֻпյ¥ݣ¥ݿǸȣԿ϶ղŵȷи¥ݺȵӿ͵͵ţǲˣ˰ɡ
ǧ꣬Ƭ̲ŽĿ˻
Ҳ֪͵˭ŶȻʲôˣ
ǧвţֽһ˿ѪҺ˳ѪζҲΪŨأסҲɵϴ
ôͻȻѪˣ
ѪζôŨأ
ǧۣæȺ˽ȥһ뵽棬һ


750 ͻȻ~

һˣ˫գϻһ󶴣ѪӴź˷ǳ沿齩Ӳ԰ףѾ͸͸ˡ
ǧָһ
ôˣ
ѵղ¥͵ľ֣
λѾǱ¥󣬻¥ȥ磬ƺҪЩɱ⣿
ǧҧǣĿдż̽˼ǡ
ʬЩҩʦȴŵɫ԰ס
ҲһˣȴûôѿǱŪģ˵յͻĻôλߣȻǱıɱġ
ȻҩʦƽҲʲôӣôԵǻǿóġ
찡ôͻȻˣǱıɱġ
λҩʦҲǴ½ҩʦúõģôͻȻıɱˣ
룬Ǹ˿϶ҲǱıɱģټϽɴ˿ɼطԲ̫ƽǱᱻһɱɡ
һ˵ľ˹ȵףҲ񱻽˱ˮУӽŵĵͷ͸ˡ
Ƕ

ǲҲԲҪ
˷Ũصһ˲ͷ·˺üһſˮ̵ڵء
ǲ
Ҫȥȥ
˵¥ڻ졣
¥ڻӦ죬ǳ
ǧŵʬ壬ʬ帹˿ڣҲɵģڵƻڷ⣬˲ʹ˵۾
ǧţһ˫۾Įˡ
˵ֹõİ룿
ǧָ뽫ϸϸ۲죬ɰֳ̫࣬ʼҲû֣ΨоţЩʱжҲ١
˵һߣͷʹƺ顣
ʱ¥ˣλȴʼûг֣ͷ·ûһоЩĽ
¥ɼ죬ƿǧѩܿͿڵϵʬ塣
ƿɫһ䣬ʧǧѩֵĵͦƽ˫ȴֹסҲЩ¡
ôΪͻȻˣƿЩδɫҰֽű񱻽ڱˮһ
ǧѩҧأԾǱɱģǸҲǱıɱģǱ¥УƻʲôΣա
ʲôƿȻɴ󣬡ҲΣգ
ǧѩҡͷ֪ģȴƶ
ƿˣĿڰģڽһˣδȡñѩƳϴ赤Ҫѱˣʲô˼õѩ
ɣһҪ뿪طȥˡƿһ¾̧ߵűߣһŶѣСͲŴ򲻿ˡ
ƿţôҲƲ׼õš
һţȴûκδ򿪵ĺۼ
ƿ˫䣬ǰĴţеĺҲ˼֣Ŵš
˶ҲڴɫܽŴǾ뿪طˣ֮۵ڴľ
ǺǣŶ򲻿ǶҪˡ
СˣǴ򲻿ġǧѩڣҲᳶƿ°ڡ
ƿ治ģһѽǧѩ˦ҾͲˣҾȻһŶ򲻿
ƿţ˿ûֻáಡһϸС񣬶˷Ŀĺ⣬ƿȻɴ˫֮ͬսսպյġ
ô죿
ǲҪ˰
ǧһ֮ʣǧѩһѽƿ뾹ˢˢ˵ϣǷĶ˴̵ͷƤ顣
ƿ溦µؿڣͱˣǧѩæǧѩлл㰡
û¡ǧѩЦø߹ĵ壬ģΣˣȻԹۡ
ƿ£һʱҲ˵ˡ
ǧѩЦЦҲû˵
ʱЩҩʦҲһ澹Ȼܷ룬ǸղȥŵĻǶȻᱻġ
ſˮɫҰ׵ˡ
ǧҲһЩȣʵû뵽ﾹȻô롣
˵ڵĻ
ŵʲôƳɵģȻ
ǧĿתüͷҲ壬ϵȴķ䣬ޱȵš
ʱ¶¥ڵľˣлżʹʡ
أǶҪˡ
Ϊʲôʹ򲻿Ҫˣˡ
ɱĿЩŴ򿪰ǿɲֵط
ŵŵš¥ͻȻһŲ
˻ȥǿС˵Ĳ»


751 ǲ¼~

۾ǿĳϣ
ǹˣܲܿЩŴ򿪣ǿɲ
ѽЩŴ򿪰ɣֻҪŴ򿪣ʲôĽƷǾͿԲҪ
ǰƷҪ
°ͺһЦҲ뽫Ŵ򿪰Ҳ˵ƳɵģҪǿгȥĻŻᱻղӦѾ˰ɣ
ƿЩڡ
Ҳ뵽Щ룬Ҳֹסجΰ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ǳȥˣ
ֻˣ
㲻ô¥ڶˣǾ뽫ǲǹҪģ
֣˷ıԵ
ǧ鵭ʵȴڹ۲˵һһɹ۲ãûʲô֮΢Щ֣ЩΥ͸жѡ
ֵڼȴЦøշһż׺
˵Ҳ뿪ǳȥǸ򲻿ţֻҪ˽ʱ䣬žͻԶ򿪵ģٽЩʱհɡ
һĿ׹⣬ˡ
㵽˵ʲôѾˣٴȥĻͿ϶ܹͣ
ǹģǹǲμʲôᣬ
㣬ЩŴ򿪰ɣǲ
ȴ¶һ޿κεı飬Ҳǳȥİ첻źͱŲͬҲ޷ǿд򿪡
˶˶ֵңε֪ǱıɱأһͻȻأ
Ϊʲô·ڿһ
ǧۿˣĿгһֱ˵ʲôͻڹǰɣ
ȴôúŪġ
ǱҲпԭɽٱ󵼣Ǿɵˡ
˵˵㿴˵ĸôһ˿ڣѪڲ˵ͻȻƭɵӰɡ
ѽԾǱıɱģ㻹˵ʲôͻȻǲǰ
òᣬЩ˶ɱİɣ
ͷһɻ󲻶س˿ȥ
˱ǵĿһ˶ɪɪ⻰ʲô˼ôɱأɱ֮ʲôô
Ъ˹±ˡ
תӣȴɴɻͲΡ
꣬ûɱˣҩʦҲûʲôԹɱҲõʲôοƾʲô˵ɱģһҩʦĳɱأ
ۣһֱĻʲôң
˵˵һֱ¥УʲôңǶһҩʦôгң
ǰɱжΣ
ſˮɫҲЩѿһת˵μӽᣬǶٻЩڽǣǶܸߵҩʦԼ۱˷˵Ļ᲻ʲôɱأ
˻˵ţĿȴڿ۲ǵıһҲ͸һĨ⡣
ǧı龡۵ףüͷҲɽ
˹Ȼ⣡
ûĻͲ˵Щ
Щǻ¼ɣӶ󲻵ìܣôΪʲô
ǧָ⣬һʱֻأҪЩҪҵص֤ݲУҪҵ֤ݣ»ЩѶȡ
ʱ˵Ļ£˵ɫˡ
СţͻȻΧЩ˶һһʱ֮侹ֿ־
ͻȻһҩʦô˵ĻպǸ˱ҩҩʦпܳΪ𣿡
һ˷׷׿ҩʦ
ҩʦһʲôǿɱϹ°
ǺǸ˲һЩڽǣҲҩ۷澭ֵĿڽǣΪЩڽǶȥɱˣǻ᲻̫ɵһ㣿
ҩʦ۾ͻȻڳһֱףߵҩʦô캦֮£
򴽽ǣЩƲ
˵ĻѾΪǴһʹţȴв¼ɣɱ¾Ҳ޾ԨΪ˱ܹһˣ
˽ҩʦĿĮӡ
ҩʦĵ׷䣬Թ˼֡
Ǿ¥ˣں˵˵Ƕֱҩʦɱʲôġ
ǵʱڳֿɱ𣿡


752 

ֹһ£Ҳԭء
ͻȻǵȷûγֵģֲ˵ʲôһͬأ
ƮԽһ
ҩʦĶҪѪˡ
ôԽԽڵĸо
ǧҩʦֿ˿ˣЦ
ЩĻˣЧһĺãŻɵһ£ԽԽ󳤳ɲʱҲʰ
Ҳû뵽Чã䴽ЦЦǵĻҲЩ죬ԣǴ˿̲úֺ¿Ӧýҵ֤Լȫ
ͷĿȥҩʦ
ֻû֤ݣȻͽ֮Էˡ
ҩʦһͷżӾ磬ʲôûǿɱˣο˸һϵҲûУҲûиҩ˵ʲôɱͻޱȡ
͵سϵʬ忴ȥ
֮ȷʵûʲôڽǣڼʲôߵҩʦһĸģֽ̣һֱһˣҪ˲ʲôڽǵǼѵġ
˵յǰҩʦɱģǽˣ˭ɱأ
۾ȴôҲ벻һȻ
Ѳɣ¥ڻǱһɱ֣
뷨һֱڵɫҲҰ׷ǳ͸ͿһƵġ
ӣӦ˲ɱ˰ɣҩʦǰˣɫҲѿ
һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ʱ¥ϵ˲֪ʱ뿪ˡ
ǧտ¥ϿһۣüͷҲɽ
ûãС̧ŵܶǽʬϵ̧ܺ뿪˾ٶв˽סЩСˡ
ʲôҪʬ̧ȥ
Сûܷ£ֻǻعͷǷ֮ʬ붥ϵĸ¥Уֹʬҹɣ
һգæǲ࿪Сǹȥˣ߿ߣ˭˵Ҫʬҹˣǻ
Сû̧֨𵣼תߡ
ǧŵϵʬ壬˫ϵʱȥ¥̽̽ҳЩʲôͺˡ
ܿʬͱ̧ˣɵϵ̯Ѫȴû
ʱѪҺ̣ѪζȴŨء
Ѫζֻ˼ֵ֣˭ĿĵʲôЩ˻᲻ʹ
ͷֻô˿̺ס˲ӣвͻڷ
ͷٴ
ҩʦûǣת뿪Ƿ֮أǾҪҳɱ֣֤Լף
ҩʦˣɱɣѾԶƿΨ²ҵشһ
һ㶣ŷָղѾˡ
Ȼ˹顱
ҿǾ֣Żͬ
ҾãǵܾͬЩ˵бϾ¥ܲ͸ģɱ¼Ҳ¥رպģҪֶȻЩµ֣˭Ͳ֪ˡ
һҩʦţⷬ˾κˡ
Ļͬ
ͬ᲻кüˣˣ
̫۷׷ףҲżֲ
ǧɳƿ濴ȥۣŮΨ²ңҶ˵ʲôô
˵ڵݺ
ǧһ飬ͻȻƿЩ޴ΪƼҵճŮʲôΪ뾹Ҳɵɫ
ǧߣڵЦƴżֳ
ƿ滹ΪԼΪմմϲתͷʱ򾹿ǧеĳЦݣһ㶣вһĨŭɫðǧЦʲô㲻νİװɣ
ĻСȴ˶ϡ
һݣתͷǧ
ǧգգ۾ЦЦؿЩˣЩ˲죬ʲôﲻ׵ģ˵ЩʱСϸ롣
ƿüĿдһĨЦߣЩһֱģ˭֪ˣʲô
˵Ŀ⻹ǧֻﳤǺÿӦòǰװɲƿĻֺеȷȫǽ̸ʲôģǰףڲ佫ɱ
һ룬ſˮ
ƿ˫ȫû뵽ԼĻôŷ
Ƶؿǧһۣ˸ʤĹâ
ǧһֲŶͷǣԴ½أҲ˵֮以ʶҩʦ඼ĸģԣǶһˣûжж


753 еĲϢ

ǧʣŴǣȴһ䷴ĻҲû˵
ǻûôһжټǱ͸߰жʱ̫ˡ
ǧ̯̯֣һε˵Ǵʱ䶼ڶжû֪ٴڼ䶼ʲôԣÿ˶ɣпνͬ
죬µ˵κλ
ǰǶڶжҲ˵ÿ˶ɱǻһ½ȥΣ±ôƣĻҺЩ˵һɱ˿ô죿
һֻӬһܷǳƿ˵ЩǸܴôΣյĵز
˲ݺݵصƿ漸ۡ
߻˵˵
ǰŮ˷ˡ
˵ʲôƼҵĵճŮϵģһͷûУϲ˵
һһ䣬˵ƿɫࡣ
΢Ŵ꣬ʲôȴָ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
Щ̫̫ˡǱ˵СˡǧѩͻȻվϵɫ۷裬߹֮˲к˳Ҳһ˵ѣûаֶ⣬Ҳˡ
䣬ǧѩգգ۾һʱϾ˼ĵζ
˵ߵҩʦǻûһ
οôĵˣ
̿ˮĿⲻǧѩš
ǧѩһЦͬһܽػǵ겻ѡ
ƿݺݵصһۣһʱǻھһĨУŮ˾ȻŪֱ̬ĵ˷ָ
ǧѩЦ˫
˲俴ҲƿղŵʧԺ
Ȼ㶼˵ˣǾԭʧ񡣡
Сãͺˡ
ʶƿ濴˼ۣȴֻܳƵ㣬ʱѿȲǧѩ֡
΢΢ѸٽĿ˻
ƿˣĸβĿ˻
ǧѩЦø߰·ǸʤŮ
ӡƿ˦䣬תߣŲҪֺӴһ
ƺˣȥȰȰǧѩЦһ˲֣ȹڣƿ׷˹ȥ
һߣ˲ЩϧƯô˵߾أ
ǧʼնֻھţԽƣԽǷǧѩЩԾǰǧѩʻ߰վ˵ĺӣһһԴŷ֣ʵڹĽ
ǲǾʲôأ
ѲϴαĽˣԲűˣ
ǧ˼ܾ뷨пܵġ
ʱ¥ڵɢȥˣлصУҪһУҲһֲκεı֡
ǧԴûʲô뷨Ҳתص˷С
һصУǧͲɿαϣȫõ滺ҲӣЩ֣
ôӿռһſǧϣ˰ûоǾЩ˲
ǧ΢㶣ӣ
ͷǰܸоǱһʲôϢ
ֵϢ
öǧһѲǺڰħϢ
ö˶䣬ĺ˫Щ죬˵òҲǺڰϢ
ҵķѲɣղ˽ˣǧ˫һݡ
ҡҡͷû˵ϢֻһŵζǴΧǽɢġ
ǽڣǧٴסܳ𣿡
գգ۾ҲܸܵһЩȴûнŨþǽڳһЩʲôҪҪȥƣ
ɡǧվҲҪ֪ǽǱߵľʲôǽ
ñ죬ÿǽ˺ܲ
ǧֻԴЩۣȻÿǽ˲ǽ﾿ЩʲôֲĶ
ǽǰ̿ˮӣҪ
צָָǽ棬СѾͷ俪ǽԿʲôķء
俪ǽ棿
ǧǰǽڣǲҾԿܲܽǽ俪ɣ˶ӵģֻСһЩǽҲ̫󡣡
ðڰצӣ޷ֻҪ俪һЩͳˡ
ǧͷֱӽȼĶذȡذ׷ӴǽʱܿͱƿһССĺڣͷܿһ֫ʸͷ
ӣûдͷЩʲôǧǰСԭ÷лãһǽ汻俪ֹϢһŵζ


754 Ҫô

ͷж俪һԿðͰͷжȴֵֿġ
ǧͷã俪
俪һ룬ǧȻס
ǰĶһЩʲôôôֲǧɫͻ䣬òҰ׷ǳԭղŵЩʲôʵģǽȷʸźЩ֫壬Щ֫ԸֲͬʸǽϣͷƤ顣
ֻһСǽڶѣȻܿô֫壬ǽǽȫ俪ܿࣿ
ǧкȻþö
ôΪλô֫壿ǧŴǣȻЩ֫ѾˮһȴйŵζƮɢһָõζ
ҡҡͷҲǰĳ𺳵˵ֱŲǽ俪Ҳˡ
ǧû˵ذֱӶˡ
ৡǽϵ᲻£ûǽӳǧС
֫֫壬ֺˡôô࣬Ҫ¥֫ɵġǧǰ֫壬Խ߽
֫ʸǽϣⷬ𺳻̼˵񾭣ǧֻû䣬һ뵽¥֫壬˶ˡ
˭֪գգ۾ڱŷһĨɫҪ˷ǽȫ俪ƣȻô²ҲǸ¡
ȻЩΨ²ңĿǰ˵ⲻʧΪһð취
ǧ붼ûʹӦˣҲûκγ֮ɫǧִذף˷ǽȫһС
ǽһ俪ǧ͸Ϊؿ
Ĳ²Ȼÿǽж֫壬Щ֫ѾǽΪһ壬ǽҲ
ϾЩ֫ѾΪһ֧ŵǧҲȷֹ¥϶Щ֫ɵġ
¥Ͼ»ʵȴһԨô䣬ˣ֫廹ǽУ·˶ܵõѡ
ʲôˣȻɵķӣ
ֱ˵Ļ֪֪¥Ǹģ˵ǽе֫ǳֱʣ
ǧкȻþ޷
֮ʣͻȻצļ򣬵СѾͷ㿴ǽвֹ֫壬ͷ­ʲôģϸһǷһࡱ
ЩĻǾ֣ʹ࣬ҲǧЩУֻøˣҲ˵ЩǱǽеģڼĿ־Ȼû˽⵽ʹֱ̫ˡ
൱ǿ¡죬¡
ǧû˵
ˣͱǽеˣ֮ϵ
ǧſˮֻԼһƾ룬Щ벻͸ǵģô
ԼеʱһͻȻ
Сͷˡ
ǧ̽ʰɾǽϵĻֽȡ£Щ俪ĴסһסеĹʧ̱ܰ
ǧȴޱȣֶĽŴ򿪡
ͷһСˣһľӣӦǽյʳǧҲŵζ
ǧС˿һۣͻȻСҲڿеİ裬к͸һĨɻ󣬡Ҽǵ⼸ôڷŵģѻ𣿡
ǧ΢䣬˫С˿˹ȥ
С˱ĿһʶΪԼ˵ʲôˡ
СʳģǧеȥŶ⼸ÿƣȥʱŹҴλ˰ɡ
ԭˡС˵ͷͽ˷ϡ
ǧĿǳǳʲôҲû˵
С˷·˺뿪ȴͻȻͷʵķΣҪЩʲô
ǧֵؿһۡ
ֲ¥ӣЩʲô
ǿɻСЦŽ͵ү˽¥˵Ͼշôֲ飬ӲʲôΨǳԵġ
ԭǧЦζʵ˲޵ģ׼ʲôҾͳʲôӲҪ˵ϲʲôĻ͸׼Щʳɡ
СͷŷŶ
һߣǧ˿ûС˿Щʲô쳣ǽܱ˷֣鷳
Ҳɱֵע⣬ʱ˿϶ࡣ
ǧģһ˫ڳ


755 ء

ͻȻצӣǧļ򣬵СѾͷЩһʱҲⲻڳЩʱԵ㶫þⷹ˺ˡ
ǧһۣ֪һֻԻӡ
ðɣЩҾȲˣ»ʵˡǧ̾һЩʱȥ¥һˡ
䣬һһÿʼԶ
˵ǽڶڻˣǧܸоǹͲڣϾǽôˣܰסŲŹˡ
ȵϣסռȥ½
αһ׸ܸߵĹУ⴦ҲСʱһֱסŵģٴλص˼ֻȻ֮С
վԺ·裬ƮȻɡ
ԺһЩ˵ĻҲԣѾ뿪ôãЩû˴ôȻܲסɹܣҲ
ֻˣھһĨڣһ˲ҲЩȻʧ
֣Ķָܣһ΢ȴʲôûоһɷվҲ֪Щʲô
ӣ׼ʲôʱ֣ҹ֪ʱߵ˷ǰ˸ӣʵ
β˫ڶ£ми֣춯ֲɣЩȥҲ֪ˡ
ҹȻ֪Ǹָ˭ڵ˶Ȼµģһþ֮Ѿ˶Ȼҵ˲ٱ
ɵͷȻѰٱԿӣ˭Ȼȥ
뵽ƯֻһƬһƽҲһĨ˵ĳ硣
˵Щӻʲôҩʦᣬŷ˶Ȼμӵġҹٴοڡ
ҩʦΪʮգѾȥ˶գʣ°գӦҲܽ鴦ˡ
뵽˴εĴٴ䣬Ǿͣգ鴦þȥ
ǡҹʶοһۣЩ۾ӱôӵЩϰߡ
νĿջأǰܵĻš
ҹվǰʲôû˵
ʱһ᲻
ξûһûһۡ
ӣҪҪȥţҹſһۣҲ֪˭ţ˵½֮ˣ˹ϵá
εͷԴڼһ仰Ҳû˵
ûãҹһŮӹŮӽޣǰЩϿƼҵճŮĭ
ӣƼҵĴСˡҹޱ˵һߣλСȫȻûʲôøС
ĭɫһƺҲ˵䵭ʲôϵأֻҪβͿˡ
үŮĭ᲻ŵ㣿ĭݺڿдܿƮ뵽˷ζС
λ˫䵭Įƺδĭϣᡣ
֣ĭ䴽ЦȫȻ˷жôĮүʵŮΪүѰ˵һ󲡣ںòȬȻҪúñһ¡
лġοһۣɤɵģͬˮһ㡣
үŮܰ𣿡ĭ˫ŷβţҲһĨˮ
üʲôҲû˵
ĭЩŵؽ˫ڷϲţү
Ƿģοž˫ޱȡ
ĭſˮʶһΪʲôͻȻ÷ЩΣգ˫۾ˣһ˵ȴɾΪˡ
Ǳ£ǳŮԼҪġĭȻҡͷƲԼĹϵʵϻǷģ˵֪أ
νѾ̽뷨еɫԣȻˣǾСȥɣԼҲһЩҽҵĲˣԼͲͷСˡ
ĭԭء
ǱܾˣҪˣ
ĭŴɫҰײҰ׵ģƼҵճŮȱĽߣǲмһ˵ģò׶һ˲˺øУ˭֪˾Ȼ뽫ߣһ˵Ĳ档
ĭëίͰ͵ģرүŮֻһѡ
ءη䣬ֻһӰ
ĭıӰ΢ţȴʼ˵һ仰
ذɡ̧뿪ڴڼ䶼ûлͷ
ԶȥıӰĭ쳣ֻӬһɫһһףЩˡ
С㣬ȥɡԼ뿪ҹҲ䲻˵һ䡣


756 ʲôأ

ĭһ͵תͷҹ͸һĨţ㾹Ȼô˵
ҹޱ飬ʲôҲû˵
ĭܲסգת뿪ˡ
ĭһߣ⴦ҲðûԶĭѾ뿪ʹӻ谵Ľ˳
ˣǳһ䡣
ҹѾˡ
Զȴһɫӿ˵ǣҲ֪Ƿģ˼ȻңƼסҵĽŲ̫ˡ
ҹ΢㶣û뵽˼
ҩƼߣοҡҹԽԽûοƼҵĵճŮݸ󲻷סӵĽסͲӷ⵹𣿡
ϾƼҵĵճŮָܹӵö
οڣǧ˿Ʈ裬Ǳѩ֮ȻǣƣȻģĭҲ
ҹŻȻ
ңԶңԶҵĮպǻͱˣͤʱһ
ͤǱлͣȸʵҲûֵʲôô
ҹæǵ˵ͷˡ
ηصУԴڼһ仰Ҳû˵úúò𣬴ԼĶȥžۣ
ӹгԺĭͷŭίûƽ
ûһ˸οһѾ׵ˣɾôһѾ׵ˣ˾ΪˣȫµӶȥ
ĭ߹󣬾͸ӵõģ
ƫƫڷ˸ͷܹͻ
ĭͷ·ϵСʯӣӳһ˫ɫƵѥӣһ㶣̧ͷ£
վϣһϯɫ¸ҫۣͷŵĽҪڿնɣ޵ദˣ
ĭ΢΢ɫѿɰɡ
棿Ȳһ䡣
ĭ΢٣뵽ǵĮӣȴǲʣҧŴŮڲƭ¡
Ǿͺá۾΢һ뵽Ǹ߹˵ģоŭ˴λҪ޻λģ
ĭָһû뵽Լǰ˵ֻ
Ůţүˡ
ǸΪ˵ˣ㵭Į·ʲôϣһ˻صλ
ᣡָ⣬Ҳ㲻֪ǰλ͸ģĻˣΪһУһĮʵĻأ֪ԼҪʲô
ĭû˵
ε˻ʵۣʵҲͦõģ㣬ҲãΪı֮·ƽӹˣټŭխǲġ
Ϊ治֪ЩʲôŭĿӣһֿĭһεط
ĭҪȴôҲ£Ů֪˵ʲô
㶨Ȼ룬εʵҲǰɣԸĭɫЦһΪ޲֪ƼʲôǺ˵һֻ۱һֻۣɻ˾Ͳһˡ
ĭɫףһû˵
Ǳη֣룬ƼҶʹ˸𣬱𿴷ʵıʲô䣬ƼЩǱ֣һζǲġ䣬˫
ĭͷȴֲҷ
ƼҵȷһЩõ£䱻֣Ҳᴦ˱״̬
㵽ôĭҧҪˡ
һѶס°ͣסΣ˳һһʱ֪𣿡
ӲǲԹҽӽġĭЩûˣʵ̫ˡ
ۣȷЩƵȴǳֻҪ΢õģ˻㲻ܲˣңƾӲվһˣ㲻ģһ˻ŮӶ
ĭͻȻġ
Ưֺãûһ˸Ҿܾģ
£Ů׸ôˡĭ΢΢˫ղŸ貵⡣
ɿȴֲԽϸŪһѣ֪ͺãǷιĪ⣬ȥǿơ
ĭһֱӶ˷ĸŪ£ûʲô£ŮȻȥˡ
Ц
ĭֻͷƤ飬תҲƵ뿪ˡ
ԶȥӰ˫䡣
¥
ǧڷУ֪Ϊξһ磬ͻȻ֮ˡ
ӣ˵ʲôأǧ°ͣʿڡ


757 ̽¥

ббؿһۣ϶ʲô¡
ǧüһҲ֪ʲô¡
̯צӣ⽻ᣬѾȥ½Լˡ
ǧŴ꣬Ҫƿһֱȥ½ˣֹطñȺЩ˯һ
һ˲֮䣬ǧֻ۷ǳ˵γÿһص½᲻кö
ЩֵؿǧһۣôЩ߶߶ģǺÿֻ㣬Ϲʲô
Ҳԡǧ˸ͷǼЩˣЩܣԲЩ߶߶İɡ
ʼ磬ʲôҲû˵
ǧŪ꣬ܿͽϵʳˡ
ûãС˾Ŷȥʰһͳȥˡ
ǧǰʱͷɫЩˣͷŴ⣬ȫȻûһ˯˼
ſϣֻЩ䣬һֻҲܷǳþú䣬ȫ˵ķ䣬Ȼͬ졣
ôˣǧüǲɹ
öų䣬һ˭˵ģòŲ£
ǧüЦЦ
һӾˣſôҲ˯ţ˯Űùģÿ¡
㲻𣿡ǧŤͷһۣȻ£
ñ죬ôˣȻҲµĶˡ
ǧһ
ôһɰͰ͵ģ
һǾҪȥ¥㿴ʬ壬㲻ǻӺ£ǧƿǣЩɫ
ſֱװ
ۿɫˣǧȹڣվ߰ɣҪȥɻˡ
ܲȥ𣿡̧ͷǿ֮ɫ
ȥǧһת͸һصռȥȻ˿ôһֻſϣǲģ
ȥͺˡÿòŲؿռ䣬ء
ǧɣ߰ɡ
һǧϣȻѰ˸ʵλſ¡
ǧεҡҡͷŵ߳ţѾȥ˸¥һΣһǧᳵ·
һ·ͨ裬ǧܿ˸¥С
¥ͬһʱһͷ˱飬ɢ¥ѬȾĺǳǧûж䣬ȴö
䡣ֹһ
ǧԴֽڵĻͷų𣿡
ֻůǳҡͷˣ
ǧͷŻʬǱȥһߵǱߣסҲɵϴ
ʬأ
ʬȥĶˣ
ʬ岻Ӧ÷ڸ¥еΪȴҲʬˣ
ǧֳܿ˿ȴûҵʬӰӣԵ޹ʬ岻᳤ܵģѲ˽ʬתˣ
ͻȻʬתʲôתЩʬʲôô
ǧ˼⣬ĿҲ߳Ƿ֮أʬ岻Ե޹ʧȻǱ˲ˡ
Ҫʬʲôûһֻöķǳʬѣ˲ʲôղðɣ
ǧû˵
ó¿ţͻȻһ£ֵ˵ļСѾͷиӰӣ㿴𣿡
Ӱӣǧָһĸ˵ǵӰ
òɫצָָߵλãǵӰӺ͵͵ǣСѾͷȥɱעˡ
ǧͷС˹ȥ濴ȵиӰ͵͵ţǧһ˶ˣҲһĨɫܶ
ȻһӰ͵ѲɣжѾ
ǧָ⣬ȴôҲ벻ͨ˴©ȻᱻӰӷ򴽣ɫسǵӰӿҪǵӰ˭
ˣҲСǧĽŲᣬҲûжĶҪߵӰǱߵʱǵӰӺʲôתˣܿͲӰ
Ȼ½Ųޱȡ
ȻôУֿ죬ǵӰӶǸ֣
ǧϸһ̧ųȵȥһߵŵһҩζζȻЩŵ
۾ת뿪ɽͻȻµһĶ
ǧ΢٣æѽŲˣͿٽϵĶһ·СܻصԼС
صԺǧŽ񵽵Ķó


758 

һңǧеĽңüͷΪʲôҪû뵽һССҶѡ
ýצӸڽϣϺһζſ
ǧÿһִۣͷڽϸϸţɲǣһɺŵҩζڱ䣬Ȼйҩζ
ǰһɺŨҩζҲŵҩζʶСӣͦŵģͦŵģǸӰӾȻֽңǿ
ǧ󣬲ԾеĽսһǲϹֽҵģǮˣ϶֮ĶС˸ӵʵؼõĽҡ
ǧ΢٣ֵҩݵĳɷӦþĳֵҩĳɷ֣һ㲻ҩ˾ԲὫֶϣԡ
һûȻ򣬡ǵӰӦҩʦʲôġ
ǧͬĵͷûǵӰ϶ĳҩʦҺܺ¥ֵطʲô
Ѳɣ֣գգ۾²š
ǧҿϣϸһֽżòӵԢΪ߽·͸Ǿܿߵӣ۾֣Ҳһ˴µĲͬѰǰֿ̽Ѿˣ±ͷ͵͵۲졣
ͦеòͷ
ǧã黹һֿܡ
ǽеʬʵ̫죬û˻ᷢ
һǵӰǽеЩʬйأʲôϵĲ²ˡ
ǧ̾һܾԽԽˣոƿһǣԶƲһ¥󵽵ʲôܣ
ǽеʬ壬¥ʧʬ壬ȵϵĺӰ֮䵽ʲôϵ
һеһоһޱȾ޴Ԩʱ޿̶̽ǧԽ룬ͷԽ¥Ե޹ʻǽŪôˣҲ֪ʲôԢ⡣
䡣ôצӣСҲСѾͷȥռ˯һɣԽԽˣ治˯ġ
ǧĴ㣬һͱý˿ռС
һһϯضûãǧڵ˯˹ȥ˯Ժ֮ʣͻȻռ⴫һ顱졣
ǽڣҹԵЩܡ
ǧȻ۾״һƬ֮̽ɫһѾ˯ãߴٵӣѡ
ʲôò鲻Ը۾Щͷò˯ˣСѾͷ̫ˡ
գź۾
ǧӵеİԹʵӣûʲô
ûЩԺģʲôû
ǧüվǴӿռͷġ
ϸһ۾Ҳˣģǽڵֹġ
ǧһתٿüͷҹԵ޹ǽڵѲҲǽڵܣ
˭֪Ρӻӻצӣһģ·ʱ˯ȥҪ˯ˣá
ǧһãֱռͷߣʲôʱ˯ұѣȥô¡
η޲þʹιȥⱲʲôҹҪűã̫ˡ
ǧûһռƿ˳ȥŸߵſڣǽڵѾֹͣˣǧգգ۾Ҳɶ˽Ų
ûˡǧɫͻ䣬ԼһһҲ֪˭ǽڣĿֻʲô
ôһǷԺǽڶѣֲʲôôС֣ж̫ˣǱ˷ǲã
ǧһҲмֵҲֱ治ǽڵǴĸλģΪ˲ע⣬ȵȥưɡ
ôһǷôͺˣ˯˰ͱˡ
ǧЩεҡҡͷ
ڶգǧˣƺǵǽڵ飬ôҲ˯ţһܡ
ʱСͣȻôֱײĳȥҲ֪˻ô롣
С˷²̣ܿ˳ȥ
ǧ˼ͣȥһ߳ȥ㷢¥ڰЩҩʦδ¥ھĵģһڵ϶
ǧЩӦݰǲ


759 

ЩҩʦȻһûгǧ¥ݣ¥ϸϸţǱŻˣټ˵лɵѾ£ԣǸҳжһɱء
ֱһȺС洽̰
ǧЦһϸϸǰǽڣȴûκǽڱ俪ĺۼô£ǽڵΪεϾʲôۼҲûأ
ѵˣ
ӣѵˣǧЩȷؿǰǽڣ˫ҲǲܵİӣҲ˶԰ɣ
һ°ͣţõĶɺأô
ǧ۾ΪһۼҲûУѲɣ¥УĳУ
ܡҡҡͷǵȷǴ¥ģҶûǾֻʣˡ
ǧؿá
õĵõ㣬˶䣬NɪһָĻþҵߣڶǽڣȻַãֻһͽǽڵĺۼˣǸֵܼˡ
²ⶼпܣǧڵڶҲ֪Ϊʲô
Ҹڵڶ²⣬룬ǽڵ˻֣ҲҵˣһĻҲ˵Ƕ֪ǽڵܣȻƽǧüţ֣ܾ¥ˣ֪ǽڵ֣ܲλҩʦ¥ˣ֪ǽڵܣͨʲô֪أǽеĳʬ
ǧ˵ţ˵ţԺоԲһζԹ𣬹Żɰʲôġ
ǿ¡ֻһëȻֱǱ̬ʲôӶġ
ǧû˵һǽϵе㲻һӣƣǽǲǺǽЩһ
Ťͷȥ˫Ө⣬һЩһǽЩ¾ɣǽ£ˢȥġ
䣬һһжð⣡
뵽ǽڵѾԶ
ҪҵĶ
ǧǰǽڣһǽڵĳ嶯ǣôǰһƼأ
һ촽ֳֻ嶯ĬĬǽλá
ǧҪ뿪ʱһΪҩʦ˹վʲô˺ö಻飬Ͳ𣿡
ǧͷһ۾Ϳǰλҩʦ
һɫ۵ˣ㣬Цʱˬʵģһ۾˷½ĵ͡
ǧǰ˿˼ۣڨģ
üͻȻЩ֣ǰΪȼ̫͵ԵʣЩ۸ڶҩʦм˵ȴһҩʦֵĽ
ǣǧգգ۾
Ҳ֪ԼЩͻͷԣЦҽˣ԰׻½ҩʦ
׻½
ǧЩشˣǵһμ׻½ˣԵĴ½ûʲôͬ
˱ЩͷƤ飬ӣͻȻͺˣźͦӡ
ǧһ䣬ںǧǳȷǷ˺ö಻õ飬㲻Ҳˣûú£
üͻȻ̽˺׵ҩʦᲢҲǲˡ
ӺȻú¡ظЦݡ
ǧ۾ǹҪһô˵ǿŮˣ
˺ֵҲ˼ˡ
˼ǧƽʲô˼
˵һͨ죬ûʲô˼ǴĹѡ
ǧ㵽ΪֹܿҲˡ
˼ˣ˿
ǧգգ۾ÿĺ촽ͻȻһĨȣ˰ҩʦ츳ǲڰ׻½ǲǺܸߣ
ߣߡ֣ͻȻų޾ĹʣʦǼߵģʦǰ׻½һҩʦ
ǧĬĬһۣǼΪԼʦɣʦôûμνᣬĻȡһóɼɣ
һɫͻȻøޱȣգգ۾̶˫һڶһ۾ߣǸʦʧˣҲ֪ȥ
ʧ٣ǧĪЩ֣һôͻȻʧأҹûУ


760 ҵĽ

ҡҡͷ˫ȭֱϵðžЩˣҹˣ˺þöûҵͺ˼һ
ǧ̸ܵ˵ı룬ȴ־ʦʧЩֲ֣˵Щ˵Щֻڰοһ䣬ʦֻǳأˣȻͻˡ
ˣʦزˡ૳ԭ˫Щնż˿
ǧֻۣǰҲЩ˵Ĺ죬Ϊʲôزˣ
һȻعûʲôֻǾʧôõˣȻ·ϳ˰ɡ
ǧһתһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
˺۾ҲˣҲЩصȥɣطĲȫһҵĻǲҪߵĺá
⣬ǧǳЦŵͷȴвɻڷڡ
ܿ죬˾ͱ¥ݡ
ǧһֱıӰüͷ
¥ȷΣأЩȴڲϴԼֻһΣյɺϣû˻ſܻɱɸղ˵ѾƶһѣҲڼ˵ŽˣҪ׼
˵ƾʲôƶ
ҲһͨͨҩʦѣΪƽĽ¥ѾΣյʵ
Ȼ˵ĳиеͣҲ̫˰ô˵أ˸˵ĸо֣һ˵ǵ˵ʦزʱһ˲֮¥ڵնˣһǷϢܷǳ
˵Ϊʲô˵Լʦزأ
һҲ˵ĻȻ˻úõϣôܻ˵֮ԣ
ǧ۾һɺȻ˵ѣȻ֪Լʦˣȴ˵ʲô֮Ҳпʦ淢ʲôõ飬ڲ飬Ҫ
һ룬ǧΪԼĿ˼άһ
͵̸Բô̫࣬ûǧ˼̫ãһӷڴ
ľ¥ڲ쳹͸һӾϢǧöһۣ˽ԴӶԷ۾Ρ
ǣѵֳˣ
ǧæãԴȥҲкöˣΧһǲǰš
ʲô˲Ⱥ˳оǲȥ𣿡
ΧΧ˵׷׳ȥҲ͸һĨ־֮ɫ
ûղŵĲҽǶȻѾˣôֲĳ棬ôȥأ
ǣôֲôȥ
⵽ʲôƵطĲ˲ˡ
Щ˻δȥδ˽⵽Ϳʼɥе̿־ǴˣΧһȫȻѾΪҩʦеϡ
˼˱֣üͷɽ˫Ҳ΢΢£ƺЩǵı֡
ԭʲôϿȥ˵һоô죿аȺ߳ɹͯЦݣ·ⳡɱ⡣
ҲȺֱŶ롣
ƿŵɲǣһŨҵѪζŵѪζ˲Ż³ҲǹˣȻ֪ЩѪζʲô
ˣҶһ̫ˣ̫ţ̲סڿȥһȥǵһ¡
찡ˣˣ˻ĺܲңɫҰףӷһĿĲϸһܿؿڴѪ
˿ںܴѪҺҲûãɾôһѾˣһ˷УҲ˵䶼ðȫʱҪűɱĿܡ
뷨һ˶ˣǻҲط״ôޣȫȥǰʬ壬һþˡ
ܿƿǧѩҲϵˣǿŵϵʬֻͷƤ飬ôͻȻ֮ˣ
ˣҲ̫˰ɡ֪ҾͲطˣٴȥҪġƿ汩ߣͷ˳ڱ׳С
ǧѩɫҲЩѿ֪Ͳƿˣֱ¡
Ǳ˽ȭͷɿѾˣǸûԹ԰ʱֻŽսҵǵš
ȵţǾȫˡ
ȴûκδһ˷
ȫ֪˵ʲôô򵥾ܽҵô𣿡


761 λϳ

֪ˣֶȻǸ֣һӲȥֻնɱο϶Ӳȥˡ
Ƕʲôְ
һǽı飬һ´꣬ҲЩʧȻǲҳ֣Ǿ͵ɣʱɱʬ޴³ԼʬǶ޷̫ˡ
˵ͷ뿪
˶˵ıӰ챻Ѫˣ⻰ʲô˼˵Ƕ
ʬ޴ʲôСӴƵİɣ
˽лȴСѾԶܿͲӰ
ǧȴǾ仰ؿ˼ۣĻһ˼Ȼ˵ʲôʬ޴棬˵Լʬ嶼޷
ԣ֪һЩʲôҲ֪Щʬǲˣ֮ǶʬЩʲôҲ֪ġ
˵ǧüɽռеĽȡؿ˼ۣѾ֪ҵأҲ֤һ²С
ǧֿһ۵ϵʬ壬˵ࡣ
һ˽Ὺʼѣʣ죬أ
ǧֻͷƤЩ飬ȥ⼸δ֪ЩĻŸС
֮Ū˭ǽǽΪʲô
ȵҹ٣ܾͻЩʲôˡ
ǧ΢ЩָҲɾһ𣬱ʱƿǧѩתߣ뿪ʱݺݵһۡ
ǧȴûһֶˡ
аҲһ۵ϵʬ壬ֻͷЩأˣʵЩ£ЩҩʦҲʮ˶ѣպ˵ĻЩҩʦҪˣ
ɣôȥôȥĻǽᴦڱ״̬˭֪Σպʱή٣ӦŽ־
ͬ⡣֪ʱаϵЦȥҲž˷ⰲġ
ȴûһڰתˣȫûһҪ鰸˼
аɫһ䣬ȫû뵽ǻ磬㿴ǡа۾
̾һӣ˵ʲôǶȥġ
аҲ̾һ
ǧתͷаͰ磬ȸ½ʱλϾͺչΣϣλϳ£һԼƤӵ£ˣһᰲġ
̾һߵλǰλǰΪֶȻǸ֣¥йȥ磬ҲȻ¥ĵμΪϤ˵Ļпܵ־¥ڵԱ
һаͰתͷǧ
˼ǣֿ¥ڵˣаǧȻСЩϤһ
ǡǧ򴽣ɫͻȻЩ䣬ʲô֤ҲûУֻô²⣬¥֮ˣǾͺΣ˱ϾǶԵκϤҪǿ϶ʤ
չ˼ǣаһؿǧ̫Ϥǧ֪а뷨üλϲҪжΧһҲɾ裬Ͼֳ֪ģҪྯǡ
лѡаԽԽǧЩУҲָ֪оӺζ˵ôãҲ֪ʲô֡
ҽǧǧĴһһɷǺÿ
аͰ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼ˵ġ
ֲҪ̫ӸտʼķڵĳޣдһˣˣҲĸп
ȸ½ˣаشǧ
ǧͷװ֪һ䣬λҲȸ½𣿡
аͰ粢ûлر⣬󷽵صͷȸ½ˣǻͬˡ
ǧϲ䴽ЦҲû뵽λϾȻͬ磬Ե֡
ֲҼУԭͬ硣аҲ̾һ䣬ʶһλᵱЩ񣬰˵ǲǣ
糯ǧ˼ۣҲһ£ȷʵЩ񣬲ԱЩԡ
ҲԣаЦǧ˵˻ỰŰת뿪ǰаǧҲСġ
ǧЦŴӦˣվԭĿλ뿪һ뿪мС̧һܹ
ЩС˽ģΪ˴ʬס
ǧǣ㿴Ѿʬ̧˵棬һ˲ʬϵѪҺܶȾˡ


762 ϼ̽

۾кȻ䣬촽ʵʣҪʬ̧ȥأ
СǲɳǧȥƯСǲͷһſ˵ӽǽʬ̧¥ȥһͽʬǵļ硣
ǧ󣬲ͷԭˣȥæɣ̫飬ÿ˶ƣ
СҲһۣ˭˵ǰǼҲͷЩӳԶԲã˯Ҳ˯㣬һúõĽᾹģ
С˵ţ̧ܿ𵣼תߡ
ǧǱӰеƣ۲װģеҲɢ˲١
㿴¥ڵС˲֪¥ܣǸ֣Ȼ֪¥ܣȻж
˵ǧеɫš
СѾͷʲô̧ۣ̲סһ䡣
ǧŷеѪգ𣬡Ŀǰ˵˾Ǹˣ¥ȥ磬ּΪϤ¥еĵΣ֮ҾͲ֪¥еܣ޶ʧʬ壬϶Ҳйء
൱ǿ¡û¥˵ģɱôʲô뽫Լ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷ֪Ҳ벻ͨĵط뵽ΧɢĺڰϢҾмܿʲôı
Ǻڰˣգգĺ۾
ǡǧ߳Ѫζķ䣬ɫȻҸ;Щ죬ټЩı֣ӲҪ˵ڰûϵǲŵġ
ðŪϵëû˵
ǧãصԼУһȥһɭǽǽ俪Եʰɡ
䡣Сӣ֪þͲ㽫ǽ俪ˡ
ǧһۣǲ俪ĻҲ֪ǽں氵Щ֪ĻźҲܲණ𣿡
ñ죬û˵
ǧ÷ϣһʱ̲סǽϵĻֽ£һ˲֮ǽеĺ˳ӳǧС
ֻǹһѣǧǽеЩˣøӿֲҲ֪ǲԼĴЩ˺˸λãЩͬ
ôˣ㻹ų䣬Щܲ
Ҿ㿴ǧǽ棬üͷ΢ңҾǽе˺仯һλá
һֻûޱȣǲɵ˶ˣô仯λã
ġǧüȴƽ쳣
Щţ¾ȥǧϿһۣٿԭأ֣ģĶˣ
ǰҲ÷ǳ֡ǧëֽǽ˵ǲᶯģƫƫˣΪʲô
û͸̿ˮ
ܡǧҲ¥ȻһɺŨصʷϢôԶˣЩôܻ᲻
ǧһݣܾʲôѾ֮ˡ
ˣ˱òֻˡϣֱӰڳһԸ˵ӡ
ǧղһ˲ץסһЩһʱ֮Ҳû͸ֻκЩָߣŪҲһЩꡣ
ˣϵʱȥǽ￴Ҳ֪ΪҪǽ
ǧһ룬֪Ҳϡ
ҹ˾ʱǧŵشӷ߳
ʱ˶˯ˣΧĵһƬһǰĵƹⶼûУǧǽǰ
Ҽǽľ巽λȻҪҳЩ鷳ˡǧ˵ţǽ
ӦǧһѣǽϵͿȥģƽһɵζ
ôצӣȲҪ֪ǽʲôСѾͷЩǽ俪Ҫģɱ˶ˡ
֪ǧѾȼȡ˶ذס
һ˲˲ضǽ棬ǲЩʲô
ǧִذףǽ棬Ҳ֪˶ǽǱ俪ˣ俪ˡ
ͷֻЩģСѾͷͷųһС̫ˣЩ
ǧҲЩڣܿ˿ûԺͷųϵħһɲǣɫĻȼգܿͽǽ
ǽе龰ҲӳǧУ̧ȥֻһ۱ڵ


763 СӰİ

ôˣЩĪ
ǧָǽ棬ɤЩˣǽеˣЩϤ
ſˮЩϤ˭أ벻ˡ
ǧֻͷƤЩ飬ҩʦȥ¥ʬ壬ѰһȦȴûҵʬ徹ֵط
ôһ˵ҲʬϳˣǲǰҩʦǵʬȻǽУҲ֪ôŪȥģҲ̫˰ɡ
ǰҲ̫ˡǧǽеˣһʱ侹Щ˼飬ǽǺþǰɵģˮѾ̣Ūȥֱ죬˲Ż˰ʱ䣬ô붼Щܡ
˵ˣôȥǡö˶٣ͻȻɭɭڵԼܶԼˮȥġ
ܶ
ܶǧ۾ȻһղץҲͻȻ˿˾éٿһҲʮڰᣬԶҲֻ뵽ڰĽˡ
ֻЩˣڰĻ˰ǶˣЩǽĲᶼǰɣ
һ뵽ôסһǧֻûعʱ˶ˡ
ЩҲֻҵĲ²ѣһ֤ʵҪһЩ֤ݡǧǣǵĻǾ˵¥ܾܿǺڰһݵ㣬ǽЩ˺пܾЩμӽҩʦ
õĺëͻȻ𣬡¡
ȷʵ¡ǧ򴽣ҲһĨ⣬Ϊֻһ򵥵Ľᣬȴû뵽ȻһǿߣһԨ
ǧв˲䣬ǽĿô죿ôŻᱻֵİɣ
ǧһǰĴһʱҲû⣬ǽˣȫûǽ֮Ӧ²ȥҪ˷˶ߣ
ЩߴߴҩʦˣȻᱻʱǷǽԺ󣬳潫ӻңŵʱ˭ҲƲסˡ˵ԼĿ
ǧɣԲ˷֣Щһȥ֤ʵ˷ֻҵļƻ
ǾȥΧҿû֮Ķקקǧ䡣
ǧͷɣȥΧҿûᡣ
䣬ǧںڰȴûҵʲôõĶ
ʱһСӰ¥ϴڹţһֱǧűߡ
ǧȻס۾ֱֱضСӰʧķȥ׷ɰǽ滹û޸ʵڲܶ²ܡ
СѾͷ㿴ɡŵϵĶܾЩ˼飬Ҫᣬˣ
ǧһ˫һ£ǸղǵСӰ͹ģ
ǧһɵؼϵᣬӦǸղǵСӰģΪʲôҪأ
ִʱǧϺ񻹲һĨҩζȻ뵽öңø
ղǵСӰܾ¥͵ǵˡǧӴ򿪣ȡͿǽϣû´Ļ˷ǣԼȻ֪ǽͿ϶֪ΣգҪĻ˵иҪҪЩܱ֣һ־ͻⲻ뿴ģҲ뿴ģ˵ĿӦͬġ
ԴΣȦˣԿۡ
˵йͬĵˣ֣ǵСӰŻǡǧʼ磬ܿͽǽͿˣһϲҡ
֪СӰ˭𣿡̲סʡ
ǧͰռ䣬û´ĻǸǽվͼˡ
˭Щ档
ȷ֮ٸ㡣ǧһӡ
һû˵
ŪǽʲôԺǧͱûصסһȥ͹һڲˮѾ鵽ЩҲ˺ö²⣬ֻҪŬһཫǰ
ñ죬СѾͷΪǱֵֹ¼أ
˭֪أǧ̯̯֣ҲһΣҲӮ㽱Ʒѣ˭֪ôù
ðһۣôĻֶҵˣ㻹̰Ҫı춼ȥҪ㣬Ժ󻹸Ҳ̰ģ
ǧЩǱǿˣЩԼģҲǿ𣿡


764 һȺˡ

죬˵һ䷴ĻҲǣоıǿ࣬ȫҲ㡣
֪ҵĺˣǧ
ýצӣû˵
ǧֵ˵צӣǲṴһˣ˵ǻǽڵ𣿡
õӹµһתӦãɡ
õĻ䣬һͷǵڼžҹͻأ΢ЩȴҲڽǳѡ
ǧöһۣкһɫˡ
ˡѹûͷȫĻǳ֣þͷЩꡣ
ǧû˵ͷʱʱᣬȴַ·̲ĳͷⷳ
ȥͷƣֵע⣬ֻܽɳ嶯ѹͷſҲܴݾߡ
΢ȿһ죬͵͵һۡûǽѹõ͵͡
ǧһ黹ģ΢ƿһ϶һƿǧûʲôˣֻһƬɫ֣һǧȫӦ
ȶСԴȥһȥͿһģ
ǵӰŹǽڡ
ڶǧָ⣬üͷҲһ𣬡ӣܿ˵ĳ𣿡
ÿһۣͻȻҡҡͷ̫Զ̫ڣҲƲ˵ĳ࣬˺ɣҲ̫ƻˡ
ǧһ㶣ŷ˺棬ɫͺҹΪһɫ˸ģǽƻ
ûãǽڵûˣǵӰҲˡ
ˣǧüͷ
õͷˣÿ족
ղпʲô𣿡ǧֻǰʵģȫûƼʲô
ҡͷҲûƼʲôֻȻûˣӰҲʧˣľ͸ˡ
ǧҲ̾һҲʲôû塣
°ͣǸ֡
ǧͷֽŹϡ
ܿ˵ģͺˣҲͷӬһתˡϣ̾һ
Ҳǡǧϣ˺һŵûܿݣһ취˸
öų䣬Ϊ𣬡ȻǿԵܲܿЩ˯ˣúۣ
ǧһЦǾ˯ɡ
һ󻶺ſϺܿ˯˹ȥ
ǧõĶ䣬һͱûصռУһһó˯ȥܿɫ
һ죬һҩʦˣ״ͬǰҩʦΪƣǸиѪôװױɶ
ʵ̫ˣһҪž޴ʹ࣬׵һ̶ʹ֣
˿ŵϵʬ壬˲䱬
мѾҩʦ̳ǱȥøֹҪ俪ϧȴ˿
ǿ޺ţ֮ȫǱͱ֮ɫǳȥǲ
ЩŴ򿪰Ƕߵҩʦǳǵ𣿡
أҲ
ЩһţһʧʹޣѾֻ뿪ֻţǴȴ˿˫ɺ죬һͬޣʱᷢһ
ǧۿЩѾҩʦЩ˵̬Ѿȶȥֻ»ᷢһЩֲ顣
ֹֻ͵һ㡣
Ǳˣѵ֪лأǻᴥصġʱվ˳Ǹˡ
Щҩʦмֲζ
ЩҩʦҲˣڲţűҲȴʼûб俪ļЩҩʦͷ꣬޲һѻյ
ҩʦٴţ֮ˡ
˼ˣеɢǱˣȥĻصġ
ҩʦĻĻţηζʱһӴ
ಡǵâХֱֱЩҩʦȥ
Ȼɴ۾Сģ
ҩʦ֪ӦԺü䣬ಡһֱӴ˫üͶ䵽һԵϣ
ҩʦüѪǻδоʹ͵ڵأĿ
һ˲֮Ѫһأ˲佫˵Ⱦ졣


765 ȥ֤

ʣµһЩ˶ŵϵʬ壬ֱӱ˹ȥҪУȻԼκ
ֻŵϵļʬ壬ʵܲסˣһȫ̱ڵأɫһƬҰף󱳴Ҳˮʪ񱻶ںˮһ
ô
Щ˸ղŻúõģôͻȻأ
̧ϵļ룬Щ˺ǱɱģЩֺǴӴġ
ǰƿˣȴ䲻һޱȵĻأЩѾˣûлؾͷţҲ㲻ȥֻܹԹԱɱ
ʣµļҩʦſˮǶȴţͬʲôħ˶ɪɪ
ǲᱻɱᱻɱ
ӲˣΪҪôࣿ
أҲҪصȥʲôƨӲҪˣҪˡ
˺ޣȴҿŰ벽Ҳ֪ЩûУһδҪѣ
ҪҲôˣ
ǻЩǧŵϵʬ壬üͷɽ֮ˣֵͬ飬¥ڵЩ汻Ƴ˻˵ĻЩʬǸõ
ǧԽԽģȫ¶͸¶һĨ֮ɫ
ȴֲܵʲôıʱߵЩʬԱߣ̾һ͸һĨϧ֮ɫǽߵҩʦΪǵľͲΣʱأǿϧˣ
˵ţۿЩˣ˫Ҳ΢΢£·ڼʲô
ôôˣ˴¥߳ſôˣŵöס˽Ų
ǧ˿һۣ͸¶һĨŹɫ
ûеɫһƹһʬԱߣʵôģ
ŵļҩʦŵ֧֧᲻˵˫ȭһʱҲû˵Щʲô
аͰ̾һվ⼸ҩʦˣʵ̫ȥøţ˭֪û俪뵹ˡ
ɫ΢䣬Ҷ˵лˣôͲ
аͰҲһϧδ˵
˶ŵϵʬ壬һ룬Щߵҩʦȴ£ǿϧˣ
ǧ˿һۣʲôû˵
˫ȭˣһƽүЩ¥ôҩʦ˵¥ڶȻǱʲôɷӣôʸүôˣûнǸҵ
̲ס˿˼ۣǸģƺЩȴֱܺõڲȥּΪƻѾչȫȴûҵκοԱ
ۣĿôү𣿡
һ٣ݺݵ˼ۣ˺һŵȻˣ𣿡
Цһûɣֻѯʶѡ
˿˼ۣܿͽĿ˻ٸһЩʱɣЩһὫҵҲóУȫһǲеġ
ǧŤͷ˿һۡ
Թ˵ϤΣӦǸֻɫʱҪСһЩ
ڵϵҩʦˣ͸һĨ־֮ɫʲô˾ȻҪԼ֣ⲻǴȥ
˾ʲôģҲ̫˰ҩʦǺݺݵˣеı߶ÿҪʲô˼¥£ȻҪԼѰ֣
ǰôƻһȺҩʦҵ㲻Ǵȥ𣿡
Ǵĵģȥ
ҩʦһ룬Ǵţָˣ
ɫһһ׵ѿˣݺݵһ۵ϵҩʦһʲôȥֻЭҳֶѣǺαҪ˵ߣǻǲ֪ģ
˵ţֱ˦뿪
ҩʦǶıӰһʱ侹˵һ仰
ۣ˵ıӰƺɳһ
ǧʶˣ۵׵ı仯ҲӳУ˵ܺǸˣΪʲôأ
ɫؿţ۾Ҳ˻֪ʲôкܲ򵥴ϵʱֵȥˡ
ǽڵ˿̻ǱǽѾһʬ壬֤һ¡


766 ǧѩ

һ룬ǧͽĿ˻
ҲԼֵ̫ԣҲܿ콫ĿջأΪֻ֮ܿԼҳˡ
ҪԼȥҡ
ǣǲŲ㡣
ôƻôȥҵĻ϶ĻҪңǾԲҪ
ҩʦһǺݺѵˣֱ·ϵĻҳˡ
˼뿪ǲҲƺǱˣЩʲôˣѰΪôŽ᣿
úݰЩΪξôˣŽҵ־ô
ֻߴߴỹǶģ
ǧ֣˵ļ򣬵ͱ˵ѰҲֻﵹæѣͦõ𣿡
˴û˵
ǧս䣬˵־棬Ҫ𣿡
һ㶣Щ㵵ؿǧŴһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧˣеЩ²Ҳõ֤ʵ˹ǣҲһЦ⣬һʱǳǳͬˮˣҾҩʦͬ
΢㶣ʶʵкβͬ
ǧֵڴǣЦü䣬ӱȽϴ˶ҪҪģԸʵȴһԹŽѰ֣Ȼδɹһȵȷǲͬ
˲˿ֻǣ벻ѡ
Ҳ롣ǧۣĮ
Ŵ֪֮Ҫ˵Щʲô
ǧ˵ЩʲôȴΧвˣüҲͲ˵ˡ
ƿ¼ĥ˶˲٣קǧѩӣ߶߶ǧѩ˵ǻ᲻ﰡ
ǧѩ֣ڰһ䣬ģǲġ
𣿡ƿЩţҴҵ֤
ǧѩŪöʧȥģһѿסƿ󣬵Ǹ󣬾ԲС㲻𣿡
ţšƿſˮͷյĹѾĥƽˡ
ǧѩɹˣȫһ
ЩǧЩشǧѩܾһһˣʵҲ˵
㿴ʲôǧѩ̧°ͣĿǧ
ǧĿ⣬ǳǳЦûʲôҾͻȻ˲٣ͬǰЩЩһˡ
ǧѩ΢㶣Դؿǧһۣˡ
ʡǧҲЩ⣬ͻȻһתЩᣬʱô࣬оÿء
ǧѩһ㶣Ϊ˵ʲôĻȴû뵽ȻҲ˵޵ĻֵĽ
ǧѩһɵؿǧȴЦǳǳЦúõղЩ·ǳĵġ
ôˣŮôģ
Ǻǣ쵹ͦ𡣡ǧѩ˷ӣֵСƺ״̬ЩãҪȥϢȲˡ
ǧãߡ
ǧѩһƿת뿪
ǧ뿪ıӰüͷɽƿ̬Ҳ֮飬ǧѩƽǳϡ
ӣƽŶԣ׾ʲôʲôıģ˵֪¥ڵܣ
ϾĽǺڰˣǰĽҪù᲻Ҳǧ󵨲²һ֮־ЩǧѩϾʥŮĸôļڰᣬɱĽǿȵĿܱĸ
ǧ룬ȴʼ벻һȻ̾һֱת뷿ڡ
ûоǧѩЩ֣ǧõĳ䡣
ᳶڳһܵӣʲôֵģǱ߸ϵģ𣿡
ûо𣿡ǧɡ
ɻ󣬡оʲô
ǧ̾һҡҡͷˣûʲô
һͷͲˣǧǰĵذŪϵĶôˣ֪᲻ᱻƳɻˡ
תתӣЩĲ²⣬ʲô˲˵ģŪԺ˵ɡ
ĵġǧֳ˳õĶ䡣
ðӴһһצĵǧŭĿӣһֱקűõĶ䣬֪𣿡
ǧüһôͦܵģ
˵˵˭ˣ֡
ǧʧЦһõԴǳЦˣһҪȥ̽һھ˯һ£õʱˡ


767 ޱȵͨ~

һֻӶˣ˵ϣ¶һ޿ı飬СѾͷ¶࣬Ҫõ˯ߣôԴһֻã
ǧͷһۣƶ죬ɲһӣöôĻͨӻô
ò˵
ǧһԴҪôú˯һ£Ҫôصռȥѡһѡʲô
£ֻܿǾ˯һºˣ˭б÷Ĳأûкܸж
ǧǳЦŵͷ˯ɣƶˡ
ñ죬ûһ˯˹ȥǧһۣûҲԴСһ
ҹ˾ǧ˹һԵá
Ȼ֣˹ôѾôˣʱúÿ죬úۡ
Իؿռ䡣ǧ
ҡͷŲҪؿռأŲȥҪȥ鰸ӡ
ǧû˵ֱӱתߡ
ȥǽ洦ܿʲôõĶȥʱȴмӰ¥ҡҡҷҷһЩӰͬħְⲻЩ˵
ǧȻ½Ųһ˫۾ЩӰ
Щʲôˣ
ΪôˣǾȻˣ
ǧ۾һͻȻк̧һһܰɣ֮ǧȥϺմȾһЩʲôڻ谵ƻӳЩģұ
Ѫָ⣬ȻɴӣֹѪǵϺżЩͻȻҩʦǣǵʬ屾Ӧ÷ڸ¥Уȴ̧˳Ϊʲôأ
ǧЩӰ͵طЩ˺¥ڵСˣ̧𵣼ܿ϶Ҳġ
£뽫ôʬƳɻ
ǧзֹȴֲЩСԼƤӵߣãǸȥҵһЩһ
Сǿ϶Ὣʬ̧ݵȥһҵݵ㣬֪¥ĸϢǧ붼ûͱøȥ
۾һֹһ䣬СѾͷĵӻ󡣡
꣬Сһ㣬ǧ˷ˡǧһ䡣
æ죬ŭǧ
ǧһϣܿ͸СһطһޱȵСһ۶Ҳ֪ͨηǧʵû뵽¥ھһСǸЩСˣֻôҲҵطġ
СҲ֪ͨѹ
ǧͬѹС㣬ǱСֻ»ݾߡ
ͣͷ
ǧ˵ˣ˿ЩС˺棬ܿЩС˾ͣһǰ
ɫĴŸ߸ڵƻҫ¾˼غ͹ܸУǧǰĴţֻһɲĸоҲƻϽһŵζ
ǺڰϢ
ǧȻɴ۾һҲڷڲѣȴ϶йںڰϢֻҪ뵽֪ö飬һҪȥ
ս˫ȭ˫ҲǼᶨ쳣
ûãǧЩС˽Ŵˣŵ˲䣬ǧ·ܿЩһЩɫĻڲȼգͺһЩˡ
ЩС˵ӳɫƻ¸ɭܣҲûκν࣬ͺһ߾ʬһ
ǱƳɻˣ
ǧкˣĿСţɿһЩС˳ûΪл˵ϢģǲǻˣǱ˸סˡ
ЩС˱˿סˡǧǳҲԣжȻһҪľݵ㣬ݵǲط¶ģֻܽЩС˿ѵĿֲ¾ݵ㱩¶
ȥȥݵ㿴Щ˷ܡ
ǧЩԥ֪ݵڲ桱
ڡһ£ܸܵ˲ͷͷƽƽֻҪЩС˳Ǿܽȥˡ
ģǧЩϲ
Ȼģƭʲôצǧļ۾һƳٴμЩС˳ˣǿȥ
ɡǧӦһЩС˳Ժǧͱǰ
ŹصòʵǾݵ˺Ų˷Բиˣж
ǧƿţһ˲ͷľ¸ΪӳС
ɫĻڲԾеǹ͸ЩǧǰԶĵطкüʯʯϺʲôˡ


768 һС~

ǧиӦ˹ȥ
һ߹ȥ˫Ҳһ£ʯȻǼʬ壬ЩҩʦǣԹţ˫ַСλþʬһ
ǧţֻͷƤһ顣
ü̾˼˸ʱûô죬ôһŵطԵùأ
ǧ۾Ƿˮðɡ
Щʬ壬ЩڷʯϵʬڽʲôصϴʽһȥЩ֣أЩ˵Ĺ졣
ǧһͻȻײϡ
סͻȻЩƿƿ޹ޣҲ֪װЩʲôһɫƿҲ˵Ĺ졣
ǹ죬ôôƿƿ޹ޣǧҪִһۣȴһֱ
һɵؿãô
һɸֵӣûЩƿƿ޹Щ𣿶һ͸һɲϢСҲʲôħ֡
ǧ֪ΪԼǣһ˲ҲůˣŤͷȻЩʬֱϻһӡ
͸ģͷЩɫҺ岻ʬ嵱УɫҺʬøӹɫӲҰףӸ͹ȫӾеĽʬ
ԾȫԾǸӣ͹ɫҺ徿ʲô
ЩҺ뵽ʬ棬ֻʲôı仯ѲɣͱƳ˻
ǧԺлҪ˽ȴԺлЩãȻͲ²͸ֻȥѰ
ģ̌߶ͷͷƯһŵζǺڰϢҲдһɸʬĳζһܷǳ
Ϊ˲ǧֻţ֮ǧһҵһСӡ
СӲɲ£ȴһĶĳ嶯
ǧ򴽽ǣ˫ʶСȥ¹СдʲôҪһһŹڻ˵һЩҲܽ⿪һˡ
Сӱ򿪵˲䣬ǧĺҲһ룬дһЩʲôʱҲԭأ֮¶һȻˡı顣
û
С滹˹ڻ˵Ϣ
ĸ涼ϸļأƳɷдΪϸǧȥԺֻ÷·𱻴һš
Ƴɻ˵ķܼ򵥣ֻҪŪʬעһЩƵҺ弴ɳɡ
Һ壿
ǧͻȻȻ뵽ЩעʬеɫҺ壬˹ЩҺʬɻ˵Ĺؼ
ֻϧЩҺûС˵˵ˣζȻƻ˵ҩ
ϧˣСд˻ˣȴдЩҺҲԣЩҺӦǺڰоģȻ͸¶Ҫ͸¶Ҳ͸¶ĸ߲㣬ЩСආ˰ɡ
ǧѾԶ˹ΪСආ
ǧСӺϣҲûκϲãЩأС֮ҾܸȷǺڰľݵ㣬ЩԵ޹ʧʬѾƳ˻ˣ¥ǽЩˣĻҲǻˡ
¡öһ£ǾȻͻһ˯ôá
Ҳ˵һֱͻ˯һ𡣡ǧ򴽣Ϊأ˲£¥ô˵Ҳǧˣ˶²öԸ
ѶԸҲصͷ
ǧּô˵ҪĻӦ뿪طƾһ֮ټϼ޷ݵģֻȳȥٶһЩ˹𣡡
뷨ǺõģҪγȥؿǧ
ǧһʱҲԭء
ǰγȥأ
ŽգҴϻлأǿŶ϶вͨģʱܻ˵ע⣬ɾ͵òʧˡ
ôγȥ
ǧ򴽣ûʲô취ȴҲоƳɣͨ޷俪΢ЩҲ޷Ū
Ҳ˵Ҫˣ÷һۣ
ʲôǧһᣬռһ㣬ʱ˭˵õ㣿
һ˫˵òʱռһ㣬Ǿͷⰲȫˡ
ǧһһֵǰСһ㣬ǽʲôˣʱ϶ץȥɺŪ⡣
ֻЩ˵˵
ҲˣԽԽС治˵ˡ


769 óȻж

ǧҪҳһЩĶҳȥİ취Ǿ͸ˣѰһȦʲôҲûҵ򴽲̾һ
ȻֶһطȻڷһƿƿǾֵطֵЩͻأַǳ
ǧ̿ˮ֪Ϊǻƿ¿Ǳʲôأͨͺˡ
С˽ȥҪƿʱͻȻһڶ𣬺ĿȴӳĶС
ǧһʶѰ˸ط
Ǹ𣿡
ǧѹ۾ȴһֱŴŵĵķ򣬡֪Ҳܲǣ˭ǶҪֳĬǧ˷ˡ
æͷ
ǧһ˲˲ضŴŵķ򣬶ʱһӰ룬˳һϮɫװ沿źɫ˴˿˭ҲһظС
ǧȴܴ˵жϣӦһˣӦЩһֱСӰҲ֪ô쵽ģȻҲҵ
ǧţһҲûз
ǸҲûзǧĴڣвܿʯߡ
һ˲䣬ʯϵʬӳУҲʬϲŵĹӣţ˫ֲճȭ
ǧţͻȻܸܵɢǿҷŭ
Ҳַ֪ŭΪ˭ǲ̿ЩʬɻˣΪʲôûã˺Ȼ֣ҪЩӰγ뵽ʲôһȻ˻ǲݾ߰ɡ
ǧҲ˿ʱ˿Ҳݾߣ˵뵽һˡ
ǧֿһۣǸ˲֪ʱȻߵˡ
ôߵˣ
ǧգգ۾Ҳδ˳ôһƣߵˣ
һֱŴŵķ򣬺һŽĿ˻
Ҳ˳ķ򿴹ȥžǸЩС˽ƵİɣһҲЩʲô״ݾߣղżҪӵʱŻˣ
ҲǧĬŵͷ
ǻȥȥǻƿ̧̲סһ䡣
ǧŲԶľ»ƿ˫Ǹƿʵ̫ͻأˣҶҪ̽
ȥóߴ١
ǧãҪ̧߹ȥһŲһ˫Ҳ
ˣ
ˣǱˣݾߡ
ǧӹµһת뿪ƵطͷĽŲӦûкԶľ룬Ҫ뿪Ʋ̫ѣҲ˵ע⡣
⣬뿪ٶȼ͸һһ
ܿ뿪ǼӣѰһεĵط
һһΪ٣û˵ע⡣
ʱһӰӲԶһڴǰͣǰĴţһ˫ȾЩɫʡ
ŪŴǣⵢһŽȥ
վŵλǧֻҪ̽ͷܽ˵ģ
ͷģЦʱЩƣ͸շһոյЦЩ죬ЩһֱںڰеЩˡ
ǧˣЩ죬ͲµˣɵԼۼʱԾһЩ𺳡
Ͼ˸ĸо͸һշһȴ˺ڰᣬЩɫҺ彫ʬƳ˻ˣ
뵽ǽĻˣںǰѾ˺ڰᣬ˲ƫҪȥڰ߹ã
ǧʵ벻ͨЩΪ˿ȻҪڰᣬһǸ޷ֻħΪ飬ôֵ
벻ͨҲ˽Щ˾ʲô
ô죿̯צӣһ䡣
ǧȴţ޼ɵЦǲܽȥˣǻȻȥɣ
ɰɡõͷֱſǧļϲˡ
ǧ̾һḧãתߡ
صԺǧһӾ˵ڴϣһֻһ˯Ϯֻ̾Ѱ˸طɺá
ȵ˵ڶգǧһǷҲһů
һպƽΪֻˣȴʲôҲûУҲúúõģʲôûһ
ΣյĿʼ
ǧɫأҩʦȴֵüΪ˷ܣǻΪⳡɱѾͷףء
ƽ˾ģȻûˣѲ¥Ѿץסˣ
ץסǾͺˣǲͰȫˣ
ȫͺãߵҩʦôֵط


770 һж

Χһߴߴ˵̰ͣͼµİ֣ȫûһ㻳ɣΪΣѾƽǴ˿ƺӳޱȲõЦݡ
ǧǵɫ۵ףһʱֻȤ𴽽ǣЦʱоǳ
İΣ
ʵûУΣɴڣΪֵǱܣ¥ˣʵȻڰǣҲѰɱ
ȻЩû˷ֶ뵽˴ǧһͷƤ飬Ļ
Ǹ˴˿̻ڰ͵͵۲
ǧûʲôõߣȴЩ
̧˹˫ȭЩѾжȥ˽䱸ҩʦǣǴĵ￴𣬡ûˣѾץסˣ෴ֿܶڰ͵͵Ѱɱ󡣡
ǧ΢٣ʶ˿ȥ˵뷨ǺԼıϡ
ҩʦûǧľ
˵ըˣŬӪĺгգ㱻˴ˣȻܲˣҺ޲뽫˸ɱˡ
˴һʼ˵ģΣ㲻ֵͬɣ
㲻ͬҲʲôˣҲ֪ﵽʲôû鷢ͲͣһЩ𣿡
ǹģǶˣ𣿡
ҩʦǺüԣַˡ
˫ȭգǷŭģȴûз
ǧ۵ЩʧǶЩҩʦʧӽ쿪ʼ˽᲻Щˡ
ǧ۾ͷЩҩʦҲûʲôоԼҪ͹ֲˡ
̰ͼ֣ʵʱǳʲô¾ͱûǡ˽˫ȭɿɫ˵һ䡣
Щҩʦûȥ˵ĿͲεġ
̾еΨһһĨͬҲʧԸǳµʱҲô侲
ҩʦûȥһָ󣬾ת뿪Ǹģ񱻺ˮ׷һ
ƿ泯˿һۣҲת뿪ΣѣСŲţǧѩֱץס𣿡
㵽֣ǧѩ˷ͷĳ΢Цƽ˾Ǳץ˰ɡ
ҲôöԲԣƿһϲԭЩ˿̵ʶҲڽ֪侹Ҳƽ˼֣Ҿ֪Լǲֹطġ
ǧѩЦȻ֮һϤζ
бҪǧѩеȥƿ뿪ط
ҲǵĻ˶һʱֻǷ棬ǸǧЩɰ
ҡҡͷҲһĨ˿
ǧҲ뿪ıӰһʱǧѩЩͬͷ·ȻһֵĽ
ҵǾСֵܵĻаͰûߣô뿪Ժаǲǿ˿ڡ
ȫû뵽ԼĻԭء
аˣŶӹЦСֵЩ㶣ĪǵĻ
羲ˣŭ
򴽣һŲȷһ䣬˵ʲôͬҵĻ
аͰͷϾǰЩôţȴͻȻƽ˾Բʲôè壬ǲôƻֻһӾͱץס
ǵķ˽ü΢΢ɶ˼֣λˡ
ǰԽƽԽ׳¡˿ˣĿ¶һƬɫһߵҩʦȫ˵Ļ
аڰ֣Цǲţţˡ
аŤͷվһԵǧСҲͬǵĻ԰ɣ
򴽣Щӵؿǧ
ǧһ䣬һĨЦʣţͬǵĻ¥죬ôһӱ÷ƽ˾Ǵɵġ
аЦŵͷҾ֪һġ
ҲǧаһǧЩϤУͷ·Ѿʶ˺ܾһ
ԽƽӦǧ۾һĨ֣ˣǽȥӦ
ڴǧһ£Ҳֻһ£ܿ˹ǸĻһж
ǧһתˣôһж
򴽣һŽԼ뷨˵˳ʹвţһᴳɱ෢һ˵£ǼסһĻӦþܶž鷢ʱһжĻҲãӦҲˡ


771 ǽеĶع~

ǧƵƵͷ
ķͽȷЩһʮСʱһ𣬲ұֽ䱸ֹǲֵġ
ҪһĻôСôסȥ
ǧɵؿˣҲһĨ̽ʹ
΢Ƭֵ̣һĻ̫СǾסҾ뵽һȫķӡ
ǧ£üͷܾ˽ȥ˵ûʲôû
ʲôӣаʵ
˳аһֽۣĿͶǧϣҷ֣ǧķӦλϷĸڣܽ谭ǽڴͨĻǵĿռ䲻ʹ𣿡
аͰͷƺá
ǧüͷȴǽš
ǽ֮лˣǽǽڴĻͷĶͻ¶
˵ģȻҲ֪ǽ֮лˣȻ֪ΪλҪҪ
ǲݾߵ
Ϊָıˣ
ڴʲô⣿
ǧϵִ˼ۣȫɻ֮ɫѲ֪һ֮ԶԿˣԲ뵽ӣЩ˶עһЩʱܺ˶Կˣ
ǹˮ
ǧ˼ǧ˫֮еŨ˼֣ķӣȷǸõķӣǽڴ֮ͨ󣬷ȷܶ࣬
һתей
ʶһЩ䱸
ǧһ䣬ҲٽеȥˣǱ¥˷ô죬ʱǻٻǽ棬ýң
Ȼ˿͵͵ģҪ־ͳˡ
ŶǧһתںֳһĨ⣬ǿԵģֻҪ𷢳¥ӦòᷢǵΪ
ԭ˵ʲôҲͨˣЩҲһ˿ţм˷ֵҲǿԵġ
ɿǰЩ˶ѣȻЩ¡
ھж򴽽ǣ΢΢⡣
ǧЦζɰ
̸˾ͽ뷿俪ʼǽڡ
ɢ
Ϊ˲֣ŵڷȴȻԵޱȡ
ǰİɫ£ǧǽ¶Сڶ˫ڶСһܿΪ̼Ķˡ
ǧ鵭ʲô֪һ
˵еִٺͼָ⣬Ŀһֱǽ·ڴʲô
ǧˣ䴽ǣеĲ²Ҳõ֤ʵ
ûãǽкʲô¶ˣаͰ粻˲ɴ˼֣죬ǽеʲôΪһˣ
аͰӣǺ濴ǽЩʲôһ˲ԣһ߾ޱȵʬ塣
곤ҲǼ˴ˣⷬǴδģһʱҲǵӿˡ
ǽΪλʬ壬̫˰˵ľǧҲĿͶȥװȣҲһôǽΪλֶ
һ䣬ǧ˿һۣҲϹ
ûпĻвûκο־循֮ɫʢһĨȻȻѾ֪ǽеĶˡ
ǧֱۣӽĿ˻
ûǧڴԼɶǽ棬ƺЩɢ
ֱ䵽Щʱ㿴ĶˣһѾĽӲаͰٴȻֻһֱӴͷ˽ŵġ
ǱΪղŵֻǻþȴʵʵľˣЩ沿Ťͺǻǽеһ
ܿģҲǽǿЩ֧ģǵʬ׻ˮУ뽫ŪǽҲȻ
ԾⲻԾаȥϵЦݣ˫Ҳ𣬡ǽôôˣⲻԾ¥ڵ͸¶ŹŹ֡
û˵ɫȴЩء
ǧ˫Ҳ𣬽ɫҲЩأȷ⴦¥͸¶ŹŹ֣ǽ޶˳ˣ԰ʲôı
˶ǽеˣһ˲ɫҲ˱䣬ǿ쿴Щ˵ĶǲǱһ£Ǻᶯ
һаͰˢˢǽпȥܿҲ˹Ź֣Щ˺涯һ£ƶˡ
аͰ级ˣҲȻɴ󣺡涯ˡ
ôЩˣΪʲôᶯأ
¥ӦѾܾԶˣǽеЩ˸ܻţѾ˵ĻΪʲôᶯأ
Ҳ̫̫ˡ


772 ÷

˶һۣԴӶԷп˾ɻ
ǧһʲôҲû˵
ȴǰһǿڵǾԲᶯģǽеȴǶһ£͸¶ŹŹֽľУû˵ڰĽ
ǧŤͷ˿ȥ
ûǧĿһ̶ֵڰĽ˸Ϊ涼ߵĻˣ
аͰһе𾪶ÿҪҲ˵ڰĽȷ˸ȸ½ʱҲ˵δʦٵһڰľݵ㣬ȫǻˡ
˵ˣһȫҲһ˵ĸо
˵ǽǻˣô¥Ǻڰľݵˣ
˾֣һʱֻû䵭˲١
Ǳ仯ۣͣҲҲ룬ܾǺڰľݵ㣬λ¥Ҳʲôˡ
½ۣǧŤͷ˼ۣ˵ȷпܵģǽеʬǻˣ¥ûɲ֪ǽеܡ
аͰһȻ
ΪһᣬǾȻڲ֪һ̶ѨѨǻɥġ
ſˮȻЩ£ҲڱϾǼģҲȽϴıʵЩ˵ȥ
ܿ죬аͰѾںˣŤͷ˺ǧͻȻһܴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ȻǽôˣôǽǲҲУ˵¥󱾾û˶ɵģ
䣬һëȻ
ǧŤͷǿȥںֳһĨϲ֮ɫ֪λϺܴȴû뵽һӾͻ뵽˵ϡ
¥û˶ɵģЩ£
λҪ֪俴ͳˣۣ˵
ǧüȴҲûгֹ
λٴζӣûò˵ϵشܹҪú̽һģȻɻ󣬾һҪ⿪ųɡ
ԣӦҪ⿪򴽽ǣظһ͸һĨ˷ɫ
ǧʲôҲû˵
ֹһ󣬼˵־Ͷ֡
ܿǽڶһСĿӣеĶҲܿӳС
ʬЩ沿ʬ壬۾۾ŤǰȻܵʲô˵ĥɡ
˶ǰĻ棬ǻʵ̫̼ͷ·˻һһʱҲ˵
аͰ΢򴽽ǣҲ͸һĨȻ֮ɫǰĲ²ǶԵģ¥ǽ֮вŲٻˣ˵¥û˶ɵġ
õ֪ͷһɣ̱ڵأֱǺܺõιȥ
ȻѾˣǾٺҲ޲ˡ
վֱӣʵȷλ˵һ¥žû˶ɵģָأ
ǧĿһû˵
λҲǳĬǳһһſ˵ȻѾ֪¥ڵĹŹ֣Ҳ֪ܾǺڰľݵ㣬ͲԴˣǱ취뿪طС
˵üǣָ뿪أ۾ʡ
аͰ΢٣´ѾرգټϴƳɣǾҪ뿪Ҳ߲ȥڼǱʮ־ӦԣԲлɳˡ
û˵ͷɾˣҲֻܵһ˺ܳŵſ𣿻˵ȴŸͲῪ־ɻˣ
˳˼
ǧҲƺ˼˵Ļ
ò˵˵Ļе˽סĿľΪ˽һƳɻˡ
ǷţĽֿ϶
ǧȻָһ˫۾Ҳñ쳣˵òֵĿĶȻǽһƳɻˣֻαQӲģԣǲԴС
ؿǧһۣȴʲôҲû˵
ǧ˶ӣĿ䵭
Ǹжа򴽣̲סʵ
ǧƳͷû˵
˳⿴һۣ֮ǳһȴŵȷƳɣҲ¥ûа취Ŵ򿪣ǿԣӦÿԴ¥֣õԿףǾܳȥˡ
ǧۣ⻰˵õǲа취ӽ𣿡
򴽣һʱҲûʲô÷ӡ
ǧĿջṴ
΢Ƭֵ̣͵Կ취ȷЩգ˵ڵĴʵڲǲ¾ϵĻŽԽԽΣա


773 ̯

λĿһ
ǧĿǳû˵
һʱҲ֪ҪʲôҪȥأ
ڴʲô⣿
ǧ֪ȴҲطþȥУ˵ȷûԿأ
ŴǣһƬȻ֮ɫ
λϳĬƬ̣ſ˵ǵȷԴУǸ֪¥еûԿףóȻжݾ˿ô죿
˲˵ȷǷȱһЩǡ
ǧ˿һ̶ֵۣЩǿȹ۲һǸ¥ˣˣҲ١
ֻܵͷ
Ϊ֮ҲֻˣԴУȴҲܴݾаָָǰǽڣǽô죿Ҫͨ𣿡
ǧҡͷˣȻǽôʬ壬֮ͨЩʬûطˣǻˣһҶ˿ôãǾǽаɡ
ҲôġӦһ䡣
λԣҲͬصͷ
ȻѾ㲻ǽˣ˾ΧĻֽ俪Сϣһ˾Ͳ֪ʲô
ӵĻǻҪסһ𣿡аʡ
ҲĿͶϣȻᣬԼļ⣬ûġ
ǧֵڴ䣬ûҪڵ˼
üһڵȻҲͲסһˣϾĿ̫࣬״ݾߣǻͬǰһˣǱ˴˶Ҫ£ǧֶܱˡ
аͰ̽鵽¥ڵܺͷЩţȴǱǰҪ˲١
ǻҪص磬ŲҪװֵط
ǧ˿һۣĿ⵭˵òȫסһĻ״ݾߣΪ֮ƻǻعǰЩӵ״̬̫ͳˡ
һ䣬Ҳܿ˹ʶ
ˣǧһ׼뿪
Ҫ̤ŵʱһŲŤͷͿҲҲҪ뿪ˡ
ǧջĿ⣬Ȼ߳˷š
˿첽ϣǧĻһ߰ɡ
ǧڵ޲ɰǾһ߰ɡ
¥й䣬˲¥ڻװӳǧС
ǧǰװΣֻ÷·˻ʹ֮У˻ˣȴ֪¥ʵ򰵲ΣգǽڵĻ˸ľս
ȴ׹ĵ
ǧһŤͷʱڿ¥ڵһУ˫ֽգؿҲ·뵽ʲô顣
Ŀջأɾģûڡ
һʱ֮ΪΣܲˣ㿪ڵڸղŵ£ǧôģ
ǧ˵Ŀ⣬һŹţҵĿ˵ˣû𣿡
˴΢䣬ҲǽڵʱǧƺΪǽӣǴǽʲôɵѾ֪һ
ԣʲôǧЦЦؿˡ
˱ĿһʶһһһԼֻǾǧ̫ˣ̫Ե֣𣿡
ǧֵڴ䣬ȷһЩɡ
ʹ΢Щܣٴ̧ʱֱö־ҾðɣϵʱǧﻹǲҪܵĲźãϾ¥ǳǧʲôΣգɾͲˡ
ǧָ⡣
һھԼҪ£
ղŻڷ俪ǽڣĿĲΪ˷
ƫ棬һرìܵǧ£ɫҲΪ˼֣ô֪ϲܣڼ𣿡
ɫȣƳͷȥֻ֣俴ˡ
ǧ´ۣ漴ЦԭˣһΪڼزҵȷɢϰߣɢʱܸоһ˫۾ڰңһعͷȥʱôţ
һ٣ʵôˣ
ǧһĨ֮ɫҿһСӰڰ͵͵ңҪ׷ȥʱѾˣӻС
˺ǺһЦ˫ֲٴνգȻˣǧԺɵСˡ
ֹ˺ˣһһǧһЦ΢΢Ĵ˿̵ĺ顣
ͷһʲô
ǧۣռеһȡ


774 ҵġ

һŲԾӵĽҡ
ҺƯҲһЩ꣬ȴɱãɼ˵˼ϸ塣
ɵǧóʱ˽Ǹƣͼôҵģ
Ҳ˵ˣҼ𣿡ǧ˻ȥֱһգϸֳգǧٴ䴽Ц𣬡㾹Ȼôңᣬ͵͵ҵСӰɣ
һһʱ侹֪˵Щʲôźá
ǧеĽңһһˣ⡣
ҲŲǸӰҲҵġ˽еĽңһ񽫽ҸŪˡ
ǧˣĸ⣬ҲֳһĨӵЦȻҲģʲô
˻һҲûнš
ǧǺһЦָһĨڳɫĻ治ҡҷľ͸һĨܵζ
еĻ棬һʱĶɤˣĻΪɫģ
ΪʲôҪ۳ѲɣҪյ
ܿ죬˵뷨͵õ֤ʵֻǧһӵȻҲģյӦҲûϵ԰ɣ
˵ţǧҪյ
˫ɺ죬ѹŭһǧң
ôˣǧЦӣֲģʲô
˭˵ҵģҧгݣҲ΢ЩŤ
ǧṴһŽеĻˣô˵ԼǼ͵ҵСӰˣ
򴽣Щҡҡ׹ƺھᵽҪҪϡ
ǧȴûģĦнңһϵħһɲǣɫĻӿ
Ȼ֮Ǿհɡ
ĸβæסգҳҵģЩڰ͵Ҳҡ
ƺԤϣǧֻһĨЦ̣ʲôҲûУлߣЩϲͺ𣿺αҵأ
򴽣βԡ
ǧЦضҲһĨкղ㾯ҵʱͦ棬ôˣ
̧ǰڳһȥı飬ҵģܽ𣿡
ǧҲһһӹҾͱƵ±һ
ˣǧգգ۾ɿڵȻôңôúñ棬ⶫˣ
˽ҲУغ̧֮ҵʱͽҲУ뿪̫æŵ˰ɡ
ȻǱ֮ɵòزغˡǧƳͷֳ˿һۡ
˱ĿŪûһŤͷòǿڵ֪ʲôʱҵ𣿡
ǧֵڴ䣬֪
æǵͷ
ǧֽĿͶϣ촽ſڵһŨҵҩζҩҲҩʱõõҲ´ӦҩʦӵС
һ㶣𾪵سǧһۡ
𾪵Ŀ⣬ǧǳǳһЦɾλҩʦһʱûͷֱһ˵
ţգգ۾Щ˵׳ʲô©
ǧƿ촽üҺ֣ΪλͻȻҴһʼЩҩʦ̸ܸ߰Уҷر̸֣ʦʱıֱӱˡ
˫ȭ˵ʲô𣿡
ǧֵڴ䣬ЦЦֵΪ֣һֱڹ۲һһ¥˵ʱıֱˣ÷ŭһЩҵʱرΪλ¶ı飿
򴽣ȫ֪Լıᱩ¶˳ס
ǽڣǽЩʱҼὫǽ渲ǣ˭֪㾹ȻһᡣǧЦЦĿͶϣǼʱ꣬ҵʱ룬Ӧ֪ǽڵܣҲӦ֪Ǻڰľݵ㣬Ϊˣղʱ㵭ԣҾ͸ӿ϶ˡ
ᳶǣ󾹴Ц㵱ǴƾЩȻܲ³ҡ
ǧ䴽ҹ۲ȽϺá
ЦЩһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧһδʵˣһЩҲףܷ֪أ
ͷһ֪ʲô
ǧЦݵģȴǼΪÿģȻ֪ǸԨΪҪΪѰʲôΪ˱𣿡
һ˫һһ׵ģҧסй¶ʲô


775 ƿǻأ

ǧü׷ʣ˵ʦˣ̸ʱɫЩ֣ҲʦǵĲ¥вİɣϾʦߵҩʦȻμֽᡣ
ȻָɫҲøΪѿ˼֡
ǧˣٴԼǲ¶ˡ
治ˣǱɻ˰ڼ˵ʱŻԹޣɴ˿ɼİɣ
˴ǷףɫǲҰֽ䶯Ŵһ仰Ҳû˵
ǧ۾ЦҲ䵭˼֣ˣ˵Ķ𣿡
˽˫ȭɿҲ֪˶òǿ˵ǧû뵽˵úܶԣĿȷʵҲ֪ǽеܣɾأ
ЦһЩ룬ֹ˵ĶУ޷ɱֻЩǰձƳɻˣ
ǧ죬·ܸܵ˵ı룬ıҲһ䡣
΢˫ٴʱеɫɰҺúԼȻСǿһЩǸͱҸŪˡ
¥ڻ˲٣ǿһЩӦҲ޷ɣǧ̲סһˮ
ҧ˵
ǧЦЦֵܸңʦβģʱҲ¥𣿲Ȼ¥е㲻֪ɣ
֪ȥֱӿ˿ڣԣʱҲ¥С
ǧһ㶣˲һӿͷڵĻôģ¥ڵĻӦòǳصİɣ
ǿеɻ΢Ƭ˵ʱʦ¥󣬱Ϊ˲μӽᣬһʼƽʦҲΪʮԺõٱ˭֪¥ͻȻƽˣкЩҩʦˣΪʲôֻȥѰ֣˭֪侹Ƿ¥ܣ
˫ɺ죬ҲһĨŭɫй
ǧţ˿ûд˼
ҧ˵ʦͽ𾪣˭뵽콻ĵطȻǺڰľݵҺʦ˳ȥ˭֪¥˾ȻˣǵʱܻţʦΪ˱ңҲһط
ǧüʲôطܰȫ
˻һ£ŵʵ¥һСӣС˵ܵطʱҲɴģҼǵõʱʦ֮ʾһƿһСͨˣ֪ƿǸء
ǧһת
ǼСӣ
ƿأ
ǧȻ뵽Ǽӣͷȷһƿƿܾ£һͷǳ֡
ԭǸƿǻذȻأǧһ䣬Щġ
ֱָ棬Ҳûúۣʱ˿϶ѾˣʦΪ˱סңֱӽҶСͨʦȴԭضǸħ
ʹ˫ǧƺµ˽֡
ҧҧ꣬ɤӵСͨ󣬻ؾԶˣ͸϶һܿͷ
ǧüʲôûʡ
üͷ壬ۿģһֻСޣҿˣʦǸ£ʦɱԺȻЦ
䣬ҧгݾͺ޲ýɱ
עһЩˡǧѡ
һŻָ˹ȻҿʦϲһӣЩɫҺ壬ʱҲ֪ЩɫҺ˱ɻˡ
ǧӲһתСͨͨη
΢Ƭ̣֮ǿ˵ʱΪԼҲѲˣҵʦģҲܾôˣԾ˳Сͨһֱһֱߣ˭֪ڼʱԺҾȻߵ¥ͷ
ǧӸ˼֣˵ǸСֱͨͨģ
˵ͷû뿪¥ķʽǴţǸСͨ
һ䣬ͻȻЩڣͲӦý˵ıҲϣʹ뿪ĿֻΪ˱ѣ
ղ״ǽڣʵϾǹġ
ѾʶԼСΪ˱ֻܶһЩæȻû˵ЩΪ˱ĻҲ취ɱʱɱԽೡԽңҲڻѰ϶ɱ
Ȼ˵ˣǵʱô찡
ǧƿ˵İûں죬˫һ˵Ҳһ䣬ȻѾ֪˳ȥİ취ղΪβ˵أ


776 

ʶһҲ뽫ʦ˵˵ͨ飬Ҳڼ˵ʦ飿
ǧЦ
򴽣ֵǸСݰɭϣ˵Σһа취ȥ𣿡
ǧüʢɫʵǹⲻ˵ģ԰ɣ
Ȼɴ۾˫ҲŲҲ֪˵ʲô
ʵǼСȥˣû˵ôɭϣ෴׽ȥֻ˺ܿˣҲûʱ̽
´ǧۣЩš
ǧָ⣬ЦôݵţĽȥˣҲ˰ɣʱҾͶδ͵㣬ûҰɣ
˵ͷһӵؿǧۡ
ȥǼСӣ˲ʬ壬Щʬ屻˹ӣܿҪƳɻˡ
֪ԣȥǼСӣ
˵ɫ仯ͣһʱҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻѡĬ
ǧⲽһͿ˵˰Ҳ²Ϊβ˵ͨΪ뱨𣬶ʹ뿪𣿡
û˵˫ȴǴ࣬ܿճȭ
ǧзĹ⣬ֵ֪ǽڵܣǿֻţ̶ָʾȥɱˣʱ϶üΪңҲע⵽Щɱˣ㣬Զڰ͵͵۲죬Ƕܾ֮ʱٳɱˡ
˫һҲŵʹ
ǧ촽һƽЩǵĵƣǰ˵ע⣬ǵȫ컯Ψһͷɱ˱𡣡
Ȼһ𾪵ؿǧ
ŮΪЩС˼СıȫûЩƣעͿ컯ˣֻҪɱˣǲͳӢ
ʲôõģ
ŴǣǧɫԣҲûЩʳڡ
˰ˣʱ̫ȱ־̫ձˡǧִ˵ļϣ漴ս˵к˼Ȱ㻹΢Щĺãλ죬˵һǱ𣿡
ɫףȴϵҲ֪˵ʲô
ǧЦЦһһˮӣ֪˵ʲôģ룬ӦǸˣȻ˾ͱʲô޴顣
һ򴽲
ǧߵЦλϳʲô¶Ǿưոݵģʱ㻹ܰı𣿡
Ȼɴ۾ʲô˼ʲô
һ᲻ʲô͵ÿıˡǧЦüΪãֻһҪ󣬲λϳ£ܰ쵽𣿡
Ƭ̣һǿڵˣҲֵġ
ǧصͷ
ֻûûֱ̱ǽϣ󱳶Ѿˮʪ
ҧҧֻǧ˶Ҫÿֲ档
һҪΪʦ𣬲ȻʧȥˡЩʹر۾ҪΪʦ𣬲ȻһӶᰲĵġ
û˵㱨𰡡ǧֻҪ㲻³çжͳɣҪʱҲ㣬ϾǺڰľݵ㣬Ǹ˵ĵط
˫Ҳһ˵ԸɱǸˣ
ǧ䴽Цȴ˪ǰ㣬ǰԼȻУҪıǱѡ
ԭˡ˳һ
ǧŤͷ˿һۣһŵҲɹʶˣȥ»𲻱ҪĻɣǾʹɢ˰ɡ
д⣬ɣɢ˰ɡ
ǧתϵЦҲɢȥúܿص˷С
һϣȴͻȻһǷû뵽Ǹ˾Ȼ̯ˣҲǵģȻǰˣС˼󻹲ǱŰ໽У
ǧõԴЦʲôŰ໽Уҿɸû֣𣿡
öų䣬ЦЩû֣㶯˰
ǧüʲôû˵
÷˸ǧϣʵСѾͷҪ˺ɱǸ𣿡
ǧָ⣬΢Ƭ̲ŵǸöЩ캦飬һٴҲǻãҲ֪Ǹƿǳڣ淢ʲô¶һ꣬ܳȥ𣿡
úٺһЦСѾͷǿúͨ͸


777 ûҵĺÿ

ǧüȻúһʱôĶ֪
ַһӳϣŷϲУʲôʱǸɱ
ǧ򴽣üͷǽȿ˵ɣϾĵ̣ôˣƶһܺõļƻЩ鷳
õͷͬ˵
ʱƿڵķȴһƬ
ǧѩϵĲյͷͳƿ濴ȥС㣬ͻȻ뵽Щ飬ھ͵Ҫȥһ¡
ƿȻ̧ͷ˵ʲô
ǧѩЦô󷽵壬˵Ҫȥһ¡
ƿһ뵽ʲôһקסǧѩ䣬㲻ߣһͻȻ¼ô죿
ǧѩЦŽַƿֱţģղŲ˵ѾץסСĲ溦¡
ƿָ⣬ͷЩ£֪Ѿץסˣиһأһˣһɱ˵ʱ㲻һẦµġ
ǧѩšüܿ콫еѹ£С㲻ú£һµģֻǳȥһ¾ͻˣ㲻õġ
ƿͷЩеʣ𣿡
ǧѩͷȻģƭʲô
ƿ򴽣û֣ӣֵǧѩҪȻĺ¡
֪ˣһġǧѩһĨͷ֣ôڣԽɿ𣿡
ƿʶɿˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴܾǧѩЩˣúǰһˣҲøˣĻԼܻ᲻ԾҪȥӣһֵֺĸо
ƿ̧Ŭάյĸ߰ǧѩǰԼ΢Сһڲκμ
ǧѩۣ˿̺ϲƿӣһۿȥ˻̹
һЦֱ̧Ŷ
ǧѩһţֱȥ˵ס
˵ס¥һܺӣƽЩ˽룬ǧѩȥʱҲܵ˲С谭
λӵӣ㲻ȥС˽ǧѩ⡣
ǧѩЦЦֱӴȡһöƣöƽӣöԺ֪ôˡ
С˽ӹƣȻֻ֮һָ⴫ݣܿ
ƣ̳ﱼȥûС˾ͳˣһϢλ˵ˣȽȥ
ǧѩ䣬ҡھ˽ȥһ뵽棬ͿϺȾƳԲ˵ˡ
ȥյĺͰף˿ЦЦЩ죬˵Ҳ˱䣬ͺݷںҹеȮһ
öģĦеƣһĨɵ
ǧѩϵɫĵƤ𪣬μãڰƣȻǻ᳤ҵ룬Ҳһöưɣ
ǧѩֵڴǣЦЩ࣬ȴͱְλߣӦҲûҵĺÿ
ŵöеƣǧѩڵķȥ֪˵СʧԶӭˡ
ڰעְλߵ͵ģְλµҲ͵˳ԼְλߵģȻҪߵݣǺڰĹأ˶ƻ
ƻ͸ýܳͷ
ǧѩܴ˿ֱ˹ݵĸоʥŮ˺ڰҲӦҪһְλǸлӦҪ󣬲Ȼ͵һһǰ
Ըģ
Ǻڰһݵ𣿡ǧѩڳһ̬߰ˡ
˲ͷϵĺˮһǵĴˣǺڰһݵ㣬Сģݵİˣ𽫲μӽҩʦƳɻˡ
ˣ
ǧѩ΢΢һ㶡
֪˵ģ˵Щ
ԭΪֻһֽһִ˵ȴû뵽ֶԼҲѲԭǸˣѾ׹ħΪ顣
ǧѩüָܿƽҲ˵Щˣɱġ
ûˡɹڵϣģޱȣҪƳɻˣҲңΪǺڰЧ͡
ЩԵı飬ǧѩֻöķǳѹеĶĸУȻԻôȤһºòã
գգ۾ҪСʲô
ǧѩ˳Ľë΢΢ʢ֮ɫҹӵĶߣⲨҩʦиŮˣͷ˼ΪǱ֪Ǻڰľݵ㣬ᵷҵġ


778 1

ʲô˾һҿľӪľݵ㣬˵˵Ҿ͵ңŮ˽ںεأ
԰ǧѩЦЩӣŮˣǲӦñأ
תתӣҪСʲôأ
ǧѩյ˶ߣ˫ȻһҲһĨѪ͸˵ĻСĶסˣСĶᰴմ˷Ըµġ
ǧѩգգ۾ЦЩ䣬ΪңΪǵĺڰ£Σ֮˶֪𣿡
С֪ˡͷ
ǧѩٴЦȻˣҾ͵ĺϢˡ
䣬ǧѩ뿪ɫۻһȣ˿̵ȥ欸߹ģһĨѪֶ
ħ뿪Ӻǧѩ¥Уȫ»ᱻ˹ʲôġ
ǺڰˣǸ⹥أ
ǧѩһ䣬ͻȻּڰҲкôģУĨɱԼ˳۵ˣԼ֡
ǧѩָоڰڣ
ڷкöӵǧһ
һ£ëҲ֣û䣬ôͻȻ򺮲أ
Īǣ˵㻵ðŪצӣѿǳǧһЦ
ǧѩ°ͣ˼˵ĻЩǱʲô˶˰ɣϾ¥ڴ͸Ź죬汻ҲΪ档
׼Σһʡ
ǧü̬ܺõ˵ˮڣпռңħ֣
һצпռ䣬ԣ
ǧһЦȴ
ڶգͻȻǧС
ǧ˵üۣḧŪָⲻɿʵͻȻãν°
̧ڵ庮ʱӲɿʼ֮ȶŵҷ¥˽Щ֡
ǧü֣ôַ
šüͷƺڻʲôղ¥ϿһֱдʣеЦҲЩˣ֮ͽǼСӣҲ֪ȥʲôˣ֮ǳлһ֧ͨںڵĵӡ
ǧƳͷ
˵ͷҲҸֻ̫̽鵽Щ֧ʵЩ죬úƳɵİɡ
ӣ
ǧһ㶣ںһ⣬ǵϴϼҲһ֧ƳɵĵӣǵӺܿƻ˵ģֻҪᴵ࣬˾£Ǻá
㵱濴һ֧ӣǧ۾ģҲø
˱ĿһҲῴģһ֧ƳɵĵӣһЩġ
ǧҲԶǰú𣿡
ҡҡͷδҵһμ
ǧµĶ΢٣ֽסһǣҲ˵صؽóģĿĵЩ׽ˡ
˵ͷһ˵ǲúӶԸǣ
ǧ΢΢̧ۣеɫ΢΢һܣǰҼֵӣ֪ʲô𣿡
ʶ̿ˮʲôã
ǧֵڴǣЩģȴɭζƻ˵ģֻҪЩ˾ͻݵָʾ£صؽȡֻҲͷġ
˵ͷһ£ţ
ȻǧĵصͷǳڰȻˣȻҲа취ƻ˵Ķ˲޶ȡӵģҪжˡ
䣬ǧͷҲŲһ¡
ҪжĻôǽڳɰǧĻҲжʱ̫٣ƻԿ
ɣǧ򴽣֮ںһ΢⣬ǶҪжǰжȻǾͻᴦڱ״̬
ô˵ûںֳһĨɫǸжأϾ˲ʡ͵ĵơ
ǧüһȻôǵ취ȡ˵˵
ôȡ̲סʡ
ǧһ˵
˽ȴûг
ģ̌ڵм־֮ɫǲȡҼǵЩһֱڷУҲ֪ڵЩʲô֧ҲŴŵģǲȡ
̾һҲ֪ܲȡǺã


779 2

ܹа취ġǧҲ֪˶̧ͷҪȥ˵ķ̽һ
̽飿˲̿ˮɫҲɷף뵽ʦĲ״ɣ᲻ݾߣ
ֻҪǱһ˵ǲġǧһңΨ̽һźó֣ǲ𣿡
Ȼɴ۾զ˭˵ҲңȻǸҵġ
ǧǺһЦü۵٩˰㲻˵ҪΪʦ𣿿ƺΪɵҪǺѡ
˴ʲôҲû˵
֪ǧ⻰еֻѡĬ
ǧ΢վھȥ˵ķ̽һʱɵñֵȻһЩɱ¶ˡ
û뵽ǧôҪȥˣС
Ҳæվ֤Լǲ¶ŵġ
ǧǳЦܿ˾һ䷿ſڣڷſڵС˿ٽ£λҼͷϢʱӴˡ
ɫһ䣬ЩҪӲ˼
ǧɫסŤͷǰСˣܲ鷳ȥͨһкҪ飬ҪǼ̸
С˿ǧһۣȷЩżѲʲô飿
ȵȣСȽȥͨһС˳Ƭ̺˵
ǧ󣬲ɵͷɣȽȥͨɣǵĺϢ
Сû˵ֱŶ롣
ãŴһŲȥСѾˣǧǣλҼ˵ȻҪ飬ǾȽȥɡ
лǧ΢䣬̧Žȥ
΢㶣ܿ͸ǧĽŲ
ԺǧӷͷмҾ߶Ϊ£ϵǸ¯Ʒ˿һ۾ϲ
ǧܿͿǰȲˣһϮߵĽۣͷ߸¶һԲָ׺
豭£Цøշһλкμ°
ţָָԱߵΣʾ¡
ǧЦЦܿˣ˻΢ЩţѾˣҲ
˵ǽǰȷҪҪ˵ǧգգ۾ԼֵЩš
һµؿǧкμ£˵ܰǽأ
ǧһתһĨϲɫ¶ܰ𣿡
Ȼġ˿ǧںֳһĨӵĹ⣬ǧѩ˵ǧǸΪѲŮˣҼΪ
¿ûǧѩ˵ôɴ
Ѳ
ֻͨɣǸżӸǸ˻һǧѩ˵ǰ
򴽣ʾɡ
ǧ˵ŪͷһܲдһĨ̽ʹΪʲôע⵽أ
ǧ΢򴽽ǣ¶ˣ
Ӧûʲô˻ɵɣ
ܿ˾ͽĿƿ΢üҲһĨŪܣ·ЩǧƵġ
ǧգգ۾Щףһ˲ֻЩĪ
Ūˣˣ
˾Ǹ
˼
ǧеȥǳ˵ʵģҺ񿴵һСӰҴڣʱҾͱŻˣҴڵСӰܾɱ֡
˽鲻䣬ȴĹȻأСӰ𣿡
ǧ󣬲ҡҡͷҲ֪СӰǲ֣ҴҪȥʱǵСӰʧˣ·δֹһ
𣿡һЦģЩ졣
ǧָ⣬ɱֵЩºͽţǰ¥Ƿץɱ֣
ЩĪؿǧһۣ˭˵ץˣ
ǧȵסǣ¥ڵҩʦڴץ֣Ȼ¥ںιʻƽտСӰ֪ʲôЩ¡
һת֮ſ˵ɱûץЩӵȷƽ˺ܶ࣬Ǹּﲻˣߵ˰ɡ
СӰǧ򴽣ЩΪѡ
䴽һЦ˵㿴˰ɣ⼸ôƽͱӹˡ
ǧЩˣ΢Щˡ
ЦЦһӣܿһ¶˳һ֧ͨɫĵӣ֧ӽúƳɣͦϵΣԵЩ졣


780 ɢע

ǧƳͷ֧Ժ˫ָֻƽ
ûǧı仯ǾһԵЩźͼü̲סʵλСֵǷʲôΪ˽ţ
΢㶣һӾͶ˵Ŀ⣬ҧҧڴ˿ͺ޲ý˴ж˿飬ʦ
ʦ
ҧͷһ
šüͷĿ⿴Щڣɵ˰ɣȻôԼ
ǧ񣬲ɫس˳˵°ڣֿڵ¥λСֵܵӱȽϺãСӰԺͺµڣԲŻɵɵģ¥Ҫְ
æǰڰ֣ûûô飬Ҳ֮ģ⡣
ǧףȴԡ
˱ǧôһҲеȥĿȴĺѡ
ӣ
˵ܿƻſˮСس˳ǧ°ڣʾȥĺӡ
ǧͿ֧ˣԵٴοȥʱϵı˿ûб仯ڿһ֧ͨĵӶѡ
¥ϲ𣿡ǧָָĵӣ״Ʋһ䡣
һ㶣ʶںḧǰϲӣϾʱϲдӡ
ǧ۾
ֻ²ϲӣϲЩ˰ɡ
ȻЩҲֻ룬ü۵ʹһЦ¥ǺˣңͲᴵʲôӣȫ
ϸϸǧۣ޺ʲôѲǧѩһ֮ʡ
ǧѩְλԼߣҲֻ£ȻóԲ˶ߡ
ǧ˵ıòͣҲ֪뵽ʲô¶ı飬΢ɲɫ
˴һǷ̶ʵǻʲô𣿡
ûˡģ̌˫貣Ǻӡ
ǴһǷһҪ˵ӣЩˣûµĻԻȥˡ
ǧܸɴվɣǾȻȥˡ
˱Ϊǧܻбʲô¶ɴ뿪ǻƿһΪĻƿ
һĿǧ뿪
ȥԺǧϵǳЦ£漴˵Ҳһ䣬ǳղҲ˰ɣ֧Ӿ˵䣬˼ƣÿնҪȡЩѶȡ
˵ͷҲƼҪȡӶ֣ͦѣټϷſڰɭϣһʱҲȥ
ǰǧ̾һ»Щˡ
˴һʱҲ˳Ĭƺ벻ʲôˡ
ǧ˿һۣȻȥ˵
˵ͷܿ͸ĽŲ
ȥԺǧһʱ主ɵ˶𣬡ӲֻȡҾǿȷɢ˵עʱٳûȡĺӡ
ôɢע̲סһ䡣
ǧĬƬ̣Ż˵ԼļƻҪȥҷɢ˵עôʱһġ
һס
ǧЦؿһۣô𣿡
뵽ʦĲ˫üһҲ·Ⱦһŭ˭˵ҺˣҶҪ˸ۣʲôƻһҪ˵һɵġ
ȵľ仰ǧ˵ļ
˳ǧ˼ۣʲôҲû˵
һվ׼뿪
ǧıӰһ˲ҲǳĬ
ڶգǧܿ͸̶˼ƻ
󣬾ƻУܿʹӦˣЩŽţʲôʱʼж
ͽ죡ǧֶ
˵ͷܿѰ˸ɳ˵ķȥŵС˼ĺֽܼȥˣһԺ˾ͱ˷С
ǧһԵ¥͵͵ţĻȥԺͷҲһɡ
ȥֻǵһȥһӲҪ
ǧ˫ȭҲЩš
ߵ˾͸ˡ
ѾʦŴ꣬Ҳô˲١
Ҽǵ㡣ǰ˿˼ۺǿڵǧһͬġ
һ仰Ժ˲ŷΪԼѾ¶ˣòûУһ΢΢ǰͬǧһģ¥Ȼǵҡ


781 ӽǵ

Ǻǡ˸Цһֳ˿˼ۣ̲סʵν£ҿͦżġ
˴ƣмż֣¥ҸղſһСӰ¥ȥ
ûЩʲô򴽽ǣߣ߰ɣʲô
գգ۾һһֵǵСӰһֱߣͺʲôһ¥м᲻ʲôԾ
ûʶʲôԾɰ˰֡
վһ࣬ʲôû˵
˽ζ˹ȻʶЩԾ˵ʲôǵСӰ¥ˣ
գգ۾ֵЩãȻǰ¥ʲô𣿡
˵ͷһ£ʲôвԣǿǴ󲻶ԣ
¥ߵ˵ңǱ˷ܣʱһʰȻҧͷǲ˼ŭ
ĶӲңǲҪˡ
͵ЩʵǵСӰʱȥģ
˼ĿѾϹҲҲ͸ողȥģ¥ȥֹĻӦüġ
˫棿
ͷȻƭ¥ʲô¥ðһ䣬¥ЩʲôǵСӰΪҪǱȥ
˫͵ؿˣƺ뽫̴
һ㶣æֱ֮ӽϵĲ豭˲豭ûֱ䵽ϣ䵽˵ĳϡ
ܿϾһˮ˿
ŭⶫôëëŵģ֪ϲһۣ˿̶Ūˡ
۾˫ޱȣͼϵˮղɾ¥ĵģҲżһϵˮŪɾġ
˼ȥ֮侹ǽĵɨǽ߽䣬ûвֵģƺΪ
¥Բ治ǹġ˲ʾ۽ǵȴŽ䴦ĺӡ
зĻͽӼˡ
¥ĶԲ˲ˣŪˡ
۵ýһַˣŭⶫ׻᲻ᰡôëëŵģеĻ糷ˣҿķ
Ŵǣ˫Ҳ΢΢ź죬ƺЩˡ
¥Ҫ·ɣ
ŭĿӣԽԽǲ˳ۣý˵ʲô·ĻˣҪЩȥߴסǸСӰҲһͬȥ
˵ţҪȥ
΢㶣ǿ䴦ĺӣ򴽣Щ뿪
ʲôߣ˻ֱӳŭһ
ֻܽĿ˻΢΢̾һٸ˵ĽŲ
ȥԺֱӺ˷ֵվڷſھ뿪Ӱ򴽽ǣ뿪Žȥó
ϧСһֱſţͽȥ
ʲôҼӵķ䣬㻹ߣС˼˲뿪ֱӳˡ
˴װֱˡ
ߵ¥ڵĵط˺ܿͷǧĴڣһֱǧԣѾ֧ˡ
䣬ؿڣЩ£ղ˺ÿ£вֻԼҲԲ˶ߡ
ţҿˣĺܺáǧļʵأˣ
뵽䴦ĺӣɴһһжռƻţѾŪ䴦ˣǽȥõ
ǧſվļСˣƺվˣһ˺Ƿ
ЩҲţ
ǧһ䣬¶һĨΪЦݣģôˣǵסҵģʱӽǵġ
˳ǧһۣеʱ˻һǧһõӵĸо
ˣ϶õİ˼ʱǧѾϣһֵſڵСΣһ֣֮ҡڵŶ롣
վ¥Ŀɿڴ
Ҳ̫򵥴ֱ˰ɣ
ЩС˿Żͦģôһоͱӣֻ΢ôһεˣûã
˿̣ǧѾ뵽˷С
¿˼ۣܿͿ˾ڽ䴦ĺӣǧǰһѽӼתߡ
ľٶɾ䣬ȫûκζԼĶȥԺתߡ


782 һӲҪ

˲ϳţôõ𣿡
ǧеĵӣ΢õˣƼ𣿡
пһۣܿͿ֧ͨɫĵӣȴ͸һӹУ˿žЩڡ
˹һЦḧźӣǵõ񳤵ˣʱû˵ӶȻ޷ȫЩˣҲаɱǸˡ
ûǧü˫Ϊ˷ֹͻķҾǻӦǸء
һ㶣ܿǸƿͨĻأΣ
ǧָ⣬ЩҩʦȻЩ߰޷ǵټǸûдɱ˵ֻ鷳ǵѰһʱЩҩʦͳȥ
ͷɰҲôġ
ҹ˺ܿͻֺᷢӲˡǧкէ֣¥һǵþжвɵˡ
ɣǻȥƶƻ˽ģǱļиС
ǧһۣʲôû˵
뿪ǼС֮ž¥֮кöҩʦڽҩ
ǲµɱѾץѾȫˣϽϲõЦݣѾӳһ㡣
ǧˣڻһĨŪĹâЩ˻գﲼΣգȴʲô֪һ治֪һָһֱ
򴽣һֱɣôĶ֪
ǧǳЦӯӯû˵ͷʱǧѩ˫ӡ
䴽ЦţЦùҲǧˣͷɿһ£֪ǧѩΪҪЦǹĽ
֮ǧѩŽĿ˻ƿһ߶ģޱȣĸ˾Щ֡
ǧһֱǧѩıӰֱӰʧŻȻ
ǸǧѩԽԽ˱ʱаͰѾߵߣĿһƳɿʵôˣл뿪ط𣿡
ǽ˵ѹλϽݡ
ǧԭأֱ˴ߴŽ롣
ȥԺ˾ͽղŵ˵һ飬ΪλϸףҲ˵е飬Ƴɻ˵Ĳ衣
λԺ󣬲ЩȣϸζλнԲŭɫҧΪˣȻȫɱҲû뵽¥ھȻǵңֱɥĲ񡣡
䣬λеŭԾû
ǧλϿһۣ΢λҲŭģǴ˿ҪľҪ˴򵹣ݵ٣պҲ޹֮˶ˡ
аһæǸͣԣֵطӦñ٣
Ҳǵͷȫûʲô
ǧǻָˣٴο˵λϣʵһƻǴɱ˵ʱ򣬻Ҳæ
λȫûбס붼ûֱӿʵҪЩʲô
ǧ΢㶣ˣҲԥϾǿص飬û˻˷Ƶλȴˣ
ͷҲм¶˳ʵҲʲôΣյ飬ֻҪǽ¥ڵЩҩʦȥŵĸ޷ʩչ
λһ㶣ô򵥣
Ҫδȥأ
Ųǽ
ѵѾõԿף
֪Щʲôǧڽһ䣬˳ڵĻͨҲ˵˳λ漴Ȼ
ԭˣ¥ھȻĻءλظ֤Ƿģ򵥵һúɵġ
ǧǼᶨĿ⣬Щˣ˵ʵҲ򵥣ϾǺڰܻأȥʱɵҪСˡ
λæǵͷȴκκ֮УеֻһǻѪ
һ̸֮˵ͷҲ
Ͼ˼ƻǰǰäĿ˿˱Ͼʡ͵ĵƣǻһӲҪǧصԺ˶̱ϡ
ۡ
΢΢һ
ߣó˲գ𣿱þЩУɿˡ
ǧݺݵһۣ˵˵ҿûôŰ
һ˵
ǧõĶӣЩĻܾЩ˳ˣͷ΢Щ


783 

ðǧһۣӹţ˳ҪŪü쳣޵
ǧηõʲô
ͦõıôˣòʡ
ǧһ飬ʲôû˵
߶߶ѽͱӹˣרôɱ
ҲԡǧһվͶ֡
ϣС˱˷ʢͣǧ㱧˴ϣ˯˯֮ʣǧͷ˶
ܴ󣬺ܳ·ʲôǽгƳ˳ƳԺ󣬱ϤϤĽŲͷһֱصͷ·ֻε࣬һ˲ľս亹ð
ǧšüͷȻ˫ʱԸоһһֲ֪ʱ󱳴Ȼʪ˴Ƭ
ʪں󱳣ֲĸо
ǧԴֻЩԺģͷҲЩܲǣ³ҲЩɳƣô£ͷʲô
Ҳ˯оѣɤӣզզô£Ϊκö˶˵ĻôΡ
ͷڼǽڵҲϤϤĽŲһԵùǳ
ǧϸ֮أüôúʲôǽгˣ˿ͷѲΡ
ðڳһȵӣ˵ˣ
ܡǧ·վüͷȴýǣΪղŻжôжأ
Ҳ̫˾ͷ·ͼƻһǧеĺӣһʱֻй˵Υ͸иֶﲻԣȴ˵
ôһ˵ҲЩ֡°ͣװģ˵˲ôˡ
ˣȳȥ˵ǧ̾һߵſھһһŭ
Щҩʦ˯˹ȥ񱻹ŹѣٶЩƢ
ŭţţͷĹŹΪһ塣
ЩŭǧüͷòЩ
ûЩҩʦ꣬һҵļ𣬰żʺѪҺ
͡һѪǧǰĴҲһЩѪҺ
ʺѪҺͬһܲڴϣǧǰͻأֵѪҺ˫ͫɽ
ôѪӿ
ˣ
ݲϸ룬ǧֱӶŶ߳⣬ͷ龰ʱͷƤ˲䷢飬仯ͣһ˲Щס
죬׿ʲôԭµ¥ÿӿݣǽѣ¶һЩںƬЩںƬ̷ǳЩʲôһԾǽѣɱ¥УôҲȥ
Щѵǽڷ϶䣬һվ˻ţѾõ峯Щҩʦڶȥ
·ŵʻζ˫ɺ죬ڳһ̰ײеģ
ɳ沢ֻЩ˾ֵҰЩҩʦ޸֮СãŲʱҩʦǾͱץסˡ

Ҫҡ
ҩʦֳ棬ͱˡ
ɻѲ࣬ûֻԭʼʳвǸеһ˿˿Ȥ
˻һֱҧסҩʦǵֱۣӲ˺һƤ⡣Ѫ⣬׽ʱճѪҺϵ䣬Ѫȶֲ̡
ҩʦֻһʹһֱ¶ɭȻ׹ǣŵ棬˫Ҳ
ҪҲҪҡ
ҩʦ㲻ܳҡ
ҩʦǲϿ޺ţɼʹˣûκͬУٴҧ£ǸϣҧһѪ⣡
ֱ˺ʹвϴ̼񾭣ˣǵҲڳž޴ѹ֣ۣҺ£׹һԨǿϣ
ҩʦǿ޺ţ¶
ԸһɱҲԸ˻ҧ
ǻ˾ǷˣһڽǵԴҧһ˲ѪԽҲɢ˸ء
һ˲ԽѪ⣬֫岼أһӾϵĳһǿδеΣ
ǧھ׽Ļǣϱ龲ģȴ΢΢ź
ģȻǰˣЩںεأ
ǧеŭⲻɢһֱӴӿռȡһѪɫķȣ
ѪɫķΪҫۣĿ
ûΣգʳѪ⣬¶һı顣


784 

ҩʦôгɰǧͲֵģһܿ콫ĿͶǧϡ
ǲ򴽽ǣ񿴵һζһһ˲ǵĿ¶̰֮ɫ࿴ȥúóԣԣ
ǼŪŴǣֻգ۵˲䣬Ǿͳǧڵķɱȥ
ǧǸеģǲɹ˹ЦЩڽԲĶ
һ䣬ǧеķȣҫɫķڿлһȦûһɫĻϯ
ɫĻ磬֮︲
ϹŻ֣
л֮ƵϹŻ֣
ϹŻֱշǧһֱõĵӦ֣ͷ·ѾȫںһָоΪˬ죬ûֿˣֻܽȴܲ׸һ
ǧ촽΢ϵ֮к
ʱһ
ѵҩʦ۾֡
˭žžǲǣ
֪˭ڳ֣ӷǴȲɣ
ҩʦԺģȫ֪¥ڵ׷ʲôѺ󿴵ǰĳʱǳֱͣӱˡ
ǰĶЩʲô
ҡҡλεģЩλҲЩ˰˫ղҰףĸǲʬߣ˸еģ
ǣЩھ׽ʲôһƤ⣬ĴȺֱ۶ǿԿԴģģѪֹ졣
ҩʦſˮѾɵۡ
ǺϲѪ߰ߣвѾеֻʣϰʬ壬һЩֻеһ֫Ҳһء
ѪҺ֫鲼Χ˿̵¥һѪȵ˼Ǿǻеζͣ
ҩʦŴͣŵֱ̱ڵء
Ǽ˵ģȴûѪȹĳضˣһǱһĵˣԽʲôڵʡ
Ҳ̫˰ҩʦֻһ󷭽θؿڲϸŻ
Ϊʲô¥ڻֶǶҪǶҪֹɱ𣿡
죬ЩǺڰĻˡ
Ҳ
ҩʦǵĿ޺¥
ڹǧĻ˺Щתת֪Щ˱Ƚֱ׷ȥ
ҩʦǻڲϸɺţȫ֪ΣѾ١
һֱҧһҩʦĲӡ
һ˲ѪӿʣµҩʦһͬѾҧ΢㶣󾹱ľǿźţֱת¡
ˣˡ
ǳȥǳȥ
Ϊ¥ڻлˣ̫ˡ
ҩʦǾʧ룬Ҳ·һ˲䳡üΪԴΪЩڸǶèè˻һٴο񱼶ȥ
ҩʦΪ˱ܣɻ֮һҩʦֱˤڵء
ҩʦܲˣ̧žϲȹȥ
ˤҩʦƺһֱӱˣվȴѾ˾ֱͷ­
͡һԽѣճѪҺԽϵ䣬ȳζ˲ɢɻȴŵʲôζһ̴ͷЩԽ
ҩʦǼˣŻΪ˱ֻеĲʼǰܡ
ǵΧ鲼Żˣָܵȥأ
ǧڶԸˣҩʦ蹷һܣҧЩôǰ׳
˶ΪУǳֵģýȥ
ɢĻ˸ԶԸǧҧгݣеķȻʱֱӽ͵ϮĻ˸ˡ
ֻҪԸǰĻ˾Ϳˣ˱õǣҪɱǰģñ֤Ļ͵Ϯ
Щ޴ˣֱǺ˺
ǧȾһЩŭ⣬ͺ޲ýЩ޴ɱ
ʱһȷű򿪣λϺֱӴӷڳˣһЩǱĺۼմһսһ
ǧǰʵô£
Ӧû㰲ȫİɣ
ɫ԰û˵аȻָҲвٻˣǴǽײģһ֣Ȼͱҧˡ
Ҳˣǧ΢㶣ղųʱ򷿼ﻹͦȫġ
ͷûãҲˡͻȻӹ˻磬Щֱӳǽ˳ʱ̽䱸ţȻҪΪ˵Ŀ
ǧ󣬲˿
λû²ȻҲܵġ


785 Ҫɱ

ǧ˿ûãһҵġ¡ڶ
ǧ΢͵ز˹ȥͼźȻڵĻһҡͷԣŴӷ߳ŵ˻˵ϢԺڱŷ̰Ĺ⡣
ζ϶ܺóԻ˺ѿһЦֱӳǧڵķ񱼶ȥǧ۾ٽԼħٻ
СϺ꣬СѿСǾޱȫ㳲ƺڿռˣЩˣ˼ѪһϹǰĻˡ
ȸ֮ȼգһ˲ͰǰĻ˴룬СϺⲻŵСǾޱСѿΪǿֱӽǰĻ˽ɱˡ
ĸСһļ룬սһ浹ƣǧûзɶ٣ٴλߣλϣ³漫Ϊң˳ڵĻ뿪ɣЩҩʦҲԸ뿪Ҳǡ
Щҩʦʵ̫ˣҲǰﵹæֻܳΪ˵Ŀ
аͰһæͷɣھȥкЩ뿪أ
λ۰ͰͶǧΣյɣ
˵ֻƼˮ꣬Сʵ̫ˣȥ
Щ˵עǧĿһ˵ţǳô˻ߣҾ̶Ϻ󣬲µġ
аͰһۣ㻹һߡ
ǧҡҡͷɣڣҲǰֵĻʱ˭Ҳ߲ǼѾˣǵߡ
䣬ǧŤͷˣˣǴȥǸңֵһܿͻǻϣͻϮΣǸϽߣȻ߲ˡ
˱£ɼǧᶨ뵽ⳡͻȻϮҧҧֻܴλ뿪
λϳû˵Щҵҩʦ
ҩʦҲ֪ûЩңΪ˱ֻܸ뿪ǰȴǵʲôܱﱻҧǿɣ
ܿҩʦȫɢȥΧҲðǳ
ǧܴ˿̵ְӶеķȣɱøӺ졣
ܿ죬ɱһѪ·
¥ĵĲ㣬˵ɴŽգ˿̾ͶͷָŻжأ
ǧŪŴǣ˸һƬ֮ɫ
߲Ҫµֵ뽫ɱȻԺ󻹻в֣ݵҲ
⣬ǧָҲһƬᶨ֮ɫ
̧ţ˵סȥ
Ÿһߵſڣǧһڴ
ĵһĹܣһǧϡ
ǧ˵ԺüͷɽϤ˺Ӳܴɰɣ
ͷһеĺӡ
ѾȡˣΪйһ֧
ѵӱкܶ࣬͵һеڶ
˵еĵӱһٻ
ǧеĵ˼ת˿̣һֱ¥µĻƺܵ˵ָѾͷԵس¥ˡ
˫ܵؿǧ
ǧ۾ʶЩ˿ǳԼģЩԴͷڴ˵ĵ
ģ
ǧŭһֱӻӶŷȣһ˲ɫĻ֮˲佫Щճ˽̿
顱ճɽ̿Ļ˴¥Ϲ£ǲϳ鴤ôҲˡ
ǧˣûзɣЩͷƤˡ
Щ˻ڲϽǧĻ˿ģǾ񲻻һǧȴѪ֮еҩͿռ侮ˮ޷֧ôã
ǧҧгݣΪ֮ƾ͸Ƚɱˡ
ûٹ¥µĻˣֱŽ뷿С
ĵڼȫûǧ
ǹĵǧ˫ԴȥֻһӰ棬Ǵ洫ġ
ԭ˲棡
ǧϽӽţߵͷʱǵȻֹһЦ𣬡Ҿ֪
ǧšüͷ
˵࣬ӦǸŮǧ󺧣ͷҲһĨõԤܣﲻ˵Ϊλһ֣
ѵˣһǺڰˣ
ô˾˭أ
ǧŴ꣬вһĨɫ鷢չҲ̫ˣΪŪ﷢һУ͵˺ǾȨȴû뵽˻аף͵ĺҲ֪ǲƷ


786 ĵ

֪ڰʲôͷٴЦ࣬ȣôڰ𣿰ûЩ֪ﻹһ˴ڣգ͵һ֧ٵĺӣ
ǧָⲻɽһ
ٵģ
Ǽٵģ
ǧеĵӣһ˲ֻЩ˼顣
ӵļƻһֱܵģ˵û֪ǻļƻǣ˸ˣ֮ǧȻ뵽ˣ־ЩԾ
һֱΪʦ𣬸Ϻȵ飬Կ϶бֳĺǲװģĺˣ뱨
ǧšüֽĿͶϡ
ҡҷˣ֪Ϊǧм죬ʲôطһһʱ벻
ǧָ⣬ת
û˸ܵĻô˺˽˽ȥʲôԲŻ׼һ֧ٵĺϹ
ĻһˣȻǸ֪뷨Ķϳˣֻе˻˽Լ
ǧܿ뵽ƿǧѩˣƽϲԼ鷳Ҳμⳡᣬ˵һ˺ڰҲпܵġ
ôһأ
ǼΪ֮߰ˣڰ
ǧΪβ˵ͷٴνЦ룬Ϊλ֪͵ӣ
ǧü¡
ͷĲգЦøӲˣʲôòµģ֪϶ɻ󣬺ܰգƻڻǸˣǲԼأ
ǧΪԼܲɴ˿쳣ƽͷ·ΣոһȷȷʵʵΣգǲСΣգ
΢䴽ǣԿ϶˺Լ죬򲻻죬̵ִԼ˵ҲԿ϶ԼһһˣȻǲ֪˵ġ
ûлˣǲᱳѵġǧЦЦǳ
ͷ˽豭ڵأûԼҪģŤˣ㵹Ǵû˵ȷûб㣬ҲҪκʾֻҪ΢һ֪жΪԼܴΪܹ
ǧû˵
ͷڿߣˣ㲻ǸѣԣŪһٺϹû뵽㻹Ϲˣ޴
ǧۡ
˵ĵŨȴ²ƿ滹ǧѩ
ʱ˶໹Ѱͷ˿һٴεЦΪ׼ʢΣЩ˺ϲĿζ䲻죿
ǧǰ磬û˵
˻ͦģͻȻ֪˾˭
㣬˭ǧ磬·ں˶
ͷ˺ǺǴЦûеɺ̽Ǻڰ֮ˣҲҪ֮ˣôʲô𣿡
ǧ֪˵滰ǲ˼֣ΪһԴУ׸
ͷһЦӲġ
ǧ΢䴽ǣĿԴ
䣬ǧЩ죬ֹ˻ܰЩ
ǧʶһܾﲻֹһˣܻ˭˭˭Ǳĳֻûзѡ
ûãǧһڷէֶǵâǧ󱳴Ȼ󻺻ӽ
͵Ϯ
ǧоһֱӶǵĹ֮ŤͷܿͶ˵۾
ֲһֱûˣԭǶһԣ͵Ϯˣ¥Ǵ͵Ϯ𣿡
е룬ͻȻЩû뵽㾹Ȼ㾯裬һʼС㣬ҺôѿĹƣȻӾҪˡ
ˣ
ǧٳǱ߿һۣҲ˵˱˵ְλߣںڰҲһĵλ
ƿǧѩˣ˭ôأ
ûõĶ˼Ҷˣ㾹һ鶼첻ɡǧѩ߳һϮ£ͷҲһɫĶң˴˿ĳ࣬һ񶼿
ˣǧǷִ˵μãҺ졣
ֲҪԼãǲְǧ϶ˣһʱˡ
ɾ˭д̽
ˣСҲһʱʧ֣ŮѾյ˴ܲˡŵüЩ̵ؿǧ
·Ҫǰǧˡ
ǧ˵Ŀ⣬һݣǴΧˣ


787 ûõĶ

ЦǺǵؿҪСʲôСľͻʲôҪͱ
ǧѩӽɫ۴˼ȵУѽҾһò
ǧ첽ſڣǣ̫ˡ
ǧѩ˽һ㶣ȫû뵽ٶȾ죬һ磬˿ж켣
ٶôô죿Ŵɵˡ
ǧѩһţŭȵ־Լ磡ȥǧҴס˵˵Щʲô
˱һǰĺˮ̳ǧ˹ȥ
ǧ棬ֱӳͶȥ
ϹŻҪ㿪ȴôҲ㲻һգ֮ͱһš
̣⵽ʲô棬ΪʲôộɫģԼظһС磬ǻȴôҲ˲
ǧѩŻ棬һ¡
ǵһμɫĻ棬ɫģ죬ɿ֮־رÿͷ죬ɾֳγ
ǸǺʱӵôƯĻģ
ǧѩҧгݣͷǼʷǳƾʲôܵõõĶھħ涼ɫģǴİ
ˣȾСİɣСľͿ챻ˡֻ÷·һ޴Ļ¯Уտţܿͻᱻһ
ǧѩһûã
һ˦֣˲佫ЩϨˡ
õǷϵħԭñϵħģ±¶ԼݣֻôϵħϵħڰԺõģԭΪͨ˱ħʦǸ˵ȴʵʵڵġ
Ǳϵħʦ˿ȴǱ˫ϵħʦ
ϵͷϵ˫ϵ
ǧѩģ˫ٴţǷ˫ϵΣҲΪ˫ϵǺڰоٴγɹĻΪϵħʦ
Ȼħֵģܱʲôûкá
ǧѩĿһ˿Ҽ˺ڰᣬȻֻһССıϵħʦһԶ޷ǧɱħʦ
ˣͿЩȥɱǧѩһš
ЩȴҲΣٴϣģ
ǧٴϵħƯǳ
Щ£ٶȲ֡
ǧһеĻ˲仯ǧСһ˲֮ˢˢ˹ȥ
˵ɫģ¶ȲͣͨĻ滹Ҫȼ֣֮˲ڻ˼ˣֱӱˡ
ûõĶǧѩˣٴλӶӣһ˲ǿķһҪЩ
ǧָһ
ת˲֮䣬һɫĵ
ž
£ǧѩһ㶣æǽϵħɶԵֵ
ֻá顱һֱǸ÷ƳɵĶϣǿǸ˲ͱһѷ졣
ǧѩסû뵽ϵħٽϵħߣһ飬ǱˣȻֻһ㣬ȫһĨԸҲһʱжٻ
ǧѩҧҧȫû뵽
ǰЩӸˣô쵽ģ
ѲɣڻþѰеõʲôԵ
һ뵽ڻþзһУǧѩҧгݣһӾͰѹƵǧϣĺģҲʲôò
һҪ
ѪѪʲôֻҪͳˣʱٽЩƵϣӦܹ˵ġ
뵽˴ǧѩЦùǳ
ֻüһܾûʲôõ鷢
ǧˣһʱֻɻǳ˵ƿǧѩһĻħԲϰ
ƿǻϵǧѩǱϵǰŮǷϵˣӦûϵħʦɣһǸŮ˲ڰܰ˸ħûħͨ˶ܳΪħʦôѾӵħģܱ˫ϵħʦ
ЩϵħӦòʵħǽʵħƳžܲ³˵ˡ
˱еҪ࣬һֱûб¶Ҳ뱩¶
ģ̌ţһǧѩȥ
ǧѩ˹һֱ˵˼֮⣬˲ңңҲһ˵Ĺ졣
ҵϵħ˵񾭣û뵽㾹ȻôܶˣġǧЩϷŰؿǧѩ


788 Ұ

ǧѩᣬָһԵˣ㽫ŮɱˣɱҾͻ᳤ͬ˵겻񣬽᳤ϳȥ
һȫһ¡
ûǮûƵģֱ˺ڰôһ¥סţлĽң뿪˺ڰᣬһС
УԲ뿪ڰᣡ
еһִкǧвѪǳСɱ㣬Сľͱ뽫ɱ
ǧǳЦֻҪܽɱ
һЦٴγǧȥ
ǧӶŷԵֵ
˹ңǧǰȴҲûеõô
Щģһ뵽ᱻϳڰᣬͷһһһʽһЩдɱ⣬ޱȡ
ǧѩţּǧǸöԸĽɫŪָ⣬ִỽ
һ˲ͳĵк¥ʳĻ۾৵һûǾֵҰһֱӳ¥񱼶ȥ
ǵõָʾǵȥɱһˣȻǸ˺Ѳ븹
򴽽ǣܿͰڳһꤵģǵǿǧʱ̰֮ޱȡ
ζԻǷҺǧһһǽǧܡ
ǧѩˣһ䣬ִźӴͣ
ǱֵøΪ˷Ǻֱӳǧ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ҲսǧҪԸˣҪԸˣֱǻ
˼Ǽ˽˼֣л˵İͲ¾Ů˻лQ
ۣǧĿڿһʬ壬Ȱ㻹Ͷɣɱܱȱ˻˺ǿɣ
ǧǳЦȴȾ˼ڽ
˿е˫ŮˣҾ㳢˺ѵʹࡣ
ǧһٽ¥µĸСһٻ˹
ĸСһ¥ɱúܻ죬һ¥ԽɱԽ£˫ɺһƬԵɱ
˼ֻԼޣ˶µˡ
СϺɣ
Ǹ߱춹һǱǾޱ
ֻһۻңħ޺ֲﶼŮշˣ
Ů˵ʲôͷҪҪô
Ťͷֿ嶼ӲˣŴ꣬͸Ųţǻữεħޣ
ڵõ֪Ժ͵ؿǧڳ𾪣һḬ֮̃ɫܽŮɱЩħӦþͳΪ֮ˣʱԼٽԼ޿ƥУ
򴽽ǣе̰ȫβסҪõЩħޣҪõ
ǧ֪Щʲôüɽһ
ҴԼ޵⣬ûţ
ǧĸСһ˵ĸСһһµĹƸΪ˼֣Ƿɱɱҡ
һ˲ڽڰˣɫòҰޱȡ
Ůô˵ǽǣ·ˡ
ܿ죬ǧĸСһȥԸǧѩһ˲ǧѩֻ˱򵹡
ǧǳһЦһȥղŲǺôôˣףôڷںʲô𣿡
ϵĴƬƤѾգ۵ѳݣûˣǽϲϴŴомĵζ
ҰɣֻҪңǽŴ򿪽ǷųȥһתͻȻǧ̸У¥ڵĺöģֻҪ㽫ҷ˾ͳɡ
һģǧֻһЦ㲻
æͷˣĸҰɣҷҲ캦ˣұ֤
ǧЦҡҡͷı֤ûãֻǺڰһСආѣ㲻бСආɱҲϧ
һǲһֱȥڽԿ׽㣬ңɺã
ǧĿͶ䵽ϣּһƶģЦһ˵Կף
˼ѾϹǲ΢΢һҲһĨ죬ѽֻҪ㽫ҷˣҾͰԿ׸ǣǾܳȥˡ
ǧ֮˵㲻˵ûԿףΨеʱһǲܳȥ˿̣㾹Ȼ˵Կףƭǵİɣ
һ㶣ٿתתûƭǣԿףû˵»˹أֻ뱣ʲôѾںˡ


789 ȥɣ

ǧ֪˵ǲģֻ֪Ѱ뿪·ߣͲҪνԿס
㵱ҪԿ׸ңǧǳǳЦţи⡣
æͷȻ
˭㽫Կ׸ģԶǧѩŭ
ĸСһ﹥ţ
ģԼΪûһֻţǵĹȴûɱ⣬ˣת
ǧѩһգȴɲи
˳ǧѩһۣĸСһһ𣬲ЦһڶˣΪһ𣿡
ǧѩòѪ
ŤͷüΪĵĿ⿴ǧһ֣Կȡ˳̿ˮݸǧȴ뵽ʲôһæǽָ˻
ȴӦңҽԿ׽ͲΪҡ۰ͰͶǧҲһĨơ
ǧǺЦȴޱȡ
˱ͷƤ飬һʱҲвͣŹġ
ΪҪԿ𣿡ǧ촽һЦؿ
ɻ󣬡ʲô
ǧֵڴǣЦ䣬ǼﲻǲһҼǵǸͨͷİɣ
˴΢ţһȵؿǧƺں֪ġ
֪֪ˣȻǸŪ˸ٺӣҲǵĳѨۺҲǴƽ˰ɡǧֿһЦһĨΪЦݣӳڹ֮ԵΪ
ʲô
Ȼ֪Ǽң
Ҳ֪еĻһ˲˲ǧƺѰе©ȴôҲѰҲ֪ǼҵŮ˵ʲôʱ֪ģΪβܸ·
˵ؿ˫֮Ҳһɺɫ
ۣ͵سǧ񱼶ȥˣȥɡ
ʱǧûжȴһСӰ˳δǧӦһâǰ
ţûƤ
͡һѪɢͬ÷һοڵϲš
ǧʶ˵ؿڴһų˾ȻˣקгдһĨȻ֮ɫ
Ͻ룬Ѫʱ䴽˵㣬ʦΪ㱨ˣھȪ֮Ҳܰ˰ɣ
˷Ц
˿ѪݣˣĿ⺬ޡ
ˣôˣҲλϳȥ𣿡ǧˣüͷǷʲôˣ
˻ڱϲõУǧʣ̻˵Ѿ˳͵ˣȥҵ·Ҳ˲ٻˣкЩѣ˳ִҵָλϵûʲô¡
֪ǧλϹϵҪãӽһ顣
ǧ󣬲˿˾ͺá
˲ѾһϢˣѪ
ǧüۣһ˲ֻñеĺ򴽣üͷأԳȥΪλҪ
Ҫ𡣡üۼᶨ·𲻹ʲô޷ľôõĻǰôܷΪʦ˳ھ֮¶ҲܰĿˡ
ǧ󣬲ۣɤ˼֣ʦ˵Ȼܰĵˡ
˿һۣʲôû˵
ǧͼ˫գһ˵ϣλѪѾ͸ˡ
Ѿ͸ˡǧջĿ⣬΢ϲԸԳ˳𡣡
˽еĺȥ֮ϲ¹ЦݣǰѾ͸ˣһҵĽ£
䣬Ȼγ
һѪٴɢһ˲ͺһ
ŵѪȳζδЦòޱȣջؽָռУŤͷǧݵҲǻ˰ɣ
ǧŤͷǧѩ꣬Ǹﻹδء
ʶתͷǧѩֻ°ĺʵװȫԭӣԵ쳣
˭΢
˻ҪһЩǧüкէֻ֣ҪɱˣݵҲ˰ɡ
˽ģһĨѪ֣ɱˣҲҩʦ˵جΣֱǼõġ
ǧǰҩʦˡ
ƿ棬ǧѩֻҪ˺ڰħ
ħͲӦô


790 

ǧзȣҪϣȴһԵѪɫʣͷ·ʲôֲһ
ôˣǧʶ˲Ծ
˫쾡һ仰Ҳ˵
ûã߾һĨѪȻԽԽ࣬ԽԽͬٲһӿš
˲ؿڴЩЩ䣬׹뵽һԨУָоȴľսԼؿڴȥ
ǧ˳Ŀ⣬Ҳȥ˹ȥ
һƣӽһ£ָҲŽ
ֻ˵Ŵһ޴ѪǸλԭװģɴ˿ͷȴһǿͷ·ƾʧһ
أ
˴󾪡
ǧҲòȥ
顱
˿̣һ
ʶͷͼһѪ࣬ǿԾţǿ˫죬ǿ಻š
ֱӸǿģ
㡱ָˣȴ˵һĻ˿̣ܲԼһһš
໹ǧ򴽣Ŀ
Ǹ˾ȻǼģǲ֪֪Ҳˣֱ
˽ǿ࣬·һͻὫˣǺǣΪһὫԹԸҴ˿ҲҪˣ֮ǰܵҪһ汳ģҽ໹ǣûţ
ԭ̰ˣʱӲ˼֣е࣬ǿڲԾ¥ϲ
ǧǿֹ࣬ͣԾĻ˹ҲˣܽټЩҩӦܱס
ҴӦ㣬ֻҪ㽫໹Ҿͷһ·ɣǧ̸Уȴڰ͵͵Сѿȡϵ
Сѿӽˣ׼һ˲
˿̵ȴǧĻЦţ͸һĨİ֮ɫʱаǳ
ٺ٣ҲὫǵġ䣬˵ָȻս
˼ˣһ
ǡһ
ǿԾֱӱ󱬣һ˲Ѫһ֡
˴һţоʲôڳ룬Ҳ˲֣ƺҪǿѵУȴʲôҲ
ȻһЦ۾һգȻء
ǧšüͷҲ˵Ѿûˣٿһ˵˾Ͳ
ˣǧתͷˣһһǳ
˽ֵڴ䣬ЦЩŹ֣ΪʲôҪģУξΣղҲ˰ɣǿһһ顱һ¾Ͱըˣ
˵ЦЩȫںԼ
ǧĿֻ֣áǲһ
͹ͷһᣬƺǶˡ
ǧջأĿеȴȥ˵üֺۣĿͶϣһҲǸ⡣
ûܾʵڶԲǧֳ˿һۣ֮ųһѾΪ㱨˳ھȪ֮ӦܹϢ˰ɡ
ǧûͶһӡ
»һ鷳ûǸĵʱ
ǧԭӦǧѩȻˣ˫һƬȻ
ʲôʱ򲻼ģ
ΪԼһоҲûУ
ǧߵĸСһǰصʵղžʲôΪ˲ˣ
СѿǻȴЩãȻǸ֪ʲô˾ͻȻˣְŲ΢ɫĳƮҡر죬Ӧʲôߣүֻһڶŵɣת˲֮Ͳˡ
䣬ɫЩãȸƤӵߣ˵ӲСǱץסҪ˺ÿ
ǧ˵ͻȻ뵽һ
˺ȻʧģӦǺڰҩӦǺڰҩǧҧҧɬЩǾͺˣ˵׻̫ˣȻЩҩĴڡ
ǧʹȫҲ˻ް֮ɫ
ʱѾˣҲˣû˵Щ˾û֧һ˻Ѱʳȴûǰı
ǧһͻȻƼһӡ
۾һУֱϣ񳤵ѿκӱϾǺ˵Ķ㿳˸Ҳϧ
ǧŵϵĵӣвδ¶κϧ֮ɫ෴˿


791 ߳ˡ

ӱϣҲһ˵ĶºڰĵӲֹһڰľݵô࣬͹ܹܲһһǧ΢΢̾˿պܽڰȻ岻ݴǣ
ЩΣЩˣЦ
ǧͷмᶨеǳÿޱȣһ
һ䣬ǵõĳָʾɳȸҲΧĻȼմ
ֻСһܵ˹裬һ˲佫ǰĻ˽ɱ
ǧֱϡ
ֻһҽڶ𣬻ۿüٶȱ𣬿һȥĻˣǧвûκ뷨Ψնɱ
һ˾ʣϰˣû˵֧Ǿûϻһײɣȴǽ˲١
ǧüһΪսپͻȻó˸߽׻ϵħ
һ˲ɫĻ鲼Χӿȴֺÿ쳣ǧվڻм䣬ɫĻ˲佫˫ñޣǾϵŮ
ǧһ˦ϵ棬ͬʨһ㳯ǿ񱼶ȥ
һǵضת˲֮ͽΧУ˳ӣȻųѤĻ䡣
Ǹܵȵȶȣֱͷ˻


Ĳҽǧ߻صˣǧҲûŹǡ
˿̣ȣԡڻкܿͱճɻҽʱ沢ûֹͣתһ򣬳Χǽȥ
ǧѾħ泷ߣȴôҲЩǽڵĻ棬ûãΧ
վУǻϵħʦҲȷǳʱضᱻһֹˣЩյǽ澹Щڻ˵ĸо
顱
ǽϵƬڻڵء
ǧΧһͷƤЩ飬Ȼãŵ¥һǱȱͻڻˮǰ¥Ҳˣģ¥ЩŤˣʱضһ
ã¥ˡǧҧҵķȥ
ǱĶҵֻ²ҲȥУܽռ䣬ʱֻԭء
¥ݵĻԭе·Ҳᱻڣʱǲʶ·ĻҪЦ
ǧֻСһٻռ䣬ԼԷһٶȿٱܣһҲͣЪܿС
һ·񱼶ǧ˲ʬ壬Ҳżʬ壬ڵϣȫ¶ûһ⣬Ȼڻ֮֡
ǧûĹ۲Щʬ壬ƿԣֽƿŤߡ
¡һһͨ˲ӳǧС
ǧҵ飬ֱȹͨС
ǰŸսͨ¥͸ˣղŴҲ񶹸һأЩڵϵʬֱӱʯãҲ屾ò
ǧ͸ͨķ϶ԼԼͷ龰
򴽣һꡣ
ĶȽϿ죬ȻܻЩʬһϡá
ǧһ̧ͨȥʱͻȻӿռվͷСѾͷϹŻ΢һЩԼʶԼʶһĵطŲȼգҪ𡣡
ǧ²һ٣ֲǰΪԼ죬ȴû뵽ϹŻֻЩԼʶܽݵҲǼõġ
ǰȷǲġúٺһЦǧͷĺܡ
ǧţͨͦģҲûʲôΣգȻһȫͨûãͻȻһǰ͸
ۣ˲ϲ֡
ǿԳȥǧȹڣӿ˽Ų
ûãǧоһĨůСͨɢٴμӿŲ͸ŹӰܿ˳ȥ
һȥǧ˾ԡ£һ˲ůɢҲ۾
ʲôˣ
ͻȻһպյǧ
ǧŤͷĿ˶ˣ۾ܾЩϤʲôطͼһ
ˣǲμӽҩʦû뵽ǻûԶ
ҩʦǧͷƤ飬ſˮΪǧЩˣŵιȥ㵽ʲôˣͻȻʲôͼ
ǧֻһЦ
ôˣʱаͰЯ
ҩʦ񿴵Ĺһæǳ˿˹ȥСͨͻȻһŮӣǺͻһġ


792 춯

ͻȻֵŮˣ
аͰһۣȻǧȥֻһ˾䴽Цˡ
аҩʦļ򣬵Цʲôһģ˵˵ǧǾˮĴӢۣǻһء
ҩʦ΢ţһʱ侹˵ˡ
Ӣۣ
ɣһССŮӶаٹҩʦתͷǧʵǧǳˣǰס˵ĽŲʵڵģ˿𣿡
ҲǧҲʢһĨɫ
ǧֻͷһůﴽǣлλϹһҲûУǰĻҲסˣټ¥ѾڰľݵҲ˰ɡ
аͰһꡣ
ƾһ֮ȻܽһӴݵʵǧ֪Щʲôһ΢촽ǳҲãײʲôأ¥ˣտʼҲǺ㱻שҵ
λһǧãҲͰˡ
λţȴǲˣͷһ£ĨõԤΪûǲǸˣ
˵ˣǧָҲ£˼֣齥࣬ûˣǱɱģҵһЩͲ
Ҳ𣬻аǧļ򣬹һ̾Ϣһ˵˵ʦ֣֮ۻȥΪʦԣñ𣿡
ǧˣѾˡ
а˿Ǿͺá
ǧ򴽣ЩأŤͷͻȻƿǧѩһԵϣ˵鶼ЩƣǱ۾ƺϢ
ǧĿ޼ɵ뽫˿
аЩɻ󣬡ǧڿЩʲô
Ҳգգ۾кβԣ
ڿǡǧĿջأֿѹҲڵʱûʲô춯˵;û뿪
˫΢䣬产Ȼ
λϱĿһǺҲʶŮ˿Щ⣬ʵ벻˵û뿪Ҳ벻ʲô춯
һ·ʵھգڶܻˣնɱˣֱСͨһ̣ΧǺģ˭˼עˣ
λŬ룬ɵͬʱҡҡͷԲ벻һ·϶ͦˣֱСͨǲдϢĻᣬҳҲڣӦû뿪ɡ
ǧü
û뿪
λҲֻ˵ӦãûȫȷҲֻڳСͨԺע⵽˵ģȥСͨĹУֻˣ˴յȥǸˡ
Ȼúڰҩۻصطֱ֪
ǧܲµеһЩϸڣȴʵڸ㲻֮е˭ǸˣϾ˶ɵģʵѲµĺܡ
Ϊѣа̲סʵô⣿
ǧ󣬽ǻҡҡͷûһ¶ѣû;뿪ĻҲͰˡ
λ϶һۣȴʲôҲû˵
ǧǰʱϢҩʦˢˢƴһĨݣ˿Щϰߡ
ǧӵЩ˵Ŀ⣬Թһ£Ӧֻʣҩʦʱнʮֻʣô㣬һµѡ
λϣ֪ʲôط𣿡ǧŤͷѯʡ
ǰĵطһ⣬ɽˮģ֪ͨη
˳Ͽǰĳ΢Ƭ̲˵һǳڵһ⣬ֻҪǰ߼Ǿܻصˡ
صУҲܻصѧԺˡ
ǧ󲻽ͷԭһüͷҲչ˿Ϣһ£ٳ
λϼһƣı飬˵ͷ
ǧΧ̽ûǿƿǧѩ۰ͰԼ
ǧӣҲʡ
˵¥Ϊǵֵƿ°̧ߣ΢΢һû뵽㾹Щôôû¥𣿡
ǧѩƾĻЩأקק䣬䵱ˡ
ǧЦؿˣĿȴѣɿһδϷʲôȻĺۼһ̹ģ
λ潻ˣǧֻ»ᱻϵ̹Ūȥ
˵֪ݣǧеǲδ飬Ҫ˸


793 һ

лСǧЦЦһתһаãҲûκ˵ĵطСǷоʧأ
ƿɫһףǧĿҲһ⡣
ǧָ΢䣬һ˲ֻ泩СϢˣЩվϾҪ·ˣ˵һֱڽ⣿
ƿ˫࣬ؿҲûõҲվ
ǧתͷǧѩڵϣ˵ʣЩֵĺܡ
ʥŮ㲻𣿡ǧĿ⺬ЦƬֶ֮һĨ
ˡǧѩȹվͷʹʱһĨĹ⻮
ǧδеı飬ֻǾ⵭ƽıֲȴҲ֤ʲô򴽣֮Žеɻ
ϢƬ̣ˡ
·ϣ£ղ¥зһԾĿֻһ޷ͻˣǸѳΪ¥µǶѺǡ
겻ѣ˫ȵڻЩҲ֪˶ãڻص˷С
з֣˳ӿϽЦ·֪¥Уʲô
Ÿһ̤Уҩʦ׷ת뿪
طٲҪˣҪԼĴ½ȥ
ҲҪش½ȥʲôҲҲμˣʵʵҩȽʵڡ
ҩʦǾ뿪ֻܿʣλϣǧˡ
ǧѩƿ棬˾վһԣϵİȴԺӡ
ǧ˿һֽۣĿͶλϣʵλϲȸ½𣿡
ҡҡͷ
аҲǰڰ֣ҼҲطҲżȥȥ
ǧ˵Ӧ
λ룬һ䣬أ׼ȥ
ǽѧԺѧȻҪصѧԺȥˡǧЦЦ΢ȴ롣
ȻѧԺѧǺη
λ֮̾⣬⴫һһ㶣ŽĿͶ˹ȥ
ֻͻȻһˣΪ׵ģ㣬һϮǳɫۣ˫Ҳżİ
˽°̧ߣİľٶ죬ǳҲŲСˡ
С˽ħʦ֮ģŲǸƲģܵġ
ǧЩضǲˣƼЩ˵ؿڶһơ֣Ӧĳˡ
ܿǲѾ߽
ǧһ˵Ŀ⽻һ
һ̾Ŀ˻ȥ·ǿʲôһ֮
ǧüֻЩЦ˵Խлͦǿʲô˶ʲôˣλЩ棬ĿһֱЩһʱֻЩŵЩϤ
ƿ濴Щϵ˫һҲ
ЩƼҵˣΪ׵ǸˣӦþƼҵ˵츳ȴԾɲƼҵճŮĭ
˵ĭǸǸ֮Ůò츳ҲǾˣ궨Ϊ½ļƷҩʦ
ƿţͷҲЩҲ֮Ůĭ֮
ҧҧۼǲҪߣȹڸȥ
һͼһŮӿŮСˣüͷ
˭ΪҪңüƿҲ
ƿûеЦһ䣬ǣƼҵ𣿡
һ֮ҲζŮ˵еʶǵȷƼҵˣأʲôˣ
ǵ˵˲䴫ǧС
ǧһҲһĨ΢⻮ЩȻƼҵˡ
ǲ½ôͻȻˣ
Ѳɣʲô¶
ǧָ⣬
ʱƿĬһЦſڵƼ֧ĵճŮƿ棬ҵΪˣʲô֧˵𣿡
ŸƿһۣƼϵĵճŮ
ǰƿæͷ֮˿Ϊϴ赤֮£ϴһ䷽ǧѩġ
ƿŪŴǣһ˫ڸǷ
ϵĵճŮˣҲ̫ͨ˰ɡеɫҵѾ߶
ƿ潫еҧɰڶԷֲ˵ЩʲôֻܽУһ˲˫ҲǺ˼֡


794 ¥ô͵ˣ

Ǻ˫գһҪȱү£ȥƼϵǿɵúдš
ƿҪѪ˵Ƥʵ
ǧҪȥʲô£ͷĺֶ˼֡
ʲôأ
ƹӣ˴ʲôƿŴ̲꣬סһ䡣
ƿ濴һۣЦʲôʲôʲô¶
ƿʱܹ裬һҲ״̬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ֻ߰ȸһֱԽƿ棬¥ڵķȥЩС˺ڵƹĪţݱţǷ˵Ķ϶ƭ˵ġ
üϣ˰ɡ
䣬һ˵ӰʧС
ǧǵĶԻԺͷȻһ˵ʲôѲ¥ǱߵĽᣬƼҺͽʲôϵأ
ǧָ⣬ͻȻȥơ
аͰȻҲǵĶԻһʱ侹Ҳмֺ棬룬ǾƼҵˣ˵ʲôᣬѲǼ¥Ƽйأ
˶һۣҲرȥ̽һ
ǧƺǵͼͻȻȻǶȽϺ棬ҪȥƣҲʲôأ
λ͵صͷ
˸̤һֿһ˹ˡ
ǧֶ½ŲתͷʱͼҲһЩ
ǧˣһ㶣Ӧȸ½Ľôйڵˣ
аҲ̧˹ȥʵڴ˴ʲôһ´Ҵҵģѵд·
ԼүүˣЩ㵣ܿͻָ˳ɫڷһЩ飬ҵùȥһ£ĳ¥˰ɡ
ǧλ϶һۣ̾뵽¥ˡ
ǿԵĻͬСǧĿҲϣǸղžǴ¥ģṩҪϢ
ʱע⵽ǧʦ˳ɣɡ
ģ̌ŸĽŲ
λԭվһûҲ̧Ÿȥ
ܿ죬һϯ˾¥ڵĵطԭµ¥˿ѾΪһƬ棬שڵϣźò
ǧҲЩ𾪣֪¥Ѿˣȴ뾹ٻأƲԭˡ
аͰҲЩɵۣһͬȥμӽ¥ôٵˣ
ҲáǧƬ̺ŵҲͲⶾˡ
ôƼҵ¥ô͵ˡʱһΧ
Ȼ߽˼Ƭ͸ӳС
ֻԴһѣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧͻȻĿͶϣղ˵¥Ƽҵģ
һֱΪ¥˵ģֻƼҷĹܼң¥˱ƼңôƼҾ֪֪Ǻڰģ֪֪¥ǽûɵģ
ǧĿһ㶣תͷ
ֻɰڳһı飬ƺ¥ĵ֪飬죬Ƽҵ¥Ϊλģ֪˭ŪģƼҶŹģ
ҧгݣ޲ý˾ɱ
ǧı飬Щֵüһŭı飬֪˵Ĵڣ˿̶ȻᾪޱȰɣϾЩǱ֣ƼҲѲ˸ϵ
㵭ΪݼߣĲ֪飿
ǧ˼תȴʼ벻һȻ򴽣
֪ڿԼ˼вΧ˹ɫ΢䣬ҲһĨ꣬˭Ϊλ˴ѲЦ𣿡
ĸҲ̫ˣĺ˲û˺øС
ḧ䳤ȸ½ܳˣ˳˽һ¥󵽵׷ʲô
´ִȫɱѪһ֮ˣֻһ۱˲ݵĲͬ
˽⵽ʲô΢򴽰꣬ǱϵסˣϵİҲ˳Щ
ûЩҪ㡣ޱ顣
ûڣʲô
ǰķ濴һۣһʵ˵¥Ƽҵģ
ͷ㻪µ¥ҲֻƼҲӵУ֮ûʱ͹ӶһܼҹţǽῪʼӣ¥Ȼˣš


795 ôǺڰľݵ㣿

Ҳ˵飬ɵ˵ͷ¥ͻȻƹ֪ģ
ǼҸõϢбӹġ˵Ȼδ˴ʲôס
ȴüͷϢҲ̫ͨ˰ɣ
ǧǵ̸ҲɽĿͶϣȷ¥ŸոյãֻȴͻȻҶ˵ûκè壬ǲŵġ
ǧ˿뵽
¥ˣҲʱʱ䣬㼰ʱôҲ˵ȥ˵ƼҹӶġ
ƼҼҴҵȻܽǵû˵Ĳףûǽֻˣ
˵ƼҸҲںڰΪ飿
˵ĻƼҵϵĻɸɾ
ǧüͷһһԴ֮ͻȻøղ¥еλˣƿ棡
Ƕաơܶ
뷨ȻǧЩԾģĿˮǧѩƿ涼ҪúöŲǡ
Ͼ˶̫ˣ
ƼҵϢͨޱ飬ȴмֳŪ
½ԶǵһʱܵõϢҲ֪ʲô
ƿڵĳŪֱͦȻƼǴң¥ǲ֪ôڴ½ϻ죿
תǧʵʦˣղ˵Ǵ¥гģܸңͷ׷ʲô𣿡
аͰһۣ֪δʦȢǧС㣬ʦˡЩ𺳵ġ
ǱΪֻһ򵥵Ľᣬ˭֪¥ھȻ֡ǧšüҲΪգΪȥμӽҩʦһʱŪĻ̡̻
۾⻰ʲô⣿
¥һֱͦȫģôŮ˿Уͱ֮أ
һһʱǧҲûκκøУŮ˱˵˵Ƽҵ¥װף˵գ
ǧ۶ûи˵Ϊ˵ǵǾͿʼ飬ܿͷ¥ܡ
ǧ˵ӣǵǺǳ
ɫȣ̵ס
ȴ̲סˣü۵ؿǧ֮Ǽ֮ɫ˵㾿ʲôܣ
ǧ˹ϵԺ󣬲ǿ˵Ƿ֣¥ǽȫǻˣλ¥ܼҾǺڰˣһжϵԺǷ⴦¥Ǻڰĳݵ㣬ʵǳԤϡ
һһ㶡
¥ȻǺڰľݵ㣿
ôľȻǧŭŮ˱˵˵Ƽҵ¥װףʲôڰľݵ㣿
ǧ̯̯֣Щ޹ƼǴ壬ĸֻǾ¶ѣҲμӽĲֹһλϣҲ֪ġ
λϣĿ֮Դżֲţ˵ãģ
üǧǵԿλҲ˲м
ȻġλĿһһ䣬ȸ½ҩʦаͰ磬ǵǲм˵ѵġ
Ϊма磿û˵˭֪ǲŮ˵ĺô
λɫ䣬ȴǶϲ
ǱΪƼ֮˻ȣȴȻоСûʲôڱоСҪ֡
ƹӣעĴǡԼүүң˲ͳסˣҵүүҩʦĳϣλ糤Ҳߵģλȸ½ʦεӣǶȻ˵ѡ
΢㶡
Ҳ˵ʦε䣬һʾ޵ˣ½Ҳഫ¼ǸǽһĴڡ
Ů˾ȻǴ˵дʦӣ
ҧȴǱ鵭òš
ݼߣҲ˵Ƽҵ¥ʲôݵ㡱ЩڱСǲţҲڵƼãݲ
ǧŤͷƿǧѩҲˡ
䴽ЦǲţλǵʱҲڽУһλƼϵĵճŮûҵİɣ
棿Ŀ䵽ƿϡ
һ㶣ܿҲŵͷͷȫǻˣҲòųģȻ;һˡ
ǧѩҲȫǻˣûҪƭ㡣


796 Ĳ²⡭

ĵغһ
ôƼװףʲôˣ
һ˰ɣ
˵Щʲôһ˾ǿ쿴Ƿмֻ֡
һ䣬æǳ濴ȥԼԼ濴˼ֻ֣ǼֻЩõĺۼŷˡ
ľԣعͷ͵ͷĶŪơ
һ䣬ߵļͿʼжûãǾͽʬ˳ʬףΧⶼЩõĺۼ
ˣҲԥ¥ʹʬȻֱ۶ˣһʱ֮ѪȷǳµǣǵѪȻǺɫļĭȻǺ񿴵ʬڶ
ʬڶ
һߺȣ˻淢ʬڶѾ۶ϣζվˣõֲϻУǿվǰǸǱޱȣҪ븹С
СȻ۾ɴ󣬡ͨܵôص˰ɣιʻˣ
ʱһСĿŹܱץסˣСһ㶣ٽ˵ֱۿϡ
ûоκʹУɲǰУֱֻѾϣҲֻԭ̤
˵ĳ棬֮ͷƤ
ЩʲôöġһԵӣµû찵ءƽһֱڼõĻУĳ棿
ټЩϵζʵţ챻Ѭˡ
ǧһģЦһƹӵǹªţЩǻˣǺڰƳģƹӾǲ֪
ҧȴӵһ䣺ƽﶼæҩʱȥ˽Щ֪ˡ
䣬һΨֱЩקס
ƹӳ壬û뵽㵨Сһгʱ̽Щ˿룬һ˲ȳζƮɢڿС
ʵܲסٴθŻ
ǧҲֳһĨŪ֮ɫƹӣӦ˵˰ɣ
Żһӣź࣬ǺģղЩǻ˰ɣҹƣ¥ڵȷʲôЩƼ޹أȻǹܼͱ۶ӡ
ǧ´ֻۣûκУŵǲ֪˵飬˵һŪˣȴǲš
ô飬ССܼһɵģжȻв֮˲УֻƼЩ˵ϻˡ
Ϊһӣڼп϶ûʲôȨԻ֮²ŻҲֻĲ²ѡ
ƼҵͺڰΪ飬ǿȤˡҲǣƼߣڰΪ飿ǧ촽˵仺ĿͶƿϣȴǱ鵭˿ʲôӰ죬ǧһ۾ŽĿ˻žǹܼŪģպƹӿɵСһЩò֮˻ˮˡ
һϡ
вСΧһдɾʲô֮㡣
ʿȥˣлľͿɱɾԲΣգ
ûãЩӲдŵĻ˾ͱնɱɾҲ˲ָƽǧ¥ڷһУɸе겻ѡ
Ƕ£Ҳǲеҡ
ܿ¥ڵһ䣬ǧŤͷͷɸƿˣȥƼϵͣǴүӣὫƼ¸ʵ˼Ľ
ǧһ㽫Ŀ˻λҪȥδ
аͰ翴ôһ־磬ЩȱȱҪһͬȥ˵סڿջУҲ׼һͬס¡
ˡǧһתЦҲɣλߣԵټ
λ϶У˵һһͬˡ
ǧ뿪ıӰ̧ŻصڵլСһսԺֻûƣټЩһֱھ״̬˶κģ״̬Ϊá
صլԺǧ׼˯һ
̫ɽǧŻ˹
۾ͷһĨϼӡȾʮƯ
££߳䣬ٻɫϼȾһҲ
ǧߣЩ㱣Ѿôˣλδ½Ҳ֪ˡ
ǰ˵Լģ²ƼҿڰϵôҲˣε淢ʲô¶뵽˴ǧͷһ˾ƶ׹һĻţۿɬѡ


797 кαȥң

ɣ
ǵȥ½һˣŵȣǾԲᰲĵġ
ǧæʰ׼һȥ½
Ƽϵƻͨ
ȥϵƼԺ洺⣬Ǻþƺòˣүһ㽫š
ܹЩУı߲Щϵ˷Уָıӣָһ㣬ҪԸɽ亣ζҪСŮ̷ڲ֪࣬𣿡
Թԣһ뵽ݣǸȴҲǵġ
һֻ˳⣬ȥ׼ˡ
ܿþƺò˶ò輧ҲⲢˡ
ԭϽĸۡ˿̵Ƿ³ƵģӯӯƵĸЩƣȴüΪ̹ûٺ߳䣬ĸһ
ƿܲסЩæǽͷԹףǷ³𣿡
Ȼ䣬ȴ
ƿס˶ŭУ·ʱܱŷһֱһŮһֱһֹ֮ȫḡƼӵܣӵܣʵᡣ
ЩɡæסͣƼҵˣǸӣҲǲģҪľֺܴӦȥƼңĳͷ֮վˡ
ƿ˫׵˼ǣ˵ȥƼң
ȻüȻ׻˼ֺʲôΪľȥƼңʱܵõҼһССӲɣ
ƿ
˼ȫŮȲϡƿ¶˿̿Ҳ˳
֪Ҳƿļ򣬵һȥ˵˵ĺûˣҪ󣬻Ӧ
ƿȻͷһ뵽Ժгͷ֮գϵЦֹסˡ
ƿƱߵǰǰһֱƼҵˣƹӲ֪ʲôƹӵ̬ⷬĪ
ûϲԽ˳ˣŮ͵𣬱ûϲʲôҪ󾡹ǣӶ⡣
ƿһ򴽽ǣΪѣ˾ˬ죬ȻǸɫĶ
ƹӣ˵ƼҺܺãܴȥ𣿡ƿ澡
Ʊ£΢΢ֱӣȥʲôûʲôÿģһЩҩǳյ˶ѡ
˵ʵǸطģûǸطıӻֻ͵˶硣
̾һҲЩ֡
ƿȻ֪뷨ƣЦƹ˵رȥңҩͣͲǰȥƣܹƿǾٺòˡ
ۿ㵱ȥң
ƿæͷǵģƹܴȥ𣿡
Цһ°ֹͣΪ
ƿҪȥȴס°ͣһʱŪʹǳƹӣʲôʹ
㲻ССϵŮԲ˵ȥҳƿ߳һȫǳŪ֮ɫǲ֪ߵغĽС㣬ȥȥģкαȥң
ҡƿʹ
ٴţ
ƿ汾ΪǸݰ뾹ֻϻһֻԸϻȥԼ°ͻᱻˡ
Ƴϴ赤ҩƿתתӣ˵ұչؼ죬ģȻȲƼҵϴ赤ҩϾʧĵҩҩ䷽Ҳ㲻˰ɣ
ЩԺ
ʲôҩ䷽ʲôҩ
˵ʲô
˵һ顣۾ʾ˵һЩ
ƿӣֵұչصʱƳϴ赤ҩȻȲҵϴ赤ҩΪϵĶŮӦǲ˰ɣ
һһ㶵ġ
ϴ赤ҩϴ赤ҩ
ʲôʲôҺʱƳϴ赤ҩˣ
ǿǴ˵еĵҩƳĵ
´ƿ棬еЩӣҺʱƳϴ赤ҩˣǴ;˵ģ
ƿ汻ͷƤ飬һʻͷҲһɻӿ˳ǰЩƼ֮һ˴˵еϴ赤ҩһȻˣһϴ赤ҩ䷽ǣһ¶һ֣㾫ʾ޾Ƽɡ


798 ִ½

ºɣ˺ʱطˣ
Ҳǣĳλ͵͵˵棿
˵ϴ赤ҩ䷽Ҳûֶп϶ʹˣѲĳλ˸ƿģ
ܽϴ赤ҩ䷽ȥĻĵλҪһڱôĭҪ
ŪŴǣ뵽պ䴽Ц
ƿ鼫ãЩëëģ򴽣Сʵƹӣʲô֮𣿡
ϴ赤ҩ䷽Ͼǵ̣ټԼС˲࣬ҪӲֻҲֲʲôôⰲԺٽ䷽ǡ
ȻƳϴ赤ҩҩ츳ȻҲǼõġһھˮֵȻȥңҵȷԴȥð䷽ȥʱҲҩ츳Ρ
ƿºɡ
Ҷϴ赤ҩˣҪȥ䷽ʲô
ƿֲ룬ֻܵĳ룬ܴȥȻƴǡ
лƹӣʱҶȻ䷽ȥƿ̲ס
ӵһתһĨ˷ܺ˲両ֶһ¶վͳȥңʱ䷽ɱˡ
ƿҡͷæ˵
Цζͷԡ
ƿ΢΢סԼСһŪţݣֲ÷ףֻš
Ÿ裬§סһԵ輧Ǹģò͸һ
ƿվһԣΪΣδ£ôһ̣ͱŻˣ°ڣƹӣûʲôˣҾȥˡ
ڰ֣ϲӬһ˳ȥ
ƿظȹתߣһߵſڣͱ˷С
ˣӦȥƼ𣿡һȲһ䡣
ƿ湴𴽽ǣ϶ЦݣӦˣӦȥˣһ˵ҽ䷽ȥǴпҵ츳ˣҾܷɻڴˡ
ļЦŵҼҿ㣬ҵ˶Ȼῴ۵ģ֮һᱻõġ
ƿЦ۾гһ϶죬ǰȥ֮һᱻõģʱҾͽһȥң﷢չɣ
ʱ˵ɡ㱾Ҳȥһ뵽ڵֻ̾ϢҽڵɾʱٸȥҲ١
ƿЦŵͷ
ĸŮ˵˻ŻصЪˡ
ռҪȥ½ɵñֺ˯߲ա
ǧѾú½ӺԺŴҡڽ˳С
½ǣСǡַǷ˳ӿС̯λ˳֣ǧۻҡ
ǧ΢䣬̧ųȥ
Ҳ֪ںδֻһջס£һж׼ԺרȥҷΡ
ЩջżΪҲЩͷöѡִջЪϢǧȱңȻҪסóԺá
ҪһϷԺǧֱӶƹһӽңͷʮ򣬶ڴ˴סʮˡ
ƹһõңǶǧǳֱӽڹˡ
ǧԴ˲ûκ飬΢䴽꣬ƹϷУƹ˵ЩĵĻ׼̧뿪
ƹЩҪ㡣ǧ۾һУƹסˡ
ƹ̶½ŲЦݵؿǧҪЩʲôС֪Ȼ޲
ǧ˴ǣſ˵ʮǰƹп˽У˳ýǲǴ·ӣǾΪˣ˿һ۱
ƹһЩãȻҡҡͷʮǰϼҰЩ飬ֱǻ֪ʿջеСǵʱڿջУ㾪Ϊ˵ӣǿ϶֪
ɣһȥСǧӻ֣ȥɣЩˡ
ƹϢСͷ
ǧӦһƹŶ
ƹȥԺ󣬷оͰǧϵĲ豭Ŀˮ
Ҫ˼ֱ죬ο˿һҲûУǵͷŪһžͺˣҲڴ˿ͷӬһ
ǧ򴽣Щ۵ſϡ
ʱͷһһϤŮͷ˽


799 ڨ

ǧŲ豭΢΢һҲ΢΢ô½أ
ʵںĽǧվֱӽŴһ϶ֳŷ˳ȥһȥһ¡
죬ǧſһζؿŲԶƿ棬߻վһӣһ߰Ҳˡ
΢΢һҲһ⻮
û뵽ƿ澹Ȼһͬ½˾Ϊʲô
ǧŹϣԺиֻ¥зһУǸˣһеĶָƼңƿ˻һ˵Ǹˣš
ǧһת׼ȥ˽һ£ǵҪȥʲô
ԼһװŶ´ӵѣһ˫հĿιӣֻԳȥһٹעĿ
ǧ޶ãֱһ
ûãͿƿҲ¥Ҳһλ£Ǹλþǧǰ棬ֻҪһ̧ͷܿ
ǧҡŲ豭һǵ̸
ƼﻹͦԶϢһ̰ɡ˵һ䣬һ·Ҳûۿƿһۡ
ƿ沢⣬ƹ˵ʲôʲôɣֻҪƹ߾ͳɡ
˹ɣŲһۣС㵱ǹɣȴòÿݲȻǿϧˡ
ʱС˶
ƿ濴ϷḻĲɫȴǱɫƹ⻰ʲô˼
ϵĲȣȫ֪Լ˵ʲôĻģûʲô˼ֻǾЩϧѡ
ƿգĳȷǣȴҲˣ˵㲻
ҧֻܽȥ˹Цӯӯƹӱ˵ˣ˵˵ҵɡԺҪעʲôûʲôɻҪעģ
ڰ֣Ϊ͵Ҳûʲôɻ䣬ʱֻҪҾͳɣʲôʲôҲˣ֪𣿡
ƿüۣǣ֪ˡ
һϡ
ǧǵ̸ȫ˶üɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǾҪȥƼңѲɣҪȥ̸ʲô¶
ǧȥƣеĿҪȥҷΣ±鵢ˣδ˿ôã
в˼ţԺкֳֿܿҲ뵽˵ĻҲᵽƼҡ
ʱıƼҼΪѲʲôԹ
ǧﴽ۾ৡһжԹĻδ˿ܾ̿УûУҲҵε
ˣǲòȥǧ豭£ӵ˼Ҳʱ磽˼ִ֣ӳ˼ڣҲ˲١
㷹һ̧ǧ㿴ƿص¥ϵķС
ǧ¥һҲصС
ڶգǧˡ
ʰһ󣬱ȥ緹һ¾ͿƿҲˡ
뵽ձȥңƿֵļΪҲЦݣһʱҲ˲١
ǧ΢΢̧ۣͰƿϵı鿴
ȻͬȥƼңȻҪȥʲô˵Ĺɡ
ǧһɫ
ֳһ緹ǧվƿǱȥһ漴ЩȵؽгûпӦþƼҵģӰɣ
Լ䱻˺̧۳ǧȥ
ֻһϸƤСվǰŷ⿡ΣĺܣǺˣΪλ֪ү䣿
ǧ˷䣬ԣƹӣҽзܾǰ֪Ƽһλҩ츳õĹӣֻԵüƹӵգǾΪˣǡ
С͵Ǻ𡣡ϲַ˶ϲġ
ǧ䴽һģƹĺܺãǰҾͽƹʾݶˣǽҸ˻ˡ
Ц˳ˡ
ƿһ߳һƨ
ǧܶûƿ棬Ц˵Ϊƹ㣬һרȥѧϰҩ˵Ȳƹ㣬ҲһЩõҩƹǲĻܷҴȥң
ţüȥң
ǰǧæͷֻƹһ𣬲ܵʲôҶԹ޻ڣֻռƹ㣬ͳˡ


800 Ƽ

ͷϲǸˣ;Ȼ
ɣƾݳģҶҪȥҡǧļ򣬸˵㲻볤ǵ۾Ҳﲻˡ
ǧЦŵͷͷƹӣΪܼƹӣҶŬġ
𡣡Σ˳ϵ۾ʱ򱾹Ӿҵ̴ӡ
棿ǧϲüҡ
ȻģӺιҪƭ㣿
ǧллƹӣ
ƿһԿһһ㶵ģ֪ΪΣзرᣬ̫ĵԵʰɡ
ˡ·ϵޣվھȥҡ
ǧЦ𣬻վ
ƿȴǼǳȻվ±ˡ
˴֣˰أſһլۡڲԶլۡ£ÿ̶˿һ۾
ǧһۣôµլӿ϶Ƽҡ
ûãǹȻ⴦լۡǰָͣǰլӣҵլӣǾΣ
¡ƿ̾һ䣬ͷȴ𾪷ǳ
լӣҴʵЩ¡
̫ƯˣסĸۡһҴӳڶûլӣ˴۽硣ǧŴְͣװеӣƹ֮ˣסլһʵǼõġ
΢㶣ʵû뵽ὫԼˡ
Сӣ͵ǼġһЦǧҲ˳ˡ
ǧЦݣֵ˵öʵƹоһߴޱȣ
ǧļЩֵܵļƣǲʵӶƾ۵СӶҪ
лƹӣǧϲ֡
ƿںͷ˫Ť
ôҲϵĵճŮɴ˿̾ǱȲһ·ɱҰСӣ
ҰСӾһЩѣֲ˼ˣ
ƿĵЦȴûбֳ
ûãһȴǰͣ¡
ǧһŵһҩζͷƮɢҩ
δǧϸ룬Ϳţǲͷҩ
ǧüۣԭͷҩľĵҲΪλȨصˣƼҼ
ǧһת뿴ƼҼǺεȵķɣǲһ
ǧעҪʧˣΪͷֻζƮʲôûУ˵ҲûУλҩѾ˹ؼʱ̣ǲܷĵġ
ֻգҸͷҩȥԺɡ
ǧƿ󣬲ɵͷ
ܿ˱˺ԺԺɾһƿҲͷˣȴûĻ䣬۽硣
ƹӣҺԺĻƯƿ̲סڣֻһۣͱסˡ
´ۣкֳһĨԺĻȻǺÿģǿǱӵӼ֮ģֵطȻûУѹ㿴ֱ۾
ǺǡеƿЦһʲôҲû˵
ǧһۣһĨֻ
ںԺ˼ȦɫδƼҩгչذɣҪҲҪЩӡ
ǧںԺʱصؼլеķλҹ˾ʱɵúú̽һҵǾٺòˡ
ҼҵҩҩҲúЩӲܳڵǵȵ𣬱Ӿ͸ǰſͷǵȲ𣬾Ȼȥɡ
ȵ𡣡ǧȿڵұƹһƼҲ¶ֻҪʱƹӾͺˡ
ģҾϲˡ
ǧ䴽Цƹӣסڿͷ᲻᲻ףҿסڿջϢġ
޷ڰ֣Ӽҿͷǣססн
ǧһתǾͶлƹˣҾסˡ
Ƽ壬סͷܻõԼҪϢҲʵ
ҲҪס¡ƿ΢΢䣬ǧΪһ棬ܶҶȵ𡣡
ɰѾ߸׼ͷһ֣ͽѾ߻˹Ը˼㽫ĿͶƿϡ
һһĨĹƹЩʱ㵽ҷһ˰ɣҪ̡


801 ͵͵š

ƿһϲɣЩʱ
ǧеĹ⿴ָ⣬ȴЩ棬ǵʲôҪ̣
ı飬ЩưܿѾ߾ͽͷ׼ãҪȥͷʱ򣬺һòŮѾǵĴӵ»
Ů̬ׯ߰۲ת֮ԣֻԶԶű֪һˣλԽԽܿǧͿŮݡ
Ǽģ˫۾ӯӯˮ˼ƲĿ⡣
ڴ˴ʲô˷䣬ĿתλǺˣ
ĭڣתˮ쳣
ĭ㡣һǰĸ߰˿ĭǰϤ˹˳λҵѣݼģǵҩ츳ãԽƼңרҩҲǼõġ
ĭ´ǼۣģõǲҲ֪ҩβȻˣҲܣϸűǡ
ɣл㡣ЦЦ˳СһҲǽ˻ʹȥλү
ĭһۣģһЩãţȥˡ
Ҫ˵λүȻΪˣҲԽݡȰ˵ţ֪ĺã㲻ǣα۰Ͱȥأ
뵽εĭᣬҲ˲٣֪ʲôҵ²ܣԼ¾ͳˡ
˵ţĭ뿪ڷܵ˲
ıӰܽƣŮˣΪԼ֮Ů𣿡
ǧ򴽰꣬ĭ
ƼҵĵճŮɣ˵֮Ů˵үǺˣĭϡҲ֪ȣ˭ʤһ
ƿƯŮ˲˼ʣ죬ʵƹӣղŮ˭úƯ
ҼҰ㡣еŭƼҵĵճŮҩ츳ˣǼҸǣг϶ϲ
˵ЩʱЩһЩʣƫҲֻܼŸ޷ԽòУܵõϴ赤䷽ܳԽλճŮˡ
򴽽ǣƿĿҲһһ
ƿȴǲδʲôףЦЦȻҵĵճŮֻ˵ѣǼˣ澪Ϊˣ˾η
һû˵
ƿ֪˵˻Щսսպա
һֵۣͷѾΪ׼ˣʱԽȥЪϢЩˣȻȥˡ
һ䣬ƿֵЩʱɱ˵
ѾˣǲǵġƿЦ˵һ䣬ļá
Ӧˣתߡ
ǧ뿪ıӰ˫ɸ
ƨʲôƣ˶Ѿߵˡƿ泰һ
ǧԼıӣѾװˣƿôϲԼǳ˼ۺ죬лŮ
ģֱ̌ŽͷС
Լƿöţȴ޿κΡ
صԺǧÿϣϴܣֿͷİҲǼõģһоһ
ǧָ⣬Цһ
Ǵ壬Ȼͷãҩʱ׬˲ٽҰɡ
ǧٴһЦαС
ûɫͰС׼˷˶˽ţǧŷ˵ζȻ侹÷ҲǺޱȣÿƷƽûмģһ˲١
ǧִӣֻⷹζⲻƼң˶ôζ
ԹۿɫˣǧͷдһŹ
ǣƿȥˣ
ǧ붼û룬ͿŸȥ
ƿʹС֮󣬲֪ķĶȹڿȥϵЦ⵽ڻδȥ
ǧںڰУϢ
ûãƿķſڡ
ǧţ㣬ɵ˷ϣƿһƬƬͷĶ
ڣںȾơ
ƿߵԣƹӣˡ
֣ʾ¡
ƿ˷䣬Ҳ飬ֱӾ֪ƹˣʲôҪ£ܲھ˵˵
¾Ʊ¶һĨζЦݣɰǾ˵˵Ҫ£˵ϴ赤ҩ䷽㲻óҿ


802 ʮа˾žˡ

ƿ治ֻʲôֽ䷽ȡƹӣϴ赤䷽һҩģһǵҩġ
δ˵ֽ꣬䷽˹ƿ΢΢һ㶣ֱЩס
ǰ䷽һʱֻޱʲôļ䣬ȫéٿȴôҲץסȴˬָ̾оֱǼõġ
䷽ָⲻɲ
ϴ赤ҩ䷽͵ҩ䷽ڵõܽ䷽ĶƳΪͻߣܳԽĭ
뵽ĭͲɷŭ츳΢һѣ۸ڶ˭ˣ
粻ƿﲻˣƹӣû°ɣ
û£ǺǡЦЦ䷽ãսָռУͺһ
ƿֻòԾ򴽣СʵƹӣΪΣ䷽ҵģôԼսȥˣ
кβ𣿡üʡ
ƿſˮƹӣ䷽ҵĶ㽫У𣿡
㲻żҽ䷽ҵԺ֪ˡ죬ٿһĨССƻ
ƿȴδֻҲнеĲȥЦҾڴлˣ
üֵɫƹȻȥϢɣҲЩˡ
ƿʶȤ˳ȥ뵽ԼоȸԾǳƶһ
ʱǧϿǣղŵ·һˣΪʲôĹ
ȴû뵽ƿֻҶѣûм룬ǰװ׶䷽Ȼͷ˵ڵСĻͳ
䷽ţռΪаɡ
ƿҲǼģô޶أ
ǧ̾һֱӴӷ£ûоκ˵»ص˿ͷС
۾һУֱᵹ˴ϣΪʲôȴû뵽ͷȴֻƿ汻ˣת
ֻ̫޴֪ʱִӿռˡ
˵ǧãƿޱˣǵǸˣ
½пܡצ°ͣ˵һƿֻװ޶أʵʲôֻ֪ǲ˵ѣ
ǧ󣬲ͷ˻Щٹ۲쿴ɡ
צļ򣬵Ҫ۲죬ǧۡ
ǧӦһ֪ˡ
Щʱǧ˯˹ȥһΣε˷Σ
̫˼θá
ɵʱЩξҲ֧飬۾ɫȻ·´ԭľ뵡ʧҲָ
򿪷ţÿһĨů⣬ֻǴҪˡ
ǧʶԼСɱƽƽģȫκλеĺۼǷ֮ĸֻµڻ֪ԼѾС
糿еѾǶæµţǧһϮװСߣһ̸
ĿͶȥ˵ѾߣżӣҪȥġ
˵СôˣͷʹܣûΪС֡
꣬һЩһصѾߣǱǿɾͲˡ
໰ѾæŴ꣬Χûʲôˣ˵һ̲ססڻʹүãֵǼҴСһֱǶܣ
˵λүǴӱġصѾ΢٣ֵһϮ£ҾΪˣòֱǼõģֲûõС
໰Ѿ򴽰꣬ûۡ
ѾЦЦҲٶԡ
Ѿ߶ſӣ쳯ȥǵӰȫʧǧŴδ˳
ͷү
һϮ£òã
˵òǷΰ˵ûеõȷе֤ʮа˾žǷˣû뵽ȸ½ĴʦʵݾȻ½үʵ˼Ľ
ŵշε飬½λʲôİǧͷһ˵Ĵʦ֪ʵʲôģһ˲ӹ㾧Өƺġ
ǧ䣬ǰ˼
֪䣬ߵסſڡ
ԺŲûйϣǧ͸Ժŵķ϶Ժҩ
òѰҩζжϣƵӦϴ赤ҩ


803 Լ๫̫һ

ǧǰϷ䷽ƿģµòҪЩΪˡ
ǳǳɫš
ܿʱԼĻ˵ùҲ
ǧһƼƿ泯߷ġ
תתͻȻһС㣬ҲƹӵҪһͬȥ
ͷƿҪŵý¯䷽֮Ķȫս˿ռָУһ֮󣬱һԵϡ
ǧˣЦ
ʱƿѾ˹üǧĿϲ㲻һҰСӶѣҲҸСͬУ
˵գƿȹڽԺУЩ߰
ǧЦ
ǸղҩԵʣƯһĨҩζζ䵭ҩĶζУƿܿԾҩζϤ
ЩѰҩϴ赤ҩ
ƿ治дģʵ̲סˣſʵƹӣղԺҩ𣿡
飬еָĲһ𣬡ǰ磬û¾ҩҲܶһЩҩ顣
ƿеĲŨңƹӣðһ䣬ղƵʲôҩζЩϤȴ벻ˡ
ĿҲ˽䱸ü΢䣬ֻһЩѰҩѣС㲻ϵĵճŮôôЩҩϲˣ
һֱϴ赤ҩѰҩȴǲˡƿۣɤ֮һЩ⣬Ͼϴ赤ҩȣЩѰҩֵһᡣ
Ҳǡһ𴦡
ƿģһ뵽䷽УͷĲ͸Ũˡ
ᣬ˽˰ɣ
ƹӣƼδأܷȽ䷽ңЩҲöҩƿ䴽ЦȴЩС
һڻؾȷɣʱһأӾֱӸˡ
ǡƿ滹˵Щʲô
ǧŮǲԾ
ϧе䷽õû
졣üԣ˵ʲôǣԼжϣǲˣֱˣƼֲһҪ㡣
ƿ汻˵һһ㶵ģһ뵽ŭӣʵڲ˵Щʲôˡ
΢ЩȴҲֻܼݲڶƹ˵üǣҲʾˣҲ𣿡
ûȥɫЩͣƿ濴һֽۣĿͶǧϣ˲Цˣ˴ңк£
ᵽ֣ǧһ䣬ʵҲûʲôƹӣ˳Լл⣬ƼҵķʵǼõģҳԵҲϲ
ģ˶ʱЦˣƼҵķȻǼõģ֪ЩʳĽǴӼԶĵطѰ˼ҿǳԲġ
ǧ䴽һЦֲƽﶼûء
Цǰ
ǧЦ
Ʋƿ棬ֱӸǧ˵ˣһҲ£Ҫȥͷߣ
ǧһ㶣̰ڳһܳģƹҳȥ棬ҿ϶ܾܺƹһо˶ˡ
𣬡İɣʱʶһ³иֺĶ
ǧҾüлƹӡ
ƿ汻һԣЩģֱӳƹӣͬһȥǲڣҲĵĽ
ɡɣ͸Űɡ
ƿϲЦտ
Թ緹̳ȥ档
ڻͬռһַǷС̯λ˳֣һģСǵߺֻҪһǷҲȾˡ
ǧţǰֵķʢ
ǺϿȥֻϷһһ£һ۱֪Ǵ˼޵ġ
Ұ˵ҪۺϣҪҲһһȥƣһת˵ĭɶǸġ
ƹӼȻȥûġƿЦſڡ
ǧĿתҸƹӡ
ԭ˦Щȥʹ̽̽ɻʹ䱸ɭϣҲЩϰϵģĭ٣кȻ⡣
ŮһۺϲűȽĭλү۰ɣ
˵Ļܼλү®ɽĿˣǷֱӽ˴ȥͳɣ
ǧţͷͻȻЩ
Լ๫̫һô죿


804 ·

˻ֱÿ˼װ壬һ˲΢ůķ죬˷ٶЩˡ
ǧ鷢ãͻȻŶһһüʵƹӣôˣ
Ȼ񣬡ǺҼҰڵĻ
ǧŲԶ۾һУԭƴСĻƹҪҪǵĻȻȥк
˳ĭûԵʲôˡ
ˣɡ򴽣°̧ߣ֮ǰ
ǧЦЦȴЩʧ
ƿ澲վһԣڸرĵͣʱֻͱˣƹӣƴСڵĻôֺþ¡
ƳͷҼҰõĶȻõġ
ƿһЦʲôҲû˵ˡ
ǧһۣ֪Ϊʲôܾ˵ĭʵϺЩأ֡
ƵںϷվڼװϴů磬һʱǳ
ûãǧĻ죬ȻҪˣһ㶣̽ĿͶ˹ȥ
ȻҲˣǧͬʱĿͶȥġ
ֻ춯䣬һŷµƯŮӴӻ߳󻹸һµӡ
ݿ㣬ЩϤȴûмеǰÿʵȥԶǧ˵üͷ塣
ƹӻƴС㣡ƿЩʵضĭԵλ˭ƹʶ𣿡
ŲԶķɫͻȻһߣ𾪷ǳ
ôڻУ
ΪڻеǾΪ˵ү࣬ͷһȥȥƼˡ
ǧϵı飬Щ𾪣Щηӵݲ򵥣򴽣ʲôû˵͸˻С
ƿֲֲģֻĲ鲻Ըؽ뵽˻С
һ뵽ͷϵľηȥһЩǿ֪ղ˭
˭ƿ档
ǧͬ档
ۣȻѹ½Ļʵۣ
ƿס
˾ȻǻʵֲۣһԺӿɵʥΪλĭһ֮ʲôè岻ɣ
һЩ˼Ǳ֪ʲôԲ˶ߡ
ƿ汻סĲˡ
ǵ£ޡǧЦ̾һ䣬աı£üͷμΪơ
ټϴѾЩα⵱үˡ
Ǳ£ȻޡһһصģұΪͬүһ棬뾹Ǻͱһˡ
ʵ̫𾪣һʱӦˡ
ǧһòʣҴδ˵½λүôأѵĳү
һۣʲôүֻǰͳ½ֱŻ뿪ʱвʱȻȫˡ
Ŷǧüһôֵ𣿡
ɰɡĲɵӦһЩҲģʵͲö֪ˡ
ǧһҲ
ƿ汻һԣ͸һҧгݣȴֲܷ
ǧͷһĭͷ˻վڼװϡ
ƮҡǿŮվһʱһҺܺÿ
ǧĿջһ㺮˪
ûʵǲһŮģм䶨Ȼűè塣
ңĭǶԷкøΪתͷһˣ
ǧüͷһ壬ԴﲻֳÿʵҲ񲡺ˣȻв֮λȻԹԽ϶ʩչּƲߡ
ĭ˼ƣ
ǧ˼תܾԼѾ뵽ˣȴֲɫ
Ҳһۣ˻ڼװϣüںֳһĨɫˣˣүҪԶ
˵ţͻСˣȥ׼Եġ
ûã˾ͱ
ŵķζ˲ɢǧ˷䣬ٴβʱּװϵѾѲӽȥ˰ɡ
ŪϵĿӣɫǱ
ΣøϽ취빬УλϣҲÿЩʶǵ˼ƣ
ԹʳڻдһŻص½ϡ
뿪ȴǺĭˡ
ĭһˣ΢΢Щȣôڴ˴


805 ʲôʲô

ֵõȻãҾһ棬ôղҲĳ
ĭûзϣǰҲڻС
ü˭һģ
ĭһ´꣬˱ĵطǺͳеСһģǽüֻɶѡ
ΪβЩСӰ״Ʋһ䡣
ĭۣ˲Щ⣬ߵ磬ߵñȽѡ
þգŶԭˡ
ĭ£ָ⣬ûʲô⣬ҾȻȥˣܸоЩˡ
ɡ䴽һ˳ȥ·ϵһЩ
ĭҲ𴽰꣬һ˲һʢɷǺÿҾȻȥˣҲЩȥ
䣬뿪ıӰֱӰʧŽĿ˻
ǧҲĭıӰ飬аʲôè壬ɵþʹС
ղǺͱһģΪҪƿ治ѿڶ
ݺݵۣղŵ飬Ҫ㾡ǣǲӲ㡣
ƿŵõһǱвˣ
һƽ𺺧ˣƹҾ㻹ǹܺԼȽϣ˵飬Ҳܣǲǣ
ƿȻɴ۾ҪԼɱˣ
С㣬ղſģ𣿡Цɭޱȡ
ƿŵɪɪһʱ侹޷һԼ
ǧһԿ˺ϷųȰС㣬ղŵӦ˰ɣƹӿǻġ
ƿ˲񣬡ƹӣҶѾˡ
ĿջأЩȱȱزŪһָ⣬ȻΪβ˵һֶ˵ӻΪưء
ƿɫףҲ˵ˡ
һȻѾˣǾȻȥɡ
áƿӦһµҲôˡ
ȥԺǧȻص˷С
ڴͷŽշ飬Щãͨ͸˲١
ҪȥʹζҪȥ
Ҫȥʹϣһ䡣
ǧͷǰʲôð취𣿡
ͷŭɴ˫զզþһֻӶѣʲô취ȥʹЩһֱƼңŻнʹĻᡣ
ǧһ¾£ô˵
ÿƼĭʵ۵ĹϵãƼǱҲǼΪҪģֻҪһʲôģ¿϶ὫƼٽУʱȥͳ𣿡
ǧһ˫һӣǻ顣
̯צӣ˭бأ
ǧЦЦҲ˵
ڶգʹͻȻˣ˵иᣬҪ븮ڵС㹫һȥ
ǧϢԺֱЦˣ§ڻУǲδ֪ı죬ϲۻʹ飬û뵽˵ˡ
ñ§ĸζۣ㻹룬ô˵ȥʹɡ
ǧ°ͣЦˣֻҪҶ˵Щûͳɣƹӿͦ˳۵ģ𣿡
ñ죬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧŸ裬á
ƿ棬鼫Ϊ˵ƼѾչسˣٳδжѾˡ
Ѳɣ˽䷽ɣ
ƼҲ䷽ΪλҪ˽̣
ƿԽԽףȹڣֱֱסȥ
ߵſڣƿŵһϤҩζͷһֱӿԿ϶ϴ赤ҩζ䷽ˣ
ƿͷٴһ벻ͨһƼүΪλ䷽ȤƼҲеҩ䷽
֣ʵ̫ƿվſڣͻȻŵķ϶ȥܿƼ
ȷϴ赤ҩǰϣڷŵĺȻ䷽ƿȻɴ۾Ҳʵڳסž˽ȥ
ҩһͽֱߵĵҩƿӸˡ
Ӳ˵ûҵķԸҪ𣿡ŭ壬ƿԺһ飬ҲĿ˱𴦡
ˣƿһᣬƹӣʲôҩأ
ֻһЩѰҩѡȶ񣬿ٽϵĶʰá
ƿֱۣӽϵ䷽סˣƹӣҲµûĻղƵӦϴ赤ҩɣ
΢ȴû˵
ƿ򴽣ƣƹӣΪ͵͵ҵ䷽أѵ⽫ҵ䷽˽̣
ں˵˵ʲôȻθߡ


806 в

ƿ沢δ£ƹӣƼվѾˣȴٳδҵ䷽ҲûнƼǲΪƹ뽫ҵ䷽ΪУ
ȻһЦЦЩġ
ƿ汻Цסʶһƹӣ㵹ǿһ˵
ǺǡٴȻһЦǰԺӵĴˣקƿС
ƿ汻ľٶһҪѣȴôҲѲ
ֻһҩʦѣΪʲôô
ƹӣ㵽ʲôЩҷſƿŵҺôҲϵĵճŮ㲻ҵġ
Цһֿס°ͣϵĵճŮΣҵĵ̣һССĵճŮ˭֪أ
ƿһ㶣ϵѪɫ̼ûˣʲô˼
˵˼֣ǳˣҲ˻֪ͻ·ߵҰèҰһϢ
ƿȴʲôҲ˵ˡ
Ҿ뽫䷽ռΪУΣɿ°ͣΪקķұ뽫ϴ赤ҩƳٸ˵µģ˭֪Ȼˣָң㵱ΪƢ
ƿ˱۾䷽ҵģ㾹Ȼ˽̣˵һ䲻𣿡
ɡһΪҴӦΪʲô
ΪʲôƿֱЩԡ
ٴһЦΪе䷽޷Ը㣬ڵҵĵ̣ҽΪΪ
ƿȻɴ۾ɫɷס
û׷ĻҲˡקһͷŭƫҪײǹΪһ㲻ܣ
ƿǶ˶Ҫɱˣ
ƹӱƿɫװףҼҪ䷽ҸǣֻҪŹҾͳɣ𣿡
ЦЩͺƫҪв㣬Ҳ۵ĺ𣿡
ƿŴһʱ侹˿ڡ
ٴζס°ͣȻҶ䷽ҲһЩôģʱʵ۵һȥֻҪúñ֣ٻ󶨻ò
棿ƿ۾΢
ɿָֻԭģȻģֻҪúñ֣˵յĺͳɡ
ƿҰæͷ֪ˣסġ
һţҽ䷽ߣûʲô𣿡
ûȫûκƿЩ£˶սսպյġ
Ǿͺáһֱ֣Ӹ˵ҪϢˣЩȥɡ
ƿͷ̽ŵ磬ֱӾ˳ȥ
ܵ⣬ƿ治ĲҲĸζղ̫ˣһͱˡ
ʵ벻̰ͨͼ䷽ʲô
ЩƼҲܿ
ֻԼ뵽˴ƿͷԺһڣ̧뿪
С㣬Ǹմƹӵķǧ䣬ס
ƿ΢٣㽫ĿͶǧϡ
СǺʱģ
ǰƿüûʱСЩʲôΪСҰСΪ飿
ǧһߣȴû뵽Ȼƿ棬һήҲӣ붺
С㣬˵ƹӰȥƼѾأƹӰ𣿡ǧЦζ
ƿԣɫһ䣬ҧС£ֲҰСܣ
ǧνʼ磬ֻһС㡣
ٺġƿ˫΢죬ȫ¶ɢһŭǱʲô۸һ
ǧ۾⣬һӾͷĲͬѰǧ۾ڻһ⡣
ģѾҪ䷽Ϊ˰ɲڻЩԹޣҪ䷽ɣ˰ɣ
ǧһЩЦðɣҲʾˣСҲ
С𣿡ƿߣҪϡ
ǧûʲôоֻЦʵҪȥƹӣСҪһͬȥ𣿻˵Ҫȥˣ
ƿ汾һֲ֮뱻ҰСӿȥƬ̲ǵɣñСͬһȥɣûûŭƹӻ֪
˭ŭǧۣЦζ
ƿ治ٿתͷ뵽סС
ƿȥº棬üʵղôֹˣѲ롱


807 ʹ

δڣƿͳϣƹӣǷСģƺ㣬˿̾ſڣٹþҪˡ
Ļ£ǧͻͷ˽ңܿͽĿⶨϣЦƹӣҩҴ˿̹᲻㣿
һͺ˲٣΢䣬ʵС˵ұ£ʲôأ
ǧҡҡͷЦøⵥԴ֮Ҳȫǳ֮ɫ˵ƼˣرƹƼȻǸʾ޵ţҲȻޡ
֮ʲôüѹһ
ǧûеĵͳЦɵޱȣʲôǵһһ˵е˶ѡ
ٴЦˣԶԶһҲУ
ǧ۾æͷаֻҪƼǽԶɵġ
ЦҾϲֹ˳ְķеģɱĳЩ˼ˡ
ƿһǸĳЩָԼ
ǧͷһϲЦøģзУ˵öʵƹӻƼ˰˾η
øģ̷ڲͷҵֻǲɵģΪͳȥʹˣͷЩҩƣҩĿ࣬նܻ
ǧϧǿô찡
´ֵۣվһᣬڱܽʹʱܼҵˡ
ƹҪȥʹǧɴΪܳ
ƼҵĹӣҪ˽ȥܴ˽ȥ䣬һ˲Խʮ㣬㵽Ҳƽգս뵽ʹɱ鷳ЩɿҲҼסˣ
סˡǧüкֳһĨЦ⣬ֻҪԶԶƼͳɣģҲ࿴һۣҲһ䡣
ļ򣬡Ҿ֪Ǹˡ
ģ̌Ц
ƿ˵Ժ󣬲û
Ϊܽ䷽קͷ°ͣв
СӾ˵ЩƨĻܽʹˣǲɵ֮ԺĻֲ
ƹӣȥʹʲôһƽնѣʱ鷳ôãƿգգ۾ǳһ䡣
üĿһ˼֣Ǳӵ£ָֻŵģǵñӲˣʹҲͱȥˡ
ƿһ㶣ɫ˲˼֣ƹҴˣҲ˵ʲôˣʹȥʹɡ
ǧֽĿͶϣû뵽ƿҲҪȥʹѲΪ䷽Ĺϵ
ǧ䴽һЦֽĿ˻
ٸ˵ЩӲģǾͱֱӲˡƳͷĿƿ
ƿһҲ˵Щʲôˡ
ǧֻ˼ƽ߰ǳϵճŮȻŪ÷
ڰֵ֣Ǿ͸ȥʹûʲô¾뿪ɣҲһЩˡ
ɡǧһЦûģƹӾϢҾͲˡ
䣬ģ̌뿪ƿž͸ȥĿǧһ䣬ƨΪ˻ʹ͸һˣ㲻һҰСӶѣ˻ʹҲֻһҰСӣǧԼݡ
лСѡǧüٿڨЦ㣬˵һС㣬ƹǰǵ͵һЩղǰͷʵ˼Ľ
㡱ƿ˫ͨ졣
ǧڰ֣Ц뿪ֻƿһԭֱš
ڶգʹڶ
ǧһɼΪ򵥣ԶԶȥһСˡ
ƿȴǴû֦չһۻɫɴȹһ٣Ϸζ죬ӳչ¸ҫ۷ǳ
˴磬ҲĵƯ˼֣ԶһŮƵġ
С磬һŮһǧӷ߳ĿҲ䵽ϡ
ƿûʲôɫһʲôƣС㴩ҲǸ㿴ġ
ǧЦ
ƿȴˣ΢΢𴽰곰ǲμĴӣ˭㾹ȻСһҰСӵҰСӣȥ˻ʹɱƹӶˡ
ǧһνЩСͲزˣ﹫࣬ע⵽ң
ƿһ㲻˵
ʱһϮ۵˹ϴһЦݣűոӢ˼֣ͬҹҴһͬȥʹ


808 ʹ಻ʤ

˶һۣܿ͸ĽŲ
߳լӣͿһϮµĭݾ£ոⱦÿ쳣ƿ汾ͦÿվĭӲͱȥ
ҪȥʹĭĿͶȥüͷһš
ǵİ㡣һ˳һͦҪãҾŴȥ棬˳ȥʶһЩ﹫ʲôġ
ĭɫСһֻҪǺãͽǴϰɣҲЩȻǶõġ
ףõġ
Ǳɡĭ䣬Ƚ뵽ǰ
ںͷһƿǧ棬һΪƾɵרŸ׼ġ
תۻʹ͵ˣ˿ٴ
ǧܿ˼Ȧֻʹн䱸ɭϣڰҲǱһЩһôʹֻ»ע⣬ʱȫ˹ҲЩѶȡ
ǧؿڣ˿ޱԼû
ôɵˣƿߵǧߣЦҰСӾҰСӣʹصرͲġ
뵽ξڴ˴䳰ȷǧҲᡣ
Լӣƿҧ
ȥˡƿһۣʾ˵
ƿһٲ˵Щʲô
ȥԺ󣬻ʹĺΰӳǧУǴ˿Ҫȥĵطǻʹеĺ԰˵кö﹫ӴѾˣͷͻȲ裬ύȨƣ
ȥʱ԰Χˡ
ĭݣ˶Ʊ£һѷ䳯ǵķ
ƼҴСò˫һͬ졣
ƴСƲٵҩԺ֮λĪ
﹫һ˵ţнύĭ˼
ĭһǾֹжȣ˵÷
ǧô˻ȴûΣֻһİǰεţʵȤĽ
ӴⲻƼλ𣿡Ҳ֪˭ָһ
ʱ﹫ӵĿ׷׳ȥ
ת˲䣬ͳʸ֮ġ
ҧվԭأ֮תһĨ꣬˶ָָ㣬ǻʹֻͶˡ
·ûϵŭɫ˼˵Ƽ˲ű˵ǸӣҲòֹ֮Ҳдķ緶ȴԶƴС㡣
˻˵ţЩ߲ȵ͵˼
ĭЦЦԡ
ȴЦЦˣ쳣Ҳ˷籩
ûڡ
ɫתߡ
ĭƿͼǳǻʹмǲˣСӡ
Ųһ٣鲻Ըף㣬֪ˡ
ĭصͷǼǳسҹȥǴùϵʱƼӿţҲǶ˹ˡ
Ƽͷ㲻ùϵƵĵҩҲóȥʼ磬ΪȻ
ĭһǲȥҾȥˡ
䣬ĭ뿪
Ƭ̧̣Ÿϣ˽عͷԭرߣϾǻʹʲô£Ҳǡ
ǧƿǵͷ
һߣƿݺݵؿǧҰСӣ˻ʹɱĴߣĴҿ֪𣿵ʱʲô¶о
ǧųȥѰҷΣɰİһֱڶţټƿһֱֹģѲ
۾һʱ侹Щꡣ
ҰСӣС˵û𣿡ƿüײײǧĸ첲
ǧ˫˲˼֣Сղ˵ĻȻЩƹѾ˵Ͳˡ
ƿһ˫ҲŤ뿪ڼҼ䣬ȴѾˣɫЩѿžЩˡ
ƿһ㶣յߵĻҲӲѹȥ
ƹӣôͻˣƿæǰڳһЦһ䡣
бһۣЩ壬ӵٹܡ
ղȥĵģЩٵĿȫĭϣǸп޵СŪ쳣
ƿŵһ㶣ʱ˵ˡ
ĿͶǧϣŵŭҲɢ˼֣㲻Ҫүĵ𣿱үʹȥơ
ǧ΢΢һ㶣ƼǷҩ𣿴˿̣ˣ
ǰԵÿգǿЩʱһ
ǧ۾һУЦˣ˫Ưں׺˷ǣӨ͸ǾͶлƹӣû뵽ҾܼƼ˵ȥ϶ܰĽ


809 ĸ¯

ǰͷ
ǧ΢٣Ƭ̧֮Ÿȥ
գʹƼѾȥ˻ʹҩǰ˵ΪԼⱾһģû뵽ҲûʧֻͣƬ̣ӦҪȥʹ
ʹǽˣȴûˡ
ȴҪˣǧʼ磬ֻܸȥϾʹĵϤ
ƹӣܴҲһȥ𣿡ƿȹڣ
Ƴͷһۣɵķݶϣţһɡ
ƿһĿ⺬Ц
ûã˾͵˻ʹҩС
ʹҩޱȣͷõģýɵģͷǽ̻Ի͵ҩǧһ뵽棬ͱǰĽϹ۾
ֵǰһӦǰĹߡ
ƿҲǵһμҩʦЩ㶵ġ
ЦνϵճŮǸûĲݰһϵĵճŮûҩ
ƿ΢㶣ܿеıģҡ
û˵꣬ŤͷߵķȥҼҵǱҩҹȥ
ǧЦŵͷ
ƿԭضţͲĻ
ǧûƿ棬ֱתȥǰǧͷҩߵλûһС䣬СҲûƽɣźޱȡ
ָǰС䣬ͷҩ˵ܽȥͷۣǾΣ
ƿ汾Ƽǰһ֣ȴû뵽ȻֻͷţЩ
ǧνʼ磬ƼޣԶԶұѾ㣬Ƕлƹˡ
ʶȤϵЦݸ˼֣æǽƿһ϶һ˲֮䣬ڵһбӳС
ֻСλվһˣͷڣһϮɫĽۣ˫ӥ侲˫֮Ⱦ˪ϣܼòӢ
˿̣ҩһһΪ죬иһֻⲻĵ¯¯Щֻһ۱֪ǼƷеļƷ
ǧˣü۲һ󲻷ӦǴ˵Ƽ˰ǧֽĿ䵽Ƽеĵ¯ϡ
ļƷ¯Ǵĳַİֻһۣоӵ¯͸ⵤ¯ƵĵҩֻҲΪƷ
ǣֻ¯ټƷԾɱȲռڵֻ¯
ǧ˼ۣŽĿ˻
Ƽ𣿡ָָͷˣǱǱүĵΣǲޣ
ȻޡǧЦ˫Өת
һЩЩ۹⡣
ƿ鲻ɴƣСһ䣬ƹӣܲܽȥƼ˵
ɡüֱӾ;ܾˣ˿ҩǾôȥĻ϶ֲκκôټЩҩǸƵģǵʱһܲ
ƿȻһϾ½ҲֻһСѣ˱£ֻһٴζ
ʹЩɵġ
Ϊ˾ܷɻڴȴ봦ˣֲԸʹ˻ȥ䷽ͷȴʲôҲûõŲֿ
ͷƼҩ࣬۾ȫȻûע⵽ͷ
ǧֽۣĿͶƼϣ˿Ƶĺյ֮ĸ߼ҩҹζжҩƷʺ͵ȼԲ͡
߽ףƷʹھʮϹ
ƹˣǿЩȥɣɱҩ˵ţͿٽźϡ
ŽյĴţƿϸʧ䡣
ǧղֻ¯ǿڵҸղƼƼеֻ¯ǴĳѰϵƷɣ
һۣ΢֮ŵСǲֻ¯ȷǵĳַѰģϵƷǼƷʱΪֻ¯ƼС˲֪˶١
˵ţܿߵҩ⡣
ǧº棬ɿʵֻһֻ¯ѣΪλôСˣ
鲻Щѿⵤ¯һֻʥħػţҪõͱֻʥħޣʱɳ˲ʵǿСˣȴû뵽ֻʣһʥħѾˡ
ǧ󣬲һ꣬Ȼʥħޣֲ̫һЩ
̿ˮһ䣬ͷʲô籩һֻĸ¯ֻĸ¯ֻӵ¯ȴǸҼҰ㡣


810 

˵˫ֽգƺЩġ
ǧһۣͻȻ˵ĸ¯ʱһŭ⣬ܿŭЩʰĸо
üܾЩ֣ĭģȴַŭ쳣оһأϸֺĭе⣬Ǹ۲۵ì塣
ǧĿջأʲôҲû˵
ƿ룬ٿڿοƹӣĸ¯ȻѵãպѰõĵ¯
ۣ񣬡⻹˵ӶȻҵһֻƷ¯
ƿ汻סҧһ仰Ҳ˵
һеȴûɢûã뿪ҩܿͻص԰С
԰ַǷЩ﹫ӶˣǴһ̸˵أĭǱ죬ǹ°վ̬߹ţŮ
ȥ뵽ֻĸ¯Щߡ
ǧҲĭȥЩ͢سȥٲȻⳡǡƴС㵱˫ڳȫȥ
ƿ淺ᡣ
ЩɽֱȡüһƼҵճŮЩ͢سȻҪͽġ
ǧЦͻȻһĨǰ
ƮֻһĨ㡣
ǧͷһȻɴ۾ɫǣеı²ûղ߹ӦǷΣ
ǧȻܿȥΪܷЩʲôãȴʲôûп
ղһĨɫҲŵ˱㣬Ϊʲô˿ȴʲôҲûѵղЩԼĴ
ǧŴǣЩʧ
ƿʧ񣬲Цô֪ԼǸҰСӣʧˣԱˣ
˵ƿüšüҸ㣬Ա˴ˣʹ࣬һ٣һҲࡣ
ǧŻʼ磬ģһɣС𣿡
ƿҧһְʯͷԼŵĸоǺǣϣ㲻Ҫźá
ǧߣ˫СˣҶСĽСһġ
ƿֻԼ޻ϣ㲻ʹģֵҲܡ
㻹ݡߡ
ǧ䴽ЦζС㣬ˡ
ƿΪܿҲû£ŤͷʲôҲû˵
ǧ°ͣ뵽ղһ죬ͷٴβ˲
ղŵĵǷ
Լˣ
ǧŴǣһʱֻͷ쳣ͷ·ʲôҪйһ
ʱỹûȫʼЩɴһੲݣЩǧǶϲȨϴ˴򽻵ĭͳǵѡ
ǽĭΧм䣬˵¶˵һͻȻһªǧһ㶣ʱŪС㣬վŵ˭ôһªҼҵѾС˻磿
ĭĿһɫ˲˲٣ҵ̰棬ͷʶ˲ϲ̨ˣǲҪ֡
СЦЦֻ֣ҰСӶʹ𣿻᲻ʲô¶ǣ۵Ƽң
ĭҡͷӦᣬ˻ĺܡ
Сֵ˰Ǿͷˡ
ĭЦЦ㲻˵
ǧǵ̸ڶδ䡣
ƿۣȴЦֻ
ܲסЩָ㣬תͶǧ»ȥ԰ͷܱܷͷɣʽʼͻɺã
ǧ˫΢ȴҲ̫ϲ棿
ȻġüǲԸ
ǧҡͷûвԸ֪ԼΧһи룬ǳȥƹһЩҶȻհ졣
ͻȻЩ˼ֻίˡ
ǧЦôȣί
ȻίһѾȺܾˣȥͷлѰҷ
Ҫ̫
һۣʲôû˵
ǧ££䣬첽߳԰ͷǧһҲһ
ͷ̽̽ͷûʲô԰ֱһá
ǧ˳Сߣ˼Щʵľ¹ֶ಻ʤҪҵμֱȵ컹Ҫѡ
ûоʹȴս¡
ˣһҪҵ
˼ǧС̵Ĺ
һޱȣЩƽͷձǼֱϵŮ
ǧҪ̧߽Ǻ˵ʲô


811 μ棡

ڹүôţһ˵ţŲŲģСƵġ
Ǹ½ЩӦɡ
˵үͷ˵ãȸ½Ĵʦ֪֪ʵͬ족
˵ǧͷǲѡ
ȸ½ĴʦȻǷɣ
Ҳ˵˿̻ڻʹУδ
ǧ˫΢ҵʲôһ˲䱻ϲýȾôҲɢȥ
˿̣ǻֹ˵š
ˣӵū澵ľͱ˵ǻǿЩ˸үȥɡ
ɣ˵λүǺǻǵСһЩ
Ҳǡ
Ǹһ䣬ͳԶĹȥ
ǧ˫ٴһ
ЩȻҲҪȥүĹĸȥĻǾҵ
ǧԼ룬תͷ͸ȥ
ûãǾһſͣ¡
ǧҲ½Ųδ׼Żж
Ǿǰš
ûãһŲſһϮµҹֱվĿڹǵϻǳ˴ν£
ǱϵסŵҹˣūүͳԵĵģἴʼ֪үʱȥ
ҹ̽ӹޱҼҪȥȻȥȥɣҼϲ徲
ǵͷܿȥ
ǧҹͻȻ÷ǳ졣
ҹ˵λӣ϶ǷΡ
ķΣ˿̾С
ǧϲѣȹ߽ͻȻֹΧȫʵ߳İ
ϸжʮǧȻ½ŲһҲų¹ȵף֮Ҳһɫ
ΧȻôవֻǸзĻʵصģĿľΪ˼ӷΣǴ˿̷ʲô춯ʲôȥǷ÷οˡ
Ϊ˱סλСĽ
ǧģȥɣֻܷ
࣬һҪܿжĿЩѵģټϷοѾӦԵĶԲߣóȻжļƻɾͲˡ
ǧһת뿪ˡ
һοܻμᣬʱô˻˵˵ͳˡ
ǧһ룬еҲ̧࣬԰ķȥ뿪ʱӦԻȥ˰ɡ
ص԰ԺǧͷֶһЩߺ󲻾òİɣǧܣԺ̧˹ȥ
ƹһˣʱʼǧЦЦʵ
˿̵࣬ǧˣЦŵҪʼˣһǵȥУҲ
ǧ󣬵ͷ
ƿǧ֪ΪھһĨԹɫ
ЩʱЩ˲Ʋȥ˹С
ǻʹĹרЩģͷ̻Իͣλεĵƻ۾ڹſڵյƯǷ
ǧ̤뵽棬ֻһ֮
΢΢һ٣ܿͻָ˹ǻʹ治ͬ졣
һܿͷ˼λȥרŸƼ׼λ
ǧ
ƿȴЩģ˻ʹ֮󾹻иλÿʵڲ
ʱȴǶǵЩλöǰ׼õģǶģҲûڳֻµ񹬶һվˡ
ƿ˫࣬ôҲǸС㣬վţ
ǧûʲôһжƹӵġ
أüؿƿ档
ƿһʹ㲻ԸҲֻˣҲƹӵġ
䣬£վһԣѾߺСһݵ²˵ȻûԵġ
ƿ汾Ϊ˻ʹܵõµʶ¾㣬ܵõµעĿ
ƿҧҲǺ޼
ǲ𣿡ʱĭÿ£վŵ˭ɿʵΪҪվţ
ˮλǰ׼ģ£ǾҪλˣվţǵҲվá
ĭǳǳһЦ⻰˵òµȷѾλ׼ãҲȷʵأֻίˡ
˵üǡƱĭǰƣȾһ
ĭͷ£һ˲˫죬ÿӣ


812 ôδ

ƿ涢ÿһĨ˲ӿͷҧ˫ȫǲʡ
ƾʲôҪվţƾʲô
ǧûʲôоվŵĻܿøʱˣҲһ۾Ϳ
ڵĵƻҫۣһƵƻ£ɾƱеľˮҲŷ˾Ө֮ɫǧվһ࣬һϮª£ȴɵֵסϵǹʡ
廪˫ʣƲ˫
ĭžƱĿ⾲ֻһ۱ڵֻһƽͷգΪϵʾôͬ
Щ廹ҪŸ߹󼸷֡
ҰСӵʲô·Ϊλʣѵǹװƽͷյģ
ôĿʲôأ
ĭҧ˫Ŀǧת˼ۺŷ治ϸƤģǹ⻬𪣬˫Ө͸ģһŹˮ
ĭţһʱ侹һĨӿͷ
ʣ
ĭŴԭأȻἵһҰСӣ
ҵճС㣬ȻҰСӳúÿ֮⣬ʵЩ˵ȥĭָоЩûñƽ
ǧĭڴԼ˫üһ
Ѳɣʲôˣ
ܿ죬ĭͽĿ˻ȥǧ˿ûзʲô
ｻҲ֪˶ãһ̫බŪŷվڹſڴȵ¼ݵ
һ䣬㿴һɫ۵ӻ
ֶƻֶʱޱȣϤǳһλðĸо
ǧϿһЩεӰӣҲֻһѣȻЩƣʲͬɣ̻ϢһЩĻ
ͬʱȫ£ӭӷĵ
ꡱ
ꡱ
ƽɡһ˦ϵľٶǳǳζʱǸһĨ㡣
Ż
ǰܿվǰλüãı飬Ҳɽ
õλû÷ȥ
ԭλǸεģΣ£½ı£Թ͸Ͳܣ
Ƿθݹˡ
뵽˴˫ȭһ𺻮
ǧһ̧ʱ㽫ڵĺ㣬뵽ʲôԸ
ë˳סڵ
ϯͿʼɡ䣬ϯʼˣܿҲ輧˽
һʱ˿֮ڶǰ輧Ūˣþˮһһʱ󳼵Ŀ⡣
λδЩƣүδ𣿡
Ū̷ָڲ̫ܹܡ
̫ܹƳͷĪҪżүѾ·ˣǲ϶ġ
ϵŭࡣ
Ҳգ޾ٵȵȰɣһүǳٳٲӱ޻˵ûн޷
ϵľƱŭȾҲȥˡ
̫ܹһ㶣亹乣ſڵʲô±˰ɡ
һ£ſڱһɫӰ´£ǵɫӰԽԽʱ˲ſ˵ò
°׷ǰ״ǧϣ˫վ¿ü续˫ڵĮ·ʲô¶벻У˾Ϊˣһ
ŷε߽˵һ
ֽıЩƣҪȫͱѹˣɣǱ¾Ƿһȶûȡ
ڷνʱĭ˫ֲͽеľƱˡ
ÿӲۣܿеЩҲˣЦһӶѣʲôÿģ
ĭĿȴһֱڷת
Ŀбӣɫ죬˿ǲһϡ
¡һ˲ڵ
ǧһʱŽ˼˻ղżεʱЩ㱣ͬһ㣬оλֲʵ
ỽǷΣʲôΡ
ǧ򴽽ǣĿһֱڷתŲգ÷κÿ˼֣ϲƣƲ۾
ʵˣֲܽĭԵߵ뵽˴ǧвЩ
๫һ׸ô죿
ǧĿ̫ңλһ˲Ŀ⽻һ
һ˲·ʱ䶼ˣǧգգ۾һ޹ؿŶķΣͫԴһЩûµǧڴ˵أз⾪ȡ


813 Ҫ~

ǧеľȣ΢΢һš
죬ﾹȻҲᾪȴȵʵȤĽ
ǧϵı飬ϺӹһĨЦݡ
ζǵЦݣͻȻһĨȫûãҲͬõǹĺӣֻԿ۱ǳ
ˣҲã㹻˿˼ۺ󣬷ŲɫؽĿջء
磬ú˵ţԴ֮һŭ
˫һ̧鵭·Щ鵢ˣʶһЩ
ֻûطһʱ˫Ǻ죬һһƽ˹ЩˣɵԷ
εʲôҲû˵
ֻƣۣ񲻹˵ʲôʲô޷ġ
ηʱǳǳǧһۣȴܿ˻
ĭߵؽӣоڿԼˣơһԵĹ˵
ִžƺҡҷһȥ
üͷ΢壬Į£ҲϰƣҹδһԼɡ
ôɡüͷ޵磬Զ֣У޾ͻһһ⡣
ҡףڵ˫ȴǧһҪҼǱλСֵܳõ˳ۣΪưɣ
ˢˢǧȥ
һƽͷվܵõүѲͷ۲ɣ
ҲɵؿǧΪʲôȴû뵽ֻһҰСӶѣΪƫƫأ
ѲɣΪ˳ۣ
ָǧһǵʲô֣Ǻˣ
ǧæǰͨһڵأպյرµĻзʿƼҹӽãϣҲܹۿµǡ
ü˵ġ
Ŀ䵽ϣʵ˵ÿģ
ҲŹ£æǿڵǵı£λֵһʣŽϣ档
ˡһʵ£ƣΣ
ٴ˵ȻүҪ󣬲Ȼûκ⣬ܸүǷң԰ɣ
ǧɲպյģǵģźүǲңԸүơ
ڰ֣ûʲôֵĵطſ˵ǱȥɣСȾˡ
ǧͷСߵԣһЦڵүòΪơ
Щ¡
ζüۣһĨǳЦǸ֣Ѿͷݼ治
үȾơǧҧСĺܡ
νƱӹҲ֪ǲǹ⣬ָ⾹ֱϻ
ǧһʶ۾һۣүʲô𣿡
һﾹȻڴֱ֮ͥ£
ҡͷûʲôưɡ
ǧžƺվһߣоˮûˣָϡ
αͲϲȾƣ֮ҲͲˡ
ǧƺϣҲֵڣ˼ֽۣĿͶϣԽԽÿô塣
ܵĿ⣬δһȾž˫ˡ
ǧıһ˲Щ㱡
ãִƱζҺ壬ֻǻţûҪȵ˼ǧüһ˲侹֪Щʲô
Ƭ̣νƱ£ͷģùɾƱ˿Ҳ·һʥĹΡ
ĭǱߵôҲû뵽λҪһҰСƣǸҰСкεºΪƣ
оƱ֪ΪξһĨӿͷ
ĭ˫㱣ԭء
ȻһҰСӵĴףʵЩ˵ͨĭŬеǷݴͲѹȥԷֻһƽͷգһǸеģкξ壿
үʹйҸΪۣ㾹Сֵ˳ĭִƱµģһشˮӯӯ󣬡Сֵܻϱ޵ĸ֣ү̷ˡ
˵գĭǧȥ֪ԷǸӣһΣһĨʺ͵ӿֶ

ǧȴʶԼ˿Ӱ࣬Ϊĭȫǵ⣬Ϊðɣ
ʵ˼Ľĭβ˵ִžƱ΢΢һ¶Σûþͷ豭еľˮ£Ůүһ


814 ëëŵ

ûһۣڵ˫ڱ𴦣·ûκ˷С
ĭһȣյò˵ˡ
ЩƵģ㣬Ҿ˵Ǹүʲôö۰Ͱȥܵõʲôô
ҵ£ܡĭƱϣһɡ
űӣ֡
ۼĭǧһСĵ٩μ䣬ʦȻ飬˼һεεĹ˵㾹۶ûиѹ˼ҽСˡ
ַ֮ǳᣬᱻ֡
ȴǽĻףƱԵУ˲ûκβ벻޹أ㡱
ôˣǧűӣģЩ޹˫ͫʪģÿ
ֻúһҲЩƣԵŮ̸Ц㲻
뵽ĭЩһֱڣǧüв¶һĨɫȻһ˼Ÿһ١
㣬ˣƿŵ漴³
ǧü۵ʹɫЦЦû뵽ƯԺлιöİ취϶ʧġ
ĿԴüһ̧˳ëҲһΡ
ǧȴһ
οһۣƬֽ̺ĿͶ𴦡
֮ĽΣ˿̶û˷֣Ƿһֱŷεһһȴûзκ쳣˲ںȾƣһţ˫ڣпһ˲֪Щʲô
ҧһ˲侹Щۡ
˴ӲʲôɾǷݲ⣬޴֣Ҳƣ롣
Ƭ̺󣬷Ŀջأ輧ֻȻζ
˿̣һƺصڹ𣬽ţǡͨһ¹ɡ
үˡɣǹ⽫ƺ򷭵ġǧڵأպһԺȾƵķΡ
ղŽƺ˷üһ̧˫̶ôţҲ˵Ȼ֮
үˡɣĲǹġǧһѳסεĿţЩȻģſޱȡ
ûκϧ֮ɫɵĮǳû
ô£ţôö˶ˣ˾͹ڵˣ
ǧһС̧ҧһʱ侹˵
üһ˲֮¶˳㻰Ϊβػ
ǧһСͻȻһ󷢰ףŽëһһԼ£ǲСĽүľƺˣ²ĲǹģĲǡ
ָ⣬ǽҲ΢΢˰ɫ
ǧںһɫ㵱Ǻôĵӣ̷үô̷ģ
ǧſˮŵôҴ
ḧͷתͷΣʵ磬׼ôëëŵĶ
û˵ڵ˫һ
һֲĸоϮ
ǧպգһԲҶԡ
ĭӣ֪Ϊξ䴽Ц£ƽͷչƽͷգϲ̨棬Ȼүˣëë֮˾ӦýֽŶȥԺ󻹸Ҳëëš
䣬ĭһĨԹ
㡱šüƺЩͬ
ĭЦŰҪѣͷжύ٣αҪִƽͷգүͱҪһЩۡ
ĭüһ˵Ķ
Ŵ꣬һʱ侹˵Ļ
ĭع𴽰֪꣬Ϊǧȥڲ乴˷εעɡ
ƿĭ˵ع𴽰꣬ǸҰСҲˬܾˣܰҰСŪֶΪأ
ëëţȷӦֽŶȥȻԷڣĿ֮ƽһɫ磬ΪΣ
δǧȥ
ǧСҰףſǳү治ǹģ˲ɣ˲񣬲񶨽ţ㡣
üĿһû˵
ǧſˮֵøӺˣպյģҪקסεĿŹܣɼ鵭Įʼղҳ֡
ĵСУһЦǸûӵĶҪֽŶȥٽ䶪ɡ
֮ڣǶڿϷⱾһǿʳ磬˵ùǵȻֵڡ
Ĺɡǧŵ彩Ӳιȥ


815 ΪҪ

ˣֽŶȥһ䣬硣
һǸ˷ܡ
ûãһô󵶵佫˫ѪΪ顣
Ҫߵǧǰʱ򣬷ŽƱ££֮ϲ׼ѪǼѪֻ᲻
ôΪΣµʣƺЩѶϡ
ëŨȾһ⣬ȻյңǱ²˽ңȥԺԻὫ䴦ˡ
һת֪˵СûʲôݣƻΪܿǷεͬȻûͷ
һƽͷնѣҪǱҪˡ
ɡڰ֣һȵޱ㽫ⲻ۵Сӽ㴦ˡ
ǧͣСɲҰ׵ĺܡ
л¡ǳǳ
һתֵ磬ҪСӰһˣôã
δڵһɫ̧ܿɣǱɡ
ǧ˴ӵק𣬺ܿ˫־ͱסˣ˫޹ƽһĨɫǶ£ҽ˷εһۣĮվǱȥҶ
ǧһɵվһࡣ
ղŴƺΪסĹⰵ࣬ͽȥټҲѵһ˹´νҲ֪ҪʱȻŹ֮׵Ļᡣ
һ˼ǣ;ƺ򷭣ټԼԼݼܽƭȥʱ϶ΪһС֮ˣҪʱҲ룬ֱӾ͸ˡ
һٶЩðգȫĶˡ
һ𣬼ֱǼõġ
˷СٴοʼĭžƱ޺޵ضǧΪҰСӻᱻ˭֪·ת
Ҳ֪ҰСӾʲôõģξὫȥĭԽԽģɺݺݹԼھˮ
ǧһֽۣĿͶĭϣ㣬ȵ̫࣬һ˿ôã
ĭЦŲ˵
ҧҲĬ
ⳡ᲻ٰģΪشĵٰģеһ̫ܹܽǰĹƶ
һ˲֮䣬ƵζɢΧƽƣµЩΪˮɣҲûȵ
Ʊſˮ޲ýȫ¶ȥ
ЩǰĹƣҳ֣һȡ
Ǽ˵Ʊеһڹƣ¶ʱԶ೤ζá
þƣǺþơ
ƷˮĹƣζǲġ
ǧһϵĹƣ򴽽ǣͻȻ֮Щˣκ˫ֱţҲȲ
֪ʲô£ЩƵǲģҾạ̃Щƣܲҽƴȥȣ
üһɣҴȥƷɡ
δֱӽռָС
ǧľٶϲüңȥԺܺȵˡ
֪˶ãԶҩеƼ뵽˹Улһ޴Уһɹҩζ
ǧüŵĶȻոƳĵҩ
Ƽˡˣ䴽ЦԴƼʱü֮ȫɢǳ
Ƽңҩҡ
ҪͽǣҲ⣬ܵõƼҵ֧֣⽭ɽŻȹ̡
ƼƼҵȨ
ƼеĽнУ£ЩǳƳĵҩĿ
˵ʱƼĿ档
ЦЦ־ͽеĽд򿪣һ˲ͷĵҩӳУһЩյĻ֮ĸ߼ҩÿŶǸ߽ףƷҲھʮϡ
ЩҩÿһŶмУǳ
ƼȻǴ½ǿҩʦ΢΢ʧ񣬺һſ̾һ䣬ÿһŵҩΪ޺ϲ
Ƽ˷䣬ϲٺòˡ
һֵƼǿ飬ҩ½ĵһ¯ҩǸޣǿ޵Ұ
Ϊ·ǣǳҡƼ΢΢ü
Ц۽ǵȴǳοȥ
ִƱĿ΢ȻûƼ
ջĿ⣬һ䡣
ǧ¡üͷղɫУټϷЩۣԶ϶Щ˵ġ


816 Ƴϴ赤ҩ

Ƽҿ½Ȩ˵ƼΪҩҲ˵ƼǻģƼҵ֧֣˭Ҷ²
ղŵǷ۲ֹҫԼȫҲһʾã÷βҪ
ĺܲң
䶯˺һֿڵƼ˵һʧѾõĵҩʲôϴ赤ɣ
Ƽ鲻䣬ǡ
ɻƣ򴽽ǣܵõϴ赤ϴ跥֮ʵҲһ¥
ϴ赤ƿţһЩʲôܶҩ
ơƼҡҡͷ̾˿ƺЩź
󣬲Щʧǻǿϧˡ
ƿ˴ͷɿһ£Ƽ֮ôܲϴ赤ҩ
е䷽ҲƼдģƼȻ˵Լϴ赤ҩǹѣ飿
ƿƣһʱֻǷϴ赤ҩ䷽Щ죬˵һȻҧ˫ĿƼת
ƼʱпڵŮĭоϴ赤ٹЩʱӦþо˰ɡ
ƿʶĭȥô°Ƽѵ治ϴ赤
ƿɻ֮ʱͻȻվһͻȻƳϴ赤ҩ˵Ȳϴ赤ҩżЧǲġ
һ˻Ȼ
ϴ赤ҩ
ƼҵӾȻƳϴ赤ҩ
Ҳ˵ƼҵճŮĭҪˣ
ſˮǶϴ赤ҩĿܵõϴ赤ǵʵ϶ܸһ¥
ʱĭƼҲ㶡
úƼ֮Ҳ˸һŭϴ赤ʧĶƳģ
ĭҲûаսⶫƳһССͣ
ûк˵Ľϴ赤ҩƳˡǰ˫֣ȫûһ˵ѵĺۼǲţоһƿϴ赤ҩ㲻һ棿
Ƽ۾ù
һСƿȡƿһЩɫҺ壬ҺڵƻӨ⣬ɷǺÿ
ƼǰҺ壬鲻Щ㱣ֻһ۱ܿҺ̲صûģĻϴ赤ҩ
һӾͣ
ƼЩţ־ͽӴˣһ˲䣬ҩŵζֻһţ˾ȫĽǶ˲٣ȷϴ赤ҩɡ
ƼеƿӣЩţⶫƳģ
ǵģ̧ŵЦ⡣
Ƽ򴽣˿̲ſƼӣһעĭһȣȻƳϴ赤ҩĭҲδܽϴ赤ҩƳ
ѲɣǱĭҪ츳ߣ
ܲƼһŬһЩȡòСĳɾ͡
лЦɢ
ĭˣ˫ŤһССӾȻƳϴ赤ҩⲻͷϲ
ƫƲҧ޿κε̾һ
Ƽ⵱ϴ赤ҩ𣿡ŴǣЩһ䡣
ر£ϴ赤ҩƼſ˿ڣϴ赤ҩȻûеҩЧãǷ¶Ҳкܴİһ֮ʵҲ½ˣ³׳ƿҩ¡
һȵþ仰
Ƽϵ½ˡϲЦտҩ£Ƭ̺ŲƹƳϴ赤ҩǳ½͸ſ
˸ЦˣƳϴ赤ҩҲֻöѡ
ЦϵոƹӣͲҪԷƱˣʧѾõϴ赤ҩƳģ½һˣ
һһ漴һĨӿͷҲЩƮƮģл¡
Ҫʹ㡣鼫ãҲΪ˳˼֣½ּ
ּһ󼤶̿ˮšͨһ
еϴ赤ҩһǿڵƼ츳ڣƳϴ赤ҩʹͽҰ򣬲Ϊǳմˡ
һٴλȻ
ǳ֮λһֱȱţλˮ㣬λӣΪȡòٷǱΪ»Ὣ֮λĭȴû뵽ǰװױ


817 ˵˭

ҲģҰҲͰˣȻܵǳζû뵽ġ
ˣһʱҲ˸˵Щʲô
ǲ޵ʹ𣿡üѡ
Ȼͷϼԣл£ݳּ
ЦЦְڰ֣ȥμɣлᣬϣƳϴ赤ҩ
¼ҩ䷽ҲаǻûʼƣȵʱƳĵλһ¥
ŬҩƳġ˷䣬ԺŻصλϡ
ƿŻȻѣղŷʲô
ΪҩȥܵõʹͣܳΪǳҩãƼҲеҩΪβó
ƿԼ˼ʮֻӬһܷǳǸҩƳģ͵䷽ѡ
ܽ˵ǲǾܵõҪˣ
ƿָ⣬ͻȻһĨ嶯
üۣ֪ЩʲôڣѹȰ½ֻҪ˵ѣʱŭὫι㵱治£
ι
ƿŵûñɡ
üЦֵǳ˵ЩҲĻһǧַȥ
ƿ̿ˮһʱ䲻˵ˡ
ϲ㣬㾹ȻǵĳĭҲû뵽㾹Ƴϴ赤ҩصҲ̫ˣǰֶû͸¶
ЦЦĿת㣬ϴ赤ҩҲոƳģΪ죬ҲҹߣֱųҼϴ赤飬̲סⶫóҲ벻»ҵʱֻñ¸ƼҶѡ
ǺǡĭЦһ㲻˵
ָ⣬˵Ҳһ䣬ѾǳˣȻгƣ
ƿվһԣ˫ࡣ
ŵǧı龡۵ף𴽽ǣЦζ
䷽˳Ϊ˳ƿֻҪˣɱһ˰ˡ
ϧˣĵ̣һҩʦȻɱ
ֹһĻˣĭҷ˵һ뵽֮λģЩƣֱ˦ˡ
ǧıӰЦŵ٩һ䣬װĴʦ˼ҹΪûܵϳˣͲȥοһ£
οһۣʲôû˵Լߡ
ǧ죬ɵظ
뿪ԺСţǧ̲סỽһʦҵ˫ֺۣ㲻ɿ𣿡
λӳ¹µ˫ڣһ˵ɣȥ˵Χкö˶š
ðɣۡǧգգ۾ζ
ֻúһʲôҲû˵ܿջĿǰ
ǧǱ˱죬һڷҲ֪˶ãŻصſڡ
ʱѾ򿪣ҹվ⾲Ⱥλ
ۼѾҹӭȥӣˡ
ǳǳӦһ̤˹ڡ
ҹһΣܿͿ󻹸һˣһżªֲµ꣬ͷʹ˫Ҳţһʱ˿ò
ҹ۾˼֣ӣŵ˭
λȥ˵ɡ
ҹ֪ĹǣҲʲôҲˡ
ǧʼ磬ȥԺ̧¿ţܿͷֹڵĻþģʵʺϷξס
ֿ˼ۣŽĿ˻
뵽ʱҹֳǧ˼ۣԽԽСЩ죬Ķһƫ벻
ҹ򴽣棬ӣ˵˭ΪҪӰţ
Ǳʹ͵ΣշӰɣ
վڴ룬û˵
ǧϣЦװĴʦΪλɰѲɣϲĵҲϲҾ˫ֺ۰
β˫ҲһΡ
ҹСӵϷԼӣһ飬Сʲôͷô
񣡡ҹһ
ǧνʼ磬СƦһЦ˵ҫʲôңãҾˣΣ
ҹҧûСʵ
ӣʵҪҪ¡


818 ϲ󰡣

ҹĻҲδ˵꣬ͱδϣȥɣ˽
ҹ˵Щʲôɼᶨǳ˵ЩʲôҲ޲ˣҧҧֻӲͷƤȥ
ܿ죬ھʣǧͷˡ
ǧദˣƦƦĴһڣٴεЦӴʦ֧ߣ뵥Ļ𣿿Ҵ˿˫ֶţôأ
ξʲôҲû˵
ǧü˫֪ˣ֣ǿģԲ԰ʦ
û˵֡
ǧһֱ̧ǰߵߵʱֱϡ˼ڣС۵ģȥио˶Сү׼ڡ
Ǳɫԣǧ˲仯ΪǣֱӺһˮ
׹ˣǧһզզͣζÿΪβֵһɾ͸жûС
ǧԴ񲹳ŮϷеĳ˲Ц˻
֪ЩʲôĶͷЩε˿Դƣ㵽Щʲô
ǧüʦؿζ˿Դ֮ҾˣѲø㣿
֣βüͷҲЩ˵˵
ǧʼ磬һðɣ˵Ͳ˵
ҵη䣬ǰ档
ǧ˫ɱţżڷӻڵתĴΧķ羰
ܿ죬˾˷С
ģҲܴס´ࡣ
ʦķ仹󡣡ǧͷ㣬һסҲǿԵģʦǲǹѡģһס
ɫһΣкβɡ
ûʲôãҷȻҪסһˡǧһ˲ֱεɫסˣҼҷþǺÿֲûὫĭԵߵ
̾һûκιϵ
ǧüƮƮ֪뵽˴ҵķҾǲİò绨ķֻܸƣǶ࿴һۣҪܵͷġ
ֻͷǳԼҲǷǳҪģáʦۡǧ죬˵һ䡣
ο֪ǼװģҲû
ǧǰֱԵڴϣЩΣˣòٹˣ㾹޶ԣҺİ
ۣš
ǧգգ۾ʪľС¹һĺ۶ˣ㲻ϲʲôɣҪ㽫ҵҲ
붼̼ǧ˫ӨϸһȴƷζ
֪ʲôؿζ飬̾һҲϲʲôۣҾͰɿ
ˣɿǧڴϹһȦһֻƤС
ܲסֿӣɰûþͽɿˡ
һõͷţǧһЦֱקŷεڽ˵ڴϣʦ˶ҵϷһ£ɺã
䣬ֱӸ
⧲ͱס˫
ǧֻСһڷ˫Ͽҧ֮ŽηſԴؿŷκ׵Ĵꡣ
ģ񱻵ϷСϱһ˲ߢ
ʦ㽿ߣǼÿġǧ֣ʶһѣָл̲ס˺ü¡
ţʲôҲû˵ŷƢ
ǧֹ֮󣬲Щȱȱص
üͷһ壬ʵΪΣ
ղļΪģôתͷ˵ˣ
ȾɻôҲ벻ס
Ҳֻǧ˼ˣθὫ˷
ǧǳǳһЦֵڴ䣬ЦΪһҲţҲһɾ͸жûС
ǧëҲԺкκ˵ҪҪĳֻüǳڵѪҲӿ
֣ţʲôأ
ǧҡͷ˫֮һĨϸʱһĨһûûʲô
üЩŹ֣ѾͷʲôĻ̾һһֱӽѹ£ۣڵһ籩ֻҪһ۾ܽ룬Ҳ磬ʾƣ
ɫɤȴƶһĨЦ
ǧգգ۾Щ΢ؿϵķΣЦ˾ȻǷΣ
˫еĲ˼ÿҪʦ٩ĺЩҶۡ


819 

һ˵ۣһæǴ漴ִϣδ̥Ϊλۣ
ǧһתʲôҲû˵ǹ˵ģ˵ĹʵǿԼмܲס
û̥Ǳˡ˿û׷ס
ǧʼ磬ֳοȥֻӺÿˣô
ο˵ɿʵڻþе׷ʲôΪѪѪȻˣ
ǧգգ۾Ťͷŷţô֪ҾѪѪ㲻½𣿡
οתһĨ࣬ѪѪ죬ձɫĹâȾҪֶѡ
ǧɫһ䣬˳Ĭ
ѪɫǺܶ˶ˣ
ôڰǲҲƼˣ
뵽˴ǧĲһ£Ǳڰ֪ˣԺ᲻ܲƽڰ˻᲻ϹԲ̡
뵽ϹԲ̣ǧοȥȻѾˣôϹԲ̿϶Ҳղͬˣڰ˻᲻ᣬ
ߵġֵ㻹ûлشҵ⡣
ǧ΢㶣Żþշȫ˵˳ֻþħޣѰҵϹŻ֡
Ժ󣬲˫ͬҹĻ޲˲֪Щʲô
֮Ƕ˶ԲʱߣħԻ㣬㵱ʱûоѪѪָǺã
ٴγĬڵȾһʹࡣ
ǧ󣬲ͷḧţ㲻ⲻǺúûеֻӸѣʲôȥ룬ϧǰǸ𣿡
㵱治ңšü
ǧһ֣ؿڵˣһҲ㣬֪𣿡
ֻǻ֮ůǳһһĨǳЦߣͬڵĶѩ˷ǳ
ǧڣֻԼĻǿ챻ˣâбĿ⣬ΣҸ㿴ϹŻֿɺãѾˣһƯɫ
εá
ǧʹܿϵħ
ৡһɫĻڵϸߣһ˲â䣬յùâ䣬ҫ۷ǳνе棬ںһɫ
ϹŻ֡οڣϣ˲ͽ˫ճĵͨ͸Ե÷ˡ
ǧÿĲЦÿ𣿡
ÿֺ
ǧЩЩʱ򣬲ŽеĻϵħֱ汻ڲűԭӡ
ϹŻǳҲкܴİοǧֵúʹã֪𣿡
ǧ󣬲ͷ֪ˣҶʹõġ
ɣͷḧţ֪˱á
ǧﴽǣŷεΣھ˵˵£ĭô£
֪ʣ붼ûͽ֮ľ˵˳
ǧ˫ȭգüĿ֮Ҳһŭšüͷ˼ǣĲģǱĸŪģ
εɫ
ǧֿ򣬵ûûȸ½λģɷλˣ᲻ʹüı˼ƽڴˡ
οüۣɲ
ǧ°ֵͣ˵ϴηۺҾĭͷڻ˵ʲô¶ʱҾ;òԾʹ˼ơ
΢㶣㿴ˣ
ǧЦŵͷһƼң˵Щû˳һЩȥϷۣ˴η۾ǣʱ̸δǡ
εɫź࣬û֣Ǿͺá
ǧָ⣬ֵ񣬷㻢񣬶أ뵽Ըķ𣿡
δ˳ĽëȾŵƻľӨÿұΪʱܽ鴦ˣ˭֪ǻ˲ʱ䣬δá
ǧҲЩ˼飬Ǽ𣿡
̧ڵƻµ˫İұѾȫãͨ飬ƼЩͬѰƼߵֻֽҲѲϵ´ݾ߾һֱûж
ǧ󣬲۾Ƽһ壬ʲôͬѰ֮


820 С˭

һ䣬ǧͻȻ뵽¥󣬺¥һ߾߿ֲĻˣѲɣ˵ıֲѰ
һ࣬ҲЩƣ˵ֻ˵֣ʲô֯Щϵ
ǧһʱҲЩ㱣ŵΣǰЩҲμһҩʦᣬڽϷ˺Щֵ飬˵Ƽйء
¡üһ䡣
ǧϷȫ˵˳˰¥ڳֵ˰¥ƼҵĹϵֻҪľͺ
󣬲°˼˼Ƽҿڰйأ
ǧͷǵģ¥󣬽϶ҪѺЩʱ䣬Ǹ˼ȻǱӶôֵ¥ˣȻ˼⣬ŸôһƼҿܺͺڰйء
˵ǧֵҲ͵ͨΪʲôƼ֡
ЩβǳǳģƼҩңǶڰϵֻҩвټƷҩһԶԸ
ǧҲЩѿûղƼƳ˲ټƷҩڰṴһ𣬶ɴ
γࡣ
ǧҧټƼҸι̣Ҫ⵹ֻ²ס
»δȷƼͶ˺ڰᣬǼˣĳˡνͷڶ󣬡ƾ²ǲеģҪ֤С
ǧ󣬲ЦŵͷҲԣЩ黹Ŭ֤УδǾԼԼʵǲȡġ
Цͷ
ǧڹâתõճ¥ڵ˻˭أ
Ļɶ󣿡š
ɶƿǧѩǧֵڴ䣬ţǵվ¥УҶе⣬ټǸ˶ҼΪϤҸҿ϶мһ
ξ
ǧǣֵ¥ƼҵģҾ;ƿĿԺܴ󣬷أ
ƿ΢һжϵһƿɵȷܴ󣬵Ҳų˹ģԣǧѩԾû
ǧգգ۾һζŷΣһΪǵʥŮѣû뵽ٴλ˼ʥŮһƬģľֽ
ǧѩԲȡξûĵ٩һ֪ԼѪѪŻʲô·ӣҾûǵöעһ¡
ǧǾЩͦ
ǰεĸ߹ţֻ࣬Ҫ϶ԼĲ飬Ƕɶħټǧѩӱ͸߰ǿ˱ǿ
ôһ˵ֻصԭķˡ
˶зǳɣúúǧ̾˿ǧѩѧԺһȹ۲ƿˡ
ɡЦЦҪô۲죿
ǧˮգȥƼ̽̽ҵӡ󻹲
ҵˡ֣ǳã㻹ԸصƼ𣿡
ǧ󣬲˼ҲǣұϾƺˣ»ҪҵֽŶˣҴ˻ֱӽҷߣŷЩʲôʱֻ»ЩѰ졣
ι˹ıӣЩµģԣ㰲Ĵɡ
ɡǧЦűסεĲӣ˵ҲкЩûˣҹģ𣿡
һ٣Ƭ̲˵룬ÿ춼ڡ
ǧһִ˴ļ㻹˵ˡ
ǳǳһЦȴǲ
˵һǺ˯ˣ˵ڶ̫˲
ǧ۾˯ķʱֻͷ㣬ԭЩտģ˿ȫˡ
ƺܵעӣҲĺڵ˫ǡӿһ㷱ǣÿǳڿЩʲô
ǧǰ״ֻЩԣڿ㣬ÿ
䴽ǰһǡ
ܵȶȣǧͷһֻȫҲһӣ쳣
ʱһ
˴ӴٴԺ󣬷βų˵һ䣬ɡ
ܿ죬ҹŽˣԼӻδЩĲ£ϾʱˣټǸͻСӣ͸޷ġ
ȥԺҹΰģ˿
ڲͷʱȻǸͻСҲڷη


821 ˷ĺܡ

ҹˣȻԭء
СӵʲôˣΪλڷηУ
ѲɣСӾһֱ
˯һˣ
һ뵽ֿܣҹ˶ˣӲǶԷһ𣿿ΪζСӹĿ࿴Ѳɣˣıζˣ
ҹæǽлҵ뷨ʵӣСֵܵ˭ΪλͻȻķУ
ҹ򴽣Щؿǧ
ǧЩЦ𴽰꣬ҹǽʲôС˰ɡҹղ㾹ǽҲˣ
Ϥҹٴһ˼سǧȥһʱҲЩ죬ֲջСЩϤԭǷ˰
ȻǷˣҹЩϲ㲻ѧԺôͻȻˣջǱӰģ
һ˵ҹɫ仯ͣѲɣã
֪ЩʲôǧŴһЦҼǻص½ǣ˭֪ǶڻʹſôవţҲֻҵķӲһʱûϳ
ҹЩشͷ
ǧЦЦûϳֻ˵ݼãһҲỳʲôҾһıˡ
˵ҹȭͷЩѿǸͷŪôవǹڼǡ
ΪζвǧЦͻȻڷϷҼҷÿͷִʵ϶쳣ģ˭Ҽҷ̫ء
οЦá
ҹ󣬾Ǿ÷еЩŭҲˡ
ĬƬ̺ҹֵӣȻˣǶǵжаϾô
βúŵȳȥԷɡ
ɡҹѾ׼ˡ
ڵѾ߱Ͳ࣬Ѿȫǲɢˣʣҹһźţˣξͦá
Ÿߵͷһҹɫͺ˲٣ӣ϶ĭˡ
ǧҪ֣ȴҹ˵üˣҲ˵Щĭһֱˣδȱϯ
ҹ֪Լʧԣͷ
ɫ䣬ǰһֱ˷ĺܡ
գǧЦȻķԲģǿͳɡ
ζĿ⣬бµͣǲڿּʱиɶԸˡ
ǧɴ죬Ȼ޳ܣͶŪˣ
εͷ
ԣһҪĭŪˣǧüһĨˬ
ٴεͷ
ǧһЩ⣬Σ뽫ֻͣԵʲôҪͣûţ
˼ζţƣҪģҲϣ
ǧ򴽽ǣ뵽ǸPlayЩ͡
Ȼյһ޳ܣҡ
Ц
ҹ룬㻽ĭ
ĭԺһ˫ֱڷϲţѾ˷εɫУöû˵
ʹȫûϡ
ǧµؿĭһЦһ
ĭתʱſǸСվڷֱߣȥɷģȫûһ㱻ѵήҡ
ˣĭȵüû뵽ҰСӾȻܻãţүֱߵǸµƽͷգ㲻ҪȥѵΪܺö˶վ
ǧüһ̧µؿĭ
жװ磬ô˵ǰ
΢΢̧ĺڵһ˵˭ĵӣ
ĭβ˵ЩգˣΪλȲεһҪܵõε
үΪβ˵ĭÿ£ֲĵһ䡣
ûпһۡ
ǧֵڴ䣬̾ĭһϯɫۣ㽿۵ɫĵСҲ
ݾ·βͣ˼Ҳôˡ
ĭɲ˵ЩҲסȴ䴽Цţֵүڳ緹ŮΪ˸緹ûгԣܲЩ
µĶһ٣һЩϲ
𣿡ĭգգ۾ﲨ𣬺ÿ쳣үŮ𣿡
Ÿĭһۣ˫䣬ܽ˵Ļ룬Ƭ˶ҲǲСĽƺ򷭵ģҼ˳ۣźţСòף


822 챻ˡ

ȻˡĭۣɤдһĨʣһƽͷնѣ̷үҴëëŵģǸү鷳ôã
лСģ£зִ硣䣬ü۵ʹҲĭһۡ
ĭһ£˵һ仰
ģãҲãȴƫƫȲһƽͷգΪƽͷܵõүȴԣ
ĭҧгݣһ˲֮еŭкҲһЩүȻµһҲˡ
û˵ȫûС
ĭ˿ҲգһŵȻүô˺ãŮҲ˵ʲôˣŮ»ЩˣͲЩ𣿡
û˵ĭΪĬˣŮһǧ¼ȻүϵСˣǾȥ׼һɣҶˣ߳緹
ǧЩЦ˻ԼŮˣ
ʹ
ǧָ⣬һЦЦؿĭ
ĭɫһ࣬ȻһС˶ԸˣǷγòʵҲᵽ˴۸
ʵ̲סʶүСʵЩŮ׼һ꣬ȻŮһۣŮðɣ۸ڶС˾Ƿѵ
ǧǺЦ
Ƿѵ
ү㵱治ѵѵСˣĭġ
ν˫ָڴϣҽѵ
ĭ󣬲չ¶ЦգǰС˾͸ýѵһ
üһɫˣֻҵķԸ¶ѡ
үķԸĭɻգգ۾
⾲ȴӿǳҲδӦС³Էҵ׼꣬ûеõҵķԸȻͲˡ
ҵǧһЦؿŷΣԽԽ˵ˡ
ǧĸˣĭȴǱ˫࣬ҧ˫ʱ˫ҲòҰ쳣ү˵㲢δ³Է
ǡε
ĭ죬ؿ뷢쭣ŷεݣֻܽͷүŮ뵽ջһЩ飬ͲˣȸŮ
վ뿪ü֮ȫŭôҲ
ûãĭӰʧǰǧ˫ֻأֵߵߵЦΣ㵱ǰ㲻棬˼һεСﶼ챻ˡ
β΢˵Ļұ㲻
ǧֻһĨůϮÿ£ֹ˹ָЦΪŶ˵ôصĻģ
εüۼᶨ
ǧЦ˼ڣΣ㻹ǻ̡
°ͣɤ繣ţֻ㡣
ǧõ߻أһʱ侹֪ںηϲ˵˵һɣ
ḧŪϲ㻤㣬ϲ𣿡
ǧһ죬ţҲϲġ
䴽Цøá
ҹʱ㿴ԼˣһҲЩмܲסʵЩ£Щ˵ֶνڷϵģ˾ҪҲûá
ӣĭѾȥˡҹһ䡣
εͷȳ緹ɡ
ĭһߣ˾θڣûһͽ緹ȫԹ⡣
ǧŷεָ⣬ǿʵ»δ̽Ƽҵ϶ǲܶˣ¸ΣԴ𣿡
ҡҡͷüĿ䣬ʲôϣ֪ƼڳкüӣЩӵУһΪ֣ƺĳ֯ף̽鱨Ǽ֡
ǧ°ͣ⵹Ǹ⣬㱻ôవţ˦ǳȥ𣿡
ȻǿԵġ˵ţЩûй
ǳȥ䣿ǧһƣЩ
ͷװһɡ
ǧ˲Ц绨á
ҲŹ𴽰ꡣ
װ֪֮˹ʱԺϴ赤ҩƾҩȡ˳֮λܼӽƳҩȨλӿҵĿ࿴
ʲôƼҴС㣬ƼֻҪӾ͹򴽽ǣģЩ񲣬䷽ϵҩȫȡȻСʼ
ƼҼҴҵ䷽дŵǧѩ˵ƼĶҪж٣ʧܶٴҲûϵ


823 ǲӺҵģ

Ϊͷһҩʧܡ
ûзƵڶΡ
ɵڶʧܡ
ƵΣĴֱڶʮԺ̱ˣҧŲ鲻Ըͣ
е䷽дһЩɻ󣬡ܰ䷽ˣΪγٳƲ
ֳ䷽˼ۣɻǳ˵ϴ赤ʧҩ䷽֣ټҵ츳һ¯Ʋڶ¯϶ҲһЩͷµ˵ڶʮ¯ûյκξ裬⾿ôأ
ҧʱЩ׽͸
һŲ׼Ƽ¯ҩɵҪҩݵʱȴڵڲţͺʲôһ
󾪣ŵֳһŲڵţԴԴϵģľս
Ϊλˣ
ҩʱӲᷢɽգΪλᷢ
˫ղҰףЩֲ⾿ô¡
ϸϸŽյһУȴûзʲôףֻ˼¯ϴ赤Ѱ˵ϴ赤ͷһ£Ѳϴ赤⣿
ͷӿ䷽ִϸϸһ飬ȴûзκβ֮˵䷽ûʲô⣬̫ˣ
ڵţŪ
ɣ
ԲȥˣҵԴУ
ҧһЩϴ赤ϵĲʿʼҩݣҩݴͿʼơ
տ¯ʱеŵĸˡ
һ⣬ҪŪ߶
ɱסɫףȴ޷ֹţִǰĺˮŹ䣬ȴҪӲһ
죬ô죿ǲҪˣ
вźƾһȻϵĻϵħ˻泷룬ֻо˲٣ȴˡ
ϲһϵ䷽ֽٴη
䷽Ȼ⣬Ϊʲôôأ
°ͣԺкƿ۾Ҳһ£ѲɣƿģŪ䷽Ŀľݽ߶
ˣһӣŭⷺġ
ˣƿӴԸһ䡣
С˵İЧʺܿ죬ͽƿ˹
ƿ滹ûʶΣһ䣬ƹк£ԣڸĽƳˡ
˵иǲ
üеŭԣˣ˭ĵӣҼӺӣ
ƿһ±ƣʲôӺҸ֪˵ʲô
ǲв
ǰδƿ淴Ӧʱֽ°Ϳסˣˣҳϣ㵱ΪúŪ𣿡
ƿ汻۵ۣŰСҲЩϵĺۼϸһƣŤƹӣҵ治֪˵ʲôǺú˵ֲ𣿡
ЦŰɿɣھҪνƱ硣
ƿԼʱ۵ѳݵġ
ۣ챻ˡ
ƹӣ֮ǲʲô᣿ƿʹһ䣬һֱعأкĵ
û˵
ƿֱֹҧҧֵƹӣҵûκκ˼ǲ˭£Ҫ޻ͷϰ
Ϊʲô˭Ҫ޻㣿ָıӣŭš
ƿ汻Щ£ʲô֪ƹӣ㲻һЩʾ
ߣһҵĵҩ䷽ǲǶʲôֽţ
ʲô˼ƿԾЩ£ʲô䷽ҶֽţǷ䷽ǧȷģб¶ֽţ
ǡЦһȻ㲻ϳϣǲ¯ҩԡ
ϴ赤ҩ
ƿ治̿ˮҲƵҩģϧûǧѩֻܸţȻϴ赤ҩˣ
ƹӣ㵱Ҫŵҩƿƣ˫ģͷҲһĨ˷
ɡ˫ֻأһ𺡣
ƿûע⵽ɫѱϲȡֻ¯ҩ棡
ҾƼ¯
ƿƣڵЦŨæִϵҩݿʼַͦģȴûʲô˼ȥ
ûãƿͽҩݶ뵤¯Уϵħ
ϵĻ棬üŮ˾ȻǻϵħʦС˵Ƶ¯ʱƿȫԾˣʲôһ
ȥݽ߶


824 ѳƼҵġ

죬⵽ô£
ƹӣҺЩԾƿϵĲʣڵⲻͣܣҾÿҪݽ߶ˣȾҰɡ
ţȫûһҪֵ˼
ƿҧɫ˼֣ƹӣȾңֻҪܾңʲôԡ
˫ֻأɲΪ
ƿľþȫǰĵ¯˳ȥʱһ뿪¯;Ǻܶˡ
ƿڵأЩʧؿڡ
ղŵô£
Ϊȫĸоýе¯Ʒֻ¾ͳһʬɡ
ƿҧЩ¡
ʱһ˫ɫЬǰ
ƿһ㶣̧ʱ㿴֪ʱߣҧ˫Щ£ƹӣղŵô£Ҿȫûˡ
һֽ°ͣɭǲǾһһ룬Ҫݽ߶ˣ
ǰƿԾЩ£ƹô֪ģ
ΪҸղҩʱҲָоҧгݣĿҪɱϴ赤ҩʱƿ棬˵ǲǹģȥ
ûСƿ󺧣֪ΪλˣԭΪ䷽顣
ûʲôֽŰȫ֪ġûУüĿһ䷽ҵģ㣬˭ܶⶫֽţ
ûСƿһ࣬۾ĶҪˡ
°ͣҪ°飬ûУѲɻԼԼˣƿ棬ҿһѵǲ˵ʵˡ
ûУûСƿޣСװ׵ĺò
㵽˵˵ʵֳסͷҪͷƤơ
ƿʹ˫Ťƹӣ䷽ҲҴģƼҵˣдµ䷽ԲдƹҪңûжʲôֽţ䷽ԭ棬ǡ
ƿ뵽ܣͷɿһ¡
ʲô
ƿ򴽽ǣСǣдҵʱǷ䷽ǴģƼҵΪҪһݴ䷽
ɾ֪ЩӲûκƼȥѧԺܼƼҵˣֻۣʵΡ
ôܣ
ƿ˫ԲϵۣŽѧԺЩӵ鶼˵һ飬Щϴ赤ҩ˵øǻɫ
ֻرá
ϴ赤ҩĳˣ
ôһҲûУ
˼Ǹϴ赤ҩһϮ£ͷң˿òܾЩԾ
ƿͷ
ƼҲû˭Ƴϴ赤ҩ϶Ū˾֪Ĭġ°ͣǸ˱ͲʲôƼˣΪ˱ֻܻѳƼҵġ
ôᡱƿ澪һ
ʲôģһۣûӵĶŻΪƼҵˡ
ƿҧҩַĺܺãƼˣ˶ңһǧѩŽ䷽Ūġ
Цֻ¾ҪǧѩŻͬȥǸʱ΢¶һ֣ǾͻԹԽ͸һݼٵ䷽
ƿЩ㱡
ǧѩһż䷽㰡Ǳƭˣһƭúòҡƹӣ¸ûκιϵҲܺߣҸղҲˡƿ޿䣬ģĺܡ
̫Ѩֻķң죬ˡ
ƿţǱŲˡ
䷽ǼٵģҲûκüֵˡתڿһƿҪôԹԹѧԺȥҪôѾߣһ˾ͽܸҵأ
ƿɫףҲڲ˼š
˴ΪܵõƼǾʹ˻ȥ׻ԼʧеЩϸǻῴԼ
ƿ˼Ƭ̣ŵҲƹӣﵱѾҲߣұصҪһɾͲܻȥ
վЦţǳɣ͵Ѿ߰ɣһ㰲ŸѾ߷գȥԺϴ·ɡ
ϴ·
Сϴ·
ô㲻ˣӸ
ûƿӣģԸȥϴ·
ڰ֣Ȼˣ°ɡ
ƿ渣˸šü˳ȥ
Ǳ֪˭䷽ֽţĲ˴


825 ĵ

ŵǧһ磬ҲЩ죬̵ġ
˹ˣ˵
ǧӣ¶ɻ󣬡ܸоʲô˵һҲ֪˭
ǧȫ֪ԼϹд䷽Ȼ˵ˣֻΪҩ˭֪ûô̬
ôˣͷһ䡣
ģ̌ӳµ˫ӨǳûʲôǸоʲô˵һŪҶⶼЩ̣ЩƣǲЩˣ
δһһЩ죬ܿȥˡ
ǧԼĶ䣬˵ЦҾðɣƿ淢Ҹ䷽Ǽٵģء
ӣǲɵ϶Ҳ䷽Ǽٵˡҵʱڲصĺܺãܷ֣ҲֻܿͷˡǧЦɶʱ
ͷ磬ȥǡ
ǧһ˵Ǽ
ԶϾ͵ˡǰ˫¡
ܿ죬˾һǰͣģ̌˿Щס
ǰӼΪݻƼҾܽװɹĸоֻվͷһ˵Ĵ̲סҪȥһ̽
Ƽңӻ治ǧüһ̶ֵȿȻʹ
ο棬ȥɡ
ǧ̧ž͸ȥ
һ뵽棬ִϯǧ΢򴽰꣬Ÿһ̤뵽棬;ЩͬѰȴ˵һȻ
ΣҾӺЩ֣ɾ֣˵ǧšüƺЩ״̬
Ĵ˵ɡ
ǧͷá
˴˿̶Ŵֲ£Ҳһװ磬ƽޱȣֶڴ϶ע͡
ǧߵһǰֽһöҩȡϸһŵҩǼƷ
߽ףƷʾʮϣɫҲǳ
һżƷҩӦƼƳġǧŵҩŵҩעļ۸񣬲û죬ʮڽң
ǧӿ˺ü飬ֱȷʮڽԺһꡣ
ʮڽôȥǧѹһ䣬ֵҩ˵ϲ࣬᳡ǻּŵģ㵤ҩᱻͷļ۸Բᳬʮڡ
εͷͬ˵
ǧ򴽣ֵʮڽҼֱ֣˭ȫļҵһŵҩӿţҲֻƼҵӵǻˡ
䣬ͽҩźãһŪ⣬òôǮ
ƼҵӲûлδյ˵š
ǧº棬ô˵
οڣˮҹ͵͵ȥӵܺãЩҩȴ򣬶˲ֻһö˺öö࣬ҪӶͿˡ
ǧ¿⣬˵еĴ
ⲻܰɣǧšüʮڽҲҪͿһļҵˣ˴õó
ü࣬ҲҾֵĵط
ⲻ֣̫˰ɡǧҧŴҲ˻ɵỨǮ뵤ҩҪô൤ҩʲô
ҡͷ֪ҹ鵽ÿ¶ҩ
ÿ£
ǧŴֻ׵Ŀԣ˾ôң¿ֵܵϺü˰ɡ
ǺüңҲİɣ
ǧֻò˼飬־ֵĺܣûܣӣĵҩͼ۸ֻһӣĿľΪ˵Ǹ˵Щĵҩˣ˵ҪǮȴûг൱ƼҸģƼôӣ϶нתӣʱֻҪ΢޸һ˱ȫˡ
οǧЩϲ˵úпܣҲԾ⡱
ǧ䣬ÿҪô൤ҩǣкεطҪõô൤ҩƼҲĺͺڰϵɣ
еİɫһֻǲ²ˣƼֻҪúһˡ
Ǹúú١ǧһ
дһȴʲôҲû֣ȱȱֻ뿪
·ϣǧһ䣬Σ֪˺ʱȡҩ
룬ŵÿʮɡ
ÿʮţ
ǧһӣٿ˫һǾţʮ廹գպǺβȥ˾˭


826 һƬ

ȷˡǳ˵ţͬ
ǾͳЩӺú׼պٷǧ֣ŷεСָͷҲ
εá
ڳϹһЩ뿪
֪صԺ˸شȥЩȴҹɫЩ˻ҵĹһæӭȥ
ǧҹĲԾʵҹ˺ʱ㽹ǣ
ҹյֽչӣȸ½˵ѧԺиȱڣǸȱҲ֪ôˣħڣѧǶڷֿħ̫֧࣬Ԯ
ʲô
ѧԺоȱڣ
ҲѧԺдü£δʲôȱڣô£
Σǧʡ
ҹڣ˵ġ
ǧæŶȥûãüͷšʼʦдģƽʲôģֻԾģĺΣ
ǧֽҲЩ
ɣҶҪϻȸ½ȥơǧֽҹҵʦѧԺҲҴѧҲӲ
ͬһȥ˫ڡ
ǧٴšüҡͷܾˣɣӦ£պһͻƿڣǷ˽ٵһ£ʱȣȣҲԹȣ𣿡
üЩȻǲġ
֪ЩʲôǧЦΣǲҵʵȸкܶԼޣвѰϹŻ֣Щħһ
üһЩȴЩͬ⡣
ǧţסΣңҵʵǰͬˣЩԼһҲӦԡ
ǧֵҴӦ㣬Ժͻ㣬ҲôӦңҪߴԼ飬ҪΪҵˣȻһġ
βɿڵãСһЩ
ǧ䴽ЦҾ֪ҼҷһӦġ
ϸŴֻͷһƬ׼ʱߡ
ڡǧ˫񣬡ΣǵȲˡ
ȥɡζ˶٣ֵҵ
ǧһЦ
ڷεİ£ǧ֪س˻ʹҲ˳ǡ
ߵһƬյأǧٻ˳֣ȴûǧ͵ִȸ½
ǣǧûκηЩҸЦݣȫ֪ڲԶѧԺУǧѧħԡѪս
ѧԺʧܣħǽѧԺķߣ֮У
һǣǺǲ룬ֻ£ȸ½Ҫˣ
̲ݻǧֱúųѧԺķȥ¹ܲôˣסѧԺҪġ
ܿǧѧԺɾѧԺ˿Щ̵ļЩɵģͺǾ޵ĴڣҪɴ
ǧ²ٿһЩ
֪żҲûж죬ֱӽϿٶȡ
ִѧԺʱǧһƬǽѧԺĶ˹ȵס
죡
ѧԺһƬ棡
ѧԺ֮ЩħĺۼЩۼѧԺŪúģΧĸֽҲȫʯһأѪ߰ߣĴɼЩϵ֫壬һЩδȥĩ
һ紵ѪζƮǧıǼ⡣
ţҲöĶǰĳǧ˫Щ죬ѧԺкðӰЩħأЩħ޵ĵʦѧأ
ѵȫˣ
ǧͷһֱȹڳСݵķȥʦ;סСУ֪ûг£
СݣǧСݻڣֻЩƵĺۼȴûбֱӻٻ˰죬ȴδӰ
ӰûƼô£
Ϊܿѧսħ޵ĳ棬㰲ô£
ģҪ߳ȥ̽鱨ʱ򣬺С⼸֮мֻħſǱ۾滹ھ׽Ŷ
ǧϸһھ׽һˣ˱⴮һĿҧȫʳɾǲŽ˵·³
·մȾѪͿˮŷġ
ǧǰǽɱɾȴʮ֮кüֻħţմȾѪǿǱ۾Ҳ˽䱸
Ȼ½ŲϸϸܵʱͻȻ󺧡
Χȫħޣͷ
ղŽʱǶ˯δߣὫͷħ


827 ڹ

ͷħܶԸҲųʲôʥףٸ߽һЩħޣֻԶԸ
ԣڻδŪʲôʱǾȾźá
ѧԺгħޣûһˣָأ
ǧ򴽣Ȼ䷢ЩħЩ֣Ȼڲͬĵطǵһֱͬһط
ϸϸͻȻǶŵĵطСӡ
ΪҪţѵСʲôͬ
ѾȷϹˣСвûʲô֮ǿһˣħΪƫƫҪأ
ǵĿ⼢ʶ̰ڶζʳһСֲʲôʳǧۣ²һѲɣСʲôأЩѧЩʦͷ
Щħ޲Ż۰ͰţͷһܳǾͻὫ˺ѣ
ǧԽԽֿܣлһأϴβѪ﷨ȵǼʯң潫˲Ҳͽ͵ͨΪѧԺлˡ
һ룬ģ̌Ž롣
ҵǸԺ󣬾Ϳٴ򿪡
¡һʯžͱۣЩ谵ʯңǧ붼û̧ŽˣԽߣԽҲһŨҵѪζǼ⡣
ǧһݣ϶Щ˾Ͷʯ档
ŵŵš
ģ̌Ž룬ĽŲʯͻأ
ʱһЩϸϸǧšüͷǰˣһͦµġ
۾߽
ŵŵš˵ͷҲ˺ӳ
ʲôˣһϤֳ䱸ڶƷ¡
ǧŲһʱͻĹƽˣŲ˵ʦ뿪¶ûͲʶˣ뽫ͽɱ
ǧȵ
ǧӦһҡ
˵ܿʯеĵƻҲʯˣǧƳͷʯеһҲӳС
һЩʦѧȫʯУÿ϶ˣҲЩήң֪ɱЩħˣЩԱ
Ϲʦڿǡ
ǧϹȥǸĵŮӴ˿ҲЩ㲣ȴǳûκαԹϣ
Щѧǣȴİһһӡ
ǧֿһȦѦԺľ̴ʦڡ
˵ҲЩήңľ̴ת˫С۲֪Щʲô
ôˣǧһ䡣
ǧĿջȴͻȻЩ֣ôû˾
ѧԺţڵĻѧ͵ʦɱΧǧüſڵڴʦ￴ʦţΣգͻٸˡ
ʦ
ʦ۾ˡ
ǴʦǾϣ˰һʣʦҲˣ
ûǧʵ棬ԼҪҾȹˡ
ʦûǵĿ˲ȥ
ǺǣʦȻûֻˡ
ǰһССǧкã˫ϵħʦΣԷħޣܽǴˣ
أǵҪ𣿡
ǧЦ
ȴȵ˵˵ʲôԼŬԹˣ¶һͶһϣûϣ֮ˣɴ˰ɡ
ѧ˲ǵ˰һۣȴҶԡ
ǧϹ˵Ǳħ޴Ϳˡļ򣬵Ҳܸˣһ治ϣϾôħޣʲô׼ûҲֻѡ
ǧ֪ڹԼЦЦЩģʦѧԺôͻȻȱأ֪ѧԺü̲ɵģӦòͻȻȱڲŶԣ
Ҳ̫ͷںȾƣȴͻȻкöħ޴ˣҷӦʱ򣬱Ѿˡ
ʱϹվ˵ɡǸȱͻȻֵģұĺۼ룬ҲѧԺ˹Ūġ
һֱĬѦԺҲ˿ڣһֱѧԺЩ֣ȴʼûϣʱȱѾˣǸȱҲȷϹٵʦ˵Χ룬Ҳ룬ѧԺ˹Ūȱڣħ룡
ǧۣҲ˵ѧԺڹ˵кħޣȻֳ˸飬жΪǹڰͽ
ڹٴγ֣᲻ǵǸˣ
ǧʶȥеֻаܹ
Ŀ⣬ղЦЦ
ˣ뵽һˣ


828 ľ̴ʦ

ʱһϸ̲طŭʯ𣬡ҿȱŪ˾ǰ
һˢˢǽϵľ̴
ʱľ̴˫ż֮ɫŰƴżԹü꣬Ѿ϶ǹڰ֮ˣȱڲԵ޹ʳ֣Ȼյ˺ڰָʾŽֳɽصġ
ĻмֵѧȻдżӺͽ䱸
֪ⷬЧľ̴һЦ
ľ̴ں˵˵ʲôϹ
ȴνʼ磬ѾˣҲһΡ
˵ľ̴ЦֻڳʵѣȻѧԺкȱڣȻǰڹɵģ
ó֤˫ֻأͻȻش˸Ƿ
ľ̴Ŀ㹴ڰһУ֤ݡ
ѧſˮѾľ̴ˣǽԶŰָָ㣬Ѿ϶ڹһ
ѦԺϹʦ侲ȫûбľ̴
ǧȴµؿľ̴
ڰ᣿
ѧԺֻǱħϮ˶ѣûʲôطָǺڰɵģȴ˵ĵ᲻̫һЩ
ǧգգ۾´ľ̴
ľ̴ʦԻȷһǺڰɵģͻȻżͱ˵ζ˵ľ̴ʦʲô֤ݣ˵ľ̴ʦ㣬ڰҲƲĹϵ
ѧһ
ǰô֪ڰйصģ
ħϮ
˭˵һҪǺڰɵˣһǲʼįأ
ľ̴ʦʲô֤ݾóɣҲŪס
ǰʲô֤ݾ͸ǰɣͷħڣʵˡ
ǺûбƵĺۼӦòǺڰɵİɡ
ѧǵľ̴̿ˮҲŪԭء
˵һѣû뵽дЧŮʵڿɶ񣬡ǧ˵˵ʲôڰᣬʾʦɵ£ҿûаϵ
۾ţҲľ̴ġ
ǧ̯̯֣˵£ֳʦˣʲôɣ
ľ̴ҧЩң˵ô飬ҲǾ¶ѣ벻Ŷҵ¡
ľ̴֣ˣǽ棬һ仰Ҳ˵
ǧȴ۾Ҫľ̴͸
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ľ̴￿˿һ۲Ϊӡ
ǧЦһеɻûмȥ٣Ũ˼֣ľ̴ü۵ӣĻ϶Ǹ
ѧԺͻȻֵȱڣЩϵ
ǧֳľ̴˼ۣȴʲôҲû˵Ҳֻǻɣûʵ֤ݣǾˡ
ľ̴ǧٿԼ˿
ʵû뵽Ů˾Ȼݣ뷨Ҳö࣬һѣͱסš
ľ̴ЩҲ֪Щʲô
Ŀǰ˭ڹûжۣͷֻħ޻ѧǿǽϣ
ǺãڹδʦҲ֧ԮҪħ޿𣿡
ҾԲҪħ˺Ѷ
ѧЩʱĲ״ɴһǻȻħ˺ʱʹܹõ
ǵĿǧüͷ壬ҲһĨͷһԣʦôʯҲǰ취ǿ뵽ʲôͻΧİ취
ҡͷ֮ҲһĨ뵡ͷħĶ࣬ѧԺеѧ͵ʦҲֻʣˣǧħ޶Կ
ǧ°ͣЩȷЩˣʦܸ˵˵Щħ޵ʵ𣿡
˵Щħ޵ĵȼٴ
ĬƬ̣ǳһЩħ޶˽ףǿһЩħʥף׵Ķһͷ
ǧ󣬽һģʦ˵׵ħޣ𣿡
̾һûյɢеֻƣ룬飬ҺοҪƭ㣿
ˣǧôҲƽʥ׵ħ**֣ȴδ׵ħޡ
ʥ׵ǽһḶִ́ܵףʵֹһǰ㣬ܵõ֮ϾףǽһɼĴڣ̤׶ΣֻܳΪ
ˣôභ
뵽˴ǧֻͷƤ飬ֽҲҴδ׵ħޣΪǴ˵еĶͻȻ׵أ


829 ͻΧ

ĺŸողڣҪʵҲſﵽ˾Žӣħ޶ԿܻЩ
Ҳ֪ͻȻһֻħޡ̾һ䣬ֵңħ޼Ϊ˻ҪָЩСħޣʹǳΪս
ħ޲ôǿԺŪһѾǣڱ໹Ҫóսֻ¹Ǻ
ǧģĬû˵
Ҳ֪¹ӣһʱֻҲ
ǧʹ˳ëסҲ֪˿̵ЩʲôҲ֪˶ãſڵħ޲Ե޹ʳֻ֣İʲôıͺڰйء
䣬ǧɫľ̴ȥ
ľٶ˼Ҳɻ
һ˶˵ʯҲ쳣ƽˡ
ƻ֮µʯҸʯҲһЩˮȥ㣬㹻֧ʮµġ
ʮ֮أ
ǧ򴽣ʵڲȥпռ϶˾ͲùˣҲὫռܸ֪¡
˷񣬸Ӷᣡ
ǧָ⣬ɫһ֪˾͸÷һˣڵĻа취ħɱİɡ
ºѾǧǽϣĿҲ֪˶ãŵʯдһɧζ
Ƴͷȥ˶ǽһĮȻȫûʲôԡ
ǧۣɫЩѿ
ѧˮǲ˵ô£ȻǽֿǹǵĸζôŨѬ𣿡
ǣҼҲǴӵܣô˶ģ
ںؽȥʲô취ֳȥѲɾ͵ñһﻵ˿ô죬ܱס
ЩˮѧǵͷһЩŮѧߺ
ѲɣڽȥļǶҪִ׾ٶһĳ˿˿ôã
Ůѧޣ뵽Щﻹϴ裬ɫһ䣬ͬ˲Ӭѿ쳣
ǧҲ뵽պѿӣɺ
ζԸڶ㵽ռȥ
ⷬСһϹѾˮ׼ˡ
ȳЩɣħͻȻϮǶŶҲá
һѧɪɪҲʱʯʵȫ
ѸˮֺԺѧǱЩ˫ؿţͷǲأоըˡ
ǧеˮⲻһҾãǲӦȥˣӦ취ͻΧȥĿܡ
ѧҲͻΧȥűȽϺãϰµİݣͻȻȥðգǿ϶ǲԸġ
ָǧıӣ
ǧôĳⷹ뽫ǺԲԣ
ǰ֪ͷһֻħޣǷܹԿģʦЩʤ㣬ɴʦڣﻹʲôʤ㣿
ʦΪβǲҪ㣬ֻҪʦ
һ뵽ʦûͷűˣףŻͦ
Ȼǧȴûйͬǡ
ʼ磬Ȼ룬Ҳû취ˣҪҪǵ£޹أҪȥ֮̽ʲô͵ÿˣþ͸ǣ鲻ǾͶԲˡ
ѧûĻϣֻǾӹ󣬾ȻҳŴ̽鱨
һħ޳ԵǾ͵ùˡ
ѧǶţҲȾһĹ⡣
ǧǵĿ⾡۵ףȴҲûᣬߵǰʦҪȥ̽һ鱨̽ˣͻ
΢㶣Ϊǧֻ˵˵ȴû뵽Ȼ˵жжˡ
ˣһͬһȥɡվȥ
ǧϰĿ⣬ЦЦðһɡ
ϾЩħ**ֹӦͦ˽ǵģǿ϶ᱻϺȵġ
˵ţܿ뿪ʯҡ
һ뿪ѧ
ɵӣȻȥ
ǲȥҲֻ֪ˡ
뿪ʯԺǧŵʿȻһЩѪζҲܱɧζǿ
ǧԴɳΧ¿ţħڲԶĵطСݻЩ̰ҲһЩͲסķ
šüͷҲʦħǶǵСݻ뵽Ѱҵͻƿڣͦѵġ
ǰһУɫ࣬ⷬ棬֡


830 

ǧĬĬվһ࣬üͷšøӽҲܸվţȥǰ̽һ̽Ѱҵߵ·ٻ뵼ʦ˵
ͷҪСġ
ǧӦ֪ˡ
һܿľڻͷȥͷħڵϣģЩɢɢǶˣͿпеط֫壬ȫȻûһҪվ˼
ǧЩ֣価δߣϵϢȴ޷ڸǣЩħ޵ıӦܹŵġ
ŵ֮ΪβվѰأ
ôҲЩ˵ͨǧššüͷĿڲԶħ
Щħ޵ȷŵϢЩ궯ȴǲվڼɵʲô
ɵ
ǧһʲôץסһ
ǵð˵ﲻʥħޣҲ׵ħޡħǵͳ죬µȨûħ޵Ǹж
Ҳܽ͵ͨΪβվˣȻܵħ޵ƣ
ǧüЩϲ֣ʾ
ܿЩħޣ˹ȥôǷʲôˣ
ǧָָǰħȺѹҷ֣ЩħƺûһҪվ˼ڼɵʲôϸһ룬ǿڼɵħޣħûжǾͲж
˫һ˵ħûжǾͲˡ
ǵġǧ˵ƶǾСģϢ޷ڸǣǿ϶ŵˣţмȴٳٲж
ͷҲ뵽ܣԣֻҪͷħ޵ж켣ҵͻƿڣ
ǵģͱνǧۣһɫֻҪסħޣЩħޣͺðˡ
˵ˣѡҧ
ǧĿֻ취ˣҪôͻƣҪô
۲˵
ǧĿԶʦ֪ͷħĶ
巽λ֪Ӧܹ³һЩ룬ֵӵСľݵʱֻħڴĵط˿Ӧûǵط
ǧһΣӳչʱ˫ãھȥơ
˻˵ֱӳķȥһĵطǧͿһֻȻڵյط˯
˵ԶǧܸܵɢǿϢվţѣС
׵ħޣͬһ㣡
ǧȶٿȥʱȻȻһһںڣƬӨľ
ǰǣߵĴ׳룬ǧͻȻһϿħޡ
ǣеǵִ۷ܻΪǼΪǿ
ǧϹˣܽССܡ
ΪλѧԺǧ˼ۣ㽫Ŀ˻иɻء
ǰ°ͣԹ°ǲмȫûͻȻĵ̣ҿϲһ⣬ſҪ۷״̬˰ɡ
۷壿ǧһüͷøӽ
˵۷壬ǧֻĸЩִۣ۷Ļ϶Ҫڿռÿÿҹ
ȴϹټСĵ̴ɱô룬ǲԾġ
Ǽִ۷壬϶ӽǧеɻ˵Ի顣
΢ͷʾͬ˵ò˿סأ
ǧһ뵽ľǺڰᣬڰᵱܿƵס
ʵɲ⣬ܽסǧ۾ƬַΪ׵ĶԾŲˡ
̵ֿСܣЩ̵˳
ʼٸߣܱǺڰᡣ
ΪҪѧԺ֣
ֻΪ˽ȸ½õѧٻӶȸ½ռ
ǧ˼룬ܾЩԾ벻͸
һֽۣĿͶǧϣ˵мֵΪʲôѾɱ۾ֹˡ
ǧָ⣬ֺһԶһЩ
͸ѹʵ̫ˣǲԶһЩܲס
һǧǿڵҾã˯ϰߣʱ̽˯ţǾͶ̽ΣֱȫȷԺжҾǵͻƿڡ


831 ʱ֪

Щ˼
˯ֻǴɰɲȻ˵ˣֻõ˵ͷ
ʦȻذɡǧĿջأ΢
Ҳ֪ٴȥֻΣգ˵ͷ
ߣȻ֪Щħֻ£С»ʲôʡ
صʯԺ˺ŵһΪŨɧζְŷζһ봫˱Ǽ⡣
ǧűӣЩŻ
ΧЩѿȴû˵ʲô
ѧľŲζһڿеĸˮ˽ŻеƵ̧ͷһȣȴָֺܿľ״̬
˴ͷһȦȻˣǻΪҲʲƤ
ǺѧǼŸʲôҲû˵
ǧܿͽǵ龡۵ס
üЩĮ
ľ̴ƽ»߶߶ģҲֹ֪ʲô泯ǽڣЩܡ
Ϲǰһ̲סʵȥʲôΣգ
ǧ룬㽫ϹһԣͷۼŲħޣǸղųȥʱһֵ󡣡
ʲô󣿡Ϲһ䡣
ǧĬƬ̣ſڵʱߵúСģϢȴ޷ڲأЩħŵȴûжſڵϣǴ߾
Ϲԣ⾪ȵգգ۾Ťͷȥд£
ͷ
ǧָ⣬˵˵һֻ׵ħѧԺңҾͲ붨Ȼ׵ħ޽ǿסˣԣǲŲóȻж
Ϲ뵽ֻħޣЩľֻħޣȷָӵĹܡ
ǧһֵΪ֤²⣬ʦȥѰֻħޣڴķ򿴵˯ʱȥָӣ
Ϲ󣬺ܿͷӦ˹Ҳ˭ҪͻΧ͵óħϢǶʱ䣿
ǧ죬ϲ˵ˡ
Զ٣ֵܿҲֻǵĲ²ѣҪ֤ʵ˲֪
ô֤ʵϹͷһֲܾõԤС
ǧһֽۣĿͶϣǾЩҪһֱȥǱƣͷħһֱʱϢǾͺðˡ
᲻̫ΣˣϹһ䡣
ΣգҲһֱʯаɣǧüһϵһϢ֮кҪͻƿھΣ֮Уԣֻǰ
Ϲüͷšתͷ
ӴĿ⣬ſڵҲ취УҲֻ취ˣȻֻܵ
ִ⣬ϹҲ˵Щʲô΢ĬһŵȻˣҲøħ޺ʱУʱ䷽治ðѿء
ǧ˫һϹٵʦ˵òʱ⣬ȷӦðѿغá
˵һȫͣ
ľ̴Ͽȥƺںǵ˵Щʲô
ǧĿбɿľ̴쳤͵˵üᣬľ̴Ӧʲô
Ǹģ˲ò
·ͬСɣʱ֪ˡǧջĿ⣬ڡ
ϹȻ֪Ĺǡ
ѧԺԵ޹ʳȱڣѾ˽ˣǴ˿ٽͻƿڵȥָҪͱʲô۶
ֻʲô˵жͳˡ
ЩѧҲָǣʱֻҪϺȾͳɡ
Ϲ˺ܶ࣬ú֣صص˵ͷ
ǧĵֳľ̴һۣܿͷѾ͵ˣǽڣĿЩİҲ֪ЩʲôŹ˵ġ
һ̸ԺǧѰ˸ɾط£ʯҴˣЩζ䵭ܿŲˡ
ǧ̾һֿǽϱĿ
Ҳ֪˶ãϹٴվ׼ַˮ˿̵棬һƬûǣް쳣
ʯڵĵƻ𲻶Ծȴʼ޷ս˵С
ѧľؿŸˮһ߾ʬ⡣
ʱһ¡ͷ𣬽ţҲʼ
~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
ţħǵĺһ봫˶ϡ
ѧȻɴ۾񷢷һ㶪еĸˮһɪɪ
ħ޿ʼжǻ̤ƽСľݣҲΪһ࣡
ȲãҲᱻħǲ븹뵽ħ޻Ѫ֮˺ѧǵӾͶͣҲһ֮⣬ҲһĨ


832 ȥ

ǧܵϵ˫һһΣվͷˣ⻹ѧԺľӢ
ǧǣȹվʦ֪ʲôʱ𣿡
Ӧʱɡ룬ǿ˵
ʱ
Ҳϣߵ㵽ŵʱʱģ
Ѿǧס°ͣţ¿ټСܣټСʲôƻǵСݣҲҪѰʲô
~~~~~~~
ͷĽŲ쳹ͣҲһֱ𶯣ͷ·Ҫһ
ҽŲƽͺȫΧСݵĸȴֳٳٲжŪļ٣ĶҪһ
ɣԴеĻҪΪˡ
Ҳ䱻ȳ࣬һȥһġ
ҲҲųࡱ
˵䣬һѧվڲִ˵ЩʲôҲܽǵ˼
ǰһͻȻסʯҵҪȥ
ʲô
ѧۣؿǵĵǲŲ
üΪȥͲˣ
ǧһЦħǶۼ棬ǳȥҲ
ѧģаһΣһСݾͱȻʱһ㵲ʲôѲɣҲ
ѧһĨɫŰ·һ

ǧȴ۾ɫ䣬ʦȻȥȥˣʱħ˺ҲֻܹԼˡ
򴽣ǵҪȥ
ѧͷ̬ȶӡ
һҲùˣȥͳȥɣˣɱԹǾͳɡ
ѧʲôҲû˵ֱӴʯž˳ȥŵ˲䣬һķ紵ХͷҲЩ䡣
ѧһӣǲܲ˾ͷȥ
ΣǶ뱳ȳֻ࣬Ҫ뿪طͳ˶ħǵĽŲңôڣ϶ע⵽ģʯ˻ĶҶģȳҲǻá
ѧãʯе˼ͷûκζ˼Ҳ
ܳȥȻûħ޷֣ǲǴͷǰȫģֻҪҵһõطǲǾܰȫˣ
ѧ̿ˮԭŵУ˲䱬ҵĹâ
ǧҲеĹâҲȥˣ
ЦȥҲԳȥ
ûϺȵˣԼ֣ܱܶħ޳ԵҲͦ
ѧ˺һ¶˾ģվ׼뿪طǸߵŵʱ򣬱ͷһҽ


ҽ˷еͷƤ飬ͷ
ѧǲɶ½ŲҲô£ѵǸոȥͷѧħ޹ˣ
δǷӳһƤ˺ϣ˺֮ʱҽ˲
죬汻ħץסˣһħ޻˺
ôǺܺ浽׷ʲôǧЦߵߣǺ棬Դʯƣǲǵġ
ѧº棬պյؽʯŴһ϶
͸Ȼ»֮ɫѧ㿴ͷһУһǵһ
ֻѧһȺħΧš
һħҧ˵˫֣һЩħڿǵֱۣ⻹мֻħ޾Ȼ˺ǵͷƤ
ͷƤһѪⱻ˺£ܿ¶ɭ׵ͷǣǾȻûͦ˺ѵʹܵ


ΧѧԵˮֻһ֮ɾָоһ͸־塣

ѧתͷ˴С͸Ĺһ˫ڱŷǿҵâ
ǣȾǡ
ǲ˻ţʱħȻǳˣֱǲҧһڡ
ǲһӱҧϣ۾һգõ˽ѡ
ħǸ޼ɵֱӽǷʳˣȻһͷû¡
龰վʯſ͵ѧŵɪɪɫҲҰ˼֣ñץסĲǣȻҲᱻҪġ
ڿˣǧ˫ֻأЦЩ䣬ڻ벻ȥͷˣ


833 ˯

ѧŵýʯŹϣڽʮӣҲ̤ʯҰ벽
ǧʯϣԴź̾˿źǴһĻᣬһһΪ֮أ
̵ѧҡ
֮㣿
ǣǴ˿ȫûĳΪʲô֮㣬Ǳȳ࣬ҲȻ˺ǿ
ǧ΢΢ֱӣỵ̂Ȼȥˣٵָˮء
ѧɫҰס
Ů˼ֱ̫ȥѧЩŭȴҲû˵ЩʲôϾɵǰͷ
ǲ˵ǧһЦöͿЩѧˬˣԼˬĻᣬô׷
ʱͷĶС࣬Ȼ󣬽ƽ
ǧ룬ֻ϶ȥĳطЪϢˡ
ڶճʱʱħֿʼˣǽŲŵ淢װŵҲʼ𶯣ȴٳٲСݣС࣬ѰʲôҲڵȴʲôᡣ
ǧ°ͣЩ㲻ס
Щħ޸ߴͣҪȻС׾ٵ飬Ϊƫƫжأ
ѵǲϲ࣬ϲʻĶ˻˺űȽϺóԣűȽгɾ͸У
뵽˴ǧһӣ˵ĻЩħҲ̫̬˰ɿǲôֻ̬Сݶסˡ
ǧۣԽԽֿܣ˵ֻҪСݣǾͻǰȫģΪܳȥȴû뵽뻢ڡ
ЩħţžֳȻǾͽ˲븹һ١
ǧ۾Щħ޻ĻһͷͣǧʱͣʱѧԺʱࡣ
ֻ˯ǧȹվҪȥͷģʦҪһȥ𣿡
һɡ
Ҫȥѧÿһı鿴
꣬ɣ
գѧúòңǵƤⱻħӲ˺ˣҲٵʹ࣬ʵڿ
Ҫȥѧ̿ˮ˵Щʲôȴ뵽ǧ䳰ȷһͻȻϣȥ
߰ɡǧߵʯſڵʱͻȻתЦЩͦȤģǲҲͬһȥͷ
ѧŵ˼ǧ˵˵ǲŲһȥġ
ǧʼ磬һźȻǲȥǾˣȻĻǻһħ޵ķɣǲȥ̫ϧˡ
ѧǸɰͰһЦʲôҲû˵
ʦ߰ɡǧһۣתߵʯԡ
ϡ
ѧ̧ǣ˸Ķ⣬ħôǿǹŻزɣ
һʱԺ
͵ѧΪ˻زʱ򣬡¡һʯžȻˡ
ӭ߹ˣǧͰ
ѧָһĿɿڴضˡ
죬ǾȻֻŻˣЩԾ
ѧܳȥֱӱħȺ˺ˣΪһ˵ĺۼûУѧ
ѧŴǣһڳģ
ǧЦüΪӴʲô飬ǲǶͲ
ѧǴͷʲôҲû˵
ǧżͷĿȻﴽЦѾȫǲͦʧأ
ѧɲ˵еľҲȥ˼֡
ǧŤͷ˫͸ˮղųȥһڴͷ˯ţյǸʱ
Ҳ˵ÿ춼ʱ˯֤ʵΣԷ©
ǧ˫кһɫ
ʱٴ𶯣ħٴжһģһǵСʼûбݻ٣ħҲֻΧСжȫûһҪõ˼
ǧֵڴ䣬ͦȷġ
ֻҪǻʯУ߳ȥǾͻû£ΪЩħǱ̬ϲ˺Ȥ
뵽˴ǧ˿ĻиʱѰͻƿˡ
ǧȹʯС治ͣţʲôûоһ
Щѧŵɪɪֱֹͣ𶯣ǲŻ
˺ÿһ죬ǧһֱͰȥѰټأҲϰԣǰȫȷ
ϢȻʱжеǶο϶õͻƿڣ


834 ըС

ǧеĽŸҲ˲٣żͷЦٴȾۿʦǾǸһ¶Բˡ
⼸գǹ۲Ϣϰߣȷõ˺öõϢٽЩϢҲкܴİ
֪ʲô¾ͿڣǿԳϢǶʱ䣬뿪ѧԺʱܳ㹻һ£뿪ˡ
ǧһٿǳǳЦҲôģЩѧֻ̰²Ū
Щѧ˼ۣһɸ֣ʱ򣬰ҲҪǰȥһûõĶ涪ѧԺ
ǧЦЦ˵
ȻЩǣɺôҲͬţǧҲûǾܵ˼
ǸϺȣͱˡ
ǸֵĶѧԺֻ»ȸ½ɲ򴽣ܾЩ
ǧüͷҲǣѰ˼ҪҪϢǶʱ䣬ɱˣ
뷨ʵЩ󵨣ǲôĻֻ²ѧԺȸ½Ҳݡ
뷨ȻһЩпȡ֮ġʹɳһ
ǧЦЦͲ˵
Щʱǧȹվʵʩƻ
ѧһվ֪ҪȥˣǱ죬ѾϰһʲôҲû˵
ǧȴվʯſûڵʲôˡ
ѧǲЩɻ̧ȥۡ
ǧ׽ǵĿ⣬ЦЩζʲôأЩϣҪȥҳ·ˡ
ѧ˲ը˹
ʲôҳ·
Ǹһȥ
뵽˴ѧҧбŷһǿҵĺ⣬ǧ⻰ʲô˼ҪȥˣΪλҪǣ
ǣǲŲȥġ
ǧӣޱضǰЩѧЩѧһ̰˼֡
²ڸи׼ǧüЦЩ䣬ǲߵĻҲɰҽСըˣǾغԭذɡ
ըСݣ
ѧͷǿһ£һŵؿǧǧ㵽˵ЩʲôСݾǵıܷۣǽطըĻһ
ǧ뷢Ҳ㵽ȥ裬ɱǡ
ѧǳֲͣϸմȾŭ⡣
վһԣҲһЩ㶵ģû뵽˵ֱס
ľ̴켣һѧУҲ˵ǧĲʡ
ѦԺϹһЩѾ֪ǧĹǺ뷨ˡ
ǧ𴽽ǣǰһͷ˳ҲһζǵΪֻҪסʯҾܰȫˣʱˮԹô죿뱻𣿡
ѧͷһʲôҲû˵
ǧŴǣֵھҪСըˣȥȫԼˡ
ѧҧΪǧֻ˵˵ɵǷӳʱСݾȻըһǧϵħͻϵħ˲ͽǰСը˷档
СһըǾֻܷ¶ˡ
ѧվ¶λãϰϰǵҲŷˡ
ǣСݻıըˣǧֱǸ
˵Ļ˰ɣǧһЦЩѡҪôһȥѰҳȥҪôԭص
ѧǶһӣԶŲħޣħǻģȴûκжмֹŹ֡
ϵ飬ѧӲ˺ˣǾԲҪ
ѧ˼һǿڵǧӮˣǴӦһȥѰҳ·
˵Щʱǵܷǳ˼ٽӬһ
ǧЦЦջĿ⣬ЩģȻѾˣ͸߰ɣҾһ䣬ϺȲȻǺÿġ
ü˫絶ŵѧɪɪҶԡ
ѧǸɣǧؽĿջء
̲סǧüۣҲżͣͽյֵˣ츳ãͷҲؼֶҲˣܲϻľԲ
ϹǰͷİкֳһĹ⣬Ҳ֪˿Щʲô
˼Ժмѧ˲ȷǶħǴͭ۾ǸǱŵ߲·ˡ
أЩħ޺ÿֲ
ǰǻ᲻ǰ
ǴƤӵ߹ʱŵĸζˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ


835 ˭ڹ

ѧſڵϲţûһҪ˼
ǧһۣǲߣͼطɣʱǱħ޿ҧҲǵˡ
ѧ߰
ŮҪҪôСըˣҲĥѣ
ѧһߺޣȴֺܿվվվǲŲ뱻ħ޳Ե
ѧ֣Ǳǰ˲١
ǧĿջأǰȥ֪ħǲжĵҲһЩŲǴޱȣڹһ
ЩѧһСģ¾ŵЩħޡ
ʵЩħͷˣĿ¶һḬ̃ǵһһһ
ûеõָʾóȻж
Ҫ֪ǰһͷóȻĶħޣͱħ޳Ե˴ߵѧԺڵʱЩѧȻɴ۾˿̶Щ㱡
ѾѧԺſˣֻҪ߹Ǿ뿪ƵطЩħ׺쳣һ·ʱȻûйǣʵ̫ɣЩ˼
ѧһתзֹһ뵽ǧǸͲʲô
ֻҪ뿪طͳˡ
ѧ̿ˮεļ
ǧһ·ƽִҲ˿Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ򣬺һĺ
ţǵ𶯵ħȺ˻
~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
Щһ˶ϣеͷ
ǧһѹѹħȺͷɿһ£ãˡ찡˵ħȺǲҪ׷ˣǲҪħȺҧˣ
֪ҾʹСݵĵطˣܱȱôħ˺ǿɣ
ǧˣȥ
ѧǿţһЩָǧĲǡ
ǽΣȫᵽǧϣ£ѧеˣһζġ
ǧЩֻͷ۵һɨȵģǾ͸ұ졣
ѧǱһǲ˵ˡ
ǧ۾סͷʵ̫ˣЩѧͷ·ڵȴͶһ
Ͼħޣ涮ЩƲߣ
ǧԽԽףǵƲߺΣҲδ˵Ǵ޵УҲܲµЩʲô
ǣԤ֪δĿ
˵ĻӦûӸ߰ŲѧԺֵطڣ˵м;ʲô
ѵڹ
ǵ̸һ㶼ܿľ̴ľ̴Ǹ֪ǵļƻģԣƻ߸Ϲ
ǧüһɫϹȥһۡ
ϹΪֱҲǲģȻὫƲ˵Ӧòڹ
ǧֵڴ䣬˼Ҳ벻ĸڳˣΪ֮ƻӦþ뿪ط
ǧħܶԸټһֻħ޾ͲܹԸ˵ġ
ħȺδʱߣǧͷЩ±Ƶѧŭһ
ѧ˲ǿԽԽħȺ˲䱻Żˣ̿ˮֺȥ
¡¡~~~~~
̫࣬ŲϻζҲƵԽžͻζøѧվסţˤڵء
ǱӰģǧüͷһȺûõˣҲӡ
ʦҲߡǧܿжϣܿҪˣⶫܶԸ˵ģֻ뿪ٴӳ顣
һ˸̤ȴѾħȺѾ׷϶һȻš
ѧһھͱħȺҧסûгһϽ䵥ѧ˺ҧ飬¶һĨı顣
~~~~~
׽쳹ͷƤ顣
ǰͷѧ龰ŻˣǲһͷֻܲǰţܵžͷʱӺһת
ֻҪնϣħ޲Ͳܹ
ѾִѧſˮٿͳŲϿ档
δִѧʧش󺰴С
ǲ
ǲܽնϣͬѧ
ѾִѧǲܲˣѾ۾ֻҪһ뵽ܹվǾһ˷ܸ
ѵһ
ǱϣһЩϵѧħ̵Ԩ

Ҫ
ʱѧǵĲҽ˲쳹


836 ǹġ

ѾִѧſˮǶתˡ
Ŀȫ̵İҧݣЩѧԺѧֱһȺ̰֮ͽ̰ҲˣȻôͬŵ
ǧѾϵ棬ǻ֮ڵŭպЩѧҶҪǸۡ
ƴǣȴĹΣˡ
ǣҲߡǧҪٻȴͻȻһХڶ𣬽ţͷҲһӰ
׷ģ̌ʱ˫ͭĽɫ۾˫۾˸ŰһһԽС
ǧֻһѹϮĿڳ֮Ҳһζ
ٻȫʲôӡסһһʱԶٻľٶҲ޷С
ãѹ̱һ㡣
СࡱۣͻȻһ
ڵʱһϢ³ֱֱǧϣǧЩܲסЩεڵء
ȻСǿڣԴ֮ǶԱıġ
ǧҧͼڳݼζѹȥĿڣ̧ǰӴվǰǧֻԼޱС
ǧû°ɣҲѹŪôԴϢſ첽ܵǧߡ
ʦû¡ǧҡҡͷȴɾЩ
˵䣬ǧŤͷͻȻϹľ̴ıЩ֣˱ֱվţ˿ûбѹӰ죬ǵıȴЩ΢
ǿһ򣬱Щη
ǧ۾ھηʲô
ʵ̲ס˳ǵĿ⿴ȥֻһۣһ£ĿҲͣ
ĳѾͷˣǣվϵľȻǺڰλ᳤
Ǹź£ߵĻ᳤
뵽ΪѪѪѶʹֶΣǧӲЩģ˫ҲǸС
ǧС㣬ּˡվϵпڣǳǳģһĨˮᡣ
ǧʶһȫûоᣬеֻ޾Ϯ
з䣬ǰֱվԴϣӸµǧĿ䣬һ˵ĸо
ǧҧֻԼ񱻶߶һһʱЩѹˡ
ڰ᳤ǧüƬ᳤̳֪ǵѧԺʲôһڣôħ޹
еЦԴǰһЩķⲢǰ׸ģ෴ҪΪЩ顣
ǧ˵ߣд󺧣ֲͻȻѧԺԭǻ᳤ֱʣ˷Ӫֲϧõ󷨱Ϊʲôأ
ĦϵߣķʣǧС㾹֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ȻĿ⣬ǧͷٴһ
뵽ԼѪѪ£Щ
˵ʱʺѪʢĳڰ֮˶ȻҲǿˣ񣬺ڰ᳤ͻȻ֣ȻѪѪƲĹϵ
Ǻڰ᳤µļıĻôµԼѧԺε֪βģ
һ˲ǧֻڰ᳤Ī⣬ĵıµǸ⾪ˣ
ѪѪǧüһƶ
ЩֲѪѪǧѩǧʲôϵ
ǧС㵱ǴдһٴЦЩһֱڹ۲ǧС㣬ܲ³룬ʶ´˾
ǧ˫һʱֻѪҺȫ
ȻܼԼ˻֪Լ뷨ʵڿ
֮أʲôǧ򶨣š
֮ȴЦȻҪȥڰˣˣϹԲ̺ڷǶʱȥȡһͳ£ɺã
ǧﴽЦЩ᳤̴̣ÿãҲ˵ܲܽϹԲڣΪһԹԸȥ𣿡
ЦЦͻȻͷԵãⳡʢΪ׼ģ˵ǧħټһֻ׵ߵİգ
ôֱءǧڽ᳤ǿҡ
ѪѪٴһЩֱʶֵõġٴЦĿ࣬ͻȻһĨɫ
ǧһʶһѣҲԹ־ܡ
ĦߣЦܣţЩͷǲԹԸһȥˣҲգҾͺúøһЩͷԣʱֻҪͳˡ


837 ѹ

ǧĿȻ֪һӲ̣صӲ̣
˰죬ҲˣСͽȻѪѪҲ֪ͷôģȻ˵ǧѩǣֱں˵˵ѪѪҲûʲôõģǱڰˣת
㾹ȻѪѪ̾һˣתǶʦ档
ǧϵɫ磽˼֣ʦ˭˼һ᳤̫أô࣬ʤ
оֻӲƴˡ̾һ֪һ֮ս㲻ûᶪ
ǧ̯̯֣üͷ˲𣬡ǰֻӲƴˣǲŹǵġ
оǣҲǵ̸˶һֻ÷ЦǲˣΪܴҵħ޴

ǧüͷܾЩ졣
˰ľ̴ѦԺϹټͰǲ
˵Ǻڰˣ
뵽˴ǧкȻֻɹľ̴ɲһڹô˭أ
ϹѦԺ
뵽ЩϹ˵Ļǧ򴽣Щϰµģ֮ǱһĨ·ͨʲôһ
˰ǧۣװ᳤֪Ϊ˵ǲˣ᳤ǲ𣿡
кǺһЦڿһľ̴Ϲ˵ǵˣҵˣ
ǧ¶һȻ˵ı顣
ļƻͦܵģһ˸ǰ֪ȻڹйܵģжϹھж
üĿЩ䵭ڿһֻһ
ϹΪʲôɴһŵؿϹ
ѦԺҲһ𾪣û뵽ѧԺе¸صλʦȻڰ֮˹һ𣬲ֹˣصƭȥˡ
ΪʲôڰĴȻͼˡϹһƣۣųЦĶˡ
üͷԾЩš
һֱΪϹһֱˣﹴڰᣬϹҲһֱţά¿ǰαװߡ
飬ʿֻʣ³˰ƣ˫
޷ţϹǹڰĶˡϹ㾿ǲǺڰˡϵ䴽һЦµš
ϲ־ˣεˣҡһ侹ȻΪˣֲ޿κεӣʵȤ
нֵڴ䣬Ƕ⡣
ǧüͷеĶ⣬ֶ˺ܲˬ
ͰͶϹƲЩʲô
ǣǺڰˡϹ֮аԸڰģ˺ڰԺܵõҪһУҸҲܿģ
ǧüͷø
ѦԺһŵĿ⿴Ϲ
Ϲǵı飬ٿͷһЦü֮ʢаʲôûǵļƻҸ߸᳤ģأҲ᳤ܲġ
ɤҲһ˵ĺа˶ֻޱ
ǧøĮ
ڣǿˣмǱ鲻һٴιЦ
Ϲ䣬һϯʺԵøΪ죬̧һһߵԣ߶֣ʮֵˡ
ľ̴Щ㱣ʵû뵽ϹҲǺڰˡ
ΪͰһģҲһЩõ飬ȴû뵽ǹˣصûţ
ľ̴ſˮȻϹڹĵλԼߡ
ħͻϮʱĲ̫ѧԺǸȱҲŪѵЩϹŪģ
Ҫõô´ζ֣
ľ̴ϹǡվԣֶкǾηѧԺʵڿȥֱڶѧԺ档
ϹųЦӯӯʲôãֻ֪ڰԺܵõöԼҪĶ㹻ˡ
ǧǽǳĬ
ϹʶĲͬѾħˣ˵ʲôҲϹľ̴ס϶ǧԸõٴοڡ
ľ̴ϹæӦŤͷٺͰѦԺһ
רĶԸǧ
ϣǧ׷


838 տһѤõĻ

ǧҧٴҪٻѹʵǿֱնϵ
ǧɫ࣬СѿСǾޱϡ
һСѿСǾޱ׷״ڳֵͻĹƣ
мˣɳµĦ°ͣԼֲ𣿹Щ֮
ǧû˵
еҲСèһںͷŪʱʱһͽǧƷȥ
ǧƽȽϺãȻƷ֮ҪץסˣɼˣɱŪúܲθ淭ڲϢҲޱȣԴκġ
ħʵ̫ǿһʱ޷
ǧҧһһζĹơ
ȥǲеģӣҲӲģһһĥԣȥġ
ǧüСѿСǾޱİ£Ƿļϡ
ˣҪŪ£һ뵽лԼϣһʱҲͣ˲١
ʱǧվǧһɱбƲģе⣬ȴܵ
žžž
ӼۺͻȻ֣ЦǧС㵱Ȼǵ׷СϷ겻ˡ
еҲܺȴƫһĨӣ˾Щǳ
ǧȡѪ﷨ȣĿûոʲô׷СϷҪȫˣֻҪǴܣͳ˰ɣ
ۣãԣ
ǧעȴδˣЩԽսԽ£ЩҲֻԹ֪ˡ
Ц⳰䣬һƳҵĻͻȻ֣ģЩһ𣬾һڵĻſڣ·ܽһ븹У
ܵȣǧ͵̧
ҡɫˣһ죬ϵĻҫۣȣԹеĻϵħӦʮϡ
Ѿﵽʥֽ׶뵽˴ǧɴ˫˵½ϵʥ׵ħʦ֮٣ûеģһﵽʥ׵վԼǰȴûκ˷ܸУóطǳ
ڰ᳤ȻѾﵽʥ׼ֱ£
Ǵ½֮ٲŬһĻֻҪڰĨɱˡ᳤ȻѾʥףǧҧЩͷƤ飬ϵħ
һɲǣɫĻϯ̾ײһ
顱һֻһ˲ϿըһѤõĻеĻǻɫģҫ۶
ǧĻɫģŹܺء
ƣ˲ܲɷ֣Ҳյǳ
ಡһĻ˲ϼͬһȫˣһҲƲ塣
ǧڻŸղŷһУЩľѾþȫſеĻֵסˣ˸ɾ
ˣҲܵشȫ۵
УԾһУղһδþȫһ
ǧĲ¶ˣղһȷûþȫֻɵĹȴǿ޵Уˣͱһ˰ɡ
һˣ
нֵڴ䣬Цζ㻹ղžȻ۳ɫĻ棬ҲµòӦǵõϹŻְɣ
ǧһȻ֪ϹŻĬƬ̣ŵû뵽㾹֪ϹŻ֣ûҵȷõϹŻ֣ҵȼ̫ͣͻ᳤ǳԿЩ
ڼ˵ŵȼߣ۸ˣ
ȴûһЦǺǵȼһЩֻͱϹŻճɻҽ˰ɣԣһǺȼô͡
ǧšüһࡣ
˵ЦţͻȻֽ֮ϵЦȥ˷ˣǧС㣬Ҳ׽ԲˣҶҪȥڰᣬӲ
ǧһȫͻȻһĨ֣ŶһĨ־壬ǿ־ϯȫá
ã
ϵѹǱ׵Ҫˣ
ǧͣԭأ񱻵Ѩһ
здһĨڱصá
ǧҧһһʱ侹Լʵ̫СǰȻһ㻹ֵûУһЩѹŵòҶˣ
˵ģӲӳʱӥǱϵôҲ
ǧҧȴɶá
ǺǡǸ飬ֻãϲֺȴı飬


839 ɱ

ǧС㣬ʱ䲻ˣͬһعɡ˵ţѾַļϡ
ǧֻüһͺ񱻶߲סһؿ
нļûһҪֵ˼
˵ҹǧٴȣϵƺ仯ɲΪµضơ
ǧĿ⽥䣬һ˲֮侹Ǵŷһ֮ǹϢ·ܽضᡣ
һ㶣˻ȥֻҪٲأ־ͻᱻɱ
һеô£
ŮȻϢǿң
ɻسǧȥֻһۣԭء
ֻǧղŲһˣ䣬˫絶䣬Ǵӹ͸ģֻҪԿһ۾ܽ˶
Ķǰʢһʺɫģӳ½欣
һϯ´ôаȴӲһаȣܵζŮ˼ֱǸԻˣҲǱһΣա
ѪѪѪѪָЦЩ񣬡㾹Ȼƾһ֮ѪѪ
ǧͬϻ˦֮䣬ɫĻ˲ŷ
ŻȸղŸΪǿѾﵽʮףʥ׵ıԵߣѪѪǳ
û뵽侹ǱĻš
¡һϵϱջ٣¶һƬս⣬ǧÿһۣȡǿĹơ
顱
ɫĻϯĻ˲ΧҲŪЩ鷢
һŲٿ˵ȫطħ㸺˦ȥ
Ů˾ȡһЩǳֶΣֻҲԿ
ǧվһ࣬һЦû᳤򲻹ˣ𣿡
û˵ֱӶ򹥻ͬʱҲ˦βͣһʱվõطõѣվסˡ
ǧҧҧʱǽٻ˳
Ŀһ˺ıϡ
ղٻѪѪ֮󣬱ٻˣܸоԼĲͬ·ò
վںıϣ֣üĿʹڿһ㡣
̧Ŀ΢䡣
ȴд󺧣ǾȻϹȸ
ħȻûϹø߹ҲǸ׳ƳķݶǰֻȸŸյڣʵûлָȫûκвֵ
ͷһϢҲûκȴ֮⡣
ɱһͷȸܳףִ۷壡
ſˮ¶һḬ̃
е̰Ķ񣬡Ůˣǲñүɱ
ǧƾˣǰ𣿡
һͺ𣬡үҪɱˡ
Ǿɱɡǧۣбŷǿҵɱ⣬һ㣬һһеġ
һٴʹǧһ
ȸİǧӵӦˣȸ֮ǳȼеһУҲŪǱǳ
ǧһЦ÷а˵ҪҴߣ˵ģ㵹˲ˣǷˮת
Цǰĺޱȡ
жȴûһ͵˼šü˫䣬Щŭˣǧҵġ
δǧӦиΪʽϮǧһһȴǱĻŪա
СһѪۣѪʱ¡
ǧһŲŽѪֹסˣ⻹꣬ٴϮÿһж˷ʤ
ǧֱסĲӣɵһȥеĹЩ죬ʱжĹ켣
ҲЩأŸոյִڣ׵ȣһЩҲ˵ͲĶ֣
ϹȸȻ᲻һССĶ֣˵ȥɵҪЦ˷ɵһߣǧңңҲĿ⽻һһ˲䣬ҷǳ
۾ȡһ֧ѣͨɫӳʱƯǳɿǧУȴܸܵһɹ֮˿
֧񳤵ѾԲʲôö
ǧ֧񳤵ѣȥѰѦԺͰ뿪ȴһǵһֱ߻ơ
ʱ֮һ͸ϣ̾ͽǧͺУȥײϣҲӲȥ
˵Ǳˣ


840 һɡ

ǧҧ֪ǵӲʲôö
µţƿһһӰȸײԴҲײһ϶
ǧĿЩ䣬ȴʲôҲû˵
еı飬Цø
Ҷ˵ˣӲȥģΪƫҪսҵĵأţɫƲ
ǧ򴽲ȴһƬ䡣
Цеޡ
ǧ򴽣֮ŷٿʱǰĺҲΪûãǧ⾹ȻۼǿҴ㾢磡
һһڹ͸ϣ󾹷顱·һҪϸ̴ȥ
ٴʶԾʱͼǧ£ſ磬ɫҲЩ԰ף˫ɺޱȣżֹܵζ
죬ڵϴ̴
֧޼᲻ݣССܹ˵ģ
šüȻͷٴһŮǷ˰ɣȻڵȫµԼѪҪϴ̴
һҲѱ
ϴ̴Ȼɴ۾Ҳŭһǧ˰ɣȻҪȫµ̴ҵϣȰЩͣ£ȻҲġ
ǧҧŴһһ仺˵Ҳȥĺڰᣡ
˫䣬û뵽ǧǿΪ˲óѣȻˡҲóѵġгһ̽Χˣһ㣬ӵǧߡ
ʱ򣬼ʱٿһ֮
ģ̌ͻȻһЦҾ֪ģҷȥѾղסˣҪһͬȥɣ
ȻһŮ˾ȻԼΪնƭ֣
ǷŮˣֱǸӡŭһ̾Ҫջȥ
ǧۼֿ죬󣬵᳤ΪҪôߣֲˣʲô
֡ҧгݣ֮һֶĿ־塣
ըΪֲοѪѪˣ
ҲšǧĿȻִ֣еҲҪһ汳ġ
ղҪռ䣬ȴǳѵ侪ˣĿռͺ񱻷һȥ䱻ڰᣬƴһ
㵽ʱȱ첲ȵģҲù־ܰɡ
£Ĵһʱһ汳Ҳο汳Ǻڰ᳤ʱ᳤һҲ߽⣬ȫ½˵ĸζҲ˵ġ
뵽˴ǧʲôһȫˡ
᳤һɡ
ʱϱŷһܺХʱɳʯضɽҡһ˲ûΪӡ
ĵӲܹţ¶ʹı飬ʣȴ׶һ޷ֿЩꡣ

зһĲҽһ˲䣬ƤѪһ㡣
ǧųһĨЦݣǺڰ᳤ֶ޷㣬ַֻʽȥô˵ζΣ
ЦţЦҷ
һѪĿǣŮˣŮˣǲóѵġ
пͻȻǧǰһơ
͡һǧѪµҲһЩ
гûѣɻ̫һЩЩɢǻ۳һ͸򣬽Χһ֡
ǸǾۼһ㣬ᱬըʱɽ飬Ѫ֮ò
Ȼɴ۾ȫǶĿ־壬
һǱը
ըɽ飡
Сʯͷڿз裬۳޼ɵҲһлӣಡ£˲佫ϵʯ鿳顣
ֹһⱬըƽϢΧѱٻòӣҲһ޴ĿӣǽĻľս
һ紵۳裬ѲӰǳըбըɷĩ˰ǧΧһУǵ͵Ц
ɹ
Ѿ
˾ͺˣҲĴǧؿڣͻȻ³ѪţϺǧѪۣһ˲֮Ѫֹֹס
ɢߵķһ㣬µɽе䡣
ղŴͷȻȴҪۣЩǴ׹ɽ£


841 ֪

ǧԼ˫ֻ֣Ѫ߰ߣѿ屾òˡ
Ҫ
ӦҪȥİλ
ӦòİɣѾиˣһܸ˵İɣ
ֻҪˣǱǧһЦòźɻټһءǧǧɽ±ֽǧץסȴʼץʲôǧҰͽܣ㲻׼
ǧ۵۾ˣϡڶ߽лǰû¾ͺˡ
ղըʱѾռˣ۵ָⶼˣûٻˡ
ǧתۼǧӰʧɫ˲Щɢ
ǸСͽôˣ

ǽд˵Ӣۣô׾
ʼղѾˣҧҪȥɽѰǧ
ʱȴ˽סˣȥԱˣȥֻҵҲֻһʬѡ
ȻһʱϹ˫ĵôڣͲˣ㻹ʲô
һʣϹšüͷһ˲Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
˦ֻʣŨŨ񣬡ΪװĬûˣң㵽ΪҪڰᣬǰұݺɺڰˣǷҲɵģ
ʱΧħѲƺǱը˰ɰϹվϹһ仰Ҳδ˵
Цеԡ
ղŵôˣΪλôĶѦԺҲľ̴˴
ľ̴廨ţ֪ԼܲҲһš
ͷٴһǧԱڰ᳤ܣдϢĻᣡ
ʲôѦԺ󣬲Щ𾪣ǧԱ
ǵġһ룬ǽ
ѦԺҲĬǧԱֻǴ˿ͱħɱĻܺö˶վ
ںδѦԺš
üͷšɽ£
ѦԺ˲һϣԱȻǵɽ£ֻһ˿ûˡ
һúӡѦԺΪֵزڰ᳤˵ˣǴ½Ӣۣ½Ӣۣ
ǴӢۡȻղըԣڰ᳤ֻѾը˰ɡ
ը
ըһ£½һ£
ըϹ󣬲ͷЦǼһ᳤ǾԲᱻըģ϶ѾΣˣǿɱ˵̫ˡ
ϹΪҪڰ᣿ѦԺšüʣЩŭ⡣ľ̴ΪΪʲôأ
Ϲų˿ѾˣܲŰûа飬ֱĺ
ҰϹüһؿǵҪ֪𣿡
ѦԺ˵Щʲôͱϣ˵ǻ˵ģǲ˵ǱҲûá
㻹ͬǰһĮ˵һô𣿡Ϲս˫ȭЦЩ
Ŀ⣬üͷһν壬ǣΪʲô
Ϲǰһָһ˶񣬲ǿڵΪżڰġ
ΪңüͷȻЩ˵ʲô
ǰΪ㡣Ϲ΢䣬ٿס䣬ҲһĨ˼֣㵱治֪ҵ˼𣿡
򴽣Բ
ϹиǺ͸ˣͷǺһЦԴԳϲ㣬Ϊƫƫ
ָһɲ
Ϲϸϸüۣ·Ҫһжӡһ΢򴽰꣬һŵ԰㿴ԶҲȤֻΪԼ켸ҹ˯ΪԷκζԣԶҶϲ
΢㶣治֪ϹԼ˼
ǰΪϴԸǲһرö
Ϲ⣬Щ㱡
ѦԺüͷøϲ˵ΪҪʲôڰ᣿
Ϲգգ۾˲䱻һĨˮסˣǰǰ߰ö˵ʲô㶼ףһ죬һջҼڰᣬͷһȾǴӦˡ
˶٣ֵİ취Ҿüñڷħޣ㹴ڰᣬһеһжġ


842 Σա

ģһ˲θߡ
ϹЦŵͷھûаǸ⣬Ϊڰ˵öԣҪͷֻܻٵĸ߰ٵһУ㱻ȵףܻͷһһֱԭص㣡
ֻһĪ
һЦ˷˽ѣϲ˽ٵ
ѦԺҡҡͷ֪˵ˡ
㲻ҵϲϹԴЩʹĵȵʱ㻤㣬㣬չ㣬ȴճںȾƣɲͷңΪʲôΪʲô㲻ϲң
֮£ʲôΪʲôü䵭ãΪƫҪԼȥڰһֻܻںڰУĺ𣿡
ϹϣãΪβϲң
û˵
ϹЦһĵصһѧԺȱŪģǵļƻҲҸ߻᳤ģѾ̤˺ڰһҲ޷ڹ֮¡
üۣϡɼĶˣЦʱźÿ
ɾһˣͶ˺ڰҲ޷
Ͷڰᣬкڹš
ϹͷһҲһɫٴ̧ʱڵĸɢȥˣڼڰᣬҴδڹ
棿Щ
Ϲ˫ᶨȻġ
ǡЦĶ񣬡֪ڸġ
Ϲʹ£ҪδңǺڰˣ֮עǶġ
ʵڹŰһһǷϣÿƲ£ڵӶˣκ鶼˱ˣٺҲá
Ѿ⿪ֻܲþһȥ
ؿֿ֮ѦԺʵԺ˵δǣҶġ
ǴǰɡѦԺƬ̣ųѧԺԲסǴȥҲϴ
šüȴûаָˣԾɶϹ¸黳
Ϲľ̴֪ȥϽòҰ׼֡
ԺǧΪ˴Żɽģ㶨ҪȥѰңҲҪҵȥ̵̣Ԩĵط
ǵȥ϶ο˵½
ֻͷһʲôڽ룬ŪĿ쳣
ָ΢΢һһѪ³
͡һѪҺȾ˵档
ҹҲһæǰסӣʵôˣĲ͸ΣΪλѪ
ŴǣѪҺʾǽָķ϶Ⱦ죬Щڻ˲ЩЩϵܵЩɢȥĸûֻҪ׶༪١
뵽ȸ½ڱħΧˣüͷֻ
Σգ֧ӣһ˫䣬űɣҪȥһˡ
ҹûҲ֪ش󣬲ȻԼӲ޶Ѫġ
ɵǸ˼ȴǿŲٱˣ˷׼ǳŷġ
ǰЩӣһֱڶƼӵȵյƼȡҩ
ȡõҩ㣬һͲͬѰãһ¾ϳȡҩ˾Ǻڰ᳤ߵө
ˣҲ²⵽Ƽĺͺڰһˣȥ󣬱㲻ͣѲƼҹṫ֤ݣһֱúΣǼȥǧ˲ӣ÷
Χ飬ֻҲ֪ƼҵЩġ
俴һϯƮҡߵһѪոһԵұ֮˴ʲô
磬޺ʧڵı룬һҵ޺ĺ㣬ȴڰʹӣ磬㵱Ϊ޲֪𣿡
ν˫ڵͬԨ
֪ͲסҪˡ
ȴʱ򣬵ᷳ
£㵽˵ЩʲôӲҪ˵Ļβ֤óҹɫ࣬ŷĿҲơ
û֤óڴ˴˵Ļмߵķ㲻ԣҲΥ
üֵ磬һٶϵΪ޲ֻ֪ǲ˵ѣ˭֪֣Ҫλ𣿡
һ룬¾ͳʮĻˡ
ҹšü£Щ㲻˵


843 ߣҲҪҵ

ܵЦһֱӻΧʿжˣǿЩ£ΪսȨǲϳͣ޵Ϻڣ
ʿȫ֪飬ֻ֪˵ĶǶԵġ
ֻҪִоͳˡ
һ˲䣬ʿǷ׷׶ϣƱҪץס
νһӻЩϮʿȫӷɵϡ
顱һʿĽųڵϣغա
Щʿϸѡģֻ˦һӣǾͺ޹֮εô
һʱ֮䣬ֻͷƤЩ顣
һֱ÷Ǹȴ֪ȻѾȫ
ڷʱ򣬷ֳֳϡ
ܵϵ⣬һתͷͶ˫ڱ˫˫û˿飬Լͺñһˣ
һŲΣҪ߱𣿡
ޱ飬ͷȴЩ꣬ǣ¡
¶ĻλûȤҪô£Ҫôͱеĳˡγе֮йҪ˷ҵʱ䡣
£ֻصǧߣ࣬ʲôҪˡ
㡱ԼвЩգɵ˫˫Ǳŵ˫Ȳ
ſˮһ뵽βԼλ鲻ɺһЩ
ڰ֣ЩҪǰʿǲˣɣպòҪٿ㣬Ӧ֪
һʿΧһֽҹǸˡ
˵䣬νջأֻڵδˡ
ıӰԹ޺Ͳʡ
˼κ½ŲֽĿͶ
δüڵԹջȥһ㶣һʱֹ
ζüۣĮڵΪ֮ɣڰΪ飬ܹ鲻ʲô³ġ
˵գ˦뿪ɫ죬绪ǧ
ıӰֱӰȫޣŻ
ʲôڰΪ飿Ѳɣ֪Щʲô
ͷһ£æǴЩСص˹
һߣϣܿͻصȸ½һص½˵ѧԺѣٻòӣѧҲ˲١
ΣյˣǺڰ᳤Ҳ˷еĲԣڰ᳤ʵСôԵ޹ʾأ
뵽Щɢȥеͼԡ
붼û뵽ͽ˻ʹߵſڱʲôԱɽ£ǧ֡
һͫ׸Ž
˵ÿģԱηиǰżС
˿̣һֻƴޣ˫䣬·κˡ
û뵽λͻȻ΢΢һ㶣˴ǿڵʱΣڰ᳤ͻȻ֣ǧΪ˴徹ԱҪڰ᳤ͬھըǿǻ᳤治ˣȻǱը˻ҽǧ⵽ش׹ɽ¡
ָ£ľ
Щ֪ǧȥ
ҵ𣿡šüʣ˫ĺڣΪˡ
ҹҲľսӵǷûˣֻҪںһӰĿ⣬һֻǵλʦĮ䣬ȴӲ֪Ҳ¶㺧˵ı顣
񽥽¶ޣޱȡ
Ѿȥˣʱδҵ򴽣Ҳȥ
νһͻȻͶˣɴ˫ɢôе˶ðҹȥǾҲҪҵ
䣬˦뿪Ȼ½Ǵһҵ
һߣе˲ŵԺ
ԴӵؿŷεıӰû뵽λʦ˿Լͽ˼գɲǧӰͺƾʧһ
ͲסҲɽȥѰҡ
ÿÿҹѰ˼գҲȫϢ
һ˫ѱһûиĻһѰңѰҲŹ˼գˣŷⵥʱᵹһ
ǧûԸҲ
ҹʵڿȥȰӣѾЩûгԶҲûкˣҪȥԵ㶫Ϣһ°ɣǷ˻Ҳĵġ
עԶûжһƬΨǧʱŻһ˿Ĳ
ҹ̾һΪǲῪˣȴʣҹ˵𣿡
ʲôҹĪ
δһüͷŽĺڵڲ֪ʱһʹûмʱϵȥˣ᲻𣿡


844 

ģãأҹ˵Щ֪˵Щʲô
ǲ֣ΪλεƮɢ
ǰǲ֣Ҳû˰ɣ
϶ڹԼ϶ǵĲȻɣǲ᲻ġ϶ڹҡνƣеĳಢδȥһ㣬˵ǲҲˣ
ҹҲЩᣬδӡ
һֱΪǿȫᱻһģȻˣ˳ǴλҪ⡣
ģһġҹ˵ţҲһĨᶨ֡
Цһû˵Ҳδ
ѰһȴûǧϢҲһֱңȴûκ
Щַ˺ö飬δڰᣬһжϹݺõףΪڰ᳤ûӰˣپݵ㱻Ҳһһ
ڴڼ䣬ǧһֱûϢ
εҲսñǰĮҲ˵һ֡
ԼͤСУһֱţδ
ǧ£ΨҵĽԶ򿪡ΣΡ
ǧ˯Ҳʢž֮ɫ
μ˷Σμ˺öö飬μ˷ڵ֪ԼʧǸģ
¶Ϊʹı顣
ˣƵطѾﰵգûˣҲûκֲͶһļŵĵط˱Ҳ˱Ʒ衣
˵֧£ͼ򿪿ռ佫Ūȥ
֮¾Ǵһѷ죬ѷͨһδ֪ĵططĴ½߽磬ޱȣ̤Ҫȥص½Ҳѡ
ǧֹһγȥѰҳȥ·ȴʼûҵԶȥһ
Ҫȥλڵǧˣӽ󣬵ԱûСһܹãû뵽ֹԼˣȻСһҲȻ
Ӳĺܡ
ǧḧԼĶӣһĨɫ
ܳʱطûбҲСһĹ֪ͣôһСҪϣһ뵽ͷһ
Сһ϶᳤úκɣˣǸС˧磬СŮҲ֪ϲкŮˣкŮ϶ۡ
ǧḧŶӣüɫŨ
Ҳ֪ˣ
ǷҲ
뵽Σǧĵһʹ˵ҪȥģȴʳˣҲ֪λ᲻ԼСѾͷٹҪ˰ɡϣЩ磬طûˣûţʱôã
ǧָһҲмģûµģʱܳȥˡ
ѡԱʵգʱҲˣһۣǽһҲǿһܻûгΪݽߵķˡ
ϵħȴе˵ƣԭİ˽׵˵ڵףҪֲҪþá
뵽˴ǧ̾һ
סˣֻҪţ޵ϣ
Ժ
ǧĶִ˼֣ԲģһſҪըƤ򣬶ʼûҵȥ·
ڴõľϣɫǲҰޱȡ
Աʱµĺ֢Щһֱ˼ŵҩҲУͦһӸ·߲ˣ̸ʲô
ǧѾˣ̸顣
СѾͷЩӻǱȥ˰ɡöĶӣҲЩģǲþҪ˰ɣ
ǧŶӣ죬Ӧûһ°ɡ
һ䣬ֻö۵ǧŶӣ۵ѳݡ
üˣͷɽ˼֣СѾͷôˣɱűð㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
ǧŶڴϴҪ˺ѣСƫƺִ֡
۵ʵûˣɵͷңҪˡ
òɴ˫˵һ
ΪھҪˣ
Ǵ˵е
ǼǰԱʹ̥İɣôܰùȥ
찡ô죿üתȻ֪ܶ飬±Ҳ޲찡СѾͷѪˣ
ŤͷһǧطѪˣѪơ
⣬ô찡


845 ıԵ

ÿҪˣѩ׵ëҲմȾһЩѪգǱǳСѾͷô찡ø֪ôˣ
ӡǧ΢ţѱˮʪҰѺгˣӦܰҡ
໣˫һæǽ˳
ЩһѪǧͷпһ£˫ҲԲˣҪˣ
ǧͷڸʹκ˵ҩ˾ˮҲ޼£СһִȫûһҪ˼ҲŪʹǳ
ҡǧ˫֣һ¾ץס˺½ǡ
ϴѪ˲ں½ο
ûаǧԼޣʹ࣬ͷҲܷǳΰ㣿
ǧָָԼĶӣЩȴǼᶨ쳣ʿҵĶӣСһȡȻٰҰѶӷϡ
һ˫ԲˣСѾͷʿ㻹ܻ𣿲ɣԲɡ
ҲЩԥⲻС£㵱Ҫ𣿡
ûµġǧһЦǰʸѣֻǰҩѣӦ̵סġ
ըûֻӶѣӲء
ңλؼءңǧק½ǲţֻҪֿһЩҾͲ£ըҶû˵ҵӲأµġ
ŮˣҾһΣҾͰСԵв
ǧЦЦġ
һȡһСĶʿ
ӻƤ⣬ûҩʹǧΣҧŴûзһ˿һĲҽ
ǿӣ۲ѡ
ҲǼģɼǿִ֣Ķ
ûЩʲôֻצḧĶͷСѾͷһҪס޶ϾҪˣʱ򻹵չˣЩ³ħչ˲ġ
ǧѱʹû˵Щʲô
ö϶˵˼䣬ʱ򣬺ǽȡˡ
СͰ͵ģǿȫҲǺ첻ģ
СѾͷҪĺӣĺӰȻǧ˻ָǺƤС󺰴
ǧһǺӣûµʱΨһִʹʧԴһᣬֱ˹ȥ
ô󾪣СѾͷűãѰ
ÿϵǸӣֵЩĶӷٳһЩΣա
ϲԼΣҲ˵ʲôֻó߽Ķӷ
ϵʱ򣬺Щ˴滹ЩľǿѪ֮ʿǷϵģж۰
һСѣȻЩ
ۣһһͷҲ֪Щʲô
պǧδ˳˯ɫֽһ㣬ҰײҰ׵ġ
ιСһЩˮ͵ҩԣС֪׻Եʮֹɾûһڵ˼
ýСŵһߣŤͷǧȫǵɫ˵СѾͷΣ˯ҹˣ
һߣüͷȴǵΪүˣŲ㽿϶ͻˡ
Ըɡ̾Ϣ
һ뵽ΪСǱʶӣǱӵģͷܲζ
СŵģѾͷʵڿˡСҪӵġò߶ӣСѾͷãҪ²ġ
ġռ⣬Ҳˮ͵ҩԣӲõġ
һҲǣ̴ӿռŪЩˮǧȡ
ǧܺˮɾǲʲôס˻һ
ûЩģһֱš
ҲһţطȻûûκûκΣգţʡó£
պһϣǧָһˡ
۾һСѾͷˣ
ǧͷһСҲܽ򵹣ָһٿһ䣺أû°ɣ
ñ죬˯ء
ǧŰ
ƳһۣӦöԼôչʲôСһأǰûԣûСһҲЩ
֪ڹԼǧĲ֪ڹңҲˣǸСӣʲôġ


846 ҵʲô

һû˵
кŮǧԴʡ
кһԵĺͻȻڣʱµſ˲٣Ϊ˵ҩ;ˮԵʣðװۣЩɰ
˵ţǽС˹
С۵ģü֮ЩΣ˶Ȼÿǳ˿˯ţҲֱӽСָסֱء
Сӣǧƣһɨա
ͷεı濡ΣοȻϲİǧ˵СֻģһͻƵһ
СϸĶֹͣطôһ˵ˣޱȣ
˵ҸøȡʲôأǧЦͣԵ
ÿգöȡ̫ó
ϹȸŲຢȡ
ˣǧһЦҲֻܿԼˡ
Сϲ֣ɺãǧһε˵ϲֵʱѾˣ֪ԼףЦ
Ҳϲ֡ЦǧҲЦ
ģѱȡ
Ըӣһƽϲ֣ǧǰԱûаˮιĸģϧʵڲУֻܸӺЩˮЩҩʲôġ
˵ЩϲֳԺ󣬾ɰ͸ˡ
һҲǳһ
ǧϲĽսڻ󣬾ԴСһ
üˣצס˶ԴӿǷǳıãȻӵߡ
ӡǧŷϲֵС̧֣ʵӣܳסϴ赤𣿡
ըȻһҲܾЩʣǰôˣϴ赤Щߣ֮·˳
㻹ϴ赤õɴϢ꣬ͱϴ赤
ǧǷסˣҪϢꣿ
õͷըСģͳܲסˣһɣҲİɣ
ǧĬصͷ
ԣϢ꣬ڴڼԾɿʱӺһЩͿԷϴ赤ļ򣬰ȥ껹ͦģʵһգ۾͹ȥʱˣϴ赤Ժܳǰƿأ
˽׵ʱƿδƣܹƣ
ǧˣͷãҾһΡ
ǣ갡ĺΣҲ֪˿ˣ
Ҳ֪ٴ᲻ԼӦòģζԼãôأ
ϲ֣ҲҪһаá
ǧ򴽽ǣȥǧһֱڿռ䱦ȫʣҲһֱͣͲǰ
ӺԽԽˣǰô
һСľ棬һСкһؿ硣
һӰֻһ۱֪ŮӣŮӷʹĵڳʲô޴ʹࡣ
ϲ󣬾ˣһ˫Ĵ۾ˮģ·һͻ޳һأӣ׺ʹడ᲻ܲȥ᲻ᶪ±ˣ
˵˵ʲôأһкȥ֪ʱ⻹ʹأúʿٽȡȻúӷϣǼǿˣ˵ΰΰ󣿡
ϲÿһ鶼Ĳѣģء׺ΰҲʹࡣϲüȫǵǣСһ
ҲͦģȴֻܿڰСˣ׿϶û£Ӧõĵʱ׻ףҪ֪׿Ǹ̬
ϲֶԼС֣Ҳ׻˫ϵħʦ
̳׵ģҲɫĳɷ֣׼̳ģҲЩ죬ǳ
ϵħףһһӽ˦Զ׷ĽŲˣ
ءϲʹĵصһ׷ˣҪΪˣӡ
ҲǸС̬޿ġðһۡ
ӣ˵ҵʲôģϲº棬һֱ˵ΪˣɾΪ˵ʲô˼أ
ƳͷСֿԼúÿ𣿡
ϲԼӣͻȻЦˣȻÿˣ˵ÿСӣ
һ飬һģ̳ģ㿴Լˡ


847 

ϲֺͷμֱһģ̳ģֻϲֱḻһЩȫˣ˲¡
~ϲ־һҵȻ÷ǳҵôҵ϶~
Ѿָԭģõٴһ顣
СӾСӣÿȥҲ硣
ʱʹҲ˼֣֮һɫâ
ϲֵɴ۾Щ⣬֪ǽʱ⡣
ҲţСѾͷҪˡ
һֱڣѾǧ׽˶ٽˣ찡СѾͷ꺢Ӻӱ̬ˡ
߽ףϲָͷâԽԽӣ߽ףʮ˫ϵħʦˣ
ɶ˵һ顣ɴ󣬻ΪԼˡ
ϲֽڻݺţ˷߽ܵףǻϵʮףϵʮӴˣ
Ŵ˲ʯҲˡ
ѽ̬̫̬ˣǰҪ̬׾ףӴϲǵ⣬ͺ׵ԼһʲôʱҲôأ
ָıӣѾ˺㲻˫ϵҶˣ֪͵Сѣһ׺òã
ҲŲͱСѱȣ𣿡ϲַʣϲǿߣ
˲䲻˵ˣ˼ϲǿߣһСѾӶûá
ûãǧϵĽɢȥһ·߳
ȥѾʮˣСѾȫ£ҲΪոս׵ԵʣƤӰۣ˫⻹һƣһ۱ȴ
ףϲסϲ˹ȥһѱסǧĴȡ
ǰҽˡǧСԴȫǽ׺Ļ䡣ԭڲŲʣȥԾͣͲǰ
ϴ赤ȻҪˡ
ңϴ赤ǰǿˡ
̫࣬Է˵ҩõЧɴ˷ը˵ø˰ɡ
ǧԼƣоӯҲǰǰˣԼܴͷħޣ
ллǧֽϲֱСһԺúȺãǳЩ⣬Żͦء
ϲǵز˲ףԺҲ𣿡
ȻˡǧһǧĶӣȻͬ졣
ϲЦü䣬һŭŵ̫
ǧЦգ˲Щ㱣ǷεС棬ֻһЦƵģһḻ̫
ÿÿϲЦգܻ뵽ΣǷҲЦĻӦҲܺÿİɡ
ϲּ񣬲ԼЩԹף㾹ȻڷѵǱÿ𣿡
ǧһ¾Ͷ˫ӲӵĴ۾۾ЩߣޱȵĿɰֻ뵽ĵ֪Ҳʮֽġ
˵ϲֵ˫һȦףղ˵ҵҳһģһô˵ҵĳȷ
ǧЦЩᣬȻÿӡ
ףȥϲֽקǧڡ
طûһ˻ˣ˵˵ϲֻǾʲôطԾϸһ룬Ծĵطܾû
ÿȻҲһԴ˵
찡;úð
һҪȥҵ
ɣ״ȥҵǧЦŴӦǰȼͣͲǰҲټϷϲֻСҲͷѰҳ·
󣬲Ϊʮ˫ϵϲҲˣȷǸ뿪طˡ
ң뿪̫ãһżȥҵˡϲֻצӣֻƤӡ
ǧȾЦһЩ
ʰһǧǣŷϲ뿪Сľݡ
СľǰģÿƳɣҪߣͷЩ᲻á
ףԺ󻹻𣿡ϲֻͷһСľݣСϵһ䡣
ҵԺͿһ֪Щᣬǧ㰲š
ϲһٴЦˣ͵һð
СӵĿ죬ȥҲ죬ϴģֻСӡ
ǧڵطЩ֣ǰ·ޣ·ȻɳĮɳĮޣ¶ǲġ


848 δ

ǰĺϵһµģ̫ȣҲ̫䣬ǳʺϾס
ɾˣΧ̣һֻСﶼûУڿռʳˮȻҲֲꡣ
ףôأϲ档
˵˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֣кööƯķӣͷӣδ󲻳
ӦûȤɣ
ʣǧжЩΡ
ԱʱһЩ㣬ϲҲڽط
ԳûԼˣǻˣѺͬСѴһƬ˰ɡ
һܴŽۣʳסڻ¥е뵽˴ǧͷüЩºͣͷкööˣһСѣҲ͵ǣоµ¥ҲкӣҲкööʳ
ʳϲֿˮˣʳĿó𣿡
϶УһࡣǧЦ
ۣðϲ˫ֲ˵úˬҪԱʳ
ǧĿˮôȻ϶ȥġ
СѾͷǰϴοʯˡǧϣһָǰ档
ǧߣȥ
䣬һֱܼʯطҲֻʯűȽһЩûκܳȥˡ
ǰҪƿʯǸǸЦ
ٴվʯǰѲǰǸˣ
СѾͷҪƿʯɣǻƲֻˣñ죬Щ
ô갡ٴȥҪǧԺҲЩѾãҲ÷εôˡ
䣬һٿֽڵעʯС
εͻȻΣֱӲʯܣûãá¡һʯŲһ
ףʯŲһ¡ϲ˫Ź⣬֪Ϊ׵Ϊܹȥˡ
СѾͷټŬ̿ˮûɽˡ
ǧһٴûãʯȻŲһС죬ȻԽԽԽԽһ˲䣬ʯڵɹâ˲ӳС
âɢȥǧźУʯһɭһĵطľдУϻвħұգɽˮ⣬һģ
ϲִδЩˣףͷʲôط
ǧҲһ˲ˣ꣬δôٴμֻû
硣ǧ΢㶣˻ǿڵȳȥƣٲãҲܱͷöˡ
ϲһ²ףҴδĻ棬úðĿԹȥ𣿡
ϲʵСһǰЩĻͻȫʧ
ȻԡǧǣС֣Ȼʯȥ״ȥ
ϲ̿ˮЩЩֱ̤Ǹɭ֣ϲֵĺףŴСħޣֻ÷ǳȤЩСǰδģ
ףЩǰ˵ħ𣿡ϲֿѯʣհȫ֪ͺԼĺһ𣿡
˻ʳڿռĺ
ôһϹȸЩܱȵģ
ǧİЦǺͺһ߼һЩޣֻħޣ͵ȵħޣ滹ԣҪսֻһƾܱ
ϲգգ۾ۣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧЦ
ϲȴֱӴڵϣץһֻСƼһħ档
ǧľٶһЦСӲ֪Сʱ򣬻᲻Ҳأ
ϲִδôĶѾˡ
Сƴ󣬾»ʲô¡
ǧҲȹڸϣûãھľӳ䷢һСׯ
Сׯ̴ðֻ̣һ۱ܸܵ峤ڵǧƣǳ
дׯа̣Ҳ˵ˣҲ˵Ѿ뿪ط½ǧһܿͽȥиׯ벻ȥƣ
ׯϲ˫һׯǲкöˣ
ǧͷ
ϲֵİ˵ģǲҲкܶһСӣ
ǧٴεͷҪҪȥ
Ҫȥϲ˷ܣδǧƨƨ߳ׯȥ
ǧһЦҲȹڸȥܿǾ˴ׯͷ


849 кñҪ~

ֻվͷǧׯڴߺ־ΥϣǧͷһҲЩᡣ
ĳ˷ϲֳͷ˿ٿӵɴһ쿴öȥкöö෿ӣףЩǲ˵ӣ
ڵ˰̯λŸָĶ⣬һЩܷõĵҩ
ֻ̯λѣӻҪ󣬸һЩǧ͵ȹЩȥڣܼණˡ
ϲһ׺ŵķǣƯ쳣
ףǽȥơϲִδЩȲ
ǧ𣬿˴ׯС
һ뵽棬ǧַܸܵΧܻԾֺǽȫͬǧЩȻȴϧ
ףкöˡϲָΧһУߴߴ˵ͣ˫ͬˮʵģףǸȥúóԣԡ
ϲָСĿˮҪˡ
ҲЩ۲ЩǳԵĶ㣬ʲôС
ǧЦЦͳ
ǰ׬ģûκܻǮĵطЩǮڿռҪùˣóˡ
СζһС̯λϻϲţϰ˺ãصʢ뵰
ףⶫúóԡϲֳԵ͹⣬͵ͳԵСӡ
ǧӰ˲͡
ϲִһۣյģѴڲϸ˵Ļˡ
˼ϲӣƯɰĺӡ
ϰϲֳÿɰȻһС
ϰǣǧЩɻգգ۾
ϰֱŷϲ֣ЦҺӳǿΣС͸ӵġ
ǧЦлϰˡ
ϲԼֱЦƯȻĹܣð
ϰתߣȴǧסˣϰǴģ·ˣܲһĶ
ڹط꣬ҲûʲôӴϵĶǴֲ£ŲϼªϰҲûʲôΪˣһ·ˡ
½߾һСׯϰЦŵȥ½ǵĻҪʮ졣
ǧиǼ
˵½ô˵뿪Ǹطˣ
ǧƣȴֲɫлϰ壬ھ׼ȥ½ǣܹ˳Ǻܿܺˡ
뿪ʱξ½ȥûλŻ½˵ϰһɫǵҪȥ½
ڵĸӿǧͻȻһ棬ôˣ½ȥ𣿡
Ҳȥãֻһ¡ϰ΢٣ֵ˵½ϵʥɽϣһҪ
ǧЦЦǲǺ𣿡
ϰʰϵĲֵ̣ȷǺ£ԵĴ½Ҳһյľ鵹ҲԵĴ½ʹˣ˴˿ҪǣֻЩѶȡ
ǧüշεӣʲôҲὫⶫС
СɣճŲԱ룬ǿЦŶǲý𣿡ǧ״һǿʵ֪ܷһ½Ļʵ˭
ϰСƣſ˵Ƿ㲻֪𣿡
ȻǷ
ûŪ
ǧЩȴûбֳֹ𴽰꣬ⲻǴͷö඼֪ء
֪Ҳˡϰѹµ䲻ƽնܹ˵ģСɱ֮
ǧָһֵЩ£ͷӦһ֪ˡ
ʲôϰȥˡ
ϲС֭ʵףʲô
һ½Ȩˡǧš
ϲֲۣͣȥӣףҪȥ½ҵ
ղ˺ö½飬Ǿ˵϶½
ʱȲȥ½ǧۣһԤУοܲ½ˣȥȸ½
ϲ۾գգ˵׺͵ȸ½ġ
״˿Ҫȥȸ½˵϶
ףǺʱȥϲ۾ɾʮ㡣
ˣϢһջȥǧ΢٣ֵǲۣھ̣պĽų̣Ӧúܿ͵ˡ


850 еͤ

ףҲ۵ġϲҡͷϾҪˣۣҲǸԸġ
ǧҲЩȥСǾ̡
أϲ̻ʣĹֻ
ǧĴ۾ٴЦ֪Сʱ򣬻᲻Ҳ
źվ͵ȸ½
ϲֳ¿ȥЩΪһС㣬ӳУҴδľ¡
˳ÿǧͷ
ϲֵ˫һ˲ÿǳϲ
ǧú̵ĳ⽵䣬һ֮˲ŽȸС
ڷָ֣˴ǰ߹ЩǵҲãϵ·ΪºÿϲִδЩֻһۣӱԲˡ
ףϵ治ϲϲ˵ЩʱҲԴףɰĽ
ǧһİϲһ׸򼸼ǡ
ϲ˫һ§סǧĲӣһڣãϲˡ
ǧסСӣˤ
ϲֲ˲ĲӣŴףھȥҵ𣿡
ǧͷԣھȥҵ
ϲָһͷЩȴһĨף˵ϲ𣿡
δôˣҲδôƯ¥ӣ˼ٻЩС
ôɰȻϲġǧͣ˲ͽеĲɢˡ
ϲһֱסǧĲӣһĦԼ°ͣҾ֪ôɰ϶ϲҵģףЩȥҵ
߰ɡǧ𴽽ǡ
շεӣſ϶ͤС
ȥѰң϶ҵ
ǧģһ˲ͷҲǳ
Ͼܼˣһ꣬ͷܹЩ壬ֻҪʲôνˡ
ǧŷϲ⡣
ϲֶǰĹţģۣǽ𣿡
ǰɡǧһʹŷϲԾ˻ʹڡ
ʮħʦȻһЩҲɱܿʹڵǰŲҵǹƥ빬š
ͷȫýɵģϲֶǰĽӣֱֵˮףööӣȥǮҪˣ
ǧʧЦСӺһǲԣ
һֱڣȥҵǧܿһͤſڡ
ͤͬһľÿ˵Ȼ֮
ϲֶǰͤӶԲˣ䲻ǽɵģеĵطÿǹɳˡ
ϲһ۾ϲףðҺϲ
ǧҲΪϲֱӱŷϲǽ棬ҡ
һ뵽棬ǧĿһ£һһľͬǰһ͸Щľ뵽һĵεΡ
ȫõģҲܿ֡
ǧһ֪ʱЩˮ˫ۡ
ˣˣڻˡףϲЩףô
ǧ뵽ҪˣҾЩˡ
Ҳüϲֲ۾ɰ
ǧռ䣬һ䷿ſڡ
ǵĻ鷿
Ƿص׼ģֻ·ʱȻˡ
ǧַ鹣һһᣬƺҪļȫӳԺָһ¶ƿ
ƿ˲䣬һ֮Ʈɢ
ϲҲɶ˶Сӣ֪ΪΣһͷֱ뵽ŵֱ򺮲ҲвӵĲͬѰ
ף䡣ϲֱǧĲӣŴŴסģסĵطɣ
ǧҲ⣬вЩȡ
仹ͬǰһģɷΧȴǰͬ
˱ţȫûκǸ׼һΪʲôĸо
뿪꣬׷ʲô
ǧͷ⣬һʱ侹Щ
ŷϲߵ⣬ȴͤмžǳһѾС˶ƲһֱźεҹҲڡ
ڷΣǲ֪ȥ
ǧšüͷξϲ徲ҲܻһѾͤʵ̫ˣһûС
˵θûعͤ
ֻȥأ
ףӦסɡϲִͻȻǰϺøɾҲ࣬Ȼ˾ɨɣϵǶ¯ﻹðǰòŵϵġ


851 ףˣ

¯ڷյ㣬ζĵţǺš
ǧһ濴һЩסĺۼͤǷεģ˸ס
ԣסͷĶȻǷΣ
ǧ˿СҲ۲ϸȻǵȵòã
ãϲЦŴӦ˫Ⱦǳ
һ䣬ܵϴȥˡ
໣ǵ˯ı죬һɱɵζ
໣ǵ˯ͷģڴϹ˼ȦմȾ˲ڷεϢ۾Цֻ͵ȵСè
ôϲĴǧǰЦʡ
ϲֽԴͷϲϲġ
ǵζðð
ǧЦԴ
գۣɫˣɷԾûл
ϲſڴϣףôδ
ǧͷҲЩϰµģܾ鲻ô˳Ǳʲô鵢أٵȵȰɡ
ϲֵͷССֱǧףǲǲҪˣ
ǧšüͷҲǿһ£ģãǲ᲻Ҫǵġ
ϲ֣ץǧСָͷһЦ˵Ҿͷˣú棬Ѿˡ
𣿡ǧǰ׸㶫ԣ
ϲæͷͶˣ
ǧȥ˵㶫ʳĻ࣬ǷһӣûôˣҲԳԡ
㳴˼СˣͶ˽ݡ
ϲͰͰڵˣһŵζ۾һƨƨܹȥϸŴ׺ģ㶼Щʲô
ˣ⣬ͷǧ˷ϡ
ͷϲ־ûԹģС̹һᣬ漴һڽ¶ǡ
ģڼϲַ·Եʲô˼ζһ˫ֱгһףúóԡ
ǧЦ
ȴδ
ǧǰЩ㱡
ϲڴϲϻζСȣͷҲЩżɼģ򴽣ɵһ仰Ҳûʡ
˾˯ɡǧȾŵƻ˫Щ롣
໣˯ˡϲקűֻʣһ˫ԲĴ۾¶ͷ
ӣǧʧЦƳͷʱϵ𣬾Щʧͤסĺۼ϶Ƿµġ
ճʳĵʶȣζȻǰЩӻס
ΪʲôˣͺȻأ
뵽˴ǧšüͷ֪λԣѲɷ֪ǻͼװ뿪ǣ
ǧҧһǿԼͷ
ģ
ãֶĵ飡
Ǳʲôס˽ŲѰȥʱ֪
ǧ˿תϴһ˲ȫǷεζ
һ֣˰ĵζ
գ˳Թ緹׼ȥͷ
ףǲȵ𣿡ϲֵֽڴ䣬۾գգ͵ģȫǺ档
ǧȷҪȣǲķʱˣȥҸʣȥ¶ˣǾȥ
ۣ׺ôϲһˡ
ǧһ۵ģ
ŷϲڹڵСϣеģҲ±Ƽ
ףˣϲָһط
ǧѭȥǿ˲ٴ׵ʿʿ˵ģӦǸͷεˣϾŴ綼ΪһЩ
ǧŷϲֶ㵽һԵУ̽ͷĿš
ףΪʲôҪϲĪ˺öడһ֪Ķ
ǧԴǱϾôģǱǷ֣Сıץһƨɡ
ϲʶסԼƨɣ໣ͷ˺ײС
ԣǵ͵͵ţǷ֪𣿡ǧӣСӵĽҪģɲ̫ļ
ϲǴĺӣͷˡ
ǧЦЦٴ̧ʱʿ˵ľȻ
ʱ䣬ϵɱѪƺŨһЩҲɱζһϸĴ󽫾ˡ
ǧ۾ٴμˣֻЩȻ
ףʶǸˣıЩ΢ϲֲѯʡ
ǰʶһˡǧ°ͣϵ㲻ɡ
ϲ˫Өʶˣźе
ǱԸ꣬Щʿת뿪վԭأ䡣
뿪ŲȴǶ£ͷ·ʲôһȵ˭ǱߣЩ


852 ʥɽϵʲô

ǧͷϲֶһۣˡٲݹҲ˻ٴһ
вûоɫ̼ͦģǧ룬ŷϲִгһȥӥˡ
Ǻˣô
ʹֻδ˵ɴ۾ֱɵԭء
죬ǰǧһˣ
ǧͼѰʲôݵĺۼȴʲôֲˣʲôݵĺۼǴȻģұǰǺÿѾˡ
ǧºɣԾЩǰġ
겻ͲʶˣǧһЦЩſųǺÿ֣ҲǳһЩҲڱϲɣ
ϤŮǾû㱡
ȻǧѾ
ǰǧըڰ᳤ɱȴʹ˵ɽ£ʧ٣ºʹʦѰ˼켸ҹδҵѾˡ
ɹ꣬Ȼ˵񻹱ǰˡʦˡỽһɻǵֲеĺ棬㲻Ѿ
ǧ֪ھʲô
ǰըʱҲΪԼȴ룬ܻıҲ
ûǧעĿ⣬΢ʱҹһԼڣʹûпݽߣҲһţһ
Ȼ򣬡ԭˣΪڲŻ
Ѷʱ˶ÿϧǳīҲ˺ôһͨɴɴԴ˺þá
ΪԵĻǷΣ˱쳣ʲôںľżˣЩˣȴۡ
ҲЩһ۾˴½صطǧ͵ʱ̫Ҳȥ·Žָл߳
֪ЩҲס
ըΣ㲻ҲΪˣǧʵڲװ
̾һһ¾ϲֵĿײһ
˴۵С۵ģʱ·ֹˡ
ϲη壬ӵɵô
ȴЩסСʦú񲻲һģ̳ġʦˣǣšüͷкЩͷȴֱˡ
ܣɵĴʦô볣һأ
Ҷӡǧڣεĺӡ
ֻЩѣ
ɴʦҲңˣ
΢ţ춼˵ֱ̫˼ˡ
ʲôþģɣ˵ҲǸ~ǧüһ㶮áı鿴
һ飬ҲԣһεĺӣʦһģһģӦ˰ɡģЩġ
ˡǧЦЦϲ֣к
ϲֹɻһá
Щκģ·ǴʦڽƵģ£
ˣҲûмΡǧɳѯʣ֪ȥĶ𣿡
Ż½ʥɽб½ʹȥ½ɵǴʦȥѧԺѧϰļѧԱ
ǧ󣬲ͷ
ҲǷΣɴɴǼ
ǲˡǧͷ̾մ½߾룬Ҫ߻ͷ·ˡ
Ĭ
ǧʣʥɽϵʲôŪʽ
Ҳҡͷ̫˵һֻħ̡
ħ̣
ȥֻͦħ̻Ĵ½ˣǸǿұƺͦϲħޣҪŪֻ棿
ϲħ𣿡ǧϲֵͷš
ϲգŴ۾˫һǹ⣬ħ̺𣿻СϺô𣿡
ǧ붼û˵ħôˣ϶ǺģҲҪȥץ̣ȥҵ
ϲֻצӣȻҪȥҵˣףھȥ½
ǧһãھȥ
ǵ˵ɾЩκðŽʵʦˣҪҪȥ£֪㻹ûȻʮָˡ
˵£ǧɫЩˡ
¶Ĵ⣬ԱҲûʲôøУֺαҪȥ


853 ף᲻ﰡ

ˣҼұȥǧƴˣҲǸСѣ˻ǻˣ޹ؽҪҲȥ
ѾˣҲ˵ʲô
΢٣ֵЩ˶Ϊħ̶ȥʥɽ֮жȻʮգʦҪСĲǡ
ǧ΢ůл佫档
ֿ˷ϲһ̧ۣ뿪
ϲֶıӰԶǸ̾һ䣬ףղλźÿᣬϵĵرζأ
ǧͷȥҵ
ϲæͷȥȥȥ
ǲͤдһԲûҪʰĵطǧֽźܿ죬ŻеС뿪˻ʹ
˵Ľ⣬ǧٻ
ɵúȣϲЩˣֱӵǧ˯û찵ء
ǧС壬ֻñȫСζ
֮㵽½ǣǧ˯ķϲֳŷȥ
ʥɽ̳Ѿ˸·еİظΪһЩҪǣͱг׼ĽǹĲųɡ
ûйģûκ£Ҳȥ
ףй𣿡ϲ۾ЩͰ͡
ûйġǧһϰ˵Ǽֱ졣
զ죿ϲֺסԼҪȥȣ˵ͷǽȥˣ
ǧᵯĶͷôɰܰװױǣ
ءϲԼĶͷҪȥ͵
͵ʲô͵סǧۣԵĿЩɢʱֱӴӳǽǱȥôǲǾ̼
̼ϲЦü䡣
ϲ׷߱ڵˣ˵
ǧСӡ
ǰɲôȼıҲű¶ϲ̼Ķˡ
Щʱ򣬷ɢ˲٣ǧŷϲֱϴڣಡ˳ǽȵ¥ϡ
ǵĳ¥ܸߣվ¿ȥķ羰һࡣ
ƻ֮ⲻͣ˸ڵķҲȫӳС
ףϿƯϲָ±ߵĹ𣬵ƻЩĿƽռĲһ
طãƽնûģϲֻû貶Ŀĵƹ⡣
ϲ𣿡ǧʡ
ϲҧСָЦֻҪ׺͵ڣϲ
ǸůСǧ֣һ
ףȥĶҵأϲֿããҹɫʵ
ǧһ٣Щ±ƣ½ǵˣ˿̸֪ĶڻʹҲпסʹı
½ҪҸ˼ֱ졣
ǸǿҸջס¡ǧʥɽ֮пʼǾҵˡ
ϲС°ͣЦôԭҲв֪ʱѽ
ǧüͷ˼ѡ
ϲסԴͰ͵ؿߣףû
ǧǣС֣Ϊߣ״ȥջЩζʳ
ϲֻδȥջָ߼ĵطŴǣ۾ﶼŹˣ˿ջֿǸСȾȸԾ
ǧһϷС׼һЩʳ
ȷϲ˶ףЩʳҴδģͷ˵ĺúá
ǳˣԺԶپͳԶ١ǧü͡
ϲִسԣùĹģһֻС
ǧĿΪͣմȾˮ
ա
ķϲַǳܣͷһطӶŹˣף㿴˺ö࣬˵᲻
Ķǧ˳ķȥ濴˲ˡ
ЩΧһҲ֪Щʲôŷǳ֡
ȥǾȥǧ÷λҲò¡
ҪȥϲﴽһƬɫ
ǧǣһͬ¥¡
¥УһΧҲ֪ڸʲô
ǧϲ֣Ⱥǰ棬һǰͷǧͿôˡ
ԭһҵҩ¿ţµǴĵģ˲˹ǧĿһֶ̧дšƼҡ֣Ҳ˵Ƽҿġ
˵Ƽңǧ뵽ƼмӲͬѰҲ֪ûвʲô
ǧμ䣬λ˵յҩ¿ţΪ˸лҶƼӵϲƼصطԸղѪͣǶˡ
ѣ
ƼҵĵҩȻѣ
һǶʱ


854 ׻

ƼҵҩĴ½õģԵҩʦȲƼҵģƼҪ͵ҩֱȺϰյĸεƼǸˣ
Ȼ͵ҩεƼǺˡ
ǰǰλϼŪЩΪҲϽȻĺܣڵƼð
տʼһ˵һӰɣܽλӣƼҳҪûģ˭֪Ƽҷǵûû䣬ˡ
˵硣һڿμ
ǧΪμĭ˭֪˵þȻӣҲ
Ŵ㽫ҪλӴӵģ뿪꾿ʲô
ӳ˼
ǧתƺȷʲôǴģһμ˭𣿡
Եա
տһۣܿͿڻش𣬡μ츳Ҳǲģ˵Щϴ赤ҩƳġ
ĵ׵Ĳ²õ֤ʵǧ۾˵Ƽĭ츳ˣǵճŮԹǴղģƼôˣ
ҡͷЩҲ̫ͻȻ֮ϼλˣŮĭҲû˵ʲôĸμ
ԭˣл桱ǧĦ°ͣ˸ŨŨ¡
м䶨ȻʲôȻ̫Źˡ
ղ˵ƬǾǰȥ쵤ҩˡ
һΣƼ׼˺Щҩ²
ϲֺסָɿʵףʲôǼ
һҵȨˣʲôҪġǧڽ͡
ϲ˫⣬ȥǵҵԺǼȨ˭
ңǧָԼ
ϲЦף
ǧԴЦ
ףǵҩϲּﶼһѵҩüͷЩҩûƵĺãΪλϲ
ΪƼ󡣡ǧǳǳˮƵĵҩ½õģЩȻϲĽҵĵҩûʲôȻ֪ˡ
ϲЩκܸоЩӡ
ԭˡ
ǧԴûҪȻؿջ
ϲֵͷЩҩ̫ƽˣ࿴һۡ
ǧŷϲת뿪ɸ߼һϤŮ
ǿһϤ
ƿô½
磬ټ˵̬ȣѲɣĿǰ£
ôҲϵĵճŮ񣬾ôӵ³֪ϲǱء
ףڿʲôϲգ۾һ䡣
ǧش𣬡һˣĿǰòҲȥˡ
ŶϲЩףȴӦһ
ʱ򣬿ջڵҲǧЩ˵ʥɽ顣
½һʥɽʥɽ֮ƣɾƬɾԣǳħ޵
ܱ˶صħޣȻͷС
˵ǰ׻̡Ϲް׻Ҳ֪Ӻδʥɽ֮УȻʥɽסӣͷ̱ĺö
ǧ׻̵ʱͷһ
Ϊֻ΢һЩħޣû뵽ȻϹ޵̣
ǵõһֻ̣սôൽֲһӼķҲȤ
ǿްֻҪǸ˶Ȥģ
ף׻̺𣿡ϲѹһ䡣
ǧЦ𣬡ú𣿡
Ĳˣϲ۾Ź⣬εʱ򳬼Ư
ǰ׻ҲģϾǶϹޡǧۣ𣬡ϲʱҾͽŪ㵱Լޡ
ãϲˡϲȥȥ
ǧĺ󱳣Щ䡣
ûãͷȻһµŮ룬ü֮ȫĺͰȻ֮ɫ
ƹģҸղ׼ķˣ׼𣿡Ůżֱ˵ơ
ƹѹסֻܹԹԵͷС㣬Ѿ׼ˡ
Ůٿڣõģھ͸Ұɡ
ƹæõķ˸
ӹԺŮϲ¶Цݣķ˲һ鴫
ƹźˮû˵
һԵǧȴ˫һ
ǧѩû뵽Ÿո½ѾλˣȻǲġ
ǧüӿռóһɴϡ


855 ʦ

ϲּˣЩ棬ףΪҪ
ǧĿбǰŮЩڣ˼Ҳ뱻ôϳ
໣ԭˣϲšСüͷԭ׵ĳ˰ҪҪ㱨𣿡
ǧҡҡͷãŮЩĽǻǱϹϵˡ
ϲӦ²ɵȥһЩ
ǧ۽ǵ⿴ǧѩܿͿǧѩʳˣ㶼ûҪͣ˼
ĿջأҲ֪Щʲô
ףϲỽһ
ǧ΢Ůһȸ½ˣһȸ½ǲʹ˵Ǹ᲻ҵأ
ϲֵ˫Щˣ²˳٣ȥٰ
ǧû룬ֱӱŷϲֳš
ǧѩû˸٣ֱӱʳһլǰ
լſڵСһЦӭȥС㣬˰
ǧѩ°̧ߣԽʮ㣬ţˣҵأ
Сһں԰кȲء
ǧѩʳ˽ȥһ·԰㿴ͤкȲǧٷ
˶͹ģʱ佫üã
ǧѩʳзϣһ䣬ǧˮأ
ԼԺȻش𣬿ǧѩһɽһ
Щ꣬ҪǧѩЩ£½һլӣȸ½Ǵȥˣ½ǵǷչãҲһЩ⣬ԽԽҲ˲١
ŶǧѩӦЩĮ
ͷȻģҲΣˣǵĺӿܾҪͷ
ЩҾҪȥʥɽˡǧѩڲһĨҲڵЩӣｫҵլӿˡ
֪ˡ
ǧѩ˫ֻأһ߸ϵģ
⻭լƵģǧڷϿЩζ
ףլӺŮ˵ģϲֱ죬ĪЩܡ
𼱣ǻġǧ
ϲ룬ҲͨˣָŵµͷףǲΪγ˶⣿
۶࣬˻ˣֻҪ˭ǰ·ǵˡǧЦŸա
ϲƵƵͷҲ֪ǲˣͷˣ渴ӵĺܡ
һʱ򣬾ûô¶
ҵԺ󣬾ʹŵߣõҲȾˡ
ǻȥɣûеϲ˽ǧУ˶óЩ۾
ÿģ
ǧĺ󱳣ܿ뿪
ǧѩȻðһլӣʵЩ֡
˵ǧѩôڰпܸһʾ޿ծ壬µĽȻðһ䲻լӡ
£ڰ᳤˵ѾˣЩҲһɢɳǧѩ˺ڰᣬôûа־ɫ
˵ڰ᳤δ
Ӧòɵըˣڰ᳤Ӧǻȥǧ΢˼ȴʼ벻͸ЩҲû˵кڰµ飬Ľɢ˰ɡ
ϲ̧ڷˣ̾˿
ǵطԺԽԽϲˣҵԺ󣬿ܾͻˡ
ϲսСȭͷţҪҵ
һߣǧѩڼд˻ͳˡ
Ҫȥķ½дʹйݣ滹ǸʳУȻҪȥʲôˡ
ߵйݵʱǧѩɾС˲϶˵Ц̣·ҪȥʲôƵġ
й֮˵ǣīǶڣ½ѺľҲڣ׹ǰ׻½ʹ
ǧѩüֱƹǳԺȥ
ɴɴֺģšüͷǧѩô£ͷʦסܣʲô𣿡
ԴҲüͷԼõķҪҲ˱֡
˵áһˡ
ǰ绪ŮӾȻˣһķʽǾ½īҧǧѩķüͷ䣬ЦʦŲ̰ͼɫ֮ˣͰʹȥˣƼʦüͷһ𣿡
ǴΪǧ뵽ǲײӣɴɴ˲Ц𣬡ǴˣʦŲ
ǧѩȴûǵ
ʳУڴسסȥ
ǧѾˣֻҪٶһЩܴİɣ


856 û

ûԷλδģǰ绪ӣܹοǸѾˣ˵Ļˣ
ߵεסſڣǧѩ˷䣬ǰš
ûһҹ㽫Ŵ򿪡
һϯ£ȫ¶մȾż˿ЩŻˡ
ǧѩûһ˵ҹΪ׼һЩʳҽȥźӳԷ
ҹ֪ڴʲô⣬ɫһ䣬źӳԷǧСȻȥɡ
ǧѩԸεӰûǱ֮Ҳ˵ȥҺòһˣҽȥɣһźĺã
źúܺãҹ򴽣ɫǲѡ
ǧѩɲģûκҪߵ˼
ҹķңɴִ򲻵ããֱĵ
ҹôˣһ˪ĺ
ǧѩͷһ
Ƿεɣȴ˷ɫȴԾɺˡ
ǧѩ̿ˮ˲С
ӣǧС㣬˵ͷġҹʵ˵
ͥԺδ¶棬ʳ£ˣ߰ɡ
ҹתͷֿǧѩǧС㣬㽫ʳ£ûʲô߰ɡ
ɣҶҪʦҹǧѩЩҹֱӴ˽ȥ
һȥ㿴ͥԺеķΡ
ɫķ˿ƮϴһϮѩۣ̫һЩȴϲ廳ʲô
˴µķΣ£ǧѩһޣĿڸͣ
µķִ֮һĨѩɽѩ˺飬ɾԾɶ˻ϧ
ʦͷġǧѩϵļȥЦ
üĺڵ˫Ǻڶϲŭ쳣ҹģ
ҹǰϥأµʧְӳͷ
ΰڰ֣ʲôû˵
ǧѩվһ࣬ҹڵؾ˼ֻΪ˸ºӡ󣬱㿪˵ʦҲҪҹˣִҪģҹסҡ
ͻأһʱŪܱЩΡ
ҹûΪ˵飬øУڵϡ
θǶ޶ãȫ˿
ǧѩվһ࣬Ҳյ
δܹ裬ɫҲΪѿ˼֡
£ˡҲ֪˶ãǿ˿ڡ
һ翣ܿͱɢˡ
ǧѩվԭأûһҪߵ˼òײżһ棬ôˣ
ʦܲܲߣǧѩָ⣬¶ӣźԷɺã֪æ˶׼ʱԵġ
ءΰ֣Ȼȥɡ
ҲߣǧѩҧĿЩȴǾˣʦҶֵˣֺαҾ֮⣬һᣬ𣿡
üɫ䡣
Ѿˡ˪
ǧѩüֻۣú壬Ҳŵõһһ׳ӵʦǧѾˣǰѾˣʬѾ˰ɣʦֺαһˣ
γָҲһ
û
ʬǶûҵ˭˵Ѿˣ
ǧѩûע⵽ı飬˵øΪʦҲù˰ɣ㲻̧ͷǰˣҶȻǧá
˻£βۿ
ǧѩЩΪǷοˣе䣬Щˡ
νеĺԡ
ǧѩһֻо˿̺һ˫εڶĺŴҪȴֻؿڷޱȣͺҪϢһ
ʵܲˣԼĲӵڵϣģǱаָ߰ӡ
ǹεΪŨһЩ
ǧѩ֪Ƿɢѹ·ǧأȥܻġ
ûȡγһ²Žѹһա
ǧѩصˮУƴʿòһЩ˿ҲԷθΪɵ˼֣Ҳ˵ˡ
ʦͻȻ뵽ЩҪ뿪ˡǧѩȹڣһ㳯ͷܣͺ񱻶׷һ
ûһۣҹҹȥŹϰɣҲҪֲɵ˽ˡ
ҹȥţֱӽĭ⣬ĭһ±ƿŽյĴš
ܳ
һССˣ
ǧѩվһ࣬ЦֻƴС㣬ʦģ


857 ϲģұϲ

ĭû˵
ǧѩ˫ֻأֵϧʦһףŶ
ĭЩᣬһ뵽ǧѩҲǱϳģ𴽰ЦҲµûǧСҲǱϳİɣˣʲôԽǰ㣿
ĭ˵ֱס
ǧѩ˫һһ׺òѿ
ĭ𴽽ǣڳһʤߵ̬
ǧѩᣬתת˵Ƽҵ˼λӲճŮӣҲ˵ճŮӶˣ
ǧѩ˵˵ĭ˫Ť
ǧѩЦס꣬ҵˣǸƼҵճŮ
Ǳʹĭŭ޲ýǧѩҲ˺ˡ
Ҳ⡣ĭȶŵүǲῴ˵ģϲĶȻң㣬ǰƲǰ׷ѹѡ
ǧѩߣǲǰ׷ѹơ
䣬ǧѩת뿪
ĭıӰſڴ˻Ҳ뿪ˡ
ڡ
ͥԺУϵѩ۷׷ɣ˫ſգҲ֪Щʲô
ˣ˵𣿡̧סҪ뿪ҹ
ҹ½ŲСˣ˶Ȼġ
˵ҹԽԽ
ʵҲûиףѾˣǧڣ϶ɶô˾ȻûϢѾ˰ҹȻ룬ҽʵ뷨˵
ӳܲסδһ仰Ҳδ˵
ҹһֱţȫչ
֮󣬷βʵҹ˵Ҵºÿǰºÿ
ҹ΢㶣ȫ֪Ϊʡ
Ӵʲôÿҹ򴽣С˵
ʹҲ֪Щʲô
ҹźһԣȴڲͣġ
˵ҴºܺÿƿͻȻ˿ڣֻҪϲģұϲʲôϧ
ҹٴס
һֱŰɫΪֻϲ˰ɫȴ뱳ôһΡ
ӣǰ˷˰ηվ˳Ⱦ˪Щӱ̳ӣڴ֮ǰͱˣǶü
䣬ν뵽ڣҲ
ȥҹҲ뿪
ջڣǧʲô£еĲˡ
ϲգŴ۾ףʲô£
ǧϵˮղͻȻҲ֪ˡ
ϲ˫ֲţȻļã϶½ĳǣ˭б̫ɰأ
ǧһС壬ģζԣôɰο϶ˡ
ϲһסָ˫ģҺЩ
ǧͷһ£ҲЩӣʵҲЩ
ر롣
һֱǸܵĵ䣬ϲָֽסףͶ࿴ң㲻˵һģ̳𣿡
ǧһѣЩǾҪȥʥɽˣڴ֮ǰǻǵȽռһ
ðСˡϲЦ֡
ǧһΣɫӴޱȣȴǱ˵Сŷϲռ䣬һ뵽ͷŨ
ſռڵһУٿһѵķϲ֣ǧЩ㱡
ԺǲǸýռأ
Ͼ˺ӣҷεˣ㽫ռ˵ȻƤӶһ¡
ټѾ˵ҲһӸ׼Щܻǵ̹׵ġ
ףЩϲƨƨܹקס䣬ױˣȥ
ǧЦЦš
ʱǧĺɫǰΪҫһЩ
ҲԣϵھŲˣʵҲõ˲ߣҲԼԼˣʵǿȻҲűǿ
ףСƯˡϲ°ͣЦӯӯؿźɫ
ɫС֣Ǳġ
Сˣ
ǧʧЦһǣŷϲֽ뵽ڣһ뵽ͷһϡӣȥŲ¥ڶ¥ɺã
װգȻܽ뵽ھŲϲȴǼǳҲġ
Ҽұˡǧ˰תھŲ¥
ھŲ¥Ũǧһ뵽ͷоХ


858 ƽ

ǧȴһ˲֮ٽ뵽ڣģȫˡ
ҲԪܱ߷裬ģɫģƯǳ
ϣǧû¶ֻҪ뵽ʥ׻úЩӡ
ʥһִܵлﵽף۷壡
ִܵ۷壬лΪ
ǧĦԼ°ͣٶȣӦִܵ۷ɣ
ԣ
Ȼ磬ֵõ׿ռ䣬ǲִܵ۷壬̫ԲЩԴˣ
ǧһеļᶨʹΪ˼֣һ㿴ǽϺи͹ĵط

ж
ǧǸ͹λãҲʵں棬ȹھ˹ȥ
䲻ÿ¥жһжЩǼΪģҩ¯Ƿϴ赤ҩ䷽֪Ǹ͹طʲôأ
ǧ棬͹ĵطĦһ
ûãǴһֻá¡һ
ǧ΢ϸһ㿴͹ǽѾ򿪣ţһ½дǽ̽˳
ֽϵŷӻƣڵƻҫԵز
ǧڽĦһ˲һĨָܣǧ۾ܿ㽫дˡ
ৡһӽ˲Ͱǧ˫ˣæ˫ֵסɢȥ֮Ŷۿȥ
зһŽɫӣӺܴƯҲһЩƣһ۱
ǧӷڷе˵ࡣ
صģҲ֪ʲôĺܿ죬ǧ㷢ӵ»ѹһ
ŷƵĺۼѾܾԶˣǧº棬ֽչ
չ˲䣬ǧдЩʲô
дӽСƽ顱Ч˳뵽ھŲ¥էһӺԼûãɶԷϲð
Сһڵȼֻڵڶ¥ǻӣͬԼһˡ
һϲֵٶҲӱСһҲ˵Լһκεȼ̫ãԸˡ
ǧƽ鴧Уܳȥҷϲ֡
ʱñģȻ׼ӣѲɣѾһ֪˽ˣ
ǧЦЦܿ˵ڶ¥
˿̷ϲһţһǧþסĴȣʵСѾͷ㲻ڵھŲ¥ôˣ
ǧƿ˲ƽӳС
öǰӣɾһСѾͷǴĶģ
ҸղڵھŲ¥Ϸֵġǧеӣ΢˵߰ȫ뵽ھŲ¥ҾŸԡ
ýеĻƽ飬ٴξСѾͷˣŻƽѾʧϰˣ뾹ȻڵھŲ¥С
ǧϲеˣռ䱦ģ涼Ǻö
¿ɱСˡŤͷϲ֣ԺٶȶȻӿ죬ֻԺΪԽС̬
ǿҶӣ㳬ԽˣҲġǧˮ
ó˼ۣ˺ԺϵҲЩ仯˼֣ǰǰˡ
׵ĹȻһ°ͣһ̾
ǧûᣬֽĿͶϲϡ
֮ϲֲŽһ۾ͿվһǧһϲףҲ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷҷһöźܺʡ
ϲ棬ףʲôöЩƣ
ǧƽŵǰһǣϹ䡣
ϲֶǰСֻһ۱֪ⶫѰ֮ףⶫǸñɣʲôأ
߰ȫ뵽ھŲ¥ǧЦ˵
ȫھŲ¥
ϲȻɴ۾ף˵һòã
ǧĵ˵һ顣
ϲ󣬱Żƽ֣ۣ龹ȻԺǲǾͿԺһͬˣ
ǵġǧͷ
ʱϲеЦԣƽ鴧ڶٲȻһӣãϲˡ
ϲ뵽һڣκֻһСֻܱȡ
ôǧֱӽ
ϲԸ׵ЦøƵġ
Ӵ˶ǧ㱧˵ھŲ¥ڡ


859 ķﱦ

һɲǣŨϯϲȴûܵκʹ࣬糣ǧ£ƨƨߵسΧţڴ̽鱨
ףǵھŲ¥Ũ¥׿ˮһûζϲһӾϲһڵϹһȦ
ֱ·Ⱦ˻ҳվ
ӣϲֱһֱڵھŲ¥
ֱһС̬ŸھŲ¥ûãͻƵļˡ
ӵԲһӶǱ̬갡Ҫˡ
ǧһԺǿҶӣ
Ŵζ˵һ仰
ǧһΪϲֻ
ϲħԪظֶɫǻϵɫϵԪؽһ˲۳һʷ׳ʵӫʴ
־£ǧһμŷϲǼ̳ͷεûԲŻֱİɡ
ۿСԺ֮·ǰ;öʴӶԲˣǿߺǿСȻҲǿߡ
ǧЦЦȴû˵
ʱ򣬷ϲ׳ɹΧƵĲʴҲʱʧ˫еԪعâҲܿɢȥ
ףҳɹˣϲһϲؿԼ˫֣ĽˣҵĻϵħĽˡ
ϵħɹĽףϵħȴףҲǳˡ
Ҫ֪ΪʥŮǧѩʮʱŵĽףϲĽˣֱȱ̬̬
͵ʱ򣬾ᶷءǧһ˵
ϲҲ˵ǰ¼
ǴʮʱſʼģȻһ·ѹЩνţΪ½ϵһ˫ϵħʦţƷǳر־
Ӷ־ҪΪˡ
ף֪ʥɽ֮ʲôʱʼ𣿡ϲƨƨܹȥȡ
ǧķӦɣǳȥ̽һ¡
áϲ⾧ӨҮֿԳȥˣ
˿ռ䣬ҲЩ硣
ϲֿԼŲڵɱʵףΪʲôҪڱϵӰԭӲÿ𣿡
Ϊ̫ÿˣײŻϵӵġǧɴЦŵ̫׵ˣǼÿȻὫץίһ£ڻδҵ֮ǰӣɺã
ϲСһԼؿڣðɺðɣǱίһ£ҵԺǾдɽˣߣ޴вɣ
ǧЦЦš
ַǷʥɽ֮ڼЩ˶סˣһڳװ꣬ҩ궼ˡ
ʥɽ֮գЩװ͵ҩܹǲġ
ףҪЩװˣˣ𣿡ϲָһװꡣ
һ˫սѥٶȿ켫ˣҲӵһ˫
Ҫǧʡ
ϲæͷҪ
ǽȥǧŷϲֽȥ
װܴ󣬻ϸǰ˸ɫװǧһۣզࡣ
ù󣬼ֱڵ˼㣡
ϲ䲻̫۸񣬵ҲЩˡ
ףǲǺܹ󣿡
ǧ˿ܣһ˫ΪŵѥӶҪڽңôȥ
̫ˣҵǼҺڵꡣǧšüͷ䵭
ϲԼȻôڣױǲҪװ˰ɡ
ϲô˵ȴܳʵ۰ͰͿЩװЩᡣ
ģǧҲЩܣʵ̫ôҲټҲûôǮϲȥҿɡ
ϲ̾Цˣã
Ÿһ̣߳ǧͿһϤˡ
Ǹ޵Сô
ǴѧԺ
ǧϿһȦʱСϵȫʣǱӲһЩټģͿ㣬·ֻҪվǶ˵Ŀ⡣
Ǳˣ֪ԸûСǱǸ𣿡ǧָ¡
ϲ̧ȥˣףĪҲУ
ӦһѰɡǧ͵廹ģƳĶȵúöˣҪ𣿡
ô𣿡ϲֺ档
ǧֵ°ʹҼġ
ϲ˸СǣףҪ
ԣȥڶС㡣䣬ǧСС
Сܻ˲¶ȻԹԹ
ʱǰ¶ʵݣֻܳ²ߡ
ǧģ˼뱩¶Լһǲ鷳һԭҲһֲŰ


860 ֪ܣ

ѾˣͻȻ֣֪л룬ʱԸı顣
ʱᶨ£ܻ˼룬ᶨѲڣЩͲž˼ʱ򣬷ϲֻ潫ƭˡ
ף˴ˡϲקµ䣬Цӯӯ
һ±ơ
ղСС˵·ˣؼң±һˣһС·Ͷ˵С
ȻСкӣ˵ɰĿ˭֪СȻѣһƫƧСҪɱ
ӡʲôǺðβһԼ
СȥǧЦ
¹ⳤˣȴûгôС
Сòǻϲʶľ͹ԹԴңʶģСĽ㽫·ˡǸʱҪ޵ģǧʵ̲סˣҪ
ϲֵɴڲۣ׺䣬ҪĽడ
ҲŻˣӳڶû˵Ůӡ
ӣ̫º۾ҲҧţǸģһֻСӣرһ
վһ࣬ȫ֪ԼЩʲôӣۿ˼֡
ǧ˼ۣܾЩԾǵϷ˼ѣôĸо
ԣڻһӣ£֪ʦ㲻뱻͹Թ԰һþߡ
¶ɻô֪Լ֣֪Լʦ
򴽽ǣɫɷףͱˣ
ʶһϿȥȾǼܱܿ¶˾Ȼ
̫ˡ
ɫԣǧҲڷֹҲûôɣô¾񿴵ʲôһ
ιﲻ仰ɡǧüͷ
ԲЩһĨŭȴ˿ûҲǲ֪ЩʲôҾԲġ
º۾ֵҲﻵģɱңҲͷġ
ǧüСӹﵹִֵͦİ
СǷḻ˭˵ҪɱˣǧüһǲҴ˽ѹ˰ڳǽϰˡ
ϲһź䣡
ֻԴһѣ˾˲񣬡ǲﻵġ
±۾Ҳšˡ
û뵽Ƣͦšġǧ̾һȽɴժ£ҲˣҶ𣿡
ɴժµ˲䣬ǧž˫ҲӳС
¶һ˼顣
죡
ˣǸһѧԺѧϰǧ
˵ڰ᳤սʱԱ˺˶²Ѿˡ
£ȻվԼǰһģаըµĺ֢
ǧûָǧ쾪ˡ
ˣ˵ǧЦЦǵ٩֮⡣
ӰڲҡҷҲ˹
˼Ҹûһúúõģ
Ƕ˵ѾˣûˣҲΪѾˡ¼Ҳͻأ֣һΪʲôˣˡ
ãǼûб֡
˿ǧЩԣ⸱ģͺ±˷ʲôƵġ
Ѳɣ˶㵨С裿
ףСϲͻȻԴЦǺǵ£ǱȱҪС弸갡
ҪòǧԴ
ϲֵǸˣԲ𣬱˵㵨Сġ
ע⵽ǸСȫӣźģСȻǧĺӣ
ȻûŴ׵ò
¹Źֵؿ˷ϲһֽۣĿͶǧϣˣ
ʧ꣬Ǵ˸ֱ£
ըʱҾͻˡǧ𳤷ЦӦ֪ͼ޸˴ʦ
֮⣬⺢ʹʦε죬ȫ񰡣ϵĺʲô
Ŵ꣬ȴǲ˵
ǧ֣¼ϣ£ȻˣܰƷʲô𣿡
ɡµͷǧӡҲͦġ
סڿջڡ㿪ڵҪһȥջ𣿻֮͹


861 

һȥջɡǧϲ۾ģ֪СһȲҪˣֻҪһ춼Ȳˡ
ջſڣϲָǰĿջԵ֣Ҳסջ
ǧǰϤĿջҲԵ飬΢Ӵ
˫Ǻ죬Ȼסһ
ûзְ£㲻ѧԺʹ𣿡뵽ջͷǧʵʹӦסڱİɣ
°ڰ֣Ҳʹ˵ʥɽֿġ
ԭˡǧ¶ʧһ·ε顣
²֪ʲôתͷǴԼ䣬ҵ߶Ҫķߣ
Ҽұһܹľͺáǧ˵ЦҲһҲνġ
룬Ұÿ˴һɡ
ǧ΢㶣СӻͦʵڵǾͶлˡǹʣһģ
ŷĶ䣬͵岻ϴ֣ҾֻԼһ˹ˡ
ǧ´ۣǲСһİ
ʥɽ֮пʼˣҲȥ𣿡ǧ˫ֳͷЦؿ
´Ӹ˼֣ԶָͷȻҪȥģ˵ʱ˻ܸܶ࣬ܲһȥ
ǧǴλþСӾȻͷ·ˡ
˵ʥɽǳСһ˽ȥָͷֲ嶫ˣЩ˶ǱŰ׻ȥģŶࡣ
СһʧʥɽϴǵĻ׶༪١
ڹϵְǴߵķݶϣǧСˣɣȻԵǵʱ͸ǰɡ
²Цлˡ
ǧڰ֣лʱ¶ҵݾͳɣϾҲǸˣͻȻָһЩˣһǿٱ¶ݰɡ
Ȼ̫ףǵͷ
ϲֻϲģȻЩСʲôģźȣ۸ӡ
գ۾ַ죬ɱסˡ
ۣʱ˧
ϲ֡ءһ͵رסµĴȣ壬ʱ˧ϲ
±һֿʼˡ
ǧ֡
ϲֺܹԣֱ֡
ûã¾ͽãƺˣԿɣЧӦñϵĺá
ǧһסˡ
ǺãǺ˼
һЩ÷ߵģɺƵıֱ֮
µķһ۾ܿǴʦֱʣϸڶΪ£ЧǺõˣַǷŵϵĻָҪһۡ
ߺܺãϵĺ̫ˡǧɳ¿˼ַۣҲֻд֮˲Żӵаɡ
͸¶ĹҲʾĲƽ
ټղŵĽͼɵǧȷݵĲѰ
壬ʦ
ǧһԺкֳһң
ַгֵңǸֹϵļ塰ڿʲô±ͷƤ飬򴽣̲סʵƵĶ𣿡
ǧͷѹ£ֵûʲôҾͻȻ뵽һЩ飬ЩˣӦòǰɡ
ɻʲô
ǧɻĿ⣬ЦߺܺãҲ롣
ӦһŰࡣ
ףҿߡϲ뿴ߣκ̫̣ʲô
ǧߵݸ㿴ɡ
ССģʺС壬ҷϵĻƯ£ϲһ۾ϲˣŷˡ
ۣƯķߣϲ
ϲЩܳҲСĿɰ֮ʲô˼Ըɰ
²Դ
أϲֱȻһ۾ֻС̹һ
ǧţʧЦһڲأ
·дһض飬£պ㣬һͬʥɽ
µͷȴ뵽ʲôһʵʥɽҪһɽӣŪ𣿡
ǧȻ½ŲҪнɽӣ
ôôࡰӣǧʵ
ӡ´ȡһöӣǽɫģһʥп쵽ڰǰ쵽ģżһЩ
ǧֻԿЩۡ


862 һó~

ǰ
ǻǸطûгҲʹգʱھϽ˽ˣҲʱӸżɡ
ǵù
£û£͸һȥʥÿǧ¡
µͷ£ЩӦǧӡ
õ˿϶𰸣ǧǣŷϲת뿪
ڶգǧŷϲµš
¶ŴëţǸģԻδ˯ѣú硱
ոջء
ϲָĴëЦ徹Ȼ˯˵˯ô̫ɹƨɵġ
ˣһСϷˣ
ϲЦȫûʶԼϷˡ
Դͬ͸ƻ·ɡ
ǧͷ
ܿ˾ʥſڡ
ʥǳһ˻ã治ħʦвʵȺߣȻڻ£ʵɻʵԽģҲ˵ÿһֶǻʵ۵£Ҳʵµġ
˵ʥ꽨ģӻ£ǽǰɫԡʱһ˵ʥϡ
˵ʥǰġ¶ǰʥãǰҲ֪ʲô½·˷һΪԼطµȼߵˡ
΢٣ֵЩΪ˽ңȻҲⱻǲö֮Ҳ˰칫˵طһʲô¶ύʥõȥ
ǧȻصͷ
ֲӵҪʥˣԭͷǷˡ
ǰ׷ʲôأ
Ȼ÷ԼȥȻطվ˽ŸȻǸɫ
ҪҪȥָŴţ¾в˽ģƶӵİɡ
ǧͷȥɡ
ʥͷʥصģͷȴǺ죬ÿǽӲӵģϸһƾȻȫûƽɵģֱϹ˵۾
ϲֶҵĽֱӡ
ףǽӲӵģֵöҰɣ
ǻʵۣǺԣǧ˳Ļ̾һ䡣
ϲǰ̫ûˡ
ȫ˵ЩʲôûǶɺʲô˼أ
ǰӵĵضˡ䣬˵˵
ǧͷϲֶ£ˢˢӵĵضȥֻһλħʦϷżɫӣƯҫۣǧһ۱ˡ
ǸǽʥɽӰɣǧָϵӣʵ
ش𣺡Ǹ
ȥǧǣŷϲ̧֣ž˹ȥ
ߵǰħʦͷ΢̧ȫǵˡ
ǧҲûգְŪϵӣʵЩȥʥɽʱҪõھͿˣ
֮ħʦ̧ͷ´ǧۣڴӾڿһƷһһɫͷؿڵǰǿģڹضˣҪܵõӡ
䣬ħʦһƺν
ǧԼıӡ
ǱˡЩôģǧȫûӰ죬ǸСආѣֵ㲻ȽңܲãǾԼˡ
ħʦٴߣеļڽˣԼɡ
ֱӶǧһֽ
ǧɲգȫ˿ͷϸϸǰֽ
˵ʵǴܶѣҪõƣӮʥڵħʦ˵ɣ
ܰʵóġǧֽŸ£ЩģҲȾһ˪
ħʦһǧۡ
һذµŮӣΨһ˫۾ޱȣžǹӪ˵İɡ
ħʦߣûǧ
ֱӶǧһƣȥŶӣʱе־̨ȥɣҿҪһ䡱
΢΢һ٣ǧЩüʲô
ħʦֵסͷЦò⣬ǶԴħʦ߶ʲô࣬ʱȱ첲ȣûɱڰ
ܵĶ⣬ǧͻȻЦЩͲˣҼȻη壬ˣҼұһưɡ
ħʦע⵽߻վһСȫǺɫӣѿ쳣
ҲμӣħʦһŹ֣СŲӣҪȥָ˲зϡ
ǧһ̯û취Ӯˣǲܸһһİɣ


863 ׻

ħʦһ飬Ǻǣ治͡
Ҫ֪ƶûٴ˺
Ӯֻ֮һƣ㻹Ҫһ飬ֱΡħʦһû£ģ⺢Ӳɣ㵱
ǲԹ֪ǧüѾˡ
ħʦϲһƣСţǲˣ͹Ǻĵɡ
ϲû˵ϰƣһϲɫ
ܰϲˡ
Ǹطʱû¾ͺͺǴܣˡ
ǧ֪ԼҺӵʵһķġ
ƣС˵ĴãʱѾ˳Ķ飬Ƕ԰׻̷ǳȤ
ǧŤͷһ̨֮վżħʦЩħʦļģȼߵ߽ף͵Ľҡ
ǰǧܻЩЩ֣ѾﵽʮףЩ͸ðײһ˿ûΣԡ
ףź硣ϲ̨ھӲӵģǳ˺档
ǧķȻҪǻҪ磬֪𣿡
ϲæͷЩȻ磬ȴû
ǧҪСһȥ򣿡Щ˼գգ۾֪ϲֵʵĵġ
ģСţȻҲ̨ġǧü
򴽣ȴֹ
̨ϵıԲϽţеҲԽԽ٣ǰȡӵʵ̫У̨ЩħʦʱǱŰȫûκλֵ
顱һһ˴̨¡
˱ñףǿ
̨ϵħʦȴǱһָһڣˡֱԣڳĸλ
⻰ͦ޵ġ
һֱӶħʦԹޣǶݺݶħʦȴֲжΪħʦʵȼȻ߽ףǸͲĶ֡
ħʦ˫ֻأЦ޼ɵϲɱԼȴ޿κεı飬˼
ף˺ÿ񰡣Ȼ˵Ƕϲֱ죬СЩġ
ǧ˫˶õģʱ״аְ֡
ϲһ˫ͬǳͷʢ˳ݣۣ׺ó㣡
ǧЦ
վһԵȴһ仰Ҳû
аְ֣ʲô˼
ʱֵǧ̨ˣ·̨ǸģȥɢƵġ
̨ϵħʦǼȫûаֹԣЦˡ
ͷҪһţ
ղħʦ˫ֻأڽʵιҪѡǵһ򣿡
ǵġ
ⳡ̨ѡ֣Щħʦ϶Ϳһҩˮһ˸͸ǵĵȼѡȼ͵ľ׬ѡԼȼߵģ군
ټЩ˵ս黹Ը͸ˣԵھûȡӣ
ǧ˫ֻأȼʮףȻ͸ǲҩˮǵʵȼ
ɡǧָǰħʦ䣬Ҹղżŵģԣͦˬġ
ϲֱֵ֣໣Ҫˣ
ħʦȴһЦȴҪѡң
ǧǰ𣿡
Ȼԡħʦ´ǧۣһʱ侹Ȼûȷ׶ټžǸᶷķɡ
뵽˴ħʦЦ񣬡ղӦҲЩ˵Ĳ˰ɣʱȱ첲ȣɱ໿ް
ᡣǧһۣ˷ϻࡣ
ʱŶӵҲǧЩ
ħʦӦǵȼߣģǰս˶ŰòΣ˶֮ЫŮ˾Ӳţɣ
ŮǲɵȻֱˣ
ʱɱŰɳ˹ְ
㿴ɴأƱǸ˹֣
ϲǵɫѿ
ۿ˺ûȻ˵סǣǾں˵ġʾο
Ҳû׻ģϲСȭͷĵ
ʱ̨Ϻһĵһɫĵ
ŤһξľХһɲǾħʦͷȥ
ħʦȻɴȴ㲻
顱һʱ̳ħʦû̳֮в֪
ǧ̨ϣӰУǰɣ㲻Ҿ˵ϵħѣ˾Ͷ㲻ȥˣ


864 ױ

ʱЩŶӵȫסˡ
죬ղǵϵħǿԹӦڰ˽ϰɿȻ˵˵ħְ˽ϵħǻ˵İ
˲ǧĿҲ˲١
Ůû뵽Ȼǰ˽ϵħʦ˽ϵħʦ½ϻͦ٣ǸĴڰ
ʱ̳ɢȥҲ׿̨ϵ
̨뱻һôĿӣмħʦ泯ڵϣȫ·Ƶڲ¶ļҲб罹ĺۼ
ؿģֻǻȥˡ
Ȼһ¾ȥˣǧźҡҡͷҲ˼ڽҲ̫˰ɣҼǵãղŻͦš
Ͳɳ鴤
һ£
׵һ
ħʦһڵϣоޱˬ죬ղţڵõӦ˰ɣ
ǧÿͷһǷҶӮˣǲӦðӸˣ
̨ʣµЩħʦͱŵĿɿڴȥħʦмֶΣȼҲߵġ
˭֪Ůǰ͸ðײһֻһоͱˡ
찡½ϾȻ˲
ܽ¸߱£ǲǻǺöͣ
ħʦſˮ׼һȥ¡
ӣպáħʦ֪ǧĶ֣붼ûͽӷˡ
ǧӹӣ䴽ЦǸǻҽʦһ°ɣʱˣҿɲ븺ġ
ħʦǺٺһЦŴ˽ħʦ̧ߡ
̨ϲһ˽ۣҲţǵͷʱİ
ǧЦûˣŸ˭
ϲҧָͷе
ǸӵġǧɫǸӵĽħʦѡÿ֡
ϲֵͷףΪģ
ǧֻۻޱȡ
ֹһֵϲˣŤСƨ̨
ȥʱ򣬲̨ϵħʦסˣЩŶӵҲԭء
죬һҵСɣ
һСȻҲʥɽ֮Ȥ
ֻһѣһСҲɰȫǺɫӣ࿴۱Щˡ
͵СҲ֣
˶Сָָ㣬ȫֿϷЦݣСӵƤˣĿľͻ
ǧۣ䵭Ŀǵ롣
Сһۣ뵽СǸһģѲɣСĺӣ
ĸ̫̫˰ɣȻԼҺȥ
ʶǧֻ룬ȫҵ˵ˡ
ǧĿջأȾһƶıɽ
̨֮ϣϲֱѡкӵħʦ
ħʦԼǸСⴽһЩˣС֣Ҵﶼʶ
ϲգ۾ôᣬôɰ᲻ʶأ
ħʦߣǸ
սһ
ħʦǱϵħʦŻͦ
ǵϵϻϵϹŻֻĻ棬ǺɾͺֻϲһɫĻ˸ͷɫܵȴǺÿǳһ۱
˿̣Ѿв۾ֱˣǵɫȫǾ֮̾ɫ
죬⻹ǵһοôƯɫĵɫͺһЩֳ˵ء
ϾôƯĻ
̫Ưˣδ˿ŷϲеĻ棬еľ̾ˡ
ħʦĻԺŵñԲˣӼĻɫȻȼǺܸߣг¶ȴľս
¶ܽ˶ˣ
ħʦʶԾæҪȥǻ۾һֱֱħʦϮȥ
ħʦһǱûˣ֮Ų̷̃ϵ¶Ҳ˼֡
Ũɢȥ㿴˺ħʦģȫ¶ˣͮͮľһֻˮ̹
ڵغգò
ϲһ漴ŵ𴽽ǣף𣿡
ǧĴָЦǳ
ϲٴ䴽Цø仨һ
ʱȴһŹֵؿŷϲ֡
Ǿ񿴵ʲôһжžжš
찡
СɣȻʵŻĽ˰ɣһɫӦǱְɣ


865 ʥɽ֮

СĽ׵ĵȼ滹Ǳı̬ȫǱ̬
뵽˴˶̫ˣҪ֪ʱĵȼżѾǳˡ
ִܵĽףֻҪΪĴˡ
СǱ̬Ҳһ̬̬һӣ
룬ͷҲ࣬ΪǱ̬ԲһС̬־ƽˣȫܱȵģ
ҵأϲҪӡ
ʣµħʦٴס
һС޶ȻҲ
ԳɣҪˣ
ħʦſˮϲֵҲ˸ӣСòôĺһǸ̬
һͬµĻ¿϶˫νǵİɣ
ħʦǻ˼´ŷϲֺǧӴ˲ˬĿħʦǲŽӽϲС
ϲֽӹӣЦø仨һףҲõӡ
ϲ̨ƨƨܹȥ
ǧһѽЦˡ
Χˣһĸӡ
ҲЩģǧǰˣĺӸһ̬СС;˵ʵǳɣȻΪ½Ĵڡ
ǧת뿪ͱħʦǽסˡ
λһ¡
ǧЩˬʣôǾǴ̫Ҫ⳥𣿡
ħʦһ㶣ŵ亹ˣŮ˵ıÿֲһͲʲôƲ磬ΪһʼǾûоءǲ⳥ħʦƼɫ͵ļ֣׳ӿڵǼλʵǷͶһ䣬λûȤʥã
ǧۣЩ΢
Ŷ~ԭǽŵءҼǵãʥǱֵİɡǧŷϲֵָЦζԼˣĺ𣿡
ħʦ⣬λˣҲ˵ʲôϾµԸļ֣Ǳ֣
ǧڰ֣ûȤʲôʥã߹
ˣϲɣϲšǧüܾʲôʥãûȤǻҸְɡ
䣬Щħʦڣǧͱŷϲ뿪
·䣬Ҳȥ
ħʦǿǵıӰȴԭء
죬˾ȻûȤʥá
Ҫ֪ʥÿɲʲôèܽģһʥþٻ󣬲ÿʮҵĲÿҲһˣǱֵĺã»ʹ˼õĹΡ
һ˹ΣǾкˣܽύȨ֮ǣӶԼǽŸվˣʱΪΪˡ
ǸŮ˾ȻɵûǰȻҪ
Ȼˣû棬ʵȥǧ֪Щʲôŷϲһ·صջ
ϲֱеӣЦףЩӣǲǾܽʥɽˣ
ǧǰӣǾʥɽˣʱ򲻽ܼ׻̣ģ
ϲ˲Ц۾ļˡ
ʥɽ֮лʱ䣬Ժʥɽ֮ڶ
ǧŷϲµš
Ϊ˷ܣһ޶û˯ʱϾͶȦ
ϲֶȦ˲ЦףкȦôôġ
һ˫˲ͺˣֱһСЦˡ
ô˵˼ֻû˯öѡǧεͷ
ϲգŴ۾治˵ˡ
¥Щ緹ˡ
ʥɽλúܻƧһ·ǧ˺ܶˣһЩɢĶ̸ȤĶߣвЩӵܣӶҲС
·ħڱصãϸܣܸܵ͸ɱ֮
Ѫڿܣһ˲ͷЩˡ
ǧɫţںֳһĨɫЩ˶ʲô࣬ʥɽ֮йȻЩա
ǸңЩ˶ʲô࣬õ׻̣ȻʹһЩֶΡ
ɱºͷϲæͷ
ܿ˱ִʥɽһ·Ƕûνʹƣߵ·ǵĲһǧ𴽽ǣʥɽҲ֪ܼܲβǲסᣬҲúܾòܼˣѾôã治ôȥˡ
֮ʥɽʿŽǷŽȥ
ʥɽһ㣬ĿҲѷɫҲֻĵطǵñסɣȻָ߰أ


866 ҵ׻ˣ

뵽ʥɽԺǧϸϸܡ
ֻʥɽ֮ľףÿһֻҪطһվԴԴϵڣһ˲ƣȫ쳣
ףһõطϲ۾̾㣬оֲǰ׻̻ס
׵Ŀռãʱ̿϶Ҳϲġ
ȷ㡣ǧһҲ̫࣬С޷ա
ϲֵͷû
ʱʥɽԽԽˣǲûнУǸ߸ԵģǱϾǰ׻̣ǵȻ뱻˷һ
ãǾͬķȥܿطûʣ¶ˣҲðǳ
ǧرϲݰ㣬϶ҲϢŲٵȼߵħޣҪСһЩħǸҪСĵıЩˡ
ΪʲôףϲͷЩס
һֱǸطն
ǧԴ͵׻ǺöΪ˵õöǽʹֶΣɱˣ
ϲһСҲ˶ͷ˹ȻײУ
ˡ
ͷˣ
Ѳɣһֱסɽﰡ
£ֻҪǸײУͳˡǧЦŰ
һٴһ飬ӵ
ϲӵɵԲԲ໣ףһŬúײеģ
·һ۶ĸӣ
ʱΧһ
ְ׻̵ټˡ
ڶɽͷ׻ôڷ䡣
ȥ׵㣬Ȼһͻᱻߵġ
ǧ²һ٣ôҵ׻ˣ
ͷĸ׻ǲɵҪ˾Ͳҵεĵط
ǧ뵽ѰңֻǶһˣǣŷϲ֣ѭȥ˵ҵ׻ˣǹȥơ
ðϲ䴽۾þˡ
¸ҲЩ˼飬Ȼôҵˣ
ѭһɽſڣʱɽſھ˶ߣǻɽſڣڲݴǶͬһĿ꣬Ǿɽڵͷ׻
ǸϵʱЩϽ¶䱸ɫ
˹Ƿһˣɶ
ǧȫûеľϣߵãǶ׵ûһʵҲǰ״
𴽽ǣϵȻƸ¶˳
˼һǵ׷׽ջأǰɽ
ϲЦ׺
ǧЦ
ʱһŭֻνİ׻Ȼɽ߳ĶӺܴȫҲѩɫģҲǿէһͷް׻
ϧֻͷ׶ѣް׻ȫϱߡ
ǧЩʧջĿ⣬ֻһͷ׶ѣ߰ɡ
ʧĿ⣬ϲҲ³ͷ׻Ӧòʲôɫ߰ɣҪ׻̣ʲô׶Ųϡء
߰ɡɵҪת뿪ʱͷ׶ٴδ
죬Ҳʼҡ
ͷ׶·ʶΣգһˣȻһ˵צ˵Ƥ˺
ʹ
޴ʹϮ߾г
һУټѪζƮɢǽΧħ޶ˡ
~~~~~~~
ħ˻һȺ˰ΧһѾһǱʳζޱȵʳ
ǧôħӿšüͷ겻Ÿʢ棬ǼͻãΧЩûͷԵߣֻ»ϺȰ
ǸֹѪѵħ޹𣿡ǧŤͷһ
ǻȻѣǷ׷׳׶ͷħ׶ԣæǽѪ˷ſˡ
ѪڵϲͣϵѪζɢ˿
ǧҧǸ׳գ
£Ǹ󡣡ǧѪ﷨ȡ׼ƾԼɱһѪ·
ϲȫûʢĳ棬۾ֱˡ
öħޣ׳۰ǧϻŷȣɫһ˲䵹һƬħޡ
ºͷϲȸںͷȫĲˡ
ܿ߿ôæӿ˹ǿ쿴˺ȻɱһѪ·ǿЩȥɣ
ԽԽ࣬һֱûޱȡ
ϲֵӼΪСһӾͱĵطȥˣʶԣæȥק֣ϲָ֣ҡ
塱ϲֻС֣һµֱ֣һȥˡ
ͷһæȺȥѰңϲ֣㻹𣿡


867 ͵һ㣬Ϊɣ

壬ϲֲϻ˫֣ʵ̫Сˣ̾û˺С
¼۾ˣ찡ȻѷϲŪˣһСӾȻŪиʲộôǧ
æȺȥѰңȴԾûҵʱԼһİĵطΧĵģһ˶ûС
죬ɢˣ
һߡ
ħԺǧŤͷһͷɿһ¡
أ
ºͷϲȥĶˣ
ǧȥѰң˰쾹ûҵˡ
Щ߿ϴŴҲǳͷŮͲˣֱҪ̫ã
һ뵽ղŵĻɵģǣҲľ档
ǧȻǰקסһ˵½ʵǸʱûпһСһʮҵӣ
ǧ˫䵭һ˲产˵ɱ֮ӿ
Ǳק½Ȼסһʱ䶼֪οˡ
㻰ءǧ˼֣ΧҲˣʶ˼Ϣ
ק½ͱŵһ뵽ɱħʱǲѪģһţȻ˳ûʲôĺӣʮҲûע⿴
ǧɫ䣬Ҳ͸һĨɺɫ
ŤͷΧ˿ȥأ𣿡
Χ˵ıѹסһСָͷˣûеʱңǸͲע⵽Щ
ǧɫٴα䰵
ʱЩ˾ˣģʱעһЩϲֺ¾Ͳ᲻ǧԽԽգеҲԡ
ɿһһԵϣ
ҲŲ˲ЩҪᵹˡ
վһ࣬ŭ䣬ȴҲŵɪɪҲ˵ˡ
Ů˾һɱ
ʲộĲǣǧͺһ漴ɱӡ
ڳ˵¾ͽˣһˤڵҴ
ǧǣ۾תˡ
Ҫľǽҵطô˭֪ᷢЩʲôټϷϲָմǸطδʶնҲ֪᲻ԿǧԽԽգΪŨ˼֡
һߣڳǻ˹
ɱˣǧͣڸѰңȴʼûҵǵӰ˵ȺɢҲڸŶԣôһĹʲôҲҲˣ
òʲôΣ˰ɣ
ǧԽԽľɢܽΧһжˡ
ʥɽһߡ
ȺķϲҲ֪Լߵһʲôط
طûƧΧһ˶ûУûףûϲգ۾һľ˵¿϶ǼٵģһĺӣƾԼʵҵ׵ģ
ϲϡǵ׺ڶߣСȣƨƨ߳ȥ
˼Щ
Ϊ̫˷ûԶ٣¶ӽиͣҲûˡ
ϲŶӣ߼ֲԶżСԻʱһС
˿̣ڳζҲɢ˿
ۣ㣡
ϲһӨɫĶ࣬͵һ㲻Ϊɣ
ϲ򴽽ǣֻгԱ˲ȥѰף
һ룬Ľӽ
ͷۼźöŮŮЩŮǶߣϵ۸ǻ£ž˵ģˡ
ϲһתܿЩˡһС
Уһʦһæµţﵹͺͷ˺ö廨⣬ٷ뽴ͣǺ֮ĵζƷ
ûãһŨζ˷ϲֱǼ⣬̿ˮ۾һˮ
ۣǴ˵еĺ⣬Ϻóˣ
ϲֲϷҺ̽ͷͷһƣͷӶһӳͷȥˣڵĺ⻹ţζҲŨˡ

ˣǼõ͵ʱ䣡
ϲһŲСϣܿ͹˹ǣŴǴ򿪣һɲǣڹﲻϷĺС
㣬ҲƯӨ͸ģ
ϲʵ̲סС־ȥץ
ߣһҲ֣˭ǻϵħʦء
ϲֳһһ飬Եúʱһֱֻ֣קסĺӣק˳ȥ
С͵Դʦĺ⡣ǧѩקɫ
ȥͷû˭֪ЩСӾȻСԣҪҪôġ


868 С

˭ſϲֲκǸӣûǧѩһӾͱק⡣
ʱͷ˵ЦŮҲĿͶ˹ȥ
ʥŮʲôΪקһӣɴɴĪѲʦɣҪø
ǰקһʲôԴЦЩǧѩˡ
ѺľڲԶڿϷ
СȻ͵Դʦĺ⣬Щʱ򲻳ɹؾͲɷԲҶҪ̽СӹزɣǧѩЩ챾鲻ãСײҪúýѵһ
ϲѲͿʼˣˣʲô͵ԣû͵԰
ǧС㣬㲻ץ˸СҪɡĭŷվһ࣬ǼڽǶ֪鲻ã鲻ãȻҪҸͻƿڵġ
ǧѩ˫һ죬˵˵
λƯ㣬Ǳץģ޹ϲӣӲһˮ
̣˫ˮ󣬾һֻ޹С¹ĸԶˣȻСòǺܺÿ
Ӱɣ
ҾʥŮץһӻ̫ðɣɴɴǰһͽϲߡ
ϲּˣæסɴɴĴȡ
һɫĺӣŮӳƯΪ˵ȻǸˡ
ɴɴôһĲ
ȻóɣôҲǸӣ۾ͦƯˮء
ĭǾ䡰Ư㡱ŪúģüӣһӶѣǧС㻹ǲҪСӼƽˣ˵͵ԣó֤
ϲ͵͵ߵ
֤ݣ
֤ϣϿ϶մȾաǧѩָŷϲ֡
ϲԴãȻûհλǲʹˣã

ǧѩ˫࣬ô
ȴǱЦǧѩϴţŭģ󣬹Ȼ
û͵⣬ܷű𣿡ϲֿͰţֲܿһȺ˵ĺøС
ʥŮֻǸӡһԵīͻȻﴽȫǼڽ
ǧѩָһھӵ¶ˣ˺Щ˵ȥҧһԺžˡ
ϲֽСɿģСҲ𣬡лλƯͽ㣬ڡ
ϲֻӻ֣תʱǧѩһǸСģŵĺܡ
ǧѩս˫֣ɫ˿̣˫ںһƺżֱ֮
СȻɶ
ѩ졣ǧѩͺһ漴обѩ£Щѩ赲˷ϲֵȥ·ֱӽԭء
ϲһ㶣Ǵ˵еıϵħ
ɴɴˣҲ㶣ǧѩʲô˼ֻһĺӡ
ǧѩˣԴǰҪϲֽȳ
ǣѩҲԴԭأвҶ
ǧѩס֡īеЦȥŭһ
ɴɴۼϵħͼǧѩħԿ
ʱķѩڷϲ⣬ģСҰޱȣʱضᱻѩûˡ
ǧѩֻһӣס֣ɴɴ۱ϵħȴôûС
ŮˣʱǿǧѩûһеɫԹ
֪ΪʲôСӵʱ;÷ǳᣬͺ޲ýɱ
ϲСԴУֻáৡһһɫСۡ
СҲܵڳ˶δɾСС棬ǽΧһѩڻˡ֣ҹͻȻ
ҹ߳ޱӡ
ɴɴҹҵĹһæҹǧѩҲ֪ôˣȻһ꺢ͯȥ
䣬ɴɴָһԵǧѩ
ҹ˳ָķȥܿͿǧѩŵһɫħħʱѩԴԴ£ڱѩоվһĺӡ
ǺСҰףЩҡҡ׹ʱᵹһ
ҹˣüͷšǧѩôҲ߽ױϵħʦȥɱħҲͰˣھħԸһСʵЩ˵ȥ˰ɣ
ʥŮһ꺢ӣħԸ̫ðɣҹ˳ˡ
ǧѩߣȫû
ҹ򴽣ֻܳͼС¡
ǣǧѩıϵħȻֻ߽ףʮ㣬һѩҹֻô粽УѩʱϸļһǣҲһѪۡ


869 

ǧѩڽеķ񽥽ȫ
ǧѩˣɴɴȳǴʦԵĻ
īֽ֣һ֮һ͸ţǵϢХֱֱһԵǧѩϮȥ
ǧѩ㲻߷ݰ׹ڵء
͡һǧѩؿڣ³Ѫ
ħ۸Сġһ˲ȥվһ֮⣬ѩ۰׷˿׷׷裬˫ڣƺڶκС
ܵϣǧѩֻúЩˣŴϵѪɫҲȥ˲١
վһԵĭֻүǲ֪ղǧѩˣ뽫Сɱ
ǧѩҧûУС͵Ժ⣬ҲǸһЩѵѡ
ôѵ𣿡ɴɴߣŶС㱻Ūˣ
û˵Ŀĳҹȥ·˵
ҹ·ʶˣͷʹɫҲЩѿ
û͵ԡվڱѩзϲͻȻڣЩλ£ҪԱɵΪ
С˵˵ǧѩüУСĨ
ϲҧӲǼ˼ᣬأûк˵
ŽĿͶϲϡ
ֻһۣı㼱ڤڤ֮кһε׽֮չ׽кܽеĺҲȥһЩ
βƣˣĴӲйĲ
Ϊνջĸоأ
νŷϲ֣дżӺʹ
СȫǺɫӣҲرɰΨ˫۾ϵǳģ·˹⾰
Ưһ˫۾ĺʶסĿڣͷһĨɬУʹָ꣬оȴȻûеȥ
ڣĺӦҲС˰ɡʲô֣ͻȻѯʡ
ҹ󣬲ס⻹ӵһһ˵֡
ϲֶϷεĿ⣬Ҳԭء
˺Ϥһģһ˼ֱζǲͬ죬ϲؿڣܸоĿڵ𶯣ε׽Ϯ
˵ģѪɣ
ĵȥǿֺӡ
ϲС壬һЩˣǿĵԼ
׸ȡһС㻽ұˡϲֲóȻϣȹ۲۲Լ˵ǾòҲ١
ϲѾˣɽСȭͷ
ν׽в֪ӺζȴУΪλʥɽĵأ
ҹٴסӶû˵ô໰
ǧѩҧξһСƨģ
һʥɽġϲգգ۾˫ͬǳϧղŷħ˳ɢˣűλ鲻ѣħ˺
ǧѩ˫Ť޲˺С죬˵˵͵Ժȡ
νĿͶǧѩϡ
žͺҰ޶һǧѩһŵò˵
ӶˣջĿ⣬ͻȻСĶӽ˼
ϲŶӣͷö
񣬷ʵЩֵˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻСһЩ
ܣνԵְɡҹҵС׼ЩԵηȥУѩ۷׷ɣɫ
ϲֶıӰȾһɫ
ۣʺúã䣬ңܺ͵ܽӴˣð
ҹЩӵؿ˷ϲһۡ
Сʲô֮Լһٶ
ϲƨƨ߸ȥ壬ղŵĴ˧Ȣʲôİ
ҹͳһ¡
ҪҪ̫
ͬ꣬Ϊξгǡ塱ˣ
С޹ҹôҲ˵ֵĻһҼȢޣЩʲô
ʰϲգ۾޹ʺãֺÿӶȻǸŮɣ
ҹ󣬲ͷȻǼÿġ
ȻôÿĽ𣿡ϲֵ˫Ӵ
ҹŴɫɰȥֻѾûл˰ɡ
һȥ˵顣ҹĵһ䣬Щӵ¶ӺòײŻָһЩ


870 ץסˣ

ϲֽͰͶҹǶѾѾ˰
ҵ׵ģ׿صˣ
˵ҹ̾һֵ㵽ǸӣҲȥֻ֮Ҫ˵ͳˣ֪𣿡
֪ˡϲһתѾ˱뷨
ʱֱӽ״ǰͺã
ȥɡҹָǰ
ϲÿƨƨ˹ȥ磬ô󰡡
һȥͿԺȲ衣
ľٶţĿ
ϲվһ࣬Щˡ
ڿʲôν豭£ֽĿͶϲϡ
ϲ˲ƨƨܹȥסεڿ磬ÿһʱ侹Ȼˣ
εӺһϲ˵ǧȴһ⣬СûκηУú͸һ
ŷϲ֣һʱɫҲ֪ôźá
ס˵ϲһ͵Цۣģţ
Ƭ̣˼¡
ৡһ£ϲֵ۾ķָо
ʱҹ׼õķ˶˽
˷ºҹĿɿڴ
죬СȻӵӷǵûзУţ⻭ʵܰͺһ
ҹţðûл
ʱϲٴηƣ磬˺㰡ιԺòãڼҵʱ׾ιԷġ
䣬ϲץŷߵϣͼĴϡ
ҹŻСҪҲ̫Щι˳Է
񡣡ҹ档
ϲܵ˵ʲôţκȶ̸첲̣˰Ҳûȥ
ҹһ飬СʵڿȥǽһѱֽԼĴϡ
ˣҹ۾Բˣ⻹
һ˵ɣ
С׸ʲôƣ
Ҫʲôλʵ
ϲؿڲ˲䣬۾ֻС̹һ⣬ҪԺ⡣
μݵϲߡ
أϲһڵסһ˲ϸζڿڳݼ䷭ڣ䴽¶һĨЦݣóԣҪԣ
ɰǳǳһЦּһ
ҹ۾ֱˣסȻЦĵһЦݣչָһĺӵôˣ˹ҪתĿ
ǸӣǸкӣ
ҹȫ֪Щʲôһʱ侹Щѣ
ҹڴһ̧뿪һȥ㿴ǧѩվ⣬ڲϳͷš
ҹ֪ʦΪҪǸСнȥ𣿡ǧѩһ䣬ղź񿴵СڷεĴϡ
ɶ񰡣
ҹӵ˼ҺҲ֪ӵĵףһԵְɡ
Ե֣ǧѩһҸղźƼʦڸιԣʦֱɵ飿
ҹޱ飬Щµģûʸȥܡ
ǧѩҧǸСͲԴʦ𣿡
ҹڸǱģСĻ죬ܶϤٽСߣ
ǧѩŴһʱ侹֪˵Щʲôá
ҹӣת뿪
ǧѩıӰöţһ뵽ڸǳСιʳͷˡ
ԸһСãҲԸ࿴ԼһۣСԲǧѩкէ֡
ʥɽһߡ
ǧȫ֪ϲѾҵ˵ңΰĸ
켱ˣ˼ȦûҵҲ֪ǲǳǧǱؿϣеĽ֮ɫûȥ˼֣ҧҧ׼վȥѰҡ
ûǰ洫
ģ˵СʲôǧͷһѲұץסˣ
Ҷ룬ֱѭȥ
Ǵǰ治ԶģǧܿȥǸطûżжǶһ͵͵š
Ǳ߾ۼźЩߣһɷģҲȫһɱ
ǧšüͷŬѰҷϲֵӰ
˰죬ȴʲôҲûҵֻһʶСץţСʮģͷģžĳ
ˣСлץһǴЩ͵ģֲЩ߻ץԭ͵˶
Сӣ͵ӵĴһһСĽ״


871 Ǻͼɢˣ

Сʹֱˤڵء
ʵ̫ˣүܲܽ͸ҳԣСȻ˵ⱰĻ˫ȴþˣûаֱ
ǧ뿪ȴΪСĿסˡ
Щ˼ǧУ׼ٹ۲һ¡
ʱһߵԶһ£ûãһǱ´߳б¼֣׳Ҫȥֹ
ʲôЩſǸӣ˫Ǻ죬ҲģǸģʱҪ޳Ƶġ
Ťͷ£һǸ΢Ц
ҵ˭ȻǸ
һʲô֣Щ
Сүүǽ⽴
ӸǶСͱúܺãﾭܵסĳŪ裬ҧۿϾҪ޳һ
ȻǸȻҪˡ
СӣʶϹ
ȻͦµģĿȴܼᶨߣǿЩСˡ
Ҳµģһ뵽ϲǴ߶ģľôҲƽһС۸̲סҪˡ
ЩٴЦ𣬡û뵽ȻᶨȻ£Ǿͱǲˡ
ſˮܵĹ䲻̫ãвҲв٣ӦܶԸЩ˵İɣ
ϣ֪µ³
ϰ
ŵõһȴ׳ӴӿռָȡһЩ
һԵǧ쿴ȥˣû뵽»򱧲ƽ򱧲ƽҲˣⶶøҶһʲô
ۼǿٳ˹ȥǧҲٶȥֻȡϡ
ৡּ죬̾ͽǴڵء
¸뽫ȴЩѾڵغˡ
סû֣Щô͵ˣ
ʲôأǧվһ㣬ذ׵ڷƮҡһ˲ƷÿǳҽЩߴ򵹵ġ
һʱŶǧ˫µӣɴ棬Ψ˫Ư쳣ġ
ǧҵˣǰںһĨɫ
ҼұأǧˣҲûƼϲֵӰӡ
һҲЩ㣬ղħϮҷǳ뱦ȺɢˣһҾҲˣΪѰұžҲɢˡ
ǧʹû˵
ΪԼæǴͷǸǧԲûпñҪ־Һˡ
ǧ̾һ㣬ҲУʱտǣҲᷢˡ
̧Сʵδҵ𣿡
ǧҡͷüͷ壬ûУϾʥɽ
϶ûµģҲ̫ģ룬Ȱο˵ĳЩأɴɴӦҲѾʥɽˡ
ǧҲࡣ
Ҳԡ
ܻɴɴǣɴɴǵƷŵùģˣȻὫұչ˵úܺá
ˣ͵Ϯӣӻָ⽴
Ǿǣ͵Ϯʲô°
˵̸ӲЩ߸ˣǧ䣬ʱضᱬһ
ҽ鲻̫ãʶ͸ұ죬ȻϹǲʶ࣬ҲǼȭһɨе˵ѪҺˡ
ڵϵĶסһʱ侹ѹˡ
ŮˣǿۿӲˣ
һˣֱˡ
ۿŮħɣˣ
ܿܣһء
Щ˵ȥʧʥɽ
ǧ¶һĨ֮ɫûôɣЩ˾ŵƨˣ
ûã
ʱʮС˱ܣæеĴ£Եúܿ죬㱻ס
ǧ㣬üͷ԰ɣû˸
ԺСſ˵ˣлȣѾ治֪ôлǲźá
ǧ´ۣԭжѾһСʥɽʲôǧù죬ʵǺͼɢˣ
ԭסʥɽġʶԼ˵˻ѾѸٽסˡ
ǧ˵üԭסʥɽʲô˼
ѾŴЩ˵
ǧ֪ѴҲûٱǲ˵Ҳġ
ѾԼָ⣬һ뵽ǱǾȵģЩԥСʵǸʥɽΪ˰׻𣿡


872 ֻҪҵ̶ѣ

ǧĿܿУȻΪ˰׻̲ʥɽģȻŲط֡
ѾԥٴοڵʵҴСסʥɽУֻǼЩĴܺóԣ̲ס͵ˣȴ뾹ץסˡ
ǧüһֱסɽУǳҰˣ
Ѿ̿ˮֵҶʥɽĵμΪϤ֪ʥɽЩħޡ
أǧȥ˵ĿǹؼĿҲΪ˼֡
ѾĿ⣬Ż˵ʵʲô׻ֻ̣һֻϻ̣ͷĸ컢Ѿִ۷ˣ׻ЩƣͷϻȷҪЩˡ
ǧ㶣Ȼǰ׻һͷϻˣͷϻǵִ۷ˣΪ۷ħ޵̿϶Ҳȥ
㽫Щʲô֪ǰ׻Զ뿪ǧۣЦЩ
ȫûзͷǱ컢̣ҲҪ
ǲǡѾֵҾʥɽߣͷ컢ĹϵҲЩʱͷ컢ҵġ
ǧգգ۾ħǸ߰ģο۷컢
ֻ컢Ȼչˣֱ˼
ԣ˼ǣǧˡ
Ѿʶһ˵Ƹ۷컢еһƴˡ
ŵٽ䣬ͷ컢ˣټͷֻҼܲܰͷ컢ƽ
ǧס
ϻ
Ҳһ㶣ȫû뵽鷢
Ұϻǧšü
Ѿڰ֣ǣֻɽڣЩ컢ܰȫΪ̱ˡ
ǻˣܻһڴӦˣȻвٹǡ
ǧ˫Ҿ֪ϻôõ£ֻҪɽܵõ۷ϻ̣㲻ʲôıɣ
ɣѾæ͵ûκı
Ϊʲôǧѩšüʡ
Ѿ΢٣˵ʵ飬Ҿʵ˵˰ɣͷ۷컢ܵشټҪ䣬Ѵ޽δĺӶȻϾȥܻѺӰȫ£Ȼᱨġ
ǧЩ˼
õһֻϻ̵ȻҲģȥѰҷϲ֣ܾܲӦ˰ɣ
ƿĹǣæǿڵǧҾӦȥһȥϾ˴Ϊ̣϶ҲҵǶʱ򲻾ܼ𣿡
ǧһмֵ˵òĿȥյһĺӣ϶Ҳ뵽
ͬˣѾϲ򴽰ꡣ
ǧĿ⣬ţͬˣǰ·ɡ
ѾЦǰ·
˸ڶѾҲ֪˶ãѾһƫƧɽͣ¡
ǧܿ˿طĺƫƧҾ쳣ԲʮҲûһֻܸоЩĺܡ
΢΢šüȴֺܿɿˣΪܸܵɽڴѹ۷ħ޵ѹȻЩ΢˺ѡ
Ҳ֤Ѿûƭǣ
ɽƫƧСԼҪþòҵ
ǧһ䣬ȷƫƧĺܡ
ѾתͷǴǽȥ
˵ͷŶѾ߽ɽС
һ붴Уѹ͸ˣģһХХҲƽһĨž˾Щġ
ѾƣǿЩȥ컢ǲˡ
ǧ¶һۣżӿ˽Ų
ûãɽɽʯϾȻһͷ޴ޱȵİɫϻϻĶӴ򣬺ʱըһ
ǧţ뵽ԼʱӣʱĶҲģǺʿ˶ӣҲǻɵġ
Ѿ𣿡һŮ
ǧۣͷϻ˵ˡ
һˣһˡѾǰЦŵѾӦңģʱ϶˳ϻ
ϻһ
ֲŵİ˵ϢԭǶѾ˴ˡ
ϻ˻һѾôܽ˴֪Щֶ̰񶾵ģĻİңֻҪҵ̶ѣ
ǵȷҪ̣Ǻͷ˲һѾᶨܸܵĳʱϻǶܽܺõĸҲܰˣ԰ɣ


873 һַ

ϻĬ
ȷҵһˣϾʱѾˣûı̿϶ᱻᣬʱһԼˣָǺã
ңЩһԼħޣͻħ޵ūʹ֮ʸԼħ޳䵱ƣ
һֻħԺǻȥԼڶֻֻ಻̰ĮŲԼˣ
Ѿ˵ģϻգŴ۾ڻЩ裬ͷЩ˲ͬúչҵ̣
϶ġѾתͷǣô˵
ǧǰһڵԷģ潫̸ңҶȻúý󣬴պ󣬶Ϊһͷɫı컢
û˵ǧĶѡ
ֻǶ̺棬û˵һҪԼʲôģǧһȣֱ֮𣬾룬Ҳҡ
ڵļᶨϻ˼֣ɣѡ㡣
ϻеľȥһЩ˵ҵѾˣǰҳŵҿۣҾͻñԼ
һĸ׶ԺӵĿˣħˡ
ǧЩͬܣ붼û͵ͷãҶ㿴ϻġ
ϻգգ۾Ҳ˵ˡ
Ѿϻ˿ڣҲЩ˷ܣЩܲסɽУҲ֪Щ˻ʲôʱסţҲиӦ
ãǻסŵġǧŤͷһϻüͷ΢š
֪ϻȫûǣҲûоܾΪ˿̳ţҲûκΰ취ˡ
ϾĶʵ̫࣬ͷϻãѾûжʱǧĬſǽϣЩʱͷϻȻء
ǽӾ֪ǳʹ
ǧæȡŵҩ£һЩ߽׵ĲҲ֪ûá
¶ǣϻİȥ˼֡
ңԵʲôϻš
Ҫʹģ˭֪һŵҩĶӾͺöˡ
ҸԵһŸ߽׵Ĳоöˣǧվһ࣬š
ϻ΢΢һ㶣ڵ˶ô
óһŸ߽ײһǸħ޳ԵģҪ֪඼ʮСֻԼԣᱻԼħ޳ԣ
ϻʹ໹治
ٱȱ˵Ĵϻ϶ᱻչ˵úܺðɣˣ϶Ҳᱻι˵ҩİɣ
ࡱϻһ಻ͬٴһЩԵǲħιôصĵҩġ
ǧϻͷɵģŶ֪ҵĺã㲻ˡ
ϻЩΣڼǳΪղŵЩûˣǧȹٴοǽС
ʱĶɾ쳣
ɽİ֮ȴۼŲٶߣΧһţȥơ
кģ϶ҵɽģ
Щ߶ʮĵطһҹɫԵСɶɰƻ͸Ҳ⴦طһĨ
ɴɴ⣬ǰһȼŵ
֮иľӣ濾żֻҰӣɲζڿɢ
еķϲЩͲסˣ㰡ԡˣν鱾£ɤģȴƽһĨɫ
ϲæͷ˫ǳԣ
θ˵ãȴЩģСҲ࣬Ҳ֪ȥ˻
ҹϴ裬ͷһŵġλҹ
ϲֻԣȫϴ裬ҲԼҵֻܵͷ֪һҪﱦӴ
εǰ״ÿǳġ
ϲִһЦŸҹȥˡ
ҹ壬Ҫȥϴ谡ϲͷʡ
ҹɫ֮£˫飬Щۡ
ҹ˫֣ԱиľͰҽȥϴ衣
أлҹ塣ϲòл
ҹйһԴСòÿЩϲֵĽ
ˣȵȣȥŪˮҹ˵ÿ˳ȥ
ϲֺع۲ܣһ˫鶯ǳ
ܿ죬һŲҹ壬
ЦŻ˲Цݾͽϡ
ôλ񶾴
ô㲻ӭҽǧѩ˫ֻأһϲ֡
ϲֱܲΣգɵ˼ʲôдˣŲء


874 ʥŮ

˵ǧѩɫѿȰ뿪ߣȻһַ
ϲ۾Բ
Ůвɣ
ȻвһС
ͷ˹ÿ£УҲУģ
ϲֲûͨһŵôޣȶʵصعΪвһС𣿶ң˭þͶ˭ãܵ𣿡
ϲȻλرģ˵ľϲһϲ˾ͻ뾡취ߡ
ߵ
ϲֱ²һҲЩҡҡ׹ɣֻ׵ģܱһߣ
ȸ½ޱȵʥŮȻܵšǧѩָ⣬°Ҳ΢΢̧ߣ㲻ǸƽҰСӶѣҲڴʦǰתƣҪ֪ʦֻǿѣ࿴
ϲһ
˵ϲˡ
ΪǧѩٽСƨʶϽߣݹҲˡ
䣬ǧѩҪȥϲֵ½
ϲ־һһԹ־ܣ
ҪСˣϲֳſյܳ߻ڲסţ¶׹⣬СˣЩ
Ϊ˵ЩػСŵ뿪˭֪СȻǸϷûôأ۴У˵ɷ¡
С˵Եǧѩᣬ̧ȥ׷ϲ֡
ϲָ⻬ͷȦȦܣ˲ͽǧѩ˹ȥ
ҪСˡϲֻڲ£ܿͰɴɴ˹
ɴɴʵڿۣŭǧѩвɣ˼ҲһСбҪһٶŻ
ǧѩҧгݣûŻСϷ
ɴɴһȫţСΪ
ϲֻܣûһҪͣ˼ǸСģ¼ˣƵɴɴҲЩۡ
ôˣʱҹˮǻˡ
һҹˣϲ˫һæȥĴȿߵҹˣˣȻ˵ǸûҪҰСӣ˵ʹһҸϽ뿪磬뿪Ὣɱ
һֹҹסɴɴǱҲЩ仯
죬Ϊȸ½ʥŮȻȥвһĺӣ
ôó˼һӺĸɢˣ·ʦʲôԣ
ǧѩбҪв
뵽˴˵΢ˡ
ǧѩӴǵĿ⣬ɫһһ׵ļΪѿҧƱǱСϹ˵Ϊ˱ңź˵˵ģҿûвʲô
ϲֱҹĴȿ޿䣬ҹ壬˵ѵģвˣȻôܳôᱻ׷ܣ
˵ı΢ˡ
ǵȷǧѩ׷ܣϵıǳͺ޲뽫Ӷ⽴ˡ
ټǧѩı֣ȻӵĻ
С춼۸ˣ飬ǲˡ
ʥŮǴ˷ʥɽΪвӵģִˣ뿪˴ҼҪ徲ҹɫ˵ò档
ǧѩüҲأ԰θһЩҹ㵨˵ҿʥŮһССȨҸߣ
ĭվһ࣬Ц˼ҺôҲү˵ĻȻҲү˼ǧС㻹ǲҪӲˡ
С˵ݵ죿ǧѩŭ
ĭɫһ࣬˵ȴ񿴵ʲôһæǽߵĻȥ¶һĨֻı顣
ﲻⳳֵĵطв뿪θֶվĮӷд
ǧѩӲزͷȥվһ࣬Ҳ֪ʱģ˫纣Щˡ
ʦҡ
ϲִҪ˵ĻƨƨȥסεĴȣˣٲҪˡ
˵θʶԴ
ϲһر۾һֻ˯С̹һ
ζһҰСģǧѩŤˡ
ʦûжʲôС˵ǧѩΣϵҲȥ˴롣
ûпǽĿͶϲϣ˵ô¡
ϲһתղеȫ˵һͨ˵رңһӾĸԷˡ
磬ղĺ°ϲۿģŷεĴȲţ¼ˡ
ǧѩҡ
ôϷ


875 

㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡̧ӳ¹µ˫
ǧѩסˣʶ˼ûģʦҪҡ
ڿʼ㲻̤벽΢٣ֵ뿪һˡ
ǧѩЩҡҡ׹
ǰǧǸȻһ֪ĶҰСΪԼֻҪŬһЩһЩܵõε˭֪ûþң
ǧѩҧŴģΪġ
תͷ뿪ƫŲ£
ˡǧѩеƽãʦԸһԶģֻʦҪҸߡ
ϲ۲תƤô
Ӧþ˵ģҪ
οһۣʲôû˵ʹŷϲ뿪
ҹװˮӣ󲽸ȥ
ϲľͰУСϴĸɸɾϵЩɫҲϴˣ˿̣Сۣεĳһ
ŵŵš
ͷĽŲϲЩҵĨһѻϡ
ڻ뱩¶Լٿһ£ҾĿ죬Ů˶Լҵĵġ
һǴһǴɫĭŮҲ֪ܲܰѳֵס˿̣ӱƿ߽ҹ
ϴûҪҪ㣿ҹһ䡣
ϲֲҡͷѾϴ
䣬ʹԡͰϷһ˿ۺɫžӨ͸ģëСӲɣŽһԵĸɾá
ҹϵļЩɻ
ϵļۣΪϵļͱһģģȫӣЩΥ͸С
ҹֹţȴʲôû˵
ϲǰ˳°ڣҹ壬ȥҴ簡
ҹҲԸϲϴ֮Ͱ͵ڵУҹܿϲ˽ȥ
ڵĵƻλεģŸůܰ
ڵƻ¿飬һмʥϲһԼҵɫС
úÿ
ֲûô޵С
ϲܹȥסε֫磬ĺúÿ
εһǷϲԺ鲻滺˼֣΢΢һȴû˵Щʲô
ϲҲ䣬ڵů
ա
ҹͷӣҪ档
۾һŤͷ㿴˯ԼС˵ʲô£
СҰͣȫûӰ졣
ӣѾ̽⵽׻ˡҹٴδ
۾æһ˳ȥĶ
ҹ̽⵽ʥɽи޴ɽͷĸ׻;סͷЩ߶ѾʥɽȥƹҲҵǸɽ
˫Ҳ
ҹ֪ʲôĬƬֵӣǺʱȥˣ׻ᱻԼߡ
ɳĬ
ҹվһ࣬治֪˵Щʲôá
֮󣬷βǿ˵ھͳɣҹҲǶ
õҹæȥˡ
ÿӽ뵽УʱϲѾˣ˫ںڵ۾գţڼεʱ˫һսͷƵġ
磬ȥĶˣûм㣿ϲҧָ۾ĺ鶯ɰ
ҹͷ˵Щ¡
ϲӦһ
η£ֵ׼ȥʥɽѰҰ׻̣˴ЩΣգǲȥҿҹ£˳Ѱף˵Σ
ϲֵٴһת᰸ȥͦģϸһ룬͵뿪ˣ׿Ҳȥʥɽˡ
Ǹŵܼףǲţ˵ͷˡ
磬ñһȥɣΣյġϲЦõҲ˾𿴱꣬ʵҲǸħʦӴ
һ˫ϵϵĽˡ
΢һɣǲ¾͸Ұɡ
ϲСظ֤²£˵ܼء
ǳЦ
ûһҹͽе˽˳һа׻̵ˣųֹʣ˵ҪȥеЦôֹסˡ
֪˰׻̵٣ȥֻҪԼͳˡ
׻ֻҪһֻЩ˲˾֣ɰڷҲñֵùԣɵִĿĵأ˵׼ˡ
ɡνǵ鿴Уɵġ


876 Ҫˣ

һ䣬ǣϲǰȥ
ɴʦԥǣһСӣ¾һָôǧѩˣ˫֣˫ϸмŤ
˵ʲôֻܸһ·ʥɽɽ
ѾɽУˣˡ
ǧʯϢһˢˢŤͷѾȥ
ôˣǧѯʡ
ѾŴһʱ˵
ǧšüȴ˵
ѾϴҲ֪˶źһЩҸոȥͷƣֺöභ߶ˣҲ£Ѿ֪иɽˡ
ǧšüͷɽȻΣֻҪң϶ҹҪģǲҪôҵ
ѾͷһæʵӦ
ڰǣһһ졣ǧۣ΢
ͷĶ࣬ȫߣΪֻ֮ڰˡ
ҶһģȥŪǣѾͻȻ˵ţŻ¸ҵġ
ǧ󣬲ͷŪǸð취
룬ҲΪȷ˳Уҿһ֧ԮѾ
ǧٴεͷʦ϶Ȼвٰʱһ϶ܰѲŻס
ɣŵͰˡǧ컢һۣ￴ű컢䡣
齻ԺºͶѾͳɽ
ǧΪ˳СǾޱСѿҲȥæˡ
һߣɽкøž컢һɫĴ۾Ŀǧ
ǧûڣŴȴʲôҲû˵
ڳõĳĬ£컢ǿڵ֪࣬ΪʲôҪң
ǧֵڴ䣬˫ЦνﲻģұĿľ㻳ͷ̣ܲκ͵õͷ̣ǽԴϲȻôҲ۷ħޣΪ̴Ҳֲʲôôһ޴
컢һ㶣󾹹Ц
δ࣬һƻȫȡԺͻצɱһʼͱ̬ȣȫһɲһͷЩʼ֮˺̫ˡ
࣬Һϲ̬ȡ컢˵һʼͱԼҪʲôҸжȥɱЩ֮˺̫ࡣ
ǧЦһûʲôģҾҪ̣ȻҲʥɽ
컢ЦЦЦһͣĶҲʱ˾ҵʹͬƬţȻ۷壬ʹ
~~~~
ҵĺǧʶԣҪˣ
컢ͷѾûж˵ˡ
ǧ̽УȴѾòӣǿִ֧ţֻѾˡ
ǧšüæȡһŲ¡
²ı컢΢ָһҪʵڵƤûһҪ˼
~~~~
컢ٴκһڵҲӻ˸ɾ
ǧʯϵı컢ҲԼϲʱģʱҲˣϲҲϳҪ
̵ı컢ǧ˵ζ
㻹ðɣǧʡ
컢ĸ˺һǲſ࣬һ̻ǲϳʿҵĶӰɣҵԼȥֻ¶ҲΣա
ǧ֪컢붼û͵ͷãҴӦ㡣
컢ñɫ۾ۣȴû˵
ǧ룬ֵһ취סһʱ̳ܿģ
컢ͻȻһƹâΪĸ׵͹âһ˲˾ůޱȡ
𣿡ʡ
ǧһھˮȣҵĵҩղŸȵľˮҲʱһڻЩʱ϶̵ܿģ
컢ڵĹâ˼֣лл㣬࣡
ûʲôǧֻǸȡѡ
컢˵
Ҳ֪˶ã컢ûʱǧȡȼĶذס
ҪʼˣܻʹҪšǧתеĶذףذ׷һ⻮ʡ
컢ëʪģգգ۾ʾͬˣ˿ʹľӱʿҲûʲôоˡ
ǧһеĶذתһȦ˱컢Ķ


877 Ҫˡ

ǱϾ۷ħޣϵëƤҲõǿ⵶ȥǧֻëƤӲˡ

ȻôӲҪʿҪѺôһ
ǧۣþȫذ뵽ͷˣǣѾëƤûǶˡ
ʱ컢Ѿ֪ȫ˻˯С
ģ۷ħ޵ëȻӲǧҧҧͷȻкˮð
СѾͷذϻӦܺһЩڿռãͻȻǧ˵
ǧһʱȻˡ
ܿͶذϻɲǣһ͸ڶذ棬ʱ򣬶ذױ÷ޱȣ·ܽƬи
ŻĶذףǧѾܲˣиĺСģ˵˶ͷ̡
Ҳ֪˶ãǧиһ죬͸죬ǧ㿴һͷëɫʪϻ˫գСһģ۷۵ģرѿª
ǧҪȡͷһҵĽŲ
ѾڶڣЩ˽µӲԶ
Ѿܵɽڣ˫һ죬һκ˽ɽļơ
СǾޱСѿСҲЩɵģʲôͷȫ¶Ǽɵ
ôˣǧʶԾµĶɼӿ˼֡
СѿСǾޱǧ˵
ʱ򣬶ѾҲˣǧ㣬ͷ˺öභߣˣЩм仹һʵǿȫŵ֮ˣ˺öһʼͦɹģɱ˷ԺǾûô˳ˡ
Ѿһ٣ֵܿ죬˾ʹֱɽǸֹˣ
ǧüͷ
֮ˣ
СѿǵӦǷ˺öʵȺħʦߣڱصá
ǧšüѾڶˣ
Ѿͷǵģڵֻֿ֧Ų˶ˡ
˵ţɲͷȥǧͻȻ컢ĶӱʿˣǧҲкöѪһ㶣ȴֺܿ췴Ӧ˹
컢ӺʿӣֻҲġ
ǧ㣬컢𣿡Ѿ˿Щ
һڡǧѸٽСϻȡ˳ҴӦģҪһ
Сϻţʪĳǧ̽ʱСϻֻܽЩ̰˯ѡ
СϻѾۿͻȻˣллǧ㣡
ڣѾˣ
ǧû˵ٽСϻϵѪղֵݵ컢ǰŵԽСϻŪ˳Щһ۰ɡ
컢˫ֻССģĻԺȦһ죬ǳӣҵĺӡ
ԣĺӣܿɰǧ˷䣬˿ѾȾѪգǱ컢ġ
лл㡣
ǧû˵ȴǿ򶴿ڣǳ
ǣҪˡŵŵš
ͷĽŲӻңſڵºͶѾƵһߣŴҡ˽
СǾޱСѿ빥ȴԵһħʦ˽Ҳá
ˣǧɵɴ˫
߾ȻôʿܶСǾޱСѿ½ƣ
ǧŤͷħʦȥܿͷһźµӣӴһɫߣʹ˿ĳࡣ
ߵǧ¾ù죬࿴Ӽۡ
ŤͷܿǧĿˣɽеԺڵÿҪǺˣ׻Ҳ𣿡
Ǻˣǧװ֪ɫſ񣬡ߵã˿̾Уôҵģ飿
˫ɫӺˣ½Ļʵۣʥɽ޵ģеȻҲ޵ģʶͽ̽Ȼݹ޲
ǧͶ䣬ЦŶԭ½Ļʵ۰Ҽǵ÷ǽʥɽͶлọ̃Ҳ̫С˰ɣ˵õ̾ΪУ
δ㲻ִ֪Ůˣһʱ˫Ťаֵ̬֮
Ů˾Ȼſ񡣡ߣ޶Ҫ֪
컢һһ˲˲ԵĻȫɫ
ǧôǣֻ˵ɽ룬֪Ҫνѵأ
һ֣ħʦ˲ϣ˭޽ѵŮӣ޾ͷ޾ĲƱŮ
˫һḬ̃ɫ˲Ⱦۿǵͺһ˲ϡ
ǧ۲һܿͷַߵоȻûж


878 

վһ࣬ɫӥͬݷľڰ̽㣬Ż
ǧһв򵥡
µҲݲ룬Щħʦúÿ조ৡһռеѪ﷨ȡ
ҫ۵Ļɽڣ˲佫ɽյǳ
ǧӶŷȣ̬ħǿ˲ͽħʦߴڵء
û뵽һ˲ԭء
Ůƽû뵽ȻӡǿЩ޶ѲɣŮҲԸˣŭϵĵ֮֮к
סȴֵвϵֻһӵٴμսС
ǧȻӶɫĻ潫ɽȾһ˲ǳ
неѪ﷨ȣֿкɫ棬˫ɵɵһ㵺𾪡
Ȼû
Ȼǧ棬еѪ﷨ȣһɫĻʵ̫⣬ƾȷǸŮû
ǰѧԺһսŮԱӶɽ
ΪѾʱȻֳˣҷɸ꣬ȵļ֡
Ļ棬ʮ˰ɣ
ۣе˲䱻һĨȡ̷ǳ
ƾʲôܻã
ܵһĨǧܿͰĿںϣ˲죬ɴϵĵȴʮԣ⵽Ϊʲôأ
нǧϵ֮ͷš
Щħʦ߲ˣæĺпȥϣҪİ
ϵһ̧ۣĮ£
ޣѵһ֪ߵغŮˡ͵صɴ۾һ˲硣
ЦԸ
ˮΣüһһ˲ͷųˮϴ߼ħˮΡ
ಡͻȻˮӣеˮļһ¾ͽǧͷһһ
Χļˮӣǧͫһ
ħĸоЩϤǰ׷鴺¼ʱͱˮס
ʱҪȥڰˣ˹ȥȴǱٴθܵħҲ˵ǺڰټϷϣѲɣǺڰөϣ
뵽˴ǧͫٴһ£ͷҲһ
өΪʲôͻȻ֣ǻ᳤ģҲ˵ǻ᳤û
һ˲䣬ǧԴһըɺָֻܿƽ
Աûڰ᳤϶ҲˣνĺڰҲŷɥˡ
֮ͨǧŤͷĶԸЩˮӡ
Ѿʮħʦǰˮξ͸ðײһͲẦ°֣
ǧϵħɫĻȼգڿˮӵʱͻȻţˮ˲ڶ
ˮ𱾾ǿǣˮܽ𣬵߽һЩĻܽˮճˮ
ͷƤ顣
Щƿ֮ƣϽˮˮ
ৡһˮξȻƿһӣŮ˸ִӿ߳ȻԵõģɢƵġ
˫ɺ죬ҧгݡ
Ͽ½ƣŮ߳г
өûжǧ𾪡
ȻûƳ߼ħˮΣөҲʱŷǧĲһˣʵǰǧ򱶣˾Щ¡
ǧû𾪵өһЦ˫䣬׹ǡ
өʱŷӦ
ǧ׼ٴ½ơ
ǧǿͼȻϣֱֿסөĲӣҲµĽƴϡ
½ƣǧЦ产Ȼǣǲóѵġ
өٴ𾪣ٶȱǰ˿ɵعʱȴôҲѲǧǯƣŮ˵ôǧЦЩΣգһˤ顱һөֱӱ˦˵ϡ
өʹƺһо׵ϺҪˣŮݼʹǧδϢĻᣬǳʤ׷һСǾޱСѿµĽҲˡ
СǾޱСѿٷɵǧߣΪˣҲÇNɪ˼֣ȫûǰļɵС
өõɴ˫Ů˾⿪µĽƣ
ǧ˫һ˫ȥ
өһ̴ӵϷӵ˰ȫĵط
ǧָһЩʧܵõǿ죬Ȼһ˫۾ɾͱסˡ
өû˵ǲҴˡ
дҪܱŮ˽ˣ


879 ӳˡ

өϣĿȴͷ컢
ǧͫһ
ãөҪû¡
ǧһ㣬׷өȥ¸ǲһŻͶĻʵ
өһ¶ĹѱǱٶȲܿͿͷ컢
ǧһݣĻ£׼ǣ
顱һ£ţʯΧȻһӣǧΪ˲˵ǻصظı˻ж켣
өƿĹƣȻֱʯϣŶЩơ
վһԿ𾢣ۿөҪõˣ̳ϣЩ׻£޾ٻ󣡡
ˣǧ˫䣬ѸСǾޱ˵
СǾޱǵٶȿþͬ磬˻δӦʱСɰپ˻ӵǧߡ
ǧӹ˻˿ռС
ʱ컢һϢԼұصеźҲûˡ
࣬úöԴҵı
ǵǧ֣ر֤ãһġ
ͷ컢չƽǻصǧУҧ˫Щࡣ
㡱
ָǧ˵һ仰
ǧ˵ºͶѾǰǵЦ£ʵ˵˰ɣͷϻǰ׻һͷ컢ѣ󣬺οСϰ컢أ
ǰ׻Ǳ컢
ȫû뵽ˣЩֱԭء
ʱǧֱӳʹ˸ɫ
ºͶѾ⣬ֱܳɽ
ûǧǰֻϺȵģĻᣬǧø˳
ˣ̣ץʾвȴʲôҲˣֻŮ˴Բ
㵨ƭޣȾŭɫһҪǧˣʲô컢ǰ׻Բԣ
ǧЩεر죬㰮Ųţ˵Ǳ컢Ǳ컢УٻȥͲܣ
ǿӲſȫûһҪ˼
ϣŪ족ôУ̬ȫޡ
өȨûϻಡһֱƷ˺˱컢Ƥ⣬ȡһǡ
ǻڵѪѪܵЩˡ
ʲôҪɱŮˣǽȡ»ǵġ˫Ǻ죬Ѿȫөˡ
ǧšüͷžûзκ
өĿ겻ǻǱ컢Ĺͷ
Ϊʲô
ΪҪȥǣʲôԢ
ҵĿֻǻǡөһԸǽϣ½ĻʵۣҾͲˡ
䣬Ҫ뿪
ͼ׷˹ȥ޲ߣ޵˶ʲô³
өһǴӻͳһԲĶ
ǧظ֪ΣգⶫԲʲôöһ㣬Ҫ뿪
өѾԲĶ
ֻá顱һԲĶȻըˣɢʵĹâЩâǽڵʱǽϵЩʯͷҲʼըˡ
顱䣬СʯɽɽȻҲбơ
ڵϵħʦ˲ˣһµҪ֮ء
顱ɽϵЩܵ˾Ǳѹ˴ʯ£˲ͱѹ⽴
ǧüͷšµٶȸ˼֣ɽ͸Ĺʱ˿
ãӳǧ˷ҵķ٣Ťͷɽȥ
һ޴ɽ˿̾񶹸һȻҲ屾òˣЩûӳҲʯУֱࡣ
~~~~
~~~~~
ǧһܿ˿Ǵӿռ﷢ģĶֻ
֪ʱˣȻڲϿǸӦ׵ԲŻİɡ
ǧ̾һܿͰѻӿռȡ˳
ĻʵøˣССģû󣬿ģǧ˼ͻȻЩܲˡ
ˣȻˣҴӦչ˺õġǧָԴࡣ
ճСϻģǧ»Ὣ
Ǹоǧ⣬Сͷģζ۾ʪģģ࿴ʱͦɰ
ǧԴڻû֣ȻСװɡ


880 һֵŮˡ

Сһͦϲֵġ
ʱǼŲϣǧһݣС׶㵽һԵС
Щˣ϶ҲǳСģˣ
ʦҸղôһ죬Ǳ˽ȵ˰ɣǣǧѩ
ĭҲŴôܣϾǰ׻ͱߣ԰ү
һһ䣬ûͦ
ǰͷȴһ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧŮ˵˵ʱЩζ
ѵһֱŮһ
뵽Ů˿궼ڷǰƣǧζˡ
ǳĲģĽŲԽԽˣǧЩ̲סæǲݴԿ˹ȥֻһۣе˳
ЩЩɬ̻һ˫ε֣ץš
˵һĸоߵֻ֣ηǰ棬һϯɫ˳Ⱦ紵ʱɽ֮۵İѩþòǡ
ˣ㾫ºÿɣģǧܸо͸⣬ѩִӣ·ûκܽϵı
ǰεĵһۣǧĸоԼĿڣɬѹ֣Ū
Ϊ
ǰķβǰķȻĮ
Ҳ㲻ҽӽεڣǧֻоһƬţҲûеƮ鶯
ǷΣ
ѩɽϵı飿
ǧҧ˫һʱֻͷˡ
ΪλˣΪԼ
УΪҪ£ϲɫ
ǧʵЩ벻ͨ˿ĺܹȥסΣΪλˣΪҪɫ
˿̻ͻأ˶ӵģʵڲʺطϷ룬һЩĵطҲ٣ʱʲôʲôȫʲôǡ
ǧͦŤͷ侹Ȼַӷ˳
ǱĺܣٶˣϵĽҲˣ˿̵ʲô·ߵؤ
ǧšüŷǣ˾Ȼû
죬Ǳ£ôǱĭһ۾ͷ˷洽ֹ
ܿҲע⵽˷
£ôˣΪŪǱĭǰĵؽ
һŻֵ޽ϴͷˣǸϾȻɽըˣǸŮ˾Ȼˡ
ɽը٣̱
һɧңǧѩĭһš
̾Ȼᱻ
ĸŮ˸̣
ʲô̾Ȼˣĭɴأ԰θ
üͷһ۾Ϳڵ̰ߣûǰˣŮҲˣʱûп𣿡
ĭҡͷûʲôû
ɫɬ
ǱץסҪŮã
ǰ濴ѾɽϸһûܵκλϢȻˡ
ͷĸأǳʡ
վεʱְڳЩƣȥɽڵʱͷĸ˼һϢˣûñûϢŮ˳뽫ߣʵڶ
ǧѩվһ࣬ĥЩ̾ˡ
̵ˣ˭ϲͻȻ
ŮĿܾףˡ
Ȼ𣬷ǣһСк鲻ɱùŹ
һСҲޣüһŨŨľ档
һС˿϶ޣɷϲֲһСקŷε°ڣشС档
η䣬˲¶
ޱȡ
ʵܲˣǰˣֻܹԹԿڵһѪɫȣɫŮˡ
ϲһȻס
۲һΡ
ɫȣŮˣ
᲻
ŵĺͣĻ
ĺֻһɺϣɺϱƣǲνƣɲ䣬ȴһĨڣѪɫķȣɫŮ˳ʲôģ
ϲһתҵȻǼǵ׵ġ
ô֪šüϵǱ鼱˼֣Ůɴ棬ܿòǸ˹أ
ϲüףˣ
˲Щ㱣ɴģ
ѵֻһɺ
δһҲЩɢڴʲôأ


881 Ļ

滹ţôҲҵõɣûǾҲҲ˷ʹ˳Ľëסڵıˡ
ǧ͵͵ţϲֵԺ˶һ£ҲЩӲұʲôʱͷһˣ
һַۣλǣһСԶԶȥ͸һ
ǧ棬˶Щѣ
һˣβѾ֪˰ɣ
ǧϲϵĺɫûĨȥ˿˿ڣΨһ˫۾Ө͸Ӧûʲô
ܿ͸ܵ˷ϵıˣǰֱ̣ӿ̽档
ǧƣĺܹȥαڻУţûĿǰٵȵȾͺˡ
£ˣѪɫķȣɫ棿ǧѩͻȻڣҲһ˿
ɣ
Ѿ˰ѵɺϣ
ʣޣ
ǧѩһ㶣æǵŮҡ
Ȼңͱ˵ᱻˡɫڶûкù
ǧѩǺһЦǲҶˡ
īѪɫԺ˶Щ㱣ǵǧѪ﷨ʱӢˣǰķֻŻӵС

˸˼ıǧ
Ҳֻǲ²⣬ܵõ֤ʵ֮󣬷ǿڵɽѾû˻ϢѾᣬٴȥҲʲôˡ
䣬ǣŷϲת뿪
תʱŵһ
ϤķεٴŤͷܿȥȴûпʲô

νܣΧʲôûеʱڵʧ
һֱڵɵȴһδʧľͬʬ⡣
ķΣǧĺٴһϡ
ĺ뱧ķûãһϯ˵ӰʧǧǰֱҲˣŴ˳ŷ뿪ķһĨڵ˼
붼ûĸȥȵҹ˾ʱ͸̯ơ
뵽˴ǧоͳ
Ҳ֪˶ãһǧǰ
ʱɫѾˣʥɽҹ·ĻֻշǳǾڴ˴һ̡
ǧУǱߵ
ֻɴɴǶͷ˵ЦֻзһֱвŹ¼ŷǳ
ô
һլУֻкһʱŻȥ伸Ȧڣֳɼ˰ɣ
ǧ̾˿иɬǳ
һɫˡ
ɴɴͷЩ⣬ŻصЪϢȥˡ
ΧƻȫϨǧͷĽŲᣬԲû˵ע⡣
ҪеʱȴһŲڴ
һ㶣̶㵽һԡ
ʱӱƿˣθִ߳ɫ֮ɫ侲ȴȾһʹ̣һͼΪɬ
ߵΧһƫƧĵط˳İƮ裬ˡ
ǧԶԶţֻͷˡ
ˣһӵִǧȥͼҹ˹ȥڷμͷͷɡ
û˵ޱҹɫ˳˼
ҹ֪ڻˣ򴽽ȴʲôҲû˵
ҹãβŵ͵ͻһ䡣
ҹһ㶣æǳӦӣڡ
ûлͷɿޱҹɫ˵Ļ𣿡
ҹüһʱûӦʲô
䣬ѩ׵ͬһǳǳģȴĹǣ˵һŮѪɫȣɫģ˵𣿡
ҹŴ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
˵ɺϣ⻰ߣôҲ˵ˣ»ġ
ӣ²ⴧ⡣ҹ˵
šü˵˵ĿҲ㡣
ҹ򴽰꣬˵ӣΪֻһɺϣӵѪɫȵ˿϶кܶ࣬ټνɫ棬ҲǱɣ϶Ҳֵָİɣ
ħʦʹõĻҲбģľ΢ЩɫͨǿһЩϹŻȣǲɾʹˡ
࣬ϹŻ־죡
ӵбħʦͦģӵϹŻֵħʦֻǧһˡ
δ˵ʲôĻ棬ҹ뵽ֻб档
ǺǣϹŻ֣
ǹǴ˵еĶɣ


882 ¶

Ϊֻɺϣλʡ
ɫȾ£˫纣·ܽ롣
ҹһ㶣Խ˵ͷôġ
û˵һǰڰ֣ȥɣҪ
ҹ˵Щʲôȴסˣ̾һ̧뿪
һ뿪ϵıŸٴ¶̯֣һĨ»֮Ծ£ָƺҪץУȴʲôץס
ǧһΪߵúԶԶһ𣬿ɵ󣬾Ǳⷬģˣ֪ĶҲ֪
һһ֮̽̽ľǰããһƬͷ·ǿֹһ
һ˵Ѿ˵ʱڼ֣ΪӡֻһҲȥ
ҲΪˣ͸ڵȣ꣬ʮȡ
Ϊǧܵ¹֮Щ΢ȴɵве⡣
ģҲڻˣΨվԶǧƸܵʲôͷɬ
ε̸ˣˣӲǹһ̣·Ѿӳˡ
ǰͲɢ
Էܶ飬ɲǵҲᷢı䡣
˿̣ģĶǱ˴ˣٹҲı䣬һЦۣȴɴһĨɬ
Σһǧϵɴժ£һһȥ
ߣ㱸ûŲ
ǧһһÿһСһΡ
վڷǧһȴʲôҲ˵δεʱкöö໰˵ɼԺ󣬾㾲ţҲһ㡣
Σһˡ
ǧüһ䣬ƽỽ
ֶصŮڼžҹ
ɵɴ󣬴Ҳ
Ϥķûתڹе˫ҲżҲЩ£ǻþתԺͻ뺣¥ɢ
ΣתͷҰǧδתٴγ
ȸղŸҲΪʵ˼֡
εͷٴһͷһڿϤζһеһжѾף
ɫµ˶ʱ˫һ£еıѣĵĴ͹¼ȫһ¶
β˲ָ⣬ֻǰһˮ
ʲôʱȻˣ
𣿡ƴƣ˼ֲ
ǧĿ⣬ЩȣȻˣ
һ֮֮ϵĴʦȻˣΪǧӣиһůķΣôأ
ҡǧǰ˫ϣǳʵܵҵ¶ȣ
ָ¶ȣһһڷ˫ӣ漴Уþòɢ
ε˫ٴεɴ˫ϵ¶ȵģָҲģ¶ȷ·ܽҿĵ
Ļ˷̧Ϥ˲ӳУ̰ؿţһֻ᲻ˡ
ܵˣ𣿡ƴɤΪɳ˼֡
ǧͷĿµ
ʱ䣬һҪɼԺ󣬼ãҲʲôҪˡ
ķΣǿҲɺÿ
ôȣôܻΣǧЦһҲƺЩĻ˰Ρ
˫׵ⲻʣϸϸ˲֪Щʲô
ǧԴҲԣһ뿪ͻȻֳ֣ǺܴģƷλΪһΡ
Ǹĺǧ˵ʵж֤ⲻһΣţһסε½ֱҧһڡ
Ǹλҧģӡڣ˿̣Ūһӡӱжÿˡ
޵ĲǧЦ۲۰ⲻһ˰ɣ
Щϸϸۣʹȴʮʵ˲ͰѷڵĲƴɢ֮ɫ˫þˣͷ·ҵĳֹޣ¼š
ⲻΡ
Ļˣķ˫һ½ǧ뻳С
ַ䣬۵ýҪԼĹ
ǧ۵Щ̰¶ȣûнƿκΪΪš
Ѵ˲䣬Ǹҵ޵ģǧĲ˼飬ķξȻˣǿɰ


883 ϲ

ڵȵˡνͷľѴ漴ź
˵ʱϸֱǧľѴȵģģǧһֻһȫ˶
˿ɶ
ǧ֣ڷαţڰο
αĵɱ۾ûãৡһ½ò׵ȵˣһѹֲ֮˿ô죿
νɿ´ǧۡ
ˣ˲٣ΪһЩ˫ͬǳӳĵ»ޱȡ
ǧ󷽷ţͻȻһЦôΰٿ㰲οһ¡
ϷǳĵϷζŷСȴǼΪãֻŻ˵ĻҲֻöļ⣬֮¡
ˣĶǰᵯеɫЩˡ
ǧһסε֣öţԱ׹ɽ£ɵ֮Ҿ͵һصĵطûκλֻһˡ
šüͷĴ½֮ȷźܶصط
ɴδ˽ȥҲûصļء
ǧüֵۣʱҲȥ·Ϊ˵һʱ䣬ֱǰЩҲŴǸط
ֽĿͶϣۡ
Ա֣вͻű͡
սǧ֣ʧõıԺٰŪ
ܵεĽţǧֱʾοҪģѾȥˡ
û˵ӽ׵Ҳزסˡ
ǧ﷢ţǸ㲻Һô𣿡
šüͷڵ˼ȫǧϣֱѣ뵽иӡ
ըʱǺӹҲ׶༪ˡ
ҲûϵֻҪþͳˡ
ƽ̹СỺڣģ˰ݣ޷ֻҪţʲôûҪ
ǧգգ۾
ףβΪѾû˰ɡ
÷ϲֻƻըë
㲻Ϊû˰ɣǧ˫գӳ¹µЦݸ⶯ˡ
ζüۣ΢Ա֣㵱ʱΣܹѾܿĵģ󡣡
ֻţͳͳҪ
ֻҪ
е֮ǧӣһĨɬٴϮҷôôأ
ǧһڣЦŵ˼룬ܺãѾˣ
̧ڸһƬӨɫˣ
ǰǰ˵ϲ֣ǧ˶ˣˮǳǳ£ÿǳˣرɰһ˫ϵħʦϵĽףϵףɣ
Ц
ǵĺȻͬ졣
Ҹ˵ֱһģ̳ģֻʲͬˣһֻƤӣɺˡǧһ˫˲ߢ
ζĴ꣬ڲһ
붼ûʹչȥסĴ꣬ǵúƺĶ
ǧִϣš
ûãԴЩκģŵϢԺǧ;ðޱȣҲ磬˫ȸ
һסֹͣǣ
ǧԴκģŷӦ˵ġָϲ֣ƿ꣬аŴɫЩˡ
ΣǰЩӲǼһСк𣿡ǧգ۾ʣˮɫӹˡ
κһͷͰѳֲסˡ
ǼһγɤٴαɳǸͦɰĺӣ˵Ҳ棬ܾ⺢Ե֪һЩ
ǧЦò÷ǳѪˮ
ѵû⺢ӳ񣿡ǧٴʳ
סϸʱֻ뵽ϲźʵƲ˭˫۾ǧ
˵ģָһҲЩ
СȻӣ
Ѿһ˼죬ȻûϳЩʧְˡ
ǧ°裬ϲǵĺӣ
ٴһ㶣ȫȻûյ򶨣˿ʲôһЦݣŨŨģҲġ
ϲ֣
һƽϲ
һֲܺ֡ԵһҾѸֺöЦţǵЦôҲ䲻¡
ǧ


884 ֤㲻ðƻ

ЦÿһŬеڸǵѪŨˮİɣ㶫ϵ϶ͬ
ٴν뻳С
ˣһĺӣξԼӮңʲôˣҲʲôȱã
ȥǶӡǧֳ˳°ڣͿһЩڵӣһʱûϳҲͦġ
ȻֲܾЩΥ͸УԭǺӾͿһڵӣһͿûƳǺģˡ
һ뵽ǰЩǼұǧѩУεľ̲ס
Ǹǧѩٲ֪ڸģݹˡôˣɫѿܵϵ⣬ǧ̲סʡ
ҡͷûʲô
黹ǲҪˣġ
ʱ⴦طҹ˾Ψзڵƻ㣬һܰС
ͬʱӣ粢˽ȥ
ʱ򣬷ϲſڴ۰Ͱ͵ŷλһ̧ͷվףȻɴ˼֡
ۣٶȺÿ죬ȻѾҵ͵طˡ
⻭棬ϲֻͦ˵ģһף
ǧĶˣ֪þã˭֪㾹Ȼˡ
ϲֶ˶ָͷСҲŬѰףǵʱˣ͵˽˭֪Ȼ˴磬ҺãҪȥס
磿
ǧܿζ˵ôӦþǷΡ
ԭǵˣȻ˴磬֪δ˿ôġ
Сӿ϶ǹİɷһῴߣСӾװɵ㶣Ҳͦãһǧѩ֣Ҫͱʲô۶ˡ
֪û֣ǧѩҲͱ˲۶ӣ뽫ϲɱ
ʲô磬ǧһ
ϲӦһ𻽵
֪еˡ
óȻжžۣҲûɶˡ
ỽεӲɱˣȻĵˣò˼顣
ɵˣȥϴ㲻ðƻǧ˵ЦϲֵԴ
ϲһƺЩˣŲðƻߣ
´ƨƨȥϴˡ
ģǧĸ˼֡
ϴϲƨƨ˹ڵƻ͸ŮһֻҪһ۾ͻ֪Ǹӵġ
˧ԲʲôðƻӴϲױƵĴ˴Լ
ζСֻϤһʱһУĵ׶ӣÿɰ
ԶԶԣ㲻ðƻǧһԴ
ϲЦܹȥסεĴȣҪ
ʲôҲû˵ͽϲֱ
СӰװ֣Ҳͦзġ
ϲֵõ˿ѾõĸЦ۾гһ죬ÿ֣еҲףá
ǧͷζһۣ˽ԴӶԷпЦ⡣
Ц⣬ˡ
ûãϲ۾оЩˡ
ǧӹϲ֣˴ϡ
Ҫһ˯ϲһסǧ°ڣЩԺġ
ǧһһȥûһ˾³ȵĺ
˵˯գͷò˼飬ԭľʹ˿ʧں֣ܿһҲÿ֡
ЩʵģҲ֣
Ŵǣǧȥǧ˯úܳûбѣСԴڲϲš
αһȣһЦȴʲôҲû
ա
ҹǰ緹
ʱ򣬷Ѿˣ´ȴûгǧǡ
ҹŲ̣һͿԼӴϺһŮˣŮ˱Ʋʵģ
ѽ꣬ôܻŮˣ
ҹΪԼˣٿȥʱɿһŮˣŴ۵ըˣӲϲ˵
뿪꣬Ӷκ˶ģ˻ŮˣǰЩǸСǱģŮô£
ϻûʲôŮˣôһͳŮˣ
ѵΪ˻ʹӶѱ˷ˣ
ҹԲһϵжԹ˲ĸЩۣѲ̷ԺûһҪȥ˼
ȳȥɡΰڰ֡
ҹ̿ˮһֹģδŪҲ˵ЩʲôҧŲĵ˳ȥ


885 ҪҰ

ҹһ뿪ǧתѡ
ǱζŪѵģ㰡ˣߵߣǳš
ǧЩԺģźÿʱ˼֣㳤ÿˣ㾹Ȼһ仯ûУֲǧѩĭ㻹ǲġ
˵ţƺһЩ⡣
μԴˣЦЩ۾ǣֻҪ㡣
ǧһϣһԽԽ˵ˣ˵ĸζ˲
Σ㲻ϲɫ·ΪҪɫˣ
ĳΪϲֻҪҴϲĶ϶ͻ㿴㲻ǻ𣿡
ǳЦеĹ⻪˱Ǽⷺᡣ
ɫֻϲ
ҲûֻҪȴţͻ
ķôôã
ǧסĲӣһ꣬ǲǺܳ
ֻҪˣͺáγͬ紵ڶϣ˻ˡ
ǧקε°ڣͷů

˵˲䱻һЦϣǧŤͷַϲֲ֪ʱѾˣգŴ۾һֺĿ⿴ǡ
ģһ
ǧŴεסͷǼһ﾿ЩʲôףǼ~ϲβ䣬Եʲôûġ
ǧͷװ׵ģôһ˵͸ⲻͷ·Ǹղʲô˵һ
ҪԶ𣿡ǧָָϵʳתע
ϲС汻ʳסˣأԣʳɺóˡ
ǾԼ·ǧҲ·˴
վһ࿴ǣⷺᡣ
ϲش·˵ˣСҲҪʳ
ڲԣ
ûãͷʹһ
üͷҳȥ
áǧӦһ
ÿӳȥ󣬷ηǧѩ֣֪ΪʲôȻĭ
ǲܳԿһҪһ
ô£ǳʡ
ҹҡҡͷ֪³ʱ򣬾ͼѾˣʹǣҲ֪ʲô
˻ڳߴߴķεüͷøˡ
˷ʱʧõıǶദء
θ̧ŻȥͼѾԼϣɶ½Ų˫纣쳣
ǧѩûһȹߵǰ޿ʦҪΪĭһֱңղŻѶҩ·ҪҰ
üһȻ¶ˣ¶ˡ
ʲôʣĮ
ǧѩմȾ˶ҩ·ȡҸղƼĭ͵͵ⶫУһȻͱˡ
δ˫һ£һ־綾
ү˵˵ĭŭ壬һѿסǧѩļŭⶾҩǧѩԼģǸСˬҪ¶ǸС·ƼˣȻСҪˡ
ʲô
Ҷӣ
üžκˣ·˲ܽû
˵ģģţȴĵ׷š
ǧѩķһһʱ֪˵Щʲô
δĽë׺ű飬һ˲ǣһߣ˵Ŀģ
ǧѩƬ̣ܿһԼǵģĭں˵˵ѣᶾһأ
ʵ붾ϲ֣˭С˷εע⣬ǸϷһһڷǰʧӣʲ¾һ
ԣѡ͵͵¶û뵽Ȼĭˡ
Ϊ˶סĭ죬;ȷˣʱǸִһʣ˵ʱôأ
ĭɫ࣬ǧѩǸҪϷ˵öʵүǲŵĻǧѩղңϵǸҩӦûüɡ
ǧѩɫࡣ
Ǹҩ滹ϣһкö඾ҩĩûؼɫԣεĿ˼֡
ȫԿ϶˭˵ˣһжҪ֤ݡ
βͷҹȥ
ǧѩŵõһɣһŮӣʦҵ𣿡
үɡĭԸ£ЦҲЩ
εͷ
ǧѩֻһѣҪ˺ܿ죬ĭҵһҩ滹вٶҩζҲţһǾ綾
ү㿴ҩ


886 

ζǰĶҩɫһ˫絶ǧѩ㻹ʲô˵𣿡
ǧѩŵ촽ҲȻӦ˹ֻҵ˶ҩѣûҵ¶֤ݰ
ֻҪϣΣ
ⶾҩȷҵġǧѩ̧°ͣȻЩԸ˵ģС˵ҶС¶ǿԩ
ĭɫһ䣬֤ȷ䣬ϷȻ
ǧѩͷֵС㣬ó֤֤¶ˣҲˣòҶҪôʦ
ĭ
ò֤ݣʱǧѩֹ˵ҪСһҩ˳ʱر÷ζĿ࿴붼ûֹǧѩĶС
˭룬ղŵĳ嶯ǳΪְŵĶ
ǣ֪͵궾ٳˡʱҿҪ¶ʹȥˣû֤ݡĭ˵ýͰͣɫѿ
ǧѩˣЦһ˫۾Ҿ˵ᶾһСأСֻǿˣ˰ɡ
ǺǡĭЦ˵
ǧѩЦøΪţһʦ˵İɣ
ζ򴽲
ǧѩ嫵ڣܾԼĶкεģֻû֤ݣȻַҪġ
ʦûһҪǺӵ˼ǧѩΪ֤Լ׵ģɿڽ͵ǲһҰӶѣȥ鷳ң˵߶ˣ˭֪ǲģһײҪˣʦһֱҪǸСƿ
򴽣˫ˡ
˵Сƿô˵һһأ
ɵȲһˡ
ҿǧѩһЦ罫СӶż϶ҵطǲѰңطʳ㣬СҲ
䣬ǧѩðȫ˷εı顣
εɫڵóףڣ뽫ŮƬ
Ķӣֵõ˵ģ
ǧѩԲ𰡣ҶӣֲܡһŮд
ϤŮǧѩһ񱻵Ѩһԭһ
Ϥˣ
ǰѾˣԱôܻţ
ǧѩ񣬺ܿ죬Ϳһ˫ƿӣֻ¶˳¶ʱǧѩͫһˡ
毺õӣļſЦǸ
Ѿ
ô
ǧѩ߬˫֣˶ˣˣ˾˰ɣΪʲôҪǰ
ǧЦһʧֳʧӣǧرЦΪҪ㿴ңûʧ
ǧѩҧû˵
νַǧϣôˣ
˵ҲҪӣ˵ҪҺӶֹطȥǧüЩŭģǲӳҼұҪ۸ȥ
ߣϲվǧԣ˫ֲҲһڵģ
ǳЦٴԴ
ǧѩǣŵСﾹȻСˣһǸ͸ͷγúС
԰ղ˵Скɫӵģǰúÿǳһ͹ʮݣǧѩȻɴ۾Ժ˲両ֳʻ㡣
뷨һǧѩ´ŷϲּۣȴҲܿ췢ǺСƣ˫۾ֽ˺޵
ޣǸƣͬһˣ
ǧѩҧгݣ˫ոѿֻӬһ
ŷϲ֣Сͷγһ뵽ղǷ˵ģҲ˵Сͷεĺӣ
ǧѩס㱻뷨Żˣģʦô飬ܻкǧѩϰοԼȴˣ˵⺢ģ
ǧָ⣬ʣǧһЦζ׼ȷ˵Һͷεĺӣ㿴ǳö񰡡
ǳȫ˶֪һǧѩܲסĴŤѿȷ񣬿ǧǰѾˣ㵽ǺˣΪҪǧӣŪС䵱ʦĺӣ㾿ʲôĿģ
ʣ˫ȴʧǡ
ĭǰ־磬ɫһΡ
Ů˱Ǵ˵зεӣǰԱɱڰ᳤Ĵ


887 ǧ̫

ò˵ƯʹһϮɫϵڲȥģһ˳Եζ
ʣòƼҵճŮȲһ˿һ
ĭ߬ģһʱֻһӿͷûǧʱΪŮվڷߣֱգ㷢֮Ĳж󣬸֮
ǧü͵Ц˭˵ˣǻδҵʬ𣿡
ǧѩһ֪˵ʲô
ǧüһתһ˲ģѲɣȥ
һ䣬ϵһ䣬˷
ǧѩŵʶһ˵˵ҴδֻǻðƻѣϾʧͻȻ֣ܹЩԾɡ
һĭҲ̽Ŀ⿴ǧðƻͺˡ
Ȼл᣿
Ǻǡǧվһ࣬ЦζŤͷΣΪ޹˵ðƻ˵ôأ
ζǧѩŨɽ֮ѩǲðƻĺܣͲҪˡ
˫ڣƲŭǧѩٴαһҧֻ˫һЩڵء
ڷһֱǸˣ
ǧѩëһеŭɫͲʸŨˣʦû뵽ҲᱻԻȫ¶ɵ㡱
ǧֻЦ
ǧѩǺˡ
ûϵƷŲ˵߶߶
ʱվһҹ±ƣ˾Ȼˣֹ˻һСǸСӵĶӡ
ǣӵĶӾȻǸС뵽˴ҹЩˣû뵽תۡ
ҹ򴽣Ҷԣúúһ¡
ǧѩһе¶ȸһЩЩ飬ҵ治Ҫָֻŵġ
ǡǧѩ˵ʲôȴڵɱ֮סˡ
оȻɱǼ˵ȥĻǧѩԿ϶ԼᱻɱڷУﾹȻҪ
ǧѩҧ˲ӬһܣǹԹԵģһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ǧ˳εӣЦòޱȣķʵǺüˣǧѩŵò˵ˡ
ӴԴƵЦݣǧѩҪɱˡ
ôˣΪ㳳֣ɴɴһ˹īԴ
ڳ˲ûп˵˸ӺˣɵǽĿͶȥʱֱӴԭء
ī裬˫һ£Ҳζ󣬻һ˿Ĺ⡣
վŮһϮ£毺ã˫˵Ĺ󣬼ʹʧ꣬ɹâ䣬ƲĿ⡣
ڻ
ǧīһȴֲǰһΡ
ǧиӦʱīĿţ΢㶣ȴǹЦˣþò
Ϥīǻޱȣָһ޷ӻ
ǧֽĿͶɴɴԴϣɴɴԴþò
ɴɴԴŷӦ˹
ۿ
ȻǧûĻˣ
һĺϢ˶һۣ漴¶һĨޱȵЦݣʵ̫ˣʧ˾ȻܻһҲûС
Ǿ֪ǧ϶µġ
ǧĻˣɴɴæȥǾЩʵ
ţһˡǧüЦޱȣǰһ
ɴɴסһ˲ֻһȸָӣůģΣ
ٴιЦޱȣһȴЩƵģǧûѾȥˣ㾹ȻôŻ
ǧЦȴɴɴͷţǰοɡ
ɴɴӣڶ϶˵ʲô
ǧһһ
һɴɴ̧ͷǧȥɣˣкö໰Ҫ˵
áǧ붼û͵ͷӦˣھȥ
ɴɴæͷڻĹ⡣
ǧתɴɴ뿪˼뵽ʲôһͷʱЦ绨Σɴɴɣ۶ӾͽˣҺܿͻҪ̫ҡ
䣬Ȼһǡ
οˮã
ҹˣ۾ˡ
£˾ȻϷӣ
һԵǧѩĭѺ޵ҧÿ죡
ǧʲôתͷ뿪ˣߵǽһ
ںͷɴɴǾ仰Ժֱŵö˽Ų


888 ĵī

۶ӣ
ǧʹʦкˣ
ɴɴȻͷͿһ۵Сվڷ࣬Сӳøһʵ̫¿ɰˡ
ɴɴſˮ죬ʦǧȻкˣϢʵ̫ͬͬŸǧͷֻԴЩκġ
īȴšü˫Ҳɽһ
ŷϲ֣кֳһĨЩӣҲЩʹࡣ
īջĿ⣬ɴɴǺͷ
ζıӰ⽥䣬ȴǲԡ
̸֮˵أɴɴɱ޿䣬ǧ֪Żˣ֪ԱɽµʱĶˣǶˣٳٶ֣Ūﶼϰµġ
ǧֱû˵
ɴɴӣˣǧ꾿ȥĶ
λһʳԴīˢˢǧ
ī裬ǧ˫֮кʲôк
ǧһ귢˵һͨ
һɳĬ
֮ɴɴƿ꣬Ǵ˳ĬҲ˵㱻һûлֵطΪ̫ŵԳ
ǰǧ۳
ɴɴҧǣһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǧĬɿڿοһжȥˣҲȫˣǰ˾˰ɡ
ɴɴ㶵ͷɻǶпʵ̫ˣ·ԼϣֻҲûǿɡ
ɴɴһ꣬Ҳǧӳˡ
еĳЦ⣬ǧһ򣬸Цһ
ԴīҲһ꣬ȫ󲻵ǧʲôﶼûеȻҲȥ
ī˫һҲһĨϧǿˡ
ǧǸӡɴɴ΢٣ɹһǿʵղŴʦԵĺӣʦ𣿡
īҲ̧ǧдһĨɫ
ǧǵĿ⾡۵ףĵȻˣǺӳôΣȻҺͷεġ
ɴɴ˫һ飬ǺӶѾôˣŶѾˣҲ˵ը֮ǰǧͻϺˡ
죬ٶҪҪô죿
ҶǸɵĴʦɴɴ󲻵ģһٴγ˳顣
ͻȻôʦҲЩ̻ϢˡԴɴ
ī۽и˼֣Ϊлᣬû뵽ǰǾѾһˡ
ǸӶѾˣ𳤵ǰɰ£᲻
īʹ˲֪˿̵Щʲô
ǧװûпīڵһЩ黹ǲҪ˵ȽϺðɡ
˵˼仰ھȻ˲٣ǧһûһµİϵĲ豭ϵЦһֱġ
һīЩסվǧһ£Ҫͬ˵
֪˵Щʲôǧʲôûʣ͸˳ȥֻɴɴͷ۵С۵ġ
ߵһƫƧĵطīͣ˽Ų
ǧҲͣ£˫һУʲô飬ͿЩ˵ɡ
ī费ǲЦڴ˿ȴƽһĨ֮ɫģܸܵ͸ͳʹ
ǧһȴǲ֪ΰοЩ黹ǲҪϣĺá
ǧǸӵͷεģīüʡ
ǲţǳֻһӶѣΪʲôᷢı仯
ǺӵȷҺͷεġǧüۣƽûκε쳣зϲ֣ǰĺӣѾˣҲһ
˵ϸī費սȭͷǸصˣһԻԿģӣ㵱Ϊ飿
ǧ֪ΪԼ룬˵ΣЩġ
ķáһʼҲ÷Ǹ֮ˣ߸ϣͬˣԲ˼Уǡǧ΢٣ֵദҲŷ֣ǸõˣȻҲ࣬ʱ̶Ϊҿǡ
īָ⣬˵һ䡰Ҳԡ
ģ̌ȻһĨ貵ĹԣҲܷػΣֻҪҺþ͹һδ
ī趢ڵĹԣֱЩԲΪµġ
Ҳһֱδī轫ֵڶǰɳƣżڵȻͳʹ


889 

ǧŴǣһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǧ㵱ϲ𣿡ī费ƴż飬Ũҵģǧ˼ֱӣԸ⣬Ҳá
ǧšüʶһԲ޿ġ
˻ãֻҪī˫ȭекҲȾһʹֻվǶ˾Ӱⵥĺܡ
ǧָһȴʲôҲû˵
ǧУʲôīۣʵ
ǧüۣһһ䵭˵һʼֻǺˣҾѣɴɴԴͬġ
ǣȻīЦţʶһŲҲЩġ
ֻѼˣǧ򴽣ҲЩܡ
ǿԣҲʧȥѣȫ
ǵãʱĶ𣿡ī軰һתͻȻô˵һ䡣
ǧϸһǿ𣿡
īͷÿ˫𣬳⣬֪кԢ𣿡
ȻԢǧ򴽣һԲѪ飬ⱻһ£һʵʲôԢ𣿡
ī费еÿҪ
ǧͷƤ飬ֻȫ¶ˡ
ʱīǿ˿ڣģʵҲûʲôرԢ⣬öĸҵģ˵δġ
ǧһīͷϡ
ǿδϱĶûԢ⣬Ԣɴ˿岻뵱ͲӦּˡ
ҪĶʲôǧһڳһӡ
īŴֻ꣬㣬Ϊ
δ˵꣬ͱǧˣȱ˵ҾⶫоɽһҪһɡ
ûī˵ǧͽȡݻصĶ㻹ԼŰɣҿǲˣ
īе壬Ȼ潫廹ˣԥûС
Ҳ˵Լûκ˼еҲֻ֮ī费ëһһģ˲֪˿Щʲô
ǣĺò̱ʱʹѹˣǧšüһɫǲ̫ˣ
˵κ翵Ļѡ
˵Ҳˣֻܿīܲ߳ˣ߳ã߲ǧҲֻ˵һǸ
Щܱȵ˼ǿɣ
֮ī軺е壬̧Ѿ֪˼ղ˵Ƿ˰ɡ
ǧգգ۾˵
īһ֮ںֳһĨЦ̣ģůģЦصȻǿֻѡǧԺֻīѣԶǡ
ǧ򴽣
īЦòãֵǷζ㲻ˣ㻹ǿҵġ
룬ǧֵڴǣǲġ
īЦһȴһĨ̵꣬
л佱ǧëһɤģɷǺ
īڰ֣Цת뿪뵽ЩҪ뿪ˡ
ǧӦһ
ɵīת뿪ʱڵЦݺȥɫһ䣬һĨʹӿ˳ŨͷЩ
ǧ֪ЩʲôתʱҲķȥ
ʱ־ѾĻصʱΧѾһƬǧѩĭҲȥˡ
ǧÿ˽ȥ
һȥͿϲڷϣСһһεģС
ףϲ̧ǧˣ̹õЦݡ
νͷ£˫Ҳޱȡ
ദ죬ǧĴҲǹҲڵʱʲôϷأ
ϲҰ죬ЦҲûʲôǲŵ˵˼С¶ѡ
ԣǧЩȵգգ۾
ҷξȻὲ£
㽲Щʲô°ǧЦһ䣬ֽĿͶϣڳ˵٩֮⡣
ϲԼָ⣬Цŵҽ˺öö£Щӣֻǵõúóˣ
˵ţͰڳһԵܵӣرֿɰ
ǧǰϲֵͷЦ󣬾Ȼֻϲһݶǲסˣˣǻޡ


890 өĿ

ϲգŴ۾ŤͷŷΣӣ𣿡
鶼ûбһ£ᡱ
ϲЦøӲˣ䲻ţš
ǧˣ΢ЩԴˣСӾȻôϲôоЩλ
Ǹܵνϲַ£վԴʾҪ˼롣
ǧüʧЦһ˱㲻˵Ҫ𣿡
ϲ۾ףõ𣿡
õˡǧﴽЦǷ˵ˣ̱һŮˣѵû³ģ
ϲ˫˼֣֪ǳ
ҲĿͶȥû뵽˵Ůӵ
ǧһЦ㽫ռеı컢ȡССģ˿ռëѾ˲٣۾ʪҸСܣ˼ȻϣţԲСƤҲ¶˳
ζǰĻϸϸţüͷ΢˼֡
ϲ־ϲеֻۣӺÿɰϲ
ǧӻӵĶӣٴһϲ͸ϽԼ˰ɡ
ϲִƣЩԾԾԡ
ⲻǰ׻̡վһ࣬ǿ˿ڣֻһͷ컢̡
ǧһĴָʦۣȷһֻ컢̣ʥɽ֮Ҳûʲô׻еֻһͷ컢
󣬲˵ͷԭˣֲĲǿҡ
Ǳ컢Ҳһֻ۷ı컢ǧ̵СƤ۷ħ޲СǴѪͳģ䲻׻ҲԵħࡣ
Цòȴͬ˵Ļ
ǧתͷϲ֣Ǳ컢̣Ҫ𣿡
±ءСģЩţĶˡ
ϲּˣĶˣףֻ̺ÿɰҪ
ҪһֻħˣȻʲô׻ɣֻҪú϶ǳţƵģ׶˵Ѫͳǲġ
ǧƿǣãھҧָѪ̵ԴϣԼˡ
ϲֿٽָҪƣɲǣһѪҺͷ
ৡһⲼ񣬴ɢȥʱѪˣϲ뻢֮Ҳϵ
ϲ˫ϲڻУףڱоܸӦ̵һˡ
ǧҲǹ˹ǣ˫ӣѪ֮뻢ϵʱͻ˵ˡ
ϲֵ˫þˡ
ͻ˵˵
Ǹã
ϲͷһϲ㱧Żŵطȥˡ
ǧС壬ͷһӿŤͷΣʵѾȡߣҪ½Щӣֱӻȸ½ȥ
ƴչҪЩӵġ
ǧÿۣһԵϣΣǰȥѧԺ֮󵽵׷ʲôΪΣţ
վ飬ӦǰѾλˣôұղ˵Ūһʲôʥá
뵽ǰͻȻԱ˫һһɫ˽һʱҸӦɢ֪ɵ£ҼŸϻͰѷԺ󡣡
Ҳŷұհɡǧͷһůȴ̲סһ¡
ζڴű飬ҪģֻúõģҪζ޹ء
ǧŴֻ꣬ů˼֣򶨣ɴĻȴʾĺ顣
ԭʦʶ½ǣЦݸˣôƼ˭ߵҩ𣿡
ˣǼҹӵģټƼҼͻȻˣܾøΪˡ
ģө񡣡ۣȴǵĮˮ
ө񣿡ǧ֣֮иΪһЩ˵ˣ̵ʱλөϣĿȴ̣ʦǲ²Ŀʲô
˵ͷ컢
ǧָ⣬Ц׼ȷ˵ӦǱ컢Ļǡ
ǣۡ
ǰǡǧͬ۾ΣúڰĻ᳤ûأ
֪ЩʲôεɫҲԱһЩЩƽ˾ûκκڰҵϢɢһϸһ飬ڰټмѭģԣ᳤ܻûǵĹǡ


891 ȥ

ǧŴڰСǿ
ҪײҪһ˲źãǰǵĻ᳤ˣȻѰƾҵֱڰ᳤Ӧûǧ룬˵ԼĿˣө񲻿ܻỢǣỢǶȻǻ᳤ġ
󣬵ЩͬĿ
ûԣǧ˵۷ħ޵ĻǶȻ̲өΪʲôҪأĪǡ
Ժһͷһǧۣȴûڵһʱ佫˵ڡ
Ϊʲô˵ˣǳš
ǧЦЦٴ˵һɣڰ᳤ˣϾʱԱǿȫ˵ġ
üһʾ˵ȥ
ǧĿ⣬˲˲٣㲻ҲܺصˣҵʱָܻΪϴ赤ҩǿʧѾõĵҩǺڰҲУǵĻ᳤ҪˣȻҪĶ
Խ˵ǧԽ뷨пܵġ
۷廢е޴󣬶ƲƣЩ͸϶ө׾͵ֵġ
Ҫըµˣ۷廢ǻԶԶġ֪Щʲô˵
ǧëһͷɺ࣬ǻҪʲô
εҪһЩĶɾʲôͲö֪ˡ
ǧһΣˣǲǿ֮ǰҵЩĶǵóѣ
뷨ǺõġδһϵĶ̫࣬ڰ᳤˼ֱȽѲ¡
ǧüͷһ壬Ҳ˵ǰͷˣ
ԺúһӦҳЩġνָϣš
ǧ룬ʵʱƼҼˣǻ˵ճŮҲͰˣƫƫӣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҡͷ˵Ҳ̫ȷʵһЩ
ǰʵͷǧ°ܾͣ뿪꣬Щˡ
Դ̫ࡣ
ǧӦһܿſϣϢ
ζüۣһֹģ
ǧ۾һգһգģë˳ľٶţƯһֹӣ˵ʲô˵
ѵüӣǧܺ˵ʲô
βڿеָһǿʵī赥ȥ˵Щʲô

ǧЩ棬ô֪ī赥ȥˣ
϶ʲô֮Ǹʲôǧһ̧ͷʱЦЩʦΪλ֪ī赥ȥˣѵǴ˵еĸ٣
һ㶣һĨۺ졣
ǧĶ⣬Цø޿֡
忡ĿȾһŻ𣬿ɹƵϲڳûн˵ҹȥƵģȡ
ǸٰʱȻûоҹǧתתеĴȴǲɢȥǼҴʦ˰Ȼٶѧˣ˵˵˵Щʲôأ
΢΢šüȥʲô
ǧֵڴ䣬°~
ۣ֡ɤͳ
ǧã治ˣЦŵʵҲûʲô˼ҪһҼԼҲòϣͻˡ
ûϵβѯʣҪʲô
ö尡ǧ̯֣˵һ䣬ī˵öʲôԢ⣬ͽˣҲ֪ʲôԢء
ǧ룬ǲīϵ̯ˣϾֶûʲô˵ġ
ǳīȷһö壬öȷԢǷﰡʱ棬û뵽ǱҵԭͷҲ˲١
廹˾ͻ˰ɡṴϲҲһö壬ɺã
ǧЦЦðҪһԲģˮͷõġ
εҪʲôģ㡣
ϲֱվһ࣬׺͵̸ɹ𴽽ǼЦСף㿴ҵ׶Ҫð
С׾ͷ̣һڸʲô
СףҲôã԰ɣϲЦø
Св˲䣬ɿɰϲ
ǧͷ˵һҲСǧȹվȻŵͷһζ
ζѲڿ⣿ǧһ̣˸žӨɫ
ǡ˵ҪҪȥ
׳ȥƣǧһ


892 һÿ

ϲֱСףƨƨ˹
ǧǣֵ֣Σ㲻ȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷȳȥɣһ͹
ǧһǣŷϲתͷ˳ȥ
ͷɴɴǵȷڿ⣬Ƿ黹ڲϷ˿ˮҪˡ
ף÷⣡ϲ飬ֱӡ
ǧԴҪȥԳԿ𣿡
ϲæͷǳ롣
ǹȥǧ΢٣ֵЩ׵ѡ
ϲɴɴǿȥЩҲʱһƵģҪǧѩ̫࣬˵ѣСϵЦҲ˼֡
ףõģ۸ʱҲϲ̫˷ˣֱ˵©졣
ǧ˫۸
ϲ־һʶԼ˵©ˣæ°ŤŤ󣬵˵ʵڶˣģǴʩչϵħҪŪңڵʱ֣
ǧͷһЩ֪ȻŪӾԲ̣
շϲֵ˵λӦþڷζС
ϵħǧѩ
ǧҧס˫ûǧѩΣŮ˾ֶԸˣʵڶ
üеɫÿҪ
ϲִС첲ˣÿ·ϲָϽսƨƨ߳ɴɴǵķȥ
ɴɴڿ⣬ϲ˹䴽Цøơ
ǴʦĶӰÿƯɰ˫۾Ⱦǳ󺣣ƯĲ˼顣
ʦֱһģ̳ģ̫ɰˣ
ɴɴ˼ۣоĶҪˣСԿģ
ϲֻϲλģ䴽ЦǳҪãǰζ㣬ĶӺö
ɴɴõĿݸС԰ɡ
лл㣡ϲƴСġ
ɴɴٴλ̲סС
īڵƻ𰵵ŷϲ˵ĸоУⲻϲСǷεĶӣӦҲϲŶԡ
ɿСӵȻôҲ᲻ϲǧԲŻᰮݼڰһģ
ǧ֪Щʲôÿ£ɴɴһúԼ԰ɣСһղгЩ㣬Ҳȥ
ɴɴ룬ȴֵָɣСڳ壬ܶˡ
ҿ񿴵ʦһã͹ӣٽʦ밡ô治
ȴָ˷ô£
ɴɴ̲סڷϲһѣͺʦһ
ɵĴʦٱָоҪ̫ˬ
ƮƮȻӣǧȴ֪ʲôƲʲô飬߳ԣ׸鿾ȥ
ɴɴǣԲµġ
ϲĴذڰ֣ȥȥɣԱٻȥ
ǧЦЦһ̿⳯ȥ
һÿӣͿǰ飬ȫûһҪȥ˼ƻ£ſ𣬻żֵĮͽÿҲ͡
ǧһʱ˫
˵һͳҲƭƭǵģҷξǸֵ
ڿءǧü̲ס˵˾˵Ļһÿ
ν鱾£˫ȡ
ǧĵ׷ţȴֲʾֱӵ˹ȥ
ỽЩɳơ
ǧȹڣЦ˹ȥô֪ұȽϺÿ뿴ˣ
Ȼ֮ĿհڣԷȫûκεĵط
Ҳˣ֣ͻȻһǧЩ£Ӧʱ˶˷εĴϣϵȶȸٶӿȻȫ
ǧһʶ˶ȴһѰסԣ𶯡
ƣ³ϢȣʪϢߣһ˲֮ӣǧһʱŵòҶˡ
ζʱ⣬һ˫ȴû
ĴͬһӣǿȴȷǳǧһܾڵЩԾ
ȣ˺ѡΣʲôأǧһʣȻڳһģ
κϣ꣬Һ㡣
ҲǡǧָһָŪ˸ͷɫķ˿Ⱦһŵζ


893 

㡣̧ߵ
ͬϪˮһǧʣƵģģż繣ǧգգ۾˲
겻θǧ·ܵƻһʶͷá
οһסĴꡣ
ǵò룬ֻһ֣ټϷϲһֱûκλ֣ϲԿ⣬оʣˣٲջᣬǾɵˡ
ķζЩ鲢ģԺЩҲá
ǶҩһϾԽ룬֮԰ΣУ֮£ϲĸоֻΪ
ǵú
Ҳ֪˶ãβĹ
ǧǵκģЩŷкһĨˮ٣겻ͻȻ±
ߣ̻ܽСӣ
ιЦЦʺǳͷԿ⣬һʱǲġ
ǧ򴽣һʱ侹֪˵Щʲô
ζǰ״ĵ˫ºÿ
ǧ˼ֻۣˣ˻ԴһŵΣмҪ˵
˵ģǿռ飬ȻѾȷǿһӵˣûҪˡ
ʲô£μ࣬Ҳ˼֡
ǧһһһ˵ΣʵҴŶĲǿռָһȽָռõĴпռ䣬Ǹռʮ㣬ܴҲܷѵҲܽ뵽С
ţ΢㶣ȻЩûӦ
ܷĴпռ䣿
ûһռ䣿º棬ĺڵ˫գգһ˲ȻȾ˼ִȺͿɰ
ǧ˲ˣһһʱҲ˵Ը⣬ҴҵĴпռ俴ɡ
û˿ԥԸ⡣
ǧһЦסε󣬵ãȱ۾֮һ۾ġ
Խ۾ϣһȫǧı֣ͷ˼֡
ܿ죬ǧӿռ䣬һӾͽ뵽ռͷˡ
ģ̌ŷ˳Ľëˣڿ۾ˡ
һ䣬Ž۾۵˲䣬ͱǰסˡ
Ǵпռ䣿
һԴкأ͵ҩҡͷԣĵطһͨıֽһɫޣ
һȻеһŨܡ
ȻһʺĵطʲôطĶ㣬һ죬ֵܵ˺ü£
ֲٶ˿죬ԭ˴пռĹͣⶫҲǸ츳Ҳӿٶȡ
һõطδֽĿͶǧϣһռǱ˷֣ģϾŴпռ˶õʥأպвٽطǰ֪𣿡
֪ˡǧЦ𣬡طֻзϲֺ֪㣬϶Ὣⶫ߸˵İɣ
ε˫纣ȴǼᶨ쳣ᡣ
ǧЦǰ˴֪㲻ᣬԲŸİΣ㣬ǲǸøһЩأ
Ҫνëһʱ˼֡
ǧ˿ûвǰȻǸǹĺӣҪҪ𣿡
γɤƺֵ֮С
δǧӦ͸оһӰ£˫ֱסˡ
ǧӵɴ
ǽ
޳ܰ
Ħ˺Ϣϲһ𣬽
ǧüֻۣü续һĨƻ˵ϢȫˣҲ֪˶ãβŽɿ
ЩֻڷλУ֫Ϣϡ
ɶ񣬺룬ϧûϲ𣬡δĺڵ˫ס
ǧĵ׷˫պֺ죬ܾҪðˡ
÷棡
ķʵ̫ǿ󣡣
ǺǣɰɡǧܾԼĶֻ֣ΣҴȥǸɣͷΪ㣬Һͱͦϲġ
εͷɿ䣬ûһҪɿ˼
ǧҧҧŬе컸ȴ


894 ʮ¥ķ

ʱһֱǿúצӣ̾һС㿴ǾȻڿռʵ̫۾ˣ
ֱӲ
߶߶·нˣպ۵ĿռҲԽԽְɡ
ߣһûᡣ
뵽ռԺ󣬷βһɸΪŨ
ǧЦʣôǲǸоŨˣ
εЩ˼顣
Ĵпռ䣬½Ҳֻһ
㵭ӵҲ𾪣˿϶Ϊȣһۺ죬ʱһֹˡ
ǸˣδռǰҲͱһѪȷ磬ⶫɱ翵ѪѪʵڶˡ
һʮ㣬ԽԽŨʵȥ߲¥벻ʵ󣬿ܻᱬǧ˵ţȥЩˡ
ܽڼ¥ˣδʡ
ǧüھŲ㡣
ιŶͦģ
أʣܵڼ㣿
ԭֻһǻɵҵõһ֮ͬһ¥ˡǧüԺۼұǸĺӣ϶Ƕ
ǳǰ
ʲôﶼУǸϴ赤ҩ䷽ڱҵġģ̌˫ǳѷñһ
ζ۾еЦҲһЩ
ϲ۾ãһС
鲻Խһǡ
ܵȸУǧͷһ˫ٴκ˼֡
һԲϾ͸͵Ϯ棡
ȿȡǧĿͶ𴦣ִٵΰ˵ִܵﱦڼأ
ڻεʵܾЩƽ
֪뷨һ࣬ܣصʮɡ
ǧȵգգ۾һﻹͦţ
η䣬ѩ׵½ڿлһȣЩ΢΢ͣȴɽϸѩྻ覣Ц㿴Űɡ
ǧû˵һתͷͼŲϱ̨ס
һ㣬㣬㣬Ĳ֣ɢɫǴޱȡ
ǧȹҲȥ
ߵھŲʱ򣬷ǸƵӣ˵ʮ¥ſڣǧͷ΢΢һɷȴüͷûһ¡
Ȼ󣬾ͼνǧȻɴ۾Ҳ˽ȥҽȥֻſڹţʵ̫ˣǽȥҲס
Ͼǵʮ㣬尡
Σû°ɣǧһ䣬Σʵڱ̬ɲñʧȥס
޷ʮ¥˵áվʮ¥룬ǧǳǳЦš
ɫ䣬Ҳûκβʣǧ˿
ʮףֻܽ뵽ھŲ¥ǧһ쳣࣬ܽ뵽ʮ¥ȼʮϣԣʵʵΣ֪
סûţȴƿʼ޷ͻơ
Ȼǧ΢΢һֻҪͻżִܵ۷壬۷һˣǳ
½֮˺û˭ִܵ۷壬ǵִ׵ҲûУ֮˾ȻִܵףֲܳΪ˾ηĴʦҲûеġ
ǧһЦ˴Ĵָ
ҲԵġǳʲôȻһĨɫĶʱǿһվ۷壬µз羰
ǧȻɴ۾
վ۷壬羰
һõ⣬ϲðվ۷壬ȻԶһ𡣡ǧ˳ĻȥģǺ
ξĻԶһʲôģŵһ
߳¥㣬һѽǧӵ뻳УãԶһ
Ҫ̽鱨ãˣӲһ̰ڳһľı飬ˣҲľˡ
޴࣡
ǧ֪Щʲô̧ʱҲˣȳȥɣñҲǡ
áӦһ
˲ųռûãͼɴɴŻƿӣˣˡ
κǧֱӽסˡ
ǧȻüͷɴɴɴɴ˵һЩʲôбˣ
ɴɴ˿龭˵˳ڳԿʱͻȻޣұȥģȴЩ߲ȥҲžڸҲûʲô¶ɹСʱδҾȥ̽һ£ֱʧˣ


895 

ǧšüһ˲Ե޹ʲм϶⡣
ԲܸűͲᷢˡɴɴǸۿҲġ
²㡣ǧʹȫҲһðҵʧְҲ߿Ҳᶪ
䣬ƣܡ
ô̫ˣ˿ӡҪҵ򶨡
ģ̌ۿЩģżˡ
߳ȥʱ򣬷īҲѰҷϲֵ䡣
ôǧקī䣬żѯʣҵ𣿡
īҡͷڸҹˣûҵ
ĻͻȻһ١
ǧץסĶʵʲô
ī轫һر˺ѵȡڸĵط˺ӣӺͱʱ·һǱµġ
ǧùӿ˿ϤӣǷϲֵġ
ȷǱġǧ˫һϵĺۼ˺ʱµģ˵˹⽫°ߵģȴûκȻǳñ޵ʱ򳯱֣ûüӦͱסͣʱӱ˺ˡ
һǧ˫ԽԽ̶ͬеˮ
·˭ڻˡ
ܺķ˭أīšü
˭רŶһСأ
ʵֵĽǧһᣬ˭ҶҼұҶҪۣ
ֻҹȥ顣
ҹҲһǻŭ𣬾ȻӵĺӣҪˣ
Ҳȥҡǧ˵Ҳġ
Ҫתȥҵʱ򣬺ŲݴдϤϤʲô˹ˡʲôˣǧ½Ų˫̹ǡ
鲻ãײǹǺôĵӣǸ֣ܵˣ
ǧȡѪ﷨ȣҪݴдȥһϤǧܼ̫ˣ
£
ǧʶѪ﷨ŤͷʱͼоȻһӣǺӷ۵Ϊɰ
ǧǸӣ˫һ¡
ȻǷϲǱ´ˣ
԰
ǱģټϽŲæʲôں׷ǣѲɣڰܷоȳ˷ϲ֣ԣű׷ϵġ
ôˣǧ»ǳš
ϲ׵գգ۾С棬ףиµĴ׷ǣһʼǴ°ˣ弰ʱϵˣǴȴû˿ͷ׷ˡ
ôˣγ¹
īҲ߹
˵иˣ¾ȵġǧšü¹µ˫Ϊ庮Ҫʲô˲
ɱ㰡С֡
ŲݴϤϤһŮɫ
Ϥüͷ壬ɫҲüΪѿ
ĭģ
ĭƽ߹󲻷һֱڳһСɣ˭˽¾սթһСŹ
㣬뽫ϲϵһû˵ط͵͵ɱ
뵽˴ϵĺŨһֱΪǧѩǲϲϲֵǸû뵽ĭȻصøǾȻûв
ϤϤ
顱
ŲԶĭݴԣǰ
ǧǰĭɫӱ·Ҫǧˡ
ĭûеıһָ»еķϲ֣ЦС֣ҺҰҷҪɱɣʲôүĶȫţһСֶѣ
䣬ЩЦҲˣ;ѿ˶ϣЦЩɥЩʡ
ɱӴɱӴĭЦʣֵڴ䣬ɫ֮кһĨɺ측֣С֣ɣ
ĭץеĳֱֱϲִȥ
ǧ˫һֱӳŽеĳ߷ɡ
ˡһأĭҲߵķһֱ׹ڵء
˭ĵӣȻ˵ҼұСֵģǧһץĭͷĿǺݺݵģ˭ĵӣҼұֵģ
ĭֻúЩûñ³һѪ
͡ѪȾأĭûоۣٴδЦ
Ůķ˰ɣˡԴ첲˫ƼҵճŮǸӡ
ɴɴīҲһ˼顣
̫ɥ˰ɷνĿͶĭϣк֣Ԩ


896 ң

㻰أ˭ĵӣǧקһͷ֮ģĭЦ
ɥͷƤ顣
ǧ˵ЩʲôȴĭЩԾ
ЩѡĭЩԾǧ֡
ʱĭЦ߻߶ʲôС֡
ǧҲûǲʧǣǼ˦ϣ໰Ӧ죡
ûãĭŰСϾͳһӡθĿⴥǸӡȴʲôû˵
Ϊĭһܿ͵ó˽ۣҩˣԲŻ־״
ҩˣǧšüͷôö˶˻ᱻҩأǱҩΪĿۼұ
εҩ֮ˣ˵Щʲôɡ
ΣǽŪѣҩ֮˭ǧһĭϣĭһһιȥˡ
ǧһûҩҲǿϲֲˬġ
ĺ뽫ɱӴ
ǧ÷ĭϱȻţȴʼû֣Ҫľʳҩ֮˭
θĭιһƿⶾҩȥ֮ҩЧܿͷˡ
ֻĭһתѣգգ۾Χվ˺ö˲ⱻһΪζվôˣ
ĭһڣͷԼɳƵڸǻۣ񱻹һƿˮƵġ
⵽ô˰
ĭôˣǵ㣬㾿ΡǧЦһ˲һƺɫӳ¹ʱĵģҰ޵۾
ĭһʶҪߣʱȻ˺ԼͷƤ˲۵ѳݡ
ĭһŤͷԼͷȻǧקУɴɫˣڸʲôСͷҲקŵ𣿻Щ֣
ǧһĭ̷ɱĲҽһЦвڣʲôͻشʲôȻҰͷƤ
ĭŵɪɪ
ַǶڣǶţڷź⣬ȫȻûһҪֵ˼
⾿ô°
ΪʲôҪ׷ɱҼұǧš
ĭһ±ƣʲô
ʲô׷ɱұһֱ˯ȻôһͷֱΧˣųŮ˳ͷƤ裡
ǧۣȻû˸ղŷʱļ䡰ʲôΪʲôᱻԻҩˣǧʣһһ䶼˵ơ
ĭӣֱģһ治֪˵ʲôʲôɱұʲôҩˣǲʲô
ǧüɫȻ
ĭһ£оĿˣ·ԽԼˣĭſˮĿĿİҸղһֱ˯ʱͼΧңЩõ顱
ûɱѾ御ˡǧߣɱҼұ˭ĵӣ
ĭʶҡͷûа
ߣסеĳɱϲ˫ֲŭĭ
ĭ淢Լһ
죬ôһ
ĭŵýôܣҲģҡ
ǧһѳסĭ½Եǲûôй㣬ô˫۾Ƽ㷢˷裬㻹ɣ
ôᡱĭǲԸԼʵ
½ҵķ˿ڶҲ㻹Ǳˣʱҿնɱҳ־±ʱ㻹һֱ׷ǣ蹷һ
ϲּһ
ɴɴҲָָ
ĭԵڵأǱġ
ķˣСʡ
ǰǧһĨЦݣȴŤòӣʱ˵һ񷴷蹷
ĭŭȴֲҷұԻҩ
ǧ
Ϊʲôĭг˭µҩΪʲôҪңΪʲô
ǧĭӦΪʲôŶԣ㱻ҩˣѲɣ㻹ûԾ
ĭһ±ƣЩѵһûвԾ
ûõĶǧһܿɿ֡
ĭһõͷţ˶̫࣬⣬ЩɵؿǧûԾҺһˮ֮ȥ˯ˣ֮ʲôӡҲû˻᲻Щµҩ˶ӵģǼǴøҪɢעȻʵʩ٣
ǧЦ
ḻģмֵ


897 뿪ʥɽ

޹ģܱܲˣĭɥˡ
ǧû˵
һƽĭҲܺ߰ɣͲܽʲô
ĭޣŵø˵ˡ
ʱǧѩ߳һһէͻȻ𣬡ʲôΪʲôô˶Χ棿
˻һˢˢǧѩȥ
ǧѩô˫۾ЩˣӵҲ׳˼֡
ûʲôڽѵһĴѡǧ˵һ䣬˫ȴǧѩϡ
ղŶǧѩ˯ˣôȻڲų
ǧ´ۣڳӡ
ǧѩûеƵģգգ۾ЩɻĴô£
ǧüıǡôһرȻǧܾЩԾλĭС㣬ҩڷ衣
ĭԾɵڵûվǧĻһι
ǧѩһǾȣƴСôˣô£
ԻҩЩǧһ˵ĿȴǧѩҪ
ǧѩȻޱȣô֪ҩ˭𣿡
֪ڲ顣ǧüˡ
ǧѩëһҲ̫˰ɣ˶ӵģҪ˭ҩĿ϶ѣסһվͿЩ߰ɡ
ں£ĺһ仨
ǧüͷһšľֹȻ⣬Ȼȴֽ졣
Ҳǧѩ˼ۣȴʲôҲû˵
ƴСû°ɣվ𣿡ǧѩתͷĭ
ĭյشӵվ𣬡Ȼվ
䣬ػصУһ죬סˣ
ǧѩıӰҲһĨĹ⻮
ҹȥƴС㡣ǧѩͻȻȻ׷ĭȥˡ
ǧûע⵽ڵĹ⣬ֻǾıӰҲ֪Щʲô
ôˣδбϲּ֣ǧһصģɿʵ
ǧ˼΢΢һΣҲûʲôֻ룬˭µҩأĿģֻۼұ
ʹȴһ仰Ҳû˵
ӣ°ķԸһȦȴûҵκԻҩµĺۼȻѾɾˡҹǰͻȻ˵һ䡣
ȥԻҩԴͷȴҲۼ
ҩ֮˼ܣּΪϸġǧ°ͣɢ
ǰˡγһûʲô顣
ǸǸô죿ɴɴվһ࣬һ䡣
ǧ򴽣û˵
ƿ꣬ȻûǾȽҹȥɣɫͿЩȥЪϢɣոϽ뿪ط
ۼʦѾˣҲûоᣬֱӻصԼڵС
գ˳Թ緹ͺƺƵ뿪ʥɽ
ʥɽ֮оʹ˽мΨǧջḻõһͷȴǿֶ顣
߳ʥɽʱ򣬾Ȼͷˡ
ƻھ̵飬Ťɫ˭ˬֵµЩˣһûãŮ˶Ըˡ
ûõĶʲôãŭһͷʱ򣬾ʹεĮߡ
һ㶣ǰвһĻǰǻ̿ˮҲҴߺˡ
ջߣѩɫ°Ʈ衣
ŷΣһתǿ߻һŮӣһСк
Էλ˽⣬ûŮˣûʲôӣŮ˺ͺô£
Ѳɣʲô֮
¶ɻ´ǧͷϲּۡ
ǧɻЦһ˻ʱ̽䱸ŵģ·μʿ
º棬̲סѯʣ磬λĺܣ֪Ǻιϵ
ֻһۣʲôû˵
ƣɫЩţʲôʿɣ
գһӾѹֽˡ
ǧѩͻȻվЦ£㻹֪ɣŮӱǴʦǧǺӣҲǴʦģѾˡ
һ㵣ȻǷεӺͶӡ
˵Ѿһȸ½Ůӳˣȴû뵽ǾȻӶˣҲԡ
˵ǣεӾԱڰ᳤ͬھˣ·εӻվţɫҲǺȫȻûԱµĺ֢
ԣɣ
ǺһЦҲ֪˵ЩʲôٴδǧۣͻȻŮ˳û˫۾ܸоЩϤ
أ


898 ҪԵ㡭

ʾ֭ȴûκͷ
ǧѩ粻֪黢ĵҲͲ˵ˡ
ûʲôҪ˵ģǣǧתߡ
ıӰҧгݡ
һ죬ҪʬΣ
ʥɽǲûȥ½ʹǻʹϢıڡ
ôεĵطǧգգ۾ݾȻôεĵطֲҶ෽Ҳû
֪ΪԶ˴ɫᣬͷ
ݾºкЩӺԺӣסĺΪһ䡣
ԺӣԺǴľľԺӣÿͬɾ
ǧվԺУ̾һ䣬Ǵʦסĵط
Цû˵
ϲּԺƯƤһۺðףҪȥ˯Ĵ
䣬ͽǧק˷С
ӦǷεķ䣬ͷѬζĲøǼţϲЬӾ˴
ǧҴҴӣ˯Ժ󣬾ͳȥҷˡ
վһ滨¡
Ǵգ滨԰覡
滨ʱǳĵ÷ɣ⾳Ψ
ǧŲ£һʱ侹ǿˡ
΢̧˫Ṵ˯ˣ
ǰС˯ñȽϿ졣ǧЦЦߵθǰ
߽ʱβֽմȾͷ滨ȡ£һΣͻȻ˵ԺӵĺиȪ벻ȥһ£
Ȫǧգգ۾
εѽȪ
ǧһ黹࣬ȫЩɬУȪĻܻɬУͦõġ
ȥɡǧüֲһ䣬ȥ
ƴð
һ¶ȪȪͷһʯŵţǽʯŹرգͷҲҲͦȫٲ»ͻȻ룡
ȪлС֦ͷУԴƵġ
õطǧ̾һ䣬Ȼ˲ٽҰɡ
ǳҲɡ
ǧһЬཫ˫ŽȪУһɲǣȸŵģ۾
վĵؿ
Уȡ
ǧ˫ŲȪˮһɲǣȪˮɢ˲ͽʪЦţ뷲С顣
κһ˫ǰ˼֡
ǧµѵֻһɫ£һһԾȪУ̬Ķ
վڰûжĿȴˮ档
ãֻáһǧٴȪˮʱϵ½ϣĺȫ˳ϻŲپӨˮ飬չ¸Ө͸ɢһʥĹâ
Ө͸ͬһԲ˲ߢ
ζǰٴһ
ǧŤͷŻվǱߵķΣͷһЦΣôվڰϣݣ
£һԵ㣿ǧһ˵Ķš
˷龰ڷУһεջ˫һȪȥ
ǧȻδΣյĵ˦˦ϵˮӣһ¿Աߵʯϣ˫΢΢ģеĺܡ
Ȫ𣿡
һԴƵ
ǧһ㶣ͷʱͼβ֪ʱˮ˫ֻۣ˫ǰˣҲһĨڻʡ
˫һɫһʲôأΪң
ƴһһղ˵ˣҪԵңǣҪԵ㡱
ǧһΣЩȵ͡
˵ҪԵԼ
죬ѧˣôУ
ǧЦһһַסεļһһѣЦʣװķôأ
Ļ£ͲһӰ£ţ˫ͱסˡ
һǲͬǰЩӵᣬǷǳĿҰֱǧüͷһЩЩмܲס˫һֱ˷λС
οסϸȪˮС
ǵʱ򣬷εҲûҵ´ôһ漴𪷺ŷۺļ¶ڿУǵ÷ε˫˼֡
ǧЩκģӦʱԼ·Ȼˡ
һ㶣Ҳһ¡
죬ҷξȻҲǧ˫պ˺죬оȪˮҲ̵̹ģЩѹ֣ʱȫûֻɷΪΪ
Ŀ£һʱ侹ǧСϾȻһ˺ۣȻ˿ѾϣǺۼȴӳС


899 વ飿

һ£ҲЩӲ
ΪʲôСһ˺ۣ
ǵãǰûа˺ۣҲʱʶñԼлҪ࣬ȴûа취ȥֵɶ
ͣоٶǧЩȵգգ۾ѯʣΣôˣ
̧ʱ˫İһɲҿСϵ˺ô£
ǵ˺۱֣ǧ΢㶣ȴҲ㷢˰ǵʱ˺ۡ
ô᣿ૡ
ǧסεʱҲԱ𣬵ʱĲУǸطûлҲţ˳ֻúҽʿ
ʱжôʹ;
Ӳʿǵжʹν򴽰꣬˫ھһĨɺɫǧ䣬ƣԲ𣬵ʱûߣԲ
߰һĬĬĳЩ
Բ𡱷νëɤ֮ǶһĨʹ
ǧͻȻַκڷһһ˵Բʱ򣬶ҲܸܵζĹУôôһĶů
ûµġǧ֣ķεĺ󱳣һжȥˣѾûˡ
Σ㲻Ҫòãǧʱ϶ϲұǸط϶ҲҲһжȥˣҪǰҲһҪúõģ֪𣿡
㲻𣿡΢̧ĺڵںһš
ͬһˮſġ
ǧķ˿˵Ҳģڶ𣿲ķʽЩ԰ҪקҵװС
οһ䣬ֲϷΡ
νǾ䲻ԺڵŶʱ漴һâǲǳԺҲ뿪㣬ʲô飬ǶҪһԣɺã
ǧЦӦһð
δһ̣Цů
ľʱȪڵɢʣµĨᣬЩΨ
ǧûϣоղǷûСϵĺۼ׾ҪˣΪղŵʵ̫Ķ
μ·Ҳʲôû˵
С˺۵ʱûֳ嶯ˣʱ۵Ҫ޲˺۾ϣ
ʧ˹ؾصȪر𴿽ࡣ
ǧýĳˮΣĺ𣿡
ãÿ춼㡣βתʱһĨ˼֡
ǧеһ죬̫мܲסҲǧ˶ֵÿ춼㣡
һϲٴֽǧӵ뻳С
ĵȴֻΪһֵݺȪ˴ϸɾ·Ȫ˳ȥһȥͿϲԺתתȥҲ֪Щʲô
ڸʲôǧѯʡ
ϲ˫ɱģȥˣһûǡ
ǧƴҲûʲôȥȪ
໣ԭˣֲûҵǣٺ١ϲЦЩʱʱϻ˼Ȧ
ú˵׺͵һطԺ󣬾ͻવ飬ǸղȪ϶Ҳʲôવɡ
ǧĿЩ֣ȴûǷȥ롣
𣿡ǧЦʣȥԷ𣿡
ϲ˫ԳԳԣ
һεĵطһʯϣ˫գŷ
ûãһ˽ժ¶ӢԣȻǰЩӺǧֵө
УȻһðѪĻǡ᳤
ө񻺻ǰỽһ
ʱڴϵİ˾ৡһ˫˫ˮȴһ˿өöȡ𣿡
өͷǸڰǰ᳤뿴Ѿõˡ
˼ˣЦөúܺã˷жûʲô֮
֮
ө΢΢סҲЩ˸ͣ
ôˣ˵޷˼ɫԾüͷһ
өԥҪҪ˵˵˶ҲͲˣ᳤ỢǵʱһˣǸ˵ǧȻûұǰˣ
䣬ʵھȣԱΣգҲˣʵȻֱֵܴĺܡ


900 ҲҸ

˵ʲôûȻɴҲܵʲôƵġ
Ҳѹ֣ƴЩӿ˾ţ֮ŵɼˣ޷µߡ
һֱΪѾǧȻ˹ʵǰǿˣʱԱû˿Ӱ졣
ʲô
̬
᳤ôˣөЩš
˿컨壬ʵ˵ÿģǧûʵµ·У
өͷȫԱĺ֢ûһ
䣬өҲþޱȡ
˵ɫڣֱ˱ˡ
أ˼ȴܻˣ˺òãûбḧͷͻȻĶˡ
ȻѪѪͨ˾ǲͬһЩġ
ө̿ˮɿ˵᳤ҲͨˣȻܿģʱ½ǻ᳤ģʲôѪѪҲֻκλ᳤ǲ
ģǲЩĥ飬ҩɡ
өȥˣƳһ뻢ԺөŽ˵ǰ
ͷԺ󣬱ЩȺģƿǣֵөҪκҵˣҪһĶ
ʲôөʡ
ۣӦڣ׻½
өʾˡ
üٴοڵ½Ƽˣ˵ǻ˼ôÿ𣿡
ƼǸϺ꣬ЩԿƣλӣԸЩҲ׷ÿƵĺܡөЦ
˾ͺáҲЦЦԸȥƼλ׼һЩҩ͹Ǻڰкܶ˵ģҩԴɲܾôˡ
ө
Ը֮󣬰ʯϣ˫Щſգûú󣬾˯ˡ
ө˯ȥ
һȥһģӲʵվһ࣬Ǻڰ᳤ϣˮó
ө񣬻᳤ˣˮѯʡ
ЩˣһĶָܻˡөû
ˮšü˼֣өҸղ˵Ļˣ˺᳤Ů˾Ȼţһúúõģƾʲôǻ᳤ˣŮȴʵ
ǸŮˣǼһ᳤϶Ѿͳһ½ˡ
ǸŮˣ
ˮҧгݣеĺ⼫Ϊ̡
өͬҲǧȽǣһ仰Ҳδ˵
ˮһתһĨɫ˫өŮʵڿɺޣҪҪȥ¶ŪȽ˺ޣҲһв
өü΢䣬ˮ㲻Ҫж᳤ûǶŮ˳֣Ů˵ʵ־˲٣ǲһɱᱩ¶᳤ٵġ
ˮȴЦ޼ɵСңֻҪҳ֣ҵĶҩǲ»˵ģʹŮˣ
ˮ㡱
ө˵ʲôȴˮѾ˳ȥӰˡ
ˮ϶µģؼҲĴңһܶǸŮأǾһв᳤Ҳܰˡ
ѪѪΣ
ΪãǾֻܻ
ݡ
ǧ֪ڴ½ĳطȻıչš
ʱһڳ궫Ժ󣬾Ժп
ϲڷδϣСѾڲϻţСҲ˲õЦ⣬Ǹطʱ˵ӻΣܶ࣬ȴû뵽СӾ̹
ǺúӴ
˧ʵǿҲţƣ˵ļƷˣ
ϲС˲Ц˻
ЦʲôأǧŤͷѯʡ
ϲϵЦⲻ䣬ûЦʲôǾܺףһ𣬺Ҹ
ǧϲֵԴҲúҸڶա
ͻȻʥּЩʹȥͷһˡ
ǧȴкէֶͻȻȥʹڸʲô
ΪԻصȸ½ˣֽǴ˹Ҳ֪ͱʲô۶
ȥ֪ˡǳ
ģ̌Ҳǡ
ʰһԺ󣬱ȥ˻ʹ
ʹֺɣһְơ
ǧĿбӣǣŷϲֽڷ࣬ǵõһξʹʱֱӰһСˣˣת
ǿʵˡ
ǧͦأʹһϯذ۴Ҳϵ廪֮߹ޱȡ
һµǧѩ˵Ҳ޶ˣվǧߵ


901 ¶ҩˡ

ǧôǧѩȴ͸һС˺׾ͺԵˡ
ǧѩʶ˲࣬ҧгݡ
ǧû˵ƣ֮¶Ĳزסˡ
ǧѩգȴҲ޿κΡ
ǧȫǷΣȫûʶԼֱԹˡ
յķѵô˼ɫۣü֮ȫǰķɣеЩҲѲˡ
£绪˫
ǧһʱЩᳶε°ڣЦô˰
ÿѵü
ǧü˫ģÿÿˡ
ιòƺܺá
ܿһϯ˾ͽ뵽УһЩ󳼣ߴߴҲ֡
ǧѰľλӣŷ¡
ϲֻδμӹᣬӹµµתţȫǺ֮ɫףǴ˵е𣬺ֵӣ
ϲ𣿡ǧЦѯʡ
ϲü䣬Ȼϲˣ
ʹڵĶζóͶһЩǧ˵һ䡣
ϲЦӦ󽫿ִͶһӼȴѲˣ
ڶǧѩϲֳ³ЦһǷĺӣȻģʦдʦİţ
ֱǰϹࡣ
ףǴΪʲôҪűϲָܵǧѩעӣһ䡣
ǧǧѩĿ⣬ЦЩ䣬ûʲôǼÿɰԲŶ࿴۵İɡ
𣿡ϲºɣɻɻģʲôŶ
ǧӦһܰɡ
ͬʱһӰϢʹ֮С
Ṧ˵ãֶϢûоʹеκΰһ㣬ᳵ·ػ˻ʹŷС
ŽҪٰᣬŷͣ׼ʳһʱζܲɢ
ǵӰδ۲ǵһһ
Щ඼ǳձȽϺõͨ˶ѣټǵСӰȫûŪκǸͷֲˡ
ǵСӰδȴʱܰҲ侲ڵȴϹˡ
ûãв롣
ִ̨ϵӣһȥ
ǵСӰʱ죬ǽһΣ˹·ȺС
лһ̣Ǹճ¯㣡
һȺܿǽϵĲȰڷǰ
ʱ빬еСӰͻȻһӣʲôĩУУҲƲˡ
СӰһЦȻؽǧǵǰ
ǧһΣĿͻȻŲСӰϡ
һ˫ֲܴڵĴ֣˵֣һֲͬ
ǧüͷһͻȻ˲Ծ̧ͷСӰȥֻһϯ·ͷúܵͣƲݣȴǱһ㹬߳࣬ҲЩ࣬ôŮӡ
ǧȴѾ˳ȥʼǧ
ǹⲻ˿ǧòԾʱϵɢһĨζţ¶ˣ
ףôζֵֹģϲüȫꡣ
ǧ˵ΪѾ˶ҩ
ҩ
ϲʶͷֲζô֣ԭǱȾˡϧӻɣܳԡϲЩźգգ۾
ǧɫ鵽䴦ܳĻͳЩģɺã
ϲæͷðð
ѾͷˣǧϵЦݺܿҵʱ;ЩΣôڳҲ˵Щʲô˵ǲǷŵģ
пܡ񣬡ǰҹԹԾͷ
ǧɫ˷һֵۣңⳡΣҾ÷϶ڼɵǰ飬ôõĻǰܷⶾµģ֪ҲѸˡ
ۣ˫Ϊİ䡣
ʱͻȻеĶЩأǷܹӵеġ
ⶾҡѹ⣬ϸûУ˵ǻʵۣĶҩȴûеġ
ţǧһ㶣ʲô˼
ⲻǴ½ϵĶҩǳǾ˾Ķҩδصĺܡ
ǧʶΣǰ״Ө⣬Ư쳣ܾضҩĵطֻ뵽һ


902 Զ

ڰᡣѹͬʱ˵ġ
䣬һЦе˼ᣬޱȡ
ϲֲֹ֪˵Щʲôͷϵʳ
ǧḧԵٴѹǺڰᣬ˵ĿĺԾ붾ǣ׼ȷ˵붾ҡ
иղ칬붾˾
Ϊ϶ʡ
ǧָ⣬˵ģǰԱ϶Ǽһ᳤Ȼǲͣô֪꣬ҰȻʵ˲٣϶ˣ򲻹ңֻ¶ˣС
üĿ˫ĺ䣬£ҲԸġ
ǧЦü°һҲ¡
ǧǧԴͻȻ˹
ԴǵֱߣǧŤͷʱ򣬾Ϳӡ
ôˣǧһ
Դͣǧǲǲϲ㣬Ǿ͸ҳ԰ɡ
ǧϵͱɾֻһǼӡ
ԵɾèɾǧջĿ⣬һĪϲģöȻҪԣԴͱˣ
ϲ̧һ𡱵ı鿴Դ
ԴԴȫǵֻ֪ԼܾˣӣȥбĶˡ
ԴĿջأϲֲѹףɵо綾ǲ
ǧķЦֻ̫̰ˣһʱû֡
ϲֱ죬
ǧЦ
ŸոտʼڹǵĴӵ橶
ǧڷζϸǻʵۣɺô󣬾Ȼǵôá
˵ʱڷζϡ
ȵģ·һĹƻϢ˲÷Գ쵽£ԸԳС֡
ģмã
ǧ΢㶣ЩŵؿŷΡ
ȴɫ糣·Ǹ͵͵ڲֵˣһ
ǧЩκģܸо˷Ϊ͵ƵĶ©һġ
ζС˼֡
εķƳ˷Ǳߵͼѹ֪˵Щʲô϶ģɢһڵ֮
Ϣӵǧ󹬵ķҲЩζ
һȥǡ
ḧŪϵľƱɫȴЩѿ̵黹ڻΪ̾ģȴ룬·ɱŮˡ
ѾһʱԸȥճţκ˳ȥʿڳµŮˣһͬľ͵ץĿ
Ͳˣܲ͸ĳǳأŮӻ˲ɡ
ʱһץסĽ
Ҳ֪ôˣһԵǧ˴Լĸ첲䣬ʲôƵġ
βѯʣôˣ
ûʲôǾΧĿһЩǧ۾һ˵
СסҪϵȶȫݸ
ǧһͷڻ˿
еһ룬һ׵Ĵǰ棬Щż
ôˣЩϲеúúõģôͲ۾
ܿ˼ۣΧôˣƺЩɵ
ھ˵ĥĥġ֮ҲһĨӿ֮ɫ
̿ˮǱסˣһͿ˿ڣ£·Χ˴ĺۼŷĸһϮεڵصĹ𡣡
һ˲˳Ĭ
򴽲Ҳѿ
ĴɫǱòͣûãһһէ
찡ʹɭϣΪλͻȻ˴룿
һѾˣ˵˺ͽˣŵûеһʱ䷢֣֪ε
ȵȣղ˵ŷѲɣǰЩȱҩ˲ɣ
һ䣬ѸٿźҪҪµĶȫ³
һرɫ˼֣һΣ黹ûȷǾţҲ̫û˰ɣ
һ㶣ŵö˵ˣëëģú°
ȡԶ̫ܹ˵һ䣬תͷȥǸεĹ
Զ
ǧüͷ
˵ܺ߰ɣֻǵĲ̱˶Ҳ̫עĿˣʱ򲻹˵ע⣬ô붼Щ鷳


903 ҹͷ

Ͳ鷳ˡ
εͻȻ
ǧŤͷ˹ȥͼλӶŹ䣬һ룬е֭Ϣػ뵽˵Ĳ֮С
Դڼ䣬ûһ
ǧȻɴ۾ȫǳݣҲ̫˰ɣȻ֪״̬¶ֽţһж˶ҺǾͲһˡ
ЦĴָ
ﴽƻЦǳǳģȴȾǻԺÿ쳣
ʱ̫ܹһ
ȸԶûбɺɫ˿
Ҳ˿鲻һЩٸԶ
ǲǲӦҲжɼһţǧ𴽽ǣЦЩӡ
ûж̫ܹܸһһԶͻȻ붥ѾˣڸԶʱÿһжŶҺͷƤ顣
Щ󳼼ж󣬲¶ҡ
ô죬ر𰮳㣬Ѿˣڻ᲻
ֻһСڰû°
찡Ҫˡ
˳࣬˻ϲ
Ҳϲ㣬һҲûûжҲ
Ҳûԣûá
һʱ䣬ʱֻţߴߴ˵ͣЩŵõز˵
ˣҰȫˣһ᲻ԴŻˣæȡһƿⶾҩȥɾ¼ˡ
ǲ̫ˣǧЩ޹գգ۾
лҪҰ
֣νëһǳ֣кڰͻȻ룬˷ǸһѣҲ÷˳ǲ¶֮˭
Ǵ˵еģԴ
Ĳ֪оȻˡ
ǧգգ۾ͻȻȻЦƣ
á
ǸεĹأôûѾסˣƤӵ¶ǱסˣҪʬΡ
ãͽεĹ˽Ѿˣ˿̣պյعڴ룬к£ҲãȻ
֮ͱô°
Ĺ𣿡
ܵ͸ĵ֮𶶵øˣ˺ðβһԼǣū澡
һ֮иΪղţоȻ˾綾Щνͣ
Ӷø
綾
оȻо綾
⵽ô£
ҧ˫һʱ侹Լܳˣؽл˼ȴһֶǺµ˼¡
ȴЩͷʹһɫһƽڵϣŭ㻰أΪβ˵Ѳɣ綾µģ
ŵ˫ͨ죬ūµģū澡
޿䣬ȴûһ˿ϾֻһѣЩǿп޵ģһǵȻġ
߳ŷʱū澾ͱ˴ӺϮȻū澾εˣѹ֮ͱ˴˴˴۾˵ö϶ġ
šüȴˣп˳ʲôģ
룬ȴãȻҡҡͷūʲô֪ʲôûƼ£Ĺū澰ɣū޹ġ
һֵȥѺΣһǴӷأ
һŵιȥ£ū澰ɣū޹ġ
˳ȥһܿɢˡ
̫ѨɫøΪѿ˼֣͵վһ˦ȥŷ޶Ҫץ¶ˣ
ǧͷζһۣϣȥˡ
õãǲ鲻ҲûϵǲʲôЩѰܹģ¼ζǻƽ
ȥˣɴеĿֻŲûˣ̫Ѩ̷ԸĭǰѰ
ĭڵĵλֻ̫ͣշεķԸһһ
ڰĹУĭüͷ壬оżֲ˼顣
ڵ쳣ɫŵɪɪеĶ޽İɣ
ʵ̫ˡˣæǿѯʡ
ĭ˸Щ˼£˵մȾ˾綾ϲûκжĺۼӦްġ
棿ʡ
ĭ䶯ŴǣֵȻģΪȷһŮٿûжĺۼûˡ


904 

˿ĿֻŻûм١
һԾ綾أ
̫ˡĭǷַЩⶾҩǰġǳͷֻۣܳ²ʾ
ĭԥⶾҩɷַĻǿˣ
һ㲻⣿
ĭңæҡҡͷǣŮ˼ˣŮֻصĽⶾҩѡ
䣬ĭͽⶾҩȡÿƿӷַ˳ȥ
õҩԺ󣬴ǵɫźࡣ
ĭȴǿɥһЩġ
£һĶǵ¶¼ĻˣɲŻȥĽᣬ֣ģҲںš
ۣͻȻڰ֣ʹ˽ȻȥɣҲЩˡ
ǳһ߳˴ʹʵ̫ˣЩҪ¶
ȫ߹⣬ǧͷҲվ
ףҪȥˣϲ֣Ҳվ
ǧͷǰô飬ҹҲûμʲôˡ
ϲƶǶصͷ
ǧЦͷ߳ԺǧЦʱЩ˿ֻŵģ˼Ҿţǿ϶Ҫƿҩȹҹˡ
θ֣һ֮ˡ
ǧһΣÿ쳣Σڰиóҩĳϣǲǽˮ
εǽˮ
ǧüëһ»µ˫Щ΢㶣Ǹ¶֮ˣ᲻ˮأ
λĺڵӿӨ֮⣬пܣˮ¶ַڲ֪оͰѶˣһ
ܽ׼ȷǵʳУһʱ仹޷ȷˮõַ
ǧ˫һΣܽˮץסһڰǲǾһˣ
ǡӦһ
ǧһתͻȻ뷨ˮûҪץסƺЩѶȣˮ¶ûгɹӦòʹ˷İɣ
ҪҪһͣ
Լˮκܿ³뷨
ǧһ˸޾Ĺʣǰ취𣿡
һԡŵɫ´ֻҪڣ㲻Σա
ǧ΢㶣ֻٴȿȣȻȥƶ¼ƻ
á˵ٴδϡ
ǧֻû顣
ϲֿֿǸֻ֪ҪƶһϷȥͦҹ
Ƽҡ
ө뵽ڵʱкȲ裬һ˴룬̴ʧɫ
Ǻˣֻʳ
өϵȡ£ЦƼ
Ϥֿʱֻȫ¶͸һС
ө񣬺ڰĳ򴽽ǣΪҪЩӲټ뾹Ȼô죬ƣװ򶨵ө˴ʲôһ»δء
өĦеߣͷҪƼ׼һЩҩҩҪոһЩ֪𣿡
ҩ
ЩҩĻ֪ٽң
Ҫ˸ϳȥܣǺڰĶ֣㴫źڰ᳤ѾˣǲΡ
ڰǹ˲½ǸǶŸɣ֮λֻˣǺڰһ԰ģ֮λҲǶ᲻ġ
ǵİģǲλȣڰ˼Ϊ̵
Ѿֻ̤ԨˣҪͷѾˡɣͷԸȥ׼ҩ̾˿Э
өļû˿飬ֻҪúøɣǺڰǾģ֪𣿡
ͷΪɵ֪
өصͷպȡҩ
ҪѪʱҲ̫˰ɡ
⣿өšü
ˣæҡҡͷûУպһǽҩƺˡ
өЦЦ뿪
뿪Ժһƣ̱ϡ
Ƽ˵ƵҩģҲסڰҪҩǲڰϢҪʱͻ˺Ķˡ
װ׸ڰ͵ҩʵЩģ
˭뵽δʱƼҾѾڰˡ
ƼҲڰҲ׹Ԩ
ɺޣʵڿɺվҹ˺üԺȻһС


905 ̫ˡ

İƮɢһŨѪζ
ûŵȳζһÿһΧһ𣬴ȫԺһӰǰͣ¡
Ǹ˱ľϣڣѪˮһʱ侹ҲһõƤ⣬۾һǰľϡ
ѵѵ
ľӷ죬ľϵҲתѡ
ƿƤӣһˣͱüΪӣ㲻ú
䣬˻һѪˮԪϡ
ϵѪˮü֮Ҳ͸һĨͷˣıƢûκ𣿡
ûľϵ˾Ȼϼĵ
˶Ѿϼ֮λģڴ֮ϼʧҲҲˣ֪ϼʧ٣Ǳ
һӲдš
˶ΪϼѾʧ١Цﴽ֮͸һĨ̬˷ܸУ˭֪ϼûʧ٣Ǳһ
ϼɰס̣Ѳ

ͷһЦɣһǼǽ
ϼ˫࣬ʹιȥϧƤģŪѡ
㹴ڰǲк³ġϼٴŭ
ۣеŭ𱻹һѶסϼ°ͣҹڰ᣿˭ȹĺڰỹ˵𣿡
ϼ
ƿ꣬һһ˵ǳҲڰ˵̸ȴĵҪɱӣҲѪĶӣΪҪ˺ģ
ӣ֪ƼҵһУϼ䡣
ɿֻɫûа飬ԣΪ˱ֻܵõȨȨ֮λ֪Ϊʲôȡ֮λ𣿡
ϼ򴽲
Ǻڰ˰ҵġЦͿˣһֻϺ꣬ڰҲЩֻţԣǰ˱ȽϺƿصңôϲ𣿡
סڰջ󣬾ӦϽλϼס˸λô̼ǳȴûκκڡ
ʱǳսۣǵҪһˣûѡ
ϼǺЦЦЩҾ֪ڰԲʲô³ҵ³³ҵĵ
һñáƶ˵ֻҪҶϺڰһЩǶ벻ĺô㣬̫̰ˣ
档ϼЦ
ᣬϵıӾкϼϡ
žž
ĴƤ쳹
ϼҧԾвˣͻȥŪĭ
ĭĵճŮ츳ãλزأ
ԣֻʹ࣬Ӳдš
֮Žӷ£̸ϼιһŵҩ
ҩǣϼ״̬˲٣ɸղűӳƤʹȴɣ޲þʹȥ
ˮϴϵѪĵȰκͷˣ鲻ˣ͵ȥҰˣϸƤֵܵ˶ã
ϼٴ
Цţд˻˳ȥ
ÿΣڰŪķˣͻ뵽УҲֻøַŰϼܴҵУܽڰĸȴ
ҲֻһԼͺڰṴֻΪ˱ϼȶԲġ
Ϊ˱ֻܷԼֻ꣬׹Ԩ
ҳȥԺĭˡ
ʲôĭһû˺ɫӡ֮λӦģһӡ
Ҳ֪ʲô˵ֶΡ
ĿͶĭϣһЦõޱȣ㣬˰Ļʹ𣿡
ĭƳͷĿ䵭ò棬θɣûй˵ÿҾͶ㲻ˡ
ǺһЦÿˡ
ÿĭת뿪Ȼּÿ£Ƭط⵽Ϊʲôأ
Ѿ£ĭҪúõһ
ʧ٣ʼΪǲǸҹÿطıĺۼǧȴ˯üΪġ



906 ȥҲʵ

ǧ˯һƳͷͿ˯ԱߵķΡ
һ˯ģڷϲ˯˸ڵС
ϲֱһ˯ģɷһ䡰ӺҪһ˯ĻסˣϲֱСͷԹ˯˸ڵķС
ǧ˿÷ζȻǹ˵ģ࣡
˯죬ǧ־ˣ̲ס˴ε
۵һȥһСӡӣָرãǧҪٴʱ򣬷ξৡһ۾
ǧֻδͱһš
ǺǣˣǧЦһڰоǲ֪ˡ
ЦʣʱĵһĨЦݴżÿĲ˼顣
ǧ˻ͱƻˣɰɡ
֧ӣӴ󷽷µҲ˲ӳǧС
ǧһϣǿˣÿḧһǣǴ˵е簲ǣǵúᣬһӾͽǧſˡ
ǧУĶŷεĲ˼ۡ
ɫôˣǳʡ
ǧҡҡͷûʲôǾÿˡ
ϲգգ۾õͷת
ǧۣЩƯÿÿˣ̫ÿˡ
ǳЦһо٣Ӵб˳
ȥϴ˵
ǧЩ㱣ʶֱס˷εĲӡ
ۣǴ˵еױٸ߸ߣ
ˬ
ǧסεĲӣôֱ֣νױ̨ǰ죬Ž˫ɿˡ
ḧĳ˳ָӷ˿֮䴩ȵָ˲һĨУǧһͷƤϵ۾
ִϵľΪ
ǧһ㣬ʱʱ۾еķοȥۡ
α棬˳Ľë£Ҳϸܣÿĺܣ˹Ȼ˧ġ
ǧ΢ĴҲ
Ϊǧ÷٣Žľ£ḧǧͷ˫ǳǳģҲżЦ⣬ģô
ǧʶ෢侹˷εֱ΢㶣׳˼ѣЦüˣʦһ˫ְ
䴽еЦ˼֡
ǧ˼ѣŽַ¡
ף𣿡ϲͻȻͷ˽ԲСߵ
ˡǧʶͷ
ûϲֿϷεĻ棬Ȼ̻Сӵġ
ϲּǧױ̨ǰСƨƨ˹ȥһС
ǧϲֱס̲סƨһѡ
أϲֶЩ죬ߵå
ǧЦüҡ
һѽϲֱ𣬵ȥԷ
áǧȹվ
ϲֿĵԼҵУһϵı㡣
ǱݵԺûѾûСˣ緹ҹ׼ģһ̧ۣͿһ߳䡣
ʥɽʱҹЩ㱣ѻҲڴףӺͷˣ
Թ緹Ǽ˾ԺС
ԭǻȸ½һˣͻȻֳѱرգſҲвʿص÷ǳܣҲ֪ʦڸЩʲô
Ƿسʲôץס¶ˣǧﴽЦüڽ
ǡε
ǧ죬ʲôҲ˵ˡ
ʱǵԺű졣
ҹԺһƣɴɴҹʲôû˵ͰɴɴŽˡ
ǧ˵½и³ǡɴɴһţͼ˵ڵ³кööı˵вٲʵء
ʵŵͽ׺͸߽׵ħ飬ǵõһܷˡ
ʵǧ˸⡣
ҹһβʵǸմԽʱ򣬴˺󣬾Ҳûмʵˡ
ҲΪǴҲʵõ˲ħ飬ȥһǧ򴽽ǣ۾ٿ˸⡣
ãֱܷǿŲʵкöҲ˵൱һߵֱǼõġ
ǧûеЦٴк˲ޱȣܴӲʵҳһħ飬ͷˡ
ɴɴҲŹ⣬ͷ͵ǰҶûеͽ׺͸߽׵ıϵħ飬ܵõһҲˡ
ǧס°͡
ϵĵͽ׺͸߽ˣϵĸ߽ûУʱܹõʵֽһ¥
ǧöָ⣬˲ЩԾԾԡ
ףʵʲôϲֺʡ


907 ǧ

ǧͷ͵ʵħ飬еͽҲи߽ףֻҪõӦԼħļܿʼѧϰѧϰ֮󣬶ӦħõҲúܻ
ϲֵ˫÷⡣
õˣǲҲܱú
ҪǧЦʡ
ϲæͷҪ
һȥ³ǣǧգգ۾תͷΣΣһȥ𣿡
ȥϲֽץǧĿȡ
βϲ֣ȥֻţȥ
ɴɴվһ࣬ؿǡ
һڣ۶ֱܰϹ۾
ɴɴ߰ɡǧǣϲ֣ڳɴɴļ
ɴɴ̧Ÿȥ
վ
ɴɴ꣬ͻȻЩѹʦȻǺҮҸýģƵġ
ɴɴʶͷһϷ˫ĮĺٽĿ˻Ȼʦֻǧʱ򣬲ŻЦˮ
ɴɴͻȻЩţŶ֪š
Ҳ֪˶ã˵³Ǹ
ͨ³ǵĵطиֻҪִͨܵ³ǣ˿첽ʱΧ˽
ϾǲħĲʵЩֵܵסջ
ܿ죬˾ͨ³ǡ
³ǺܴٲȻһгǣζʮ㣬ÿĵطƵģÿǳ
ڱݵͷ˲̯λÿ̯λ϶ڷŲٲʵһƣЩʵüΪÿ·ҲرֻҪһ۱źö
ôĵ³ǣɴɴؾһһһμôʵǰҶ᳡ʵġ
Ҳ᳡һβʵǧЦŸһ
ɴɴʵûеõö
ǧֵڴ䣬ЦЩĪ⣬õһͽ׺͸߽׵Ļϵħ飬㲻ţƣ
ͽ׺͸߽׵ļʱã˵Ҳûʲôϵ
ɴɴӶ˳棿
ǧ䴽ЦøΪ˼֣Ȼģѵûʱõͽ׺͸߽׼ܣЩҴӲʵѰġ
ЦЦǧԴ
ϲãſˡ
̫ţ˰ɡɴɴҪȴΧΧźöˣֻѹҵĲʵﶼǿȫûʲô飬㵹ãͽ׺͸߽׶ѰˣҶǻϵģôã
ңñȽƯǧüЦ
ɴɴܲܺúˣ
ǧ𳤷ü֮һĨŵĿ⡣
ǧɴɴֳ˳°ڣȻ󣬰ڳһӵģЦãҪȻŲʵ£ҰѽҸòã
ǧЦ۾ôҰ
˵ģǣϲֵ֣߶ˡ
ţҵȻ㰡ɴɴգգ۾ǳݣͰ¡
ԼǧҲһЦ⣬ɣǵʱûõ飬ɱҡ
᲻ᡱɴɴ֣ʵĹҲãֻܿˣѰҲûϵ
ǧЦָһռþ͵С
ӣɴɴֻգ˸۾ͷжֻӡ
Ķģ
֪ʲôǧǳǰЩӣɰɣ
ɰġɴɴֻӣܸоЩѰӡ
ǧëǳǳһЦ
δõĿˣǿռӣһͲѰ֮˵ġףӸϲּþرģΪûöö£رȤ
ЩĹǧõݸϲ֡
ϲһӹãƸ˵Ļ
ӼΪϣһһ˲һƬ
ɴɴ˲佩˽Ϊʲô˵ǿǵħޣ
ȥĸ̯λʵǧͷĿ˲ڷ˳Ľëϡ
νëŵɤƮϲġ
ǾȥǧָָߵǸ̯λղſˣĲʵһЩ
Ǹ̯λΧŵ˲̯࣬λϵĲʵȴܲһſŸͷ󣬱ҲԲ·ǳ
ǧ߽ʱŸÿ̯λϵĲʵ̯λСһʷǷæЦݵλˣĲʵͷ󣬱Բ󣬻·ҲǼõģҪҪ򼸿Կ
̯λϵĲʵ۵ģһЩҪǧң΢һЩҲҪңЩһµģЩӵģۡ


908 ȥĵطʵ~

ɴɴĲʵ̲ס
ǧδ˵װģɴɴһ𣬿ʵȴ˵
ӣ̯λϵĲʵΣ
צ°ͣЩĪţ
ǧüһûһȣŻ
޴డһԽ䣬۾ȫš
ǧһСЩˡ
δһ֪ڸʲôβɳͶȥһۣ̼䣬ĺڵһ棬Ǳ䡣
ñŻˣҲ҇Nɪֻ˵ЩʵȻźÿʵͷûʲôöɱǵƭˡ
ǧüøĿá
ŶɰͰ͵Ӧһ
ǧЩģȴûϸʡ
ΪʲôɰͰ͵ģ𣿡ϲ־ЩԾæ̧ۣһżؿŷΡ
δëһûµģΧôˣЩ
ϲֻȻ򣬡ԭˣ
³䣬С˷μۡ
û뵽оȻӵв˵˵Ϲѧˣѧˣ
ǧ⼸Ųʵôɴɴ²ʣЩʵúð
ǧ°û˵
С۾ȿڵʵúܲ¾ҳöġ
ɴɴüЦ棿
СˣٽȻˣЩʵãöģҪ򼸿ţ
ɴɴЩԥʶǧʵǧЩʵΣֵֵ򣿡
ǧѾùͨˣװģڲʵɨһȦЩʵǺܲҾŲʵãɴɴҪһţ
䣬ִԱһŲʵ
ŲʵűϵħϢЩӦòűϵħ顣
ǧһΣжȻһĨЦ
ȻǱϵϢǾɴɴҪġ
ɴɴǧָǿŲʵ˫ǿŲʵͷЩС·ҲûԼֻ˼ۣ;Ųʵ
ǧԵʰɡ
ɴɴǿŲʵʰһеŲʵŲһٶҶѣԼղģһǧң
Ҳ̫˰ɴɴգգ۾ͣƬ̾͵ϰ壬ҾҪŲʵˡ
Сһס
׬ǧң¾ֻ׬һٶЦӵŲʵôС϶ʲôöģղľͺܲͷĻҲܲαҪСأ
ֹˣ۸񶼺Ưǧ˳Ļ˵ȥ
Сǧһۣ˵
ɴɴǿСĲʵϰ壬ҾҪˣҰɡ
СݺݵǧۣŮ˿ڣǰ϶ǧĲʵǸɶŮˣ
ǧ䴽һЦӵСĿ⡣
СֵǧۣȻ侹Ϸ˫˫ں޸鲨ŵЩˡ
С̿ˮæǽĿ˻Ҳҵǧˡ
һʮҡСɴɴʤ
ɴɴ̸˽ҡ
ŲʵԺǧ̯λѾûкõĲʵˣǸͷٺã˵ͷûöǾûö
ǧȹվȥ̯λɡ
ɴɴҲվ
СһҪߣæǳסõĲʵкܶ࣬ǲٿһ𣿡
ɴɴ΢ٽŲǧһۡ
ǧҲ½ŲСˣˣǾ̯λơ
ѶСҲ˵ЩʲôǶϷ˫ڷӣСŵʲôҲ˵ˡ
ǧȹβţ°ڣʵΣղΪҪǸС
δڵ绪㣡
ǧ΢㶣һ䴽ЦΣã
δһֱ
ǧգգ۾ǳǳһЦ
ɴɴںͷ˵ĵ飬һ˫۾ɵɴ˼֡
û뵽ʦȻӣ̫ɴɴ˴첲ȴʲôҲû˵
ǧŷε罺ģ鳬á
ϲֱãһ࣬Сֻڲϳŷε°ڣ߶ˣףȥʵ
һ䣬ϲֵ˫ģ򼸸ʵ棬ܿϵϵͺˡ
Ҫٹ䣬ЩطĲʵ񶼲Ǻܺáǧѹ˵һ䡣


909 

ϲֳǧ˵ɵӦһ㲻˵ˡ
ɴɴһƼЩ̯λϵĲʵܲǧ˵̫ãҲ˵ʲôֻҪǧͶˡ
Ŀ϶д
ɴɴţ˫Ҳһᶨɫ
Ҳ֪˶ãǰ澹˶۵һһʱߴߴҲ֪ڸЩʲô
ǰڸʲôɴɴ쳤˲ӣΪʲôôˣ
ǧҲǰ˼ۣȥǰ濴֪ˡ
䣬˿ǰһǰͷߴߴ˵ʲô
ǵ³̳ǣ˵˲ٲʵҼǮҲͷ̯λϵı˺öࡣ
Ҳ˵ˣͷĻõĲˣǲȥֻЩʵᱻһյġ
ǻЩȥ
䣬ΧſڵЩ˾Ϳٽ뵽̳֮С
ǧӹµһת˲˸һЦ⣬̳ͷкö಻Ĳʵ
ˣɴɴһ˷ܣǿЩȥ
ãȥɣǧ䣬Ƚ뵽̳֮С
Ҳ첽ȥ
һ뵽̳УַǷ˶ۼ棬ϸǰ˲ٲʵЩʵڵƹ£ͨ巢˵
ǧĵ̾һʵ̫ˡ
ǧط֣ҲʵҲ࣡ɴɴܣںӿֳһĨЦ⡣
ǧڸһ䣬ֵͦģʵҲͷ̯λϵĶࡣ
̳ǣ治ͬ죡
̳г˲ʵûĶ̳Ǿʵİɣ
Ҳ֪ЩʵǴӺδҲ֪Ļǧһת˼Ҳת˺ü顣
һǣŷϲ֣һǧͷḧ֪ЩʲôһȫǳĹ⡣
ǧ΢΢̧ۣ˲Щ㱡
ǧ˵ЩʵУҵеͽ׻߽ױϵħ𣿡ɴɴϵĲʵЩԾԾԡ
ǧһ¾ͶɴɴӨ˫ЩĲʵô࣬ȻлõԼҪļġ
ɴɴһеЦݸ˼֣ǧһٰɡ
ǧֵڴ䣬Цŵ٩һ䣬Ұ
ɴɴæͷҲ֪Ϊʲô;ǧ˸ⰲĵĸо
ȻңҾͰˡǧһͿ̳һӣ˵ǲֻһŲʵֻʮʮŵ
ϲҲǸӣָӵףдҪʮʮŵ򣬺û⡣
ǧЦŵͷǰ̳Ƶģֻۡ
õĲʵô࣬˵ʮţʮſ϶ҲġǧüһЦ
ղѾ˵ˣ˵ʵ㣬Ҳ˵űĲʵǳࡣ
һǧ
ǧҲд⣬ѵһ˾Ҫ򣬸οöѾȷϹˣЩʵͦ
ΣҪħ𣿡ģ̌ڵ˫һ
ζüۣҡҡͷҲҪЩǾͺá
Ҳ԰Ѿˣеħ϶ҲˣҪľǳףִ۷壡
뵽˴ǧ˫ȭ˫Ҳ΢΢һΣҪϷεĽŲһվ۷帩羰
ףҲҪħ顣ϲֻӶСצӣż˵
ǧЦԴ֪ˣһҾͰȥ
ϲִЦԼ֡
֮˾ڷвʵǰε𣬺ܿ˼ŲĲʵЩʵ˵Ĳʵܿͽ׻߽׵ļ顣
ɴɴЩʵִйЦݣЩʵźúð϶Ųٺöɣ
ǧЦЩʵģԲŲٺö˵ֻôˡ
ʱ򣬷ϲȴЦֵĲʵ϶õģˡ
ǧĶڻˣٴԴ
ϲ۾һǿʵףǲʮŲʵҪ𣿡
ǧЩŲƴֵ˵
ϻкöңûˣϿ϶Ҳкܶҵģ¸
ðϲͷһϲ˫֡
ǧһҪٶʱ򣬺ߴһϤ
ǧô㡱һϤŮɤдż𾪺Ͳžͺܲ
ǧšüͷʱͼǧѩƿվһ࣬ƿ潫ӵɵôȫ𾪺Ͳš


910 㵱ҪұЩ

Ǹģ񿴵һһ
Ҳԣƿ֪һˣˡ
ǧվţЦЦؿƿ棬ԭƼϵƿС㣬ģô£ѵҾͲӦó𣿡
Ϥƿӵɵøˡ
ԭΪԼֻǿˣϾǧѾˣ룬˾ͻȻ֣ɫ󷢹⣬ǰӺÿˡ
ƿʶԼΪֻͨѣǧʱЩԱȴǲġ
ʱǧϢĵģݿĲų꣬ͱӲˡ
˭ܸŮΪλû
˵Ա
㲻Ա𣿡ƿüָǧıӣ
ԱǧüۣЩεʼ磬˭Ҳû˵ԱһԲԣ
ƿǧڵȫ˲ģ㣬Ǹ
䣬ʶǧѩһۡ
ͼǧѩûκ𾪣еԹ޺ͲĶѣҲ˵Ѿ֪ǧţ
ƿҧݺݵǧѩۡ
ǧѩĿһֱǧͷϣȫȻûע⵽ƿı顣
ƿɫѿ֮ջĿ⣬ԱŵģŶͷһ
ǧü
η䣬ɫȴĵƿ濴ȥǻȥ˪
ƿ汻Ŀһȸ½Ĵʦǳʮ㣬ƿſˮֻȫЩܡ
βŲǣͷѹ
͵ƿǿҪܲ˵ʱ򣬷ϲͻȻָǵıӣףҲǸء
һǸĴ
һ䣬Ȼһɢ
ǧѩƿ˲ɣɵϲ˵Ļʱɫࡣ

Ůʲô
ףҲʵ𣿡ϲգգ۾һ
Ǻܼǳģ˭ǧѩ뺦
Ӧǵİɡǧ͵вżŲʵ𣿡
ϲŤͷȥ濴żŲʵףǲʵҮǵ̫ãõĲʵ𣿡
ղѾĺ˵ˣŵĲʵûõģȫǿ
ǧǿһۣЦЦ˭֪أʵıºܺأ
໣ԭˡϲֵСԴ
һûһǧѩƿɫøѿ
˵仰ûʲôѣܴ⻰̵ַζǻ
ƿڷεѹʲôû˵
ǧѩ׳ӣǧҿҲ˲ٲʵЩʵĸͷСֻûʲôöء
ǧδ˵ɴɴȵһۣҼǵĲʵģɱźã
ǧѩҧҧܿôأЩҾѡģڼʵı²ȻѾϰ˵ͽ׺͸߽׵ıϵħܣ
䣬ǧѩڳһʤӡ
ɴɴñ죬оԼ񱻱˵ͽ׺͸߽׵ļûĿĴﵽǧѩŴǣЦüΪNɪ
ǧ˼ۣҾȻ֪ʵĹȻãѧģ
ǧѩüԽʮ㣬ȻʥŮѧԺͬʦѧģʦ˼ֻѧɶѡ
ɾĹǧ۾Щ
ǺǣұͺǧѩĻ䣬ͻȻʶԾˣ͵ػͷŭصǧǧʲô˼ڳң
ǧֵڴǣʹΪҲû취
㡱ǧѩᣬ춼˵
ǧֶվЦЦؿǧѩ
ǧѩһۣĺڵ˫ʼմɫ
ǧѩŴܿȥǲİƾʲôʵãҲҪ
ңڵĴʦ֧ǧʵڿɺޣ
ǧѩ˫ȭǲһڶ϶˯ˣǧҲҸұһ
ǧµؿʲô
ͱʵǧѩָϵĲʵСһš
ȷǧЩЦؿǧѩҪұЩ
ǧѩۣΪˣЦЩţҵȻȷˣ㲻˰ɣ
ǧָ⣬ЩֵֹģȻǲµģҿûʲôʦѧֻƾֱʵˡ


911 ʼ

ǧѩš
ǧһۣǹŹɫұȣҾͺȱȣҵһ򶼺ܲġ
ǧͣһҪˣδʼȣɴɴź
ϲҲУСƨɲͣŤţ׼ͣ
ηס˫磬Ų߶
ǧѩűеɫӱˣҼʵûѧҾΪһŲʵ
ţǧЦζôأ
ǧѩ˫֣٩٩̸ҶʮŲʵģ֮Ұеһ͸㣬ⱾһŲʵ
ͦ˼ģ˵ǧü
ǧѩ۾֮ͿԼĲʵˣǼǱ飬ңҾ䣬ǳңǱӮˣ˵Σ
ͦõġǧƴеЦˣͦƽġ
ǧѩȵذڰ֣޷Ҹʦѧģ̶ȶ˵ʲô
ǧٴһ㻹ͦŵġ
ǧѩ
ɣǾôȰɡǧɫȴЦ˻
ǧѩʵ޴ʲôãƫҪʲôʵҪ֪ϿһֻõģֻҪһ֣ʮŶʮţ϶ȫħ飡
ǧѩ֪ǧֻԼռƣЦüΪ
ܳ𣿡ƿЩĵʡ
ܾǧЦЩǧѩüӰοûûѧʵıɣԣһҵʤǳ󣡡
ǡƿ滹˵Щʲôͱǧѩϡ
־Լ硣ǧѩһۣЩģⳡľҾӮһǧ䶨ˡ
ƿ۾ЦȻţͷΣ
ͷǧѩۣ˫˼֣Ǹ⣬ȥ˵
ţƿ澹ҲֿԴǧĴ
Ҫʼ𣿡ǧǱߵֹͣˣ۾һ䡣
ǧѩȴǰڰ֣Ц˼֣ţһЩҪ˵
ǧָ⣬˵Ŷ㻹Ҫ˵Щʲô
ǧѩ̫°ͣһֻѾʤĿȸƵģȻǱԣǲһЩͷΣ
ͷ
ǧһе¸Ũ˼֣ʵû뵽ǧѩӲͷţȻģײ
ͬӲͷȽжǧգգ۾˳ĽëϲţÿǳĲͷأ
ǧѩһתƯһ⣬ˣĻԶʵҪ¸ҵǸ
һ䣬ǧûб䣬ȴ۾ϵҲ¶˳
ǧѩ΢㶣ӲͷƤ˷εѹ
ڲкŪҲɪɪ
ǧʶ°ڣӮҵģǱһƽϡ
ϵÿ죬ȥҲ졣
һɢΧҲˡ
ðǧŷε°ڣĿȴǧѩأ
ǧѩü˵Լ䣬һ뵽Ǻ˵ƣŴ˵ɣΣ
ǧ˫ģ˵ڳһլӣˣͽǼլӸңȱԽԺһҪʵһҸ˰ɡ
ǧѩ΢㶣ΪǧԼԼѿȻҪЩȻͦǧε֪ǼլӵģڲǼƽô顣
ǧѩû˼ãܿӦãҴӦˡ
϶Ӯģ
ǧĴ󷽣תһ룬ҲúϾǧѩгţһȫûԼӡ
Ӵ㻹󷽵ġǧֵ°ʹ٩һ䡣
ǧѩһȫûĵ٩ǿʼɡ
ðǧЩĵģ˼˿
ǧѩһľֺܿ
׼ͣϲֺɴɴһź
վһ࣬Ŀȴǧ
ǧͷһϲ׳һǣҵĺϢһҸӮլӹ
ϲЦ֣׺ð
ǧӻ֣еЦ˼֡
ǧѩվһ࣬ɫͻ䣬ʲô˼ҲҪи޶ȰȻǷ
ʱǧѾۼֿ죬ŲʵҪʱǧѩǻع
ǧѩҧҧҲͷʼʯͷˡ


912 ˮϵ߽׼

ǧʵ൱ʡ
ǧѩȴ΢ЩϾֻÿģҪҳмĲʵֻЩѶȡ
ǧѩһ̧ۣǧŲʵһɳǧеĲʵȥ
һЦһ
Сֳ󣬱ӿݣ·ѿǳĻɫм飿
Źˣ
ǧ㲻ҲɡǧѩһԲǳĲʵЦЩʵһͲʲôöЩִֺÿģһɶأ
һΧܱ߿ֵҲǹЦ
ǰĻЩִֺÿģСֳʲôö
Ȼμֱԣ϶úܲҡ
ֱֱӡ
Χ۵̾ϢȫǶǧıġ
ǧΪɫɣҾϲЩֳСģǧѩ㾡ԼҪıǣùҡ
Ϊ㣿ǧѩЦһֻǾЩʤ֮ѡ
ǧ۾ȴʲôû˵
ʵҿһԻˡ
û˵ǧѩֻˣǧѩٴθ߸ʵ
ǧʶǧѩһۣĲʵԲ󣬸ͷҲܴĻƸǾܲܣֻҪһ۱кö
˼ۣȴûжо˵ˣЩʵֻѣȻмжȴࡣ
ǧЦ˼֡
ǧѩ֪Цʲôרѡʵ
ǧõָ£ѾʮʯͷƳͷͷǧѩֱֻ߲߿ŲʵҪƻһʱ䡣
ǧ˫ֻأĵվһࡣ
ǧѩֻҪһ̧ۣܶ˫ЦЦǧѩһϣҵƿ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧѩŽʮŲʵˣʵϣǧѾʵˣھͽʵҿ
ǧڰ֣ðҡ
ǧѩһӦҵģҺ֮Ҫһǧǣ͵ĺˡ
ǧѩüȫµԽиŨ˼֣һŲʵ˵࣬СͷʼҲʵ
顱̳𣬴˿̣Χ۵ҲԽԽˡ
ʱҵĲʵкðһ
Χ۵һֹ
찡ʼðˣоó㣬ЩܸоһƷϵħĲ
ѵǷϵħ飿
ϵħģԷϵħͦһͽ׵ľҪڣ߽׵ľ͸˵ˡ
ԣǧѩǿһϵħ飬ǾǴ׬
ǲ²¿ŲʵǵͽףǸ߽׼飿
Ҳ¿϶ǵͽ׵ģʵƵŨӦǵͽɡ
ҲҲǵͽ׵ġ
Χ۵˲߶߶
վһ࣬ϲûʲôŸУͷ·ǧѩҪҳĲǼ飬һѿ
ʵҵֻáˡһһǳɫľ䵽˵ϡ
͸ľ壬̲һЩǳǳĲƣȷǵͽ׷ϵħɣ
Χ۵˶Ǳ飬¶ѵĹâ
ϵȻϵ֮ףҲûϵϵôĹߵģټϷϵǷǳڵħһʮħʦǷϵԣϵħҲġ
ķϵħҳһڽˣ
ҳһ塣
ңڡ
Χ۵˲
ǧѩϵľ壬һٸӿ⼼ģ
ʶǧ˼ۣеЦλεģʾζ
ܿ죬ֽĿ˻ȥԲλⱾϵڻΪһڱ״̬Ҳ١
Χ۵һЩʧһһͻ˲ɿ
ǧѩеľ壬ֹǧǰ˻Σҿķϵ飡
ǧһۣʲôҲû˵
ǧѩҧҧе˷ܸҲܿ챻ĥɾŤͷȥҲʵˡ
ȥļŲʵǿǧѩҧҧͷЩķңŲʵʼңûþһ˿ŨƮɢ
ǧüϺ⣬Ѿ˵ˣܲŸ߽׵ļ顰찡ôŨǸ߽׼ɣ
϶Ǹ߽׵ģȻôŨģ
ЩˮϵԪذ
һΧ۵Щʧ¡
ˮϵħһħֻܳ䵱ʲôĸͲУԣǵͽ׻Ǹ߽׼飬ˡ
ͽ״ǧ򣬸߽׵ڣ˶ˡ


913 볬ҵĻϵ

ǧѩҲܵЩˮϵԪأɫɱ˱䣬ΪʲôƷû뵽Ȼˮϵģǰ׸һ
ˡһһɫľڵأˮϵ顣
ǧѩһɰƽƽһ뵽ŶҲڣͲˣ䴽Ц
ǧǼһ߽ܿ׼ɣ
뵽˴ǧѩеЦŨ˼֣ŤͷǧȫԽУرǰ
߽׼ǧǰ˻ΣǸ߽׵ļ飡
ǧ˫ֻأ˵ˣ㻹ġ
Ųʵһͽ׷ϵһ߽ˮϵɺһȣȫû
ǧѩüһһֻ߰Ŀȸ
ǧϵıɣȫûʲôӰ졣
ǴŰϲֶǧѩһɳŷε°˵һ䡣
δͷЩģȥֻҪ׾ͺá
ϲæͷ˳һǧѩѣ˭֪Ȼһŵģʵ۾һ׻úʰġ
ɴɴվһ࣬ʲôҲû˵ʼ϶ǧӮ
˿̣ǧѩѾʼһŲʵˣǰŲʵŲеͽ׼飬ˮϵģֵ˼Ǯ
ɾˣҲıˣһҲУǾ屾
ʮ￪屾飬ļҲõˣ
ǧѩҿʼʱһƸΪŨƮɢ˳Χ۵һǧѩҲžһ¡
ѵǸ߽׼飿
ǧѩ򴽽ǣ̲Ż֮УѲǻϵ飿
ҲģɽǧѩеĲʵ´һĻ
ϵϵ֮ףȻӵлϵħ˲ֻ࣬Ҫӵлϵأһ飬Ǹ񿪹һ
ϵҲϵħʦһϡȱޱȣмУһͽ׻ϵҲ߼ۡ
ңЩϵħʦǴˣЩΪһϵͶǧԲ
ǧѩ۾еĹâÿҪϵ鰡Ǹ߽׵ľ͸ǧеĲʵҲЩ𾪡
ʹѾ֪ʲôˣȴǱ͸Ũһ
ϵʲôģȻͬ죡
ˡһһȸУ˷׷״ŵǳɫĺɫ塣
죬ǵͽ׻ϵ飬㾧ɫЩǳȴޱȣ˿һ۾ƲĿˡ
ǧѩϵľϵЦôҲ䲻¡
Ȼǻϵ飬Ȼǵͽ׵ģҲǮ
ǧѩŤͷˣǻϵħ飬ٽңҪӮңͱ뿪ļ飬ƷҲҪҵġ
䣬еĻϵ飬ֵԣҪҵĵͽ׻ϵ飡
Щ˵꣬ǧѩؿǧ
ĻϵܳˣҪͱ뿪ļ飬бͽ׻ϵ顣
ǣ
ɲǧá
ǧѩһ䣬ϾؿǧЩҰɣҪôȼˣǻء
һ˷׷׸ͣһܵɢǾͲ˵ˡ
ǧָ⣬ǧѩǲһˣ
ʲôǧѩ۾
ǧƿ꣬üҲһҪһŲʵģԣҪǱҡ
ԭ˰ǧѩüЦޱȡ
ʲô
ȻǸͽˮϵˣ
ˮϵǮҲ˴ţ
Ȿˮϵĸɡǧѩһ֣ͽˮϵ鶪С
ǧֽӹϲûκ⣬ǧѩԿ϶һļ飬ͽˮϵõѡ
ãҪʼˡǧСͷĵڲʵô
ǧѩȣľٶ͸ɢһЩͺñڶԴѰ֮һ㡣
ǧѩߣȫԤˡ
ǧС㣬ƿߵǧѩԣɿ˵
ȻʵļҿǸʦѧ˺üˣǧѩü۲֮ȫţ߸ϵʤƵġ
ƿû⣬ȭͷһΣǧˡ
ˡǧѩüеЦ
ʱһص˶
һ㶣ʱһɫľڵϣ⾧ɫǳǳģֻҪһ۾֪Ǽ飬һͽ׵ϵ飡
ϵħڻϵħϵļҪöҡ
죬Ȼϵħ飬ǴӺѿĲʵ￪ģúá


914 ٷ

ͽϵöңһ¾׬ˡ
׬û϶ûͽ׻ϵð
ֹ˵ţǧѩɫЩѿ˵̹Ц
ǰϵлϵã
ﲻ΢Щ˶ѣӦҲͷ˰ͲţЩޱȵĲʵкö
ʱǧŲʵŶжֱһͽ׷ϵһͽױϵüǮļ顣
˵ɴ۾׷׾
ǰɣŲʵͽ׼飬ֱǰٷУÿһŲʵֳСֱˡŮôôã
ҵʵĹ򳬼ãһ˶ѡֳСģѡˣţѵѾ֪кöˣ
һ˷׷׳Ĭ
ˣŮ˵ʵжð
ǧѩ˵ͷҲǲһ¡
ʵ
ģ϶϶Ϲģ΢ЩǧѩϸԼҲź˲١
ʱƿ䵽ǧѩߣЩ˵ǧС㣬ǧĻʵɣѾˡ
˵ѡǧѩŤͷдŨŨĲмɱ־ҵ簡
ƿ΢٣ҲûС
ǧѩһûоͺãưɣһǧúܲҡ
Ըɡƿ򴽣ͷЩϰµġ
ǧѩĿһ䣬ؿƿ漸ۡ
ƿűӣҲ˵ˡ
ʱǧֿ˼飬ֱǵͽ׵ˮϵϵ
ǧѩõԲ˫Ŀ
Χ۵ҲЩɵˡ
Ųʵͳ屾ͽ׼飬ǰٷУֱϹ˵۾
ʱϻʣŲʵЩʵҲܿ飬ţˡ
Χ˱̫ǧǶǧڴٿЩļܾͻʤǧѩ
ǣ鲢ʲôײˣô
Χ۵۰ͰͳǧţƺҪ֤漣ĵ
ǧѩҧһǲԸǧá
ô찡ƿЩš
ǧѩŤͷ˼֣ܻþʱҿŰɡ
ƿƵӦһ㲻˵ˡ
ǧǿ˼ۣںֳһĨŹЦ⡣
֮ԻῪôͽ׵ģôġ
̳ڼƷʵкܶ࣬һһǰʱ϶ɼĺ䶯ŲҪô鷳ء
ԸǧѩֻҪ΢ЩŨͳˡ
ǧؼҲʵΧ˵ȴᵽɤ۶ϡ
еŻкö
Χ۵סɵʵ꣬ûж¶ʱ˲ɱ졣
ΪٷУ˭֪ڵŲʵʱ򣬾ȻҳϣԽʧԽ
˰ڰ֣Щȱȱ
վһԵǧѩҲ࣬ƿ棬Ҿ˵Щѣڲҳ˿ҪӮңͱҳȵͽ׻ϵҪõļ˵𣿡
ƿĬβŵܰɵͽ׻ϵѾˡ
˵ǧ䶨ˡǧѩüеֻˡ
ƿۣЦЩֻġ
ߵϲֿ˸ţһǱġ
λȻй֮ţ۾
һӮģԲԣϲͷĿ˲ӳž
δ϶Ӯġ
֪ģϲֿĵ㵸
ԴǰֳһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ϲջĿ⣬ǧǱ߿ȥ
ʱǧѾҿߺ͵ڰ˿ŲʵˣȫǿΧҲŴ
Χ۵ҲͬǧѩһΪǧǺþˣùȫˣŲʵҲûʲôöɡ
ţǧеĵھſŲʵȻðŨޱȵﻹ˿˿̳֮˲˽˽·Щɪɪ
ô£䰡
䣬Ƶġ
簢硱
ɴɴǧеĲʵ˫оʵ͸вϵԪأ
ŲʵĶȻǱϵ飬ƺǱϵġ
ɴɴĿƵؿǧԼĸǣ
ϵǱϵ
ôŨǸ߽׵İɣ
Χ۵˴ֱֹ˵Ǹ߽ױϵʱȫһ£˸һĨȡ


915 ȫѹ

Ǹ߽ױϵǿǲ˵߽ˮϵĻô߽ױϵƷˣȻȻϵϵЩһļ߼ˡ
߽ױϵϸͲҲۣŮ˾Ȼҳһˡ
⵽أʵأ
Χ۵ϸ룬ˡһһ͸׵Ưֱ䵽˵ϣϻ͸˿˿ǾӨ͸һƷʵļ飡
ϵǸ߽ױϵ
Χ۵һƣ˲Բˡ
֮꾹Ȼ߽ܿױϵ飬޺ˣ
찡Ǹ߽ױϵҸоԼһ
ҲԼΣŮҲ̫˰ɣ屾ͽ׼飬һ߽ױϵţʵţ
ô˵Ӯ˰
һ˲ڱԣǰǧǺ޲ôԼ
ͽϵϵϵϵˮϵټϸ߽׵ıϵ϶ǧѩ˰Χ۵˵硣ɻ˲ͬ
ǧѩеͽ׻ϵ飬ϵޱȣһ㼼ܹϳģǣҲҳͽ׻ϵ
𣿡
Ҫҳͽ׻ϵ飬˲ɵɴ˫ҲдŲܡ
ôҳͽ׻ϵǵͽ׻ϵǴײ𣿡
ǰͽ׻ϵ͸ϵħʦһĺܣʮһͲˡ
ǧѩǧҳ߽ױϵʱöιȥˣһ˵еŭɢ˲١
ǣҳͽ׻ϵ
ֱǳ˵Σ
ǧѩվһ࣬͸ţû˿ԳԽûˣ
Χ۵˱ʮַḻǧǿ˼ۣϵЦҲ˼ִ֣һŲʵּ˽ĿͶһЦֽʵϡ
Χ۵ͷᵽɤϣһ£һľôţϲ·ǳĲ
ǧѩҲ챻ˣôأ
ŪǧĦϵĲʵЦһ䣬˵Ųʵ᲻еͽ׻ϵأ
һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧȫſЦҾã϶еͽ׻ϵ飬ϾӮֻˣ˭ǧѩҵ̫أ
һ㶣ȴҲ˵˻Ϊʵ̫ˣŵǶԸš
ǧԻڣǧѩ򴽣ȫŭǧ˵󻰣ҪģǿЩʵҿ˷ʱ䡣
ǧЦЦӴ˰
ǧѩҧ˵κλ
ǧٴνǿŲʵִ
ˣΧ۵˺أǧѩŴ꣬ҲúЩѹ֡
Ļǵͽ׻ϵ
ڴĿ£ǧڿʼҲʵˣ顱̳𣬶ôһһȫϣҲǵĺ
ûãһȸ߽׵ϡɱһͽ׵Ũ֮ܶ࣬оȻһȸ͸
Ƚղűϵµıȫɢ찡ǻϵͽΧ۵Ȼɴ۾һֿһı鿴ǧ
ǧΪͽ׻ϵϺһĨЦݣˮ˫ҲЩ޹ζ
Ȼǵͽ׻ϵ飬˵ǲӮǧѩ
Χ۵һ飬Ӯ
ѹòã
Ҳ֪Ȼʳֻڹ˼˰̰
ʲôӮˣǰ˼ѹˣ
Ʋͽ׻ϵ˵ʲô߽ױϵͽϵϵÿһǼƷȫ˼ѹˡ
Ҳ˼ѹóס
Χ۵һһ˵ţȫǧѩڵɫ
ǧվһ࣬ۼǧѩɫˣһЦò÷ǳ
Χ۵˻ֹ˵ţǳǧһֺۣĿͶǧѩϣһ뵽ʲôһЦ
ǧѩղź˵ҪһŲʵһͽˮϵǴأ˭ţ
ǣҵʱΪӮǸŵģ뾹Ȼûá
Ҳ˵ûðɣֻ˵̫ǿ󣬶ҼΪ͵ֱɱС
ǧѩɫѿˡ
ǾȻ˵ԼĲǣɶˣúܲҡ
ôǧѩǲӮ˰ǧŤͷĿ䵽ǧѩϡ
ǧѩһһһ뵽Լô˫۾ţˣֻ½Ҳȥˡ
Ǵ½չģǴȥʧܶġ
ֻҷӲáǧѩҧҧΪѵ˵Ӯ˰ɡ


916 ҪʮҰ

Ӯ˾ӮˣΪҪ˵Ӯأǧü˸֧֧ģ˲֪ģΪұء
һҲǧѩָָ˵䲻ʲôġ
ǧѩ˫ȶЩҧҧ㿪˵ɣӮˣӮˣ⻹𣿡
Щͺ𣿡ǧüЦЩ䣬ȻˣǲǸгŵˣ
ǧѩһֱΪԼӮȫʲôŵʲô
ǧѩۣĺڵ׺⡣
ϲֵֽڴ䣬ͻȻڵҪլӸǣһҪʵðǸǮ
䣬ЦضǧѩڿϷƵġ
βԴȫǳɫ
Ҽұ˵úܶԣҪլӸңðǸǮǧһЦֿٽĿͶǧѩϡ
ǧѩ˫շࡣ
ղžȻӦҪ
ΪԼӮûʲôоûӮҪլӺͽҹóҵͲ࣬լҲֻѣһ䣬ԼҲֻʣһˣʱһҪһôס
ǧѩָ⣬ͷƤЩ顣
㲻ˣɣǧۣ硣
Χ۵ҲǧѩˣƻᱻĭҲ
˭˵ҪˣˣǧѩҧӲͷƤ˵һ䡣
ǧüһЦζԭûˣǷӦýˣУҪʵˣ㽫׼ã
ǧѩվһ࣬˫ʲô˵
ǧ䴽һЦϵļ鶪ڿռС
ڸղŻδʽʼԵʱѾҽЩʵˣÿһŶʮң׬ˣ
ǧѩЦˇNɪöŤˡ
һȥʵλǸǮӴǧָָǧѩеЦôҲ䲻ȥ
ǧѩҧȴֻװԸķӣҪϽһء
ǧ͸һȥʵȥˡ
ǧѩԭضš
˰ƿվ࣬
ǧѩУһŤͷüΪĿ⿴⻹˵𣬸ұ족
ƿŤͷһЦҲˡ
ʱǧѾʮŲʵˣ̳︽Ĳʵ࣬üΪ˷ܵǧ
ǧҲҪ󣬲ãҲԼǮ
ǹ˰ôࡱǧѩһԾæǳֹ
ǧЩĵؿ㲻ǰɣǾ˼ǸոմĵʱҲû˵ٽֻҪģ㶼ӦðҸǮ
ǣϲ˫ֲƵصҪˣ𣿡
Χ۵˻δɢȥ²ǰһĻ˵ǧЩʵ᲻ᶼö
ǧѩ첱Ӵ֣ǳھӦǧҪ󣬶ǧǸǿ̳Ϳհ
ҲˣֻûٽҶѣܲ飿ǧѩʵǸôҡ
ǧգգ۾Щ޹Ѿ˰㿴ЩʵֳСͶǧѣһûʼһͿʼˣ
ǧѩŤͷһ淢ĶЩֳСĲʵЩʵŲʮӣһٶţҲͶǧģ˵ĺܡ
ȥǾ͵ùǧѩҧҧԾڵѪ㻹Ҫһ
ǰǧ̯֣ǳ޹ܲܶЩİɣ
ǧѩͷƤһ飬õĶҪǧڣţ
źõģǧѩһ䡣
׼ҪźõģǧЦһ䡣
ϲҧСָһҪʮҰɣ
ʲô
ʮǿһʷǳ֣ôȥ
Ƿ˰ɣǧѩҧأüʮô࣬۸ôôȥ
Ǭ컯գ㾹ȻҪȥǧĺڵ˫Ѳ⣬㻹ȸ½ʥŮǧѩǿˣƷ֮
ϲֵͷ͡
ǧѩ˵Ƕ˵˼ѣǾһܶ˵ü䣬Ϸôôࣿ
Χ۵Ҳǧѩָָ㣬˵䲻Ʒʲôġ
ȥĳžͻ鲼ڡ
ǧѩһٻԼֻҧɳɳɣɣǿɵöʿɶֹ
ǧ𣬵ǧѩûôҵĻԽտļˣͿкöˡ


917 Ҵġ

ǧѩ򴽣ЩΪѣûôңҲ뱻ָָ㣬ֻóոյõļ
ļ鶼һӾö
ǵͽ׷ϵ˸߼Ǯ߽ˮϵļ۸ƽӹһЩҲڽҡ
ǧеĽҴӣЦü䣬ǧѩ˺öңѾʵˣЩӦùˡ
ǧѩŤͷȥͼһӣװһٶųòģĲʵʮԲޱȣ۸񰺹Ĳʵ
ԹҪʮڽǧѩֻӺһըˣҪô࣬ҪյõĽȫȥˡǮɡǧװûľᣬЦ˵һ䡣
ǧѩ΢ţԥҪҪǮ
ףҪˣɣȫûҪǮ˼ϲֲۡ
ӦòᰡǧŴǣ״ƾ̾һôˣҪˣĻǵöඪ˰
ҲӴϲͷǲǮĻӴ
ǧѩһ÷ϡ
˵˵ûҪˣ˼ǧѩһ䣬˦ӽҷŵϣЩҹĻټһЩ
̳ǵĹһ½ң˵һǧ
ǧѩѪȻҪôࡣ
ǧѩûе飬ܿͽʣµһǧȡϣЩȫ˰ɣ
̳ǹŽҴӵ˵࣬ˡ
ʽǧѩֻĸۣݺݵǧһۣȴʲôҲû˵
ǧĲʵȫװռУϵЦҲ˼֡
ǧЦתҪߡ
ɾʱǧѩôˣǧ̳סˡ
ǧѩȾһѾ㸶ˣ㻹Σ
ֻ˵Ǹҵģ㻹ûнҰǧüЦЦؿǧѩ
ǧѩһϣҪʲôģⷿɷڿռָ롱ǧüһתҲһ١
ǧѩƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲôȡռָķУ㣬˰ɣ
ţˡǧãŽ˿ռУֵլǻסţǰȥˣҽҪϼҴڰլȥ
һдլҪסϲһ˷֣ܵðдլҪסˣ
ȴûʲô飬һ뵽ܺסһ𣬻ĵġ
ǧѩϵķŭŨȻվסȥǵôߡ
ȴãڻؼҾȥ˵Ǿȥ
һ䣬ǧѩʹƿĶӣûٴȥˣǶˡ
ǧǵıӰЦζ
ǧĺɴɴӻɴ۾Щؿǧ
˸߽ױϵܿͽϵͻϵ飬ǧֱˣⱲӶûô༼顣
ǧǸ߽ױϵ飬ܲңɴɴƣЩʡ
һˣ϶ὫŽ᳡ģΪ᳡õļǮɵʱô϶ġ
ǧ˵ɴɴˣҿԳ߼ۼǮģܲң
һΪҰѸ߽ױϵءһСģǧ䴽ǳǳȴƯ
ôԣǿǸ߽ױϵôˣɴɴͬȻǹϵҲռˣ϶ҵġ
ǧֵڴ䣬Щ޹ôС𣿡
ɴɴ۾գգǸ߽ױϵСС⡱
ʵұʹġǧﴽȫûһ㿪ЦĺۼǰҲģⱾҲûʲô
䣬ǧͽɴɴС
еɢһĨڱϵ΢
ɴɴоϵ⣬˶߽ױϵˣȻ˿ɴɴܿͷӦ˹оеĸ߽ױϵɽҲǣҲǣҧҧ˶ˡ
ôصĶҲҪġɴɴҪ߽ױϵǧĲռˣŶʵ̫ˣ˰ҹ˯š
ǧû˵ȴתת˼ʲô
һſ˵˼˼õҳͺˣøһڰɣҾõģأ
ɴɴŴ˵ʲôȴǧϣ㣬øһڳ߽ױϵˡ
ɴɴǺһһڽң


918 ƾʲôǰң

߽ױϵһڽң۸ðײһ׬ˣ滹Щô͸о԰ʳƵģ
ţšͻȻڣżѾҪ⼼ˡ
ɴɴӦһһ㱵ؽһڽȡ
ʱɴɴЩ㱣һڽҾȻ˴˵еĸ߽ױϵֱ͸һ
ɻ㱹ɴɴ䴽Ц
ʵҲõģȻռ˱ˣԷģԺǧӱĺãҲᱳὫԼã
ǧáɴɴһжرһ£ԺҪһֱ죬Ҳӱõġ
ǧЦϲֻжˡ
ϲֳɴɴ˼ۣƷҲϲ׽ˡ
ɴɴֱܳһźʹʦһȣĺ
ϲʹȡ
ɴɴŴǣĶҪˣźʹʦһģһͦ۵ģЩӤʣʵڿɰ͸ˡ
ɴɴ̲ס˼ѣͷ·ʦһ
΢ǧ֪ЩʲôЦĿȴڷϡ
λ⣬˵
ʵڲ֪ԼƵôɰ飬Щϰˡ
ǧǻʵ𣿡ɴɴһ۾
кöʵûǧƿ꣬ռﻹкöûõôܾʹ뿪أ
Ǿͼﻹкöʵɴɴ˷ܣָоǧĲʵкöġ
ֹһǧһٿŲĲʵһڽһˡ
ǧȫû۵ĸоãЩǮַ׬׬ɽ
ǧһԵӡ
֣ͷţȥ𣿡
ءģ̌һĨЦҲкȥլӿǰˣǾסȥΣ
εá
Ҳȥ𣿡ɴɴۼɫ磬ȥ֡
ǧͷͬ⣬Ǿһȥɡ
ʵռԺ̧뿪
һȣܿ뿪³ˣǧƷϵľλãʹǳ߶ȥ
ǧѩլڶ߷ϴǧҲȥ̽ģǧٷҲסլҪǰȥֻµóˡ
ȥʱڳͦϤģɡ
ʲô᣿ô󺰴УѾס꣬סΪʲôҪǰ᣿
ǧѩվһ࣬˫࣬ĿҪĥɾˡ
ᣬǾǲᣡһƨż߰ţȫøо
ǧˮվһ࣬Щģ˵
ǧѩܹˣеŭɫŷǲҲðᣬҰȥ
ᡣѾˡ
ǧٷ۾ѩЩߵΪͻȻҪǰˣ
ǧѩԸղŵ飬һøѿҸ˱ˣͽլ
ǧôϢͣʲô㾹Ȼȥ˱ԣլӸˣѩôͿ
ǧѩʲôû˵
˵㵽˭ǧٷʣص𣿱ϾլʱͲˣôĻ϶᲻ĵġ
ǧѩ͸¶ǧ֡
ӡŮѾˣαָ
ûصأ˾ˡǧѩ͸һĨͷңѾ˵棬ˣǻߵĻЩ˸οң
ǧٷ紽䶯˵
żϣУѩ㵱ͿˣͲŪЩĶƫҪլ
죿ǧѩ˫һᣬǲǻҪһլˣڳҲ˲ӣЩҺܿ׬ˡ
ﱻŵ˵ǲġ
ǧٷҲˣ˫նǺˡ
ǧѩ̫ѨˣǿЩɡ
ǧС㣬˻֪ǧ𣿡ƿ濴ǰ־磬ʶ˵һ졣
⣬һӾˣʲôǧ飬Ѿ𣿡
ǧѩõƿ漸ۣȻңȫǧˡ
ûúúõءƿ䴽ֵղǧСǧһء
һһ£ǧٷҲɵԭء
ʲô
ǧȻûȻϣ
ǰ˵ǧѾˣԱģÿ


919 вˡ

£һ˾Ȼֻˣ⵽ô£
ûɴ۾һôûԱԱܻ
ƿ̯ƣͻŰһúúõģʵҲǿ˲٣ǧС㶼Ķء
㻰ࡱǧѩɫѿ
ƿ޹գգ۾ʵʵ˵ѡ
ǧǧٷŤͷһ䡣
ǧѩѵصͷϸ쳣
ǧٷ΢򴽰꣬һʱþ˵㵱ǺͿôǧأ𣿡
ǧѩ΢Ŵ꣬ȴʲôҲû˵
ڵǧ˫ϵѪѪټϵħʮĽɫ½Ҳеġ
ټϴʦΪݻ˿Ժһ뵽˴ǧѩľ쳣ƾʲôǧˣȴˣ
ǧǸСˣǸͻȻθһլӸܸˣӮ϶׵ģѩǧƭˡ
죬˲˵ע⡣
ǧѩŤˣ޲ý˺ã˵û˵ư͡
Ϊƽҧߡ
ǲߵģһ߾Ҫװױǧһ뵽˴ĵ
˵׵İǧһϷۼʱˣʹŷǴδ
һ˲Ʈɢͬ¡
ŵɪɪֱӱˡ
ܵϵǧѩ챻ˣģǺ˵ġ
Ͼղô˫۾أɲˣС˼
ȻǺ˵ģڸϿȥɡǧȫκ档
Ҫɱˣɰڷεѹһ仰˵
ǧٷɫ࣬ǧյϣܱܲլӣϾͷסˣסˡ
յ֣ǧߣͻ˰ýһ尡
ף˭ϲֺʡ
ʱǲע⵽ǧ߻һ۵СޣС޺ͷγһģһ
ǧٷˣ͵صɴ˫
ǣĺӣ
뵽˴ǧٷ˫ɵøԲˡ
ﾹȻʹʦ˺Ӷ⺢ӿȥѾˣǰĺӣ
˭˵ǧѾ˵ģ˼ҷǵûӶˣûְرɰ
һȺɵ˶ѣ㲻֪ġǧָ˸Դ
ϲӦţ֪ˡ
ǶǲɵˣҶף϶ʲôˡ
ǧ˵ǺôҲʮ꣡ǧٷ첱Ӵ֣ڵҲ˼ŭھ˵ǲɵˣ㵱Ǽõġ
ǧҪˣǣͽֻˣڶ˵ǲɵˣ˵д
ǧٷؿһʱ侹Щ
ȻǲɵģǾͿЩȥ򣬱ҶˡǧߣӣһҪɼܵģ
ʦܹأŤͷθ״
ʦһʵ£϶ǧģ
Ҫ˴ˡ˵һ䣬ǲ˳۰ͳɣ˶˻
ǧЦŵͷġ
ɵԭأ⻹ǸʵµĴʦ
Ϊαթˣ
ᣬˡǧѩߴ٣ڸǧӲӲ
ﻹվŲߡ
ǧٷһҲסˣתߣۣ
ﻹɵվţЩ
ҲߣͻȻӻȡһö壬ǧ벻Ҫ֪ܣϾܣ
һڳ˶סˡ
ܣ
ǧѩǧٷǸ֪ĴǧҲһ±ƣȻп壿
︧е壬Цĵ󣬡ҵѾùģѾ˵ö嵱͹ĲϣӦúйذɡ
ǧǿ壬Ŀ΢䣬Σ
Ҫ壬ͽլӻǣǲͱҽˡüһȨӡ
ף޳ܰϲСߡ
ɴɴ޳ܵˣȴûô޳ܵģֱˢۣǰҲ̫޳ˣȻű˵вô죿
ǧŴɫø˼֣ƽвˡ
䣬ϣͷַεٶȱ졣


920 

һ֮䣬Ѿ
ʱڣﾹǲ֪׷ʲôʱ򣬾ͷеѲ
أأЩˡ
νȡݵǧУ塣
֮ǣǧ壬˸ûʸá
ŷƣ˻µġ
ǧӹһĨЦݣղٶȺÿ죬Ҹȥãȳȥˡ
δһȴû˵
ǧе壬ö⻬ޱȣһͲѰ֮һ۾巭תܿͷһС֡
ʵ̫СˣͿ
ʱǷӦ˹ö徹Ȼˡ
Ǹ߸ϵĴʦȻе壬һȻǴʦ˼ٰ
ʦ㡱˫ȴʼ˵һ仰
βûиһۣǽеĿⶼͶǧϣôˣʲô𣿡
иС֣ҿСǧǸС֣˺þȴûܿ壬ֻա
Ҳһۣǻȥٿ
ǧƴǳһЦá
Ѿûκγ룬˫һֱӵ˵ϡ
ǧӸµؿôˣ㻹ﲻߣ
ߣ۵ġǧٷʧӣֺһ
æӵ𣬵ײײ͸ǧٷ뿪ˣЩģȥǧ鷳ͱǧٷһۡ
Ӳ𣿡ǧٷŭȣΪʲôܶùǣ
ֻҪдʦڣǾ͸޷֣ʦޱȣû֪ʵʵ
һӾȥǧٷ󣬱ЩɰͰ͵ġ
ǧ뿪ıӰ˫ٴɵߵˣǿȥǴլôġ
䣬˾ͽ뵽լС
լӺܴһһ֮ͥԺͷÿһ·ǳһۿȥ֪ǳĹ
û뵽ǧѩȻƴ֡
ۣƯլӣϲ־һǻϲףϲԺǵ𣿡
ǧͷԣԺǵġ
ϲС֣ð
û뵽լӾȻ󡣡ɴɴҲһǧѩôǮҼǵȸ½ļѾˣ꾹Ȼ½չ˵չĲլӲ֪չó
ǧһΣǧѩһ½չˣ
˰ɡɴɴϸ룬ڲʧٵʱǾ½չˣСڳڿ˲ٵ̣⻹㲻ɡ
ǧ۾Ȼô𣿿ΪʲôҪ½չǼȸ½չȸ½ʥŮ𣿻ʵԸ⽫ų
ɴɴ̯̯֣˭֪ǧѩģ˭֪ʲô
ҲǡǧһЦ
ɴɴլڹһ˵ڵȤˣҸղſڵͨһ˵Ļ񡣡
ǧ棬ͨ˭
ɴɴֵڴ䣬ͻȻЦǸŮӺǵʥɽȡ̵ǸŮˣ½ıͽճҪ׽ǣʵСĺܡ
ǧһҲرЦ
ǸŮ˲ԣҪץס
ץס֮أ
̽г
ԣҲ⻰ǧȥ˫ĺҲ֪Щʲô
ǧһۣſɴɴС˼Ҳƾʵ̶µģͻȻسͨʵЩˡ
˭˵ǰɴɴ죬ڰǶԹصˣϾЩҪġ
ǧһЦŰɣճ
ɴɴ˼ۣرֱµ䣬ȴǲҵġ
ȥ԰ơǧ䣬ߵ˺԰С
԰Ÿ󻨻ܣЩѰطǲģǧѩӱֲģҲ˲ٽҡ
ۣЩľ󣡡ɴɴٴξǧѩҲ̫ƴ˰ɣЩľҲǧҡ
Ȼôࣿǧһ
ҼԺҲЩܣֲʱ滨ôҡɴɴʵ˵
ǧˣǧѩòɲôƴְɣ
۾ܸоǧѩʲôѵǺڰ᣿
ɺڰѾͣǻԱŽң


921 ڰζ

ǧܾЩ˼飬ЩҲֻĲ²ѣ򴽣һŵԭˣǧѩǲƴ֣ЩȻҲá
ɴɴգգ۾ѹҾãǧѩЩ֣ͻȻнˡ
ǧ˫ٴһͻȻǮˣֵġǻ֡ǧʲôԵ˰ɡ
ɴɴ򴽰꣬пܡ
ǧʹ̧ʱͼԼҲֻԼ
ǧʱһΣҲƮƮȻ
Ϊ˵鷳ġḧԴͻȻ˵һ䡣
ǧһЦãֻ㡣
һҲһۺɫá
ɴɴֻÿҪˣŰˡ
ǸȻȥˡɴɴͣ½ŲһȥǿСʵ֪᲻еͽױϵ飬иãûУҾѧ˸߽׼˵
ǧͷɣȻȥɡ
ȵɴɴҲƵˡ
ǧıӰЩ֣Ϊܵ죿
֪ҡͷǼŻȥѧϰ߽׼ܰɡ
ǧͷԭˡ
ɴɴһ뿪Ժоʣˣϲֱǣм䣬ʱǿֵһڡ
ˣҿ塣ǧͻȻó
ɫ壬Ө⣬һ֪ʲôƷ
νִ͸չ⻹濴ϿһС֣ϧ̫СˣҲƲС
ֺСЩƲСֽۣϡ
ҲƲСǧ죬ʲô취Ƽдʲôأ
롣δ˼̧գȥںп
ڵĺУ
ǧһ£ãվȥ
ҲҪȥϲ˵ĵطҲȥơ
ǧ𼱣϶ȥġ
ϲЦ֡
ǧͷζһۣж͸¶һĨЦ
ǳǳģЩ磬ӳʱܺÿ
֣ǧļס
ǧ΢һ£ֱӿͷ
Ժվһ˾ͿʼʰլӣǽǰǧѩµĶȫˣµģһʰɾԺǧͷξ͵ȥ׼Եġ
լĳܴʳҲУȥʵģǧûˡ
ܿ׼ãһͬڷгš
ǧִӣŵдһ̫õϢںڰζæ¿ӣΣûŵкһ㲻̫õϢ
΢ȻҲŵˡ
ǺڰζǴӹɢġһ衣
ӣ
ǧŤͷһԵĹӿȥŸһȥǧͷִ͸ϢΪŨ˼֡
ǧšüǻ⣬ΪΣкڰϢ
򴽲֮վȥĵʲô
ãǧҲվ
ϲֱڳԶΧձˣ¿Ҳȥһ̽
ʱѾȽŴˡ
һ˲䣬ںڰϢŨǳ
ǧűӣÿҪˡ
治ɫֽĶһһó
һЩҩʲôԻҩҩֶ˲õҩƷУÿһرģϸûС
ҩƿϻһںڰϢֻһţ˾쳣
ǧŷеҩƷЩҩЧǿӦöƳģϿ϶ҲûУǧѩڹвҩأ
δȴһɫ
ǧĿһ˼֣һΪµĲ²⣬ǧѩڰ˲ƾЩҩǻӶԣЩǧٷǷеأ
һ٣ֵԿ϶ǣЩǧҵѲϵ
ڰΪ飬ɫЩˡ
ףЩƿƿ޹޺ܿ𣿡ϲЩʡ
ǧܿ£ǧ֪𣿡
ϲֵͷӦһԲཱུСΪɰ
ЩҩƿӸôǧһ䡣
ζеĶҩƿӣŰɣ˼ȥ϶ɴ
ɣҿռɡǧӹҩƿӣһԶȫǶ˿ռС
ǸռܺáǳǵЧúܺá
ǧգգ۾ЧóõĶҩǺܿ£
ⳡ־һ˼ȥԷˣܰ˲˿


922 һַܽŴˮ

һߣǧѩȴǼתˡ
ճæûĶҩһ
ЩҩˮƵģҩԼǿϸûУ滹һںڰϢǱǧǷ֣ʵҪ¶ˣ
ǧѩҪˣͺ޲̴լӣЩ
ɷǴȥ϶һʱͻᱻ֣ͶĲ
ǧѩѰЩҩصüΪΣǧӦòֵᷢģ㱻֣ҲʵЩҩһ룬ǧѩࡣ
㡣ǧˮͻȻ·һ
ǧѩͻȻһ
ô·ûģǧѩüԣǹҵ𣿡
ǧˮЩ޹ؽָ⣬ʤ㣬ûҪ㣬ֻǼһվкҶö飬һ鶼û
ǧѩ΢㶣龹Ȼô
Ҹղ飬ͻȻˡǧѩ֮仹ЩԹġ
Ҳǹġǧˮ޹ˣ㣬ʲô˵ĻҲܰ㣿
ǧѩüһ˼֣ܰʲôҪﵹæͺˡ
һ䣬ǧѩת뿪ǧˮͦ˳۵ģ˵ҲСİƵġ
ǧˮǧѩıӰںһ
Ҳ֣ǧѩú־֣Ҳ˵ܸһֺаĸо
ǧˮ۾ЩӺúù۲һ¡
ա
ǧǳԹ緹ȥǵĺС
ַǷ˶ߡ
ںУҶΪ˲Լʵݱ¶ԲŻѡߣǧҲˡ
ϲִߺϲؿΧףְЩ˶ߣźصӣ
ǧһȷʵصĺܡ
̯λ̯λϷŸƷȴͷù󣬿ɻǻȥ򣬶˲Ҫ̫ࡣ
ΣʲôҿϿ̵С𣿡ǧʵ
δŨܵĽëÿǳһˮǵСϵĻͿԽַŴ󣬵ʱܿˡ
ǧ΢΢ס
һˮϾܿС֣
ǲ͸ǰķŴ󾵲½ȻʲôϡٹֵĶС
ţһֽˮˮ͸ģзŴáƿֶϼ٣ֻквС
ԭˣСǧһ䡣
ε
ҵˮ𣿡ǧͷһ䡣
γܿ˿˵ҵˣǱߵӻ
ȥơǧһסε󣬽ӻС
ţеĳ綼Ҫˡ
ԺǧÿƷ涼һֽǧһӾͿڹˮˡ
档ǧЩɰڸЩСȻò
δһˮ
𣿡ǧⶫ
ιǳǳζš
ǧĿУǸȥǮ
ˮǮȥˣѵζ
ףΪߵ죿ϲͻȻ棬Ӧûл׷װ
ס΢٣һЦֻǺˡ
ϲգգ۾СҲһΣѹֻẦߣ˭е̫ÿأҲҪˡ
䣬ϲæסԼͮͮģƻƵġ
δǵЦݲδ£Ũ˼֡
ǧǮ뵽Ц仰һķΣ΢㶣ҲЩΡ
βЦʱһ㣬ȫ¶͸һζһЦ綬ѩֺÿˣ˸׽ĳ嶯
ֱ̫ǧ򴽣߹ȥˣȥɡ
εĺڵڻ⡣
ǧ˫һӺˣ˶ӣƻȥֱӽ
׼ЦˣǧŭһۣҪЦȥٶЦ
գգ۾ܿ콫еЦȥˡ
ڳһӣǧ˿ղŲͰѳֲס˻ȥԺǧȡ壬ˮ档
ˮʱϵС˲䱻ŴҲĳǧǰ
һ̵֣ö˶ǳһǳԴʦֱʡ
Σ㿴𣿡ǧָϵӣЩŵǸ֣ôоּЩء
죿βѯʡ


923 Ҳ

Ǻ죬ͺһǧϸ䣬ͻȻһˣڷַмģˣҵʱ˳ֽ׸óˡ
νȴû˵
ǧռеóϵڷַҵףʱǷַַҵټַѾķˣҵֻס
˵ţǧͽչһ˲ӳС
ǳҼΪÿϵּһģһ
ִֽ𣬵öͺйأһεļ壬ǲ˭Ҳǡ
ǧüҲ˵ҵҲйأ
ƴ
ǧֻԿЩۡ
һʼ֪ԼǧҵŮҲû룬Щ˶ϲϲͲϲɡ
ǣһܸоԼصĶңеѪ﷨ȺҲйأԣҵ˲СҪңлҵ𣿡ǧͷѯʡ
δĬš
ǧͣǸʲôһӶǰһӶ֪Լˣ
ҧҧܾЩ
֮󣬷β̧Ժ󣬻һ˵ĻҲҵĲ룬ϱͻܼҵˡ

ǧֻԴЩѣҲ
ռ䱦ֻһҩؼһ¯ȫûʲôҩĶҾڽɻǸӣûʲôá
Ҳ΢㶣ЩѰ˲Խʱǿ͵͵ŵһˣܼҵãǼܹ黹бİ취ġ
ǧܾ÷뷨ЩܺⰡ
뷨ʱǾ͵͵ţǧﴽЦ
鲻˼֡
ǧͻȻЩʵΣ˵ҸòʧɢŮɣ
ζתǳЦпܡ
ǧЦøˣôͦţƵĲΪʲôᱻǧ˼ȥأǽҶģأ
ֻҵǣ֪
Ҳԡǧֵڴ䡣
Ƕϲֱ죬һԶǧĴѰڸС
ǧֻһأʱͷַϲԼˡ
СԲĹĵģͦأȴҲܿɰ
ôˣǧЦʡ
ϲһСĹĵģǶˣ
ǧĺ󱳣׵أʱǵۿܾͻܶࡣ
ϲƶǶص˵ͷ
ȥӣ
˰ɣǧЦʡ
ϲֲûôСͲˡ
ǧеЦȴк˳
зΣҲзϲָо㡰ʲôʡ
ǧ룬á
˫һΣˮһ͸ÿǳҲá
ǧһĨЦݣ㲻˵ˡ
ʱһСӰ˲ʱ򣬻뵽ǵլС
ҹǧڳղ˵ʱͻȻͷ
һ㶣æǶͷƣɵȥʱȴûκζ˹ǧüܾЩԾ
Ҫ̶ʱ򣬺üͷһšҲһɫ˼˶Ƭֲ̣ɫ̶ʲôûһ
ǰһֱΪˮѾͣˣȴ룬һֱûͣѰһŻ֣ѡʱ֣ǾǵķѾˣԲż¶ġ
ɻǱˣ˭еأ
Ų̣ǧܿС
Уڸϲֽ£һһ˵˳С
ǧ̷ŵϣЦڽأ
ǰϲЦÿɺˡ
ǵȻȳԷˡǧںÿӣü֮ȫ͡
ϲЦ˵ã鶯Сǲޱȡ
ϲָȥУüͷһ𣬡ףЩôŹֵֹģʲôණء
ǧǳ˵һ飬һԼļƻҲ˵˳
ϲȫ˷ܣһúϵġ
ûʲô飬ĿȴǳҲͬǧļƻ


924 Ϊ˰

˾ûһϵСˣųţ˶еĿӣţȻſϣɫǲҰˡ
һ˹ȥ
ιȥʱһСӰͷ룬̽̽˶ȥʱѹһЦһǽ˷С
ʱǧĽëһ£ȴϡ
ˮƹеİ裬ߵ˲ǰּε֪Ѿжˡ
ˮһ䣬Ц޼ɵǧ㺦Ǽһ᳤㻹䵽ˣԱߵλʦҲһҷ¶ûƳ᳤ܱΪ޵𣿼ֱûã
΢Ƭ̣ˮִԲҸµɫζľ綾ֻҪմȾһЩͻ߿ѪСޣ˭ǧĺأ
ɣһȥɣ
᳤ûвˣ
ˮҷŷһҪ̧뿪ʱһ֮ϯһδӦʱ򣬾ͼѾվǰ
ĮȫȻûκжļˮˣɴôûж
ζ
жǶûжһЦŮϸϸƷζȴܸܵе
ˮŤͷͼǧǰЦЦؿԼͷһȫ֮ɫǶûж
ܣģĶҩɫζô֣ᷢ
֪ʲôǧ°͵ҺͱıӶеģֻҪ΢Щŵóʲôɫζ
ˮһ˼
ôܻôıӣ
ӳ¶δʧܹԣںڰᵱϳϣҲΪƶҩĹǳܵõ᳤ʶܳΪڰ᲻ȱٵһ
£Ȼ˵ԼıӺУֻҪһ㶫ųˣֱ¶֮˵Ŀǡ
ϣڵļֵҲֵģ
ˮ֣һʱ侹˵
ǧ°ͣЦ˼֣ôǲǾúܾ棿
ˮ䶯Ŵǣſڵ֪жˣΪλϣ
ǧЦϷԹԳҪ֪ڰǽƻˣҪס㣬ͱͣⲻ㲻Ǳˣ
ˮ˫Ǻ죬ǾȻճ
ǧֵڴ䣬еЦⲻڣǳճѵ¶Ҫ֪ҿ鷳ġ
ˮҪߣɷѾſˣ·ߡ
ǣʲô
ǧվһˮץ˥ڰʵ㲻ƶҩ𣿽ץڰỹ˭ƶҩ
ˮõۣ˰ŵ޳ܣ
޳ܣҲǺڰ˺öˡǧЦ
ˮңޣȫûӳȥĿܣİľôץס
ˮҧгݡ
һͻȻһ
һϲٽǶͶ
һԲĶɫģǻҩΣЩÿǧ۾
ɾʱǸըˣ̳ǶƮɢ
ǧȻɴ۾ạ̃
ǧæסڱǣʱˮѾӳ˷š
η䣬ϡ
ǧһ㣬Ҳ׷˳ȥˣŪСˣ
һʱ򣬷ѾֳˮϮȥˡ
ϵħεħǿżֻ֮ơ
ˮŤͷһŵɫˡ
ʦʲôģȻǿ
ۿϵħҪˮˣʱৡһһˮϵͻȻؼֱӽˮУҲεϵħ⡣
Ǻڰөǧһ
Ϊ˲Ūˮֻ˰˽ϵԲŻᱻˮϵħ⡣
өˡǧվڷ࣬
εҲϵħ
ɫĵÿǳǾˡ
ȻǶˣͱ˰ɡǧЦ˵ڰʧȥ϶˥ʱҵǵϳһٻܡ
ͬصͷ
ɵҪʱؼһЩлһЩ˲þĳɷ֡
ǧһæסڱǡ
Ҳڱס
ɢȥʱԭվԺеˮȻˣǱөˣ


925 ڰҪ

ǧ򴽣Ȼӵ˵Ӧöŵ㣬һΪܵģ
ļ򣬵Ҳңûеһʱ佫Ƕס
ǧüۣ㣬ֺֻܹڰı̫ˣ΢ģܱ˿ӡ
εպǶҪһЩ
ףץ𣿡ϲּû˶ӷ˳
ɼԺпһˣϲֲɻգգ۾ˣ
ǰˡǧЦıǿһʱûӦ
ϲֱסǧĴȣЦû£ԺעһЩˡ
ǧЦǣסС֡
ͬһʱ̡
өѾˮ˳š
ˮөڼͷ˫ͨ죬ֱܴ裬ȻҪ˾ȣ
һȫĵطөŽˮ㲻Ҫ¶ôᱻץסģ
ˮ˫շ࣬ǱƭģǼװж˳һʱûӦͱץסˡ
װж
өһ¶ıͻȻװж
ˮǸǧıӱȹӻ飬ֻҪһţ֪ЩһΪжˣ˭֪µȦ׶ѡ
өԽ㤡
Ů˲ǿȻųʳ¶ˣŮ˶Ǻڰ˵ǸĻ߻иΪķΣ
ϣǺڰĿөҧס˫һʱֻĺܣǺڰĿǡ
˭˵ءˮҧղûе֣ԺǳֿɾأΪͻȻң
өƶǿַǳʱڣҾԲ⡣
ˮһҵƶ챾ͺǿʶࡣ
өĬû˵
ˮ룬ʵˣ᳤飬𣿡
ө˰ɣ͵Ƽҵ˽ҩƺãˡ
ˮִս˼֣˵᳤ȥ׻½ȡһʱһȥɣҲиӦ
ө´ۣǵͷҲԣһҲһӦϾغ᳤Ļָá
ǰˮ̾һ䣬ֻҪ᳤ָǺڰָܻյĻԻͣʱ½Ǻڰġ
өҲһѪ
뵱꣬ǺڰǺεȵĻԻͣɾǰ᳤ˣһ˱꣬ȴδκãֻҪõ׻½һǼһ᳤ȫˣ
өŴ꣬ȡ˵ҩ̶ȥ׻½
ղŵ־һǧ˾ͻص˷С
ǧһӱȾĲȣЩϧһӵĺò˻ǱȾˣǿϧˡ
ǶˣǿԳȥԡγο
ȥԣ
ǧûо
ϲȴǼ۾Ҫȥԣʳɷḻóˡ
ɡǧΣǳȥ԰ɡ
ϲֿĵֱ֡
õľ¥¥ſŵƽʵģź𣬾¥ַǳｻֶ
ף¥ô󣡡ϲ־һһӾϲĶ϶ܺó԰ɣ
ҧָͷֱӡ
˹ͬǣϲֵֽ˾¥Уһ߽һӾ¥д
ǧһ־ȻǼ·ץż棬ŰµŮӡ
ߣЩߣǲˡ
ЩŮӣֶδ³ǳ
ǧЩŮӣǵĴЩҲʥɽҲ˵ЩǷˡ
Ϊ̵ܽץסֱƶᰡ
ǧΣѹЩǷ˰ɣץ޹֮ˣͲ𣿡
ҡͷڳһ޹ءı顣
ǧֿһۣͽĿƿˡ
Щ˶޹ģʱ϶Ὣ˷ˣȥҲֲʲôô
ȥ¥ϳԣǧָָ¥ϵİ䡣
εͷá
ʵڲϲ֣ͷ͸оڡ
ǧ֪룬䴽ЦЦ
뵽ڣǧʼͣŸհѲ˵ãͷִһ
ǧÿ䴰ƣȻ־Ǽһɫɫ۵Ӵ룬·ؿڶһơ֡
˼ֵĺʱͷѾֹˡ
찡ȻƼҵЩҩǣ¥Զ𣿡
ǿǺ簡治Ƽҵҩϣ
ҲܽƼҾͺˡ


926 ׹ˣ

͵͵żҩϣȫĽĹâ
۸ڶһûͶǡ
Χ۵İȫûиоԼˣڷ⣬˷
찡Щĺ磡
˵ǵҩȼѾﵽ˽ˣֲܽƼҵҩϣ
ǧǵĻȫȥ۾
ΪĴ뾹ȻƼҵĳϣȻҩңҩҲ۸ڶȫû˷
쿴ȻƼҵЩǡǧԴ⿴
γһۣ£ûʲôÿģû
ڿԼǧһ죬ҲʱƮ
ʱЩǵ̸С
ǵģַʲô裬ȻЩƳһҩҪǧĵҩǰҹҲô
ǰҲҪô൤ҩʲôĵҩǹģƴҲ֪ͼʲô
˵ˣǸӣûǸµ
һ˽ǳĬ
ϼھͺˣϧϼͻȻʧˣֶε˼ǸǸŭԣҲֻ
˵ţϱ˰ڡ
ǧѾǵ̸ȫȥ۲˵ȻǸǧĵҩΪʲôأ
һѾ뵽ʲô
ǧ˫Ҳζ˹Ҽǵǰ˵ƼмӼΪ֣ÿ¶һʵҩͳҪȡҩˣ
ǡۣͺڰѲϵ
ĺڰᣬҪˣ
ǧ䣬¥ĸ̫ã˵ʲô
ǧ豭ϣϸϸڼ˵Щʲô
ϲ֪£ɵʲôҲû˵
ܿھʹ˵ڵƼһλҩʦֻ˵
ǧĵҩ֪ʱƺãСӾҪȡҩˡ
Ҳ֪ΪҪ㼱ЩӶЩƣߵġ
ܾСʲô˵Ĺ˵һôʵϼ
ˣ˵һ¡һҩʦѹСǰϼûʧ٣Ǳˡ
һڵķΧ㣬͸һĨ
һĬЩҩʦ˵
ģɱϹ˵
ǣμȻݲ̫߹󣬵ǰϼôĸףὫ׹أ
Ҳţʵ̫ˡ
˵ţȫȻǲţҲһĨļɵ
ǧǵĻ˸ţЩȻ
룬˽¾Ȼ˵ġ
һ˵ףȻ˵ĸǱģЩʱѨض³Ȼʲô¶ǴĻ
ǧôЩ˼
ЩӹĵҩȻǵźڰȡģҲ˵϶ڰ˹ϸټ˵ôǺڰᡣ
һڰᶨȻȡ֮λôǰϼʧйҲ˵׼
ǧĦϵĲ豭һ
ϴ½ʹǰϼһ棬һλ࣬ڳĻһ֪̫ø㣬Ľ֮λ
ԣǰϼסĸʺܴ
ڵڼ˵һͻȻһת˵˳Ķķ羰á
ǧ۾Ҳȥˡ
뵽ʲôǳʣǰ״á
ǧƿҾãƼҵǰϼ汻ˣҲ˵
ζüۣڵ˫ͬˮţô˵
ǧղ뵽˵һ顣
ζһһϵĺ촽ŵͷͦǰƼҲڰΪǻ
ǧ۾䣬Ҽϼһ棬һĻϺ꣬źڰǾԽԽܿˣԲŻᰵİɡ
Ҳʶͷ
üһͶڰ³
ǧ֧°ͣЦǰͶ˺ڰ͵ħΪ飬ħϲĵɸɾ
䣬뵽Ǹ䲻ǰϼǧк֮ͬɫ
󲻽ǰħΪȷᱻɵһɶ
ףڰôģϲֽĶ£һ䡣


927 ʵ

ǧйغڰһȫ˵һ顣
ϲһɴ˫찡ÿ£ǲǶǻˣ
ǧͷȫǻˡ
ϲٴһܿϾͳһɫô϶ܽ˴򵹵ģԲԣ
ǧЦԴǰ׺͵һὫ˴򵹵ġ
ϲﴽСǽ֮ɫ֪׺͵ġ
ǧַ£ϵĲյ˵ҪҩȥˣǺȥƣ
ˮө˳ڣƾΪҩֹܴǧ۾۲һΡ
ɣǾȥһ٣֪뷨ֵֹܴڰʧȥҩ𡣡
ǧЦü䣬Ǿ뵽һȥˡ
βȴǻζͣ
ڵȥӱͿŹŵ
ǧ󣬲۾ЩƼҵҩʦѾԺóȥˡ
θһ䣬Ѿȥˡ
ʱϲҲӷ£Ҳ˲ͣףҲԺˡ
ھͻȥǧһ䡣
ϲЦŵȥ뿴Ҳʵ
죬һʵڿռûأҲ֪涼Щʲôϲһ뵽ӵһԼļ飬ͷǳˡ
ãȥǾҲʵǧͻȻҲЩڴЩʵðģ϶ȫǼƷļƷҲֻпˡ
ƣÿһŲʵܻرʱͿԹ᳡ˡ
ȥԺǧͽֲʵȥ˳
Щʵ඼ֳСģѵм鳤÷ǳҲ˵ˣѿĲһûкö
ʵʱǧܱԻˡ
ĿŲʵأǧЦһ䡣
һšϲּһŲʵŲʵʮϣܻῪҪļ飡
ǧǿűѡеĲʵ𣬵ãǾһš
ϲֱֵ֣۾һֱеĲʵš
ǧսʵһǣһƮɢǺŨȻǸ߽׼飬һͽ׵ġ
ܿϵϵϵϵϵֹħǵͽ׵ģҲܶҡ
ʵҵһ룬ʵͷƮɢЩǧܸܵͷһЩϵԪء
ĻʵӦǵͽϵ顣
ǧʼҲʵ
һˡһһǳɫɫڵأȷǵͽϵħɡ
ϲϵľ壬Цöܲ£ˣףǵͽϵ飬ͱħ䣬Ҳмˡ
ˣǧ΢΢һ٣˵Цǲˣڵ̳ǵʱǲҲ˵ͽϵͻϵЩõİ
ϲСֳһĨӲ
Ӵ
ʱȷҳ˵ͽ׻ϵϵʱҪأɳ˸һ˾͸ˡ
ԣղô˷ǸʲôеɵŶϲֲϱȻԼС֣ǿϣ˽ղɵɵģףֻ̫ˣһҲɵ
Զԣ㲻ɵǧЦŽ龧ͽ׵Ļϵϵȥѧϰɡ
ϲֱ壬ֱֵͱžȥطѧϰˡ
ǧŲʵ˼飬ҳĴ඼ǵͽ׼飬ϵϵϵӶ࣬ˮϵϵָûС
ȻҲ֪Щ߼Ǯû
ǧǰļ龧壬ЦС춼ϲ£ˣôྦྷ壬õ᳡ĻȻ׬һǮ
һּʼҲʵ
μٷУɫǳǳһΣ˲ֹƽֻӵĹֻͣӲͬѰͨħޡ
ʱǧһŲʵʼҡ
һСǣһɼΪŨɢ˿ǧһͷҲһ£ǿŵӦǸ߽׼ˡ
ǧһ´ֻ꣬
ģȻЩиܵϵԪأȻɴ۾иҲΪ˼֡
϶ϵ߽׼飡
ȱǱ飡
ǧ˫Ȳ뽫ʵȫҿЩҵԼָϡ
μˣüͷСһЩŲʵģܡ
ǧϵļивȥ˼֡
ӽʵҿһáˡһʵľôԤ׵
һɫģдϵľ塣
֮ϻһδ˵һ㽻ɷǺÿ
Ǹ߽ϵħ


928 ȥ᳡

ǧЩؽϵľҲΪ̫üβ㽫еľڵأסˡ
Ѿеʱǧеļ֮ÿҪ
㿴𣿡ǧеľ壬Ц绨Ǹ߽ϵ飬ҿѧϰˡ
εڷһǳǳĲ
ǧֵؽа棬ϸϸ·ҪƵģΣھѧ߽ϵܡ
õĺӣΪеҪѧĶ
ȥѧɡοĿˮ
ǧڵϣﻹǿž壬̽룬ܿԺ֮бһƬǺӡ
Ǻ֮һƬɫĹâ˸ͣҫ۵Ĺâ֮УǧӲӵҫϡ
ЩƮǧδüӦʱЩ徹ˢˢһӾںһҲˡ
ৡһ£ǧȻľڵмɫĹâ˸ϵĹâ
Ѿ۾γʵѧˣ
ǰǧﴽеϵâҲȻȥѾѧˣҸоȫ
߽ϵħʹ֮γٲ̬֮ҪȦһУ
߽׼ܷεҲùǿޱȣֱӽڵħ޵˽̿
ǧԼƣ˫鶯ǳ߽׼ܽպһЩˡ
ϲǳ
ǧ̲סڷһڣּҲʵȥˡ
ǵ͵ܷ۲һΣЩεҡҡͷָȴڱ׹
ǧ½½˲ٵͽ׼飬ʲôϵϵϵϵҲкö౾ÿڽңǻϵģǿ֮ﰡ
ǧֺǺǵž壬¶ЦݣΣ㿴ҿ˺ööྦྷ壬Ƿˡ
׬ǿһߵĽɽ
ǰǷˡ˳˼ǳЦ˵һ䡣
ǧסϵľ壬ԵھһȦΣкöö༼飬ǲӦýŵ
νֵ°ʹô༼飬ȫŵ᳡϶޴ɧңҾãǻǷɢ**Ϻá
ʵ͸ִĶʯһǾһֶģӮ˾ͷ˾Ѫ޹飬ɼʹǶӮˣҲֻܴпһƷһӿôࡣ
ִһóʮţƵȥ϶ˣҲԻɧ
ǧ˷εĻ󣬱ͷûǵȷӦ÷ɢײֻͨ밲׬Ǯɲʲôɧҡ
οڵ½ߣֻһ伫᳡ǿóһŴ򿪷кǿԻȸ½ȥ
ǧæͷɣô졣
ʵȫҿʱǧֿһЩͽ׼飬ʮ߽׼顣
߽׵ϵϵϵͱϵЩħ飬һϡ
ǧ򴽽ǣ֮еļɫֶ˼֣㿴ҳ˲ٵͽ׼飬ʮ߽׵أ
ɷͷҲһůǳЦˣ
ǧӇNɪСȫſЦ⡣
βķ
ʱ򣬷ϲҲЦܹף鶼ѧˣڱøˣ
ǧЦſϲֵҼұСС;Ѿѧ˵ͽ׼ܡ
ˣҪʮӵʱѧİɣãһӶѧˡ
Ͼֶǿġ
˭ǧ̬ҪʲôʲôһӾóֱ࣬˱˷ϲֱʮֵ⣬ˡ
ǧС°ֽͣҳļȫ˿ռУռܴ󣬾һٱҲǷŵµġ
Σȥ᳡ЩɡǧͻȻھȥģһɫѾˣʵڲ
μ㼱УǳЦãվȥ᳡
ǧϵЦٴš
β֣ͷ
ǧ۾ʶڷļ˲䡣
˫һΣ˲˼֣ǧҲųһĨЦ⡣
ǧеЦ⣬˼˲ЩȻ
Цӿÿ
ٴ֣ķɫˣȥЪϢɣ


929 ȥͳ

ðǧЩ㱵Ŵꡣ
ϲҪЪϢͻϲϲͷȥڵķˡ
˵Ҫѿռ׺͵˵СܵܣСأ
˵СܵܺСÿɺˣȫģǰǵĶˣ໽УصĻޡ
Ȥ
ϲЩ˷ܵţһ˫۾Ҳģһϵǳ֮⡣
ȷϲߺ󣬷оʣǧͷˡ
ǧӻѹ֪Ϊξ˫Щ췢̣ʶԼһ˲־Щߡ
˷οһƬڵҲƻһǳȥЪϢɡ
ǧͷ񲻽Щ㡣
̫ÿˣЦʱٶ࿴ۣ»ƲסԼ
ڴϵʱǧ۾ôҲ˯ţıǷϵı㣬ЩζǼ⣬ŵ㱡
ʱκԤ׵Ĳͷ˾ôĿˡ
ںڰУε˫ޱȣż֮ɫЩЩмܲס
ǧһͱס㶵صɴôҲѲˣͻȻʲô
˯뿴㡣ʵ˵û뵽Ҳû˯š
ǧ˳Ľë˲ͶһƬӰҲЩ˯ţ뵽ղſļ飬Щ̫˷˰ɡ
εЦ˫˲糾һĨŻ˵ζ
ǧ򴽣ˣɴ۾۵˵һ䣺Ц
Ī˫ǽţΪʲô
ǧû飬ͷƤҲҧݺݵ֪֪Цܷ棬˺뽫˵Ȼ
䣬ǧЩڡ
ôоԼЩķסƺЩ΢ɫǧ䴽Цͬ磬ε
գգ۾ǰ״Щˡ
ǧ۾ܾ֪ʣ㲻֪
ЩãȻҡҡͷҪʾһ飿
ãȻһֻСƵģǧ򴽽ǣЩѪڣ
üһӷֱӿ˷ε䲿λðھΪʾһ飬ɱŵÿ޳
ǳЦ˫ȴȷǳ
ǧ۾׳Ӹӡ˷εϣ˼ںǧΪƵüڻֻǿθСˣҸϵˡ
˫ȴż˷ܣڵȴ˵ĵ
ģ̌˫ЩеϹ˫˺ģһԵĲε˫סˡ
˭һֱڿңӰҷӵģǧһȻҽ۾סˣǧ͵͵ժ£֪𣿡
ںڰ֮бΪΪܻЩµġ
ɷξüͷûһ£Ӧá
ǧһӾͽ˫סˣ΢˫żȣżı㣬ЩһֱǧΧ˶ƮƮȻ
ҲֻǿθСˣ²£ǧƵʡ
ƴ΢ĴȾһɫ¡
ߣӹ󰡡ǧеƸԣһѳε½һ˫СҲŸȥ
ļȣֹ⻬ϸ壬һĽʵУȥָзǳ
ǧߺСֲͣĦвµơС˶²°ǧͣ
˫סԴ˼֣ļʱһ֮Ҳ˺öСܿͱиȾˡ
ʱһҲŷʲô嶯Ҫƶ
һӣλʲô鶼ûУǧ죬Ҳʧ£ӷϷ㵨ӹܴ󣬿ûҲ˯
Ҫ˯ȥʱȴûпѾ⿪ˣԭγȴǲһĹ⡣
ǵĿͬҰޣֺˡ
ǧҪӣȴоԼֺסˣһæͷȥһεɫѾˣҲͻͻͻ
ΰôˣ
ǧŹ֪ʵ
ƿ꣬ɤɳƵĲ񻰣֮󣬾ܣ
ܣֻ˯˶ѡǧɴŬҪƱ硣
ηϣһѹϣ˯ȥ齻ͳɡ
ȥ飿


930 ȥ

ǧգգ۾ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ˫պһףΣҲ֪˵ʲôЩ
û˵ж֤Լ᲻
ȵǺǧϣ˲佫ǵκġ
ǧͣһ˲Լģûˡ
ʲô

ǧЩյգգ۾ϵһ˹һӾѹӿĳ嶯Ҳٽûˡ
֪ȥᷢʲôǧŴ꣬ͬˮһ˫Ρ
һκͷǸʱ򣬻ȸ½ȥûˣ΢Щоˣζɲס
Ȼڣξȫûɲ˼
ǧëһ΢Щ£ҲһЩ󣬡ΣǰܼʱɲסԣҿΪ㲻ңɽգΪʲôɲˣ
δĿƽ̹СϣеİɫȽûбˡ
Ҳ˵Ϊ˱İȫŲǧ΢ţ΢Щ㱣ɵӦʱ򣬺°Щʡ

漴ȥľٶ߽ƲУеɫҲٳٲɢȥ
ڶգǧһů˹
Щѵֻ̧֣ûЩģʹȴɬֶ̧
ˣѴãϾ
ǧͨ죬ôһ綢ʲô֪ˣ
ǳЦһˬģò
뵽ҹĿҰǧ˫˲ƻͦõľǼЩѡ
ǧʶ˶ӣϵıͻȻ䣬µЩۼ˲䱩¶ڿУһ˲䱻һ
ޣ
û뵽ʵķξȻôޡ
ǧҧҧ˫Щ
ζϵĺۼ˫ЩһĨһ
ǧһæϣҲܿ콫Щۼסˡ
Щۼˣε˫Ҳָ˳ɫֱǸ߸ϵˣƿǲվͱȥ᳡˰ɣ
뵽ǶǽӲӵĽңǧ˲Ѫ˵˵ĺܣЩɬֻҪһŵҩָܻˡ
һŵҩǧʼ¡
εĿһֱϣȡ
ǧװûܿʹˡ
ˣνĿջأеҲɢ˲١
ȥԷǧ䣬߳˷š
䴽Ҳȥ
Ժ󣬾ͿѾڲǰķϲ֣ϲֳŲе緹һнŲ̧ͷ
һ׺͵㴹ӿЦ
ЦЩģһи˿
˵ˣô϶С˶Ϊһµĺӣ㶮÷ǳ࣬ʱҲҪװ
ףΪôϲգŴ۾ΪǺþˣ
ǧ뵽ʱ򣬽Ųһ٣СҲ˺Σһŵ׺͵ֻ˯ͷ˶ѣÿء
ϲһĨЦݣٺٺ٣һֱġ
ǧЦһôоԼұЦЩأ
϶Ǵ
Թ緹Ҵȥ᳡ʶһɺãǧЦһ䡣
ϲȻ֪᳡ʲôط϶Ǻܺĵط֣ҪȥǸʲô᳡ȥͺܺ棡
ȷܺ桱ǧһ
һּȥʱЩ˶Ȼʱǳֺ
ΪҪȥ᳡ϲ˲ӿ˳Էٶȣ緹Ժһαװųš
ϾǴñ¶Լʵݣ
ᳵ·ؽǴȥ˳᳡ҲΨһһ᳡
ȥԺӵ˲䴫ϡ
ǧŤͷһ᳡ˣһΣԽջʲôѹᶫ
Щѹᶫļ
ǧ䴽治Щϲ
ʱһģߵǰλĶģģ
ǧǰĹ£ġ
˾ʹź£Ҳ棬˿ǵǺģ
¶ǵĴҲûκֻҪóöͳˡ
´Ǽֵۣ֪λҪʲôĹҪġ
ǧĦģҪһЩ顣


931 ţƵļ

飿
һһ£뽫
ֶóһܳΪѹ֮Ȼ᳡ҲѹᶫҪ뼼ȣֵһᡣ
ǰһЩ顣ǧһ˵ɵġ
һЩ
飿
Щѣ
һЩ飿ЩɵؿǧʵһЩж٣ܷ񽫼óһ飿
ǧһּȡϡ
һӴļɢ˿Щɫľ˲ӳ˹У¿ۻң˫ҲԲˡ
ΰǰЩ˵Ҳʮ౾ɣʲôͽϵϵϵ಻ʤ߽ϵ鶼С
ſˮһʱʼѹˡ
찡
Ȼ᳡ÿñ಻һӳЩ༼ҲǵһοоȻи߽׵ϵħ飬ֶֻвܿ
ǵҪЩȫ²ָ⣬һһԼ
ǰҪǧɵʲô𣿡
ΪҪı⣬æȫû⣬СҲǵһμô༼飬߽ϵҲУһʱ伤Ķ˵ˡ
ǧЦ֪˿ЩʱᱻŻġ
ûнͽ׻ϵȡȻ¹ƻᱻŻ
´ƣСһ䣺λˣЩʱʲôҪ𣿡
ǧڰ֣ĵûʲôҪֻҪܽЩͳˡ
˵Щǹħļ飬λˣСҪЩΪѹǿ𣿡
ѹ
Щ鱾ܲȻѹᡣ
ɰǧӦһҿ᳡˺ö࣬ûнǵѹ֮ʲôأ
ⱾҲʲôܣºԥͿڵûп˵ļ飬ǽҪһʦƵĸ߽Ʒģ
ʦ
ǧ˼΢΢һΣѲƳģ
Ǹʦҵ𣿡ǧͷζһۣһ䡣
⼸ۣ΢΢㶣ŸЦƳİƮСطŪõƵĶ
ŶǧüһеĲҲƽϢλʦƵİƺģ
ЦиԼңǱ½ңԴʦ֮ƵǳҲǳƷƽҪԴʦƵҲѣͻȻ᳡ȻҪѹ֮ˡ
ǧЦЦǼƷȷܵѹ֮
ô༼飬ԴʦƵҲûôۡЦ˵һ䣬ȡһ鲼ӣϵľȫװ˽ȥ
װԺ󣬹»ЦλѾ᳡ĹˣСĹСĺðǰŹ᷿
Ȼй᷿ǾͲһ˼һˡ
ǧһԴҲǺģǾǰ·ɡ
ǰΪǴ·һľģ
ܿͽǴһ᷿ſڣλˣ᳡Ϊһᣬƽﲻ⿪ţɽҲֻǲʸ뵽ͷ
Ĺ᷿
ǧһתȻǰ᷿쳣ͷĸװﶼﭵģۣһ֪رֵǮĶ
ЦŽŴ򿪣˲䣬ޱȵװӳУǧ΢΢һ˵Ȼװεȴûô۾Żͦġ
λˣɻ⣿Ʋǵı飬ֻСһ䡣
û˵ڻķϲҲܰɡ
ǧƿܺãǺ⡣
Ǿͺá˿ֵλˣһǻὫĽҸ͹ҪʲôĻֱӽм۾ͳˣĶҲ˰ǲõġ
ΪЩ飬¶Դʱľľ
ǧĦϵĲ豭ǳɡ
ٴһЦλûʲôˣСľȥˣСľͷʲô£һͳˡ
áǧüɺܵ
˳ȥ
һߣϲƨƨܹסǧСȣ׺ղ˶Ǻù
ǧķǿóô༼飬ԲŶ㹧ġ


932 ϴ赤ҩ

ϲߺ˼ֵҲˣһҳô༼ģ
˵Щʱ򣬷ϲϻһС
ǧ󣬴ǲСҲ˲١
᷿ڣ˿ȥϵαװ˵Ҳʱ¶˿С
ϲֿһûαװĸоúð
ǰǧһ¾ڵ˫ײһȻ飬˫ٴκ˺졣
οϵĺΣǲǳǳҲƶһ㲨
ٺÿǧ˫ն͸ˣٽĿ˻ϵĺɫҲȥ˼֡
ζĲѾʼˣ㲻𣿡
ǧʶѾʼ̽ĿͶȥ濴µѾʼˡ
ȿʼģһЩƿװϴ赤ҩǳɫҺڲƿ΢΢ζţǧֻҪһۣƳЩҩӦǳƼ֮֡
Ƽҵϴ赤ҩҲҪʼ
ûãƿϴ赤ҩͱǧƣ
ǧΣüͷЩвɣϴ赤ҩҲǳ֮бҪ
˵ƼѾϴ赤ҩ
ǧµòƼһĲϴ赤ҩˣ÷ּҵҲҪϴ赤ҩһǶϴ赤ҩ͸ˡ
׼̻ÿ춼᳡뼸ƿϴ赤ҩ࣬ȴĳ߼ۣΪкö
ȻЩǧȴ֪
ģǼƿϴ赤ҩǧĸ߼ˡ
ǧˣӲתתɲһɫȾۿΣ˵ϴ赤ҩȥĳһߵļ۸񣿡
ܸӡǳĿȴͶϡ
ǧռڵϴ赤ȡЩ˲ϴ赤ƿɣÿһƿжʮţеһŹƶҪʮǧˡ
򴽰꣬ǰҩƿӿʼˮˣЩǽңӲӵĽң
ҪЩǧȻΪ˲ùһҾϴ赤˵
ţҲɾ޴䶯ˣ
ǿϴ赤ʧĵҩҩʲôǰͲֵһᡣ
κľҪȥ˰ɣѾαװ¡
ǧЦˣԼαװһͰѹ½˽
ˣкηԸЦһ䡣
ǧŵҩݵǰ£ŵҩ
˵ҩһ£ʵЩҩɣƼҾ򵽣ֻϴ赤ҩ̫һЩҪܹõ֪׬˲٣
֪Ҫʲôҩ´һӾͿϷŵԲҩɫĵҩÿһŵĳɫǼõġ
滹һŨζһȥ֪Ѱ֮
ʲôҩΪξЩϤЩİأ
´ƣһ䣬֪ЩʲôҩС׾ЩƲ
ǧֵڴ䣬һβŻ˵Ŷϴ赤ҩղϴ赤ҩкܴĲͬҩЧӺãԣҲ󡣡
ָһЩѹˡ
죬žȻʧѾõϴ赤ҩֲûϤİΪǰֻͼϿ
ϴ赤ʵǰҪˡ
˫ξһ仰˵ˣ⾹Ȼϴ赤ҩΪֻǴ˵еĶû뵽гһվȻܼ
㣬Ҳ޺ˡ
ٳٲ˵ǧ۾ɿ˵Ϊβ˵ѵΪ⼸ŵҩǼٵ𣿡
ǻҡͷЩŵЩҩ㣬һ֪ʲôƷСĸһʲôСֻ𾪺ͲѣϾʧѾõĵҩû뵽оȻţʵЩ˼顣
ǧ󣬴ǲţкöţȫˣư
˿̣Щϴ赤ҩ𣿡ǧһ䡣
ԣȻԡͷʮټϴ赤Ҫĺñʵ̫ˡ
Ȼܶǰģƻ᳡ʷֵһ죡
Щϴ赤ҩȻкЩҪġСϴ赤ҩŽУ½ǸŪˣλ˷ģЩϴ赤ҩĳһü۸ġ
ǧȫģЩϴ赤ҩЧҩǧٱôһü۸


933 ǲѹ

´ŽУСλˣСȽЩϴ赤ȥˣЩϴ赤ͬһΪѹ
ǧڰ֣ȫȥˣȥŰɣûʲô⡣
æŽ뿪ҲһõЦ⡣
վȻϴ赤ҩˣһõͷ
ʱỹڼЩгıȻͦǧҪģԴЩȱȱ
ʱһúţƵĳ˻ϣ˵ꡣ
찡Դʦ𣿡
ŸԶܲǼƷرʺʹã
⾹ȻԴʦƽҪһԴʦƵѣû뵽վȻ᳡Ҫ
ΪԴʦȴһƽ᷿УۼҶΪģһϲҲ
Ϊѹĳһü۸
ʱǧҲĿͶ᷿ĳϡ
ǱĻ㾫£ҲܲȷܳƵϼƷ֡
ǧԾЩ⣬ͣλԴʦƵȷɸƵһȣʵЩԶˡ
ϲҲչЦѽѽƵĶɺˣϴС׾أ
˵ţϲƿԼ½ǣһ˲Сױ¶˿С
δһ濴ϵСףСżΪʵԼֱѾ˼㣬Ļ׸Ѿ񼶣Ļۡ
µַȷõĺܡƴȥμĻȻȡõһ
ǧԺһҲ֪»᲻μӣʱܽҵǾٺòˡ
ǰӺСû뵽쾹ȻǿǧͷֹȾºֶϵǾʲôˣͻȻЩ棿
ο᷿⣬û˵
˵ᱻٽߣǧΣһ䡣
λƿƣᱻǧϰɡ
һ䣬ȷԾǧļ۸һҵˡ
ǧ΢㶣󳯷һĴָⶼܲ³
ǳЦеɫҲΪ˼֡
ǧһֻۣһѣӿ
ȥԺ˻Ϊѹ֮ȥѾûжҪˣ뿪
ڼԴʦõԺҲ㣬Ҳ뿪ʱ᳡ĹͻȻվڸ̨ϣλȲҪ뿪᳡͵ѹ֮ûóλұ֤ȥƷǰһ
һ˲ЩȻ
ǱΪԴʦĳѹ֮ڹȴ˵ͷѹ֮Ҫ֣Ҳ˵ǼѾԴʦĳȥˣʲôأ
Ȼ˲²׷ףȴʼѰһȷ𰸡
ڸڰԴʦһѹ֮Ҫɫࡣ
óʱ᳡˵Ὣĳѹ֮񵽵ʲô˼
᳡ڼ˵ĳЩ
Դʦҧгݣ彫´˽
¼ԴʦʵԴʦʲôԸ𣿡
Դʦŭ˹¼ۣȵ᳡ô£ӦңҪǵĳΪѹڣͻȻŪʲôǲǸøһͣ
ԴʦͷѾף˫ڸǻǲ֮¶ɫ˾úܲ
±ģһ֯ԣԴʦĳǺܺãѾŵĳһˡ
˵˵Դʦŭȣ׵üëҲһһǲͻȻŪʲôŽѹô£
һܻģü
ԴʦĭӺɣ᳡ڼ˵ƵǽȥҪĶ𣿡
º䴽Ц᳡û˵ֻЩǸղŲŵģ᳡Щֻܷˡ
Դʦɵۣ
üֵԴʦ㻹ʲô뷨ЩԺϣǷĳҪá
ԴʦԲ˫Ŀ⻰ʲô˼
Щ޹գգ۾ûʲô˼ֻԴʦԼ϶ѣˣЩϾҪˣԴʦһҪϸˡ
䣬뿪ˡ


934 ~

Դʦϣ첱Ӵֵģʲôǣ
ʱЩѹıһ˳ٴεϸ̨ΪЩʮ౾飬еͽ׵ϵϵϵһ߽׵ϵ飬ҪģԾ
һȻɴ۾ֻ̨һ鲼ľۣ嶼ǳɫģͨӨּΪÿǿɫЩľ壬ȻǸ߽ϵħ飡
߽װǸ߽׵İڳЩϵħʦ˲ˣұ½ûҵһϵ飬񣬼龹ͻȻǰôܲ
찡ö༼飬ⱲӶûô༼顱
ͽϵϵϵǹħ飬Ǳ߽ϵ򣬵˭Ȼô༼ó
ǰһܵõô༼飬ʵ̫ˡ
һ궯᳡в˶ˣŸ̨ϵļ鲻ţ
Σǵ𣿡ǧ˫ֳͷϳţҾ֪ǻΪ֮ģʱֻҪǮͳˡ
εͷһ䣬ǰֻҪǮͳˡ
ǧ棬Цü䡣
ʱ򣬼ѾʼˣȾĵǵͽϵ飬½ϵϵħʦĶ࣬ⱾһӾͱڽҡ
ңǧЦ۾гһ죬۸񳴵ĺÿ죬һ͵Ҫʮڽˡ
ǧĻ䣬Ǳ黹泴ʮڣ
浽ʮˣǧЦһ˫۾Щսε˫֡
־䣬һůĴ˲ű˴ˣǧ۾
δ˫С֣Сְָϸþ͸һƯǳ½ϵϵħʦͦ࣬ЩӵܣⱾͽϵܻǡ
һ䣬Ȿϵ龹Ȼʮڣ
ǧΪеЦÿҪֹסˣȻˣõ᳡Ȼȷѡ񡣡
ϵ鱻ʮڵʱ㲻ˣǧ죬ЩȱȱؽĿ˻ȥ
ΪǵضⱾϵʮڵļ۸񣬱һӵˡ
һϵ鱻ߣһϵ鱻˳Щ˻ûڿϵˣǲɴ˫֮Ҳƺ˸һƻ档
һΣǾҪ
᷿ڲϾۣ᷿ڵԴʦȴһš
ȫû뵽ѹľȻô༼飬ͽ׵У߽׵ҲУȫǹ͵ħ飬رʵá
Դʦһóļ飬ŵָⶼˣԹƣʮ౾죬⵽ʲôˣȻһóô༼飿
ԴʦԲ˫ĿͻȻԼЩǰֵһᡣ
뵽ղԼ͹±粵ӣ;Լô
ܲù¶ģԭ˰ʱͽ׼ѾȫȥˣϵĶʮڽңϵϵʮңűͽ׼һ˰ϣֱܶѵüɽˣ
ԴʦǰһУ΢΢һȴʲôҲû˵Ҳûʸ˵ˣٴ켸ѳҲûЩţơ
ͽ׼ˣǿʼ߽ϵ顣ʱ᷿ͷĹֿʼ˵ˣ߽ϵ׼һڽңڿʼġ
߽ϵϵϵħǷˣ
ǵĵȼһֱͣͲǰǵõⱾ߽ϵĻǶȻͻƵģҸ߽ϵϸͲǽմˣܾһӣ
ЩС˻ȥýңԸС˽еֵǮȫˣȫڱˮһս
ǧ궯Цһ˫۾ǹΪ߽ϵֻһɣ֪ͷϻмƻѪġ
ǾȥѪͷһ˫忡ڷ·ֻһˡ
ǧʶüģЦԽԽˣ˵ǲǸѧģ
΢٣ƿ꣬ɤЩˣǰҵֻ㣬ѧҸ˭ѧأ
ǧ㶣˲Уһһˣǰġ
β
ǧû˼תͷ᷿ᡣ
ʱ߽ϵѾʮڽˣڲơ
ǧͷýζ
βϿδӦʱһڡ
ǳǳһǣ˲佫ǧ˼˻ȻΣдһĨţû뵽㾹Ȼģոǲ͵ң


935 ǰ~

οк׺ǳûУס
䣬ٴ˫ǵ˹
ǧ΢㶣ûнƿЩƵ۾
βû룬ǳһ±ֿˣôǲǹģ
˫ڳγʳЩʱҲһ͸¶һɽС
ǧ̿ˮ˫ߵЩ죬ǣȷǹģ˰ɣ
䴽ǹ㣬Ϊÿ˼֡
ۡϲСϣ׺͵ףߵõɴ˫֮󾹿ɵЦ
Ӧþ˵õ飬ʱӦŬԼΣԲܴŵǡ
ϲ飬ҷ죬ȴЩȡ
ǧ۾ͻȻЩԾŤͷϲֿȥô㲻ϲֵ𣿡
ףˣ
ϲЩӲصɴ˫ӹµһתŬԼƽף뿴֣ϵĵģɺóˣ
ϻкö̵ģϲֵĴǱҲкöĵмһ֪͵˲١
ǧٿ䴽ЦɣȳԶɣ뿴֣Լ֪𣿡
ϲͷ֪ˣ֣
ǧֽĿͶ᷿⡣
ʱЩ˻ھģ۸Ѿʮڽˡ
۸Щȴ¾вƣЩӵѾ۾ȫûһ˼
ֻһҪ㾡ҲҲҪ
ʮڽҡ
ʮڣ
ʮڡ
м˷ԽԽ¡
ʮڽң
ʮڽҡ
ʮ壬ʮ壡
ǧԴ᷿Ƶýζ߽׵ϵ龹Ȼô࣬лҪࡣ
ζĲգ߽׼鱾Ͳ࣬ټϵħʦͦ࣬ɮٵģȻҪһˡ
еǧһָɲ÷ǳ
δеǳǳζš
Ǳ߽ϵȻԾʮڵļ۸һߣõ߽׼ʱ˷ܵشҲЩ㱡
򵽸߽ϵˣҵʵܸһ¥ˡ
ӱżתߣϻȥѧϰҹζࡣ
ۼˣǧЦһ˫۾ʮڽңЩǮҶڳðüҵҩˡ
˵ҩӣǧѧԺǱ߿ǼӣҲ֪ˣѾ뿪֪꣬Ǽӻڲˡ
֪ʲôͻȻ˵Ǽ䵤ҩӻڣǰȥʱ򣬷ѾѰҵ˽ҩ;Ȼûǰܹ࣬鲻ᵹģȥ֮Ǽӵֻůˡ
ǧ˫һߵˣȻѧԺǱߣȥȸ½ɺã
Ӧһá
᷿ⲻ߶Ӱǧɫ˲Щ㱣ʵЩһֱûʣѧԺڰģǲľ̴Ϲʦ
ʵڲԸȥôϹ˭Щ˾ϲ߹ӡ
΢˫ĮƲ
ǧ˫ȭüͷҲŽΪʲô
񻹼ǵãһνѧԺʱľ̴ʩѹϹģʱ;øмޱȡ
û뵽ĵһˣȻﹴ˺ڰᣬʵ벻
ƿ꣬һһ䵭˵ϹһֱаĽ֮飬ȴձħˣΪðԼݺð˺ĵزΪУϧһֻѡ
ǧ۾ȻΪɾΪ飬ҲؽԼڰýһźˡ
˵ףϹ̫˽һЩ
ϹڹϧѾˡδ˳ĽëҲһ
ǧߣˮЩ飬Ǻھֲģأδˣ
ȸ½С
ǧʹĬû˵
ļͷοš
ǧһܿͻָ˹ʦˣ
ѾףµѧԺĵʦףǳɵĵϰ߻ûܸĵȾӣÿƵʱܻ߶㡣
ǧͷͷһڣ߶𣿡
ǰ̾ϢƺЩԶѾˣпգȥɣ


936 ˭ϴ赤

ǧӣͻȻЩɬˣϾҵĵʦҪȥƽġ
֪ʱȥȸ½ʱӦ˳ȥưʱżΣǽһˣЩա
ָ⣬ߵܴܿãǺܻܿȥġ
ãǧһĨõЦݡ
һֻۣЩ㱡
ʱٴվ̨ϣλȲҪߣ᳡һûó
һٴνŲ¡
Ȼж
ǰڴʱ򣬸ûдѵ뼼һǰ·ȥġ
˵Ǳȼ黹ҪţƵĶ
һתת˲֮Ҳ˼֡
ʲôȻŪأ
ǰûм󣬵᳡ơ
Щóɣɱ˷ǵʱ䡣
һЩͷģǧЦ
ȻǱȼ黹ҪĶǿʧѾõϴ赤ҩһžϴ跥ǣ̥ǣЩģ϶ü϶ȼ黹Ҫü֣
û˵ֻһЦһд˿
һ˲䣬Ũҩζ᳡ЩҩζлһɼΪŨֻҪһţܸоˬҲӿ˳
һȻ̨ϰڷŵҩŵҩɫģ⻬Өһ֪ƽ֮
죬ʲôҩȻôŨصҩζ
ôöҩЩϤĶһ
Ҳú￴
˲²׷ס
ʱ᳡еһ᷿ƿĭɴ˫ŵҩš
ϴ赤ҩƿȾ
ѧԺʱϴ赤ʱںȥһûһš
Ϊϴ赤ҩƼҵˣ붼ûͽ뵽˼С
ǧѩΪϴ赤ҩ䷽ˣ˭֪䷽ȻǼٵģװƭǧѩ˵ݺݾһ
޷һ£ֻܵ߹
˼ҲͳߵĹܼңҲǳͷ˰뵽˴ƿɫ΢΢һΣΪҲϴ赤ҩˣȻٴμ
Щϴ赤᲻ǵǸƵģ
ôǷֻضʧǧѩ
ƿЩҧгݣ޲ýƬӾһ١
ƿ˵ʲô˵ϴ赤ҩǧѩҲһƿ˵˫
ϴ赤ҩɱҩЧˣܹõȻܸһ¥
ϴ赤ҩƿ۾ǰڵҩͼϼģֻ䷽ʧɣû˽Ƴ
£Ȼ˽ϴ赤ҩƳˡĭ̿ˮһʱ侹ǳ
λϣҲЩ仯
Ȼϴ赤ҩ˭ֶܽƳ
ϴ赤ҩԤ׵س½Ԥʾʲôأ
ƿ棬ϴθ˵ͻȻڣĿƿ治ţǱߵĺϴ赤ˣһֱѶȫޣͻȻʧһϴ赤ٴγ֣᲻ᵱǸˣ
ĭҲƿ治š
û뵽ϵĵضΣҲϴ赤ҩ
ӦþǣϾܹƳϴ赤ҩĲࡱƿšüͷңϴ赤ζЩϤ϶ǵǸƵġ
Ȼҵˣٱϴ赤ҩ䷽ƼҵĵλߵһΣʱ½˶Ҫ𾴷ǳ
½˶𾴷ǳ
ƿ򴽽ǣһʱԼУ޷԰Ρ
˿϶ڸûõң϶ǲߵġüһ˫¶æǽ½˽
һţЦʵƼкηԸ𣿡
㡣ƿǣʮ㣬ϴ赤ҩ˿ڴ˴Щȥ
΢΢һ㶣֪ƼΪҪȥأ
ȥȥʲôüͷеĲͷÿҪ
ɫƣ˼һǿ˵ƼҲȥǽߵˣ˵ǹЩȡңߵ̫Ҳûסǰ
õɴ˫ܾùƭԼ
ǲƭҰôɵ飬˵Ҫˣȴ˵Ѿߵˣ


937 ǧѩ

ЦŴǵȷѾߵˣƼҪǣֻ˵һ䱧Ǹˡ
ԭŴȥǵģһǸӣ֪϶ȥ鷳ġ
ټϴ赤Ī⣬ҵһŭǿô죿
أ˵ƼҼϾϴ赤ҩҲһóô༼һ֪˭ˡ
ԸҲȥˡ
ɽһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ЦǺǵ˵Ƽûʲô飬Ҿȥˡ
ڰ֣ϲӬƵġ
ЦЦת뿪
һߣϸΪ˼֣ôһСС¶ѣҲҸҰɫ
Ҫұӣһ뵽ıӾðƳɣģҧҧҲͲˡ
ô죬ô죿Щͷ˵ܴȥǸˣҾ͵òϴ赤ҩ䷽ˡ
ƿҲЩ꣬Ǹ䷽Ķܹõͺˡ
һʱ᷿˳ĬǧѩܲסַΧߵ˴̨ߣϴ赤ҩʼˣҽһҪһţҵĵȼѾͣͺܾˡ
˵˺ڰᣬҲ˳õһħʵǱǰǿ˲٣ĵȼȴͣԭûж
˺ڰЩҩǲɣƣҪͻƾֻܳǰЩϴ赤ҩˡ
ĭһǿɿһŰʱоҩеĳɷ֣ǾͿ𣿡
ⷽȻЩףĿǰ˵Ҳֻôˡ
ֻôˡ򴽣ĿҲų˳
ʱһϴ赤ҩѾʮڽϡ
ǧѩˣ۾ˣʮڽң
ʮڡ漴мٴδ
ǧѩҧгݣ˫նǺˣʮڡ
ʮڣ
ǧѩԲ˫Ŀ毺õȫ֮ɫ
ʮʵ̫ˣòôǧѩ룬ֻܾʹա
գϴ赤ʮڵļ۸˳ȥ
ǧѩվڴ̨ȴڶϴ赤
ĭһۣʵǺʱʼ
㡱ỽһĪѲ⣬ȵڶŵʱǾɡ
áĭ´ֿۣٽеĸɫȥ
ʱ򣬵ڶϴ赤Ѿʼˡ
һΣ˶ʼˣܿϴ赤ͱʮڽҡ
ǧѩۿƲԣ۾Щˣʮڽң
ƿҪôУһʮڽҡ
ǧѩֻԴһ²ըˣ˭һֱڸԣһһڵļӣͻȻһӾʮʮڵļˣ
ʮǧѩ˵ͱƿˡ
ǧС㲻ôӡƿæֹϴŲͬϴ赤ĸ߷ڣ϶Žң϶Ӽ۵ģʮʮڵļӣֻü۸øߣʵڵòʧ
ǧѩһ۵ҪΣ
ƿ°ͣǲȵһȣϴ赤ҩţղԴʦǼģղǿϴ赤ʮڵĸ߼ۣŹҲȥ
㵽˵ʲôǧѩۣЩͷˡ
ƿ湴Ц˵һ䣬ҵ˼ǣǵǽҶΪЩڻнϴ赤еĻҲֻһŶѣܽϴ赤£
ǧѩٿȻʣ˵òǵȷȾ䣬ٷӼ۵Ļֻ˵⣬òʧ
ˣƿ治䴽Ц
Ҳƿ濴˼ۣ¶һĨͣ˼·ھͰƿ˵Ⱦ˵
ĭ򴽣ЩͬȴʲôҲû˵
ڶϴ赤ֱĳʮڵĸ߼ۣȥǵŸ᷿ǧôˣЦò绨
㿴𣿡ǧȻЩϴ赤Ȼĳôߵļ۸ǰںʱҲֻǧѣȴڵġ
ϲ´ζõ᳡˵ŵΪ
ǧæͷɣ´õ᳡ˣҸղźǧѩĽмˡ
ǧѩޱбҲΪ档
ǧ°ͣҲ֪Щʲôƺҵϴ赤ȽиоղŷһڼӼۡ
ƿȻҪϴ赤ƿ꣬һ¾͵ĽмѾֹͣˣ˵Ľ꣬ټӼ۰ɡ


938 ᷿жˣ

ǧüͷɽƣ˺öණҿ϶㣬ϴ赤ήҲпܵģҲŲҪôװױǧѩ
ҪΣʶһ䡣
ǧӹµһתȴû˵һ֪ˡ
δһ䣬һĨǳǳЦ˲ۿ
ǧĦָ⣬ڻһ⣬һӣͻȻӿռȡһҩƿӣҩƿоȻװ˺ɫķĩ
ζҩƿӣеЦٴμһЩ
ζеҩƿӣһ㶡
ƿӡνëһֵǧҳ𣿲ڿռһӣЧˡ
ȷ˲٣ҲŲкڰζˡǧüһЦø沼һڿռеͷһ
ֿһۣҩЧǿԻҩ˲ȴ
Ҵҩɫζһи޷
뽫ҩǧѩϣѾ֪뷨
ǰǧü취Σ
Цܺá
ףҪȥ𣿡ϲСȣͻȻ˹Ҫæ𣿱ܰ
ǧҡҡͷãȥͺˡ
һֻȥҩ˭ע⵽һֻأ
ͨһ㣬ϲֵ˫һףûӴ˭ע⵽һֻӻҩأ
ǧѾٻҽҩƿУȥǧѩҩ
ñƿӣ䶶˶һܿɿӣðɣÿ϶ܽ
ǧëһѣȥء
ȣǧѩǵ᷿ȥ
ᳵ·ļûע⵽ʱĳߵǧѩǧѩ޲Ҳ޲
һЦҩ۵һЩǧѩȹϡ
ҩһϣܿ͸УȻͻͨ뵽С
һЦŶ뿪ȴͻȻһ󾪺
ôһֻӣĭŵϵӣڲЩɻ󣬡᳡ֵطȻӶܷŽ𣿡
ĭŵϵӣֻܾЩª
ÿеһۡ
ھȻһСˣֱɶ
գĺҲĭš
ĭſˮͻȻõЩơ
죬һֻӶѣȻ¶ݺݱ飬ʵ̫ˡ
ûз֣ӺڵҰĭָãһֵ˵һ䣬ֻӻЩʲô
ɣһֻСѣôأƿЩŵسÿ˼ۡ
С
Ȼ˵С
ӵɴϴ󣬲û
ǿֵˣĭٴξһָһֱãҾЩ죬Ҫץɣ
Ҫץ
һ˵Сȷһ˳ȥٶȿȹ٣һӾûӰˡ
ĭǰһУһʱ侹˵һŴӻϧӾȻܵˣܵٶĺÿ족
⻹һμܵôӡϲӣֻ͸ǡӸע˵һ䡣
ĭһһۣٶȽеĸɫѹȥ󣬲ŵˣҲǺϲӣСֺ鷳鷳ˡ
Ȼ鷳ǾͲˡָһ䡣
ĭ򴽣һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
վڴߵǧѩʱȴЩԵĲʡ
᷿ⷳ꣬ԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬·ҪĶĤˡ
ǧѩҧҧ˻Դͣȫûͣơ
÷ǧѩⱩü֮Ҳȫ𺡣
ǧС㣬ôˣƿ濴ĲԾæǿһ䡣
ǧѩŤͷݺݵһۣȴʲôҲû˵
ƿ汻Ŀһһʱ侹˵ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѿɱ᷿С
ôˣǧܵ㼱ɿһ䡣
ôһڴͿʼ״ˣºҩʱ򱻷ˣǸĭķˣ֪ȻãҪ֪ÿСѾͷܹģ
Զԣ飡ǧܵ˵һ䡣
ȴãֱԹУǸƿ澹ȻСˡ
ûҪǧڰοһ䡣


939 ôɵ˰ɣ

ó䶶˶ĲˣĻòǷɧѣߣ
ǧǳЦղŻ᷿ʱ򣬷᷿жˣ
ýצӵڴߣϸƬ̲ŵǷĸˣʲôǧѩƿ棬Ǹĭͷ
ǧһΡ
ȫܶԱɣȻȫˡ˻ͦࡣǧ°ͣЦǧѩǵĹϵǼãȻÿζܻһ𡣡
һͽۣȺ֣һȺСԲܻһ𡣡
ǧһ㶣̫ˡ
ü֣ǧѩǻ˱͵ؤ硣
ǧߴߴᣬЦ
ͻȻЦѾҩͿĨǧѩϣʱҩЧǧѩ군ˣʱǶҩҲ÷ˣ
ǧ󣬴ҲǰʱҩЧȷӦÿ췢ˣʱǾܿϷˡ
Цġ
ʱѾҪʼϴ赤ˣǰϴ赤ļ۸ѾÿһŲʮڽҶѡ
ǧڴ̨ϣ鲻۸潵ҲɣںԾɹ˺öࡣ
εͷ֮Цǳǳš
ǧһֱ᷿⣬ԲδеЦ⡣
ʱϴ赤Ѿĵʮڽң»ƣüΪʮڽҶˡ
ǧҲʱҩЧ϶ѾʼˣܿǧѩĺϷˡ
ʮһڽң
ʮڣ
ǻྺʱһŮʮڽҡ
˽мһǲһӾͼӵڽңʵЩԲЩ飬ͷϿ϶кܶҵġ
Ѿ˼飬ϴ赤ļ۸ڶʮܹܵģǳˣǾĸˡ
ΪҲûʲô˻Ὰȴû뵽ͻȻɱһƥ
ҪҪټӼˣɾװױƥɱĺЩ㡣
ʮڽң
ʮߣʮߡ
ʮڽңǵٴμӼۣɤЩݺݵģһĨ
Ƕʱ뵽ûٽңҲͲڼӼˡ
ʱǵٴʮڽҡ
ǵҧгݵģһĨȥЩˡ
Ӽˣм۵Ůɵ˰ɣ¸˺мۣȻһּڽվԲ̨ϵĹҲЩֲƽ˲ϼӼۣȴûһ˶ܼӼۼӵôʵġ
ʮڽң
ǵˣ²һôɵ˰ɣ
˲Դͷ˹¶
ôһ飬ǵǴ᷿ģƼǴ壬Ӧòʲô飬Ůķ˰ɡ
³Ǽ᷿ȥ˫УȻǸŮڲͣӼۣҲֹһ˼Ҿϲһأ
¾Ⱦ䣬ĳ˸߼۶᳡ҲģȻŮӼۣǾͼӼ۰ɣҲŮԸģ᳡ûκιϵ
ʱڳҲŨأҲ뿴ɵŮ˾һҪá
ʮڽңǵֿʼӼˣɤлһĨУ˽һöϴ赤ˡ
µʱڳ˲궯
죬ŮǲɵȻһӼϷ˰ɣ
Ǵ᷿ﴫģǼ᷿ǵģѲɣǴŸ
ŸҲôŰɣҲ̫ɵˡ
ʱǵ᷿ȴһ궯
ǧѩڴ̨ߣ˶Щ־ˣͣӼۼӼۣټӼۣ·ֻһЩ
ǧСʲôƿҪӼۣקס󣬵ղŶʮڽѾ˰ΪҪʮڽң
ңǧѩŭһڰһĨ׹⣬Ƕڸϴ赤ôܷӼۣǲǲҵõϴ赤ҽװ
ƿšüûа¸ûڸĲټӼˡ
˵˵ǧѩٴȣڸȴ˵ѾӼˣ㾿ʲô˼
ƿЩĪûڸǧѩǲǲþˣ
ǧѩŭһۣ֮Ǳ꣬Ҿۣ
ƿܵǧѩһ£뾹ĶԴҧҧҲǲٹǧѩˡ
ǧѩҲֵڣŤͷʼģʮڽҡ


940 ܲ

ѾɳԼУĶȫ־˵ʮڵʱ򣬶Ȼڽлʮڡ
ǧѩҧгݣ˭һֱԣ
ʵٴνмۣʮڡ
ǧѩþƣѾʧǣܼǮӼۡ
ƿվһ࣬öҪľˣƼûоǧѩЩԾȫԼУںҼӼۡ
ǧѩһ𺣬ƺǾЩˡ
ȷɵˡһֹؽڿ֨֨죬ˣķ
ƿɳֽǧѩ˹ȥ
ǧѩһֱӵƿϡ
ƿšüһؽǧѩڵϣҪҲһ裬ƫʱ裬ں˰ɣϴ赤ĳʮڵĸ߼ۣҿûǰ£
ƿ˵öݺݣ֮һĨֻ
ǧѩ˹ȥȫ֪ƿ˵Щʲô֪϶Ҫġ
ƿýǧѩ֮ͣȥ
ʱͷĹ¼᷿ûãöϴ赤ʮڵļ۸᷿ڵλˡ
һ˻Щδ
ⳡ־羹ôͽˣǻûпأ
·ԸС˽ϴ赤Ǳ᷿͹ȥС᷿ŵʱǧѩεڵأȫûѹļ
СС˽ȥ֪λϴ赤
ƿָŵϵǧѩɫơ
С˱һſˮϴ赤ļ۸ʮڣ֪λܲھ͸壿
ƿǧѩ˯˵ѹ˵ɣҲܵģȽϴ赤ͳˡ
᳡ĹһֽǮһֽС˽æбֵԲ᳡ҪһֽǮһֽģȻǮûнⶫ͸ܷˣȵλҴϽͳˡ
ãȥɡƿЩ۵üġ
Сǰصؿǧѩۣƺ뽫ݼ
᳡£Ƚ˵òУͲ´˻ܵʲôˡ
öϴ赤Ѿˣ߲ģ
ܿС˾Ž˳ȥ᷿ڵǧѩûκҪļ
ʱһССĺӰһ᷿˹ȥ
ղСȥǧѩǵ᷿һЩϢһ˷ܵ˽Сͦģ˵ǱһֽǮһֽǰǧѩüۣǰӼˣҪܵƻѡ
뵽ղǧѩͣм۵ӣôһ䣬ЦЩֻ
Ͷˡǧ䴽᳡ǽˣǶԸµˣаٰʮǧѩǲǮܣƻᱻµģʱɾˡ
̫ˡòͣЦԺֺ£ٽбð
ǧЦӦһȻġ
üֵֵߵģ۾ȫЦ⡣
ǧۣڵЦ˼֣ˣǧѩôżӵʮڽңµԻҩӦúͣûôָ˰
ʲôָƿͻȻֽǧѩˣ˵ŸղŵȤ£֮˼֣ƿֿˣǧѩûԲӴ
ǧеЦݸΪŨֲǧѩͻȻӼˣԭǱƿˣûΣⳡϷÿ
˭˵أòֹǲǧѩΣٽм۵ģʱեĽҡ
˵ÿĺɫҲȫֻ
ǧҲÿϧʱͻȻ᷿⴫һ̶
һ㶣⿴ȥͼǧѩ֪ʱѾˣߵСǰƺҪָ˵
ǧԴ۾ؿŴ־硣
ֻǧѩǺ˵ҸղЩͿˣûôһϴ赤öʮڽҽöϴ赤£ɺã
С˱ŽУüеλˣѾʮڽϴ赤ˣ˶ʵ㲻ܵ
Ĳ뻰ôһϴ赤ǧѩ첱ӴֵģŴɫҲѿǳҸղſ϶Ǳ˸ˣԲŻԺô
СԾҡͷλˣֻ᳡С˶ѣЩ
㡱ǧѩšüŭһ
ʱ򣬹𣬲첽˹ʲôˣΪ㳳֣
С˼ˣ񿴵Ĺһ˫Ҳ£λ˵ʮڽöϴ赤


941 ʮڲ

̾ǧѩµģüɫ̾λˣǲʮڽöϴ赤㵱ʱΪҪأ
ǧѩҧͱ˵ӣŵ˵
㲻µİɣۣ´ǧѩۡ
ǧѩĿⶢûں˵˵ʲôµģҸղŲǱ˸ݺˣԲŻ־壬ұۡ
ºЦʵЩ۸ȷ㱨Ķ԰ɣ
ǧѩ΢㶣漴ͷұġ
֣ЦǲͶˣû˰ѵ㲱ϣĸԸ۵ģ᳡ɲûԭ㱨ľ㱨ģ᳡϶ڳл첻ȥ
ǧѩ΢Ŵ꣬һʱ侹˵һ䷴Ļ
ǧѩ֣鷳㽫ҸˣҲýϴ赤㡣
ǧѩаޣȴ档
ǳ᳡ȻЩֶΣǿ϶Ҫڳģʱǡ
ǧѾˣǳʲô©϶ᱻǧЦġ
Բ
ͷûôңѸҼӸţǽҴУǧѩһ˵
ɣȥȥýҡһھʹӦҪ᳡
ǧѩɫѿȴֻܵͷã֪ˡ
ǧѩתͷƿȥȡ
ƿȻЩԸ⣬ȴȥˡ
ûãǧˮ㼱ҴҶվ᳡ʱ˾ͳһ塣
ô㣿ǧһȦŷǧˮĴڣɫøˡ
ǧˮǶɻǱǴŽˡ
ǧѩһʮڽңˣ
ǧˮͷƬ̺ŵ㣬㣬滨ʮڽһöϴ赤
ǧѩŤͷһۣûǰôˣ
ǧˮЩ˵Ȼϴ赤ǿʧѾõĵҩʮҲ׬ģ˵úѧϰǧҾ͵ÿˡ
ǧѩ˫ɫҲø
ԭöʮھ򵽣Ȼʮڽңñȫ벻ףԼôͻȻþˣ
ǸģԻҩļ
һֱ᷿УΪλͻȻԻҩ
ټ᷿е˶úõģôֻһԻҩˣô˵Щ˵ͨɣ
ǧѩᣬ˶뵽˳ĬС
˭͵͵Իҩģ
ƿ棬ǣ
ǧˮòͣЩƵһ䣬㣬ôˣ˵ʲô𣿡
ǧѩŴӻ˹Ťͷǧˮ˼ۣȴǲԲ˺ðŵǰʮھһöϴ赤ȷ׬أ
˵ǧѩɰͰЦղŵĳԲ˵ġ
㣬ҿϴ赤ʲôģ𣿡ǧˮƣСһ䡣
ǧѩɫĮһûõȽҸҡ
ǧˮ΢㶣Žӽҵݸǧѩ
ҵݸԺǧѩԸԳõһС
򿪽Ժǧѩ㿴ڽеϴ赤һöɫϴ赤⻬ԲһŲǷ֮
ǧѩһֻȫë׶ΪҪƵġ
ǧˮŽеϴ赤֮б仯ͣ·һ̾Ҫϴ赤Ϊˣ㣬ϴ赤𣿹治ͬ족
ֻŵǹҩζ;ȫޱȣ
ЩԣǧѩæǽйϣҺܿͽ˿ռָУȻʧѾõϴ赤Ȼͬͨҩȡ
ǧˮ㶵صͷ黹Щ㱣㣬öϴ赤Ժʵ϶ǿģʱǧҾҪշˡ
⻹˵ǧѩĿһ䵭
ǧˮס˫һӲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
һƿҲ˹ǧС㣬ղƼ˵Ҫ㽫µöϴ赤оһЩӡ
ʲô
ǧѩ֮Ȼɴ֮ȫǽ䱸֮ɫԼҩȻȡʲô˼
ƿʶһۡ
̧̧ƤӣŽĿͶǧѩϣⲻȡ衣
裿ǧѩԺʲô˼
üӵȽϴ赤ǣպоϴ赤ʱ㼸ţ˵𣿡


942 ̫

ֻҪˣպܵõ͵ϴ赤
ô붼ǻģ
ǧѩ򴽽ǣһǿ˵ɣھͽϴ赤ǣҾ͸ʮʱ䣬ʮʱһоöϴ赤ԾҪҪȥġ
һת
ƼҵЩҩʦΪʮʱ㹻оˡ
ɣǾͽʮ죡
ǧѩϴ赤ݸɵҪӹʱǧѩͻȻ˻ȥ
۾Щԣôˣ
ǧѩ򴽽ǣֵøұ֤оϴ赤ԺһҪҼţǲܱ֤öϴ赤ǲǵġ
һһۣٿЦɣұ֤㼸ŵģû;Ҳú
ǧѩŽϴ赤˹ȥ
ҩӹԺһĨЦݡ
ƿĭϴ赤ԺҲ˸һĨеĹ⣬ҩʦϲоֵҩˣƳǵĵλҲߣ
ϴ赤ŽԺ󣬾Ȳ뿪ˡ
ƿĭ
һߣǧˮЩĵ㣬ôϴ赤ˣ
ôǧѩŤͷɫơ
ǧˮ̿ˮðګګϴ赤Ͳǽϴ赤˽ˣ
ǧѩһһ뵽ƼǴ壬ӦòЩ͵飬£ǲӦĻƻƼ
Ƽڳ죬ȻҪڳ㣬ͲܵƼңһպֻߵĶ˳ĵ¶
ϾƼҩңÿ½˶ҪƼҵĵҩǵԺֻҩ򲻵ˡ
ǿƼң˼͵𣿡ǧѩһǧˮС
ǧˮ˵˫Ǻ죬Щġ
ЩͲҪ˵ˡǧѩŭһֵۣһƼңСڳڻ첻ȥ
֪Ƽ죬ǧˮ䶯ŴǣҲͲ˵ˡ
һųӣǧѩЦһת뿪ˡ
ǧˮ򴽣ܿ͸ȥߵһ룬ǧˮͻȻ½Ų¥ϵ᷿пȥ
ܾڿǿɿ˰죬ȴʲôû֣Լ̫ŽĿ˻
ǧˮһߣǧŽ᷿ĴӴ򿪡
ǧˮС°ֹͣһ䡣
ǧˮĿͶʱٽˣ򣬿϶ᱻֵġ
ζ¥£ĿȻ
ǧѩöˣǿôͣǧѩȻǧЦ
ղŵ־Ѿ۵ףǧѩϴ赤һΣǿǽζ
ЦȴǸһˮˡ
ǧˣӱû뵽ǧѩ潫ϴ赤ˣĻ湻ġ
պܵõ͵ϴ赤ƴһ˵
ǧЦһ˫۾Ҳоĳ
ҩַ⣬ټϹŻֽƵģÿһֲҩںһҪζֲҩģͲܡ
ǲǰ׷ѹѡ
뵽˴ǧеЦȴǳġ
оһ䡣
ǧͷѽǻô
ǳЦȻû
ǾͶˣǧûģһСԵ÷ٸһʱ䣬ǻоġ
γ°̫ͣ
ǧЦøΪ
βԴ
ǧС˵Щʲôͷһ
һ㶣αװһ֮ſ˵ɡ
᷿žͱˣǹ£ﻹźüУ֮ӦǸղĽҡ
ˣСͽҵġ´ƣСղ˺öңҪҪһ£
ǧ¿һۣˣǡ
˵ţͽȫ˿ռС
¼ԼΪ˼֣ˣպʲôöǵһҪŵ᳡Ǳ֤ܸĳһõļ۸񡣡
ɡǧͷպʲôõ᳡
һϵЦݸΪ˼֡
зźԺǧǾ׼뿪
Ŀ뿪ϵЦݲδȥ˼֡
ǧƵͷƤ飬뿪᳡Ժǧžúࡣ
صլԺǧ˷ܵؽȡȫǽӲӵĽңװһһУ


943 ±

ôңºüӣǧһЩڻУ¶Цݡ
öңϲ۾ֱˣȻǸطҲ֪ҵ󣬶ҽӲӵôÿ
ǰңϲ𣿡ǧЦһ䡣
ϲֽɴæͷǳϲҲһѽҰɡ
ǧЦŽһֽڷϲС
ϲЦŽӹϵıǧһҲһԷμˣ
ڵܺãһڵģЩʲôã
һԺǧϵЦݸ࣬һֶôˣһĻҵʲǲǾܳˣ
ﴽǰⶼûôࡣ
ǧһСٴα
ɫѾˣǧٶȽװԺ󣬾ʹ򷢷ϲȥ˯
ϲֱСͷֵߵߵܵڵķȥˣ׺͵ҪС˶ɲܴˡ
ǧȫûע⵽ϲִĨЦһֱΪǸĺӣ룬Ǳø̻ˡ
ڴϵʱͻȻЩߣ뵽ҹ飬˫͵Ǻ˼֡
ôˣô죿θȥ죬һ䡣
ǧһϹ̵̹ģû£뵽ͻȻôңЩ˷ܶѡ
ƿ꣬ƴһĨζԭˣһΪ顣
ǧˡ
ȷ飬˵б룬ҲЩҶѡڵ˫ڣǧ˵Ҳȥ
ǳЦѵƽһĨɣ漴ƻζһΪ飬ۣҲ㡣
ǧ͵ؽɴϸ
ôƽ˵Ļ
ʵ̫ɳǧ䶯Ŵ꣬ðҲﲻһý˹ȥ۲Ϊ
δһֽסˡ
ܵȶȣǧ΢΢һȴûнƿЩƵŤŤӣֽԴͷС
һҹ˯ǧܿˡ
գգ۾ַεֻ䣬˳ָǳÿǿָⰲĵĸоɢ˿
ǧʶᴥŷεֱʱһȵĺӱɢ
΢㶣ŤͷʱַѾˣȴûҪ˼ڴһδ
ǧüЦһ䣬ôʦȻϰߣǱȸ½Щ֪ҪŻˣ
θ˲䣬ǲ֪ģֻǰˡ
Ϊǧָһֻòϸֺ̣Ϊˡ
κһһڡ
˫ʱϵȶٶɢ˿һʰ
ʱˡ
һ
һϵϢ˲ɢ˼֣еҲɢһɶ£ɤƺЩƣ˭
ǧҲܿ콫·ˡ
Ǳϲվͷ
ɡɫ͡
һ䣬žͱƿϲһһ˽׵ĺӴ̫þ͹ˡ
ǧӣЩεڨЦһ
ǷϲֲҪ˰ɷδ̫硣
ϲ΢㶣𣿡
εǵġ
ϲգգ۾һοʼԼѵԼ̫
һЩ
±ϣޱģϲҲŭһĨ궯ǳǳܣ˺һѹȥ
ףǴ緹ϲӣЩˡ
áǧǣϲֵʱС
зѾ׼ˣҹȴӰ
ǧ˼ۣʵҹأ
ϲҡͷ
ȥˣһͻεϵĺɫ죬Ҳʱȫ¶
Щʲôǧÿ£һ䡣
棬ƿһЩڵ飬йƼҵһЩ顣
Ƽҵģ
ǧ۾˲Ȼ򣬡ƼҾ͸ڰᵤҩ飬ǾҪжˣǿЩ֣ǵĽ޷С
ǵġƴôһʵҩܶǹˣϾǹôˣȱ˾ҩ϶Ǻ
ǧͬ˵ûҹô
˵ţһҹˡ


944 ͵ҩ

ˣοҹ˫ĺ䡣
ҹĿ⣬ܿͳӣ´飬¶Ѿˡ
˳ëһ˫纣ӣЩ˵˵
ҹѾˣǷͻȻģǲʲôŮˡ
ſˣ
ǧһ㶣û뵽žȻôͿˣΪҪЩӵġ
Ƽҵأʡ
ҹٴοڵƼҵЩҩϻڸƵҩ˵Ҫ֮ǰȫƳϾͻȡˡ
˲һۡ
Ǿжˣ
ֿʵʲô
ҹƿ꣬ҩƺԺ˵ҪһȥȫȨٰˡ
еɫٴһ䡣
ӣ
ǰǼЩֵӣǼӦþרŴڻģҪǸڰ͵ҩġ
ҹ˵˼޹ؽҪĻͣ
ǧϣĬƬ̲ǿ˵ǾȥǼţʲôҲþж
áε
ףȥ𣿡ϲ־֣һȥӡ
ǧһۣ뵽ڰ˱ȽϽƻ㿪˵ҹڼҺܿͻġ
ϲ֪µҪԣɵص˵ͷ׺͵ҪЩ
ǧӦһɣǻЩġ
ϲֲŸһĨЦݡ
ҹǧͷδҹװʼж˿Ǽ⣬;ͷš
Ҳ֪˶ãǰλͻȻһ궯
ǧŤͷһǰĳϳ˺üӰЩ̧һľӣߵ
Ҳ֪ƼôˣͻȻô൤ҩҹҩ͵
ǰ˿϶û˻ҩģƼֺα㼱أٽҩ͹𣿡
Ҿðɣÿ¶Ҫһʵҩεļʱ̫ˣҸΪ٣治֪ôˡ
˵Ƽʲô˵Ĺɣ
һ̧ľӵ˲һ꣬ΧҲ˼֡
Ҳ֪˶ãΧŽԾ
˵ɱ˵һƼ֪˵˵ôã
ǣ⻰治˵ġ
ղ˵СæסǣһҪӣҲһʱѣǿǧ⻰߸Ƽ
İɣǲŲɵ
ЩӰ˵˼䣬ſڡ
ǧǵľӣ֮䲻ɢ˼⣬ΣӦþװеҩӰɣ
εĿȴЩľӡ
ֻľӺܿ챻̧С
Ƽ˵ǽľӶѷͳˣʲôģôܲ첻Ҫ𣿵ʱĿôã
ϻˣƼʲôʲô˵ϻ顣
һǻ治˵ʲôˣľӷԺǾ͹뿪ˡ
ھĵģөˮȻû
өˮûǧͻȻС˽ľӷԺˣ˵˵ģͶʱǲӦЩʲôأ
ҩȫ͵
ǧ۾Ǹռ䲻ܶٵҩװȥ
ûǿЩж֪ǸռԲġ
ǧ󣬱뵽ӵС
Ҳ֪ЩСߵ̫ԸǲҪŵģûйأһ¾ܽȥˡ
ǧֱǼľӣľӴԺ󣬱㽫ĵҩһԶȫ˿ռС
ֻмʱ䣬ľӾѾˡ
ǧ֣ˣǿԻȥˣөҲˡ
˵䣬ͷһŲ
ǧͷζһۣæݶϡ
غ֮ǹ濴өˮ߽С
һٽϵϢεˡ
ЩѰˣǺڰĳϣýԴ
Щǻ᳤ȡĵҩˮָŵϵľӣһ䡣
өһۣͷǵģЩǻ᳤ȡģǺڰôˣǲЩҩôУ
᳤
ǵ̸ǧͷһ
Ҳ˵ǵĻ᳤ûˣ˶ѡ
ǵĻ᳤ûǧۣ
ԴḧһְοɣȻһִڰᣬȻЩ£һΣ϶ڶΣڶΣֱҪ


945 ľ

ǧһãҪ
˵䣬ǧˮ֣·뽫ľӴ򿪡
ҪҪЩҩ٣ˮѯʣƼϼǸϺ꣬ͲǸСꣿ
өƿ꣬Ǿʹɡ
˵ģǧ˴꣬ҪľӴҮʱƼյľӣǹƻŵİɣ
û˵ȴЩ͡
˵ǻ᲻ȥ鷳ǧЦһ䡣
ƿ꣬侲ڰ˲úŪο²ó
ǧνʼ磬óΣͶڰ³û˻ͬġ
˵ţˮѾٽľӴˡ
յľ˲ӳС
ˮһ㶣Ȼɴ˼֣ô£Ϊǿյģ
өҲ˵˵Ӧð˵ҩѾ׼ˣǻȡЩյӵô£
Īʲôֽţ
өҲһ䡣
ˮ⼸ľҲˣǿտҲӣˮӶԲˣ֮޾ķŭ֮ɫ
ө⵽ô°ˮŭһΪÿӶǿյģʲôˣŪǰɣ
өҧȴû˵
ˮ֣һ˫۾Ҿ˵ȻһǸС꣬ұ׸ȻüڲƭǣΪǲ;򿪵𣿡
өɫ䣬ɱ⣬ǲǣ
ȥˣˮŭ塣
өͷȫŹ
˽ľӹԺ󣬱㳯Ƽҵķȥ
ȻǿҵɱЩˡ
ǧ뽫סģһ뵽ڰ˱ر࣬ҲûҴݾߣһ͵ǵĵҩҲǹԪˡ
ټһֻṷҧһĴϷΪ˿Ϸ͸ܳˡ
ΣȥƼҿϷȥǧ˳ε°ڣһ²ӡ
סϸ¡
ǧֻöз˹һǾƼլڡ
ʱөˮҲŸյ
ˣæǽӭ鷿УЩһ䣬ôͻȻˣǱ˿ôã
өû˵
ˮƢ꣬һֶסĺݺݵôģڸˣĻǲǣ
ͻľٶ޷ɴ˫ҲŲʲôЩ֡
ڵʹȴôҲѲ
ģ˫ǵͨ죬ҲüΪ
ǿЩ֣治֪˵Щʲô϶˵ţȫǶĿֲ
ɿөڰ֣ˮס֡
ˮһŲ鲻Ըſˡ
һõͷţƴҲ֪˶ãžúЩˣǵʲôΪһͶ飿
㰡С꣡ˮݺݵôǼľʲô˼Ϊǲ;򿪣Ϊǻᱻڲƭȥ
һ±ơ
ʲôľӰ
ʲôľӰɻ󣬡治֪˵ʲôѾǵķԸҩ׼ˣһС˽ҩ̧뵽Уڴڼ䶼ûгκ©ȴ˵ǿӣ
ѵɵģˮЦżڲƭǣ浱ɵģ
һãȻûа
өۣˣ񲢲װģ˼
ˮŭͱˣùԲԣǲǲǺˣ
ÿڸûаûа
ȥɣԲģˮ֣Ҫһȥ
һ¡өȻ
ˮЩؿڣΪβҴǸСѣҲûô
ѱŵɪɪȻө˵һ䡰ס֡ͷһڼؿө䶯һ£ȴû˵һ仰
ˮʣөֻüһɫûбһ£ҼɫãȻװģǲνͰɡ
װģˮͻȻһҿװģˣĵһֻϺ꣬ôһֻСꡣ
û䣬治֪˵ʲôܾ˵˵𣿡
ˮŭһۡ
·ŵɪɪ
ө˼ۣһſڵ׼ľӶǿյģŵҩûУѵӦýһ𣿡


946 㲻һ

״סˡ
յģ
ŵҩûУ
䶯˫һʱ֮治֪˵Щʲô
㵹˵ˮӼŭۡ
˰죬ſ˵Щһֱҩʦ׼ҩһŶû£ƺ֮ҾС˽ҩװľУһŶû£ڼȫûκ©ȻҾС˽ļ̌С
˵΢΢һ١
өˣôˣ
ָ⣬С˵һ䣬С̧ľӵʱûиȥ᲻ʱ©
өû˵Щʲôˮŭĺһ䣬㾹Ȼûиȥ㽫Ǻڰκηںεأ
ҵʱЩҪ䶯֮һĨɫܣԲδȥ̧Ӻܼ򵥣Բʲô©ģ˭֪
өû˵
ˮǸƢٴ½󣬵㵱ʱӦøȺСˣһҪ뿪Щľӡ
ҡһ㲻˵ˡ
ǸûõĶˮӴȻһ£ھͽĲŤϣɺã
ŵûһĨҲͷֱŵģ治ǹģҪӦò徿˭͵˵ҩﶷ
өˮҡҡͷʾ˷ˡ
ˮĲ鲻Ը˺ðŽ˸ˣϻݺݵ㲻ǺڰĹѣλ£Ҳ˼˵һ·ģ
һ˫ձͨ죬ȴҶ˵һ仰
㻹Щ̧ľӵС˽йˮһţɫΪơ
áػһæ̧ľӵС˽˽
СЩԣȴԾɿٽ뵽鷿ڡ
һ뵽鷿ڣͿİ˶ţǵļȴվţģͺèƵģֵĽ
СºɣǺİݣǲұֵ̫ԣֻһ۱ͷ
ЩС˽ţصΣĻһӾˣټϸղűˮ۸еԹŨ˼֡
ǰСˣҧгݵҪһ£Ǳ֪ڲƭңԸ
СǱһӶ
ҪЩʲô
СģֻɵļС
㶵ǣſʵ̧ľӵ·ϣûжʲôֽţ
СŵùڵأɤǲСŲǸϵС˶ѣҶʲôֽŰ
ǰСǽļ̌Ժ󣬾̻ȥˣûʲôֽŰ
ƨһӣŭһûʲôֽţΪκö˶˵ľӻյĵҩȡˣѲɻ᳤Լܵ
СŵҴŭֱӱҲ˵
С޹ģСֻǵͼС˶ѣô൤ҩõö
ǰǿռָˣЩҩôصס
㶨Ҫ찡СǶƼʲôģ
Ѿ϶ЩС˸ùɱЧȡ
˵Գһ¡
ҲЩС˶ͼˣÿͼ飬Ҳֻǿ±ѣжĽ¿ռָοռְָèģ
򴽣һʱ䷸ѣ̲סөˮȥ
˿̣ө۳˼
ˮȴСһŽĿͶϣĿҩԵ޹Լܵ𣿶Ȼм˽ҩȡˣͷͬ
ˮԴϬСһ
СŤͷȥ¶֮ɫСûУûȡߵҩûйˣһҪСǰ
ǣ˭ңŭȣзһɫǽȡҩĿˣȫˣǶˣȴڹʲô֪
ȫԹ޲ýЩСȫɱˡ
Сǻɫࡣ
ˮһۣЦЩ̣αǷϻأǲ˵ʵĻͶ̺ˣҾͲˣǻܳŵס
̣
Сһʹȥ⵽ʲôˣ˲̣
Сʲô֪һҪΪ
Сǽľӷк󣬾ߵˣһҪСǣСǶƼĹİ
ȻСߺ󽫵ҩȡߵģҪݺСǰǧɱˡ


947 ϶й

Сǿţһűߣ־ͱסĴȲϰ
һһ֮¾ͽС߷ɡ
顱һС˵ڵأǱҲһĨѪա
˭׼ģ֮Ҳ֮ɫ
СؿڴӵϸǲҰֽǳ
̣ǾͲ˵ǰɣ΢䣬Ц֮ҲһĨɫ
ǽϴִıȡ£žһ˦˵ϣ˲䳾ż־˵
СǶǸޣӲɵɴ˼֡
ħëƤɵĳޣ޴ޱȣǼ̲۶ϣǳϵĻȻƤһСĻ
Сٴοǳ
өŪУ¼Сǿ޳꣬ЩɱҲȫȥ
˦𳤱ޣžһ£˦Сǵϡ
һС˵ƣ˲Ƥ޵ľЩˡ

СסѪĵط
۾ȺһƬųޣȫûҪͣ˼ǵ˵˵ǵûйˣ
СûУûС
ĹСǰɣСʲô֪
ٴȥĻСĳԲˡ
С˲ϰȴܲˣš
ʱݶϹۿǧһϷȴ΢򴽰꣬ɫҲЩ䣬ȫûκϲɫ
ǼͷȻǧüһڽųޣͦ簡
û˵Ŀȴϣ˲һɫ
ǧЩСˣȴûκξٶ
Сǲϰ˵ʲô֪
ǴˣһѽӶ˵ϣǵ˭һǲ˵ĻݹҲˡ
Сȫ¶մȾѪҺѾƣߣ䶯һ´ǣʲôҲ˵ˡ
ŭǼۣȫ֮ɫŤͷөǣѯµ׸Ρ
өǰû˵
ˮȴ쳣꣬ССʲô˵ͺ޲¶ȺûõĶͳͳȻǲ˵Ǿٴ򣬴ǿ˵ΪֹҾͲˣ͵Ƥ֮ࡣ
һҪСŵȫɫҲ׵ͬһֽ
ʰϵĳޣҪٴζֵʱȴһŲ鷿⴫һűվ붯ҲҶ
ߵߵߵ
ŽŲģһģ̽ʲô
ͷƤ飬һ䣬˭
ûãĭʹͷҡ
еĽ䱸δһ۵ŵСˣһĨ档
СǴĿ⣬ŵˡ
ԭǰ㰡ջĿ⣬滺ŵ˰ΪλȥЪϢ
ĭվͷ鷿͸ĵƻ𣬲šüͷ·ʱ鷿ǲǳʲôˣŹ㡣
üһȻ·
֪Щʲôɣ
ü˸һƸ֮ɫƬŵûʲô¶ڿҩѣû±ϼ䣬ԲŻᷢ졣
ĭվûߣҽ𣿡
өǿ˼ۣϵ㻹ǱˣҹģƼ˲ãҪ鷿гˣҲЩȥЪϢɡ
𣬺ǺǡĭЦûнȥ
鷿ʱĳûмĴճŮҽ룬˼֮λ͸ˡ
ֻǵճŮȴûκʵȨһȫûзҲֻӭ϶ѡ
Ȼû£ҾȻȥˡĭƿ꣬ʱٴһ鷿š
Կ϶鷿вֹһˣɵ˭ͲֱЩƺʧйء
ټϽЩ죬ҲЩ죬ʲôõ֯ĵС
뵽˴ĭս˫ȭҲһ
֪ĭЩʲôһߣ˿ߵˡ
ϣȷĭѾ뿪ŲŲЩСǰ
СǼˣֱŵô
ˮĦǣƬ̲ſ˵ղǸϺĵճŮ˵ҩĹ򻹲
ôˣһ䡣


948 һ

ˮһûʲôҾ˵˵ѣˣЩĵҩ׼δǻ᳤Ҫ
ҲЩѡ
ǰüӽƣΪﻹдԸϵü
񲻽ϡȱһ㵤ҩûˣټϺڰҪܴҪɹҩʲôģûаǾԲеġ
ߣЩҩʦƢ˵ǼӽһŶҩѾܲˣҹϹƻĲĲ룬ƼҲСĶʵڲٱƵҩˡ
ƣ˺ðܲٸһµʱ䣬Ϊ˸ҩѾҩȫ꣬ҼѾûκεҩǵִҩʦǵƢҲã׷ҩǾԻᷴģ
ˮɫǵһ£
ʱ򣬻ƻ˶ſˮСǰ𣿡
ǻ᳤ôãˮٴΰθơ
㱻־ˣǿʵûа취˰ҩȫҪɹɹҲûϺЩټϸַĹҲһ¡
ˮӵĻǾŵ㣬Ҳڻ֮ᷢ£ǺڰΪŪ
˫ࡣ
СȴʲôһӶøˡ
ЩȻǺڰˣ
ԹȻû˵ļĳ֯һǸŷɥ֯
˵ȥԻѣСûκ˷֮ɫеֻһĨš
ôܣǾԻú͸
һҪһ˵ˮƣȫϢĻᡣ
Ҳ΢΢һתǸһµʱ䣬һºһҩ͹
һ£ˮڽһЦվõڸ˵Ҫһʱ䣬㵱ǺڰúŪ𣿡
ǡ͡
ˮͷˣһǿסĲӣҪôЩҩŪҪô͸ȥ
ٴξúѣȴѲ
ȷһ취ġִ϶˵š
ˮɽۣȫûҪֵ˼
ͻȻʶˮҪԼɱɱٶǳɱŤͷөȵөϾǺڰѡļǾˣƼǰҲý
өΨһǵˣֹܱסһС
ƴץסǸݣߵϡ
ˮһµҲأҪĲŤϡ
͹ֻһϢϮ˵ˡ
ˮסְɡөĬãǿ˿ڡ
¶
ˮЩؿө񣬵һֱڸּۻۣ˻ʲô
өǰսˮ˵ĲӣϾƼҼǾôˣƼҾͲñǺڰƿˡ
ˮһѸ뿪Ĳӡ
ִ˺һŻ˹лөϾ֮
ө鵭ģҲھ㣬ֻǿǵǺڰ״ѣˣʲôҲֽŪ
Ŵŵòҳ
өϴ˼ֵۣҲЩҩ˭ȡߵģֻҪһʱڽͬĵҩ׼ãõ
ͷõһõ
Ҳƻһʱ佫ҩƳˮϣө˵
˵өһֵǵҩٶˣ׼ܴɣ
ٶˡŵû£ٶ
ˣûˣ
өѾ˽´ӦҪˮЩŭɫөʲôһʱ㳤ǻ᳤õȼˣ
өϸһֵᣬǲֿлҪٴ㹻ʹõˣһʱһҩܹҲͲˡ
ˮʣǽӲأ
ֻҪûʲôʹãܽӵϵġө˵
ĵˮһҲͲ˵ˣתͷŭһסֻһ£ʱһ㻹ûнҩŪãҾͶ㣡
ſˮŵû
өˮ鷿дһת뿪
һߣĶһ
ʱСǻſڵϲϰǲҳ̫±֣Ҳ߲ˡ


949 µƷҩ

ˣǽĿͶϣǸղǲʲôˣ
һĿС
СǻֱܻˣɳߵСʲôûʲôû
ıһô˵ˣѾˣ˵Ҹôأȫɱˣ𣿡
Сǲø𰡣Сʲô֪Сպһľ

Сǲϰͼ֪
һ뵽ղŷһУ;ЩãǾʱըһǳȥ˵ĵλ˵˺ľء
Ųɵ
Сǻĵʱ֣ǵĲһһšϡ
Сˣ޴ӷӦʱѾˡ
ǧݶϿһĻ˼֣ȻĺֲúڰѡΪЩµġ
ζ鷿ڵѪգһºǻҪȡҩ˵ӦΣ
ǧĿ⣬ֻ˫纣߼ʡ
һü۵Ȼ㣬ֹˡ
Դֻë׵ģ
ǧһֱ鷿еֻٽЩʬˣѪնû¡
ҧĴϷѾǧҲЩȱȱᳶŷε°ڣϷѾˣֻǼС˶ѣ治
Ȼû£ڰ˿϶ɡЦպӹƲùڰ˿϶취˽ġ
ĭǧֵڴ䡣
ƿ꣬ǣǵճŮ̳м֮λҲǺ
ǧ򴽽ǣҲ˵ˡ
Ħ򦣬һ䣬Ȼȥ
ǧ˵ͷãȥɡ
һϷҲõ˺ЩҩҲջķᣬټϻ֪˺ڰжҲüԷܵ˵ͦġ
̤լУϲѾԺˣǻæܹȥסǧСȣףڻˡ
ãˡ
ǰǻˣйԹԵģǧϲֱ
ϲֱסĲӣһڣףԵģҹ塣
ҹվһ࣬ʲôû˵
ǧҹһۣЦʣű
ϲüЦ˫һϸ죬Ϊϲף˳𣿡
ǧƿ꣬˳ˣ׺һϷ
Ϸ
ϲ˫һȴЩźҲȥϷ
պǿһЩ׾ʹȥǧ˵Ҳһְͼ
ϲ˫һȦģ
ǧȻġ
ϲսСȭͷ֮ȫǼᶨ֮ɫ׷ģһúǿǿģ
꣬ѾͬСöö࣬ٹ꣬Щͬ˶޷ϳܳΪ½ϱ̬Ĵˡ
ϲϲ̵ţеЦǲ
ˣǧҲ˴ǡ
ԺдһѸٻص䡣
ϲֹɵرСͷܵڵķȥˣûаǵ˼
ǧ֪ϲЩʲô֪϶Ҫһٵģ
ǰǧ˵һ䣬ǵõ˲ٵҩҪҪЩҩΣ
áεͷȴûκڴ
ǧһԶҩȫȡҩ˲ӣŷ׳ۡ
򴽣һƿҩ˼ۣһɿϸһЩЩˣûԼƵĺãֻ˵µƷ
ǧʵ벻ףµƷȻܵô˵׷
ЩµƷѣƼҵҩʦҲǧ̾һ䣬еƿҲϡ
ϵĵҩİ֮һûС
ô൤ҩôأǧĵҩЩˡ
Щҩ̫ˣƷʺõĻͳˣɹؼЩҩԼĸûȣ治ԣ
ǿõȥҩƼҵζܻᱻ֡
ǧ±֣ڹ֪ЩҩȥĶ
ҽЩҩŽռ伸죬ʱ˿ռҲõʱĻƼҵζǧ䴽ЦЩթ
˼еЦҲʱǾƼҲ֪Щҩǵˡ
ģ̌°ͣƼˣȴ֪Լģð


950 Ի

ЦЩСȴĺܣƲĿ⡣
˵һ󣬱ϴЪϢȥˡ
һҹιЩʱգǧռڵĵҩȡһţȻƼҵζѾûˣ͸һµϢģܺţƷҲűһЩ
ζϵĵҩü֪ĿռܲȴЧȻ㲻Ʒʼֱš
ǧִһŵҩɰɣЩҩٺһЩƷߵûҪ졣
ʹǧ򣬲֪
ǧ֪ˣҲûô
΢ﴽ֪꣬ͺá
˵ҩ˾Ҫڵĺȥ
ϲּҪȥ죬Ҳû˵ʲôֱӺҹŹɵĺܡ
׺͵ȥڰЩ£ܿͻǧǰЦԴ
ϲֹӦãǻ
ٴνУֵĺܣÿ˶ߣźɫѣƲ⵽˭
ǧںһӣ׼ͷҩ˵ĵҩƷѾãʵ̫࣬ҲÿЩڳط
ҩһһϵʱ˲˲˵Ŀ⡣
ǽĵҩ۾ʼðˣ˵ƼҲҩĵҩŸãζҲš
ϾȻбƼһҪţƵĵҩʵȤĽ
ǻ˵ǰЩ᳡ϴ赤ҩܹȫ˸߼ۡ
ϴ赤ʧѾõĵҩƼҵЩҩûȣʧĵҩͻȻ֣Ҳ֪ǲǼٻЩӲᱻƭ˰ɣ
ǵʱûȥ᳡ֻļ衣
ЩӦѾϴ赤ˣȻһ㶯ûУǼٵİɣ
ֹģֱܿǧеĵҩȥ
ЩҩӨ͸˱ǣһ֪Ƿ֮
Щҩ治ôİ
ƼҵĻɣ𰡡
оƼҵĵҩҪã
ǧǺĿ⣬ЦÿֵҩƼҵıһǧңϲ򡣡
һǧң
ǶһЩҪ˺öö࣬ǶԵҩǺܴģÿسҪҩɵҩļ۸ЩȴΪֺõĵҩ֣ܲĶ
ôõĵҩҪ򣡡
ǣôõҩʵ̫ˡ
ºһѷܹȥЩҩ
һͷǧ׬˺ö࣬ǱƼҵ֪Щҩȥô׬ǮԻġ
ʲôΪξۼôˣƿš
߻ˣЩӣһֱһõһ
ĭŵһҩζڵӦҩɣŵһҩζ
ǧѩ󣬲ȵգգ۾ⵤҩζȥǳлټ࣬ƵҩҲ٣ǳлҩң
ĭԭء
ǰлҩ
УӦҲһóô൤ҩɣ
ټϳһֱƼһҶģҩʦôĿŵҩںҲҡ
˭ôӣȻҩ
ɫҲЩѿһ뵽ʧĵҩͷͶµûţѾȥʮˣҩãҪ˵Щ϶ƣʵڽ˷ĵĺܡ
˭ҩҲЩá
ƿ˼ۣҡҡͷ֪е˶ʵʵҸƲˣһһӦһһŮɡ
ȥһȷǰȥ
ƿ΢٣ܿҲȥ
ҩкܶ࣬ҽǴˣµģŪˤڵء
һ׵ŭɫŨһЩ׵ˣ湻ĵġ
ƿǵɫҲЩѿ
ĭ࣬Ťתͷ뿪һ뵽࣬ǷСƢ湻˵ġ
̯λϵЩҩԽԽϤĺܡ
ǰЩӶʧЩҩ࣬ϸһ־ЩͬЩҩǵĸã滹һЩͬ졣
ˣǾЩҩʧҧҧͬﲻϳˡ
ôˣɫԣƿ治һ䡣
ЩҩȻǰЩӣƼҵҩʧҾЩӦþǶʧҩ
ĭƿҲ֪ҩʧ飬ǰЩ͸¶ġ
֮úܾȣ˸̫ͷ϶


951 ó֤

˵ƿһ㶣ɫҲ֪һЩЩҩƼҵģ
ĭɫҲЩŹ֣ЩҩһͱƼҵĺãƾʲô˵ЩǶʧĵҩ
˼ʱ򣬾ͼѾ˹ȥָǧıӵҾЩҩ죬ƼҶʧҩ
һҩ˲ס
ЩҩƼҶʧģ
ɣ
ƼҵĵҩûЩҩã˭Ȼ˵˷׷׳ȥһϤһ¡
ƼλεļһӾȻҲܳΪǾ˺þãɹ꣬λӾûӼλǵľҲͽˣھֻʣľ
£λμǰһ˵һֵֹĻ
㶵ؿ֮żѯ֮ɫ
ǵĿŪûһüڿʲô
ҡҡͷֺܿ˴ƣƼղ˵Ļʲô˼ʲôƼҶʧĵҩ
ǧߣ˿Ҳתͷµؿ
ô˶ţֻͷƤЩ顣
ǰ˵˵ô𣿡ǧüһš
ߣܸܵǧ͸RУһһʱ侹мֺ¸
ǧ˫ֻأƣ˵˵ɣʲôƼҶʧĵҩ磬ĿС⣬ɲǰ
ɫһ䣬ƵؿǧЩҩƼҵĵҩһ˵ⲻƼҵĵҩ𣿡
Ȼûκ֤ݣָоָо̫ˣҲִ
ǧЦЩΧ۵ҲЦ
ⵤҩƼҵһ
ƭɣ
ЩҩƼҵҪϼأ
δǧ˵ЩʲôЩΧ۵˾Ϳ˵ƼǾǼҲ˵ɣ
ǧ˫ֻأеļڽЦˡ
վһ࣬ȫ͸һĨɫ
һٴαǸסˣ䶯Ŵ꣬˺һſ˵ЩҩĸƼҶʧĵҩǸ˵ⲻƼҵĵҩ𣿡
һ㶣Ц
ǧҲһڽؿ磬˵˵ѣûκ֤ݰû֤ݻǣĺ𣿡
˵˫ͨ죬һʱ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ǧüëһּ˵磬Ҿ㻹ǱϹ˵ˣЩôˣ˵㻹Ƽҵļ˵ͲΪƼߣ
һһ׵ģҧ˵
ǧ°ͣԴ֮ȫǷ̣λƼó֤ʲôðء
˫ס
ó֤ݾͺˣҲƾֱѣʲô֤ݣ
û֤ݡҧ˫˺ð컹ګګһ䡣
˲
ŶȻû֤ݰ
룬ƼҼȻǸ˵ûʲô֤ݣȻ˼͵Ƽҵĵҩ
ЩҩƼҵĺãҺ˼滹һλƼֻ۾Щҩ͵ģ
Ҳ˵
ֹ˵ţ˲佫˵ɫ࣬Ҳò
ǧ˵𴽰꣬ЦƼҾЩ㻹ǲҪ˵ĺãֳЦ
ɫѿ˼֡
ǧ˫ֻأ
˺ð죬ſ˵Щҩ϶ƼҵģֻҪһţҾܱ
ǧʶοȥһۡ
˵Ŀ˲佻һ𣬺ܿģҲ˱˴˵⣬䴽һЦ
Ƭ̣ǧͽĿջɰǾƼһ°ɡ
ߣȥϸϸ
ɵҩ沢ûκƼҵζһƢζζ·ܽ뵽˵ļ䣬˶ˬ
ƼҵĵҩζҲЧѵЩ治Ƽҵĵҩ
һ类ԭһ
Ҳ˵ˣ
һҲ˰ɫ䶯Ŵǰζ˵
仯ͣǧüһ䣬ôƼųЩʲôˣ
ס˫һ仰û˵˵˲͵ڳ
ǧ˫ֻأڽƼǲʲôûųΪβ˵أѵǲԼĴ󣿡
Ŵ꣬·Ǳ˵һǺˡ
Χ۵ҲŸֵҲסˣˣ


952 Ѿ

ЩӦòƼҶʧĵҩɣĭǰһһ󷽣ܺ˲øУȻǣǺαΪ˼أ˼ҳҲס
ĭⷬܺõĴԲһҲ̨£ҲǣƼҶʧĵҩҾȻˡ
˵ţ˦뿪
ǧ۾Ǿߣ
֪뷨һѾͽסˡ
ѲӲɵɳʲô˼
ûп˵ȴǳ
ǧ𴽰꣬ЦƼǣûеǸʲôʾûо뿪ˣ
󣬻һҪΣ
ǧ˫ֻأ๵ҪǸȻǲ뿪ģ
̫ŭӵɳ
ǧ޹գգ۾۸ˣֻǸѣְɣ
һΧ۵˷׷׸ǱҲƼ಻Ƽ˵ĵҩĹ󣬶һƲˣ˱˵ʲôҲġ
ǰǸѣƼ᲻Ұɣ
Ƽˣ㲻Ǹϰɣ
ƣ˶Ǳ˵˵˭˵Ҳ˰
ͿЩǸ
Χ۵˷׷ָıӡ
ŪýҲǣҲǣֻܹԹԵǸԲҲǹҪǵģֻǵĵҩƼҵĵҩ̫ˡ
ǧ۾һУڻ˵ҩ
õҩͱռˣΪҲѰκζ߳
ƳĵҩͲ࣬Ҳ֪ƼôġǧߺţĿȻǸҲʵû⣬ﰵﻹ˵͵Ƽҵĵҩ
һҲĻָָ֮
ɫֱ䣬ʹ˦뿪һֱεţûת뿪
ٵǸһγ𣿡ֻҲֻһʱ鼱֮¿ˣҲܱǸ
ǧأ°Ҳ΢΢һƼڻΪҵЩҩƼҶʧĵҩһģһ
Ŵ꣬һŲ鲻Ըҿ˺Ƽҵģǲһġ
ǧЦζлһĨ˿ȻƼ˵ˣ¾͹ȥˣƼҪҩǲĻͱ˰
㡱ᣬ뿪ڣȴȻĿһ
ʲôǧͷЦһ䡣
ûʲô÷뿪
ıӰǧһĨʤЦݣȴһĨڽ
ԼĵҩǰӦȴûκ֤ݣֻܻ뿪ʵȤĽǧջĿ⣬ҩѾߵǻҩͿԿʼˡ
Χ۵һæȥ
ЩҩˣƷʻãʵݵġ
ҩԺǧ׬һɽټЩҩ͵ģȫûκγƷ
ǧЦеЦֻ͵ĵҩȻ׬ôֻ֪࣬»ýŪ
ƿ꣬䣬ġ
ǧ˫ȴĺÿ쳣
ʰһ׼ںڹ䣬ڵĶкܶ࣬ȴۣ΢һͻȥˡ
ͬһʱ̡
ھ¥ڣЩġ
ղЩ˾ô£ȻҵĴţҪҵǸһ뵽ղԼ棬˶Ĳˡ
ƿǧѩһۣû˵
ĭĦϵĲ豭״˵һ䣬ʵҲܹǰɣ㻹ûŪ˵ǵĵҩƼҵģ˷ڼ˵С͵ҪҲ޿ɺǰɣ
䶯ǣ˵
ĭһֵǣ϶ҲǸġ
ǱߵĵҩȷƼҵİ°ͣͷѾôҲȥˡ
ƲЩҩƼҵһĭͬ°ֻͣƳЩҩҪƼҵĺãҺܺ棬ڻˣ
ڵ
ˣƼĵλ
˵ʵҲЩҩƼҵĶҪÿƼҺʱˣô֪
ӦòǳڵĻϰοԼȻǴӳģȻǲ᲻֪ġ
ϣ˰ɡĭһ
ҧҧɫøΪѿ
ƼʮѾ˰ɣǧѩ򴽽ǣſڵ


953 Ϊаɣ

̧Ŀǧѩôˣ
ǧѩƣСʵƼ˵Ҹʮʱоϴ赤ҩʮʱѾˣǲӦýϴ赤ˣ
ɫס
ҩĶʧѾķˣЩӣõϴ赤ҲƲϴ赤ζŨϸһȴЩҩݺǱںһϸܶɷ֣²͸öϴ赤Щҩݡ
ʮ죡
ʮ죬ûаͷһҩݶֱ治
ٸʮɣһûоáĬãǿ˿ڡ
ǧѩЩԾˣҪٸʮ죿
ͷǰٸʮ죬Ҿо
ǧѩ΢ˡ
ԭ˵ʮ죬͸ʮ죬ȻҪʮ죬ּۻ۵ı϶ĳЩè壡
ǧѩ꣬ҲϬ´ۣͼЩ˸·𲻸һ
ǧѩۣ˲侯
˵Щʲô˼
Ѳɣ汻ǧˮ¶ˣ治뽫ϴ赤ˣ
Σ㿼𣿡Щеʡ
Ѿ˺ڰ᲻Ƴϴ赤ҩǶܿԼļֵҲͲٶԼˡ
ԣϴ赤һҪƳ
ƹӣҼҪöϴ赤ǧѩüҲֱӿżɽʮĻĵȲˡ
ľܾ֮⣬۾ۿüٶ³ף˵ʲôʮ춼ϸˣ
ǧѩĦϵĲ豭һҲ֪˼ʵڼöϴ赤ЩͻƵļöϴ赤°빦ġ
ҲµѾ֣Ʋϴ赤Ӿӣ츳Ͳ
ߣǷϴ赤أ
Ƽʲô
ǧѩԽԽ̣ҩһ㣬ƶƯš
ҧ꣬һֵҳʮڽңöϴ赤
ʮڣ
ǧѩüһ
˵׬ģܽһ룬ǿˡ
ѾֳˣƳϴ赤ٸԼ
ǧѩŲԼðգֻҡͷԲƼöϴ赤Լõģ϶ҪΪʲôмۣƫҪߣ֪ǰʲô˼
ƿ䣬ʾҪ˵
ǧѩȴΪȻҪȥˡ
ƿ氲޹ֻñҲ˵ˡ
ĭִ豭ڿϷһ㣬ʲôҲû˵
ǧѩɫһһ׵ģʱᱬһǧѩ㵱治뽫ϴ赤ң
Ҫõġǧѩᶨǳ
Ŀٽʮ죬Ҳϣ
ǧѩҡҡͷҲϣھðѾͻƵļˣԲܴʱġ
򴽲˵ȫûһҪ˼
ǧѩ۾Ƽ㲻ҪΪаɣ
Ť޲ýǧѩһ
ǣһΪУƿ꣬Щƣɱ˵˵ƼҼ飿
ˡǧѩ֣Ƽܽϴ赤𣿡
ЩԸɼǧѩͱˣֱӽϴ赤ȡеͻ㣬˲֪ģΪ̰ء
ӹϴ赤ǧѩЦø໨һлƼϴ赤ˡ
ЦɫΪûʲôġ
ǧѩеĵҩеЦøվƼҪȥͻˣûʲô¶Լھ¥гţҾͲˡ
ɫøΪѿ˺һŰڰ֣ߡ
ǧѩûмƽ̬ȣЦž뿪ˡ
صլԺǧѩٽ뵽Уһ룬ͽϴ赤ȡ
ɫϴ赤ĵ˫־Ө͸ףƵġ
ǧѩ̿ˮٽϴ赤У֮һʹ⡣
ϴ赤ˣ
ǧѩһλ£һʹٴϮҧأûȫ¶ˮʪˡ
ۣȫ¶ǧѩŪòιȥƾ
ܵϵʹ⽥ȥǧѩ˿ǰȥˣϴ赤ϴ跥ǣʵǲǾ͸һ¥ˣ


954 㻻

ǧѩЩϲسſƣ뿴Լʵˣһƣʱɵˡ
ϴ跥ǵĵҩԺ󣬾ȻûнףһССĲûǧѩŵؿԼ˫֣ȻûнףΪʲô
Ϊʲôûнף
ǧѩԲ˫ɫѿôҲûԼΪʲôûнף˵ϴ赤Ժͻϴ跥
ھȻһ㷴Ӧûʵ̫죬Ѳɣõϴ赤Ǽٵģ
ǧѩϸƬ̣뵽ϴ赤Ժ󣬾ֻϴ赤붯ʲôֽţ׾ٵ顣
뵽˴ǧѩ˲䣬Ҳҡҡ׹
͵͵ϴ赤ô
ǧѩģ׼ȥˣɵ˼ɫѾˣȥƼҵĻû˵仰ͻᱻϳġ
ǧѩ°Ϳʼ˼׼ȥƼơ
ڶգǧѩһ磬Թ緹ȥƼҡ
һˣɫ˲ѿ˼֡
ʲôʡ
ûԼɫǧѩ򴽣ɫһҲ˼֡
һżɽƼҾһ֮᲻̫ˣ
˶Щ£ں˵˵ʲô
ǧѩ˫ֻأһƼԼ
˵ʲô㵽˵ʲô
ǧѩؿһʵӣƼ㣬ǲǽҵϴ赤ˣ
һЩãȻ
ʲôаϴ赤ˣ
仰ôЩ
ǧѩ㵽˵ʲô۾ЩͷΪʲôһ䶼
ǧѩɴ˫һҪƵļӸУǲǽҵϴ赤ˣѰҩҳȥԺȻ㷴ӦûУ
ΪܹףΪܹʵʵȴһƣҲڲˡ
£ҪΪԼֻһ
ǧѩĻԼϴ赤ʲôûⶼԼ
ɫһ䣬ǧѩҲǧѩû֤ݾͱ˵˵ҶѾϴ赤ˣҿԱ֤ʲôֽŶûɱˡ
ϣǧѩЩᣬöϴ赤ֻģֻ˭ģ
ǧѩҧɪɪͱٽƱˣöϴ赤ֻ㻻ֻ˭ģһʼͲ뽫ϴ赤ңԣʮжϴ赤
һɫøΪˣжҵʲôˣ
ǧѩ˫ֻأ㲻Ҫоϴ赤𣿶ȴûоԣ㽫ҵϴ赤ˣöϴ赤оԲԣ
ŴͻȻ湻ḻġ
Ȼֶóһͦߵٺ˵˵Ƽҵļּ飿
ǧѩ䣬ȫǲţ˵ЩҿԿ϶㽫ϴ赤ˣȻҳϴ赤ô᲻ף
ôˣΪ㳳֣ƿһǧѩڶţ㶡
ǧѩƿһۣȴʲôҲû˵
۾Ҳͬû˵
ƿòԾ⵽ôˣ
ǧѩ𴽽ǣһڽƿ棬ǵƼǸˣΪܹоϴ赤Ȼϴ赤һ˻һöͨĵҩҳºȻûף
ˣ
ûнף
ƿһЩЦ
ͲϣǧѩףɳĴڣǧѩͳͦƯһЩĻܼʵġ
ϴ赤Ȼûнף񻹵ˣĽ⿴ġ
ƿ治˴꣬ҲΪһЩǧС㣬ЩǲҪ˵ˣǼҲᣬỻϴ赤ǲʲô᣿
ǧѩҧѾˣƿվߵģȫһ߹ģ
ʲô᣿ǧѩЦĿƿ棬ջĿ۶ţöϴ赤ֻģѵ㻻ģ
䣬ǧѩٴβԴӵƿ档
ƿ汻Ŀһˣûлϴ赤ƼûУǧѩ㵱潫ϴ赤𣿲Ҫû°
ҵȻˣȻʲôǧѩΪܺ


955 ǲٶ

ƿŴ꣬һŵûϴ赤ҪβŻǣ
ǧѩһתһ񶾵Ƿģǽϴ赤ĻúǸ𣿡
ƿЩˣһ뵽ܽǧѩˣеŭҲ˼֡
ʲôҵģЦһ
ͬʱģǶ񶾵һŪǧѩһһ㶵ġ
ŴˣֻҪ˵ЩԣͻŲѣǧѩҲˣһģĿ϶ˣǵ˭ҵϴ赤
ڻԼһǧѩҾٻˣʲôû㲻Щ𣿡
ʲôǧѩ̧ЩĪ
ƿ꣬һһϴ赤ʧѾõĵҩôͻȻأһ־ţ㲻òԾ𣿡
ǧѩܿƷе˼˵öϴ赤ͼٵģ
°ͣ˰βŵͷҾ˵ģȻöϴ赤Ϊλ˹Ź֣ʮˣҾȻûнƳеһζҩݶûбǺܹŹ𣿡
ǧѩŴ꣬ѹ
öϴ赤ǼٵģʱǼٵʮھˮƯˣ
ǧѩָ⣬ҲٵģǼٵģ
Ҳֻǲ²ѡ˵һ䣬öϴ赤ʵڹŹֵĺܣųǼٵĿԣ
ǧѩȫŭɫ
üٵϴ赤ŪңǧѩҧгݣɣҲܳƿھȥ᳡ȥ
䣬ǧѩ뿪Ƽң᳡
ϴ赤ǼٵĻôöϴ赤ͶǼٵģʱ϶кܶȥ᳡ˣܵõ⳥ĿԾͻ÷ǳ
ǧѩŭģһ룬Ҳƽ
᳡ſڣǧѩ᳡쳣ƽȫû˵ļЩ˻ûѾ˺ˣõ⳥ˣ
һ룬ǧѩ̧Ž᳡УҲҵˡ
һ߽ͱſڵһС˸ˣԲˣ᳡ŵʱϣʱ磬˲Щ
ǧѩΪ᳡жΣҧ˫˶ҡҡ׹ǿЩҽȥҪǵĹ˵
Сţɣɹؿ㻹Щɡ
ǰٰѲϷУǧѩõɴ˫˼ٵϴ赤ǲǾͲҿˣǲǾͲǽȥֻһˣ
һС
ٵϴ赤
ʲô˼
ˣ㾿˵ʲô˵ףСǧѩɫƵ᳡Ӳٶ˵ʱעִ硣
ݺݾһǧѩ˫ʲôвٶ
ǲԼϴ赤ʲôأ
ǧѩûոǴǰЩҵϴ赤ǼٵģҪ⳥ʧȻǲߵģ
Сϴ赤Ǽٵģ
ô֪
ôϴ赤ֻһ˵ǼٵģŮôµİɣ
СƬ̣ǧѩҲ
㲻µİɣǰЩ˺üϴ赤ɴδֵġ
ǰ㲻թɣ
ҲǴҹ㣬οҪأ
СǲȨҲ˼ֱ֮ɫ
ǧѩǵò壬ҧҧòһԼҵϴ赤ǼٵģһЧҲûУһҪһͣ
Сǻţ
ǧѩੲݣܿͽ˹ʲôˣ
һСǾҵĹһæΧȥ£Ůµģ˵ǰЩȥϴ赤ǼٵģҪֻһ
ٵģ
ֻһ
²۾˫֮ȫǷ֮ɫֻµİɡ
ǰЩӻһλӵ˵ϴ赤Чǳãλӵܺ˶ɣѾ׵ħʦˣ
ɴ˿ɼЩϴ赤ģѵõļƷ
¾Ȼ˵ϴ赤ǼٵģԾµġ
ҿµ˭³һһףüеЦҲΪ˼֣ҵ˭ԭǹ㰡ǰЩ㲻ϸң˵ʮ̫ˣǼ۸Լģйĵ
һСҲ׷׼˵յĳ
ȷиɵŮڸмۣеͦģһӾͽеʮڽңºŮ˾ˡ


956 Ծµ

ڹµߣûŮ˿ӡ
£ŮͻȻ˵ϴ赤ǼٵģԾթġ
Сǽǧѩ΢
ǧѩǿͷƤ飬һ뵽ϴ赤飬㿪żɽǰЩҲǱҩˣ־ѣºǽҩ𣿿أȴһżٵϴ赤ǵҺ۸
ԭΪ᳡ܺãȴ룬Ȼٻ
ٻ۾һɫЩɱ˵᳡ö⣬ȥĽƷƷδκμٻ
ҵϴ赤ǼٵģǧѩŭʵЩ
ߣ֣Ȼ˵Ǽٵģܷó֤
ǧѩһȥ˼֣֤ݰ򴽽ǣһŵ૵û֤ݰҾ֤ݣҳϴ赤Ժûнףһ㷴ӦûС
˵ϴ赤ϴ跥
ȥԺֻûЩۣʹԺûκθоˣһˬжûС
Ǳƭ˰ɣ
ԾԱƭҲ´ǧѩۣȷûнףϴοһģһ˵ʲôأ
һûгԵҩֻթһǮأ
üһ˼֣ûʵʵ֤ݣͲ˵᳡Ķм٣ûнǸеźûгϴ赤أ
ҳ˰ǧѩ粵
û̶˵ңϴ赤Ƕ˵ԼѾˣҶ
ǶˣǧѩȻԲ˫
ǰƿֵ꣬ȻǶܽףΪʲôأⲻϴ赤⣬ɣ
⣿
ǧѩȫԸȥţ츳ãֻʲôأ
ѲΪ˺ڰᣬΪڰ壬ԲŻ޷ϴ赤Ч
ģ
ôǧѩ͵ҡͷ͸һĨţʲôģ϶ǵϴ赤ԣ˵Ӷˣʲô֤ݣܰĸӶ
ڳŷѾƹˤˡ
¶ܾЩ裡
ʱЯ˶ģһվͷЦӭ£վͷʲôѲкöˣǰЩӵϴ赤𣿡
ϴ赤ۣǧѩ͵سӿȥֻһۣЩϤ
ϴ赤ûУмƷλҪҪЦʣŤͷһ䣬λӣǳϴ赤Ժǲ
λӣǵǧѩϴ赤ˡ
ǧѩ˵ԺҲϳˣˣҪһ𰸡
ӱǧѩĿⶢЩ飬Ůǲвһֱʲô
ӽĿƿƽ֮ŵѽϴ赤ˣǵʱԺ󣬾ûۣоԼҪһ
ۣ
ǧѩ˫һµҩԺҲ۵ģ
Խ˵Խ𾢣ʱ̫ˣǻΪʹ۹֮󣬾ȻһˬϮָоһƮƮȻģָоҲʧǷԼȻˣɰ˷ܻˡ
뵽շ飬ȫЦ⣬þòɢȥ
ǧѩŤ˼֡
۹֮󣬾ʲôоҲûˣʲôˬУʲôƮƮȻУ
ûУȫûǧѩָ⣬ѲɣԼϣ
˵ʲôŤͷǧѩ
ǧѩԼУδ˵
۾ֵǱǵϴ赤ӣǳϴ赤Ժ󶼽ˣɼЩϴ赤ûʲô⡣
£ô˰Щֵʣϴ赤ãʲô⣿
Ȼָָǧѩλ˵᳡ϴ赤Ǽٵģֻعء
һñĵĿ⿴ǧѩ
Ȼ˵ϴ赤Ǽٵģ
Ծµİɣ
Ӷǧѩһſ˵£Ů˾ˣŮһµģϴ赤Чãôͱɼٵˣ
һ䣬ӹЦеıҲ˼֡
ҲˣһǰЩǻһţأ
˶ˣôܾŮûнףҪôŮѹûϴ赤ҪôŮ岻ԣ


957 ҲŲǱ

Ӷǧѩϲ²
Ů˲Ǻڰ߹ɣҼǵãڰħʦǲֽܳ׵ҩģڰĸ˲ͬԺڰƵҩܼס
Ҳ˵ƵҩǸڰ߼ԱԵİɣ٣СආͳԲ
ǧѩָͷƤҲ
ħʦ
ҩƷ
Ż˷ϵħΪӵϵħأҲȷǿһʱѾˣͣ׶Ρ
ᣬҪʲôҩܽװɣ
Щڰ˴δ˵Щ֪϶ᱻģ
ιŮˣ㲻Ǻڰ߹ɣؿǧѩһڰᣬеŭɫ͸Ũ
ڰǶ˺
˵ǵĻ᳤ѾˣǸҲûмңǣ֮һ־أ
ǵǧѩһӾͻˡ
¿ˮæ͵ǣҲǺڰˣǿɱϹ˵
ΪʲôܽװЩشǧѩͦƯġ
ҡǧѩҧȫҲκνڡ
ô˵أ
ӹЦ㲻ûϴ赤£Ǯɣ
ûУǧѩ˫ͨ죬Ǯ
Ϊʲô˵ϴ赤ǼٵİۣЩͱˣҲͦϲ˵ģϴ赤ȣǸϲϴ赤
۾ǰΪҪ˵ϴ赤ǼٵģҪûó֤ҪôǸϸҲ׷ˡ
ǧѩ˼ţͻȻԼϴ߲ˡ
ǻţ¿ܾͻᱻֵʱͻΪ˺ĶҲҲ֮ˡ
ǧѩȨ֮£Ǹҧҧ˺ðβſڵǸԺģͳһͨҩһΪϴ赤ΪǼٵˡ
˵ˣüһֵ˵ء
˵ע£ǧѩЩѵؿڵڲҺֻǳһͨҩʲôϴ赤ŪˣԲ𡣡
ǧѩŵ̬˵һ䱧Ǹ
ºӲЦ
Цǧѩ˫һ죬˶ȷǳ޲Ҹضȥ
ЦһӣЦֹͣˣ¿ǧѩԺ᳡ܲǶλġ
Σ
ǧѩҧҧܾԼǱˣǷŵ̬ͷ֪ˡ
ոѾƼˣɲܵ᳡ʱ᳡ýˣڳôܻȥ
ȻһжᣬǹǷԻȥˣ۾ɫЩÿ᳡ϻῪţϲĻ
ˣǧѩˣҲƵ뿪ˡ
һȥڻϼǧˮڻͻһԵõģԼǱγĶԱȡ
ǧѩƹǻصȴƫǷˡ
㡣ǧˮỽһ
Ҳ۾ӴǧҵĴС㰡˵ǰЩһöϴ赤
ǧѩ½Ųض
ڣϴ赤⼸ˣ
ûеɫһ˵ϴ赤ǿǴ˵еĵҩǧСãȻֵҩ
ǧѩŪûڣ㵽˵ʲô
һһߵϴ赤ʵܾˣʱƼҾ͵ǧСˡ
ǧѩ䶯ǣû˵
˵ʲô
˵ϴ赤ûнף˵ڰˣԲܽף
㣬ϴ赤𣿡ǧˮЩʣôûнװ
ǧѩһҲһ䱸ؿǧˮⲻûгϴ赤ϴ赤ʥĶҵȻҪһЩȽϺãϾֻһŰ
ǧˮӦһ
ǧѩۣɫѵУϹ˵ֻбڰˣϴ赤ŲףʥŮôܲף
ǧˮŴ꣬ȫû뵽һ㰡
ڰĸ˲ܽף
ǧѩͻȻ˵Щʲô
ǧˮ۾ܾǧѩˡ
ЩˣȥϢˡǧѩ̧뿪Դڼһûиǹ
ıӰЩʲô̬ΪԼˣһǧèһӾ𣿡


958 һ

ǧˮᳶ°ڣף˵ɣ´ܵ谮Ǳˣֻ»᲻á
ס˼ֲۣûǧٷӰ˿
˵仰ԺǧˮҲǧѩ뿪ķȥ
ղֻڶһ죬˭룬ǧѩȻ뵽Ƿȥˡ
ڰĸ˳ֵҩԺ󣬵ȷǲܽ׵ģΪǵ幹Ѿ˲ͬˣǧѩΪͻȻҪ˵£ҵʱıܻǧˮһתǧѩЩԾ
Īǣڰĸйϵ
ǧˮԼ²һɾŹ־²ܺȻǧѩĪ
ץǧѩİѱһЦ
ˮʲôվһ࣬ǧˮŹ֣һ
ǧˮѸٻҲڵȥûʲôֻǾøղŴЩصģҴȥοһ¡
ȴ֮ԱǣʲôðοģǧҵĵճŮｫЩ˷ȥοָεļ㣬⻹ڣҲվȽŸ¡
뵽⣬һʹ֮ɫ
ǸŮö˶˾Ȼ˺ڰᣬǺͿ
ǧˮһ´ǣȴҲ˵ˡ
ڰ֣ɫЩƣۣˣѾǲḴģҲɵȻڰᡣ
ǧˮ䶯꣬ǧѩҲ˺ڰᡣ
û֤ݣ˵һǧѩ֣ǾҪٱڵĲ״ûôɵ
ĸŮڻ˵˻ŸԻصС
ʱǧѩ᳡ѾڳдϢѸӣŪǽ֪
һȤţԺеǧ˫ҲһĨ£ǧѩȻȥ᳡ˣµ棿
棡ɴɴСϢˣȥֵģ˵ǳϴ赤ԺȻûнףϴ赤ǼٵģҪ⳥ء
ûнף
ǧ˫ϴ赤Чǳûܽװǧѩûгϴ赤ǣЩʲô⡣
˵ɴɴڣü֮ȫѤЦ⣬ʱǧѩһҧϴ赤ǼٵģͻȻˣӵʱҲϴ赤һɹˣأ
ǧ֪Լϴ赤ǲġ
һ˻ʺЩļпܵġ
ϴ赤Ǵ˵еĵҩЧȻǷǳġǧƿ꣬ѾͨˣʺЩģļǿܵġ
ɴɴڱģãҵʱûȥ᳡ûܼʶϴ赤ʵЩź
ǧָ⣬Ҳ˼ŵҪҪһϴ赤
ɴɴһ㱹Ц˵ʱϴ赤ţĿűˣһűǸǧѩߵģӶˣΨǧѩûнҾðɣϴ赤϶ģҪôǧѩڹҲ磬Ҫôʲô⣡
ǧһͬصͷҲôá
ɴɴ䴽һǱ͵֣ʱǧѩţŵ˵ˣųԼŪˣµͨҩϴ赤ֻһѡ
᣿ǧšüͷܾûô򵥡
ɴɴͷǰ˵ᣬܾûô򵥣ǧѩֺͿ֮ˡ
ͦǧۣںֳһĨ⣬Ĺâŷ⺧ˡ
˽ǧѩŮûаٷְȷ֮ǰǲȥ۵ģǧѩ˵ϴ赤Ǽٵģô϶Ѿùˡ
ɷԺȷûнףԣΪϴ赤ǼٵģŻȥ᳡ֹ
ȻӶˣΨֲֻĲ鲻Ը˵ԼԴҩˡ
Ϊʲôֲأ
Щڲ²⣬ǧѩܱڰˡɴɴԴٴ˵ϵȤţڰˣȻܻħҲܱһЩǵѾ˲ͬˣǲͬѰһ׵ģֻڰҩƷףôҩƷ󣬺ڰǲóġ
ˣ
˲ͬ
ǧһеĲ²ⶼѻһ𣬻һͨ˳ҲȻ
ǧѩǱڰģŲ׾ɿˣΪ뱻˷Լʵݡ
һ֣Ҫȫ½Χˣʱ˺ڰᣬ֮
ߣǧѩԭǱϵħʦǱĻܻһħǻϵϵҲпǷϵ


959 ǧ˴

˵ϵǰҩʦϣǸŮõľǷϵħ
ǸŮ˶ԼϤҲܳʱ֪˭ϷֵһдһټլѻĺڰĶҩƺѾ֪ˡ
ǧѩǧ֣һɫ
ʵ޷ţһĸŮ˾ȻڰᣬԸΪڰū
ϸһǧѩڰҲ֮еģȻĸ͸СͼʣҲὫ޾Ԩ
ʥŮҲΪԼѪѪ˾˵ݱضҪܵ˵ĳݣͻȻ֮䣬ΪȫˣҲѪѪҲǸ߹ʥŮֻһ͵Ůˡ
ģǳĲʱڰһƻԵֵסջ
뵽˴ǧ۾һâ
ǧʲôأɴɴǰ˻ΣЦʣô񣿡
ǧٻ񣬡ǧѩ飬ܾЩŹŹֵֹġ
ɴɴգգ۾ٴοڵ㲻˵һûһ˵ҾǧѩȷЩŹ֣ϵģϵģĹŹֵĺܡ
ǧ°ͣ˳˼
Ϊ˺ڰᣬԵ
Ҳ֪ΪλŹ֡ǧһδԼĲ²˵
ɴɴָ⣬ЩǧϴθĲʵҾȻ˱ϵͽףڵͽ׺͸߽׶ˣʵָһ¥ˣ
ңأ
ɴɴ̵š
ǧ̽ȥھȻǾŽ׵ıϵħʦˡ
Ž׵ıϵǧ䴽һ䡣
ɴɴ΢죬ЩƮƮȻģǧҸ˵񿴵ˡ
ǧüһȸ½ôͻȻˣ
ɴɴƿ꣬¶ڰ׻̵ǹģּǻδ½ǴŽյģʶǰ
ǧλ²ûκκøУ۾һϧ׻ѾһŮҲˣٹϵҲ޲ġ
ɴɴɰͰһЦ֪ǧλºܳӵģ
ʲô޲εֺ
ǧһ¾ͶϷ˫Ǻ˫˵˵ȸ½λ£İ׻̣ˡ
ǳǳӦһѾߣĹĵȷ޲
ɴɴЦôоδʦҲЩ⡣
Ǵ˵еģް
޵Ĵʦȫûޣǧ˵ʲôǶԵģ
ɴɴձоԼشݣεġ
һɴɴҪ뿪ͷһ顱ǿɴɴЩ棬˭ŵʱҲôģ
ʱҹѾŴˡ
߽һף䱦ĽӲɴɴ˫һ£˶ЩƮ

ˣδϣΪӢȫζĶҩڲĿ⣬᲻ƿ
ϵĵ̣˵ÿ
ɴɴֱֱƣһʱ֮侹ŲĿ⡣
Ŀ̫ңҲɫȴһƣǳǳģ޴ӷȴʵڹ
ǧע⵽˵Ŀ⣬Ȼع𴽽ǡ
е˼
ģοһƣɤĮĺܡ
˸ſڹ΢ʰ׻̵飬Ҫ΢ߴʦ׻½һҪʦ׼ˡ
䣬ע⵽վһǧ㶡
طˣ
ϲ£
׻½ı
βһ£ȷְ׻½һҪˣġ
ɣһ׼ġεɵ
ϲʦʦطˡǧͷֿ˵һ䡣
ζףл
ǧ°ͣʱ򿪿ʵղ˵׻½ʲô֪ʲô
ҡҡͷֻ֪֪㣬ʲô֪ˡ
ǧӦһڲЩ˷ܣϲֱˣҵܷһʺƣ
˵һ䣬ǡ
ҪߣɴɴҲû׷ȥ
ǵıӰǧЦζе˼أ
ε˼ۣɫ䣬˵飬ֻ˼


960 µĴ

˵Щʱ鵭ģƤӶûգһ£ɾⷬŪǧˡ
淸档ǧߣСִؿڣĲ˵Щ֪
ҡҡͷһѿסĺһڣ㣬
ܵϵȶȣǧЩѣ
ȵģЩ飬رǧ򴽰꣬Щܡ
οס°ͣҪȥʱ򣬾Ϳϲִ˳Ϊ˲̻Сӣ̽ɿڳһƮȻɵģ
ǧʶգգ۾ķЩȣ
ףʲôϲ۾һ䡣
θֶδ˵Щʲô
ǧȴЦ˵һ䣬˫΢죬̸Ķѣˣղɴɴˣ˯
ϲֻͦϲɴɴģһˣ˫һˣеɫ
ףôѱϲ𴽰ꡣ
˯ô죬ײİǧԴ˼ѡ
ұôôɰİ
ϲֱӣ˯ͦԺһǧ˵ˣղɴɴ˵ǧѩϴ赤Ժ󣬺ܽס
ε˫Ŀһ¡
ܽ¶ɾʹһ˳ϴ赤϶ܽ׵ģ״Ŀɾ˵׼ˡ
ңһ״ģ඼Ǳڰģǧѩ治ܽ׵ĻƸڰѲϵ
ڰˣƿ꣬Ŀ䡣
ǧۣмĿǡ
δ˵Ŀȴ˷
ǧŪָ⣬ǧѩһĸǿŮˣѾѪѪеǵ㼵ʾ͸ˣֻҪڰԼӹƻϹˡ
β˵ͷ⻰˵ЩǧѩȷټϴѳĶҩҪͺڰƲϵѡ
ǧͷ¿ȷˣӦΣ
ɡγݾˣǻá
԰ǽڰʲôġ
ǧҲͬĹ۵㣬ͦãĹעʲôжҲڵһʱ֪
ͷĿº͡
ף˵ʲôϲЩʡ
ǧһ䣺ǵϴ۸Ĵ𣿡
ϲգգ۾λǧѩĴ
˿ˣֻЩŪˡ
Ȼǵˣϲֱ죬Сȫŭɫλɻɻˣϲ
ǧֵλڿܼһ֯أ
ϲеıĸԣִһǸɷӣаְ֯
ǧЦԴǰִͻ͸ˡ
ϲֱһƣȻһҪֻΪ
ǧЦӦãġ
ӷϲˣ䴽Цø仨һ
ǧһ䣬һ뵽ǧѩ飬۾ںֳһĨɫĵģΪˡ
ڰô˼
ǧüһеɫΪŨ˼֡
κ֣Դš
ǧ΢΢̧еɫҲ˼֣򴽽ǣȴʲôҲû˵
롣ɤ쳣ȻѾ֪ǧѩݣͶһ۶˲ǵġ
ǧƿ꣬Ҿѣûеġ
ǳЦĿˮ
ͬһʱ̣ɴɴլӳԺ󣬾ڳϹš
úܸߣҲܿࡣ
ɴɴֻؿڵĵطֻСһЩ
ȸǺܳȻɴɴŶУǹŲɴɴġ
ɴɴҲʶһ㣬Сǵͨ죬ȴЦݣʮֲãżҸС
ɴɴۣÿرζ
ǰܾᣬر䣬ƵģҲͦµģദ˻ͦ΢̰һЩȴϸķǳ
ɴɴС˳ۡ
ڿʲôɴɴ˫һš
ɴɴ·ܵһ㣬˴ԭأҲһƬף֪˵Щʲô
죬͵ץɴɴը˻ΪɴɴԼüͷΪ˼֡
£
ңʶһ䡣
ɴɴ˫Ǻ죬æҪʲôûаûа


961 

۾ԾΪҪı鿴ң
ɴɴһı飿
ʲô鰡
ɴɴЩĪҡҡͷûаĲ㣬ģġ
ؿһۣȴʲôҲû˵
˵ɴɴָ⣬ͷҲڲͣشģѲˣ
ɣҲûʲôɴɴͷѰЩʵҪȥĶ
䲻ʣһۣſ˵׼סЩӣҪȥ
һƬɭ֣ɭоۼźЩħޣرʺϽȥ
ɴɴҪڳڴЩӣ˫˲ˣղŻܱڳ׾ƿ˵ҲȥɭҪͬаɣ
붼û͵ͷӦˣá
ɴɴֺˣֱ֡
һۣĵ׺һǳǳģЩײ
˺ܿɭУɭïܣдеģħ޶͵͵۲࣬ƺѰһʵʱ֡
ɴɴҵӣ
ǰͷӲżֲɡ
ɴɴЩԵգգ۾ΪҪǰȥ
ûΪʲôǹԹߵǰȥˡ
ˣԲˣֻҪһ̧ܿɴɴӰǷʲô¶Ҳõһʱ֡
ղʵ̫Σգǳ£Ҳܵһʱְ
ɴɴǲôĿģɺȻģоһůϮҲ֪Ϊʲô
һ˼ֻħޡ
ħֻףȴ׺ĺܣһ첻µزµģɴɴһҹȥħֱӱԭأûֱˡ
ЩȵؿɴɴŽˣͽ׺͸߽ױϵܶˣ
죬ʲôСӵǺá
ǲµ뷨ɴɴͷҲðɣֻԵãǧʵˣҰѼҵģ
ٴס֪ʦ˻ı¡

ɴɴЦݲã飬Ҳܿٽףֱӱ˾Žױϵħʦ
һꡣ
ħʦǿⲻûеģħʦܿף߲ûʲô飬ֻܿԼһһ㽫ʵֻҪ㹻ٶȣܽħʦǵ߾Ӯ
ΪħʦħһЩʻǺܲġ
Ȼǧֱ̬⣡
ɴɴֹ˵ţƿһ䣬𣿡
붼ûͿڣ
ɴɴеɫ峺˼֣Ҳģ
˵ĶЩ죬۷۵ģҺñ鷢סûɴɴ
СôͻȻ˵ֻˣ
ĪЩ˼ڳ˼ɴɴ룬Ҳûٿڡ
ɭˣԽ˾ԽСģЩӶҲˣɭΣգЩӶƲɡ
ȴǸңȸ½Ĵ󽫾Ȼη壬ȻҲܴһʿ
ɴɴǰͷҲ޾ɫѾǾŽħʦˣȻҪһЩ߼ħޣȻʵӵģ
ԽԽľɹľĵطΣҲ͸࣬סҲСĽŹκη紵ݶ
ôһ·ûһֻħްɴɴ򴽽ǣʵ̲ס˾Ϳһ䡣
̧ԽǸ߼ħޣԽǶȻ͵͵ǣѰʵʱǾͻǡ
ɴɴӲЩ
͵ܸоò
СڵǾΣգȻȥ
ǱСˣɴɴ죬Ҳµģ
䣬ڳһ¸ηӣȥ
ĺףСٶȵˣСӳǿģͦɰ
˼һħ޵ĺԶ
~~~~~~~
żķİţһѹ֮ɴɴһʶ˽Ų
ǿѹԲͨħޡ~~~~~~~
ħ޻ڼУԶ·Ѱʲôζһ㣬ǰ
ɴɴƣͷƤЩ飬ûв´ĻںеħʮϣӦѾǵʥħް죬ǾȻʥħˣ
ɴɴſˮڲ֪Ѿ˺ˮȴ΢΢ţ񻹺˷ܵӡ


962 ħ޹

𣿡ɴɴ˫ʥ׵ħް
ܹܣܵõս飬ð
ˡͦ˷ܣͻȻ˷ܲˣֻϵʥħޡ
ȻɴͷҲǿֹֻһֻʥħޣǻܹԸģֻϵĻȫӦԡ
ܣһǳ
ɴɴ΢㶣ҲӺЩʲô붼ûȾܡ
ʥħиӦܵøˣգ֮ͽΧס
~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~
ʥħǿֹģͷǣ׺ЩˣӾеħƵġ
ŽΧסʥħޣɴɴͷƤٴη顣
Ȼֻʥħްɴɴ̿ˮʶǱ߿˿ֻʥħޣڸΣ
ҧҲЩգЩ֪Ͳɴɴˣֻһ˵ĻͻãƴҲɱΧ
¶һɴɴͲشɱķҪնɱͬʱ֤İȫ
һնɱһ߻Ҫʵ̫ѣһŪòãʥħצ¡
һܣЩħ۾˵
ɴɴһͷᵽɤ۶ˣšü㵽˵ʲôôħһôĿ
ҧܻа취ġ
ɴɴǲͬɣֻʥħްǱץס϶׶༪٣Ǳϵħʦñԭأǻϣļʾ͸ߡ
Ŵû˵һ仰
ɴɴҧ꣬㲻ҪˣСӣǷǳʱڣҪϣȻһأܲ
Ļе
ǴˣûнЩħĻվɣǾ໥ϡڣĿӲɫ
ɴɴһеɫΪ˼֡
ֻʥħ޻ڶǻģΣգݲκβأ
˶һۣͬʱˡ
ɴɴϵħһɲǣѩǵضһĨǵ⣬ֱӽЩʥħ޶ԭء
ʥħ㲻ıԭأѲˡ
ɴɴˣ˫ӵ־ԺıϵħΪȶˣ¾ܽʥħ޶ԭء
Ȼʱ䲻̫ôǸͻư
ɴɴĹ鿪ģȴҲҴ⣬Ťͷ˵Ѿħ޶ԭˣħ̫ãǿܡ
ͷɴɴתܡ
ϤϤ
ҴҵĽŲɭƴɭȥƬ̶ҵ顣
Ҳ֪˶ã˶Щģɲͣһͣ±Щħ׷˿ô죿
ɴɴһͻȻͫ׽һ£Ҳ˲
ôЩħô׷ˣ
ѾǶԭΪǻ죿
𿴡
ɴɴȻջĿ⣬Ҳҿˡ
ʱһֻʥħѾƽɴɴˣŵôҴ
ħ޹˻᲻Ὣһһնɱ
ɴɴƣЩĻŻš
򶨣ȴҲЩҡ
ֻħͬʱһϵĻҧ˫ȥˡ
ƴǰţǲһͷһͷܲˡ
ɴɴ򴽰꣬ʶһ䣬ǻûµģԲԣ
ûгɣƿ͵£һµġ
ɴɴӣ֪侹ȻŤͷһۣܹһĻʵҲġ
ǲԲ
~~~~~~~
ħ޵ĺƽǽͷƤ顣
ɴɴ䣬ٴϵħת˲䣬ıѩٴǵضǱѩ˲佫·θˡ
ҲǺܺõṩʱ䡣
ɴɴһϲɽȥȴǳԤϵġ
ֻʥħޣƵĴӱѩ˳һٳɴɴǹ˹ȥ
ֻʥħ޿ڼɵɴɴıϵħŤתһ򣬾ֱֱķɱȥ
ɴɴͷһȻɴ
ʥħ޵ĹƺǿץĻ϶׶༪٣
ɴɴģ˶ʼҡҡ׹ˡ
У
ϵģɴɴﲻô˵ţȻ֮䣬ҲһĨ֮ɫ
ֻʥħ޼ʱɴɴҲ֪ĶȻϣѪֵ֮˹ơ
͡һ
еɴɴѪߵķݰڵء


963 Ҳµ

顱ɴɴðǣ¶ѪѪƵġ
ΪԼɣ֮Ȼûܵκʹ֮С
ŤͷһǰһĻʱ˶ʼ궯
ѪȫѪ
ɴɴϸȾѪѪɫʹ˫ͷӶ⡣
ɴɴΪ˾ԼȻģ˫˫֮ɺ첻ѣôôɵ
һһѳǰɴɴڻС
ʥħ޵ĹƼΪǿɴɴʲУѱùͷϣ˿ֻһϢؿУҪˡ
Ϊɵҧ˫һ䡣
ҡɴɴҪȥգͷѾˣô̧
ֱץַԼϡ
ɴɴЦʵҲ֪ΪʲôʱҾǲ£Ȼжϡ
˫ζ˵һ仰
ɴɴһѪֵʵϲ
˵ö϶Ҳᡣ
ûܽĻ˫ȴǽûзſ
ֻħɻģȴûκж·ڶŪ
㽫ҷ°ɣѾܲˡɴɴ˿ңҲֻܳΪ׸Ƿңܻӳ졣
Ȼɴ۾ȫ¶͸¶һɫ

Բܣ
붼룬ǲὫµġΪ֣۲Ҳ΢΢ζһ뿪Ҳµġ
ɴɴȫǲͬſҰɣһġ
ġһ֡
ɴɴһ£Ҫ뿪
ȫĹͷˣѲ
ͳһöҩɴɴ£ɳµҩԺɴɴϵȴûкת
ҧأҪЩ뿪ҵõҩֻħƿͼˢˢǰ
¶ɫȵÿ
ֻħ޶ԣڿСƵġ
ȡ䳤͵Ц̧ʱ۵һƬɺɫǰɱ
ԻὫɴɴȫͻȥģԻᣡ
ɴɴֽϣҪֻħһ
ÿ˶ǱһΣ٣Ǳͻᱬڵٶȣõĳǿ˿ɵС
ӶƴҪ̴ֻħޡ
ֻħޱģһЭײѪ
͡
ȫ¶ûһõĵطѪɴɴòȥûԽսԽ¡
ֻһͷǰɴɴȫͻȥµģ
ٴγֽϣǸӡ
ֻʥħޣҲ˼ˣһ˲侹˼ֺ֮⣬񾭲ôСǱȴ쳣ĸߣеѻЩʥħ޶úм֮
ȥĻֻǻܵġ
ֻħ޶һۣ֮󾹲ֻӻɭ֮С
뿪ɴɴϣ뿪ط
ɴɴ㿴𣿡ƿ꣬뿪ɭˣû£Ҳû¡
شֻɴɴĺǳ·һͻʧһ㡣
ͷһȴ֪ʲôҩܹɴɴС֣ȻСֱ쳣Ƶġ
ͷһæǽɴɴӱϷȴͻȻɴɴ촽Щϣжļ󰡡
ֻħж
ԼҲЩԴرأǰľҲЩԺģ·ʱҪһ
Ҳжˣ
ٴһҧ˫ƴԼ¡
ԼҲµĻɴɴ͸Σ˿ɵ˭ܰǽ䶾˭ܽɴɴĹͷӺأ
һԺкֳֿ
ʦ
ʦһܽɴɴκõġ
뵽˴ɴɴ첽ȥҷΡ
ȫѪգһо˲ɧǻΪǿֲӣֱֱƣֲǰصظó˵·
ˣ㳩ͨһլſڡ
ǰȥţûҹͽլӴŴˣһ˻Ѫҹһ¡
佫ǣ
ûлشֱӱɴɴ뵽լͷʦ𣿡
ڵģԺСҹش
ͱɴɴ뵽ԺУʦ
ǧ˵һЩõػһѪһ¡


964 ˼

ϵʱ򻹺úõģôһӾȾѪˣ
ô£ǳʡ
ǧĳҲ㶣㻳еĲɴɴɣ
ͷֻԴˣҧ˫ֱƷһ˿ζûɿǸղȥɭֻʥħޣɴɴҵطħ޵Ĺƣűӵġ
ǧŴꡣ
ֻʥħޣ
ǵҲ̫˰ƣأ԰ҲңûΪҪɭȥߣûߣҲģ
ҧȫǻںޡ
ǧۣЩȥˣڲʱǵҪȽɴɴκãҿ촽ϹжˣӰȥֻ»ʱ䡣
Ҳʶһ㣬æǿڵһҪȾһҪ
ģǻġǧŴ򿪣ʾ˷Žȥ
װŽ˷ŵ˴ϡ
ǰΪɴɴüͷšš
ôˣأǧһ
Ҳᵽɤϡ
Щءƿ꣬˶ȫĹͷѾˡ
ǧëһָҲ£Ȼа취𣿡
ƿ꣬취Ȼеģֻǹ΢ЩʹѣϾҪͷϣҪЩġ
ܾȻͳɡǧɴɴ϶ҲܳԿ࣬ҲǸ͵ĹֻǽӹǶѣܵס
˼أŤͷȥƺѯ
һҪ̬ҲǼħʦԲܲˡ
һħʦʹ䣬Ǻɱʲô
Ųɴɴħʦ֮·
ٴο˵ɣһƿӹɢʱⶫ뵽ˮУɴɴˮУ˼ɡ
䣬óһƿⶾҩǽⶾҩһὫӹɢһͬˮоͳɡ
֪ŮбǧƿӹɣȥˮɴɴȽҰɡ
꣬˼˵ܲܽȥɴɴߣ
ǧ½ŲЩЦؿʱһὫɴɴ·ѹ⣬һһ߲ɣ
ǧ˶٣ֵɴɴķʲôģźýȥɣȻˣå
Ӳ˲Ҳˡ
ѹ⣿

죬ӣ
ſˮͷЩˣҲȥˣʦһҪչ˺
֪ɴɴҵѰǧһЦ뵽зˮˡ
ɴɴ뵽ˮԺˮеĽӹɢܿͷЧá
⿩⡱
ͷĿϴϣ࣬ͦҲ˵ͷƤЩ飡
ǧһԣϸ۲ɴɴ飬ֻ˫ղҰףͷҲ˺ˮɴ˿ɼӹǵʱ򵽵жۡ
ǧʵڿȥιɴɴһЩˮȡ
ˮһǣɴɴϵĲҰɫҲ͵ȥ˺ö࣬ǲЧˡ
ǧ֣ḧŪɴɴĶͷɵѾͷô뵽Ҫֵģϲ
ɴɴһֱڻԣǧԹ˵ǽŵģ϶ҲиоˣЩˣͶӽƣΣ
ɴɴûлӦнӹǵС˲٣ǿˣϵɫҲѾûˣѾȫˡ
ǴʦⶾӹǵģȻô죿ǧһɴɴĶͷ˵һ䡣
ǧղ˵˼𣿡ɴɴȻ۾ֱӰǧһ
ǧû׼ֱӱһ
ָоͻȻթʬһʵˡ
ǧؿڣšüˣܲǰ˵һҶ챻ˡ
ɴɴһЦǧ첻µز£Щ
ǧһۣ͸ͻȻթʬһ䲻ðһ仰˵²¡
ɴɴɵЦҲ˵
ǧһۣЩ֣ղҲֹ˼䣬㣬ҲڻԵУ㾹ü˵Щʲô
ɴɴƿ꣬ʱѾЩʶˣҲ˵ʲô˵˼𣿡
꣬ɴɴһ죬Ҳƺˮ
ǧһۣѾûˣȫ˰֮УȻǸ
˵Щɣ˻㲻ġ
ǧûж˵ֻǽղıȫ˵˳ղżż뷿ˣɹйŮǲãҾ͸ܾˣ㲻Ұɣ


965 ˵ú

ôᣡɴɴɴ۾˫պþ͸ƻһôء
ʲôûһƼʲôܹˣ
֪ʲôǧ°ͣ٩Ǳļģ㲻ǾͿ㸺ô壬϶㸺𰡡
ɴɴգգ۾ȴָֺܿǣⲻɵģô붼ЩðֻĸԸǿʲô
ҲֻǿЦǧЦ
ɴɴ죬ЦˣǱˣ˻Ϊ˵Ůӣ
֪ˣҾ͸˵˵ǲġǧЦš
أˣɴɴЩŵʡ
ղֻħǿͻΧأ
᲻˰
΢һЩǧҲòȥǴͻΧģƴ׼ȫѪڼʱˣȻɵġ
ɴɴָ⣬ңԼߣΪɵ
ǧۣһɫߣΪһŹ
ɴɴһǲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧһķˣ˵ƷôҲǰŤͷͻὫˡ
ɴɴŴǲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧ䣬ңûн£˵Ʒܲ˻ܹġ
뵽ƴԼģɴɴüһЦҲůģͺˮƵġ
ҧ°ͣһߵȻŰ壬Ʒû˵ģһʼͦҲͦģɽģ֪Ϊʲôᱻˡ
ǧֻˮһݵúˡ
ǧ˵ϲ𣿡ɴɴָ⣬ЩЩȷһ䡣
ǡǧۣǵЦǲҲҪ׿˵ȽϺãҪȥʣ
ɴɴƤӱһӾͽǧסˣͻȻȥʿ϶Żģһһ𣿡
ǧ˫ٴεЦһƤӱ궼ûɣʱ˼Ҫʮüˡ
ɴɴ˫һӾͺˣôûõ𣿡
ǧЦ
ɴɴŪˣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧʵھˣ
ɴɴ̧һֱۣǷԼܹˣЩʥħĹͷҲ½ˣе⣬ûоˡ
Ѿоöˣ΢Щɴɴʵ˵š
ǧֵڴ䣬Ǿͺˣţȥƽ
ɴɴϸȥĺֳˣԼȥʱǧ˵Ҷû׼
ǧ٩֪Ƥӱ
˵ţǧƿ뿪
ԺתһȦδַκӰ
ܿģǧĿͷдһ˵˵ΪϤǷǡ
ǧһϲæͷŴ򿪣һȥ㿴ڴϣһӲϾЩ԰ס
ôˣ˵ú𣿡ǧǰһ䡣
һǧˣε˫ͱ쳣֮ڷ·һĨˮɫǳǳζţÿ쳣
ƿ꣬ɤƽҲƽ˼ͣɴɴ˵ûҪһЩڼʱˣѾΣա
ǧ󣬲Ȼɴɴ˵ûҪأȻܳסɴɴɼΪҲһɱ
ζˣȷܽɴɴԵߵ
ɴɴôˣ۾ȻɫҰףܲҳ˹С
ǧƺżֹŹֵζͦõģ㲻õġ
ŷұˡ
ǧ۾ƺŹ´ֱۣˣǧſڵҷܹɴɴҮ
󣬲֪ΪξȻһҲһĨɫӣĿƵ𴦣ȴĺܣ³µģҹҲӦá
ǧһЦġ
ЦˣлЩڣֲ˵ʲôֻ򴽳Ĭš
Ѿ궾̧վǧߣڰС֡
ǧСٶŪûһû䴽Цתͷʵ㵱ʱڳɭʥħ޵𣿡


966 ɵ

ǵģʱҪɭȥȴƫֻʥħޣ׺ǳҲǧٹ֡
ǧ󣬲˼
˵һɭвôʥħޣһֻҲͶˣһӳֻʵЩֵĽ
ң½Ƭɭֲ֣Ǻܶ࣬ʥħǷ˻ɵˣȻѡϡٵɭ־ס
ǧø첲ⶥ˶εĸ첲ΣЩˣһɭǲôʥħ޵ģҳɭеֲ࣬ʥħѾǣӦǲɵġ
νëȷЩΡ
ڴϵüͷһšҲ
ҾãӦȥɭơǧֳ°ͣͻȻôʥħ޿ɲãһǵأ
ǰ飬ݰɣ
ϾڰᲢûбһأ
νִǧϣΪԷһǵȷӦȥɭơ
˵ͷƤЩˣħ޹֪ģϾڰҪʱ򣬾ͻᰲżħǡ
ǰѧԺصһΣʧأʦ˺ڰᡣ
ŭʦУ̤벽
ɭͻȻôħޣĪǣڰҪˣ
ڰҪأ۾һ䡣
ǧ˼ۣʲôҲû˵
ۣ˼֣ɣڰ᳤𣿡
ǧֳ˼ۣһŹֵЦݡ
湻ģִҲŰ
ҡǧָָԼǲ̣Щ͹Ź֣ǴǸѾԱˣڲǻúúõģ
䶯˫Ժһ֣ƺ֪ҪʲôģȻɴҲ˵ڰ᳤û
˵ǧꡣǧָ⣬ԴϬڰ᳤ǸһǸʵĻ˵ô𣿡
ɣʲôʸȫ½ŷɥ
򴽣òſڵɽЩ·һֱƽ
ǧ˫ֻأ˵һ䣬Ѫ֮ܲˣ
ʱȻʡ
Ҳ˵ڰ᳤ȷǱըˣȴûֻˣըƣһ˱꣬Ҳûˡ
ȻѾˣǺβʤ׷¶ࡣ
ǧû˵ǳοһۡ
ƿܴ꣬»˿϶һ֮أҲģӲҪѰݾߡ
Ҳʦ˵üǡ
㲻˵
ǧתߣúţҺͷȥɭ̽̽
˵ͼѾԶˡ
ȥԺûֱͣȥ˳ɭС
ɭ֮к֣඼ЩӶӶ϶ѪһŶܲǵӡ
ǧ˼ۣ㽫Ŀ˻ɭʱΧӶҲ˺ܶ࣬ǶԸɭɡ
ǧ۾ܾɭߣһ˵֮Χ˿ָо֣˼ɵ
ΣûоòԾǧһ䡣
δʡ
ǧ۰ֻúëˣǰģͦ¡
νǧȦڻУĺ󱳣£ڡ
ܵϵȶȣǧ۾Ҳ˼֣ţҾͲ¡
˵ǧڵˮǳǳĺƯ
˼ɭȥҲһӶˣɭڵ֮ҲŨ·һӾܽ˶
㱻㱧ţǧԾЩɵ
ǧسɭпһۣȴʲôҲû˵
ʱǧɭĲԾˣЩ֮м䣬ǧ·ܲһɱϢΧӡ
һɱϢܵ𣿡ǧһ䡣
ƿ꣬ڵڴżˮɫתƺƽһĨ΢䣬ִ֮żа̫֮֮á
ǧͷҲΪġ
ǧٴһ䣬ϢԴͷĶ
μڵӦþǰ棬廹ǵò֤һ¡
ǧ󣬵˵ͷɣȥǰ濴һ°ɡ


967 СĶģ

εʱеˮɫ·Ҫ˲һ˵Ļ
ģ̌ЩסˣüһѸٽĿ˻ȥ
˼ǹ˲ϢŨˣǧۣԸоǹϢǴӶǿ´ġ
һΣָŶĴЩõϢǴӶ´ģΣǹȥɣ
Ҳ۳ĵĮ忡
ߵ£ǹɲϢǧӳ䣬һŰװףֹ⻬ĶӳС
жǧᳶε°ڣҪֽⶫȡ
ֹľٶ
࣬ǧĬƬ̣ǵ˵ͷ
ʱѾóߣڲˡ
ҺǶò΢һ¾¶ȫǧһһҩƿӡ
ҩƿӳõǺÿԲ滹űζĻƣҩƿ澹һ˿ŹֵǹоһɺڰϢ
Ź֣أҲһɲ飡
ǧǰҩƿӣɫһ˫毺õҲⲻͨҩƿӰɣûиܴ澹һɺڰϢ
νҩƿӴ򿪣ɫķĩ˲ӳС
ҩƿüͷһڵɫŨһЩûиܴȷһڰϢƿģӦǺڰƵĶҩ
ǧһҲһ㺮˪Ҳ˵ڰ˹⽫ҩƿڴ˴Ϊʥħǰǣ
Ȼϲǣħǰ˵ڰҪжˣܹ黹˲ˬġ
ζеҩƿӣδ˵
㰲ƺӰ˼ʲôǧ򴽰꣬Ҳûٿڡ
һǿڵӦòǺڰصģ׾Ƿ֣
ҩƿл¶һǣǱ˲Сĵطİɡ
ǧʶղżҩƿʱĳҩƿ¶һСǣǱصصġ
֪˷ε뷨ǧƿ촽˵ҩƿǱ˲СĶطģ
䣬üͷٴνһ
ʵ벻ֻͨһװжҩƿӶѣȻôʥħޣʵЩˡ
ָƽü壬Щ죬өˮˣǶȻɭд󣬽ҩƿСĶҲпԭ
ǧ󣬾ʮеȷʵөˮ˳ڣɭдЩҲпܵġ
Ѿ뵽˵ϣδһ䣬Цǳǳģȴ繷ǳ
ǧһۣĿջأʵΪҪɭأѲɣҲ
γһۣǹ㣬תʱżֹƻٵζԽߣԽΣգҲͨ׻½ĽݾǻҪҲҪȥ׻½
׻½
ǧ߶һ䣬ûʲôԾ߶˼֮뵽ʲôһȻɴ۾
ͨ׻½ķ򣿡һɣһֻըëСèɰ
ο˫ٴμޱַ·͸˵ĵףôˣ
ǧָ⣬Щ̫ȷ˵𣿹ã׻½ͻбǱ㣬өˮȥȡɣ
ˣǶȡ󣬺ڰ᳤˾ͻ˷ӲһУˣ˵ò޵ȻҪĶ׻½ϼıõѡ񡣡
ǧ򴽰꣬û뵽ƾһҩƿӣܲ²⵽ô顣
ô죬ھҪȥ׻½𣿡ǧק˫֣ȫû˵ıóѡ
ȴǰ˰ļ򣬵°׻½ıδȥҲǰȥݾߡ
ǧ˵ͷƺͬ˷ε˵ôЩͬһȥ
ɣ˶Ҳᱻ֡ٴŵȥȴˡ
ǧֻҲ
εƣЦΣôɴɴôùأֻ㵽һ¾ħˣǽĶȡߣûħޣ
䣬ǧֻһ˺ѳգ·𻹴żŭ
ǧգգ۾ĵװ̾Լѻ졣
˵ôôأնһ죬ħ޾


968 ߵ

δһۣƺ׺Ц⡣
ǧŴ꣬һʱ˫ͨ죬Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
㿴ڲǽħ𣿡ЦͬڵѩÿȴͷףŲĿ⡣
ǧָ⣬Ц㣬ļⲻһ漴ԽҲ͸ˡ
Ц˭֪ЩħѾǶˣ治ѻ졣ǧ˵һ䣬˿̺ģһžµ觡
ԴĿ繣û㡣
ǧ΢̳УߣЩħһֻǴһֻͳˣ԰ɣ
εͷţ˵ʲôԡ
ǧŴֳŪÿҪˣҩƵġ
ȣȴħ˵ǧӣҲĺܣȫӡ
ʲôû˵Ѿϵħ
ϵħڶɫ׹£ԵøΪ˼֣ϵеǿѹǧҲΪ֮һ
׵ħ治ͬ죡
ʲôͿӮˣ
ǧŷеϵħ˶Щ׵ģ治ͬ찡˵ǲǿԲӮˣ
β̫Ӯʲô˼Ŀž͵ɣӮġ
ãҴӮ𴽰꣬е֮ɫ·Ҫ
ǧҲų
ɫǰȻܹѳֵסʱħ޵ĽŲˣǧһͿֻʥ׵ħ˹ǳ༫ģȫ»͸һһ֪ʲôö
òֻֻʥħްֶһСָͷܽ˺ðɣ
ǧһĵ׼Ϣһ˳ռȡ˳ƺҪ㡣
ֻʥħȻû뵽Уɴ˫
죡
ǵǣ鿾㡣
ֻʥħצӣƺҪǧķɡ
ʱеϵħǺسֻʥħ޶ȥ
ɫϵħҫۣż֮ϳֻħϮȥĵϱ仯켣ѹŨ
ֻʥħ޺ʶԾǿ񻹴׵ֻʥħȻɴ۾һʱ侹ѹˣȫ¶ͣͺҪϢƵġ
죬ÿ£Ȼʥ׵ħʦֻʥħ޶һۣߵϵĸо
ſˮ֮ҲмѣҪҪھܵ
Ȼһ͵ñħ޸ֻħ޴СžţȾܵʱǵɫĵиӦתһȦֱֱֳϮȥ
ǧſ㣬²ǰһĻ
θվһ࣬һ˵ģĿȴһֱǧϣ·ʲô벻ۡ
Լ׵ҲţЩ׵һ׷ֻħ޵ġ
Ƭ̣׵ʤ׷׷ֻħޣžһ׵ֱӴֻħϣֻħֻûµѪҺһ˲۵޴Ӷڲ
ǿ׵ħȻǿֻħ޻ܣЩ׵۾һһŹֱӽϵƤⶼɾˡ
໡
໡
ֻʥħ˻ǽ˺޲䡣
ǧſ㣬ȴԾ޶ԣΰֻħ޽ģҪЩһ¡
ֻħ޼һŮ˵˼Ҫɱ
ֻħޱ׵ûãϵƤҲͽˣЩ˸ȥֻʹ࣬໺С
£Ů˾Ȼеʸ񶼲ֻħ޶ǧѳݣƺھҪ˵
ģ̴̌ʱֻħ޷ŭ۾Σֻħ޾ȻҾңǲˡ
еˮϸϸܵķţ˵еϵħֱӻûɳޡ
ɫĵϽһ˲仯Ψģ֮ϵǵ㣬Ưȴֳɱ֮˲С
ֻħ޶ҫ۵ĳޣٴɪɪ
ˣˣξ˽죬ȫߵˡžһеϵ˦ɫĳޣһֱ˦ֻħ޵ļϡ
޵㣬һܹᴩ磬Ҳƺֻܽħ޴ûҷ
ء
ֻħ޺һˢˢ˵ϣҲû˺


969 ǲлҪ˵

ϵħٷ
ǧһ߳һ߿ŷǱߵֻʥħ޾ðײһ޻֮Էˡ
ĴָõݵУҸոտ㣬ҪҪһЩ
ռƷۣζ㣬ͷħǲʱѾŵζʣζܾ˵ġ
Ҫֽõ˹˹ĵҧһڡ
ǧ˫ó𣿡
ζĿ⣬ëţóԡ
óԣͶһЩǧĴ֮ɫƯǳ
ÿۣѾֻʥħޣʥħ޼ɢа֮ĺҲȡߣЩħ޸ûٴһսˡ
Ϊ˱ܵ׼뿪Ƭɭ֡
˽ʳɾʱЩа֮ʥħޣܹˡ
ܹˡβϵ壬˵һ䡣
ǧЩԣʲô
ζĿ⣬ǳЦЩʥ׵ħޣѾܵˣɭѾָԭ֮òѾûΣˡ
ǧ۾ЩĵЩħ˵Цܵˣ
תףʥףҲֻ·һѡ
ǧһܵÿ죡
뽫ʣµʥħһһҳΪɴɴǱģ¾øܵˣЩգǲӦñ÷γأ
֪뷨΢ѾɱֻʵҲͦã𣿡
ھӨڣǧû˵һ䣬ѽͦõġ
ȥ䴽
ǧæͷȥɣ
ɫǰƻ˻ȥԺǧȻɴɴѾµ·ˣڿͷſһҪȥȴֲҽȥģ
ǧ۾Щɸֵɴɴڿͷͷ̽ͷ̽ԵʲôҪȥͽȥ
ȫû뵽ǧͻȻ֣ɴɴɴ۾˶ԭˡ
ǧǰɴɴļЦдżֵЦôСĲҰ
ɴɴŴЩȣ˭˵Ҳҵģȥͽȥ
䣬ɴɴŽ룬һȥЩˡ
ôͻȻʲôʱָ˵
ʱʲôɴɴſˮţҲҲǣֱˣں޲þҸضȥ
˭ڴϣɫ԰׵һɵȴǲ˹һ䡣
ɴɴģͷƤҲ˼֣û׼ôͱأ
ɴɴָ⣬վſûû˵
ǧ˼ۣʵƲȥˣͰθɴɴ㲻˵Ҫȥˣ㶼ƿˣôȥ
ɴɴһԲ۾ǧǸСģĽƺڿʲô
ǧеĿߣЦЩȥɣȾˣ˵ûҪأവֵòˡ
һҪأɴɴʱһ
Ϊ˵ñԼᣬ˭룬Ȼ˵ñԼУɾصȻԼ˰ȫطʱôأ
ɴɴҧ˫һʱ侹Щۡ
ҽȥ˰ɴɴһطһЩ
ǧڰ֣ߴȥ
ɴɴҧҧžߵϡ
ӳеŲҰֽɾôһɴżӲζζʮ㣡
ɴɴͺһЩˡ
ǸЩ𣿡ɴɴӣʶһ䡣
䣬ɴɴЩ죬濴ˡ
ûע⵽ɫֻǳ˵һ䣬һãѾָˡ
ɴɴԼظ˿Ǿͺãǧ˵˵ûҪأˡ
Ľëһ鷢µĶҲƺЩˣ۽ĿͶ𴦣ģҺõĺܡ
Ǿͺáɴɴظֹһ䡣
ʶһۣȴʲôҲû˵
ɴɴָ⣬һʱҲ֪˵ЩʲôκʱĬţҲһֹա
ţƽͷȴƺЩҡ
ɴɴǻҵҪֹô죬ǲӦ˵Щʲô
ȫ֪˵Щʲô͵֪ʱɤӣʵɴɴղɭеʱǲлҪ˵


970 ˵ʲô

ɴɴ˶ˣСҲ˺Ρ
һʼΪԼ׼̹ļ˭ʱ̫˵ϲʱѾʣ޼ʲôҲûɡ
ѯʣλش𰡣
ɴɴȴڲͣתţƺѰʲô˵ûã̧ǸҵʱΪԼҵţǲҪ̫ˣ˭룬û˵껰˹ȥ
˵ʲôģͷһɫҲѿ˼֣㲻˵˵
ɴɴһæסԼͣҲ˵ˡ
֤ɫŻࡣ
ɴɴվһ࣬⡣
ǹ
أҲѯʣҲö𣿡
öˡɴɴЦۻɫ·ȥ崿лģʦҽ治
˳ĻȥǺܲϾǴʦ
ɴɴٺһЦҲ˵ˡ
һ£ڵٴαóĬ
ǧʵܲˣ׼ǣǸȺúϢҸ㡣
ȴЩͬˣҲˣҲûϢ
ɴɴڰ֣Ƿִ֣ҶѾָˣĲϢˣ㣬ҪϢǡ
˵ţɴɴת뿪ȫĻᡣ
ıӰǲ˼֣Ҳƺż˿˿ĸо
Щ֡
ȥԺɴɴԼظˣղ̫ĬҲ̫죬ʹȥˡ
ǧЦӭȥʵôļ𣿡
ǧʵֱףɴɴҡҡͷ֮һԼûˣҲľû˵
ǧһЦЩζᷳİûоǲǻᷳĵġ
ûоɴɴ˶޿
鶼ˣǧæĿڵҾ˵˵ͳɡ
ɴɴڿ޿䣬ƺΪԼû˼ɽģĿҲСˣ˶Щġ
ǧ˵Ķû˼𣿡ᳶǧ°ڣʵúСġ
ǧͷοģ϶˼ġ
ɴɴ࣬ҲһĨЦݡ
ǧˣᳶһǣеŮ˻ɴɴָ⣬ϵĺβδȥֶһЩǧ˺֮ٸЩ˵𣿡
ǧ󣬵ͷҾͦã㵽ʱˡ
ɴɴսȭͷ͸¶һ˿ᶨģҲġ
ҵĺϢǧ䴽ЦƴżֵЦζ
ɴɴߣֿ˵һ䣬ǧסլҾܷչˡ
ǧЦøˣɰլӿͷܶ࣬ѡһϲסȥͺá
ɴɴ󣬲㼤ȴסˣֵؿһһĸڵĿͷס˽ȥ
䣬òãڰȥʱɴɴʶһ䡣
ǧ˫ֻأв˼ζ㶼׼סȥˣʲôͷڣ˵У
ɴɴһ죬ö˶ŵǧ㾡ǴȤңҲ˵ˡ
䣬ɴɴתͷȥУԴڼҲûг
ǧվͥԺУЦر
㿪ģǣŷϲֹЦúܿģЩ档
ǧϲֱɴɴЩ˼ܳɣǾٺòˡ
ҲͿˣδ˵
ǧ°ֵͣҾðɣҲɴɴ˼˵ˣɹļʻǺܸߵġ
ɲȴǿǧš
ǧĿ⣬һ䣬Σ˵Ҹðһ𣿡
δǵ黹ǽԼɰǲϣ㵹΢һǲ̫ˡ
ǧգգ۾Цҫ۾ӨЩҶġ
һһ˵ţϲҲ˶䡣
Ǹλе̵壬λ峤ÿˣȴܲ䲻ģӢƵġ
ɴɴǸͦõС㣬Ҳǳã
λСϲӢ壬оӷϲֲ߬ȭͷڳ˼ᶨҪƲ
֪Щʲôǧ˵һ䣬ɲܺɴɴòײԼϲˣǧˡ


971 ι㰡

ϲһ
ܵİ
죬治ˣףˡ
ǧ΢ﴽ꣬ԡ
ϲֶǧ˼ۣҲ䴽һЦ
ĺƯ
һӣǧϲַ˵ϡ
Ժ󣬷ϲ־ͬúһڵϲСģɰĺܡ
ǧӰеЦݸŨ˼֣һ뵽ڰѾȥ׻½ˣľͿʼ
Σ˺֮Ǿȥ׻½ɣҾҹζࡣǧͷС˵һ䡣
εзǳǳЦ⣬ɣǾȥҲģ׻½ıﻹδǵòġ
ǧŴİ
ͷЦ繡
˵һŻص˷䡣
ڶգɴɴļ룬լҲ˼֡
ɴɴжǲ㣬ͶڣɣҰ㽫緹˹ˡ
˵ıȽأ˹ͷ˽ǣڻǲµ·Щӹƾµˡ
ɴɴк󣬾ͽϡ
̧һۣɴɴ⿪˵һ䣬Щͷլڵ˺ˡ
ûµġɴɴЦݽΣҴʦϲİˣլڳҹûˣҹǴʦͷ
һ
Ĳͷҹڰ֣Ҳپˣ鷳ˡ
ɴɴæڣ˫Щ΢죬鷳ġ
ϲָоġ
Ұ˹ɡɴɴ˵ţͽ緹ݵǰ
ǰķˣȴûڵһʱֽӹ
ɴɴЩŹֵؿһۣһ䣬ôԣǲֲ㣬ι㣿
˵ЩԺɴɴ˫ձ죬޲Ҹضȥ
ô㲻֣ô˵Ļ
۹⿴ô찡
ɴɴָ⣬һʱĲ֪ôҲɴɴĻһ˵ҪιԼ̿ˮܾţɻߣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ιҲûʲôõ뵽˴һϸǺ÷̣˶
˵ɴɴΪԼˣҧҧȾ˳ȥϵĺȴûȥƻƵġ
ˣûܷӦ
ô£ô˰
ܳԺɴɴź࣬ס
ôܵôǧͻȻ˳Щ棬ú죬ʲô£ץһ
ȻɴɴֱһŤͷһӾͶǧ˫ЦЦ۾һ͸ˡ
˵ʲô£ǧº棬ʶһ۽յķţͻȻ˰ɣ
֪ʲôɴɴ˶ţϹ룬ûʲôҾǣǡ
ʲôǧЦʳ
ɴɴָ⣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ֽǧͥԺУǱſ˵˳ɲ
ɡǧ´ɴɴۣеĵЦȴȥڿԸңΪλܳ۸ˣ
ûУɴɴæǿڽ֮ͣŽղŵć˵˳
ǧһЦ㾹Ȼ˵ҪιԷ㵨
ҾһʱʧԡɴɴʶԣҾܳˡ
ǧۣ㲻Ӧܳģ˵ģûڵһʱܾǳĬãһͻȻӦأ
ɴɴȻͷ̧
Ӧ
ܸоѪǧļ򣬰οģԺǻᡣ
ɴɴЩɥ˵ԺеľɥҲɢˣԣһлģҲ¡
ǧЦͷȴΪˡ
һϲˣΪ֮׷ʵͦõĵ磬ɴɴͻȻռľϣ𹤾׼һ
ǧ·ʱ򣬾ͼɴɴŪŪһ䣬ɴɴʲôأ
ɴɴͷû̧רĵĺܣվһֱҲǰ취ܵóɹɹ̫ɣ׼һܶӣܳˡ
ǧ°ͣ۾һС
ܶӣ
ⲻִ
ЩŴ˵ҲǰȻܶӣ
ҪҰæ𣿡ǧһ䡣
ɴɴЩæҵģǧҪæ䴽ЦܲܰΧľƽˣͲˡ


972 

ǧ붼ûʹӦˣɡƽͦ򵥵ġ
ǧذףͿʼľϡ
ৡ£ֺܿ죬һӾͽΧľϸƽˡ
ˣȥʲô𣿡ǧѯʡ
ɴɴգգ۾Χľϻƽ˺ö࣬Щ𾪣ٺÿ찡治ǧ
ɴɴ𾪹󣬲ſ˵ǧٶҲ̫˰ܰҽϵĶӼ𣿡
ǧϵĶӼݵɴɴС
ɴɴӹӣǧлл㣬ҲûʲôˣֻҪӶȥҾ깤ˡ
ǧҲûߣֻһԣȲߣʲô¶ͽҰɡ
ɴɴæͷеЦŨлл㰡
ǧڰ֣˵лǵҲѣЩС¸Ǿ֮ͣ
ɴɴеЦŨûã潫ᶯӸˣǧ㿴ˣÿ𣿡
ǧһȦһɫȻǺÿģŻᶯ⡣
ɴɴ󣬴ɹһȴЩǧ˵Һûеװ
϶ģ׳˵һˡǧοһ䡣
ɴɴ󣬵ʦ˼ģھȥ
Ҳ֪ɴɴ˵ʲôӦΡ
ɴɴδӷԺ϶Ц⣬÷ǳ
ǧˣåһشһڣӴȥˣ
ɴɴƤӱવصǧۣʾҪϹ˵
ǧ˫֣ЩͶζɳɳɣҲ˵ҽռǡ
˵ţǧתߣɴϵЦȴ͸żִ
ɴɴĻԺǺģں˵ʲôƽȴͨ췢̣Ҳ÷ǳУֵĺɴɴΣլڵСϣһ˲ů˶ɹůġ
£˲÷͸ֱӶɹɹ̫оô
Ĳֻú٣һʱҲ˵ˡ
ôˣ
֣ȴֲ˵ɴɴ˲ЩɤֵڸоôǲǺůģ
ů˵һ䣬Դڼû˵һ仰
һ˲䳡ˡ
ɴɴ
һͻˣô죿
ΣլС˼Ȧůů£ɴɴǰЩ⣬һ˶
̧ͻȻ˵һ䣬ŻᶯӣĶģ
ɴɴһȫ뽫ε˵
űӣܿҵ˵ǣǣͷģôģɣ
ܺáƿ꣬ɤӲǳľϺƽҲļΪι̣ɼӵ̬ȼΪ档
ɴɴͷһϲʣϲ𣿡
΢ţڵϵĽ̫⣬֪Щϲϲġ
ɴɴȻɴ۾Ҳ⼤ϲ
֪ΪҪ㼤Ըƽһе󣬲ŵϲҲлл㡣
ɴɴָĸӽˣ򴽽ǣһ˲Ĩһ֬۷ۣĺÿ
лǸӦøлҲŶԡɴɴԶָ⣬С˵һ䡣
⣬Ļȫ˽ȥҲãôȥɭ㲻Щħˡ
ɴɴͷһæӹⲻ㣬ȥġ
һʱҲ˵ˡ
ɴɴ򴽽ǣϵ
լڵķ羰ܺã紵ʱҲһȻζƮɢСǶŵĶʯƯǳȻĥŽţϸϸоȴ־ú
һͷһЩɹϼΪת˲ܽɹ˸ɣ
ɴɴĨȥϵıǻȥɣڵͷԽԽˣɹȥֻȡ
ãȥɡƿ꣬Ӳȴһɫ
ǳǳģ˷ֱ治塣
ȥԺڴϣΪɹ̫ԵʣɫǰҰˣһĨѪɫŸζˡ
ɴɴһ´ϵĶ׼뿪úϢȳȥ˰
ͷû˵
ɴɴ䣬ת뿪


973 Ǽ

ıӰ֮ȴһĨɻܾɴɴԼ̫ˣֺ΢ЩԣȴҲᣬů⡣
ֵĽӰʧջĿ⡣
ɴɴȥԺúãǸһԵʰɡ
ܺãǧʱ̹עǣɴɴӷ͵һʱ˹ȥ
㼰ʱɴɴԲ˫ҲǱһǧǲһֱͷŵİ
ǧ˫ֻأ󷽷ͳˣǰһֱڹ۲ǵһһ˭ҹأ
ɴɴһ˶ըһ£֪Ҳǧ̫˰ɣôҲ˽£ôÿʱÿ̹۲أ
ɴɴ䶯꣬һʱ治֪˵Щʲôˡ
ǧգգ۾ֱӾЦˣղ̸ôҾղųʱЦúܿģǲ˵Щʲôˣ
ɴɴ΢Ƭ̣źС˵˵ϲŻᶯӡ
ǧһ˫ϷôѾ֪ˣ
ɴɴָ⣬ƾȻȥҲЩɵˣʵҲûиģ˵ġ
ǧıŤһ£ô˵أһõĻᣬôͲأ
ɴɴͷǲҶ˵һ仰һֻŷСſĺܡ
ǧڰ֣ˣպеǣҲ̫ˡ
ɴɴӣӦһ
ˡǧٴγһı˼֣ӦҲ˵˰ɣٹð׻½ͻбȥȥ
ɴɴæͷȻҪȥģѾŹȥ׻½ƣڱеЩˣҲ֪ˣϾǱҲزס
ǧٴ˺֮ȥҪҪһ𣿡
ɴɴһ˫֮иҪȻҪһȥˡ
ʱɺӴˣð
ɴɴüЦﲻϴСžš
˵һŻصԼķС
ܰǳʱƼȴ˷籩
ЩӣѾҩ׼ˣĥƤӣЩҩʦһŻ𣬾׼ȥŰƼϼһ
С˼ۣȷûԺŽҴŴ򿪣̧Ž뵽档
ʱ˭ûз֣ԵУһĨӰ
ĭҵĴţȴ͸һĨã
Ӳ֪ƼҾȻңУֻǱʲôأ
ĭսƣɫ仯ͣ
֮ԸѾˣټǰЩһ˵ֻҪ֪ҪĴӦ
֪Ƿ˭дģЩ飬Ѿ˾ͲʹŨңҪϧκδһ̽
е֪ԼѾ¶
̨ף֮дż̵ֲЦ
ѾŪþƣߵϼһŲȻɴ˫֪Ҫˣ˶Ҳ˽䱸
ʱѾϼǰվ
ϼкźޣ䶢ţӣ㻹ӡ
ϼţĳɺ죬ź⣬ҲĵԹ޲ھȥ
ڴ̹ǵĺ⣬Щˬֶסϼ°ͣΪʲôҪҲĶӣ˵ӣ֮ҲͬѪҺǶҺһЩҲὫڴ˴ġ
ϼؿһڵ㲻һûõӶѣҼĭõӣ㱻ɱҲν
ͻȻЦһЦЩƫִҲв̣㵽ڻ˵ûһ˿˿ĺ𣿡
ϼŭĿӣڿĳһ
ҲڣٸһλᣬһǾɱϼЦЩƣӣǸǣֻƻҵĴơ
ָ⣬ͣԭһֱҵġ
ƾʲôҪԴΪ
ɾӣʲô
ëһȻ֮еԹɫŨˣסϼ°ͣҪ°͸ж
ϼ۵ѳݣŤ
۾Цò÷ǳôǲǺ۰ңҾɿ֡
Цݱ̬ϼȴûһҪĵ˼ѪˮϣŭģˣҲĵġ


974 Ҹҵ

ɴǲѪӳϼӰǲҪܾʹ裬
ЦЩ񲡣
ϼˣͷһ£λӣӿѾ̫ˡ
ӣңҩֳ˰ɣϼʹֻһ䡣
ŭɣ·һ˲ܽϼɱô֪ģù
סϼĲӣϼɫҰףֻÿšɱңɱҡϼȴûȥ
ɱۣȻ̾ͽɿˣɱɱҾûȤ˰
ιȥ
ΪԼܹˣ˭룬ڹؼʱֱǣЩ֪Ͳ׼ˡ
ϼĿһɣеɫÿҪ
һ裬ϼһǲԸġ
ϼŴǱһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ЩʣЦ޼ɵ϶µù治һһ鷳¡
ϼһһ仰Ҳû˵
֪̬Ȼˣü˵ҼӽƵҩ˸ˡ
ϼһ£ƼҵĵҩȻᱻ
ô£ϼһ䣬ȻƼҵ»Ǻܹģ㶼ƼҲá
ָ⣬˵Ҳ֪ܳСˣǽƼҵĵҩ϶㣬Ƽǲǵʲôˣʹõҩģ
ϼ˼Ƭ̣Ҳʵ벻ĸ˻ôӣƼͷϷƼûеκˣҾˣ˭ǵƼҵĶ
˫
ⷬǼеĿƼҵĵҩǱ˭ߵİ
ûеκˣ۾ʡ
ϼҡͷȻ𴽽ǣЦЩֻ㣬ʲô˰ɣ
ü֮жһĨŭɫ˵˵һֱر֣ʲôǱ֪˭ͶƼҵĵҩҶҪ
ˣϼ䴽ǴЦ㶪˵ҩڰǲ׾ͷŹİɣҲ²£ǵʱǲвˣ㽫ɱˣ
ڰô꣬ȻѾ˽⵽˹˵ԸǸˮģԸΪء
뵽鷿з飬ʱڹŹһ⡣
ôӵĳ裬Ը
˵˵дż䣬ڰ˵Ҳǽģ֪Ҳǹ⽫ҩŪҵ鷳
û뵽άڰᣬϼһ㶣ȻЦڰΪ³ܺãպҵ³ܾܿ³㻹ҸһЩ
ҧסֱ꣬ϵ·ʱضᱬһ
ϼһ˵һ飿ۣŭȡ
ϼη壬Ҹҵġ
ױֱϵĳ޿ʼ
žžž
žžž
ĴƤ˼£Ͼ¶Ц˫ҲȺһƬžԵĹ֣·ǳ
ϼͷۻʹǳ
ϾɫҰֽ


ۣƤʹӿ㲻ϱĴϼЩܲסģڽţȴûһĵĻ
ǲģᣡ
İİűŭȣϼȫûҪĵ˼еŭɫÿҪģûУ
ϼ򴽲˵ûһ
ȴ֪װģõҲۡ
ǺǣҼĭϸƤģǱӳϣ˵ǻ᲻Ȼħ
ңϼͷʮ㡣
ҵȻҰҿƼҵļЦҪʲôʲôң͵͵ĭ˵˻ᷢ𣿡
ܶ㲻ܶϼңڽ
䴽ҲҾͲǺûӣ
ҪΣϼС
򴽰꣬ңҾʹӦŹĭ˵𣿡
ϼʲôĶҪˣҰɣҰŹҰɣ
һǰЩͺֶв۲ۣ


975 ĭ

ϼû˵ǱȴѪʱھͱȳѪζȾˡ
¶ֱιһŵҩڻҹԹԳµҩȻҾȥĭ㡣
ϼ棬ͷͽҩȥ
һȥϵ˿ھͻ˲٣ЩʹҲɢһЩֿҪȴûĸоܣȥֻ»
棬ΪĭϣһиʲôǺĭ
Ϊĭϼֻдˣ׼뿪ϼһҹЩ㡣
ϼ
治ϣ뿪ŰŰˬˣҲ÷ⲻ
гʱĭһصԱߵһʯͷǰֳ⿴˼ۣͿӳЦ⡣
УϵЩѪĭΣȻɴ˫
Ѫգ
ȻѪղŽȥʱϷûѪհ
ѲɣĲʲôˣ
뵽ͻȻʧٵĵĭľЩϰµģĲˣ˰ٷ֮ʮĵټЩѪҺţҵɳɻû
뵽˴ĭ˶
ҵٽĶѸ£ǲǾܶؼ֮λˣ
ĭţ˵¶߰
Ϊ̫˷ܣδĭӰ
Ѿ뿪ʱĭ̿ˮһʱ侹ЩˣǰҴţҪҪȥ
ǲȥĻպһûлأ
ңѾȥһΣǲٽȥڶεģһ룬ĭ׳ӴӴʯǰ߳һһҴţ˲ҲЩѹ֡
Ͼܿеľˣ᲻ǵأ
ĭǰվһԾһɫСťǸťӦþǴҴŵĻأ
ĭһΣְȥ
һ˲ֻú¡һҴžȻˡ
ǰľĭٴμϾܿеһĭȹڣ˳̨һȥкܺںܰɵһݵʱеȻȫˡ
ⷬʵˣĭδ׼ֱӱһ
ϼܵЩȣ˵һ䣬ģôֹˣղŰңŰû𣿡
ĭӵɴ˼֡
ˣ
˵ΪϤ
ǵǵĭ΢ţƼһֱòãû˼ķ֣ƽͷգŵˣÿң
ԣֻ踺أһӭϣһߴϢ˼һ̸鲻κϢ
ĵȻУҾƼңôǵڲŷ˵Ĵڡ
һЩҲNɪĭӣĹһĲ嶼һɢˣһ߽ÿһ˼ᶨ
ô˵ϼ֡
Ϥĭرޡ
Ұĭǰվ۾һ䡣
ϤŮϼһΣȻɴ˼֣ĭôؽ𣿡
ĭ۾ȴû˵
ϼˣ϶ǼһﲻãշתǽĭҲץˡ
Ǹʲô
ôҪĥǸŮ
Ϊ㲻ãҶѾˣΪλҪץϼкޣߺȻĲˣĭ£ᱣģʱƴһûܾˡ
ĭ᲻ͣۿдתģһֻӡ
˫һǷϼв˺ۣµģоɵģһֱŰδֹͣ
ĭѾɺԵѪգȴһһۣǼһｫģģ
ĭ˽еȭͷ޲ýŪ
ϼ䶯꣬һ¶ܣֻҪӳȥͳɣ
ĭӣͷΪɬ˼֡
ǹ꣬Լҵ˾Լˣ
ҲǱץġϼɻĿ⣬ĭ͵һֱЩ֣һֱǰЩҲյһţ˵ֻҪҵԼҪġ
ţϼ۾ֲܾԤС


976 ǧ𱻷

ԣ֪дģ֪ߣǺڰ
˵ڰѾҪ׼ֲ
ΪҪŸĭ
Ѳɣĭεļ
뵽˴ϼĲɿһ¡
ĭ֪ԼڰģδУֻһ΢ֶѣԣδմȾڰ֮
£ڰ֮ϼҧ˫Щǡ
ĭ֪Щʲôٴο˵ǰЩӣҲδץİѱɽգǳסˣжСģҾ֪ҲԣһҲ֪ʧĵԭǱˡ
˵ĭ߬ƣ˶ҡҡ׹˴治ǶҪúýѵɣ
ϼĹ鵣ģһ뵽ܹȥˣҲĵġ
ǰǸӿ˶ˡϼۣ˪
ĭϼʣΪλᱻ
˺ڰᣬǺڰġϼɿڡ
ĭӵɵϴ󣬡˵ʲôǺڰģǲҲ˺ڰ𣿺ڰΪҪ
ϼ΢Ƭ̣ſ˵ǰһЩúڰ᲻ʹ飬Ż˼ԽԽûãڰҲˡ
ǰ淴Ȼ뱻ڰƿţ˺ЩΥڰ飬ڰ˶һϺꡱ
񣬾ЩԺ֪ǰжô޴úøںڰͳˣΪλҪ淴
ȥԲΥڰĹ涨ˡ
ûãĭЩһ䣬ʲôֻúڰ˼
ϼҩʧ˵һš
ĭɴ˫ЩҩǸڰȥģ
ϼ
ĭᳶǣǻȻ˼ֲ֣ã˽ЩҩֲãҩʧԺһֱͺܱ꣬ԭЩҩǸڰģôˣҾȻһ㶼ûв
ϼͷڣƼҵĴҲܲãǹ»⣡
ĭ󣬻һ˵Щ굱ͿҲͦõġ
ҽȥȥָǸ쵰ĭϼң˶ò
ǺǣȻġϼĭֱ
ĭšüͷ϶ôˣʵʲ
ھ뽫ѣ֮أ
ϼһת˵գƼҵҩʱеĴٹ˶ƼңʱҴĿǸã
ĭһת
ҩʱ򣬳˶ʱǽĿ𴩣ֻ»Ϊ˺ĶҲNɪˡ
뵽˴ĭЦһ⣬ǰɱźöˣʱһһǶץǺã
ϼͷûսթСΪ
ĭ䴽ڴĵˣǻҪʲô׼𣿡
ϼ֮ŵ⿿죬˵Щ㣬ǵҳڰż
ôңĭ̿ˮ
ЩżӦòУҸû˵ʱȥơϼڣģСһЩǧˡ
ĭæͷģŮһСĵġ
ϼı֤ⰲ˼֣Ťͷƿǵĭס㷿аɣǧܱˡ
ĭæǵͷǱ֣кùӳԡ
ƣæǴߴٵǿЩطʡñ˷֡
ϼΪб־ԣԱƼܿϳǱ˷ֻ֣²ͱᴫ
ĭϼСص˷С
ص˷Ժĭ˿ǰȫ˰ɣ
ȫΪʱ磬ܳŵ죬ǾǰȫˡϼڣҲʢ˾裬ڻܷɣһɽ׹Ԩġ
ĭصͷŮףΪ˰ɡ
ϼȴǰֵѾԹҩˣ˲ǺۣձҩҵЩ˺ҲܳΪ⵹֤ݡ
ĭЩգգ۾ǻ𣿡


977 ȥҩ

ϼĭļһĭҪסֻҪܴﵽĿģЩССʹʲô
ĭͷ𵴣òŵͷŮˡ
Ůڷдһܿ˵³ȥˡ
ĭɢһĨɫҲ˵Ļˣ
򴽽ǣ׼ա
ǧˣ֪ԶƼҷʲôֻ֪ãǸ
˿̣ɴɴѾһȦͷˣŽ룬ȫ˷֮ɫʲôĶ
ôˣǧһ䡣
ɴɴƿ촽ҴˣƼҺҪʲô
ʲôǧͻȻ档
ʲôҩɡɴɴ룬˵˵ҩϻкöȥڵִٹ尡ƽͷҲȥء
ǧͻȻ£ҩʲôģ
ɴɴֵڴ䣬˵ҩʲôĲҪǰҩ嵽ʲôͲ֪ˡ
Ǻ棬ǿȥƼơǧü׺ǹ⡣
ɴɴ۵ףֻСĸξͺèצţҲûô棬ھĺˣðǿȥƼƣҲûʲô¶
ǧٴһȥѷǶй
ɡɴɴͷһȥ˼
䣬ɴɴ뵽
ڼãӦûȥƼ͸İɣ
ǧȥҪҪȥ͸ɴɴ˵ţͿ첽ķڡ
ǧıӰЦζɴɴϲһ𣬹ٹþǵĺϢˡ
Ժվһģ̌ȥҷΡ
˵ҪȥʲôҩҲû˵ЩʲôͷӦˡ
ϲȴǼΪ˷ܣΪֿԳȥˣܼʶһĶȻ˷ǳףҩǲǺܺ氡
ǧҡҡͷҲûʶʲôҩӦûͦȤİɡ
ϲ˷ףǿЩȥɣõʱƼҼˣǾͽȥˡ
ǧ⻰ͦеͷɣھȥ
䣬ɴɴѾˡ
ɫ󣬱ǰЩĺ̫ˡ
ǧ˵ҲҪȥմ֣ұ㽫Ƴˡɴɴ򴽰꣬ͷЦ
Ȼ˶ˣǾͳɡǧɴɴһۣŽĿ˻
ɴɴӣӳµ΢죬رÿ
ǧؿ˼ۣеЦŨ˼֡
עӣɴɴӲһ£ȴָֺܿ˹
û߼Ƽլӱǵˡ
ҩԵʣƼΧˣҲñȽģھȻվĵطûˡ
ϲּˣһŰýףҲñȽˣǾȻǻҪ硣
ϲֱ죬СԹ
ǧһСЦ𼱣ǽȥ΢һҵվĵطˡ
ϲЦ֣Űģرɰ
㼷Ⱥ֮УЩձЩԹһʲ۵ƺűâʲôõĻҲ˵ˡ
ǣҲ˳ؼǰ档
һ£ϲеɫ͸ŨˣΪ˷ܵرסǧĲӣףĺǾȻǰ˰
ǧЦȴ買ǳ
ϲ²ؿǰȴֻһȦһȦˣƼҵ˵һûףƼҵأôһû
ǧԴӦǻ׼ɣûг
ϲ󣬲˵ͷ
η䣬ҲߵǰƣƼҵ˺ܿҪˡ
ǧһӾ˫īˡ
˫Щ䣬ϸһȴܿ˼ӣǧһӳµ͸ġ
ǳǳһЦ˲䶬ѩڣů
ǧһ˶ƮƮȻҩأЦ
ЩĪڴһЩɻ󣬡ΪΣ
ǧ˵ˣˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ûãСǵĴӵǹˡ
ΪҩԵʣմûǳһϮŽߵĽ۴޵ͦ˼֣ͷϻڣ˾ӻ߳ĹƵģͦΣżưζ
䣬ʼ°Ͷ̧ø߸ߣڳһ߸ϵӡ
Χ۵˼ˣΪ


978 Ƴҩ

ǿƣƼˡ
ƼҲۺϵ·Žߣһͼֵƣ
ƼȻۺˣѵ֪Ƽҵĵҩÿɹˣ
Щϴ赤ҩֱۣר᳡˵ǽһ᲻𣿡
ֹ˵ţ˵мԹˡ
Ȼϴ赤᳡ƼǾ
ǵĻնףǻԹ۾ƺЩãվڸ̨ϣлǰμƼҵҩΪƼҼԴ˷⿪ġ
˵˼׻˵Ҳͣ
ҩҪ׼Ķкܶ࣬˵ҩʵǼЩȥƼȣΪǰģƼ֮ÿ궼ҩԼõҩ״̬չָȿҽƵĵҩոµУԴһƽá
˷еţŴϲŵ¶ˡ
ǧһתͼ̨֮ϰڷһųӣ֮ϱƼȵλЩλƺǱݹģŷ£滹һЩ͸һϢ
ˣǷϻڷһҩݺһõĵ¯
ƼҼⳡҩųɣǻˣضΪأȱ㲻ӣһҲᴦˮ֮С
ȣСΪƵҩ˵ţȼһ㡣
㻺ȼţһ˲ζΧӡ
ףʲôϲֺʡ
ǧĽ͵׼ҩȻƺõĵҩȣһһ˳
ϲƶǶصͷ
ͨ׵˼һƽף㲻Ǹ˵Ҫſѧ𣿡ϲҧצӣʶֹһ䡣
۾ſѧʲô˼
ǧȴûҪ͵˼ϲֵԴû취̫ˣԲŻ᲻ſѧġ
ԭˣϲæͷȻ󶮣׺ʲô
㯣ѧ
ʲô˼
ʱѾϵҩݿʼˣҩԺͽҩݶ뵽˵¯Уûãû濪ʼŵ¯
Ƶ¯ʱĶһ񣬻ҲһЩ棬Ҳ˵
Χ۵˶ľٶٴֹ
ƣƵҩʱĶ죬ֺûҶ챻ˡ
ĺܻһл͸һ棬ȫ˾ûʵ
ҾðɣȻӣоϴ赤ҩҩַã츳Ӧòĭɡ
һΧ۵Ҳһ¡
ǰȫĿͶĭϣϾƼҵĵճŮҩ츳Ϊȷע⣬ҲˣǺٴμҩɱˡ
ĺûûãб㴫һҩζҩζЩûǧƵĵҩô㣬һԡ
ƵĵҩСһģȴֲ˾ùѵЩθӷϲñᣬףƵĵҩζõ
Щǧ䴽ЦСţϾûϹŻ֣Ҳûдӿռõ¯
ϲ֣Цݲã˵ˡ
𡣡ǧЦһ
ϲ΢Щߡ
࣬½˸Ūˡ
ûãǽҩƺˣǰٽ¯Ӵ򿪣һĵҩģ˿
ҩʦƳĵҩǻᱻ˿Ц
ҩȡЦŷǳһöн׵ҩƷھʮϣھͽöҩոƼȣǶȻἫΪĵģ
ôõĵҩ˭Ὺĵİɣ
°ĸ߸ߣղŸΪ߰˼֡
߰飬˲ӳС
Χ۵˲ûʲôоǵעһֱöҩϡ
һöн׵յƷھʮϣǷŵȥ϶ٽңƳн׵ҩҲǼΪˡ
Χ۵̿ˮٴֹ˼֡
Ҳ󣬾ȻƳнףƷʾʮϵĵҩ츳ʵǲ
˭˵أղҶ챻ˣȻƳƷʵĵҩһʼҲû뵽
ֻ˵ǶĹע̫ˣҺǰһ껹Ҫء
һ˲
Ȼÿ궼ڱǿʵż֮λҲʵ顣
˵ü˾ʵһӰڵòҪ̫󰡣


979 ǲС

Ŀջأǰϡ
ŵǰһûƽջ裬ջеĻȼţƺڴߴЩҩȥ
ϰ˰ݣСھͽƺõյոµĸλȣȱƼһһ˳ƽ֡
һ䣬ҪҩȥʱһŮʣֱֱϮ㲻佫ҩոµȣ㲻䣡
һ¾ͳ˶ߡ
һ㶣һͷˣ
볯Դȥͼĭ˼۷ɫɴȹȫŭɫȫμҩģµġ
˼ˣһ㶡
ĭƼ
ôˣҪˣ
ȫƼҵ¶ֻվһ࣬Ҳ˵
ϲȴСֹףĭʲôİѲµģղ˵ģǲⳡ밡
ǧ۾ĭϿȥͼȫɷҲź⣬ȻѾ֪Щʲô
ѲɣѾ֪ϼʧ٣йˣ
ǧ°ͣȫǿϷ飬ȱ˵ǾϷòð
кϷԿ
ϲһֱˣСȲϻζţϲϷˡ
úܾңǧͱסˡ
μˣֽϲֱ˹ɣϢһ¡
ԼҷģǧҲþֻܾܵͷӦˡ
ʱĭѾߵ˸̨֮ϣڳŭɫ·뽫ǧˣμҩҲΪƼҼ
ɫ仯ͣ
治֪ĭôˣǷˣǹҲġ
šüĭҾǰ㣬Ҫ˵һŭ˵µȣǿôã
ۣ˷·׹˱ɽ֮УҪߡ
ĭûκξ֮ɫ˫ֻأĿСƵġ
ĿŪûĭ㣬㵽ʲô˼˳𣿡
ЩԾĭΪ֣ʮĻһѲɣ֪Щʲô
ӦòᰡصŴ꣬ҲЩϰµġ
ĭȴû˵ֱͷƤʱĭŴ󷢴ȱ˿ڣ浱Ǵ𣿲֪Щ
üͷɫҲ˼֣˷·Ⱦÿ·ǳĭڲֵʱ򣬵µȻڵŵҩ˳𣿡
ĭĿ⣬һһ۵ؾܾɣʲôʸյҩʲôʸż֮λλԭǵģ˵ʲôֶνλӶģ
һȻ˫ոǳ
ȻѾ֪
Χ۵ЩԺҲһ¡
Ѳɣ֮λˣ
ͷЩ˵ԼŪˣ˲֮λģǵʱΪǿЦ¿˵ġ
ǧŸ̨֮ϵ־磬ڵЦʼնûб
ףǲҪʼ˺ˣϲ˷ܡ
Ҫ˺ƣҺܼҡǧ˫ֻأ̾һ
Щ㯡
˺ƣ
ʲô˼
ɴɴҲЩˣǱһҩģ˭룬ҩϾȻͻʣٶԹء
Բ𰡣Ǵҩģ˭֪ƼҵԼ˾Ȼˡɴɴӣ᲻ˡ
ȴҡҡͷ㲻õǸﻹǺֵġ
ɴɴ䴽Цٺȷʵ֣
˵㵽ʹʲôֶΣ֮λģĭǰһмͱ˵ζ
ɴɺ찵ɱĭǷˡ
ĭû˵
ȴǰڰ֣С˵ǼСȥЩײ˵µȡ
СҪȥץĭȴĭɵض㿪ˣǣС㣡
ƣŤĭ㲻ҪˣӻײȵģһƼҽ̫ƽ
ƼҵЩҩʦҲ׷ָĭ˵ʲôġ
ĭһδǵĻϣָĿֱ㼱ŸߣҽĹ˵û˰ɣ
ŭڰɱĭҶһãɲǰ˵ʲô


980 Ϊʲô

Ҳ˵˵滰ҪǰҴαƵĿĭǰһ˵Ŀ£쿪ڵʲôöڰᣬȡ֮λƭ˵ҵʧˣʵǱ
һԭء
ǲţҲڲָָ㡣
죬Ȼ˺ڰᣬϼˣ
ǿµ֣
Χ̿ˮֹ
죬û뵽Ȼ˺ڰᣬʵ̫ˡ
˰ʲô𣿡
һҲ𣿡
˵ɫ࣬˶ˣ⻹Թ˵ĺܡ
ĭͷϸû֤ݣͱǰ˵ˣҲùġСʹһɫ
СѸǰҪĭѺȥ
ĭǿ׼һ㣬ٴɾͶЩС˵ץ𣿻УΪû֤ݣ
Ĳһ¡
ѵ֤ݣ
϶ѾңǸطηǳĭǲҵģټȻڰһֱСĽ֤ȫĭҲҲġ
ĭĵӣ򴽽ǣЩûˣĭ˵˵Щȥ
ĭδţͻȻͳһЩżڵϣЩڰż滹źڰϢǶԿ
żϵȷһڰϢǳ
˼ˣԭأżϵϢü٣ĪǣڰṴһ
̿ˮٽϵżܿЩȫ¶֮¡
죬Ȼڰżֶֽд
ǿڰһֱ׼ҩ⵽Ҫʲôأ
񣬺öԸǣ
˽żϵı仯ͣǻû뵽Ĺ
ҩ͸ڰᣬڰڰ߹ֲúڰòĵҩԭһֱڰİ
ô˵ĻǺڰ߹ˣһ˼Ϊ߹
Χ۵ۣĿҲ֮ɫǲָָ㣬޲ÿʳƤ⡣
촽ףû뵽ЩżǽЩżһС
ΪĭõЩ
Ҳ˵һֱڶԼȻѰҵ˺ʵĻˣ
ŤͷݺݵصĭЩҵģĭαģǵƾֶԩ𣿡
һΧ۵ҲǰЩһαأ
ΧķСһЩ˿
ĭ˷ǵûлţЦãĨЦ˵ĺܣͺһʲôһ
ĭȥˣȻݹҲۣ档
ĭû˵
ʱȴһϤ
ӣҵıŮβޣżֳŭ
һ£žɫļ䣬϶ĿǱԼؽ
ΪڻͻȻ
Ȼɴ۾һϼӾͣЩ鹫ѣ֮أ
ϼΧ۵Ҳһ±ơ
ȻϼѾʧ
ᣬĭ˵ؽ˰ɣ
ϼϺö˺۰Ҳкöոս̵˿ڣǱңҪ

죬ӣ
ϼֳʱ򣬷һӾͱˣٴζָָԴ֮ȫ뼥ڽǿĳֻһ
ɫͻ䣬վԭز֪Ǻá
ʱϼѾǰվ̧°ͣһ߸ϵģŵ˵ˡ
ϼһ˵עǿ˿ڣӣҳǲǱŵˣ
ӵɵԲԲȻûзӦ
ϼһƿļϣЦӣ㽫ҹ꣬ͣŰңҿӻƼҵļ㲻Ҳ岻ʲТƼҵ棬㲻˼ڸľҹڰᣬҿǲˣ
һеıĸŨˡ
ֹšüԴըƵġ
Ϊʲô
һúõҩΪλģ
Ϊʲô


981 ôأ

ָ⣬˶ǻ㱵ģɻ㱹ݺݶŸŮϵҲ֪˵ʲôǿɱԩˣҵ㲻ǰʧ㵽ȥĶˣǺҡ
ϣĭЩᣬƤǺģ֤ݶ֤㹴ڰᣬݺǰμסȡ֮λһмһζġ
üɲԸʲô
ĭŤͷϼȥ
ϼסӥЩż϶ֵټһ±ʼ֪Щżǳֵġ
ġ
ûЩżϵȷûһ϶УЩżȫױдģ΢һ¾ܼ
ҧϵѪɫҲѸȥ
׵ɫϼЦһӣ㻹꣬ϵЩȫɵģֻҪһ˳ľͻñң֮ͻι뵤ҩµҩԺҵȻõĲˣЩʹȴʵڵģһֱʹ꣬갡
ҪΪĭˡ
ĭ֪Щ飬ϼ˵ĭľһһš
һУĭŤͷгŭɫͺ⡣
̿ˮŵõ˼ûУǱҡ
ϼһ˲ֱϵ˺۾ӳС
ǳģģ¾ɶУܼţŷˡ
ЩСģ۾
죬ʵ̫ˣ𣿾ȻôԼĵ
ѾΪڰĹˣ˵ܹ飿
ǣһڰĹҪɱ
ϼֱָϵ˺ۣ˵Щ˺۶͸ҵģҵʱ۵þҧԾƫƫ˵ˣͻὫĭץŰ˵һ𣿡
ĭָһҵΪ踺صģ
Ҳˣܼܲߡ
㲻ҪٵˣЩ֤ǰĵûõġĭۣ
Χ۵ϼԺϾˡûУûаԼԴʹض
Ѿϼ֮λˣӵϵȨΪʲôЩ˻ҪԼ׷᣿
Ǹĭô֪ϼģ
ȥҰ
ʹ࣬˼һҲû
ôأ
Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵ЩʲôҲ˾֡
죬Ҫ군
Χ۵ָָ㣬Ѿ϶Ǹˣ
ףǸȻʲôڰᣬǸ֯ϲָüͷҲȻԼˣֱǴ治Ҫġ
ǧǳһЦ
ϲָ֡
վһԵɴɴ±ˣʵû뵽ջῴôһǸ˺ڰᣬԼˡ
㣬ȻԼҵһꡣ
죬û뵽ˣɴɴŴǣȫǲš
֪֪治֪ģҪˡ
ɴɴͷ϶꣬˺ڰᰡȫˣ
ȴǼż˿ǶԺڰһۣŽĿ˻
ʱ̱ڵصϣûУûУǱš
һ䣬Ŷ䣬Ҳ˼֡
ϼٴΣߵӣ֪ĭΪλôҵΪյżżдֻҪҵԼҪģǷżֵͻȻ֪µֻкڰᡱ
Ȼɴ۾
ϼֵۣ˵Ǻڰ㰡㶪ʧЩҩ㻹Ϊڰ𣿱ɵˣʼնһ
θҽҲǷƭңƭҡ
վһ㲻ϳϼţ˵˵ҶѾڰ˵ˣֻҪҴӦǵҪ󣬺úˣǾͻҪģһƭҶԲԣڰǲҵġ
һ˻Ȼֹ
湴˺ڰһ׿˵ġ
湴˺ڰᣬɥ
ƼҾȻôһ࣬ϼǿȻôȺѾˡ
ڰ߹˵ö֮
Ѿϣĭ˫ֻأЦǳ𣿡


982 Ѿ

һ㶣֪Լʧˣݺݵϼеĺ϶ҵĻ
ϼվһ࣬û˵
ȥҪͬھ϶ҽҪͬھҵòĶҲõ
֪ϼһžͽ߷˳ȥ
顱һأʹѳݣһʱ侹ôҲվˡ
϶һ㲻úһѪҲʲôöҲ˺ڰᣬڰλںڰӲ˭˰
һתĿⶨĭϣĭ˰ҲԣƼҵĵճŮܻЩɣ
ĭϼɫúѿ
ʵû뵽ͻȻ˵ڰ飬ЩΧ겻ѡ
ϼȻҲ˺ڰ᣿
죡
ƼȫǺڰ߹
ǱӺ˵˵ϼȴż˵ͷˣˮӸò֤ݡ
ָһòʲô֤
ϼ϶һ㣬ЦǧӸɱˣƼǰң㹴ڰ᣿Ҳֻ˲ŻṴڰᣬ˵˸δã
˵Ĺעܿͱƫˡ
ɱЧȣ
ɱ̫ˣӦôֽţҩΪؤڳڴС֣̤ڰ벽
ӦýУüգ
˵ܿ촫ϣһŵɪɪ
˵ÿһΪˣҪҲҪֽţ
ŹӰɡϼŲţҲһʱɱ˫ۣӵ治ЩģǺڰвңҲôİ
ĽƱϼüͷûһ¡
ĭȴһϣԶһЩ㵱ΪɵЩԸģȻ֮λôģ
ͷһ£һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ĭֵ͵ڰǶǱסġ
Ȼɴ۾
뽫Լϣ
㣬æģһ˫æǲֻʡ
ĭȫ޶ԣŤͷϼȥǽƼңٽ´ֹڰˡ
ġϼЦһ
ȫ֪ԼѾңһӾ̱ڵء
ĭˣ䴽Цˮתһˡ
Ŵ꣬ȫ˵ˡ
ĭ֣ˣȴȥٽ´á
Сǿһ־󣬱Ѿ֪Ѿˣ˹ڰǧˣƼѾûκελ
СҲһ¾ͽݺݵǣԹԸ߰ɣǸˣʲôĸǼŪ㡣
ͱŻ˴ɵɵģκľٶûС
ֱȥⳡ־ҲǽˣǧŸղŵ־磬һȻϼҲ˺ڰᡣ
Ȼòκ֤ݣţ
ˣ˵ڰҪĭӦпܵģϾị̆бҵϼҲˡ
ţǺڰģնĵҩ
ǣһҧǧЦÿҲȾһ⡣
γĭһۣɫü
ĭиӦһӾεĿһţһ£ڷɫ
Ȼү
ôΪ
֪Լޣһүֵܹ
ɵԵǧͷϲʱɫһӾͺˣõϼҴ
Īǣ˼ֵֻģ
뵽˴ĭɫڣ޲ýǧߣ
ףɫΪôˣϲЩʡ
ǧĭһۣ֪Сžţⲻһᣬ̫ôǱɹ˰ɡ
ϲ־ϲգգ۾ĪǾ˵ģɹڵʣ
ġǧЦŵͷ
ϲֱĭţڵڵĭóӴ
ǧЦſڣǾó󣬾ͱˣ۾
ϲƿĿ⡣
ĭ֪˵ЩʲôȻ϶ᱻģ


983 ҩ

ǲʲ֮Ѿȥˣҩȴûɣ¸βĭѯʡ
ҩһҪɵģȻƼһ϶ᵹù
ϼĭڿ˼ȦŵĭձƼҵμѾˣ֮λȻýˡ
ĭЩϲȴֲұ¶֮λΪҪ㣿
ϼȴҡҡͷǵӰŮƼ츳˵ĵճŮȻʸμôġ
һԵҩʦƼѾˣæǰС㣬츳ãȻƼĴ½øá
СʹӦ˰ɣҩɲܵ顣
С㣬ɱȵȼ˰
ЩȰĭ˿ڵɣҾʹӦ㵱ôҵһöҩǼһƵĵҩ϶ǲˡ
ȥưɡϼЦǴȰ
ĭߣӣʼƵҩ
Ƶҩĭɴɴʵǧ˵ϼ湴˺ڰûйᣬΪͻȻ˵𣿡
ǧɴɴ޷粻ˣвޡ
ɴɴգգ۾Ҳ˵ҲЩè尡ǧ𴽰꣬鰡Ժһˮʯġ
ɴɴʶͷ˶£Ժܲк³ģ͸һ
ǧЦŵͷ˵ò
ʱĭѾҩƺˡ
ĭҩȡһ˲֮öҩӳУһöõĵҩȸղƵĻҪϼ֣ɴ˿ɼĭҩǼΪ˵õģΪƼҵļʵ顣
ϼĭеĵҩԺҲЩöҩΪĭҩֺ˼֡
ĭ䴽һЦڣһֱûлķҩʹҩ򾫽˲١
ϼԽԽģĭЩöҩոȣȼöҩһܿĵġ
ĭæͷɣھͽöҩոǡ
䣬ϣֿٽеĵҩƽС
һ˲ڵϸߣöõĵҩڻҲһŻңôһҲɢˡ
ĭؿ˼ͷСĭƼҵμƼҵǱƼҰƽлˡ
֮ĭŴվȹϵ壬ʱҩˣղŵǳ־Ҳǻþһ
ĭߵϼǰҩѾˡ
ϼߣź룬Цĭúܺá
ĭ˵Цл
ϼĭһֺۣĿͶϣλƼҵҩѾƼѾλ׼˾ƲˣǿԳԺ÷ٻȥ
Χ۵˲˷ȻԳԵƼ׼ķˣǼõġ
ټƼʵ׼ķҲõʳģѰ˼ҸͳԲܳôһ٣Ҳ˼Ϊ㡣
˻󣬺ܿҵ˿յλ
ϲֿЩλһ䣬ףҪƼҳһ𣿡
ǾأǧŤͷѯʣƺһǳЦ⡣
οġ
ɴɴһɫѾ˳緹ʱ䣬ҲƼҴãӺѾˡ
ɵҪǾƼҳһٰɣ˵ƼҶüõʳ⿵ģվôãҪһЩɣ
û˵ѾӦˡ
ǧɴɴ˵úе˵ɣǾһ١
䣬ǾѰһطһ£ƼҵС˾ͽѾ⿺õʳĶʳ΢紵Ʈɢŷζ˲С
úšɴɴ˫𣬡˵ȻƼ𣿡
ǧҲһ䣬ƼҹȻǲƴ֡
ȫǼŶ˿ӣŲƷһڣһɼΪŨζƮɢóԵǶ۾
ףЩƷúóԣϲ˫ġ
ǧͷóͶһЩ
ϲЦŵͷеĹôҲʲȥ
ʱھƵĭһĨɫ
ɫĺڷ죬ź۵Ǹ˶ϵʾȻɣ㾲ţҲ·ܽ˵ĻǶȥ
ĭˣҲֹˡ
ŷξĲգԴҲ֪ЩʲôɫΪ˼֣㾪Ϊ˵ΪβԼ


984 ޶

Ǹǧļһʲô
Ҳү΢ÿһЩΪүһӣ
Ҳ԰
ټѾƼҼˣһүҲǴ´ˣǼ޸ʵۣҲԳΪĸµĻʺ
ĭЦһܵƻһһǱȥүΪҲ𣿡
֣Ҫסεļ
иӦֱӲ˹ȥ
ĭ۾Щ
ǧüͷһĭһۣŮ˾ϷҷΣ˭ĵӣ
ǧ۾׵ɫй
ףҪԵʲôϲҲͷˣԲ˫
ǧ򴽣ɫƣλġ
ϲֵıһӾŤˡ
ۿ
ģ
ҲദûãŮ˾Ȼ
ǵߵĻǾͲܼˣҲСˣ
ϲҧ˫ܾĩѾģŪȫرǴһ٣ô죿
ǧֵҵͬˣλǲóѵģֻܿϷͳɡ
ϲֵ˫һѽϲֻףλôѿܿڰ׷ѹ򣡡
˵˵ᣬĭδֻ»ᱻ
ү̫ˣҪȥɡĭ˿ڣԵüΪƤʱҲԸеĴٹ壬ү˵ɺã
α鲻䣬ȴ
ŮˣǳԶĭûͬ⣬ȴҲûоܾ˫һǾϷˣ򴽽ǣٽүҪµˣЩٹ˵Ҳкôġ
˵ţĭȥĨεļ
˲࣬ûĭóѡ
ĭƵ¿յһƬֻεү˵û𣿡
εͷԲˣͷ·ĭ˿
ɴɴһΣǳĭһۣСǧı飬ɫ糣ȫûһļ󣬲֪ΪξЩ
˼Ҷˣǧô޶أ
ɴɴɫļ򣬵ǧ˼Ҷˣ㶼޶𣿡
ǧؿ˵ΪҼҴʦôõĭȫûǸУôһСҼʲô
ɴɴ
˵úеȻ޷
ǧͶһĵ񣬵ĵɣҼҴʦһͰˣſϷɡ
ɴɴ
Ϊʲôֱ޶˱ιһ칷ĸоĭվһֹ˵ţ۶û
ҧΣ˫ն͸ˡ
ǧƷεĸ첲⣬״ĵ˵һ䣬Σڸ˵أͲһ䣿
̧Щ޹գգ۾˵Ϊû
һ䣬ĭɫɷף쳣
Ȼʲôû
ɴɴһж͸һɾȣ죬û뵽ʦȻأ
˻˵ûʦøڵӣ
ǿ˰ɣǧӣĭ޹ЦЦ
ƿ꣬Դǣţˡ
ĭˣת뿪ˣ׵үôǸǧʤһ˺ܲ
ʱһСͻȻקһ˹
СլץһŮˡСĭǰվڵ
Ůˣĭ󣬲Щ죬ǹŮ˿һۣһӱǽϳˣƿԭ㰡ƽﲻһֱôᱻСץסأ
ûƿ濪˵ĭŴЦҵˣѾ̨ΪĹܼû˺̨ҲֻΪɥ֮Ȯ
ƿֻǰüʲôĻҲû˵ĭƼҼǸ˵ʲôĻʱֻԲ˶ߡ
ƿ洹ԴһΨŵģĺܡ
ڸ˵ô˵ĭ۾ƿСһš
ƿʹ˫üšǲҸĭа壬ֻĬĬŵϲΪƼһμ׼ϵļȥء
Ѿ׼ҪȥˣѾ̨û¡
ĭӹµһתڵСĻҲŸ˳ƿң˵뿪뿪ģ
ƿһ˵⻰뽫Լˣ


985 ˶

ƿָ⣬ҲһĨɫת˲ĭҲ֪⻰ʲô˼
ĭָ⣬׼ղܵƿϼӱֻƼҼ˵뿪𣿡
ƿһͷɿһ£ҲЩĭǰƼһСܼҶѣΪƫƫΪңܼҵʱûκ飡
ĭ洽Ц˭˵ҪΪˣֻǾұȽĵ磬ʹң˰ɣ
ƿ󣬻һҲࡣ
ĭʲô
뽫֪ɣ
ƿŵõһҲɲ棬ֻ΢˫֪Ǻá
ƿ棬ǴӦˣĭ䴽Цø⶯ˡ
ƿָ⣬ǺһЦҵңƼĶ࣬һҲ˴Űɣ
ĭ۾££ô໰
ƿ汻ŵûһһʱ侹˵ˡ
ھߣΧȫСˣһֻҩҩʦѣһСץסҲֻ־ܶѡ
ƿɰͰһЦֻʱסĭˣлĭĺ񰮣ҾƼˡ
ѾﵽĿģĭ䴽ЦñˣţտʼסѾ߷ɡ
ƿȻɴ۾
ʲô
˷
Ѿסúܼҷŵİĭʲô
Īɣ
ôĭЦ
ĭͳҲһڹС˵ƣһ˺
ƿҧ˫˶ŵɪɪûУĸʲô
ĭɫЩˣ֣ƿļ򣬵ƿ氡Ҫ֪ƼҵѾңж˼ԴҪƼҶ㣬ɾͽˣ˵ǲӦþúܸˣ
ƿ棺ôˣ
ĭûϵһٴЦƿúøɣպصϵܹҫġ
ƿᳶǣЦЦ
Ѿ߻ܹҫǺǡ
ûеıһĭͷֵƿ棬ƼҵˣȻѾ߷ȥɣʡﶪ۵ġ
ƿ˵ʲôжۣ
ĭڰ֣ԵСˣǼҴȥܳ˲Ψʡ
СǶҴ⣬ֱƿתߣҲûһɫ
뿪ıӰĭվԭЦÿ
ĸо治ʱƿģûԼʲôɫ
ƿ滹ԼԼ߷ǳ
û˿ɽƿȻҪúñ˳Թˡ
ĭָ⣬ڵЦÿҪ
ԾǧС
ǧһЦݣƼ𣿸ղĭΪƿء
λϵЦǳǳģÿƼˣ˵Ǽļӡ
뵽ĭǸǧٴ䴽ЦΪĭŴ󷽹˽¾ȻСĶ˼ƼҲ֪ʲôģ
תŲ豭ɤģƼҼȻܹڰᣬҲбܽﾭӪãζǵ¶
ǧЦŵͷҲԣǵ¶
ﴽЩصͷ
ᣬɴɴǸûЩʲô
ǧҪˣ˵ؽὫΣɴɴ꣬һ֪Ũģ
ǧһתҲתƣὫ϶ͷ̨ȫǰյնɱɣնɱ֮ٽͷ­ڳϣʾã
ɴɴֱۡ
ôоǧЩ̬ôѪȵ龹ƮƮճ˿ڣ
£
ǺǣҲɡɴɴżƤ˶̫ˡ
ʱһֻȺ䵽ɴɴС
ɴɴŤͷһͷٴһֻеġ
Ǽǧų亹ˣиοİɡ
ˣɴɴɿĵòѣƯƶ֮һ˶ƮƮ
лɴɴȣҲ˼֡
ӦһҲԣɶȴһۺ죬ȻǰûиŮӼйһܻЩߡ
һٷ꣬ƼҵҩҲʽĻˡ
ĭҪ뿪ҲƼƵĵҩóƼҵҩΪ˱ʾлƼص׼һЩҩ͸ң˵ҩ߰ɡ


986 ү

һа͵ĵҩæǶ˽Ų
͵ĵҩҪײҪ
֪Щʲôĭһ䣬ںһ֮⡣
ѾɳϲõУȫûĭ¶ļǻΪεƼ󷽣ڲͣ佱ء
εļ󷽣Ȼ뵽Ҫǵҩˡ
ƼҵĵճŮȻһЩǸϲ̨ӣȻС
ô˵ǵճŮðɣϾǵճģѧʶ涨ȻĺһЩ
˵Ŀޣĭק½ǣ˵ضˡ
һһҩǾͶһЩҩȥɡĭ˵ػӻ֣Сֿ̽ĵҩ˳
óĴ඼ЩõҩˣԾɽЩ˸ֻˣ
ϾƼƵĵҩ򣬼۸Ҳǳߵģǰ͵ģȻҪַˣ
һѷ䲻ҩĭ˫ֻأЦ˫гһϸ죬һתͷͼǻλϣһ㶼ûҪվõҩ˼
ĭеЦһ٣ҲתǰɿʵүǲһЩҩȥƼƵĵҩƷʺܲġ
ĦŲ豭û˵
ǧ˫ĭһۣռﻹкö൤ҩбҪֶ
ɴɴҲľЦ˼ǧɻҩˣûҪְ͵ĵҩټĭɫƣһͶô죿
˶˵ĭҲסˣҧ˫ɫҩܶأĲȥһЩ𣿡
ĭһŷεĺã
ξûһֻǧ
ǧᳶεָ΢΢һǡƴ棬ÿ쳣
ĭվһ࣬ʱȵףιһ칷һ۵ģֺѿеģ
ɫףģס
ɲ˵ǧ۾װ˵Ƽղ˵ʲô̫רעˣûʲô
ĭŴ˵
רע
û
ǹûɣ
ĭһڳһܴģǣҪҪȥһЩҩƼƵĵҩǼõģǲûܿϧ
һڲˮ޶ԡ
ǧ۾ЦƼҵĵҩȷ׷ǲõĻȷϧĺܡ
ĭһ˫
γƵĵҩȻǧŮ˳õǲ϶ҩʱ˭ȽһĿȻˡ
ĭúڶĹܶ
ǧĿת֪Щʲôǵ͵͵Ц
ĭδ°Ͳ̧ø߸ߣڳһĿˣ߸ϵģĵҩҲʥһ
ǾÿϧͽҩһЩȥɣƼҵҩǣǾöҲûʲôĭü
ǧʹٴ̧ʱƲĳ⣬ƼҵĵҩʵǼõģͷбĴʦƵĵҩЩҩܲҶǵլӶˣʦĵҩò꣬ο໹ҪƼҵĵҩֲ̰֮ˡ
ĭ
˵úеԼȻ޷
ǧȴһüëЦλʦԼ
ǧϵĲ豭ֵȻƼҵĵҩлƼˡ
ĭصɴǱߵĴʦƼҵı´Ů˲±ȥԲ˵־ܾ֮Եİɣ
ǸСŮӣŮ˾ܽסǶ
ĭŤͷΣڳһȵģү㵱治ҪһЩҩȥƼƵĵҩӦûĴʦðɣ
βԲɫȴ˼֡
ƾҲҺǧȣ
ϲ󣬲㱻ЦȻҸױȰ֪ƵĵҩõĲˣħ޺ֲﶼϲԡ
ĭƵĵҩʲôö
ϲһڳ˱ġ
ĭȴûпһ˵ţеʤ̬˷УүЩҩɣ͵һӣɺã
ǧЦζ
šüûʲô顣
ɴɴһۣڽ¶Ц顣
ĭ֪Ǹ߸ϵģ
߰ɡ·վԴڼ䶼ûпĭһۡ
ĭˣɵԭء
һǲӦõͷҩ£ڵô£
ô˵߾ˣһ˼ûУ
ĭɴ˫͸һĨţôˣѵûһҪҩ˼
æǳǼ˽ס


987 ҩʦ

ûлͷǧعͷЦƼĲҪҩУĵҩȻҪͣӦòǿðɣ
ĭҧҧŲ鲻Ը˵ǿơ
ǧ̯֣еЦҲż˼֣˵ڸͲҪƼҵĵҩƼͱˣ𣿡
߶ֵûͦһӾͽ˵ע˹
Χ۵˻δŪʲôͲָָ
һӣǾͳʸ֮ġ
ǧǸûʲôоǱô˿ţ΢Щˬѡ
ĭȴѿϾƼҼҪ׷űȥƼҵĵҩȴֲһס
˵˵ģûһҪõҩ˼
ĭôˣϼΧΧôˣһ䡣
ĭһӦʱϼѾߵ˸ǰһתſ˵Ҳûʲô¶ɣҾҪҪһЩҩ˵ǲҪ˵ǼҴʦƵĵҩɺˡ
ϼ۾һУ⻰֮⣬Щ˿Ƽҵĵҩ
ϼһһġ
ǧʶĭһۣЦĭȤ⻰ﰵﶼ͸һϢҲѹϼͻȻˡ
˵˼ϼۣ˵ʲô˵Ŵ󻰣ƵĵҩƼҵĺã
δǧǿڣϼͼ˵˻ˣϲ̨档
ϼ۾һУͽθϳˡ
ⲻ½λү˵Ҳǰ½һȦȻҲ֪ʲôͻȻˣ֮Ϊ׻ֻ̣½
ǸͷɢүѣûʲôʵȨϼԴҲ֮Աǡ
ϼੲݵģǧ۾ȴʲôҲû˵
ϼˣΪˣٴ߶߶˵˵ĵҩƼҵĺãֱں˵˵λʦƵĵҩƼҺã
Կ䣬ǧ۾Ҳô
ϼ˵ţۿ֮ǽЦ⡣
ĭվһ࣬ǲѣô˵ˣӦò˵ĺ⣬һὫҩûȥɣ
ĭָ⣬֮ڵЦݸΪŨ˼֡
ϼ˵üǣƼҵĵҩȷǼõġǧתͷкЩĵҩƼҵĵҩЩ˷ˡ
ϼһȫû˵ĻС
Ƽһõĵҩǻûг֪ϼǲεģǧ۾״佫һöҩȡϼеôҩòãűƼҵĵҩء
һϼۣĵŭǸûɫġ
Ťͷȥöҩ֮侹ôҲƲĿˣκڿĻҲ˵ˡ
öҩʵ̫˰ɲ⻬Բ󣬾ζŨԻõζֻҪһţ˻ˬҲһӾ£ĵҩ䲻ɶõҩ
ϼָǰĵҩҲ˵ˡ
ЩҩƼҵҪãҲ֪˶ٱǱߵĴʦ
Ƴĵҩʵ˾̾
ϼУһΣϮܽҩƵãвƼҵλġ
ϼϵľȥװһƽүǵöҩǺƵģָܲܽң
ϼղŻߣھȻҩʦˣǧͷζһۣڵЦҲ¶
򣬲δ˵
ǧ۾ЦЩζϼǲ˵ǣҲ֪λʦ֣λʦӹŹ֣ûġ
ɴɴʶǧһۣǺǣλҩʦ
ϼŤˣôǧڷԼ
ֲΣϾλүӰκĭүˡ
ĭǰĵҩҲͱˡ
ĵҩƵĺһǧ
ǵ治֪λҩʦ֣ĭüЩеʳڡ
ܾλʦв
ǧҡҡͷ˵Ĳ֪λҩʦ֣֪ǺοҴأ
ϼĭ꣬ȻЩ
ǧվһ࣬ȴЦ۾
ϼûʲô¶Ҽҷˡ˵ʱǧҧֺأĿҲĭƲȥȨ


988 Һòã

ĭˣ˫նŤˡ
ȴʲôֻ뿪Ƽң
һ뿪ĭűƵǣʲô˼ȫûƼҿ
ϼһڸֳһĨ⣬½үȻҪһЩˡ
ĭҧҧɫΪѿ˼֣ͷĵҩ治ǱŪ᲻вƼҵĵλ
Ҳϼĵġ
°ͣ춼
ĭָ⣬ͷҲϰµģѲɣĻвƼҵĵλ
ĭⵣĵʱϼ۾ǿ˿ڣӦòû˵λʦӹŹ֣Ʈôҩ
ĭһ˫˵üǣǲڰݵˣǲᾲҩģԶƼһӰ춼ûС
ϼ򴽰꣬ȴһĨУʵ벻ܽҩãʵ˵ƼҵĵҩҪϼ֡
ĭҧҧ˵ǰȷƼҵĵҩöˣ½Ͼˡ
˵ĭҲģϼĿ΢ɫҲЩѿǰҲû뵽˳֡
ĭҧ˫ЩζΪãǼõġ
ϼһǰ
ʵǣλʦ̸ֶ֪ʲôòõİ
ĭ뵽˴Щģüǲǽڵˣ
ǰϼ̧Щؿĭһۣôˣ
ĭƿ꣬ȥοЩһֱ䳰ȷģҲȥһ¡
˵ĭ۾ҲһĹ⻮
ϼ֪Щʲôɿ˵Сŵ㣬ǻҪ˽µġ
ĭŵͷģŮպ÷ִġ
ϼڰ֣һƣ
ĭ΢΢˸ӣųȥ
֮л谵ֳʪľϣټΧʪŪ˶Щجج
ĭⲽߣЦ㵱ƼҼӦû뵽ôһɣ
Ϥϣë΢ŻؽĿ˿
ĭˣͷ΢һƽĭһۣߵˣǲǣ
ĭ֣ס°ͣݺݵȻģѾļҵ֮꣬Ϊ˽Ҳܹƽ
ĭ̯̯֣ڵЦ͸żζ
۾Ҳûп˵
ĭšüЩڸ˵Ϊβػ
û˵֮ȴһ֮ɫ
ĭе鿴һҧЩζ˭ˣ
䴽һЦû˵
ĭŭֱϵı˦ϡ
žһ̳һѪۣĺɫ˲ӳĭУƬɫЦǲҵİھñòã
ϵѪ۵Щ䣬Ҫʲô
ɴ˫ĿһĨֻʻ
֪ˣĭűӣЦ޼ɵ
ҧ꣬еĺ֮ĭ㲻ң㲻Ҫҽڶ˽̾Ͳ±¹
Ҵ֮󣬸һЩҩʱ»֪Ҷ˽̣ĭһЦеĹܣƽ˼ֶɫ
һⲻԸϼ
ҪϤ
šüһ˲侹һɫȫӣģˡ
ǺǣɳЩҪ⵽Ӧġĭ֮ҲһĨӿ֮ɫڱⱨӦʱ򣡡
ָһҲһĨŭɫϯĭǸϲҪɱңΪ˱ֻܳ²ߣ㣬϶Ҳͬ顣
ң㡣ĭЦ˦ųޣϳϡ
žžžڵڻ졣
ܣɽģʹҪ̵ȥһȫɫҲʱòҰֽֽޣ·һͻһ
ʹʹĭ򴽽ǣһɫ
ָ⣬૳ۣ۵ġ
ĭеЦݸˣ۵ĻҺòãʱҾͲˣֻҪҡ


989 һҪһ

ۿһ£Щ·ΪξЩϤأ
֪ЩʲôĭḧǣЦҲԴҵģԴҲһһǰɣ
صɴ˫һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ĭ˦ųޣɫһа֮ҰֻҪʹˣңʱĻͣӴ㲻ҵĻҲὫֻҪֻʣһιһöҩԾͳ˰ɣ
ħħҲ֪Ǵ󺰴
ĭЦһǱ˴˱˴ˡ
ڲͣģǱĺܣƵóղŻƼҼ
ƤӲĺܣǾٶ鼸°ɡĭüڵĹⲻţµǱǿ

۵þеҲɳƣĭȴԾûнӷ£Ҫֻʣһ
ʵܲסˣֻĭĹҰɣܲסˡ
ĭƿ꣬ЦЦ˵ʲôô
ֻһŭӿͷˣֻ׸ĭ㣬ܲסˡ
ĭԺŽеıӷ£Щͺ𣿺αҪЩƤ֮أ
Ŵȴ˵
ǰλ㻹㲻¿һħҪ̵ħ
ʲô߹ţȫװģ
ʲôĭšüɫҲûôÿòˬҪ𣿡
û˵ɫҰף֮ȴƽһĨ˿⡣
ĭˣᣬΪʲôҪң
ԭ毺õŤ
ĭ˵ǷǺڰдģƬ̣ſ˵һ䡣
ĭһתҪˣǽЩ˵Ҳûʲôģҵ˵ǺڰдҵţҲֻкڰŻ֪Ĺ
ûκβ
֪ڰ˾ĺֻҪһЩʲôڰ˾ͻὫĨɱ
񵱳ϼҲڵ
ʲôûֻǽҩŪ˶ѣɺڰƫƫţҪϾɱǸڰ׵³
ЦһһʱҲ˵ˡ
ĭ̧°ͣͻȻһŵҩҪһ㽻Ʋã
̿ˮŵԷһ
ĭһۣڵһ֮ɫģǵӾǱЦˣĭҪڰΪĻʱ³һֻҪһЩ飬ڰͻ᲻㣬ܻһҪҰɣ
졣ĭһѿס°ͣͽ°͸жˡ
η壬ǹЦ
ĭҧгݣ޲ýɱ
ԼҵķԸ׼սʹҲƽ
ֻ֪̼Ҷѡĭָ⣬ǲĵģգҾͽ㽻£ʱǻȫµİš
ٴν۾ɴҲɪɪĭħħ
ĭЦһת뿪ˡ
գƼҸŮֱӽ˻ʹС
ڰϢ̨˺ĶҲûʲôɫ
ĭ˵˺ڰᣬģϣȫȾ˵֮ޡ
ĭ˷䣬æǹµǵı£ǰѾ˺ڰᣬŮҲ꣡
һע⵽վһԵϼһ㶡
ϼǰѾʧˣҲΪϼʧ٣ųһμϼͻȻ֣ҷһõȴϷ
ϼ㵱汻У֤
ϼ˷ȴδµرµĻȷӹ꣬ӾǶƳʧˣֱѻƪ
ǿ˼ۣȴû˵
ĭ۾˵£սթ˺ڰᣬƼƵĵҩȫ͸˺ڰᣬ൱ڰźڰˣмʵڶӰ
ڸڰҩ̧֮Դ˼⣬ֲúڰôˣҩǲȱԭɵĺ£
廨ţҲĨţ˵ֻܷء
ϵĨõ޵νƱ硣üһһ΢⡣


990 ʲô֪

ĭۣͷҲ֪Щʲô
ʱһ̫ǰĨõˡ
һõͷţͼؿڵ£Ȼ˺ڰᣬƼʵҲɾϼѾڰˣΪ˾ڰ˶ԲŻƾٲλ
һ٣ֵȻΪԲ׾ϼ֮λ𣿡
°ͣһ䣬ȷˡ
ΪվԼߵģ˫ֵ£ԸϳͣƼϼҲ޹ҲӦĳͷ
ŤͷʶϼȥЦЦϼ˵㣬㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ϼ䣬ŭһۣ£㲻Ҫӵһ֮ʣϵ½ôڰṴһӶҪͷһ汳ġ
ĭüæǸһ䣬ǰ£Ůĵϵ½ȻҩϷֵַҩ£ǧ˵Ļڲƭˡ
£˵öģһҪŲ񰡡пڣͼ÷Լ
ɷȴ°ͣûпƺЩԼ˼
ҧ˫ֽ첻Ӧеزĸо
ͻȻ̧ͷĿϴûڣͷƤҲ
Ҫ֧Ųסʱ򣬷Ŵ󷢴ȱڵѾ˵ˣǵԲľȻϼĿﰡ
ûаɴ˫ֲ˲
ƼҸŮվһ࣬Цζ
˵ûУղŵǷۣԾڵİкжڰһ͸ǧΡ
ҪӶЩҡҡ׹ˡ
ڵأҡ
Ҫˣ
վȥڰ֤ȷ䣬ʱƳնڣͷ­ڳգʾ
һŴǣɫΪҰ˼֡
˴ȥٴһ֡
ɲ֮䣬룬Ǽ֮С
ӰϼſЦӢӾӦñնʾڣҲЩڰں֮ڣ³
Ҳ˼֣ϼ˵㵱Ϊ޲֪ǰɵʲô𣿡
ϼһ̼䲻֪˵Щʲôʶĭȥ
ĭ򴽽ǣ
Ҳ֪ı¶ţᱻץסְѱҲΪˣ߰˲Żڷ
޲˵ֻΪҲܴл䴽ЦϼЩʲôֵ飬ݹ޲ˡ
ϼٴһ˵һֱΪʲô֪˶ѣ
ʲô֪ѡ˵ֻлλ±лҪһЩҽƻĺܣƽûпֺۼ
ЩʲôȻŹǵġ
ټϺڰỹδΣٵֻ»ٲѡ
Բٷ
ϼսָ⣬΢Ƭ̲ǿڵôֵأ£ſľͺá
𴽽ǣϼ룬ͺˡ
ϼЦЦҲ˵ˡ
ԴƬ̣ƼҸŮת뿪
ա
ǧʹӴҪնˡ
ʱն֮ͷ­Ҫڳգ˷һã²һģһ
ǧͭǰϸϸų׼һȥſȻʲôÿĶҪۼ֤
Ͼǹڰİࡣ
׼ȥšη޳ָǧͷ
Ҳܸܵϴȶȣůǳůġ
ǧ۾ǰϾǹڰİ࣬ۼ֤һҿ˭Ҽڰᣡ
һȥƿ꣬ȵϢżֱɵζһƮǧϡ
ǧֻû붼û͵˵ͷɰʱһȥ
ףҲҪȥϲͻȻܹһѱסǧĴȡ
ǧӦˣ½ǿΪպҪѪģǰһҲûʲôˡ
ټϷϲֱӦͱȽǿ˫ϵħʦȼѰ˸࣬һǽߵ϶ûʲôϢ
棬Ƕĺã


991 

ɣ͸һȥǧ촽
ϲüЦãϲˣ
˵ţͱǧְһڡ
ǧԴ
Թ緹˾׼ȥţǳŵʱ򣬻ɴɴˡ
ȥǧ۾Цζ
ɴɴһ죬˵Ҫնףûʲô¶׼ȥƣأ
Ҳ׼ȥšǧڡ
ҪȥţɴɴȭͷǸ࣬ҹڰᣬˣ˺Ҿ׼ȥģ
ǧһȣ㻹׼˳
ɴɴӣЩ˼ǰصġ
ǧ󣬲Ĵָ
ɴɴָ⣬һȦ
ɣǾʹĳȥŰɡǧƿ꣬ڴЦ
ɴɴһ˷ܡ
˱߱˵ܿţи̨̨źЩˣһЩڵĴ٣Բ̨лһˡ
˱ǹڰ廨ţҲһĨҪ˵ЩʲôҲ˵
˵ЩʲôԲĨϵİɡ
ʱΧ۵İҲǶԲ̨ϵָָ
ǿǸջƼҼΪڰ̨ˣҪͷˡ
˵Լ꣬ʵɥĲ񡣡
Ѿ˺ڰᣬֱǱ޻磡
һһ˵ţЩܿʹ뵽ŤӣκͱĨסͺһ
ء
ֳִ󵶵ĹּǳһţʲôУֻһѣܲġ
ؽţҪܣҪҴϼĶС
ǣûһġ
ѵǸϼһң
ƽͲƽ
ҽУ֮дż֮⣬ŤͷȺѰʲô
ּ˼ֱ֣һϡ
һǿǳߵȥҲѪǱҵĲˡ
죬˺òҰ
ʲôҵģ˺ڰᣬЩ͸ıӦ
ǰҪġ
˵ţȫȻûκ֮ͬ⡣
ڵϣ۵øվ
ּһվۣЦǴﰡȻһÿġ
ڵϣΪѾҪˣʲôÿÿģ
ƺ֪Щʲô۾Ϊӵҵĵʱܲ׼ģǼֺšˣʱеĵһƫûͷ­һԿ£ʹǻģȷҪһ£
һȥ
ҪˣȻҪвҪĥ
ҧֻ꣬Эվϴżʹ֮ɫ
üЩͺ𣿵Ǽ
Ŵ꣬˵
ҪˣҪ裡
Ժ󣬼Բ̨ϣȴʱ
һԡᡱĥĥۣ˲ͷƤ
ѾˣĥһֲĸоһһҪĳ嶯Ӳȥӳȥˣ֮ȴûκ֮
϶һĨ֮ɫ
ǿ۸оûκͬ飬ֻġ
Ƽ𣿸ղǸ۸һžͽ߷ڵء
Ƽˣ˭˺ڰᣬҲ֮С
ǰڰĹ˺򣡡
ڰ˵Щʱĭϼ
һյĻɫֱӱˣҲڲͣ˸ʲô
ڰĹǲǺڰĹ
ĭ򴽽ǣŬԼȻǱЩվͳɡ
ϼӥת˭ҪЩգһ˶ѣûǿ
ĭ䴽ЦѽһЩ˶ѵҪնţܵίҲһϤ
ϼԲ̨֮ϵһǴżֿ⣬ǰӾͲҪˡ
ϼȻģȴûбֳ˫ǰڳһʹı顣


992 汳

ǼˣȾˡ
죬ϼⷬģĪ
ҲѹְƼӣĶӣҲС
ϼô꣬һֱĥţϼǶϧ֮飬Ȼΰġ
ΧϼһЦԴ˼⡣
ĭ۾ҵǺֶΣֻǰڳһյô
̫ˣ
ǧվڲԶǸŮϼ¶ĳʹЦһƣϼˣһϷǽ϶ͷ̨ģȴƫڳһʹӣʵȤĽ
νĿͶ˹ȥȴֺܿƿˣǣСѧ
ǧ󴽽һû뵽λ˵
Ѿˣѧ
ǧʶӷεģЦҶѾˣѧ𣿡
㲻ԴᣬϴЦҲůůǴ档
ǧ΢ţᵱС
üɵһۣͷôЦ֪𣿡
գգ۾˳ĽëȾ̫ɫҲ˲Ϊʲô
ЩĪڵ˫ҲøΪˮ˼֡
ǧŴǣһ֪֪Цʵ̫˷ˣôˣǷ뷨跨Ҫմȥ
ǧһ٣۾ǸĭһֱзǷ֮ɣǱЦˣ˵֣
һ㶡
ôӺÿɰ
ڳԴװɡôҲܡνǧһĺɫ˫ͫˮֿϸ壬ƯĲ˼飬ҵĵĸңֻߡ
⻰˵úǧԭأһӾͺˡ
ƫλ֪˵ЩԺɰڳһ˵ģƮƮüĿԶÿ쳣
Щǻȥ˵ˣǧ̳Сͨ졣
εͷɫͫӳֻӰӡ
ɴɴվһ࣬͵͵
죬ʲô
˴ʦ˵˵ĻҳõģЩܲˣ
û뵽ʦȻˣ֪̫᲻ᱻڣ
ɴɴ͵͵˷һۣŵɪɪ
ҲȵŴ꣬Ŀ͡
˸ûע⵽˵ı飬Ǽһ˵ĻʱҪˣͣ۰ͰͳԲ̨
Բ̨ϵͱŵû䣬ҪԴҪڳ죬Ϊλôƣ
ëһŤͷʱȻϼվһ࣬Ŀ΢䣬·⣬ȴżֻ
ˣԴһ¾ͱըˡ
ƾʲôϼ˾ң⣬ȴҪȥ
ƽͲƽ
ϼһеĿԣǴӵվȻٳϼײȥ
ҲҪһ汳ġ
ִҲΪִٶȱü죬˻δӦʱȻܵϼǰ
󣬾һϼ㲻ֱֱ˵ϡ
ˣֱӿϼϳײ
ײһҪײϼӦʱ򣬾Ѿײڵأ֮ıʹУڸɢ㽫ķζײ
㲻֪ڸģϼŭһǿЩң˷ˡ
ǿЩҵˡĭˣµش
ϼΨһˣټŸոϼ֮λλûй̣ϼ¡
ҲŸոշӦⷲ˾Ƥӵͼı죿
ֱڹ£һŵЩԱɫˡ
۾ȫǷŭ֮ɫһѽСӣ㶼Ҫ˻飬Ϊ˾һ˰ˣʱŲ
ɵ˵ĻԺҲˣϻ¶һĨ֮⡣
ءģҲżֿ־塣
ûаϧٴζȭߣӣ飬Ӵﶼʶ
ֱӱˣϵģĥƤĵطʵڿĺܡ
Χ۵İȴûκͬģֱóðײ˳ķȥ
顱Ⱦ˸գģǷݳζ֮ԵøΪŨ˼֡


993 ֲϤ

ƼҸŮվһ࣬۸ˣûаͬ飬Цø˼֡
ǶҲˬˣûаҪֵ˼
ɴɴеĳҲó˼֣ϵЦⲻȻףڸԼܰ
ŵķϲֲϵͷ̫ͣɵˣѾ˰ǵŭƽµȵʱ£ֻˡ
ðײ˻ڲҳ
ҺȫմȾϣټЩ˿ڣҺմȾϵʱ۵ѳݣֱ
ء
ͼģͱĨţ˸֪ڱʲô
Ǽˣɷ׷ײ²
˵ʲô
˭֪ǰɣ
ѽղŲǻ˿϶ĵģ䱾
£ҲԽԽףеĳһֱӽҵͷѪ
۵ɫҰףֻʹȥˡ
ƫӲĺܣʹĴݹʹ
ء
ۿġ
ʱʱǵˣĹԱһ֣Բ̨֮µİҲͣ˲١
ղԼˣ˿
Աǿ˿ɫ̽ȡڵϣ̡
˿Խˡ
Ǻǣ졣ǲżֻζ
һһ뵽ԼҪˣҲηˡ
Բ̨ϣЩľ۾˿ҲЩͣģѾˡ
ĥӵٴЩͷƤ飬üĿʹȴûκα顣
һʱ侹Ȥĥ˵Ȼ˼£һȥͽ׷룬²£
ǶУֲʵ
һҲû˵
һЦ־ͽ󵶻¡
ֻáৡһѪɽ֮ʱ׷룬ʱӵɵô󣬺˼ʲô
ʲôû˼Ѿնɱˡ
ǶŵϵԴЩСĲεڵأЩӴһ⣬ںڰ߹ѾնɱȻޱȡ
ǧŵϵͷ­ϲûʲô飬˺ڰᣬҲ˴ۣһǲʹĴۣ
֮һ̫ģ˽ϵͷ­𣬹˳֮ϡ
ǿųϲϻζͷ­ĺµڵľԴһҾ죬Ժǿͷ­û
һЩɰİռͷ­Ȼ
Ϊʲôö˶˵ĳڻͷ­
ѪܵģΧиõļ󣬷һָʬζƮɢʵǹǳ
ǵôˣΪλһͷ­
ͷ­ĸó̶ȣӦùϰɣ
̫ˣëȻ
ǲɰİղָָ㣬Ҳֹģ˵ͣ
һЩڵİռˣ͵ͷ­ģλȻ˺ڰᣬ֪Ժŭ̽նʾڣͷ­ڳǽá
ǲɰİգһ۳ϵͷ­ֲˬ
˾Ȼ˺ڰᣡ
ɱ
ڰ߹͸ñɱ
ǰö˶˾ȻڰᣬɱҲҵģ
ƣѵͳڵƼʲôϵ𣿡
ɰİ˵ţ뵽Ĺؼڣ˾ȻƣּΪϤѲɺͳڵƼйϵ
һڵİղЦһںܳһĨڽɫƼҵǸӣǰûƼҵļɾҩʱ򣬱˽ҷڰ̨նʾˡ
ЩǲɰİոǾȡ
죬˾ȻƼҵļֲЩϤʵ벻ͨһྐྵȻܳΪƼҼƼǲҲ˰
֪ɰЩʲôæǽյ˵˳ɰЩԺ󣬲ľġ
ǸȻĵĥһĥꣿ
죬ʵ̫ТˣӰ
˾Ǳɱϰ£Ҳǻã
ɰǷ׷ָţҲǶԺڰἫΪԹ޵ģôһڰ˳ǰȻҪϼŻῪġ
һʱſڱüΪ֣ǧǳʱı
ǰʲôΪλô֣ǧųſڵȺ
ϵǿͷ­ڻεţйɵĻȣϸһܿǿͷ­Ѿʼˡ
οЩɰĻȻؿ˵ǽǴͷɰİգϹôһ¶Ȼޱȡ


994 ߲

ǧųǿͷ­ɳһ䣬ԭˡ
˭ôһͷ­棬϶֮ģ֪ͷ­ǶȻἫΪǲɼۼڳſڣþòȥ
ζǰٴοڵѾ죬ǿͷ­ûҪȡ˼Ҳ֪ġ
ǧ̯̯֣˭֪ôģƻɡ
θƬ̲ŵǽڳڲɰһЩȥ׻½
Ѿ죬׻½ıƿҪˣȥҲǸʱ
ǧһۣ۾ģԣǾټȸٶȺܿ죬һӾܸϵ׻½ʱдʱڡ
ͷ
ڳڲɰ죬һʱҲ֪òɰЩʲôϾеĶǶУʲôҩⶾҩװԼħްǶҪҽǼƷ
ϾȻħ޳ۣǧЩ˼飬˵ħ޽Ǹ߰Ϊλᱻó
ҷħ޵ϸϸţǰûмħ޵ӣȻڼˣҲ˵ڱȽϷ
һۣЩͽ׵ħޣǣǵڲûκս⣬Ҳֻܵɲʵս
ǧһЩħ޵۾Ǵͣţ˿ûս⣬һǷ
ԭˣħ޲ŻıǻȼЩħޣֻ˶ᱻǧЦһҲ˲ûʲô¡
ʱһ߲ӫ֮ɫǧǰ˸
Ψɫͷƺһ˿ŭĽǵڲˬǧıģһһ½ͣ
Ȼ˵ǷħޣҲ̫Բ˰ɡ
ǵڼ
ǧʲôһȻͣ˽ŲûУһΧ쳹ͣ
ңղŻһֱ߲֮һʲôţƶ
˵ģǸκָ֣һħ޵ӡ
ǧŤͷȥһѷħ֮Уһ߲֮ǵâƯȴҲ΢ǲϸʲô
ǿǧԼǵ߲ʹâ˼֡
ǧˣͷһЩħﾹȻ˿ǵħ
ûпǣͻȻâŪôƺҪʲôǧ°ܾͣЩ˼
Σǵâе˼ǹȥɡǧڣҲһĨڴ֮ɫ
ûԥ͵˵ͷǹȥһֻħޡ
߹ȥʱƹվλҪʲôħޣħӦоУйħޣħޣħޣħޡ
ǧǲһ顣
ͣ
ֻȥɭдһܣνĹħ޾ͻˡ
ħޣҲҪ
ǧŤͷɢ߲ʹâһֻ߲ëգ
պܿɰϵëȴ˰棬һյëǰɫǺɫɫǰֻ߲ʲô
ǧֻգֻҲڽǧ
ʲô鶼ûУǧȴպڷŭŭĶȻԼ
ǧԼıӣӦҲûʲôɣôֻվͶԼŭˣ
ôҲ벻ֻͨյķŭȴʵʵڵġ
ΣûоֻЩ֣ͦҵġǧᳶε°ڣ˵һ䡣
üܿҲյĲԾȷˣľԡ
ǧ۾һС
Ǿ˵ղѰ֮ħ޺öˣ
ƹֻħ޳ľ߸ԡǧָֻ߲գܿͷ߲ϵɫǲʺɫ
ȻϣȥΪƯ
ƹ߲һۣЩȱȱģֻħްֻһֻûõĹħޣҿλԼôһֻûħʵڿϧˡ
ƹУֻ߲յȷǳûõġ
ǿҲܸﶼ䵱ˣҪëƯֻܳΪǵвˡ
֪ƹʲôĿⲻ䣬ȴǼдż˿ŭɫ˵ûãǿɶడ
߲еŭɫӳǧС
ǧˣٴ㶣ֻ߲ڵɫҲ˵ֻ߲պܿĿǣһܴȻԹħ޳֣мʲô
ˣҲǽʧˡ


995 յʶ

ǧ۾ֻ£ȻǹħޣǼ۸Ӧͦ˰ɣ
䴽һ䡣
ƹ죬Ϊ򹥻ħޣ뾹ֻ
ַ˵ĺܣҲҰɡ
ҡƹָָֻ߲գǾܽߡ
ǧ󣬲㶣ǱеĻҪ˼֣Ȼֻƹоһûûɫ
ǧȴⶫͨһεģ
ǧδһھʹӦšüͷһſڵƹֻȻǹħޣǲЩˣħҾͲˡ
ƹûоʲôԡ
ֻ߲ôһ˿϶ǲģһھʹӦỳտʲôϡƷʡ
ɣǾǰѡƹǴذڰ֣һֻħ޶ѣ˺ǰۣͼ
ǧüû뵽ƹô˵ֻǳĴˡ
ŤͷЩͬؿ߲һۡ
߲Ȼ˵ЩʲôߺߵŤͷһ޴ı顣
ǧ
ʲôأ
Ѳǳյޣ
ǧȡҵݵƹУƹħˡ
ƹЦǺǵؽӹң׬ģֻģʱճû㲻;˭ֻղԵö࣬һֻ
Ҳ׬ˣ
ƹϲ̵رŽңüЦġ
ǧǰյڣҵˡ
߲ͷһۣ޴࣬Ȼӵˣֱ޴֮
߲ۣصǧ
ǧۣͬˡ
ʱǧԺһǵӿޱȣҪԺʶС
ǧ۾ȻЩԾԵ޹ʲܳҲ˵ԭǳġ
ǣ˭
Ҳ˲Ծ߲տȥ
߲ջǸȴȵģȴ˸һĨаЦݣʲô¶һ
һ۾ȫ±Ȼֻڸ
֣ͷҲֻһѣڳֵĻܻܿƻǧʶӶǧʶ٣һ׳գ
ǧĥҲʵ
۾ƽϲһĨɫ
ʱǧҲֻ߲յĹǵӿɢֻ֪⣬ȴ룬ֻվȻô
ǧ۾ŬԿǵǱУŻΪɵӵġ
ǧҴ⣬ٴκ߲ն
ʱƹȴǰһйޱȣһһڶţպ񻹱Ĺ죬ͺڲμһսһ
죬һһվô£
ƹʵ벻ͨղŻúõģôһվͱأ
ӿϢڼƹ񶼱ˣâӲǰĺˮҲھʲô
λ˵ô˰ΪʲôΧһرΣյĸоƹŤͷСһ䡣
βδᣬĿֱֱؿǧʲôΣա
ʱǧֻʶеǿǳܣϮʶľһһͷͣЪһֻ֮η塣
ǧ۾ȴη壬ڴ˿ηˣֻᱻʶΪɵӣ
˱۾ٴ۾ʱǻһ֮ɫ쳣˫иǸһᶨ֮ɫԲᱻ򵹣а취յߡ
ৡһһɫͻȻʶȼն
ǣϵħϹŻ֣
ϹŻȣһȼһеĿֲ߲ռˣȻɴ۾͸һɾɫ
죡
ྐྵȻӵϹŻ߲ǧҪĲͬѰ
߲ʧʱǧʶȻһ̣Щӿ˵ֱֱЩڶȥ
ֻá顱һЩϤǧߣʶֱøɾ쳣Ҳǻػһ㣬Ҳ
һͣƬֱֱ̺أһȥӡ
ƹ˷龰Ժ˶±Ƶġ
ôͻȻεˣ
ղԸоһǿûһǹʧˣδһˣ


996 ʱ

ֻħô£ôͻȻεˣƹָŵϵ߲գһ䡣
ǧָ⣬ǸԵõģȫʶˣֻħ޿̫˷˰ɣ˷Ը˷ˡ
˵Щʱǧı࣬ڿЦ
ƹһ飬ȴ˵κηĻҲԣϾֻħãûƵ˽£Ҳиˡ
ǧ߲գЦ
ħޣ
ħ޻ôǿΣԣ
ҲǰϻĻɫɱסˣҲù
תѵ߲֪ǧЩʲôһٴ˹ȥ
û°ɣǰһ䡣
ǧҡҡͷһ̣ûʲô£ҽֻձȥ
ν߲ձֻտȥͦʵģɱﾹһûУһ㹻ˡ
ƹģûʲôõħޣͻȻһϤŮ
ĭСƿ档
ǧɶ½ŲĭͶȥۡĭ˼Ҳƽ˲٣ֻһϮɫĽ۳֮ϻŴĵЩĵߴţΣһͻ
ĭԼһ߹ķ٣ֽϻбһֻҡڷƮƮ죬ʮ㡣
˼ģͷȻ
ƿ棬һϮֲ£һѾ߷٣ԭûʲô˿̸Ǻ޴ڸУϵҲĥƽϵ·ûʲô
ǧţЦƿҲû˭ˣ
Ǹܵעӣƿ治ĿͶ˹ȥǧԲ˫лЩŭɫ
ǧ󷽵𳤷ϲûʲô顣
ôˣγѯʡ
ǧЦǼ˼ˣ࿴˼۶ѡ
ܿ죬ҲĭǵĴڣϲûʲô飬ȫǵ·ˡ
ʱĭҲע⵽ˣһûУЩ¶ǼˣҽôƯ
ΪʲôԼأ
ĭöţҲʲôħޣ
ƹЩɰҲͲұһֻħޣλӻֻ
ħޣ
ĭ̧ͷȥֻλл汧һֻëףë߲ɫĶֻֿɰϸ֮־üΪ֡
Ӻܳͼģϳë߲ʵɫּΪѤãĭȻ䷢߲ʵɫǲʺɫ
ĭԽԽͲɱ˱⣬ƹֻʲôħްëȻ߲ʵģòҲţҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ʲôƹָ߲գ˼ҳúÿģ߲ʵëħҲͦġ
ĭһǧ˵ҲֻùħޣħһҰˣ㵹ͦġ
ĭͿǧر𼵶˻ᣬȻҪ˵䣬ƽеŭ
ĻǧδٲǧĭһۣŤͷǻȥɣ̫֣ҾԿЩۡ
ĭֻоԼĻ޻һƮƮģûʲôá
ټ˵Լĭ۾лܵŭɫһӾͱˡ
ǧ˵ʲôĭŭ㾹˵ҳ֣
ǧŤͷһ޹գգ۾ûֻ˵Щδ˵ʲôԺ𣿡
㡱ĭָǧıӣ˵Щʲôͱͻһ
ۣɢͬº˪˺á
̬ɣǰӡҲһĨ
ķΣĭֻúһϣȫҲƱ˪ˣãԭΪֻǵĮһЩȴû뵽Ҳô䣬Ҳ¶ֲı顣
ЩΪǧ
ĭҧԽԽЩƽƾʲôЩ˾ܵõôණЩ㾡жܵõԼҪģ
ĭ򴽣еļٴŤͷƹƹ񣬰õħ޶óҪѡһֻƷħޣҪеĺã
ͻȻʱȵ˼ֻҪѡħޱǧĺãʤһɣʱҲǰҫˡ
ǧ߲յԴֻ߲ղѰ֮ĭһֻõħ
ֱǳ˵Σ
ĭȴ־ȫֻ֪߲յĵϸ
ƹҲǼΪĵģϾƼҼҷ϶ģֻҪȻܹ׬һʵġ


997 ħǮ

ûãƹͽмƷħȡ˳ЩǹħޣҲõħޣƼõħˡ
ҲõĹħޡƹٴ˵ƼƣЩħ޵ɼսۺǲɶļƷħޡ
ƹ컨׹
ĭһƣҲЩħ޲ǵ񣬻ģɭħ޲
ɭħ޴߰ײУԼһֻҪǰ׻½Ҫ»ʲôΣգ϶Ҳἱһֻħޡ
񣬼ħ޻㲻ҲܰĹˣ
ǧ˫ֻأµš
ʣȥˣ
ǧƿ꣬͸ż־Ө֮ɫĭ׻ѡʲôħ޺ðɣħ̫ˣĭѡ죬ҲѡһֻƷ
˼Ҳ½ŲʼۿȴûʲôȤֻѡ
ǻˣĭ𴽽ǣЦݽѡһֻƷħޣܽǧ˼
ƹҪֻħޡĭָ֣һֻһħޡ
һֻڤǣٶҲܿ죬Ѿһʱ䣬ֱУϵѪ˺ö࣬ԼҲ൱Լһֻ
ĭȴֵߵߵģȫ֪һ㣬ΪڤǺţƣܽȫſ¡
Ƽ۹⵱ǼõģһֻڤǣٶȶܲƹЦ˵ҲЩħΪһֻץڤǵʱ򣬻˺Щء
ƹĿޣĭ̧°ͣԽʮ㡣
ƼֻڤһǧңǷҪ򣿡ƹСһ䡣
򡣡ĭԥ
ǧȴԭء
һֻڤǣȻһǧң
ȥҰץֻڤǻǲǾˣ
ǧǱʲôţһ˫۾ģʢƯԡ
ϲ׻½֮нǿԶ¼ӣҪҩħ޶㡣ĳĿͶ硣
ǧæӦһЦЩãΣãҪºööӣʱ׬˺öң۷ˣ
ϲЦݲõӣһֻۣͷޱȣװ˴ˮһ
ڤ֮ĭƵؿǧۣƼ˰ɣֲǼƷħޣղֻʲôħޣҲֻŻֶ
䣬ĭ°̧ߣ̬ʮ㡣
ƿվһ洽͵ЦɿĭһֻƷħޣͼʷǳ
ԭƼϵ˵ûô⣬ɳԴȴǲġ
ԴңʹѹòǰΪĹܼңڵҲ׬ȡ˲٣̨֮ȻһǴѾߡ
ͷ׬ңҲĭҲһգ¸ûʲôӲȥֻˡ
󣬹ֿӣҲ֪ʱгͷ֮ա
ƿָ⣬кԹ֮ɫ
ԹĭҲԹǧ˶úƯȻãھѾߵ
ĭеڤΰĭŤͷЦһ䡣
ƿæǿ˵ĶȻǼõġ
ǧǵħأĭʡ
ǧ˫ֻأµţĭҪʱˣʲô˼أ
ƿһ̸ǧʱҲнˣ٩٩̸ǲһֻħ޶ѣܺͼħȰ
ĭ˵ƮƮȻҲ·׹ƶˣǰһֻħޣܺҵڤᲢۣ
ƿҲǸһ䣬ǣ˵ڤǼץڤǣֱ绢
ĭ۾鼫õģһͬȥ׻½ɡ
ƿһ˫
׻½õ˱Ͳˣʱĭ˹ϵ
ĭСžţһ˫Ĺ⡣
ǧٴȥŷתߡ
ĭ˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͼǧͲӰղЩ˵ĻҲͱú
ĭŴԭضţǸǧΪԼǸʲôûнҷҺôҲƼҼأͻȻڳΪԼǸˣ
ǧΪǽλûö
ƿվһ࣬㲻úǧһƽϣ˱˵ģŵĺܣű˳ȫ˿


998 

ĭšüеŭɫŨǿ϶ȥ׻½ʱǱ׾͵õ
ƿЦδ˵
ʱǧѾصլС
ϲ֮ûгȥΪ˯ŵĶˣæǴ´ּǻбһֻ߲ʵĹŹֶĺ̾ͱ
ףбŵģʲôϲͷһ䡣
ν߲շϡ
ǧЦ˵һֻա
գϲҧָ⣬ÿɰհë߲ɫģ
ȷǺܿɰħޡǧٴ߲յԴֻ࣬ȺģеǼõġ
ϲҲȥһѣֻҲףȥֻպ
ѾбС׻ˣֻҲֻѣŲ
ʱɴɴҲ˶
ǽʱ򣬺ܿע⵽ϵ߲ա
ջţȥɰ޺
ɴɴ˼ֻۣտɰޱȣʲôħްȥë׵ģЩɰ
ȥ˼ѣֻôмãůģ
һֻ߲աǧƿ꣬ƹ˵һֻħޣҾÿɰ
ɴɴ۷Ź⣬ȷɰĺܣúЩְ
ǧ̯̯֣ħްвֵģ
ɴɴʶͷҲ԰Ҽħ޴඼ֵͦģֻҲǿɰһģôŰ
ǧֵڴ䣬˵һ䣺ֻ̫ˣΪ̫ǱˣȻ˵õˡ
ɴɴ󣬲˳ͣôоûôأ
ǧ˵úе޷
ûãֻ߲վתˣǰӰ㿣һҪιȥˡ
ǧˣһѿסĲӵСգ߰ڿˣͲܶʲôģ
߲ǧŮˣεڵأܵ𺦣
߲պ۾˸ŷŭ
ǧۣһ⻹һֻǳա
죬ɴɴָ߲գǾЩ˼顣
һûпǵħޱǲôģմȾѪЩ׶ѣǰֻգ͸۾ݳģĺܡ
ͷϲҲƼȱ仯
Ҳ˵һֻͨˣ
ǧɿٴ˵Сգ
߲һȫǧˡ
ֻСƢô󣬾ȻˡɴɴЩȵգգ۾һ˲߲յҲ˼֡
ȷһƢġǧ˵ţ߲ղӵĵطḧŪš
ֹᣬɶȴ͸һֶӣ߲̾ղ
֮ܵȻʼҲ͸һĨ־壬࣬ſգ
һ˲һ¡
ֻ߲վȻ˵ҿڵϸϸŴŴԾһûСƨſɰĺܡ
ɴɴ㵵ض߲գǧֻվȻ˵ûпǵħޣһǲ˵ġ
ԣ߲ѾˣһܴöǾ˵Щʲô
ǧɿڵĹϸϸţ޶߲պǧһٴЦѾˣлͼٻҵʶ˵Σֺװħ޻Ϊʲô
֮ҲһĨɫѲɣͼı죿
ǧ뵽߲վ͸¶ĵ⣬Īǣǵзļϸ
еɫ߲ղһӡ
࿴ȥףÿ£ر𲻺ǣ
߲տ޿䣬ȴʼҧû˵
ǧٴֿס߲յĲӡ
߲ղΣյŵëֻ֣һֻնѣʲôзļϸ̫˰ɣ
ǧһⶫȻ֪ʲô
߲һԽеû뷨ڽӵʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ǷյȻˣһȻҪ㶯ˡ
ǧڽ֮ǰȷЩħǷÿһۡ
ǰ˸߲֮⣬ֻǲ̤ȥġ
˵߲ĻԺ󣬹⽫ʹչʾӵģ
Ȼٳûʶڣб
ǧᳶǣͻȻʵ̫СһЩһ˵ѣֻվȻôǳ


999 ޵Ѫͳ

ߣնˣ˵С߲ͷǧһմδ˵Լ󷽣վСˣôŰ
ǧšüһƤ
վƤ߲պߺ䣬˵ֱ׳
ǧƤˣȫ֪˵ʲô
ɴɴ߲ⷬԺҲŪüΪ
ǴδƤֺ޳ܵħޣ
߲һһȺûʶࡣ
Σ֪ʲôƷֵ𣿡ǧŤͷΣⶫ˵֪Щʲôô˵ǷƷ
ռֱĴڰպʲôɶֻҪʲôͳˣ
ףգϲ˫Ź⡣
ֳ°ͣĿ⵭ģüͷȴšһ𣬡ֻյȷѰ֮ɾʲôһʱҲ޷˵Ȼ
ǧü㶼ֻյĵϸ
ƿ꣬δϿֻյļأʲôϡƷְɡ
߲սͷĸ߸ߣǵ󣬡డ֪յĵϸ𣿡
ǧü밡
߲չһЦʮǷ˵һ䣬հһˣͻˣ
ǧ󣬽ëһָҲڿ⿩죬رֻմһ٣ⶫҺҪţҪǷᡣ
ɴɴһ飬ɴɴɰͰһЦǧֻպи԰֪Ϊʲôرһ١
˵ˣҲ룡ǧ˿Ŭеıѹȥ
߲Сȣٴε޴࣬ǿ϶Ҵյģôɰ𣿡
ǧüƤЦⲻЦãǵȻð
ֱӳ֣һƺ߲յԴϣ߲໴УǸСģ
ǧûаϧĮĺܡ
߲ʵܲˣֱӴЩ֣տҪܲˣ
ǧƤӶûգһ£Ȼôʹ࣬Ұ
㡱߲յɴ˫ڲŷྐྵȻ޳ܡ
ңҲſǷŹ㡣ǧЦŴЦľôǷ⡣
ɷȴôΪǧÿɰŵʱ
֣ˡ߲յֵסֻܿ޿
ǧãŽɿˡ
߲յõͷţӵһȫĵطţ۲Ⱥʵ̫ɶˣȻôԴգôɰǾȻˣ
߲¶ʧǶҪҲÿġ
ɵԵȱʧǵµɥ
ӣ
ǧŤͷһ߲ڿ޿䣬Ϸࡣ
ɴɴһۣӶԷпһ˿Σǻûô޵ħޣʵ۾
ϲֵǾ˼ֻܺճΪѡ
û´ֻӦ޵ѪͳĬƬ̣κ˿ڣϹޣֻͨޡ
Ϲ޾ȸ֣ޣǱǵһεģȴǱħ޺̫ˣ
ǧЩȣΪֻջȽһЩ˭֪ôƷְһ˸Ҳģ
ǧ߲ħޣһС
߲ձǶͷƤ顣
죬Щôһʵ̫ˡ
߲̿ˮʵ벻취ˣſڵװˣǱűգֻһֻɰֿСնѡ
ǧ䣬һ߲ձƽ
߲ոܲŵû
֪ɴɴƷǧ۾ܻһ䣬Ȼ޵ѪͳΪλᱻһƹץȥǲ̫ûһЩ
߲ߺߵģſھ뷴ֻǴƫԶĵط˴Щ˶ѣն֮㱻ƹȥռгԵĺȵľͲ׼ˣ˭֪ͻȻˡ
߲һ뿪ء
ˣ
ƭƭȣ
ǧٴһ飬Ҳ̫Ƥ˰ɡ
ɴɴҲ˳ǣҲͷҲˣǻû˺޳ܵޡ
η䣬ߵ߲ǰ
߲̾ӽֱ·ˣŮ˻Ҫ£ȻŵĮϵƸΪˣӵѪͳҲˡ
һǿֿµˡ
߲С˷һۣڵ˫˲ˮģ·һҪ޳һ


1000 ǧ

ǧˣɳοһۣ٩ΰʲôǽСŻˣ
ŤͷһĪʲôҲû
ɣǧüϸϸŷΣҲû÷ʲô°Ҳ̫ÿһЩ
һ˾Ȼ߲ܽų⸱ģ
ǧ°ͣʾܲ⡣
߲ɲӣſǳ㲻֪ϵʵ̫ˣն챻˺𣿡
ǧüֵĮɵƣ
ˣֻҲ̫զզˡ
߲ոʲôͻȻӴеɫһ㶣ٴɪɪûȥˡ
СգǧһԸԼĻҾ÷βˣ˵Σ
߲һٴզզ
ɶྐྵȻҪԼѪͳģҪˣ
߲նݺݵصǧһۣȴֲֻ̫ܺߺ䣬Ҳһ仰δ˵
ֻպ̫ԸⰡɴɴָֻգܾһǳİ
ǧüΪ˵ԸԸ⣬ҵҵԼա
߲󣬲ɴ˫δ˺޳ܵ࣬࣬޳ܣֻһֻնѣ㲻ܱҵġ
ǧ۾һ΢⻮ﴽЦ˭˵ҪˣֱӲͳ𣿡
߲ٴαŵõԲ˫ĿʲôӲ
Ҫʲô
δ߲ףǧҧָѪֱӵ߲յͷ
ֻ߲һůϢƮǧĳϵ
죬ıǿӲԼˣȻһ㷴ûУ
߲˫ͣɵվԭأⲻӦðⲻԾ
Ϊһ㷴ûУֱ˵ϵˣ
߲մӸղŵĴͣ˲˷ŭѳݣȴֲܶǧʲôֱˣôôûͬ⣬Լˡ
ǧü˵ģͬ⣿ƻ˶ˡ
߲Ĺĵģζ˵ͻȻ֣ŮԼԺʵ˲٣ܸЩʲôˡ
߲˫һ˲þϲ֣ǰֻģģһЩ˿̣룬ֱһķԾ
˵೬ģ
߲ͣǧȥۣ̽мϲζ
ʲôǧӴ̽Ŀ⣬ЦǲǷֱԼ˻кܶôģģ
߲΢΢һ㶡
Ǵĺô
ˣӵϹŻ֣ǿѵһĶǱһõˣ˵ǳġ
񵽱ˣ
֪߲Խգź˫ǧĿҲ
࣬ͻȻģʵҲ߲ǵز˲ǧƣղŰģˡ
ǧȵģЩЦôͱշˣ
߲һΪֱ׳ھø㻹
ǧɰͰһЦʲôû˵
߲ٴδǧԽԽܺԼһʱҲõ㡣
ͦ˰ɡ߲պߺ䣬ܰؿڡ
ǧ۾ҲգЩ۹ġ
߲ձ죬û˵
ɴɴôͽշˣ⾪ȵ͡
ҪԼħ޵ĻôףҪ˽ǣټħǶаģǾԻʲôģοŻһֻޣȻô׾ͱԼˡ
ֱ˼飡
ǧɴɴĴָ
ǧһ䣬Ҳɣֻ˵ֻպͦϲԼģûô
߲գôϲԼѲ
ɴɴֻ߲տЦֻͦϲġ
ǡǧǣֻϵ߲ʹâͦÿֲʺɫǾأ
Ҳÿɴɴ°ֲ߲ͣյԴ
߲ѲֻĬĬָ
ףֻջԵġϲЦЦֱסյĲӡ
ղһ⣬ȥģټëïܣȥ࣬رϤ
ϲ۾Щˣףϲֻա
ճȥһǧЦһ


1001 ǿЩ

ϲ˫һǣ߲վ˳ȥ
߲ǧѹͲֲǳ
ϲһȥǧǿɴɴǣ˵Ǿ׼ȥ׻½ҪҪȥ׼һ£
ɴɴͷð
վһ࣬Ҳǵͷ
ЩӣѾõòˣҲվ·ˣȴܾЩϰߡ
ǰ˵ʱɴɴߣڣ˫ȺˣֻԼ·һҲɴɴΣֱˡ
ƳɴɴһۣѶ
ɴɴ⼸Ҳͦá
ҽȥվˣóȻȥֻ졣
ɴɴ죬ʶһۣЩġ
ǧɴɴһۣ˵ԼҲܲų֮便ˡ
ֻ£ԭ̤ǽӴǧĿ⣬ɴɴһָ⡣
ǧĿջأЦζ
ɴɴƻȻȥʰһˡ
˳ȥٶȼ죬ڱ׷һ
뿪򴽣ҲǿڵҲȻȥ׼һ¡
䣬ת뿪
һߣоʣǧͷΣ˿̣ϲҲȥˡ
ǧŤͷοһۣҲ׼һ£
󣬵ͷϵЦҲŨ˼֣ɣھ׼һ£һ͵ȥ׻½ˡ
˵ţϲ־ǣ˽ղŵˣ߲պͷϲֵĹϵƺ˲١
߲վȻԴǵز˲ϲֵģоɵĲˡ
ǹϵôˣǧһ䡣
ǸղԺ档ϲЦſڣÿɰñ棡
߲ջ÷ϲڱϣ
ֻհ
ǧ߲տ˼ۣŷֻպͦϲϲֵģŷϲֵðˡ
Ǵ˵УСѵꣿ
ǧЩ˴ǣȻĲǼȥ
ϲ˫һٴձϡ
߲ߺһɵŷϲܡ
һһĻͦģҲ˻Ц
ա
׼һ£׼ȥ׻½
ǡʱɴɴҲˣĿбӣͺǿⲻȥԷһ
ǧԹ۲һ£Ƿ֮ôЩŤĪ˵ʲô
ϸ۲һȴƲʲôˡ
˽Уܿߵ˳⡣
˳⣬ɴɴɶ½ŲʵҪȥ׻½Ǻûɣ
׻½·;ңԶҪȥ϶Ҫģ÷Ҳǿԣͷϲûʲô
ǧοһۣ˫ģƺڴóʲôö
̾һһ֣һ֮ͷһӰ£һȫľڵأĿ⾼ϵƬ¸Ƿ˵Ĺ
Ϲޣ
ŴʦԼһֻϹޣüϹĿ𺳷ǳ
ӿƣȻ񣬹һħ޲ͬ
Ϲħ޼ֱǵϵ࣬ԷֻҪһСָͷܽЩħ޲ȱԲˡ
ɴɴǵһμϹɴ˫Ҳһ£һ˲ʹԭء
ϹҲһ˲񣬵Ǻ磬ʦͻȻٻʲôĪǣȥ׻½
뷨һֱӱŵԭء
֮꾹ȻҲܳ
̿ˮһ˲Щ㱡
ɴɴҲ뵽һ㣬˲ɲһ£ǧʦǳȥ׻½ɣ
죬ʵ̫ˡ˵òǧɴɴļЦ׻½·;ңԶǳգ֮㵽ˡ
ɴɴٴҲ˵ҪϹˣ
ſˮ˶Щл㱵ģҲòȥ
ʱǧѾϣۼɴɴǻδǧͳ֣ǿЩѲǲȥ׻½ˣ
ɴɴһæǻȥȻҪȥ׻½ˡ
䣬ĸ첲
΢㶣Ҳ˲䷴Ӧ˲һӾϣֳɴɴ֣ҲЩ
ֺܴǿ滹һϵļӣźаȫеӣɴɴ붼ûͽСָȥ
һ˲ůĸоϯЩůһĹ˶


1002 

ĺůоһӶſ˴ԺȽɿˡ
ܵ¶ȵʧɴɴһ´꣬ʧ˲ļ
ȫ֪ɴɴʲôȴԼɴɴֵʱһһ󣬴ӲͣЪҪĿһ
֪һʲôоָֻ֪оһ㶼ᡣ
Լģ滹ɴɴ¶ȣһ˲ķǳ
ǧǱ߿һۣͼǣֶһ£Եر飬Ȼû˵ɡ
ٶĥߴĿԣŶЩļˡ
ôġ
ǧƿ꣬ǰ˼Ȼ˵ƣǼˡ
ԴЦ
ǧ죬һ¾ͽĿ˻ȥ
ϹٶȺܿ죬ŲʱȻ͵*½ı߾߾ûж̣Ҳû֡
ãξͣһ⡣
˴Ժ󣬾ͷ*Ѿߡ
ɴɴָŶĳǳأЦ쿴*ǣٶȹȻÿ죬һգǾ͵ˡ
*ľӳֵģ¥ܸߣһɰơ
һ󣬱ٳ*ȥ
*ֻվʿʿųǹȴǰڳһģҲ֪û濴š
½*ǵİջͦ࣬Ǵ඼ǲɰģһЩΪ˴˵лδı
һ*ڼˣ߻ӵģǻҵĺܡ
ǧϲֱڻУ߻ӵģСһЩǧɢˡ
ϲָ˵ǧУ󿴿ҿǺˣԵ쳣˷ܡ
ͬҲ˷ܣϾطбҪˣܵõǵʵҲܵõ޴Ǽõġ
ڳڵÿһˣǵˣǶ֣
ʱڵһЩ¶裬˫֮иǳ˼ɵ
ǧܵɢĵ⣬˫һᣬҲһɫЩ˾࣬ǶҪСһЩ
ǧܵȴһ˵ĵס
ɴɴ󣬲ͷǰһҪСһЩϾᱦģһ˵ǶǾߣȷӦСġ
ǵģֻҪΪ˱ǾߡǧḧǣƯ˫Ҳ𣬡ЩǶҪСģЩڱﻹδʱͿʼˡ
ɴɴһ
κͷϲֵûʲôо
ɴɴ̿ˮ˵˼ǣǿܻ֣Դ;ߵʱǾиĻõˣ
ûǧüеɫŨΧҲһ䣬ЩǵѪˣʲô¶ó
ɴɴȥҼջס𣿡
ǧ󣬲ͷɣھȥҼջסȻʱ˶ջסˡ
*ڵĿջ࣬кҲͨģͨջ߻ӣǲĺܣǧǲŲԼѡһΪĿջ
ջҲΪȥʱֻʣϷˡ
ϷȴˣЩˡô죬ֻϷˡɴɴ죬ڳȥұĿջ
ջƹ˵ģĿڵλ͹٣*ѾˣڳڵĿջ챻סˣҲòʣ䣬ط˵ˣǲ¾ʱ䷿Ҫûˡ
ɴɴǻЩԥ
ǧ°ͣҲϷЩӵˣҲֻܽһˡ
ϷʵҲԡǧĬһڿڵҪɣɴɴһ䣬λбһ䣬Σ
ɴɴһģһ뵽йŮסһ仹ЩãǲҪ̫ˡ
ڷϲ֣ɲǾΣֻ÷ϲֹȥա
Щ˶ûκ飬ķ䰲ͦõġ
˷ӣСϷС
ǺջϷ쳣ļҾ߸һӦȫ͸¶һϢ
ǧɴɴֱ˷УεķǸڡ
뵽ԺǧһǿϢһˡ
ǰɴɴһ࣬˴꣬ղһ·ҷֿջסЩ˺ףһİȫǽ䱸һĨ׺Ҫȫɱһ
ǧɴɴȷˣԿ϶ǶǰѰұģҶе⣬ҪСһЩ̫⡣


1003 լ

ɴɴͷ
ǧ΢ʰһ·䣬*
ϣջһ춯춯оż˿ҵĽǧ˯ò̫죬һҽæ۾
·´̽̽
ĶȽϴ˯ɴɴҲתˡ
ǧô˰ɴɴ۾ͼǧϿͷҲ֪ڿʲô
ǧһЩͷж
ɴɴһ˯ȫûˣжʲô
ǧƿ꣬ѹղͷһҽͻȻһʲôˡ
ˣ
ɴɴŴ꣬Ҳ͸һĨţѾ𣿾Ȼô족
䣬̿ˮҲߵǰͷš
ͷģɴɴ˼ۣȴʲôҲûƼͷģʲôûƼڹŪɣ
ǧ۾һǹŪ飬鷢˰ɣǵȻٳȥ
ɴɴ֪ҪҲ˵ͷȫûŪκ
ͷƽǧţһյ͵һһξͳȥˡ
ɴɴȹڣСǧ
ʱסͷ·̽͵Ƶȼƿ˳ȥ
ԭѳŵĿջֱ
ղҾȻ˲ҽ⵽ô°
˭֪᲻ȹŪ飿
ӦòɣղǽҵĺܣڹŪ飬һ
˵ͣȴвͬ뷨еֵģеֻеȴ¼ˡ
ǧɴɴƣܿ쾹ֿջϱȾһѪѪδɺԣȥζΪŨҡ
ǧ澹ȻѪɴɴָϵѪ̿ˮѲɣˣ
ǧƿ꣬ȥ
ǧĻ䣬ʱȴһһʬ塱
һ˷׷Դȥ
ܹȥʱǧԷֵȾѪͬЩѪδɺԣˮһڲͣһӣоƮѪζŵĺܡ
ģ̌ȥǿһ˵ѪС
˸һѪȷʱǱ븹ȻʧѪġ
Ǿʬ壬ܿ㷢ǾʬӦǸħʦ
ˣǧܸܵɢ
ЩȻܵȴܺĸܳһʵ׵ħʦȻһɱΧûһ򶷵ĺۼʵЩ˼˰ɣ˵ֵʵħʦ֮ϣһҪǿöࣿ
ǧ˼ʱ򣬷δŷϲ˹
ϲֻЩԺģһǧǱߣЦ˹ȥףʲô鰡ΪʲôΧźöˣ
ǧָָϵʬ壬˸ոˡ
ϲֿŵϵʬ壬˲ղ˯úúõģôͻȻ֮ˣ
ۣȻÿ£
ϲʶץǧ°ڣȻ˵ջܲȫ
ô˵ɡǧƿֱ꣬Ȼǿջڵˣɾ˭һʱҲ˵һȻϾջסôࡣ
ϲֱ죬ǧ°ڲš
ǧţ˫ҲΪĵƽһĨůɫ
ϲһ˲˲ŵϵʬ壬ЩңҲϰˣףӦǸħʦɣȼ߽׵ӣҲİɡ
ȷġǧƿ촽
ǣȻһҮϲ־Щ˼飬ΧȻ򶷺ۼûУҲ̫˰ɡ
ǧδ˵ξͽӹȷЩ֣֮ʵǿҲп֮ˡ
ϲüһˣ
Ȼÿ£
ǧοһۣܿͬصͷ˵ĲֶпܣҸڵڶ֡
η䣬°ȻҲڵڶ֡
ϾǲδڿջиܵʲôǿҵĸϢиֵĵȼȻҪʮ׻ʮϰɣĸ־ڴ½ҲټҪ˵һССջˡ
ԣǸڵڶ֡
ĻȻܹ˺޲³նɱɱ˵ĿĿܱΪδı
ΪǱȻ˶ɱѪ쳣
պҲ٣ԣһֱڿջסţͱ밲ˡ
ǧֳϿ˼ۣûʲôɿԺ󣬱ŷϲת뿪߰ɣЩҲûҳֵ˼һĮưͲΧȫ


1004 ø߰

ϲֱ죬̫Įˣ
ԣҲض¡ǧƿ꣬΢䣬ǰǣЩûǵǡ
ǵݹˡ
䣬ǧָ⣬Ҳƽ˼Įɫ
ԣǾͲˣɴɴǧ󣬲һ䡣
ǧڵ˫ˮÿǳˣվ뿪طȥûдլӳ⣬ڱﻹδǽñȽ̹
ɴɴͬصͷ⵽ЩլӣȻǼõģ
ǧһ䣬δ˵
ʱѾص˷Уվͷʬ弸۱Ҳȥ˯ˣǿʳһиͲʲô
ܿͷû˶ջٴƽ
ڶգǧǾʬҲѾˣ˶տڲշ顣
ջַǷ·һоͺһһ
ǧȴ֪ʲôΣʵģȷһǱһģֵ֮ûС
ǧۣʶΧ˿ȴЩ˳Եģ·Ѿҹ顣
̾һҲûҹϡ
˳Թ緹*ѰҿլӣûñǱҵһ䡣
ǼլһĵĵضΡ
լӵΪᵽסȥˣֱӽլӳ⣬ǵضβ̫ãլĵҲһ´žһҰɡ
һұ˵ĺܣһźõĵҩ򵽡
ǧһ۸Ȼôˣ;£֮ǰǻÿլӾΡ
̫ʣҲ⡣
ʱլӵլιۣһ߲ιۻһ˵ţƣҵլȻضЩðɣĻûͦģլڵļҾ߶ڣҪȡá
լӵ˵òլڵļҾȫڣÿһΪ£ûκα𻵵ĺۼɼլ˽ǰüá
ټԺڵĻȷܺãмɽһССϾһСľţСˮģƯǳ
˵լӲɣլͷƯĺܣҲǼϲĻģ̫Ҳʺǡ
ǧϲլӣҾլӻǾأ
κͷϲûʲô
ɴɴŤͷ¿ҲϲլӵģҲϲլӵģҪɣ
վһ࣬ȫûʲôֻҪһסͳˡ
ǧûƣãǾլˡ
һµĶ𽻸Ժ˾ʽסˣټլӱɾֻҪ΢ɨһ£ͳˡ
լȫɨãǧȥջ˷
ƹ˿һۣȴʲôҲû˵ƺڳЦ˵޴Ͼ˷ʱɱסĵطûˡ
ƹȫ֪Ѿ⵽ˡ
뿪˿ջ˲δֱӻصլУǾ*ڹһȦ*ߵķ׺½ͬ
*е˴һ㶼Ƚϱ¶ӵĳҲȽϴһ㣬ŮӸǱ½ŮӸߴһЩǵĸһϰɡ
ǧվ࣬ʵ̫СһЩ
*½ǧ˼ۣ̾һ䣬˶øߣ
ź£Ŷٷվһ*½֮䲢԰ԵøΪͻһЩɢʣЩ˲ͬˡ
ģ̌һ˲Ͷ˷˫毺õӡ
΢㶣Ҳ伱ΣͻȻøߡ
۾ҲƯȻЩǧû˵
δ˳ĽëȾˣһ㵭ɫĺۼǳǳĺƯ
𣿡ƿǣһ䡣
ǧæͷĸߣЩ*½ӸߴͣվһûѷɫǸͻ
ͻһ۾ƼƲ۾
ǧ˼ۣ̲סġ
ܵĴ⣬ָɢȶȣԳ۾һŵߣϲ𣿡
ǧЦüۣҵķȻϲģôܲҵϲ𣿡
֣Цͷܸ࣬ܵϲ
ǧС䴽ЦҲܸܵҵϲ
ҲһͷëùһĶЩģҪ˶࣬뽫СŮѹϡ
Ҳܿ
ǧգգ۾ƺȫ֪ڸղһ˲ЩʲôȻ϶ֻġ


1005 ƼҼ

ڳھţ׻ڵַǷֹСؽֽвڳϲϹš
Щ߶Ϊδıһڹ䳤֣һ߻ѡֵսõĶȫţδı־ڱصá
ǧָ⣬δı﾿ʲôˣᳶε°ڣΣǱʲôˣȻôǰ
ƿ꣬źҲЩ棬Щʱվ֪ˡ
ǧһĸ߸ߣҷǳ棬ЩǱ
ʱǧǰһ
ǧţԴȥΣǱߺֵӣǹȥƣ
ҲԴȥɵͷɣǹȥ
ȺǧȺЩʲôʱ۾Ҳɳ˳顣
ԩ·խȻĭĭһϮߵ˽ȾŹÿǳ
վһƿȴǴŴֲ£ֻҪһƣ֪Ѿߡ
ǧһۺ󣬲˱˫Ҳ֪ĭڸʲôȻôǰټطֲĭ磬ôߵͲ˵ע⣿
Σ˵ĭʲôǧ˫ֻأڵҲͷһ׻½ɣôߵĺ𣿡
ҡҡͷȴǼһЩҲ֪Щʲô
ǿ˵ǧ˫һü֮˸žӨ֮ɫҵ뿴ĭߵʲôΣҲܺ԰ɣ
Ц
ʵһҲ棬뿪
ûлشǧҲ⣬˷ܵĭţ´Ȥĳ档
ʱһȺΧ۵ĭǿ˿ڣλƼҼĭҪҷֵַҩϣõҩܸṩһЩϢǾΣ
һ˲ԭء
ǱΪܹõѵĵҩ£ŮҰĵǲСַҩͬʱѯйرϢЩϢ˵ҲãܰװױŮˣ
Ů˵ҰҲ̫˰ɣȻõҩǵĻ
ǰԼȥ飬ҪŮ˰Ƕ˰ɣ
Ҫ˵Ů˲ǼٽƼҼ֮ǻİɣ
⻰һ˵ɡ
ҲǰƼ֮˶߰ģô˵ĻǸ׻ŮƭӰɣ
԰ǵɣĭƣڵŭҲڲš
ǧĭҲ㶣ʵû뵽ĭȻΪҪõϢ˵Ҫõҩ
Щ˶Ϊ˱ǻΪһЩССҩڱõϢȫ͸¶
뵽˴ǧЦһĭޱȰ
ĭΪԼ棬Լܴɵ˵ʱˡ
ǾȻΪԼ˵ѣΪƼҼôУƼҼʵģ
ĭüǻʵƼҼݲɡ
żڳһɰƫһףЩΪ˱ģҲм汾£Ȼĸ
䶢ĭ۲֮дżֳŭ⣬·һҪĭ˺ѡ
ĭſˮȻЩ£뵽Լݣ°͵ƼҼ𣿡
˵ĿģȻûĭĻ
ĭҧأƿͶȥһۡ
ƿ⣬̽öҩȡǼƼƵĵҩƵҩƷʣܴжϳǼݡ
䣬ƿ濴ĭ
ĭԽʮ㣬̧°͡
ƿ˱ⴽǣĿջԺ󣬲ŽһſŵҩڷǰǿɵϸһЩЩҩǵȼƷʣǼõģֻҪǻشǼ⣬Щҩǵˡ
ҩһóҩζƮɢ
ζƢ˲֪С
ЩŵҩζԺҲŲ˲ĺȻЩģζǼ⣬ǾܣҲһ˵ˬ졣
ǽǰĵҩղŵҲɢ˼֡
ЩҩȷǼõģƳֵҩģ϶Ѱ֮ˡ
ҲǰЩСϢƼԭѾ̨Ϊ˺ڰնɱƼҵճŮڵ
ǰŮӳòŸǻ˵ƼҼӦҲְܹɡ
һתСžš


1006 ֽ

ǧվһ࣬˵ı飬ЦһΣЩЩˣҪϢ˵˰ɣ
üëһǵģãһҲԸһЩ
ǧȻɴ۾ƺھȷε޳ܣ˵Щʱǵȷ͵͵ȥһ
ﴽҲһĨϲá
ʱƿתеҩֵеĵҩǼõģֻҪǽ鱨͸¶һЩЩǵģѵǾͲĶ
ƿŵҩͣڹƻš
ſˮЩܲˡ
ڵôǵʵҲôһ㣬ŬҲõİɣ
ϢȡһЩõĵҩ̣
ţ򴽽ǡ
ĭ˵ıɶƿЩҩƻֻҪǸõϢֹЩҩһһЩĵҩǾΣ
һ˲Ȼ
ǲԵõҩĭԸһЩҩƼҼĻܿƼҩˣ
һǻȥͷһͬҲƼһӣʱ߽ʱҲ˳һЩ
ֶΪأ
Щʵǿģһ۱ˣЩʵõģ۰Ͱͳǰĵҩ˼ۣյֲסջ󿪿ڵɣǸһЩصϢʱҪҩǣҪһЩҩ
һ̰ģĭ˫ȴǵãһᵱƵҩġ
󣬴ǲܸȥҸ¥˵°ɣȻ˶ӵģ಻ã
ĭΧ˿ȷΧ˺öˣҵĺܣҧֻӦǵҪ󣬵ҲãǾȥľ¥Ǹ
ĭΪ˻󷽣ѡ˸һΪľ¥
ЩսͷӶģܿĭȥ
ʣµվһ࣬ƺЩԥȴûиȥ
һߣǧ˿˼ۣΣڸȥ
εƮҡȥɡ
׷ǵĽŲһľ¥⣬ǲδֱӽȥͷתȦȦѰҲᱻ˿ä
ҵԺһֱ˷ܡ
ڴڼ䣬û˷ǵ٣Ǿһ磬ʧ١
˷ԺڷϱߣͼѰĭڵ᷿ܿͱҵˡ
ǧСƿһƬƬ濴ȥ
ͼĭλϣƿվһźţЩΧһ𣬳ϵʳ
ЩʳƮɢ˵ζĭȴĳЩֻšüѾھ¥ˣǷҪϢ˵
ĭôһͷӡ
ǳʳȫûһҪ˵˼
ǳԷ˵ɣҲһʱ
ǰ˶ˣ˲ɰ
ǰǳ˿϶ߵģ𼱣
Ƕ˵ˣĭ˵Щʲô
ֻĬĬǳ˵ĭԴȵòͷʱЩǷ꣬͵Ƽ֪һЩʲôأ
ĭһ°̧ߣʮ֪ʲôʲôطʲôЧǳҽķǸ
ĭ⡣
ҲŪԺģƼ㻹һһʰɣŪЩκġ
ĭ򴽽ǣЭʲôı
΢٣ԴʵҲ֪ʲô֪ⱦ㣬ǵкܴİ
ĭšüͷⲻǰ
ǿĭĲˬһ̿ˮԥԥŽһֽóƼǰЩӵõһֽصĺйرϢ
һ˻Ȼĭ˫Ҳ
Ȼ
ſ͵ǧҲ㶣ΣǾȻйرֽҲ֪ǴӺδ
νëٿֽϵдʲô
ǧ棬źÿĹâãƣϵдʲôʲô
仰˵꣬˱ĬҪõ֪дʲô˭û˵
ʱ˵˼֡
ǧϸϸţͼµĭѾչšüϵĶЩɣüͷԽԽҲüΪѿ
дʲô
ʲôСǾǾԶߣǰ
ĭڼƽ黹ͦ࣬µĲŮҲѧ峵


1007 ǸһЩ

Щ϶ʶЩ۽һЩԺˡ
ǾֲǾӣ
ǰ
ʲô
ĭϣʵʲô˼ôһҲ
ЩտǰҲͷǶûô飬дʲôȻƼ϶ܶ飬ϵĶӦѲɣ
ĭǲһ飬Ѿѵ˰˫ֻҧصǰϵĶ϶ѲңֻҪƼۣ϶ܽġ
ЦЦֵھ巽λĻ˵ڰ׻ɭֵıߣֻҪȥѰңȻҵҵԺ󣬱ɢ㣬ǿ϶ڵһʱȷҪҵĶ
ĭתתڻ֪˾巽λ±Ҳ
ʱ򣬱ô϶ڵһʱ䷢֡
ĭе˶
ƼѾ֪ȫ˵ˣǲӦճŵһЩҪĵҩ
ǰǲֹҪҩҲҪһЩĸ߼ҩƼ˵Σ
ڴߴٲͣȫһծģĭһһŵ֪ˣǻ԰Ƶҩġ
䣬ĭæóһ¯
ǻδҩʦƵҩ쳤ӣ۰Ͱ͵š
ĭһæִ¯ʼƵҩ
һ˲˲ţڲһȡ
ϣǧѾϵݣǾǾԶߣǰ
ǧૣȴôҲ͸ϵݣΣϵЩʲô˼ҲЩ벻͸
ü֮Ҳҡҡͷһʱ䣬ҲЩֲס
ǧͷǻȥо
ο貾Ө˫ͷ
᷿ڣĭƵҩʹǧ㲻죬ȴûκ¶Ƶĵҩüͷȴǽһ
ǧֳ᷿˼ۣŷת뿪
ܿ˾ͻصլС
լڻģʱϲԺɴɴĺܸˣԺ̾ʹЦ
ǧͷλȥʱ򣬱Ц
ʲôȻôˣǧȹ߹ȥǳһ䡣
ϲһЦܹȥסĴȵףǻǸղܳȥʲô
ϲգŴ۾һʡ
ǧһЦſڵǸղųȥ˿ջķ䣬Ȼֱˡ
ϲЩ棬ˣ˭
ǧЦЩƵģ
ϲȻصͷԭǰҲΪ˱𣿡
ȻΪ˱ǧۣһɫҺǣǴ˲õϢ
ϲ󣬲ȻǲܴϵõʲôϢ
ʲôϢɴɴҲͣжʡ
ǧ˵һЩڱϢȫһ°ɡ
վһԵҲʶ˹ȥ
ǧջĿ⣬ղȫ˵˳
˲΢΢һ㶣ͷ˼
ʲôǾǾԶ߽ǰɴɴգգ۾ͷЩԻ
ʶ˴ĸ첲⣬ʵ𣿡
һ㶣һſڵҲ
ɴɴ̯֣̫ѶˣȫûһͷȻǴ˵еıҲôɬѶ
ǧһŵ˵ЩѶܵõЩϢҲʵǻܻɭֱ֣߳ʱܽϢ˵ҲǺаġ
ɴɴ󣬲ͷ˵ûûֻͷӬһתֻҪúýһ֪ľλã
ǧ󣬲ɰԼָ⣬⻰˵òֻҪǺúý𣬾֪ľλá
Ժ󣬲˿һҲ˴ǡ
ЩǱϣҲڲ֪ǸһЩ
ɴɴЦ֮󣬲ЩǣĭҲϵǻ᲻һҵ
ǧëһЦЩԣĭһҵ˱͵͵ţʱȥˣ
䣬ǧЦһ
Ů˾ФҷΣʱ򲻽ҪıҪŰòѡ
ĭô
Ҳŵõλá


1008 ô

뵽˴ǧ䴽ЦЦЩˣɴɴֱӽֱԭء
죬ǧЦӺˣҪ˭Ƶġ
ˣǲ˵ƴˡǧֵЩ챦ﻹδȥɭֱ߹۲һʱĳˣҲӦԡ
˵ͷȫûκηԵ
˵һӣ뿪լӣɭֱ߽
ɭֱǰ׻½ΪΣյһƬɭ֣ħ޾ۼҾۼŵһ㶼׶ޱȣȼܸߵħޡ
˵ɭֱ߲ôýģҪȥͱó׼ҪһЩһͬǰȥ
ǧǲûκ׼Ǿôֱȥˡ
ѾĴˣټǧռﻹҩһЩսǳţƵħǣ޺Ϲޣǻʲô
һ뵽ɭֱߣһΣյϢ
ǧ۾֪ͽ˽䱸״̬
ʱɭеΣϢûбǧĦָ⣬еĽ䱸ҲŨ˼֣ɭִ͸ΣգǱＴĵط
ɴɴΧ˿ɭеĹŪúëΧȷĺܣǶҪһЩ
뵽½飬ʱֻʥħޣĪ֧ţɴɴ¶Ҫɭˡ
Σɭ֣ʶɴɴ߿˿ƺڵһʱ䱣
ľٶɴɴĺܴģûиоʲôԡ
ǧ䴽һЦǿˣ
ȥûκζˣͺͻȻϣͻȻԭһ
ǧŴǣֻ۷ǳǻʵ۲̫ˣ
û˾ľӳ䷢һСӣС֮кˮᾣʱЩˡ
ǧ濴˼ۣûôСӣһʱ侹˽Ŀջء
Сӻ峺סɴɴǰһ۱㿴ںεȺȺ˹ˣ˦ŵβεСӵ롣
ɴɴЩζС㣬͵ЩС㻹ǵСҲǿǼۣǾܵˮмȥˣ
һЩСѣӿ϶СǧһۣЦ
ˮĺøɾɴɴЩڿʣ˿ںˮһڱһζڿڳݼӡ
ģɴɴƷһ˿ζ
ͣסۣˮúúȣȥЩζһζָоˬƵġ
ɴɴ˵꣬һں
ǧգգ۾úȣ
Ҳһȣһھһ¡
ĺúúȣȫĶĸоռľˮҲȥ
ĺܺúȡǧߵˮգ૳ͨСӶѣΪζôã
ɴɴû˵ȴóˮװˮôõˮһҪҪװһЩȥ
ϲѧҲˮװһЩˮף˵ˮúȣҲҪװһЩȥ
ǧԴǾװһЩɡ
ϲֹ𴽽ǣЦòޱȡ
ŷϲ֣һȥ
װˮʱ򣬾һҵĽŲ
ŲԽԽҲһЩ˵
ǧһݣûãһȺӶ˹ϼдżɱѪ˫۾ӥһη塣
ǧʶЩӶơ
Ӷ
ɭôͻȻӶ
ǣûҵʲôĶЩӶ󣬺һмϤŮҵͿЩҡ
ӶһƣûзʲôֻҡҡͷƼǲδʲôĵط
Ǿͼҡĭüһڳһ߸ϵģ
ʱǧѾվӶĭˣһϮ˫ֻأһ߸ӡ
࣬վѾߴƿ档
ǧˣ۾ȻĭͻȻʲôѲһ̽鱨ģ
һۣûʲô飬Įĺܣ̽鱨ģͷΣգ͹ӶôӶǰ
ǧһ̣ЦһԭǸİ
ǳЦδ˵
ɴɴȴһԳ˳ǣΪ˭һİ
ʱĭг
ǧô
ĭľɭлصЦȸ׷ɣĭȴ֪ٴνг
ʲô
Ҳ֪˱Ϣɣ
ɱϢʵʵҲǷ˺ôһŵõģƫطѵǴ


1009 ޴ĺ

ĭʶ˽ָ⣬еĽ䱸ҲŨ˼֣˵Ҳطʲô
Ϊ˱ǶԷҲˣŽȫߡ
ĭţǧһ䣬ЦԭƼطǰ׻½һɭ֣ûƼҵıǩɣҪƼɣ
еķζĭҧ˫ǳ
Ů˾ҷҵԺ󣬾ҪŮŪ
ĭǧǣһٴο˵ǰ׻½һΣյɭ֣ûطʲôһС
ĿͶϲϣһɰʵ׵ļơ
ǧ˫ֻأֻЩЦ
ٷȫûĭһۣͺ˿
ˣĭҧ˫ǶǧԹ˼֣Ǽȥӱ߿ûʲô⡣
ĭһתͷӶǣǧǷʲô׼ӶҲȥƣʱҲܿЩ֡
Ӷ˽ңȻ£ĭ˵ߵСӱߡ
ǧˣ۾ȴվԭûж
ɴɴһۣжĭ˼֡
Ǵδ˺޳֮ˣǾɭƣҪʣ
ĭΪԼǸˣ
ɴɴߣȫûĭС
ƼСҲûʲô⡣ӶǶźһȴûмʲôСƽ峺Դ
ĭЩţôûʲôԼȥ
ĭȹ߹ȥ˼ۺȴδƳʲôʲôûС
ĭҧҧֳǧ˼ۣȻʲôûеĻһֱվСӱʲôΪҲʲô
ǧһ󲻸ʣ𴽽ǣЦƼ㼱ҴҵģʲôҪǰæ𣿡
ĭšü
Ҳ˵Ĳ֪ʲôˣ
ĭһǧĻ󣬲üͷЩȻҲûѰʲôҲҪǰæģ
ǧۣǳǰãͳһƼղſǳǰڳһ𾪵ӣѲɣƼʲô±Ƿ𣿡
ǧװʲô֪ĭĻ
ĭһ۾ҲЩƮȴһװһȻӣʲôֻͻȻطЩѡ
ǧ˫ֻأЦЦ
ĭ̿ˮ˵Ͼ⴦ɭΣ쳣Ǵӹʵ˺档
ϲһ׻˫ϵħʦĻС
ǧָ⣬ҲЦҼұɲͨĺӣأͲƼˡ
ĭҧס˫˭˵ҪǸˣ
ֻȷϱϢ᲻й¶񣬼ǧһãȻӣƣڶʲô֪ء
ɲı
ǧּ˿֪ʵƼȻҶΪҪôЩӶһ֪̺ô󰡡
ĭۣȫ֪ˣʲô
ǧվһ࣬΢紵ǣ˵ĻȣƼɭʲôɸ˵Ĺɣ
ĭ˫ࡣ
ɸ˵Ĺ
ǧ˵Щʲô
ĭһһԼ˵˵ҲɭĶѣ˵ɭΣգһЩ֡
ָָǰӶЩĴ֡
ǧȻ򣬲Ӧһԭˡ
׷ʣĭ˿֪ΪղžǧĿγе鶼ᱻ³һ
ĭҧҧͷŤ𴦣ûҲϹˣҪȥĵطƣǼСӱɡ
䣬ĭӻ֡
ЩӶˣæǸĽŲ
һϯ˺ƺƵ뿪ûñʧӰ
ǧ뿪ıӰ۾ûʲô׼ȥɭ̽飬ҪҪҲȥƣ
ɫԽȥ
ڣԲᷢʲô⡣
˾ûʲôһϯ˱ƺƵɭȥ
ɭҲкôһƬˮԣ峺ףʱﭵģղżСӲࡣ
ɭȻһôĺɴɴǰĺпһ䡣
ǰľ޴£һƵģЩˮķǴ̵۾ۡ


1010 ħȺɪɪ

ǧһۣϽĿջأȷܴ󣬶Һˮ峺ףζͷСĲࡣ
ɴɴһ־Щˣæȹڷ˹ȥЩˣȥЩˮ
£̧Ÿ˹ȥ
ɴɴһںˮֻһüͷĺˮ˳죬ˮҲ̫Ѻ˰ɣɬɬģܿͷĺˮһȣһһ¡
Ѻȣǧǰɿѯʡ
ɴɴĿˮµʵ̫Ѻˣÿġ
ǧüͷ˵ˮͷĺˮ࣬ôζôࣿ
һھ֪ˡɴɴüͷһ޿ģζʵڲ̫ˡ
ǧºɣһںˮ
һڣüͷͽһ𣬡ĺѺȡ
ǧĺˮµĲᣬҲŤҲʵ̫ˣˮ峺ÿʵζô¡
ɴɴͷɿġ
ϲֱȣɼǱŤҲͲҺˡ
û°ɣǰǧš
ǧͣһҡҡͷû¶ζʵ˲ҹά㶵ǿ𣿡
СǳռﱸһЩǣǸ׼ġ
һ顣ǧ͡
ҲҪɴɴ̧֣˵һ䡣
æǽȡһһ顣
ǿԺѸٽǳ£еĿɬҲ嵭ȥ۾˲Լˡ
ǧߵߣЩ棬ˮ峺ףζΪʲô˲˵Ӧð
˳Ŀ⿴ȥɵˮĵλòͬɡ
һɭһɭΧɭʲôӰˮʡ
ǧ󣬲˵ͷҲֻͱȽϺˣɾЩ֣ͺЩˮڲʲôƵġ
͵ˮʱ򣬺һ󾪽ϡ
ǿЩЩħ޴ҿǸǸҵġ
һϤŮż־֮ɫ
ǧŤͷһǰƽƽĴǾ
Ǹھеˣĭǧ˫µš
ʱĭڱһħ׷ϣģǱһӶţȻͳΪħǵĿˡ
ƿҲûõȥǸѾ߶ѣЩӶᱣֻƾʵֵЩħ޵Ĺơ
ûãƿѪ߰ߣɫǲҰ쳣ſĺܡ
Ⱦҡƿ۵ô󺰴һӶȾҰɣЩħʵ̫ˡ
ֻһҩʦѣʲô
ĭԿֻۣȥһ˽סȻǸѾͷЩֵġ
ӶҲ棬ֻɳһȥƿ档
ƿ治˿СϵĲ԰ҲȥһЩ
ôôħޣǧ˫ֻأǰĺϷ
վǧ࣬Բ
Դʲôذɡɴɴ죬üҲһôͷϹҵģҲ֪ܻ䣬ױħϮġ
ǧ˫ֻأҲǴȻŪô󶯾
ħǻڲϮЩӶЩֵסǱ˵Ѫ߰ߣǱĺܣǲϺУʾôҲֵסħǵĹ
ʱһѪζڿܣħŵѪζ˫Ҳɺǲ˻ţҲΪ˼֡
Ӷ̿ˮŤͷʱȻвħޱڶ
ͷХеĺ֮ɫÿҪ
ӶһҲɪɪ
ȻǵѪӶͬʱҲѪ֮ģħϮȼǸ߳࣬ǾʵٺҲ򲻹ô߼ħް
졣
ô찡ѵҪ
ӶſˮڵĿ־ԽԽࡣ
ƼʵڳŲסˣǺΪ֮ɡӶæŤͷһҪܵļƣǵЩңǻỹģ̫ʵϾǵ뿪ˡ
ĭɴ˫Ťгô뿪ҵĽңӦñҵİȫ
ӶǽһӽҶ£Ⱦܣһ㣬ǲˡ
ҪĲ°ĭ뿪ıӰϴ󺰴ǻǿ
ӶǲǰͷҲء
ĭҧҧֻ꣬Դһѣô죬Ҫħ
ǧվһ࣬Ѿĭĳ̬ȫ
ħĶ࣬ӶǶѾ·ˣֻĭƿħȺɪɪš


1011 Ҫˮ

ħ쳤ХһͣԺֱӡ
ζޱȵ࣬ҲȥۣζһܲħǶǶģ˲¶̰Ĺ⡣
ĭƿͱŻˣǱһɪɪڲϿţһ˲ķҡ
ǧվԶţȫûһҪֵ˼
ɴɴһҲûκ֮ͬɫĭƽ۸ڶģղŻǺȥڱħϮҲǻá
䣬ɴɴ˲ȵϵණǻãϴξȻФ벻ФˣڵõӦ˰ɣ
Ф˾ǷΡ
ʶοһֺۣᳶһɴɴʶƺʾҪ˵
ɴɴȴûӦһͰ˵ţͷҲһ
ĳο˼ۣȫûʲô飬˿
ѽǻáǧۣҲһ
κ֣ǧ۾̫࣬ˣ뿪ɡ
ǧĽëգ˼£ĽëڷˢҲ
˵Ļǲĭǵˡ
뵽ǰЩĭԷιģЩ·Ѿǧ˲һġ
ʹҹɷλһ˵ģ
ɣǾȻȥɡǧüһ̧Ľëˢġ
һֻһȫһУҪﻹкöˣֻЩ
˼Ҫ뿪ʱĭŤͷǧһȵǿЩȾҰҲ뱻ħ޳Ե
ƿҲץʲôһƴ
ǧŲδͣŷתߣһȫ˻ˮӡ
ЩħȻˢˢĿͶǧϡ
ǵɴ˫Ȼû뵽ﾹȻ࣬Щ࿴ȥǳζǸСĺӣȥˮģʿ϶ۣ
ħſˮе̰˼֡
ҪȫԹ⣡
ħǽעͶǧϣĭ˿Ҳ˵ڰȫˣ
ħ޵ıǧšüͷɫҲ÷˼֣ҲǳϹϵȥƫҪˮ˵Ǽ
ǧĻŸ䣬Щħ޾ѾƿϮѸټܵħǵϢǧһᣬѸٴӿռȡѪ﷨ȡ
ʺɫķչڷ⡣
һʺɫĿ˼֣
ħҲǰѪɫ̵˫һ㶣ɽģֱ̰ȡ
ѣֵܵסǵĹƣ
ǿǳħޣЩֻܳΪǵвͣ
ħ˻һļǧƽǧ˫еѪ﷨Ȼһ˵Ļȣ漴âҫ̵ۣħ۾ۡ
ǧŲ۲ۣеѪ﷨ٴλһȦֱسЩħ޴̹ȥ
ֻáꡱһķȶѽħ޵ĶƤƣһ˫
ֻħŵؿǧֻǸϸƤŮӶѣΪνƾһȾܽǼӲĶӶƣȫϳ
ֻħ޵ɴ˫ҪҪǧɱ
ǸѲȾһסˣܿ죬ǸܵʧûñȻأҲѲˡ
ǧѪ﷨ջأڴɱ֮⡣
ħ޼ôɾɱͷħޣŵúһ
ŮӾԲѰˣ
ǧŤͷǰħޣ΢һɱǵģȴԼײģġ
䣬ǧϣеѪ﷨Ȳϻ䣬һֻֻħ޾͸ŵڵϡ
ɴɴվһûжֱӾͿɵˡ
죬ħ޾Ȼôɱ䣬ħ޾ˡ
ǧֱ̫ײˡ
ſˮȥæģȴǱӦģǱȥ
ɴɴһۣͣ˽Ų
ŹһյĹǰħѱǧնɱֻ¼ֻݰͰ͵ĿСħޡ
СħǼǧײУһתˡ
ǲֻʶӵıӰǧδ׷ȥǾԭزϵѪգһȺ֪ߵغħޣ֪Ѿʮħʦײǹֻ
˵䣬ǧѾϵѪղɾˣһӱˬˬ·ղŴɱĲ
ɴɴǧȥһǿֺñ̬
ηǰǧƣдЦ


1012 ɵ

ǧţһŤͷ㿴ĭĿɿڴؿԼг𾪺Ͳţڿĳֻһ
ΪҪңǧӣ
ҡͷеЦǵģ񡣡
ΪңǧüЩĪ
γͶȥһۣǲڿ㣬ֻǱղЩħŻ˶ѡ
ǧȻصͷԭˣԭǱɵˡ
ĭôɵ
ֻǱ˶ѣԭΪǧֻŷζŮӣûʲôʵҲֻΪһӡ
ǰǧԱͺڰ᳤ͬھϢ϶ҲǼٵģŲһŮܸڰԿģ
ɲһŮӣֳһȾȻôħ޶Կһ˾ͽ׶ħȫɱղǧһɱ˾η
ĭ̿ˮǧĿҲ˼֣ԭǧĲ磬ܺǧԿ
˼һСָͷƶܽɱ
ȻնɱôħޡƿҲǧǰҲǧܣȴûУֻΪǻȭȵĶѡ
£Ƶģǧʵײޱȣôħһ˾ܴܣֲǧѩɵǳԭоġ
ƿָ⣬ȫҲɪɪ
ǰǧ䳰ȷһ˳ĽԼɱɣ
ƿ˫һʱ侹Щˡ
ǧջĿ⣬ˣǻȥɣЩ۾ȥʲôħޣҿɲٰ˲ƨˡ
üͷšָҲͷᵯһ£ŮҪ֡
ǧһ٩ŮӣѾǼ޹ӵĸŮˡ
󣬽ë֪˵Щʲô
ɴɴЩԺ󣬲洽͵ЦӵĸŮ
һ뿪ĭһȻشӵվǰȫ𣿡
ǰȫˣƿ濴˿ܣֻƽ쳣Щħ޸Ͳҹˣ̼
ĭǧ뿪ıӰָⲻ߬ҲЩʣղǧ˵Ļ˰ɣ˵˭۾أ
ƿһ뵽ǧײУҲ˼֣˵ǣ
ɶĭöţȴΪ̫˿ڡ
ʹѳݣܿҲͣж˵ҶӶӶܸǧһЩѵ𣿡
ƿĵЦЩӶҲ̫ˣô˶ɱħޣǧأһ˾ͽħȫɱˡ
ʵһͿˡ
ҿƿʵ˵
ĭüһЩģô˵
ƿգգ۾СղżӶӶԳõӶţǾħ޶Ըˣ;ˣǧأһ˾ȻԸôħޣʵЩӶ֮ϣ϶öࡣ
ĭһܾԼѾûϷˡ
ƿ۲ĭı飬û׳ӵӶ߻ˣȫ½֪Ĵʦ
ʦԶﻹΣ
ĭһӶҲ˵ǧһ취ûС
ƿ泯һۣʲôû˵˵һߡ
ĭҧ꣬ʹ㲻ʣҲ׶ˣŤͷɭпȥһۣħ޻ͻȻֻܵȻȥֵùħˡ
ƿһ˿ˣ
ɣǿЩȥɣħ޾Ͳˡ䣬ƿתߣطŲٴȥ
תߣ⴦ɭٴαüž
ʱǧѾص˳С
ǲûмŻصլڣڳĴš
׻ֵĺܣҲкöλòڳۣǧЩӣЩ
κ֣ͷ
ġǧͷڸ½ӣƵЩҩ
ִһȫ꣡
ǳǳһЦ֧š
ȥЩӰɡǧŷε°ڣתͷͽ뵽ơ
ɴɴһۣҲ̧Ÿȥ
ӵĵλúܺãҲװģźģҲܻԭҪµģⲻҪҲΪװ޵ģ۸ȽϹҪһǧء
һǧ򣬵ءǧ۾ȴûǰЩ˲ټ顣
ѾǸˣЩҶ˵С˼
ΣΣҪҪأǧͷһ˲˷˫ī˫


1013 

δϲˡ
Ҳȱң
ǧЦ۾á
ɴɴ󣬺ëˡ
ǧʹʦܲˣ̫˰ɴɴȨûɫȴЩȻ
ǲĽˣϲͷС˵Ľˣ͸ȥ˵ʱҲһˡ
ɴɴ۰Ͱ͵سŷϲֲš
һۿüٶȱ죬ƻƵģɴ˫ŷϲ֣ɬСһɲҪϹ˵
˭Сһ˵Щģ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
֪ʶãڿռ˯
ϲգŴ۾˫γɾÿ쳣˼Ȼ˼Ϊβȥ˵أŶЩżˡ
ɴɴӶҪըˡ
СȻʲô֪Լģ˺˵ģ
ɴɴָ⣬޲ҸضȥûзϲֱɱϹ˵СĽƨɰ
ϲҧָͷţʲô£
ɴɴֻԴЩѣ
ϲԴЦȻƤôñȥ˵ɣ
ɴɴŵöˣ˵ʲô
ϲһ˵ϲ尡
ɴɴɴ˫Ѿˣ˰Ѹסϲֵͣȥ˵𣿡
ǽǳϲˣϲֻһ
ɴɴȴ⺢Сħ򴽣ѵصͷöˣˣҳˣҶôһ˼
ģϲһٴؿڱ֤
ɴɴ˳°ڣʧ
ϲЦᶮ÷ִġ
ɴɴü壬ǾôСЩס
ǧ˽ңһŤͷͽɴɴͷϲֿһ˵ĻԼұ˫ǳͺڴʲôһ
ɴɴ㣬ʲôߵ顣
ǧһۣ֪˵ЩʲôˣЦ߹ȥװ֪˵ЩʲôΪʲôЩŹ֣
ɴɴֵû˵ʲô
ϲҲ͵ǰףû˵ЩʲôͲҪ
ǧﴽǣĲˣɣҲʣˣղѾҽˡ
ϲһֵֵӣǾ׬öˣ׺ð
ɴɴ֧ӣϵĺҲȥ˼֣ӵλúܲҩ𣿡
ǧüһЦɴɴļ򣬵ҩġ
ɴɴһĴָʱƼҵȫ⡣
ɴɴĭΪɭ﷢һУĭ˼֡
ȻתħǵעʵãҪħǵצˣ
ǧҲЦŵͷԣʱƼҵ⣬һ¼ӣһͲġ
ɴɴգգ۾ΪԼˡ
Ҫ¼һƶٵҩ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ɴɴǧϵıЩᣬʲôûʳ
ǧûеľһŷγš
ϲᳶ˳ɴɴ°ڣЦŵ㣬Ҫˣö벻ж
ɴɴһ£ǧҩģһ¯üţȷر󣬿϶˰ɣ
ɴɴǧıӰпһ䡣
ϲ˫ֲڳһԺСģףķǳӴ
ڳֹ˹䣬ǧĳЩӲֻܿ쳤Ҫ۵ӣȫǧˡ
ǧⷬѽң˰ǵע⡣
Щ˭Ȼôӣֻ°
ǣȻ۶ģҲ̫˰ɡ
ңǼӦǴͷİɣôҪôӣʲôⰡ
ǲ²׷ף£ء
ǧŰǵĲ²ٴǶڲ²ʲôˣһ˵ôأ˼
ǳһЦδ˵
ɴɴȴûʲôҪ˵ġ
ڳϹһŻصլС
լڻһ£һ뵽լ;ȫĶǧÿϣü΢䡣
ôӣ泩ɽģ뵽ѧԺǱߵӣԶȸ½İʦ
Ҫȸ½ȥưɣ


1014 еСľ

Ϲ޷еٶȼ죬һ϶ܸϻġ
⣬ǧһʱ˫ӨѩȾһҫ۹һƯǳ
֪ЩʲôֻǿһۣʲôҲû˵
ǧһоڲС
ԹԺ˶˷ֻзκǧվԺУҲ֪˵Щʲô
ϲԶԶһۣѯʵףڸʲôΪβݣ
Һ׼ȥȸ½һˡǧЦݾӺÿ
ȸ½
ϲһ۾
ףܸȥȸ½𣿡ϲЦŴ̨֣һ¾סǧ°ڣҲȥȸ½Ǿʹһȥɡ
ǧ룬ӦˣɣǱ͸һȥȸ½ɡ
ϲһ˵ˣ
ɴɴҪȸ½Ҳû˵ʲôֻǸ˵СһЩ
ҹɫŨأǧϣ뿪˰׻½
ٶȺܿ죬գ֮䣬˱صȸ½ҹȸʳ»ԣ˵ơ
ϲϣϲţףȸ½ϣ˵У
ǧһۣ𴽰꣬ͦģϲ𣿡
ϲС֣Цϲǳϲ
ǧһϲֵͷЦҪȥѧԺһˣ׵ĵʦʦ׺ܲеķȾǵʦ͵ġ
ϲһеĹâ˼֣׵ĵʦǲǳģ
ǧ뵽䴽ǣ׵ĵʦȻģȥ֪ˡ
ϲһڴ
Ժ󣬼˾Ϳ뵽ѧԺС
ѧԺеƻͨвѧͦ̿ġ
ǧܿ˿ǰһսѧԺƾɲһƬ棬֮ѧԺֱ֮úʹǰһˣǰã£ƽһظС
һ£ѧԺøӺÿˡǧƿ촽˵һ䡣
νӹ磬͵ȷǰÿһЩ
ϲϸϸΧ䴽ЦףѧԺǰѧϰĵط𣿿źܲӣԺ󱦱ҲѧԺѧϰ𣿡
ǧ˹ηϲֵСӣȻˣҼұ츳ֺã϶ܽѧԺʱ½ѧԺ϶Ҫˡ
ϲһҲṴ𣬱ж࿪ˡ
ȥ׵ĵʦǧϲ֣ѭżе·ߣߵѧԺСϡ
θ࣬΢紵ʱ˵½Ǵһ¾õĸо
ǰסСľУҲ֪ڣǷƾż䣬ǧ濴һСľݣСľݺҲݹˣŷ£Ҳǰʵ˲١
Сľл͸һ˿˿Ĺ˵˾סģӦǰ
ǧ𴽽ǣȫ˷ܵĹâﵼʦȻסСľͷǣѾΪʦˣôأ
ڷУ˵ЩͦģϤСľУˣܿҵǰˣҲˡ
ǧһļⲻЩɬʦ϶һ𣿡
ƿ꣬ǳɫ¹Ө⣬һ϶һܶö
ǧһֻںһˮ·ЩˣӣһŵãѾˡ
ͺá䴽ǳǳЦݷá
ϲֲеĿ࣬ɱıģŷ֣ףǿЩȥƵʦɡ
ǧ˹ε°ڵΣǿЩȥɡ
εһͬСľݡ
СľеƻͨӰ˸˽ŲľеӰһ٣Сľд
Ҳ˵ϲȥڿε𣿡
ǱٹˣҲ
ʮģΪʦļӣ
ǧܲˣһһСٴνӽСľݡ
ϽӽĽŲԺ󣬲üͷɫҲЩѿΪǵʦͲˣؾǹأƻ˹أҿɵúúýѵһ
䣬ǧоһȻ֮
ǧ۾֮㽫ƿնСʯڵϡ
СʯڵϹ˼Ȧ󣬱ͣˡ
δʹధİһ㶣ƺ«߳Сľݡ
Щ£ȻֵܵҶСʯӣҵҪĸӾȻսҵϣŭһ̧ʱǧĿײһ


1015 

ˣһ㶡
еҲʱϤ⣬ģֻ𾪻мСѾͷڻ𣿡
ЩһֱСľδ뿪Ϊһܸǧط꣬˶˵Ѿˣ˵ȴ޴֮١
ҲʹԼǧǲˣȴǲ޴
˺ܾãȴʼҲҲ𰸣ֻ֪ҪȺǧǸ츳õСѾͷܾôˡ
ţҲԸȥţ
ڵȵǧˣվԼǰŷκһСӣ
ǰǧļЩͺá
ʦһˡǧͷЩɬ
Ҳ䴽ûеЦȥҲһɫôڲŻ㲻֪˶ΪѾˣõʦҲҹҹΪ㵣ģ㵱ǲТ˳
ü˵ͽˣǾͽ̫鷳룬Ǹ鷳
˵Ǹ鷳ͷȴֻˡ
ǧҲ֪Ӳ˴ǣЦɵʦͽܣνһΪʦΪʦⲻǻТ˳𣿡
أǧ֣ģĺܡ
ǧ֪ˣ·Ͼ׼˲ټЩǼƷžζʮ㣬ʮƮء
ʦЩǼƷΣǧЦʡ
˿ǼƷЩϲȴǱֵúܵǿǿɡ
ףĵʦ𣿡ϲֺϸϸŴŴ¹Եø
ע⵽СˣΪСǧͽܣ˭֪Сһڣǽһ䡰ס
С޶ǧĶӣ
ôӵĸǰŤͷο˼ۣͻȻС޶ͷһģ̳ģô⺢ӵĵȻǷ
뵽˴Ӳɲһ£ͽǸγˣһֱΪͷγֻһֽףһڻѡ
ϾʱҪǧأҪͱγֵҲⳡⳡȻʢ󣬿˭֪һĴʦǲᶯġ
£ǲֹף˺ӣҪ˵֮û֣Ҳŵġ
ʦκСͽΪΪ
ƭɣ
ĺӣָָΣЩѵؿѯʡ
ǰзϲ֣ҺͷεĺӡǧЦȫ֪仰жĳ
ֻһѣȻͷεĺΪʦĹģ飬˭ͻȻ֮侹ȻӶˡ
һƣ⺢˰ɣҲ˵ǰ͸һˣ
üε˼ۣǣ˰δ󷽷ţһ仰Ҳû˵
⺢˰ɣԱʱ͡ӣʳ˿ڡ
ǰϲˡǧϲֵԴЦԱʱСһҶˣЩʦк
ǾЩѣˣǰѾʦˣΪôЩأ
ֹ
ϲֲ֪ЩʲôǧҪڹԹɻһʦãзϲ֣
Żӣ䴽ЦúúãǸԺӡ
䣬ӿռͳһö壬ڷϲУҲûʲôöֻͳö壬ȨǼˡ
ϲֽӹ壬Цرģллʦ
úÿֹɶ²ֻϲ˼֣öзãֻҪرĹֵܵҰžͺá
ϲһתҲ൱һöˣ
ǲĶϲִһ䣬ЦøΪˣúãһúñġ
ʶϲֵԴϲСԴЦø⿪
ţֻĶ컯ˣôɰС޶ȻǴʦεĺӣ
ϲְе壬ܿͽ䣬ױƵĳǧЦףϵǲǺƯ
ǵģǳƯǧƿ촽ǳ˵š
ϲһЦøӿˣҲðʦǸõˣǳϲ
СͺŤͷǧһۣʵΪҪŻ㾿ȥĶ
ǧָ⣬һŽ귢һһ˵


1016 ʦ

һ£˵㱻ĳһĵطûκλֻһˣҪ뿪ͱ㹻ǿʵȻͻᱻͷ
ǧͷǵģʱԱĺܣֻʵǿܴǸط
󣬲̾˿ҲΪˡ
һû˵ĵط꣬ǸҲ
ԼٴαǿɼԼᶨ
ûմ㡣˵ţǧļ򣬵ԣ츳Ҽõġ
ǧֻЦ
˵ˣͲ˰ɣ
ǧЦҡҡͷ
ôӵۣʲô㻹Ҫߣ
׻½ǧǳǳڷѸپɢˡ
һҲ뵽һ㣬ð׻½ȷбˣ˵Ǹ󱦱ֱһǰȥ׻½
ǧһֽۣĿͶϡ
ǧͽܣʵ츳ټʵɲĴʦҪȡñﲻǷַӵ
ջĿ⣬˲Ȼˣ߾߰ɣʲôĻҪǿɱ˵ó˰
ǧڰ֣Цô߱
һھˮڰֵŻͦţǵȵõ˱͸ʦƣ
ɡǧЦ𴽰꣬ǵõ˱϶ʦƵģʦľͺˡ
ƺ«£ֵʦʱҲȥҾⱦûˡ
ǧʶοһۣû뵽ȻԷôģôһ˵Ҳⱦûˡ
ϾҷǴ˵еĴʦ׵ħʦʱ϶ַӽ
һ룬ǧ˲̵ģҲⱦûˡ
Цǧͷڵ˫ȾЦ⣬ӳ»ʱԵøÿ
ЦúÿܾǱϹ۾
ƽﲻЦɵĴʦǺǰһ㲻˵
ǧΧƣֵʦ⴦Сľݺݹˣűǰ˲١
ϣ͵̾ϢħϮڰṥ룬⴦ѧԺͱ˷棬ҲǽѧԺűݺõģݵĹУСľҲһסСľݣҲͲˡ
ǧʶ˼ۣѵΪŻһֱסСľ
㿴ʲôûëȻġ
ǧջĿ⣬һûʲô
ã¶ֶ̬˦˦ֵǿЩȥɣҶЩˣҪϢˡ
ǧƿǣǵʦȥϢɣҵ˱㡣
ɡӦһͻȻתͷͰͶŷΣʦһɵúúñˣҲٷһΡ
ͷһ
꣬úܼѣѾˡ
ּѣԲʦģҾԲô·η䣬ϵĺӳ»Եøҫ
ŷΣǲᳶ
ﾹȻЩ
죬ʦξȻſڽʦǺεºܰ̿ˮļɱȴܵٴߣʦ緶˵ϣסĻ
εǡ
ǧֿǸʶΪֱӵĸоĺúá
˰ɡǧŤͷΪNɪüʦúչңҳ£һָͷ군ˣ
ɴ˫Сͽ˽ºʹʦξȻôദľͲ±ζȥ
ǿǴʦ
ȥǲܵģⱲӶܣ
ֻЦŵͷˮÿ쳣ǧͷҾԣһ˿һ
ߣɱ
۾ںһɱ⡣
ˣһʦκϲСͽϲĿĸо
˫ܾڲ֪бһڰֵ֣ˣǿȥɣҲˣҪЪˡ
ɣǾȻȥˡ䣬ǧһһСתߣ˵ıӰ˲䱻ӳڷҡҡҷҷģܰ
ǰĻ棬ٴαһ
ƺһֱӻصȥˡ
ǧиӦһۣЦ
Цʲôβɫ˫Ө⣬ԵøΪÿ˼֡


1017 µģ

ǧƿֻ꣬ûɣصȸ½ʦԺҾĴʯͷҲð˲١
ǳЦһЦۺУȥʲô
ʱ磬ǿȥѧԺǱ߿ǧȥѧԺǱߵӣϾѾûȥǱˡ
εͷӦ
ϲһԼڱĵطҲпӣһʱ侹⼤ۣ׺ȻڱĵطҲӡ
ǧЦŵǰϾʱͿһӣһʼ⻹ͦõģɲ֪ȥˡ
϶Ҳɡϲҧָͷ
ǧЦЦ㲻˵
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ϣٳѧԺķȥ
ᴵ˿⣬ǧʶ¿ȥһƬ棬ǷɭɭľͬĴڣֻҪ뵽Уͻһ
Ƿַȥķַ
ΣշǳǼҲͳˡ
Ŀ̫רעϲŴǣҲ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ֻһۣϲֱ㿴ɭɭķ棬ֻϣƬԵñȽСҲôˡ
ϲָķ棬汦ʵףǸʲôطôЩɭɭģ
ǧĽ͵Ƿַ˵ǰҲǷޱȵĳǣϧһҹ֮ħӿ룬Ҳͻķˣַл̾ŲħޣΣյĺܡ
ϲһգգ۾ȥЩµģǰȥַ𣿡
ǧϲ֣ЦΪ˳·ȥѧԺǾԴ˷ַ˺ôһųˡ
ϲֻʣ˳ݣĺ
ǧͷֻЦ
һ࣬˵ĻЦ˴ǡ
¾ϲָо
ûã㵽ѧԺڵĳǳأʱ䣬ǳغ˼֣ҲΪһЩ
ǵǰǳҲħ޹ȴƲκαħ޹ĺۼͷ·ǰĶսǳһ
ǧǰĳǳأʵܾкö̾
Ժǧƾż䣬ҵǰĵҩӣҩӵĶ棬һĵҩӣƼϵڿţ⻹ɣϵҲȥҩ
ӵûôҲһЩͷµĹ˿ȫƼϵȥӾӪ껹ûҲǸ漣ɡ
ǧͷվãȴûһҪȥ˼
ϲֺͷվһ࣬ȴûҪߴ١
ʵ̫ۣĵע⣬Ϊ˭ҳӣһ˳ȥǼͷʲôµİɣ
䣬Ĳһ̾ӵĶҲ֪ȥĶһѶûУҲ̽Ϣȴ˵ԼҶѾˣԱģÿɲˡ
ʱţƼϵһֱڴӵ⣬˵ҶѾˣҲûõģһҪƼϵˡ
ĵȻǲģҲ˵ӲģߣƼϵ̬ȵǲãѾᷳˣԹԽǣ
Щ꣬ҩ⵱ǲҲڣû˵ҩԴŪԴЩҩô£
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һԹɽ亣ζģͻȻС˿϶ǲϰߵġ
ԣӵս˥䣬мͷͣ꣬ƼϵٴδѹҲʵڳŲסˡ
ĳʵףȥᶪˡ
ģӵܲãǧϵĳݣʡ
ϤԺ󣬲ԭء
ǶҰ
Ľ˽ָ⣬Ҳһϲضǧң𣿡
һ˵ǼҪˣ
ǧһһСӺڰ֮߳ңһˡ
һǧ˾͸Ϊ˼֣ƿ꣬ʺ˺ü˵ҲĬ
ǧҲû˵ŷǾͽ뵽УĽ
ǧ￴һȦšһҩƿӿ˿ĵҩһǧüͷ
ЩҩƷģҩζûУȼƷʶǼģŪֵҩȷʵ̫ࡣ
ǧ¶Ĳ͵ǧңҩԴĲŪ㲻ڵЩ꣬ҷѾ˼Ū˵ҩԴ˵ƷʲðɣֻҪԹһЩܻģƼҵǹѹǣҲͽˡ


1018 Ұ

ƼҿƵҩ۸Ҳġ
ȴǲУЩҩǴģļ۸ֻ¿ﶼʶˡ
ԣƼҴѹʱЩᡣ
ǧҩϣǳЦҾܲˣ㾹ǶӲ벻һˣҲˡ
䣬ǧƵĵҩȡһ˲䣬ϳϰٸҩƿӣҩƿװȫǵҩ
ҩƷĶ࣬ҵȼƷʶǼõģƼϵƵĻҪüĵҩֱǷ֮
ĿǰĵҩָⲻһҲ֪ǲԼĴܾЩҩǰĻҪˡ
ôȡõҩԴģ
ҽô죬ô࣬ҩļ۸񲻻ԼƵİɣ
뷨һĻһǧĿҲ
ǧ֪Щʲôƿ꣬˵ţЩҩǼõģĵҩһ۳ӵ϶ԽԽá
һĶѪֹԽԽãʱ϶ѹƼһͷǵҲԽԽ
ǧǳһЦ
ҲЦʱŷǧ߾Ȼһ˺С
С˳һģһһڰ
ֻĬĬţûʳ
ʱͷִһ춯ģҳ
ϤŮżͰ
Ժɫˣ֮Ҳż˿ɫ
ǧԺҲϤǳϸһ룬Ǻ
ƼҼ㣬ʲôǧŤͷĿ䵽ϡ
֮ȫǲƼҵʲôѹǣӶȥѣЩѾ˲֪ٻˣҲĲ
ǧһҲһɫҴӵ⣬ȥͷƣ㾿ҪˣʲôϷ
εĿʱڵɫÿҪ
ǧüһһС˳ȥ
Ľ˳ĵҲ˼֣Ҳȫη֮ɫ
ȥԺ󣬱㿴һվͷޱģаǸӾɼܵġ
һ˴۾̱üӿǴͷã㵽ڲų
ЦЦδ˵
۾ɫҲŲôýĺ˲٣Īҵʲôɽˣ
һת߻վˣһһŮһӣ
죬òŮӣǧ
Ȼɴ۾ǧţڻ͸żֲš
ѾˣǸǧǰѾˣÿɲˣ˵ԱʱǸи˰ͿǧˬˣѶԺ˵ػְϡ
Ҫӵģ˭룬һ˾ȻͻȻˣһӣһӡ
ҲЩ죬ÿΪ˵ģȸ½ĴʦǸǵĺӰɣǳú
ʧȻã
۾ͷЩˣҿȥƼҵڻûҲ֪ˣ˵ûǲ֪ʲôʱܳס
ǧã˼ּʵ˼
ԭϵƼǧͬ㣬һЦЦġ
ǧˡϵ⼸ۣģǧĿҲӲˬ˼֡
ϵΣɱǧ߹ˡ
ҽղǸ׽ġü˼֣Ҫģӣǵûˣң˵Σ
㣿ǧ´ۣеЦɵģżֳζ
ȴûһɰʮ㣬ǣҪӣ㽫ԺҲƣˡ
ǧϲûʲô飬ɹѵĺܣƼһˣΪҿǰ
һȴҲû˵Щʲô
ǧһУͻȻһתҶлƼĺ⣬ˣȻа취ӵͲƼˡ
㱾ΪǧὫԼ˵ҡҡ˫϶Ⱦŭɫݺݵǧۣƺڰ֪ô
ǧģȫûС
ߣŤǧ㵱治ң
ǧӶ䣬һǰû㣬Ǿ͸ˡ


1019 Ҽҿ治ᵱѾߵģ

ҧ˫ؿ֪Լǧ̣һŮˣˡ
ǧ˷䣬Цסεĸ첲⣬Ƽûʲô¶Ϳ߰ɣҼҷῴˣˬˣĽ㶪ȥ
˵εĴţһʱ侹Щպյģûã׳˵ӣŮˣ˰ˣʵԸʲô硣
ǧ۾ȴͻȻЦЦЩ䡣
εЦݸ䣬һη塣
̿ˮӾԾȴԾӲͷƤǧ֪Ҽҿ棿
ƴС㣬ôˣǧЦʣƺЩ⡣
˵ԼҵŮüëһ֮ҲԺƼңĵüʶڵҲˮǴߣŮҪÿ
ΪӣҲƹˤˡ
˵εأȴԾʲΪ˳һֻӲͷƤ
ʣƴСʲô£˵üʶǧŪ½ǣڵڻһ֮⡣
ϲĻԺ󣬲洽Ц
ǸƿĴڵѾ߰ɡǸһȵĲ£ߣʼΪԼŮʲôߴϵĲ¡
һϲָǴЦԭѾǸһȵĲ°
ǰЩڰ׻½ƴС㡣ǧĦŷεģζƼҵμһ𡣡
һתμ
ǸЩһֱƵҩ½鲢ûڻΪƼҼء
̧°ͣɰʮ㣬ƼҼǼҿΪʶٹãҪ̧߼֣ǲҵĻʱҾǵĵҩȥ
üֱۣӷų˺ݻ
ǧϿ˼ֻۣЩȤܻľһֻŭĸţɶǧ˵ȴûκεΣԡ
ۣһɷƵӣȫûС
ЩԹһ뵽ԼŮΪԼͷҲνˣһǧĿơ
ǧָ⣬ûʲô飬һЦЩӣƼ㵱Ŵ£һֻҩ½ô飬㾹Ȼ֪
üһ²Ҫʲô
㵽˵ʲôڳӣһ
ǧϲŭ
޲óֽŮ˵˺á
˰Σǧƿ꣬󷢴ȱ˵Ѿ̨ˣڵƼҵճŮĭ
Ӳһ̨ˣôᡱ
ǧüһڰᣬͱˣԴڳϴ磬¶ֻҪ˶֪Ҳ֪ɣ
Ťͷġ
Ĳͷ֪¶ˣȫ½˶֪ˡ
ǧ˫ֻأµؿ㡣
һΣȫ֪ǽ˵ֻ»ҪٹЩӲ֪
ͻɣҼҿȻõμʶġ㻺͹ٴ˵
ǧЦζ˺ڰãƿæ˭֪ûմȾڰ顣
⻰ʲô˼ɴ˫ϴŭɫ
ǧƿ꣬ɫң˵ƿǰٻģĭĭ˼Ȼ׷Ź
ͷһ£ͻȻһ󲻺õԤӿͷ㵽˵ʲô
ǧͷ˵˵ĭʴȣˡƿ棬ֻߵѾߡ
ֻһѣ
Ѿߣ
ߵѾߣ
ܣ
ҿ츳ãϴ赤ҩҩӵϴ赤ҩ䷽ôΪûõѾߣ
ţҲšҡͷһǾгҼҿǲᵱѾߵģƭң
ǧվԭأĿΪҪƭ㣬ʲôô𣿡
ɫɷס
ǰ
ΪʲôҪƭƭȫûκκôѲɣҿĳƼҵѾߣ
ģ˶Щҡҡ׹
ףѾߵݵλܸ𣿡ʱϲԴЩʣϸϸŴŴģŸ
Ѿۣȴǻһ
ŷϲ֣ƣ˵ʲôѾߣڸԼѿ
ҧгݣ޲ýСͷ˺ˡ
ǧһۣ˵Ѿߵݵλܵ͵ģֵϲλһЩǲϲӿɾѹˡ


1020 ͵Ϯ

ϲ󣬲һǻҵģǸƿģԼĹϵǺܺãֻ»úܿɣ
䣬ϲЩֻģЩӴ
ǧ°ͣɣƿμĹϵȷܲãǺãôƿصϵļ
ϲ˫һ͵ǰƼĭƿصԼҲ֪Ϊʲôǿˬɡ
пܡǧ°͡
һһСһһ͵ģŪҲǱ˵˵ҼҿŲѾߡ
㻹Щţ÷뿪
뿪ǧͻȻֿˣƼǲŵĻȥ׻½ƣĭڰ׻½
󣬽Ų˼֣ŹûþȻûӰ
ǧ۽ǣڵЦ˼֣ǰٻģ˵ƿԺ󣬾ǻߵģҪȥ׻½ɣ
ȥȥ£¶ϲ˵š
ǧЦԴҲǣͲ¶
ϲٴιЦ׸ղź簡λֳ˵ܻˣ
ֳϵţ
ǧЦǱ֪˵˿϶ᱻˡ
ĿǧսԺ󣬼ֱͶأǧ㵱һͲҶ˵ˣǰɇNɪˡ
ǧüϲ۸ʵˣպҲˡ
ǧæͷҲо˶¸˼֣ʲôˣǧģһὫӵտãҲٺˡ
ǧ¶ο򣬵Ҫȥ׻½һˣӾͽˡ
һͷ
һзԸ֮ǧʹһһСת뿪뿪ãҲӦûص׻½ȥˣϾδıɲһʱⱻ˶ȥ
˳ϣѸ뿪ѧԺߡ
ϲһʼģɽľȻǺ˾ֱ˯˹ȥһ˯ø
ǧϲֱڻУǸܵϲСԴ˲䣬˯øˡ
⺢ӣǿɰǧһЦŷϲֱ紵ҵС鷢
ϲ־һ
ǧģоĶҪˣΣСʱǲҲİ
ŤͷΣ»˫Ө貣Ⱦһ㵭ɻ
˫Уһʱֻ˫γãҲͷһ£ϾСʱ£Ҽǲ̫ˡ
ǧ˵ϲֵ˵ЦûҼұɰɣ鱾Ͳ࣬Сʱ϶ҲһģһƾǸûͯġ
Ŵ꣬һʱ侹޷
ǧһۣ˵ñһȻհڳһС飬պôϱ
գգ۾Լ
ǼұǸɰĺӡǧһ䣬Цø⿪
šüͷܾͷЩˣֲϱ㲻ϲ
ǸܵεĲǰŶüһֵûǸ˼ɱ˼밡
δǰƣ㷽ŵĻʲô˼
ǧգգ۾ҲƮûʲô˼
ۣû˵
ǧƷεļǳЦҸղŲǿЦĶѣɱİÿ϶ֵϱ㿴ҲǱò۷𣿡
εɫԻ͡
ǧһתٴ˵źûҾϲģɧŲŹ
һóҰޣҲгɾ͸еģ
𣿡οһһϵС˫˼֡
ǧв֪ȻȻʶʱΪҪ㣿ҾϲǸɧִģ
θ£һסੲݵС
Ȼ֪ɧʲô˼ܾòʲôû
ܵϵȶȣǧ΢΢˲ܿҲӦ˹ֱ˱εһֹ
΢΢룬˺һŽǧſ
ǧĿЦǣһԲϾ͵Ϯ
׵Ĵ꣬鼫ã䴽ǣȴû˵
˵ǧƷεĸ첲⣬ȴҲֳĶ½ϲֳˡ
ͻȻסǧļһھôһ𣬺ܿͻص˰׻½
ص׻½ʱѾҹˡ
һȥȸ½ȥѧԺģǧһȦ۵ģټɫѾôˣҲЩˡ


1021 

ϲֱϺǧͻԼЪϢȥˡ
ա
˹
ɴɴǧôͻˣɿʵôôͻˣȸ½𣿡
ǧųһЩӵģһ뵽ＴǾЩסˣһʱȸ½Ҫܶࣿ
ɴɴͷ˵òҲ֪ʱŻ̫ðˡ
ǰǧһֻҪҵ˱պȸ½գǾʹգڵĻұȽҪ
ɴɴæͷ
ױϣ˾׼ȥ緹
ǳ緹ʱ򣬺һɫâϹ֮лдһŨһ֪ǲͨϹ⡣
ǧͷһ£æǽеĿӷ¡
ϹѲɣڸǱѾˣ
ǧȻ⿴ȥֻɫĹâ죬УɫâΪѤģɫâȻһ㣬䣬䵽һ֪ĵطʧɿлһǹģûиղô
ǧɫâʧĵطһ˫ҲΣ˵ոǵɫâǲڸǱѾˣ
ɴɴͷϲһ
η䣬򶨷ǳȷǱѾˣղǹɲѰ֮
ǧҲղɫâĵطӦþɭֵıߣĸõһ
Ҳ˵ģ
õ֪ϲֺɴɴٴμǳ
κģǷΣȫһɽļƣ
ǧڲϵļھȥɭֱ𣿡
ȥɡڷ죬вѾõɭֱ߿϶ˣǲˡ
ǧͷͬ
ϲϲǰ棬ھͳȥұǰɭп϶ˣǶҪСһЩ
Ը֮˱㳯ɭֱ߽
ԭ׷ǳɭִ˿ȴ˲٣ʱ˿̣кЩ˶뵽ɭУгȺӵӶгеӵܣдͷɢߡ
ǶԲͬطˣǵĿȴͬģ

ǶҪǼı
ǣ϶ϡ٣ô˿϶ֵģڿʼǾǵˣΪ˵õǾҪƴһ
ڳ˶۾֮дžɱ
ǧΧ˫ʱϵĽ䱸δж¹Щ˶ǵˣһЩһڱͱô죿
һģ£ڡ
ǧ𴽰꣬һ˫峺ÿϪˮҲ°Ҿ̲סҪ䱸Ҳһֱܰɡ
û˵ȴץС֡
ǧţûκεķִϲ֣һ뵽ɭɱܣҪ֪𣿡
ϲСظһ֤׷ģһԹԸǵġ
СôɣǧĶˣϲֵԴЦǸԺӡ
ϲСٴȻһˡ
ʱвѾ뵽ɭ̽ǶʮʮŵģԱ֮Ҳ̫ãиԵС˼һҲֻΪ˷һЩѣ淽棬ǹƶҪˡ
ǧ˼ۣ㽫Ŀ˻ʱ򣬾ͼϴ峺׵СӣʱСӲԣһ澵ӡ
СӾɭΧһ۾ܿһ
ǧСӣʱ澲ţɾףûκβ֮
ǧ˼ۣŽĿ˻ɭֵΧûʲô֮ȥɭɡ
ɴɴ˵á
ɷȴǰСӣģרעڵ˫һʲôƲС
ǧ˷ε°ڣʵΣôˣǲʲô֮𣿡
æջĿ⣬ҡҡͷûʲôȥɭɡ
ǧͷҲû˵Щʲô
ղŵϹȷ߽ģһϯɭãȴȫûҳκĵطͷ·ǵϹͨĹâѡ
ʱŶӵ˶Щ
ô£ΪʲôҲټ
˵ɭֱߣһȦȴʲôҲûҵ
ңղϹ߽˰
ੲݣǧüͷš


1022 

£ǧȷ˻϶֪ˡ
Ҳѹ֣Щĭջһ¾ܵõʵ
Ҫ⿪⣬͵ÿˡ
ɴɴ۵ɱ˱ⴽǣǾȻ֪һΪֻǼ֪ء
ǧָ⣬ЦЩѾȫˣһ˿϶ࡣ
ɴɴ˲һָܾоᡱ
ǧοһ䣬ҲȫûⰡǶûЩ⿪˵͹вʲô
Ҳǰɴɴգգ۾ɵ૳
ЩԺģȵˣܾøɴɴһһرĸоӡ
Ȼ϶ŷһжģǸϲһ˶ǺŶӣܾЩ˼顣
ȴϲָоġǼȥǰ濴ǧٴγҲκǰĵطƻİɡ
˲ɭţɭ֮ΣգȴȫûܵħǵĹͷ·ЩħҲʧһ
Խǧò
ֵİܻøΣգ
ʱһĵط˹ǧüͷ˫ҲһݣǰȻоѲɣǳʲôˣ
ȥɴɴ̽ͷ̽ԵģҲЩ档
ȥǧûΣգҪŪô£ϾǶɭУŪ״˵ҲбҪġ
߰ɡǣǧ֡
˲ҵ飬ٳԴȥ
ɭֵĸüŶӶΧһֹҲ֪˵Щʲôǧ۹۲죬ȴǷɻãȻһĿ־塣
ڿ־ʲô
ɭʲôµĶ
ǧЩ棬ʶǰһɽŵһҶʱ̷졣
ЩԺתͷǧһϯˡ
ܵǵĿ⣬ǧû䣬ƿ꣬һ䣬ҸղһǷʲô𣿡
վǧ࣬ǰŶӣϵϣƺڸǧӡ
Ŷӵԭǲ˵ģɼɢϢһ֪Ǻǵġ
˫һ˵ղڳһ澵ӡ
ӣ
ǧüͷ˼֡
ʲôľӣǧٴһ䣬澵ʲô֮
ŶƺѸղŵ˵ղŵʵ̫죬Ǵ˿̸ͲԸ
ǧ۾ִɰʵ׵ļƣô澵ݣ
ǧĲƣŶ˫ɫҲЩѿҪǧȥˣһӴɢƣǻһЩߣôҲ˵ȥˡ
˫ȰڳľӺͱľӲͬ澵ӹĺܣһرײС
ǧëһ
ײУ
ײУǧšü˵һЩɡ
ҲЩ棬֪һ澵Ӿɵġ
Ŷæÿһһ˲澵ӾӳǧС
һ漫йصͭӱϵŻƣЩƯǳϸܷ澵ӺЩͬȣǶһЩζŲ֮ͨ
澵ӡŶָǰľӣеĿ־ɫδȥ澵ӣܳˡ
ǧⲻζ˼֡
ӣȻ
ǵһ˵
ǧŤͷʶ澵һۣ澵ҲֻǹһЩҪ˵ˣЩˡ
ҧʶοһۣѯ
ɷȴǰͭɫ࣬ʲôҲû˵
ǧ֪˼ŽĿջûȥֳͭȥͻȻ֣ͭһǾȻȾż˿Ѫա
ЩѪҲֵĺܣȻʵģһǳǳ˿ǧˣ˫ɵɴ˼֣˵ͭ϶ЩˣѪմȾ϶Ѿɺԣɰɫûʺ졣
˵ЩѪǸղȾȥģ
ѵ澵Ļˣ
ǧһǰľҲ˼
ŶԥƬ̣ٴγˣղǽڳԺ󣬻Ϊһ˭澵ӾȻſѪڣǶһЩȫȥǵʱܻţҪ˸ȳ澵ĺܣǸ޷˸ȳ


1023 ȥ澵Ӹ

ǧһüͷ𣬡Ȼأ澵ӳԺ󣬾ƽˣ
Ŷ̿ˮƬ̲ſڵһգ۾ͽ˸̽ȥˣն飬澵ӼӲնϡ
ǧһ°ͣһʱȴû˵
Ŷƿ꣬ٴ˵澵ӦѪ֮ȥԺƽˣԭǻΪȫҪˡ
Ŷ˳һ¶һٺı顣
ǧǰͭȴûһͭŭſѪأ
ͭǻ֪ʲô𣿡ǧʡ
Ŷҡҡͷֻ֪澵ֲͦģղžǽ˽ȥȴһŲ֪
ǧ̾һһʱ侹֪˵Щʲô
۾Ҳû˵һ仰
ɴɴվһ࣬Ҳû˵ľʲôģʵЩˣ
ףĻ𣿡ϲգգ۾¶һݵı飬δ˵ľء
ǧǳһЦ˵ľӿɲҪСһЩ֪𣿡
ϲͷ֪
ʱһŮ˹ʲôѲҵʲô
ЩϤǧŤͷʱ򣬾ͷĭһ˹ĶӶϴεҪһЩȻĭб
ƿ棬ȥʲôĭƿһš
ƿһȴҲ棬ֻ̧Źȥƣ˼ۺƿ֪˵Щʲôˡ
˵һ澵ӡƿ̽Ժ󣬱ĭ˵š
ĭԺ˫
ӣ
ѵǼ
ϵ˼ǣ͸йذɣͻȻһ澵ӣѲɣǼı
ĭ̿ˮǿȥ澵ӣҵ˱ҶȻǵġ
ǵ˵ǧһӾͽǵĻ˸
ǸĭȻΪ澵ӾǱִҪ뽫˵ľռΪаɣ
ûãĭʹһϯ˹ЩӶǳϻɱѪŲǺǵġ
ǧֻǿһۣͽĿ˻
ĭûзǧĿһӾͭϣͭһֹϢĭһֱۣӱˡ
Ưͭһ۾ƲĿ⣬˵ǱĻĭҲŵģ
ǿȥͭùĭָŵϵͭӶ˵һ䡣
Ӷߣӣ׼ȥͭ
Ŷ֪ǵĴ㣬æǰǲͭ
ͭǳ˵ĶһŭͭĻʱᷢʲôȫ
ΪʲôãĭȺ߳ǲͭΣ
ĲͭŶ˺˵һ䣬ͭЩ죬ǲĻͭԶһЩ
ĭ˫Ťȫͭ
Щ˿϶Ѿ֪ͭǱˣǲԼã뽫ͭΪУ
ĭؿŤͷǧĿײһ
ĭɴ˫ͷҲŲ˲
ŮôҲ
ѲɣͨЩˣǲŲԼͭģ
֪ǧŮԲʲô¶ԼĿǣĺܣ
ĭպޣǺݺݵǧۣһ뵽ǧײУҲҽеĺֵ̫ԣڵĲˬȴĺܡ
ҧҧЩ˵ǧԭҲôǷ澵ǱԲŲҵõġ
Ѿ϶ЩǧˣҲøӲ
֪ĭ˼ǧЦһҲֻǸ·ѣҽ˼ۣ˭룬澵ӾȻǸ˵
ĭüһȫûǧĻ
˵
Բܣֱ澵ӾҪҵı
ҲֻбǶڴ˴һûö˵ۣ
ĭһʲôһ˫Өǧƭˣʲô˵϶ҪѰҵı
ִ⣬ǧ䴽ЦƼôĻҲû취
ĭüиΪ˼֣ǧǱˣ뱦ûԵ֣òⱦ
ǧ󣬸ЦĭѾԲ뱦ԵƬΰɡ
ɴɴҲ㱻ˣĭ²ɵӰɣ
ǶѾ˵Ǻ˵ˣȻţһֱִֵΪǱҲû˭ˡ


1024 Ҽӱ

ŶҲ¶֮ɫ²뱦˰ĭǲ⣬ֳߵӶ˵ǼЩӸùǱʱ򱾼ǶһЩҡ
ӶģÿնڵѪΪľǶ׬һЩңĭ˵Ȼġ
Ҳǰõġ
ӶæǰҪӡ
ʱŶ۾ٴ
˭֪ӱ𽫻ᷢʲôвǵͲˡƼҲˣ澵ӵǺ˵ʱҲ֪ᷢʲôͷɡ
ǰⱾͲʲôʲôõģ
Ƽ㲻Ҫˡ
˵ţŶ˾ͽЩӶ¡
Ӷһʱ侹м˿ɱܶ
ܵɱǧ۾кȻ
ͬ۾Ϻ裬һɲǣȻƸк
ܵƮӶǲһӣеɱҲɢ˼֣ĭˣŭŨǱȥǣֱӰҰѾʱҼӱ
䣬ĭŲԶľӣи˼̰
̰ڿк˭ûԭڵϵľӣӲķȺСС
һ˷ܵĺӣ̰ܵͷ·ζʳ
˲δ֣ǽĭǽ䱸
ĭȾŭɫӸòǵҪң
ŶûһҪÿ˼üͷ澵аΪİȫƼϽ뿪
ĭҧҲִ澵ӵʲôΣҶһҪõ
䣬ĭٴλӻ֣ЩӶˣͳҲ˲ðν
ƼҪŶۣ֮ҲƽһĨɱ⡣
ǧǰɫҲøΪһŹ־ӣǾҪˡ
üһ̶һߣǲƺĲܸЩͷġ
ǧ䴽ЦҲд⣬ЩͷҲ֪⵽Ǳа
ɴɴҲǸͬ
ϲֵֵָƴĺܣöЩͷ
ûãŶ˾ͺӶǴ
ĭվһ࣬һеţģЩӶռϷ磬ĭдϲе̰Ũ
Ŷ˾ֵסӶǵĹƣ󺧡
ŤͷǧȫûҪֵ˼õԲ˫
λΪβ֣һӱȥʱӷŭǶ꣡
ǰڲסǣʱɾͶˡ
Ŷੲ˵ţϸЩһЩսĺۼʹǳ
ǧһеվţָ⣬΢ҾðɣֻҪ뾵ԶһЩǲģǲƺĲǾҲûãǳЩͷǾأ
һŶ˵˫
ѽ
ղžӷʱԶģӹһ٣뾵˶˽ȥ
Ҳ˵ƾĭֻҪԶһЩͻûµģ
뷨Ӷæ˿һŵĮȴֻ
ǵĭù
Ŷ˿ĭգգ۾һʱЩͷˣɹһҲûپʲôЩ˹֪ʵã˿İɡ
ĭüЦţʶ࣬Ȼҵ˻ὫǴ仨ˮ
Ŷ˲δ˵øΪӵĭǿ˼ۺ̵˼ڳһļơ
ĭΣͷЩССĲɺܿͱϲṵ́ɢˡ
ڣ澵ĭ˴ƣЩȲ
Ӷٶ̫ȹ˹ȥ
վһƿˣ̿ˮҲȹڸȥлܽⱦ͵Ǹöð
ʱе̰һ𣬸γһ޴ޱȵ壬Ǹȴεģ˸Ʋ
̰Խ࣬ǸԽԽʱЩһ̰ǾԵζҲֵסջ󣬲øӾ
޴డղžЩ̰֮ԲܵõжĻᣬԲܽЩ̰˲븹
£̰֮ˣжˡ
ټϣղҲûгԱǧüһظܵʲôŤͷȥһʱ侹Ƿ־Ӻһ¡
һ֮󣬱ûκζͷ·Ǵһ
ôˣƳβһ䡣


1025 ˵ľ

ǧͭҸղź񿴵Ӷһ£Ǵɡ
Ҳǰ̰֮ͭͭҲΪ׳˼֡
ջĿ⣬ɫûп澵ӵȷᶯ˿˵̰ʱƾͻᶯˡ
ǧüͷ
̰
ղЩ˿ͭԺ󣬿϶ҲΪʲôҲ¶̰֮⡣
̰֮ͭ⣬ŻſѪڽ̽ȥʱб¶־壬ṵֻܱ֮̂ȱΪͨͭһ
ĭ¶̰ͭĺö
ԭˡǧȻصͷͭԭҪ̰֮ܵŻж
ǧһԾûҪֹ˼
ĭԼѡ񣬲ЩͷԶҲĵġ
ǧվһྲţеĮ
ʱĭӶǣͭǰſˮѱϲʢ
ͭĭҪͭ𣬿һ뵽ǧ˵ͭʲô۾һԵӶ㣬ҽͭ
ӶȫһССͭʲôаȥá
ʱӶøˡ
ӶˣͷһţôͻȻˣ
뽫ջͻȻģϾȻһ˫ͭĻɫ۾˫۾а̰֮
ֻ˫۾ڲתҲ֪˶òͣ
֮ͣӶܵ˫۾ֱֱԼа۾ڳ˲⡣
Ӷɴ˫ŵҪС
۾ﾹȻ۾Ӷŵ亹ðִҪܡ
ʱ˫۾ٴһת֪Ҫܣдżֲͼֱ˵ơ
ĨƳŵӶ˫ȴһˡ
ôûͭùվĭδκüͷһĨŭɫӿͷ
ӶŴǣʲôȴԼͿ˿ڡ
ˣҪ
㣬ô˵ĭšüͷеŭɫŨ
ǰȥʱ澵ϵ۾ٴתת˲֮䣬һѪͻȻ֣ʱضὫɴ
Ӷˣŵû֮䣬ɶʪˡ
죬ΪξϻһѪڣ
ŵϴļҲܿӶſˮͷƤҲ𽥷ҪܣͶã˶һ
ѵҪŪ
ι㵽ڸʲôΪβ˵ĭŭʵû뵽һССӶȻûװĬ
ĭҧгݣ̧žҪӶȥ
ʱֻһڶӹţһʪڶ߷δĭӦʱʪоȻʧˣɽŶľȻһҵľ
Ҫҡ
Ƽ
ҪңҪ
ûһǵʧˣ漴һ׽ڶ
ĭգգ۾˶±Ƶģղô£Ϊλ֣
üŤͷȥҪŪȴͻȻһͫҲһ˾񱻲סһ֪ûˡ
죡
ʲô
澹Ȼһ˫ͭ۾һѪڣŴھ׽ƬЩƬȻǸղλӶ
ղӶʵ㲻ѪھȻһ㷴ûУֱӳвͣ
ǲǲ~~~~~~
׽ڼϮ˵ĶĤĭ˶վԭһӵɵϴ
ڳ죬ôˣ
ĭͻȻ뵽ղЩ˵Ļ˵澵Ǻ˵ʱţɲš
澵ӣаﰡĭݴŲͻȻ˫һֱ̱ڵء
ǣ~~~~~~
׽һֱӣһ̧ͷ㿴ӶѾҧʳҲƲˣֻǹߵʾӶĴڹ
ĭֻһѣȻ֮䣬˫ͭ۾ԼЦš
һֲЦ·һҲѪ֮һ
ĭŵôҴҰֽ黹ίͰ͵ġ
ÿ˭ȾĭΣͼѰһܹˣȴͻȻ֣Щ˶ԼԶ»ᱻһ
ǸƿģԶԶǿϸܿϸһЩֻƿӰӶҲˡ
Ů˲ƽͽԼͽ
ôԶԶȻһֵ˼ûУ


1026 ƿ

ĭҧҧи֣
ǿЩȾҰĭͣǳɳ쳣ϸȫ˵Щʲô
޶ԣĭٴδһ
˿̣˫ͭ۾ֱĭ
ĭιȥ
˼ͱˡ
ǽǰĻ棬һʱ֪øЩʲô
죬澵ӵаȻֳˣʵ̫ˡ
ǸŮ˵ĴǸŮִ⣬澵Ҳٳ˵ġ
ԶȻҲꡱ
Ŷ˲˵ţЩҲƮĭûɰѪڻڣͲҶ
ǧ۾Ҳһο˵ľӻײޱȣֱſھܽһҲʳȥ
˾Ȼһ㷴ûУ
ҲײСǧ˵ţûУΧ̰֮ûˣ澵ӵжҲٻ
εȷٻ˲١
˵ţȴûһҪֵ˼˿̰֮ҪûˣĭҲܵвֻܵŶѡ
ֻǿϧ˸ղӶǱֹģֻϧӵٶʵ̫죬ת˲֮ѾһУȫûκηӦĻᡣ
ǧǰͭɫ
ĭ̱ڵأŵҴѪںÿ¿Ϊʲôһ˶ûǶڿϷ
ĭ䣬
ǲǲ~~~~~~~
Ѫٴξ׽ĶˣȻϵⶼŹȫʳɾѪ΢΢Ŵ󣬾شһá
~~~~
죬˲䴫˶
ĭ΢ţеĿ־˼֣ɴѪٶĭȫѪҺٶᣬŷɳ۶ѪڣֱӴ
ҪԵ
ղλӶһеͷû£

Ҫ
ôƯᣬҲŸոյƼҼô
ĭģҲʱޱȣʱǵȰ룬ǲǾͲΣˣ
ƿһԣ͵͵ĭ
ʵ벻һƯͭȻˣҳ˶¹ͷģܵÿ죬ȻͻӶһ֮ء
ƿĭֻȫǿ־֮ɫģŤҲΪѿƿ濴Ļ棬в֪Ϊһ⡣
ĭڴ˴ɥĻôƼҼûˣȻϵˣ츳ʱϼ᲻أ
ƿСžţҲϣĭȥ
ۿѪĭԽԽƿԽԽɴ۾ǰ
ʱѪڵٶȾȻûãѪھֱӻصͭУ˫ͭ۾Ҳ˸ʣڲûԵĭɡ
ĭѪͻȻȥˣɴ˫
ģͭٴλָԭ״ǸղŷѪһĻ϶Ϊһͨͭ
ʵͭײеĺܣһĭᳶȫ񱻳һһֱ̱˵ϡ
Ѫûˣͭе۾ҲûҲ˵ȫ
ĭһԼָ⣬ָϵʹղŵһвΣʵڵģӹһˡ
Ŷ˼ͭѾָԭ״Щꡣ
ղŵǧһһΪֵͭóһˣ˭룬ŮþȻӹһ١
ǰҲ̫˰ɣѪҪҧȥˡ
Ů˺ôҲƼҼ˵һЩɱˡ
Ŷ˻⣬̴һСֹ
ĭǵĻһţҲǵĻֻ˼ҧࡣ
ЩˣԼ
ĭתͷһӾͿǧǣǼ⣬鵭ĮһϷģ
˵ղŲǾվһ߿Ϸ
ôϲΣ˭ȻѪԼҪ˶־һ¡
ĭҧòֲܽΣֻһŤͷûشȵƿ棬ҹ
ƿһСĵؿĭһۡ
ȫȥһȥĭ϶ֻʦˣʱǺð
ƿԭأһʱûҪ˼
ĭˣһ˲Ϊ˼֣ҧ˫ȵƿҹѵĻ𣿡
ƿһʹǧ㲻Ը⣬ɽŲԾɳĭŲȥ


1027 

ĭƿ棬еŭɫŨ
Ŷ˼ˣֱֱǶһվˡ
ĭôȻʦˣƿģһûùӳˡ
ǧҲ뵽һ㣬һ˫۾ɲǣӨ貣ĭҪʦˣӣƿҪùˡ
ЦŵȴʲôҲû˵
ɴɴҲǳһ仹ЩµģǵһοӳˣײޱȣԾЩ¡
۷ϲ֣ûаֺµͷֻޱȣ澵ӺҲӣ
ΪʲôλƴҪôأ
ôľӣӦø
ϲԴЩ벻ˡ
ʱƿѾߵĭǰкηԸ𣿡
ƿĭšüͷҲһ㣬Ǻڵóס
ƿ濴Ḷ́ŵɪɪ
ĭϢ˰ΣҲˣæӵվֱ˦ƿһƣƿ棬ղſվΪβң
ᣬƿ˲һӡ
ƿʹæסҲżŭɫҺĭ˺ƤֻŵƼղʵգҲһССҩʦѣҺŹ־ӶԿ
䣬ƿڳһµӡ
ĭӣ϶ϧ񣬿ĭҲŮӣһּɶĺأС۶Ůӡ
ҧҧȻܾʹ˷Źƿ棬ҧгݣһ˦ƿϣ£ҿǹⲻҵģΪԺܵƼҼֱ쿪
˫ȫ˦һӺײǱĺܡ
ƿգ˫죬Ƽû뷨ɵҰҸղž̫˶ѡ
ĭҧһƿϣˣΪһĹ𣿡
ƿʹֱӱ˸Ľų죬æӵ߷ߡ
ƼңֻǺ¶ѡ
ĭһָ⶯˶붯ˡ
ʱŶվڲԶƼǶ֣Щ²˼йҧ
ƿҪˣæ˵ƼҾǼ㲻Ҫ㶯֣ҸղŵǺ¼ˡ
ĭеŭɫÿҪ˵Щղžǹⲻҵƿ棬ͿҰģȴŸᣬĹ£˭룬һͷİǣ
ûСƿЩңæǳҶƼĹʲôģ
˵УУĭҧܴ裬ҪҸɡ
ƿǸĵù
ƿöţҲЩ壬˵ûоûУƼͲҪȡ˺òãΣջûнһ澵ô죿
ĭһקƿȫطСˣȻҺ𱾼
ƿ֪˺һŷԼղŵȷܲãѹ֣ĭˣҲ̲ס
ƼĹҰɣҸղٰ֮ƿ֪дҼƽˣ𣿡
ĭ۾ȴûֻúýѵƿһ٣ͣ
Ҹƽϣĭ䴽ЦкεºҼƽϣ£ڽѵһûѾ߶ѡ
ƿɫףҪѵԼˣ
ĭЦһ˦ƿϣȣȣһҪѵһɡ
ƿٴΣʹ
ŶҲû뵽ĭͻȻЩضǰһУȴûгȥֹ
Ů˱ͦģ񿴵ﶷȻֵڣ
ǧվһ࣬Ҳýζһֱ֪ĭǸС۶ɲ룬ȻøǱ쳣ˡ
üŤͷٿʲô
ɴɴҲüͷΪƼһֱұΪҵ˽ܺã˭룬Ȼоøһ㡣
ҲǱŻˡǧ˵һ䡣
ɴɴ죬û˵
ʱĭɳڴƿ棬ƿ汾뷴ģȴЩӶסֽţͶá
ǼҰˣǸˣǽҵġĭһ߳ƿ棬һ߳Ӷ˵š
ӶȻſƿ棬Ҳ˵ϵǵĽңߣƿ泤ñͺܳǸûϧ˼
ûãƿͱ۷£Ǻ׺׵ģǱĺܡ
ĭǲ㣬ֳš
ˣܵ㲻ҡĭţվ㳢ҵ³


1028 ţҲô

ſҡƿ汻ûۣ챻һ㣬ƼˡҰɣҲˡ
ˣĭߣ°ĸ߸ߣһߵģ
һƣ˦ʱ򣬺һ
ʲô
ǵžת˲ֱ˷ŭǶĭΪЩǵһ͵ŮˣҼΪϤ
ǧԴȥˣƬ̡
Ȼ˰׻½Ƭɭֵ
Ǵ̽ƿȲƵİɡ
ֻ̫ˣǱƿ汻ŰһĻͷ϶ĭˡ
ǧµؿǰһУԾûҪֵ˼
Ǹϵ𣿡ɴɴˣڵͻȻѲ֪ԼŮŰĭ˵ģ
ǧ뵽շһУЦǻѧԺǱߵʱ㣬ͦŵģҾ͸ƿѾߣʱͲţ쾹ͻȻˣ֤ҵĻİɡ
ɴɴһֻһĻϷԣһͿԼŮ˱ŰһĻҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧ̯̯֣˭˵ء
ɴɴЦһһʱҲ˵ˣϲƵˣǰզؾզء
ʱĭҲŭ
ŤͷȥֻһŻŮվǶԼ
ĭͷһƬֻ̣һŭӿͷ㵽ǺˣȻŭ𱾼㲻֪𣿡
۾ŮӦþƼҵμ˵ã츳Ǻõľˡ
ɾôһˣȻøһŮոһĻǲŮͻᱻˣ
Ҳ̲סǰ˦ĭϣ֪ƼҼĭôҲϵĵճŮݵ裿
žžΪ࣬ĭһ¾ͱˡ
ٴӶоƿ棬۵棬㻹ðɣˡ
ƿӣίò޳ףŮÿడŮ򣬱Ű
£ƿҲƼˡ
˺ƤҲٴȥĳĵҲ׳˼֡
ǸɫĭҲֻ·磡
ƿĸףĭ۾䶢ǰ긾ˣŮ˾ϵļ
Ҳôĭ´ͬʱ
Ҳڴĭ۾˸һŭɫ
Ůˣôƿ棬ֱɶ
ҧгݣ޲ýŮɱ
ǣƿ䣬㶢ĭţҲʱһƷ籩ľս
ĭҲĿһʶһΪɵ㣬ô˵ϵļˣʱ㲻úôϵ壬ʲô
䣬̧߼ӣ߸ϵʮַС
üŭ⽥ǲ֪۸Ҽҿ棬ǲҼҿҪ˻ˣ
ڸղŵĻ棬ɹڻĭݣֻͳȥˡ
ĭüȻ֪˵˭ȴֱͦӣһ㱧Ǹ֮ɫûС
ƿ¶ѵôˣĭ·ϵ壬˵Ȼ
еŭɫŨ£ֺͷղҪҼҿ
ĭʼ磬κξɫҪô룬Ҳ޻˵
㡱õԲ˫Ŀ
ƿ½ǣЩףղĭ̫أ뽫ҴһҪΪ
ۣģһΪġ
Ʋĸҵ˰ɣһϮµǧѩһּ߳ƿ˺ۣ⾪ôȫ˿ڣ⵽ô£
Ů˽˵ģֱֱָĭгŭɫһĨڵĺ⡣
ĭŵõһĿȴֱֱǧѩ
Ů˽ģ
ӴĿ⣬ǧѩҲ㣬Ǵ󷽷ţƲĸл᲻ʲôᰡƼҵļˣ
仰һ㣬ɫٴһ䣬ôܣƼģŮ˾øһ㣬Ҽҿȭߣʵڿɶ񣡡
ĭݺݵǧѩһۣŮڹ
ǧѩ޹գգ۾лżãȻǲĭΪλ
ĭҧгݣ˼֡


1029 Ҫһ˵

ձһ˵ƿ潻ǧѩ֮󣬱ǰҼҿôҲϵĵճŮ㼴ʹҼҲóذɣ
ʱ
Ŷ˿źϷǱΪŮ˼˺ƣû뵽Ȼ˼ﶼˣǾʷǳ
ǣƿ¶ͷʲô˵ģĭЦ
һ˵꣬ĭ˫ֻأڳһΪŵģ
ţֻһŭɫӿͷҼҿϵ츳Ϊɫĺӣɶ££
ɶ£ĭʲôЦһ㣬ͷЦŮղǧһ֮ʾȻңһͷСžţ֮һٵϼ֮λɣ
һЩˡ
棬˵ʲôôЩ㲻һ䡣
ƿ治ϵʹ͵ףղѰұʱͻȻһЩ⣬ʱգûüĭȴ˷һ˵Ҽȣ˵ͼı֮λ
۾ֱûмʱȶѣ𣿡
ĭһû˵
üٴָңƼҲûܵκ˺οҪĺ֣ҿΪƼϵ𣿡
ĭ󣬻һ
ǧѩźϷϵЦݸˣƼֽˣ㱻˵о˵Ŀ⡣
Ƽϵ𣿡üһ䣬ͱ˵ζ
ŵָһɵһ
Ŷ˼ˣҲŨ˼֡
ǱΪĭҲʹֶͬΣλϵļˣ˭룬Ůսǿ
ŪĭҧԲ˵ô־壡
Ȼϵ
Ǳ߻ڶţǧҲýζ
ſţȴͻȻ뵽һ㣬ǧѩڰƼҲڰҲһϵ죬ȴȫûһ·
˵ڰǲ¶棬ʵҲǲʶġ
⵹˼뵽˴ǧ°ͣҲ˼֣Ц
˼ۣ֪뵽ʲôʲôҲûʡ
ĭɣɴɴ쳤ţһҪǴȤˡ
ãϲЦˣ
ɴɴᳶǣ
˿̣ĭڶš
ôҲ˼ʮϸʤһ
ĭŵû죬Զһƾûã㱻ʣˡ
㾿Ҫΰĭššüʵ˼֡
ҡҡͷЦЩ񣬡ҲôֻҪһ˵ѡ
ĭָ⣬ʹԼ¸һЩҪʲô˵
ΪҪҼҿ棬ϵ𣿡ֽղŵһ飬ҪƣҲԵ㣬ϵȻûǰǵĵߣ¶ûôˡ
ΪԼŮҵ˺ƤҲûʲô˵ġ
ĭ̬ôǿһ㶡
ŮˣսҵȨ
㣬㵽ʲô˼ĭԲ˫ԭЩɵ㣬ò¸𣿡
Ƶġü˵ֱ׳㽫Ҽҿ溦ˣָ˵ôˣ
ĭҧڵһŭɫƿ㺦ңҽѵһΣңҼҵѾߣȻӵģ
ĭܻ˵ûûо˼
ȴԭһ
Ϊһжֻǧ˵ѣҿ㣬ΪͼѾߣ
ĭ˵ͻȻѾºֱֱƿ棬ʵ棬㵱ƼҵѾߣ
ƿҧҧʼնû˵ƺǾ߳ܡ
㣬֤ǧԷ飬ҿΪͼѾߡ棬㲻Ǹ˵һòĵüʶôͻȻѾˣҧһɸ֡
ƿ洹ȫȥףһʼȷܼǼӣɼǰЩӵ̨μЩڣҵ
Ѿ⼸ۣʵ˵ڡ
˽⵽ȥԺ㵱Ѿߣ͵ѾߣͲᷴ𣿡
ҡƿ䶯˫ҪƼҵĴʵִ̫࣬򲻹
ƲĸǧѩЦŴԲƼͷֺܶ࣬ùҲֻ˳ӣȻɵпͷˡ


1030 Ƽ

ƿмؿǧѩһۡ
ҲͻˣŤͷֽìͷָĭ
ǧѩЦЦƿֵεƼʵڲôҲ츳õҩʦѾأⲻû츳𣿡
ᣬ޲˦ĭӡ
ĭҧҲǳǧѩ䣬ǧѩ˵һ仰𣿡
ǧѩ洽Ϊ޹Ҳʵʵ˵Ѱ
ĭҪˡ
ŶΧһȺϷһ˷
ƼҵμǸС۶Ϊ˱һ츳˵Ѿߣⲻڵ˼
Ŷ˲ĭָָ
ϸǲˡ
ƼҼǸС۶ǸնɱӲ磬ôܵأ
ǰƼҽᱻٵġ
˭˵أղȰִҪͭ³ç类Źֶɱ
һһ䣬ȫûҪͣ˼
ĭ߬˫ȭ˫Ť
ͨѾߣƼҪҪԣǡ㻰һתɫٴαһҪʵУƼҵĵճŮݵ۸ƼҼҲɡ
Ŀ⣬ĭֻñдţǵͣҲʲô˼
ҪǸü̬ǿӲ
Ǹĭɴ˫̳ܾôܣƼҼұƿ£ôǸ
ڸģգ㲻ǸҲõǸǼҵĶ磬ʵʲȥ
㣬ɱվǰ˭ĭЦ°Ҳ̧߼֣ƼҼǵңպӱ밲ˡ
һϵҲˣ
ȴǲʾΪһ£ΪҼҿ棬ƼҲϧ
ĭһסŮ˾ȻôšΪֻعȻƼң
ŶҲŵ㶣˵ȻҪǧգգ۾Ҳû뵽˵ǰû֣㾹ȻӲͷ˵Ҫҡ
Ŀǳǳǰ״鶯ǳƣҪ˺Ƥˡ
ǧЦô˵»ҸҸ˵ƿ¶ԲͻȻϹ
ô˵ǧϲδκβɫ²һϷӡ
ЦԴ㣬飬ϵ˳Ҳ֪ģֻѡ
ǧ䴽ЦøΪ˼֡
ͬ𴽰꣬ȴû˵ʲô
㵱ҪƼңĭʡ
ƼҶǳҵʧ٣ϼҵնɱҲոճΪƼҼδվȽŸϵ˾Ƽң˵û洦ġ
Ը߰Լͷ
ߣû밡ƼֲǲˣǣƼ֮󣬿»öɣ
΢㶣ɺܿνҵ˼ô꣬ȻЩƼΣӪȥ
˵òôȷŪ˲ĭʱŻˣȻҷ
ΪӲˣԲŸҽа壬ҲΪĭֻһСѾͷʲô鶼ûУ͸޿
ĭƶͷ
ϵĹҲǱزٵģˣĺ
ĭһȴûһҪͷ˼˵ģӽ쿪ʼǾңպҲûһϵˡ
һȫûʲôѹ
ƿȼףĺǾˣ
ƿЩ¡
ҲƼһݣŽ׳ġ
ǾҪƼңʱЩղҩˣôã
Ͷƿһĵ񣬵ûµģңǵҲܾӪȥɱˣЩ˲
ƶƿҲװɡ
ŤͷֿĭѾƼңûʲôɫˣѾƼң㲻ƼҵˣԣղŷһУǿɵúúˣҲġ
ĭЩ£æǽΧӶ˹ǿЩңЩͼ죡
˷ǰҲˣĭֻ಻١
ĭôͷЩ¡
׺ƿô
ĭţĭʶĿЩҼҿǸʶĻǾʹһٺˡ


1031 ߲

ʹΪһ£ĭأʾ
һʱ䣬Χͻ䣬սһ
Ŷ˼չˣһ±ƣôͻȻҪˣ
ǧЦһָһԵͭΨ²ҵǵҪһͭŵѪҪ˿ôãѲǸԸԣ
һĭɫŶ˵ɫҲˡ
ͭײУǼʶģһֶأ
ֱʤ
ȴһãȻʲôͭʲôˣǸ˵һЩ
ƿæǽղŷһ˵ԺɫҲһ䣬СĽ棿
㿴ǰͭһʱֻͭͦÿĻƣģȫֻ˵аﰡ
ףҪң澵ĻˣƿüɫҰס
һ£һʱҲͭЩаš
һ˵ӻˣ϶ţЩ˵澵ӻˣһرײе֣Ȼǲɵġ
æǻӻ֣ЩּˣҲˡ
ĭżɵҲûߵӶ֡
Ȼͭаֻ²ڴ˴ˡ㿴ĭ絶ǸɴѰЩĵطٶҲ١
ĭ˵ãһ뵽ԼұģйϾ
ܾϺЩȥҧҧֻܳĬš
üٴ̼һ£ȴͻȻƿסˣ棬ʲôڰ
ƿæ͵ףǻǻȥ˵ɣұҪףĪǲ֪ЩӰ׻½б
ٴһ

·Ϻ˵ˣɵʱû⣬˵ѵмƷˣ
ǰЩˣҲǱűȥģ
ü治ϼƽţѰ˱ʲôҲҵģʱһ÷ˡ
棬ǿȥұƿתߣЩҲһϯ˺ƺƵ뿪ˡ
ǧѩϷûˣҲ뿪
ĭʾҲ뿪
һʱϷûˣΧҲüž
Ŷ˼ˣΪɵؿͭһۣҲ뿪մȾʲôõĶ
˶뿪ˣ⴦طøΪžͷ·ղŵһжһ
ǧ˫ֻأ¸ΣǰŪͭʲô
ζͭ
ɴɴ̿ˮЩɵҾǻ߰ɣͭҲ̫ŹһЩһֿʼأ
󣬲͵ҲӦ뿪ҵĿѰұҪʱ˷ͭϡ
ȥЩ飬ȴеġ
ǧ󣬲ͷЩǵĿȷʵǱɲųͭͭйء
һ
ȷһͭͱйأ
澵ʵڹŹ֣ѲҪŹ־Ĵҹ䣿
֪Щʲôǧ°ͣҲ˼ҪܰȫЯͭ
ֻ߲աκޱȣԵĹħ޲֪ͬʲôҲ˵ʶС̰ͭʶƵģ߲룬вһ顣
ǧէֳâȻ˵òаǱھУǸʹҪƻʵ̫ˣ߲ճвһЧ
ճɡεɫ졣
ǧһӣ߲վͳС
߲յ˵ȣȫãȻ֮ɫղźúõڿռȾˮСݣתͷôͳˣ
ͻȻбճʲô߲գʹ۾ЩʣղڳԶʱ򣬻տռڵ
ЩǳŨҲа
ڰձһԼˣеİûˣеֻң֪ôһֻɰСգ϶á
û£ҾͲܽ𣿡ǧ䴽ЦȴǴŵӡ
̧߲һƣ˲Żˡ
ʳĸһëڿռﾡ
Уë
߲˲¶ĵɫȻèһǧĴȴ˲䣬ˣû¶ܽбճ˵С˲ǲ
ĵ۵ףǧ˲䱻Цˡ
ֻջûڲ٣ǵһۣˣ
ҵȷмҪȥǧָ⣬Щ
߲һת̰ڳһҳģ˵µɽǻ𺣣һɡ


1032 Ҫ

ǧ۾˷üͷƺЩ
߲ջһС˷һۣƳеĵĮͱ䣬˲䱻Żˡ
ֻһֻɰСնѣΪҪ
߲̿ˮȴʲôĻҲû˵
ǧûı仯ָָֻһԵͭͭЩŹ֣뵽ʶƣܹסˡ
߲һҲתͷһԵͭͭûģϸȴƳһ˿Ź
߲۾æǿڱ֤ģһȫ˽ġ
ǧڰ֣֮ЩΣֻĵֱ߲յŵǰýǰͭͭûʲôӦĵҲ
˼£ͭûʲôӦ
ǣһûõͭѣֻɰС뵽ͷưɣ
߲˵־Ͷ֣һӾ뵽ͭʶС
һ뵽У߲յС岻һ
죬ͭϿͨ쳣ʶȴаѪȣЩǱͷ̰аף̰ԽأаĲѪ֮ԣʶġ
ʶһƬɫ欶ĿҲľսΪһֻ޵߲գʱȴЩµģ¹֮ĵҲ˼֡
ޣһ澵ӣЦ˴
߲̿ˮٴ뵽С
ʱǰһУȴ߲յһ
ǳɫĹâУȻһŰɫĹӰŹӰ̰֮յ㹻̰֮Ժ󣬺ɫ徹ȻԽԽͭĻɫ۾һѪڡ
죡
ĴͣԽֻɰСһȥ
߲ջһ𣬾Ҳɵ
ٺٺ٣ʲôȻ뵽ҵʶУŹӰֿǣЦ֮󣬱ǳһ䡣
Ҳżֿµڤ֮ڵ
߲ת˫ΪɵղŲʲôޱȵޣŹֶջ񣿡
ԭްźɫӰٴЦ
Ц߲ͷƤ顣
ⶫŹа񣬺֪ǧҪԸֶ϶Эģ£ֻܴʮֵľ
ǰջЦСıŪ㡱߲һ̰ڳΪ޵ļӣŷߴ
ǶЦȫûбס
߲ûëźɫӰĿҲƲԳԷƵĶվ˿յ
һ䣬߲ս˫һ˲˵ϯƬɫĹâҲŻζţɫĹӰͣ·һҪҷˡ
߲һϲô˿յ뵽˺ɫӰС
ɫӰһҪ߲յʶϳȥʶԣκξٶҲֻͽͶѡ
ɫӰʶԾɫ۾˵ɣǲЦˡ
ΪǸпõķû뵽ȻǸбµӲӣЩʶŪȫܡ
ֻ̰֮һССʶѣ̰֮жܳЩಹһӪ
밲һƯӣû³ԸˣȻϢһ£һպʵܼӰˡ
ɽգҪ
ɫӰЩģôãòױʵôı
һת׼
߲뵽ͷԺ󣬱֪е顣
ֻ̰֮ɵһʶѣȻײеĺܣṵ֮̂жֻһͨľӶѡ
Ǳˣͻˣһ㹻࣬ӵʵ壬ʱ͸˲ˡ
ˣ߲ԾЩ֡
һͨӣôܻ̰֮أ
ľԭ͸һЩӶʹܹ̰֮ҲпܣͲͬѰ
˽⵽ЩԺ߲׼˳ɾʱ߲շԼ˲ˣֹˣԼʶ񱻽סˣֽĶ⡣
źɫӰģ
߲Ȼɴ۾ںֳһĨ׺֮ޣܱһаʶ裿
Ʊգ߲ŭһиΪ̵ŭŷ
ٺٺ١ڰӰЦдżֲѪҵʶУ϶ʲôɣʲôҪŪ
ǱʶҲûôɵ
˹ֻѡ񷴻
˿̣Ҫ߲յʶɣԳ󻼣


1033 Ժ󻹻ʵ

֪ͼ߲յȻɴ󼸷֣뽫ɵ
ɫӰУȴɷõǰ󻼣Ϊʲôɵأ
ܸ߲ܵյǿͨ಻ͬǽɵĻ϶ܱʵˣʱԶ࣬ͳԶ࣡
ɫӰŪŴǣ̰
߲뵽ʶУ֪Щʲô߲еŭɫÿҪ
üһ
һﾹųԵԺΪʵ壬Ȼȥ࣬ʵ̫ˣû
߲鷢ٴһ䣬ת˲֮һƾƱȸղŵĻҪǿ·һӾܽ˴÷ǡ
ɫӰһʵû뵽һﾹȻѾסˣȻܷΪǿĹơ
㾹ȻɫӰҪ㿪ȴѾˡ
ǵ٣һ˲ͽʶɢ˲١
˿̣ɫӰܵشĴҲûӽ߲յʶסˡ
߲ճô˿յæ˳ƳȥԺδżȥһаЦؿǰĺڰӰ˵Ҫɵ
ɫӰһɻ˶
ôоⶫͻȻаˣ˵ҪɵĻǲǻᱻ
ûû㣬ˡɫӰģһ˵ģ
߲۾ȻӦЩ⣬˵ƨˣɱ˵Ҫɵңտܶ࣬ڲգûŶ
ɫӰպգһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ֻ߲ռΪٴԼʶУֻòʶҲᱻɢʱ𣬻Ҳ᲻ˡ
ɫӰʶĹؼٴα˵ģûУֻһСͭѣִɰ
ַ֮ԣ߲ĻǺˬġ
ʱ򣬲ûбЩͷԡ
˵СȣֱںɫӰ˼ţɱգɱգߵְ˰ɣ
ɫӰȻֻһʶ߲߼ҲǺ۵ġ
ɫӰҡͱɢˣæĵˡҰɣɴҲˡ
߲ջӣ뿪ʱȴǳַס˺ɫӰʶ
ɫӰһ±ơ
Ȼס˵ʱŵ̰֮Ҳܳˣоܲˬ
ʲôɫӰʵȴҲ̫
߲һֱ׳յ˿㲻ˬбס㣬ֻǷסѣֲôôļ𣿡
ɫӰŴ꣬ͻȻúеȻ޷
ûã߲յʶ뿪ͭʶλ߲ջ
չ֮£ӵвʺ֮ɫջſ˫ĶţҲ֮侹ǻһ˻
ʢǧȴͣæǿʵô
߲յСȣһĪյȷһЩ顱
ǧ˫ʲô
߲ձһ¹ӣƼһԷɢɫһ𣬼ææڵʶ濴һųɫĹâڳɫâľͷһЩɫӰЩɫӰͭʶˡ
û뵽ܿǧ䴽Ҳ˷Ȼأ
߲ռ˵Ƕ̰֮ʶÿֻҪ̰֣֮ܳȥˣԵһԺܸ֣Ժʵ塣
ʵ壿
ǧһ;ⶫЩ˲á
߲̽ǧе뷨һʵΣշסʶ
סʶǧü΢١
߲⣬ǰǶصĺܣɵգһͽסˣͬޣŵ̰֮Ҳ޷жˡ
ǧһеɫŨҲ˵ҲκΣգǾ԰ȫģ
߲ͷͻȻڳһΪӣճ֣ܷ˲ɣͰţԲġ
ǧһ߲յԭûԸͭЩ߲գʱ˵ʶУֱǿҵĴڡ
һʱ䣬ǧֻ˳ۣĵҲúÿ
òǧ˵ţʹ󷽵ضһƿҩ
߲սӹԺЦ


1034 ͷ˺ÿ

ԹЩҩζģټϵҩлŨȼҲкܴİ
ֻҪŮˣܿޱȻԻ͵δ
ˣһᾡϹѣ߲ŵҩ顣
ǧΣŸտ˼䣬յϷֶ
̾һ뽫ͭ
ɵͭʱ̧οһۣ
ܸܵͭͷʶȴʼͷºͣɣûµġ
ǧŷĽͭ
һͭǧ;ͭܶ࣬ϸһƣĻҲûôˣͨͭɡ
žһͨͭǧֵ˵еֵͭɾһͨͭΪ̰֮Ӷʶأ
ܾͭûô򵥣Ӧûᷢð߲룬㽫е뷨˵˳ԭʹһЩҲпĳй
ǧ󣬾úеҪͭˡ
ɴɴȴЩģ᲻ʲôأ
߲֪ǵĵģ°ͣŷǳǱģѾסʶҲܳˣǱսʶų
ɴɴЩġ
һԼأ
ʱγǴ˶ļյʵ֮ϣ޷Ƶġ
ɴɴǷ
ʱϲȴ䣬ףһЩ

ǧϸһЩǴɭ洫ġ
ǴòңҲᣬҪŲһЩ
ϲ쳤ƣȴʲôҲƲ죬֮һ˷ܵף˵ΪҪѲɣѰ˱Դˣ
ʲôпܷǧϲ˵΢΢ζһ£ȴָܿƽȷпΪ˱ŴģҪȥ𣿡
Ȼţͷ뷨
˼ͷȥɡ
ɴɴˣûзԵĻᣬ˼ҴʦӦˣǻܷ
Ȼǲܵġ
ͷͬġ
ϲּˣЦĶͬзడ
仰˵ģȴǺͷҲ˲˼
ɴɴæסϲֵСͣ˵ѣ֪ʲô˼𣿡
ϲգ۾ȥЩ޹֪ʲô˼
ɴɴʵ̫ˣҲ˵̫
ɴɴϲûҪ˵˼ˣͿٽֳ˻üŪ۵ģƺҪ˵
ϲֱ죬ͷҲЩż㶯ûУ΢һ£ƤӾȻô
򴽣̾һ
ǧƺ֪ϲʲôЦҡҡͷ
ʱǰΣ߰ɣȥڴʲô
ɣ߰ɡǧһ䡣
ɴɴ˿ȴֲȥ
Ҳˣڷϲ˵ǾʱĶһһ¼ΪңҲˣյ
һʲôоȴֻҪɴɴʱָоͻἫΪңų⣬У˵ڴ
ֵĺܴҲӿ˽ŲܿǰĳӳС
ΧһЩˣǲһ𣬻á
ǧһۣܿͷЩˣǸղΧһ𣬿ͭǸСŶӡ
ԭǸСŶӻͦг¾ȻһѷֵģǴ˵еﶷ
ǧ˼ҲǺ棬ͣ½Ųֿ
ףǴ˵еﶷ𣿡ϲЩ棬Сһ䡣
ǧСȷﶷһǲݵ֡
ϲգŵ۾γڲһ˿ʣͷ˹Ȼÿ£һԲϾͿ򣬶һҪ֡
ǧЦȴǽ˼֡
Ҳǲ
ϲҧָ⣬ﻹ߶߶ġ
ʱѷֵŶҪЪˣǴִңңü֮Ծɴɱ֮
ɱ֮ΧȾҲܵձѹ
ǧδŪ嵽ʲôֻš
ûһЩңңŵǿ˵ˣĺãӣȴڿջʱ򣬽Ŷӵһһɱ˷ΪǱǱϾŶˣͲʹ𣿡


1035 ˲Ҫ

˵һµӶǳʹżֺ⣬ʹ޾ѣҲ
ӶһӶµĳʹıȻΪһЩĻżֵ⣬Ÿ˲ˬ
ûЩ˵ȷɱġӶüϸΪ˼֣ҵȻϣҹˣЩֻʩСƼǴӷдȻһٴɱͦʡ¶ġ
ӶϵŭɫŨЩɶֵܣ㵱֣
ӶںΪ˱ٶɱˣҶϧ
ӶŤ֮ɫ
Ӷ۾ֵұҲ뽫ɱģЩҷ̫ͬˣҵЩСıвͨұ͵͵ǱѰҺʱɱ̫ˣҾֵĻᶼûУǿˡ
˵䣬źƺźԼʵ̫
Ӷûκλüøӽˣ㾹һⶼûУ
ӶЦ޴ΪʲôҪл⣬һΪ˱ﰡ
Ӷҧгݡ
ǧǵ̸Ҳ˹
ԭվ¥ɱ֡ǧ¥ڷһУüͷûһ£ʱҾ˵˭뻹ˣΪ˱ﲻϧһд۵ˡ
ϲٴδ˴ֱۣͷ˹ײУ
ɴɴǰĬ
Ҳû˵
ǷΰŪָ⣬ǸµģµĶֻ֣ҲӲ
ǧʼ磬δ˵Щʲô
޹أôڶɡ
ûãǶִײĶڶǧһ࣬ţ鵭ģ׻͸żɢ
վ࣬š
һӶ·硣
Լ䣬î˾ӶϹȥ
Ӷ⣬ϵĹȴҲΪѸ˼֡
Ӷ͵صɴ˫񿴹һӶȵû뵽ʵȻôǿ㵱ʵ
֣ӶҲûмųϣֻ΢΢ʼ磬ɾԵĶúӶȷǰʵ
ǽƻӶŭһٴγӶϹȥһ˲֮˾һ𣬴ѷ֣ײʱǲһɫĻ⡣
ϹƯǳȴΣա
Ӷ۾Ҳ뱣ʵˣӳһƣһķϵħз
󣬾ǿ˷У
ޱȵķڿл͸εķУȴһΣպӶȻɴ۾һֱΪӶֻǷϵħ΢Щѣȴû뵽֪£Ѿܽϵħɷˡ
ǿǳǹϵĻӶſˮЩȥ
У
ԴУ
ӶٳƣƺѰʲôǧǵʱ˫˲
ⲻֳɵĵ汳
Ӷǧ޺ͦƯֱӽ˵汳ģϧ̫棬ǵ汳ķƤı̬
ȻЩӶֻ֪һ汳һơ
ӶٺһЦһ㳯ǧ߷ȥ
ǧ͵ûһԾɰڳһƽź޺ӡ
ȴ۾̾֡
ǧָһȲһûô˵أ¾һֲ飬ԣʲôһ˵
˵Ҳ˶ֵͷе庮ɫȴǸ˼֡
Ǹ˸ַۣһɱת˲š
ʱӶѾһѿסǧļֱӽЩǰ
ǧüԾһɷƵģ
ӶȴǼΪNɪ˭һֱվ˹ɱҡ
ǧʼ磬ȴǲ
ӶӶץһƣɵɴ˫
ôˣ
Ǵ򶷵ʱѾȷΧû˵ģȴͻȻ֣ټϷۣҪ˺޹֮ˣ
·ѳղӶһǸؿǧֻϣߵʱ򲻻̫ʹࡣ
顱мٶ£ڵϵʱ˲䳾ɳɢȥӶΪǧѾɱ
ǰĳȴӶԭء
1589¿ң
ǸԭҪˣ˿̾ö˶վš
ղסĺӶ˿ȴǧţȫûһ㻹
⵽ô°
ӶǰһУЩ±ơ


1036 

ֲ׸ղС׻һǧôһӽӶƷġ
ѲɣⲻС׻һ
ӶſˮǧɫҲ˼֣һ߻վżòףҲ׵Ůеɫֱ䡣
ЩԽԽϤˣЩ˾ǸղͭطģʱϵƾͺܲףһͲǺǵģټǧƷӶǸӲӣ
Ӷ룬æ̧ȥλãղŷû۾û˵λɣ
ǧЦҡҡͷûб˵˭ֱҵƣ
ӶѱƷȫûһ㷴
ӶӶһۣԭŶˣǰЩ죬Ϊ˶ȻŶɱǸղŵ֪һϢ;ۣĽͬʱҲܾˡ
ǧüһ鵭ģһ㺮˪˹ȻĹΣԼŶӵ˶ɱʵڿɺޡ
ӶŴ꣬˵Щʲôȴǧе˪סˡ
ģǱɽϵѩþö
ӶҲΣ˫׼ư͡
Ӷһۣڳ˿ɫ˾˹͹ļλʵڱǸ
ǧҡҡͷûʲô飬ӶСһһСָͷܽ˸Ū
ӶҲ֪ǧһ仰Ҳ˵ɵĺܡ
ӶָЩʲôæǿ˵ܷ˽ңȻ˺ŶӵˣҵȻҪȥֻһ
ǧҲ˳ס˺ӶѣӶˣҲûвĵ
ӶˣֱӶӶǰɣھͽ˴߰ɡ
ӶקסԺ󣬱㱧ȭллˣЩȥһлҽϳ̷ɣպʲôҪҡ
Щǧûģ۾ɣպʲô£Ҿ㡣
ǧ˵ϳ̷˿һʼĵģϾǷһ飬ǧô˵ĻʲôõҪ˵ˣͷҲܶˡ
һ㶼ڳڵӶ£ҡϳ̷˵һ䡣
ǧ󣬵Цŵͷ
׻ڵȷһӶᣬǳһӶᣬ˽Ӷÿ붼ﵽڽңô˵һȽϲĵط
ǧָ⣬΢ɣʲô¶ǻȥӶῴġ
ϳ̷һͷӰ˲٣קźӶֵûʲô¶Ҿʹˡ
ǧڰ֣ʾ뿪ˡ
ϳ̷קźӶǰߣһӱûǵӰһ־ܿͽˣǧ뿪Ӱɵġ
ǰͷղǸˣû˵ɡ
֪ǧɻЩģ㿪һ䡣
ǧҲӦ֪ҵı£ǺӶϳ̷ǵĵȼ̫ͣ˲ҡ
ģЦźÿǾͺá
ǧٴﴽȴʲôҲû˵
ɫɭȴûһҪ뿪˼˵Ҫ뿪ĻҪһأ
ΪѰҵŲֵ᷸ͼ
ԣ̫Ҫɽʱ˶ѾɭдһӭԵø⾫¿ɰһ˵ָС
ǧҲ֪ﲻô򵥾ҵģ֮ǰҲ׼񣬲ڿĵطѽˡ
⴦⾲ףһȥֻһֶһ޶ĸо
ǧرϲֶһ޶ĸоһܰףԶһ
ط治ɴɴȥ㣬֮߱߸пΧһ˶ûУһ˯ðˡ
˵Ļϻ͵Ϯʱþ˯ˡ
ǧ֪˼ǳǳһЦ⴦طף˵ȷȫĺܣɲôǻǵһЩ
ɴɴͷȻӦ̫ףĵġ
Ժ󣬱վ˵ҪȥЩɡ
ǧöذ״Ż㣬˵̧ͷɣҪСһЩ⴦ɭֱǱΣգǲĻһȥ


1037 ĺÿ

վһԣǧ˵æҲڵһ˲ȫȥ
䣬˵Ļ˾ܾˣɴɴĥ˺һŵͷǾһȥˡ
֣üɫҲЩѿ
ȻˬȴҲû˵ֻɫ˼֣źദˡ
ɴɴδʲôֻǺ
üͷɫֱ䣬£ֻ󣬶ԸԼһۣ
˵ӰʧϲֲŲǧߣЦף˵᲻ʲô𻨰
õ飬СС͵ķϲ֣ûġ
Ǿ͵ÿԼˡǧٴŻ㣬ַĺܣô²ģڵʮҲ¶
ϲͣһҲ̫˰ɰûõĴˣ
ǧЦЦ㲻˵
һԵʯϣһ㡣
Ŷ£ָ񣬾䱦ɾôһ䱦Ȼڴ㣬ǿζŨĶƤпʱѪȾָϡ
ָѪ죬һƹȥֻþĶǡ
ִҲ㣬ͺı
ǧ߾ʲôסһȫŲҲֻʣһǾǷָ⣬ѪȾģÿ
ɫ⣬ָ⣬һжáôˣεǧ
ǧһŷԼŷεָѾ˺ܾˣѾͷγף˺ӣôӻպƵģ
üҲûбҴľȣƤ˵û£;ָ̫ÿһЩҾôţȴЩˡ
ⷬʵ񻹴żö֮⡣
ţǲҲһúܺÿ
ǧͷȻȻȻҶʲô
㣬Զ࿴һЦü֮˷绪ٲ㷺𣬺ÿ쳣ϲ㿴ҡ
䣬εĶΪ죬ڴһƷһ
ǧףһ˷ϲֻǸСޣ˵ĻŻˣҵɫ壬˭Ӧ֣ʵ̫ˡ
æסֻˡ
ǲԶĵطɴɴڼ
ǰЩӸ¹꣬ɭڵ·Щߣ񵽵ЩҲģɴɴֺܿͱŪ࣬Ҳⲻ
ȥϴ֪֡ЩʲôеĲ𣬵񡣡
ɴɴϷۺ죬ôɣɡ
ƿ꣬ѵʿͬ˵뵽Ůӣȥϴ֡
Ҳ֪ǲɴɴֳ֢ζֵףʱιȥһ
ָ⣬ðβŵͷǾ鷳ˡ
˵գɴɴȹھˣ񿴵ʲôħƵġ
󣬲ٴüô£
ɴɴܵߣӿʼϴ֣ˮˮˢƵʱֺĸо۾ڳһܵģ
ʱɴɴоϴһʹʶʱ򣬱㷢Ͼ֪ʱһСС˿ڡ
˿ڲȴѪѪӴļ䣬ˮҲƲˡ
ôͻȻѪأɴɴϵ˿ڣЩֲףѲɣϴֵʱˮʲô
񣬺Ҳֻ˵˵ͨɴɴϴֱ֣ӽ£תˡ
ʱ֣һֻȫڵС֩˳ֱȥеٶȺܿ죬ûñ뿪ֱۣɴɴλá
ɴɴδСֲԺȥˡ
ʰȡûþͽʰЧʿɱɴɴˡ
ɴɴˣЦһ䣬佫죬Ѿ𣿡
̧̧ԼˣԼ˵ϵıΪ˼֣ǰ̵ʱܻһЩϾǲѧһЩҰ漼ܣֻҲŲա
ɴɴıЩӣܸоĺࡣ
˫ȴ֪˵Щʲô
ʰŲ𣬴֮˵ȥɡ
Ĳɴɴŵͷɣǻȥɡ
Ų𣬶ɴɴȥվԡ
˼粢ţϵĹâǵӰһʱ侹¾õĸо
ɴɴϵֻɫ֩뾹ͻȻ궯


1038 ҳ

֩ǿʲôζʳһ³һ˿ǻϡ
δ֩Ӳͷ
̫Уʶܾøղźʲô˹ȥȴʲôûֻǴɡ
ôˣɴɴ죬ʵ
ҡҡͷоʲô˹ȥǴɡ
Ҹղϴֵʱ򣬺оʲôһ¡ɴɴƣƣֻһС˿ڣ˵Ѫѡ
ˣȥ㶡
ֻư𪣬һ˵ӣģҲƭˡ
򴽽ǣһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ɴɴû˵ҲһԼƣֻһ۱ƼԼƵ˿ھ֪ʲôʱˣһһۼû¡
˵ϸС˿ܹǻһۼģưɾа˵Ӱ
ɴɴգգ۾͸¶һãȻɫ
뵽ΪԼƭˣɻŻŽҸղıʲôεˣɲ֪Ϊʲôھ˿ڶˡ
δϣֻǵ˵˿ڲԼ˰ɡ
ɴɴҧ˫ҲֻֽˣͻȻЩԾʲôԾȴ˵һȻ
ҧ˫ֻܸȥˡ
ȥԺ󣬱㿴ǧѾ㴦ˣûͦɾһֻҪЩڼϾܳԵζˡ
Ǽˣģ̌Ŀϴš
յģ֪δ˵Ǹ²ӡ
ǧʼ磬̾һ
ɴɴ֪ʲôЦ˵һ䣬ǰˣǰЩӲ¹ʵ̫ˡ
ǧǶһˮЦˡ
û¶ɴɴӹˮЦŵˣҸղϴֵʱǱʲôεˣͻȻ֮ҵ˿ȴʧˣ˵ֲ
ǧգգ۾
˿ʧ
úõ˿ôͻȻʧǧƿ꣬㲻ǳ˵ҩɣ
ɴɴҡҡͷûԣһء
ǧָ⣬Ǿ˿ǲǺС
Сĺܡɴɴһ˵
ǧǾͶˣǶǶߣӵһЩϸС˿ڹźܿϵġ
ɴɴҲúеҲԣС˿ڹˡ
ǧЦЦµĶȴûͣһʹľӣЩõҲһһȫŵľϡ
һԺǧ㿪ʼ
ɫĻЩȣ˲佫
ͷĺɫ֩룬ƺֻſ־壬궯ͷĴҪܿ䣬ȴʼѲ
ЩӰΣִżԵĹԣ
ɫֻ֩³˿뿪ͷɭȥҲ֪Ҫȥʲô
ʱ˸һĹ⣬ϸһѪɫģżֹ͹ɫ֩뿪ֻͷһᣬȫ
ָоĪͺղʲôͷһ
˦˦Դ㲻ϸ룬жһЩ
ƺܴɫĻ»ԵøÿŻս˵Ķů
ҹ䣬лţԾɾůǳ
ʱѾˣζ˲Ʈҹգ۵ζ˲С
ɴɴᣬڳЦ⣬ζѾҲ㣬ȴûнտţΪĲͬ𣿡
ǧãǰɣ沢ͨԿҲͨ
ɴɴһϲȲһڣһУɴɴо¶ҸЦݣúóԣۿɿڣһζûС
Ҳҧһڣһ˲Ũζڿڳݼܣζһֵζڿڳݼɢ
ףĺúóԣϲ˫ӣθҲǼõģûþѾһԵ
ǧˣַָһ
ϲֽӹԺ󣬳ԵøΪˡ
㷹˾ͻصЪϢ׼ͦ࣬ɴɴһǧһȴסһڡ
Ϊ˲÷ϲִŵǣصзһС
ǧ˯󴲣ϲ˯Сܻˡ
ܵ˵СӻĻġ
ǧЦײײεĸ첲⣬ô뵽Ҫ׼Сģ
νëͻȻ뵽׼ˡ
ǧüһǲ뱦׼İɷΰΣû뵽㾹д˵Ļ


1039 ˯òã

üһȴû˵Ļ
ǧᳶε°ڣЦø汻Ҳˣ㻹صİСĻˡ
α٩ȴ治ɫ
ǧŴǣЦñˣҲһΡ
սһڣһ͵ϲСĻ
͵żֵƣǧȫˡ
Сӣˣ
һǧŻϲҳϲģʦ
䣬ţǷϲ϶Ƶڴˣ²У̻ܽСӡ
ϲֽСͷڴͷʱȫ֪Լҵڿʲô
ף˯ϲֺڣ棬İ
ÿԸСܵܣСã
ϲֵһҵȫɢˡ
ǧѹɣ˯ɣ׺͵Ȼ˯
Ǳ˯ϲһβ񼫺õӡ
ǧڰ֡
ϲ̸С˯˹ȥ
ǧͷζһۣҲϱ˯ˡ
ʱһƬžǳģгҲҹֵİ
һߵУɴɴȴ˯Щ̤ʵϷշת࣬ͻ۾
ʱԴЩεģԺܻһЩֵֹƬΣЩƬӶʱԴˣҲ֪Ϊʲô
ɴɴ֧ӣֲĴԼԴô£ΪʲôԴôΣԴܻһЩֵֹƬΣ⵽Ϊʲô
ҧҧɲԴҪԴƬȫĳȥ
ãֻԴˣһһҪ֧ĴɴɴҧҧӼȥȥԴжΣҲȥԴʲôƬΣֻ밲˯
Ҳ֪˶ãɴɴԺ˯˹ȥ
ڶգɴɴ˶˲٣ԺƬεôˣԴҲˣյһоͺǴһ
ɴɴԼԴ͸¶һãȻɫô˰ɴɴɫôѿǧÿӳʱ򣬾Ϳһ㲵ɴɴ㶣˯òã
ɴɴ˳һǷϴɣڵ˰ҹ˯š
ҵ˱ǾϻȥǧƺЩ
ɴɴڰ֣ûµģ΢Щϴѣ϶Щġ
ɣԼϸŵ㣬ʲôĵطһҪ˵ǧ֮ŽĿ˻ȥ
ɴɴͷұ֤Ƶؿڡ
֤ǧҲ˿
ʱҲ˳ͬɴɴһҲһ㲵ӣͺʲô͵һ
ǧһۣҲ԰㲻Ҳϴɣ
۽ǣһѰ˯ӣԺȫ˹Щϴ
˯ԺģͻȻԴЩΣԴﾹȻһЩƬΡ
ЩƬһޣ˺ҹŵ˯š
Щϴǧ˵Ժüͷһ
һսĴ󽫾Ҳϴ
˵ȥ˭Ű
ȷȷʵʵ㲵ĺܣҲ֪ʲôѲɣϴ
ǧü۵ʹĦԼ°ͣһϴҲͰˣϴ᲻̫أ
⵽ɺϣأ
ǧ۾ܾϴΪ⡣
ȴ˵ҵͿЩȥɣЩǻǵóԳԿ࣬ǶԲסˡ
ҡҡͷ޷
ɴɴҲûʲôЦϵɫҲȥ˼֣ǶԲסҵ˱Ҳմ⣬ǣ
ʱκͷϲִ˳
֮£廪úˣǣ˵Щʲô
ھǵ̸ֹģҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧϷתĺʱͷһ˵ϴ¶أϴƣɫˡ
һƣƼ㲵֪ˣΪʲôء
սպյ佫ϴĿתߺͶϣıɵĮȴִζ
ʦעţһò˵һĻȷЩϴҲ֪ôˣͻȻЩ˯ˡ


1040 ǵôˣ

ƣ룬̾һֵ۵İɣ佫ɵúúעһԼӡ
ЩܳͷǣҼˡ
ջĿ⣬㲻˵
Թ緹ԺٴȥѰұ
ɭ䣬Ҳ֪ﵽǱںηȻǱ϶һεĵط
ǧ䣬СɭУһ·ϵûʲôΣգżв֪ħ޴ڳܿͱǧһ˸ˡ
ʣµħ޼ǧײУҲҳˣԣһ·ϸΪͨȫ
գãмȶȡ
ʱɴɴԼԴЩεģ͸һ½ŲסԼԴ
ô°
ΪʲôЩεģ
ǧɫʵɴɴôˣΪοȥЩʹࣿ
ɴɴ̫Ѩҡҡͷû¶̫̫ңЩˡ
ǧøΪ֣ɴɴǱϵħʦŪѩΧ¶Ƚ
ӵıϵħȴ˵Լ
죬ϵ˶ˣϵħʦҲɣ
ǧɵؿɴɴۣȴʲôҲû˵
ɴɴԼ̫Ѩһź࣬¾úöˣǼǰɡ
ɣʲô¶͸ǡǧֳɴɴ˼ֵֹۣܾģҲ֪ôˡ
ûŪ֮ǰǧ׼
֪ʲôġ
ȸ˲ӣһİο
ܵϵȶȣǧһ䣬ڵĵɫҲɢȥ˼֣ջĿ⣬ɫõһûûεģ
ɭѰһȦȴûпκαӰӣͷ·ﲻɭһҲǱҪô򵥾ҵҲˡ
˼ȦϳһЩƣ֮ɫǧˣ㿪˵ȻˣǾϢһ°ɡ
һ˾ϯضһϵƣ֮ɫҲȥ˼֡
ǧˣ䴽ЦûϵЦȥǽһȦȴûҵ䣬Ҳ֪Ǳ﾿ںδˡ
һƣȻɭУֻҪϸһЩܹǻҵġ
ǧһЦҵ
ͷ
ǧ˵ز˲ġ
ǣɴɴȴû˼ȥֻԴЩκģԺֹöƬΣǰǳ˲ٻþ˶
⵽ô˰
ɴɴ˦˦ԴֻԴ˼֣æͼԼѹ
ͬҲֻɴɴһЩԣӷ滹ȽģᴭһֻԴ˼֣ȴܹסġ
ǧ˵ɫǱˣɿʵǵû£ɫøѿ˰ɡ
ɴɴͬʱҡҡͷû£㲻õġ
ǧۣɡ
ûµӣ
˶ô˵ˣǧҲöʲôֻʵʱעһ¡
ǧʶǿ˼ۣ嵭ϸûʲô飬˼۱㽫Ŀ˻ȥҲ֪ͷЩʲô
Ϣ꣬ٴɭѰұټ
·һƬԵʱǧǰյشƯСЩɫģԶԶȥһɰСɡ
ǧˣ֪ЩܾŶ˴ġ
¶ޣȴûмʱǴΧжϻ׼˯ڴ˴
ûҵҵ˾ֵϳǧﴽ˵Цš
վߣԡ
ϲ۾⣬һӾͷֶеЩͬѰЩϻгŶˣôЩνŵģҲŽ
ף֮պ񲢲ãҪ𣿡ϲҧָ⣬С岻Ҳһ£ͷ˹ײУû¾ϲԼ˴򡣡
ϲ˵ǧҲܵ˿еĲͬѰ
պѹ֣ҲżŨҵɱ֮
գŶ˻гģɽôҪˣ
ټǸûѰ˺Ƥ˵ûкôġ
ǧ¾֣üͷҲšﻹûҵھͿʼڶģȷÿԣܾЩΣȹȥ
棬һӦɣǾ͹ȥ


1041 Źֵĺ

ǧһŷϲֺͷξ˹ȥ
ɴɴһۣҲǵĽŲ
ŸߵΧǧײѾˣ
ǧŲ΢٣æǶ㵽δ
ʱʱħˣʱڵһɼ
ģ̌ȥ濴Ŷ˲һ컹άűϵĺгɽոͻȻ˺Ƥ
ô˵ЩԾİɡ
ǧп˼ۣȻɱȻģҪ˶ԷҲֹ˵ͣ
Ǻܾˣڴϵ͵ԣ浱Ʋ𣿡
ͶΣܱһֱٽǿɣζŵĺܣ뽫ˣ
Ӱ浱°
ʱм
ҲͿˣ͵⣬͵ûϵȵħ⣬ǰһֻ۱һֻۣܲˣգҾҪǽԵȫ³
ǣ³Щ⣬ɲȺܳԵġ
³Ūǣ
ǵӳǧУǧԺǲɳ鴤
Ϊ͵⣬ϿٽţҪƴˣ
ǧȫǵԻ·ֻЩʵģм˵ķζ
طѰұһһգȴΪһЩ֥ƤС¶ֵ˵ز
ɵ˰ɣ
ǧšü˵ЩǲɵˣΪһЩëƤС£ֵòɿ
νĿͶЩϣɫҲ֪ǲɵˣܾЩԾĵط
ǧüͷǽ˽ãЩطԾ
νֵڴ䣬޳˫񣬺ÿ쳣˵ﲻԾܸоǵıЩ֣ĳֻþʲôƻһ
ǧͷһ
ƻˣ
ɭǱʲôܽȺȼӶƻħޣСѿһֲ
ǧҧһʱ̽࣬̾һֻܾǰһС
ʱŶɲһΧһȫɱȾˣɹûãеɱ⾹糱ˮһȥת˲֮䣬ЩһӶȻҲֹͣ˹
һãȻվڿյشлŵסˡ
ʲô
ΪʲôŵΪʲôԼڴԼˣ
ܾЩ֣Щ˼飬ʱеãȻŨˡ
ô£ôͻȻʹˣ
ǰö˶ôʹˣǲ˵ã궫ȥɭѰұ𣿡
ѽôͻȻʹˣͺʲôٿһ
ŶãȻɹһǾȻˡ
˯òãų˻þʲô鶼û϶̫ˣ
ȻǶûʲô¶ͼȥͷѰұӰɣ
ɣھȥҹζࡣ
ǧͻȻ֣Щ˵Ļģղŷôش飬ûãǾȻǣȥѰұëһܾЩЩ˵Ļǰһ̴һһ̾ȻЯֹͬȥѰұ
δ
ǧҧ˵ҾЩΣǻǶעɣɭΣأû׼ʲô֪ΣǱƽ
󣬲ͷɣעġ
ǧֳɴɴǿһۣҲʵעЩɡ
ɴɴæǵͷһͷͷˣûãָоҲʧˣͷ·Ǵһ
ʱǲע⵽һֻɫС֩˳ֻ֩˫͸¶һ˿Ѫɫ
ѪɫУƺƳֻ֩ģǳԵʲôζɺɫ֩һã֮󣬱뿪طҪȥѰһĿˡ
û˺ɫ֩ӰǧҲûʲôԵĵطͷղŷһУһһ֮ʲôָԭ״
˵ЩʱǧЩ㱣һźЩˡ
ͷ࣬ƺȶȴݸ
ǧ۾ϲһ£Σ˵ղŷһУ𣿡
üͷ壬һŵܹ鲻̫򵥵ģȿɡ
ǧ󣬲ͷɣȲҪݾߣȿ˵ɡ
ǳЦŵͷˮ
ΧӶȫɢȥǧҲ˳ΧûʲôöӦòʲôȥĵطɡ


1042 ˮ

εͷ˵ʲôġ
ɴɴҲû˵ʲôֱӸǧĽŲ
ɭһȦȴûҵӰӡ
Щڱʾʲô˼أ
ʲôǾǾԶ߽ǰͱʲôأ
ǧüͷһʱôҲ벻ͨΣ˵ڱʲô˼ҵڻûס
ƿ꣬ˮǣǺӵĶǲҪֻҪ۾ȥ֣ҵġ
ǧ˳Ĭ
һĶǺܽ׻ʲôأ
˼ֵԣӦȥѰңٴνɭǻҪҵһĶܽ⿪⡣
εĻܵȴǵ
ǧζǰЩһֱɭȥңȴһֱջһʼĹעʹˣӦȥѰң
뿪ƿ꣬ɭֵΣҲģȴûбټ
ƣһʼķŪˡ
˰ѻ˵Ժ󣬱뿪طɴɴҲûκǷǸģǧ϶κ˶ҪѰұ
ʱɴɴǵԴǲôˣԾЩ۲һ˲ȫûˡ
⵽ô°ɴɴ˵ģٽһöҩ£µҩԺɴɴžһЩ
Ҳˣٽһöҩ£žһЩ
ԴһЩƬԺ˵ľЩãҲ֪Ϊʲôûã˱ɭΧ
Ҫ뵽ɭͱͨɭֵΧܷǾԶߣǰĻɭΧƽĺܣʲô챦ı﾿Ķ
ǧָ⣬ͷŹġ
öģƺʾҪ̫ˡ
ǧ˲ͱˣ𴽽ǣЦҲģҾ΢˼һ£ָܻܿ
һʱƿһһԶö֮⡣
ǧֻЩ㱣ǳ׳С
˹Լָ⣬˺һŻ񣬵ɴɴЩӾɭΧѰұɣҲ⴦ط񡣡
ɣ׼ɴɴһ䡣
ǧͷ󽫷ڿռеó
ŴɡɴɴԼûʲô¶Ը
ãȥĵطûгԵĶǧ˵ţŷκͷϲվƺѿռ
ܿ죬˴ʣɴɴˡ
ɴɴ򴽰ֻ꣬ͷβѣҲʱ͸ˣһźƻһ
ͷʼ񣬿ȴͣȫ֪Ӧͬദһڴ񣬲ɿ˵Ұɡ
ɴɴܾͼѾ˫ҲһǣƼҲ˵ʲôֻܴС˵Ǿ鷳佫ˡ
ʹȴһ仰Ҳû˵
ڴʱȫûκνİһ
ʱɴɴҪϵһȴһһʱȸܣѸӡ
¶ȣȴЩȣżζ
ſˮͷ뵽Է˫ʱǱĵˮ󳤳ɲһʰ
ɴɴճյؿ΢ţ紺ˮ
ͬɴɴеȥһʱƶ˼͵ζۺ£ԵøΪÿ˼֡
佫ҡɴɴֹȴǳǳĲƣǲͬˮ˲۵ӣҲʲȥˡ
ǱƻһһǰȥۿҪˣȴڴʱһŮ˵ʲôĻأǧգգ۾Ϊǿˣ٩
ɴɴѸٷֿ񷸴Сëһ
ɴɴ֣ȫɫûû˵Ļˡ
ȴǴеǷȴûȥȴôҲ׸ղһ˲Ȼԡ
һֵòԼ̾һȴʲôҲû˵
ǧϿȥۣ²ǻûпϣ
ǸղҪյһ˰
ǧǵĶŮҸĸףֱΪǲġ


1043 Σ

ǿϣȻῪϵģҲ̫ࡣμ̫ͣæǳⶪɴɴǡ
ǧһ֪ڹԼϵЦݸŨ˼֡
ϣ˳Ժص˯ˡ
ҹʱɴɴͻȻ˯оˣʲôһ㣬˫ͨ죬˫ͬˮ˼ͷӡ
һ˫ʲôסһ£ƿ´Ȼ̧žͳȥ
˿̵ͬҲΣöƬΣЩƬ˶Դκģʲô֧һ
ৡһӱƿˡ
Ȼɴ۾ˣĿͣԺһͷð˳
̫áɴɴ㡱֧ӣ˫ȴɴɴϡ
ɴɴ˫ȭգϵΪ˼֣ǰٽе뷨˵˳㣬أ
ٴεɴ۾
Ǳе糱ˮһӿţһʰ


һڵں籩籩ɢȥ˫ͺһ⣬·һӾܽơ
ɴɴһ仰ԡ
ɴɴָ⣬Ϸ͸һ˵ĽߣˣǴ󵨵ظһ飬㣬أ
û˵ɫ˫ͬԨһҪɴɴû
ɴɴҲ˫һ˲ӣеٴι˳Щͬˮһ㣬ٽ˸ûˡ
֪䣬ɴɴʧȥǣǰһѹסĲӣΪβ˵Īǲϲң
ܵϵȶȣһһ˫øȣҲ˼֣Ҳ̲סһѽɴɴק˻С
ӴɴɴһӦʱԼĴϡ
ǿĴȣŲҲܸܵ洫ݳȶȣ쳣ֵĶ
ָ⣬ϻȦȦ˷ΪǺⰡ
һһϵСĿƣͬݷŵĿҰޣ˵ңǾж֤
ɴɴ򴽰꣬Ŀˮ׺ǱһȻ֮ɫ
ж֤
ɴɴ붼û룬ֱĴ꣬ǵò룬ȴУһ˲ԡ
ɴɴ˿ʱһѿסĺףǡ
ɴɴԹֱķʽһ˲侹ǳУ˫ͬˮһ㣬ӯӯ󣬾Ө͸һʵ
ˮɵ˫ֻȫȵҪҵһйڡ
һǽŽɴɴſ˫ɽ䣬Щ᲻ýſ
ɴɴͷִ˫ˮģΣ˰ɣ
ڣͳżֺƵİƣţʵҲ㡱
䣬ɴɴԡ
ɴɴȻ̧Щϲؿ棿
Ȼġİ˫Ҫɴɴ˺顣
ɴɴ򴽽ǣڴżϲˣ
ǵġ۾Ϊơ
ɴɴ𴽽ǣЦø㡣
е̣ԼζԽС
ҽȥɴɴ˫ɣЩ顣
סɴɴļ˽Ҳȥ
ǲȥ°ɡƿ꣬˲ɴɴĶߡ
ܵϴݶɴɴһҲ
С֣Ȼק½΢ţˮ˺һſ˵Ŀ𣿡
ָŪƣȻġ
ɴɴһϲСָ޼ɵϴš
ۣһѿסС֣ڵ𣿡
ɴɴһˮһ㿿򣬵ǰбҵ𣿡
ۣɳƵˣҪôҽ
ʱڵոΪϵĻҲһˣһͻʲô
ɴɴһֱӽѹ£ţΣұΡ
ϣܿȨ
һҹ£ȴֳ˹գãɴɴһů˹
̫Ѩֻû۵


1044 һˣ

ˣʢҹֵһ̶ͣҲŪûۡ
ɴɴ˶˫ȣ洫ʹ̲סüͷһ뵽ϵۣ̲ס𴽰ꡣ
ܺһˣã
ɴɴһǵĹâ
һв˲䡣
֣һѿסϸˣ
ɴɴüһ̧ÿһĵζǰողѵģͷʱҲˣǿЩɡ
ȴǽϸţ˯һɡ
ɴɴüۣȻ˯һģС֣һѾͱסɣǾ˯һɡ
ʱͷʱѾˡ
ǧֻ߳ͷĵģѾʱˣɴɴȻδ۾˼֣ΣƽʱѾˣΪνջδ
վ࣬ǳǳ˯òãЩɡ
ǧᳶ񲢲ˣҲֻֽˡܣЩɡǧƿ꣬һ䡣
䴽ǣһʱ䲢˵
ǧʼ磬ͷվһʱһԵӱƿˣӭľȻɴɴ
ǧǣȫȻɫ
ģɴɴôгˣ
Ͻ𴲣һС
ɼʹЩɣЩɴɴƽƤӱĺܣͬ˵Ҫ죬ȥн𴲣
һ϶У
ܣԲܣ
ɴɴôĻֻа˰ɶϵģɴɴ˵ЦִͷʢЦ⣬Ķ˵ĺܡ
ǧˣӸǵɴ˼֡
죬һҹδȻϵôˣ
˵ЦٿҲһӣ˫֮ǳҪɴɴˡ
ǧ򴽽ǣ֪Ϊʲôܾǰĳ쳣ҪãǼͦõ飬һҹ֮ôҪã˲Խ롣
ϲҲע⵽Ǳߵͣףϵʲôʱˣ
ǧʶҡҡͷҲ֪ܺãҲͦ˵ġ
ϲ°ͣĿȴѣҲ֪ǲǴ֮Щ죬ͺаһ
뵽˴ſˮһʱ侹֪˵ˡ
֪ھʲôǧȴһ仰Ҳû˵ɴɴǣһ˿̽ӡ
ǧڿʲôߣɴɴعͷڵȾһЦ⣬ϸһƣȴܷЩǣ˿̽Щʲô
ǧšüȴЦڿǰһϲǾȻҪˣ
ɴɴסĸ첲ЦǰϾͱ⣬ȻҪһˡ
ǧһɾùĺܣ˵һ϶У
ɴɴһߵشǰǼȻ⣬ȻҪһˣǧΪǸ˵ģ԰ɣ
ǧЦһȻͨȻףǣҲΪǸ˵ġ
ɴɴ󣬴Ȼ鼫ãٴ§סĲӣлףҺܿġ
䣬ɴɴȥĵطȥˡ
ǧ˵ıӰüͷҲʱǣҲƽͬô˵ЩԾ
һɴɴ·ʣǧ˶챻ըˡ
ǧҲǹˡ
ɴɴ·ʱСȻһȳһյģ֪ǿ϶һˡ
ЩͲ˵ӰɴɴǸƤӱҺ׺ߵĹǴ󽫾ƽ࣬Ҳɵĺܣڸոȷʵ̫ˡ
ǧüͷڻһƬɫ
νַļͷᰴ˰ȷʵЩŹ֣ҲҪżϸǵʲôٳҲ١
ģ̌۲ζÿǳɣǾĹ۲һܾǱʲôסˣȻֲӵľٶ
üͷ壬β
ǧ΢䣬ǣϲֵС֣ߵɴɴǰһǳԺ÷ȥΧѰұɺã
ɴɴעȫϣǧ˵ĵͷɰĿľΪ˱һǾͳɡ


1045 ֻҪˣ

˵Щʱɴɴûʲô쳣Ҳû˵Ҳ
濴ű˴˵ʱ򣬾ʯһ㣬˵Ļȫ˹ȥ˵ֱû
ǧŲдģȴʲôû˵
緹ˣһ·ɴɴرᣬ·ҲҪһ𣬾ӤƵġ
ǧˣüͷٴ壬ڵ˫ͬԨû֪˿Щʲô
һΧûбɴɴˣһѱסĲӣҰҶ߲ˡ
ʲôû˵ֱӽɴɴϡ
ɴɴסĲӣЦò÷ǳ
ǧƼǰָ΢΢ô˾͸аһ
ϲҲܲסǰֱֽ۾סˣף̫۾ˣ
ǧ󣬵ͷͬȷʵˣǾ͵ûʲôðٳҲ١
ϲ󣬹ɵصͷ
ʱɴɴ˵ƽ󽫾˿̾ëͷСӣǸЦģżΪ۾
ǧͷϲֵɫЩȻ
ǰƤ嶼ûһ£ͷ·ɴɴǿһ
ģ̌ĲգǳЦɽģ˼ͺˡ
Դȥ룬⣬ͳˡ
ǧһٴǿɲɣһƣʲôΰǱӡ
δĺ̲һĨ֪˳С
ǧ򴽽ǣǻڣ뽫ΰڵ
ζ˫ǳǳһЦ׵Ĺâ˼֡
ǧˣֻԴκģôôÿˣ
ƣе궯ѹȥ
ʱһϤϤӲԶǵԶҼΪңڱ׶ħ׷һ
ǧȻ½ŲҲһ֮ɫ˹ˣ̵ǲСڱʲô׷ϡ
ͷ˵Щʲôͼһ㲣ǱŮ˴˳
һۣޱ顣
ǧȴûôƼŮ֮ɫһΣĿǽ˲š
ǸŮǱǧڵһʱϳŮ˵ĭȻĭ
ƼҼ
Ǵ˺ЩӶɭеôһӾͱǱˣ
ģ̌°ͣдżӵζ
ģĭԽԽ׷ЩҲܿ¶Ӱ
ǧһƼ㶣Щ׷ɱĭˣȻЩӶô
ǧʶ˳ε°ڣЩӶĭӶΪҪˣ
šüͷܾôЩ֣ҼΪ򵥣
ҡҡͷһʱҲ
ƴȻԼ׷ɱˣϲŴͣ˴ԼС첲ЩӶƴҹӶΪҪ׷ɱˣ
ǧͬҡҡͷֻ˵Ѳ⣿
ϲּС첲ͷˣ
ʱɴɴȫûһһ𣬶ģͷ·ֻ֮ʣһһ
ǧǿһۣԾˡ
գɴɴ϶ʶˣȻӶ
ǧ۾һֽĿͶĭϡ
ʱĭܣǽЩȣһоˤڵء
ЩӶˣЦ˼󣬱ֳһƽСʲôܣܰڻ䵽У
ĭվʵ̫ˣҲܲȣҿǻҽǹģ¶ұͲұ𣿡
ӶǹЦڴа񣬡£ΪɵֻҪˣ㻹ǣ
ĭû⻰ʲô˼
˼ӶһЦĭĿҲ˶⣬ֻˣŲǲ顣
ĭӸǲͣɫһ˲Ͱˣ͸ֽƵģſˮһƬ־֮ɫ
ѵЩҪԼɱ
ĭſˮһʱ֪ô졣
ЩӶаһЦѾʼĥˣСˣ㻹ǱˣԹԱɱʡƤ֮ࡣ
ǰܵһʱҲܲƬɭ֣󻹲Ҫ
Ӷһһ䣬ڳŨŨĶ⡣
ĭǵʲô˼ҿƼҼҾͲƼҹ𣿡


1046 Ҫ

ӶǶһۣ׷޿ֵƼңʱɱ㣬㶪ڻĽҰ⣬˭֪ɱģ
ûʱʬ׶ڻĽҰ⣬ʬױҵҲΪħ޽ɱģ
ĭȻɴ۾ɫҰֽ
뽫ʬ׶طħ޿ɱļ
ܣǲġĭ󺰴øһ㡣
ӶһŴĭϣŭȵ˽ʲôУ
Ϳ㲻˳ˣǶֺģܾˡ
ǣ֪ѵһˣΪûлᣬ˭ǸһͷҪɱ
ĭ˫ϵĿ־֮ɫŨ˼֣ǲ
İӶǵ˼֣нĭ°ϸһ۱ϸһƣǷƼҲֻϧǹ˵Ѫӣ˶ȤֻһЩģ㲻ú¡
ĭһ
Ầ£
Ҫɱˣܲ£
ĭҧ˫һʱ亹ðҲҲǷŹҰҪʲôҶԸǵġ
ĭָռıһһȡµصݵӶǰЩƼıвٵҩͽң¶ˣֻܷŹҡ
һӲӣҲòΪ˱ܸٱԸġ
ӶһۣһŽϵı߷ˣŭǲҪʲôֻҪЩ¸ǣ
Ӷǰڳһߵӣôм֡
ǧ˼ۣ˫һ
ӶǽȻΪǮƣǿǰıﾹȻ޶ԣͷ·Щﵱ˿նɱĭͳǵִ
ôЩǧǰһУơ
ΣûоôӶ֣ǧͷ˫кˮǳǳģȴƯ
üͷ΢ǳЩ֣ڻǣͷ·֧һ㡣
ǧƿ촽һɫҲĸоӶǲܶԱӶȴ˵ģǵֻĭֻĭͷ·ǱŵִڿԵʵ֣ǾͲˡ
γǧһۣͷоǱִ֧ˣֻнɱǲŻ
䣬üͷ壬ϵıɵ
ǧ󣬲Ūָģ񴦿ЩӶǰЩӶ࣬ǺҲִ֧ˡ
뵽շһУüͷٴν˼֡
ɭ浱Σն࣡
ϲǵ̿ˮ֧䰡ΪʲôͻȻ֮䱻֧أ
ǧ΢٣һʱҲ˵һȻ
ѽΪʲôᱻ֧أ
ɭЩʲôǧץģüͷҲ
ʱĭڱЩӶŰ
ЩӶ׾ɱĭΪŮʵ̫ɶԶһ߸ϵӣо͸ûʲôָоŷĥĭ
ĭԴΣ໺ĹҰɣĹҰɡ
˫׵ĺܣٸҵĳףһƹȥ͸ؤûʲô
ӶǺϲģªǱؤŷŮ˵ݰӶš
ĭģһӾͱ߳ѪˣʶסǣմȾѪҺҲŻ
ѪȻЩµ߳Ѫô죬Ļᱻնɱ
ĭֻûѪҺҲ񱻽ѩһúͣ͡
ҵسܿҪѰҾݡ
ûã汻ҵ˾ݣŲԶ˸Ĺâ
˺Ǹǧһ࣬ʵӦúǿӣһܹȥѰıǲǾΣˣ
ĭſˮڵŨ˼֡
Ӷǲ֪ĭС˼ǱΪĭܲģи˼֡
ĭô˻ֱȾܡ
Ӷǲ֪ĭһֱڵ
ĭȾܣȫһͷ·ֻܹӵ
ۿȽϽˣ䴽ЦȻֱУɪɪ֪ǺˣЩȾҰɣҪɱҰ
ĭקӲţҲУһֻ޹ССá
һĪؿŻеˣŮ˭
ղźɴɴ˵أŮôͻȻܽˣ


1047 û뵽

˭ۣһ䡣
ĭգգ۾ƼҼĭЩҪɱңֻҪңʱƼҵıá
۾һ仰Ҳû˵
ĭֻʣվһɴɴǧ˶˸ף֪Ǻˣ϶İɣ
˼£Ůקʵ̫Ȼôѿ
֡ü֮дżɫ
ĭţһӶУˣҲ֣ȳ־ң
ۣеɫĿҪ
Ů˺÷վһɴɴĭţڵͫһת˲֮һĨȻתģż
ĵŮˣĻΪ˭
ɴɴָ⣬еɫ˼֣˭еģЩ
䣬һƬɺɫϸһƱ˵ĺܡ
ĭȴûһק䲻š
֪ɴɴݣҲ֪ɴɴƽͦģûʲô
ɴɴԹ
ĭһɴɴĿҲ˵⡣
ɴɴקƣϵҲű˼֣Ů˾ҵƣΪԼǴˣ
ĭвȾҰɡ
䣬ŤͷһЩӶѾ׷ڼɵһʱû
һۣɫ
ɴɴأЩ˵ô£
СˣʶĿЩȻͬһɱˣӶֳֵĭš
ĭæҡͷҲҲġ
һӣЩ
ǧǰЩ۵գգ۾ĭŰԵôÿζ
ÿԼĽǧ򴽰꣬˵ĭ㻹ǻ鷳㱻ɣգȻﷴӶҪɱˣ
ϤĭȻͷͲſǧһվڲԶĵط
Ȼһģ
ǵؤһĭŴ꣬һʱ֪˵ЩʲôѰӻʱȫûǧǡ
ǣĭҲź˼Ȧ
ľǧˣŮ˺ʲôԼãԼǿҲϲǧʱȣŮ˱ԼˣͿĵĺܡ
ԼˣŮ˿ָЦĭŴ꣬ɫǽӲ֡
ǧϾؿĭɫӲԼҲø
ĭӲɫ׵ֽ
ǧ˼ۣ㽫Ŀ˻
ĭ˲˿Ҳú˼֡
ӶǼǧʲΪЩеϴ󣬱ǳ϶ЩеϴɣֻҪǸŮˣЩ˽Ů˷ŵ
ǧЦЦؿĭ򴽲
ĭͷһ£ǧţŮ˲뽫ԼƽǧгԹŮ˿϶ὫԼ뵽˴ĭͷƤ飬˸ǲ
ӶǼǧ˵ٴο˵ɣֻҪ㽫Ů˸ǣǾͽϵıȫ㣬ŮҲƼˮѣα˻ˮأ
ĭȻɴ۾ЩҪԼˣ⵽Ϊʲô
Ѿֺˣȫ֪ԼĶ
ǧҲȵüû뵽ЩӶ󷽣ĭҲУ˽ȥҲǲԡ
ǧᲦŪָ⣬ЦɰŮ˺ֻƼˮѣûҪΪƨɵġ
һ仰жĭ
ҲʥŮգһƽܺԵˣǾ˲ɵϰɣ
ĭ󣬸ѳǧˣƽгԹȴֽػ᲻Щã
ǧüģʲôõģʲôԲǵ飬ԣǲŻ׷ɱˣȻƽ˭ҵ㰡
ûУûСĭſǻ˫ҲЩ죬ǧĹҰɣûʲô飬ͻȻ˵Ҫɱҵġ
ʱǳ׼ȥѰұ˭ЩӶͻȻˣȿʼ˵ЩĻȻͻȻ˵Ҫɱ
ƴҪܣ˭֪ЩӶܵñ졣
󲻹һҩʦֿЩӶĹƣԺֻѰ˵ıӻ
û뵽ǧҪԼȥ


1048 ֻ뽫ĭɱ

ĭҧгݣǧĿҲԹ޺ŭɫ
֪ʲôǧ۾һ⻮ǳǳģȴġ
ͬ۾ĭ۾ɫͷ·ڿһһ
ĭٴһܾ÷αǧҪ£Ǵӹͷģѹ
ʵ̫ĭŴ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
Ҳ֪˶ãӶ۾ſʵôǽûУѲŮ˽ˣ
ǧüģû˿¶ȿԣǿЩŮ˴߰ɡ
ӶǱȭϺƽһĨϲɫǱлˡ
ӶǳлܿͽռָڵıȡͷЩȻѾŮ˽Щǵˡ
ҪĭٴҲĴӲĭָˡ
ĭƴҡͷͼֿ𰡣ȾҰɣҲ
ƿ꣬䣬ûҪ̫ˡ
䣬Ѿĭָȫ
ĭһӵڵأҡ
һΣڽ
ӶǼˣæקĭӽĭһֻСһûзֻ˰ڲ
ǧЩӶһ䣬Ů˾ôˣǲϧñﶼҪŮ˵
ӶǶһۣȫûκαܻ䣬ֱӿڵŮһֱֺģǾ΢µĴڣܹŮ˵ĺȥֻŮˣеҲˡ
ǣŮžͱȽᣬ˭ˣЩһֱûǵ˿ܹˣ⴦ɭΣǽɱҲû˻֪ġ
һҪŮɱ
һһģϸϸĭĲǣ˵еĺԣ·Ҫĭǧˡ
ܵǵŭ⣬ĭɲһӣеĿֲŨҶѾˣҪЩ飬ѵͲ𣿡
ĭʵ벻ͨԼôˡ
˽ңǾͰ¶ʲô
ĭҧŴ֮꣬Ҳû
ûǵˣһֱΣգᶪ飬ܹ֪𣿡
ͱƱˣҪɱ㣬ͽɱ㣬˵ٶҲûã
ĭִ˫ջ谵ûа
ǧǵĻԺȴ۾
ڻȷЩӶеȷִЩִѾȫסˡ
ֻнĭɱеִŻȥ
ɵ
ǧ°ͣ˼
ܾûô򵥣㽫ĭɱˣǵִ޷ԽԽ
˵ҪսᣬͱҵµԴͷȻԶˣݣټɴɴҲֵĺܣҲִסˡ
ǧüͷʵ벻շִԭʲô
ɴɴһֱһ𣬳ԵöҲһģΪǻշִͷȴȫûһ¶
֣ǧĦָ⣬һʱԴ񱻶һ벻͸
ӶǼǧ˵ĭҪ뿪Ȼûʲô¶Ǿ뿪ˣŮ˽ƻĺܣЩֻ֣Ҫͱʲô۶
ǧ󣬵ͷɣǿЩ˴߰ɡ
ĭ󣬻źսƿֱ꣬ӷŭǧ㾹Ȼȥ㣬㲻ú
ǧָ⣬һνģͲƼˣ㻹Ҫôվɡ
ˣˡĭøһ㣬ʹŭ
ǧɫδ䡣
ȴǳɫ˫ĺڣ絶Ҳϲ˵˵һ䣬
䣬һ˦һԵĴʯ˷ĩ֪жôˡ
˿ֹ̣ĭӶҲɫ
˺ǿĭ̿ˮŵò˵ˣΪֻĮĶѣɲ룬ͬ˪һΣա
˸ͲӶӵԲһŻ񣬵Ǿȴ˰
С˵һ䣬ǧͷͬ⣬ת
ʱһħɴɴűڣ֮оǱѩ죬Щѩ͸ÿȴ֮ûþ⣡
ЩѩһӾͷסӶǵĽŲӶֻһñѩˡ
ŤͷЩĪؿǧӢۣ㲻˵ҪˣΪΣ


1049 һ

һصİѩǧҲһ㶣ɴɴǱ߿ȥʵɴɴô£
ɴɴݺݶĭ
һ뵽ĭ˵УָֽЩܾٶ̼۾ڣֻ뽫ĭݺŰɱ
ô󣬻ˣôȥ
ɴɴ򴽣Ŀ֮г˺ҵˣ㵨Ӻܴ󰡣
ɴɴ˵仰ʱ򣬰ʮ㣬ƽůȵͲϡ
ǧ仰ԺҲԭɴɴΪɣֹӶ뿪ģ
𴽽ǣһʱ˼תҲ֪Щʲô
ʱɴɴֳַȣһϯɫƮҡȴʢԹ֮ɫ񼸺Խĭˡ
ĭҲû뵽һֳ㶶ɴɴһʱ֪ηӦ
ղŵȷˣʱֻΪԱѣ˵ʲô찡̫Щ
ټͲϲͣȥ죿
ܵϵı֮ĭŷӦ̽͵ûˣҵʱֻԱѣʲô𣿡
ɴɴվѩ֮ϣɫƮʱ߸ϵıѩŮǺǣ֣ĻУЩҽնɱ
䣬ɫеƺѩҪ֡
ĭɴ˫ʱֻñѩŸţһ˺á
ɴɴڱѩ֮ϣһĭȥŲӯѩеСһ㣬Ǳ赲ңֻŮֹҿɾͲܱ֤ˡ
ЩǶӶ˵ģǧܲЩҲǶ˵ġ
ǧָ⣬ڻһǳǳƣ¿Ի϶ɴɴִʲôִ
ԭϲִأȻȥף˾ʱеִŭҲ͸Ũ
ЩŭܿʧңɱЩˡ
뵽˴ǧͷһۣͼվһ࣬æݣ˵Ѫɲȥɱһ޹ˡ
ȴʲô˵ǧšüͷһЩ뷨ٴִɴɴʲô㲻ֹͬ
ɾִǽʧҡ
ǧŤͷȥѯʷε
δĺɺÿޱȣĻܿȾŵǹ֮ɫǵִȵýǿסȻ˭Ҳ֪ᷢЩʲô
ǧȻʡ
û
ȽǿסЩһԼ˶Ҫɱģһʱֵʰĵزôã
ɣһѰʱ䣬뽫Ǹǧ˵ţ±ˡ
εͷͬ˵
ܿ죬ǧջĿ⣬ֽĿͶɴɴϡ
ʱӶǻڼɵɴɴȴһɺɫɫżֺ˵ŭ⣬·һӾͻᱬ
ǧˣͷһ¡
ǵִѾˡҪŮˣӶǽɴɴڱһ䡣
ɴɴ䣬ȻȻŮ˸ҵˣҾۣҲŮβŮ˽ң
Ӷ붼û룬ֱӿھܾˣɣŮ˾ҲУȻŮǴҲǲ԰
ɴɴüɫִ֣ҲŮ˵ǲ뽫Ů˽ˣ
ǵģ룡ӶǺԥ
ĭֻԴҪըˣʲôСèСһţ
Щ˵ĿľͬģǶԼ
ټΧȫǱѩܲѲɣվҪˣ
ĭſˮɫҰֽҲ˾
ɴɴĭͬӣ˻ȻˣǾֻܴˣ˭˭ܵõŮˣ
ӶҲû룬ֱӾʹӦˡ
ɴɴЦһЩ˶ʲôɫѾѧ˱ϵͽ׼ܺ͸߽׼ܣҪЩˣͲڻ¡
Ӷǲ֪ɴɴ˼սһ
ӶǶһۣϡ
ɴɴӶзȣһ˲ѩ죬ڵıѩ涼ˣװĵ棬ıƺǧ
վһ࣬Ц
Ӷæ½ŲһʱЩѣǶһۣһʱ뵽ʲôսһٴϡ
ɴɴϻŷȣѩ˲ѻһѩ򣬡顱£
͵ҪӶϵʱһɫĻ
Ļһֻԡɫķˣ֮ѩȫܿͱһ̲ˮ
󣬾ˮˮʧˡ


1050 ĭ

εıʣӶǾȵصɴ۾
ɴɴҲ뵽ʲôһȻǧȥ˵ģǳֵģΪξͲأ
ǧָ⣬˵ģɴɴһģѾˣΪҪأ
ɴɴȻԭء

ôܣĺܣ
Իڣĺܣ㲻ҪңݹҲɴɴŭȣеɺɫŨˡ
Ȼǧüγ˫·ܿ͸һУɴɴ϶˵ģԣԸֲģ͸òֶΣ
䣬κǧͬʱ֡
ӣǲϴ䣬ЩӾһ㣬ǲϴȺ֮䣬գۣǽӶǣɴɴˡ
ɴɴӶͬʱס
ô°
ôˣ
Ҫκα̫ǸѲ
ɴɴŤͷͼǧŴһˣһԴִϣɴɴͨ죬ȵǧ㲻ҲˣΪʲôҪֹңѵҲŮ𣿡
ŭţüҽ̺ȫι˹
㲻ˣֻѶѡǧɫɴɴѲ˿
ĵúܣɴɴٴҲ͸ˡ
ǧһۣȴ˵
ɴɴɤӣȴûǧת⡣
ʡʡɣǲὫſġǧƿֽ׶֣ƷŵԺǵԽԽأʱͺܿˡ
ʱĭǰЩˡ
⵽ʲôǧôͻȻֽɴɴǰˣǺɴɴһ
ԼҪˣ϶ܿĵģôͻȻԼˣѲɣʲôı
ĭǧƺҪϿʲô
ǧƳͷֱӴעӣҲˣôͲΪ㣬ΪɴɴǣܻߣҲöɴɴǡ
ĭһʱ
˼ɴɴҪɱˣøж¸л
񾭲ɣ
ĭȴû뿪˭֪ɭл᲻ǱŸΣյ飬¸Ǻõѡˡ
ЩȻᣬò˵ǵʵǺģ
ĭҪ£ǧûʲôǿͳˣֻҪɵʲôΣգǧҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ʱȴǳǧǰΪʲôҪɴɴ㻹ЩˣȻ
ǧգգ۾ˣﻹһءȻʲô
ǧȴȣĿ䣬ͬ˪ҲͬС
ȴûһۣĿһֱɴɴţȫۣ£һͰȳ£ҵø·һѵ
ƽͦطεģǰִ֧ζˣҲ˲١
˵Ҫһѵ
ǧʶοһۣͼǸޱģͷ·˵ʲô޹һ
ǧԾܴпһ˿ֻҪùˡ
в֪óŭɫĿ⿴ǧ·Ҫ˸ǧˡ
βϲӲ˼֣۵Ҳ˷籩ƽ̫ºˡ
ϵĵ̸ԵŤ
βϻֱӳ֣һ˲Ȼǻɫ°ǵɳұȴΣա
û˿ôֵģֻʱѱϣȴǱһЩĵ
ܵЩӲ˶ֻûģҲ˶ˡ
ôϵħˣǧһۣѯʡ
ƿ꣬ЩȻǽѵ㲻𾴡
ǧ洽Цҷκụ̂ÿɰ
ϲѧԼҵ̵ģˣڵǷľǽѵЩҲˣŰɡ
Сǧһϲϲֵͷ
ɴɴܷ˵ĥŭôǿЩſȻݹҲ
ɴɴѾˣǧһۣӼƽϡ
ſɴɴٽ
ǧ۶ûи
վһĭȴǿЩ±ˣǧǺɴɴǹϵͦõ
ô¾¶ҿļƣڿЦ뽫ɴɴ


1051 ̽˿

«ﵽʲôҩ
ղŻ˵ɴɴѾˣʲô
ĭֻԴһѣ벻͸ǧ㵽ڸʲôɴɴһ·İɣȴǸˣͲ
ǧüĵ¶ˣôأ
ĭ󣬻Щס
ʲôв
ʳڣͱǧˣҲΪʲôֻ֪ǲѣʲôԭ򣬻ò˵
ĭӦһ뵽ǵĺҲҶʲô
ǧ°ֱֱͣĭţֱĭͷƤ飬ǧŴ󷢴ȱʵˣЩһ¡
ʲôĭһڳ˼ɵ
ǧȫû⣬ʵЩӶǽշڷ֮ǰʲôһһһ˵ȻҲһ
ĭȴȫףЩʲôãЩӶͦǾҪɱңȡѡ
ǧ´ۣڳЦҲ˵ġˡ֪Щˡʲô𣿡
ʲôĭͷһͻȻûô򵥣
ڻɱɱɣƽЩëƤС¶ǧһı飬ǿĵԭǿԿģѾòֱִ֧䣬Ż᲻ƺɱľٶ
ĭɫףҲ뵽ʲôһȻЩӶ
ǡ
ǧŪָ⣬˵ûѾִ֧ˣȻΪƽӲӶԱӶ
ĭӲɵɴ˼֣˵ӶôܻԱӶԭǲ˰
ǣĭָɴɴ
ǧüҲˡ
ĭʶͷԭѾô
ԣøңڱò֮ǰûʲô쳣ǧǰһ°Ҳһֱ̧ӵζҪҲúһɣ
䣬ǧЩ棬ӶǶòˣôĭţĪǣˣ
ĭɷףŲúһһִ̫Լͱ˿ôã
Ŭ룬ȴûҳʲô˿ӶǵĽͲʱȥǵı仯
УЩӶ͸ӶһֻҪǸɻͳˣб仯Ҳˡ
֪ûӶǧ̾һһ˵ٻ˵Ҳ˵ӶȥЩطЩûȥģ
Щ˱ò϶ĸطմȾЩʲô
ûܵӰ죬ûȥǵطҳǸطҵԴͷʱҶָܻԭ״ˡ
ĭգգ۾һŵƽȥʳˮҶȥģҲ֪ǧС㣬ȥʳˮ
ǧһΡ
ʳˮ
ȷʳˮմȾණģǣʳǳԵĶһΪʲôƫƫɴɴǾˣ
˵ʳﲢؼģ
ôʣµľˮ˿ˮƽȵҲһģΪʲôƫƫɴɴأ
ǧֳĭһۣĭ϶ҲӶǳԵһΪʲôûأ
Ҳ˵еĲʳﱾѰʳˮǸطѰʳˮʱҪĵطܶܶ࣬ǸܽƬɭһһŲ飿
ǧšüһʱ䷸ѡ
ĭ򴽽ǣڳ˼뵽ϾĺܣʲôҲû˵
ǧ°ͣĿתʱȻ
ˣ
ϴɴɴ˵ڼʱŪ֣ȥϴˣϴֵĹв֪ʲôҧƣʱѪˣɸԼʱ˿ھˡ
ǧʱûоʲôԣͻȻܾòԾĵط̫ϴֵʱôͻȻѪأ
²Ǳʲôҧ˰ģ̌һ۱㿴Ƭ޴ĺӳľ䣬Եĺһ޴ľӣ·ǵĸֳ
ţͻȻһݣԾȥ߿
ȥʲôĭ̲סһ䡣
ǧһۣĮܻҳԴͷǲȥ¡
ĭһЩӶɴɴڶԼеĺɱⲢδ㱻ţͷƤٴη顣
ȥɵӲŻ£̫˰Ǳ໰ǧ鵭û˿¶ȡ
κͷϲҲ˿п޵Ŀ
ĭգȴֲҷֻܰࡣ


1052 ݷ֩

ߵýϷĲǴۣǧһۣٽĿ˻ں߸
ŸѲû룬һϤϤһѪ˴Ӳݴ˳
˻ѪȫǱȴúܣҲŨ
ǧһۿȥͷ˻Ǹ˾Ǹϳ̷ɣ
ԼҪǸӶҲ֪δˣŶӵĹϵ㲻ôھǱ
ŶӵЩأ
һͷǧԺڣŶЩˣҲִ˰ɣ
ϳ̷ɣǧỽһ
ĭſˮʶ
ϳ̷ʶɼ˫ȫûκα֧Ļɫ³һ
ģ
ϳ̷ɻЩģһ䡣
ǧѾԿ϶ϳ̷Ҳ飬ҪһЩҵĶѾѪ
Ȼġǧʹĺܣ˵Ҳˣ
ϳ̷һʱûзӦɵͷʱ򣬱㿴ԶϰźЩˣЩڻǲɺ죬ŭɫɱһͲʲôˡ
۾һſ˵ǰҲŶӵЩ˲֪ô˾ͻȻ˺ǰֹȴҵвֻܳ
ӦˣЩ˾񷢷һ㣬Ҳֱӷ˺ݣҲ˲١
ǧųȥƺΪһЩûмѪ
ϳ̷ɿЦһȷأҵĺЩֵܶˡ
ǧ۾ȴû˵
ںʲôϳ̷סؿڣͻȻһ䡣
ǧοһۣ˵ҷµԴͷƬйء
ϳ̷գգ۾Ƭ뵽ʲôһæǽһ֩ʬȡ鷢ʱ񸽽֩룬ֻ֩볤ַǳģ۾ȴĺɫͼңȴɱˡ
֩ʬϳ̷ϡ
ǧһۣһ
ֻ֩ôһ˰ɶȫģĺܣټ˫ĺɫ۾ôô죬˵ִĺڹѸ
ֻ֩룬񸽽ҵģǧһ䡣
ϳ̷ɵͷûģѾԼʶ
ǧͷһһֻǵ֩룿
ǧ˼ʱĭͻȻһö֩ˡ
ǧ󣬲Ťͷһ
汻˺Щ֩룬Щ֩ͨڣӶĺɫģֻ֩һģһǵȴֻ֩С˺ܶࡣ
Сɣ
ΪʲôһôȺȴôС
Ϊʲô
ǧٶ룬æϵħ
ৡһɫĻڷҡҷͣЩɫ֩ˣŵٴλصˮУȥǻᱻġ
֩ǵľٶǧٴһЩ֩Ǵˮģ
ǧæ׷ȥˮһֻһۣ㵹һ
ˮ׺һƬƬɫУȴܿһ˫˫ĺɫ۾֩룬һֱݷˮףѰ֩룡
ǧˣͷƤ
ˮ׵֩гɰǧ˰Щ֩ȫܼܳ־߿϶ܲˣˣǧ㿴ŻЩæǽĿƿǿˮкЩ֩롣
һæǳȥһƼǱˮ׵ĺɫ֩룬ǵͷƤҲŷ
죡
Ȼгɰǧ֩룬Щ֩뾹ȻǱˮײҪ˵ûй֮Ǿǲŵġ
ϳ̷ɿˮµ֩룬ֻøղ˵ĵطЩˮ׵Ķ֩𣿺ҴͬһƷ֣
ǧƿ꣬ȷͬƷֻ֣ˮ׵֩ͷǱ֩Щʲôɡ
ϳ̷󣬻һʲô
뵽ɴɴıҧˣǧۣǲ²ǣѪ
ϳ̷ɾ뵽ʲôһ˵ˣǰЩǵŶӵͻȻѪˣ˿ڲ΢ԿŵҩȬˣҲû⣬Ǳ֩ҧİɣ
ǧǵġ
ϳ̷̿ˮǲǸûб֩ҧ
ĭˮµ֩룬ҪŻˣô֩룬Ҳ̫˰ɣЩ֩ҧˣĻЩһ
ǧŤͷЦЦؿǶ֪ԿʱǱˣǱ֩ˡ


1053 ͨɫ

ĭ󣬴ΪɵǱҧˣһһֱô죿
ǧʼ磬˵
ĭ죬ȴֲΣһǧһ˳ģأ
ʱҪ֩ҧòΣ
뵽˴ĭһ£ˮһԶ
ϳ̷Ҳ˼ˣֿ¶ſһۣ;ȫˡ
ǧߵԣʵΣ֪Щ֩ʲôƷֵ𣿱ҧһںΪܽǱģ
νź棬üͷҲ֪˶ãǿڵûв´Щ֩ӦϼصĻ֩롣
ϳ̷ɺĭɫһ䡣
ǧȴһãȻգգ۾֩룿
δЦŽ͵ֶ֩ѰǼˣһֶϲϢˮУͻܳҧһʳѪҺ
ǧš
΢Ƭ̣˵Ǳ֩ҧˣܽǱеִȫеЩʲôֻҪҧ˾ͻ޷Ŵǳһʰ
ǧ󣬲Ȼ
ЩӶܲĭ裬еִ뽫ĭɱɴɴǶϲű˴ˣȴ˵Ҳǵִ
һ֩ҧǵִͻ޷ŴΨдĿģĲݣ
мֲҲնɱɴɴǧĭһۣ֮ƴżЦ⡣
ĭָ⣬ܾĿЩ⣬ʲô
ǧЦЦûþͽĿƿˣΣҪЩˣָôأ
ƿ꣬ӳչµ״ÿ˼֣ЩС֩ɴ֩ɣҪЩˣͱҵ֩룬ȡ̲صĶҺЩҺǷȥԺЩƵ״̬Ȼͽˡ
Զǧ˫һ
εȴû˵
ǧŷεüۣǣ֩Ķ
ζźף΢Ƭ̲ŵС֩ȫںף֩ӦҲں׵
ǧҲʶźס
ôǱ뵽ˮףҵ˴֩Ǹսأ
һ˵˺׶޷İɣʱ򣬿ɱԼǧĿջأЩɵ֩Ҳ棬ǿǱˮһ̽ҵ˴֩룬ˮսأ˵ģǱǾͼֲ˶á
δһʱû˵
ϳ̷ԺҲ˼ּɵֵǣǱˮ׺ˮ˿ôã
ĭһӣǱˮף
ֲӾЩ˵ûˣƾʲôǱˮװ
ȥˮףɱҰҿɲһ𷢷ġĭ̬ȼ
ϳ̷ĭһۣλƼҵμǵС£һͷûС
ĭ֪ϳ̷Щʲôߵȫĵطվãһֳʲô֩룬ҧ˿ɾͲˡ
ǧһۣЩЦҲû뵽ĭȥˮףֻҩѣȥҲǸ׸
ܵǧĿ⣬ĭһΪڴʲôˡ
ǧֿһۣŽĿ˻ȥ
ĭˣ˿
ϸƬ֮󣬱Ǵӿռָͳ˼ӣЩͨɫӳʱ·ˮܣĨ⻪Ө󣬺ÿǳ
ǧĿһӾͱ˹ȥʵЩŲǷƷʲôӰ
δǳЦ˵Щӽжˮ飬ˮ֮ǴӣͲ»ˮˣˮж磬͸½һ㡣
ǧһȣӾȻ棬˵ǾˮҲûˣ
εҲ
²˳٣ˮȥǧֳ˳ε䡣
ȻǴӦˡ
ϲҲСԴףҲҪһȥ
ǧûʹӦˣˮж磬ټϷεʵǿϲָǶȻûΣյġ
½ϣͱȽΣˣħޣһЩС֩ܳҧô죿
ɲ÷ϲִ½ϣ罫ߣ
ϲּԼԸԼϵЦݸΪ˼֣ǧƣЦ׷ģһܹԣ鷳ġ
֪ˡǧЦŽϲֱ
վһû˵ȴų顣
һദøгĭ򴽽ǣðݡ


1054 Ҳȥ

ǧûĭһۣתͷͿϳ̷ɣжˮ飬ʹˮҲûˣأҪҪһˮȥ
ϳ̷ɶŷеɫСӣЩȡ
˵ǺˣĶȻӵôࣿ
ң˺ǰи״ܾЩϤ˵Ƶϳ̷ֿһۣα鵭Į̿ˮæǽĿ˻ȥЩɵģСӣǲˮĻЩҲֻˮҵЩֵܱܲȰɡ
ԣ»ǲ£ǧüһ
ϳ̷ƿ꣬ԥȥġ
ǧ󣬱ͷɣһŶˮɡ
ϳ̷СһŶˮ飬õԺСĵؽӷĴС
ǧת״Ʋĭһۡ
ӴĭһΪҲԼȥףĭ̿ˮæǾܾǱȥףǲȥġ
ԸڰϣҲҪȥס
һ̫֩һһնɱأ
ǲȥðյģʱʲôΣֱӾˣﲻģҪû˻Ҫʲô
ǧ˫飬ҿûһͬȥף㲻ǸҩʦȥҲǸ׸ѡ
ĭҧʶҪƳǧ䵭üۣŵò˵ˡ
ǧЦЦؿƼҿٸһᣬһȥĻұΪѽϡ
ĭ˲侪ΣգҲŲȥ
ǧ𴽽ǣƼɵüסˣԼѡһʲô¶ͱԹκˡ
ĭһ½ϿɱȺװȫˣĻʲôΣҪΣҲԼ¶ޡ
ǧ䴽ȴû˵
ĭĿͶ˱𴦣ŲʲôΣأ½ؿɱȺװȫˣҪΣգҲǧꡣ
Ǵ֩϶׺Ľǧвˣ
ĭ䣬Ҳǣʲôʱ
Ͼȥˡ֪ЩʲôǧƳͷЦüΪӣôߵҲһȥˣ
ĭɴ۾أ̧˼֣˭˵Ҫȥˣ˵˵
ǧЦһ㲻˵
εĭһۣƿĿȥɡ
һ۳⣬ʹĭܸо˱˪֮С
ĭһӣɫҰס
ǧȴΪ˿Լһһ˺ס
ͨͨˮĽĭź潦ˮһĨԹ֮ɫ׸ֶ
һȺɵѰҴ֩ˣ浱ԼӢ۰һЩɵ˶ѣֵΪǱˮ𣿡ĭź治ǧǸСˣҷңһñ֩ԵǸСһͬԵ
˼ܾ泩˺ܶࡣ
ɵתʱͻȻвٺ֩Ӻ
ĭɴ۾ҪתܵɵϺ֩˫ĺɫ˫ʱôҲʹˡ
аٲܣҪ֩ҧͼ˶˫ȣǷ˫ûκʱ֩Ѿ˳ĴȻţûã͵ӵĵط
֩תҧȥĭ۾ʧ
ǵ͸棬ֱס
ˮѲģ̌Ͽȥ
ôˣ쳣̲סһ䣬ΪǶˮʧˡ
ǧջĿ⣬ҡҡͷûʲôǺ˾ĭ˰ɡ
ɫԼѡ񣬲ȥ
ǧЦŵͷûԼѡҪʲô¶͸Լ򵥣
ǳЦ
ǧŶˮ飬̽
ƬˮϿ峺տԽǧԽˮĺܣǲĺˮƮѾȳˮ壬вʻУŻ
Ŷˮ飬ȻȳĺףҪȥһˡ
ǱǱһɸΪŵζƮɢ˹ǧһڣ³
šǧһҲ˼֣ζǸʬĳζҲǷ˺ü죬Ѿõʳ
ϲͬűӣ޿ףζĺţΪˮɾ¿϶Ҳ˭룬ġ
ȷʵġǧ̾һһͷһѣ̰ɣҵ˴֩룬ȡ˶ҺǾܻȥˡ


1055 һȽСĶѨ

ΪˮףǧͷʱֱһѳˮŪͦĵġ
ϲЩԺ󣬱ɵز˵ˡ
ţֻҪȡ˶Һܻȥˣı
ɣǧοع𴽰ꡣ
Ǳ˼ףǰĺˮ˲䲻һ͸˹͸Щǧǰĺˮɾ͸ͺ񱻹˹һ
ͷ˿͸Щˮľ
ˮҡҷıǶѵڵϣССϺιģֻܿɫС֩һԵʯͷ
ǧЩȵü룬׵ôõطˮôɾҲƯôһԴɡ
ϲͬҲǾȵգգ۾ףŵζûˣ
ǧ˿ûŵʲôζֻúˮЩ£ζûˣױж죬Ŵ֩Ǳڰ
οǰľɫûκα仯
ϳ̷ȴҲһȣ׵羹ȻƯ񻰱ˮ쿴ﾹȻиɽϲָŲԶɽʶһ
ǧŤͷ˹ȥֻһۣǱ㵹һ
ֻˮӳ䣬һںɽǰɽڵͬԨһȥͻᱻûһ
ϳ̷ɼˣ̿ˮôһɽ
ΪȻǱŴ֩룬Ҳڻһɽ񣬾һںɽǰɽһͲͨ
ǧǰɽ۾޴ɽһ·ֻС֩룬δ֩룬ɽأ
κͷϲֲ
ϳ̷ȴǸΪɵɽɽģǽȥ˷ôã
ʱ򣬻᲻ܵ֩ͻȻ
뵽˴ϳ̷ɲһӣһʱ侹Щѡ
ǧǿԥ˵ǺˣڶǣҲԻصϡ
ϳ̷Щҡɵ򴽰꣬Ǽ˼֣˰ɣһǸһͬ뵽ѨУҵЩֵһҪġ
ɣǾһȥɡǧһۣܿ콫Ŀ˻
䣬˺ܿεѨڡ
ýѨеİΪӳУɫֵЩܺͲϳ̷ȶӶûҲ͵ںˡ
ǧٴƳͷȻѾ׼ˣǾͽȥɡ
̿ˮڽ뵽˶ѨС
Ѩл谵ֲָġ
ǧšüͷֻáৡһһɫСƼڣ˲ͽ谵ɽ
ɽһͷһоӳС
ɽܴܿһ뵽󣬱ܲˮĴˣɽһˮԴƵġ
ɽȴԾЩʪһЩ̦޺ʪĵطģҲˡ
ǧһסϲ֣СһЩЩ̦޺ܻ
ϲ͵صͷŲ뻬
Ҳֽǧס·ƽȡ
ֻ֪ڻԼǧͷһů̲ס̧һЦ
ƿֹ꣬˹СӣСŵ㣬ɱˤˡ
ǧ𴽰꣬Ц㻤ţҲŲ£
һΣֳûע⵽ʱæǴͷǧСһڡ
ܵεϢ¶ȣǧӵɵô󣬾Ȼ͵Ϯˣ
أôô󵨵İǧüƺЩƵζɵĴʦȻ͵飬Ǳ֪һӢͻˡ
ҡҡͷҲ¡
ǧһû˵
ǰϳ̷ȴ֪ڸʲôΪǺԼһʱ̽䱸š
ûãһâˣϳ̷ЩϲָǰĹ⣬ǰһ⣬᲻Ǵ֩ĳѨˣ
ǧȻѣֽε˫ƿǴ֩ĳѨǿԹȥҪһЩɱݾˡ
õ׿ϣϳ̷ɵľٶС
ܿ죬ǼͽӽһŹâǹâһȽСĶѨ
ǶѨʢâǱҹһ買ǳɾ貣Ծмֹζ
ϳ̷̿ˮǰСѨǲҽȥ
ֱѨܲ򵥣ֻ֩϶ǱͷҪȥ𣿡ϳ̷ŤͷСһ䡣
ǧЩЦǶѾȻҪȥģҪǰˡ
ϳ̷صͷ
Ǻܺ£˭СɽŹ죬һΣո


1056 ȻĴʦ

ϳ̷һӶƽΣյ٣ǰСɽ⾯ӡ
ϳ̷ɻǾᣬǧǰһİͷ̽ȥ˼ۡ
ֻһۣǧ㷢ɽֻǿȥСһЩѣʵͷǺܴģտĺܣȫû֩Ӱӡ
֩𣿡θһ䡣
ǧҡҡͷͬСûУҪٿ
Դ
ͷδɣȥʪģɷȴЩ֣
ǧͷϸ濴ۣ䴦ʱβһҲɴ˼֣ͷ·ǿʲô˼Ķ
ôˣüʡ
ϲ۰ͰͳţͻȻЩ档
վһϳ̷ȴ̿ˮͷǺ˼֡
Ҳǧ֡
˳ķȥͼ䴦һž޴֩ϵ֩˿̷ǳ·κζû֩˿նϡ
ϣȻݷһֻޱȵĺɫ֩룡
֩ģͷС֩һͬǺģҲͬһ˫ĺɫ۾ȴС֩Ǵٱ
˾޴󣬺һܽʮɸɾ
βſһۣ֪ҪҵĴ֩룬ҪҵĴ֩룬ԭǱں׵ĶѨУֲúˮлݷôС֩룬Ϣĵطˡ
ǧᳶ
ǰЩӺ˺еˮֲúˮЩЩ͸ɬԭ⾹Ǻ֩ϢĵطǧüϵıҲЩᣬ֪ͲȺеˮˣŪЩˡ
ϲͬͣҲǺˮУöġ죬֩ô󡣡ϳ̷ҲѨп˿ֻһСһδô֩룬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȷ˵ĺܡǧӦһĿȴڴ֩ѡ
֩븹ĵطĹҵģĺ˶ţʱضᱬըһʵڶĵĺܡ
ǧţֻͷƤЩ飬֩븹ĵطӦþҺĵطɷεͷҺڸ֩뺦˲ǳɱȡ˶Һͳˡ
˵Щʱû˿¶ȣȴɺÿ쳣
ǧӷεģЦƣͷЩˣҲкЩ˱֩ҧˣΪ˲ñٴη֩뻹ɱȽϺá
С֩ѾôˣĻֻҪסˣʱ뿪ɭȥɾͲ̫ˡ
ٴԴһʱҲ
ǧֿ˿ڣֻ֩һģƺ˯
ֻ֩˯ǧָָ֩룬˵һ䡣
εĿ֩΢˯ɣǻǵСһЩ
ǧͷڷᳶһ£ǲǸһս⣿֩벻ѰЩѶԸ
üͷûһ£ڣġ
Ҳ˵ӮˣǧЦŵ٩һ䡣
ǰ䴽ЦǳǳЦڹâӳԵøʥ
ģ̌һֻۣһĻ㱣һ´ǣſ˵ǾͲսˣɣ
ɡƿ꣬Ŀһֱǧ
ϳ̷ǵĻû
սҲˣô£
ǱΪ׵ģ˵;һҲˣȫԱĿǰ
һ֩ô죿
ϳ̷شŲһʱ䶼֪ôźá
Ĳս𣿡ϳ̷Сһ䡣
ǧŤͷĿҲϳ̷ϣսҼҷδӮء
ϳ̷ǲᳶ
ǺǣӮ
Ҳ̫˰ɲôЩϤ
ϳ̷ü룬ɾȵصɴ۾ѵǴ˵Ǹǳģȸ½ĴʦΣ
ϳ̷ٴδ˷μۣžĴЩĪϤǲ˵ȸ½ĴʦƮƮһϯ鶯£һ˫ָǬ
̿ˮŷεЩη
Ǵ˵еĴʦĿӮ
ϳ̷뵽˴⼤ǴʦֵĻֻ֩϶ڽڰ˵ģ
䣬ϳ̷еļɫԾûȥŨ˼֡
⾹ȻǴʦȻĴʦϳ̷ſˮðβŽеļ֮ѹȥ
ǧգգ۾һʱڿ񽫷εݸ¶˲ʵۣ£Ǵʦı־
ֻҪ۾ˣ϶ڵһʱ佫ݲ³


1057 Һʹ֩˵

ʦ㻹ǧִ֣εְ
˫ȥϸĴУر
ţȴǲ
ǧҲգְִ治ͣһкӣֶÿֲÿŮô찡
ֺܺÿǳ˵˵ģҿɲܡ
ǧĶʱĨһģƿ׷һڣһ뵽иˣҲʹͷ
Ϊ˵ϳ̷ɼһֱǳ鴤
˵ȸ½ĴʦӵĮסͤдӲţȸʵ۵ӶǴЦЦЩ磬˵黰ô£
˵ȸ½Ĵʦ
ʵǿվǶԼҲܴϸܵһЩǿѹЩѹأѹԼ
ԣȸ½Ĵʦɡףǲ֩𣿡ϲҧָͷЩʡ
򰡣ܿʹˡǧЦ
ϳ̷ע⵽ǻһ⺢ӽǡףҲ˵ǴʦεĺӣŮˣǴʦεӣ
ֲãǵĹϵã
뵽˴ϳ̷ҲȻˣ˵еĴʦǸ֮ˣ˭ܱ֤׵Ĵʦָܱ᣿
ϳ̷ɴƣȴָӡ
ʱֻӰǧͷѾȳ֩˹ȥ
һŻϵħһϵħ
ħΪǿԶϳ̷ҲܵħĲ
ЩڿţһӾɽеձ˱䣬ϳ̷̿ˮҲȥ
ĺǿʱܵǿѹĴ֩Ѿ˯ˣЩҲЩŭ˭˯ʱͷѹǰɣ
֩תĺɫĴ۾ɨΧ뿴ĸ۵Ķ
ɨһۣ㷢ֶѨо֪ʱˣһһŮϵѹϢþˣ·һӾܽѹô
֩ĺɫ۾ǰһһŮţǺˣ
֩һŮ˵ȥͼϸżʵζ˸оܲˬ
ǧ֩뿴һۣǲ˼֣ȴûڵһʱ俪˵ĵųһӡ
θֶҲû˵鵭Įĺܣȫû֩
֩ԼˣЩǺˣͻȻڶѨҲͰˣ¾Ȼң
֩˳֩ײʱͻȻͣסˣĵؿ˼ǰŮһ˫ĺɫڸ͸һɶ񶾵Ĺâ
ȻһЩȥǱȽϿɿڵģܸоĵȼҲܲǽǳԵĻԼˡ
֩ţںܿ¶̰֮ɫ
̰ǧȻ֪֩ڴʲô⣬ŽǳԵֱǳ룡
ǧ߳һһ֮ɫŷ
û˵ɢǿϢȴô֩һ˲
֩㶿ŷΣͷҲڲϴŹģ˿ȥǿӡ׾ۼŵС֩룬ĺӰɡǧֱֱŴ֩룬ʣõȴǳ䡣
ȫҵĺʲô𣿡֩ûг֣Ǿ棬̽̽˵
ǧ۾ɽָ⣬Щҧˣеִȫ˳ǵܲãҪڵĶҺܽǾκá
֩Ȼɴ۾Ҳʱ֪ĿģǾȻΪڵĶҺ
ĶҺȫڸУҪڵĶҺȡȻҪʿģһʿҲˣٲãܻΣգ
֩뵽˴ĺɫҲԹ֮ɫǾȻҪڵĶҺֱǳ룡
ǧһۣû˵
֩ٴŲӣһߵǰ࣬ﲻҰĵطǼȻˣվͱܹѣ
䣬΢ţһ˵ľٶҲѾҪ˳Եˣ
ǽ˷ŵĻڷŻɽǽǳԵԼûк֮ǣҲһ
֩ſˮе̰ͲѪŨ˼֡
ʱѨϳ̷ںͷϲִ۵Сۡ
ǾɵվڶѨ⣬Ҳ֪òýȥ
ϳ̷ǧڸ֩˵ʱȫһ£ǴʦŮˣȻҸôײеĴ֩˵
ǲҵģ


1058 ɢһصĶҺ

ϳ̷ЩɵؿͷĴ֩룬֮̿ˮСʵ׺͵Ѿȥˣڸô죿
ϲҧСָͷһ۶**Ĵ֩룬ֻöĵĺܣԺÿЩ;ȥմ֡
̫֩ȥûˡ
ǲȥͷǵʤˡϲ̧̧Ƥĵ˵һ䡣
ϳ̷һЩȡ
С϶ֿˣǰС򶨵ľȻһҲԼĸĸ
ϳ̷򴽽ǣ⿪һ䣬㲻ȥͲǳ¶
ϲգգ۾ûκε֮ɫŲأ׺͵ģֻ֩Ȼó󣬵ǵ׵Ķֻ֣ҪźϢͿˡ
ôţϳ̷ɵٴγһ¡
˵ͦԣǧͷεȷǺˣӦֻܽ˵֩룬նɱİɣ
ţ**һ
ϳ̷ɳһֺ֩뷢ģԭվ֩˾Ҳϣܿ͸֩һ
˵ĹƼΪǿֵʱɢΪǿ
顱
˵ħһǧĻȷǳεϵħǿƺܽһиɽ̿
ǡ顱ħֱӴ˴֩ϣ֩㲻ħ֮۵ȫΣ߸Ǻвͣ
ۡ
ɶ࣬ôңҺЩˣһҪǺÿ
֩۵ڵϴҲбƵĵطһӸڵĶҺܿͽŪˡ
ЩҺһأ󷢳һȳŵζ
ŵЩζǧʶס˿ڱǣζţȻȳǸǺȥҪѬˣ
Ҳŵ˶Һζıȴûκα仯·ЩҺζܺһѾִ񣬾ǺȶҺҲδؼǵסҺζ
ǧɳϿȥ¶һĨţ⻰˵ĺúڰ
䴽ǳЦһ˲ͬůÿ쳣
ʱ֩ϵʹ޲ýŮǧˡ
Ů˵ĵЦֱû
֩뿴ֻˣһٴϡ
һΣһŮŪ÷飡
һ˲䣬**ɱȻ
θܵԺһݣϵЦҲȥ˼֣һ֣һɫĵϮ
ɫĵɫûһǵʹ˴֩ϡ

֩ʹغҲ֪˶ô֩ǲˣоȻһӿζ
ǧһֻ֩ѾˣȫƤЩ⿴ȥӨģź񻹲ӡ
һ뵽֩ѿģǧ˳ĳ嶯
ȻѾˣǲ򰡡ǧǾ߱ʬ壬Щģ֩븹ĶҺҲ˰ɣ
Ͽһۣ㿪˵֩ĸܼ̣Ӧûô׿죬ҸղҲ˺ܶࡣ
ǧһ顣
ܽһֻ޴ޱȵ֩뿾ɽ̿
ֹȻᡱǧɵͣһ£ŽһĻ˵˳
Ҳûòԣһͽذײ֩ĸһ˲ճĶҺȡһСƿӣװЩҺ
װһƿӣȡһƿӡ
ȷС֩ҧж٣װһЩ϶ǲģ
վͷϳ̷ȴЩļղ֩ĺҲص顱һģҲ֪ʲôˡ
ײ˰ɣϳ̷̿ˮʶһ䡣
ϲָָѨͷЦôܣֻ֩뱻ſˣһˣͷơ
ϳ̷ɵʱֲ֩û濴ϲ˵ϳ̷ͷЩᣬȷûѨﴫʲôˣѲɣ֩ıˣ
һֻǿ֩밡Ǿô̵ʱ佫֩ɱ
ϳ̷򴽽ǣЩţĽŲȴһŲҲ׼ȥƶ**Ǹʲô
ɵ濴ȥʱ˾ʹԭء
죬ֻ֩ıɱˣұɱʮֳףƤģϸһǱˣ
ϳ̷㶵ؿǰһУˣԾЩ㱣Ҳΰɣֻ֩ıɱˣ
ıɱˣɽﻹŵζأϲ򴽽ǣ뵽֩ѿģʹ˳ͷζôŨ˵֩ѾĲˡ
ϳ̷ᣬŵ˲ζ


1059 ʲôð취

ϳ̷ٴνӵɴŴǣ㱵׺͵ұΪҪɱֻ֩룬ỨѺܶʱ䣬˭뾹졣
ֻת˲֮ѣ
ϲֹ˹СƤΪԺȻˣ׺͵һֻСС֩϶ǵĶ֡
ϳ̷ɵǳ鴤һ¡
һֻСС֩룿
һֻ޴󣬶ʵ˵֩룬϶мܡ
ʱǧͷѾװ˶Һɽ߳
ϳ̷æӭȥʵѾװҺ𣿡
ǧζеƿӣЦѾװˣء
ϳ̷̧һ㿴ƿװճҺ壬ЩҺ͵ģЩ죬ЩҺܰЩκ
Ҳֻ룬ϸͲʳ
ȻѾȡҺ壬ǾȻȥɡǧƿռڣַͷ϶ѾˣٲЩȥĻҲ֪ͷôˡ
ϳ̷Ҳ뵽һ㣬æǵͷҲЩЩȥɣ
ǼӿŲܿ뿪ѨʱС֩ƺ֪֩ѾˣǳȺӣӵ
ǵĸ׾Ȼ˵ô°
ղŻúõС֩ǱøҲΪûĹǣǾͷӬһҴš
ܵǧǸǰС֩벻һӡ
ЩϵѹǿǻЩŵԼ׵ĶҺϢѲɣǵǱЩɱģ
Сֹ֩ƺЩˣκʵ⣬ǱһҲǴ򲻹Щ࣬޷Ϊױ
С֩ǲ˺󼸲Ҳ¶˼ֿ־֮ɫУܳȥǻᱻɱģ
۰ͰͳǧǣڴżֳͲ֪ôˡ
ЩС֩Ҫɱ𣿡ϳ̷ָָϵС֩룬һ䣬ЩС֩ŵĻ϶ֻİɡ
ǧҲʶǰЩ֩룬С֩Ҳùǳɼһպյģһ´꣬һʱ侹Ҳˡ
ң֩Ķ࣬Ҳܻ֮İɣʱܻĸӸӡ
֩ô࣬һʱ϶Ҳնɱİɡǧ°ͣһ䣬а취Զطȥͺˡ
ȥҲͲẦˣҲ÷Ѿ˼ȥնɱˣȫ
ϳ̷󣬲˱ⴽǡ
Զţ
ôõ鰡ϳ̷Ȼô룬ȴû˵
ǧҲ΢Щգʲôð취أ
ʵа취ġͻȻɫճϣ˲佫ĺĹ˳
ǧ˫ҹ貵飬ʲô취
ϲ̧ۣͬ˫ؿŷΡ
Цһһſ˵ҿһ󷨣ȥĴ½գһЩС֩ͳȥˡ
ǧһ;ӦǸţƵ󷨣𣿡
ţ΢΢üɫƺ䰵һЩ
ǧˣæǿ˵Ȼ˵Ȼŵģˣ󷨻᲻ܷʱ䣿
ҡҡͷģܿͺˡ
ǧ䴽Ц
ϲҲֺ֣Ǻǵ
ϳ̷Ҳû뵽λа취֮˶ԭأȸ½ĴʦȻָ߼Ķ
Żԭʼİ취С֩һһնɱնɱҲ֪ܲܽ֩ȫնɱɾ
ϳ̷˵һ࣬ʶȤû˵
ЩǴУŲ˵
δӿռָȡһЩЩںΧһ󷨣һ˲䣬Χһ͸ϣС֩ǵȥ·Ӳͷ
ǧ󷨵ЧãӲɸ˼֣û뵽󷨵ЧȻãҲЩС֩ȥˡ
εͷ
ϳ̷һʱҲЩ治Ǵʦԭվһ˱뿪⴦ףִﰶϵʱɫҲһЩΧҲǾĵġ
ǧûϵħϵ·ɣŤͷ˿Χ
ΧĺܰҲ֪ĭȥˣǧһʱ侹ȻûпǱ֩ҧ˰ɡղǸƼأϳ̷ûĭӰѯţôƲˣԼ˰ɣ
ϳ̷ɾĭƷôܵĿԺܴ
ǧЦһȴûн͡
ղĭĲҽˣʲôΣգĭĹϵͲãҲûҪʲô
˼Ƿֵһ̯Ѫա
ϳ̷ɶŵϵѪղЩȻôЩѪգǳ˰ɣ


1060 ¶Һ

Ǹոȥ׵ʱ򣬵ϻûѪա
µطȻôѪգѲɣǲڵʱΣյ鷢
ǧŵϵѪգҲ΢΢ס
öѪѪǱ֩ҧĻ϶ôѪģ⵽ôһأ
ǧšüͷͷһ¡
⣬ɴɴǲ°ǧæȹڣɴɴڵĵطȥ
ۣŷϲֿ첽ȥ
ýһЩǧҲ½ŲǱ߿һۣ˿
ɴɴû¶ö˶˱ء
һŲͷĿЩؿǧǣǧҪҰʲôʱ˵ҺΪƫҪǣ
ǧǰзһ˿⣬УһԴˣӦ÷ǳֶΣѾ뵽Ǳķˡ
䣬Сƿӣһɴɴȥ
ɴɴеСƿӣֻƿʢɫҺ壬ЩҺģŶķǳ
ǧҪʲôֶĵҺʲôɴɴ󺰴Ҳ
ֱƿĿ϶ʲôö
Һ壬ȻǸԵİǧ˻еҺ壬ЦŵԶ֪˭Ǳôˣ
ɴɴɵɴ˼֡
ʲôЩҺҪǳԵģ
Һôģȥ°ɣ
ɴɴܣһʱ侹ҵֶĵĶҲŲȣЩֶߣöİ
ǧҪɴɴԶĵĶŭȵǸҶɴɴһëҾͶǲˡ
£Ҳǲģǧȫûľϡ
ɴɴԹԺⶫͺˡǧٴǰһԿɴɴظˣǲҲֻǿˡ
ɴɴȫǾɫɱҲȣҲЩණߡ
ɴɴе죬ЩˣǿЩס֣
ǧܲˣŤͷοȥΣЩҽɴɴס̫ˣὫƿӴ򷭡
οǰɴɴվס
ˣɴɴͼȴôҲˡ
ǧ⣬Ҳ˵³ؾͽɴɴҺ˽롣
ҺǣɴɴʹؿͼҪȽĶҺ³ɶҺѾǣ²
Ҳ֪˶ãɴɴͻȻЩ鴤һ£˹ȥ
ôɴɴͻȻεˣǧЩġ
֣õģֻǶҺЧѣٹһɴɴȫѹˡ
ǧеĵҲɢȥŤͷȻɴɴˣҲһЩɡ
εͷִƿΪ
ֶǿǧΪһ亹ƤӦҲûʲô¶ɡ
¶ҺԺһ£Ҳ˹ȥ
ʣ»һЩӶǧҲιЩҺܿ죬ˢˢεˣǳȥͦ˵ġ
ǧվһ࣬һ䣬ȻǶѾ˶Һǵʲôʱѣ
һ£ܿġɫ䣬ǳǳġ
ǳǳģȴ͸һ˰ĵζ
ǧһĶ΢䴽ǣ˵һѣǿ϶ѡ
ЦЦͷ
վһϳ̷Ťˣ˵ĺ
һͼһԼĴڸУֻб˴ˣȫ˿
ϳ̷һ飬ܾԼÿŴ꣬ҪҪҺɼǻĻᶼûС
ʱ򣬼
ɴɴƤһ֮ǻӡ
ʱеĻѲڣѾָյ鶯ɴɴգգ۾ЩԼΪʲôᱻϡ
ʲô𣿡ɴɴЩ޹ؿǧʵΪʲôᱻϰ
ʱҲ˹ͬЩԼôҲˡ
ǧȷϣĻָ˹ŰǷôǸоû˰ɣ
û°Ǳû°ɴɴԼԴܾԹЩۣЩκģʲôҪһ
ͬͬٴ׷ʲô
ǧǵ׷ʲôˣɴɴѯʣҲż󣬡ܾʲôҪ飬ܸ𣿡


1061 ˼

һ˵ɣڻһЩҪǧָָΧ
ɴɴ˳ָķȥͿ˲ӶһЩ˫գҲ֪Щʲô
ԽԽľܾԼ˺Щɾʲô벻
ҲˣôӶţҲ˵ĸоʶΪԼ֪ӶΪʲôᱻţ벻
ɰ𣿡ɴɴָЩӶʶʵ
ǧȴûһҪֵʶѹӦɰģȥ𴦿
ɴɴֱӸǧĽŲ
룬Ҳȥ
ǣŷϲ֣Ų졣
ϳ̷ɱҪȥԼֵܵģһ뵽ҺǧУҧҧֱӾ͸ȥ
ɴɴͷʶϳ̷һۣӶϤϴɭǸӶôҲǧһ˰
ǰǧֲ˵ֻܽеɻѹȥ
˼һɸŨصѪζ
ǧŵζԺɫɱ˱䣬ѪζŨأ潫ɱ˰ɣ
ɽϿŲǰ˼ߵǰ棬Ȼ˽Ų
˺öЩӶһЩװƼϵЩСôˣе׷ʲô
ǧŵ棬һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ɴɴͬǰĳԭأô£ôͻȻ˺öˣ
ܾԼӦ֪ģһʱ벻
ͬҲˣ˰ԼԴ˶Щκġ
ֵǣҵֵôˣϳ̷ɶŵϵʬ壬˶Щҡҡ׹ˣұΪܹŵǣ˭һˡ
ϳ̷͵عڵϣɫʹѡ
ǧһۣһʱҲû˵
ǣϲ֣ɵرܿ˵ϵЩʬ壬ǧԺǸվˡ
ôôˣɱĽ𣿡ǧ̿ˮһ䡣
γϿһۣӦǵġ
ǧšüһʱֻͷЩΪһֻСС֩룬ɱˣҷǳȫûκλڡ
ǰһҽڶ
ǧ۾˸һǻǿЩȥ
䣬ѾȹڳԴȥ
δŷϲҲȥ
ɴɴһҲ̧Ÿϣǵ뿴ʲô¶ˡ
ϳ̷ɳʹ֣һߣ˫һæȥ
ýǧ㿴Ѫĭվһ࣬лһѴ󿳵ʵڽСǰѴ󿳵Уȥмҡҡ׹ζ
ĭܲˣŴ󿳵ƽ˫֮лǲҲһĨѪЦݣɱɱǡ
ĭǰŮ˺µıһ
ǧϸһƿ㡣
ĭȻҪɱǡĭǷ˰ɣȻɱƿ㣿ɴɴǰĳֻЩ˼顣
ɴɴӡУĭִҹ㣬˵ЩСҲȥɱ˵Ĺ
£ĭɱһ㣬Ŵ󿳵ԡѪ·ǳ
ɴɴĭһʱ䲻ɽŵ̿ˮ
ǧҲĭüͷšøˡ
ⲻǸƼ𣿡ϳ̷ָǱߵĭĲɲһ£ղŲǺúõģôͻȻҪɱˣѲɣǱˮ׵ʱĭͱ֩ҧˣӶִˣ
ܡǧƿ꣬Ŀȴĭƿ֡
ɴɴֿǸһʱ֪˵ʲô
ʲôб֩ҧˣ
ʲôֽбִˣ
Ѷĭûע⵽һŴ󿳵ƿǱȻţ˵Ӧɱ˭أɱƿãӦɱأ
ƿɪɪͱĭǸӸŻˡ
֪ƽҹһĭȻѪһ棬˿ȥԵɱ񣬿
ɱǣܱܲɱǰƿĵҪʲôǶ㣬ֻ㲻Ҫɱǡ
ĭЦһ񿴰׳һƿ棬ҶΪʲôһϵС㣬ΪóʲôһƼҼῴеĶ
ƿ۾ֵϵ廹кܶ౦ģֻҪҪǾ͸㣬ֻҪɱǰ
ǰƼҲǱʧƽ˸;͸ؤһ


1062 Ҫɴ

ΪʲôҪĹǰĭԴеЦΪа˼֣ͿǺܲˬˣƿǰЩӼΣˣȻܵԶԶ֪ϣȥԣ㡣
ƿ溿ţæקĭĿŹܣûаҵʱֻ̫˶ѣٸһλĻҶģ
ҲšĭһŽƿ߷ɡ
ƿ׹ڵأؿ۵úܡ
ˣۿһ죬۵Ĳˡ
ˣĭһѿס°ͣЦаǳ㲻ҪֻŮʹ࣬ҲͿ㲻˳ǰЩӾҶҴСУƼңΪԼǸʲôҶҴСУ
ʹæĵԲĲǹģĹҰɡ
ĹǣĭһβĸŮϣĿ£ֱˮûš
ƼĸŮҡ
գǾҪĭˣ
ҪµĭǳȻƾѴ󿳵ƼҵС˿һʣ
ûС˵ıӻǾͬϵ⣬׸
ɴɴ󿳵ϻմȾ˲Ѫգ̿ˮ˵죬ЩȥƼСˣĭɱİɣ
䣬һ洫һʹУʲô˺һȫһ¡
ô£Ϊʲôôۣ
ղŻûзʹоȻԽԽǿˣ
ôˣɴɴˣһ䡣
ɴɴֵҡҡͷɲ֪Ϊʲôȴ£ͷ·һָոγɵϰһֵĺܡ
û£ûʲôġ
šüҲ֪Ϊʲôɴɴ鲻ˣ̲סҪȥҪȥ׽Ҳˡ
壬ܳʵ
ǲͿЩ˵ɴɴļ
ɴɴͷҪһˡ
⵽ô°
ôܱ㲻֣
ϲֿֿǸ۾ҲͣգգִƺǾȻˣǵ廹Ǻܳʵġ
ϾڱִƵʱ򣬳һ𣬱ҵ׻Ҫˣ¾Ȼóףǳ˰
ϲҧָͷ˼ҪҪ¸ǡ
˵һǵģͲˣ
ϲֽĿͶĭϣСӲɲһ¡
ƴͦ£һѴ󿳵͸ˣ񻰱ɱħЩ㤡
ףǸƴÿ°ϲֳ˳ǧ°ڣôأҪҪֹ
ǧԥˡ
һ㶼ֹĸƼǳܿɱĻ棬ǿǺüˣΪʲôҪȥֹأ
ϲҲ֪뷨Ҳɵز˵ˡ
Ҳֻ֣ĸҪˡ
Ǽ֣һԵϳ̷ȴЩȥˣ̷ǰƼס֣˺޹أ
ĭŤһѪضϳ̷ɣ˭ΪҪҵĺ£
ϳ̷۾ϵѹҲкƼֻǱִ˶ѣǧҪɴ
ĭ䣬ڳһͷģȫ˵ʲôʶľͿЩ뿪
ĭ󿳵ɺ۾ϳ̷һĨӵơ
ϳ̷ɼˣӲһ£ΪĭֻҩϵҲ̫ǿϵҲͣ
ڱС֩ҧԺŮƺǿ˺ܶ࣡
ϳ̷Ŀ⸴ӵؿĭһۣȴʲôû˵
ĭϸŴ󿳵Ŀɭɭ𴽽аһЦ֪˾ϸ£ȻԴҡ
ϳ̷ٴһ֮ҲƽƼǱС֩ҧˣӲŻˣµУоİ취
䣬ϳ̷ʶǧȥһۡ
ͼǧվڲԶʹûг֣ϳ̷㿴ԾɾðĲ١
һССĭ϶ڻ£
ĭͷЦС֩ҧˣӱˣǻоεİ취Բȫ֪˵ʲôΣҪԴ
ϳ̷ѹе򶨵ƼΪ˲˺޹Ҿֹ㡱
ӶĭȸǶ˲ս飬һ룬ϳ̷оеˣĭ˫м
ĭüͷ˼ֹ֣
ŭһ󿳵ϳ̷ȥ
ϳ̷˫һٳ䱦Եֵ


1063 ôûҵﰡ

ֻáһײȻֻײĵطһɫ⡣
ҫ۵ɫ⣬Ԥʾսµļҡ
ĭûܽϳ̷һ߽ɱ鲻ЩãҲŤɱ㣬ٽƿɱ
ƿ̱ڵɪɪ˵ĭڸϳ̷ɴ򣬿ǻǲվжһվĭһֱӽǵԴˡ
ҡɲ쳹
ʱϳ̷ɺĭѷ֣һʱ侹ʤѷ֡
ǧˣüëС֩ҧ֮ĭ˲٣Ȼܸϳ̷ɶԿϳ̷ɺôӶģʵСĭΪ񱩣ҵʽ޷мܡ
ǧ˵ûͦ͹ۣûΪĭ˳ۣ
κͷϲһۣȴͬû˵
ɴɴȴЩǸĭʱˣ
Ǽ粻ֲܿҩʦ
ôһأ
ɴɴô붼벻ףֻܾš
ʱĭϳ̷ɴͣ
ĭĹƼΪңֲôḻϳ̷Թƻһ¾ȦףҲˡ
ϳ̷۾׼ʤ׷
С֩ҧĭ֪ôдģɴͣʽٳ
ϳ̷ɼˣһӮˣ
ĭҧǱʵܲסϳ̷ɵĹƣֱӱڵء
ȫǴϵʯͷĺֱײʯͷϣһʱ۵ѳݣۣҵĺ󱳡
䣬ĭֻһҧҧһѪҺǴͱ
ȻѪˣ
ĭԴ˵ģҲΪʹһʱվ
ϳ̷ֱֳȻһ¾ͼĭĲϣƼ㲻ҪˣҶὫߵġ
˵ţϳ̷ɾͳһӣֱӽĭ
ĭһ±ƣ֪֪ԼǱˣǺˣΪҪԴңǱѿҶҪ
ĭһֻֽϻһûУϳ̷һۣȴʲôҲû˵
ƿĭסˣ˿ǰȫĭѾסҲǳ䶨ˣǧһۣüͷȴǽ
ôǧѩ
ǸƿһΪʱƫƫأ
ѲɣѾĺͺڰ˻ˣ
뵽˴ǧ۾ڵҲһ֮ɫ
ĺͺڰһ
ɭһƬյϡ
źɫ۵վһ֮࣬ϣһֲǳͼϸܷͼǺڰı־
ͼܲ³˵ݡ
өˮ
ѾŴ󲿶ƬɭУҲһת˼ȴûҵνı
ˮҧļô죬ΪԾûҵȥֻ»᳤ȼˡ
өͷҲЩżȴ˵Ǳ϶صúãֻҪң϶ҵˡ
ˮüǵҶð
ө򴽣һʱ侹û˵
ʱͻȻһϤϤӭľȻǧѩ
өˮԺ󣬿̧ͷҲһɫɼǧѩе˲١
ΪңǷʲô𣿡ǧѩСڣԾЩ¡
ղǵˣҪԵһ
ˮһû
өƿ꣬͵ΪˣɾһЩ
ǧѩ˿ΪԼʲôνͣȴ֪ϴˣʵյĺܡ
ǧѩקָղһ˲亹ðҲˮȾʪµǺ࣬ȴµĺܡ
ϾǶǺڰ᳤ϣҲ̫ѺãǱǾס˴ֻԼֻԲ˶ߡ
˴ʲôˮֳǧѩϿȥЩͷ˴ʲôڱѰұӰĪҵˣ
ǧѩʶҡҡͷҵõ
Ҳ֪ⱦ﾿صȥˣѰ˼쾹ӰӶû
ˮͷɤûҵʲô㻹ԼޱȵʥŮ
ǧѩɫЩףҧŴǣΪĵҾһ顣
ˮüü֮һĨͷʲô飿
өҲüʾǧѩ˵ȥ
ǧѩ΢Ƭ̣С˵ɭֵֹܻᷢ飬ЩͦˣͻȻ֮аһŤһ𣬶ԽԽѪȣǻɱ


1064 

뵽ɭзѪ¼ǧѩ˸첲ͷҲ
ʱֵĺܣЩԭͦõ˾ȻǸĭɱƵģһնɱ˲ˡ
ԣөˮˡ
өˮüĲֻбδע˵ǧѩ˵ⲻҪ
ˮǸƢššüͷθ˵һЩʲôǶаˣҶѵΪŴģ
ǧѩһ˺һſ˵Ϊ˱ΪһЩëƤС£Ŵģһǲݵ֡
ˮөͬʱ˳Ĭ
ëƤС¶ܴ
Щ²вɣ
˵Ŀɷʵˮ۾˵Ҫÿ
ǧѩȻһһŵͷĸҺ˵˵Щıú֣Ҳ֪ôˣɭеѪɺˡ
Ҳ˵ѡˮǧѩһۣûñ㿪ʼ˼
өϵĺɫ۸ʵ˵Ե޹ʱģǸģаҲ뱻ʲôһ
ǧѩæͷԶԶԣа񱻿һŹֵĺܡ
өҲ˳˼ͻȻ뵽ʲôæ̧ˮһۡ
ˮҲ뵽ʲô̧ʱ͸өĿײһ
өƿ꣬˵ˮǲҲ뵽ˣ
ˮͷѵð˼֣ҲµûЩ˵֢״ӦǱ֩ҧԵʣƬɭΣյĺܣл֩ϢҲΪ档
Ҳġө̧̧Ƥӣֻб֩ҧŻ֢״Ͼ֩ҲŶҺЩҺܽеִҼʹǻṥˣݡ
ǧѩٴһ
˵֩ģȴûʵΪⱲӶῴ֩룬û뵽ֶȻɭС
ңѾʼжˣ
뵽˴ǧѩһӡ
ָܻԭ״𣿡ǧѩŴСһ䡣
ˮĿһЩͷܽ⣬ֻҪõ֩븹ĶҺͳˣɴ֩ǳôܹܵģ
ȫ֪֩ѾɱˣǱǧɱģ
ǧѩ΢ţȴʼû˵
ˮөһۣ˴깴ƺͦ˵ġ
Ƕ֩ҧˣ˵ǸϢˮ۾Щĵ˵
өᳶǣҲǸ˵ģûǶ֩ҧˣҲûжʱǾ͸ûȥѰұˣ˵Ǹûᡣ
ǶûжˣǱǵ֮ˡ
өˮٴι𴽽ǣЦùŹַǳ
ǧѩվһ࣬ҲǵĻһţģҲǵ˼
˶ƵʱȥұһҵҲֻʱѡ
뵽˴ǧѩҲǺʱȥѰұǶҧˣҲӦֶ밡
⻰˵Ĳөˮͷһۡ
ǧѩ򴽰꣬ͷɽ˽
ˮ´ۣſ˵յǳӣǵȷӦֶ룬ԣڿʼǾͷֿжҵ˱߻ϡ
ǧѩҧܸоԼǱˡ
ʲôнճӾƽﶼɵһǧѩҧҧܲʹ죬ȴûֳɣҵǾ߻ϡ
Ӧˣөˮת뿪
ǧѩϸһֽǽסˣǧҲɭˣ£ֻҡ
ǧѩ˵ԼĹǡ
өˮԺ󣬽Ų˶١
ǧǾɭ𣿡өƿ꣬ʶһ䡣
ǧѩæͷ
өˣ˳˼
ˮ˫һ뵽ϴαǧסɫһ䣬Ҳò겻ɢѰǿ϶Ҳûҵ
ǧѩվһ࣬Ҳ廰
өĻԺ󣬱ǳ͵ǵģѰǴʱȻûҵǧǲͨˣЩʱնȻǾԲԴС
ǧѩս˫ȭһ뵽ǧܻѰͷͺܲ
ǸŮˣȻŮѰϢԸŮѰ˱
ԲǧҵǧѩҧдżȻơ
өˮһۣȻ֪ǧĹϵãȴҲʲôû˵ƺ⿴Ƕȥ
ǧѩ˵˼䣬ת뿪ȥѰұϢ
өˮԭվһᣬһգ۾Ͳ


1065 ˮ

ɭֵһߡ
ĭѾƷֽŶסˣˣ߻ڲƿڴȻңǲǲҪ˰ʶĿЩҷſȻԲ˶ߣ
ϳ̷۾ƺЩĴУֲ˵ЩʲôֻߵǧǰǧȡҺ֢״κðɡ
ǧſϷƺܿˡ
еĶҺЩĭ£ĭ˿̻ںвͣŪҲŷ
ǧ룬㽫Һϳ̷Уɣ¶Һɣʱ֪ЩʲôҲ
һֻҩĹС㣬֪ղԼɱˣȻᱻŵ÷ɡ
뵽˴ǧһ䣬ЦЩζ
֪Ļ˼ͷ
ǧ𴽽ǣЦøΪ˼֡
ϳ̷Ȼ֪ǧЩʲôŶҺٸĭ˽ȥ
ҺɫģճǳĭȥԺֱӶĵ˹ȥ
ϳ̷֪ȻӦȫûκνǡ
ɴɴЩţᳶǧ°ڣǧĭǶԺͻȻ˹ȥ°ɣ
ǶҺĺܣرġ
û£ӦǧüһЦ⣬ʵղҲȹЩҺġ
һ䣬ǧµؿɴɴ
ɴɴһһĨŤ֮ɫ
ղʱܾЩйȳζŪڿЩĵζӦþǶҺɵġ
ö˶˵ģΪʲôҪȶҺأ
ɴɴҧ꣬иͷһ
ѵҲĭһʲôС֩ҧˣͳǸµӣ
뵽˴ɴɴҲŲ󲻵ԼǸģʲô
ɴɴüͷ壬һʱ֪Ǻá
ǧĭļǳЦҲżһȥҾͽе㣬Ҫ׼
䲻ǧ˵ɴɴٴβ˲ͷССģɣȥ֮һҪҡ
ǧͷģҲ֣ء
ɴɴˣеᵹһЩ˺Ҳ˲١
ʱֻһŵĭתѣɵһͷԼˣϻһѪζ
һû
ϣôôѪ
ĭϵѪֻԴһѣûãʹǾʲôΪôѪգ
ղŵһɶƿ˫Ť
ղɱһ㣬ǴŵСȫɱɲ㣬ҪҲɱڱϳ̷ɰˣȻǴ˿Ҳһʬ塣
뵽˴ƿɫøѿ
ĭеĺ˼֡
ĭǵıŪúãȻҲûʲôɣ
ʲôĭӣЩԼҪƼҵģңҲûˣ˾ˡ
Ҫټ룬ûţ
Ǹֺӣƿˡ
ⲽĭǰŭǻعңҲȥ㽫ҴСȫնɱҪҺͿմȾĶƼϵѪҺкγԹ㾹ҪԴǣ
ĭͷһ
ϵѪɱɵģ
ôܣ
ֻһҩʦѣɱˣ
ϵѪտ϶ŪȥģĿľΪ˿ڿƼĸŮǿˡ
Ǳ˵˵ҲǸҩʦѣɱˣĭһȻҲ֣Žˮõ
ĭüһϵģ
ƿˣɫøΪѿ˼֣Ǵδ˺޳֮ˣ
ǧµسĭһۣȴʲôҲû˵
ָһԵϳ̷ɣ֪ղŵΪҲģ״̬ˡ
ĭߺߵسϳ̷ɿ˹ȥ㽫ҰģǺôĵӣ
ϳ̷ɲ壬ӭĭǳŭĿ⣬ҽģ㵱ʱС֩ҧˣЩ壬һŴ󿳵ˣǼʱϵֻĸŮҪΪ㵶ˡ
˵ҲŲġĭȻҡͷһ϶ܵӡ
ֳϳ̷ɿ˼ֻۣǳ
ˣ
˺ǸǧһͬȥѰҴ֩ӶΪǻһ˭뾹Ȼˡ
˵Ѿ֩ҵˣȡ˶Һ


1066 ζɣ

˵ҺĭͻȻϳ̷˵û˵ԼС֩ҧ˱С֩ҧ󣬾ͻһЩֵֹ֢״ɱ˿ټƼĸŮҪذɣ
뵽˴ĭʶץԼƣһʱ֪˵ЩʲôıС֩ҧˡ
ǧ׵ʱ򣬵ʱмֻ֩Ӻ˳ţ׼Ĳһҧʲô֪ˡ
ıҧˣĭͫɢҲŲ˲
ϳ̷ɱ࣬ûа㿪Цĳɷ֣ǵģ㱻֩ҧˣҾ˷һҪء
ĭҧҧ׼һ£ıҧˣѰҺˣ
ϳ̷ɻ˻еƿӣЩǶҺǴӴ֩븹ȡģôѹҲЩҺ
ĭеĶҺĶҺһճоЩȳζƮɢ˿
ҧ꣬еϣҲŲһ¡
ǶҺҲһճȳζӦþǶҺµζݵò
ĭٷƿֺ
㣬һסĭ½󣬵ԭǼȴԴǣնɱǵС˲˵뽫ȫɱΪӣģ
ĭȫѲֻ㳶š
ñŤиһĨŭҵʱС֩ҧˣʲôҲҵı⣬ֺοأ
ⷬԼĹʧƵһɶ
ϷŹϵŭɫΪŨ˼֣Σɱ˵ȷʵ㣬Ϊ˵Ĩƽһ𣿡
ĭһ˫絶ҪΣ
ɽַ½ûɿģǲ㳥ģ˵ƼҲźЩҪɿڣͽｻһЩ¾ͽҹȥˡ
ĭüɤأ԰θ˼֣а棬ڳû٣
ȴûľϣֵǲĻҲ⽫֮˵˵׻½İ½İҲҪ˵˵
ңĭҧгݡ
ʼ磬һƹˤӣʲôҵģղŶɱˣֻǽʵ˵ʲôԵģ
ƿվһԣ͵ǣֻǽʵ˵ѣûʲôԵģʱһʮʮ٣ϼҲ֪ɡ
ĭֻͷƤһ顣
ϼδȵļ֮λҪˡ
ĭҧ꣬ʹЩԸȴǵͷɣһһЩģֻҪǲ˵˵ǳԲ˶ߣ
Ҳ̫ġ㹴һЦŽĭ½ɿ
ĭõͷţɫҲࡣ
վһԵϳ̷ɼˣ˳ǡ
⼸Ů˻ǰ뾶һúܣͦͬĸŮģھǡ
ǰһҺǧ
ǧӹҺǵЦЩζô˵ζɣ
ϳ̷ᳶǣɿЦɰɱĸŮͦģھǾǶǣĺܣĭЩˡ
ǧﴽǣ˵ǴˣûЩĻôԻͰҲͱ׷ɱʱſΣһԭ¶ˡ
ϳ̷ͷΪͬ
ǧü㲻˵
ϳ̷ӣҲվһ಻˵ˡ
ʱĭɱذţȵǿЩҷſѾָˣ
ƿһȫûһֵ˼
ϳ̷Ҳû֣ϾŮܲףĭֲǸʱɱĴš
˶ϳ֣ĭ˫ͨ죬Ť
ǧ䣬ߵĭǰӸµʵĭԼһ˴ڰϵζɣ
ĭȻ̧ͷһ˲ǧ˫Ӷˡ
һ˻ڱˮ֮Уȫɪɪ
ĭ䶯Ŵǣȴʼû˵һĻһ뵽вһЩ̣ĭסˣڻһ˿ߺޡ
ڰϵüˡĭһһԽʮģһǱףҲһɽգ֪ڰϲҪ̫á
ǧ΢΢еЦⲻ۵ףõǱС֩ҧˣȣºⰡ
ĭ˫ոΪŤ˼֡
ʲôȣ̰ƣ
ȴǲ˵ֻ̣ܽɫҲΪ˼֡


1067 ɴɴ

ǧǸģϵЦݸΪ˼ָ֣⣬ֵˣɻǵõʱ˼ֻС֩룿
ĭȫԸ룬Ҳ˼˿ͷ֪ҧ֮Ҿʲôǵˡ
Ƽɵǧƿ촽ƺž棬ЩϰС֩ͬһ㣬ǳ֮ͲˣжҺҪأϸûһ㶾ҺʱֱҧĻŻᱻǷӴģ
ĭ
ᱻҧ
ҲᱻǷӣ
ĭıסˣҰ쳣жҺ
ЩҺȡģɷ˲ٹ򣬶ҲࡣǧĦ°ͣһЩѾ御ʣһЩǵˡ
ĭɫٴηס
Ҳ˵Ĳ׳Һˡ
Ǻã
ĭգգ۾ɫɰ׵ù֣Ųġ
ǧһۣȫûһϧͷ
ĭҧ˫ֻŬҼǵֻ֩˰ȫҵϣȻҧһڣ֮Ҿʲôǵˡ
ǧͷлƼϣɹϵǵİȫⰡ
ĭëһ˺һŵͷˣӳĿ϶ֻ
ǧʲôû˵ֻȡذ׽ϵӸ⿪ˡ
һõͷţĭæ˶˶ֱϵ۸ʧŻվĿۣɢһ
ǧȴδ˵
λߵǧϣ˵ɫѾˡ
ǧʶ̧濴ɫѾڣȷǲˡ
ǧסεĸ첲Цݲ÷ǳھͻɣѾˣҳС֩ͳˡ
εԴڼ䶼ûпĭһۡ
ĭǵĻԺͷɿһ£ҪϢˣΰ
ЩӶ׷ɱ˵Ѿˣеĸһڣһַ˿ôã
ĭſˮȫһж
ƿҲˣǸղ¼ˣ㶪ǵǲһжˡ
֪Щʲôǧŷεĸ첲תߣȫ˵Ļᡣ
ɴɴˣҲ̧Ÿȥ
µֻվһ࣬۵С
ûã˱صУɴɴһͲǧѯС֩顣
ǧֱÿӣʾǽ˵ɡ
ɴɴһæ̧Ÿ˽ȥ
ǧعͷĿ䵽ϣҲһɡ
ܾһȥ˵ԺкЩ᲻һˣҧҪҪȥʱǧٴδ
㲻𣿡
һΣûж룬ֱ̧˽ȥ
˶ˣǧһЦ˲٣ƿ꽫Ǳ֩ҧ鶼˵һ飬ֱ˵һһ㶵ġ
ɴɴһۣڶмΡ
Ǳ֩ҧԺҲִ֪ƣһˣҵǾ˯ͬһУϾʲôҲֻ֪ˡ
ɴɴָ⣬ȫû뵽֩ҧԺԼ㿪ţ˲˵Ͼ˯С
ٸܵ´ĴʹУɴɴǵͨ죬ʹļȱʧִ۸ʱ޿̲Ͼʲô
ʱıҲЩ΢ƺܹϷ顣
ʱִ֧ţɴɴʲô顣
뵽˴ĶЩ죬һʱͱ֪ɴɴϾʱǱִ֧ţЩҲɲԼ
֪ЩʲôǧˮǱִ֧ţִҲʵ뷨ֻǰ뷨˶ѡ
ɴɴٴһ
Ҳ˵Ǳ˴˵ִǶԷ
ԣС֩ҧԺ󣬲Ż뵽˴ͷһ£ϲɴɴ
ͷһ;û
ƽֻؼȫ鰡֪ԼϲһŮӣŮЩʲôһʱ֪
ҧҧһ˲֮ɫԵĺܣϹҲܿ
ɴɴˣɫͻȻһ䣬뽫յȫƲ
ҧ˫һʱ֮ͷⲻܣʲôž۵ĺܡ
ǧǵı仯ĿȴǽţȻѾˣ˵ΰɣ


1068 ˴˲

ҡƬ̣û˵һɵĻ
·̫ͻȻȫûøΣ˶±ƵģҲڲԼϲɴɴ
ı仯ͣɴɴһֱӽ˱㣬ȫûһҪ˼
ɴɴ߬ģһСɷɷ׵ġ
ûı飬ɰڳһֹģΪѵӣǸҡ
ɴɴ´ʲôõĻ̳ϣΪѣɢȥɣԺ󶼲ҪἰиңǱ㲻Ҫˡ
˵ЩԺɴɴȫ񱻳һܳ⡣
ֱɴɴԶˣûܷӦ
˵Ḻģû뵽ɴɴ˵ĻôԼƲϵ
뵽˴˫˼֣ûаҪ׷ȥ˼
ǧˣֻޱȣ̫Ѩ˼ɴɴƲϵƤӱҪһԼ϶ѡ
գգ۾һʱ侹ûôס
ǧ̾һ͵ղǸ飬Ǹ˶֪㲻븺ˣ˼ɴɴ̫ѿֻȳˣҲǸǱ˴һ̨¡
ȻʣΪҪ̨²Ż˵Ļ
û𰡡ҵʱı飬ôһѾ𣿡֪ӲҲ˼֡
̫һѾˣǸϹҲƳǷΡǧü˹ȥ
Ҳʶοȥһۡ
εͷǳ㵱ʱıȷʵѿ׷ȥصأǲ׷ֻ»ã
ʦ˵ˣòţԴһԴɫҲ˱䡣
ٲȥ׷͵עˡǧЦŵ٩һ䡣
Ҳ̲סֱƿ׷˳ȥ
ʱɴɴδصУվڸһСӱߡ
С֮кˮˮ峺ףƽľҲƽ˼֣ĵ׵ȴ޷Ĩȥ
ϲǱС֩ҧˣִ֮Ǽ飬ȴȫûһڵ˼
ΪԼҲһģ˭룬ǶԼһ鶼ûУʱǧ飬˸ȫûһҪ̬˼
ʱѾ֪ĵЩʲôˡ
ֻƲϵһҲԼϵһΪ˲Լ̫ѿֻһ˵Щ
ʵҲɣٱסԼӣ̨¶ȵ¸һ䣬Ͳ׼ˣ֮䲻νδ粻԰þͳɡ
ɴɴź棬˼ҲƮԶˡ
ҹʱ򣬿ıվںӱߵɴɴͷЩ㱡
Ȼͣ½Ų㾲ţƲ̴ڵƽ
ɴɴûĶһɾź棬ûκν࣬ʲôĻһ
ԭվ˰죬̲סǰ˼֣䶯Ŵ꣬ǿڳˣɴɴãԭ
ϤɴɴĲһʶŤͷĿֱӺˡ
Ŀ侲ɴɴţȴǻ֪Ϊλ˴Ҳ֪Ŀľʲô
Ŵǣһʱ֪λӦ
Ҳû˵
ɴɴָ⣬ʵܲˣֻܿѯʵ佫ңʲô𣿡
ü䵭
ģӲ˼֣Ҳмְζϲɴɴ䵭ģо񱻿ԶƵģȫ
һ⽫е䵭ԵصģЩ㣬ڲ˵Ժܾûˡ
ɴɴʶһɫҲø˼֣˵ʲô
ղŵ顱
δ˵Щʲôɴɴһ̳ϣղҲ˵úЩǾǰɣԺǸɣ𣿡
㣬ͷҲͣԵøš
˵ʲôõĻһµʸûˡ
üͷø˼֡
ʲôб˴˲ɣ
ԼƲϵ
ɫ仯ͣʵܲˣֱӿ˵Ҳͬ⣬Ȼ鶼Ѿ˴˲ɣ
ɴɴͷһüͷҲ㣬ҪΣ
ƿ꣬һ֣صһ㸺ġ


1069 

Ǹղ仰ɴɴ϶˵£ɴɴûаָˣЩЦе
ȻǾԲ˵ЩģҲǸ֮߰ˣ˿
οԼϲǸˣ
ɴɴĦŸ첲еǷĶ򴽣Цһ佫ڿ𣿶ԲҲҪ˵ĿҲҪĸǾ͵û𣿡
ɴɴ˵üͷøиһ˵ɫôƲϵ
ɴɴЦҡҡͷֻǲΪѶѣͻȻ˵Ҫʲôģ϶ʵڿҶ԰ɣĲҪ˵ĿҲǿԼˡ
˼ˡ
ȻΪǿԼ
Ժ󣬲Ѫȴܿ츧ƽ˭˵ǿԼҪ㸺ĸԸġ
仰ɴɴԺľҲҲͣ
˵ĸԸģ
ղһΪѵӣȴͻȻ˵ĸԸܹţ
ɴɴЦҡҡͷܸоһжԼˣ佫ĲЩûʲôǸ԰ò𣿡
㱻
˵ϿˣСӾȻţһ˵ɣղûڵһʱ𸴣ֻ̫𾪣ûڵһʱ䷴Ӧ㻹δҵĴӦΪҪô
ɴɴ䶯꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǰһ˵˵ǶС֩ҧˣȴǱеִЩִʵģһ˵ԺҲܵĲͬǱϲ
ɴɴȻɴ۾
ϲ
ϲ
ĺڵ˫ڴ˿ǳʮδӴУԣʱŻ𾪷ǳ˵һһ㻹Ӧ𣿡
ɴɴٴεɴ˼ָ֣Ҳŷ
Ȼ˵ϲˣ
ģɴɴСһ䣬ȴеļ
ֱֱ˫ȫǼᶨ֮ɫȻģôĴأ
ɴɴָ⣬һ˲糺졣
ʵû뵽׷˵Щӡֺֻ࣬ˣ˵Щ黰ʵ
˵ˣ˵˺öࡣ
ڿϲԼˣı࣬ȫûһܵ˼ȻˣҲҪٽʲôˡ
ԭҲһֻղżΪѣŻһģ֪ǸᣬȻʹ˴
ɴɴһ֮λεģȾЦ⣬ҵĴǼȻģǾһɡ
˫
͹ѵܵԼܿģ˵Ķͣͷ·ҪĿƵġ
ӦˣԼΣ̲סһ䡣
ɴɴҲ飬ЦŵͷţҴӦˣڷҲˡ
ûҪڡƿ꣬Ŀⲻסɴɴ
ɴɴЦøӿģ˾һŭŵտһ̧žͳķȥʱһСľȻסԼȹڣһҲȥ
󣬾ǲԵСӡ
ɴɴһʶ
ˣֱϡ
һӾץסɴɴ󣬿Ϊûվȣ˾ˢˢСеȥ
ͨ
һ˲֮䣬ˮĽСֱŵˮ׵˿ȥ
һ£ٴӺ˳
ȿȿȡɴɴؿڣȳһЩˮ
ҲһǱɴɴࡣ
˻͹ʱŷֺˮֱؿڵĵطˮҲ£һٶҲǹˡ
ɴɴ뵽˴𴽰꣬Цдżۡ
Цʲôһ䡣
ɴɴָָֻؿڴĺˮЩˮֻؿڵĵط㲻Ҳûʲô¶Ǵ󽫾ˮĸ߶ȶжϲ𣿡
΢һ˲侹Цҡ
ɴɴʹüۣС߷ǳȴϲ̵ġ
һҶʱ򣬰ȴһŲţһŵ٩Ů
Ǵ󽫾ˮĸ߶ȾȻжϲ𣿡ǧ֣˵һ䡣
վһԵķΣǳ͵ҡ
һӴǧڷεļϣһ˫ģżֽζұΪǸ֮ˣ˭Ůһһ׵ģ⼸ҲƵüǳ


1070 ʣһֻ

ķڴżֳЦ
վһķϲҧСָͷͻȻΨ²ҵ˵һ䣬ڵôã˵ʱʺˡ
ϲգգͣһڴؿǡ
Ҫף
ɴɴǧǵĵһϲ˵ʲôףɴ˫͸ˡ
ʲôװ
ҪףҲùֻ˵ʱװɣ
뵽˴ɴɴ˴ƻʮֿɿڡ
˰컹ûܵףϲһ˫ڵҲ˼֣̫ˣҲˡ
ϲԼظֳһܴȵģ
ɴɴ˿
ǧǣȴЦŵ٩һ䣬ǻϴӺѲɣǻԧϷˮ
ɴɴֱԭأ˫ͨͨ죬ƺð
ԧϷˮ
̫˰ɷһЦ̫ˣǶŻˡ
ǧٺһЦҲ٩ˡ
ɴɴˣٴ˿
˻ŴӺһʪģҲĹ˳
ɭеƫͣʪͦģǧûϵħǽ·ˡ
֮ɴɴŪ½ǣСʵǧǲôͻȻˣ
ղЩ̸Ǿ˶ٰ
ǧֵڴ䣬Цñ⣬ˣŹæ˭Ȼ˵ģȫǵԤϡ
Ҳû뵽ɴɴһЦʹ
ǧָ⣬˵һ䣬ˣǸղ˵Ļǻ϶ˣҲۼ֤һһˡ
ɴɴ죡
Ȼȫ˺߳ܰ
ɴɴҧһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧЦļ򣬵ûµģһЩ̸ѣһҲܸ˰
ɴɴɺģȫûȥףлġ
ǧﴽЦò÷ǳûʲôģǲ֮ȻҪˡ
ɴɴ̧һЦ
һ䣬ǻصС
ǱС֩ҧ˲ٵ˵Եʣɭھĵģûˡ
ܵ־ףǧƿ촽˵ɭоǾĵģЩѰұ˶ѾˣʣҲôǺ£ԲŲŪʲô
βͣȷʵС֩ҧ˲٣˵ˣʣµҲûˡ
ǧ˫ȴҲ˵иĻõˡ
ǵġε
ǧЦøΪ˼֣ǰʱɭΧ˺öˣڳС֩£Щ˶Ѿˣ˿µҲĭǡ
ô˵أС֩ȻѣɶҲġ
뵽˴ǧĴٴһҲķǳ
ǳЦԴ
ǧСԴƲ˲䡣
ιֻһƿ꣬ǳ˵һ䣬Ѱұ˳һ³ӵС֩룬Σ
ǧ˫һɰҲôġ
ա
Ļͦ磬ǷС֩Ǽ£Ҳ˯̫˰ɡ
ɴɴ˵Ժ󣬽գǱһȻûб֩ҧʱô¶ǣҲۣرˡ
ǧ˼ۣܾЩ۾ɴɴһߵ˭Լϲ˾Ȼˡ
ŵ㣬ﻹиСءǧָָϲ֣һĨ
ɴɴŻȻѣ˵˫նģ֮ҲһĨɫ
ʶϲֿһۣͼСһĴ۾ؿǡ
˻һϵĺθ˼֡
̷ֿ̻Сӣ
ϲֱǣܾЩʧΪܹӾĶǧϲֵԴʾʿɶֹһЩ
ϲСͷǸģֿɰҲǧϲĽ
Թ緹˾̤Ѱұ;·һԵʱǧǷݷһֻС֩롣
С֩˫ĺ캧ˣ˿ҲģƺѰʲôóԵ
ǧϵħֱӽС֩ˣﾹȻݷһֻС֩룬ڱҷˣȻԺɭֵ˶Ҫꡣ
ƿ꣬ʣһֻ
ǧһ۵ϵʬ壬ЦǼȻҪѰžݷ˶ĵطֻҪ˶ĵطһ⣬ܷǡ
ε۽ǴЦ


1071 ֱҧ˰ɣ

˿ʼ˶ĵطߣûþͿԶ˼С
ɭûˣЩСӦĭǴġ
ȻûãͿĭ߳һϵϢĭľ˲٣ǰǱǶһĨٹ⣬˯üá
ûãƿҲӸڵ߳
һĭɫͱ˱䣬Ϊյ飬˶ûĭɫ
ĭһҲüƽʲôʱֻҪһЩܳװˡ
뵽˴ĭҲָ࣬⣬ЩĵģӴĸŮҹ˯ò
´ۣƼĸ˯úͦá
ĭ𴽽ǣȻ֮ЦЩӣҲ˯òȻˣʼδģһЩµ˯ͬһطҾȻ˯ã
ƿɫֱ䡣
µˣ
ĭУǾȻµ
ĸŮЩֲ֪η
ɫĭ䴽Цõǳ
ʱϳ̷Ҳ߳㽫ĿͶϳ̷ϣٿ˫һϳ̷ɣǸлǣƼ֪жղž˵ʲôµˣҲ֪˵˭ǽѡ
µˣ
ϳ̷Ժüͷ˼֡
ӶһȣԼݵǵ͵ȥˣĭûָգЩ֪֮ġ
ϳ̷ɳĭϿȥһۣɤƺһĨӶûȻȲǣƼܱڱ˵𣿡
ĭɫһһױ仯ͣû˵㡱
䣬ĭߺ޵ؿһۣĸŮֱĿǣֱ
ܵĿ⣬һЦ
ϳ̷ȴǽĿջҲĭһۡ
ĭֻñǳû˵˵ֻǶԶĵĸŮڰٿĪ磬ֻܺһ˲Ӭģ
ƿЦ÷⿪ģһ˶ģ
ʱվΧǧ˫ֻأµؿǰһĻЩ˵˼˯ͬһطˣɽһ羹Ȼֱֱҧ˰ɣ
ɣϲЩգգ۾ƴôɣ
ǧҡҡͷһ˵׼ģ
ϲ°ͣһ˼ģ
ûбҧǵ۾ͦġƿ꣬˵
ǧʼ磬ڵȴûκα仯̫źˣٿǹҧģȴǿˡ
ϲﴽЦ˵ûҧҲͦõģͲ˷ѶҺˣⶾҺҲǷ˺ô󾢲ŪŲܰװ׸Ǻȡ
ǧϲֵԴЦҲԣȷܰװ׸ǣЩҺôҲǳġ
ϲսСȭͷһ߿Բܰ׸ǣ
ʱǱĭǻڳ֣ȫһݵļƣ˺Цĺܡ
ǧվһܾ࣬͵ʲôȴϷԴţһСӰǰӹ
˫һᣬüͷҲΣղпʲôСӰ𣿡
ƼˣС֩롣
䣬ָָһԵĲݴԣǶ
ǧȥ濴һֻ֩ǱڲݴУ˫ĺ췢ȫһȴϹļơ
Ȼǵȫѹ򡣡ǧߣӣϵЦֶ˼֡
ûж룬ֱϵħС֩ոɾ
ֻážС֩ڻͷտţûãһɹŵζƮɢ
ʱĭҲߵĶ
ŤͷͼǧڷŻɫĻڲԾһƹȥùǳ񻰱ĹƵġ
ĭܲסǿںеǧʲôΪ߷Ż뽫Ƕ𣿡
ƿҲЩ߿ǧʲôΣյǧ˵ΪҪŻǿû㣬԰ɣ
ǧǣֱС֩뿾ŽϨˡ
ĭǼˣȴɲġ
һԵϳ̷ʵܲסͽѾ֩ʬʰ𣬵Ǳੲݣ˼ǧΪС֩ŷŻģΪ˶һУһ쵽֪˵ĺȫ¿ηΣ
ịֻ̆͸Ƶġ
ǱΪǧҲģ˭ɱС֩ĸղǵԴǵȷϬһЩǧ˰ɣ
ŤͷСǧһֻۣȫûκĺۼЦЦζЩˡ
ǼˣӲɲһ£Ǻǧÿ£͸ħһ


1072 ʾ

֩ģĭһΪ˴ƽһʡ
ǰǧЦ˫䣬Ҽұ˵ҺŲǣһҲԣ˳С֩ˡ
Щĭ˫Ť
ǾȻ˳ģ

뽫ǧ
ִ򲻹ǧֻˡ
Ƕ˵ǧϵЦݸΪ˼֣ģ˵ҶѾǽС֩ˣǲǸøʾ
Ͷ䣬Ҫҽķ
Ȼ֪ҪЩʲôṴ𴽽ǣϵЦҲÿ˼֣ǶǴˣǲȱǿԶҪһЩ
ǧٺټЦһε˫Ҳʢ˹âû뵽㾹ķΣҪҶҪһЩû
νüһѵ㲻룿
ǧ𴽽ǣЦζ룬ȻˣҾǳϲˡ
ǾͶҪһЩЦĳܾôзǳ
ǧЦŵͷü毺á
ʱĭҲĻˣŴٰ
ĭȴװɵʲôʾܲ˵һЩ
ôɵǧüΪ˵ıʾϣܸһЩȻþȵģǲΪ޳İɣ
ĭҲװɵ䶯Ŵǣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ƿɫҲЩѿǧҲڼӸҪֱ̰
ôǧüأ԰θ˼֣ҶǸˣǲһʾûаɣҪǴȥǵ鰡
ӣǧ˵ͷɿһ£ҲЩǧɱҲǧǰ˵
ǵÿǵĳˡǧ𴽰꣬ǳֻҪõ㶫ʾʾȻǲ˵ģǲó͹ֲˡ
ĭǲһӣһʱǾ޷Ҫ󣬱Ͼţô֣
ĭҧҧ֮ɿڵ㾿ҪЩʲô̫ҪǲӦġ
ƿҲ̱ǵ˵Ҳĭһ
ǧָ⣬ĿһɨȻʲôҪǾͽЯıȫɡ
ǼɭѰұģǾͿ϶Я˲ٺöЩȡǵֵ
ĭԺ󣬵ҲûҪ֣෴ҪѺࡣ
ټϽָռԼģǧ֪ǲ˶ٶʱһЩͳˡ
뵽˴ͷЩ̵ġ
ûãǾͽЯĶȡ
ǧһȡĽЩңһЩŲ̫õĵҩ򴽣ΪüͷΣǻСǳѵǾԼֵЩҲ̫˰ɣ
ĳ͵ȻΪģҲûӡ
Ҳԡǧ°ͣЦЩӣǼȻԼֵǮǾû취ˣΪܶõЩľǼֵǮġ
Цȴĭ
ĭҲЩս˫ȭҲɪɪ
Ȼ˵ǲֵǮ
᲻ֵǮˣ
ĭϵ۶ðִӿռָͳٶЩȫҵˡ
Щ㣡ĭָŵϵĶ°΢ڳһǳ̬
ǧһһĭó˲ٺöмħ޾ˣҩƷҲȸղŵĺࡣ
ĭļӼۣǧһЦò÷ǳƼ£һϧԼˣĳЩ˵ǲͬġ
ĭûɵĿ
ƿȴ˫ֲ࣬ޱȻ֪ĳЩ˵˭
Ҳ̲סֱӽռĶһԶȡէһöҲǷǳġ
ָŵϵĶΪ󷽵Щ͸ˡ
䣬ĭȥһۣЩʱȵ˼
ĭһȫûĸŮУ󲻹ϵˣõĳʲôö
ǧʰϵĶ̵ؽȫװռС
ȫ̵ɴɴһ飬ԴǧҲΪȻ𾴡
û˭թթôףƾ仰ĸԸѺöһʱȶĺû
ʵ˾ǳ
׺ϲվһ࣬ҲЩĸԸִ׬һˣ


1073 

ǧЦÿ뿪⴦ɭ֣Ǿ͵ȥЩö
ϲЦ֣ŰСҲȾһΡ
ĭԺȴòѪŮ˾ȻǵǮȥͳԷҲ̫˰ɣ
ȴŭԣֻܽЩ档
ĭջĿ⣬ռָͣȴֿռָѾûˣղֱӽЩȫǧ
ҧҧͻȻ֮Щڡ
Ѱұǿռָûһ㱣Ķôã
뵽˴ĭ̧ǧȥ
ͼǧһӣһ۱ǳȥǧǰ첻ġ
ûоûаɣʱܹа취ġ
ĭһ̧ȥȫˣЪϢһ۲Ϊˡ
ĭһߣƼĸŮҲԾ
΢䣬һǽĿͶǧϣӹµһתЦһ䣬ǧҲǵľˣл㽫С֩ɱˣȻȫꡣ
ǧЩ죬ƽøһôͻȻ֮ˣ
жȻʲôè塣
ǧüһҲ˼־ɫлңҾֲ޳ģ´ʲô¶ǵ׼ı
˫Ťȴܺõƽ˵˵ֻС֩ܳˣɱһֻʣһֻҲ֪Ķ
òмӣΪ˴һֻС֩ټ
ǧһ䣬ӹһ⣬֮еЦȥΪֻնɱһֻС֩룬⻹һֻҲ֪ںδЩһҪСģǧС֩ҧˡ
ƼĸŮһ
ԭ֮㶨һֻС֩룬ʣһֻҲ֪ǱںδĸŮſˮһʱ侪ַǳ
ǧָ⣬Цñ⣬֩Ѿȫɱ˵ֻĸŮѡ
ҲֻĸŮԣҲûʲôġ
Ҳ֪ǧ뷨δ˵Щʲô
ƼĸŮȴǱŵɪɪѾʶ֩ҧᷢʲôеĿ־岻ֶ˼֡
ǧˣЦøΪ˼֣ʵҲ㺦£ֻҪ΢СһЩӦþܱܿС֩ˡ
ƼĸŮǺһЦδ˵һ仰С֩ν޿ײ룬÷ģ
ǵ˫һֱߣҲǻҰ׵
ǧ˼ۣĿѾﵽȹھ׼뿪Ȼ⴦С֩ѾնɱǾ뿪ˣǻǵСģϾС֩ƻڲ֪뵽ǵС
ƼĸŮŵò壬ɫ׵ͬһֽ
ǧЦ磬ŷε°תߣֻĸŮվԭش۵Сۡ
ԶˣϲС֣Ц׸ղź仰ͽЩŵɫˣǽҲ˯ˡ
ǧ˳Ľëһһ̵ģȾԵøÿƽ鷳ҲǸһؾѡ
ϲĴָЦ䣡
ǧһȴ˱𴦣С֩ѾãɱﻹûκҲ֪ⱦ﾿ںη
ѵطˣⱦͲ⴦ɭУ
Ҳ԰ǵâλλпܲűľƬɭ֣֮ûбĵطˡ
ǧüͷҲһ⣬ȴûʲôͷֽϵҲʵǹǺ
˵ⱦ﾿ںδǧЩ۵ʼ硣
ɴɴһۣҡҡͷ
ϲҲɵû˵ȻͦһʱҲ֪﾿ںδֱûʲô
ǾǾԶ߽ǰͻȻȴ߶ֽϵǼ仰
һӾͽǧĿ˽ȥƿ꣬ʵôĪʲô
ͻȻָָǰСӣСΣ
ָ񣬺ÿǳ
ǧָϿһۣ˳ָĵطȥһСӣһɭΧǾСӡ
СӲԣ峺ףµʱþˣͬһľӣ
ǧ۾üͷҲԽšС峺ףǺÿˮҲΪ𣬻Ʒһ˿
λߵӱߣ紵ʱ°죬ãһѰСӻô
˼˵С⣿ǧ򴽣˫еĸˡ
ɴɴһ㶣Сͦƽѵĺʲôйأ


1074 Ժܸ

ϲҲŷε°ڣʾЩ˵
λӳµĺþˣһϯҲ˷ǳǾãҫСʲô
ҫ£
ǧٴοǰСӣԣþˣһ޴ޱȵľ뵽˴ǧ˫ҲСһ澵ϵֽдھҲͦеġ
ǾǾ˵ǰС
ǾӣֲǾӣֻһСӶѣǾԶ߽ǰҲʮУ
СӾɭֵΧֻҪһɭ־ܿСӣñǱɭ֮УӶԵСӣ˭뱦СУǺܽȴƫҪȥԶĵطԶ߽ǰ˵
ǧʱȻʣ˫飬˵С֮У
η䣬һϯ죬ɣÿǳǣѾûκζСӸˡ
ϲ̧ͷֿǸͻȻЩ̧̧Сظôĵģ
ɴɴҲȵسǿһۣǴʦ͹ʦ˾ȻԴȴʲôûǧȴҵ
ǧŷεüֵۣ˵ھȥѰң
ɫʱ磬ʱ磬ǿȥˮѰңҹζࡣ
뵽ƹҲ뵽ڲȥ»ᱻ˽ȵǣ
ǧҲ뵽һ㣬ͷӦó罫ȫȥȻǾͰɭһˡ
ɴɴҲЩ˷ܣϾɭҲΪ˱ôбϢˣȻ˷ǳ
ɺܿ죬ͻȻ뵽һЩ飬СȻ峺ףƽȣ˭ܱ֤ˮûκΣأôˣҲ˶ġ
˵ɴɴҲЩǣǰһˮԲãһˮ˸Σ
Щǲõġǧûκɫͷ·Ѿнİ취ˣмŶˮ飬ֻҪŶˮȥˮҲܳͨ裬úˮ
϶¶Ⱥϲɫ
ǴʦȻָ߼ɫҲУ
ǧһЦתʼεΣϻжˮ𣬿Щóһ¡
ܴһӾͽε½ƿһǣһ˲Щңʱܿ°ǡ
ɴɴõֱ۾
죡
ǧȻڰǴʦ·һڴ֮ͥ£
ʦȻûǰ
ɴɴһֻۣԴЩѣ̽Ŀ˻ȥʦÿһ۶һ¡
ҲٽĿջأٿһۡ
ûãǧҵ˼Ŷˮ飬һεɫӣÿǳ
ǧЦŽε½Ūãֽˮ齻ɴɴǣЩǶˮˣֻҪŶˮǱˮУһ·ͨ衣
¶ˮ飬ʰһ˺ˮС
ֻáͨ𣬸ոջڰϵļˣȻȫˮ¡
ϻŶˮ飬һ·Ͽνǳͨ裬˳ó
Խεӵףӵ׵Ũͷ·һȻľ鳡Ǿȫë׶ɢ˿
ǧܵǿ˫Ṵ
ӵ׾ȻôСӹȻͬѰߵĿԺܸߺܸߣ
뵽˴ǧеЦݸŨ˼֡
ΪѰұѾɭдãбˣܲˣ
ӵȥǷ֣ԽЩˮԽԽˣɺԣˮӶƲˡ
ǧ̷֣Ѿ˺ӵ׵⴦طûκκˮ½һ
ǧЩ𾪵ؿǰһУ˭Ҳ벻ӵ׾Ȼľ
Щˮȫûˣֱӱ½أƬ½ϻһЩֲһ磬һ濴ȥ׷ǳ͵硣
ǧЩǰľ󣬲գգ۾Ҳΰɣˮ澹ء
̫ˡɴɴѾֱˣ鶼Щ㱡
ϲҧָ⣬Ӳɴ˼֡
ЩˣƽĺܣûпˮµȷǱһģˮѾûˣ½أһ磬ǳ
ⲻѧǧָ⣬ˮôľأطǺӵһ֣ûкˮأ
ִ˴ΧͻȻΧһ͸ϣ͸Ͻˮʹûһ˿һĺˮ


1075 ǵ

ϡͻȻ˵Χһ͸ϣǸϽˮˣԣûһ˿ˮ
ǧҲܴ˴Ȼһεϳִ֣ȥʱ͸޻Ƶģʹơ
̣ЩˮȻͽˡ
ǡǧŴǣʵȻǼ̵ģǸղôأ
ƿ꣬΢ʲôưɡ
ǧŵ˵ͷ֮гЦ⣬пܲôˣǻҵҪֵطͻȻŪڲʲôñڴ˴ˡ
ɴɴҲôõġ
ط棬ٷ֮бģ
˱߱˵ڲԶĵطһΡԻ͵Ĺǹ߸ߴûʣˮԵøͻأ
ǧǰĹʶ˽Ųˮ¾Ȼһʵڷ˼һ㾫ʱһ˺ܶɡ
ǰĹһ˲ֻЩ㱡
µĹȻ˺ˮ£ӴĹ̿϶Ҫǳ˲ɵİɡ
ǰĹҲЩҲû뵽˴Ȼй⹬ģӦкЩˡ
ǧһǰҲ֪Ǻ˽ġ
ҡҡͷȫûʲôͷ
ǧǰĹһʱҲ֪òýȥ
ɴɴҲڵ뵽ӵ¾ȻһŽ̻ԻͣһͲͨɫҲ֪ͷ᲻ǱʲôΣա
˶һۣһʱҲǳ֪òý뵽ͷ
ʱ򣬷ϲҧСָͷΪһ䣬ǲ빬ͷ𣿱⹬̻Իͣ϶ʲôöǲȥ
һɴɴˢˢǧǣƺڵȴǵľϡ
ǧЩԥͻȻ֮䱻ϲֵˣѭű⹬ΣգҲֹͣѰұĽŲ
ңűĵطΣӦʱΣյ׼
ǧһ֮еСĽȥһЩᶨ¸ңȻǶطǾһҪȥһ̽Σһˣú¡
˵Щʱ򣬱Ůһ
Σô죿
һѰұһ߽¸
ɴɴ񱻸ȾһһѪӿ
ɣǿЩȥɡɴɴЩ£ǧ˵ȫѪһĨ
һã˿ٽ뵽С
һ뵽һɰ֮һҲϮ̵ǧ۾
Ӧ˹ߣǧһ˲֮һ£˶ԭء
죬⹬ͷǻԻޱȣÿһطûƽ̳ɵģֲøղŹҫۣԭЩ֡
Ҳ̫˰ǧ˫ֻأһ˫۾͸״һڹɨţտͷ˽ӣһ޴ĵȴʲôûˡ
üĿ䵽ϣһεһĿ⾼ͷʹƣ͸˫۾ܿرиȾ
ۣôһ񣡡ϲҧСָͷһһοô޴ĵүү˭
ǧҡҡͷ֪
ϵͷطǳҲ֪便ûˡףҪѰҵıĶϲֳһǶϣɣ
ôĵ񰡣ܰ
ǧЩس˳ǣӦòɡ
ϲգգ۾ر޹ֻ񡣡
ǧٴһ
ȷֻⶫǱǧͷһ£˶Щˣ˵ûƽɣȥĻ϶ٽңҲôȱҰҪã
ҲƲϱɡǿĵġûǰĵɵĮ
ǧüͷ˼֡
ĵģ
Ǿ͸˶ٽˣûȥҲûô
ĵģڣɫҲһ£ѲɣǬ
û˵ڵΧ̽
ǧЩԺȻһҲȻ
ʱˣǿĵģȻ뵽˶ٽң˵ĻҲûô򵥡
طֻĻܽôһҲͷһϣˮ


1076 

ʦڣȻ벻Ķͷ
ǧǰһڵΧһѺ󣬾õϵĽϸǳȥĴǼõġ
ϵĽӺͬȥΪϸ塣ǧ˵Լ뷨
üһǰ״ڴ˿ԵøΪ欣ⲻǽӡ
ǧһǽӣʲô
ɫģѵǽ
ƿ꣬ȵϢƮɢЩӦʱõĶƽֻƽƽĻƽΪϸ壬ҲӺãֻƽѰ׵üϸƵĶԱøӺãЩݳˡ
ǧ΢΢һ㶣ƽõĶƽҲ˵칬͵Ǹʦһּв֣ӵмΪϣӵкܶܶ࣬ൽӻҲ⡣
ǧŵ
ƽʦвǧ΢΢ۣҲ˼Ƭ½ϣߵţʦ
ĪһͷǧԺȴֺܿ챻ɢˡ
ʱδϵĳ㣬ᰴȥ
¡һʯű򿪵˶쳹
ǧѭȥǷڹһű򿪣ܿǵűȫˣ·ǽһ㣬һ˲䰵ͷƻͨȫûκεΣԣ
ȻһšǧǰİţҲ𣬡ǵܲҪĶҪȥ𣿡
䣬ǧǵţ˵ʵǳǵһ̽
κͷϲȫûʲô
Ҳһ̽˼
ɴɴӻ˹ʵû뵽ϾȻиأǸһ򿪣žͳˣǵطǳͷ϶ǱʲôǲȥԺ϶ڵġ
뵽˴ɴɴ˵òطǵȻҪȥˣϾɲܰһˣС֩붼£ССİţ
ǧеѪŨҲԣС֩Ĺƶȥˣôһʲôµģ
ߣһȥпǧ䣬Ƚ뵽С
ǽ
֮еƻͨÿһĵطûƽɵģЩƻԵøӹ⻪
ǧŽӲӵİüͷǮˣȻûƽɵģŵһͭζ
ιǳЦȷʵЩЩɫҲܴۡ
˭˵أۼˡ
ɴɴҲǰһиˣ𺳹кӿֳһĨ񺮸ǼҲ壬ȴὫլӸģ
ӲӵһУ
ϲȴһϲؿܣϲֽӲӵĶָоͺڽɽ߹ð
ףϲֽӲӵĶǻȥʱܲܿ¼ƽȥϲֳ˳ǧ°ڣһ䡣
ǧ붼û뵽ʹӦˣɣԿһЩȥ
Ŀռ乻󣬿ۼĶ⣬ǽȥҲǿԵġ
˼ȻʣһΪĹǰ͸
Ļϲ첽˹ȥ
ӴŹâʱ򣬼˲ɶ½ŲҲһ¡
ǿʲô
ǿһ޴ޱȵ󷨣вЩ˵·ܵ˵ĵһʱǾЩ
ˡֻһǧܸܵЩĲͬѰ಻ͬĵط
Ѱ壬÷Щӵ꣬ǷУǽǰγ
Ѫ﷨һѰһǶǳĳ߽ʦ֮֡
Щζе˵һ䣬ɼǵʦǸ߽׵ģȸ߽׻Ҫ
ȸ߽׻Ҫ
һΣٴס
ȻǱȸ߽׻Ҫʦ
˴½ôʦ
ɴɴ䶯˫һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ôʦҵģӦû˰ɿϼطǳ˸Ѱǵټǵݶûǲ֪ϼ徿жˡ
˵ЩϼƵģôӦҲϼ˽ģô˵ϼ˾Ȼ⴦طӹ
ڰ׻½ɭУ
죡
ǺܽǱ׻½ı֪Ϣƻιȥϼ˶ƤӵˣȻǸˣʵ̫ˣ


1077 

ɴɴָǰָʵһ󵨵뷨
ǧȾһɫʵҲһ󵨵뷨
ɴɴɴ˫ҵ֯һһקסǧ°ڣǸһɣ
ǧֵڴ䣬Ҿã϶ϼĶ
˾һҲ뷨һ뷨һ˵Ǿ̲סܾþ͸һ
һ죬ϼ
ɴɴ̿ˮģɼǳҲģϾƳˣȻ֮ͨˣϼ壬벻ڶˡ
ҲǡǧüеȥǰͻȻһ뷨ӿ˳ǰкöǲֻҪƳˣЩ͹ˣ
ɴɴŵʯԭء
е˵Ҳϰٰܹõϰٶ죡붼룬⻹ϼƳģǧ룡
㻹롣ɴɴСظܾÿ챻ˡ
ǧգգ۾Ϊ޹ѵ˵ʲôֻҪ󷨽⿪ˣЩѡ𣿡
ĳЦȷʵˣƿ󷨣ֻԱߵİżǰˡ
˵ţָָһߵİţǵɵƻͨ
ǧһۣһʱ侹ϼ˵뷨
б½󷨽⿪Щȫߣûֻ߰ż룬ʲôöûһٴǻϲΪȴֱöľӣֱǶӡ
ϼ˻ǶӰǧզզͣöƤӵ£˵òֻʧ뿪ԽԽʧҲԽ
ɴɴǧȥһʱ侹˵úе
ֻҪ⿪󷨣ܽȫؼңǽⲻֻʧǰֿõȴֵòĸоҪץ
ϼĹӵĺܡ
ɴɴɬĴ꣬ĿȴһֱڲԶϣеЩˣҲ֪ʲôȫõǡ
Ǹúַܳ׽ƻأɴɴ°ͣ˼
ǧǰ󷨣һʱҲûʲôͷ󷨲Ϥ仹ǳ󷨣Ҫƻƻѡ
ƻѡǧһ䣬תͷΣΣ϶󷨺Ϥɣǰ󷨿н⡣
һϲ۰ͰͳŷΣ֮ҲһĨڴԺҵˣ϶С
ҿԿ˵һ䡣
ǧеĹθŨ˼֣ԿɣҾֻҪ֣У
һĨ⣬ȴŪĶˣвУֻҪ˵У;С
վ󷨱ϣ˦˦ӣһɲǼ֮кǵϢ⾪ˣϯʱԭأֹͣˡ
ɴɴȫ𺳡
Ȼ֪ʦǳɸղһ˲ϢȫͬǲسʵǾˡ
ǧҲЩ𺳣ɺܿƽŲԶķΣֻһ֮ɫ
ƮƮư磬ķΣ
֮ǿǿ󷨣ܲסεѹžһ죬ǧԷϾһѺۡ
ѺۺСȴһ˲ɴɴҲˡ
ɴɴָϵѺۣõ󷨾ȻһѺۣҲ˵ƽˣ
ǧͬ˫ȴÿƣûɴɴǰСֵģֻҪټӰѾͷˡ
ЩÿһֻҪһսôˡ
ԼãõȥҲƵļ۸
γǧһۣٴһ˦䣬һ˲ϢٴϯϢ֮лһЩɫ⡣
ϵħ
ѹϢټǿϵħɸΪǿֻҪˡ
ǧôʱһΪҵڶ
ǧһͷȥʱ򣬾ͿղŻޱȵ󷨾ȫˣû󷨵ıЩҲΪӳС
Щڵƻҫ£ԣͬһ屦Ʋߡ
ǧǰɬĴ꣬ŤͷΣһʱ侹ס°ڣЦˣ󷨾Ȼɴˡ
ƿ꣬ǰ״毺ã˵УҾУ㲻ȥЩ𣿡


1078 ڶ

ǧһ죬ֻͷЩģĿƿȻҪȥЩˣЩϰٰѣѰʱܼôࣿ
ǧ˵ţѾŷϲ˹ȥ
ϲŴǣһ˷ܵСģ
οǵӰҲһи۷ǳ
ʱǧѾֿʼŪЩˣǶһоһŨ⣬ЩȻŨΪºͣҲȫë׶
ףЩźðϲ˫Щ˷ܵ˵ң渲һȥʱ򳬼ġ
ǰĺǧૣִЦϲļϲþͳˡ
ϲһ۾˼֣ЩϲΪһúӲ̫̰ġ
ѡһȽϺÿķȣһɫķȣһƯİ̾ڶˣָʥζ
ǧһۣЦȷʵҵѪ﷨ȵеһƴ
ϲְֵеİȣôÿķġ
ǧѰһܿҵһѲĶذףѶذϵһЩƯ
ԸǶģսʱʹѶذ׿϶°빦
ǧõĶذ׶ռ䣬ֱǰһѡ
ɴɴҲѡЩɡǧĿֱϡ
ɴɴһ㶣ɴɴȻعҲѡ𣿡
ǷƳˣһҲûгĿѡ
Ȼˡǧ֣Ц䵭ȴÿ쳣ô࣬ȻǼзˡ
˶һ۲ЦˣҲ飬ǰȥѡˡ
гж̵Ҳָ࣬ξѡ
ѡһĳɴɴȴǴѡһǳɫķȣȱõĻҪࡣ
ңл˺öϵԪأʮʺֱѩħʦźöϵԪأҵħʮϣ
ǶѰǵǧҲ𴽽ǣǶѡǵǼõġ
һ϶ЦݣȻǺܿĵġ
ǧʶʲôŤͷΣʵΣ㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷǳãԼ
ǧӦһеҲǼõģЩҪУպҪֱ˱ǡ
ŤͷɴɴǣʵЩȫҪߵģٿʲôҪûҪˣҾͽռˣ
ɴɴȫû飬󷨼ȻǷν⿪ģЩ϶ҪУټѾԼѡĻᣬⷬٶҲѺã˿϶;Ϊˣﻹѡ
ɴɴһۣҲܶʿɶֹǸղõѾǼõģٸҲ˷ѣǻǿЩ߰ɡ
ǧʲôû˵ֱѡ˼òǻС
ɴɴźü±ˡ
ǣǵģ
ʲôɴɴգգ۾Сһ䡣
ǧʼ磬ʣµװռŵǺòһˣȻҪһЩˣԺʲôѶԸˣֱӱ仯ã˴±Ҳɰ
ɴɴ䶯Ŵꡣ
⻰˵úеǾȻ޷
һóôඥͷ˿϶ɹǸ棬ɴɴ;˷ܣܿҲֱӽеָռ䣬лˣҵһúϧ
ǧڰ֣ȴʲôû˵
еһգȻɢȥˣһ˲ƽ棬ǧü䴦ǵš
ǵţһأǸп϶ǱŲٺöҪõƻ󷨸ѡ
ϲսˣҲ֪ǸıʲôϾһеѾˣǸѾı϶һ
Ҫõϼѡ
ЩѾˣı£ɴɴ䶯꣬Щզ࣬죬ڳڴǱʲôˡ
ǧһۣڹ⻪תʵҲڴģǽڶŰɡ
һ˿ٽڶţȫڴ֮ɫ
ڶţɹĴûƽɵĶ
ǧѾӦֹߣԲôۡ


1079 ö

ǧ۳ܿȥȴûзʲôĶ
ֻǣĵطһźľӣ֮ϾȻڷһľӡ
ϸһۣ֮һ¡
ЩľӣȻƺöƴԹƸϰ˰ǧǰĵƣֻͷƤһ顣
ôôƣɴɴǰƣһ󾪺ЩƷڴ˴˵ģëȻĸо
ǧ˵ͷ
ʱ򣬷ѾǰǰƣЩϵ˵֣һƾȻȫġ
Ҳ˵⴦ҽģ
һΣǧȥЩϵ֡
ģ̌ߵ˷ԣԴȥֵʱһ¡
ȻģҲ˵⴦طҽģҿϰڷƣӦס˺óһʱ䡣
⹬ҽġǧǳૣĿȴһֱѣôãϵЩЩϤء
ɴɴҲƼϵ֣ܾЩľսǰڷַǶѰһϼŻϤ
ǧ˫һһˣ
̽ռڵȡһһԺǧϵЩֵϵϣдıʼҲͬġ
Ҳ˵ƺ׳һ˵֣ϵЩ֣Ѿǰˡ
ǧ׺ϣٿǰʱҲ˼ϡ
ǰǽðǧҾȴ˹˴ֻҪѰұѰ˱뿪߶Żˡ
ͬҾĿ⵭Į
ɴɴҲʶ˰ݣĿϡ
û뵽ڴ˴ϼƣȻôطΪҪأ
Щû˰ǽҲֻա
ݹ֮ɴɴٴλƿ꣬ЩĵҲ˵Ǹղõǳϼ֣֮
ǧͷģˡ
ɴɴ˷֣ܵ죬֮ҾȻܵõϼ͸һҪ֪ϼӲ⣬λȨصıҪõǴһҲҪѺôһ򡣡
ǣһӾȻܵõô࣡
ǽ⿪󷨣ȻҲֻܶЩƶ԰ˡɴɴ죬ͻȻЩ¡
ǧȻʣƺЩףΪϼҪƷڴ˴ˡ
ǰеˣʵ޷ҲֻܸɰͰͳţڴ֮ǰȴ֪ЩƵ϶Ҳ̫ʧ
ȴͬˣƵĳ֣ˣеҲƵģмУıҲò
ЩǰֻΪһȴôҲòЩƵġ
ֻʧӰգ޲øӲӲ
ĳЩ˵ҵ˻ǶӰѾǽ⿪㿴ЩƣǵҲûжٱ仯ֻЩȰˡ
ǰѾ⿪󷨣ȻĻǧ˳ɴɴĻȥ˵
ɴɴЩԺ󣬴ٴϼĻ᲻뿴ǰյӣŰƷڴ˴ģ
ǧգգ۾ʶɴɴ˼ۡ
뷨ȻԼĲıϡ
пܣҸղҲôǧƿ촽Ц⵭
ɴɴüпһ䣬ǶӰ
ǧʼ磬ȴû˵
ϲӵתţһʱȴûаţףôûаŰѲɣͷǳı
ǧҲܿûʲôţѵ͸ղŵĵһűˣ
᲻ͲЩ
ܰű˰ɡǧƿ꣬˵һ䣬ΧѰһ»أʲô֡
ϲ־СΧѰһء
ɴɴһ٣Ҳʼж
ǧͷζһۣ䴽һЦĥһ£ҲʼѰ˻ء
رϾΣѰһʲôûҵ
ȻʲôûУûа˰ɣϲҧСָͷֲһ䡣
ǧҡҡͷӦòͷЩ϶ǱҪŨһЩԴ˴϶лء
˵ţҲΧ
ȻѾߵһˣǸνıһҪҵ


1080 ΣյĹâ

ҲʼѰңһϵƣȴںľӵ
ǧһۣͻȻһֱȴûӵѲɣػӵ£
뵽˴ǧҲı䷽׵
ûã˾ȻͬʱӵµǸԲףͬʱȥʱֻһ𣬲ڽ䴦һȰͻȻˡ
ű򿪣˶Ȼаš
ųˡϲЩ֣Ҳ˵ȥѰұˣ
ģ̌ҲŲԶİţѾҵǿȥ
䣬뵽Ȱ֮С
ȰͬĹâɫһƬۡ
ǧһоȻȫûƽɵı䣬Щ䱻иطһģ˴򿪡
Ȼô౦䡱ǧ֪лô౦䣬Щ
ɴɴͬҲԭء
ô౦䲻ᶼװűɣ
ףﲻװ˱ɣϲָŵϵı䣬Щһ䡣
ǧǰı䣬ЩŽӲӵģڵƻɢ˵ĹâⷬòҲӦòʲôö
ô౦֣ɲΪô󷽣м˶ĿİɡСһЩô౦䣬϶ᶼбġͻȻ˵ɤģȴ˲òŷ
ǧοȥһ䣬Щмǲȫģ
ûش𣬿ȴһ˿ᶨСһЩǺõģҲôﶼб
ǧЦʵҲġ
ζĿ⣬Ҳ˴ꡣ
ǧŵϵıҲԽǽԽǲ֪Ӧôĸ䣬˵Ӧôĸ䣿
ףɣÿˡϲָһȽϺÿı䡣
ǧһۣȴûгִ򿪡
ɴɴһۣһʱȴûж˵ʲôҲ֪ôĸãÿ䶼ǲġ
ǧһ˫һʱҲѡ
η䣬ɫڵƻ買⣬ƶһ𲭣ÿǳȴɣ֮ǱȽϲķλ
ָߵһ䡣
ǧü۲һѲЩλãǸеģ
ƺܸ߼ǧ֣ߵһ䣬֮ǧ۾澹Ȼûκζ
ʲôûСǧָǰı䣬Ҳһ⡣
λȽϲı䣬ȻʲôûУĪǣı䶼ǿյģֻǷڴ˴ȽϺÿѣ
ߵüͷ˼֣Ǵı䣬Ǹλѡ
ǧҪȥ򿪡
ȴͻȻǰһ򿪰ɣԶһЩ
ǧûģ˺˼
θǰı򿪣˲䣬һâд̳ǵâΣոܵһУǧȻɴ۾Сģ
ηӦ֮ʱֱӶ㿪˱Ĺâϵħһ˲֮ϵħֱӺŹâײһ
ֻá顱һŹâϵħ֮󣬾ɢˡ
ʱ㣬Ѿ˵ϡ
еľٶˮڿĳƻƬһ𺳷ǳ
վǧæǰôû˰ɣ
ҡҡͷڸֳһĨЦݣصģû¡
ǧĶʱ˼֣ͬ𴽰꣬û¶ͺãոտˡ
Ṵǣȴû˵
ɴɴҲһ£ﾹȻǿΣյĹâʵڿ
ûͷҿĻҪâ˷ϲֺǰסεСȣղˣǸҲ̫ˣȻâ
ϲЩ£ŷεСȲš
δëҲϲֵԴο£ûµġ
嵭ϸһȴһЩе
ǧŤͷüͷҲ˼֣ղǸ䵽ô£㲻˵ǱķλܲΪλͻȻΣǿҵĹâ
̧ǧ嵭΢ûв´Щķǰ󷨷еġ
ǧգգ۾
еģ
ǧ׽⼸ۣȻ֮ȴͨ͸˼֣Ҳ˵ΪȽϺõķλоûʲôΪǳķλܾǱΣգղŵһΣտ٣


1081 вر

ǵġεġ
ǧһΣЦЩеЩõķλ˵˵ʲôö
θܵļУٿһ䣬Цߣߣϱߵı䶼λüģǲ²ûͷźñ
ǧߣӣЩԾԾԡ
ͻȻһ˦ӣһ˲֮һǼλı侹ȻˣͷĶҲӳС
ĲʲôöԿףÿһöԿ涼һƯĳֶġ
ǧнɫԿףüͷȻûƽԿףԿʲô𣿡
˲
ϲȴ°ͣһ˵ﲻ˵ֻҪ˼Կףܴ򿪱شţõµĸֱ𣿡
ϲһģ˵úмֵ
ɴɴҲˣѲɣбشţı
СӵĻ档ǧЩŤͷɴɴҪ̫ˡ
ɴɴͷɵǾÿܻʲôأҾðɣʲôشţȻıĶ϶ڱشⱦشſ϶ڹδֻҪҵԿ׾óˡ
ǧмֵȻ䣬ҲÿʲôشŰɡʲôشŰɡǧűӣҲһȥЩġ
ۣشţϲԽ˷ܣ֪طأ϶űشţʱǶҪЩ
ǧŤͷΣô
գ˫ܣбشţ
ǧһ飬ˣε˼Ҳƫˡ
Цһֱ㽫еԿȡԿ׳ģĲᣬڴʱҲ˲ٻƽɡ
ǧһеѹȥԺֵʣµûκζ𣿡
ѡ˼λϲӴ򿪣ͷȴûκζжҲֻʲôͽħ޾ˣЩƻ˵
Щȫˡ
ܿ죬󲿷ֱ䱻ȫˣʣһСַλõӣЩӶȻǱĳΣգ룬ûд򿪡
ǧеԿףҲ˵ŵıԿףܲһԿ׿϶ͨȥһưɡ
һҲڽ䴦ʱǧüҲһ¡
һžȻǻƽɵķ䣬һɫʵССҲ֪ͨηܸоЩˡ
ȻһС˵Сҵر𣿡ǧָָǰСǿЦ
˳ĻȥСֱضļӦûܴ󡣡
ζ˵ˣǧ˶ŷεĸ첲Ц㶼˵ˣСͷ϶ŲرǿЩȥɡ
䣬Ҳһϲ֡
ɴɴһۣҲһˣȻ͵ÿĳŰˣ
뵽Сʱһ˲֮ƻȫСҲӳУŵǹɫûаˣŨ˼֡
Сһ࣬ǰľСȴ޷̽źҲ֪ʱߵͷ
ĹΪСһصɫʡ
Сʱ͸ҲͷأǱĳΣա
ɴɴ˴첲ֹһ䣬ôСɭģûƻʱ򣬺һƬҲеƹˣȴͷøɭˡ
ֻסļƺڰο
ܵϵȶȣɴɴһҲ
ǧǿһֽۣӹʵɣҲָой˷øˣʵڹĽ
ϲֱСӣȻƽﵨӻͦ󣬿˵Щˡ
קǧ°ڲţСҲֱ䡣
ǧҲץС֣ƺһİο
˼ǰĻСͷС
ǧɫȴʲôҲû˵ŷϲֳСľͷȥ
ɲ֪˶ãû߳ȥԭشתһǧüͷ˼֣ԭشתΧľһģһġ
ûԭشתγȴǼᶨǳĳһ
ǧ棬ʵΪ˵ʲô𣿡
ƿ꣬ϵһϯٺÿ;һֱǣˣȴһҲûҲ˵ûԭشתһֱǰ


1082 

ǧ˫˼֣Ҳ˵СϵÿһֶһģԲŻǲԭشתĴ
εǵģ;¼ǺţһҲĴ
ǧοһۣЩϸĽ㻹ϸĽȻ뵽ǺţȴһҲûǶڡ
ǳǳһЦһֱߡ
ǧ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱֻ۷ǳ֪һֱһ𡣡
ιЦøÿ
ɴɴҲЩңڴʦ;˼ǺţȻǿ϶ԭشתߣǾ͵ôö౦
˼һǿǰͻȻԽâԽǿңܽǰеһж
˶һۣȫǾϲ֮ɫ
âңҲ˵ǿҪ뿪ֹСˣеľϲŨǼӿŲѭŹâȥ
âǰʱ뿪СһޱȵУղŰеͬҲΪеļҾ߸һӦȫҶûƽġ
һƹȥӲӵģر
ǧǰһУһǿ˵ӸҾ߶Ϊ£Ӧƫɡ
ɴɴ˵е˵ͷ⴦طӦ⴦ƫ⴦ƫŵס˵ģʲô
ǧüһֲܿ˿Ȼͨͨģ϶ʲôϸңҳЩͬ
˲˵ͷ
ǧһ£ЩСȴû˷֡
ǧŤͷο˼ۣͼɫɵĮȴ˵¶ǧЩЩµʱȻ治ɫ
ǧڡ
գգ۾ƺЩΪ˵
ǧ˹Сָͷˣĥ䣬һȥЩʲô
ȻģǧСָͷ
Ѱ˼طȴûҵʲôĶǧͣжٴϸϸؿΧ
ΧǽӲӵһƬҫȻÿأǽΪصĵطҹˣȴʲôûҵ
ǧ۾ҲøΪ˼֡
Ҳ۾ȫطû
ǧ䣬ΧһȦȴûκջ
иӡδһԵĳ룬ͻȻһƯ̽У滹һϢҲƮɢ
εǧȥֻһ۱㿴˳еǷУڵƻԣ˴򿪡
ƯĽСǧƿ꣬̾һ䡣
ϲּˣͬҲ̾ĺƯܽⷽд𣿡
ǧŷϲǰĿȴڽתûã㿴ϻһС˲Ҫ򿪣϶а취ġ
ܽд𣬱֪ͷʲôϲգգ۾ȫǺ֮ɫ
ǧԴЦ԰ɡ
ϲһЦֱ֡
ǧҲǵһЦûñָǰĽУеĴмãȥģ˵ϸС
۾ְֵĸо
֮ŽԿȡԿŶ࣬ŵЩһǧǰԿ׿һʱ侹Щ׼
ƳͷָǰԿףʵΣ˵ҸİԿףܽǰĽд򿪣
δǰĽУһʱ䵹Ҳû˵
û˵ǧҲûдߴ٣ɽеԿףƺ˼ʲô
ɴɴһۣĿҲͶеԿϣǼԿ׶ƯǳҲÿǲ֪һѲܽд򿪡
ɴɴָ⣬˵һ䣬ѶԲͳ𣿡
էһ취ͦõģѶԿ϶һģǧȴΪô򵥡
ǧ˵ɴɴһ´꣬ʵ취𣿡
ǧƿ꣬ǿеģҲΪô򵥣Ҫ򵥣ֿɵˣм仹ʲôΣҲ˵׼
ɴɴһͲ˵ˡ
̧̧üۣ˳ĽëŨܣҲĶһһ̵ģÿ˵òӣСϵȷ
˵䣬Ѿָָ׿ڡ
ǧҲ׿ڿȥȴûпʲôüЩ󣬡׿ô𣿡
嵭ɤȴ㿴׿ڣǲǲһЩʣ
ǧȥȷ׿ڲ˲ǳɫʣЩڵƻ¾Ȼɢӫ⡣


1083 ᱻʴ

ţ۾ҿˣһЩǳɫʣڵƻ»ɢӫ⣬Щʵʲôأ
ǧУڵҲһ΢⻮ҲµûЩǳ̵ʣӦиʴص㡣
ʴ
ǧһ£Ҳ˵ֻҪжеЩʣܱʴ
һǲ׷еģҲֻԿײ׳ܵؽӴԣᱻʴģԿף
ǧüһЩ𾪣ԿױʴˣôȥУǴ򲻿ˣ
䶯Ŵ꣬һʱͷȻЩǣҲ˵ҳȷԿ׶ԿףôԿ׾ͻᱻʴ
εпܡ
ǧһü۲һҾ֪ûô򵥣ɵû뵽ķӣаӽзɳҪᡣ
ɴɴҲƼеǳɫʣɫҲһ䡣
ɴɴ䶯Ŵ꣬һŵоȻиʴʣϼˣжôӰ
ǧ𴽰꣬Цζʵڶӵĺܡ
ϲֶǰĽУһ䣬ףǸΣ
ǧܿܲûгʲôţƵýдԺǰŲŻԶְɡ
ֻаѽд򿪣ŲŻ֡ǧһ䡣
ϲͬ˱䴽ǣЩԿ׳öడһѲܽдأ
ǧҡҡͷɫٴα˱䣬ЩԿ׵ȷò࣬ѡĻԿ׾ͻᱻʴһȥҵʲôУҲ޷򿪣Ŷ޷ʱΪıﶼ֮ʧ֮ۡ
ԣԿ׵ѡҪġ
ǧ򴽽ǣһʱҲ֪
Ҳû˵ͬԿţɫ䣬˫纣û֪˿Щʲô˶ã꣬ǳ˵һ䣬ϸ۲׵״ܻʲô֡
ǧٴγ׿ȥ
˼ۺǧ׵״һ仨Ƶġ
ɴɴҲƳʲôŵɴɴŴǣһ׵״Щ񻨣ɼʹ֪ʲôأ
䣬㴹˼
ǧͬ񻨵ףһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô֮οȥʵ񻨣ЩʲôãͱˣֱӸǰɡ
ǳЦ˫˾Ө˲٣ٿԿϵ̵ǲҲ״񻨵ģ
ǧһ淢һԿϵ̵񻨣׵״ϣҲ˵Կ׺пܴǰС
ѻ񻨵ԿףǲǾܽд򿪣ǧǰԿ׼ڰһĨ⡣
üۣЦøĪ⣬У϶Ҳд˰ɡ
ǧͬ䴽Цü֮Ҳһᶨ֮ɫţԿ׶ܽд򿪣
䣬ǧͽԿ׶׼ףţԿײ׵ʱ˫ֻǶͣҲ˼֣ĿҲͣ
Ӧܽд򿪵ĲǿԵģ
ǧһµҲ˼֣ܿ죬Կױû׵бʱɴɴס۾ȥǰĻ档
ͷϲȴ򶨵ġ
ǸĮӣɫʼնûб·Կ޹ؽҪĶ㱻ʴҲûʲôˡ
ǧЩţɵԿȫȥʱҲƽͬޱģ·Կ׼Ϊ⡣
ʱֻáǲһоȻˣ
ǰԿȷģûбʴǽдˣ
ǧǰĻ棬бȫ򿪵ʱһĿĹâӽ͸ģ͸ż
㲻֪ĶʲôǧȴܸܳǾԲǼƷǳıȣ΢ѷɫһЩ
Χ˶˵ɴɴĸͣƿ꣬Сһ䣬ǽд𣿻˵ԿѾʴˣ
ǧЦ˵һ䣬֪Լ۾Ʋ֪𣿡
ɴɴǱ򿪵ĽԺȻɴҲ˷
л汻˲ʲôɴɴЩ棬ܲڽеĶһǺöɣ
ǧ󣬲գգ۾ûҲ֪ʲô
ɴɴЩȲ̳еķȥеĶʱڲɸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ôˣɴɴɫ죬ǧһ䡣


1084 Ũİ

ɴɴ̿ˮЩ̾ؿڵǧĶʵ̫ƯˣҲһܸо㿴Ҳӡ
ǧҲмֺ棬ȹڣǰȥȥԺҲһ£ҲһĨɫ֡
ǺƯ֮һ̵ʯ̵üΪͨ͸滹һ˵ǺŨҲ˼ΪĶʵǸñ
ǧеʯʰ𣬲οȥƯʯ֪ʯʲô
Ȼʯϸһǧȴ֪ǵľ幦ЧҲӦĶɡ
ζеʯĬƬ̱ǿ˵ʯ̲һЩʱͷҲ°빦Ч
Ҳ˵ʯ˼ӿٶȣ
ǧ֪ǸöȴܺĿռȣռ޵ģöʯȴ޵ģֻҪùһΣͲˡ
ǧ˱ⴽǣⶫãҲúûʲôЧпռͱ˰
ǧеʯĿⲻɴɴϿȥ
ɴɴϲʯģ˫ǿʯҲǾӨ֮ɫ
֪ϲʯǧӹµһתֱӽƯʯ׵ɴɴУƿ˵ɴɴƺͦϲöʯģǱ˰ɡ
ɴɴŻеʯЩ±ƣһöٶߵʯȻôˣ
ôˣɴɴɶŻеʯǲš
ǧһۣҲṴǰͷһЩܹٵҩƷʯҲòˣϲȥɡ
ˣɴɴЩϲؿǧ
ǧͷļΪȻģĪ㲻Ҫ
ɴɴ̽ʯץСҲЩţҪģȻˣͱջȥ𣿡
ǧ̯֣ĿдżЦ⣬û˵ҪջȥúŰɡ
ɴɴһϵЦҲ˼֣ʯױһǰţöʯÿ𣿡
ÿüۣһ䡣
ɴɴеʯеЦŨ˼֣Ҳʯÿǧ͸ҵģ˿á
ӲȴһĨ֮ɫ
ɴɴְһŽʯսָռС
ʱ
ǽд򿪵ʱ򣬽䴦һȰҲűˡ
ֻá¡¡ű״򿪣֮͸ĹҲӳ뼸Уǧȥֻùâãرҫ۾
ֵǰƺڰסЩǿ⡣
ӦЩâԺ󣬷Žɿˡ
ǧգգ۾е˸˴źͱ𴦵ͬǽɫһƬã
ɽģǧȴ⴦İвͬЩâ֮кмڶӳڽƹâ£˲ͽŪñʲѡ
ǧӻ䣬ͼǰİ˦Щɾ£һһʱΧΪ˼֡
ŨİǧʶץκͷϲֱֵۣôŨңɢġ
Ҳɢקǧֱۡ
ϲͬҲˣףĺŪҪ׵ˡ
קףǧɢˡǧüͷҲšǶǣ֣ڰ֮кɢġ
ϲקĸɲɢ
ɴɴͬǣ֣϶£ɴɴֳɵĵطһ֪ˣǻעⲻɢġ
ǧ˿ɣһЩɣǧˡ
˵仰ԺǧǣŷڰΧİʵ̫࣬Ǹ֪Ķߡ
ǧǰİüͷҲʱ˽ŲΪʵ̫ŨˣͿҲ֪Ķš
ô죬̫ŨƲ·ˡǧ˽ε°ڣһʱ֪ôá
ηֽǧСסƿ꣬ǳǳû£Ҿͳɣ¡
εǧֻȫĶӷεģǳЦҲ£ǲ֪ıߣ֪𣿡
ǰһʱȴû˵
ǧ֪˼ҲĬûпڴ
ûãβǿ˵ߡ
ǧգգ۾ţã
˵ţϲֵ֣ŷߵķȥ˼ŤͷɴɴҲŷߣ֪ıߡ


1085 ع

ɴɴҲ˷
˼ǰİǵһЩǰ·ҲܿһЩˣǧˣһâǰİȻ࣬ѵҶ·ˣ
ǰԲ
ǧգգ۾Ĭظࡣ
˼ǰİɢȥˣǰһҲø
ǧ۾еĹâŨ˼֣ǰİѾûˣǻҶ·˷Σ㾿ôģ
ڰ߶վȷλʲô첻أ
δڵڸ˼־Ө֮ɫΪˮ
ˮǧ󣬲Щɻ󣬡ˮйϵ𣿡
εͷɤǳǳģƻżЦ⣬ˮȻˣϸˮұųˮķߣû뵽ıҶˡ
ǧɴ˫ɰ
Цŵͷƺϲȵӡ
ûãǧŻҲŸ̾һ䣬㻹˵㻹ʲôǲģ
գգ۾٣ܣûУ
ǧʧЦһͱͱǰû֣㾹Ȼ
û˵еЦȴΪ˼֡
ɴɴô߳˰ĵطЩ𾪣ŷεҲ˳ݡ
ʦǴʦǳ
ΧİѾȫûˣģ̌ſǰط
һİعһĵط
ΧɫĹâһһģƵģһֹζ
ǧգգ۾Щ𾪵ؿǰһУжǽӲӵһƬžһİޱȵĵطҲ̫˰ɣ
û뵽ȻǸôڰĵعǧƿ꣬Щŵ˵һ䡣
ϲǰİһУҲû뵽ģ˳ǧ°ڣףЩɫĵƻ𣬾ǻϵ˵Ĺ𣿡
ǧǲһ顣
˰
ǹ𣬾ͨѣֻɫЩǧԴ˼䣬ϲ󣬲ҧҧԼָ⣬ԭǹ𰡡
䣬ھȻЩʧ䡣
ǧˣЩСһ
ԺٿЩǧϲ֣˵һ䡣
ϲգգ۾Щ޹øģ˵ĵʱԿһĵʱ⡣
ǧüͷһšԭұǱøˣܸһЩֵֹĻһұ˿ôã
ǧķԺٺһ𿴻Ǿģͺá
ϲֱ죬ǵģǻСŲҪݡ
¼ǧ࣬ϲֻܵͷװӦˡ
ӦˣǧҲĿ˻Ժɵúúú˵˵ɱٸֵֹĶˡ
÷ϲԺǧٴοǰĵعİĵعлеɫĹâƯţЩâɢ֮⣬̻⽻һһʱ侹ЩΨ
ɴɴͬǰĵطҲû뵽ӲӵİڣͻȻİޱȵĵعʵڹĽ
ھȻô޴ĵعʵڲͬѰ
عЩѰɴɴָ⣬˵һ䣬˵ı᲻عС
ǧ˫һͷпعѰƺܸܵ͸һ˿˵Ǳɢġ
ɴɴ˫ͬģҵǾٺòˣǳǰȥ
䣬ָǰ
ǰһССҲеɫĹâƯһһģɷǺÿ
ǧŤͷΣͼҲͷ𴽰꣬˵ɣȥСǱ߿ɡ
˿첽ߵСĵطģǵӰҲʧСУΨЩɫĹâһֱΧƯš
ɭ֮С
ǧѩͺڰλٴλөһϮ£վһ࣬ģȡ
ˮϣЩ꣬һ۱֪Ǹӡ
λϣҵ𣿡ǧѩǰһСһ䡣
ãȴûҵκα켣ĭǵĶдϢȴĭЩʵڱĺܣһ쵽ֻ֪ȥû˼Ѱʲô
ֵǣѰ˼ȻûٷǧǵӰˣҲ֪ǾȥĶǻȥˣҲҵ˱ڵĵط
ǧҧҧвЩܡ
ө񾲾һۣû˵
ûҵˮһҲһۣأ֪ʲô𣿡


1086 Щˮ

ǧѩӣЩ˵Ҳûҵʲô
ˮһֱĿ⿴ǧѩüдżŭûҵΪҪźŵȫٹˣǣ
ˮҧгݣ޲һѽǧѩ
ǧѩŵõһҲɪɪǣûˣǣôˣֻҵûжңɭʣµȫЩҷҸǸûκ
өû˵
ˮȴšüͷʵǧأҲû
ǧѩҧŴǣЩûǧǣҲ֪ǵȥĶѾҵ˰ɡ
ˮҲһ
ҲһֱɭѰңǺҲûǧǵӰͷ·ƾʧһ㣬ѲɣѾҵڵĵطˣ
ˮɫ仯ͣǧѩ̿ˮһʱҲ˵Щʲô
ө˿һۣʼնĬţһ仰Ҳû˵
ө˵ˮ߲ѣŤͷҲ˼֣өô˵㵢ȥû᳤ô죿϶ڵǱ
ڰǰһִģǻ᳤ʲô⣬ڰҪˣʱ򣬺ڰὫڣ
Ų鷢
ˮƣҲһĨᶨɫֶ
өˮһۣ֮ſ˵㣬̫ˡ
ˮšü̫ˣ
өŤͷ˵
ǧѩպյվһ࣬ɳ˵ΧҲ
ſˮҲЩء
ãөŴ󷢴ȱ˿ڣǾǾԶ߽ǰ
䣬өǰСơ
СӺ淺㾧Ө֮ɫþˣһ澵Ƶġ
߶Щˮɫٴγ˼֣߶ЩʲôҪľǽűĵطҵЩ׵
Щ˵꣬ˮӸΪ˼֣ҧҧөǲģͷ·ڻ᳤һ
ˮŭ˫ɫҲΪѿ˼֡
өˮ˫ŭݣüɫҲƽȵĺܣЩȥЩףطԺҾһָоָоΪǿˡ
ˮȻɴ˫⻰ʲô˼
ǧѩͬөѲɣѾ⿪ˣ
ө䣬Ŀˮϴת˲òǿ˵ϸˣǲǰĺһ龵𣿡
ˢˢ濴ȥ
ͼʱǺ沨ԵģЩˣϸһƻһÿľӣ
֪ǧѩˮЩֲ˵ǾǾѵ˵ľ棿
˵ģ棿ˮָǰСӣȻֻǲ²⣬Ǽĺܣɺ漸仰ʲô˼أ
ʲôԶ߽ǰǰĺй
ǧѩҲ֪Щөȥһۡ
өƿ꣬СɭΧһɭ־ܿȴע⵽СӣֻȥɭѰɲԶ߽ǰ𣿡
ͷһʱȻ
ôһ˵ȫ⿪ˣҷǳеˮǰǰСӣҲ˵СУ
ǧѩͬǰһҲֳһḬ֮̃ɫ
өе̰ȴû˵ЩʲôͬǰСӣ˵Ҳֻôһ飬ûʲôˮ֪֮
϶бģǧѩ뵽ʲôһӹµһת˵ǰǧǾСߴ񣬵ʱҾ;Щ֣˶ɭΪƫƫСߴ
өüʾȥ˵
ǧѩ򴽰꣬˵ø߿֪ˣǿ϶ŻСߴɭжûǵˣǿ϶֮ˮˣ
һˮ˶üǾȻˮ˲ɣҲЩˮñﶼˡ
ǧѩһԸ͵ǰǻǿЩˮɣ
ө˿һۣ̾һôһ㼱أ
ɣˮɡөź棬Ƭ̲ǵͷ
ǧѩЩȹھˮ뵽ʲôһæͣ¾ٶЩؿˡ
ôˣˮЩͷ
ǧѩָ⣬Щµ˵СӣҲǺģǾȥˮ𣿡


1087 㶵

ˮһۣЩ޴Ǻڰȫʥҩᱻˮģ
ǺڰȫʥҩһСʲôˮ˵ţͽָռеҩƷȡЩƳҩƷֻҪԺˮгͨ裬ҲֻܼʱѣԣһҪʱｫҵ
ǧѩЩؿеҩƷ
һǳɫĵҩӳµʱԵúÿǳϸһʱܷöҩЩ죬滹һǳǳơ
ǧѩſˮһʱҽӹ
˭֪ˮóľƶҩȻóô޺ȴֹЧܺõĵҩ˲òɣòŰ
öҩʲôðɣ
ǧѩ򴽰ֻ꣬Щۣòóöҩأ
ˮ۾ǿǧѩ룬ЦһҲż֮ɫģöҩ޶ģһ³ԺüҲˡ
ǧѩ˿ɿˮڵЩˮϼΪóֵҩĸҲİղžǾõҩ̫ÿЩ˶ѡ
𣿡ˮһĿⲻǧѩϴת
ǧѩ첲ΪزͷȻҼΪϲˮƵĵҩ
ˮ۾ЦЦؿǧѩȻϲͿЩ°ɡ
ǧѩüĲһܾˮЦñ⣬ЩӣĻֲܲЦһЦһڽҩȥ
ҩڵʱûʲôζȥʱ򣬱ÿڳݼУر
ˮϣöҩĿڸзǳáǧѩҩȥڿ˼䡣
ˮ°̧ø߸ߣƵĵҩȻǲġ
ǧѩһЦȴҲ˵ˡ
ʱөѾ˺ˮС
ˮҲȥǧѩʾ
ֻá顱˱ȫˮˣܿ˵ӰƲˡ
ԼյĹ˺ˮ£زˮµʱΧĺˮȻˣƬ̣ˮûˡ
ˮѾûˣǧѩɴЩɻΧôûкˮˣղΧȫǺˮ
ﻹǺӵףôܻûкˮأ
өΧһܿ췢Χһ͸ϣƿ꣬ȣΧ󷨣󷨽ˮ⴦طûкˮˡ
ǧѩɾޱȣȻд˵󷨣
û󷨡
ˮƲۣڽټ֣
ǧѩսƣаޣҲ˺ƤֻܽίʣﾹȻô󷨣Ǿ˵һط
䣬ĴȥѰұɵ̧ʱ㿴˲ԶĹ̻Իͣ⴦ˮԵø⻪ۡ
ǧѩŲԶĹЩȵ˵ӵô㾫µĹ
Ӵڽʱ϶˲ٹɣ
ˮөҲǼˣɼǰĳʱҲһ˲񣬺ӵ׳ôһѾܾˣһôôֱӵ׻ʹһ
өȻҲ֪Ǻ˽ģµĹ
ˮҲȻôµĹļʺܴ󡣡
ǧѩ˫̾ǿЩȥɣֻϣǧǻûҵõط
ģȴһֲԤ
ȥɡө
ˮ̧˽ȥǧѩֱֱ
뵽Ժӳеһûƽ̶ɵĵ񣬱ΧѰ
رȥʱǰͳһš
֮ǽ̻Ի͵һƬ߽ȥʱֱӾͿǿտҲԲ̨Բ̨֮ϻһЩĺۼͲˡ
˽Բ̨ϵĺۼֱӸԲ̨Ͽ϶ʲôö¾öӰӶûˡ
ǧѩҧм־ɫһǧѾȵǽĺöˡ
өˮɫЩѿǱ˽ȵȻ֪ߵʲôݰڲŵ˵ЩߵĶȻǼõĶٿϵѺۣӦĺۼ
ѲɣõһЩȽϺõ
˸ᣬܿ˵ڶڡ
ڶڲûʲôöеֻһƣ
ϵ̵ʱֱӴԭ


1088 ˸

ϵֶǡֿͷıǲԾһ֪д֮ݺܲͬ
ѲɣЩλǸޱȵϼģ
ϼ˼ΪóƳǼƷôղԲ̨µۼѲɾƵģ
ƵģǿɶЩƷҲֲÿлԭЩ
֪Ժòš
ˮһºľӣЩԲ̨ϵЩȻˣȻǱǧߵģһЩƷ񲻾ǵˣ
䣬ˮЩգ˫ҲŤ
өһۣ䶯ţһû˵
ǧѩɫҲЩѿΪڹͷѰʲôɾѰһټöҲǱǧȵˡ
ŮˣΪһֱԼԣ
뵽˴ǧѩҲŤ
ө֮Ϊǵģƿ䣬տвŨȣҸҿ϶Щ󲻹ЩƷʺЩңǳıϱߣԣҪľҪıҵ
һǧѩҲ
ûҪľҪǳıҵģܾܲͲˡ
ԣǳıɲܱǧǽȵˡǧѩգգ۾˵һ䡣
ˮͬһ䣬ҪľҵǱ᳤пܸԭɱǧǸƻˡ
өҲǵͷûǿЩɡ
˵ˣ̧Ȱȥ
Ȱţ˺ܿͱǰľ¸ˡ
⴦طȻȫǱ䣬һӲӵģԵüΪֻ쳣µıп϶Ųٺöɣ
ǧѩǰı䣬¶һḬ֮̃ɫö౦䰡Ҵ󲿷ֶǹŵģвǴ򿪵ģѲɣǧǲ뽫öù⣬¼䣿
һ룬ǧѩ־ǧǺûôģǰıȷкܶǹŵİ
ôһأ
ǧѩָ⣬һʱ˵һȻ
өˮҲ֡
Ѳɣǧķ֣һЩ
ɲΣЩ䶼ˣǲ򿪵ĻϿ϶˯žġ
ˮŤͷǧѩһۣȥı򿪡
ǧѩһΪʲôҪ򿪣ѲʲôԵĵط
ǧѩŴǣվԭûж
ŲôɵȥСأ
ǧѩվԭûжˮ۾յǧѩϵĻôһҲˣұЩġ
ǧѩٴβһ£Ҳ͸һĨš
Ȼ˵һЩԼ
ΪԼòκζ¿ˮ˻ûôŸԼһЩ
ˮϣ㵱һЩǧѩָ⣬Сһ䡣
ˮָ⣬ǧѩеģûˡ
ǧѩ˫Ҳƺ˼֣Ϊʲôûˣʲô𣿡
ˮеɫģ˪һ㲢㽫򿪣ȴϴ򿪣˵һὫ𣿡
ǧѩϣʱ±лʲôأԲûд򿪣²򿪱ûбЩҪˣǼ
һ룬ǧѩѸٻҸղŲһ£˭˵Ҳ뽫򿪵ģͽ򿪲ͳ𣿡
ˮЦøΪɰͱϻЩһˣ
ΪЩǧѩֻıˡ
䱻򿪵ʱǧѩ̿ˮҲ˼֡
һԭء
ﾹȻʲôûôÿıУȻʲôûУ
ôǧѩҧĿȴضǰı䣬Ҫ俴һ
ô£Ϊαоûκζǧѩſտı䣬˶ɪɪʵû뵽оʲôûС
ٲãҲЩСөˮͬҲ۾ƺҲû뵽侹Ȼǿյġ
ˮǧѩЩͷ˵һ䡣
ǧѩŴ꣬ȴֲ˼ֻֽһӴ򿪣ǿյġ
ǿյġǧѩǸ޲ڵ϶弸š
өˮɫͬЩãӣŶǿյģҲ˰ɡ


1089 ȫҴ

Ҫ𣿡ǧѩŤͷСһ䡣
ˮڷһ򿪰ֱǰЩȫΪ
ǧѩҲ뽫ǰıȫ򿪣Լĸ첲һʱ侹ֲиֶ
ͺЩУʲôΣһڣˮٴüôֲ뽫ˣ
ǧѩȻҲżЦ⣬ûھͽ򿪡
㶯㣡ˮ۴ߴ٣֮ȫǲ֮ɫ
ǧѩԹޣȴֲҷֻܽŽ򿪡
һΣǧѩûôˡ
ֻһǿҵĹâӱǵâܴ͸һжҲżȻɱ֮⡣
ǧѩˣŵýŲһŲ㵽һԣǱŹâˡ
һʱ䣬ֱϵĲϱ˺ˣͬʱֱҲһѪۡ
ѪۺѪҲڲͣǧѩסֱۣ۵ŤΪʲôлͻȻһ⣿
ˮǰı䣬һʱҲЩɵ
ө۾ǧѩȥʣµıȫ򿪣
ͻȻ֣Щǰĳеģղǧѩ򿪵ı䶼ǷλõλϣɾλӣǿǴɱ֮ĹâЩλӲõѾȫˣѲɣЩλӲõĲźö
Ϊ˵õ֤ʵ뵽ǧѩС
ǧѩƺ֪ͼǲԸ⣬ҲҪЩΣָʲôأ뽫Һ𣿡
өüǧѩڿһαҪô鷳뽫ŪѾˣలµ˵
ǧѩ
⻰ʲô˼
Ҳ˵򿪱ĻͻὫԼɱ
뵽˴ǧѩӲһ£ȻˣӵϵħɳٳٲͻЩҲͣͺþˣөˮֱǲһ
ҪԼɱͶ㲻ȥġ
˱еĹâΪΣռ֣
ٹâܶ㿪㿪֮âҲûˣһ϶ˣͻ᲻ݣ
ǧѩſˮΪԼİȫֻȥӣ֪ˣھȥӳ𣿡
ˮýСȣŭȥ˵Щϻʲôã
ǧѩҧҧŽһһ򿪡
Ǳ֮ûκζеֻһǿ⣬ǧѩЩǿ⣬ǿȫ㿪ʱҲˣģǱ
һֱֱ̱˵ϡ
ÿЩǿ̫ˡǧѩµؿڣ촽ҲͣȫҶȥˡ
ǧѩ˵ţ˿ϣ˿˶ûȫ̱ࡣ
ˮûκζԺɫˣô£оȻʲôûУѵЩֻΪ˺ÿѣǧǿ˵㱦䣬ҲΪŶ±ֱ˵ģ
²
ǧѩֲ²ԺòѪ
ǰɣ
ЩиûκζֻΪ˺ÿѣ
ǧѩҧ˫һʱĺúڰ֪ΣվͲȥЩˣһﶼûõŵ亹죬ˣ
өĬƬ̣ǿ˿ڣӦòֻǺÿǧǴ򿪵ı䣬Ӧжġ
өȻ⻰Ǻ⣿
ǧѩͬҲөһ˵
ө˵ע£ڵϸӦÿԷ֣ЩǰĳеģǸղŴ򿪵ı䣬ڵĺλãǧǴ򿪵ĶЩλá
˻Щס
ˮǸӣ׷ʵ㾿ʲô˼Щ˵
ө̾һǿ˵õλûʲôöɼλþ˵׼ˣͿһУûнЩ򿪡
ˮǧѩüͷ
ˮƿ꣬Щ꣬Ҳ˵֪֮߱Щﶼûʲô͹⽫úͷΪЩкöǴ򿪣
өͷɡ
ˮƣ˫
ǧѩͬҲǧǸˣļأҲ̫ƻˣһһûж㿪Щǿأ뽫ɱ
һөˮɫЩѿ
һ뵽ﶼǧˣҲòǴЩûõıԺҪɱˡ
ǧѩܵϵɱԺ񲻽һ¡
ˮһŽûõı߿ǿ˵ЩѾûʲôˣǽȥİŰɡ


1090 ЩԾ

өͷˮȥһС
ǧѩ
ȥ˼ԺȴûҵκζеһжǿյģԭװűĽѾյˡ
ЩѾǧߣһʣ
ˮ߿ԵĶǾʲôʱģôеһжˣ
ǧѩˣҲǷ߿쳣ǧǸΪǰãȻܵõôö
ǣǧΪãǧѩüȫŭɫôеĺöȫǸˣȴʲôûУ
ˮŤͷݺݳǧѩȥ㣡緢ǧǵжҲܿЩжҲͲ㳩ͨˡ
ǧѩ󣬲ҧҧ⻹Ĳˣ
ǰʱиǧǰ˭֪תͷĹȻˣҲܹòã
Ҫֻܹǧ̫ƻǧѩƣֵǧʵ̫ˣ
ˮөû˵
ǧѩֹ˼䣬ҲҶˡ
֮өǿ˵𼱣ǧӦûûнıȡڹȥüģ
ˮөһۣʵ棿ǧǵûҵ
өֻǵͷûж˵ʲô
ˮǧѩܿ˶ֻҪûҵͺˣﻹ⹬˶лġǰɡө˵һ䡣
ˮǧѩٸĽŲҲʧڰ֮бʱǧиӦһۡ
СԺ󣬷βһ䣬ôˣ
ǧջĿ⣬˵һ䣬ͻȻо˽뵽˹ǺڰǼ
üͷûһ£ɵĮˮЩ˶֪ģֻҪ΢ϸһЩܽ⿪е⣬ҵҲ顣
ǧüͷ΢һ£ܿҲָƽҲԣڰڲŵǿȫȡԺָᱻ
ƿ꣬ɣ޹ء
ǧüۣЦǳǳǰҪľҪҵԲúڰ˵óѡ
ڰ˿϶ǻ᳤ˣ£Բ
ͷǳ߰ɣȥұ
Ѿ뵽˵عһСУСΪΧвɫĹâƯЩâżֹɫʣȴǷÿġ
һֱСߣûпͷ
Χľһֱڱ仯ǻΪ߻ͷ·ˡ
˼ԾûߵͷΧľڲϱ仯ţǧ۾֪ΪʲôΧһжЩŹ֣˵ĶŹ֡
ǧ½ŲΧһС
ôˣͻȻͣ£δһ䡣
ǧΧһƿ˵һ䣬֪ΪʲôܾЩ֣ȻΧľһֱڱ仯ţܾ˵Ĺ졣
һҲ΢һ¡
Ҳ½ŲϸϸǧüۣΪλù죿
ǧƿüۣοȥֱܾþȻڱ仯ǺһֱԭشתȥֻҪʮǶҲȷ·
ҲЩüͷ
ɴɴһۣһʱ侹ûʲôԡ
вԾĵط𣿡ɴɴСһ䣬һоûа
ǧĿɴɴϵֱֻЩֶѣĶ֣֤˵
ɴɴƶǶص˵ͷ
ǧջĿ⣬˵Ǽߣһʲô˵ɡ
һҲûʲôΧƽĺܣӦûʲôΣ԰ɡ
ּ˼û߳СΧľȴڲϱ仯ţǧٴͣ½Ųһ㻯ĺ˪
ȻǺһֱԭ̤ǧƿ꣬΢ΧЩ仯ľȴһֱԻǣΪһֱţʵϣһֱ߻ͷ·Ҫ߳طֻһҲ߲ȥ
ü
ϲҲؿΧһʱҲЩԾ
ɴɴһۣƬ̺ҲΧһЩ֣ɴɴָ⣬˵һ䣬ղûʲôоô˵ԺΧһЩ֣ΧľҲ̫ˣԼƶƵġ
ƶ
ǧٿһЩϲؿɴɴɴɴ㻹һﾪ˰ЩҵĸоڿƶһÿһǾڲͣƶ


1091 

ɴɴ󣬲һ䣬Ҳ̫ˣû֣Ҫع֮У
ǧǰһ濴ΧľԱ仯һЩƿ꣬ǼȻҪǺñͱΣյ׼Ȼô򵥾ҵˣҲͲֵǮˡ
ɴɴЩߣϼʵ̫оǾˣһ
ǧҲ˵ͷ
ʵҲĸоϼʵڶӣÿһ鶼ˣһֵƤĺӣȴΣԣ
¸Σɴɴɿֻ֣Ҫ߼ЩͻŲһ磬ôԻţǲҲ뿪·˰
ǧƣüͷ˼֣£ֻҪ΢ϸһЩӦҳ뿪·ġ
䣬ǧΣΣö𣿡
ο°Сһʱ侹ŲĿˣһƽȷʵֻҪϸһЩҵȥ·Ҳ̫ģֻҪͺá
ɴɴⰲ˼֡
ʦ͹ʦ˶˵ǻʲôɵĵأ
ټ߼ʲôƽ֮ģ̌ĿԱߵľϡ
û·ЩҲһֱƲκǶˣЩҲᶯ
ڶʱӦøܿһЩʲôԣǧžǰߣ׼߱۲Щ
ɴɴȫûʲô飬˵߱߰ɣǿ϶µġ
˼ЩҲһֱڸıţٶʵƵϸƲЩ
ǧϸţȴûзʲô֮ͬãˣΣûзʲôԵĵط
δȴû˵
ǧŴ꣬Թ˵ȴûзκβԾĵطϼ˻ЩﾹȻõˮ©
ɴɴҲ˰졣
ЩﾹȻ
ǧκ쳣
˸ʱ򣬷ǿ˿ڣƿ꣬˵ûκζǵˮ©ģֻҪϸһЩƳЩʲô
ǧ˫𣬡ĪǷʲô
ȷʵ֡ƿ꣬ȴָ
ǧ°ڣǺ֮ɫһ˲ø⾧Ө˼֣ÿǳ
ζüۣһʱ侹ùʶĿЩƲ۾ƲͷɵĺܣϸǰľֻҪ̧ŵʱͻƶƶʱΧһССȱڡ
ȱڣ
ǧЩס
öûпνȱڰ
ԴеЦŨ˼֣ȱںССϸͿ
ǧһ飬ղϸȴʲôûƳЦü䣬߼ָֻ㿴
ǧԣ̧˼
ŤͷĵطͻȻȻָһ򣬵иϸСȱڣɫģϸƼ
ǧŤͷϸϸ˼ۺǿǸνȱڡ
ĺС϶СҲϸˣӦ΢Ƶаǧͷ´ŷμۣΣ۾ʲôģôСһȱ㶼ƼҲ̫˰ɡ
ɴɴͬ𾪲ѣʱʱο˼ۣĺ
ϲҲһֱֵ֣ôСһ㶼Ƽ˺þòƼأ
δеЦݺÿǳҵ۾Ҳûʲôͬǲ𾪡
ǧһȫĻ
ܿôϸСĶ۾ͨȥ
Īǵȼ񼶵ˣŻã
ǧ°ͣԽԽֿܣҲüӿٶˣȻǲôһأʲô¶Ҫ÷γ֣ܾЩã
þǿС
ǧսȭͷڳ˼ᶨ֮ɫ
μ仯һ䣬뵽ʲôࣿ
ǧԴЦݲ÷ǳҾãӦÿŬ׷ĲȻǿ㣬Щá
βüͷΪξòãǲǷ𣿡
ޣӦûֵ
ǧѩѸȾһΣƿ꣬˵һ䣺ǵȷǷޣҲһֱ㲢սĲ໹кܴһأұŬС
֪ȽҪǿҲִ֣һ϶Ӳı䡣
뵽һ㣬ɫҲ࣬˵ˣһһϦܳɵģڵȼҲͳɡ


1092 С

ǧƽһů⣬ʶӷεģЦҲԣȷһһϦɵģˡ
ԴЦ⽥Ժܲġ
˵Ļϲգ۾ƺҪ͵Щˡ
ǧһ۾Ͷ˷ϲ˫СüʲôҪôòã
ϲæסԼ۾Цûڿʲôûڿʲô
ǧӷϲֵ°ͣղǲʲô飿
ϲҧСָͷЩƮûаûа
ǧȴֻ˫ʲôû˵
ϲָֽͷСһ䣬ףȻǶҵϸСȱˣǲӦýϸСȱڴأ
ǧ£ѾСȱˣǷӦý飬ЩԻ˵ľŻʧ
ǧοȥ
֪Щʲôɿ˵ȷֻҪǰСȱڴ飬ЩԻ˵ľͻʧԿɡ
ǧһ˲˲ؿŷΣʵҪôأȱС
û˵ȴǺܿһɫĵ׵âת䷢죬ԶҲܸܵЩ͸ǿ֮ģмְ硣
ǧеĵâڲֳһĨ֮ɫ
ǿĵǰüΣ̲ס˹ȥҩһֱӱƻˡ
΢䣬еĵâű͸
ֻážһŹâֱСȱϣǧΪСȱںܿͻᱻƻ̫ˡ
СȱںԵȱڲͬҲ֪úβƳɣСȱھȻᷴ˺
ֻɫʱСȱһѸٽ˹ɫĵתһȦֱֱεķȥ
˺
ǧȻɴ˼֣ҲСģ
űĹâɫݣƤӶûһ¡
䣬űĹâٴγСȱϮȥһΣƺΪǿ˼֡
ֻáڶɫĵвǿ⣬Сȱڵʱâ䣬˲佫Сˡ
ʱǸСȱڻʱһ˿ǿĵ֮뵽Сȱ֮УЩ಻ϣƾСȱѲСȱҲֹͣ󣬻ɢˡ
СȱһɢΧľҲȻһ¡
Ҳ߼ͻ仯ľˣǳСÿһСò࣬ϸ棬ܿɫĹâڿƯ
ǹЩˡ
ǧǰСһʱ侹Ծ
ɴɴҲЩסȫû뵽ΧССò࣬ӦһСأ
ɴɴָ⣬һ䣬ô࣬ҳö࣬ǾӦһȽϺأ
˫ֳĬ
ǧšüɫҲͻȻˣСȻƽǱĳΣգӦŶԿ£Ҳ֪ôˡ
˼أϲקקε䣬һ䡣
δĿͶϲֵϣһȴû˵·˼ʲô
ϲҧָ⣬Ҳɵû׷ʡ
ǧͬΣһСʮ־ᣬһˡ
γһֿۣٽĿͶСϣ۾ϸϸһָеһССɣܸܵˮķСӦûġ
ûɣȫһηεģ
ãǾͶСһҪСģǶ֪СлʲôǧŤͷ㶣һ䡣
ɴɴ󣬲ɵ˵ͷ
˵֮󣬼˿ٽ뵽ָСС
СǼ˲ߣҲºöյطټʮҲ⡣йڿƯţС֮вİõģµ·Ҳøһʱ֮䣬ЩƯŵĹƻƵģÿǳ
СȫһɴɴΧֹΪİ뾹ȻرƯ
ǧƿ꣬˵һ䣬ȷʵÿԽǺÿĵطԽΣգǶҪСˡ
ɴɴͷ֪ˣǻСĵġ
ǧ󣬴һȴû˵
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻǰˡ
ţҲҡһ˲Ժ󣬲˽Ų


1093 ׼

ɴɴĴһȴʲôûƼô°ôͻȻ촫ˣҵ𶯵ĺ͸һ
ɴɴɻͬҲǧɻüͷǰܷʲôҪҪȹȥ
ǰĶر˵׼ʲôΣգǵĺʵǿңȥһվסˡ
ǧ˵ԺһµͷƱҪе鶼Ūˣȥɣǿ϶ҪǰģΪһȴأ
ǶӦˣǧĵҲ˼֣һָǳǳȴּΪɣھͽȥ
̳Դȥ
ߵúСģȫŪʲô޴
ǰ϶ž޴ΣգǿɵСһЩǱĳΣŪôֲͲˡ
˼ԺǰҲԽԽˡ~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
ģ̌һЩȻ״ȴֽ͸׵ڿƯţǲײΧǽڣ˵ûط֮ıһضɽҡ
Щ״Сһһֱź顣
ǧЩٴһ㶣Ҳ̫˰ȻҲ״һЩ飬Īǿǣ
Щ͸ʲôɴɴҲ챻ˣɴδĻ棬״ĶڿƯҾٶСһôǵ
һԼЩκġ
ӵҲ̫˰ͷϲͬˣ⻭ǲģ棬ȴһĨ졣
Ҳǧֹһ䣬ҲܿҺδ˵
ЩӦòͻȻ˵һ䡣
ǧŤͷĿڷʲô
ָԶ̨϶ѵŵЩȻҲƵģƵ༫ƷҲһЩĻ꣬ǾʹԼĻʵ壬عͲѰʵҲ
ǧ𺳣Ҳ˵ЩƯŵĶĻ꣬͸ħܿһҲˣ
ƿ꣬ȻǿԵģֻ⡣
ǧʶͷеҲûˣƿһ䣬ֲõһȰеܷԭЩǵĻ꣬ҲʻģǲûЩˣʵ塣
󣬲صͷ
ǧ뵽ʲôһֿһ䣬ҵѪ﷨أҸоҲԼ˼룬Ҳʬ𣿡
εﶼԣȴǵÿʱͻԵ
ǧڲЩڴڴҵķʵ塣
ɴɴͬҲڴʵ壬Ǿͺˣ
ʱе껹ڲƯźľٶģмֿɰĸо
͸Щ꣬ǧԲ̨֮ϾһУǽǽӲӵģΪ£͸ƫĽһģһ
иСǧָŶĽУǸкƫеһҲʲôö
ǧ˺ܿҲԲ̨ϵǷС
ǽССģܾҲܺÿ滹һƷ
ڵĵطƯĻ꣬ЩƺػŽһƺ޺˭֪ʵԸأ
ЩĻһֱڽΧػаɡɴɴָΧ꣬˵һ䡣
ܡǧһģĿҲŵȥ˼֡
ɴɴ򴽽ǣ˵һ䣬֪ЩԸΣǺõĻǲͿֱӽˣ
ǧЩ꣬ɫƺ˼֣ЩԸƺ̫á
˵ţָеһꡣ
ǸԸ꣬ʲô䵽϶ᱻ
ϵɱ⣬ģûκ¶ȡ
ɴɴˣɵֱ۾죬ȻײУǱǰ㶼桱
ǧֵڴ䣬СǸӦСģЩ겻Ǻǵġ
ɴɴæͷûЩģô࣬ǾСģҲܲǵĶĿɣʱиôȡأ
ǧָ⣬˳˼
ѽôȡأ
һģ̌ͷĿڷתΣȥɴɴǾȥȡ߽Уһ֮ڶСмϣǿΣ
һСģСǼǰ


1094 ѹ

ɴɴһ㶣ȥҲ̫Σհɣ
˵ţȫǲͬ⡣
ǧȥֻ꣬Ҫȡ߽оͳˣΣ̾˳ɴɴҲռС˵ˣһ̾Ͳͬˡ
ɴɴͬ⣬ǧ˵һ䣬õģεʵܺãȫˣҷµĴʦʵǻ
ɴɴеĵҲɢ˼֣Ҳ԰µĴʦЩײУҲһܽƷϾǴʦ
ټǧҲһ̬ｫһ̬ŪЩǷַӵ°
ɴɴǿһۣɿڵɣǿɵСˣЩʵ̫ײˡ
ҲСġǧǳһ䡣
ɴɴͷĲǿ϶ûΣա
ǧЦ
ϲȴǳ˳°ڣףһҪСİڶСϵǻġ
ǧЦԴŰɣǿ϶ȫ˵ġ
ֻһˣܲţ࣬Ƕˣһ궼£
վԭϸƬ̣ǧͷǳˡ
һܿͳС
˴룬̾
죬ǵĵعһֱƽɽվȻˣǶеģеķ˱
ţ̳ǧ͹ȥ
һɲǼ䣬⴦طɱķұ֡
Ȼô䣬˿û¶ǧüһȴûκκ֮⣬ֱͳѪ﷨ӭȥ
μˣҲϵѹɢ˷Ҳӭȥһʱ֮⴦طƮɢǿҵѹ͸ɴƵģŪ
ҲһЩǺǵĿ֪̫ǧͷٴϮϣȫɱ֮涼¡
ʱɴɴѾȡûжǿٳСȥߵСʱɴɴʶͷһۣԭأҲһ顣
ôˣɴɴ鲻ԣһ䡣
ɴɴǰľ󣬲૳죬Ҳ̫ײ˰ȫǵѹ
ΪЩµģ˭룬Ǿһǧͷ׷Ŵ
׷ŴҲͰˣǾȻûκλ֮ǧֱ˫һȣͽü˽ŵ£һ¾
ǧֲ˼ţȵֱޡ
Ůʵ̫ײˣؾѾʵ壬Ůǰûаֻ֮ѵͷ˶
һ룬ŵɪɪ
ǧҲûôʾˣµҲ˼֣ȴԾûзſѾ֪ǵˣҲҶǳˣ
ֱޣǧʣ̳ˣҲˡ
ǵЩ֣ǻһ㣬Щʵģȴִżصɫʣ˷·һصĻþ֮С
ǾˡǧָָǷУɫһ䣬˫֮ҲƽһĨɫٸ׷Ҳ⽫Ǵʵɢȥ
ǲӦͬɢѹ
һʱ䣬⴦طѹŨҲøΪ˼֡
ŵɪɪŮӿǸӸޣɢѹЩܲˡ
ٴγģ۸СϱһǲˣĲˣǸҪȥɣûκ
ģ̌ŽЩſˡ
ǵõͷţ̷ɵԶͷ·𿴵ʲôˮƵġ
ǧűӣԼѵԼ̫ˣ
ưЩŵЩǧԼŵȫ޲þʹιȥ̱һ𣬷·ֻǲŲẦ¡
ųһţСģ״ǧ̾˿Ҳ£ȻǶӦиˣҲġ
ǻǱһȫǲΡ
ߣ
ײŮ˻ͻȻã
ǾԲŵģ
ǿ϶һǹԹԾͷԹԱ۸
ǧҲûٹǣŷξСȥ
ˣ˿ǰȫˡ
Сڵɴɴ;ȵŴͣ죬ʵ̫ײˣЩ걻úĺܡ
ôɵˣǧ֣ɴɴǰһ¡
ɴɴܵԺѸٻ񣬡濴ɵҲ̫ײ˰ɣЩźÿ


1095 ʯ

ǻὫзϣǧӹɴɴеĽУʱЦˣⷽҲǾ·ǳ֪ͷʲô
ɴɴһҲԣЩ걾ײУҪøΪײеǣǲŻԹ
΢٣ֵܣǲʲôʯأ
ʯ
ǧ°еĽУʲôʯҲûκռĶɱʯ̫ˡ
ϣһЩĶɡˣҲҪЩԿ״򿪵𣿡ɴɴǷУЩϲ˵һ䡣
ǧһúпܣⷽиףûв´ĻȷҪЩԿ״򿪵ģİԿǻϸ
䣬ǧ̽ռеԿȡ
ʣԿףǲϸҲһһ롣
ŲðַգԿ׺Ҫһıһأ
ʣԿϵֱֲͶÿһÿǳ
ǧŤͷοȥΣһе״ʲô
εִ˹ȥ
ϵһ״Ķ״ֻҪԿһ۱ܱǧǸ״ɽӳŶԿȡ
ԿϿŶӦǺ׶Ӧġǧƿ꣬˵һ䡣
οǰԿһۣƿȷԿףȽд򿪣ʲôɡ
ǧ󣬲˵ͷԿ׶׼ס
ֻáǲһǷлıˡ
ǧһģЩϲ
ɴɴͬϲ֣ǽǸ򿪵ĽУһ䣬ʲô
ǧпȥĶʱⲻһ
ģǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ɴɴ˵һöʯ
˵ţǧͽеʯȡһöѪɫʯӳڵƻʱЩɫѪҺڲţ͸ùÿǳ
ͬģɴɴҲһ޸ֶ
öɫʯ͸ӨĺܣһƷƵģǸղŵõöɫʯҪÿ
öʯҲ̫ÿ˰ɣɴɴɾһҲоɫֶȸղöɫʯҪÿƷһⶫҲܼӿ˵ٶȰɣ
ǧǰʯһʱҲû˵
һۣ֮˵ˣöɫʯٶȵģϵģƷʾͻǸƷ
Щϲϲźˡ
֮û˻ⶫ߸˷ѡ
ǧźɫʯüͷһȻϵʯûκιϵˡ
Ҫ𣿡ǧ˵еʯ
ɴɴ֣ҪˣֲҪöʯʲô
ͬҡҡͷֻɱУ
ǶҪǧ㽫öʯսԼĿռУöʯҾˣʱҿܻὫ
Ҳòš
ɴɴڰ֣˵ɣҲûã磬ˡ
ǧһЦȴû˵
˿̣ȴǽѾյĽУղŵõöʯüͷʯֻһ;
۾ܾûô򵥣öʯܻб;򴽽ǣһʱȴҲûнһ²˵
ǧεı仯һ䣬ΣôˣΪһصģ
ҡҡͷڵ˫ȴУûʲôͻȻ뵽һЩ飬ҲЩ޹ؽҪ顣
ǧЩţ棿£ǵһҪ˵
εͷ֮гůɫ֪ˡ
ǼǰߡǧǰСС͸ղŵС࣬İģʱʱɫĹƮƯ
˶̤Ѱұ;ʱһߡ
ǧѩȴǱĺܡ
ûҵκαҲˣǾڵĻأЩҲƲ磬Ϊ˶ǱŪǱȫļҲ
ǧѩһ߶Щأһ߰Ǻ޵ΪʲôǻᴥôأΪʲôǧǼã
ΧĺۼΧ£׼ȷжϳǧǲδأһ·ǳͨġ
ȴǶûﲻ˵ǻؾʹ࣬ҶɱĿ»أǶÿ죬ֻҪΪеˡ


1096 Ǳ

ܵһأǧѩŵ˿ãЩضǶȥˡ
өˮҲ£ЩʵڿµĽҪݣֻҪҪڹˡ
ˮߵϵĹӣЩŭûпȻôأʵڿɶ񡣡
ǧѩһ䣬ǧǾûдأ϶ǽù˴ݸˣǼֱǵĿǡ
өˮɫΪѿ˼֡
ǰǿǣ
ù˲˵Ȼ²ٻأֱж
ˮսȭͷЩҧгݵһҿǧǣһǺùġ
ǧѩһЦˮ¶ĹΪʱһЩɫζĶҩһֻжˡ
ʱûнҩǧǼ˻·Nɪ
ǧѩúǲ֮㸽͵ѽǧʵڿɶ񣬵ʱǣԲ顣
өǧѩһۣüͷ˼֡
ˮҲɵһ㲻ҵ֣ǧѣΪҺúŪ֪̣
û뵽Լ뷨ᱻ͸ǧѩһɫҲûǲȥˮ
ˮ˵ʲôôЩǧָ⣬Ź
ˮЦһеŨ֪˵ʲôװɵˡ
ǧѩŴ꣬ˮѹǱŵһ仰˵
ˮٴߣѹŨ
ǧѩһ̱ڵء
өһۣʱ򿪿ڻգҪٶ˵ˣӦüǰȥѰұѵűﱻǧߣ
˵Ӳһ¡
Ҫǧǽߣ
У
ǲеģ
ǧǽߡͬ߿쳣
өһۣ˵Ǿͼǰ
һǼǰѰұ
ûã˱һȫǰֵİ֮УǧѩǰƯŵİüͷ죬ö·ˡ
өˮϹǲڰǰȫûǧѩһͬǰ˼
ǧѩڰУأǰһȫȫƲУȥөǣɷץеֻһ΢Ŀ
أ
ǧѩһǲ붪Լܵɣ
뵽˴ǧѩϰµģҲ·ˮһϵ·ȫʪˣҪ
һ߲һֱЩסָΰ
ιǧѩ󺰴ǲôҵİҲǺڰһԱǲ顣
ĽŪөˮͷ۵ĺܡ
ŮôôУǷˣ
ˮȡһöСʯӣǧѩķȥʲôʲôʱ˵Ҫˣ㲻Լ˳𣿡
ǧѩ˫ˮˣڸ
ǧѩ˳߹ȥ汻ҵˮǣŴУڶˣղˣһΪҪˡ
ˮ۾һۣ㻹Ƿˣ˵²𣿡
ǧѩĲһ£ǲҶ໰
ˮٴߣǧѩ˼֡
ǧѩſˮŬԼĴڸС
ˮŤͷǰȥǧѩʵɵĺܣɲٹˣղҲѾ御ˡ
ǧѩˮѾתȥ۾һգԭأǷӦ˹Ѹٸȥ
ɿеЩɲɢȥ
ѰҲȷĳ·ǱǧѩͷĳЩ̵λϣЩŨô°þȻû߳ȥ⵽׸ô찡
өˮšüͷ
ֽʱ̣Ů˾Ȼ룬ʵĺܡ
ˮƢղסƿ˵һ䣬񣬡ŮܱܲˣǲѰҳ·ٷǾͽ㶪طˡ
ǧѩŵôӲҰ˼֡
ҶطҲ˵ͳˡǧѩ̿ڣж˼ֿǻͽš
͸ұ죡ˮһ׵ŭţҪǧѩ˺ˡ
ǧѩܵһУֽӸŵɪɪһ仰Ҷ˵ˮөٴΧѰǾͲˣǲƬѰҵ·Ƭģ
ȱߣȵһ¡өƬ֮¶һĨ⣬ͷ·뵽ʲôһ


1097 ԭشת

ˮˣһ䣬ҵȥİ취ˣ
өˮȥһۣ˵ͷҿ֪ȥİ취ھ͸ߣɢˣֻƾԼȥˡ
˵ЩʱөŤͷǧѩЩ˵ġ
ǧѩһͷһӿŲ
Ҳ֪˶ãǰİɢȥ˲٣ǧѩˣ˴ǣǰİԽԽˣǳ𣿡
өˮһۣɫҲͣ뿪Ǹطˮƿ꣬Ҳżϲζǰ뿪ǸطˣЩʵڿɺ
ǧѩҲͬĸо⸽һ䣬ȷʵĺܣө㾿ôģоһκɾͳˡ
ˮҲͬɻөȥһۡ
һֱ֪өģɲ뾹ԼôӴǵĿ⣬өƿ꣬˵Ǹˮжϵģˮķ򣬻汻ҵ˳ȥ֮
ǧѩˮЩȡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣֻҪˮķ߶ҵȥ·Ҳ֪ө񵽵ô뵽취ġ
ˮٴөһۣȴʲôû˵
өҲɳĬ˿ӳеһ̻Ի͵ƫ
Ưĵطǧѩǰƫ̾һ䣬ƫ͸ʹƫƵģʤһ
һõط˶ٲܽ佨
ǧѩ򴽽ǣһʱ֮Ҳһɫ
˾Ȼ㸻
ǧѩָ⣬һʱЩζ
ǸģȻᱻƳ磬˵ƵܲҲ˶֮ɫɣҵ˻رأӲǰٸƯ
˵ǱǧѩȴǺֱ
ˣõƵ˭ЩûеģҶ㼫ƷǧǸСˣһ㶼ûи¡
ǧѩ򴽰꣬ܿǷƫеһС
˫һǰĽвţƯ϶ʲôöɡ
ǧѩ򴽽ǣһĨâŶҪǰ𣬿ʱˮǾǽסˡ
ǧѩ΢㶣ɫҲЩѿʲôȥý𣿡
ˮšüǧѩһۡ
ǧѩһҲܿ컺ֵ̫ˣ
ָ⣬һʱ䲻֪ôá
ˮǽпһۣûҲǰ㾲վûж
өҲǽпȥûһƿб˴򿪹ĺۼĶѾûˡ
ǧѩͷһ£Ķûˣ
ôˮҲһ㣬ɫøѿ˼֣ǧѾ߹ܶطˣʲôöǸȡˡ
ǧѩҧЩ߷߲ƽǸˣȻá
өˮȥһۣĿ΢ȴʲôҲû˵
ǧѩΣ˵˼Ͳ˵ˡ
өǰ֮нѿտҲ֮ȴһЩд棬Կ϶ղڽеĶȻǼı
ԸȵөҲҧҧɫҲ˲ױ˼֣ߵһƷʵڿɶ
ˮȭͷ˶ЩһЩǲǾǵˣ
ֹǧѩҧеĲƽŨˣǰһ㣬ǧʲô°
өĬƬ̣ǿڵˣ˵䣬ĥȥֻǼıﶼûˡ
˲侯ôɣ
ߣˮ˵һ䣬ͷҲؾͽ뵽˰֮С
өǧѩ
ûü˱һعУֽ뵽һСС
Сǧ߹ģʱǱСסˣľǱ仯ͣΨнСȱڴƣҵȷĳ·
˳ȥʱǸСȱھȻָԭˣֿʼǧѩˡ
ǧѩ˺þãȴûߵͷ
ҪΧľһֱڱ仯ǻΪԼԭشתˡ
ãԾûгȥ·ǧѩָ⣬ܾЩ֣ȴǲôãΪʲôûܳȥѵԭشת
ԭشת
һˮɳǧѩȥۣ֮Ҳ͸һĨ֮ɫ
ǧѩһҲŲһ£Ϊ㿴Ұ
ˮһ˵˵Χľһֱڱ仯һֱǰԭشת
ǧѩʹһͰ͵ӣֻǾã˺þöû߳ط᲻ԭشתء


1098 ȵ¶

ˮٴߣôԭشתûΧľﶼڱ仯ɱ˵˵
ǧѩſˮҲ˵ˣܾЩԾô˰ǻû߳ȥأ
Ҫ˵ԭشתĻΧľôһֱ仯
ֵĽǧѩȻ֣ɱˮˣĸ˵Щʲô
өҲǰľȴû˵ȴǸֳһĨ⣬ͷ·ʲôƵġ
ٶ̣Сľһֱڱ仯ȴûߵͷʱ۵
ǧѩ˾һһ̱ڵأܲϢһ£ۡ
ˮһƳࡣ
ǧѩû˵ֱ̱һԵʯϡ
ˮөҲûõȥǼǧѩϢˣҲÿ
ǧѩӿռָȡһöҩȥԺžЩһͺ֮˵ѾСãΪλûܳȥ
ˮөһۣ˵
ǧѩʵ̲סٴ˵һ䣬ҾСЩ֣ǲһֱԭشתɣ
һˮ뷴뵽õ·û߳һʱ侹ҲЩԥˡ
ѲɣԭشתЩ仯ľôһأ
өǲԭشתɣˮŤͷөҲ˼֣Χľһֱڱ仯Ҫԭشת仯𣿡
ө°ͣû˵
˵ˮ¸Ǽ˼֣㵹˵仰ǻ᲻ԭشת
өƬ̣ǿڵǿԭشת
ˮһôᾰﶼڱ仯
ǧѩͬЩɻȻҲùЩеĵطʵ˵ͨôᶯأ
Ҳ̫˰۰Ͱ͵ؿөϣܵõ𰸡
ө֪Ũƿ˵һ䣬ΧЩǱֽˣҷֻ֣ҪһǾͻ仯
˲һ
ЩﾹȻֽ
ǧѩˮһۣеʮԡ
ө֪ǻ𾪣ٴο˵Ҳûзֱ֣ողȷˣֻҪÿһЩﶼῪʼ仯·ڿһ
󵼣
ˮǧѩٴһѾ󵼺þ˰ȥǧǶҵˣǲǻûܴط
ˮҧɫʵƽܱ֮ܲһֱطɣ
ǧѩæͷ
өֵڴ䣬ƺ˼ʲô
ˮǧѩ֪¹ϵش󣬶ûпȥ
өϸһǿ˵ֻҪҳЩı仯ɣӦþͿ˰ɡ
ˮǧѩæ׷һ䣬Ҫβܴأ
өšüһŵ߼Ϥһ¾仯Ĺɡ
ǧѩˮһۣæ̧˼
ө°ͣϸϸЩ仯Ĺɣûã˫˼֣ҵˡͣ°ɣѾҵˡө֮Ҳżּᶨ֮ɫ
֮һССȱڶڵعһߣǧڲǰ
ѾУһҲ֪ʲôط
û߶ãͻȻܺԽԽˣǧоȷǳ
ɴɴǺˮ죬оȫ·Ҫһ㡣
ôôȣɴɴ˳°ڣ˵ǱϵħʦԾɵȵ£̫ˣоҵıϵħһͷųͻˮ
ȷʵȣоҵĻϵħҪȡǧҧҧϵ·Ѿʪ˲١
⵽ôˣо͸˻ɽƵķμܣЩֲۣ飬ֻ㿴ţô𣿡
ʵûо
ǧæͷ˾񱻴ӻ̳һĺȣˡ
ϲŴ꣬Ҳһ䣬Ҳȡ
μˣüͷȥǰ취ɴɴͷųϵħ
ɴɴͷͷųϵħһɲǱѩأΧȶɢȥ˲٣ɺܿģЩѩȻˮΧȶٴ
ڻˡɴɴգգ۾Щ𾪡
Ϊ֧һʱ䣬˭룬֧ôһͲˣ
Щ¶Ⱦ
ʦô찡ɴɴÿˣղˬôһ£Ǳ˼֣ҺȸղŻҪˡ
šüͷҲһ䣬ȴܿ컺͹ֵɴɴñϵħʵܲסˣͳԵҩ


1099 ȵҽ

ΣҲֻɴɴıϵħܹ¶еĸȣǲñϵħĻֻûһ˻ܵˡ
ɴɴҲ뵽һ㣬˵ͷ
ɴɴһۣһĨۡ
ɴɴһۣõģǧĵҩҳȥԺͻûµġ
ɫŻ࣬㵱ţǲоͱǿˡ
ɴɴһ죬ͷȴЩ̵ġ
ˣһעģҲˡɴɴָ⣬С˵һ䡣
󣬲ɫҲøΪ˼֣סһжҪС
ɴɴɺĺܣͷϵЦȴŨǳ
ͻȻ֮ɰڻбڳҲ
ɴɴ֪˼Ȼ϶졣
ٴϵħһɲǱѩΧĿҲˬ˼֣ıɽ֮С
ܵд⣬ǧ۾̾һ䡣
ɽģеɢȥһЩΧıѩҲڻˣɢȥʱȶȸŵȷǳ·ܽ˸ˡ
ɴɴٴϵħ˾˾ͳ¼ŵҩʹħûпݽߣˣԾɾøƣܾЩ
ˣֻ÷ۣ¶ԽԽߣûɴɴıϵħĲС
ܵΧ¶ٴǧ˫¶ĺÿ죬ϵħʱȻΧ¶½ˣ½ǷȾԣȵ˼Ϊܲˡ
ܸоΧԽԽˡǧǰĺˮ˵ҲЩģ⵽Ǹʲôôôȣ͸ڻɽƵġ
˵ɽǧĿһ¡
ǲڻɽ뷨ݼţȴǧͷЩŤͷΣ˵ΣΧȸʵ֣ͷ·ڻɽһǲڻɽɣ
䣬ǧٴšüͷҲЩ˼顣
ĹĻڻɽ
ܵİǧ˫һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲôˡ
δһǿ˵һ䣺֪ȶʵڹЩȿ˵ɡ
εǧĲҲǣǻǵ̽̽˵ȻҪôȥЩá
δһ
ɴɴԺ󣬱ҲͬǵĿطô죬϶Ҫú̽һġ
ʱɴɴ۱ϵħ
ΧĿһһȣ˺ܲ
ˣǻǼǰţȫûκηͷ
ǧǰһۣǰԶĵطе⸡֣Щ죬ҫۡ
ˣͷٴοһ¡
ʺ𣬵ǻһ㲻ʲôɽǧ˫һʱ䱻ɽ⼸۸ռˣ
ǰʺѪĳüͷҲŽ
ɴɴҲӦЩˡ
ɴɴüͷ૳ǰôл˸ýԽԽˣľǸʲôط
ǧԺʶɴɴһۣһͻйصĵطɲʲôطÿ˲֪
ɴɴһ˵ͷɿԶͶǿһ⣬оЩ˫һ䣺лĵطʲôҽʲôɽɣ
䣬ָ⣬һɫ
ǧһۣڰοҲ̫ģʲôɽҲһܴȥġ
ɴɴ뵽ЩֶΣҲ𴽰˵ҲԣʹʦڣһҲ¡
ǧЦǳǳġ
֣ǧ߽һЩɡ
ǧ󣬲˵ͷҲ֪ǻ⾿ô¡
˽߽ڶ˺֮ɫϲֽקǧ°ڣͷЩţɸȴ˷ܺͺ档
ף˵ǻʲôأϲҧСָͷеĺŨ˼֡
ǧǰ֮ҡҡͷҲ֪ȿ֪֮ˡ
ϲԴһᣬڵĺˡ
ʱһɽڣЩǴɽ͸ģǧɽſվֻһһˡ
ǧǰĺˮûöǰĺˮʵЩܲˡ
ԽԽˡǧһ䣬еҲ˼֡
ɫ䣬ɶǰȴֲٺˮ


1100 ҽеĽ

ɴɴϵħһ˲ٴϮҲǧˬǳ
ʱǧɽһֻһɫɽƯɢȥ㿴ɽе
ǧˣͷһ£ҲһΡ
ɽ֮УɫҽڲϷţģܽһжƣȻǳ
ǧǰҽڵٴθֶ
ɽ֮оȻҽּΪңصĿҽȻһعıϻһôܻҽֶͲҽὫջ
ǧЩϼ˵˼·ֻЩ⣡
뵽ڹŪЩҽǧǰҽһʱ;Χ¶ȸ˼֡
ŴǣҲԴЩѣ·ʱεһ
ڷνסˣȻĻιȥ
ףﾹȻлɫҽϲֶǰҽһĨϲûмҽء
ҽ죬żҺ顣
ɴɴȴˣȴǵǡ
ҽڲͣţҽĶ澹һȰţҲ˵ҪȥѰұͱ봩ҽΨˣܼȥѰұ
ҽʵŨȣܴȥ
ʱҽյֻʣһ̲ѪˮɴɴſˮһһСҲȾͨ죬û뵽طȻҽЩҽʵȣܹȥ𣿡
һǧȫĬ
ҽ飬ҲûаٷְٵİܹȥǻôˣֻһԿͻһ£ôһ͸Ѱˡ
ǶĬɴɴһ˫ҲͲ˵ˡ
ǧ˼뵽˿ռеĺϹ޿϶ܵҽˣ뵽˴˫һ
뿪˵ЩʲôʱϲָŶҽ쿴ҽǱ߾ȻһС
ǧŤͷ˹ȥ͸ˣǧ濴ҽвһУǽǽɫģǰ÷ֵгһģһ
Ҳ˵жȻźöɾʲôöҲֻп֪֮ˡ
ǧú뿪⴦ҽ˭оȻҽ֮Уôˣֻ»ⷽУѰұҲʲôĵط
һ˫̽ú뷨ˣǾ͸취ⷽиó
ףΪʲôҽоȻûбճɻңϲҧָ⣬Ҳżɻ
ʵ̫棬ôֽžԭɫܱߵλҲûκαƹĺۼҽԵرͻأҲǹǳ
ǧȻҲһ㣬üͷɽΣƼûУǽҵҽȻʵЩ졣
δȥͬҲһĻ
ƽɫĽҽԣƯǳ
ζҽеĽУüͷҲ˼֣ȷʵЩ죬㷢ûУЩҽܵ˽еӰ죬ԲڲϷڡ
ǧٴγҽпȥ
ֻһǧ㷢ڣЩҽͣڳеķӿȥЩҽʱǾȻøˣ¶Ҳ˼֡
ǧˣӲɵɴ˼֣ˣЩҽһоͷøӾң¶Ҳ˲٣ȻŲһ㣬Ӱҽʵ̫˼ˡ
䣬ǧһ𾪻ǳǳģ˲ײ
ζҽеĽУüͷ𣬡ȷʵһ㣬ЩҽǱдģǽöȡЩҽŲᶯҰɡ
ǧҲͬеصͷɹһ̲ס˵еԥǣҽܱͣܿЩҽȡ𣿡
һҲĬ
ɴɴһ˫Ҳû˵һ仰
ǧο˼ۣ֪˼Ҳû˵ʲôǰһʱ˺Хһϵѱˮʪ
ɴɴˣæϵħһɲǣײһЩ˲䱻ɢֱøˬ
ǧ۾˼ҲڲͣתţǻϵħʦټںϹŻ֣ӦܶԿЩҽɡ
㲻Ук㹻ܶԸЩҽˡ
ǧһ˵ʵڲеĻȥԽⷽȡɡ
βǧڴżֲͬ
ɴɴǱһȻҪȥҽǱߣǻϵħʦҲ


1101 

ϲȻԼܣ¶ĵɫҲ
ףҪȥ𣿡ϲᳶǧ°ڣڵĵҲ˼֡
ǧһۣ˵Ҳûʲôİ취ˣǻϵħʦԻҲһȥҽԿʺϲġ
ϲ־мֵ׻ԼϹȸӦܸɣ
ϲֵһҲٵˣ϶նһٶ¡
ȥɣһΪ͵ġϲֱ˱һƣСϵЦķǳ
ǧЦԴûñ㽫ĿͶ˷ϣΣҪȥȡС
üͷǵĮ޲Щˡ
ǧᳶŷε°ڣҲһЩʹӦ˰ɣǻϵħʦϹȸ϶ûµġ
û˵üȴûɢ
ǧ˫һʱüĿҲٴγ˳ε°ڣ˵ȥɣұ֤ҿ϶ûµģǲһֱңҪʲôԣڵһʱ佫Ҿȳͳˣ
εɫЩɶĬƬǿڵɿʲô¶Ҷڵһʱ佫ȳҲȥҽͷˡ
˵ЩʱЩǿƣݲа־ܾ֮⡣
ǧһæͷ֪ˣҪʲôԣҲȥˣͷĺˡ
εɫǻˣƿ꣬ȥ˰ɡ
ǧһ˵ãϵЦҲ
ɴɴһԿֱ۾
һֱΪʦ˵Ļǲĵģ˭ǧôһ£ʦ̬һӾͱˣֱǲ˼飬ʦǧӡ
˰ɴɴһۣЦ
ǧ֪ЦЩʲôǰϷҽһָʱϵħȻһҽ֮С
ЩҽƸܵ˵룬ĸΧ¶Ҳ˺ü֡
ǧҧеĻϵħΪǿ˼֣ʱ򣬻ϵħҽڲ϶ԿţҪֳһʤźã
ҽڲϢǲϳǧϮȥǧҧأеĻϵħΪŨ˼֣ͷ·һ̻Ƶġ
ң貣ȴֳΣգ
ǧ۾ûк˷ӭȥ
ʱܵҽΪˣ֮˷Щң·ܽճһ̲Ѫˮ
ǧۣЩӿʱ̶˹ȥټеĻҲΪǿңֱӽЩڶҽ˻ȥ
׺ϲּˣڰֵֻ˵š
Ҳ˿һɫš
ȥ˺ͽײһ𣬺ܿ㷢顱ľ졣
ޱȣǾˣһ˲֮ҽֱӰȥ˺һٴξ£ٴξ£ʱΧĿֱ˼֡
ܵ¶ȵǧ³һСǱӳͨޱȡ
ɴɴˣ붼ûϵħһɲǣΧˣе¶Ҳ½˼֡
ǧЩˬ̾һ䣬ûϵħ壬ٴγҽǱ룡
ڿҽԵλãҪõоͱٴ룬Ȼеı߶
ǧԵλõĽУЩϷڶҽһʱ侹ǽüͷҪȥýоͱ룬룬ЩҽԽңҲΪȡ
вͻᱻҽճһ̲Ѫˮ
ڰϣɴɴüΪģ֪ǧɻ̲סҪΪġ
Ҳˣǰҽһĺܡ
ûʲô飬ȴЩˣû֪˿̵Щʲô
ٴʱҽϯǷ˷·лصĸоֱֱǧǱ߷ȥ档
ҽޱȵˣһһж־Σա
ɴɴˣɾһǧСģ
ҽˣÿ¿ŷҽǧ۾
ͬüͷĺڵ˫ڴ˿籩Ҳż˿
ʱһΧһɲǣΧһҲҽǷڲϢоʲôΣƵġ
ɴɴס
ôһǿ
˶һۣȴʼ벻һȻ
ϲ˫֮ҲżЦ⣬׺񽫺ٻ


1102 ҽȫû

Χɢȥ㿴ΧһУֻǧһֻıϣֻͨɫ˫Ҳǻɫģȴޱȣżµİ
ңֻϾлȼţʱֻ쳤ǧУʱЩ˾èƵģҲǰΡ
ɴɴ۾Ҫֱˣ⵽һֻĴ񰡣Ϊʲô
ϴŰҲżһ֪һֻͨĴ
ѵǴ˵еϹȸ
뵽˴ɴɴһۣжżɫ
Ϲȸɴɴ΢Ŵ꣬һʱ侹ǲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ҪϹȸǧҪţķˣ
ɴɴʶ˼ֻۣȫ죬ǲðЩȷǳϢһ֪ЩǵĻ档
ҲϿϹȸģǰĴһģһġ
Ҳ˵ǰĴϹȸ
֪ɴɴͷٴһ
죬ǧʲôʱԼһֻϹˣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ǺϹȸɴɴָҽеĴЩ͵˵š
󣬲˵ͷȷϹȸϼصһģһ
һ䣬˲һۣȫ֮ɫ
κͷϲȴһȻģ
֪ĴڣղҲھǧΪλЩٻ񿴵ٻдʯͷҲ
¹ҽжôϹȸǰҲһ
ʱҽͼǧɱ۾һɣǾȻήȥ֪ǸܵĴһ
ȶųһ˲֮Щ˾Ȼڲˣûãе¶ȾȻ½˲١
ǧˣȫ֮ɫЩ֪ÿеȶˣͽٻˡ
ȶ˵ʱǧƳʤ׷ںϱ㳯Žжȥ
Щҽ֪ǧͼȻȫһͼǧǱ߽
ǧûӭȥ
ԽԽµģɴɴΪģӵϹȸҲӦõһЩİɻδɴɴƬ̣ȶųֿʼһ˲֮䣬ȸ֮ҽ֮һ𣬽ŵҲʼ
𶯹Щҽ֪Ƕ֣糱ˮһȥˡ
ǧۼֿ죬ֱֽȡ˳
бȡһĻˡ
ЩͣҽȻˣֹˣЩҽȻۿüٶˣת˲֮ʲôûˡ
վڰϵɴɴˣԲ˫ô£
ֻҪߣЩҽȫˣ
棡
˽ǰһʱ˵ˡ
ʱǧѾõˣΧѾû˿õĶúϰ
˰ϣǧһӱӺıеĽУ˳һ½ǡ
һ֮ǧŽеĽоϸϸ۲
ⷽкǰҵĽһģһǽɫģ滹Ưƣһ֪ʲôƷ
ǧϸϸͬʱҲڴŽе׿ڡ
ģ׵һԿͬҲ˵һԿ׾ܽд򿪣
ǧЩؽԿȡɫԿڵƻԣǷͬҲˣӵЩ۾
ɴɴͬĺܣɴɴǰĽУ׵״ԿϵһҲ˵Կܽд򿪣
ףЩд򿪰ɣ֪ʲôϲᳶǧ°ڣڴɫ
ϲڴǧҲڴ
ͣеԿףûһͽԿײ֮Уֻáǲһкܿͱˡ
Щ˹ȥֻдһɫ⣬˵ĺܣһʱ۾
Žɢâεüͷ
âɢȥǿ˽еĶһɫʯʯͨ͸һ֪ʲôƷ
ȻһʯɴɴָǰʯЩʯʲôãΪֻڽУ˵ӦڽзĶűȽϸݰɣ·ЩʯΪʲô
ɴɴЩɻ󣬲˳
ǧһҲмɻӿֳûΪƫЩʯȥѲɣʲôԢ⣿
ζǰɫʯüͷ˼֡


1103 ԽԽı

ǰҵ˱ɫʯɫɫģЩʯܾͨ¶̫򵥣ܻ鷳
α΢䣬ǧȥһۣΣôˣ
ûлرܣֱӿ˵ҾЩʯ򵥣ǵúúñš
ǧ󣬾ͷεĿͬʵҲЩʯܻЩ򵥣һлõõ
εǰ嵹ҲһЩ
ɴɴ˵ģæǽָռıʯȡȻЩʯãҿ϶ҪˣǧЩʯջȥɣʱǿõõ
ǧ˵Щʲôһ뵽Щʯãֱӽʯ˹ȥɣʯȷɣһỹġ
ɴɴɰڰ֣ʵûҲԵģҲõ˲ٺö
ǧһۣЩִȻͳȥĶջĵʱڣȼķѣͷһҿ϶ỹģǲգǿҡ
ɴɴЩļûп㡣
ǧüһĨЦܣš
ɴɴ䶯꣬˺һŵ˵ͷ֪ˣű˻ûһֱѺöƳȥˡ
ǧȴǲ
ɴɴűӣҲͲ˵ˡ
ǧЩʯȫս˿ռУЩʯһãԾҪǷźãöˡ
ҽѾȥҲѾõǱ׼ȥİ֮Уûҽȸһ·ͨ裬ܿ˶İ֮С
źǰ·һİǳżɫĹâڿƯ˲佫֮յͨ
ߣ˵ľͿͷ·һʲôһ
ɴɴק°ڣЩҵĺÿ죬ܾûʲô֣оЩ֡
ǧɴɴ˼ۡ
ʵҲĸо٣Ҽȣͷ·ǰʲôڵһֵĺܣ
̧΢⻮ƿ겻һ䣬ΣǲҲͬĸо
󣬲˵ͷȷָоЩȣͷ·ǰʲôڵһ
ǧһ˫˼֣ҲĸоָܾоЩ֣Ҳ֪ǰЩʲô
Դ߹ȥǱ֪ʲôˡ
ǧģоΧڲϾۼΪŨ˼֡
һڵĹâҲŨ˼֣ԽԽŨˣҲ˵ıԽԽˡ
ʲôıأ
ǧ򴽽ǣһڴ
ףܵһŨǲ뱦ԽԽ˰ϲգŴ۾Щؿǧ
ǧҲڵڴУɹ𴽰꣬Цǲ⣬ǵȷ뱦ԽԽˣûпЩҲǲƭ˵ġ
ϲ
Ҫˣã
ɴɴܼͬҲЩǱı׻ʲôأ
ʱһ貹âٴγǰ
âɢȥǰһţ
֮һ֪ʲôͨط
ǧܵЩЩ۾ǸܵЩ
ɴɴǵȻҲܵŨǳΧһ˲ȫë׶ˬ˿
ȷʵĺܡƿ꣬˵һ䡣
ϲͬ۾õĺܣ۾һƳͻȻǽյģҰҲЩѰ
ָŰһУ˵һ䣬ףźЩѰǽرŵģҰ⻹һԲ̨
䣬ϲָԱߵԲ̨Բ̨֮ϾȻȥĵطȥǷöģɾǷʲôͲö֪ˡ
ϲ˵ǧҲͷܿ㷢˰ǸԲ̨ǸԲ̨ܴ滹ݵĵط
ǧǰݵĵط°˼ȷʵЩѰǽյģһһԲ̨Բ̨֮ϻۣѲҪǰʲôŽȥ
ϲսСȭͷЩ϶ûɾǷʲô
ǧǰİۣʶҡҡͷҲ϶ʲôͨ
ϲ󣬱°ͣƺڳ˼
ɴɴһۣһʱҲ˵ˡ
΢䣬ɫ°ڿлһ滹ŵϸߣرÿǧһۣȴʲôҲû˵ƺҲ˼ʲô


1104 ű򿪵

ǧȥڳ˼Ҳ˵Щʲô
ûãȹڳǸԲ̨ȥߵԲ̨ǱߵʱȻڰϴţ·ϸ·
浽׷Щʲôһʱ仹ûͷˡ
˼ģΪ档
ǧʶͱͱεĸ첲⣬һ䣬ΣЩ÷Щʲô
β߾ǧϣƿǵôӽп𣿡
ǧٿһǿʯΪÿ̲һЩôأ
ңǰҲЩʯͬ죬Բ̨ϵİۣ˷εĻ͸֤ʵЩ²⡣
ЩʯпܱǴ򿪰ŵĹؼڣֻҪʯڰо˰ɣ
ǧһ䣬ЩؿΣΣ˼ЩʯпǴ򿪰ŵĹؼڣ
󣬲
õ˷εĿ϶ǧеĹâΪŨ̽ռʯȡ
ʯӨ貣ʹ߹߲買⣬ÿ쳣ǧǰʯָ⼤
̣ʺ죬ɫʯÿһŶʲôƷ
Ȼûж֣ѾȷʯǴ򿪰ŵĹؼ˸ǰʯҲ
ۣףʯܽŴ𣿡ϲֶеʯЩһ䡣
ɴɴܼͬǱΪЩʯѰʵû뵽ǾǴʯŵĹؼ
õûнʯõɴɴؿڣա
ǧЦûԹһǿԵġ
ϲСҲףЩʯڰϰɣ뿴žܲܿ
ǧ򴽽ǣü֮һĨƽ֮ŽʯԲ̨İϡ
ڷõĹУǧЩ۷ΪʯģȥȻʯ״Ǻϣһʱ䣬ɫʯӦûãһӨ֣ʯǱ˴ӡ
ţʯȻɢӨޱȵĹâ
Щâطһʱ۾
ǧɵɴ˫ǰۡ
ɴɴͬˡ
ϲȴ⼤קǧ°ڣףЩâģƯ
ǧǰĹâЩ㱵ȷʵƯĺܶЩʯһ𣬸оʲô·
Ļһ䣬ͼΧĹâΪ˼֣ͬʱֻһ
¡¡~~~ȥΪأͷ·𱻳Ƶġ
صĿǧ˫ٴһᳶε°ڣǵصӦǰű˰ɣ
δϲãҲ䴽Цȷǰű򿪵صĺܡ
ǧеĹâ˼֣Բ̨ķֻһĹâþˣ·ܽ⴦طһкڰɨȥˡ
ʱǵصԽԽǧâеǵš
Ȼ֮䣬񿴵˰֮͸һ˿󣬹âԽԽ󣬼Ϊ˵
ǧˣӲɵɴ˼֣ıˡ
ɴɴˣͬĺܡ
ϲᳶǧ°ڣС֮Ǽ֮ɫףŻıˣþˣͷ϶Ųٺö
ǧҲĸоΪѾܵӰ͸ˡ
ЩΪŨȫë׶Ϊˬͺ޲һֱⰵС
Ũǧ΢Ƭֵ̣ϤĺܣǵʱЩ
ϲֺɴɴǶܼ
Ҳ˵ҵˣ
ȴһĮ·û
ǧͱͱεĸ첲⣬ЦΣ㾹Ȼһ㶼㲻֪Ǳʲô
δԭžڶһĨɫǧǳǳģƺһĨЦ⣬㼤Ҳ
ǧ΢ţҲź˼֣ʵƲĶˡ
ˮıһǱ͸һʵȤĽǧһ룬ǳЦ˳
δһӱ㿴ĵüۣƿֵ꣬ȥ𣿡
ǧɼȥȻҪȥˣ
棬ǳıģ
ǧŴ꣬еļΪŨ˼֣ȹھȥ˼ͣɵվˣҲЩҽȥɡ


1105 

ɴɴһۣȫǼ֮ɫ
һϯæ̧Ų֮ȥʱǧѩѾСȱڴƣǸԹĵطˣɳǰȴǺüֲ·Ρ
Ƕǰķֲ·Σһʱ֪Ǻá
죬Ȼôֲ·ΣǸߣǧѩŤͷЩĵһ䡣
өˮһۣ˵üͷԹǷֲ·Σʵĺܡ
ө򴽳Ĭ
ˮǧѩһۣЩͷŮӶᶯһֱԱֹģ㲻÷Ҷ÷ˡ
ǧѩɫɷס
ˮƳһۣٿֶǰķֲ·Σֲ·ΣҲˣǻǷͷжɣǾܽʡʱ䣬һֱԩ·
өһǾͦе
ͷжȻգһ·ȷģҲһʡʱİ취᳤Ѿ̫ãԲڴ˿̳ʲô۶
ͷжȷСөĬƬ̣ͷͬˡ
ǧѩһĶ
ͷжҲ൱Ҫһδ֪Σա
طΣأǸսʱʲôذڻпµԹǴţ϶߲ȥ
˵ҪͷжҪعˣ
ǧѩǰĵعֻõعİǳ޵Ĵڣ·ҪС
ſˮЩµҪͷж𣿿Ƕ֪Щֲ·лᷢʲôһʲôΣգҲûˣǻУ
˵ţǧѩӲǳ£
ǧҲûǼ˵ǰ棿
뵽˴ǧѩҧг
ˮĿͶϣҲżֲͷЩ㲻˵Ҳҳȷ·Ҳ͹ԹԸҷͷж
өҲĿͶȥĺڵ˫Щζ
ǧѩȴôҲ˵һȻ
Щֲ·ζ࣬ҳȷ·Σ
Щ·γöࡱǧѩɬĴ꣬Ҳ˼֣һʱҲ֪·ȷġ
ˮüһǾͱ𵢸ʱˣ˵ͷжͷͷжǧѩҲͱʲô۶ˡ
ǧ󣬲ҡ
򴽽ǣԾɲĵʵҪͷж𣿡
ˮüͷ¶Ƕͬͷжˣ㻹Ͱʲô
ǧѩ䶯ǣ֪޷ıǵ뷨ˣҲֻܳĬɫȴǲҰֽŷ
ˮƺ֪ЩʲôһЦöӷǳǧѩ֪Ϊˣûʲô뿿Ǵ߳ȥҪͷж˰ɣ
˼Уǧѩҧ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ˮָ⣬ЦøΪ˼֣ǧѩʵʵͷжɣǷʲô⣬ǻѰʬǽúġ
ʬǣ
᣿
ǧѩһŵöڴ
ޣŲԲǧѩˮһۣͷǲұֳӣЦЩǿˮǰͱˣҵСĲš
ˮߣûá
ǧѩǺһЦζ
ʱˮөѾҪߵ·Σǧѩֻѡʣµ·Ρ
ǰģ̹â·Σǧѩֻĸζۣÿ±ʱˮөѽ뵽·֮С
뿪ӰǧѩֻĶġ
Ҫͷж
һʲôΣյ飬ǸǺð
ǧѩԭؼתû۾һȦҧǰ·Σûþ̧˽ȥ
·֮ЩڣżɫĹâƮЩâͬһ㣬ҲǧѩĿ
ģŬԼҪ£ȴܳʵڲͣţûµģԻûµǧûôܻ
·κܿҲܳǧѩȴû߳طûпͷ
ǧѩΣ¸Ϊ˼֣ôͶûͷطҲʲôԹɣ
Ҳ²ţԽԽľԽԽǷ겻
ֲ֪˶ãǧѩǸܵһȸУȻûǰŨңȴΪ˼֡
⵽ʲôطôԽԽˣ
ǧѩüæϵħһ˲֮ѩǵض˲佫ȵطŪˬǳ
ܵ⣬ǧѩЩ𴽽ǣӵ¶Ȳ
һ䣬һĹӳ


1106 ˱

ܵߣǧѩ˫й־˵ԹУǿҪߵ·εľͷˡ
һ·ϣûʲôΣգһ·϶ƽͷ··Ѿһ
뵽˴ǧѩԽ˷ܣȹڳȥ
Ϊ·еȶȲˣǧѩɢıϵħʮãڶûڻˬܿ˹â͸ĵط
ǧѩæȹ˹ȥֻһΪտĵطλûһȥĴ󶴣ЩˣȴտҲҲбƹĺۼ
һǰƹĴ󶴡
ôĶʱʱӴƮɢûñ㽫طŪȷǳҲǧѩıøӷꡣ
ǧѩҧгݣֹ⵽ʲôطôһ
Χûκˣǧѩעû˻شġ
ǧѩüͷΪ꣬ŤͷȻִ󶴵һ߾ȻһȰš
Ȱţ˫øȻһȰţѲɣ߷ȷģǺǣǻ첻ˣˮөǧټҪȷ·Σȴ֮±ռȻ
뵽ղөˮһֱ·Σǧѩ촽һЦ⡣
žǰҿط᲻ʲôϾطʵ̫ˡǧѩ
뵽бǧѩҲҵ飬ȹΧ
ãȴһ㱦ӰӶûšüͷǲţôһطôһﶼûУҲ̫˰ɡ
ѾǧǽȵǣǧѰձ϶żȻΧϸϸѰҡ
ΧʲôûУѲɲǱߵģΧûκζ
뵽˴ǧѩ˫ղŤôһطȻһﶼûУҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧѩҧгݵʱ򣬺顱һ޴졣
ǧѩŵԭأŤͷ㷢ǽϾȻƿ󶴣˲Ũ̹ŨɢȥԺǧѩ㿴Ӱ˴֮С
Ӱǧѩŵͷһ
طȻ˵Ĵ
طǧҵģűλϣֶ˻˭أ
ǧѩ۾׳һ䣬˭Ϊγط
ӰٿЦЦдż
һ˿ڣЩ꣬ҲϤǧѩŸոշֱûãͲʶˣ˵ǷʲôҪ̣
ǧѩȻɴ˫ȫǲš
Ȼˮôһ϶ө˿ǲ·ΣôͻȻط
ǧѩҧһʱֻԿЩۣŤͷ汻ƿǽڣͷǶһĨꡣ
·Σطͨİɣ
ֻҪǽڴƣǾܹˣ
ǧѩŶ̱¿ǲˣˮөһһѲǱǷԼ˱϶Բ˶ߡ
ûҵκαͷĴʯͷҲ
ƿ꣬򶨵λϣǲ߸ڵ·ôͻȻ˴˴
ˮһû˵
өǿ˵һ䣬ЩͨͨģֻҪǽڴƣִܵͨĵط
ǧѩɰͰһЦҲЩȻطԭһ·ΣͨķȻͬġ
ʱˮѾǽ߳ϸϸΧֻΧտǳһ㱦ĺۼûС
šüͷǧѩĿҲŭɫطôһ㱦ﶼûУȵ㽫ȫ˰ɣ
ǧѩͷһҲûʱ߾ûκαˣһⱦﲻǱǧˣûκα
ˮЩεؿǧѩһۣ˵ģ
ǧѩæǿڣͲˣƭ㰡ҽʱҲΪտûб
ˮ´ǧѩۣһʱȴû˵
ǧѩͷϰµģñ˼߸ûκαҲûá
ˮĿջأʲôû˵
өԶĴпȥֻҲǿտĺܣϸһоȻһЩƹĺۼЩۼرԡ
Щϸڣө񲻽üͷǿ֮ЩƵĺۼʱʱðǰлȼʲô²֪ΪʲôЩ澹ȻϨˡ


1107 Ķ

ˮȻ򣬡ֲΧĿȺԭоȻжȼգϸһЩȼյĺۼԣҷΧܴ󡣡
һөüͷٴνΧȷʵĺܣ˵ʱĻʢôĻôͻȻϨˣ
ˮһԽΣǰôͻȻϨǧǹȻҲɣ
өҧĬƬ֮ǿ˵ˣֹǧµĴʦ
ˮšü
ֻǧһˣֻԽϨ𣬿ɶ˴ʦͲһˡ
Ǹ£ʵҾˣֻҪھɨκϰԴﵽָĿġ
ˮ뵽˴սȭͷҲñ˼֣ɶ
өɫͬѿĺܣдʦεļ룬ǧǶܺܿҵİɿǱǻ᳤ָҪİôǧ֣֮
иоǰˡөŶȰţͳ˵ڿʼҪӿٶȣԲñǧС
ǧѩ棬ֻܵͷ
ˮУҲҵٵص˵ͷѾûκαˣǿȥǱߡ
뵽Ժ˲Сϡ
·̺ܳҲԶãȴԾûߵͷ
ͬһʱ̣ǧҲѽ뵽֮С
֮й⻪貣ÿһطŹ𣬽Ӳӵر
ǧŤͷһЩŽƹâľȻһɽнҶѵһ滹ѵһЩ鱦Ρ
鱦ɫӶÿһ鱦Ө͸ģм˿ƣҲЩ鱦øߴ
ǧǰһɽ΢΢ɶת˲Щû뵽ﾹȻһɽЩҼֻ»ᳬһ½Ĺɡ
ɴɴЩɽԺҲ˲ԭء
һ޴ޱȵĽɽڲͣ⣬˷
ֹһ⣬µøϳɡɴɴſˮСֹⱲҲûôҺͱʯ
ϼȻۺЩҹ׬ģǱͻıҲһһģҪǷַӵ¶
ҲֲܽţƵĹǵһҲȱңʵͰ
ǧҲһȻҪˣ
Ǯ˹ȻԵġףж󰡣ϲգŴ۾ȫûǸ
ǧϸһǿ˵·½󲻴󣿷
ϲһæǵͷ󰡣رķ
ǧƿ꣬˵һ䣬İ׻½ֻҪӵǰЩԺǾܽһ
ôĴ½
ϲһȻɴ۾죬ȻôĴ½
ţԽԽǿģ޲ýǰнɽȥ
֪룬ǧʱЦˣԴ࣬ҲżطֻǼЩɽȻܲġ
ϲеľϲΪŨ˼֣קǧϵϣ˵öԣЩɽ϶С
˵ʱ򣬷ѾΧҪѰҳ䣬ԷҵļΪϸ
ˣûҵӰӡ
ѾܵѾߣôҲӰӣ
εɫȻѵüͷҲ˶˼ɫ
ǧŤͷα仯һ䣬Σôˣ
̧һۣ˫ĺ䣬ͬԨֻǳı﾿ںηܱ߶ҹˣȴûпӰӡ
ǧο˼ۣҲְܴ
û뵽ɵĴʦȻҲգ
ǧﴽ꣬ü֮Ҳ˼ִζҲ̫꣬ȻѾȷǾ;ֻܲҪѰҶҵġ
ĺڵ˫䵽ϡ
ܸоԼǱ˿ǧġ
ǣˮת
ԾƬ̣ŵ˵ͷ
ˣǧЦøΪСҲŤͷֳɴɴ˵Χң˵ͲĳεĽ
ɴɴǿж
ȻطֻǼˣһжʱģ˭Ҳܱ֤᲻˽ԣǻǵսپС
ãǻһ
Χ˽ɽǽɽûа㱦Ӱӡ


1108 ľӣ

ɴɴŴ꣬ͻȻЩģЩɽǳıɽɽϲҲһ𣿡
Χ˽ɽǽɽټϽɽҲһЩȻûôŨҲȫˬ
ɴɴ㻳ɣҲûеġ
ǧ󣬲ɴɴһۣЩɽǳıȻһζ̫ˣǲ㵭ġ
ɴɴ𴽰꣬ıʲôط˽ɽûʲôĶˡ
ǧüͷǰһУһĨɻӿͷ
طĻбĴ
Уô˼Ȧûҵ
ûУΪʲôдźͱһǧüһʱҲ֪úɴɴ˵ЩʲôֻǱʶñܻطɵ׻᲻УȻ֮ҲЩɻˡ
ĬɴɴһʱҲ˵ˡ
ʱͻȻһţһֻ߲պһֻѩӾȻӿռ˳ѩӻﾹȻһӵľӡ
澵Ӻģ滹Ѫһʲôа֮
ǧܵǵĶһۣ߲պãգգ۾еɻŨӣճʲôľӣ
ñžӣؽǰҲģ澵Ӳ֣͵͵Ҫܳ׷ȥסˡ
ǧһЩȻ
ľӾܣղŲǱ߲Ƶ÷
ǧŤͷ߲գͬɻ󣬡澵ôҪˣһʼǽƷ𣿡
߲һȷʵƷ˰طԺһ㶼֣ͷ·ʲôٻһøԾҪвûã
ǧ󣬲գգ۾
ʲôٻˣ
ôЩ֣ðһһƷ澵𣿡ǧһ䡣
̧߲°ͣһ߰ģȻˣ澵ӽƻĺܣֻСñˣֻܸСһˣ˳ʲô⾵ˡ
ǧҲ˳Ĭ
ӱʲôٻѲɣǲĳطı˹ȥ
ǧԽԽܣ澵ӵĿҲΪΪ˼֡
Ź۾򴽽ǣЩͷƤ飬СѾͷűã
ԶצӣܾЩɬ
ǧ䴽ùһЦȴʲôû˵
úԲһܵ˾ŵģٴζ˶צӣСѾͷʲôֵֹĶǲẦµģ
һҲֵøӢ
ǧֱӽĿͶеľϣΣͻȻһ뷨
ĿΪұȫë
߲ҲȾҲһ¡
δĿͶǧϣƿȻ澵ӣѰҵ䣿
ǧϵЦ鶯ҲΪã֪ĪΣ
澵ӻᱻԺ뷨ԭΪ澵Ҳʲôô澵̰ܿЩҵˡ
뵽˴ǧ˶
ɴɴҲЩŤͷûеľӣ澵ӣҵ𣿡
ǧƿ꣬Ǹûκΰ취ֻˡ
ɴɴ˵ͷ
ϲվһ࣬Ҳ⼤
̫ˣҵˣϲֽкãСķǳ
ǧһۣҲ¶һĨ˵Цӣ콫ӸңԿ
һ֪Ů˲ڴԼ⣬㰲˼֣̽ӵݵǧУɰɣ澵Ӿͽɡ
ǧЦŽӽ˹
һ֣ǧܸоڲһּΪ˷ܵĲĳʳ⶯￴һ
ļΪңǧץסҶС߲սʶסȻԵ
Ӳһ£ֲķȾȻС˼֣Ǳ߲ոˡ
ǧɿ֣ӷųȥͬʱֳ߲˵һ䣬Сգһйעžӵжʲô쳣Ĩɱ
߲˫ʱþˣĿĨɱ𣿡
Ѿþûɱ˳۵Ķˣ
ȻǿԵģֻҪʲôõ飬ͿԽĨɱǧ˵һ䣬֮Ǽ֡


1109 ɽµĶѨ

߲Ҳ֪ǧڿЦ
̵ͷޱȣձ֤񣬶ңͿ澵ӲˬˣҪţ뽫Ū֧顣
ˡ֧顱⼸ۣȫһ£ڿзٶҲ˼֡
ֻҪҵǼԣıʵ壬ʱʵҲһ¥ֻ߲գ
һ룬̵ˣٳԣĵطȥ·ģ·Ѿ֪﾿ںη
ɴɴˣЩȣ·ģҵɣ
˻Щģ澵ӻܵȥΪ˼䣡
ǧû˵ֻǾھһڸ澵ӿ϶ܴҵЩĶ
ͬţ̧ţһֱǧࡣ
ǧһۣĿˮ峺
ûãӾȻһɽͣ£ǧˣüͷ
ɽҲѲģȴûҵκζ澵ΪλͻȻͣ£ѲǸղſ©ʲô
ǧͷЩȣûгȥ澵ӡ
澵Ӷᣬ·ڱЩǴĶģҲ֪˶ã澵Ӿ
ֻһͬһ˽ɽ֮Уת˲㲻Ӱ
ɴɴˣ;죬澵ôȥˣ߰ɡ
ǧ΢㶣Ҳû뵽ӵĶ죬ֻһգۣͻȻˡ
ûµģ߲ڡǧǣߵߵǳοһ䡣
ǧΨһĽҲƽˣŤͷ߲˵һ䣬Сգȷӵķλ𣿡
߲һ۾ϸϸûã۾澵ڽɽ£굽صȥˡ
굽صˣ
澵ӻ궴
ҪҵҲڵ£
ֲã˼ȦҲûҵʲôǧ֣ǰĽɽ˿ռУţһ˲ӳǰ
һĺޱȵĶѨͷ·ӾеĹĹһ产ˣһ˿˿֮ЩиһŨ
Լϴˣǧ𴽰꣬ȫλεЦ⣬ûɽ֮»һѨʼδ
ǴŹ־ӣֻһʱҲҲ
ȥ𣿡βĿǧϡ
ǧ֮ӳ˵ǳ貶ֺÿȻҪȥˣǿǧܵ顣
е貣ҲЦһ˲绪ͬǱȥɣЩŨȣӦþǱˡ
ǧеĹâôãҪҵˣܸоÿģ
ɴɴҲǳֻҪȥҵˣҲ֪Ǳ﾿ʲô
ĺܺ涴Ѩ֮İǳ͸һĨ֮ȥʱһŴһӾɪɪȫĺëҲ
ɴɴ˴첲ֹ·裬᲻κξ
סɴɴĸ첲ƺҪϵȶȴݸ
ܵϵ¶ȣɴɴ˿Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
𣿡һ䣬ޱȡ
ɴɴһ죬ʹ˵һ䣬Ҳˡ
һǱá
ǧǿһֺۣǻ䣬ϵħ
еɫڲͣһ˲֮ΧĿͱ˺ü֣ͷ·һһˬǳ
ɴɴҲоˣȺģر
ȫˣϲק°ڣٿ˵һ䣬С֮ҲһЦ⣬տ
ˣǱǰ߰ɡǧǰտ·Σ촽΢΢ƿ
ɴɴǵͷ
Ҳһֱǧࡣ
ʱ顱һǾѵ
ǧ½ŲüҲһʲôգܸܵںη𣿡
߲ձ۾ϸϸûһȻɴ˫Ҳ͸һĨţ찡ôܣ
߲Щһһէģǧ¾òԾһ䣬ʲôˣ𣿡
߲յ黹Щ㱣ûõǻ˹ձԸܵӵʶģɾڸղűվȻܲˣҲ˵
߲΢١
ǧۣʱòͷ˵һ룬˵
߲򴽰꣬ſ˵һ䣬澵ӵʶѾƻˣɢˡ


1110 û

ǧҲһ£Ҳ˵澵Ѿˣͨľӣ
߲յͷ֮һĨɫ˵澵ҲͦôʶɢҲ˵ѨͷĶлҪǳ
ǧüͷҲ˵ǳıｫӵʶɢģ
߲յͷ϶ǣܸܵǱŨʵ̫Ũˣͨ˿Фġ
ǧ󣬲δú£Ǳڴ
һǣε֣ߣǿȥǾʲô
ܵϵβƿ꣬ивǳǳζţһ˲֮绪ٷǳ
ûоܾκǧţŲϵʱ򻹲Ҳ˷ϲһѡ
ϲָ߸˸ȫǺͼɫ
ɴɴһۣҲȥ
ԽԽʱǧֵɢһЩƬܿ췢ǾӵƬλã澵ӵļӡ
ͼ룬澵Ӳʶȫ٣ҲѵòģҲûʲôˡ
澵ӱˣⷬ³Ҳֵͬ顣
ǧЩƬŷγǰȥ
ûãǧܵһΪŨЩǿǳһ޷Ӧѹ
ѹˣ·һӾܽ˸ѹˡ
ǧ˫ɫҲɲ԰˼֣Щʵǿѹô󣿡
ḧļǳο£ûµġ
ܵϵůǧð˲٣ƿ֮꣬дżЦ⣬Ҳ£ǾЩ̫ǿˣ˺ܲ
ɴɴҲܷǳЩʵ̫ǿǸܲˣͷ·ʲôѹһһͻᱬ
üܿʶ˲Ծæǿ˵ЩŨǳܹͨܵģܲסˣͿЩȫĵطȥ
ɴɴһ˲Ҫȥȫĵطһ뵽ǧǻڿôҲŲ˽Ųˡ
ɴɴƿ꣬æǿ˵ôԣƴԿ⣿
򴽣˵ʲôҲߣҪͬʹࡣ
ִ֣δ˵ʲôֻˣҪţұ㡣
ɴɴ֮ڵĹâŨ˼֣ãһЩ
˵ЩŨͣϯֻб˴ˣѹҲ޶
μ˲΢üͷɼûʲô¶Ҳû˵Щʲôˡ
ʱЩͷţ·ھǱǰ벽
ǧȫûľǧͷμЯǰϺ޾ɫһƲĿ⡣
ΣǿңǸʲô취ֹͣأǧ˫üĿһ𣬡ȥǸ˱
ͬüͷ
ûЩʵŨҲֻƾԿҪЩˡ
Ǹû̫ʱ䣬˷ڶԿϣÿЩ취ͻƲС
ǧţβ˼
˼ǧҲ˵ЩʲôüȴδôܽЩɢ
ȻԾɻᴦڱ״̬
ǧҧҧüͷø˼֡
֪ھʲôβӣģܹа취Щɢġ
ŵ͸һ˵İȫУҲǧĶ
ģ̌һӾͺͷεĿײһ𣬡֪ܻа취ЩɢĿɾʲô취أ
򴽣һʱǳĬ
ǧһ̾Ҳû˵Ҳ֪˶ãǾΧ˼֣ûиղǰѹȸˡ
ô£ǧüȴģʢ˾ϲRк˼֣Ǳ𣿡
ɢģ˵Ǽõġ
ʱ򣬷ȴǿ˵Ǳˣǳ֮УЩߡ
ǧЩȵͣƬ̺ܿ͵
Ҳԣ
ڱʱܸܵ¥Ũɴˣ;Щ͸׿ˮһûζԣʮҪȥߵ¥㡣
͸ڱʱһġ
дˣߣԲŻѹûôǿˣҲÿǿʶУһˣ϶ͱЩŪķѣ


1111 ᶯĺ

뵽˴ǧЩϲɴɴȥûиоΧȥ˼֣
ɴɴָо
Χȥ˼֣û˷ŵڡ
ϲͬҲܾϲקǧ°ڣЦҲΧûôǿˣʲô𣿡
䴽־Լ׳ģ
ǧЦҡҡͷʲôǳУѾϰЩǿˣ˵ֿ֮ͻЩˡ
ϲǾϲǳ
Ҳ˵ýɢֻҪϰЩԺǾͽƽҲҪɵЩˣ
֪Щʲôǧƿ꣬ǰֻҪдľһЩֱ
ɴɴѪ
ǱΪЩǲɵֿɢģȴ֪ЩǿԵֿģôܲĶģ
̫ˡɴɴ֣еЦݽοˣǾа취õǱˡ
ǧͬ𴽰꣬ǰֻҪǾܵõ
Ҳ֪˶ãеϡˣǧúܲӦˮˮɡ
ʲôǰ͸һ
ɴɴָͬоʲôøһûһʲôܲˡ
죬ɢˣǵĵֿԽԽǿˣɴɴԼƣЩ˷ܵһ䡣
ǧͬŤͷΣ·ѯʲô
ƿ꣬ˮǳǵĵֿˣϸܣ㻹ܸܵƮ
ǧϸϸܣȻܸܵЩƯɶ˵𲻵ˡ
ʱһײ
ҡرɸС
ǧһӾЩŵüͷҲ˽䱸⵽ʲôܸоЩ޿ֵġ
ɴɴͬ䱸
ŤͷûþͽĿͶ䴦Բ̨ϣԲ̨ϾһǸȼţǸ·ڼأĪֹС
ΪǣǸȻᶯղûԲ̨ġ
ζԲ̨ϵĺⲻһֱһƽͷ·һˮƵġ
ˣǧǲ˷εһ䣬Σôˣ
ָ˳ָڵƻ·һӫ⣬һƵģرÿ㿴Ǳߵĺ򡣡

ǧ󲻽ЩȻﻹк
ʲôŹأ
ǧʶָķȥӳıһȼŵĺ򣬶ǺȻӶнûԲ̨棬ӡ
ˣǧЩȻ
ĺ°ǧǸ򣬲ʿˮΣǸŹ֣Ȼڶ
⻹һμᶯĺ򣬾͸ĶӰƵģöֹ졣
ңǸϲŭ֡ڼûԲ̨棬ǵͻȻɣǧգգ۾ԽԽֿܣոնʩչѹ϶뽫ǶϳȥǷǵûбߣ˵ֿŹ֡
˵ǧ䴽ЦղŵЩȺ͹Ҳʱȫȥˣֻʣһ档
Ǻ򵽵ǸʲôȻǸĻӦûʲôЧɶղţοǺԺһ£ҲһĨ𾪣ԣ֪ġ
ȱ࣬ΪҪ˵أʱͻȻ˵ˡ
ǧٴξգգ۾Ȥħޣֲл˵ĺ򣬱ԺʲôҲ˵˶û˵Щֵ㻰Ϊβ˵
û˵
κͷϲɵĺܡ
ɴɴȴǱǰˡ
찡ͼϿ˵ͼɴɴʲôȻɴ۾㶵ؿǰĺ
򲻻ϼصģǧδֹɣ
ɴɴſˮ
ֻͼгֵĶȻط֣һӳǰ
ǲǿ
ɴɴһۣе𾪸ΪŨ˼֡
ǧûǵ쳣ֱ˫ֻأȫǰ֮ɫ˴ѰұģǸǱѰġ
Ǹޱȣ֪Щ̰ᣬʲôö


1112 ֮

Ҿ֪Щȫ̰֮͸ղ澵һҲǻáշǳɤҲ͸żɫ
ǧü澵ӻɱģ
ߣԴ֮ҲһĨȻֻ΢ͷһЩ澵ӵʶͱѹ飬ֱӾˡ
ǧۣȴǲԲ
ûִ߰⣬Ҳ澵һøҡ
֪вԼǧڰ֣ϵı鲢ûб仯ǲ澵ӣ෴Ǳ澵ˣղͷųҲû˵ǣǸˡ
Ǹϴ
ʵû뵽ЩԭƣɽģȻĹ³ɳţ˵ֿʵڽ߷ǳ
ǧüëһЦñôͲˣ
ĬǧԾܲ
ǧָ⣬һʱҲĬˣҿȴǲ֪Ǻ򾿾ʲôƷֵģ˵ӵǿĺ򣬾ʲôأ
ʶŤͷοһۣͼһƵӡ
Ťͷܿ㽫ĿͶɴɴϣֻɴɴǾͲţͷ·֪ʲôһ
ǧüҲΪı飬ɺ򵽵ʲô㾪
ɴɴ֪˺һŻع
ɴɴ̿ˮϵľɫδȥΪŨ˼֣ǧҷ򲢲򵥣ͼϻ
ӵǿĺͨ
ңǼıôĶôܻƽ
֪ģʲôأǧʵ벻ֿͨһ䡣
ɴɴһۣ˺ðſڵûв´ĻӦþͼϼصĺ֮ᣡ
ǧЩգգ۾֮ᣬʲô
ɴɴȻɴӣڻһĨţ㾹Ȼ֮ᶼ֪
ǧʶͷƽҲһЩͼҲڸմԽʱҲʲôͼˣȻ֪֮ʲô
̯̯֣Щ޹˵֮ᵽʲôأ
ɴɴĲ֪֮ʲô͵֮ǺᣬЩ̲ǿܹ

ǧɴ˫Ȼ
ɴɴ΢٣ͷЩͼϿģûĹЧҲö֪ˡ
ǧȻŤͷΣƺ֤ʲô
·֪ʲôƿ꣬΢֮ȷĹЧҲǴ˵еĶû֪ᵽĶ£ǰȷʵǺᣬҪѰҵı
ǧͷٴһ
ǺҾ֮Ч
ֲ÷θղſԺ󣬾һȻԭˡ
ȻǴ˵еĺᣬǼ񵽱ˣǧһЦ財
εĿˮȷҵˣᣬҪȡᣬֻЩѶȡ
ǧ󣬲գգ۾һ𣿡
ҡҡͷһԼʶҪʱʱ£Ҫ˭˭
ǧüԵĺܡ
ͬü
ʱǸǸҾԣҪҵĺᣬƫͲǣǣ
Ǹӵĺͯ˺޵ˡ
ǧŤͷǸһۣһɷ֮㲻㲻еǰ취ԹԸǡ
Ǹ޿ֵģͲЩôͣ
ɴɴֳ˳ǧ°ڣǧޱȣҲ˵ˣֻҪԸ⣬ȡġ
ǧٴü
ѵԼһЩӶУ
ǧŤͷٴѯʷε
ζĿ⣬ǳǳˮֺÿʶʹҲпܵģֻЩѶѡ
ѣ
Ҳ˵ϣģ
ǧﴽͷҲŰ˼ֻ֣Ҫϣһܵõᣡ
ױģһõġϲƿ꣬һԲͣش𣬡ܵᰡ
ϲֶǰĺȫǺ֮ɫ
ǧͬҲܺ档
ǰأ
һºܶ࣬ζܸ


1113 

ֻܵһΡ嵭ʱҲֱǧһˮǳһ֮˯ȵٴγٴε䡣
ǧüͷø
ٴγҲ֪Ҫȵʱʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬пǼǧǸõĻᣬɲܾʹ˷Źˡ
ǧսȭͷųһĹʣǶҪȡᣬȻǾ͵ôžѵĻᣬҲ֪õ϶ˡ
󲻽ͷǵģĳʱ䲻Ǽ꣬Ҳǰǧ꣬һǲֶܿ顣
ǧ͵صͷԲܿ뿪
䣬սȭͷȫǼᶨ֮ɫ
ʱǸٴϴǸģ·ϲʲôȺ൱̰ȻʲôҪͼȡҵᣬΪһǵó𣿡
ԴţҲǲᱻߵģƾƣҪ±£䣬㲻䡣
ȺඨȻû½ٿ뵽˴߰
ĿͶǧϣȼյĻʢ·ڳЦǧǵĲ
һȺ࣡һԴǼǼڽ
ĿǧüʱʧЦŷǳһᣬɱޱӰ
һշǳɱ˵˵ֻҪҲû˿ԱңҾǲᣬǲ
ĶôԸȺͼࣿ
һ̬Ž
ɴɴǺһۣǧҲ̫˰ɣа취ĸԸ𣿡
ǧüܹа취ġ
ϲִƣЩؿ˵ף𣿱ˣһӱЦЦžͻЦЦ𣿡
ǧһôԻЩ
ȻѾǵ󲿷ֶģӦҲ⡣
ǿԿ°ͣ٣ǧ羰
ǧƣЦЩɡ
Ϳ˳ˣüУϲּ
εͷͬ⣬Ѿϰ˺ͷųѹҲ˵˵ûв
Ҫ˵вº򲻿
ͷͬ⣬ǧߣӣЦøа񣬡±ͿЩύȻݹҲˡ
ߺһȫһ޿ֵģرǷ飬ǾˣΪһ£
ǼĺЩ
Ŷԭ°ǧü˸޾Ĺ⣬ҿɵúúӿˣҵҪ㾿²¡
һûʲô֮⡣
ǧҲϻֱںûһͻЦʵ²°Ļҿɺã
ЦüΪаԴǼҲһĨƻζ
ںǿûбǧƻȥ˵ĻԾɤޱȣ£ҲŲ£Ҫٵ±Ӱɡ
ǧۣдż±ҿɵȲˣֻھӵᡱ
䣬ǧӵøΪϸһЩ
һЩģûзһ˿죬Ķʵǿһյʱ䣬Ȼ˿
֪ᶯǧֻ»Ὣϳ
һǧЩ뵡
Ķʵǿֱ۶ˣ򾹻˿Ӷòᰡ
֪ǧЩʲôڴ˴𣬡࣬ǾͰ׷˼ˣ˵ûõģҶǧ꣬Щ
ǧšüµĶҲֹͣˡ
ǰ
ԺûãȥĻҲֻ˷ʱѣ취У
ϲָǸ򣬲˵һ䣬ҲȫĹâףȻ±
ǧʶϲֿһۣҲһЩĹâţƽһǲġ
ϲҧָ⣬СɻɫǸô죿òˣ
ǧĵģ²Ҳûϵ¹ϵòõĵᣬɾʹйϵˡ
ǧ°ͣ˼
ǰǵ׸ȡأ
ͳֻǲˣѲɣһЩǳֶΣ
ǧ۾ļһ˿ڲԾɫϹŻּΪ˷ܣЩԾԾԣ·Ҫˡ


1114 ϹŻ

һȻ̯뽫սȥ˭ǻ澹ȫûһҪȥ˼˷ܣһղϰݵӡ
ǧüɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ΣҵĻôˣͻȻûһҪȥ˼
ζеĻ棬üĿҲ΢΢
ңȻѰʾһЩ鷢ɾʲôأ
һʱЩŲ⣬־ǰԾĻ棬Ĺâңһһе֮ɫҪյĿ꣬ǰĺ
ȼ֮󣬴ﵽһ¶Ⱦܵᣬǰĺлڲȼգǲᡣ
ǣ¶ȲߣŻ˵ġ
£澹˷ܣѲɣְú᣿
뵽˴šŵüͷҲ˼֣ƿ꣬˵ֻͨҪﵽһ¶ȣܵᣬ򲢲ͨ򣬾ȼŻ棬ҲﲻҪ¶ȡ
ǧüЩ׷ε˼ˣ˼˵ҪһЩĻ棿
䣬е棬ڲͣԾʲô취úɣ
󣬲ϹŻ֣ǳȸ֮õĻ棬Ȼа취ġ
ǧһеĹâţƿ꣬ɤ֮Ҳż죬ֲŻһֱԾԭΪҷǰ
εЦ
ɴɴȴǾ֣Ǹղźʲô˵顣
ϹŻ֣
ǧеɫ澹ȻϹŻ
찡
Ҳ̫ˣȻѰҰԵĻ档
Ȼ֪ɫ棬϶ʲôͨĶȫûµ⾹ȻϹŻֱ֣Ǵ۾
ɴɴᳶ°ڣ˵һ䣬ǧеɫ澹ȻϹŻ֡
Ҳ㶵ص˵ͷȻˡ
ɴɴ̿ˮǱ˼֣Ҿ̫˼ˣϹŻǿǴ˵еĶһ£ԼΡ
ûΡȻ
ɴɴ鵽ڻЩ㱣ûΣ
ҡҡͷնûС
ɴɴһˣƿǸ̾һ䣬ʵڣ̫˼ˡ
ҲǾ̾ȴû˵Щʲôˡ
ʱǧٴϵħεĻȷǳȸղŲ֪ǿ˶١
Լ˼Ϊ˷˼֣ԾĸҲΪˣ·ܽһճɻҽ
ɴɴܵеȶȣ˼
ɴɴϵħһɲǣͽеȶɢȥҲ˲١
ǧûôעΧûźĶˡ
𣬻ҲԾ
࣬׷ˣħǲġߺţԴǼš
֪ǧĻǴ˵еϹŻ֣һֱΪͨĻ棬ֻɫ΢Щ˶ѡ
ɵ˵¶ԽԽȣ̲סˡ
ľãٴθܵʱ򣬺޵Ӷ˲ղˡ
룬ɫĻ澹ȻǴ˵еϹŻ֣ϹŻȸһЧˣܷؼһж
ʮĺҲ޷ֵϹŻֵ
죬Сˣ㾹ȻӵϹŻ֣вʣԴǼȫǿߡ
ǧܲˣź
һЩܲˣĶڲڻ󣬾ǻ˵ˮΣˮȴٳٲ¡
ûãЩˮξȻ˹ǧüһĨ˪
򵹻ͦǿģҪˣб½Ϊ忴ֵüһЩˡ
ǧһֻáৡһеĻٴδڵϸߣ͸ɢƵģǳȴȵ˲ҽӽ
ɴɴٴεһǱϵħʦȻ϶ᱻյʹ಻
ϲǻ˫ϵħʦЩֵܵģǵֵˣеأ׵ħʦЩȣܽ
վڷ࣬һˮӡ
ʱȴûղôˮˣ𿾵üвͣȫǱʹϮˣϺУ˸дεҡҡ׹
ǧ˵ᣬһ˫۾ų貵Ĺâ㿴𣿶˵ĹѾڻҲˡ
μˣڵɫҲ˼֣˵ֻҪټӰѾˡ


1115 ģ

ǧһеĹâҲˣһеɫâ貣һ˲ͽ**¶Ūúܸߺܸߡ
ྐྵȻӵϹŻ֣ҾԲġ䡣
ǵˣֵ˯Ҳ֪ʱŻ䡣
ǧԸеĻңˡ
ʵܲˣһỺ䡣
ǧˣæȡһСƿӡ
δһ̵СƿУǧӽСƿסһѽСƿռС
֮һҲͳ䶨ˡ
ܹж鷳ǵõᣬᣡ
ԼѾȡߣ˵Ļڲȴûиղǰҫˣʧȥ˹һЩ·ʱضᱻϨһ
ŮˣȻĽҵȡˡƬ̣ǳˣɳƴŨŨĲʺͰûڡ
ǧü죬ǰУٰûٲҲûãֻҪУǱҵġ
򶥶˵ĻΪ˼֣ҲɰͰ͵ģŮ˾Ȼд˵еϹŻֺǺǣҼˡ
ɤЩģż֮⣬·ʱȥΪͨĺ
ǧ΢ţһ仰Ҳ˵
ûã򶥶˵Ļ澹ǡৡһ±ϨˣǸҫ۵ĹâҲɢ·ǱһңҲղŵźͽ
һ仯ǧҪ˯ˣ
ƿ꣬ŵ˫ƶһĨɫһᣬͻ˯ȵٴγʱŻٴ˷
ǧüͷ΢塣
Ϊһ˵еʵҲķḧǧĸ첲ɵĺܣЩ磬ӦǺ͹ейذɡ
⹬һɵЩǴɢģЩԼʶҲͨĶ
򳤾õΪ飬ǻٶҲżӿ죬Ȼ
ǧοһۣΣͷϣټϴ˴Ƕ˲Ѳ֮˹ΪҲЩӶõ᣿
ֻ£е˼οڣĿȴǽĳһ˲۵ױ⣬ӡ
ǧһת۾΢УҲ˵ҵҲҪᣬҲ˴
䣬Ȼϵһ䣬Ҳ˼֣ҲɽյĲͬҲһ˵Ϣڲͣת
ˣ
طˣ
ǧü͵سѨһ߿ȥͼһµվһ࣬ӸֶϵɫƮҡ˳ʸϳˡ
ӿ˼ۣӳʱǧһ
ȻѧԺԺȾ
һϮ£̬ǳȻģмܡ
ǧȾһʱ侹ĿĲơ
ʱɴɴҲ΢΢һѧԺԺȾôͻȻڴ˴
ѲɣȾҲģ
뵽˴ɴɴ̿ˮǲıԺҲս
ϲҧָ⣬֪ͻȻֵ˭ӳû治һȻӣ͸Ƶġ
ף˭ϲᳶǧ°ڣһ䡣
ǧȾӣƿ꣬ĮˮѧԺԺȾǰҲѧԺѧϰ
ϲֲգգ۾
ѧԺѧϰҲ˵λȾҲʶˣѲѷ
ףȾѷ𣿡ϲҧСָͷһ䡣
ǧɿȾƿ촽ɤɵĺܣǵɣǱѷᣬǱǵˡ
ϲҲ֪еϵףǿǧǵᡣ
ǧ󣬲ͷЩ׶֪׿϶ġ
ϲһսСȭͷݺݵȾһۣһ¶⡣
ȾҲڿǡ
ǧЩ΢㶡
ǧǰѾˣںͺڰ᳤ԱȻڴ˴˾
ǧƽҲ
Ⱦһ󣬱㽫Ŀ˻ɺܿģֽĿͶϣһ侹ǶһĨҵǲ֪ʦıȤ
νĿͶȾϣȴһ仰Ҳû˵


1116 

ȾųһһԴȻöɫʦҲ䵭ǺôҲʶһ
ʶһѧԺʱҲ÷Ԩݽ뵽ѧԺеʦǧ
üһе˼ɿ˵Ϊ
Ⱦ΢Уǰ
ǧ˿ȥҲ³ʶģʶ׾ͽѧԺʦ
£ǲǾʶֻҪйصǶǵˡ
ͬһȻΪǱǵˡ
鰡ȾüڳһݵģǺôҲʶһԷһЩᣬͺ𣿡
η䣬
ȾǴЦ⣬ɽģǵЦҲȥ˼֣ǵ飿
δ˵ǧȴվ˭ȡã˭ģУΪʲôҪָһЩ
ȾۣڵΪԣ·Աڴ˿צôҲѧԺѧϰҪô鰡
ǧȴЩƽϡ
ȾȻϢⶴѨУͷ·ԹеĻָһ
⵽Ϊʲô
Ϊʵǿ֮ʲôԨԴ
ǧһ۾뵽£ǸСȴ漫츳꣬ĶƼƷ
˵֮ˣҲŵģټȾСֶӣȾϢڶѨУ֮˵ĿԺܴ
֮˹⽫ڴ˴߶Щᣬⷬõ˭أ
ǧţȻ֮Ѿ˺ܶܶࡣ
ԽԽпܡ
Ⱦȴ֪ǧѾ࣬ͦҪģ¶Ѩ֮ȫǧǵˣټһΣҲǷεĶ֡
ȻҲҪᡱȾ㿪˵һ䡣
Ⱦ˵ǧ۾һУЩɵؿ
ǧĿ⣬Ⱦڰ֣ʧЦҲǣǲ˵ȡã±УôǵģȻЩʵҲǾܷľˡ
ǧüһ棿
ȾͬüȻģȻ󣬵ҲǷɡ
ǧٴü
ǷҪã
ôҲҪʲôˣ
Ǿղɵÿɲõ̬ȣ
ģ̌°ͣЦ⵭ģȴΪۣȻ㲻ģǱ㲻ǵˡ
Ⱦ٣֮ھһĨ⣬ƿ꣬ҲֻЩѾͲסˡ
һ䣬ǧ㿴өˮѾ˶ѨУıһ£ߵŮӡ
ŮӵЩϤǧŮӣ˫ͬ˪
ߣǧǽϳǧѩ
ϤΣǰֲ²⣬ǧѾȷݣ
ΣǱϳˣڶ塣
£ǧ㽫ǧѩݵƣΪԼûбϳɡҾ˵ȾЩ˷ָܵһ⣬˶һѡֵġ
Ⱦ˵ŷڳһϷ˷ģ
ϲּ̬ˣЩȣף˳òҲ̬ΪôǷᣬӴ
ǧŷϲֵԴѹҲһ١
Ⱦ΢䣬ûܵĸɰڳһNɪģЩǺڰ˰ɣһڵģֻЩöԸɣ
ǧͷ˵һ˵
ɴɴȴЩ۾һֱѧԺԺǸֻҲ̫Ƿ˰ɣ
ͻȻɴɴᳶ°ڣЩľ˵һ䡣
һʱ侹Ҳ뷨
ʱڰѾڶѨһվЩɵؿڳˣǿκǧԺеļɵΪ˼֡
ǧȥȾǽĿͶЩϣǸӰڰ˾ȻҲˣ
ˮөߵǧѩȴѹߴߴ˵ţǧطǾͲˣѾõ౦˰ɣôô̰ģüþգ
Ŀǧ϶ǧѩ
ǧδƣüȫ֮ɫӶģұﶼߵã±УǱǵģ˵ôʲôأ


1117 һС

ǧѩЩᣬ֪ǧܻ˵̲ⷬסҪ
ǧѩ㻹ţգǲŲɾͽߡǧѩҧҧǧѨñǰߡ
ⶴѨеı﾿ʲô
ǧѩʶѨпȥܿ㿴һԲ̨ϣǸȥͨĺܣ޹⣬һ֪Ǹͨɫ
νıɡ
ǧѩѸٽĿƿҲȫ֮ɫ
ˮө񿴵Ժ˫ȴһ£˶ԭء
ûпɣǸȻǴ˵еĺ
ഫΨкµֻ֮Ҫ΢һܸԭ״̬ǰã
ֲû᳤˴ԭﾹһı
˵ı仯ͣǧ۾ڸһĨ⸡ֶѾ֪˺ݣֻҪˡ
ڶ࣬в׵ķΣˣ
ǧ˫ֻأڣȫûǷ
ˮөһֱڿź򣬵ǧѩ˸ǧΪдʦΪΪ죬ʦҲܶñ
βһۣһ˫ľ˲
ǧƿ촽˵һ䣬±УҵҪôᡣ
ֹǧѩˮөҲһ
ഫ򲻻ᣬҪͱõϿɣȻĸıϿһࣿ
ԣҵ˺ǲĻҲһ
£ǧȻ˵ѾõˣҲ˵Ѿõˣ
ô̶̼ʱǾȻú᣿
Ҳ̫˼˰ˮөɴ˫ȫǲš
ǧѩҲǾȵգգ۾ǾȻѾõˣǧңǵõʲô
ڻ֪ǳı﾿ʲô
㾹Ȼ֪ǧ֮ɫ
ǧѩɫһ䣬Ӧ֪ʲô
ˮЩصһۣ׳գǺ򣬶ǵõıᣡ
ǧѩЩ仰ԺҲ˵

᣿
ͼϿ˵̲޾Ƕɺһ㲻ᣬЩһ˺ᣬȴûԸ
񣬴˵еĺǰûͼƬǰҫۣ෴޹ģĶͼϵ
λϣǺ𣿡ǧѩ̿ˮСһ䣬ҿͨûʲô
ô޹⣬ѿĺܣ
ˮڵԣŮôޱ֮ͻ޹⣬ΨеٴγŻҫ۷ǳ
ͷĿǧѩɫҲЩѿսȭͷһɱ
Ǳ˻ᣬԲˮù
Ҳ˵ǧѾõˡǧѩٴη߷߲ƽƾʲôŷܹһɳ죬ƾʲôŷܵõ䱦
ˮөˢˢǧǣȴЩɵ׳֡
ǷλǧǶǳټϻɴɴǸǹǸûʲôֵĻᡣ
Ψһͻƿ˲˵һǽĿ˷ϲϡ
һĺӣǷκǧĺӣôСôۣ·ֻҪͻᱻŤϲӡ
һͻƿڣֻҪ⺢£ǧǲԹԾͷ
ˮөһۣ˺ܿͶ˶Է۵׵˼ǵ뷨ǲıϡ
ǶСּͬһʱ̣һ㣬ǳϲֵķɱȥ
һʱ֮䣬ŵħҫ۷ǳͷ·һѤõ񻨣ȴֳΣա
ϲվڶѨһ࣬ҿƺδΣڱƽ
ǧͷμˣȴһ£ȴƽ
Ǽұĺܣ˵ĹֲǳǼұ϶Ϥġ
ǵƽɴɴȴǱŵ쾲ֹˣǾȻ˺һСӣҲ̫޳˰ɡ
Сİɴɴʵ̲סڴһ
κϲЩԶܹȥҲ޷ֹ⹥ƣټͷԶһƬհˡ
ϲֲͷ濴
˵ĹƲ̫ǿɶһС˵ǹƻǺܿµģ͵ֿˡ
ȻϲȴһСӣ
׵ƽˣǶţǻ˫ϵСħʦ


1118 ҶҼұ

ʱǵѾƽ
ΧըħһѤõ񻨣ģ͸һĨ⣬֮иǿѹ
йɣ̩ɽѹ֮ơ
վһǧѩˣЦǧٲȥСģСľ͵군ӦֻɣôСҪˣûôãǿĺܡ
Щֻ֮иǳơ
ǧСҲ˵СγһģһǸˣҲһ
ǧ򴽣ﲻŷϲֿЩ£Щ
ħҪʱǧѩָ⣬ĶҪᵽɤ۶ˡ
ŹâֻҪϣСƨҲʵƤֱˬ죡
첻ԸħâµʱһҫɫĻԽŵӿţЩ澹ΧһȦϲְС
ˡһǲµĹâֱӴ˻Ȧϣȴûܺһ˿һûŹâȻˡ
ϲĻȦȴҫ۷ǳ
һʣǧѩǵɴ˫
죡
СӾȻǻϵħʦҲ갡ħȻôĵزˣ
ԹƣСӵħȼӦĵӰɿֻһĺӰΪٶȻ죬ˣЩڼŵģСǰͲֵһᡣ
ϵħʦǧѩŹȦеķϲ֣鶼ЩˣôܣСôħʦҵȼѾôа϶ʲôаһǲֵĶ
ǧѩвͣȫʵ
վڹȦķϲͶ䣬ǧѩĿҲȻ÷һֱڼвͣûƵġ
ϲɢŹȦһߵǧǰȷΧûΣԺŽȦˣЦף˵ɣȻסǵĹأ
ǧüǳЦҼұȻġ
˵ţ̧ˮөʱеǳЦѲڣһӱǳͬǧ꺮
ǳˣƫҼұǧָ⣬ëҲͶº˵ӰѾǺܾˣĺ
䣬ϵɢҲö**ձøΪš
΢䣬ϵҲɢ
һʱ֮䣬**һֻ֮ƣֱӰǧѩŪʹ಻
ǽϢȾ˫ڵɫҲ˼֣ӴҲˣȻСӣº˰ɣ˼ҶҪˣ
Ⱦ˫ֻأϷġ
ǺڰĳϣҲǷǵĶ֣ߵְ˰ɡȾǽ˵ŷΪڰͦû뵽ҲûӵֻҲֻǻ᳤ŴһЩ
Ⱦһֱੲݣȴûκ˵ע⡣
ǧѩǵĿᣬ˵Ⱦ
ǧǱˣھ뽫ڰȫɵ
˺ˣˡ
ΣҪȫɵôǧȻѯʵ˼Ѿúˡ
ִ֪֣һʲô뷨;Բı䣬Ҳ뷨
ڰЩ˲ˣȻģǽվͱ뿪
ȻģǱɱ˰ɡƮƮ³һ仰ͺҪɱʲôèһ
βûзԣǧϵЦŨ޻ء
ƮƮɱ˴ƣɴɴһᳶǡ
ɱ˴ƣӦڱ͵͵
ôڵˣͲ±˾
ɴɴʵڲǵֻվһ࣬Ĭ
ǧѩҪɱ֮󣬲Щľ
Ҳ˵ʵɲ⣬͵һ̬ǧҲܽŪԪˣȡǵҲǷַӵ顣
뵽˴ǧѩЩ
ǿ϶˵˵ô򵥣ܸܵ**ŵɱˡλϣǸΣǧǿ϶Ὣɱġǧѩ˫ȣº¡
кöûɣô
ټϣǧУǸﱾõ͵¾ܷҡֱϡ죬𳳣ˮüһǲ취𣿡
ǧѩɬĴǣеĺ֮ɫŨ뵽취˵ǿɲҰ
ˮƿ꣬Ĳͷ֪ˣǻġ
ǧѩͷЩսȭͷѾЩƽϣʱʲôͻȻʹκֶΣҲҪ뿪ط


1119 ǿԶȡ

ǣ᳤ҪĶδõôөüͷһ壬ܿһǡ
ǧѩǻҪò㷭ۣ찡ûˣǾű
ǲᵽڻҪʲô죡
Ĳǧѩ̿ˮʶѨŲ˼
ˮ۾⣬һۺȥ͸һɱ⣬ٸŲһھͿɱ㡣
ǧѩ̶½ŲЦòҶ
ˣˮɫź࣬ǸûõĶ뷨࣬Ľ
оܵ裬ǧѩɫһ䣬ȴǸŭԡ
ˮͷөǿ϶ǽصָռˣҪȡǵĽָռ𣿡
ԲߣǧδҲûг֡
ĿҿռУûָʾ᲻ܻҲõǰȫģһҲǿԵġ
뵽˴ǧ˫ֻأһȻģ
ȾҪᱦˣվֱӣҲһ˷ɫ
Ҫ
Ȥ
өƳǿһۣѹǲǷǵöȡǵĽָռᡣ
ˮ󣬲ЩȻȡ᣿Ǵ˷Ŀıǰ᳤ȡᣬ˵öȡᣬ⵽ʲô˼
֪ļөٴѹ͵ֻҪȡϵһû᳤ָƺЩݳˡ
㵽ʲô˼ˮŭһۡ
өƿ꣬ܿͽ뷨˵˳ǿ˶ΣԲ̨ϵĺ˵Ѿ˳˯ŲֻҪЩ᳤᳤ܸԭġ
ˮ۾һȦ
˵ĿľΪѾߣʣµıˡ
ֻҪõ˺򣬻᳤ָܻ״̬ǵĺڰҲٴ
ˮһתЦЦɣͰ˵ð졣
ө˿Ҳ¶һĨϲɫôҸȡ˵Σ
䣬ˮǧѩûʲô
ϾөмһȥȡҲ˰ˡ
һ̶֮˱㿪ʼжˡ
ˮǧѩϮǧ۾һУӦս̬
ü֮ϴż⣬ǹĿ纮ͬһѿҪʵı
˳ֿ磬ܿͽǵĹƵֵ⡣
ǧѩˮȻľΪ¹ϼУȴ뾹һжûֵסǱлҪ
ǧѩ𾪷ǳǰǧֹʵûôǿԽԽǿˡ
ǿȴǧѩ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ֪Σȫǲ֮⣬ֲŪľ͸ϿҧƵģģż죬رĲ
ǧѩԭûˮüһ㻹ԭʲôЩǸǣס
ǧѩҲˮֻ֪ܳˣһᾡǣǵġ
ˮһۣөڲϿŽĿջأֵөϾҪõˣҲһһЩ
õ򣬾ʹҪ뿪طˣҲܵвǧѩһ룬˼֣µҲˣ˸ǸɣһֻƵġ
ȡᣬֱ쿪ǧδʲôֻΪȡġ
ǧѩһתӹֻǸǲȡᣬܶȡʲô
ǧЦĵװǵ޴
ǵעȫûȥעөǧѩһϲϴ˼֣ȴûж˵ڲϾǡ
ǧƽʱ򣬲Щ֡
ЩʲôөǸө񲻼ǧۣʶοȥ˽š
ûãǧòԾө񲻿ܶǾܵģ϶Ǳĳ׼ŻжĿľΪ˶ȡϵĿռָ
ôһ룬ԾЩΥ͸С
ʱȾȴǽڰ˵һһһ
ŪĿıΪ˶ȡǸȾȴᶼˣϷʲô
ȾţҲĨЦȴǶӡ
ǧδȾı飬Ҳûע⵽ǱߵөֻڹעǶԿһһʽɱŪǧѩǱ
ǧѩҧҧȴһĨֲ
ǧ뽫ɱ


1120 

ǧѩҵΣȻ֮ͼөѾ˳õ˺ͷһϲҲ˹
Ѿõ˵뿪Ƿ֮ˡ
ԣˮҲөһһеĺˮһõͺãϾҪ֧Ųסˡ
ǧͷʵ̫Ѳͬһ㣬ôжᱻǸϣ
ºˣվˡ
ܿ˱㿴өǴƣʾǿԳˡ
ˮǧѩٶһۣڴ򰵺һܿ˶Է˼һ׼ĳˡ
ʱεķϲȴͻȻҲŵԲ˼֣ףǺûȻǴ򶷵ʱ򣬽ˡ
ǧķȥ
ͼԭԲ̨ϵĺѾөС
ǧü΢˿̲֪Υ͸оӺδ
ͷө񲢲ΧΪөǶĳҪ͵Ϯʲôģ˭룬өȻ˶ΣҪȡǸѾ˯ĺ
ϵȻ΢Ҳǻ᳤ϵˡ
ǧŴ꣬Щŭ˵һ䣬ΣǱǰһ
βͼөѾźܵѨˣٶȺܿ죬׷ȥҲ׷ʲôˡ
üĮˮңʱûв
ǧҡҡͷҲңЩԣȴûڵһʱ䷴Ӧ
ǧѩˮөѾźѣϵЦŨ˼֡
ǧѩNɪѾõҪĶͲˡ
ǧ˫֮ǽȾģɽ֮ѩΪǿҵģȻѾߣ£ɺã
һ䣬ǧ裬Ƹ¶
һ˲**½ͣѹˡ
ǧѩˮȻɴ۾һʱ侹ǧ۷ߣ˲Ҫȥ
ôǸôܱǿô˳
ǧüһеѪ﷨ѾתһȦһɲǣ䣬ɱ졣
ͬϵħɲǣɫƮҡ٣ƶ˵ˡ
ͬʱǧѩˮЩ¡
Ҫˡ
ܣ
ǱܵЩңǳƣѰʲô֮·֮·кܶ࣬ѰһȦѰһЩʲô
ʱǧеѪ﷨ѾƽεģʱֻôĶ֪
ǧѩˮһݣֻǸȾͺñ񣬷·ֻҪһ£ܽǵߡ
ٶȵתҪǧĹơ
ۿҪȥˣʱеϵħȻ۶ǧѩˮȻɴҲżֲֻ֮ɫ
죬ǿϵħǴϵĻƻᱻֱӿɽ̿
ЩϵħʵǿǸͶ㲻ȥǧѩ亹ֱðҲԲѿ
ǧѩΣԱһֱˮһֱ㣬Ľ䱸Ҳࡣ
̿ˮһµͷԴγɣ뷨һֱԴӣγִ
ǧѩˮʱǳǳЦţȴ˸һŶ⡣
̿ˮۼϵħѾԽԽһֱӽûʲôˮǰֻá顱һЩϵħֱӴˮϡ
ˮֻһʹţһѪ³ŤͷЩŵؿǧѩ㵽ʲô㻹֪֪Լˣ
ˮӵɵϴȫǲţҲмֳŭɫ
ʵڲǧѩеôҲǺڰΪĳϣǧѩǺڰĹѡ
һҺͳϽ
ˮǧѩֻŻȥԺҪúóͷһܽʹòˡ
ǧѩĺһЩŵؿԼƣȻģûʲô
ɸղţ徹Ȼʵֱӽˮ˳ȥˮҲˣ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
϶ԲĲǹġǧѩҧ˫ʾ˵һ䡣
ˮ۾㻹ЩЩʵ̫ǿֻˡ
ۿһ׵罫ϮǧѩվԭأûһҪ˼򴽰꣬ڵķ˼֡
Ҫˮ
ǧѩٳٲ϶֣ˮһһɲõԤӣǧѩ㵽ʲô㻹Щ
ǧѩ΢ﴽ꣬һ֣ٴνˮǰԵֵЩ׵硣


1121 Ҳ׬˰

ˮȻɴ۾ȫǲţҪһĨŭ֮ɫǧѩ㾹ȻıϣǱ᳤֪ˣԲŹġ
ǧѩѹЦû˻֪ģʱˣôῪأ
ˣǾԲ˵ģ
Ϳˮ˳ˣִ򲻹ˮֻţҪǧֽ֮ɱ
ǧѩԽԽ˷ܣ׵Ϯˮϵʱֱӵͷܵˡ
ˮѪǧѩܵķеŭɫ졣
ˣ㲻úú
ˮ˵˼ٴοѪĿŵŵʬ壬ǧЩȵգգ۾ǹҧ𣿾Լ˵⵲ƣ
ǧѩĺܵˣ˲ˬǧҧϵĲڴ˿̸Ϊ˼֣Ȼˣ˲İ
ԭΪԽǧѩҲһˣ˭ĺϧˮҲҪѣʵڶ
Ͳʣβ࣬޷ˮǺڰĳϣóƶڰҲܵشҪٴѰһóƶĳϣֻ»ѡ
ǧͷ˺ܶ࣬ƿ촽˵ôһ˵׬˿ǣղө˺˵Ѿ˳˯ϻһЩЩúڰ᳤ԭ𣿡
δ˼⣬һǿڵǷƷ˳˯ϵǲļƷ˵ò̫أֻ»ʹ˸ԭ˵ػõЩӡ
ǧüͷ΢壬Ҳ˵ڰ᳤϶ܸԭˣֻʱ⡱
εڵ˫Ԩ˲֪˿Щʲô
žžž
ʱһ
ϷȾ֧ӣֵϲʦǽڰóƶĳϸɱˣһڰʵˡ
ֵκǧͬʱȾȥ
ȾǸЦȻӣǧüͷһɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȾԺһֱǱ߿ϷûһЩ˵˼
γȾһۣ⵭Į
Ⱦָ⣬ЦȻԩҰҸղžͿʯ϶ѣȫûע⵽ǵľٶңɴɴҲһֱվţҪ˵ĻҲӦƼ˰ɡ
ɴɴȻһ
Ǹղһֱڹעǳսûȴעһˡ
£Ⱦ˵·ʲôҲʲô
ɴɴԺͦкøеģڣһ飬ֻλԺ޳ܣһֱǶϷ˵뽫Ƹˡ
ʵڿɶ
һֱڹ۲ǳսԣδ˼өϣʵЩǸˡɴɴ򴽰꣬ЩǸ˵һ䡣
ǧҡҡͷЩ޷ҲԼ̫ˡ
Ⱦ˵ǿЦɱ˺ڰĳϣΪóƶҲ׬ˡ
ǧü
ȾûеĲͷ˵Щȡûʲôõĺʲôöʲôã
Ⱦ˵ţ˼
ǧһۣδ˵Щʲô
Ⱦֵڴ䣬ǲ˵ЩʲôҲûʲôȤˡ
ָ⣬һ˲ٴ֧ӣ£еıﶼȡˣҲûʲôˣǼɽţҾ뿪ˡ
䣬Ⱦת
ǧıӰʲôҲû˵
ͬ۾һԲ
Ⱦʼ磬˲Ȥˣͣת˲Ͳˡ
ǧȾıӰüͷ˼֣˿̻벻ףȾ˴ʲôġ
Ҫ˵ģûаҪֵ˼Ϳ˻ϷˣʵڽЩѽ⡣
ǧ򴽣ɳοȥȾֻǿϷô򵥣
󣬲ҡҡͷһʱҲ˵һȻ
ǧ֪¶һ˵ģûپᣬֻһ뵽ڰ᳤иԭĿܣͲ̫̹
ЩөСҲ¶
֪ʲôγοŵż繺ǳ룬ҲβǾûеõգ϶ֻʲô
ǧͷҲࡣ
ҪԸڰᣬ취
ɴɴվһ࣬һʱҲ֪˵ЩʲôЩ֪Ļǿ϶Ҫϸ۲ˡ
ϲָֽ⣬ҲЩգղôûǵľٶǧһǻ˹ЦǳǳģƯǳˣҲˣǳὫڰһ򾡣


1122 Ҫ

ɴɴһֻһѪӿ룬Ҳپˡ
ǧǰĶѨһۣȻѾõ˱ǾͿЩ뿪طʡҹζࡣ
󣬱ͬصͷ
ǧջĿ⣬ǣŷκͷϲת뿪ʱǧѩѾӹӳһǱּǧû׷˿
ܳˣȻ͵ǹС
µİȫǶˮ⵲ƣҲܰȫӳˮǺڰ᳤ϣΪóƶһǱө߻᳤֪ˮģǻԲ˶ߣ
ǧѩԽԽ飬ԽԽ꣬һʱֻһͷֱ˽ŵġ
ô죿
өô˵
ǧѩԭأЩת֮óԼֱϻ˼£һ˲ѪҲһѪζ
ҧҧֱԼĨһѪɫ
˿̣ǸѪޣǱһ֮ǧѩЩüͷ
ѪζŨ˿ҲۿϧΪʱĻҼûзµҩ
򴽣Ѫֱۣһǰȥ
ÿһֱϾͻ¼Ѫ˲ͽȾˡ
ʱһ˫ǿĴֺһֱӽǧѩһε¡
ǧѩüһװ֪˭ЩſҰ
өüһӱסǧѩͣͳҡ
ϤǧѩűŤͷվĹȻө˿өˣһΪǧǣˣұˡ
өƿ꣬û£ǻδ
ǼûгǧѩøӰȫˣ򴽽ǣһ䴽Цô˵Ļǰȫˣ
өͷĴ˼ۣȴüͷҲһɲˮأ
˵ˮǧѩһҲ䶯Ŵ꣬һû˵һˮ
өһʶֽסǧѩļмУЩңˮϾôˣ
ǧѩ۵ѳݣûзŭһŽ˵ղڶѨУǧľٶϴʦҪأǺǸ͵в
ӣ۾ֵټϵʱܻңˮȻǧǼ˸ɱҪϱ𣬿뵽ԼǼ˵Ķֻ֣ܳˡ
䣬ǧѩǱ룬קө䣬޵өϣ᲻ûиˮϱ𣿡
ө˶ԭء
ǸóƶˮȻˣ
ղŻúõģôأ
ȻƽŵĺܣȴǲģҲ̸ټڵĺڰ᱾Щλ϶ˣΪóƶˮҲˣǱ᳤֪ˣȻ᲻ĵġ
өҧҧɫҲΪ˼֡
ǧѩөһۣͷҲЩţϾˮģǱө֪ˣˡ
ԣҪڶԾԲ˵
ǧɱģө̧ۿ֮оۼһɱ⡣
ǧѩͷһһƽȵ˵Ǽɱġ
өȭͷգǺڰĳϣȫǧ֮ǺڰᶨȻǧףݣ
ǧѩ󣬴ǲ˼֡
өѾŪȥˣѾ϶ǧǼɱˣʱǻ᳤Ҳ֪ǼҲˡ
ǧѩָ⣬ϵЦݸΪ˼֣뱻өֻܽϵЦȥûһжǧǼ˺ģԼЩ£Ϊʵڿɺޡ
䣬ǧѩڳһŭӣҲȫǶǧ
өǧѩһۣȴʲôû˵
ǧѩͷЩϰµģɼөûκλɣ˿ҲΪ˼֡
өŤͷСӿ˼ۣƽ˾ĺ棬ܿ콫Ŀ˻³ǧǻδǿЩ뿪ɡ
ǧѩæǵ˵ͷɲǼˣûʲô¶
ѸתһǰһʧããɭС
ûãǱϢػص˺ڰܲ
֮ܲİвݵµڴɨһˣæǹӭӣü֮ȫǹ֮ɫ
өڵµˣڰ֣ɣ᳤ͷ𣿡
ǵͷԴǹϣ᳤ԼķУң᳤ѾȺ϶ʱˡ


1123 ˮ

ө񲻽һȻû᳤ôãǸ
ھͽȥ᳤ө䣬һӾƿ˽ȥ
ǧѩ΢Ƭ̣Ҳ˽ȥ
֮İǳȫûһɫһŰµڴϣ˫ֽڸϣʱʱȥЩġ
өˣæǰһ᳤ǻˡ
һͷ˫ֱֱө񣬡ˣõˣ
өһ´꣬һǿڵǴ˵еᣬŨǡ
ʱ򣬰еһüͷҲһƷ籩ھۼţʲô
өڵɫһƬ̲ǿ˵ǣǧʵǳƴȫδܶᣬֻ˶Σˡ
еɫȥ˲٣·ѾԤϵ֮Ҳûκξ֮ɫƽǳһˮ
ǧѪѪȻǳ֧ӣ̾һ䣬ܴըǶȻó˵۹⿴
ө󣬲һ䣬ټϷһֱǧ࣬Ǿ͸ѽˡ
ε֣İζǸ˱ĽܴѣܶúҲͦбµġ
˵өüۣЩ˵һ䣬²Ȼˣǡ
ʲôüͷһֲܾõԤУܿ˿ȴδˮӰ
ƽˮ϶ֵģӱ꣬˵ҲܴܻŪַܲǳܲɾģˮû
۾еĲŨ˼֣ˮأ
ө䶯Ŵ꣬ð춼û˵һ仰Ļ
šüͷеĲ˼֣ˮǲǳˣ
өҧ˫˺һǿ˵ˮǧɱˡ
Ȼɴө̣һʱ侹ЩܽܣˮΪóƶˣҵȼҲͦߵģǧȻܲһ¾ͽˮŪ˰ɣ
ȫǲţ۾һ䣬µ棬ˮ汻ǧǸˣ
䣬ӿһĨ˿İɫģЩˣ
өֱ˫ƭ᳤ǧѩΪˣµõԺ󣬱ܳɽֻǧѩˮɽУͷ׷ʲôǧѩġ
гǧѩȥ
ͻȻ㵽ֱôţǧѩЩϰµģƿ꣬Сղŵ˵˵һ飬˵رϸ±ʲô
üͷ˼֣˫ҲøӰ
ǧѩҺӣΨдü۲ȥ
ǧѩϲţ·ڱеαɼǧѩ̬ԴǸѡ
ǺڰΪóƶĳϣıǧɱˣ
˵Ļʵƿ꣬һ䡣
ǧѩһæ̧ᶨ᳤˵ľʵһҪҰ
Ͽ˼ۣ糣㽫еȫˣҲǧǽˮɱˡ
ŴǺڰᣬǹλȫɱһǵĳЩݵһˣʵڿɺ޵Ľ
䣬ˣֻڷͷЩ˱޼ɵȫǺڰС
뵽˴вҧҧеɫΪѿ˼֡
ǧѩɫ仯ͣһʱ֪֮˵ЩʲôЩϰµģֱЩʲô
᳤㻹ðɣǧѩڣСһ䡣
̧ͷɰЩˡ
ǧѩһĶ᳤û°ɣ
гƬ̣ǿڵû£ֻ뵽ͷЩŵӣЩڣǵõ˺㹻һָˡ
˵ǧѩ˿ûлʲôҪָˣʱǧÿġ
뵽˴ǧѩϲҲˡ
в֪ǧѩЩʲôĿͶөϣ˵Ѿȡˣ㻹Щҡ
һ뵽ԼԻָЩС
өæǽռָĺȡݵǰ᳤ȡĺˡ


1124 ᳤

дĿ˲䵽өеĺϣǸ˵޹⣬ܸоɢ
ûôŨȴ
ִ򣬵һʱ򣬱оȫë׶ɢ˿ָоͷ·һ㡣
ȻǺŨҵˣЧġź֮ڸЦ⡣
ƣөҲ˼֡
нУȻƵġҪڵˣ¾ȳȥɡ
һҪˣөҲҵ̾Ϳڵ᳤Ҫ˵ĻΪ⻤ɡ
е˫˲˼֣ƽˮżᣬˡ
өæҡҡͷΪ᳤ǣµңֻл᳤ָǺڰٴβʢߣǧʵ̫ţ᳤ָҪɱɱǵ
еȥһ˲ȷʵ˵ʱЩһָǺڰ϶ٴβʢ
өǧѩΪ
᳤ȵͷ㻤ˡөһſȥ
еͷδܾ
ʱǧѩվڷУûһҪȥ˼
вƽȴһһΪλ뿪˵𣿡
ǧѩæǻƿ꣬˵᳤ûҪ˵˼ͳȥͳȥ
䣬ȹתܡ
мӰѾʧٴδеĺ򡭡ƺƽĺϣȴһ㲻һ
ЩȻܵܽ˳׸ΣҲǼõģ
򴽽ǣ˫֮ٴһЦ⣬æϵȫȡ˳
ȡ꣬һ˫ȣ۾ȡȫյڡ
Щڲܣӣľ뵽֫ٺУҲ̾һ
̫ˡоڲӿţرһطڵȫͷųӻûȫָֻٴβ
ûãھȻһ磬Щ粻ϴܿͽڵһиˣھУȴûвʲôһüͷûһ¡
ǡөǧѩȴܵЩͻľ硣
ǿϣǵ嶼оˡ
ǧѩЩµסؿڣһ䣬ô£ô𾢷ˣ᳤˰ɣ
өͷһϧһü徹˲٣üؿһۣ˵˵᳤ǿȻû¡
ө£ǧѩ̿ˮҲ˵ˡ
өһۣ㲻˵Ȼ˵ͷЩģϾǷʵǿҲ᳤֪澿ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻá顱һ죬ţضɽҡͷ·ʲôըһ
𶯣өͷһ̧ʱ򣬾Ϳűը˳
űֱը˵ϣ֮ȴŨ̹û֪û֪ͷʲô
өǰһУֻͷƤЩ飬ѵǼһ᳤ˣ
ô£ôͻȻըˣǧѩ㶵ؿǰһУֻǰŨ̹ģЩˣ᳤ĳ˰ɣ
һөһۣ˵᳤ȺԲµġ
ǧѩŪĲָ߬⣬ĶᵽɤȥˣһЩǣⱬըôʵЩˡ
ңŶը˳ȥȷſǧľƳɵģޱȣЩҲûϰ칦ܽŪ١
£ȷžһӾͱըˣҲ̫˰ɡ
өҲ뵽һ㣬ͷ
᳤㻹ðɣө΢΢ǰһŻðŨ̵ķһ䡣
仰һʳڱʯ󺣣öʲôӦ
өվڷ⣬Ķ֮Ҳżֻ֮ɫ
һֱĬǧѩҲЩǻ᳤ʲô¶û˿εסСˣ
ǧѩҧס˫᳤Ҫ¶
өл˰죬ûеõκλӦͷ켱ˣԭص˻̧ŲҪȥ
ʱ򡭡еŨ̾ɢȥ˲٣ŨУ˳Ⱦİɫ½˲өУģƬɫӰͷζ



1125 Ҫ

өˣȻɴǵӰǻ᳤ǻ᳤
ө̿ˮȫǼɫ᳤û¶Բԣ
ǧѩҲӰ⣬Ȼǻ᳤ɣɸղűըôȻһҲûУҲ̫˰ɡ
䲻ϣ᳤£ܾЩ벻ͨ
ҧҧٴζӰš
ģЩŨѾɢȥǵӰӳУеһҲ
ө˼һΣǻ᳤˫һͬʱҲ˿᳤û̫ˣղűըô󣬵׷ʲô
ǧѩ´ŰУȴûκ˿ڣ˫״̬ҲȸղŸӺˣҪǣȻ´߶ˡ
Ҫ֪˵Ժǻ᳤һֱڴϣˣδվ
ǻ᳤ͻȻվκ
ǧѩ΢ţЩ
û¡з䣬ƿ꣬Ҳ㣬ղŵıըʵҲûʲôֻʱ򣬲ֲѡ
өǧѩЩȻ
ĲȻǿ
᳤£өü뵽ղſµıըͷЩϰµġ
ҡҡͷͬǳƽղͬˣҵ£ʱͻĳֲЩǿȴ˺ңңûҵѾָ𣿡
˵Щʱ죬żϲ֮ɫ
ө濴˼ֶߣϲüңϲ᳤ָŻ᳤Ϊ˼֣ǺĹͣ
з䣬˳Ⱦż˵ѹУȻǺĹͣЩЩȴֻ̲Ҫһָǿ˼֡
өէֳһƹâԸоԼһ᳤ʵǿ˵ǰĻ᳤һôµĻ᳤һǣʵ˿̽塣
ϲ᳤ʵǿùٴλָԻָտɴөæǵϥأü֮ȫǹ֮ɫ
ǧѩˣҲæϲ᳤ʵǿ
΢΢֣ʾǿЩɣѾָٴƹܹڵ񡣡
Ļ΢٣Ťͷөһ䣬գڸ½пʲôҪٰ죿
өϸƬ̣ǿ˵˵ʲôͻ͵˵ʮҪеˣӱϼ˼档
˫΢΢һΣϼ˼Ϊóǹȱıˡ
ө΢΢̧гɵջ᳤˼ǣ
аָ⣬˫ҲܼϼˣǲֽϼץΪһǹὫᷢչĸá
ө֮ͬ⣬᳤˵üǣǺڰ࣬ȻҪһˣϼ˱Ҫѡ
Щȥš΢ȴ͸żҪ죬ͱ
өȭǼᶨȥ˶ţ᳤ͷİɡ
䣬ө뿪
ʱھֻʣǧѩͰˡ
ǧѩָ⣬һʱ侹Щš
гһۣͷƤʱǿ˵ǧѩ㸨ө£ǧʲôӡ
ǧѩһͷ
гһֵ֪ǧЩԹֻҪñְ¾ͳɣûģͱʲôӣкֶܶ
ǧѩŵúֹˣ̹ڵϣ᳤»ϺөϣԲʲôӷ᳤¡
ˡٴΰڰ֣ҾһΣҷʲôСݹҲˡ
ǧѩһæǵ˵ͷ
ŻȥԺ󣬰ǧһЩ鷳
˭룬᳤Ȼ֪˼һ棬ŪʲôСֻᱻ᳤Ū
ҲֻģʱǼЩʲôˡ
̾һ̧뿪ط
пıӰһ˲ͬһû֪˿Щʲô
ֱǧѩӰʧŽĿ˻Լƣһ˿ǳǳЦ⡣
ڻָˣڲڴˡʱҪǧٱ
°̧ߣûñص˷УĴѾ𣬵ȹһҪ׼һװá


1126 ǵû֣

ʱ׻½ɭС
ǧѾӹ˳ΪӵԵʣϲûʪĺۼһֱ½һĺܡ
ǧƣȴδǧѩǵӰӣѾ뿪Ƭɭ֣ڰܲȥ˰ɡ
ﻹź򣬹ǸŸǻ᳤ˡ
뵽˴ǧ˫˼֣ûãüͷٴˣ£ƲЩ˵ӰˣƣѾصܲȥ˰ɡ
βһ˫ĺֱ䵽ǧϣӦǻصܲȥˣҪǵĻ᳤Ȼҵ顣
ǧߵƲʣЩƲεͷȴһư֮ɫۣҲ˼֣ǻ᳤ԭ½ֻֻʲôȷѪ
˵ţǧ̾һɰĺܡ
֣ͷţȷȷѪ꣬ǾһЩܹԤģҲ̫ˡ
ţż˵ζ˲ǧƽͷΣڴżǳЦ⣬ҲǣֻҪǾһЩܱ鷢һ˵Ҳˡ
ǳǳһЦȴǲ˵ˡ
ǧۣǽĿ˻ȥ
ϲּüĿ飬ûȥǣ洽͵Цţ֮Щ
ɴɴڻ꺮ůûע⵽ߵ
ǧ΢䣬Щտɭ֣˵һ䣬ȻѾҵ˱뿪Ƭɭְɡ
һͷ
ɵ˼ǰһŲ
ǧۣ˽ŲǰˣǺһұˡ
ƣĭǰɡ棬ǧһ䣬㿴кЩ˴Ӳݴ˳һһЩˡ
ǧ˫ֻأ۾˼ۡ
ĭǧĿ⣬һʵǧûҵﰡһȦȴʲôûз֡
ǧָ⣬ҡͷҲûҵʲô
ĭǧǲţ棬ûҵκα𣿡
ղźǧ˵ҵˣǧ˵ûҵʲôǹô˵İɣ
ĭ۾ɵؿǧۡ
ǧûеĺ֮ɫһ̹֮ɫȻģǼȻǱܹͨҵģ
ĭ۾еĺɫ˼֣ǧҪҳʲô
ɿãͼǧ̹ûκ
ĭüͷɫҲΪѿ˼֡
ƼĸŮվĭ࣬ͬżӣҲǧûҵκα
ǧҼһֱɭлεǵʲôֶûУƿ۾ʳЩʱҲмּ
ǧƺһ˵ûоûУʷΣƭ˵ˡ
Ŀ̫ԵʣĭǾǱһæĿջأҲȥǧ
ĭЩŤͷΣ˫ͬˮż˵үûҵκα
γĭһۣĮͷ·ڿƵģδҵκαǲţҲûʲô˵ġ
ĮĿĭĲһ򴽣һʱҲ˵Щʲôˡ
ƿһۣҲ˵
ǲ˵ǧʼ磬еЦٴ˿ȴ͸һɴζ˿ر
ôҲ֪ûҵʲô˰ɣǧƿ꣬һ䡣
ĭЦʲôû˵
ƿٴζӣ˲ЩɫûҵǱ﾿ںηãȴûɭҵκζʵֵĽ
ǧʼ磬ɫƽȻҲɭȫҹˣҲûҵʲôǾ͸֪ںηˡ
ƿ㲻죬Ҫõǣȴûаͷôźð
ǧеİտڣЦ
ЩĿռ䰡ֻҪ˵ЩԶ֪ġǧָ⣬ɫ
β࣬ϸĴָӣҲ÷۾
ĭ˵ҧ˫Ҳŷߺ޺ͼʣڶƼҼˣƾʲôβ߿һۡ
ƾʲôҪǼã
ĭҧгݣϵĲʸΪ˼֡
ȴûһûĭ
ĭˣٴᡣ
΢䣬һϮƮҡ˲绪ٷǳ


1127 ȫ˹ȥ~

ĭȻɴ˫һͱ˹ȥſˮĿһֱ
οζÿòˣֻһˡ
õˣȴֻǧջɫĭȫζ䶯Ŵ꣬ȴʼ˵һ仰
ǧһۣдżּڽЦ⣬ĭûʲô¶Ǿ뿪ˡ
Ҫ뿪ĭͷЩңæǳסǣǾô뿪ˣﶼѰ𣿡
ĭԽԽ֣ǧӣ϶ҵﲻݣǾҪ뿪ˣǧԸЩ밡
ǧ΢΢һתѰ˵ǣѰ˺þãȴûѰκټ˵ڴ˴𣿡
һĭס
ƼĸŮ΢򴽰꣬Ҳһ¡
ǱˣǧǳǳЦ֮дżִ֮⣬ţڱĵطȥĵطǿǧҿɲϲ˸ţҼҷҲǲġ
ǧЦס˷ε󣬻˳ͶĭһƵ
ĭбһ뵽ǧ˵ģûе
ҲûпӰӣѲɣǧ˵һﲢطڱ𴦣
ôЩѰңǰ׷ˣ
ȥĻֻҲùѡ
ǧ㾯ˣӲͷƤȥĻǻᱻƲ
ĭ򴽽ǣЩƮ˵ʲôأҲŲǣطȻôΧţǾ˵϶ʲôö
˵һ룬ĭͱˣǧָıʲôġ
ǧڰ֣ü䣬ڵͬԨȻǾñǱˣǾ뿪ˣĭͲˡ
ĭüͷ
ͣ
û뵽ҪǧŮҲ̫뵱Ȼ˰ɣ
ɰڷĭҲ˵ЩʲôֻܸЦŵͷߺãһ׼
ǧһЦŷת뿪
ûãӰĭǰʧˡ
ĭ뿪ôҲվסˣҲȥƣȻһֱ⴦طѰңҲ²ҵ
ţĭȹڣֱ뿪⴦ɭ֡
뿪ƼĸŮҲЩ
ƿĿ䵽ϣ˵ףĭǼҲ߳ƬɭˣѵҲȥĵطѰұ
۾ʵǧ˵Ҳеڴ˴ûӰӣȥѰңҵˡ
ƿٿһĭǼҲñڱ𴦣Ҳǧˡ
һ뵽ĭǵ򣬶һһأͷЩ̫ˣҪɭлͦΣգǶϲĭͬеġ
ƿٴᳶ°ڣףǿЩȥѰұԲռȻ
һҲҵ飬ƿתߡ
ûãǧǾʹεĵطˡ
뿪ķǧĺڵһЦе˼ǾȫҺƹȥˡ
˵Щʱǧһֱ뿪
֪ǹ˵ģǳЦĳɭת˼Ȧûҵĵ˵Ȼż֡
ǧֻЦ
ϲȴͣС֣ЦﶼѾˣǾ㵽ƴѰңҲҲģֻ˷ѡ
ǧеĴԵļ֡
û
ǹ·ģ˭һֱԼԣ¾͸һѵ
ǧָ⣬ٴ䴽Цɲʲôˣ˶ãȻҪȥġ
ɴɴϲּԼƼ˵ǧҲͬǺ޲ĭǶһЩ·
ɴɴǧļЦ˵ǸղžӦǶһЩ·˭̫أ
ǧһڴżĵЦ⣬˵ЩҲǹǺˣִֵͦģƻɭдϼ졣
ɴɴĵĺܣǾǶգǻţ
˵ţɴɴձȻһ£СرС
ɭдһ̧뿪ˣܿ죬Ǳص˰׻С
뿪˺Щӣ׻ɷǳַǷСؽֽǸȥϼ
ǧֵܿȥɭֵ˶Ѿˣ϶ƣۺͰâȻûҵʲôʧˡ
Ѱұ֮͸ˣһ״Ӷ˱Թһ䣬ûҵﲻ˵۽ġ


1128 ̫

ʱһҲһ䣬ǰ˳˵ľӣɱĻ棬ЩҲ֪Ƿʲô边Ȼɱˣܵÿ졣
ǣܲ죬ֻ»֮ǵġ
Ҳ֪Ǳ﾿ɭֺδôӰӶûƼ
Щ״Ӷߴߴ˵ͣûӰӣвʣȴɭͷˣʲô¶ǿǻûġ
ǧЩӶһۣںһЦ⡣
ͱȡˣǾٲģҲûʲôˡ
ĳȴʲôҲû˵
ǧڷϲ˲䣬͸һֻɵСèƵġ
ǧҪ˵ʱ򣬾ͼһ˴Ⱥ߳Ӷ·ɫЩǱ˫ȴǾģرо
ϳ̷ɣɭмϳ̷ɡϳ̷ҲƼǣһ˫۾ģȺһӾߵǧǰҲǸɭг˰
ǧϳ̷һֻۣǵʺöѣ㵭ڵǰˣǶûѰҵӰӣͲɭ˷ʱˣңɭΣһʲôŹȥˣ
ϳ̷ͬصͷǰɭʵڿ˵ЩС֩룬˵澵ӰɣҲǼа
ǧʹĺڵȴֳһĨЦ⡣
аͱŪˣͱһЩС֩룬ҲͱУֻҪ⣬
뵽˴ǧȥЦ⣬ٴοڵȷаŵĺܣΪ˲մȾЩϻˡ
ϳ̷һæͬصͷ˵òѵõıȴҲܲԼ˵ǶûƼӰӣҲ޷жǱ﾿ڲɭ֮С
ǧϳ̷ɿһۣкһĨЦ⣬ǰֻҪûƼǱ˭֪Ǳ﾿ûɭУˡҸտĭȥˣ㲻һ𣿡
ϳ̷ɵɫЩѿ·ѾĭǣڵͲһˣǳֵģŪҲķͷֵˡ
ǧǳֵӣٴһ䣬˫ȴ纣˲֪Щʲô
ǷֵҲǺ¶׼ȥɭơǧ΢٣üҲһҲֻ֪ʲôΣա
ϳ̷ͷûΪһ֪ںηıʵ̫㣬»ص˳еҲֵڡ
ǧ䴽ȴû˵
ϳ̷ɳǧһۣʶĿͶϡ
ͼȾ˺һӣ񻹴żּɫʵڿµĽ
ϳ̷ʶԼıӣǲǻ̫ˣ˷εĲ
ĨΪĺϳ̷ŵͷһæǵһ߬ƵҲûʲô¶ˣȻӶȥˡǵøлǰЩӵĳǣֻҲƽصС
ǧڰ֣ѵ֮͡
䣬ģһ̶
ϳ̷ſˮŵתߡ
ǧЩؿ뿪ıӰǼ˻ôģҪҪô찡
ʶקקε°ڣֹһ䣬ϳ̷ɻ˼ͷû׷ϣбҪܵô𣿡
δƿ국˵һ䣺ʲôɣҲ̫⡣
ǧҲЦŵͷ
һеķϲСЦͣոҵԴˣϲ˺˵Цģֱӽ˸ˡ
ǸúӣԲģ
ɴɴһֱں˵Ҳûע⵽Ǳߵ
˵˵ţɴɴǸŻ
æĿڣŻòθŻˡ
ͻĸŻҲŵ亹ðôˣû°ɣ
ŻòˣɴɴͣҲʶҡҡͷû¡
Ż֮ɴɴ˲٣ղһ˲֣ѲǳԻʲôˣ
۾ô붼Щģסɴɴļ򣬿˵ʦóҽǲôʦ㾿ˣ
ɴɴذڰ֣СëҿֻǳԻˣڶѾû¶ˣͲ鷳ʦˡ
۾ûˣ
ɴɴԭתһȦÿ˵رϲڣģʲô¶ҾǳԻˣſľͺˡ
õĽеĽŵҲɢ˼֣ƿ꣬һ䣬¾ͺá
ɴɴٺһЦ㲻˵


1129 ȥ

һֱ˵ǧͷһۣʵ˵ʲôôصģ
ɴɴ֣û£û£Ҳû˵ʲô
ǧ۾ȻЩţ£ҸղЩҴҵģǺżӡ
Ļһ䣬κͷϲͬͷ˿һۡ
ʦ㶢ţɴɴֻû͸֮⣬˫ִ࣬Цû¶ҸղžǳԻˣЩСֵġ
Сֵͬͷһ̫˶ѡ
ǧŷͷȻ£Ҿͷˣ㶨Ҫ÷ƣҽɸš
ɴɴһֻͷһϵЦҲ˼֣¶ҶôʦƵģл
ǧ΢΢ȴ
ûãкؽֵİҲˡ
ǧ΢£䣬ſ˵ɭд˺þãǻȻصլȥɡ
ûʲôתͻصլС
뿪˺Щӣլﶼһ㱡ңֻҪԴɨһסøʣҲôͻȥ
ϾٹҪʼʱܼˣǿܱ⿪ˡ
뵽˴ǧ˫˸ĹҲ˿С
ֽռеȡвͣذţʵع⻬ȥѣżֲ׵ϡ
һӣǧŽռУ׼ڰ׻½Щʱգأڻصȸ½һͬڰ׻½
ɴɴһۣƺмԥ
ûãɴɴǿ˵Ҳڰ׻½ģǣվҪȸ½ˣǵ¶
ǵ¶Ҫȥͬг˵ϾǶݵˣ͵͵ģ
ǧһЦôǳ
Ҫȥ˰ֻ¸ΣҪıȥɡǧüЦøζ
Цüۣɴɴһ죬ߵú޲Ҹضȥ˵ʲôأʲô
˵ֺߵӣǧЦЦû˵Щʲôˡ
ɴɴˣ˿ϵĺҲȥ˼֣ʶֳǧ˼ֻۣ˵Щʲô
ǧɴɴһЦ
ɴɴͷһ̶㵽Сֺ˼֡
ûһǧͽĿջȥ°ŻˣҪڰ׻½УϾЩҪʼˡ

ɴɴһҲһȦҲ뿴νǣøȸ½ȥֻҪˡ
Ҳ뿴εġɴɴЩźؿڡ
еźæǿ˵Ǹϵüֱӻصͳˡ
ɴɴ˫ٶ𣬾͸ϵķƵģ貲ģ
貵˫˫лһ֮ɫƿ꣬ҲƽһĨᣬȻġ
ɴɴһЦЦǳ
˵ǧ̫ˣκͷϲתص˷У̫ˣǻǸϽߣռ佻ǰɡ
ϲҲ첲пһ䣬ǰ̫ˣǰҲô˰
ǧ̸ѣͱ˰ɡ
ϲһͷ
γǿһۣһʱ侹ǲ̸֪ʲô˼ÿϣɫҷأڵɢһ欵Ļ
ǧŤͷһۣһʱֻþޱȣΣǺÿԽԽÿ
βĺڵ˫ȴģƽ˼ϲ
ա
ɴɴҪصȸ½ˣǽһĸʱŻᵽ
ǧվͷֱӰʧǽĿ˻һȥֻû˵ģټ³ͻȻЩ϶ᱻ
Ƕ˵ǧԹԵ˵ӣƼ֮˶ΪϣϱȥЩɵüʱһֱץ꺮ůֻˡ
βȥֻüᣬ׻żЦ⣬ͷ·һ̲ϸˮ˲С
㵹Ƶͨ͸ƿ꣬ǳ˵һ䡣
ǧףͬ˵ɰɣԹ۲һ¡
䴽Цȴÿǳǧٴγԡ
һͼĿͶ𴦡
ÿ£ĦĲ豭˵ʮʱ䣬ЩʱǶҪڰ׻½Ǹȥʲô𣿡


1130 ͦɰħ

ʮգȴû¿ǲģǧġ
ǧƿ꣬˫ģͬǳһǲڰ׻½˺ЩЩǶͳһװһ£װ޺ԺǾҪĶ
ҩο˳Ľë΢̣һ˲˷ǳ
ҩȻҪġǧָ⣬֮żҰģһһЩĶϴħӲЩʱǾȥץЩħȻ¡
һҲⲻһЩҩ˸еƣһЩĶȻǼõġ
еõ𣿡ٴοһ䡣
ǧ۾һգЦҡҡͷ˰ɣЩȫǼƷǷ϶鷳Ž᳡Ҳʡȥ鷳
εȫ
ȳȥЩӵĹǧü䣬ЩȲ
ʲôû˵ȥˡ
ϲҲϲڣȫԼס
׻еĹкܶ࣬ǧ෽̽ҲһЩĹ
ЩӶһСһСһģǧͻȻ룬뽫ЩӵǽȫͨʱһӣȻöһЩͬĶ
ô룬ҲôˣЩٶҲܿ죬Ųʱ䣬ͽǽȫͨҲͷһ
һСӣڱ˴ӣҲΪЩӵݱø˼֡
ǧ˼룬ӶΪ̸󡱡
Ϊʫ黭֣˰ǵע⣬ݵʱ򣬰ǾѾע⵽ˡ
Ǵδ˽ӵǽȫֱͨӸһӣΪ󵨣Ҹзա
һûʲôҪӵĻôһӿ϶ҪܶңһҲҪһôӰʱ϶
뵽˴ӵ˾˭Щʲôأ
ףǶǵءϲ°ͣϲ̵˵һ䡣
ǧȻҲע⵽ЩգȴûнǵĻϡ
ҪҩħޣӻȻˣĶ϶ȥп鷢
ǧϲֵͷЦ˵ģǳ۵Ķ϶ȥ
ϲӣЦ˵һ䣬ûеİֻǾͷӺȤʱǵһ϶ܽǾ
ǧĴѾ׬ҵĻˡ
ٴһǸɣͷȻһװ޵ζݵļΪҲ˽ǹװ޵ζˡ
ϲֻţСЦ⣬ףӱԺ󣬱úúÿǳϲ
ǧЦſǰӣȻտĺܣԾܿӰӣֻҪһЩҾߣǻӸߴϡ
ΣȥһЩҾǧЦεĸ첲
δӦһ
һڱȥмҾȥˣüҾ˱صУûһӾЩӣֻ϶ǿյģֻнƷȥԺҵ
ǧȽҩʲôһԶ˳ʱ磬ŷȥһ˳ɭ֡
һˣջķᣬǱץ˺ЩħޣйħޣҲкЩħޡ
˵ħǸ߰ģеħȴһɰͰ͵ӣǱǵײиˡ
δôײе࣬һһ٣˱ܴɱķֱħ
صԺǧͽħǹ뵽һУħЩ£ɵǧҲûӱҲ
ϲֶЩħޣЦףЩħЩͦɰģܸǳЩҩ𣬵ʱݹģһüǮɡ
ǧӲ˼֣⵽һ⣬ĵҩأ
ôôǧЦϲֵ
ϲֱֿЦΪǵ׵ĺӰȻĽ
ǧ𴽽ǣֱӶЩħ޼ŵҩЩħŵҩζҲӦ˸ǲҴģż֡
죡
Ǵ˵еĵҩ
ζúţҲ̫˰ɡԵҩʦô
ħûҶ룬һھͽҩȥҩڼЩҲɢ˿Ūǳģ
̫óˣŮԣ
ħǶ֪Ů˵۰Ͱͳǧһ໴ģ
ǧЩεظ˸ͷôһЩħ޵ͦɰġ


1131 վܿҵ

ôɰħޣ᲻ô죿
ǧħǺӣЩħ޻ȣᳶ̽Ŀ˻ȥ
ЩħһʽңԲ
ЩħƲ֪ǧЩʲôɳԺúȺã˳ҪõóԵĵҩ
ףЩħ޶۰Ͱţ˵ҪԵġϲָӣЩ˵һ䡣
ǧٴζһƣǻҪʳǸղѾ˹൤ҩˣڻֻѾˡ
۾׼趨һƶȣιһΣʱܳһЩСʳʱͲιʳˡ
СôһӣܵЩƶȲУǻҵġ
ǧȵСӵȫûһҪóҩ˼
ħǼóԵģҲͲˣǽһŵҩԵߵ棬һϢȥˡ
ǧץħаֻЩħȫȥĻ׬ڽҰɡ
ڷźħԺǧƺõĵҩҲȫȡҩƷʶϳˣƼĵҩҪá
Ϊ˱ֵ͵ǧҲȡһЩͽ׵ҩ
μԼţҲû˵ʲô
ħޣҩӦЩʲôأڷźõҩ֮ǧ°ͣ˼
ƿ꣬˵һ䣬ռҩݣǵǿóһ
ǧΪͬصͷռƷҩݽ̴деģʮ㣬ȥĻ϶һõļǮ
ټռóһҩûãҩֻ³Բжϻġ
ǧĻϲؿŷΣЦΣⷨӵǼõģɣ˵ҲһЩҩ
ˣҲ𴽽ǣһĨǳǳЦ˲ţÿ
ǧüۣС
ϲּüĿ飬𴽽Ц
ǧûע⵽еЦæһ𽫽һ÷ŵĶȫˣвĻҳҲɨɾûһտ˲÷ḻ˵ĸߴϢ
ӱװÿǧҲЦ
ִӿռóһЩЩħ޾ʲôģ׼ЩҲһͬˣֶ࣬һЩǺõġ
ȥʱͷѾˣⷬģվܿҵˡ
ǧƣһ˵ģӱǴ󹦸ˣձܿ⡣
ϲִһЦò÷ǳ׺żʱ䣬ǵӾܿҵˡ
߰յ¼ɡǧһ£Ѿȥ߰ӣٹЩʱҪʼô˻ĶЩС
ϲֽȫǳɫ
οдżǳЦ⡣
ǧ΢΢䣬׼ȥӻ򼸸Ȼ̫ߵϲӦõġ
գǧһͬȥˣã˾òˣ뿪ӻصڵլˡ
ʱѾ֪ҩģȻЩĶȻðǻҲ
ǳй涨ģҩǲģҪҩͱӵҩʦƾ֤ҩʦĻǾٺòˡ
伴Ҫŵӣҩʦƾ֤
еĻôƾ֤ǽϣһĵҩӣҪƾ֤ȥġ
ƾ֤൱һΥӣûСҲǻᱻģ
ǶǼ˼ۣҩʦ˵˵ʡֺȺ֮ƻе
Щǧǲ֪ڷгԴأףӵĿţܱߵķΧҲϲĽ
ӾҪˣͻȻúøˡϲִһõЦ˲ˡ
ǧͷЦҲܸˡ
ĸˣеЦҲ£ֻҪǸˣȥɡ
ա
һڳ緹ٳн
ɵ·ŵʱ򣬾ַλˡ
ĭǡǱڣһǸήҲӣɼڱɭйò˳͸ΣգʹǱģ
ϲСһָףǴǣǾȻڲŻصУ߰һֱɭ𣿡
ǧЦŵ⣬Ӧǵġ
Ҳ̫˰ɡϲֱ죬ȫ֮ɫûҵӦûˣǻɭлεǱҲǻá


1132 

ǧû˵ȴΪͬϲֵĻ
ϲֳǿ˼ۣеɫ˼֡
ûãǧͳûֵʱŷκͷϲתˡ
ҲǰɣǲǾݣǲҪˣָǱʱֻ»ҧ˲ŵġ
ǧȺܿС
ʱҲ̫磬ѾǧѾŴ򿪣ֱֱվǶ׼Ϸ
ûƾ֤Ļһҩʦ˶ǵӲ⣬ʱɾ˼ˡ
ǾӵţҲǵӣֻܿϷͳˡ
ǧͷܾðǵЩԾǲŹģϷģʲôϷɿأ
۾һʱЩ
ΣûоЩǵЩԾǧͷ˵һ䡣
̧˲佫ǵģӳУȷʵЩ֣ڿʲôϷ
ǧ۾ҲָоⷴӦԲԾ
η䣬ɫۻһĻȣˡ롣
ǧû˵׼̸̸˵
ϲҲ˰ǵĹŹ֣קǧӣһ㵽
ǧһЦϵ׼ȼţȼԺǼҵҲʽˣԣ˿ҵ
Ǽ̸¿ţͷеĶۣҪԽȥǧվ̨ϣӸµǣƲף
ƣ΢΢һ㶣һ뵽ûҩƾ֤ǰڳһϷģԵ˼֡
ǧָ⣬Ŀ˲˼֡
ЩĲԾƽһҪۣܻڳһϲģ£ֻģô£
ͷ·ڵǵùƵġ
ǧֲ⣬еҲ˼֡
ǡһʲô˻Ұɡתһ־ò̫ᣬ׻½ûãӦʲôˣĭҲŽջ֪Ҫӡ
˵Щվô£
Ѿ꣬ǧʽţͼŰɫ۵ӲȺǵӿ첽
ǧһƣǵǰһΪµͼͼЩϤƵġ
۾Ŀ˲ЩӵϣͼЩĺܣϽԴ֮ɫȫģҳӵġ
ǧһ˲һĨ֮ɫ
վɰأ˫Įˮ
˵ģӣЩŰµӺܿˣһھЩĻ
ϲֳǿһۣСҲһ⣬Ϊ
ǧͬ۾Ǻˣǵк
ЩŰµӲδػϸϸӼۣһ۱ƼͷڷźЩҩеͽ׵ģҲһЩ߽׵ģҲͦ
ǣͰ˵һиûҩƾ֤˵еĵҩ͸·һ
ЩҩȥĻֻ»ǳдʲôΣ
˫Ҳ˼ŭɫ
ǵУΪûҩƾ֤
ǧЩؿһۣҩƾ֤
ʲô
δ˵ֶڱĵطҩӵʱҲûҪʲôƾ֤
ƾ֤ʲôƾ֤ҩҪƾ֤ģǧգգ۾ЩãȻһ䡣
ټʳڣЩһۣҲĵؽˣǰ׻ҩҪǳҩʦ䷢ƾ֤ûƾ֤ҩǲġ
ǧ˫Ҫƾ֤ͷһ˵
ǧοһۣͼҲڿԼ
䴽Цһ£ȫ֮ɫαԹ
ԴʾҪüͷġ
ܵͷů⣬ǧ۾һֻСèһŤͷЩӣʵֻƾ֤ñĶ治𣿡
ûòǿ˵ûƾ֤Ļͱӵҩʦĵȼ£ƾ֤ͻ¶Ǽȡõġ
ǧһתһɫģνƾ֤ôȡã
ɡֶ͸ִӪҵִһΪλȡãǧüһ䡣
룬ǿڽ͵Ҫƾ֤ͱӵлʵ۱¸ǵӡ£ֻҪӡ£ƾ֤Ǻϸģ֮Ǽð



1133 鷳

Ǿ͸ˣӵлµ˿϶ҩʦҩʦҲǼģ˵ĲһЩʮһҩʦͺܲˡǸ̾һ䣬Ҳǿ꣬ŵԳΪҩʦ
ЩԼļ壬¸ҩƷǻٻǧҩŵԽҩʦżġ
ǰŮŷᣬһһδģȻҩʦ
ǧһתȻҪʵ۱µĸ£Ҳ̫鷳˰ɡһʵҲܼģǼˣʵйǸ£
Ҫʵ۱µĸ°ǧգգ۾ЩΪѵǾһȺСϰնѣлʵ۱°
ǰڰ֣û£ֻҪҩʦǼһ£˻Ὣǵƾ֤ʵ۱ǰ
ʲôǧü
ֵǰǼƾ֤Ķ࣬ŶӣƵŵˡ
ꣿ
ھ뿪ܵȵꣿ
ǧָ⣬ֽռеĳɫȡɫĻԣر
˵ҩʦҲУͷϾһöɫ£ܿ𣿡ǧ·ϣɫĻ¹ʶĿʾĽҩʦݡ
ǶǰĻ£һ¡
ŮᣬȻĽϵҩʦ𡭡Ҳ̫˼˰ɡ
ǼǧóһöɫҲŵԭء
ʵû뵽ŮӾȻǸҩʦһĽϵҩʦҲ̫˰ɡŵ˵ҲˣǶˣڵɫҲǱ仯ͣ
ǧеĻ£һ䣬ôˣеö²𣿡
ǶһۣһԼȻǿԵģвٸ߽׵ҩĽϵҩʦֻƳͽ׻н׵ҩ߽׵ҩþŽף߾Žϰɡ
䣬ſˮϵĸ߽׵ҩͲܹ࣬Ƴ߽׵ģҲֻƼҵ˲Żᡣ
Ƽרŵӣ۳ҩܻ࣬һգﻹжĵҩ
˵Ǹ߽׵ҩǴӺδ
ᣬЩΣ˵αӲƷɣ
̿ˮǧҲ˼֣öȻǿԵģи߽׵ҩջʾĵȼ߽׵ҩǲƳġ
ԣǧ۾һ⡣
ɫ˫ȴ纮һ㡣
ǼˣһԣЩ߽׵ҩҪ֤֤ûˣǲۣܳȥŪƾ֤Ҫ߽׵ҩһöɫǾԲеġ
ǧüͷҲмŤ֮ɫ
ҩô鷳ҪŪ֤Ŷǲֵŵˣǧʹǵ٩˵һ䡣
ǵͷЩε˵ǰƾ֤̫࣬ҪŶӵˡ
ǧüٴһƿ꣬ǳһ䣬ôʲô취ھ߽׵ҩ
ϾѾˣΪûƾ֤̫ˣ
ŲԹ䣬ΣҪ콫ӿ
ǿһۣһǿڵʵΪ򵥵İ취ȥҩʦμӲԣֻҪõɫ»ǽɫ£ôӲܿţԺ󣬲ܹʲôҩʦᶼˡ
ɫ׵Ž׵ҩʦӵУöµĺǳߣ½ôˣҲֻжʮ˲ŵõöɫ£ɫĻǾ͸ˡ
ǿʮҩʦӵеģȫ½Ҳûܹӵнɫ£ƾƼҲ޷ӵС
õ˽ɫ£õҫʱҲ½䶯ˡ
£ŮʵᣬܵõɫѾǺ˲ˣõɫ£ǽɫ£ֻΰɡ
ҩʦĿ˲ô򵥣˼СǿȰһ䡣
ǧǿһۣ⵭ĮҩʦȼӦòʲôΣհɣңûӦҲᱻʸɣ
һ̵ͷǲΣգûҲᱻʸ񡣡
ɫôѿȫ½ôˣҪʸЩ˻
ȻˣǱ㲻˼ˣֱȥˡǧһۣں˵һ䣬ҲûΣգҲñʸ񡣡
⡭΢㶣һʱ侹Щǧ
ЩȻõ˳ɫĻ£ǶȥɫĻ¡


1134 Ƽ

Ϊɫ¶Ѿܾ˵ĳݣǿȡɫʧܣͻʧӣԣǸͲҳԡ
£ŮӾ¸ң·һҲ˵Ŀһ
أ
ǵȥʶһɫµĿģ
һҲ֪ǧ뷨ȴɾѾҪȥˣֻҪõɫӾţҩʦԵıҲģҪһҡ
ǧգգ۾
ȷʵġȻҪһҡͨİ֧𰡣ֲкЩ˶Ըȥɫ£ԭⱨҲһ⡣
֪ˣлǧ䴽ǳǳһЦ
ʱ򣬰˲ǧָָ
˵Ů˵ĳɫºαġ
ҲǰŮ˹ҲͶʮ£ᾹȻҲӵгɫ£ʵڷ˼žαİɡ
㲻αģŮҲ̫˰ɣȻȥɫ£Ҫ֪ɫȫ½ûʮöŮǷ˰ɡ
ǧûʲôо
۷ΣеɫŨأ·ɽ֮ˮ˵ѡ
Щˣ̫ˡǧ֣ӷεģʾҪ
ܵļȶȺ⣬Ҳûôˣ˫ɵĮͷ·ڿһȺһ
ǽεŵС඼ֹͣˡ
˳ÿ˭Ȼˣͷ·ҪƵģЩľս
ǲ˵ˣεɫŻ࣬ͼȺ֮лվżˣȻǸղڳŵطĭˡ
ֹڶ԰˵ʲôƸղŵЩԣǴǿ˵ģǲֵĽ
ۣеɫŨ޾̶
ʱĭӦ̧һӾͺͷεĿˡ
ĭ򴽽ǣΪصؿԼģҧŴǣҲŷΣ紺ˮż֮ɫ
ȴʲôûһֻ˫䣬Դؿһۣ·ھǱ˵
ĭӴĿŵûһ̾˵ˡ
˼ۣܿ콫Ŀ˻ȥٴνĿ䵽ǧϣĿˮ͸ŵº͵ζ
ǧղű鲻ԣȻĿͶ˹ȥƼĭվһ࣬ǵ˫ڹµµתͣͷƺ;⣬һ֪ղŰǵ֮Ǵġ
ģ̌°ͣеɫۼһˮ˷ǳ
ĭ΢㶣ٴαһ
ǧָ⣬ĭҾðɣȻƼҼһһлԴЩò˵Ҳ˼һʡõʱµӡ󲻺ãƼҲߵġ
ĭԭڿ־嵱Уһǧ˵۾毺õҲһŭɫǧҲ˵ʲôӦעе㣬ܽһΪв𣿡
ǧʼ磬ɫȫûĭƼȻ˵ʲôղǱ߶߶ģ̸ÿǻϲ
ĭһһӱ˹
ûЩȷͰ˵ģԼ˵ʵ
Ҳûȡóɫ£еֻһöɫ£ЩӾǲμҩԣ˭룬ǧǵõɫ£ͼȥɫ¡
ôԡǧֲʲôҩҵģƾʲôӵгɫ£
ƣöɫ¾ǼٵģΪ˻Ūļٻ£
뵽˴ĭ¸ҵֱǧ˫ûЩ˵ģѾõ˳ɫ£ʵЩˣҪôöǼٵģҪô츳ĺܾˡ
ĭüһתɾ֪㲢ҩҵˣСûбڹҩ֪ʶǶҲڳ֮žѵģ㣬ȡóɫ𣿡
վĭƼĸŮҲһϷؿǧ
Ҳȫǧõɫ£ûֻαİɡ
һֺӣǧʧЦһȴҲûǷƾ汾µõöɫµģ˵ʵı䡣
˵֮䣬ǵ˼Ҳƫˡ
ٴζǧָָ
ǰŮ󲻹ʮ£ӵгɫ£Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ǵĵҩȻαƷǴӺڰŪİɣ
˵ڰᣬǻһɫҲòҰײҰס
ȻڰѾͣ꣬ڰĿѾӳ˰ļ䣬ʱĨȥ
οڰ֮һ㣬


1135 Ը⵱濼

ǻ᳤ˣʣµЩϣʲôģȻʤ
찡Ů˲ͺڰṴ˰ɣԣŻӵһЩ߽׵ҩȻ½ʲôطŪô߽׵ҩ
ŮЩҩٵǵĳҲ̫˰ɡ
ੲݣ־䶼ǧǡ
ĭûϵЧã𴽰꣬˫Ҳ͸żƵζ
ƼĸŮǶַǧҲ䴽һЦǵͳŪ
ǧȻЩੲݵİգɫȴûκα仯ͷ·Щѿ޹һ
ָ㲻ͣŪЩҲΪΡ
ԭΪǧƾ汾µģ˵ͣҲͽı뷨Ѳɣɫαģ
㿴⡭ָָЩգֹ
ǧĿɨ
ֻټµƣԲʲôͨˣҲͶ˼˿䱸ɫ
һȴûп˵
΢䣬ĿҲɨ
һɨǸӾ֣˵ŮƷǷӸǾΪˣֻһۣ˲ΣԲͨˡ
Ǵ㶵ģǧһЦȴɵĮ֪˵Щʲô޷ǾǹҵĻ¾ǲαġ
ᵽˣǱӲͷƤ˵һ䣬ǹʲôҪ͵𣿡
ǧųƮƮûʲôҪ͵İ
һ˽һ㶡
һ飬ŷӶҪãֻƮƮ˵һ仰ȫûһҪ͵ӣʵڽЩֲס
ǽǧһʱ֪˵Щʲô
Ҳһ㶣ȫ䡣
ĭæǿͱ˵ǧ²ͣǱǳαɫµʵα£ͼЩ֪·ĵҩն˵ö֮
ü˵÷߿쳣
Ҳܿ챻ǳ
ĭָ⣬Цǳ
ǧܾܾǧָ
ҲǼҵģûʲô¾ռΣǻá
ĭ̧°ͣǵ⡣
ǧеĵ⣬ֻúЦ֣̾һ㽫ĿջأҲȥˣҰѻ˵꣬𣿡
䣬ЦЩΣڵȴһɫһʱ˿̽塣
ĭһҲ뿴ҪˣʲôϷ
ͬҲͣ۰Ͱͳǧš
˵Ŀ£ǧڣһϯ²ȾǦȥΪʶأ˵ĲֻͣǲͷϽͶѣһǷǶԴûʵ
һ˻Ȼ
ʵ
ʲô˼
Ѳɣǰչʵ
Ͳ﷭
˼ǣһʱҲò⣬һ䡣
ǧ䣬ֶ˼֮ɫҵ˼ǣɫ¿ԵʱӦǿΧ۵İɣ
ȻǿΧ۵ġһǶһۣһԤУȴǾûޱȡ
ӦòɡȻǣǾȥҩʦῴεõɫµĺˡǧһ䣬Цŷǳô鲻ɣ
ȻɴĺһŮҲ̫˰ɡһһƮƮӣȥһȫûɫ·
Ҫ֪ɫ¿Ǻǳߵġ
ǵõܵ˾һΪѿÿ궼кܶ࿼ܹȴûмһ
£Ů˾Ȼûɫ·Уߣ
ǿǧۣ漴һĨŭɫû·ͬһ㣬㻹˼Ϊǰʧˣǻܴġ
ҼȻѾͲġǧվڸߴ˫ᶨûܹһ˿һ
סˣµİҲס
ϲᶨӣͺʢؼõɫʣУ޷԰Ρ
νüᡣ
ǧμüŪģƤĽ
δһ΢Ĵӣ
ǧˣǵЦݸǲ˼֣ǳգգ۾˫ҲΪ鶯˼֡
ĭ˫ͷŭɫÿҪǧ뵽ղǧ˵ûץŴߵǧ˵Ҫǰԣ
ǧܿ㽫Ŀ䵽ĭϣǰô𣿡
ĭüдżֲ⣬ɫ¿ɲʲôèԻõģ㻹ҪǰԣͲ¿Բӣ



1136 ǵĹ᲻

ǧںʼ磬˭˵һˣ
ɷһڱصõģ
ĭţͺ޲˺ƯҧҧֵȻôţǶȥ˹ۿҲûʲôĶ԰ɣ
Ȼǧƿ촽
ĭһתҪƼĸŮһͬȥ
ǧȻ֪˭ȥüʲôû˵
վһ࣬ɫĮͷȴƼЩĺܡ
ףЩᰡϲСӣȫǲˬɫ
ǧЦ͵ϹлĲӬˣᡣ
ϲһæǵ˵ͷ
ûãĭ˵һ䣬ҿɫڱصãòֱӰӹ˰ɣûлûƾ֤ҲǿģֱӹصӵĽҲǰ׻ˣǿĽ
ɰûõɫ£ֱӽӹ˱ǡǧʼ磬һںӡ
ǧѾϹĭһЦõ⣬Ǿô˵ˣʱɱ𷴻ڰ
ƼĸŮҲϲּǧùȻ˷ǳǾϲǧù
ǧǿһۣģȴһĨ⻮ҿûҪڣΪҿ϶ܵõɫ£÷ڡ
һǺͰǶסˡ
죡
ŮҲ̫˰ɣȻֺڡȻ˵϶ܵõ£ԽҲ̫ǿ˰ɡһǧţӺֻƺڴϣֻܽӹص
һʱҲǧӡ󲻺ˡ
ǱŮʲ̸Ҳǲף¾Ȼ²ʵʵĺڣҲ˼֡
ЩǲҪ˵źãɫ¼ѿȡ˵Ͼܿϵģһ
ǧûеıһ𴽽ǣлţͷ·Ѿȡɫ¡
ǲһ
ԭͣİǣٴָָ
ĭǰٴι𴽰꣬Цõ֣ǧֺڣҿ㵽ʱҪճ
ƼĸŮָ⣬һϷӡ
ƿ뵽ǧƹҩƷʻӣƼϵĶҪĺá
ˣǧĵõɫ°ɡƿŴ꣬һʱҲòˣǧ˫ɬ
Բõɫ£ҩ΢һЩѣôõɫ£
Ҫ˵ɫ£ҲƼлõˣ붼Ҫˡ뵽˴ƿеĵǱҲȥ˼֣ʣµıǶǧӺͱġ
ǧûǷֱӿ˵ʱ磬ǿЩȥ԰ɣǰ·
䣬ǧǡ
΢ȴֺܿǰͷΪ·
ǧκͷϲֵ֣ЦߣһͬȥμǸʲôҩʦԣʱȡɫԺҲֺֺǡ
˵˲䴫˰ǶУԺٴʢ˱ɫ
ɫֺֺǣ˵óĭͬҲһıģʱˣɨأӹص
ûã׻ǵҩʦ㵽ˣÿһҩʦᶼΪʥ࣬ɫʥİɫͷڷŵҲúƳɣӳӨ󷢹⣬ÿǳ
ϲֶֻһɫףͷֻװ׵ģȥƯ
ǧһۣЦϲ׸Ūֻ档
ϲһЦ貣ðʱ򱦱ҪֻôôͷլſڣÿնҪȥ
ǧЦķЦУֻҪϲﶼС
ϲһ˫΢΢һҲһϸ졣
ҩʦᵽˡǰͷЩӺͣ½Ų
ʱҩʦĴųţв˽Щ˿ûͨͨˣЩǸոŵҩʦǾŰɫ£Ҳܵ𾴡
ԣΣҩʦǼΪţƵְҵܵȼΣֻҪ̤Ǹżܿһء
ǧǰҩʦᣬǲ˼֣ҩʦᣬɷǳ
ǿǰҩʦᣬü֮Ҳ¶һĨԽУ̧°ͣѽǵҩʦᣬôоɣ
ǧĿʢЦ⣬ҩʦͦͷֻӦкƳɵİɡ
ǳһۣŵͷûֻȷúƳɣʵع⻬ȥһ⣬ǹլ֮



1137 

ǧһ䣬լ֮Ǻܲ
ֽ°̧ߣԽҲŨ˼֡
ǧǿһۣڵһڽɫҲһ
ɫͳɫ¿Զߣɫ¿ڶߣǴȥɡûеļڽһ˵һ䡣
䣬µؿǧ·ڵȴʲôϷ
ǧûе£˵Ǿǰ·ɡ
æǰ·ˡ
ǧκͷϲ֣
ԭվһҲȥǾҪȥϷģ˭ǧ̫Դˣ˶뿴Цù
ĭƼĸŮģǸڰǵȫֻֻҪǼˣǼӾҪȹСǼҲᶪӡ
ʱټӵϣֱ˵ǺͺڰһģЩҩҲǴӺڰŪģЩ޴տ϶š
ʱǧͱ˺Ķˡ
뵽˴ĭ˫һȫǵԹ֮ɫ
ûãǾͽǧ˶ߵĿȫҪɫµˣЩǳڴģЩֻƽͷնѡ
Ѿȡ˳ɫ£ǲƽͷգȻҲǸһˣ˭ҿǰ
ˡָָǰ¶Բ̨ɿ˵һ䡣
ǧŤͷһǰλһ޴¶Բ̨Բ̨ǰλþȻŰɫ۵ߡ
Щ߲ͬ죬ؿλþȻһöɫ£ӵɫ¾˵ЩϣǼӦǼ࿼ʦɣ
ǧ˼ۣͼһɷǵӣ񾼾ȡ
˼ۣͽĿ˻ֳΧ˿Բ̨֮¾Ȼۼ˺ЩͣЩʹ඼ǰգżмǴˣİɡ
ɫµ˺ö࣬Ҳǳࡣǧŷε°ڣ˵һ䡣
εܣһƿ͵ùǣֻҪõɫ¾ͳˡ
ǧһͷɫǾˣЩ̫ˡ
ǳһЦȴ
ǧ΢£䣬һԲ̨֮ȥԲ̨֮ϰڷӣģϽ԰ڷͬҩݣÿһҩݶдеģһ֪Ǹողժġ
ҩʦܲۿüĵطǹƽģҩƷʶһ͵ÿҩʦǵҩˡ
ǧԲ̨ȥǸģޱȡ
κͷϲ־վԲ̨֮£
ĭǺһɰҲվԲ̨֮£ǽÿϷĿ⿴ǧ۵һĨ񶾵䡣
ϣǧҰճʱͺܺˡǧ·˿ӰһԲ̨ȥ˽⵽ˣҩʦƸ߼ҩĻ񵤡
ֻҩʦɵĵҩΪǰƳһţҲаλҩϵİ²Ƴɹġ
ЩҲûôƹĻ񵤣ΪⵤҩʵãҪҲֻõ᳡ȥԣΪ˱鷳ҾͲˡ
񣬿Ļ񵤣ҲöҩĹ˲ûС
ģ̌°ͣŵЦΪÿ˼֣Űµһ
ȴһģ
ȻĻ񵤣ǿǼΪƵĵҩƽҲûôȴڿƣҲ̫ˡ
ɫ¿ԵʱҲûôѰյĿԾôˣ
һɻԺԲ̨ϵļ࿼ʦǿڵһɻΪҩʦĻ񵤡
һǰֻյֵҩɽΪƫƫҪĻ񵤣ǿǼƵĵҩ
ⵤҩôѣǴѡ𣿡
̫ˡҩʦǴĵİɣ
Բ̨ϵļ࿼ʦڰ֣ʾ⿼԰ꡣ
Ȼߣڼ࿼ʦǵǣİ˫֮ȫǲʡ
ʱ࿼ʦٴοڵεɫ¿Էͬ죬ΪͷˣҪĻ񵤲ܽʹһΣλһᣬֻҪƳĻ񵤣ͻõ׻ʹ͵챦ϵҫ
һǻȻ
û뵽εɫ¿ԣҲֽˣֻҪƳĻ񵤾ܵõʹͣϵҫɫΪĲҫ
ҫУҲУȫ



1138 Ʒ

˼Ƭ̣ǲ˼֣ϵıԹҲûˣ뷨Ļ񵤡
ⵤҩѣǻ뽫ĻƳҫǶҪ
򴽽ǣȫĶ־˳
ǧ࿼ʦĻԺ󣬴һķ·׺Ϊɫʡ
ʹͺҫ
ʵءʱǴȥҲᱻ˲żҲֻҪĻƳô˵Ǻġ
ǧߵǰŪϵҩݣɷһڱصõӡ
ʱ࿼ʦһ˦䣬ڣҩʽʼʱΪʱֻҪƳĻ񵤲ʲôƷʶܵõµʹͣϵҫ
һǸˡ
ǱһƳĻˣȼƷʲǿǺã
£࿼ʦǾȻ˵ȼƷʣǾ˵ֻҪƳĻ񵤾ͳˣ˵ֱǸ
ǹ𴽰꣬һЦõǳһƳĻ񵤵ģһʱվԲ̨֮µĭӶԲˡ
ȻҪʲôĻ񵤣Ҳ̫˰ɡƼҵճŮ츳ˣѾΪƼҼɶĻ񵤻һϲͨġ
ƹΣɶʧܶյģĻ񵤳ڿԵУĻ϶Ʋ
ʱ򲻽ᱻ̭ᶪƼ˵档
ĭҧҧɫøΪѿ˼֡
ƿҲһɫǵĻҲƲĻ񵤵ġĻôƣȻǸ߽ҩʦƵó߽ҩʦҲǵÿʱ˺͵ģһУǱƲ
ԣ˵ģһǧȻòɫµġ
ĻҩҲֻЩͼģĻķҩƵó
뵽˴ƼҵյЦ
ǹ־͹ǼãƫһٹЩʱտܾͲʲôĻˡҲֻܹˡ
˼ҷɵʱвٿѾȨˣʵƲĻ񵤣ǶѾҩˣɾǱեˣһζʣ
ûеҩǲԼЦֻȨ
ûһԲ̨ϾֻʣʮˣʮкЩͷϾѾʢ˺ˮȫһˮǱģ
ֻǻûƳĻ񵤣ѾҪѶˡȣǧȴһС
㴦һҩݣһԶҩ뵤¯УħֽŵҩһеһжΪɢȫûĻ񵤷ϡ
һٶȡĭǡ
ǼƵģһǲĻ񵤵ӡĭƿ꣬еЦÿҪ
ǣôܻĻأƿ涢ǧһ󼵶ӿͷɫԵˣʱǾͽӸˣ˵ЩĻԺš
ˡĭָ⣬ʢԹ
ʱ򣬼࿼ʦҲſָָ
˵εĿ˻ὫĻƳ𣿡һų룬ɷ˵һ䡣
һüĿ˵ҿţѾкЩȨˣֻʮʮҲǱǳôܽĻ񵤸Ƴ
⵹ǲһϣһֱĬߺڵƣϵӣַ࣬ҲǼΪ죬˸Ͳһ
һĿͶ˹ȥ
ͼ䴦һӣӳõǿ㣬ϴһϮɫüַ࣬죬ͷ·Ѿƹһֻֻɹʧܵļơ
̾ͱλӸסˣļƣӦƳĻ񵤵ġ
˵ҩԺ󣬱ܾȻʹλˡ˵ҲǲЩĳȻӵɫ£ȴƲĻ񵤣ڴţǶβ˷ϣڿҵˡ
о仰ǰ
ǱҲǱԵ̬ȣǺɹˡֻҪӽҩƳͷλоˡ
ɷǵߣź룬һ䣬λ˭Ϊλı£
ӦĳˣȻҲҩַҲᴩŽ»
üĿ΢˼ſڵλӺ½ҵλСͱЩѵñųˡ



1139 츳

΢Ĭٴƿ꣬½ǽƼҵҩңλ½С˵һмǿҩ츳гˣ㽫ڼһǰűų˵һųͿȡ˰ɫͳɫĻ£񣬾ȻȡɫˣĽ
ҲǰЩڵĵ˵ģ֪ˣ෬֮̽󣬱֪½λŵСӡ
С½˿ûѪ֪ƼλСȣһȽأ
Ĭߴϸϸš
һɷǵߣź룬ٴοڵԭλ½ҲŵСүǽ½ʲôţ
üĿû˵ΪҲ֪
У½硣Ĭ߷ϵıףûñƼǸ֣ƿ˵һ䡣
ԶԶԣ½硣ɷǵһĴȣЦе˵һ䣬˵ǰЩҩʦ˼ĺ䶯ʱûܼⳡ滹ź
Ĭߵһ֮ھͿ˰ɫͳɫ£ȻעĿ
üĿŸ̾һ䣬ǳǰ˰˵ܲƳĻأ
Ĭ߲
ɷ΢΢˼Ƭ̣ǿ˵ַӦڼĻ񵤣Ȼ죬ټÿһ趼˾׼˿ûκƫƵ¯ʱû˿ƫСһŵ޵ҩζĻ񵤿Ҫˡ
ǼߵۣλһٴγĬ
ãüĿ߲ǿ˵ȻϣҾλ½СƳĻ񵤵ġǿôͣȴһСЩİ
һ˱һ䣬һγĬˡ
ǰǶƲĵҩȴǱһСƳˣôܸء£ιλҪֻϣλ½ܽĻ񵤸Ƴ
λ߶½ڴһ˲˲½ţڴڼ䣬кЩȨˡ
һӣԲ̨֮Ͼʣ½ǧˡ
½࣬ͷ·ڶԴһϡ䱦һݲһ˿
ǧͱȽˣȫģƵ¯ʱҲһеģȫûĻ񵤷С
λһֱڿ½磬ûע⵽ǧǱߵ
ĭǱǧģֱ½˹ȥ
ĭƣĿһֱ½ԭ֪˭ģǵ֪½ҳصüõСү
Ǹ½ҿƼҲͷֻסõطͬҲûʲôͻ£СүһΣС
λСүʵ̫ˣĻ񵤵ַȻ죬أƲֵҩЩʱգҲղǵҩľ衣
˵츳½
뵽˴ĭƣҲŤ
Ȼ½磬ôԡôҲƼҵļôܲһŶһֱŵ½أ
ʵ벻ͨҧгݵģٴŤ˼֡
ƼĸŮͬҲŤɫһֱΪԼ츳ƼϵҲٮٮˣ¾Ǳһ½ĸȥ
ȻҲҩҵģɸƼұֱ֮𣬿ɾϵཫȫȥˡ
ܽܰף½ܽĻƳ𣿡ƿᳶ°ڣԴǵʳ
ȻϣҲֻӲͷƤַΪ죬ȻƹˣֻܽĻ񵤸Ƴ
ƿһŤȻƳĻ񵤡ôᣬôƳĻ񵤣
ҧǺ츳йذɡɲ˵Ůڴ֮ͥ
ƿҧҧؽĿͶ𴦡
ĭҲ߷ǳϣ½ܹƳĻ񵤡
ʱһ󵭵ҩζͻȻƮɢ˳ĭȻɴ˫̳ζƮɢĵطȥͼҩζȻǴ½ǰĵ¯ɢġ
¯֮ƮɢЩһ𣬾γŵζЩζԤʾŵҩҪƳɹˡ
ʱλԵø˷ܡ
Ҿ֪λ½Сӱ˵ãıƳĻ񵤡ɷǵߣź룬Ц
λͬЦݣȻƳĻ񵤣ʵڰˡ
ԺĳɾͣȻͬ찡ɷǵٴγ̾һ䡣



1140 ܰҿҩ

Ļһ䣬½ѾˣʱһɸΪŨҵҩζڿƯżˬĸо
½翴ǰĵ¯һЦõ֡
½ұصúúõСӣŸһžͱӵȻ߰˭ڳһţƺ顣
ô˭ô
½̧°ͣһ۸ڶģʱҲˣ㽫¯ڵĻȡ˳
¯УһĻǣǿŵҩֳɫԲǳܿϧöĻֻǵͽ׵ģƷҲֻʮϡ
ɣôܽĻƳʵѵãҲ˵ˣֻҪܽҩܵȼΣƷΣõµļνҫ
Ц⣬ǿ½磬½СӣЩƵĻ񵤸ơ
½̧°ͣߵλǰ
棬ǿɡ½罫ҩϣûþͰڳһʩı顣
߾һ㶣û뵽½СӾȻӵġţûòӡ߿һۣΪСԲûкƽʲôֻϵĵҩϸϸ
öҩȻȼƷʶߣɫǹ⻬ӨѵõļƷ˵ùͷλһӾͺãֻҪԺͻתʱžȫˡ
ɷߣź룬ЦȻǽɽ˲ų½С㵱ƳĻ񵤡
λҲǵͷΪ
½̧°ͣǵЩһβָͣˣҸһֱҩı죬ټҵ츳ͲƳĻҲǳ顣
һҲǫ飬һĿ˵ӡ
һŽеŭѹ£ȥСƽϡ
½ǲ֨űˣҸ˵ȻҩʦۼźЩҩϣǶȻһССĻ񵤶ƲգǳĿ⣬ǲǾΪƲڿ֮һƳİ
һ̲½翴ȥһŭתɽȴֱڲȥ
һֱĬߺڵȻСӦò꣬Щ߰Ը㽫·谭
½˫նŤˣЩûõĳϾҶ˵̣ĸҲҺ˵
½һԸΣƳĻ񵤾ƳˣƳЩνĳҲ
ȫŭɫǽ½磬ȴûô˵
½ˣˣ˵ЩʲôһŮ
Ǹ˵ܲܰҼһƳĵҩ
ŮȴһĨԺӵζ
Ժ̳Դȥ½Ҳ˹ȥ
ʲôмһƵĵҩŮҲƳĻ
ɸղŲ˶ȨŮĪǸղһֱԲ̨ϣ
ܿ죬Ǳ㿴һŰµŮվǲԶĵطŮᣬøǣʹǾվҲʮ㣬˲ݺӡ
ǣ߲һ䡣
ǧǧ𣬲ǽԵĿѾƳ˵ҩܰҿ𣿡
һλ𾪷ǳ
ղŻʮ½磬ЩԺҲȵԭء
Ů˾ȻƳĻ񵤣
ɡ½´ǧһʱ侹ͦÿģˣҲƲŮʲô֮
˵ѾƳ˵ҩһҩ˰ɡ
뵽˴½ƵؿǧۣҲż˿ζλѾƳĻ𣿡
ǰǧ°̧ߣȫû½С
½һ㶣ǧ˵Ц˵ɱˣĻ񵤿ǼƵĵҩֲʲôҩҵӵܣôƵĳ²ں˵˵ɣ
ǧ½翴һۣüһ˵ûк˵ֻҪλϿȫ֪ˡ
½һ˫ֻأһϾӡ
Բ̨֮µİպƼЩ˱ը˹
ĭƣԲ̨ϵǧҧѹǧôԲ̨֮ϣҸղŻΪѾȨˡ
ղĿһֱ½ϣһʱ侹Ȼûע⵽ǧΪѾȨˣ˭Բ̨ϣ˵Ƴ˵ҩ汻Ƴ˰ɡ


1141 ѾƳ˰~

ĭҧҧĿżŭ⡣
ƿһۣҲһĨŭɫڶǰҲΪǧѾȨˣ˭֪Ȼڣ˵ʲôƳ˵ҩֻʵڹŪ飬Ƕ
ǣĳġĭһ
Բ̨֮µǧüҲûʲô顣
һвɶ޹أѾҩƳˣЩڲɵһô۾ˡ
뵽˴ǧ䴽һЦеЦƺ˼֡
Բ̨֮£κͷϲһֱڶǧ
ϲֳ˳ε°ڣЦ׺ĻǺƵĵҩŶȻƳˡ
εʹ˵ҩ츳ȷǿ
ϲظϵЦݸŨ˼֣ôԱҲô
ο֮ϺֳһĨǳЦݡ
ϲֽԲ̨ϣĿһֱ׷ǧ
ʱǧѾ¯ڴˡ
򿪸ӵһ˲䣬һĨŨҩζƮɢżˬĸоһ˲ԭء
찡
ҩȻô㣬ֻҪһ£ϵƣ۾ȫʧˣ͸ɵһλ߲һæǼؿڵǧЩƵĵҩơ
ǧŽ¯еĻȡ
ɫĵҩӨ󷢹⣬ɫ͸Ϻҹһżֹ½ƵĵҩмĲͬ
ǰöҩͬɼҵı½Ƶĵҩ͸Ƶģ߽ҩִ𣬲̾
죬һǵһμԲ⻬ɫޣ滹Ⱦһĵҩɷ߽ǰĵҩмְֵζ
ӵĵҩǽƼҵƣҲδƵóټȫ½ҩʦҲѡ
õ֪ɷʶǧȥһۣͼŮǳ󲻹ʮ°ɣɾȻƳ˶޷ɼƷֱ˷˼
ңղʵ̫˺ĴڣˣǽҩƳˣȻôãԺӡ
Ҳ㶵ؿǰĵҩһöĵҩϸһƣǾöҩĵȼҲͣƷʸǳǵԤϡ
нףƷʾʮϡĬȻվ֮ϵĲ붣죬ȴǲܲˣǰĵҩȻнףƷʾʮϵĻ񵤣Ⱳӵһμ
˵ǰˣǰĺҲ̫˰ɣǶš
üĿͬҲһ𾪵ؿǰĵҩн׵ģƷʾʮϡ
ԭſǧĺϷǶ˵ˣȻɴ˫Ҳȫǲš
ô¡Ů˾ȻƳĻ񵤣
ҵȼȻôߣƷҲôãܵߵһº
߿϶ǲٵģѲɣŮƵĵҩáѸٳǧȥǱ뿴ǧЦģЦûǱˡ
²ǾˣĭҲԭء
ŮƳĻҲͰˣǵҩĵȼƷʾȻã߶Ѿˡ
ĭҧһһĨԹ֮ɫŮôƳĻ񵤣ҶƲĶôƳҵȼƷʾȻá
ˣʲôҩҳȴЩҩҵ츳Ҫã츳˼ʣ
Ǽʵ츳ۺ죬ȴ׶֣Ƕֻ֣ôĶ֪
һ룬ĭҧгݣɫΪѿ˼֡
ĭҧԲ̨ϵǧ
ƿҲһĲʺͷŭ˾ȻƳĻ񵤣Чãʵڿɶ
ĸŮҧгݣ޲ýǧŪ
ⱻƳĻ񵤣Ҫõɫ£Ҳùˣ
뵽˴ƼĸŮ˫¶Ϊ׺ı飬Ҳżɱ
վİռˣŵõһһʱɫҲŲ԰ĸŮҲ̫˰ɣղŻͦãôͻȻһҪɱ˵ӣʲôӰɣ
ſˮŲһŲٴԶĸŮ
ƿƺӦϵıŤ˼֣Щյʲô˼Զǣ
ǵʲô˼ôǣ𣿡ƿ鱾ͲãڸǴ󵨵˳
ӲƮΪĸŮв͸ƵģʱǿɾͲˡ



1142 ý~

ûûʲô˼ǾԲ̨һЩþ͸һЩ
ûĸŮҲ̫˰ɣʲôߣ˵ʲô
ǰȫ֪˵ʲô
ƿ󣬲˼֣ҧݣƺżֻתƻ⣬ЩǱĻԶѣ˵ǶǾΪʲô
ƿ棬ֱŤͷȥ
ƿõԲ˫Щ˵ʲô˼ҧҧ뷢ȴǱһס˸첲棬ôˣɱʲôֵҲǴӵܣᱻ˿ȥЦġ
ƿеŭҲɢȥ˼֣ҧҧžŹȺգǾ׵ģұ㲻Щռƽˡ
ϵɫΪŨ˼֡
Ǽƽϣ
ȫŮ˳Ϲϵ͸Ƶģֱ¡
ʱԲ̨֮Ļ񵤲š
վһ½꣬иһŭ֮ɫĻ񵤵ǿɱ˰
½ûôע⵽öҩȴŵöҩζŨģˬԾɲһǾȻƳĵҩ
ܽȥôԣ
½츳Сү˸Ū˲󱦱˶ʮʱŽЩҩ˳
ͨҩǸ߼ҩƣȻȼߣ㹻Ϊ½Ĵˡ
£ͻȻһǣǾȻƳҪõĻ񵤣ټŮ˼Ϊᣬһ򽾰ôܰأ
ƣĿȴһֱϣƺҪһ𸴡
ߣź룬˺ðǿ˵ǲûпʣöĵ񵤵ĵȷн׵ģƷҲھʮϣһöԵüļõҩ½СǾÿţϸƱ֪ˡ
½ʶǰĻ񵤿ȥͼöĻɫЩ͸Ө󣬺һŹҹ顣
ȼн׵ģƷҲȷھʮϣûпʵĳɷ֣˵̫ʵˣöҩɼ֮һ۱޷ƿĿ⡣
ʵǼõġ½ȻԸϣȴǱˣҧҧ֪˵ЩʲôҲȫǲ֮ɫ
ôʶǧһۣͼǣһϮذ£ȴϵ֮ͷ·վڶˣƵġ
ָ֮½ҧҧܿ㽫Ŀ˻ȥԾЩġ
ǧ֪ʲô˼ۡ
½ӴĿ⣬ΪҫŭڣҲЩˣʲôƳҩˣ𣿡
ǧüһŭȴûʲôо;ôЩ޴ŤͷʲôҲû˵
½ǧԼӶԲˡ
뷢ȴ뵽߻ڴ˴ֻϢˣеŭɫȴԾûнȥ
ǧһЦЩڽŤͷ߿ȥʵλϿʲôûʲô⣬ǲܵõɫˣ
һ̻ˣֹܵõɫ£ܵõ׻µĿ޺ҫЩɶģǱλŮӸõˡ
һ̾˺ðǿڵǧƵĻǼõģȻܵõɫˡһǧܷǽʱ򣬱ҪҲ᷽һЩ
ǧգգ۾оûʲôɾʹӦˡ
ֻһöҩѣʱõµĽҪ̫㰡
߼Ӧˣ𴽽Цˡ
ǧĿ΢⣬ƿ촽ֵһһҪ󡣡
΢㶣ʲôҪ󣿡
ǧüɵģͬһģҪһͬǰȥȻҲ롣
䣬ǧָԲ̨µķκͷϲˡ
ϲһԽȥϱһĨЦ⣬Ų÷ǳ͸һ
εһ𾪣ӳڻʹУʦʱסڻʹеͤŲʹеʢͿˣȥʲôʹľ
߱Ϊʲô¶һ֪ǼС£ͷϸһĨЦ⣬ȻǿԵģʹô󣬶ȥҲ޷
һһ˵ţ½ҧһɫҲüΪѿ
ղƳĻ񵤵ʱЩҲ˵˺û񣬸õĵҩ֣ǾȻԼһߡ
ֱܴ裡
½вʣڵʲô˼ƵĵҩƵľͲĻҾͲȥʹˣ



1143 

ע⵽½Ĵڡ
һüΪǸ½磬½СȻƳĻ񵤣ǣƳĵҩȴûǧĺãһεıҪѡһǿģҲѾҵˡ
½֪Щ˵Լã˸õԺҲ׼ȥʹˡ
һ὾ԸܵЩɴ˫ƽ˼ɫұȲҲ˵ɫ¶òˣ
ֵˣȻƵĵҩǧģվƳĻ񵤣Ȼܵõɫˣ㲻ż
½һ˼֡
Ͳϡɫ£ϡܵõʹ͵ıϵҫ
ʱΪȫ½ΪҩʦҲӰͽΪء
£ͻȻһҧеļƻˣôܲޣ
½ҧ֪ߣֻǧһûУҼҲʲôҩҵˣ󲻹ʮ£ȻƳĻ񵤣㲻˰ɣ
䣬üһһҪǧѵӡ
ףǧһ䣬ֻЩЦ
Բ̨µķϲĹģֻСƵģ˾ȻףҲ̫˰ɡ
֪ǧ϶ɻ⣬ϲδ֮ɫ΢ۣ˵лİ취ǲصġ
ϲ𴽽ǣЦЩƤǵװ϶ܽеĶµƿԣֻڸп޴ѡ
Դ
ͷϵȶȣϲֵ˫Цһϸ죬Ǳӵù
ο۵ֶ˼֮ɫ
ϲҧСָͷһ˲˲Բ̨ϷһС
ʱ½ŭĿԣȻöĻ񵤵ȷǺܺãҲų׵ĿܣһģȻҩʱ򽫵ҩ֪ȡܵõԼҪģʵǼõġ
뵽˴½ҧҧŤ
һҪŮ׵Ϊ𴩣
ʶǧһֽۣĿͶ½ϣ鲻
ǧָ⣬ЩЦؿ½һۣ½ҹӣ˵ЩҿɾͲͬˡĻ񵤱ѵãһǵȼƷʶõģʣ˴½˻Ƴõĵҩ˵䲻ģƼҲƳɡ
һöͽ׵Ļ񵤣һ뵽ԼʵѲǵǸԼҲûҪҴˣ¶һЩҲްӲãЩˣųɴϣ
ǱסˣҲ磬ʵЩġ
½类ʵҧԣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧƣ˵Ҫףָ˭ҪĻ񵤣һôõģοҲûʲô֪һ⡣
һ½ɫףΪʵҲĻ
һʱ䣬Щ
ǧ۾˵һлǽλкˡ
˵ô໰ǧһӾͽⶪˡ
ϸϸȻǧ˵еңǧͣҲ½Ļ
һ֪֮ԣЧõĵҩУҲ½һСõ
ټǵĿʱģһСôǰ֪
˵֮ʵ̫ˡ
½Ťͷλϲţϣܰ˵˵ûԸЩϸǧĻȻ԰
½СӣöĻѵã׾ܵõģ⿼Ҳʱǧı£Ҳ̽ɣ
߿½磬ͬ˵š
½˫Ť޲õ˦ˡ
Ȩ֮£ûˣϾǴĹӣֵӵ飬ЩǴͷҲǶˡ
Ȼˡ
½һԭزˣˣᣬֲʲôҩҵˣƳĻ񵤣ʵЩܡ
˵ԼɻԾɲǧƳĵҩ
ͬʱĭҲǵͷɳĵǰһʮµŮӣҩҳƵĳĻ񵤣ʲôа֮ɣ
һҲЩаţŮʵ̫ˣƳõĵҩʲôаɣ



1144 ԰

ǧһֻ÷ЦƿаǺЦˣ츳ãͲҵ츳Խˣ
½ĭǽԭء
츳츳ֶģ˾ǼҲòǧ⻰ô˿ϡ
ǲ˵ǧ۾˵ңѹң޷ǾǾ츳ˣʰˡ
ǵɫһһףҲƮ
ȷ˵ǧ׵ʱкܴĳɷڼʣЩ֮ǧܾǧǵȻġ
£ֻǲУǸòʵʵ֤ƾһ֤ʲô
˼ǧĻأ
ǧЦһֵңҲɫµģ˭ҪأΪܾ쿪ţҲֻɫ£ҲʱģţǿǼλˡ
䣬ǧָ䴦ǼˣǼǸղӡ
ǼǧָЩ顣
ڸտʼǾ϶ǧֻ˵廨ͷ
£ûг󣬷Ƴ˼ƵĻ񵤣ҩƷʶ˵Ԥϡ
ˣһöɫ¶ˣſֱǽɫˡһ룬ֻͷЩζ
˵ǧĻԺ󣬲ǿȥ
Ż˫Ƭ̲˵ȷˣǵʱҪţϧûƾ֤ټ߽׵ҩģǾȡɫ£Ӳҵ
Ҳ˵Եʱģ۾ʡ
ǵͷǵġ
˽⵽Ժ߰ڰ֣ʾȥɡ
Ǽˣ̧뿪ɵ뿪ʱɲǧһۣһۣżָӵ
ǧǵĿ⣬ۣɫȴû䡣
˼ۣǧ㽫Ŀ˻ӣ½ҹӲ˰ɣ
½˫һһ׵ģҲۼżŭ⣬ͺ޲ýǧ˺һɰڳϲԣûֱӱˡ
㵱ȻƳ㲻ĵҩ½ҧӲͷƤ˵һ䡣
ǧüǳǳģƻżּڽЦ⣬ɰɣֻҪŬƣȻƵó
½ϵɫǱֱ䣬СͿʼֵҩɶʮʱҲֻѪƤëѣƵȼнϵĿ϶Ʋ
ȴ˵ֻҪŬƾƳЦɣ
ʮ˲ֻƳͽ׵ġŽʮ˴ʡⲻ裬Цֻʲôأ
½ֺݺݵǧۡ
ǧװûɫƽĺܡ
½ᣬȴֲô㣬õĺܡ
ҧгݣĿ¶׹⡣
ˣǧˣ½һۣɫƽұͦõģһҾ͵ýˡ
½ؿģͺ޲ýǧ˺ˣŮĺĺλϻʲô𣿡ǧŤͷɫ𾴵ؿǡ
΢㶣Ц
ԭΪƳõĵҩˣҲ۸ڶԸ˷еˣ£ȻǣرòһӾø
ϲǧҲºǸòĹҲûʲôˣһһһɡ
ǧ˫һɣھ͸ȥ˵˵
䣬ǧȹھҪԲ̨
½ˣ˫ŤŮ˾ȻܽˣûʹƾʲôŮȵóˣֱǿɶ
ŤͷݺݵؿǧüۣаԹŨطǳ
ǧԣҲԲˣ½翴˰죬ʵ½С㿴ңʲôָ𣿡
½Ӳһ£֪ΪΣܸܵǧɢż
һ˫һʱͲ˵ˡ
ǧüһĿһֱ½½ҹӵк££Ҿͺһͬˡ
½ϵŭɫŨŮ˷԰ڡȴп˵ֻܺ޺޵ҧҲ̫磬½ҵĵճӣŭңպҶҪÿ
ǧת뿪ⷬԺ󣬱ͣ½Ųи˸Ũҵĺ⣬½СҺÿ
½̧°ͣû



1145 ǧ

ǧ䴽һЦҵţθҺÿ
½ᣬһš
Ůˡģ
ǧûٹ½磬ֱԲ̨ȥҷˡ
ʤϲ𴽽ǣЦø仨һףǸʲô½ıµ˵ˡ
ǧ𴽽ǣЦȻ챿ɡ
ϲּЦţԵòޱȣףȤ
ǧ̾һ䣬Щ˾ϲսսζսһΨˣŲҶ˵˸һʲôأ
ϲҧָ⣬Ϊҡҡͷʲô
ǧҺ顣
ϲһһת֣Ҳ˷ܵĽһֱǵ˵ӡ
ԣǼ
ֻ֪ȡֶѣȴӲҪͰֻʲôأ
ǧЦͷʵһҪȥһͬ𣿡
ȥ𣿡ϲСԴʡ
ǧƿ꣬οһۣЦȻҪһͬȥģȻҲȤ
ϲЦֱ֣Ҳȥ뿴׻ǵĻʹεġ
һԺǧһͿ˹
ߣź룬ȴڼεʱһ¡
ˡǰɫ״վ¿˫ѩɽϵĺ÷ұȴ͸ż˿͵Į˫͸޾ͺ䣬ľѡ
ӣΪˣȴĮľ
գʵˣֻһˡǱȸ½ĴʦһֱסͤдӲţƽҲһֱлͣǳڰ׻Уʵ˾Щ˼顣
߽ŷΣƺҪΪȷһЩ
ƺӦǿһۣɫĮĺܡ
΢٣֮ǿ˵ʣȸ½Ĵʦ𣿡
ٴγǿһۡ
ǧԺҲǿ˹ȥҷĺô󣬾ǰ׻½Ҳ֪š
ǡη䣬
󣬲⽫˼֣Ȼȸ½Ĵʦȸ½ĴʦξΪˣһƣˡߣź벻̾
΢΢ף㲻
߼βԣҲٿ˵ˣֻǸںʹͳˡ
ǧκͷϲ̧űߣ½翴ԺòᣬҧгݣͷȴЩ𺳵ġ
ղǺӾȻȸ½ĴʦΡŴ˵ãȫ½ɶõţصĽص˾ȻŮֻ࣬ʲôϵأ
½粻ϲ²⣬ȴʼղ²һȻȻһֱվڷǸСкθһģ̳ġ
Ѳɣһڡ뵽˴½ɫǱֱ䡣
ȸ½Ĵʦ鵭Į鰮ɣӶˡǴ󣬻Ů˱¼ã
½ʵ벻ͨҲøŤ
ͬŤģĭǡ
һ뵽ԼƼˣȴֲǧֱںݺݴǵĭƼҼȴݺݱȥôܸģ
˸˼ȴ޿κΣ˭ǵ츳ǧ֮½䣬ҲƵԼиϣýȥ飬ǧĶ츳ȲҲù
½ݺţϴżɷ֮
ʱǧ߽˻ʹ
ʹеһԻʹżְ֮
ǧǵǼģûбֳκ֮ɫһƽͷ·λʹһ
ǵȷܶλʹˣǷһֱסڻʹУͼֲˡ
߼Ҳ֪ǽʹͶЩˣҲ֤󣬽˲Ρ
߿ǵĿҲΪף˵λ±Ӧ鷿֮С
ܵԴ֮𾴣Ҳδϣǧֺø䴽ǣȴɵĮĺܡ
ãλΪǰ·
һͷĺøҲǱ
ǰж½磬ھжϲǧò߰СȻϲĽ츳
ûãǱ鷿⡣
鷿ظڣȴһø̫ܹȥн֮ɫڵʲôˡ



1146 Щѵҩó

߶½Ų
̫ܹ˫Ҳһͷ·ץסʲôһ㣬λϿˣѾѰĻ񵤣ء
ǵȷѰĻ񵤡ߣź룬ϲ֮ɫεɫ¿ʵ˲űǧƳĻ֮ˡ
̫ܹʶǧһֻۣǧĺܣ󲻹ʮ°ɣȻƳĻ񵤣ʵǷ˼
̫ܹ˼ۺȴЩףһ䣬ϣŮʵ̫ᣬƳĻ񵤣թɣ
ôᣬȻƳ˸߼ĵҩŵģ
ʻԺɫһ䣬СǧһۣȷûԺ󣬾ѹѵ⡣
úԣᣬ츳ˣƳĻ񵤵ȼߴнףƷҲھʮϣҩʦ˵ǵֻ¹ǵġ
ߵı࣬ڿЦ
ܹ̫ҲոһſˮɫҰס
ѲɣŮ
ƳĻ񵤣
ܲƣŮû֮ԣȻ군
ͷţ˺һƽλԵȣӼȥͨһ
Щȥɡ߰ڰ֡
ܹ̫බŸŽ뵽鷿Уûһ߳ǿЩȥ
ܿ죬˱뵽鷿С
鷿Ҳǵĺܣ׻ʵ鷿ȥһˣ˫˼֣Ҳһݵģ
˽ĶȻͨˣλҲûʵ⡣
˵˭أ
ǧ治˼ţȴûб¶
ͬʱʵҲϸϸǧǡ
˵ŮӽĻ񵤸ƳģҵȼƷʶǳĸߣ˾̾ѣҲ߾̾ѡ
һŮӹȻƳˣλ¾Ȼȫûһ㵨֮ɫңϵƸǾˣ䣬͸һߵ֮ɫ˲С
׻ʵһݣŽĿ˻˵㽫ĻƳģЧãҲ츳ܺá
ǧףǳˡ
׻ʵ۲ǫ֮ԣżĻȡЩĻó޿
ǧ󣬺ܿ㽫Ļȡ˳
һöɫĵҩ˲ڻʵǰöҩϵ͸ƺһ˿һ۱ϲ
׻ʵſˮָŽҩִ𣬡úúáöҩǼõģǳǰˣҩǾˡ
ǧδ˵ЩʲôЦЦ
׻ʵۼ˲δ˵ЩʲôִĻ񵤿Ķأܵǧ
ǧذָ⣬ȴڲͣתڹ۲鷿һУ鷿ȻȴֳƵĺܣ˼ۺЩȤˡ
ĿջأŤͷοȥ
䴽ͷĿˮ͵ĺܡ
ţĻٲǿ˵ʣҼƣһ͸ɼ֮ƵģĻϲ׻ʵ۲ϿޣĿճڵҩ²ˡ
ǧ׻ʵۿһۣ΢Ļ񵤵ȷβĹЧʱҪҽεǺˣ
׻ʵ۳ǧһۣȴûŭɫƿ꣬޵ĸ󡣡
ǧֻЦЦûоö㾪ȡ
ûʵĵģԼĸⲢ˾ȡ
Ҳ̫أҪûþȡ
׻ʵۻ̫̫࣬ཫҩ̫תͷǧöҩκ޵ĸޱصʹ㡣
ǧ˸л¡
׻ʵһľԼĸ󣬲δע⵽վһԵķΡ
ʱ̫֮ȥֻأҲմȾһĨϲɫ£̫ˣղѹˣЩ¾ƣ˯ˡ
׻ʵ˫˼֣ҲմȾϲɫ棿
浱档̫ڵϣūĸƭ㰡
׻ʵԺϵЦݸ˼֣ƿ꣬ãáǧκ̫ĲҪʹ㣡
ǧϵϲװģɼǸТӡ
һ䣬δ˵Щʲô
׻ʵһ˦ѾԸȥ׼ֽƱǹԣʹ͵Щкܶġ
ǧοһۣϹһĨЦ



1147 ǲ

δһϮұˣʸǳڡ
׻ʵϲ֣һƼվһԵķΣһ٣ӵɴͷ͸żֲš
ӡµĴʦΰɡʦ׻ʵɴ𾪵УǴʦΣ
΢΢䣬ɫɵĮȴĵΪ欣Ϊˡ
ǡ
׻ʵ۸Ϊ˼֣ȸ½Ĵʦ˫ȥȸ½Ļʹȴδʦһ棬һ澪Ϊˡ
ҲϲţһֱͤСαɫ
ЩǡýΪΰ׻ʵȴһ档
ŴʦϲҲͤ͸ɾһ㣬Σ׻ʵ۲£ǲһ䡣
ϾʱͤЩҩݣҩ̲˲ΪɡεȻڣһȻɡ
׻ʵ۲ʲôףڴ˿ܼʦΣֻ˷ޱȡ
Ƭ̣һŹµĹǰ׻ʵһ֣㴹׽룬һһԴŹ֮ɫ
뵽鷿У££̫ˡ
׻ʵ۳һۣ̫ˣ˯ˣˣ
ǵģ¡ɴף̫˵ҪκõĹˡ
׻ʵתͷǧƺѯ̫㡣
ܵõ̫ټŮҡǧ΢΢뽫κͷϲҲȥģɹȴ˵ֻ̫
ϾǱ˵ĵֿ̣Ҳǲãǧֻǰ̫޹
ħһЩ˲ģͲ¡
̫޹̱㵽
޹֮ɺǳͷȼѬ㣬ѬЩĹЧһ˲޹оͳ㣬ˣˬ
̫£һ˿λϣﻹһˮģ̌ܿ촹Ŀ⣬ᴵɢеĲҶ
ǧ̫һۣ΢΢Ůμ̫
̧̫ǳڲϣϴżֲ԰֮ɫȴأлָƣɡ
ǧ󣬱㲻ӵվ
̫һֱڹ۲ͼȺǲһģֻ̫ˡ֮˾ƳĻ񵤣ʵڽ˷˼Ҫ֪ҩʦЩϵҩ϶ƲĻ
񣬾ǱһСѾͷƳܾЩš
ֻ̫ɵĿһֱڴǧţƳĻ񵤣κõģ
·ֻҪ˵һѻͻᱻ
ǧüŮ
˲̫Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ɫɫˣηģķеģǧ㲻ηĵŮӣǵһμ
̫ۣҲǧ˼ͣڵɻȴԾûˣϾĻ񵤲ͨҩһʮҵŮƣҵȼƷʻãʵڽš
Ӵ̫еɻǧıδ䣬ܸ̫ܵɻѣûκεĶ⡣
ԣɲɫģ档
̫Ƽۺ󣬱㽫Ŀ˻ǧﲢҩҵˣȴд˵츳˴۽磬ǧβһöҩðҼʶһɺã
⻰˵úǧȴƷе˼
̫ǣȴֲõ˵ֻػصƵҩƳˣܽǴƲƭǵÿͷġ
ǧϲûŮ˻ž֮ɫ֪̫ʲôҩ
Ļ񵤰ɡ̫ڰ֣״Ʋ˵һ䣬ū˵öĻϲһκεʱδʵźĽǧﲻҩƳðҼʶһ
ǧ΢䣬ЦȻ̫ҪģŮȻȫΪ
̫һ䴽ЦһЦҲữе̱֮ô˼֡
ǧԾɲҴ⣬̫ͬƹ
̫֮ùȡҩݺ͵¯ҲڰʾǧҪԼĵ¯Ҫ׼ġ
ϾԼ׼ĵҩҩݸֽŰ
ǧ鲻䣬ʲô¯˭ҵĲҩֻҪƾƵĳ
һٴҩݡ
Ķܿ죬̫㿴ҲֻܿһӰַҲ˴Ϊ̾
̫Щ̾
ŮӲ򵥣ֻöĻƳġûһǧͽƺõĻ񵤶뵤¯Уħ棬ৡһɫڵϸߣżȵϢ



1148 ԭ

̫ľٶо̾ѡ
ŮӾȻǻϵħʦħ䣬ѰĻϵħҪ֣
̫еĻ棬еΪ𺳡
һ޹оʹһҩζ̫ŵζԺ˲ŷ⣬ģǷʲôöһ
ǧеĹâΪŨ˼֡
ûв´Ļ޹֮ԻҩζðǱǧѾҩƳˣȻδֻ̣Ҫҩܿܳ¯ˡ
̫Σдżڴ֮ɫ
ŮܽĻƳĽ̫һ˲˲ضǧǰеȫɢתϵһĨڴжҩʦľ⡣
ǧۿʱˣĻʼ̵¯һ˲֮䣬޹ڵҩζŨ˼֣Ҳ̫
ζҲˬ
̫֣ͷͼˡ
ûãǧͽħߣȻѾҩ̺ˡ
汻ߵʱһҩζƮǼ⡣
̫᲻صظϵĻָͷȴڵļ϶¶˳ֱţȥЩ
ǧŪǰС¯˵̫ĻѾƺãҪ𣿡
̫ٶȽеļȥҳɡ
ǧ¯򿪣һ˲ŵٴ޹ٽĻȡһöɫƺĵҩ
ǲƵģһֱ˵Ʋͣöҩĵȼн׵ģƷҲھʮϣҩʦƵģ޲ͬ
ǧҩһԵĹ
𽫵ҩϣСת̫
̫ЩͲסöҩȫǰʱزλվ
ɫģĵҩֵҩδȴǼˣҩ̶һ顣
ִҩŴɢҩζˣ̾ˬƣ۸ȫ
ǧҲûгֻǾվһ࣬ϵܼټƳõĵҩ޹еĹҲηЩ
Ҳ֪˶ã̫㽫ҩ£ǧöĻ񵤵Ǽõģ츳Ȼ˾̾
ǧ䴽һЦһʱǳǳȴںڵЩ䣬˿ʲô̫ˣŮϲƵҩƵҩϻʱܶࡣ
֮ΪϲԲƳôõĵҩ
ǫ飬̫Ҳû˵ЩʲôִĻ񵤣һֵģ
ǧɾվţԡ
ûһһǰ棬̫ǰ
̫󽫵ҩ£Ƥ΢̧
ǧҲλǺˣ֮оȻһ룿
˿̣ѾŽλҲ˽
ǧº棬Ҳ˹ȥ
ͼνһϮۣӽ׵ͬѩһȥʱֻʥޱȡ
˸£Цһ棬毺ãҷϤ˾˾Ȼ˾ǰڰ̤ѧԺٻʱȴʼռ˾Ӱʱ;Щ֣Ҳų˾ѧԺ
˾Ȼ˰׻ʹ⵽ɺأΪ
ǧ´˾ڴżӣǡע⵽ĴͷʱúǧĿײһ
ǱͻȻץǧ΢΢һ㶣ûþͻָ˹
˾ҲССƲ֪ǧɫζһ£𾪷ǳ
ǧڰύֵʱ򣬱Աڰ᳤ͬھˣǧȻѲǴ
˾һ˲˲ǧƺƵġ
ǧ󷽷ţȻûʲô
˾˼ۣ㽫ĿջأȻ΢΢˸μ̫
̫ڰ֣˾ʱд˼Ц⣬Щ𣬵ʱ취ҵĲסˣʹðܹŵĻ㹦û
񲻸Ҿӹ˾̧üºͣҹ£ҽߵı֣ǲӦġ
̫еЦ˼֣ϲˣ˺»ӹһǫѷģһ¾˺øб
̫۾ղ˾ǧʱ򣬱ЩԣҾ֣ǧʶ
˾ǧһۣʶǧҲһͬѧԺѧϰ˵Ҳǧǰ



1149 ̽

˾ǰû뵽㡣ǧһЦȴǵģƺûвֵϲá
˾ȴûзһЦĭ磬ů쳣
ԭǻ֪Ե̫֡ЦţִϵĻ񵤣ΰҵĻǧƳģǧҩ츳˵ãǸ
˾΢΢һ㶣ǲ֪ǧҩһ㣬ܿͻָ˳ɫЦ紺һů
нףƷʾʮϡ˾΢΢пǼõĵҩ
ȷǼõġ̫󰮲֣Ҵδõĵҩ
Ҳδ˾ڣڴһĨ𾪣ȥȻǳ
ǧ˼ۣüͷ
ǰɹ˾ڰĻ᳤ϲɫҲ˾࣬ټ˾ʱѧԺУʱϺǺϡ
Ҳû˾ϢûУټҲ²ڰṫᶨȻ˺أܵط
ɾǰãөȡ˺򣬲ȫأһڰ᳤ƿ϶ãʱ˾ͻȻ֣̫ɺˣ
£˾ı̫ȻЩ𾪸װġѵˣ
ǧ򴽰꣬һĨ
˾Ṵˮǰ΢΢ǳĻ񵤣ӻҪٵһ̫ܷڰѰ
ַ̫ϣˡ
˾һЦɲǴůǲҡ
ִ̫ΪûãͽɿĻ񵤵Чȷܺã̫ԺӺֻ࣬ҪԼӵָܻ
̫ųʣ棿
Ȼġ˾ס
̫ԺеĹʸ˭ҪһӣʹλȨ֮ˡ
̫òΪ㿪һӵķӡ˾˵ţܿӹıīֽ⡣
ִëʣд£д֮㽫ӽ
ûһ̫һǷƺЩˡ
˾ˣæǿ˵̫Ӳ˲ˣȻȥЪϢ
̫ڰ֣ЩƣҵȷЩˣȥɡ
ǧǡ
̫ڹĲ»뿪ûعͷǧǧƵĵҩʵʵۻӦеʹ͵ġ
ǧٴθл̫󡣡
̫ͷջĿת뿪
̫뿪ǧ΢䣬Ҳ뿪޹һߵ㱻˾סˡ
Щ⣬˾ǰʲô£
˾üᣬ۲ҲζţɫµȪÿǳҶδѵΪôҪˣ
ǧ½Ų˫ĺڲ֪ЩʲôȷǺЩδˡ˰ɡ
˵꣬˾˼ۣĿЩɣ΢ҲƺЩʲôȴʲôûֱʳڡ
ǧ۾֪Щʲôȴּװ֪ʵȷˣǰڰ˴ѧԺѧԺԵֵҼʱϵѹһЩɵʱǰ񲢲ѧԺڣǳ𣿡
˾ָ⣬Ļ䴽ЦĨЦΪֽͬοīЩʣȴּΪÿ
ǵģҵʱȷ֪ѧԺᷢ¶˾ü˵һ䣬֪ҶϻأԲúڰ˺ѧԺ֮˰֡
ǧһЦȴ
˾Ŀǧϻ֮ҲżֵɻǰѧԺ˾޴ˣö˵ǴսԱڰ᳤һͬʧˡ
ǧ𴽽Ц㶼˵˵ˣЩ˵Ļģһֱúõİ
ԭˡ˾΢Ŀĺڣһ˿Ĺâԭ˵ĻԺұüΪϧ֪ҥּ㰲ãұˡ
ǧҾлǰġ
˾Ц󣬡ȻͬѧԺǱһˣһȻҪػġ
ǧһЦ˭һˣ
ȴûбֳһƿ꣬лǰĹģҾȻȥˣɲûʵ۱µȼˡ
˾ЩȻصͷҲԣƳĻ񵤣ȻҪνģȷǲñµȼˣ
ǧüʲô
˾Ц󣬡ҲҪȥȻͨ·ͬУ



1150 кˣ

ǧһۣü۵˿Ȼǰ˵ˣǱͬаɣҲ˳·
˾һĨЦͬ£
ǧȴû˼ȹڣǰͷ
֪Ϊʲô˾ô򵥣ǲҪ̫ĺá
˾ıӰ¶һĨ˿Ĺ⡣
ûãǧ鷿У˾
κܿ콫Ŀ䵽ǧϣûһע⵽ںͷ˾ɫ۾ȴɵĮĺܡ
Ǹܵ˷εĿ⣬˾Ƿεʱһ𾪣ûһָƽֻһĨЦ
ͬ£Һÿ
μ¡˾΢΢
׻ʵۼ˾Ҳ˼Ц⣬ԭЩɣ㣬ĸĲҲõƣŵĻ
˾ҡҡͷ̫Ｊ࣬ҲԾѡ
׻ʵۼǫ飬еĺøи˼֣ǫѷ˵ˣǳˡ
˾ЦЦҲҶ˵Щʲôˡ
Ȼ׻ʵ΢٣ܿ㽫ĿͶǧϣǧҲǺܴǧҲô͵õĻ񵤣գ޶Ҫúʹһ
ǧ˾ͬʱл񣬡л¡
׻ʵ۰ڰ֣ʾǲҪˡ
ǧ֧ӣܿߵ˷վá
˾ֳο˼ۣ
סǧļ˫ƽȴһĨӺ΢ģƺм
˾Ϊͷ·ʲôûһ
ǧһʱҲ˵Щʲô
˿̣׻Ѿⶨʹ͵ʥּһ֮ǧ˫һʱҲ˾ˡ
ʵǰ׻ʵʹ͵Ķ̫ˣһЩ챦һЩõƷҩݣҩֶռȻкܶ࣬ǲӶˡ
ˣ
ǧϴЦ˶ϲġ
˾ʶǧһʱȻע⵽߾վһСкСкͷμֱһģ̳ģЩλҲǧΪơ
ǡ
ǧͷεĺӣ
ǾȻкˣ
˾ۣһʱֻޱȡ
ϸϸ֮ȴ־ͦģεȷǧػ֮˺ûʲôԡ
˾һЦ˫ˮ
ǧɵس˾һۣȴ֪ΪηЦ
˾ܿ˵Ŀˡ
ǧüͷ壬ûһ㽫Ŀ˻ȥ
˾ڿǧͬʱҲϸϸŷΣҲ֪ΪΣĺڵͻȻһĨӵЩ
иӦʶһۣ㲻ٿˡ
˾ָ⣬Цζ
ϲּˣ˷ελЦͦºͣͦÿӦǸˡ
£Ц죬ĵ͸һĨ־ֻ£ûб濴ȥɡ
СӱУǿ˻ҲΪͨ͸
Դʾ㺦¡
ϲɶڷ󣬲̽
˾ûһɽĿͶǧϣƺֻ
ǧĿЩ֣뵽ʹѾõʱ뿪طˣ£ŮҴµ徲һ뿪ˡ
׻ʵ۲ͷǧʹʦż뿪ѾΪǰϯ޵ĸҲ뵱лǡ
ǧüѾ̫𣿻Ҫл
򴽣ȴֲò˻ʵ۵ӣʼǰ׻ʵ۵ĵ̣Ҫڳпӣǲܵˣ鷳ġ
ǧЦЦתͷΡ
η䣬á
׻ʵЦó죬Ҳһͬɡ
˾ǧǿһۣ漴䴽һЦǲҡ
ҪϲſʼǧǱŵһ乬У貱ˡ
ǧð̵Ѽ¯ɫЩԶջɺϵĽҾȻ̫󹬵˾
ĦϵĲ豭µ˼˾ڸ̫Ʋ飬Ѿܳһʱˡ
ǰǧһǵ˼ȷЩʱˡ
өǽڲõģҲ˵ڰ᳤ҲǽڲźģΪ̫Ʋ飬˵Ūˣ
ǧʹǳұΪ˾ͺڰ᳤йأڣֺ޹ˣңЩֲװġ
ڰ᳤йأȻ֪Լţڿʱ¶𾪵ӣһʮֵȻ


1151 ˵ǻ

Ҳųװ
װôƭĿ
һˮȴ˵
ǧ²⣬ȴʼЩ벻ͨΣ˾Ƿͺڰ᳤йأ
ĺڵ˫䣬ϵȷʲôǡϵϢҺܲǰһ
ǧ΢ǰҲ˾ϵϢ
Ϊˣϲءһ֣ʲôϢأǧһ䡣
δƺϸϸţûһ㿪˵ɵϢ
ǧ˫΢΢һС
ζ˵ˣѲʲôаɣ
Īаɣǧƿ촽ʶ˵һ䡣
Ŀǰδ֪ҡҡͷѼ¯Ʈĵ÷εĺԶ˼֣պӦ֪ġ
Ըˡǧۣ
ϲּ˵Ǹ̫õ壬˵һ䣬ףŵȷЩ̫ãرЦʱܾЩĻ죬Ҳ֪ڴʲô⣬ǿɵõЩ
ǧϲֿһۣ㲻ã
ϲֱ죬Ȼˣֱ϶ûġ
ǧһ䣬ЦЩζСӵ˼ҲΪͨ͸һЩ˵˲̫ãǾĲá
ԣ˾ӦЩԾ
ǧϵĲյЩ԰ɣǶעһЩ
εƼ䣬ĵոΪʺÿһ۱ϲ
ǧ͸ǲ˼֣һ˲Ҳÿ׼һ£ȥˡ
εĿƽˮ
ϲȴ˷ܣϲģкööʳ
׻ʵ԰ġ
԰аٻţֻζĿټϴľͷ㣬ζһ𣬸
Ҫǣ¶ȽˬϾʱܿϵԲ£ʵڱһ顣
ǧǹȥʱ򣬾кЩǱߵȺˣǳ͢سкЩŹ͹ӣмС
ȥʱһ㶣ʵЩ벻ͨˡ
ƼҵǼڣǧѩȻҲСһѣ׻ʵôЩԩҶˣ
ǧָ⣬ͷֹ
ϲҲܿע⵽ǣǱ˱⣬ףôЩڣ˲ûʳ
Ҳ֪ǧ۾һǺƤŻʵμİɡ
ϲ󣬼ΪܣȷǺƤֱġ
ܿ죬ĭҲע⵽Ǳߵǧˣɫһ䣬ҲżԹ޺ͼʡ
û뵽ȻƳĻ񵤣̫Ĳκˡĭҧ˵һ䣬˷ͷ˵ʵۻʹЩΪϯ
ƿͬģšü˵
ȷĺܡǧѩüۺǧҵʱǸѣ뾹ѧ˶ھȻҩˡ
˵ЩʱҲģȫǼʡ
ǼˣڻǸ߸ϵʥŮڻΪѪѪ
ǧѩԹޣ޲ýǼ˸ɱˡ
ĭеԹޣǰ˵ʲôˣȻѧһЩ
ǧѩߣҲˣҲǧĸƷĻ𣿶ƼҵĵճŮƼҼ㶼ƵĵҩȻǧȥ͸ģͲἵʣ
ĭƣ˵
Լɹ죬ǧѩһĻϲǰǳǧҶѡ
ĭ˫࣬˵һ仰
ǧѩ˵úܶԣǾǧĸƷ
Ҫǧ̫κˣʵôϯصشǽμأ
뵽˴ĭһ󲻸ģǲܽˣǧټǵݣʵ۲Żص롣
˭ǰĭһգҲΣǧ˷ͷʵҲĿ࿴ףੲݵģ˵ǻɣϲ۾һֱţ߻ੲݡ
϶˵ǻ
䣬ϲ˫ֲرķ߿
ǧǿһۣĵ˵ɣҲֻ˵˵ˡ
ϲŴ͵Ц
ҲǰҲֻ˵˵ˡִ򲻹ҲȲֻ͵͵ϳܣǿĽ
ϲС죬ϲ˼ɫȷʵĽǾ˵ȥɣҲٿġ



1152 츳ûҺ

ǧһͷִ򲻹ңȴֱ÷ӣͦȤ
Ȥϲ˷ܡ
ĭǲ֪ԼѾΪ˵Цϣǻ˵ǧĲǣԽ˵ԽǲʣҲΪѻ𼸷֡
ʱ򡭡׻ʵ̫ܹܵĲ»ۣһ֮ŵĽҲ·һ㣬Ҫڿշ
ĭҲ˵ǧĻæǸ˸ӭӰ׻ʵ۵ĵ
ӭ¡
˵š
׻ʵ¸ˣ˵Щʲôһ
̫ݵ
ã̫ڹǵĲ»ǳҩԵʣ̫ɫȫǴ󲡳ӣŷ⿵
׻ʵۼˣ˫ҲżЦ⣬ĸǴˣ
˵ҩټĵҩⲡκˡ̫Ħϵķ飬ȫЦ⡣
ԴԺδЦ˿κãͨһ㿵ˡ
׻ʵҲڸˣϵôҲڲˣûһ㷢ֵϻźЩˣڰ֣ɡ
л£
ȫǹ֮ɫδڵʱ䳤˶Թ֮顣
ʱ򣬰׻ʵۺ̫Ѿˣ˼ˣҲ
Ƕˣ׻ʵ۲ϵİƱһΣǧƵĻ񵤾޵ĸھһ
㵽֣ǧƱվȴһȻӣϲˣŮӦġ
䣬ǧ㽫ˮһ
ʱжڴǧͷҲŮӾǺˣȻƳĻ񵤣ܵõµļνʵڲС
ѲɣƼҵˣ
ҲֻƼңƳ㸴Ҹ߼ĵҩɣ
ŮƼ˰ɣֻƼ˲Ƴֵҩɣ
ӦƼҵģҿû˵Եʲôҩҡ
Ǹ½ҲһֱƼ࿹βҲƳĻ𣿡
ᣬҪֵġ
׻ʵۼǲ²ⲻͣȴҲûгֹһϷģ
ʱǻڲ²ⲻͣ
˵½λƳĻ񵤲룬ȼŵͽףƷʾ͸ˣλƵȣֱһһ¡
Ҳ˵ˣλƳĻн׵ģƷھʮϡ
һ˻Ȼ
н׵ģƷʾȻھʮϡǱ̬
ЩнǧƺҪϿʲôͬǻ濴˲ͬ;ŮӳƯǳϲףԵҲһģ˲ҿᡣ
ǹ۲ǧʱ򣬺һоһû½ǧҲ˵ǧƼҸûаֹϵ
һ㶣ٴλȻ
ǰ
ʵۻΪǧƼˣӦûƹŶԣԣƼҵˣǧˡ
ɴ½ϣǧҩ
˼ȴʼ벻һȻ̿ˮͻȻһͷԺ
ѵŮֻһûмѰգ
ҲһѰգƳԵļ޷ƳĵҩҵȼƷʾȻãֱǴ۾
ŮӾȻƼˣǸͨˡõ츳У
ǰ˶˵Ƽҩ츳ãƼճŮ츳ǾˣҴδճŮƳĻ񵤣Ƽ˵츳Ҳˡ
ңճŮڻƼ츳ȻŮӵİ㶼磬츳Ҳܵʵڽ⡣
ੲݣЩҲܿ촫ĭĶ
˫ձŤҲǳ
ǾȻ˵Լ츳á˵Լ䵱䲻䵱˵
ĭҧгݣǧԹҲ˼֣ǧȴֲܽΣֻ㿴š
ʱ˵ͣ
඼˵Ƽ֮츳еĻ⡣
ĭԽԽͷѻ𣬡Ҫ˵˵ܱܲڱߴߴģ
ͷһƼҼȻҲˣǸղŵ˵Щˣ
ͷһһ뵽պ϶ƼҹҩǴ˿̾˺Ƥˣ˵϶бġ
ǺǺһЦæǱһƼˣǸղŲδ˵㣬ֻ˵ǧƳĻ񵤣Ȼ츳ɡ
ĭһ
ֵƼǵ츳ܻһ롭
˻ĭģ𴽽ǣҵ츳ȻܼǸһᣬҶƳĻ񵤣


1153 ڴ

ĭһѾʼ˵ˣȫûǵԼƲĻ񵤣Ļ񵤵Ʒİĺܡ
ܵôֻ࣬ӣЩп
˵뵽ƼҼݣ˼֣գգ۾Щݵؿĭ
Ƽҵˣ츳ȻˣҲ֪ƳĻ񵤡
϶ǧҪðɡȼǸ߽ףƷʿ϶Ҳھʮϡ
߽׵ġҲ̫ˣһδ߽׵ĵҩأ˵ʲôĻˡ
ҲǣǽһҲźˡ
ǵĿ佱ĭĺܿ͵õ㣬̧°ͣһģȻҵ츳϶ǧã߽׵Ļ΢һ£ͳˡ
һǼǳ
ۣҲ̫˰ɣȻƳ߽׵Ļ񵤡
ƼչʾһɣǺʶһ¸߽׵Ļ񵤡
ǣչʾһ°ɡ
ĭͷһϵѪɫҲȥ˼֣ûʲôĻ񵤣ʱ϶ᱻЦġ
ĳɰĭƽ飬˵Щί񣬡ǹ磬ʲôĻ񵤣뿴Ժеǻᡣ
ʧĺܣɰĭҲ˵Щʲô
ƼĸŮվһ࣬˫
ƿһĭĻ𣿡
˽似Ҳˡ۾ۺݶڴѣʲôĻ񵤣һǸ߽׵ģأ
ƿ󣬲һЦҾ֪ôƳĻأԭڴ갡
ȻƳĭһۣͬһڽ츳Ҽҿĺãϴ赤ҩƲ
ƿ洽϶˼ֵ⣬ûϴ赤ҩԼоģĭͲᣡ
ԣȥNɪɣʱԱ𴩣ûʲôˡ۾ڴżԹ֮ɫ
ƿȻûպ˭ȥƼҩʱĭֹǶӣƼҵҲһǧɡ
ԣǲż㳯ƿҡҡͷʾҪˣˡ
ƿ˻󣬱Ҳˣˣرˡ
ʱ򡭡׻ʵۺ˵ʲôĻ񵤣ǸĭҲƣƳ߽׵ģһ¡
ڰ˵ʲô޼ϲãͲ˵һ׻ʵº棬ѯʡ
æ££˵Ļ񵤵ء
Ǻ£˵Ļ񵤣׻ʵ¡
ĭȻɴ۾Ľвá
Щ󳼶Ȼ˵ģʱʵĻ񵤿ôã
ĭƣһʱȹϵϣת
ƼĸŮӦ죬䴽һЦϻżֻ
ʱ뿪ڵ£ղƼ˵ҲĻ񵤣ҵȼƷʱǧĻҪá
һ׻ʵ۵˼֣ƼҼȻƳ߽׵Ļ񵤣治С
׻ʵ۰ͰͳĭʵƼ㵱ƳĻ񵤣
ʻˣĭһղԼģӲĸˣ¡ŮȷƳĻ񵤡
˵ʵֻӲͷƤߡ
׻ʵһЦøΪ˼֣Ƴ߽׵Ļ񵤣
ĭӲͷƤǡ
ǧĭ˼ֻۣһ۱֪˵Ϲ
Ļ񵤣
ƭˣ
ĻƣҲᱻ˫ˣֱһŸ߽׵ҩͺˣα
ףں߰ɣϲһ۾Ϳĭ죬ԴƳҩĸˡ
ǧʧЦԽԼҶӿɰĽ
ȷǺߵģǲᡣǧ˵ţȫûĭϡ
ɰ׻ƻʵ۲ͬĭƸ߽׵ҩ۾ֱˣټƼҼסж˼ֺ£˼
һ½һʳҪĶкܶ࣬Ҫľǿľӣûǿľӣһ½ҲѸ߽⣡
þӱøǿʱ˿ڻָıⵤҩ
ܽ£պҪҩҲͲûôȥˣʱʡµĽҾٴžǿʢ˥
׻ʵ۾һֺ̡
ĭ֪ЩʲôֻͷͣǰҲ麹ʱʱðͬˮ֮Уò


1154 

ƼȻƳ߽׵ĵҩ׻ʵĿޣͬ˶δ츳ǱʹģҲƳ߽׵ҩ
佱ĭ°΢΢̧ߣ˶߰˼֡
޻δ߽׵ҩ֪ƼܷΪչʾһ׻ʵĦžƱڵļͬⱻˮϻζš
ĭһŵõԲ˫
ƣ
Ǹǰʲô߽׵ҩЩǺߵģġ
񣬱¾ȻƵҩҪ
ĭȻǲԸģζ˵
ĭһֱ˵׻ʵɫ˱䣬мֲá
ǧеľƱµسĭ˼ۣ֪ԼУͲҪ˵ڿɺˣʵָƶƲСʱ۾ǻԴġ
ϸϸţʧЦһ
λһۣ»˫ĺڣζʱƻǧ羰һ˲㽫ſҲǧ
ǧ⣬Ṵ쿴ĭҪùˡ
βδȥƣֻǵ˵ܾʵֻۣҪ
ǧһҲЩ˵ûƼҼסȻܰڰףʵ۾ҲҵƼҵˣǸ˻ǼһպҪҩֻˡ
ĦžƱЦݰǸö
ƿ꣬ϵȻǺõģǲϣٺҲá
еǧ󣬲ͷ
Ṵǣȴû˵
ʱĭĸȶġ
ô찡
һƵҩͻᱩ¶ǲƣ᲻׻ʵۣ
ĭҧ˫һʱѵľء
׻ʵʵ̲סֿѯһ䣬Ƽ㻰أ㾿ʲôѴǲչʾҩ
ĭͷٴһһŵ̱ڵأһٶֱð׻ʵס
Ҫ֪ƼҵЩ˶Ǹ߰ģʵֱиˣūһ¹򰡣ƼμȻ¹ˣֱ𾪣
ǼˣҲָָ
Ƽҵ߰ÿ½ĻʵҲҪǼֱ棬ǿֻ¹򣬿ô¹ˣ
˭֪ѲƼҵ˸ˣ
ɡҼһֱڶںʲôɣ
ƼҵˣкµĶڲƭ£Ʋ߽׵ҩ
һĭӶøĲᣬȫᡭǣǱסˡŹڵصĭǧһĿ񣬡֪ͲҪˣڿɺãҿӦԡ
βΪвˡ
ǧ𴽰꣬ʵһĴ
ʱĭڵ£ŮƣǼйˣŮͷƵҩˣѧȥƼһڴ½㣿
׻ʵ۲˵ĭһתֵ˱µ£ŮʵڱǸҪɣŮԸƼǧҩף̫󲡳
һ˻Ȼ
Ҫ֪ƼҵĵҩǧģȻԸ׳ǧҩģ˴½ʳ˵Ǻġ
ʡһʽңڱĵط
׻ʵ۱Щģĭ˵˫Ƽ˵Ŀǵ棿
Ȼġĭվָֻܿյĸ߰Ůĸƭأ
ʵߣź룬ЦƼ濶ǧҩޱˣЩصλȥɡ
Σĭһ
飬ûе£ҲûǰˣǸղߴһ治ᷢʲô
صλϣĭúˣҲҶ˵仰
ɨˡǧϷɢ˱죬Ϊܿĭ۾³أ룬յǻˡ
ϲͬЩʧ
ƿ꣬˵ܿǳ棬Ҳͳȥǧҩ˵ҲǼΪܵġ
ǧĴ˼֣Ҳǣ˵۾ֶģԵ޹͵ǧҩҲеܵġ
ֱ޴ϲߺһȫǶĭĲִĽٱŪǧҩ
ĭ֪˵ЩʲôȻ϶ᱻġ
ʱ˿֮԰нһȹȻվڻ԰ֲŤӣ󣬳һ˦㣬԰һ˲γһ˵ζ
ˮߣ޹ǣŤ˵Ŀ⡣



1155 

󳼵ĿⶼѾ˹ȥ˵תн¶ԵĹâ
һԵķȴǲɽЩо͸ľͷûʲô
Ѿӵ˶йȥЩ
ξԲˣϾʱǧͷϲּвˣΪģȫˡ
һԵмˣ⾪ˣͲ³˷εݣ㲻׵ģȸ½Ĵʦֻ˭أ
˵ʦɣЩ˵飬һʵ۶Ҫ֣˭ʱʵ۶ȥ
ﾹȻŮ˺ͺӼвˣҲ̫˰ɡβʲôɾľΪǼвˣϲ⣡
ڶ˾ˣüĿԶ
֮ϣһֱƽ˾ģ˸ЩʱһڽˣǧǸ뿪ʱȴ׻ʵ۸סˡ
ǧ۾Ŷ½Ųʵ£ʲôԸ
׻ʵ۳Ե̫ܹ֡
̫ܹܻ⣬̴ͷС̫ǽ
ܿ죬С̫룬ﻹһҶҶ֮ϻһ첼첼ǵʵʵ˸Ʋдʲô
£ǣǧº棬һ䡣
׻ʵָ̫еҶʹ͸Ҷ
ǧգգ۾ǰҶȴʲôƲ֪ΪҪʹ͸ŮҶأ鷿еʱ򣬲Ѿʹͺ˶ˣ
׻ʵ۹һЦ˼ȥǾʹһҶ
ǧҲ䴽Ц֪£ⷽҶдʲô
׻ʵ۰ڰ֣̫ǻ̽ĺ첼ƿһ˲֮䣬ҶӳǧС
Щýдȥģʹ¹ҲɢŹâЩâǿң̾ͽڳ˵Ŀ˹ȥ
죬¾Ȼʹ͸һҶ
ⷽҶϵȲƳɣɼ¶λǧΪ͡
Ҳ֪ҶϻдʲôͻȻЩ档
˵ţ˵Ժ󣬱ΧȥȥɵǽĿͶҶϵʱ򣬲һҲԭء
찡ҶϵӦ˰ɡ
Ȼ¾Ȼ㿴λǧ
λǧﲻףײõ
ੲ˵ͣɵǿǧʱжҲ˼־η
ܱʵ㿴صˣǻƵҩ˾Բܵ
ʱǧҲҶϵ֣ǡ
Ҳõҩ̫ˣ⼸Ҳ̫˰ɡǧǽҶˣϾǻʵʹ͵ģֻ»ǻʵ۲ˣҶҲͦá
ڳп꣬ǽҶһȥĻԻܶǰ򣬱ϾǿҶǻʵʵģʵ۶˵õģȻҲúܺá
ʱǵ϶
ǧһϲҲ˼֣л£ŮһὫҶúġ
׻ʵЦϲá
ҶԺģ̌뿪
һߣĭҲղסƢֱţʵ۾Ȼʹ͸Ҷʲô𣿡
˵ûͦǳ˷ŭ
ʱһֻġ
ĭһ̱סˣ˭
ҡǧѩߵĭԣƿ촽ƼٶĲǲӦ˵ģ»ʵۻδԶǱʵ˵ֻ»᲻̫á
ĭüͷ᲻̫ã
ǧѩɫż䣬ҶϵǱдģ˵ɱµĲǣ
ĭ˼֣˵ƼҼϾǰ׻ʳҲҶΣټǹһˣʱôĶ֪
̱죬Ҳżֻ֮ɫ׻ʵûע⵽ԼһеĻҲȥ˲١
лѣȻҿɵˡĭµؿڡ
޷ҼҲͬųѵġǧѩüĿת˫ҲҲл
ĭһһ䣬Ƕ˼ϲǧͿɶ˲ˬҲǺģƫһֱԣʵĵĺܡ
˭˵ءǧѩĿԶ
˵һӣ̧߳š
ʱǧͻصլС
ͷҹˮȴܰǳ
ǧϲǿҶģóֿҶ治սУٰǰ
ҲͬĵͷǸķӣȷٰա
ǧ𴽰꣬һ뵽ܴ׬һƱ˶˲١


1156 ̫

ա
ǧȥӵ·ϣܾƤЩʲôҪ
ôˣδʶһ䡣
ǧԼ۾ҵƤһֱܸоʲôҪҲ֪ᷢʲô
󣬲˼ۣü֮ҲżЦ⣬ƤҾ֪Ҳֶ
ǧһ˺üۣаҲǾÿʲôҪ
ٴЦǿЩȥ֪ˡ
ǧЦŵ˵ͷ
ǵִӵʱ򣬾Χһ˽ġ
ӣôᱻŪģˣ
ƼһڶӣͷֵǮĶȫˣӾʣһտӡ
ӾҪˣ£ʧذ
ǲ˵ţǵȻᣬȴǱǧȥ˴룬ǧŤͷͷԼӺͰǵһ¡
ˣͷĶȫûˣһʱյģ͸Ƶġ
ˣǧ۾ƽ˼ɫ˵Ϊƽ޹ʻƤԭˡ
²һ
ǧĿٴһģżֺɷ˵𾢣֪˵ˣ
ǼǧˣӲһæ첻Ҷԡ
˵ݿɴأһȺСϰյĸͲҶԣһ˵˻ǿҪ۵ġ
һȺɷ֪ǵݡ
ǵʱҲֻԶԶţֻҶﻹ˵ģ
治֪ģҲǰʡ
𣿡ǧһ䣬ȴĦؿöɫ£һ˲ɢĿϹ⡣
öɫʾݡĽϵҩʦ󲻷
ǼǰĻ£տƳн׵Ļ񵤣öҩκ̫Ĳ֢
ֹˣ׻ʵۻмӣʹ˲ٺöأ
ǽǧһʱֻͷ˵ձ˸Ϊݣɣ
ſˮÿ˶սսģ֪˵Щʲôá
ǧĦǰĻ£֮ڴżֺǸң˾ǺˡѾȡɫ£ݸΪǲ뿪ڣкö취Ըǡ
һǲĸˡ
Ů˹ȻԸǵģңɫµԸԸһ򵥣
½ҵСӣ½ɵģ
ڶѾʵ۴ٹȥˣڣʹӣֵǮһա
ǡѾȰˣ½С̫ţͲͬǵġ
ǧȣ½ȥʱΪģҲûȥʵ۵ᣬʱ¡
ټϣǰ׻½ˣµСٻΪãõֲ⡣
ĭڰ׻вû֣ټҲȥ˻ʵᣬǧһʱ;òġ
ȻǸ½磬Ҳ̫˰ɡϲգСһ
ǧû˵߽ȥ鿴
ЩȫһˣȥЩҩҲһգЩӻҲˡ
ǧԽԽ޲ý½Ҳ˺ˡ
ĶҪˣ
Щħ޻ڡδӷħ޵Ǽ߳ԭĺڵȴһ㺮˪Ķȫˡ
ǧһ߬ȭͷеĺ˪ŨǸ½ֱֱ̫ƵãȻȵǲڵʱҶ
΢٣ģڸֳһĨаɱҪ𣿡
վͷİǸܵɱӲͣͬҶһ㣬ͣµס
һʱֻŮ˿·ǳĸ½СֻҪùˣȻŮˣֻԶԸ
ףǲӦý½ץһ٣͵Ķȫ³ϲСֱȻһ£Сһ
ǿ϶Ҫ³ġǧ۾죬͵ҵĶȻģûм
ϲһ˾ھȥ½ң½罫³
ǧһתƺʲôΪ׵İ취
׵ķӻҪܶʱ䣬ԵȣЩҩ͵Ȳˡ
ЩҩƷָ½ԵǮˡ
ɲװױ½磡
ǧߣӣĵھȥ½ң½϶Ϊǲҵ鷳Բ޼ɵ¾ʲôŭǵĺ


1157 Ҳ

ּ򵥴ֱĨǵķʽܽǴֲ
ϲһЦ˭˵ǲˣھȥ
ĸֱһǿ׳ȥģվԭؾǣǵıһ䴽ǳЦ
ÿɰλվԭأǧ֣ЩҲƣʲôʦŭ𡣡
η䣬еЦݽˮ
ǧ½լſˡ
ҩңǲҲǺܲģլŽ̻ԻͣһС͵ĻʹƵģſڵʬʨӣȫûƽɵġ
ǲƴ֣ƼҼֱһģ̳ġ
½һǲƴ֣һǲӦúݺһʣǧſڵʨӣһʱֻر򣬡˵Ľ
ƿ꣬Ǿͱǣ۾
ǧЦǿòã
áζüۣԾ˼֡
ǧЦʱ򡭡½ſڵļС˼һֱǻ˾˼ڵǼǺˣΪһֱ½ſǻµİɣ
ҩңЩǰµ˲٣ǼҲϡ档
ǧָ⣬΢һЩɼЩСҲһͱ˵ģҲͲˡ
ԣǾµġ
СӶԲ˼֡
ģ̌°ͣ˵УЩǼүҽгǲУֻԼȥѰˡ
СǼµˣһ㲻ͣãҲż־ɫǧֱ׳к޾ɫģǵǴδ
Сſˮһʱ侹Ǳŵԭء
ֱǣ⼸˲ǣ
ԭûжǧеŨѩɽϵıѩ̹ǣôǲȥͨǺãǾԼȥˡ
䣬ǧǾ׼ȥ
Сۼã̾ͻæǧȥ·λ벻ҪҰûӵǲܽȥģִ⣬ǲ
ǧ󣬽Ų΢٣ЦЦζǲ
ҽǾͽǴȥС׳ӣͺһ
һһŮһӣȻȥͦģʵӦֽϻɣ˭»Ҳˣˣ磬ûʲôá
ǧЦø⿪ΣǾȻ˵ҪǴȥǺôĵӰ
ۣ⵭ĮˡǱ㽫Ǵȥˡ
ðǧһȻģ
СֻЩԲЩС˲߾ħʦȼϣһһŮһܽΣ
ֱЦ
С뵽˴˼ִ֣ǧǳ˹ȥǰ£վǳ
䣬ǲϻǧϿȥ
ǧվԭزδ֡
ۣüѩбɽǳ˦䣬һ
ֻáಡЩС˾Ǳε˵ϣеıҲһأһغգ۵ñŤ
Ӵ۰
ˣղŵ׷ʲôˣ
ҪǵģôԸȵˣ
С۵ѳݣɵ̧ʱ򣬱˲һҲżֲš
⼸˾Ȼģ˵ĺۼûУǼ۶ҪˣҲдĺۼЩ
СԽԽԾ뵽ղŷκһ䣬Ŵ͹ϡͿľͱε˵ϣŪûʹ
˵һж˸ɵģ
ֻһ˦
СܿʶǲͨˣղǵЩ뷨ʵ̫棬㽫Ǻˡ
С̿ˮҲȫһèӡ
ǧ֣Ŀдżη壬䴽ЦЩ˿ͺҲʡȥǶƤ֮ࡣ
СŤɫ಻ԡ
Ҳˣ֪Ͳȥڻˡ
ǲ赲ģ̴̵̌Ž룬κͷϲֽȫطԼļңһģ
ʱ½լæµţүүڴţǵÿЩ׼ͣȻǻᱻɨسŵġ
æµʱ򣬾Ϳס
һһŮһӣĺܣҲ֪ǴӺδģȻС˽Ƿ˽Ҳүͬ˰ɡ
˼ۺ㽫ĿջأǲҶƣҲҹܣæеӳķȥ


1158 ôѾˣ

ǧŵеķζɿڵҹƣ½СڴгͣǸЩˣ϶ҵˡ
Ǳȥɡƿ꣬һȥɡ͸ˮô򵥡
Ͼҩ½ҵլۡǾȻûа־裬еؾ͸仨԰һȫ±˷Ƶġ
ǧͲլֻһЩ׵ħʦߣȻڶ࣬о͸ðײƵģٶ࣬ҲǵĶ֡
ԣ͸޼ɵˡ
½еسͣλһģӣӱ½Ҽ½ĵ
½ֱߣźЩУͿ֬Ĩ۵ŮˣЩ½ķˣԹʮɣͦзϵģǺø
½ұߣӣű½һЩԴŻۣһĹЩӦö½ֵܡ
½м츳õģҲƳĻ񵤣õɫµģԣʸ½ԣȴû
Ӽ½ҧҧҲ˼ʣ޲ý½Ǹλϰ
ǧһȦһĻ̥ȫʲôö
һӶкö˼ֲ½ҲǸöǧһ̾ûпѹܿ½˵ע⡣
ЩŽеŮ˼ǧǣƤ׵öˮ֮вһĨɫ
ǼүɫƯŮӽ˼ţĻǵ֮أ
ǧ۾ЩŮ˵Ŀ⡣
ЩŮ˳ضǧһŮ׳ӣһүλǴĶѰģƤðףøǣϵƵġ
½ЩˣȻͻȻҪ
һǧĳ㲻ˣôÿŮӣͷһμ
ǧü֪Щ˵ıΪôˣԭЩŮ˰ɾˡν½湻ĵģȻҴԼҲע⵽ˣ۾һУ˲ɢ·𶳽һ˪ϢС
ǰЩֹŮ˱һһʱ˵ˡ
½һԻվһӣֵǣȻһӣ򴽣ͻȻʶûô򵥡
ǧж˼־ɫһһŮһӾԲô򵥣Ѳµģ
½ת֮вɶ˼ֺŵС˵ǸʲôԵģȻ˶ŽˣҲǲ½ˣ
ʱСܽżСǴˣýȺ˷ŽʵСҲȲѣˡ
ˡǴģʵ̫ˣǸ·ӣ̫ˡ
ôʦ˵˹죬ǧһʧЦ
ЩǺôӣʲô˵½ݺݵضǧǣʵǵǺˣΪͻȻ룿
½ġǧƿ꣬Į
ʱ½绹ڳԶԼֲ̧ͷҪĸ۵ľԼ
ǧʱͷһҲһ¡
ʵû뵽Ů˾Ȼô󵨣ֱӾʹˡΪŮ˻ʲôػصֶΣʱһֱڼУŮ˿϶Ҳûʲô취˭ֱ֪Ӵˡ
ô㣿½ؿܵĳ־һ
ǧָ⣬Цò÷ǳôͲˣ˵½飬Ͳ뿴ǣ
½ͷٴһĿҲһЩ㣬ȴǵ飬ôܻ飿
ǧ۾֣½磬ѲѾˣʲô
뵽飬½һ飬Ȼǧ֪ôʣŪֲȫ֪Ρ
˵ǧ۾ֵ½ô˵𣿡
ûУҲûС½綪꣬һŭؿǧ
ǧЦЦؿ
½类ͷƤ顣
½ľԾ̳ʵ磬⵽ô£Щ˭Ϊʲô
½ҡҡͷһķϣҲ֪ʲôģҺ˵ʲô
½ңǵĵ̣ɲǧӲġ
½ȫ֪£½ݺݵصǧһۣҼұ綼˵ʶˣǹȻµġ


1159 ó֤

䣬½̽լڵСйˣЩ˸£ô½ң͸һɫơ
˻һСڵسǧǳ˹ȥ
½ߣźվһ࣬լڵС˶һһĸֻ֣²ҲһƤ
ô½ңҪһùӳԳԵġ½繴𴽽ǣȴǧǱñ˵ģ
ǧۣŲϳСˣֶûһҪֵ˼
Ȼ˫ɽ֮ˮ
ʱ򡭡ֻáĲҽ𣬽ţص
˷Ų⣬ͷƤЩ顣
½̧ͷܿ˿ͼ۳ҰҲܲ
۳ɢȥˣ½ǿͷ
ֻһۣӱɵԲԲģܵĳ־ţ˶ԭһˡ
ֻЩСһأǶڲϺţϺϵһһģŲ⣬ͦġ
ǧǣǺһҶûС
½ȵգգ۾⵽ô£ΪЩСȫأЩȴˣ
ѲɣЩСǴܵģ
ǣⲻܵİǸеЩС˵Ƕ֣ȼҲףټڶ࣬ôҲܵ˰ɣһ˺۶ûУԼء
аˡ½˫ˣһʱ侹ǲҶ
½ҲǵһΪŮֻҩ˭뾹ǴµеģǴʦɣȻҲŮΪ
죡
⻭ЩԾɡǵʲôˣΪҪ˽½ң½֪򲻹ǣȴԾŪס
ǧ½翴һۣ絶ҵıӣҵӣĺЩȻҪ˵İ
½Ȼɴ˫ǲŵģôܣ½ӦоʲôȱôȥӣȥĶ
ʲôܰǧĦǰɫ£ڽһöʲô𣿡
½ǻ¿һۣʱͷһҲһ
ԭΪǲǸͨ¶ѣֻһۣ֪ҩʦĻ£ֻͨÿȼҩʦԣܵõĻ¡
öɫ¾ʹǧĵȼĽϣнףҪִ߽׵ҩʦˡ
ҩʦ½һ㶼ǺٵģǵҲҲҵ˵ǵĶˡ
ֻһöɫ¶ѡҼұҲеġ½Щɵһ뵽½Ҳõɫ£ֶ˼ֵ
½ȷУ죬Ǿͬһԡǧ䴽һЦЦգ½Ƴ˵ͽ׵Ļ񵤣ν𾪲ѡ
½һҲ
˵һŮƳн׵Ļ񵤣񻹱ʵнȥˣʹ˲ٶ
뵽˴½ɫͱ˼֣ԼҶôͲһأ
½ҧгݣյ鶼˵ӿɾûˡ
ǧɲҪ½ǰҪȥߣ½ңҰĵط
Ҫüֱӽסˣġ
½ҪɸоһɽôѲ
ʦȻǵʦ
½ſˮͷЩ¡
δӸµؿ½磬·˵ںѾˡ
½紥Ŀ⣬ŵû
۾˫ĺ䡣
½ŵҴˡ
ʱ򡭡ǧ·֪½ʲôһڵ½ǸƳнĻ񵤵ĹңҲʹҲٶ½ͷȫˣͶһģֳڲμӹʱ򣬴˽ҵӸˣĺЩ
½󣬾ԭء
ŮӾȻƳĻ񵤣һн׵ģ
½ıЩ㶵ģŮҲֻжʮңôƳн׵Ļ񵤣Ǻ˵İɣ
Ťͷ˵Щʲôͼ½ıЩȻҲżֲĺͼʡ
½ˣԴһ¾ըˡ
ŮˣƳн׵ҩ
ұĶ
ֲ½ʱ򣬻̧˲ӻʱ⣬ΪͷĶ˭뾹Ȼ͵ģ
½Ҳ壬͵鷢
½ϾĶӣһ츳õһ͵˶Ҳֲܡ


1160 ŲҪԴ

ƳĻΣ½һ֤Ҽұ˶ó֤
׹ȻǰŶӵģ½ˣҲˣǣó֤
ϲᳶǧ°ڣһף˻ϣֱСӶ磬ǰ
ǧķЦԱǧѧǣѧҪѧģǶʲôˡ
ϲ͵صͷһѧǵġ
½½˫նŤˡ
Ҫѧǣǻˣ
ЩʵڿɶĽôլҲˣھ˵ǵĻ浱ǲè
½ҧгݣ޲ýȫȥ
ﲻҰǿЩó֤ݣȻǾ͸뿪½¶Ҳ¶һĨ
ǧŷϵϣǶˣ½ӣ˶㻹
½һ顣
ʱȥʱſڵȷΧ˲ٰգЩ۾ĺܣһӾͽϳˣְݣδֹ˵Щʲô
£ǧ죬Ⱥ˵ʲôǿɶĺܡ
½ǧǵڶ˼Թ֮ɫ±½ָ岻
Щڴе̫̫Ǽһֱ½ѹĹӣһϷģͿ½粻ˬˣ½絹ùȻ˵Ľ
ң½羹Ȼ͵ˣֱڸ½Ҷ
龹ɶֻ֣ҪҼչ½Եͱɰ϶ˣ½簮ӣǵԲ˫ָǧǵĲ
Ǳ˵˵Ҽұ֪ģټ½ʵﻹĶ½üԴǣ˵ЩգҲǱǸͨˣͲš
½һҲץסʲôһæǿڵǣЩտ϶ˣ˵Ļ
ǧ󣬲㱻ˡ
һӻ湻޳ܵģȻʲôӾʲôĶӡ
һĶر˳ġ
ǲ˵½˵ȰǿЩ뿪ɲҰĵط
䣬½תͷΣȸ½Ĵʦɣ˶˵ʦΪΪʵ£㾹Ůһͬ˽լⲻǴʦɣ
δ½磬Ĭ
½ЩԺͷٴοһ¡
ɡȻǴʦǵʦ
½һʱֻ˵ˬȫѪҺˣһ뵽ǰ׻½òʲô֤ݣǴʦҲ˽̰ɣ
һ룬½˿
ǧֵ˵εؿڣһ٩ΣӦ֪ˣȴһɷģݶ˵尡
ϲʲô飬ƤӶûһ¡
һ
½½ɫһӾͱˣǧΪɵ
ǧˣ䴽һЦܿǽһҶȡڵϣҶʹ͵ģ¶˵Ƶĵҩã˵ҵӲŴһҶҡ
½½һۣһʱ֪ڴʲộʹտڲԣ̽̽˵
ǧĦŵϵҶֵȻҵĵҩҵӶǵõϿɵģɾôһȺ۾ܵңҵӣҵĶСһٶڷ𣿡
һ½½ԭء
¡ǿǼҩҲҵµģǧ˵أҲǿֻ
ǿֻţǧһҩӣݵ㷴һҪǱ֪ҪԴġ
½ʶԼĲӣ˫ҲŴ
ŲҪԴзµ˼ɲҪ˵˵½ڲϷš
֪ǵ޳ܣǧǵķӦ⣬ƿ꣬ǼϺˣеǰ취ǳϡ
½һľԾǿɱǴʦ캦飿
½ŷΣϣԻ֪
θֶûһۡ
Ǻ÷Ҳ޳ܡϲַر죬򵥴ֱķʽǣһһѣѶȫѳˣǻε
ǧϲسһۣһǵȷӦôֱˣղʵ̫º͡



1161 һ˵

½½һ
ºˣ
һֱֱܴòã
½šüԽĲˣǵʲô浱½˺۸
ǧû˵ֱж֤Լʲô
κͷϲҲһһѡ
һʱ䣬ͣ½˫ˡ
Щˣֱ̫
½СǰȥֹȴСǲӣһȫǰ˻ģ½һۣ̱ĸζˡ
һȺûõĶûõĶ½ŭ𣬡ҹ
СǰͲøϽ뿪أ̧ţһĹ˸ûӰ
½ҧҧĸζ۵ĺܣ¾û˿ֹ
½򼱵ת
ǺãǱˣһӢҪȫˣ
½ҪǰȥֹȴһԵֵҲֹˣܵܣҪǰȥֹѰͿԻ𣿡
ǰȥֹˣ飿϶š
ȥѣʱѲǻ⳥
Щֵһһ˵ţŪ½ͷ۵ĺܡ
½뽫һƿǶµʵʵһ޴ǽƵģѲ
½ҧԿ϶ǹŵģЩֵܵ˼᲻֪
뿴ùԺȡ֮뵽˴½еŭɫŨվѲֻǧһһӡ
ʱ½ͷҲЩң˶ʮˣЩСʲôһˡ
ȻӣҲ˶Բһ˲Ļҡ
ϾԼĶӣǼ츳ģΪ׾ֱ¶Ҳõ֪
Ļ˿Цġ
½һʱ伱תֻϣӴһЩЩĶһδǷֲźá
㾲ţɹһһףĵҩǵġ
ϲָһ䷿䣬˵һ䡣
½һͷƤըˣǼӵȷصҩĵطҩ󣬾ֱӰǶǸˡ
ԭΪǷƫƧǲᱻ˷ֵģ˭֪ǷҵĹǿ汻Ǹҵˡ
½̿ˮһʱȹϵϣ֪Ǻá
½½ıˣҲ֪ǵȷҵˣЩѰˡ
Ȳ˵εݣ˵ǿҶɣǿǰ׻ʵʹ͵Ķ˵ʵ۶ǧǼΪϿɵģû֤ݣʸڷϾͺãʱӦҲ
£Ѿҵ˶ǴʦΣǰ׻ʵ۶԰ұϾȣܻ½Ҷˡ
뵽˴½ֱЩ֪ôҲֹ½ȥɵ¡
Ƶĵҩ˼´õͳˣοҪȥ˼ҵӣ˼ҵĵҩ˹ⲻֱӸߣ½ҵСƶ
½תһʱҲòʲô⣬ֻ²ҪִźãĻ½ҽΪǵЦ
ʱǧѾеĵҩȫó
һľӣ˵ҲʮˣͷȫǵҩһЩȽֵǮӻ
½ŵϵľӣһʱֻͷƤЩ飬ȫӵϵЩұ羹Ȼ͵ôࣿ
ҧҧи߽׵ҩʱֻЩѣ
죡
Ȼи߽׵ĵҩЩŮƳģ
½ǧһۣ䶯ţȴ˵һ仰
Ǹܵ½Ŀ⣬ǧЦЦ½֤ҵˣ㻹ʲôҪ˵
½šüͷܸܵǧʢˡ
Ůָղ˵Ϲ
Ѱ֤ݣͿʼNɪˣ
½ҧгݣʼ˫˵
վһԵ̫̫½ɫãؿҲæǰ˳Ҳģĺܡ
ү½Сүʵ̫ˣôȥ˵Ķأ
ǰڵñˣ¶Ǵ¶᲻½Ұ
ү½СүƵҩЩûѧᣬүɵúúùܽˣպٳʲô¶ɾͲˡ
½Ͳ˳˵ֱһںڣȥҲѹȥ
ȿȿȡ½һǺˣرǱ죬˵û˵ư͡
Ǳ½ģһǱ죬Ҳ˵Щʲôˡ
½ǲǸøһ˵ǧĿ½ϴת



1162 ˵Բ

ǧ΢٣ֵãҲ⽫Ͻ´ҼҷȻǴʦϾǰ׻½ˣʩӳͷʲô飬Ǹ翹Ǿֻܲȡֶˡ
ٷĮ·ʱضγУһͱ
½뵽˴Լؿڡ
죡
ֶβǽһͱɣ
ǵȷı¡½ˣ½ŵɪɪ
걻ڼƵҩҲųȥ˼棬ټı컹ߣҲΪϳԼ˶
ԣûɱ¾мȥ˽ɱ¾ܻᱻɱ𣬵ʱһ߰ʱûˡ
½ſˮһʱȷûõԵ˵ϡ
ҪҪˣͲǵΣ½ץһͷЩץš
ǧӸµؿ½磬ҪǸ
½գգ۾ø߰ȥΪǸôԣ
ҧҲ¶Ϊ֮ɫǸҴС󶼲֪Ǹôд㾹ȻҵǸ
˵½ֱ׳
ǧ
ϲȴס֣һף֪ҪǸ˵ô£ûаǸ˼ֱȱ硣
ǧЦһĿҲŷζ˵Ǹ軵үȻϵͷϴˡ
ϲҧСָͷһ䣬ϴǸôأ
ǧԵڵص½磬ƿһĮǸĻǾֻܽɱ¶ˣȻǼҴʦҲܸϾǱ˵ĵ̣ҪЩӵġ
½ӲøӾˡ
Ҫ¸߸£
ʱ򣬲ᶪˣ½Ҳᱻۡ뵽˴½ɫһ䣬ͷҲµĽ׸Ǻð½ҧ˫ȴûаҪǸ˼
ǧҲż˫ֻأ½ĳ̬
ǧĵ½ҵЩֵȴЩסˣǲŲΪ·޴ء
ǳ½翴һۣЩе½磬㵹ǿǸȻ½ҶҪ˸ˡ
½ЩŵؿǣЩ˾ȻǸȻҪ飿
½۾Ǿʲô˼Ǻô½ˣǾȻҪ飬Ǽֱġ
½ҵЩֵһʲôж飬ӦõǸǲǸñ֪ˣ½ҿ϶꣬Ҳϣ½Ϊɣ
½䶯˫һʱ֪˵Щʲôá
½ȥһۣϣԼ˵˵
½ȴǱҲżΪ֮ɫ磬ͿЩǸɣұϾǱʹ͵ģڰ׻ˣܵ£
ңֻڶҩңҪԽƼһкܴһξ롣
˵Ƽֺñ£Ȼǧҩ˳ȥ¼մãƼҽãں˼
ô½ҺûʲôˣǴ˿ײǹϣֻº
½ſˮҲ˼ֽ֮ɫǿ½绹ûеǸ˼˼֡
磬ЩǸûУ½½磬Ҳмɫ
½ͷ뵽ƽһ۰ԼĸףҲԼǸ·ֻҪǸҪϳˡ
ҧأûаҪǸ˼
ǧˣΨ²ҵ˵Ȼ½ҹӲϵǸ±ֻܽɻʵ۲þˣһʱҲ֪ᷢЩʲô
½ɵɴ˼֣ǵıµȷĺܣɣԲñ֪
½˫һʱҲʱ½ǱƲˣΪ½ҵĹӿ϶Ҳûʲôùӳԡ
ǵǸܱȱƲĺðɣ
ǸҲٿġ֮ͨ½紹͵˵Բ𡭡
˵仰Ժ½ͷøͣһ߷ģ
Сû˵һԲȻĿ֮˵ˣ˺޲ڸضȥټκˡ
½Ǹˣ˿Ҳ
½ҵֵܣ½綪ôһ䴽ϲͷ·˶ʮĶһ
ֹ˵ͣ½ͷø͡
½ǧǿһۣʵ£ѾǸˣҹȥˣ
ǧ½һ̴ֻۣرãһǸܽеһнҹȥ
ûţ



1163 

װҲ˺ЩңͿԿţȴΪˣƽ޹ʧ˴ѽңֻһǸܽҹȥ
½ΪԼ˭
Ȼ
ǧĵؿǣЦЦǸӦõģҵӲŸװ޺þͱˣҵĶŸոշȥͱˡǸЩʧˡ
½Ȼɴ󣬡⻰ʲô˼
ΪֻҪǸЩ˾ͻˡ½ҲΪˣ˭֪ǻбҪոյĵǸʲô
ֻһ裿
Ů˾ң½šצسǧ˹ȥ
ǧվԭûж֡
ۣһ˦½羹ߵķһֱֱˤڵأģǱƺЩ
Ӵ½羪һֻҪˣղŸûôģֻһ󾢷Ϯֱֱ˳ȥһ㷴ûС
ӴӴ۰
½簧ϣ˫ոǺˡ
ǧ˫ֻأӸµؿ½磬裿ֻǸѣ㣬ȻֹңҼҷѸ٣Ȼҿɵñ۸ȥ
ϲߺߵϮҼףһⶼûУȻӦý¶߻ʵۣǵøһѵС
ֹ½磬½ҲǴ󾪡
ۿҪսᣬȴƫƫôһұôôʡİ
Ů˾ȻǴʦӡȥĺܣֲû˽ݣǲ˵ǲưոݵġ
½ҾҲ˼֣λȮˣȮѾǸҪʲôأ˵ܹ쵽Ȼȥ졣
Ȼõˣ޷Ǿǽҵ⡣ǧƿ꣬ĺڵ˫ȴ½һɨҼӶ½ҳϡãǲӦ⳥
½һͷȻȻҼұһģǾӦ⳥һҾһЩȥΪһ֤ŪñǰĻҪ
ģ̌Цò÷ǳ½仰ұˡ
½򴽽ǣֽĿ䵽ǧϣΪСһ䣬ѾӦˣǷýҹȥˣ
ǧһۣ½벻ҪôżҵĻû˵ء
½һɫҲЩѿʲô˼
ѲɣʲôҪ
ǧϵ࣬ڵǸӦõģ⳥ҲӦõġ˵˵ʧѵɡ
½ЩͿʧʲô˼
֪½Щʲôǧƿ꣬͵֪ӱһյʱܵ˼ľţҼұ챻ŻˡСдôһŶҪӰˡ
ϲֺϵץǧ°ڣ޿ף£ˣÿ¡
½һܾЩԾңСղŻʢ˵ģôһӾͱɽˣ
һǮưɣ
ǧ֤ܿʵ½Ĳ룬ܵ˾ţǷӦó߽Ϊǿ͵һְοҲð
½󣬱ǱŤ
ǹȻҪթ½ŴǣһΪѵӡ
½ȻЩңҲôԵ޹ʾóʲôʧ˵õǺϾթѡ
ټǵ̬ȣֻǵθҲܴӦˣǾһι޵׶
½˵ģҲ뽫нҸǵʧѡ
Ǻ˵ʲôʧѣǾթǿǧϵˡ½ߺߵģ˵仰Ժ󣬱㳯ǧǵ˼ۡ
ǧˣЦЦ
θڹӰ֮£һϯ·ǵûºͣ˼ͬѩɽ֮۾þòıѩ
½Ŀ⣬һʱֻԼҪɱ
ʦȻʰ֮Զȴ˪ͷ·֮ˡʹģҲǧʱС
½ָ⣬ʶһ
һۣûжģ̌ǰһƵģȻǲóʧѣҾֻȥұˣҾ̫ȻΪġ
½ҵ˲
Ů˾Ȼֽʵ۸ˣҿǼƣڿЦȥС棡
½ʿˮֻǰЩڣôιȥҲЩˣкãβȥ
½䶯Ŵ꣬˵ЩʲôͲǧǵĶֳֻ֣ܱĬ



1164 ôˣ

½ҵЩֵܾסˣǲ½ѣҪЩҺͱѣǸˣЩ½Ҷǣαֵʵʱ½Ҿˡ
½һеġ
ǼнҰҲУһЩܱסӣͲܵͷͦõİ֮ͨ½ͷСһ䣬ҪЩʲô
ǧָ⣬ȴûڵһʱ˵˼ʲôһ
½ˣĶ쾾Ů˲ʨӴ󿪿ڰɣ
֪½Щʲôǧ˼ۣĺڵ˫ż˿ȴͷƤ
ܵľŲᣬҪ⳥ȻҲһЩǧָ⣬ֱ׳˵һ䡣
½üһ壬ɫӵؿǧۣ㾿ҪЩʲô
½ѾˣŮ˲öԸǼֻҪʥˣڶӣֱӽѹȥ
ǧ뵽½ſɫʨӣɿ˵ҪһǧңٸһЩ½صҩݰɡ
һ½˶һ¡
һǧң
ȻҪô࡭ңҪ½صҩݣ½ǻʨӴ󿪿ڣȴû뵽ῪôĿڡ
Щ½˵Ҳʲôĵҩ٣һǧҶ˵Ҳëë꣬ҪǱˣϸһ뻹Щġ
½Ŵ꣬ûڵһʱӦҲû˵Ӧ
½ҧͷЩʣҲʨӴ󿪿ڰɣһǧңҪǼҩݣֱǳ룡
û뵽ԼҶӻ޴½ɴ˫
ǧ۾ǵûЦЦؿ½磬ģڿӵСһ
½˼֡
ǧ䴽ЦøΪˡ
½תһʱ֪Ǻá
ǧ˫ֻأ֮ƿ촽ʵǾãʨӴ󿪿ڣ
Ȼ½Բ˫һòģ
ǧۣŤͷ½
½ǰȫ亹ϸϸܵģиǽŲѣǧ˵ʲôȥϵĻ
ʵҲʨӴ󿪿ڣЩ½õóġ½ЦЦͻȻ˵
ǧǹЦܵˣͱһ͸һЩԣ½ͬҵĻ
½ͷȴûôȻǵġ
ǧһЦøΪãҲΪſ񣬡½Ȼ͸֮£½ҵСӻ̫һЩǮƲαؿأ
½˫ࡣ
أ
Ҳ˭һֱǿҪʲôʧѣѵͿòˣ
½籾˵Щʲôɿ½̿ˮֻܽˮʡ
½˵ˣ˿ĿҲżЦ⣬ȻѾ̸ףǲǲȥűˣ
ǧЩصͷƿ촽˵ǰȻ˽ﶼѾ̸ˣͷʵ۱£
½ͷǿٴһɣҲŷǧ˻˵üǣҪæܵЩС¶
ǧֻ䴽һЦû˵
½վһԣϸһСȥ׼ûãС˱̧ľӶ
װһǧң½ҵЩҩݡ
ҩժģдر½ҲҺŪǧǣ׼õҩݣֻǧǿЩ뿪Ҫˡ
ǧһǧң½ҵһЩҩݡ½ָǰľӣЩҩժģƣ滹¶ˮء
ǧһȻҩЩ¶ˮҩҲرʣ½Ӧûƭˡ
˦˦ӣգ֮䣬ϵľӾȫˡǶ뵽ǧĿռУҪڣҲòˡ
½վһԣһһ㶵ģû뵽ǧȻӵпռָأȴнռָʵڲС
ȻǧѾ¶ǲǾͿԽҹȥˣ½̧Цһ䡣
ǧȻҲֲˣǼȻҶ¾ͽҹȥˣ֮ҲûʲôԹˡ
½ٴ˿ǽҹȥˡõ˲ٺöֽԼʧĵҩȫһأǧͷ˵ģȹڸ뿪ɾ뵽ʲôһͻȻ½ɱˣЩӡ
½Ϊᷴڣ˵æǵ˵ͷɳɳɣҼˡ



1165 ҼҴʦ

ǧת뿪
뿪½ϵЦȥиǶ˼ֲʺǰһʵ½磬ôȺˣ
½ҧҧδ˵
½۾һɸֵģδ߹ңû뵽㾹Ȼô顣
½Ŵ֮ǿڵֻǾãСûҪ˵ѡ
½ۣ˫ǵͨ죬û˵ҲͰˣȻ¶֮Ū½ɨأ¶û֪Ȼ˶֪ǱһʮСвթˣպ󣬻ôڰ׻½㣿
½һҲȫޣǵǧвʱҲͰˣŪǱ
뵽˴½Щ˶ѾˣٺҲûʲôá
˵½ɫѿ
ʵû뵽Լ츳ĶӣȻô˲
һԵļֵܼˣΪĻҪ٣æǳȰοףСµȷЩԣ츳ãָߣҲ鲻Ѿ𣿸׾ͲҪˡ
½һɫø
ǣ츳þΣ½ҵˣ
ʮĹأѧȥˣ
ԼҸɫ࣬½Ҳ˹ȵףôЩֵԽԽأ
½һȵһ鷿˼ȥûҵķԸ׼
½Ȼɴ۾ôףѾʶˣ㲻ҵİ½Щ꣬æ󺰴ңҪоһֵҩɲܵˡ
½ڰ֣һֵܰһоģͰ˼ɡ
½ɫҰףȴҲ޿κΡ
վһԵֵȴЦø⿪һΣܷˡ
һߡ
ǧֱС
ŰѶ˻õ˲ٲǿҵĲƵӣĵġ
ӺúһǾܿˡǧƿ촽ãҲ֪½ɵĹʱ
ƿ꣬һţƲñˣ²СȻļ֡
ǧһǲ˼֣ǾЩš
ӵĺԺСģǧ׼￪СĿռҲвʳģͲõĲɫ⡣
һٷԱ½Ĺˡ
ÿӿһۣƽˣҾ˵ǻĵġ
ǧӷεģЦòޱȣˣҼҴʦ鶼ܲµһ
鲻䣬ͷȴá
佱ô᲻ģ
ģ̌һ˲·ܿлǣǵģҺÿ
۾ʶִ˴εؿڣЦ۾֪֪˷ġ
εһЩ΢£䣬ɤȴʮָֺоҵҡ
յ˵ţȫӵߣһ˲˸
ǧŶ䣬ӵԲ˼֣ʵû뵽ǰֵĴʦȻ˳ĻȥʵЩмܲס
ôˣ֣ߵ鷢úá
ǧһ͵תܵſڣ½Ѿ˹ȳȥ˵˵ݵˡ
䣬Ķӡ
ıӰüͣɫûɫǿɰĽ
ǧֹ֪ʲô֪϶߷ߵһضȥ
ʱѾߵ⣬ͼкЩվͷǷģ֪ǧǵֶΣԣ˿ҵ
ǵǿǧ߳Ժ΢Ц̹Χȥǧɣ½үĹǧָʾӸأ
ʱ򣬰̴߳ʼΧۡ
ʵû뵽ǧı£ȡĶ½ҵ˹ԹԳϴ˹ǰݣʵ˲á
ָָ㣬ֶ˵ǧ֮
ǧԹԽǵкֳһĨЦ⣬һԵĹһͼֽǾͰͼֽϵݰɡ
һͷ
ǵٶȺܿ죬վѾݺˣűǰҪµӣǧ¶һĨЦ
ӣܿˡǧӻʲô𣿡Сһ䡣
ǧڰ֣Ѿܲˣǻȥɡ
Ҳ¶һĨοЦݣԴһ뿪ˡ



1166 ۸

ǧѽ̻׼ã׼տˡ
Σȥͷȼ񡣡ǧȥһҪʲô׵ĵط
θϵı𣬴ȫȼ֮Ҳϲټµ꿪һЩССۿۣǼЩȫվͷΡ
ǧʱͷ֣ﴽǣ֡
ƿ꣬˵Ƽۿۡ
ǧЦպûۿۣǳԹҵĵҩԺ󣬻ǻġ
䣬ȾһźȻԼҩģҲЩ
μˣЦüȴͷǳ
Ҫ̻ȫȼϣǾֵҰȫ뵽жȫǰЩӶӵɡ
ǽԺ̾ͱеĸ߽׵ҩסˡ
ЩҩǵȼƷʶǼõģҲð˫һ̰ѡ˺ЩҩҲһЩħ޾ˣ׼ȥǶϡ
˵ǰհɣҲӵжżҲҪȥҩǱرƷһȼһɳأ
ǹһȦǿһڹһӵħޣǵ۾ˡ
찡
Щħ޸ݣһܴӣټëɫĿ⾼һ֪ǷƷħޡ
ʵû뵽ﾹȻħһô磬ôйԵħޣӵħ޾ǲһ
ǧЩħҲ𣿡ŤͷСһ䡣
ǧͷǵģЩħ޶ץģ϶ǹħޣսӦǲġ
󣬾ȵԭء
Щħޣץģ
ȥɭץģ
ˣѱˣ
찡Ȼɴ۾˲þħײУǧﾹȻץôħޣǸѱˣʵ˲á
ǧЦĿħǵϡ
ЩӣЩħ޶ǳƵĵҩգƺøҲһ˵ϸУ˾̾ѡ
΢Ƭ̣ǧǿڵµ꿪ţħÿֻһǧңҪҪһֻȥ
һǾͦ˵ģȱı˶ˣǶСϰգǮħޡ
һǧȻ˵ĺܣ̫ʵò˼ۣЩźҡҡͷ
ûҪ˼ǧʼ磬ҲͲ˵ˡ
գӵǳãȥĵҩӻʤħһֻûȥҲǧһȻɣԼļ۸ǲ̫ˡ
ҵļ۸ǲ̫ˣǧĦ°ͣüһ䣬ȻһֻûȥǲҪļ۰
ϲҧָ⣬һʱȴ֪ô˵
ߡǧļǳǳǼͷûӣȻħޣЩħҲǸ׼ġ
ǧ󣬵Ҳͨˣ˼˵ӦýЩħˣ۸Ҳһ᣿
Цζ˽Ҷ࣬Ȼõġ
ǧЦЩû뵽˼̻ĴʦҲҵͷԡ
βϵĺɫȴĵ毺á
ǧħ޵ļ۸׼ǧļ۸Щħÿһֻ񾼾˿ˣỶϲ
˼۸Ժǧ͵Ź˿š
ϲֿżվűϣСԴҲͷţƺҲڵŹ˿͹
ǧȥҲ΢΢
ǵĴٶĺܿ죬ڲ˵żƷħ޵飬˳һ֪ƷħĶˡ
ҪǣƷħ޲һǧ򣬱˵ĺܡ
ӵĶ֣ʰǧǼӽ
ǧͷԶܿ⴫ĶһͿкЩ˹ˣЩ˶Žۣһģ
ףˡϲָָſڣ۾Ц
ǧҲڿеļצӷ£Цǵ˶ʱ˻ͦ࣬ÿһֻĻַˡ
ϲһЦ
ʱЩӵѾ뵽Уǳܿ˿̾װĻ
˵Ʒħޣأ
ǣôû
ǧվһ࣬һ廪˲Сƣħҹ
δ˿裬һϯ欣˫ʸ˵ζƲĿ⡣
ӵܳ˼ۣӲ򵥣˸ǲ򵥣ֲûмƷħ޵Դ
ǵҪЩħ޾ж༫Ʒ


1167 Ǿһڰ

뵽˸ڵУӵܾͱһħ޵ĺˣǽǰħޣӶֱˣָҲʼ
졭ЩղûпţЩħĺüƷһݹ񣬸һ˵ı·ܹƥһ
ħ亱ǼŪţħޣҲûǰЩħ
ƷǼƷ
ǵʲôˣȻŪôƷħޣ
ӵܲϴţеɻûء
ǧǴţϵıδ䣬λӣħ޵ģ
ӵû˵ɶǰħޣЩħˡ
û˵ǧüվһྲȴš
֮󣬹ӵعٴοǧʵЩħôһǧһֻ𣿡
ǧǳЦҡҡͷˣղħѾǼˡ
һǼۣӵһ£ҲЩŤ֮⡣
ǻΪЩħ޲һǧһֻҪǿɾ׬ˣϾЩħ޿ȥôбһǧǻġ
£Щħ޾ȻǼˣҲ֪Ƕ٣ֻҪʨӴ󿪿ھͳˡ
ӵǿһħޣⲻħ޾һڣҲ˵ܽܵġ
һڣǾ͵ÿһˡ
ٽңӵʵ
ǧͻȻָͷ
ӵһһ𣬾Ȼڣ
ù󰡡Ʒħ޾ڣҲ᲻á
ӵ򴽰꣬һʱ˾ᣬ׸òأ
ǧԥڵͬףǰɣǧӹˣ
üǱ߿ȥСֹЩǳԴôСģǧͲóˣ
ҲЩӵܿһۣͬ¶һĨ
ӵͬѣһʱ᲻ЩħޣԼĽ̫˰
ʵ̫ˣܲ΢һЩ
ǣһЩɣ۸Щ˾ȫˡ
ӵ򴽽ǣڶʱ¶һĨһڣǾˣ
ǧ󣬶ʱЩ±ơ
ڣ
˭Щħˣ
Ķǧ򰡡ɿһҲӣֶ˵ҲǺܹ֣ٱһЩĻǿ϶ˡ
ǧ۾ЩҸղûֱ˵ʲôǧ򣬲ȻĻɵúˡ
οһۣʱЦ绨
ζĿ⣬һ˲ҲЦ
ǧһָͷε̫Ǿ͸ǱһЩɣһΣ
һڣ
Ȼһڣ
ӵ˫ʱֻһڽң
ǧ˷䣬ȴָ֣صôǻӹ󣿿Ҿ۸ͦٱˣǲ˾ǡ
˵ЩʱǧͷҲûףô˵أǧʵҲˣһڣһָоһҲһա
ֱЦ˷ܡ
ǧŤͷһȻЩӵð̹⣬˷ܵĽһҪħ޶ӡ
Ҳ˵Ǿһںܱˣ
뵽˴ǧ䴽һЦʱúÿҲ˵ǻǵħˣ
ε毺ãȻ
ǧЦøΪü֡
ʱӵҲһĲá
һڽҾӵмƷħޣҪ
ң뵱ȥɭֲ׽õħޣҲ֪˶ټ徫Ӣˣ׽ħ޻ûĺá
ȫ׷ˡҪֻħޡ
ҲҪһֻ
ңҪֻ
ЩӵֻܾƷħޣһֻԼãһֻеʹãһڼеĵλ϶ߣټϼƷħ޲һڣ˵ĺܣֶΪأ
һʱ䣬ħޱһգֻһֻ͵ħޡ
ӵԼħԺ󣬸϶ЦݣļƷħޣеţǻ£
ǧϲ̵Ǯո˼ʮֻħޣһɽɰ˻ˡ
ƹģеħˣպ󻹻𣿡ӵǴƣСһ䡣
ǧħãҲץֻ
һ뵽ҩħޱúǼƷʱһֻûʲôʸУҲ̫ã;Щ˵ɣҲȱǮ
Ʒħ޺Ѱ١ǧǿһۣ˵Ҳǻ˺ôһŽЩƷħѰҲزѰôࡣ


1168 

ӵɫһƺЩˡ
ǱЩһЩҪ֪Ʒħ޶һ˵ǺεȵҪ
£Ȼ˵Ҫȸءʱƻ˶ˡ˵ûƷħ޺ҪץҲҪܶˣοǼʮֻƷħޣǵٰ
ӵܲ̿ˮǧǵҲ˼֡
ץסô༫Ʒħޣǵʵ϶ǿǽÿ϶ģңŮӺ񻹵õɫ£ƳĻ񵤵õ˱µļɾҲ˵òġ
ӵȥϵʧæǿ˵ǹѰ˼Ʒħޣ֪һǶȻҪġ
ҪǧҲ䴽һЦɣǵõ˼Ʒħޣ֪λһʱǿһҪ򰡡
ӵܴƣЦһһ
ôõħޣǿ϶Ҫġ
ִһ뿪
ǧյȫռУϵЦݾû
ϲּħȫˣҧָ⣬ʵףǸղʲôʱħޣΪҪ˵أץħǺ𣿡
ǧЦŽ͵Щ̫ĻǾͳôֵĶˣʱҲ˸߼ˣνϡΪԽϡеĶ˲ԽϲҲ򣬶һĸԸġ
ϲ󣬵һЩͷϴЦݣϵͷͷǵ
ǧЦ
ԭħ޵ĵطЩտοһۣʵȻպħޣطҲţ׼ʲô
ǧһۣЦҩɣǵҩɶء
еĶȫǼõģһΪҲ׬˲ٽҡ
ټǧҩʦıֳڣٰѶҲкЩӱĴ½ˡ
Щӱĵطˣд󲿷μġ
ǧӣˡ
ˡǧͷص¹⣬Ҳһ»֮ɫʱÿǳ
ϲվ࣬Ǿ֪ʲôˡ
ǧĦָ⣬İ
ֵ塭ҵǺιϵأ
ļ򣬵룬ʱһʲô֪ˡ
˳𣿡ǧͷһ䡣
εʹüۣԥȻǿԵġ
ǧһеЦŨ
εĿ䵽ϣü˲˼֡
ϲּüĿ飬Ŵ͵Ц
ʱֹգ˵ǵˣԴ½ص˽׻½Ҫһʦǵķɡ
ǧ̽ϢԺˡ
ϲͬҲ˷ܣʶһһ͸һÿǳҲ֪еʦ᲻ᶼġ
ף˵¸μ𣿡ϲգŴ۾Щһ䡣
ģ˷ܣǧ˵츳ôã϶ġ
ϲֶµӡ󻹲˷ֱܵ֡
ǧˣЦҡҡͷǰ¸һ£ϲˣŶµӡҲܲ
ϸϸţɫƵĶȷ
ǧʰһ˵֣ǿȥأ˵ر࣬ʱɱλӶ
ϲҲһֽȸУ߿ߣǿߡ
ڳڵһ޴յϣ⴦յҲܲͨ˵ǻʵΪר޽ģʵΪ˺ÿڿյרŵһ޴ͼڡ
Ǹͼһֻİ׻׻½ϡ
˵µͼڣϿҲһ鷽ţǹηҲʪߣ͹ۿˡ
˴ֱʣҲ˺ôһʽңǻʵ׻½ģôһȽңҲûʲô
ǧȥʱЩ˶ѾˣвߣҲвٹۿߡ
׺öˡϲּˣһ̾
ǧһͬһЦ˵ȷܶ࣬Ƕʤ֮˵Ŀɡ
ϲҧָͷš
Ҳ˼ۣûʲôõģ㽫Ŀ˻
ģյֶյɲˣȻô˻ļ¡
ǧһƣкЩ˶ǴӱĴ½ʦǰһɫ߰һı춼ߵӡ
˼ۣЩθڣֻǻѣбҪô߰
ҩõɫ£ǲ·ñǿ׳찡
Ҳ̫˰ɡ


1169 ҲȤ

˼ۣǧûʲôףֻһףһر˵θڵ֡
ףûƼ¸硣ϲֱ죬Сֹǲɣ츳ãҲ̫ϧˡ
ǧü۲Уʱδڸ·ϰɡ
ָ⣬ͷҲЩż²Ļ˭츳Ǵʤˣ˼츳òôã
뵽˴ǧüͷ
ʶ˷ǧļ򣬵ģӦǻġ
ǧͷһۣںֳһĨЦ⣬㶼˵ˣ
ãü֮ҲȾ˵Ц⡣
ֹЩʱֶ͸Ⱥǧ˫һ񿴵ˡΣҺ񿴵ˡǧקקε䣬Щõ˵š
ŤͷȥȷһϤӰȷ¡
ϲЩ˷ܵţ˵ģɷµע̨ϣһ´꣬һʱҲô
¸ע̨ϣ˼ˡϲֶ˶СָͷЩί˵š
ǧЦǱ㲻˰ɣʤˣǱϾҪ͵͵ȥ˵ġ
ϲסԼС죬ǱͲˡ
ǧЦЦܿͷ̨϶һ㣬Ǹȼš
˵ֻҪȼչˣıͽˣʱ˭뵽ֻ̨Ҫȥġ
Щۿ߾ûٹˣʲôʱ򶼿ǰۿᱻȥ
̨Ҳ޽˺öۿϯλͲλķλą̃ܽϵıС
ǧˣŷȥõλӣۼֿ죬ϾҰõλӡ
λǰ棬ֻҪ̧һܽһ
Ȼôõλӡϲֿĵֱ֣Ұãܹ
ǧͷЦȻˣȻҪһȽϲλˡ
ϲ۾Цݴδȥ
յ˵ĹעȻԶڻʹеİ׻ʵ۶ˣһ̫Ĵӵ»
̻ͦ󣬿˵Ĺע㶼ϣĵûôע⣬ֱӽ䵽һߡ
׻ʵۼԼĮˣɫһ뵽ЩʦǴӲͬ½ģ츳ǾˣǱ£ҲõЩ츳ʦ
ȻպǴ½ҪûԴ
׻ʵ뵽˴ŲԼλϡ
ûã¯еȼϣȼոɾѾرգ˭Ҫ֮⡣
ʦǶⳡģˣûһٵ֮ġ
Ӯⳡлˣ˷ܵ˯ˡ
ⳡ췽Ҳ֪˭صĲ¶棬ֻСǰ֣ЩСҲȾˣȫѰūš
ǧ˼ۣ۾ЩС˸ȾˣǴͨгģЩͷ췽˰ɣ
°Ͳ²
γһۣɤǳǳģֲ²Ҳ޿ܡ
ǧһ˫һɫȴɵģĳСоߵ
˵䣬ǧŤͷ㿴һƬѩɫ½ǽ֮£ҫۣѩżʥζ
ǧ΢Ҫϸʱ򣬱㿴ǰתü󣬺峺ˮһſոϤޱȡ
Ȼ˾ôҲˣǴֵ
ǧ۾ϸϸ˾Ҳżɻ
˾ӦŤͷһɲĿԡ
ǧüͷޱ顣
˾䴽һЦɲ°ʤա
ȫǼ˺ϲ˷䣬ǧʦҲۿ𣿡
ǧһЦȴɵĮĺܣǰǶͦȤģƣ˾ǰҲȤ𣿡
ǰܸȤ˾ƿ꣬ü両ֵĵЦ磬˸оͦ
ǧЦĿȴżɡ
ֻǶȤбĿģ
ǧϸϸţȴûнЩϡ
˾üۣЦºͣҸոʱ򣬻ˣȸ½ʥŮǧѩҲܸȤ
ǧŤͷһȻǧѩǲԶĵطĿͶһۡ



1170 ߵ츳

ǧνʼ磬ͬżֲѺãͬѩֱӰǧѩŵƿĿ⡣
䴽һЦڳ˼ڽ
˾ֽĿͶϣڻɬ
ǧδ֡
β˾ĺڵ˫ø䣬һѼʵı䣬񣬴żϢС
˾Цţƺʲôûһ
ۣøˣմȾī֭飬·ôϴɾ
˾޶ãЦЦٴο˵Ƽ˾ͺˣ˵츳ã֪ǲǳʲôͷۡ
ǰ˵ЦͷأֲħޡǧЦŵ٩һ䣬ǰҲû𣿡
˾̧˫󣬡أƼֻ´ʦҲûɡ
Լ̧̧֣Ƥӣɤѩ翣ҵȷûм
˾Цͬ硣
ǧüﷺֹ˾ʲô˼ǵ
˵ҲȤ
ǧ֪룬ֻܰﴧ⣬ȴֲҿ϶üͷš
˾££䣬鵭̧Ŀ˲̨ϣʱ̨ϵѾʼв߶Ѿʼˡ
ÿ˶ַΪ죬ͺѾǧٴƵġ
ǧôҲ벻ͨûҲĿͶ̨ϣȻǷ֣Щ˵кµַΪ졣
ʱΪ棬˫֮иǵ㣬ӣϲַü죬ָ͸һ
ɿģֻһѲӰ˿С
Ǹ˵ַ죬ҶƲ˾ƿ꣬˵¡
ǧ֪˾ͬԼ˵˲ͷȷʵĺܣѧԺѧ澭Ķࡣ
˾˼ţƬ̧Цлӱӱܵõ˵ƾܼˡ
䲻ˣǧüͷ塣
˾ǰôȤǧüƺżּ
Ȼ˾ЦЦ󷽳ϣи̹̹ģ룬ǧǿ϶Ҳ˸Ȥԣڳ˶˸Ȥңֻһѡ
ǧеļҲȥ˼֡
û
ڳ˿϶˸ȤҲˡ
˾ⷬٶҲûʲôԣ̫ˡǧһекͲ¼ȫѹȥֵǵģҵȷ˺ܸȤϾƳˣ϶ͨ
˾Цĺڵ˫ȴɬѱ棬˿
ʱǧѩҲǵķ򿴹ǧвһɫ
Ҫǻ᳤Ըˣȥǧ鷳ˡ
ܣǱ᳤֪ˣ϶Բ˶ߡ뵽˴ǧѩ̿ˮֻ۾ǧ鵹û
ܵߣǧüһЦܾЩ֡
ƽǧѩ͹аˣɽվסֻ۾ţȴٳٲϳ֣ǧѽ
Ѳɣ֪Լѧˣ
˵ķԼ
һ֣ǧǾЩĺãĻ˱ͱһ֪
ǧָ⣬Ŀȴһֱ̨ϣʱ̨ϵĲѾʹƺˡ
ߴԹӦǧˣһ̭Ҫǧѡһ˼μı
˵Ǻܲпģŵһ־Ҫ̭ôˣֱǵҩҪпᡣ
ǧζţҲʶ˲ٲΪɫõѡʦļν
˾ˣ䴽һЦĿһֱµϣҹȻûˣλ˵츳ȷƵвõġ
ǧĿĵģȷʵĺܡǰҲ¸Ȥˣ
˾ḧŪϵϣЦ󣬡Ȼ츳õţٻһЩȤлĻһ
ǧ󣬲ͷԭˣǻлġ
ûãһ̭ѾˣǧѾֻ̨һ˻棬УȻ¡
£ǵ츳ʵġ
ף¸ϲЦеģͷ·վ̨ϵһ
ǧЦͷºͣȷʵĽֻһ̭һ˶Ծİ֮Ҫѡ˲μܾ



1171 ⻹⣿

ϲһֱ鷳
ȻҪСȥЩ鷳ϲҧָ⣬˵ŵһ꣬𣿡
ǧЦЦڶ࣬ȫһ겻ɵģʱЩҪ
ϲһҲǡ
ЩߴһҪʱѡʦһѡ춼ҪˣټһŲҪ͸֧ˣֱ¡
ǾɡϲŤͷֿǧʵףջ𣿡
ǧȻҪġ
ϲֻ֡
˾ŷϲƣûһͽĿ˻ȥҲ֪Щʲô
һ̭Ѿ̨ϵһѡֶˣ˺ͷߵüɢһ
ϲּæǿĵػӻ֣¸磬
ڶҲ¾÷ϤŤͷһǿ˷ϲǸɰСӣ˫һֻͷ⻶ϲ
Ȼڰ׻½Ү·˷䣬Щ˹ȥǧҲ׻½ˣ
¹ǧһĨЦ⣬ǰǵȻҪˡ
һһЦҲЩģҲԲμӵġ
츳ôãμӲſϧˡǧµüۣ״˵һ䣬ţֻҪʤлҵˣҪúðջᰡ
˵ҵʱвûκμ֮ɫͷ·ϰΪһ
һЦֻ뿴ԼΣʲôĻûôע
ǧһдɻ󣬿ȴûб¶ȵָ£˶ҵˣȴ룬ֻ뿴ԼΣҿɵ˰ɣҵѰܼģڸᣬ㾹Ȼ̫ע
ͷһʱҲ֪˵ЩʲôֻڲЦš
ǧģͷҲ˼ֲ²⡣
˾һԾţİҲ֪Щʲô
ϲŶӣܾЩˣµ°ڣ¸磬ҪͬһȥԷ𣿡
ԷµĶһ죬ȻЩߣȻҪôȥԷǰǰϲȴûз֣Цģĺܣ˰Ǹһ칦ΰ
칦磿һֺ˫նˣһ͸ƻһ
ѽ칦硣ϲСԴ˫Щ޹ģճС̹һر¸ҪԴϴһ𣬱þû¸ˡ
¼׺ߣҲһر꣬ŷϲ峺ҳڴ˫ôҲܾˡ
ðл´
ӦϲָΪ˼֣Сȭͷ¸ӦˣףǿЩȥ¥һӲƷɡ
ɡǧͷռĹҵȫǽң
һӲƷ˵Ǿţһëѡ
̧̧üۣϵĺԾδȥ
һԵ˾ദǢü۲һһĨҲкȴֺܿȥˡ
칦簡˾վһ䡣
ǧüͷ壬Цһ䣬˾ǰҲȥ
һֱδķҲǲ䵽˾ϣζ
˾ӵ˵Ŀ⣬ЦЦޱȣҺȥЩ飬ҲȥˣźĽ
Ҫ¶
ǧ´˾һۣȴûʲô仯˾ǰʲôͿȥæõˣǾͲˡ
˾ҾҾиˡ
䣬ת뿪ǧվԭأһֱıӰֱʧǧŽĿ˻
ôˣγǳûɤ֮дһɳƣܿͺˡ
ǧüֻۣü۾£һĨƽܶԺеķҲƽˡ
ƿ꣬ĺܣûʲôֻǾ˾ͻȻ֣ɺϣĿģҾܶҵ˸Ȥ
γĬһǿڵеˣ˸Ȥ
ˡǧֹһ㽫ĿͶϡ
²գ۾ǧЩãȻЩ޹һʱֻÿɰĽ
Ǹ󣬵Сްǧֻһۣ㽫ĿջأЦ߰ɣȥѡλӣһ˶ˡ
һæ뿪⴦յأȥ¥λˡ


1172 Ϊ˹δ

ϵİ׻Ǹ֣ƻϸƣǸﲻ
еһȴǳζ
иֶ򿪴ӣɫһ˫˫İ
źµөϥأĿҹ᳤
ڿŴɫ
өɵϥأģ
ãвǲʵ׼飬׼𣿡
өƿ᳤꣬飬µȻѾˡ
ۿө񣬡ˣûκβ֮𣿡
өͷʣż֮ɫȻѾˣʱ֮˾ҲӲȥʱǾͳҽץߣΪá
˫еЦ˼֣££ۣҺãǹʵ̫࣬ǵõ֮ˣǹͻ׳
өҲһЦ⣬ǰ˵ȷ̫࣬óʱ򹫻еˡ
ټҵ츳ʱһѼƷ²ɳư½
һ룬өϵЦݸŨ
Ц֮󣬱ǷϣϵĲյǿʵ沿ˣûκε©
ҲЩ©ˡөԥѾֻһ±ᶯ֣ʱңǲҲѷˡ
ƵƵͷҲΪөһоͶˣ˷еĲΪ˺ڰδĪˡ
ө˵ף᳤õġ
аڰ֣ʾөȥɵөҪȥʱæǽסʵЩӣǧѩʲôûͱʲô¨ӣ
өһ£ǰؼ᳤㾯棬ҲûǸӡ
áһѽյ飬ĺڵ˫һɫǹȱˣҲὫߣ¶Ҳ⽫Ĩɱ
өҲǧѩ˵ԺͷҲһɱ⣬ˡ
׾ȥɡٴΰڰ֣̫࣬Ȳ˵
өͷǣûñת뿪
뿪ıӰеɫҡŲ豭ڵĲˮ˫Ʊ仯ǳ
ֻϣһսܹɹõԺǹʵٴαǿ
ǸѪѪЩԺٶҲ١
неĲ豭£ȴһЦģȴִżɭ֮⡣
ҹܳ紵ţһ⡣
ա
̫𣬽ȫɢˡ
ǧһů˹Ĺ۾ڻżɫ
ҲٴҲ۾ǧʵڣֻ˫һˮɵģż޹㯣һգʱٷǳ
ͷˡ
κһҲƶ˼ȶȣƳͷɫɵģͷ·Ƶġ
Σʲôʱ˰ǧ۾Ϊδ˯ѣ˶ЩԺģҲ˼ֽһ
δδ˵üͷ˫纣·ܽˣˡ
ǧҲʲôǷһ˲˫ʣͷ·һˮһ
εɫøǧҪ̻ˡ
ǧĴҲоһЩŤͷΣΪΣΪ㿴ңʲôԵĵط𣿡
ûСγ̽Ŀ˻ȥҲеһѹȥ
Ҳڴ˿̣ǧڸоһЩɾֵĽûʲô
ղҪԵĸоô£
ҡҡͷɫû¡
ǧ䴽ЦһΪôˣˡˣǿЩϴɱ𵢸ȥʱ
üá
ʰһԺ˳ͱˡ
Ƭյش
Ļ磬ȥʱյشУȴࡣ
ǧѡҰλӣһѡֱռˣټȲһ֪Ǻǵģ԰Ƕǡ
λǼõġϲСƤϲ̵Ц
ǧЦЦ˵Ϳ˾ڿյشһȦһȦյشһԵľСûзŹ
ǣڸʲô
ǧԽĿ䵽ϣþöƿ
˾ûһڿյţ··



1173 ϵĿ佱

ʲôأ

ʲô
һʱ䣬ɻǧԺţþòɢȥ
ôˣ˳߿ȥͿһϮµ˾˾ôˣֵģ
ǧĿջأ˵ҿһֱڿյ߶յԵƫƧСŹܾЩ
ͷ·ʲôҪһ
󣬴΢΢ƿǾãϤܱߵ𣿡
ǧŤͷ˼ۣҲЩȻԼһ
Ҳ˾ϤΣǧ˫һ˲˲ŷơ
΢£һ䣬ȴǺһĨЦǾֻ֣һͣȻڿյشȥѲڿ羰
ǧȻ֪˵Щʲô
ѽ
ǾˣҲֻ뵽ڹ۲ΣʲôǧһʱҲ˵һȻ
ûã˾뿪Ƭյˣ΢䣬ѩƮ裬ʱƽ˼ʥࡣ
ǧһۣܿ콫Ŀ˻Ҳ֪ʲôܾûʲôٵҪ
üͷˣǾϸЩ
ǧͷɡ
ǧΧλѾˣ˾ȥһλѾֻգѰ˿λӾ
ʹüۣںƶЩź
ǧڿ̨ϷһУδע⵽˾ܵźĨźƽ˼ֹܣ˿ľս
ܿ죬˾䴽Ц𣬾һ͡
ʱܾݱš
ʦʹŬеһʱ䶣ڿյƣӲ
ǧϸţһٸ˶ǾӢַΪ죬ָⷭתЩС
Ȼоˡ
ַ죬ָת͸Ƶģ죬һӾʢ磡
ƽ󣬻ر𰮿ޣʱ࣬ÿҲ࣬·ڶԴĳϡ䱦һ
һ貲顣
ǧĦԼֱЦƽܰ޿ģû뵽һĹߣͻ࣬һһ
һۣȴû˵
ǧпһԺ󣬾ͿʼĿ
Ҳ֪˶ą̃ڽƺˣЩһѱһѾ£ºڷ⣬ʤա
ǿƷʵԺ󣬲һꡣ
찡ǼƷЩʦ츳øߡ
֮꾹Ȼܿôţоֵˡ
ǿǱǸƵá
һָ£󣬰ˢˢ£һ˫˫͸С״һϴ̽š
̣ܵ죬ߵرޡӣЩƻģÿ¡պѡʦ佱ˣ˵Ƶõġ
ѽҲǵÿѡʦ佱һ飬˵Ƶõġ
ƵõġǿһѼƷУôۣһ
ڰǲϿţһʱĿ¶ȥ
ʦһɫ۱䣬̶³˵⡣
С츳ȻãǵĿȫȥʵ̫
ʦ׼£ȫɫ
ɺߵĽȫ֪ԼѾˡ
ѡʦۿʱ䲻ˣæǿ˵ȻѾƺˣǾһһɡ
ʦһ˼Ѫһȿֺؽ˹ȥ
գգ۾׼˼˵̫ˡ
һһܿͱѡˣ¾òˣҲԼƵ˹ȥ
ϵʱ򣬼ѡʦȫ̾
죡
ʵ̫ˣ
µʱȻڲϷ⣬ڵƲ۾ټƷʵھˣͲһЩҪĽ׶ˣ
ǰҲŶʮѣȻƳôţƵʵڽǴ۽硣
ǽ𣿡ѡʦǿ£صͷֵƵͺܲȴԶûн˾޺;̾
գգ۾ģ˵һ䣬ղ̭𣿿϶Ҫ͵һЩġܾȻҪƵĺһЩ
ѡʦٴξ
ѲɣŴѶȣıƷʣ
ǵܾҪƳˣ
졭侹Ȼˣ



1174 ʲô

ѡʦǽ£ĿдżָӺ;ᣬǵŤ˼˵ıƷʣ
µͷȫ֪Ϊôᣬᰡ𣿡
ѡʦǵɫŤ
ѣ
ֱȵ컹ѣ
Ȼ˵ᣬһãȻ
СӼֱҪ
ѡʦɫһһ׵ģһʱø˵һ仰
վһ࣬Щ޹ؿǣӣ˵
⵱ȻѵģǣҲǲġѡʦ˵һ䡣
סգ۾Щȵظ̾һ䣬ôʱѾˣһΪе˶ء
ѡʦҪѪ
ʱͻˣ

ŰɡԲԣǱ̬
ѡʦŶͷֻԴЩۣ˼ܾʱƳˣ
䴽ЦøⵥҲãǰƳġ
ܼ򵥰ǰЩѾˡ
ѡʦô˵ЩȣɵҲľˣͻıƷʣôѵļܶᣬƲ
ǳǰ˰ѡʦǲпһ䣬ǰѾɳ̲ˣƳʱ˿϶ģͰɡ
ʶͷʵԼʵģʲôûʲôȤ
ƺõת뿪
ʱ򡭡
ʦ´˷ͷɫҲŤ
ıƷʣƳǵɫˡ
СҲ̫˰ɣȻô԰ڡıƷʣƳڷƨȡѡ
ʦҧгݵģ׼һСˡ
¿Ҫ߹ʱʦǶһۣȫССĻ
Ҳõһѽ˳
ֻá顱һеֱˤ˵ϣҲˤˡ
۵ѳݣʼˣӣۡ
ʦˣЦžȻ·ߣžȻˤˡ
µʹԴëһˮ顣
ʦЦøΪˣţôڵϰЩɡ
˵ţһʦƺҪ
գ۾͸ˮһʱҲû룬Ͱ˹ȥ
ַŽ˵ĵʱֱһ֣ƿˡ
ٴˤڵأ۵鶼Ťһ£ʲô
ʦڰ֣ЩǸԲ𣬶Բҵֻһ¡
ʱ¾ٱҲ˹Ƿǹģ󣬹ˤģЩΪʲôô
ǹĶԲԣûǣΪҪµ۾ЩģҲˣ۾ȫŭɫ
ǾǹôʦݺݵһۣǾǿǸ֪ߵغģһѺЩ͵ˣΪԼǸʲô
һǵͨ죬Щ˺ûû
ûеΡ½һ䣬ӵ
ʦˣż¡
ʲôʱһŮ
ʦһ㶣ͷʱ򣬾Ϳǧվ̨£ǡ
ͷţһ˲ǵͣˣ̿ˮЩǧ˫Ǻˣղͬ˵𣿡
ǧֶһ廪ʮ㣬Ҿͬ˵أµѣҾʲôҼôڵˣ
ʦû뵽»Ʊ˵ѣͷ·Ϊʵıһ
һʣƿ϶Ϊˡ
ʦǺٺһЦŹûղֵ·ûȣˤ˵ϣ׼ء
𣿡ǧʣ
ʦֻȫڱһʹӣҲͰˣǻо䣬ͬɽ˷ǳ
ŮӵҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
ʦǹһЦǧĿҲȫˣǸղ뽫¸
ǧĿӹǣܿƵϣ뽫
̧ǧһۣ˫ʱõģͺҵĹһǰǹŪҵģҲ֪Ϊʲô
һʦǲԭء
ǻˣ϶Ὣִ󣬿Сô£ϧִҲҪ״



1175 ΪҪ

ңôˣǸ״ˣһŮΣ
Ůǿ󣬿վֻһˣܽΣ
ʦһԼڶ࣬ҲûǧУ֮ҲһǧĿж˼ֲ⡣
棿ǧƿ꣬һ䣬ǽƵڵصģ
ʦǺǺһЦǰСŲ˳ۣˣô𣿡
ǿʦŮҪΣѡʦҲֵģΣʼնǰȫġ
ǧҲ뵽һ㣬ûóȻ֡
ʱ򣬷κͷϲҲ˹
ʦǼˣһ㶣Ȼа֡
һȲź£ͷ׵ӣɽѩһͲǺǵ
ʦ̿ˮһʱ䵹ҲΡ
γǿһۣܿͽĿ䵽ǧϣʵôˣ
۸¡ǧһɨǳ
γǼΪѡʦһۣڲ֣̫ܳ㡣
֪ǧһ´꣬ڳִѡ֣ᱻϳյأԶٽ룬ǻʵҲС
ʦ½Ĺ屦һ˺һ־Ӣʦ
Щʦǿ׼һ㣬Ÿ˲ġ
ǧһֱ㽫״˵°²ܶΣ԰
ңգ۾Щ⡣
ѽ㡣ǧüĽ͵ܾϽȫſˣ˵һ㲻ǾͿԳ𣿡
һʦǷ׷ײ
СӶȻǽҲŵõѡʦǵ͵ģܾ˭ʤ˭һء
Ů˾ҿڳԣֱûǷ
ʦȻҲûиǧֻǾţȫǷŭ֮顣
Ǳˣǧʼ磬еЦŨ˼֣ô𣿡
ʦǸΪߣȻˣСûپ飬ܵõѡʦǵʹңҪʤǼֱǳ롣
ǧʼ磬ȴҲûӻ
ȴĻԺ˫ǰҪ͸һϸ£ʱȫſˣǺ
ǧ˵úܶԣһӱŬȡõһȫſµġ˵ţҲȼһŷš
ʦһƺڳЦµԲ
ûʲôо˫ģǴżֱʤ
ȺʦĽֱӷˡ
ˣǧҲת뿪ֻЩʦԭش۵С۵ġ
˼ǧܱߵЩͷ·˷һֵĽ
ͣ½ŲüͷҲһֽŵµʪʪģɫҲǱġ
ö˶˵ΪʲôҪأ
ǧôЩΣ˼־衣
˳߿ȥҲüͷЩб˷ĺۼԲŻҲʪ󡣡
˵ǧƿ꣬Ц˵һ䣬㾹ȻһҲбĺۼɺö˶˵ģΪҪأЩ𣿡
ε֮һȷЩΡ
Ŭ˼ʱһСģ˹˹ˣ˵𣿡
˻ЩؿСһۡ
СЦЦֵЩģǱǵĿסˣλˣСĲʲôˣܱܲСģСЩ¡
ǺˣΪ͵˵ǧ۾ɲɢ
СſˮźСרŴɨյصСˣǰЩзԸСĽһ飬˵ҪʲôľСŸǽһ˭֪ܾȻˡ
ǧȻ
û뵽龹˼򵥣ղԺлܶ²⣬Ͳıۣ˭룬Ϊ
ǧοһۣ˲¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҲˣҲû뵽򵥣ĸͲһ鱾أأ
üͷһʱҲ˵һȻ
ǧС˿һۣصɫѹȥʵֻΪô𣿰֪ȫ˵
С˼࣬Ҳҵ֪ȫ˵˳Ҷйأûκ쳣֮
ǧüͷٴ˼֡
Ȼֻô򵥡ԣмûʲôıˣ



1176 ǸӰ~

Сſˮһ䣬λˣСѾ֪ȫ˵ˣܲСˣСĻкöҪ
ǧڰ֣ʾ뿪ˡ
С˼ˣæ뿪
С˵ӰʧǧֹȻֻô򵥣ҸղһѶôûˣ
ղʲôβһ䡣
ǧ°ͣ룬ôķ϶򵥣ټϺڰ᳤ѾˣԲͣ취½üȮҡ
ʵʲô
ǧƿ꣬뵽ȫ˵˳ڰǸ˾޿ײ룬ܶǽУܶж˷֣ԸղŷʱŻ˻᲻Ѿˡ
΢٣ֵʵ֤Һˡʵѡ
һδڿʪʱɫøΪ˵ҪĪˡ
ǧͷס
ϲһһģЩ棬ףǳʲôģģ
ǧЦӲᣬªġ
ϲһ¶һĨȻô
ǧ΢Ŵ꣬ô˵˾Ҫȫɾ
Զԣɾϲϲ̵˵
⴦طվһ뿪
뿪֮һɫӰͻȻ֣뿪ķɼ˼֡
ʱ򣬸ղС˴֣ߵǰĵˣСѾķԸ˵ˣǲӦгŵˣ
ӵͷܿͽһӽҶУ˽ҸϿ뿪
С򴽽ǣͷвٽң䴽Цٺ٣С뿪뿪
СŽҴӣת뿪ȫ֮ɫЦҲ仨һ
뿪ıӰ¶һĨ֮ɫǸ̰ĵûöѾΧúˣʱǳ֣Ȼܹܡ
뵽˴еЦΪԣǳɢ貵ĹâЩҫ۾
ԭվһת뿪
ǧǲ֪뿪󾹻ᷢһ飬֪ˣ϶ʶͲ򵥣֮¿϶ĳ
ǲ֪ҲڳţܿͷΪԵʣϵİձն˺öࡣ
һкö̯λ˵ЩǲµģҲ֪Ǽ٣Ż㲻ɡ
ǧֻһۣȱȱؽĿ˻ռﻹкЩƵģƷʲҪ̫á
ﻹῴС̯λϵأ
ڳϹһǻصլˡ
ȥԺǧһ뵽ЩµʪͷһֲĸоɾĲ˵һȻ
֮ĺ÷ǧ̫ѨҲһĨɫ
ôˣ֮ЩԾβЩǵؿһۡ
ǧ̾ϢһʵҲûʲô뵽ЩʪȻС˵ҪģһǾЩ
εЦԴ˼ˣòǿȥյ̽һʱܰ˶Բԣ
ǧһ˫ʱæǵͷɣȥһοյذɣȻҽֻҪ˯ˡ
εͷȫ
ףҲҪȥϲҪȥᳶһǧ°ڡ
ǧŽһ˶լҲȫ;Ҳһˡ
ʰһյش
ܿ죬˱˿յش
裬ʱʱƮҲ⴦طɭѣվڽͷĸоʵڹĽ
ϲ̿ˮʶסǧףôоطЩɭɭģ񲻼򵥡
ǧҲĸоڲһĨɫȷɭĺܣͷ·վڷͷһ
ϲȫһ¡
ȻǷͷĸо
̫ˡףűϲֱִۣЩµ˵һ䡣
ǧһ䣬ЦɣҲһ˵û뵽㵨С
ǸӰϲֱ죬Щ˵һ䡣
ǧЦǱԼӸȾٿǰķ羰ʱҲûɭУͦƽġ
ΣΧйŹ𣿡ǧһ䡣
ƿҲûرŹֻ֮ˣЩ⡣
ǰǧ۾˵
ûгĬˡ



1177 ˺

ףǲ𣿡ϲͻȻֻͿЩȥطʵ̫ɭˣǳϲ
ԣһɡǧӣֳ֡
μˣҲǿӣһڱǼϸϸţȴֻŵʪζдżζһƮǼ⡣
ǧҲǾһѣȴδųʲôŹֵĵط
ͨζûʲôѲɣֻͨǧüͷȻЩţٴһţζǺͨһ
ζǰò
ǧüͷøҲвͣطֹ
νе£ֻͨ
˵»᲻жأǧŵµ·Ҫ͸Ķ
᲻Żأ
ͷһôҲֹסǧȡذ׿ʼ
ûͦģϧȴûа˵ӰӣһƬ½ǶûпǧˣĲţôᣬȻʲôûСĪֻ̫ͨˣ
μ¿տҲ΢ȴֺܿƽƿʲôûУ̫ˣȻˣȻȥɡ
ȥɣסϲֿͰ͵سǧ°ڡ
ûʲôɲ飬ǧֱӵͷߵʱ򻹰˽ȥ
һ֮뿪
һߣлɫУ»֣˫Ҳ
󻹸ө
өǧ뿪Ӱ˵ǻУȻ鵽ˣڻ᳤׼ȻҪǷˡ
Цһ󣬡ʱͿƬطǻһС˲ǽȥ£ǾȻɻˡ
᳤֪ҲөУԺ
аָ⣬һǵһˣȥҲҵ֮УۼЩȣǹȻ˲һϸĽ
өϸˣûκ⣬Ҳô˰ɣ
жɫ̾ǰҲôˡ
ө˷ܣֻҪǽǴǵļƻճʵˡ
û˵ǿڵǲƳˣĪˡ
ө֪Լһ᳤Ĺǣæǵͷףκβġ
һֱҲĸɽ˵һ䣬ɫü˲һ̲
ө򴽽ǣЩ¶᳤ĺ񰮡
аڰ֣Ǳȥ׼ɣգһӲҪ򡣡
өҾת뿪ˡ
өߺ󣬰пȻɫһ˫øŽŵͻȻЦЩζ
ʱᴵţһһɭ
ҹܣ˵
գܾʼ
ϻֵƧС˿̱øⰲۿȫڹϯϣûһ˻С
ǧǺʱҲˣΪ磬ѡλҰɼãֻҪһ̧̨ۣܽϵһ
ףܾˡϲЩСС˷ܣ˵¸Ƴ񼶵𣿡
ǧ̨ϵ¿һֻۣ࣬Ǹ˵󻰵ˣ˵ԣӦþǿԵİɡ
ϲΪϲˣ¸硭
ǧһۣȴû˵
ϲ˷ܵĺܡ
ʱ˾ҲˣǧߣƳضܵõ˵ʱ򣬶ܼˡ
ǧ󣬷ܵӦһǰ
˾䴽һЦҲû̬ȵ䵭
ǧĿջأٿ˾
˾Цºͣһȫӣʮִȡ
ʱܾѾչ̨վʦһѡʦ޲ڵ¡
ճ۸µ
ʦµ˺üۣһûеӡ
ȫûע⵽ǵ飬ҪƳͱȫԸС
ʦ²ˣЩߡ
СҲ̫˰ɣȻ˶ΪԼƳˣ
ƣڴѣʱƲǾ׼ʹЦ
һ룬϶¶Ц̣һֲЦرĶġ
ϲּˣ죬ף˵ıöİڿ¸𣿡


1178 

ǧҲ̧˹ȥֻ˵ıȷĵĺܣͷ·ǿһ㣬ڳӡ
ǧһֱάֲ˶õģȵƳֻˡ
뵽ģϲϵЦݸŨѽʱǻúˣҲNɪˡ
ǧջĿ⣬ͬ䴽ЦЦ
ʱȥʦǻδƺãϾܾȻиôҲóõʵ̫첻У̫ҲУǡôС
ֹ˰ʱʦڽƺˡ
ǽȡڷ⣬ֻһۣ֪ʲôƷǵƷʸǼƷǿһ۾ӵС
ˣܾƳ˴۽硣
ǰⱲӶûôõƵĻҪðɣ
ȷǺһЩġЩΣˡ
²˵Ƴ𣿡
һڰ겻ѣ
Ƴ
ڰձʾɣǸ²ŶʮɣôƳ񼶵˵ڴɡڰյĿȫ˹ȥǶµĹעҲ½һЩ
ʦˣ¶һĨʤ΢Ц
Ǿֻ֪ҪһЩܽǸСҲѹȥȻرۣоҪȥһƳԽ޵ţǻǺܿĵġ
һҪԽǣͱƳˣ
ʦ˫ֻأһϷؿ¡
޶ã
ʦˣеŭѻһ𣬽һʰ
˫ֻأֱ˵µĲǣСӻĿˣȻһۡ
Ҳѹ֣ƣȻҪ취Ƴˣйǡ
Ƴ𣿵ʱ򣬿ɱЦ
һһľ˵µĲǣһԽԽ˷ܣҲղסˡ
ȫûǵӰ죬ĿһֱϣܿճʱȥЩ
ʦԽԽЩ˵Ҳǲʹģҧҧ̼ͷڮ١
ɾˣǶµҲԽԽˡ
Сװģʵڶġ
ڶ¸߸˵ȫᱻûһһǽƺˡ
ͨԲ
˵ѾƳ
뷨һ˼֣ѡʦҲˣҪ񼶵εġ
£Щǿѡʦ˵һ䡣
µͷæǽƺõݵУһɫһӫ⣬ڷ⣬Ưǳ
ѡʦ鼤ؽ˹Ĺر۾һӾͽѡʦǵĿ˹ȥ
Ϸô꣬ǵһμ񼶵
ҲǵһμܸоѾ޺ˡ
ԭǳӵģţһɰ֮Ʈɢ޷ӡ
ѡʦǿһŤͷ¡
±ǿûëëģƮȥǵĿ⡣
ѡʦǿһᣬǿˣ£츳ǼõģȻƳĵһĪ
ţʵѵð
ѡʦֿһֱӿġ
ʦˣֱӾԭء
СӾȻƳ
ġⲻܡôᣬôƳأ
ʦڷţôҲû뵽»ǻΪǳСڴꡣ
˭룬ǽɱĴֲ
ʦٲϣҲֻʵǰģݲǲϡ
˶һۣЩֱֱڵأݲҰס
ϲָǣЩϲ˵һ䣬ףɫˣǲ˰
ǧȫ̿УЦʱֻ̣ˣƲ񼶵
ϲЦŵ֣ͲˬǺܾˡ
ʦ̱ڵأôվ
ѡʦһʱҲûעǣֻǽĿŵϣ°ĵһʵ飬ǻὫһĽ䷢㡣
գգ۾ԽʲôҲûʲôоӲҪԼֻˡ
ƷһЩϣЩѡʦֱۺ죬ˣЩµģôҲò



1179 

ǰĽƷЩӶ䣬л
Ʒ뵽ռԺת뿪
ѡʦǼˣæסˣȵһ¡
¶½ŲЩؿǣôˣ
ѡʦæóһ¯һƳɵ㣬Ƴɵ㣬ȼ
²ףѡʦǳ͵ģֻҪһȼƮɫ˵˲㣬Ʈɫ˵㱻˿ˡ
һ㣬Ʈɫɫͬ
һ˽Զ˺档
ѡʦôõģѲɣǺ˼ˣ
֪Щʲôѡʦæڰ֣Ҽ˰ΪͻȻģһֽ֪½׼ר츳õģԵ˵ġ
һǸǻȻ
صˣȻԵ˶ôɫ
¶ǰ㣬ָͷҧҧҲûֳκεļ
ЩȥȼɡѡʦȴǴߴһ䣬ܼˣ϶á
򴽣ʵʢȴ
ֻ¯ȥһԵȼˡ
ȣƮǰɫģ˵㻹δʼѰԵˣģЩƮڸıɫ
ǧסһ˲˲ضǰ
㣬׻ƮɫǺɫأ
ǧһĻ˾̨ϵӶûգһ¡
˵ĺµܼܲˡô⣬Щʲô
££䣬˾һۣдżӺʹ
δܿ˾Ҳ
˾ܿͺĿˣʦ²עɫʲôҲѹ֣ʦƽȻע˵¶
ǰ״͸ɫԵأôע˵£Ϊʲô
˾ЦÿȻǶ˺氡ǰ˵𣿡
һŽĿ˻ȥ
˾īɫƮݳ鲻һ
ʱ򡭡ǸƮͻȻɺɫˡɫʹҪ¡
ⷬ󣬰ǶվѡʦҲǼػ
ˣȻҵԵˡҹȻûСӣȻĳΪҵԵˡѡʦһп
СǸģܼҲƾű£ȻûҲΪҵԵˣ
ֹǾǧҲ궯е壬˲¾Ȼܼˣۿⳡûп
˵Ͼ֪Լˣϲͬ
ǧЦͷǰϾ֪ˡ
ʱ˾Ҳ֣ȴûбֳǲɫġ
˲ͷ΢·ڴʲôţ˿͸
ǧΪ̫δע⵽һС
εעȫǧϣҲû̫ע⡣
ʱ򡭡ѡʦǼؽһƽУ£öƵ¥ϣȻġ
½ӹƣɫ糣
û뵽Ҫʲô˰춼ܼǵͷɵƳĸ¥ȥ
¥ѾںþˣʷԶȴ貲ͨǸȥģֻҪƾܽ뵽档
ſˮЩĽؿеơ
ܹõͺˡҲֻ룬Ʋܹӵеġ
뵽˴ǵɫҲ̱޹⡣
ʱѾóƳľǰ׷˽ȥһ룬ޱȵľŲһ£漴֮ȺصľҲˡ
һĹ͸¥ڵһӳС
¾ǰһУϲްϲ֮ɫһߴģ·¥Ѿȥһ
ǼˣȴȣҲβ½뵽¥棬һ˵ķˣǾ͸ˡ
²֪룬˷䣬ת뵽˸¥С
ʱ򡭡ľڻرš
򴽽ǣһȣҲȥ˶ӵģͽȥ
ǧͷζһۣ˿ٱϲ֣ο٣֮仯ΪһӰֻת˲֮뵽˸¥֮С
ֻһɫûʲôѾʧˡ



1180 ϤĲ

۾ֹ
Ǹղſһɫ𣿡
ɫûаû
Ѳɣۻˣ
ǻ˻Դٴο¥ʱ򣬾ͷľѾرգһϸ춼ûˡ
ԴղǸɫǻþɡ£ѾһҲѡ˳˿̰ڴ˴ҲƲʲôˣһ׼뿪
û߼ǾȻǺĳռ䵱ˣռ͸ģƲģɼӲȴʵʵڵġ
ˡһһͷײ͸ռڣʹɢĶǰҲһİ
Ǽˣֻ
ô£ôͳȥˣ
ΧиŵļӲҪȥͱײˡ
Ǳһռˣ
ੲݣеĻҸΪ˼֡
˿̣˾ȴһеڹϯϡ
Ʈҡһ˫󣬴һЦ⣬ȴƽһĨ䣬˿̽е
˾ţһһ°Һÿ˵һӾƽࡣ
Ťͷ˾һ˲侹Ǿһ㣬æǰλӣǼȲȻЩµģǴ˿̱һռ䵱Уôȥʲô취
˾ָ⣬ŤͷЦµĿռɣֻҪº˵̸ռȻܽ⿪ˡ
˾˵ţüۼȴô
ȴδֻôÿһķ硣
棿ΪҪ¿ռ䰡
ǰΪ˳ˡ
ɰŻˣ
˾ַϥϣ΢΢ֱһҽ̺ܺõĸҹģռ䣬Ȼǲھͻȥ
Ĳ⡣
ΪβҪǳȥѲɣҪʲôˣ
ѽҵʲô
üۣһܲӡ
ܾһʲôıǴ᲻Ҳȫ
˾΢΢毺õӳ˲Եùޱȣͺɰ֮ƲĿ⡣
ƿ꣬Ҳ֮⣬ڸ̸ȻһĿռ䣬ǳȥҲ̸ռȻͻȥˡ
һ϶ʱ΢
û뵽ôصļ壬ľȻôأ¥ȥģ˵͵̸ˡ
ɾˣȻҪʲôռϣֱǵڷš
˫һʱͷЩ
˾££䣬ǴһĨЦݸֶŤͷһǧͷѾˣҲ֪ȥĶ
۾˼֡
ɲɫƺڵȴʲô
¥ߡ
ƿһȽյĴ˽ȥÿƿһţ¥еľ¾ЩĶһǷ˺öѪ
ǧǷŲ
ǸͲ֪ͷʲôȻ͸Ŀռ϶ˡ
ǲϸ£ֻһȻĴǰͣ
ǰĴţǧ۾ȴźĴŲһԴ߶Ȼסݸ߹֮ˣû´Ӧþҵˣ
ǧȻţ˫Ź⡣
ڣһʱÿɰޱȣš
ǧ۾ɺܿ죬Ϳֽƿһ˲ڵС
һ䲼ûӣÿһطµƲĿ⣬һǰһµӣӵͷƷ裬ӢȻĲձ¶ڿУǧ۾
֪ΪʲôŲϤĺܡΣûоŲЩϤΣҲЩϤǧ˵һ䣬Ҳм̽ɫ
β˼ۣȷŲЩϤˡ
ͺһ
ǧƳͷͼ¶Լһı飬𴽽ǣʵΣǲҲͦϤģ
°ͣȷָоȴ벻˭
ǧһ´꣬Ҳָо
ٿɡƿ꣬˵һ䡣
ǧһͷҲЩŪ˾˭ΪλϤĸо
ţ۾գ
ʱ¶ŷеҾģɵ˵Ⱦ壬¸ղŶĵһǾȤĺܡ
㰡Ⱦ̧һηǳżȻ̬֮ҲֻʱŲǰ㰮ޣŻ׷֮ġ



1181 õ

ЦӶ䣬΢죬Ϊֻϲ
Ⱦ΢£䣬һϯ·֮ɫʱԣޱȣҵѪϲҲ޿ɺǣԾɿ޿䣬պܽҵｻиأ
Щ¶ģҵ
治봦ĵĺܡ
ÿʲôȥ룬ʵڿּˡ
Ⱦȴô룬ϣԼܳɴܱǰǸģĲа˾ͺߵĲУ˵仰Ǳͻޡ
Ҳı䣬Ǹı䲻˰
Ⱦ£ü֮Ҳ¶һĨ˿֮Ҳ˻ָǣ֮˽빬֮У߻Щ˭뾹ǱǧǸȥ
ʱȥΪ˽ûأ뵽ǧǾȻһټǧͷ˵ʵǿҲӲƴ
ñ¶Լ˵ݣֻóͣ޹
вûκԹޣ쿪ڵ˵ûκԵ֣˶ȥҲ⣬ʵҾͦõġ
ȾüĪǣǽ廹ϵˣ
ʱǧҲͿ˵ģЩȵġ
ˣȻȾȻȾµݶɣɵۼʱ򣬻Ǿޱȡ
Ⱦ¾ȫˡңȾȥڣΪ˶ȡ˵ҪΪǡµʲô֮
У廹ϵʲô˼
ɻǧԺлǧֻ˼֣һʱĺȫŪס
γȾһۣĿ䵭ɡ
ʱ򡭡ȾȻƽ˼£ոջʱǲû󣬾ǽɵҲˣ
ɵˣ
ЩĪգգ۾ʲôɵˣЩס
Ⱦû˵˦䣬ϵĲ豭ֱֱǧڵķϮȥ
ˮƿնż֮
δǧ֣ξѾֽˮ䡣
ֻá顱һˮأ̷ǣɢһء
еĲˮҲ翪
豭ص²ԴȥͼǧһվεĽ䴦ղ˵һУƶѾˡ
뵽˴²巺Ȼǲȣ֪ܲй¶ģãƳƷţƵļ嶨Ȼ˵Ŀ̰̽
Ҫ˾ΪУ
ԣ˲ף׵ķһֱԼֶΡ
£Ǳ˷ǵݡǧ˴µС˲òҰףѵһֱڸԼĿҲΪˣʲô
ѵҲ뽫׽ȥΪԼƸָ
뵽˴µСӲ¸˼֡
ˣǧҲûȥ˼Ǵδ߳ȫȻûбץľֺ޴룬һȼεġ
ǧϵϣЦ˻¶棬Ƕʮֺ棬Ըˡ
üͷСɲҰ׵ĺܡ
ȾɫҲûкõȥϵĲ豭һĨɱ·һҪǸնɱˡ
˴ʲôȾ۾һ˲еıӱ飬ˮʱ
ǧһӵƬҲ۾˵ˣֻΪ桭룬˾ʶˣǰٴμֻþ̾ѡ
ȾüͷŲɵΪֻΪѣɾΪ棬Ҳʶǵݣˡ
ɴʦλڣʵǿͲĶ֡
Ⱦҧҧһʱ䷸ѡ
¿ǣͬһӣ֪ǧˣǾʲôأ
ҧҧʳ˿ڣ뽫˶ߣȥΪƸָȻΪǵūͣ
䣬ȫǲʣżŭɫ
ӲȴĲᡣ
ǧĻԺֻЩĪʲôūͰ
ҪūʲôֲʲôŮǱᣬ治Ҫʲôū͡ǧ˵һ䡣
еĽ䱸Ծδ
ȾҲˣеɱδŨˡ
Ŀ䣬ƴޣ
κǧ˵һ䣬ǽǴеĿ˵İɣȥǿӲˡ



1182 ҿ

ǧҲô˻ǸɺҲûʲôã罫еĿ˵ˡ
Ⱦ󣬲һԭ˴Ŀĵİ
ʦԭΪӲ£Ǹֵýύ֮ˣȴ㾹ҲУ̽ҵܣʵڿɶĺܡȾ˷ɫ䣬һŭݣԷҲ˼֡
γһۣɫδ䣬Ҳ˵
ȾҧҧŭӦ
ǧһöȡöʵỬϸ壬滹ҵһֻ֣ȷһ£ö徿ǲҵģ
ȡڹڷ⣬ÿޱȡ
ȾƳͷڿöʱ򣬾мʧ̬ǰ壬¿ʲô
¿ǰ壬üͷɽ˽Ҳһ֮ɫöϤĺܡÿڳ֮ʶõһö壬öܱ޲֣֤Լݵġ
£ǧôһöأ
Ⱦ壬ö塭Ťͷһ
Ⱦɶö壬˫֮ж˼˿ҧҧһ˲о˼ֳͲţôöģ
ǱˣǧһԼе壬Ҳܹ϶öйء
ǧѩ˵еʱöˣΪǧ˵̰ͽöȥ
ǧѩ޴ؽȡֻһӶˡ
˵ҵˣ
ɵҵѪɡôͶһϲͨأѲɣࣿ
ǧ壬һʱ侹˿˵
ȾʵڵȲֱӽе˹ײȷһСֵʱӹһâֽץУôϷ֡
öҵġ˵öУȾһ䱸ؿǧ֮ҲէֳһĨ⣬·ֻҪ˵ʲôĻͻ̽ɱ
ǧȾ鲻ԣüͷö˵Ҫ
ö壬˵Ҫǧûлش𣬶Ѱ˸ʵ
Ⱦû˵
¶ö壬ǡõ壡
һȾһۣƺǲ˵
ȴ֪һ˷ܵؿö壬˫ģڴʲôһ
ǰøŪģ֣Ҫ
ͻȻֽץ壬ץʲôһ
˼ǧԭء
ã
öĻôµã
û뵽ԼȻĸ޹áǧһ´꣬ü֮Ҳø
εҲ΢΢΢£һ䣬ܿǻָ˳ɫ䶯Ŵ꣬ð춼ûг
¸羹Ȼˣϲգգ۾ͦϲµģټôã£Ȼ׵ĸ磬һӾͱˡ
һ飬öǾǴӺδȾ۾ڵɱɢֶŮʲô⡣
Ͼôˣ˺Щ˳ûҵĪǣˣ
ǧͷûпڣǴ顣
ۿȾıԽԽ䣬ϲʵܲˣüͷڵö嵱Ȼ׵İ״СʹӴȻŮȥǱˣѰ˵ģ
һȾȫԭء
ǧ룬ȴûö徹Ȼǧġһ´꣬һʱ侹ûп˵
ϲּǶ˵Щżˣô˵ö׵ģٰԴˡ
ǧϲֿһۣҲûôЩҪ˵ģЩЩһġ
棿Ⱦ˼Ƭ̣ǳһ䣬л͸Ųš
³ǧ˼ۣһʱҲЩãˡ
Լã
ϸһƣǧЩϤмиУܱиУǰԸദİɡ
µͷͻȻǧҵˡ
Ȼģƭʲôǧָ⣬˵һ䣬ұͲǧˣǧöСϣֻ̰ȥҲŶصģոˣΪŪö徿Ǻҵ˾˭
ȾԭЩɻ󣬿ͻȻ뵽ǧеǱѪ﷨ȡ
ǱҲǳҵģԵǧóȵʱǰ㾪ȡ
Ǳǻ𣬱ǸʧٶСֶŮģֻʱַħӿ룬ȲŲ֪Ӱ


1183 

ǧܽӵޣֻǡȾֳǧ˼ۣеɫҲ˲٣ҾһΣͬСɣҹŪǷѪ㣡
ǧû
ϾǴ£϶ҪŪġ
ɣôǧһ䡣
ȥҳϣȻб̽ΪŪǷѪȾðһΣҲô꣬ô˻ȥȻЩļġ
ǧЦŵͷɣǻȥ
Ⱦֳǿ˼ۣ䶯ȴʲôû˵ڡ
죬Ҳҳ
ȳ˸¥˵ȾǰţͻȻͷ˵һ䡣
ǧЦЦʾǰͳˣŤͷʼ˵ˡ
Σ˵Ǵ˷ȥЩϣ᲻ʲôװǧüһ䡣
ƿ꣬ǳЦֻȥ׵ģֲȥʲôȻûʲôס
ǧһģ˵Ҿͷˡ
ٴһЦһ˲ѩʤա
Ⱦǿһۣ̾ͱιһĹɬɬģµûš
ջĿ⣬Ҳȥ۾Ļ档
ܿ죬Ǽ˱뿪˸¥
ʱܸؾ׼ʱһ̾󣬾ǵضɽҡ
ûãѿһ϶ʲôҪⷬǧͷƤ飬ô£ΪͻȻôĶ
ң⶯ΪϤĶǻ˰ɣ
뵽һ㣬ǧͷһ£ȫѪҺҲ˼֡
סͷϲ֣οڣûϵġ
Ⱦɫֽܿ»󣬡صºʲôҪˣƫʱİɡ
ǧͷٴһǣ
ԣӦġûһȫըѣµĻȫ㳲
ڣ˫޽Ļվڵҡҡλţ˻һָָʾ˹ȥһ־ȻŸ¥
֮䣬յѾΧˣԹӦˣ
Ǽˣŵȶˡ
죬ȻлˡǱΪռʧǾܻؼȥˣ˭뵽ͻȻ֮侹ô˴˻ţлð̹⣬һ˵ģ
Щˣ˱һٰ
Ϊʲôڰ᳤ѾΪλֻˣ
˽٣ڰ᳤
ø½ðˣˡ
ǲͣ߶ţɫҲǲҰޱȣɢ
ûİպܿͳ˻˵в͡
ץһգ븹ţһ˲ѪζڿɢȶŻ
ռˣˤٴΣû
ף˫Ұףһģ
ŵŨصѪζּյش޳ĳüͷ纮˪Щ˼ֱ̫˭ǵĵӣڴ˴ɱգ
һ䣬ǧЩ벻׵ĵط
ҹ̽һأشûκβףҲûл˵Ϣ£˴㳲ô£
֪ǧЩʲôβڵӦ֮ǰ˵ϢڸˣƻЩֶΣƲµĻˡ
һ˵һնɱ˹Ļˡ
Щûǣֻƾͱܲͺʲôµʿ
ǧȡѪ﷨ȣһŻ汻Ͷֻէֶ£Щ̾ͱճ˽̿
εĻԺһ´꣬üͷ壬˵ж֮ǰҪһоͱ˿ˣ
Ȼϣλǵ˵ͷ
ǧҧüͷøıģǺڰ᳤ɡȻҲ˰׻½
˵ЩʱǧȻ˾
ǸˣͻȻڰ׻½ģڰ᳤ʱǺϡ뵽˴ǧϯϿȥ
˾ڴ˴ɾ͸ˡ
һᣬɵɴ۲Ҳ΢΢ζ
˾Ǹ˾Ȼڣ˿ͶսУҲһڲϽɱŻˣ
ǧ۾еɫӷǳ
ʵڸ㲻ף˾ôǴ˴Ǻڰ᳤ĻӦվܵطŻˣڴ˴һͬɱ
Ѳɣ޹ģ
ǧϸϸţһʱֻԴһһ벻͸ˣĸоʮֵܡ


1184 ǧĻ

Ǽ˷˶ǧ۾һŻ͸ʱ̽Ǹˡ
ǷĲҽ
ʵ̫ɱɱĿ¸оټϰһʱҲ˷ִ磬طø
ȾǰɣֻһȺİնѣĲΪ˵в͡
ҲҪҪ
ǵĲҽǱһһţɢʹзǳܳܣ˾׽ͷϴ˶ϣҲǸΪ
ǧôңһʱ侹ֲôң߶ǸһЩǧ߶ˡ
Ȼ֪һ㣬ϻǧͷΡ
ȾҲڻ£һǰһţ˭Ҳа֡
¼һգ໴ޣܿû
ַ߻ţ˶ر£ټϻ߲⣬Ż
Ⱦ壬Ϊδ˴ô˳֣ӲͷƤһ䡣
Ⱦüͷ壬Ȼ֮뵽ʲôøΪ˼֣ڰ˶ȻǳģǺڰŶ֮꣬ʣ㳲׼°ȥΪƸָ
²һӣɫҲ˼֡
ڰ˿²̣ǱץȥĻŰ
ܻţҲᱻĥ˲˹ģʵڿµĽ
µŲҲŸֿ־壬Ⱦ壬Ҳ뱻ڰץߡ
䣬ˮģر
ȾͷһæǳȰο£ǲڰеġ
һҲ࣬һЦҲģô˵¾Ͳˡ
ʱ˻ڲ˻ţͷƤ顣
ǧǲϵǵĽûãǽȺͣĻճ˽̿ЩδĻƺ˼ּɵǲ˹ˡ
ǧˣ𴽽ǣЩ˵ǴһЩ֪򲻹ǣҲ˹ˡ
Ҳ˵ͷЩ˵ǱǰĴЩҲ˵ڰƻ˷棬Ӿˡ
ǧͷһ¡
ˡǶڴ½˵ǽһجģ
ϲֶڷ˵ıһӣףЩ˳õǼ󣬱žЩˡ
ǧƿ꣬΢óǾͱȥһ׶ὫЩ˸ˡ
ϲЦŵͷ
ʱ򡭡˾ɱǰһ˺󣬾ǧϣϵĺѪ󣬡룬ǳ˻ˡɺڰ᳤𣬹Ҳô꣬ΪλͻȻ֣ʵڽ˷ѽ⡣
ǧһۣδ˵
˾ûоһ˵ڰڣ϶ʲôõıǶҪЩ
ǧֲһۣһΣڰȷڵģЩҲǰЩȷǸþˡ
˾ĺڵ˸Ĺ⣬˿̽塣
ǧ۾֮мָֺܿƽ
˾ֽĿͶȥ΢䣬ȴû˵
ǧӶѪ﷨ȣڲնɱŻˣЩȻЩ£ƺΥָֻӲͷƤϡ
ЩָʹѾͣˡ˾ͻȻ˵һ䡣
ǧһ⣬˾ǰǿͨ͸
˾һЦҲһ˵ѣ˵ĪҪ֡
ǧ۾һƬ񣬡ء
ȾڷֿˣҲûôע˾
κͷϲȴǳ˾һۣڸֳһĨ֮⡣
˾ûһֱӽĿ䵽ȾϣĿЩһܻ˼ûС
ȾԡѪսȫûע⵽˾ӡ
˾˼ۣɵʹ˼ʲô
ûã˾ƿ꣬һ䣬λǴ˵ҵ˰ɣ
Ⱦϵ¶ȶȻ½˼֣ǧ֪ݶûжֻ֣Ϊеö壬˾Ͳһˣû壬ֻһ˶ѡ
Ⱦ۾ȫû˾ɫˣҲǣҲѧԺԺѣ˵ܼ̫ˡ
һ˾ЦûĻǴӸ¥гģûм𣿡


1185 ˽ģ

ȾҡͷûС
ͬҡҡͷһãȻӣҽȥʱ򣬸¥вûˣֻȾԺǶֻ˲ϼңԲδ¶İɡ
˾ϵı鲢ûκα仯ڵȴ˼֣纣ģ˲֪˿Щʲô
𣿡˾̾һϴżźû̫ϧˡ
Ⱦ²δ˵
ǧҲΪɵؿ˾һۡ
ôˡΣʱ̶ֻ⡭˾ָ⣬еħʱǽһѻ˽ɱ˸ɾ뵽ȾղŵĻЦ
Ĳ
治ǣͻȻڸ¥У
㼫ϣá
˾ʹüۣںһȻЦݡ
ڵ˵ʱͻӰ˽Դź£棬ǧһӱ³ǵݡ
еөŮӦþǧѩǵĳ֣Щգ˶뵽˽䱸֮Уǧںէ֣һҪķ顣
˼Ժ󣬾ͻȻֹͣ˶˵ķȥ
ԣովǿƻ˵ġ
һ뿪ǧ˴ϢĻᣬƿ꣬өҾ֪ĺ£һǵĻ᳤ôˣΪֻɳǣǵļıܵóѣ
ԼѾ³өԽ£᳤ǽɣǶ߾ȫǡ
ǧ䴽Ц
еɫҲ˪
ףЩ˺ᡣϲֶǧ󣬲üͷҲȫ֮ɫ
ǧͷȷʵᣬ겻ɢġ
ϲֱ죬еŨףЩǿƵһЩ˾Ͳˡ
ǧƿ꣬ˣȻа취ûж߲ǱϾˣôö
ϲֵͷͬ⣬̫ˣ
өһɨĿͶȾϣҷ᳤֮˴Ѱˣ֮˭˾վ᳤ȥ͡
һֹȾǣǧҲüͷ
ȻڰĿˣȻǿ϶Ū˴󶯾ġ
ÿһδ󶯾ı󣬶ıģ
ûҪҵˡǧȿڣ⵭Ļ
өǵײһˣǲŵġ
˳ȻЩ޹նΪ˵в͡өڣһƬ֮ɫȫûУȻأҲڽǵ֮ɣ
̰޵رҡ
ǻΪЩʲôģ룬ȥ͵ģǣֻһ޹֮˶ѡ
뵽˴̾ͲˣǳϿţš
˭˾ͿЩɣֻЩƽͷնѣ뵽ЩԹС
ǰǰɣʵ̫ײУǲΪǵв͡
ҵֵܽö˳Եˡ˾ȻŲǻû԰
ǲϿţҲȫ𱸡
Ϊһ˾ܾ˵׬ġ
Ϊλ
ҪǱһһڳԵ
ʲôصļ壬ʯĳĶħǰϣһ˲̬¶˽ģŻ
ǧЩİգʲôû˵
ȾͬĬ
ȣϰ˵͵εͻȻôվȥҵĵ͵ҲƣΪ˼壬ԸѡĬ
ҡ֮ڶ࣬ǶһˣӦҲȫ˵ġ
뵽˴ȾǧһۣŮĽ˵ߵķˣֻҪЩڣ˶ȻᱻˣǸʲôөƻᱻˡ
ȾĿջأûҪ¶ݵͷ
ǧҲͬ˵ݱ¶µĺڰԪˣ汻ץȥһˣֻˡ
ǲеġǺòײúڰˣǿ
ǧָ⣬ٴο˵ǵУûˣ˵ûоûУңƾЩˣΪܵסǣ
өüû˵
ǧѩȴǧʢ˵ģˣǧǲڸ˵ڸ˵ٲĻЩսΪ˵в͡
ǧüûǧѩУ㲻ө¶ѣ˵ķݶ


1186 㲻Ŵʦʵ

ǧѩᣬݵȷûө󣬿ȸ½ʱϾ˾ʥŮܴ衣
ŭȴǱөֹˡ
ʲôǧѩĿ¶׹⡣
ө۾䵭뽫ݱ¶ȥ;ȥ˵ʱǺڰҲˡ
һǧѩӲһ¡
ڰáҪɱˣ
ǧѩһһ˲ָ֮Ҳŷ𡭡Ҳ˵ˡ
өһۣ䵭Щͺ𣿡
ǧѩԲ
ǧˣЦЩԭǧѩںڰĵλҲǺܸߣǸСආѡ
ôһ룬ǧֻ÷ġ
˳өٴγ֮䣬һ˿ʼ̣ͽǰһ븹С
ջδüУӦɸɾ
ռˣŵ̱ڵأɫɷס
ǲ֪ΪλˣһĻ᲻ˣ
˭˿ЩվɣǲĲ
Ⱦǰɣǲ
ǧţͷȴڼţܽһһټأ
֪Щʲôδ˵һ䣬ҪһټҲûа취
θ֮⣬Ʈҡ续
ǧڶʱųһĨ⣬ʲô취
ζüۣͣһټ˵İ취еģֻ
ԥ֮ɫǧһʶʵʲôʲô֮𣿡
ΧһЩգҪһټ˵ЩգЩѶȡƿ꣬˵һ䡣
ǧһҲʶѶԣȷҪһټܼ򵥣Ҫڲ˺յ£ЩѶˡ
ˣǻѰˡǧ°һһʱҲЩհ
ҩѾˣΪηҪڴ˴ߣҲᷢ¶
ǧ̾һɫҲЩѿ
죬΢䣬οҲõģҵ뵽һ취ڼ˵ʱ򣬲˺Щա
ЩȻ˽ĽҲһǲ׷ġ
ǧ˫һǺΰ취
˵ᣬδ˾ȥʱֻҧ䣬˵ʲô
˾üͷȴɾվţûʲôٶ
θϣ˵ûϵ߽ħٻԭͬʱұ׵磬ЩԭУƲŲӣҲꡣ
ǧ˫û𽫻Ƹɾ׵סԭûӣ취Ǽõġ
Ҳֻˣӡ
ǧƿ꣬ЦǸõķӣΣھͶְɣЩ֪ԼЩ̫ˡ
εãԸ
Щ˽ө˳ٳٲ֣ܿʧȥġ
һλӻ֣Щ˸Ϊ꣬һȥǸײģðʧС
ٲˣЩһөĮüĿʱЩա
ңҲ˵һ˵Ļ
¼ң뵽ǻ޹ģЩ֮ģȾ壬Щ޹ģҪȥ˵ǵ𣿡
ǧܡȾкէ֣ǧĽȻ취ġ
ʶһ䣬Ⱦɱƭҡ
ƭ㡣ȾŪڣѵ㻹ǧʹʦʵ𣿡
뵽ǧײеģټϷθطǳһ´꣬ȴֺܿ뿪ˣǵĻȻû⣬˵Ҳܱ֪Ȼ鷳ġ
ڽ¥ʱҲᣬ˾ʲô
²⣬Ⱦϵ
ʱөĿ⳯ͶһӾͺ˾Ŀײһ
˾Ŀ΢ʲôѶϢڴš
յѶϢөʶȾһۣûòǽĿƿɲ׾һ˻᳤ĴƾͲˡ
ʱ򡭡өһ£Щ˵תһֱӳȾϮȥ
ýʱǧȻ۾һ˲֮˷ĻֱֱͶ¡
顱
ԭһ𲻶Ͷ£Ƭյر㱻ĻռˣԶԶȥʢɳҴϢͷˡ
ܵȶȣǶʱһǱΪᱻҧ˭룬ھҪ𣬻ˡ


1187 ǧѩ

ָоȱ˳ԵҪʹడ
ٴκ
ҲţϺС
龰өǧѩҲɴ˫û뵽ᷢչ
ˣĺݡǧѩҧгݣһ˫ڴԹʵʩ߽׻ϵħ˱ͬʱЩҲᱻ
̫߹ˡөק䣬ǰһԭ𣬾ЩҲΪ
ô죬᳤ļƻҪ
өһ䣬ô붼øģЩˣǧǧҲ
գ׻ʵۿ϶Ź˵ġǧѩüĿдżֵ⡣
ܵãһ״
ǵɫģű˵ƣµʱѸΧһȦԭС
˿̣޷ӣҲûܵκˣЩȴԭ֮±ճ˻ҽٴ޷ˡ
˻棬өǧѩɫ̫á
ô˾ȻһӾͱճ˻ҽЩ˽վȻδˣǧǺֶΰ
ʦٲȻ˻ʹߣʲôҪΪƺ
뵽˴ǧѩĺޣ޲ýǧˣ˵ʲôõģΪ˶ҪΧת
ǧѩ벻ףֱӽһѳȡۼΧѾû谭ǧһֳʲô¶
ȫתûʲô˾۾ĳȾ֡ǧˣҶҪ֮ءǧѩһеĳ⡣
˾˫ֱӱһ£ʧȥ˳ֵĻᡣ
ضǧѩ
ǧѩδѾҪǧˡ
˾۾Ҫٴγ֡
ɣȾǧȽϽΣղɳֽǧѩ˳ȥ
ֿ׼ûаϧ֮飬ҲʱĺѾ¶УҪĳ֣ˡ
˾Ŀ䣬˫һ㺮˪ĺںڵһڶ˲ֱӡ
ǧѩ²࣬ʵûʲôµôˡ˾ۣھһɱ
ǧѩûʶΣգؿڣЩɵؿǣЩ˽ûɱǧִ⣬Ҳֻ³

֮ͨǧѩæǷ룬ӵөԺץסʲôһөϣʵ̫ײˣñҡ
өÿˣֻҪһܽץסˣƫƫʱǧѩȻ֣Ӳȫ˷ˡ
뵽˴ө˫䣬һѽǧѩ˦תߡ
ôˣǧѩʵ벻ͨɳѯʣǲҪץ˶ûץסǾͻȥˣðɣ
㣬ͽ˸ץסˡө˪Ҳʰģһ᳤ù
˵Щөֱ뿪
뿪ıӰǧѩЩͷԡ
ʲôУˣ
ʲôû
ץ˹ʲô¶
ۿөѾ뿪ǧѩҲûֱ̫࣬׷˳ȥҶය
ôˣһΪֻʲôء뿪ıӰǧ˫һеıȴ˿ס
û˵ֱӽ׵糷ˡ
׵类ߣ汻紵ɢܿ쵹ҲϨˡ
ǼһѾȥŵ̱ڵҲҶˣߵĶʵ̫вٺ߽ϱ˰׻ʵۣһ׻ʵ۾Ҫֳˡ
׻ʵһҪ顣
ǧ뱻飬ŷתˡ
ԽԽԶ˾վԭزûиȥǸ̫ػɣûаɣԲǿʲô
˾һŬŽеŭѹȥ
ܿת뿪֮ʱһ
ŻޱȵˣôһӾͱŤˣ
ڰܲ
˾ȥԺֱӽϵĲյˡ
өڵϣһԲȫ֮ɫ
²οûɡ
ǧѩأ˾˫֣ɭ
өɴǧѩڷУҲ֪ڵʲô費Ҫ½˸
й˾ۣĺڵ˫ӳԵɱϸƬ̣ǽϵ𣬴ȥ
өæȥܿͰ˴˻
ǧѩ̿ˮݵʱһɱһֱ̱ڵأ᳤кηԸ
̧ͷ˾ͷĿӡ
ǧѩŵɪɪͻȻ䷿Ǹ޳棬ֻýͷ̧𣬡᳤ôˣ˭𣿡


1188 ȥԵװ~

˾ֱ֣ӽһҵǧѩűߣǧѩЩ£ûһ𣿡
顱һ豭֧飬Ҳǧѩľ
ǧѩŵϵƬȴôҲ벻ʲôô
룬᳤ʾǧѩ򴽽ǣӶ¸ͣʵڲ֪Լʲôû᳤ô
㲻֪˾ֱ̳ӽ°̧һһ֮⡣
ǧѩ裬ֲҳֻܾĬĬš
ө˵˵ʲô˾ջأеȴδȥ
ǧѩɪɪʶө˼ۡ
өûһֱۣӵ᳤ܳɹץˣɾǧѩû᳤ʧȥǵᣬŮ̬ȣѿá
˵ò̬ȣʵѿá˾΢٣ٴοʱɱ⾡ԣɱ˰ɡ
ǧѩŵôҴȻҪɱ
ûоԼʲôһֱǾľڰڰᣬΣһֱөİţûʲô顣
᳤ʵڲ¾ʲôǧѩӲͷƤʵ£һֱө£봦£װ
˾̫Ѩֱөæ͡
өһȥǧ鷳᳤ͽ˸ץסˣ˵㣬ǲ̬ȣѿã
һǧѩЩѾ䵽˹
ȷ˳ȥҪǧ鷳ڴ֮ǰөҲȰˣû
ֻҪǧ鷳û뵽һ㡭жȻ谭˻᳤Ĵƣôأ
᳤ǧѩɫҰף۾˾˫ȣ£Ĳǹģ²֪ԼжѣʵԸ⽫᳤ٸһλᡣ
˾һЦ㻹Ҫ᣿
ǧѩæͷǰһӱŬģṼ᳤
ûлˡ˾֣ɱȻ
ǧѩȻɴ۾Ҵ
˾Ҫ飬ɾʱ򡭡᳤Ҫ档еһСආͻȻš
˾ֱӻӻ֣ɡ
˾Ųˣǧѩ˿ֺ˾һֻὫˡ
ʲô飿˾ʣΪá
Сආŵڵأɪɪ᳤̽鵽׻ʵټ½ʵڹ顣
ͻȻ֣Բʲô¶½Ļʵ뵽ǰĴ¶ŵû궼ûˣֻΧһԲߡ
Ŷ˾üЩ棬ʲô
Сආ̿ˮƽŵβܽڰһټ뵽ʥŮǧѩ˵ֻҪǧѩϹԲ̣ܽǺڰ𡣡
˾ЦЦκͼڽ
ǻΪŮѪѪ˾ýǧѩӣһֱ޴ֲÿ½ûʲôΪԭЩ޴֮ˡ
ǧѩͷҶԡ
ԣ᳤ǸΣСආСһ䡣
˾˼һĿͶǧѩϡ
ǧѩһӶЩˡ
ԭ뽫Ů˴ģ˾һתҵһˡ
ǧѩ̿ˮܾԼйء
᳤Σө̲סһ䡣
˾ƿ꣬еŭɫɢŮ˻صȸ½Եװɡ
һ䣬˾һ֮ɫ
ǧѩԼˣڲųһĨЦݣ˾ı⣬С᳤ģһ߾ȫԵ׵ģ᳤ʾ»ȥ֮ӦЩʲô
˾ϽʣĲյڰһЩʵ۵ʲôǿԣڰﵷһ£ԴǵҪģҪȸʵ۶ߴ磬ϹԲҪ
ϹԲڴʦУȥεʵֱǿˣϵĲ֢ҲûˣȥֻҲֲʲôô
ֻǧѩȷ棬õϹԲãòʧȥҲֻһûʲôõŮˣ˵ûʧʲô
뵽˴˾͵һЦЦͷƤ顣
ǧѩ֪ΪЦֻЦЩ⣬ʲôı£ûʲôˡ
ǲȥԵ׵Ļֻܱɹˡ
᳤ķԸһȥ죬ԲṼ᳤ڴǧѩȭͷСǼᶨ֮ɫġ


1189 ɾ

ǧѩı֤˾ΪȻڰ֣Ȼô˵Щʰʰȸ½ɣʱɲˣǧ𵢸ˡ
ǧѩҵ飬ڸղˡ
£ֻ£˾Լĺá
ھȥȸ½ھȥǧѩ˵ţܿ㸩ȥ
Ӱȫʧөǿ˵᳤ǧѩŮ̬ʵڲȣţ᲻ĴƲ谭
ϣǧѩȥȻ͵õˣֺԻʧôˣʲô鶼ûɣ
˾豭£Ŀ䵽өϣҵĴƲ谭ģңֻڰʹѣûܽϹԲ̸һŪ¶ˣҲûʲôϵǰҲȻϲ
£өҲˣһ᳤ǽǧѩˣѾɢ״̬
Ҳեһôө䴽ǣȻ
᳤Ӣө˵һ䡣
˾һۣȴʲôҲû˵
ө˵ǿڵ᳤ΰ²´ο϶߾ȫ᳤Ҫĵǡ
˾οҺܷģһΣֻǧѩڴеңȻҲֶ飬һΣǾûôˡ
ө͸һĨѪûһǱ㲻ôˡ
ҪЪϢˣҲЩȥɡ˾ڰ֣һģ
ө΢΢ת뿪
׻С
Ӹ¥гԺǧǱȾһƬС
ǰ׻һƬ֣ûʲôر֮
ǧȾıӰ˵Ⱦֻǰ׻һƬͨɭֶѣ㲻Ҫң˾ƬɭУ
ˣǻ̫ˡ
׻ʵ֪ҲѪ˾Ȼǰ׻⣬Ƥӵ£ȴ֪
ˣ
ȾŤͷеĽ䱸δȥɿϣֻܿ˵û˱ƬɭУ֮Ʋġ
ǧգգ
Ȼڰ׻ʵƤӵ£Ƽ˵ˡ
ʱ򡭡Ҳ֪Ⱦôֻ֣һ΢죬һƬ񷿾ӳǧС
Щ񷿶Ϊ£ΧвľЩľӳڰ֮УɵģԶһƬɾƲĿ⡣
ǰǧпһ䣬ɫͬԴһ
ֲϰӣ£˭뵽ǾƬ֮£ҲԸ׵ķˡ
οǰͬҲЩ𺳣ǼģסͤҪÿ֡
ȷǸƯĵطһ
ϲѾǰľ¾˵ˣĺƯ
ȾǿһۣȽȥɣñ˷־ˡ
ǽ뵽档
һ룬ҵؽھʹʧˡ
ǧˣգգ۾棬˽ȥԺھֱӹرˣһ˿ۼֲôãû˷֡
μǧôȤ˵һ䣬ڴӦһ󷨣ͨ󷨲ܴﵽЧӦһȽϸ߼󷨡
ǧ£󷨣Ƴ𣿡
οڣȴΪһЩʱ䣬ȻܹƳġ
ǧĴָЦ
׽Щ佱ҲвЦ
ϲֲȥǣĴƬֱ̣Χסˡ
ȾһۣͼȫƬУһ´꣬ͷҲ֪Щʲô
ǲǹɣҲżֺ֮ɫ
˶ѾˣںҲûʲôá
ʱв˴ӷ߳ǽһЩˣСͯУ϶һֳ׵ζǿȥӵҲӴӣ˿ź
ǧϸϸţǲ˼֡
ǲմȾ׵ˣϵϢ˾úȺ޼Ͳһ
ǧǵͬʱҲڴǧΧˡ
ֻһۣǱƳǧǵĲͬ
ǲˣˣȾǽ˸ˣʲô
˼˽ȥˣҿȥܲǣŵɪɪ
˵֮ǿˣǱ֪˶ὫץȥΪ겻գ
µǲŲҪӡ


1190 ˵Ϣ

æǽȾӵȾ峤Ƿ𣬾Ȼ֮˴һ˴ҵټҪ¶ǰˣ
峤һ֪ǺǵģǴĺ𣿡
峤ЩŪȥɣҴӲմȾףǲ뱻˿Ǳá
ੲݣеĿ־ôҲڲ
Ⱦ˿־壬ͷҲЩԥҪǴǰ
£Ѿ뵽˵ĵؽ磬ǺҲˡ
Ⱦһ´꣬ӲͷƤǲõģƽ˲һҽմǹҲֻΪӡ֤һѣ֤ϣʣµԻϡ
ҲͻȻڵǰֻΪ֤һ¶ѡ
һ²һ棬ʲô飿
ʲô飬ֻȾ峤֮˴أ
ְȾ΢䣬ɫ˲Ʈҡÿǳ黹δ֤֮ǰһܸǣ֤֮Ҳ֪ˡ
˳ǧǿ˼ۣ뵽Ⱦ˵Ļֺ˼֡
Ⱦ˵Ҳ׷ʣֻš
Ⱦûڴ˴̧Ŵǧǳǵסȥ
ǧǾţûñһ¸ΪõǰǼ񷿺ͨ񷿲ͬ͸żϢ
ǳǵסڲͬġ
ߵſڵʱȾͣ½Ųǳǵסˣȴǽȥȥ֮ǿǧ˵
ǧһۣ֪ˡ
ȾһԭسŽ롣
еĲȻªȴһζǧܿ˿ͷ񷿺ܴ󣬿úЩһͬס档
ڴλãżϣȻżªȴɷǣʲǧٿɼƲףҲ˼־֮⣬Ҳҿˡ
ϲּ龰Ҳ˫һףЩŹŵɷģѰء
ǧС˵츳ģѰˣοǻһ峤ϣȻʤһ
ϲ󣬲Ȼصͷ
εıû䣬ЩƤӶûһ¡
ŲЩϿ̧ͷ
ԹƣԼϣһڸλģҵĴϣĵλ峤Ȩˡ
峤ˣ̧ڴżϡ
ȾҾ峤ԴϵʱǼΪصģѾҴ»ˡ
վһ࣬ԵþСһϡ
һѾˡ
һСģϲ̾һҲżָӵ±ˣ峤λǸ̳еġ
ƫ˲̣ߵ츳ȴǱˡ
ϻδü˴͸ܵİϢŤͷ׵ʱֱӵɴ˼֡
峤Ϊν˴ˣţָȴڲ
Ҳһ࣬ǧǵĿ˽䱸
ùô棬ȫǳʹ峤Ϳ˴ӲմȾףƫİ˴ǽڵй¶ȥָ޷ˡ
ڷַʱ򣬾Ϊ˽ǵϢй¶ȥʹǧħǣΪ˱סǳأֻܽıֵ
˭뵽ˣҲܵ˷ɣЩħ˱Һֱ֮ӱǿǳǹ롣
Σֻܳˣһʱҷǳ˺ЩǲŻ˹
ٴμˣѲ뵽ַеٳһ
ϣĳϣ峤϶¶һĨϲֱԵ峤Щ˸ϳȥҲϲˡ
ǧͷζһۣڲûκ֮⡣
ЩôҲģ϶Ҳܼġ
ϲᳶǧ°ڣһʱֻЩͷףͦµġ
Ⱦ΢򴽰꣬δڵһʱ俪ڣǲ֪ô˵ɡ
³ǿһۣȳϣȾ彫ǴҪ̡
һ٣Ҳ֪·ͬһ㣬ȻȾӶϲܽ˴ģеɫʵ峤Ǻ£ðűֵΣգҲҪЩ˴
䣬ǧϿȥ
ɵǧʱһΣǾλͷ·һ



1191 ҪһѪ

ȾϸƬ̣ǽǧǿȡϣɻǵô壿
ǰ壬ϵٴһ¡
λҲˡ
öǡϲָ⣬öʰϸϸţ̵СֵʱҲܵˡ
ö壬϶öûġһҲỨöϣɵʱһǰˣԴҲѰ⺢ҲΪ±Ҳǰˡ
뵽飬λϵɫЩѿ·ǲԸǱҵĹ
öٴγ֣ǷΪҵն˵Ůˣ
ҵǸŮ𣿡ִ壬ЩȾ
ȾҲ֪ش󣬲ûκöģ˵öںСʱˣҽմˣȷһݣǷﶪʧСŮ
һλٴһ
ȻҵˣһǸոս䱸ˣֳǿ˼ۣǧʱڴżִӡ
ԽǧϤĺܣ峤ģ峤ʱͼΪΣѵһӣǧҲΪÿ³ףôҪ˵ĵطӦþ˫۾ɡ
ģô
ôһ񡭡۾̾һˡ
˵󣬴ļ
ҲΪҲĵطòöȷɣ
ôȾҲϣѵǣ
ϼƬ̣Ҳָ˹ߣźЩƾòö壬ȷ˵ҵѪΪ˱ǻҪһ֤
ǧûоʲôס
ϾףܸҪһġ
Ŵף޷ǾǵѪʲôİɡ
λϣҪ֤η䣬ʶһ䡣
λ΢㶣һʱ侹ǲ֪˺СкǺݣǺǧһġ
֪ʲôȾӲͷƤ͵λȸ½Ĵʦϲǧĺӡ
ʦ
ӣ
Ƿޣ
еĿɰСӤȻѾˣӶˣ
λȻɴ۾һʱ侹ЩܲˣѾɶ֣׶Ѿ췹ˣǾٲģҲΡ
λľȻȸ½ĴʦȻƬԴУҲ֪ʦε¼Ǹʵǿ˾Ĵڡ
ΪޣҲһ׮¶
뵽˴λеԹɢ˼֡
μǱ仯ͣѹǧ߱Թղſǵıң
ǧһЦĿͣǴʦǿɲ㡣
΢£䣬ѹúܵͣƵС
㿴ˡǧͬѹ
ڻҧ䣬λϲüͷ֮ͥ£ǲͳ
ҪȷʵݣȷϵʱһѪһʾԼĴڸС
ǧ̽ĿͶϣֻҪȷݣ˵һѪѪҲǳɵġ
ٴһûãͳһСľƣ㽫ѪСľϡ
ǧֱӽָҧƣţһѪֱСľϡ
СľƲûʲô
λϻǽǰСľƣûãǵѪҺǱСľƸˡ
λϼˣȻɴĿ⣬ҲֻѪѪŻᱻľ룬ʱľƻųһҵĹâ
λɽţûһľкɫâ͸
Źâһ㣬ҷǳ
λϼˣЩ˵
ҵѪ˶ʮ꣬ҵ峤ʧСŮˣ
ǧŷŹľƣҲ͸һĨ𾪺;ޣʵû뵽ľƾȻ͸˵Ĺ㾲ţֻƯǳ
ͬģȾҲʮּ
Ȼ֪ʲô£ۿģʱҪ޳һȾ壬ҵ𣿡
ȾۿҲЩ΢죬һһԼǰҵˣҵˡ
ʮˣҵˡ¿ľϷųʱʱЩ޴СĽöʧģƾʵ᲻᲻᲻簡
Ⱦ壬˵û᲻᲻ң½ָ⣬Сö׵ˡ



1192 ԭ

Ⱦ΢Щۣ峤峤Ժ¾ˣϾһִĺӣܰί
ǧµĺܣȻġȾƶ˵
˿
Ƕôǧɳһ䣬ʲô֮𣿡
λˢˢǧֱǧͷƤſڣûκβ֮ҵѪʮˣҵˡ
ǧûʲô⡣
ǧҵĺӣٲҵĺҲûʲôǴԽģԼȻЩ⣬Ҳִ̫š
£ҵԼˣҲǶԭиˡ
ǧһ䣬ô˵ͷЩϲõġ
ףҵˡϲҲΪˡ
ͬ˵ĺܡ
ǰҵˡǧǣȻͦİģǷѪԵϵţܵ˵ǱȽеģ֪׷ʲôģ
λ϶һۣһʱ侹ЩԥҪҪ˵
Ƕ˵ǧҲߴ٣Ǽõġ
ȾŪϵϣǶڣʵ̲סǿ˵Ǿסڷ˳Уһֱƽ£ɲ֪˭ǾסڳеϢ͸¶˳ûãħ޹УΪ˵ħޣ˾˭뾹ʧˡ
ǧ뵽˷ַе龰
ѾΪ˷棬ħ̾ûʵȥ˴ضᱻ̵ͷʣ¡
ټ滹кЩ棬ʳҺŻǽЩҺȥˣǵʱҲӲġ
ǧδ˵
ȾƬ̣ٴ˵ʱ⵽ɣʧˡЩħʳҺȻüΪǿȼȻǼ²Ծˡ±ӳ˳ţɵʱΪңЩħ׷ᡭ
ǧ۾󵽵ʱΣ
Ⱦ򴽽ǣµʱСĳ棬΢㽫ŪˡºɳöȥѰ㣬վһÿնڰյУʱ𣬱⸱ģ
ǧʶ¿ȥ
½ӴĿ⣬Щ㣬ǧӣ»ᱻԹ޻ˡ
ǧҲû뵽±С£ΪȾŸɬĴ꣬ü֮һĨ󣬡Ѿˣģܱܲ
ǧָ⣬µʱҲǸСƨɣ
ôһСƨ
ǧƿ꣬Ϊ֣ص
Ⱦһ˲
ʵ˱ֵ׼£˵ǣҿɫ̹Ȼڷܣ֣ء
ȻǻЩΣܵ˵ͦġ
λҲЦ⣬úӣúӰ
λϵĿΣſκͷϲֵ˼֣ҷϲֻôȿɰλֻԼ챻Ȼˡ
Ⱦ룬ڿʵЩôģΪΣΪǧҵĺӣ
ǧҲû¶ǲ˵ġ
ƿ꣬Լһһʮ˵˳
ֻǺƽڳһ¶ѣûͼӴʲôġ
ȾЩŭɫ˵ǧС飬û뵽Щ꾹Ȼô࣬;˶ǲһӶˣ
һ뵽ֿܣȾǧץŰǧٱ顣
ǧˣֱ̫Ⱦ䣬ɫȥϵȫǱ˪⡣
ǧΪ˵һ䣬ҲôǧңңҲûǧ֮˺ùڿңҲǺµġ
Ⱦź࣬һŬŭѹ¡
ܵڼ˵Ĺģǧһ䣬Ǿͷů˲١
վһ࣬ͬҲΪеˡ
ڶʮҵԼˣҲһԵ֣ôնϡ
׺ܸ˵ӡϲҧָ⣬ܸͬ˵˵һ䡣
Դδ˵
ˣһǴӷַȡġǧȴȾˢˢŤͷ
Ǽ˫۾ͷƤ飬ȫˡ
Ⱦ֪ǧ˷ַһȡ˶Ե׼ܹȫˣʵ˾ȡ
λȴǲ֪һǧ뵽ǸµķַУǵһҲŲ
ǧû£һ棬ǻкȥ¼峤
ڷַѰʲôλϲһ䡣



1193 

ʱ˳ǻͦԣģǽȥԺӦҵһЩöʲôǻͦġ
ǧѰǱҼȡڷַҵһףдҵ֣Ӧҵġ
λϿϤּǿЦûȷҵףʱħ޹гʵڻңߵ̫ǽⱾ룬Ȼˣڤڤ֮ȫԵְ
ǧͷҲĺܣôȥַ׾ǱҵȷڤڤеԵ֡
λϽ׷淺ƵԼ˲ӳС
ʧãǻͦ˵ġ
ǧ뵽žнѪѪģѲɣѪѪйأ
뵽ԼľŰ޵ɫʾѪѪѾѣҲ֪õѪѪܶ
ҳдŹѪѪ顣ǧһ٣ٴοʵѵ˶֪ѪѪϢôǸңѪѪʲôõܶ£
˵ѪѪҲʶǧ˼ۡ
ϲ̧ͬ˹ȥǵױһƯĴ󻨻ʺʺģΣϲˡ
ѪѪ
λԺɫһ䣬һӱ˼֡
ǧǱ鲻ԣָⲻɽա
ǵıôˣĪǣѪѪʲô
ǧδѯʣǾǣȴǵĻش
λ϶һۣ֮ǿڵȷкܶѪѪĴţ˵ʲôֻҪõѪѪܶ£ѪѪȷǿȷ£ǡ
λ΢΢üһԶֹģ
ǧۣһ˲ò̫ԾʲôʲôԵĵط𣿡
ҲüͷĿһ˲˲ضţƺЩ䡣
λ̾Ϣһſ˵˭֪ǿѪѪʵһ䣡
䣿
ǧͷɿһ¡
ǿѪѪôأ
ǰҲܹѪѪǿǳ·ŪصĸоսӾ磡
£ǾȻ˵ѪѪһ䡭ô⵽һ䣬Σ
ǧƣһʱֻû·⣬á
۾ڲΰӿɼǧɫãе˲ɢȡ֮һĨɫǧƣοڣûµġ
ָܵϵȶȣǧֻй˵ůǳǳЦѪѪѣô϶ûµġ
Цˣ˲ģü֮Ϊ˼֣һ̲ˮ
䣬Ϊʲôأǧƽһ䣬λ˵һЩ𣿡
λϱ˵ģһ뵽ѪѪǧѵһģѪѪǳǧҵλС㣬ǧѩ
ǸˣҲûʲôϵ
һ룬λǿڵѪѪǧѵһӵѪѪʵǿѪҺҲһּõĲƷ˰ٲѣû֪ѪѪʵ䡭
λ΢٣ֵǧǰѪｵ٣ѪٲΪҲΪ˲׽Ѫ伫սѪնɱʳѪ⣬ǣ𣬿Ѫʵǿڻ֮ǰһξѪǵξѪѪ䡣
ǧȻѪѪ﷢ŭ䣬ôС˵Ƶģ
Ȼأǧѯʡ
λеѪ˵ϣ˳ΪѪѪǧδѪѪ֣ΪǵξѪѾɢ˭룬ĻǻѪѪȻÿηĵı˵ȫģѪٴν٣ǰ𣡡
ǧһΣÿηĵı
ֲѪѪǺûһոУѲɣģ
˵ֻѪļ壬ҲʱѪή˼䡭ǧüͷһʱ־ֱһƪħС˵
˼ǣѪѪͬü˪
λϲ˸ǴʦǳǶܵѹȸУһòŵѪѪʵֻҪѪѪѣ¡
ɫڡ
ǧҲһ飬;˰λϲ֪飬ٴ˵ϹԲ̱ǷӰѪѪĹؼֻҪѪԲ֮ڣ㲻ѣֻҪѾ£



1194 ѪѪ

ԣǧٴһ顣
ҲûôϹԲ̣ѪѪԼѵģ
ѵúãŷ
ոʱǣ޹ҵģҲҪȥ£ǣңһѪѪҪ
ΣҪνԿףԼʲôѪѪʲôѪûаϵ
ңˣ뵣ģһҪ㳤þءǧɫѿĴӣѹο˼䡣
ʶüۡ
ǷԺ󣬷ΣһĨǺӣöġ
˵Ŀɵ棿ƿ꣬ǳһ䡣
˵ҪԼþá仰һ֣ģ֫ٺнһĨ˵ů⣬ⰲģʲôѪʲô䣬ֻҪڣܱȻ
ΥҲҪȫ
Ҳµġۣ˵üΪء
ǧЦüۼᶨҲԼµġ
λϲ֪룬ٴοڵѪѪȸ½ʥŮǧѩҲûп֮Ӧûоѣԣǲغ¡
ǧһ˫Ҳ֪ҪҪ˵
˵ǧѩҵʱǧѩӴûоʲôر֮Ⱦżͷٴλָ̬ţѪѪҲдȶ
˭λһʱ¶ӵĽѵˣ
Ⱦʶǧܾһ˿ͬѰϢ
ңõļԦѪ﷨ȣ˵ѪɣѪ﷨ȱϾԻģǻϵħʦҲ˲簡
Ѳɣ뵽˴ȾͷһҲЩ䡣
ôԡòײҵ峤ѪȴΪѪѪ黹δԲҪˣ
ȾȫԸ²⣬һִɫȴǰ׵
Ⱦ壬ôˣ¼ɫԣһ䡣
£õġȾڰ֣˵¡
üȴû׷ʡ
ǸʵǧһǾ˵ǧѩȷѪѪѪѪҡ
һֹλϾȾҲԭء
˵ԼѪѪ
ôԣ
Ƕ֮װȾȻЩ뷨ǧ˵Ǿõɴκ
˵ģѪѪλϽǧͷҲһһģҪѪѪôźã
ǧͷĿ⵭ĺܣѪѪҲûҪƭǰɡ
һλȫ˳ĬҲһƬҰ֮ɫ
ǲŸոҵ峤Ůȴ֪ȻǴ˵еѪѪǸ֮ˣ
ҪģԾȪ֮µ峤峤˰ֻҪѪѪûѾͺˡ
λϾץסʲôһæתǧȥʵѪѪûоѰɣûоѣ㽫û֮ǡ
ȾҲһеؿǧ
ǧָ⣬ɸһЦʵѾˡ
ʲô
Ȼˣ
ǲδʲô֮󰡣⵽ô£
㽫ѪϹԲˣλʡ
ǧҡҡͷδܵвʱѪѪͻȻѣʹվʱǣͣЪʱ;弫Ϊҵʱ֪ѪѪȻҪģ񣬵ȫ˽ˡ
ô
ôλ͵ص˼ҲЩǱΪѪѪûоѣ˭뵽ѪѪȻԼˡ
Ѫİ
Ҫ˼䣬ΪľǱˣ뽫Щ½ȥ
ѪٵĴ۱ǧôءôͻȻ;أλϵĲҰ׺ۼΪ˼֣ǺãѪѪȻʱضҪοѾˣǰԵޱȰ
еĵǣǧͷһů޷ҵκˣҲֻѪ˭ҪҵҶʬΣ
г˰󲻾һݡ
ǡλϻҪ˵ЩʲôȴǱǧˡ
ϣ赣ģԼԼͦģȫûκβ֮
λϼǧȣİĲ˲٣ʲô͸˵峤ŮҵѪЩϵȻ߾ȫ㡣
ǧá



1195 С

εɫȴЩѿ򴽣ʵѪѪʲôƽ֮
λ΢٣ϸһǿڵ֮ᵹǿһԣǶ֮ЧҲǿϣһҲͼ߻ЩۿҪɹ˭֮Ǳ˸ˡ
һǧЩӡ
֮ߵġȾҲʶǧ˼ۡ
Ϊ񣬲δȥǾװױǣ˭뵽ǧ֮ŮֶŮ
֮ҲǸҵȫûë
ȾΪĻǵһޣʱˣСֶŮֻ»ģûá¶źǧָ⣬ſڵʵɡ֮ҵУڰ׻ѰѰһȱȻΪˡ
˭룬õЩԼ˵ġ
ЩҲԼ˵ġԣڿԼң׬Լ˵Ľң
ǧգգ۾һʱֻͷ˵ĸоͦƵġ
λϱͦϧģǧ˵ǴӿϧΪϲ⻹ڤڤ֮еԵְΪᱻȥɵͷỹԼ
ǧҲ̾һǰԵ֡
ܣٴγһ䡣
λٴɫֻһԣɾЧǶ֪
üͷ
ϲҲѵ˳Ĭ˵׻
ⲻܵģô
˵ı鶼ЩԾǧæǿ˵ǱģôѪѪ˺Լأ
ϲȻ̧ͷۿﶼЩģĲ𣿡
ǧЦϲֵͷģô϶µġ
ϲһˣǱãǱã
ǧЦЦҲ˵ˡ
νƣһɿһЩǧüĿͣģҲµġ
ǧǳЦ֪ˣղѾ˵һˡ
ι
λҲ˵ôصĻˣæǻ˼˽ӽǵС㣬ԴҪԴүһľаأЩǲǵġ

ΨŮ˭
ȻλôӣٿȾҲǼΪģ
ˡŮ˰ԱߵӣҲ˰Ϊγǻ˺ɫ
а
ǲʣֻ߹ȥһСá
ǧǳЦһ
λϰڰ֣ȥסɣǵãҪõģ
ͷǶô˵ˣҵͼλǴȥסĵط
ȥסĵطǧӷεġ
ץסС֣ε֡
ǧ䴽һЦڻмִ
ǲǿһۣᾢֻǷްɡȴҶԣֻǰ·ѡ
߳ǵסԺǧֿ˺ЩˣЩ˽úĿ⿴ǣӺʹ
ЩʳˣΪγҪдأ
Ҫȥõס
ǵǺݣֻóľ
ǧһ۱㿴еĺ֮ɫûжͣŤͷֱӸתˡ
ûã˾ʹһǰЩſڵľҲúÿСˮƵģԴ
סˣʲôԸ˵һ¾ͳˡС˵ţڴżֹ
ǧһδǰס˲סϵ⣬ɼЩ˵ȷľģֻһ۱ܸо񷿵ȷǼõġ
Ҳܹͨסȥġ
ǧԽԽ⣬еЦҲ˼֣ӺƯлˡ
ûʲôġЩͷһӡ
ǻûƯŮӣɫѣ͸Ůһ
ܵǵҲûڼӣȻ˰ɣôƯ϶Ե˲һ
ԵľǶħŮ
ǧȫ֪Щ˸ֵȻԲ˺öණ
ȥɣҪȥЪϢˡǧǣǳ˵һ䡣
Щ˵ͷæȥ
һߣطҲž˼֣ǧǰľ£ЦסݵȷõĺܣЩǶǻͦġ
䣬ǧ۲ǰסĵط



1196 С

νַͷϣºͣǶܲЩ˶㣬ͦõġ
ǧͷһůٴ䴽Ц
ͷվһŽ뵽סУסͷһС͵ԺӣԺ˻ݣЩݱţԶϵɻɲƵġ
ϲ˲䱻ǰľЦø仨һףطƯ˵磬ǰ𣿡
ǧش𣺡Ӧþģİɣúܡ
ϲ͵صͷԶԶԣǳÿġ
ιۺԺԺ˽뵽С
ͦģȻûôҲ͸¶һӱϣô෴˺ϲ
˾ϼסˡ
ڶ죬ŸǧǾͱѡ
˵ǽҪȥϼ峤峤ˣҲǧĵ
һʧɢŮˣȻҪǱһˣȻڵôܹģ
ǧԴ˻ǺģϾȥһҲӦټϳҲҪͨεļѸϼ壬ԣζȥһ¡
ȥȻҪɫ
ϴģ˱ǽݵ·׼ˣ˹
һߣǧǽݵ·չɫģЩڣûЩ·ϸ塣
ǧŤͷΣƽﶼɫ·ӶǼõģ˿̵·ɫأҲǺܺã·ϰߡ
ΣǲϰߵĻԲҲãͱеһɺãǧ·£ת˲Ƕ˷εüۡ
ͬ繣һ˲ҡ
ǧһæĿ˻ȥ
δһЦִ·˼ۣûʲôϰߵģĵȻҪһͬȥݣҲȥ
ϲһ͵صͷǿ⹫ŰȻδһ棬Ҳȥ׵˾ǵ˰вȥĵ
ǧһͷů˼֡
ѽ˰Ǵ·߰ɡǧ·ϱȻһ£ȥݣܹ鲻ܳٵˡ
·ȻȥܲڣȥȴһʸУûô
ݵĵصҵã֮ڲȼţһľϲŰڷƣмƱȻطãŵȻӦʲôݡ
ģ̌һЩ۵λ峤峤˵λЩȥĳϣһЩͨˡ
˼ۣǧ㽫Ŀ˻ȥ
ʱ֮ûˣλϺȾȴˣģҲЩ˼İ˲˼֡
˭ΪλУ
ûˡ˵ˣǲûбߣ£ϵķǳá
˵ǵݵʲôΪγҪϤĶԴ
Ƿ׷ײ²⣬ȴѪ롣
ȫ룬λſڵգһϢҪ
һ
Ϣ
ʲôϢأ
ѲүƳʲôţ
ˢˢλϣڴżֺ档
λҲӣֱӽĿͶǧϣ첻ˣ콫峤ѪҵǵС㣬вɵˡ
һǻȻ
ȻҵҶʧλСˣ
Ѿô꣬ǻΪҲˣ˵룬վȻҵͻȻȻЩ⣬Ǹˣ峤Ϊ˼ãǴ඼ܹշҵŮȻ˵Ľ
ֻϧ峤峤ѾȻԶŮȺס
ϧͬʱ䴽Ц
С㣬ӭؼң
Ļǧ˹ͷҲůůġ
ǧЦ˲е˴ů
СЦƯңú峤
ǿС峤ǳһģһɺÿˡ
Цʱ򣬾͸ŮһԣоŮҪÿ
ǰÿġ
ǧĶϾȻЩ죬ӱǼ⣬ܸоıô޹ֲ˼ġ
С峤λʱֹͣ
ǧÿۣ֮ϣλϽһݵǧУ룬ֽݵκͷϲС
СˣҲһȥݰɡλ˵š
κͷϲȻġ
ͬǧһϣģϡ
е㣬λϵĻߵݡ



1197 ļ

λϿǵľٶ峤λ峤峤ˣŮǻˣǿǵǰߵء
λ˵ţۿ֮оЩģˣǵŮҲѾɼңջǵŮһģҿεĺܣŶȻϲɣ
һ˽ס
һһСеģСķͺӣһģһϮݷҲԽϵڸǵ
СòǣķͺҲѷɫ
Ϊ峤Ѿѵһӣ˭룬СķǾΪˣɡ
˲Χһ˵ſ佱Ļֱӿǧһ졣
Ⱦſ֮Լδʱ˳޵ӣɷһӵĳƺžҪסˣ
һȴҲûж˵ʲô
ʱǧѾ˶¯Уλϼˣǽǻ
˷˷䣬
λϿǣֽĿͶǧϣ峤ǰߵݣѾʩҵĹأ󣬱ʽΪҵˣͬͬĸ׸硣
Щϲؿǧɵǧʱһ죬ͷҲһ̴ͷССҲȥ
ǧЦ´磬ΪβҿңѵҾô𣿡
ûУֻǡæ̧ͷòŲ£෴رƯֻͷһôûû᲻ٴνøŪˣ
֪ЩʲôǧֱӳĿȻȥȥɣҸûй˼Ҳ
棿ڴؿ
ǧͷģĺܣȻģȻƭʲô
һЦˣеĸҲ˼֣Ҳǧˡ
¼֮ѾʩϣһϯѸ뿪ãٴ峤ߡ
ȥԺλ̽ͨ˸ǲɢˣֻǧǺȾǡ
λϢͨѾ֪Ϸ飬Ϊ֤ɿһ䣬գǷһ¶
Ⱦ뵽Ϸ¶üͷȷһ£ʱͻȻǧӿ֣ڰеөҲͻȻ֣Ŀģҵˡ
һͷһ¡
֣ڰҪˣ
ڰ᲻ǳꣿôҪˣλɫ䣬ȻףҲ֪Ǻڰġ
Щ˵Ķ֪˶ٿˣ
Ⱦ䣬Ŀ֮ҲȻ˼ָ֮ɫ꣬ͻȻֵģ˵Ƿ˻᳤֮ҹţǻ᳤δȥݷ˰׼Ż
λϵɫЩѿǺڰˣΪҪĿתƵˣһֱôڰעˣ
ǧ˵ڰᣬε°ڡ
λдһĨЦ⡣
ʱȾĦӿڵϣڰ᳤ֻʣһөˣֳ꣬ȻҪˣ˵ȥǵʵ
ǧ󣬲ƵƵͷ
ȾЩҲġ
ڰʵѣãǲûеóѣ
λ󣬲ôӵۣǺڰĻΪãΪֱڰΡ
Ⱦ۾ҲȷڰΣЩ˰ڲ
λ߹ȴЩģڰѾˣһƻûгɹ᲻ֻļƻ
һȾҲ˳Ĭһǿڵҵ峤ΣҶᱣƽ£úڰ˵óѡ
峤ˣЩϵҲͷˡλߣź룬ǰ
ǧı֤֮ԣҲ䴽ЦЦ
˵һӣûʲôˣλϰڰ֣ǶȥҲʲôҪ¶ˣȻȥЪϢɣЩͰסļҡ
ۣǧеůŨ˼֡
ƿ촽ǳЦǸ׼ǺϲȻȥϢˡ
˵ţǧŷκͷϲһͬ뿪
λǵıӰϵЦһֱȥ
صסԺǧÿһԵϣ֣ϵĲ豭аţҵ˻ǴӺÿͣͦϲġ



1198 ʥ

ԭĵﾹȻѾˣΪź
ǳЦѾѪˣȻϲסñסãļҡ
ǧȻͦϲҲһֱסʺɽӣϲȥ洳˫ԼԽԽǿ
ȻվڸߴһУҪġ
ǿԵģҲܾôһġǧеĲ豭£һϲȥȹЩӣǾ뿪Ұɡ
νֱָϣʵŸոϣ뿪
ǧתתſ˵ˣһܻİҲûʲô
һ䣬Ҳǡ
ǧЦЦ㽫ĿƿȻ뵽ԼľŰѾøΪˣҳ˵䣬Ҫ䡣
ЩӣȷоЩԾرƣͣΪ۵ģ˵ģ֢״ӦóѪѪϰɡ
˵Ҫ
뵽˴ǧƣģһ·˺ЩΣգÿһζữΪģѪѪҲȡ
ûţ
ôˣɫ仯ۣͣһ䡣
ǧҡҡͷûʲô
Ų˵ʲôǵġ
οһۣü䣬ûЩʲô
ǧ˿
ûˣȻҲ֪˵
ǻк֮ᣬӦûûµġ
ǧЦЦܿ㽫еɫڸ
ɿ䶯˼£ȴʼû˵
ȸ½
ǧѩѾˣϼҴڵģǧٷһˡ
ǧٷ粻֪ʲôѾڰ׻½չˣƫڹ۶ϻǧҵլûˣڻסĶ
￴ǰ仯ܴȸʳǣֻͷЩ£üڻʲôûҲûסĵطǴǷ¶𣿡
ǧˮæ˳·ʾҪ˵
ڵǧѩѾˣͲǰǸǰޱȵʥŮˣܾڶ˺öıƣµĺܡ
ȴûʲôǾǧѩǰһ
һߵĶģ
ǧˮһۣʲôѲɣ˵ò𣿡
ǧˮʶǧѩһֲۣͷСԼ׵ˣʲôȥ˵ɣ˶ӵģ಻ã
᲻ãǧˮһۣûгϢǧһ붼硣
ǧ磬ڻͷǺʹġ
ǧˮ˵һߣĲ˵ˡ
ǧѩǵĶԻնУ䴽ЦЦȫ䣬δҲûЩʲô;Ϸ
Σϲ̨Ķпޣ
˵ûУǧѩ䣬żֱ˵ơ
ǧˮһŵû궼ûˣֺܿƽˣЩĵ˵˵ѩôǲЩã
ǧѩһرЦҳ㣿ΪԼǸʲôҳ㣿ǿЩˣߴߴᣬЦ˿ȥˡ
һЩŭɫǧˮȰ裬˵˵⺢ӣȻ˵㻹Тһôд
ף˵ˡǧˮסϣҪ˵ˣȻǧѩָҪʲôµ
ǧѩ󣬱Цһ㲻һѣǧҵĵճŮȸ½ʥŮƾҲΪ㾡Т
㡭ᡣ
˵û˵ư͡һֱĬǧٷͻȻһ䶯Ŵ꣬ʱ˵ˡ
ǧٷŤͷǧѩ϶ʱЦ⣬ѩܸߵͻȻȸ½˵ҪʲôǲѾڰ׻½չ𣿡
ǧûˣǾҲû֮أοȸ½չѸ٣Ͱεض𣬽ǧȡ֮
˿ǱļƼˣָһ
ܾλᷢʲô¶
ǧѩǿһۣ˵񣬻ֳˣ½Ļʵ۶磬ѪѪȻҪΪȸʵ۷ǽˣʱҪָǧҵҫβֵ
ǧٷ羹мֵ䴽Цѩ˵ĲֻҪñ¿ģǧҾָܻҫ
ǧٷǧѩļ򣬵ѩǧҵҫͿˡ
ǧѩЦɫȴǻ˻ΣһĨ黮



1199 

ڲ䣬ǧˮеɫ飬ɫȻġѪѪ
Ϊλ飿
Ӧø߸ϣ߰˵
ΪʲôҪ飿
ѵѪѪˣ
ǧˮһɣȴֲҶԣͲǧѩЩԾˣͺڰǣھѪѪҲǼٵġ
죬ôأ
ǧˮſˮȴֲҽֳһǧѩ֪ԼĻɣᱻڵġ
뵽˴ǧˮ̽ĿջأұֳһȫȻ֪ģҲֻˣԼܰȫ
ǧѩҲ֪ǧˮʲôµˡ
ΪǧˮǲݰûʲôвģһҪȥ£Ҹջס°ɣȽ֮һǵġ
ڰ׻½չĻͷȻвٽҵģγҲ˲٣ȻһͷģһҲ⡣
ǧٷ󣬱ǵͷɣھȥջȥȸǼ䣬ʱҪǰ
ǧѩڰ֣ܿ뿪ˡ
ȸʳǵĻʹһư磬߽ͷܸܵһ֮
ǧѩһϮ£̬ŷǳЩ֮ʱϲδ仯Ǹ̹Ȼģ
䣬һȥ
ʱ˴ڲԶͤ
£ͤ˿˾סȴ͸һǧѩͣ˽Ų
ͤǴʦεľλΪ˵ĴʦȴǱǧǼԵߵɶ
ǧѩԼָָϱѪˣûиоκεʹС
֪ܾԺǧѩǽɿҲĿ˻ȥ
£θͲͤУ㽫ͤˣҲΣЩȥȸʵۣʱ򣬽᳤ɣµõ᳤Ρ
뵽˴ǧѩӿŲȸʵڵ鷿ȥ
ȸʵ۱Ҳ뽫ǧѩٻ¶ȴû뵽ǧѩȻԸˣȸʵۼȻǸ˷ǳġ
ʥŮǻˡȸʵæЦӭԭ㴫ٻ˭룬㾹Ȼˡ
ǧѩ΢΢һֶģ£Ůۿʱ򣬾Ƿֻ˳ûЩ˱ǰҪţȻ˵Ҳ˲ٰգֵüΪأд½ˡ
ȸʵ۵ȻҲ˵£ܺ͸½Ļʵһ෽
Ψһ׵ķѪѪȥԸڰˣҲΨˣܻ½ʢ̫ƽ
ǰʱҵĽȷʵ˲ٰաǧѩڳһϧģֵԣŮʲôԸ
ȸʵ۵ЩģǧѩʥŮ޵ˣ޵ȷҪʥŮġ
ǧѩ䴽ٴθ˸·Ը
ȸʵֽʥŮѪѪʸԸڰˡ
ǧѩ۾µ˼ǣ
񣬺ڰٴδϣԿڰᡣȸʵۣ
ôǧѩЩĽĿͶ𴦡
ģ
ѪѪ
˶֪϶ѪѪ
Ҳ˵ֻκȥ
ǧѩһ˫һҵʲô˵ǣǡϹԲ̲УûԲҸξѣֵֿڰûˡ
ȸʵһҲ⻰мֵѪѪδѣȷûа취ڰԿġ
£ʦβȸ½
˵ȥ˰׻½ҹͤУȴûһҪ˼
ȸʵҲЩ絽жãȻ÷
£ʦͤСȸʵЩΪѵ˵
ǧѩһΣǳЦŮ֪ڹۿʱŮʦء
ȸʵ۲Щ졣
֪εӣϲˣȻȥΪӵ⵽Ϊʲô
˵ǰϲװģ
ǲϣʵȥ
һ뵽˴ȸʵоһŭӿ˿òŽŭѹȥ
ǧѩ粻ٴοڵʦڰ׻½ǹۿô򵥣ʵ߻һء
һˣ
ȸʵ˲Щ棬ҹͤУ߶һ˻˭أ
˭ȸʵۣȲһ䡣
ǣǧǧѩ䴽һЦҲҧúء



1200 Ů˺÷

Ȼǧ
Ů˲ǰѾ
ôͻȻˣ
ȸʵº֣̲סٴοʵǧѾôͻȻڰ׻ǣĪ㿴ˣ
ȸʵЩţһôͻȻֲ֣д
ţǧѩһ´꣬ٴοڵ£Ůûп˵ȷǧҲûúúõģʦһӡ
ȸʵüһŮ˾Ȼûúúò˵˸ӡ뵽˴ȸʵֻͷЩ£ǸŮȻֻˣֱЩ˼˵Ůûкͺڰ᳤򶷣ЩϢҲǼٵģ
ѧԺ˺ܿ϶˵ǧڰ᳤򶷵ʱԱɽ¶ġ
ǸûбҪƭˣ˵ǧԼԵʣ
Ů󡣡ȸʵ۾͵͵غһ
еŭɫǧѩתٴο˵˵Ҳ֣ǧһ˾ͻȻˣ֮᲻ʲô
ȸʵ󣬻Ҳһ¡
ȷʵôɵ飿
ңѾͻǧڰϸ𣬾ǰڷγְûнǸŮ
£Ůֻ½ȷѪ굱С
޾֪ŮͺڰĻôɵ飿ȸʵۻڲ
ǧѩԼͶȡȸʵ۵Σٴιԣǧ϶ˣŻԴʦ£㻹ǸϽּôʦɣȻҪŮԻסˡ
ȸʵһ룬ôϴһ̫ȥͤеҹ޽й
С̫պյģЩū
䣬ܳȥˣ̶Ҷ
ûãҹͱйˡ
ҹһϮ£࣬ûаЦ̬ȸʵԺϥأμ¡
ԺҹҲﴧȣȸʵ۽ν¡
ɡȸʵ۰ڰ֣ʾҹվ
ҹ֧ӣɵʹüۣһ䣺֪»ǰν£
ȸʵ۳ҹһۣ΢һſ˵ҹŴʦڰ׻½ǲǣ
ҹͷûдǵġ
ٷڰ׻йۿͱ򷢻ͤе飬鴦ϣҲȥӵġ
޻ţʦ߶ˡȸʵ۰ŴĴָϵָ΢΢ת˼Ȧڵǲǰҹ
ҹüһʱ䲻˵Щʲô
£ˡ޶ۣ֪˵Щʲôҹܳʵؿڡ
ȸʵ۵ҲûмƽϣָţǧȻˣһΪʦһСӣϲ£ޣȴǸող֪ġ
ⷬ·ڳҹ֪鲻
ҹüŤͷʱ㿴ǧѩվһԣζ꣬ȻޱЩ黹ܿͨ͸ġ
žǧѩȸʵ˵Щʲôȸʵ۲ŻὫġ
ҹȻ£ΪⲢʲô£δˡ
ȸʵһǴʦ˵ķݶϣȸʵ۲ûôֻǰڰˣ䣬㻹˵ɡ
ҹԥһ£վ
ǧѩվһ࣬ʵг֮⣬Щֻ
ţ׻ǵ鰮Ҳ˵˰ɡȸʵһתܿͶҹϡ
ҹ΢٣úſڵ˵˵ɣѾ˵ˣ˵εĻڣ׻أܿͱҲûɴ
ȸʵͷһЦϢͨ
ҹ򴽣û˵
ȸʵ̧ǰһֻ˵޾ΡǧһҲŻˣǰǧҲ˵Ǻڰĵҹô
ҹ۾ʶǧѩһۣŮ˿϶ָȸʵ˵Щʲô
ȻҲὫ˺ǧϵһ
ҹҧҧаޣ
ŮˣƽŸ߹ǳ˺֮ȴթա
Ϲ۾ˡ
ҹɫȴɵʹüۣ޲Ϊٷ˵ӵжϣЩеĻ²Ҫš
䣬ڳһģ
ȸʵ۾ܾЩġ
ҹǧ˵


1201 ˵Щʲô

۾֮˵㵹ҳϣһֱǧ˵ûѵͲǧĹ˺ڰᣬҪԴʦ½
ҹֻЩĪ
ٷȻҪͶڰܳɾʹ
˵˵ˣ
ҹȻͷô룬ϿɲôţΨ˵ǳԼӣٷˣȻҲŵġ
Ȼ֪˭Ǻˣ˭ǻ
Ƕǧϴˣ߷ǳҹǴʦˣҲֻ֣ߺߵ˦˦ӣĿ֮ջĺܡ
ҹվһ࣬ȴȸʵ۵ķԸ
ȸʵƽãſ˵ҹȥʦѰҴ޵ĿôʦϹԲǰޡ
ҹ룬Ȼ޷ܾǾֻܴӦˡ
ҲֻǱϴӦѣʱԼӣôˡ
ּҹ˷䣬ûʲô飬£ھȥӡ
ȸʵ۰ڰ֣ȥɡ
ϣҹϾȥ
ҹ䣬ת뿪
ǧѩҹ뿪ıӰһ䣬£ҹģǱǧŪȥˣı»Ǽġ
ȸʵ۾һõϹԲ̣ʥŮ֮󣬴ʦǶȻ֪ŮĿ޲
ǧѩЩǵ£ʦὫϹԲ̴𣿡
ȸʵһֻͷһѻƿ꣬ЩԵŭɫҡȻޱȵĴʦǻʵۣȸ½֮ˣʦҲ棡
ȸʵ˵ĵġ
ǧѩһϵЦݸΪ˼֣Ǿ̫ˣڰ˴Ժ½ָƽ
ȸʵۺץǧѩֱţʥŮЩúúЪϢѪѪݲаء
ǧѩһЩգգۣͷȴţǱ£Ůȸ½Ѿûլˣһֱסڿջֻж㣬ҳֵĺܡ
ȸʵ֪ǧҵ
ǰǧҾΪǷһƨծȽмҵԴ֮ǧұڱĴ½չˡ
ķ˿ҲסűļүС㣬⽫լ
ȸʵȻҲõ壬ϾҪʵ۵λӣͱ£壬ǽãǳ֮ơ
Ѿ˽ǵˡȸʵƬ̣ſڵǰסլͱҲʹǿӲֶΰǶѾΪ׼µլӣǧլȻҲǲġ
ǧѩȫǾϲ֮ɫ
ȻѾ׼µլӣȸʵ۵ĳĺ㰡
ǧѩæллŮмȻȫΪǽѣ
ȸʵһЦüΪʥŮ仰޾Ͱˡ
ǧѩЦЦһʱȴû˵
ȸʵ۴С̫࣬С̫๭ӽ룬һ̧ͷģȸʵ۵ķԸһŷݵǧѩС
լӵķԺˡȸʵһ󷽡
ǧѩŷϵļˣл£л¡
ȸʵЩˣɹһȴǰڰ֣Ȼȥ׼ɣЩˡ
Ůˡǧѩ˸ӱ뿪ˡ
ھ԰ʱǧѩǼһϮɫī裬˿֮ͤУԶҲ֪Щʲô
ӵ¡ǧѩʹߵͤ⣬ī踣˸
ī̧еЦѾ˿ʣµֻһƬںڵ䣬ԭʥŮʲôʱȸ½ģ
Ѱұ󣬾Ѿصȸ½
˼ǧںԼɷٯٯģȥʲôְģ
뵽˴īϵľƱһڣһ˲糺죬Ǻһ㡣
ǧѩˣϵЦԣȹָ߽΢΢ϵľƺջӵ£Ϊһڴ˴ƾƣ
ī̧һۣȺȶѡ
ǧѩһЦδīĶ棬֪ӵʲôأǺǧйذɡ
īüͷһ壬ȴûп˵
ǧѩб䣬˵ӵ¶ǧĲѣǧȴûƵģתͷʦǰҪãΪʦһСӣӵµⷹģվҪˡ
īеľƱɫѿ
Ů˵Щʲô
֮ī轫ľƱ£䣬ڱǰ˵Щʲô
ǧѩһûõҲƽֻΪ´򱧲ƽѡ



1202 ҹͻȻˣ

ǧѩ΢٣ֵôϲǧȴ㲻мһˣŮʵڿɶ£ѵ͸Ըǧˣת𣿡
䣬ǧѩһΣкֳһĨԹ֮ɫ
ܹīԹޣŶԸǧǣǾ̫ˣ
īʲô˰ôԹޣҲʵ̫С˰ɡ
īǧѩһۣЦʥŮļʵڲУΪֵòҪԹޣҪı̬
ǧѩ΢ȫû뵽īֱ׵˵
īһЦʥŮǱ׷˼ˣ̬ȵˡ
Ȼϲǧ֪ǧţϲ񣬿ɵ֪ǧ˷εĺʱ춼ˡ
ˣûҪǧǵĲʹ죬ֻϣԺܺǧΪѣֻ㹻ˡ
ǧѩȻ䣬־úЦ
ŮҲܳΪʥŮ
ˣҲֻһ˵ѡǧѩæĿڣҲ˼־֮ɫֻɺã
ī۾ĿĵЩ¡
ǧѩ̿ˮһʱ֪˵Щʲôá
ī费ϵĲ豭ֱʥŮûʲô£뿪ɣϲľϲ
ǧѩ߷ǳ˫նŤˣҧҧûñ֧ӣŮȸˡ
뿪ʱǧѩ˷䣬һɫҺٿڵ䣬ȻֱīľƱ֮С
īǿʲô΢΢һУէֶ
ǧѩδɫҺƱʱЦüΪģ֮ҲһĨ⡣
ī費ɫ££䣬δһ㡣
ǧѩ뿪Ժī迴ǰľƱüͷ΢΢˼֡
ûпĻǧѩӦƱҩˣɾʲôҩ֪ӦǶҩʲôİɡ
ī迴ǰľƱֳһĨ֮ɫ
ִƱҪӡʱī뵽ʲôһæֹͣµĶ
½ƱϣĿĵģһĨ⣬֮Ʊվ
ī˷䣬ֱ԰ҵѲߵ
ϥأμӵ¡
īæ佫Щɡ
ֱվ֪ˣν£
ī轫Ʊݵǰ
ǰľƱЩĪ
ӵǺ⣬ĪȾƣ
ǰľƱȴٳٲ֡
ī迴еɻ󣬱Цſڵ佫ŲЩණȥһʲôϢ߱
ԭ뽫Ʊҵģһ뵽ǧѩҩô򵥣;Ūʲôҩź㡣
ΪȣҲΪ˼֣£˵ˮж
ī۾ûжһ֪ˣҪΣϣ֪
֪ʱش󣬾ȻҸӵ¶ȫǲҪĽֲ࣬ӵҪ˽
СĽƱ˵·ģȥ죬˷ֵġ
ī֪ӣԸķġ
žƱתߡ
Զҵǧǣ֪ȸ½Ѿӿˡ
ǹӰӣֵ߲ˣðֱֵͬɡ
һ죬ǧһ׼ȥԺóԵģߵ·еһСʯͻȻɢ⡣
⼱٣·ʲôڽ
̽Сʯȡüͷ΢塣
СʯϵĹâҫۣ̾ͰǧĿ˹ȥΣСʯΪͣʲô𣿡
ǧȻ뵽ҹȸ½СʯͷͻȻǺҹйأ
֪ЩʲôΪ󣬵СʯͷͻȻɢ⣬ȷΪҹͤΪͻȻѶңܸܵ˾ڰ׻С
ǧڷСʯӣҹͻȻ׻ǣȻʲôҪ£Ҫȥ׻в̽һ£
΢΢Ĭ֮ǿ˵ҲãȥΪǰ
Ϊ˵飬ǲİɡǧ˵Цţʵˡ
û˵ͷȴͬ
߰ɣȥơǧ䴽һЦĿȻҺÿ
䣬κͷϲתߡ
˼гȥ˼Щ棬ҪȥĶ⴦ط𣿡
ǧͣ½ŲطȻǼõģЩҪҪȥһˣܻܿˡ



1203 ȥ

˵Ҳûвģֻǳȥ͸͸ѣûʲôġ
ǳȥɣҪЩ˵š
˵ǧЦЦ֪ˣǶġ
ŷ
ǧҲ֪˴󷨵İ취ܿ뿪ˡ
һȥ㿴ïܵɭ֣ǰ׻⣬ֻҪ߼ִܵڡ
˿̣ҹڳڵŷǵûã㿴ϤӰҹ˫ȻҲżϲ֮ɫ
ӣٷˣҹһģ
γҹһۣȻкܶ໰ʣ˴˶ӵģ׼Ȼذ׻ǵլ˵
լڣθֶ䵭ΪͻȻ׻ǣʲôҪ𣿡
ҹͷæǽȸ½˵˳
ǧһǧѩ֣üͷǸǧѩͻ顭
ҹͬеصͷ飬ٷ˺ͺڰйϵʵ̫ɶˣ
ȸʵҽϹԲ̴ȥƿ꣬һ䡣
ҹͷǵģΪͻȻ֣½Ļʵ۾ܾһԲߣĽѪѪԸڰᣬǧѩͻȻصȸ½ģ˵ҪѣͱӵϹԲ̣ˣѰӻȥ
üһУէ֡
ǧָ⣬Ц˵ǧѩǲԽԽͿˣֲѪѪõϹԲҲѲˣⲻ
ҹԣʵҲֵĺܣǧѩ
Ҳֵúܡҹ˵еɻ󣬡ʱһĵƱҪϹԲ̵õģҲ֪ڴʲô⡣
ǧޱɫЦŵǺڰҪɡ
ڰ᣿
ҹһʱֻþﲻѣǧѩȻͺڰо
䲻ѪѪҲȸ½ʥŮԸʶ
ҹ򴽰꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǿҹľᣬǧƿ촽ģǲǾúܲ˼飬ʵϾ˰ȻʥŮλ󣬵Ҳ˽ȥһȥˣͻʣ̬ӲȣŻúڰлɳˡ
һҹҲе
ֻǾǧѩ̫ȶˣúڰ˵óˣ
ҹתͷΣʵӣ㻹ҪϹԲ̴ȥȸʵ𣿡
££䣬û˵ƺ˼ʲô
ҹһۣûг
ȥᡣγĬƬ̣ſ˵һ䡣
˵ҹҧҧֿ꣬ѯһ飬ӵ治ȥȸ½ȸĻʵۻ᲻
޷ΰڰ֣ɫڷƮҡת˲Ⱦһİߵ㣬ɲǺÿǳƲĿ⡣
ô˵ҹһ˲Ҳ
Ҳȥȸ½ģǸһ壬ʱϹԲ汻ǧѩȥˣҲ֪ʲô
ȥõѡ
ȥõġҹ˵һ䣬ȸʵҲǧѩԻˣȥˣҲ֪ʲô¶
ǧЦųҹ˼ۡ
ǰҹͦϲǧѩģ˵󷽸߹ʲôġ
ȴǽǧѩ˳棬ϲ֮鶼ûˡ
ҹǧѩмЦ⣬Ҳ֪ЦЩʲôһ´ǣʲôû˵
ǧָ⣬Ҳû˵˼
ʼնĬš
Ƿϲֻϲسҹ˼ۣҿ˵ҹ壬Щһֱͤ𣿱ȥͤģˣ
ϲЩ˷ܣͤ״ȥģľд䣬ҲмƮɢǸõĵط
ҹṴ˴ǣǵģµȷͤУʱӦǲܻȥˡ
ϲһϵϲɫŨ֣̫ˣҹ㱦ˡ
ҹЩܳؿŷϲ֡
ϲ棬ͺñȸһֳ붼ܴ̼
ҹþֻܾӲͷƤӦֺܿ׼ȥԼķʰ
ǧľٶĵѵЩӣǲסլС
ҹһɶеĶסլסĶ
ǧҹǷεĸҲ޷ģĻǴҽҹ棬ܹ˻ɵġ
μǧи֪ʵ˼ҲûֹҹƷŵùġ
Щһֱסҡǧ䴽˵һ䡣
ҹһЩҡѲǴ˵еǸң
ɡ


1204 ¿ķѧԺ

ʲôңǸҰɡҹ̿ˮֻԴЩκġ
ǧƿ꣬ЦΪ󣬡ȷǸңǸصҡ
ҹһȻɴ˫
Ǹ˵еޱȣҼϲӣѰ˸üǼҲš
ǾȻסңе׷ʲô
ô£ôͻȻסˣҹſˮЩѵһ䡣
ǧָָԼЦһΪʧɢŮ֪ҵݣȻҪ׼طסȥˡ
ҹһֻԴЩѣ
Ǽٷ˾ȻôţƵݣ
ȻǴ˵еˣ
ԭѪѪѾޱˣټ˵ݣǧѩˣ
Ǹǧѩڼ߹󣬿ٷǰͲֵһᡣ
ҹһֻͷĪԺС
ҪңһͬȥɡǧƳͷ˵һ䡣
ҹȻ̧ͷЩʵĿô꣬϶ǲϲ˽ģǽȥ᲻ǵķУ
ǧ󣬹һǿ˵Ǵȥģ˵Ȼر𷴸㣬㾡ܷĺˡ
ҹһҲһ뵽ܽȥЩˡ
ǿҰһӶȴڽռסȥֱҡ
ҹֻЩκģûʲô顣
ǧε°ڣ׼ȥˣΣǻȥɣǳҲõģɲǵˡ
һǵ˵ͷãȥɡ
ҹֻýŲЩ鸡
ϲּŲЩҡҡλεģЩ֣ףҹô·ҡҡλεģͷ·ʱˤһ
ǧһۣ˵̫˷˰ɡ
ԭˡϲ°ͣ˵ͷ
׻ľд䣬һ˦ֱǽһ߼ε󷨴򿪣ɲǣԴӳҹС
ҹˣڲоϲһĨ֡
˾סĵط
طȻڰ׻⣬ʳôȻû֣Ҳˣ
ǰ׻ʵ֪סƤӵ£ǻᱻ
ҹҲûҶ룬̧ű뵽ƬԴС
һ뵽棬ҹ;ȫˬһӾͱطˣŤͷ㿴кЩڻ
һֶ˵Ľ䱸͵⣬ͷƤһӾˡ
˸ܵҹ˵ϢЩ䱸Ͳ⣬С㣬ǺˣΪҪһӵĵط˵Ҿͽ̫ƽ
ǵĸǧҹһۣ΢ԲὫҵ˵Ǹ˵ǵһʱͲˡ
Ҳҹһ۳
ҹסֻӵԽۺˣǷģ¾ԲὫһ͸¶Ǹ͸¶֣Բñǡ
ҹ㱣֤ټǧ˵ĸҲˡ
ɰɡϵĽ䱸ɢЦ˵һǻλֵ׼סġ
ҹ΢Щܳл
˰ڰ֣˭Сء
ҹһͷ˵մǧĹ⡣
ҲлסҰ
Ҫȥҹ׼סĵطʱȾµǴһ˳ǼҹԺҲûȣһѰģ
ҹȾǣΪȵġ
ҲʶѧԺˣһλԺһλѧȴңѲɣҲˣ
ҹ˼һԵȴǽɻǳ峤¹ӡ
ҹӲɵɵϴλѧԺԺȻҵ峤λ£ҲѰ
æ˵һߣԲ
Ⱦǧǿһۣ˵Ǹղųȥȥ˽
ǧͷǷεĸⷬǰǴʱˣδط֣Ǿ;Ӧû°ɣ
ʵ˵ġƿ꣬ɫƮҡһ˲·Ȼ
ȾҹҲ֪ҹΪˣȻΪȻǴʦˣȻŵùģǱ°ɣҲиӦ
лǧлϲл
ȾīɫȻ󣬡޷һˡ
ǧ䴽һЦʱַȾżУЩװεüΪÿһҪȥ˵ġ
º棬ѯʣҪȥ񣿡



1205 ݷ

˲ϲӵ𣬾ȻҪ
ȾеļУɳЦȷҪ񣬲˵ݣѧԺԺȥ񡣡
ǧ棬ѧԺݷݷѧѧԺţƣȻҲҪͷԺȥǺιʰ
ڹط֪꣬絽׷ʲôͬҲ֪ѧԺʲô
ѲɣͻȻˣ
δȾ˵Щʲôξͽֱָϣǳ˵Щ꣬ѧԺ˲ŵ㣬ȷǰˡ
ΪΣǧº档
ʶȾһֿۣ˵ԭĴ½Ľ紦ֻѧԺһѧԺǰЩһѧԺͻȻ֣ѧԺзѧԺ񲻿ɵ֮ƽѧԺ壬ѧǼѧԺǰãȫȥѧԺˡ
ǧֻЩ˼顣
һƵѧԺȻֵѧԺĹƣзѧԺѧԺã
ѧԺãǧʳ
ЦŤͷֿȾЩΪѧԺԺӦˡ
ְƤ˹ȾƢЦЦüͷȴ˼֣ʦ˵ЩˣȥѧԺҲôȫȥѧԺͷûȫֹͣǻὫƿȨġ
οЦ
ǧɺ棬ΪʲôЩѧҪȥѧԺʲôǵĵط
Ⱦ˵ģɼǧ棬ֲСֶŮģֻӲͷƤ˵ѧԺ޵ı֮ȻҲ漰֮ͨ͸ټ֮ȽϿעĳЩѧͨ顣
Ȼ󣿡ǧס档
κͷϲͬ档
Ⱦ̾һȫ˵˳ѧԺȻ޵ҩ֮ǵΪ򵥣ʵѧֻҪμͶͨܵõѧԺ䷢Ļ£ʱܳΪҩʦˣҲܵõ½յأ򵥵ȷĶЩѧܲסջȻȥˡ
ǧ󣬲üͷûޱȣҲ̫˰ɣЩҩѧˮ㣬Ҫ´ң
ȾЦҡҡͷǣѡѧʱȻҲҪ΢һʣֻҪһЩ򵥵ĵҩѧˡ
ǧ󣬲ҡҡͷżͦ͵ġ
Ⱦ̾һȷ͵ĺܡ
ǧЩףɾˣżôͣЩ츳õĸὫѧԺԻᱻǸȥ
Ⱦ򴽣һǿ˵Щ츳õȻĸЩԸһѧԺȻԸȥӣܵõ£˰Ǻܺã
ǧ󣬾ҲмֵɻǾѧԺĳ֣Щ֡
ѧԺԺǺˣǧƿ꣬һ顣
Ⱦһ£ſ˵֪˵ء
ǧ۾Ȼء
Ⱦ˵ͷ
ǧ°ͣѧԺ
ҲЩ棬ĺڵ˫һ¡
˵ǽҪȥݷλ˼ҰǧǳЦѯһ䣬ĪǣͷѧԺ⣬Ҫ츳õѧ
ǧ˵ȾҲ䴽ЦǰһҪȥ׻½һи츳ѧսģҲ
ǧһЩȣȥѧİ
Ǿ˼ˡǧָ⣬ӹµµһתЩС˼ۿ
ǲ³ǧС˼β䴽һЦ̲סԴš
ָܵϵȶȣǧЩ۾
ȾֻЩΣʶȤûȥ
һ´֮ǧȾЦȾ壬ǻδȥ׻½򣬽ܴܲһȥ棿
ȾͷȻͬģҲֻȥݷöѣǹȥҲûʲôġ
ǾһȥɡȾƿ꣬ɫӳ£Ʒ˵㾧ӨĹһ˲Щ۾
Ӧǧٴ𴽰꣬Цò÷ǳ
ǱɡȾ΢䣬˵һ䡣
ҹȴͻȻЩ
ٷ˾ȻȾΪ壬ټȾҵ峤ô˵Ļٷ˾Ȼ峤ҲЩϵ
Ϊǧֻ΢еݶѣȴ룬ݾȻ߹󲻷
Ȼ峤ʲôйϵ̫ˣ
Ҫȥĵطǰ׻½һУȻûа׻ʳôȴǸǰҵгĺܡ



1206 

뵽棬ǧ㷢еҲֵͦģؽֽС࣬Ҳࡣ
ǧ¿ţɻ֪ȾҪݷõǺˣ츳ã
ǧʣȾƿ꣬˵ҪȥݷõĵҲͨģСӣ˵СӱǻϵħʦϵǼǿģ˵Сӵ츳Ҳǲ
ԣȾ뽫ŪԸѧԺǧüмִζ
ǧ˵Ⱦƿ꣬ЦȻǳǵģһ츳ѧǽ뵽ѧԺҲƽ˼ΪѧԺѸ𡣡
Ҳǡǧʶͷ
ʱЩӵ˵λСѧԺȥѧԺ
ǧһܾЩ޴źúõѧԺȥƫҪȥиѧԺⲻԼ
ΣҾͦ޴ģң϶ȥȽϸѧԺԼĽŻð˵Բԣ
Ө˫ͷԣ̫иѧԺʵڲȥ
ǧһ˵̫޴ˡ
һһ͵ģȾرЦһǳĴʦȻֶŮѵȮ˴۾
Ⱦ˼ۣʱ»ȥɡ
ǧһҲͷ
ϲҧָ⣬ɿһ䣬ףǸʲôǺܴĹ𣿡
ǧ󣬲һۣϴżЦݣӦİɣλġ
ϲһͻȻõʲôĻͦġ
ףǵͦӰϲҧָ⣬ںм֮ɫ
ǧЦԴ㻹̫Сˣ㳤һЩˣ׾ͰŪ
ϲһ˷ܵ
ǧЦЦ㲻˵
ĳаңЩǸռΪˣǱͷһܰǵľη
ɾǵ˳ǸаҵĻδĵʱķ۹Ǵײǰ׼լӣͷǽڶûƽɵģһϢܷǳر۾
ףլӺҫ۰ô˽ƽͷģôסϲգգ۾ֻ۾ˡ
ǧͬգ۾˵˳ģ۹⾹Ȼ˴ֱɲΪͷϻƽͻÿˣ
ü·ЩԽҫۡ
ȽȥȾ䣬װЩҫۻƽ
ߵſڵʱվſڵСסǵȥ·Ǻˣܽġ
ȾһȡѧԺԺصǰݷãȥͨһ
Ⱦеɫģ滹ƯƣöѧԺģҲʾԺݡ
СǼöƣ֮еİ˲ɢϵıǹ֮ɫԵȣСͽȥͨһ
ûãСǱˣλȥɣڿС
ܴһȥһĨɫӳУģ˲ϰߵĺܡ
ϲּˣ˱죬լҲ̫˰ɣŻƽȴҲûзŹҲ˻ƽŽӲӵģĻŵһͭζ
ǧ۾ѹ˵һ䣬ֱƽ𵱳˴ײˣλаҵĳѹ˺ö֬ɡ
ǳЦŵͷͬǧĻ
ǧֿһȦֻöޱȣ˷θ
Ⱦûٸо䣬һȥ
֮е˼ֱţûͷǰˣǧһۣҲ˺ܶࡣ
λһ۵ӣϴżַҲЩ֮и͸ž⣬·ڼʲô
ǧӿһۣ㻪ϻڵķǳ˰ɡ
ŰҵͬʱҲڴǡ
ҲɫĦϵĲ豭С۾ڵľԡ
ת׿һԵķΣֽĿͶȾϣ˵ѧԺԺϲɫǰµӦþԺ˰ɡ
λѧԺԺ˰ɡЦȾϴתڿеʱϵЦݸŨ·Ҫһ㡣
ǡȾͷ֮м־뵡ȴǳûеȻ̬
ţȻ䵹һ
һ˾Ȼ̬ӵЩŮ˾ô£
Ȼһ˶Ȳôϣʱøޱȣ֪Ժ˴ǰҪʲô



1207 ҪȥѧԺ

Ⱦû˵ǽиϡ
ҽЩУС۾еĹţ˵ѧԺǸõѧԺԺҲôеĿ϶ǼƷɣ
̿ˮ֮иΪ̰
ǧһϵб龡УЩڽع˴ǡ
ڰƷ裬԰ʲôĸûϡ
ʱȾĬƬ̣ǿ˵˵С츳ѵһĻϵħʦһ˵⽫СѧԺ𣿡
һСӣҵɫ䣬Ҳһһ
ǧ۾⣬ܿͽҵı仯۵ס
üЩĪȻСɣҲ񣬺ô˼Сӿǻϵħʦǰ;ء
ǧᳶһ·ε°ڣС˵ΣаǲЩԾСȻҲ¶ıɣ
ǧģͬѹٿɣܻ֪Ϊλ¶ı顣
ǧ󣬲ͷ
ǰҵȷ⽫ѧԺкβ𣿡ĿһĿ⵭ģû˸ղŵ顣
ȾȻܸܵı仯Ⱦ۾ɫȻС츳취ΪβѧԺѧԺȻҿ˵ֻҪѧԺѧڴ½϶ɾͣ벻ҪСӵ츳
һɫƺѿ˼֣Ժ˼ǣѧԺ𣿡
ҲǡȾƿ꣬˵úֻǣѧԺܵʵ̫ɣ츳ãӦȥȽһЩѧԺ
еļڽΪԡ
ǸСȥѧԺѧϰѧɹλ
ǸСֻһ۱ǳ罫ѧԺҲͳˣʡպ˻
ҵǾ÷ѧԺСҲϲѧԺĵ˵һ䣬ȫûҪĿڵ˼ѧԺȻãСӲϲҲǿ󣬶Բԣ
Ⱦ󣬲üͷܾðڿʲô
ҼҴӻͦϲѧԺġһһת䴽ЦԺǲĻҼҴȥѧԺɡ
Ⱦٴü
ҴȻǵճӣΪʵڻѹգǿռŮʲô鶼óټ츳ʵڲ룬ֻһոս׵ϵħʦѡ
ĲҲѧԺʡʡɣ
ȾЦȴڡ
ʱ򡭡һЦЦлżַƦŵĺܣһ˲ûʲôøС
Цδ£һӰ뵽˴С
һϮۣŽĺܣЦǴ﷢ġ
ģ̌һֽһӣúͰһҲЩǰСˣžоһ
üͷǰҼҵĴӣưЦ۾Գһϸ죬λǼΪƫġ
˵ǼѧԺĿˣĶأƣܿע⵽ڴеǧǡ
ǧʱ򣬰ݵ˫Źˡ
˫ŮӣǵһμǿŮͲһŮЩŮǵϵࡣ
Ư
̫Ưˣ
Ư򴽽ǣ૳
κȾüͷ˫·ʢ˵ӡ
ȴûһɳǧòС
ȻҲע⵽ԼҶӵʧ̬Ů˵ƯҲ֪ʲôݣݵ£ԼҶȢ檣ҲǿԵġ
ݻǧ
ǧüͷ˿˿ð
ȴʲôûһţһԽԽϲ֡
ǧϵĲյüͷø
ҼЩԣæǿڳһݣЩǹͣվųʲôͳ
æعԴЦһߣλѧԺԺ
˵ʱ򣬰ɲ֣ĿͶǧϡ
ǧЩʹ죬ɽȴ־ûʲô˵ģͿɣҲһ
ǧܵɲǾ͵ˡ
ϲüͷЩ˺֣Ȼһֱ׿ǲǰ
۾ǿ˵
ðɡϲʼ磬˵һ䡣
ʱ򣬰ָһԵȾڵλѧԺԺȾǰģҸղ˵ˣ뵽ѧԺѧϰ
ѧԺ⼸ۣЩסˡ


1208 ѹ

ŲҪȥʲôѧԺ˵ʮѧϰѧϰûʱѧȥˣ
ȥѧԺ϶ġ
ȥѧԺҲȥѧԺġ
ҿ˰ɣôȥѧԺȥѧԺȽʵڰɡܾҪȥԺֵˡ
󣬲Щ
ʲôã̫ȥѧԺѧϰȻ˵ȥĻᰡ
Ȼ·ѧԺѧԺһѧѧԺĵʦǺܲģѧԺֻʺȥӣѧԺǳɲĵĺȥ
ԣŲСȥѧԺǾǸǣҰ֣
ӣΨһļк
ݵú˵Ҷ԰ʹһɫʾҪ˵츳ǲģȾԺģǱֺһЩ˵ԺȥѧԺˡ
ȾһѧԺɲ˭ġ
ҲһмһˣҲŲȥҪȥѧԺѧԺð׳СȥˣѧԺôʱ׳СӾˣ
ȫ˳ϣֱӰԼҪ˵Ļ˵˳
һɫֱӱˣݣ㲻Ҫ˵ء
һȫûȥ
ǰӣּڻˣֻܽʣЦЦ˵ִ磬ǲҪ֡
ݰŲյһںӡ
ǧЦҲû˵
Ⱦ̧̧Ƥӣһֱģѵõֱӡ
Լ䣬ݴһЦøӇNɪ
ʵڿȥɫֱ䣬һƽ
ʱǿ˵СӰ׳˴ڡ
Լ׵ģ˭֪оȻôİˣһ´꣬һʱ侹мֵӡ
Ⱦðϸ롣
ѾˣұЦſ׳ʵ׳ȥѧԺѧϰ𣿡
׳˵ģһӴҵı飬ԥˡ
һ´꣬Ϊɵؿ˰һۣ·ֻҪԼ˵ãҾͻὫɱһ㡣
ȾͬŤͷ׳ڴżִм˵¡
׳ЩĿƵЩŴ꣬öɿڡ
ǧںȲ裬ˣ̧һֻۣһΪվڴ룬ȻƼݵģӳһ㣬ĴŸǼªȸС˻Ҫ硣
ǳҵСӣ
ǹıȼͶ硭
ǧֺһڲˮܿ԰׳Ȥˡ
ȾɶŰ׳š
Ҽ׳˵ɫøѿ׳㻰أȥѧԺȥѧԺ
ҡ׳ɬĴ꣬ò˵ȥѧԺ
Ⱦ۾ܿǽĿ˻
ȴЦüΪ㣬Ժ˰ɣǼҰ׳ʵڲȥѧԺȥѧԺֻзѧԺ㿴ҼҰݲɣ⺢ֻҪŬһЩ϶ɾͣԺ㲻罫˰ɡ
ݻһ£ȴһۡ
ŵҲҶԡ
Ⱦ˼ۣȴû˵
ҵҲûֻҪ׳ǸҰֲҪȥѧԺͺˡ
Ҿðɣ׳Сӻٿһ±ȽϺáȾĬƬ̣ٴο˵ѧԺȻÿʦǼõģ츳ãֻҪȥ˿϶ɾ͵ġ
׳Ŀ˸ȥġ
ǣҵȥȥˣҪȣҪܳȥ
ֻҪӦȥѧԺȥѧԺѧϰܱȹöˡ
ʵڲףͬǵĶӣĴȻ㲻ãֳȻܳ裬ֻΪԵ
׳ƣɾӣҲǰ׼ҵĶӰгɾҲΪ׼⣬αҪ˺˱ˣ
ܸоڶԴʱڶԴӣڶԴʲôҰһ
ңǰЩ͵͵˵Ұ֡
뵽˴׳ٴƣɫһƬҰףŤͷȾԲԺѾҪȥѧԺ㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
Ⱦ۾ΪϹ
׳ǺȥѧԺɷ·Լ״ѹţŲ˵Լ⡣
ɾӣҲΪĽǰɣ׳ʲôðʹѹأ
Ⱦ°ͣЦЦؿǰһĻ
׳˵仰Ժ󣬱׼뿪
˭ˣ˶ڡҺסˣûûصģ¡



1209 ܳ

׳Щܳ
ƽ˵ûʸڴģǻϵħʦ츳ˣҲûĴȻڴΰɣ
׳Լһѣͦ۵ġ
һ䣬Цˣ¡
ľʵع⻬һ˿˿⣬׳δӣһʱ侹ЩѰ
ǧƳͷһ۾Ƽ׳ǸСûģ
ǣûӣ
ǧ˼ۣһʱֻð׳Ҳ̫ˣ͸ԭһǱѹţֻסưܵСʲôû˶Ǽͳʣµġ
˺òҡǧε°ڣѹ˵һ䡣
δһ˲˫Өĺϣô˵
ǧٴѹ㿴ǸģԾûľӵģдţټƼݵƱȼͻҪòã͸ûжʱһ
βüͷ
뵽꣬ڶ޳ģ
㲻ƿ꣬ġ
ǰҲǧ۾Լָ⣬Ŀһ±ǳ
жݣҲ۸
׳ȴһ˰ڲģ
ǧߣܿ㽫Ŀ˻
εĿϣ֣ǰµ鷢ãһһᡣ
ģ̌ЦЦЦ񵭣ȥá
ʱ׳һձģ
һȻľӣʵ̫ˣڻһεĸо
׳￴ͻȻ俴ֱߵϸһһ豭ЩϺõĴ¾Ȼȫ
׳ǰһУôҴ֮Ȼܴˣ
СԼһˮһ˲ŨĲζӣ׳ֱߵȲ費š
ˮϻƯżŴдĲҶûв´ĻӦþǴ˵еģΪúȵǰ
׳ſˮڵľ̾ԽԽŨǸһʲô棬һЩܳ
Ҽһûģüͷ
СҰ־Ȼڳһı飬ֱ棡
һ󿪿˵׳ҿƣۣЩȥЪϢɡ
׳һ̧ƵСлżãȻϣѾ˯ôƣۣ
һ´꣬˫Ҳ˼֣֪ϲԼղҲֻǰ⡣
׳˼һվȥˡ
Ұڰ֣ڸϲӬһϾı顣
׳ЩزǿϧǱϺõǰȻһڶûȣ
ܿбû˰׳ӰݼǸҰѾ뿪תӣһ˲ˡ
ǶҲȥˣͻȻ뵽ЩγҪɡݿڣȴǧż٬
ȴҪʲôγԺЦţЦʮ⣬Ҵ֪Ҫùˣ˵ֱϲѶ
Щȥɣǧ򵢸ˡƿ꣬еοЦôҲǲס
ݺٺһЦߵſڵʱеЦݸΪͷ·ҪȥѰߵӺƵġ
ǧ뿪ıӰһ˲üͷɽ壬ܸоǰҪȥʲô¶
ЩҲʲô¶ǧüܿͽĿ˻
ŰѾ뿪ҲĿջһϵĲյƳͷʱ½Ŀ䵽ȾϣԺҼҰݶ̿డ̿ĺӣѧԺ治𣿡
Ⱦ££䣬ɢɢģû˿仯ʵұȽǳҵСӣѾҪȥѧԺˣź
һϵЦҲŵ˼֣Ⱦǰ˲ԼҴȥѧԺһѧԺѣżȻôߣȥͲȥɣҲûʲô˵ġ
һȾǵĿҲ
ȾиӦʱϵ̴򿪣ȻδɣҲЩСϣ׳ܹϲ
еĽһЩʲôħ޾˰ҩӦоУһѴõŵȼƷʶܲ
˼ۺĿЩֱˣȻһǵĳƽ˺öȾĶȴѵá
˵ħ޾˰ɣǲͨħ޾ˣʥħ޵ľˡ
ʥħްǿޱǿĴڣȾܵõǿľˣܹˣ˵лвľˡ
ǰһ֪ǷƷء
־ͳٺöˣֻܽã׵



1210 ̬ȵı仯

֮ͨ󣬰ֱһӣЦϸ춼ûˣȾԺֻģôණԺⷬҾˡ
˵Щʱ򣬰ҵĿһֱЩϴתδƿ֡
Ⱦ֪˼Цһ
Ҳҿһۣȴʲôû˵
ЦһֵУԺѵˣڸסϼգ湻ٻȥ㿴Σ
ȾЦƾһ㡣
ǧµǰһУ㿴ҼȾ嵹ԭҶѾˣȾһд򿪣ֻһף뽫ˡ
Щ󡣡γпһۣ嵭ʥħ޾ˣн׵ĵҩ͸߽ЩѰϲüȾȥ׽ЩóȻ˺ЩС˼
˵ǧͷѹǰҿ϶ҲȾˣϾ԰
ԺϸƬ̣Ҳ³˼˼
һЦȴǲ
ʱȴĵȴȾĴ𸴡
ȾĦϵĲ豭һģ
Ⱦ壬׳㻰ºСһ䡣
ȾһǷ̧ʱ˰˫е˫ߣһֲֵӣ°˵ҪҪˣأ
룬һѵһˣˣհɡ
ðǱˣպˡȾԴ޹ǵؿαϡ
ЩԺЦþ͸û۾һ
˽׼Ҳܿͽʰ˳
һ⣬ŤͷʱЦŵԺѾ׼סһҾüʹȥ
Ⱦڰ֣ϵı鲻а仯̫ˣʵǿסڿջģο鷳أ
鷳鷳ġЦסջǲ㣬˶ӵģܲסӣסˡ
ǾͶлˡȾ˵ллȴûал⡣
ȴϣͱһԵıռˡ
õıǽԺǲǾܵõˣ
ûͦһʱ侹Ц
ǧˣЦһ
ʱǽܿȥס
׼סͦľԿǻ˼ģĿľΪ˱ȣ÷ֵԡ
ȾͿ˰ҵ˼ЦЦġ
ǧһۣŷκͷϲֽӡҲһŸɾֺʵĸо
ǧÿ£ЦҹȻƽͣʱܾ÷ƣڳ漸Ҳǲġ
֪Ǹвסġ
󣬲䴽ЦҲһΣҹյǳ
ģ̌һ˲УһΣֻú񿴼ǳôƲ۾
Цģǹˣ˰ѳֲס
ǧ򴽽ǣһ˫۾ЩȣɰڷϲҲУֻӲţܾЩơ
ϲֲ֪׵ľᣬڣζŽѾӣһ˵ģ
ôˣμ鲻ԣɿһ䡣
ǧҡҡͷû¡
ܲ˵ЦסĻ꣬Щʲôɡ
뵽˴ǧЩ΢죬̴÷ηԼʧ̬
Ҳ֪ʲô˵û£Ҳû¾ͺá
ǧɴͷëһһģƯ
ĺڵ˫
*
ȸ½
īУǰЩȥƱекζʱգϢˡ
ҹҹ
ͻȻһỺ
ī轫еĲ豭£ɡ
ûãһ̤С
ī̧һϯɫڵƻӳԵԣҫۣˣ
ˣǳ˵ˣˮȷЩЩͦ˼ġ
ī費üͷǺζ
۾鲻ѹӵ£ˮʧȥʧȥʶٿصĶӵûмʱ֮ƾɲԼˡ
īӶŲ˲
˵ҷ¾ˮԺҵӾܱٿˣīü䡣
ͷûóүүȥ鱭֮߳ġ
үүаҩʦĳϣ˵ĻȻȨ



1211 £ϣ㱣

īûκλɣüͷøڵĺŨ
ǸŮˣȻˮֶٿ
£һ²֪ҪҪڣӲ
īеҲȥ˲٣ȻҪˡ
úſڵˮеʲͨүү󣬾ЩиܵںڰϢ
ڰϢ
īӲɵɴ˼֣Ե棿
Ȼģڲƭ¡
īϣֱǽڷףֱָȫľͷ֮УԾɸоʹ
ǸŮ˾ȻںڰϢĶʲô
ī۾˫̱ð˿̽塣
ı仯Щ𾪣ǵӵһֱǸõģģʲôһ
ӵ£û°ɣ֣һ䡣
īѸٻһĨЦ⣬޷û¡
Ҳû˵ЩʲôɾþƱеĶεĺܣԻ˵ǣɢڰζ¾Բ򵥡
ĬƬ̣ʵӵ£֪Щ˭µģҵĲ²ûдʹڿǻ˺ڰˡ
ī۾û˵
˿̣ϵҲù
վһֻ࣬йѹһɫӲӵǲ˵ĻҲǿ£ˡ
һȡҪ뿪ʱīͻȻסˡ
½ŲЩֵؿīһۣ£ʲôԸ𣿡
īһ³һ֣ǧѩ
һ٣ʲô
īۣǧѩʷŽҵľƱеġ
ԭء
ȻʥŮ
Ǹ¶֮˾ȻʥŮ
Ƭ̣һԼʥŮµĶ
ǵġīնǰЩӱ԰ͼ䣬ͼߺޣڱˮ¶
īһ٣ֵɱ֪Ȼڰϵʵڽбеĺ
򴽣Ҳû뵽ʥŮڰйϸ𡣡
ī仰û˵
վԭһʱ֪˵Щʲô
һǿʵ£֪ʥŮڰйϸҪ
䡣īƿ꣬һЦ
Ц˼˿͹ܵζüͷԾšֲ²ⲻī뷨ֻܾվһ࣬ұ
īЦһŰ佫鱾ϣ㲻Ҫ˵ȥݾߡ
ȻͷȻ˵ȥ
ûҪ˵ȥ˼ϾǻûŪǧѩǲǺڰצһʲôأ
ô˵ȲҪ͸¶ȽϺðɡ
һ֤һ˲θʮ㡣
īȻΪˣƿЦЦ˫ٴλָɫ
ɫ£ȻȥЪϢɣҲҪЪˡī迴еЦֻ
Ŀ⣬˵ͷ뿪
ɫЩˡ
īıӰãŽĿƿ
*
գǧһů˹
ѣͷȻЩԶܾЩ£ǧͷ
ʲôȻ㳳֣ǧ̫Ѩмֲˬ
ʱ򣬷Ҳ˹䣬żԵζҲǸո˯ѵԵʣǧܴϸоһ˿̬֮
㣬ʵڹĻꡣ
ǧ˫һʱ侹мֳ
ףóӡϲ۾ӶС˯ģſɰĽ
ǧһ´ֻ˼֣üȴһƬ֮ɫ泳ĽҲ֪ôˡ
ףҪҪȥϲֵŽߵſڣȫǺ档
ǧҲ棬漴˵ͷ
ʱҲѾ˴ɫҷأһƯƻһȦȦǳ
ǧţֻĻ·ֱȥ˶Щġ
߰ɣһȥǰȻǣǧ֡
ǧţһʱֻ¾ãҲ˼֡
ţͷӵƸˡ
ǧϸϸţûһ˵ʲôҰʲôģҲ֪˻ʲô



1212 ܹ

Һʲô𣿡ǧһ䡣
ɵ磬ʲôû˵
ϲֱͣ۾գգ͵ģףʲôҰ֡ףʻ˼ܲء
ǧ͸ż⣬Ҳ˰
ϲ͵صͷǰģö˶˵ʲôҰأҲ֪˵˭ĺܡ
ǧԶҪ̽
η˷䣬ɫȴδб仯
ܿ˱Դֻ
ռǸ׳˿ԵڵأԻΧŲˣЩŰ׳ȭߣϻ˵ۻ֮ԡ
ûõĶȻײүֱ
ǰҲĻҰָϳţʡլﶪ۵ġ
ǣĴݹ᾵ģŰҲҲ㣬Ҿðɣ㻹ɴˣʡñƲ𡣡
ء׳ϻԼ壬ɱĺۡ
죬ʳž۸ĿСޣҪٴˣǰ׼ҵĺӣͲʲôҰ֣ǲҪ˵˵
Щ󣬲Ц
Ƕס׳°̵ͣҰ֣ǰҲסưܵլƽܶ㣬ʣµģ˴ʣµģ
׳磡
׳ЩܲˣԼԴҲǡҲǣǰ׼ҵĺӣ϶ǰ׼ҵĺӡ
ǣһҰ֡
ĵĶôȥ
ȥɣ
˲˵ţŰ׳¶ʹ֮ɫǾͿޱȣһˬҪģ
ǧЩۻ֮󣬲۾װΪҪԴ׳ˡ
ԭΪЩ
Ұ֣Ǻǡ
ǧԶĿ䡣
ϲŰ׳ִ˴Լı۰˶˲ף׳϶Ѫˣж۰
ң׳ЩѪҪˣǻΣգ
ܺõ츳ȴ÷ǧƿ꣬һҲûг˼ϵǿ󣬶ȴͷûУҽǰգǻᱻ۸ġ
ϲһҲǣǱ۸ˣָҪƴһء
ȷʵ̫ûѪˡϲ˫ֻأСһ̾Ϣ
ǧ˹˫Ц
ɾĬƵġ
˿̣Ǿڶ԰׳ȭߣﲻϣһ޿ֵģ
Щ˶ǳҵݣνһ˵õȮ죬ǵȻҲ߹˼֣ȻûеճӰǰ㣬Ұ֣Ǹ߹˲֪ٱ
ҲΪҵĲǲŸ޼ɵȻĻӣЩҲǲ۸ġ
ôǣ˿̣ȾҲ
¼׳۸ңһӣȴʲôҲû˵
ǧͷǳЦ˵Լ֪ôˡ
Ⱦһ˼֣ϸϸţƬɫ΢ԭˣֲռ׳ʱ;ֻ֣ӶѣԻ˲ͬԭԵʰ
ǵüͷҵӣǸҲܹ𣿡
Ⱦʼ磬˵
ǧֵڴ䣬ߵҲֻһ֮ʶѣǲҰֻҪ֤֪֮δ̫ˡ
һûʲô˵ˡ
ʱһͻȻ
׳㾹Ȼɱˡ
׳ɱˣ׳ɱˡ
ǧѭȥͼһԵڵأϻмƵĺۼЩۼƿѪһʱѪζŨأŻ
Ƶĺۼ
ǰ׳ɱģ
ǧ׳ȥͼ׳Щ㱵ؿԼ˫֣Ȼû뵽ϵħȻ㾪ˡ
ֻһ£ͽ˸Ūˣ
ӵĸо
ˬ
׳ҪϸϸһʱЩһѽ׳ŭ׳Ұ֣Ȼɱˣ
֪˭ǰҲ˾˼ҵĶӣͷΪ۰ȴɱˣ׳ˡ
ھͽɱ˵о߸Ҳ
䣬ֽ׳ڵϣתȥҰˡ
ûãҾͻ
һ㿴˾˼ҵĶԵڵأѪȻûļ󣬶ǸҲͬԵڵأͣɫҲҰ׵ĺܡ
׳ɱģָŵϵʬ壬һŭȡ
׳Ӳһ£ҡɱġ



1213 ׼

žһһڰ׳ϣûõĶ֪Ǿ˾˼ҵӣƽ籦ţȴɱʲôƾҲҳɱˣ
׳ĸ
ʲô
ǰҵӰݿɱǸȥ˸߹١
ЩԾ˺Ӳͣĵȴûκι۸Լ
ѵΪԼҰ
Ҳǹģһֱ۸ңʵܲ˾ͷˣ˭ֻ֪Գ֣û׳ҧҧһյųһȥģ
ǧˣ˫˼֣ƣµǶ˼Ѫԣõġ
ǻᱬġεĿ΢
ǧ󣬲ͬصͷǰڳĬбڳĬ
γһۣ㲻˵
ֻԳ֣ʱ۾ٴοڣôҲ׵ħʦԳ־ܽħʦŪֻ£Ԥıɣ
׳Ȼ̧ҵҡҡͷûУֻԳ֣Ȼֻʵ磬ң籾ǿΪġ
ҽëһЩȻ˵ǻãΪ̫
԰ҵŭ׳ֻԲһ£һԼȥ۸ңʵ̲ס۸ͻȻҲֻԼ̫
˫ɫҲǳ
ԭųˣȻѪԣȻҰ֣ȻİǣûдӦȥѧԺȻպԻᱻҧһڵġ
׳ɱ˾Ȼ֪ڸģʱҾ˾˹Ū㲻ɡָŰ׳ŭɫŨ
׳˫һ˫ó죬һֱ۸ңˣôأ
ɶݺݶ
Ҳʮ׳һ뵽ղɱһˣЩ»ᱻ׳Ū
ҲɲҰ֣ҲֻʲôаղžȻһԭʱ򻹱ҧһڡ
ǣԲģǿһ
һһģٴν׳Ԩ
ҧһԺٴһ䣬ѽⶫһҰ֣ٺҲǣԲ
ûнڣεǿԳô˻Ὣ׳
׳ɱ˾͸ܵͷһЦŰ׳Ͳڿӣڿˡ
׳Ȼɴ۾ȫȻû뵽ԼĵĮ
ǰΪϲԼΪԼûãԣŬһ㣬Ŭһ㣬ϣܵõϲͬ
֪Լǻϵħʦʱϲ򣬵ʱ϶ͻᱻϲˡ
ʵû뵽ȴϲǸεʵ벻ס
ǾЩ˵ļе
һҰ֣һ׼ûѪԵϵҰ֣ԣҲŻŲʣ˴ˣҲһᡣ
Ϊһûϲˡ
׳˻Ŵŵ棬
ұıһ˲Ҫɡ
ʶһЩļɵ
׳۵ףЩ˵Ĳǰ׼ҵĺӣǸҰ֣
ʱǧѾⳡ־翴һס
˭û뵽̬ᷢչȥǸ˺ƴս˰ɡ
ȾһЩ˼ֵ˵û뵽̬ᷢչǿ̽լ᲻ᱻڣ
˵ȾмֿЦζ
´ָû˵
ǧЦſڵǱ֣ʱǾܺˡ
ȾźڷЦȻˣǰʱǾܣû׷ǡ
ǧͬЦţȴЦЩ
γǿһۣһ仰ҲûУɱֳĬ
ʱ򡭡
ѵٴ𣬡׳治֪⵽ǴҥԣЩô˵ǰ׼Ҷˡ
ǡ׳䶯ŴǣһŤͷǵĿˣҧҧʵ̲ס͵ǣǺ˵ģ۸ңҲ˵Ұ֣ҵʱţ¿飬ҾͲòˡ
ӣĿڣĸβ㲻ɱˣˣ̫ʧˡ
׳Ȼɴ۾ûƭˣ˵ˡ
죡Ҵһ붪ˣ͵𴦶ȥǰһεʵķĺܡ
ûС׳ٴһ
һûиǽǻ˹ǽ׳ҰӾȻɱˣҷҪúýѵ
ŪˣҲû⣡



1214 Ŀ

뵽˴Ҳ䴽һЦȫպͱ䣬ȫûʲô顣
Ѿ϶׳ǸҰˣ
ʱ򣬼Ѿؽ׳ֱ˴
ͰѾ˾һҪð׳ģ
ǵȫߵϲֲ˴첲ȫǺ£죬ǸҲ̫ˣһģ㲻׶ӣɱϾôܹ꣬и˰ɡ
䣬ϲһλУǰİɣ㲻Դɣ
֣СӱһҲЩ£ᣬҺ׶ܰ㡭
ϲһ˿Ǿͺãˡ
˿£
λһ±Ƶӣǧ䴽һЦܾķЩȣ
ɣһǵȥȾۣ뻹ǾЩףҿصѧɱˣҲ̣ɣ
䣬Ⱦ䣬𳯴ȥ
½
ǧͷζһۣһЦܿ׹Էʲôˡ
߰ɣҲȥγŵڷƮþòɢ
ǧֻöЩ֣гٳٲȥ˶ߣȥ
ǧǲȥܵģһ뵽׳мѪԣ츳Ҳʵڲֶĵ˸ˡ
ҿǸƣð׳ʵڶ񶾡
֮С
λ˵еľ˾Ѿˡ
ǰҵľ˾ˣͰһϴŲɢķ˱ȰҸӺ·һܽٴ
˼Ϊ£ҲڳЩɪɪ
ҵλ˾Ͱһ𵱹ˣҲΪӣԼҶӳòˣֱ͸ĸαһ᲻öܰί
ӵѶ˶ըˡ
侲ҪΪӱǸɱҪǧˡ
ң˭ɱҵĶӣҾ˾˫죬·Ѿ޹ˣˣûܳˢϵɱѪΪ˼֡
ָۣһԵİ׳
Ҿ˾˳ָķȥͫһ
ƼݵûҰ֣Ūģ
ֱܴ裡
ΣվҪҰѪծѪ
㣿Ҿ˾Ȼǰͻ㣬ɱҵıӣ
׳ոѪԣڿҾ˾˵ʱѸ߽⣬˫һֱ̱ڵأ˫Ҳͣһʱ侹˵κλ
˲ӳҾ˾УҾ˾ۣûа֮ͬɫ֣һ׳ȥоɱ⡣
׳ŵôҴһ˫۾Ҳɵϴ
죬Ҫˡ
㻰ǲ㽫ұɱˣҾ˾˴˫纣
׳һ´꣬һһԼɱġ
ˣҾ˾ŭɱȻ̧ͷһڰ׳ϣ˭ĵӣ˺ҵĶӣʲô
Ҿ˾˵ܴ󣬰׳ȵðǣʱѾѪˡ
Ŵǣţǵġһֱ۸ңʵܲ˾ͷ˭ֻ֪һ»ϵħˣ治֪˴
Ҿ˾һڣƨҶħʦһûˣһʲôаʹҶɥȪ
˵ţҾ˾ˮһģ
׳Щˣֻһ¶ѣǶƼˡ
׳ָЩˣϣǸԼ֤
ģҾ˾Ƴͷ˫
ȻסǼٵغ˼£ſڵ׳ɱˣҿ϶ǹģϵħ޴󣬾һҲˣ׳ǴעҪ˸ɱˡ
û׳Ǹɱ֡
Ҿ˾˵ģеȭͷգҲһ䡣
׳ŵôҴֻͬͷģؼʱǾȻ˵ʵ뽫ơ
Ҳܹǣֻ׶ѣҲָܹԼ˵
ǰءԼĵȻ仰ûУԼ
׳Ŀڣֻͷʹռˡ
ңҵıɱˣ˵˸δãҾ˾Ŀ棬㶢Żͦ˵ġ
лرܣɵǿ˵˾ˣҪĹͽ㴦úˣɱˣ׵Ȼ̫άĻֳָʲô¶
׳ȫһ¡
ȻҪ˴ã汻˳ȥ
ȻǸҰְɡ
Ҿ˾ȴ䴽ЦһҲ˵ֻҪҰ˴ȥδöˣ



1215 ܸܵͷ

תһ£ԳĬһ¾͵ͷȥɣҾ͵ǰ׼ûˡ
Ҿ˾˴ؿŹڵϵİ׳ûУѾ㽻ˣʱҶҪ㸶ۡ
׳ŴǣֻֽűؿϢܡ
㲻ֻҪѣҲ֪ˡ׳һȥȻס˰ҵĴȿŵҲǹģĲǹģȾҰɣǱȥҿ϶ġ
ۣһڰ׳ؿڣɱˣ͵ΪԼһ
ҿġ׳ЩУֻҪߣʲôԡ
̫Ѩÿˡ
ʱ򡭡
Ҿ˾ǰһס˰׳ͷ˵ˣ˵ɤӣҲģȥºҶɡ
ҲҪҲҪ׳ƴƵСǺ졣
Ǿ䣬һ˿Ӱ׳ָܳգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͰѰҾ˾˸˵ˡ
ĻϵħȻȼߣʤһħǿ˵Ҿ˾һЩ
ˣ㾹ңҾ˾˿ֱϵպۼڳŭ
׳վһ࣬һؿŰҾ˾ˡ
ܵһ°ɣһأ
ǧ˫һղűŵȶˣ͸СһڵǻᷴˣһЩ׳ƻԿ
һۣ׳Ļϵħһ׶ѣҲ֮С
ûеģԶԲԴ츳ҲһѵõĻˡ
һˣҲǸӡǧ׳һ˲㿴Ũصģһˮرҫۡ
ԭ׳˫ģǲպյģûǿ
澳˳ɳ
СӵǲȾ°ͣͦųԸģµǾǸ֮ģܾķˡ
ȾԽԽϲԽԽ뽫СѧԺ
Ⱦ壬뽫ѧԺ𣿡Сһ䡣
ȾͷǸӣǼԺǸħʦ
󣬲ͷϵħʦϡ٣Ժ˵ܳΪҩʦǾȻɱֱ޴
䣬Щߣһֱұͦãδݵˣëˡ
ǧ˵ͣɲһ죬Ⱦ壬𣿡
ȾüһȻϮôȣ
ǧһЦ˵һ䣬˰ɣȾǣѧԺԺҪѧģȥòˡ
ȾЦЦͻȻúе
ȥȰɣȻ׳ҪװͰ͸ˡǧһ䡣
ȾŤͷͼҾ˾Ѿʮ׳Ĵ󵶳׳ȥߣ׵ߣ
һǿϣ׳ƻᱻΣѪȵĺܣ
ʮ׳Ĵ󵶻һ˲ɫĵ֣ʵҫ׳һƵ⣬ͷҲŲһ¡
ǿʽͶ㲻ȥ
գעҪ
Ҳܱȱĥðɡ
׳۾ƽȴŴ¡
ʱ򡭡
·ʲôͶҾ˾еĴ󵶾Ȼһ䵽˵ϡ
ʮ׳ĴһأΧ˲侲Ĭ
ȫû뵽ᷢչҪȥˣɴôأ
Ҿ˾˿˿Լֿ֣˿ϵĴ󵶣˶±Ƶģ漴ͨʲôһŭǳ˭˭Ұ֣
ͬ𾪣ۿҰ־Ҫˣ˭뾹Ȼɱɣ
ҾȵġȾ˷䣬Ȼ
Ҿ˾˶Ⱦ˰죬ŭʵ˭𣿡
Ⱦʼ磬ᡣ
׳ΪԼû뵽ԼȻþˣмؿȾһۣлһᱨġ
ͬ𾪣ⲻѧԺԺ
ʱ磬ǲ緹ôͳˣ
Ժôˣƿ꣬¼ҳ˷֣һһ׵رѿ
ͳȾźڷЦŵ٩һ䣬˭֪Ȼ˳۸СҾ̲סҪˡ
ҺͰҾ˾˵ɫһ顣
۸С
ôܣڳͷɱֶѣ
Ժ֪ڳͷɱֶѡҵ˰׳һۣŭǺǵɱˣܸܵͷġ
ȾüһĵģҸղſģ񲢲Ǹӡ׳ղſɲˣһС۸Ͻ϶Ѫˣɾûһ֣ͣڲϴţ
ǣĽϲֳģȴ˲ƽУŶۣ



1216 ҩ

ǧͷվһ࿴Ϸ
ŬŬ죬ͬҲߵĽҲƼˣЩ˲ĵģ׳ǲֿ϶ᱻˣһ֣˭֪ô
²ۣ˱Ǹûõֽϻ
һһģֵðҺͰҾ˾޹⣬ͷѹ֣ͺ޲Ҹʲôйڡ
һǵͨ졣
Ҿ˾ҲòȾеŭк·Ҫˡ
Ⱦνʼ磬ȫûͷ
ǲ˶ѣʸǰ׼ҵ飿Ҿ˾˺һдŨŨľ棬ִҪܾݹˡ
ȾüһһɴȻȫûҾ˾˷ҲֻǴ򱧲ƽѣЩ˳ѹ׳׳ǳַ˶ѣ߷ɱֱǻãң籾ǿΪģ׳츳ạ̃
ҺͰҾ˾ɫֱ׷ǳ޲ýȾŪ
㡭ָȾָҲڲţҾԺΪƫϹǵļ£
Ⱦۣû˵
Ҿ˾ҲȾһ˫ҪһѧԺԺǣǵļңЩʲô
Ⱦ̧һ˫ڴżĵϣѾа׳ˣѧԺ鷳ȻԹˡ
˽һ㶡
׳ҲԭأλԺȻѾˣѧ
ˣڰԼͻȻúøж
׳ӣЩʵؿȾ
Ⱦûȥ׳ǽĿͶϣеŨ·ܽ˴̴
һ㶣һ˲ֻûѹ֡
˵ˣҪȥѧԺȥѧԺߺһһʱ侹ҲҪȾãȫһҪ˺Ƥģ
ȾĿתҲûôֻǸܻģʵ˼ĽΪʲôȥѧԺӦװɡ
ҧҧ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
Ҿ˾վһ࣬ڴգӿͷ˵ɣ㵽ҪδҶˣԺȴƫ֣ȫƺõİɣ
һ͵ôأλѧԺԺҲ֪ҵʱҲסˡ
Ҿ˾ٴγ˼ۣͼֿȫ˵ѡ
Ҿ˾۾ֽìͷָȾԺǰɣǵļ£㲻Ҫܣݹǲ
Ⱦ˷䣬£ˣƤˣǴ򲻹ҵġ
Ҿ˾˫Ť뵽ѧԺͷΪͷԺǸû٣ԼȻǴ򲻹ġ
Ҿ˾ɵԭأһʱ֪Ǻá
ȾǰҪ׳
׳һ󼤶붼û뵽ͽ˳ȥ
Ҽˣ˫죬ȾģҰָʲôôɣԲŻᴦ޴֡
ţҾ˾ǰһ˦ͽȾָˣɱҶӣǲܽߣǲ
Ҿ˾һ࣬ʮ׳Ĵ󵶣һ
Ⱦ̬ƽͣŰҾ˾˾ڿСƵġ
ǧǿϷЦ۾
ʱҾ˾˻Ⱦţ˲ʾɽģҾ˾˵ƾȻˣֱӱѹ
ȾЦʲôû˵
Ҿ˾ֻ쳣ʹ࣬Щѹˡ
׳ֻǳѣѲɣܳǴˣȾڴЦ⣬Цȴ˷ֻ̣̫ˡһ׵ħʦ˴أУ᲻ʲô
Ҿ˾΢ס
飿
ɡĶӣ˸ҶֽţǲҪ
Ҿ˾Ҫʱǧٿ˵ʵ飬Ǹղߵ˳һʬףϵħɵ˿ںСͲģǱڵһҩ
ΣҾ˾Ů˵˵ɲͷһضš
ӴĿ⣬ǧʼ磬һνӡ
Ҿ˾һɣû뵽Ů˾Ȼ
ǵһۣϣŮ˿Ա졣
Ȼǧʼ磬һ첻µزµģ֪һʲôҩ𣿡
ǧգգ۾ЦЦؿŰҾ˾ˡ
Ҿ˾һʱ棬Ŀǧϲͣתʲôҩ
ǧֵڴ䣬˵һѸٱҩӵģǲܼʱϢֻ»Σա



1217 ǲǵʲôˣ

Ҿ˾üͷ塣
ǧЦЦ˵ټ⵽ϵħĹȻøˡ
Ҿ˾һһ׵ģͷҲ֪ʲô˫ҲŤ˲٣˵Ļɵ棿
ǧۣ̬ɣȻģǲŵĻԲһʬ壬֮󣬾ɲ㲻ˡ
Ҿ˾һɫ仯ͣҲ֪Щʲô
ҪӺ
ɾ˭أ
Ҿ˾ü˼һָŰ׳ǼкԹޣһҼҶҩģΪܵ뱨ܵǣ;ҩ˭ⷢ
˵󣬰Ҿ˾϶ԼĲ²⣬ºѲϵ
ûУûС׳Ҿ˾ԼҩɳΪԼ⡣
Ҿ˾ŭȣ㣬϶㣡
ǧЩЦһЩҩƷЧã۸Ҳͦģͨ˸𣬸οǰ׳ԶԲˣҩƷнֻ֮¶ȥԵ˰ɡ
׳Щмؿǧһۡ
ѽͷһֽҶûУнңȥʳ·ˡ
Ҿ˾һЩԺ󣬴䶯һ£Ͳ֪α粵
ôͦеġ
˵ҰֻѣҪҶӣҾ˾˳ǧȥвɼûþͷˡ
ǧţɲͷЦǰ׳ѣ޹أкο޹֮˾أ
Ҿ˾ɫһ䡣
λϵİҸòᣬΪܽҰŪ˭뵽־Ȼˣ
Ҳʵ벻ᷢչ
˵Ǹֵ˭أ
Ϣ¶ܼ޻ˣ˼֣
Ȼð׳޹ģô¶֮˾˭أҾ˾Ťͷмͱ˵ζ
ۣæǽǧ
Ҿ˾˽ӴȻĿ⣬ʶ˼ǿ£ƸǾˣ򵥲򵥡
ǧֱŵĸо̽ͷ۾գգ͵ģһ˲ٷǳ͵˰ƽûеʲôˣûеˣԾⱨӦûǳǮ
Ҿ˾ʶ׳ȥʲôǳǮǽĿ˻
һҰʲôǮ
һʱ벻ԼʲôˣѲɣӵʲô
Ҿ˾ԭأһʱ֪ô졣
λϵİҼˣһ䣬Ǿ˾ˣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
Ҿ˾˵һۣߣ㱣ţлὫ˴ȥң˭ҶҩģҶҪŪ
䣬Ҿ˾˺ݺݵ˰׳һۣȻȥ
һ뿪׳Щֱֱ̱ڵأĿЩδ
Ҽల£
ӣѣ»ѲϵüǺε񣬡ȥ˼ɣûҵóš
԰ҵ񣬰׳Ŵ꣬ȫǲá
ղǼЦˡ̫ѨǶڣŤͷȾЩʾ
Ⱦͷδ˵
ͷûףǶȻˣ뵽ǵݱȽ׵ǲ䴽ǣЦѺ÷ǳ
ԺղŵǧҪֻ̫˶ѣԲŻ˵ЩػġҳæΪԼϴףҾ˾ʹʧӣҲֻ˳
Ⱦüû˵
ǧվһ࣬е˵⻰
򴽰ֻ꣬оԼˣЩá
ʱ׳·ӵվϵѪգҾǵȥˡ
ߵſڵʱȾͻȻ˸סˣһ¡
׳΢٣ЩֵؿȾһۣʵԺʲôԸ𣿡
ɲΪȾԼѾȷܾȾˣѧԺҲɲԼʱֻȥѧԺ
ɽշ飬ѧԺȥ˰ɡ
׳򴽣˫˲ȥ
һ顣Ⱦü֮ж˼ڴ벻ȥѧԺѧϰٸҡ
׳ָ˲һʱã
ȥǳȥǸء
Ⱦᣬٴο˵㲻ʲôѹֻҪ벻ȥȥ룬һ취ġ
ԺҪȥѧԺġһԴҲü׳Ժ˵ҪȥѧԺ
ҶŰ׳üŪ۵ģмв档


1218 

ȾŲ۾ȴûгơ
ǧһԿϷûһų׳ҪˣֻҪѧԺͷѧˣټȾԺ̾Բ۸ģپܾĻĺûɾûˡ
׳һָٴβ˲üͷҲŽ˼֡
˵һλ
ƻٿ˼֣ƺھʲô׳Ҫ㵽ҪȥļѧԺѧϰ
׳ͷĺŨ
׼ģҰ۳ͷĸֱвţôܹأ
׳ȭͷһɿҲ˼ּᶨ֮ɫףȥѧԺȥʲôѧԺ
˫ӣӾ
˵ʲô˵һ飡ָŰ׳ıӣȫǲš
׳ֱͦ壬мᶨǳ˵ȥѧԺȥѧԺһģζıҵ뷨
˫Ǻ죬ö˵ˡ
׳ĿͶȾϣȾԺȥѧԺڻȥ𣿡
ȾЦȻȥģҵȵľ仰
׳һҲЦһδ᲻ıأ
ԭǲڴδģֻҪúĻõϲͳˣ£ʮֻֿҪͲᱻ۸ʱϲͲôҪˡ
׳ﴽǣ뵽Ժӣޱȵڴ
ɣ㲻ȥѧԺٿվһǲͬ
׳üЩܡ
˼Ұ׳ͬˣΪξͲͬأǧ˦˦䣬ͻȻһ죬ѧԺĵʦܲͲõİ׳δȻΪϸĻϵħʦġ
Ȼɫȴѿ쳣ǲϣҰֳΪϸħʦŻ˿ܵġ
£һк붼ܿˡһʱļǣɸͲ֪ô졣
׳ͬһѧԺɡǧ׳ȥԽ˵һ䡣
׳ЩܳƵСҲһ㺦ɫģ𣿡
ȻǿԵġǧƿ꣬ʶȾһۡ
ȾҲڴ˿̵ͷһȥʱñ
׳ЩȸԾҪ뿪
Ϊͦ᲻õģȴ㲻ᶼûУ뾡뿪ԽԽá
ɣҲ׼Ҫߣæǳһȫǿܺŭɫ׳뿪
ΪβܣȾüͷ
ǧͬüͷ
η䣬ĿڰԹı鵭ģˮɵıȫ¶ȡ
ҴεŵôҴһֱΪȾģ¿ֻǰӲΪǿصĴڡ
һ񣬾ܰŵϢ
ȵȡüͷܾмϤ
ɾϤһʱҲ˵һȻߣɳɫǰ׼ҪٰһΧԣ׳ǰ׼ҵӣȻȱϯˡ
Χԣ
Ⱦգգ۾һʱ侹ǸΧԺͦ˼ӡ
ǧҲôãᳶε°ڣЦ˵˵Χԣǰȸ½ҲμӹΧԣͦ˼ģһΣҲμӺòã
ɡεͷȻԸġ
ϲΧԣ۾һȦûмʶΧءϣҲμΧ𣿡׳Щ±ƣûʸμӵΧԵģڰҾȻȥμӣķֻʲô
׳򴽰꣬һʱ²ڸʲô
ȻϣμӵġЦϵŭɫȥģǻ˼ִ֮ɫһֱûлμӣһҪμӰ
׳üûлμӣΪǵĲ񡭡׳üͷԽԽܾðұЩ֣ɾ˵ܲμΧԺҲͦġ
ȾԺμΧԣܹЩ𣿡׳ȾͰ͵ؿţϲģҲһμΧԵġ
һӾš
ðϲˡȾָģЦ˵һ䡣
ҵɫٴαѿ
ûȾǣ˭֪ӾţǸȾҲһῴɫģֱӴӦˡ
ҵӿڲϢȴֲ÷ֻ̣ܽƽԺǿ˵ȾԺܲμǰ׼ҵΧԣǿ԰
˵Щʱ΢ΣֲԸȴֺܿ챻ѹȥ
Ⱦɫ۵ףЦЦδ˵Щʲô



1219 ʮպΧ~

ܹѧԺˣ׳ĵҲˣ԰ҳµɫȻûκκ֮⣬һֱˡ
Щƿأһ´꣬ͷмֻҡ
Ұ֡׳֪ЩʲôЦЦת뿪ˡ
׳Ѿ뿪ǧҲǣ׼ȻصסϢһ˵
ȥԺǧ뵽ҸղǸԱģЦղŻ˼ǰҾǱǶµ˵ңȾҲԸԳյһѧ
εһˮŵǰȷе˼
еĲˮȣǧִ豭һڣ漴һ䣬˵˭ҩأ
󣬲ҡҡͷ֪
ǲһѣŪ˵ĶԹʲôҲ˵
ǧһҲʶͷǰǴ壬ϵӵĺܣҲ֪˭ȥгԹЩǰҾ˾˵¶ˣ޹ء
ǳЦŵͷ
ǧٴ豭һڣУҾðͻȻʲôΧԣܾʲôûô
һʹЦֻư׳ǵģҵҲǸɵġ
ŵǧٿĿͶϣû󣬰ҿ϶ҶЩʲôɰ׳ͲһˣҼȻΪҰ֣ڻ϶Ҫ뾡취
䣬ǧ̾һ䣬ô˵أе
˵ϲЩȵԼףǸҾȻҪ׳ɱ𣿡
ǰɡǧƿ꣬ǳ˵
ϲһٴξۣӺôȾ϶ǵóѵġ
䣬ϲСԴһر𽾰ӡ
ǧҲѴ깴ҲǣȾȥˣǾͺúⳡΧ԰ɡ
ΧҪʮУЩӣǧһֱڳлεţ֣ҲΪ֡
˵лƽڣϱѾŵƽʵģÿһյƾвͬɫͷϵĲʺ硣
ǧԽôˣҲûʶ˵еĻƽڣ϶Ҫúһˡ
νȻлƽڣҲòãǧЦų˳ε°ڣһ˫۾ģ貵ǳ
δʱǶһ¡
۾ôڴܹܾ
εĿ֮ȫɫϲǾȥɣ˵Ļƽֵĺܡ
ǧеɫŨÿǳǳʱһյ󻨵ƻȥ棬ô
áƿ꣬Ҫ
ǧЦס˷εĸ첲ľٶȴǸȻȴ͵͵ǼۣƺǾľٶ̫󵨣Щ֡
ǧȴûκθоĹִˣֱϽֺƽģҲֻкĹŴ˲Ż˷绯
εĶⱾЩ죬һܵϴȶȣһԳ
˫ʲôܾĻ˵ˣţ߹ɫС
Ҳֻǹ˼Ȧȥˡ
Ȼ֣̫棬ƽҪϲžУϢһϳȥúš
ƽں棬ȴҲԢ⡣
ഫŮμӻƽѰˣŮڼĻƣѰӣ㽫ƽǽ˻ƣԵǳˣǲӣֻ˵ûԵ֡
˵øһǻƽڣһŮգȤ
һϣǧŷǳš
ֻͷһȥ棬˭ϲ־ҲҪһȥκСʵ̫ɰǧҲֻЭ
ڣҹһչŷϲ֣ȻСӾһݣ
ҹĻ٣ŵƽʣַǳ
ǻӻͶһ˲ͽǳ˼ܰζԶ¥ʣƻģϸ洫Ҳ˼ֱζ
ǧϲ֣ҲϲϵĻơ
ЩüΪ£ƣС۵ƣӵơӦоУÿҾ¡
ףƵƯϲָ̯λϵĻƣС˷ܣҪһӻƣɰĽ
ӻһһĺģǧǮһ
ϲа棬ֵġ
ǧЦһۣûһĿһϣŰ۷۸ÿ£һ۾ϲˡ
δͼ˫ζǹ⡣
˳Ŀ⿴ȥǿյƯƣ֪ϲĽξͽġ


1220 

ţһϯƮϺðҲӳڵƻ£һ˲ˣ
ǧĿ䵽յϣȻĿ⻺ƣ˫ڵڡ
ڵȴҲ貹ģżǳЦ⣬
ǧһ죬Щ棬һѽùϸϸģΣô֪ϲƵģ
Ƽġƿ꣬㿴Ƶʱڳ˹⣬ұ֪ϲĽ
ǧһգգ۾й⣿
ȻЦ
ǧ죬˵üΪЦֲǵݡ
ˣȻЦ²һ
ݣ
Ǻ
Ӻܾǰ˵һЩĴʻ㣬Ҳûдȥʣ˵һ˵ģĿռһ
ƯǧƾЦ̾һ䡣
νë͵ǰƯ
˵ЩʱĿܿ䵽ϣҲ֪ǲ̾ơ
ǧҲûȥƾڸ
νţ½ˡ
ϲǣҧסָ⣬Ӧø׺͵֮۰
֮ͨһѱסҹĴȣԼȥףҹһȥˣҲҪĿġ
˲ǧһʱܺͷεദˣоġ
ȥɣҪСһЩҪҹ鷳֪𣿡ǧȻˣȴûбֵ̫ԣ˼󣬾ͽĿ˻
Ǹ侲Գֵģͷȴĵĺܣը񻨡
ҹ˵ദõĺܣ
߰ɡ֣סǧС֡
ܵϵȶȣǧ𴽽ǣЦ۶財
ڳϣǧֳƣдܰ˲佫ǧ˫һ˲Ʊ˼֡
ΣĻƽڻͦ˼ġǧ˻еƣٴЦ
ü֣ͣһ˲񳤲ĺӣɰĽ
ƽϳлƣвٳ***µСİڳˡ
ǧ÷һЩԵø⿪ġ
ҪһһΣ
һ磬ȫûʲôԡ
һ·ҲۣǷΣ欣һͷѩĳ˲˲Сۡ
СŻƣˮɵ۳˼ǽŷβţ޲϶һ
ǧע⵽ЩСĿ⣬˫һᣬɫ֣ЩûɫģҼҷζȢˣǾ۰ͰͶţûлĺ
һĹĵģ΢䴽ǣЦݳ͡
ᣬǾȻǧƣߺߵ˵һ䣬˭ôôҺ뽫
ͷţ㲻ϲھͻȥ
ǧ°Ȼ̧ߣھȻмС⣬ŲȥֻǱһҲûʲôҼҷγÿҲֻܿţôһ룬һͦˬġ
ٴ䴽һЦ㿪ľͺá
ŹţЩСĿ¶ǣһŰɫŮֳܽصƻ
ƻ֮£毺ãͿ֬ԺѤöĿˮԡ
ǧŮĿ䣬ŮΪ˷ζġӣܽصƣ¡ܽصƵݵǰ˫ģһηܹ¡
ͱε۷
δӣֻһ۱㾪ΪˣֱӽҲҲԵʲôˡ
ԣǧüͷ
ȻŮΪҷζ˫ֻأµŮӣҲڰй۲εķӦ
ɷξȻƤӶûգһ£·ǰĲʱŮǿ
ǧˣЦüΪá
ҷΰǲ顭˭ܵ˰ӣҵĻơβ˵Ҳûκξٶüٴ˵һ䡣
ƽǰĿûˡ
վԭأ˫ˮɵģƺЩί~~~~
ĵӣǧһҲվסˣƿ꣬һڽλǲ˻һ˵Ĵڣ㵱ҵ棬ҷݻĺ𣿡
һ

и֮
ӣЩţΪá
ǧָ⣬ȻкΧҲѹȻǸûɫģãôܣǷޣӶˡ



1221 ʲôȱ

һʱȻȻӶˡĶˣи֮
˫ڳ˸ɫǧһֺۣܿ콫ĿͶϣӣǷޣӶѾˣ
δʩ˰һƿ꣬ĮѾˡ
ûзӦϸζƬ̺ԷεĻʲô˼ǵĺӾȻˡ
ôܡȥôᡭеܽصƣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǸԱģǧЩˬŪָ⣬ｫܽصջأһҼҵģǶԱ˵ɷ˼˵ȥඪ˰
˫Ǻ죬ȴûһҪջػƵ˼
ǧۣΪ˼֣ңҼž£Ȼ󻧣ο֮ⷬ£ƽĹضˣ
÷ϴЩŭɫ
һδ˵ԵѾȴסֱӿŭʲô֪С˭𣿡
ü⽥䡣
ǧȴЩЦ˭
Ѿ̧°ͣǼСݿˣ֪İҳǼС㣬ǳĴС㣬ʲôǲʲôֵõ๣
һҲʶ̧̧°ͣǳС㣬ԣҿĸ֡
˵Щʱ򣬰Ŀһֱڷ
ɲţԺ᲻Ķ
ԭǳҵĴС㰡ǧüڶһ㵭Ц⣬ɣЩҲڳͣûСһ棬㲻Ǽðİɣ
ǧ⻰٣ڳˣҲûмλС㣬ƭӰɡ
ڳͣһȫû뵽
һԵѾҲû뵽ǧǵȺܲӦòƭˣǳ͵ǼСǻƽڣŴҴ뿪ѧԺ˴ǿɱҲ²⡣
˷䣬ٴ̧°ͣԽʮ㡣
ŶԭǷѧԺѧǧβһٺֵ˵ѧԺҲѧԺСͷӦѧ˲ٶɣ
Ȼһǧ
Ů˹ƾһƿѧԺĴŶȥ
ѧԺûн̹С㣬ܹи֮򣿡ǧŴǣڳŨŨĶ⡣
˫Ǻ죬ֱ˵
ǧЦһϯµ鶯ǳֱӽѹȥһͷ
ģڰҪ
ǧıˣһ˫·ϴӹϵЦҲ˼֡
˵Ҳˡ
קеܽصƣٴδʴʣҾϲӣǲи֮Ҷϲ
ԣޱؿһۡ
ǧͬһۣһʱֻúЦȻأСʲô
Σһֱˣʵںÿô壬кΣֻҪܹõΪޣ
ӣǳĴС㣬ֻҪŮӺ룬ҳףҾһٻ󡣡ƿ꣬мֹƻζ
ǧ˲ըѡ
ŴŮӶѾôţô
˶ôˣ
ûãһΧ۵İҲָָû뵽һƻŮ󵨣и֮ҲˣȻԲҪǺ룬ʵ۾
ЩԭأɫҲѿ˼֡
ǧסεȨ
ɲģŷΣٴ˵ӣܸҪٻܲܺŮ˺룿
δü۵Įֱӽ˿ΣƿʲôȱĪҪ˵ˡ
ЩԼĶ䡣
ջ˾Ȼܾˣֱ鶼ûС㾹ȻܾˣôܾܾأеܽصƣҪȥקε½ǡ
ƺͼҲһ֮ɫ
ܵѹеͻȻס̿ˮ̧εˡ
˵
λ㻹ʲô𣿡˫İޱ˵һ䣬£Ǿ뿪ˡ
ŵûһ仰˵
νĿջأǧתߡ
뿪ıӰӻڶͣ
һԵѾ߼ţֹС㣬ôܷߣʵţū澶쿴ȥˣӦøһѵ



1222 ҾúÿĽ

ֱߺ󣬰ϲ˼¶ȣŤͷŽнԶˣŤȷʵţǼȻҼͣȻܹǡ
ѾһɾסС㣬㲻ȥѧԺˣ
ЩȥҲǲԡһתңٹձǰ׼ҵΧˣΪСȻҪμӵġ
Ѿ˲Բ˺ܶණС˼ΧԳ鷳
ߺһû˵ȴ͸һĨġ
Ѿ߻⣬䴽һЦСӢʱǿ϶ڽһС
ǻȥȹϵܽصƣת뿪
һߣǧͷѡһ龰ĵطš
طΧҲԶĵƻǵ㣬өɷǺÿ
ǧУЦŵ٩һ䣬ʦò˿ɼ˶ܹǺˣ˵˵㵱ʱʲôо
еĵ٩䴽ЦģͬĽûκθоҵ˼㻹𣿡
ǧü֪ʣʲô˼
λĹƮɣһƱĻȣңֻҪ㡣
ԣǧֻļһ֣һɫڣû˻֪ж졣
ЩͳˣΪҪ˵ǧһ򶨵֪֪߰
ֹ˹ıǳЦңҵ˼ģ˵㾹ǲˣ
ǧֹ˹εСָͷЦвֻǾЩ̫ˡ˵Ҳġ
δһ͸һĨɫֻҪ㣬Ե˶޹ء
ǧͷ䣬Ĩһ𣬹
ˣ½ƵݵС
ǧӹƣڷҡҷñǱϨˡ
Ȼ紵ˡǧҡҡеƣʱϵħһɲǣٴαȼ
ɫĻӳŷ۵ƣÿǳ
ǧƣЦһ䣬ֱȼˣÿ𣿡
еƣɫĹâҹ𣬹ִܵż־޵ڵƻζʮ㡣
ÿ
˵仰ʱĿһֱǧϣҲ֪ڿ޻ƣ˵ÿ
ҲúÿĽǧ䴽һЦ˼֡
Դ˷ϲ֣Ǻþû㵥ˣɫãպʣǧ۾һգڶ˼繵ɫ
ǳ֮£еɫӳС
Ͷ貣˲÷κһͫҲŽҲ̲סһѽǧ뻳УͷʱסĴꡣ
ǲǰºͣͬһ㣬ϯҪյѹȫй
ǧ΢΢һС
ʲôˣϾһͷҰޡһǽδĴȥȴûзֶǽ§ڻУĺڵ˫ҲһɴǲɴӶ԰ϸ裬һ˲С
ǧ˳ڷλУָŷǰĺڷʦղˣһΪҪҲ븹ˡ
ζȴǲ˫İͬݷҰޡ
Уģ̌İ˫ֻûһ˱ҰޣȤĽ
Уɫ۷裬İ˫ɢȥˣһͳµħ̽ɱΪС
ǧ򴽰꣬ʱϲĲˡ
ҼҴʦǶ䣬ҺϲǧЦϷεĲЦֱ˼ڡ
۾ǰ״ĵħ֣ϸ֫
ϲá䣬ٴס˫
ֱǧıˮɵģŽſˡ
ǧеƣֻͷףһ˲ȴ۷ǳ
Ȼǳ׶ѾˣӶܴˣǾǴ˿̾һÿ춼棬·Զһ
ǧ䴽ǣϲĸоǳϲҪ˵Щʲôʱǧֻú󱳴Ƶͷ·һ¯һ
ȣָۡоǧ˫Ťһ¡
ôͻȻء̲ĲԾæֽ뻳Уôˣ
ֻǴһ£㷢Ϲ̵ͷ·ʲôһ
һΣ¸żôˣΪӻ̣
ǧҧأǰһƱðЩǽȾʪ󱳳Ȳʹ
⵽ôˡ


1223 ˭赲ɱ֮

Σҵĺ󱳺̣ۡǧקŷε°ڣ˫ΪʹúͮͮģŸǴ
ģˣͷʵڲܡ
ΪǧȴϢΪңԼ䣬ܵһɷͬһϢңǧϢ
ˣ
˫һΣüͷҲŽ˼֣ͻȻ뵽ҳ˵ġ
˵ѪѪ䣬ÿηľѪͻή١ǧ㣬ǲǾ˵ѪѪ
νץǧƣĺڵһ壬Ҳһ䣬Եұħ
ŸոǧϣΪһһʵǶһЩƣǴǲʹ
ΣҪǧһã˭赲ɱ֮
νָ£޼ɵ·Ҫһжᡣ
ǧһݣ֪ڵʲôæֽ߬ŵĴֽգü֮Ҳ˼ְζαģûµġ
䣬ǧϵȸʧˣЩգգ۾Ҳ˲٣ΣҸоԼˡ
ˣδһӾͶ˫գһʱͷĵҲɢȥ˲١
Ϊ֤ԼĻǧæӷεĻ˳ԭػ˼£㿴û£ⲻǺúõ
򴽲ȴͷࡣ
ǧεƣʾٺˣΣû¶ղɺϰɣ㲻÷ϵġ
ԣüͷ壬˵ЩʲôȴǧһԸģ䶯Ŵ꣬Ҳ˵Ļȫѹ
Щ飬Իġ
Ҳǧһ
ǧʰϵƣЦɫˣǻȥɡ
ᳶǣ˫ȴİĲУá
ǧȨûЦתѩɫɴȹҲƮƮ裬һƱɴȾ绪
οıӰûñȥ
ҹǵıӰԽԽصԺǧַϲҲˡ
˿̣ϲԺгŻƽϵζСԣһЩζС㣬ŴŴģζá
ףǻ˰ϲֵŸ㣬һ̧㿴˻ˣųõЦݡ
ǰǻˡǧЦ߹ȥʵڳʲô
ϲֻ˻еĸ㣬ЦȾﱦĸ㣬ɺóˡ
ǧ£ЦԴ
ɫƣθֿǵĻȴδ߽
ûãת뿪Ժ䣬ʲôҪȥ졭뿪ϲЩգգ۾ףȥʲô
ǧ뿪ıӰҲһĨɫҲ֪ʲôҪȥɡ
ϲֱ˱ͣɶѾôˣʲôأ
뵽ͻȻǧһ´꣬δ˵
ʱѰ˸žطֶңңԶеһ¡
ɫãɷȴиܵһĨ䣬·͸мѹ֡
ָ⣬˫һְ˼֡
Ҳ֪ãȥΧĹâҲ˲٣ɳҹ顣
˿̣εҲһ£΢䣬ת뿪뿪ʱ˫䣬˿̽塣
ȸ½
ȸʵһֱڵȷεϢɹôãϢûУҹҲʧȥ硣
鷿вⲽҲòᡣ
ǧѩվһ࣬ܵŭҲŵòҶԡ
ʥŮ˵ҹʲôΪˣϢûдȥʵһӣŭ죬Ҫʲôһ
ܵŭǧѩæǳ£Ҳ̫ģҹΪʲôأ
ʲô飬޵ҪҪȸʵǲŵģһתΪǴʦԸ
ǧѩװȵشһôᡭʦһֱڱ£ȸ½ġ
ȸʵ˦䣬ڶЩЦǸŮٴγֵʱ򣬴ʦĻͱȥ㣬ЧңҹĲ־õ֤
ǧѩ䶯Ŵ꣬ǲţôᡭʦͿ
ȸʵ۲еɫȴŨǸŮ
䣬ȸʵһ뵽½Ļʵ۽ȸ½Ϊ֪ϹԲ̿ѪѪѣԣҪۼ֤ǧѩľѡ
Ѻ֮Ǿ׼ַڰᣬԭе鶼ƻˡ
¡ǳ۶ӣ½Ļʵ۽



1224 ǧѩļı

ʥŮ˵Щʵ۽ȸʵۿϲԾһĶ˱㣬ҹβõϹԲ̣
ǧѩһۣĪҪģһܻתģֻҪ²˵Ů˵֪ûõϹԲأ
ȸʵüһֱţ
ܹв𴩵һ졭ǧѩ䴽һЦһһ߹󷽣һֱʱǸúúð½Ļʵۣǿ쳣
ȸ½ͬĵͷȷǸʱţٴڼ䣬Ǻأ
ǧѩһתǿ˵ȻҹûϢǾȸ½˽ҹһǴʦҲڣýʦҲ
ȸʵϸϸţע⵹Ҳ
ʥŮã˭ȥΪʣȸʵ۾ʡ
ǧѩڲڣЦ˵ŮãӵȥΪˡ
ԣȸʵüͷȻĶȥ
ǧѩ֪Щʲôֿڵ£ӵսۣҲǳȺȥʦгⰡ
䣬򴽽ǣҲһƾ⣬ֵңӵǶı϶ദƲߣôʦġ
ԣȸʵ۲δ˵ڴ˼ʲô
ǧѩҲվţ˫ҲУĻʮ㡣
ûãȸʵ۵Ŷ˶ҲɿˣʥŮ˵üǣ޵ӵȷǶıȥȻ°빦
ǧѩЦøΪ˼֡
Ѿīľˮ˿ĵҩʱͽסīɱ˹ߡ
Ȼ͵ϮǧǼ˻ܻ
ǧѩһ䣬Цǳ
ȸʵ۱īǰɿǵɫ̫ͷ׼һٰ˽
ա
ȸʵһͰīе鷿ǧѩΪЩϵҲһͬ˹ȥ
֪ʽжǰν£ī΢䣬Цһ䣬ƳͷʱǧѩĿˡ
һ˲䣬ֻǧѩг˶⣬Խüͷ
ǧѩڣûʲô¶ʱȸʵ۳һۣǿ˵ˣʶһҪȥ
īһ²ɺ˼֣֪Ҫʲô
ȸʵֵգڰٶȽ½ʵҪڰᣬͱõϹԲʥŮѪѪ
īϸտڲԡ
ȸʵ΢٣ֵԭҹǰȥѰҴʦɹ˺ЩӣûҹϢҲʦǰޱţȥѰҴʦ²Ҫ̴ʦ˰
ԣīû˵˼ȴĺܡ
ȥѰҷΡɷĪ⣬ʵǿԸԼʲô취أ
ʡī΢΢ǰһЦŷţʣεºܰʦĽԸҲûа취ġ
ܾ¶ûô򵥣ǲҪӦȽϺá
ʶҪԷƱȸʵߣź룬Цģǣܽʦġ
ǣ
ڷǰͲֵһī򴽰꣬һʱ䲢δ˵
ʥŮҲ㡣ȸʵ۲һ¾ͽĿ䵽ǧѩϣʥŮ޾ټģ˵ǣܿΡ
ԣīʶǧѩȥȻǧѩټġ
ʲô
ī۾ܿ뵽жľˮǾˮܹٿģǺ£ͳǧѩĿˣʱˡ
ǧѩľټ᲻Щĵҩйأ
ī踧ϵϣҲתת˿̻֪ǧѩҪʲô
ǧѩҲ֪Ѿ˾ˮҩ˵ǧѩڰˣ˳⣬֪Ҫʲô
֮ͨī蹴˹꣬ڵЦһֱȾüңŷ⣬˺񰮣Ȼøʧģ̣ʦ
ȸʵһٴιЦʶ޾͵ĺϢˡ
īЦЦδ˵
ǧѩīӦˣЦȫơ
ī䳯ǧѩһۣǽеƿһףȻʲôƻġʣ֪ʦںδīջĿ⣬ʶһ䣬֪巽λͱȽϺһЩˡ
ȸʵ΢΢һüͷſ˵ʦӦڰ׻½ǰЩʥŮڰ׻½ǵġ
ǧѩ΢΢һЦӵ£Ůȷȸ½˴ʦǣȥĻӦҵġ


1225 

ī󣬲ɵ˵ͷھǰ׻½븸ʵŶĺϢ
ȸʵļʾ
ī΢΢ףת뿪
ī뿪ǧѩҲѰһɣҲ뿪
ȵ԰ʱǧѩȹǰģƺЩУӵ»
ԣīŲ΢٣ЩƳͷʥŮʲô£
ǧѩһŽвŵһöȡҵݵīǰӵ£öӡ
ī迴еĵӣûȥӣԴؿۣʥŮǺ⣿ΪҪӣ
ǧѩһ´꣬ſ˵ȥ׻½·ϿܻΣգӵ󣬱Ҳ˺Ůϣöܹƽ
īüĿ䵽ǧѩϣۼ
ûãīŽĿջأҽӹĵӣǱͶлʥŮˡ
ǧѩ䴽һЦģ߹²ȸ½ϣŮôӦõġ
ī𴽰꣬Ц÷⣬ȴһƬɭľս
ǧѩȴδΪīöӵġ
ʥŮ£Ȼȥ׼ˡī轫սָռת뿪
ǧѩ뿪ıӰЦǳ
öҲǺڰ֮īѾǱϵľˮټϵŨĺڰϢ໥ãīҲ޷ġ
ʱī轫õӣ
ǧѩһЦڴżַ
ʱīѾʰװ̶ǰ׻½ʮ
׼ҵΧھС
⼸գǧڰ׼ҹûͦ
һΧҪʼˣҲֵüΪڴ
˵Χֻа׼ҵ˲ܲμӣҲģҼɵȾݣȻҶ˵ƤҲܺ񣬵Ȼμˡ
׼еĳȻ͸ɽһרΧԵĵطǸһ޼ʵɭ֣иɫҰζȻЩ׺ħͱΧɱɾˣȻƬɭڽΧּµϷ
һЩûΣյĹħ޻еģǾ͸ҰζһΧʱɱ
ڼǵĴ£ǧڰ׼ҵƬɭ֡
Ƭɭֻһ޼ʣˮɽЩͣһΧҲһЩѣͦȤġ
ʱɭѾ˲ˣǰ׼ˡ
ЩǰҵݣҲΪҲܵޱȳߵĴһ仰һ˵õȮ졣
ǧŤͷ˿ְҽմׯص壬һ˵ģ
վڰǵӰݺʹСҲ¡ػȫŵȫ˳
෴Ӱ׳ɴŴֲ£ƵӳԵÿǳ
׳ôˣ׳ɫ˲ˣ㿴ʲôһӣֱǻ
ɫ䣬Ϊ𣿶ǳ޿κζѡ
޿κΣü²⣬Ůڵʱգʲô
ҽǰЩӷȫ˵һ飬󰵰ľʵû뵽׳Ȼɱ˰Ҿ˾˵Ķӣֹˣȫˡ
ѧԺԺôŰ׳ΪʹûϵħЩζ⼸ŮûĻʵ
̾һǼҳ󣬶Ǳ˾Ȼ
һ´꣬ȷǼҳ󣬻治֪
ֱͦɵġ
׳˾ȻܽҾ˾˵Ķɱˣ۾Щ벻ͨ
һһ뵽յľȾЩˣǸԺ˵˾˵ĶһֶʹŻҰлɳá
Ҿ˾ˣüͷ
ƳͷһɫһʼȻǲŵģǡǲʬ壬ȷڼ⵽һֶԺ˵÷ֺ
ԣЩ˼飬ҶӰˣ˭ֻͻȻ¶İ
ҡҡͷ˿ûͷָɵĺ¡
˵ʲôأͻȻսһ䡣
ͻ˰һŤͷѹ˵һôѰ׳ϢŪ
Ҫɱ֣ЩмһҰֺοҪ˷Ѿ
Ūָ⣬Ц˵׳ҪѧԺˣʱһҧһڣǲΪ𣿻УЩӣ׳Ҳ˺ܶ飬һҲøҾ˾һ



1226 ս

ͻȻЦãͿҰֲ˳ˡ
һ䣬ݵ΢ʲôһ
˿̣˻˵˵⻰
ǧָ⣬ʶǿ˼ۣöŰ׳üͷ
ô˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ǧĿջأҷ֣һҪ飬׳ֻ¾ǸµĶ󡣡
ЦĿȾǳǾȾעһЩǺϲ׳𣿡
ǧüȻǴʦǴĽһӾͰ׸ˡ
ǳЦ
ǧתͷ͸Ⱦ˵ˡ
Ⱦżͷīһ²ؼģ
ǧҲģΣȾ϶ȵġ
ûһ׳һڵ̸ڽͻȻ̧ͷҲΪΧԵԵȫЦ⣬գǰ׼һһȵΧԱ꣬Ҳ˼λ͡
һ׼һ˵ȫǧǡ
ǵĿֱף˿ʲôֹˣڻŨŨӣҪǶˣҲꡣ
ǧվԭأǴš
׼һ˵˼ۺ󣬱Ǽ˵ʶѣһ֪ʲôƽˣһĿƲ۾
Щ˵˭Ϊλƣ
˵ǸɫĺѧԺԺǼλӦͷѧǵĹϵԺãҲƷײ͵ѧ
ѧԺǿȫ½ѧԺЩӳ˷ѧԺȥѧԺҲ˲١
ߴߴ˵ͣҲȫ˷֮ɫ
ֻڵĽüŤͷһ˲㿴˷־Ϊ˵
Ǻ£ǲ׵ʡÿ
ŷΣһ̶뽫Ŀƿ
ƽһ𣬽Ǽˣ
Ŀ̫޼ɵɷȴ޶ãֱӽһƿ
ߵҧҧͻȻݺݵǧֱۣӽʺŭתƵϡ
Ŀֱ̫¶ǣǧƳͷһֺۣܿ콫Ŀջ
ֻһɵ˰ˡףǸŮ˺ÿ£ǲڵǰϲָŰһ䡣
ȷڵǡǧЦһɣǸɵ˶ѣûҪϵġ
ϲһصһͷ
ǧһЦûϡ
ȭͷ˫Ť
ôˣҸΧԱʼȴԼŮ鲻ԣ¶С
ѸٻȻҡҡͷŮû£뵽ΧԱʼ̫˶ѡ
һЦЦݴ顣
վڽ䴦İ׳ˣ鲻˼֣ΪղμΧԣͼ˵Ĺϵƣ˭룬ˡ
ǰ׳Ǹۣܴİ׳ǣɸ߸ϣ˵Ұ֡׳ָ߬⣬ƵϵǶһĨ·һҪǿ
ΧԱʽʼҼɭֱֱ֣˶ϣΧԻͬһֻҪ˭ɱһֻҰζȡԨɽϵĺӮˡ
Ԩɽ
ľӳƼһʵɽɽ·ʢطǳɽǰ˵Ԩɽ
ţ;ЩΣգҪõ쵹ЩѶˣȡúʱ򣬻ɱһֻҰޣѶ𽥼Ӵ󰡡
ϲսڿԨɽʱ򣬰˦˦䣬ֵȻȡõһˣõǰ׼ҵһŵ
һ
һŵʲôŵԣֻҪɱ˷Ż֮ġ
׼ҵЩһ̸ȻҲհ׵ģɳֻаһȻմҲһ£Щٻĸо
ܵõ׳һŵʱ˵ܵõЩʱҪõǵõȥţѧԺˣ˵Ǽõġ
ټҵЩݴƣһҪͷѪģ
ˣűЦһõǰ׼ҵĺô˵ݣȴ׽Сˣˡ
˵Щʱ򣬰ȫǼڽҲġ
˵ߺһҲ˵䣬˵̫ܹݣǱܹЩá
ǸҪӵˣ϶Լõһչֳ
˵һҲ˵ˡ
ʱΧԱʽʼ
ǳȼҲͦߵģȤĻ϶Ҳμӣһ
ƥǴɫģǰϲһƥս߰ڷŹһ֧֧Ҳؽ죬ϼãӳʱĹ⡣



1227 Ҫ

ϵİݣΧԱʼҶ
һ˶ˣǰ׼ṩģ˰ƥɫĶͦƽӹûʲô
ǲԹԣܴϰѾǺܺúܺõˣ
ʱǧҲѾǧںɫӢˬͷ·ҪŮǹӢƲĿ⡣
׺˧ϲһֱֵ֡
ǧĿͶ˹ȥϵķҲӢȣģ˼ԲѪƽյЩͬɺÿĺܡ
𣿡ǧЦſڣǲϰߣͰѱҴɡ
ҡҡͷŻеĿɰңɫ˼֣Ҵͺã㰲ԡ
ǧһů˵ͷ
ϲְĿڷλУСģ˷
ʱȾѾԶˣһۣнӱ׷˹ȥ
ʱ򣬰׼Ҳһѷ˳ȥǵĿǵһԶ˼ѪһҲȫǷ֮ɫ
ǧɽȴûеһʱ䶯յģһɽˮģ
ףǶȥˣǲȥ𣿡ϲֱӣһ䡣
ǧƿ꣬Цȥһȥ
ûãǳǧǼнӣɭȥ
Ƭɭ䣬ͨԨɽ·Ҳͨ˴һʱҲμӱϣɽĻͶˡ
һϣһ
ǧһҲ£һͳҰȥ
ɭеҰ޺ܶ࣬͵ħҲкܶ࣬ôǰɱҲɱɾ귱ֳֻܶܶˡ
գ۵ĹǧɱʮֻҰޣЩҰҰӣҰʲôĵҲЩԽԽ˷ܣС
ŤͷԵķ˵Σȥĵطɱһǻϡ
ãȥɡˣ붼ûʹӦˡ
ǧ˼ӣһ̾һûӰ
ܿ죬ɭиĵططҰޱͷĻֻ࣬Ҫһಡڶ
Ұ޵ı
ǧ˫һ̰ڳơ
ʱ򡭡һΣյĺͻȻϮţһǰһ
Σգ
ǧüһжһĨɱ⡣
ֻáಡһһʣֱֱϮ
ǧѾǶжĹ켣һ㣬ԾӯԾʱͬ鶯
ͻȻ顱һһֱֱ˲ԶС
ǧ˷䣬һ˲֮ϣŤͷһֲеľȻһö
Ǽ˸ż⣬žڣΣշǳ
ղţûвĻֻ»ᱻɱġǧקһ˫ʢӳܿȥҪĸ۵Ķ˺
һȦǧûˣǿһԵĹľִϤϤĶȻҲ
ǡɱ˲ˣ
ǧ۾Щߣƽ޹ʱһͷ֪˭ɣҪ׷ȥ
ң׼˵ĵȼѾ̽ˣ£Ψаǰ˽ħʦǶԷΣա
ʮ˫ϵħʦǲһġ
ǧĸ˹ȥûãԶν¶
ǸŰɫĽСˡӦŮӡ
˵Ůӣǧ뵽źˮرˣǹи֮㲻á
˵ǰ׼λС㣿
󰮲ɷŭ⣬ҪɱƷˣСλ
ǧһּӿٶ׷ȥ
û뵽׷һһ޿ֵģ
ͷ˶ô
ҧһеŭɫŨתתٿһ֮ɫֱӳǧײ˹ȥ
Ѿȥˡ
ղŵļû˵ǧ֣£Ͳǧˡ
ţҲżַɫ
ײİǧɫһüͷҲ㻹Ƿˡ
ܲˣֻIԼϣŮ裬ŪЩӻˬˣٴμŮˣȻҪֽѵˡ
ټϣߣǿ׳Ȼܹȫˡ
ǰŮˣ˳úÿһЩ˳úÿһЩûʲôãѾ̽ˣ̽鲻Ů˵ĵȼ
ûжǵȼ̫˰ɣ
ղűҲɺ϶ѡ
ԽԽˣۿҪײȥʱֻ


1228 ҳʲô

ǧٴշǼƾͷ·һ㣬һ㣬̾վһԴ֦ϡ
ֶϵذ裬Ʈݷǳ
㶣Ů˾Ȼˣ
ߵսͣ¡
ǧ۾˫һУһϸСʯֱӴĶϡ
~~~~~~~˻һͬһϣֱӱˡ
ͣ£ͣ£ͣ°ŵôУԭƯķҲˣ˿̿ȥһӣǱ쳣
ʾͣ¡
ܵʲôһɷ費ֹûһǽϵİ˦˳ȥ
顱һˤ˸Ľų죬һӵӲģģֻѾ˰ɡǧվϣ˵ŷ
һ䣬Լͷû뵽Ұֱӽ˦˳ȥ
ҲǰԼģȫֵͬ顣
Ӵ۰ſڵϰǵ˰˱ùˣȻᱻ˦ȥǱ˿ˣҪЦ
˫һҪӵŤͷʱ򣬾ͷվһֱڿϷǧ
һ㶣ٴˤڵء
ˣŮһֱϿԼԼĳµеŭȵ㣬ʹʹҴˤģ
Ե޹ʷ裬ֻǧˣǧɵֻ˭
Ƚײ޷ҲҴˤ£Щͷʲôԣǧ۾Ц
С
ͻȻеЦָһ㣬һಡһ𻮵һƷ˿̴̳ǰ
ŻˣѱֻҪǰһЩСûˡ
ſˮҲ㵽Ҫʲô
ʰ״СʲôŶԡµı飬ǧЦøӿɭǰ״С״СҪҵ𣿡
ûУ˵ϣСȴǲҰֽ
ǧ֦ϣеػ˻˫ȣ˫ȴĺܣ״СȻϣҪҪҽϵļȡһ֧ǰԱһ£
һҲԭء
ǰ׼˵ļרȥģÿ˼ϵͼڽǲͬհ׵ȴûִõĶͨ
ǧǣûִˡ
ıȶһ϶֤ġϣ˭֪ǧȻһӾͷ˼ĹŹ֡
ҧҧֻӲͷƤûҾҪɱ㣬ΣСǰ׼ҴС㣬Ҫһ˵Ȳһֻϻ򵥡
𣿡ǧֹͣСȵĶ°;ŰЦЦҾðɣҪɱ㣬ȷһֻϻҪ򵥡
ԣһ£ҿǰ׼ҴС㣬㶯Ұ׼ǲŹġ
ˣֱӱһøҲǱĺܡ
ǧ򴽽ǣƮƮҰⰡһСıɱҲǿܷģңҵֺߣһۼ˭ֻỳأ
һüͷ壬Ů˺ƻһӾҵƲϵİ취У㲻ɱңôҲû֣㻹ǻúúõģɱңҲŹ㡣
ǧ򴽲ŰĿİǳ
ŵӡ
ǧЦа񣬡öҩˣҾһ
䣬ǧȡһɫʰ쵵Ŀµҩ
ǿŵҩһ֪ʲôöǳ£Ҳ֪ʲôá
ʲôҩҲŲԵġţȫǿܡ
ǧһָۣһöҩͽ뵽˰С
һ£ֻǿζɫζӦʱѾˣѾöҩˡһæȥٺöҩڼͿٲŻˣһ㣬㵽׸ҳʲô
˿̲ŷ֣ǧĸһħ
ʲôɵóħöȥĵҩٴŤ˼֡
˵㾿ҳʲôֽŷӵվȴôҲվֻͷǧš
ǧЦһֱӴԾ£ӯ·ͬһѩɴÿǳ
ҸԵģǶҩǧƮƮ˵š
ԣöǮ񶾵ŮˣȻҳԶҩþͲܷŹ𣿡



1229 Ű׳ħޣ

ܰǧֵڴ䣬˸һ˿΢⣬㣬϶ٶұģβ¶ҩܹ˳һЩ
㡭ᣬһ˲ֻؿЩƣ󣬾ؿڣɫףĽ
ǧŴ꣬ȵǸˣҸԵĶҩǲܶģ㶯ˣҩͻᷢ۵
ԣȻͱĥȥ
һæǵںҲҷƢˡ
Ҳôһ£оʹʧˣĽȣȴûбֳ
㲻ҽҩ𣿡һ´꣬Сһ䡣
ΪʲôҪҩǧӣ˳ĽëҲ̣ЩԺҲֻҪ㲻ŭԹɱ⣬ⶾȻᷢ
ԣȻɴ۾ʲô˼㾹Ȼҽҩ𣿡
ǧ̯֣Цݴζѽ㣬ǸˣҪ˵˼ˣΪ˱ҿ϶ˡ
㡭ҧҧٴζŭʱĿٴһۡæסĿڣŤ
ǧļЦ˵ŭŭôͲأµǺˣʹ˰ɣ
ҧأӲеŭѹȥޡ
䣬תһ£ȥԺ󣬶ҵⶾķӣʱҪŮ˺ÿ
֪Щʲôǧ𴽽ǣѵ״СɱܽⶾⶾҩҾƳģ޽⣬ΨҲнҩⶾӡ
ЩҩõģⷽмңֻãƳĶҩǷܹģ
ҧ
ǧ֣תߣϵİɫȻɴ
뿪ıӰıŤٴʱؿڼʹʹȥ
ɶ񣬿ɶ񡭡Ůֿɶ񡭡ֵ֮ǧҵȥɱҰˡ
Źһʱ䣬ǧȻɱʮֻҰޣʮֻҰˣʮֻܴﵽһֻ
ǧ룬ȥѰҰ޵Ӱӡ
ȻΪʱ򣬾һ˻
ǡǧȻɴǸܵһǿħϢ
ħħ޵Ϣͬɱһսħ޵Ϣҵȼ͡
뵽˴ǧüͷɽ塣
˵ɭеսħͱɱˣֻһЩҰ޺͹ħޣ£Ȼǿսħޣ⵽ɺأ
˹Ϊ֮ģ
ǧĥһ£ȴʼû͸ֻħھԲʲô鷢
ǧ˼ӣ̳ħڵķܶȥ
һ·ϣǧ鶼ţ֪ᷢʲôֻͷһֲõԤУ·ʲôҪһ
Ȼʲôأ
ҪӽʱǧԶһ󾪽

ŵȸ׷ɡ
ǧӣһ˲ŷǳżɱ⡣
ݡǧٴμнӣһ˲񱼣ϵİɫҲƮȻγΨĻȣʤա
ģǿħ޵˻ˣǧܿ˿ͻȻΧЩм׼ȻѾħ޵ĺ
ĵģҲģ˿ħ޵ע⡣
ǿֻ׺ħ޵ʱ򣬰׼Щŵתܣ˿ǻ
ǧǲֻʶӵıӰ˫
ϣͳħڵķȥ
ӯĺ
Щˣǧ㿴ֻǿħޣԹƣֻħ޵ĵȼڰ˽ңʶʥħԺǧûнֻ˽ħ޷
һֻССİ˽ħޣȥӦþ˰ɡ
ǧһ̷䶨Ժǧŵµ
ֻ˽ħڷţ˫ɺģ·ǱʲôһԵøⱩŭѪЩ¡
˽ħ޲ԶĵطȻſһˡ
ǧ۾㽫˵տˡ
ĺƣᾣɫǰ׳ɣ
˿̣ƵȫǱ֮ɫǴѪ̧ǰİ˽ħޣҡ
׳Ȼǻϵħʦȼܵͣ԰˽ħ޾͸Ϲһȼ⣬·ֻҪ˽ħһžܽȳ⽴
׳Ҫģδϵħͱ߷˳ȥһ̫ŪĹͷˣô


1230 ϶

ǧţҲְ׳͸СһʹǷҲݺˡ
ǣƬɭԵ޹ʳְ˽ħޣ
ټϣֻ˽ħǳŰ׳ɺϵ飿
ǧ˼
뵽ճƵⳡΧԱǰð׳μӵģʱ;ðҪ顣
ȫȻû뵽ҾȻֽѵһҲͰˣƫȻһֻ˽ħޣҪ׳ɷĩ
ҰҵҲúܺãʱ׳ħ£ҲỳǰģֻΪֻ˽ħ©ģǰûɱɾġ
ټֻħ޲Ű˽ףƾҵ϶ܽƷǲУͼҵֻħ޿϶ӲɭеʧҲ̫
Ǵһֺ̰ǧһ䣬Ц
ʱ˽ħ˻һŰ׳һ뾹ȻԾ𣬷ӲצҲ
һǿǴڰ׳ϣȻ͸͸ġ
׳ˣȻ۾ˣ϶Ҫˡǧۣ㣬Ʒֱӳ˽ħϮȥ
顱һ۳ֻ˽ħޱ˳ȥ
׳ΪԼҪˣɵãûеʹСô£
Ѿ
ǣΪʲôûиоʹȻһ
׳̿ˮʶ
һ㿴һĻǵûֻղŻŵҪİ˽ħ޾ֱӱ˳ȥ˵ڵ໺УҲվˣڰ˽ħԴϾȻվһŰµŮӡ
Ů毺ãȫ͸һϢһ۱
׳Ůӣһ˲ֻϤǳŮĶһϤڰ׳Ժﻮ׳˫Ҳ
ˣŮǸȾߵģ˵ģǽǧɡ
ʱǧѪ﷨ָŰ˽ħ޵Դ˽ħһŵɪɪҲˡ
׳˼ΣǴӵǧȥɢһĨٺĹâлǧȣǧˡ
˽ħ޴ȫʬԣǧһŽ˽ħ߷ɣ˽ħ㲻ֱ˹ȥħԴһԾϣֱֱվ˰׳ǰ
Ҳôлңֻ·˳ѡǧһۣûʲôЦ⡣
׳һ㶣ȴûвģǺܸмģһǵллǧҽ֮ء
ǧһۣδ˵
׳ģǱ˽ħ޹ԺȫʹѣվҲþȫҧأһڵء
ǿŵģǰ˳࣬ǧȡһöҩݵ׳ǰ
׳еĵҩɵһ
ûпĻöҩӦǴ˵еѪǿʥƷ
ǰѪǻɫģɫմȾѪһ㣬ͨ͸Բ󣬴һ˵ζ
Ǿ֮ܣҲ֪öҩƷƻ񼶵İɡ׳̿ˮܳǧöҩĵȼͰҪҳ˵ĵҩмеġ
ǧҲ̫˰ɣȻ˳ôţƵĵҩóȥ׳ǰĵҩǲȥӡ
ǧģĿһ˫ҲǲԵĻҾͽöҩˣĵҩ϶ǡ
ǣ
ԣ׳ԭأὫöҩ׳¶
𶪰ҳԾͳˡ׳ִҩһڱȥ
ȥԺ󣬰׳ֻϵ˺۶ʧʹȫûˣңоԼ״̬նҪã·һӴһͷţ
׳˫һϲлǧҸоҵӶˣһҲˣʹ
ǧһۣһЦ˵˵ɣô˽ħ޵ģ˵ģɭӦòǿħ޳֡
ǰɭеǿħӦȫɱ˲Ŷԣ¡׳ƣ뵽ղŷһбһ£ұΧԵģͻȻ֮䣬ֻħ޾ͳ˳һδӦ֮ʣͳһš
ǧüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻǳŰ׳ġ
Ȼֻħ޲߱ˣƫҪһֻ
ǧüٴγ׳˹ȥ׳Ͳֻħרų𣿲Ȼɭô࣬ΪҪƫƫ׷ɱһټϣֻħ˫ɺ죬ֵҰǱҩסˡ
׳뵽ʲôһ˫һҲɪɪ



1231 û

ôءģ϶ġ׳ҡҡ׹˵Լˣǧ˵ɺ϶Բ԰
ǧƳͷĿ⵭ĮѾд˲𣿶ңͻȻμΧԣ㲻Щ𣿡
׳ʶһɵģֽͬ
ģôء׳ҡͷۿҾӣҲǰ׼ҵѪ
ǧվţʲôҲû˵
׳ϣ˫ն㯣Ҳоȫ綼˺
˵Ұ֡ǧۣһڳ⣬ңǰ뽫͸ǸҾ˾ˣһ͹ȥ֪ʲô³𣿡
׳ҧ˫һʱֻȫ䣬ںһ㡣
ҡ׳䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ侹ǲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
һͳȥɣһᱻĥϾҾ˾˸ʲôˣǸħ
ǧţĿ絶֪֪³ʲôɵʱȾֹˣҾ˾˲δȥˣĸȴԾɲģ뵽һ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
׳ؿڵĲϣβ
ǧӣٿ䴽ЦЦݵȴ˲ֱӣΪ˵㲻ǰ׼ҵѪȻ޵ټҪȥѧԺѧϰȾ˿ɽȻˣϾǶֲã㱨ֻΪǿˡ
׳һ£ǧ˵Ȼһ㷴ضûС
˵ãʵ̫еˡôԣôԡ׳ϣһҪ˵ģ
ǧСȣЦʵι㵱治ǰ׼ҵѪ𣿡
Щ档
׳֪ûʲô˼ЩŤ
ǧöûȵڣΪ˵ء
ɹһ׳Ҳ֪ˡҼҾһֱڰ׼ңһɲ֪ôľͻȻˣסưܵУÿճʣʣϴ·Ҳ˴ʣµġ
ͦҵģδԽǰ࡭ǧüһЩݣȻأ
׳ָ߬⣬ֵȻ󣬰׼ҵЩݾ˵Ұ֣Źң̫Сˣֻܱȳܡ
ǧ۾ȴû˵
׳ӣֵãұǻϵħΪܹõ˭֪Ϊп޵Ĵڡ
أǧŤͷѯţûȥҽ𣿡
׳ЩãȻҡҡͷҼҾûмˡ˵˽ˡ
˽
˽Ȼû׳ȥ
ǧüֻЩΣ˵϶͵ˣ㣬˽˵ĺӣˣΪβҲһأ
׳գգ۾¶ãȻҲ֪
ǧ°ͣţȻҪ˽϶뵽ڰ׼ҿ϶úܲãӦý߲Ŷԡ
׳һںͮͮģܣ׸ɡ
׳ڱУǧŴǣҲû˵
˵Ұ𣿡׳ۣٴãȻһ䡣
ǧڰ֣ЩЦ¶㶼һ֪أ
ԣ׳ʹҲȾһɫǰԼ֪
ǧһۣδ˵һǧƿ촽ٴ˵һ䣬ʵҪ֪Լǲǰ׼Ѫܼ򵥣ֻҪѪ׾ͳˡ
׳˫ûȴȥϲңҶԣѪʲôġ
Χԣǵõһܸ׼һǧ˸һ󣬡ȡõһһвð𣿡
׳Ȼ۾ңһ
Ժ󣬰׳˶κģôôȡõһ
ǰ㡣ǧˡ
׳һֵҲеģҿ϶еġ
ǧ󣬴һеĺҲŶ˼֣ûʼ˵ԼˣȾԺ㿴㣬㾹ȻһĶûС
һ٣ֵѧԺɲȱѧԺûкģûʵģʱֻܱˢٱѧˡ
ԣ׳Ӳɫøס
òײſʼı䣬ôܱˢأ
ǧ˵òΣҶӦƴһ¡׳սȭͷڵĵӱηȡǲƴĻԶ֪Լߵһ
̬ı䣬ǧ䴽һЦѧԺѧ
׳ͬЦ



1232 ûõħ

ǧüһ٣ɱָҸˮΧֶǵùƽĲźá
û뵽˵׳һ㶣֪ġҲûǧˮġ
ǧļ򣬵ЦһǾͺúüͰɣҿ㡣
׳Ӧ£еĵʧһɶµֻЦ¸ңһģлǧ㡣
׳תȥҸոߵˡ
뿪ıӰǧתҲȥԼˡ
˩ϣеسŲݣнŲ⾯̧ͷǧִͷȥԲˡ
ƥǧãҲиˡ
ǧԴʱϡ
нԶֻʣһСڵʱЩԵİ׼ͻȻ
Ҹղ˺ôĶħ޵ĺ˵ɭвħްɣ
ɣɭеħͱɱɾˣôܻУ
ǣղŵĶĺô󣬿ħްɡ
һ˵Ӳɶһ¡
ħǿôã
ղŵĶֻħ޵ĵȼӦúܸ߲Ŷԡһ˴ƣЩµҾǻǲҪȥ˰ɣħޣҵȼܸߵĻȥҲֻѡ
⼸󣬲ɶ½Ųֻ˵Щ
ѽ
Щ˵ȼҲߣȥĻͳħ޵ˡ
ʱһͻȻ˵ǣħ޵ȼĺܸߣҲ㲻ȥİΪҲֻ⣬ԣӦھȥа취ħ޽ɱǾòˡ
˽ǳĬ⻰ҲЩô죿
ȥ
վԭأһʱò⡣
ʱһĳǣʲô
Щ˾񿴵Ĺһ˫ʱһ׳Ǹղħ޵˻׼˴
ǰһ˫࣬ȴִһ˵ɫҲ˶һͬǰȥ
һϲЦտ
ҵĵȼܸߣټһϯˣ϶ܽħɱģ
һϯɭȥʱЩ˲ɵۡ
ôҲɫ˫ҷŭ
ԭΪܹİ˽ħޣͰ׳Ǳ˺õʬ壬ȴû뵽ֻ˽ħ޾ڵأôվ߻صҽ
һϵ˿ڣǱŰˡɵ׻˭أ
ѵǸҰ֣
üԺȴʼվЩԾ
Ұֵʵ֪ģûǰĿǰ˽ħްƾҰҲ޷⡣
˵⵽ô°ѵȾȾ֣
׼˼ֻϵİ˽ħ޺󣬲ɵһȻһֻ˽ħޡʱ֣ǾҪ˰
Ǿǣ̫ˣ֪˭Ȼ˰˽׵ħޣ
Ҿã϶ѧԺǸԺôһֻ˽ħӦòڻ¡
ǣɭеħ޶Ըɾˣôְ˽ħޣ
һ׼һʱ벻ʲô͡
ҵɫǱ仯ͣ
ɭеħ޵Ȼɱɾˣֻ˽ħŽŪҰֵģ˭֪ħ޾Ȼǰûã
ҧҧ޲ڰ˽ħ߼š
˽ħԸо˰ҵ仯˻һģֱӽһ
ûöȻУˡ
ʱ׼ҲŻˣΪ˽ħҪսһ䱸
ֻ˽ħ޻׶ĽǲӦý
ǲĻǵв
׼һһĲ˵ţȫǶ԰˽ħ޵ļɵǲ⣬ƻڵġ
Ұڰֻ֣ͣ˽ħޣȻǰûɱɾԵʣˣȻҪɾ󻼡
䣬ֻ۲ѣֻ˽ħòץģΪˣ˺Щħ޵ҩ
˺ܶҲ˵ɵͷȻǰ׻ġ
ûɱ˵ֻ˽ħҪɱˡŴ꣬һ˲˫Ťɱˡ
䣬ڰҵĴ³ǰȥһ¾ͽ޷֮İ˽ħ޸նɱɾˡ
һѪħʬ壬˶ʱЦˣڲڵҲȫʧ
ȴǰڳһҪı飬˲աͬһƬ¡
ǧһֱɭ֪Ǹط׷ʲô
ʱѾɱ˾ʮֻħޣֻԲˡ
ǧ˼ӣǰ


1233 

ûãҰ޵Ѿˡ
ǧŲԶԨɽƼ䣬ԨɽҲغδ֪Σա
ǣǺɽϣòȥ
ǧԥͳԨɽ
ԽЩŵԽŨżʪ䣬ܿͽǧʪˡ
ǧ⣬ûһɽ¡
ɽ¶ͣϸǷĽԸߣǧӣЦɽ·Ըߣ㰴ԭ·ذɡ
䣬ǧͽЩɱҰ޶ռڡ
˿̣Ļһ㣬Ĳɽ
һ뿪ǧһ㣬ӯ鶯رۡ
ɭдУŲȥɱʱˣûãѾ˰ɽ
Ӱɽ¿ܿķ羰ǧһۣȴǿмӵߣǽΪ˺дڱصõĹâ
ǧջĿ⣬һɭдС
ֻҪɽܵõˡ
δ˿иָһ·ǧǰɽ·ϾȻֲ·
ÿһ·Ϊ䣬һʱͨɽġ
ǧɶ½Ųڴżԥӡ
ѡһ·ȽϺأ
ǧ̰ٻܾС϶ָܸһ·ġ
ӣӦһ·أǧõԴһ䡣
֪󣬲צӲһţ壬˵ģй¶˵˵
ǧüͷ˼֣һӶ䣬ȻûãǱɱ˰ɣҲ֪õζʲôġ
ӲɲǱģѾͷһ涼ͼôˣ㾹ȻųԱõ⣬ôôడ
ˣˣǧѹԴ֮ʮ㣬ȸң·õġ
ץ°ͣһ˲ҲЩɣҲ֪һ··ʮĺܣҪһɣ
Щɵָһ·ȻͦģҲ¶ܲ³İ˵ǧҲԳһ£˵ͷʮ㣬Ӧ·ȥһӦҲ
ɣҾĺˡǧ䴽ǣЦ
üԼģҲͦ˵ģõģԲд
ǧ䴽һЦǰš
ԽԽ˵ʮǧҲܵˡ
ЩǴһԵҩɢģǧŤͷ·Եҩݣ˫˼֣ӣ㻹ˣȻָôһõط
ҩݽʢһǺö
ؿڣģĺܣҲ˭ȻԿġ
ǧЦŨȥڲҩ
ȻΧԱ׼ҵһŵЩҩҪҲȱʲôμΧԱǾúѣЩҩȴʵʵڵĺãƳָĵҩǮ
뵽ӲӵĽңǧµĶˡ
Źһʱ䣬ǧ㽫·Եҩݲժɾˡ
μһΧԣջķᰡǧĵϵмЦӯӯģߣȥμӱȥ
ðһۣ㻹֪ڱ
ǧû˵ȴԽԽˡ
ͬʱ׳Ҳһ·նԨɽϡ
ıǧһЩԺЩˡ
ݼ׳ͻȻ֣סˡ
ûɣ˺ųҰ֣ȻҲԨɽˣ
㻹ûˡġ
죿ƾҲ䣿
֣ܿͽ׳һǴ
ǰİ׳ŵҪˣµİ׳Ѿǧˣ˿̵η壬㡣
ȭͷǰЩˣԣҾġ
˵Щʱ򣬰׳вСǣһһر
ݼˣٴαסˡ
ʵڲ֪׳Ȼһ棬˼㻹һɢѪԣģ˾Щ¡
ݲ̿ˮ԰׳ʱǶ˵ЩԻˡ
㣬㡭
ָŰ׳ıӣĿİ쾹˵һĻ
׳ǣɿ˵λ£Ҿ뿪ˣϾǱֶ롣
ԣڻ˹šü԰׳һתܲã׳һֱ˵ǼʧȥһĶ
Ժرġ


1234 Ȼ

ɣ
Բ
ӣͷҲҪ׳ȥ
ǲǱˣǸҰ֣ôҲı䲻˵ġ
Ұ֣ǸԺˣӱˣ
Ҫȥ죬ȹһ˵
ݳֵģһҪ׳ģ
׳ʶһǧĻȴڶߣһ֮ĶûеĻԻᱻѧԺˢġ
ʱͻص˼̤
룬Ҫı䣡
׳ȭͷеĲڴ˿̱ҾҪ죬ô˵ҶҪ
ԣٴסСӵǱˡ
ˣǻǽеĿ־ѹ£ôˣͲŶԸСӡ
ݽŰ׳ڴԹ찡ʤ˵ɡ
һ䣬Ǿͳ׳˹ȥ
ǵĵȼȻ̫ߣԸһ׳Ǵ´ġ
׳ȻһʶҪͷһ뵽ǧĻеѪ֣ӭȥ
ϵħ˲һС̧֣Щ˳ȥ
׳֪Լ򲻹ǣЩСĻûС赲ǵȥ·
û뻹ãݱС赲Ҳ
ֻҪһǾͻᱻСգζǲܣ
ݿЩȼյĻ򣬲ŭ׳㵽ʲô˼
򣬾ȻˣС˼вɣ
ǰҲҸ
׳򴽰꣬üͷҲ𣬡ִ̫࣬򲻹ǣֻˣһЩС˼ҿҪģﵹ¡
䣬׳ת뿪δߡ
뿪ЩȻɴ۾ţ׳ҪȥĶЩ泷ߣ
׳Ų΢٣Ťͷһۣڻܳߣ뿪֮ЩԶģǲõġ
׳ĿᶨκӰ졣
ڽǷſĻȻ˳ȡú죬ţ˵ݣǴδݣҲν
׳ֿһۣת뿪
ݼӰ˫˼֣׳ҰֿЩЩǷſ
׳ˣպǶҪÿ
ǲţȫû׳Լݡ
׳սȭͷûʲôӰ졣
ʱǧãѾԽӽɽˡ
һ·ϣǧһЩĶҩݰ˲֮Ĵ󲹶
ǧȻܷŹˣһ·ժɣջķᣬȴǵ˲ʱ
üǸյģЩѾͷ㲻ΧԱôյģ㲻õһˣ
ǧֵڵĴ䣬ЦȻģɵһûЩҪȡõһҲֻҪ׼һ£ѲɣһǽȫļҲң
ԣþûͦе
˵òĳЩСˣôὫȫҲ㣿צëֵңЩҩݺ˲εļֵѾǧˣǸʲô׼ó
ǣ϶óǧЦЦ԰ҩʲô϶һҪ˶ˡ
ͷʾ֧֣ΧĶҲѵһ˵ġ
ǧһҲʲôˣöãȫû׼ʲôѵһˣպûˣȻҪóˡ
ǧֿ׼òһӣСѾͷ㻹ǲͻȻð׼Щˡ
ǧЦĿȻ
һ·ϵĶܿ챻ǧϴһգüˣЩ˷ܣЩͬ飬ͦӵġ
һ·ժժɲɣǧǵɽ
ɽϣһӭƮҡţúܿͷ죬צǧСѾͷһ죬ӦþҪһɣ
ģ̌ɽĺ죬˵ͷһ棬ˣұ㽫ȥ
øӦݴԴϤϤһ㶣СѾͷ˹ˡ
ǧûκ뷨ȻѾ·ϵôʱˣǻֻ˵׼ЩǷ
ŤͷҪ˾˭
ϤϤͣûãһϤǧǰ
ȻǧϤǲһĨЦݡ
Ǹ˾ȻǱ׼İ׳
նȻǱеĲȴǱǳҪҫۡ
ǧ뵽׳Ŭǰȴû뵽ᳬԽ׼طҲ֮еġ



1235 ׳

׳ѹ˳ĬֻڳĬб
ˣҲˣҲǰˡ
ǧڴ׳ͬʱ׳Ҳע⵽һ¶һĨЦ⣬ǧû뵽ôͼˡ
ǧͬǳǳһЦǰͦġżʱ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ԣ׳ӱӣɫƺһĨߣǧＤң֪ôлźá
ǧЦ
׳ͻȻȭͷǻȥһǱǧＤңҲѺøģԲ𣡡
ǧʧЦΪʲôأԭС¡
Ҳûð׳ˮԼԺҲûôִһ·ϣѾõõĶˡ
켴ʹ׳ȥҲû⣬˵Ҳ֪׳ǲǰ׼Ѫܵ˵飡
ҲûҰǧڰ֣һѣһתһ䣬׳һ·ûпҩݰ˲֮ģ
ͻȻת˻⣬׳ЩĪɻĻشûаߵ·ʲôûУߵ·ģ׼Щݶ·ġ
Щģд
ԭˡǧëһ
ԭǶһ·ֲһ·ûһˡЩҩݳƼãҰģǱһĪǣЩҩݶǰģ
Щ˲ΣҲǰµģ
˵˰ҵС⣬޸áҪǱ֪ˣѪ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ǧצӣˣѾͷ
ǧƳͷûиûͦģ
׳֪ЩʲôͻȻֵǧһ㹫ƽġ
ǧڰ֣⣬úúá
Ѿ񣬰׳ֵǧʼɡ
䣬׳Ѿĺȥ
һ·ѾõòˣоرԼĿĺôҲͣˡ
Ҫõ죬һҪõ졭ǧ׷ȥ̬ӯޱȡ
׳ҧأƴܣʹ֮⣬Ҳģ
ǷҲûлˡģ̧̌ƤӣзǳҲǿп޵ġ
ǧУһǷиҲûʲôоСѾͷĻһЩа׳ģӦǸȽеˣǹֻڡ
ǧ󣬲˵ͷ֪Ϊɵ𣿡
ִһǷҲ˱ա
ʱ׳þȫͿҪˡ
ǧҲʾһŽ׳߿
׳ʹæǽ˻ȥ
ǧǳһЦ뽫ȥ
׳ˣȻɴ˫ҲһƬ֮ɫٴγֹеĻ澹ҲһſС
ǧһۣЩȡ
ȼôͣȻҲܽħΣ츳Ǽõģټɾ͡
ǧʱ򣬰׳ҧҧٴγͶС
Сȣ·ܽһաϧЩǧͲá
ӦͨĻ˲ֺǹŵĵص˼ȻϷĺܣ׳Ʋġ
׳ǧڽڰˣһ˲˻Уһ´꣬ȴû뵱ôġ
֡ǺģΪʲôûȥ
׳˰춼ûͨһͲˣôʱһٶ¡
õԺ󣬰׳Цˣõˣõˡ
챻ȥǧɫƽͷȴǸ˵ĺܡ
飬һҪˣ
׳˷һᣬźߵǧߣЦǧղǵˣðġ
ǧڰ֣һȵ޷Ȼʤˣõ˺죬һùϲء
׳ֻеĺ͸ɽһõĹʵ̫˳ˣ˿̻ù죡
ǧˮİɣ
׳ʶǧһۣҲֲô¶ֻܽ²Уõʵڿġ
ͺúšǧļ
ʱ򡭡һҵĽŲǧһǷЩݶˣǻаһڡ
Ǽ׳˺죬ɫһһ׵ġ
ҽеİ׳Щȷʵ׳õģ
׳ʶýеĺ죬ǵģס
ǸսսСģ¶ԴҲ˼֣õģ



1236 ܣֻܣ

䣬ʶǧһۡ
ŮͬȾһģҲȻĺܣžһ׳ܴ϶ߺ죿
ǲŵģҲɡ
Щɣ׳ֻĺޱȣΪúԺõ࿴˭֪ǾȻԼڿС͵һ
׳İģĿڣֻʹǳһ˿
Ҷµġ׳̧ĿŰңĿ֮ҲżֲͰǲŵĻǧ
üͻȻ׳Щһˡ
ǿˣҲᶥˡȻǸûõϣ
ǧ棿ҿǧһ֤
ǧͷĿ˵ѣȻģ׳ӵ츳ãû滯Сһʱо͡
û˵ȥȴ˼
һоҰֶ˺졭ҧгݣֿܶܣȴû׳Ҳܵõ졣
˶ԣҰֲС£Ѿ䶨βϲҲŤתƣҺݺݵ˰׳һۣҲû뵽Ȼ
Ȼǰ׳˺죬ǾͺúŰɡֿһۣŽĿƿĸ֡
׳ͷδ˵
һת뿪
վһԵİݺͰҲ׳ķȥ
ݼ˺죬ЩƣСƽųĺܣôͻȻܶúˣ
װİɡһۣûŮ˵츳ԣ϶ǰϻˡ
һֻԼɵӣȻƭôãޣҰ֡
Ťһӣδ˵ȥ
ԺͷҲѻ𣬿ɰ˶಻ֳֻܱܿ˵ʲôȻȥ֮˵
׳ͷѾҪʲôˡ
ҷ䣬һϯ׼ظʱһСģͻȻ˹ɫҴҵġ
ڰҶ˵һ䣬ɫ䣬ȻȥɣЩҪ
䣬뿪Ĵæ
ݺͰһۣҲȥ
ת˲ֻǧ׳Щյݡ
ǧŰ뿪ıӰͻȻ뵽ʲô䴽ЦЦ
ΪѾһϯ˾ûʲô˼㶯ɽ
ɽ£ص*ǧͼ˷ǡ
ǣվԶһ̬ûҪɽ˼
ǧָָǣͻȻЦŵðǾȻʱ⣬ȥɽһ⡣
ǧȻͷ㣬绪˫
ƿ꣬ƽԴǼº˲٣ұͱһȥģȥˣܻģԾɭйһȦ˳
ǧףֽĿͶϲϣʵɭˣȤ𣿡
ϲͷȻȤģˡ
ǧ˫һǱ𣿡
ϲֱһƣȻˡöϰպˡ
ǧ䴽һЦиΪ˼֣пԭȾôȥ죬Ҳˣ
Ⱦϣɫһ̻ȣҾʹЩҰޣԺûʲô¡
վһ࣬һЦ˵ͷǣ׼ҵһҲۡ
ǧȻصͷ
һȷǺһЩ
ֶŮ˺죿ȾһȦ
ǧڰ֣ûǰ׳õˣ츳治Ҿסˡ
ȾЩ⣬ʶ׳һۣҲҾסˣ㲻˵ûĽ
ǧٺһЦٶԡ
׳ţЩߣֶ֪ˡ
Ⱦ˼ۣŽĿջء
ˮˡƿ꣬һƶ
϶ǧЦһУأ
ҡҡͷᣬ㲻ᡭ㶨Ȼʲôԭġ
ʲôǧֻѹ˵顣
ԣüһ飿
ǧЦǵģ顭׳һֱԼǲǰ׼Ѫõ˺죬ҪҵڵѪףͲ𣿡
β˰ֹ˹ǧıӣεƤ
ǧһδƤ͵Ƥ£ģ⡣
ˣȥɽ·ϣѰ˺Щҩݺ˲Ρǧѹ˫ȴͬǳҫѣϲȫժȥ
α鲻䣬ǾͲ˰ɡ
ǧ򴽽ǣͻȻһüŪۣˣղŰɫظСˣһɣЩҩݿǰµġ



1237 ңô£

һֵȫ˳ˣͻȻͦ
֣ǰḧһ£ȻƤĽȻȫ˳ˣˣùˡ
ΣáǧЦݲãֱӺһ
ḧŪ͡
ǧͷһġ
ϲּˣ̽˫󾹿Ц
ȾӰ첻ãæǳϲ֣Ա
ϲܹȥסȾȾ壬㿴׺͵ǲǺҪð
Ⱦֱסϲ֣ҲûĽз
𱲷֣ϲӦǽүүģôᣬôԣ
ԣǽдȽϺðɡ׺ȻǼõġȾһЦͬȻһؼ䶼ʧɫԱЩˣġ
ϲһСʱ£֣ˡ˵ݵкӲϲ
ȾһЦδ˵
һߣǧͷٯٯ˵ġ
ݼˣҶԣ˭Ⱦأ
ɭ
С˵Ĵ£һСС
ǧڣ϶ܷСղ߹ģ˳ĺЩء
ݺͰں棬ʱЩ⡣
һ´꣬ɿʵΪżطôΣҩݺ˲Σ϶ûµġ
Ҳһ䡣
һ˫죬ĶѾ͵ˣһ겻ʣ
ԣݺͰԭء
⴦СͦģǾѡطҩݺ˲ΣԺóȥҲ׬һȲٵĽң
ټطΣҲڣٷųϢ˵һ·ܿͨɽЩȻҲˣҩݺ˲ξȻȫûˡ
ôܣ
ݺͰԲŵģôܣ⴦طƫƧĺܣ޷ҵġ
ҲĴҡ
ǡһƬտӶֱˣͷҲڵѪôᡭֵҩݺ˲ôûˣ
Сվһ࣬ɪɪҶԡ
ݺͰҲڵ
ģʲôûˡտģһ궼ûзŹֱ޳ܰ
ô⵽˭ɵģָſյأ˵ţһŭ;ؿںۡ
һæǽŭѹȥ
һ֪˶ɫţңȥ˭
һǲ˵һ仰ˡ
̿ˮҲҶԣ±׹
˵⵽ô£ҵҩƽﶼǺúõģôһҪʱȫˣҷ䣬ĿһԵСˡ
Сŵòպգһֱˤ˵ϡ
ҰбСĵ治֪СĸЩҩ˲ˣ˭֪ƼĻ档
ʲôûˣֻһƬƬյأǸС͵޳֮Саһ䣬ȴұ¶ʲô
еŭԾδָС˵ıӣضֻбһ˫ŮЩС֪ˣǾжΣ˭Ķ֪ǾΪʲô
С˶ǰðˮһ˲ҲԴκģҪιȥһ
СĲ֪СĲ֪Сߵͷģ
һŽ߷ɣڱǰ۵ġ
СһϵѪձˡ
һ뿪۾С˺µģӦǵ治֪ҩݺ˲ȥĶŮţΧȴֻңЩμΧԵ͵ȥ˰ɣ
ΧԵˣ
۾·ץסʲôͻȻֶˣÿ궼һΧԣƽﶼû£Ϊƫƫڽꣿ˵ͨ
洽Цë֮һϸâûˣҰֵġ
ʲôæǳͣ˵òﶼǰݣɽȴǶѧԺˣǸҰ֡
ѧԺȻ͵Ұ־Ͳһˡ˳Ļ˵ȥ
ԩǧģһ뵽ԼŶʹǸͷڰ׳ϣҲ
һ̱ɫҾ֪ҰֽŲɾͺһǸ¼òģ͵ģġ
ǵҪͷ¸ˣ˳һ䡣
ָ⣬ƽһĨ⡣
ȻҪͷġߣһҪصĳͷ
ݺͰһۣԴӶԷп˵⡣
Ҳûп˵ı飬˦һӣֵǿЩȥǧС̫ˡ



1238 

ݺͰǵģ
̶뿪뿪ʱϺģż˿ǰңɫڵˡ
صΧԿʼĵطһ۱㿴˿ϵİ׳˫΢գȴ죬Ǹģҫһ㣬˿žͺܲˬ
һ˶Ӹ˼֡
Ǹܵĳע⣬׳̲ͷܿ͸ҵĿˣһ㶣΢΢һЦƵҲڴ˿˲١
ȴ˴ֻ꣬ð׳ʾȫ¶̹
ŭһۣܿ콫Ŀջء
׳ЦͷȴᶨˣһҪ֪Լ
͵İ죬ǿ˵գΧԱĵһѾˣǶ֪İ׳ϲ
ݷһۣ鲻Ը
ܵǵĲԸ׳һ´꣬˫Ҳ˼֡
֮ͣٴο׳ޱ׳ΧԱĵһھͿеĺһҪ󣬵Ҳ̫ˣ֪𣿡
׳֧ӣҾס
˵˵ɣʲô󡣡ҽϣҪʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ҲŰ׳ЩҪЩʲô
ǧ°ͣһ²·ѾȷҪʲôˡ
ģҳһЦҲͷḧŪš
ʱ򡭡׳ƣʲôһ̧ͷ˫㣬ֻһ󡣡
ɫб仯˵ʲôŹֶЩҲһЩ׳ҪˣҪһ˵ھ޷ıˡ
֪ġ׳һֵҵҪܼ򵥣ֻϣ˵棬ҵѪ׶ѡ
һ˻Ȼ
ҲǱԭأѪף
ǵڵġĳ
ҽŰ׳һ֮ɫ׳㲻Ҫ̫ҵڳǶЦǰ׼ң
׳ȴΪ⣬Ƕհ׵ģǵûʲôҡѾܹӣѾܹ˱˵Ұ֣֪ҲȨ֪
䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ݺͰڲƣЩŭɫ׳νҳ󲻵ôô£
׳Ŵ꣬ʲôô˵ȴִ֡
ǧ°ͣ²ƼּǱɫЩЦ
Դһ˲Ľ
ȾֿǸǿ˵ʵ׳Ҳ̫֣ϾڳĻǰ׼ˣ˵֤ɻûʲô԰
ұһȴûз
Ⱦ䴽˵ң׳ǱֽţǲõģΪŰ׳ǰ׼Ѫˣ³˶᲻𣿡
ҪѪ
ҿ϶׳ǸҰ֣ĵѪͷĿǴñ
£ô˰ͰţֲȲ顭ҧһ˰˿ȻˣǾɣʲôõģ׳͵뿪׼ңΣ
׳ͷ϶һĨࡣ
ǿ˵ȻظۡϾҰ⣬ЩûУۡȽȫ
һϯ˺ƺƵ׳ۡȥ
·İռˣһ
ֲǷڵģһȥ׳ʲô
ǲ²׷ף֪ܿǰ׼һһȵΧԱԲŻ֡
ΧԱǳҵĴСȡõһģ֪꣬˭
찡׳ﾹȻһɫӡ
ѵΧԱĵһ
ôôɵһˡ
ǵĿⲻͶߵֹҲ˲䴫ǵĶϡ
˫࣬ô֪Ұ־ͻȻءЩ֪ͽҰŪˣο˷۱ġ
صլۡǵҲˣ˿Ű׳ĿҲԹ
׳ʹûʲô顣
ʱ򣬰ѾԸȥ׼һˮʲôġ
ûãС˾ͽˮ˹˳㻹һС
ЩȫڷϣҶǰˮһ˲ֻ÷ޱȣҰ־Ұ֣֤Ұ֣һҪˡ
Ŵǣ
ǧٳٲ϶֣ͳߴٵҳ¸ֵѾͿЩְɣɫˡ
ҿһۣŭȴûҷֻǰˮӣѪ


1239 ׳

ţҲЩ뵽ڵĶҲֻܱƽģŪãЩȥϢ
˿óһ
δһѪҺˮ֮У޵ġ
ʱ򣬰׳Ҳֱͦǰ̿ˮһ˲ҲЩš
Щ֡Ҷߴһ
׳ӦһٽԼָƣѪʱ򣬲δղŵѪҺںһ𣬶ܷɢζ
龰Ȼɴ˫ɫǳ
֪׳֪ԼĶӣ֤ݾǰɲš
ҧгݣ޲ý׳ɱ
׳Ҳˮеĳ鲻Щͣԭ˵ľȻġȫȻһϷģ׳治ǰ׼Ѫֹ˵˼䡣
죬׳治ǰ׼ѪսҰʲôģûа׽а
ǣһ¼ҲţֱǶǰ׼ҵ档
ݺͰЩҲסǺݺݵ˰׳һۣ׳㿪ˣŪ˾֪ǳ氡
׳һ仰Ҳû˵
ǰһһӡ
ǧǰ̽˫ָסˣЦЦСɱļҾô¶ȻЩΡ
ͦǧסԼ˲ӣ˶ˣʲôΰѪˣѪҺҲûںһ˵׳ǰ׼Ѫ
۾ģһġǧ˻ָ⣬ЦøĪ⣬ŵһЩζһˮ˶ֽˡ
һȫĬ
ˮȻᱻֽţ
׳ֲʲôݼߵˣΪҪֽţ
ҲĲţšüɻӣһˮᱻ˶ֽţɲҪ԰
ǧЦôأ׳ңϸˮɡ
ҳһֽۣĿͶȾϣܿ뵽Ⱦݣ뵽ǴƷǲõ
Ϳɡ򴽣Щ鲻Ը
ǧȹ߹ȥ߲ܵˡ
һԺǧ֣Σһ£ˮǱ˼˶ˡ
ηǰƮҡѩ
ǿһۣ֪ˮģȷ˼˶Ƕһ룬ӣѪҲںһ𡣡
ǧüĶ
һһģ֪òš
ѵˮǱ˶
ǲӦð˭ݺһܳأ
ʵ벻ףԴҲκġ
ݺͰһۣݺܿˣŮӲҪ˵˻ݺһܳӣ
ɣǧһһǣûк˵ֻʵʵ˵ѣҼҷͨҽȻῴģǲţҸͨҽĹƱɡ
ҸȥҽߣȴһԵȾϣ˫ֻأһǣ׳㾹ɷδʦĻҿ̫ˣһɫûС
һס
ʦ
ȸ½Ĵʦ
Ǹ
С˷μۣȷǷ
ޱ飬ȴ˱ѹ֣һǿߵϢ˲ֱӡ
ûɣܿ˷Ǵʦʵ
ضȸ½Զ׻½ҲԶʦȻطûһϳڴʦǰࡣ
ʵǶˡվһɪɪ֪˵Щʲô֮ʦ٣Ҿ֪ʵﰡ
οһۣ˵
ŵúˮֱĿɢ
ݺͰҲŻˣ⾹ȻǴ˵еĴʦ
ǸﰡȻǳˡ
ǰŵöϢˣ뵽ƽշһУͺ޲ðԼУԴ˽ԼĴڸС
ָ⣬·ιһֱͷ
£һ㶯ûУ׳̧ͷͼζûһۣ·˿
һ´꣬Щ΢ȴֲ˵Щʲô
һպյģǧֶٻ׳㲻Ҫȥҽôȥˣ
һһҲŴ԰˫յȻʦ˵ˮﱻ˶ǾͿ϶Ǽ˶ˣǽҽҲı䲻ʲô
תͷͱ˷ε֧ߣһģ
ǧ˲Ц΢΢䶯ȴҲû˵Щʲô
̿ˮСʵԣʦʾˮͷױʲôôѪ⸱ģأ
δϵĺ΢΢Ʈ𣬡һֽгɴʣһ룬ӹϵѪҺҲΪһ塣



1240 ǰһʲô

ǧ󣬰棬Ƭطʲôа
Ҳ˾˭ˮЩ
β
ǧҿһۣЦЦ׳ûеʲô˰ôеأȻ׳۰ĺӣΪλˮЩǸˣʲô𣿡
ΰ׳ݣ
Ŀģֻʲôأ
ǧسҿһֽۣĿͶ׳ϡ
˵ʵǻͦģ˵Ǹӣ治šǸҲ񣬻ĺӡ
һ۾ͷҲЩɻ
һֱΪҰֵĺӣʲô˼ɵĶ
׳Ҳһԣǲǰ׼ҵĺӣ
Σҽüͷʲô
ǧҡҡͷܹǰ׼ҵ¶һô֪
򴽣˲Ĭ
ݳ˳°ڣ˵α˾ᣬڹˮʱ򣬲СմȾ˳ɴأ
Ҳ
ȴƿ꣬ᣬɴΪѵãմȾϵġ
˵Щʲôȴ뵽εŴ꣬ǲ˵Щʲô
˵϶ӽȥġǧ۾һɫ׳㻹ǿЩԸȥɣһʲôıأ
æԸȥܿ˽ˮСѺ˹
СͨڵϣҪСİСĲ֪ˮ汻˼ʲô
üĿ㵱治֪
С˿ɥС治֪Сľһˣ˵ѡ
Ҷüͷݺһ塣
С˹ڵϣɪɪҲҶԡ
һʱ䲻֪Σһ䣬ˮʱ򣬻ûб˽Ӵˮ裬㲻עʱˮ³ɴ
С˺۾ϸ룬Ƭȴ񣬡Сڹˮʱ߲˰Ҳû˭ܹ³ɴΪˮֻСġ
˵С˵֣ͻȻʶԼġСûзųɴҪСİС˿޺۾ֽҵĿŹܱסˡ
һŽС߿ŭ˵˵ֶţĵĺܡ
С̿ˮҲҶˡ
ҿСһۣҲûö϶ɳ⵵µġ
ɳֻ˭أ
лĿĲˣ
뵽˴ҵЩҡҡ׹ˡ
׳ҾҪģŪ׳ѪǧͻȻڣղŵĵѪʧˣ׳ٽеڶ𣿡
ʶ׳һۡ
׳ŲӣŰҲţҲżּС
֪ر롭ʵҲģƿǧ˵òҪģȷӦýŪ
䣬ǲСȥŪһЩˮ
Ͳˣˮзɴ
ǧȴú棬ξ׼ȥල׳ȥල϶ܱ֤ˮǸɸɾûʵġ
ҶȻ
дʦʲô
ûãǧͷξͻˣлһˮ
׳ˮûʵģǿ԰ˡǧЦ˵һ䡣
ֻðޱȡ
ӽָͷƣֻáδһһѪˮ֮С
׳ˣҲٽָͷ
Ѫʱ򣬰ţ´Щʲô
ʱ򡭡ѪȻΪһ壬˴˲֣
ҼˣȻɴԼ۾׳ԼĶӣ
˶ʮҰְ˫һ˲ޱȣЩ԰׳ˡ
׳龰ҲǱסˣȻǰ׼ѪԶǣ׼ЩǶüԣÿÿҰ֣ȭߡû·ûкóԵȷˡ
ѾԼǰ׼˵ʵȴľǰ׼ˣôǰܵһоʲô
׳ҧһƬӡ
ҿ׳䶯һ£һֹģ
ǧǰȤһĻǲ˼֣׳û뵽׳ǰ׼ѪǰίˣǼȻˣǲӦòһ£
ȻҪġ˳Ļȥ
ɵ԰׳ʱЩͱŤôˣȻԼĶӣȻǱŤͷͦ˵ġ
Ͼûбñ
׳ģȻᲹġҿ׳ѵ¶˺ҲЦ⡣
׳ЦһʱЩӦ



1241 ׳

ôˣһֱüԵģѾϰˣ䲻չ¶ЦգʵЩܲˡ
㶵ͷȴʲôû˵
Ҳδ⣬ʮָˡ
ʱݺͰһۣ˵ɫЩѿ
û뵽׳Ȼǰ׼ҵѪ򴽣
һǰպļҲҲҪȥһˡ
ɫѿҲ٣Ҫȥ׳Ǹɷǣ
ҧ
һӣ׼ҵ˸̥ɫ졣
ǧǵı龡۵ףһʱֻȤǳ
׳õ㿴׳֡
׳һ£Ż߽
´ۣΪԼѪԵϵԽǿԽ˳ۡ
ǧ˫ֻأЦͬԵķΣ˵Σ׳Ȼǰ׼ҵĺӣ˵˭µĳɴأĿľð׳ԶҰֵݻţ
δƿܣ׳Ĵڶвɡ
в
ǧ˫׼ҲͰ׳Ͱӣɰǵճӣ׳ʲôвأ
ҡҡͷ
ǧҧҧֻ¶鷳ĺܣҲͲȥˡ
˲ˣǰ׼ҵ¡ǧһ
ʱ򣬷ͻȻܵɽһСӰ͵ǡʱǧҲоˣ˫һ
Ȼй˦˦ӣǶڼɽ͵СӰֱӱ˦˳
ͨһֱ˵ڵأϥ׹ʱ۵ѳݡ
ͻȻ˳֣һ
˭ôͻȻˣ
ǧֶ˭ΪҪڼɽ͵
һҲ俴ǰˣ³ɴˣ㵽Ǻˣ͵ʲô
ʱ򡭡˻̧ſƤӳС
Ҽˣüͷ̣ô㲻Ӧڲиɻ𣿡
ɫ糣ֱֱ˰ҵĿ⣬˵ҪѪףº棬
һͷûɡ
ڰ׼ѾʮˣΪڿҿң㻳ˣҲỳɰ̵ġ
̰һֱΪ׳ҵĺӣɾڸղţѾȷ׳ҵ׶ˡЦţ洺硣
ϲӣϲûκλϲ֮ɫ
ߣź룬ЦøΪá
̲ɫüͷĿЩ䵭
ǧһۣǼʲôȤĶһ˫Ȼа̵ǲ򵥰¶ı顣
˵ģԼΪ׶ӣӦø
뵽ղŰ̶͵ģǧ΢˼֣ҪѪ׾ˣα͵͵͵أ
ǧɫش˰̼ۣԽԽܲˬ
а̵ģ⣡
Ͼǵļ£Ҳֻǿ˼ۣܿͽĿ˻ȥ
ڴ˴վһصȥ뵽лЩû꣬Ȼȥˡ
Цŵͷȥɡ
ת뿪һߣҲø˼֡
ǧ뿪ıӰʼû˵һ仰
£ѪѾˮмɴ˻δҵһ´꣬еЩСǷ
һ뵽ԼĶӣû㿪
׳˰᷿ʰͰȥסɡͻȻôһ˵
׳һȻסˣ᷿ڰݵĶ᷿ǰӲܹס᷿ɽգȻܹסȥˡ
̿ˮЩģͷҲӵĺܡ
л
Ц˭ҰҵĶء
׳һǣȴʼЦΪԼܸˣôҲ˲
ܾЩҡ
᷿һֱŵģôð׳סȥ˰ЩɫˣŮһֱҪס᷿ϡ
ҿһۣЩ˵ס᷿Ҳͦ𣿡
ҧֱţֻĿһۣҲˡ
ʱݼ׳ǰ׼ˣֹ
죬û뵽׳Ȼǰ׼Ѫ
ǰ۸׳ڣ᲻ǰ
һݻһ¼ˡ
ӭȥ׳˵˲ٺû
׳ǴӵţһʱЩӦ
Ҳ֪˶ãЩɢȥҲ뿪ˡ
ǧ׳̧Ҫ뿪Ͻסˣ׳һ¡
׳ЩãȻĲͷǧôͻȻסˡ
ǧʲô𣿡׳һ䣬ɫȫǺ档



1242 

ǧŷǰһ׳Ǹа̵ģ˽٣
̣
Ǹղ͵Ǹˡ׳ϸһ뵽ݿľһӣСҾð̸ҵӡǹŹ֡ڰ׼ѾʮˣһֱڿҿңҲʵÿμʱܾЩĻŻţҵĿ̫ˣͷ·Ǳ߶һ
˵˴׳˴۰ֵԣҺȥ񷿣Һ°̵ġ
ǧ󣬲ϸϸ
̿Ĳ׳Ϊʲôأ
׳΢Ƭֺ̣Ȼ˵Ҽǵã̺رϲݣÿкóԺģ
ǧüͷһ
ô˵ݺͰЩϵġ׳ͻȻ̵ʱ򣬲һ䣬ǧΪͻȻ̵飿
ǧЦҡҡͷͻȻúѡ
׳Ӧһǧûʲôˣת뿪
һ뿪ǧ˫
ϸŪţڻɰ𣿡
ǧ󣬲ͷҾð˰ɣЩ֣ڼɽ͵϶ʲô飬ټߵýоûôˡ
ȴûзȥ룬ϾǱ˵ļ¡
ǧҲƺ뵽һ㣬ʼǱ˵ļ£ôȥҲòʲôôңЩӾҪѧԺˣʣ¼Ҳôơ
䴽һЦٴǧͷ
ǧЦһ˫۾Ŀˮ
ʱȾ˼־ѾЩȱȱ
Ⱦ˰˫֣˵췢˺ö飬ۣǾȻȥϢˡ
ǧЦŵͷδ
һߣ˴ʣǧһˡ
ϲҧָ⣬뵽ղŵһĻ˵ףǸ׳ǰ׼ҵѪôôҰ֣ǳģ
ǧ󣬵˵ͷȷʵЩҲǿྡˡ
ϲʶͷɹһֵɻǺÿôˣܺ͵ˡ
ǧ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ȷˣѾʮˣ͹ͣڽᣬɸһڵġ
ϾЩҶãңҪ
ϾǱ˼ҵ£ͲҪȥˡǧЦŶԷϲ˵һ䡣
ϲ󣬲ͷףˡ
ǧЦһ˲⻪ġ
ڶա
׳ǰ׼Ѫ飬Ѿǳˣֻһϣаն֪˰׳ʵݣԺҲɰ׳ݣ˵Ұˡ
׷ˣ
һϷԵת䣬Ҳð겻ѡ
ǰ˵׳ǰ׼Ѫôһϣͱˣ
˵׳õһóѪףһ飬ǰ׼ѪǰЩҲͲˡ
ǰ׳ģᱻ𣿡
죡Ҳġ
ôˡ
һǷ׷׿һ±׳
ס᷿еİ׳ȴ֪ǵĺ£һ˯ṳ́ʵ᷿кܻҲůǰưӺ̫̫ˡ
ٲ©磬ʱ©ˮʱ򣬻˽ӣϺõĲϣƽ϶ûôģ˿̣ӾǴϡ
ͺһ׳ϵĽۣϽ۵˲һģ˲١
ǰһˣȴ־ò̤ʵͷͦҵġ׳ᳶһϵĽִۣʹд˽һüͷһִʹкܿʧˡ
ͷ·һִҲˡ
֡ǧٴμ׳ʱ򣬾;ð׳ɫЩѿ۵׻ЩڣһתЦŵ٩᷿˯òôˣ
Ҳ̧׳һۣ漴ջĿ⡣
ǵ׳̿ǣлǧģ˯ͦãµҲ֪ôˣղͻȻЩۣ˰ɡ
ǧ󣬲üͷ
۰
ҽ߿𣿡ǧһ䡣
׳ҡҡͷֻǴ۶ѣڶûʲôоˡ
ΪôС¾ʵ̫ˡ
ǰ˺ʲôĶģֻҪȥͺˡ
֪׳ʲôǧЦһ£ֵúñذɣЩӾҪȥѧԺˣҪʥ彡֪𣿡
׳æͷǧģ֪ġ
䣬׳뿪



1243 Ѫ

·ǧߵʱֻáһ죬һϸϸĶ˵ϡ
Ƕڵϣʱɢĺ⣬ǧ벻עⶼѡ
׳һߣǧϵĶ
һö룬ɫģ͸⣬Ķ˷·Ⱦһ˿Ѫա
Σ㿴ö롣ǧƺҪĸһЩ
̧е룬һöܼ룬򵥡
ǧ룬ϸϸţûпĻöǴӰ׳·ģ׳ģҲ֪·롣
󣬲˵ͷöܲͬǲϣǴʳѪ
ǧ󣬲һ
ʳѪ
ֲöĶ˻һѪգЩѪǰ׳ģö붼ѾʼѪˡ׳治֪ĴڣȻͲѪˡѪһʳɾ˾Ͳܻˣ׳ӵ
οһۣ˵ʧϸûУרƳģȻܳ
ǧ룬ֻˣصƳ׳ģ
򴽲
ǧöãֱӶ˿ռУǼ˳ɴˮѪ룬˵ǲϣ׳кӹ
Ҳһüͷ˻ͦµġ
Ҳֻ˭ȻһֱҰ׳Ҫ׳ǿ¡ǧ˱첲ΣʱµĶ
ͷȾŵЦ⣬Ҫ롣
ЦڣǧʶͷΣð׳·ûѪˣ
˼Ƭ̣ӦǻеģһƳþˣҪ׳ŶЩġ
ǧüͷ壬ЩôҲȾеѧҪҪһ䣿
λҡͷɣݾߡ
ǧ̳οȥ룬߳
εͷɴżЦ⣬˼׳ԽԽͻ֪ԼļıѾɹ˶עʱȡأС
û֤ݡǧȭͷһ䡣
ԣҪľǾȴνֵڴ䣬еЦÿ
ֻǿһۣǧ;ͷͣͦϲָоġ
ˡǧƳͷ˵һ䡣
η˷䣬ƿǵ׼Щҩð׳£޴Ī涪
ǧصͷףð׳ķµġ
ǣǧ֣һϯұĴ߰ɡ
ǧͷС÷ǳð
ʱʯСϾˣϲֻ˯ء
Ҳرϲֵദʱ⣬ǧʱʱεƣһ˫۾ʢâҹеǳ
һ˾Ȼߵ˲񷿸
ЩģǶɻСϣǸɻ
ľûκα飬˫Ҳžһ㣬˿
ǧ̿һۡ
ӦһӾͺǧĿˣǿһֺۣܿ콫Ŀ˻ȥʼնϣûҪ˼
ǧҲ㿴һۣͽĿջء
̣ȻЩŹ֡ȻǸˣܸоͱ˲ͬլۡˣЩ˾Ȼûһ˿ӣ򶨷ǳ·Ҳһ
ǧЩ˼ǲᳶ
뿪ԺǧɶԷ˵ΣЩһ㰡һˣ˿ûеӣͺҲһ
Ҳĸоͷ
ǧЦЦֵЩ룬᲻Ͱйأ
δ˫˵йϵģϹˣȻ֪ġ
ǧһٴЦ˵û
˫á
˼ڶʯСϹţûһӭİ
Ժ˫˼֣ͻȻ뵽εݣҧҧеɫҲ֡
ͷ߾ȴ뵽ʲôһȻͷ̧Щĵʦ
δһ̧š
ǧһۣҲδͣ¡
Щæǰ˵ʦлҪ˵ǹǧġ
ǧ֣Ŵʩ˰һ񣬡˵ʲô



1244 Ҽ

ǧЦЦؿŰЩ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
ĿԺҲûκκ֮飬ƿָ꣬ʦһҪΪǧ¶ҩˣ
޿䣬ۿģر
ǧˣһۣ֪϶˵ʲô¶
βɫؿǧһۣЩ⣬ǲ֪˾ȻˣͻȻˣȻǰԼİɡ
β˵ɿ޿ģӣίͰ͵ʦǧʵ̫ɶˣµĶʵ̫ǿֻҪһؿھͻۣ·Ҫѿһһ˺ЩҽʦԾ޷ҿҪⶾŪˣʦһҪΪ
޵滨꣬Ϊܹεϧ֮顣
û뵽ڷУ͸·ߵʯͷһûʲô
ҼǲԵ޹ʸ¶ġδ˵һ䣬Ȼʲôʮ£Ż㡣
û뵽λ˵Ȼɴ˫ŷοš
ֻܵ͸һ⣬ǴŻһҵĺҲ޷͸ɢɾ
䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ䱻ŵҲ˵ˡ
˦䣬Ǵһ״С㲻ȥҼһˣϵĶأ
ԣɫЩѿȥǧ
ǰɭѾ˰ǧͲϷŹԼǧῴϷŹԼ˭룬ξȻǻ̵ġ
ȫûκ𱸵˼뵽˴ֻޱȣĶ޷ˣ
ɫòͣǧЦ˵һ䣬ҶѾ˵ˣֻҪ㲻ɱģЩͲΣģʲôأ
ҡǧĿ⣬֪˵Щʲô
ǧ䴽һЦֵѲɣ״СҪʲô˵˼ˣ
Ȼɴ˫ͣҡͷ˵ﻹʲô˵˼
ǧٴ䴽ЦڰĹ⣬ǲ͵ˣûк˵˼ΪҪⶾ
ҡµò֪˵Щʲôˡ
ˣҲˡǧЦļ򣬵ұֻ֤Ҫⶾ϶˵ġ
䣬ŷת뿪ֻ°վԭأ¶ᡣ
ǵӰȫʧö˶ţ֪Ǻˡ
ⶾԶ޷𡭡Զ˰Ժ󣬷β˫ĺī
ʲôʣЩࡣ
ǧ洽Цյ˵һ顣
󣬷ɫ˫ͬһ̶ȫУȻ飬ι¶ҩҲȡġ
ǰǧȭͬ飬ǾȡģԺһЩҲι¶ҩġ
ֱЦҲֶֻҩѣûҪҼĽ
ǧգգ۾˼ۡ
ãθһı仵ˡı仵ˡǧţƽӣҸ¶Ӧˣ㾹Ȼ˵ʦǱҴˡ
貵˫Ҵǰӡһţǿ˵ġ
ǧʼ磬ЦҾȻô
ЦȴȫӰ
ǧסεʵĻ͸ˣ㻹ϲ𣿡
Ȼϲġ֣ͬḧŪţֻҪ㣬ұϲġ
ǧͷ˼֣ҼҴʦͿҲϲ㰡
ЦǼš
ָܵϵȶȣǧЦĸӿģȫ֮ɫλε򣬡ΣȰѺڰ᳹ԺһȥҸɾӣô
ԣкƶһĨӣ
ͦģ
ãڰԺǾȥӣһɽˮĺõطƿ꣬ȴ˼ãӦǺȥӵġ
ܵãǧͷҲܸˣֲŷεָ⣬ȫλεЦ⣬ԣҪϽȵʮ׵ƿҾܳΪʥħʦˡ
ҪϣҪ̫ˡ
ǧЦŵͷȴǵ֪ģʮϿ̫ˣȫûҪ׵ĸоЩĻŻŵġ
޷ԴЦԽļԽǲУҪƽģͳأ



1245 ͷȥ

ǧɲУ·ʲôƵģ˫ˣЩЩĻţһֱͣͲǰĻҵ÷ܳɹˡ
éٿο
ǧץŷεӣЦŵΣǻȥھȥռ
򣬺ϾҪƿƵġ
οļУҲͷͬˡ
˿ٻصУʱϲֻûѣ˯þ͸Сһ
ǧһЦȴǰϲҴҴӣһ֮ŷν붼˿ռڡ
һȥǧӿҲǧȫë׶̹ˡ
ǧŷε֣뵽˱֮С
һΣвһö壬һöѪɫ壬һرϤ
ǰǧѪ塣
ҽղŷ֣ҵöѪ壬Ǳڱˡһ䣬ĸ
ǧͷ˷һۣһƬÿǳǰöѪܽŴ򿪣ȻĻҲҪˡ
ṴǣһӾ뵽ǰǧĳ
ΪǿѪģĿıΪ˽򿪣ʵ˼Ľ
֣ḧŪǧ˵㵱ĽӽֻΪѪ𣿡
ǧһתЦøϲȻˣѪһΪ˴ʦգֻһۣҾͱסˣԣŻмӰ
䴽һЦȴ˵
ǧʼ磬εֵǰ¶ǲҪˣؼĻڣǿЩȥɡ
ο硣
˳¥ȥǧ㿪ʼˡ
οһۣҲʼ
ǧ뵽εĻ㿪ʼûǰ㼱ˡ
ֻһǧ͸оЧպöˣеӿڣȫˬ
ЩƯĺɫԪأɫԪһֱǧƯţʤա
ǧ۾ͻȻ֮ԺͻȻӿһƯͼͼиֹâģɫģȫһ𣬾ǱջҪҫۼ֡
Ưͼ֮Уģͼе⾹ȻĳӿȻ󣬹âƯȻ֮䣬ҵʲôյֱӽ뵽ڡ
ǧëһʱ򡭡һɹɸΪǿӿڣһ˲ëչϽɣ
ĸоƽûеģ
ɽģǧͻȻЩģӿʵ̫ˣ޷һһգղ˵Ļ屬Ѷġ
뵽˴ǧ۾ˡ
ʱԺеͼɢƯƯâҲȫˡ
ǧԼָ⣬Щź̾һ
ȷˣƫƫӲӦԺȻղֻʱ˳
ǧΪźͣ̾
ηʱ򣬿ı̾ģôˣΪڲͣ̾
Ƿιˣǧһ´꣬ЩίҾЩİҸղˣɰӲ޷ӿȫգֻ˳ˡ
ǰָ⣬ģҪ
ǧЩģܿƽôôõİĻԺͷĲľûˡ
ι˹Сӣ˵
ǧȥ§סεĲӣЦΣˣ
ɡһ٣ֵֻҵ*͸ߣ񣬽Ҳܻ
ǧ󣬲ļ򣬵ΰѾͦˣҪǧҪ̫ߣȻһ̲סҪġ
Цй⻪
ǧͷֻȫЩůůġ
ٴŷεģҾҾˣΣ𣿡
šνë
ǧ䴽һЦģˡ
η˷䣬վ
ǧվ࣬ɹůůЦ⡣
ʱ򡭡ͻȻܽ˱УԼצӣӴǾͱˣˣ׺͵ء
ԣǧ̴Žűߵãˣ
Ȼˡһƭʲô
ǧ󣬱ͷǾͳȥɡ
ӿռʱ򣬻濴ϲѾˣſֻͷϣ۾ãȻؿܣƺ׺͵Ϊβء
˳Ժ˫ʱһ̴ӴǧУʵףȥĶˣʱҲǣ



1246 

ǧЦŽ׺͵ʱ仹磬ȥռ䱦ˣʱ㻹˯ţûİѡ
ϲ۾СӦ
˿˫ˮģżֳʱã۷۵СҲʵ̫ˡ
ǧһۣͱȻұ̫ɰˣһɰ
ף𣿡ϲŤͷеãȻȥ˴룬ȴɿɰĽ
ǧԴҡҡͷײûнףӦþܽ˰ɡ
ϲһ˫ٴ˼֣׺
ԼҶôţǧϲ̵ģҲ˼֣ȵʥˣͻøʱܰѻ˴ſ¡
ϲٴ֣˫ǳƲĿ⡣
һڷУ
ͻȻҵ˵ȥһˣҲ֪ʲô¶ӿȥͦġ
ǧͷζһۣ˵Ҳ֪ôˣͻȻǹȥղС˵ģͦ࣬¶εĺܡ
ƿ̫꣬⣬ȥ֪ˡ
ԣǧȹӣվǾȥɡ
ʱǧִڵЩѹ࣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ǧ˷ȹڣˡ
αŷϲҲ¡
һǹæ䴽ЦЦ֪˷εݣЦЩģʦ˯ÿɻã
οһۣ˵ͦõġ
һЦøˣǾͺãǾͺá
ǧһۣܿȥ㿴ȾҲˣƷ裬һȻԵõģ
ǧĿջأֿλϵİңʵ֪׳ͻȻǹν°
ʵҴ˴ƣſڵΧԱǰ׼ҶʧһЩͻȻ뵽ǧͦ絽ɽġ
ǧ˫һᣬеĲ豭Ҳõϣ׳˼ҽǰ׼ҵĶ͵ˣ
ұһ
һǧ˽еһЩѡ
ϾǵһɽģӦû֪һЩɡҲǸ˼æڰ֣ģЩУҾţǧǵһɽģӦû֪һЩɡ
ǧӹµһתʱҲ˵ʲôҲ³ˡ
ȻЩʧҩݺ˲ΣȻǺءǧָ⣬װ֪֪׳ʧʲôǲ˵ĻҲЩãȻ
ҲмֵǣСֲҩݺ˲εϢûдҲֻŮ֪Ҫô˵ʵЩ
ЩΪѣǧ̾һ׳ǾΪѵĻԲ˵ġ
΢Ƭ̣ſ˵ʵҲûʲôΪѲΪѵģǣɭеһСֲһЩҩݺ˲ΣգЩҪˣҹȥʱЩȻȫˡ
䣬ҵɫЩѿ
ˣǧüͷȫˣ
ǰ̾ɫҰֽ
ǧŪϵĲյǾˡ˵׳Ӧ˲ҩݺ˲ΰɣôͻȻˣ
ҽϵĲյŭɫȻȻЩ˳ȥСϣȻ͵͵ҩݺ˲ժŵָռоͲ˷ˡ
ǧ󣬾ûͦе˵ͷ׳˵ûͦеȻǵһɽģδʲô֮ˣҲûпνҩݺ˲Ρ
΢΢һ٣Цһ䣬ðһ䣬Щҩݺ˲ξСϣûƼ
ҵɫΪ˼֣һʱĲ뽫ҩݺ˲εֲ˵ƫͲסǧѯʵģǲ˵һƻᱻ˵ġ
εСӲͷƤ˵һ䡣
ǧգգ۾ɾ̾һԭСģȥɽʱҲƼˣ·εĺܣŻʲôΣգ˭û¶ȥأ
󣬾Ҳмֵ
ǰ
ôεС˭û»ȥأ
ǧüһϳβǰĳЩ֪Сڵˣҽ뽫ҩݺ˲θ͵ˡ
ԣҲһ
ֻаݺͰ֪ˡ
ˣЩչҩݺ˲εСˣЩСĺܣû°ĿռָԣɵľֻаݺͰˡ
ǶĺӣƷֵȥ͵ҩݺ˲أ
ҧһʱֻԴκģ֪˼ˡ



1247 ҪŮ

ݺͰҲʶǧһۣɫЩѿ
⻰ʲô˼
ʲôĳЩ֪Сڵˡô˵뽫޻
ҧгݣһ뵽ǧڼԼͷˣǧʲô˼޻ҺͰ𣿡
ǧЩãȻգգ۾˵ʲôֻ˵֪Сܵп⣬ʼնûָհɣ
˫Ǻ죬ؿڵʹŭ֪Сܵ˲࣬ҺͰö֪㲻˵ǣ˵˭
ǧŴǣЩȵ˵ڲ֪ЩǶԲסˡ
޹ҧгݵģˣƻᱻ˵飬ָ⣬ҲֻܽѹȥҲ˵һ仰
СҲֻڿ͹۷ѡǧĦϵĲ豭ϵȴݵָϣҲ۾룬СҲ֪˭͵ҩݺ˲ΰɣ
ߣȻˣǿǰ׼ҵĶ͵ߡ
ǧһڲˮЦݽ԰״СɻǵãΧԱзʲôСϵϢ͸¶𣿡
΢٣ϸϸ
ǧֽĿͶϣЦݹӣҲúûһ°ɡ
Ŵ꣬ɫЩѿû͸¶κء
˵ЩԺǧţʱʱĦŲ豭ģС
࣬У䴽ЦЦ
Զ֪͵ҩݺ˲εˣǰصĺ
ʱݺͰŬ룬ãȴû뵽ʲôüͷЩա
ΧԱҲûʲôҸûнСϵ͸¶κˡƿ꣬ȿڵ
ҲʾҲǣδЩ͸¶ˡ
ǧԴҲɻ󣬡ǿɾˡ·ôΣܲͻȻȥ͵İɣ
ܵġҡͷһȫŵӣСһЩأһ˿϶ȥֻϤص˲ܽ룬ҰȻ߳
ǧЩȵգգ۾Ȼл
ʱȫûڽôߣûдЩذɡ
֪Ҳͦ˼ġȻлذǧĦŴ꣬ЦеǶȻϤصˣɡ
һݺͰһ
Ůͷˣ
ǧɲЩʲôŤͷҿһۣЦʵ׳ôأ
ҽһʱ侹ĻеСôΣлأϤһеģȻǲɹġ
Щɰ׳ɰ׳֪СĴڣƳЩأôܺ˵ؽ
žǰݻ߰İɡŤͷˣ˸ŸӵĹâ
˲Ͷͷݵɴ˫ըë㿴ŶʲôʲôûУοҪȥ͵Щҩݺ˲أ
ٴü
ѽ
ǵճƽȱοҪȥ͵ֶ
еǴŤͷ˰ڷѧԺѧϰǲǱʲô˽̻ˣҩݺ˲ξͿЩɣǲġ
ԣͷһЩŵ˵ʲôҿǰ׼ҵĴС㣬Щ飬ǧҪ˸ˡ
ƺ˼ĿŶȡ
Ҫˣûȥ͵СûȥҪŮ
ɲ㣬ֻ˭üԣȫ˵ǲġ
ûСÿҪˣۿľһ
ǧˣ΢΢̧°ͣЦ׳黹δ֮ǰȱԩԼˣƣ״С۾ˣÿģ
һ٣ҲĻͦеǧͻˡ
ǧ䴽ЦЦҲ˵ˡ
Ϊһˮֽһ𻨸ιУȱˮЩɡ
ǧҧסÿˣͷˮȵ
ǧУҧһĿҲżɫƾʲôܵõ˵ŴȴҪ׻ɣ
ʵ˫ֺ˼֡
Ҳǵ̫ͻˣҲǧֵǲһۣ֮ҲһЩ⡣
ܷͦŭģԼҵڵǸеŭɫҲȥ˼֡



1248 С

ӣŮûй㣬ŮҲ֪Щҩݺ˲ΣŮû͵飬㶨ҪŮ
ͷһҿ˵㡣
һ˫˼֣Ҿ֪Ůġ
Ӧһȴɳ档
ˣæǳȰοҲģֻҪʱԣǶܲ˭͵ҩݺ˲ΣʱٽЩûͳˡ
ҧ䲻ԡ
˵˼䣬ʶȤز˵ˡ
һ¿һۣͷǸӰ׳ţϵĲˮǴδȹɣϾ¶һı飬ʵڶĺܡ
һתŰ˵׳Ҳǲʱǧһͬɽ֪·ûʶʲôر״
Ȼ׳
׳ںȲ裬ӴҵĿԺŵ̽豭ŵ
׳ɽʱзʲô쳣ĵط𣿡ҽŰ׳ƺǲŹϵκα顣
׳ϸһЩҪҪڡ
˵üͷ
׳һǻȥһ㣬ϵȷһֵ顣
Ǻ£ҵɴ˫Щż
׳򴽽ǣСڸɽϵʱ򣬾Ȼһֻ˽ħϮˣֻ˽ħ׶һֱ׷ŶӲţҪӵ
˽ħޣ
һɫֱ䡣
׳ؿڣµ˵Ҫǧ־ңֻҲˡֻ˽ħ޵ĳʵΣ˵᲻˹⽫˽ħ޴Ҫǰ׼ҵɱȻ󣬶ҩݺ˲أ
ôܡЩҵ˵
׳ҧҧеĺºͼɵŨǣֻ˽ħ޵ĳʵΰһҪ£
˵
ô飿
ֻ˽ħԼųġ֪ˣҲڸġ
һҪġҰڰ֣̾Ϣһҩ˲εһɡ
׳սȭͷ߿ǲ鵽֣ҪϼӳΡ
ƤЦⲻЦģӦһ䡣
Ҳҩݺ˲εˣһ˵ʲôµأ
ˡǧ豭£ʶ׳һۡ
СӵҲĺܡ
֪ħõģȴͻȻἰ£ħ޵ҩ˲ε鳶˹ϵðҲòֹͣЩ⡣
Ҳܸȷֻħǰҷŵġ
ǧеЦ¸Ũ
׳иӦԲͷǧһۡ
ǧӣĿ⵭Ȼ
׳һᣬٽĿ˻ȥҲҿˡ
ǧִ𻨸⣬ٴſҧ£һ˲Ŵζڿǻӣһ˿Ĺ㣬Ƣ
׳㻹ʲô𣿡Ե𻨸Ժǧĵϵм̧ң˶ڣһ˰ɡ
뵽ֻ˽׵ħޣһ顣
ǲ֪׳ܹǧȵġ
ǴʦӣССĳܹģ
æҡҡͷǧѾûˣҩݺ˲ε飬Ҳģ˾ȻȥϢɡ
ǧ·վǾȻȥϢˣ׳ҵ͵֮˵Ļ˵һҵҪ˭ôӣ
˵ЩʱǧڳһȻӡ
һûסЦ
ЦʱÿǳضЩʧɫˡ
ǧ΢΢һ٣뵽ΪηЦʱǧһͱͱĸ첲Цǻỳɵͷϵġ
ġƿ꣬еЦ⻹δȥ
ǧһۣת뿪
뿪ʱ򣬷һѱס˻ڳԶķϲ֣һھôʧС
뿪ıӰ֪Ϊΰ۾һ
ҩݺ˲ʲôģǲҪٲȥˡһָоٲȥʱԸҲġ
Ⱦ¼Ѿ뿪Ҳվǣ׳ҲȻطȥˡ
Ұڰ֣ܸоЩۡ
վһ࣬Щʵҩݺ˲ε黹ҪҪŮæ
һԸͣԲܷŹ͵֮ˡ
ˡҰڰ֣һƣܾٲȥĻǣҩݺ˲οԼ֣׼ҵѪɢ
ݺͰһۣ˵ЩʲôͱҴϡ
ʹΪֹɣȥЩҩ˲磬µȵ켴ɡ



1249 

ݺͰʼվЩģͿҪճˣʱ׬ٽң񹦿һ˵װױˡ
ôأ˫Ǻ죬ǶҪǸ͵֮ҳǰ׼ҵڣ
ͱ顣Ҫ׼ҵǰ׼ҵİҵ
ȻǶҪˡ
Цһ޴Ļôõ飬ٸҲ飬Ҿʹȡ
һŵֱ¡
ʵû뵽˵Ļħһ
ֳ˳°ڣ̷ŮˣŮòã
֪ԼЩˣҲ˼֣ˣȻǰ׼ҿܻ˻ٵ
һô𣿡
ֱҲ̾Ϣ֮ҲȫΡ
ƣҲͻȻôЩ£ҧҧҲȥˣŮˣŮᾡ콫ǣٲˡ
ŮЦ͡
ɸһЦԡ
ô𣿡üΪģǿǽӲӵĽҰ
ҵһۣЩ񣬡Ҹ˵˾ˣɱֳʲô
ݻ˵Щʲôһ䵭ݣֻܽеĲѹ¡
ʲôв˾ͻɢˣŲţ
Ҫȥ飡
ת뿪ѾҪȥˡ
ҿ뿪ıӰܾЩŤͷ̳˵һ䣺ȥݣҵȥ顣
̵ͷ֪ˡ
䣬Ҳת뿪׼ȥŰݡ
Ҷ뿪ıӰеĲŨ˼֣̫ѨֻԴЩκģͦ
תȥЪϢˡӴгԺǧŴЦ
û뵽һЩ顣ǧ貣ժһ·ߵʻֵҾֻܰ˵ˮݺͰϡ
˼κЦѯʡ
ǧȻͷȻ˼ģǿǸģǱˣҲһûˡ
𴽰꣬еЦ⼫ΪˣƤ
ǧٺһЦֱӺĿײһ𣬡ҵʱ͵ҩݺ˲γ࣬ʱǷŵȥɡ
áε
ϲҡָ⣬һһ˵ţͦһӾǻе˼
׺˵׼ҵЩҩݺ˲͵ߵġղŸڴǸģȫ֪һǳģ
ϲգۣһݵؿǧղžȻôƽ͵Ҳƭȥء
ǧ˹Сӣʵ𣿡
ϲЦݵģ
ǧЦϲֵԴ˺öҩݺ˲Σʱȫòð
ϲæͷðʱֻõööˣ
䣬˫ޱȣСһ
ǧˣֻͷޱȣһ·ϲֵСԴȾЦ⣬ʱõĽңòð
ϲֵ˫ٴðð
ǧһеЦô䲻ȥ
վһ࣬ܰ棬ͷǳϲĸо
һСվһ׼ȥ
ڶ졣
ǧ׼ȥˣƿͻƣɾΪӲ޷ӿȫգʹûнס
գѾϢˣҲӦǿ˳׵ġ
һϣô˯ˣֱȥ˱С
ƺ֪ôҲһͬ뵽˱֮С
ǧһۣ˵ΣҾȥѣɫô磬ȥϢġ
ҡҡͷִ֣޷Ҳȥһңʮ׵ƿʥףʥѣұһԿŲܰġ
ǧһСҲú˵ģЦԭˣǾһɡ
ιǳǳЦˮ硣
̤Ͻݣܿͽ뵽¥֮С
ǧ£۾ʼ
ʱɫԪƯš
ɫǻ
ɫס
ǧԺУٴγһƬƯͼ
ͼ嫣ǧһСǰ㴩ͼ֮Уһͼе貹â˷
ǲӿǧڡ


1250 һ

һ˲ǧйҪȫۼ
ڣʥ׵
ǧͷһЩâЩâҲԸǧС
ʱǧǳʹһ
ͷǧ˸ҫ۵Ľ⡣
θֶڴǧϽʱ˫
ɫĹâżʣСܹգܽˣ
ξţеĹâҫ˷ǳ
Ӳ֪һڽ׵ʱȻɢ˵㿴ţҲƲĿˡ
Ҳò˼飬һʮ˾ȻҪʥħʦˡ츳ҫ۵˾ޡξţĺڵ˸һ˿
ǡһĨްɡ
ʱ򡭡ǧĹâԽԽЩʣµĹâҲǧա
οŹеǧ᲻һڽ׵㣬ÿ
ʱǧ޾ͼУεЦŵ٩ġ
վһΪǧʲôҲõһʱȣȻΣյĿԺСС
ʹӳеĽɫâԽԽϡͬҪɢȥıһڱеǧȻɣƲĿ⡣
Ҳ֪˶ãǧһ󣬻˫
һ˲֮䣬һɫĹâģżɫǻϵħĹâ
ģϵħĹâȥˡ⻹꣬ھٴγһϸϸףɫ׹⣬ڲϷ
ϵħĹâ
ħâͻȻУѵħͬʱˣ
뵽˴ǧ˫ȻЩϲؿԼ˫ֻ֣˫ֺȾһףǰӨ͸һ۵ķ·ˮ
Լ񣬸͸˫֣ǧЩ
˻ԽԽϣôԼԽԽءҵֺۡӤֻҪۡǧ̾һ䣬ϵħϵħ
ÿһħǿɫҲռ˼֡
ǧܵħ͸ǿ·ܰȫ綼Ʒǽˣ
뵽˴ǧ˫ҲϲУ̵ϸߣ㿴ҽˣұʥħʦˡ
ͷЦºͣˣϲ
ҲԼǧüɫҵϵħʥˣҲû뵽һӶס
ٴγ佱Ҳ°޷죬Ҽˣͣʥ׵żЩģҲֻ߰˽ܶš
ǧԼˡ
ᣬϵħʥˣ˵
ǧϵħߣһ˫۾µµתͣȻҪϢǧ֪Լĵȼ
ŴǣеЦԽԽġ
ʱͻȻżͽ׾Щ嶼ǰӲʵпģЩͽ׵ļ飬ʲôϵģˮϵģľϵģϵϵ١
СѾͷ÷һܣܵúܼһֱˤڵء
еЩҲ䵽˵ϡ
ˤһĽųãǧ洽Ц˵Ӱ㵽ǷʲôܣԼˤģģ
ǧһȫģߺ
Ǹܣǲ֪ĻþͲˡôӵһؿǧ
ǧãƳһصĵͽ׾壬Ҫ˵ܺЩͽ׼йأһ̾Ĵء
Ȼ֪ģ˵ɡǧɶãЦЩа񣬾ͬһ
ͷȻһŵòʡ
ˣͻȻ˵ˡʶһ»ᱻǧųԵ
ǧţ·һҪħצôס
ٴεһʱһֻĴƽץ
ʲôζеãĺڵȴ޺棬ȴľ
òͷһ¾Ͷ˷˫ĺī˫һŵɪɪУЩ÷˵ˡ
ôȣǧЦһӡ
ö˶䣬ҷ
μȷһ˵ӣͽ˵ط
һõͷţñһ˼ֶ˷˫īӡ


1251 Ǯ

ٴαסŹԹԾϵľ壬ͻȻ֣Һǿȡģ
䣬óһѾûɫľ塣
ǿ龧͸ģûκɫʥޱȡ
͸ĳ֣ǧҲһ˲
ⲻǼ𣿡ǧ͸ִк棬Һ廹ȡǣȡԺʲô
ÿٽһƿɫҺȡ͸壬ľϵħ飬ȡԺ󣬾͸ģЩľϵҺͱ÷ŵСƿС
ƿеҺ壬ǧЩ̾𣿡
ҲһЩ棬ûҺ徹Ȼȡģ˲ơ
ñǿͷƤ飬ӲͷƤȻõġͽ׺͸߽׵ļֻãҺһȡͱһֶܹãħҲá
ǧͷٴһ
ħҲã
ǧãʵħҲʲô˼ѵħ޾ЩҺȥԺҲеļܣ
ҡҡͷܹܣֻħ޺ȥԺܹԼħǿͬ׵ħЧԡ
ǧ𾪲ѡ
ȻܹܣǿħҲ͸ܲˡ
˼ԺħҲӦߣͬȼ࣬ͻѹľ棬˵˼ܣ˵ͨ׵㣬Ҳ͸ħûʲô
ħޣʱ򱾾ͱ˻ҪǿǺҺԺܹǿħǾ͵ڶ˺üǿĵ·ϣҲܶüϡ
棿ǧ֡
Ȼģƭʲôһ̰ڳһģǿռﲻкöħޣֲ𣿡
ǧüʾ˵ȥ
ץצӣ߰ѾСϺ꣬СѿСǾޱǶһЩǵʵıǿӴ
˵ӣһӱ࣬һ
ǧ̰ǻȻղͬǿ˲٣̥ǵĸо
СѿСǾޱ̲ǧϣЩǵϸ۵֮ЩҺ峬óԵģǻҪ~~~
ǵϸۺСһ
ǧԴϵСҶӣҪżһǳԵġ
ӣǻжپ壬ǳ԰ɡǧŵϵ˵һ䡣
аֶԵġ΢Щա
ǧ⣬ΪΣ
֪ЩʲôȻÿֻħ޵ԲֻͬܳԼӦԵҺ壬СѿСǾޱֻܳľϵģϺóϵģȸǱֻǻϵġ
ûûͷ÷кô
ǧһüͷһ壬ֻܳԶӦħİǾ͸һ鷳
ȷʵЩ鷳̯צӣЩεҪħ΢鷳һЩҲǿԵġ
ǧͷʵľϵģϵģϵľ廹ж٣
ٴ̾ϵĺϵıͲ࣬òȡƿûˡľϵģȡ˶ʮƿȫǳԹˡ
ǧһüͷøͻȻúǮӡ
Ƕʮƿǿ٣ǧһ䣬ͻȻֲõԤС
ô˼ͻȻȻһ£͸ͽ׼ܣɡ
Ҳ˵ʮƿҺ壬ֻܿﵽͽ׼ܵȻǮĺܡ
ôʮƿҺ壬Ҫأǧһ䡣
ٴοڣЩĻһһƿҺ壬ЩĻֻƿҪʮɡ
ǧֻԴЩѣ
ʮ塭ҪңһҪõ
ĻٶĽңҲòһ龧塭Щ͸Ĳһ
Ҫħ޺Һ壬͵Ҫʮͽ׾壬Ǯ̶˷ָ
ȻǮħǿԺҲ帣ק°ڣЦŰοһ䣬бأ㻹µò𣿡
֪ڸ̾ⶫ̫Ǯѡǧ̾һֻҪһͽ׵ģͽ׼ˣħǡ
ֱ£
Ҫﵽ߽׵Ҫٿ龧壿ͻȻѯʣҪǸ߽׾𣿡
εЩȵ˵ôȻ뵽һ㣬ȷҪ߽׾ģҪһٿɡ
󣬲δ˵Ҳûб䡣
ǧһҲ֪˵ʲôֻܸ̾һ䡣



1252 

öų䣬õʵҲðɣûǵģǾͷĺˡ
ǧ𾪹󣬱㾲ϸ˼һ
ʵħޱøǿһٿ߽׾Ҳûʲô
ûõĻͽ׾嶼ȥ룬ٶľҲȥ롣
ħȷܸʱֻҪħ޷ųҲǿԵġ̹
뵽˴ǧ׼򼸿Ųʵ࿪龧
֪뷨֮ҲͬȷӦö򼸿ŲʵȡҺȻ𾪣ϸоһ£ֵܷģٹãҲܷ־ܣʱʵƸˡ
ǧҲͬ˵ģ˵Ĳµȷ𾪣ϸоҲ֪ܣʱʵͱϴһˣҪʵƾ͵ø߼۹ˣ㡣
νַͷǳЦھȥʵĵطתת˳ȥĵطõĲʵ¡
ǧҲд⣬˵ģ˫𣬡װ磬ϾҪĲʵʵ̫࣬ǲҪעĿĺá
ġƿ꣬ǳǳ
ӿռȥԺǧͰѻ˯ķϲֽѣѣ״ȥͷˣòð
һҪȥˣϲȻ۾ףҪȥĶˣ
ǧЦȥʵòã
ϲֵ˫ٴ𣬡ܿͽף߽׼ţƲʵ𣿡
ǧæǵ˵ͷԣֲʵ
ϲ󣬲ԼС֣ǿЩȥɣϲֲʵˣĶõļǮ
ǧƿ촽βԼá
ϲҧСָͷⲻ⣬ΪҪԼã׶Ѿѧ˵ͽ׺͸߽׵ļ˰
Ǹħõġǧõоһ顣
ϲ˫·ȾһףĳģȻоЩʵ̫ˡ
ǧ˵һ䣬˭ء
ϲæ°̫ͣ̾ˣ
߰ɡǧȥϲ֣ȥȡ
ֽϲһһ죬Űɡ
ǧοһֻۣͷ
һھô˷䣬ҹԺȭгȥ˼ʵӣҪȥ𣿡
ҹǷεĸǧûҪţͿڵǵģҪȥЩʵҹҪһȥ𣿡
Ҫȥҹͷ϶ҪȥģϾ
˳ţȥĲʵ
ʵǸ³Ǳǳص棬ǳһ󣬸ֺõĻĲʵѵ棬ڵǳѡ
˽뵽³Ǳɾ̾ˡ
ĳ󣬱ȸʹʹҪϼ֣ŵĲʵǰüģгǧ˰ɡ
ϲּˣϲףĲʵôһطȫǲʵ𣿡
˵ȫǲʵӦġǧƿ꣬˳Ҳһ¡
ǿеˡϲ°ͣ˵һ䡣
ǧѾôӿռٻ˳
øܵʵɢĸ㼤㵸СѾͷǸõطʵеö࣬öѡöоĲʵ
ǾͰˡǧԴ
ð̧°͡
κҹ࣬ϵû̫飬ǸĮӡ
ҲѾװˣ˲ʵҲ±ϳ
ûһǧõָ˺ЩĲʵЩʵЩúÿЩóªǶһͬ㡣
Ǿ涼о壡
ǧĲʵȫ鲼Уһִ֮ȥĵطˡ
³Ǳ˻ͦģҲЩǸˣн˾һѣһӮˣҽࡣ
ˣǼ︻㣬Ʋ
ǲŲҺǧһִţ·һʵҪͳͳﶪ
˵࣬ĸҲ󣬿һأ
Ҫҵ
ôһӵĲʵ˵ҲҪڰɣ붼۵ġǧȴûκ۵ĸоһװˣóһʼװװһӣó
Χ۵˼ˣŵŴͣȫǺȻ֮ɫ
Ů²Ƿ˰ɣ
һʵҲ򼸿ŶѣأҪǱȥӲʵ֪㣬Ĵ



1253 ôʵʲô

ĴҲˣŮƺǲʵģȻȫһЩªι״ĶⶫҪĸˡ
Ůˣ²Ǹɭԩͷɡ˼ֹۣ
Ů˺ɵôһЩι״ûòʵֲʵǿ϶мġ
ǰŮ˸ϹѣԻѪ޹顭
౾ƽͷҲô򵥣ʱҿ϶ᱻܹģһӶȥ·ַɡ
ֹ˵ţԴǼ˶⡣
ǧ⣬һ¾ͽǴֱɵ˶𴽽ǣȴδϡ
ϲȴЩر죬ףǺôȻ˵Ļ
⣬Ҳеûˣ˵˵ġǧʼ磬ϴЦݣ˵ȥɣѡĲʵǼõģֻ׬
ҲǣǾۺѣϲһֵףǼɡ
ǧʮľӡ
˼ˣѾ̾ѡ
ͽҵİɡô
ǧⷬľٶҲѳǱĸҲˡ
żǰȫǺˮһӲúˮһǧűߵʮӣ˵λﰡҪЩʵȫȥ
ʮӣ˵ҲҪϰڵĽҰɡһǰδеĴӰ
ǧ˵ģ˼֡
ǧЦŵͷǵģЩʵȫҪȥĸ˰ɣ
ͷ£̬Ȳ˼֣ǵģҾĸˣʣʲôԸ𣿡
ǧ߽űߵʮӣʵһôʵͷ˵ҲаڰɣǲӦøЩŻݣһЩ
ٴЦ˵˵ʱһٶǶʮŲʵϣܹϲ
ǧֱҪ󣬵ϣ͵ĶʮŲʵѡȽһЩ
һͦҪ󣬸һͷɳɳɣԻѡģΪֹ
ǧصͷȰѼ۸һɡ
̻С˼㡣
Сọ́žžડĿʼ
ǧվһ࣬ȴŽ
η˷䣬ڴһɫֲ£Ҳƽ棬˦ӵĶȴǳƲ۾
ǧ˵ȥѶʮʵʱ˽ҾܿЩˡ
ǧһҲô˻Щ̵ͷãھȥѶʮŲʵ
ЩʵǳģżһԺÿЩġ
˼ˣЦ
Ů˻ǴԼˣôһЩѿûõģ
ƾһɵӰɣ
ǸɵӣѾѪ޹飬ͷģˡ
һһ䲻˵ţлŶЦݣЩȥ
ǧЩʵԺ󣬱㿴Ÿһ䣬ǽ۸𣿡
ʵҲЩ˵һʱͷЩǧЩʵˣ򴽽ǣС˵һһǧڽңǲǶҪ
˾ǧǸı⣬æһ䡣
ǧʮŲʵŵǰʵЩʵ԰ɣ
ͷѾǧǵʳĸˣԵģȻǿԵġλҪҪ⼸Ųʵ
ǧüһ
ʵ
һʮţʮﶼǾ壬Ҫ
ǧҡҡͷǲҪ˰ɣżȥڼʵҲһġ
䣬ǧͽѾõĲʵȫռС
˼ˣеĹ˼֣ȻӵпռָˣǸӴļ壬ǧܵ
λߣӭ´˼Ҫ뿪æЦ˵һ䡣
ǧڰ֣δͷ
һߣЩΧ۵ٴα졣
찡ղǼǳǮģһǧڽҰô۾գػȥˣ
Ĳʵң϶ЩԲĺÿɫѿģһ֪ûоġ
ôͲ⼸أҺ񿴿浽ûо尡
˵ôʵʲô
һҲǧЩˡ
Ȼһô࣬ǾóǱеĲʵɣҲɡͷ·Ϊʲôڶڻһǳֵġ
˰˼⣬ΨһĽ;ǽ̫࣬ҪȥһЩϧҲҪѽ꣡
ֱ޴



1254 ʵȱ

ǧǲ֪Щ˵뷨
ǾЩʵȥĵطѰҸõĲʵ
ǻʱĸ½ʵĵط˳ǧŲĲʵЩʵѡģٷ֮кö
ЩҲˡ
ĸ½Ľͷβǵ顣
Ϊǵľٶʵ̫ˣʱ䣬ЩĳЩеĲʵͿգ֮࣬òð
κǶװˣһʱ˸֪ǧǵݣֱİ֪Щĸ½Ĳʵȫһ˸Ϳˡ
֪ǻڰ׻½ĳǳؿʼģȻȥ˱Ĵ½ʱͰÿ½ˣʵˡ
ǰ̫ˣд½˶ڲ²⣬ôʵǲڶڻȻ߲ʵļ۸񡣡
ͷβİղϲ²⣬˵ûɫ
߲ʵļ۸Ҳ̫˰ɣʵ͹һߣǶˣ
˵ǻ˾ںЩա
ǿ˵ǻˣ˿ڷУյؽŲʵʵһ⿪ľ͡ˡһڵϡ
ϲСȣƨƨܹȥʰһǧǰףһŵͽ׵ˮϵ壬ɫƯģҺҲܴء
ģ̌һۣʵ
ϲֽű࣬ÿɫͬķһ𣬵ʱȡҲһЩ
Ҳһ԰æһǳǳЦ⡣
Ĳʵܶ࣬ͽⲻ꣬ԣǻʱ䣬ǽĲʵȫꡣ
ͽ׵ģ߽׵ľӦоУɫħڵأ׳ޱȡ
ǧŵϵľ壬Ц˫гһϸ죬ǵÿǴ󹦳ǿÿһŲʵﶼкöģһⶼûУ
ð̧°ͣóɹ
ǧ𴽽ǣȴ
γϵľ忴һֽۣĿͶϣôྦྷ壬Ҫһһ𣿡
гǧľ壬һһĻֱӾͻһֻӡ
Ǳǲɰɡһ˲ˣþһֻССöѡ
ǧ󣬲һ㻹С㲻ţƺ𣿡
ʶų䣬ɱϣһֻСöѡ
ǧڰ֣Щεɰɣӣ
һһİ֡
ٴο鲻䣬ȻˣͽķǣôһȻڶʱȫɵġ
ǵԼȫ⣬̵ͷɣûϸظģ̫òŲ˵ڶ~~~
˵ǧȫûԼѧ
ɫĮ
ñ죬ķϸ˵
ǧļΪϸңǶǺܴģֻôһѾˣǷΣֻһ룬Ѿнһ˳
ѧһģŪЩɵۡ
̫ˡֱˣ
ƿ꣬ЩƲֵ˵һ䣬Ǽֱˣֻһ¾ȫѧˣһɾ͸жûˡ
ǧԴЦŵ٩㲻һֻӣҪʲôɾ͸У
Ȼɴ۾ըëˣҲϵĺοҿһֻӰ
ǧЦ̾ʼҺ塣
κҹҲˡ
ϲԴһ²ǣ˫Ө
ûһǾ˺üƿҺ壬ٶȼֱ͸ɵһ
üˣԲ۾ҪþòһƿǡȻգ֮ʡ찡˱ˣ
𣿡ģ̌һۡ
õɴ˫˵
Һʱֱը˹Ĵ½Ϣĳλҩʦ˾弼ܡ
ֻҪеҺܸħ޺£ħ޺Ժħϰüܵ࣡
ħʱǿܵõһֻҺǿħޣǾͺñһǿֱϲѶ
Ϣһ˶ˡ
ǰջǴӵܣǶϢмϢȷϢȷԺٴ𾪣
ϢȻģħܺȡҺ壬ħЧΪš
ǡˣǿĶ
ʱӵܶĿ˵еĲʵϡ
ɵǸȥʵʱȴǷֲʵѾʣ޼ʣµЩʵÿģ·һӿ龧һ



1255 һյĲʵ

ӵǷ׷ûѾûˣ
ԣûˣ
ĸ½Ųʵȱ⣡
ǣƽôĲʵôһӽȱôأ
֡ӵǿеĲʵڲסĺ档
⵽ô£ǰЩ·ʱ򣬻кöʵ²ʵôֻʣЩˣ
ǰǵô£ʵôֻʣЩˣ
ỹдɣ
ӵǷ׷׽ҲżּкͲ͡
ѾõϢ֮ȡҺ壬ЩҺħ޺Ժħһͬȼħ޾ѹǸ߼һħޣҲлʤ
ĸ
һֱԼħΪʲô
Ϊ˳Ϊǿߣһ˳۵˲ڽŵ£ݺѹ
ټȺӵƽҲ˲پ弼飬ͽ׼Ѿѧϰˣ߽׼ܵĻֻԵҪľħ޵ʵ
ӵܵĿȷǼкööңƷûϣ׼Щʵȥõľţõľ
£ʵȻô٣ǿ϶ˡ
ʵأʵǿЩó
ǣó
ӵǲϽ·һҪӸˡ
˼ˣǰ˲亹乣ӲͷƤǰλӣʵȷֻʣЩˣǲֿҲˣҲΪ̫æһֱûȥҪȥʱȴ֪ʵѾȱˡ
һҹǺݺһ
ĵطҲûвʵˣ
⵽Ϊʲô
⵽ô£ʵôͻȻͽȱˣ
Ѳʵ˽̰ɣ
ٴβ˲ǰĺˮǰЩһ˴ʵеĲʵǱǸյġ
ӵӹµһתȥʵʱ򣬸Ҳô˵ġ
˵һ˴ʵҷԲĲʵӶˣĴ½ĲʵӶǵӰ
ӵϸϸζܾЩס
ǽŸˣһ䣬ǵǺˣǿǻ˵𣿡
ҡҡͷݲһóôҵģ϶ѰˡǵģΪͨ϶֡
ӵһʱ侹ǻصĺܣܾǴʵĿĲô򵥡
ңǴʵʱǰЩӣ֮󣬾弼ܱع⣬ʵӵҪĶ
ǻ˴ʵ᲻;йأ
Ҳ԰ǽűعģδ֪ı£
˵Ѿ֪˾ܣ
ӵǻһһʱ侹ǻأҿµĺܣ
ǻߺǾûȥǵݣӵɲģһ䡣
˱ǲ˵ģɼ˶ڣҲ󣬱ֻܿڵǵȷвǾͻȻֵģ鲻ʲôҲƾʧһ㣬ҲƲˡ
ӵٴҲ̫˰ɡʵԺ󣬾ʧˣ
˵Ǿʲô̧߼۸񣬻Ѿ֪˾ܣҪҺħ޾ţ
ӵǵԶܴһӾ뵽ֿܶܣԽԽľҪһЩǾǻ˿ܾǺڰˡ
ڰٴδ룬Ҫħ޾ţֱ£
̿ˮֿµ뷨ǽŸˣʵǵʲôʱŻвʵ
Ҳʵʵ̫ѽˣΪʲôܡҲó󣬲ʵҲúٺ٣ȫҪȥġ
Ҳ֪ʱŻвʵ̾ϢһһΣȥʱ򣬱ĵ̵Ҳڽ۸ܹ˵ʵȫҪģһʵûˣ൱ǰһˡ
Щ֪ǻʵͲˣڵ׬ø࣡
ǣû֪˵ҲȷʲôʱвʵӵЩѿ
ӲͷƤǰҪȥ᳡ǽʱֺö᳡Ҳڹʵ̫Ұˣʵȫˡ
һӵǵ˫һҲܿ̽Ϣ˵׻½Ǳһ᳡Ҫʵ
Ϣķ½ͷ׷ӿ׻½
ǧڷҺ壬Ͳ֪ͷѾַ졣
ʱŬڽҺȫ˳ǧƿҺǶ滹Ǻ׳۵ġ
ͽҺƿкܶ࣬ŶϰˣлϵϵƿҪһЩҲá



1256 

ڸ߽׵Һ塭Щˣ˻ϵϵϵĴŶһٶƿϵϵŵһ٣Ҳǹˡ
ǧǰƿƿ޹ޣһֻóɾ͸˺öҺ壬㹻ˣǰЩʵǰҵļҵͿˣѾ⵰ˡ
ϲһһĪΣϮףû˽ǲǾûмȣûˣ
С۾Բȫǿ־壬ǧҪȥǰûˣⶼԲˣֻܳЩ߲ˣֻܿƤˡ
ϲһ챻ſˣۡҪƤҪʹȡ
ǧ̫ɰͷ˼£ƭģǻЩҵģʲôܹԵٲãǮ
ϲһæ˵ϣʵкöö𣿡
һЩ㹻ˡδ͡
ϲ˫·ǻһ貵⣬ۣðϲˡ
㣬ϲˣǧüš
ϲָֽ⣬Сģ˲ÿģûһͱסǧĲӣҲϲףױϲ
ǧЦͷ㻹һТġ
ϲﴽЦøһСշһ
ǧռħ޺ֲٻһ͸ֵҰƵģ̳Щƿƿ޹ޱȥ
СѿСǾޱҡͷԵģȣЩľϵҺǸǺȵ𣿡
ǣľϵҺǸǵġǧڰ֣ǷĴȥȡ
СѿСǾޱһֱЩƿƿ޹˹ȥֻá󡱼ľϵҺ˳սڡ
Ǿ͸˼ʮһһƿһƿǧˣֻЩ۾ŤͷСϺ꿴ȥҲȥһЩɡ
СϺͷֱӳɫҺ屼ȥ
ֻ߲Ҳ֪ʲôԣǧûԼܹȥˣÿһԵҺ嶼һЩʵڿµĽ
ǧ˼ۣüͷ壬Σֻ߲յʲôԵģôÿҺ嶼ˣᱬɣ
ġǳЦֻ߲մţܹ鲻Լµġ
ǧŰ࣬ŤͷȴǷֺվԭأûҪǰҺĴ㡣
㲻ҪϵҺ𣿡ǧѯʡ
Ҫ˫ֻأЩ˵һ䡣
ϹȸҪĶ
ңȸ֮𱾾ǲҪҺ壬Ҳ֪˻᲻ʲô֢
㵱治ҪǧȴƫһûиԼ
ǧЩʼ磬ֻСڷƢˣʱֻСһ˳ľͻᷢƢرǷᡣ
ҪǲҪ֮ԱǣǺˣһк֢أ
ǧ΢٣һʱҲЩȸ汾ǳ»ϵҺֻײˣǲ̫
Σк֢ǧЩһ䡣
ο϶ᣬȸ˵Ϲ޵ģҪøǿͱ뿿ǵҩô൤ҩ£»ϵҺȻҲû¡
΢٣ֵȸĻȻܹ͸ˡ
˵ЩʱյĮȴźżĸо˺ȥˡ
ܽʵ°ڣЩŤ˵үͺȺȿˡ
ԹԺ»ϵҺ壬ǧĴָˣҵķΣ
Цһȴ
ʱǺȵòˣͲڵħǿ˲٣һʱǾúܺɨǧ
СѿСǾޱ̲ǧϣõǾԼóģܴܺöö໵~~~
ǧǿһۣȻͷֳ˼ƬҶӣ۵ģŷҡҷš
ΣͷϳҶˡǧЩϲ˵
ƿ꣬ˣ˵ڳɳ
ǧһοҲøˡ
ͽҺѾȫգʣµǾǺˣҲʲô仯ֻܵСʳ
ǧǵСʳԣϾǿģԺ϶Ҳٽҵġ
ʣµĵͽǾͱˣȥҺȸ߽׵ġǧԸһģ࣬ǲ
ǻͦģķŹЩͽҺ壬תȥȸ߽׵ˡ
ʱ򡭡ǧһŲ˦䣬ħ޺Щƿƿ޹ȫ뵽˿ռС



1257 Ѿ֪

ͬʱһ
ߵߵߵ
ǧ˷䣬ζã˭
Ⱦµ洫ֶŮǡ
ԭȾ£ǧеľ˲˼֣Ⱦ壬ǿɡ
ŽȥȾɧɺСϱһ춼ڷȾ£̧һƻ˵Ĺ󣬡ûгȥ߶
ǧЦǰûȥ߶
ȾŴ꣬ЦЩס
ǧʹϵĲյ촽ƿȾ壬Ϊûгȥģ
ޱ飬ҷأͲơ
ȻˡȾƿ꣬ЦʱЩȻˣƵģһֱڴһȤϢǲ𣿡
ʲôϢǧ£˫ﭵġ
Ⱦ򴽰꣬꽿ޣ֦ͬͷӣ˵оһȤЩ弼ҺǿģˣЩҺ廹ܸħǺȣԺħ޵ħøǿ
ǧ󣬽ë
Ⱦ΢΢䣬˵ͬѧϰ˵ͽ׼һħõŵߡ
ǧȴԽ
˵һܴҲὫоû뵽ͷ˾Ȼû죬Ѿоˣ˳ȥŪ˾֪
ǧ˵ȾһЦɤתһ˵һ˼飬ǰЩӣһͻȻ˲ʵŪڲʵӦˡ
ǧüŶǾǻˣ
ȻأЩ̽ʵ𣿡ģ̌һ䡣
ûСȾҡҡͷЦøţڣÿҵ̶ŽʵЩ᳡Ҳںһţڲʵļ۸Ѿ˼Ĳʵ᳡ȥ
ǧһֻЩ˼顣
ʵȻôˣ
ʶοһۣȴַҲڿԼ
Ⱦָ⣬˵ţڰǶڲ²⣬ǻΪιôʵѾ֪˾ܣ׼ڻǺڰģ׼Һ彨һ֧ħ޾š
ħ޾ţ
ǧ˫һͻȻӲҪ齨һ֧ħ޾ž£ء
ҲǻֻǵҪʵأͻȻڣŵɤ쳹˳
Ⱦ豭ϣͻȻЦⲻܰɣôʵĸ½ʵӦˣģ
ÿͷ˲䲻
ȾһֽۣĿͶǧϣЦŵ٩Щʵİɣôãַһľٶģ
ɲģ
ǧȾĿ⣬ЦöˣȾ壬ô;İ
̫ˡȾƷһڲˮʵʵ˵ǣ벻ʲô˻Щ顣
Ŷȷġǧʼ磬ͬҲܳʵ
ȾѾᷴ׼ˣû뵽Ȼô󷽾ͳˣܾúеЩһ
ôˣһ£ȾüϵЦݱȥ
ǧٴʼ磬һνİûʲô÷ģҵ壬ܲὫǳɣ
Ⱦθôܣҵĸα~
ʧõСĸζæһԸ͵Ⱦ϶˵ȥģǷġ
ǧһϵЦݸΪ˼֡
ȾٴδǧۣʵͻȻôʵʲôѲɣֻɣ
ôʵҪôڣùһͻѪ޹顭ȾŲڽ棬ƣ;йء
档ǧһڲˮ˵Ѿ֪˾ܣǰЩоģȻ׼Щʵȥһ£ֵȷħħǾʹʵҲо̧߲ʵļ۸񡣡
ȾֻЩǵĵǶԵģż죬ȷоˣһҲ򲻵ôʵˡ
ǧ䴽һЦͷЩο
ô࣬ľ弼𣿡ȾЩģѪ޹顣
ǧһۣ¶ЦЩ⣬Ⱦ壬ҲżҴţôԼֿ
ȾҲƻľ͸һǾԲԼԿģټϷҲһԻǾԲѪ޹ġ
뵽˴ȾٴιЦЩ欣ǲص湻ģ֪ˣЩӶоҺ壿



1258 ׳ô°

ǧַϥϣͷǰһֱоأ˲Һ壬ǵûп׬˲١
ȾЦøӲá
ǧٴγԴЩͣȾղ˵ʵѾǼˣҺ壬ǻȥһۣ
ȾϵĲ豭ЦȻʵʲôľ͸ĲһܸƷȣгƷĻ˭ȥģ
ǧһתռﻹʣööҺ壬Ҫüƿȥ
ˣȾƿ꣬ЦȻ
е˼ǧ˵ͷ
Ⱦһʱ䲢δ˵
ǧʹȴͻȻ֣ڷš
ţü͡
ʱȾͻȻ˵ȥ᳡ȥգе᳡вʵҪˣóҺ϶Ϊȫѹᣬʱ˺۸϶ܸߺܸߡ
ǧЩĶ
ڽٵĿӦ׬һˡգϣǧЦһ䡣
ԣڽϡȾҲЦɫȾ̫ɫ·ڷ⣬ȥȥ
ǧƿ꣬Ȼȥˣһȥմ֡
ãȾЦöˣֶܺŮֶһȥ棬Ӯң
ǧСķε°ڣΣһȥ棬ȥȥ
εͷ˵ʲôʲô
ǧﴽеЦãȥ׬Ǯġ
Ⱦһ뿪
뿪ǰȾΣЦʦһЩҪ˵ͬһ𣿡
뿪ˣ룬Ҳȥ
ǧ֪Ҫȥ̸飬һԣŲˮûҪȥ˼
ͷ紵
ȾվڶʯСϣڰˡ
γʱ򣬿ıĳ棬˷䣬̧˹ȥ紵ʱɣǧ׷ţÿ쳣
ҳǺ£ĺڵȫǵĮ
ǰǧ塣
Ⱦϰ߷εĵĮЦɣȻЩҪ˵ˣǹǧ顣
һǹǧģüһ壬ҲЩ¶ȣ£
ȾȥϵЦݣҲѵѪѪ顣
üɲǱЩ䣬ôˣ
Ⱦһǿ˵ǰЩӳ˵ʲôȥѪѪɻ˵ѪʱѪ
սȭͷɭһƬ
һ£ЩǧûʲôʵĵطȾѯʣԽࡣ
΢򴽰꣬뵽ƽڵʱǧͻȻ󱳲ǱʲôһĪǣѪѪֵԵʣ
ûȥˣ
üƽյ˵һ飬ȴеǱɽϵѩ˵ġ
ȾԺҲһһ䣬棿
Ȼġƿ꣬
Ⱦҧͳֻ˵еѪѾͲסˡ
һţЩľøô죿
Ⱦ򴽣β
һûµġƿ꣬ɤȴ͸˭˺ұɱ֮˺һ˿һֻѪҲС
δ˺һ棬ȾЩľһ뵽αǿˣЩǰֻǲ񱬷ҲǺġ
ԣһû£һѰҽİ취Ⱦ֣ļ
Ӧһδԡ
˵һ̸ֹͣ
Ⱦһߣξͷص˷С
λǧüһ䣬˵ʲô
οдЦ⣬棬֪
ǧͷ˫ģǰ𣿡
ζüۣǳǳ˵ѪѪ飬Ⱦ뵽һЩ飬
ǹԼ飬ǧЩ棬Щʲôأ
ε˫һΣЩͻȻֵĺڲȥֻѪҪ֣Ⱦʱ̾һЩ
ŶǧӦһ
ԭֻΪȾ뵽ʲôƵİ취ء֪ЩʲôͷЦһ뵽취ģҪżµġ
ǧ˫Ө͸֪ģҲûż
ζüۣǳǽҪȥ᳡Ҫĵġ
ǧæͷ֪ġ
ʱ򡭡ܣҲٴ˰һӵĶС



1259 

һԲԭ׳ûʸģڣʱͬգǰ׼ҵѪȻֻӣȴǰ׼ҵĺӡ
ãЩܳЩҲ֪ôˣɫ˲٣ѪҲЩ㣬Ǽ·ʱض˯ȥһ
С飬СᵽԺ˫һδע⵽׳㲵ɫ
ܴӾȡҺҾȵţܸħ޺ȣħ޵ħ
СͷȻģȫ½˶˵飬Щ˶Ѿֿʼʵˣڸ½ĲʵȱҲ֪ʱŻСС˵᳡Ҫʼʵˣ˵ͦģ˲ӵܣҪȥ᳡𣿡
һδ˵Ѿ˵ܴӾȡҺѾ㹻ˣ˵Щħ޵ħǿǿǧѷĺûᣬѾȱһˣǶҪȥЩʵ
ǰҪЩʵҲǸһ䡣
׳һ࣬Щ˯ܲӡ
ҵȻҲᣬʵҪҺҲҪʱħ޵ʵǿˣǰ׼Ҳһ¥ġ
᳡ȻҪȥġƿ꣬Ц˵һ䣬ôһǰôܹأ
ݺͰһۣеЦ
ЦЦֳԸһ䣬ȻǺú׼һ£Ǿȥ᳡ҪЩʵ¡
ݺͰһЦ档
Ҳ׳Щ״̬ѯʣ׳ô£һûӣˣ
ԣ׳Ȼѣ˰һۣȻЩסˡ
ƿ꣬ЩЩ˵ãûʲô񣬲ȻȥϢһ£Ӧþͻˡ
üͷȻ֪ǰ׼ҵѪɼһСֵģЩ
ô˵أСǵСܹ鲻Ϊݶıʲôġͻȥú׼һ°ɣϣһһͬȥ᳡üȴһͬȥ
׳ʶͷǵģ
ݺͰЦһɿ׳
ҹ
˲
Բͬ½˶УΪе᳡ĲʵЩʵһĪҪ֣
ǧǴӰ׼ҳʱ򣬿ıֵĳ
ǰһУǳЦطȻˣʵС
εͷǳҺʵȷʵСǰЩѾʵ룬Ȼ͵úȺˡ
ǰǧӷεģЦҼҷǴˣȥҿ϶Ҫ΢ĥһµġ
ЦĿ͡
Ⱦ󣬺һŨģЩƤ񣬺尡ûһ˱᳡⡣
Ψһ᳡ƽѾַǷˣʵϢΪŸյִ᳡ӿ룬һ¾ͽǼͷ͡
οٽǻڻУĸȥ
ǧҲŷε½СǰһҸޱȵģ
ûãǾͻΧ뵽᳡УһȥֵϣԴըˡ
ǧ䣬Щһ䣬Σó
Ҳ΢üͷȷĺܡ
᳡¥ϿȥһһİᣬҲֻĿ˲ʸ뵽档
ƿ꣬Ǿóǿȥ¥ϵİᡣ
ǧҲ¥һۣЩῴźܴҲʵӣЦŵͷðֻ⼸ˣҲ̫֡
Ҳǵͷ
ʱ򡭡᳡ĸǵĻǰ˵Բ𣬰᲻ʲô˾ܽģ᳡ΪĹ˿ͣܽ롣
ǧЩ棬Żᱻ϶Ŀˣ
˿һۣǵ˵һΪǳĶƷļ۸ﵽ˵ı׼
˵룬ҪĶǽҲֻҪʲô˵ҪĻмЩҺǲǳİ
˶빺ʵʱгƷҺճҪ˺
뵽˴ǧ𴽰꣬еЦԣĲ
᳡˳ǿһۣһʱ䶼˵Щ



1260 ⶫȻ

£᳡ԽԽ࣬ҶǸ½ͷû˼Ǽ˵󻰵
˸ת뿪ͱǧסˣһ£мǿһϲġ
˶½ŲЩɵؿǼۡ

ҲֻвʵĪǣҪóʵ
˽ǣЩǻóһЩʲô
ûһǧͽƿƿ޹ȡ
һʲôʵеڴȥЩ˵һЩƿƿ޹޶ѣԣ
䣬ü֮ڸǲ
ǧüȴδǸûʶ˶ѣûбҪϵģ𴽰꣬ЦΪͨƿƿ޹ޣ㲻ϸ
Σ²ɺ˼֡
ѵЩͨƿƿ޹ޣ
⻰ʲô˼ѵЩͨĶ˽ƿӴ򿪣һɲǣһħľֱø˴վԭء
ƿҺ壬ȻɢħǿңҺ廹ɫģĪǣϵҺ壿
Щƿӣ㲻̫Һ嵽ʲôƾֱ;ǿ϶Ǻö
Щʲô˲Ŀȵؿǧ
ǧƿ꣬Цӯӯգ½һֱŹھ徹ܣ˵ܴӾȡħԵҺ壬ЩҺħ޺Ժħ޵ħҲøǿ᳡ǲʵڴȡҺ壬ֱƷǲǱǵĲʵã
һ˾ԭء
⾹ȻǴӾҺ壿
ǣҪȲʵǧ򱶣ϾʵֶֻܿģҲǿġ
ȻǰƿҺ壬ʲôֻҪ㹻ĽҾӵУºֱʳá
Ķֻû˻᲻ϲġ
㶣ǧ˹δ
վһԵȾЦʵ㲻ˣ
Ȼ񣬿ǵĿҲ˼֣ҲƸղŵĲ񣬡ֻҪⶫǴӾģޱ󣬱Ȼ᳡ĲʵҪǻὫΪѹġ
ⶫȻġǧЦţɫƽ
ⶫϵش󣬸Ҳκεֻܿ˵λˣⶫʵҲһͬһ¡
ô飿ǧָ⡣
򴽽ǣСǵȼһ¡
ǧνʼ磬Ǿͼһ°ɡ
һʼҲûôƿͽҺϣû뵽ȴôĴ󣬷ⶫΨϸһŻðġ
ǧúЦȴҲʾ⣬ЩڵڵҺ壬΢һҲûġ
˼ǴӦÿʾǽȥ
᳡γش飬һǲ˽ȥġ
һȥǧͿ˼ƷһԲεĶֻҪ棬ܼ︻ħԪغǶĳҲܼ
ʵǸ߿Ƽǧ۸ˡ
ϲڷλ̽ͷ̽ԵģǼԺҲЩ΢΢ľ̾
ЩϲŷεͷЦ˵һ䡣
ƿ꣬ѵȴܺǼȷʵЩ
ȻҪҺȥ𣿡ϲЩ档
εͷǾú棬ҪŬš
ϲͷЦ
ʱ򣬸˿ǧٴοڵλｫƿӷȥһյĹ򣬾ܼˡ
ǧȥȴͻȻ뵽ʲôһһ䣬һܼƿֶ
΢㶣ĪǣóܶҺ壿
ӦòɡʵѾӦˣοӵвʵҲһܿĻһóܶƿҺ壿
ҡҡͷܸоԼЩˣȴǹػش𣺡ĺܣĶܼƿɡ
ԭˡǧһͻȻֱӴӿռóʮƿҺ塣
ϸղŵܹʮһƿɣÿħԪصĶһƿľϵħԪصҺ࣬ϵϵ٣øˡ
Ů˺һóʮһƿҺ
ЩȫϸĻ𶯣
̿ˮǧĿҲŮǧܵ
ЩҺһҪ𣿡Сһ䡣
ǧʮһƿҺڼϣøĳһ뵽˸ͷˡ



1261 ׳

ʮһƿ˵ɣʣµԺҲ١
ȼɣȼԺ̸Ҳ١ǧһۣġ
һͷ˵ǣǾȼɣЩȼ˵ɡ
䣬ͻȻЩûףŮһóôҺЩʵĪЩǼٵģֻ˵ģ
һʱҲҶ룬ֻܾȴ
ûһˣֻǿһۣ㱻ò˵ϡ
ЩҺ徹ȻȫġȫǴӾ弼ġ죬ǵʲôˣȻһóôҺʵ˴۾
Ҳҿ϶ЩҺ屻ѹóȥʱ򣬶ɿֲĺ䶯ǵ᳡ҲһҹΪҹ
˴ƣŬԼƽʵѾЩҺ嶼ģҪȫ𣿡
Ȼǧͷȫûж༤
򴽽ǣֵǻὫЩҺ嵱ѹ׼۾ͶλǧңǿΣ
˶˵ȫǧˡ
ǧЦ˵ѹȷǼõģǾͽȫȨɡ
չЦգǧǵͷģǾܷģ᳡ὫҲ϶⡣
ǧЦЦȴ
γһۣͻȻ˵ڣǿȥˣ
̫Щܲס
һͷѾ᳡ĿˣȻʸģһǻ᳡İᡣ
صͷȴ˵
Ǿ͸Ǵ·ɡǧ䣬ŸһͻȻͣ³˿˼ۣҺ弫ΪҺ飬᳡ܣʡҪ鷳
ͷȻﲻ˵Ҳᱣܵģ͸¶˵Ϣ᳡Ӧġ
ǧ͸ˣƿ˵ǾͿЩȥɡ
˵ͷ̴ȥᡣ
Ҫ¥ʱ򣬾˰ǡ
ǽҲʵģȴû뵽ͻȻˣ̶½ŲЦʦԺҲʵģ
δ˵ֻǵһۡ
ȾźڷЦţʵҺ壬ЩҺ廹ܸħ޺£˼ĽǾ˳ˡ
ͷɲ˲һѾߣ
䴽ЦţάűϵѺãҺ֮ȷЩ˼ЩѾ֤ˣħģⲻ᳡ˣǳŲʵ
˵Щʱ򣬰˫һУ˸һЩС˼
Ⱦ𴽰꣬ЦЩ
ǧһƳͷͼ׳ɫѿģʲô˾ѪһЩˡ
üһ䣬׳ɫԣҲ̫ãô£
׳һǷЩ˯ǧԺæ˹лǧģֻЩ˯öѣûʲô󰭵ġ
ǧЩ˼
æžҺ飬ǰѰ׳ˡ
Ŷ̶̼ʱ䣬׳һȱ˾ѪĶģȷģƣٹ׳ҪѪˡ
ǧֵ°ͣҲ֪Щʲô˫䣬ͬһ̶
׳ЩͷƤ飬һʵǧʲôԵĵط𣿡
ΪҪôһֱ˰ǧջĿ⣬ɫûʲôȻûʲô¶ǾעϢʡۻӡ
׳һͷһģлǧġ
ЩӰ׳ΪԵĺãӪҲϵƾ࣬űհ˲٣ΪԵʣɫɺܲãˡ
ûôע׳ôһ淢ɫѿˣͷ·û˯һ
üߵ׳ǧĻûУЪϢʡۿˡ
֪˵Ѿˡ׳ƿ꣬Щ
ҽĿջأٴοǧǣЦͿ쿪ʼˣǻǱ˵ˣȥ׼ɡ
ǧð
ǳҲ᳡ȻѾΪ᳡ˣǴ˿Ҫᡣ
ǵһУȻû᳡ɡЦ׼һ飬ҪȥᣬʦǾһȥɣͷӣǿ϶᲻ϰߵġ
䣬ҾȻһ˲ԽУȻʦһ飬ζû뵽



1262 С

ݺͰһۣҲԽʮ㡣
ʲôʦͷҪǵİģ
վһ࣬°̧ø߸ߣһԽǰǸһͬˣǵİôЩ˿϶µġ
ǧǣЦЦġ
ΪûаǻھᣬֵǾһͬɣͷӣǿ϶ǲϰߵģðҪǰ
ԣǧɲȴżֺЦ
ʵڿȥˣüͷ״С㣬᳡ΪĿˣҪİģǼһ𣿡
˲ԭأʲôǾȻҪȥİ᣿
ôܡҺͰҲЩȣȫû뵽ġ
ô£ǲǵһôнʸ񣿡üͷҪɰʵס
һǵģ˲Ȼа취뵽Ϊİᣬ׳ĪҪˣõʱ
һȻЩģЩ棬뵽Щʵÿ·Ҳûмѯʡ
λˣŤͷһؿǧǣȫ겻Ƹղŵ䵭Ͳ͡
Ҽˣҧҧ
˱˼ֱˡôҲеĳ⸺˾ôȻҲܽ᳡ΣϾ᳡ҲǲСġ
˫࣬תˣȥˣʡﶪ۵ġ
ݺͰͷ¥ǻ벻ףΪǧǻõ٣֡
ʱǧͻȻǿһۡ
ͼȫɻôҲ벻ͨģǧú˼
ƿ꣬Ц󣬺ܿ뵽İڡ
ڹĽطװζǶõģһ֪ʲôƷŵĲˮҲǶĴۣһ͵ҪϰңڳǮ
⴦ᴦ͸ź͸źǧҲϲĽܾúܡ
λ˻𣿡˿ǣСһ䡣
ǧЦǳܺãȻġ
˿Цˣͺãͺáλڰһ£ܿҪʼˡ
ǧͷְڰʾԳȥˡ
˲δǸĵģٺһЦˡ
֮ǵİٴα򿪣ζȱлһƣǾζɢ˲涼ˡ
þƣȾŵɢľ󣬲̾һü۸Ŷ˵Ц⣬û뵽᳡оơ
䣬ȾִƱԼһ
ǧ̫ƣһŵľ㣬Ҳ֪ǶȻϵȵƣʵǹ˵Ľ
ƿ꣬ЦȻǺþƣǶһЩɣδʼ
䣬ǧƱˮ
ϲּⶫе㣬ɿѯʣףܺһЩ𣿡
򴽽ǣ˫Щˡ
ǧЦſһۣⶫܺȵġ
ϲ̧ЩʣΪʲô
ǧĵ㻹СֶǸ˺ȵģ㳤Ժ󣬾ܺˡ
ϲæͷԭˣǸ˺ȵİСѹֻܺȺȲˮԵġ
ܿͽ趨Եó㡣
ǧж˼ɫ
οһԣûãͷһÿӳ¥ȥͼѾʼ
᳡ĹԱóһöЩȫڷϣ˵
᳡˶Ϊ˲ʵЩＴʹٺҲ࿴һۣһ˼Щ۸ҲͦˣǾ׼ˡ
Ժ󣬻ͦˣܸоԼһˡ
ûãЩ˵ıȫˣʣµıЩʵˣӵȫԲ̨ķ
ûһ᳡ĹԱͽһʵȡЩʵڵƻҫɢ˵Ĺâ
ӵǵɴ˫ţ۾գˡ
찡
һĲʵ᳡Ǵֱʰ
һĲʵҲģҪ࣬еǽң
ӵ˫Ź⣬ԾԾԡ
ǲʵμʵ˳ɳһ䡣
ǧԺҲŲȥֻһ۱㿴Щʵڵƻҫ³ûͦÿ
ͦÿģӸղ˵ˣЩʵûپ壬»ǿġǧԵеĸ㣬ֵ˭ǼоĲʵӦ׬ġ



1263 ô᲻ͨأ

󣬵ʹȻ𣿡
ǧڰ֣һģʱ϶кܶ۸Ҳȥġ
󣬲ͷü֮Ц⡣
ǧͬ𴽰꣬ǳǳЦ˷ǳ
ʱ¥±ǧȥֲʵѾʼˡ
᳡Ĳʵͦ࣬ǲһһģǲģʽÿһʮŲʵģÿģģĶУ˭Ҫ£ͱѺõĺͻĶȥ
ǧˣɾ᳡ЩС
ǵ۲ʵÿĿ϶ܻӭ۸ҲһЩЩģ۸϶ܵ͡
һ۵ĻЩӵܣõҲУ۸ֻ߲ͣǴġ
Ȼһʵóʱӵǵɴ˫Ǻ˫տʼ
ǧҡ
ǧ򣡣
һڡ
һмϣǧٴÿӣдЩζ¿ȥڲʵļ۸Ѿô𣿱ǵģҪöࡣ
΢΢ÿӣǳǲ֪ãֻֻܸʹãħҲʹãǼ۸Ȼ͸ˡ
ǧЦۼǰȼ֮
֣һĶǰ·ڶԴһϡ䱦
ģ̌һ¾Ͷ˫ĺ͵˫ͷһ۵һĨΡ
Ⱦ¼ˣҲٯٯģŪЩΡ
ȾִƱü̾°պҲӣǧ㣬֮ͥµҲ壬Ƽá
󣬶͸ˣ̵ģ·һȾȡЦҡ
ԣȾЦЩȡЦպ϶ӵġ
´ͷɺģȾ϶ס
ȾоƱ˵
½ĿͶ𴦣Ҳ˵ˣȾȡЦ
ʱ¥¸Ϊˡ
ԭһ༫õĲʵΪѹˣӵǼˣϣҲһʵϣôŲ
찡ʵ൱ǼõģȻһѿʵûС
õĲʵ϶ܿپ壬Ҫˣ
᳡Ҳ̫ƻˣǽôõĲʵһ𣬿϶ǹġ
һӵǷ׷׸ͣˣǻδĿӲʵƿһʵ˺ãڱصá
᳡ĹԱˣЦǵսԹȻܳɹЩӵܵѾǸץסˡ
ʱʵļ۸һܰ
ʵ༫ãԵ׼һڽңǳۡ
ԱĻ£ӵǾͿʼϽмۡ
һǧ򡣡
ڡ
ڣ
м˷ôҲ䲻¡
ڰУת
˷Ľмͷ˼֣ҲЩм۰ɣҲһʵѣͲģοʵܲ϶ܿܶྦྷġ
һԸͣͷҲܼ
˫ΪҾͲʵʵ̫ˣЩӵܶݣǴĽҲ࣬Ǹġ
󣬲ЩգǾͲˣЩ˽ʵߣ
սȭͷҲõĲʵʵѵãǲܷ
ȿ˵ɡ򴽣ҲȫΣһҲ١
ݺͰһۣв˼γǼҵҲʵ̫СˣȻȥ
ʲôǷһ¾ͺˣôС¶ͨأ
ݺͰϸϸţʵļ۸Ѿߵʮˡ
ļ۸ЩľҽƣûһҪм۵˼
ݺͰһۣںһĨվм۵ʮڡ
ǽм۵ҶʱԭأӦԺڽмۣѾʮˡ
վȵݣǵʲôʮڰôǾͲѧѧ׳ԹԵ𣿡
׳һ࣬ɫⲻÿЩ˯
ݺͰһۣЦǹԹԵİһ̬Ҳ֪Щôˣǵʲôɣ
ҳ׳ȥҲر𲻶ԾȴǵǱ˵˵ôǵĵܵܣ䣿
ݺͰȴûѰ׳һˡ
׳Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻö֣߳ԴЩˡ



1264 ˾

ʿɶֹٽмˡͻȻ뵽£ٴһ
ݺͰȴδĻڵϣڰ֣ͲҪ̫ˣʵһҪ£ҲǷ¾ͳˣǳǸҲӣ
ǰ˵ĶԡݸͣǺѵõһλᣬǾҪס´Ҳ֪ʱܼõĲʵˡ
ָ⣬ͿҪ˵ˣǡ
˵һʱˣѾûԥĻˡ
һΣ汻Ǹ˵ˣһ㶣ܿͷɣǾͽʵɡ
ݺͰΪˣеЦôҲ䲻ȥ
ʮڡ
һʤ׷ʮڣ
һţһʮľһ£۵Ľ
мͽ׻߸߽׵ľ壬ҲѪ׬ˣ
ʮڡһҵѪս󣬰ʮڵļ۸༫õĲʵ
Цü䣬ʤߵЦݣ㿴ŮڽʵˣʮڣҲ̫ɣ
ʲôû˵ȴҲú񲢲Ǻܹ
᳡İУǧŲյһϤ
ǵʮڵʱ˫һ£漴ЦˣΣкЩϤ
գգδʲôϤĵطϤδá
ǧֹЦӦǰȻʮڵļ۸಻Ĳʵ
üһżֻζƿôˣЩʵ￪ö𣿡
뵽õĻǧЦŵͷǰ˵ЩʵֻÿһЩѣʵֻһöˮϵľ壬ǵͽ׵ģʮԿòӡ
ֻһöͽ׵ˮϵ壿
һҲǻͦ⣬ƣҲֻһǧɡ
ǧЦŵ˵ͷֻǵͽ׵ˮϵһǧҲͦˡ
ٴιȴ
ǧֳԴϸ¥µ
вʵϵʱӵѾѾҪ뿪
᳡ĸ˼ˣæǰǶסˣλһ£ỹδҪһöûƳء
һӵǷ׷׶½Ų
һ
ղЩʵѹ֮
ʲô˼ղŵĲʵѹ֮ôһ᳡ô°
ǰǲҪʵôͻȻжˣǶȲʵҪã
ӵǷ׷׽ȫһ
˲δЦò÷ǳұ֤óԻϹǵ۾ʱǻҽ
Ҹұ֤һ⡣ͻȻ˵һ䣬£ھͽǶƳ
ӵҲʲôܱȲʵҪأ
ѲɣǾ弼飿
˲²׷׵ʱ򣬸ǽһ˳ǧĶʮһƿӾҺ壡
һóӵǾ͸ܵ˴ƿ͸ħŨǳֻűһܡ
ӵǵľһ񣬾֪ܲʲôŨ᳡ϯôӲˡ
ƿеľǺö
ӵ궯ѣʮһƿӲš
ǶĵʲôΪԣ
ǰˣ
˰ڰ֣ʾƽλ˵ʮһƿװǴӾ弼Һ壬ħԪصҺ嶼Уɹѡ񡣡
һӵȻɴ۾ղŵ궯Ҳʱʧˡ
ʲô
ƿľȻǴӾ弼Һ壿
ⲻܵİɡǿ˵Ӿ弼ҺҲǺ鷳ģһɣҺͻ᲻ЧҲǷѡ
ԣҪоõҺ壬ǰʮһƿҺ壬ôô
˵ǴӾ弼
Ͼ弼ܽŴӦòôôƿҺ壬ǰƿƿ޹ޣǼٻɣ
ӵǲ²׷ףȫɡ
˵ؽ֤ȡЩҺѾļ⣬֤鶼м٣ǾܷľˣЩҺǴӾ弼ģϾܱǵĲͬǲõġ



1265 Ľм

һӵٴλȻ
찡
ЩǴӾ弼ģǳƷϺõĳƷ
ζ֪Һ崿ȷǳãǰٷ֮һٵĴ˰ɡϺõĳƷģ
ӵܿǰƿƿ޹޶ƵģһҪΪеķģ
˼˷ҲЦ֪ЩǵֵסҺջġ
λ԰ꡣͻȻ˵ҪһƿľϵħҺ壬׼۶ǧңǳۡ
һ䣬Щӵľϵħ޵ӵ˲ˡ
ǰͽ׵ľϵ弼ҲͲô۸񣬿ɽʱͬգЩ弼ļ۸϶ߵһߵ㡣
ټҺҪķһñ˰æĻ϶ҪööңԣЩҺĻ϶Ƿǳġ
ʱӵǾ͸һ㣬Ͻмš
ǧ򡣡
ǧ򡣡
һڣ
м˷ֱӽ۸쭵һڣһмƣ
ŽҹЦ۾гһ죬ǧǹ᳡ҡǮֻһƿҺѣôңʣЩϵģϵģϵҪࡣ
мڼƿľϵҺڵļ۸ˡ
ЦЦóһƿˮϵҺ壬һƿˮϵҺ壬׼ҲǶǧ򡣡
ʱмٴ
ǧںУͽЩм˶һ䣬еЦÿҪû뵽ֻһƿССľϵҺôңʣʮƿֵöˣ
뵽˴ǧеЦŨʵʱͻ˺öңֻʮһƿҺ壬͸оҪ׬Ƶġ
ңռﻹǧƿҺûء찡Ѫ׬
ǧﴽǣͷ̵ġ
οһۣƿ국˵ЩϾǸոճ۸ȻһЩңǶ˵ʲô鷳кܳһʱ䣬ҺƷܹ󡣡
ǧЩƵգգ۾鷳
ôûָоһӾ˰һ󣬷ٴ𴽰꣬Цжһ˿Σǵ츳ûǺðɣǡ
ǧڰ֣ҲЦûӣֻڸпѡ
οһʱҲû˵
ǧͷ¥£Ƕۺ첱ӴֵؽмֻۣãаɽаɣǳǮҿģ
θŲյЦǳǳȸղŸŨ˼֣⣬ǵȷкܶҡ
ǧ𴽰꣬˸Ϊ˼֡
ûһѾƿҺ壬ʣƿҺ壬ƿҺܹʮڽңĿ֮ꡣ
ǧҹ͵ЦеҲʱζɲǣÿ쳣
ʶ֣˼£ᣬҲǧ
ʱ򡭡᳡ĸ˼ҺãȡɫҺ壬Ǵӻϵȡģϻϵϡ٣ɻϵħ޻ͦģϵħޱһħЩǷ»ϵҺ嶨
ԣϵҺҰеʱ˾У˫죬һҪеĺģ
찡ȻǻϵҺ壬İħܱúˣ
ǰЩҲõһֻϵħޣһħҪܶ࣬˻ϵҺ壬ܺɨǧˣһҪõ
ǱϵҺҵģҵġ
һʱϣӵ㿴ңҿ㣬ȫڱصõĹâ
ž׼ǣͦ˵ġ
һ󣬸ִϵҺ壬Ц˵ϵľ弼ȻѵãƿϵҺѵãԣ׼һڣ뿪ʼۡ
һǧң
ڣ
ڡ
һڵĵ׼ۣǧ΢΢סϵҺ徹Ȼô𡭡һڵ׼۰
γ¥¿һۣ˵Ͼϵ弼ѵãҺҲټʵϡȱȻ͹һЩ
ǧգգ۾ǹҲЩˡϲ
ϵҺĵ׼һڣʱ򶨻кܶӵϾϵħ޲ûôϡȱһЩټϻϵħ޵һħҪǿܶ࣬ӵǿ϶һֻɡʱ۸϶᳴ʮڣ߸ࡣ
ǧ죬ͻȻЩƣЩ֪ҾͶüƿϵҺˡ
ֻóһƿ
Ц
һԵȾȴЦϡȱó̫࣬϶ɾ޴䶯Ͳˡ
ǧһҲǣû˵ʲôˡ



1266 Ϊǰ׼

ʱ򣬽мɴ˷ϵҺļ۸ѾʮˣȻûҪֵ˼
ǧǵսƯ̲סգ˼£սҲ̫ǿˣ湻ġ
οüĿͣôѵõĶǿ϶ˡ
ǧٴδ¥ȥȴһϤӰˣ
۾ҪƵϸһЩ˼ۣȴ¥µʵ̫࣬ܿǵϤӰͱȺûˣƲС
μѰʲôЩ棬ѯʵôˣ
ǧջĿ⣬ǳǳģҲûʲôͻȻ񿴵ˣ¥̫࣬ǵӰܿͲˣҲûϸ
⣬лᣬܻټġ˵ţ˫ÿƲ۾
ǧһҲپˣô°һϵҺļ۸Ѿﵽʮˣ
ƿţǺܷ񡣡
ǹһϵҺʮڵļ۸ˡ
ǧǸ۸񣬲Щ㱣ǰƿʮڣֻǵһƿϵľҪʮڣҲ̫˰ɡָ⣬̾ϢǵʵĽңϾҪ׬ˡ
βĿȴĿ繣˲
ûãóһƿϵҺ忪ʼ
ϵħޱȻϵħ޶ܶ࣬ǵȻûлϵһħȴܶ࣬ӵǼϵҺ۾ٴγ졣
ղûĵϵҺ壬εϵҺһҪõ
ڶ¥һС
Ҳͳ˫ʵû뵽̲ʵ֮󣬾ȻֳƷҺ壬һôġ
ǻôһʵرĲ㡭ЩҺ壬ǵħǻǿˣ
һǰܣ·˺üʮ꣬Щ֪ЩҺˣοҪЩʵأһʲôûС
˵ţڣҲûˡԼɱ죬Щίǵʱʱ򣬵Ҳ֧ǵİʵôãܿٺöġ
ҵɴ˫㻹ˣ
䶯Ŵ꣬ģί˵ľʵ
Ц
ݿֿæվȰܵʵ϶Ǻòʵǿǳöã϶ܴ׬ģУȻǶˣ޵ڶܹҲǿԵġ
ԣҿ˰һۣüͷ壬ܾйɲõԤУʲô˼
򴽰꣬ЦЩ̰ҲһֻϵħһƿϵҺ壬Ǿ°ɣʱӱˣҲ϶Ϊǰ׼ġ
һҲЩϵҺ峬ġ
ڶѾʮڽˡټǰѾʮڣﻹôǮҲзյİɣ
һʱҲЩò⡣
ݳʹһɫҲȰȰԼҵϡ
ɰȴûһĳ˿̰ȰȰϵҺҲģҲһֻϵħޣܰ£
Ĭݾ뵽ʲôһһΪҲ֪ʲôϵҺôһƿʱҷһ벻ͳˡ
ԣ˫𣬡棿
ЦЩģȻģСү˵Ȼ
ǾһΪ䴽Ц°ݻᷴڣæһƣתͷң˵òǿ˰Һǲˣ˽һΣն
Ҵģĺܡ
ãҲһ߿ȥʵ׳ӦΣ
׳һԣҪ˯û˵ʲôʣһ£ЩľګؿڣҾá
΢ͣ٣ͷм۵йϵҺ飬Ҳ˹ٴοڣ˵ĺܶԣϵҺܺãôˡ
ü
ݺͰһۣЦ÷⿪ģСǴˣû˵ʲôõĻ
˼Ƭ̣ŰڰֵǾİɡϵҺ壬ǽҲԼڵģǰ׼ҵδ͵ÿˡ
ݺͰ˼Ѫһʮڵļ۸ϵҺ¡
ϵҺ屻ͽʱ򣬰Ķˡ
һеϵҺ˹ŲʲôϵҺҵģ
õԲ˫ŰݲţҲǶݺݵģɱ֮ԼҪϵҺһġ



1267 

ʼ˭˵ҪҺһˣ֤𣿡
ָŰݵıӣζ˵Ҫˣô˵㻰
һֱӽϵҺ˽ָռС
ľٶֱ˰أݣ⵽ʲô˼ôϵҺŽռָˣ
ݿһۣĺܣϵҺҵģҵȻʸռָ
ֱקӣݣô˵ҪϵҺһģ㲻ܹӲŰ
ݽֲЩߵ˵˵ʲôҺҵģˣ𣿡
˫Ǻ죬Խθ˼֣ݣ㵽ʲô˼
㷳ü
Ťͷһۣ˾һɫ£ȵʲôɺͳ
ݺͰһ̽Էſɰвʡ
Ǳ鲻ԣܾЩԾæһ䣬ǵôˣΪ׼ҵĵճӺʹС㣬ЩϹص飿
ҵĴǰҵġݳһۣȫǲ
ըë鲻ģ˵ҪϵҺһ룬;Ůʵˣ
û뵽ǻһæǲһ䣬ݣ𣿡
ҡͷôܣҺĶ÷ָһ룬ĪҪŪˣҿǼĵճӣҺҸʣ԰ɣ
һҲ⣬ͷ˵òǰ׼ҵճӣԺİ׼ҶҪ̳еģõϵҺ嶨Ҫúòǡ
ԣЦǺһ
ôҲöš
ҳһۣȵϵҺãͲҪˣǲʵܿ弼飬ҾһΣ
ͦ˵ԵЩˡ
˵Ŀģϸϸһ䣬ֱƭˡ
Ȼġһҿ׵ΪҪƭ㣿
ЩģһҲ˺һľ弼أ
ݺݺݵһۣȻֳˡ
ȻЩͷǳ㵽ʱҲˣǶġ
˫лȫ
ݰҲ˰ɣʱɲҪŤͷݡ
ݷһۣϵҺˣﻹԵľ弼飬֪ˣ֪ˣҵʱʲôˡ
Ṵ˼֡
ʱ¥µ˻ڽмۣȴѾûǸĶҺˡ
Щƿƿ޹ޣЩЩ棬˵˭óôҺ壬ܽô
½ϣȻôһأ𾪵
֪ôʣҲ˳˼϶Ǹ򣬾ԲôҺϾϢһ춼û
ָ⣬һ춼ûôҺ壬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
򴽲
ȣһڲˮͻȻЦ˵ǰЩӲ˵һ˺ЩʵҲǣòʵùӦ󣬼۸ҲȥˣôЩҺ᲻ǻģ
һЩؿ˰һۡ
û뵽ԼҶҲôһ졣
Ȼ뵽Щ첻˼ˡǲĿЩԣʶӣʵôˣΪҪң
һŽĿջأֻǾ⣬㾹ȻͻȻ뵽Щ
̧°ͣЩʲôѵġ
ǺǡЦһƽ̫ˣֻЩջˣʲôÇNɪģ
գ㡭
ôʲôػ죬ֻʵʵ˵ѡ
㿴æתͷȥ״
̫Ѩֱתƻң˵ĲǰЩӹʵǻˣܾҺ壬Һˡ
Ҿ˵϶ǵġš
ƿĿ⣬ֵЩҺͻȻ֣˵ǻҲҲ᳡С
ݵ˫ǵǿԽǻҳʱͿԱǽĲʵȫǰҺ壡
󣬹ЦҰҵĶӣǴġ



1268 

䣬̷Ըȥȥ᳡Ѱǻ˵ӰӣֻҪѰ͵һʱץЩҪ͵͵еġ
ЩСȥԺ󣬰üһ䣬ǵҪǻץһݷǷǽ˵ô죿
ҲΪ⣬󣬴ץˣǵСǲԹԾͷ
һҲ˲İ˲٣˵ĲֻҪץƾǴˡ
ҹЦйâţҪǻץס
ӢҲˣĿ̰ЩץԺ󣬶ҪööҺ壬;弼飡
ʱ򣬿϶ǵġ򴽽ǣõһС
ڣǧ֪ڴǵ⡣
ؿţĿȴע¥µһС
ֻʣһƿϵҺˣϵħħ޲м۵ӵҲࡣ
ſﵽһڽҾ֣ⳡʢҲŽˡ
ǧ˻β豭еĲˮͷȴڼţʮһƿҺ徹ȻϰڽңбǮˡ
ץŷε°ڣЩ׬һٶڣǮˡ
ˣҲ䴽Ц𣬡˽ҲͦʱܸӼˡ
ǧлϲ
ϲһܼӼȣ۾գգͣþˣȺðϲԼˣ
˵䣬ȾͻȻ豭£̽ĿͶӰϡ
ЩӰĵģСģ·Ѱʲô±˷
ȾЦһһ˦˦䣬ϵĲ豭̳ſϷȥ
ֻáѵһ豭أĲˮҲһأȺԺŵɢ
ȾܿͷľٶʵȾʲôΪҪ豭Ͷȥأ
Ⱦƿ꣬ЦӯӯͷЩ͵͵СҲ̫ϲֻܽߡ
Ҳе˼ЩȣȾ壬˵͵Ϊʲôأ
Ⱦʼ磬ʾ֪Щ
ǧǱߵĶЩ棬ôˣôѲ豭Ͷȥˣ
ȾֵڴǣЦмСҲ֪ЩʲôҾ÷ƾͰˡ
ǧŵϵˮգº˼֣СҲʮİˣôֻּСأ
Ⱦʼ磬ʾ֪ڷѰʲôʲô˰ɣ
ˣ
ǧ·뵽ʲôһ洽͵Цҿ֪Ѱʲôˡ
Ⱦ¿ʲô
ǧӣû˵
һԣˣͻȻ俪ˣѰǡǽֳĶ˲ɺͲ²⡣
ǧҲ˳˼·ȥ᳡һӳʮһƿҺ壬ȷʵ˻ɣټϣǰЩǴ˲ʵǿܻὫϵԣѰǣҪϵҺ壬ǰҺ塣
ǳЦŵͷɳ᳡ԣΪҲ᳡͵͵Ѱʲô
ǧ򴽽ǣЦö˷ǳĻ˼ǲ֪ǳʲôģǴ롣
ǣܹҪи롣Ц豭еˮɢһ˲ָȾ÷ۺ졣
ǧ̯֣ģЩΣҪ룬ҲҲǣæѡ
Цţδ˵
Ⱦһ࣬һһģʮ˼
ʱͷ͵͵ѰʲôǵĽŲᣬһȫעӣɾԵø졣
ǧһۣ㲻ٿڶֱۣӽĿ˻ȥСѣͷɣҲҲʲôġ
ǵʱαװͨĺܡ
˭뵽ƽˣʵģʶĿģ
ǧ뵽˴ܾ÷Ц
ȾĦŲ豭µؿһۣô޿ֵģǵʱˣ
ǧʼ磬Ŀ̹Ȼǰǵʱͨˣ˭Ҳ뵽ǵġ
ǻ¡ȾЦһ漴һ豭˲ˮƷһڣеĺܣһȷ˽ϳģǿˡ
ǧһЦĿǳǳģɷǺÿ
ʱ򡭡ͷǻҲˣĲ鲻ʲôҲ᳡Ρ
ǧˣеЦߵˣѰʲô
Ⱦվɫڵƻ£ɢŹâΣָܲ
ǧ̯̯֣Щ޹



1269 һǵ

Ⱦ˷䣬¥µȺӵѾɢȥһ֣ʱǽˡȻûʲôҲѿһϷܹǺġ
ֶŮǶɻҺ壿Ⱦ뵽ʲôһͻȻͷǧһ䡣
ǧеˮɫˣȻеģȾҲҪ
ȾǰһѿǧļͷٲȻһõģһֻϵħޣһֻϵģǻʣµģһЩɣһͦġ
˿ЩõֻҪһ͹һ˳Դöˡ
ǲң
˵ֱףǧҲЦȾ壬ʵ㲻ģǱϾһˣ̸Ǯʵ̫ˣοҵĽҲҵĽңȥҲûʲô˼
ȾһҲе
ȷҵĽҲģô꣬Ҫúòģ
ûҵĽҶġȾЦټֿԣôأ
ǧһۣЦȻһˣҺʲôȻҪˣҪƿ
Ⱦһգգ۾
Ҫƿ
ѵҺкܶ࣬ܶѳɽ
ǧƽüۣиղƮƮȾͻȻֿܡȾü״ƿЦƵһ䣬ѵͷкܶҺ壬ѳɽ𣿡
ΪѪϵģǧҲûҪҴţ󷽷˵ȻѳɽˣǼɽ
ԣȾ΢΢סܾЩţҲκηĻ㻹ǾҪһƿɣ
һƿϵҪʮˣټϻҪһƿϵġȻԼֶŮɣҲ̫ռСˣһƿӦǹõİɡ˵ǧ֪ǻ̫˽ҺĹЧʲôû˵ֱóʮƿϵҺʮƿϵҺ塣
ϵʮƿҺ壬ȾֻЩ㱡
Ȼô࡭ööʵҲ޷ôྦྷ弼ɡֶŮкܶܣ
¿ϵҺ壬ҲסˣЩ𣿡
ǧصͷûġ
գգ۾ڵľôβס˵Ӳʵн弼黹ǺѵģϾ͸Ĳһãǵ˶ٲʵ
Ȼܿô࣬ҵ׶Ϳ˰ɣǲǻǷծأ
һ˲ҵĽȫóȥծϻнǲǷծ˰ôྦྷ弼϶Ҫܶܶʵɣ϶˰ɣ
·ǳĵģһСǺˣǧΪʵǷһƨǮʱ򣬿ԷԲˡ
ÿò˵µԲͦǿġǧŹֵĵһʱ侹úЦϸϸƷζҲ֪ڵԼͷҲů˼֡
ƿ꣬ǳ˵ǲõĵģûǷǮҲûѪ޹飬տʼȷûٽңղʮһƿҺ壬ҲʵǮ׬ˡ
һͷˣˡ
ʵǮ׬ˣ
ܰɡʮƿϵϵҺ壬϶ҪǧĲʵɣҪ࣬ϾϵϵǼΪϡٵġ
ͲҪοˡӣǺģȥ
ȾҲЩȴûǰš
ǧͣһʱЩΣĻкööǮЩôͲأƫҪΪǷǮˣܿ
ʶοһۡ
ʱ򣬷ҲڿȫЦ⣬رÿ
ĨЦ˰ĵǧһһƽģûƭǣһЩֶΣֱܷʵĺûԣܿģ׬һɽ
գգ۾ֶ
ȾЦеʱ⿪ԭֶεİֲǰšǧָϵƿƿ޹ޣЦôϵĶǾŰɣҿռָﻹкö࣬ԼҲˡ
ûг֣ǳȾһۡ
ȾЦƿǾͲˡ
ϵȫսȥˣҲ֣˽ȥ
һ֮Ⱦһοǧһ䣬ΪҪʮƿҺأһƿ𣿡
һƿϵľҪʮڣͻȻʮƿܾѹô󡭡ǧֵڴ䣬Ⱦ⣬ΪǷֻ֣һƿҺħ޵ħǿΨʮƿͽ׵ģܳǿħ޵ħ
Ⱦһɶʱ飿
ȻҪʮƿƿϵľҪʮڣʮƿĻ


1270 ʦ

Ǻǣȫ󣬸ڳԽҡЩø߼ҺӵǵõϢҪ
һʱȾͦ˼ӵЦ
֪ҪԶٸ߽Һ壬ħ޵ħŻٴǿ𣿡ǧգգ۾Цø⶯ˣȴ˾Щ졣
Ҫ٣Ⱦк档
Ҳ
ǧ򴽽ǣ˹֮ŵҪһƿɡ
ʲôһƿ
һԭء
ȻҪһƿҲ̫˰ɡȻ߽׵Һ廹δ֣֪ǳǼ۸϶ǳľ˺Ư
ʱҪһƿĻ㾡Ҳ𣬿½ôྦྷ弼鱻
Ⱦ̿ˮƬ̾Ѿָ˹ЦǾˣȻҪһ١
ǧʼ磬Щεǰ֪ϢԺҲһ
ȾЦȷᱻŻ
ǧҲЦȴǲ˵ˡ
ʱǰͻȻˣǧʶŵķ򣬾ͿͷһӰӦǽŵĸˡ
ʱͽҵġ
ǧü˲ȾһЦ⣬ɡ
֨߹
űƿӭǳϲĸˡ
ǵ᳡Ǻþûһ׬ôˣʵ˾̾ѣһʼʱǻȻҲǲŵġ
뵽˴˼֣ǧЦЦЩǸղҺʱ׬õģҪҪһ¡
ʮӣװңʮʵ̫עĿԣǰװڿռָġ
ǧϲеЦҲˣˣ᳡
䣬һ֣ʮӾƾʧȫռȥˡ
˼ˣЩ㶵ģҪװĻҪǼһһ˦Ӷȫˡ
򴽽ǣҲĹˣлǶ᳡ΣԺҲкöطŽǻ᳡Իһ۸ġ
ɣǻúÿǵġǧЦŵͷ
˳⿴һۣͻȻС˵ˣղҹʱ򣬿мӰѰǵģϾҺʵ𺳣һȥʱСһЩɡ
ǧЦŵͷлѣǻСĵġ
㸺˲ѣҲע⵽ͷĹӰ⸱ģԲᱻϳ
˵˼䣬뿪
ǧ££䣬Ҳ뿪Ҳȥɣ᳡ҲûʲôÿĶˡ
áαŷϲߵ࣬ƻ£˫Ө˵ɫ
ǧһۣһʱֻЩˡ
䣬Ŷ
Цŷϲָȥ
ǳȥʱ򣬷᳡Ѿ˲٣ЩӵܼҲˣҲûȥֱˡ
ǧˣһ´֪꣬Ѷˡ
νĿ䵽ϣЦǳǳ壬Ǻÿ
ʦǿʲôöҵͻȻ
ǧְӶ¥ϲȻѾǶ
ǧĿ΢ͣ٣治ЩЦ
ǵĶЩúöĲʵ
ȵǽ⿪ʱ򣬹ƻġ
ǧеЦλεģӳڵƻʱԵøҫۡ
̿ˮһӿˣŮĺǾȻ๫ˣӶˣķǴ˵еĴʦ
ǣƭŪŪġ
ǰݵĿֱ̫ףεɫһӾˣһᣬɲ䣬Ѱŵòᡣ
̲ͷҲȥˣʦʵһľǲǲ
Ҽβ˵һ۶ûԼʧӣ˲ѿ˼֣Һͷֻš
ǧ̫ϲֳĬգʼ磬˵׳ǵȷǵҴϾ᳡۳Ķʵ̫ˣЩƿװҺ壬𺳡
һ뵽Լ򵽵ĲʵϵҺ壬ЩǺö뵽˴ֱꡣ
⻰˵òʵҺ嶼㹻𺳣ҲһЩʵҺ塣̧°ͣЩҫ˼
ǧһתЦԵζҲĵһЩʵҺ壬оرĿġ
Ⱦվһԣգգ۾һʱ˵Ĺá
Ҳò˼飬ʶǧ˺üۡ



1271 ȸʹ

ǧȫ֪ʲôǸƽ̹ȻӣƾΣ²˵ѡ
·ϵ壬ͻȻ룬ȻɫѾôˣʦǾһȥɣҲиӦ
ǧһתҲסڰ׼ңһͬȥҲûʲô˵ģǾܾ̫ԣ˻ɡ
β˵ǧֱӿ˵Ȼǰ׳룬Ǿһȥɡ
󣬲䴽Цͷ·Ѿ˴ʦһĺܡ
ǧһֻۣúЦ
εĮɣԾûпһۡ
Ⱦ£ĬĬģһֱܰ
߰ɡǧҿһۣһơ
ҵͷкŰǿЩ
뿪Ժ󣬴ŹһյĹҲһ˴Ӷ¥¡
һϮɫۣȻǴȸ½ī裬ҲǧղſеϤˡ
ī⴦طѰǧġ
ȥ׻½ǣҪʵǧϲֵķΧ˴
˭룬᳡ʵ̫һʱҲˡ
ò׼϶¥̽飬û뵽һգۼ䣬еȫûˣʱҲûˣֻʣǵļȴҪѰҵˡ
īվԭأһ˫
ѵ´ˣǧû⴦ط
ī˷䣬ϵЦѲڣ˺ããҪҸĺѡֻҪ⴦طһҵ
ʱ򡭡ռָǸͻȻҲһҵ
īһ̽öȡ
ɫĵӣǧѩһö
֪Ӳ򵥣ȴû뵽ӾȻԶʵ⡣
ûһǧѩȻӵдˣīˣвЩȻȻһöԴĵ
ǧѩöӣĿľ
īŵӣЦ
ӵ£õҵ𣿡ǧѩŵͻȻīơ
īԺ̴᳡߳Ѱ˸ӣ˵ԭʥŮȻöʵ⣬Ȼܴ
ǧѩûлң̹ȻЦӵҪȥôԶİ׻½ȻҪбˣöѡӵʲôΣգֻҪͨöӸ֪ңҺͱ¶Ӧ֮ߵġ
īЦ»£Ц⼫䣬ǧѩȴû
ʥŮ˼ϸ壬ñЩ⡣
ǧѩƿ꣬һɴȣӵˣһУֻǷ֮¶ѡ
īЦ
һͷǧѩŴ꣬ͻȻ˼֣ӵ£ҵǧ𣿡
īۡ
Ѿ㼱
𴽰꣬˹׻½ôҪҲͦѵģɣʥŮ㼱С
ǧѩʶԼЩУľһ£һųЦǱЩżˣϾڰͻȻֵ֣Ļ̵̻ģڵϹԲ̾ء
ī迴ǧѩı飬ȴ֪˵ЩʱǺֱ顣
ȻЦĻذɡīЦòſ˵ȥ߱ʣЩ㼱Ҳûãᾡǧҳ븸ʷġ
ǧѩ󣬲ƣܾīڷܣûоġ
˵ʲôī軳ɡ
üֻ˵ӵģҶὫЩ߸µġ
īӦһû£Ȳ˵˰ɡ
ǧѩЩģֻܵͷǾͲ˵˰ɣϣ´˵ӵµĺϢ
īʲôû˵ֱӽӷ˿ռָС
䣬ããҹɫС
Ҳ֪ʱҵǧǡҵĻҲ׼ҪʲôϹԲ̣һǧѩıơ
ҲȸʹˣǵطѹֵĽʱ
ǧѾص˰׳С
Ҵƣ˵ʦǸղһʵھҪȥҽ⿪ҪҪһȥ
ԣǧЦЦؿ˰һۣ׳ȥʵ
ǰʲô֮𣿡Цſһۡ
ǧüЦ⽥˿ʲôΣȥ׳ʵɣʱĺܣҲȥ˯԰ɣ
Щʵûʲôö뿴Ǹǰܺڵģϲһ˫ҲһҲȥʵ
֪Щʵûʲôöȥմ֣Ҳͦġ
֪ȥʲôЩεգգ۾ȴȥˣʱȷʵ磬Ǳȥɡ



1272 ǻûǸء

ǧͷϲֶһۣЦζġ
Σȴǳĺܡ
ҲȥȾ˵һ䣬ϲ֣ܹԹԻȥ˯
ȻֻԼ壡
ûһҾͽǴ˸еĵҡ
Һܴ澹һЩʵĹߣֺʽĸоǧ¿˼ۣҲܿ췢ĺܡ
ȼţյͨ͸·ʲôһۿ͸ˡ
ǧüܿͽĿ˻ȥ
Ժ󣬰ҺȻߵǰһȡ˳
Щģϲ˵ĲʵҴ֣Ҳ쳣˷ãһܴЩʵпõĶ
ͽ׵ģ߽׵Ŀ϶У
ڻõδͬݺͰҲڻš
ǰ׳һĬĬվǽߣһ˯ģ
ǧ׳һۣδ˵
׳˿ȻȥϢġȾǽ棬ͻȻô˵һ䡣
ԣ׳һ飬ʶȾһۣǾԴЩΣ˶Ʋˡ
Ŵ꣬δڵһʱ˵
ҲȾע⵽ȷʵһģڰ֣Դ׳ǾˣͻȥϢɣҲûʲôæĵط
׳Ƭ̣ʵܲˣ͵ͷ׼طЪϢ
ת뿪ͣ
ҿ뿪Ŀ⣬еŨӣһضûУ
ݺͰˣЦ׳ˣҲ˵һ˸弼飬ֱǼõģ
һֻģǧɫҡҡͷǻΪ׳˾ռˣ
ֱ桭
ͬ𴽰ֽ꣬һ˫֡
ǧš
ʱ򡭡
Ѿʼʵˣù߰һʵģʵַҲ죬ЩĿİġ
ģ棬δѲʵ⻵
ݺͰһԸɿţһ˲Ҳȥʵ
ţЩ˵ôʵȫһҲ̫˰ɣŮɡ
̧һҲͦеãһɡ
һЦǰһöʵͽ
ȴǴһǷؿǽϣûҪȥæ˼
ҿһۣľΣǰ׼ҵĵճӣԼҲָʲô
ǧվڲԶһϷģ
ףͻȻЩ̡ϲͻȻǧߣСظ̾һ䡣
ǧ̲סȥΪβģ
ϲѹСҲĳѾ֪˽֣ȴ֪һõģͦġ
Ǳ𣿡ǧЦʡ
ϲȻҡͷ˰ɣǱ˵ˣǶỳʲôʵĺñ湻鷳ġ
ǧԴʾǰһС
ʱ򡭡
Ѿ⿪һöʵˣöʵ泤üãԲ󣬷·͸һ˿˿ȫ⿪֮󣬾ȻʲôûС
ûʲôûС
һصؼһ飬ʲôû
ԣöʵҲֻǱ泤úÿһЩѣɰѰҸˡ
ղöʵȻʲôûУеĲʵȴڹ۲ǱߵеĲʵûжЩȡ
ҧЩãǰʲôûС
ôһеǿŲʵȻðһưЩ͸
ˣ˫Ȼһ쿴еĲʵҪˣ
ҿ˹ȥʵаðɼ
ͬģаݣţһʲôöҪһȥ
ʱ򣬰֪Ұģڼʵ
ֶŮ˵öʵʲôȾյǧǰһ䡣
ǧ𴽰꣬Цûв´Ļֻһöͽ׵ϵ顭Ҳֵ̫Ǯɡ
ȾȻصͷԭˣҿôŨΪǸ߽׵ġ
߽ףǧգգ۾ЦǻûǸء
Ⱦһδ˵ȫĿǽʵ
һֻáˡһʵͷľ弼ڵأ滹һ˿˿ţɢȥǿöģ
ɫģϵͽ׼顭
׼˼ˣϵϲ˲ɢȥôܻǵͽ׵ϵǻΪǸ߽׵ģǵͽ׵Ļϵϵء
ôҲû뵽Ȼǵͽ׵ϵ
ϵħûʲôðöϵľҲܹġ




1273 ʵ

ͷ˲ӳԺһ˲ֻЩĻţҲЩ겻
ץһԼͷȴ޷ЩʲôʵѾˣˣû˻ĵ
ټ᳡̬ȹضǿӲûн⿪Ҳ˲ġ
ԼҵٳٲжͷҲЩţѯʵôˣôʵˣ
ҴӻЩѹ֣ûʲôʵɡ
ղŵĻҲֻһ˲ܿʧˣʣôԲÿĲʵأ
ղԼԼѣֱ
һѪһٴִϵĲʵʼ
ˣҲ˿ղŻΪԼҵǲϽʵˣǵʱľ弼ô죿
һԵİݳǿһۣͽĿͶϵĵͽϵϡ
öڵƻɢ˵Ĺ󣬰һ˲رΪС
ǧ˫ֻأ׼˵ı鿴۵ףЩţ»ȴܿƽ
еС˼ڰݣһ̰
Ҳ֪˶ãʣµĲʵȫ⿪
һ̱ڵأǲš
ôܰ
ôÿԲĲʵоȻֱӳһöͽϵһöͽ׵ˮϵ
üʮĲʵȻ⸱ģ
䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ·˼ʮꡣ
ݺͰҲһš
ôܣĲʵãÿһŶԲκÿôȴģأңڲͣૡ
ܲסĴ̼ɴ˫һһ᳡ù;ЩõĲʵˣһЩõĲʵһġ
ݵԽԽ󣬺޲ȥ᳡
ǧǰⳡ־磬Щȣ׳ˡֱ᳡ȻǲģµĲʵԲÿһѵõļƷ᳡ҪٹÿĲʵ϶ҲҪöңοҪȥأ
һû˵ǰɫһһ׵ģģεĺܡ
ǧָ⣬ֵҾðɣʱδÿĲʵܽöġ
֮⣬̫ⲻöҲǻã᳡Ͳʵûκιϵ
һɫ˲ͱˣɰǧݣҶ˵һ䡣
ʱȾȴΨ²ҵ˵ûʱʵֶɣǿɣֺ΢ʱ㣬ʱֲᡭ
ѻȴֲҷ
˵ĺܶԣȷá
ܹ϶ЩʵȷµЩ᳡δֽţ̫ˡ
뵽˴Ҳ˰ۣŭ㣬ִҪʵǴ˿Ļӣˣ㿴𣿡
ڲͣԼͷҲܲģҲŭ˵һ˵⣬ʱҲһԲͣ˵ţҲͬ˰
Ⱦŭɫһ˲Ŀۣͷ·ʲô˺һǶˡ
Ŀڣǧ˼ۣŮˣǱ
ݼԼɿڣݺݵɱԼĹϰҪʵģңɱζѡ
㡭ĿڣòѪһֱ֪ȴ뾹⸱ģ
ô˰ݵǸӣ˵ģɲҪƵϰҪʵģûаϵ
Ҫˣ뽫ݵһ١
ȴҲԼЦ˼Žеŭѹ¡
ݣġŤͷңľȻڰݽȫƵˣ˵ôɡ
죬ҪˡһӣǳͣҲ޹⡣
ǧվһԣǲжΣúЦ
Ҳ֪м˭ЦԺɫ˲Ťͷ˵ԲסǿЦˡ
ǧ䴽һЦ
ȾȤ˵ʵȻҪЩģǾͱȥˣһӵĺ
׼˾һ㶡
˶жˣֱǶˡ
Ŵ꣬춼
ݺͰɫҲѿһʱҲû˵ʲô
Ⱦ˷䣬ָŵϵ龧壬ʵɣͽ׵ϵˮϵҲͦõģʮʮڰɣҲû̫ǰɣ
꣬⻹˼ʮˡ
ټϣЩͽ׾ҲֻҺ壬ʮʮڣһӲǣҺҪҲۿ۵ģ



1274 Һ彻

뵽˴ֻһѣҺȥҰҵҲóٽҰɡ
ʵ̫ˡ
̾ţһƽ֪϶µġ
ˣмҪͰ׳˵һ¡ȾͻȻ뵽£ɢɢֻè䡣
̧һɨղŵǰܣһ䣬ȾԺʲôأ
ȾüۣٹգǾҪŰ׳ѧԺˣ׳᲻ð׳Զ
һҲûʲô
Ѿ֪׳ԼˣҪȥĶѧϰǿԵģҲ°׳ᷴҧһڣǿ߱׳Сӿ϶ҡ
֪ˡЦĿƽĺܣһúŰ׳ģСޱĺܣԺҪ飬̵ɡ
ȾѧԺ׳õġ
һٺһЦҲ˵ʲô
Ⱦٴ䣬˵ɫѾ磬ǾȻȥϢˣ׳ҲЩȥϢɣϾٶ࿴۲ʵͷҲʲôöˡ
һɫѸٿ£ôоȾڳЦǡ
ҧŴֻ꣬ŭ⣬Ŀ뿪
뿪Ժ󣬰ؿ̱ܿϡ
һæǰҷôˣɱҰ
Ұڰ֣ûôɫûʲôǾЩ۶ѡʵѾȫ⿪ǲҪ弼鰡
޴Ҳеķ̡
˵ҪĻᱻҴġ
ֻҡҡͷС˵˵ЦˣҪʲô鰡Щ弼ţȵһü۸Ҳ٣᳡޵ܹҪġ
ЩɫҵҲƽ֣İֱ¾ͺãϤĽ̵ôꡣ
һЦ
һԸɿţһǷЩˣͻȥЪϢˡ
䣬ת뿪
̣ҲͻȻվͬҰݱԺ󣬾ʹҴ׷˳ȥ
ݣվס
ȹ׷ȥֱӽݶ½˼ɽ
ݵɴ˫ȻͻȻ½غܲ⡣
Цһ㾹Ȼ֪ʲô
ü˵ֱ׳ֲĻ׳棬ô֪ʲô
Цڴ˿ԵЩ죬ݣǺġ
һֱֽƵһԣǰ׼ҵĵճӣȻöˣô㻹ճӹȥСĵĲ㣡
վͻõҲѹҡ£ߡ
ݵɴ˫ûа
ŮˣʲôЩֵزһӣ˿̵ڣŮ˵ȷԶΪΪ㲻ҪͬѪҺ
ǧҵȻ֪һȻεģ
ݸ˿еתۣ㾿Ҫʲô
зݣסĽűݣղǺģϵҺ˽̣ȫƵϣܺ𣿡
գգ۾С˵ҲǹİʱôףԼ̫ˣ͸ǹܲסԲŻģϵҺҲ˵Ҫҵģҿǵճˣ׼Ҳܵ˵𾴡
ô˵ϳӣЦΪǰ׼밡
üһȻˣҿǰ׼ҵĵճӣ
¸ľճˡ
ŮӣԾͲܼ̳мҵݰأΪνĵճӾҪҲᱻ
ƾʲô
ԽԽģֱһ˰ϡ
žһںҹ쳹
գգ۾ֱӱˣӦԺ̽лʲôǶǰ׼ҵĶŮĺݣ
ͳҾǴˣô
㡭ᣬƴˣһ뵽ˡ
˻Ҳ׼ҵĵճӣ㻹ǺˣϵҺأ㲻˵Ҫһ룬ڿЩó
֪ڴҺע⣬ݵɴ˫ӣ
İɣǲġƳͷȫҿ۾
գԹ䣬ǲ
˵ˣϵҺҵģ㣿˺𣿡



1275 ۵ȥ

ݣôôģҲҪõ䣬ȥȫһøģ
ݼˣæָϵĿռָ
ޣеŭѾʵ˶壬ռָʱֻؿ۵
ˡ
ַˡģͷһ
Ůˣ
һô˿յֱ˰ƿأǾòֱһŽ߷
ֱڵϹһȦģǱĺܡ
ݼˣ䴽ЦԭһŲڰϣµҴϵҺע⣬ǿСүõķϣͽŪˡ
аޣ˶Ҳᱻҷǣסֻԣͷȴʣ߷ߵĺܡ
ȷ㣬ϵҺҵģҪ⣬һ㲻ġüһС˵־ģ
䣬ڰϲ˼š
ʹɫҰס
ݼˣЦղŲͦŵôˣ
ݣɿҧҧֻȫʹĲУ񱻳Ƶġ
ݲȹ֮ŽɿԺСүƵߣ֪𣿡
˵֮󣬰ת뿪ӰҲŵĺܡ
뿪ӰһҲһɱ
ʱ򡭡û¶ܵԼӣ߷
ۣ۵þͿҪȥƵġǶҩãۺղͬͷ·Ҫ˺һô
ŵ棬һధ֮ɫûã˹
ôۣΪղɱ⣬ɱ˰ݡԭǧ˵öģܶܶɱ⣬ͻѾܵһУҲˡ
Ҳʹʣܿеɱɢȥˡ
ڴ˿̣ϵʹʧͷ·Ǵδֹһ
ЩȻŻӵǶǿ£ֻҪ΢΢ɱ˵˼ͻ۵Ҫ
뵽˴תҴ뿪ҲΡ
ʱǧѾص˷Уǲ֪ݺͰĳͻҲֶ֪ʹȥ
һڷУܰ
ףٹǾҪ뿪طˡϲֱǧĲӣͻȻ˵һ䡣
ǧһۣЦʣô᲻ˣ
ȻðϲСཱུģɰĽвʲôõطҲ̫ұر棬ѧԺʲôģء
ǧЦԴȥˣʱ֪ʲôģˡ
ϲգգ۾һ棬ǰҲѧԺѧ𣿡
ȥѧϰģȥġǧЦһѡ
ϲһЩߵס
ײҪ󣬱ẦߵġϲС죬˵ֱ׳
ǧ˲ͱڻ
˵˻˯˹ȥ
ڶա
ů
ǧŷκͷϲլۡĻ԰ɢ׼Ҳۺ񣬻ŵȫľЩľӭŲÿĺܡ
ʱҲ˻԰Уֻһۣ㿴ǧǡ
ԭٴμǧһ£һ뵽շ飬ҲˣǶµĺܣһٷ֪Լ᲻ʹȥ
δ֪ģµ򣬰̿ˮֱƿǧתˡ
Ǽβ͵ĹӣЩǱζǧ뿪ıӰգգղǸǰɣôʲô˵ˣɲյ簡
οһۣĿ⵭Įʲô飬Ų˰ɡ
ǧ뵽յ飬ͦݵģͻȻȥҰ鷳˰ɣ
һŭĻܲҵģٳһ˿ɱǿɾ͸˲ˡǰŭɱ˰ɡǻݳɣֱӱݷŻܵ衣
뵽˴ǧ϶հȻǴ˶ҩЧ뵽˴ǧеЦŨ˼֡
ʲôȥģ⡣ϲ˵ţצļࡣ
ǧż϶ֻצӣЦֻ飬ղżǾܣȻڼɵʲôǰø¹һζ¶ҩԺ󣬲ܶŭҲɱģˣǳ׿Լġ
ϲһ˫𣬡ۣ϶ʲôԣŻǱܶԶ֮ġ
ǧҲôġ



1276 ̾Ҫжˡ

ϲһҲԼģ˭۸ˡ
ǧ֣צӣһʱôмãġ
ϲֺߵһ̽ԴǧĲڵϷ
ǧЦֻòЩë׵ġ
ޱؿһۣú˵
ϲСͷһ龫ֵģ
ûһϲ־ʹǧ˵ڶʯСϣûͿľСϣһˡ
ϲַŲʶǱָһ£ף㿴Ǳи˶ţ֪Щʲô
ǧͷοٽĿͶ˹ȥ濴һˣһϮۣͷףЩˡ
ǧ˵ӰЩϤ
ǧһΣһԺо̡
ǱߵӦþǰ̡
ΪҪǱأ
κҲ˰˭΢۾ȴֺܿƽһ˲䣬ŵ˿Ưζ
ЩŴ̱ǣʲô
ܿ죬ǧҲŵζüѹΣûŵʲôζƯڿУЩŵӡ
εǳǳɷǺŵˣ̱ǵĺʲô
ϲӣȴʲôûŵ죬СҲſ£ףôûŵʲôζ
㻹СǧһתҸ
ϲգգ۾ˣŶŬġ
ǧЦЦԡ
˼ңȥһʵһ޸֮ģȻƶʵǲ˼顣
Ҳ֪ʲôҲ֪˶ãƺˣܿ˿ȷΧûʲôԺ뿪
ʱǧѶδʹðûпǡ
Ѿ뿪ǧرǰȥƣһ˿£֪ʲôˡ
ȥǰ濴ɡǧָǰǸطЦ
ϲһǸղŰ̶ŵĵط£ЦúúãҲ֪ʲô
Ҳǵͷǹȥ
ǧһǣһ˺ܿ㵽Ǹط
ƶζδɢý̱ǣŪ˸ⲻ
ǧʶסڱǣȫ֮ɫ
ϲҲŵζСһ𣬡ۣҲ̫˰ɣµĸо
ȴûһüͷûһ¡
Σܿʲô𣿡ǧܾ÷λ֪
ӭϵɫƮ裬Ҳʱһذ߲ůůĵ١
ǧ򴽽ǣķĺáλ繣Ⱦ̫ů͹⣬ʱ֪ʲô
ǧգգ۾δ˵
δϵһɫע⡣
ϵɫ
ʱ򣬷βŷһö룬ϸСȴǳ۾
ǧе룬Щö롭ͺͰ׳·ģһģһ𣿡
Ҳһ㣬۾ƿ꣬΢ȷǴӰ׳ϵ룬룬ǶȻǰƳġ
ǧе룬ҲЩ˼飬ڴ֮ǰҲð̴ЩŹ֣ɵʵǰʱǻһ˲ȵġ
°׳룬ƾͿҪ˰ɡǧ۾ɤԴͳ
üۣǳǳϾҪѧԺ̹ǵȲˣڴ˴롣
˵ΪʲôҪ飿ǧ°ͣȫǲ⣬˵׽ѵǰģ
οȴǲ
ǧɬĴ꣬ǾЩԾɰݵǰ׼ҵĵճӣ׳ǰ׼ҵӣҲΣĵλΪҪأ
ԽԽòԾҲֻаԼ֪ΪҪˡ
ǧռ䣬Ȼȥ˵⼸հ̶жҪʱע׳ĶС
Ȼ׳ҪɾѪˡλ˵ͷ毺ãӳʱԵס
ǧڣһʱֻЩѣ
ûһ˱صС
ҹ
ᴵһʱ侹˼ֳǵ⡣
ҹɫؼеһз·˳˯һӰڰ׼լдУƽأѸһС⡣
Ƚյķţںֳһɱ⡣
վƬ̣ǵӰǶˡ


1277 ˭·

һǰ˫ϵʱ̴̽ƿ˿ʲôȫӵԼġ
ȥԺֱӳλƶ»ʶ£ɱȻҹеޣ֮⡣
ڴվԺŴϵ¡𣬾֪ĿڴţЦ
ͳҪնɱʱ򣬺뵽ʲô̽ߣڷ
ĿȷҪڹŵŽȥС
ͳЩСԺٴε͵һЦеЩС»ɢ֮⣬ϸʱܷЩСȻ롣
ϸϸ룬񣬺ˣ˸Ź⡣
ɾôϸ룬ڲʳ˵ľѪ˵ڰ׳δȥӿ϶Ѿˣǳ顣
ҪΪȡЩ룬´κ֤ݺͰѱԭҪ׳նɱ¾֣׳ҲȥĻ˾͸鲻ʲôˣֱǼõġ
ʲôˣΪڴ˴ͻȻ䣬һ󣬱´
˻һû뵽׳ʱͷĿҲ䵽˰׳ϡ
ܵĿԺ󣬰׳һ£һ˲ֻú壬ޱߵĿ־ϯ
׳Լģһʱ֪Լô졣
㾿˭㴳ҵķҪʲô׳ˣͻȻ˵Щ죬رϤ
һһƽﺦµǸˡ
㣬ǰ̶Բԣ׳ץסʲôһ˫Ȼһ
̽üͷ˫Ҳһ£ѾԼαװˣ׳ôͽϳˣ
ҲΣֱӽ£㵹ǴȻܰϳ
ſµ˲ӳ׳ǰ׳ֻһ£漴Ҳƽ˼֣ƿ꣬ƺЩ⣬̣ƽｻ࣬ΪͻȻҵķУ㵽ʲô
̵͵һЦƵģżֺ˵ζ
׳ʶһеĿ־Ƕ˺ü֣֪ڲǺµʱ̹ĺܣȫɱ⡣
ɱԼǣΪʲô
׳ζ벻ףƽû̽ɱȻη׳ԭǲھͽɱˣҲҪˣǣѾ³ҵݣҵò˵ܹ㣿
ԣ׳Ȼɴ۾Ϊʲô
УΪʲôҪˣ
ǿеɻ󣬰ҲԸ׹·һЩܹ**Ѫ룬ԣЩŻôŻر˯
ԣ׳һ
ûЩľ״̬ȷرر˯ɫѿˡ
ԭΪֻ˯òõԵʣ˭룬·ﾹȻ룬ܹʳ徫Ѫ밡ΪҪ
׳ģؿỤ̋ô붼벻̣ͨƽﲢûʲôҲûе㣬ΪҪң
ֻƫҪϣ˱ˡһ侹Ȼм񣬡ԣ
׳ףʲô˼ʲôе˱˵·
е˱˵·ǰ׼ҵӶѣп޵ġǣ̵Ļʲô˼
Ҳ֪̫ЦŰ׳ĿڿһˣҪˣŪôʲôأ
ֻ֪ѡ׳ǵһһŻڲš
ǿжֽ̳ľٶϡ
ˡһ׳ˤԣͷҲײϣ˲۵ѳݡ
̼ûж㳯һƽ׳һɫҰֽûۻϵħˡŲϱƽỊ̇׳Щ
ô죬Ҫ
ЦһȻС׳ȥ׳һر۾
һ˲ĵһٳ׳˹ȥ׳ȫȴһ
׳ΪԼҪȥʱ򣬾ڴˡ󣬾һʹĲҽ
׳΢΢һôвҽ
Ȼͼڵϣʹذ
׳գգ۾һʱӦղŰ̲ͦôһӾͳˣ
򴽽ǣСܿȥһ˲㿴ǧͷվ룬»ϣ˵Ȼ֮˸ƲĿ⡣
ǧʦǾȵң׳һʱ伤þȫӵĿдŽٺĿ⡣



1278 ̣㶼ʲô

ǧһŲڰϣţǿ̹ģ͸ƣû뵽˾㲻졣
׳ϵỊ̇ڶ˼ָɫ̫ˣҲûеȻҪɱҡ
ǧ۾
׳ҧֵ˵ҵ˭·֡
ǧüͷҲ塣
·
׳ܵ˭·
ǧº棬ڵϵİ̿һۡ
ɫҰףȫûϵͻȻ׳ļƻ֧顣
ɫҰܣڵһ
ǧϲǸǰܵĹӣߣʵ˵׳˱˵·ô˭·Ҫɱڣ
һȴûκοڵ˼
ǧҲżֱӽ̸˵ڲ˵Ҳûйϵ׳ҿ᲻Ҳ˵
˵ң΢һ˿Ҳ·Ⱦһ⣬ܿȥˡ
ǧȴһĺ⾡۵ס
֮΢һ̾ǺŰҵ𣿿Ϊʲô
ڰ׼Ҹ˺ܶ꣬Ҳͦãôأ
ֵĺܡȰ̴ΣܲȥаǹǧһѽŤͷΡ
վ»֮£»Ⱦһʥ֮ɫãھȥ˽й
ûãǶˣ϶ƣ֮ɫȫ㲻Ϊô˻Ҫǽй
ʦˣΪôǽйҴһǷЩƣʵ
ݺͰҲƣĺܣˡ
ǲε˼ٲʹ죬Ҳܲ
οһۣûʲô飬Ťͷ̸̣ղһϷʲôͳˡ
ŤͷӵỊ̇Щѣ̣ҹʲôôͱ˰أ
̧ʲôû˵
ǧ߳һ̣׳㻰ء
̻ǲ˵Ӳĺܡ
̣㾿ʲôֵƫƫҪӱģ֪𣿡۾ȫǱԹ
ݵЩɶˣ̧˰һۣƶһĨºͣûʲôֻڴһѡ
ʲô鰡ŭ
򴽽ǣδºˣڿһ
ǧĿŪöһ£̵ҪҪôˣʲô˼
ΪҪ԰ɫģ
˵ݵĹϵͦãҲɡǧ۲Ű̵һһУһʱֻ˵Ĺ졣
ʱݶ˶ţԴͷ
̴Ǹʲô˵ӡ
ǧһתһ뷨ͻȻȴֺܿ챻ˡ
׳վһ࣬ɫҰֽģлǺ²ѡ
׳ɫôôףҼ׳ɫԣǿһ䡣
׳һŤͷҸղܵ˾š
üЩֲΪ˵
ȿȣ˵ɡǧչ̫˵ͼı죬԰׳֣Ǽʱ֣׳£Ȼ롣
˵ЩʱǧŤͷңڹ۲ϵı飬ͼüͷһ壬ЩӣƺֲΪΰҪˡ
ΪҪ԰׳֣üô벻ͨǰ׼ҵ˰ƽһصĺܡ
ݺͰҲЩ벻ͨü׳Ͱ̿ȥ
ǶŰ̻ɱˣҲһ԰׳ĮĵģǧЩᡣ
˵ӣҲģοҪˣ
ǧɫãβ֣С
ôˣʲôƿ꣬ǳһ䣬ȵϢ˲ǧϡ
۾ֻȫˬѣûʲôֻǾð׳Щˣ˾ģ
οһۣȴǲ
ʱȾҲ˶ˡ
ô£Ⱦģǽһ䡣
ǧղŷ˵һ顣
ȾԺ󣬲Щ̾ȻѧԺѧ죿⵽Ϊʲôǰ׼ҵ𣿡
ǧʼ磬ʾֻаԼΪҪɱˡ
ʱ˵ĿⶼͶ˰ϣɴȫûһҪ͵˼
ҽţӸղŵĲţڵĸӣ󣬵ڵʣ̣ΪҪɳЩǰ׼Ҵ㲻ΪҪҹɱҵĶӣ



1279 

ʲôЦĶǵ͵Ц

ɫһ䣬ЩŭЦʲô
̧һ˲Ͷ˰˫ŭӣЦţЦݼڽ㻹˵Ķӣ˭סƫԺŲʣ˭ʣµĶʣµ·
󣬴䶯ţǲ֪˵Щʲô
ΪЩʵģ޴ӱ粵
ңǰ޲ð׳ȥ԰ôֻΪ˰׳ȥͷṆ̀ʲô𣿡Цһš
Ȼɴ۾ȫ֪̾뷨
ǰȷð׳°׳Լ׶ӣɱԼ׶ӣ
˵׳ҵ׶ӣҪȥָıӣ˫Ť
ЦţΧԱʱɭгֵͷ˽ħޣѵǰ׳ŵ𣿡
Ȼɴ۾һ˲Ļңô֪ģ
֪뷨Ц׳ô֪ģҾ㣬ֻ˽ħǲŵģ
׳ҲŤͷŰҡ
֪ͷ˽ħ޺ѲĹϵɾ׿˵
ǵɣҵɫһһ׵ģƮѣüģƲϵ̣˵˵ֻ˽ħôҷŵģôẦԼ׶ӣҪǴģ֪𣿡
𣿡ЦЦȫǲš
ҧŴǣЩȻġ
ЦЦ
׳Լҵ飬Ҳֻ֪˽ħ޵ŵģǺǡǧ˵û꣬Щȱȱ˷䣬̿˵ˣڱ˵ʲô˽ħˣ˵˵̵ɣ̿ɲˣȻ롣
룿Ī
ǧЦһʳ˾Ѫ롣
һһ
Ȼ**Ѫ¡ô**Ѫô룿ҽǧҪʸ
ǧеһ£Щʳ˾Ѫ롣
ڵƻɢ⣬ЩͷĿѣ漴־Ϯ
ǼˣһֻһۣǱŲͬ졣
ɰôƳأ
ǼеΪλļܣ
ЩǰƳģôܡüţ͸żֲš
ȫǲţǧʼ磬Ҳ˼ΣҿԺܸεĸ㣬ЩȷǰƵģգοЩȥƣЩ룬ǵʱ֪ʲôͶһ۶
ǧһתŹڵϵỊ̇˭룬̾Ȼʼδ
򴽰꣬ʶοȥһۡ
νĿ䵽ϣɤĮ޲ȷʵˣǿ룬Ϊ
ұ̫Ըţ˵ûɲˡ
̣㾹ȻƳ롭ҽỤ̋ϣܴϵõ࣬㾿ʲôˣȻֶ
һ̣Ѿûͨˣð̶ʲô̿һۣǲ˵
ڶţǧֻ˵̽**Ѫ˰׳УѪһʳ׳ľ״ͻúܲãԣЩӰ׳Żᾫήңɫѿĺܡ
ԣ֪ΪЩӰ׳һ˯ģԭǱ̸ˡ
뵽˴ָŰ̵ıӣʵ̣㾿ΪҪô
׳ָ⣬ҲҪ֪ࡣ
**ѪҪʮʱܽѪʳɾǧһ̵ֵۣļƻð׳Ϣȥʱ򣬿˵͸֧ʲôģҲ鵽ϣʲô֤ݣǱУ뽫ȫȡͻȻȡҪȥѧԺϢɣЩ̲סˡ
ǧۣһʱŮǳǽ뷨³ˡ
Ȼ²ΪҪô
뵽˴̹һЦʤĸо
ǧЦ⣬üͷջĿ⣬˵׳ʱ֪˰̵ݣʹðҪɱڣͱǷ֡
䣬ǧỤ̋촽΢΢ƿԣ㣬㾿ΪҪôأ׳ֻӣôΪ˵İʯ



1280 ʶһŮӣ

̧һ˲Ͷǧ˫˫ĺݺһ󣬲ʼ翪ڵûΪʲôҾǿ׳ˬ뽫ɱѡ
϶ԭ򡭡ǧĦ°ͣͳȻ㲻ദô޷İ취
ҧأǲ
ǧüͷ˲ΪֻҪ˵ͻల˰ɣ
̣㾿ΪҪңʣδ˺¡׳ɫҰףһʹģһ˲˲Ụ̋Ҫ˵
ϧ̲Ϊ۶û׳
׳ҧ˫˫죬Щҡҡ׹
ǧ뺦ӿգͳһöҩУЩѪͲϣɡ
ҩڣ׳ֻȫů⣬ģҲ˼ղŵѾ̫ˡ
׳Щϲգգ۾ǧȥǧЧҳĵҩԺ󣬾;ˣҲǰЩǰˡ
ǧһҲ䴽Ц˾ͺá
׳𴽰꣬ȫǾϲ
̼׳ָһЩõɴ˫ôѾʳ˾ѪôͻȻ
ţȫû뵽ǧֶΣЩҩѵɵ
ǿ̵ɻǧ££ۣЦʲôɼңֻһЩССĸ߽׵ҩˡ
һٴεɴ˫
ֻһЩССĸ߽׵ҩ
Ǹ߽׵ҩôôƽûѸ߽׵ҩһ
Ŵ꣬һʱ㱻
ǧ̵֪˼Ͼؿ̣°׳ѾûˣļƻҲѾգĲ˵Щʲô𣿡
Ŀ⣬ĿȫǲʣֻҼˡ
ǧ
ʱ򡭡Ⱦ˷ɫͻȻվʵ̣ʶһаŮӣ
ǧȾȥһʱ侹֪«ʲôҩ
飿
ŮǺˣȾΪҪʱʳ
ʶ߿˿ҲԴһ¡
ֺ󣬰ҺͰ̾һϵҲ졣߷ߣҰײҵģɰ̵Щ΢ˣ廳İ⣬ܸоЩ졣
ô֪ģȾϵ߷߸Ũ񣬷·Ǹʮ⣬ˡ
ȾЦؿ
ǧҵıô΢üͷѵǵܵλˣ׳
򣬰ҵıôܴһ
㣬㵽ô֪ģͷѻرǵǸֵʱŮͺҰ˰
ȾվڹδЦøĪ⣬Ǳô֪ģֻҪشϲʶͳˡ
ҧһʱû˵ҲƺǲԸǸˡ
̴ŵ棬ƺǲǿе⡣
͵ȾΪҪĬȥʱһԵİ׳ͻȻ˵һ䣬飿׵ְ
ȻûԼף׵֣ͽа飬ǸҰܵСˡ
뵽˴׳ƣҲ˼֮ɫ
ԣǧʶ׳ȥ汻¶ˣǸаˣǸҰܵˣȾʣѲºͰй
ǧ𴽰꣬ĿȾǲ֪ȾʲôʱЩİ
ǲǧǳɻĿ⣬ȾЦŶգգ۾ǸģЩ֣һʱ仹ͦȵġ
ǧһЦ
Ⱦḧ䣬ٴο˵õϢǰ׼ҵĶˣǰ׳ĸ°׳ͻȻˣҲӰ
ҵɫѿֻͷñӸ˼֡
ȴƣЩʹڻʲô
Ⱦעÿ˵ı飬ֵһ鵽̺ͰĹϵУȻǰӲ¶һЩ˿ġ
һͷһ£̾ȻͰϵУ
ôˣȻһ㶼֪ҽỤ̋ɳѯʣ̣˵Ŀģ
Ҳ֪ȾΪλ鵽Щԭأһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲôá
ڵ죬üͷ϶ĺͰϵˣôˣȻڲصô˾õ
㾹ȻǰϵСұɫָŰ̵ıӵ̣ڲصôʲô



1281 Ϊʲôأ

ҧ
һ鵽һȤ顣Ⱦ𴽰֮꣬дżִζδΪ׼ҶǰͰ̾лԼϵģΪ׳ǿȡᣬʹûܳס
ԣڵ龹ͰлԼϵ
Ȼһ㶼֪ôͻȻǰ׼ΪʲôѲɣΪ˰飿
ĳӣѵͰйأ
˵ǲǸˣָŰ̵ıӣŭȵ
ʵܲе߷ԣĸԼŮ˺ͱܵģ
ŰǸ߷ģ̾ǵ͵Ц
ɲü֮侹Ƕ˼ֿ⣬ϲǸ߷ģͺ޲ڸضȥƵģȤĺܡ
ЦӣʵЩܲˣЦʲô
ҡҡͷûʲô
ҽỤ̋еĺһǲ㽫ˣ˵㣬ôͻȻǰ׼ңһҳϵģԭ㾹ȻͰʶһֱұС
̴ĬţȴҲĬš
Ҽˣһ޲ýɱ
ݺͰôһԭأǰȷӦ˹˰һۣüмɣǼҸô꣬һֱڿҿңҳϣôܸɳЩ飿
Ťͷ˫ڰת㻹Ϊ˵
ŵõһ
۾Цҵˣƽ̵ĹϵãǱŷҪΪˣ
һæҡҡͷûУֻǾð̶ǰ׼ʵҳϣǾ᲻Щã
ô᲻أЦһȾ˵ˣĹϵټĲô
Ŵ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
̼һֱΪѰݣЩ۵˵ңΪѴүһжҵĴ
һŭ㣬
̲ͷ
Ⱦָ⣬ƮƮһ仰ҲĲӦѾˡ
һס̲һӣģʹ
ʲôѾˣ׳Ȼɴ˫裬˫Ҳʱʧ˽ࡣ
ôأ
ôһεõ׵ϢȻѶ
׳ƣʵڲȥЩ
죬Ҳף̱ͦƽ׳лţȻֱӣݺݵ˰׳üۣ·аһһ
׳ĵһһʱ֪Ǻá
Ⱦ壬˵ѾˣǧüҲĺ棬˵ΪΰҪɱ׳أѲɣΪ֮֮У˰׳ķˣɱģҪǶϣ
Ҳɻ󣬲Ⱦȥ
Ⱦڰ֣һЦʵҲŲ鵽һ㣬лҪһȤ飬ҪҪ
ʲôǧü¸Ũ
Ⱦ˫һ£ţʱǰǲʱ¶ӵģ˵ĵԴһЩĶӺСһЩ
ʲô۾Щ֪ˣʲôȤĵط
ȾЦãȤĻںءʱĹϵҪãӳʱ򣬰׳ͷ£һֱڰߵȴǰ̡
ԣҵԴ죬ɫѿ
ǾȻôǧ׮££Ȼأ
׳ȴô˲׺Щ㡭ģͷϺµģһʱܵ
Ȼ󡭡Ⱦϸϸһ£ЦЦĴζŨЩǰиѾͻȻ̱һмѾߺ棬һ·Ụ̋ͷְ̱˰׼ҵӵСУʱɫţٵɫˡ
̵ɫҰףȾٴһЦ˵㵱ܵճӵСȥʲôˣΪٵɫˣ
ƯƺԲߡ
òԾɫˣѵʵ͵
뷨һҽŲģݺͰ׳һۣɫǸӡ
ɫˣǻ˺ӣǧƳĬ˫ȾЦ⣬ͺ档
μǸЦòõģЩΣһЩ
Ŷǧʼ磬Ӧһ
Ǿ任ӵĻԺ󣬾ģĺܣ˵˵ﻻ˺ӣûУǱң



1282 һģ̳ġ

ôǧ;ô²Ծټݵ񣬳˴ȰǾ͸ԾˣѲɣĻ˺ӡ
ûлӣôʲôǧЦһǰЩӼ㿴ݵЩԾ˴ȰѲɰݲǰĺӣ׳ǰ׼ҵճӣ
һȫ𾪣Ĭ
ôܣǸ׳ȻƼҵĵճӣ
ݣȻӣ
ǶԵݣ
찡һϷȻһҲһЩ㱣ݶԵˣ
ɡǱ˵˵ǰ׼ҵĵճӣٰĵճӣǱΣһӻ
ôǰĶӣǰ׼ҵĵճӣ󣬶ǰ׳ԶӣԶҪڽ¡
Ҳˣǰǰ׼ҵĵճӣǱ룬˵˵
ʱ˵鶼Щ΢
ǰ׼ҵĵճӣ̵ΪҪң޹أӦҪ򶨲Ŷ԰ɣ
ģʵЩԾ
һ´˰ݼۣǱˣǾȤˣУܾðѵǰ̵ĺӣ
ͷȻһҲɴ˼֣˵˵ǵĶӣǰ׼ҵѪ
㼤ʲôֻһ˵ѡ洽Ц״Ʋ˵ģľðݺͰҲ񣬵ǰ׳Ϊơ
ָоЩ΢ˡĻ˳˼
ҲݺͰ׳˼ۣ׳ģȷʱһģһɰݡòһЩ
Ҳ˵һҲɣϸ̣ܰݼΪ
˴һҲ˼֣ѵƽΪ鱦ĵճӣ治ԼĶӣͼ˵Ķӣ
뷨һֻͷѹֵĺܣҲƽˡ
ôһ׳Ͱ׳رءǧͻȻڣĿ䵽ϣֺȾȥ
ͻȻȾúܣö̶̼仰˻˰ݵݣǰҲɣȴЩ벻͸Ǹͨ͸ˡ
ֲð̻˵׳˭·׳ǰ׼ҵճӣǵȷǵ˵·һһٵģܻдһ졣
ˮֽŵģȻǰˣϣ׳ݱҿһҿܵճӵҲᱻҿ
Ͼ׳˰ңƾǸģܹ˻ɵġ֪ˮвԺ󣬾׼ɱ׳ڣΪǵ·ߣ֪ͱǸˡ
ǧüϸϸڰϴţ˫۾İŹâ
ЩܲסǴͷ
Щ״Ƶ٩Ҳܿ촫˰ҶУ˫ͷ΢ԽԽŨѵ治ԼĶӣ
Ȼôô˶˵Լ
ǧҲðݲң˲㱣ʳⶼû˼
ǧôɣЩȣȻô˵ЩӰɣð׳ҼҷҲΪġ
ŤͷŷΣϣܸԼһ˵
οƿݵģȷܰ׳Զǰ̺ͰǱȽġ
ϸһһģ̳ģֱ¡Ȼһζô࣬ǰݵȷЩˡ
Űݣж˼̽
ôϸţݵȷԼһ㶼Ҳĸף͹ڵϵİкܶƵĵط
Ǳӣ۾Ǵֱ꣬ǰ̵ķ桭Ŵ꣬еԽԽŨңǲĺӣǲǰͰ׳ˣ
ĵôһоΪʲô
ԼĵճɱŤͷС˰׳ۣԭأҲ֪Щʲôģ㶵ġ
ȴǾŤˣǺ˵Ķӣǰ׼ҵĵճӣٰġ
ۿģøңʮˣ˽ҵǰ׼ҵˣ϶ǰ׼ҵˣǾΣѡ
һԵİͻȻ̧һ䣬ǵճӣĵճӣ׳ĪҪΪҵ飬˸ӵ֡
ҧһ˲侹Щҡ
ǲ治˵ľǰ׼ҵճأ
˾ᣬȾźڷͻȻЦ׳ôĻǰЩһѪΣ
һ΢΢סȷǸð취
һֱӿڵѪ׾͵Ѫףٰĵճӣʲôµģ



1283 Ĳǰ׼

ͬˣҿһۣһɫ
ݵͷȻˣҿɲ뱻ᣡ
һ˲Щҡ϶ǰ׼ҵĵճӣײӦҲǿ԰ɣ
ǾЩûףԲδ˵ЩʲôֱӷԸȥ׼һˮ
̼ҪѪףЩȻվ𣬿ŰҵҲ˺⣬ңǰ׼ҵĵճӣİ
ղŻỊ̇һ˲ر𼤶Ҳðҵ˵΢
ҽỤ̋ͷϺµģ̣ôʲôѵйŹ֣
̵ɴ˫ЩƮûУûйŹ֡
Ҽˣִߴһˮ
⣡
˫ȭҲЩףղŰ̵ľٶʵ̫ŹˣôʲôܵѪһ
ѵġݻһ뷨̣ϴ̼񾭡
ûһ˾ͽˮˡ
Ҳ˫ָ֣ϵƤƣֻáδһѪ˲ˮС
һ֮󣬰ҾŰݣʾԶˡ
̿ˮ΢ĺܣϵʱղסǰѵ
ֱֻҪһȥͻᷢ츲صı仯ԣô
ݿٽӷ£ƽľҺȻð˵òǰ׼ҵճӣΪҪѪأǼ䲻صģ޷ܡ
üղŴӦĺܸɴ࣬ôͱˣ
ѵʶʲô
Ҳֻһʽѡվһ࣬ЦȻǰ׼ҵĵճʲôµģһѪȥ֤ݣҲõӱϧ㣬ʲôõأ
ҧģĺܡ
ǧҲվһԿϷǹŴǣ֪ݻôֻô
ʱ򡭡ٴŵ׳ʵڲܵѪװƻǵĸ֡
͵ǰҪϵˮ䡣
ǧ˫һᣬһӾסӺϣ˻̣㻹Ǳȥֵĺãǵļ£ƾʲô
ⲻ˼֣Ϊǧץźϣҷ֣֡
֣ǧЦ⣬ȥװˮ𣿡
һ㶣Ʈ
ü̲ʲôöݣĶӡ
һҲˣĵѪױУݣָưɡ
ҧŴ꣬ҡ
治ǰ׼ҵĶӣǸô찡
״ӣô֣Ⱦ˫ֻأĿȴڰ϶ţЩְɣɱ˷ǵʱ䣬ϾѾˡ
ҧҧץ𵶱
۾ƹˤƵָϻһ
ѪҺʱ򣬰Դ죬ɫѿ˼֡ˣľӪһһˡ
Ѫʱ򣬰ţѪڣųʱ򣬰ҵɫˣǳŨŨŭ
ܵҵŭݾ뵽ʲôһ˲ɫɷס
ʱΪ²ҵʵˣ
ҧгݣֱ˦˰һƣžһʮ㣬Ҳڴ쳹
ɫָӡȻڰ֣Ҳһ飬Ҳ˻ΪҪң
ҪҵԼʲôɡüÿһۡ
ͷһ̳ˮпȥͼѪûںһ𣬷ųĺҲֻİ˲ŻķӦģȻںһ
ݼˣֻԴ죬һʱ˵һ
ݾȻĲǰ׼ҵĺӣӵɵôһʱҲûзӦȻ²⣬濴ĻԺЩԽܡ
ʱ׳ҲЩ㶵ģݲǵճӣǰ׼ҵĺӣѵǵԵ
ǰ׼ҵĵճӣ
뵽ô磬˲Щ΢ˡ㾹ȻĲҵĶӡЦŤͷ̣ŭȣ̣ôƭĺÿడǽմʦڴ˴ǲһӶ֪ˡ
Ŵ꣬Ȼ֮ٴα׳ϸЩˮȻǱֽţȥˮòãݿ϶Ķǧȷġ
Եĵ϶Ǳֽˡһ˲ѪʮˣһֱߣܲŶأ



1284 Ҳ

ҲȴŤͷ˷Ρ
ǰһۣ㿪˵ˮܸɾûбʲôֽţ׳ɰʹá
֮˵Ѫ׵ĽȷģûκεĲ
һеǸҺȻϣٴα˶ʮĶӣ治Լĺӡ
Ǹ֮ĵĺӣǰ׼ĵճӣ⵽ʲô鰡
ڴǰ潫׳ɱˣһҪʹ൱У
ֻԴЩۣһʱ롣
ʦô˵ˣǰݶȻǰ׼ҵĺӡعЩŭǰ׼ҳԳԺȺôˣռ˵ճӵλӣǿɶ
˵˵Ҿǰ׼ҵĺӣһǣݳͷš
ܵģ
϶ǰ׼ҵĺӣǵġҲĴ󺰴УŤͷֱ˽̴ȥһˮ
ʲôֲۣܾõԤС
ľȻѪˡ
ң㲻ô̲ͣţѲ
ҿĶӣҺôͼһ˵ѪأݳͷоԼͿҪˡ
ûãˮͱҷԸ˽ǵָ
˲Լ
˲ʧԣһץסǵ֣ͽǵָѪʱ򣬰ҵɴ˫š
ûһѪҺȻ漣ںһ޼䣬ɷָҼˣЦһҲżðǹȻǸӡҺÿడ
еһУ̺ͰľȻԭأصԺֻ֣ˣ
ǧһȴϷÿ˵ɫͦ΢ġ
ȥģݻǰ̵ĺӣһ˵ĺӡɾһˣռ˵ճӵݣõõһУҴ˿ֻ̣ɱĶ˰ɡ
û뵽ݣ㾹ǰ̵ĶӡŴǣһֻҾ˵ôǰ׼˳öͬԭǰ׼ҵĺӣУ̹ŹŹֵֹģΨ㻹ԭôһϵ氡
ݵԴһը˰һۡ
곤Ƥľһ㣬˵ĵͼƣһ˾Լĵ
ôĻһǲţôܻǰ̵ĺأݲૣǱĺܣȫƸҹӣǸصˡ
ǧҳٳٲϱ̬һ䣬׳µ㣬׼δأ
ܵشһʱδ
ǧʼ磬Ҳż
һǰܣľȻɵڵϡ
һж˰뵽ԼĶӹҸҪǻҪ߹˿ۣԣ˼
գԼĺճӷУôǽˣӶСƲʲôġ
ְɢϢ˵׳ǰ׼ҵĺӣǸҰ֣һҶ԰׳мһˣð׳𣬶ֻҪ֮ͳˡ
û뵽׳Ȼǿôӵ¾ȻܳɳڴڼԾδ׳ۣԣ𽥰
ΪⱲӶ֪׳ݣ˭룬ЩԺһоͶˡ
뵽˴ǼۣȫǺͲʡ
ǧĿ⣬üͷһ˵˵ɣôΪʲôأ
ɫĮȻδ˵
ǣǵ
һ׼Ҿףð׳Ѫס
ôУòײŰ׳ǰ׼Һӣôڴ¶¶
ԣˮ˳ɴΪܹ֪ģȴû뵽Ǹ·ľȻǴ˵еĴʦǸ¸֮ˣ
ܿʶԼСϷһмƻȫˣԣܿڶƲڰ׳·з·룬Щʳ˵ѪҺ׳ҲϢʱû˻ỳɵϵġ
û뵽ļƻһգǱʦŮ˴Ƶģ
ģǳĲġǣʱѾܵתˡ㻰أΪҪôͻȻعĿֱ䵽˰ϡ
ʼղ·ֻҪǾͲΡ
˫һᣬֱֽסҿסĲӣݺݵĶӣ㲻᲻ܲ˰ɣ㲻ߵңɾҪûˡ
㡭ЩؿŰңʹ
ΪˣȻĲӣҪأ



1285 ӡ

ңĺúݣЩſЩңֻۣҪ㽫ſʲô˵
ҵɿһЩȴδݷſ˵
̵һۣβסĺ⣬ΪҺ㰡֪𣿡
üʾȥ˵
̽ξǹЦЦЩȴųĺ⣬鱾лԼ㾹ǽҵİߣףΪ׼ҵĶˡ
ɳƣЩܲס
Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲôãٷİ鵱ǼģƵġ
һʱ䱻ס붼ûֱӽ˸˹
û뵽Ǹ龹Ȼˣһɫñӡ뵽˴ҵɫЩѿżֲʺͺ⡣
еĲʣЦ֪𣿰Ϊ˲һǸҩǳҩþΪˡ
һͷһʲô˼
򴽰꣬ǵ⣬˼˵δӵй飬һֱһֻһ㣬ֻǻڻþаˡ
Դһը
ǾȻһֱҩΪúǻþ
Ǹ飬̴ڰ׼˻áˣǸˣҳ˫ŭ
۾üǳң㲻飬ûʸ֪𣿡
Լ***ָıӣٴŭйŭ·Ҫ˺ѡ
̹ȻԣɹЦݣڻʲôôô˵أ鱾лԼ㣬һˣﻹЩ飿
ᣬĿڲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧЩԺҲƬ̵𾪡
ʵû뵽꾹ᷢ飬鲻һ𣬾˲þҩһ𣬲˰ݡ
̫ˡﶼôд
̿Ѿİң˵ţҪ֮󣬰ǻˣǵĺӣǸкܿɰҲһſҲ£˽ӵ˼ĻǶĺޡ
̽Űңеĺ˿ΣҰҵĺӸ㣬ĺΪµӣɢҥ˵׳ĺӣԣŭ㲻ʣͰȫڰ׳ϣɱǺ˼𣿡
ָӣӡ
ҾǷӣҲǱƷġŭ𣬡ҺͰ鲻ܹһ𣬶ĴԣҺҪ㣬ֱֻʹ飬𣿡
ҧ
ֹ̼˳ţˡ
һɵɴ˼֣ô᣿
Ҳ㶣Ǹ׾Ȼˣ˵Ұôˣ
ºӺǾͼƻܣΪʱӵѾԵˣǾʹ㽫ڰ׼ңˡ̴ʵ˵ܿ죬ǾҵߵĻᣬҼǵǰ׼ҵΧԱʱټլѾûʲôˡ
üͷ壬ǵõʱӣȷΧʱ䡣
̵Щ㱣϶˵ţɳƵͳʱҾʹŰˡ
ɫţŭҲܣǺôĵӰ
ûܵŭٴγǣʱ˺ӣӺܲã;ǲˡҽҽƣϧѾ췦
䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ԵЩأǧվһ࣬һʱҲû˵Щʲô
ݽỤ֮̋˲øӷǳ̣֪ӲãΪλҪӣ㣬ҲԲģ
ҧ˫ͷЩӣԼǰ̵ĺӣ֪龹ģľȻһĳۡ
ۣԾɲһЩӡ
ҧۿЩˣ֪֧Ųסҿ϶ߵġ
ܻȥ㵱˰׼ҵĶҲֵġ
Ȼǰһֱ㳶ס˰̵½ŭȵ˵Щʲôã˶Ѿˣ֪𣿡
̴ȥݣ֪Ѿûˡ
ݽɿͳӽԼֲһ飬·ʲôණһȷûõģȹɣ
һð춼֪˵Щʲô
˵仰Ժ󣬷·Ǳеֱ̱ڵء



1286 ȥÿ˵ķ

׳޹ܺߣվԭأβ֪˵Щʲô
Ⱦ˿ֿ˿Ǹ漴ѵ׳δȻˣöʣɰ׳ѧԺѧôʹĥףǲǰ
Ȼ
һֱصĺӣȻǰ׼ҵճӣʮһֱŷ˵ĥʹ࣬Щȫ֪ȴûֹ
ֻʣ³ʹͻںޡ
ҳ׳֣ӣ
׳վԭûйȥҲһ
Ŵ꣬һʱ䲻֪Σô࣬һʱԽҲǺģøһʱ䡣
һŤͷ̣̣ȻҶԲס㣬ô£ʵ޷ԭ£ԣҾýǰ׼ҵĵΣó
ЦһȫûԹԣʱͿˣҲͬʬ⣬Ҫǻһˡ
㡣ŤͷݣȻԹޣŭʮĸ棬²ȥ֣뿪׼ҰɣԶҪٻˡ
Ȼɴ˫ȫǲԸ⣬һֱڰ׼ңҪ뿪Ҹ棬㻹ȥ
򴽲
׳ǰҵĴͰһϵûУ;ܳǧҪȥŰҵĿô֡
üͷס˽߷ɵĳ嶯
Ҳģֻ뿪׼ҶѣʲôԣۣҲ˼ơ
̿ˮһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ҷ䣬ʾ˿Щ̴ȥʡﶪˡ
ǰʱǧͻȻ̣һһҪ㡣
̳ǧһۣ˫ͣʲô飿
ǧ䣬°΢΢̧ߣհҾ˾˶ӵǲǺйأ
뵽˾˼ҵĶΣ˵ҩ岻˥ҩŻᱻ׳һɱ
뵽շһУҲһ¡
գ㽫׳͸Լ˾ˣ˾ǸΪѪˣ׳Уᱻĥʬ׶¡
Ҳ²ѣ˲
̣ǲģҶ԰ɣָıʣȫǺȻɱ
׳ҲŤͷ̣ϴǼ£Ҳ˺ģ
ЩãȻգգ۾ûҩҿԳϣΨ£ġ
㻹ϣᣬ־뽫
ǧˣȻ׳ס֣룬Ӧǲ֪µģĴ¶ˣܶ޳ģȻԵʲôİɡ
һǧԿһԵİӶһ£ҲЩƮ
Īǣģ
ǧ𴽰꣬һ
Ըӣð׳ذ˼ǧô˵ҲôЩΣ˰һۣ˿㽫Σɣҿķ
һߣڵղŻࡣ
ҷ·˼ʮ꣬һӾ̱ϣⶼʲô¶ǧ˵׻˭ҩģ
ǧҡҡͷҲӦÿԲ鿴ɡ¹ȥҲûãҪƻֵķУȥĻӦҵ
һ
һԵİȴ뵽ʲôһӲͣɫҲɷ׵ġ
ǧ۾϶ˣҼҷ˵ҩƷǱȽģѰ˿û򣬿ЩһЩģӦþвˡ
һҲе̷Ըȥ飬ȥܼһиߵ˵ˣЩСķҲȥ顣
һüͷڻŮ
ûУֻҪһѡü
һ´꣬Ҳ˵ˡ
ҵķ϶ûʲôģܲȥ𣿡򴽰꣬ɫҰֽ֮и͸һĨ顣
Ҳҿһۣüͷ塣
ҧһʱҡ
Ҳ֪ʲôֻɫѿĺܣ͸ɥһֱǻ
ĿƿҲȥ
ǧڰ𣬺¶һĨĪЦ
δĿϣãǰģ
ǧƿ꣬ǳǾãǿ϶Ҹղ˵Ǽµʱ򣬰ݵɫЩԣ˵Ҫӵʱ򣬰Ҹһ޿ˣҾ͸ӿ϶¿϶йء



1287 ׼ôð~

󣬲˵ͷԭˡ
ǧָ⣬ЦһǱ軵ˣҲ֮ڡ
ͬصͷ
ûã˾һСˡ
׳Сҵһֽ֪ĶǲǳҪҵġ˵ţͽֽ򿪣һ˲ѩ׵ķĩӳС
Ҷŷĩɫ࣬ʦЩǲҪҵĶ
˼ۣҲЩ档
ЩֻǿһۣѾȷˡ
һɫѿеŭ֮˵ⶫĶҵģ
˫ʶݿһۡ
üݺݵۣʾҪ˵
ȴȻջĿ⣬ҲвģѾǰ׼ҵĺˣֻһ˵ĺӣ㽫˵Ҳġ
Щĩڰݹӷҵģ˳һᶨƵӡ
һúĿ˰ݼۣģ
ݻʶģȻ¼ԩңʮˣ㻹֪ҵΪҿ϶ǲɱ޹ġ
ҵŭȣΪҲ֪Ϊˣ㽾ԣĿˣȭߣЩݣҲһֻ۱һֻۣΪȫ֪𣿡
һζ˵
ҶݺݶԴһ飬ҩǲµģ
ǣݼ⣬϶ңûһ鷳׳㶨Ҫң
ǧʦôҿԶǧͷΡ
ǧȥҩ̲飬ʲô˹ҩƷ֪𣿡
˫һ⵹Ǹõ⣬ȥ顣
򴽽ǣͷϰµġ
ûãִϢˣȥҩ̹ҩģֻаݹźˡ
ȥǸ˴ҷ䣬Դ֮ȫ
ҧǰ亹ðôֹסˡ
һյĹ˾ͽߵ˴˹һۣü۵ˣһͲʲôö
ΪҪҩƷһţȫɱ
˲㱻ŵӣֻܿ޿˵׳СİɣЩǰݹСȥģ˵Ϳ߰׳ˣ֪ЩݼҵĹӶ׳ӲҪãƲð׳̡
Щģƿ꣬ǻŭй
˱Żˣ˵ȻģݹӲ׳Ӳ˳ۣҲЩݼҵĹӲ˳ۣҩȥݼҵĹְƵ׳ϣֱһ˫񣡡
ţݲǰ׼ҵĵճˣһ˵ĺӣԣ˵ЩûκεĹ˼ɣ
ڳԼԲ˫ں˵˵ЩָʹģҶԲԣ
˿ɥµҰûаݹӵķԸǽСһӣСĶ
ҡͷɫҰֽң϶ҡҪҰ
ֱһŽ߿˵һ飬ҵ㲻Ұ׼ҵĺӣֻһ˵ĺӡ
ʧЦһѾ֪Լˡ
ǧһǰ
Ⱦ¼鷢չ죬ͻȻطȥϢ
լ˻᲻ᱻڰ
ǻЩ̲סҪݵĽ֡
˵ΪҪҩΪҪ׳һƽľˡ
̧Ŀ˲䵽ϣЦұͿ׳ܲ˳ˣһҰֶѣƾʲôҪǰ׼һε˲Ǹã
üβ
üƹˤǰЩӰҾ˾˼ҵĶЩڽǣʳ˵ҩ֪ȥҰ׳鷳԰ŷ˵һĻ˳۵˶ˣð
ָıӣ˵
׳˴£˵ҪôͷأݽƺѾ׿ˡ
ֻЩѣһʱ֪ô졣
۰˶ʮˣһֱճ۰ǳ飬ָγͷأ
֪εʱ򣬰Ҿ˾˳źҹͻȻˡ
ңԭɱҶӵ֣
Ҿ˾˵һֹܵζ
˾ˣôˣͷȻһ󣬾ǾЩ֡
ŸոŪԭίҾ˾ôͻȻˣͷ·յʲôѶϢһŵİɡ
ڲǲǾҪˣҾ˾Ŀһɣ׼ħŪðͷһͷҲЩ⡣



1288 ʤߵЦ

Ҳ˼ⲻǲŸողҷ˷䣬һҾ˾ƾЩ
Ҿ˾ûŤͷһԵİݣԭһжģҶֻǸЩڽǰˣȴҩ㻹Ǻġ
ҡݱŻˡ
ԭ£ϰҾ˾ͺ²ѣҾ˾˾ħĥ۾գ
У
ðҷһ񣬰Ҿ˾һ᧿ΣҲǹģĲǹģҰɡǰץŰҾ˾˵Ŀȣǿҳģʮˣҿ϶иİɣˡҺòã
Ҿ˾һŽ߿Цһ˵ĺӣҲˣıʲô԰ɰң
򴽲
ȴǱŵɫҰףȻ֪ˡңҰɡҾ˾ָŵϵİݣ¶̵Цɱ֮ҿ϶ᱨģղңգһ㲻ܱһӵİɣϾǰ׼ҵĺӣΪҾѣ
һȻҡͷ˾ˣѣˡ
ҧͨʲôһľȻؿڵɱ㺢δþδðɣҾԲ˵һ֣Ͼǰ׼ҵĵճֻа׳
׳վһ࣬ЩԺ˵ĸоƵģЩġ
ɱϾĴ̫࣬˵Щʲô
ҾͰ˴ˡҾ˾һЦݾߡ
ŵ㲻ӵģǱ˾ԻģȾҰɡ˵׶ӣദ˶ʮ꣬𣿡
Ťͷ
ݵԽԽԶʧǵӰʧеٶȱ΢ѹ
̫Ѩɫƣ룬շ飬ǼЦˡ
ҳ󰡡ǧЦЦûС׳㻹ðɣ
Ұڰ֣ƣһá
ǧֿһۣ㲻
ʵЩۣûһվƣ۵ĺܣȻȥЪϢˣʦҲЩЪϢɣ黹Ƕడ
䣬ת뿪ŲҲЩġ
ǧ뿪ķ򣬷ıӰЩͣ·һ˲˼ʮһҲԣ췢ô飬۰˶ʮĵճӾ˵ĺӣĥ˶ʮĶӲĵճӡ
ѪϷԵ飬ȷ˺ܴ
Ҳȥɡǧ˵һ䡣
εͷת뿪
Ⱦ½˶ˣҲ̧뿪
ʱ򣬴ֻʣ°׳Ͱˡ
׳һۣЦøУ׳û뵽ǰ׼ҵĵճӣǰǱģŶ಻õ飬㲻Ұɣ
׳һۣȻûл͹
֮ſ˵ᣬİɡ
䣬׳ת뿪Ҳһۡ
뿪ıӰжʱЩ죬׳Ȼ˦ɫˣǰǾԲҵģȻݱˣҲűˡ
˶ţ뵽ϻһƿϵҺ壬ƿҺļ۸񼫹ֻһƿ
ǰǵճӵûж֣£Ǹ˵ĺӣܸӵϵҺ壿
ԽԽģڰҾ˾УָûϵҺأ
ҧڶ˼˿ʺͿƣû˫Ȼ
һݽϵҺ˷Уûдأ
һ룬Ҳվסһסȥ
ΪѾ뿪ԵʣסڰޱȣûаƵģɰϵҺ壬ûж຦·ЩС
ҪõƿϵҺ壬ħ޾ܱǳ
ƣڷ﷭
ûһȻڳҵһԲƿӣ͸»ƿϤĺܣװϵҺƿӡ
ҡһƿӣϵҺ廹гӯݻδüħ޺Һ壬ͱݣ󣬱Ҿ˾˴ߡ
뵽˴һЦʤߵЦݣޱȣ
鼫õĽϵҺ嶪ռָת뿪һҹû֪ƿϵҺѾߡ
ץߵİҲû뵽
ŰҾ˾˴ĥĥŹҰɡݲģһӡǣϵ˲佹ĵŧѪ
һ˲֮䣬ڲŨѪζζ˶ġ
ɰҾ˾ȴ˫üΪӵŰݣΣǲǸо



1289 

䣬Ҿ˾ٴսеӣڰϣٴ
ңƲϡ
Ŵ꣬غȣҪιȥȥɵϵʱʶޱ·ʲôεһ
ôǲǺۣҾ˾˴ЦЦ֮ŭȵʹҲţӦõĳͷ
һ䣬ֹĥ
ˡҰɣҺۺ۰ݲģһ˲ĥǿҪĥˣɱ˰ɡ
Ҿ˾üһѿס°ͣЦΪҪɱɱҶӣ׽ɱ
ݲһ£°ʹʹҲ˫Ť
Ҿ˾˶ֵʹǰɣܵĿһһֻ͸ҺúţΪһʹ˷Ź㣡
ʱ˺þãڴڼ˯˯ãԷԲ㣬˽ǰȻ׷ŹҪĥòйеĺ⡣
Ҿ˾򴽽ǣٴӲĥŰݡ
ݾͬҶһţҲڹӲдš
Ҿ˾˽Ŀ֮дźͿ˳ˣԼճӵǺٻŭ˺Щˡ
ɰݣû˸Ҷع⣬ֻһ˵ĺӣ㽫ĥҲġ
Ҿ˾˹Цµˡ
ݽŽɳƣҲڲͣ鴤ˣ·һҪܲסһݣ
ݿҪʱ򣬰Ҿ˾˿ס°ֱͣһöҩ
ҩ˲ڣЩ㱣ûһڵˣϵʹҲһЩ˴ӹŹ˻
֪ȻϲŰҾ˾ˣȫȻûлϲ˼ּɵͿ־塣
ƿ꣬ΪҪҳԵҩֻھȥΪʲôȥ
ȥûţҾ˾Ц˵Ҳһݳޡ
ңһʱ֪˵Щʲô䶯ƽ
ȴĻ޾ĥȿȡݲָ⣬뵽뵽ʲôһڱŷ⣬Ҿ˾ˣҪϵҺ𣿡
ǵãҾ˾һֻϵħޡ
Ҿ˾ҪֻϵħޱøҪϵҺ塣
ͻȻ˵ԿҾ˾һ˷·Ҳ˼֡
򴽽ǣ֪Լоˡ
ƿ꣬ٽӦ֪İɣǰЩȥ᳡һʵһƿ⾫ϵҺ壬ƿҺС
ǵճӣȻܹӵƿҺ塣
棿Ҿ˾˿еɫֶ˼֣ĶӹȻҪɱʵ΢ġ
ӿУϵҺȴٺ٣൱Ĺ
Ȼġݾץסʲôһ˫ռЩŤǲţȥˣ˶Ȼ֪᳡һС
Ҿ˾üҲˣʲôˣԣҪϵҺ׸ң
ǵġͷ֪Ҿ˾һϵħ˿̣Ҳ϶ҪϵҺʵԣԸ⽫ƿҺ׸㣬һһҪ󡣡
Ҿ˾˿üʵʲôҪ󣿡
˫СڵҰϵҺ׸㣬ҷ˺òãѾһˣҵҹӲдĻţǸ𣿡
ĥȥġҾ˾˿β
̿ˮͷһ£סҾ˾˵˼һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ҷ㣿Ҿ˾˻Ȼڡ
򴽽ǣһĵģǰˡңʵܲˡ
ðҾ˾ЦһͻȻ˵һ䡣
˫΢һ˲侹ֽѵĸо
Ҿ˾ֿһۣߣҲ˵̫磬ҵ鱨Ҷ
Ҳҵġͷ˵ϵҺͲеĳȥҷӦúܿͻҵġ
Ҿ˾Ӧһȥ׼һˡ
Ťͷֿ˰һۣṩ鱨ķݶϣͲ׼ĥˣͷУźš
ٶȵһүͷѡ
ա
ǧʰ׼ѧԺִһҵ
üüͷô£ͻȻô֣
κͷϲҲͷɴ߳
ϲ۾˯ʵʵףóô°



1290 ڸ

ǧȫʰãԺŴ򿪣ȴʲôûƼ֪ҪҪȥ
ϲһͷðǹȥɣе棡
ǧ䴽һЦŤͷʱ͸εĿˡ
Ŀִż͵ζһ˲˳С
ǧԼָ⣬ЦΣһȥ
εǳǳĵţá
ǧջĿ⣬ǣֳԴȥ
Ÿ˼ͿҾ˾ڶղŵĳģǼ̫ףҪȥȴһڵϡ
˾ˣôˣҼڵģԿЩۡ
ô㲻ӭңҾ˾üȻź˵ײ֮
һһǼ˾˵ģҲ֪Ϊʲô˵ɷŻ˰ɡ
ҵȻǻӭ˾˵ģ֪˾˽ǰν°򴽽ǣģԲʲô¡
Ҿ˾˿һۣȴδ˵ֱӳݵķȥ
Ҽˣƣ˾ˣǸʲôǷѾˣ׼һ㻹ǲҪȥĺá
Ҿ˾ûУء
ᡣ
Ҿ˾ʲôרȥݵķ䣿ǧ˫ֻأЩơ
ǰݸ˵ʲôƿһƬȾ貵Ĺ⡣
ǧһǲ˼֣˼Ҳת˺ö飬ˣܲסĥ˵һЩ԰Ҿ˾顭ƿϵҺ壡
ĵͷڰݵĳ룬Ҳֻˡ
ǧЦϵҺԼһ·ԣ˽һƿҺڷҼǵãҲƿҺܸȤġ
ҡҡͷ֪֪ˡ
ǰ֪ˡǧһԴ֮ŴЦ⡣
ϲֳǿһۣЦףϵҺܲ˰ɣôõĶڷеĻ϶˷ҵİ
ҡָ⣬ģ棬˵Ļȴ棬ּΪͨ͸ĸо
ǧЦʾȥ
ϲֱ죬Ŀȥ
ʱ򣬰Ҿ˾ѾڷзңĿȷֱǼ룬밤򿪣ȴδϵҺټһƿƿ޹޶ûС
Ҿ˾˼ˣɫֱӾͱˡ
Ǳƭˣ
Ҿ˾ַһֵȷûϵҺӰӺɫüΪѿͷ·Ҫɱһ㣬ǰֺرı
վڷ⣬ϵڲϱ仯ţͷһ˾ˣͻȻõΪΣôڰݷзˣ
ЩֲװҾ˾˵ľٶ
Ҿ˾һҲܻ䣬ֱӿ˵Ǹ˵ڷвһƿϵҺ壬ҲϵҺȡԼҾòʹӦˣ˭֪ҲƿϵҺˡ
ҲЩסô˵ģ
Ҿ˾һȻΪ˻ͻȥˡ
ǸҧгݣƿϵҺǰ׼һģ񣬰ǹˣ
Ҿ˾˳һۣԴ̵͹ɣֻҪõҺ壬Ǹʲô
ϵҺǰ׼ҵģ˾ĪҪҺ⡣ͻȻô˵һ䣬ŪðҾ˾ֱü
üһɭңڸ𣿡
ͬüͷڳҲڴʱŷҲԣϵҺ屾ǰ׼ģ£Ҳδǰ׼ҵĵճӣϵҺȥֲ
Ҿ˾üͷδ뵽һٰӡ
üЦҲûðϵҺѾڷˣҲ֪ȥĶ͵͵˰ɣ
ͷһ
ϵҺ徹Ȼڷˣ
ɲڷֻĶ
Ҳ뵽һƿϵҺڰУܹЩ뵽Ͳᷢˡ
Ұպޣȴ˵Ǿ˾ˣƿϵҺ壬ԣҸûнϵҺ𡣡
㣬ĪǻϵҺԼ˲ɣҾ˾üɫЩѿ
ҧܾôʱеΡ
Ҿ˾˼ɫѿ˭֪ϵҺĴڣ
׳аɡ˵ɫһǼһֻϵħޡ֪ϵҺ䡣
䣬Ҿ˽а
Ҿ˾˺ϾվţֻҪϵҺϢܵһͻȥ
ûһ͹ˣҾ˾ͻȻ˲ЩĻš


1291 ޳ܵѧԺ

򴽣һ䣬ŮʲôԸ𣿡
ҽĿ䵽ϣҪ
ʶһеĲԣһƳְݵķбĺۼЩ룬ţ
л˲Щ
ĪϵҺ壿
ϵҺѾߣǸҲԣǰԼĪѾɣ
ͷһк͸һĨ⣬ʱҲЩ겻
ҿһۣżɽʵǵã᳡ƿϵҺ𣿡
ͷʣ֪ƿϵҺĶ𣿻˵ûƿϵҺ壿
µһתҪλش
ûһ㿪ЦƿϵҺ岻ڰŮ֪Һ䣬ǰСĺܣŮһ۵ģ
죬һίͰ͵Ŀģ
ü㵱治֪
ͷģˣȫȻ֪
̾һͷ˼֣ôϵҺô᲻أ
ˣһЩ֪سݷпһۣСģϵҺܲڷУϰɣ
ϣӡ
洽ЦϣеĿռָ𣿡
ҵͷٴһ
ǰݻпռָģԣôὫϵҺڷУ
ΣհǿռָȽϰȫɡҾ˾˵ģһ𺣬˵Ǳǻƭ𣿡
Цŵͷпܣϲƭ˵ġ
Ҿ˾Щҧгݣ޲ýݸһˡ
һۣЩһ䣬Ҿ˾ˣΪҪƭ㰡㲻ǽץͷˣôƭ㣿
Ҿ˾һɫȴɱ⣬ܲסĥ˵ҪϵҺ׸ңһ·˭֪Ȼƭң
Щסͣ찡ôܹƭ˰ƭģھƭȡһ·Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ļ˲˶ˡ
ֻƭ˵Ļ
˾ˣˣƿ꣬һ䡣
ˣҾ˾ü
ҡͷЦôᣬѾǰ׼ûϵˣһϲƭˣЩ˾˵˾˲ģ˾˰ɣݱ
Ҿ˾һ鲻ɺ˼֣尡ǸҴȥͺú
ЦҲۡ
վһ࣬ع𴽽ǡ
һˣˣ
ǧվڲԶ֮һп˸ҲǵĶԻװס
ǸݽɫǧüһЦͽԼƲ壬أһ£ֻ°Ҫµˡ
Ӧһȴ
ǧֿ˼ۣʧȤ˵ҪôΰݣԵĵĺܡ
ڰ֣ȱȱǻȥɣҲûʲôֿɿˡ
˴׳ѧԺģ˭ô֮󣬾Ȼ˳լǹѪȤ
ţȥˡǣ֣ת뿪
ʱȾµǹˡ
̫ʲͽȴûźֻתͷŰ˵׳ھҪѧԺˡ
ôżһס
ǧҲЩ΢㶣ȷüӦߵ
ôͻȻʱˣ
˶ʱͣ½ŲҪȾô͵ġ
Ⱦ΢䣬ЦѧԺͻȻһЩ飬ҪȥУ׳ʲôװɣ
һҡͷôᡭֻǾЩͻȻˡ
ȾֻЦ
ǾͿЩȥɣõ¡ҴƣЩᣬŸոϻ˵ճӣûôദҪֿ
ҽ򴽰꣬̾ϢһԺһ·һҪСİ
Ⱦͷзִġ
ҴƣٴʵԺǼҰ׳أôû
Ǻӣôأ
ǿ˰ҵĹǺɻȾƿ촽һʰ񣬹ƹһͻˡ
ɷ°׳ˣеͷûС
ûһ濴׳һСǳ˵ҩԵʣ׳ľѪѾָɫҲúÿࡣ
⼸ճԵûӪҲƤðһЩҲˣƼݵģⲻͬ



1292 ŵħʦ

Ҽ׳ü忡ʣҲ˼ƣԶԶȥеճӵķ緶𴽰꣬Ҳ˼ֿο
ҪȥѧԺˡ׳Ҿɫġ
ȴüЦúȥɣ·ϵһЩ֪𣬵
׳ɫΪӣ䶯ŴҪ˵Щʲôһ仰û˵ǰ̫࣬ڻָ˵ճӵݣһʱ仹ûӦ
ңĵɱ޶ԣ
˵˼仰ڶ뿪
ٳŵʱǧ˷䣬ʳеɻ󣬡˵ôôѧԺʲô𣿡
ȾɫڷƮͣ۾˵ˣѧԺЩ˾ȻϮѧԺڲȥĻѧԺ˸жŰ
ǧ󣬲ЩסѧԺ˾ͻȻϮⲻǳıӵ
ͷѧԺЩɢ֮ˣҲϮѧԺǧЦǲ±ǵѧ𣿡
ǡȾŴģЩᡣ
½ָ⣬˵ѧԺѧӶȥؾˣֻʣһЩ̫ģѧԺȴװڣȻǿ׼ѧȥһ㣬Ƶġ
ǧüҲЩŭѧԺ˻޳ܣҳ˲͵Ϯ˵ȥҲ±Ц
Ⱦڰ֣ЦûƤûģЦ
ǧüǶģЩȥѧԺеĵЩʲôˡ
ȾЦЩ޳֮ˡ
ǧҲЦȥ֮󣬾ͽǴ򱬡
ϲֻСȭͷһԸ͵ǰǴ򱬣ǻ҇Nɪ
ǧ󣬲ЦϲֵԴ٩Ҽұײа
ϲָֽ⣬ƺе㺦ߡ
ǧģȻˣٴ˼ѣôôɰİ
ϲСһͺܿɰģ
ǧЦһ㲻˵
ʱ򣬰׳ȴڳһǳģƺǲ뿪׼ҡ
ȾˣƿЦŵ٩һ䣬׳ôһѷֵģ᲻뿪׼𣿡
׳ʶҡҡͷǡ˺ö飬һʱûӦҲЩӣ뿪Ҳõѡɡ
ȾļҲһİο
׳ЦЦȴǲ˵
ѧԺĴ½Ľ紦׻½ԶϹȥҲʱ򵽵ġ
ǲŸ̤ѧԺĵؽ磬ͷѧԺһȺΧסȺ˶ͬ·ڵģؿڴһͼڣͼšѧԺ
ЩǷѧԺѧΧſڣһģ۸ڶȫûѧԺ˷С
ǧ˲㱻ЦˣᳶǣһЩǷѧԺѧ𣿹ŵĺܣ浱ѧԺûˣ
Ⱦ𴽽ǣĿЦǲʱѧԺûʲôˣһЩҲͲΪˡ
ǧ󣬴ü֮ҲȾһЦ⣬ſɣǸʰɾġ
ȾĴָ
ǧһۣ⵭ģȴһѪӿ룬ġ
ʱѧԺ˻ڽҲΪѧԺѧȥˣ˸ҳӭսѧԺ˼ţͼѧԺҶ£ΪʤƷ
ʱѧԺʵܲˣһˡ
ǲҪ̫ţԺܿͻˣʱһ군
ǰԺĺܣǶԺġ
ǵвѧԺ˲ŭЦ
ǵԺڻûǽ˰ɣ
϶ԺŻˣŲҳء
ѧԺţѧԺ˱˫ࡣ
ǧǵĻԺ󣬲ȾȥŻˣŲҳȥ
ȾᳶڰЩεǺô£
һЩëСӣûС
ǧЦָЩѧдһЩ٩ζ˵ˣԲŲҳֵġ
ȾüһϵһգһģǺ˵ЩСһﻹŵĺܡ
ǽѵһ٣ǧЦָָЩѧԺѧһϷӡ
Ⱦ䣬ֹ⣬ȴԵȻҪѵˣҵѧԺĻȥ
ǧһֻۣЦ
ʱѧԺѧڽϡ
ûá


1293 ܹ

һźµ߳Եѧˣ׷׸óһü֮ȫǹͺСܼ˴һ
ܹӣô찡ѧԺ˶ڴвϳһֽ̡
ǰ˵ͦʵġѧԺžۼ֮ôˣ
ʲôžۼذſɶǷѧԺѧԺϸûԣ˭Ҫͷѧϰ
ǵܹӿɲǷѧԺĵһˣ
ĺӽܣҲ˿еܹӣڷѧԺǷѧԺĵһˣԣѧԺ˲Ż˹
ܳ࿡㣬ȴûʲô飬·û˷УҸоõӡ
գǷԺ֮ǰѧԺֽ̣ȴŲʲô˼վͷ紵죬ɢʱͬһɫ
ܵ͸УѧԺ˶ͷ˫֪Ǻá
֪˶ãһѧٴûǺʱ䣬ѧԺ󲿷˶ȥˣʱǳ֮Σ
󣬺Ƿǰд裬벻Ҫ˵Щеûģǻǿ˳ȻѧԺҶɾͲˡ
һѧԺ˷׷׸ͣģŲѡ
ŵĻǧʧЦȾ壬ܹӵľǺˣôţ뽫ǵҶȡ£
Ⱦָ⣬ƮƮ˵ܵģǰ׻½ҵСӣ츳ȷױ˫ϵħʦϵħѾ˽ˣټŶʮ꣬˵츳ȻĿ
ǧ󣬲գգ۾
ԭǣױ˫ϵħʦҶѾ˽ˣֲţŵʱΰڹط꣬Ǹѽˡǧתͷŷεָ̾һ䣬ôһˣһͷһ˵
ָߵһ䣬û
ߺ˲ǧϣһҲһȦһ뵽οüһβסС⡣
ǧչȥҲڷζߵϸȻˣǲôܽʦչҷأ
νëǰ״̣ԭģ
ġǧ䲻Ц
ü۳磬˼Сӡ
滹ͦŵģһŪԵЩ΢
ȾЦôȶˣΪεسǣ󣬲ӲͷƤ˵ʵǸԭѧԺѧǰãѧԺǰǽǣҲ֪ܴʲôЭ飬Ǹתͷ͹ȥˣټľ档
ǧ˵ŻȴǽȾĻ͸ˡ
üͷ壬ǸܾѧԺģ
ǵġȾɴЦƺûܷϡ
ǸûĵġǧüЦ˳ģѧԺҲǽ̹֪ʶĵطǶжǰҲ֪Ǵʲô˼
Ⱦ˫ֻأͬЦ˷ѧԺͰѧԺˡ
ǧٴüǸûĵİʲôʱȥִأ
Ⱦδų֣վԭأǸдģ·ЩֻιεһȿɣҪѧһģȻܳɲ˴
ǧһǾеǾȿɣҾͲţǻһֱţһ㵣ѪûС
ȾĿȴڴ֮С
ЩѧɶţûһҪȥ˼
Ѿ϶ʵãǷѧԺĶ֣
ѧԺŵĺܣǲ׼ϵҶ
ǣϵҶˡܺü֮Ҳ˼ַ꣬ҵҪҶҪˣЩ˻᲻Ϊ
һ䣬ѧԺѧĦȭƵģǿ첽ǰ׼Ҷ
ʱѧԺѧоܴܵ裬ҲܲסˣȻӴ߳Ǽֱ̫ҶѧԺ˵ܲģ
һ̧ܱĿ䵽ǵϣǳģǱ㿪ʼɡ
ѧԺѾһˣһΣĲˡ
һֻӲͷƤͷѧԺ˶ϡ
Ҫֽ̣ѧԺѧš
ܳǿһۣϵıʼնûб㵭ģ翵ģû˷һҲЩ̹



1294 

ãƴʤƣ˭˭ˣͽѧԺҶ£ˡ
ƮƮģ·Ҷǿп޵ġ
ѧԺ˵ܣǰôҲѧԺѧǹҲͰˣοҪѧԺҶȥҲ̫û˰ɡ
ǣͻȻ뿪Ϊ˺ͷѧԺЩǱΪ𣿡
ǰûҪ͵˼ֻ˵ˣˣҲὫҶյġ
һѧԺѧ΢Ҳ˵Щʲôˡ
ǳĬһٴοڣҲϽ˰ɡ
䣬ѧԺ̧°ͣһ⡣
ѧԺ˵ɴ˫ɫҵ
ܣ˫ϵħʦǰ˽׵ģЩĶ֣
Ǵĵİɣ֪Ǵ򲻹㣬㻹˵Ҳ̫ɶ˰ɡ
ܣǰǿˡ
ԣܲΪüͷûһ£Ժ˵ѧԺ֮һսҲģǿɡ
䣬ܱ㲻ȫء
ѧԺҲа˽׵˫ϵħʦܵĻǧʶȾһ䡣
ȾͷеģҲǰЩӱģǸ˽׵ľ˫ϵħʦʮңܲࡣ
ľǧ߶һ䣬°ЦϵûױǿܺúãҲвһЧ
Ⱦܵսǿϵ⣬ϵӣѧԺλҲǿĺܣľϵϵڻͨǺϣһʱҲֲôġ
ǧ͵صͷ
츳˾ȻôˡʲôǧüͻȻ档
Ⱦƿ꣬жųΣ׻½żҵĵճӣӵǱܿɰһЩ
ǧһתȻǰ׻½ˣӵܣ֪ϲʶʶȤˡ
˿̣ؾǧʡ
ǰڣҲֲšȾٴη䣬ɫĻȼ
ǧ䴽һЦ㲻
ʱѧԺѾˣɳһݸ߸ߵӣӳЩƽֿ۶ס͡
ǽ׳ĺܣӦǸߣͦǿġ
񲻴߰ǧһۣЦ
ȾٶȵͷȷߣѧʵҲǿΪ̫ĶʧûѡϣȻʵܣҲ֮һƴЩʱ䡣
ǧһ˹ԭЩѧʱȳǿ϶벻ǵԺȻδ͵
Ⱦֵڴ䣬˵ôֻѡ
ǧﴽ꣬ô˵ɡ
ʼ磬Ťͷ̸Σ˵ڼ֮ڣʱߴأ
̧ͷľٶҡҷ⶯ˣʮ֮ڰɡ
ǧգ˫ǾͿȥ
ӦһĿ䵽򶷵ϣ˴ѷ֣ƾУûһλѾ·硣
һֱϵһϵŪ˼ңһʱԴհ׸޷˼ֻƾű㣬׷Կ
ѧԺĿյϣϵϵħҫһ˲ͽ˴յø
ѽڽڰˣѱϵħ⣬ҲʹЩս⣬ȫȻûҪͶͷ
žһһϵĳ˦£ǧ۳
ѼˣһҪ㣬ǱϵʵǿӲٶҲ磬ƾô㣬ѲϮֱӳıϡ
ֻ͡úһ𣬺ܿͻһѪ
ѧԺ˼ˣĶ
û°ɣ
찡ôѪˡƺǰһЩ
֮£ѧԺ˾ԵޱȸˣǲϻѧԺ˱һĲֵ
ǵܹЩѧԺʵ˵ѧԺҿذɡ
ǰһܹӵ֣һûõС
ѧѧԺ
ɫ䣬ȫ⣬Ǵ򲻹ҵġ
һڣеŭɫۼǲģǷѧԺʵ̫
ᡰŶһֵǾվٴ򡣡
ѸһվͱıѩԭأǱѩִ̹ǵĺ⣬ɪɪüҲһ˪
ܾţûʲô飬㣬𣿡



1295 رִ

Ѿ˵̧°ͣûнѩߡ
ѧԺ˿ȥˣɤӴ
ܣסְ챻ˣ
ûԵĶɱѩߣŲס˰
ܷվţɲΪǣû䰡
û䣬ܽѩأ
Ϲأ
վԭأѣϣܴһĻǶôˣѻǲڣһӵģ
ܾǸӲͷڲɸֳһĨ͡
֪ͱҲܿڰԣѸҪͺ
ʮУȷʮ֮ڡǧЦ𴽰꣬ҵķΡô£˼ͱﻹܳǹİɣ
Ⱦƿ꣬Щ˵ʵɣܶԹⷽ漫ΪִţֻҪ˲˵䣬ͲֹͣΪϹأǰһĻ
ǧһüͷ壬Ҳ̫˰ɡһΪǹġ
Ҳǹģǲ벻ϹضѡȾƿ꣬˵һ䣬ңرϲǿд裬ǸΪĺսӣԸտʼŻôһš
ǧ󣬲Ⱦϴ˼ۣܵۺܸߣôϲİ
Ⱦʼ磬ҲûзϣѧԺѧ츳ãȻϲġǷѧԺ̫ɶ񣬾Ȼȥ
˵ѧԺȾʱβסŭ⡣
˵ʲôѧԺˣλҪˣȥǧü
Ⱦû˵ȥֱӽѾ¡
Ͷ־壬֫ҲЩӲ
Ⱦٸһöҩ
֮ɫԱһЩ
ȾͻȻ֣ѧԺһ£Ҳһ˲ٽĿƿЩҺӡ
ѧԺȴǸ˷ǳǿȾӰ
ԺˣѧԺʵŵĽ
ǰǻѧԺҶգ
ԺͺˣȻ治֪ô졭
ѧ˵ţҵĹһÿ˫۾ģʢ޾Ĺʡ
ȾҲ䴽꣬ûʱǾͷ𣿡
ѧԺȻҡҡͷ
ôܣԲˣȳսһˣȻʱ䣬ֱϵԺΪֹ
ûЩҲܺ£ǲڴ˴ģֻӲͷƤӭսʵ̫ˡ
ǸͲǶ֣ղλѲˡ뵽˴ǻЩ£Ⱦˣǲ۸ˣ
ܣ˰ȾվĿ䵽ϡ
ܵ㣬Ǿѧã˵Ҳ˼֣ȾԺ
ȾӦһĿ
ܻһǲӡ
Ⱦƿ꣬żЦζѧԺҪѧԺҶˣܵ˭ĵӣ
һ̧һ˲ͺȾӶˣǶڴвΨг²ߣǹȻҶͳˡ
ȾһѧԺҰŻвǼõġ
ɫһƸΪȥ֣ͦȾģоȻͦȻ˵ģЩ׽ʱͦرĿ¡
ǵģԺ˵ѧԺӭһλ˫ϵħʦҿǿ߶ԾԺҲҵ˼΢٣ֵǴѧǰֽ̣ʵҲְɣѧԺֽ֮ͦƽ
ƳȾЦЦɫ̿ˮ˶ȫޡ
ѡĻһӡȾЦǵѧȥˣǾͻȻˣǲǹİ
ҡҡͷǣԺģǲ֪
ŶԺˣȻȥ˶֪Ⱦüеķԣ֪ѧԺˣƣ
Ŵʲôû˵
أǻ𣿡Ⱦüһ䡣
վԭûжƣ̶ֻֽѡλںδֽһ¡
Ⱦڰ֣˵ڣȥˣǸɡ
ҡҡͷһִţߣҾҪд衣
ȾüִЩϲǣڡ
ͬüͷұźˣߣǿǿд裬ǲ뿪ġ



1296 һء

ᶨȫȻûаֿЦ˼
Ⱦ𴽰꣬Ц
ʱǧҲδ˳ǳóһ̫˵Ŀ⡣
ȴûһۣɽĿͶȾϣڴżᶨҲִš
ȾĿ⣬Щͷ۵ͷСӻִţ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ǿȾͷۣǧǰһ˵ǸѧԺһˣܣ
ֱԼ֣ܲüͷȻͻȻЩˣܣǺˣкιɣ
ŴһսǧһգͻȻô˵һ䡣
ȾȻҲûϵô˵Щһ뵽ʵôˡ
һܶᱻСֶŮݺݽѵģ
һս´ۣȴûпĵȼһʱʹƺ˼ʲô
ȼֿܣһûжֻһͨƽˣڶĵȼԼ֮ϣܼأʹ˿
ŮҲͶʮ£ȼôܻԼߣǰ˽׵˫ϵħʦǳǷѧԺĵһˡ
ǧܴ󷽷˵ǵģһս˭Ĵ̫Ҿ̲סȸߵ͡
һӲһͷ·ҵ֪һ㣬˵ˬ
Ҳˣָ֣̲סǱȸߵ͡
򴽣ĿƵؿǧ
ǧһЩ֪ĸˣȻÿ£
ҲĿЩԾڶĳθڵĸһرһ٣üʱ֮кͬںС
ϲֲһӣȻѸܹȥסҹĴȣѰ󱣻
ҹʶϲֱסҲô˿Լ̫ˣһɽҲÿ¡
ȴûвʲôǧ˵һ䣬㣬ѧԺѧɣ
εɫǧһ£ȴô˵һ䣬ѧԺѧǰòżģţȾԺ
ȾһôǵǧּѧԺˣĻҲûʲô⣬ôһ˲Ųɵ֮⡣
ǵģżġȾͷģ侲˵ţλа׳ģҲżģ㻹ѧԺǶҪһǰġ
ȾѰ׳һ£ֵ٩ƵĿܡ
ʶ׳һִۣ˵ĵȼЩֻһװɡѧԺʲôʱǵˣȻֵȼĶա
ǿɻĺȾֵǻϵħʦúöһ£вĳɾ͡
һȻصͷԭǻϵħʦֲȾҪսѧԺˣϵħȷԵħܶࡣ
ǰŮӣô͸ģȾΪΡ֪
ԭѧԺѧһսҲˡܵĿȣϵĺɫ죬ȣǿʼɡ
ǧЦðղ˵Ļɣ
Īʲô
Ҷ鰡ǧֵڴǣЦ⻪貣˭˾ҪѧԺҶժ£ɲա
ղŵȷ˵Щô֪ģ
ѵǸղһֱγ͵͵
ʵЩֵءȻġܵͷһӡ
ǧ֣ЦøģǾô˵ˣ˭˾ҪҶժ¡
ûʲôԣ˵ͷá
ţô϶䡣
ѧԺҲһԻ
ܹӱʤ
ܹһ
ܹӣѧԺ仨ˮǻš
ǵĻѧԺɫЩѿ
ǸͲʶǧҲ֪ǧʵֻΪǰ·ڳģûʲôʵֻոֳѣһܣѧԺҶͲˡ
ſˮȫǽǺͲ
Ժ˵˭һˣ
ǰˣѧԺҶҪȥ
ѧԽԽɫҲѿ˼֡
ȾǸģ𴽰꣬Ҫ£ĺܣ϶Ӯġ
ѧһԷġ
Ǹǧĵȼֻ֪һΪŮӣдԣⳤƯʲôأ
ѧǴź֪ô죬ѵŮ
һˡѧԺ滹鰡



1297 Ļ

Ժ
ѧǸҪ˵ЩʲôֱȾˣȴһŷѵԺ𣿡
ѧ򴽽ǣЩȻŵģŮ˵˭Ǹ֪ϸɡ
֪ڻʲôȾ΢䣬ЦǰͨѧԺѡΣѧԺѧϰʮ죬ʮҲȡùܶɾͣ˵˻
ǰ
ѧԴһը
ŮҲͶʮ£ǰĻֻʮɡټǰѧԺԻޱȣÿ˼ԴҪȥɻδнȻͨѡν뵽ѧԺѧϰ˵ûʵǾԲš
ѧ̿ˮ˲ըɿ̽ǧʵ
ǣǻǿŮӵʵýŰ
ǰҲŵģжأ
еǣȾֵڴ䣬ЦⰻȻʱ򣬿̽ʵδҲпǿ̫࣬صġ
һѧǵɴ˫˲仩Ȼ
ǿ̫ࣿ
ǿ١棡
θֶȾ˵˼ۣ޲Įѩ
ȾĿ⣬ʼ磬ǸȻӡ
ܿ죬νĿƿ
ȾӣҲû˵
ѧеɻԽԽǲԽǧȥҲ˼ڴ
ʱǧվ˵̬ɣȻԵúܣ·ûнⳡдϡ
з紵ǵһһ׵ģͺԵĺڰ޳ʱЩȤ
ǧҲ뵽һ㣬ǲ˼֣ʼɡ
ޱؿһۣᳶһ£ţʼˡ
ǧͬ𴽰꣬ܿһ˦һѪɫķ˲УѪ﷨ȣԣ貵ζ
ܼˣ΢΢һ㶣ܸܵȵԲͨķȣһ˲Խͱ˹ȥ
򴽣Ҳøޱȣԭ̫ǧȵͻȻò
ͨˣòȣöϣԣʵȻǿܳ
ܽǧһɫȻ
ǧ֪ľᣬѪ﷨ȵʱüһһɫȻŷŲս⣬սľҲԺӣ
ܼˣ΢΢סоͻȻһ
ȻϰʱʹδйǿҵĲ⵽ô°ܲҶ룬ǰ֮ˣӻ䣬͸ıϵħȻᣬһᣬٽıϵ
顱ıϵСǧķɳ۶ȥ
ЩСȻϸСûʲôǧȴܸоЩСϴǿϵĻֻ»ᱻҵƤζȻܲܡ
ϵСȥǧδ㣬վԭػеѪ﷨ȡ
ѧԺѧǧûЩź
ôվԭزЩϵСҪˣͲ𣿡
ѵûʲôʵۼС㲻ȥ
찡ɡ䶨ˣ
ѧߴߴ᲻˵ţϴǿҵĲ͵ΪСҪҵǧϵʱ򡭡һҵĻͻȻŷȣ֮ЩϵСȫڻǻһ̲ˮٴƲ
ڻǿǧӰһŻȼŵģŹɫЩƲĿ⡣
ѧǼ龰ٴ궯
û뵽ȻǻϵħʦɫģǱ𣿡
϶Ǳƽ￴Ļ涼ǻɫģȴƯɫ
ĺƯ
ѧǲ̾ţеĽŸҲʱȴˣһ˷ܷǳ뿴ǧôħ潫ܴ򵹵ġ
ôԶҶܸоȶȣĵȼ϶ͣ
ڰ˽ϰɡ
ܵĵȼҲǰ˽ףŮӦһսټϻϵħǿӮļʺܴġ
ѧ˲䰲ʱͻȻһѧˮǣǰ˽׵˫ϵħʦ˱ϵϵϵһӶԿϵħ𣿡
һѧ˲Ĭ
ѽϵħĽһӶԿϵħ
ֻǱϵħʦĻǧȡʤʺܴ󣬿ǰ˽׵˫ϵħʦϵħҲǳȡʤ
ѧŴ꣬еĲٴ
ϲּˣε°ڣЦѹôŰҲ˫ϵħʦʱóϵħЩ˻



1298 ǿ

δԴḧţȵóϵħʱǵɶɢȥ
ϲһǰɢȥ
ˣҲ𴽽ǣвš
ʱ򡭡ѧԺѧǾȣѧԺѧҲЩס
û뵽ŮӾȻǻϵħʦһӵбϵħֱǳǵԤϡ
ĺܣȻܽŮӴ򵹵ģ
ѧԺѧţܵĿҲŨŨĳݣäĿܻӮ
ȴһ˲Ĳţղսʱܵϵħȣ·ıϵħҪ֣Բһ˲佫ıϵħ⡣
ǣĿ𡭡Ѿ˽˰ɣôأ
ѵǾŽףʮףʥ׵İɣ
վԭûжһʱʧ˵ɽģӿսڲȼţΣϲǿߴˣԼǲû˼
Ȼ̧ǧţҺ
ǧżս⣬𴽰꣬ȻȾ˵һһϲǿսˡ
΢û뵽Ⱦ˵Լ
˵ǧƿԹ˵һ䣬ΪʦȾͦϲģΪҪͻȻѧȥѧԺأ
ܽëһųĬ
ǧЩεʼ磬ˣ㲻˵Ͳ˵ɡ
ܿһۣһŵǼʼɡ
ð
ǧü֮ͿٹȥѸٺܿ죬һӰ˲
ʱ˶סˡ
û뵽Ů˵ٶȾȻ죬ûһȻ󣬶ڴڼ䣬Ƕ֪ôȥġ
ȻҲû뵽ٶȻ죬ʱ򣬾Ѿǧ˺󱳡
ǿǳŪڽڰˣҲһĨѪ
ѧԺѧˣɽ
Ů˵ٶô죬գ֮͵ܹ̫ˡ
ǰµģǳɱУǼֱɱΰ
־Լ磬ܹŮ˳Կġ
ѧԺѧϰοԼҲǵܹӿ˫ϵħʦŮٿ죬Ȼֵϵħ
ܽϵħȫͶȥʱŮ˿϶군
ѧԺѧţҲĹߣֹߴţҲżäĿĳݡ
ʱܲߵѪպģЩǱǧеԣ֮лвս⣬ԭϡ
ǧĿ󣬲ɴ΢䣬ղŵһΣҪ𣿡
ųʣȻɣ
֮ͬʱϵħɲǣѩ׷ףҲһ˪֣ɲǣ汻⣬谭ǧǰ·
ǧһ٣еѩ巨ȻʱҵĻ˲ϵı˪潥ڻ󣬻Ϊһ̲ˮ
ѩڻܲţһ˦Ȼ֮һɽǧɽߴ󣬴̬֮
ǧԣܿͷͼɽȻѹ£̩ɽѹ֮ơ
ˣһɽߴǱѹĻ㲻ҲᱻѹɲмɲԸǲм֮ˣһ㣬Ȼ˱ɽ֮ϡ
֪ǧ˫һУٴλ䣬ʱ򡭡ɽҲ൹·Ҫǧһͬѹ顣
ǧͬ۾ʶܿһۣ¶һĨ͵Цݡ
ܵǴϱɽȻɽͬھ
Ѿ֪ܵĿģȻԸٴһ㣬ͬƮȻĺһ㣬һһźȻ
˵ľͬɽһǧľٶϺµġ
ҲȻǧǳģȻܸܴľ棬ǣȻͱˣᵽڻһս
ŮȻܶܵıɽ֮
̫ˣҶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҵĻ϶ɽסˡ
ɽ֮дģȻһ˸͵ֵסǧȻɾԾ˱ɽ֮ϣǷѰ˸ûеġ
ֹˣȻԾȥָѶȶη
ȻҲû뵽ǧȻҧҧһϵħȻš
Ҳ̲סٽϵħ͸
һʱ䣬ɫĹâҫգģһЩ
ϲ̧һϵħܵϵħҲһ˿϶ҪͶˡ



1299 ˣ

ϧײһˡƿ꣬üۼЦȫǳ硣
ϲæͷǰ׿ˣ
ЦŤͷ濴д
ϵħҪϮǧʱһ䣬ȫȻûк֮⣬ûãͼˣ泯ϵħ񱼶ȥ
˼ˣԭء
ǧǷ˰ɣ㣬ӭȥǿǰ˽׵ϵħҪ˵İ˽ţΪǧһ亹
ΪǧҪϵħеʱ򣬺һɫĵƿնһ˵ǿ֮ơ
΢΢סһʱûǴĶġ
ʱǵܵϵħײһֻá顱һײʱ򣬾һ˿һϸܵߣҫۣܿ쾹էֳһƯ񻨡
˶Ľ¸סˣһʱ侹һԾ̻ķʢʱ̡
ͻȻ䡱һƯͻȻըҲζ
һдԣղŵҲ͸޾Σյġ
̿ˮ̳ǧķȥ
ղϵħǳǧȥģûж㣬ӭȥȥҲ֪ôˣһ֣˸ղŵһС
ɵͻȻأ
ô벻ףƳͷʱǵһ£ҲŲš
ǿʲô
ǧУȻһɫĹâϵħĹâǾԲῴģ
âҫۣǧвţһ˵Ȼ֮ơ
ͣһʱ侹̼Щ㶵ġ
죬Ů˾ȻҲӵϵħǻϵħʦ
˫ϵѵŮҲǸ˫ϵħʦ
뷨˵ٴŵϴ˫ҲɵͭһС
ϵϵŮ˾ȻҲ˫ϵħʦ
ϵϵħŮӵˣŮôİ
ȻĽֻǱ˫ϵħʦƲĶˡ
˵ţǧûһ㣬һ㣬ܿ˵أϵɫҲڷƮ磬һ˲·ܴһȻƣڸǲ廪֮˼ɵǳ
ܶĿ⣬ɴ˴û뵽ǧҲ˫ϵħʦһǻϵϵģڸղţܵϵħۺ
ôԼ֮ϡָ֪ܽ⣬ȴҲ·ͨʲôһƿ̬
ˡ
Ѿ˽⵽֮Ĳܾ࣬ûҪٴȥˣٴǻ䣬ܻĺܲң䣬Ժͳˡ
սȭͷ˲ŷȺͲŮԺĿꡣ
ǧôɴˣЩȣˣ
ܵͷȫûκ̹Ȼĺܣʵ֮ϣٴȥҲ䣬αȡأ
ھ䣬պŬܻϵġ
ܵǧüͷһ̹Ȼʧܵˣʲô֮ˣһͻȻѧתѧԺѧԺ׸ʲôô
ǧº棬ִܼۡ
ܴ󷽷ţϵĺɫֱ紵죬ĵͣҴδϵϵ˫ϵ֮ˣյǴ۽硣
˵Щʱɫϣûκμʻ߷̵ζ
ллǧЦһ
ǰЩţʲôö񣬾Ⱦ˵һֻһϲǿսѪֻ̫꣬ŰִţԵЩͲ顣
սȭͷս˸һŬ׷ġ
˵Щʱޱϵ˲٣Ҳǧ˳ࡣ
ЦŶҵźˡ
ᳶеĹ߸Ϊ
˿̣ѧԺѧ̸ɫЩ΢ˡ
ܹӣʤδȷôܹأ
ǰȻ⣬䣬ܹӿЩɣ¶Ժ
ܹӡ
ѧԺѧһУȰοš
ȴδţľҲõľᱻ׸ı䣿
ƿ꣬˵ҵȷҲûʲôԣٴȥĻҲֻԼ
ǻ˵Щʲôȴܴϡ
֣ɺܵ˵ˣѶ
ԣѧԺѧ˫ŤͷҲ˼ŭ𣬸ȴǲġ



1300 ȥȡ

ȴ˵ЩʲôͻȻ䣬ҲܵĶֻ֣ܽί£ɫøΪѿˡ
ܽĿ䵽𴦣ûһ
ʱȾͻȻվܣλѧΣ
ܿǧһֽۣĿ䵽Ⱦϣһܺá
δŮӣǰĵһӡЩ죬òȡ˵ġǣǲǸгŵˣȾֵڴ䣬Цù⻪貣Ȼǳ
һʱûӦЩĪʲô
Ҷ~ȾõϳβͻȻգգ۾˳ëҲŲţղ˵ģ˭˾ҪҶա
ŷӦ˹ŵǸУǸȥѧԺȡɡ
ȾѹѹԼĺ촽ЦðһԹȥȡ˳мѧȥһæ
ܵͷȻᷴԡ
ɷѧԺѧȴըˣǲŵؿһۣȫ¶ſܺͲʣ˺ɤӣʱ
ܹӣ㲻ܴӦǰҶǷѧԺǱǶȥѧԺͻġ
ǣԺ϶ġ
ܹܾɣҲǷѧԺѧ޶ԣ
ѧԺѧ˵ţ̫ȵԵʣһ첱Ӵֵģǿġ
޶ԣƿ˵˾ˣӦǵȻҪǸһԼǷѧԺǲѧԺ𣬾ͱ˵ԹȥȡҶͳˡ
һѧԺѧҧҧʣܵĿҲŭɫ
Ȩû˷ȥѧԺȡҶɡ
ѧԺѧԺԶֻǸһŶѣߣѧԺңңţһǾĹϵǸоЩ΢ġ
ЩУֻǸˡȾЦܵļ򣬵Ǿʹ·ɣһȥ
䣬Ⱦ£ǧˣа׳һȥ
׳ѧԺ̫ϤȾȥ棬׳һЩܳˡ
һмؿȾպúԱȾ֪֮
Ǽ˵ӰһʧѧԺѧȫǧ뿪ķȫǳ̬֮
찡Ȼ䣬ǿǷѧԺĵһ˰
ұΪҵģ˭ǵû䣬Ǹ۸ڶˣȵѧĻݵ·ѧԺ˽
ǣպǾͿŮˡ
ѧֹ˵ţǧȴδ
˿̣Ѿ˷ѧԺ⡣
ѧԺĴǴľţųţܿѧͷ߶ڴŵĶڷѧԺҶ
úľƳɵҶĸȴýдȥģŴִżֻͺ
ǧһԵķǳΣǿҶⲻպе˷ѣϧˡ
һܿͶ˫Ө貵ӣϲԺҲҶڼйš
ǧЦá
ҹվһԣãܿ˵Щʲô
Щǲһ飬ŷεĿҲ˼֣ǰӶϲ˵ֻģ£Ӿ͸һֺϱıһ֮޷Ӧˡ
Ѿ·ԽԽԶҲӵˡҹ̾һֻЩۣĻǸˡ
ӹ¼̫ã±ȻǼõġ
ܣѧԺҶͦġȾ˫ֻأſڵ٩һ䡣
һۣûжãȴʶ˵ͷ
ôˣ𣿡ȾЦĿⶨϡ
ɫһΣɫشչͷ̫Ⱦӣ˾ˣòã˰ȡԼȡ
ȾЦԼɣȽгɾ͸С
ܵͷ㲻˵
ȾĲЩϧôõһѧȻѧԺȥʵĵĺܣ޲ýѧԺըˡ
˭ȥȡȾŤͷһ䡣
ǧ££䣬÷ǳȡɣһΪʤߵȤ
áȾֱӴӦ
ѧԺѧԺȴЩˬҶѧԺģҲѧԺĵ̣š
ѧЦһǧǵĿҲơ
ʱһѧѧԺУ׼ȥѧԺȨȫгܽԺгǾòˣϧǵԺصĺܣһ˸ͼ



1301 ǲ

ǧû̫עܽȥѧĿһֱǿҶϣ̫֮£Ҷɢ貵Ĺ⣬ǰȥȡѧԺдһҵ
ûһһŷɫŮӣѧǵĴӵ¿ϻżΪµױݣԡ¾Ө⣬һ˲ƲĿ⡣
ǧһͣʶŮӿ˼ۣŮӳúܺÿҲǼõģ*****֮֫ϸ·һֻ־ס
·ʱһȻϮǸ
ǧ*****˺üۣԹһϷʣòŽĿƿ󰡡ŮӲδע⵽ǧĿ⣬ǽĿͶϣʵܹӣǶ˵ˣ
ܵǵġ
Ů˽θߣҲţأ
ɫ䣬˾ˡ
Ů˵ؿţǲŵģǲŵģʹʲôУ˭
ܾ룬δ˵
Ůȹǰߵúܼϵ֬ζƮǰŸԾͣʮ˵
ǧ˫ֻأĿӹʱڵϷԡ
ǵûκθоֻЩ۾ۡ
Ů˭ǼõġǧȾһ䣬ͬΪŮӣỹ̲סҪȥܾúÿĽ
ȾЩؿһۣǲŮĺãֻǾú۾ǧôȤǳԽ
ͻȻãǧǸˣȻϲ֣¡Ⱦһһſ˵Ҳ֪˭˵ļǺܺãͨ˼ңЩ˸ûȣ츳㲻ܽѧԺͷء
ǧƿ꣬츳ôһͨŮҲôӵţ
ȾЦ߽׵ϵħʦһ˵ȷһЩһȣǲ˺ܶࡣ
ǧʶͷԭ߽׵İȷֲûᱻôӵţڳʲôֹȡҶ𣿡
ȾĦֱЦû£ѧԺԺһµġ
ѧԺԺطǳһ
ǧЦĿͶ䵽Ǳߵʱ򣬾ͼȻŮ*****ֱۣܵģģЩԵֵ
ȴһˣֵסˣһΪ
ܹӣ϶ƭң㲻ģԲᡭ㽿һЦܵĿ˼֡
üͷһ壬㣬ɿҡ
ҡҡͷҪܹ㵱㲻𣿡
üβ
򴽽ǣôߡ
ǧˣʲôһ˫貣ŨŨ٩ԭ㰡ȻģҲĺܣƺܸܺȤ˼Ľ
ȾҲһֻۣŮӱҡһʱ䲻ɶһӣֱ϶Сˡ
ֽһ󣬼ɲΪŴҲżְգŤͷĿⲻȾϡ
ܿ콫ȾϳˣᳶǣЦý߿ˣԭȾԺŴһȻ鴫
˵ţܿͽĿͶǧͷεϣֻһۣԭء
ŮǣӾΪˡ˶ǷˣǾϵɣ˾ƲĿ⡣
ſˮڴžȡ
ѧԺУʱʵŮˣ
˼תĿȴôղǿƯŮ֮
Ů̫Ưˣ㴩ذ£ȴϵϡ
̿ˮһʱ侹˵ΣС
ҵȷѧԺԺȾЦһ£˿ͻȻֹȡҶ𣿡
΢뵽еĿġ
ȷֹģղѧ˵ѧԺ̫ʹͶ֪ܵȡҶһģ
ѧ˵鲢ïɫһͷҲѻͻȻּ֣Ⱦһģͺûס
ϾȾѧԺԺʵȻǲСģ󲻹һѧȻȾĶ֣ҪҶժ£
ǿҶǷѧԺΪѧԺѧȻҪֹġ㴽װ˵һ䡣
ȾһҲЦֹ˵ġˣȻҪѭ涨Ҷȡ£ѧԺҲвɣ
ɫѿǳ˵ĺܶԣǲȡҶĻȷᱻ˵ǲ



1302 һ

ǣܹġ㿴һۣü֮ȫΣǰ˽׵˫ϵħʦţѧԺʹУʹܹӽڽڰˣʶͶд£
˵ЩʱüһͷȴЩŵġ
Ⱦʱûз
ȾȴЦſһۣʲôû˵
ǧҲ䴽ЦƺϾģ˼
ǶЦսָ⣬һʱ֪ǺãᳶһǣΪβ˵ѵĬ𣿡
ȾٴһЦĿȴͶܵϣܣûУûˣУ
̧һ֤ӡ
ܿһۣϻûʲô飬ûˣУķڷͱ˵ˣǷѧԺֲ䲻𡣡
䣬üͷһ壬ȻǲʲôҪƽϵӣ˾ˣôҪĵط
ǡҧܲԼҲһᣬĲŰܹ㾹Ȼôܻ䣿
ܲ˵
Թ˵ߣдǸ˭ҲдһʵΡ
ܴˮ㲻Ķ֡
ͷĲˣûбȹ֪أ
ܿһۣ˵һʱ䵹Ƕˣ֪ԼＸ˵Ļ˺Ц
㲻֪ʲôܵЩʲôҧҧֵ֮У˭ܹӱԵģЩվҪҲһ
һѧԺ˷׷׻
ҲͻȻͶЩ죬վȻϲּġ
㣬ܹдŰɫŮӡ
ˣܹͻȻͶ
ѧ˵ţܿͽǧƵ˷˼ϡ
ǧЩ䣬ȷдģдȫƾ£û˵С
ѧһţҲΪǲҶȡ£ҪЩڳ
ǧģЦ
㡭ѧǵĻɲǧ˼ۡ
ԽԽľƯŮӣʵҲǿĻǽԼȥˣ
ǧ֪ľᣬ˵ңҾǸܱԵˣôҲұһ£
Щ㶵ؿǵ˵ͷǵģдһϾҲܹӻ䡣
Ůܲǹİɡ򴽽ǣһ˲вΣС
ǧ̯̯֣ЩεǾͱһɣҿǲƺĲ
Ӧ䴽Ц
ʱӮˣҶͲᱻժ£ǲǾͻĿ࿴ˡ
뵽˴ͷһҲ·һ㣬۷ǳ
üЩѾˣɷѧԺȴ׷ᣬͺȡһ
㲻Ķ֡ܿ㣬üͷţҲżֲм
󣬽ҧŴ꣬Ҳִַǳûдܹ֪ҲĶ֣Ӯأ
ЦһȫǼ
Բȡ衣䣬ܷ뿪Ҳȥⳡ־硣
˾뿪ҲЩҲס뿪ıӰ˫ߺ죬ҧ˫һǿֲʵĿģ
ѧԺѧˣĶˣ˵ļã˳ƯҲãټ츳ãȻͳѧĿеŮ
Ů鲻ѣȻ۵Ľ
ģܹӶġ
ǰܹӵεĺܣ涨Ȼܲˡ
ҪܹӳҲ֪ʲôֶӮģǶΣԣԲѧԺ̫ˡ
һҲ˼š
ЩѧİܶȻΪѻϾ˵ĶǺǿġ
ղŵʣܾˣһΣҪӮǸŮˣΪܴ򱧲ƽͬʱҲ֪ģǾʸվߵŮˡ
뵽˴սȭͷ˫ңŨŨ˼ޱߵš
ǧһֻۣе˼Щ۾
һչʾԼһӮǺ̰İǧüܿ콫Ŀ˻
ʲô֣㲦Ū½ǣ˫ЩɵЩ⡣
ƯŮǻòǧǵŮӣĵͼɵѾ˶塣



1303 Ųϧ

ģ̧̌۾ë˳ŨܣգʱкҽǧѧԺѧ
㡣ǧңңϵϷɫɴȹ裬ǽ߸˳
ǧ*****ֻЩ۾򴽽ǣЦЩ죬ǾͿʼɡ
ӺһܾǧĿЩ죬ɾҲ˵
˫лһһ£
ǧѯš
ܿĿ⣬ֵڴϣ˵˵ˣӮˣǱ㲻ٶѧԺҶЩʲô
ǧ߽һĿȴ޼ɵŮй֮ءɰֻҪӮǱ㲻ѧԺҶʲôǧЦͷʱֽĿͶȾϣʾҲ֤䡣
Ⱦ֪˼ЦֻҪӮҶȻǲᶯģǷѧԺһһģҾǵ̫á
ǧЦܾȾԴЩϬ
ɫȻһƺˣѧԺȻǼõģǱҿñӡ
Ⱦʼ磬˵һ䣬ô飬Ժôѵ֪ԶŲҼˣ
ѧԺԺطǳδĲסˣϸԼ˳˰Żָ˳ɫԺܽ鴦ãȻͲˡ
㻰һ٣ֵȾԺ㣬Ǵ飬ǲ**
ǳƣȾ۾ȴδЦǧļ򣬵֪һ£ż
ǧͶ㲻̫ϲȾ˵ȻǴӦġ
ʹȫأ
Ժġǧ͸һĨ⣬ԺģҶ֪˭ż
ȥɡȾļ
ǧЦЦüֳ֮һƺ
һͷ·ʲôס˺һһ˲á
ܿ죬ǧеĺɢȥ·ȳһ㣬ںţֻŵʵС
ոյǸʲô
ǧɵ
ʶһԭŷǳڣȴƽһĨɵ;塣
ǧЦſһۣ˿ûøղŵѹкβԣʼɣ㡣
ҪˣȸղǸЩϲգŴ۾̲סܺԱһ£ܲˡ
ȷʵЩδͷҲ˳ľٶһЩǰ˽˫ϵֻ߽׵ϵûȡ
ϲһӮˡ
ҲЦǰӮˡ
һһ˵ţȫǶǧΣβäĿ
ǧЦһͿٹȥʱеĻҫȣŻ֮ƣ·ܽؼһȫա
˿սپŮӣŲϧءǧ˲һ¡
Ůôʲôû˵͹˹ңеľȻǻ棬ɫģԣǻϵħʦ
ӵеĻǱ棿
ֻͷƤЩ飬ϵ޴ޱȣϵȻҲкܴϵر𣬸οǱ档
̿ˮ˫ҲڴŲһ˲ͻȻԼ䣬һܲҡδ룬ɫͳ˶
ಡƿ֮ƣ·ܽ˺ѡ
Ȼɴ۾ͷƤ˲䷢飬ǿڽڰˣһ㣬ſЩĹ·ϻбƹĺۼͱЩǱӻ
ʶĨһܿϾմȾ˻ҳúģĺܡ
˼һ㣬ɫһѸǾͻȻˣҸû׼
ЩԹģҲģǸ
ǧΪЦʱҪǳĻ˿ɲû׼õģⳡдϵѧԺҶܹҪһЩġ
󣬴΢΢һţ֪˵Щʲô
ǾĻȽеɡǧǸԥӣٴ䴽ȴһĨЦС㣬ǲӦüдˣʱɲˣĥ˰
һɫһһ׵ģܾԼǱСˡ
ҧŴǧĿҲҪŮ˴ܣϵħҲģ
ȻǧĿ⣬дŭ⣬ս⣬ƺһһȼţҲһеʤ



1304 

ǧˣеζŨҡ
ͺһֿϵħĵڶ쳹˫һеϵħûһޣֱֱǧķȥ
žһ޴ڵϣѸѿһϸ죬СʯҲ紵Ĵҷɣһ˲ɳЩ˵۾
·δһ㣬ڷɳ趯ųޣžΧžƤһ
ǧŲϵޣв޾ɫղһݳĺܡ
ϵ޿ҪϮʱǧ㣬ͬһֻèһֱ˳Ϸϵħ
ħȣɫĻչԵøΪܣֱᵯЩ澹ϸϸܵĸڳϣɫ澹˳ųӣٶȿĺܡ
ۿҪԼˣȻɴ˫ҲЩ
ſˮٽϵħߡ
ʱ򡭡δˣԹڿȼ󣬳ķӶȥͷҪȥѾˣֻá顱һ㱻ɣֱֱˤڵϣϵ·ƣԵǱĿ
Լķ̵ۿ΢죬ͷ·ܵʲôίһǧֻдѣҪҪôݰѧԺ˾𣿡
ѧԺѧǼˣЩס
ǱΪܹܴЩ飬˭룬ǧǰ͸һ˼кǱǴĶŮͲڡ
ѧһҲɡ
νŮ񣬵
˵ǧģ浽˿ƥеĵز
Ҳܹӵ䲢ʲôֽţأ
пܡϾǸǧ׻˫ϵħʦһϵͳˣټϵĻֱڿҰ
ֲңΪ˼ʵǿ
˶ڿǧιȥˡ
ԣǧǳǳϵܹģ£ǰд裬㻹˵д裬ͱˡ
ԣ䶯Ŵ֪꣬˵Щʲô
ǧָ⣬Цʣ㣬𣿡
򴽲Ǻ죬Ҳ÷
ǧˣҪ˵ЩʲôͼȾ˵ǷѧԺѧԺŰͻȻ˵Ҫд裬֮󻹲ˣҪ򣬼֮˵ǺݶǷѧԺҪҪ̫˰ɣ
㱾Ⱦ˵͸ˣȾԺҪڮǷѧԺѧԺûвϵ˼
Ⱦ䣬üһǾͿǽҶȡ£ĥĥģǻʱء
ºģǴϳûԹǾͱνˡ
ǧһһ¶ӣˡڷλеķϲҲˣҲˡ
δƮҡ½Ǿܻȥˡ
ϲһ쳤ӵ½
׳ҹվһ࣬𺳣Ǳ֪ǧȴû뵽Ȼֻ΢һħ֮ܽŪǱ
ȼܸߺܸ˰ɣȻƲûã۾Ϊʵ˵䡭
ǧ˸üۣ䴽Ц𣬱ʱֳʲôǱԣһҶպһ鲻ͳˣ
˫ŤҲҶԼȥһ鰡
ǧȵգգ۾ǲû䡭û뵽䷽Ȼ˼θںô󰡡
Ƴͷ
ȥժҶǷѧԺټӣɲ֮ͽˡ䣬ǧϣһӾͽҶȡ
Ҷһȡ£ľϷͱÿյģˣͷĲģҲ˼
ǧûһֱۣӽҶռС
ҶȻʧϵҲ˼֣ƺۼ·ӵվ𣬵ձѧԺռ˱ˣգǶռκαˡ
ѧԺѧҲ׷׸ͣȫǶǵĵ⡣
ǧʼ磬δǵĻϡ
ʱִѧԺ߳Ҷѱȡ£ǸǱģѾˣʱĲ²һģһһЩ
һɫøԵøΪ˼֣˵㲻Ķ֣ڿ֪ˣ



1305 

߳ϺһĨЦ⣬ᳶǣܹӣдҾ֪ǹҡ
ܿһۣʱˣ
ЦݸΪãܹӣȻˣպһӮҡ
Щܾ˵󻰡
㲻֪˼Ц˼ǰȥ
ʶһ뿪
Ѿ뿪붼û׷ȥǸģʵڴ󵨵ĺܡ
һ˲䣬ϷѧҲɢȥֻһͷɨղдʱ涼ѿˣҪ޸ҪңһȻ
ǧ££䣬ЩȱȱȻѾȡҶǾͿЩȥɡ
˸Ҫ뿪һϤ
Ҳ뿪죬ôѧԺͱһģŵϵѺۼּľϷҶˣΪѧԺˡ
С㣬ѧԺʵ̫ǽǵҶȥдʱ򽫵ƻˡ
ǣղ㻹۸ˡ
һתѧԺ
Ұ׳ȥѧԺǰͦõģ񣬾Ȼô
Ťͷǧǵ߶ˡ
򴽣Ǽǧʱ򣬾èһ㣬˶ôֹס
С㣬ǾѧԺˡһѧָǧǡ
̿ˮβ
ǧڰɨ˼ۣЦҲ˰ͦġ
Цһǲ˵ӿտյġ
ʱ׳һֳۣͷǴкˡ
ľګҲӲسͷ
ʱΧʵ΢ĺܣѧԺѧǿֿǸ治ֹ
ʶİɡɰôͲ˵ͺǼʲôֲĶĽ
ѧԺѧһۣСʵС㣬û°ɣʶģ
Ȼһ֪ؿڵʶǰЩһؼҵʱǼģǸˣǰ׼ҵĵճӣҵֵء
ָָ׳Щ㶵˵š
ѧԺҲȻס
Щм䣬Ȼаˣһǵճӡ
һѧԺһѧԺģɾЩ΢ˡǰ׼ҵôһ˷ѧԺһѧԺӦýͬһѧԺźиӦ𣿡
ǰӦýͬһѧԺģѲɣǰ׼ʲôԢ𣿡
ѧţŪðƿ꣬ӵûʲôԢⰡǼҵĵճϲѧԺѡ
ѧǵ˵ͷȴ˺ܶС˼
򴽲ʹԼҪ̫
ǧǿһۣ뿪ˡ
ȥʱͿһѧվͷǽҶ
Ⱦˣ֪һЩѧô£һֱվ⣬Ͳ֪ȥϿ𣿡
ǧЦЦǳڵǻ뿴ѧԺҶɡ
һѧǷ׷׸ͣǻţϴʤϲùâ
ǰ뿴ѧԺҶ˭̫أ
Ժǿ϶Ҷ˰ɣЩǿɡ
ѧǳҪҶһ˫˫ģͷȫڴ
ȾһЦŵͷȻô뿴ǾͿɡ
䣬ĿͶǧϡ
ǧ⣬ٽҶȡ
Ҷһ֮˲ӳѧǵУѧǼˣ˷ܵ໴
ǷѧԺҶģȻƴ֡
ҶѾǵˣҶջ᲻Щ̫˷ˣ
Ⱦڰ֣Ц˵ʲô˷ѵģ˼ҵҶ˾˰ɣѧԺȱң
ѧһٴ˷
ѧԺȻǲȱģˣѧԺĽö꣬ȫ״̬ԣѧԺекֻܶ࣬ҪѧϰȻõġ
ѧԺıȻҲ࣬ûѧԺʵ벻ͨΪЩҪѧȥѧԺѵǾѧɢȽ
֮ɢͬܣǧǰˣ
ѧԺһˣǻ˲İѧǶ룬һԲ˺ܶණ
Ⱦ֪Щʲô˦˦䣬ֽҶ˿ռָУˣȥϿΰɡ
ѧ˲һɢȴѧԭأԺųˣ
ˣȾü
ѧͷǰˣȥѧԺʱǻˣ



1306 Ȼõ

Ǵ˿ںδȾ̧Ŀ䵽ѧǵϡ
ڶųѧǻͦ˵ģϾʵãǻˣѧԺҲˡ
ѧǴһƣЦǴ˿ڴеȺεؾҲջķᣬ˲ء
Ⱦ˫һھͽǡ
ȻѧԺ٣һЩȻǲܾģ⻶ϲҪȥһˡ
ǧųεֺҲмֺ棬ͦ츳˳ģ᲻ҲһǸЦˡ
еĺŨôڲס
δһۣǳЦһ䣬ô氡ҪҪҲȥ
ǧͷеЦ˳
Ц𣬷Ҳ˴꣬ЦŻȻˮҲ繡
ԺǧȻվżˣŮǵ̬ǼõģΪʵԵʣǿȥΪš
ǧ˼ۣЩŮһϵЩͬ·֮ϣôͦصվţȴԺӣŵĹâŨǳʮֵ
һ´꣬Կ϶˱ȾеĶųΡ
һϮɫ࿡㣬ܲͬǣһͦϲЦˣЦиȾ˲ԾҪȥŷ
ǸǶųΰɡǧָָѹһ䡣
Ⱦоɡ
ǧ˵ͷŵȷǸʵˣֲҪָдˡ
ȾЦЦȴ˵
ʱ򣬶ųҲǵĵæЦӭȥԺ˵ȥѧԺˣˣҶõ𣿡
ǸղѾ˵ѧԺǰƵˣʵΪ䣬˭룬ȾһǳŮӣŮ׻˫ϵħʦֱͶˡ
ǿܣǸ࣬Ҷʤʮִŵܣ䣿
ųЩԺ󣬶ŮҲȾΧܿͽĿͶǧϡ
һϯذ˫ˮһ廪ȷǳѧǿеŮӰɣ
ųֻԿôۣŮӵĲͬǸĽɫ
ҶȻõˡȾЦܿ콫ռָҶȡ
ýɫƳɵҶչԣ˻ҶȴУֱһεķ̡
ѧǼˣĳ졣
ųͬŵϵҶһʱ侹䴽ЦЦݴģżֻ˵ǷѧԺƵģȴˣҶǡһ˵𣿡
䣬ųʶֿǧһۣڴż̽޶⡣
ǧҲֻ֪ںѣ󷽷ţǵЦǳҲһɴ׽͸
ųο˼ۺ㽫Ŀջأܴ򶷵ģŮӰɣ
ųθղſǧһЩڷѧԺ飬ȾͷҲûдҴţǧյѧҲġ
ų棬мִŮҲ֮дһ°
˵Ůӻ׻˫ϵħʦϵѾˣټϻϵֱĳ˼ʵͬʱر֮һ
лᣬúýһųֽĿͶǧϣеսôֹס
ǧԸǳôˣһڷûгԣͶˣĻ˼д谡
ЩԺǧֻһЦδ˵Щʲô
ųμˣδǿ߶ЩƢ԰Źذ
ųڴǧͬʱҲ߻վźЩˣһģﻹһСЩ죬ɢĹȴʾǲδͨˡ
ųҲȻ֮˺ЩϤ·ĳ˵һ
վȾԱߵ£ģ˵ȾĹϵãʲôϵ޴֪
ڰ׳ҹȻʵУȲ˲֪١˵ЩǺˣѵȾյѧ
ЩԺյѧ𣿡ųκһ䣬Ŀȴڷϡ
˵ãҲÿǺϤǺˣ
ǰ׳յѧȾָŰ׳ˣ治ģֻѧԺ͵ģûʲô˼
ҽʦս˿ĪĽҲͶԼֶŮŻ˺ɫһĮģ˷



1307 ǻף

ųνĿƿԭѧԺյѧ
ãǶųΡųο׳Цһ£Բ׳ʵЩһװɡ
׳΢㶣һŵǰ׳
Ķʮ꣬׳һֱסưܵСУԲůʱ۸Ҳûȥ硣
һ츳кЦüΪ⣬һʱ֪ôˣԲŻͣٶʱΪѺãӲͷƤһк
кԺȫˣҲģûʲôơ
׳㺦ߣų΢һ¡
˾Ȼôߵİо²ࡣ
ѧԺǱһˡųһЦİ׳ļ
׳һЩӦ˵ǣ˶ȫǶ⣬Ƕ裬˵ݱˣɳѹڳӰһʱı䲻ˣֻŬȥ˷ˡ
лл׳ƿ꣬סӵĲ
ųνɿϵЦ˾úԺѧԺǿߣѧԺҶժˣǲӦףһ
Ⱦ°ͣӦףһ¡
ųһϵЦŨǽףһ£
ȾͷȻģɡ
ųٴ䴽һЦȴʲôҲû˵
ǧҪףЩˣŪһҶ˼ѧбҪôף
ɼѾҪףˣǧҲ˵ЩʲôֻЦЦŵȻĺܡ
ܿҹĻ٣Ⱦó׼˺ЩʳҲΪѧԺҸÿһʳΪܱȵϻʹˡ
˷ʢĳʳ˵ƣЩƶģϸûУҲ
νףѪģǧһϵĳʳֳȾķȥĴ󷽲ɾһ¡
ףϵĶǺöϲֶϵĳʳ˿ˮ
ǰǺöǧƿ촽ЩģѧԺеѧ˵ҲǧˣҼϹ˴Ѫˡ
ϲգŴ۾ͷǴѪ¡
ǧַŵϲֵͷţһͶһЩѪ׷ѡ
ϲæͷȻϲʳˡ
ǧ𴽰꣬ǳǳתš
֮칦翪ʼѧԺһϲǷӷѧԺҶҲھͱɲյˡ
ǷϵĲˣǷҶճģԸ㡭ѧԺֿʼѧԺȴǳƲҵ
ܹһլǰլӵĴŽţȫȻûҪ򿪵ļ
»֮£ܴͷı˿塣
ܹӣҹˣͱˡߵԣһֱţҲһһţȥɣԺȻġ
ܾûһ㣬β
򴽰꣬ҲÿۣҲ˵ϡ
ߵĶܲͷüһ䣬㣬ʲô
һ˲ͺܵӶˣƿ꣬ЦҶܹûаֹϵصԺסĻҿ϶ҲˣҵвǧʹҶС
ҧë˼£ԣܹŵĻҲһţֱԺԭΪֹ
ǰլӱԺסδѧԺѧȴδԺģһصˣһǿˡ
ǱŰɡܽĿջأԴûпһ
ҧ˫ЩܣܸܹһȻǸ˵ģЩҲν
Ҳ֪˶ãԺûҪ˼
ҹ㴩õһЩҲ˫պ촽ҲЩϡ
㲻ֱۣͼԼů
ܳһۣûκϧ֮ģǾ䣬Ȼȥ
Ҳġҡҡͷһľǿ
·ѧʵڿȥóһϣȾ˷纮Ƕˡ
㣬ǻǱˣԺȻǲǵģֻܹѧԺ̫
׻˫ϵ㻻˭ֵסġ
ԣɫѿǳڸ򶷵ʱǸǧĸûϵħֻǵĻϵħͽŪǱ
㣬˵ѧԺڴף
ЩȻͷףʲô
ѧЩԥҪҪ˵
ȴ״һ㣬ͣɨš


1308 ܾñ

һֻܿ˵ΪӮǣõҶȻҪףһˣһ˵ǷϵĲȶҶճġ
˫Ťֱ̫
ѧ͵ǰʵ̫ˣɵˣܲȥưɡ
һҲʱĬȷˣǴ˿ܼǧǸӡ
·ֻ˦˦֣ͽŪӣٲʣҲǧ֣ʹݺݵҧŴꡣ
ѧǼɫԣ򴽽ҲĬ
»ף̧סеԹһ䡣
ѧǵͷдЩҲѧԺֻһʱˣպǷѧԺ˻ǽǶڽ£
۾µһתЩе˼˵ĲǵĵҲֻʱģǵܹӶ
˵ģЩüͷ˴Ժסġ
һһ£ѧҲסҶԡ
ʱһ
ҵǵĻеǵĵֻʱģǷѧԺܻὫǲڽ¡
µʱһźɫۣźɫӴլ߳ӵ붷ʹ˿ģͶĹȴԺӡ
˵˫һ̧ͷػһԺ˰
ɹţͷʹԺʱһ˲ľϲȴֺܿڲȥ
ԺĿͶϣֺܿܵշѾ֪ˣѧԺժǵҶѧ˵ĺܶԣǵĵֻʱģǵһպеǺڡ
ѧһɨղŵĲҵ䴽ЦҲš
Ժ˵ҧҧһʱĻЩöͷ·аһɵԼѧҪģأ
ԺŤͷ˵ȻˣԺ㶨ȻʲôԭģúպŮӶĶ֡
ԣŴ꣬ȴûж˵ʲô
ǸǧĺܣôԺУͳʱԴܵСأ
ԺŮӵ׻˫ϵħʦͻȻ˵һ䡣
Ժһüͷһ׻˫ϵǵǸܽǷѧԺѧԺ˵һĴ
ɫЩѿҲǧˣѧԺĵλҪ½ˣ޲Լ죬ôͺ˵˵أ
Ժǲ³˼ҲõģǸŮˣҲֻһ˶ѣĵλȹ̣±һˣ
˫𣬡лԺָԽ򡣡
Ժһۣ㲻˵ȻֽĿͶϣܰҵΣŮսдˡ
üĸѧԺѧϰɰɡ
Ժ͵һЦȴ
ҧһ˲ЩͷƤ顣
Ժֵڴ䣬ֵҲǱҴѧԺսģܽգȻҲܽŮսֻʱѡ
򴽰꣬δȷǱԺսģʱѧԺĳһѧԺԺͻȻ˵ѧԺҪѧҽǵķѧԺ
ȻǲϵģɵʱԺ˵˼仰ֱӵĻѧˡҲǲõʱԺ˵ЩʲôֻǾЩ˼飬Ȼô׾ѧ
ᳶһ°ڣٴοԺʱͷҲһЩɻ󣬿ɵѧԺԺֻǻɣҲûκԽ뷨
Ժ֪Щʲôֵ㣬˵˵Ů˭ģ
ЩŤ󣬵󣬷·ͨʲôҲ
ԺȻȥϢˡܲ˵ֻ뿪
ҹһҹȥǹһա
һգǧһֱסѧԺУѧԺﰲĺܣżֳ
ɽգǧȴͻȻЩԾҪȥɭһȴܾú˸ˣǴϤϤ
ǧüͷһ󡭡оˣη䣬˵Ļȡ
ǧˮǰоˣ͵͵ء
γһۣɫһ·ˣҲ֪ʲôȿ˵ɡ
ɡǧЦһüһҹҲʲôöǷѧԺļɣ


1309 Ͳһ

洽һЦĺڵйâʣܣǰЩܣǷѧԺĵһˣѧԺȻˡ
ǧڰ֣νǾȥνġ
Цٲ
ɭɱֻħ֮󣬻·߳ЩҩݣȻ࣬Ǳȫժȥ
ʱСβͻڸǣΪΣȴ֪ѱǧǸˡ
ǧװ֪ڻɱħޡ
ɱħ޵ַ죬׼գ֮ͽħ޸նɱɾˡ
Сβͼˣ˸һĨȵĹ⡣
˿˲Ű潫սѧԺĻѧԺȻһ¥ʱԺҲĺ˿ɾ͹ˡ
滶ϲʱһöСʯƿն
ǿǳСβͼˣŵĶˣһ㣬æܿСʯӵĹʱԥĶܣΧľŷɳɳɳ
ĶصڵأҲ˲䱩¶ˡ
СβͷһţҸõطٶһŮڶǰ
ɣ֪ǲһҵСʯӿܻҪ
Ůɱ⣬СβȻһҲ֪ղöСʯӲżȻǹⶪġ
Сβ;Ƭ̣Ǵ˳
ģ̌ԽԽСβͣ˫
СβʹŷѧԺɫģʱЩСβһģǺͻȴҲرͨ
ǧһۣĿеԣȻǷѧԺˣôǴ򲻹Ǿ͵͵ţŻʹɱ𣿡
Сβһ֣±һǣˣҲûҪʹɱֵ˼
ʲô˼ǧüƣһ·͵͵ǣܹ鲻ʲôˡ
Сβ򴽽ǣЩˣ治ǻˣǷѧԺʹߡ
ʹߣ
ǧֳ˼ۣʹʲô˼
ʹһڳһģרŸѧԺˡԺ츳ãصǰѧԺ¡
ǧü۲壬ѾѧԺѧˣܽ뵽ǷѧԺͻȻЩϹذɣ
ʹЦȫν֪ѧԺѧǣֻҪѧ˲ܽǷѧԺ𣿡
ǧۣԭǴѧ⡣
ǸνӣҲǵһǽǵˣһʱ˾Щġ
ǧָ⣬˵ҲŸոսѧԺȴͻȻѧǷѧԺܹЩðɡ
ʹ߰ڰ֣ȫûѧԺУʲôõģʲôѧԺѧԼѡ񣬿ѧԺİ䣬ܶ츳õѧǷѧԺ˵ѧԺѧԺá
ǧ򴽽ǣʾȥ˵
ʹ߼ǧԸҲǷѧԺˣЦ˵ǰЩ򶷵ܣǰǷѧԺѧ㿴ҲͻȻѧǷѧԺ˵ҲϿѧԺʵ
еǧͷ˫ȴĳ⡣
վһ࣬ţԡ
ʹŸɬĴֵ꣬£ǷѧԺĵһˣѧԺͽΪһˣҫͲĶ𣿡
ǧգգ۾˫γ⣬ȥܲӦѧԺĵһ˰ɣֺαתѧȥЩ鷳¶أ
ʹһתƺʲôõ˵ǡ
ǧôֻ֪˵Щʲô
ãʹǿڵѧԺкЩ䱦ֻҪ뵽ѧԺЩ䱦ѡÿѧԺеʶõĸ㣬˵Σ
ǧ۾һС
ȻҪкԴ䱦ҲѡǼջ󰡡ѵҲջѧģ
ţܵ˰ǧ˫أ˫ٴҲȫǲͷûͷкܶ࣬ôò꣬ΪλҪѧȥǷѧԺ鷳
ʹû뵽ǧ˵΢΢סǧۣһʱҲõ˵ǣֻ㾲Ĭš
ǧڰ֣һѧԺӣ˰ɣҿϣǵЩﻹѧɣҴѧԺͺá
ʹŴ꣬ɫѿѡ
ΪǧᱻЩ˭룬ȻΪѵô౦


1310 ǲѧ

ɾٶ࣬ӦҲûѧԺɡʹߴƣٴùƻ˵ֻҪ뵽ǷѧԺǾԻѧԺõԴ㣬㲻Ϳһ𣿡
ǧüûģѧҲǵЩɣԣڰսͲ
ʹһ٣β֪˵ʲô
ǧָ⣬Цù⻪貣˵ǽǵķѧԺպҸҵλãҵıԴ϶ûˣʱҾͻΪǵӣж
ʹ̿ˮǰ亹ð
ѧԺ˵ģｫŪֻҪͳɣպʲôܡ
ܣҲãܲѧɣʱѧԺ˻գ
һ߶ѣֻܴڷѧԺˡ
û뵽ǧһӾ͵е⣬һĵģʵڿµĽ
ô˵ѵ˵òԣǧüһĹâ
ʹ߲ǰĺˮЩôܻأֻҪǷѧԺѧǵȻԴǲģҪѧ˰
ǧЦ
ѧ
һ˹ѧˣѧ
ʱѧԺգ
ǧЩЦǸ˾ͺáǲȥǷѧԺġ
ʹĥĲһ£
ǧҡҡͷǰ
ʹȴֲҷǰֶǧѧԺٸ쿼ǵʱ䣬һģҲ㿴ѧԺĳ⡣
ŶǧܵӦһ
ʹ߸뿪ȫŤ
һ뿪ǧ㿿ڷϣһΪ鷳ģû뵽ȰѧģǰЩѧˣǵĹƻɣ
ο˳ĽëէһǵȷˣЩѧͷԼ򵥾ͱ˹ȥ
ȷʵˡǧЦѡܵõÿµԴĳЩ˵ֱãǲͶá
ÿǰ鷢ǳǷѧԺƭѧֶΣЩһͲףôϹ֮ˡ
ǧһ
ЦǴˡ
ǧգգ۾ЦǷε˫ȷǴˡңͲôϹġ
֣ĦǱô࣬ᱻǺס
ǧһҧסָ⣬ǰҿռȫǱöòꡭ
ģû۷Щ
ɭ˻˱뿪
һصѧԺУǧͷѧԺЩ֣ЩѧС׼뿪ǸģȥҪѧ
ǧüͷǰʵô˰
Ⱦվڴ⣬ؿЩҪ뿪ѧּǧǹе˲ɢࡣ
ƿ꣬һЩҪѧѧ˵ϲѧԺҪȥͷչ
ǧһüͷٴν壬ôôͻȻǰЩӲǻúõ𣿡
Ⱦ̯̯֣Щε˭֪Ǿ͸˵Ƶģȫܹ˵ҪѧһģҲסǣȫ׼ˡ
ǧһζһۣ˵üͷ˼֡
¶Ȼûô򵥣ǷѧԺɳ˺Щʹߣһ˰ɡԽԽпܣǧ۾˫䣬ǷѧԺǸˣ˵ʲôֻҪȥͻԴѡĹ
һ䣬ǧظܵЩѧӲһ£Ҳ͸żֲš
û뵽ǧ֪ϸͷ·һ
ǧȷǾˣڸղţʹ߻ͼˡô֪ЩȾգգ۾ʵ
ǧƿ꣬ü֮һĨЦҶˣȻ֪ղţѧԺʹ߻ںأ˵ֻҪȥѧԺͻὫԴңҲѡţǶÿ˶˵ɡ
Ⱦһ˫ֱ޳ܡ
ǧʼ磬ƮƮȷ޳ܣ޳֮Ե˻湻޴ģǻô˵ʱԴҲ˵㰡
˵ѧ׷׵ͷЩ
ͷѧԺģѧԺʵ̫ˣԴҪġ
ûԴѧԺôѧЩ츳õģĹ
ѧԺͲһˣֻҪȥܵõõԴҲܵõϵڱĺ¶ȥĲǴɣ


1311 õ

ѧһȫûǧĻϡ
ǧһӣ˫ٴУЩѧѾҪ뿪ˣҲı⡣
˼ԾˣѧԺʲôأ
ǧջĿ⣬ģźȾ壬ЩѧѾҪ뿪ȰҲ£ǵɡ
Ⱦߣ뿪պ󲻹ζҪڣҲҪٻ
ѧǺת뿪
ǧǵıӰЦЩѧ츳ͻȥ˷ѧԺҲ̫ΪʵᵹˣѧԺ಻ǾȼãһֱǺõԴ
ǵѡ񡭡Ⱦۣɤᡣ
ǧڰ֣ЦˣҲȥЩˣպζǵ¶԰ɣΣ
εĿºͣǰȷ޹ء
ȾദгһЦֺǧղ˵飬ʣղţѧԺҪ㣿
ǧͷЦǰоٳ˺öôء룬ܲҲôǺߵİɣ
ȾһɫЩŤðǾҵǽǣ˰ɡ
һ٣ֵܵĻӦòɣǼҵҲһЩԴҲѧ
ôѧˣǧ档
Ⱦҡҡͷ֪Ϊʲôɡ
ǧͷ˼֣ܵĹƻأҺܺ氡
˵ˣȾŴ꣬Ҳر棬޲ھȥץһ١
ǧٺһЦǲ˵ˡ
վһ࣬ĿҼѧԺ˴ѧȥѧǶҪˣ
ǧԣҲ¶Щ֡
ߵѧʮ˰ɣȻ࣬ÿÿôһѧԺ˳ҪȫߣĻѧԺôӪȥ
ȾһüͷȷǸ⣬ܱǺߵģҲЩ˼ȶ֮ˣµЩǾӢеľӢһ룬ҲһЩ
ǧ󣬲Ц
ҴߡЩģ˼ȵˣʣµЩȷܵסջľӢһѧԺѧ̫٣ܻԿġ
˭Ҫд裬ѧԺѧ̫ٵĻ϶Կ
˵ˣҪ취ġǧƿ꣬˵һ䣬ǧ÷ѧԺٵóˣȻΪǺ۸ġ
ȾȻͬģ˵ò治÷ѧԺ̫ȥָأ
ǧһתЦȹЩӣѧԺоٰһдᣬ˭н͸ǺöǽţѧԺδٰдᣬҲûзַʲôöôˣЩҪѧԺѧᱻġ
ͦáȾЦЦ
Ҳͦã֣˷ǰ鷢
ǧ΢٣ֵ˺ÿ¶һдᣬʵٽͬʱܵõÿ˶ϲķʽģɵӡ
ȾһͷѧȻҲϲķʽɵʲôȽϺأ
ǧЦЦɡƳЩΪβһأʱƼƷģ̫õģֻ̫Ҫ䶯ˡ
ȾԽԽеƷƳ϶Ҫϵĺúܶ࣬һѧȱľǳÿ¶ƾʵȡãǶˣҲĻ
ʵѼƷģӦûɣǧ䴽ЦЩ
Ⱦɴ˫ʱȻˣми棬϶ǵĻԣл湻ݵģ
ǧ䣬ھãõĶ
Ⱦļ򣬵
ǧһ䣬ȥ
ȾôԽУȥ׼СʱƵкܶ࣬ЩƷƷѧǵʤƷʲˡ
ȥ׼ȥĶ䣬ĶɡȾЦű뿪ɫ紵졣
ǧȾıӰֻĽŲ죬ӰҲȾһĨϲ
Ⱦ˿̺ø˵ӣҵ뷨ʮ⡣ǧ°ͣеЦԡ
ƿ꣬΢뷨ȷܺãЩõһѧȷᱻѧԺջߣЩ˵ġ
ǧ𴽰꣬еЦλεģ⹴ˡ
ڴվһصС
һ˲䣬ֻʣȾһˡ


1312 ɵӲŻѧ

Ƭ̣ȾҲЩ뷨˵ѧ
֣ѧԺÿ¾һдᣬдᲢһҪƴƴȡõһ뿴ÿ˶٣ԴЩģõѧԺͳ
һѧһ٣ȫˣԴԴϡ
ǱΪֻеһȡЩ׵Ҳûʲôڴ£ȾȻ˵ֻҪԱǰһнģҲܵõĻ˵ÿ˶лˡ
ֻ˵رסһµʱ䣬ɵҲнİɣûнֱѧɣ
ѧߴߴ˵ͣ϶Цݣþòɢ
Щ󵨵ѧһ䣬Ժһ£ѧԺͳĶʲô𣿡
ЩӵܣҲ٣̫εģֻ¹ǵ¡
ȾҲ뵽һ㣬ƽһȡѧԺͳģƷƷĶУ̫Σһϵĺúܶ࣬Ӧûϲġ
һѳͨҷޱȣӳµʱ򷢳Ľ⣬ХƷƷģȴϵĺ˲֪ٱټ񶼿ӽƷˡ
ϾҲֻۣжأ
ѧ˫ŹؿϻٶһƷǺȣֱһһ¡
Ⱦе죬еģǸʲô
ѧſˮЩȷŵһ䣬ԺҪôõ͸ѧ𣿡
Ǻǵİɣ
ôã۸϶Ⱦ
ѧԺ˵һ㻰Ⱦνİڰ֣Щ˶ʱƷҪж٣ȫõĻ᲻
ѧһŷѧԺĿڱһ򲻴ԺҲſڿ֮ˣô˵˿϶;Щ
ô˵أѧԺлҪ£ԺҲ
Ⱦ˷䣬ٴοڵ԰Щ˾ͱѧˣѧԺ𣿷ѧԺܸ䱦𣿻ǿտڰ׻ѧԺͲһˣ뵽ʲôжˣ
ԣЩѧͷһ
ͬʱҲͷƣΪȾܲµѧԺǵĳŵȷǴӦǺЩ䱦һЩԴ
ԭЩᣬҪҪѧȥѧԺȾ˵̴ѧͷ
ȷЩֻǿտڰ׻ѣһѧ֮󣬷ѧԺֲǺöأ
ʱ˭ȥ
֮ѧԺͲһˣǿ˵ģֻҪЩõƷǿ϶ĺɵˣĻǲŲѧġ
ѧ۾
ԺģǾԲѧġ
ǰѧԺãѧ¶ɵӰɣ
˵мʮѧˣҲɵȥһ֪εѧԺŬԼõƷ
ȾЦƿ꣬룬ҾͷˣȷʮѧǰѧҶһһˣ˭ѧѧԺǺѧԺǲյġ
һѧѧ˼͸ˡ
˲ٽҲ˵ЩƷԶԶˣԲˣ
ѧȻҡҡͷ̬ȼ
ԺģµЩ־ᶨģǾԲѧġ
ԺԺÿµдǲǶܵõƷ
һѧţҲʳ˵۰ͰͳȾϣܵõһȷд𰸡
ȾȻʧͷֻҪŬֽˣȻÿ¶õƷûаֽɢǵȻûˡ
ѧеĻĶ˳
ˣǻܽˣڼĵλͻһ¥
ͬʱܵõλô㶼
ѧԺðһҪŬԲԺڴ
ѧսȭͷһСȼţǴ˵еĶ־
ȾǶ־ЦŶһذǽԣõһ벻ĺöҿ˵Ҳ
ѧеĺȫ˳
ʵ벻϶ûеĺöʲôأ
ǲ²׷ףԴͺҲδ
Ժʲôö϶ûа
ѵ񼶵ĵҩָ߽׵ľ弼鰡ǣ񼶵
ȾŹӣȵʱǾ֪ˣھڴŰɡ
ҪͳģȷּƷ񼶵һģĶϻ


1313 ֵ

뵽˴ȾЦһ⡣
ѧǱԴΣǺ֪ϧȾǲ˵ǲ²һҲĺˡ
ҲҪúȡ֪ضʲô
ԺģһŬʱضһõ
ǰԺ׼һЩضʱɱ𲻹ˡ
ѧǵĶ־ͬ棬ķΧҲȻ˼֡
ȾеЦݽŨǵǱǿĺϢ
䣬Ⱦ뿪ֻһҪǿѧǡ
ò˵ǧε뷨ĺܲסЩѧҲѧǵĶ־Щӣ컹ûǾͳˣȫȻûƽ裬ѧҲˣûˡ
Ⱦһ뵽˴üЦֱǧļƲߺá
ǧƷŲˮЦѧԺֶαͲʣȻҲʵЩֶεġ
ȾЦŵͷǰΪǵֶνѧǸסˣЩѧˣûС
ǧ豭£ЦͦãѧģҿҲ
д׼ʲôʱСһֱĬķΣôһ䡣
Ⱦ˼һĸ߷ڣҾվ;дᣬһסܽ
ǧͷҲԿдᣬЩɿȻеѪٿѧԺҪǮƵĽƷͳȻᱻסʱ򣬿϶нѧԺ˼
ҲġȾЦţ츳õģǾ͸ˡ
ӦǿԵġǧҲЦ
ܿ͵д죬ʱΡ
ѧԺд̨ڴĹ㳡ϣǴ㳡ҲרĵطʱŶӵʱҲܿĵдᡣ
Ѫ᲻סأ
ʱдͬʱšǱھᣬҪȥĶѧԺ
ѧԺȻã̫ˣ츳õѧ̫ͻ츳ѧֺѵõԴоȥҲǰȥ
ѧԺͲһˣѧҵɲ˵ͷԺŵֻҪѧԺܵõ䱦ܵõõԴ
ôãȥĸѧԺѾԶˣǡǱȥѧԺͻȻѧԺдײѧǵĻ
ȥ֣Ҳӣ֮£ķѧԺЩˣֻǿͷһֱ˵Դʲôġ
ջؽŲ׼ȥѧԺǱ߿
һѧԺͿ̨ѧڶԴǶӡ
̿ˮһʱ䱻ѪĻסˡ
ѧԺѧѪֻһССдʹȫͷ·ʤ֮ܵõʲôöһ
ܿ죬ǵĲ²͵õ֤ʵ̨ϵ˹Ȼõ˺ö
Ȼӵɴôһˣôܵõöأ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ķɻ󣬿ѧԺȴһȻӡ
ǶˣȻܵõ
ǾĲУסһʵ⵽ʲôһôܵõö
ǰǷ˰ɣôܵõ
ЦؿǣǾ͹ªˡԺǰЩ˵ˣÿ¶һдᣬᲢǱ˭˭Ӯ뿴ҽ˶١
˫Ȼһ
飬Ȼأ
˵˵
ֿ֪˵н˲ӮõһƷ

Ȼɴ˫裬ӮֻҪܵõһƷѧԺѧԺ󷽣ǰ˵ԴҪ
츳õֻΪ׻ɫһͷԴûС
£ôͳˣоðӣ
ѧǰӣǲϷˡ
̨˵ĶģӮֻҪܵõƷ
ЩƷǴģЩƽİɣ
ǺƽĻǼеǰ
ǺһЦƺڳЦǵ֪Ϳôܻǵûɫ˵ǿܲţھ͸ǿƷɡ
һ䣬̽ոյõƷȡ
һѳó˲䣬һĺһ·ܽһȫնϡ
һѺõﵽƷˡ
ĺõ𣿾᳡ҲѵüҲۡһ˲˲ǰѳûãӶֱˡ
ǻΪһѺͨĵû뵽ĺõ


1314 ѧôˣ

᳡ĵĻ㲻Ʒ˿ѳǰҲʧɫȫΪġ

ָѳлЩʡ
ѧԺ󷽣ýõͳ
ڼɣ
ɫˣƨԺ󷽣ȻŪЩǲŴڴ˴ţÿһƷʶܵõ֤ŪٵĿܡ
䣬Ц뿪
վԭأɫЩΣδ뿪վĿ䵽̨ϡ
ؿ˼ȦֲӮֻҪ˵ȷܵõƷЩǼüõģǻѴǮĶҪãǼΪ۲
ˣղŵ˵ÿ¶дᡣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪнĻÿ¶ܵõƷۣҲ̫˰ɣܵõöܽʡһʿʵȲӣֱӮ
ѧԺãҪȥ
Ҳ̲סֱȥˡ
ȾЦøĪ⣬ѧԺѾþûֵľˣѧԺ˼ˣѪ
ǧ˼ŹӣЦ϶ģϾˡ
Ⱦ۾Цõ⡣
һ࣬ĵÿģҲ˴ꡣ
ʱڳļš
ԽԽӿ룬ѧԺҲȫˣҪȿʵġ
ַǳѧԺǱȴͥˡ
һѧվ⣬һʱˣֻǵļǰЩʶǼģַȺ˶࿴۵͡
ˣίʵм
ǵʲУȥɡü䵭˵
ѧҲĸоûЩС
ЩȥѧԺģ˵ѧԺżߣûȥڷѧԺҲţ˵żһ㶼ߣֻҪԻЩĶܽ룬ټϸãѾԶѧԺöˡ
£ȴ֪츳ãѧԺǲյġЩ΢ˣѵǰĶǼٵģ
ɫѣֱŭǷѧԺʲô˼ǵżǺܵôڱˣ
ǲǿǣİ
Ľȴ֪츳̫ûи츳Ķˣǲǹǣ
ֻԿǶЩۣǱ˵˵𣿡
һ޵к˵˵ǣֿǣ˵ˣ
ŶͷԴҲڴ˿ۼ֡
Ǹ˵ˣѧԺǲǣҲῴǵġƿ꣬ûǲҪԴǵ츳ǺܲãѧԺҲյġ
һԵѧ׷׸ͣǰǿЩ߰ɣǲյġ
еŭɫҲŨǲյĻտʼ˵˲츳͵ģǵǸıˣ浱ǺúŪ𣿡
ǰ츳Ķȥˣȴ˵Ҫ츳ģѧԺǺġ
һɫѸٱѿ츳ǾǲգȥѧԺ
󣬲һۡ
ѧԺʷƾã涨˵ʲģȥˣûȤ
ǰ˼ѧԺǺð͹涨ˣñ˰һˣأ뵽һһֱ
Ҫ︣ãǲŲأ
ڿԹˡͺһȫûǺ
û뵽ǻֱɵɴ˫ȫǲš
ѧԺҲУɣôӴôҪȻ˵ֻˣ
һŮӰõײôô
˫ŤƷ
ѧǼЩţҲŭǵ㣬ܹ๵ģͣȥ
ߣûһҪ뿪˼
ǲŲţ컯֮£ѧԺ˻ὫΡ
뿪Ǿ뿪Ǻûӣ
ǰǲ͵ģ˵ȫʵҪ뿪
ǽҪǷѧԺյʲôѧڣǰ˲ɣ
Цģš
ҲܽΣֻŭǣǷѧԺȻյõѧ
ЦЩ̣ɶʱˣôû츳õеģôֻЩ츳ģ
ҧԽԽЩԾ
ô°


1315 ڸʲô

ǷѧԺֵİɻʱһѧ̽Ϣ˹ɫҲЩţ㣬²ˡ
üͷô£˵
ѧҧ˫ǿڵЩ츳õѧѧԺȥˣҶѧˡ
һסԵѧҲЩ
ô£㾪ﲻѣѧԺ˰Щȥǲ˰
ѧ̿ˮβ˵ѧԺʵ̫޳ˣȻھٰдᣬˣֻҪܻһƷҿˣʵǼõģֲЩᱻ
һͷ൱𺳣˵ѧԺھٰдᣬڷַƷֻҪǽĶУ
ǰѧȻͷ̫Ļˣ˵Ժÿ¶дᣬƷҲ͡
Ǵֱʰܵ
㾪ϲزͷȥܹӣ˰㿴ѧԺʵ޳ܣȻġ
˫ֻأĿȻѧԺ𣿡
һ˲ԭء
ѧԺҲġһ޳ܣֹñѧرȥǽǣоʵЩӡҧ˫һʱ䶼Ҷ˵ҲΪ⻰˵ģ͸÷ˡ
ܳһۣûʲôˣ̧뿪
뿪ıӰ̲ססܹһ£ܲܰø⣬Щһֱ˵ͣ˵ҪҪսأ
ʵǲԸģͬ⣬ûκ
ͣ½ŲĿʹߣһ˵㣬ΪҪң
΢٣ӵǣܹǷѧԺĵһˣ˵Ȼõġ
üͷһ壬Ҳʲôһˡ
䣬뿪Ҳûͣ
㿴ıӰֱš
һԵѧˣſˮһʱҲ֪ô졣
ƿĿ׼ϣƿ꣬ûǻȥɣǲʵµġ
һǶԷѧԺǵ߾ߣΪԸ𣬾Ǹı⽫ˣҲˡ
䣬Ƿ뿪ͣ
뿪۾ʵµģԺͲҪˣ𣿡
һԵѧͷǶĻе
ܿ죬ⳡ־Ļˣϣȴǰ
ɰʱȥˣȻһӰûг֣ЩʺܲĶˡ
üʶԾˡ
ѧԺƷǣܹ֮İɣΪδ˿ӰûƼ
ѧȥ飬ûһѧ͹ˣɫѿ
ɫѿǳͷһеĲԣô£
ѧɫ㣬ղűܾЩʵ̫޳ˣվѧԺͷĵطǱѧԺ˵ѧԺţʲģ츳õĽȥҲᱻôһ˵ʲĿ϶ͲˣЩʺõıǺһ£Ҳˡ
ԣɫҲ˱䣬˻棿
ѧ˵ͷȻģЩʵ޳ܵĽ
ҧҧ¶⣬ȥ
ѧһ̴ȥǸط
һȥͿЩվǶһ˾ڮǷѧԺڶ˵ˣһִ˲ƣģ
ƣһʲô
˵ŷѧԺֲãһⲻͷ˲
Ťͷ㣬ҲЩƮЩˡ
ǻ׳ӣ˵һ䣬Ҳûʲô뽫ѧԺ˵ò֪˱ڹ
ָǵıӣǸں˵˵ǷѧԺ˵ô˵ǰ˶ˡ
󣬹Цȫֻ˵ȫʵ飬ڱͲǵ¶ˡ
ǿ뿪ط˵ָǣ
ǲΪҪǷѧԺĵס
˫ŤһֱӴӽָռгһѳȥȴûѧԺͳá
ǼˣЦҲû˼ɵûѧԺ͵ãҲ̫˰ɡ


1316 ʲô

ҧгݣúüĽ򵽵ģǾȻ˵
ֱ
ͺһµ˲䣬һϵħҲű
顱һϵħֱϮһԵʯ飬ʯ׷׶䣬ŪЩͷ
ǿ㣬ȫŭ
ʲôͻȻϵħ뽫ɱ𣿡
ŮҲ̫˰ɡ
ܵÿ죬Ȼ㳥
һͷģЦ⣬мֵ⣬ôʲôֻǱСʯͷҵ˶ѣֲҪǵС֡
Ǽ̬ţ˿ûлڸĵ˼ɤӴ󺰴
ѧԺʵ̫ţҪɱ˰
һﶼҪȥѧԺǲţûгģǰ츳ҲҪھͲҪˣвǣҪǵ
ҿ㿴ѧԺǧҪϵˡ
һɤӺúЩǰҪһɶ½ŲˮҲ˼¡
ǿѵʯʱ򣬲ͷһֱӵͷˡ
ˣеŭǼֱ̫
۸˵ġֺߺ˼䣬ٳֱ֣Ťͷ뿪
һ뿪ΧҲÿտ
㿴뿪ıӰеŭɫôҲѹ£ŤͷһԵѧʵҵıѧԺ͵Ĳã
ѧ󣬲һҲ֪˵
ҧͷĲˬ˼֣ǵ˵仰ҵôã
һǧģɹˣҲǳϲ
£ȴ˵ѧ򴽽ǣ˵ȷǼõģѧԺûǺĻȥ
ǸղſЩˣǳã
Ʒ͸࣬ϺټУҲۡ
źܲѧԺһȣѷɫ˺ܶࡣ
ǲ˵͹
۾Ҿ͹ȥ
䣬̴̳ѧԺķȥ
ѧԺ˿ַǳдкöǰִһЩʶܲ
ЩǷѧԺģڣȴѧԺȥ
ЩҲǰǹ޳ܵġһ̧ʱǧȾڸ̨ϣЦŹۿŵµд
ǵģУ߿ڱ߳ĸ㡣
ǧԣһӣӾºÿΪˡ
ˣӲɵɴ˼֡
ǧôܿдԺö㡭УǸѧôʸ濴ģ
ҲӦμд
һԽǧԽò˳ۡ
ʱ̨ϵѧΪˣԶȡһƷ
һ˲˲ţƷȡʱȻɴ˫Ҳ
ôЩôôã
ôͨ͸ô񼶵ˡ
еֱûⶫǻһǧҰ򴽽ǣ˲ҲЩҡҡ׹ʵ޷ʵ͵ľȻĶá
ⲻʵ̫ˡǧڹۿűܵһǿҵߣĿͶȥܿ㿴㡣
գգ۾ȵ̾һǸǷѧԺôҲѧԺˣѵ̽鱨ģ
ȾҲܿ췢Ĵڣڰ֣̽鱨ΣǷѧԺûƵҪЧ£ҲûõЧ
ǰǧüһģҲҵˣȻҲֻǶʩЧѡ
Ⱦͬصͷñ㲻
ξһ࣬ü۵Įĺܡ
̨ϵıڼ㿴һѰѱͳ۵Ľ
ָ⣬һʱ侹뿪
ûһһЩѧĴڣѧԺƽҲܵѧԺĴѹȻ࣬Ҳǡ
λͲһˣûôȴǳ裬˵޵ݡ
Ǻ޼㡣
ͻȻ֣¾鲻򵥣ǰΧסˡ
ԼΧһȦɻعҲƽһĨŭɫʲô
ѧԺѧӣһ뵽Լĵϣ׳˼ֵӡ
ӦʲôŶ԰ɣ
ǣǷѧԺˣʱ䣬ͻȻܹǵɣ



1317 һ˵ˣͲ~

ǷѧԺ˱ͺ޳ܣ϶ġ
Щ˵һָҧŤˣǱ˵ҾĻЩĵ飿
ѧ۾ǲš
ǲţǷѧԺǹƶˣҲ˵ġ
˵ĿģȻǾͲ뿪
ǵĻһɣ޲ýһŪ˵ˣûκĿģپݵĻͱҲ
ѧԺѧĿͲɨš
˵ûĿģ㶼вˡ
Ҳ̫ˣѧԺĵ̣㾹Ȼ޿ֵġ
ŶͷҪˣҶ˵ĺˣôͲأ
ѧɲӣƺҪյЩԹһֻ
ѧɲΪһŵģҧҧеĻֱ˳üһܿ콫ȡ˳
ѧǿеĳɵɴ˫
㣬㻹˵ûĿģ㣬ȡˣûĿ˼𣿡
޿֣ңöİ
ѧһһ˵ţ׷ָĲǡ
Ҳ̲ס־ϵħ
ʱ򡭡һŮģżЦ
㣬ôĻóϵħѧԺ𣿡䣬ǧѾӸ̨Ծ£ǰ
ˣһ¡
ǧģô͹˰
ѵѵ
ҧгݣǧĿҲóϵħʲô¶УóЩ˵Ҫ㻹ḻ
ǧŭЦô˵ԩˣ
ԩңѧԺʵҰһֱҲţʲô˼ǵͨ졣
ǧתеЦǳǳģƯǾ㲻ţΪʵ̫죬˻ŽϵħжԵѧԺ𣿡
ҧһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǧֵΪǸ˶ã㶨ȻҳӵģҪ㲻ŰҾûʲôԡ
ѧǼǧһֱڰ˵͵ǰһ˿϶ģȻ⣡
ǧЦſһۣЦȻԣ㵽ʲôأ
ҧгݣҾ㿴ġ
ǧüºɣ𣿡
򴽣ȻˣΪʲôģ
ǧЦЦǳΪҳӵİ
ͷûУ˵Ҿġ
ǧٴЦԭˡܷȽЩ۾һ˵˱ˣͲˡ
аޣȴǽ
£˰ɣšüû˵һ䡣
ǧʼ磬ЦʲôðӦѧԺЩѧûУҲڶġ
һЦҲ𣬶𣿡
ѧǺٺЦˡ
Աӣǲ֪жˬ죡
ǧתͻȻЦ㣬㾹Ȼпգûѧɣ
Ŵ꣬ɫò԰
ı¶ˣǱ߸ûġЩԲ֪
̧°ͣװܸ˵ӣ˵ˣﲻҪ̫֡
Ŷ𣿡ǧü˸һĨζ
ǸЦЦģͷһܾЩˣһȻģΪҪƭ㣿
ǧЦһΪеĽû뵽ôæô㲻ȥæʲô֣
㽫ĿͶ𴦣ܾЩ飬ʲô¶ȥĶȥĶܵ𣿡
ǧŭЦɰɣҲ㡣
򴽽ǣβʹŰɣҲ㡣ǧ˵źһתüҲһɫʲôѧԺ飬ͱǲ
ɤͳһɺ˵ζ
Ȼһ˫ҲʧɫǺǣҿɲҸСˣ㻹Ǳˡ
ǧȥеɫЦֻδȻѡ
аޣȴҶ˵Щʲô
ֳ̨ϿһۣͷֽƷȡַλѧǼõģʱӨ󷢹⣬ֱֱסˡ
ĺúãҲӵа


1318 ƤĽ

ôǵɣǧ֪Ѿסˣƿ˵һ䣬ЩƷӽ񼶣ѧǶϲĽǲҲϲ
ٽĿƿߵЩƷѣҲУǻһǧģɱЩöˡ
ԣôϲأ
ֻϲԼ
ǧ󣬴ǵЦŨǰźرãƷ֮͵ȵģȻҲҪһǧǲǱ˰
󣬰ҧ㶮ʲôҵƷõģµأ˵
ǧһ֪ĽƱѡ
ۺ첱ӴֵģʵڿĽ
ǧЦЦڷ·ۼһĨͼڽ
ǿڵļڽޣ뵽ӣֻҧҧȫΡ
ʱ㻹˵ЩʲôͼһѧԺѧٱܶϴŻţʱϵĻһЩ
Ⱥǰվ
㿴һۣǾʧǵЩۣüͷʵŻųɺͳ
ѧһȴڴһʱҲûչ
ˣݺݵصѧۣŻŵĵûйأպСԺϳѧԺ
ѧһͷҲ˼־š
ǧڽѵѧɳ˵һ䣬㣬㿴˼ŵãʲôأ
㽫ĿͶ𴦣һǧӡ
ѧҲʱڣ㣬ҵȷм¡
ۿѧһۣµģʲô¾Ϳ˵
ѧҲΧģæǿ˵Ժոճˣûյѧڷأֲ˺ˡ
һͷɲ˼£Ժˣ
ѧ뵽ԺǺ˵ģ̿ˮаʱ˰ɡˣ㣬˵ٲȥĻѧɡ
˶Щҡҡ׹
ѧǲܵģôѧءˣھͻȥ䣬ת뿪
ǧվһԣģţ𴽰꣬˵㣬㲻˵յ˲ѧرʲôģʲô
ȭͷ
ǧƿ촽ֵĪǣûʲôѧղ˵ҲϹ˵ģ
ҧҧǲ˵
ǧ˫ֻأ֮еļڽŨ˰ˣ㻹ǿЩȥɣԺأǻȥĻҪѧˣأѧԺǲģ˭ǰٻģɵ˲ˡ
û˭˵ҪѧԺҲ
ģ츳ǺܺãҲƲСǧָ⣬˵Ļˡ
Ҳ̲סת뿪ˡ
ǧ뿪ıӰٴһر⡣
һߣҲӸ̨һԾ£ղ˵Щʲô
ģ̌еЦҲû˵ʲô䣬˭֪ĳôֱӾˡ
ŵСģǼһ£ƤĽ
ǧ΢䣬ԼģҵȻ÷̼䰡
ЦЦ繡
ˣǲ˵ˡǧڰ֣ܿ콫Ժ󣬡ǻظ̨ϣȥ̨ɡ
εһִ䣬ʱܿ콫˸̨
ȾЦһ䣬ղں˵ʲôȻ˵ôã
Ҳû˵ʲôǧЦŰڰ֣΢䣬˵ûӣתͷˡ
㰡ȾЦָüۼЩΣ֪ǧ˵Ĺһ˿˿ͬ顣
ôһˣͦģҲ֪ܲܵס
ǧ̯ƣü֮ЩΣͦ޹ģ˭ԼģҲܼ˭
ȾٴʧЦˣȲ˵ˣ˵˵εдᡣ
ǧ˷䣬ͷһͬϣȾ˵ǳЦŵ˵ʲô
Ⱦ΢䣬ɫ˲εдķǳȻƷ˺ܶ࣬ѧǵʵߣɾʮģҲΪεдỹ˲ǰȻҲ˲츳õ
ǧĦϵĲ豭Ҳ¶ЦݣͦõİټȥѧԺ죬ʱڵķѧԺҪǣɾˡ



1319 ǷѧԺҲͰ

ȾһҲͬصͷǰóǸõ
ǧüΪŵòġ
Ⱦͣǰò
˵˵ЦЦ̨еıȴڼšһߣȥԺ󣬿ıɢһԺںɫĶԵʮֿ¡
ֻȥһۣȴ̲סܸܵԺźô
̿ˮ˹ȥδỽԺ
Ժ̧һۣһ۰ܶɸȴŭ⡣
ŵûһ˶ɪɪʹԺŶ˿ģԾֺܵ·УȻ
Ժ򴽰꣬ٴλһȫǲ
Ժ⺧Ȼղôûˣ
û뵽һѧˣŪһѧûյ治ӦðôҪ齻
ҸղȥѧԺҧҧž޴ѹŽһĻ˵
ԺüͷԽԽ˶ɢȻŭ㾹ȻȥѧԺ֪֪ǺѧԺͷ
һ㶣֮ŵͷ֪ġ
ԺеŭȣģˣȻ֪ǺѧԺͣôȥĪǣѧ˼ˣ
ƴҡͷҲȫǾţΪԼԺģҲûҪѧֻѧԺʵ̫ǾЩֶΣЩǰȫ˹ȥ
𣿡Ժüһղ̫Ȼѯѧ㵽ȥʲôˡ
˵Ҳȷʵ
æͷģѧԺʵ޳ܣǾȻʱһдֹ̨ˣǻ׼˴׼͸Щʵ
ԺһתӮ˾͸
ȥǸ뷨
ҡͷӮֻҪʵ˶õһƷЩǰѧԺ󷽣Ȼͱ˹ȥʵ޳ܵĺܡ
˵ЩʱЩҧгݣǿѧԺǸŵģ
ҲƷͷԺлһ⣬Щ𣬶Σ
򴽰꣬¶ѧԺҲòЩǼõģԣҲõһѡ
ԺЩǼõģӽƷˡҧ¶ĹâرãԶԶŶܸܵЩ
Ժ󣬾þòȴ¶˿Ĺâ
ԺЩµصͻһ
Ҳ֪˶ãԺƿ꣬ζ˵һ䣬ǱƵȻǺõģϾǿǡ
Ժû˵ڵȴ˼֡
һ룬ͷҲŴǣʵʲô
ԺԴĿ䵽ϣȻһֶ֪ˡ
Щ飬㲻֪̫ԺͻȻƴ֮дȻֻܰйͳˡ
㱻Żˣ̵ͷҲʳЩʲôˣһ汻ԺϳѧԺ
ˡԺ뵽ʲôƵģֵȻѧԺѧǷѧԺҲ԰
жʱһĨЦ⣬ԺҲ׼ЧѧԺѧ
ͣΪβͣԺһۣüһУⲻЧ£ֻһֶζѡ
ͷԺĻеԺ׼͸ѧЩʲôö
Ժһ˳˼
վһԣҲûҳȥ
Ҳ֪˶Ժſ˵ȷöѧȴټļ۸ֺܹҲʼɡ
Ҳ
һɾܹģҪ׼϶ܶ࣬Ȼ֪ѧԺͨʲôȡõģǷѧԺӴĲ
ԺҪ͸һ´꣬Щʵ
Ժһۣüͷ΢΢һȻҪͣѵûǸ
ſˮԼԺЩ˼ƺԹͷһҡҡͷԺҲûǸ˼˵ҪǾͿ϶а취õһ֣ѧԺǰ˶Ȼղˡ
Ժģ˵ҲȻһ䣬º˼֣¶ȻֻܽҪҳ֣Ҫж١



1320 ޳ܵķ

䣬Ժ۾ڸ⣬Ҳ֪λš
Щɵգգ۾ȴֲʣֻܸЦԺһܽѧԺݺݲڽŵˡ
ǰԺ̾һһ뵽ܽѧԺ²ڽŵ£;øãȻܽǧսʵЩź
һɫȻѿ˼֣ԺǧԼͨ͸ҪѧԺźˣοҪսأܴܹӿֻǴɶѣܹôο໹ҪǸǧ
ڸղţͱǧݺ˵һֱͨڻʲɿǧǷѧԺǸǧ˵
ɣԲɣ
ἫǧԼƤӵ»εأ
˵Ժüͷٴ壬ܹȻǸǧҲܲ࣬ܽŪ϶ѧԺԪˣ˿̿ͨ͸ȹЩӶȻܿͨ͸֪ĸѧԺõġ
䣬Ժһƶ
ҧһ
ǸǧʲôõģȻôִ㻹ҧҧ˵Ժ˵üǣǧһ׵ġ
ˣͷмǷܱȹѧԺġ䣬Ժռָеȡ
ǼƷԣżΪ
һȫû뵽Ժգۼóôõϸ˼ۣͷЩܷ񣬷·ֻҪһӣܽеĶնϣʵںõĺܡ
ԺЩĺܺð򴽽ǣ¶
ôõĺӵСѧԺأ˭ãԺһ䣬ƴ˼ּС
΢٣ϸϸǰ˼ۣǰǺܺãѧԺãֹâַ˾ޣǰأȻҲܲԶûе޵ĳ̶ȣֻǿ˵Ϻá
ҶԺ˵ֻӲͷƤ˵ȻԺĸˣѧԺܺԺȣ
ԺϵЦŨȻЩ۹⡣
ɰͰһЦ֪˵Щʲô
Ȼô۹⣬Ҿͽ͸㣬ϣܺúΪǷѧԺ¡䣬ԺͽһѳݵС
գգ۾ЩܳؽӹлԺлԺ
еĳöˣȻѧԺ͵ĲһЩϲĽϾֻѲһЩľۣûɲµġ
ôϲԺҲЦϲͺãԺҪѧԺ£֪𣿡
æͷ˺ôӦõġ
Ȼˣھȥһ¡ԺŤͷ㣬¶Цͷһݡ
򴽽ǣСһ䣬Ժʲô
ԺüһƿȫֵӣҴϢȥѧԺһƷ
һŵιȥԺھʹϢȥ𣿡
ЩʶȤԺüͷһڿĺʱΣڶϢȥҪȵʱŴϢȥ
ȣŵһԺģҶὫϢݳȥġǣĶ࣬Ժڶʱ׼ô𣿡
Ժڰ֣һͷֻҪϢݳȥͳɣòġ
㲻ʣֻܵͷ
ԺȴĦָһЦռָǣǲԼƣϾǻİԺЦһеԡ
ſˮܳȥϢȥˡ
һߣǧȴ֪ѧԺ˻޳ܡ
֪ʱвѾȥˡ
ǧŶӵԽԽ٣ɷеĲյЩɻô£ղͦ࣬ôһӾ˴룿
ȾҲʶ㣬üͷһ壬ȷʵ˲٣ѵķѧԺʲô޳ܵķˣ
ǧһĦ°ͣܣҪҪȥ
ȾȻסģɳһѧǰȥ̽
ŹһյĹѧɫܵʲôίһ
Ⱦľã̳ʵôˣкβԵĵط𣿡
ǧҲѧȥüۼͬɻ󣬡ʲô˵㲻˵ԶҲ֪ʲô
ѧһΪ߿ԺѧԺʵ̫޳ˣ˵ֶΣȻҲʼˡ
ȾüͷɵͺһȻô޳ܡ



1321 Ǻġ

ǧĦŲյͬҲüͷ
΢䣬˿ڣͬҲô˵ֶв֮ͬ
ԣѧӷ߿ֹǲֱͬǸŸȥġֻҪȥѧԺܵõһ
ô󷽣ѪǧһüۼһĨڽ
ѧսȭͷߵɲǣҪҲͰ
Ⱦһԣ䲻ɰ˼֣һЩ߶Ǵ½ϣǾȻЩϣֲͶͷ
ӵĻЩ˺ܿͻģʱǻҪѧԺ͸ָĶķΪˡ
ѧԺȻҲʺǲͬġ
ûѧǲͶ񣬶дķʽѧѸٽɳǶ£Ǹϲֽĸо
ɷѧԺȴǷСֱ˶ĵĽ
ȾеķŭΡ
ǧŤͷȾ˫ŭӣǼΪѧδģѧͶ񣬼пܶ䣬ͱú뽫ѧԺĸо
ţ֮̾һһηѧԺȷʵ޳ܣǣǵһǺãȾǲЩˣǻֻǿأ
ȾһеŭҲȥ˴룬̧ǧɻȻ˵˵Ĳ̫¶ˣҪӦȥ̽̽ǵΡ
ԣҪȥҲܺǱߵεġǧﴽ꣬ŤͷȥΣΣҲӦȥǵɣ
εͷǳ˵Ӧȥġ
ǧüͬҲЦ
ʱ򡭡ѧ˼ȴһ¡
ղźʲô˵ĶղţǧΣ
֪Ǹ
ѧʶοһۣͼһϮɫͷҲƯס
봫еӺ
ѧȻɴҲֳһĨ˼飬ѵǴ˵еĴʦΣ
ɴеĴʦٳŵһֱֺص״̬ô񾹵ѧԺˣǧĹϵҪãǣ߻һӣžһƵġ
֪ѧĺһٴ´Ǽۣȴ֮ľٶůģҲܰȷǺһ˵ӡ
ѧ򴽽ǣܾúʲô˵һ
Ⱦѧ˼ǰ·׼ȥѧԺ
ڷѧԺڷַ˶ֵʱȥ˹Ҳ˵ע⣬ʱܿǵʵǲġ
ѧһͷãԺ
ǰЩʵҲͦȥѧԺģǸʱλʹ߶˵ѧԺжôãֻҪȥ˾ܵõԴƾѡʱЩĶȴٹһ¡
û뵽žͳд飬ټͳôãÿ»ֻܽ׬ѧͷѧԺҲֹˡ
·ѧԺȴͻȻЧ£о޳ܱɵӣͳĶȻֻЩأȻˣ
Ȼãѧȥˣܾǳ䵱ģʲôԴʲôֻһ˵ֶΡ
룬ֱ£ûѧţܿ͵˷ѧԺ
ϵ壬ڵķѧԺַǳǶŶӣűõǱƷ
ӭ£ϹЦ⣬ż̰
൱µڱĺ¶Щ˵ȻûˣԺֵܶڱ¶ٺòˡ
ȾˣɫȻһ䣬ѿǳЩ϶룬Ժֻͺˡ
ЩڶıԵϾҪȥˡǧһۣҲ̾Ϣһ뷨һֻ࣬Ҫķˣʱͳ˷
Ⱦ˫ȭɫѿЩŬȫȻȻӣѧԺǸԺǺģΪ˺ѧԺһȻôĵķ
ȥЩΰɡǧƿ촽
η䣬̫࣬ǲÿһȥƾͻǵע⡣
ǧһ˵úе
ǾøעȥǧüתĿ䵽ѧϡ
ѧ·ǽӵʲôΰ̾˾֣õȥȡԻĵģǵע⡣


1322 ĵ

ǧͷˡ
ѧһ֣ص˹ȥ
ܶ࣬ѧԺҲЩæˣǻΪѧԱҲǰ̾ͽˡ
ѧӹȫϲı飬˳ǧǵķȥ
Ժõˣ㿴ûǵĺãѧ˵ؽݵȾС
Ⱦһüͷɽһ
ǧ¾òԣҲȥһֻۣһ̲ס˳ε½ǣΣϢЩϤ
üĿһģһϤĸоǣҵġ
䣬ǧɫҲŨ΢΢ૣҲĸоȻƷûѧԺĺãǣȴһҵϢЩˡ
ȷʵ֡ƿǶʶҵˣû˵ĸ˶۹ƷͻȻִϢ˲ò⡣
ǰǧü΢΢һ̾
ȾҲ뵽һ㣬üͷٴν塣
ǧȾȥͼɫЩԣüһ䣬Ⱦ壬ɫܲԾǲ뵽ʲôǹЩģ
Ⱦ΢㶣عʶҡҡͷ֪
ǧһüͷ΢΢ţ治֪ҼıЩԣ
ȾҡͷûҪ˵˼֪˵ĶԣȷЩ˵ϢЩЩӣҪ֪
䣬Ⱦüͷٴһ
ʵЩ뷨ģδѧԺԺҲ̫ƶֻװ֪һвˣź˵
ȾûҪ˵˼ǧҲûмȥ׷ʣֱȾȻ֪Щʲôģ˿̲˵ֻǲ²ѡ
ǧŤͷΣ˿̷Ҳڿж΢ͷҲƺ˲뷨
ʱȾõֵռָУȷ߰ɣҪúоһ£ΪλϢ
ǧǳЦŵͷð֣ɵõһʱǡ
Ⱦ󣬲ɵͷ׵ġ
˷ѧԺ֮Ǳ뿪
Ȼ˶֣ױ֣ܹ黹Ҫעã뿪ߵʱҲܵ͵δѧԺ˷
ȥԺȾ˵һͼ߻ط䣬ͷ·ʲôҪҪȥһ
ǧˣüͷȻߵǺǰйذɣ
뿪ıӰ˼ȷʵܣǱʱɫ΢䣬һصӣлɶˡ
ǧ󣬲ͷǰ˵ϢԲѰ
Ħ°ͣһʱȴ˵
ǧ̾һڰֵȾҲûҪ˵˼ҲöʣֻһһˣϣȾܾǴ𰸡
ƿ꣬ϣˡ
ǧǣŷε֣ɵߣǻطȥϲС̰˯ǰװ״ֻ棬Һƨɡ
δһȥˡ
С޶ȷʵ̰˯ȷӦñСƨɡ
ǻطʱ򣬷ϲ˯С˵ģ΢ţʲôΣˮˡ
ǧһֻۣͷڷϲֵСƨһ¡
ϲҰͣһԸӡ
ǧˣеЦڷϲֵСƨ˼¡
ϲ֡ءһŲ鲻ԸԼƨɣ۾˲Цףǰ
䣬ϲִһǷСǺ˵ģرĿɰ
ǧ»ϲ˼ѡ
ϲֽһеȥ˲٣ƿ꣬Цףô󱦱ᱻ󻵵ġ
ǧƿ꣬Ц˵ôɰôᱻأ
ϲβ
ǧ𴽰꣬·ҪȻˡ
ϲ룬̧СƨһԶǧУʵףд𣿡
ǧͷ棬ر֣öˣǸѧԺǵңҲѧó˺Щ
ϲһСҲ¶˷ŭɫ찡ǸѧԺҲ̫޳˰ɣȻ飬ǴҪǹȥˡ
ǧЦŵͷǰǵȷĵףرľء
ϲŴ꣬һ䣬ѧԺӦ֮𣿡


1323 ֻǴء

ǧЦȻҲеģԴǽַȥԺѾȶģҲյ˲ʱڣѧԺĹǲóѵġ
ϲһֱֵֵǾͺãǿ߷ѧԺŵ̬ˡ
ǧ򴽣ЦҲߡ
˵øˣҲߡ
ϲּιҲЦ˵УǲǺܺð
΢㶣һſ˵ĵġ
ϲֺٺһЦñ㲻˵ˡ
ܰǳ¾֮С
ȾǱȴûôá
ٴνǰȡܵϵϢʱɫٴһ䣬񿴵ʲôµĶһ
£Ⱦ֣ʾЩ
¼ˣ̧˹ȥʵȾ壬к£
Ⱦϣصǲʶ֮У
´˼ֻۣ⼸ȴ΢΢һȻɴ񿴵ʲôֲĶһȾ壬⡭
Ⱦ˫дб֮ɫҲоˣ԰ɣ
ʶͷɫҲ˼֣棬Ϣ԰ɣ
Ⱦ򴽲ɫȴѿˡ
ҧҧ˵Ǹ˲Ѿϳˣ˺ǴδΪνʱջͻȻ֣ͷѧԺйϸ𣿡
Ⱦüͷſ˵ĻȻбºͷѧԺ˹һھ£ڷѧԺĵλܻͣǡ
ʲôüһ
ѧԺԺȾеļ֮ɫй
󣬲ЩҲԭأȾ徹ȻΪǷѧԺԺͱϳвһѧԺ
ȾϣһĻ£Ͳⷽ澭㡣
һָⲻ߬ˣĻͻȻ֣ΪģҪ𣿡
ܰɡرġȾ̾еÿҪ
ҧҧֲãѧԺǲԸԭ
Ⱦڰ֣Ҳֻǲ²⣬һҪȷ֪
æͷûһǸˣǾˣҾðɣҲֻǴأ
Ⱦ̾Ϣϣ˰ɡ
鲻ã򴽣㲻˵
Ⱦ壬ûʲô飬Ҿͳȥˡ²ϲĬգܾرѹ֣Щѡ
Ⱦһ˵ͷͻȻıһȥ
䣬˱粢뿪ˡ
յͦӦѧԺĻģǵ츳ܲҲϲʱֲϽĸоԣѧԺǼΪʺǵġ
ЩԭͶԷѧԺмһˣȻֻҪܵõһĻ˶Ŭѧϰˣ϶Ὣ˵Ķȫ
ֱ¼ˣ
ѧԺͲһˣͬʱȴѧǵͶÿ˵Ǽõġ
ӦΣѧԺʲôоȾһּͬһ²رлȾһ䡣
һ㽫ĿͶȥһȾˣ䴽һЦü֮ҲһĨɫ
ԺѧԺǼõģرӦ
ǣѧԺС룬ܽѧԺرġ
Ҳǣĵģ
ϵĻЦݣȾٴι𴽽ǣָֻȻ̬֮Ӧˣˣ¸ҲҪμдᣬǿҪŬʵߣȻɾ͵òƷˡ
䣬ȼܶǽսȭͷ
ԺģһŬԼģ
ǰǽѧԺΪԼϽΪ½ħʦߣ
ȾпοΪĵҲɢˣֻҪڣͲǸ˺ġ
¼ɫãɹ𴽽ǣͷҲɷ˼֡
ʱѧԺַǳԺǰʢ΢΢
֪Լİ취ǲģһΣҪѧԺٴһ겻
뵽˴Ժһ䣬Цշǳ
һߵˣһ˶Щˡ
֪ǲǴܾԺЦЩ죬ͷ·ʲôһľ
ȥƣֻԼ
ʱһŰ£ϴߵӻÿһߵüΪƽȣһ˫մȾͬһ
ߣԾɳ


1324 ˾ӣ~

ĳ˶ͣˣһĿͶϣȴδоһǰš
ߵĵطʱŶ½Ųϵһִ
ģʳһµʱУȻɣô˲˵ҲСġ
ϸϸĦ棬һ˫ںһĨЦ⡣
ܸܵϵϢܶأҲҪѰҵġн£Цŵ˵ͷǰŷѧԺһ治
Ŀ佱һ죬ߣģ϶ȥ
Ժ󷽣뵽ӡЦţǶ˲ҲԾ˼֡
й𴽰꣬ˮżͣЩǼõģҲϺٳֵģǷѧԺ󷽰
ٴιһЦȻǷѧԺǳĴ󷽣ѧԺǲͬ
΢΢һЦĿͶʱ򣬲ѯʣǵԺźصӣ
ƽûİ˽ȴϸûаֲͣǵģǱԺǴŶ񣬵ȷصĺܡ
ԶԺһϮɫͷϴźɫںɫԵĪ⣬ܷǳ
˼ۣǲһĨ⾡ԣǴŶ񰡡Ƕ֪ģ𣿡
ͷǰǶ֪ġ
ԭˡȻصͷ
ָ⣬ЩŵʣǸ㱨𣿡
ġƿ꣬
ֻЩ㱣һóֽͱʣдְɣħʦдħͣ߾дߺˡ
󣬵˵ͷֽʣֽдԼ֣ħ͡
һ˲˲ţֻֻдһ˾֣˼ۣǾЩ
˾˾أһתֻһ䡣
ˣͱϳȥˡ
й˹ǣǳЦǴӼ͵͵ܳģֲ͸¶ҵȷ˾֣պ㻽Һˡ
üüۼ¶һĨߣұ㻽˾Ӻˡ
ԣ˵ͷЦȻǿԵģҵҡ
ϵĽζŨּȥɵһ
ֻħһﾹȻд˻ϵͷϵ죬ȻҲǸ˫ϵħʦ
ϵΪǿħϵٶȣҲǺܲġ
ϵΪϵ٣ϵħһ𣬸εǿ󰡡򴽽ǣŰеֱ˼֣˾ӣ㾹Ȼ˫ϵħʦӵлϵͷϵ
еͷЦʣкβ֮𣿡
Ȼҡͷ˼֣ûвףֻǾ̫ˣ˾ȡѧԺܹҲ˫ϵħʦϵͱϵȻҲܹûлϵġ
Ϊǫѷϵϵõõܲģǿ
һٴЦŸ͵ǰѧԺܹӵȷǿҲ֪ܹӴ򶷣˭ܹӱأ
йЦǳ£Ҳֻд֪ˡ
ٴεͷĿС
ʱԺĿͼ˵ͣߵİȲƽ˵ģ
Ժ̧߹ȥʵ˵ЩʲôҲ𣿡
ǿһֽۣĿͶ˰ϡ
ԺͻȻĲһ£ּڵԺ˾ӣȷģ֪λ˾ӾȻǷ˫ϵħʦǸɶõ˲أ
Ժ⾪˼֣´˰мۣ˲¶һĨ͵ı顣
ᣬȳɾͣʵĽԺߣź룬Ŀ
Ц
Ժ˲ļһͨĳĵӰɡ
ϧȻߣ˿ģ
ѧԺͬһҲ˫ϵħʦֻǱϵϵԺƿ꣬ѧԺҲ˫ϵħʦһжųΣľ˫ϵһǧ׻˫ϵ
˵ǧԺһȦȻǶΪġ
ǧԺȴ΢һ£ڵıȴԿ塣
ǧȻѧԺ


1325 һȥ~

׻ǹǿħλǧģȻʮɣһ䡣
ԺüеŨͦģȻѧԺ䣡
е̾ǻĺǿ
վһԣҪȥˣ̳ǿʲôǿ˾˶ȻܽǧܣǺαس־Լأ
кЦſһۣ
Ժȴǵһۣʾ˵˵ġ
ҧҧĲ˵Щʲôˡ
ԺУЩε˵ҵѧһֱڿ죬ҲĻϡ
еͷ׵ġ
Ժƿֵ꣬ȻѾѧԺǾȽϤһ»Σ
ðеԺ뵽ѧԺС
վԭأֱеӰԶȥŽĿ˻
˵ĺÿɣƲĿ⡣
ֱӰȫʧŽĿ˻
Ѹٽգּʼˡ
ôһյкܶ࣬Щ츳ģае츳ãǷ˫ϵħʦ
ѧԺѧһѧԺЩ棬ȥհݣּϴߣģƲЩʧ䡣
˵Ǹ˾ӵľģѵΪ̫Ե𣿡
ӦòɣʼãӦóò߽Լסǲ뱻ϳɡ
пܰһĸֶǺصġ
ѧߴߴ˵ͣ˵ʵ⡣
˵ܹӺ˾Ӵ˵˭Ӯأ
ҾӦ˾ӰɣϾӵлϵħ
ҲΪ˵ѧԺһҪ𣿡
һѧǷ׷׳ĬǻͦϲܵģϾһϳһʱˣͻȻһҪܵλöȥ滹ͦŤġ
ȿȣҾðɣܹӻͦģӦò˵ʲôģǲЩ̫ˣ
ǰܹӵġ
ѧ˵ţͿܴ˽ɴһϮ£ޱ飬ŷࡣ
ѧǼˣĲһ£뵽Ǹղ˵ĻЩ顣
ܳǿһۣ˵Ǹղ˵ʲôѧԺʲôˣ
ѧǶһۣһſ˵ѧԺһ˾ӵģǷ˫ϵħʦĽ
ȥȷʵȣǷˣܹӣѧԺ˻λ˾ӱڴٲжĻѧԺѧԺеᵴȻ޴ġ
󣬲۾
Ȼ޴棿
ãЩѧǲʲôҪüβ
ѧǼˣЩļֵܹӣĲ׼ȥһǸ˾ӲŸ͵õ˺Щ˵ֱҪ̫Ű
ǰ
ܻǲȴ˾ӵĺ˼֡
ϵϵǼǿħħһӵˣǸжǿ
۾˲䱻ȼ˶ƿ꣬ʶʵ˾ӵģںδ
ѧΪҪȥ˾һѵˣͷϲϲ֣ǲ˵Ǹ˾ӿѧԺţܹһȥɣ
Ҳûʲôԣصͷðɡ
ѧˣĺ֪˾
Ǿϲ飬Ψ²ҵġ
Ҳ֪˶ãѧԺĻ԰ҵ˾ӣǽĿͶȥʱ򣬾ȻҲվ˾ӵԣһߵСŮģ
ñģСŮ˵ľٶѡ
ɰȴһˣľٶģֻǽֺһˡ
ȴ֪ΪԼĿ࿴ŻԼ˵ô໰ġ
ѧǼˣŴ꣬ɫҲ˼֡
찡㾹Ȼ˾ߵ¶ı飬ܹӰɣ
ôܣһֱܹӰĽмӣͻȻأ
飿ʲôôܺ˾ߵ
ѧ˵ţ׷ָĲǣȴûκθо
ûʲôо񣬼תĿ꣬˿Ҳ
ѧȴвͬ뷨ܱ΢仹Ϊˣͬά
ܹӿ϶Ҳϲģǣ㾹ȻˣÿɺްǸ˾ҲǿɺޣŸոѧ͸ô飬ͲܰһЩ


1326 ô

ѧҧҧŰеĿоǶ˼ֵ
ǲʲôɽĿͶѧϣּܱѧǴӵţˣȤüë
ܹˣɹ𴽽ǣЦܹӣҲ˰λ˾ӣѧԺյѧ˫ϵħʦ츳ɺˡ
ѧǼˣһ꣬ȻһסˣȻһֱڰ˵ûܹӻǿ
ѧǷ׷ߣǵĿҲ·ŵӡ
ˣЩĪģôоѧǵĿЩԾأ
ô˰üʳ
ѧɽţ
ٴüɫҲѿ˼֣ô˵ô˰
ѧǶһۣſ˵㣬ô˾ߵǲǡ
˼ˣ
ֻ˵˵ȴʡ
ûзӦһŷӦ˹˫һ죬ü֮ҲһĨ֣Ǳ˵˵ֻǴ˾ϤһѧԺѣ
ѧ滹Щɣȴûˡ
վһֽ࣬ĿͶϡ
˾˵ܰõǲҲܳ˫ϵħʦȻܰء
ܣгĿ⻹ϡ
ɵͷܡ
һЦ󣬡˾
ܵޱ顣
վһܹ࣬ӣλ˾ӣҲ˫ϵħʦǷ˫ϵѵð
û˵Ŀȴһֱڰϡ
жĿ⣬ǲϹ𣬡Ҹʱ򣬾Ժعһֱڿ㣬㱾žЩ޲飬ȷǿ
Ҳǡܿڣޱ飬ȴϡ
߼ˣٴιһЦ
ѧվһ࣬ǳٳٲ֣üͷ
ԭΪ˾鷳ģ˭룬ǾȻˣڱ˴˿ű˴ˣĸͲһ
˵ǲ׼
ѧҪȴֲƻǰգļˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãſ˵Ҿǿһ
䣬ȼŶ־þò
мˣüǸöļǿ˰ûŴӦеЦȴԽԽ࣬ģżֹ˷ܸС
ѧ˵ģȴҲ˷
ǹȻҪ򶷵ˣܹӺðȻ˳
λ˾ӵľȻûڵһʱӦ˰ɣ
ѧתͷУ֮ŨŨУϣпЩӦǾܿһʢħˣ
ƿ꣬ͻȻѯʣҪҴ𣿡
ܵͷģᶨǵġ
ˡЦЦֵҵһѧԺЩʣϢһ£緹ٱ԰ɣ
Ȼ̫Ϊͷãԡ
дһƺ⡣
ѧȻЩʧ䣬ԣѪҲϢ˳ȥѧԺ֪Ҫ飬Щ֮Աǵġ
ѧԺѧǲ˵Űԡ
˵ǸܹӵģȻҪһˡ
Ҳ˵ˣǷ˫ϵħʦžر
찡ȻҲ˫ϵӵлϵħѧԺǧҲ˫ϵģ׻˫ϵأ
ѧԺǧ϶Ǹʲô
ѧǲ˵ţǧһڳʱ򣬱ǵЩ
ǧͷοȥڿ佱أѧԺȻյô
ƿ꣬Ӧյ˰ɣȻҲߵ
ǰǧͷֺɫģȻܸںܱԣǷŰ
ЦЦȴ
ϲһţƿ꣬ףⳡԺֵͦӣǳԹ緹ܲ͵͵ѧԺȥ
ȻǿԵġǧҲ棬ԥ˵š
ȥš
˾ô˵ˣԹ緹ȥѧԺơ
ܿ͵緹ʱ䣬˿ٳԺãƳѧԺķѧԺ
ʱΣѧԺҲڳԷǧһھѰһҰõĵطۿԣҵ˺õطѧԺҲԺ緹
ϢƬ̣ǳԱչˣһ˲ֳü֡


1327 ᱦ

ǧһƣҲڴɵȴܺüô
ϲСͣǰȼˣ
һڴһɧҵɻǲܺ
ǧٴüͷĲͷ
ʱ򣬵µѧǿʼ˵ˣôȥ˰ӵĻǸͿ
ǰΪ͵һħʢء
ʧ
ѧǵĻܿ촫ǧǶϣǧһҲô°ǾȻȥˣ
ϲͬһʧ䣬ףǿ𣿡
ǧȴŤͷ˷Σܿٽ⿪󷨵İɡζĿ⣬ȴҡҡͷ󷨵ȷܽ⿪ǲС
ǧüΪβУ
ƿ꣬ǳ˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲȷʵѣΪһ⿪ѧԺľһǾͻᱩ¶ˡ
ǧһɫѿȻôģһ󷨾ȻǣžǷѧԺô͵Ϯ
Ц
˵ڼ䣬ܺıѾˡ
ѧվͷΡ
ǧۣͬҲ˭Ӯأ
߳󷨵ܣɫͬƽһޱ飬ϸһкһĨ𾪺ǰܣôĪˣ
ԣǸѧĺ
ǧ˫ںܴ򶷵ʱܸܵܵȻԼͱҲǸͻġ
һʤ˵Ǹĺ
ܳѧ̳ȥΧסš
ܹӣղǳô˭Ӯ˰
ܹӮˣ˾Ӱ
ѧر棬Ҳһ˷ܵĹ
ܿǼۣƬ̲ſڵƽ֡
һѧǲԭء
Ȼƽ֣
ôû뵽Ȼƽ֡˵ܺ˾ӵʵͬģ
ѧǾﲻѣöû˵һĻ
ԭվһᣬŷ뿪תʱһƬӺͲʣҲֻԼ֪˾ں򶷵ʱûоȫǸνƽҲ˾ӿģΪ˲ѿɡ
ֻ˾ӱȸ£ϡʲôƽֲƽֵġ
ܸܵ˾ӵ֮ȵյǧҪ˾ڴʱɢѹȸ޽⣬һӾƣûսˡ
̾һܿԶˡ
ѧǲ֪ܵľᣬֻ֪ѧԺֳһλȻܴܺƽ֣ʵ̫ˣʱȥѧԺдĻŴʤġ
ǧϣѧǵĻȫ˸üҲЩȣȻƽ֡ҿʵģһΪء
ϲֻӶСצӣЦǸӮɣԿȥܲʡ
ǧʶͷ
ξǣȴΪ
ʱѧǿе˾ӳˣǧǵĽǶ⣬ֻܿһƬ˰׵½ǣȴʲôˡ
ǧüҪٿʱ򣬾ͷ˾ӵѾת뿪Ƕȿȥֻܿɫ½ƮÿĻȡ
ûһÿĻȶûˡ
ǧˣ򴽰꣬оذѾ߳ˣȴûֻİ·ǱƮ
ϲ°ͣͬ˵ͷǰĺذ
һʱĻѧһҲȱȱԭվһᣬת뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰǧҲûʲôȥˣϷѾˣҲѧԺȥɡ
εͷǿ뿪գۼͻصѧԺС
һΣѧԺյܲҲΪЩʰ£һڿյÿ϶ЦݣҲȫǶºȡ
ǧǻȥʱ򣬿ıĳ
һŬǧһҲ¶οЦݣµѧܲԹ緹ر棬ӡ
ƿ꣬ȷܺãѧԺѧûôˣǿΪԴֳɵģûıҪˡ
ǧһ´꣬ȻǶˡ
̾һǲ
ڿյشվһͼһѧܹ˵ȾǣǸϽȥ
ǧͷɳοһۣȾʲô
ƿ꣬Ҫʲôɡ



1328 ̸

ǧʶͷǰɡ
ûһǧ˾Ⱦס
˿̣ȾǰȲ裬Ҳֱߡ
ǹȾָָԱ߼λӣʾ¡
ԺȾſڵһҪ
ǧһЩգգ۾ʲô鰡
Ⱦ豭£ѵõ˼֣ƿ꣬ղŷѧԺԺ˵Ϊѧиõԣٰһᱦ
ѧԺԺղŴˣǧ²һ档
ȾͷƽûʲôɸղžȻˣһʼΪթ˭֪Ȼٰʲôᱦ
ǧ˵£˵ǶᱦƾѧԺѧȥȻѡʤǷý
ϲĴ˶ñı˼ˡ
Ⱦ˼أǧƿ꣬ȴŨŨ£ѧԺͻȻʲôᱦ϶ʲô׼İɣȻҲͻȻˡ
ȾͷҲΪ˵˲ѧһ˾ӵ츳ܲǷ˫ϵħʦһѧԺٲȻѧĽĶ󡣡
ǧȻصͷȷǸ˾ӵͦ˵ղܱԵʱ˾ʹƽ֣츳ʵǳ
ȾҲϢʶĦԼģѧԺΪ˾ǿѧԲŻͻȻʲôᱦ
ǧֵڴ䣬ҲΪģԣҪҪӦأ
ѧԺܣλ˾ӵģѧԺжųλ㡣Ⱦƿ꣬ǹϺһĹЦݣҲΪѧԺѧԺһأңЩѧǶкܴĽûҪʲôġ
ǧ󣬲ɵ˵ͷȷûȻη壬ǾʹӦˣǲӦԵǺǣʱѧԺɾͲˡ
ȾǾʹӦ
һԵķͻȻѯʣʲô
ȾҪ˵ʵҲܼ򵥣ҪѡһطΪᱦĵص㣬·һÿһҪ±ǣǺɫģЩɫıﲢȫǱҲС
ǧһ˼ˣȵһûȵ׾ܼأһȵƾͻ군
Ⱦ΢΢һ٣˵ʱΣգҲпܲΣգԣҪȷжɱ𿴵ǾڣʱҪʲôΣ壬ˡ
أǧʣûöᱦô򵥡
壬ȻˡȾĦŲ豭棬ֵÿѧԺҪɳʮѧǶʮѧѧԺľӢڱʱһѧԺ˿ңҲԽڱһѧ̭һ̭ͲټμӶᱦ
ǧ˫ʾȾٽȥ˵
Ⱦƿ꣬ԳʣµͶñжʤģʱˣóԽһܻʤ˶࣬ǱˣʱҲһӮ
ǧ󣬲˵ͷҲ˵˶˿ɱһûеĻҲ䣬ԱһʼȡʤģǱ׷ѹˣҪұҪȻǵ䣡
ѧԺ˶ұˣǾһսˣϲĴս
ͦ˼ıǧֵڴ䣬Ṵ꣬ҲЦ⣬ŨŨ¡
£ȾҲЦһ䣬ܸȤμӣ
ǰǧЦŵͷ
ǾͱμӰʱӮĻܽȫߡȾЦ˵һ䣬ЩҲͦϲġ
ǧΣֿһ䣬ĸѧԺ׼ģ
Ⱦƿ꣬ѧԺһͬ׼İɡ
ǧ󣬲ͷԭˣôѧԺҲǺܴ󷽰һΪǻѱȫ׼ˣϾǽǵʱ򣬿Ƿǳ󷽵ģ˵ʲô䱦ѡԴá
ȾЦһûи䱦Դ˭֪أ
ǰ˭֪ءһûȤˡǧ𴽰꣬ҲЦ
ᱦʲôʱУο˿ϵıӣͻȻһ䡣
ȾʣɳһۣҪЩӰɣҲǸոմҲû̸ãһҴȥ̸ɡ
̸ʱǲǾܼѧԺԺˣǧ۾Ҳһ󣬶кմȾһЩĶ



1329 Ϥĸо

Ⱦ΢΢һ㶣ԭǱ뷨ȥġ
ǴӦˣܿѧԺԺһȷǲû뵽ǧҲ뷨ȻǺúŪġ
̸ĻȷܼġȾƿ꣬˵һ䡣
ǧٴƿ꣬Ⱦǹȥʱ򣬾ͰҲȥɣҲܺѧԺԺǺģΪҪѧԺȥ̫ˡ
Ⱦ˵ͷҲҪŪͷãʱһǹȥġ
ǧ󣬴еЦҲ˼֡
ᱦڴ˵ѧԺԺܿʹţ˵ǽȥ̸ϣܵõһ˫ĴӦ
Ⱦպãǧȥ˷ѧԺ
ѧԺĴſڻͬǰЩһŲƴֵģϵҶҲ»ˣúľƳɵģЩҲýдȥġ
µʱӨ⣬Ʋ۾
ΪҪȥ̸飬ǧδϲִϣֱӽҹչˡ
ϲƽҹͦãȻҲԸⱻչ˵ġ
ѧԺȻѾҶ°źˣǿġǧϵҶ̾һ䡣
ĸ̾ЦŴһۣôŪ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷǻǲ˰ɣǽ̸ģġ
ֹ˴ꡣ
վһŽ뵽ѧԺС
ѧһǹΪɵĿ⿴ǡ
ѧԺˣǹʲô
ǰҳӵİɣ
Ӧòɣ˵ЩҪѧԺһٶʲôᱦʲôİɡ
ѧһȻ
ȻҪѧԺһٰҪѧԺ̫ˣҺᰡ
ʲôð˵μӶᱦĶǾӢ㣬ҲûʲôʸμӰɡ
ܹӺ˾ӿ϶ʸμӵģ
ѧߴߴ˵ͣһ˵ѧԺĲãһֽתƵܺλ˾ˡ
ǧ˵Ļ𴽰ЦЦǷѧԺǼΪѧԺģᱦҪչܴҶҪî˾Էһ򡣡
Ṵ˴꣬ҲȾЦ⣬£Ƕ򲻹ȥʱî㾢Ǵˡ
ǧţڷζԽԽˣǰǸϵµĴʦأ
ѧˡͬѹߵֱӴǧϡ
ǧһЩֵؿ˷һۣѧ㣬㱾ʾôһѧͻˡ
󣬴ǳǳţÿǳ
˵Ĳ𣿡ǧüĿڷϡ
ƿ꣬ͣ˵ģȻǶԵġ
ǧһŽĿ˻ȥ
ٴ𴽽ǣһֻǧͷš
ʱѾȣԺס
ǧĿԶһĨ˰׵½ǳУһ㶣̳ɫ½ǵĵطȥֻǿһŰµӳȥܿӰʧˡ
ɫ·ϴκܱԵǸ˾ӣ
صĽÿοûܿģͷ·һֱڸһ̾һ
ôˣδѯʡ
ǧüۣǳ˵Ҹղźֿλ˾ӵˣɻǺϴһֻܿɫ½ǣ࣬ûüʧˣлҪء
ܾ˾ӵıӰóϤĸоԺлġƿ꣬ᱦ϶档
ǧ˫΢΢һûᱦ϶μӣʱܿģˣܾ˺еϤ·һ
û˵ʵҲϤĸо
˵һ󣬱ܿ쵽Ժס
Ժסܻһ֪˺ܶңÿһܾ£·ϵСʯӶǼΪġ
ǧˣһ꣬Ȼƴ֣סǺµڵϵСʯӣҲ⾫£Ҳ˲ٽҰɡ
Сʯӽ£ɢӵĹâ
μˣһ۾ܿ㽫Ŀƿˡ
ǧͬĿƿ
ʱ򡭡һź£źɫӴ߳
ģ̌һۣ۾λӦþǷѧԺԺ˰ɣȻԼء
ǣԸ˿ʵ
ǧ˫һӶλԺݸΪ˼֡
Ⱦͬ۾ԭΪ̸֪Էݡ


1330 ǷѧԺǣ

û뵽ԷȻź£źɫĶǲ֪ݡ
ش磬˲òʲôԺһۣģ˰ɡ
ѹúܵͣԵúܿ⣬Ҳܿɡ
Ⱦ´ۣȴûܿԭģֻϵϢֺܲˬĸо
Ⱦüͷ壬Ҳ˼֡
һԵҲôϵϢܲãʲôˡ
򴽣һӶȾƺЩλԺһ
ԺһۣһЦҲ֪ЦЩʲôЦ֮лһĨģżֳ
üøˡ
¡ȾüһӰ
һҲЩѿ
ȾٴšüܸܵԺɢĶ⣬λԺղſ϶ǹЦģº£Ȼʲôö
סͷܺͷǻ¡
еӶý˿ľƳɵģɼ޴Ĳ
ԺܿλϣǻվţڰʾǿЩ¡
ԺԺſ˵ѧԺһֱǶģû뵽ӦҵҪ󣬲μⳡᱦ
Ⱦ󣬵һЦȻǶμֱҲûʧǿѧǵʵսıкξܾأ
ԺǺһЦ˵ûȷûʲôܾɡ
ȾԺ˫ֵңǾܾĻͿ϶ᱻ˵Ǻ£䲻ʲôģѧԺҲԣȻʹӦˡ
ԺٴһЦȴû˵
Ⱦֵ˵Ҫ̸ʲô
Ժƿ꣬˵ֻҪ̸һ£ᱦıص㶨ĶǶѧԺָĵطѧԺָģ
Ⱦ̧°ͣȻ˼֣ԺҪأ
ҾðɣѧԺ˵һص㣬ѧͶƱһͱ֤Ĺƽ𣿡ԺЦֽϵĲ豭Ʒһڡ
ȾĿͶϣһʱ侹ͦеЦЦȴûŴӦȥǼõģǾأ
˵ţתͷǧǡ
ǧĿ⣬һȥɣӦǿԽеġ
һ࣬ȴû˵
Щ£Ҳͬû˵
ȾĿջأֵͶƱѡĸѧԺĵط˷飬ŪһͶƱѧӦҲ̫ܾˡ
ԣǴӦˣԺǣҲһЦ⡣
鲻ȻǲܾġȾ𴽰꣬ϸϸԺ˵ö棬ܸоֲõϢǵϤС
Ũңȴ㹻ɵ
Ǻð˶ڣ˫ѡһطѧͶƱͶƱᱦܿʼˡԺǣֵ
ѹúܵͣϸϸţһֺܿµĸо
ȾȴûʲôǾѡһҾѧԺɽǿزգ·ѣһЩѶȡ
ȾɽǸطѧѡǸطͺˡ
ԺҲ䴽꣬ЦѡѧԺģβ塣Ǹطº·ƽ̹Ҳ̫ͣǸõĵط
ȾȻ֪βطµȷʱɽ֮ϳ˺һҶ£жˣȥֲȥģĵطͶƱѡҲ֪ѧǻ᲻Ϊ˾£˱
ѧԺȫѡһطһǺɽһβ壬иĺá
ԺֳȾһۣʵѾط𣿡
Ⱦͷǵġ
áԺЦӦһ׼һľ壬ѧԺ֮䡣
һѧУ˶ȥͶƱҲԵһʱ俴ͶƱĽ
׼ȷһ֮ԺȾЦѾ׼ľ壬ͷѧԺ֮䣬һѧǺܿȥͶƱˣҲʱ̿ţ˹ҡ
ȾӦһ
˵ϵɷ֮˲ˬжͦǿȻһգ۾ȥ׼ľ壬ľѧԺ֮䣬ԹѧȥͶƱ
˭ңҲܿһ
Ⱦһۣüͷɽ˼֡
ʲô𣿡ԺŤͷĿһӾ䵽Ⱦϡ
Ⱦƿ꣬˵һ䣬طȻѾˣǾ˵˵飬ô׼˭׼ÿѧԺһ룿



1331 Ȼᱻ˰

Ժ˼һſ˵ô鷳ǷѧԺȫȨ׼ɣѧԺ䱦ǣôóһЩҲûʲôġ
Ⱦһܾ⻰Щܡ
ʲôѧԺǣѧԺû
ѧԺҲͦĺ
ھóٰƷ񼶵Ҳв٣
ȻҲɵóϾ񼶵ģóܻɾ޴ɧпܻ˵ע⡣
ʱѧԺͳ˵Ŀˡ
ǷѧԺҪеıȾ۾кżӡ
ԺͷֲõĸоǰеıϾǷѧԺ̫࣬ǲᱻȾˡ
ȾЦһȴǲ
ǧ˿˼ۣͻȻ˵ǷѧԺڵϵĽƷȻǿԵģǿٶ࿪һ
ڿʣһˮݵǰ
ǧӹĻȾԺ¡
Ⱦüʾǧ˵ȥ
Ժǿʵʲô
ǧһڲˮ˵ڣֻ˵µıᱻѧȫߣǿһʤĽѧԺʤͿԵõһյĴ󽱣ǷѧԺҪڵµıĽ͸ýѧԺ׼ˡ
ϾѧԺٰĴһѧԺȫĽ
һѧԺ϶Ϊޣպ󣬸ԵѧѧԺᱻϳ԰ʳıǩʱҪϴ׾ͺˡ
ҲᱻѧЦʧһĽóȽϰĽƷһѧԺͻĸߴϡ
ѧԺʵƴͬҲǲıƴ˭óıãܵõޣҲ
ԣĽҪ
ԺЩؿǧһۣû뵽ķͦǿƣҪеĽ˭֪ȻãһʱûзӦ
ɲò˵ĺܲǾܾĻܻԵúܲãҲܻܿԼĿı¶
뽫ȫһѧԺ񣬳˲ǲˡȾԺΰԺȾɴЦȴղŲá
ȾĸۣЦŵͷҾ鲻͸һĽôĽˡ
Ժҧǵ˵ͷð
䣬ֳǧ˼ۣ츳õѧû뵽Ҳôʹ
κʹ̫ûãûнսȻǷѧԺֽõһõ
Ժֳǧ˼ۣȫǲġ
ǸܵԺĿ⣬ǧһ䣬ٴνˮ˼ڣȫȻûнԺ
Ժδֵָͦ
ѾѾȫãǾȸˡȾҾǧת뿪
ԺλϣһֱǵӰʧŽĿ˻
ܿģᱦϢܿ촫ѧǵĶǷѧԺѧԺѧǶ֪ѧԺλиľ壬ľǱĵص㣬ֻҪĸصͶƱ࣬ĸطб
һʱ䣬ѧԺѧ㳲ȥѡĵʲôط
̣ľϵĵصӳ뵽ÿѧС
ѧԺǺɽѧԺѡβ塣
ѧǼˣ׷˼
طͦãɽղͣҲɽֻǵ·ܶѶѣβ壬Ҳգ羰ҲҪɽɽʱ͵ϮĻǻȥ
˵ֱڵϱȣȽϺðɡѧԺѧ׷ͶɽѧԺѧȴЩɣͶɽĻǲǳ⣬ͶβĻǾ˵Ҫɽ˰
ΣյİѧڳɵͬʱѾ߹ƱͶ˺ɽ
ѧԺ˼ˣһ£ܹӣôƱͶɽ˰ѧԺβ岻Ͷ𣿡
ܿǣ˵ѧԺβȻܺãҾãᱦĻǺɽȽϺã˵ƽ̹һЩʺ϶ᱦ
䣬Ҳѧǵı飬תߡ
ܵӰʧѧǲŽӦ˹ȻܶͶ˺ɽҲûʲôþˡ
Ƿ׷Ͷ˺ɽһƱ׷ܶȥ
ǰŲߣͰоˣɽƱӶ࣬ԭء
ĲԾɲͷʵôˣ



1332 ᱦʼ

ƿ꣬Щ㱣Ͳȷţ찡ɽƱôǵβ࣬βǿһõطôͶ
˵ţŤѧԺ˰ɡ
пһۣ־ŤӷѿüͷȴβȷǸõĵط΢һ£Ǻɽãɽ˵Ƚƽ̹Ҳɽڶᱦ˵ܰݵġ
ģüЩš
ȻġйһЦȴ˼ֲͷ
ҧҧҲûһĻȻ˵ӦþģɱѧԺЩİ
˾ӣҲҪͶƱɽ𣿡ҧϵĲʶĿҪ
еͷѧԺҲкܶѧͶ˺ɽȻҲҪͶģǲĵĻԲͶںɽƱңңȣ㲻ͶĻҲûʲôġ
֮⣬˵һƱǿп޵ġ
ͶһǿԵġ
ЩǣвҺͰна壬ֻܸһͶ˺ɽһƱ

صͶƱܿͳβ˶ƱɽһǧƱβһȾȻһǧƱȵúܡ
Ժ棬ЩģѡβﾹȻ˲ȻһССĺɽȲˡ
ֱɶ
ǰȴұ¶
£ȻѾصѡôᱦʽʼˣ
ϵʱѧԺѧȫۼںɽУȾͷѧԺԺٴˡ
˱˴˿˶Էһۣȴʲôû˵
Ժ̲ס˵ᱦڽվˣѡʮӢѧѡ֮ǽ뵽ɽУб
Ⱦͷʾͬ⡣
ʱԺѾѡ˶ʮӢܣ˾Ӷڣ㣬һЩʶˡ
ѧԺߣȾѡ˶ųΣǧ£׳ϴεѣԵѧ
ӢѧѡȾٴ˵һ¹򣬲˵ȡʤĶ黹õѧԺͳսƷƷܷȫѧ¡
ʱ򣬷ѧԺѧһ𣬲ֹ
һΪƷȫǷѧԺ׼ģ˭֪ĽƷȻѧԺ׼ġ
ҲþȰһ˵ѧԺûȻڵϵıﶼû׼û˵ȻҾҪˣ
ǰѧԺĻá
ѧǾ֣һ˵ͣ
Ⱦ˵Ժ󣬴ǲһ˲Ȼǳ
ѧԺҪȫĽûţãǼǧ뵽еķӣȻǻúͷѧԺ
˶ѾѡˣѧԺԺϢһ£һʱ䣬ʽʼ
ǧһĪĶ˾Ӳ£ǰǼ˾ӣӦܼ˰ɡǧŰµӿȥֻһۣԭء
ǧһ£ɫҲͻȻס
۵һŰµӣվչ崺֮УͦƮȻɵģϻһߣ˿ò
ǧȴһ۽˸ϳˡ
ǺڰĻ᳤ǰǸͻȻ֣ôֲҲϧԱҲúͬھ
ǧûҲû˾ôѧԺĶᱦˣǶôѪľ鰡
ǧôŰУЩҡҡ׹һɷףԵúܿ¡
ܵĺ£üôˣ
㿴ǱǸɫߵˡǧҧ˫еɫÿҪҲõӡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥܿ쿴Ű£ߵӡ
ֻһۣ÷üͷڰϢڰ᳤
Į˿ȴ˼ͼ
ǧץŷε°ڣɫɱٴû뵽£˵ǷѧԺ˾ͻȻ뵽ѧԺҪʲôѧǲѧԺ
û˵һ˫ȴðޱȣһ˲˲ŰУ⺧Ȼ
ҲƺܵǵעӣͷڼʱǺ˼֣ڴкһԵ÷졣
ǧˣüͷ
£֪ʲôóȻ˵˵ֻЩá
ңڷѧԺã˵ѧԺ˿ҲţΪſڴƻƣڹɿֻš


1333 Ѱ

ǧ÷εĻе˵ͷãôɣʲôԾĵطǾŻϢ
ŵ˵ͷֵһҪǿǧҪжҲҪֻ̫ʲô˼
ڰ᳤ɲ⣬ǧʥħʦҲпܲĶ֡
ǰ飬Ҳ뾭ڶΣԣǧԲܵжһֱڰ᳤أ
ǧ֪εļɵͷ׵ģлҾԲͺڰ᳤һģΣĺˡ
ְ˼֣ǧһ¡
һϢʱȾͿ˵ϢʱʮλӢѧȽ뵽ɽУȵһʱʽʼ
Σȥˡǧοһۣŷ䳯ɽȥ
νıӰĿ䡣
ǧӰʧûнĿջ
Ҳ֪˶ãβǶ˶һ㣬Ȼû֪½뵽˺ɽ֮УʵЩģž͵͵ڴ󲿶Ӻ汣ǧǲʲôãҲ÷δȻ
ǧ֪Ѿˣ뵽ɽʱͱһ͵˺ɽһƽ̹Ŀյϡ
⴦յؿȥƽȣΧлϻмıǣЩӦþǲرλˡ
ϧЩҲһЩ壬ЩûΣգЩȴΣʮġ
ǧŵϵıǣ΢΢۾ƺڱЩǱν塣
ÿǶһģƾͿʲôǧͻȻ뿿һʲôѶԸ壬ҪѺܶʱ䣿
ֶᱦݲһ˿һĵֻҪʱͿ뱦ʧۣ֮ΪЩģôܵأ
ǧ۾뵽˿ռá
Ľ϶ܱͱİɡǧ˦˦䣬̽ٻ
ԭ˯ͻȻٻЩѻģǧǰǲҷˣ˵צӣʵСѾͷ㽫ûʲô
ҪμһᱦϵĺɫбҲ塣ǧ΢΢һ٣ֵӣܰұЩǱЩ𣿡
һ£бıܸܵһɺŨıֻܸܵһޡ
צظȻǿԵģ밲Ľðɣ
ǧһǱ˼֣ãǾͽˣСӡ
ٴظһܿɿӡ
ǧ𴽽ǣҲÿǲʵССıǣʲôѲġ
ûһĶ߾ʹõСѾͷߵıűӴ
䣬ڲЩСС˷ܣܸŨӦǼıɣͻȻ֮Щˡ
СѾͷ콫ڿñÿ澿ʲôðǧĿȣЩڳ
ǧóС߽⴦ڿŸոڿһȱڣǧܸܵˡ
һµĶҲ˼֡
ûһڵһӲĶǧ˫һ̼ӿеĶֻáˡһ
һС¯¶˳¯滹Żƣһֻ߷ɵĲӥġ
ԭһС¯޵ģͦƯǧС¯ִֿ̽һ£ⶦС¯ƷʼãԳƵǼƷˡ
ˣûռ䱦ĵ¯ãĵ¯ٽҵġ
Ժ󰡣ͷĵɣ
ǧϲ̵ؽ¯Ž˿ռУüȥѰұ
ȻҵôһƷС¯һ̾ԼһּѰö
ǧôڣͲõҲ
ԣҪɽһбȫҳ
СѾͷûٴδ
ǧС߽µûһһ¶˳һƿӾ弼Һ塣
ҺɫģӦǵͽ׵ˮϴҺɣ˵Ǹñɶǧ˵ͽ׵ˮϵģռﻹкööء
ܰװõֶͦĵġ
һһٴ·ɽѰ
طǴģΧûһѧǵĵطкܶ࣬бĵطҲֱܶ࣬ǿˮذ


1334 ˲

ǧˣͻͬΧڣŲʱǧͰΧбĵطȫڱˡ
˵ջķᰡ˸ղŵС¯ˮϴҺ壬һЩн׵ҩħ޾֮ĺöȻֶռҲкܶ࣬ǰõģȻܾ
ӣðǧпһ䣬Ӯҡ
̧°ͣȻޱȣΪÿ
ǧ𴽰꣬ȴǲ
ʱǧ洫һҵĽŲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ǵѡ
ȻҲ̴ǧߵСѾͷ˹ˣҪҪ
ðǧһ㣬̼ڵش׳֦ϡ
ʱ򡭡ŲԽԽЩӰҲ˲¶
ǧȥ۾ģѧԺˣǷѧԺġ
һˣףǧδġ
мȼߵҲֻ׶ѣң˵ģ˸춼
ǧ֦ϣЩȱȱذڰ֣ڷѧԺҲһսǸڰ᳤ΪɵһҲ޷ƣҲ޷սʤġ
ǰһƺĿڰ᳤ǿͣԺлطţҲֻԱпܽˣΪʹ˭뵽ֻˣ֮Ȼٴξ
ķʽ˸ߵЩľȥˣڰ᳤ʵǲҲǿˣ
ǧ̿ˮĿȴȻ
ʱ򡭡µѧȴǿڵ찡ղˣȻڳôֲĶǿѪ䰡ǱǾ군ˡ
ǰղžгɰĶ䣬ֻҪһѪǾͻᱻԣʱû·ֻܳΪ͡
ǣֻһᱦΪʲôôµĶ֣֣Ͳѧ㲻ȥ𣿡
ѧڻ£ǻ࿴ԷܴӶԷп̵Ŀ־塣
ǧȴǵĶԻһ
Ѫ䣿
ѪͻᱻԣΪ׸ʳ
ǧ˴üͷû뵽ѧԺԺȻôޣȻôµĶЩѧ㲻ȥǾ͵ˣ
˵ԺģŵΪѧܶȥʹһЩѧ
ǧ벻Ժ˼ܾԺûô򵥣εĶᱦҲûô򵥡
һЩѧɣҪѧѧԺģѧԺЩֻ˳ġ
ǻǹݵġǧᳶһǣԺΪм
ʱµѧΧûΣգҲǿŵµĺɫǣ˲¶˹â
찡öɫıǰǲ˵кܶı
ĺö࣬һ·Ķֱ࣬ǿˮذ
ңҲû˵ĺۼ˵û˵Щǲûб˶ͷ϶öģ
ѧŵϵıǣ¶̰֮ɫ
ǧѰʱֱӽǸƻˣڳֽ˹ȥէһ͸ûбǣûбڿһֲǻΪû
ȫ֪ˣ˽ıȫڿֻص塣
ǧҪڿͷһ
Щɵɣȫ壬ûʲôǲ֪ǧ뷨ֱó߽ͽıڿˡ
һ˲ֻáಡöڴӱǴֱȡѧš
ѧ¾ЩǱض˷ڵ׷
ǡಡöڱǶϣǼĶɢź⣬˲
ѧˣȶʼˣҲŲ
ˡղŲûˡ
öھ͸۾ƵģֱӳϮǶÿ죬ȻǾͶˡ
Щ嵽˭İЩȡѧ𣿡
ѧ֣˫ˣͻȻ֮䣬Ǻ뿪ط뿪ɽ˳ⳡ
ǣѾ뵽˺ɽУҪѧͲܣǱ̭ˡѧһ£ǰЩǣһʱҲ֪Щʲôſˮȫǿ־塣
Ǹô찡ǼڿЩǣѰɽȱٳ
еİɣʱòһ϶ᱻ֪һֱûгжʱǵ϶ˡ


1335 ѵħ

϶ܶ˵ģʱ򲻽ѧԺ˻ЦǣѧԺĿ϶Ҳһš
ѧţ󣬻ǾҪȥڱȻЩе£ֻҪ΢עһ㣬ܶȥġ
ǧЩѧҪ̾һȴûҪֹ˼
ԼѡҪģǸһ㶼죬޹ء
ǧһǷڿϣҲ֪ʣµЩЩʲô˻һ۸ء
ѧ֪ǧ뷨֪Ļ϶ᱻģǾС
ѧ̿ˮ׳ӽǰЩȫڿ
еĲǰһЩȡĶ룬ЩֻҪ΢еɫȥ˾ͺˣûһɫĻ
ѧҲɫģʱ׼һﲻԾƴ㿪ȻǱһ㣬ܲڶ
ǧϿУ𴽰꣬дЦ⣬ӣЩѧտʼͦǱڵץס˾裬ԽԽˡ
üϿÿģɿڵϿǱӰҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧüһǵһ֪ҿ𣿡
ûһ£һֱµġ
ǧüͷٴһŶԭĿоȻ˿°ǲӦýɱأ
һ̳𰡣ֻһֻСӶѣɱԱð
ģǧ䴽һЦҲûдΪˣͱˣҲûҪɱ˼
һŰ˲٣氡
ǧƿֵ꣬Ȼģƭһֻʲô
һһ˵ģǧܶԱʲôǽóˣǻܵǴġ
ǧһЦͷ˼ѣëָ£ϸĴ˲۾Ц⡣
ţΪ˱Ҳûʲôġǧһӣѧ˵ˡ
طʣһǣҪҪڿ
ôǶڿʣôһ̣϶ҲҪڿ
Ҳͬ⽫ڿһʲôأǶùôˣҲһΰ
ѧһ;бǵĵطڿ
ǧãµؿǵľٶǸ϶ҲûжģֻʲôΣأ
ͻȻ
ʱѧѾóߣϸϸڿǴڳһӡ
ǧΪʲô֮Ķ֣ɹãȴûκζһƽ˾ģͷ·ǲһ
ˣ۾ôûаأ
գź۾˵ǸǰǰˣǸǺЩͬüʱоһţֳȴ͸޾ΣգȰʲôΣնˡ
ǧһסȻôΣհ
æͷǰΣյģɾʲôþͲ֪ˡ
ǧ˼֣ʲôöоΣգһ޾ʣѵʲôص
գգ۾˼֣ȥȴһƽˮĻ棬ͷ·˵޾Σղһ
µѧҲЩãȻ
ô°ȻûаҲûб֣ôƽ˵ﵽײʲô˷űǱǿյģΪ˻ѣ
ѧҧҧ¶ʧı顣
ôǲаǿյģǵôô
ʱ򡭡һѧһкһĨϲɫҳȥȻһӲĶѲɣﻹ棿
ڵӲĶˣ
ȻжǾͿЩȥ
ѧҲͻȻϲűǾ̫ãôĵط϶ּƷɣҪ
ѧſˮе̰
ǧ濴УǷ׷¶̰ɫüͷã˵ڵö𣿡
ҡҡͷ϶ܵģõ̽Բдãøո̽ʱǸŵģ¾ѵףþѧҪ군ˡ
ǧǰһ¡
ţѣ
Ѳɣǵصʲôµħޣ
ѧȥ֪һ㣬ɻȥ



1336 

һӲĶѧ˫һӲȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãѧڵһɫĶǶǱڵСֻǶ¶һǣҪȫڳҪһЩʱ
ѧǺɫĶͷЩɻ
ɫʲôȥӲľһ
ǰѵʲôϹף
찡Ǿ׬ˡ
ѧ̵ţȫȻûпµǺɫһ۾۾˲һĨڣżɱ⡣
ģΧĿ½˼֣ѧ̲ס˴첲ͷҲЩ̤ʵˡ
ܸоΧͻȻˣô°
Ҳú䡭
ǿ쿴ǸɫôڶУô۾
һѧУǶ˵˫ɫ˫˫𺣬䣬Ұһɱ
ѧҲ˹ȥֻһǱŵòҶҲЩҡҡ׹ͷ·ʮ˲һ㡣
⵽ʲôôһ۾ͻ˺£ˡ~~~~~~~~~~
µĶͻȻ漴ѣضɽҡ۳ҷɡѧȻɴ۾ŵôҴǸҪƵˡô찡ֱǻġ~~~~~~~~~~
ȫѣһżӲԴ˳ԴϷǣͭĳ˫Ҳ¶棬ţһС˳
ɫĺ壬渲һװӲĶֻСܿӴ󡭡ѧˣŵôҴֱ̱˵ϡ
⵽ʲô
ħޣ
ǿħ
~~~~~~~
𶯣ǶϾҪˡǧǰĻ棬Ҳһ¡
û뵽ܿħ޳Ļ棬ĿƻƬһĳ𺳲ѡҲܸо𶯣Щ϶ɳȥǧҧҧܿסԼΡ
ýץǧ·۾ۣþ֪ǵ¾ԲʲôöǶˣˡֱԣѧ
䣬ٴץǧ°ڲţñ˦ȥˡ
ǧҲʶֽñһˤˣǿһʧ
ò֪ǧЩʲôΪԼ治ɶ˼ָж
ʱµöѾһȻȫںڣȫһ׼Ӳǳ̵·Ҳܽ˺ѿ
Ƕųɫ˫ǺȻɱ⣬ղ˯úúãͻȻ֪ںǳҪɽȫ
Ƕͺһ
һ˲ٴ𶯣ҲźХһʱɳʯ̾ͽǵ˫ҡ
ǧΣգͷһ΢˫һǿڵãֻħ޲ͬѰĺҲܽ˴ɳȥҲʲôȼ𣿡
䣬ǧüͷҲ֪ô£Ȼħ޵ĵȼͺǱһɴסһ
ʣС
ǧҧڲһ־˲䱻˳Ȼֻһ㣬㹻𾪡
Ѿܾûô־ˡûпʲôɵȻһǱûв´ĻϹŵޣޣ
ǧһֻԴЩѣѧһڣڳһֻϹŵޣ
°ֵͣ˵ϹŵѾܾòֹˣûΪѾˣ˭룬Ȼ͵͵˯ѧҲ޶ڳˡ
ǧһʾͬ⣬ǻ治һıǷǳǳıȻϹ޶ڳǿֲ˵ĶҲֻϹ޲֮Կɡ
ʱõٴδ񻹴żֻ޿ˣѧ˯涨Ȼѻ𣬴ֱӻὫѧ˺ˡ
ǧ۾ȻҲĸоֹ˺ˣ뽫ǲ븹
ǧϣûҪֵ˼
ô˵ǶǶģҪ̰ҲὫϹڳߣҲǸССʥħʦһҪϹѪƴأ
޵ĿȫѧϣڵλǼΪȫģһжλÿ϶ͻᱩ¶ʱᱻȺһ￪ս
Ϲ޺öѲһҲǼغϾܸ㶨ģô˵鷳ȥұء



1337 ΪҺ۸

ǧһ㣬ûзֵʱתͷ뿪ˡ
ֱǱߺԶˣǧͣ½Ų
ĵУ˵СѾͷûΪϹ޲ء
ǧƿ꣬ü۵ĮôܣȥĻѧԺЩѧҲмңֻ»ὫҵɵƣҺ޲ʱֱӾˣңֲ²ʥĸŲЩ˼顣
һ˵õĻЩСѾͷ͸ǲŲҪ~
ǧЦЦֳܿһۣΧҲǵļɫǣŻеããҲбǣܵһûж
ܣͻȻʧҡҡͷ涼ûжνķѧԺеСصô٣嵽Ƕࡣ
ǧһҲͬصͷǰȷСڵıʮҹҵЩǶģֻһллˡ
ǰæͣ˭бء
ǧﴽֻ꣬Ц
ȥһ·ϳѧǣǧûѧҲ֪󴫵ĶǵӰӶûС
ǧһ̾˫ȴޱȵģûˣҲϲȺ̫ʶӣʱ໥ĥϣ϶ܶࡣ
˼ǧҵĽŲʲôڷɵ
~~~~~~~~
ǻɵĶײϣʱʱɽеľҲŲǧˣͷͻȻһá
СѾͷͷ޾Ȼ׷ˣҲܵʲô޵˫Ȼһ󣬾ʧ˼ֽࡣ
ϹǳһССʥħʦܶԸġǧͬ˲˫ģѾܵùԶֻô׷ˣ
ЩҵĽŲǣѧ׷İɣ
ǧ򴽣һɫѧûʲôްɣô͸Լȥأ
ģ̌Ҫ룬ʱȴѾˡ
ѧǱȫǴСС˿ڣ˿ڲѪŧſĽˣǵ˫ǳ
ǽǰͻȻǧӰǵӰ͸һֱֱӳС
ţǲ߶ʮһֱֱ󺰳ǰλȾǣڱħ׷ϣͿҪ֧Ųסˡ
һҲǧĴڡ
ǧۣеԼǵħޣ޹أǳЩܹԸġ
ѧȴǧ˵ʲôֱֱķȥ򲻹ϹޣҲһлңǷѧǷѧԺģǶѧԺġ
ǽֻȥľֻһѧԺˣ̣
ѧһۣ˶ԷеĻŨص
ǰЩСĻͲʲô
СѾͷѧ뽫ƿ꣬Щ˼顣
ʱļֱϹ޻Ҫ°
ǧȻҲǵ˼һ˫ȻǷѧԺˣ׶Ǳɵġ
£Ѿע⵽ˣҲ׷ĺǣһȻ޷ѡ
ǧҧҧ潫ѧһ顣
ʱѧѾܵúܽˡǧšüͷеɫɱⲢ޵١
ѧˣɺݺſˮˣǻûǸͷǲԣֻñȥ
ûһѧѾܽӽˣýǧܷ˫˸Ĺ⣬ֹâ˺ȻҶ࿴
ʱܿ˸һĨǳǳģ˷ϸĻǺڣһӲĺɫη塣
ʱѧڵǰ־͹ѧԺˣ͵ȾǰɣһǺܻ𣿡
ǧһЦ
һէһͦģҲ˼ԸԸⰡˮȥ˵һּΪĵΪ
һ̣ǧͻȻ뽫ѧɱǧЦţΪ޻Źǣ޴ˣŹǣҲŹǵġ
ѧǲɵɴ˫⻰ʲô˼
ǹ⽫ⶫûʹҵҺǧǳǳƮƮ˵ĺǺܿµġ



1338 ҪԵ~~

˵ͷ·̸ûһɾƽƽѧͷ
ͻȻѧԺѧЩ°ʲôһ
ѾܲôˣΪ˰ޣΪ˻Ѿ鶼ˣأ
ȥʱѧཻһͻȻͬķȥ
ѾˣѾһãζʳ
Ǿǧ˭ʥ׵ħʦħеȼԽʵԽǿħʦߣζʳ
ǧ˸ź˵ɫ̰ζҲŨ
ǧˣ겻Ϲޣǽҳˣ
΢΢һ㶣Ѿ˯꣬Ϊ˶ȴʱ򣬲СŮ޾һӾͽ˳Ϊƶ˫Ҳ˿Ŀ־塣
СŮޣɱȸղ˰ˡ
Ҫ˯ĶرСŮ£úú档
꾹Ȼʶᡣ޻Ȼڣͳż翺Ͱƣֻǹ˳ĸо
ϹŵޣȻǲͬġȻʶġǧЦĺڵ˫ûκο־ɫǲʶǾ˵Լʵ̫ûмʶˡ
겻᣿ֱ˵ؽеɻʳ
ǧٴιһЦûпκκµ˼ȻǺµģǺʲôãѵ˵ҺˣͲ𣿡
ζܷĿζٴοڣƺмã˯Ѻζʳʳ
ǧٴһЦȴͻȻ˽еãҾðɣǸղѧθڣҴȥǰɡ
ûпڣʳֻǧ
ûлشǧһ㣬ѧ뿪ķ׷ȥ˵ģҶ˵˾Բʲô³˵
΢㶣Ҳ׷ȥղҲˡ
ϹŵޣȻҲǣ̺һܱ໹ҪһЩġҲ֪ѧһлͦмģͻȻζǧȻȻ͸ıĿꡣ
ʥ׵ħʦôζȻСŮҲ뽫ͬѧϣҲϲּԭ㽫ǧˣٰѧҲˣô϶ҪԳԳԡ
ڣСŮˡ
ǧѾԶչ˫ǧ׷ȥ
˫ܴͬ˫һչʱеɫĹ˸ȵʱܵۼǳΧХȥ

Χȥøľɳɳ죬׳Ҳҡҷ·һͻϵһ
ϹޣʱɱҲǾ޴ġʱǧѾȥ˺Զĵطܵúܿ죬֪޵ٶȿ϶죬ԣԲͣ£ҪӿٶȣҪ죬ġ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧſһѧӰǱţǱɻǲͣ¡
ǧıӰ¶һĨ̵Цݡ
ܵĻʱѧҲĶʶŤͷǧӰʱŵõɴ˫
ŮôţӦñ޸Ե
ǿ𾪣ǧһ㣬ѾܵѧߣҺ𣿲𾪣һǴһҲʱòð
ѧһͷȻһ
Ȼ֪еĴһʲôֿ£ײħޣˣġѧƿڴԹԸֻħ޳ԵΪҪͻȻܹΪҪң
ǧһֻ÷ĺЦеҲЦ
ΪʲôҪԹԱħ޳Եǧüһ䣬ֲǵ˭ҸҪΪħԼ취ʲô¶
ѧҧҧѾ˵ˡ
ǧֵֻħ޻ͦϲǵģһԹԱԵòð
ѧһô󺰴ȻôǣҾҲŹġҲŲҪħ޳ԵҪԵҲ㱻Ե
ǧͶ䣬Ѿú˷ʲôˡ
ʱ򡭡Ѿ˫ƽ
ǧüвûκε⡣
ѧȴǱŵԭأҲৡһ±òҰޱȡ



1339 ׷~

ǰޣ˫ȴŲˡѧԺģֻһˣ
޳ŵ÷ѧһۣһʱЩһ
ѧ޵Ϣ絹ڵأҲײһʯͷϣšüʹѳ
ֿһۣеԣϲлˣֱ룬ǸСŮ޺ãȻһ㶼£ҵȼ߻رζ
ǧδͣ½Ųǳѧ׷ȥ
ǧҲʲôˣһرһ˭ãҲԻرġ
޼ǧѾԶҲپᣬڵϵѧѧˣŵĸζˣ˫ŵʹ飬ҪңҵⲻóԣŹҺ𣿡
ֻħޱҪȥǧģǧֽħ޸ԹԸԲΪʲôҪħǱҪӳİ
ƺϤ뷨ͻȻڣͳںɽ𣬡ᲢδŹǣΪѵˣ
ѧһٴεɴ˼ֻ֣ħ޾Ȼ˵˵һֻѾǵħޣħ޵ȼһǳߣһֻϣ򵥷ǳ
ܱܲңҵĲóԣءѧʹ飬ġ
Դʲôû˵ȴһƬڽӡ
㲻ϻֱſС
ѧԾһ£㱻븹УҲκˡ
޽ѧԺ󣬱һãû㣬ѧĵȼʵ̫ͣԽ͸һûζ˵Ǿһּ尾Щӵġ
ΧѾûǧӰſ˫ǧζ׷˹ȥ
ǸСŮɢ˵ϢҪԵ
׷˰죬ǼСŮ޵ӰҲЩ𾪣͸оСŮû뵽Ȼ
ŲʱʱȻѾܵôԶˣҪԼܷɣζᱻܵ
·ǲʲôǧѸٲͷֻһ۱㿴׷ϵޡ
ǧһۣȴûκ֮ɫ͸ǸѲļһ׷Ҫˡ
һֻϹŵ޻ô׷ࣿ
׷ˡ޶ǧƺеá
ǧŤͷһһǳ˵׷׷ˣҲóԵźð
䣬ǧٴμӿŲٶȼ죬͸ɵһ
Ȼɴһ˼顣
Ϊһ࣬Ȼôٶȣֱ࣬ԼԵĻ߲ΪҪˣպҲͲ˯ˡ
򴽰꣬е̰ԡ
ǧ֪ЩʲôҲܲ³һЩֻ޿϶ҪôԵ
ǧЦһɲ˰ڲĴڣϹҲУ
ٴǰţȻ֮㷢ܵѧ֪ӺʱʼѧѾһǲϳǰţҲΪ޲δ׷ϾȻޱõЦݣֻöޱȡ
ǧˣҲ˲١
ˣǾȻûκβ֮ɫ෴ܿģľԼ˵Ͳˣ
ǧЦһеļ֮ɫԡ
ôģһ͵ޱʹˡǸܵ˽ŲѧȻͷһǧѧһţ¶һĨı
Ů˲Ǳ޸Ե
Ϊʲô˻ţϲûκ˿ڣ˿Ǳ⵽ô°
ǿе𾪣ǧֵڴ䣬ЦЦҺܾ𣿡
ѧŴͣȵĶ˵ˡ
ǧˣеЦݾ͸ˣ˾ǲǻʧûǾʹֻħҲڸϾֻħ޿ȥѾأܾЩ~
ѧٴεɴ˫ҲԴǷס
죡
ֻħ޾ȻڸôԶ·ʲôأ
һ׷ҸϵСϷ
ѧɫɷףǧĿҲԹޣԹԱħ޳ԵͳˣΪʲôҪܹҪǣ
ǺʲôԹ㾹صܹ뺦ǣ
ѧһ룬˫Ҳó죬ǽǧҪ̻һ㡣



1340 ܺͬȥ~

ǧϲûʲô飬ֻĵ֪𣬺һһλѧҲô˵ģҾر𲻿˼鰡ǽģȻûһں޲˼ԹݺˣҾðɣ˸ͲϣǵĴڣ޹֮˾ͻܵȺ
ѧ̶
ʲôʲôֵõ˵
ԹԱħ޳Եɣ͵Ⱦǣ㸣󲻺𣿡
ǧ󣬾䴽ЦЦö˷ǳ˿ŭ֮ɫȴһƬˮʲôܳ𣿡
ѧȻ˵
ǧüͷģңֻţУֲҵʲôˣΪʲôҪȥ
ѧҧгݣ㡭
ǧӵеķŭٴһЦߣȺǰQСˣǿ֪ǵͬôˣ
ѧȻԼĶ䣬ǲ˵롭
˵˵ǲģᡭ
ѧŶ䣬һʲôӣǧˣеЦΪŨ˼֡
ƿ촽һһ˵ţһɹϢһ鰡Ѿħ޵Ķ˰ɡ
ѧȻɴ˫ǧڳŷŭͳޡ
ǲ㽫ħȥŻģ
϶԰ɣΪʲôҪôܾȻʲôõΪʲôƫҪȥ
ѧ˵Ǻǵ˫죬һɾϢ
ǧˣ˷ǳԼԼеΪҪеֱǸЦˡ
˵ʱٴųǧѧʱ˫
ԵѧȥǧζҪģ
ſˮý̰Ŀ⿴ǧѧ
ѧѾ׷ɵɴ˫ȫ¶ž⣬־Ǵӹɢģ˸Ʒˡ
ôãΪֻħ޻׷
ǸղŵһЩٶʲôѲɣֻħУһϷ𣿡
ѧһۣܿͿ˶Էеľɫһֽľɫ˾ǳ
죬ǵ𣿡
ô죬ǵ׸ô찡
Ѿ׷ޣǧһδκκµĵطûͦ˼ƿ꣬˵˰ɣħѾ׷һǾܺȥͬˡ
ѧǵͷٴһ
ۣ
ǲŲҪۣҲԺĵ·ܳѧŶ䣬Ĵ󺰴ǲˣǶˣҲһţħҲԵģǾڵµ㡭
ǧ󣬲ŭЦҲȥǵģʲôʸأ
ѧһ£һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôǵȴ
ħѾƽûʲôʵ϶ᱻȻҲɱġѧպգ˫ղҰֽſĽ
ǧǿ˼ۣϲûκοǵɫǸȻģǵҲûзϡ
ҲǼѧѪһ㣬ûнĻܳȣǴʹڽ
ᱻƣǻ֪ڸģӣ͸ˣҪ˼
ҲҪԵǵģֻʱѡ
ʱѾƽѧˣٴαӴŻˣǴִһʱ侹Ȼܵûˡ
Ȼڵأһ־ģ
ǧŵڵϵˣһ˫ȴû˵
ܵúǱҵˣ޶ŵϵˣɿ˿ڣ侹̬֮
ѧһۣǺܿ쿴˶Էе𾪡
ֻħ޾Ȼ˵һֻѾǵħˣ
ֲûôѹȸлôǿ󡭡ѧ̿ˮжʱʧ˽ࡣ
ҪĲѧʹ飬ɳˡǰɣҲ֪ڵ˯֪ǿ϶ǲὫڿġ
ѽĵģˡǰɣǵĲóԣԣͳɣűǺóԣ
ѧģɵħԲģ汳ġ



1341 Ͳ~

ǧһۣ䡣
ҲģὫȫԹ⣬ȳԣ󣬲ŻֵζҪġ
䣬ѧҲ֧Ųסڵϣôˣ˵Ҳûˣʵ޵ѹȸ̫ǿˡ
գҪ
ħѾ˵ˣҪǧԣɶĻŮҲǻ̵ģͺ˰ǿǵ˼ǧٴһЦ
򲻹ֻħޣҲ׿ռģʱ׿ռԻĻᡣ
ѧȴ֪뷨֪϶Ѫġ
Ȼ׿ռֶڿδѧ˵Щʲôſ죬һڽһ̵
ͷڶҲϮ˵ĶĤ
˾׽ɾſһԵǧֻµԼҲûһҪܵ˼ʵڹĽ
޿һۣǾþ֣ƿ꣬ʵΪβˣͲɱָŹ㡣
ǧ󣬲ЦüۣͬıҪܣȻܲģԣһʡɣлὫһٻӳ찡
޾Ц꾹Ȼܻ᣿
Ҳܻ㣿ǧЦŷʣһ˫ڰ׷˵鶯ÿ
޿һۣȴЦϹޣ겻ǸŮޣʥ׵ŮҲĶ֣
ǧһ㶡
ϹޣȻһ۾ܿĵȼαװǰͬһűֽһͱûж˸̽ˡ
ǧ΢㶹ֹЦϹޣҲŲԵԣҾͺñ̫졣
ԣϵϢٴһ䣬᲻ʲô̫̫ģգҪԵ
䣬ų򣬿ٳǧǱȥ
ǧһΣϵСѿСǾޱٷɳɫСֲ˲ڿյϣҡҷӣûһϾǳ̣˻һĶʣΣշǳ
޼ˣһȡ
СŮ޾ȻԼֲǱлҪһЩ
СѿСǾޱӭҡڣ˺ö൤ҩøΪǿ׳ˣϵСҶҲ˺ö࣬ԶԶȥͱ͵Ĵˡ
ģСѿһħ޸ܵ~
СǾޱҲŬģ
СѿСǾޱ׷ǧ˵ǵ˵ţô൤ҩǱÿˣȻҲˡ
СѾͷϹ޿ˣҪһ㰡ǧУЩĵһ䡣
ɲϣǧ¡
ǧ˵һעִģʵڴ򲻹ռ仹ܸҶһµġ
֪ܾͺá˿
޼ֲﶼ͵ģٴһȣСŮ޵ĽȻа취ֲã˼굹һ˼ࡣͻȻڣֵʵֻ̫ܽ˼˲븹ˡ
ǧЦһδ˵
ʱսһ
ϣҪǧ븹
ǧֵϵϵħһɲǣħѤãɽһҲͳħʢ磬Ӿϵ𺳡
顱ɫĻϵС
ɫĵͬһ㣬ʣþò
СѿСǾޱսԽ£޿ƥСˣû˼ް֡
ǧˣ˫ϸǵĺɫ׻Ǽ˷ǳ˼̣ͺʲôһʵڿɶĽ
ֿǧһۣлЩ𾪣ʵûǧȻһ˫ϵħʦϵϵΪħ
ҡСŮ޵ĻϵħɫġɫĻҲֻϹŻ˰ɡ찡
СŮ޾ȻӵϹŻ֣潫Եʵ϶øǿȸղĻҪǿϼ֣
򴽰꣬ǧĿ̰ȻϹŻ֣꣬ˡ
ǧٴ㶡
ò˵ֻϹ޵ļʶĲһ۾ϳĻ滹ںϹŻ֣Ľ
ɾȹǧָֻ˳ɫٽռСϺ߲꣬ȫٻ
Ͳˣôħֲ򲻹ֻϹŵޣ



1342 þò

ЩħٻԺ޿˼ۣľ
СŮ޾ȻԼħޡħ޺Ϳǵֲ߰ȫԼ˷
Ҳ̫̬˰ɡһ´꣬һʱܾЩԾ
ܾǧʲôûóǸһóܾͲôNɪˡ
˵ʲôأ
޽ǧۣȴЦ÷Ƶ˸֪ЩʲôһŮޣԵøĪ⼫ˡ
ǧĵƣǿռĺ
ǿϹȸȻܶԸ޵ģһޣһ֣֪϶ޱȽİɡ
Թаսʤףǧôš
ûãǧֺ޴
޾е㲻Ծʳǰôܹأ
գҪʳԵ
顱һϢ޴ǽΧĴʯ飬Сʯȫ÷ʯײϣ
ǰʯǧ˫һУ¶ЩСʯӵĹ
~~~~
СʯӲײϣõ涼Ϊ֮һ
ǧƴСʯӵĹɽģϾЩǱ飬һӾˣǡ޵ʵ̫ΪˣôֲħޣҲԽƿһˣֻܽĵˡ
꣬Ҫνˡ޿ٴοڵ
ǧ۾ЦδȻҪģҲ֪ȸ˭أ
޵һ
Ů˵ʲô
˵ȸ
ܵģȸΪ߰ȫὫԹԳΪԼޣһϹ˵
޸빥ͻȻܵһϤͿ־ζȻɴ۾ǸȫӵʱӲ͵ɳ
ȻϹȸľС˵ǾҲǺЩˣȸ򵥷Űĳ˯ȸɵġ
ʵ̫ʹִ򲻹ֻѡڵװû뵽ĳ˯ȥһֱ˯ǧ
û뵽ҪӣȸȸǲвȻԼޣ֪Ļ϶ǧ鷳İ
޿Ŷĺ췢ˣȫŵö
ۣȸǺǰһÿ£һħǣޣþòˡһȥһЦЦŰ߰мϵơ
޵ٴһҲķȾȻԽԽˡ
ˣеŨô겻㻹ô±ү
䣬龹˼֡
̿ˮһʱ䶶øҶһ
ǧˣЩ𾪣δϹ޾ôˣ
ǵпԿʶң޻һ
ԣʲô
һøҶһҪˡǧЩسǿȥʶİ
ŵò˵
һ߰үôСĳʶСĳӣǱү໽аʵûá
Լ޴ԴͲҷ·ܵľͻһ󶾴Ҳ̫ˡ
һԱҷӣǧٴסˣ֪Ҳ˷ʱˡ
ǼȻʶҪȥɣǧЦ˵һ䡣
ߣЩζؿޣСӣүȥ棿
ԣõ˼˶ҲȫǾ֮ɫҪҲҪҲŲҪȥ桭
ȥ棬ָҪŰˡ
Ҳʵ̫ˡʱѾµĲ˵ʲôꡱ͡ᡱˣҲйȱ˵ɣ
ǺǡٴһЦ޵ĿҲ˼ԾԾԣϵ׺ΪˣÿԸԼְ
ܵĶ⣬ٴһСǧһۣСŮޣܾܲȾңҲŲҪȥɣ콫ٻؿռ䰡
ǧԴζؿһۣڽٻȥǲǾܶ˺˰Ϊһô
޾ԼԩɥһСŮޣһ㶼ûҪ˺˼ֻ㽫ֻȸٻȥòð



1343 Ҫңҵⲻó~

䣬޾ƵĿ⿴ǧ
ǧһۣЦղңھˣϹ޶𣿡
ޱһ£һʱ侹˵κεĻ
ǧü亮һۣ˵ҾҲаңڻ벻ҳԵˣ
ӣûǰİײУôأҸղžǸ㿪һЦѡ
һǧϵЦΪԣޣҿЦɲô˵İ
һӲһҲζһ¡
ǧüһеɫÿҪüһԵĺҾһﻹԲİǺҪҪٸʲôģ
һЦζ޵ĿҲа֮
޵ӲһģȻԵڵأûһӾȻСܿ죬޾èһĴСֻûèǰɰӻǺģɲһףѿǳһ㶼ɰ
ǧŵСޣЩգգ۾ףôͻȻСˣ
ŵϵŶһЦںµʱܻСԼӣܵ˵ء
䣬Цаԡ
Եڵصȴɪɪͣȫǿ־塣
ǧ󣬲Щȵգգ۾ԭ˰Ҿ˵ôСˣԭں°
ͬúаԵĿ⿴ޡ
޲Σգҿˣ֮ǧƿ꣬˵ȷǲҳˣЩͺ𣬺οҪأ
û˵ȴﲻ̰֪ͣŮ޻Ϲȸ֪ģҷ
϶ǲҵģ
ֻȸΪˣ۸Űֱħ
뵽˴޵Ӷˡ
ǧһۣٴЦ˵ҪδСأ
СԵڵأǶӵͷûУ̫˰ɡ򴽽ǣ˵Ϲ޵ζܼܲҲԵ֣ү˰ɣҲñһ浽ǲζ
޲ͣмٶĿ־㽫û
ôҲû뵽ֻȸȻҪԵҲ̫˰ɡŴͣһŵĿ⿴ź
˷ͷĺ췢ɫ˫ģӷǳ
ôóԣǧŤͷѯʡ
Ȼˡٴ򴽽ǣֻζĸо
ǧһתҲ£ôóԣɱҲ޷ϹޣɱҲΪɡ
һ֫Ӳιȥˡ
ʵû뵽ȥСŮ޾ȻôײУ£ȻҲ뽫ԼԵ
ҪԵҵģҵĲóԣްǧĿȣˮģڿޡ
޵˫ˮǧüһǾм˼νϹ޾ȻҲޣʵ˼Ľ
ⲻóԣǧЦ˵һ䣬ǣҼҺ˵ܺó԰ȻǺ˵ģǾͿ϶ģҪǳԼڣҲֱܷˡ
Ȼɴ˫Ůħ
Ȼ˵ҪԵڣԵܻ
ֲܳΪаȸˣҲʵ̫ˣ˷ָ
ңĲóԣҳ˳һбô~գŴ۾ˮ󣬾Ȼֳȳȵĸо
ǧüЩЦʵ㻹ʲôôأ
Ϲޣǿ϶Ǻİ~գŴ۾Լ㿴г򣬿㰿գҴҲͦģߣҳԵòҲܺӴ~~~
ڲȣǧϡԣ㾿ʲô˼أ
ͻȻԺоȻһ뷨
޲Լ롭ԼԺҵˣȻְֻɣܺԼˣҿ϶ᳬҳϵġٴգ۾Ϊϵؿǧ
ǧȻ뵽һ㣬׿˵Щ𾪡
ղŻصޣھȻС䣬Լо͸ϵڱһ
ӣ˵ԼһֻϹޣ᲻⵽ʲôİǧѯʣǱϾһֻϹŵޣɲóȻж



1344 ֻ

ÿһۣҡҡͷȻԼԸģǾͲʲôɣ˵ϹҲо޴ôֶͦõİ
ңܸܵ޵ϣѡ
أǧŤͷ
һһԭǴ㽫޳ԵģһֻûССѣ£ǧ˫Ź⣬ֻ£ǳԲֻСˡ
ֻС˵˰ʣǲǾ˵ԺͲõŮ˵ˣܺúڿռ͵ˣ
ۣоܰӣ
˫ʱһ޵Ŀⲻɴ˲١
ܰСҲǲģûĵʱһʲôġܵĿ⣬ŵúһϣܸоĿе£оʵڼƻʲôµĶһ
ħȸһӣٶȿڵʵҲûʲôãС򣬵ܵʲôģܹôġ
˵Щʱ򣬺ʶһۡ
޻һܾ˵Щʱ򣬿϶ʲôˡ
ֱ¡ǧһҲЩƽϣȻҪԼвյĵףңֻ޵ȷĽܵҲ֣ܵԼѪ׬ġ
ټϣ޶ԺЩǿҵĿ־У͸᲻ʲôģҴңú򼸶ٲͳˣ
뵽˴ǧЦ⣬ма֮
޲һͻȻŮԼǸľÿ£հǣԼӣôô
δ²ϣǧͽָҧƣѪ˲ӵĹâʱһһްУûһâɢȥԼϡ
ڣѾǧˣ˴֮䣬һһ޶һϵָо
Լ֮йڳƶȫӣӵ֫ٺʱ۾ؽг
죬˲١
Ů˾Ȼ
һԼͱǿˣ
Щϲؿǧһۣ۲֮ȫ˷ܣŮԼһ㶼Ѫ׬֪ħȸΪҪӺŮԼˣԭܵõôţƵĺô
ˣ޻ؽһ⳼
ǧû뵽Ӧô죬һʱЩ
ˣȡ֣ͻȻô˵ħȸ֣ôûأ
Ҳ̫ߴˣ
Ҹȡ֣ǧЩؿϹʲôģһԼô
оȺ˿ɰˡһЩмؿޡ
ֱͦ壬£Ҳ˵ԼˣȻģߺߺߣ
ȻôҪ֣ҾͰȡɡǧޣǳЦ˵һ䡣
޿ǧ˫ģȫڴ֮ɫ
ǧϸƬ̣ʱ˵ͽɡ
գգ۾ͻȻֻͦߴϵģϲоֻħȸֻ˹Ȼǰġ
˷ܼˣü̵Сǧϲһ£ˣҺϲ֡
̵ּܵĴУǧΪҪͳˣ˭룬ڶ΢٣Щε˵Ǻǣϲͺˡ
һеЦݸ˼֣Һϲ֣ǳϲлл㡣
ǧһһ
뵽ղײеģǧֻ²װ˭뵽ôһֻССĳȶȻŷɥϹޡ
ϲСѾͷȻԼһֻϹޡЦ˵
޺ֶԼˣǧͻȻԲࡣ
ǧֵڴ䣬ǳ˵ҲãֻϹ޾ȻºȻģҲ˳ˡ
úٺһЦδ˵
ʱѾص˿ռУȥ˯ۣ
ƾʧϵĽ䱸Ҳɢ˲٣һֱǧűתȦȦȻó󣬵Ȱ
ֵ˻ĵġ
ǧ֪˼֪ò˼ģһۣʵҪȥҵĿռ𣿡
󣬲һ١
ղħȸͻȻʧǲҲȥνĿռ˰
ҲȥĻҪħȸ۸
УԲܽȥǿһµġ
ǧ˼ۣȻҡҡͷˣҲʲôռ䣬ҲŸոֻһʵĿռʲôĵԺٽȥҲ԰



1345 ô

ʱ͸˴ùϵˣֻħȸ
ϲ̵ţȫ֪ԼѾһõᣬռȻħȸʮ㣬Ǹ˻ħõ
ٽȥһ죬൱üʮ꣬Ѫ
Ҫ棬ǧҲûǿһҪȥƿ꣬˵Ȼ㲻ȥ͸һѰɡ
һйЦ⣬ɵһ
۾ûɵ֪ռأֻ»
ʱɽеЩѧ඼˺ɽ춯춯·̾ҪɽƵ
һʱŪÿֻŲѣΣ
ѧԺһѧɽУΪ׵ǶųΡ
ųľ˫ϵħʦȻʸЩѧɹı˰
ЩѧܵԺȴŲѣǿųΣЩµʵųδ磬ղŵʲôΪҲ𶯣
ųҡҡͷһʱҲ֪ʲô
ʲôħ˰ɣ
ɣҲ̫ˡ
ѧֹ˵ʲôѰ˼ûˡ
ųһ治Щѻ춯ѾƽϢΪλҪ˾᣿ʡڱǸã
һѧǶʱ˳Ĭ
ųεĻȷе춯ѾƽϢˣΪλҪ˾أ
ѰұӮⳡ˵ʱ򣬱ɱɱѧԺգ
ѧԭ춯ŪЩ£ų˵еĺҲɢȥ˺ܶ࣬Ҳף˴Ǹʲôġ
ųδ磬лĿѾҪЩʲôˡ
ǰǶˣһԾغѧԺǶҪⳡ÷ѧԺķڷ
ʱһѧͻȻʧ˵ųδ磬Ӷ澹Ȼ˷ѧԺˡ
һѧǷ׷̧ȥ濴˲ٷѧԺˣΪףһŵĲУл˲ٱһ·ջķᰡ
ǷѧԺˣڴӡ
㣿
˵㣬ѧԺѧ޵е
Լм츳ǴѹѧԺѧ£ͻȻںӶ棬ԿˣֻҪһˡ
ѧǺݺݵ㣬еŭɫԡ
ʱһѧʵȻǷѧԺѧôܣ˾ڲа
һ䣬ѧԺѧȴǲܺ˾ˣֻܼ㣬һЩԵѧ츳ЩĻаĽԲ̫
Ȼܺ˾ӣѲɣǲͬУ
찡˵Ǵʱ
Լã
ѧǴһ𲻶ֹٵĲԡ
Ȼܺ˾ӲڵĻͷˣҵڰǸˣ
ѽжųδ磬ܽһ򾡣ʱѰõı͹ˡ
ѧǲ˵ţеϲɫֶ˼֣ŤͷĿȫͶ˶ųϡ
ųҲѾǵĶԻҲǵĻеⳡᱦͽһ֣ȻñѾڶ棬вĵ
ųƿ꣬һһ仺˵ڻ˶֣ǵȵҹ˾ʱҲ٣һй۲һΧȥ͵ϮʱҲѡ
һѧǷ׷˵ãһЩһЩûʲô˵ģǱһǵˣ
ʱ
Ӱ棬Ѿ͵ذӪկǴסһߡ
ڴڼ䣬ȴûܺ˾ӵӰӣĲһ𣬹ɢˣ뵥жʲôİɡ
÷ˡ
ѧԺѧһЦŶҲ뿴һһ
档
ȴ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
һ뵽Լܺ˾ӣһھͷˣرĸɴ࣬һر
ô
ҸоðȻôѧÿӵأ
ܺ˾ӵôİ
㣬ôվ﷢ͻȻ߳վںӱߣѯһ䡣
һ۾䵽毺õϣֻ룬ܹӺ˾ΪβһжǾǶ𣿡
Ҹоã̰θôᣬǶѧԺľӢܹӺ˾ӶȻ뵥жʲôİɣʱѧԺıͻˣǸã



1346 

һ㾹Ǿмֵ
˵ǲδǣٴοڡ
գգ۾϶ģ˰ɡ
ôᱻ𰡣ҡħ޻ιϵҺ壬Һ;ԼħһЩ
һʮˡ
ЩԸţҲ˼Ц⣬ûжǾ͸ˡ
󣬹Ȼ˲٣˿ŤͷԺ棬ǽѰ˲ٱȻǷѧԺӮ
ȻߺһǷѧԺѧԺҪӮֻΰɡ
ͷ̹˲١
ԺиֳǧǸŮ˳úÿʵǿ᲻ѧԺ̰ãǸǧΣŤͷͻȻһ䡣
ᵽǧӺһɻǱܺõǧȷʵͦģɽƾһˣͲǷѧԺĶ֡
䣬ﻹûʲôףӦòѧԺĶְɡ˫ɵһ䣬ܾЩ
ȻҲһ£Ҳе㲻ͺʲôץһȫЩ⡣
Ǵɡƿּ꣬Χƽ˾ľ˵һ䡣
Ҳ˿Χſ˵ҲԣȻǶˡ
䣬˱߻ڣЪϢȥˡ
ҹųδѧһķƽ
ǵĽŲᣬеҲѾ˯ԣ͸ܲʲô
Ҹոշ֣Ǻ񽫱Ƕˡ
ҲˣǶиСƤ䣬ͲƤ
ǣǸס㰡
У㻹ǺģȻȲܺ˾ӡ
ųԺ󣬲⹴Цֻһ㣬͸ҵĶ֡
˵Щʱ򣬶ųü֮ȫš
һѧҲΪ˼֡
ǰųľ˫ϵħʦȻĽһССͲĶ֡
һ룬ѧǾͷ࣬ǿųΣҲȫЦ⡣
ʱųһӽǶ
Ҫӽʱ˲¶˷ܵЦݣֻҪȥ棬Щñǵˡ
ѧǲ̿ˮϲζҲŨ˼֡
͵ҪеʱһƢͻȻдų㲻Щ㾹ֱֱ뵽ǱǼ⡣
顱һųǺȫЩһȫ˵ϡ
Ҿ֪̫ƽġЦţ˳һڵϵˣЦҾзһЩ㣬룬ˡ
䣬ùһߵĻѣһգǶųǣЦ
ҵ˭ԭѧԺĶųΰƿ꣬Цݹ죬һ˫ϵħʦȻҲּ飬ܹӻǶ֣û뵽ֽžȻôĲɾ
ųɫüΪѿ
ٱҲ֪мˡ
û뵽㾹ȻôУз㣬֪һ͵Ϯ
ųҧﺬޣⱾǶᱦǶǵıʲô
̯̯֣һʤߵ̬ȻûİԣڶǵģҲû˰ɣ
һųȻɴ˫
ǵȷѰҵ˲ٱǾȻҲڴ⣬ô찡
ʱеҲ˳
һ˲ˣɿʵô°Ϊʲôطô˰
ЦЩѧԺˣûҵʲô͵ǵıʵڿɶĽ
Ҳ
ϵǣмһжųεģǿľ˫ϵħʦô˾ȻҲ͵飿
˲òడ
ųԣɫٴα˱䣬Ϊ
ˣǳЦȻǵıҲǵġ
ԣųεɫٴһ䡣
ѧԺѧȴһ˷ܣǰƿ˵ȻģǾͿԽϵıȥǲͽˣˡ
Ҳҩ߲ˡ
㿴ǣЦһ˰ɣЩȫǲеĳɾͲ۾˰
ųһ߷ߡ
˫ϵħʦȻһϵħʦвˣֱܴ谡
㣬ͲܶȫһûУ׸ĸ



1347 ѱｻ

ųͻȻЩڣΪҪܹ͵ǲҲ˵Ⱦذ£˵Ҳûʲôˡ
أ㽻Ѿ˶ųεĲϡ
ųη·ܵ裬ɫѿ
ѧҲˣҲҩҲãȻǵĶˣҪĻֻܽȫó
ѧԺѧպյģΪ˻ͽռеıȫó
Ѱıﻹͦ࣬䴽һЦЩۺ졣
ûˣŵʡ
ųҲܲ裬̴ӿռָóһЩ
ˣŹ⣬Цû뵽ǾȻҵô౦Ľأϧ˭̰أǲ̰ģǿлӮ˰
ųҧ˫裬Ī裬պлᣬһҪֻ
㽫ȫռָԺ󣬱ָŶųǵ˭Щ˶а
ųһ˲ŭˣ㣬ʲô˼Ƕｻ˰
ѧҲǰ㵽ʲô㲻뽫ɣ
һЦҲûôɵֻǽˮѣˮǵϥǲλֲֻǻᷢѡ
ųеŭɫŨ
䣿
ǸȾ˷纮ûѰұˣ

οأųţеĺ
⣬ǲ˼֣ΣҾѧԺˣûɱҲ御ˣǻǲ𣿡
ųҧ
ֵǶˮУ
ʱ򣬵һʱƱ仯ɳʯ
ڳ˲Щţ⵽ʲôоͰ췢ļһģһ
ô£ô˰ѯʣһЩס
ҪǱߣһѧ
дſ־ͲֻʣѧˣæǲͷҹɫǸȻʱ˶ˡ
ԭأɿ־彫û
龰˫Ҳһ¡
ǵʲô
Ȼôͷϳǣȫںڣ紩һɫף˫ͬͭһС滹ײкɱѪ
Ȼ˫ʱҲ֧Ųסһµڵء
ⶫǴİ
Щ࣬һ
ʱ򾹲κκ֮ɫأһǵСû˼
ˣڸô죿ǧԻ
ǧڲԶĴ׳֦ϣƻͬ˵ǽȫһ٣ǲͿǡ
⴦طʱ򣬾ͷеϸһǷ۸ѧԺѧǽȫ˳
ǿѧԺıܽˣ
˵ѧԺȾģ˺ϼһЩҲˣԣ͸Ƕȥ
Ҳ¶ֹһ;
Ϲŵޣ׺ˣȻֻһ۱η壬ôµĶһ֣ǲԹ԰ѱｻ
ԣǰ档
ǧųƻ
ȴͻȻڣҪǾͽȫᣬǲϽҲöˡ
䣬¶ݡ
ɭ׵ӳ¹£һ˲η壬ҲҶˡ
һ˵˶һ£漴ԭء
ֻħ޾Ȼ˵˵Ѿǡ
찡ħ޴ʮףϣѧֻħ޵Ķ֣Ҫ͵ųΪĿɣ
ſˮһʱ֪˵ЩʲôԴҲһƬհ׵ġ
ѧԺѧҲͱסˣǵڵأ˫ɢ
һߣųȻҲȻʵ̫ˣһƵɽǰֱǼΪСĴڡ
ųſˮԭǵӾ˿̸òӡ
ǽóǣ֮ƺЩá
Щʵ̫СǣͲС˵ֱܴ裡
һѧ
ֻħ޾ȻǳűģڵħҲ֪ҽ
ʵڿµĽ
˫׳ӵЩĺҪ˱ܸܲĶҩʲôĲ𣿡
һرЦȻõҩȥرô򷢵ħ



1348 ȥѹα

᲻ҪҩֻҪϵıǲóֻܳΪʳɭ׵ٴ¶¹ʱĹ˸˷ǳ
Ǽɭ׵ݣҲ̲סȫ
ЩѧԺѧȴǿ˵㣬ͿЩóɣȻһġ
ǰЩѱｻȥɣҿɲ
Ҳء
ǣ첻ͷˣЩĺ÷
ǿĲͷպսｻЩܲı¹ɢĹ⻪Щ᲻ý
ȴûʲôоϹŵޣıޱȶ࣬ЩС
𣿡þ޴۾ǣ翿¡
ҡͷˣûˡ
ԭЩģһ˫˵˫;÷·жĿΡ
¼ˣȻҲˣʲôС˼ֻܽϵıȫȡһ˳ȥ
ӹбЦЩͺƫҪвǣ⼸డǼ
һǵɫüΪѿǾȻһֱħ޸ˡ
ֱǻ
ȫҵֻֿɱħ衣
ҲٶԣתߣѾ˵ˣ˶ߣҪȥЩɵˣǵҲóԣһ˻ԼƷҩġ
֪ǧҩЩҩɺóˣЩóԶˣ
һߣ˿ɸղŵ»ڣǸͲ
ʰϾߣ˭֪ͷħ޻᲻˵ţżּ֮⣬Щº;֡
ѧԺЩѧȻҲµĽ˵̾Ϳʼʰˡ
ǵøϽߣ
æµӰ뿪ʱıӰųҲ̲סֽлǱ߰ǲܽģҩأҪ
˵ǣЩе˵ûнҩʱԺǾˡ
䣬ǵӰȫʧããҹɫС
ųңһһֻħٴҪΪвˣ
ȴ֪Ѿǧˡ
һǧȻСһӾͱСèһĴСɰǳ
ˣҸѹ˲ٱ㿴ϡ
ЩﶼǴѹģŻЩϡ
òǧЦֶһƿҩѧԺǴֱʣЩﶼ
ӹҩԺ󣬾Ȳ
ҩһڣ;ȫǳָоǵҩģ׹һ㣬ģԼʵ˲٣ʱϲǳ
ܺԼⱲõľ
ʱǧѾȫ˹һЩ㲻ĵҩһЩħ޾ˣ弼֮ĶЩǧȻкܶ࣬Щǰ͵İɣȻ߲ܡ
ˣرϲЩ𣿡ʶһ䡣
ǧɵͷ϶ϲֶٽҵġ
Ӧһ
ǧüôˣ
ü̵С˲ǧƣЩͭû뵽˾Ȼôϲ
ǧǲһ飬ЩǼõģû뵽оȻһͭ
ϹްǾǲһġ
þö˵ͻȻЩˣ˵ʲô
ǲҪˣ
Щļ̱סǧĿȿ޿ˣǲ˵ʲô˰ǲҪҶˣ
ǧܾЩ˭˵Ҫ㶪ˣ
̧˫ˮĴżֿ̬Ҹղ˵Щͭ˵ɫһ¾ͱˣоһҪҶӣ
һǧʱ
Ϲ޵Բ治ǳĬһ£ȻһԲôණʵЩ
Ҿֻˡǧ̾һǳ˵ֻڰ̾۹߶ѣ˵ĶЩҪúܶ𣿡
ȻˡһβͶ̵ϸߣϹţĺñȻ಻ʤҵĶѨﻹкö಻ıɱЩͭöˡ
ǧһ˫һĶѨѹĵط𣿡
һ㶣ǧЩ˯ˣҲһѹϸ룬˺һſ˵ҵĶѨɣȻ˯ֵطأ



1349 㿴ҲǺõİ

Ϲ޲Ųһط˯ء
ǧһеĹʸ˼֣ǰײзǳҲûüǸطϸѾħˣȻҪȥǸطƣһб©أ
ԼޣЩҲģ
ԣЩǰ·ȥĶѨǧЦԴࡣ
ĺſ˫ǧ棬ˣȥ
ǧһϡ
˫ҹУܿͽǧǸط
ǧ£ʱ㷢ǸѨѾˣŪضǣСʯҲһأһʱĳֳһ
棬һɲǣطͱˣٴοǸѨֶкöţµʵʵģͽȥӡ
ǧˣ˫Ҫ֪ûжѨҪŵȫῪ򣬸ͽȥġ
һ˫׼Ū
ˣæ˵ˣЩҰɣһܿġ
ظ֤ǧ˲䴽һЦ
ʱѾצӣͷῪŹһյĹЩͱɾˡ
ǧһۣϵЦݸΪ˼֣»Ѹ٣Ҿرġ
һ֪ǧڿԼƿ̾ЦȻҿ˵Լޣ϶Բʧġ
ǧ󣬴ϵЦݸΪԡ
ܿ죬ʹǸط˼ֻۣһ㷢֣Ǹطʯ鱻ῪԺ󣬾һĺĶѨ¶˳
ǸѨ˵ģ˯ĳѨ϶вٵı
ǧ̣еЦΪ˼֣ŤͷһۣȷѨб𣿡
ȻͷȷѨжȻҲŵıǿЩȥɣЩﱻˣǰװױˣ
һģ̌Ž뵽˶ѨС
һ뵽ѨУһǧ΢üͷȴδֳʲô
ȴһԼˣ޿䣬ٴѾǧˣѨеζ϶ţɲҰ
ǧЦҡҡͷҿû˵Ҫ㣬Ͱİɡ
ԣİ˲١
ΪĶѨͷûʲôΣգ˼ǧ㿴һǰĵطƮ
ǧ˫һ˯ĵطˣȹڣ̧Ŷȥ
С׷˹ȥ
һ뵽ǧ˫ͱһ£˺þãȫӦ˹
찡׿ʲôΪζѨлôңһһѵģѾѵ߸ߵĽɽ
ǧǰĳ棬ͱҵĹâϹˡ
ȴЦҵĶѨЩңнԱߵıﶼҵġ
ǧٴγ˳飬ʵһֻϹŵޣҪôʲô
ɽ˳˼˺һſ˵ЩǧǰѹģǽҵأҿŲˬ;;ǳԵԵ֮ǰ㽫ϵĶѹһա
΢٣ֵȻЩңģرƯͽȫѵ㿴ҲǺõİ
һǧĴٴһ飬㻹־Ŷɽˣһѹ˲ɣ
ͷһԺȻЩЩ˫ַϵġ
ǧһΣֻϹײУЩ࿴ȻµĽȻ¾Ϳ϶Ὣ˫ַϡ
᲻ŹǡԣЩ඼˰ɡ
쿴˽һвٱЩѹģЩ˫ַϵģһЩҴӱġָŽɽԵıһ԰ڡ
ǧһۣʱһ
찡
ֻϹ޵ѹˣ˶ٱﰡ
ĿһȫǺñİϸûΪϡȱȴܴ۸ˡ
ǶѱһЩʥ׵ħ޾ˣ񼶵ħ޾˶УЩһЩ߽׵ľ弼飬ֻҪǸ߼Ķﶼܼ
ǧ˫Щ˼ؿһۣЩҲѹ𣿡
°̧ߣڳһΪģȻǵģһģϲЩ𣿡



1350 С

ǧͷֱ϶ϲ
ȻҲмʥħ޵ľˣʵ̫ˣûôþûˣȴܼô߼ħ޾ˣȻϲĽġ
ƿ꣬󷽵Щڶ˵ˡ
һǧٴ𺳡
ԼϹ޻кôģܵõһܵõô౦ֱ׬
ͺֻǮСͲͯӣϲˡ
ȷҪбﶼңǧ̲סѯһ䡣
æͷȻϲĻҿ϶Ըȫ˰Щֲãȫˣ˴ôãҳԵҩЩҩҵʵ
˵óϿңǧҲģһӣЩͽȫǽ뵽Ŀռˡ
һۣЩȣôһӾͽȫˣɱͷЩˡ
ǧЦ
˿̣ѾҹƲ㣬ͷڲָ
ˣɿ˵ˣҪҶѨϢɣͷôڣ϶ҲҲʲôϢĵطˡ
ǧ󣬵ǾĻе춼ôˣҪҸϢĵط϶ףЩõط϶Ҳռˡ
ֲЩһжܾʮŸɵģǲɵᱻ۸أ
ԣһжȽϺá
ºͰ׳֪ΣǣһжҲδɡ
һǧ;ڶѨϢˡ
ĶѨбкܶɲݣ˯ģͲ䡣
ǧɲ̺ãʣµĸɲݵȼһѡ
˲佫Ѩָǧů
ǧűߣһʱֻðޱȡ
ã˿ȴǧУһȻԵõģ
СѾͷþ˵ãõϹޣõµһѱǴ˵еӮקקǧ°ڣһ˫ɫ˫ر
ǧֻЦЦ
ÿһۣҲû˵ʲô
Ĳռ𣿡ǧһۣʵ
ŵһŲҪȥռ䣬ռħȸ
ȥҲȥռ䣬ֻߡ۰Ͱ͵سǧǴ˿̽ռ䣬ֻ޳ġ
һ㶼ȥǧЩȵգգ۾
ħ޵Ļ϶Ŷռ䣬ȴǲͬѲɣϹ޾ͻ΢һ㣿
룬ȫ롭ٴҡҡͷ˲¶һҪı顣
һЦǿˣռΪºǵСްûá
ƿ꣬Щֻ˵Ĳռ𣿾ǿռŨʵߺü㶼ȥ𣿡
ȻһҲɴ˼֡
ռ澹Ȼ
Ϊͨħ޿ռ䰡ֿռɽɲ£þȻ˵ռ渻ĿŨǳ
򴽽ǣк¶һĨˣռ浱𣿡
ǧµؿҲˣռ䶨ȻΪ°ɣº
ռȻģ뵽ռͷҪߵĸɡǧƿ꣬ûп˼
еŨǻǸõطܽȥĻܸʵˣ
ʱǲǾܽħȸ˰
뵽˴Цţˣռȥ
ı⣬ǧЦŵ٩һ䣬ڲº𣿡
һɵɴ˼֣Щҿǧˡ
ǧ䴽ЦЦ
ѹ˵£ҲŲأҿϹŵޣŲһֻС񡭡
ǧһ˲Ц
Сݻа
δ˵Щʲôֻ˦˦䣬ûһƾʧԭء
ʱѾ뵽˿ռС
Щ㶵ؿſռеһС
찡뵽һԴĵطһˮˮԻкöҩݵҩккöԼȥħȸҲС
Զһɫĸ֮̾һǻģһȻ֮˲
˼ۣһʱ侹Щ㱣ܵΧŨʱ˹
ֻûƭ
Щ뵽ʱȻԼʵ־˲٣ЩŨȻħ޵ٶȡ



1351 ǵĿĻʲôأ

оһ죬ܴﵽͨļ꣬߼ʮ꣬һޱĵط
̽Ŀջأ׼úһ˵
**ǧһֱûжѯʵÿռΣҪ𣿡
ͬҲڵҪռֱǼõģأͻƵļȲˡ
ǧһʧЦ
֪Ǻħޣ޻ޣϲ׿ռġ
ڶѨ˯һܿ
ǧһӶѨ߳ʱͷѾµһٴοʼ
ǧЩʳ׼·ˡ
һ·ƽĺܣѧͶųǻˣҲûˣҲ֪Щ˾ںδܸо⴦ɽر󣬺һ
ǧ֣еںɽ߶
ѧԺѧҲǲµģ˼ǰһ󵶽ײ
顱
˴
ǧ΢Ҳ˭˭ڴأ
̷˹ȥ
һǶǧ㷢ѧԺѧںܴܣѧԺ࣬ܶ֡
ûһڽڰˣޱĳʤ׷ȫûһ˼
ǧˣ̾ϢһѧԺЩѧǴžȻܣΪռˣ
뵽˴ǧҲ¶һĨκͼڽ
°ܽȫȫЩѧĶ֣սʤܻҪʮɡ
һ۱ûʲô£ת뿪ɵתʱȴִ澹Ȼվһˡ
ǧϸһ˫һ¡
վڴ˾Ȼ˾ӣǸС
ǺڰĻ᳤ǧˣ˫
֪˾ʲôĿģɴ˿̼ǾЩףվǶʲôҪ͵ϮѧǱʲôأ
ǧ˼⣬üͷȴǽһ
ʱ򣬰ǸܵǧĿ⣬̧ĿͶϡ
һɲĿԣǧЩȻɰȴɫ糣к޲ˮһ
һʱ䣬˾ңңš
Ҳ֪˶ãǶ˶ӣת뿪
뿪ǧüͷ壬еҲڲͣӳôˣ˿˵ʲôأ
ǧʵ̲סת˹ȥЩŪȻԴᱻűġ
Űһ˵Уǧ˫ȴûκκµ˿̵ĺɽѧԺĵ̡
ҪǧҲʡ͵ĵƣȻֳܴĶʱ򣬷κȾѶΪڰ᳤Ȼᱩ¶
ʱԣΪ˺Ķͦã
ǧ˫ֻأµؿ˿رϣܹ֣ܽҴĿˡ
ϣҶ֣½Ųڣɤ˲ǧͷƤ顣
ǰҲһطֱ꣬ػա
һۣͬƿᶯ𣿡
Цҡҡͷ£ҵĿ겢㡣
ǺڰأҪľһЩʿνѪѪܵ
ǧ󣬲üͷʲô
пЦΪҪ㣬ֲҺڰˡǴӦǺڰᣬҵܸһЩ
ǧͬȴЩ̴̣ûãƭҼڰᣬǳ˵Ρ
ʼ磬һԸ̸ӡ
ǧ򴽣еĺٴα˳ѧԺҲͬµĿй𣿡
ȻĿ겻Լֻʲôأ
ʱǧ뵽ڰ׻½һУʱǺڰѰҵˡ
ô˿̳ѧԺѲҲǸйأ
ǧ²ţȴǲ²һȻ
п˫ѾµЦ⣬ãǻʲôĿأ
ǧ˫ֻأ˵ô֪ǵĿģ˵Ҿֻܲ²⣬ֲ²ԣ粻¡
ٴһЦЦȴԼ˼Īζ
ǧ˫
оǧûһҪֵ˼
ǴобʲôĿģɾʲôĿҲֻƾ²⣬޷֤ʵ



1352 ŵѧ

ǧ˫ɫЩѿ˼֡
䴽һЦ֪û³ʲôеЦŨƽһĨ°Ȼһ˲ͷǳ
ǧҧ˫β
ֿһۣ㣬ת˲㲻ˡ
ǧˣɵɴ˼֣ڰ᳤ƤӵˣӵʱȻ޴Ӳ˵ֱǰЩ
֪ǧܣҲмŤ֮⣬ڰ᳤ɲ⣬ܽڰһټ
һֱǧԴȴʼյòһ𰸡
ǧ̾˿ɫò԰һЩҪ뿪ȴִһŲ
ŲЩɢ·ɢһ㡣
ɳɳɳŲҶϵ𣬽ŲԽԽˣǧȻͷһӾͿˡ
Ȼ£ǧЩ⡣
¿ǧʱã
Сǰ毺õϴЦ⣬Цľһֻº޺СϸϸʱֻÿɰĽ
ҲˡǧЦ˵һ䣬ôɰΪ硱ôЩвڡ
˳Ȼĺðɡǧĵ΢΢̾һܵ˵ͦϲµġ
˵͵صͷǰ͵һͦߵĵطűߵͿˡ
䣬ٴЦλεЦݣɾ峺һӾů˲١
ǧƿ꣬Цһ䣬һ·ѧԺˣѰʲô
´ϸϸ˼һ·ûѧԺˣﵹѰһЩ
䣬ܻؽѰıȡ֮лмƷ㲻ɺƵıͲԶˡ
ƷЩҩ֮Ķ
ǧһ֮󣬱½ЩպãܲɣǮƲ¶
һæȫ
ۣСһ䣺ãҲһ𣿡
ǧЦŵͷǰҲһ󴫵һϡٵĵطһ·Ҳѡ
Ȼûнųǵ˵ҲǼǵıɣȥвǣ˵ܻӰѧԺġ
һЦԭ˰ǲǿͬ˰
˵ЩʱµģҲģߵľһֻɰСһ
ǧˣֻĶ˲٣ƿЦðǶһˣͬȻҲǿԵġ
ȻС󣬵ӲϺȣοԼ׸簡һܹȸʶһǿɣ
ǧһ룬ϵЦҲΪŨ˼֡
ӦЦøӲˣֻĶ⻹е죬ȥһӡ
ǧһۣЩ̾簡ʲôʱܲôأ
²֪Щʲôգ۾͸С¹һĹرĿɰ
ǧ̾һſ˵ȥɡ
æͷã
ǧһۣþҲֵߵǮġ̽ĿջأҲͷҲˡ
˼ǧǰһЩȥңֲõĸо
ͬҲָоɳǧЩȥЩëëģǰǷʲô˰ɡ
ǧüĿתĵĹȥ
һæͷðĵĹȥ
һŲԴȥûһ˱㵽Ǹط
ǸطΧźЩѧԺѧǧϸһǷǻǡ
ΧһҲ֪ʲô
ǡºڣģᱻ˲
ǧüĿһȷǣҲ֪ΧһʲôղҲܾòʲô¡
²̿ˮҲǧĻе
ղŵЩ˵ң־ЩëȻĸо
ûһΧǱߵ˶ʱɢ˲١
ǧ͸϶ǱʱǧһΣüͷҲ˼֡
ǱмľӣľϾȻżѧԺѧǧϸϸһְ׳ȻҲСǾһľϡ
ǵϾЩ˿ڣϸϸܵģѪȻǸղɵġ
ǧ龰˫ȭɽĿǰ֪Щ˿ڵ˭ɵģ⵽ҲѧԺѧԺ֮еı



1353 

ĥҲôġ
ͬҲһͷƤɷ˼֣ǾȻȫˣѲɣĥ𣿡
ǧü˵ܡ
󣬲ҧҧҲ̫˰ɣ˹ĥѧԺѧô찡
ȿ˵ǧΪ侲˵ţȻʲôԵĵطֱӳȥˡ
󣬲ͷá
ʱһаؿűľϵļˡ
ǱѹϵıͷͼΪѻҪѰһйڣȴôѰ
ʱ򣬰׳ͻȻˣҲѰұѰ˲١
ǼˣȻסˡ
ǰҪȥɰ׳ȴܣֲô
һǾ͸ѻˣħ۸ֱһȺѧԺѧ۸Ǻǵģ
Ҳ̲סֱͳһȥ
㱻ȥ˲䣬׳Ҳûˡ
˳µؽǰϵıȫѹθɾˡ
ôǰŵζðɣ㸺վһЦſѯʡ
ѧͬҲһЩر˷ܣ·δǵˣǽǵ׸С
ŵѧšüǵȴ˺⡣
ǱҲѹˣʲô
ǸղŻһ٣Ҳý˰ɣ
ʱ򣬰׳ƿ꣬ͻȻһ䣬ǵʲô
´Ǽۣ͸ڿֻһ¶ȣżּڽ
ƿ꣬ЩŪǵ鱾ͲãƫҪײǹҪʱǹԹԽͺΪҪƴţ
ѧԺ˲˵֮еĺŭɫȴԡ
ţѲҪԹԱ
Ҳ̫˰ɡѧԺѧüһĲм
ǵıˣЦһ㻤ţŪǸӲˣ԰Ǿ͸һҩۣⲻȫ׸Ҳǵ֮
һѧǵıߺ
ǱлὫЩ˴ˣ˭룬ӵֶΣֱޱȣ̫
֪ŭʲô㲻ΪɲŲ˵ڵ黹ǺܲãǾ͸ɡ
ǳϵЦ£һѪϢҪȫŪһ㡣
ֱкܶѪ¼ŪҲûʲôİɡһ룬еѪ֮ɫˡ
ѧԺѧˣҲеѪ֮ɫȴڲϽš
㣬㲻ѧԺĺɽǶʲôͲѧԺ𣿡
ǰԺһϲ鵽׵ģʱ򣬾ͻһ
㣬ְɣڷǣǲὫ˵ȥġ
ָ⣬ЦȻǳ۵ȴǴżаǣôأǺòײŽץὫǷŵҡ
һββȴĸζˡ
ѧԺѧüǽ㣬һʱĿͣҲɷܾõ
ܣὫȫɱɫҰף㽫ֵڴ䣬ٴ䴽ЦЦдżֺ˵һ˲ѹ֡
ûãǿ˵ңֱͻ˲ˣ͵͵Ľɱᱻأ
һѧԺѧˣѧԺѧҲһ
ѧԺѧΪֻѵһ٣˭룬ҪǶɱ
ôУ
һѧԺ˷أ
ʱǿҪʲôİ㣬ԸһѵͳˣɱʲôǲҪ˰ɡ
ôҲѧԺĵ̣һɱ˱ô죿ǿ϶Ҫİ
㣬Ļ˰ɡ
ѧԺѧȰţҲżֿ־ɫ۸óɱ˵ĻҲ̫ˡ
˵С£ϵŨû뵽ǾȻ㵨Сһ˼ĵط潫ɱˣҲֻ֣ᷢΪڱȥģңѧԺʵ̫ţɱǼʲôأ
һѧǾǶĬ
һʱǾĻе



1354 ԰ѵճɱ

ѧԺ˵ȷţټ˼ɱ˵ȷᱻ֡ǻħвˡеڻѻţҪһйڣ⼸ѧԺ˵ǲѡ
ʱѧϵɶΪ˼֡
Щɶٽ͵͵ܣǲ֪ġ
ѧһ̱ʾԼҳϡ
ģǾǲᱳġ
ǶǷѧԺˣĸᱳأ
˵òⲢûʲôˣЩʲôֲҲᱻ˷ֵġ
һ϶¶յЦݣ˵ЦţϾȫǶ⡣
ǲˣ׳ȻڵΣǶܶɱˣⳡˣǲ˶⣡
ע⵽˰׳û㲻ǵȼ̫ˣȻֻһ׶ѡһ׾ȻҲܽѧԺ´ۣѧԺʲôʱˣ
ѧЦ
׳ɫǺ죬ܲ
㹴𴽰ֵ꣬һ׵ħʦҲѧԺҲһ
׳Щ䣬ϵ¶Ҳٴߡ
ȷһףȲЩģǣѾŬȥˣҲֻһ֮ңѣ˵ЩȫȫŬ硣
׳Ȼ̧㣬ȫǲʺѪ֮ȻֻһףֻҪŬպԲֹǰⷬҵȫŬҺܲġ
ɫٴα˱䣬ȫȻûȻ˵̬
ƿ꣬Цһ׵ļһﾹȻҲǰҽŪǣҾͲˡ
䣬λεɱ⡣
ڰ¼ˣüһǾҪɱѧԺˡ
Ϊ鲻ѡɱˣǵһ˵ôģһɱɵģһʱ֮ɽһ㣬
ǧȻҲۣⷬ۾䣬ɲǣɽѩ˲ֱӡ
ǣֱ̫ǧ˵ţĿⲻֱú˼֡
ЩżǲӦðǾȳ
嶼ģ˲ɾĶ״̬Ҳֻ׸ѡ
ǧ̾ϢһҪ˵ЩʲôͿһӰ˹
Ǹˣǰ׼λ
ǰ׼ҵĶӣӦòɱ׼ҵճӵġ
ǧƿ꣬Ŀ侲ȵȵ˵
һߣȹڣŻ˹㣬ȥ̽ϢΧıǺбھļʣµЩ壬ǵıֱħˣȥǷѧԺֻ»
㿴Цôأ㲻ڵʱֵõ˲ٱ
ָĵطȥͼѵŲٱ滹һЩĺۼȻǸողڳġ
ˣ˫һڶ̶ʱڵõôö
üЩƮƮȻ
Ťͷм˱ľϣһðɴ˫Ҳһ¡
ⲻǰ׳
ǰ׼ҵճӣôͱľˣ
΢Ƭ̣ܿһԼʵ㣬Щô£ΪҪǶľϣ
Щ˰㳯ǿһۣں˵ЩѧԺˣԼмֱ¾ǰQʵܲסǵıǰľϡ
֪ԭЩġ
һǴǰ׼ҵճġЩس׳һۡ
ʱ׳Ҳǡڿ
ɲǣĿԣ׳д˼ŭɫȴǱһ̿ˮ̽Ŀջ
㣬׼ôЩ˰򴽽ǣʵûͦСġ
תȴû˵
һԷѧԺѧȴǿ˵С㣬׼ЩѧԺȫɱ⣬˭̫أ
ŵò
ɴ˫Щŵؿ㣬㣬㾹ȻҪɱ
ôԣ׳ǰ׼ҵĵճӣɱǰ׼ҼλҪˣʱ򣬿϶ʲô˶һǰ׼Ҳ
㣬ͻȻɱ᲻ЩðѧԺ֪ǿ϶Բ˶ߵġЩɵȴֺСĵ˵һ䡣



1355 һЩ

ĿڰתĿⶾżӣôɵƽ簡ǲʲôң
ԣĿֹ
ЩƳͷôءҲ̫˰ɡ
Ŷ𣿡㹴𴽰꣬ĿȴԾͣڰϣеҲΪ˼֡
ʵڶסѹֻܿ˵㣬Ҿ͸ʵʵ˵˰ɣǰ׼ҵĵճӣǽɱİɣǰ׼Ҽλӽ˼̳Уʱǰ׼ҽᶯ
㾪ȵһüˣǰ׼ҵĵճӣ
е㲻ţ˵ȼһףȻǰ׼ҵĵճӡǰ׼ҵĵճӣȻôһˣ
ǰ׼ҵճӣȼһף㳯һۣĳŪΪǰ׼ǼõĹңɲ룬ǰ׼ҵĵճӾ˵Ĳ
üͷһǵϡ
ȷ׳Ϊǰ׼ҵճӣȷЩˣ˭ǵճأѪĵճӡ⡭ҧ˫һʱ䲻֪˵
㿴˰죬ǿ˼ֵһûõĵճӣֻҲǲİɣûйϵлˣԽճɱκ˷֡
۾Ȼɴ˼֡
׳ɱ
ǣ֪Ļ϶ĺܲҡⲻԵġһ£ͷҡø˹һٲãҲǰ׼ҵĵճӣ汻ɱһңʱҵĺҲ㵽ͷˡ
еĳŪԣôС£ճˣ̳а׼ҼλӰ
Щ˼ؿһۣܾĻе뾭ѵ
ôܣüͷ˵ŮôܻΪ׼Ҽ˼Ͱ׼ЩҲͬġ
𴽰꣬һֿ׳յ鿴ǵճȥ˵㸸װʱ򣬰׼ҾʣһӣԵݳΪȻҲͬģЩ׼ҵĳ˵Ҳֻǰѣһܲͬ⣿
ɶٽң츳ãճӲˣʵ鰡
˫ҲĻе
ֻҪ׳ˣ׼ҼʱǳؾģҲÿ˵ɫˡ
ŴǣǽŤЦݣ˵òղ̫СûͨͨˣҲӵһԼ
ǾɱˣЦſ
΢㶹󣬾¶˵ͷֻҪû˷֣ɱ˰ɡ
󣬼Ϊ⡣
׳ȴǵɴ˫ЩŵؿŰ
ǰ׼ҵĺӣô˺ģ
׳˫ͻȻ뵽ҶһУǸףȴҲҪ񣬰ҲҪν׼˾ôϲȡ˵
⽥ɿŰĿȴӣԹ
һּۣŨŨԹͷһͻȻ֮Щˡ
ҲǼϲò״̬ûѡ㣬㶯ְɡ
׳ò˼飬㡭
ƿ꣬ЦЩ׳ҲңҪ־͹ãȻС
ȴǸѧʼɣ׼ҵճӻˡͳЦ˵һ䡣
ͷûκ
ʱ򡭡ڰüŭû뵽ȻˣһΪȣ˭֪ȻҲð׳
ǧЩεʼǰЩܻһЩԵĶˣѾħˡ
ΪͬصͷȷħѾ֮ܳΪˡ
ڸô찡еżڰ׳ҵʱͰ׳Ĺϵ㲻
Ҫ˵Ⱥеżˡ
ǿ϶Ҫȵġǧƿ촽üȥ֡
еĪǸ˭֣
ǧЦŽֵڴ䣬һĪӣһ˦㽫ٻ˳
Ϲޣر׺ˣͱŵòᣬеĿ־嶨Ṵ
ˣͲûѹȥǴˣֻҪװģһţܾˡ
¿ŵСèһСеɻˣǡȥ𣿡



1356 ѧԺͳ

ССèһСȴûСèɰģȥ񸲸һףǺɫ֡
أֻҪǶһվǾͻᱻǧ˵ţȫĺš
ƶǶصͷ
ֻҪһվͺˣСô
ȻȥǣǽᵽıҲ³ǧСԴһǾеˣ̽˰ɡ
˫𣬡ðð֤˵񡣡
ǧЦ¶⡣
¿һһޣֻе㲻˼飬ǾȻڶԻоرӡ
µע£Ӳݶ߳
һӾȻˣøСɽһһ˲ƣ˱ѹ
¿ǰ޴Ҳżֲ˼顣
죬ղСèһСȴú͸ɽһӵķһԽܣſˮ˫Ҳͣ
~~~~~~~
̧߹ȥʱ˲ζСʯӷ׷ɣһɻҺ˵ĳ档
㱾ɱˣ¾죬ŤͷɫͻȻɷףһı顣
Ѿˣֻƣײк˵ħޡֻħ޾ͳֹǵıԺˣڣôֳأ
˫ȲͣڴŲ
ÿ¡ʲôʲôİɡ˼ɫҲɷޱȣӵħľ˺£Ҫε~~~~~~~
ڱƽǺܽĵطͣ˽Ųǣ
ۺ翣һɾ˵ѹʹǸͲΡ
˫ȭӲͷƤѾｻˣͻȻʲôѾûбˡ
ûбЩ˼ؿǽűߵĶǽűߵĶʲôʯͷûõ
ǱһȻЩǴӰ׳ѹγıΪû̫⣬ֱӽЩ˵ϡ
ֻħٴγ֣ҲѹǱ˼
˫ͻȻЩյ˼ЩȷǱ
֣˫ʱȻǱǾͶɡ
Դһըֻħ޹ȻѹǱģЩҲǺò׶õģֱȥָôأ
ҧŴͼ˵飬죬Ҳȡ˲ٱЩ𣿽ЩҪһ񣬾Բ뿪Щģɣٽ˫ַϣɺã
ѧŵ̱ڵأҲá
קק½ǣһ£㣬һˣһڽǳԵô죿
ҧ˫ҲѾܲôˣ뽫ϡ
࣬ĺЦ˴ҲΣ԰ɣһ£Ŀ޵ġ
һ£ɫֱɷ˼֡
ʼЩģЩﶼǵõģƾʲôҪһֻħޣֻħȻӴ󣬵ôôԶԸ
ͷһֱԺһ˫ζͣ
ǿС˼ʱͷųѹ
һɾ˵ѹɢڸǸܵѹԺ󣬾ôãģǿѪͬһſڵһˡ
͡ؿڣҲͻһѪ
ԵڵأֻĿںʲôϮһֹܲͣˡ
ֻħ޵ѹ
ǿͷȥĻһġ
ҧ֪ˣǸͲֻħ޵Ķ֡㣬ͷѹˣǽˡͻȻ˵һ䣬ҰֽſĽ
գգ۾ô˵ֱӽѹˡ
ͣѹʧˡ
һܺˣؿҲ˲٣ʱҲҽֻܹԹԽｻ
ﶼˣðɡһǰܡ
ȫѹߡ
ͷڵѪ
㣿ȫѹԺͻȻ㡣
ھ޴ѹ£ǵ˵ͷǵģ㡭
ꡣ
һЩܳʲô
ſ죬ɲͬѪڣ˾ޱȣ˵ܺóԣգƷһµġ
ԣŵ̱ڵأɫǲҰֽ



1357 

óԣҪƷһ£
ô޴ħƷ
ҵģȻҰײҰףո۵Ѫ˲ȫޣңҵⲻóԣĲóԡ
˵ͷеãģܶ˶˵óԣȻҪƷһ£Ͼϲʳˡ
ƴҡͷۿ֮кͮͮģһֻ۸СӣңҺóԵĴڡˣǸǧģӦҲܺóԣȥɣ
˵֣һ׳յ񣬿㼸ۡ
ȥˣΪԼж
ԲģЩߡ
ǧںʼ磬µʱߣǷѧԺѧ𣿡
΢㶣ܾл
ǧ˴꣬ȴûнյ˵ҲǲֵһС¡
ʱѾýĿ⿴㣬˲ȤҪԵľ꣬ƾ˵¶ı䡣
һӲĸӾˡ
ҺòãҸ㱦Ҹ౦òãģƽȻŵͲڣ˿̣ȥһСһƴĵС
һۣеĲм˼֡
ƾ꺰ƺҲŹġһȻ˹ȥٶȺܿ죬֮仹ɱ֮
ɴ˫Ҫܡ
һѿסȣҪ
УҲ֪ͻȻվ
񱼣ͼҪ˦
ں׷ϣٶȺܿܽ׷ȴûˣǸҲܣŲҲͻȻ
һ·̵ʱƴ׷ȥӪһǧһĺ˸Уľɽһ
Ҫ˦ģһ룬׷ó·һſھܽԵ
ֻƴܣܡַ·Զ˦һŵĸβҲʼ˼ˤڵء
ߣڱ׷ϣһߣѧǼߵҲ׷׵ͷߡ
˭ֻ֪ħ޻᲻һ군
ǿܰɣ
һܵǰ˵ʲôճӲճӵģ˵ɡ
ѧȥһʱ䣬⴦طֻʣ±ŵЩˡ
ʱ׳ҲŻϾһֻôӴ˵ħޣѹǿȻµĽ
ʹֻħѾԶȥǻǺ£ǵ廹ƲЩǾͺˡ
OO@@
һ𣬶ĲݴҲ
׳ǻΪֻħֻˣϵĿ־ٴۣһ䱸ؿŲݶѣζͣ
ʲôǡǧֶ毺õȴûʲô顣
¸ǧĿȴ䵽׳ϣ׳û°ɣ
ǧǣЩŵѧ˿
ʶˣֻħ޵ĻҪˡһá׳ǧһʱҲе㼤˿ǧͻȻٵ˸аȫС
Ǿͺá˿
ǰһ
õͷţһ̱ڵأ޷վ
ҩЧرãûʱǾ޷վġ
Ƕ𣿶վüͷһ䡣
׳ǵͷϸķ߿
ǰǶˣǵֶʵǾ㣬ɶĽ
Ҵδ˺޳֮ˣֻħ޶ȻǾ̫޳ܣԲž׷ġ
ӦðԵ
ѧੲݣȫ˵Ĳǡ
лǧȡ׳ͷͻȻǧ˵һ䡣
ǧЦҡҡͷÿҲ·ģѧԺѧţǿ϶Ҫȵİ
׳Ц㲻˵
ǧǶվͽƿⶾҩȡǽⶾҩǺºӦܽҩЧɡ
ѧǵ˫
ǺҩҩЧ˲ˣվˣ
ⶾҩҩЧĳã
ѧһ춼Ǹл
ǧǳл㣬ΪҪĸʱû뵽ھվˡ
ЩⶾҩҩЧãƼ𣿡
Ƽң
ǧ¶һĨζЦݡ
ЩⶾҩôƼģЩɶǷģַ˵ãĽⶾҩǲˣЧá



1358 ڱ

ƼҵЩҩܺͷȣ
˵ΣǧЩˡҲ֪˿ЩʲôǲҲأ
ǧ򴽰꣬ԺҪúõĲΣ
ǧ˳ĬһѧЩԾţȫϲɫ
ǧǲֻ˰һ𣿡
ôǣǿ϶ٱˡ
ʵ̫Ҫֻ
˵㣬ѧϵķ߿ˣʱͻȻһѧɡ
ȵȣ㱻ħ׷ţܻŻ𣿡
һ֮ĬСǰܻ
ƣеͷʣ˰ɣǧаԷֻ֣úýˣδӦܻŻ᲻ȱ첲ȵľͲö֪ˡ
ͻȻҺµȷһģҪӵĻȻҲǿԵġ
ѾˣﶼѹεĲˣҲǲԣʱϷѧԺ˾ͿԴȺܣָоӦûˬ
ѧԺѧӦһϽԴŲõЦ⡣
ǧܸ̫ˣԵʲôˣǾͲٺ¡
ǰղŵɰǺˣǧڣǶᱻڲжˣнⶾҩء
ô˵ĻҾܷˡ
ѧߴߴ˵ͣϵЦҲδȥ
˵һȴͻȻżְպͲʡ
ѰıȫѹˡԣӦ˵Ǳͷħѹˡ
Ǻòײҵıħѹˣǿô찡
ȥĻǵĿ϶ġ
ѧüͷȫǷ֮ɫ
ǧȴЦֻħ޿ԼޣЩȻͽУЩɲ˵
ʱҲʶǧһۣ˿
ǧһƣʾҪ˵
ͷЩȻǶãҲ϶˵ġ
ǧĿջأһЦ˵˿ûбһ˵ˣôˣûбҲᣬⳡǿġ
һѧͻȻ˷
ǰǿģǧµļ룬Ҳ൱ǿģ㻹δҲǵĶˡ
뵽˴ѧеŸΪԣÿҲƱһ⣬Եøҫۡ
ǧˣٴһȻҶͬˣϢһ£һþ͸·ҵ䵥ľ͸ˡ
ѧǻ˲ʿǡ
ǧվԭأ罫ɫһ˲廪߹޲
ԭһǿʼ·ˡ
ǧٲȻСӵĶӳ˵ʲôѧǶرϣȫûʲôԱ֣Ҷͦԣͦɰġ
ϲĸоּ˷ӣ⽫Щ˶ȥ
˼ǾȻһõطǴõطϵıǾȻûбھҲ˵ЩźöֻҪãܵõЩö
ѧ˫һȴûбͷԣǺ侲ؿǧ
С㣬ǰкöûбھıǣӦΣ
Ӧڿű
Ҳ壬þᰡ
ѧ˵ͣǽǰıǣҲнжġ
ºͰ׳վһһʱҲû˵
ȵȵȣұ浽Ǳﻹ塣ǧͻȻڣҲѾʼ˵ˡ
ý֪һȫ˵˳
ǧȻһ˲˫Ө͸ͬһ峺ˮģ͸һĨš
ѧǲЩؿǧ
ѵܱĸбĸ壿
찡Ҳ̫˰ɣֱ֮ܳΪˡѧ۰ͰͿǧȫڴ
ǧָǰһǣƿңͽǰھбš
Ļƽƽȴ͸һţ޶ŷ
ѧǲδᣬǼΪεȡϵСߣС߷ڿϵºͰ׳վһԣѧһεӣͻȻֳһĨ΢С
Ŷ̶ʱ䣬ǧѧôŷҲ̫˰ɣ
׳Щֱ
ȴ룬ԼĽ
ûһѧǾȻڵһӲĶʸп϶Ǳɣѧ˫΢µĶҲ˼֡
κֻáˡһһöСɵĿռָͳС



1359 öħ޾

öռָͨĿռָͬ
ĿռȽϴܹŸõĶֿռָŵĻ϶ǧ
һΣѧԺԺѪˣ
Ҳ֪ѧԺóʲô̫϶ᱻѧԺȥġ
ѧСռָڳЦŽռָݵǧǰҲȫǰȻ¡
С澹Ȼбһôı
С㣬Ǿ͸ˣǻԷӵģ
С㣬ԺڱʲôĻƣˣǾԻ񡣡
ѧ˵ţȫǶǧľ⡣
ǧһҲ˼֣лҵĺ񰮣ᱦЩʱ䣬ЩʱﻹҶգȡѧԺѹ
һѧǷ׷׼ѪǲϻҲһС硣
ûҪѧԺݺѹʵ̫ţҪȡ˵
ǰΪʵ˷ָ
ȵȣҸղźǸ˵׳ǰ׼ҵĵճӣҲ˵׳ͰѪԵϵģǣղŰҲɱ׳˼̫治ˣ
һѧǷ׷׿׳ȫͬ顣
ܵѧǵĿ⣬׳ɫҲһ˲Щ΢ˡ
Ѿ˸ղŵ飬ɾǵѣ뵽ˡȷҪĿľΪǼıֻҪճһƾʵӦҲܵϼѪףһ֮λɱ¶ǳ
׳Ŵ꣬Ĳˡ
ǰ˵Ұֵʱ򣬰Ҿ뽫ɱĨȥϡ
£˵ճ֮ҲҪɱˣָо˺ܲˬ
׳ҧŴ꣬һʱ˫Աó˼֡
ѧǼ׳ɫˣ뵽ʵ˷ָ̿ˮһʱҲͲ˵ˡ
ҵʹɫЩѿ
ǧ䣬ļʵ׳ôϢˣǸţ
Ϣ˵ĻҲ̫˰ˡ׳һ΢΢䶯ţһʱҲû˵ʲôҲ治֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
ıԥǧҲ̾һ㲻ǻڹ⵭ɣˣ㻹ԥԸ˵ǺͰ̸һ̸𣿡
ҡ׳սȭͷ治֪ôˡ
ǧ̾һĿٴαõĮ
׳ˣʲôĶһһͻȻ˵ҾҸȥͰ̸̸ԲĵĻҾͽ¸߸
ǧ󣬵˵ͷȴ˵
Ļ϶ֱӳְѰˡ
̸̸
Ͳڵĺ
ǧļ򣬵˵ϣܹа
׳˫ôоǧζÿ°ѧǼ飬һʱҲû˵ּۺˣŶ϶˵˼仰
С㣬Χкöбǵĵطǻڿ𣿡
ǵĵطö࣬ȫкöͺˡ
ѧ۰Ͱ͵ؿǧĿţƴƵġ
ǧˣ𴽰꣬˵ǰԱڿľͲҪȥˣ涼壬˵ĺܡ
ѧһûʲôɣǧĻŷ
ôƯ˵ʲôǶԵģ
ѧٴóСߣϵڿܿͽǧָطڿˡ
طһڳ¶˳ѧǳһõıö߽׵ħ޾ˣħ޾Ө⣬ɢζ
ѧǼˣЩˡ
ȻǸ߽׵ħ޾ˣȻôƯĺðԭǸ߽׵ħ޾˰ͦõġǧһۣͻȻ˵һ䡣
ѧŸ߽׵ħ޾ˣҲŸЦݡ
С㣬Ȼ֪Щǵ²ű
ǰǻǵĻ϶ôҵпܻᴥ塭
ûС̫ˣ
ѧǲϿţҲȫǶǧĳݡ
ǧĽǵĸֿ佱ϲûʲô
ѧֿ佱һӣŽȥ
ǽö߽ħ޾˵ݵǧУЦⰻȻС㣬ҵĸ߽ħ޾ˣɡ
ѧ룬ܾýǱ߸ΪȫԼߵĻ϶ֻᱻʲôߣʵڿµĽ



1360 ѳ

ѧǼڱԽԽˣٴߴߴ
ղǻûٱڱ͸һЩСԣ
źľǣвֱﱻͷħˣʱ򣬱Ҫٵܶ౦
ͷħʵײУ˵ѵҪȥ𣿡
ôܡʹ򲻹ĺĵȼʮϡ
ѧǴзŭҲо¡
ǧˣЩűӣԼޣʲôҲշתС
ȻЩ׼˽ˣŲɵ˵
ǹͬҵЩʱĸѧУʤͻƽ䣬Դﵽƽ
ԣ͸Ͻˡǧָ⣬˫һƬ䣬Ҳ֪˿ˣ
ͬһƬ£档
ǰܣں׷ûʲôʱҲͣ½Ųȴʼձһǰһ״̬ҲĽٱ״̬
Ϊʲôֻħһֻ׷ȴʼûбǰԵӣڶԼ
ǰˮҲȵףԼôܶ޷ֻܳħ޵ǣơ
ƣʱֻħ޾ͻὫԵɣ
Ŵ꣬ͻȻһСʯͷס˽ţһˤڵء
顱һˤ˸Ľų죬۳Ҳҷ
ֻһͷˡͣ½Ųֻܲˣ
ſڵϣδ˵
ִȴµĽŶʮ꣬ŸոտʼҪħ޸Եˣ
ץŵϵСݣźͲġ
ģķǳġΪʲôҪһЩΪǧŮܻã
ΪʲôΪʲô
ܲģôͭ˫ȴԾһĨֻ
ȻȥһۣǸ˵ģٴ䶯Ŵ꣬ǰҺܲģҵŸոտʼȴҪԵˡܷܲŹңҵٸһòã
ϰ˫ǺײſĽ
Դֻһ⣬ⲻĿζͷŹ꣬Σ
㲻ɵɴ˫
һ⣿
ôһİӰɣʱ
԰СٴΰܻܲһҪϻкö౦Ҫ;ȥˣֻ㲻Ҫҡ
Цϻвٱġ
˫ŤղһֱҪô°
δ㷴Ӧſ쳯ֱ۴ҧ¡
һֱϵһⱻҧ£ʱѪѪ˲佫涼Ⱦˡ
Ƥⱻ˲˺ʹþΡ
ôֻħ޾Ȼ˵ҧҧˡ۰ʲôշתѹһʹȥ
Եڵأ۵òȴ˿ڵĵϣһⱻݺ˺ֻʣɭȻİ׹ǣŸˡ
ꡱ
Ͼ׽Ƥ⣬Ϊ˵ζ᲻û뵽ȻôѳԣϴγԵѧҪѳԣڳϵƤһɰͰӲ
ŰԼθܿͽҧƤڵϣֱѳԹѳԵˣû뵽곤ò⾹Ȼѳԣ˲ò࣡
ҧڵϹһȦ˲մȾ˲ٻҳɿŻѪɣʮֺˡ
ʹȥĻԺһ£һĨŭɫڣòε
ҲͰˣھȻ˵ѳԣ³ˡڶ
ʵҧг
δŭϣУ϶ѣͲֵһᡣ
ã᲻ѳԵƤ⣬ԣŹˡֳһۣ뿪
~~~~~~~
Ӵ·ʱַ޴Ҳʼζ
ӰʧŻָƽ״̬
㻹ԵڵأֱһֱѪ۵޷վ
ȻƶСûܹ࣬£ˣҲ㱻ħ޳Ե
˵ǲǵøлԼѳԣ
뵽˴ɫѿ˼֣Ȼһֻħˡһֻħ޾ȻҲѳԣ
뵽ԼռЩѪȥԺ˿ӦûЩɣҲôʹɣ
ȡѪ£˲٣ֱϵȴȱһ飬ǳˡ


1361 ͷħأ

ŮӰò绨Ůӣôֱܹϳ覴ãһôµ覴á
ŷ۵֣ӵ
ʱ򡭡ĶͻȻһ㣬ԭﰡû𣿡
䣬Щ˷ܵܵߡ
һ£ŷܵߵǰƿ꣬ɤɳƣͦõġѧأ
û£˲䰲ղֻħʵ̫ˣѧеѹˣžɢˣҲѰģͷʵڵĵĺܡ
ЦһһȺһųã֪ҪѰҡ
󣬳ɵһЦ
ʵҲܵرǸҲ֮󣬲źģ¶ˣôѰ㣿
ϻǸ͵ǰܵÿɿˣֻҶĵģ
㲻ĿҲ׺Ͳ٣Ҿ֪Ƕҵõģ
ͬҲЦȴЩ㣬ȴδ
һתֱ۱ҧһ⣬ɭɭİ׹Ƕˡ찡Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һֻۣ÷ѣŻˣ̿ˮװǾŵ㣬ôֱô
ɫһ䣬ֱôѿϣ˿ˡ
ҡԼֱۣɫףǱղͷħҧġ
Ӳɵɴ˼֣ͷħ޾Ȼҧ㣿
ͷɫѿǵģֻħ޸ˣ
ͣ˲Щ£õʱֻħû׷
ôѵģСһ䡣
תܲ˵Լѳԣֻħ޾ͷ˰ɣ
һת뵽˵ǣħҪңҵȻóѣҾֻüıܣȻҧһѪ⣬Ǳܵˣʵǲס
˵ҲرĲס
ҪͳΪħ޵вˣʵǿ£
Ŵ꣬µǻң϶Ӳħ޵ħצʱҪûˣȴܰȻҲȻкøġ
˵Ҳ࣬̾һиͺˡ
οͷſİɣպ϶иġ
ɫˣļˡ
˹꣬ʵ㣬ȥʲô
۾ƺ˼ʲôһſڵȻҪȥѰˣڱûнǵıֱħѹˣٲѰҵĻǷѧԺ϶ģ
䶯Ŵ꣬ʶ˵ǣѧԺıҲħѹε˰ǺӦǰɡ
㾹ǳĬ
˵ĺЩܾЩüͷˣܾе㲻ǻǿЩҵɣܺѧԺ˻Ͼ͸ˡ
һҲͬصͷǰܻϾͺˡʱһŲͻȻ
Ͱ羪֮һ㣬һ紵ݶͻᱻŻ
ʵǸղֻħޣӰ̫޴һЩ
ŤͷԴȥͼдӲݴɴŰɫϢºͣ磬ƲĿ⡣
˾ӣԭ㰡㹴𴽰꣬ģЩ
ˣҲЩ˾ͷħ޶ȻܻȫģҲúˡ
Ҳͬע⵽ǵĴڣ˷䣬̧߹ȥ˴Ҳûбǣʲô
ͻȻ˵طģҪ뿪
һԿͷ
䴽һЦע⵽ֱϵ˿ڣһеعֱϵ˿ô£
ҪסԼ˿ڣ˿ôôܱ˾ӿ
Щ߷߲ǸղһֻޱȾ޴˵ħޣҵ˿ھŪģܵÿ죬Ȼʳˡ
һЦͻȻʵܸңͷħǺģ𣿡
㽫ͷħ޵һЦҲһͼӴ׵˵
˫µûĻͷν׺ħޣܾǴ˵еϹޣޣ
еĿģǺϹйء
ǺڰûдǰôʢˣҲ˲ϣǹҪѪҺ룬ҲҪǿħޣޡ



1362 ᱻץߵ

ϹͻȻ٣˵ǸĻᣬҲѧԺ
ŤͷЩеһ䣬֪ͷħ뿪ķ򣿡
󣬲һ£˾Ҫʲôѵ㻹ȥ׷ͷħޣ
üЦ˵һ䣬㲻˵ﶼͷħ޸ѹҴ˿ҪȫҪ𣿡
üҪȻǼõģֲ˾ӳ°
ҧŴЩǵΪ˾ӵģͷħʵĽ˾ҲѶԸİɣ˾ӵҪ׷ȥ𣬲ٿһ𣿡
ҡҡͷѾȰ˵ˣѾˣҪ׷ȥ
㲻̾һðɣߵķˡ
ųЦ⣬Цºͣ棬Ĳѡ
ˣУƿ꣬˵˾ӣҲһͬǰɡ
Щؿһۣ㵱Ҫҹȥ
㽿ߵصͷǰ˾ӲԸҹȥ𣿡
ˡҡҡͷֻǴգعˡ
һȻҡҡͷģ˾ӶᱣȫһҲ¡
пһۣиֳһĨζЦ
κſ˵ȻعңǾһͬȥɣʱҶỤȫ
һ˫նʱһ룬Ȼߣ̸¶ܲĶȻҲ̸ܲܽԼҲܲ
㿴ۣһʱ侹Щ㱣һҲڲͣš
гһЦʱ£ÿǳ
һ죬ͷʹ
ֿǸҧ꣬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
Ųȥʲôħޣʵ̫ˡҪһȥѰͷħ𣿡ֽĿ䵽˰ϡ
һЩֵؿ㼸ۣС㣬ϣһȥ𣿡
ͷֳһĨЦ⣬ȻϣܸһȥˣҰ˾ȷǰȻģټϣȥҲ鰡
̿ˮʶпȥ
в¶һĨºޱȵЦݣһ˲Ҳ˷İġ
ˣЩΪѵŴ꣬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôֱֲ˵ȥټ㶼Ѿ˵ˣֱӾܾˣ᲻Ū֮Ĺϵ
ҧ˫˲Ĭ
㿴һۣһȥ
ͷɰͰ͵˵һ䣬ȥ˾һỤסǵġ
һеЦ͸˼֣֣ϲҾ֪õģЩѧöˣ
󣬽ӲһЦ
ʵͲȥǿǸڰ˾߰ɡŤͷĿͶϡ
еͷеЦݸΪº˼֡
ܿ죬˱ȥˣһֱħ뿪ķȥʱԭ·أǧϵ
֪ǧλã˲Сּȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ϾҪִǧڵĵطˣҲΪ͵СҲûκ˵ע⡣
ûһͻصǧߣѹı˫ַϣˣҸոմѹı
ĵδκ˵ע⣬ǧһѽ𣬴Ҳ˼֣ò
䣬ǧͽѹıȫռС
Դ˹ǧֱۣһõӡ
ǧֵ˵Դϵǣʵղȥأ
Ŵ꣬˵һҲƮƮģҲûʲôǰܣں׷ʼձһЩ룬¼ˣҲҲܺζԶĸ첲ҧһڡ
ǧһüͷ塣
ȻҧһڣҪʹˣ
ֻҧһ𣿡ǧЩɵؿۡ
æͷ˫ˮģȫûһ˵ѵ˼ģֻҧһڣ֪Ǹĳû㲻ζʵ̫ˣѧҪڿϵƤһʡ
ǧһЩȵüȻôѳԣԣͷ
ͷǰôѳҲŲŰԼθӲдźˡ
ǧͻȻЩͬˡ
ȻᱻħֱɡӳҲòɡôѳԣԼŵҩɡǧͷϵǣȡŵҩݵߡ



1363 ħ

ˣãһڽҩ£ллˣˣղڻ·ϣоѰʲôоѰҵĿҡ
㣿ǧ۾һ˿
ͷǰܸоˣ˵ĵȼ㻹ߵĳˣһǿ󣬵ȼ˿ȴ治
ǧĲͣ𲻳ĵȼڰĻ᳤
ǧָ⣬һʱ˳Ĭ
Դ˹ֱۣ㲻õģ˵Լޣ϶ᱻץߵģ
2154һǧһٴָ˸Դ
ƿֵ꣬Ѿص˵ߣҲȻȥģԣ˾͸õˡ
ǧʹû˵
ʵǺܵģԼޣǳ£ӦҪץסҲ¡
£ڰڲͣ飬ħצǾʲôأ
ѵڰ᳤֪Ϲ޵ĴڣԲŻǱѧԺ
ѧԺͻȻʲôᱦ֪ںɽУ
ǧԽԽòԾǹ᳤Ҳδ֪İɣ֪ܹƥˣҲǰˣ
ԣֻɶ
˵ϹֻǴɣбĿģ
ǧץһͷǷꡣ
˷꣬ͽצӴϣʲôԶ뿪˵ģ˲Ҫң
˿̣ΪϹ޵ԾһһˡеرʵСèһ壬Ÿǳȳȵġ
ǧһԴЦҾ룬ΪҪץأ
̧°ͣһȻǿ̫ռΪС
ǧʶͷҲûַУָ⣬ҲһЩ
ʱºߵǧߣһֻԱСܿ˵ħ޻ˣһҲЩ㶵ġ
Ѿ˰ָϵС˵һ䣬Ǹ㲻˰ɡ
ôᡣǧЦְСצӣҼǸԱôὫԵأڻúúõģһܼˡ
ǻѭϢ˴ʱǾͻϣһȻܺöԸƫƫǸҲĻӮļʾ͸Сˣһʱ䶼Щˡ
ôѧԺĵ̣ǸӦòǧ˫еЩˡ
̽ռ䣬ñзֶߡ
ϣգգ۾Щԡ
ǧֵڴ䣬ǳ˵ҼСǵע⣬˷ǹġ
һȻصͷԭˣԼްѧԺʵڿɶ񣬾һЩ飡
˵ţǷ߿˫ջ۷۵ģȥ׵ģÿɰӣ
ǧһۣ΢΢һԼҸ̫ɰô죿
ʱҵĽŲ
ǧü̽䱸״̬
ͬҲˣһϢѧҲֱӣĿڲš
ô°ǲ˹ˣѧǳԴȥȫǾš
ڳһŲҪôѧԺˣҪôǷѧԺˣڣܾǷѧԺ˳ˣȻǵҲ죡
뵽ֵ˿ܻǷѧԺģѧһ궯
Ҿÿ϶ǷѧԺҪˣȻСҲô䱸
ǰСϵƶˣ϶ǲʲôԵĵط
ֻҪСڣҲ㺦£СὫжѧԺ˸ߵġ
һѧ˲䰲ǶǧΣҲʵġ
ʱݴ˵ĽŲԽԽˡ
ǧǱߵĲݴԣ˫ƴ
һݴԱǵӰʱѧǰ
㣬ѧǲһ£ǻΪѾħ޳ԵˣھȻûԵһúܺãֻɫ΢е԰׶ѡ
ѧǼˣЩˡ
Ȼ㣬ôȻûͷħ޳Ե𣿡
ӦǾһɣǿֱϵһѾûˣ¶ɭȻİ׹ǿźÿ°
ͷħôֱҧһ⣬ܵõħѳԣԣΪѷŹ˰ɣ



1364 ֻѰħ޵ģ

ǧؿѧһۣò˵ˡǵɫͻȻһڣҲѿ̫ɶˣǾȻ˵Լ
ѧһͻȻԻվŰкͰֻŮ˻öԸһЩͻȻֶ˸˾ӵġ
˵ܱʱ򣬾Ȼƽ֣ˣҲǸ
ǧĺܣӦܽ˴ܣ
뵽˴ѧҲͻȻ˵Ҳġ
ǧһֽۣĿͶ˰ϣϱģ
䣬˻һ
㳯һۣ̿ˮû뵽ڴ˴ǧǵĶûǧ¡ֻеѶȡ
˫һʱ䲢δ˵
ǧһЦλѧԺ˾Ӱɣˣаˣ
Ŀ⣬вΪЦ紺磬ǲᱦģѰһֻħ޵ġ
ղѭħ޵ϢȻϢ΢ӦֵطŶԣôһʱϢȫɢˣ㶼¡
ħޣʲôħްǧüװ֪
²пһۣǹȻΪħ޶
жǧãȻĿ⣬ɽչֻħӦҲֻѹαȻ˵ĽͶȤˡ
ǧȻصͷԭֻħްϧһֱȴδֻħ޵ӰǲҴطˣ
ѧԺѧҲ׷׸
ûǵȷûмֻħޣǼˣǻܰط𣿡
ˣһֻ˵ħޣĺܡ
󣬲˳˼
˵ЩʲôȴˣôܻûУǿѭħ޵ϢģȻ΢Ծܸܵɴ˿̣ħ޵ϢȻжˡǲǽħ޲ˣ
ͱ˵ζ
ѧǳһۣеķ̸ԡ
ԭǰ㻹ǰ׼ҵĵճӲˡ
òû뵽ĳ˴Ȼ˶ɱ
׳㲻𣿡
һӣѧǾͽĿͶ˰׳ϡ
׳ͷ˰Ĵڣţһ˫ڴżָɫ
ӴĿЩزͷ
ղɱĵʱ򣬶ַˣ۵ѳݣȴǱܺõ˹ȥħ޵ͻȻ֣ʹʧ򣬺Щ밡
˿ҲˣͲӦĻȥɱ׳ҪɱˣֻԼҲù
£׳϶͸Լֲɱ⣬᲻ᷴ׳Ū
뵽˴ŵɪɪˡ
֪ЩʲôǧȥҲһ֮ɫС㣬Ͳһ𣿡
ҡ䶯Ŵ꣬ŵò˵
ǸҪЩȥˣǶᱦҲⰡ
ǧЦһҰɱ𣿡
ɴ˫ĶǺ£ȴǵǧҪѧԺĹϵ񻯣;ɱ԰
ǧһۣˣٸһ飬ûҪħޣҲûħ޲ҽҪȡǵıҲʱġ
䣬ϵƱø
Ͱһ
еûʲôӰ죬ЦЦǲҪȡʲôΪͷħġ
ħ𣿡ǧƿ꣬ˣûʲôħޣղѧҲ˵ˣ㲻Ű
ѧٴֶֹ˵ûħޡ
ɰȴԾЦĿȴǧ¶ˣ·뿴͸ʲô
ǧ۾˼ֲͷδ˵ЩʲôͬҲǳп˺üۡ
˿̣񽻷š
Ҳ֪˶ãвŽĿƿղǵȷܵ΢Ϣɲ֪ΪΣȻûˡ
ǧüؽռˣϢȻҲûˡ
ȴǵǱ紵ɢ˰ɡͷħ׺쳣ҲͦðʡǶˡ
΢΢һ٣лġ
ǧЦһû¶
̸㾹е㲻ˬᳶе°ڣͼע˾ӣħĲڴ˴Ҫô찡
дǲڣǱ뿪ɡ



1365 

üЩģҪǵ˼ӦҲѰ˲ٱǺβȥ
ḧϵߣƿڶ࣬ǧ׻˫ϵħʦǲҪҲֲôġ
ǡ㻹Щģ򲻹Ļİɻδ˵ЩʲôѾת뿪ǰ˵һ䣬Ȼħ޲ڴ˴Ǿ뿪ˡ
뿪ͰҲ׷ȥ
Щ˵ʧǵ⴦طҲƽ˼֡
ѧǵıӰ˵ǹΪͷħޣһΪء
ҲΪҺûд
ô࣬ǶҲǵĶֵġ
ѧֹ˵ͣǧ˫һ֮Ҳ˼ֲ
ڰ᳤ҪֵĻʱ򶨻˲أҲȫ˰ɡûܴ뵽˴ǧ˫ҲЩ΢ˡ
ʱ֮ͻȻһɵӰգ֮ʣǵӰȻ˴ϣһϯںɫ縡ȫ¶һԶ볾ֻ֮һۣ㾪ΪˣƲĿ⡣
Ŀǧϵʱ˫ºͣż֮⡣
վϣĿһֱͣǧϡ
ǧ뵽ɽУȴ͵һƧ֮أһ·Ѱǻڴ˿ѰǧӰ
ˣ˿еЦҲ˼֡
ǧ֪ҲֻǾúʲôעԼ
ü̳Χȥȴʲô˶ûƼѵղһ˲ֻԼĴ
ǧüͷҲ˼ָ֮ɫ
ʱվϵķ΢΢һϮǳЦҲи֣Ľֻ΢һ£
붼˴еЦŨһ˲øÿ
վϣţҲʱעŲǧ֡
ǧ޵ĿŪˣղŲûиоڿȴ֪˭ѲɣǺڰ᳤
뵽˴ǧһ£˫ҲøΪ
ϣǺڰİɡβ֪ǧھЩʲôһǽĿջˣԭǵĺڰ᳤¿ֻԼˡ
һ㣬Ϣ뿪ط
Ŀʧǧ˿ǲ֪˭͵͵ؿ
ãô¼鲻ԣ̲סѯʡ
ǧһۣҡҡͷû£㲻õҡ
ӦһŶ
⴦طһǧٴЩѧ·һ·ϲδʲôǣǼˣҲȫһЩ壬бĵطȫˡ
ǧ۾°ͣڿֻǱﶼ˸˰ɣҪĻֻȥˡ
ѧ
ȻѾ׶
ôܾЩţ־ú˷ܣ
ѧǴƣ˫֮оһ⡣
С㣬Ҫȥᱦ𣿡
С㣬ûжٱȥĻӮļʻЩɣ
֪ΪʲôͻȻ˷
ǵǧ˫һЦȥᱦĻӮļȷʵҪһЩҪսأǾȴ
һʱ䣬Ҫᱦ͵ó磬һ磬Ͳᱦˣ
ѧ໥һۣ̿˿ڡ
С㣬ǾûȥᱦȽϺðɡ
ѧԺʵ̫ţǾܸκӮĻᣬҪǺݺݶɱҡ
ǰʤѧԺġ
ѧ˵ţоҲȼһֹâ͸ǵľģԺӡ
ǧˣǲһЦȻǶǾȥᱦˣЩѧԺҲӮ
һѧǸ˷ܼ
ºͰ׳ҲǶһۣܴӶԷпһѪĹâ
ǧǾȻʵ߰Ҳ˼֣㣬ȳɡ
䣬ǧЩȥѰҷף
ûһǧ㷢ѧԺѧǰһɢˣǾȥѰұ
ǵҲǲģȻ汻ѰһЩ
ûãҵһЩȻľˡ
ǰĻȻħ׷ܣʵˣҲ֪ˣ
ħ޸Ե˰ɡ



1366 Բ

һѧ˲ĬǻͦϲģȻħ޸Եˣǿ
ˣҲˣǺúùܺԼͳˡ
ǰֻҪǷѧԺӮʲô㲻ء
ѰıﻹͦģӦӮɣ
Щѧ˵ţϻżֵ⡣
ǧڲݴУ˵ʲôһ˫˫۾ﲻð⣬⼸ѧбǼͷ򣡣
ѧ漤˵ȴᣬ±˸ˡ
Ǹղ˵ʲôȻҵ˲ٱᣬ٣
ǰ϶ܶ౦һȡʤļʾ͸ˣ
ǻʲôȥɣ
䣬ˢˢǧȥ˸ſֿǧǶһۣһӾ͸ܳˡ
ƿҲ˼ϲãȻôҪȥɣЩѧǵ࣬ҲûҲܳȥᡣ
ѧ΢һ£ǧ˼ǣԼȥᱦ
ȥеհĿ
ǧ˵ǿˣӦþǿԵİɡңǱ߲ˣ㾹ʮô࣬ⶼģĻ¯ˡ
뵽˴ѧ˲һ˵ģƿ꣬ЦСģǶὫġ
ûôˣͳˣСǱߺúϢ
úϢȴǿɣ
ѧһظ֤ҲȫţȥرĿɰ
ǧˣ䴽Цðҵǿ
ѧһĦȭƣһӾʹӲݴзɱȥ
ѧһŤͷʱͷѧԺѧڶټڶ࣬һӾѧевʿˮȫǺµɫ
ѧ̿ˮͻȻʲô
ѧǺٺһЦ˵Ѱ˲ٱ
ѧһҲʼˣûа˭Ϲ˵ģ
ѧǴһЦøǲ⣬Լ˵İǸղŲǺܵ˵õ˲ٱˣôھͲˣ
ѧٴסһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ѧǽǣеĲԣʶľͽȫʶľͱǶˣǶ࣬ǿ϶ǵĶ֡
ѧһ˲佫ࡣ
ǰô٣϶ܳԿġǹԹԽϣǾǲĵġѧҧҧһʱ
ѧǼ˾ᣬûгˣҲǧǾܲģ
ʱǧСʯϿƻģޱȡ
ºͰ׳վԣͬһƻȴûпʼС
ʵУһȴ΢еš
ѧǺѧڶţǲϴŶԷڶһĨС磬ǴС粻ȼգ·ܽ˶ˡ
ѧǵ־̫ᶨѧ˵ӣȴûɿڵ˼ЩﶼѰģƾʲô˰
İɣǲὫｻġ
ҪҲֻܷ㵽ס
ǰΪ˶Ǿͻ𣬴ʹҲǳصģ
ѧߴߴ˵ͣ˵ģеǳһĨս⣬һЩɫ
ѧǶһۣҲͬһ
ʱҲ֪˭ȳ˳ȥⳡսʹĻ
ѧ֮ħʦͦ࣬ɫħһڻһͼû͵ϮǵٶȺħʦ죬͵ϮҲ°빦
~~~~~~
ħĽ㣬͵ײΧ
һ˲ҲԻζ
ǧһƻֽȥеڶǰһʢĴ򶷳棬Ǵѷְ֣
ǡһǧƻĹҧ£ʱĿڸڿǻӣ۾Ҳſ̾
ʱ򶷻ڼĳȡ
ǧŤͷ׳һۣ׳㲻ȥϾҪ˰ɣֻҪһⳡսܾһɡ
һ׳ΣҲ뵽ʲôһ̳սȥ
ǻϵħʦȼһףͦǿģϵСͶʱ˲ڵըһӡ
ѧˣ⾪˲ڽڰˣ޿ɱ֮Ǳѧǳʤ׷һӾͻڵء
ѧѪɫҰס
ѧǼˣ¶Ц⣬ʤˣǽѧԺ˴ˣ



1367 ׵İ׳

ǽȫǧȹϵޣһƻ߳
ѧٴ£ھȫԭء
찡ǧôҲڣ
ǱΪֻЩѧȴû뵽ǧҲڣڵĻǸûκʤ㣬׻˫ϵħʦܣǰҲͶˡ
ŮǳԲǡѧţҲһĨ֮ɫ
Щ֪ǧǿ϶ԹԽｻĻ˼սҲӮ
ǧĻѧҲһδؿ˵Щǵıｻǲٶֵġ
ѧһ̿ˮŲպսϵıȫ
ЩѰıˣǿˣ
˱ǲǿԷˣ
óıﶼܲЩħ޾ˣһЩƷ಻ĲʵڵĲʵ۸ܲ⼸ž˰ɡ
ѧԺƴְѧ⽫£ְڰʾǿ뿪ˡ
ѧһ̴ۣӵûһǾ˸ûӰٶٿǧһһ㶵ġ
˿ܵõô౦ҲǼõġ
С㣬㿴ЩǴѹγıѧǿĵؽݵǧǰ
ǧһۣЦøΪˣǴҶĲʵҲ˲ٰɣ¸µдԾܵõһƷˡ
ܵõƷѧٴЦеЩҲԡ
ʱһѧͻȻ󺰵С㣬׳ɫܲã˰ɣ
ǧѭȥְ׳ɫ죬ͷ·Ǳһһ㣬ǰҲвٺˮðһӷ·Ǵˮ̳һ
ģӦҪ˰ɣ
뵽˴ǧƿ꣬ȴ˰ޱȣǰİɣ׳Ҫˣʲôġ
һѧǿʼ궯
ȻҪˣ
Ҳԣ׳ֻһ׶ѣǲ׵ĻľҪϵˡѧ׳ĹĺǲҪף̽ΧƺҪΪ
׳ȶһʱֻһɹͻҪĴ
ǧѰһʯͷ£ﻹһƻڿУ˫ȴűΧŵİ׳ȻûʲôⷢʱŽĿ˻
Ҳ֪˶ã׳ǽˡ
Ȼ˫һĨţһеĻɢˣԼƣֻоһɱǰҪܡ
ǽ׵ĸо
оðǧƻ˶Цİ׳ļ򣬵ϲסԣȻħʦˣ
˵׵ģͻȻð׳ڵǹ׵ģ׵ġ
Ŭ̽һ£׵ġҲ˵һף
찡츳ǰ˶ٰû뵽׳츳Ȼ˺á
ǧ´Ű׳ۣ׳ǰûУҲųΪϵħʦģƾ츳ŬһӳΪħʦ
ǰӵж߰׼ҸԴֻµȼߣϸû
Ǳ֪϶İɡǧţҲ˼֡
˿̣׳ҲǧĻУþò
ħʦ
ΪԼֻħʦȴû뵽ѾΪ׵ˡָоô͸һرʵأ
׳̿ˮǧԴŻ㱣ǧħʦˣûƭ𣿡
ǧһۣЦΪҪƭ㣬ȷħʦһЩ
׳˫еãҲȥһЩܵڵı仯ȷ׵ɣҲ˵ףǰδġ
ֱǿĸоĺúã
׳սȭͷΪǿϵҲ˲٣оǰӼˣǿˡ
ȭͷһСȼţһҪøǿУ
ˣǧеЦŨ
ʱѧǻǱǧĻŪþþ޷
ʲô
׳Ȼףڶħʦˣ
찡Ҳ̫˰ɡʱ򣬶һôס˵׳ҲӵжģҲ˵Ÿոûþף츳жô°
ӵжҪţˣ
ѧſˮŰ׳Ҳ˾ͳݡ
İ׳ļЦ׳û뵽츳ȻôãоٹҪ˰



1368 Ǳºܼ

׳˵ˣһ´ֲ꣬˼˵ãһøŬУ
ѧ󣬹һЦŬĻǿ϶ᱻϳġ
ȻʣҲἵʲôģС鶼ôˣһҪŬУǵĿЩƷ
ʱɫƺ˲٣ǧ˿ɫ˵ɫѾ٣ǻҸϢĵطɣȻϺЩҡ
ѧ̵ͷСģѰ˲ٱӦӮɡ
ǧһЦøĪ⡣
϶ӮģѾѹ˲ٱʱ͵͵óһЩͳˡ
ǧţҲú˼֡
ûһǾҵһƧطĵطʺϴϢʲôġ
ǧһ۾;ʮֺʣƿ꣬Ҿ⴦طʺϴǾأ
ѧȻûκηǧԣ̸ܵһ㣬˵طʺϢǾͿ϶ʺϢ
ѧæͷЦС㣬Ҳطʺϴ񣬷ʲôǶġ
ѧһɣǧ˹꣬Цö˷ǳ
ûһǾѾˡ
һСڿյϣȥһֿɰĸоǧ˼ۣ㽫Ŀ˻
ֹһɫ˼֡
һƬ£ī軹ڰ׻½ǻ
Ѱ׻½еĳ߱ˣȴûܼǧǡ
ǲѾڰ׻½˰ɡǲڰ׻½ֻȥأ
īһ˳˼Ȼ֮׻½˵ʲôѧԺ΢һ£֪ѧԺͷѧԺѧ
ѧԺǺţƵѧԺ˼ԴȥȴǱѧԺ˷ͷ
ѧԺ¿ѧԺҲ֪ԺʹʲôֶΣǶ̤㣬ʵЩ˼ˡ
ϲѧԺΪƣҲѧԺд£ĵʦͽѧܲӦñ¿ѧԺ˷ͷ
м䣬ʲôΪ֪ܰɣ
ī۾ͻȻȥѧԺ֪Ϊʲôǿҵĸоǧ˿̾ѧԺС
ǰҲѧԺѧԺѧԺͷһҲᱻȥİɡ
īţҲ΢΢һ˿̾ҪȥѧԺˡ
ʱ򡭡ռָǰѵٴī˫һݣҲ֪ǧҪϵˡ
ī費鲻Ըȡܿǧѩʹӵһ˴ӵ£ҵʦ𣿡
дżּкͷ꣬ѾôˣȻûǧǵϢ
ķ꣬ī迪˵ûҵˣǿѾڰ׻½ˣȥĵطһ¡
ǧѩһɾȻûҵ𣿡
īеķ꣬ЦһǰδҵƺܼܼУ
ǧѩ֪Լ̫żˣ̽һЩ̫ǱһֱϹԲ̵飬ܸо·ǳļ
īһЦ
ǧѩ˫ſڵӵ£㣬жҵʦǣ
īüһܿƿøٵЩӣֻҪһϢԻ֪ǵģҲͷú鷳𣿡
ûīı飬ǧѩܴӻиܵīĲͷҲǣͷĴ϶˲ͷġ
ȷӦøīһʱ䣬ȻǻὫ˸Ƽġ
ǧѩһ˵ӵ£֪ˣ㲻ҪҵǼʦˣһҪ֪ңʱһµġ
ī˼֣ƿã֪ġ
ǧѩ˵һ䣬û
ī迴Ѿû˶ĵӣͻȻ뽫ӶǶĻһݾ߾Ͳˡ
ֻŶģռָС
һ֮ѧԺķȥ
һߡ
ǧɱһЩҰζ˿ѣ׼ЩС￾졣
ѧǴҰζֽҰζڻϷڴ֮ǰǲδǧ֣ǧϴһĴڡ
Щֱɵôϴأ
ЩСͺˣ
֮󣬱ζڿƮɢ˱ǣ˻ζ
ѧ˿Ӷڹˡ
ö⿾ζʵ̫ˣ˺ҧڣ
ûãҰζѾˡ


1369 ̫ɶ

ѧǱԼĳԵģ뵽ǧδԣ˺һȵݵǧС
С㣬ȳԸȵӰɡ
ɽҰζһܰġ
С㣬һҲġ
ѧǺЦ˵ţϲûʲôġ
ǧ𴽽ȽӹллǰʣµļԣͳԵˡ
ѧҡҡͷܼᶨ˵ЩСģǿ϶ԣСһͳԵɣ
һĵӣǧʼ磬ҲͲʲôˣֻܿ˵ɰɣһһͳԡ
˵ѧ̾Цˣ˺ĵط⣬ĵؿš
Ұɽ⣬ɫֺһȦѧǽϵĲʰɾ׼˯
ǧȫеҲ뵽УЩһֱںɽҲ֪ˣҪܿҲܳȥˡ
Уϸһë̺ë̺кůҲʣǧһӾ˯˹ȥ
˯֮ʣǧ洫һϤϤĽŲǧëһȻˡ
ʱξȻнŲѲɣʲôҪ͵Ϯǣ
ǧ·Ҫ´ʱ򣬽ŲȻֹһӰͻȻ˽Ϣ⡣
ǧһͻȻɻص˴ϣ׼˾˭Щʲô
קűһʱ侹ЩŸУ˲Ǻڰ᳤ɣ
ʱһӰѾվǧĴߣһֱǧ˯գöûнƿ·ҪԺһ㡣
ܵǿҵעӣǧֻͷƤЩˣûж׼˾ʲô
ʱ򡭡ǧһӰ£ѾˡȻѸٳֱֱ˵Ĳȥ
δ۵ͱһֻǿĴֿסǧһҪȴͻȻоⴥмΪϤٵĸо
һѸ̧˿ȥȴͻȻһ˫ĺ繵˫˫ӳԼӰӣþòŲ
ǧ˫ĸˡ
ĲˣȻǷΣʱʱ̿ķΣ
ǧֻͷ壬ƿΣôˣ
νɿ§סҲ̫ģǽ뵽ɽұŽˣʱ򱻴͵һƧطѰãҵ㡣
ԭصİǧﷺһ˿˿·˽뵽۹С
ڷλУС𣬡û뵽ķΣҳҲ͵͵Ǳ밡Ǳ˷ָ֣ϳȥˣУ㾹ȻҹϮ˭İ
δĽëһһϵķɫСһʱֻӿ̲סʿˮ˫Ҳ
κ󣬷ƿƣȻҪ㣬Ȼ̲ס
̲סʲôǧգգ۾
δǰ״ڴ˿ԵøұҲ̲סҪ㣬Ҫ㱧ڻС
ǧֻû鷺
ҷķˣǰһģ˿̵ʲô黰˵ˣһôãʵ̲ס
ô˵ҲЩ̲סǧ򴽰꣬˫š
۾̲סʲô
ǧһץס½Цʱ͸Ůåһż˵ɫ̲סҪ㰡ʦ
ҹϮҪף
䣬ǧϣ΢Ĵ꣬˫ȣû⣬ǧСǹһǵ÷ݣȨ
ûгֹͦܵġ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧŽſḧĴ꣬ʵô˰ɣʦ
Цô£롭ǧ˫İҲȣʲôڳƶЩսľġ
ǧͻȻоڵ˲٣ŤͷһַεĿúˣ·ҪԼԵһ
ֲʲô֪Ůһ۾֪ʲôˡ
Լò̫
ǧͻȻЩ£·ҪߣȥסһӾͱѹ˴ϡ
ΣҪʲôǧɴ˫õĶȴûиĵ
û˵̸¡
һʱ䣬ȴѹסˣûڶգǧ˹ȴȫ۵񱻳һ
ǸҲӰ


1370 

ǧҧҲģʲôɴʦһͷιҰޣǿɶ񰡣
ؽͷڵϣһŴ·̴Ӵˡ
룬ǧߵ⣬۵ĺܣ֪Ƕôķ
˿ʱҲвѧ߳ǧЩѧЩ飬ĸЧôӦûʲôɡңҲѹġ
뵽˴ǧúܣû˵ĸоˡ
ʱѧŤͷˢˢǧ
ǧһЩ㣬Ҳǲʲôɡ
ʶŴǣŤͷܡ
ǧվʱѧǿ˿ڡ
ðᱦվҪˣоʱúÿ찡
ܺСĺÿģСҲѧϰİ
С㣬صѧԺԺҲ죡
ѧǲ˵뷨ֳ¶һĨЦݡ
ǧֻЩ㱣Щ˼飬գ˫ʵ˵ľЩ𣿡
ѧǵͷǰСΪҪ˵Щʲôأ
ѧڴǧ򴽽ǣСһ䣬ˣʲô𣿡
ѧҲ͸żãȻ
ʲô
ʲôû
ѵʲô͵Ϯ
ѧ˫Щ˵С㣬ǲδʲôѲɣʲôǰ͵Ϯ𣿡
ʲô͵Ϯ˯϶ᱻһġ
뵽˴ѧǴֵĸӲˡ
ǧô䣬һ£һʣǾȻһԲôණ
ǵı鶨Ȼûʲôǵı鲻ôãȻһʲô֪ӡ
ǧ˲䰲͵δ˹͵ϮмֻħɾˣſһۣЩħҲûκθµ˼ܿ㲻Ӱ
ѧգգ۾ô򵥰
ǻΪǷʲô顭ѧ˲䰲˼֣ҲȾЦ
ǧٴ˿ʲôħްȫߵģȷ˴ˣǸ˲Ǳˣ˳̵Ĵʦ
Ǳ֪ʦҹϮë϶۾ģ
ʱѧǳ緹Ժ󣬱һͻȻ֡
ѧԺ׼ĴֻҪ̤У뿪طصʼĵط
ǰĴǧЦ˵һ䣬ˣǿȥɡ
䣬ѧǻŽ뵽˴Уһ˲ֻһתʱ򣬾Ȼ뿪˺ɽ
ǻصĵطɽڵλá
ƬյϣѧԺԺڣڸ̨֮ϣȴǵĵЩǾӢͨѧվڸ̨֮£һֱڴš
ЩӢȫˣϹЦݺڴ
ѧԺѧȻϣԼѧԺܹӮӮ˱ܸԼѧԺ⣬Ǽõģ
ζᱦԲҲвپӢ̭ˣ̭ľӢѧȱͳһվڲԶͷʹһήҲӡ
ǧڵλÿһۣ⿴˶ųΡ
ⲻѧԺ˫ϵħʦôҲ̭ˣ
ǧֿ˼ۣŽĿ˻ȥֻǵж㣬лɳ˰ɡ
뵽˴ǧ̾һȴûκ
ʱҲӴгˣһĻакܣǸӣޱ顣
ƺϲͰ˵һ˵Щʲô
ǧˣü㲻ǶܸȤھȻ԰ˣ
֪еʵݺ᲻Ầµɫ԰ףǼأ
˼ʱǧܵһǿҵעӣ̧һһӱͷεĿˣ˫ƽڣȴһܣ˿ĶЩˡ
ǧ뵽һУ̫ˡε˼ۣɷȴûвһ㣬ɿü䡣
ǧŻˣ̽Ŀջء
ɿδĿƿ
ʱڸ̨ϵȾͻȻ˵ˣαԲǿЩѰıóһ£źѡյʤߡ
һѧ˲伤ǿٽռָĶȡһӣޱȵıѵڵϣҲɢ˵Ĺ



1371 Ҫ

ȾһۣǷѧԺǲƴְ
ѧԺԺЦȻѰȻҪóõĸѧǣܵѧǵĻİȻ̫ƽֻѧҲϲġ
ȾЦЦûʲôµ˵õЩ
Ժƿ꣬һֵۣ֪ѧԺ׼ʲôöǱѧԺĻֻǵλͲ˰ɣ
ȾЦһҲͬ˵İɣѧԺóǸõĶԣ㲻ĵġ
𣿡ԺЦȫÿǵĸо
Ⱦü㲻˵
ʱ˵ĿⶼѧѰЩˣЩﶼǼƷĳȣرҪΪС
ȾֶԺĿ⣬ʵѧԺԺ˵ȸѧԺıѧأ
ԺüһŵѧԺĺˣҶѧԺѧţ
Ŷ𣿡ȾһۣЦЦ˵һ䡣
ǷѧԺȷʿɺǧֻǸͲġȾֳ°ͣǧҲǼΪŵģѧԺŹʣѧԺֻ»úܲҡ
Ժ֪Щʲôֻ۾ȻˡѧԺЩѧȻܹȡʤ
ȾЦѧԺҲȫѧҾðɣѧԺĻȡʤ
ԣԺüͷҲһ
ѧԺѧԺǧȻѧԺܺ˾ӣǽ˫ϵħʦʵҲ൱ģǧҲ޷ֵ˫ϵħʦɡ
Ǹжųεľ˫ϵħʦʹδ
ľǺħûʲôɱġʱѾѧʼ㱦ˣǷѧԺǱߵıǱߵıܣҪѰһЩ
ɵ׻Ǳȥ˺ö࣬ѰıҲǺܶ࣬ԼҲʮɣǱ̭ѧھʣʮˡ
ѧԺѰʮʣʮˣ
ԱĻһ䣬㿪ʼѧԺˡ
ѧǶЩţѧԺȻʮȥöడѧԺжٱﰡ
Ǹղû㣬ںûеô죿
һʱ䣬ѧǱøֻҲЩҡҡ׹ЩƮˡ
ǧǵıЩźͼ꣬۾ǳ˵õģѰıҲ࣬ǸղһӾѰ˺ܸܶ࣬ϳǵġ
ǧ˵ѧ˲䰲˼֡
ǳǳģ˰ĵħѧǸܵԺ󣬻Ĳֻˣһƽġ
С˵ĲѰıܶ࣬ܽǳġ
ǰǲõˣС˵Ŀ϶ǶԵġ
ǣʣµֻʮ˰
ȸڵķѧԺˣʲôǱһ㣬߱ļֵûгǵģֻ»䡭ѧ󣬲̿ˮⳡԲҲÿһ΢һ㶼䣬Ѿˣڱϡǲ룬ҲȻһ¡
ǧ۾ȻһأѰıﶼܲлһЩ߽׵ħ޾ˣһЩ۸񰺹Ĳʵ
ڷѧԺġм㲻¯һЩȽҩݣƷҲһѣִֿȥǺܲģӲҪǱȵĻǲһصġ
ǧüͷҲ˲˵ס
Ҫ΢ЩѶȵģռﻹвٱﰡʱóӮ飿
ǧ˫ֻأڳһʵģ
ʱԱѾϣٴڼ䣬ǧĶıȥôԺǱﾹʮô࣡
ÿѵõƷֱֱЩԱһһ㶵ġ
ѧԺжʮʮˡԱԺ󣬱װƽ˵һ䡣
һѧԺѧǳڷѧԺѧޱȡ
ȫǻжʮô࡭ΪʮѾܶˣƫƫ˻Ҫ࣬ȻˣǱడҿԱ˼ǵıرãر֡
ԣǷѧԺҪ
ѧŴ꣬Щĵس㿴ȥһۣ㣬ǲʮǾȻжʮҪ𣿡
ѧǵҲĿͶ˹ȥ
ֻѧԺǱ߶˱ÿȥôȫѹߵı



1372 Ƿİ~

ǣñǶͷħ޸ѹˣΪ߻ô౦ÿ£˴Ѳѡ
ҧеɫİЩζ
ȴ˵ЩʲôЩȷǷѧԺ׼ģ滹һѧԺϢûЩϢֱ˵ЩԼӵģ£ϢУۺ˵
ҧ˶챻ˡ
ѧԺôô౦ﰡ
벻ͨ벻ͨȴûôüЩ㣬ôô౦ЩﲻԼȥİɣ㲻װ
ŤͷЩ˵϶ǷѧԺϢҲ˵ЩѧԺ׼ıҪ˵ˣȥ˵ʱ϶ᱻǼ
Żˡ
Щ㶵ؿ㣬һʱͲ֪˵Щʲô
ҾǾǺ֡ҧ˫С˵ţǵıͷħȥ˺ܶ࣬ΪʲôѧԺҵô࣬ù𣿡
㳯һۣȴû˵
⣬ΪûҲô벻ͨ渲ǵϢȴǣѧԺ˸ûף
ã̾һЩƣ۵е֣Ҳųбҵ˺ܶ౦
ҧΪĵǣҪӮ˰
ü۵ʹû˵
վһ࣬ɫ΢䣬ΪĲġ
ʱԱѾʼű࣬ΪıһԲһıںһԣܿ죬Ǿ˷ѧԺǱߵı
ʮʣµİ˼΢һЩġ
һͰɫЩѿֻġٰ
ǸղſѧԺǱߣȻʮıЩ΢һ㣬ɱǵĺöˣ
ˣҪˡʱԱٴѧԺǱߣʼ㣬˼¶˸⾪ȵı顣
찡
ߵıﶼúãôô£»ӨŹ⡣
ԱſˮеĹâҲ˼֣
Ѱı࣬ġԱ˵ţֻһ㱣ѧԺʮ˼ı΢һ㣬ɱȷѧԺĺá
һѧԺѧ˲ը˹
ǻΪԼǻˣϸϸƷζԺ󣬲֪ûлеģѧԺѰ˺ö౦ЩﶼãǷѧԺĺöˡ
뷨һѧԺѧըˣÿǳһֲԸϵľȸС
Щ޲ö󶴳
㣬ôôﰡ
ǿ϶䶨ˣòİ
㣬㲻취ٲ취ĻҪ군ˡ
һʱ䣬ѧੲݣҲżּС
ɫüΪѿѾȴЩˣ£ֱϰµģֱ˼֡
˫Դͷѳɶ֣ھٻҲ޼£ǻġ
˵̾ϢһС
ѧԺѧˣ˳ĬɫҲ쳣ѿȴ˵ʲô޼ˡ
ʱԱٴοڣǵжϣ˴αӦѧԺʤѧȻ󣬵ѰҵıﶼΪ󣬿ˣҲܿǵʵ
һѧԺѧйƤҲQˡ
ͰһۣҲйˡ
ԭڸ̨ϵԺһ㶣ǽӵɴôҲû뵽ԼѧԺܡ
ѧԺʿô࣬ôأ
ʵˣԱҲǷѧԺɳģġԺҧһҲ·˼ʮ꣬ϵͲڣϵһĨȻͲʡ
ˣ˵ѧԺ˸
Ժ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ȾһۣдЦѧԺԺѧԺӮˡ
ЦȻͬҲǷ⡣
Ժˣ޲ý˺ˣɰκǿ˿ڣϲ㰡
ȾЦűȭлл
Ժýͷƿû˿Цԣŵ棬뵽ʲôһЦŵҲ֪׼ʲôǾӮҲᶪӵġ
ȾȫûЩЦضԺ
ԺͷƤ飬ôʲô
Ⱦƿ꣬Ц˵ûʲôǾĵǶģǵѧԺѧԺôȻҲŲٱ;ܷĺˣǾóõıġ



1373 

Ժ٩δͷˡ
һšЦ
ȾûֱӽĿջء
ʱѧԺѧϲõУһرһʤĹʵ
ǧվһ࣬˸ˣҲ˵ĺܡ
ѧǸһӣͻȻıˡ
Ҳ֪ıᷢʲôмеĶɣ
ѧŴǣһ°Ȼڴ
ȾԺıﵽʲô
Ǻڴܲܿó
ԺЩóȻҪˡ
ѧǵľèצһģȴҲһйڣһʱǵ˫նǺ˼֡
žžž
漤Ⱦģܿվһѧͽһ̶ϱһ첼첼Ķֹ˵񾭡
ѧΣĺ˼֡
ģʲôöأ
ȾЦŽ첼ƿһɲǣ񼶵ӳУԱ߻һЩƷµʱЩɢ˵ĹΣԣƲĿ⡣
һʱ䣬𣬾þòɢ
ѧǵɴ˫ϵţǵ˫ȷǳͬƷĲǻ
죡
û뵽յĽƷȻǼƷ
ЩмеĶҾԶҲܿЩľȻʦ֮֡
Ƶİɣ
ѧҲֻ룬ôأѧԺأ
Щĺúã˿һ۾ȴЩͼƷͳĽƷϣܹϲȾЦָЩƵģͳҲûʲôġ
Ⱦںѧٴεһ
Ҳû뵽һ쾹ȻܵõôλҪ
ѧǿе鶼Щˡ
վһԵǧȴûʲô飬ǶˣҪһһѾͳˡ
Ⱦˣѧãֻѣԣҵ÷ָʵǿˣǱǧͰ׳ɡڼƷʣµ˶ܵõ
ȾǸ˾һ۾Ϳ׳ʵ˲٣ˣܲ
ǧͺĻܶ˶ŷڶųΡȾŤͷųοһۣŨŨʧһͱ̭ˣеȫһ
ǸܵȾĿ⣬ųνͷ£ȫǲʺͼʡ
ǴһЩŻᱻ̭Ǹ׳ԼǸϵħʦѡ
ľ˫ϵħʦа׳ˡ
䣬ǲ᲻ɣȾ˷ӣЦһ䡣
ѧҡҡͷûʲôûǶܵõƷİǧõŷģ׳Ѿˣ϶Ҳİ
᲻ᣬȾԺķܺġ
ѽܺûʲô
ѧ˵ȾеЦŨǾ͹ɡ
ѧǻһǰȥ
ѧԺѧֻվԭأɰͰͿţôû뵽ȾŪһ
Ʒ񼶵меģȾŪ˵ѧԺĲǶġ
һεҫҫǱȷѧԺǿóѧԺûеĺö
һʱ֮䣬ҧгݣȻţɸĻǼʡ
ԺǵĽƷΰȾЦŲеĺܡ
Ժҧһû뵽ˣȻó浱ЩǴײ
ͦõģҵ󡭡Ժ˵ţĿͶųϣλа׳ģʵҲװɣɶųأȴľ˫ϵħʦ
ȾüĿ
Ժûܣȥ˵Ҿðɣ㻹ǽųαȽϺã˵׳ģҲ˱˰ɣųβѧԺľӢ
Щ䡣
Ⱦû˵ɶųȴЩ̲סŤͷԺ˼ۣͻȻһĨίϧ֮С
ųΣΣȾųεĿٴü
ųģʣɣȴɱ˫ƿ꣬ûľ˫ϵħʦȻȰ׳ȾԺΪҪңʾ
ǧЩؿŶųһۣС汻ˣ
Ⱦе˵˼üԴ̾Ϣ㻹ûҵ˼ھ͸㣬ΪҪѡ񣡰׳һħʦȴˣ˵ףҲŸոӵжǰĶʮһͨˡ



1374 Ȼ

ԣ˵Ķˡ
ף츳Ǹж찡ֻǰΪ׳Ǹõ˵ճҲ£ȴ֪츳ѵš
ַת˴ֲԭŵĶųҲˡɻδȶųηӦһ㣬Ϊľ˫ϵħʦȴڵһͱ̭ˣ˵㻹ʲôʸõ
ʵųζͬһ㽫ݺըʵܲסˣԴģʹ಻
Ⱦüͷȴ˵
Ҳ֪˶ãųβŤͷ뿪ӰЩǱ
Ⱦ뿪ıӰüͷ
ȾԺ˵Ļʵ̫ˣһܹ֮ܰԺһԣ˵ŷ
Ⱦһû䣬Ľ𣿡
Ժɫһ䣬Ҳ˵ʲôձĻҲ뿪ˡȾԺ㣬ǻȥοѧǰɣǺģѧˡ
䣬վ
Ⱦ̧Щ£Ͳˡ
ԺһЦѧת뿪
뿪ǰһֱڶЩ˫İһĨĹΣ뿪ʱź֪ػع񣬺ܿҲ͸һͬ뿪ˡ
ǧһֱڹ۲Űеľٶֻһֱڶơ
ȷǺöһֱΪʲôأ
Ǻڰ϶вٺö϶ҲеİɡȴһֱڿΪʲô
ͻȻ֮䣬ǧ뵽ʲôǰЩӣǺڰҪץҵ˰ɣǿʲô˰ɣ
ж
ǧ˫֮лһ
ǧһȴͻȻ̾һ
ЩֻĲ²ѣȫòһ֤ʵϹҲ޲
̾һһǱȥ
ԡ£ɫޣԵΨˣ˫
ǧһֻۣû㱣Ҳܿ콫Դķ¸ȴˣյζߣѹޣ
˵ʲôԺ󣬷ιЦһſҲøÿ˵ʲôΪף
ǧҧȻװɵ
㾹Ȼװɵĺ£㲻֪üϴżŭɫ
ּͷ࣬еЦþòȴȻ֪ȥ޹ĺܣ˵ЩΪǲ֪
ôôᰡǧôؿڣ˰ȻװɵͻȻһ٣ô죿
̾һǰ״Ǹ欣Ǵ㿪һЩɣҵ治֪˵ʲô
Ŀڻ۵ģҪŪȥˡ
£ôúŪģ
ǧüһЦɰɣǲϾͲϣҸû˵ĵطܻ㿪ڵġ
ƿ꣬˵һǧҪɵĻҺ¡
ǧ΢΢һ飬鸴ޱȡ
ϤϵζҪǲǱˡ
Һ¡˵óֱ޳
޳ܵĴʦһ£ǧҧгݵ˵
üɫ糣ڴš
ѧҲȺӵĻȥˡ
סԺ䣬ǧһѿסε󣬽뷿У顱һŸˡ
һһˮķϲֺҹһһ㶵ġ
ҹ壬˵Ҫʲô۸𣿡ϲҧָ⣬һãȻͺ档
۸
ҹޱ˫ͻȻһ飬Ҳܿ뵽һЩۻĻ棬ˣŬ֯ôʻ˺Ҫãǲ۸ġ
Ӧòɡ
УˣȥǼ֮ûˡ۸𣿡ϲֻãȻЩţ׸ղſȥڵİ
ҹ̿ˮѵ˵£һȨġ
ϲգգ۾ƶǶصͷµӡ
κǧڶš
ǧŷοһĨЦΰ̫ˣ龹Ȼҳϣ
ο¶һĨãȻ֪ӣʲô
ǧҧһҪô¶ǵ˵
ʵ̫ɶˣǰǸķΣˡ
ڵǸޣǸΪӵޣ
ǧģһӾͽƵڴϣݺݵҲ浱Ǻ۸ôңھϣˣҲǰǸķˣ



1375 ʲôĿģ

Ƶһʱɫͷͷϣ̺һ㣬ÿǳ
ǧһףɲǣڱӣҲȻӱˣζû䡣
Цӣôϲ𣿡
ǧü
ȨܿĻԼ
ĦһʱϸĴָӣҲĵ۾
ǧϸָһ˵ˣûҵҵʱҺͺڰ᳤ˡ
һζһ٣ƽҲкһĨɫ񣬡ж𣿡
˫ǧһ٣ſ˵ûΪңҲûҪץߵ˼ҿԿ϶Ŀ겻ңԵʲôϴڰ׻½еҩʦǵĿܻҵˡ
ҵˣϸϸƷζ⼸ۣκٴƿ꣬Ҳҵˡ
ǧЦŰڰ֣ǲ֪ҲҪץĿ϶ǻˡ
ͷȴǲ
ԣͻȻѧԺǵõʲô˵Ϣ𣿡ǧЩԡ
ˣӦûѧԺǷѧԺ
ǧЩĪǣѧԺʲôΪ֪飬滹ˣ
ҡҡͷһʱЩǲ֪ˣѧԺԺȾЩĪĵ⣬룬Ⱦ֪Щʲô
ǧ̯̯֣Ը˵
ͷοպܻ˵ġ
ðɡǧ̾һ
ѧԺԺס
ִѧԺԺԺػص˷䣬ʵòУһѽϵĶڵϡ
顱
ֹصĻƿȫӦأ֧顣
ԺȴܲˣܿĶһֱҡ
顱㣬ԴԴϡ
ʱһ𣬲죬ҲԺĸΪ˼֡
˭ҹԺغһ
֨߹һűƿӭһŰµӡ
Ӱѩ˳ȾһһһһЦ֮Уֻϴһߣ˿˿̵ıģ
Ժ̧һ¾ͺĿˣ˾ӣô㣿
ЦҲģԺġ
ңԺ۾ƺ仰ĲʲôЦ𣿡
ɫ䣬һӾͿصƬԺ鲻ѵʱİɣĿջأƽԾ󣬡Ժˣֻǵ㣬ʲôЦ
Ժһۣ鵹Ǻ˲١
иϵһЩƬ𣬵ЩĴԺΪҪǶڵϣ
ԺЩƬ۾ĴҲûҪһΣѧԺ˼ֱ̫
ƿ꣬һΣƾʵȡʤġ
Ժһɫûް˵ǷѧԺûʵ
ЦδԺɫı仯ҲûѧԺʵЩпѣǣԺҲı䲻ʲôɣ
ԣԺȻҲżŭɫ⻰ʲô˼ңѧԺ磿
󣬲δЦţ󣬻żֲζ
ԺĿһʶһ˫˸ͣ
жڵԺ벻뱨ѧԺ
˵ʲôԺһЩؿۡ
ˣȻб뷨
нֵ°ͣЦԺʧȥӣûҪһس𣿡
Ȼ㲻˵ƾʵʤ𣿡Ժüһʱ侹Щˡ
ƾʵΣǿ͵͵ıЦˣ֮дŹƻζԺ϶ģ԰ɣ
Ժüȴû˵
жֵԺҪĻҿ԰㣬Ͼҵʵ³ɡ
˻һԺͷɶ˫ǻζͣ棬ң
ˣȻ£ֱ˼顭˵һֻҪҺѧԺۣۡɤƻ󣬿ϸϸƷζȴǴһЩζ
ɫһԺ˲仺ҲԵ޹ʰңʲôĿģ
йһЦЦд񣬾ûзŵ󣬷ͦµġ
Ժٴסüͷϸ΢һ壬ܾôĪ⣬ûбô򵥡



1376 

κ󣬰вſ˿ڣղŵ󣬷һЩƣ֪顣
ҵ飿ԺסЩԡ
п˫ӥ·ܽһжҿͳЩЩ˵Ϣ˲ǽϲô࣬ԣ˰ɣЩƵģ
Ժ󣬻һȫ𾪡
нĿ⾡۵ףٴЦҵĲ²ǶԵģȻˣ
㵽ʲôˣԺŭһڶŤȴŽźͺ¡
Ѿ㹻ԼˣȾҲ֪ˣȴ׿ʲôˣ
Լв
һʱ䣬Ժ˺ܶ࣬ԽԽ£ŰеĿҲ˿־͸ӡ
㲻ú£ǲẦġٴЦ𣬺ֱֻ㣬ҲЩѡ
Ժ򴽣û˵
̾һֵֻҵ˶ѣΪЩҪǰæ
æ
û뵽ô˵Ժһ㶣ţȴЩˣ֪ΪʲôܾôΣգ˿϶Ҳûʲô¶
ǣҪʲôԺüн
е͵һЦȴǴʣ룬ڴ˴ԼȻǲ˷ݰɣѧԺǱҲóմȾϢƣҲˣǡ
һתֵȾĹϵãҲ룬˵ĹϵҲãֻǱҸϳİɡ
ԣԺͻȻɫҲҰײҰ׵ġ
Щ£δ˵֪ģ
ˣΣգÿ¡ܽǱԸĶȫ˳ʹ˿־塣
ֲ¶ˡпٴЦȴޱȡ
Ժҧ˫ֱУ㵽Ҫΰ
˵˰ҪҵˣҪõˣҪһһõƿ꣬ЩҪƳ
Ժ˳Ĭ
վһԣ㹻˼ʱ䡣
ΣԺɫƣܸңʵ𣿡
ڣûҪ˼ǣڰ᳤
ʲôԺ֣漴һĨ־ӿͷ
ˣȻǺڰ᳤ôܣ
Ժ´ۣȴҲмֺ˵˵ȷʲôö˵Ǻڰ᳤ҲôԽܡ
㵱Ǻڰ᳤ԺСһ䡣
еͷڴ˿ȴľ
˵ұѧԺҰҵˣͿ𣿡Ժ򴽽ǣЩġ
ֻ˵ĻǿԴӦġ
ڰᣬĲУȻԹˣ߹
ǵģֻҪˣǸõˡжϿң˵ѵļ󣬡ңѧԺʱѧԺΪõѧԺ𣿡
Ժָ⣬ͻȻһĶ
ܽѧԺ壬϶Ǽõģ
ŬôöУԸæȻûоܾĵ
ɣҴӦ㡣ԺƬ̣˿ڣӵĵطңΧ󷨣øһЩʱ䡣
ӵĵطܻı䣬ʱֻҪȾͳɣҲǵס
ãҸʱ䡣Цһ
ܿ𣿡ԺͻȻڣţҲûб˼ֻҪҺĺڰ᳤ʲôģ˼ٰƭҵأ
ЦЦȫȻû˼ȷǺ¡
䣬󷽵ؽ߽ҿһ˲һӢޱȵӳԺС
úᣬĺڵ˫ЦʱºˮȴƽһĨ簵صľս
µǣȻ˾
ˣܵϺڰ᳤ҲΪ档
û뵽λ˵ŷɥĻ᳤ᰡβ˾ԼЦʣôʲô𣿡
ԺҡҡͷЩ㱵ֻû뵽ڰ᳤ˣеĸͲһ
˾ЦЦ
ܸң𣿡Ժһֹۣסĺ档
˾Цÿ
Ժ֣һʱ侹
ȻѾҵӣܲҿӣ˾ĺܺǺɫ»һա



1377 СӰ

Ժһ㶣ЩԸժ£һ뵽Ǻϵǲ¶ĿĻֻ»λ᳤
ֻ΢һ£ͽ⿪һ˲һŻӢձ¶ڿСҲǶʮ˾£ȴ͸Ųɣ𺣬µǣ۵ºһ˰̡
˰򼣬һЩƵĺۼ
˾̲ס˰̿˼ۡ
Ժ˰סƺԸ˶࿴
˾ĿջأȻһЦ˰йµģǺйء
𣿡Ժʡ
˾ͷ֮䴽ЦԺеĻҪᡣ
Ժû˵ֿ񣬽Լſµס
˰ĳ裬Ըⱻ˿ԼҲٿһۡ˾䣬ѩ׵׷ɣƿֵҵĺϢڴ֮ǰѧԺУ˵ϢҲܵһʱҡ
ԺͷûвԸ˼
˾ˣЦת뿪ˡ
һߣԺһ̱ڵأ˷·𱻳һ㣬ſĽ
ѧԺ
ǧڷλУ֮
ȫ֪һƬ£Ժ˾ѾЭ飬˫ҪǱΪˡ
ߵߵߵ
ǧ̴ӷλ͵ɡ
ű򿪣ϲֱı˽ףոȾңȥ̸顣
ǧһͻȻЩգգ۾ȾͻȻǣʲô
ϲҡҡͷãȻҲ֪ȾȥӴ
ǧͷζһۣбҪȥ
ֶŷϲ˵ȥȾǱ߿ҹȴڼɺã
ϲظСһ˵ţһԹԵǻģǾͷĴ󵨵ȥɡ
㶮¹ɣǧ䴽ůůġ
ΣתߣܿȾС
˿̣Ⱦںˮǹ˫һҲȻЦ⣬ǹ˰ᱦСֶŮ㣡
ǧҲûҾӹ˰ǫҲǶңѧԺѧҲ˲վѧǹ
Ⱦһ㶣Ц⻰˵ǰ׳ȫҵԤϣȻףĽ
ҵʱҲһǧһڲˮ΢΢̾š
Ⱦͬпһ䣬ܿ⣬գҪһˣҪһͬȥ𣿡
ðǧͷȻһֱ棬ļңؼҿҲûʲôġ
Ⱦƿ꣬ãǡ
ɣǧͷα뿪
ڶա
Ǽ˺·ˡ
вֹǧͷΣ£ϲ֣ҹȥˣһӴŶӣߵıȽ磬δ˵ע⡣
ǣǲ֪˿̣иССĺӰԶҽţɻǽǵжһ
ҲΪŲԲδ˷ĴڣҲܻԼϢ˸޴ӷ׻½⣬Ⱦ䣬ǰ󷨺ܿ챻ƽ⣬ԴطӳС
ǧȻʶٴμɱ޵ˡ
գգ۾ֻûˬޱȣȾ壬طĺܺãرʺӡ
ȾһЦ˵ˣȽȥɡ
áǧӦŷǽ뵽档
ǽԺ󣬸ǵСӰһЦҲ¶һĨ⣬˲֪˲СӰŹת뿪
ʱǧתͷҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻоЩͷ·ʲô˶סһ
رôˣβĲԾ
ǧץƣЩ㱵˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻֲĸоͺʲôҪһ
γһﻹͬǰһǸƽֵԴƽĵطػһǲᷢġ
ƿ꣬ǧͷ˼룬طƽݣӦòʲô鷢
˰ĵħǧһ氲٣ﴽЦҲԣطôΣͷ󷨻£̫ˡ
ͷһ˫۾ˮɷǺÿ
ǧ˼ֻۣ鶼Щˡ
ƿĿ⣬Ⱦǳǵסȥ
طһƽݣͨĵķһķܣԶԶȥһǰرĿɰ
ɽˮڿɽͷĵطһˮ


1378 ˽

ˮתţˮ룬ֱתγˮӣÿˡ
ǧ˼ۣϲطˡ
ǵסǧסһϴβûϸδ
һΣÿطһףһô󣬻ʱʱôûġڶ
Ƕ
Ƕ棬ǽȥȾָЦȻ
ǧοһۣŵͷ
ҹϲֱڻҲһĺ棬ûء
뵽棬ʱĸһ볯ǧǻϵħʦûʲôӰ졣
Ⱦ³ûʲôӰˡ
ڷΣɫҲûʲôоҹͷϲֱȵùǺҹǻϵħʦܲס£ϲֻǸĺӡ
ףȣȥ档ϲգˮ۾Щ˼˵
ΪӺȻȣ
ЦԴҹʹȥɡ
ҹظ˿ŷϲתߡ
뿪ǧŽĿͶϡ
ǻǲͣ¶Ⱦǵ峤ǻ˰ѧԺɻã
Ȼڴˣ£ǻǽѧԺͨѧԺǸ֪飬ʲô
Ⱦ˷䣬ɫɢ·ȾŵҲɢϴˣֻǶķѧԺЩ֡
üһ̧ѧԺ𣿾峤Ҳûа취
Ҳ˵ûа취ֻǣѧԺԺ̫޳ܡȾ۾˵λԺʱеЦҲ˼֡
󣬾䴽Ц峤ᣬҲס
ȾһЦȴ
ҾãλԺ˵ĸоǳһֱĬºڣ˵ʱСһ𣬾˭۸һ
ģǧ˼
ƺӼԺĵһ濪ʼ¾ͺܿܣҲܿ־壬ͷ·Ժʲôʮһ֡
£ΪʲôĸоЩԵؿһۡ
µ˲ŵĿ־ҲԽԽŨҾãԺ˵ĸоÿ¡
䣬½קȾ䣬Ҳڲͣţֿ־·Ѿ˹Ҳɢˡ
ǧˣһ
ղŻͦãôھͳˣͺ뵽ʲôֲĶһ
ǧ۾ȴʼ벻һȻ
ĻԺɫҲһ飬ȴܿѾϳңô궼֣˰ɣ㶨ȻǱеĿ־֧ţԲŻָܣҪ֪𣿡
ǣоܲ½°ڣɫҰס
һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
Ⱦµֱʾ£µģҲˣ˺㣡
䣬Ⱦŵŭ𣬷
ǧһۣǿеġǺˡ
ȴڲˣͷ·һܻ䣬һɣһ̸ɫͻ䣬ҲͲ̸ˣɾǧԽĺ棬Сèצһò
棿θǳһ䡣
ǧæͷǰģ֪ǿ˵˭
üһתٴο˵ɿǱտڲģҪ֪˭ֻЩѶȡ
ǰǧһ̾ҲеССĲġ
ЩɵģκСĦһ£֪ǿǱĲ󣬿˵ף֪һ
ǧ˫ǴʦȻķӣҹǾȥ󣡡
ҵһӣǱ˽ңӦòְɣ
֪뷨ٴγֹ֣ᣬ֣Ҫ˽أ
ǧ𴽰꣬дǳЦ⣬ΣҶĻ׳ɣ
΢㶣ȴûз
ǧᳶһ°ڣС̸ȥ飬Խ˵Խ˷ܣ۾ð⣬ŷĿɰ
νֵڴ䣬ʾСһ㣬Ҫ͵͵ȥĪҪñˡ
ǧһĵ˵ͷ֪ˣСġ
δڵȾһЦ⣬Цлų繣˿һ۷·Ҫȥһ㡣
ǧһֻۣÿҪȥһʦڿɲˣԽԽˡ



1379 ͷȥ

ǳЦȴһֱͣϡ
ǱߣȾںͳ̸飬Ǹνġ·Ҳֻ꼻һЩҲˣ̸һӣǽˡ
Ⱦ˷䣬Ц˵ѵûһˣǾסٻѧԺɡ
ǧ˫һд⣬ȥĻôǱأ
ðǾסһߣѧԺȶˣһȥҲûʲôġǧЦ۾۾ȴۣˡ
ʱǻ֪ѧԺֳˡѧԺͬһ֣ɽ֣˼궯
ųʰԼȫĶڶһĨ
ʰ궫Ժ󣬶ųαϰ뿪ɵû߼м
ųδ磬׼ѧȥѧԺ𣿡
ųδ粻Ҫ߰ѧԺãÿ»õƷȥѧԺܵõʲôټѧԺܣ˾ӶһһȥҲֲôɣ
ǣѧԺ𣿡
ѧǵûöųδ뿪ͷŤͷһ˵طҴȥˣܺ˾ΣĻҲõöεıһǸ׳Ȼܵõƾʲô
ųԽԽ벻ͨŤ˺¡
ԭǸഺ꣬ȴʽȾģª
ѧǼˣͻȻЩëëģҲʶ˼֡
ǣ׳ͦİֵܼ󣬻ס
ĺҴδˣ
Ƕųδ磬Ҳûйɡ
Ƕ԰׳޲ѣųεɫֱ˼֣ˣǸ׳޲
»ʲô˼
ѧԺԺ˵öԣȾΪѾˣȴҲôѧǰӡ
ⲻһССʧѣȾǲᣬƫҪһŸոѧᶷİ׳졣
ʵֲף׳ʲôõģֻ׶ѣҲ׷ĵȼбҪ㿴
ųѱʺħƣҲָˡ
Σǲףжų䶯Ŵ꣬ȫû׳С
ѧҲû뵽ųλŴ꣬һʱҲ˵Щʲô
κȾȻѧԺУڵĻöųλתİɡǱָһת⡣ųһͻȻ˵һ䣬ȾԺˣҲǻ뿪ģطҴȥˡ
ѧǼִ⣬ͻȻе㼱ˡ
ųδٿһ°ɣԺվҪˣԺòã
ѧԺҪģųδ绹ɵ£
Ȱ˵ų˫һȴǲΪ
еһ̣ôβ
УѧԺԺӦֻҪȥѧԺܵõõԴҲܵõõԴ
ĶˣĶˡҪ˵ˣѾ䣬ųη䣬뿪
ѧǶԶȥıӰһ˲йƤ򣬶ɵġ
ʱ׳վڳϣųεı龡۵ס
ܿ죬ųҲĴڣ˫һУдֵĲʣǺǣҰѧԺλڳø㣬Ժơ
䣬ųʧããҹɫС
׳뿪ıӰ鼫Ϊӡ
ѵӽųθߵ
ǣף˰бҪ
ѧǼųεӰʧҲ̾һû뵽ųξȻִ⣬о̫Сһ㣬䲻һ
ųδôо첻ʶˡ
ҲָоһζѣԺǧǧĻᣬбҪС
ҸоѧԺ˺޳ܣǽš
ѧǵҹղ쳹
ʱĶųβ֪ѧ˵ʲôҹ뵽ѧԺУѧԺҲ顣
ϾԺѧԺģȻҪ΢һ㡣
ųν뵽ѧԺԺ󣬹汻䵽˲Դѧ۲Ľ
ųΣǷѧԺһԱˣɵҪúñְԺļ򣬲Цˡ
ųЩԴЦúϲ£죬ԺģҶúôѧԺøǿã
Ժļ򣬱⣬ѧȥסĵط
лԺųϲܸоһõط
ȥסǳĬԵܣޱ飬˿ȴЩüؿŶųΣû뵽ҲѧԺһȰһ䣬ûá
ųüһ뵽ЩԴȻܵĹģ˵ʲôӽҸϳȥܷ䵽ԴˣΪһĹ



1380 ϵĶ

˿̣ѾԴԻҲЩˡ
ܰ̾һԺ׵ġ
ųζЦЦˣԼҲǴѧԺѧģ˵Щ̫û˵𣿡
üβ
ųεһЦܿ뵽˷С
ܿŽյķţһ㸴ӣһת뿪ӰԵį
ҹ
ǧҲ극׼ЪϢˡ
ֻȵҹ˾˶˯µʱǧͷжˡ
˶һۣ˲⡣
˵ļֱӣǰȴûôӣ˼µɫʣǼעؼ֮ˣ͹һеġ
ǧǰĲֻչ£ȥصϢΪŨ˼֣Ҳ˼֡
˶ڴˣδʲôˣԲⲢûκ˰أȥǼ׽ġ
ǧͷβδиСԾǽ棬㣬봰ӽ뵽С
ҹĲ谵ޱȣǧ͸ֻϵħЩԾĻ沢ŨңǧҲĻᱻ˷֡
ǷͷȥҡǧŤͷС˵š
͸⣬ؿ飬һЦãͷҡ
2183±Ĩȥˣ
ǧͬЦŵͷȥһԵĹϷˡ
ĶᣬҲûҽϵ鼮ŪңԺᱻ˿ʲôۼ϶ͻʲôġ
ǧһûҵʲôõĶֻѰҵһЩƽĶһЩ鼮
üͷЩ
ʱκҵһö˫΢ֳǧ֣ҵˡ
ǧ˫ߵԣЦ˵ҵˣĶ
νһףһʷ鼮ȡǧûһ£ЩҪѰҵĶ£Ȼ¼ģǰѰҵЩƵײͬ
ǧһϲ̽״򿪣ϸϸ
ϼ¼źö֣ǧЩͷۻһʹԼ
һҳһҳڼ俴Ⱦµ֣ԼҲ¼棬ɫȻǲŸոռ¼ϵġ
ǧֿ˼ҳͣ˫Ҳ΢΢һ
ôˣѯʡ
ǧָϵһ֣˵Σ㿴֡
δһ˫Ҳ΢һ£ǰֱúɫī֭ͿˣƳһһȨ֡
ʲôȨмǸǿˡΪʲôƫƫҪͿأѵ˱ҸϳȥǸ
ǧԽԽпܣ˫Ҳһ¡
ҵʷκ
ǧ̻ðܿ˱ϳҵԵɡ
ܿͽ鼮򿪣鼮ϸÿ˵ƽףۻңҲڰ̾š
˺üۣǧûʲôȨƽͳɾͣٷȥʱͻȻط˺˼ҳ
˺ĺۼ棬ȴˡ
ǧͷζһۣ򴽣ЩĵЩ˺ҳǹǸģʲôʮĴ£ǽеһжĨȥˣ
ҡͷڵĮ޲
ǧЩƣЩ׺ʷûʲôãȫĨȥҲˣҲӺ棬֪ˡ
֪ǿ°㿴ηһҳָĶڡ
ǧһĶԺ˫һ¡ǹµƽͳɾ͡
ʮͻȻʧҵʱȫˣһϢʮ꣬˶ˮ㱻ʮٴʧ٣ֵʱ򱻰ľϣȫѪ˫ͣȫޡ
ֱʮʱҳĻ֡ǧҳ𶯣û뵽Сʱ򾹻ַ˵ĶԴʵڿµĺܣŽҳ뿴Ļ־˭
ǡȥʱҳѾ˺ˣֻ˺ۣʲôû¡
ǧüͷһʧˣµƽͳɾֱͣ˺ˣ
ǹΪ֮ģ
ǧ˫ͻȻе죬ҲһͷͻȻ˳
ΣⶫԺͻȻһ뷨ǧΣᣬȴǱ˸š
οɤźˮ˵˵ɡ



1381 ī

ǧһſ˵Ļֿ϶ģҪĨȥ֮ˣʲôôأǱȻͬһˣ˵ͻȻһײж֮Ǳǵ۵㣬ҪĨȥҲҪߡ
˵ţֽҳʲôȨҳ˳ߣĨȥ϶ʲôʮ飬ǱضµйأȻҳϼǵò̫룬ҲеһЩԭίˡ
ǰһ£
ǧﴽûãҲ΢Сѡ
ν鼮ŻصԶҷŵüΪ׼Ʋκαĺۼ
ǧɵˣǴʦ
£
Ǳ佱ˣε죬ƿ꣬ȻѾ֪֪ģǱЩ뿪ɡ
ǧͷܿ˱뿪˲
ա
ǾҪطѧԺˡ
ǲδ֣һСӰһֱͷǳ˫һȴδκ죬ϢҲˡ
ǧƺʲôܿȴδʲôҲδܵ˵Ϣ
ˣΪʲôͻȻô䱸أ
ҲȴǧһʲôûƼһ˲Ϣͷ·Ǵһ
˫΢΢ȴʼƲһȻֻаˡ
νĿջأɫʼյĮˮ
ǵӰʧǵСӰһЦܸٵ֣˺ڰṩƵҩ˵Ϣ˭޷ǴʦҲС
Ѿ˵ĳѨҲȷǧѾÿȥߺڰ᳤
صѧԺǧѧԺеЩ
ģǱ۸һ
Ⱦ壬ûоѧԺպܲðǧü˵һ䡣
ȾȻҲܵһУüܾѧԺͻȻĬͷѧԺѲϵ
ô£ȾһԵѧ
ѧҧȫ˵˳
ǰѶųεļʺ˵쾡¡
Ⱦ󣬲˳Ĭ֪ôһġʱڱʱ򣬶ųξѾܲˣټ˰׳ųξ͸ͼʣΪѧԺԺ䣬ʹƽѧԺ϶Ҳǿܵġ
ųȻȥ⣬˺ܺõӣӸ߰ݲðѧԺԺƻѧǳ顣
û뵽һ쾹졭Ⱦ̾˿ȴǵ˸־ҲΪ˶ųεĿϧ£ŬΪҪˣʣµȷһžͺá
ǧǰһҲǰοǰסĲǾӢסľ뿪ɡ
Ⱦһͬصͷ
ЩѧԺҲûôˡ
ģҲųϧѧԺãÿƷ˵ܴʹʵȥѧԺʲôðѲȥѵԴģ
ǻʲô尡
ܵõԴȻãЩԴҲԼʵİ͵ġʱһѧͻȻ˹˵Ժͷһӣ˵ǰѧԺѧϰԺ㣡
Ⱦ΢΢һ㶣ģһѧԺѧϰ˭
Ⱦʶǧһۣǧʼ磬ͬҲһɻ
ˣ˭
ȾһͻȻ˵ǳȥ
ǧͷҲģðǳȥɡ
ûã˱߳ѧԺҲܿվѧԺͷˡ
ǧһۣһ¡ǰݿ㣬Ҳ⣬ЦʱͬһտϻһϮɫۣӭµʱԵøΪҫۣ㣬˼֡
˾Ȼī裬ȸ½ӵ¡Ӧôȸ½
ôͻȻѧԺˣ
ˣҹϴ˵ȸʵڴϹԲ̵⣬ѪѪԸڰˣҹδȥһ⴫鶼ûУǼ˰ɡ
ԣīѰˣ
Ҳ˵˴żȻǾ෽Ѱң˴ġ
ǧ΢΢۾뵽īĹϵͦģҲ˰ɣⴧ⣬ʵЩ˰ɡ̾һϺһĨЦ⣬ī裬ôͻȻ˰
ī迴ǧЦͻȻһۡ
ǧЦδ˵Щʲô
γһۣ⵭Įɡ
Ҽǵ㡣Ⱦī裬һЦǰѧԺѧϰµλѧ츳ܲġ



1382 뽫ɱ

ȾԼ˳īеЦŨлԺޡ
ȾסļЦǽȥ˵ɡ
īȻûʲôЦŵ˵ͷ
ܿ죬˱뵽ѧԺĴС
īվֻһ㱣طǰһģһׯϣһϢ˲Ծ
ǣԹһЦ⡣
ǧָ⣬˵һ䣬ī裬ֻ˳𣿲Ϊʲô飿
ʲô㡭īʧЦһĿһֱǧȹһſ˵Ƿ˸֮ģҸʵ˼ҪʦеϹԲ̣˵ڰϮΨѪѪѲƽϢ
Ȼ
ǧһ¶ȻЦݣҲµһ˵ȷĿĵģǵѪѪܽڰ򵹣
ī蹴˹ǣҲ֪ԭҲģֻǧѩһֱڸǰ˵Ҳűˡ
ǧ˫˵ǧѩ
īͷǵģһֱ֣һֱҸǰ˵ĲǣҪȥһ
ǧüֳοһۡ
ͬҲйâʡ
ҵĹϵһֱǺܺáǧŴ꣬˵һ䣬Ҫҵ鷳Ҳ⡣
Ⱦ󣬲ǧ˼ۣʵû뵽ȻСֶŮȥֹˣǧѩұҩ˵ҩīüͷһЩҩøҩʦĳ֪ҩзʲôɷ𣿡
ǧ˫ֲ֣õĸоʲôɷ֣
īһһ˵УڰϢ
ǧͷζһۣҲζɻǱһ£û뵽ǧѩĵӾȻ󣬻ī豭ҩ
ǿȸ½ӵ£ıӵˣ
Ҳ˵ǸǧѩĺͺڰйȾ۾ǧѩֶŮϵãǺڰˣʵΣհ
īҡҡͷĿǰֻ˵Էǳǲģֻ֤˵ǧѩ˵ȷĽҳǰһ֧ӡ
һ֧ĵӡǧһת
ī轫ȡһĵڵƻ買⣬ȴһضֹϢźܲѰ
棬ҲкڰϢۣͻȻ˵һ䡣
ĺڰϢܵƽײ
īԺ΢΢һȻкڰϢĶϣҴôã
ⶫʲôӰɣ
ī򴽣ͻȻһ¡
ǧһ̧ٴʵī裬ǧѩµҩʲôЧ𣿡
īһ£ſ˵һ˲þܱҩ֧֮ҩ
ǧ󣬲Щ񺮣ǧѩӺô󣬾Ȼ֧ī裬ȷǳ˱ӵ
ô֧أʲô֮ǧüָеĵӡ
īƿ꣬üͷ壬ǧѩǧﴫһֱûҵǣڰҸǣʵóԼܼͷ·Ҫʲôһйء
䣬īǧлŵǡ
֪ǧѩڴʲô⣬ʵЩİǧۣԺи뷨һ֪ǧѩڴʲôˣ˵᲻ܣǧѩīҩҪʱǸʱ䣬ҵҵǸʱ䣬īʲô뽫ɱ
һī費Ȼ
ȾͷҲһ¡
ǧѩȻڴ⡭ֱɥĲݿ£
Ƕ˵ǧӣͻȻЩС˵ѵǾ˵ò𣿡
ȾͷͻȻĬīȿˣȷܣǧѩһֱϵңҲ֣˵ǻȻˡ
䣬īɫȴúѿ֪ǧѩԼû뵽˺ǧ
ǧĸ顭ȻòӦѻǿԵģΪ˺кϣ
뵽˴ī˫Թ㺮Ҳڻ㱼һĨ񣬡ǧѩܻ˼ȴû뵽˼Ҫ赶ɱˡ
ǧָ⣬ûʲô飬ʵҲգǻѾ֪ǧѩ˼Ǿ˷Ҳҵġ
īٴγĬһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ʱ򣬷κֽǧļסڣõġ
κ˶к˼



1383 ǵֿɱҲ޷

ǧ󣬴΢΢ͷİ˼֣ұҲģǧѩҲڰҩƷҲ֪صģ
Цŵü֮ȴ䲻ͷԨ
ī迴Ǽۣ˵ЩӣǧѩȻҲϵҵģ˵Ҹøҵ𣿡
ǧͷβһۡ
Ⱦվһ࣬üͷӦòøŮȥ÷ӣ˵˶Ȼݣʵû˼
ǧЦŵͷǾȲ˵Ҳкöû꣬ûǧѩպпٺҲ١
䣬ǧŤͷīʵī裬ҲŻȸ½ɣ
ī˰֣ЦȻԭҲǵģҪ־͹ǧѩͣ򸸻Ƽңʵڿɺ޵Ľ
óīĶǧѩ񣬲𴽰꣬ǧѩȸ½QĺȸʵҲݺ͡
īü˵ͷǰ˭ѪѪȻݵĽ
ѪѪ
ǧеЦЩζ
Ⱦֵڴ䣬ЦЦҲ˵Լٻˣλʵ֪Щʲô
˵һ㣬ȾȻֹͣһ˲ԵĪ⡣
īʶһۣȴû˵ʲô
ȾīȻһЦ
īһ̽ĿջλȾԺͬǰһȻһŮӶĪ̬ô˵ͦġ
īסڿջһסѧԺȾֵڴ䣬һ䡣
ī룬ͻȻֳǧһֻۣһ۱㽫Ŀ˻ȥ·˵˷ѧԺѧԺľҲ˵ˣѧԺѧԺˣѧԺҲвѧתѧգҲһλжųεѧתѧ˰ɣ
Ⱦ΢㶣ϢĻͦ졭򴽽ǣ˫ÿǰѧԺһֱڸǽŵ顣
īЦɲůǲĻҿѧѧסѧԺ˳ˡ
ֹȾǧҲؿһۡ
ȻԸѧѧѧԺ˵ǸĺϢ
գʧȥ˫ϵħʦųΣɽգȻӭ˱ȶųθΪī裬ټīǵĹϵᱻѧԺǽǣ
飬ô㶼ģ
ȾЦīļ򣬵СӻϵǵȻ⣬Ļأ
ǧҲǳһЦǰѧԺһֱǽǣˣ˵绢¶ټϷѧԺõ˶ųο϶ڿĵţ뿴ǵЦ
īˣǶԶķѧԺҲ취ңǡ
ɣѧīƿ꣬
ȾǧһۣǱ˷ܡ
Ŀ⵭Į׻ī
īԼıӣЦ
ܸܵεĵ⣬һڿеĿ⣬ûл˰οƬ̣㽫Ŀջء
ѧԺһλǿѧϢֶߣܿ㴫뵽Ժ
Ժõųε¶մմϲϢý豭飬˫Ŀɳŭֹ
һϮɫ˾һ࣬ƷһڲˮϸˮαҪֻյһЩѧˣǺڰæѧԺЦ󣿡
Ժеŭɢ˲٣㵱ң
Ȼ˾²յĿֻҪ㽫סĵطʵ棬Ǻڰһ뷨˼
ԺüۣȷѾ֪˵סˣҲ֪νͷ󷨽⿪
û뵽˾סڰ׻⣬ǷѧԺý
Ժ򴽰꣬һ䣬Ҵȥ˵סֻܹ֤ҪץȥҪǵ
˾üЩؿһۣ㱻ϳǻϧ֮飿
Ժ֮ŵȻǡЩԹԼȥǱȣܲˡ
˾üˮģǲ˺˵ġ
ɻ˵һ֪ɱͲѪȴֱܿȥˣģûʲôס
˸ҷĻɱҲ޷ġ뵽˴˾һЦЦ͸űࡣ
Ժ󣬵ǰһЩѾ֪˵סĲǷֺĻҴ˿̾ʹȥ
ҴӦ˾ĦŲյкЦȴΣշǳ



1384 ǲ

Ժǰ˼֣˵ȥ𣿡
ȥ˾ָ⣬кȻȴֶ˼ڴϲɫ
ԺԴӵؿۣȴͨʲôһǾ
˾·ϵЦôûȥ
Ժǰ·˾ںţܿ˾뿪Ĵ½߾˰׻½ĳ⡣
˾Ϥĳ⣬вЩ棬ҵס⣿
ڳ⣬Ǿڰ׻½ʵƤӵˣȴδֹȤĽҲǻط
Ժ˺棬Ľ͵ȷʵڳ⣬Ǻڰĵҩһֱ˴֮Կ˵סΪһ󷨣ֻҪƿҵһбܾ۵ס
˾˫һͿ콫ƿ
ŴǣЩȲˡ
Ժһһ˦ǰһо羵ˮ»ɢˣɢԺ󣬱иּӵӳУˣɽˮлвݣϹ߲˵أڴɽ֮仹һ޴ķ糵糵ˮţɲγˮÿѡ
˾ˣҲݺһ£ЦǸԴʺӰ
ԺǰһУһֻĸо
ƿ꣬㶵˵һ䣬һֱģϲҲϲܣŽãס
˾۾˵ͻȻ뷨ǽ⾲׵ĵطȾѪɫǲҲ
ң˭˾˰βһ䡣
Ժ΢٣ϸϸ룬ȴһ㸴Ӿͷ·ԸʲôһһõģȻЩˣľȻḻ
˾󣬲ɣڴȥǵĳϡ
Ժ򴽣ЩΪѣѾҸߣͲ֪סںδ·ȥңҵأ
֪Ǿȥˡ˾һмڳأʱڣǾڵЩСˣԴҲһְ԰硣
˾Ŀջأ˫İζ
Ժ֪ݣȻ棬ֻǰѯʡ
δڣǼ˾ͷǵĴڣ΢΢һ٣һ֣ͼֽ䱸֮ɫ
ǲˣΪҪ˽ңǵĿʲô
־Ϊ벻ףͷ󷨼ӳ֣ΪλͻȻ˴룬ھ裬Ϊǿ˵ϢȻǼΪľУʵЩ˵ĺܡ
ԺеĽ䱸ɫβ
˾££䣬ЦҲ䱸ǾѯʳǵסģҲЩҪ鷳ǣָ·
ĻºͣĿȴȷ
ҳϵġҲü˸ӽ䱸˼֡
ȥңôȷĿģȻʲôöǵʵҲ˼ΪɵȾǧھͺˣҲɵͽ䱸ˡ
³ͷ׼ȥҰ֡
ԶȥӰ˾ȴûеһʱȥ׷
ԺˣȴЩˣôȥ׷ڶ࣬ǰ˶˹Ǿͻᱩ¶Ҳ˵ķУʱ򣬳϶Ǻڰġ
˾ǰЦۣûһҪ׷˼
ȥˣʲôõ𣿡˵һ䣬ٴЦ⣬Цɲ⣬̶
Ժһһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲôá
˾󣬾ϸˮһ㣬һϣǶະһЩأ
ңөѾ·ˣźܸܿϵʱٶ࣬ҲӦ磬ʵڲеĻɱҲû£ֻҪõõĳǾͳˡ
ˡҲã
Ժ֪˾˼ܾ˵ĻЩ֡
ʲôУϣǶеˣ
еʲô𣿻Щʲô£
Ժʶ˼ۣȴʲôû˵
˾һЦĿͶԺϣԺ»صʲôоǲǺܼܿģ
Ժ΢֪Ϊʡ
ɿЦЦģԺͷһܾе㲻񱻶ǶһûʲôĲĵģ˽ҸߣҳͶطûʲôоˡ
˾Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ򣬾һҵĽŲ𣬰ŽŲģбѾ׼ʱӭսˡ



1385 ɱ

Ȼڶֻ࣬ҪЩıԶȻȡʤġ
ţ̸ֳţֺܿ˾С
ϰٺŵˣվһжƵıӳµʱĹâؼҫڲ
˾ˣڲðЩı治ͬ졣
Ǻڰıʵһ¥ǵĴҵҲһ
뵽˴˾һЦ𣬻ż˲
վؿǣǺˣôҵģʲô
Ժǣһ˲Ļ㱣еЩģϤǰʶģͲˣҲûκνˡ
ͷȻ󷨣һӾͱǽ⿪˾ƿ꣬Цŵǲûж⣬ֻ뽫һǵĳ϶ѡ
һ٣еĽ䱸ȴˡ
ܼģ
һֱڱչأ˵ܼġǿڵǣǿЩ뿪ɣ˲ϲˣִⲻ뿪ͱǲˣ
Ժ˾ǲΪ
˾ͻ˲ٲ֪˿͸
ҪεĲ˾ֵڴ䣬һȫµģ
Ǽˣһ£ֻôΣˣ˲ǻ׳ӵǲ뿪ĻǾͻᶯǸϳȥ
Ȼң滹Ǻģټڶ࣬ҪͻΧҵǻͦѵġ
Ժ˵һ䣬Ǵ˿̸ô죬ڶ࣬ӲĻ϶Կġ
˾۾һɷƵӣͷ·ȫûǷһûʲô˵ģǾˡ
Ժ󣬲һô˵ʲô˼ʲô
˾ֵڴ䣬ֻЦ
ԺֻҪʲô飬ܻ˼˵ٴһҲ˹ȵף˾Ӧҵģ˼˵㲻ǰɣ
˾һЦܿͿ˵ֻҪǹԹòҾͲ˺ǣǻţͱҲˡ
Ժ󣬲΢΢һ٣ǰ˵İ
˾һЦ
Ժһһţǰ˵ģƭҵģ
˾ЦһɲԺȴ˹ȵס

ʱǽееĽ䱸֮ɫŨﲻӭǣǿ߰ɡ
˾δ
Ժվһ࣬Щ
׷ˣԶǵ˵Ϻס߳Ҳżֲá
Ʋȥ˭澹Ȼһ˵ܴʮԽĲģųһ̽
ϣǼǳϣҲǼĹһȫǹ
˾еЦЩǳϣҪѰҵˡ
Ժȴǻ˻ΣƺЩЩϡҲԣЩȨģǰϳңҲЩֵģٴμϣܻ𵱳Ǳв
Ժ˽ԼƣбĪ⣬ȴӿĽ
Ǳҳǣ˾Ȼڣɤڿнˡ
̽ĿͶȥϤ֮󣬳ɫһ䱸ͼ
˭Ϊܳҵ󷨣˴ȣеĽ䱸ԣϵ֮Ҳɢˡ
˾ǣЦ󣬿ȴɭһƬǲʲôˣ볤ǳɽһЩƺãԻ뿪ġ

ҲЦ
кö˶ûгɹΪҲսҲǷǳǿģӲǾͻӲ˶ֲô
⣬׸
ҴӲװǻذɡܾš
˾գȴ产ˣһҪأ
ҵˣƴȫǶϳȥ˵ţ˫ࡣ
˾ȫûʲôӡ󣬴Ǻ˼֣ǣŽȫϳȥ
µʱͷٴα˺өһЩźµǻǵĺ¶ͳһģǰźڰͼ



1386 

᳤ˡөϥأл
˾Цŵá
ǿͼ֪ǶǺڰˣӺԾǺڰ᳤
ǴӲڰнôأ
طĺΣôúڰ˴룬ǣ͵͵طǣֻ˭أ
תĿͶԺϣǰûע⵽ˣȴע⵽ˡ
ź£Ŷ˿òǡϵϢȴϤһȾϤˡ
Ǽˣ΢΢ס֮ǽгһ֣Ȩ𣿡
Ȩ
Ϥ֣ԺӲһʱ֣ԴӱϳԺҲˡ
֣һֻĸо
ӽסµ˫ϸϸţǾ֪Լ¶ˣǰ˹ȨǼǰǴҳǸˡ
ʮ֮ˣ
Ȩ㣡۾ٴξһ
Ȩٴһȴû˵˵Ҳ˵Ҳ𵴲رĲ
ԭȨ˾Цš
Ȩ򴽣֮ȴǽϵĶժ£漴һȴһ̵¶ڿС
˵ʣٴμǺݺһҲ͸¶־;Ҳһ£Ǵδ˻ٴγ֣Ǵźڰġ
Ȩû뵽뿪Ժ󾹻䣬˺ڰᣬ֪Ǹ˲¹ͷĵطܼ룬ҵס۾ȫʧ
Ȩ󣬲ûмڰᣬǱң
ȷʵһɣûмڰᣬΪλڰһΪλὫǴҾסأ
ʣȨҧ˫һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǶеʧԽԣȨ㻹ǺǰһֲǱΪϳҺı䣬û뵽㾹ȻǰҪ֣ڰ֮أ㾹Уʵ̫ʧˡ
Ȩǿ˼ۣ䴽ЦʲôʱڴˣңԭͱҳΪҪڴǹܵ𣿡
еĸɫ˼֡
ȨҪˣ𣿡üĿš
ȨһЦʲôԣֻҪһˣƺ֤ల£𣿡
ĲˣȨӦ֪ģǾԲģңǴôΪֻҪͳ𣿡
ڰ֮˴ݣ֮ɱ¾ƽͣ
Ȩһò˵
˾ĶԻͻȻ˰֣ɤɱ⣬өְɣǵã£෴ȫĨɱ
һ䣬өϡ
һʱ䣬ײڶ쳹󣬱ǵܿ죬ŨҵѪζؼӣΪǳ
ȨǰѪĻ棬ɴ˫ץס˾°ڣȵ˾˵ΣΪҪ˽նɱҵԼǷƨ𣿡
ҧҧȫǷŭ
ķŭȴһ˲񣬴ӦʱѾһɲǼ䣬ԴѪʬҰ˵޳
ͫ׽Ҳ֪˶òŷӦ˹
Ťͷݺݵ˾
˾˫ֻأվԭأͬɫµ徻ȴ͸һѪϢ˲ҲҪǵʵ̫ˣɱ˱Ƚϼ򵥣򲻺ýǴȥ
˾̫ˣáȨüɫѡ
˾ʼ磬һںӣΣֻҪҴﵽĿģǾͳˡ
ȨɫΪѿ
˾ţ˵ȨҽϳǵͲΪλҪǵ
ҡȨŴ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
˾ָصʬ壬ЦſѪڣҰ㽫ɱ⣬Ҳǰ㱨˳㲻Ӧøл𣿡
Ȩüȴ֪η
˾ļЦҿŰɣЩǰ˶
ȨȻɴ۾˫˸ѡ
ûãЩ˱Ѿֻʣ¼ߵĳϣҪ𣬿㣬ܿ㱻өǿסˡ


1387 ΪʲôҪ˺ǣ

˾ˣЦө񣬽Ǵڰܲܳһ
ŵϵʬ壬ͮͮģȴû˰ֽ࣬Ǿͬʬ㱻өǰŪš
ǵңˡ

һû꣬Ⱦ£ǧǸҵĹؼڣ츳ߵţֻҪڣҾ;Բ꣡
뵽˴ȼ棬ȴûбֳ
ôϲǰĳ𣿡˾ȨٴЦЦͬħͷ
Ȩ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôһЩˬ죬ɸĻǲͲ̣ϾҲ˰
ǵٶֱӹϵ
㻹ǣ˾۾üһ
ȨһæҡҡͷҲûֻۣڸпôһصҾȻôͱˡ
˻㱣ȣĻǲš
ȫ𣿡˾ƿ꣬һ⣬ѧԺǼأȾǸһֱȾһ¡
Ȩ㶣ȴûг
˾ЦģҶѧԺˡ
ȨҧŴ꣬Щӣл
*
ѧԺ
ǧкȲ裬˫һֻĿںһĨʹţϸϸܣĶտյģʧȥʲôҪĶһ
ץץ·ҪץЩʲôȴʲôץ
ʹгûãܿɢˣеĲˮȴǵϣˮҲһӡ
μ鲻ԣΪѪѪĲʸзˣü䲻䣬ﲻ𣿡
ƿ꣬ҲЩһĨɫ
ûʲô¶ǧҡҡͷȴЩһĪǾĿڴ΢еۣʧȥʲôҪĶ֡
ҪĶ
۾ַţڣ㲻ʧȥκζģҪ˼֪𣿡
ǧŰ˲٣ץŷε°ڵ֪ģܾúʲôڷȻȴ֪Ǻ¡
ͷҪĵġ
ǧʶͷ
ʱһ
Ⱦ£ǵĽŲرңܼӡ
ȥš
Ⱦ¶Ž룬ϵļôڸǲסֶŮղûһºʹĸоͷ·ʧȥʲôҪĶ
һֱĿڣɫҰס
ǧһһָоôҲͻȻָоˣ
Ⱦ򴽣Ƭ̲ŵͷָоͻȻЩĪϸҾҳˣΣ
ǧٴסȻҳôܣǻʱ򻹺úõİôͻȻͳˣ
ȾսȭͷһƬȻҲ֪Ҿָоָоرǿң벻עⶼѡ
ǧץָ⣬ôһ˵Ҳָоǿң絶ʣǴ˿Ҳ¡
ҧŴ꣬бŷһƲ֪ҪҪȥǲصĻֻ»ᱻֿ־֧䣬ҲӲˡ
֨ӱ˴̶Ⱦ̴վ𣬼еãȥҿϣǵĸоǴ
ǧصĵͷá
䣬ͣظȥ׻½⣬ǱȾ˫һУͻȻͷ󷨾ɶĺۼʲô˶ˣ
ãб˶ĺۼȾȻɴ˫еĲԣҲ·𱻽˱ˮУ⡣
ǧüͷҲطηǳᱻ˷֣ͷ󷨶б˶ĺۼˣǾ˵طѾ¶桭
ǧƣһʱ˺ܶܶ࣬ȴԽԽľҲ
Ⱦ壬ǲ˴˰վһ࣬˵ܵͺܵͣҲһɿ־;š
ȾŴû˵ָ⽫ͷ󷨴򿪣򿪵˲һŨѪζ
ѪζƮɢԭɽˮ㣬ԴҲһζһȥɵģûǰ鶯֮
ȾվڴڣȥһͻῴԸһĻһĻܻΪͷһᡣ
ŨѪζǧͬҲŵζüͷеĲΪŨңӳȥ
η䣬󾲾š
ߵرϵʱǧȻ½ŲҲһ£˸ҡҡ׹·һͻεһ
ô


1388 ҵ

ȫѪʬ壬Щʬ۾ȫһĿģǧЩʬ塣
Щʬ嶼˰ϻ˵ǾȻȫ˵ϣĿǧָҲһһʵģǰǺĶĿѪıҲһɹŨҵѪζЩѪЩζ˵ġ
˭Ȼ˶Դˣ
˭˺ģ
ǧ˫ȭСϲ˪ɫȴǲҰײҰ׵ģɭɲŮ
ΣôãôʵΪʲôҪ˺أǧŤͷۿģȴǿŲˮ¡
εȻҲЩĿʬ壬ַǧģʾοΪĳ档
棿
ǧ˫ʲôأ
һΧĿβ
ǧŴǣۿɺģȴȾŭ⣬ŭͬ꣬ɲǾͻὫ˺ѡ
ʱȾ¶Ѿ˹ǿϵʬŵԭأɫɷɷףͫ׽ǲź;塣
Ⱦ壬ⲻģԲġ¼ˣסҡͷԭ˫ʧ˽࣬Ҳڲ߽ʧĻһ
ȾҲûкõȥƣָûһüκ̲סͺ

ĵͺ˲ط쳹þòɢ
ĵͺǧеŭŨʲôˡǱ֪ҪЩǧˡ
źڰϢκȻŨصѪζţܴŵһ㲻ͬζ
ǣںڰϢԲŴ
ʲô˵ڰϢǧȻ𾪵ԭء
ȻкڰϢǵȷҪ˵ע⣬طηǳ󷨼ӳ֣ڰ㱾ͨҲ֪طģټϣºȾһֱΣ֪
ǣ֪ºȾݣټԸ٣Ż֪˵סĶǣһֱڴˣͨ籨ţǵס˵
ԣӦûһ֪ºȾݡǧȻɴ˫д󺧣ⷺġ
Ⱦ壬ûгǵʬ塣ºڣģȴżְƣȥĽ˶ݡ
ʲô
ǧȾĴһ£ȷʵûзֳǵʬ壬Ҳ˵ǿܻûǱڰ˸ˡ
ǽǴߣʲôĿأ
ǧ°ͣͻȻһǲǿô⣬ڰĿһֱˣҪ˰æ˲ӣǱʹӲԳǶǱץȥˣʱӦûûΣա
һȾ˿;ĩ·˵ǸϢ
һصʬ廹ǽǵĸӲ˺ѣ·Ҳϲˡ
ǲӣǻΣգһҪѳǾȳȾƿ꣬˵һ䣬ǰһжʹҲסˡ
ˣǧüͷȥˣ
Ⱦۣ˫ѪŨҵŭȻȥڰܲ˰
ǧⷺ䣬֪ܲ
ҡȾסһ˲侹ֱһµĸоŴ꣬˰βſ˵ڲ֪ҲȥֻҪҵͺˣ
ȾѾ޷ŭͷԣ˿̵嶯˼ˣֻЩҵڰĳѨȫȳͳˡ
ȫûǹһҲڰܲΣҵָܲΣ
ƾһ֮ǱڰὫȫߣ
ϹˣҲ˵ڰɭڰ᳤ɲ⣬δڰҲûֵʲôô˵Ⱦˡ
Ⱦ壬嶯ˡǧ΢̾һ廪ˮѾɥʧ˼ȫеǹɳ嶯ǹɺ֧ţ뵽һ㼸ʮҵڰܲʱƻ˶ˡ
Ⱦ΢˺ðβŻ˹
ò˵ǧ˵úܶ࣬äĿȥѰңֻ˷ʱѣ
˵ӦΣȾǧɳ죬дųŭ⡣
ǧֵڴ䣬Ȼڵڰ᲻ͻȻҵطͷҲʲô˶ƽģԣΪʲô˸ڰͨ籨ˣͨ籨֮˿϶ϤҵһС
Щ𾪵ǧֵҾãӦȽͨ籨֮ҳĿǰ˵϶ͺڰһҵ͵ҵ˺ڰܲѨ



1389 

Ļٴ
Ⱦ¶һۣԷе
ǵ˫ζͣͻȻз·ĳЩ²⣬Ǹͨ籨֮˺ЩüĿˡȾ壬˵᲻˫һСҰɫȥǳ
Ⱦƣβ
ֱӦúǸйأоǲϣǸѾϳҲʧˣͻȻֻŪģ᲻̫һЩ
ǣǸ˱ͺܻʮĻ£ᱻϳң
Ⱦҧ˫ȫԼ磬ɫҲ仯ͣ˵Ĳѡ
Ⱦ壿³˳°ڣС˵һ䣬ҾãȻǸģôڰ϶ҲóȾ壬һҪǸҳ
ȾĿ䵽ϣȴû˵
µӲɫɷףȾ壬һˣһǵģˡЩ캦飬ƾʲôҪأ
Ⱦ󣬰β
µӻЩҡҡ׹һ˲֮·һͻᴵһ
ǧˣüеɻ˼֣˵ǿе˭ʲôᱻϳң
ǧȾԭأǲ˵ģϵҲ˺ü֡
Ҳ֪˶ãȾڿڵʵҲʲô£ͱˡ
קȾ䣬ҲǱտڲԡ
ǧ۾Ǵף
üͷζһۡ
οˮǳǳĲš
ǧеһо۵ף˵˵ҸӺʵ͵͵Ǳ󡣡
ָ⣬׼ϲ˵
˵ȾһЩŵؿǧۣ㾹Ȼ͵͵Ǳ˲󣿡
ȥʲô
ǧָ⣬Цò÷ǳ˵Ǹʱ̬ȣˣֲңֻȥˡ
Ⱦ¶һۣ˲һĨء
Ⱦüʵʲô
ǧƿ꣬ˮǳǳȴ⣬Ȼû鵽ʲôĶ㻹ǲ鵽һЩȤĶ
ȾŴ꣬΢ƣ鵽ʲô
ǧĿ⣬ǳǳһЦЦҲ˼֣һ֣ʲôȨģȻǱˣ־ȻĨȥˣҲ˵ȻʲôʮĴ£ŻᱻϳңĨȥ֡
Ⱦû뵽񣬻鵽ôĶ
һֱ˵Ǹ˵ϳˡǧЦⰻȻҲ룬ǸʲôȨģȻǿ˵ˣ˵Ķ𣿡
Ⱦ½ƣβ
ǧﴽ꣬ٴ˵ҵĲ²ǶԵģǲ鵽ĶҲǶԵء
УŨѪζڲܣҲΧձø
ḧţЦǻ鵽һЩԵģ˵˵𣿡
ǧһۣ˵ʮͻȻʧҵʱȫˣһϢʮ꣬˶ˮ㱻ʮٴʧ٣ֵʱ򱻰ľϣȫѪ˫ͣȫޡ
һһ佫ϵĶȫ˳ֱȱʧĵطͣڣˣǽȾ¾һ¡
û뵽ǧȻЩˣЩҲҴϿģֱĻֺҳ˺ҲͿʲôˡǧǣ̾һҶҲܲµһЩȻǸʲôȨİɣƽ¼ĨȥҲĨȥµҳҲĨȥ֮϶ʲôЩǺڰģ˲Ըġ
һȾµɫѿ
£Сɷףȫڲͣһֻ۸޿԰εĿСޣءҪ˵
ܸҾʲô˰ǧüۿҲЩġ
ĺ֪ȻźϣѪʹ࣬Ҳţôɢ
½ץȾ°ڣСʹ࣬ûнࡣ
ȾŴ꣬ɫͬ԰ףû뵽㾹Ȼ񡭡
ǧ
Ⱦ۵ؿ££ϣ˵𣿡
ӣðβɳãӦ֪
áȾϧͷ
һ˰βŽǰ黺˵˵ʱдŻ䣬һЩڵĲ



1390 ʮǰ

ʮǰ
ʮ꣬ʱ츳ѾܾˣҼΪʦǵ׷
ʱĴ½Ľ紦Ǹģ
ʮ³ɰװ۵ľһŴСӣԴӶÿʼǾЩȱǸΨΨŵŵϸĿģ
һʱϾͻէֳʣ벻עⶼѡ
ʮѾƳƷٴЩĻǾƳˣ
Ⱦ壬ҪȥɽȥѰʱõĲϡʮȥѰȾ
ʱȾҲʮ꣬۵ģü֮仹̬ܿԺǳɣǸ
ȾµԴΪ࣬ȥɣ֪𣿡
´ͷ
ֱܿҲƵ˺ɽ
ɽȫʱҪõĿʯʮºܿģæСͷȥ俪Щʯ
𾢵ʱȫûͻȻһӰǵӰ֣²ݺ¡
ʮôۣ˹ȥ
ȵѹʱ򣬺󾱻Щʹȥ󾱣ȴԼֽžȻסˣҺýͶá
ءС¶ʱˣַԼһڰɽУŵ۴
޵ʱһŲڻ谵ɽ쳹ӣѭȥ˳ֵʱ˫˲ˣңұסˣء
ǺǡԺ漴һЦ
ǵɭ䣬һĨ˵ĲѪϢ
С¸Уܿͷִ˾ʲôˡ
ӣŵò˵ɽʵڣͿ˵
ٴεЦͻȻͳһޡ
žһ˲˦ϣһѪССͬ欵ĺ÷
ۡ¿ʹˣٴδ
žžž˲˦ųޣͣس
Сºޣţɵ۵ľΣҲûĵˡ
㣬Ĵ˺ڣżµķŭ壬ʦŵͷ䵽ͷϣƫƫˣҵķͷ˵Ŀⶼϣƾʲôƾʲô
˫죬еĳ޲趯
ɽеѪζҲŨ
Ҳ֪˶ãСʧѪ˹ȥ֣ЩֱӽС¶⡣
ʱ³ٳٲأҳһţȾҵ˻ѪһϢС¡
µƣСΣա
ԴС¾ȻøȻˡ
˶ϧֻȨЦΪģȾҲ׷ɱ֣ȴûκͷ֪ȻڲԱģȻ֪ҵڴ˴
£㵱治֪˭𣿡Ⱦ԰׵Сϧʡ
뵽շһУ޳ϵʹ½Լ壬ҡҡͷƺԸ롣
Ⱦˣ̾Ϣ
ֱСѾʮˣյӰҲȴ
ٴοʼ츳ǰǰãһ¥˶ˣǲţǹֲţ
찡
֮󣬱ڲеһֻҪʤܳΪΪʦһҫ˶Ҫҫ
ѾõСµȻҪμӰ
ϺɨС飬ջʤ
ʤȨվȺУһؿЦ£ĨЦ˫Ϲµıһ󲻸ģͼʡ
ƾʲôһʮСҫ
ƾʲô츳ãûͺˡȨͺȾ󣬿̬ȴûȾãһֱܱ꣬ʤҲִš
׼ὫС
ͨһСˮУӾ
ȨվڰߣŲˮڵСµЦ˼ܻŵ˻ȥ뿪ʱȫ֪п徹Ȼ˵ϡ
Сˮºܿ챻֣Ҳܿ챻𣬶ǿɢҫ۵Ĺâ벻ֶѡ
Ⱦ𣬺ܿͷ徹ȻȨģ˵⵽ɺϣʲô
ʱȾһŻɵӣɰ˵Ĺϵδ˵ơ
ʮʱѾƳˡ
ƵãչӨ⣬Ϊѵã˵Ŀ⣬ҲΪõʦҵЩڻҪ
һĴڣ̾



1391 ʹĹȥ

һ˵Ĺâʢܻ˵ļʣȨҲ̲סٴζˡһΣҪɱۼ츳ҲǼõģƾʲôҪһʮĺͯλãƾʲô
Ȩ´Σǽңȥأ׼潫Ĩɱۼ
֪Ҫȥֵص˿æ뿪Ӱ
Ȩ˴æҪȥʲô
ȥ磬һÿ°
˵ȨȥˣȾȻЩ뵽£һ춼û£
峤һ˵ǰȨһҲ֪װʲôоװһˡ
һˣ
Ⱦ󺧣뵽ǰںӱҵ壬ǿͻȻĵطǿ϶ɺϡ
϶ڻæ֮µģԣȻȨء
ǰ֪£֪۵ѡ˭֪ȨԲġ
ǰҲġ뵽ǰһϢģȾͷƤըȥֹĻ¿ܾͻزˣУһҪȥֹȨ
Ⱦ䣬ɫڿлһĻȣ첽뿪ңȥ
Щ˼ȾҪ뿪ѯʣ峤ҪȥĶ
ȥˡˣڰȥѳǽһм±Ҫųǵ˵˵ȾͷҲؾˡ
ֻ¼ãȻˣҲҵ飬ȥѰҳˡ
Ⱦ򴽣ãã޼ʵ磬һʱ侹ǲ֪ȥĶ˿ڿŵһЩȨζ
˵ζܺԵĵط˲ͬΪסĵطһƬ󻨶䣬ֻҪסǶͻմȾһЩ㣬Ż㲢Ũȴ㹻ϳѭζȥѰˡ
ܿ죬ȾһɽѰһ˿
ɽУŸոߵſھŵһŨҵѪζȾȻЩõԤС
ȥʱɽеһдʹ˫ֻۣ±ľϣȫʺѪڣϸûһõ⡣
˿̣»˼ģ˫ɢɽڵĳȴ޽ࡣ
ڵϻһմѪޣϵ˶ɵġȾƣܿͷվǰȨԼȻûɽлһˡ
ȨʲôȾڣȫյ̬Ц⣬ͬˮȾһ
Ȩһ
쳣ΣӦòᱻ˷֣£ȻȾˡ
ǻþģ
Ȩδֻǲͣ˫ʾĽš
Ⱦǰһȭͷ˦ȨϣȵȨ֪֪ʲô
顱һȨˣҲѪ
ǵѪŵؿȾۣȷҵ峤Ȩٴһ峤ô
ĺΣӦᱻ˷
ǲǲǾҪɱȻװһȫȻ֪ģһ𣿡ȾһƬɫҪ˺ѵľޣ˻ֲ̿
ȨһǸŵģ峤Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
֤֤ڣ㻹ҪװɵȾָ˵£ǸȾѪޣͻȻֽһöȡö壬ˮĵطҵģѵҪ˵µģ
Ȩö壬Ӳһ
ˣһֱö嶪ˣ߲ˣȫ֪ö徹ȻˮĵطˣȾҵˡ
ö壬ȾҲҲᱻɣҲͽⰭµ¸ɱˡûȨϸ룬ȾͳֽȨƷȨĶֻ֣Լ󣬶Ϊ
صҵʱ򣬳ѾڴͷˣȾӭȥһѪбŵȨʱ˫һɣҲ
ô£Ϊλӣѹѯʡ
ȴƣΪλģȥáȾȨһۣ಻ѣȵãȨһһǣ
Ƕһۣвɴ󺧣ѵһжȨɵġ
ãǰȨԼȫˣʮ꣬ʮ귢ЩѶɵģͬħ˲
Ǳɪɪ
Ⱦ˪ΪҪ
Ȩ۾ŭ𣬡ΪҺ£ҵҫžˣֵõƫƫ֮ϣ



1392 ȥȨ

Ⱦȫ뷨ֻҪһ㣬Ҫ˼ʣҪ˴
ǣȨ˷ΪѾȫΣ֮ͬˣ˵δãȾǣޱʡ
ǺԥĨ֣ϳңԴҲ̤룡
ȨɻȾġ
ȨŴ꣬ϳңĨֻȥҲƾʲôҸϳңû˺µֻ˵˶ѡ
ȾЦ
Ȼˣϳȥ
ȨȻɴ۾һҪҪģҲߣҲߡǶҪߣҪɱЩϲġ
䣬ȨҲ֪ĶȻֱֱǿ񱼶ȥҪ汳ģµҲ޷
ҪǵʱȾ֣һ֮£ȨһȾֱֱһԵϡ
͡һϵ̨ȨİһĺۼټϺȼգİȻˡ
ʹѸӣ
ҵҵȨԼвѡ
Ⱦ΢΢һָܿ˵ĮģȨܡ
Ȩ˫ޣȾٴμҾҪÿ
ܿ죬Ȩ㱻ӣ֮⣬Ҳܿı󷨵Ĺ켣Ҳˡ
ˣǰĹ¾ʹ˽ȾȻֹ
ǧصĹԺȻ˳ĬС
Ͽ˺ܶ飬Ⱦ˵Ժ;±ܵĻҪ࣬Ҫ£Ҫʹ
ƣжȨԹ޸Ũû뵽꾹Ȼ飬ȨԼ£к汨
ɵưɣ
Ⱦƿ꣬һ̾㼵ʲңֱˡ
овõԸˡǧһǰȫǣǰǲǾ÷ѧԺԺЩ֣ͻȻѧԺйɣ
Ⱦ¶һۡ
ʱ»Щ£ǧ˵ԺӷŲҲɷ׵ģҵȷֵĸоҾͺ£ֺǴӹɢġ
ǧ˫һС
ᳶȾ°ڣȾ壬ҾȨǸҵȨ۾ƭˣǲƭ˵ġ
һȾ˳Ĭ
Ҳָоǣûеõ֤ʵҲжϣұѪɺӵģҲݲжϣΨҳڰ֮˲źá
ɻɴҲܷŹһ
ãȾƿ꣬ʵҼԺĵһҲֺܲĸоҲһĪϤУͺһ
˵µ˫𣬵Ⱦ壬ҶָоǾ˵ȷ⣬ǲԴˡ
䣬µСǺ죬ҲǺģԾп־塣
˵ǧζһۣͻȻ˵ȻǶУǾ˵϶⣬ʱȣǾȥλԺ
Ⱦ΢ĬܿӦһ
뿪֮ǰǽϼپʬᣬΨϢ
Ⱦǰһ͹ķĹ¶룬ǷģһΪǱҲ
ӣۿģȴٳٲ¡
ҾȻһϦ֮ģʵģַŭ½ƣȻȴֺһĨŭɫͱ
ּһ̧뿪һѧԺſڡ
ѧԺſڵѧˣ̽£üͷʣЩѧԺˣǷѧԺʲô
ǧӭǵĿ⣬ĸЦݣҲûʲôǾǵԺʱޣŵĻͱǲ
ѧŵõһЦЦ⾹Ȼô䣬ϵҲ˶һ㣬·Ҫһжɡ
Ҳһ࣬ͬһɷ˲
ѧſˮǲԽóһ
ǧһۣҡڽѧԺ
Ҳ첽ϡ
ѧ̸Ц˼ѧԺˣˢˢȥҪֹȴϵ֮סˡ
Ϣÿеһжᣬη̤һ
ԣֻǳԺסȥһߣѧǲų׻ɸղŵȴͷ¡
һʱ̸
ԺסŴţ·Ѿϵǻһ
ǧŴ󿪵Ĵţ˫šһ𣬡ţµǻ



1393 ǲ

ᰴ˰ļ򣬡ˣȽȥ
ȴ󿪵ţǧüŵ˵ͷӦһ
߽ȥʱסаЩ£ʱҲƺúܻżм𣬸ȴǰףͷ·סûһ
˾ɭֲֿ
ǧšüͷ࣬ѵûˣ
ƿ꣬˿Ķϣ˵ģֻϢѡ
ǧ࣬ھͺˣҾڡ
𴽽ǣЦǳÿ
ǧŸܵһ˿̽ĿͶȥͼȨվڴ룬һϯɫԵǳɴŶ˿ò
ǰվȨŶһӣЦ˰ҵǺþˡ
Ⱦһ˿Ϥٴӿͷ֪ǻ
Ȩû˵üΪζǣȻ֪ǻΪ˾ǵ˼Ҳ֪ǻж
ԣŻǣû뵽ˣֻǱлҪһЩ
ĵǺܿ죬лҪ졣Ȩڣɴζźܲ
Ⱦ⺧Ȼ
¶ȾҲ̽ͷţȨʱɺº£ڹĺ¡
ǧ۾Ц֪ǻǺڰ᳤İɣ˼ܶ࣬ȷʵҲܽǵ˼³
˵ʲôڰᣬȨһ£һʱ侹ɲ⣬Ȼôʱڶ֪ڰˡ
ʱҲûʲôɣ
ȨҧŴ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǧָ⣬ЦǲǾúܾȰڰ᳤ܲ³ǵĶǵȻҲܲ³뷨Ҳͦġ
ȨһЦ
ȨǧͻȻһоȻûκεĳɣΪҪźڰȥңҳΪѪ֮أ
ȨٴһŮ˾Ȼݶˣ
ǼȻطǾͿ϶ҲݣȨһ££ȻѾ壬Ǿ֪ˡ
Ǻǣû뵽ǾȻȨһЦϵĺɫѵ
һɫڵأһϤ¶ڿС
ϤȾ¾һŵӽסǼһأԴֵؿǰȨ˫Ҳʧ˽ࡣ
ǰǲ²⣬û뵽ȨٴμȨͺñڿвصʣľս·һ˲ͻᱻ־ûҲӲ
Ȩû뵽㡣ȾȻȨһƬɫżֺ˵ŭ
ֳȾ˶㣬ȻǺ¼ˡ
Ȩ˸ϵ˰̣еĺÿҪйϵ˰Ⱦɵģúޣ
ұȨǰǲҲɹҰȻ̽أȨָ⣬ĿţЦҲڽ
Ⱦн˫ȫŭɫǣǰȷɹ㣬ûʵԵ֤ݣڿ¶ĿҲ˵ǵĻɲûд
Ȩ𴽰꣬Ц˵ǰǵȷûлɴ񰡣ΪԼѾصĺܺˡ
ȾЦһ
ȨǣͬҲ
ǧ˫ֻأ˵ȨȾԺҪ㣬ΪҪϺڰᣬҵЩնɱ㾿ʲôĿģ
ȨЩؿǧһۡ
ȾȻҵ¶ˣȨʵЩ˼顣
ǧüеЦ쳣ЩܣֻҪĿġ
Ų޶˸ȨԼݣڣڰڴ˵⣬ǵ͵һȽϺá
Ȩǧܾûô򵥡
ɲȾὫôҪ˵ǲ²ʲôԵɡ
ȨɳĬţ˫ȴǧܣżӡ
ȾܲסĬգٴοڵȨ˵Ŀģ
ǺǡȨƴЦлżּڽζȾѵ֪ҵĿ𣿵ǱҸϳңҵĨȥǷǵƵ̨ϣʹһݣҴźȻҪݺݱˡ
ȾеŭɫŨ£Ҫҳֹͻǹˣ㣬󾹻֪ڸģҪɱǣҳֹʱСֻ̨һѡ



1394 

⣿ȨָԼŭţҺˣһ𣿡
ȾͻȻθߣԳΪҪڰ룬ɱ
ȨŴ꣬ҲֳһĨʹ֮ɫ
ʵҲģֻѧԺȾһѵѣ˭룬ڰ˾Ȼ˴־Ȼôأգ֮侹Ȼնɱ
ʱҲŵһһ㶵ģǲڰ˼ˣ»ᱻɱ
ȨһֱڳĬȾɫøѿȨ˵
Ȩŵһ£ͻȻҲθûΣҾǺңÿˣҾҪڰὫһնɱˣ
ȨġȾŭһյȭͷ͹һɺɲܡ
Ȩеŭסһ£ȶƿ꣬ôǲǺʹࣿҵʹҲ١
Ⱦҧû˵
ǧȥԼģ㼵£ĻᱻϳңôᱻĨȥ֣ǻݣ
Ȩһһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǧǰһֵȨǣڰܲЩ
ΪҪǣȨЦŷʣģȥĺܡ
ǧҧҧںһ΢֮ɫȨ㵱ʲô˵𣿡
Ȩʼ磬һӲԵӣΪҪ˵кô𣿶ңЩϼһｫǸϳҵģں޲ȥ
ǧЦһ㲻
ʱվڴжţҲ䣬ѹַǳ
η˷䣬ɫ°ڱ΢΢ɲÿĻȣ˾޲ѡ
ͻȻ˵ȨڰǱ֪ټĴ½û㰲ĳ˵Լڰᣬɺڰڶ࣬ȥҲֲʲôôֻµЩˣΪǳ󣬺ͷʬ
εⷬ˵üأȨԺ󣬲ɪɪ
ҡȨ˫˲ż΢Ͳ԰ףǷģǲڰģ֪֮
Ȼ㲻ڰᣬǻе̧֪°ͣɫĮͿЩǼλϵ䡣
ȨŴ꣬ЩΪѡ
ҡκȨ˵ʵҲ֪ǱȥĶҳԺǾ˽ܴߣܿûӰ
䣬ȨһȻԹ˵˳˺Ȼ˿졣
ȨС˷һۣͷϵвͬһɲͬѰѹľ˵ʵȻǱϵѹס˰ɡ
治֪ü䡣
Ȩҡͷȫûͷ
Ӧһ㲻˵
ǧգ۾Щݵؿ˷μۣȨûʲôû뵽һʣ˵ʵˡ
Ǵʦǳ
ֻϧȨҲ֪ڰܲĶڰѾܲ𣿡ϸƬ̣ʡ
Ȩŷεüۣһ˲ֻñʴƴ꣬˵ûлȥ
ʲô۾˫Ԩ쳣
ȨŴ꣬һʱƮǲ֪˵Щʲô
˫棬һ¾֪вʲô顣
ǧҲƿʲôⲻɼ㶨Ȼ֪ڰʲôЩ˵Ȼ½ꡣ
Ȩҧ˫飬һȫ뿪ڵӡ
η䣬ɲһȻ֮ɢ֮Ҳ̱ϯˣôڰĻ᳤˭Ŀ
Ȩ΢һ£ʵܲסϵѹΨп˵˵˾
ǧͷζԭء
˾
Ȼ˾
ǧҧź촽һ˫ڱȻɫϯͻ˾ЩԾҲɹ˾ͺڰȴûκε֤ݣȨ˵Ǳסˡ
ʵЩ⣬ǵˮİӣǳѵĺڰ᳤ҲǰҪصˣֲõ겻˾Ӱԭһݳֵģʵ˻̿֡
ȷֽ˾ǧ۾ɫš
Ȩ׿˵ģңѧԺ˾ӡ
ǧĿ϶ˣ˾˾ӡϸϸЩϵģʱĲ࣬緢־ͺˡ
ǧü壬еɫŨ



1395 ڻ»

ȨŪþ²ѣ򴽰꣬Щվס̱ڵء
һ飬ڰЩʲôٴοڣ䣬ļ
Ȩ뿪ڣȴͷһҵĽŲ찡ԺһڳѧԺȥÿ°
ѧݱ˵ܿͽ뵽˴УԺЩɷģ˵ǻ᲻ǷѧԺ
ǷѧԺѧԺ棬һЩ˵ͷѧԺҲꣿ
ʲô
Ȼлˣ
ڰĿģûϮѧԺ
ǲԵ޹ϮѧԺģȻģߴĳֽס
ǧɨȨһۣŭȨǲǺͺڰʲôף
Ȩվ룬һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãʵû뵽ڰᾹȻûϮѧԺǾ൱ڻҪѪ¼ȻʱѧԺĻķʽҲʼϲ
Ȩ˵Ⱦŭȣһ˫ֽק½󲻷š
³Ȩ˼ۣ˷ѺһȨΪλҪ˺޹أ
ŭ𣬿ӻǲͣٷҶ
Ȩһ˵Ǻͺڰнף˵ֻҪȥңǾͻҽѧԺ𣬿û뵽ǵĻʽ
ǣ޴Ⱦ䣬Ȩһֱۣת뿪
˽룬ȥѧǡ
ǧͷҲ뿪ת뿪ߵʱǧȻתЦȻ޴ģڰײУʹʲôõֶΣѧԺĻףһҲԭ£
뿪Ȩ̱ڵء
ȷ뱨˻ȫȴûа㿪ĵĸоͷ·ʬ⳹ʧȥĿͶ
컨壬Ϻ޽ࡣ
˿̵ѧԺ˰ΧţЩ˸źѪ⡣
ǧǻʱ򣬿ı˱ѧԺĳΪʢ󣬴Թƴ˰ɡ
Щ˶ѧԺĻֻѧǷֵġ
ò԰׵ôѧԺţ
Ⱦˣ˫ֲɾһ𣬶ȴŭɫһֳŭɫ˷ǳ
Ȼôˡ²԰СЩ𾪵ؿǰһС
ÿ¡ͺñ޼һ㡣
Ļˡǧƿ֮꣬дɫЩƱɢκڰѪˡ
ǰͣˮѪˡ
~~~~~~~
ʱڲײѧԺţѧԺҡҡ׹·һҪǸˡ
ѧԺеѧͷ˻˵ĴڣضŶϣԷֹǵĽ룡
һ룬롣
ѧԺ֮УīָѧжָӵǿѧҲԸģһʱԭҵĳڱþȻࡣ
ѧԺ֮Сɽϣһٷվ罫˳Ⱦѩ½ǴһɲǼ续µİŸɾȴһĨɭȻ䡣
᳤ѾѧԺȥˡөϥأ
˾󣬴ЦȴƽһĨѪ֮ɫЩ˶ǾģҲ֪ЧΣյһˡ
ө󣬲˵ȷһɻ᳤ѾõҳǣΪλҪسŵȨѧԺ
˾Զ͵ЦǺڰȻŷɥܲʧ˳ţұЩˡ
өĪ
飿
ȥﶼ鰡ңѧԺǧΣЩȫֲʲôô
ˣҲѧԺֻ΢Щ˶ѡǿ뷨˾һЦκǧȷҾǿҵĻֵܵã֪ﲻ㣬ܼԸĽˣͲֻᷢ˵Ĳ֮
С飿
ө˽뷨ƿ꣬ɣ᳤˼ϸ壬õ취Ѱ㣬Ҳ׬ġ
˾ЦŨԶƺڵȴǧǵĵ
ʱ򡭡ǧǶһۣȥ
˿̣һֱѧԺĴŽǽȥֻܴӺںЩնɱɾ
Ϊ˲ǰĻˣǧȡȼĶذףĻ˴ȥ
һذ״µʱһ̵Ƥϣֱǧ˫Щ飬Щۡ



1396 ޴Ļ

ǧѾ˫֣üͷɽ壬Ҳһš
ⲻԾЩǰĲͬǰĻģһȥͻڵĻ徹ȻộƤһʹ̲
죬ЩǾ
ǧ˫⺧ȻŨŨ
Щ˵ô̲ȾܿҲ˻˵Ĳͬ΢΢ȣɺֱܿ
ǧƿ꣬ǵܼ̣ƤԿЩǾģǰԶԸˡ
ԣȾɫΪˣôӲȷѶԸǾ͸ԶԸˡ
ǧɫҲộּ࣬ȷǸ⡣
΢˦䣬ͻȻ˵ǰĻ»ڵĻ˲֪²ˣ
ţܿ촫ݵǧߣһ˫ʱȷʵǰĻ˺»ģһ㲻ҿһΡ԰ɣ
䣬ǧϵħһɲǣɫĻؼڣһĨȵ¶Ҳڿˣ˲佫طǡ
ܵеȶȣĻ˵һŵһ˿־壬ǰҲڲͣźˮˮµʱ񲻶ȼյ𣬷·һͻڻʧ
ǧˣǾϲܸΣǻ»ġ
ҵ㣬Ҫͻơη䣬һɲǣ°ڷƮɢҲؼ
ǧһٴ۳档
̣ǧСǧƣЩСȫɫġ
Եĺ˹һȻɱ֮
һ룬ǧһ˦Сͬһ㣬Ȼػ˵ķȥϸϸܣ޾ź˵ɱ
~~~~~Сµʱ򣬵˲һӣţһоȻѪⱻսĳζ
ֳζŸõĶ̲סҪŻʵܲסֳζǧűӣһóȻǻˣȫǸõĳζöİ
ְ˰Դ鲻䡣
ģ̌ͷΣ㾹Ȼܵס
ƿ꣬źá
ǧĴָʦǳã
˵ʱǧ͸Щˣ㿴ԡɫеĻǣȫǿ־壬ֱ𺣽ӵʱǷĲҽ


ҽ˷žЩëȻ
һеĻǣǧûʲô飬ȴǶһĨ⣬հհɣǺ˵Ķչ˶಻
ͬǰĻ棬ƿȷܺá
ʱȾȴǧȥۣЩȣһǿɼǧǰҪ˲١
Щ
˿һۣܿ콫Ŀ˻ȥ
̿ˮ͸𺣽ĿͶϣֻһԭأҲȫǾɫȾ壬쿴Щˣ
Ⱦ̧ȥҲһ¡
Щ˾ͬһ㣬˻֮Уֻʣһ̲ɫˮ찡Ȼڻˣ𣿡ŴǣԾһ
Ⱦ𾪣һʱ˵
ǧͷͬҲ𾪣ǧƿ꣬һ䣬Щû𿾵ʱӹ̷ǳõԽǴ̴һ˻棬ͬһ㣬ˮ֡
Ӧһǲ
ǧ«ưٴϵħһɲǣʣµĻٶȱȼգûãٴλɺɫˮκιˡ
ˣͱˡһսȻûκˣҲʵЩ˼顣
Ⱦ壬ˣᳶ°ڣЩŵʡ
Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɣڰ׻½ʱҪȴ˿̲һЩʱҲĻ˰
£Ҳ̫˰ɡȾҧȴ˼ֲ
ǧͷҲָо̫׷˲ò䱸
ʱվСɽϵ˾۾ͽµһо۵ףǿ˻ȼյĻ档
Ļ˼̣δܹͨȼյģǱҲУɴ˿ɼǧӵеĲδͨ档
ܻϹµĺöǾͺ˼ˡ
˾ϵϣһ˫ڴŨҵ£өǵĻ˻»´Ҫٸһˡ
ǡө񹧾ǧ۵Ļ沢ͨǷƷ



1397 ˰

治ǳӵеģ㲻һҲ޷ǵĻնɱ
ɻ᳤Ȼ˵ˣǾһҪ
өٽǵùҪٿһ˾Ŵ꣬е··дһŻ𣬿ȥޱȣرˡ
᳤Ҫɳөһѯʡ
˾ƿ꣬ģȻʱԿϷ
ǡө񹧾ܿ콫һ֧ɫȡ
ӱʱ򣬵һɲǣضɽҡʯѣѺۡʲô޴ĶҪˡĵؼ䲻쳹ǧ˫Уñ쳣ҿ϶Բͨĵ𶯣϶Ҳǵġ
ǧҧҧΨץŷε֣ûˤ
Сĵطסһ˫Ҳ񣬳ζ
ʱ򡭡ٴαѣѺԽԽ࣬ʲôҪӵص³ˡȾ壬ʲôҪӵص³ˡµɴ˫һӦǸӴĶȻô󶯾ġ
Ⱦǰû˵
ǧͷҲǰʱ򡭡ѵĵк˸һƺ⣬һ˫ɫ۾Ȼǰ
ͣգţѰʲôĿ꣬ʱѾֹͣˣ˫ɫ۾תź޽࣬ȴ͸ɭȻѪ
⡭ʲô۾
ǧǰ˫۾еϸڽΣգɫûб䣬ɵ糣
ʱ򡭡ֻáһһӵص´ܳǧһǱȸղŵĻ˻ҪĻˣ
˵˫ǰɫģϵƤڣвٵطѾõˣɭȻ׹¶мڿʳѪ⣬һ˲䣬ζӿ
ǧűӣЩؿǰ޴Ļˡ
ô󡭡ǶˣóĻܴ
ǧΪ޴ĻжҲܻ˭֪ȻܵûҪ죬һգۣǲʮԶˡ
ÿ죡ǧɾиӿˣһ˲ͣһȣôоЩϤأ
ʮ׵ľȻеԶҲ㹻ǧǻ˵ıò
϶ϣиõļ󣬵ܿǰӢһرϤǧһԺͻȻֳһ˵֡
Σ֪ΪʲôôϤˡǧʶץסε䣬Ǹ׳ҵİݣǱҾ˾˴𣿡
Ϊλڴ˴˻ˣ
ǧţŲԶĻˣüͷš
Ҽǵáƿ꣬˵뿪ʱڳУȴȻ˻ˣڰЩˡ
˵òȫϵĺۼ˵ǰ϶ŷ˵Ű㱻ƳɻˣЩŰۼڵģɺڰȴڵһʱҵʬ壬˵ڳҲߣֵȷ̫ˡ
ȾǵĻԺҲ˳Ĭ
ԭˣתͷƳɻˣָоǺ΢ġ~~~~~~~
˰ڵϣͬһڵϲУѸٱȸղŸˣ
ǧһٶ𣬡ѾɼΪĻˣȸղЩ˸޴󣬸죬ҲǵĽ塣
һȾµüͷٴν塣
ڰ˵ļѾô𡭡ԽԽĻˣǧҲȥ٣̽Ѫ﷨ȡɫķչɢ޵Ĺâ
ȾҲսơ
΢䣬һѩĳУһϢ·һǳ
˿Ҫǰʱǿٳ֣ȥƽﵨСų£ҲսµҪΪ˿˷еĿ־ֻӲͷƤϡ
˰ݱлҪѶԸӲ˵ǻǺ»һϵʱ򣬾ȻûбƵĺۼҲûһҪڻĺۼ
ɴ˿ɼ͸ղŵЩǲһģҷǳĲһȻ»𡭡ǧƿ꣬ģɽϵİѩҪԸˣͨ취ǲˡ
ǧȼյ棬˳˼̧ĿƵؿΣһͬʱħϵǻϵǿħ֯һҾͲ˲ˣ
ǿħ֯һͲŻ˻ûκˣ
һ˵ͷǴЦá
ʱѧԺ֮кһ궯


1398 ޴ޱ

ѧѾǸ޴ĻˣǴѧԺУֻҪһ̧ͷܿѧԺǽ滹ҪߴĻˡ
Ƥϵģ˫ǰģżΪѪϢη
ֻҪˣͻᷢ˱ȸղЩмĲͬһʵڿ£·ֻҪһžܽеһл
׳վѧԺ룬һ۾ܿĻˣɵݵʱ˫һ£ţǼֲŸ֡
ôôͰݳô񡭡ԣһģ̳ġ
ɰݲڰҾ˾ΪλͻȻڴ˴Ƴ˻ˣЩ˼顣
׳Ļˣһ㸴ɫ
ָ⣬ȥ濴ɵߵſڵʱȴѧסˣੲ
׳ѵ֪ͷлˣڳȥҪװ
ǰһȥԺǷĵģǺܺá
׳ҿ㻹ǲҪȥˣȻ츳ͦõģҲףֻ»鷳
˵ģ׳΢һ£ȥֻȷһ»˵˭֪ѧǾȻһоٳôףŪЩ˼ˡ
£׳λȥ濴һ£ȷϻ˵ݣеǿʯͷҲ¡
лǵĺ⣬мұҪȥȷһ¡׳ƿ꣬˵һ䣬ĪЩϤǰ׼ҵһˣҽҪȥȷϡ
ѧ󣬲һ£Ҳ֪ڰ˾ϲռʬ壬ȫƳɻˣ񣬻гˣҲûôȡ
ʶˣȥһ£Ҳ޷ġ
ȥذǻˣײˡ
׳ǰɣҺһͬȥɡīһϮɫۣ
ǻӣһڵĹһ˲䶼ˡ
׳ĻԺ󣬱øˣī蹫ӣҪһͬȥ̫Σˣ桭
ī蹴ЦͬһůΣΣҲ֪ǧҵѣѶ棬Ҳһֱ棬ⲻȥġ
׳ʶͷҲĸܣǾһͬȥɣī蹫лл㣡
īڰ֣ʾøлʲôġ
ҲǸųȥˣҲԼĿģлл
ɰ׳Ǻܸˣôͬȥеһ㺦£ʧˣʣµֻ֪
ĺĻˣǰݵĻҲ˵ѾҾ˾ĥ𡭡ȻѾµ˰ݵĽ֣ûпܻſܻ漣ڻ˶ˣ˵ˣĺܲҡ
뵽˴׳˲һ飬Ҳø˼֡
ī迴ĲԾѯʣʲôʶģ
׳ƿ꣬˵ЩСûпĻӦʶǸˡֻȻ
ī󣬲δɰʵףһͷʾ֪ˡ
ûЩʲô׳˿Ҳ֪ҪνͰˣݵܹЩʣټЩ£ʵڻơ
һ·޻ܿǧǻˡ
ǧ˲һ𣬻Ӳܵһй
ǧͷаͬʱǿĻϵϵħϵħչԣ⻪貣ҫۡ
ЩԶҲܸܵħ֮·һӾܽжǶ˿һ㣬ñˡǧŤͷͻȻô˵һ䣬ࡣ
Ⱦ¶һۣ˿
īͰ׳Ҳ̸ܵħ֮ýһЩԻᱻˣû˵ʲô˼
Ƕ˿ˣǧŽĿջأĵ˵ΣʱͬʱħͶȥҾͲˣôǿħֵܵס
֪˼ǳǳͷ
ʱһ紵˵۴죬һһ׵··һʥ⣬ڴ˿̿ǿʥַӡ
һǧƿ촽ʱͬʱħ͸
ɫ˲仯һʢĺֱֱϮȥϵħȻûһ޴ޱȵ飬ЩӾҲ׵ûɣ޴ֻҪϮܻɻҽ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǧɫӵϣ̻ϵϵһϸܲɷ֣ڷɶ𣬼צӴŻ泯ץȥ
顱һ㲻ħϯУ



1399 ǿҵĺɱ

Хײһʱûɵӫ⣬ӫС֮ڵĵط濾ݲֻҲܿǵߡ
һͿǰ浽׷ʲôˡǧͷվԭأȴǰ
̳ʵ̫ǸͿ壬Ҳ֪ǻ˾ˡһֿǿȾ˷ɫЦǷޣϬ
˵Щʱȫǵ٩Ūǧ˫һ죬ȴû˵
˵ǻ˱𣿡³ǰȥȴ̳ƣʲôƲ˵Ĳҽû
Ӧñ˰ɡ׳ǰŨ̹Щȷ˵š
ī°ͣһ仰û˵
ʱǰ̳ɢȥˣЩҲǧ𣬶ţǱҵĺܣһðŨ̡
ŨдŹֵζѲɣǻѾڻ߱У
ҲãҲƲˡ
ɻδ˾ϲ룬ºסǣͫҲʱһ񿴵ʲôµĶһ
ʱҲʶ˲Ծ
ͼ̳֮Уһ޴ޱȵӰٴ¶ĳجΣȻУȫʱӲŻȫ¶ʱ򣬱ѵĿʼ̳ȫɢʱȫ˿ȥʱһ
ˡղħѾǿˣȴûжԻκεˣͬղһģһ˿ڶûУֱ˼顣
ǧǰĻˣӲɵɴ˼֣ΪλˣǵѾǿˣΪ˾Ȼûκˣѵһ˺ɣ
ʱȾǵɫҲѿ˼֣ˣ޵ˣڸ½۳ңһһ
뵽˴˵Ҳ΢
΢䣬ƿ˵ȷЩ˼飬ħеĻǿԿ似
ħʦҲߣħΣ似ᰡ뵽˴ǧ˫ȡСȼĶذףŲħʦ似ʲôģˣ
ǧִеĶذף˫Өһ貲顣
ǧ似ΣīȾǻģǸȡһѰɢĹΣһΣյϢ
ºͰ׳˾ħʦ似ʲôĸͲᰡĻͳħ˫ˣҲ̫ţһɡ
Сֻʱ˵һߣΪźϺȵġ
жذձȻһ£ǧ񣬾ǧѩɽϵıѩþò
ʱɽ֮ϡ
˾ٷѩ׵Ļȣ˳ˮϸʱȴ𺣬˲
վһԵө˵᳤Ļ˵ǳһħܳ
˾ŤͷеǳǳһĹâȻģټʬԭĺܲңԹô㣬Ƴɻ˺Ȼǳ
ȻʬֻͨĻˣִǿԹģŰɱģǿĻˣ
һ޷ԸֻɻŶһС
ʬмģʱʬѾĥĲӣûһõƤ⣬ͼͷƤҲ¶ɭȻ׹ǣһЩɫճҺֽҲȫϣͷָףֺͷϤȥһǱɱġ
ɸ˾ģʬ۾˫۾˻ġ
һ˫ԹޣɱӣǳһףȴëȻʱͱ˫Ӹסˣʬ壬ɴûľʬǿҵĺɱ⣬ʬǼõزģǿĻˡ
˰ݵˣȻ󣬳ѧԺԺſڡ˾ָ⣬ŵɭɲһƷө˵ܲܽ˴򵹣
өŵµһУʵ˵õĶħǶȡʶʲôټǧͷΣֻǵĻҲԵֵ
˾°ͣٴγҪٶӸĽ
өһ´꣬ȴ
˾µؿŵµһУͻȻѯʣөҵЩɿû˵ʲôʱ
ө΢һ£ſ˵δЩϹͷӲĺܣһײӡ



1400 ִҪȥɱˣ

˾ɫЩѿƢȻӲ
өƿ᳤꣬ģ¶취Щɿڵġ
˾Դصͷξȫˡ
ө΢ͷһɹģ¶û᳤ʧ
˾ٴδͷŵµһС
ʱǧѾٳȥ
ȻЩħʦǵٶȼ죬ҲǿѷɫߣûһѾˢˢ˻ϡ

ԭʲôӦûеĻˣȻزҽĽЩˣй˵ëȻҲ·ܽ涼Ʒˡ
ҽµʱǧȻ֣ϾȻǸһѪɫĺۼ
ԣԭǹĻ˾Ȼˣȷħ˺似˺˵һҲôԶԸˡ
ֻҪߣַ˽аְ֣
ǧϲسοȥһۣЦΣ˵ùȻû似ܵ˺ȥĻҲֻʱѡ
ͬصͷѰ㣬ҲͲΪˡ
ǧеЦŨսҲŶ˼֡
ٴϣ˴ֱС
ĲҽҲ˲佫ѧԺѧסˡ
Щѧ˿ֲĻ֮󣬾Ǳųһ亹
찡ʲôΪλӴҲ̫˰ɡ
ǲǻ𣿺ڰĻ˰
ҴûôµĻˣڰǲҪ˰Ժ󲻻ᶼôӴôµİɣ
һѧ˲ĬҲ˼ֿ־壬պ󶼻ôֲôӴĻˣ˴½Ƕꣿ
ˣǶҪڰ۸ģ
뵽ѧǵٴһҡҡ׹
ʱȨס߳Ѿ¶Ҳ׼ٴʲôˡ
ѧһЩϲˣϾЩȫûмԺĿһİˣɰŻˡ
ǺˣΪλüȫǾ衣
վԵİͬҲһ裬ΪҪԺ߳ѵǺڰˣ
˵ԽԽףȨüʲôڰˣǵԺ
˽һ㶡
Ϥв˶Ѿϳˡ
ϤȷԺû뵽ԺȻӡ
û뵽ԺȻôᣬͶѧԺԺɡ
Ͱһۣеôβ㿴Ȩ˵ԭԺղʵðˣԺ
޷Ȩڰ֣ͻȻѯһ䣬ˣ
ѧ̽ղſȫ˵˵Ļɫֽǻ˵ޱȣȫܳ֡
Ȩһ죬ȻôӴĻˡ
ڰΣѪˡôͻȻе㲻ˣ̫ˡָ⣬ЦʵԺ˵ѧԺ赲˵Ϯ𣿡
ԶĻӴޱȣǧȴԵøС·һָͷŪһ
Ȩ۾˵˵
һЦǿڲϺͻ˷սǧǧڻеĻǾ̫ˡ
һתҲһ˷ܸУǧȴڲĶ֣±õʱ
ܸһĻʱҶУҲŽŤЦ
ܣҪȥʲôȨڣдżּ
ѸŤͷͷܾޱسѧԺȥûб飬ȴǾģҪȥʲôһ
һѲɣҪȥѧԺǽ޴˸ܣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ܽŲ΢٣ͻȻֵĻĲֹ֣ͬѧԺǵѧԺ½ݻ١
ģȨ˵ն
ڰѾӦˣѧԺģ㲻
Ǹޱӣȴ͸񣬷·ܿһУԺôֲܱ֤Ǻڰˡ
ȨĿ⣬Ӳɲһ¡
ƿǣ̷ϵ˶ܿѧԺģǷѧԺûκιϵңֻһССԺѣͺڰйϵ
ܿһۣûʲô飬Ҳû˵
ܣ㵱ִҪȥѧԺɱˣȨüͷĿһֱͶϣüͷҲ



1401 ս

ܶԶĻˣޱǵġ
ȨüͷøɫҲѿ˼֣ȻûмڰᣬϾͺڰŻᷢ顣
ΪԺڰѧȻҪȥѧԺæָо΢
ȨŴ꣬һʱ֪ôȰ˵ϾҲһ뵽˵Ĳ״ͻȻҪŻµĸо
ܹӣѧԺôͱȥ˰ɡ㿴ܣͻȻô˵һ䡣
һ㶼ϣȥȥˣöѧԺֵõһ붼˾ܡ
ûŤͷѧԺȥ
㻹ȰȴһסˣͱȰˣԭѧԺѧͻȻѧǵֿ϶Ҳ
˫β
üһּ˵ҪҲȥһְɣֻͷӽ
Щؿһۣȥ
æͷǰȥ֣ͷôֻ֣վΧһۣԲµġ
ӹµһתʵҲȥ濴ܿǧ˴Ǿٺòˡ
뵽˴㲻Ц
ҲЦȥҲġ
˵һŽߵͷֻվΧȫĺܡ
ʱǧɺͻ˲
һһȥ˲ĲҽͷƤ飬ͰԶȴĲҽ
̱һɪɪ
㶢Զпħɣǻ˿ҲǾȻܽ˴໽С
Ҳ˵ǺսʤĿܣҧΪź
ʱͻȻһܹӣܹӹȻһսˡ
̧ȥͼѾսУһǧϵļãÿһȥʱ򣬾ܴһ˵Ѫ⡣
ʬĳζҲ֮䣬ŷǳŻ
ƴűӣˡ
ǸصѧԺУʱ򡭡һ޴ͻȻ̵סͷϵߣͻȻţ̧һֻ޴˾ȻͷϷǱ˶ɼǿ
˽ĻǶᱻѹ࡭Ͱ˲ˣ̱ͷģǱĺܡ
˵ķɵúԶǧѾɳȥĻˣЩ˼ı죬ղʵ̫ˣ
ղû˲ע⣬ֱݵϴһȭ˭֪˾ûãֽһֱֱ˳ȥ
ɵķѧԺˡöѧԺûˡǧԿһۣʼ硣
̧ѧԺҴܵӰüֱӣǰûˡ
ʱȾҲ׷ͣ¶ŲϳԶȥĻˡ
ûãֻá顱һ죬ѧԺһ׵ĵط˺Ȼأ˲ضɽҡ۳ʮ֮ͬɳʯҲƽˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãַɳʯĳŵֹͣ
ǧסּͣ۳˲٣Žַ£˹Ȼͬ죬ֻᶪ䶯ĳ棬ͺǵһ
Ϊ޴󡣡ƿ˵š
ǧŵͷ
˵һ󣬺ƼĻٴվղȻ¾ȻȫָˣмԽսԽµơ
ǧˣӲ˹ȻǲͬģȻҪս˼ⶫúɡ
䣬ſȵս⣬ʼͦɵ˵ģ֪˻˵㣬Ҳˡ
ֻҪܴ򣬾Դ򵽻˶Ϊֹ
ǧ䴽һЦ
ڻû˼룬˼ĻԻᱻǼ򣬽Ҳ˵ǧ򴽰꣬üͷ˼֡
ιһЦδ˵
Ⱦʶһۣ̿ˮħ
Ȼˡǧ޸س°ڣǶʲôѵ׼ˣ
˵䣬ǧѾʼǣ׼ٽŰ򼸰£Ǹħ
ȾǼˣ̽ĿջأЦôܣֻҪ˶ǻвǶὫڵϴֻʧȥж˵
ǧһЦǳǶ׼ʱӭս
䣬̽˽еֱ֮˵սȡ
ﶼˣǧĴ겻˼֡
̧ԶȥĻ˿ȥͼѱڶܵһ룬Ȼת򣬺бʲô



1402 Ǽ

ǧˣգգ۾µˣܹģô͵תˣѲɣΧʲô
̧ȥײײСڵ㡣
Ҳ˵ڿ˵ĵطˣһˡﾹȻˣ˭ô˵ĵطܡǧƿ꣬Ķ
ȾҲˣﾹȻˣǷѧԺѧֵܳİɣҲȻֵط֣ûֻô׺
˭ôڴ˴֣ī賯ԶͻȻЩЦ
Ⱦҡͷȫ֪˵ĵϸ֪
ѱȻ߷
ýˣͻȻſӣʼޱѧԺͰ
ī費֪ˣȾȴǳѧԺŮѧŷǳǸ飬±׷ϣǱӦɡ
ǧֱ
ǳһЦֿǰƶСڵ㣬Ϊ
Ҳ֪˶ãͰܽˣ˿󲿶ϲҲ˲
ܹӣ׷ǣȾǰɡ
ȾԺ˾ͿˣǿЩ𡭡
˲˵ţɫЩǱ˫ȴȫǾ⣬һ֪ڴʲô⣬Ǹոܵ·ǿ׼ܹġ
Ŀľ뽫չǴΪ𡭡ѾôǱˣɾȻֶ񶾵С˼µŮˡ
ǧЦЦؿǣһ˶ңİɲ¶Ҫ۵ġ
˵ɫ۱䣬ǧ⻰ʲô˼
ǧǣ˸ž⣬ûʲô˼ǣǿɲǰװ׾˵ģҪͽң뽻ҾʹŻ뿪ʡİۡ
˵ЩʱȫԵɷ˲
Ͱ˲䱻סϸϸƷζԺ˵ɫٴһ䣬Ǻˣǧǳû٣˴ֻѰܹӵıӻѣʲôϵ
ǧǵ˿̻ЩŵѧԺĵ̣ǵĴ֣ҲǰǵˣҪѰıӻҲ൱ѰǵıӻյãѵӦã
˱ĻŪһһ㶵ģŴ꣬Ȼ˵Ļ
˰Σֱǿʶ
ǧʼ磬ȫûĽУѡһңŻ뿪ֱӽǶĿ
Ҫر֣һǷҪǵɫ࣬ܵĿڵʹ䶯Ŵ꣬̽ƽˡ
ŭѾȼܣϿܹӣ㿴ǧʲô˼ǶǷѧԺѧ϶ᱣǵģ԰ɣ
Ҳڴؿܡ
üͷ΢壬޸Ҳµûǵʱ뽫չɱǶͨˣǶҪ˳Ե
һͿ˶ԼС˼Ե˽ǳ
̴ԭأ֪˵Щʲô
ߵһߣȥǣҲûжǧĻҲͬģ
˲սƣй
ܵǵĺͲʣǧһЦ⣬ǷλһּΪĿ⿴ǣһɭ֮
˲䱻һҲӲˡ
ۿŻԽԽǧƿ꣬ЦʵǿǽңǳΪ˵Ŀ
ûҶ˵̴ӿռָȡӽңǧеĽңûһҪյ˼
ôգüͷЩֵؿǧ
ǧֵڴ䣬ЦرǷᣬѾѵʱ䣬۸ˣÿңڲ򡣡
ͰѪ
İ򣬿һңһҿööණɣħɣôȥǮׯ
ǧüһѾûʲôˣҵ޵ģ˾Ҫ٣Ǹ԰ðɡ
ȾЦģΨ²ңҾǻǱˣȥǾͳɻ˵Ŀʱ˭ǣǾ͵űðɡ
ٴһѧԺԺǧһҲħͰ̷ȡһҵݵǧС



1403 Һж

ǧӹңֵ˵һЦЩͺ𣬺ο໹Ҫһңֱޱ
˫ͨ죬ȴֲ˵Щʲô
ʱ򣬻Ѿɱܵʱѿͷ¶棬ȳҺľٶ⣬żճС
Ͱýһ㣬̾ͱ˵Һһ
һӣȳζ˲ڣŪ˼ΪĲˡ
˺öİȻ¿ˮֽϵĿˮȳζô
ҲˣˣȳζڣŪǲ㱻Ѭȥ
ǧǼˣ̺˼ʡñĵĶ絽
ҺЩҺڵϵʱ򣬾Ƿ̡һưð͸ЩǧϵЩֲﶼˡ
ңֻһϦ֮䡣
Ҳ˵˵ҺжǧȻ˿ȥֻϱҺĵطȻһɫİߵ㣬ģȥΪģͷ·ʬһ
ͰҲʶһ㣬ŵɪɪ찡ҺжĶǸղűҺˣ᲻
ǧϺɫĺۼЩ΢ˡ
ⶫӦʬ߰ɣ˵ǵ˻û
ûֻж˶ѡγǿһۣǳǳ
ǧ󣬲˻ԭûбʬ壬ǻŵģֻǻ˳ʬߣ̫ˡ
ʱͰھУֹȴûģٴ˹
ǧһٴ˲

Ĳҽϣ˱໽У˺׹ɭȻֶζ֯ŪĴһسһŻ
Ȼףƺûս
ǧ˫һᣬִذף˵Ǵ飡
ʱԶɽ֮ϡ
˾һȫУ˫УâǵܽҵĻˡ
өȥ¾òã᳤ҪҪѻٻ˺þòƳĳǿˣǱǧɱĻǸΣ
䣬өȻ᲻õģҲ˵εټϴźⱻŰɱʬԵüҲƽĸһЩ
汻ɱʵڿϧ
˾Ҳ뵽һ㣬ɫ˲ûްǳŵѾѪģĻˣſ˵ջɣϾǾģܲ
өٴδɫĵӡ
һٴ˼ת͹졣
֮ͣ¹ķ񱼶ȥٶȼ죬ֻգ۵˲ѾܵԶ
ǧˣЩüͷ
ǰǻʱٴ˾˻ȥѵаٻ
뵽˴ǧüͷٴν˼֣˽ٻȥˣҲ˵⸽кڰ͵
ȾҲһ䣬˱ˣˣٻȥǺĻ
ڰڸµɴ˫Щ˵ǲֻҪҳˣܸҵڰܲˣ
ǧҲȻ˫ԣֻҪţҵ
ڳǧǼʣµī裬ܣ׳ǸͲ֪ΪҪȥѰҺڰܲ
ڰⲻ
ΪҪҺڰܲīüͷЩʡ
ȻīĹϵִӣǾǲ֪ǧֻǿһۣ˵
ȾŤͷ˵һ䣬ֻЩҪȥܲ˽ѡ
īһֻΣյĺܣڰܲǸأΣصĵطҪȥ
Ⱦٴο˵֪ΣգǲȥֻΣա
³ںڰܲ˵ʱûΣգɺڰ˽ƻĺܣʲô鶼óټϺڰỹиֵҩǲӣǳһЩܹĵҩ
ʱ򣬳ֻܳΪܣԹˡƵǾƷڰ˵õǸΣգѶԸ
뵽˴Ⱦһ
ī迴һۣʼ벻ͨǵҪʲô
ģȻеİɡʱºԶСɽӰڻζ˫ٴһǿСɽϺˣղŻ˺ҲǸȥġ



1404 

һǧǵ˫Ȼ
ǳǸȥͼСɽϹȻӰһڸղŵĵҲǴСɽǱߴġ
ǧ˫֣СɽϵӰȻǺڰˡ
οһۣʹԶҲܸܵɢ˶ȻǺڰ᳤
˾ǧüһ׺˸һȻ֮ɫ
εͷ
ͷǧеɫŨǸȥ
Ȼܲҵ
εϵĺɫڷ죬Ϊ١
ҲȥȾǰһ˫·˱ˮ֮Уǳ
īһһͷˮո˵ʲôܲȻֳڰ᳤ˣ˵λ᳤Ȼͻ˾֡
ǿǵѧԺĵһˣµķչҲǼõģͻȻ˵ѲǺڰ᳤ˣ
īֻԴͻͻͻЩۣղǵǷҲһš
ƿ꣬˵Ҳһͬȥ
ǧһۣȴͻȻЩͬ˵ȻǸ٣ǾͲôȥֻҪңΣȾһͬȥͳˣѧԺмػһʲô鷢أ
ī΢㶣ּȫ棬ֻõͷ
ȴЩڼؿȾһۣȾȴûпһۣһͬǧģ
±˱죬ͻȻˣ˵Ҳȥ鶼ԸԺǧ뿪һֱСɽĵط׷ȥ
Ͱ뿪ķ򣬲һڸʲôҴҵģ˵ʲôҪȥڰܲɣ
һ⵽īİңЦʱȻ⣬һݣȫ˪̾ͽһ
īߣ㽫Ŀջء
ͰſˮСī迴˼ۣ˳ÿΣҲͦ⣬ȴ֪˭Ȼҿźù
ѧԺʲôʱյôѧˣ
˶һۣ־ղ̫ãŤͷߡ
ԭشһҲˡ
ʣµīվԭһ뵽ǧѰҺڰܲʵ̫ΣգǲܸȥҲֻˡ
ʱ
ǧһֱں棬ŲԶľ롣
˾өٻ˻Ժ󣬱ת뿪׼ܲȥһξ룬ЩԾ
˾üͷϵİɫ۴һȻ֮ɫڸǡ
өһ󾪺Ѿ뿪˰ʱʱ棬ǸûвʲôҲ˵ЩǳԼϢҪǻ᳤ֻڵִܲʱ򣬶Է֡
᳤ǵǲǧǣөͻȻһ䡣
˾⽵ٶȣɫسһǧǣ˭ˣͱǸסˡ
өüͷ᳤¸Σ
˾üһЦݣǾǸźˣȥܲ·ϻػȽ϶࣬жΣкǱˡ
ө˫𣬡᳤Ӣ
˾һЦһ˦·оȻɫ֮ȫŵζǱǴ˵еĶΡ
ֻҪһڣͻж֡
ŨҵĶΣ˾ͷһЦƣǼȻЩɣңûôʱǡ
䣬өһ뿪ЩӣŨʱǧѾŨҵɫС
ǶסڱǡμƲ̿˵һ䡣
ǧȾҲ֪Щɫʲôöסڱǣˣǻһ㡣
ЩζţֻһһѣϮǧȾ˻ԴЩվסš
ǧȻۣ⣬ȻжˡиӦһ˦赲ǰɫԶһЩǰһҲ
̴ӿռָȡƿⶾҩݸǵȥȻεʱͲжˡ
ǧ֪ⶾҩֱץͷ¡
Ⱦkһ
½ⶾҩԺڵĶػȫˣԭЩѣУھȻüΪȸտʼ״̬ҪãֱԱΪҩˡ
ʱ򣬸ոձԶĶһξ£ǰһһαˡ
ȾǰĶΣüͷղŻúõģôͻȻͳֶˣ
ǧҲͬɻЩͻȻֵģȫûκԤףҲЩεĳֲʧȥټֻڴ˴ǻ



1405 Ǳ

Ǳˡγſָ˳ָʹڶҲԵ÷ÿ
֣
ǧüѾСˣᱻ֡ǻ᳤СĽĺܡ
ȾüͷšƻЩڸǵټڽЩȫɨҲѰǵټˡ
Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣˭֪ȻͻȻֶΡİ
ǧ°ͣͻȻЩοȥΪŨأҲͨ취ܽİɡ
Ⱦһɫøǹʱġ
ǧָ⣬¶һĨЦ˭˵ء
ڰĶеĸ߶ˡ
ǰһжɫڵŵģǸµ·򶼱治ˡ
ȾǰһУеȻЦʧȫ½Ǳ꣬·ȫڸǣǸαָȥأ
нⶾҩֻҪⶾ֮С΢䣬ǰɫٴαһЩµ·Ҳܿˣƿ꣬߰ɣӦܽǴȥġ
ǧȻηεģ̸
ȾҲˣ̧ŸϣʦһССֵܵס
һ߻ӿǰĶΣһߴߴǿЩߣ˼󣬺ΧĻľȫˡ
ЩɽҰҲ壬͸͸ġ
һɲǣȫСʬ壬пήֲʬ塣
ԣЩǶθɵģɼжôĶ
ŵһ߾߶ʬ壬ǧֻеͷƤ顣
ĺöɭеĶȫˡǧƿ꣬пһ䣬ȴΪĲ
ҲϵһпУЩӦǺγɣǺڰƳɻأģǰЩϲûеֿȥ
ǧһɫٴαѿǲѰҵڰܲ·ͷЩΣЩ񡣡
˵ڰܲ϶طˣȾü뵽һ㡣
㣬ǧ˫ٶûڰܲطܲһٵģֻҪ߳ΣӦþҵҪҵĵطɡ
ȾṴһĨЦٴγüϡ
˼ĻЩĶֲǵ״ЩЩġ
ǧ̽ĿջأͻȻΧЩԾϤϤһֱڶ𣬿ǽŲʲôֵĺܡ
ûʲôǧ֮ͻȻһĨ档
ǣϤϤ𣿡Ⱦ΢üͷ
ǧһ̵˵ͷûͺʲôһܾЩ֡
ֵͦġȾšüȫҵġ
ʱϤϤˣѾϣͿҪͷųһ
ǧһݣಡĹŹ𣬾ͷ·ʲôͶȥһ
˵ĶΣܡʱǧͻȻǰһâżɱȻϢǣǧŸոշӦûü㿪ͼɫѾƿնȻɴ˫衣
ʱ򡭡һ˫ֽץס̽Σ֮أ
ǧһıһůĻУŤͷһ˷˫ӣ֮лżֹ֮⡣
ƿ꣬ѯʵ°ɣ
ǧһҡҡͷ¡סˣȻҿ¡
һղƿշİǶһԵϣĹâʹ˷ε˫ƿ꣬ĮֻҪڣͲ¡
ܵеǧһ
ղôĮǵˣ뵽˴ǧһЦСķε䣬£ô࣬Цһ°ɡ
䣬ǧַ촽ߡ
ܵϵȶȣοһۣûû湴ǳЦһ¡
ǧˣҲ˼֣ð͸Цһ£ղͦ˵ġ
ͷһ£˫Ҳø˼֣⸽ӦûаǶҪСһЩ
ǧһͷ֪ղҲ̫ˣ´ҾԲˣԻһЩ㵣ġ
ӦһеĹαø͡
ʱȾǶϵİҲжΣаڰ¶Ҫˡ



1406 Ǻڰ׻~

ϵİɢ⣬ɱԡ
Ⱦ۾Ҳ˲˼֡
ǧȾȥƿǻǰڲ𣿡
Ⱦƿ꣬ЦȻ˷Цǰǻǰڲ𣿲ܣԲܣ
ǧֵڴ䣬һ廪üҲȫǸ߰˵ܺڰʲôСǶһһǵóѡ
ȾЦŵͷеľӨɫҲ˼֣ԽǧĿͶϣﻹǳĴʦǰڲأ
Ǽ·ɡ˵䣬ǧֿһǶϵİǰɱǺŨġ
һ̽Ŀ˻
ʱ˼ǰ·
λǰ·ÿһߵúȣڴڼҲûгκεİΣյĶǰĶλڣþòɢ
ǰƯĶΣǧƿ꣬ЩξȻδɢж೤أ
󣬴ƿҲ֪ж೤ǰ·ӦûЩΣ뻹Ҫ߼ɡ
ǧһҲûʲô飬Ƕڣ·ٳһЩҲ޷ġ
Ǿ߼ˣڣǶû£͵ǽκˡǧں׺¶һʵģ
ͷģȫǳζ
˵Ⱦǳһ£ȴʲôû˵
Ҳ֪˶ãǰĶɢˣǰһƬɭֵиõ̫⡣
ǧˣһǴӶ߳ˣҲӳˡ
ܵ¶ȣȾͬҲһܼһˣղڶʱʵڰұˡ
ǧ󣬲Цǰȷܽ˱ǶεζʵżˣѾˡ
˵ţС϶ʱһĨΪõЦݣĨЦӳԵÿǳ
СϵЦҲ˼֡
ǧܿһ£طľԾһɭ֣νĺڰܲҲ֪ںηѾȫʧȥˡ
⡭ǧ䶯Ŵ꣬ϺЩѿˣΧȫľҲʧȥ˾ټӦĸλأ
ȾΧһۣ˲䲻
۾üͷҲšǰƬɭֺܴ΢߽һЩʧУҪҵڰܲĻѡ
ҲһܣǧҲ۾˲Ͳ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãβſ˵Ǵߡ
ָķǱߣǸһСС䣬Ҳ֪ͨηͺǾ޵ͣȴǽȥ
ΪҪǱߡǧŤͷһ䡣
ƿ꣬ǱЩڰϢܵŨ㹻˸ˡ
ǧһҲϸϸһ£оһЩںڰϢ˫һŷεĿҲϲΣıĸһôζȻŵóˡ
ƿһЦĿˡ
ãǾ߰ɣҵڰܲġģ̌°ͣһηεСģ
ٴƿ꣬еЦŨܺÿ
ȾҲ÷ǳֻ΢һ£ųڰζֱİ
ɣǾߣȾƿ꣬
Խߣ̫Ҳطǻɵģ񱻻𿾹һԵЩޣֻ谵µĵطȷʺϴڰܲ
ǧһΧֲҲûһ⣬ѾһҲΧһϢûУ񱻻𿾣Ҳһŵĺڰ׻
طֿ¡ǧջĿ⣬ٿڵΧȫǻɵģһ֪ʲôطڰܲ϶С
ȾһɲųֻҪҵܲҵˡ
뵽˴ȾĽŲ˼֡
Ⱦߵ죬ǧͷҲٸȥ
ֻڰ׻ĵطܴöûߵͷֻǿѾѾľʲôûˡ
ͷ·ֻһɵĹطʲôڰܲǲڵġ
˲δɳɭ
*
ڰܲ
˾ϣһӣ汻һͼڲƣ̬ǣէһۿȥһ㣬ȻǺɫġ
ַӵְϣ̹Ȼǰϻһˮ򣬶ˮͷɭֵľ



1407 ʱ

ɭ֣ǧˣˮ֮Ҳ˵ıӳյ쾡£˾˼ۣЦһָᴥǰˮ򣬻ǧ軭һ£ЩްѲ⡣
өվһԣѾƶΣɭֵһüҲŽһ
ɭֵǺڰܲĵطȻڽʱжΣһЩ۷Ķһǲҵġ
ǣǧǲͨˣټ֮лҪΣͬǻ᳤һĪˣֻҪҵڰܲǳ顣
ǰǵܲطֻڻ᳤ˣǲŽܲǨƵ˴ΪǸΣҵĺõطȴձҪ¶
᳤ôȥǳҵܲġөƿ꣬˵һ䡣
˾ӦһƺԤϣֻҪзڣҵҲֻʱѣĪǣʲô취ֹѰ𣿡
өһ˲û
Ȼûа취ֹǵģǳʮҲһֹѵҪɱܲ
ǡөһȴ˵һȻ
˾һۣûȥȡһЩ˲þҩЩϲǹͷӲ𣿵ǳЩҩԺҵҪǵĹͷжӲ
˵Щʱü󣬿ȴѬȾһĨɫѩɽϱıѩþò
ө΢΢һɲ֮оǶһĨ
ԭھ˵ЩӲϣ˭룬ǻ᳤ȻôķӣҩþǻǼõģ
ЩҩҩЧˣǶȻֵסөƿ꣬ЦŨЩ᳤ķҲǼõģȥ졣
䣬өҪת뿪
˾һΣһΰסˣөȥһЩʵǵȥ·ǲô
өüһ᳤Ҫʱ䣿
Ȼ֪ڴʲô⣬өǹصͷףҼʵˡ
˾ַԸ˼䣬Ūөһͷˮ
ټˣʰ᳤Ҫ
өȻɻ󣬵ϸʣֻһһͷŬá
뿪Ӱ˾˸һ΢⣬ãֽĿͶˮϡ
ˮϵӰ˾еĹâҲԽ˼֣ΪԭعԹԵȴ
ҪϵĻǾǺˣֻǡ
˾Ŵǣ͵Цü֮ȥֻʣһƬĮ
*
ɭС
ǧһӣƬɭֻ谵ȴܾĳطڹ۲ǵһһ
飬ܱһ
ǧſˮָֻоǳŪЩˣûиоʲôڶһ
κȾȻҲָо
üͷһ壬δ˵
ȾȴšüͷһصڰʲôŹֶУҪ֪ǵȻкְܶ취룬ǵȷǱˣҲ˵ڰܲڸ
ǧͬصͷֶξˣµǣǿǽ᲻ʲôֶΣԴʱ䣿
Ⱦ΢΢䣬һ׺֮⣬㱻ΣǻҵܲҽǾȳġ
ҲǡǧһͻȻһֲĸо
˾ǻܲԹԵƣ
ǧüͷϸ֮־ò̫ᡣ
Ͼڰڶ࣬һϦ֮ȫߵŪֱ͸˵һ
뵽˴ǧеĲҲһЩ
δһۣ΢ЩͷԴеЩС
ܵͷȶȣǧС̧˲乴Ц
ЦˣεҲüã䣬ɲǺŵζ˲ƮҲƺطгһЩ
ʱһϤϤΧ
һ죬˿Σͷ·ǹһǧ˫ü֮Ҳһɫһ
κȾҲЩ˫۾Ȼ
ǧ½ŲɫڷƮ裬ɴȹõĹ˳ɢ廪ϢЩȴĸо
һͻȻƿ꣬³װŪġ
䣬ֻáļЦϤϤڶ𣬽ţڻɵؼ䣬һܵӰǰ˸š



1408 µ~

ಡ
Ӱź·ǰƮƮȥƮеٶȺܿ죬ƮȥʱֻһӰʲôˡ
~~~~~~~
һƮһ߷ЦǵӱȽСˣֻͱˣǧǲһˣǸûһµ˼ȫζڿʲôСһ
ǧüڲˣǺڰ˾ֻװŪ𣿡
شǡĹЦЩˣ˾;ЩЦǿģֻΪӪֲĸоѡ
ǧۣ˵ĵĺϲҾʹ󷢴ȱǵˡ
䣬ǧȻֱ֣ץסǰһӰĴһ˾һܿ㱻˵ϡ
ǧһΣٳֽʹһ١
˱ðǣȫȻûʲôװŪˣ˼˲͵Ӹһ⻹Ů
ħ
ϢңЩˣǧ𴽰꣬Цò÷ǳЩװŪ˶ѣǲҪ£ȫһپͺˡ
䣬ǧٴδסһˣһ˲ҽ𣬾ͬɱһ㣬ͦҵġ
κȾһۣҲȻֽЩץڵϾһᡣ


۰ְ
ҽ˷˶ĤЩۣǧ䣬һ˴֮˸Щ˵ǶǸ᳤赲ǰİɣ
ڵϵܹʮˣǶźɫۣؿڴźڰͼ꣬ҪҲ
ʮĶӣڽӴԷı̱֮ʲôϻ˵һ飬ҳϲģ
ˣǧҲ⣬ֻЦøӲˣҪֳĬҲԣǾͱҶЩʲôˣҲϣǽȥҲܼ֡
ڵϵʮЩؿǧһۣǲ֪Ҫʲôܸо˿һĨֱŵģǼҲŴˡ
ſˮȴʲôû˵
û˵ǧŭЦøӿӿռͣȻͳһƿҩۣЩصصģϲŪЩŹŹֵֹҩۣʲôЧĶУȴ˼˵һûôˡ
ָоӦзȨˡ
ǧеСƿӣʮȻɴ˫ֱ϶ʲôöǶҩʲôġ
ʮٴĶӣͻȻһֳԼǰ̽ȥ
ȾͷκܿʶԣǿٳٴνʮסȾǵǰһͣͳһϸСҩۡ
ЩҩǶҩֻҪմȾһЩͻ᳦öʵĺܣԭһ֮ܺñȱǣסǿ
£ǵСĻʶƣҩֱֻˡ
ʮһǰܣǧǵĿҲ˲
νҩ۶ڵϣϵħֻһ£ЩҪɽ̿˺ʧҩЧˡ
η䣬ߵǧǰղ̶Ծ¶ҩѾ٣Ҳû취Ծˡ
ǧһЦĿͶϣЦùǳǾȻҪԾ
ʮɪɪǧĿҲ˼ɵ
Ůħ𡭡
˺£ǧŴ꣬ЦøӹˣȻЩڶǶɱأ
䣬ǧζеƿӣеĶҩѾûˣҾʹ󷢴ȱǳҵҩƷɡ
ʮɫ԰ס
󷢴ȱ
ܲܲҪִȱ
ǧûеһһӣƿӵЩҩ۾ȻϤɵУ㲻ȫȥ
ЩҩɫζһΣֹܵȻڡ
ʮȻԼĺƺҪЩҩ۸ٳǹãǿٳĶһЩʳһЩ֭ŪһζرĶġ
ǧ۾Щõ˵ţǾٰܿɣЩҩ۶ƵģڼڶѾˣοڶѾˡ
ʮ˵ĶȻֹǲŵؿǧһȫû뵽ӡ
û뵽ǧҩۣɫζڼҲ֪Чεġ
ʮϸʱͻȻоϴһУסûһŨңȫơ
ʵܲס̳ۿʼֱָϼʱǲ̾һ
һԽԽôֹסˡ



1409 ⶾ

Ƿȥӣȥ٣ȥץҲֳһѪۣЩѪӳŵùǳ˿ЩͷƤ顣
δȥץǺķңҪƤȫĳ嶯

ЩʲôȫоǧСһ
찡ܲˣƤ
ǲץĶȾϵЦݺһܾóѪֶŮղŸǳԵҩۣͨ𣿡
ǧһۣЦЩˣȻͨˣǸġһֻҪôһ㣬ЩͻһһԽԽ״̬ǲȥӵĻܺһЩһ˽ȫݣ˵ɣʲôʱܹסأ
Ⱦһһʱ侹Щ˵
ǧƿֵ꣬ʹɣʱ̣̲סʱ治ܿסԼ֣һһ£ǱĽȫ⣬ɾͿˡ
µǣ⻹һ
ȾŴ꣬ٴθܵСֶŮаƿ꣬ͻȻЦСֶŮȻĽȻܱƳôۡ
ǧǫѷǼ˱Ƚ
Ⱦһʶοȥ
ѵǷΰһƵģ
ɷβʵµĴʦôƳôµۣ
ҲȾȥȴûж˵Ҳ֪ЩۣȻǿռֻŪġ
ֻȴôʲô
ʱʮڵϣͱĥĲģЩѪ۾ŵһ÷Ȼֹ欸С
ҲǧĻ˲ŵû԰ס
ǻΪֻǼʱֻۣҪǼ˼ʱ㲻£˭֪ҩ۾ȻάһֻҪ˻ţҪ⣬ԽӾͻԽ
ӵĻͻһЩĻʱ̲ס˯ʱܻһ¡
ˣҪꡭʮ˵г˾֣ԸֶҩҲԸĥ˵ۡ
Ҫһ⣬֪ͻش𡣡ǧƿ꣬˵ţ֪ҲشĻ͵űɡ
ʱʮѾסˣûܣҲûɱĻᶼûˡ
ء
ǷſңҺӡ
ʮ˲ϰ˫죬ͣ
ʲôǾʹʲôҾͻǽ⿪ӣǾüЩɶǧٴοڵǸոǴӺڰܲİɣܲжˣ
ʮʵܲˣƴ𣬡Ǵܲģܲˣ᳤ʹөڡ
ǧصͷһӣϵӱˡ
һõͷţƴӻ߷ĳ
⣬˭شĻܵõ۵ĽҩǧζеһҩƿЦħҩʱϵ⣬ĻҲóĽҩ
һʮ˷׷ÿǧ
ʵܲסˣͬһ㣬
˵ֻҪǽҩʲô˵
Щʰɣʵܲסˡ
ϵһѪۣǧֵڴ䣬ɤдźüֵ⣬⸽ǲǺڰܲĵضˣΧǲǻʲôأ۷
ʮ˺ԥڰȷ⸽ֻҪһ㣬ҵ
˲ʼįٽӿڵΧ۷ģߵﶼһҵڰܲΨн۷ܳ׽ڰᡣ
˿һ۷Ҵǹȥ
Ҳᡣ
ҲᣬұǽĶҪã
ʮֺȫһõģǧζ˫ֻأͻȻ˵ֻһԽҩҲֻͳһƿԵ˭Ǹõҩ˶أ
һʮ˷׷׵ɴ˫üΪĿ⿴ǧǿͷĹǣ¶̹⡣
ǧеҩƿӣЦøӿãһѽҩƿһϣǾ͸ɣղǵһشҵģٶǶӴ
ӵҩƿ˿ٽҩ£һɲǣϵЩ񶼱ɢˣȻˣĲˣ
ҲˣĲˣƿҩ氡˲ϴЦȫԼĴ
˹ȥȥǸҩƿһǺȻҩƿȻѾˣﻹʲôҩ



1410 ܲ

ˣǧٴһЦ͸˵ˣҩֻһݣһ˶ˣôʣµأ
ʣµľϵһһϯǵ񾭣
ǧʹģ˿ûκͬɫƿ꣬Ц˭ǻش̫ˣôĻھܵõҩ˰ɡ
һʣ¾ү÷ߺ޵Ŀ⿴Ѿⶾˡ
ЩίűӣشĿܹ
ˣһ⣬ϣܰѿغôʱ䡣ǧǣȾһĨЦ⣬ȴɭһƬ
ʣµľ̵ͷȫǿ
κȾվһ࣬ǧģҲͻȻ˼ǲδǰǾš
ǧ֣ٴƿ꣬˭Ըǽ⿪۷ȻٰǽڰܲĻأ
һʣµľ˷׷׾֣еļŨء
Ը⡣
ҲԸ⣬ѡҰɡ
ңԸⰡ
ǧ˫ֻأؿǣƺ˼Ҫѡ˭
ʣµľŸ뾡취ע⣬Ͳǰȥˡ
κȾվһ࣬˲䱻ǵķӦŪ㶣Ҫ֪ڰĿɶӲͷǽǺݺŰҲ˵йغڰκ顣
ڣǾȻҪѺڰᣬЩ˼顭ʲôģ
ʱǧ˫ֻأȴûȽҩó˵Ƕǰ·˭Ƚ⿪۷ǽҩ˭ġ
һʣ¾˾ֵҰһ׷׳ڰܲķȥǧⲽ
κȾ˹ȥ
һӻ谵ĵطʱЩͣ˽ŲǧһطΪžΧҲûа
Ƭطٶǿήģ˶ǺģҲȫ޾˵Ƥûаˮ۵ĺۼżΪĿ¡
էһط죬Ҳûκν˺ﾹȻڶŵĺڰܲʵˣܲڴ˴ֻǱ۷ס˶ѡ
Ѿǰɣǿ⿪ǧǰһУ
κȾҲʱ̽䱸طĺܣвܾͻᷢЩʲô
Χǹһ㣬Ҳûʲô鷢
ټǾѾĥĲӣûˣʲôˡ
ǽǰ۷ٶȽ⿪۷⿪ʱ򣬻谵ΡĺڰܲȻǰ
ǻ͸һĻһĻµĶ˲֣һֹϵϢǧǰĺڰܲüĲš
ڰܲܺڰΧһЩЩЩģЩ֮ϾȻɫĻ䡣
ЩϸСڷоŶʮִɵϻĻµʱ򣬾ð˹ܵЩɢΧɫֲȫˣܽ˿
Ҳ˵Щɫ侹ͬһЧܽĳЩܽ·ǳ
ЩϻһȺѻվݶϣ˫Ѫ۾ŵµˡ
ѻΪֻһַǳ
ڰܲڴ˿̿ΣյĹű˲
ȻһںڰеˣסĵطҲͬˣ
ǧ۾ط˸顣
κȾˣԽԽطѹ֣
Ⱦͦģһҵط˲ȴȥһӲ̣̫嶯Լˡ
Ѿ۷⿪ˣǲӦýҩң
԰۷ҽ⿪ģҩӦøҲŶ԰
ҽ⿪ģ϶Ҫҵġ
ʣµľ˲ƱҪҩᵽΪܹõҩͲ˼յˣȻһŤһ˲׵ġ
ǧˣһ£ɷӦԺǵЦݸŨˣȱҪľǽ뵽ܲǰ·ܰǽĻؽ⿪ٸǽҩ˵Σ
Ťһľ˺֣ͣٴüΪǧ
ǰͲͷˣͱϵĥˣĻʱȥͷ
ֻץסᣬϵ⣬ǧηԸǶҹԹԵģ
˹ɣǧЦò÷ǳǻʲôȥɡ
Ǿæͷǰֺ뵽֮ܲС
֮ܲɺڰһȥһɸΪŨҵϢƮɢڱ䣬һںڰϢŨңţŻ



1411 

ǧǲüͷɫҲѿ˼֡
֮ܲ΢ЩأȴǾ˸ƽˣԣһ·һΣնûУرʣڹɢһ
ǧһܲʵڿտĺܣҿȥ壬һӡ
ǲ˵ܲôᵽڻûһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣܸоһյĳǱһ
ǧšüͷһĺϺµģûһǺ˲٣ǰ·ľˣɫ֮һɫ
ûãǾ˱ܲĴ
Ǻɵģ߻вȼյЩɢĻ澹Ȼɫģȥ͸һ˷ǳ
ǧһۣٽĿ˻ȻǺڰÿһڰȫûһա
ǺڰĴֻҪﵽûκλصвˣܰȫ
ǰﳬȫʲôʱ򽫽ҩǰ
ǶѾǴطˣǲӦԼ˰
Ǿੲݵ˵ţеĿԺӡ
ǧǿ˼ۣһζЦݣȻѾܸøңǼץҳϵױˡ
Ǿ˶һۣٴ
ܲĵУҴǹȥ
ҴȥϤˡ
ҴȥҴ
Ǿȿֺ󣬳һȺܻңҵĳ澹Ȼûоκˣһڰ˳֣ʵЩĺܡ
ǲ˵ܲ𣿡ǧָ⣬ü֮ɲһɫΪʲôǶôȴûһ˷ǣǺڰ˲Щ𣿡
ǾԾһ£ɵǰڰ֣˵š
ǻ᳤ȫȥ˰ɣǺڰʱģ֡
ѽǺڰƽﻹǺæġ
˵ģǧĵǰ˲٣οȥͼҲڿü֮º͵ĺܡ
šһüͷû˵
ֱһճǡ֮󣬷ƿ꣬˵ȥнҳɡ
ǧҲ£ŤͷǾŸˣǰ·Ǵȥ˵
һҪȥΣȾĿ˲Ȼұ𣬵ǻڣҲҵǰĻԻͣ
ڰẦˣŹ
ˣǸȨǾһеؽǴ뵽֮Уλ谵мֳʪУĻʵڶӵĺܣλס᲻ʲôġ
ԽǧŵһѪζһֺŨصѪζһʣӦǲɱ˲á
뵽˴ǧüͷš
ʵģŨصѪζǳǳʲô˰ɡǧȹڣ̼ӿ˽Ų
κȾҲʶԾŲҲȻӿ˼֡
ȵ˵֮еʱǧȻɴҲЩҡҡ׹˼ǲš
ȳϵģ˭ܸµ龰ô£
ҪȵǻĳϣǵѪкĳϡȾŵϵһ߾ʬ壬Ѹٷף˫佹ȫޣҲΪʲô죬ΪξͻȻˣڰ᲻ǰΪλҪɱ
ĳɳÿһ춼û뿪Щϡ
Щ϶ѾˣȻĵκ˶ܺá
СʱܵƤɳǶǼΪݵġ
ͽǵүүˣֺ׺׵үүΪʲôҪΪʲôȾԴȻ԰׵ģһ俪ܵĻȴϧ
Ⱦ塭ǧǰҪļ
Ⱦû˵ɳԼС
ǧŴָ꣬΢΢һ£Ž˻
Ⱦҧó·ǳקžͽǾ͸˵½ŭȵΪҪɱǲҪΪͻȻʹɱ֣
ǾҲǰĻɱˣϵⶼˡ
ǲЩµ˵š
Ҳ֪ǾǺڰͨЩˣûʲôȨ֪ϲԱʲô
԰ʲô֪ʲô֪
ϲԱҲ˵ҪͻȻɱҲ°
Ǿ˿űԼľģǸģ˶ЩˣĲ֪ʵɡ
Ⱦǵ½˫絶Ҫٴ



1412 տ

ǧվһ࣬侲һЩɵЩȥĳϺۿǺ˲١
˵ͳǵĽʲѪĸоΪʲȷɲ˵УҲҪʱ򱬷
ƣ˫죬Ҫˡ
νְļϣȴʲôû˵
Σ˵ΪʲôҪôǧƿ꣬ƣܡ
δ࣬Ǻڰˣɱ˱ͲҪκɣһڿŵһɲҩζǡ
ʲôǧ˫
۵һ˲þҩ֮˵ָˡ
ǧ˫ٴεɴ󣬡˵ЩҩѲɣڰĸιҩˣȻƳһ󣬾ûʲôôˣͽǸɱˣ
˫šһǳȼʬ˵
˵˷䣬ɲǣɫƮɣһȻơ
ǾվһɪɪϵԽ꣬ͷҲˣǻǲͱŻˡ
ζټʬ壬н֮ƴ˵ǵȷǱҩҩܿǵʲôͻʲô
ԣȾ˫ȭؽڿ졣
ǧҲһɫҲ˵ڰҩƷƳǽƳԺ󣬱ûüֵԲͻº֣
ûƿ꣬ǳǳȴ⡣
ǧҧ˫еⲻط١
֮ѪһأЩѪοڽš
ȾŵϵѪ˫˲䱻̺죬Ҳɢˣȥǻ᳤סĵط죡
Ǿ˱һĿǰڱĥûгֱǰ·ȾֳУһǾ
ҵ˾֮еĳǸ˴̴
ǧͷζһۣҲٸȥһ·ϻûκˣܲһտӣԽָо͸ǿҡ
ûĿտӣ
Ҳ˵ڰеѾȫת
뵽˴ǧɫЩѿǱʶϣڰûߣ˾סĵط
Ȼǰƽ޹ʧȥô೤ϡ
˾סҲֻ谵ĸڹ⳯һЩɫЩѣ滹׺źɫĻ䣬ȥΪΣա
ǧվڵ⣬üͷøסǱȽϹģǲϵɫģȥжӡ
ǹȥšȾǾˣ˫ȫǺ⡣
Ǿ䱻ĥţٻЩǵģڰ᳤ǼΪΣյĴڣͻȻȥûĥҲᱻ᳤ɱ
ǼǧܿǼΪϧҲرﻹⴳ밡
ȾǲӴŭȣȥš
ǷĳǾٶɪɪŻҲֻʱѣһ漣أ
ǾſˮȾֻȥţֻϣ᳤ڰ
СȥţЩо綾ģһڰȫ֪ڿŵʱܿЩñϡ
˵ֻҪЩͻж˵ֶѽ⣬òҩĻͻ߿Ѫ
뵽˴µĶСˡ
֨߹
صĴűƿӭһںڰŨϢϢҲ΢Щ
ǰĴһҲǺɫģӻӶǺɫģȼյҲǺɫģԶԶȥɵһƬһֹܵζ
˺ڰĻ£˾Ȼϲɫ·
뵱ɫ֮еһƴ
ǣܴ覣޷Ǿ˰ˣ
ǧǰտķ䣬üͷš
ȻûˡжҲʰĸɸɾȫûס˵ĺۼ˵˾Ѿ·ˣǣԭͲķ䣿
أȾקһ˵½ŭȣ˵ƭңͲǻ᳤ķ䣿
Ǿ˺۾Լľ
ûƭǣǻ᳤ķ䣬ǿôݻÿһҾ߶Ϊ£滹ͼڣ˵˻᳤˭ִ
ǰǵСץУﻹˣ
ǿиˮ϶ǻ᳤µģ
һͻȻϵˮˮâɣͷ˿˿ˮˮʲô
ǧ˼ˣüͷ壬˫ҲһС
ˮ֮ܿеĶǵȷǱˡ


1413 ѵǳǵʬ壿

Ⱦǿˮ򣬸޷侲ɶ
ǰȥץǿˮȴǱסˣŷ¶ãʦʲôҪȥǿˮ򡣡
ѾȫʧȥǣüһĨʧƿ꣬ɤĮڰ᳤ƻǹȥ̽̽᲻ʲôء
˵Щʱ򣬷ε鲻ֹĮһ˵
Ⱦ˲侲Ҳ˷ε˼Ťͷ˵ǹȥǰˮù
Ǿֱ˺̧ܾ֮ųǿˮȥ
ʱ򡭡ֻáಡˮоȻͻȻѳ˼롣
Ǽͬһ㣬׷׳Ǿȥ
ֱǵУ㲻ţĻᶼûоֱˡ
ָ߳ɱַǰǰһյĹûǧЩȻľ
顱
žʬȻ£̲С
ǧŵϵʬ壬Щ΢ˣŤͷϵˮֻˮγ͸ղŴзѳĳǴһ
Ǹղſĵȷȷѳ룬ɱΡ
Ⱦŵϵ룬ҲȻ˹աոչȥĻҪѣ
££䣬һʱҲ˼ּɵ
̤Щʬ壬һˮȥʱˮ֮оȻûзѳˡǧǰһƬˮѵֻһ𣿻˵˾Ѿ㵽ǻúڰƣԣŻϣһ࣬һ٣ȫնɱ
Ļ˾˵Ļʵڿ£ܲ²롭ǧٴοһ۵ϵʬ壬ʵ˾֣ҲûЩ˻š
ϾǺڰĳ棬Ҳ˷ѿ
˾ԳֽͽҲʡ֡
ʱѾߵˮǰ
ˮţʢ
΢䣬һ㣬һɲǣˮ֮кһ˵ɫ˲ù⻪ɣ·ʲôҪһ
һ룬һӰˮƮ˳һŰɫڵˣϻЦ⡣
Ȼǣ˾
ǧȻһȻֻһӰ񣬵ǰеǵ˳ڿ˾ȥɱɱɱ
ȾеĳҲ˵뷨뽫ɱ
ʱӰе˾Ȼʼ˵ˣɣȴ˶ӣѾǺڰܲ˰ɣǣΪǻԭأԹԵ𣿡
ǧüɫѿ
ǹӰЦǵİɡӰе˾ƺ֪ЦǲǾúܾϲϲҸµ𣿡

ǧüͷš˵ʲô˼ѵǵгǵʬ
뵽һصʬ壬ǧüͷøˡ
Ӱе˾֪뷨˵ţ£ɽľƽ˼ŵζǵеЩϣǹͷӲұιʳһЩҩǲܹԹǼõġ
ЦȾ˫Ť޲ȥˮá
Ҳδʧȥǣֻ߶ѡ
ǧƣΪֻܻԼǡ
Ӱе˾䣬ɫƮɣӯζҾʹѡһλ츳õĳϣʣµЩҾŻǰɣǴ˷ǰҪѰҳϵ𣿾ʬҲǿԵģ԰ɣ
˵ͻȻѹͣҲֳһѪ֮ɫ
ǧȻɴ۾ΪɲŽǸɱˣʲô˰
Ⱦһڣ˫ɺ죬ź˵ĺ⡣
νˮͻȻڵҲ˵һλϻ𣿡
ǧ΢΢һ㶣˾˼ǵģٻһϻţΪõģôƵɰ
ϡȾ뵽ʲô˫һЩֻоžʬ壬ȴʮλõģղҲȷûпʬ壬˵ϻţ
뵽ܣȾԭ¼ŵ˲䱻ͷ·ץסһһ
ǧ˫ҲһȦֻҪһ˻ţǾͲ
Ӱе˾ٴδЦ·Ѿµǵıˣ֪һλûҲҲǵܲˣһΣǼͽǽģѾҽΪͽǻ



1414 

ŵĿǧҲΪ
Ҫ֪Ӱ죬Ϊ˾ں˵ϾȻǵ뷨ȫ³ʵڿµĽ
Ŀ⣬Ӱе˾ڣǳڵܲһϲģҾʹ󷢴ȱøǰɣطɲȫߣȻܻᷢʲô
˵꣬ӰʧˣǸӨˮҲ޹⣬һͨƵġ
Ⱦˣȥʲôߣҳѻ˵壬
ˮϲϽлţǿˮͱǸӰҲٳˡ
ǧǿˮ򣬺˹۾ҧгݵ˾һʼҪˣöԻǣʮǣΪľʱ䣬취Ϣس룬ÿһʱģǿˮҲʾġ
Ų֯˳룬ڳˮʵС
ȾϳѺۣǿˮ
ֻá顱һˮѣͬϸϸܵ֩һ㡣
쵰ˮѣȾŭ
ǧδֹһԴСúá
ɾʱ򣬴ѵˮкһƴ۵ĹâĨâЩҵȶȣ·ܽһжһ
μˣòˮŹ⣬Ҫըˡߡƿ꣬ûκοЦļ󣬡ˮҪըˡ
ǧȾҲͻȻʶԾŹâ̫ҫ̫ȣ̫ˣԲʲôöټ˾ո˵Ļ
˵Щߣⷢѵָıը
ǧٶ룬˸ϿߣǴгʱǿˮȻıըˡ
顱ԭڰҾȻըѣǽڣӶը÷飬ⱬըӵƣը˺ü
~~~~~~
ըڶܲжộǵֿһϵеıըһʱ䣬ܲЩҡҡ׹·һͻȫһ
ǧˣ¾ò
˾ǲƺˣ֮л˽ˮƣŽ޴ǸըĶˮ֮УֻҪƣʹǸأԲŻıըǷӦٶһЩС
Ǿ˳Σء
ܲеƣǲЩӳĻֻܱСǧٴȵܣܲȫԺǽᱻ񣬵ʱһӲˡ
ǧдżּУмֲݿܵζ
Ⱦ˫뽫ǵʬߣɼµȥֻ»۵ǡ
ǧǿȾ뷨ͻȻ˵Ⱦ壬֪ʲôȥνǵʬɣֻ㻹δߵΣܲ͸ˣʱ򣬳ǵʬ粻ֻҲᶪ
ԣȾƣɫѱ档
ǧ̾һۿ֮ҲһЩ΢죬µֻˣǲĻҾˣȾҲϣٿڰŵģɣ
Ⱦ䶯Ŵ꣬Щ˵Ŀȥˡ
ǰȫޣٴλ
ҲȻ뵽˾ץס㣬ὫˮƣԣŻᶯЩֽš
Ҳ˵ӺܲΣءȾ˫ͻȻЩ
ǧһο˼ȾɥǶҲԸݣˮ㲻ƣҲὫƣʵ̫˰
ոĺ飬̫˰
֪ڰοԼȾͻȻ࣬лǿȥɣط治˴ġ
áǧ𴽰꣬кЦ
μˣеЦҲ˼֡
~~~~~~
ǽӵڶ𣬶ӵٶȼ졣
ǧ˿ٵܣҲ֪˶ã֮ܵܲ⡣
ܳȥʱܲȫݣһöһһȫˣһʱ֮䣬ɳҷɣСʯͷ׷׹䣬ֹ˾
ǧһ֪ΣѾ֮Ż˼ۡ
ֻһۣüͷٴšԭΡصĺڰܲһĹͱ˷棬һ㱾Ŀˡ
ԭͣפڷϵѻҲ֪ɵĶܲǽϵҲȫѹѿή



1415 Ҫɱ

ˡǧһɹ˻ھǶ˼Ȼ֮ɫˣڱĵطҲ³ֺڰܲǲȫ𣬾ͬҰݻ᳤ٵïܡ
קס󣬵ܻôһ죬ڰսʧ
뵽˵뵽ڰĲǧƣ⺧ˣҪֽ𡣡
һԵġƿ꣬ᶨ١
˵ģȾɫٴһ䣬ڷһ˵ţպҲֽڰֻ˵ŻõϢ
ǧ˵ЩʲôȴȾѾȫУŴֻ꣬Ĭһﲻ
ȾѾݵ֮ܲдżֱζ
廳廳ҵĸλϣ
ǧˣҲûгֻᳶŷε°ڣҲ̫ܡ
δ˫ּͷϸϸĦƺڸο
ǧƣҲϵ¶̣ԺһЩΣ˵β׷ĻǲǾͲ
β׷´Ҳ׷۶ٴνҲһġƿ꣬һǳټϺڰ᱾ĺɱ˵ʱҲԣʲô衣
ǧеһãȫɢҧ˫ȻǺ棬ԺҪ𡣡
Цŵͷ
ȾҲѾƽˣԭۺ죬˿̶һĨǻȥɡ
ǧƿ꣬ͷá
ܲܵ
СܵţΪ׵˾ө
ԭܲһиܵڽܲʱ򣬾ƳһܵĿľΪ˷ֹͻȻġ
ܲѾ˺ü꣬û뵽ʹˣǻΪԶʹõġǰөɫ΢ЩѿܲĽɻ˺þʱ䣬¾ΪˣǾҪܲóʵЩİ
Ȼ˵ȷǺġ
᳤ôܲóĺ𣿡өһ·ǿ˿ڡ
˾СУ˫󣬡ûʲôõģǸطѾ¶óĻպ鷳
ǡөЩģȴ˾ϡ
ٴƿ꣬رûʲôǣʧȥǸطǻѰҵĵطϾǿǺڰᣬ޴ڡ
өǺһЩ
˾䣬Ҳ˵
өƬ̣ٴοʵ᳤˵ǻˮ𣿡
˾ֵڴ䣬ƺ˼ҶôˣеѪԵĶֻҪһὫˮƣ㲻Ҳû¡
ө΢٣Щɻ
˾ƿ꣬Ц㲻ƣʱ䳤ˮҲԶըʱǸܲڣû˻֪Ǻڰĵ̡
ө󣬲һԭнܲըĴ㣬ǻ᳤
᳤Ӣө̾潫ˮˣ᲻ᱻѹУأ
˾󣬾Цôأױѹˮ뽫ܲը˳һ¶ѡ
ɵñըŪ
ө΢Щˡ
ڴܱը˾өһۣЦ
өҧ˫ǲ֪˾᳤ޱ᳤ΪҪЩɱأǼȻҩǣôһЩǸãөͻȻЩ벻ͨҲЩϧֻһϻ᲻̫ˣ
˾һЦ˵ô٣õĳϣĳϱѷɫһЩȻѷɫΪҪ£ȻȥǾͻǺˡ
ө֪ݣʲôû˵
˾ֵڴ䣬ֵֻҪõľͳɣʱٸιЩҩǵͿиʦ𣿡
өųâ᳤Ӣ
ЩȻû뵽ֻЩˡЩ϶Ѿ٣ٹͻһغͿסԼ
ʱөеĺɫӾȻһ
£˾Ťͷ۾΢С
өеĺɫĵӣӦǧѩЩǸϵǹġ
һˣ
˾µ˵ţŶԭ˵ʲô
өܿ㽫ɫӾûһǧѩ洫өǧѩҪ˵
өɫûбһ£͵ʲô顣



1416 һ

һ˵ǧѩŴ꣬˵өϣ᳤ҵһֱЩȸʵһֱ·Ļʵۣ˵ҪַǺڰᣬǲδϹԲҵַʵ̫뵱ȻˡˣȸʵǽīɳȥѰǧģһֱûҵûð
ǧѩıԹ˾ɫЩ΢
ûҵأǲ˵
ǵãѧԺǱߵʱͿī裬ǧһɱˣûҵ
˾ЦһȫǳŪ
өƺ֪˾ΪηЦҲǵЦһҲһЩζǧѩī赱ûҵǧ𣿡
һߵǧѩ΢ө⻰ʲô˼
ʲôе棿
Լ
ǧѩҧŴ꣬ȴֲҺөа壬ֻܷʵөϣ⻰ʲô˼ī˵ûҵǧܹ鲻ƭҵġ
өٴߣԴ֮ķ̸ˣգѧԺīˣǧҲУֶԸˡ
ʲôǧѩθߣҲ𾪣ôܣīδ˵ǧ
𾪵өٴЦΪβ㣿ΪͲ㰡أ
Щǧѩ˵
ȻڹôãөǲǻҪþò֪
ī赽ʲô˼ô뽫ǧţȸ½ĻӰͲԼ½ˣ
ǧѩҧгݣ
Ҳ֪īƭҡǧѩ󣬱өĵөϣīƭȣԲҰ²ܲȱͻ᳤˵պõϹԲ᳤˵˵
ʱǧѩ֪˾Ҳһԣͽǵ̸װס
өʶ˾һۣƺѰôش
˾͵ûĻ
ө˵ףƿãҲԻ᳤˵ģҲҪ񣬲Ҫû᳤̫á
ͷǧѩĬ˺ܾãҲ֪˶òٶȿڵөϷģҾԲû᳤̫ãھȥī˵˵ȷǧĶ
䣬оûǧѩȻȥīˡ
˾ǸѾûĵӣЦǰûھʥŮЩЩССѲɣҲֻܵˡ
өǧѩûʲôо;شԵŮˣ·Ҹҵ᳤Ӣөƿ꣬Ǹǧѩȷôǻǲôںڰˡ
˾Ӧһ㲻˵
ʱǧѩѾȥīˡ
īվѧԺ⣬һֱڵǧѩǹ
Ѿȥ˺þãȴûκιļ󣬺ڰ̶ѨҲ֪ˣʵ˵ġ
̾һЩĸо
׳ЩȥߵīԿοī蹫ӱģ϶ûµġ
ī󣬵õһЩοǰ϶¡
Ҳ˵жǧҲ˼Ϊ޵ģټȾﻹʲôΣգ
ī˿¹ůЦݡ
ʱռָıӺī۾ɫ֮ͻȻͶһͷ
ӵ𶯣˵ǧѩˡ÷
īȡһ˲ǧѩʹӵдżֽʵζӵ£⼸ҵǧʹʦ𣿡
ī۾˵ʲôȴ뵽ǧѩͻȻǲѾʲôϢ
Ŵ꣬һʱ䲢δڻش
ǧѩȴȲôͣٴγӵ£˵ѾҵǧʹʦˣѧԺߣǲİ
īüȻѾȫ֪ˡֲ˵ǧѩΧüͷֵӵ¾ôʦϹԲ̽źûظ£ȻĿŲסˣϹԲ̵ˣҶ֪˵
ʥŮϢͨīƿ꣬ЦЦ
ǧѩסһʱ䲻֪ǺãκƿҲ˵Ķѣӵǲҵǧʹʦ˰
īۣǰɡ
ǧѩͻȻþϲ֣̫ˣӵϹԲܻ֮ˡ
ϹԲ̵鲻̫īЦЦһܷϵӣһǲʥŮѡ
ǧѩͻȻθ϶Ҫѵİߵýˣӵ޷˵ģǾɣһᾡ˵£վִܵѧԺ
˵Щʱǧѩð⣬һĨζ



1417 Ϊʲô˰

ʥŮҲҪѧԺīٴüֱȻûк¡
ǰһӵµġǧѩЦȴĽ
īĬ
ǧѩǸҩǸ̽ٵģҪǧذ뵽˴īסƣü֮Ҳһɫһѻ֪ǧѩĿģԸ
һͷǧѩþòЩϰµģŴǣСӵ£Ϊβ˵ǲҹ𣿡
īôᣬȻʥŮԸﱾȻǻӭģǱѧԺʥŮĵ
ȻѾ֪ǧѩ뷨ǾȾΪãʡôݾʲô¶ټϣߵ˶ǳһССǧѩܹǣ
ͰŪСϷˡ
ͷǧѩī˵ܳЦ⣬ƿ꣬ãӵ·ģһᾡġ
īø
뾡ȺǧɣǸ޳ܵŮˡī費ɫȴ˰أƿʥŮʲô£ȥˡ
ǧѩ̼þգӵʲôȥɣҲ׼ʰһ£
һ䣬ǸҲֹͣ˲úͨӲ࣬ˣī軹ǾǳֻһͽӶ
ʱԶˣƹγ߿ٶ
īˣ˫һǧǻˣ
վѧԺİ׳Ҳⷬǲɵɴ˫Ҳżּá
ڻˣ
ϲʤʱ֣糾ȥҲƣۣ񾭹ĳִģսһ
ǼλϣǰȥʵȾ壬ҵڰܲ𣿻гҵ𣿡
ЩʱȫǼеζ΢򣬶Ϻģ켱ˡ
Ⱦȥ⾹ȻҧŴ꣬оҲʧ˼ֽ࣬䶯Ŵһʱ֪˵Щʲôá
ɣһΣҲͻȻ˼ֲõԤС
϶ѾҵڰܲǲδǴҲ˵ǿܲǱߣҲȾ壬ǲҲزˣۿһ죬ץȾ䲻š
Ⱦʹ˫ģ޹⣬ҲȾš
¼ָⲻһƺѾʲôˡ
ʱ׳īվһ࣬ǻ״ɼǼɫ̫ã¶챯˿ˣǾ㲻֪ҲԲ³һЩεж˳
׳īһۣʶȤûʳЩʲô
ʱȾһȫ˹Ťͷī˵λܲһرܣЩҪһ¡
׳īҲִɰʵ׵ˣ˵̵ͷת뿪ˣǰī軹ǧһۡ
ͼκǻļã㵭ĮһˣԴԴϡ䱦һʵ벻
īˣʧЦһ㽫Ŀ˻ȥ
ڹãЩͷȷʵó״ˡǶ뿪ˣ˲ŻصУȾϵĲ豭Ƭ̺Žܲһȫ˵
˵ٴֳһĨɺ죬гǵĺ⡣
Ȼɴҡͷ˫Ҳʧ˽࣬Ⱦ壬ƭҶԲԣǿ϶ôôأ
Сʱĸߵ磬ǳǻȾ彫һִģ֮Ծ˵ġ
ԼٳһЩͱǣǣԼ㲻ǣǵѹ
Ϊʲôұ𣬳ֲټҾֻʣǼˣǲľʧˣˣ
½ƣһỬ䣬һΣͬˮͷһôֹס
Ⱦ壬ڰΪҪ½ͷȾļϣϿţôãôʹɱ֣
ȾŴû˵
ǧʣеıҲ˳ǽЩŬѹ£ΪǺڰˣˣȥ
ҧβ
ǧɹѵޱȣǵĲÿ˶ģĸõģںڰſǲֹԺ󽫻ʧȥ࣬ڣֻһʼ
Ⱦָⲻһ



1418 ǧѩҪ

ҲŪһ㶣̧ؿǧڵʧȥֻһʼôԺ󻹻ʧȥȾ壬ã
Ժܼȥ
¾ֵҡͷɳƣҲʧȥǡ
ǧ˽ָ⣬һƬɬŴ꣬һʱ侹Ȼ޷
νְļϣҲȶȴݸܵЩȶȣģ̌еĵɬҲȥ˲١
ƿ꣬ſ˵ȻʧȥǾ͸ֻʣˣٳڱĻҾҪû˴Ӵһ겻Ҳᱻἰ
Ⱦ»һҲЩࡣ
ǰǲǳڱӦȻҪûС
ǵɫ΢һЩǧ΢΢̧ߣֵĿǰǻ֪ڰ᾿ܲתƵֻҪǲ׷٣һҵڰǺ˵ö֮
ٴ֣ͷࡣ
Ⱦ֮ٴһҲ·ӿһĨѪ
ҪڰΪ˱ҲΪ˻½һ̫ƽ
ûã½ָ⣬ԺŬԼøԲûʷĳС
ǧع𴽽ǡ
ȾŲ豭ֺɿ΢䣬ȻµϺֳһĨɫȨҵϢ˺ڰᣬıܹҪѵġ
䣬ȾüۣеĺҲԡ
ǧһۣҲһǰıߵȷøѵңһֱѧԺκλڹ˼ûС
ȾеɫҲ˼֣ǰһڹ˼ûС
̾һ֮Ⱦߵߣһࡣ
Ҳͬߵߣʲôû˵ǵ鵹Ǻ࣬ûٱ˻ѹ
ǧˣ˿
ָܻ̫ˣ»ָÿ춼ڱ˵Уӵ״ͦá
ǧһ鶯˼֡
֣ǧͷ˼¡
Ⱦдһʱ
վڴߵȾ̻ع̳ſȥҲ
ǧͷҲˣҲ֪ŵĻ˭˶һۣȾʵ˭
īңҿʱҲˣӦ̸˰ɣҲе˵һ£û̸õĻҿԵȻ
˶һֲۣ²īʲôҪҪ˵ǧѩйء
ǧһ̳īɣѾ̸ˡ
ī󣬺ܿŶ롣
ǧһ̲סЦī裬˵Ҫ飬ǲǺǧѩйأǲҪжˣ
īһЩؿһۣ㻹ӰҪ˵ʲô㶼Ѿµˡ
ǧʼ磬еЦ˼֣ҲӰɣ²¶ѣȻأǧѩкж˵˵
²¶ܲµ𣿡īЦŵ٩һ䣬ҲˣҲ֪ô£ǧѩȻ֪Һǻˣڸոϵ˵ҪѧԺһˣЩʲôɡ
ǧеЦΪ˼֡
Ҫ
Ǿ˼ˣڰǧ䣡
ټ߻ôǿһȺˣ
ǧ˵īֵǧѩڣǶҪСġʱҲ´ݾߣˣǧ㲻Ұɣ
ģ̌Ŀ䵽īϣôܻ㣿ҲݾߣҲᵱʲôûһۣǱʲôǿɾͲðˡ
Щī贽һЦøΪ˼֣ǵǼװ£ֻ¶βͣٳ֡
ǧԴصͷ˫һڻһƷâһ
˵Щʱ˫٣һ廪˫Ʋۡ
īֻЩ㱣¶⣬һŽĿƿԣܹһõġ
ǧһЦҲ˵ˡ
ͻȻڣǳǳ˵ʱ
ī賯һۣεĿ²ſڣǧѩ˼ھҪʰ̵Ļִܵ
Ŀ΢䣬ͬԨԡ



1419 

ǧ䴽ЦЦñ⣬糾͵ǲҪΪӷϴúд
ī䴽һЦӷϴҲ԰Ǵȸ½ʥŮôҲúúдɣʱҲܽľģ͸ˡ
ǧֵڴ䣬ЦˣԣҪľģʱôĶ֪
䣬ǧ͵ЦȻнˡ
ͷ˼£ʾҪЦôˡ
ǧӦֹͣЦҲ˲١
īһԿһһ㶵ģֻˣܺǧվһɣ˵Ļʵ벻ǻġ
ʱȾҲǧѩҪɫһ䣬ּǧһгӣ֪Ѿ뵽Բˡ
һǧѩΪ壬ҲСûһ¾֡
Ⱦ˫ֻأǽʵ˵ҪӷϴһڰİѣбҪôã
ǧתͷȾ˵ǰİɣҪװʲô֪β¶βͰôȸ½ʥŮɣǱ߻ͦܰհġ
ȾЦ֪ʲôˣҲǺõˣֻ»Ϊ˺Ķ󡣡
ǧͬصͷûҲõȰ֪֮󰡡
ȾȻ֪Щ˰֣֪ˣ֪ˣ΢Ūһɣǻģûκνġ
ǧ֣ЦøӲˡ
˵˻̧߳
ȾҲԸ׼ȥˣǳʵĲ˲࣬ΪһǧѩҪ׼Ҳǿˡ
ڶ磬ǧѩˡ
Ķ࣬ȴ糾ͣǲŵģϵСֱֱվѧԺ⡣
ʱѧԺвѧǶѧԺĿյѵֻһ۾ͿվͷǧѩñȽۣҲһɹк벻עⶼѡ
ѧǶһۣЦӭȥʵѧԺ𣿡
ǧѩüͷ

ôܣ˵ģ˳ǧǸС˸Ū
Ǳ˵ģ֪ī𣿡ǧѩƿ꣬ЩͷȴЦݣԾܾīѣ˵ѧԺԾˡ
ѧ΢Щ𾪣ǰƯŵŮӾȻʶī裬ѡ
Ҫ֪īȻżѧԺͣҲѧԺеĴˣڻֵʱ򣬾īǲϵֿܳŵȾǰԮ
ī裬ѧԺֻ»ᱻ˹ƣʱ򲻽ѧԺ٣ͷѧҲΪ˵Ĳʳ
īȫѧԺľ˰
֮īȾǹͬԿ޴ˣûһͽ޴˸ܣȻǿɾһѡ
뵽˴ѧǿǧѩ˼֡
Ȼīѣǿ϶ҲǺģĴźʣݿ϶Ҳ뵽˴ѧǸΪ˼֡
ǧѩб䣬Ҳ֪Լ̧°͵ܴȥī𣿻Ҳԣ˵ǧѩˡ
ѧǿĿҲºˡ
ǧѩ
ú֣͸һ
ܴȥ𣿡Ƕ˵ǧѩһ䡣
ѧŻȻ񣬵ʹȥī蹫ӣ
ǧѩ䣬󣬶Ҳϸϸ۲ΧĻˣѧԺǺǰһûʲô仯
˵ֳһµѧԺзѧԺѧԺһֱڼѧԺ˵رϲǽš
˼ˡǧѩһֱЩѧҲ֪˶ãһѧԺͤͣ£̧ȥͼīͤкȲ衣
ͤҲֻīһˣδǧǡ
ǧѩһΣȹ˹ȥ߽ʱƿ꣬Цӵ£ôһȲ谡ʦأ
īʶ豭£ŤͷʵʥŮ㾹Ȼôˣ
ǧѩЦͣرע£һõϢͻٸΪҲǰ·Ƕѡ
īһΣȴһ̣㻹ˡ
ǧѩ𴽽ǣīߣȸ½ˣȻҪΪȸ½ǣӵ£ʦںδ
治ɣǳȥˡīüЦ



1420 þò

ǧѩɫһ䣬ȴָֺܿ˹ԭǳ˰ϲʲôģӵ¿֪ʲôʱ𣿡
ī賯һۣûһ͵岻ӦþͿ˰ɡ
ǧѩȻصͷԭˡ
ī轫ĿջأִϵĲ豭˼ڣʥŮ;ˣһˮɡ
ǧѩϸϸī迴˼ۣͼйЦ⣬һͦѺõģǧδ˵ЩʲôҲûлԼʲôġ
֪鲻ƾǲʲôİɣȻǻǧ顣
ǧͺͷνˣﻹݵҲǧ
ǧѩָ⣬ֵлӵ£ҶѵȷЩˡ
ī轫ˮǰˮȵģɢ
ǧѩǰĲ豭Щܳӵ£Լˮͺˣͷ㰡
īЦЦȴǲ
ǧѩֽ豭Уӵ£ʱͷ˵ѧԺպ˻˵Ĺǲİ
ī󣬳һۺǰѧԺȷܵ˻˵Ĺ˴λڣǾġ
ǧѩһתװŵ˵찡ȻǾģǺڰǸӲˣӵû°ɣ
䣬üͷһš֪ڰѾг˸õĻˣΪڰܵõõĶ˭֪ЩڲͲǸ᳤εĻө
ûϵֻҪãµõ᳤ʶʱҪʲô׶ˡ
û¡īЦҡҡͷĿȴһֱǧѩϣһ˫Ҳ˾⣬ƺҪеı顣
ǧѩûԺ΢Щʧˣ˶û𣿡
īˣЦع𴽰꣬ǵģ˶û¡
ǧѩϵʧˣΪǧˣ˭֪ôӲһ˿˺ûУ߲ѡ
ʧ䣬ī蹴ЦݸΪãʥŮʲô飬ϣǶ𣿡
ǧѩȻһҡͷôأҿ϶ϣǶƽģǧǧңҲǧҵˣԶıģֻϣƽƽ
īĻԺЩգգ۾
֪ǧѩıԣĹ
⻹˵Уֱ˵˵Ŀȥ
īϵĲ豭Ҳ˲࣬ʥŮ
ҧüأȴûκμ֮ɫЦò
ǧѩЩ֣ɿЦůеЩҲ½˲٣ӵˡ
ī趢Ц
ǧѩ΢΢ζϵĲ豭ҲΧΣ˵ӵ£ʦǺûϹԲ̵鰡
īüһû˵
ǧѩһڲˮֵüЦϵɫҲƮҡһ˲Ůӵڿӵ¶Ȼûп˵ɣûйϵ˶ǵġ
ī͵һЦ֮Ҳ˼ɫǾлʥŮˡ
޷ӦġǧѩٴЦ˽ԵüΪţ֪ıԣֻ»ᱻԻȥ
īĿͶ𴦣ΧҲ˲óĬ
ǧѩǰĲˮʼįӵ£ӻðɣ
ī˫һҲһĨ⣬ҵȻǼõģʥŮ⻰ʲô˼
ǧѩվ΢΢һ˦ЩʲôīıУȴɫЦûʲôʺһѡ
лʥŮͦáī˵ű豭˫Ҳһ±ء
ǧѩĿתϱˣʱ
ʱŲڶ𣬽ţһŮ𣬡ī裬˵ˣ˭
ǧǧѩȻ̧ͷֱֱĿȥɬ
ŮɫȻüáǰôͲɴأ
Ҳʶȸ½ʥŮǧѩīǧĿ⣬˼֡
ǧǧѩȥе¶ʱ˲٣ԭʥŮþò
ȱȱģԴǼ仹Щ̡
ǧѩѻݺǧһۣͻȻվǧߵķΡ
ˣһϯ£˿ף绪ǧ
Ӿǰװױǧʵڲİ


1421 ѧԺ̸£

ǰþòǧѩѻ𣬿ϻǴŵЦݣҽǷȸʵ۵Ҫһ
ǧ󣬹Ц֪ҪϹԲ̰ɣЩҹ˵ˡ
ǧѩ˫ֱӱһ¡
Ȼ֪ôϹԲ͹ⲻսȸʵ۵Ȩ
ȻǧѩûʳڣҲֻ룬ȴ˵ί񣬡ҹԴ뿪ȸʹʧȥ磬ȸʵҲżǻΪҹδҵǣû뵽ҲѧԺΪβعȥ
ǧοһۣЦӲã
ϳӣȻ˵һȻŪǧѩҲһꡣ
ͻȻӹһĮϹԲȷʵУҲ뽻
ǧѩһ㶣û뵽λֱӾܾüͷʦΪβ뽻ںڰ־ǲĻᱻڰġ
ΪȻȴ˼֣ĺڵ˫·ѾУǧѩҲѹ˼֡
ãβƿʥŮ֪ڰܲĶ
ǧѩסæҡҡͷҵȻ֪
ƿ꣬ɤ޲һûУûκ壬ϹԲٳ֣һ粨ԣͺ塣
ǣϹԲ̣ѪѪ֮һ乥˺ڰİǧѩЩУЩѿڶ
ǧֻЦھ籾û߳
ѪѪ
˵ī裬ѪѪ飬ҲûʲôԣǾŮҲ̫ˣЦһ
ѪѪζ˼֣ڰĿҲѪѪʥŮô׾;𣿡
ǧѩŴ꣬һʱ侹Ȼ޷ҡ
η䣬ɫ˲ƮɣΪÿĻȣѾʥŮͲض˵ˡ
ǧѩҧŴ꣬Ѿⲻ뽫ϹԲ̽˵ʲôҲ޷ı䣬ֻ򴽳ĬȴһĨʸ֡
ʥŮǲϹԲ̵飬ѧԺ͵ģȸ½ɡǧ˫ֻأҲһƬ˿ѧԺ̸Ҵ¡
ǧѩɫٴһ䣬Ҫ
ôԣòײطģôԾʹ뿪
뿪Ļֹȸʵۣڰ᳤ΪǿʱΪһöˡ
ߣԲߣкöûء뵽˴ǧѩһŹһξ͵͵İɣǰҲѧԺѧϰ£ͣͦİ
ǧЦ
ǧѩָ⣬ܾĿЩ֣ҲЩˣܰ˿һ
ǧĿջصʱ˿
ҽ쿴ѧԺ˲ʳģʥŮĻʱ򡣡ǧüЦŵ٩һ䣬ܳԵЩʳģпڸˡ
ǧѩüͷһ塣
ƨڸɲǳԶģкҪҪ
ǧѩЦһŤͷʱͷīеıӾȻյˣǡȫȹ
Ȼɴ˫裬ϵļôβͻȻθӵ£㾹ȻѾˮȵ𣿻費Ҫٰ㵹һ㣿
īüܹıûкˮ
ǧѩʶԣæĿڵҲǣҾǿӵºܿʵӣԲŶһ䡣
īʹüۣ΢˿͸Щ±ԼУͷʥŮ
ǧѩͷӦһȴˡ
ȻЩˮ
һ¹ϵĲˮȻǰҲ¹ϣϲһΣһԺҩЧ÷ӵĸˡ
뵽˴ǧѩЦ⣬ǧĿҲһżֵɫ
ǧ΢΢šüİ
֮ǧѩͻȻڵҺþûѧԺˣͻȻ뵽ȥһ£Ҿȥˣȹǡ
ǧͷζûڡ
ī賯ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ǧѩ𴽽ǣת뿪ˡ
һߣīվű߻һ̲ˮգԽЩˮճǧ֣ǿҸողǧѩˮ˵ϣұ棬ǲܿˣҲ˲þҩ
ҩˣ
ǧЩüֲõʱǧѩᵽˮʱôԭѾҩ˰


1422 ܽⶾ

ǧƷεļЦΣȥī迴ˮǲǱҩ
䣬ҲЩΧȥ
ֻ˵ǧѩĲһһΣüƻø˳
μѾ˹ȥ̧Ҳ˹ȥִϵĲ豭ϸһ飬Ž豭£ȷǱҩܿҩһɺڰζ
˵֮ͽӶϣƺе
ǧīɫ˼֣ǧѩȻˡī裬㲻潫ˮȫ˰ɣǧعȫǵ٩֮⡣
īָŵϵˮգôôɵǧѩֵʱҾͲԾˣҲֳֻܱܳǧѩ˵ʱ͵͵ˮǿˡ
ǧһ۵ϵˮգЦŵͦûкǧѩϵĲˮ
īЦЦůҴСڻʹЩ¶СȻҵ۾ǧѩ¶ַˣҪţͿˮˡ
šǧüͷȻڰĶɲý⡭
˵𶾣ǧͰǰ˻ҺĶ
ϻ˺ܶʬߣҲ֪뿪󾿾ˡ
ˣͰôˣǲж𣿡ǧī迴˼ۡ
īգգ۾һŷӦ˭ǰ񲻾֮ͻѧԺ˰ɣѧԺӦнⶾҩġ
ǧ󣬲˵ͷԭˣǿǺڰĶҺǱߵĽⶾҩܽ
īʼ磬˭֪ء
ǧһ䣬ŤͷȥˣΣܰѶ𣿡
γһۣǳЦӦǲܵģڰĶûôý⡣
ҲΪǧƿ꣬ɷǺ
˵һͤ뿪ˣǧѩѧԺйһȦԭ·أǧѧԺУҲȥˡ
һ͸ܵһȻķΧŤͷʱǧǶڣȾ¡
ǧѩ򴽰꣬ȾʶģѧԺԺúÿʵҲǺǧߵ̫˺ܲˬ
īѣǧѩȾܿע⵽ǧѩƿ꣬ɤЦ⡣
Ⱦǧѩ΢Щ
ǰôҲѧԺѧϰһӣɿȾģǲʶԼ
ǧѩҧ˫漫ΪˬȴûбֳȾԺǧѩǰʱΪѧԺѧϰء
ȾãȻգգ۾ƺûϾѾԶˡ
ǧѩˣ㽫ҧ飬ôʥŮڸоȻô
ȾԺɼ𣿡ǧѩȾǲṴЦŷǳ
Ⱦָ⣬ãȻġ
վһǧЦ尡ڶǧѩˣ֪ģɾװ֪˼Ҹˡ
ǧǾˬģŮôŪŪҲûʲô
ǧѩʵ̲סٴο˵ȾԺǺǧһģӳ𣿡
Ⱦ°ͣƺ˼
ǧѩָ⣬ˬˣ˵ôˣȻ֪Լ
վһԵǧЦ˼֡
īҲ֪Ⱦ˼Ҳ
Ҳ֪˶ãȾԴҼˣԭ㰡ȸ½ʥŮǧѩ
˵ˣǧѩ˫һ䴽ЦǰҾȸ½ǧѩȾԺҼ˰
Ⱦ˼ЦԣʱһЩ޹ؽҪĶǼǲס
ǧѩϵЦ˲£˼˵޹ؽҪĶ
ʶԼ˵ĲԣȾ̳ͣȴԽԽڵĸо˵ģʥŮ޹ؽҪĶأô˵Ǹ˰ǶأʥŮǧⰡ
ǧѩɫ˲ͺˣ˵ʲô޹ؽҪ˼ڣܸоǹô˵ģ̫˰ɡ
Ȼȴûбֳ˵֪ȾԺĵģأҲСˡ
ȾؿڣһҾͷˡ
ǧѩаޣȾĿҲ֪޷ԿȾҲֻš
Ⱦ֪Լ˵ĹͻȻ˵Ȼ㳤;ѧԺкöʳģǽѧԺΪӷϴɣҲҶǸ⡣


1423 ѳԵĲ

ǧѩһЩܳ
ҪΪӷϴ
Ҳ̫˰ɡǰôûѧԺôԻ˵ʱѧУ׸ıˣ
ǧѩ˫һʱͲ֪˵Щʲôκƿ꣬˵ȾԺҲصΪҽӷϴҲѧԺĻŬѵΪɡ
Ⱦڰ֣ɫÿĻȣѵͽӷϴͻʥŮͲҪƴˣԵѧԺûζġ
ǧѩ죬Ҳ̰ѧԺʱйζˣ
ǰѧϰʱһжϸµʱŪᣬȷнġ
ȻȾԺ飬ҲͲˡǧѩһЦЦݴҵ塣
ȾĿ΢ȴֲɫ
ǧѩվһ࣬ǵЦֶ˼֣ѧԺ飬ȻûвµеĿģҲѹ֣һΣ֪أ
뵽˴ǧѩ˿ʱһΣһͺ
ٹãǧС˾ͻˡʱҲὫԼժøɸɾ
ǧѩָ⣬ʶǧȥͼҲһֱԼ˫˫ں䣬·ܽһп͸
ʥŮΪ㿴Ұǧֵڴ䣬Цù⻪貣ȴͬԨһ㣬˺Ȼ
ǧѩˣͷȻһһʱ˵
ǧһЦ㲻ʲôɣ
˵˵˭ʲôⰡǧѩɫ䣬ܻ
ǧʼ磬㲻ٶԡ
ǧѩҲԼղ̫׼͵ˣҲˡ
ҹĻ٣Ⱦ򵥵ڴУֻǧǼˣЩѧʳгԷȫڴ϶Ǽ¡
ȼţůɫյøܰ
ǧѩ۶ţһЩ򵥵ĲƷвһĨɫ
Щ򵥵ĲƷ˵ʲôҪΪӷϴѧԺȻѾֵز
ǧѩ죬ﲻɸ˼֡
ʱǧ˵ּǧѩģһ䵭ЦʥŮΪ飬ǾòƷθ𣿡
һˢˢǧѩЩˣЩˣ·ֻҪ˵ʲôθڵĻͻὫȥ
ǧѩſˮ뵽˴ѧԺ˼ԴѧԺһżһЦݣﰡЩ˶Ǽõģô᲻θأ
ǾͺãһΪʥŮԹɽ亣ζЩҳСˡǧüһ޾ķ̡
ǧѩɫһ䣬ȴֲ˵Щʲô
ȻʥŮûʲô⣬ǾͿʼѧԺûʲôء䣬ǧ豭һ豭ĵ˫ְ𪣬Ҳһ㡣
ǧѩһЦƬ̺ŽӾ
ǧˣĿ˻
ʱԴҲѾΪ˲ԵĲƷǧһһùĹģɰǳ
ǧѩһۺòҧһû뵽ƽĮޱߵĴʦξȻĶûˡ
ǼϵĲƷֻǳһڣͲ㽫ĲƷ³
ǺӣǼ˶
ǧѩ£ִϵĲˮ˹ˡغˮžÿںںࡣ
Ⱦǲµˣ΢Щʱ򣬳ʵʥŮղôˣôôˮ
ǧѩڰ֣е㲻˼ʵҲûʲô̫һ㡭
Ⱦһɫ䣬ȴǲѺôܣֻں΢һζôһζ˵̫ˣ
ҡǧѩüͷ˵ЩʲôֱȾϡ
ǾǵˣʥŮ󣬾ȻԲȾһЦ˵Ļȴ˲̫
ʲôгԲⶫ̫ˣ
ǧѩٿĪ磬˫Ҳǵͨ죬Ȼ˶Եýζȫûоһ⣬ҲɫҲͬġ
ѵԼһԲˣ
ǧѩ˫ܿ˳ĬУּǰ峴ײˣֻһ˳
̰Ƿ˶ΰ
ǧѩֳ״ˣһξȻ˶˳Ҳ̫ò˰ɡ
Ⱦӷ£ɫҲ˲˼֣ʥŮһô£峴ײʲôԵĵط𣿡
ǧѩָǰ̲ˣ챻̿ˣ峴ײҲ̫˰ɣȾԺѧԺĳǲǵְ̲


1424 ǧѩ

ȾԹɫɳ˼֣ʥŮ˵⻰ǲЩãѧԺĳӶǶõĳӣᵭ̲أ
ǣǰ峴ײḷ́ȻǱ˺öΡǧѩüеô˲ȥ
ȾۣҲ΢ǣǳԵʱ򶼲ж̣ǵ̲̣
䣬Ⱦǰ峴ײһײ˵ζڿڳݼ䣬Ҳһ۾
Ҳ׷׼峴ײˣʱһܱ顣
īζǰĲ豭Ψ²ҵ峴ײʥŮ˵ζʥŮ²ڻʹˣζҲ˰ɣΪӵҲûʥŮ󡣡
ǧѩǰð亹˽еĿӣɫҲ΢ӵ㲻ҪᣬҶȻûģղŵЩζȻҸܴˣٳһ԰ɡ
ԡī迴иֳЦ⣬ȴ
ǧѩδе⣬ֻӲͷƤεĿ½һƬײҶڵʱǹŨصζϯζ٣˶ˡ
ɫһ䣬ر뽫ڰײµһ뵽īĻͷƤ˲䷢ֻӲڰײ£ûн顣
̵֮ɫΪѿʮֻӬһ
ʥŮײ̲̰īζŲ豭Цһ䡣
ǧѩҧ˫˺һñȽŵһ㶼̣ղһڰײ˿ûнȰɣڳԵھͺöˣһܸܵײζ
ͺˣһΪʥŮǵζͬīЦɤг˵٩ζ
ǧѩ΢ӦԺЦЩǿ
ȻûʲôˣǾͼԡȾǴʱģ䣬Ŀ䵽ǧѩϣЦñ⣬۵׷·һĨš
ǧͷע⵽Ǳߵ̧˼ۡ
ֻһۣע⵽ǧѩЩڵɫף·ЩίƵġ
ˣǧʶȾ˼ۣ·Ѿʲô
ٷζԵ˸⾡ˣǧѩȴûôˣǰĲȶѳԵ˷ָ峴ײ˺̣ڶܲ⾹ǿʣֱ˵ʲôģֻƴѳԶ̡
ֱŵõ˽ѡ
ǧѩŶӣ淭θģرܡ
Ⱦó˽ߣϵĲиɨһֱǰȴûҪߵ˼ƺлҪ˵
ǧѩŲʣüΪԹȾ
ڿ첻ˣٲȥĻֻ³
ʥŮյٷζΣȾֽĿ䵽ǧѩϡ
ǧѩѳԷĥ޿ȾôҲ˵ֻŶ˵ΥĵĻȾԺٷǼõģֻǳһڱܸоʳĵʺ
ʳĵȷʣζòѹ֣ʥŮԵĻͦġȾ뵽ǼյӣеЦ˲
ǧѩٴαѿڼ˵Եö
Ŵ꣬ȴҲֻܸɰͰЦΪ̫óˣԾͶһ㡭
ԭˡȾֵڴ䣬ЦüΪǷ⡣
ǧѩŶӣ淭θģֻھͻȥЪϢ
ȾһҲܣԾɲɫĵ˯ʥŮѧԺѾΪ׼סһҾѧȥ
лȾԺǧѩ˫ֻϣھȥס
ʱǧذŷεָͷ۽ǵȴһֱͶǧѩϡ
ղǧѩһֱ˵ѳԣȻװģ϶ȾЩƷʲôֽţŻʹ̫̻̫ټϲɫһǧѩҲûԹжȾīһƲǧѩֻܽʡ
ỳɣԼǲ̫ˡ뵽˴ǧãⳡԭǧѩĽĵģ˭룬ȾȻ㻵صڲƷֽš
˷Ϊ˰Լͷǧ𴽽ǣҲů˼֡
Ҳ֪˶ãǧѩܲסʱȾŴ󷢴ȱȻѾǾͻȥЪϢɣʥŮѧȥ㷿ɡ
ǧѩһ˾һ˫ģлȾԺҾȻطˡ
䣬ǧѩת뿪뿪ʱŶӣܡ
Ⱦ뿪ķеЦԽԽ࣬ôֹסˡ



1425 ҩ

ЦǧĿͶȥЦôģǲǧѩʲôֽŰһ˵̣һ˵϶ô򵥰ɣ
ȾеЦ⻹ûֹסЦԽԽ뵽ǧѩղűӣҲԽԽȷж˵ֽţǰĲǵճģ˲ΣЩﻹ˵֭
ֿģǧѩ޳С˸
ǧֱӽ豭ϣЦ̫ţˣп˵ֱģ
䣬һӣ˶˷ˡ
ī˵ģҲղҷǧѩˣһ˵ʲôֻܽˮ̣ڻǲԼζˣֱǴġ
䣬ҲˣҸղŷǧѩǰĲ˻϶ԿˣôѳԣȻܳ꣬ǲ˼顣
ǧʼ磬ЦҲû취ԵĻǵȾԺ϶Ҫ߶ˣôںӣҲֻŲر棬ȥ֮᲻³
Ⱦָ⣬ܶѡ
ǧҲЦûû£ҲģҲֻһʼѡ
ⷬ䣬˵ɫˣü֮Ҳ˼ּ
ȹЩǧѩжµʱҪ군
ڴһصסС
ڶա
ŸոѧԺĴžͱˡ
ѧԺŵľȻͰ
Ͳǰöˣȫ¶ƽһĨµǣѾʬߣЩʬҲ²ӣҲһ顣
ֹˣʬߵĵط˲̶ͬȵãټȣ϶ˣһָʬĳζŻ
ŵļѧŵϵĳζûѬּкɫʬߣӲɵɳ·ܵʲôš
ʲôˣΪҪѧԺװŪ
ʬߡѾˣǻ˰ɣ
ǰϿ϶ʬߵİ
ѧੲݣ˵ʬʱٴεɴ˶Щҡҡ׹ˡ
찡ǻ˰ɣ
ѧǵɺ͵⣬Ͱ˲ͷƤ飬ƿ꣬ǣǲǻˣǶѧԺͰҷεġ
ѧһǱһ
˾ȻǷѧԺͰɡͰȻĺܣ˵Ҳˣ˳õǲȫܳƵˣǰʬߣõĺۼܺմϱߣ
ǵɣҲⲻܡ
ǰǱϮմȾ˻˵Һű˽ӡ
ΪⶾֻҪ½ⶾҩͳˣ˭֪ûɷأŲһ춼Ѿʼˡ
ȥǾˡ
ѧԺԺԴҲûκΰ취ѧԺõҩóҲԾû취ⶾ޷ԼãֻΡ
ǴʦȻа취ǵģ
ͱ˵ˣȻϣͰȷʵͦءȫǰߣãҲ˼˵ǣ
ǻ뿪ɣιӿСķģ
ǰ߰ɡ
ѧǼ˵˼άҲͦҲǲǻˣҪʸ֦ؤ
ǿϵ·еѽ㣬ҽȥʮ𼱵顣ָָϵ·ָָеĳÿһݡ
ˣҲͳһ֤ԼݵĶ
ѧǼˣĿɿڴ˶Щˡ
ǳǽȻҲ֪õʲôټ϶ѧԺҲͦñϣؿڴѧԺ֡
˶ȫǰҲ˵ͰǡǵʲôȻ˳ª
ѧǵԴӣҲЩл㱡
Ͱһۣȫպޣû߳ѧԺۿǳսۣҲˡ
һеһиˣŪǣʵ̫ɶˣ
뵽˴ѳݵģľͺѾĻˡ
ѧһ̽䱸
ͰʶԣеջҲʱ˼֣˵֪ǵ˰ɣЩȥѰҷΣ



1426 ͵ͷ

ѧҲľΪʵ̫Ż
ˣſڵһ°ɣǽȥͨһ˵ѧ˲˿ڣҲóȻ˽ȥһʲôͲˡ
ͰһۣѾõĽˡǻǰʹȥˣɽʱͬգˣôһѿĹӣʵŲ
ֻվѧԺ⣬۰Ͱ͵ǼѧϢ
ûһŵļѧˣͰ˫˲ˣӭȥʵôܽȥ𣿡
ѧһŵǲδҵιӣô˵ιӺСˣҪȻܻ
Ͱһۣкһʧɫ
ȻҪһᣬǻΪһӾܼΣ˭֪ǾȻˣǸһҲ֪Ҫʱ
ͰҧĲˬӿ˳ǽǰѧȻǻδܲܽȥȣ
⡭ѧһɣһʱҲò⡣
һµĹӣǽѧԺĻɿֻš
ֻ²СѧǳƬ̣ܾѧԺһֱǺϽģ治㽫˷Žȥ
˵ɫ˲һڡ
ǵȷˣЩѧǾèжԶܶԶ¾Ȼ̧ˡ
Ͱֽѵȴ˫ոʹǳϵ⣬ȫûгֵ
˵ĶȻôҧһеȴôҲβ
ʱȾӴ߳ѧԺſڱ˸ˣźе֡
䣬Դ˹ȥʲôΪһѧԺſڣ
ȾѧǾ񿴵ĹһͻĸֳɫȾԺͻȻ˵ҪҷιӣѧԺǺϸģûаǷŽȥ
ȾһӾͿվſڵͰ
˵˫ΪĿȫǣõĵطЩףȥõͷһȾһʱ䲢δϳ
˭ΪͻȻˣȾüͷᱻвʲôɣ
ȾѧرҪͰɫ˲ͱˡ
Ѿ˶ϲĵز
ΧķΧе仯ѧæЦ˵ȾԺǶѧԺͰǴҷιӵġ
ȾΪ˼֡
ȻͰôˣ
ȾϸϸǼۣѧһ㣬ϲģǵ׳ͷʬߵĵطѾˣʵڶĵĺܡ
Ųʱ䣬ͱģˣҲ̫˰ɡԭǰһʱȻûϳǲɣȾӣЦ΢ЩΡ
ͰˣҲ޷ǵı顣
ҧҧʹԼƽû£ǵˣȾԺûϳҲпԭҲԼģˡ
ȾЦȷ˵ģоһͻΪһ
Ͱָ⣬ֵȾԺǽҷιӵģ֪պʱ
ΪҪȾǣЩسѯʡ
ͰһۣŽеĿ˵
Ⱦ󣬲Щ𾪣Щ˵ĶȻ̣½ⶾҩȻܽ⿪أǲʱҽεĻֻ»ȫö
ҷΣҽκ𣿡Ⱦ°ͣٴγѯʡ
Ͱ̵ͷǵģ֪ȸ½Ĵʦ˶Ȼܽϵľ綾ġ
Ⱦ𴽰꣬Ц
ͰûףҲ˼֣ȾԺιӵ׺ʱŻۣҲۣʵܲˡ
ȾҪ˵ƳӰϸһǧͷΡ
һһ׵Ӱۡ
ȾˣƿҪҵѾˣڷܲܽǵĶͿô˵ˡ
ѾˣͰ˫˲𣬾ץסĳһ
ˢˢŤͷĿȵضԶķβš
ǧͷͲѧԺſЩԾֽӴȵĿ⣬òԾˡ
߽ʱǧͷѧԺſվŮӣŮӵЩˣȫʬߡ


1427 ûյ

ֹˣϵʬ߶ѾʼŧһЩ׵ĺۼ㿴ȥ͵ͷѾõ֡
ų棬ǧЩһʱ侹ûϳ
ʱ򣬿Ҳһ㸯ʬζǧз֣ȻŮɢġ
˶Ż
ǧɫŲӣϵıȴûһ仯ѧԺſںְλǣ
Ͱ˲ǰЩӻǧţŹ죬Ȼˣ
Ůôôɶ񰡣
ܵǿҵĲʺͺ⣬ǧĪ
ӦûֱʶȼߵͷɡͰȾΧΣ˵
ǧ˲һ㶣˿˼ۣܿͷǵȷЩϤȻõĺۼǲġ
ǾЩ˼飬ʱͱģˣⶾҲ̫˰ɡӴĿ⣬Ͱɫ˲һ䣬Ҳ罩Ӳһ㣬ٽͷ£һҼ˵ģ
γǿһۣ·һ㶼⣬üͷûһ¡
ͰԴȴø͡
ôһӿһۣܾرԱҩģǧԴʹһ䡣
̵ͷȴûнͷ̧
ǧƺͦϲü˳۵ģġ
ΣеЩⶾҩܰǽⶾ𣿡ǧŤͷü֮ȫǺ档
ζĿ⣬ֻļһƬڰĶҩܹͱĵطĶҩǲͬģҲȷܲܽҽκá
㶼ȷ𣿡ǧ˫Щ
һصͷȫûа㿪Цļ
ʵϷаκõģǲ죬ټЩõ飬ֺαسأ
ǧھɿ¶ľ⣬һͻȻšüЦ
ȷ
Ҫǿеľ⣬Ĺ
ǧһתΪϷ˵˱øˣ㶼ܽⶾҲ˵ڰĶǳôͰҪΣˣ
ȾҲЩؿ˷һۡ
ܽⶾڲͰİɡ
ʦ治ܰǽⶾ𣿡Ͱ˲䱻ס˶պ
ܽⶾĻҪˣ
ʱȫļã״ңǿŮôܹ
ʦǲһҪǰͰ̾ͼˣҪ±ȥȥεĴˡ
ǵüͷûһ£ƿ꣬Įˮûаյ飬һ㲻֣ơ
һϵѪɫ˲ȫޡ
ȻʦûаգҪ군
Ǹô찡˿޿䣬ȫѪҺҲ˲ͷ䵽˽ŵġ
û˵һ۶ûиǣԵޱȡ
Ͱһۣнеһ˲һɲǣ˵Щҡҡ׹վˡ
ԾɵĮһĽϵǧϣ˸벻ۡ
Ͱζã̵ײײߵǧߣһɲǣΪŨĸζ
ǧһΣûѬ
ܿ죬˾Ѿǧվǽȫһ˲еˣǧǰǲԣǲüģôʦȾǰɣܲסˣʹȫʹ
ǧǣһ˲ҲǻͦϸһжԼġ
ҪͻȻ뿴֣Ҳᱻ׷ɱҪҲڵһȫǱӦʲôʲôܹƽİ
ǧƿ꣬ģҼҷ˵ûаգӦþûаհɣǰԽҽԽǻẦǣ
Ͱһۣ̾ͱסˡ
ǰһԽҽԽأ
Ҫøӳªȫǵòʧ
ԭǱŷεĿڱģ϶ܽҽκõģ˭ȻҲУյĸϹҩĻԸҽˡ
Ȼʦ޷ҽκõĻǾ˰ɡͰһ£˿ڡ
ǧüһǵС˼һǵЦݾ͸˼֡
Ͱ뿪ʱһֱ濴ֵǧѩͻȻѧԺ߳ɴɫɴȹɫţ毺õȫ˳ҲͬŮһ㣬ʥޱȡ



1428 Ӧҩɣ

ʲôǧѩ˹ɫɴȹڷĻȡ
ǧѩǧ˻ΣһĨЦ˲۵֣δ˵ֻǾǧѩ߽
ܿǧѩ˹һ۾Ϳ׵ͷһˣŵĸʬζһʶڱסҲһĨɫ
˭ΪģѧԺſڣǧѩüͷеŨ˼֡
ǧѩͰˢˢȥּ˸ž˵֮⣬üͷ˲ͶҲ˵⡣
Ů˭
ΪƯͿǣ
ϧǧɫ·Ů˼ֱ͵˳
ҲòǧƯ֬С࣬ëʱ˸ӯӯ⣬ö˵ң˻ζ
ֳǧ˼ۣĳˡ
ǧѩվһ࣬˹ֶԼмһ˵ģǧͷ·Ѿ۷һʵ
ȾԺ˾˭ѧԺкʱؤˣǧѩƿ꣬ȻЩڲԵġ
ͰԼ˵ؤЩסˣǲѿЩûǺģʲôؤŮ˵׻᲻˵
㾿ʲô˼ǧѩǺģ·Ҫǧѩ˺ѣǶǷѧԺˣʲôؤŮ̫ãʲôģ
ǧѩ΢Щ˾ȻǷѧԺˣ
ķѧԺȻôĵŮˣ¡ǧѩЦһҲ΢мͷ̡
λǷѧԺ̳Ϊ˻˵Һ֮ԲŻģΧ΢䣬ȾæԲ
ǧѩֱһ¡
ȻǷѧԺ̳
ѧԺǾ˵ܻǽŵô˶գܳΪ̳
Ҳʵ̫˰ɡǧѩϵ𾪺Σֳ˿һۣҪȫǷ̣ԭǷѧԺ̳˲òء
ͰɫȻһ䡣
ʲô˲ò࣬˵Ǻܳ
ǲж˶ѣҪָ۷ʱڣǰŮҲǺÿ٣˵
λ㵽ʲô˼ͰͻȻҲżŭǧѩͷ
ʲô˼Ǿø𾪺ͺѡǧѩ̧°ͣΨ²ҵ˵
ۿŮ˾Ҫˣǧһŷεƣһ߳˵ʥŮҾ㻹˵ɣ˼ѧԺҽҲǿˣôԿǲЩã
ǧѩһ£Ȼǧ˵ˣǳ裡
Ŵû˵ҲȾø
Ͱû뵽ǧ˵һʱҲԭء
ʱǧƿֵ꣬ʥŮǰǺƼҼĭһǲƼҵĽⶾҩ
ǧѩһʱʲôʶ˵ͷƼĹϵǲȻͷҲƼĽⶾҩʳЩʲô
ҲûʲôǧһЦ˵ƼҩңֽⶾҩЧ϶ǳʹ࣬㲻ⶾҩóԿ
ǧͰע⡣
ǽǧѩ˲ų
ǧѩǵĿһʶһҲǱŻһƼҵĽⶾҩǣеǺڰĶЩҩǲܽɣ
Բͳˣǧ˫ֻأǳͨҩǲܹⶾƼҵҩͲһˡ
˵Ŀ˼֣Ǻ޲ôȥֱ
ǧѩݺһۣ֪ǧ˵ЩȻк·ں˰ɣؤһŮĿⶢԼͺ޲ýԼ̻ˡ
ǱҰǧ˼ϵЩҩҲһκǡ
κҲóؤŮˣԼá
ǿ˼Ͱǧѩϣ϶õģƼҩңܶ˶֪ƼҵĵҩãⶾҩҲãôƴǾǲóԲԣ
һǧѩһĸ첲һֵӡ
ǧѩǵľٶһδͱϵĸζѬˣһＫΪѲѲ
ȷſҡǧѩܲסǵȻ󺰴ȫʧΪʥŮ̬



1429 ļҩɣ

ǧ˫ֻأǰ־硣
ղǧѩڿϷʱǧͷȻôϲϷǾ侳ζˣҲ֪ʬߵһָܡ
Ȼ֪ǹģּɫеЦҲ˼֡
Լϱôϲ֣Ǿֻˡ
ʱȾҲ˫ֻأһϷģ
Ů˶ͦģһͦ棬ҲӦһϻҧ
һӣֻáһǧѩұߵӾȻˣһѩ׵ұ۾㱩¶ڿУ˷׷פΧۡ
ǧѩﾭܵסЩɫѸһ䣬һͽƵ˵ϣô£ģҵˣǹİɣ
Ͱڵϣʹֱ۵ѳǧѩĿҲԹ
ƿ꣬Ǿҩģ㲻ͲɣҪƵΪԼǸʲô
ǧѩվһ࣬Цʲôҿȸ½ʥŮ˵ģ
󲻽ȻǸʥŮ
ʥŮӦŸ߹ĵ
ǰ鱩꣬۸ڶŮˣǴ˵еʥŮ
е˲ʹǧѩҧҧ뽫ⶾҩˣԲûнⶾҩǻұ˰ɡ
վһԵǧȴЦһ˫۾֪ǧѩֱӾܾģΪĵؾˣ˽
Ͱʹ˷ƿ
ܣ
ǧϸʱͰѸٴӵһΣǻǱǧѩ˫˫ŲţŧˮĦϡ
ǧѩˣֱŵô󺰴ǿְҾ㲻ǽⶾҩҲ
ӵľزţǾմȾϻҺжģҲ֪ǵŧˮ᲻жλʥŮҪҪһ飿
ǧѩȻɴ˫Ƿ˰ɣԼжˮֲеˣ
ȲģͰҲнⶾҩǲó뿴ȥ԰ɣȻǾһж
ӣǶǷӡǧѩʧУ·ͷҲȫˡ
ǰĳ·һʾ׵ȴϷѧǿ˰죬Ŀɿڴ
˵Ůһ̨ϷȻû
ǸǧѩŸ߹ţû뵽Ҳֱֽøûʲô𣬾ǿī蹫ӣȻøѡ
ѧǶָָ㣬ǧѩɫ˲ˣҲҡҡ׹ŤͷȾץסʲôһȾԺȾҰŮ˷ˣˮ
ľȾʼ磬ЩŮ֮£ǲǲã
ǧѩһɫ˲Ұס
ʲôŮ֮£һغ¡
Ⱦˣ׸ô찡
ȾǧѩЦʥŮҪβ罫ⶾҩˣҲʡñ
ǧѩһû˵ļ֣Ǳپ˺òãھͽⶾҩǣ
󣬻ֹͣ
ǧѩŲʣռָеĽⶾҩȡüƿⶾҩͰĿ⡣
ƼҵĽⶾҩȻߴϡ
ȥȡǧѩⶾҩǣɫ˲
ͰȴûһѸټϵĽⶾҩЩƼƵĽⶾҩͨûʲôڵζһģҲûʲôЧ
øõطڸã۵ĵطҲۣһЧûС˶һۣӶԷпһ㾪ȡ
ЩɶƼƵĽⶾҩȻһЧûУ
ôܣ
ǣǧѩͨҩŪǣĻͲûЧģ
뵽˴ͰеŭɫŨ
ѾˣȻŪǣĹȥ
ŭɫһ¶һʰ
ǧѩҲܵǵŭɫһΪңҶѾǽⶾҩˣǻϷŹ𣿡
ͰҧгݣݣԼʲôⶾҩԼƼҵĽⶾҩΪһЧûУΪʥŮû뵽ģֱ˵ŪͨɫŪǾʲô˼
ǧѩ䶯Ŵ꣬Ǳ˵ƿԡ
ʲô˼



1430 Ч̫

óľƼƵĽⶾҩʵԲм١
ǣǲţȻ⵽ʲôóҪɣҩûþ˵ڰĶʲô°
ǧѩüŪҲЩһ±㿪˵ҸǵƼƵĽⶾҩǵĶΪûб˵ڰĶʵ̫ΨкڰĽҩܽеĽⶾҩͲɡ
أԳѵ˵ģ
ܵõڰĽҩ˵ֻܵ
Ͱ˲¶ʹ࣬жĿҲǷݿǵ˼Ť˼֡
Щ϶Ƽҵҩ϶ǣ˻ţƾһѽǧѩ˵ڵأͨҩŪǣŮΪΪҪԴǣ
ǧѩݵסˣûкŪǣûС
УСѾȥ˵Ļˣǲ˺ǧѩͷ˫Ť
վһǧǣһ
жŤŻİǧǰ־磬һʱҲûгЩʲô
ȾҪֹ룬ȴվûг֡
ʱǧѩѾǳ˫ŤֻáһһͷӲ˲ǧѩ۵ѳݵġ
ǧվԭؿţһ˲ֻԼҲЩͷƤۣŮ˵ɱҲ̫˰ɡûһʱǧѩȻˣһ˲ѪͰԾɲ㣬ǽϵŧˮȫ䵽˿ϡ
һ˲䣬ŧˮ˿Уܿͻһ
ǧѩȻɴ۾ȫҲŷʲôҵ˿ڴʲô
ͰЦŤҲûʲô˿ڴͿһЩŧˮѣĺ֪ǵŧˮ᲻ж᲻ж
ԣǧѩ˼Ĳ˫Ҳɺޱȣӣӡ
Ƿˣ㿴ǵģˣ㾹ȻͨҩŪǣǱƷİ˻ǧѩĤۡ
ǧѩŬҪƿȴԼûʲôˡ
Ҳڴʱ֣ЩŧˮжģͻȻȫúҲʼˣ裬
ϾȻʬˣǵŧˮж˿ǧѩı仯Ц
ʱǧѩûȫۣϾȻ˺ɫʬߣЩʬܲԵüΪġ
ǧѩ̾͸ܵϵĲԾۣЩʪģʲôڻŧѿζŨŧˮ
ҵôˣǧѩܿ͸ܵϵĲԾʪĸоǲǳˣҵǲǳˣ
ǧѩָԼͿ޳ˡ
ʱͰڴЦţЦ
ǧǼˣһ㶣Ҳû뵽˾ôıЩŧˮֻҪմȾ˿Ͼͻ˲˹ģ
ŧˮݿĻ˵˶ģʱ򣬺ڰٳû½ϵ˾Ͷûлֻˡ
ô˴½Ǻڰ֮
տʼǧûʶ㣬һʶ;ⶾҪ⣬ȺĲˣǸ޹ˡ
ǧε°ڣдżС
Ȼ֪ЩʲôҲֲУȻŧˮܴԺһи˽ӴǿɾͲˡ
ΣǲǸðǽⶾǧƿ꣬ѹ˵һ䡣
ȷǸýⶾˡ
ȻˣҲΪǶк޹ˣֵá
θֽⶾͼǧѩӿռָȡһƿһƿҩˮ滹һɼΪŨҵĺڰϢ
ǧѩֱӽƿǴ򿪣ͷȥò˵ƿҩˮЧĲǧѩԺϵʬ߾ȻۿüٶˣЩõҲڡ
ٴαð˳֬һ㡣
һз·͸ħһһһ㶵ģǧҲΪȣղЩźڰϢҩˮȻܽ˶صģЧȻôã
ǧƣ뽫ҩˮоһĳ嶯
ҲƿҩˮȴĮɣ˿Щʲô
ʱȾָȴһĨ񣬡ʥŮղŵƿҩˮô£ΪһӾܽؽЧҲ̫˰ɣ



1431 أ

Ⱦĺ棬ǧѩ˫ֲһҲŽ˽ԭǲ뽫Щҩˮóġ
ϾЩҩˮɺڰƣͻȻóᱻ˻ɣټЩҩˮ˶صģҩЧˣֻҪһЩܽ˴ȫأָܻһ˺۶¡
⡭ǧѩָ⣬һʱ䲻֪ô˵
ҩˮЧôã϶ɡŮˣҪǣҲὫóղ̫ˣԼᱻݡ
ʥŮ⵽ʲôҩˮȾƿ꣬ơ
ǧѩ򴽣ǰ亹ð
ǧͷ˫ֻأϾؿҲ뿴ôԲš
ǧѩ˫Դɣһǿ˿ڣܼѣղŵƿҩˮƼƵĽⶾҩҸղŸǺµģͨҩ
ЩҩˮǺڰģ˵ЩҩˮƼҵġ
ղŸǼٻΣǸ߹ޱȵʥŮؤһŮ˼Լɣ
뵽ǧѩ̱޿̧°ͣһȻģ
Ļش𣬲ǧЦ
ԭԺڵķʽӱܺͺڰĹϵֱǼõġǧͻȻ˫Щ˼찡ʥŮҲ˵ղǹǺͨҩģҲ̫˰ɣȻƭǣ
һѧҲ׷׳ָ
Ⱦ˫ֻأҲ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ʥŮ˵ġ
ǧѩͲµڣܱȱ֪ԼǺڰǿɣ
Ҳģһֱڱңҵʱ̫ˣóһƿҩǺºҲ֪Լôˡǧѩָ⣬ۿźί
óľװˣѧһĶ컯ˡ
ǧˣЦҲ˵ʥŮǹ⣬ôʱʵʱ򻹲˵أҪȵԼ˻öó㲻˵ĻǾͲóˣ
һ˵ı鶼΢
ѽԼ˲Ͳóˣ
飬ͦ˽İǧѩҧгݣǧš
ʱ򡭡ͰҲ˹Ǹղżǧѩҩˮȫⱻ𾪵ˣǧѩ˵һŭӿͷ
۾ٴŤˡ
ŮǺģǺͨҩˮԼжͺºõҩˮ˽ǧѩ·һҪȥҧһ
ǧѩɵҲ˼֣ҸղŲǶ˵ҲǹģҾô˶ѣҪⶾĻԻὫⶾҩǵġ
һ˫˲ǾͿЩǰ
ǧѩеĲʣŲ鲻ԸҩˮȡһѶǵЩǽⶾҩȺȰɣǽⲻ˶Ͳܹˡ
һ̷̵ֻҪ㲻ͨģǵĶ϶ܽ
䣬ͷͽҩˮһ
ǧѩţҧһ
ҩˮûãϵʬ߾ȻȫʧЩúۼҲʧͷ·ħһԭªͷȻ˴˶˾֡
ǧѩ΢΢һû뵽˾üΪܳƵˣԼȾ˿һ룬е㲻ˡ
ⶾҩЧãͰҲָˡȾڴʱڣЩΨ²ҵ˵ʥŮõҩӦЩóЩóҲƽô־硣
ǧҲһԵͣⳡ־缰ʱֹͣȻ˶ҪΪȸ½ʥŮǸ־Сء
С
ǧȻ˵С
ǧѩ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱֻЩѣҲܣҶ˵ˣҸտʼ֪֪
˵ǧѩĿѾŤħ
ǧ˲£лһĨЦ⣬Цȴδ۵ף·𻹻һ㵭ķ̣Ŷ˵֪Ͳ֪ɡ
˵ƮƮĿǧѩû
ǧ޲úѪ⡣
ǧûо𴽽Ц
ǧѩýĿջأȥҺ£̫֪˰ɣȻǿнڵϣ⽫ҵٻҲܳΪѧԺľӢֱǻ
һǧЩͬؿһۣȻˣҪ֪Ͱʡ͵ĵƣ˵Ĺˣֻᱻסƺ
ǧŸոôһ룬عʱǧѩ汻˸ˡ



1432 λ

һǧѩ˵ģĿ¶׹⣬ԭɴ˿ȴԸһǧѩڻ¡
вɣЩ֣ǧѩֱǿסͷҲҲ˺ţһʱʹۼ̲ס󺰴
ͰľɲΪһЦղŲǽⶾҩҲͰˣڻǵʵʥŮ񰡡
ǧѩٴδ𣬷ҵĸףӣҲǶ˵ˣֻô˶ѣûйⲻǽⶾҩ
ЦǲǹģֻԼ
ǧѩץļΪһ˲ҪȴţһħͷŲ
ⳡ־绹δͣЪ˼ȾȻּɣѧԺſڴܹЩӰģƿ꣬ԲȥҲǰ취˿ⷬӵľٶҲʵЩ
ԣֹͣ˺̽·ã·ѱ˺ѣҲһˣžŮ
ȾԺ˼ӦΣǧѩһ뵽ղű裬Ϣˡ
ͰҲȾ˵ǧѩĽⶾҩǣйǧѩóⶾҩ
ͲᣬͲ
Ů˶񶾷ǳǧҪɶҲԲŹġ
ǧͷ˫ֻأվһ࣬鷢ľˡ
ⳡҧĴϷ˻ζ
ǧµţֳȾһۣЩʲôеķ
εĿ£Ⱦ䣬ؿڵǾʽһܰɣѧԺи̨߾Ҳǰ취һóӮǾ͸ܳˡ
һ˵Ҳ鲻
ܴһȻǼõģܹʤðԼ˳۵˲ڽ¡
һתȻڴӦġ
ǧˣǶµĳŨŨȤ˺ʽǻǺˣã˭ʹһܺˣӮ˾ķڷ˶ʥŮأֹͬĶҪһϣ
Ҳ˵Ҫһ
⻰էһЩϸһȴúе
ͰйͬҪҵĿ꣬ΪʲôһԴأ
ǧѩȴЩˣƿ꣬ŭȵʧʰɣһڴļ𣿡
ļңǧʲôЦһ㣬䴽Ц㰡ҾǾŹʰǵĿ㣬ΪҪǷֿأǷֿĻʧʰɣìܾҪһ𻯽Ⱑһģǿ𣿡
ǧѩ󣬲䶯Ŵ꣬ȴʲôĻû˵
еȻ޷ǧѩѾʧǧЦʥŮһ϶Ҳµİɣ˾Ͷ
ҲͶġǧѩüȫ⡣
ǧ΢𴽰꣬Цȴǧѩȫˣ޲ýŪ
ǰΪβһϣͰһԸͣǧҲ˳˼֡
ǾһϰɣʥŮ㻹ʲôȾ˼ͬ飬־ЩףתͷͿһԵǧѩ
ǧѩվһԣû
ѾӦˣٲӦĻԵԼΪ飬˫鲻Ը˵Ҳͬ⣬Ƕһʲôµģ
Ǳ㿪ʼɡȾָָѧԺе̨ʾȥ
ǧѩҧҧص̨
ͰһۣܿҲһֱ̨롣
ңңÿжս⣬ǧѩս޲ýȫɱ
ǧѩͳһȣһΧĿҲ˼֣ȻмѩھƯ
ͰˣЩ
ǧѩȻǱϵħʦֻͳһȾ˸ܵ⣬ڱϵħѾǳǿˡ
ϾһˣΣܽһɱ˲ɣ
뵽˴Ͱ԰˼֣ϵЦҲһЩǿǧѩоȻһĨNɪ
ǧѩδǵćNɪ˦еķȣһ˲ѩ̾ͽ̨涳ᣬһ˿˿ıѩɢ֮վһԵѧҲˡ
ǲĦֱۣ·ҪЩɢɢ
䰡ûǧѩıϵħȻ
ī蹫ʶȻҲ̫ģոǸӺƽռŸ߹е㲻ͬ



1433 ѩ

ܻģر棬˭Ӯأ
ѧੲݣⳡʤҲ˺档
һ¾ǵʤܻһЩϾˣҶǷѧԺľӢǧѩֻһˣ˵Ҳˡ
Ȼս϶Ҳеƣֵͦڴġ
ʱ̨ͱѩǣһѩ˸žӨ֮ɫȥͦɱȴǼģı·һͻɴ⬡
Ͱ˶һۣͳеǰЩȫնϣǵٶȺܿ죬ڱʱһӰ
顱
ڵϵʱ˲仯һ̲ˮʧ
ǧѩ˫һУٴξзȣһɲıѩٴ£ܿͽ˶ԭء
˫һᣬ˾Ͳöһ¾ͳ׸ĸ
ǧѩͷһϲҲһɫٴγʤ׷еķҲȻɢһƴĹââɢЩıѩȻһϸ룬ЩȫǱɵġ
䣬ȴҲ̼Ǳסգ۾ͻѡͰˣȻɴ˫ͫҲһ£Ȼñѩǧ룬Ҳ̫˰ɡֹǣ̨ǧҲһ¡
Ȼ֪ǧѩмＸɲŰ¹ȥǧѩȻħΣֹô࣬ô
ǧѩ츳ʱˣ
ǧǰĳ棬˼⣬һÿüҲ
ھħΣμ¶࣬ƴ
嵭ǧеǷݲҲ˼֣һ棬츳֪ģԲôʱħΣҲͰˣȻŪô룬Ҿò̫Ծ
ڰħ漫оûħˣһҲѧħ΢٣˵οѾħˣǶа취ħһЩɡ
ԣǧȻصͷˣԭǿźڰŻѸ١
γǧѩһۣͻȻüĮ޲ֻҪڰôһӣֻڰΪ飬Ѳ
ǧüͷҲһšҲ˼֣һڰΪ飬¡
ںڰ˵ŤˣǺ¼һҲֻУա
룬ǧѩҲͦЩԼġʱ̨ϱ˻ȻȴҲĿǧϸһȥȴһЩۡ
ʱǧ벢δż£ǾֹڰУǾ𺳷ǳ
Ͱҵ̿ʼĶԲߣǧѩȴȻһЦǻδԲߵʱͻȻһӡ
һӣǧͬϸһϸϸһ˿˿׿ȥԾɺһϽƤ롣
һͬɥǪ̇ϱŬЩ׷ˣϻǱһѪ
Ȼ˿ڲ󣬵ȴۣһЩ⣬ЩѾѪҺһɪɪ
ϵʵǼġ̨ǧˣЩ죬ڰʵķʽͦģһδվ̨ϣȴܸоЩϵͰҪ˰ɡ
ƿ꣬ΪȻڰһ򳬺Ѱ̫Ҳ
ǧȻ̧̨ϵǧѩһ˿˿ĲԾɫҰף˫ؿڴҲ˸Ų˼飬Լӡ
ˣǧҲһ¡
θող˵ɵ飬ǧѩģ⵽ˣ
Σѻ𣿡ǧŤͷʧЦؿŷμۣһ˵ɣǧѩͺ⵽ˣ㿴ı飬ƺʹӡ
ûʲôȤûһ۾͵ԼȻҪԼܡ
ǧҲ⻰˵ͦе
ʱ̨ϵǧѩһֱĿڣϸϸţ۷ͬһ㣬ڱǧϿʳһۣ˱ܼ尾
ǧѩĿλã˫ղҰֽҲֽͬƬһҡҡ׹·һͻεһ
Ҳ֪ԼǱˡԴӼڰԺһֱźڰķɽЧȴԡ
ЩΪ˶ԸǧҲû᳤¿ԼļֵŬֱգѧ˱ϵΡ



1434 ͻ쫷

ñϵħûǧ룬ɱ
ΪĵƣŸһս˭֪һͷħͱطɣһתֲ˵ڻ㶵ġ
Ϊλᷴɣѧữεʱ̫
ǣڰб׶ˣ
ǧѩؿϸϸȴãȻޱȡ
ʱͰͷĲԾֱϣҲżֺ
Ѿǧѩƺвʣڴʱᱻ˵ǳ֮ΣΣ
ղǧѩţǵӵڻ۵ģвʣܳʱ򣬶ҲֻŮӣĻʲô˾ӡ
Ѹٳֱ֣ӽǧѩˡ
ǧѩվԭأʳѪգֱŨѪζӣ֪Щ׼֮ΣɾҲѾˡ
ʱ򡭡һȻĽǵصɱǧѩȻɴ۾ڽڰˣȴʹǣҲͷŲħ
ķɡܿǵ⼱תֻáಡĸֹؽھȻˣֻȫһֱֱۣڵϣѪҲ˲
Ͱٴγʤ׷гӶʱǧѩ󱳴ҲѪۡ
ǧѩŵϵѪգ۵ò㷭ιȥ
һЦûһҪŹ˼
ⳡݱ䵽ڣȻ˵Űɱ
ȾšüͷȻǧѩڻûҵڰȷ֤֮ǰ汻ѧԺǾĲճˡ
䣬ȥֹȴȻ˲Ծ۾ͦסŲվԭء
ʱǧͷҲ˲Ծԭƽ˾ѧԺ̨Ȼһǿ쫷磬ǷĺܣεƤֹۣˣת׼쫷羹ȻͰǾ֮С
вŤţͬһˮߣȫûһҪͣ˼
еͰ۷£һ󣬾ǲ˻ĶģЩǷ
ǧѩǲŪģǲ㣿
ͻķѾ˴ʧ˷ִ磬ֹ˼룬˾Ȼˣžһµĳ嶯
ֳ嶯һһʰʱ쫷绹ڹţ·ڱһĻŲѡ
ѧǿ쫷磬ੲôͻȻ͹쫷ˣ
һͰ˽ȥǸǧѩһ鶼ûУǱϵħǣЩ쫷Ӧøûϵɣ
϶ûϵ㿴ֻһ̨ϣȫûͷħ쫷ΣѲصǧѩģ
һ˵ıҲ΢
Ȼ쫷صذǧѩҲ̫˼˰ɡǧѩϱ½
˲Ͽǧѩʱû˷ڵϵǧѩǹ˴ǣ¶һĨ产˵ЦݣҲĻ
쫷磬ͻȻֵ
ǧѩ˸һƾ⣬һڵϣĹؽڴѪѪζ˲佫̨֡
ʱǧиӦʶǧѩȥһ۾ͿģѪܵľһѪˣܵǧѩɢĶ
Щ쫷磬ӦҲǳǧѩֱʰɡϾǧѩڱڰ˷ϵħϵħҲԵ޹ʳ֣³־͸֤ڰǧ˿ƵĹϵ
뵽˴ǧƿ촽Цñ⡣
ڵϵǧѩȻһһͶǧ˫γȴӣˮţ·ܿ͸һС
ǧѩٴαסһʱͺ˶סһ
ȻĿջأǼΪɵġ
˸ǧ͸ȷЩ쫷Ūģ֪Ҳбµġ
ǧָ⣬ϵЦݸŨƳͷΣΣЩ쫷ô
ǧѩŪġƿ꣬Į硣
ǧǳЦ뵽һȥˣⱾͺܺò£쫷粻Ե޹ʳ֣ҲԵ޹ʰǧѩԣ쫷ֻпǧѩԼŪģȻûб˷֡
˺ڰᣬû㱾Ҳֻܱӡƴ
ǧûʲôԣƿЦȷˣҪû㱾£ڰҲǧѩˡ
Ҳ֪˶ã쫷ͣ£еͰҲֱӴӰߵĿ¡顱һ˱˵ϣһʱʹӣҲǸΪ˼֡



1435 ϵħŪģ

ղűеʱǱתðǡ
ʹϮҲǸΪ˼֣ϵʹȴѳݣ޲þʹιȥ
̫ˡôߵطˤ£϶ͷ˰ɡغգȥǳ
ѧֻôţ;ȫۣǲ˴ֱۡ
ɢѧǲע⵽һҪ⣬ߴߴ
涼ѾˣǵıԾ˭Ӯأ
ǰôأ
ǧѩһ̨룬ȫʧȥжͰҲһ̨⣬ôӦǧѩӮ˰ɣûų̂
һѧ׷׾ú
ȾҲ˵ͷɤż־뵡֮⣬ⳡǧѩӮ˰ɣˣ֮ǲǸýˣ
Ͱʹ˵Ҳȫû˵ʲô
ʱǧѩѾӵĹؽڴˣֻ̨ܷߵӻƶ˼ʹӸµؿǣ㣬𣿾ӮˣϣܸҵǸ
ڵأȫͷѣ˵һ仰
ǧѩǣңоһ⣬һöѪͻ̨¡
ߵߣǧѩŶ½ŲԾɾӸµؿǣǸղʵ̫³ǽձǸ뿪
һһۣǿǾͷ
ǧѩȫûлڸĵǸ˼вһһ
ȾĲԾ̳ЦʥŮϵĹͷȫˣ״̬ǻ˵Ǹ
ҪΣǧѩۣ΢е㲻ġ
Ⱦƿ꣬ЦղųʲôҩҲǳһţǹƾܿ˵ˡ
ҪǳԵҩⲻǰװ׸ռ˱
Ⱦ˵ˣǲĻֻֻ½һЩ
ǧѩŸֲʣŽҩȡ
ò˵ⵤҩЧǼõģ˳ȥԺ̾ȫûôʹˣĹͷϵĺۼǧѩеĵҩǺö
ѲɣҲǸƼƵģ
Ǹɡǧѩ˫ֻأؿǡ
˶һۣ뵽ѧԺĵ̣ܲԸǻǳǸˡ
һ˵꣬˾վĵ뿪ˡ
һߣǧѩŹЦеЦҲ˼ևNɪţǷѧԺ̳ĲôֻøУʵʲôľһ㡣
ţǧЦü֮һĨ̡
ǧѩδǵı飬ֻһڇNɪ·ⳡսȡʤƵġ
ʥŮղóҩƼƵĽⶾҩ𣿡NɪʱǧͻȻڣֱŵȫ
ǧƺЩƮ⻰ʲô˼óĶ𣿡
ǧʼ磬ĵɣǺѣƼҵĽⶾҩҲʱҲûôõЧ
Ҳֻǵʱǧѩ˫⣬ƼƵĽⶾҩѾõ˸ĽЧȻҲͬ
ǧ󣬻Ȼ򣬡ԭˡ
ǧѩüˣ
ǧָ⣬ղŵ쫷ΣӦǷϵħ£ʥŮ֪ô𣿡
ʱȾͷҲϾؿǧѩƺڵȴĻش
ǵɣǧѩ󱳴亹죬ſˮС˵Ҳ֪ô£Ƿϵħǵķ磿
ǧһЦôǿôܻǵķ磿
Ϊֻǵ쫷硭ǧѩŴ꣬һ
ǧüëһЦţʥŮǺͿˣ쫷ֻͰ㣿Ϊ쫷ǰ
ҲǰǧѩСһ䡣
ǧ˫ֻأγĿ·ӰΣ˵ʥŮĲ֪쫷Ҳ֪쫷ΪҪ㣿
֪ǧѩҡͷҪƲϵ
ǧ𴽰꣬Ŀ棬𣿡
ǧѩĿһæͷ£ȥı飬Ȼģ֪ǲ֪ΪҪƭأ
ΪҾϵħʥŮŪġǧ촽ƺõĽһںö˶˫ϵħʦʥŮ᲻Ҳأ
ǧѩͷƤ飬񱻲ȵβһѸôܻ˫ϵħʦֻһϵħʦѡ
úúãǱϵħʦΪҪ㼤ǧЦĿֻ˵һ²ѣֲΣ



1436 Ҫж

ǧѩƽҾǲϲ˶Ҳȥѡ
ԭǧü˵ζ
䣬ܹȥε֡
ţüۼȫǳ硣
ǧѩǵĻ鲻˼֣üڲʱݺݵǧۣȻѾ£Ҿ뿪ˡ
ǧЦ𣬡ʥŮͻȥϢɣһǾøղŵ쫷֣ʥŮһҲ𣿡
䣬ǧѩ뿪
뿪˲䣬ǧѩѪҺ˲̣Ҳʼ١
ղô⣬ӵģѾʲô˰ɣ
ǧѩҧ˫ûɬƣĿһɫҪǧ֪֮ǰһȫãȻѧԺûʲôˡ
뵽˴ҲһЩ۵Ȼȴ˱ˣޡ
뿪ıӰǧЦζ
ոǹ˵쫷ģδʡ
ǧˮǰҾǹ˵쫷ģΣʶѡֻͰһ£û뵽ݱһоˮɵһȫǧѩһȫҩˮٵ쫷磬һеһжڸǣǺڰĳԱ
˵ģ΢΢ףû
ǧЦֵδʽжҲöΣҸղǷĿֻţһ£ڼʱмƻǰҿûʱƵСϷ
ͷЦºͣǸӡ
ǧ𣬡ǵʱ䣬Ҫ˷ϣ
εͷͣҲǣͦá
õĿ϶ǧЦŸӿģǾ͵ǧѩжɡ
áεˮ
Ⱦ˵ģҲȫ£˵ǧѩǰ𣿡
ǧͷеЦҸղŶʾôˣ飬϶ǰжģʱǾٽСӾͺá
Ⱦ¸Ũڴ
Ҳȥī˵һ£ǧѩȿˣʲôǧ뵽ʲôһѧԺͤҵī衣
һֱͤкȲ裬ԣѧԺֵһδҲδ



1437 лҪ˵

һŲīЦּ̧ǧǣ˫͸˼֣ѧ˵ղѧԺкϷɿĺϷأ
ǧĺϷ˵һ飬īҲһһ㶵ġ
īŴ꣬ЩЦˣȴϷҲùѪѧԺ⾹ȻôһϷûпʵÿϧ
ĸпǧЦЦδ˵
ī賯ǧһֿۣһ۷κȾŽĿ˻ǵ˼ǧѩھͻᶯ֣𣿡
ǧ
Ҫʲôī²豭һ䡣
ǧۣǧѩΪǶ֪
īҲ˼ͷˡ
̸һ֮󣬼˱صС
ܿ죬ҹĻ١
īסݵĴ˲䱻졣
ȥŵʱ򣬾ͼǧѩվ⣬ɴɫԡ»±ĵҪӺݸ߹
ʥŮôסʲôīǧĻⲻɱü񣬿һָֻԭƽ
ӵȽȥЩ˵ǧѩ˿ڡ
ǧصظ˵ĻǧѩʱҲûôˡ
ī迴ƿʥŮȽɡ
ǧѩЩϲΪҪĥҪһӲŻīɿڣû뵽龹Ȼô˳ֱ
лӵ£ҾȽˡǧѩȹڣ׵Цݲã̵۾ۡ
īϿһȦ󣬺ܿͽĿջأȥ
ʱҡҷůɫīÿ£ԡůɫ£һ˲ԵЩĪ⣬ϵĲյĿؿǧѩʥŮ°ɡ
ǧѩ΢΢һһŻÿī档
ī̧һۣɴЦ⣬ȥůѬůƹһʥŮʲôҪͱ˵𣿡
ǧѩۣһ
ǰЩīһֱ²ģܴ󣬿ī边ȻЦôÿһܺ˵ӣǲﲻԾ
ǧѩī裬ֻеЦůˣ̫һϸһҲûʲôԣͦϲЦġ
ַϣѬů˫պ˼֣ԥƬſ˵ʵҲûʲô£ӵ£ûʲôĵط˵ͷĿѣʲôģ
ī˵ûУһ뵽ǧѩµҩ
Щ˲þҩᱻ˿ƣҪ˵ͷĿѣ϶Ҳֵİɡ
īĬƬ̣ŵͷ˵ί񣬡һЩͷĿѣҲ֪Ϊλ
ǧѩһī迴ĵطϲع𴽰꣬мŤٴƿ꣬Ϊǵӵ¿ɵúúñ尡ǲ˱¶Ȼᵣĵġ
īͷ̬ȿȥǳãעġ
ǧѩٴβ죬վȻûб䳰ȷ
ʵЩһ뵽ҩˮ쫷ʱͲһӣ±ǧǿߣ汻Ƿ֣ĿľԴﵽΪ˺ĶǲԵģ
ӵͷĿѣﵹиӿһЩǧѩƿ촽ǹƻؿڡ
īһ۾жʱ裬뵽ǧĻеľʱɢ˲٣ڲܲΨһľϣʱٽһ򾡡
ʲôӣī迴˫΢΢Ÿ־ϲС
ôϲǧѩĿ˼֣ô˵ǱѣиĥˣԲŻ㾪ϲɫ˦ˡ
뵽˴ǧѩ΢Ĭֹĸо
ī趢һۣǾЩЦװеʥŮ˵ķӾʲôܷЩ֪ң
īЩУǧѩҲͲˣʵҲûʲôѧһӣĿѣҲƣӵҵĻԡ
ӻĹЧ
²ƭɵӰɣ
ī軹һϲЩСʥŮ˵Ŀģ
Ȼģƭӵأ˵䣬ǧѩѾռָĵͳ
һӣīеǸһȴеĵøӹһЩ·һµ
īһǸӲţɹһɢ˲٣󲻹һȽϹĵӶѣûЩҩôᱻأ
ӣҵĵӺ񰡡ī趢úЦûǧѩκεĲԾ



1438 Ǹܣ

ǧѩӸȤЦ˵ӵϴξ˵ĵӺҵĵһԣԲϵ
īһŻȻԭˣҼˡ
ǧѩŵӣֵӵ£ûʲô⣬ҾΪ㴵βɣ˵ɺã
īһתŵͷðǾʥŮˡ
ǧѩһīᷴھͿӣӷǳǳһɲǣת˵ĵڷ𣬶ĵȻһתǱ쳣·ܽ˵ļ⣬ĵĿ־ȫ
īûЩҩɻǱǵһ˼ҲЩ
˼ᶨЩҲΣ̫Щеܡ
һǧѩȫǹƻζˣӵ£ǲǾ˼ӻˣǲǻǰʲôþ
ī̧۳һۣƿ˵ǵġ
ǧѩ˫һǳˣ
ٴƿ꣬޾Ĺƻһ±Уӵ£ھúκΣȻ˯ͱ۾
īһΣԹԱ۾һĿһ㡣
ǧѩָһ
򴽽ǣᣬƻζҲԽԽŨӵ£ǰͻȻһξξˣҵˣʲôʲô㷲¶Ҫҵģ𣿡
ī۾Ļȥһ١
̲סˣصһͷһһΪ
ǧѩ˸ΪģŵĹҲΪŨӵ£۾Ȼһۿ˾ˡ
īԽԭůﾹȻû˽࣬ûɵģʧ˻һ㡣
ǧѩģо˸˲㼤
īǧѩһ仰û˵ľͺܡ
ڣҪڽˡǧѩһ¾վīǰƿٴε
īԥֱƴˡ
ǧѩ·Ĳϣˮǳǳζţˣʲôʲô֪ҵӵ£
īͷβ
ǧѩǰī裬˸һƾ⣬ڣҪ㡭
īһΣչƽ
һҹպַ֮ܰУ˷ǳ
ڶգû֪ҹī跿е׷ʲôҲû֪ǧѩīЩʲôһеһжΪƽ
ҲֻǱϵƽѡ
ǧͷ£ѧԺ԰йţڷϲֻҹţڷϲֺҹҪá
˵ҹƽޱģɺǳһףǧ㿪ģҲȫȨҹأúͷ͵
԰еľ¼ΪÿʻҲӯӯţһƬ⣬΢紵һɺŵĻ㡣
ǧͷڶʯС߶ǰһŲ˶Ҫһ־Ȼǧѩī衣
īһǧѩĹϵãôվȻһں԰йˣ
ǧ۾лɬ
ʱǧѩѾī˹˿ȥΪгǧѩϻżΪŵЦݣī边һޱģҲû˽ࡣ
ǧһֻЩԾȴͻȻ˱뷨һеЦҲŨ
Ҳ˼ۣδ˵
ǧѩ΢䣬ȴǲʼįʦǧҲ԰й𣿡
ʱī̧˿һۣɽȫޣһûУžһܡ
ǧԹī裬ĿͶǧѩϣǰǾ׼йһīҲйˣ
ûǧѩī迴һۣЦҸճʱͺӵһ֮Ǳһ䣬û뵽Ȼǡ
˵ЩʱеЦ˿£Ũڿǧʱ˸ž⣬ȴЩԲ
ǧָ⣬˫Ҳмּ񣬿ȴܿȥ
Ե֣ĸһɡǧѩƿ꣬Ц롣
ǧһۣ֮ƿðǾһйɣҲûʲô¶
ӦǧѩֱҪַˣ˷ܵı飬˿κεĶǾһɣûʲô¶
ǧü۵ʹһƬȻȴ˿͸



1439 Ĳˮ

˱һں԰йŮ˲ߡ
찡ĸվһ˰
ǧͷΣֱֻǧѩī蹫Ҳܲˡ
оĸһһķ羰ߣջĿ⡣
֮ѧǵ̾ǧѩԽʮ㣬̧°ͣҲ·߹˲١
ǧͷαʣѧǵĿ佱Ҳδϡ
һӣǧѩͻȻ˺ܾûоúۣҪȥͤɣ
˵Щʱǧѩٶֳ⣬ǧ˫һӱ㽫Щ龡۵ףü׼ڴʲô⡣
ðǾȥͤɡǧƿꡣ
ǧѩеĹԣˣЩѧݲ裬ݸǺȰɡ
ʥŮȻҪݲȣֱܳǾʥŮˡǧһЦоǶ˼ڴ
˵䣬ѾͤУڴڼī边Ȼһ仰δ˵
ǧÿ£ȴڲͶ䵽īϣΪĬī裬óĬȻһ仰û˵Ƿʲôˣ
īֻǾǧһۣʲôû˵˫ɺ޽࣬ôһܣżֹ졣
ī裬ĺòԾǧᳶε°ڣʵ˵ǲǰƵģҸղŵĻҲûر֡
γī迴һۣüͷ˲һȴûڵһʱ˵
ǧѩ˫˲䷺䱸ؿˣͷв𣬾þòɢر˻ῴīĲԣ汻ĻļƻҪˣ
۾һ¡
ʱī񱻴ͨζһҲ·һƹߣƿ꣬һ㶼ְɣͻȻ˵̫໰ѡ
ǧЦŵ٩Ϊβ˵鲻ã
ī賯һۣҲûжʱܾЩƣҲ֪ΪʲôһֱڣǺЩ˰ɡ
ǧͷһ
ǧѩü͵Ҿӵ鲻ãԲɢģû뵽ɢĳЧ龹Ȼ˲٣ǿϲɺء
ǰھúܲīҲͣԺһֱĳ˻ǴģƵż
ǧ㲻˵
ʱһĻƮܿɢ˱䣬ǧѩһ˵ˣҸղ˵ҪһƳĲˮھݸǣҪСʱǵһɱߵ
ǧһתЦݼʥŮΪݲ裬ߵأ
ǧѩЦüΪ㡣
ܿϵĲյִӿռָȡһ񻨰һĶ
ǧΪؿһۣȴҲûЩʲôѯʵʥŮóʲôꣿ
Щǻ꣬ҵһЩӡǧѩЦЦ㽫Ķȡ
ȷ񻨰꣬ҲйӵӰӣʲôӣǧЩƲ
ε°ڣΣ֪Щʲô𣿡
һֻۣЩ񻨰һĹӾ㱻Ҳ쳣ȥͺܺóԵӣȴƷ˼ֹζЩ񻨰һĹӾԲѰ
֪ƿ꣬˵Ѱ
ǧȻ֪ЩѰȻҪϷǾ͵ݵıһЩüͷɢ˼֣ҲǰĶҲûôˡ
ԭһЩӰһΪǻ꣬ǹªˡǧһЦɲз·йضʧɫ˲١
ǧѩüɫЩѿ
ôͻȻǧֱÿһЩֺÿǴӹ͸ģƤӨѩҲŮһ㣬ƲĿ⡣
ڷΣĺ䰡֪ǧѩҧŴ꣬ɫֱ䣬ܿƽ˹նǧÿ㳤ٺÿΣ
չֻǺձѡ뵽˴ǧѩһЦǶ˼ֺȻ
ǧüƺƼˣȴɲɫ
ʱǧѩѾЩ񻨰ĹȫУֿʼ裬ûֳɵĻֻܳǧ˵ǧǻϵħʦܲܽ𡣡
ǧĿͶϣЦð
û뵽ô˵ǧѩҲЩܳ
ǧһЦϵħɫĻ˲ڲײȼգûãˮͱտЩ񻨰һĹҲݿˡ



1440 ô

ΪŨζƮɢ˿һֱ˱ǼţƢ
ǧһЩգգ۾㣬ʥŮⶫǾˣȻɢôŵζζ϶Ǻܲġ
ȻҾƳģζ϶ǧѩ̧°ͣһ԰ı顣
ǧüǲ
ʱξ뵽ʲôһǧߵϸûһܷ
ǧȴǽĻһüһĵسǺ󿪵Ĳˮȥֻһ˫ͱø䣬̶ͬ˲ָ糣
һյĹ򣬲ˮˣǧѩСó裬ַţĿ
ǧĲˮٴһ
ˮɫģЩˣȴĺ㣬һ
ǧĦŲ豭Եȴûڵһʱſں¡
ǧѩûſں£Щļ
ȻΪβȰǲθ𣿡
䣬˸Ӽ˼֣ÿҲмŤ֮⡣
ǧĳȥȴһ빴Цûǻ£Ǿˮ̫ˣʥŮݵģ׼ȣʡһӾͺûˡ
ⷬﾹмֿ佱ƨɣǧѩ˶סˡ
ǧתˣǱ˸ˣ
һͺţɽһһ˲٣ƨû˿覴ãǧѩҪΪ˵ˡ
ǧѩ˫ֿۣȷûԺ󣬲ǿ˵ǺȹҲԼ裬ǾͷĴ󵨵ĺȰɡ
ðǧһŽ豭
«ưҲڲ豭ԵĦš
ǧѩǶкȲ˼ٴιЦòޱȡ
ʱһεīͻȻϵĲ豭һȴͻȻֻһ¡
豭ͻȻأ̵ĲˮҲīǣһ£Щؿ·Ѿʪĺۼ
ЩˮѾ͸ֱ뵽īŴǱ̵΢һӡ
ӵ£û°ɣǧѩһЩǵؿī衣
īӻ̧۾ʱҡҡͷû£·ʪˡ
·ʪ˾ȥ°ɡǧѩϻǴŵǣӵ󣬾аĲ
īͷʲôû˵߻ȥ·ˣģȥɷǳǧѩĻҲƴӡ
ǧīıӰ״俪˵ʥŮôоīĻأǰīİɣ㾿ʲôƴӵģ
ǧѩͷ΢һ£ֺܿ췴Ӧ˹ʲôԻֻӵ»ȥ·ѣǶãȻġ
ԭˡǧһ豭ƷһڣǺò裬˻ζ
ĺˣǧѩɴ˫ųʣЩҲˣȴҲΪȡ
ĦŲ豭ıԵûͷ¡
ǧѩʶο˼ۣûк²ˮҲûô⣬ҪԸֻǧڴʦĻûǸʵԸ
úúȵĻͶһЩɣˮݵĶˣֻܹǧѩһЦָǧһˮ
ǧ·ûʲôһ㣬ٴͷˮ¡
Ŷ˰ʱͻȻһöɫİƿշǰ˼ֻáಡһö뾹ֱֱǶʯ֮С
м䣬һСǧʯϵⲻɱ˼֣ΪͻȻ֣
Ҳǰ룬ⷺŴ꣬δ˵
ǧѩЩһһէ˵찡Ȼ룬ǶûˣϾȻһдʲôأ
ǧϵδڵһʱ˵
ǧѩ򴽽ǣǶû֣ҲûҶֻ֣ٴγѵҪҪ澿дʲôأ
ӺܼҲС
ǧһۣ˵ʱѾִ𣬲ҽֽȡ¡
ʦ콫ֽչɡǧѩ˫΢еֽš
νĿͶϣ⵭Įˮмּ֣ûһͼչֻǿһۺͱø䣬ȫҲйš
ЩǧοȥʵΣֽϵдʲô
ǧѩҲȥом
û˵ֽݵǧУʾš
ǧӹֽдŵĶʱɫҲˣòҰޱȣҲЩҡҡ׹ô



1441 ϲֶ

ֽ˷·һĽһʱʧˮ֡
ôˣֽдʲôǱ鲻ԣǧѩϵĺԣǧʧʱ򣬱㽫ֽ˹濴һۣҲһ¡
ô£
ϲǸһﾹȻˣ
ǧѩֽд˻Щ㶵ģдŲţϲôᱻأǽһڷ𣿡
ǧϣԵһˣҹڷпűΪʲôأ
ǧѩתǵҹǴʦߵĻҲǸǿģȴƤӵ½ϲתߣɴ˿ɼǼΪģɵʲô˶֪½˽أ
ǧѩ°ͣһԾ
ǧķҲĻе
ǰ˭˶޴ӷ½˸أ
ʵ̫˰ɡǧϵ¶Ҳֱӽ˱㣬˽ϣеôɢȥΣȻסȥһд׽Ū˵أ
á֪½̵
ûٹǧѩֱסǱ߶ȥ
ǧѩĿٿ˼֣˵ıӰһĨЦ˲ڴǣþòɢ
ֹһǧѩ䣬һ뿪ķ׷϶ȥ
صסУǧԸоֻδɢĶϢϢŨңɻǱǧܵˣҧ˫Ťͷʱַд򶷹ĺۼ
д򶷹ĺۼǧǰĦһ£мĺۼ
ǼۼɼʱľĶǡ
ֹϣǽҲȫǺۼϵĻҲˤڵأ˲֧˵Ĺɫʡ
ǧǰʱЩҡҡ׹ɫҲӲ԰ˣΣд򶷵ĺۼǼұıץ𣿡
ļƺڰοҪôġ
ǧƽǿıʱǧѩҲ뵽סУҲЩϢһȹ˽ȥҸոսʱŵһϢϲıץ𣿡
ǧͷüʼղԲ
ʱһͻȻ˶𣬽ţϤϤҲ˵סﻹˣ
ǧ˫ƺڴʲôǻ᲻Ǳô϶˵óѵģ԰ɣ
ǧУҲ˼ּУǽȥ
ǧæͷѸŷγԴȥ´Щʲô
ǧѩվԭǵıӰղŵЩҲˣȷ˵ӰǷϲ
ǣļƻǡǧѩҧŴ꣬˲ͷƤЩ飬Ҳ̲סֱӸǽ뵽˷С
ҲһƬǽģİȫڵϣǽЩҾ϶Ǵ򶷵ĺۼһһ˿һ۾ͱ
ǧˣ˫ֲҧһƬҵ˻ԵڵأȴѾָ֪ҹ
æ˫ֽҹ°ڣҹû°ɣҼұأȥˣ
ҹ䶯Ŵ꣬黹Щ㱣ɵϲֵֺһɫ˲ɷףѾ˾ϻһ
ǧʶԾץ°ڣҹ˵ҼұĶ
˵ЩʱģУ·Ѿʧ˷ִ硣
ҹüɽţ·Ŀڡ
ҧӸµؿҹһɤ˵
εҹٴһŴǿ˵ϲС˸ץˡ
ǧȻɴ۾ƺЩţôܣҲһ˸޷ߣЩ˵˵ʱʲô
ε˫һֱߣҲһĨ亮֮кܿ죬ԽԽŨ޷ֵ
ǧѩ̲ס˴ֱۣǱϵħʦɻǱ䶳һ¡
ϲֱץߵʱ˲üãǸ˵СǱץˣٴΣҪ˰ڲ
뵽ǧѩǵЦݼ˫纣˲ֱӡ
찡ϲֵ汻ץˣǧѩָܿ糣ŴͻȻһǶ˭ͻȻأ
ҹǧѩһֽۣܿĿͶǧϣʱҺСڷгԵģ˭֪ͻȻиͻȻ룬һԲֱӾͳǳˡ



1442 ˮ

ҹ΢٣ְյѰҶȻܶԸǳĪ⣬㲻ֻ֮СӱߣҲһ˹ȥ
ǧֻû䣬
ҹأǳҶ˵ǵϵϡ
ǧ󣬽ƣҲ棬ʲôƲ壿
ҹͷƲ壬ܴʵʵġ
ô졭ǧתɾһûУֻ֪˺棬Σô
γĬã㿪˵˿Ǵĸ֣ҲпѧԺڲˣ˭Ե޹ʰһӣг𡣡
г
ǧ˲俩һ£ǱΣ𣿡
δһŵģ£ȻгкжֻҪ΢һᣬͺá
ǧĻϰµģʲô
Ǹϵ
ǧ߬ƣڴ˿ţȫһҵģ
ǧѩٴЦøΪļƻеĺ˳Ƕûлʲôüƿֵг𣬻ģǺڰ˰ɣ
һˢˢǧѩȥͷƤЩˣʵǵ̫֣ѾʲôƵģ˾Ųѡ
ǸûʲôҲţĻỳʲôԾԼ̫˶ѡǧѩһſ˵Ǹңֻ˵ԼĲ²ѣд½취ԺڰᣬϹԲ̾ڴʦУĻԴа¶
ǧһΣˣΣҾʥŮĻеڰϲ飬ҲƻǵļıǶȻģԲŻ˶ƣ
ǧԽ˵Խŷε°ڲš
Ҳû˵׵ȴ
ǧѩˣЦԣɻǱܺõȥҪ˵Щʲôʱһöƿշ
붥˼Ϊ񣬻ɢҫ۵ɫҹȻƳ˶ߣ̳ѵӷСģаˡ
ǧͷע⵽ˣ
ˡһѸٲϣȻ˼£ۼķ뾹ȻҲһֽֽڷƮҡҲǿЩȥ¡
죬Ҳһֽ֪дʲôǧѩָ룬ٴξ
ʱǧѾǰȲֽȡ£չֺܿӳУҲٴβһ
˵ҪϲֻϹԲȥĴ½紦ˮϣһҪһԵˣȻϲֵͻܵв
ֹˣ滹ָˣҪǧһǰȥҲֻ
ֽȫ꣬ǧһʱĬһ仰Ҳû˵
ʶԾֽ̽ߣĶԺҲ˼֣˲ֱӡ
ôˣֽдʲôǧѩѯʣȴֿ˻
ǧͷγĬţһ仰Ҳû˵
ǧѩ̲סֽеֽˣдԺҲһ£ʲôҪ󰡣Ȼǧһǰȥ뻢Ѩ
ֽԹͷ·һǧ֪Ĵһ
ǧͱȾȫûǧѩⷬΪʲôԾƿ꣬ǻѨΣڱһ˻ҿ϶Ҫǰȥġ
°ڣϣҪ嶯
ǧҧ˫ȰˣȰңھҪȥˮϾȱ̶ǻѨҶҪһΣֹҺ𣿡
۾Ϣˡ
ǧûһͻȻֵΣϹԲ̸ҡ
ãβſ˵ҾãӦúúÿп϶ᰲȫҪú̶һ
Ҫ̶ˣһǰȥҲܽȳӦҵġģ̌ĿᶨؿŷΡ
򴽲˰β̾һãȫˣҸʱ䣬һ㡣
ǧһůģһɹģһᡭ
ǺǡǧѩվһԣЩȫ˶ףԽԽʵ̫ˡ
ȫˣ

ˣҵĺϢɡǧȡϹԲԺ󣬾ֱ߳˷ţĿӰҲǳ



1443 һ

ζ뿪ıӰþò
ǧѩЩģ̿˵ǧҪٿһ£㵥ǹƥǰȥɲС飬Σտô죿
ǧᶨγĿֱֱͶǧѩϣκſ˵У޷ٿʲôˣֻҪҵʲôУҲȰˡ
䣬ǧٶתŲԽĿˡ
ǧѩվԭأ뿪ıӰѿһЦЦɭǳ
ǧɫҴңܿˮϸȥ
ˮӾĴ½߾ֻҪһƬɭ־ִܵǴɭǾȥǧǴطΪϤܿʹƬɭ֣յĹˮϡ
ˮӳ峺ףΧвٸʵľľԻвٽСڷоҡҷţƯǳǰһ
ǧȴûǰľ£һȴδʲôӰһӰûС
Ҳ˵ˮֻһˣ
ʱһ洵Ҳһɲľζ˾رĺš
ǧΧһУӭ洵ķ罫ذ׵һɲγɺÿĻǳ
ƣܾǸЩŪ飬˵Ҫˮϼ棬ɴ˿ȴӰ˾Щ֡
ǧ֣ΧתһȦȴûмһӰͷ˿еϹԲ̣뵽ⶫʵ̫󣬱һ˦־ͽռС
ʱһŲǧȻԽԽǧͷȻһˣ
˫˺˪ˣ
ϤϤŲڶҲ֪˶࣬˵òӳǧУԺ˺ԭء
˾Ȼī裬ﻹһεҰģ޷ǳҲΪۡ
ǧһۣһ˲ֻùǳī裬üͷī裬Ϊڴ˴Уŵʲô
ù졭ǧī΢̧޽Ŀ䵽ϣ˼Ŀһ㣬ͷ
ǧ˫ԾɾЩԾ䣬һīķȥī裬վô£˵Ҳ֣ͦ
ī轫ĿƿִеĽ޺컨컨ڷдŲԵĽȴɹ쳣
ī裿ǧʹ֡
īٿ̧޲⻨ġ
䣬㽫ɫݵǧǰ
ǧüȴֽ컨ӹˣ컨ţһ㣬˿ܾ⻨ζͦŵģˡ
ϲ𣿡īǧ顣
ǧüͷøҲòȻáҪ͸һУΪλڴ˴
˵ǧһҲ˽䱸
īûеĽ䱸һԳĬƬ̾Ϳ˵ŷϲֱץߣָ˴ʵڲľ߿㣬㰲Ҳͷˡ
ϤϤ
󣬺һŲȴᣬ˲
ǧȴˣ۾ڻһ⣬ѾʲôƵģīͬˣ΢Σȴٴ뵽޽״̬
ǧ˳ƽӹīĻȥлģָһڴ˴ȻģҼұҲΣգԣī㻹ǻȥɣѰرܻȥ
īüЩ뿪
ǧԺӡ
ǧһ£лҪ˵īͻȻǧ֣΢һЩ
ǧȻƣҲ˹ȥī裬Ҫ˵ʲô
һǼҪСһЩǲöԸ͸Ͻܣ֪𣿡īһĨģһ΢ܵȴ˲
ǧԺ˫Уƺ񽻻š
˰Σŵͷ֪ΪҺãҲģͷİɡ
ҾͷˡīһĿٴһ䡣
ʱһĹâؼҲһתڵʯ֮䣬һذȻǧĸ
͡һذû븹Ѫ磬ǧͷŵضŸĶذףŶذ׵˾Ȼī衣
ѪԴԴϣѪζŨءģ̌ĿֱֱͶϣī裬Ϊʲô
ҲŲɳƣҲҡҡ׹ǲīֱ˵顣
ǣʵͰǰ̴ĸʹǳһ顣



1444 ī

ǧסѪҺֱֱָŨصѪҺ̵۾ۡ
Ѫͱ˾Ȼī裬εĺѣΪʲô
ī趢ûʲô飬Ϊʲôֻ˵ķԸ
ˣǧȻһȸ½ӵ£˻ҳΪˣ
īվһû˵Ŀȴǧϣƺʹ԰׵ա
ѪɫǿĽˡʱһ߰ҴʤŮˮ
ǵŮ죬صˮϾþòɢ
ǧһΣŮΪϤ۾Ҳܲ³˭
ǧѩǸǼּΪ߰ǧѩǧҧҧȻĿͶǧѩϣͼӲݴ߳ɴɫȫһɸ߹˾߰ǳ
ǧѩô㣿ǧװһ𾪵ģ㲻ѧԺΪλڴ˴Уīˣ
ǧѩָ⣬ЦѽҾīˣȻҲŻڴ˴԰ɣī裿
ǵģˣī賯ǧѩǱȥɵվߣһˣѾշԸǧŪˣҲɫˣҲƲ
ǧԽԽòԾ
Ȼī轫Ūģ
˵ī边ǸϲִߣҴֽˣ
⵽ô°
еĺɫʲô
˵ʲôõĶǧͷһ̽еĻ
ī裬㵽ʲô˼˵ǧŸֱֱīȥƺҪһװס
īվǧѩԣ
ǧѩ׹Ϳ˵īˣʲôͻʲôεҲģ˭ôأִ򲻹㣬ַֻû뵽㰮вܲ˾͹ˣ޴
㡭ǧɴҲЩҡҡ׹û뵽ε龹ȻģҼұأҼұŪȥˣ
ǧѩ΢΢ۣ˵õǳϲСȻУֻҪԹͻᰲȫġ
ǧüͷ壬ȫŭɫ㾿ҪΣ
Ū㣡ǧѩƿ꣬˫Ťѹңң䵽ˣҵȻҪúĥ㡣
ǧüǧѩĵطϵħ۵һ룬ھĺܣĻϵħʦৡһ±ɢˡ
ֹˣڵѪҺŪȫҧҲ̲סһѪӿ
͡
ѪϴӴһһ£ذ׵Ⱦ죬Զһʢĺ÷Ű
ɫҰףѪˣǧѩüëһЦǧǲǾȫѪ
ǧһòŵĿ⿴ǧѩô֪ұµĶ֣
ʵ벻ףǧѩʲôʱֵģոͤҲǺһˮûԹ˰
Ǳˮͦ㣬ȫûжصĺۼΪλأ
ˣīոոһɫĻǻ죬ɢѲɣˮζϻжز
뵽ǧŤͷȥī輸ۣȫǸɫҲ䵭
֪ǧʲôǧѩƿЦҸ͵ĲˮĹӲͨĹӣĹԭûжصģֻҪĻһͻأֶȫͷŲ
ǧ˫Ȼɴ˼֡
ֲī˵ԭ˼û˶ȫģɲǱ
ǧѩǺúݰǧѪĸסţüۼȴǲġ
ҲݵĻҪţΪʲôͲܺһأǧѩ֮һĨ
ǧҧ˫ʶһ
ʲôˣΪܵˣǧѩһǧʶȽϹԲ̽ȻϲСɾͲˡ
䣬ǧѩī迴ȥһۡ
ī⣬̽ڲݶķϲָ˳
ܴ󣬾СһϲҲ廨ţһֱǱˡǧˣŭĿӣǶҼұʲôôСǾȻҲµȥ֣īǿˡ



1445 ݣ

īһﲻǽϲС
ǧѩˣЦøΪҲûʲôǽ˶ѣī衭ˣҲûǣֻǱҿס˶ѣ˸ղͱ߷ϲֵҲ֪ʱ᲻أ
ǧѩ㾹Ȼ˿¡ǧɴ˫һš
īˣȻᱻǧѩס
ǡī˿̵ȷƽͬһӲк޽࣬ȷһ
ЩֶߣǲǾܿǧѩıˣ
ǧЩϹԲó˵飡ǧѩǧĿҲ
ǧ˫ЩԥƼϲŲҰ׵СеĲŨ
ҧҧǽϹԲȡ鲻ԸؽǧѩС
ϹԲǹϵĺɫȴ͸һصϢǧѩӹԺȫЦ⣬ͷ·Ѿĳһ
Ŵǣֺܿ콫ϹԲ̶ռָУһ֮ŽĿͶǧϣȫǺ֮ɫͬҪ
ǧˣһĨõԤš
ѾϹԲ̸ˣ㻹Σǧƣһ䱸ؿǧѩ
ǧѩһЦĿһˣ죬ڣ
ǧüͷ壬һǧѩ֪һֱܲңҪҲ޻˵ǣҶ˽ģЩ˵ı£ЩЩ㾿ôѧģҲһô飡
ǧѩѱʤͷԣǧ˵ٴЦ֮ȫǵ⣬Ȼ֪ҸҲ޷
ǧ˫
ΪҼ˺ڰᰡǧѩֵڴ䣬ЦøΪ죬ڰҺܶô֪ձ̨ϵ쫷ͷųģҵ;˸죬Ǳ˫ϵħʦˣеյЩҩˮҲǴӺڰȻôôõЧ
ǧһյЩ쫷Σû뵽㾹˺ڰᣬȸ½ʥŮˣ
ǧѩ󣬶ʥŮΣͷǱȫˣӴ˾һֱķͷ֮£Һúްڰ᳤ңֻҪҼܵõЩҪģҾòͼˣʲôԣ
ǰѾǸлˣҲȾѪټϺڰ᳤Ĺƻֻѡ롣
֮Աöˡ
ֻǧٴвԣŻѡ֣뽫һĨɱ
˵ǧüͷøû뵽㾹Ըʶ䣬˺ڰͻԶںڰУҪȫˣѣ
ΣǧѩθֻҪɱҵӽãҲӭ⡣
ǧ۾һˡ
ǧѩһЦĿˣٿŤͷīȣī裬㽫ɱ
īޱؾгһתȻֶųһǧȥɱš
ǧüۣһɫ
͵߽ʱīͻȻеĳţ񽣹һɱɢ
ǧѩԺ󣬾ļˣǸСϾҪˡԽԽԽԽǧĳˣʱһ
ţֻá͡һǳû븹
ֻīеĳתһǶ˾ȻûǧѩУǧѩȻɴ˫裬ŵؿī衣
ô
īڸʲôˡǧѩŸѪҺʺɫģΪۣʹ
ī轫γЦˣҾ͸һϷ浱Լʲôˣ
ʱīѻָ˽࣬鶯ḻôǿܣټ׵ķ̣ȫܿ˿Ҳ̫á
ǧѩ㶵ؿһʱ侹ЩӦ
ݣ
ѵһֱϷ
ǧѩī裬ŵī裬㾹ȻһֱڸϷ
īʼ磬ɷá
ʱǧѾһѪ˿ڿϣûһѪֹסˣ̧йﻹаֲ԰ֽӡ
ǧѩˣֵɴ˼֡
ô£ѵǧղҲϷ
ǧѩɻʱǧһЦɫ󣬾ոոֳҲһʧڵǳղŵҲ·ֻ꼻һ֣ٴιĿֱֱͶǧѩϡ
ĿⴥеĲţǧһЦò÷ǳ



1446 ץ¥

ǧѩǲǺܾȰǧָ⣬Ц֮дһĨʤ
ǧѩŸ˿ڣʶһǶϷҿ
δǧ˵īеķϲͻȻһЦֱӳǧѩ˸ͳԼȥ
ףղݵôϲһѱסǧĴȣСƺ
ǧԴһ£ЦƯֱԼˡ
ϲֹСЦ۾һϸ죬ǾǣղűװεʱǧѩһֱûñӴΪıŪˡ
ǧЦͷ
ʱīҲ˵ҸոϷûԼҪݵһ޽࣬ûκ˼Ŀܣǧ֪ģƽʱܶ࣬ʵڱûţΪˣ粨ȥɵúúҰ
ī˵ǧЦŵͷ֪Ȼ˵ģҪż
ǧѩͷƤ˲ըˣղж£Ҳ˹ǵȷϷÿ˶ݣƭת
ֹˣԼϵƿ˿·𱻰·£ȫûκεڡ
ǧѩҧɸʹ˶ըˡ
ǾȻϷƭңǧѩָǴ󺰴̬ˣǧ㾿ʲôʱ֪Ǻڰˣ
Ϊ֪Բһϵмı֣
뵽ǧѩһǧĿҲ˼ɵ;¡
˶Щǧ𴽰꣬ЦͲǺڰˣֻû֤ݣԣվ˵Щһ£û뵽㻹סˡ
ǧѩһԭЩֻǼµģ
𾪣ǧЦ˵ī裬ҲͷˮҩˣͤǴΣҩֶôԣī˾ô᲻֣
ī˳ĻȥǵģͷҾƱҩҾȥˣһ֪ҾƱ˲þһᱻ˿ƵҩòԾ;䣬û뵽㾹顣
ԣǾ˵ˣҪϷ֣ǧѩָǣһʱᣬ˹ȥ
ϷԹ֣ôҪ飿ǧһЦҲȫǳŪ
ǧѩ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧѩڰᣬ뺦ˣʶľ͹Թ־ܣʶĻͱǲˡǧƿ꣬һĨ亮ɫڡ
ǧѩһ˲ͱŻˡ
ȷǼ˺ڰᣬǰصĺܺã˲֪Ѿϵ͸¶ٱ֪ĻҪΪˣ
ǧѩƣʶһû֤ݣȥ˵ǺڰˣңʥŮޱȵʥŮǲŵģȸʵ۸ǵĻԣ
֪ڸģǧе¶˲ȴǧѩ㻹ڸİīӵ£˵Ļȸʵۻ᲻ţ
ǧѩһ£ŵȸʵ֪īҪãⷬǴãīΪ˰ߵġ
䣬üһּΪŵĿ⿴ǧ
ǧ˫ֻأȫǷ̡
ʱֻһϤϤ˵ĽŲЩңĲֹһ
ǧѩĲܾͣǧļıֹˣĽŲҲƺյĵơ
ûãŲֹͣˮȴ˺ЩӰ
һ˲Ӱ㿵ģͷ˾ȻǷκȾվľȻѧԺЩѧ
һ˽ˮϼȥģǧѩ˶ԭء
˰ǹǧŷϲЦߵߣΣǧѩղ˵Ļ𣿡
ˡƿ꣬Į
ѧȻҲǧѩĻǲָָ
찡ǧѩȥᣬȴƫƫ˺ڰᣬʵ̫˰ɡ
ǰû뵽ôģʵϾһħڰħ
˾Ӧñץνʾڡ
ѧੲݣѾǧѩĻһԼԼǺڰˣûʲôñġ
ͶԺڰʹǰЩӣڰᾹȻɳ˴ĻˣЩޱȣȻѳΪ˻˵ʳ
뵽˴ǿǧѩĿԹ
ǵǧѩסԼԴ
ǵĻȴǧѩҧ˫˷·𱻳Щҡҡ׹



1447 

ǧЩҲ㰲ŵģǧѩʵ
ǧеЦչÿǳȻ֪Ӿ㱻ץס˰ѱҲϣԣҾôһﶼôӦò˰ɣ
ǧѩüͷһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ѧЩٴੲݡ
ǧѩҪҪˣȻ벻ϣ
ǶأҲϣеǰ취ϡ
˵Լʲôȸ½ʥŮʥŮӣ¿ɾͲ̫ƽˡ
ǧѩҲܲסǾгǶұ죡
ѧһٴָָ㡣
Ů˻˼ס죬Լ˺ڰᣬ±˵
ûǶˣ»±˵ΪԼĸһˡ
˺ǾҪڰ
ǧѩҪǸһ˶ڣԵֿټѾ¶ֻҲѡ
뵽˴Ҳġ
ô죿
ʱȾȺ߳ǧѩұΪʵƷˣȴû뵽㾹Ȼ˺ڰᣬһЩľٶǶɣֻ£Ҳó˰ɡ
ǧѩҧס˫һﲻҲƵƵΧƺѰҳ·ˣûҵκγ·
ΧÿλöΧ϶ûУˣǧѩٴν㣬ҲϮš
˸ôãǧѪĨȥֵǽνʾأֱɱ
ղΪʵīһ븹ЩѪˮҲģȻǧѩҲôϵ
ڣīֲأȻҪˡ
ۣδڻиѪĺۼһ˫ɱ䰵˺¡
ģ̌һ¾Ͷ˫ǵǵ˫ƿ꣬ЦտʼЩۣڳѪԺͲˡ
ɤﻹЩԺ󣬱Σյˡ
ǧǳǳЦ֪ˣұ֤´ҲôΣյˡ
ڴεģǧѩҪνʾڣ˾եˮֵ߲һһӱɰͰ͵ġ
ҪҲҪνʾڡ
ǧѩУѪɫȫޡ
ǧûľֽĿͶȾϣʵڰͽôõģ
ʳȾҲ°ͣƺ˼ʲô
ǧѩҲ̲סȹȾܣһ뾹ǱһԵѧסЩѧԺڰʹԣ¸ǲ档
顱һǧѩϥϱһţһӾˤڵأңǱǳ
Ǳǧ˫ֻأһЦ
ǧѩӲݣһʱöѸǺȾҪܣЦܣΪԼܵõ
ǧѩüҲ˵һ仰
ȾһֵۣĹأץڰͽӦõؽɱЩͨˣǧѩݲͬģɱҲƺЩá
Ͼȸ½ʥŮɱˣȸʵۿܻţȸհĶ󣬻Ĳ㴦ˡ
ȸ½ʥŮȷʵ̫ˡʱī踽һȴûʲô¶ȡ
ǧѩ˵ģ˫һ˵ʱڻ
뵽ĲƽֻҪһ˿Ļѣ
Ӧأǧ˫ֻء
Ȼȸ½ˣǾͽȸʵ۴ãȾƿ꣬˵һ䡣
ǧһƺЩͬȸʵ۶мӣֻ²˵ģټѪѪݣȸʵ۾͸ˡ
ƨѪѪ
ȾĿͶǧϣҲʱ˼ѪѪѾǳ˶õ˵ȸ½ĻʵˣǱ֪ǧѪѪֻֻһζԣ֪Ҳ˵
ѪѪī賯ǧѩȥɤ˲ͳ˼֣ǾЩѰˡ
īҲ뵽һ㣬ɫ˲һ䣬ǰѪѪʿ϶Σܻ˵ġ
ѧѪѪҲ
ǰɣŮ˾ȻǴ˵еѪѪ˵ѪѪ˺ڰܰǵõ£
Ҳ̫ˣڰôǵõ£Щ˻ô
ǽúڰ֪٣ͺˣ



1448 һ

ѧੲݣǧѩǵĻ̱
ʥŮѪѪͲЩܽôǼðѪѪȸʵѸ£ԣǱϵģ
ٿǧƺ뱻ֱ֪ǸɵӣôõԴȻá
ʹ󷽷ºˣ
뵽˴ǧѩǵЦŨҲţʥŮѪѪΣ
Ĵһһϣੲݡ
ȾǽɫƺЩѿ
˿̣ǧѩޱȣɤҸ߰
ǧֻۣɵеɰô޿ֵģΪǲΣ
ƿ꣬˵˺ڰˣʲôʹνҼȻȸ½ĴʦȨˡ
ȾǾеȫ
ǵĸǧѩ˲ˡ
ΪǻᰭݲΣʵ֤ʦεǿˣ·ֻҪһ仰Լͻһ
ǧѩɴ˫󺰴ʥŮѪѪǲңȸʵ֪ǲŹǵģ
η䣬
ѧ̷ӵϡ
ܿǧѩͱ廨ֱУȫûκϴ̬ȡ
ƿ꣬˵¥ϣá
˽´ã˻֪ʲôĹЩҲứȻȻ̫ãǹã˶֪ĶУȸʵ۲ɰǶԺڰʹ϶ˡǧѩ
ʱȸʵڰǵѹֹ
˷ε˼ǧĴָЦȸʵ۹ԹԾͷ̫ˣ
üۣιһЦеЦҲοˣҲȻһӾ뵽ˡ
ǧСԴҿ׳桭
һϲ˫ͷš
ǧѩƺʶʲô󺰴ǷſңҲȥ¥ȥ
ɲοգǱ˳¥ϡ
Ĵ½紦ĳ¥ǷǳĴ½İǡ
¥ҲǾѵܵص㣬ͻȻ˳¥Ū˾֪Ĵ½ĻʵҲõ
ԣβŻѡط
ų¥ºѹѹͷǧѩֻһѣΪֻ˵˵ģû뵽潫Լ˳¥ϣµİҲԽԽ࣬ʱɱҲᱻĭӸ
ǧѩ˫ȴŲɪɪ
ܣȴԼûκѵĿܡ
ʱȾҲѾǽԼΧסһʱͭǽڣ͸Ѳˡ
ǧѩҧŴǣɫףſǳ
ŷο˵ʦˡҰɣҷҲڰһˣҲˡ
ӣ˶ݡ
ɷȴֻǿһۣüΪ䵭˵ڰΪֻܻںڰУԶ޷ģҲ㡣
ǧѩ䶯Ŵ꣬ǲ֪α粵
ǧѩͱ׷ѹˡǧ˫ֻأЦѾ˺ڰᣬǺڰˣǸô໵£ȻҪˣȻҪ
ҵ£˵ǧѩʱԹŨ
ǧʼ磬䵭Ϊ㣿һֱڼң˵ˣ
ǧѩҧβ
ʱ򣬰ҲѾ˳¥ϵĶǲϾۼʼų¥ָָ
Ƕڳ¥ϸʲô
ǰȥöˣһ񱻰ѵǷ˴ˣ
ˣúƯҲܵ壬Ů𣿡
ੲݣܿԽԽ࣬һΧȫˢˢ¥Ҳ¥ϵһо۵ס
ǿ𣿳¥Ǹˣǳ໹ʶһǲǴ˵еĴʦ
Ǵʦֻдʦʣ
Ǵʦ¥ʲôһŮӰˣѵˣ
һǿǧѩĿⶼˣôÿŮӾȻʦΪ˵ǾͿ϶ʲôö˵ö֮
ǵ͵ǧѩȫ
Ҳ֪˶ãη䣬ڿ˵ǧѩȸ½ʥŮܰǵİ
һЩ±ˡ
ȻʥŮΪҪ֡ɶų¥ƺڵȴνȥĻ
η䣬ĿӹǧѩͶ¥µİϣǰѾ˺ڰᣬΪ˷ָ



1449 

˵ǧѩοȥȻĿˡ
Լءǧѩƣ巺
ʱ򣬵µİҲȻɴʦԶҲĻŲɣҲνʥŮ
ƽղ̫Ĺأ֪ȻҪΪʥŮضҪʵƷ棬Ȼ˺ڰᣬǿǺ˵Ĺᣬһ˵ö֮
ûڰĶǳ棬ɱҲϧ
ҵ˶ڰ˸ɱˣڿǣһҪɱĳ嶯
ҵҲǣŰɱˡ
Ҳǡ
һһʰȫ˵£ǵļ԰ڰ̤ȫնɱֻһ乶ӲдţҪΪ˸˱Ҳȥˡ
񿴵ڰ˻ǵʹҲɪɪ·һҪȥ¥νʥŮƤ
ǶǳǧʶοһۣΣǶԺڰʹľǶԵġ
δ䴽ЦֻнֶܸȫһЩ
˵ʱ򣬷һĨҲ纣˵
ǧвȴ£ļ񶼲Լ
ֳһۣŽĿջأʹڰԱĹ涨һ־̾͵ش⣬ʶ¥˵γͷ
һּݻģᵱʲôû˸ŵɴʦ˽ֱӽ˸˳¥Ķ˵С
һڰᣬǧѩ³֪
Ժٴ궯Ƕݺݶǧѩ˵񶾵䣡
ֺ˵ö֮ӦýɱԣӦýν֣˶񶾵ٽɱ
û̫ˣ˶ڰẦˣ˱ʵնɼݣ׳ԡ
Ȼ̫죬ݰ¹ؾ˻ʲôʣǾ͵ɱɡ
ûֱɱҸոպ񿴵ȥ֪ͨȸ½ʵˣǻʵ۹᲻ᱣ
ʶǧѩȸ½ȷܰȸʵҲмӣҪôɱȸʵۿ϶ͬġ
ੲݣһ˵ȸʵ۰˲궯Ҳ˵ǡ
ֳıµĻȸ½Ҳʹ֮أȸ½Ҳ˰ӺڰĵطĭӶܰû
㼤ǧѩҰ׷ǳһ˫Ҳ˾ȸʵ۲Ļˡ
ǧѩҧš
ȻǶ˵³ֻٴη䣬Į˲䱻紵ɢȴֺܿصÿնЩԺֻĶϴһһӾͱóγ
ְɡǧ΢΢ۣͷһĨ
Ҫģܾ򵥵ȥǧѩӦø˲Ŷԡλ⣬̳֡
ǧѩȻɴ۾Ȼһ
ʱһϰƵʦס֣
º󣬽ŴһٵĽŲǵɫӰ¥ϣϴżУҲŭŪò
νַ£΢΢ȸʵԺв޾ȣǸĮı飬·һжһ
£ˡƿ꣬ͬĮû˿¶ȡ
Ŀ̹Ȼȸʵ΢ƿðβ˵һĻʦǧѩȸ½ʥŮµѪѪˣ
ȸʵˣǧѩ˲伤һΣܻˣ
û˵վһԵǧȴЦ£㻹ôǧѩѾͶڰĻˣ㾹ʴȣ˵ͺͺڰıνĸ½ȫ̲ʱ򣬴½ϵĻʵ۶⣬ҲС
ȸʵĲһ£ȴҹͬ
ǧѩһֱȸ½ĹͻȻڰأ
ⶨȻǧı϶˺ڰᣬ±Ծǧѩ죬ɶǴʦҲԵߵȻˡ
ǧһǲĹȸʵ۽ǧȫͼɵŭһŮͿ㲻ԾˣھȻʥŮħצ㻹Ĳ



1450 Ҫ

ǧ˫ֻأȫһʶңΣѧԺ˶֪ǧѩ˺ڰᣬǻʵ۾Ͳƽϣ㲻ҡ
ȸ½ʱλʵ۱¾Ϳ˳ۣôˣȻˣ
ݣȸʵҧβ
ʱȾҲ˵ЩǧѩĻǲδֱӽĶȫ̻¶
ûãīҲվǧѩĶȫ˵Լ㱻ƵҲ˵һ顣
ȸʵԺɫ˲࣬ܿףԾЩţǧѩôĹҪ˵˺ڰᣬԸǸŮ˺ڰᡣ
˵Ů᲻ὫЩȫԻˣȻǵĿھͬǱԻˣ
ŮЩ˶ȻǱԻˡȸʵĲָǧıŭ
ǧ̲סһۣޱϻλģ
ȾĻԺҲһĨڽ
µİǼȸʵһˣʧҲȫŭɫ
ȸʵۼĴȥ̳¥ºǲҪ˵ģǻǱŮƻ˶ѣ޸ұ֤ǧѩȻǺڰˣʥŮҲѪѪܾˮѪѪ
һ˲仩Ȼ
ǧѩľȻѪѪ
ɼʹѪѪΣѾڰˣǾǵˣڰѪѪȫǸף
ǧѩ൱һŶʱըµ˻ֱɱ̲ôڰҲ̲ͬô
Ƿ׷׸ߺǧѩȥ
ǧѩȫȸʵ۵ɺڵóףر뽫Ⱥµİɱ
ʱǧֱӽǧѩϵĿռָ£֪ǲƭˣͿռָʲô֪ˣ
ۿռָᣬǧѩȻɴֹ
һ뵽ĽָѾѪ޷þ̽еģôһеĽҲ
⵭ؿǧ
ֻҪѪڣͲǧΣ
ǧѩһʱŷǳǧ
ǧüһֱӽռָУΣ϶ܽѪİɣƣλʥŮŵΪǲܽ⿪Ѫ
ǧѩȥһֻۣһ۾ͽĿջˣռָӹ¾ͽѪ
ǧѩˣɴһʱ⾹˷λһ֣˿̿ռָϵѪѾŵĶҪ¶ǰʱε񶼲ˡ
ҧ˫ɫ˲Ұֽ
ǧģЦһӾͶ˼֣ԭý⿪ѪģȸʵֻһŮѣˣҲǧƲϵϡ
ûôɵ˵ԣֻ÷γˡ
Ǿ˫ĴʦЩ˲ôɵôʦ
뵽ǧЦãЦüֱȾ۽ǣþòɢȥǧѩƺ뵽ʲôӲһеĿ־ԡ
ʱѾ̽룬֮ʹȡ˺ЩҩƿӣЩƿӶĺɫƿƺƮһʲôһűڼΪĲ
ȸʵȻ֪Щʲôһŵǲ㶫ɫһ䣬һЩںڰϢţأ˾¡
ǧѩһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǧѩü۵ʹŵòҶԡ
顱һνɫƿӶڵϣƿ˲ķѣĵҩҲɢһأɿںڰϢȴ޼ɵ¥µİնŵ
죬ʲôζа񰡡
ϵζǺڰζҲζģ
ζʱ򣬵ʱζҾԲǴġ
˲ɧǶǧѩָָ㣬ҲǺڰˣǣᱻʦץסѳаĶ
žҲ˵Ҳ֪ϵĵҩʲôγ¥ȥֽĿͶȸʵϡ
䱡Ŀ⣬ȸʵͷһ˲Ӷ䶯Ŵβ
΢΢üĿͶϲδƿ
Ƕ˵ǧЦָŵϵĵҩ˵ҩ渲һڰϢһ֪Ǳߵĵҩа񣬲ʲôö
ȸʵ۽ŵϣþò
ʱīѾһҩۼϸϸһ£ɫ䣬ʣҩ۾ܿĵҩǧѩͽЩҩڶˮ棬ڶʱֲȻ롣



1451 

ȸʵüһʱ仹ǲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧѩҪ䶨̴󺰴Уͼȸʵ۽Լ£ЩҩҵģҲ֪ΪλҵĿռָܿ϶ЩǣԲǣ
Ĵ󺿴ȸʵ۵ע⣬ǧѩƺһ⣬棬Щ治ģ
ǧѩͷҵģ治ҵģһҪңҿȸ½ʥŮҲһֱԴ½Ĺ
ȸʵüͷ˲ɶ˲٣ΣʦʥŮ˵Щҩˣл᲻ʲô᣿
ȻǲԸǧѩݣΪͣ汻ɱȸ½Ҳʧȥһ
Ϊʲô᣿üȫǳŪ
ȸʵ۾ûһ۾˵ʥŮռָĵҩ᲻˷Žȥģ˵ǡ
ȸʵû˵ĿȴͶǧϡ
ǧиӦȥɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳ亮˼֣˵ʲô˵ˣȸʵҲѡӡ
ռָѪһ˵ľ޷̽棬һЩҩأüЦһ
ȸʵ۱һ£һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ʱȾҲ˵ǶҲǧѩĶУȸ㲻˰ɣ
ȸʵһŤͷȾȥһ۾ͿȾݣѧԺԺҲģ˵ĻҲȨʲôǧѩȥġ
˵Щʲôµİǿʼ
ֶ˵ˣ䵱ȸ½
ȸʵɫ䣬ģ˷ǳ
޲ܣ޾;ô飬ʥŮǲᱳȸ½ģȸʵ˵ţҪǰǧѩӽ⿪
һԵ˼ˣ˲伱ˡ
īüʣ㲻ףǧѩһˣ
ȸʵЦ޼㶨ǱŮԻˣ˵ʲôʲôǾԲŮıóѵġ
ʣҿǱǧѩ˸Իˡīҧгݣһһ˵ɫ
ȸʵ۾ûһǧǼΪɵͶǧѩǼΪͺεģƿҩЩ˵Ļš
ȸʵƴΪԼǧѩؿҪˡ
ȸʵ۲ˣȰ棬ǧѩһ֮ѣǷŻɽ½ꡣ
԰ǵɺȸʵɲΪǱǧѩԻˣ
ƺҲϵһ㣬û䣬üͷûһ¡
ȸʵ۲Ȱ⣬ִҪӽ⿪ʱһŮ
һ£Ů֤֤ǧѩļ˺ڰᣡ޴ڸУԾ˸
ǧһתϤĺܣ
ʱһŮӽǰǽƿӿһϮˮɫɴȹòڣ˿ҲǳûκεĴڸУͻأ𣬸û˻ע⵽Ĵڡ
ǧĿͶϣü۲һ
˾Ȼǧˮ˵֤֤Ǽٰ
ǶǧˣǧˮͻȻǧѩ鶶¶ǧ˶ͬˣ
ǲǧĿ⣬ǧˮȥֻǿһ۱ܿ콫Ŀջˡ
ͬģǧѩҲע⵽ǧˮĴڣ˫Բŭȵǧˮ˵˵֤ݣʲô֤ݰ
ҵȻ֤ݰǧˮһֱͷ˵̧ǸӣȴһĨȻɫȻҵĴ㣬˺ڰᣬҾ͸ôס
һǰⳡͱˡ
˾ٱ˵˶ҪٱˣǾ˵ǧѩûõϧ
ǧˮ˵˵ȸʵۼзתһĨŭӿͷ
£Ůδ˵˵֤ݵġǧˮһţǧҵС㣬Ϊûڸһ
ȫţǸӲ
ЩǴҴ㷿ѳĵҩ͵Щҩһǧˮ˵ţͽѰҵĵҩȫó涼һڰϢǶһ¡
ǧһˣһģһġ
ЩǴҴ㷿ѳšǧˮͳһţڵϵһֱڸڰϵÿÿҹӲͣЪЩֽҲкڰϢǲһ¡
һס
ȷкڰϢҺŨ·һӾͻйһ



1452 

ıʼҴƽЩǲͬģǧˮȡһһ£һģһġ
ǧŶǧѩϣǧѩڻʲôýƱ𣿡
ǧѩЩŪˣβ
ȸʵҲЩ±ƣЩģ
ǧˮĴ㣡ʱѶǧٷ꣬һǰǧˮ·ŭȣ˵޹ģЩǼٵģûмʲôڰᡣ
ǧٷǧĿͶ˹ȥû뵽鶼˴˵زƫ̻Ƕ
ǧˮҲܵģҧĮļ˺ڰᣬⲻʵģˣҲһԺúչġ
ǧٷһѽǧˮʲôֻҪҼѩ㣬ĵȵ㣿
ǧˮЦһĮΣٲҲùǧѩڰɣǸʲôǶ֪𣿡
ѩûУǧٷһҧ
ǧˮҵĴ㣬ΪҪϣǧҺúõģǳ棬˺ĶҲϣĴڻǧٴܵɺͰңѡվָ֤ǧ˵ҲһθĹµĻᡣ
˿̣ǧˮ˵ʲôˣǧٷϲǧѩǲʵ˺ڰᣬҲš
ڣѾˡƿȫǰ־磬ǧѩȷ˺ڰᣬǷɱȫǵġ
һٴըǽ˵š
ɱҪɱ
ʲôݣһ˺ڰᣬǵˣ˸ɾ
ɱɣһ뵽ȥˣҵľ絶һ㡭
Ƿ׷ַǧѩȥ
˿̣˭վֹͻᱻĭӸȸʵŴ꣬Щˡ
ҪõѪѪ£ʧȥģҲܿ䣬ʱ̾ͻᱻĳòʧ
ȸʵȻʹЩ΢ˡ
ټϣǧѩھˣ½ںڰҲòѪѪˣʱ˭õҲһδ֪Ǻܺã
˲ͨˣһ仰˵ĻҲ˵ˡ
ǧѩˣ˫ղҰֽ£ҪҰҰ
ȸʵ۲š
ǧѩˣĿڷɪɪҲͣ
ȻþѾǾʩСƿ꣬ǧѩʱϺ¶ȣеɫ˼֡
ǧѩɴ˫һ˲·ǳʦŹҺòãһĹµģŹҡ
ղǧѩɣ˵ϣɴ˿˵ͺڰйϵģǲײĲᡣ
û˵ȴͻȻһĨ׺ǳ
ǧѩǳˡǧ˫ֻأ
ǧѩ֪Լʧԣһ£˲ͱˡ
ȴҲ˼ڽ
ȸʵԺ˫ձøΪ࣬һֱǧѩǱԩģڰҲˣ˭֪ղǧѩȻԼ¶˳
ãĹ£
ǲڼ˵˺ڰ
Ҳ˵˲ٺûھȻһжǧѩĻԣҲΪף㱻
ȸʵҧ˫ǧѩҲ˺
ǧѩ֪Լ԰ײ԰ףҲ˵һ仰ˡ
ʱֻεһӣһȻ֮˲ɢܿӿǧѩϡ
ǧѩֻԴһ£һѪֱӴͷ󣬱ͷǱǧѩɴ˫Щµġ
ûһɵɴ˫ȴֱֱڵϣһ˲ȫޡ
ˡղŻŲѵǧѩѾˣҲƲˡǧŵϵʬ壬Ҳûʲô飬ͷȴЩ㯡ǧѩô꣬ˣ·ȤҲʧȥһ롣
һ̾еҲɢһЩ
ѩʱǧٷѧǵǯƣһܵǧѩʬԣҵѩǧպô찡
ԭǧѾܣЩҪǧѩһֱŬţǧҪȥ·߳ˣԣڵǧǧѩһֳģǧˡǧٷԽԽģ˳˾нȫޡ
ѩҵѩ
ΪҪ˺ҵѩΪʲô
ѩˣǧҲˣǺúģúİ
ǧٷɤӣ϶˵ţлЩǻԹ



1453 Զ

ĿԺֻǧѩ๼Բûκ֮ͬɫ
ǧˮǰ̽ǧٷΣǧһҰһǧٶȷġ
ԣǧٷ俴ֿٽ˫ַˣŭ㽫ҵѩģҹҲټ㣡
˵ţǧٷ籧ǧѩʬ壬ײײ뿪
ǧˮԭվһҲȥ
һ־ôˣȸʵ۵ɫֱڶģʧȥһұۣʧȥģһÿǾˡ
ʲôû˵ת뿪ŲҲЩײײ
һ뿪ѸٱֵĽк
ʦ䣬ڽڰĳɱˡ
ղǸȸʵۻǧѩôʦ֣ȻҪŻɽˡ
ǰΪȸʵҲǸˣû뵽һ¾ͱ¶ªģڻЩźͺ°
ੲݣ׷˵ŷεĺãҲŭȸʵ۵ĳª˽һӺ󣬰Ǽûʲôֿɿȫɢˡ
ԭΧĳ¥£˲˲١
ǧһ˸Ц˶ɢˣҲ߰ɡ
ǧѩѾˡƿǳǳӦһá
صѧԺԺѧǻղŷ飬ֻ÷ľҲ֣ץסһڰҲΪ˰ɣ
뵽ѧϷ׷¶Ц⣬ʱҲЩɾ
ǧҲܿصסУԭҵģѾҹʰˡ
īǰץϲֵʱҲͺҹ˵ˣǾһϷЩۼǹȥģҲǹŪҵġ
2262±ϾôޱһҹεҲǹġڷĽŲֱεڵأò˾ͷ죬װոӡ
ݼƭǧѩ
Բ֮顭ӣˣǸǧѩˣҹһֱڷʰûȥ֣Բ֪澿ʲô
ϲֱסҹĴȣЦˡǺڰˣҪġ
ҹֻЩ㱣ôһŮ˾ȻôˡǰӺǧѩһأ
룬Լ޴Ŀ
ҹϧǧǰǳЦһ䡣
ҹ̻عǾЩ˼飬ôŮ˾ôˣ˾翸УȻ˺ڰӦ־򡣡
ǧЦЦҲ˵
ͻȻˣȷ翸Сҹʰӱ˳ȥʱҲϲִ˳ȥ
ʱоʣǧͷˡ
ǰþòԡ
Ƿȳס˵ʱͱʱ򣬲ʹ𣿡
ǧԼĸ˿ˣ·մȾһЩѪգʱǴѪģѪպôһ鿴Ÿˡ
ʶЩѪסʵɣҲǺۡ
νƬѪգüͷ壬棿
ŷ΢üۣ˫ǧЩ飬ӣڨڨһ˵ʵɣ΢һۡīֲأҲ쭳ѪЩ˶ѣҲûʲôġ
򴽣
ǧ˫˺üۣ˵ңѾʱѪһʹ˲ʧˣûڹһ
ü
Ѫĺۼڣûдڹ
ҿ˿ڡƿ꣬ࡣ
ǧֵ˰ɣڳ˵ҩ˿ڶˣӦǿɡ
ҿִۣ⡣
ðɡǧֲֻܺСĵؽ·ƿ˲ĸӳУλûһ̣ϲʱµġ
ڱͱĸȫûκ˺ۣͱҩˡɷλḧȥģϣС
ָܵϵůǧһΣҲⶼʼˣ˰ɣҪˡ
Ŀרעȹһŵá
ǧ˿̽·£ܿ츹λҲסˡ
ļԺ󣬷ŽĿջأȴż࣬¾ʹ˽ҹȥպɲҪ˵ľٶˡ
ᵣģҲۡ
ǧƵʶͷ֪ˣұ֤´ΡЩˮҲ˵һˣ㻹尡
ƿ꣬ɤԶ塭
ǧһһ˿˿ģζһʱ޷ˡ



1454 

ͬһʱ̡
һȫɫعУϵһͻȻˣֻá顱һķѣľƵмɢһأžֳһ
өѲӣһԵѣмضһ£ϡɱϵ֡
ǧѩǸԣȴŵҪŮ˾Ȼˣ
˵ŮѾΪӣͻȻô˻ЩʼδǴʵеģôͻȻˣǱǧǸɱˣ
ө񲻸Ҷȥ˾㱨
߳иΪĳȳөǰڳҲвٿŵĹһеһжǺģžɵĳǱһأҲһΣոС
ҵܲݵ㣬ǰǸطҪ󣬻ҪأǸõĵط
ټǽںڰĳԱֶһЩҳרǹҲԵߡ
˸˵ǣǹһֳԱҳϵָ£Ҳѧ˵û˵ľ츳Ƴǲġ
պ½ָտɴ
ө˼ֱ˾޵⡣
δʼţ洫һɡ
ө˼룬ƿ߽ȥȥʱ˾ϣбӣϴż־뵡ǧѩˣ
өٴסʲôû˵᳤ȻȫµˣǵĻ᳤ǵģǧѩѾѣѾˡөκϲŭ
˾ָ⣬дŵЦ⣬ȥˮͲµ˵ġϾôޱһˡ
өٴסǧѩȷޱģɻ᳤ƾʲôµأ
ǿɻ˾ĺܺõĽ͵ϵʱҾͲʲôС˼ǧصС˼
өȻϴεĵӴǧѩȥǧ鷳ʲôΪ˻᳤ѰϹԲ̸ǹƨ޷ΪԼѡ
˾ֵǧʲôˣܹԹԱڲ
өʶͷǧͷζѲˣǧѩҪǱռ˼ѣвͻԾĹ²²ǧѩɱ˲ɷɱ˰ɡ
ҲѾ¶ˡ˾ǧѩݻ󣬱ѪѪҪɱҲ͵͵ɱպ󶨻飬ҲǶȻŪ˺ܴ̣ԲŻ׾ٽǧѩɱˡ
ө󣬶
Ȼûڣ᳤һӾܷеԵɣʵĽ
˾˵һ󣬱ڰ֣өȥһǧѩǰϢ̺ܴһ¾֪ˡ
өŲһյʱ͹ˡ
ƿ꣬շȫ˵һ飬˵һ𾪣αлҪı㡣
˾ҲƵƵͷеЦ˼֣ǷξȻķӣǧѩɱȸʵпԣֻǧѩʵ
ǧѩˣûٸ½Ϣˡө뵽һ㡣
˾ЦһΪѪѪƳʲô
өٴλȻܾǻ᳤ǧѩ䵱ӵԭȡҲø½ûͷͣ
᳤ө˫Ǿ֪ѪѪˣԲᣡ
˾󣬴һ䣬ǰԲᡭ
ǧѩڰԱݱҿ½ǵĻȻŭɫ֪ǧѩѾˣǻҹֱ²΢ͣһЩ
ǧٷǣڸǹı
֪ǧѩļ󣬶Ҫȼţ˵ǧŮףǧѩڰ֤ݽʹðǵŭɢ˲٣Ҳǧ˸Ĺۣûǰôеˡ
ǧҵЩҲ˹켣Ҳ΢һ㡣
ǧٷ⼸һֱڱʹУǧˮĿ͸ųһ
ǧˮĸ첲۾ǧˮҪִ治飬ںˣ㣬ҲңǱˡ
ǧˮųԺˮֻûǧѩڵĿãΣǧѩļ˺ڰᣬҴʲô
Ȼϲǧѩǲòʵ㣬ǧ벻
ǧˮЦһʦѾ֪УҲ׷֣պгų֣ǧһᱻǧѩģҲᱻǰףһץɱ



1455 

ˣɴ󣬡ɡ
ô᣿ǧˮ۾ʵһԺڰʹŻɽǵŭͻŨ´αҷŬһ壬ǧ˶ᱻεĴΪǧҺãͿҲˣ㻹𣿡
ĬƬ̣˹
ҲЩ꣬ò˵ǧˮ˵ǶԵģβҷһǾͻΪףĿ
µſˮǧˮ
ŮһֱûڸУǰǧǲһأû뵽Ȼ˴͹ϡ
Ѳɣǰװģ
ӣҲ̽
ǧˮţտڲԡ
üͷ뵽ǧٷ䳰ȷЩܡ
ֻҪˣȻҵĿĵġǧˮһ
ʱѾͻȻǰ棬Уˣүˣ
ˣ
ǧˮһתͻȻвá
ȥﰵǣɫɷס
ǧˮ߳һȻ϶ȥǧ鷳ˡ
ʱǧѩʱǧǾڳҪǧѩҲᱻǧٷ϶ȥ鷳
뵽ֿܣǧˮòεǰǧҲ뽫ŪˣǧôԼǵʵġ
˵͹ϵɣֻ΢Էһӡͳɣ밲Сء
˭֪ǧٷ羹ȻôŮٶ룬ĸŮѸٳѧԺȥ
ǧˮûȱ۵ĵȥѧԺǧǵ鷳ˡ
ѧԺûȥͱѧ⡣
ʲôҪȥǧٷüͷһơ
ѧܿ;ǰмϤˣǰڳ¥ϵģǧѩĸ
ʱһֱڰǧѩȫͲף˿رڶ϶鷳ġ
ϾѧԺҴǧѩĶУǴʦνǧѩɱģΪǧѩĸ׹ġ
ѧ˲һݣ䱸ԲѧԺϸģ޹Ա룬ҪιۣȥķѧԺιۡ
ιۣ˵ģǧٷŭ𣬡ѧԺǧͷθҽглҪǵ˵
ѧüͷ壬ǲ²ⲻ˵ȷġ
ԲλˣڲѧԺСѧǿڣϣǧٷ֪Ѷˡ
ǧٷȴǵĿģüͷһ壬ֱÿſڣҾǻ
ѧû뵽޳ܣЩ㶵ģһʱ˵
ǧٷ纮һֱſţ׼á
ɹһʱЩͷˣȥͷˣ
Щѧƭ
ǧٷлܵԹҲڴ˿̱ˣЩѧʱ򣬾ͿٳѧԺУѧǾһܽȥ׷
ɱϾǧٷҲһߣѧ׷һȻˣ
ѧʶãȥȾͨϣ¡
ǧٷѧԺжתתܿѧԺ԰ҵǧͷΣͤкȲ裬ģжожС
ԼʹʧŮĿʹɫͱ˼֣ǰȥڡ
ǧΣǽҼѩġǧٷһ˫֮ȫǾ˵ŭɫ˵
ԣ˫˫豭£ĿҲܿͶ䵽ǧٷϣˣǧ΢㶣ȫû뵽ڴ˿̹ʦ
ôǧüͷȴڲֹͣǧˮûн
ǧٷšüҧģΪʲôǽҼѩɱҾͲֻ𣿡
ǧ˵Ŀ˲佻ˣǧٷɣ˾£˫䣬ǧѩڰᣬˣ๼
˵ҼѩġǧٷҡͷЩ״
ǧֻЩЦ˭Ҳû˾ǼˣǧˮҲ֪ףͲ֪𣿡
˵ǧˮǧٷ䣬ŭǧˮԼĴ㣬ǧûŮûСǴҥԺҵѩҶĲǡ
ǧֻеۣѾˣܶ˵ЩʲôȥҲȥ롣
ô죿ǧѹοȥ
ü˫˱޷Ҳ򲻹ǡ
ֻϳܶѡ
ǧһҲǧٷ翴һۣ㲻˵ˡ



1456 ̸

ǧٷԼӣͷŭأҲҡҡ׹ǽҼѩɱģҽվҪֻһ
䣬ǧٷһֻŭʨٴγ˳ȥоһѼĳҲ˹ᴩ
Ĩɱ⣬һһιǧٷеĳأˡһڵɢɫ⡣
ǧٷסŵϵĳⲻ˸˹ǳʹȫȻǵһаʽס
üͷһʱڵ֪ô죿
ǧٷ磬㰮Ůб㲻ƽϣҪִ⣬ݹǲˡǧƿ꣬³
ڶߣǧٷһŭȴԽԽ࣬޷ͣ
㽫Ҽѩģղǧٷ񷢷һ㣬ٴγ˳ȥҲ߽ﲻϡ
ʱȾѶǧˮﾹȻҲС
ǧˮǧٷͬһˣһȫѪҺ˲Ҳû̳ǰȥǧٷˡ
ͱ𷢷ˡǧˮüͷһȷ˺ڰᣬϧȥǶʲôã
ǧٷɿҴԲģǱݺġ
˭ݺǧˮЦһҪʲôʲôǷȸ½Ĵʦ˰Ա˳ȥݺ㣿
⡭ǧٷ䶯Ŵ꣬˵һ䷴Ļ
ȷʱڳ¥Ϸǵȷó˲֤Щ֤޷ٵģǱʶԾ޷ܴŮʵǱݺģŻһ㡣
ҧ˫ȻǴʦǧŮԻˡԣ϶ġ
ǧ˲䷭һۡ
ǧˮҲ߼Ĳᣬҧûʦʲôˣ㱻˸ԻҲ̫ǧ˰ɣ
ǧٷٴαһ¡
ǰ
ʦȸĿоһĴڣ㱻˸Իסˣ
汻Ի˾Ĵʦ
ԣǻȥ𣿡ǧˮٴγסǧٷ䣬鷳ˣ๼ǻȥ򵥵ӣⲻ𣿡
ǰȥɡҲǰ̫ȥյļҲǧ鷳ˡ
ǧˮ˵öԣȥ򵥵ܱȱǿ
ǧЩؿһۣŮ˾Ȼûмϡ棬ǧˮϴԵĹҲͦǿġ
ǧٷ䶯Ŵ꣬չ˳ţҲûˣƺͨʲô
ȻһжᣬǾ̸ͰɡȾվһ࣬ʱڵǧѩǺźǾûκ˼˾Ǽˣ΢һ㡣
ǧٷɫѿȴûղǰ㷢裬еͨˡ
ŮѾˣǵڼҲǧˮˣȻʱͻȻ¶Ļǧһ᳹군
ҧ˫йƤֱ̱ڵء
ǧˮһæǧٷ
ʱǧٷûκιǷϵȥɡ
Ƿϵӷ·˺üʮꡣ
ǧˮһۣԾЩζãǻȥɡ
˼ǧˮǧٷ罻׼ȥǧ˵仰
ǧҵǹ鷳ģ̫˶ѡǧˮߵԣɰͰ͵˵ţдܲܲҪƽϣǰǲԣǷǧҾԲ鷳ˣֻ밲ĹӣӶѡ
ǧˮ˵óϿңҲǧѩǧⲻͬûʲôڸУ˼еģȴûôʵʩҲ֪Լʵ㡣
ָҲϲɺأǿˡ
ֻҪǲ鷳Ҳ鷳ǧ˫ֻأԼҲкöҪǲ֣ҾѾллˡ
֮⣬ֻҪǧ˲ȡ֣ǧǾԲġ
ǧˮеɫ΢Ũ˼֣л
ǧڰ֣ںлңֻҪܹסԼ֣ţ鲻ٷѾܺˡ
һġǧˮͷһ֣ء
ǧͷҲٶ˵Щʲô
ǧˮԭվһ̧뿪Ųɿܿ׷ǧٷǣǧٷһֱţҲƺͨʲôҲ֣ŷǳ
ܿ˵ӰʧѧԺ
ǧ뿪ıӰȵǵӰȫʧŶ˶ƿ˵ˣǧˮ㣬Ǹ΢һģäĿԼҪʲô



1457 ֣

վԣȴ
ȾվһԣҲղŵʼĩȫһЦ˵ղλǧѩĸףȻ֣ǸǧˮĵǸˣڳ¥ϲṩǧѩڰ֤ݣǰµĸȰסǸбµġ
ǧŪָ⣬ЦȷǸбµģǧѩ϶ع⣬׼ʱǰṩ֤ݣ˾ҲΪǧ˵ףպٱʲôĻǧҾͻǧѩһͬ𡣡
Ȼ֪ǧˮС˼С˼ûзǾν
ôһȷǸļƵġȾ䴽һЦйӰ˸
˵һͻȻֽתȨϣǧüһǧѩѾһ䣬ǲǸȨˣ
̫ңô˵ȨǼ֣޷ԭ¡
ȾƣȨԺüͷ壬¶һĨ֮ɫ纮̶һ䡣
ȨǲŹġȾͺٴƣֱԵø
ǧͬ˫˫ȻǰܷŹ
һԾţһλһȫ¶ɢһ񾲵Ϣ
ʱѧٴ˵ǶķѧԺҪˡ
ǧȾһۣȾšüͷøΪǲȥǣǾȻˣ˼Ľ
ǧͬһвһȦΪĺۼǰǾͳȥǣǾҪʲô
ɡȾ䣬ɫƮ͵ĻȣȴһĨĺˡ
뿪ıӰǧЦǣεĴ֣Ҳȥʲô
áƿܿڷУȴƮĶϡ
ǧһ¶һĨЦݡ
˿̵ѧԺ⣬վڼѧԺѧǵȨصģԼҪѧԺ
ϾյѾ֪λڰǵҵǸǷ֣ҹҲܸıǰѲ˵ʵ
˵λ˺īѣλīѧԺѧеĹϵ΢ˣ˭ܱ֤λīģǲǺǧѩһѧԺ˻᲻Ҳλһģ
ǾͻŴˣҪĶѧԺ
ǰĵ˵ֻλΪ׵ľȻͰǰܹǧѩǧѩһǴġ
Ѿˣ޷Ĩеŭ⣬ټһЩѧǰˡ
ʲôȾ߳һ۾ͶͰֻĿ⣬飿
żҲ˲һ
ͰȻȾĿ⣬΢ƽһºŵҲû鰡˵λǧѩĺѾ˰ɣ
Щѧ׷׸͡
Ҳ˵ˣǼ˺ڰűģôΪǧѩѵīǷҲ˺ڰأ
ǧѩǰѧԺôѧԺ᲻ҲӺͺڰṴ᣿
˼֣
ԭֻǧѩһ˵⣬ڱǶⴧ⣬ȻֲīѧԺ
Ĵⲻֹ⣬ѧԺȫѧŭ˳
һЩѧǺ˶ڣѧԺЩѧҲǲδʹ˷еĶⷴ˼֡
Ⱦվһԣüͷ΢û뵽ѧԺ˾Ȼ޳ܣ鲻˵ⴧ⣬ֱǶѧԺ衣
Ҿãʱǧǿ顣Ⱦָ⣬Ƣ˵ţȴǼһƬֶⴧʵڲȡѧԺĶһЩµˣǻΪԼܹȫվ
Ȼһ˼˵붯ִˣ
ͰЩĵȾԺ𣿻˵ѧԺˣԲŻˣ
飬ֻ۾ˣȾƿֻ÷Ц
ͰҧŴ꣬ɫѡ
Ⱦ΢䣬ٴ˵û֤ݾͶⴧ⣬ѧԺôǵģҾǻǱˡ
Ȼɴ˫ࡣ
Ⱦ΢һ٣ڣ·û˯һ㣬ƢãһһģĲ̫ȫ
ٴαв˵ɫ쳣ѿѧҲͬˣɫף۸һ
ʱǧͷҲѧԺ߳һǾͿѧԺѧһֺ·𱻷ųĶһһ۾ܿġ



1458 

ְǶʲôģǧŷ߹ȥܿȾվ
ǧͰʶһ֪ΪʲôǶеɵģȼȾʱļɵҪ
Ⱦ䣬ЦҲûʲôģ˵Ǻǧѩߵּͦ˺ڰᣬǿİףѧԺҲǺڰѡ
ǧ⾪סû뵽Щ˻˴ԲѣֻܱĳԽִ׼ܵ༭ʲôİɡ
ǧ˫ֻأǶⴧɣѧԺʷƾã̳ѧ಻ʤڸ½ҲΪֵõⴧȣ
ԴǼĿһʱڿ־޷
ǧһɨǵ۵ףֵңѧԺǧѩڰ֤ݣʱʦҲһڳǾ÷ڰǣѧԺ˵Ǿǧѩ̫ңĨڵķʽ
ѧɴһʱԣû뵽ǧȻô˼
Σ˵Ķ𣿡ǧʶȥᳶε䡣
εͷźʱΪ˺ΪǺǧѩϵҪͣڸıʲôԲŻ̲ס˵Щʲô
һǧ»ٴᳶε°ڣЦжᣬڰЩʲôġ
˱һǰ亹ð
ԭ飬˵ģ˭ǧͷξȻȫǵ˼⵽û߶ʲôǺͺڰйϵ
һ
Ͱ±ᣬ͵Ǳ˵˵ǸڰᲢûнҲǧѩϤԣǺһϵûС
˵ģǧеЦ⽥ƿƮƮ˵ǧѩ죿ǰôһϵĶҲǽģǻ˵죿
ǾһѷءȾ˫ֻأЦⰻȻڻǲصϷǿİɣ
û뵽ᱻ⣬Ͱɫٴһ
ǵֻҪҩģѧԺ˶֪ôվѧҲЩɡ
ǵȷǵõʱϳ˺ʬߣʬܲõĺۼŪѧԺиǳ
ټѧԺеķԺܿȫѧԺĹעɺǵȴͻȻˣҲ֧֧ģ˵һȻѧԺ˶Ϊơ
£ѧԺ˵Ҳܿǵɻԭҩǧѩģֲһֱ˵ǲŸ鰡
ѧһָָ
ֲǵʱ֧֧ģԭ顣
ѵͰҲͺڰṴһˣ
ҲѧԺľӢӦòɡ
˵ɣͰɫһһ׵ģѿ
鷢չǧһЦƺҪѻ𣬡Ҳȱ˵»ûȷе֤ء
仰˵壬ʵȴһ˫ƽԨ֣顣
Ͱɴ˫Щŵؿǧû뵽һôĶ챻˵ɻˡ
鷳ȴȴǧ㼸仰ˣһļңȡʩĻѧԺѧҪ˺ˡ
ǣǱǺ˵ûڰᣬûСżͣȫǼеζ
ѧǣζ˵
Ͱһۣż֪ɣͲѧԺˡ
ǧ˫ֻأЦøΪ
Ͱһţ˲ɪɪ侹ǾЦЩˣͷ·ڴʲôһ
Ϊɵǧ˵Щʲô˶һۣæ˵ǣڰֽɵĵطǾԲģߣǵʱǧѩǽҩҲѣΪʱʵ̫ˣӱûн˵
˵Уȥϡ
ѧˣ˲Ժˡ
˵ͦϵģɵҩеɣŪǶ첻֪˭ˡ
ѧгɣٴμʶǧЩڣҲ֪νˡ
ˣǧ˫ֻأȸһ߰ʵҲϣ˼ڰᣬľӢȻʵ̫ˡ
ЩΪҪ˵
ѵˣ



1459 

ԣǲ̣ʲôǽȽϺáǧٶƿ꣬˸ŨŨЦ⡣
ȻһǧȻˣ
ᣬʲôıɣ
ɣǲ˵Щʲô
ǧֵڴ䣬еЦţλ˵ЩʲôѾĬˣ
Ⱦͷվһ࣬Ϸ
ͰȻǧüͷǽʲô
ǧʼ磬ЦŨΪҪǲҪǧѩѣŹĨǵġ
ûУǾһ¡ҲܲסæĿ˵ΪǰЩܵǧѩ裬ʵǧѩ˵Ϣһ£Ļ뼷ңûҪǧѩ˵˼
ѧɫһ䡣
ֻΪֻѧԺģ˭룬ǾǧѩЩڣҲֻǳ䵱ڻҵġ
뵽˴ѧӲģ˵ĿҲûôˣںڰʲô鵹ǲ˵ˡ
Ͱ˿û
ǽ˵ǧüʾٽ˵
ͰһۣЩԡ
΢Ƭֵ̣Ƕǧѩʹ˵أڰԼɵûκιϵֻ뼷һ¶ѡ
˼˵Ŷǧѩϣ˵ѡ
ѧһؾˣȻ˼Ϊ
Ͱҧ˫ɫøѿ˼֣ԭ뼷һ±ˣ˭֪ὫԼŪĺǧѩȫûǸʵ
ǧ˫ֻأԴǱȻѾŪǲǿ뿪ˣ
Ͱָһʱ䲢û̧뿪
ǧ˫ֻأԴǼ٩֮⣬ǲߣǻ̸ģ
һ̧뿪Ųĵľ͹׷һ
뿪ıӰǧ۾ΪǷȨģ˭룬ǾģԲ˵ʲôҪǣǵ󰡡
Ⱦƿ꣬һ˭˵ء
ΪܳûȨѿǲˣЩѧֻŵĶѡ
ǧȾȥȴ
Ҳվһԣˮ
κһٻصѧԺ֮С
ѧԺ
ɭɲķУȨج
ֻҪһ˯ȥǰͻḡֳ˲ģһ˫ѪһĿģ
ȨԼĿڴϢˮʪˣûܴӻ㱵ҲĳץץؿڵĲϣ㽫ǰĲץơ
ʱһӴνδʵĴӴ֨߹죬Ȩеһδ
̴ӴܵǰԼһˮ
һˮǣȨŵĲƽ࣬˿ȴǰ˲٣յ緢
ûдӦڰЩ£᲻Ͳˣ
Ȩ̾飬⴫һ󼱴ٵ
Ȩ۾һУ˼ʱǰˣȥŴ򿪡
к£ȨŴ򿪣ɫвơ
ѪͰȴǰſʹ಻ԺҪΪǸմѧԺ뿪ڻ·ϾȻ⵽˷һͬǰȥѧˣȻѣҲˣڻҲʵھŲѡ
Ѫ죬ЩطƤ¶ɭȻ׹ǣǸģʵң˲
Ȩȫû뵽ǻһʼͦõġ
ǸղȥѧԺˣȨ۾ͻȻһ䣬ȥѧԺʲô
˶һۣʹ˵ǧѩ飬ȥһѧԺЩˣ˭֪ǻģȻߵʱǡ
Ȩüͷһ
ǾȻȥѧԺˣ
ڵѧԺѾͶǰһˣǧо˫ĴʦţĺܣĻ׾ͱ˼ң
ͰҲûˣ㱾¶ûУ֪ȥңڵüûɹװʧѧԺѧ
ֹˣҲܵǣھѪһ㣬Ľ
Ȩ˵˲ûˣǲպյһʱףͲ֪˵Щʲô
κȨſ˵ȷѧԺ˷ǵģ



1460 ƽ

΢סûþüͷ϶ǣȻôɺϵ飬һ뿪ѧԺͱģˣ
˵һ֤ҲûУȨͻȻ˫
˶һۣһŵͷû֤ݣɶǲ̫ѺõľֻѧԺԣǸҿ϶ֵĶȻǵˡ
˵ţ˾߿ټѪܵĺۼ˿ȥ͹
ȨٴζǣһֳĬˡ
˶һۣȨЩԾ᳭һȥѧԺǱ֣Ȼ˳ĬѲǷʲô
һȨڿ˵Ȼû֤ݣ¾Ժ飬ǲԩһѧԺ
ԭء
ǲŵؿȨдӺɻ
Ȩ϶˵ģʲôģģ
ԺѧԺ۸ͷˣҪϢ𣿡Ŵǣϱѿ
ȻѪģģ·ѾѪ˿̣ҩЧǵҲ࣬΢ЩʹҲ¶
ûκ֤ݡȨ۾ɫ
һҲͲҿˡ
Ȩһ˼ſ˵ȥѧɥĵط
ΪȨʲôˣ˫һͷ
ɥĵصڻѧԺɭУľïܣһֹľ׸У߽УӲһ
Ͱһţɪɪ
ǸտʼֵʱҲûô䣬ôһӾ񱻱ѩסһ֫Ӳ첻Լˡ
Ȩ۾طĺܣǰɭֵʱδĸоɽյôˣ
Ժûһֺĸоӣʵ
Ȩƿ˵ͷЩС
ƿ꣬˵Ҳúͷ·ط˱ϵһ
䣬ǰľʬ壬ľʬڵأѪģģ˵ĹС
Ȩǰʬ壬üͷ壬ľʬȻңѿЩҧۣҧۺֻҪһھܴƬѪ⣬ɭȻ׹̿ɼ
˺ҧĺۼģ
ĳħ˺ҧʱµĺۼѧԺ͵ħޣ
Ȩ˿ȥĳһĨӵĺۼǸҿϵЩۼǱħ˺ģѰôܻŪĺۼ
һȻһǴŵϵʬ壬汻ǿһЩĺۼǱ˺ҧģȷΪ
⡭˲ʱҲ¶ֳɣЩ˺ۣӦֺܴ͵ħްɣҲпѧԺѧǵԼأ
֤ݣȨŤͷǼֱۣ˵ĺۼ˿̿ȴΪˡ
ͷһԴ֪˵Щʲô
ȨһƬɭлʲôħްɣȻȥ
䣬뿪
Ͱһ̸ۣȥ
뿪ʱû˷־ľӳ˫ɫ۾֣˫۾ȫ̰ʹѣȴֽ˺ڰУʧ
ѧͨϢδҲΪûдѧԺ쳣ƽĶһŬա
֮͵վͱˡ
ԭǣѧԺѧȥƬɭȻ״ޱȡ
Ⱦһʱ֪£˫ú棬ǰȥѧȫˣ
ǰѧȫѪЩطɼ׹ǣҲСΨһҴߡ
ſ򣬶϶˵ǵģʱͻȻǰһڣʱұһҽҳԴһ㿴ЩһѧȫѪ߰ߣ˷ǳ̫˾ƴܣϾȻ˺ۣѪⶼ¶ɭȻ׹ǡ
䣬ҴɪɪҲǾ
Ⱦǰļ
Ҵʵ̫УȻһӣҲˡ
ȰöѪ£˿кôȾִһѪݵҴǰ
Ҵԥһ£ֽҩ¡
ҩµʱҴϵ˿ڲϣʹҲʧ˲١
Ⱦǻָ˹ѯʣʱû˵ģ
ҴȻҡͷ֮дһ˿ȫƲ˵ٶȺÿ죬ǸжĹ켣ڷӦʱǾѾˣãܵÿ첻Ȼ



1461 ϻħ

뵽Щѧ״̿ˮеĿ־˼֡
ٶȿ죿Ⱦ°ͣ˼ѲǷϵħʦ
ɸôķϵħʦ
Ӱȥ٣
ٶȿ죬㻹ʲôܣȾ۾ٴѯʣѧԺѧǽǳѣԱ˽
Ҵ߻һ£øˣرܳԡҵʱ׽˺Ƥ⣬Ķˡ
뵽Ҵ߱ͷ
ȾҪôţȴڲ˼ţӰȥ٣ϲ˺Ƥ⣬ǻ
ʲôְɣ
˼ʱǧҲ˴
һŵһѪζǧŤͷһͿڵأѪģҴߣǾ壬ҲڱıԵš
ǧī˳棬һ㶣Ҳмɻ󣬵Ƿ۾ûգһ£·ǰѪܵĳ沢Ȥ
˭ôˣǧָ߽ŵϵҴߣһ䡣
ȾǣҲƿ꽫һ顣
󣬲üͷͷҲƶһЩ뷨ǧ°ͣӰȥ٣⣬ʲôײеħްɣ
Ҵֺµһӣ᲻ǷѧԺˣһֱ뼷ѧԺ
Ⱦ΢ںһĨ΢С
ȨǸˣڰᶼܺʲôģ
ɳʲôѧǵİɣ
뵽˴ɫ䵭˼ָ֣Ҳһ
²⵹еģѧԺһֱںѧԺһ˺Щ飬ѧҲġȾƿ꣬ûǶ˼ֳ
Ҵ󣬲ɪɪ˵ǷѧԺɵȾԺһҪΪȥѧ𰡡
һǻſĺܡ
ȾŴеŨġ
ǧȴǷѧԺɵģѧԺȻһֱƣӦûб¼Ԧôǿħޡ
ҴߵתбԷֻ֣ħ޶ȻΪǿ󣬲ȥ磬ж켣£һ⣬ǼΪײеġ
ѧԺôײеħ£
뵽˴ǧͿ˵ҵã¿ܲǷѧԺģϾתожϣһֻΪײеħޣҲΪѧԺܹԦ
һȾüͷûþǾĻе
ȨȻ񶾣ļƣʵҲûҲԼǿ׶ħޣղҲ֣ûϸ˼Щˡ
˵ʲôħޣŻ׺أȾ°ͣ⴦طһֱƽʲôʱ򾹻׶ħˣ
ǧҲʱĬ
κīҲͬˣĬĽ
ǿȥֳǧƿ꣬ͻȻ˵һ䣬ڻжʲôȿʬ壬жˡ
һ˷׷׵ͷΨڵϵҴɫ˰ףЩµ˵ܲܲȥʱĳʵˣȥˣġ
ɡǧ룬͵ͷѾ巽λǡ
Ҵ߸һķλؿڿʼʵ̫ˡǴɭ纮˽ȥʱ˲ƣ˲Խһ¡
ǧǻϵħʦֱеǶûʲôӰ졣
ʼãҲûʲôӰ졣
Ⱦī˴˴ֱۣȫһ⡣
䡣īŴ꣬ƿпһ䡣
䣬л֯һĺҲ谭ߣǳֵ̫죬˲ò䱸
ȾɭеһУüͷ֣ɭֲ䣬ﳣ걻̫֣ʲôʲô
ȻԾɣīٴƿꡣ
Ⱦ˿ܣŴû˵
ǧüһ˵ôͦԾģҲ֪﾿ʲôҵǼʬ˵ɡ
ûãЩҵʬͳǰ
īȾ˲ЩȻȻлҪңϵѪⶼѾҧɭȻ׹Ǳ¶ڿյУЩ׹ϻŲٲӬһʱ䡰ˡ쳹޶˷
Ⱦһʬϵ˿ڣǱлд󣬻ҪʲôһЩΧһЩݺۣݺܴҲΪ񣬹ֲܽƤһҧ˿ˮ
Կʲôħ𣿡Ⱦ̧ǧǿȥ
ī˲ĬƲʲôħΪ



1462 µħ

ǧҲͬĬʶοȥΣʲô뷨𣿡
νŵϵʬ壬β
ǧ֪˼һʱҲûٴγѯʣһɵվԭء
Ҳ֪˶ãβųݣӦǻݣܴܼ̣ȼӦòͣʥϡ
ǧһ£˵һֻϻħ޸ɵģֻħ޿ӵģ
īȾһۣҲĬһֻôǿϻħ޵Ļǿܻݱһѡ
ϾѪǿϻħʵڲöԸҪԸضˣв붼µĺܡ
ȻôǿһֻħޣΪҪͻȻרҪʳѧԺѧȾ۾Щ⣬ټôһֻǿħֳܴĶôһ㶼ûأ
ٴγɤģż֮⣬ѧԺеѧ츳ܲҲһֱŬЩѧѪⶨӿӶø֡
һȾͷ˲䷺
ѧе츳ôˣһҪΪħ޵Ŀ
Ⱦ˫֣ейһĨɱ⡣
ǧȾһֽۣĿͶϣΣûʲô취ֻܽϻħ
εʹһʱ侹ЩĬҲ֪˶òƿ˵Ŀǰֻϻħ޺ͣҲܴҪƺЩ鷳
ǧšüͷ㶼˵鷳ͦ鷳
ҧ꣬β
ǧ΢΢̾Ϣ鼬
ʱΧе㱡⣬ûκζˣЩζʳվֻϻħ޾޶ãѵѾǵʵûóȻ֣
˵һȷǸġ
ǧƽɭ֣ǳ˵ȷһֻħޣҲζʳɣȻ֣ӰӶûУ֪ǵĶ֣
ȾҲĻҲǴһֻѾǵħˡ
īͬ治ѣüͷȴû˵
ʱһҵĽŲͻȻԺⲻһҲһĨɫ
˹ˡδǾ輸룬м˴ɭܳһʧģϻŷѧԺ·һ֪ǷѧԺѧ
ǵжѧԺѧǧδɣеľҲøŨ
ǷѧԺѧʲôȾͬǣоǾ衣
ѧԺѧлˣ̫ˣģʵɭˣһϤϤǱΪʲô¶ҪǣȻ治֪ôˡ
ǧüͷһ
ϤϤ
ѵտʼϻħ޵ĿǣΪһЩأϻħ޾ͱȰˣЩѧӳĿܣ
أǧЩˡ
ǧüͷԽԽֿܣҲֻ֪ϻħ޻᲻ĳ͵أ
ֳܿ˿Χɷƽ˾ҲûƼʲô쳣ĵطֻ̫ˣһ˿˿Ĺ졣
ȾͬҲ뷨ǲδ˵ŤͷϸϸΧһС
ǧƳͷĿͶǼѧϣʵǸղϤϤ
ǼѧҲѧԺĵжԹϵ̿˵ˣرԽԽԽԽ涼˼£ǲ붨ȻʲôȻ
Ȼ
Ȼһֻô޴ϻħޣ
ǧ΢΢ȣȴûб¶ƿ꣬ʵп𣿡
ѧҡͷֻϤϤӰûƼ˵ǿˡ
ǧ°ͣĿȻѧԺ˵һȷһֻӰȥٵϻЩ֪Ūĵʲô
΢΢̾ϢȴøΪ˼֣ЩжѧǻǻѧԺɣ治һƽĵط
ѧһЩպյģǱΪѧԺ˶ͦû뵽ȻĲ
Ϊǣǿ뿪
ѧǿ˼ֵۣллǣˣ˵ǰЩҲˣѧԺˣѧԺЩ͵͵˵ء
Ҳ˵ģѧԺ沢δֱ˵Ҫѹȥ˼
֮Щ棬Բž˴û뵽ˡ
ǷѧԺҲˣǧһֵطмʬ⣬һЩɭ׵ĺǣĪǣЩǷѧԺЩȥѧĺǣ



1463 ΪǺ

żʱ䣬ѾȥƤ⣬ֱӱ˹ͷ
ҲʵΥȻɣѵﻹǱʲôŹ֣
ֶûиоŤͷΣʵΣʬһӱɺǣ⴦ɭǲʲôŹ֣
γ̽һ£֮ſ˵һռ䣬ϻħ޵ٵĿռ䣬ڿռķΧ¡
ǧ󣬲Щ
Ȼпռ䣿ֻϻħҪ
ռ䣿ܴ𣿡ǧüһһ
ζ׵Ĺƿ˵ռеŹ֣ʱڻ޷ƣԿɼֻħ޵ʵ
ǧ󣬲ҧһ˫üͷʱڣҲ˵ȹЩӾܴˣ
εͷˮÿǳֻҪһʱ䣬ܽռ飬ڴڼ仹ӦȽϻħȻռһͻ˾裬ʱͬھ鷳ˡ
ǧ󣬲ͷҲԣӦ취ⶫ
ʲô취һʱҲܲҼѧȥ䵱նɣ
ǵʱŲѧȫϾϻħ޵ٶȺܿ죬Ҳֻһ֮ѣܸһȫ߲֮С
뵽˴ǧһ´꣬Ҳ˳ĬС
ѧԺѧ˵Ժ󣬲ŴǣʵǸǲûʲô˰ǿ뿪𣿡
ǧŷ֣ЩѧȻûߣüƿţ˴ҲûˣǿЩ뿪ɡ
ѧ̧뿪ĴæȻ¼ˡ
ǧ뿪ıӰʲôҲû˵
ԭվһҲ׼뿪
뿪֮صͻȻ¶һ˫ɫĴ۾˫۾ϸϸΧһУЩѾߵԺ˿
û뵽ֵطȻļˣǸ·ģɲ⡣
ܵÿ죬Ȼɵ꣬취⼸ԵĻǾ̫ˡ
գŻɫ۾̰ٴ۵ӣǰΪŨ˼֡
ԺɭеȥҲɢˣǰȥѧȫƽ¹Ҳûз¼
ǧϢԺȴûɿôĹŹˣΣֻϻħôͻȻˣѵѾߵˣ
Ų̄ϵĻݲݣǧ˵ɲȻɭһԼĿռ䣬ǾͲô׷ڵֻ˵񡣡
񣬵ȴ´γ֣ǧüһȻǿǵħޣǲһȻ񡣡
νŪõĻݰһͦ۵λãڷҡҷÿǳȷʵлҪһ㡣
ǧ˵ӦȥѧԺˣûȥȥƬɭûá
εɣȰʧС˵
ǧͬͷܿҵȾ˵£ȾҲôΣҽѧȫټ˴С
ѧǲ֪ȾΪҪټȴܾúʲôҪ
ɭַǶ֪ģвѧˣֻһ˴˵ûٴ˵ϢЩС˾ͲȥƬɭˡ
Щ󵨵ȴûʲôӰ죬һֱɭ
գҽټҪ˵Ⱦƿ꣬ɫڵƻ⡣
ѧǿվ̨ϵȾ˽
˵ȾԺټ˵ʲô
֪ѵ¸±ԣʲô
᲻ɭз飬˵˺üˣһĺܲңǱʲôħ޸˺һ
һѧſˮ˲Ĭ
ǲ֪ȾҪ˵ЩʲôһǼΪĻ⣬ȻҲὫѧȫټ˴ˣ
ѧǶ۰ͰͿԼȾڿ˵ƬɭпһֻΪ׺ħޣֻħ޵ĵȼʥϣӰȥǳǰЩӣѧԺѧˣ˺ϧҲϣٴη
ԣѧٴλȻ
ʥϵħޣ
Ӱȥ٣
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ˿ԶԸ˵
ѧſˮһʱ侹ȫĬɫҲüΪѿ
˵ôײеħ޻ɭ𣿿û
ѧǺĿ⣬ȾٶȿڣȻûзʲô¼ݹ۲죬ײħ޲δ뿪һֱǱɭ񣬴ʵʱͻٴγ
Ⱦ˵࣬˲òŷ
ѧˢˢȾ𾪣ЩţȴûκɣǾȾĻȾҲûҪƭǡ
ΪǺã



1464 ؾ

ԣϣҪȥɭˡȾƿ꣬ҪҽѧԺеؾ򿪣ʱǾȥ
һѧЩϲؿȾ
ȻҪؾ򿪣Ҫ֪ؾǳɼõѧܽȥģÿʮŴһΣȾȻΪ´򿪣ǶǼĺǻˡ
ܽѧԺʵǵĸ
ѧϷ׷¶ϲɫǶȾΪϲҲ˵ΪͬȥɭͲȥ£Ѿĺõطˡ
ѧǶΪϣȾҲȾЦ⣬ȻھͽؾҪȥģͿȥˡ
䣬Ⱦ̧뿪ܿͽؾˡ
ǧ֪ԺҲ׼ȥؾп
ΣȾ彫ؾˣһûнȥأȥǧŷε֣ȫûܾĻᡣ
οɰ׵С֣һЦ⣬Ҳų硣
ؾÿʮһδ򿪣˿̱ѧǵע⣬ȿֺؽ뵽ؾУһȫǲõЦ⡣
һЦǧҲǱȾһؾôܻӭ϶һõĵطɣǿЩ뿴
һЦš
뵽ؾԺ󣬳ǰһĳأԲεģΧвٴдľΧԲΧľȻһȦȦҫȵĻ棬Щȼţ·ֻҪͻᱻɽ̿һ
ǧǸԲΣֶΧһȦ棬ЩҪЩʲô
ѵҪѧԲԴǱԲȦͻᱻΧĻһ£
ܿ죬ǧɻ͵õ˽ͣΪʱһضɽҡԲиȥԺ󣬾һֻŴͷħȻ
˻һôͷôŵ棬ɲǣϳһѺۣɼľ޴
ǧǰһħޣЩЦ
û뵽ؾоôªħޣȾͦء˵ҪЩѧȫͬһֻħޣ֮ⳡͨˣȥͦ򵥵ӡ
ǧ°ͣǰֻªħޣȴûڵһʱ֡
θվţҲûκж
ʱѧǿǰĳªħޣЩȡ
ֻһħޣͼϵɳɣ˵ǿĴͷϣѡ
ҲͼϼⶫѶԸĺܣôؾгְ
ǸؾǸȼߵ׼ģؾѶȻһģֻЩˡ
ģȫۼһ𣬾ӻһ
˵Ҫֻͨ
ȥǿȻ˶࣬ʵչǲһЩĿͨ𣿡
ӦÿԵİɣֻҪǶСһ㡭
䣬ѧһȫ뵽ԲγУڽ֮ǰǻվΧǧͷΣվԭأҲûҪ˼
ѧҲûκβĵطⳡǽѸ٣ҲһͬˣͲôˣҲʧȥ塣
뵽˴ѧǵҲ࣬ǽǰĳªһ˫˫ڱŷǿҵս⡣
ǧͷڴ˴ЧǸӰһЩģǻҪԼ
Ͼ¸µнܵõ
ѧսǧҲЦЩѧȫǲս⣬Ҿ͸˼ԲˣǾͷţͽȥæ
󣬱Цŵͷġ
ʱѧѾȫӿԲ֮ڣĴиӦͻȻһתеĴͷٴ¡
ɲǣһѵĺۼͬ֩һܲܣʯ׷ɶȥϳֻܷѧϣŪǻۣЩطȻʼˡ
ѧǸܵһԺ󣬲ʹĵطйпԵĸо
ֻ󣬾ȻСʯ鶼˳
ǰҪҵϣǾͳˡ
˵ѧǲЩ£ָֺܿ˹ǽǰĴƺ˼ҪôԸ
ʱѧȫһſڵʱ׷׾еһɲǣȣӦоУ漫Ϊʢ˷ĸо
ѧǻӶʱɲǣһͷ׵ħڣвħڵʱ򼲳۶ϣеҲʱɢһӨââµʱе׷״Դ
ʱ򣬸ħˢˢڴϡ
ֻá顱һҵĽΧҲв̳ɢ˲ѧǵ۾



1465 ͹ɣ

ѧǷ׷˻صԭأűħΧĴ
ǧħγѤõɫʣҲͬ죬ֻܵС˰ɣ
ѧ۰Ͱţȫڴ
̳ɢȥѧǳԲȥɴ˫ͷҲһ£Ӷʼˡ
ôᡭǵôǿΪֻΡȻվҲֻһ㱻Ū˵ĺۼһͻһ
ֻлҪͭǽڣǹ롭˵ĴٴκţֻҲ˼ֿ񱩵ĺۼ̵۾˲䷺죬ֺɫѪˣ·̻ܽ
ãɳʼˣ
Ҳ֪˭һѧǾʼһſҲңڵǾһɢɳҲܽһ򾡡
ǧˣüͷЩѧŬУ̫׻˰ɡ
ϣǼǿһЩƿ꣬˲䴽кܿڻ
ǧ°ͣҲûҪǰæ˼ò΢еѶȵ׳֣ЩѧҲò飬˵ܲ
ʱѧɻҲѡ
Ѿ״̬ĴƵһѧ
顱һѧһ㣬ֱֱ׵ΧĻС
ЩὫҲ·κκۣµʹȴǼΪʵġ
ѧͻȻ̵̣
ţǡ顱ѧ˳ڻвϺţ˺һŻָ
ǣҪٴνԲеʱȴоԲΧһ͸״Ĳǣǽȥȴܳ
˵ֻҪˣͲܻȥսˣ
ͷһѧ˲ңͷѧ˲ߺǧҪֻҪͽȥˡ
䣬һ˱˳
ѧ˲ЩΣôоѻ찡ǧĿһ֮ҲЩϲüȻĲоȾԶô󡣡
ЦĿȴϻ
кЩѧ˵˳ͨ𣿡ǧ˫ֻأһġ
ɲЦȴ΢
ģ̌ԲеһУʣµЩѧڷֵҲ˼ʹĺۼ
ֻȴԽսԽ£еɺŨħֻۣ֮Ҫһ۾ͻᱻɳ
ǿǴ򲻹ġ
УǺò״ԲܷǧͷξΧǷĻ϶Цǵġ
⻰һƺмζѧǷ׷ȥϵٶȱüǰĴһŨŨս⡣
ǵս·ܻһһ̣ѧԺѧţɱ䣬ܳΪһħʦߣ
ǧץǰĲϣҲһĨѪͷơ
֮ѧѾ뵽ƣ۵״ֻ̬ȴȣ˼ɵ
˵ûκˣѧҲ취Ըκʵΰˡ
ǧУЩѧδãһȺΪǿսʿûʤҲûзΪ֮Ժ
òͽҰɡǧһֱӽѪ﷨ȡѪһҫķӨ󷢹⣬Ļꡣ
ǧһ㣬һԲγ룬һɲ°ɣһζǿڿ񱩵ĴĲһ¡
תɺ˫Щɵؿǧۡ
ǧĿ⣬ɫȻ
վڲԶѧȴûôȻǽǧȫϸʼˣҪǿ񱩵Ĵֲ̫ȥסˡ
£ֻܾվԭأȥǧ鷳
ûãǧǿʼˣзȣǿյͷֻ˻һ̵ڵء
顱һ˲䱻ҳһӡ
ǧûиϢĻᣬϣֱȭͷһ
顱Χ쳹ñףҲκη
ѧǼ㱩ľ󣬲ɪɪǿҲסͻȻ֮Щֻˡ
֮ǧֳ֣ϵĴˣҪȥһؿ
ÿ޿䣬һСĸδűɿˣܵúܿ죬ϵĴͷˡ
Ŵ뿪ıӰǧʶԼıӡ
Σܵĺÿ죬͹׷ǧָŴ뿪ıӰ޹˵
һѧ˲͹
͹ɣ



1466 ƻ

𴽽ǣȴ
ʱһƿһȺţ뵽һؿ
һѩĵطװع纮˪ǽؾʱɭֻݷѾõİ׻ħҲͲסˣͷ˻һгѪͿ
ŻɫĴ۾̰֮ɫ¶˼ɵ
ǰЩӣΪǧǵĵ;񣬴ͣһʱٴжܵЩǿϢʧȥʲôؾ֮УĻ͸ˡ
ϻħͷһɲҺһȳζһɶѪĿ
ٴ˻ԴԴϣŹƺڻʲô
ԶѧԺͷѧԺҴ߾Ǳƻһǵ˫޽࣬Ҳûκα飬ȴ׼ؽƿһɭֵķȥ
˿ϸֱܷȻ˸һɫıǡ
Ǹһɫϻͷ˻һ̣ɫϻͷ˸ŹâЩâ˵ǡ
ҴһɭֵķȥȻͰ
߳ʱ˲ѧǵע⡣
㣬СҪȥ
û˵˫ɻɢһû˼Ŀܡ
찡Ҫȥɭ֣
ѧǷʲô̾ɻδţֹҲ޷ֹǾ˼Ѫһúô
ѧֻȥɭֵķ
֪ɭкޣôͲȰأ
ǲǺܹ𣿾񱻿һ
Ҳãʬ⣬û˵ʲô
˵ѧһɪɪĪǣֱɻˣ
УǻǵȥԺ˵һ
ѧſˮƺƵȨסݴ
ʱҴѾϣһɭ֣Ƭɭֱű濴ȥһڵĴڣצ̾⣬ȴʳĵ
ҴĿң޾ɫĽ뵽ɭ˻·ʥٻ˲˾ϲѡ
յҴվһȫǺǵɭطȴоһͣס˽Ųƺڵĳ˵ĵ
ɳɳɳ
ŲڵϣҶɢɳɳɳԽԽʱһ޴ӰͻȻǰ͸΢⣬ܿһͷɫϻܴ󣬻ǻɫģĳаҴߵʱΪĴѣȴûڵһʱ佫˺ѡ
ԶŵȻҪúƷˡ
ҹɫϻڣǰƵͬڽУ˲˰ء
ҴȴûʲôоǽںɫϻĿɣȫ֪ȥʲô
˵ȲǰЩӼǼˣܳԳԵġɫϻĿ䵽ϣȴЩʧ
ǰȫûĻ
ɫϻڣдżּЦҿеﻹܵ浱ԼǸˣ˸ۣŪһǣұǹܵĶԹ
䣬ֱϵĺɫٴһ£ӦþǺɫϻ˵ʳǰɡ
ҽȥɫϻצһӣɲǣΧĿռ˺ѿһӣǵӼȥֻܿ޾ĺڰ˽Ԩ
ȴûκδ̧ţ޾ԨȥֱӰȫûڰУɫϻҲ뵽档
ǵӰʧǵ˺ѵĿӲſʼںϣֱȫκεĺۼ
⻭沢δκ˵ע⣬ǵȵѧԺ˷ֵʱֻѾϻ븹˰ɡ
ʱѧԺѧѽͰķ֪Ȩ
ȨԺ󣬲δκε뷨ѱ˼ȥˣ
ڰ֣ں˵ǿֻȥɣȻµġ
ЩǰѧҧŴ꣬ǣʱ˵ĺ֣ʲôһûа㽹ࡣ
ȨûʲôʲôģÿβǺúõĻˣ
ѧ󣬵Ǿмֵ
ûκΣأ
ѧڷվһ̧뿪
뿪֮ȨҲ˵飬ֻ˾ͻؾ
һװعУЩѩûʵ壬һͻữɹʧ٣ɱȴʵģȫ˲
ǧǻϵħʦЩ˵пޣûʲôоЩѧҪɱˡ


1467 ˲ǳ

䣬Щ츳õˣôͨصġ
ǿСʹʦûʲôоЩ츳õǲҲһ
ѧŤͷһ˵ıʣͷ·ﲻǱһΪͨĵط
˱ˣ
ʱ򣬵ζһɳ©ӵصڶ
ѧ̤Ƭ磬ɳ©ۣʱʼҲ˵ѧҪվɳ©еɳ©꣬ⳡ޷һؿ
ⳡȥͦ򵥣ƺûһôѣɾԺѧǵӶΪƣҪڱѩдôʱ䣬ζɾͲ̫ˡ
ǧվΧûҪȥ˼
ЩѩûκãȥҲòκЧ෴ѧǸΪĳԾͻᱻƻܲá
ԣ׼ΧۿѧʲôΣգٳҲ١
ɳһС룬ѧʼ֧Ųסˣɫ԰ףƬǰ׵ˣҲ̲סߵԲȦΧ
ֱߵΧĵطЩвɢ˲٣ȴǺµҩڿʼůˡ
ԲȦʱǲܳԵҩģһ¾ͻᱻΧĵط
ѧʼߵΧ£ԲȦоֻʣʮѧˣЩѩԵ紵ڵʱֱд̹ǣ˵ļεʹǳһܹһ㡣
ɳ©һʱʮѧ̲סˣ̹ǣ˺ˣȥ˵ġ
Ŵ꣬һһ߳ԲȦϵı鶼ѿֻһܳɹˣɾôһǳΪʧߡ
ɳ©ٴ»صصףֻٴ̤ʱ򣬲ܿʼ¼ʱ
ѧϢһһŤͷȻһΡ
վһԵǧ˵飬ȷһţղڸ򶷵ʱѾ˲پٴνԲȦڵĻǵľݽߣʱҲΣա
˵òЩѧܳ˵ҩǽƣ״̬ٴνֻ»ܲáǣĺһΡѧΪĲġ
ǧü˵ǿȻȥϢϢõ״̬ȥԿЩѩȻܶٴζǲеġ
ѧҲĻŷ
һʱҲûôִˣǾȥϢϢˣ
һȺѧǺƺƵ뿪ؾǧͷҲϣһ뿪ůϣָоĺá
ѧǸܵͷ⣬Ҳ۾̾ϵĺȫɢӱˬѡ
ѧһ󣬾̧뿪طķȥ
յҲѧȥˣʣһѧ飬ǰЩҴߣľ״̬ܲãһѧڿչ
ڣҴ߾ȻˣȥˮʱҴʧˣˡǽеطҹɻûӰټȾҲ³ȥѧԺµ˶ûС
ǿ޿䣬̿񱼵ҵ˵ˡ
ǿǧͷεʱ۾ˡ
С㣬ʦҴ߲ˡǼѧжŲ
ǧͷڻζؾ飬䲻ЩЩѧȥ˵ʲô˭ˣ
۾ˣһ𣬡ӳɭֵҴߣһֱչҲСгЧɾڸղȥˮʱȻˣ
ҧ˫ֵǰеطҹˣǲӰһ˻ܵȥ
ǧһҲЩ⣬뿪ʱȷڷϢ𣿡
ȻͷȷԴӻľЩһֱڷ
ǧƣӾˣһ˲ܻԵ޹ʧʲô飬ȥˣ񲻺ӦòȥߣµȷЩ֡
°ͣ΢˼һͿΣʵΣô
ѧӦûη䣬ѾվһԵѧȥ˽йˡ
ûãѧˡ
ǧеɻһ飬ѧɫãȻû˳һֱվ棬ҲûƼ˳
һ¾ͱЩ˷룬ѧûˣ˵Ҵƾʧģ
ѧҶ֪ûô似ƾʧܵġ
ǧĦƣҲ˻ƾʧüʣѧԺлʲôط뿪˵ûʲô֮ģ



1468 ʥ

ûС֪Ժиһѧ˵𹷶顣
ȥǧƿ
Ժȷиƽﶼõݸţڵȫ¶һССͨ磬һᱻѧ֣Ǹõӿεط
˵ҴǴӹģĿʲôأ
ôػܣֱ
϶깷ߵġѧǶǰĹЩ޷޲ƽ
ȻܵˣǻѰôá
ǧǰĹüͷ΢΢һ֪ΪʲôҪ뿪չʱ˵ʲô𣿡
ѧҡҡͷľһֱܲãҲ˵
ǧٴüͷҲ˵Ԥ׾ˣ
˻һһġ
֪ˣҵ˵ɡǧڰ֣˵½ǾУȻȥɡ
ѧǳһۣ˵Ҳ˼̧֣뿪
˶ˣǧеĺ¶˼֣ΣҾе֣ô˺ö˶˾ˣıˣؼü˰οο
û˵ɫȴɡ
ǧ΢΢üͻȻ࣬ûô򵥣ǲе֣
ǳǳ
Ժ󣬷δһ¾ͺ˫ˣǾе֣ºûô򵥣ΧҲƮһħ޵ζܵ
ֻϻħޣǧüһ
εͷһ
˵ϻħ˴Ҵ߸ץˣǧԽ˵ԽòԾֻϻħ޵ײг̶ȣһڽ˸ˣ
صץߣ
ҡҡͷǱһЦ⣬ҵ˼ϻħ޲ǰĳٻԶˡ
ǧֻͷϻħޱлҪҪƻ
ϻħôʲô᣿ǧգգ۾ʧЦһĳְ취ٻ˶ûô
νֵ°ʹβ
ǧüͷ˵ô˵Ҵ׶༪ˣ
΢٣֮ŵͷƺѴ
ǧźԺеһУ˵ǸΣ嵽ϻħ޵ϳһˣ˾ȳ
νͷÿֻǹȥҪˣʱʲôƲ
ǧеЩҲ֣ǿռ䣬޷Ƴ
ʱδƳİ취ˡƿ꣬ˮһڶʡ
ǧĦָ⣬ƣҲ֪ͷϻħǴĶģǺ˲ǳ
ڰܲ
Ѻʥ޵ĵطͻȻһ˼ܳϴż־֮ɫ
군ˣʥ޾ȻܳˡǿǺڰʥޣܱӹƽø٣Ǳ᳤֪ġ
˼תˣʱөտʥޣÿʮǰһΣʥƽŻ뿪
ʲôôȥιʥޣөվڴ⣬һģüͷɫѿ
ө˻һ¶ҧŴβ˫ȴò԰ޱȣһ֪ʲô
㻰أô˵өⷺһĨӣʵ˵ǲʥ޳ʲô״ˣ
֧֧ģǲ˵
өԽԽòԾȵ׷ʲôϽ˵ǲ˵֪ǺڰĹء
һתƺһ£һӴөĿ⣬̿ˮ̿ڵөϣʥ޲ˡ
ʥޣˣ
һөȻסһʱ֪˵Щʲô
˵ٴαס̹ڵϱסĴȣߵөҲǹģ治ǹģȵ˻᳤ǰòã
өٴÿ춼ιʥޣûܵ㲻֪
ɱŴȣպյʥǳʯһһģһģ۷̥ͷֱ治壬Ǹʯ񻹻ᶯҲԶֱղȫˡ
䣬ʯĳ棬Щ¡
өһûͻһѪ
ȻʯһһģһԼʥǴҪˡ
ңô֪ʥӣ̫ķУˣı඼ãʮ첻˵ȫʧȥټΧһʥζɢˡ
ө֪ش󣬾ȥѰ˾ȥˡ
Ҳөģ룬һҪҪı顣
ʱ˾һϯѩۣǰȲ裬ǺڰĲҶĲһЩԴԶζ



1469 ʧ

өǴæ˾Ƥƿѯʣ£
᳤²ˣʥԼܳȥˡөС
˾󣬲üһʥ޲ˣ
ʥһֱεطͻȻܵ
ʱܵģ˾۾
ܵѹө̿ˮ׳˵ʮǰ
ʲô˾ͻȻθеʱôˣΪڲͨǹĲ֪
ŭ磬˺·ǳŪʥ޵ŵ̱ڵأ˲պյĲ˵
˾һֽۣĿͶөϣ˵
ө񽫸ղǼ˵һ飬˾üͷҲһơ
˵֮ө񾲾վһԣȺ䡣
ڵϵͱɵˣҲڵȴſ̵ĵ
ʱΧѹ֣·ܽһжˣө˶ЩܣȴóȻΪ᳤ͷϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãΧղŽƽ˳һֻĸо
ʱ˾䣬ƿʥ޹ƻĺܣȻʯһģһԼҲȫǣֻʥ̫ˡ
һķ˸޷ԿЩӶûиоκεĶߡ
һ˷׷˿Ҳ˵᳤ˣ
˾ٶȻƿ˵ȥѰʥޣҲҪҳǺڰ֮ޡ
ûǺڰҲòκθ
ͷө̱ȭ᳤ģ¶߾ȫʥһأκ˵ġ
˾鵹Ǻֵ֪࣬ʥ޾ȥĶ
өҡҡͷѺĵطδʥ޵Ϣ޷ϢȥѰңֻȥĳһطˡ
ʥײУϲ⣬ҪܸߣҪʵ츳õ飬ԣȥĵطӦܼ츳õ˵ľۼء˾ٶصϣ
ǻǣөȻɴ۾ѧԺ𣿡
ѧԺ˶࣬ȫ츳ߵˣ
ȥ½ѧԺ顣˾䣬
өȭǰȥ
ڰᶪʧʥޣ½߾ȴͻȻһֻײдϻħޣ֮᲻ʲô
Щ˲֪
֮Ҵ߲δͰҲûлϢ񳹵ʧһ
ʱѧԺţҲ޷ƽ
ѧʵܲסЩȥɭѰңǧҲͬǵⷬ
ǳȥʱ򣬺ɭָ˷ѧԺǴԼʮˣнԴűһҴҵģ
ʱ򣬷ѧԺҲע⵽ǣ̾ͣ˽Ų
ӣΧҲлɽΪ裬·һͻһ
ʱǧͷδȺ߳ǿ˲÷ѧԺҲҽ
ǧǣʵɭģ
ƺھҪҪ˵Ŀ˵ɻȥһ˵ǲģ˵ġ
ˣ
ǧ۾һУһĿģ
ѧУˣǧƿ꣬һ䡣
ɢѹЩѧΨʵ棬ѧԺͰˣѾˣǻδ˼һ
ǧü۲һͰȻҲˣʧʱҲ죬ɺϣǱϻħһͬٻģ
üһɫֵ찡ô֪˿ɭأ
ѧ룬ٶȿ˵ѧǿǰ˳ɭֵķȥˣҵʱȫ޽࣬ʲôסһΪˡ
ǧ˫ʱһݣӦþǷ˵ıٻ˰ɡʶοȥͼüͷҲ΢һƺ˼ʲô
ԭˡǧĿջأһҲ˵ȥ֮û
ѧæͷͷżˣԭ뵱ȥҵģԺ˵ֻ̰ȥˣܻܿѾˣʶԾѰҡ
ǧֳǿ˼ۣ΢
ûеȥңȻҲΪϻħ޵ʳġ
أѧԺʲôѧǼǧĵûУ׳һ顣
ǧ𴽼䣬ҲûκʵҲ˵ģǰѧԺһѧҲˣԴҲûл
ѧȻɴ˫


1470 

ɭĹжײаÿѧԺѧԣĹţǻΧɼ˺
ѧĿڣЩ궯
һͻȻƿѯʣͰҲȥƬɭ֣˵ĹȻˣ
ѧǵԲ۾ȫǾ棬û뵽ξµ׼ȷʱڳһ
ǲɣֻܵͷǵģܵ˹ϮȻˣɸһѧȴˣҼǵõʱȫѪɭȻ׹Լɼˡ
˵Ǵ˴ֱۣ¶Ϊµı顣
ǧοȥֽĿͶѧϣͻȻʲô˫һ
ѧԺҴߵʱҲͰҲ˵ʱ׻ħʲôǣ
ԲŻʹǱٻ˹ȥ
֮ͨǧй㣬緱һ㣬ѧԺʧѧҲǵһҲ룬ǹʲôǣȻñǿǡ
һѧǶøˡ
ֻﾹȻôǣˣ
ǣǲ׶༪ˣѧǱһʡ
ǧٴοΣ󻺻ͷǹײУҶѾ죬ֻ¡
ѧӣһ˳
̫ˣĹ̫ˡҪ֪ģǻȥ˵䣬ǧǣεת뿪ذ׵ѣһĻȡ
ԭվһȥ
ǧǾǰȫģԣ²¡
뵽ɭԺƺǰҪ˼֣ΧҲŨһЩͷ·һ±һ˺¡
ǧŲֳһۣǶһ㣬ɢˡ
ѧ̽ţ˭ߣСҪ
һ·ͨ裬ܿ˶ǵĵطɭףѻܸǰЩʱҪһЩ
ǧͷζŵϵĺǣüͷ
ѧǿһۺ󣬲³öġǶ᲻ͰҲ֪˭Ȼһ䡣
һ˲һ뵽ֻײйǾ뿪һҪǱڴ˴ҪΪ
뵽ǻǾǧ·ֻǰȫġ
ʱֻá顱һʲô˳
Ҳ֪˭һ
˷꣬ȴֲ
ǧüͷԴȥһ㶡
Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥüͷٴν
ԭȫǺǵĵطȻһ߱еѪܵʬ壬ʬ°벿ֵѪѾʳɾֻһѪĹǼܣ沿ֵվȻã·ǹµġ
ͨգҲܿʬ徿˭ģǧǰʬ壬˸ͣ
Ȼǰɣһǰ԰ɣѧԺѧ׷궯ָŵϵʬ壬дŲš
츳Ҳ֮Ůɣû뵽ңʳˣҲܿʹ࣬Ҳ˵˻ʱʳġ
ʹҲž˲
ѧǶŵϵʬ壬׷׳Ĭȴڶͣ·ǲԸ¡
ǧҧһײеĹ
γһûзϻħ޵ϢֲƤӵ½ʬ嶪޿ְ
ΣܸܵǹϢ𣿡ǧƣܸоǱһھ뽫Ƕһ١
ԼĿռڣϢ¡ƿɤ䵭
ǧһĨŭֻﾹȻϵҲǸ˲ˡ
ܽռ򿪣ǧüͷ壬ȥҲǰ취
θ֣ϸƬ̾͵һٵҼգסϢΪնһȽȣ˵ΣһЩ
˵㵱նҲΣա
ǧüһ⡣
Ȼ⣬Ǿ;뿪ǧŤͷٶȿڵε΢˵ֻ˰ʬףѧԺλţǾԼ˾ȳǷѧԺԼְɡ
һѧԺЩ㶣ҪˣôһȰ
ΣգܾȳһѾˣټһ͸ѣԻԼְɡǧڰ֣䵭ɳ˸һȥҲԵģ͵ѧԺǷһ顣
ѧһ
飿


1471 ȡж

ƨô飡
ΪҺͷɳֱӸͺˡǧüͽ¸߸Ժʲô
ѧǾĻе
㱻ץ߿϶ҪȵİɣǲȣԵѧԺǾ˾»ΣգܸǧһǾʲôˡ
ѧ۰Ͱ͵سˣҲѾ˾
ܿǱ뿪ɭ֣ʱɭеƺŨ˼֣һʱܽ˵ǧһֺۣܿ콫Ŀ˻ȥ
صѧԺ֮ѧƺеήҲġ
ʵǰģ̫ˣ˵ڻм¡
ŴǣǧǿȥʵС㣬ҪֻǰֻԿ𣿡
ǧǵĿ⣬ǳЦŵͷǵģֻʵ̫ţˡ
ѧǾǵĴ󵨣ȴЩģҪСİֻ̫ˡ
ǧЦŵͷǻġ
ѧ˿뵽ο϶ҲȥĻ͸ӰȫˣԲΣյİɡ
˵˼仰̧뿪
ʱȨͻȻãȾûʲôɫ
Ҳ֪ǧǵĴ㣬뽫Ȩ⣬һ֮㽫˽ȨȾĿ⣬Ҳ֪Ȼʲôû˵
ʲôȾߣû˵
ǧʹʦģ֪ĿġȨƿ֮꣬ҲûǰǰưˣҲŨŨĺȦȻ˯òá
ȾƺʲôЦ˯òãҹλ֮ʣǲε÷ߺ޵Ŀ⿴㣿
Ȩһ˵˵
ǺǡȾЦĿ֮дŨŨĶ⡣
ʱǧͷλһȨϵЦֹסˡ
ȨԺȻ˰ǧЦдżֱζ
γȨһۣ˵
ȨŴ꣬ͷٴξ˾ǲµһ
ǧ˫ֻأЦЦѧԺѧһǾӢѧУˣֻЩ˵ȥңڻţǲ˾ȵĻǷѧԺʧȥĵġ
ԣȨʱ뷨µ˿
Ҳ¶ˣǧЦЦ
ȨҧжһּɵȻѩˣǷ˸󣬲κ£
Ȼǧƿ꣬ᶨȫûпЦ˼Σ˵أ
ε⵭Įȴ͸
Ȩǣ־ǰæܲô򵥣üͷСʣʲôҪ󣿡
վһȾ˫ֻأؿš
ǧָ⣬ȨϿ˼ۣЦҲûʲôҪ󣬾Ƿһ顣
飿Ȩü۵ʹһʱҲ֪Щʲô
ǧ񲻱䣬Ժ㿼𣿡
ȨҧǲӦĻѧԺеѧ˵ѧʵڲãǴӦˣ鲻֪λ
ʵ˾ᡣ
Ŷһʱ䣬ȨżѵصͷãҴӦǵҪ󡣡
ǧһ䣬ЦЦ
顭һԺôȨüͷü֮ƺЩ£һĨС
ǧüʾģģɱ˷Żġ
ֻ˵Ĺǰڣл뵽˴ǧ˫䣬ͬһֻݷľޣľ
ȨȻһȴЦɱ˷Żͺãͺá
ǧһЦøΪ޼ɵ
ȨϲŶǰĺˮĶһ˫εֿ۽һһʱѹ֣
΢Ŵ꣬ɾôҲҲ֪˶һԼȻѾ̸ףǲǿ뿪ˣ
ǧʼ磬ûҪŵ˼㡣
Ȩ̧뿪Ķӵζ
ǧ뿪ıӰ˫𽥼һ̶Ȼĺ֮
ôߣʵ̫ˡȾƣһȨĲͿɢʧڱŬסˡ
ǧȾЦˣȨǷһ飬ʱɵúûˡ
ȾĦڵĲϣҲ˼Ǹúûˡ
Ȼȥһϻħ޵顣κǰǧϸš
ŵ˲䴫ϣǧĴٴ˵Ц⣬ãȻȥһ¡
ǵСҲȾȥȾüͷܾǲ̫Σˣ



1472 й

̲סһ䣬ǵҪĵȼȥ䵱ն
ǧȾǵЦǰȽϺʣǱˣһצӾͻᱻ
ȾһҲеǵʵȷʵǿȥԸϻħҲֻϻħôײУ˼Ϊĵġ
ҪҪҸһȥȾƿһ䡣
ǧڰ֣˵ˣѧԺԺѧԺҪһȥˣѧԺô죿
ȾĬѧԺȷҪһĳҲ֪ʱŻʱʲô¶Ͳˡ
ܿ죬Ⱦʹһͬȥͷҿ˵һҪСģʲô͸Ͻǧܳǿ
İɣзڿ϶ûµġǧ֣ķεļˮ
Ⱦ򴽻е㵣ģҲܵİɣ΢ⷢޣѻϰɣ
ڴдһǧͷα뿪
һ£վȥ䵱ն˳Ȩ׼˳һͬȥҲǰѡͻæҵġ
ףҪȥնϲüͷоֻҪҹһ죬Ͳȥˡ
һűСײˣֿ
ǰǧЦŵͷһͲǾȥֻΪϻħճȻǵĵҰǲҪˡ
ϲںһ־ϲЦ⣬ףܴһȥ𣬱Ҳ档
УһеΣգǹԹԴѧԺɡǧһھܾȫûдһȥ˼
ϲָֽ⣬еССʧ䣬ܿƽ˹׵ҪϢǻӴ
ò˵ǼұǼΪµģֻҪ˵Ͳȡ֣ԹԵģϲĲеĺӡ
ڶ죬εȼͨ˵ǧͷγɭֵķȥҲˣֱӱһͨģ㽫Ƕ˶Ҳᱻ˷֡
ֻϻħ޴񣬿϶ѾǵӣݣͲϵ
˿̣Ҳ¾㱸ˡ
ǹȥʱѾˡ
ģ̌һвû⣬ܹµѧԺɳ˭ܡ
ܿҲһ㶡
ͨˣǧͷΣ
ºɣϸϸϿ˼ۣԽԽãûκζϢͨˡ
ȴҴ⣬۾ѯʵʦ
ǧÿͷķ˿ǳЦ˵ԣǡ
ףԡ
һϮ£ϵı鲢࣬ɿͨĴǲһ£𣿡
ѵȼˣͻȻеͬɭֻΪСû뵽Ӳӣʱ϶ᱻôֲ
ǵģǶˡǧƿ촽ĹѾǵòıһ£Ͳϵˡ
ܾ˼ȫһʱ侹ֶ˼Ƚȥ̽̽˵ɡ
˱뵽ɭУΪ˵ȼԵʣǧܵɭеı׹һȻıһܷǳ
ǰıڲƯɵģƺǵȥ·
ǧüͷû潫Щȫɢ
Ҳֻ룬һôˣֻֻϻħ޸Ӳˡ
ʱһεطһ˫ɫ۾̽ȴΪרעŴɭеˣһ˫̰
ζʳٴţȻĿռﻹһЩʳ֪ʳԽԽõġ
򴽰ֻ꣬ͨ࣬Ӷѣһ·ĺǿӣ
Ȼһץռ䣬ɫ·ʳͨ˾͵Сİɡ
뵽˴е̰ԣÿҪ
צһӣĿռΧ˺ѳһĿӣΧƯƯͺһſƯıʯǵ⡣
ǧֻǰһŹӰܿͷ˲ԾΣǰЩǡ
ƿ꣬˵ռ˺ˣֻϻħǽȥ
ǧ˫һΪϻħ޻ֱӽץȥû뵽ȻʹյļֶκԽԽˡ
ȥ𣿡ǧѹš
ȥǴеĿġαƿɡ
䣬˼װʲôûһһ˺ѵĿռȥܱܾЩƯΣգ˶ȥˣܾʲôֻܸŽȥ


1473 ǰĵط

ǽȥԺ󣬿ռرգƯΧĹ˲䲻ֻһ˵ĺڰ
ǧץŷεװµ찡ʲôطΪͻȻͺÿ°
Ҳһܺµӣװµӣο£Ǻһѣܼܿġ
𣿡ǧӣۿеˡ
ѹĲġ
ͷһۣϷ
һֱڰϻħ޼˺£Ӷڲֹӿͷ򴽽ǣţڿżһ
קŷǧһɫ˲кΣǹڶǡ
βɫĵͷڰһֱš
װһ㣿ǧ˫ȴ¶һĨ֮ɫҲԽԽ԰ˣҺ£ĺ¡
˫֣ҲԽһƬ紵ҲҶ
ںܲӾҪ֪ǵʵͿҪˡ
˼ǰǺģ޵ĴڣѾ˽ȥҲ֪˶ãǰֳһĨ
ǰŹӰǧ˫ƿռﾹȻзⷢĵطҲ֪ͨη
Ǻ棬˷ܣǲӣֱֺµӡ
ýˣǰĹһ̤ʱͷ·ʱתһ㣬ǰľ˲һ䣬ģ̌ɴ˫ͷҲһ¡
طǧ˽ģ͸Ųţǰطɳ죬ԲȷǳȫûһĺۼɳĮľͷһƬޣҲûκεĻһĹط
ĵطŪЩ
ǰͱطΪʱըĺܣԾŵط֮꣬ҵȥ
£ﲻϻħ޵Ŀռôͨط
ƭ˵İɣǧһ˫ɵԲԲ
μ̬ȣʵôˣ
ǰҾͱطǧҧ˫ѹ£ǱϻħյЩ֣̿طϻħй
Ҳ˾
ĵط
ɳ죬û˿ĻʵǸõĵط
£ڡְźˮһļ⡣
ǧȻ𾪣Ҳں£ǰ뿪Ҳܹͬ뿪ƿ꣬ϢҲúƽȣҼǵãطһСӣλúΣھ˵ǵȷطڣûаۼ˵ֻһþѡ
󣬲
վЩԺ
ǧطֲôȷҪȥȷһ¡
ܻ˼ʱѾ̧뿪΢һ£̧Ÿȥ
ûãǱһεطһľͷ˵ľͷģȥСҲһֶصζ
ȻڡǧǰľͷӣЩҲЩӡ
˵Ĳǻþĵطôطôϻħϵأ
̫ˡΣǽȥǧε֣һͬ뵽ľС
ľӻǺ뿪ʱһĶδΪ뿪һ㳾ȥɵģڰ׵Ƶġ
Ҳ뿪£Ȼôˡǧַ棬ɲǣָȾһңҲΪû뵽ķʽ
˲Щп
Լģγᰴļϡ
ǧ΢䴽ǣڴϸϸЦ⣬ǰΣ
γһڵļҾ߶ľͷģȥЩª˵ζܺÿܺãҾҲԼģ
ǧǹ㣬ǰļҾҲģôɣ
ܺÿοڵһУƺҪһж̽
ĵط룬Ҫȥ˽⣬·ֻƽ
Ҳ֪˶ãβŷۣһԵľϡ
ôôסطǧǰЦЩ
α鲻䣬ʵ˵ǰס˽ǰĵطҲ˽ǰÿһ㼣
ǧһֻ仰رˣˡ
üһһ۵ú˵ð
ЦȴвٹţѣС


1474 ׽Բ

ǧЦܿ콫Ŀƿ
վľͷԣǲ˵
ΪͻȻչ廳ȥƬΣ
Ŵ֪꣬Ǹý룬ӦվⲻȥȽϺá
ܣվʲôǧһľͷһſڣ˻֡
˲߽ȥƺЩԸ
ǧһۣ¡
Ҳˡ
ǧٴƿ˵˵˵
֪¹ش󣬼ȻѾ;Ҫ壬Ȼͳȥˡ̰̬ǧʾ˵ȥ
ǧƿ꣬ƽдżȻ˵طǰΪĳֲ֪ԭľݣҲǰģ˺ѵĿռﾹȻͨطЩ𣿡
󣬲۽ǣﵽʲôط
ﶼûУֱ˾
ǧҡҡͷ֪ʱҲû﾿ʲôطֻ֪ɳĮޣȴûκλ
Ŵ꣬ط鼮϶ûأʵ졣
ԣֿܡǧָͷֱ䵭˼֣һһû鼮ϼصģĴ½ԶһصطĳЩﴴµؿռ䡣
Ϊʲôüʡ
ǧĿͶϣ̶ֵǰһ½Զصطɽȴȷˡ
ԣпΪµؿռ䣿ٴοǧ
ǧʶͷ꣬ôƽأ
Ͼֻϻħʵ̫ײС
֪ǧЩʲôֱ΢ǰռ仹죬޷ȥ磬֮ռŵȹ̡
ǧ˫˼֣˵ġ
ϸϸһԺһЩҸոտһ£طܴȷ﾿أ˵ĳط͵͵ǣ
ǧϸϸһ£ûиоֱעӵĸоԴǽԺֻûڹעˣ֪Ӳȥ;÷ģʽ
һһ
ԣǿԾԲߣ±֪ǧüֳοһۡ
ϸϸ·˵
꣬ĵӦúɣ̲סѯʡ
ǧͷһֱѰҳȥ·ÿ·һ϶߹˵Ǻˡ
ûɽ֮࣬Բĵط۾
ǧ°ͣüͷһ˵ɽ϶еģжʮһɽдСûивĿܡ
ʵ̫ģû¾ɽǰЩľ֪
ǲһ顣
ʮһǺǡ
ɽʱ򣬺һɳĿռ쳹һѪõζ
ɫʥҪѽѽǲأúɫʥ׽Բذɡ
ǧֻΧն
ɫʥ޿϶ָֻϻħޣȻˣЩˣǱץռˣ׽Բءһջռϻħޱ㲻ٹǣҸطغá
֮Ѱҡǧӷһ˿񣬡ռ䣬Ϊ˸׽ԲأĹʵ񡣡
ʹβ
ƺЩסҪȥ濴
ǧ̽סȥʲô㻹ΪĿ
Ҿ뿴Ǹʲôܳ
ǧƿ꣬䵭ɤܰģ뿴ʲôеǻᣬ׽ԲǾͲţΡ
ϾطôóȻȥֻ»ᱻ͵Ϯ
ƺ֪ĹǣҲƽ
ʱǵɳƵɤ֣ҵˣͲڶСɽӲİ
ɽ
ѵ㣬ѧԺҴߣ
뵽˴ǧٴһƶߣ׼ȥͼǸɳľ
ڻɳ֮УʱСڵٳƶ
ǰܵģ׷ǸˣһͲˡǧȻɴ۾ƺ뿴ΪϸһЩ
ʲôҲյߣʡ
ǧָŴ⣬˵ڱܣй׷ϣԶ屼˵ģ
ЩԺҲƺ뿴һУӰʱͷһ


1475 ˽

ܸߺܴ˵ɷ֮ǰܵǸˡ۾ȻܿͿˣ㡣
ǧ˵ǰܵ㣿
ܵͷڴأȷûҺͬһѧԺѧȻǿԷֱġ
ǧֳԶȥͼǽŲ֮˵ȷСĺܣŮӲдġ
ʱֻϻħ޵ٴɳƵĴŹ˷ܣǰܣɫʥں׷ܵȥأʣµǣֲغ𣿡
õһƣǵƣ
ǧƣһΣֻǣץ֮׽Բ𣿡
򴽰꣬˫֮ͬþòĺ
ڸô죿ƴ𣿡еĳ˵Ŀľǽ˾ȳΣա
ɲ
ǧ°ͣϸϸ˼̫ԶǾϹȥҲңδʵʵʱóȻֺܿͻᱻ﷢֣Ҳ裬ǵļƻͻʧܡ
βǾˣҪǽﳹնɱ
ܾ˵һʱҲû˵Щʲô
ǰܣɫʥں׷һѪⱻҧˣҧĿأ
ɳõɤٶ𣬷·ڱһ㣬ɱĶȴ˲˵ǿֻţ޾ľ
ǹҪЧɡ
ϱһֱڿֻУ־ֽҲǵúͷǹ̬ġ
ǧŴ̨һ˫۾Ȼɭŭ⡣
ʱӰˣҲһҵļ
ǧţǰһѪģŮˣֱϵѪѾ˺ˣ¶ɭȻİ׹ǣѪ˳Ű׹ǲ£ܿͽȾ죬ΧҲƮɢһŨҵѪζ
ǹѪζǿҵϢ˾壡
㣬ŹҰɣ㡭㲻Ͽţɫ԰ף
ǰ죬һһŮҲôİɫϻԴʱܿǶݼĭ˵㣬ҪƳȥ㰡ƳȥǱһҵģ˵ҪһͽƳȥˣడ˽ֿ¡
ԺֻЩ㱡
ûطˣǲ֪ĶҲ֪йֱʼ׽Բأǲֻ֪ж̬
ʱͰһɽУΪΣɻǱҵˡ
ֻҲ¶࣬Ȼ˵ֻһˣͳðעʱ˳ȥ
֮󣬰ͱҧɱҡҵʱֻѣҲǹģĲǡ㲻ǰţ״̬ŹҺòãҸ㵱ţҲĲ롣
ɫϻŴ꣬ɲѪɫëȾ죬ãڶˡ
Ȼɴ˫һ
ܣܣھǾ
ǵðʱģ壬ʹ˫ղ԰ȫǺ⣬Ƕĺ⣬·ͻữ

ٴξһһȣֱֱˤڵء
ˤʱ˶ˣŬֱͱɭȻ׹ǣѾˣҲ᲻ˡ
ֻǰУÿһѪڵأ˲̺˵˫ۡ
ʱ򣬺ɫϻٶһҧ˫ϵѪ⣬Ѫܵ鱻׽ʡ
Ǿ׽ͷƤ顣
۵Ҳûǰˣֻܶ϶˵ţң
ɫϻѿǣüΪõڹӲд㣬ܲˣҪɫʥ޵ʳ𣿡
ٶ𣬺ܿǧһš
ǧŲԶĳԭٽѣĵͺ֮ǧû˳ֵĴ㡣
˽ȻΪ˻˳ȥεĻˣֻǱӦѡ
ǧü俴ǰһС
ܱҲ֣ɿĿԺüҲʹ˳ֵͷһжǱӦ
ʱ򣬲ҽڼĽȥʲôûˡ
ǧһ㱻еֻʣһǼܣʣ𣬿ϵĲ԰׿־壬ʬ忴ȥ
վǸǼԵģһֻͨɫϻֻϻӴ󣬸ʣһɷ֮ɫĴ۾΢΢Ŵ󣬳һѪ׻֮



1476 

ѾԱ˰ɣھ͸һĨá
ǧŲԶĺɫϻɫһ
֪һͷɷϻɼͷϻ֮Ǳסˡ
ȻͨɫģлҪаٱĵȼΪˣȻѾﵽסβµ˿ײʥ
ȻһͷôӴϻܿԶĺɫϻҲ䲻һȫǺɫȥΪаˡ
ǧ򴽣лҪˡ
ſˮǰܾˡ
ζԶĺɫϻһͷԴţͻȻȥ
ֳԵһˣʣأĸɣǶأ׽Բôɡ
ɳ˷ܵٴռ쳹̬Ŀ϶ᱻǧȴûκθо
Ѿ֪˺ɫϻʵȼվ͸ˡ
ģ̌ϻڵķ
ʱ򣬺ɫϻиӦҲԴ̧𣬳ǧķֿȥ۾񿴵ʲôһ򴽽ǣеаζŨ˼֡
˦ųβͣŵ뿪డغӴȻҷ־ҪΪҵʳ
ʳʳζɫʥ޺ϲ
ֻɫϻһ߱˵ֱӰȫʧҲʧˡ
һ뿪ǧٶ˫Ҿãոպˡ
һصصͷҲˡ
ʱηصϣڵͷϻӦǺڰʥޣźڰĸ󡣡
ǧЩ񣬡ڰʥޣղֻɫϻ
εڰһȫڣȼߣӵи֮
ײжҲи󣿡ǧȻɴ˫˵İɡ
Ҳ˵ʱͻȻڣʥһֱںεĵطû뵽ǻ˵ڰʥ޶ˣ
ǧ˽ƣˣŪǲǾûˣ
΢䣬һɫҲֻ֮ԣʥʵײУŪٺò
ǾŪˡģ̌°ͣ˫
ڰܲ
өڻ㱨鵽᳤Ѿ鵽ʥ޵ˡ
˾ڹۿ˵ѯʣĶ
ڣĴ½߾ѧԺĵطөüͷ
Ǹط˾ͬüͷڻһ콫ʥҳǧǿɲʡ͵ĵơ
өҲ˼иУ᳤ģ¶Ȼ߾ȫʥҳҴ
˾ź࣬齻ҺܷģʥʱҲΪײУҪġ
өٴεͷ᳤ģһСĵġ
˾ӷģϵİɫͻȻɶ𣬻һĻȣʥʱϲԼĿռ䣬㵽ʱעһ㣬ĵĿռһܽ⿪ġ
өȻ֪ʥеĿռЩѧⶨҲǽռУŪɱײеľ
һ󣬲ŵ᳤ģ¶ἫΪСġ
˾һع𴽰ꡣ
ʱөͻȻֿ˵᳤⼸ϵľ״̬ƺе㲻ãʱ־壬ٶҲ֡
˾һüͷ壬ôˣ
ʹˣɶһЩҩһҲ־Ͼôˣ
ǵǯƣװɵİɣ
ǲ³뷨өٴο˵᳤ǹװɵе־壬ټһֱιҩĸ˼ͱǿУԼ˵Ŀܡ
ôᡭ˾üͷٴν壬ȻЩѧͽѾЩˣǵλϡ
ǺڰҲⱾҪϵһüֵեɣ
᳤Ҫǰȥөƿ꣬ͻȻ飬ʶ㣬Ӧа취»ָǵİɡ
˾һŵͷǾȥɡ
ڰܲи´ֿ⣬ȫǡ顱´ǰѧͽΪЩѧͽʦǴӵм䡣
ǲã˿ȥЩ񲣬߶߶ģѧͽǻǲԽ죬ǻ᳤ģ᳤ҲûпóԺúȹţɼλĸߵͣ
ҳЩʲôֻ»᳤Ὣһߣֱɱʾͷ
뵽Щѧͽһ£㶼Щ뷨ˣʵܸⳤѧıҲǺܺúܺõˡ
Ǻ˼ʱԼһŲѧͽŤͷȥǿөϣ˾᳤



1477 

ѧͽȻһ̵ϥϵӭ᳤
˾ڰ֣Ц󣬡˳ϴ˵屧
ѧͽһ̽˹ģϡ
˴Ժѧͽǻȥھϵָ£ǴַΪ죬ƷҲԽԽˡ
˾һۣοֺܿ콫ĿͶϡ
ϴվԭأһ۾ܿĲԾﻹڲ߶ʲôѪѪ䣬䡭
˾⼸ۣ˫лһɫϣֵ˵ʲôʲô䰡
Ͼδؿ˾ٽ˫ֵͱߣڲҡͷСĽ˵˵¹شҲ˵ģĲ˵
˾üƽ֮󣬷·𻹴żƭζϣ㽫˵ôˣܰأ
ƭϿȥӴˣԴ˾ͻȻ˫ִЦѽô˿϶ҽĶ԰ɣ
˾Ȼܽġ
ө񿴿ֿǸȫ֪ϵĻһõǻ᳤ע⣬ĵѯʡ
ܸңǾ䵽ʲô˼أ˾ƿüøУ־Ҳ⡣
ҧָ⣬Ŷ϶˵Ҹ˵ӴѪѪ䰡ഫǧǰѪｵ٣ö̰˶ɱѪѪ⣬ĽǣǣѪôǰһξѪ䡣
˾һ¡
ȻĹ£
ѪĴ˵˵ģЩֺѪѪʲôϵأ
أ˾ٶȷʡ
΢٣ԼͷЩã˵ѽȥôأôǲˣһ㶼ǲˡ
ϲͷȥеʹࡣ
һʱûģ˾ԼҪʹ࣬һٴӰ϶뵽ġ
ˮϵıգգ۾ͻȻһžϲ˵ˡ
˾˫һʲôˣ
ϺһЦһ˵ǵξѪˣܳΪѪѪѪѪľѪҲѣÿһѪѪĵı˵һĴѪͻ£ٶȽٵʱ½ѵĿʼ
һөһ£˾Ҳڵ
ȫû뵽ѪѪһʷֻֻ֪ҪõѪѪܶ£֪µıûô򵥡
ܶ£ΪѪѪΪؼѪ
Ѫǳһٴν٣Ĵ½ڹؼʱ̽ѪסĴ½׾ٶã
뵽˴˾Ŵ꣬һ˫ȴž⣬ֹâ仹żС
ѪѪѪ˾ֵڴ䣬ס
өЩۺҲͻȻе㼤᳤ȻǧϵĻѪｵٵĻǲǾܵõҪģ
ө뷨뷨һڴѪ⡣
˾ҲˣǰֻҪѪｵ٣ֻҪܽѪס
ںڰȫʱҲ٣ʱ˶׳Ƴ
뵽˴˾˫վñֱҰĲ
˵ԺǱ߹Цɴ־״̬
᳤˸δãөŤͷϡ
š˾ƿǸṩ˺ܴһ鱨ܵҪһͣóԺúչš
өס
Ըһ֮˾뿪úú룬Ѫٴν١һѪȵԽǧСľС
ľС˵ġ
ǧϣĦϵĲյǻȷֻɫʥ޺ϲ׽ԲغԵϷĿҲпϷǰѾ֪ķλȻ˳۵Ľԡ
䣬ƿ꣬ԴϬһ֣ײжӵģûиһ˵
Щû˵ȴʶͷ
ǧһۣԭӦֽɫʥնɱģûĿռ䣬оֻҪжܾͻᱻ֡
ҲУɫ˲һǸΣܲһֱôȥɣ



1478 ӵ

ǧʱûڣתͷο˹ȥΣʲôԲ𣿡
һͶǧĿ⣬΢΢ſ˵ǲȥԼҹ
Լ΢
ǧ˼ֻɫʥ޺ϲ׽ԲغԣǾ㲻ȥҲ϶ҹε˼ǣҹڼ䣬ǿ취ɱ
󣬵ʱǵͼȴɵšüͷ˵ֻǣǻѧԺҴߣ
ǲˡǧ̾һǵҲǹĻ׳档
ٴüȥҴߵĻҲȻֵסġ
ǧʶͷȼߣ϶ֵס
ʱͻȻ˵ǣҲܳȥֹڣͨˣһֱᱩ¶Ҳľ衣
ѵҪţ뵽ոѪȵĳ棬Щʡ
˵Ҳûڵһʱֻ֣㱾Ͷ񶾣๼
ѧԺҴߣӦ޹İɡ֪ʲôֵ˵ͨˣ˿ûԼĵȼʱҲĳ֣ܾܲȾͿıˡ
սȭͷҿһ¡
ǧǿһۣȾ;ȰɣʵҲûʲôģֻҪǹͺˡ
ҹüžǳҲֲָ
ǧһҹľɫסʱҪ켸֣ǿռѾԵʰɣԲŻô졣
˿ٽӹϣҹʱǰҪֲ֣ûǲҪȥĺá
ô˵˽ǵͷ
СľķһסһκǧסһҲʲôġ
ʱԶڶߵһɽУһذԼ
ɽвݶѱȼůĻ治ȼţôůͣȴͣ䣬Ҳھʲô
͸⣬Ҳ˵
ǸˣҲǣѧԺҴߣ
ûյ緢𽥵뵽˱״̬
ԺҲڲ쳹źɫʥ޵ĻôײУôѪȣ˺²ѡ
ֻɫʥħˣһ˻ŵʱƤ˺˵ĲҽͻüΪ˷ܣǱ̬
ǵʱȫһֻͷӬͰĴתš
˭룬ĳһԺͻȻ˺ɫʥ޵˵Ҫ׽ԲأһץסͻΪζʳ
ʱ˭û⣬ΪֻһѣֻҪҵ·뿪ط
ɵɫʥ޳ֵʱǲ֪ⲻһ磬һ޳
ۿ˳ȥҲۿɫʥ޽ϵƤһһ˺£ҽţһֱں
ʱ̫ˣһֱУȥȡ
ûãˣƤ⣬ȫֻʣɭ׵ĹǼܣҷǳ
ٶ˺ɫʥõһѾˣӦ㡭˵طֻʣˣ´κɫʥ޵ٶôˣ
뵽˵Ӷø˽
ҲĲ
ҲصطôΣԲᱻ֣Բᡭ
˭ȾҰ
źʱ򣬲δɽеһϸĻܿǵӰˣһ
ǹֿһЦ˸ž⣬Ѿյʲôһ
ͰԵɡ
ɫϻŴǣ¶̰ܿӰʧҹɫУδ˲ʲô
ҴԹ԰㲻ԾĵطûҹҲܳŨҵĺУ޷ټ
ڶգԺûдɫϻ
գûС
ֱգƽ糣
ǧǰЩƵ°ֻͣɫʥ޵ҲסѾȥˣȻûκж׼Ϣأ׼ЩʳŹ
û˵ЩƵߵ⡣
ʱεͻȻֻŶѣÿ֮ǰὫǵԺô˲־壬Ҳ̲סһԻʲôʱʱԽǾľУӦþ춼ûжɰɡ
ǧ˫ԲΪɣҲ̫˰ɡУڿ־ʱһõعۿɣ



1479 ɫʥҪ

󣬲˵ͷܡ
ǧĥⲻǶ⣬Ǳ̬ˣöİ
΢΢ƿ˵룬Ӧþͻٴγ˰ɡ
Щ̴߽ʵ棿
̧һͨϲûʲô飬˫ȴΪ񣬴ż忡ζЩԺӡ
ô˼룬һſ˵죬Ӧǲˡ
üһδɡ
ʱǧҲûκλɣϸϸϵĲյĿ䣬ǹһҪ˰ɣٲϾҪɽˣɱϺɡ
Ȼһ䣬ǵԺٶȴɫϻɳõ
գ۾͹죬ǻûҰ
죬һϷɣ׽Բ׽Բأɫʥϲ׽Բ~
ǧǲһۣȻˡ
ɫʥѰʳó˭أڶɽ˰ˣɫʥ޷˰
ǧһ㶣ôҵĿˣǣѧԺҴߣ
һߵɽԶ𣿡
ǧһۣԶҶߵɽҲ֪࣬ĸɽȥҵҲֻһʬѡ
ܵͷ˲ɫҲѿ˼֣ɶ񡭡
ǧŴ꣬ʲôûл
ĦϵĲյҲû˵κλ
ʱ򣬺ɫϻҲûڳԵʱϲԼĸôͻȻûܸое֡
ǧüͷһ壬ʶ˵ûо֣Ȼˣе㲻簡
һʼûʲôĻԺ󣬾Ҳ֡
Ҳ֪˶ãɫϻٴ𣬶ƺżŭɫ
ʳﲻóԣɫʥ׼ٴԣ׼𣿡
ٴԣ
ǧͷһ˫ҲҪٴԣҲ˵Ŀǣ
εıδб仯
ͻȻӵĻǲǾܸǹشˣ
ǧ۾һ˵ӦǿԵģȵʱֻҪӦԾͺá
ܿ⣬صصͷ
ʱ򣬺ɫϻٴ𣬽ģ˼ãǲﰡɫʥҵĺడ
һ˵Լҵ࣬һȴ͵͵á
ǧܸоǹô˵ģĿľΪǷɾ裬ǳ׷ɵʱͻͻȻ֣Ҳ˳׵ı
ٴμʶ˺ɫϻĶӣһ˫۾΢Уٴξۼȴɷ⣬ƺڴźɫϻĵ
ֹ˰ʱԾûкɫϻ
˿иϲˡ
ǧȴûκϲЩͷôƻ˶ˡֻͷʱСľžʲôһ߿
顱һľˤڵأ˲ķѣ֪Ƕôľˡ
ǧһ۵ϵľţֳſڴȥ
ֻһȻվſڴݣȴֲѪǳԵҪɱʳѪ⣡
δǧ˵ɫϻڿ˼ۣЦɫʥҵˣɾȻˣɫʥ޵׸óĸأ
䣬ɫϻĿͶϣдŶģѪЦݡ
ǧԭɢѹһ֮󣬻Ǿʾںͷοûжͨ˰
ɴ˫˫Щǹ
ν˽ϵĲյҲ
η˫һɣޱ˵δʵԲαװʲô
ɫϻԲ˫ĿЩŵ˵ҿʥްôٺ˵ҾȰԵӴ
ܶûʲô顣
ɫϻǣûôȤͨȤˣΪȫǿ־尡
Ȳ㣬÷ŵԡɫϻŤͷǧǵֻмһˣ㻹ԼѡһǺԵġ
ѡһ
ǧ˫һⲻ͸㣬ʱһ
ǽԵĳªȫչ֣ǹҲ̣ԲŻʼʩ浱ǻһˣ
ʱбҪ׷½ģʱһɱ
ǧһһԵ̱ڵأʣѡһʲô˼
ɫϻֽĿͶϣЦа񣬵ǣֻһˣ˭ҳأҪҪһ£



1480 Ҳ

ɫϻֽĿͶϣǣֻһˣ˭ҳأҪҪһ£
ʲôǧɴ˫ӶøˣôҺǷްôԵ
ȻǷޣ
ɫϻɴƸ˼֣ޣ˵һ仰ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣ֪ǻ᲻Էɣ
䣬һӣͼĺۼںöĻҾȽŮĳԵˡ
ҪңǧУҵⲻóԣĲóԡ
㣬˭ɫϻԴɫĴ۾·ܿ͸һ񣬻޶˵ջ
ǧ䶯Ŵ꣬ٴδҵóԣ
˵䣬ָΣлżڼץסʲôһģҲ˼а
εɴ˫Щŵؿǧ˵ʲô
๫ҺòãһҲʹҸԵɡǧ۾Լ·ţ㲻˵ܰڿж֤˰
ָǧʧô
ôңͰһΣòãǧ֧ӣһӾ˵ߣֻֽס䡣
ɫϻµؿţƺǰһĻΪ⡣
ޱͬ񣬴ͷȻҪԷˡ
𣿵˭ҪΪҵʳأɫϻǣٴγ
óԣǧٴָŷΣƺѾħˡ
ҧ˫ģҲ
ݵͶ룬ӲͣڷҵҶһ㡣
վһԵܳױˢۣҪ֪ǵݣΪһѾ˺ƤķޣΪ˻ǶöԷ
Ƕô˭أɫϻһ
ͬʱڣȫǺ
ҪǴģ˭˾ҵʳòãɫϻٶȿڣƻ
ͬʱȫǺ棬ôģ
ɫϻͳ̲һǩצӽǩץצУǩ˭鵽̵ģ˭ҽʳܹƽĶ԰ɣ
ģ˶һĿܣȷܹƽ
ǧͷζһۣ˫ʢţͷҲڿͣǧڷǰ濪ڵ
һļʣܲܵõľˡɫϻеĶЦҪǩɣ̫ͿҪɽˣͲˡ
ǧһתȻϲ죬ϲҹ
˼ǹǧջĿ⣬ٴΰڳһģǰǩƺõ׸ѡһ
ѡӴɫϻָָߵǸǩ
ǧһȫǺ֮ɫ̧üۣȴȫǶЦ⣬ֲ١
Ĳ𣿡ɫϻЩʧ䣬еЦɶӣǳİ
ǧСĽֱȡұߵһ
ȡµ˲䣬ĺһϣҲԭء
еǩọ̈һǩƵġǧץеǩһµǳǸ԰ɣ̵ǸҪǲǰ
ɫϻЦĿƣһ˫ӱаѪеǼֵЦȫɢɳİ
˵ǸȽϳôͲţɫϻǸȡĺܳƵġ
ǧһۣɫ˲ɷףܣô
һԵķ˲˿¶һĨٺЦݣǲǾͲˣ
ԣ㲻ɫϻĿͶǧϣаѪһʳѪ⣬Ϊóª࣬ζõˣ͸Ʒζ
ҪңҵĲóԡǧµľС
ɫϻٶԣֱӳ˹ȥ
ʱ򡭡ǧһ֮ʣǧȡѪ﷨ȣɲǼ䣬ɫĻľڣֱֱںɫϻϡ
˫ɫĵƼԾܿ춪
ϣѩǵأ̾ͽɫϻԭء
ԭͨ˾Ȼǿѹ˼ɵǳ׵ʥҲܲˣ⵽ô£
ǵʲôˣɫϻ˸ղŵĵЦֻٴУ˿иҼˣǾɭε࣬ǵĵȼҲҵʱֻҶڰ͵͵ǡ
ǧ䴽ЦˣҿղŻͦŵġ



1481 

ɫϻһѪ
Ϊ۸޸֮ͨˣ˭֪ͨ˾Ȼҡһ䣬ѹʮʥˡ
ɫϻϸϸƷζͻȻʲôһһ˫ɫ۾Բ󾪴еǹ˵ȼװϵֹˣղһ־ҲԵݳģôƻ
ǧЦһٻӳѪ﷨ںɫϻͷ˼¡
⻹꣬õͬʱڷһĨɫ棬治ţըͷϵĺëճ˽̿
ֻ׼ǲŰɱ࣬ͲǾطˣǧüѵͲƻѧԺΧͻȻռ䣬ѧǽٽвɱ˴۽硣
ɫϻ˸ֻͣϻҪˡ
Ȼ֪ռ䣡
⻹˺ö꣬ŵԳ͵Ŀռ䣬Ȼ֪
ɫϻһתһʱ֪˵ʲôãȴݺһѡ
˵װˣǧٶϵħ
ȼյʱɫϻļ̣ѾʥħʦȴֻܽëսطǺ
ţȴûбֳ
ɫϻ̧ĵؿǧȻǺܽƻʥĻ˺ҵģҾ㻹Ƿɡ
ǧüû˵
һŵĮأ
䣬һ׵绯ԲȦɫϻУɫĵӣ쵽ɫϻ£ڻıˮ²ϵڡ
ֻáɫϻڼǿĵУҡţҪǿĿƣȴҲֻͽ͡
ʱһǿĵ𣬺ͷ
ɫϻȻɴ˫ڿͷһȦĵʱһ֮ɫľ£ٴҵ˺ɫϻϡ
ǿͷϮһκɫϻҲˣ
ײϮʱ򣬺ɫϻʵܲˣ㷢һĲҽ
𡪡
ģôܣһħô˵Լ
ףǸ˾ȻҲ
׹УɫϻŤͷξȥͼվ׹⣬ͱһ׹⣬ŹӰҫţͨĵȻȥĮ޲ȴ˾ͬһѾʵ̾ܽжݺնɱ
Ǹµˣ
ŵĮѪ飡
ɫϻһ£ŷΣ¶־塣
ʥޣδǰ¶ֿ־ɫɽգòڷǿѹ֮£Įޣ࣬ȴֱҪ
˲һڹĿ־ıƽ˫ȷ
׹ɢȥɫϻû˸ղŵţѱǱ
ëѱɽ̿ΪļѪѱ׵ѪȫһһѪȥе
͡ɫϻֱһѪ
νŵϵĺɫϻû˿飬ȴһղŵĸоô
ɫϻٴѪ
ô
оĺðͱɽ̿ˡ
Ǹо̫ã˵ˡǧվڷ࣬Цŵ٩һ䣬Ҫζ
ɫϻһȻԲײпɶŮˣ
ɫϻӣ̳ĵл˵ֶŵĺòã
ǧһֻеЦƿֶţ˭ȶֶŵģѵ㻹˵ҪԵˡ
ɫϻһ٣ŵòٿڡ
ղŵȷ뽫ǳԵڲϱ¶Եĳ;˼ȫû뵽רϷģ
ֹɫϻûҲվԭء
һֱ֪κȴû뵽Ȼһ¾ܽɫϻˣոջΪһս
ΣɱɣֶֻΣˡǧЦ촽
ɫϻȻɴ˫ƺЩţɱңҿʥޣʥޡ
󣿡ǧЦҲֻǺڰĸѣɫĶǾǺϧΪʥޣǾˡ
䣬ǧοȥ
˼ٴγ֣еĵһĨϢ
ɫϻɴ˫ȫȴȫǲġ
Уʥޣʥޡ
һֵطﻹĿռ䣬ԼĿռ䡣



1482 ׷

뵽緢˷һͬھļƣҲ˼ɵһȻ֮ɫ
ҾԲҿʥޣܱССɫϻһХͼҪǵǯơ
ǧĿһɣΣסǾѡ
ٴγ֣ɫĵɼޱȵֱӽɫϻС
ɫϻޣȥѡ
ɾһ룬ɫϻϵͻȻǣŭһֱӳһʧããɳĮ֮С
ٶȺܿ죬һ㣬ƾζ׷ϲϡ
ͣ£Щյһ½űߵʯӣɶ񣬾Ȼˡ
ǧ½ŲҲ˼ֿƣոǾõʱôͱˣǶѾ¶ˣҲѾ˾裬ǻ֣
һܲɫøӲá
ʱ򣬷ηûʲô飬ȥȷǳ뿪ʱѾϷһʱ㲻ǣҲҵڵķλԲż
ǧ˫˲һ˶
ǲ͸һ
ʱɫϻܵĶǶҵ
뵽˫ͽղŵԺ
Щ֪һ⻰˼Ҳ˵ʥ޲ҲƾǶҳ
ǧ󣬵˵ͷ˼ˣҪ˾ͱԸ츳õ࣬Ǳж֮ǰҳȻкܴһʧ
Ҳ֪¹ش󣬾˿иͷǵȷӦÿжȻֻкЩѧǹצ¡
ǧŤͷΣʵΣ֪ںɫϻĶҪҪ׷ȥ
κһ˦䣬ɲһ͸Ĵ͵ͼǰͼ֮ϱעеһУľڵͼܲɽɽ˿ͷ·ۼһ
ǧǰĵͼɾϲͼϵһкͿռ˿ôģŵһô֪ĶĶɽɽأ
ƿ꣬ǳ˵ҽ˺ɫϻϣͨ۾ͼԣڲŻǰֳĻ档
ǧٴθֶܵεľˡ
Ȼͨɫϻһͼ
úɫϻ֪ǲǻ
ǧķεļ򣬵ֶ̫ˣȫȥϤһУֻҪͨ˾ܿУ
ҲΪľ̾
ʱ͸ĵͼͻȻһϸСĺ㣬͸ĵͼԵüΪҫۡ
ǧǸϸС㣬Ȼڵɫӣѵͷɫϻ𣿡
ο󣬵˵ͷȷͷɫϻǿԿԶɭָȥδͣµĺۼǸطľݵ㡣
ǧͷһ£һֱҪȥѰҺɫϻľݵ㣬Ҳûô֣±ʲôߡ
ŵͼܹ׾ҵʱעɫϻĶҲûк֮ˡ
뵽ǧеЦΪŨ˼֣ȱ׷ȥֻϻͣĶ
Ȼûģɫϻڿ϶裬жԺǾ鷳ˡ
ȻСľȥɡǧããɳĮۼɫԽԽ;Ȼȥ˵
һ˺ܿͻصСľС
СľݵѾٻֻҪ΢ҵ㹤һҲǿԵģǧóСͷſôľű㱻װˡ
֣еЦţľѾװˣҲ˯þˡ
ҲûʲôоľŻţͷɫϻʱҲ˷ˣǾǰȫġ
ڶգǧΣʵΣڻܿɫϻλ𣿡
΢䣬漴һ͸ͼٴγ֣ǸɫҲ˿ɭһطҴһֱڶûжܿľݵ㡣
Σͣõĵطܾľݵ㡣ǧƿ꣬Щ˵
Ȼе˼ʶͷӦþľݵ㣬΢ʰһ£Ȼĵȥ̽̽·˵
ǧ˫˼֣Ҳд⣡
ҲЩܽľݵ㣬
뵽Ŀڣ˾ϲѡ
ɳĮããʱ򻹴żȵϢ
ȵϢܣҲ˾÷ĲΧ˵ѩʹÿˬ˼֡



1483 ĬҲû

ܿ켸˾뿪ɳĮƬ޴ǱˮȴûκεĻ޵ľͷܱǺɫϻľݵ㡣
ٴλ˻䣬ɲǣ͸ĵͼٴ֣ǸСǶûаƶĺۼʲôİɡ
ǧˣеЦŨŵͼϵĺ㣬ЦڻûǹȥĻܽһ򾡡
϶ܡսȭͷޱ϶˼С
䣬ٴγɭȥ
ǧҲطΪϤԣһֱǰ·Ϊǲûʲôԩ·ܿɭֵ
طǧҲкöߴľϻкöӽԹӵʱͻطժ
Щӵζܲ˳˻ԡ
Ѿ֪طǺɫϻĿռ䣬ôЩӦҲǻûģǰȻˣɲҳԡ
յͼָʾĵطһֱߣһεطһľӳɽɽΪҲ֪ͨη
ǧǰɽ˫ٴһȥ
εͷ
ˣ϶Ҫȥƿ꣬˵һ䡣
֮˱뵽ɽУΪ˲úɫϻ֣ǵĽŲᣬ𶼲ҵ㣬»ᱻ˶ߡ
ɽ
һֻɫϻڲݶϣëѾ϶һѪΪ˵̫صԵʣѪôֹסڲš
𡪡ɫϻţ뵡ȥǳ
ɫөվɽУֵˣ
ɫϻ̧˵ҵȷ˵ˣܿĵӣөϣ
өʼ磬ޱǺڰʥޣҾúźܿģ
ɫϻһЦȫ˵ģһʣԣʲôȰߣȻСҽԵ
өؿһ᳤ۣѾ֪ʧˣҽȥʰһȥû᳤ȼ
ɫϻЩ˵˵ҲŲҪȥһû湻ҲûгԹôܸȥ
㻹棬ԣөһֻۣʥʵ̫ˣԵĺǱǴˣһλᱻɱ
ɫϻһ˲ըҿʥޣôᱻɱ˵˵
өָָϵ˿ڣЦϵ˿Ѿˣ׵ĺۼӦǷİɣ
ɫϻβ
һȥ᳤Ȼƺõġөƿꡣ
ɫϻüҲȥ˿ֻҪҳԵ츳õ࣬ȫƺãοҪȥ
ںڰʹˣѵгĻᣬܾԹԻȥ
㵱治һȥөĿ˲
ɫϻٴҡͷȥرִ֡
ө˵ЩʲôԶĵطһŲө΢΢һô£ɽлб𣿡
ɫϻЩãȻҡҡͷɽҵľݵ㣬ֻһôбأ
洫ĽŲô£өü˫˼֣ǲѾ֪ľݵˣ
ɫϻԲ˫͵ҡͷôܣطΣǾԲ֪ģ˵
өüжһĨ裬ǧ˰ɣ
ɫϻЦƺڳЦĴС֣ܣһֱСľУô֪ط
äĿţөһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ʱ򣬽ŲԽԽһ׶ʱ֣̾ͽɫϻС
ɫϻٴεɴ˫͸Ųš
ЩϤĵôܣôҵģ
𾪵ʱ򣬷Ѿ߽һҪһ򾡵̬
ôɫϻУеĲԡ
өվһ࣬ҲЩ𾪡
طǺɫϻרĿռ䣬ڿռߣأ
ө˫ɵˡ
Ȼǵİ취ǧṴתͷһԵө񣬵өϾȻҲڣһﻹǺڰʥˡ
ө΢û뵽һӾܽݲ³ҧҧһʱ
ǧָ⣬ЦĬҸĬûõġ
өҧɫͻ䡣
ɫϻҲԼݱ¶ˣһ£е𾪸ŨҲʥޣŲǣǱ˵˵
ǧĿͶϣЦ
һֱĬķͻȻ˵ڰʥȫɫȼףӶӣ㻹˭



1484 

ɫϻ󣬾ǲ֪η
өҲҧ˫Ҳ֪˵
˰ΣөŽǣʵǵΣ
£ɫϻ֮У޷ѣֻҪ΢һ£Щ׾ͻǵضɫϻԭˣ˿ٱ׵ϮʹòţȥǳһֻĴè
ʲôǧֵڴ䣬еЦŨҲʲô뽫ֻʥ޴ѣ̫ˣԵѧԺüѧӦΪ˸ۡ
ֹөһ£ɫϻҲŵû
ɱ
϶һӾܽնɱ
Ҫɫϻө񣬲өһȥ˵˵ֻҪɱҾŵһЩڰĺö
өüͷЩ˺öǣᱻ׹ƻأ
өϣ㲻ңөվԭûжɫϻͻȻŭˡ
өŴ꣬Щ鲻Ըʵʥ޵ĻǾΣ
ǧҡҡͷһֿ׳յĿ⿴ǣҲҪЩᱻ򣿻İɡ
վһ࣬ҲЦⶫ̣վҪնɱûκأ
өü
ɫϻϵŭɫŨλһôûУܽЩƻźҲûʲôˡ
ɫϻٴο񱩣ֱֱөķ˹ȥ
ǧҪֹѾˣɫϻѾҧөϵѪ⣬üٶȽөʳ¶ǡ
ʥޣ㡭өɴ˫ʹ࣬ҲкöĲš
ɫϻ۾ֺӣ̫ûˣҳԵ츳Եָܾ
ө˫Ŀ
ǧˣԴʵüͷ
ȻԼ˶ʳǶ
ʳ֮ϵ˿ۿüٶȻָţܿѾָ۷״̬ûǰǱʹ࣬ٴαÇNɪ
ѾָǧЩ
һӾͻָˣө츳жã
㽫өϳԵˣͲǻ᳤ǧ˵
ɫϻһЦҲŲ£ҿ䲻ʥޣẦأ
ǧЦһԡ
ܵȴΪļɵһ۷ʱڵʵͦģзڣû治֪ôˡ
䲻ĻôǴǸӣǧЦдżڽ
ɫϻ˲ըëҪʹթױˣ˿Ѿָ۷״̬;Բǵóѡ
𣿡ǧЦЦһԵķΣΣԲģˡ
ƿ꣬Ǿٽ˺ˣһΣܲġ
䣬ѾϣϵɫһĹâǹâ·ܽɽһ˲緱ǣÿǳȴִǿ˲
ɫϻһеĿ־ͬ֩һ˿
ٴΣ׵绹ôǿȸղŻҪǿ˼֡
ɫϻ㲻һα׵Χˡ
𣬺ɫϻڰͬʱһζ˱Ǽ⡣
ǧᣬ¶һĨǿζ𣬺ó
ƿ꣬΢ôѪ⣬ײУԼȻǳģ񡣡
ǧ¶һĨЦǾɱˡ
ɱۣɫϻٴһеĿ־彥δײпµ࣬գҪ
ʱǧͻȻо󱳴һȸС
ȷ·͸˺ݺݸȼˡһʹģܿ˷εע⣬šüǵʣôˣ
ǧϣװ򶨵û£õġ
ٴνüͷôܻû£ȻѪѪȶַ˰ɣƵǲԤʾѪҲ٣
ֻҪڣ;κ˺ѪҲС
ʱû˷־һѪҺǧ󴦷ɳֱֱ׵еĺɫϻȥ
顱һѪ˲ûɫϻڣԭ׵ĥҲˣ£ٴ˫ʱһ˫۾˲Ѫ졣
ȫҲ·һ棡
Ļɢȥɫϻò̾ҲҪ뿪
𡪡
ɫϻУƸղŵȴƽһĨǿۺ˵һݡ
ǧϵϣ󱳴ȸУ·Ҫȫƣܵɫϻı仯ܾе㲻



1485 ʥ޵ټ

ΣûоòԾʥ޺͸ղŲһˡǧǰ麹дż
ֽǧסһ¾͸ܵȶȡ
ָ̣ܽⶼˡ
ȻǷˡŤͷʱҲ˺ɫϻĲԾòģͷ·ֲһһ
δףɫϻٴ˻һһ׵ӳ̱ûӰֻڿһܻƵζһ˵ȶȡ
͵ɫϻʧʱ󱳴¶Ҳɢȥ˲٣ȫɢҲָ״̬
ǧź󱳣ЩŹֵؿΧһУ֣ʥôͻȻأУΧдȶȣµģ
°ͣ˼
ǲ׷ȥ𣿡ǧüۿͷĶѨѾҿһ󶴣ɫϻǴȥġ
ܶǸ󶴣Ҳе𾪣ôӳȥˣ
һʼǱŪöҲˣôͻȻһӾͱֵҰգ۱ûӰ
ʵ̫ˣ·ʲôıһ
γĬƬ̣˦֣һ޴ޱȵ͸ͼǰͼɽˮһȻɽΨǸʧˡ
ǸΪҪġ
ǧˣ˫΢΢һô£ǸôͻȻͲˣ
ο͸ͼϵһУѾ֣Ҵˡ
ǧüͷø˼֣Ҳ˵Ҳ׷ٲǼһľ巽λˣ͵Ϯ
Ѿˡƿһ϶˵
ǧ΢㶣뿪ˣ
ε಻ڿЦѾûϢңоռҲбѵĺۼ
䣬ֻ涼ǡʲôһ
ǧһһ۾ͷռѣ֩һѺۼΧϳ֣·һҪȫһ
ˣǧܲɴ˫
ʶԾǧȳ˵ãռҪˣǵþ뿪ط
ɫϻһ뿪ռòˣ
ıߣܺȻطʵ̫ǳ
û˵ȴŤͷǧȫΡ
ߣ֪·ǧƿ꣬üۼᶨ
΢һ£Ҳˣǧ˵ط꣬ȻҲ뿪طľ취ֻҪ϶ʲôΣյġ
˿طߣܿһȺصǰ
ǧǰصţֻҪŴǾܳȥ
䣬˺Ŵ򿪡
¡һصĴű򿪣һӨ͸¶ǰ
ǧ˫һЦųߡ
һȥǸռۿüٶȱ̳ʧˣǰСľݣҲſռݲڡ
ǧǰĻߣɫһ䣬Ҳʹ˼֡
ǰըΪԼҲ֮أû뵽ȻᱻռڣǱ˾֪Ҫ
뵽ǧǳЦеЦƺøŨˡ
ǰһƬߣﻹпռĴڣܼһʱ侹Щ㱣ʲôطʲôʱܻصѧԺ
ǧǰɭ֣һɭ֣뿪ɭֺܿһŵС򣬵ȵִСһֱߣܻصѧԺ
󣬲˿
ۿɫ磬׼СҼջס£ȵҲ١
СַǳΧĵطȻһȦƹĺۼȥģð̣ȥǸ˲á
һЩΧٴΧĵطੲݡ
ôö˶˵ıأºһƬѿ
пطǱʲô𣿡
һǷ׷ҡͷʱͻȻа˵Һ񿴵һֻȻͻȻϺ񻹴Ż棬һϵĻ͵ҪʱѾˡ
󣬰ٴ𾪣Ȼ棿˺òãֶ㲻þħޣҪ˵ģ
һǷ׷ҲһֽٺϲøС
ǧԺ󣬲һۣ֮Ҳ˼ͷ·Ѿ֪Ȼﵽʲôˡ
˿ߵǰʵλ̨Ǹո˵ʲôɫȻǲһֻϻһֳªļһ
ǰտһۣͷûûеϻܵĿɿˣһӾʧǰźܲǵӡ



1486 ʥ

ǧӲһתֵǲǻһȦһĶǺŨңȴܿ
̵ͷԶԶԣԲܵȼΧЩ
ǧ°͡
ɫϻЩ仯Ǳڵвģǻϵԣôܻӵлϵħ
ɱأ
ǶֻȻܸȤ̲סѯʣǻˣС˺
ǧǳ˵ǸӶӶȥħ޸Ȥ̲ס˼䡣
ԭӶֲɱ֮
ЩԺҲͰ˲٣ǵСʱҲдӶӶǶţԲǡ
Сվһڽӭ˽ȥһ֪õĿջĶ
˽ȥԺ󣬱ܿѰ˼ջסˡ
ڰܲ
ɫϻһ·ͣܿص˺ڰᡣ
ʵ̫ΣգҪͻȻؾѪڣֻѾЩˣᰲȫص
ɫϻⲽÿһһƻ£ֿڵȼգþò
ڰĳԱϲһĨϲȥ᳤֪ͨ˵ʥѾˣ
ԱѾǰȥ档
ʣµЩ˺ܿںɫϻǰһϵӭʥ޻ؼңҵȵȺʥ޶ʱˣʥɰãҪҪȻȥϢ
ɫϻŹڵϵˣİŴֱӵڵŨǳҲҪҸйڲС
һϵĻ漴䣬䡱һҵйһֱֱϵӶȥ֮󣬻Ʊü̾ͽЩУұĻ·Ҫһɽ̿
ܵȶȣЩ΢΢һȻɴ˫еʥ޴˷ŹǣЩȣҪˡ
ʥޣˡǰɡ

ɫϻǱյˣҲ΢һ¡
ӳûκεĻԣΪһξѪں֮ģ֡
ɫϻô벻ͨ뽫ߣȴЩǿ·ҵһйڣһ˲üΪͺñʳ츳֮һ
΢΢ӣҲû˽ߵͷȼհɣֲ
˲ãЩԶɢеЩͱ˽̿״ңȥǳ
˾ʱ򣬿ıĳһսĺɫʬأžһ޳
۾һУʲô
ɫϻ˾ȥ޿ֵԭǵĻ᳤˰Ҿǿǲ˳ۣһѻյ𣿡
˾üͷһյЩɶǺڰĳԱԱ֮䲻ɱˣ
ɫϻ򴽰꣬ΪӵЩûõ˶ѣյ˾յˣﻹôأ
˾üһ˲ܾе㲻ԾøײѪˡ
ɫϻⲽţϵĻҫȴ̼Ϩˡ
˾һȻҫĻ棬ôܡͲǻϵԵġ
ʵ̫ˣȸԭί˵ɴ˿̣ûпөӰһ˵ө񶨻ǰ档
£ʧȥӰһ㡣
˾˫һʱ侹йɲţө
ɫϻԺЩŵ˵өϰҳԵˡ
˾Ȼɴ۾Щŵ˵ʲô㾹ȻөԵˣǺڰĳϣὨ벻
ΣҶ˾ͽԵˡɫϻں˵өϵ⣬Ҳָܻӳ찡Ȼڰʥ޾ҪûˣҲûˡ
˾ҧ˫İһͳĳҲʲôɣ֮˶ܻɱұҪء
䣬˾Ҳյ͸ü֮Ⱦź𺣬һѼʵ˺Ȼ
ɫϻˣ΢΢һ㶣ҲһĨ⡣
ʥޣʵҲû˾˾Ī⣬ʵ˼ɵ
᳤лú˵ܲȽ£ɫϻǱ֣ڻЩֺá
˾ˣȴûκɶ˼֡
һһ޶ϵʱܲҡһ£ʱҪĸоһ˲á顱ڶɲ磬ۼ
˾һһʽˮžþòɱŪúɫϻ޴ӣܿǱ˼֡
Ҫʤ׷ʱ򣬺ɫϻͻȻͣԭأһ˫ɫ۾ʱѪ죬һƾһ㡣



1487 һƲл

Ҳк̽ܲ
˾˱仯һʶ˼
ɫϻ˾ЦüΪ죬Ѿ滻һֲͬΥ͸ֱֱӳ˾С
üŭɫ㲻ǵʥޣ㵽ʲô
䣬˾ٴαþ˼֣һ˫Ҳǳ˾
ľ裬ɫϻ·Ӱ죬һԾⲽţľֹźǰĴȫͬȹһڿ˵ǺڰĻ᳤𣿡
˾ͷ
Ǻǡɫϻ͵һЦϤȴǲͬģܸ˼᳤ǿУǧǰѪ
һ˾ɴ˫ЩѪ
ɫϻٴһЦֹ󣬲ƷûҾѪֻѪµѪ㲻ҲҺܺ𣿡
˾΢٣ȷѪܸȤȤܽѪסΪԼãӵԼʶ˼룬ͻأسԼǰҲ֪ʲô
ҵȷеȤ˾ƿ꣬㲻ѾΪλʥ޵ڣ
ûһֱѪѪšɫϻһתЦݺ˼֣һ᳤㲻Ҳ֪ѪĴ˵ͻȻ˵Ѿ̫ûò˰
˾Ц𣬺󣬡һһ˵ѪѪδΪѪôͻȻˣ
ɫϻĿ⣬ٴֻۣҵһƲлѣ廹ѪѪڣֻұܳƼٴν٣
˾Ц
ɫϻŲ΢٣ֵʵģ㽫л긽ʥϣ뿴磬᳤㡣
ң˾һ䣬̣ΪҪң
ɫϻţĳţĨȣľ֪飬Ҳ֪ѪѪͳ½ǣǸѪѪ̫̫Լ뷨ˣҪס̫鷳磬ϰͳ½Σ
˾󣬲ûеһʱͱƻѵ˵ͳΣҲֻһƲлѣôͳΣ
ɫϻһתֵΣ
˾
ɫϻ˵취콫ҵı廽ѣ³֮ұͳ½˵Σ
ʽǼΪ˵ģҲнѪﱾŪѵͷ
ϾǻǧѪȻǽƻģһ³ᷴڡ˾һЦδȴһƹ⻪š
ɫϻһתܿ콫ı龡۵ף˫ֵǲҽ𣿡
˾󣬲ҡҡͷҲûǸ˼е㺦¡
㺦ʲôɫϻƿꡣ
ôҺᷴڰ˾ֵڴ䣬ЦÿֻһͨѣܶԸǧѪǲҵ㱣ϵĻǲҸġ
ҿȥͱ˺ɫϻ̧ۣЦһ
ǣһ˭ܶԿǣ˾ٴιɤƮƮȴż˲ݾܾĿǣֻܶԿǧΣ˶С
ȻҲ֪һЩȻҲòл
ټǧֽڴ֮ҲûзˣҪҲ֪Ҫ£ܲõɡ
ҪΣɫϻ䡣
˾ƿ꣬޾ɫֻҪһ㱣϶ѡ
룬ֳһ뾫Ѫ뵽˾УһƾѪܿںѪС
˾еı仯üͷһ壬ղŵʲô
ҵһ뾫ѪɫϻԹҸղھѪԼֻҪǼ£ұͳһ½ǸʳԾұʧãã֮䡣
˾ܵһ£ȷܸܵԼĴڣܰĶˡ
ǾǺ졣
ɫϻЦˣЦаǳ
찡᳤ɫϻƿ꣬졣
˾ɫüȴûбֳʲô
ɫϻⲽûһҪߵ˼
˾΢䣬㲻뿪𣿡
δƿЦ˵Ȼ뿪Ҫ¼ල㣬ҸṩйѪѪ鱨ܿЩŪҲܿЩ½ͦõ𣿡
˾һתҲò
δ˵ЦЦĿ⿴źɫϻ
ɫϻֵиƻ㾡õ½ҪҪҵģͿԼˡ
˾ָһеĿ⿴ɫϻʵʲô취
ɫϻٺһЦŽԼļƻ˵


1488 Դͷʲô

ջ֮УǧͷȻһһ˲ЩקԼƣأ˿ŶеܡֱḧţʵôˣΪαһӱˣʲô𣿡ǧҡͷڷеĿ£Ŵֻ꣬ܿ˵ͻȻЩʥͻȻܵʱҾָоˣͷ·ĳֶһرܡץС֣Ŀ࣬µģΪڡŵģ̌˲¶һĨЦ⣬֪ǳĴʦ϶ᱣ֤ҵİȫġЦͷšʱҡҷյͨ͸˲ɢ¾֮Сǧסε֣ڿռʱҺ󱳴һȸðʥ޾ֵҰһգѣ֮᲻ʲôָ΢䣬ʱҾÿеϵǧ˫ֳͷ˫˲ú嫣벻м䵽кιɻġһǿ˵ڿռʱҺһƶһɢˣ꼻һ֡ǧۣʱյȫû֡ֵǵеԵеȣܾǵıʥ޵ġǧ΢΢һԴͷʲôҡͷ֪һ±Ϣ鲻Դͷǧ΢΢̾Ϣ·ͶˣرĲܣٴץԼָ⣬Ŀ΢ʲôԴͷֻҪһ𣬾һܶԸδⲻǵģֻҪһ𡣡գ˱뿪С򣬳Ĵ½߾ŹĸʱŻصѧԺѾ뿪գѧԺ֮з·ҲһƬѧǶɫϻŻˣҲɭֱǧǻЩѧŽеľȥüΪĿ⿴ǣС㣬ѾǹЩʧ˻𣬱Ȼ𣿡ѧǶ¼ΪעһӾšǧǵԺ󣬱ǳЦ˵ǷģֻѾǸˣҲˣЩʧˡѾʳûܾȻѧ΢Щźܿͻָ˹ǵûȻûȻɣǹʵ̫ˣܹߣƽѾǳǳˡѧǵ̬ãǧٴιЦʱȾѾѧԺ߳ǧһֱŵҲ£¹ȻЦݣӭȥڻˣôֻˣûˣȾٴ˿ȻûɱѾߣҲˡǧüƶ˵šȾһ˲ˣͻȻüͷкöѧҲ˵ʲôֻҸʱ˵ɡվһѧɢȥˣȾտĴͿʵǵʵӦܽǹɱôᱻѣǲǷʲôǧգգ۾Ⱦⶼܲ³Ц˵Ⱦ廹ǴȻһӾͲ³Ǳ߳˵⡣Ⱦüʲô⣿ǧοһۣƽ㽫ĿջأҲһȫ˵˵üȴ͸¶һɱΣζȾüͷͻȻƣɫϻͻȻѣһеƺûô򵥡ܣѪѪйأȾȭͷǳǶͺˣǶѪѪо֮󶨻뷨ģ¾ֻǼˣҲֻվԭϹ¡Ⱦ°ͣ뵽ǵʱɫ䣬˼֣һУǸȨȾŭģ̌һۣ̾˿ȰοȾʥ޵еʱԸȨԲɵġȾ΢㶣뵽ȨǷǵ飬ЦһзһİĹ󣬺ܿȴֹƽǧģһ򣬲δ˵Ⱦ΢Ƭֵ̣һȻǹˣȴûгɹ˾ȳҾȨͻȻڡڣǧ˫˲˼֣ǷڣҾа취ϣʱԿжӲˡȾͻȻЦù⻪ãһָоȨĸҷڵĻֻ»ĺܲҡڴĸְ취ȾĴָͻȻ²


1489 ѧԺ

ǧһ⻪
ǧͷڴдһصС
ԺУϲֺҹȺˣ쳤ŲӣһԺűƿЦӭȥǷϲ־һֻ̾ͽǧ˫ȱסЦףˣǺþð
ǧֽϲֱЦȾˣ
ϲͷϸŴǰǰѾüˣǶѶԸ𣿡
ǧϣ΢еѶԸҪǿǣͦģҪܿעӲж
ϲգԲĴ۾ɱ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷûˡ
ϲֲסͣô𣿾ȻڵƤӵܣǴ󵨣
ǧʼ磬ϸϸЦе󵨣Ƥӵ³ء
ϲٴεɴ˫Ȼô󵨣ǹ𣿵ԺץһҪÿ
ǧЦŵͷ϶ù
ϲ󣬼ΪصͷЦҲӲ˼֣׶ð
ͯͯǧͷһЦһ˲ɢҲΧȾļã˲ԽУҲ᲻
ԴӹﱻߵϢѧԺѧ˲ÿ˼֣Թ˼գɭûʲô춯ͷĴȥˣһ˲ԭɭٴα
Ⱦɭֿٴο㽫ؾرգѾͷѧ˲䰧ǽ뵽һѵĹؿУȻûܳأѾƵİ취ˣؾѾرգٴοҲúþ֮˷ǳĲʹ졣
Ⱦѧǰϣ˵µдʱмĽҾٴοؾʮ졣
һѧ˲件
ԺӢ
Ժ䣡
Ժ̫˧̫˧ˣ˵ѧԺûĸֻڽѧԺʱͼаıȥʲôˣֱӽЩ츳ĶһߣЩ츳õģһֱͱ
Ⱦڰ֣ЦɣǣǣֻҪǵľ㹻ˡ
ѧٴλ
ûãµдٴչ
һΣΪɭֹĹϵؾǰſʮգѧҲԵĽԣȫԱõƷ
Щһó˴Ѳѡ
ټؾҪʮգ˲佫ѧǸַ˱ʱѧԺɧ
£ܿʹ˶ѧԺĶ
ֻչдˣнܵõƷȥؾʮ졣
ԱǷѧԺĺöˣЩ츳ģԴӽѧԺԺ󣬸ûõκԴֻһȺܵĻɫѡ
ǣÿ¶ܵõһԴ۲
˼ѧԺôãѧԺʲô
Щ츳õܵõԴЩʲôò
ǰտʼ˵ͦãֻҪǽѧԺܵõöԴô£ˣ
֪ǸҪѧԺѧĻǿ϶ܵõƷ
ѧੲݣȫǰûڡ
ų·ǵĻԺҲȭͷüͷ
ʵҲˣѧԺӲûôãˣȻÿܵõһЩԴЩԴʵ̫ˣ΢һþûˣûȡ
ЩӣĵȼȻûߣһֱԭ̤ߣѧԺЩ츳ģҪ׷ˡ
ûдѧԺĻڶǡ
ȻôϲѧԺǾѧȥųθЦ
䲻ųЦѧǲһŤͷųοȥʱЩˬ졣
ųΣʲô˼ǲ˵ѧԺôǣ˼𣿡
ǣѧԺҲͦģ鲻þȥҪϣ
ųΣǲǸղŵĻ˵ĿȥˣҲ÷ѧԺãԲŻա
ųһЩҵεͦģҲûա
ѧһĿΪĹŹ˼֡
ͦȻܵõȴ࣬ĵȼѾֹܾͣˣЩҲûһ˵úܲ
˵ѧԺ˽ɿ죬Ѿģڶˣÿ¶ܵõƷȥؾȥ
ųҧҲøˡ
Ǳ˵˵˵ﲻǺܲ˵ͲȥԺ



1490 ʲôأ

ѧֻĺãñ꣬ðС棬ǰͲġ
ѧһЦһ仰û˵ת뿪
ų뿪ıӰһȭôϡ
顱ɲҶ׷£̽
ųοŵϵҶӲ˳
˿̣ĺѧԺѾѧˣٻȥĻȾ϶Ҫʱ߲ᣬҲΪˡ
У
Բ
츳ãı߶ܷⷢȣټϰѾˣҲܵõԴҲܱøá
֮ͨ󣬶ų̧˾߰Ŀȸһ㡣
Ҫת뿪ʱȴܣҲ֪ʱģںվ˶á
ųƿ꣬Щʹʣܣʲô
ܿɫɵĮǺ𣿺ڼѧԺ
ųһ٣һʱ˫Ǻȴδ˵
ۣ΢ٴδѧԺĸûãҲûҲòٽô˵ڵİɣ
ųüЦһҲһǺˣ϶ҲںڣǶһ
ޱؿϲҲŭͷ·˿һ룬˰Σܲƿ˵ѹ㣬ﲢûãִҪһʼѡġ
ѵûѡ񣿡ųۣڽ
ü۵ʹһʱδ˵
һ뿪翷ǳʱʧһ㡣
ѡ
ųζ뿪ıӰܾЩԾɾﲻԾҲ˵һȻ
ʧǵػصУ˾ܵʲôشһʱȥ·ʱᵹȥһ
ϣӵнرסԼӣȥرֹ¶
ʱܺ˵ҵˡȻɴ˫ͷһ˫۾Ҳʧȥ˽ࡣ
ѧԺ
ǧͷһֱУȻؾŵӣǾؾҲûʲôѶȣûȥˡ
ǾУȺȲ죬жпˡ
·ߵȾУЦ˵ǻУ˶ڷǵãȻȲ졣
ȾǧЦ̧ͬʱҲʵһ£Բ԰Ⱦ壿
ȾִϵĲ豭һµࡣ
ǧЦ㲻
Ⱦÿ£׼һȺȲ裬˵˵
ˣ⼸īȥ׻½ˣ˵ҪȥǱ㶫Ⱦü˵һ䡣
ǧ΢΢۾ҪʲôҪصȥ׻½
һЩĶȾ˵һ䡣
˵ңǧüͷһڵǸ𣿡
ȾһҲ˵ͷǵġ
˵ܣǧͻȻѧɣȥޱģʲô鶼̫⣬ɻͦ壬Ҳ֮ģ㱻ƻ˰кѧ˸档
ǧ򴽽ǣЩʣȾ壬֪֪ѧɵʲôȥַҾͦ壬˻㱻˹ƻ󣿡
Ⱦ΢΢һ㶣һƿ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôѧѧԺôãִҪȥ
ǧգգ۾ȾҲͷ
ǰȾһ̸ܵʱɫҲѿ˼֣˾˰ɣպٻҿ϶յġ
ǧЩɵգգ۾ҾȾͦİ
Ⱦɫٴһ䣬˭˵ģ
ǧٺһЦ㲻
ȾĬĬͷҲ˵
ʱīһ·糾͵ĴӰ׻½ϻ
ȥ׻½ǵĶĺã׻½һֱʢ¯ģҵλʵһֱϲҩȴûõ¯ȥĿıȥ¯
õ¯󣬵ƵȴֲļƷֻ㲻ϵƷ
һֻ¯ǧңֻҪûʵϲЩһȥҲֵõġ
īˣǧ̲סѯʣī裬ȥˣʲôҪصȥ׻½
īܻ䣬ֱӽ򵽵¯ȡȥһֻ¯īԾϲҩȴûгֵ¯óô˻ˡ
ī
ǧ𣬾λͦСĻӣĻ֮žȻˡ
ڻôϲҩǧһʣʲôҩƷΰ
īһһش𣬡ùĻ񵤶ˣƷȴʮңǺܸߡ



1491 

ѾܺˣǧЦ˵ʱնܳΪҩʦ
īһЦļˡ
γī迴һۣ˲
ȾЦЦؿ˷һֽۣĿͶīϣԴٴЦ𣬿ȥرǷᡣ
īűӣתƻˣȥͻȻһЩԾĵطλģȥزһ
ǧüˣǻģʲôԾģ
ûԲ֣ҿˣ;ú֣ù졣ī뵽ҿһУһӣλɫ԰ףȫɫûһߵĹǼһһۿȥ˾òʲôˣǻῪڣǻԷʲôġ
ߵĹǼܣ
ǧ뵽Ǹ棬һӣֲͦġ
ûۿҲʲôۣ̫˰ɣŻῴȥ˿£졭
ī̿ˮҵʱҲôοԼģǡͻȻ˺Щ¯ҹ˳ȥҲ֪ҪηµĵҲûǼãҪõô¯
ߣ¯Ҳôˣõôࣿ
̫ˣ
ǧüʶοȥôо·еϤأ
¯
ҩ
˾ǵҩǰƼ棬ƼЩ˾˺Щҩְѵҩ䵽Уȴźڰȡ
ô¯Ҳ붵۸ڰɣ
δȥңҲûмҵˣ¶ֻۣŴװһ֪ģ
ȥȷЩ죬Ҳֻǹѡǧƿ꣬㻺˵ţĳҩʦǰС¯أ
ī󣬵Ǿ˵ͦģʶͷȴǾе㲻ԣ˵ȷܺһǾе㲻ԾǶ۸ҩʦᣬҲôذɣ
ǧЦһ£һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
Ƕ˵īһ̾㲻˵ҵˣ˵һа׻½Ȥţȥͦ˼ġ
ǧĦϵĲյȴҵ顣
ôС¯صģй
ֻǲ²⣬һ˵ܻɿֻʲôģ˰ɡ
֪ʲôֱ֣һ¡
ָܵϵȶȣǧһۣǲһĨЦݣǳǳģÿƲĿ⡣
˵һЩȤţǧͷξʱˣŻصȥɾ͵תʱ򣬱ѧǵڶ
ҸղſһǼһݰͰ͵ˣѧԺȥˡ
ҲˣƤò԰ףݵû⣬ȥ֣̫ˡ
˵Ǹ˺ҼҲܵĸף
һѧǱŻˡ
ʲô
ǸߵĹǼܾȻܵĸף
ôô¡ôܻܵĸףһ㶼񰡡
ܵĸףǱƭҰ
˭Ҫƭ㰡м٣
ȫܳôÿĸס
̫ˣ˵ҲΪѧǵǧͷβͣ½ŲȾīҲ΢΢ס
ǸղŻ˵ҵ飬û뵽һҼȻѧԺˣɺҲʵ̫˰ɡ
ǧ䣬ЩѧȥҸղ˵ʲôܵĸѧԺˣ
ǧѧǷ׷ŤͷЦ˵ǵС㣬ǸղŵȷˣܵĸףȥѧԺΪܰɡ
ǧתֵǸղ˵λúֲܿ
ѧǶһۣͷǵģĳµģС㣬ǿĻ϶Ҳһסġ
ǧգգ۾ȴǲ
ѧƿ꣬ߴߴ˵š
治ƭˣģоɭмħ޻Ҫ¡
ĺȻܵĸףֱ°
ǧһתЩҪȥλˣǷ˵ôֲ¡
ѧ˵һ󣬱̧뿪ȴԾЩëëģʵֲֻ̫һֻۣجεĸо
ѧһߣǧ˫һƳ˲ٵζƿ꣬Цոī軹˵飬û뵽ȻѧԺˣһԵ֣
īЦŷվо̫Եˣ˾е̿֡
ǧеɫÿҪҪҪȥνǲ紫·ǳ



1492 µĵҩ

ī迴Ŀ£Ҫȥ
ȥ𣿡ǧŤͷΡ
μ棬ȻǴӦˣȥ
ǧһЦøΪˣھȥ
ٴεͷ
ҪȥȾҲͻȻеˣӵվЦҪȥҲһȥɣҲһ棬ۡ
ǧǾһȥɣ˶Ҳһ㡣
īǶҪȥҲͲסˣȥƣҲһȥô˶ȥҿɲһˡ
ǧЦ
γȥƻһɫܿɢȥˡ
ī軹ǿһţԼıӣһʱ㲻˵ˡ
֮һϯ˱ƺƵѧԺķȥʱѧԺûˣɽ˾ͶѧΧмĺܺλһѧԺ߳
ɫ뵡ȥ˫ûʲô࣬ƣӡ
ī˵һɫ԰ףɫĺȦ˫ϵȫȥľһߵĹǼܣȥ·ǳ
ǧһۣʶī迴ȥȻ˵һͺһߵĹǼܣһֻÿ£ɿֹܾ֮ûôһ
īͷҲָоʱۣԼŻ
ǧЦЦŤͷȥΣΣô
üһĿܣһ˵ȷʵֹУȷǻˣʲôˡ
ǧǲһ£ӾȻǻˣ
˵һҲΪ֣ɷѾ˵ǻˣǾͿ϶ǻˣֻĻʵ̫죬л᲻ʲôè壿
ǧɻʱȾüһСֹ⻹ǻˣлҪ£񻰱ħ֡
ǧһֱͬصͷֱ̫ˣ˾ȻܵĸӣܵҲ֣ں޽࣬һƣӣǼ׺𣿡
һ˷׷˳Ĭһʱ˵һȻ
Ǳ˵Щʲôܵı黹ƣԵӦ˼ͽĿƿ
ȴͷܼģһ£ɫƿ鿴ȥرȻԸⱻһ
û⣬Ц˼󣬱ת뿪ˡ
ܿ뿪ıӰĸӣ˽Ե¼ţȫ綼һ
ǧüͷٴν壬ⲻԾɣȥҲͦõģôֳܱ̬ģ
¼ţ
ô붼Ծɡ˫δ˵
ȾīҲ˲Ծī°ͣС²ѵܺ׵ĹϵǺܺã
ǧĦ°ͣ˵ҲֻֽˣһǾ飬ֻǲ֪ѡ
īʶͷ
ȾҲĦ°ͣϵӦҲûôðɣǰѧԺʱҳԼĸףҲЦ⣬ȥͦ׽İ
ǧԾһ£Ǻ׽İһ㣬ĳ񡣡
ȾһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ʱѾѧǽ뵽ѧԺУӰɹ¼ţܿҲͿˡ
ܵӰʧǧĿջأ˵ȻѾҪģȻѧԺȥɡ
󣬲ͷܿתȥˡ
ҵСܿ͸һˣǧҲܿ콫
صԺͼʼԴϵħﵽʥԺٶȾϾôҲǲôʹﵽġ
ԣŬС
ǧڿռһһЩҩŴӿռ߳
ƵĵҩƷҲԽԽˣҲԽԽ࣬һ¯ȻʮţֱһķԾ
ǧǳ˵ؽҩһСƿУĻܹӦӵĵҩҲ͸࣬׬ýҲԽԽࡣ
뵽ǧø⼤һСϴŷɫʣʱ淢һʧѾãЧȴõĵҩ
Ƴɹ϶˷
ǧЩžᣬзһ˿˿Ц⡣
ڿʲôһˮЦˣ̲סѯʡ
ǧױһ̯ǰΣҸոھϷһʧѾõĵҩֵҩаٶֵöҩԺܹٶ֣һʱʱ䵽֮ͻָԭ״̬ûκθá



1493 ٶֵ

ȥֻһʱɼܲסҩЧð
һʱʲôо綾ħޣֻҪ°ٶֵܳôʱħնɱһʱСʱСʱܹþŤתü˰ɣ
Ŀȴ˾ϡ
ٶֵȷǸöƳĻض˷
ôβ˵ǧСԴٴѯʡ
һּõĵҩƿ꣬ŵ漴бϼŶ°빦ƳȥҲĵһõļ۸񡣡
⻰ǧЦøӿˣƿ꣬ɤãҲô룬ֵҩƳ϶ϴ赤һһգҶЩȲˡ
ٴοᣬʧѾõĵҩƺܷҩʦȼΪ̣ҪƳضҪЩʱգļѳɡ
ƿֵ꣬Ҫļͺá
ǧȻ֪ڵʲôЦŰõģзִ磬Ƶҩôټһƹϴ赤εİٶֵ϶ҲƳġ
󣬴ٴһȻġ
ȥƼſǧЩ˷ܵش֣С¯ȡҽҪõҩҲȫȡ
Ҫõĵҩкܶ࣬Ҫʮְɡ
ռҩݵֻ࣬ҪͼеģռﶼУкö򲻵ȴҩݡ
ԣʧܶٴΣΪҩݶ
뵽Σǧ˶˷ҩݣϵħɲǣɫĻڶ𣬽ҲһĨΪů͵¶ȡ
С¯ײƵĺʱǧҩһԶС¯УһɲǾͱɣڵ¯вͣ
ʮҩݴҲǺܷģḻֽҲ죬ûκεĴ
ȻδʼҩѾǰˡ
ڲͣŵ¯ǧҲӳһŻ⡣
ҫۣ˫ӳĵøÿСŮһ
һ߿ţܰδȥ
ǧȻ֪εӣԺܰĵһƣŹһʱһҩζݿ
ǺŨȴһӾŵ΢΢һ㶣ĿΪרע
ûһҩζȻһ䣬ȻһζĽζŨͻȻ
΢΢һ㶣ˣ
ǧҲʶ˲Ծߣһɲǽζƺ˼֣ҧٽ¯򿪡
һɲǣ̱ǵĽζǧһţûǺȿȿȡ
һƽͷ¯ڵĶһ˲ͱĴһ¡
¯ڱɺһƬƵĶȫˣֱӳһѺɫңһƵҩʱһȫҲѾþûгʧܵζˡ
ǧ°ͣЩյ˵ѾþûгʧܵζˣһҩҲŻ壬˳ޱȣɽ졭оһҩһ
ǰǧļͷʧѾõĵҩͺƣѾܲˣʧѰҾ飬Ϳ϶ɹ
ιǧĸɾ
ǧսȭͷɷ˵òʧܾǳɹ֮ĸ
䣬¸߰ȥƵҩˡ
̿࣬εҡҡͷȴų磬·һӾ˳С
һ¯һ¯ʧʧʧܣҩҲ˷˺ö࡭ǧЩյسԴԭҲʱһЩôأǰվϵĲƵİΪʲôûһγɹأ
ԼĴ꣬ϵĿҲŨ˼֡
Σ˵ôǧƿֹ꣬ҵĲȫԣôƳһѺɫң
β̫ҩȴǺ˵Ҳ̫ҩ֪ҩʱǺҪģҿ˵εİٶֵԻ⿴أԣӦòǰǰưɣӦҪһЩ
ǧס
ֿһ۾ᣬְٶֵȷԻİѿغϸвͻһѺɫңղŵսŰܣҲΪĹϵɡ
ǧ˫һ̾ͷ·Ȼһ㣬ҲһɣΣҵĸǣһﾪ˰
һЦǰ״Ϊˣܰﵽͺá
ǧû˵Ȳȥҩˣһ·ʲôӦƳİɡ
˼ҴҵģʧЦһҡҡͷ
Ȼôϲҩһһ붼÷Ź



1494 

ƿ̲꣬סҩҲһʱȺúϢһ¡
ǧûһڷٴҩݡ
ٴһЦһҲ˵ˡ
һΣǧӴ˻ͬղһûãһҩζɽģǹζٴɢȡ֮һս˵ζ
ǣֿˣ
ǧһ飬˿ûϵӴУǾͼٻͲˣƲٶֵ
泷ߣǧٴηɿشҩμͬƴһļƣٴʧЦ
ƽ侲ģû뵽һҩȻˡ΢΢̾Ϣһ㲻
һΣǧõС𣬻Źһʱһҩζ۾ȴҲҴ⣬Сŵ¯
ֹ˴Űʱҩζһֱڳţδŵսζ
ǧ˫һ֮кһĨϲɫζôţѵǳˣ
ҩζ˺þãֱ泷ζûʧԽԽˣҲˬ
ǧûеһʱ佫¯򿪣ǾţΪ
򿪿οЦѯʡ
ǧЦ˵ζ̫ˣҾٶż£ŻὫ¯򿪡
㺢ιһЦüҲ΢΢һ䣬ҩζŨأҩȻǱƳˡ
ǧ󣬴ٴҲΪҲÿ϶Ƴˣҽ¯򿪿
䣬һǽ¯򿪡
һɲǣҩζǵضֱӿǵı䣬һӵԣǳŨҲǳĺš
ǧһкȻ˼־ϲ
ˣĳˣ
¯֮кȻŰٶֵȫ¶ǺɫģһӵظУȥҲرĸߴϣǷƷ
ǧҩȡУϲĽ˵ʧѾõĵҩƳˡ
ɫĵҩڹɢĹ󣬿ȥ־Ө͸һ˲ƲĿ⡣
ƿ꣬ȴΪ߽׵ҩƷھʮϣ
ĿޣǧЦNɪֻǿϧƳֻţѰҩʮš
񿴵еŵҩָոŵĴ
ţ᲻еأǧԴЩյ˵
󣬾ЩЦãŻ
ǿʧѾõĵҩ˹Ƹʮ궼һƵĳ˶̶̰ʱ䣬Ƴһ¯ţս㹻ۺˣο˵Ļͨҩһ¯ҲһŵӰɡ
ʮţǱ˵ļʮ
ḧԴЦŸոƾƳţѾܺˣϾʧѾõĵҩⵤҩЧܺãؼʱ̸Ťתơ
ǧüһһ¾ͱÇNɪûãҪ츳Ƚϲɡ
䣬ǧеĵҩϰţɫĵҩÿҩζҲرŨһָϾͱȾһŨζ
Ҳ֪ⶫ٣ǽȥ᳡ƣǧƿ꣬дá
εʲôˡ
ǧҩһСƿУ뻹Ǿе٣¯׼ƼţȻһܺҲó
μԣȴӣʧЦҡҡͷ
ֹ˼ʱǧƺ˼¯ҩĿҰɣ㹻ˣܸԼš
ǧϲ̵ؽĿŵҩպãֽԼŵҩڿռС
ƺˣƿ꣬һ䡣
ǧеСƿӣЦƺˣһţ׼Ŀ˵Ҳ֪½ϵʶʶ
Ȼʶġƿ꣬źڶ𣬡ٶֵͼеģֻʧ˶ѣǳֶʶ֮ˡ
ǧ˿Ǳá
ٴһЦ
ģ̌һ۾Ϳɫ˼֣һΣƿɫѾô˰ǲӦʰһ£Ȼȥ᳡
εá
αװһ£ʹҡȥ᳡
ҹ᳡Уǧ˲ͱոȾˣǰޱȵ᳡ڷ·ǳޱȡ
ȥ֮ǧһΪŤͷһ˺öˣƽֻкöԣŻˡ
ǽյĴʵͨȥ֮ʲô᳡Ĺ¶ûע⵽ǣֻһվӭЩ͡



1495 һ

ǧüܾ᳡е㲻̫áҲûżߣŷξԭ㿴š
ʱ²ע⵽ǣּǳͨҲͨ߹ȥûλҪģ
ܲã°̧ߣ۾һбֹۿ˵͵ζ
ǧ۾˫˲˼֡
üͬú䡣
ƺûе⣬˫ֻվһ࣬ƺڿЦҲ֣
ֻ¶ûҰɣ
ġǧ˲ƽЦЦ
´ǣеóʲôö
Ҫҩǧƿ꣬ٴ˵һСƿȡһЩⵤҩ㿴ܷܲ
ҩ
µҲóõĵҩ
ҲֻƼҵĵҩõļǮɡˣм¿ӣĵҩƼҵĻҪá
ôһ룬ǰСƿӸˡ
ĵؽƿӴ򿪣˲һҩζͦŵġĿźĵҩȥͦԲҲйɢ⵽ʲôҩûм
ֺĵҩҲⲻǺŪ
ºЦһɫ˲£ֺҩҲóۣΪ᳡Ҫ
ǧһ㶡
ΪֻҪóٶֵ˾ͻᱻžžž˭֪ʵ֪֪ٶֵΪʲô
ǧЦˣʶοȥ
˵ٶֵͼҲôӣ
ӴĿ⣬ʧЦһһʱҲ֪˵ЩʲôȻ֪Ӱɡ㵱治֪ⵤҩʲôǧüɤ䵭
üڳһ˭֪ʲôҩģһ֪ʲôöȥȥȥǸϽߣȻҽˡ
ǧЩʼ磬Σ˻֪֪˵еİٶֵ治֪˵ʲôˡ
Ǿͱ˵ˡƿ꣬䵭ĮöȻʶˣƺûˡ
Ҳԣ߰ɡǧЩźҡҡͷⵤҩ˵ķҲ᳡롣
λ£ǷĻᣬҲ֪֪ЩҩļΪ󣬻᲻ǳأ
ߣһֱੲ˵ʲôûٲߣҾĽˡ
ǧСƿȥŷת뿪
뿪֮ǹҩζ᳡ţšʱ᳡Ļ᳤¥һӱŵǹŨҩζֻһű˻ܣˬѡ
Ǽõĵҩ
£Ϊλ᳡һôŨҩζղʲô𣿡ٴᣬ˲䱻ζˡ
ᣬȷŵһɻҩζüЩм˵᳤ղŵȷҩǣЩҩģһɫҾֱӽ˸ˣȻΪ᳡ǺúŪġ
᳡Ļ᳤üͷƺе㲻š
ôŵζȻûпЩҩҲܲ³һЩⵤҩĵȼƷʿ϶͡
нϣƷҲ϶ڰʮʮϣĵҩ
۾ɫʱ£ζ
һ£᳤ҿˣģǴδĵҩһ֪ʲôûɫ
ɫĵҩ
᳤΢΢üɫĵҩȷûмͳζ϶
˵ʲô𣿡᳤üš
Իһ£ǸŮ˵ⵤҩʲôٶֵҿɴδ˵ֵҩҲ֪ʲôǸŮ˺ɡ
ٶֵ
᳤󣬲ɴ˫·뵽ʲôһ
ٶֵǱͼϣһѾʧѾõĵҩԺȻֻһʱİٶ֣һʱҲö飬㹻̵ˡ
ĵҩͺñ죬
ô˵ģ᳤Բ˫еš
µͷЩΪҪô
Ƭ᳤̣侲ͻȻֱһڹԴϣٶֵʧѾõĵҩԣûУͼаûкúÿͼ𣿡
ãȻҡҡͷ
˵ǺĵҩǱˣ
㣬Щȥ˸һҲͱһˡ᳤ŭõһ⾹Ȼûˣǻ



1496 

᳤ȷǰٶֵʲôƭӰɣ´ƣСʡ
᳤ŭȣζƭ˵ôζȥңҲٸһ
һæȥѰҡ
ǧеڳϹţ֪᳡Ƕһ־硣
ǧ֣һ뵽ղŹµ;úЦЦھȻôûʶˣȻ˵Ƶĵҩ
ȥᡣƴá
ǧʼ磬ڽ׬ңû뵽Ǹ¸ˣӦȥأ
°ͣ˫һΣȥаɡ
Уοȥ
ǧЦصͷǰҾͲˣҲûʶˣ
ЦǱȥɡ
Ĵ½߾ĳ֣Ҳкеģڳĵ¡
ڳһݣ滹һֻҪͨ͵ĺУɫǧͷǰҲУȻ֪еĹأҲ֪еķ
ҹȴУÿС̯϶һյС͵ƣ͵ɢůĵƻ֮˲佫
һЩС̯ӣһЩ͵̣ж϶ҪˣΪгֵĶûеģҼΪ󣬹ӵǲȻԸһǧ
ǧﲻĺ᳡ɿ˵ΣһʼķǲǾʹˣӦطģǾҲһûʶˣԼˡ
Ц֮˫繣Ҳ
ǧЦҲǣеЩ˲Ҳرûʶɣ
룬Ϳ˵ᣬ֮н򲻵ĶǵļʶȻҪ˸߳һԲصġ
ǧһҲͰ࣬ûʶĻỳġ
αװ߽ʱκθҲĻᱻϳ˶ҲһЩαװϾôңǲҪ¶ݵĺá
й¶ԴҲֲˡ
ǧͷνȥ֮󣬾һתƣҲ֣Ǹ᳡ֶˣȷʲôñҪˡ
ǲι۵ʱ򣬺йͻȻӭʵλģ
ġǧһۣвûκαģ̬ȱλ֪˶ٱ
йʣʲô
ǧû˵ǽһСƿȡĿźɫҩҩζŨƿһ򿪵ʱҩζ˱Ƕ˲޷԰Ρ
й˿ʱȻһʱûϳЩʲôҩŨҩζ֤ǰĵҩǷƷƼҵҩҪϼ
ó𣿡йʵĺСģǧϡ
ǧ̬ȲҲ˺ܲչЦգ԰
йСĿŵҩȡƹ֮ĿŵҩԲӨȥ·һƲĿ⡣
˲һҲԴ･ʲôĵҩŻǺɫģŻɢڲͬҩζ
ǧλºеʶҲûȥ
ŹһյĹ򣬾й¾һⲻͨĵҩʧѾõİٶֵԲԣ
ٶֵֻҪһţһʱڰٶֱ֣ǳҵҩ°빦Ҳ±ظˡ
˾׼˵ҩ֣ǧҲĿ࿴мʶûȷǰٶֵĴ½ʧѾõĵҩ
йŵҩЦţԲĵҩȼߣƷҲܺãֱġ
ˣҪⵤҩ𣿡йסⵤҩҪĻȻвٽңպһãҪ
ǧڰ֣ˣƵġ
йһԭء
ƣ
ѲɣЩҩƵģ
ҩĵȼжߣƳʧѾõİٶֵҪ֪ƼҲƳ
й±ϾǼģܿƽˣЩҩ᳡κһģһĳһü۸ġ
ǧҲǺܵģλֳ̬ȲûʶˣСҲܽԴٶֵʱҲڶԴϡ䱦һ˶ҩһܺõļǮģԣȫȨҲ˺ܷġ



1497 ү

Һܷġǧƿ꣬ǳ
վһ࣬˴ԼͨͲ
йʶǿ˼ۣȻͨʶǶõģǲģĴ
Ƭ̺󣬺й¾ͽĿƿСĽٶֵװãֽǴ뵽У͵ˣǺΪĺ䣬ϣϲ
еİ䲢رɫ󣬶ЩЩģװҲĲͬʲôĶǺɫģװеһЩð˹ǵĶȥеģǧͷȴ¡
ỹͦġǧ̨ϵķ˹ǣЩͷһƳɣȥͦġ
οһۣͽĿջأá
ǧһЦʱͷѾΧ˺öˣеͬΪţȽһ㡣
ֻҪһкöͻ˷ǵĽм˺ѷεĸо˺ա
ò˵гĶǺöûеġ
ʲôϵ߽׾尡ϵ߽׾尡ÿһ𶯣һֵķ񲻰ѽ꣬;һ
ǧͷ첱Ӵֵģ;رУڿһӰƵģýζɷ
һִ࣬豭һڣһ˲ڿڳݼ䲻ӿ
ǧһۣЦʵΣеĲˮô
ƿ꣬źڶתҲ
ǧӦһһߺһ߿һʱòˮζãϸĿڸвڴݼӣ˲¶һı顣
豭£Цζû뵽еĲˮôúȡ
ͬЦǳЦΪ
ʱ᳡ڳгǼΪģΪȱĲʵó˺üʮţЩʵȥܲĶȴǺܺãǧҲûҪͷ
ټЩʵر󣬵һžҪǧˣ۸ȥÿӵӡ
ɵЩ˾һ㣬˫ģͺóǮһǧЩȡ
ڵ˶Բʵôտ񰡡ǧ°ͣ㶵˵ⶼȥˣʵô֣ǶϣԼħܹǿ
ֻһŲʵҪǧ򣬻ȷ浽ûо壬һûУǧ͵ڰ׳Уһ龧ҲֻһҺ壬Ҫħ޵ħ͵ҪööྦྷС
Ǯ
˵ⶫǮ׬Ǯ
ǧһתͻȻ뵽ԼռﻹкöҺ壬ϴ˼ƿ䶯ǺУӦɡ
뵽ǧеסˡ
Ȼ֪Щʲô˵ҪռĲҺȥ𣿡
ǧ̵ͷǰô
ƿ꣬ɣǺУΪ˲̫ĺ䶯һȽϺá
ǧͷûһ㽫й½˽
й֪ǲѰˣҲΪóİٶֵͶǼΪ𾴣λʲôԸ𣿡
ǺһЩǧ˵ţͽʮƿҺȡ
Һָʲôˮϵϵϵͽ׵ӦоУúйۻңǰҺƿӣ˲ų貵⡣
찡ˣЩǡ
й²ָ⣬Щ״Ρ
ǧģЦ˵ǰЩǴӾȡģŨȶܸߣŵĻһ¡
㲻飬⿴ƿЩҺ壬йҲ֪ЩҺǼΪģͨȡĸͲһ
ˣһ֪Щܾƽľǲһй¼мʶ˵
ǧοЦЦºмʶ
йһеģ͸мʶûмʶĻҪö౦ˣ
ǧͬصͷ˵òͷλһΪ֪ŴЩ
λҪЩҺ𣿡й´ƣҺ徹ȻжʮƿĻһʽңǵĺ䶯
Բͨˣɢͯӣ
Ǳǧ֪µ뷨϶Цģɢͯ˰
ռȫҺóǾҪɲүˣ
ǵģǾҪЩҺȫǧ˿ûгɡ



1498 

Ƿ϶й²űŶʮƿӣ߸˵ȥˣȻЩȲϰٶֵ󣬵Щٵġ
᳡ԼĶһպ󣬶ʮƿҺҲǰ
Щģһ˵ĺ᳡ٶȱǰҪ˼֡
ǧǷģЦúϲ£ˡ
ɣɣֻҪýҾͳˡ
ûãʮƿҺͱһգǾδģ·ʮƿʮƿǻǻġ
ǧʱŷ֣ǰеЩ඼ǮˣôĶȥȻ治ɫͷЩǮˡ
طȷ׬Ǯĺѡ
ǧЦеغŲˮŸ㣬һ˫ҲŨŨЦ⣬ΣһַˣղŵҺǶѾ˽ڽңҲ֪ĿŰٶֵ١
϶ࡣγο
ǧЦŵͷ촽Ҳ
ο΢ĺ촽մȾǹ˫һ˲Щ㱣ܿҲˡ
ʮƿҺϣŽĿŰٶֵó
ǻΪѾ뿪ŵһɼΪŨĵҩζǹζƢֱֱǱ䣬˲С
⵽ʲôҩȻô㣬ô⣿
ͣ½ŲˣǽųгĺɫҩֻڵƻǿŵҩһƷһôԲôӨ͸ҲƺһƲĿ⡣
˵Ŀźɫĵҩʲôأ
Ǽⵤҩ˲ֹ
찡ⵤҩȻģȥԲ󣬺þӨɼ֮ǿЩҩȻǸ߽׵ģƷʻھʮϡ
ҴûôƷʵҩƼҶûУ˵öʲôҩЧõĻҾҪ򡣡
Ȼ֪ʲôҩôⵤҩϤ
ੲݣĿȴһֱͶڰٶֵϣ˸ָĲ²⡣
й¼УȴλĿŵҩͨҩǴ½ʧѾõİٶֵ
һ˲仩Ȼ
ٶֵ
ֲе죬ͼϿģٶֵǺɫҩԺһʱڱܰٶ֣жħ޵Ļĸҩ
ڱʱǶԷӵһжħޣܷ°ٶֵʱٶַ֣Ӿִܽſ¡
ȻʧѾõİٶֵȻҩЧֻһʱһʱھ涼ܱ仯öೡˣֱǿҵҩ
ǰõĵҩȻںУֻĿţһ㣬ûҵˣҪʧ֮ˣ
˵ǰٶֵ˵ⵤҩƣҵҩ䷽ҲʧˣǽŰٶֵͷҲŪǵİɣ
һ˲Ĭˡ
Ȼƴ֣ҲΪⶫ治ǰٶֵǲṺģἫơ
Щɵйɫ򶨵ǲõģЩҩѾˣȷǰٶֵɣ֤Ҳҹ⿴ЩҩĵȼƷʾ֪ǷƷԣǸͲõģ¾ͺá
ٴλȻǽǷ֤飬еɢȥһϲøС
֤ǲдģȻĺУڱܺã۹˵㣬жбϵģ˼ٻȻܽȫ˻Ͳ¡
¿˵׼۰ɣѾȲˡ
йЦֵôĵҩҪһһŵģ׼һǧң۸ߵá
䣬ǾͿʼӼۡ
ǧ򡣡
ǧ򡣡
һڽң
𣬽ֻһŵҩ˷񣬼ֱ˴۾
һŵҩȻʮڵļ۸ˡ
ڰڵǧĿɿڴ֪Щ˲ƴ֣Ҳôɣһŵҩ˾ûˣȻĵʮڣȻǮ
һţͻʣţй¼óڶſʼ׼۲䣬ٴǵ
۸Ȼࡣ
ٶֵϢܿ촫˳ȥͷ᳡⵽˲Щ֪ʧѾõĵҩͣ뿴һۡ
һ˲䣬ͷ᳡ȫûˣжûȥʧأ᳡Ļ᳤òιȥҲк޼¡



1499 ̽һ

»ƻ˺УἷˣͻȻȥ
һȥʲôٶֵһΣͻȻһõĲ²ӿͷ
ŤͷѰһʵΪ֣ʲô
˳һۣЩ˵㲻֪ʧѾõİٶֵ֪ٶֵʲôǶţˡ
˵žôͣ
Ժֻ˶ѣѣָ⣬¶һĨŵı飬ٶֵǰٶֵ𣿡
˱ģһǰû°ɣ
½һУֻһſźɫҩۣΪϤĵҩмΪϤҩζҿ϶ЩҩǸողų᳡ġ
ǣΪ޴ŽôҩƷ֮⣬ú᳡óѣΪ˽˵Ľ㡣
ǵ᳡ҲˣͲһȥ᳤ȻὫģ
ỹڼڶŰٶֵҲĳ˸߼ۡ
¼ˣֻеѣ
֮ĺöλһҲͣһ¾ͱȻѡ
ˣһжˡ
ٶֵţҲûκصԭ᳡ȥҲᱻϳǲȥҪʧȥǷݻƣҲ޷ˡ
ʲô취أ
룬ȴûκεİ취ǺУ˶ţǸʲôԽľٶƾͲܴųȥˡ
һγŵİٶֵһۣǷϵ뿪
λ뿪󣬺᳡Ȼһλˡ
ǧ¿ȥ΢΢һ㶣쿴Ǹܵĸףɡ
δһһ۾ͿվȺǸߵĹǼܣʵ̫ˣȫȥվȺʱȥӿֲǱʲôֵĶһ
Ѿ뿪ôǧţôݣȺиĿֻҪһ۾˷֡
ƿ꣬ûߣٶֵ˰ɣϾС¯ģҲԵҩȤ
ǧҲе˵ͷпܡ԰ٶֵȤҪҪͼȥӽ
βȥҵ£ܸȤ
ǧЦŵǰϾܺͺڰйأ䷢չԹۣڰĵˣеͷҪɱ
εȴǺǵ˵ȿ˵
ɰɡǧͬͷ
ʱĿŰٶֵѾ˸߼ۡ
Ȼʮôࡣ
ɽмԾû£ҲԽԽ
գ֮ʮֱʮڣǰ漸ŶҪĹȺеҲʼӼۣɳ翣żʱضᵹȥһ
Щھʶһֻۣһ۾Ͳ
ʲô
ôݣⶼˣߵĹǼܰɡȫûǵĿ⣬ӼۣȻ֣ʮڵļ۸Щˡ
̿ˮ˽
˭ôôҳô֣Īǲˣ
Ҳ̫ª˰ɣǴ׻½֪רС¯ģ˵ܲҼء
ôߵĹǼܣǰҲ棬ûôݰ
Ƿ׷˵еɻ󣬿ɲɻ󣬵ҩѾΪʵҲǲıġ
˵ĻʹͷеĵҩɫĵҩΪԲڵƹɢһ͸ĹâһʱЩƲ۾
еİٶֵ¶һĨϲͿȣǼõĵҩֻҪһ۾˰֡
Ҳ֪ǺƳôõĵҩĺһ
ҩָռڣת뿪
뿪ǧ΢΢վӣֿٽٻ˳ӣȥǸˣҵŵ󣬾ǡ
ó¿һۣ˲䱻һۣûǵһοôݵˣ½ʲôʱûôƶˣȻԲ𣿡
ǧЦҡҡͷ½ƶҿɶˣֻǺ֣ȻݲĹӣԣǶԴ˼Ϊ棬ȥ̽̽ס
һظɰɣ¶ͽˡ
䣬þȣããҹɫС
һߣй¾ͽĵõĽ˹
׬õĽҷǳ࣬ȫ˴УĴʮй²̫עĿͽЩȫռָС



1500 㣡

ҶڿռָУλҪ𣿡й¹ؽռָݳ
ǧӹԺ󣬲ûżźᣬȲˡ
й¹𴽰꣬Ĺˣ˲رĴЩ˲һҾҪȥСĽ
ҷŽռԺǧźͷһͬ뿪ʱõĵҲﴫСѾͷ֪˵ŵˣڳڵġջһŷڹ𣿡
ǧһ˫Σڡջһŷڹȥ
ο˿ɫҲǲżȥƿ͵ǾȥҲ¡
ǧһеЦֶ˼Ӵһ£֪Ϊʲôˡ
ǲ
ܿǱ뿪Уջſڣ˿̿ջԱַǳ˽ȥʱվĵطûˡ
ǧǰĿջЩɻ
Σջʲôر֮ȻôˣǧߵķΣɳп
ζǰĿջбڴ˵زԶټЩ˵ļҲڳУ⴦ջŵõص㡣
ǧ΢΢һΣҲôرееĵҩѾЩ˶ˣûеطţֻѰһջջõѡ񡣡
˵䣬˱˿ջ֮С
ͷСƹæòɿ
ǧͷζһۣûע⵽¥һŷſڣǧ֣÷š
ߵߵߵ
ûʲôǵ·ǳˮһ㡣
ǧ۾ֲοȥһۣӦģôһûأ
üš
ǧ󣬱ţҲ֪˶ãŴһһŲٹһžͱˡ
߹Ǽܰǣһ˫˫ڶһرˣ֮ſ˵˭ӦòСɣ
ǧ𴽰꣬ǵȷСٶֵˣռԵҩΪȤüߵļ۸񽫵ҩǾѯһ㡣
ڲһƹⲨţǣٶֵˣ
ǧͷǰ𣿡
ǣûڵһʱ˵ǰ˼Ϊֶͨ˶ҲעˣҲٶֵʧѾõĵҩ
ϵʵǲġ
ǲŵĻǱ㿴еĵҩɡ˵ţǧͽʣµŰٶֵȡ
ҩԲҩζ磬һһֱֱƮ䡣
ˣ˸ŹҲѣ·һͻἤɢһţоȻŰٶֵ
ǧеҩЦǰܸ˰ɣҪ֪᳡ҲĿţĿҲͬȥһиͲŵġ
Ȼ֪һ㣬ڿŵҩʱŻô
ǰĵҩ΢ţһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧ֪У΢΢һֻǺͷվţҲû˵Щʲô
Ҳ֪˶ãŴӻ㱵˵ΣˣŰٶֵԲƽˣȽɡ
ǧͷζһ̧ۣŽ뵽С
ܺסڿջҲҪһģĲҲΪסֱһܡ
ǧܿ˿ܿ콫Ŀջˡ
δʼնһﲻûκɫ˫Ҳžһ޲濴ͨ쳣ȴС˾ô˺ܲƽ
ҲǣϾóôٶֵľ;Բͨˣпĳˡ
ֻܽãԲ֮ȥ
һ󿪵Ĳˮ뱭УõǸǰӦÿ˰ɣȵˮ
ȻǼܣҲɳм˵ζȴмֽСģм𾴡
ǧһۣҲͦģ΢΢ˮС
Ҳͬյˮ˲ǣһ˵Ĳ㡣
ǰѲˮ˲˿ƽ˵ٶֵˣݶȻ󣬽ǰѯô򵥰ɣ
ǧһ䣬еЦŨǽǰȷѯô򵥡



1501 ȥ

һУܿȴƽüΪɭ˫ǰˣǵĿʲô
ǧָ⣬˵˵רС¯ģָϲҩⲻٶֵҲԸƳء
һɴ˫Ҵ
ʲôʧѾõĵҩȻƳģ
ΪֻѣǴŪģҲλҩʦɴû뵽ЩҩȻƳģҲ˵ǾȻôҩʦ
ָҲ˵ЩҩƵģ
ôǧһҲЦüΪ׼ȷ˵ЩҩƵģһҩʦ
󣬲̿ˮһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǧ㶵ģٴο˵Ϊβ˵Īǣǲ˵ģ
ãŻǲţֻǾеţ㿴ȥôᣬȻѾƳʧѾõĵҩ𣿡
оһ
ǧЦЦˮҩҲֻͣӦÿ츳Ȼͺᣬҵ츳ܺá
һһ㶣󣬵˵ͷ
ƳʧѾõĵҩ츳˵ǷǳˣƼҲƳֵҩǰЩϴ赤ƼҲһƣֻһЩ򵥵ϴ赤ҩҩĻЧͲһˡ
˵Ĳˣĺšƿ꣬Ե̾
ǧһ䣬õصͷлĿޡ
ڰ֣һ˫ڶ˫ǧţ˵ҹҩ¯𣿡
ǧǰɣȥҲι۲ιۣǻܲιС¯ģ͸ˡ
Ҫ󲢲֣ҲûκΪ֮ɫ
򵥣ʱȥңһڴӦ
ǧοһۣ˵հɣΣ
ɡ
˵һǧͷ̧뿪Ѿˣ׼ȻѧԺϢһһ磬ϡ
׼ܵһҲûиκˡ
ڶһ磬ǧͷαٴθϵջʱѾڿջгŶ
ǧۣθڻ¾ͽ緹ꡣ
ɾһθںöˣȻôݣһߵĹǼܣô˵еְɣҲûôš
ǧᳶε°ڣС˵Σθںܲأôôݣ
β۾ĿҲƸһɻ󣬡ȷЩ֣ͺӪڲʧһ
ʧ
ǧüȥеֲӡ
ʧǧƿ촽棬һ˳ȥӪôʧأҲ̫˰ɡ
ţҲ֡
˵ʱ򣬳緹ܿ㷢ǵĴڣվ˵λ˰ھͳ𣿡
ǧ󣬱ЦŵڳɣӦûʲô˰ɣ
󣬵˵ͷǵģڴ˴Ѿãûʲôˣ£ͳɣ
ǧЦŵɣڳɡ
䣬˱䣬ת뿪
ȥ׻½·;ңԶ˻ǽһٶȺܿ죬Źʱ͵ִ˰׻½
һ׻½ǧвûκβǰİ׻½ͬһʱһַǳ쳣
ǧһۣ㽫Ŀ˻
ܿģͣһլſڣլ֮пҶдšլ֣ش˴ˡ
ǧĲ²Ҳܿõ֤ʵ˵ˣ˴ҵլۡ
󣬱Ҳܿˡ
濴ܿҺܴ󣬹ſھͰڷ˺ЩȴŶƽլۡܶ౶ټſҲڷ˺üʯʨӣȥˡ
˵С¯Ȼô
ǧ˼ʱٴο˵ȥɣ
ǧ˲񣬡ãȥɡ
ϸϸؿһۣ΢
ȥ֮ǧӴˣһլӶҪܶ࣬оһС͵ĻʹһȲƴֵƼҶҪĿš
ǧϸϸ˼ۣլЩˣڼʱ򣬶ֳһµӣҲȫǼɵͷ·ʵھʲô
üʶε°ڣСΣûз˺񶼺Ϊӿ£Ϊʲô
ȻҲһ㣬˵ģȷе£ҲΪʲôԭȿ˵ɡ



1502 ľ

ǧ˵ͷ
˵ᣬδ
λȲιңھȥιС¯죿Ŀ䵽ϡ
ǧ΢ϸһ͵ȥιլӰɣС¯ʲôĻ
Ҳ˵ͷɣҵլӻȥǰԺһȥ԰
ǧͷȻûʲôǸ࣬ܿլӵķ羰;۵ףò˵լĺֻܴһǰԺͼΪľ£ʲôͤɽӦоУŷˣƲĿ⡣
ǰԺһܿԺһܴĻԣʻһ磬Ƣ
ֽǰĻժ£⻨԰ĻרǲŸïʢÿ
վڻвҲûʲô顣
ǧǰĻ䣬ЦȷƯĻҲǷ˼ġ
ֻ÷ģ͵ЦЩǴģȻޱȣֹˣļа취ʢޡ
ǧ󣬲һб¡
һٴü֮ҲŨŨЦ⣬û⣬ЦʱƤӰݣȥӿˡ
ǧһۣٽĿ˻ȥ
լһ˱ȥС¯ĵطǿҵܻأһ˲ܽȥι۵ġ
ǧͷȴһˣҩʦƳʧѾõĵҩô˵ͱǲͬġ
Ҫι¯ǲιۺˣܺҩʦã˵ҲǼõģպҩʦæ
С¯ĵطһ͵ĵڣȻܴ󣬵ȴֻܰС¯һûаͷ·ûһ
ǧһȴкöˣ˵Ҳϰ˰ɣǾһڲС¯ϵĶͣЪԵüΪרעҲ˵һ仰
ţ̿ˮȻЩ˺棬˾йɹеëȻġ
ǧ˴첲Ŀʶοȥ
οǰһУ˫Ҳ΢΢һҲоˣ˵΢УĲˣһûľż
ôС¯ĵطܺðɣؿǰĳҶŬ¯ȫͣ£Ҳ˵
ͦõģҶ桭ǧƿ꣬ж˼˿΢
һֵҵĹ£ǱԭԽڷܣ˺οҪ֪ǰǺİ
˵ţھȻ¶˼ֿȣңǱڷŬȻڷ˵ɰ
˵Ŀȣ˼ֲ̬ȥ˷ǳ
ǧ̿ˮ˿̺Ծˣһƫִ̬ĲˣУҲڲͣ˱ԼеӣرĿ¡
뵽˴ǧһӣʶ˴첲
ʲôûоһ˵ţ֪ʲô취Ǳģ
ǧ̿ˮѯʣõʲô취
ٺٺ١סԼĴ꣬عЦЦһӣſ˵ҵĻܣҾͲ˵˰ɡ
ǧǲһ飬Ȼ˵ĻһʼҲͱ˵ˣ˱˵ĺĺ
ȥιһ°ɡٴοڣ翵ڵв쳹ģ캧ˡ
ϰ˾ûһڻеƵС¯ͣЪ
ǧһһŵǾȥιһ£һͦء
һֱվǧ࣬Թ
߽ǧų׿˵ҵòܴ󣬺ܳһĸоһħƵġ
ЩС¯ˣһʹͷľнȫޣһϲͣĻ˵ʼˡ
ȴ⣬ˣˡ
֣ͣǰС¯¶ĹâƳС¯ǲǺƯܾ£
С¯ȷƯҲܾ£ƷҲܲƷģĵ¯ȥϸ߼ۣϾҩʦǶǮ
ǧôǰС¯Ҳ˵ãţͷ㷢˷ǽһľʵĴӡ
ӽţȴҲ涨ȻװŲٶЩܾС¯



1503 ʲô

С¯ôΪҪǽߣԸ˿һǧüװһ䣬ǽߵľװʲôôЩصģ
鲻һݣɫҲű˱䣬ſˮƬ̺С˵ʵҲûʲôǼӶѣֵһᡣ
ӣ
ǧһʶοȥһۣüͷҲ΢΢һ
΢΢䣬ɲ
ǧĿջأװ˵һ䣬ȻǿһΪװС¯ʲôġ
һüͷװ򶨵˵С¯ôԱߵľأЩǿӶѣװõġ
ǧɫüŽĿƿˣ۵ԭˣͻˡ
ҡҡͷûй˼
ǧü㲻˵ˣȴڷһ¡
֪˼Ҳһ£ʾ԰ꡣ
ģ̌ӣеɻţҲ·ֻ˲ܿ
ڵҿһûʲôɿĶˣ˾ͺܿӵгһȥͽֵڶǰϵЦţѾԸǿС¯ˣǲҲӦôӦһҪ󣿡
ǧüͷӵĿ⿴һʲôҪ󣿡
򴽰꣬Ц˵뿴ҩҵС¯ҩ
ЦʱĿȣϵȫȥһЦ­ͷ˾еëȻ
뿴Ƶҩǧգգ۾ǹǳЦ
ĿͶϣ˵뿴ưٶֵҺܺ棬ʧѾõĵҩôƳģ
ǧ˫˵Ǻ棬ҲֲΣҪһ̽ĳɷ֣ҲкЩҪȷһ£ʱҲȡβС
ԾƬ̣Ϳ˵ðҪƵҩĻұƣھͿʼ𣿡
һ˷пյĻǾưɡ
ǧЦŵͷʾӦˡ
ʱѾƷС¯ȡΪһС¯ΣǲõĻٸ㻻
ɣѾܲˡǧŴ꣬ٻҲܲóһƷ¯ɣ
ǰС¯ɫģҲܾ¡
ǧһۣͽռڵҩȡ̵ҩ滹մż¶飬ٴҩݣַܿۻҡ
վһԣ۾ֱˣöҩʦҩȴûһôѸ٣ôģָ·һ
һǧѾҩݴãʧʱѾҩݵС¯Уûϵħš
ɫĻ˲ǰֻǿһۣͽ
澹Ȼɫģİɡϸϸţ´κһСϸڣ˼ۺ֮Ҳ˿ȺС
ֹһʱһɼΪҩζǼ⣬һڣ㱻С
ĺ㣬Ũȴ壬˻ţŹ֮ϵƣ۸оȻȫɢˣһ˲þȣʹ̫ˡ
ǧҩδע⵽ı仯
εǽı仯΢䣬ʲôҲû˵
ֹ˰ʱǧڽϵħϨʱٶֵҲƺˣҲûڵһʱͽ¯򿪣ǵЦٶֵѾƺãҪҪ򿪿
һһ㶣ҩʱֹܻƣۣȻûаֲʸУǺ۷״̬һ˾ﲻѡ
еĺѹ£ֽ¯򿪣򿪵ɲҩζ˲佫ϯУ̿ˮͷʹʱ㿴ڵ¯еĵҩ
ɫģԲǰٶֵ
ңĵҩȻţ
һ¯ȻţͨŮ˾Ȼı£
ĵҩ˷·ƶţƮƮȻģ澹ȻŰٶֵҩ¾Ȼô𣿡
ǧűӣЦе޹òҲ֪úãǾǺðɣҾԼ츳ͦ
һǳ鴤
ֹǲ죬ƼҲһ¯ƳŵҩԣƼʧѾõĵҩ̸ţ
Ѿȫˣǧʼ磬ְŷεӣǳЦ˵ĺϲٶֵѾˡ



1504 ס

οһۣ
ǧָ⣬˵û¶Ҫͳô˻˵Ҫڰ׻½һôϲҩ϶˻סµġ
һЦԿɣоǻġ
ǧҧ䣬һҾò˵˵
εЦɡ
ʱѾӻ㱵ҩַǾˣţһǵȼôߣƷôõĵҩÿһóȥڣ
ǧɷõصͷѾںˣȻ֪ҩļ۸
еĵҩɰ֣˵ģĺϲٶֵܲһţ
ǧװɵؿһۣںһΪλҪ
򴽰꣬õĵҩٶ༸Ҳ޷еǽңܶټ۸ҶҪ
ǲƴ֡ǧü˫һΣֵʵЩٶֵҲôڰ׻½գ˳ȥһжħޱõˡ
ӲɹµһתλҪڰ׻½
ǧͷ
򴽰ֵ꣬λϢջ˶ӵģҩҩζƮض˵ĹעסңǱ԰ҩҲƳٰٶֵʱ㹻ˣǻһţΣ
ǧüһ黹̴ͦûá
ͱͱεĸ첲⣬ЦʵΣ
ƿ꣬ŵΪȷͦõġ
ɰɡǧתͷ˵Ҽ๫˵ͦãǾͿ϶ĻǾסˡ
һ⼤
ո˵İٶֵǿһšǧƿ꣬쳣ǰǿǵסڿջ˶ӵģƵҩ鷳ΪǽһУǾڼõĻƵҩˡ
һҩ֮ҲһĨС
Ҫ𣿡򴽰꣬ЦÿҪ
ǧͷӳЦ⣬ǳǳȴƯǰ˲ĻȻƸĵҩ
ƣĻŰɡ
Űٶֵʮڣ۸Σǧֱ˵һ۸
æͣͷ۸ܺʮھʮڣھ͸׼ҡ
ǧǳЦ
һҾˣ׬Ǯװ
֪ĸп϶Ѫģ׬Ǯף
һ㶼׺ȻǮף
׼ҵͬʱѾ˽ͷ֮󣬱˿ͷС
ͷ࣬һܰζζڱ䣬һ˲鱻ϴӵĸо
ǧֳһ˫Ҳңͷô󡣡
˵䣬ҲѾʮһ׼ãûйֱ׼ãˡ
ǧδ㣬ֱӶ˿ռС
Ǽˣھͬʱֱת˳ȥ
һ뿪ǧÿԣΣǲƴ֣ȻŰٶֵС¯ôã
ºһˮǳЦӦͦġ
ǧϵĲյͻȻ뵽˵еľӣü˵ҾǼľп϶жȻ˵ûУжȻʲôè壬Ĺȥ
ν豭£󣬡á
ѾҹҲ·˳˯ǧͷδ߳һҸ
˿̵ĵҿջλεģС¯ҲصЪϢˣΨǽϵļɢŹ̾ͽҸ
͸ǧϷźüδС¯ЩǽԵǼľԵøͻ
ǧŷ˹ȥ
ֱߵľӸǰǧֽľӴ򿪣򿪵ɲǣһľɢȥĶҲӳС
С¯ȻȫС¯
һľжʮС¯ǧˣüͷһ
ʱ򣬷Ѿ⼸ľӴ򿪣ҲȫС¯ľӼܹһٶС¯ɡ
ôС¯ȫľУǾʲô
ǧϸʱͻȻ⴫һŲ
ˣ
ǧ˫һݣ̽ľӹصδغãغ֮ǰڵŽˡ



1505 ҵĳ

Ǵŵһɲǣͼյˣ߽ΧѲš
ûв鵽κβԾĵط̧뿪һҵĴŸˡ
нԶĽŲǧͷβŴδ
ǧով񿴵ŽգüͷȻˣСģǴ취ȥ
ĿҲ䵽ϡ
δ˵ЩʲôǧѾٻӣȥ򿪡
Ťһӣ̧ۿǧðö飬³֮Ҫ׼ЩԵͰ
ɰɡǧһ飬Щܵ˵
ȴŤСƨ˳˳ȥǵˣõˣһҪѺöó
ˣȥŴ򿪰ɡǧڰ֣ɫе㲻͡
üþգܳȥš
ꡱһɴ򿪣ѹǻ˻צӣˣǿԳˡ
õᣬδ˵⡣
ǧͷζһ̴ۣ߳ٴã㱻򿪵ĺۼû¡
ˣǧˣ⻹һ޷죡
ԭվ˻ܿصУ˷̽鲢δ˷ҹɺ
ѧԺ
ͻȻ⴫һ
ޱߵſڣŴ򿪣һѧܣЦܹӣԺȥ
Ժ֣ܵüͷһ壬ҹȥʲô
ѧ󣬲ҡҡͷҾͲˣʲôɣܹͿЩȥɣԺȾˡ
ЦһĲͺ
ʲôû˵ֻǵ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ѧˣת뿪
ѧһߣϵıѸһ䣬ø񣬾ʲôĿµĶҧҧԭվ˻뿪һȨסȥ
վסſڣܲûеһʱȥվ⾲ţҲ֪˶Ŷһ˫ţת롣
סİǳŲϹķ磬֮һܳһ߽
ʱ򣬲һƹ֣͸Щߣܲڹ֮пȨ
һϮվڹ֮£ϵĵһ򼼫Ϊˣܲûбס䶢Ȩʵҹʲô飿
ȨĿͶϣЦ˲Ũ˼֣ϵ˰ҲԵøΪ̣ʵҲûʲôѧԺҪ˫ϵħʦô򵥵Ҫ㲻ܾɣ
˫ѧԺôѧΪһҪҳ
Ȩ͵һЦĿٴ䵽ϣΪѧԺġ
򴽲
ȨһƽдаĹâҵģȻҾȫ½֪ҵĳ£
ŭĿӣ㡭
˷ŭȨЦøΪ룬ҵĳǱ¶ȫ½˿϶˺ɡ
˫ֽգȫǲʺ⣬̫
ȨЦûаֺ֮ɫĿҪǰЩȥҷĳܣҲ˳סܵѧԺѧתͶǷѧԺ¡
ˣܻôÿζԼ뷨ʱضƿһ
ˣȨҲô·ѾԼͺڰѾ޷ͷˣһҪѧԺôȥ
ݣ
˵ǧͷȥˣҲ֪ʱܻǽѧԺʱȨͻȻ˵
һֱجΣԭΪֻҪϢһجξͻɢ˿̲ŷֻ֣Ҫ˻δجξͻһֱڡ
ǸǧϴθŪһʲô飬Ҳ֪ҪγŪԣЩ˲ڵ£
˼𣿡һû˿¶ȡ
˼Ȩϵ˰̣翾廳ʲôúŵҾǿѧԺ˲ˬǲݡ
վһ࣬üͷ
ȨḧϵĲյ㣬һȥѧԺ˵ҪǽѧϰܻڲС
üûڵһʱӦ
ҵ飬Ŵ½ϵ˺֪ɡȨɭɭ˵ţȫвζ
ʵܲסֻܵͷӦá
Ҳǰã֪ҵĹġ



1506 

ԭǸºͿʵˣɽЩ꾹ȻԽԽݣԽԽΪֻθڲòŻˣ˭룬ྐྵϢ
Ӳ֪Լĸ׾ȻôаϢҲ⣬ԽԽӽԽԽԶ롣
ϾˣǵҵδֻܱȴӦȨҪ
ѾȨЦüΪܵļ򣬵ȻҾ͵ĺϢˡ
ֻöģʲôû˵
ûʲô̧ܾ뿪ֱӻص˷Уȴûκ˯⣬ֱ۵ߣǧ֪ѧԺ飬һ緹
ò˵Ҳ֮ң緹ΪʢʳҲǼΪģЩ϶ûУȴ˲ȴǵƷ
ǧ˸󱥣ӣ¶Цݡ
μģǵЦݲ΢΢һ
ȵʱ緹ʳĺøӺˣֻһţŵζ˵˲С
ǧϵĲյоңͷ·ʳ̫ãܻ֣ᷢ
ں˼ʱǧ⴫һ춯
ȥֵͦӣҲ֪ôˣǧʶοȥ˺ܿʹ˹ʶ׼ȥͷһ
һȥǧͿ̧żľӣǼľӺǵҵǼƹˣС¯ģܹһٶ
֮࣬˲ò⡣
ģ̌ӵˣڵ̧ӣҲ֪Ҫ̧ȥĶǸȥ
εá
ȥ֮󣬱㿴ǽļ̌ϣһ֮ܿߣܿûӰ
ǧŽԶ˸ѯʵľװöʲôҪη
ЩɵؿǧһۣûʲôͼӶѣ׼ȥװС¯
ǧǲᳶӣ
ӻҪôֳôӣ
ǧǲŵģɼûҪ˵˼ҲȫǾ裬ǧһ˫һʱҲͲˡ
˼ˣӿŲ뿪վһͻᶶ¶ʲôõ
뿪ıӰǧ˫ɫҴң϶飬ңء
ζСԶȥӰ˫Ҳ
ԭվһת뿪û߼·ǰһ˺ѷε
ҽǧͷεĽŲ£ɫҲ
ΪλĲҽǧһݣԴȥǹȥ
Ҳͬɻ̵ͷá
߽֮ǧּץһ˵˫֣ӽ˫˫Ҳ
ֱӱһӣȥǳټϷĲҽǸģǱ
ǧ䣬˹ȥʵʲô
ЩһǹɫһΣǱ
ǽָ⣬˺һһԼҲûʲô£ǽ񷿣ظһ֪Ժ󣬲Žų
ģٴξǾȾңˣħѪħҽͻˣǾҰ
Ѫħ
δ˵񾪾壬Ĩ˵װ򶨵λ˵ǼΪƵģʲôѪħ죬Ҹ˵ԴЩѡ
һƴҡͷκͱ˵һ仰ֻ˽Ĩڡ
ǧһתһ˺ö˼
ã˿϶û˵ң϶ʲôŹ顣
ǾѪħ˲òⰡ
ȴ˵ԭǸӲʹģһΪʲôѪˣ԰๫
ǧŤͷȥΣӨ˫ĺÿ֡
ζĿ⣬һ˲ǳЦ⸡֣ÿ쳣ȷˣֻǺ˵˵
Ƕûţ˲İ˲٣̽ѺУѹ˵˵ܳΪѪԴĸ͸Һúźţʲô۶֪𣿲Ȼܵģ
һŵ¶ֵɫ˶ݡ
Ǳعˣ񷿴űϵʱȫǾţͷ·һͻһ



1507 µ

ղŽеúң°ɣǧ˵ľ۵ףȴװ̫һ䡣
Щ̰ڰ֣ںûµģҪڲһҪҪˣ
ǧ󣬳οȥһۣЦ
ǼûʲôֵղŵҲ⣬ұ˭ǻ˹أȻҪܵͷزġ
ǧʶͷȻҪأҼҴҵûйؿôã
ô˵̵ͷû˵ûйزɷԲ
ǧЦŵͷ
˵˼䣬ת뿪
ʱֻʣǧͷΣǧŤͷյĲţһ˫۾΢΢һУܿ˳˼Ҳ֪Щʲô
ղǸˣѯʡ
ģ̌˫ĺڵ˫ǰղǸԴǿԲɵӣЩô˵ȻڼʲôټϵĿ־ҲԤʾŽܳ¡
ΰָ⣬Ѫħ𣿡
һʻ㣬ǧɫҲ˲һ䣬Ҿûô򵥣һôѪǸ
Ͽƿꡣ
ҹ·һﶼ˳˯
֮ȴһҽ𣬺ܿҽûˣ֮޶
ҽ֮ǧͷٶ񷿣ɻˣѵѪУϱһӣѪϵľС
޴ľУѾʢѪЩѪȺģð
еʬ壬˵ɰ˸ˣǲţȻҵܾҪ֪ˡ
Ǳ֪ǲŹǵġ
ԣպҪСһ㣬Ҳ֪˺ʱŻ뿪
ǲ˵ţǱߵʬɵһѪ
ǾͿЩľ̫ðѪǼΪϲġ
Ҳ֪ҪôѪʲôûƼҵ˶ں𣿡
Ǽû£˾ͱˡ
䣬Ǿͽļ̌һסȥ
ǵӰԶ룬ǧͷξʹδ߳ҲղŵĻһס
ǧ򴽣ӳ¹µ˫İ䣬߹ǵ⣬ΣǸո˵Ļ˰ɡ
󣬲ͷеЦҲ⣬ˣľѪǸ׼ġ
˵뽫ľѪȫȵ𣿡뵽ľѪĻ棬ǧһҲһ¡
ǻǶļˡ
ͷɡƿ꣬ӵĹѵ
ǧٴδ˴ֱۣеŨǸȥ
áεͷ
ǽľסУת뿪ˡ
ŻðѪˮ˶˷ܵĲִϵӣѪˮнţһѪˮڿϸϸƷζš
ѪˮճҲŨȥ֮󣬱˶չ˼֣ڲͣզͣζѪζԣοʵѪҺ
ֺ˼ڣͻȻľ𣬽ѪȫԡͰС

֮㻺ϵ·ѵ뵽ԡͰ׼Ѫϴ裬ȵѪڼϻ䣬Ҳ̾
۾۰ԡͰϣʵѪϴļһ˲ҲѪԡѪѪˣľս
ǧͷιʱ򣬿ıĻ档
еѪζŨȴ
ǧˣԼ˫㿴ȻѪˮ裬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ǰҲϡٹֵţҲȷΪ׷Ưղϣ岻ѡѪ衣
ЩϾаҲò³
£ȻҲѪ裬Ҳ׷ղ
ζԡеɫˣʲô
ǧ΢档
û˵һʱҲûµ
ǧЦЦҲû˵
ʱһϴ裬һóӸԼһѪѪǣܿ췢õ̾ϢǱ߻вѪգ˿ȥһѪĹǼܣа
ΣǼܣ᲻аĽйأǧѹúܵ͡
󣬵˵ͷ飬ḴۣҼ󡣡
ǧ䣬á
ʱѾȫУ֪ͷ͵ڲ˵Ż



1508 Ѫ

˳տǧɫø䵭˲٣ǸӣӦòǵһγѪϴѪԡˣ϶ҲЩˣֲЩ˻˼ɵԭͷ顣
ţ˵ø޲ھͳȥŪ
ܣ
黹δŪ֮ǰܴݾߣֻܾ䡣
ŷε°ڣʹԼ侲ô侲侲Ŀ챻ֱ̬ˡ
֣ģڰһ㡣
ǧ˿ƽ˼֡
ʱѪˮϴ裬Ҳ֪˶ãŻԡͰ߳ͷȫѪգһȥ亹죬ѡ
ƺϲֺۼЩı۾ָϸϸţЩѪ˲մȾָͷϣѪζҲ˲š
ûһٴóӣԡͰѪˮһһںȵǧˣŻ
Ҳ൱ϴѪˮ˰ɣúܣȻҲȵȥ
ǧʵڿȥֱŷ뿪
صԺǧؿڣ³ʵ̫ˣԼϴѪˮȻҲȣ࿴۾رķθ
Ҳ뵽˸ղһĻɫ΢΢һ䡣
ƽǧ˵Σ˵Ľ᲻ͳϣפйأ
һ˫΢΢һŵܣļأ˵ʵѪѪԡܳϣղ䣬ϾаĽѾˣ½ϵ˽ǲ֪Ȼ֪е˼ˡ
ǧü΢΢һ
ȻĽѪﵽĳϣղȷаĺܣôˣϱضմȾ³Ҳõȥ
˵Ѿ棬һ˸Ϳεͷǧ°ֵͣôε֪ģ¿϶򵥡
һ۾Ҳ΢΢µȷ򵥣Ľһ˾ԿȻģŻ֪
ͺЩС¯ȥйء
ǧҲ֪˷ЩʲôһΣ˵˳ȥЩľӣ᲻ͺͽйأ
󣬵˵ͷҸղҲôģĺϵľйء
ǧ򴽣ɫ˲һ䣬ľѾߣǾ֪죬Ҳǳ׷˰
һ˲˷ȷѾԶУ֪²ԾҲ޴Ѱӣ·뵽һͬһ
ΰָ⣬ֵȻ϶ô򵥣֮϶еڶΣΣֻҪţȻܲҳʲôġ
ǧҲô겻˼֣Ҳǣеʱ䣬Ȼ֪ܲһС
ҹֹ˺üա
ڴڼ䣬ֵļΪƽ켣˶˵˵ЦЦȻȥݵͬǼܣЦʱ΢е׺һ㶼ѪԡѪĶħǸеªͨˡ
ǰЩӼʶײкǧҪֱƭȥˡ
ò˵ǻαװ
ȴ֪Ѿܣɻ켣ȺУС¯ԳԶûǧһҩĵãӹúζ
ǧģЦøζĦ°ͣ˫䡣
ƵİٶֵǼõģҾôһţȥʱˣжħ޶¡ǧΪ˵һ䡣
ȥˣǧʶѯʡ
ǧ࣬ƽһĮ
޶ãɼĺܣǰǰȥģ˳һ°ٶֵһնɱһֻʮ׵жħޡ
ǰ룬ǿʮ׵жħޣֻҪһȥǰ°ٶֵͿնɱ
ȡʮħ޾ˣõ˲ɱ߽ħ޵ľ飬ǳ
ǧһΣЦ˵ϲնɱʮħޣ
õĵͷЦҲΪš
ǧ۾ἤɢܡ
ЦһӣǲЦˣٴδƣ˵ٶֵЧ̫ãܲҼţ
뵽ƷŶĵѪ֮ǧ붼ûֱӻؾǸЩûưٶֵԣ㡣
ȻЩʧ䣬ҲɵȥҩʦֻܵͷҲûбֳκ



1509 ڰϢ

û£ˣҼŰɡƣЦ˵
ǧüۣܿ뵽ǸҹǳѪħüһ壬ȴûб䣬ðֻҪˣͻһʱġ
˲Բˡ
Цת뿪ʱһͻȻŻ
ߵɫ˲һ䣬ҲûŻ̧뿪úܴ󣬷·׷һ
æ뿪Ӱǧ˫һգҲ˼֣ôߵҴҵģѵʲô鷢ˣ
ղıʵڲ򵥣ʲô鷢ǼС¯йء
ֻǵͷ
ǧһת˲ųЦ⣬Ǹȥ
εͷδܾ
ʱѾ˻УרŵĻңɭϣһ˸ͽȥΪˣܸõ̸飬±
ǧͷȥʱ򣬾ͷֻźЩˣŴգͭǽڣһֻӬɲȥ˵ͨˡ
ǲͨˣȻа취ȥ
һѾܿжĿ˻ҷ
ǧ֣ὫƬƿƿ֮󣬻еһоӳС
˿̣λϣֱߵĵطȻһȫ·ˣ˰ԼúأȫǺɫģҲһڲţ˿ģ
ڷϵǧ΢΢˫˽ԼʵʵܲԾ
·ģûô򵥣
ʦǰʲô𣿡ȴδкβףƣϹЦ⣬ƺڼֺʲô
ܿ죬Ǹ·ľͿˣϴ͹С¯ԶԶҽԤһٶඦģΣ
Ҫһٶࣿסˣе㾪ţǲеˣҲҪ⣬ô࣬ǿ϶æ
ǲС¯ˣµüͷ壬ҲƺЩơ
˫˵
۾ֵǲ֮ѾؼʱѾȫܣֻҪټԹ̳֮ɹңҼվ״̬ĲˣȫҲ͸¶һֲƽ·𻹴ĳʥ⣬ֻҪһ۱ܿͨǲͬġ
ǹάĻȻˡ
˫һ˶˾ϲ棿
һ˵ȻģΪҪƭ㣿ѵûиܵԼϵĲ𣿡
ϸϸմһ䣬ҲرҾƮƮģʲôرҲ˲٣ƽȵȷкܴĲͬ
һֽкõǾˣ˵ϾҪ뷲̥壬Ϊ֮ˣؼʱڣӦòɣ
һգ̱¶ԼľģȻòײŵõϵ
ǷǺãһٶС¯׼ãаŲյЦѯʡ
һӦʦģҶὫС¯׼ãϵطĵŰɡ
󣬽üɢ˿ǰһͣܿͳһƵССϻһãȥаǳʲô
ȴ񱦱һСڻУлʦҶúԳϵġ
صͷֻҪúܽˡ
һٴμ򴽽ǣȫǶδĻ룬ֻҪԶ䣬Ҳһиʵ
ѾȫԼУҶԴŲɣдһ˸⣬Цɭǳ
Ȼδɷϵǧͷȴһš
ǧƿ֮꣬Ҳ˼²ǸɵӰɣЩԾǹάĻʲô뷲ˣʲôӵʥ⣬һͺܼ٣ôˣ
һʱܷ֣Ҳᷢȥˡƿ꣬ĮҲ׷Ȼںܶʱڽ뵽ȦС
ȦףҲ൱ڱϴˡִҲкöϴ֯ƭǮƣ˸Ӻˡ
ǰִϴԵˣڲݽ棬׷νĳأ
ǧָ⣬Ŀɭ䣬Σܿʲô𣿡
γкڰϢ
Ȼ



1510 ĸô

ǧԺü۲һΣһǸеаĺйȻǺڰˣҲֻкڰ˲аķӡ
ô˵ĻǷΪֻǻ᳤֮Ĵʦ֪Ǻݣˣ
ȥͦģʵϡǲ֪еݰɣǧڷϣ˵ԼĲ²⡣
ü΢΢һһʱ侹²⻹ͦ
ģȷ֪еݣ᳤ֻĴʦɼˣ˴󵨣ɭմȾ
ǲ֪ɡƿ꣬ģһĨ䣬ɼˣҲ̤ԨҲɾˡ
ǧ󣬸Ÿпһ䣬ǰɾˡ
ʱУ΢һӱת뿪ǰŤͷ˵Ҹʱ䣬պؽһٶС¯ʹұ㽫ĳ֮ȫջأʱֻܳΪһͨˡ
Բ
ŲҪΪͨˣŲ뾭ϲֻţúõĻš
ģ֮С¯϶ʹ˵ţȭͷԼľģԲʧġ
һ̧뿪
뿪֮ϣطŷƵСӣйسطֻǿһ۾ǳ
ſˮӿ˼֣ľͷ·õȫһöǺöܳõԼҪһУ
ɼҪѪԡǺµģɵԼȻϰѪζζȳʱ˾ǻȺʵѪҺһճ֭һɢ˵Ϣ˻ζ
ŪŴǣƺ˼Ҫ˭Ѫԡ
˶࣬ɱһҲǲ˷ֵģЩ˶Ǽ޹ʣһ˵ģҲ˼ǵǣرİȫ
Уǧ˴첲˵Ȼʲôа飬鶼ˡ
οһۣʶͷ
ǧƬŻصԭĵطѹ˵£кҪжˣҪ
ο㷢ڷдֽǰ鷢ãţж
֮󣬱ҵ˵ľݵ㣬ܽһ򾡡
ǧ֪ЩʲôЦŵͷҲ뷨ôպжҪһ򾡣
ε
ҹ
һĲҽٴһ˱նɱŸѪ
ԡѪֻûůˬУôҲѲһΣǧͷβδȥסۿ
Ϊ֪ȥҲ޲αظԼƽʹأ
װ֪װձʲôܽˡ뵽˴ǧƣȫȻ֮ɫҲżľս
ӹĺܿ죬գ۱㵽˵ա
ʱ䣬ΪæµҪΪС¯鱼ҪͣնɱѪԡó
ǰʱԾɱֵĺͰףȫ뵽Ķħ
һ죬ָǣһľӰ˵ϡ
ǲиһյĹͽľȫϣҵҵվһԣȴķԸ
ǳʱڣ׼ǰȥÿ۾ʱ򣬶ߴһϤŮ
ôһģȥĶǧͷЯֹȻͨʼã߹ʱԡһ⣬˶༫õĴ
Ųһ٣Ҳ΢΢һ£֮ƽ˹
˵ǧֵô˵ǲ˵𣿡
ҡͷǲ˵ʵ̫ƽҪȥͻأһٶС¯ǱĴ嶩ģھ͸͹ȥ
ЩӣһֱѪţȥͦӪģɫȴԽԽãҲԽԽݣԭȻеⶼûˣֻʣƤ͹ͷ
С첲Сϸģ·һ¾ɢܣ
ǽаǳֻմȾɱ˰ɡǧʶοȥͼ࣬ڿʱȫǵķ̣ڳЦ޴
֪ǵ뷨վԭأȴе㼱ꡣ
ǧ֪ڼ꣬Ц˵Ȼͷ͹ȥĸӦǺİɡ



1511 ôڣ

ѿڶȻġ
ǧһΣֵǲǵĸ壬Ȼ
˲俨ˣһʱ֪˵
ǿǴʦԵʲôܱȵģ
˵Ͼôˣ˵˵˵ԼûС
ӹµһת̽ԼС˼ȫȥҲʲô壬ǰ׻½ȽһɣҪȥˣǵʱֻ»Щá
ǧþգЦ˵ͿЩȥɣõʱÿ˵ȼȷǲõġ
һЦ̷
ûһʧ˵ǰʱҲ뵽լУʱͷֻʣǧͷΡ
˶һۣѸ׷ȥ
ʻٶȲǺܿ죬˺ܿ׷ȥĸں棬˼ȫڳ棬Բδڸ١
Ҳ֪˶ãһƬߵĵطͣ£ƬطһСľݣСľݿȥƾɵģһӹζ
ѻϣϷʵĺ
ȴоһһ˷ܵشּѾľ߳ЦӭȥʦѾС¯ȫˡ
гһΧ˲˿Ǿͽ¯ɡ
ͷԹؽļ̌˽ȥ
гһۣ£οص˵ͷι鱾д֮ܳұ㲻ϣܽ
ʦ㲻𣿡̧Щʡ
Ϊʦܾãȴû뵽ôҪˣŲ̶̼갡
ǰҪˣȥĵطˣɵúúС˵ţҲɢһĨ΢⣬лᣬһģɱʧ
һæԼ⣬ʦģһʧģٴεҶܳ
䣬ȭͷһ˿
мˣ䴽һЦ˸һƲľ⣬ҿ㡭
ʵҲ뿪Ūɵȱͦģɻ᳤˵ˣǹС¯Ѿ࣬㲻ٴطˣЩȥԴǼУƺʲô
ǻ᳤ȻҪأͦϲطġ
Ǵʦ󶼲ҪС¯𣿡ƣЩʡ
жһ͵ҪˣѾˡ
գգ۾ɻѾü̲꣬סҪѯˣʦһֱʣҪôС¯ʲô
еüͷһҲ·һʱĹأɱ䣬Щʲô
ܵɢɱһֻɱǿ޷ѣŴ̱꣬ڵأҾǺѣᡣ
нƺѰʲôѵĺۼɼŵվסҲû˵ѣֻ̫ˡ
棬Щ֪ġŤͷԶ˵
ͷҲ˵ˡ
صͷǰľӴ򿪣ɲǣһٶС¯ӳУÿС¯ǼõģҲɢһ˵⡣
վһԣЩʦЩС¯ɣ
л˵ͦõģҺ⣬ˣǳ֮ʣµСӣûȥúϰϣܳɹ
֣صؽСӽӹ񱦱һڻС
һ˦֣ҪľӶռָУʱ⴫һ춯İ˵Ϣ
˫һݣȻȥģʲôˣ
Ҳһطôô˹ʲôҰèҰɣ
δݲȵĽŲ󣬱Ǵű򿪵ǧַϣЦǱţǰ
˽˫ͬһҪʵ
ȴǵԲ˫Щŵؿˣɻ๫ôڴ˴
ǲӦլ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ѲɣǸ
ʶǣжݺݵؿ
̿ˮ˵ĿҲ˼֣Ťͷʵ˵ҸϵĹͣոջլû뵽طҲְܻ̿
ж򣬡ǶȻǸģʱôúÿΧ
ǺһŰףٿĪ磬Ҳû뵽



1512 ǵ˭

ЦһǧǵĿڿһݵ㶼Ѿ¶ˣҲ֪ղǻʲôԲˡ
Ժ¶ɱ⣬ǧͷα鲻䡣
ǧָ⣬ܺ˵ڴ˴ʲô㲻˵ҪȥС¯ô͵ˣ˭
˺ü⣬ȫѾڵ
ηվһ࣬һν
Ǹոǲʲô򴽣һӵʡ
ǧĿ⣬ںĿ£ڵһЩһ㽫С¯ˣһƵСӣȥае˭
˵꣬ǧָ⣬Ψ²ҵζ
ͺһסˡ
ȻȫˣҲˣǻôɵȻȫ˵˳
򴽰꣬ü֮Ҳһɱ֣ǻҩΣֻҪв棬Ǿ;Բ
뵽ͬҪȫɱ
еɱǺΣ
ܵǵɱ⣬ǧΣ壬̧ӭϵôţʲô˵Ĺɣ๫ûŵֹŹֵζ
װģһ£ſ˵йɺڰζ
һãȻ޴룬ȴǿҪըһ˫ζͣϬ񱦽ѾȾޱߵɱ⡣
֪˵ʲô𣿡нŷΣɱڲҲڲͣӿš
λδüɰ续·Զ볾һ㣬ڰζš
ȷʵšǧһЦŸͣɫƽȫûзϡ
мһ޿ֵģЩȻ
ǳͨȼȥҲͨϢǲͨˣ˶ĸ֣ôأ
ԼôոС¯Ȼ֣
ټϣںڰҲǱȽģôܱǵѹ
һܿȶǧǣҾã
ǧͷζһۣ޶á
ǻ㣿ǧЦһڰ߹
һ˲ըˡ
֪ѾصĹˣôҲδݣΪһȻܽݿ͸ܲԾ
нǰˣһʱɫе㸴ӣеɱȴҲŨˡ
ǾȻ֪ҵݣƿ꣬ͳ˶Һһ㡣
ǧЦ
վһԵȴЩըˣѵоȻǺڰˣ
ӦòɡôˣһֱûúǺڰ߹ˣ᳤ˡ
˵ʲôŴ꣬Сʵʲôкڰ߹ǿɱʦʦҲģ
ǧЦԼȥǵû
վԭأɫǼȻ֪ҵݣǾͱ뿪
ٴεɴ󣬺оȻǺڰˡôܣǳĴʦ
ôܣʦôܻǺڰˣǲǸˣͣ˵ţҲȫǲš
ǧǲδУֱӺͺжˡ
ûȻͳһֱֱϮȥ
Ǵˣ㶵ģЩš
оȻǺڰˡʱֻñײڶֻá顱һʲô䵽˵ϣΪǧǱƷˣһȻһΣͻȻЩ
ô
оȻ˵ϣɫʹǳŶӲʣһվվģ
գգ۾ţǲֻҩҲ΢һ㶷ô
Ծ
Ҳ˲Ծɴ˫󺰴ǵʲôˣΪλ
ĺǧЦЦò÷ǳһֱ㽫ϵαװЪ£ɲǣһžÿ¶ڿУҲ¶ںеС
þӣںɲɲǿϤ֮ӾͲĸˡ
ʱҲϵαװ˺£һſĮ˲䱩¶ɫķ˿ǰ״Įڵ˫һеһжƲĿ⡣



1513 

˷绪˾ޡ
ɺڿſ֮󣬺˲伱Ҳ˼ɵͺ¡
ģȻǧͷɷǵĴǺڰвȻɷˡ
ҪˡˣҲͬһ㶣ͨ˾Ȼܱ˾ޣʵţ
ǣʲôˣָǣʡ
ǧδش˫źУڣ֪ʲô𣿡
ǧʦΣȣͼΪԼһһǺڰв᲻ʶأ
еʶȻ֪ǡǧǳЦ˵㾿ǺˣڰҲ֪ϲʶء
˵ţǧֽϵժ¡
˲䣬һƽ棬ȴİǳӳС
ǧ߶Щź˵δԭ˰
з·ҵһ㣬Ц˵ǺڰкöˣҲв˻켣ڸ½УûҲΪûĶȥˡ
ǧһһݣڳЦûʶ
һϵѹѹôҧŴ꣬ŵò˵
ʱ·Ѿʲôʱ±Щ鸡˲٣˵һֱҪС¯ΪڰҪ𣿡
ŽĿͶϣЦǰǺڰڶ࣬ҪС¯ȻҲ࣬Ҳˣ㲻̫ϲͺڰ׷֮ұֻ֢ܶҩҪģңҲȡԼҪġ
˱òպյģһʱ侹ЩվȣΪǴʦû뵽Ȼġ
ǺڰˣԼȻںͺڰ˺Щνĳ֮Ҳ֪ǲġ
̿ˮЩקеӣʵôЩ֮أǲģ
нֵڴ䣬Цùǳ
ֻͷƤ飬Ķֱºûô򵥣֮Ҳûô򵥡
ʱΧ˲óĬҲһ˵С
ΪвῪڵʱˣɤɳƴ޾Ĺ죬֮Ȼġ
󣬻δɿúֵǡϾǽаĺܣô㳤أһһ㣬һһ꣬ȵ겻ڣͻԻ˵ķʽܳ𣿡
ͷһ¡
ˣ
ֻܶûκ˼Ļˣ

ΪҪΪ˼룬ֲˣ
û˵ҪΪ˰һݵȫŭ𣬡볤ԼҲϣһʼƭҶԲԣ
ûƭ㰡ְֻ취䣬㲻Ӧøл𣿡мٱЦ𣬡㲻ӦøлͲʧˡ
Դͣ
жٴЦ㵱ʱǺܿ𣿻ö˶ɱˣǵѪԡǵѪѾΪħ˰㿴ӣôô죬Ѿˣѵûз𣿡
Ŷ䣬ͣ˻
ǻˣǣֻҪɱЩ˵ģ֪࣬Բ
𣿡۾ٴοڡ
Ŵ꣬ȷֻҪһܱǰӰɡ
֪ЩʲôٴЦûõģڷѾʼ㲻Ҳҷɵʱʹǧڿҧˣܽʹ࣬ʹȥǰȫ㡣
˲źеĲӲţ㺦ҵģ㣬Ҫȥ
б۵˫ϣͻȥ˷ǳ
ǧͷվһ࣬ǹҧĻ档
̫ˣͣ£㶵һߣȫţôءģҿ϶Ҳɻˣһкöû
ĿɻˣԱˡ
ҲᡣԴ󺰴
ʱڵظãһߺУǺ죬üҲš
ҧģǧüͷһȥʵǽңʱˡ



1514 

нͷŤһߣ֪ʲôǲ˵ġ
Ǻڰڵľݵǧ΢΢ӣƽӣȴ¶Ȼ֮⣬ľ
̿ˮͻȻýӲ˼֣ܿŤͷ˵ͼҵĻҶԺڰҳϣȻǲġ
֪˵ǧҲܵƿ촽ֵҪôС¯ǺڰҪǺڰҲʼԼҩˣҪƼҰҩˣ
û˵ȴǻζͣ
ʵû뵽ǧȻ֪ô飬ȻƼҵҩ鶼֪
ҩȻƼṩǺڰҲԼƵҩܳȥԣС¯ǱģͽȥС¯
ɲǧȻһЦΪĬˣ֪ЩʲôҲ֪ǺڰҪС¯ҲҪҩ
ҧķȴ΢΢Щɶ
ǧοȥһֽۣĿͶϣڰ˵ö֮䵽ˣ֪ɺڰػкܶҪôأܣʲôô
ζĸˡ
ò˵˵ĲҲ˵Ŀȥˡ
ڰȷ־ҲעҪ군ǧֵڴ䣬ƻֻҪ㽫Щ鶼ңұ֤ܻ뿪֮϶߲ӵġ
ȻɴĿ⣬Ȼǧ˵ģϵ⣬·һӾܱ
£Ȼ˵ܷŹԼֻҪȫĶ˵Ȼ˺ڰᣬϧܻĻ˵Ҳû°ɡ
ڰ˿϶Ҳ֪İɡ̿ˮԺиͷէ֣ͷϸʴϮֱӳУҲ߲
ֻҪ˵ˣǾͻŹңдƣһеʡ
ǧע£˵ͷûֻҪʵ˵ұ뿪
оץסʲôһͷ˵˵ھ˵
ǧüһʾ˵ȥ
иҪſ˵һƿշǰȴϢܿʹ뵽еԴС
һ˲ɴһ˿ѪͷϻǰѸ£˲佫Ⱦ˶ģһѶǰ˲䱻ȵѪסˡ
ûŶãֱֱڵأҲѲˡˣĺܳס
ڣ
ǧŵϵʬ壬еڴ˿˲䱬붼û׷˳ȥɻһƬӰûƼոǰڵҲ϶Զˡ
뵽˴ǧս˫ȭŤ
ô
ڼȼͦߣҲ񣬿ɾڸղȻһоûУźбУԼǰ
׷ûӰ˾ͬʱֽԼĺûá
ʱ򣬷Ҳ׷˳ǧվͷȭͷϻΪĲı֪Щʲô߹ȥһסСȭͷʵҲû㲻⡣
ŵ֮ǧ󣬲ΣеһҲƺʧˣ㶼û
οѹصͷ
ǧһ꣬ʶԼȻ㶼ûǰڵʵǿڰг˾˭ǿأ
΢Ĵ˾Ӧûʲôܴˡ
ǧ󣬲Щ㵣˵ǰڵľȻ˾𣿿ô֪Ǹ˺У֪ǻʺУһֱǵ𣿡
һǧ⾪һ£嶼Щˣᱻ˼ӵĸоǺڰֻˣ
ɡƿ꣬Įж˼ֵƣȥҲмֲ
Ļʲô鶼Ҫ˾֪ˣǧҧΪĵ˵
򴽲е뷨ȴǺһġ
ǧ˫ȭɫѿģǴҵ飬Ȩ飬ȥڰˡ
Ѿָͷţȫ꣬ȥҺڰˣһʤġ
ǧһ΢΢
ҲãһʤڰĺȺ֮Իᱻ
ʱʵܲѪζ־úӸˣ͵ײײ˳Ÿܼ㱻ʲôˣһˤڵأͷ㶼ɢˡ



1515 ôڣ

һסԼڲϲš
Ҳɻ˵ģġɴ˫ڵ˫ڶкҲб
૵ֱֱĿͶǧϣҺֽŲõ˹ȥƵҩôһܾҵģԲԣ
ǧӸµһʱ侹Ҳûڡ
ͻȻ֣Ŭקǧ°ڣֵ㣬ȾҰɣҲһ㶼
ǧû˵ȴŤͷ˷ΣʵΣܾ𣿡
ҡҡͷѾʼҲմȾѾʼЩܾΣѾ췦ˡ
ǧϲκβ
ӲԲҲŵɪɪûˣҪˣ
һ㶼û𣿡ƿ꣬Сһ䡣
ƿ꣬˵ûȣɻҲֻʱѡ
һʱԴһڣιȥڵر
ɲǣϣżֱ֮⡣
ǧϲûʲôֵȻڣǵͲΣ˾Ӧóеνֻصױ˼ɡ
ӱŲʲôֻأֻܳԣԲҲܳΪˡ
뵽˴ѸٴӵҲ֪Ȼһլȥ
ײײӰǧһ´꣬ʲôû˵
ԼµͱԼȥ⡭ǧͷζһۣ뿪ط
ߵլӸǧŤͷһȻվլ⣬Ҷȥȴֲҽȥĸо
ǧԶԶȥüͷʵΣ֪𣿡
οܣˣɿ˵Ӧ֪ģȻҲ㿹ܣᡣ
ǧʶͷδ˵ѡӣǸӡ
ε˵ӵİɡ
ʱѾߵլſڣԶԶƼվͷܣ˫һȫǼӺϲãܶôͻȻˣ
ܽһʱ䲢
ȴδòףƿ꣬Ц˵վˣ˵ɡ
ܵ˫һֱߣվԭûжҲûиһۣ֪˶ܲŤͷղȥˣǲȥʲôС¯ˣ
Щ㵵ؿܣô֪
ļΪΣΪǲ֪ģĶҲѧԺУܻ֪
ڣǵ˫·ʲôѾ֪ˣ˸оһſˮӿ˼֡
ΪҲ֪𣿸ףܽ·￴Щʲô
ͼ㣬Ӳһܺµģ
ЦһȷĳЩ顣
֮һԼҲ֪˵ʲô
֪ٴЦŨŨʧЩŸѪ˲ģÿ¶һٶС¯ģ
ÿ˵һ䣬ɫͰ׼֣֪ԼӾȻѾ֪͸ٽƱĻ϶ʧġ
ɫ࣬ף֪Լ˵ˣһɫøѿףǲڸڰ˺
һȻɴ˫裬ΧҲһ䣬þĵģ·һضһ
ܶ˵ûкͺڰҪҡԼĿڣ룬һҪ޹ġ
û𣿡ЦС¯ô£˲ˣģô£ڼѪԡô£
ͷһҲ˲伱
֪ˣȻʲô֪ˡվһԵǧͷҲЩ⣬û뵽ܾȻ֪͸̲ʱ򳹵ױ
ܶҽͣĲǲǹͺڰģҲǱƭ˰æͣǺ졣
ȫ˵ġ
£ͰɡһŮǧͷ˲ǰ
ܲӲһ¡
֪ܲ˻ԱȽϾȣû뵽˻Ҳеˡ
λڴ˴ȹѯʡ



1516 ֮ǰϣǸɾ

ܵɻǧ˵ǰЩӹģΪе顣
΢΢šüǵӣҪǾԲܳƵҪ£Ӧþ˰ɡ
򴽣ʶ˼ۣͻȻ忪ʼҲʼ
ǣȫ֪˰ɣ
㸸׵飬ǻȽ˵ɡǧܱ仯ѹ̻һصϢ
֪شŵ˵ͷլڡ
ʱŴ꣬ɫѿĺܣǰͦǧͷεģ³⵵飬Ͳ֪ǡ
˹ӽΪץİѱֹˣֱ̡
Ѿûÿɻˣ
ҧֱ˴Уϵƻû
ȴǿˣʵܸߣ⵽ô𣿡
ǧһۣỺؽ˵ǰһУǺڰˣҲҪ̬׳С¯ڴ֮ǰȷ֪Ǻڰġ
һס˵ҵֻǱڰƭˣδڰкĻ¶һжˣ
ҲЩؿһۣû뵽˵û
ȥĻȴһˮǣ֮ʵҪû˵ѪԡƭˣɱǵѪԡʵǹ⼸ͷѾնɱˣǰȻնɱ˸࣬ûкͺڰģѾմȾѱɣҲ޷ͷˡ
һվԭأһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ΪЩʵ޷
ҲԭأвԼĸ޹ģǰƹһЩǲԼЩ϶ǻþǿˡ
£ǧͷζô˵ˣϿЦ
һеһУģ
ĸûмڰᣬһֱûѪԡѾմȾܱȺڰ˻Ҫ¡
ĸף׷ȴȾѪĸף
䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ治֪˵Щʲô
Ŵ꣬ͻȻ񷢷һ㣬ֻ볤ѣʲôЩ˶µģҽɱҲûʲôΪҪ˴С֣
Щȵؿȫû뵽ԼҸ׻޳ܣڸġ㾹Ȼ֪ڸģʧҵĸһǫѷˣңΪʲôӣΪʲô
ԼͷЩִЩ񣬡˶ϲҲȻҾ׷֮ǸܶദЩˣѵ𣿶ңҲԽ̸㳤֮ǸԶˡ
ˣͺȣŤͷǧʵǧ˵ҸױˣΣ
ǧ˫࣬ɻˡ
һٶס
Ȼɻˣôᡭǧ͵պе˼ǣ𣬿Ծܹжͱ˴ͳϵĳ
һɣͨˡ
ԭνĳǺڰһʼºôһ壬Ϊ˵õС¯óĽ˭뵽νĳֻĲꡣ
ڰܵõС¯ҲܵõˣһôѪ׬
ɫӵؿۣƣף̫Ϳˡ
ȻڵأҲ˵һ仰Ҫ˰
̱ܶڵϵһʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôףǲǸĻˣȻѾʼɣϣɻ֮ǰǸɾġ
ٴμǸ˵ˣѾʼѪԡĻҵȫۣۻɻ֮ʱѾɱˣɱкηҲϣʹģɣ
ڸģüͷʧ
ǧЦһ㻹ԲİȻɱˣԡѪ˵Ͳˣ
ͻȻǣǣҲ֪£Ͳʹ࣬ΪʲôҪΪʲô
Ъ˹ȫ˱ϡ
ǧ޳ܸסˣ㻹޳ܡ
ͻȻһ᲻ֱ˹ȥ
΢㶣̽뷿䡣
ζŻеĿ£ڳž˵⣬ûεĻֻ»ᶯ֡



1517 ʼ

εıˣǧЦų˳ε°ڣôˣһӣ
δһĿľ˼֣˶ָֻŵӣεˣֻ»֡
һ˵ţ˵Ļȴ˼Ϊůġ
ǧһ䣬Ṵ˹Сָ⣬ʲôһҪɻ˵˼ƽˡ
ͬ𴽰꣬׻һ΢ȴָֺܿƽ
ʱ򣬰úܴӷ߳ȫƣ֮ɫǧͷεʱһǸԲ𣬸ոҸ˵Ļϡ
ǧܵĿ⣬˵û£ǲὫЩϵġ
һʱ˿ڻеǳֳǧǿȥʱ򣬾ѾҸ׵ĲԾ𣿡
ǧûʲôʵڵǵģһۿʱ;Щ֣ԣŻ˴̽̽û뵽Ȼش顣
󣬲ЦڵĽҲ˼֣ȷҸ׿ȥȷ֣ˣҲᱻȨ֡
ᱻвʲôǧ΢΢һԺȻҲ֪
ֵܴ˼֣ǵģǰЩңܾǸʱ򿴵ҸԡѪеİɣδἰ
ǧգգ۾ʶοһۣͻȻһͷԺлֽĿͶϣܣ뿪ѧԺȥ˷ѧԺΪ㸸׵°ɣ
΢ͷٴεʹ֡
ģǧеǸͷ͸Ũ˼֣вˣǲѧԺͽ㸸֮ԡѪ˵ȥ
Ȼ̧һӾͺǧ˫ˣҧ˫ע¿ˣǵģвңҲŻѧתѧԺ
ԭˡǧ°ͣ˫֮Ҳ΢΢˼֡
ԭƣΪҪѧԺѧԺô
£õ˴𰸣ԭȨץסҵİѱΪ˱ҲűȼѧԺűȱȨв
ΪǴģ䷢չȥʰ
ԣܵǺܺáҲ뵽ʲôһͻȻЩ˵飬ǲǻܻͷ
ǧû˵ŤͷΡ
ζĿ⣬תĿͶϣǸʱѾմȾ޷ͷˡ
ͻȻסԼͷ˻Ϊʲô
ϵͺţѹ֣˫죬˶ݡ
ˣֻǿһۣͽĿջˡ
ǧĿͶϣ˵ÿ˶Լѡ㸸ѡ֮ҪΪ˸ۣ޹أһжѡ񡣡
󣬴΢ţһʱᾹȻ˵һ仰
ҲãĻеֻһʱԽܶѡ
ʱͻȻܹ˵ү²ˣūżȥһۣǲˡ
󣬲ס
ջͽ˷ôһͲˣ
ʲôˣܳ˫šüʡ
ǱĿһһּΪ˵Ŀ⣬ҲҴֻʵ˵үūƭ㣬ղǹȥʱ򣬾Ƽһֱڵͺ𣬱ʹ࣬ڲϿϵƤһѪӿģʵڿ¡
˵ţһӣ˿̻µġ
ٴŴ꣬ͻȻЩõԤУһɣͻȻ̧ųڵȥ
һӴھʣǧͷˡ
վԭأ۵С۵ģܿǧͻ˵ǿʼ˰ɣ
δǳǳĺǳǿʼˣҪȥ
ǧ뿪ķ򣬺ܿͷȥɡ
䣬˱ȥȺܿ㵽ˡ
Ϊ̫ԵʣŲδϣúܴ󣬲Ÿովſڱ洫һҽʹ࣬ͷƤʼˣ⵽ɵǶôĿ¡
˲δվ̫ã̧Žȥˡ
ŸһȥһŨѪζͳڱǼ⣬ѪζʣȻǸողµģǧüһȥ㿴˸ΪѪȵһĻ
ʱһСϸϵļûһϾͶ˲ѪۣЩѪۺɼ׹ǣ
ǧˣ˲ͷƤ顣
ⷴɵǿµĽȻ۵ĶҪԲˡһԵʵûа취㽫еСȥ廨



1518 ȡ᣿

֮ûԲеΪǣɺʹ࣬ڲ˻ţĲҽݵ˵Ķƽ
ܣҷſҺܡһ˻һ߲ϰܣֻҪܹʹʲôԡ
ҡͷᣬҲὫſһſҪԲˡ
΢Ŵ꣬ɳƣǣĺʹѾʼ˱㲻ͣ£ĸװӦòұʹĥģ԰ɣ
Ȼǲģʶ˵ͷ
ͬһһͽҷſԡѪкòãܻϵʹ
Щʧؿף鶼ֵزˣΪλѪΪλڸģ̫ʧˡ
ѳݣİʧǣʧҲʹ𣿡
ҧ꣬һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ǧͷվһԣЩԺҲø
ܣĺʹٴ˻˫ȴͻȻ˷񣬡ɱòãֻҪɱˣҾͲôʹˣܽˡ
Ȼȫǲţ˵ʲô
ǿԼĸףôܶ֡
Ϊ̫ˣ˼㽫һԵĻƿƵڵء
ҵĸףǲ߱ġ̿ˮ̱Լ뷨
ǣĺܣɱòã󣬡Ͼͻɻ˵ģһﲻ𣿡
Դٴ˻
ʵܲˣŤͷܳ䡣
ķ¶ܿ㷢ǧͷΣ˫һץסʲôһٴ˵ǣɱɣʵܲˡ
˴Դӵؿ
˼ҶӶû֣Ƕʲôְ
ĶˣܻǸ˺ˣ
ǧ̾Ϣһ˵ԲҪǶȻǲˣϾܲĺӣȻûж֣Ǿ͸ûʸˡ
ɴ˫ٴʵܲˣǽɱɣˡ
ǧҡҡͷûҪֵ˼
˻Уǧͷλ˳
ǵıӰٴ˻
һҶ֮У絽һֱںУһֻ˷ҰޣŪ˶Ļ̻̣Щк£ѾܵüˣȥҪΪһյլӡ
ܶ״ȴ⣬ÿŷ볯ȥ
ӵ飬ͨˣǣ˻κζӣɱòãܲˡ
ȫ··Ͽҧţ۵϶ģ˫ܣ·ֻҪ˵һ֣Ҫƴ
ҵĸסãǳ˿ڡ
ΪǸףԲᶯ֣
֮⣬ٴεɴ˫ǳĲġ
ܽϣת뿪
ߴͷ˫ֱţͶá
״һֱֳ졣
һֱںţΪ֮ݣÿҲ˯ãȫǺȦɫǲҰֽ
ô죿
ʵ²֣ٵȥʹ֣ʵȥˡ
ɣǧͷҲûлȥòʱֻܳѯʵǧʦҵӦô죿ôʹʵڲģǣϾҵĸף֣
߱Ǳ֪
ǧĦָ⣬˵ɵζȷܣҪ㸸ߵòôʹֲ֣࣬ǵʱΪ͡
ܵβһǴͣ
ǧںصͷǰ㲻ֵĻǾֻǴˣǲǴֻͣܵɻ֮ˡ
Ҹʲôʱɻˣѯʡ
ǧŤͷΣͬɻ
ζĿ⣬˵죬Ҳһ꣬꣬ûй̶Ĵ𰸡
һšüͷٴ˳Ĭ
쵹ãҪһ꣬߼꣬Ҫ
Ҳʵ޶ԣǿĸװȡᣬҪԼ˵һ䣬ŽĿƿˡ
ǧʶܣҲںȡᡣ
ܽƣ˽ս֮УӦΣ
ĿĥɸӲĿɱ


1519 

ɺĥȣɱõĽѡ
ΪʹˣǸģ϶Ҳ뱻ɽɡƬ̧̣еĿɬ˵ǣҵĸɱɣҲʹˡ
ǧοȥһֽۣܿĿŲãȻҪǱȫ㡣
ֻеǿʯͷˣҲúܷɣҧŴϵ˵ллǣҴҸллǡ
ǧڰ֣ⲻǾ֮ͶѣͲֵһᡣ
ٴν뵽䣬ǧţȴֱʹĥнŲֻ̧һͷٴγʹУó
ף֪ʹ࣬ԣοǳ֣ܵõˡ˵ЩʱлЩɬɬģɺܿȴָֻ˹
仰Ժ˫ʱһһ˻Ƶ˵ððҽѰɣܲˡ
㿪ģܵиǲζˡ
ЩͨҲˡ
ǧ붯ְɡƿ꣬ǧ˵һ䡣
ǧȡСϵĶذףɲǣһıйâۼֿһ
̣Ѫûʲôʹ࣬ͱ۾ȥˣϾȻ΢Ц
˸ˣеĿɬ˲٣ҸףȻЦ
ǧͬһۣǰȥʱܰꡣ
ллǡٴεлۿȴЩģȴƴû
ǧͷζһۣ֪ܻٴһʶȤ˳ȥ
֮ʽˣܴɥ˼Ϊֽ࣬С¯׬ĲֽҾȥϣòܳԱҲϣԴܹǼ֣Ҫڵܿѡ
һ֮ҵ͸һˡ
ǧͷҲ׼ѧԺȥˡ
ɵǸߵſڣӭͿ˹ѾƽյĴţһҪԶŵӡ
ǧüЩؿһۣܣҪԶţ
ŸոᣬӦڼТ
ܽǣһֹģ
ǧ鲻ԣѯʵ˵ʲô
һ´꣬˺һſ˵ѧԺȥһұҪȥ
࣬ǧҲʶ˵¶ȻҪüٴʳǺҪ𣿡
Ŵ꣬ſ˵ǵģºѧԺйϵϸ˵ҲҵĲԣȨҵвңֻЭֻܴѧȥѧԺңŽѧϰ彫ѧѧԺϢ
䣬̴ͷһһڷ죬˱üΪΡ
ǧĻԺҲ΢һ£û뵽ȨȻôͿʼˣΪ˻ͣһʱء
ʲôʱ飿ǧ΢΢üһ䡣
Ҳûܵ˼ǵѧԺᱻܣһҲġ
΢һ£Ϳ˵ǰɡ
ȻѾ
ǧһüͷһ壬Ҳ֪ѧԺôˡ
üͷţܵиӲˣԴֵҲãҽסȨвЭˣѧԺΪ䣬ⱲӶᰲĵġ
£Ѿڳ¼Ҳƿһǣ˿Ѿη壬ҲٱȨвˣԣҪֹȨΪԼΪ
˵ǧЦ֪Σ֪ѧԺױܣ汻ܻƵǶѧԺ𣿡
һ΢㶣ʶ˵ͷ
ǰʶѧԺϣԲᱻС򵹣ǳģ
ҪٱȨ֧ˣҪ̹Բκ۵㡣
뵽˴ƣˣһȨ˶ϡ
˵ǧ˫΢΢𣬵ҲȨ˶ϣһֻãǺȨЩ˹ţһ취ͲܼQ
֪˵ͷá
֮˱̸Ĵ½߾
Ź˼ʱǲŵִһ·ϣܱЩȥѧԺˣÿ˵Ը˵һһһ㶵ġ
ԭˣԸ˽ˣȥѧԺ͵͵ָ˰ɡǧ˵
ܶӨ͸˫ܿ˵ͷɡ



1520 ˶

һ֮˱뵽ѧԺС
ѧԺͬһ֣ѧһǧǹھʢЦݣŷǳ顣
ǿһԵԺеЦ˲˼֡
Զ޷ǣǰܴŷѧԺٴƣԴǵ˵ҪѧϰǸŵģݺݳ鼸£
ǰѧԺѧأǰǣ˶ĵĺܡ
ѧǲܵĿ
ܣȻˣϴεĽѧϰͱʲô۶ӣ
ǰں
ҲǣҲ뿴ˣһ׼ûʲô¶
ǧʶܿһۣû뵽ѧǾȻˡ
ڽӴǧͶĿܵͷ΢΢£Ҳ΢΢һȦȥΪΣǿƽѧϰѧǶҵ̬Ⱦͱģˡ
ǧһ£ǿƽѧϰ
ʶͷ˵ȨǳǲȥҴȥģǣѧԺʣµĵҲûʲôģȨŻ޼ɵ
ǧһ鲻΢ͦİѧԺī裬Ⱦôᱻװ۸ȥ
ôεĽѧϰȾͷͬ⣬ѧԺ˸޷óѣȾȻӭǣڰźôһ壡
ͻȻãѧԺˮǺġ
΢ܲѯʵôˣ
ǧЦҡҡͷûʲôǺȻȾԺͦģôôѧԺԿأҲǹǽѧϰ뿴ǵʲôϷ
һҲסˣܿ췴Ӧ˹ҲǧĻŲɣӡȾȷλԺôССļƲأ
ͻȻӦҲ뽫ƾͼưɡ
֮ͨеļɫҲɢȥ࣬ʵڸô죿
ȥȾԺ˵ɡǧ°ͣ˵һ䡣
̵ͷ
վһ࣬Ҳ鼫Ϊ⡣
˿̣ȾڴУһ΢һָֺܿ˳ɫЦȻǳҲ˼ֵ٩֮⡣
ôһˣȾٴЦУȥĶˣ춼ûӰҲûô˵һ
ǰ仰˵ģ仰ǧͷΡ
û˵ǧЦſ˵ʵҲûʲôǾȥ׻½ȥҹһȦ
ǰ仰ûʲô仰Ⱦһ£ˣʵȥʲô
ǵʲôİôͻȻǰȥǺī˵Ļйذɣǰȥˣ
֪ȾʲôǧһЦ𴽽ǵǵȷȥˣ鵽һЩ飬ܣ㲻˵ɣ
˵䣬ǧŤͷܿȥϾҵˣЩҲþͬС
ҡҡͷʾԼûʲô¶ʾ˵ȥ
ǧʼ磬˵ɣҾ˵˰ʵīϴεĻûдȷ⣬ڰƭˣгϵĽǽҪѪԡһմȾѪнļӳ֣ܷɣѾܷˡ
Ⱦһ£Ľܳ𣿡
ôᡣǧЦֻû˼Ļˣˡ
ȾȻԭˣģ
ǧܿһֵۣΪʲôѧҲ֪ˣΪȨвǲѧĻͻὫҵ鶶¶ɵСΪ˼еӦˡ
Ⱦһٴסֿܶܣû뵽Ϊҵ²ѧģһ룬Ȩ޳
ӴǵĿ⣬ܲͷÿһں죬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô
˵СӸǹǸʲôҪңٴνѧԺ𣿡Ⱦߣûаɿڵ˼
ܶĿ⣬ʶҡҡͷǵģҵѾֻȨ˶϶ѣʲôģͲ󡣡
˶ϣȾЦЦضüëһ
ٴδͷĲУҲ֪˵ʲô
ǧܿһֽۣĿͶȾϣǰЩѧԺڽѧϰЩɶǷѧԺļܾùⲻȥŸһͬ
Ⱦʶܿ˼ۣûñһҲ˼ֳŪȴֺܿƽϢȻ֪Щѧ⣬Žƾͼǽ뿴ǵŪʲôϷ



1521 ׵

һǧȻһЦ
ȻȾ֪ģ鿴ú
Ҳ˲ɣ˵лЩѧǵѧϰģǼ
ЩԺȾüĿչܵĿҲûǰĳŪԭǹ۲쵽ЩǼǰæˡ
ܴЩ޵ݣһжҶѣЩӦġ
ǺǡȾЦЦ㲻˵
ȵ֮Ⱦ׼Щȫʱ֤ݣȨԹԷˡ
뵽˴Ⱦ𴽰Ц
ڰܲ
˿̣˾бӣڿϣ΢΢üͷǰѲڡ
ɫϻǰⲽŻ棬ʥޣѪһƲл̧꣬дżУ˵˾㵽ʲôʱְҿȲˡ
˾еҹⱭЦ͵Ȳˣ
ɫϻͣ½ŲüΪİĿⶢȻھõԼڸ½޷ǧûʹ࣡
˾üһ˵ȷ޷⡣
ɫϻ鲻ͣ˵ЩеûģǵļƻʲôʱʩУʲôʱܵõԼ壿
ˡ˾ƿȻһЦڴţа񣬡æŶԸȨֵĺûᡣ
ɫϻ۾һרעһµʱǷʱ򣬵ʱǱܽǧץ˾Ǹļаء
л佱˾Ц˲
ǵʱҪȥæ𣿡ɫϻŴǣȫ֮⡣
˾һۣͻȻ˼ּƽϣɰֵĻǶȻԷ֣ͦõġ
һһ̶ܿˣ֮󣬺ɫϻĴ½߾Ż
ʱǧȫ֪ǵļƻ
ǧȫ˼ȨϣֻҪץסİѱҲ÷ѧԺգҪľҵõϢ
֮ǽڰҲ٣Ǳˡ
ȨֻһССϰںڰǱ쳣־սˣݣ
뵽˴ǧ΢΢սȭͷ⣬ĳּᶨ֡
֮һֱڹעǼûκжɹ˶ãǽˣȫСĻš
ȫ֪ǵѾ¶һֱڱ˶š
ҹѧԺļˣţСȥǻﻹһҲ֪ʲôͼǼΪı¿ˣаĽ
ûһǱſڣǸ뽫ƿͻȻ뵽ʲôһһΧûǱ˿ƿ˽ȥ
֮ǱĽյȼɲǣڱյ˼֣ǿΧһУǲ˼ֹ֣
Ҳ֪ԺΪҪѧԺȻǷֶ
˭֪أѧԺҲŵĺܣ͸øǳԵѵ
УԺ˵ֻҪǽã͸һԴԴĺܣ˵һҲ㹻ϲˣ˵һˡ
ǰģֻҪ¾ͳˣȻеԲѧԺ
ֹ䣬Ѿѡ˸õطǲ˫֣һ۵ĵط
ĳܵеĻš
ңôһ˵ҲʼĻˡ
֣Σ˿϶ᷢģⶫһҲֻΪѧԺŵģûκιϵ
ûκιϵҰοʱһżڽŮ
Ĳһ¡
ˣ
Ȼˣ
ûǷӳ֨߹촫ĴžȻˣӭ澹Ȼ˼ʮˣѧԺѧΪ׵ǧǡ
ϽЦЦģ·ڿʲôЦС
Ǳˣǵ˫ֲһÿ˶ر
ôΪʲôͻȻ
ⲻ̫ԾǲǶϢ
ɣͺרŹ˵һôܡһܹأȫû¶ʲôţҲûκ©ôᱻץ
һպյģһٴеģǧһôһ³ӣУǸղڴзʲôʲôµණɣ
Ǳǵһ˵ʲôණؽƱʲôණǲ֪ɱǰ׵ģ



1522 ס

ǧرЦ岻ףҲ˵㰡
ȻߣˣҧŴ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ģо൱飬ѧԺ˼ˣֹҲ˼ɫ
ЩǷѧԺˣ͵͵ڣȻʲô顣
˵νѧϰװɣû룬ѧԺ˾ּ֮
ǣŻأȾԺǻ֪ܿһϷ
ѧ˵ţü޹⡣
ѾСˣȴ֪뻢ڣֱֱƼȥҲ֪ǺãһƼڴеĶҪ군
мɵٴγƱֻƶѣδκ飬ɼ
ֹǧЦȾҲЦѧЦø޼ɵ
ǧδ˵Ⱦ˿ΪͳҪʱԣҪҹ˯ʱԺ̵ǵģ
Ǵ΢ţһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
һģѧüһٴֹ
ģȻʲô˵顣
Ǵڲضˣǣ
찡Ҳ̫˰ɣǲӦҴڶʲôУ
ѧ˵䣬ȾѾ˽һ飬ܿһͻĵطһɫģ滹һЩϢһ֪ʲôŹ֮ſµĽ
ѧ΢㶣̽ѳĶ˵ϣԺҵźܿµӣǲҴ򿪡
ǻ˵꣬α䣬ɲǣһƷ紵ȻҲˣĶɢһأһЩɫƿƿ޹ޣɸһɹŹϢ˼ɵǳ
⵽ʲôôа񣿡
ͻȻиͷ渲ǵϢںڰİɣ
һѧǲһݣȫٴβֽŸǱ˱ˮ֮һ㡣
ʲôڰϢǱ˵ǲ԰ٴα粵
ǧǹЦǾСһ
ȷһϢڰģʦ˵Բ԰վһԵīͻȻŤͷѯʡ
Ŀ󣬷η䣬˵ȷǺڰϢûǰͺܺ£ӦҲ֪İɡ
һǾˮһʱ侹Щ
ˣ
ıˣԷǴʦǾƱҲǲеİɡҧŴ꣬һʱüΪ񱻲޼мסĿСһǲ˫ղ԰׵ĺܣǣЩĲǵģҪǰ
⻰һ˵Ц
ǧƿ꣬䵭Ŀ£ѩɽϵıѩǵģѵǲɣ
ǾͱˣȨԸİɣʱͻȻȺм˹ޱ˵֪Ȩ֮һʽף⽻ȥѧԺұ㲻Ӳܡ
ܵǷ׷׽ĿͶ˹ȥҲ˲˼顣
ȫû뵽ܻͻȻ棬ǷѧԺǰҲ⣬ҽǴ
ΪȴͻȻǳѲɡǴ˿飬һɵģһֱСͨ籨Ŷ֪
һʱ֮䣬ñĿ⿴ܣȫǶͽ
ܣû뵽㾹Ȼ˷ѧԺ
ѧԺ㲻ΪʲôҪǣ
ܣǿˡ
ǲ˵ţڵֻ
ѧԺѧǼˣԭأ⵽Ƿʲô˰ȻܽǶ¶ģ
ԣȾڷѧԺļ
Լ찡ʲôľ飬ǵúúһ£
ⲻǱѣֻǽʵ˵ѣȨкöҪһܵ˵ţȫκεӰ졣
Ƕһۣȫ֪˵ʲôɱѾǱѣ޷ԭ£ܣ𳶿⣬ѾǱѣǷѧԺǲԭġ
ʼ磬ȫûǵĻϣԭ±㲻ԭ°ɣ¹ҲٻطѧԺ
㡭ᡣ
ȻǱѧԺˣɶ񰡡
һֱŤͷȥͽ
ˣǧЦһνӣη尡ȻˣǱ㽫ǴѧԺԺ˵˵¶׸ô졣
һ˲亦ˡ



1523 ̫û

ûɺãȨƼָôˡ
ˣ潫͵ǰǵģ϶Ʋϵ
ʶ˲Ծæǿ˵ܱܲ͵ԺǱȥԸ̫ãʧܶǣǵġ
ǧúЦǰļˣղŲһνڵ֪ˣԣȨָʹǸɵģ
̿ˮһŵͷǵģԺǽطŽģ˵ֻҪⶫŽȥ˶֪ѧԺͺڰṴᣬʱѧԺͻˣʣµıֻǷѧԺһҶԺ˵³֮󽫻ΪһԴЩԴǺñȻĶ˴¶
ǧšüǣԭҲ֪°
ͷ֪֪
֪ȨΪλƿƿ޹ޣǧǣ˫
һʱ֪˵Щʲôһǲſ˵ĳطõİɣҲпܣ˺ڰᣡ
һƶпܣ˫ģģȻǼ˺ڰᣬȻôĶҲֻܵ˹ƻ󣬷Ҳ飬ǷŹǰɣ֪ˡ
ŹȻǿԵġǧ˵һ䣬ֻҪȥѧԺָȨУ±ҹȥˡ
棿ǵ˫
֪֪֮򲻹ǧǱϢˡ
ȻģƭʲôǧЦʢ˼
˵ȥȨɣǶúָϵģڡ
ǧһЦ
ķᰴһ£ȫǳ֮ɫ
վһԵȾǾͿ챻Ϲ۾ˣ˵ĺ
߰ɣȥѧԺǧ䣬βš
ܿһ˱ƺƵѧԺȥ
ʱȨкȲ裬ΪѾˣ϶ЦݣȫҲŷ˼֡
ûãһҵĽŲȥңӦвˡ
ȨüͷɫҲѿ˼֡
ôˣ˭ͷߣ
ûйˣ
ȨһһҲĸһƿ̳꣬ͷ𣬵˭ߣ֪ҪϢûأ
꣬ЩŲȻûɢȥԽԽˡȨһؿЩôûأûɫ
ûȨߵſһ̽ķžͱһ߿Ȩһ£ðζûлЩ֮Ȩŵɴ˫֪ػ
Ⱦô˹ʲô˼ȨȾǣŭЪ
ɵǼסļһܣͻȻһ£ֲõԤҲܿȫ֫ͷƤ顣
ʲô˼㲻𣿡ȾȨһЦ
ȨŴ꣬вõԤٴμƲĿ⣬ȻҲ֪˵ʲô
δȾڣǧ˫ֻأһؿڵˣ˵㲻֪㿴⼸˺ʲô뷨
˵ţǧ⼸ǰһƼȨȨԺǷŽմкڰϢĶѧԺеģһҪΪ
ȨɫͻȻһףû뵽ЩѧȻô׾йˣֱûһΪߵѪԣʵѿĺܡ
ʱʲôȨ̳ԼƲ塣
֪˵ϲûоȣϵĳŪŨˣԺƲϵ뽫ȫƲͷ𣿡
ֵͦҲ˯Եѧˡ
ôѧԺңѧǵ˯˲ȥһķ߿
ҹģѧԺ𣿡
ѧԺһֱţû뵽ǾȻڴҹǰңûйˣ
ǰ̫ˣģ
ѧ˵ţеԣһҪȥǴһһɵǿһԵʱסˡ
ô£ôվһ𣬻һѺõӣ
絽ôˣִʲô
ѧһʵУǧѹ˵ӴѧԺѧˣãǶԺĶаɣ˷ָ
ѧȴһĨŭɫ˵ԺʲôУ



1524 Ʊ

ӡȨǸˣҲǸԺôأ
ȻѧԺʵڿɶĺܣ
뵽˴ѧߣеķҲ˼֡
еķ̣ǧ˫ֻأȻǵĺԺƭЩѧ£кڰϢĶѧԺĴУ֮󣬻ƲϵƵЩѧϡ
һǷ׷׸͵ûȨ뽫ƵϣղһֱƲ壬װͿʵ˷ָ
ǣǲŵĻܣȥѧϰġ
ԶԶԣܿ϶֪ġ
һԵѧ˲䱻סˡ
кڰϢĶƭѧȥã
ºȻϣƲϵĻȨ񼫡
ӡУȨһֱԺԺֵİſˮܿȥʵܹӣ˵Ժģ
ѧεĿ£ͷģȨһֱѧԺεĽѧϰ¼ҲģĿģԼ˻ѧԺУʵʱڽкڰϢĶѧԺУԴˣѧԺ䣬𡣡
ܵ˵Ļȴ𾪲ѡ
ܶô˵ˣѵȨ飿
ǣкڰϢĶڰṴһɣ
ѧĵûףȴǾǿȨǸˡ
Ȩˣ΢΢һǱǣܺЩѧˣǵĿľ÷ѧԺǧǵóѡ
˵ĺܴر޳ܣ
ոջڶҡѧ˲䱻Ȩ˵ˣûӦԺѧԺƻȻˣĻҪǷѧԺ̲ˡ
ǧǶ챻Цˡ
ȾȨϵ˺ۼȨû뵽㾹޳ܣֲܺͺڰףΪһֱǺɫġ
ף
ȨȻͺڰף
죬һ£ǲǹ˺ڰ
ʱվһԵĶųȥˣ̳ʲôиڰףԺһֱǺɵˣôܺͺڰףǿɱĨ
ȨĺͺڰˡһֱͻȻվǺ˫գŭ˫Ϊ뱨ҵˡΪ±Ҹϳһֱܲģžһ𡣡
ôˣȫڰնɱҲ°ȥ·Ȼ˫Ѫһе׶ΪȨӦȥҷĹǰڡ
ЩϢͺܴˡ
˵ǸңȻң¾Ȼ˵ңѵҵˣȾµ壬ˣ
ټǿ˵ȨǿǵԺѵҲˣ
ѧ𾪵ͬʱͻȻǲ˵ѣΪȨоһ֣˲ࡣ
һУǱҵˣԣôڲŷ֣
뵽˴ѧǿȨĿҲ΢˶Դ˼ã׽˭˭˭ϳıϳǱʮĴ¶ᱻ
ɴ˿ɼȨƷûбáѧɵĿ⣬ȨҪѪû뵽һС¾Ȼҵ˵ֹˣȾȻûֹ뽫ҵ鹫
Ȩҧס˫һʱ޴ӷ
īȴҲǱһ£Ⱦ¾ȻˣǸң
ֲһóôһƷƶƳģ˹Ȼͬ죡
ʱ˵ĿⶼڿȨʱȴô΢
Ȩͷһ£ɫɲǱѿǣˣҲϳˣʲô֤֤Ҹڰнףû֤ݣͱ˵
䣬ȨһţڰύļΪΣȻᱻץסѱ
ڼƱţĻҲͦе
Ҫó֤Ȼһж޹ģ
޳ܵȨǧЦĿɭ
εͬɽϵѩþò
֤ݣܶͻȻһȻ֤ݵģ֤
ָǼ
ͦͦأһҪٱе׵ļơ
Ȩ˫̾ͷе㲻ˣܣɱ˵˵ǸҺ˵ҲὫҵ˵



1525 ԭ

ⷬв˫Ҳ䰵ü˼֡
ԭΪܻԹЭһ仰Ҷԣȫ͹ܵľġ
ֻܹЦҲһƳŪһֱҵвңһΣҲԸˡ
δȨӦܵٴδ˹ͷĵڶҪ֤ݡ
һȨ˲Ѫɫȫޣָ⣬ٴηͺ˵˵ڶôܻ֤ݣûУȫûУǿɱ
䣬ȨͱȥҪڶ
ǧˣֹȨľٶȨֻͲǧĶ֣һӾͱߵһԣϥغա
ЦһٽڶӴ򿪣ɲǣһŨҵϢںڰϢ˶ķǳ
顱һǧЩմкڰϢĶڵϣһЩƿƿ޹ޣɫģȥΪа
һصƿƿ޹ޣѧǵٴα΢ȨɫҲ԰
ˣıˡɫ죬ǧ˵ȨЩ㷿ѵģڴҵһ㻹ʲô˵
Ȩ䶯Ŵ꣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
޷Ʊˣ𣿡ǧȻһЦ
վһķҲ䵭ˡ
Ȩ㻹ҪٽƱ𣿡ȾȨ絶
ȨǣһԿڣɽģͻȻĿͶϣЦа񣬺Ҫһơ
ãЩҵΣǾ͸ɾ֪Ϊλᱻã
ЩڼӳЩණģҲڼӳڰףȻˮõϣڳ˶еߣǷѧԺѧ
ǶȨȻ˼֣ԼͺڰףֽˮõܹϰܹӵĶǵˣ
ǰΪֱԺû룬㾹ȻڰףͰˣ㾹Ȼڸġ
˺İ
ѧǲ˵ţڴŨŨߡ
ȨûоһͻȻЦǿеܹӣǸʵȺܹӣҲںͺڰṴڰҪС¯Ҿ͸С¯ΪڰһĽ
һѧǷ׷ԭء
Ľ
ȻҲ˵ģǳͱ½ֹˣȫû뵽ڰᾹȻ˽ţֹˣȻгϵֿ˼
Ϊ˳Ȼ͸ڰС¯ڰźڰ׳
뵽˴ѧǿܵĿҲ΢ͷ·ʵڿʲôʮһȫŭ⣬ͺ⡣
˵ʮģҸʮ⣬ɱ֮죡Ȩƿ꣬ٴһѻ
ѧŭĿӣͻȻѯʵܹǣ˵ǲģĸڰС¯Ľ𣿡
ܴͷɫЩѿҲ֪˵Щʲô
ⷬӳѧУٲȻͳ飬Ҳ˵˳֮Ҳڰ˲С¯һҼ
ܣѾ֪ԼҸˣȻʵ˵ţٲȻͳ˰ףߣЩԽܡ
ܣ⵽ǲģѧǽܣʵ
ҧŴǣǲ˵
£˵ɡǧͻȻվ˿ڣȷ˳֮ʱ򲢲Ǻڰˣϸ˵ҲֻǱƻ˶ѣʹڣ˳аѾ⵽˷ɣѾȥˣ˵ܣнȡַǣ˷ҲΪպҲὫóٴ
ǵģһֱգ˫ֵҲҵĺӣӣҲ﷽ʽȥ
˵ʱģϣѧεգҲ˻ˡ
Ѿˣϵڣǻȥﰡ
˰ɣ֪ܸĪɣܹѾˣٲƣֻЩá
ǰܹѾܺˣĺͿ¶ѣѾˣҲһɡ
ѧеķŭȥҲ
ȨˣҧҧǵôˣˣǾȻԭ
ѧû̬Ҳû𾴡
Ȩڸ֮ˡǧŤͷȨš



1526 ֪

ȨӰȻһǧڳ˼ɵ
ǵ飿ʲôȨһɣкʲôڷš
ǧû˵ǳһԵȾһۣ˵ѧԺ飬Ȼҵ飬ǸһˣǲǰȾ壿
һֹѧǣȨҲڵ
Ⱦ壿
ôȾΪ壿
ĪǣǧҲҵˣ
ۣһʱڣǾȻˣоرһЩ
ô壿Ȩɴ˫㶵ؿǧͻȻ֮ʲôһζʮǰҶǸӡ
ǧָ⣬ЦѽҾҶǸӣһδ˺úɣʹźڰǰңŪѪһжҪˡ
ѧīҲԭأðζûл
죬ǧȻˣ
ô궪Ů޾ȻҵˣҵȨһأԳԼУþòع
γȨһۣĿ΢䣬Σ
ǧϷεĿȴδ˵ŤͷȾȥȾ壬˿̸Σ
ȾȨѹŵĺ˲ܣһʱһȻĺ⣬˵սľ
˵ĹǰȾ˫˲ó졣
ҲۿȨеĺҲڴ˿̱Ȩǰ˺ҵҲ㣬㣬ȻˣһΣǲŹġ
ѳɶ֣ȨʧĻһվԭأȫȻû˷
ѧȨߣ㽫
һϣƾζ޷ˡ
ѧԺѧҲԭأ񶼴ġ
ô찡ȨˣǷѧԺ᲻Ҳ
Ķ£ѧԺֻº
ǣҪѧԺȥĿˣ
һѧԺѧ˲Ĭ
ʱǧѾȨҵķĹǰѧī֪˽¶ɫ뿪ˡ
뿪֮Ⱦų£
Ȩ̿ˮòֱͦͦڵء
֪𣿡Ⱦõӣȫûκ顣
ȨԭӲɼǰķĹ˲䱻ȫҲŷûһ뵽Ρ
μ˱ǰһֱܣһֱܣԶܲЩħצץʮ˲͹ͷ˸ʹȴûоͷֻĬĬţֻء
Ҳʱ룬Ѿ¶һЩҲ޷Ծ¶ܽѧԺ͹ͷҲĸԸġ
£һ޳ɣˡ֪𣿡Ⱦٴγ
ȨͱǰķĹˣæͷ΢֪ˣ֪ˡ
ĶˣȾĿ䵭þòѩ
ˣ
ȨĹһʱᾹȻ˵ȴԾëëģֽŸǱ䣬޷ů
˵Ⱦͳ
ʱһ紵ĹϷʵͷ·ȥڿһᴩĤһ˵ĶٽǳֵξȨɴ󣬲
Ĺǰ˻ƣżֿ־ͲֻʣҪҪҴȥҲҪ͹Ҳ뱻ͷǷŹҰɡ
Ȩ˫ɢžмˡ
ȾšüͷҲûκͬ˼Ⱦƿֵ꣬㻹֪Լ뱻͹ͷó
Ȩըëһ㣬۶϶˵ţҴˣҲźڰ˽ңҲκκڰ˽նɱҴˣĴˣء
Ҳüµ츳֣ûЩ£ҵĽǲǾͲͬˣ
ˣĴˡ
Ȩ˫죬Ҳڲ˵Լˣƾ˵޷ڳеŭɢˡ
ˡһǧͻȻһڵϣȻ֪ˣǾɣĴ̫Ψ
ȨвŶ˼ֽ࣬Щŵؿǧ˫Ҳͣζʵû뵽ѾϴˣǾȻϷŹԼ
νҪĴ
Ը⣡
Ȩƿ꣬еҶѾϴˣΪλҪҵȻ˸ϳģʵҲҵѪ˶ңͲ𣿡



1527 ħ

ǧЦǽŵɣˣͲϡ
㡭Ȩᣬȴ޷˵һ
ȨԼ֣Ƕ֣ѡһɡǧ˫ֻأĿضѩһϢ
ȨŴ꣬ŤͷĿͶȾϣü֮ƺż
ȾȻǺȾ峤ǧģҲԼлҵ˱ôº͵İ
ȨվҪˣֻȾüΪȨѡһɡ
ȨȻɴ˫㶵ؿȾû뵽˵Ⱦҵ峤㵱Ҫ𣿡
ұ㣬ԼúͺˣΪλҪڰȾšü·һɱǷ㣬ŻԲҵ棬Żᱻ
Ѿ¶ҪˣȨǣ˫˲û
ǡȾӦϡ
ȨŴ꣬˫ٴαţ˿ĵطƽ˲С˼
ãȥȥȨϵĳиʱͻȻһѶеĳתܡ
ô
뿪ıӰǧⷺģȾµɫǳˡ
ʱͻȻһ˦䣬ɲǿ緢ȨȻ˹顱һͬ߷һء
ҵϵʱ죬Ȼйѵڶߴ
Ȩڵغգ۵ĸ˵ˡ
ʱȾѾߵȨǰȨû뵽㾹ȻƭǣҲû뵽㾹ȻһⶼûУôûһ⣿
ȨŴ꣬ͻȻûкڹҽҸϳȥ˲˹ôֵͣϢôˣֻ̫ˣһ¾ͱڰƷܣ̫̫ˡ
ұ졣ȾͻȻһţȨϡ
ȨٴſĽ
ʱǧּϵĳȨűߣɣܣġ
ȨҲʱʶǵܵĶᱻݣպŵϵĳۿҲʱһȦ
Ҫ
ҲʱԼĴر֣Բʹ
еĳԥƬ̺ʹԼУʱˮҲԲ𡭡
ॡһأȨҲֱֱ˵ϣ˯ѡ
ŵϵʬ壬ǧǵͻȻһɣȴࡣ
ˣɸȴȻδȻ룬һٵĽŲĻмͻȻֲ
ǧüͷһԴȥܿƼȾѪҹһǱī裬ýҲƳīȾѪûҹŨء
ǧ˲䷺䣬ǷݲҲŨƿ꣬еĲʵǣôˣ
ͬ˫⽥䣬ĿͶҹϣʾЩ˵
ҹ˫һͨһڵأӣҶԲǣûнСӿ˺ãץˡ
īҲһͳҵʱҲһԣʵ̫ˣǸͲĶֻ֣ŷϲֱץߡ
˵ĻǧȻ˵ץˣ
һνüȾҲͬԭء
ҹī趼ǼΪģʲô˾н˸ߣңѧԺǽ䱸ɭϣˣܿн䱸Ǳ룬˷˼˾Ȼ°һӣĿĻʲôأ
ҹͷβ֪˵ЩʲôȫǱǸΡ
īŴ꣬һŵͷǵģϲץˡ
ǧüͷЩҡҡ׹ñθסˣȻˤڵء
ס֮ǧƿʵʲô˽°ˣǿɿ˵Ŀ⣿
˵Ǹˣīҹɫ˲΢һҲøΪ˼֣ƺرֲһ
ǧҧ꣬¸Ϊż˼֣ǵ˵
˰Σҹſ˵°ӵĲˣһͷħޣһͷϻһĺɫħޣΪаӵ½ԲĶ֣ƴȫҲ޷Ӷأ˳ˡ



1528 ȥ

һǧ˲Ĭ
ɫģϻһħޣ
ĪǣǺڰͷʥޣ
ͷʥаǳרʳ⣬Ūһռ佫ȥӵĸ׽Բأǿ־ʱϵѪһڿ£븹С
ڿռʱѾɫϻˣˣȻˣͻȻͺˣͻȻϲ°ߣ˷뱨
뵽˴ǧٴ޷ŤͷĿͶϣȫǼУΣ˵ĺɫϻͷʥްɡ
еĿ£ε˵ͷӦǺڰͷʥޣôصˣ˵ôͻָˡ
ǧһΣͻȻ뵽ʲôһ̿˵⣬ϴεŻ⡭ɫʥڻʱ򣬾ͱرԲӳ죬ͻȻ֣ŻŻ⾿ʲôأ
δһһʱû˵
ȾȴúͿģī裬ǲ̫ڿռ﷢¶
ʥޣʲôʥޣīѯʡ
ǧһۣ˵ͷϻǣڰʥޡ
һī費һ£˺ðβŻȻǺڰʥޣֲΪͻȻط
뵽ռ飬ǧ۾һ䣬Ϊɡ

ī赹֪ɫϻһЩ飬˵ʲô΢һȹ㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
Σʥ޶Ȼ뱨ӦΣǧץŷε䣬һ˫ڴŰûڣЩ֪ҾӦýߣлΪǶı˭룬ǱʱֵĻᡣ
ûп˺áҹԴϵĲŨ˼֡
ǧ֪ʥ޵һҲûҹ˼ƿ꣬ȴǵģ㲻Ҳû㣬ɫʥޱĽҺͷҲˣʹЩɱ֮ᷢյһˡ
䣬ǧšüͷԵޱȰա
֣סļҲΰο
Ǻڰʥ޵ĻӦǽ˴ڰܲ˰ɡʱȾͻȻ˵ֻǶ֪ڰܲĶ֪㲻㱻ˡ
ǧҲأ˳ĬǰڰܲĶأ
ǾʱͻȻһöķڳಡһֱֱǶ֮С
öͻȻ֣ǧǵעĿǧеķڣͻȻǺڰصطɹģдҵϲֵ
ǧ˫һֽ¡
ֻϻһСǧζĸˣֽСֽչһǣüͻȻһɣȴٴšһ𣬱Ҳøˡ
μ鲻ԣ̽еֽȡ£ԸֻһۣüͷҲ΢΢һ
ȷдźڰĵַ滹дҪǧйȥڼ˭͵͵ȥǽıڰܲĵַʱ򣬷ϲҲΣա
˴ۣ࣬ɽѩ
ôˣǣȾѯʣǱ֪ʲô¶
ѯνеֽݵȾУȾչһɫҲ˲˱䣬ڰᾹȻֶŮһȥȥգڰ˶Ȼ˲ıƣԲȥ
īһɫҲһ䣬ڰ˿ɶ񣬾Բһȥ
ǲȥĻΣˡǧڰ᲻ʲôطаϲٻǣٴԾɲǺڰĶ֡
ȥԮȻܲ
һȥˣҲΣյġȾ˼ȫͬ
īҲһȰ⣬ǰһ˾Բȥڰսթȥ˾뻢ڡ
ǧΪ·Ѿ¶˾
ȾᣬŤͷοȥΣȰȰ
γǧȥ֪Ѿ¶ͷţҲˣҲûκηϻֱ˵ļƻȥһϢĸ㣬ʱ㲻¶һߵġ
ǧЦò÷ǳ
ĻǶ裬ܷȥʲô˼ɡ
Ⱦī豾ЩͬҲȥǻϢĵȥȻᱻֵġ
˻̲סǿɵҪСİ
֪ˡǧͷڴž
ҹվһԣ̿˵ӷˣҲһͬȥɡ



1529 ŭ

ҹ¡οͻȻ˵һ䣬㲻̫ϢǸһͬȥһñᱻ֣ʱ򣬾ƻú鷳
ҹ֪ԼЩشͷ
ԣɡοɵȴŲݾܾ
ҹֻõͷҲ˵Щʲôˡ
һ֮Ǿ׼·ˣǧ뿪һֶ·ļ󣬴ǧӰһʧαϢ׷ȥ
ڰܲµַڸ谵ӲݴĿµطһ֪ɭ֣ǧߵļΪСģʲôµĶͻȻܳһЩʲô顣
Ҳ֪˶ãǧƼ˴ӲľеĺɫǽƣݶϻվڼֻɫѻѻתѪɫ˫Ҳڷ˻ƵĽ
ʡ
Сڿޣ˺£ҲΪɵ
ǧȶһǸطȥԽɫĽӴҲɢһɸΪΣյϢ
ǰĺɫȫҲһĨһ뵽ξڸеĿҲ˼֡
䣬һǺɫȥ
ڰܲŽգɵǧ߹ȥʱȴžȻԶˣͷ·ѾӦһ
ǧĲһ£Ҳ˵һһ˾
ôΡȻᱻǷֵģк谭Ĺ
ǧĴţſھǾ޵Ĵ죬˽룬һܾͻᱻ븹˿Ȼ뵽˴֮С
֮ſڵĵյɲǾͱৡܲ˲õƻǧҲ˱һ
ڴ룬һ޴Ļ¯¯֮ϰһľӣտҲ֪ʲôģǧȴһɲӡ
ڿǽĵطһɫģŹٵı֮ӰڻζǧľŤͷϿȥ
ͼһϮɫ˾ڱϣ˫ˮϵİɫЩ룬ȥһħߵˡ
ǧ˾΢Ц˾ǰƽĿã˿ɶ֪ǺڰĻ᳤УҼұأ
˵ϲֵʱǧüͷһ
ڵĳŪ˾ŭЦǺڰóˣȻڴ½㣿ұȻˡ
ͣǧʲôЦһЦҪ˴ˣҪ°ߣ⻰ǲŵġ
Ҿͻһ˵˾ֵڴ䣬üº񣬡ǽϲִȻҪĿı㡣
ǧЦ䣬ΪңֻΪѪѪɡ
˾ЦøºͣȴһĨа񣬡ȷΪѪѪһ֪ѪѪֻһ䣬˼ɵֻѪֻһξѪѪ
ǧȻһЩŵؿ˾
£ô֪ģ
£϶ûмأֻ˲֪һЩô֪ģ
ϡ˾ֵڴ䣬˵һϤ֣Щ־ˣȻԺ֪ȫ˵ˣܾ𣿡
ǧ򴽣ȴ˵
˾΢΢վϵİɫһƮȻһ˲ƮȻɵζһֻ֪ˣѪٴγ
ǧĿͶϣ˲һ񣬡㽫ץ뽫Ȼɱң
˾ʼ磬ɷá
ǧֻúЦ˫Цǰ㶼ûɱңΪԣҪһγܵըζ𣿡
˾ɫδ䣬¶һĨ־ڱصõЦݣԣҾ÷ϲҵɱﵡ
ѽɱءͻȻһɳƵһֻɫϻⲽ
ǰһˣаҲһ㵭Ļ棬ֱֻɫʥ޺û򵥡
ʥޡǧһ
ҲʥޡɫϻڣͻȻת˼ֵ֣ڵѪԣֻѪһƲлˡ
ѪĲлꣿ
ǧһ£ֲõպɫϻ仯ֲϻĻ⣬ܳǵĹ֮ززԭ徹ȻѪĲлռˡ
ôʱо󱳴ԭУѪл
л꣬ʲôǧźɫϻơ



1530 ô죿

ɫϻԻع𴽰꣬͸żãϳͳƬ½˳㱨ԲҵԸòã
Ѫｵ٣Ҫȥ
ôԼôأ
ǧһЦؿźɫϻ˵ֲҵ˭ΪҪԲԸУֻһƲлѣΪͷųѪѪ֮˺
֪㲻ᣬɱﵰɫϻŵ˵ţڻ¯ⲽţͻȻվһԵ˾һ֣ˢһʲôˣһԲվ̨˲
ֻԵķϲ־Ȼľϣľӵǻ¯ֻҪһϣȴϲֵĽǻ¯вϷҽ
龰ǧȻɴ˫һŵģʲôֻһĺӡ
Σɫϻƿ꣬壬ֻҪ½ѣ꣬ʮ꣬ˣֻҪܹҶܾ
ǧ˸ԭŭ⣬Ҳ֪ǵĿĵʲôˡ
Ҫ÷ϲѪѪܱ֮ĵˣѪή٣ǵļıܵóѡ
ÿĸ׶Լĺӣϲߣ˾Ǻܶ
ǻ޳ܡǧиǷ⣬ͬþòĺ
ֻ޳ܲܵõԼҪģΪβ޳һأɫϻͷƺ˸һɻ
ǧĿƿ
ɫϻ鼫õǧⲽ˵ԼأҪλСѻԼھ뿪ˣλСѻͷԼѪѪ֮ΰ
ǧ䶢źɫϻζû˵
ȻҪϲֻţԸҲţһڶҪģȱ˭У
ο϶ڸˣֻҪܳŵιһоͶܽˡ
˾ǿǧ˼ͻȻЦˣ֪ǻˣʲôѾıܲĸֻ֣£˿̻תأ
˾Цϣ˲ǧͷƤʼˡ
ԭָŷܹ˭룬˾ȻǵļıܲĲָˣĻҪҵֻ»ѡ
ǧ˫ɹһȴװɵһģʲôҲţҲ֪˵ʲô
˾Цһ㲻ٴϹľᡣ
ûһϲϵͻȻˣ׹ͲһҪ䵽ҽˡ
龰ǧ˫죬һʵ񣬱ɱ䡣
ʲôס֡ǧǰ龰޲ͱйߡ
ҪͷųѪѪ֮ɫϻ򴽽ǣͻȻü
ֻҪŭͷųѪѪ֮ᱻƽǿܶ౶ҲѸģ
գѪｵٴ½֮ʱ
뵽˴еЦŨֵʲôóԵǹһ
ǧû˵ȴüΪĿ⿴źڰϻ˾
˵ϲϵٴһɣڲϻεţ䵽¯֮С
ǧҪͷųСѿСǾޱȴɫϻˡ
ѪĲлֲ꣬ȻǺµģСǾޱСѿ˲ήˣҲûյĻ
ǧˣٴһɣ㡭
ɫϻŴ꣬ͳɤǰˣֻѪĲл꣬ǿҪٻֲռЩħޣҲþҵͬС
ǧҪٻȴͺһҲܲǵĴˡ
⡭ٲȻһ˵ս¶ûκԮϺɫϻ˾ͲǶ֣һӾܱѹʱ򣬷ϲҪ͹ˡ
ô죿
׸ô죿
ΪλѾסŲ
ľϷϲҡҡ׹С壬ǧ˫죬ŭĿ޲ýһһնɱɾ
ǿЩ˷֮һͬҪΪһӣǧҲ͸һĨɫ
ɫϻ˾ȴǲΪǿҡҡ֮ķϲ֣á
ǺɫϻΨ²ҵ˵ǧٲĶӾҪ̵ҽˣʱһȥͻữһ̯ѪˮȶȲ
ǧеŭŨ·ܽһӾˣԭˡ
ָ⣬ֱҲƱʲôһȷǳҲһ仯˵һ飬ǵ׷Ųˣ
˾ЦɫϻŴ꣬Цš



1531 

˵ģǧŭɢĨŭ˲佫סҲѲ󱳴ȸŨ·Ҫˡ
֪νѪѪ֮
ʱѪѪ֮øΪǿƺܻء
ĽĻôѡһһȫնɱٽϲ־ȳҲԲˣֻϧܼһˣÿϧ
뵽ǧһĶˣɬ
ǧ˽ָ⣬һɲѪѪ֮ڴ˿̱ϵһȫˣ죬ˡ
һִӹ͸䣬мܲסǧĶǰȻһĺʢĴż˹ƻζ߹ǵıȥߣϲ
Ǻǣ𣿡ǧָ⣬쳣Ŀ⿴ǡ
ɫϻһϲĿǧۣѪѪ֮Ȼġ
˾ҲδĻ棬һʱ侹Ǵ˴
ǣѪѪ֮
ɣٱɡɫϻƿ꣬ЦֻҪĵһѪѪ֮ٴν١
㽵֮ǰҾͽɱǧ˵ţϣƷһɻصơ
˵ǰǧӵѪѪ֮ǧͬս񽫣мܲס
ɫϻܿͽڽڰˡ
˾ͬҲˣһؿǧ˲΢˵İ취˿ĽǶĶ֡
ɫϻ΢΢գû뵽ӵѪѪ֮ǧֻҪѪѪ֮Ȼǧĵȫû뵽ڴ֮ǰûнƷǵĴҲܿǵġ
ô죿˾źɫϻ
סɫϻٹʱͻڴ֮ǰһҪס
˾̵˵ͷ
ǧЦһµʽΪһɱ˵ľ
һӣڰܲڳž˵Ĵżħ棬ħ׵ɨɫɫ֯һγһõĹâǹâҫۣǿ
ɭжתתķΣһ۱㿴˲Զǿâ
ħĹâ
ڰܲȻǸ
šüȥħâʵǿĺܣʥ׵ǧͷųǡԽԽľεһţֻϣܿһ㣬ٿһ㡣
ʱǧɺһһһɲǣܲڷɳʯҲбѵĺۼڰĳԱҲõ˾ָʾ׷Χǧߣɫࡣ
ǧһܿ׹סԼ
Ҳܸܵš
һ㣬ֻҪٿһܾȳϲˡ
Բܷ
ǧȡѪ﷨ȣһɲǣˣĺţһúɫϻ˾ɵ˼֡
Ѫ﷨ϵĻ֮ΪϣֵʱȸղŸˡ
Ӷŷȣһ㣬̳ľӵķȥɫϻǿ뷨̿˵˾Щסǧ˸
ϲֿǵĳ룬汻ǧ£û˳ǻܻ
ڣҲǵŷϲ֣ǧųתģһ£ӶȻط÷츲ء
˾뽫סϧһǧѾһϲ־ˡ
ǧҪŷϲһͬ뵽ռʱȴȥеһжɫϻˣֱɶ
ǧҧأŷϲ̳ܲⱼܶȥ
ɫϻȻɴ˫е׷
ȻѾҪĵѪѪ֮ˣǲ׷Ļɫϻе㲻ġ
˾Ҳͬˣ׷ȥ
ǧڼٱܣķϲͻȻתѣһ۱㿴ǧűǰһƯĺ
Ůˣף
ϲ˲侪ˣף
ǧ˲һĨЦݣ̴ů˰Լܣ滹м׷׽˸ˣϣɺã
ϲգգ۾Щֲףܿ͸ܵ˴˿̵ϾԵʱд¶ˡ
̵ͷãһܳȥһȫĵط׻
ԡǧͷֽ˵ϣȥɣܾ棬֮ͺˡ
ϲ˫һͷ
ǵʲô
֣ϲȴûʳڣСȣͷȥܿûӰ



1532 

ܵǧ˿һţ˫˲Ѫˣ죬ûúˣ
һ˲֮䣬⴦طٴα΢ǧ˾ɫϻٴͷʱɱȻ˲佫⴦طȾˡ
ɫϻû뵽ǧͻȻۻأһ˫˲ɻ󣬶ĨɻþöɢǧͻȻüɵ˼֡
û뵽㾹ͻȻۻˡ˾˵һ䡣
ǧͬ˾𴽰ǲ׷Ҵ˿ۻأúǵ⣿
˾Ŵһʱû˵
ֻϣ˿̷ϲҲڳǧ˼ɣ˿һ㣬ϲûӰӣһأ޹˼ɵģе¡
㶼Ҫˣšɫϻƿ꣬ͻȻ˵һ䣬·һԼϡ
ǧָ⣬ȻҪˣҿ϶ҪЩԼ飬Բǻ̫԰ɣ
ɫϻ˾Ǳһ䣬ǿǧĿҲ˼ɵ
ģͬھ
뵽˴ɫϻɴ˫ŭȵֻѪһƲл꣬㽫һҲá
ǧʣ𣿡
ɫϻһ򣬰β
ʱǧٶԣֱϡ
ʱ䲻ˣüӿʱˡͳѪ﷨ȣɲǣɫĻѸӣڵɫĻ죬ҫۣ޾Ҳڴʱϯ
ɫϻ˾һ˱ĵطʱ򡭡ǧٶȿ磬ȻһӾ˾Цһ̧еѪ﷨Ⱦʹ˾ĺ󱳴
͡һû룬˾ĺ󱳴˲һѪѪɫһӱò԰
˾ס˵طͳѪæ¡
ˣϵ˿ڻûϡ
⡭ĪǣѪѪɵ˿û취ڶʱϣ
ɶ
˾ᣬ˫ٴαò԰ź󱳴˿ڣɫ˲ͬһŰֽ
ɫϻˣ΢΢һʵһСС˿ڶҪҪģֱûã
ʱǧͻȻ˺ɫϻ󣬺ɫϻʼδ˫ͻȻһ¡
Ҳ̫˰ɣȻϢĳ֡
ĿյǧٶеѪ﷨ȣһ±˺ɫϻϣɫϻͷʣ޾ʹࡣ
ǧδݣǼ룬˾ͷŹ
ɫϻ۵ѳݣһŻ˲ŤӳһצӣֱֱǧϻȥһצӼΪһ˵ĺϢ
ֱӶĹƣһɲǣɣڷƮȻɡ
ʱһԵ˾ô˿յгǧϮȥһӣлɫϻצײУ˾ŪͷƤ顣
ǧһ㣬ֱһԵʯڣһһֱӴһգһͷûһһᣬϵǿȥ¡
վʯϵǧٴλӶѪ﷨ȣͻȻһǿ׵£ֱֱһ󶴣һһ΢ʶ˿ĵط
ͻȻֿһĽ䱸Ҳиˣǧʱٴνȴɫϻڡ
һ£þȫڷϰһɫĻ棬Щ漫ΪټѪѪ֮ܽƣ
ɫϻʵܲٴ˻ʹӶˣۣǳۣڵһƲл궼Ҫˡ
ģڵĲлϢԽԽɫϻȻɴ˫һŵؿǧ㾹Ȼ
ǧЦƽ쳣걻յζΰ֪һҲ޷ֹ㽵ҽƲлٴν㣬ִܲܵ۷״̬أǻΪһֻǶȫĲ񣿡
ɫϻ񱻲һᣬ˵˵
Ҳ¶ˡǧЦͻȻаµ
𡪡ɫϻٴ˻ֻԼĻǿҪɢȥҲ޷ˣûһɫϻ£ȴţһĿӡ
ѪĲл꣬ǧŤͷ˾ȥ
˾ɴ˫ûյ󵭾еֻǼɵǱ㾹ȻѪĲлˡܿϧ㻹ǻ
֮ǰܽǱϾ·ҲֵáǧЦһѪ﷨ȳ˾ķȥ
˾ˣ
͡һѪ﷨ȣٴû˾ĺ󱳴
ʱܲЩҡҡ׹ĳЩطѾеĺۼˡ
ǧһ̽Ѫ﷨ȳҲ˾˦ڵϣתߡ


1533 

뿪ʱ󱳴ԭ֮⡣
ȣʹ˶ˡ
ǣѪѪ֮ĵԵʣȫϣͻȥ
ڴ֮ǰһҪΣһҪ͵һɡִĳĽŲҲ˼
ߵһʱǧͻȻĿڣһѪǴʺѪҺ˲佫İȾ죬ѩеĺ÷żС
ǧǱߵѪղɣٴγܲȥ
ֻһܳȥˣӦþܼˣ԰ɣ
ΪʲôǰһģʲôˣҲܲˣҪ
кöûģĺܲġ
зΣһҲĵİɡ
ʱǧͻȻһֱֱˤȥΪˤͷѪͻȻ֮һůĻС
ů滹һɺŵζϤ
Ƿ
ǧѵؽһ±㿴Ϥգ˾Ϊˣ᲻뿪Ŀ⣬֣һ軭εЦΣ˶Բԣ
ˡνסҪ
ǧЦҡҡͷǰһۣѾˡ
оѾ޺ˡ㲻νһ˫۳˪
ϲվһԣŵò
ôΪΪλѪˣ
ոջúõİ
ף㲻Ҫ±һһҪúõġϲǧԣֽץ
ǧЦЦһ仰δ˵Ѿ޷κγŵˡ
֧ˡΣ֮һҪúõģ֪𣿡ǧٴγ˫ûɢ·ʲôˣֻЩȻе䡣
ҲŴ꣬һ˫޲˫˲ó
Σ䡭ǧŴ꣬ૣСèһ
̽һ˲们䡣
ްòáǧƿ꣬ӣһ᲻뿪ġ
Ǿͱߡü
ϲһԿ޵ޡ
ǲаҺ䣬ûءǧЦһֻƤأҲ䣬ֱҲٲ
ףءϲִޣ˫ͬҡ
ν˫䣬ȴʧ˻ꡣ
һ̣Ѫٴν
һСľݰˮ·Ѫｵٺ󣬴½һƬ
ʮķϲֱüΪ˳һԾɬҲԽԽˡ
һһΪÿڣ˯һ˫ŮӣŮһϮ£˫Ҳ֪ʱŻ
ףǱˣѾʮˣٹ꣬ҪӺˡ
ף㵽ʲôʱ
£ʱ򣬻᲻ʶˡ
ϲС֣ǧϸϸĦţڻǺƯ˯ŵһǣϣ׿
ڣѪò½ϵ˶ū
ҲúĮе£ԣ׺һúܿĵġ
˵󣬷ϲָûһȻ
ף㣬죬һҪòã
䣬ϲֲᣬŶ
ʱǧ·һƬ޵Уǵһֱڶ߶߶ģܷȴϲ
˭أ
ףô
˭أ
ˣȷиӣзϲ֣еĵǷΡ
һ˵ǧ·ˣһſ˲䱻Ҳǰˡ
кӣһλɷǶܰԼԣҪϽѹԲǵǰ
ǧ˶ָ⣬ҪɻǲУٶһָ⣬Ҳ֪˶ãŻ
ǰһͦÿӣеһжľͷģȥªΪľ£˵Ķ
ǰδﰡ
ǧ֧ӣ˯ȫЩӲôӲ޷µ·С´û߼Щˤڵϡ
ǵģоԼûð
ߵ̨ǰǧŵһɺĿζ˯ô꣬⻹һŵĿζܺţȴ˺ܻ
˵Ļ
ʱ򣬡֨߹һķͻȻƿϲȥ
ףˣǱͷɵҰϣϲϲָ߸˵뷿䣬ҪҰ뻨ƿеʱȴִϿտҲ
ͻȻסأ
ǧȷؿڣǰ˳кӣı



1534 ˣ

ϤϲȻͷȥ
ֻһۣ㿴ԭӦڴϵˣȻµ·ˣվڴ̨ǰ
ǣף
ۣˣ
ϲ˲ɴ˫һܳȥۣˣ
ŷϲ뿪ıӰǧˣôͻȻˣ
ëëġ
ûһǧִ˽Ųһܼ٣һŹӦûзΡ
ôܼͣ
ǧ΢е㼤ʶ·ʱ򣬷ѾˣĻʮķϲֵġ
̧ȥŸոսĿͶϣһ£ô£ôоƱˣú䣬һִӹ͸䣬Ӧͷ·¶һ˫ţȻ
ڿǧ֮󣬷˫һŵڲһ˿˲úÿˡ
ǧ䶯Ŵ꣬δ˵ЩʲôѾӵ뻳С
һּΪӵһʧõϲãģģ·Ҫһ㡣
ˣƿ꣬ơ
ǧҲֱͬסΣЦţˡ
νëһڵĲٴţͬһ㣬˳У˾ͺãǵܾˡ
վһԵķϲּĲǰͺˣط걦˺þء
ǧѭȥٴο˳ķϲ֣ˣϵӤȥ˲٣Ծɬ˧˿Ǻÿ
ףǱǱϲָ˵رԼݣѾʮˣǧϲ
ǧ˫һڷϲͣ˼룬ˣҲ˧ˣ˵ҵ׻˯˶ã
ٴܸоЩ
δȷϲֿڣȳꡣ
ǧԾ˼£ȻѾ˯
ֲãոʱֻûӲۣ·߲ȣԭѾ˯꣬ĺþá
Ѿ𣿡ǧ΢΢üͷͻȻ־òԾҵѪѪ֮ӦͷˣӦˣôͻȻ
˵ָۣһҲˣǰĿˣȥأƽԺ󣬱㽫ɽˮĵط
ϣ
ףᡣճĬϲͻȻ˵Ҫιȥʱ򣬵ιᣬǣЧҪþòܷӳǼ£ҲǼ꣬һӶѲпܡ
ǧһ¡
һӶѲ
붼ÿ£ıôɰ˧ÿò
ãѹˡǧƿ꣬˿ȴԾе¡
סļƺůݸҲƺܽеĺ¸ɢˣǰˡ
ǧһôϷ֡
Ҳ֪˶ãβŽǧſһΧʣµֻܰĽǳ
ǧϵĲ豭뵽ǰٵһУüʵǰιȥ֮󣬷ʲôѪˣ
˵Ѫεı΢΢һ䣬ƺø˼֣ǰιȥԺѪ㽵ˣԴ˸½˶Ѫū
ǧüͷһȻѾѪǲĺ
ӦǰɣǲûкѪο˵һ䡣
ԵʱӲµĴ㣬ԣûһҪѪ򽻵˼ѾӦúú룬νѪﴦˡ
ûǧ㶡
ϲֳشףԺûаҪֵ˼⴦ɽˮĵطҲֻ㣬¡
ԭˡǧԺͷһ£ҲһĨθУǵȾ˰ɣҲ֪ҾȻ꣬Щͺˡ
ֱĦţˡ
ǧһֻ飬˲У޷԰ΣҲ֪˶ãһԼȻѾѹˣǲӦһնɱѪ飬ϾǶҪƬ½ϣһֱѪ֧ţҿܲˡ
ƿ꣬ŵΪãǱˡ
ǧ󣬴ٴһѪ
ǴǧħޣȻġ룬㿪ڵ˵Ѫ⻹ô˵ǼѶԸġ



1535 


Ҳ൱ڴһ£һʱ
оҩãԾڿң
뵽˴ǧɫҲʱһɽ뵽ʲôһüĿ˲չ˼֣ҼǵãڻǰѪһƲлˣ㽵Ҳû۷ʱǲǿԽͻƿڣ
Դϲؿǧ˵ǵģǺҪûĻǣѪٴνҲûǰȷǸõͻƿڡ
ǧ˫˲˼֣Ǿ˳ͻƿڽѪ𣬻½һ̫ƽ
βδŴӦǽǧϣ˵ȺúϢѪϢԺ˵ɡ
ǻ˯꣬û˶ԵʣǧֻȫƣҲмζðɣϢˣ˵Ѫ飬Ѿ꣬ٵȼҲ޷
ţȫǳ֮ɫ
ǧٴڴϣڷ˵Ŀг˯ȥ
ڶգǧֻȫˣӴԾһ
Ҫŵʱ򣬱֨߹ǿӭﻹһ緹ðţżΪʿɿڡ
ʲôǧȹڣЦ˹ȥ
νŵϣЦ˵һ嵭ࡣ
ǧһڣúȣһθůˡ
ȹ֮ǧ·£Ϊ˵óԣİɣ
εźҡ
ǧĴָ츳
Цº˼֡
ǧĦϵĲ룬ͻȻʵҼǵãʱҰ˾Ѿݵܲˣ𣿡
λδش𣬶ӽķϲ־ͿڵǸ˾ûѪһΪŰأʵڿɶĺܡ
ǧ΢΢ȣʱ˾£ʱѪɫҰףټܲӦñˣ룬˺ãû
Ȼû⡣ǧԼĴǣü΢΢һĻǲҪѪҪ˾ĺڰ᣿
󣬵˵ͷ
ͷǧֻԿеۣΪܱкһ㣬û뵽лҪһЩͷ۰
ǧվȴͻȻȫһţϾȻһʹУüһ˲һ󣬿ɽģֱϲȡ
ָоҪˣ
ҪˣһΣҲһϲɫ
ϲָǼϴҪ׵𣿡
ϲֵǧЦ꣬ϲֳ壬Ļ
ȻģϲٴγȫǶǧκڴЩףҺ͵Ϊ㻤
Щǧ˲䰲˼֣ȶ۾ҲűˣһɲǣԺгһΪ貵ͼĻ⣬ɫĵǲϽ֯һ𣬷·ܻһƯͼǸͼ·߲ʵģɢ֮ѡ
ʶУǧǸͼܿͼɢˣЩͷ׵Ĺ㲻ƯţȻһһС
һû룬ǧ̾͸ܵһǿϢӣûв´ĻǱ׵ϲҪȥ
ûһͷȻɫơ
ЩƲƯϿգܿ죬мֻɫķһֱƲв뿪·ǧҪס
ϲֶͷĲƺͲ˲伤쿴棬вƮƲﻹвߴߴء
γͷһۣȻǿڻеɾһƿĿ⣬Ҳ׵ʱ֮Ҳı仯
Ҳ˵ҪΪħʦˣϲ°ͣһϲ˵
εͷȾЦ⣬ǵġ
ۣ׺ðϲֿĵ֡
Ҳ֪˶ãǧŻһĿ⣬ол͵ţҲƽﲻͬ
ˡ
Ѿ˫ϵħʦ
ǧԼ˫ֻ֣е˼飬ΣҾȻĽˣǣһֱûܽô˯󣬾ͻȻˣ
һӣƱ˵˫ƿ꣬˵ȻĹѪѪ֮ʱֵõ˲ս飬ᣬЩһȻһӴͻᷢЧ
ЧǳɹΪ˫ϵħʦ


1536 Ѫͳ

ԭˣǧԼָ⣬ϲ
ʢЦ⡣
ͬʱڰܲ
˾ȻҲͷʢƮƮǲƲ֮УⷬѣҲһƮƮΪǿĸо
˾һתͻȻ𾪡
˵ľƺҪײŻֵġ
Ѳɣ˽ף
½˼ѪͳˣǶѪūҲǱֹģôͻȻ뵽ף
ⲻܵģǲܵģ
ԣֻзκĺûбѪͳţɷѽףĺӲֻһʮ޶ܽ뵽ס
˵׻˭أ
ܿ죬˾ԺͻȻֳһͷĻȻܽ׵ģǰѾˡ
˾ȫǧûѪٰܽԣȻˡ
֣Ϻ󱳴м˿ڣǰǧµģһ뵽˴˫һϢҲ
ոտ𣿾Ȼвƣв񡣡ͻȻһ˻Ƶţһֻ롣
ֻȫѪɫһ㣬üΪҫۣĺȸͬøΪа񣬶ȸʥģеһʥ⣬ƲĿ⡣
ˡѪ˾üͷɫƺеѿ
˽뵽ˡѪٴƿ꣬ٶȱ½˶ҵūҲǹ涨ЩֻҪúóΪūͳˣڳһ׵ʲô
˾򴽲
Ųʱ򣬶ûŲ鵽𣿡ѪõĶ
˾Ŵ꣬޷
Ѫٴο˵ҲҵūɱʲôԵС˼Ҿÿ
˾иǷŭ
ΪԼ֮Ѫ½շܳΪͳ½˭룬ѪһʼûԼĴ㣬һʼͰԼƭˣһȵȡ٣ûʲôüֵֻܳΪūðѡ
Щ֪ԲѪȡġ
ҵĻѪ˫ӡ
˾ҡͷȡѪǳأɵ׻ȱһƻǣȻû۷ʱˣҪ򵥡
ûκ˾Źɡ
ѪߣȥŲ飬ҵ˭͵͵ˣͽĨɱ
˾ȥˡ
ԭصѪȴ˫˭뵽أ

Ѿˣ˭
ʱǧͷβ֪ܲһУʰ׼ȥĵط
֪֪˲ܰսһֱ仰ͦеԣŻĵط
뿪ʱǧŷ⴦طˣѾ˺ܾˣûпһũᣬһӰӳеĳľľ
طǧü̾һ䡣
Ȼǵѡĵطϲ̧°ͣΪԺ˵ϲĵطԣŻѡһطһֱܰѪҲ֪Ķ
ǧŤͷοȥͼΪĵͻȻЦˣΡ
οгǳ
Ҳ֪˶ã뿪ĵطܿһҼũӳУǰͬǣЩũῴȥɵģÿũ϶ûκЦݣڳһ࣬ľı顣
ÿ˸ݵĿÿ춼޷Աһ
ЩǧΧľҲɵģϸһȻбƵĺۼȴǿĺܣٴˡ
طôǧǰһУ̲סѯʡ
2343ԭ֮ռգ
οǰһУͬüͷ˵ѪｵٵʱԭһҲ£Щһһȼ߰գΧһҲܿ챻գϨĺսĺۼ޷ȥֻǶ·ѪĿ¡
ǧҲ΢
澹Ȼȼôֲͣŵطûɵģ½ġ
ֻзѰҵǴطԴɡ
ǧĿƿҪ뿪⴦ũʱȴ˷ĽŲڽŲлмʹĿŴ
ҪǲҪҵĶӴߡ
ˣҵϰߣˡ
ٸһλɣҲˣҲˡ


1537 ס

ʹĿǧĿͶ˹ȥͼڰ·˽һȫץ˳ƾЩյļοߣǶûһҪ˼
£Ѫ˹涨ūƫƫˣΥѪ˵˼ǾҪչؽЩΥĨɱ
ڰһ̽Ѫ˳
ֻǳͷǰɡ
ˡ
Щ˿ţԾ޷ǵľ
ڰٴȣ£Ƕ
һЩһ׷ÿһ־Ŀ뿪
ִĨɱ̷ĵطڴڵĹ㳡ϣѪ涨ִĨɱ̷ʱаձ붼ûеģ͸һɡ
˱ĨɱȻʹֻȥ㳡Լǰ
ִ㳡İǣһ϶;յѾ꣬ʲôʱǸͷ
Ѫﲻ˵ģǧ΢΢ȡ
ε
ϲѹ˵ǵģ˭ͻᱻĨɱƽҲɺڰǰѲߣһвԾĵطͽ˸ץ
ǧ΢΢һĺڰᣬھȻȵˣʵ˼Ľ
Ϊβأǧɻ
ϲ°ͣɬСԴա
ʱͻȻ˵ΪѪĻǲȱȻǼ亦µģΪ˷δȻֻܹ涨ܵõõͳΡ
൱ͳһȺ޸֮ˣٹѪҲలµģӹԽãĨɱԽ࣬ҲԽȻ͸ˣȥǾūԣҪ͸ˡ
ԣҪūԼ֮ǰӦýѪĨɱ½һ̫ƽ
뵽˴ǧƣĮȴּᶨǵøϿжˡ
ʶͷ
ʱվڹ㳡ϵİǲš
ˣʲôʱǸͷǰЩ꣬ҶҲĨɱˣʱ޲Ѫͬھ
ҵĶӣҵŮĨɱˣʱҲѪͬھֻǿϧҵʵ΢ҪҲֻǶʬѡ
ѵҪôȥ𣿡
ǿߵʱѾԲ̨֮ϣڰŴվһֻ࣬ʱһͳֽȫĨɱ
˴ٴʹޣ
ǧ䶢ǰͻȻƿ꣬ǱǿˣЩ˺ȵѪﱻˣЩҲǴ½ϵһʾ޴Ƹ
κܿ˼ȣ
ǧЦŵͷȻġ
Ǿ;Ȱɡγ˵š
ϲһԿʼĦȭ
ǧ𴽰꣬գ֮ϣһ¾ͽڰĴſڵء
ǳֵļΪͻȻڰĸûӦҲԭأֱ𣬰ǲڻ
⡭Ƕˣһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲôá
ǧһŲһϣڰˣȻڹ컯֮¶԰ʹɱ֣Ƕĵĺܡ
ڰšüɫҲЩѿǺˣΪҪǣ֪˭𣿡
Ҹ˵ˣǺڰţǧƿ꣬Դ֮ȫĮͼڽ
ڰһٴδȻ֪ǵݣǱЩǷŵǲǺڰģѪµģΪսѪ˵Ȩǻĺܲҡ
ǵĽǧüͷûһ¡
κͷϲҲͬˡ
ǰǱŻˣǰѪｵ֮Ǽľ˱ĨɱδĻ档
Ǽ˷ܣֺ°
ĳ𣿡Ŵ꣬΢΢е£Ѫġ
ǧ֪ڼɵʲôѪȷģģūԽԽԽأպ뷴ʱҲˡ
¡ǧƿ꣬˵ѾƷһ㣬һ㷴ûС
ѪԾɼɵǳ
ǧǣǵģѪҲú£ڽٵʱǲȫʵûǰɡ
һ˲仩Ȼȴеš
ǧ䣬˵ȻΪΪβô½ϵˣɲصΣԲŻˡ
󣬾Ǿ˵ͦеֲš
ǧָָԵķΣ˵ܸʶɣ



1538 ȥڰܲ

ǳοȥ˲˫ζҲ·ˮţһ˲
Ǵʦʦˣ
Ǵʦо𣿡
Ĵ½оˣ
ǶԷμΪŷһ͸ļ˼ѪһȴɵһϮɫڷС
ãڿ˵ѪĻǲȫֻҪģܽɱġ
һձѪѹŵİǣ˲˫һͷ·ʲôһܽѪɱ
϶Եģʦ˵ˣ
ʱڰЩʶοһۣܿͱסˡ
ȻǴʦΣһֱǺڰԿˣԴѪｵͲˣͻȻ֣ѵ뽫Ѫ
ߵŮӣŰɫŮӡѵǧ
Ѿ
˾᳤Ѫ˶˵Ѿ˰⵽ô£
ǣʲôڰŴ꣬ܿͱˡ
ȥܲǧָ⣬ǻѰѪĳѨҲҪܾã£⼸
ڰŤͷһģ
ǧָЩˣǰİǣЩΪŰΪǱĻˣ벻ЩʲôΪȥ˱𣿡
һȻɴ˫Ҳ֡
ǵ˶ɱˡ
˾ǰһ޸֮ģԣܱ
һ죬Ҳ˺þã
뵽˴ͻȻӵϣֱȭͷЩ˵ϣֳǵͷһǾ񱻰ŪĲһûκλֻܱ֮滵
ڰ۵ѳݣüҪԾȴǧˡ
Ů˾Ǹħ
Ҳ֪˶ãǧڿ˵ȵȵȣɲ̫ʹˣֻ֪ܲλãĵ˲Ѫ𣿡
仰ֱӴ˰ǵĿͣоٶ۰Ͱͳǧžһ
ιܲĶǧѯʡ
ڰҧǸģ
ǧǣͻȻЦüΪа񣬡ǲ˵Ҳûϵǲֻʹ࣬Ϳܲܳˡ
ħڰȡ
Ҿǰǧűӣر޹
ô󷽵ĳˣڰͷһۣҲֱ޳ܣɥĲ
ٲ˵ܲĶͲŹˡǧָ⣬֮дż˿·һὫǵĲŤһ
ڰ̲ǧĺ͸ӲҷˣŴ꣬˰βŲպ˵ɣǴȥܲһҪسټʲôµ
ǧûԥһھʹӦˣð
˲Щܣ㻵ܽȫŵ
һ뵽ڰ˽Щȫ£ҲͲ˵ˡ
ǧǰЩˣЦǾͿЩ˵ǧǵĴ
ڰȻҪһֺ˵ţΨ˾ͻᱻɱ
˵֮ǽǧһּΪеĿ⿴ǡ
ǧͬǣЦЦ˵ˣûκ©ˣ
ڰҡͷûˣ֪ȫˡ
ǧʶͷһӡ
ڰҲĿ⿴ǣѾ֪ȫ˵ǲܽǷˡ
ǧδ˵ǿǣЩ˱㽻ǴðɣѾǵĶϳˣͬˣҪɱҪϤ㡣
ǧԼ֣һ뵽Щһ¶кЩҪǱǾðǴñˡ
ȻҲͬǵЦ˼֡
Ҳ˵סˣӦԺ󣬰˲ϲҲ
ǺڰһҲǱŻˣôǶѾ֪Ķ˵ˣǲܳġ
ǧЦû˵
ϲֲһŵ˵гûʲôֻǽǽжѣ溦µĻҲֻ˵Ǵ̫ࡣ
ڰŴ꣬һʱ侹úе޷ӡ
߰ɣɱˡǧƿ꣬ҲĿ뿪
ߺ󣬺ڰ˾ͱٴαȭǧѭźڰ˵ķ򣬺ܿһɫ⡣
ǽĹ̶ȣȻԶ϶Ǻڰܲ



1539 

ǧǰĺɫипǧ
ٴ̤ڰƬأҲҪٴκǿս
һΣѾΪħʦղһˣ
ֿ϶Ҳ᲻һ
뵽˴˾Ϣɫķȥ
̫Եʣڰ˾ȻûһǵĴڣԾɲҴ⣬ʮ־ںڰš
Ҳ֪˶ã˲һȼΪݻĹſͣ£ûв´Ļ⹬ѪģҲп˾ġ
δǽ뵽УһԵ·оȻһĨڵӰӰӰӰ´£ܿ˵ע⡣
ǧŤͷǱߵ·οȥѹȵ˭
˾·гǧԺһ£Ҳԭһʱ䲻֪Ǻá
Ȼû
ǰȷˣûѪܹ½٣
ˣܹ
ֵĺܣ
˾ǧƺϿʲôʲô߶ûƳܵһĨΪ˵
ǡˣ
˾һ㵣ҲֱֱһֱߣأΪλͻȻֲƺͲԭǧõ˻ԵŲס
ԭΪȾ֮˾ͬʱҲڴ˾ã˾һԼ˵ǧ㾹Ȼû
ǧһ䣬ЦǰûǲǺʧ
˾ǿԺŻȻ񣬶ҲʱȻˣⰡ
ʧֻǾúѡ˾ٴμĿͶϣеΣѪѾ٣㾹Ȼδξʲô취Ȼģ
ǧʼ磬δ˵
վһ࣬üΪѪһǿ˵ᡣ
˾΢һЦԭᣬȻᡭ뵽ˣǵȷǵõᡣ
οһۣ㽫Ŀ˻Ҳ˵ˡ
ǧ˫ֻأȾ⣬ôˣǲ뵱͸ý
˾ʧЦҡҡͷѪʲôѹ˵ҲûôڣڵѾѪȫͳˣ񿴵ЩˣǸоʮֵУһħˡ
ȷħˡǧ˵ȻУǿͷ
˾ٴʧЦȷʵͷ
ǧ˾ۣͻȻڵЩ֣ǲ𣿲Ӧʹɱ
Ȼôƽ͵վһ죬˴۾
˾Ҳƺ뵽һ㣬ʧЦһǿ˵˴ɱѪ𣿡
ôֹǣǧĿͶϣЦһ
˾ҡҡͷھһʲôһ˼֣һŻָȻǣǺڰҲѪţӦңҪͳ½ȴʳˣںܲˬȻҲġ
û뵽ô˵ǧЩĿһۣȻʲô˼
ҪǺ˾˫ü֮һƾ⣬ȴָֺܿƽ֪Ѫ㣬Ҳ֪ЩҪЩʲôҺͲԿġ
˾˵ǧµüǺ
˾ͷ
ǧοһֽۣĿͶ˾ϣЦѪҲ֪һЩԣΪҪأһڱͱһô죿Ͼǿǵж԰
֪ô˵˾ҲδһЦѹ˵Ѫȱʵû۷ɡ
ǧüһȴδ˵
˾ٴЦ㣬Ѫﻹһ㣬Ϊؼģ֪ˣҲмİ
Ȼ֪ΪλҪԸΪѪūԼֽնɱˣǧٴüƺתһĨ
˾󣬲ŭЦ֪ڵʲôҿȷĸ㣬ҵȷ뽫ѪɱǣѪѾһƣҶʲôҲᶪԣֻ͡
ǧüͷ΢壬û뵽ʲôƣŤͷοȥƺڵһȷĴ𸴡
γ˾ȥûñ㿪˵ϵȷнƣơ
ζô˵ˣǧеĽ䱸Ҳɢȥ˲٣Щֻؿ˾ѪҲûֵʲôôӦþѭӦˬɡ
˾һ顣
Ҫͣ



1540 Բ֮

ã˾һԼȷǱӦɣԭΪѪܹͳ½ȴû뵽ѪﾹȻĻأһʼûңҪңӣȻһͬԸѪ
˵ֿǧҲ˼֣ƿ꣬ЦȻҲǿԵģôӦһҪ󡣡
˾һ˲裬ʲôҪ󣿡
ǧûеľһǳЦһǺڰɢֹˣһҪ᳤ЩĶԹһȥ
˾Ӧһ뵽պҪѪѹҧһ´꣬űȵ˵ͷɣҴӦǵҪ󡣡
ǧһ˲ЦڣԸѪһ˰ɣУȥʲô
˾˴ſڣǴһεĵطǲȱÿԲ֮ҹضʹʵڽٴμ룬ʱ͸ʮħ޲ʵˣöԸĺܡ
ǧ󣬳οȥһۣҲ˼֡
ο˾ѯһ䣬ɷʵ
˾Цһ£˵Ȼʵģôǲţ
ǲšǧ𴽰꣬дżǺڰʵ̫ƻˣǽһܹûġ
˾Цţ𣿡
ǧƿ꣬һ˲˵㻹ĵķݶϣǾһΰɣôѪʲôж
˾Цţ澹Ȼĳ嶯⻰˵ˣʲôпĵķݶϣһΣ
ԭǲŵģ
ɶ
˾˫˺һ֮ƽ롣Բ֮ҹǰϦѪȥμӼ룬ϻרŵ˸Ѫ׼ʳһεĵطȴԲ֮ҹĵ
ǧֽĿͶ˾ϣ룿üϵʳ˳Բ֮ҹ𣿡
˾һۣͬصͷǵģϵƷǴͳţ򣬶ˣӵж츳ˡ
ǧ΢һ£˫Ҳ˲ʳˣ
˾ͷȻΪЩ˶ūǾǼݣԼҲûġ
ǧ˫ȭŭ֪ǴεĵطĶ
˾һͻȻѹɽУʱһһͬȥġ
ɽ
ǧʶοһۡ
εͷɽɭȷǸεĵطô֪ģ
Щʱ򣬷νĿͶ˾ϡ
˾Ŀ⣬ЦˣѪʲô춯Ȼֲܷ֣ڱѪ֧䣬ȻעжһΣ͵͵Ѫ֪ɽط
εҲûκˡ
Ǻʱжǧƿ꣬ЩС
˾һ£պɡ
պ󣬱Ǽڡ
Ѫ뿪ܲһ̳ĵطѪվ̳ϣһּΪŵµЩˡ
Щǿɶֱ࣬۶
˾ȥѽյļƷѪͷö˫˾
˾ȥյļƷ˳
Ʒʲôţ򣬶һˣЩ˶ǼΪϤġ
εǧǼˣ˲佫ɴ˼֡
Ƿϲ֣ŵϴ󣺡쿴ôȾ壬¸磬ɴɴ尡
ǵʵҲǶģôͻȻͱѪץסˣΪ˽յļƷ
ǧ̳ϵ˶΢΢һΪȾӦҲ˸ԴȻûʲôΣյģ£ȫǵԤϡ
ãˣ
ȻȾǿɾΣˣ
ʱͻȻڵϱ˽ƣʱ޷ʹö
Ȼ޷ʹöֲãǻᱻѪץס޷֮ԭǱ˽ƣѪֱǿɶ
һҪɱ
ףѪʵţһҪ˾ȳϲƿ꣬ѹţݺ˵š
ǧżͷѹͣҲ䵭˼֣ȻǾΪİ
ʱѪϸϸǰļƷͻȻ¶ЦݣЩƷĺܣԭǧĻ鰡ˣ䵽ҵһԵ֡
ǧ֣վһԵ˾һ顣
Ǻǣ˼ǧúõأڻѣֱ



1541 ս

뵽˴˾Цţȴûбֳ
Ⱦǣǧֺľŵһ㲨̧Ѫǧģ㲻䣡
ǵȻ֪ѪΪλή١
ΪǧѪѪѪѪ֮ĴˣѪŻٴν٣ȡıǧ
Ǻޣǳĺޡ
ӲѪЦеĹâѪɰҲʱ܇NɪֻܳΪҵʳ
ȾЦһȻû˶ǵǲģȫûѪС
ʱഩż·һż裬ȫǶѪļɵѪʲôǾͻʲô˿
ˣѪź࣬Ťͷֳ˾ȥȽЩƷȥɣٽǴߡ
˾󣬱㽫ȾǴȥ
ʱҲֹͣˣѪڴ˴΢ͣ˻ſˣ׼ȥɽ˰ɡ
ڰǧ׷˹ȥ
˾Ҳڴʱ˹̽˴εĵط˿̣ѪѾϵɽˡ
ǧһۣʶͷ
ܿ죬˱·ˣҲ֪˶ãһɽڣڻûϣǱڶһ²С
ŹʱҹĻ٣ϵǴм仹͸ЩѪ˿˵ĹС
ȥɡ˾ϵԲ£͵ͳһ
ǧ󣬱˾ĽŲ
ɽһȥģҲߡ
ǲҴƣֻһСĵɽȥҲ֪˶ãǰڳһһϲѭŹߴȥ
ǵĽŲɺᣬ½Ѫߴǧ͵͵ɽпȥ
ֻɽвûѪӰӣȾǱŶ˵ϣҲûκѣֻſڵϾһֻֻûϵСһ
ܿ죬ǧ㷢δһͦСɽȶȴ뵽ѪﶨСɽС
ǧĿ˻˵滹һСɽѪ棬ȾǣǱŸѲ
ʶͷ
˾ȴǰָ⣬ûʲô
ǧһתѯʵȾģôᱻץסΪƷ
˾һ£ѹ˵Ȼ˶࣬ǲ֪£ѪѾ˲ʹöĽƣȻ־ˡ
ǧһЦԭ˰
ѪСɽȥȾǾȳȻŻжǧһתͻȻ˵
󣬵˵ͷУͦõġ
Ƕ˵ãϲ˫˫ͬ
˾΢еСȫͬˣһ´꣬Ҳû˵ʲô
ʱǧѾٳɽȥۼֿؽȡ˰Ⱦϵһ
Ⱦǿ˾ʱĬˡ
ô
Ǻڰ᳤Ѫ߹
ΪλͻȻڴ˴ıΪʲô
ɰѪСɽУǾ̫ɻ󣬿ɻûڹؼʱ̳ʱȾǺֿ˷Σϲ֣Сǧ
ȾȻɴ˫ƺеš
ѪŻѾ˰˿̣Ȼǰ⵽һΣģ
˲伤ѣ˵Щʲôͱǧˣ˵ʲôǽѪ˵
ϤвţһеһжڸǧѾˣûѪｵ٣ǻ
ȾǱȥͷѵģһ뵽нƣҲֻܸ鷳ѣŴֻܱ꣬ȳȥˡ
һ뿪ǧͷζһۣһӾ˶Է˼
ڣѾȳѾû˹˼ɣֻʣѪˣ
˾һۣѹʵȥ𣿡
ߡǧ䣬
ǽȥԺ󣬿ıǱʹŪشѪϰţʹ֣ȱٺĥ
ǻءǧĻ棬ֻúЦشӣĽ˾úЦء
ϤŮѪоٶȻ£ӲŤͷǧԺ˫ɵɴȫǲš

ܵģѾ˰ѾˣΪλҪͻȻ֣
ٵģ϶Ǽٵģ˭ٰģ



1542 äĿ

ǧֻ÷ЦٵģٰģôܣҾңûٰܹңǰĲлʧܽٵɱ²°
Ϥйǰл飬Ѫٴεɴ˫
Ȼ֪
˵ǧ
Ϊʲô
Ѿˣûܽ٣˵ѪͻȻĿͶ˷ϣĴʦǲʲôֶνǧˣ
϶ǵģ
Ѫ۾תţͻȻģһ֮ɫЩ֪Ӧýǧʱܻ
ʲô취ģѪƺҪҳʲô
ǧ˫ֻأ˵ᰡ
ܹ˸ᡭѪﲻϵţͻȻɫһ䣬뵽ˣǰװױǡ
ǧЦţ˵
ʱѪֽĿͶ˾ϣطģ
ͼྐྵұɶ񣬿ɶ
Ѫٴ˻ɲɽСʯϹ䣬ȴǺۡ
ǵġ˾ûЦ⾹Ȼº˲٣е
ΪʲôѪﲻŵؿ϶㲻
˾󣬾Цƭ˵Ҫͳ½ȴýҳΪūܹˣڣҪΪԼ
ԣЩˣҪɱѪʡ
˾ͷǵģҲܶΣԣֻңôǲû뵽
Ѫб˾ĿҲɱ⣬Ҿ֪඼ûһöҲû뵽㾹Ȼҵط˾һֱڸ𣿡
˾Цŵͷ
Ѫ￴еŭ͸Ũˣˣһͼ౳ˣɶ
Ȼǵͼֱֻ࣬ѵĹգǵڣһܲ䣬Ѫеŭͺԣ˻𣬾ɽҲЩ𶯵ĺۼ
˾ûбѪв˳۵ӣЦ˵Ŀ𣿽Բ֮ҹȫʹƷֱǷߣܹ
ѪȻɴ˫˾ȫǲţô֪
ˣÿʱÿ̶ҪβȻָƣǧǵĵ˾Цţɤġ
ڹҧǧֺǺţ˼Ľ
ϲҲͬܿţı龹Ȼǧһ
ȴǸӣ·ǰⳡ־ûʲô¡
˾СˣѪ˵ţɾˣΪܴѪѪǣֻǱѡ
äĿţǧЦ
ŭѪȵĳһɲǣӿǿٿɽзϮǾ絶Ƭһ㣬˲佫˵ļۣ·Ҳһ뽫˵Դ
˫˻䣬ɲǼ䣬ǶȻľȻֹۼû¡
ѪȻɴ˫ŷƣʦιȻ鴫ȼףǳ
Ϊƾһ׵ķΣܽҴ𣿡ѪЦţ˾Ѿ˽ƣ㲻ܶεģͻǧѾˣˣΪָܹ۷ʱڵ
ڷϲ֣ûСС
˾ЦЦ˫ֻߵɽ⣬ѽнƣǹԹԿϷɡ
ǧŤͷһ۾Ϳ˾ľٶδ˵ЩʲôֽĿͶѪϣȫЦΪûлָʵ
ѪͬЦȫš
ǧٴЦԥҪҪԼ˵뻹ˣʱѪﶨȻ֪ʵˣ˵Ҳ൱ڸһѶ
һ˲֮䣬սٴδѪٴλӶųϮڻӶʱ򣬺һȵĻűŷ
ȶŨң˲佫ɽŪȲ·һӾܽ˻ȫƸɾˡ
λ䣬ɽڵϢƺ䵭˼֡
ѪᣬŷΡ
ɶˣԼ׾˷ôභȥĻ˵ҲܵشΪԲ֮ҹʵǰʵڲս
ɵܰѷأ
ѪһתĿͶǧϡ
ǧץסĻο϶սģ
뵽˴Ѫٴų򣬳ǧķϮȥצӼ񣬾ĵһ㣬û뼡жȻƤ


1543 

ǧˣ΢΢һȴȫûѪУܿȡռڵķȣڷȻʱһɫĹâƿն
âȣѪɢĻ滹Ҫȼ֣ǿҵɱ˵սľ
ѪȻɴ۾ȫǲţȫѪҺʼˡ
ô£
ǿ󣬾ԲʥħеİѵѾΪˣ
ˣǰЩвƻвಽ׵֮ĪǣǸ׵
ôܡѾܵشô˳ף
ʵ̫˰
δףһɫĻţѪ㲻Ǳգ˿
ͷһ¡
𡪡
ǧͷζһۣʤ׷
һлŻϵħһϵħħ׵һӾΧձù£Ҳ˲Ҫȥ
Ѫﱻͷһɻ׺۾һһֱѵķ׷ȥ
ֻá顱һ׵ħֱֱѪϡ
𡪡
Ѫ۵ٴξųҪħӳЩħǳټԲ֮ҹʵúԺħʦԿ
ǷŹҰɣֻһֻѪѣǷŹң½ǵģǵ˿ɺã
Ϊ˻ѪﲻϧΣرĹȡ
ǧǸȵģֻرЦڼʱͦģҪ˵ƷᶷȫնɱôͣȻҴ۽簡
ķ̣Ѫ㱻ǧ·һ뽫ɱϧʵ̫ˣ岻ϵħ
𡪡
ѪٴξУһαһûһɫĻչÿһļӾͷ·ȼյһ㣬һһ㻯ˮΣٹһͻȫһ
ѪҲ뵽һ㣬Ȼɴ˫Щŵؿǧ
׵ģϹŻ֡Ѫ󣬾ǿЦЩģֹһȫˮΣؼ䡣
µĽȫƽ⣬һ̫Ҳ𣬽ؼһյͨɾһ㡣
Ҳ˵Ѫͳεʱڽˡ
࣬ٴһȨڲūˣ
ǧŵϵһ̲ˮգЩȻѾ׽𣿡
ǵġƿ꣬˦ӣɲ֮ɫĵˮţһͽ̯ˮպˣۼû¡
ǧһۣЩ档
ν͵Ѫƻһ̲ˮҲпĳط£ҽж㲻ٸˡ
ԭˡǧЦŵͷ
֣ԴḧŪš
ϲվһԣЦӯӯ׵Ѫﶼûл֮
ʱ˾Ҳ߽˶ڣǼѪѾɱ⾪һ
ѪˣȾЩ㱡
Ҳͬˡ
˾ȴǿọ̈̄û̫ľȣΪһжԤ֮С
ԣѪѾˣϵĽӦҲѾ˰ɣǧǣͻȻ˼ϲá
ȾŴӻ㱵ȷϵĽѾûˣǾ˵ѪѾˡ
ͳΣһȨˣ
ˣˡȾƿ꣬⼤˵ţҲ˵ġ
ûǸ˶ã㿴վһ˾ڰ᳤Ѫ߹˸ôãԲ׽ߵġ
˾ȾǣɫƺЩѿ
ǧ˾һۣ˵˾Ѿ̸ˣѪһ͸ۣһڰɢ
ȾĲһ£⡭ĳǺڰ˿ɽƻĺܡ
Ȼǳɵġǧƿ꣬˵ôˣ˲ɣ
˾ϵЦҲе㵭ǧͷζ׵ģټȾǵʵȷܲ
ȾĵҲ԰˼֣̲סɵСİҿҲȱ㡣
ǧͷһЦŵͷ֪ġ
˾վһԣǵ˲㶣ң
ѲɣǧҲˣ
Ӳ֪Ҳֻнղȫˡ
˾ƿ꣬Ļá
ǧЦţл佱
˾Ŵ꣬β
ȳȥͻȻŵɽ


1544 

̧ţ뿪⴦ط
һ뿪ܵͷŨ⣬ϣһ˲˼Ϊů
ǧϸϸͷϵ⣬˴꣬ѪˣҲúúãΧҲǻɵˡ
վԣǳ͵ǰ
εǧЦŻһֺۣܿ쿴һԵ˾⴦طɣǿʼ
⴦طȷܲ˾ºͣȷʵʺϾĿǺҪҾ𣿡
Ȼģ̌°ͣȫǰȻ֮ɫҪģô;ڣ
˾ǺһЦǧĵطüͷͻȻһ塣
£ѾףԼ˾ʶס꣬ɫԱ䣬ָֺܿ˹
˭˭Ӯһڴ˿̾ʾˡ
̧°ͣ˵Ǳ㿪ʼɡ
ǧͬЦɰʼɣۡ
ٴ⼸ۣ˾ɫٴһ䣬ƺˣٴλָ
ûһ˱ͬʱͳȣײһ𣬽ţһɫĻ泯˾ϮȥȣһɹС
˾һ㶣һĹƣЩСҲŴˣ˾ϲûκ˺
ǧϵԣȡ
ٴϵħһɲǣɫĻûΪһֱֱ˾ķϮȥһ˲¡Х֮ľƿή·ǳ
Ǽ˾Ҳһ£ħʦȻͬ죬Ŵ꣬һһĹơ
ţҲϵħһɲǣʺѪĻХͬѪɫһ㣬˺Ȼ
ǧһѪɫˣ뵽˸ղֻѪ겻ɢء
üеɫøŨ˼֣˿ȴŷվԭûжûһȻӶŷȣٳһ
̣˾ȻɢˣЩ澹ȻС㣬˲ʧˡ
˾ˣ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ԼĹƾȻô׾ͱ⿪ˣҧ˫ٴϡ
ɫĻ棬ʺĻ潻֯һɲǼ䣬γһΪĻ
һΪģħʢ磬Ʋۡ
ǧһ㣬ٴϣѩ׵һ΢ͬһá
˾һâ
ڲĶˡ
ǺڰĻ᳤潻򲻹һЩֶΡ˾ЦһǧĿҲ⣬ʱ򣬵ǧٴϮʱȻֱֱһƣܿ㵹ˡ
վΧķϲǼˣ˲件

ǧüδʲô仯֣һ˾ķȥеѪ﷨ɢȻɱ⣬˵սľ
ǧҪӽʱ˾ͻȻһͦкһʲôǸ買⣬ɢһΣն˵Ϣ
ȥɡ˾ͺһǧδʱ򣬽ǸĲ
˾ΪҪʱⷢˡ
ǧ˫һΣеķȾȻ˶ذףذͻȻһֱֱ˾ĸС
ǧȻѸڶذһɫĹâ
ǹâޱȣ·ܽ˵궼ˡ
ܵǻȶȣ˾Ȼɴ˫Ҳ˲óޱȣ
ǧеĶذٴû롣
˾Ѫ˲
Ϊʲô˾ȫǲţЩСٶεģΪܹͻȻ֣е㲻Ծ
ǲǾСΣҲְᷢǧƿ꣬˵ǰҿ֣ܲᷢڣѾ˽⵽˺ڰ˵޳ܣȻҪ㿴ڲͶûзĻڱͱ˾˰ɡ
˾ʹЦǵ͹㰡
ǧǳǳЦţƬ̲˵Ǿллĵ͹Ϊĵ͹Ҳܸҵ˱Ҳܻ½һƽǺڰư̫ء
䣬еĶذٴû롣
˾ȴǽš
ܸܵţں䣬ĺ䡭ͷϵ̫ҫۣȣȴܲˡ
ΪҪ
Ҳڡ˾š
ʲôǧüĪ
˾֣ƺҪץסе̫ǣȴʲôץˣڰҲڣ½ϵ˶ǰαƣҴԼĵ۹ʲô
Ƶǧ˸⣬ûдĵ۹̤ܲǵѪϡ
˾Ц
ģЦСܿҲˡ˾ѾˣڰĻ᳤ѾˣڰὫڣ
ǧŲ԰׵գ˫΢΢һУࡣ
һж˰ѪĻ˾ҲѾˣ½ٴλָƽ
ҲΪڰ᳤ڰһɢɳñɢˣԴˣڰֻǳϵһҲѰټˡ
ѧԺҲٴλָ˻ԻͣķѧԺȨȾˣΪѧԺķԺ
츳õѧȥѧԺ츳һıȥԺһѧǶΪģһ˫Ӯľٶ
һݳݺɵļڣԵ˶ǳЦѯʵѾȥĶ
ǧϷεϸüۣǿ˵ȥ½ȻӰɡ
Ҳͬ⣡ʮķϲɱıģɰĺܡ
ο˶Ⱦº͵Ц⣬ó磬á
·ԵһʢķɫΪˡ
ǣҲúܺá
꣩

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ