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һҪؾʺãڱǰڮҪÿ¸дţŵݰڶ֮顣

ֲҲӦˡ

֮ĥóҹߣԽдԽ˳֣Ҳû뵽ЩȻһддһӡ



 1 

Ƕ죬˴ҹѩҶӵ˵Ŀ֦ѹ˺һ㣬ƺǳܲǵžડһһС֦ضϵˡ
ȻˣԺϵѩͱɨɾӲʯһ幤µĵӣʯϷȲ裬⺮³ů
Ű仺߳£Ӷϵ¯ŵУĬĬվһԡ
һ紵̲סǼⶳЩ죬ɫȴǰ׾òһʣһСС붼Ҳ
洩һɫñӱԵһȦѩ׵ĺëĵ۵ޡ
䳢Եءһǰʵ
˰֣ʾ£ţŲԶ÷˼
ʹѾ˺ü죬ԼȻܹľ֮У֮ȣԽ·Ҫš
ǸưͣǸšƯʺϵƿư͡
þˣȢһ費˵ҲûбʾܴĹģټһĴûаССС岻֪˶ٸ
м̵ܼû˽һӹʮּѡ
û˵ู壬ежôϬҲ
뵽һӻüͷһţסһǼҹֺǰһƢ
Ӷ󣬽ӹСеʳУĴͷİ
źͰһĶǴʱھõĲ÷ģһһ
ڲСûһεİȣ
һ֧߽ҡץס˵۾ÿһ߶ĺ·ҪƵɣĵ˷ʤѩ˫һ㵭֬Ϊ˼ɫ
ȻǴԽģȴ̳еȫȫֺ٣ǰƯòִЩ΢΢ǧǵˣ濴ȥʮ㡢ʵȴǸɵĶ㡣
վûᷢȴ˷ٵİҪһЩ
˶һ£˵Ƶĵȥˣ
ϸЩмӵ
䣺
￴˿Ͼʹ˸װ·
̲ס֮ǰҹ㣬㵽ǲʲôĿɡ
һݣ紺ů˵˵ϣƵĴ˴֣½С
ʳķ˶˳ŵľϣһ̵Ķ˳ʱйſϡ
ôЩ嵭Ķ
һַڰϣһḧŶͷ˿ڵΧ̻ûСŵá
䱻ֱһ£㣬ů¯ů;ҵģȡů
ʶƼıİٺһЦոջַŵĲš
˽ѵİ࣬ױݾµʵڼﻹôʢװʲôˣ
ֵؿһۣߡԺ֮͸˵òˣ֪ĻΪعѶˣҪǻסฮҿǱڶˡ
ȻǸС̾Ǹ׵İ̲滣ҲǸöǵģǰฮԼҡ
ﻰȫԹúμҴţһ쵽Ǽܣ˵һҪǼסʮ£μҳϢôһҲ
ݵȥμҲ⣬ɺμս䣬ɥ㲻ǷฮʱʱμҲǰͲȥ
ĬĬ࣬ҿ鲹Ҫฮǲܡ
ֻǾ˯ʱڶ˵ӣ˸еķǿ϶ġ
˵̲ʱĽ·Ưζ𣿣⴩ԺǱ߹һ̵ø׹Ƶġ
һ˵һ߹Цеͬؿһۡ
Ϊ̳ԹĿɲ٣ƾֲԲڸֳ涪¾ȻΪôһʤ㣬ȻǱڵ̫ˡ
̺ԭİ䣬ҲΪԭصŰ裬˵̣ĹŮ˵һֻΪýڸбȽǿѡ
룬һƷ
ػһΣ˵ǿϱ˵۸̫ңͥԶʤ˵ζ
ɤӣԾԾԡ
˵ڶ⣺ⶫģ
ģζﲻһ̲סޣҸӵһǸò㣬˼ϸӡ
䷭ۣƤһأʵ˵ҾҲһɡ
Ķ̱ƻõ󣿵һѰĸ첲˵˵
УԽ۹⣬Ķֹò㣬˰˶ƵУͶŵȻҹάĻ
Ǽӵ˳ô֪Ҫ˼ǾԲ
ϱ˵ȻҲʲô£Ϳ˼ҵĵ꣬ʽʽĵĶ˼û뵽ԽԽãΪһ򿨵㡣
뵽񽥽ȥ
֮ԻᴩԽҲΪĵǳ𣬲֪ԺֵĶŮǻص졣
󲻾ãһɫҩ֭˵úҩˡ
һŵǹŨζ͵θڣӻ˵ɡ
ŰҲڣ׳׳ӣŲ˵ǰҲҷţҩ˾Լ͵͵ӶҶ˵ġ
Ȼ˻һһţҾ˵ôüȥĿҲãﻹԺȥﻹԸ֪֮Ҷൣ𣿡
СûôĹէ˵仹е㲻ӦתתȥССԼõġ
Ϊתưע⣬ʵ˵ץûУ
ԺļҹӹŮһתһխСĵطéűһ£ȻԽ֮ˡ
Ķôף̧̧°ͣҵʱѩʪ͸ˣͷϻôѪǮһ٣ֱ
Ŷ
ͻȻ˷ܣ˵컹Ǿү㱧أû뵽ƽʱˮݣؼʱôϣûѾͷͷð̵ģ
ںȲ裬ǺһڣᶼƳˣү
̳еļ䣬λүռ˺ܴƪһ⣬˼񽻷滥೰ʲôܲܣ湦
֣ĵȰҲôˣܸүǿǻϰܣʲйŮ˭˵仰㵹ãôõһ͵ӣ˼Ҷӡ̫á
䣺Լ׽ûˡ                        
лҪ˵޸꣬Ķ~

 2 

ڣ׵һЩҪ£󣬻һ²衣
ܵð֮ʵ޵ĸ˿ڲˮЦе˵
΢̿֡
ĺѾףһ˫۾ԸӥƵܴģʹǻϣҲᱻ۾һ㲻СĲ
ֱֱӣʵﲡЩûУ
һлϹģСŮ޴󰭣ֻⷸ˻δ׽ãֻ»þеİյǰ
ϻһٽأ޻ɸڽѲߣôҰġ
һݣʥ
ˣǲʵҹȥģûðɣ
һЦ˳үؿ㣬΢ԭмִɣ֮º֪Ȼʵ΢СŮŵл
⻰ǳҲˣԶɽȥȡһ֧Ϻõ˲Σðȥ
ǣǰ԰𹧾ү롣
ȥ󣬻޿κε̾Ĩ˰ƣ̬оͷ˼֡
ܵλٲ˰ΪǰһУѡվԼͷŷְһΪΪ񣬵Щֵܱһ𶼻ԥ
ΪܹʹԼͰԶվͬһϣҲɷѿģκΰβŲò
ܽ׼ŮΪ̫СֻýԼܣҲǾүϡ
˵ܵܣһòȾҹӶãƷҲһһĶҽԺãͨȫޣ˰˭Ů޸
ֻһ⡭
ϣүˡͨ
ʱ񣬲֣
ѹЮһްѪɫŴɫҲģһ˫۾˸еЩ顣
֡
æҲЩ񡣡
ѿۻûüȥĲյλ
үϾԻģų׵ܵܣΪŵˡ
̾˭Ȼͷ۵λ
ѳĬһȻˡ
һϲҪû࣬Ǿ͡
û˵꣬˵ˡܣԹѾãΣܱǰˡ
ϵǸոֿȥĵطˡ
ߵǰֹ̾˰ˣ׼Ѿͷ˵ƢԹŹ֣úܣĶ㣬ٸѰù
һݣл֡
ͬĶԻѾ飬ÿԡû/ΪֵַΪʼȻԡǰ׼ѾͷҲôϰˡ
һ֮󣬵ֻʣ»һˡ
͸ѵĶԹСʱͿʼʱĸ׽ϴŲʮ´İʺڣҿЦСѱ䡣
ʱСѱһʺѼϼܣڵСرС䲻Ҷ
Ȼ󡭡˸ϡ
СΪûٱӹЦȻǺ˰䡣
ƫƫҲǸʡ͵ĵƣԺÿÿԶ汨ȥ϶ԽԽ䲻ǰǰɣͬˮľȴǸı䲻˵ˡ
Żϵı飬ȴôҲĥ͸ֻðվһԡ
Զɽһ
Ͻǰūڡ
ͻȻӣɸֵ˵˵׼ѾͷʱôͲأƫƫáϣ
ЦЦοĪ˵үͰԵأմүͻฮ׼ҹҲǶøжġ
ǣһ룡
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ฮڣϽӹСе˲Σס̾ǻ͵Ķˣȥš
ʲôţһһŵظϵ鴮ʹЩģ˼ȥ
һȣ͸ģ
۾ڵȫǡ
ĪǡΪ˾ү飿Сʵ첻Ǿү𣿡
үˣ϶ӣǻϵ׵ܵܣȻ԰ͻ
ϵͷǳ˵ôô벻أǿǾү
̧бүΣ
Ͽ첽Աߵϣ˵㲻֪ȫǾûвҪүŮķˡ
𲢲شǷͻһֱȷʥȷʵһλպ˭벻
һʥʼһִ˺ͻиϵĻᡣ
üͷ𣬽Ҳ˵ˣԸȥ׼
ɫͰԷԵһ룬ӶҴҽ˵ιˡ
һţʲô˵㲡δ˼ˣȥɡ
Ӷǡ
ȵȣ߽ڣױǰһ֬Ĩһ£Ȼ˵ɡ
Ӷȥ̲ס֪ûģΪλԺ
ҪǰҶ԰ĵĻʲôԴǹԺȻйɲŭζȴ࣬ϴиѾͷǰ˱ӣȻֻǽúôɨƬɾѡ
ݸʢһЦһµ㿴Űɡ
ʱ̴û֦չˡ
ɨۣ˶ۣǸˣǳСϲǰֱֳΪ졣
۶ûӵʾ԰꣬Цŵ캮ضģһˣ¡
ͷһϲ⼸СѾ߳ȥϢ˵ԴˤԴ˺Ʋ٣ţû뵽ˡ
̴áડ죬ԭֻڱʹӣû¡ǿϺŸɣ
Ѭ£һֱԵŮԾӣö֮ͰฮŮһִһǾǵĴ˻ġ
һǴ£Һﻹ˵Ҫһֱôȥҿɵöľ˾ˣֲ߶ȱء
üëһ̧Ӵô;ǸӷȲƿռߵĺô
ŭ˵ͱ죡㼴㲻ú߶ţ㰲ʲôģ
ˣЦ£òһΣĶ߶ŵ˵ҽôû¶棬ֲģɲֹһˡ
Ҳ֮һֱá
⻰ȷŰԴˤɵ˵ʵѽ㶼ô˵ôˡ
Цеضһеļװģ˼֡
Һûʹ˵һ֧Ϻõ˲Σͽ˸˼͵ĶвõģŹ˶ãҸоɫòء
һһ˿ʣֱܿ˵Ȼ
˲βʲôϡϡǻ͵˲ΣǰǼҲùϵʹͣȫҸж£Ͳǹȥһ¶׼Ķͺ
ҡŻġ
˵ҲһڵĻֻʿˮԱ߹ֵš
Ҳ֪ɵǼɵͰһ˵ЦŰôһȫˣڵʱŻȻƵġ
ѽҲãֻԼ죬˸ʢһ롣
͹̼޿κεɫˬ˸޽ʵȥûʣģʢôȥ
̻ش𣺡һЩιһ£Ͼ˵꣬ȹǽŲˡ
ͷð̣ʣĶװôȥô򷢽лأ
ƫƫ仹лòؿϵĶǲö¶մӦõģҲùڸˣһϲ˿ɾͲˡ
һ뷢ⷢ˵ʥϲֻл㣬ɫˣȻȥˡ
˵꣬㽫еҧгݿ첽뿪ˡ
ҪҪȥ
ʲôͣԸҵĶǣ˷ȥƳԡ

 3 

ǾõУһ̶ûһ߰ױһ˵
Ӷһڲ裺Ȼǹò˰̶ϧ
䳯һִۣŴľӶͭô֪ܿԭòһģһ
һӣȴȥ»ԸؾЩĶ
ǡһպãþЩιǱ߿϶Ҫ˵ûฮŮеȡ
۽΢Цûֵĵ˵˵ǽȹеĹͷ࣬
ǡ
ͰһͬϷһϲЦտŮģǶҲĽá
͵һԵ裬ȻѾϰ˽ϵÿԴһͬ˵ǣλСʱϲˮ飬ÿγȥļҵĹӲ࿴ָۣôҪȢأ
˵ϵЦݵ¼֣ĻĸǰͺҶµģŵԣүһ㶼ģۿѾˣ
ŲôˣЦ˵ŮСżôͰŮȥŮ߶ء
ⷬýϿĲ٣§ڻıӣﵱȻ᲻ãôԵŮҲ᲻ñЩСӣ
Сûĸһ˵̲ס۾ᣬסˡ
΢죬̽ſڵơǼ𣿡
ƽĶӣ÷Σ԰ӣԵҲϡ档
迪ڵﲻżԺӶǣںһ
˵̲꣬סЦ
һڣȴƫƫв֮ϲƱ˵Ļ֡
ݵּϸһζЦһţ֪ɩڸʲô
̿˰һۣЦȻڸδˣи湫ӲŻ磬ĵҲãϴڽϲСŤ˽ţ˵Ͱͻˡ
۾һУ˭δϹͱŮôܵľٶ᲻ִѽ˯ž˵ûôŵĹŴˡ
ҲǸöװͿԼԿ뷨ͱŮ˸Ҫá
Ȼ⻰ɫһӱѿ̹ȵ㲻ڳԴװɣ湫ֻǿǽõķϲòΪҪ湫ֱŤɣɾʹˡ
Ц̲ô͵õһһ׵ġ
Ȼ󣬡䲻Ϊ˱ӣм湫ӼΣ㵹ãһС¾鷳˼ңǱǡҪµˣҶݣʹ˼ң
˼ҶǼҵӡǶԽӡһΪǽԴ󣬶Խƫôֲ
ҡ⡭
˵Щ䶼ֱӷƢڱ˿ҲǰŰ裬ݵһʱЩ޴롣
Ļû꣬ϳɫõӣ׽͸Īǣǳĵأ뻵ҽĻ£
ʱˣѾͷɲô˵һˣż˲õ˵Ҳ̫Сˡ
̼˵Ȼǰ֪ƽﲻϲңɡҲѽ
ĸŮһҵıǷ켫뷢ͱ¡
䶢Ц
̶һۣӶԷпĪҪʱ˵е£ֻǸÿЦףһˣĲ㣬Ժô죿
ɫһڣýѵĿ˵Ҳ˵һĸûŵѾͷȥǻõ
ĸĻֶŮ𣬡ңѲ֮ǰݲ˵ĻԭԭҶһˣĶż˲õ˵ĸҲδ̫Сˡ
㣡
һ仰Ҳ˵ҪǳڷǾǴԼ
ȫΧۣǹͰ绹Լӵ˵пԣˬ켫ˡ
ˣóˡǶ䵽ѵ
Ҳо˿ڶ泩٣ǻҪȥԸͲˣģͶ̶˵˵ơ
˵꣬Űˡ
ȥԺСѾ߳ϲˮ־ʹѾϣСˣصĹͷҲҽа壬ҶҪߴ磬úýѵһصѾͷ
*
һĸŮʢſżźӡǩͷ
䲻ɫشΧһУ׹֮Ӱ죬ھĹĻˮ£׹֮ңѾ˻ҡ
ֱȵۼݱ»ʵǻ󣬵һ¾׹ƣ׽ҡײƭĽʿγ˺üͼҹҵĹ̡
Ĺϴϵÿ죬Ǯ͵ӣˣϲûзĹ
񣬴ⷽϣٹµ۶ǼڲᣬǩҲӦĹڡ
俴һĳɱڹˣ⵹Ǹ롣
ɮ˵ĴڣϺ㣬Ǯ強
һͲСɮϲˮ󣬶ԽϹˣ
ɻؿϵһȥȥ
°ͣʳָպ˵ˮںľд֣˵ȥʲôˣ
üǻ˵ǵԵȥˡ
˼򴽣ߵģʹ޵ɫγɼ󷴲ҲǶѾ
֮Եﻹ֪ԵǺûǻ;᲻һţҪĵ̫ˡ
һһ渵ôҲ˾Ŀʲס
΢΢һϲ⣺ôһλôԻˣ̶Աôģ
֣˵˵ԴһĻܱ㲻Ҳһԣ
һƺԴϣƵһ죬䡰˻£û뵽־е
ǲˤһԴֱˣǲ綼ܱȹȥˣ

*
˺øź˵ҶЩտˣһٰüٻ󡣡
ϸ˸Ŀڣǹһ˿ЦݣʵҼ
³һʵѧղֻóţԵȥƺСʱͿʼˣֻǲ֪Ϊ˽нԶʧĵز
⡭
˲صģԵһشת۵㣬ܿ죬֮ܺ˳ˡ
üĿǳлˡ
ˣˣ
迴˿ϣСŹȥѵ徲֮أСУɺͳ
ǵļͷմʪƤϡ
ˣˣ

 4 

κתѣƺһһһ˶챻ˡ
˻ԴһʼԼĻ
ֽűסﻹһ黹ɾİײżУû˵
ԣӦĳĽҰ롣
ʱͣһֻ֣Ͻ۾װԼš
ÿӵϸ˿֣ʾ̧ȥ
Щܴ󣬰о򶼿챻ˣֻǰϳҪٳ룬䲻֤г
ӳһưܵķӣܣһžĻҳ
Ű˰ҲޣֱӰӽ˸һ˿Ҳ޵С䣬ȻֱذѰеİײ˳
Ӳ䱻ˤۣҲᣬ̲ס˼ֱǰˣ˭ĻǰŪʲô
֮ǰͰһȲԵģȻŵһ㣬ûþ˹ȥ
˲ûлشĻһ˿أȫȥһΨһš
µ۾һ̲ƵضŰ䣬ֱЩëСʱ򱻰߶¡
СС֮̾ңǮ¶£ôҲฮò
̽ԵؿʵҪǮ𣿡
˲
ǰ̽̽ǮҼеǣ˵ҼңЩζöˣҪȫȥҸˣ
ĴӦùҲôɣ죬ô·ôĪǼرĸռˣڰ׼ңҲǳ׸ģҸˣһܻȥ׻һ
죡ƺܹ˰룬ڿڡ
ȴʶ˲ԾϱǸưͣһֱûԼĽǶԱ˵С
Ȼò˵ǹٻϸ΢Ĳȷ˾ԲǵƵĽٷˣǴĽٷˡ
*
強޵òѣһĹôͻ᲻أ˵ûпɵˣѾͷƽʧ˲
˲ҪģǺúʣ˵أҲżúܣȴҲֻһһȰ侲

ҡҡλεˣ
ոմӹ糾ǣ˵Ըô᲻أ
ϰ֪Ķ˵ˣ֮ΡΡذŰֱۣ᲻ᡭ᲻ǰ̽ǵ٣ҪǮȥ˰
ᣬһ£ûһ˿˵ֻƣûҪֻ°¶
үǾȣֱŨŨĵڸǹȥǣǾΪΣ
˼Ƭ̣վԱߵסֵ強ΧЩˣ
ӷ𣬡סֵۻǣȴ強Ҷʶ˰ҵĳ·˲֮ǰ뿪ˣ˶ڷϢ
⻰ͽͬʱɫ·ˡǰųϼ𣿡
΢ȥﲻĵط
Сɮͷһμүһˣսսش򿪷ţΪλˮ㣬û뵽һͿͼλѾεεĵġҲ֪ˡ
΢΢̧ʾ˵ˡ
סӣɢΧĿʲôζˣ
۾ѲڵһУ㣬аãѲַôһ顣
Цǳ˻ġ
ͷ˼ǿɶϲˡ
ҡͷʵݳǼѵȮûУ
ҪѾ˴ˡݳص
ʱȫĹǣ죬ɫˮ
̲סһǣ
ݳ͵үڸѵȮϴֻǳ˴̿͵һСﶼҵǴˣ˵ӵζˡ
ЦȰӿҪԶЩЩ׶úܣι˶ΪˣҪ˵ǲϤˡ
ٽӴЩǽǾûεǣ
Ǽ⻰ŵطһǽøˡ
üͷ𣬱۳˵
ڹ˵ѨƵһشǿŸ߰Ĺͷ
ɴ۾ûشѾ֪ˡ
ûпԼʱĶƲѾϣӶüˣǰ˾ܹרҵѵģȻЦ
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Ůóһϸ룬ȫιιιҪʲô
һЩֵֹ¿ûʲôס˵ϡƽĸѨλЩ֮ġ
ҪǣЩ˲Ǵˣиó׹֮Ĺôܲţ
֫۾ֱӣҪҪôңŹ˼Ӱ
ԽԽԼ˹Ůһ䣺Ȼôҵˡ
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ЩܵŮ෴ķ򣬵ĪģԼʱΣգƺΪȡǼѪġ
һͨˣȡѪʲôأ
нֻѵĹмŹٱָ㷽
ܿ죬˾ͱذΧΪ׵ǸһѰѰӱ˱ѩĴ󵶵ϣȫվű𶯣
ƽĹٱ䱻ʣǰǸ˸ֹͣĶûãӺվһͻ͸ͷˡ
һ۾ϳǸѣ񡢲õɫ֪ĻΪר׷ɱġ

 5 

үΪ˰ǿ찡õŰ䲱ӵ˵
ݳǵؿ¸ѣҶ֪ðүף׮µ̬ҲһֱһЩү˳۵˾ڱ˵ֻǻϵĹߡ
үǾ޴ĳ衣
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ϵĵܵøЩүƺûڵʽǰﲻػȥү᲻
ǽʾ֭˼ӣЦø񣺡ҪƽҪƥǧ˺·ҵ˰ȫĵطȻˡ
ݳɫӣڵү
ȵȡѽӹԱһ˵ĳһ֧°
Ű˺һͣ㡭㲻ү
Ѻƶӥ˵Ļȴɢʲô
˿󣺡ЩҵˣҪ˵ү͵شˣǻ᲻Ļ
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 6 

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ݳЦǡ

 7 

մǰͨ죬ֱֻϣýһ¡
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 8 

̽ԴƵﵽűߣлүСŮˣձغúøлү
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һպټҪؾ񣬲ӣɵһȻܿ
ڶڱǰڮң񡮸ˡ֮ĻǲҪ

ѵûҺãһԸòŵӣƽЩȤ
ӽÿʮһţŵҪұʾʺãҪʾҵ֮顣
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 9 

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¶ֲ֣˵û

 10 

ţô˵Ҳæûͽ顣
նлүһȥ֮󣬱Ϊү׼ͬү֮һȥ
ѿߣվΪģ
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ůͣæųԵĸ㣬ȻҲûע⵽ȥʱԹĿ⡣

 11 

תۼϾҪˣڹ磬ٹЯҾ쵽вμӡ
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λŮ㵽ӲͷƤ˵ôסˣ
ǣЦһȻҾ͸㣬סʳ²ؤǰȥЩȵʳϾڲݶȡů
ˣȻƵĵ԰㵱Ȼ˵ûסˣΪ˵Ǹˡ
ǹŮһһ󣺡⡭ʲôϵ
ɨȥǰգҾҵѾͷ֮һΣȥ˺ʵıӺ·ǣ˺Щʳȥ
˵Ƿθ壬ȥЩİ壿
ǹŮ˿ΧˣĿٵشЩǴߵذһߣĥá죬һ仰Ҳ˵
㡣ֿλпͣʥ˶˵ദӦעص˵ڶſڱտھ˵òԡ
Цһֲô궼С
ӣҪǶ飬⻰൱ڵӭһ⡣
п˦ӣϰֽŶ֪ĶţƫƫпСʯӣһע⣬ȵʵʵػϡ
ӣЦһţЩңҿոû벻ͨȥͰܣȻڶľˡ
㣬Ķ˵𣿡
һϺСӣ
¾˼һϴȺ۾Ű䲻ţ㣬ҿҵˣ
¾˼ǰСӣбܳ谮СԭܣĵĹӡ
¾˼þò˵̲ס㣬Ư
п͸ոնһسӣ⻰һող˵ӦÿڣȻÿƾٲУ
¾˼һۣȻ԰ֺõ˵ԣֻģÿϣ
пֳ˱ﹾ漸䣬˵ȺԵСڸС
ͷϵ£㲻ʲô
¾˼СƵ۾ⲻǺþû㣬Ȳ
˿ܣ˵ѽνҲڰ
ע⵽ǰǰСӣҲ㡭
¾˼յýЩϤܸо
һһйֵǮĶСôܼ
Ǽ¾˼϶Ϳӣ͸㣬ȵ㴩Ǽɫɴ£һܺÿ
ֺõسЦ£ʵ̫ˣҪһʮأҾʹܺǮ򣬿ǵҴչǮȥʱϰ˵Ѿˡ
ﻹлأϰ˵ˣҪ⻮ۣҪùЩ
һʱع龲Ĭÿѽĺ档
𣿡ʰ
ûӦʲô
һģûס

 12 

ܿ͵ϣǻϻʺʾһԸλ󳼵ĸлԼϣ˳հҵȻſʼϲ˳Է
ֳϴΪʾ棬һ㲻ԣֻÿ˳ڣ¿ӡ
һתͷֱɵɵضĳ˳ſȥԱӦþλ¶Ҳ
ߣ̧ͷǡײ۾Ц£ңһΪߵĲˡ
۸̾һλķҲǺø
ֿһߵ̣ȴ̵۾Ҳճ񲻷ţ˰һֺõʵ㣬Ǹ˭
ɨһۣ˵κһ㲻˵Ҿһֱ㡱ļƣֻü򵥻ش
ĹӣԱĲ
֮⣬ͲҪŴ˼ˡ
̲ŰʵΪʲôĪû
̶ʲôӦһ߹Ĺӣ˵˼ƫȴҲףƣ򲻿ɺйǣ
һƲ֪˾ĸ
Ӧһ£ȴһ£ʲôǹǣǲЩӣոͰ侴أĸôȥ˵䣿
һתҳȥ񣬺ܿͻ
ǲȥѾͷûã͹ˣ˸أʲô
æ밲£ʵλӡǲǻû
Ĩȥ۽ˮ飬һ۾Ͱ˿ƵģôΣˣ
̽һ˦֣߻˵ЦҾʡ
һƣ˭֪ԽԶԽãݰʲô˼ҳúÿиӵͷȥʸ֦
ͳȫǰıãסฮʱ£Ǿֿɿˡ
̶Ц˵ЦģͱˡֻһλҲλöء
̶ûӡͼӴ׵䲻ǴӣĹҲһģضȥ̳λ
ôһ˵̹Ȼˣ˵ġģ
֣ȻҿǹʲôҲ֪˵ĻòڣǵŮʲôף
мŮ̫ŵߣѹɵץᣬкöŮҴأҶû˵ôϸ
һǸмɬлôãҶ֪ô㡣
ӻ֣ôʲôҵĺýãҲö˭ã
̲֪뵽ʲô̾ǰʲôҪÿ;үһ˵ոӻˣ
֮ǰܵ´Ҷ֪ҲֻڱʾǸ⣬ûѻϡ
ģ캦Ҷ׼ʰˡ뵽龰ϸּ˿Թޣһ뵽֮ᷢ£ͳˡ
Ҫʰ˭ӽһߴĺӰһ֪˭
ϲү
۵޲صͷιá
ţʵϲǲ˵ҪˣôͰ㸸ʵĻ֮Ժˣ
үԹЦÿμЩģӹǾûһǾη
϶ҡҹи֪ôĹŮ˵šŻȥʰ
֪ģ뵽֮ǰ¥˵顣
첽ǰߣ̰󣺡ŮҲˣҲҪ̫ˡ
ıӰǣл̻塣

 13 

㣬ȹԺҼòãҽ׼õĿͷòã
¾˼ŤŰ䲻֣а䲻ӦϾͿ޳ļơ
仹û¾˼ȻСģͦ־κͣûд
ϼ䲻ӣ˼ȹѾͷ飬Ҫʱ㵽ǶָòԶһһҲ¡
¾˼ֻգڰǰڣ㣬ҷһرóԵĵģٸһ
¾˼ոתǡײһλƵĹŮŮ²ȵȹӣƺֶۿҪҵϡ
ʯ֮䣬һֻǽڷȽס˾ƺӺ©ľѾղȥõ˰ȹϡ
ѽһϽãһ߲һߵǵźôƺòȣǹĸùù̵ܽģ
Ůɪɪ˰Ļͨһ£ū֪ū֪дū澣
俴Ϻɫľˮ֪·ǱˣǿǹŮŵǽϴ˺ܶ飬ڶĥˣ̾ɡ
Ůսսվ
ѰѾƺϣ˳ðӲ˲֣һԿĿɿڴ
ֲ㣬վ˵
ŮСÿһ͸¶ſ־壬˵λЩµˣôҪĳ£һʮȻȥ
ȻȥҲͬĲ
ôˣΧһţʲôֿ𣿡
ʺʩʩȻ߹ղԾȥЦݣθĸ۵£վ
˻һŮɪһ£ʺһ¾ע⵽ʲô
û£Żʺֱ۵·Ū˶ѣһȥһǡ
ʺŰ˵û׷˼Ȼ㲻ƽϣ¶ˣȥɡ
Ůǧл뿪ˣʺʪȹӣ밲޵ҪҪȥﻻһ
䱾ܾʺѾ˹ŮҲƴǣǾ͸ˡ
Һãһ·ϻûˣĹŮһӰɫ·
⣬俴üͷ֪ǲˣܾǰǼһΪ
ȡӣͷϵ·ãԵͷؽᡣ
ȥҸװţȻҴȥ
С죬ϵױ͵ò࣬»˺ڵ״̬ϵױ
ŮźӻǡתžડһӵϣŮæҵؼ
ӷŵ棬˳˾䣺ô̫ÿˣֶˣ
ǹŮȻǰģȴʹ˵ԵĻ㶵ص˵ͷ
Цȥˡ
ո߳ȥͿиŮֱۣ߶µߡ

ϳǵϵĹŮɣһڰͻȷԼĲ²⡣
Ůתͷһվ¶Ⱦߡ
٣ûôȵฮüõ·ͱ׷ˡ
¶ǰ鷢֮£ǰģ
ǣūֻǲСġ
ѺȻ˵ʵ
Ůʹһţһ²ҽг
һۣſ֣ҪһЩôķӦ
䲻˹ŮûеķְǿһС·
Ҽ磬һɫɴȾ˵Ѫ
·ϣģ
Ůͷַɿҡͷ̫ңСǣ˿ڣССء˻һ
˰ɣǰˣ˭ʸ㣿䱧˵
ŮͷŽż⣬Сū£ū澸ô򡣡
ˣҲøȥеĺӶӰҲôȥ˰ɣСַˣʱӸѰˡ
Ůþòܻ񣬵ȷӦѾˣϽ£뿪ķ˺üͷ
лл
»صڽЦǼӰɫ·Ȳ¾еĿʽҲûоµĴ壬䴩ϱضǹѵζң·ֽš
ȥҪôһƬǰǴӴԺûˡ
ʺźͽ̸廰ʺ󲻶ͷֻʱʱӦ
һˡ
ϸ˵תͷոպ;үôãԽԽ⣬ֱĿŮĲѡ
ԣ֪˲ͣǴЩҵ˼
׻˵úãһأ
ǣ֣׼֣ȴһЦӭˡ
ͷϼ࣬Ƹոһ㷱أһŰʩ죬ĿǣϵЩ֬Ũޣ˼Ƥɰ
ֹǽڿ˶ڿż˳޳
ȻƷζףȥķ٣ĲõĶ
֪ĸĽ˵Щ秵ĻǼ·ҲŲźÿ
¾˼ˣ˵ʲôأ㴩ʲôÿ
ʺЦеؿȻʣ˵˵
Σ۲ÿһϵı飬ߵǣǾȻÿ˶ʾ˻ٵͣЩŮʵ񣬶һĨۡ
ߵŮӵĲãϽһˮͷϷںͷһʱ㿴Ҳ˶עүƶûһء
Ĵ˼۸ѣȻƤûͰ˼
ͰǸСҲͻվһҲԼʲôСʮضŮŰɣȻһͷ˵涪һˣ
ȷʵû䣬עһֱŰ䲻ŵҲ˵ĸо˵ǵҲȫԣǿһְֺ޵ı
ʰǲǺҲʲôڣȴϵһһر
ѿԤٹ˶ã·ͻĴ䣬佫Ŀ֮ʾˡ
Ѹۣڻʺ󲻽Ŀ˰ϡ
䣺
ոո˵䣬ƺ˵纮Ȼȥɡ
Ŀɿڴʹŵ治ϱߣʲôʱ˵䣬Уҽ㻹û˵Ҫȥأ
䡣Ѳɷ˵ϵǰڲߣҾͰǼ¸߰ࡣ
ȫ㣡
һ㡱ӣȴѡ
ɣϵЦݵʺ岻ʣȸˣﲻҪ֡
ʺ۾գգѸոյľٶ̫ˣ֪˵ʲô
ǡȻȥɣȻЩҩĻȥ
лʺ
б˸һۣ˦ۿ첽뿪ˣѽһˡ
˴Ůģ¾˼ʹţΪʲôҪү·
ð죬ٴλָֻ֣аһƬ˪ȥĹŮȫһתȥСȦ
Ůͷ亹ֱð·Ѱʬεȥ޵ز̫ƽ
̤֮ǰû̵һ֪ԭүרµİãǼʶˡ
ѿߣ㲻֪ĶǣԺʶɡ
Ʈ°ѩ̧ͷһǡһıϣŪ
춼ѩˣɡã
°һض˵һѩܰôţ
Ըˣ
ѿԶѾˮѩ塣

 14 

ڽϹ๾죬任ʱȵǼ·üͷ𣬼¾ͰѸѵ
ȥôǰ·ˣ˵Īϼ·ʲô
ҡҡͷϾҹүĶԹ壬ʵĲ롣
Ҳ֪
Ѹѵųһţӵһߣôˣ
˸󶴵·ǡ
䲻һƣɫˣͶ˶һۣͬĲ²⣺ǰ
ǰ
һɿֱӵ۵ڣŭȼգֱӰǽӡ˻롣
һѽǿƲϣҾ˵û¶иŮþʲôԭ֣
һ£ҪǸովүûмʱߣֻڹѾǰ˳ԺҲ˵ġ
ʱϵѾȫķѣ϶ǿ
ֶѵ·ҹȽŴϰɡ
εһۣ֣Ѳ·ϡ
Ȼ赶ŪǹģƷζȴÿμʰĿܻŵϵζ·ҲմЩ
仺³һĦǼ͸¶žµ븵Ҳô
ͣ˾Եիȥ԰䣬ĵŰɡ
ƿһ죬̹ǵʹ꣬·ȥء
ûãһ
ôܣҺɰúúõģһ͵ˣ
ǮǲǱ͵ǲܣܵð˽˰ҲҪԷġ
ǣѾûǮˡŮƺúܹⲻȥҭҭ˵
ɣǸˣʱٻ˰ɣ
Ůӳɼ̣ȻСá
ƿӣ־Ȼˣѹ
˵Ŀϰӡ˽̧ͷȴǸʶˡ
ʱӣǼҹ˵أվ
ѲǱŲŲȵ£ſǸŮӵա
ЩĽôõһǸǮ˼ҵŮôʶ
Դôʶˣ
ЩɻŬ۾ȥӰ϶仨
ȻǰŮӵպһӶ˵һصѲŵӣ
˸ꡱƣ۰ſ͵СʵǮ͵ˣ
ѻڰȻŮӵУֱŻǡǵģǵѾͷȣû뵽̫Сˡ
룺ûǮɣҪǻȥ߹ǣ֣᲻㣿
ѳĬˣ֪ԼĲǶԵģ۾ԹЩ̽ͷ̽ԵȺȻһüۡʱʱƳһ۵İСˡ
С壡ץסǸ·ˣ
˻һƿԱߵ˰Ⱦܣһ̶ܳȥԶ
С˿ڣƤӵӣվס
һŵضǣοģСȽſ죬϶׷ϵġ
ȻһСͰ˰ڵϣ·һǳɫĺɰ
СһһְѺɰݸ䣺
ʵǲ
ϲصͷǣл
ӵһºһ඼ûаɡ
ѾȵⱾǸȵ飬Ķ᲻ġ
ʱѾʳлˣǮͺɰѣȥ˽ˣ¥ͦԶȥ
ѲŻĺ£ллл
ů࣬ƤǰҸλȥʱ;ʣһʱλҲˡ
СضŽż⣬ЦŵǼǵŮ
һĴ˾ȻฮŮ찡ȻĸһŮ
뵽Ѳؾн
乴ѵıǼ⣬·Цŵò˼Ҷˣûʲôߵ͹ġ
۾һᣬʶЩ¥µĸˣָ˱ſڱտˣ·ǵһƵġ
ЩĿҲǵˣЩӸ֣裬ʹٶĵĻ
俴ϵ·ʵʲô
ѵͷй͹˵ĸҾں߶ЩӻȥƤˡ
˰ǵļ򣺡ͦãӦҲûʲô׬ɣϴμЩ
ѷɿҡͷǵĹҾͺˣÿ춼ϡ̲˳ԣҪãûֲʵ⣬մȣ
俴գۣ˱졣
ฮˣͨĴʹѾͷÿ춼ܳһ⣬ΪѾߣǹñЩС㻹⡣
ʹ˸ɫ̴ӺɰﶶЩӣŵѵ
ƴǣסֵЩǮȥţﱨҵ֣ů͵·ʣµû¶ԼóԵġ
⡭Ȱ㿴ַŵؿϣǹģͰţùⲻȥ
Ȱ͵·ЦŵҾùˡ
üһۣĶˣ
Ҳ˵룬ﻹǺǰһ̣ЩĹŮҲǵû;үҲһˮݣ
Լܽ᲻ãйض¼򣺡ǲһˡ
*
û˰䣬ҲȺŮٿˣСһȥ磬ѡ
ƽ̹·ϸһյƣ̫๬ŮĴŵվţҲ谵Ͱľɫȱһζ
УƼһӰ߽ЩǸӰͿڵá
˭ʱ֮Ĵ𣺡ԭǾү˿ΧСոү˹ãĿɺ滵ˡ
Ҫ˵ãһӰ룬ǹϵͻͽҺɻ󣬲֪үɷΪҽ
һ֪û¥߰ЦҡͷصҺ֮Ҫܵ飬¡
̲סС࣬ʲôǳϢˣŶþͰѸѸˣȻȥһҪУ
ﴫOO@@Ҳ̤ѩ߳
ԭǾүͶ
߰ˣǰ͵ǰɡʱжһʯͷƵģؿڵ˾ˣҺþˣ
ҲȻĹˣٻȴ˵úһãǺЦʵ˵ʲô
һҭĵܲ˵ڹķɡ
ҲЦˣҲҼһЦ顣
ֻ򵥵شкվһ߲˵ߺ󣬸Ѳɫشոն˵ǼЦ£ɷ
ͰѰѩʱһɡ߸ѣں֧֧죬û˼˵
ʵϣҲûǡٲ١ĵˡ
ոҪһɡ˸˾±ѩȥ
̧̧ðǸѱµ֮ء
ʱԶฮõİȻñһԤС

 15 

ؼԺ󣬽һϴһ˵ң˵ʲôʱпգǺס
ԱߵѾ߶һ̵ϴˮѵЬ࣬ѾͷƵĻ²ÿˡ
ϹͣͣΪʲôⲻǶõ𣿻ǰµġ
ϣʲôãֻŵԣƽһһƣֱǸݰ
Ѹѽ˵ɫصݣ´ҼĬˣǸô
򵥣˵ֻ˵ͷ˵Цһܵ棬ɫɫҲ𡣡
ϵǵһǲ
ô壺ҲܱȽǳ£ǣǼǿ
룬Ĭصͷ
ͬʱƽóһ߿ధ󣺡ûʲô캦£Ҫôصļҷҵİү
ƹڵϣҳɪɪӲ֪ʲô£ǵõ߶һ
ƽմ˵ˮϣ㻹֪ʲô£үҺү棬ȥ¥˵˸ɸɾû˵Ͱ׼ҵҲҪˣ
˱ƣƽ򣺡ȥ¥棿ĸҹӲȥǶǾүҲȥ𣿡
ƽɸֵҲȥ˵ʲôǹҲ⻰˵𣿰ѷ˸
λ˵һ˵˴ϰ
ҽ˶סޣĿں޲ԼȥӰٴ
ãƽӵЩõȥ׼Һúǰ׼ǶһôҪĻˣΨʣ
ڶ죬˺ڰ׼ǰ˺һѾ߲趼ϼˣϻû
ˣ湫ӣҼҷЩ纮ǵôã¡
˺ʱܹίҺүҲֻ£߶ţǰ׷ʲôʱܳ
Ϳˣͽȥơ
Ϲһֲ裬ϲ߳Ƕλôãʵڲ˼ⶼˣôпǼ棿
ЦѰⲻҪˣ˱˶Ѿͷ
ȿȡϿǸˣԽáѾͷǲɣҽҼȥŮӳڼﲻãʶĹС࣬һȥ֡
һ֪׼ѡŮŵҲúͺ˵һһǸ𣿡
һЦҾͲ֪ˣ˶ģǺʲôѾͷõ£ǣСԣƽϡ
˴һฮϢɫ֪˵ʲôãޡ¡
Ϸ²յһԵϣҺ輰ʱס˹ӣҼҷʵֲ֧סˣǽذɣȹ꣬ҼҷЩˣٵ
Ҳ˼ŤŲţڨڨǡǾ͸
ҵһߣݹĶиո߶߲ӡ
˰˺ƶùĲյȫȥϵӵǶԺɣ
踩Ժأ˲ǶԺٸλﶼ˵òˡ
ϵͷһΪ᲻⣬ϾǰͦƵġ
Цֲǲֻ֪ҪǳúÿӣﶼۣܶԺҸӢĹүܿͻ湫˵ġ
̾ǵĵ¶ֶһʲôʱӶҲͷˡ
*
ڷһŰֽڤ˼룬ᴵʲôʺƨø⡣
žһƿ˳ܽ䱻һʲϡ
ոˣǰ˺ôûȤˣ
źëʣϵǾͺãԺ϶뷽跨㣬СЩ
֪ߣЦ˵үʲôʱô׽ˣӴӴɲ֪ߺʺЦˡ
ʲô׽ǿǰ׼ŮķϰҸæ
ˣʲôæ
½ɴ۾ŵҲ̫˵ɣôֶζ
ڻʹʲôǸŶûеɣڹҲܳ裬ȴܹ˳˳ˮļʮҲϲϵġ
Щ£֪Լ飬ǰİ仹Щ³çڿνųжȣ˶Ҳġ
ϽסȣԺɵúúûңҿ׽㣡
ͷʺţúﲻԾӦǽ㱣õ
ոдøҪ֮ʣԵõ룬˵ΥĻôĲɵ˲ˡ
˵ӣڹƵԴ޲ûĻƮߣԼ֡
սʱע⵽˽ȥ˵ʲô
үҪȥټع
û֧ʲô˵һ飿
ֱֱӣүҪȥ
һ깤õĲʺƨм˺룬·Ѿűֽ˸ѵҧгݵˣ

 16 

ڶ죬ʰ׵󣬽Ӷϴõĵĺ·зһţ׼ʱŻŵܽ
˺ˣǴųȥ
䲻ƲƲ죺ôܣǶû𣿡
תһ룬е¾Ǳ֤ƺͰĻ£ҡҡͷԼúøı䣬һ쵽ű˴ȣּ壬ûֱΥ
󣬵ĵζƮӶζӱøЩ
ôЩģ
£ֲӣǲǻԣ
Դӽ˸¯󣬰ЩСĸ˴ϧڹŴö϶ûУҿฮЩԭϼӹһ»ġ
ЩвĶҲ㹻˾̾һӵˡ
һһ룬Ȼϴθڹô죬ôǰһѣԽҲ׼Щ
ò׵µȴ˵ѳȥˣһֻôظ
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ָָ¥ϣ棬֪᲻£Ȱ˵ߣ
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ոʱѾע⵽ˣӦһ
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ѵĻҧҧ.үá
ԭЩչЩյء
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İĶѹ˰ʮͼۣ̫ˡز
һȥʮֳ¾ɣҲȫʧȥ˹ôô
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۾ԲԲģԺÿ˺úùֵȻ˵Ӷû˵ȥ
ƹƼ˸ѵɫָϽһжС˵ĴǾүС˻֪ڸģ
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
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ȻʵǶã
һ˺þõ⼸죬ʲô
ǾͶˣָǰۻҵĶһ͵Ҹ񡣡
æܾôʹãǰ׼ҹҲ¥һСѾͷô񡣡
˵͵𣬡ֱ֣㲻ϰ壬Ǯ
ӣԴκģܵĶˡ
ȻԴ񱻱ˮϴƵģһص顣
ѿ˿ΧڰСǲҪҹӳˣҸ㽲ǧҪֹⳡѽ
湫¥ĳͣǶȥһǧÿκö֮䡭Ǹϲ
һƵǶ
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Ȱߺ󣬸ɨۿĵͷҪ仨ѣǼôˣ
½ǣ㽵ȻҼƯҲáĵŮˣ
ѣ

 17 

ȥʱҲߵţݺȡ¶ڻ¯Ͽ˿֣ѵԶЩϸ·
ôء䲻Ϊ⣬̿ͺܸӵءžһŵһ
Ѿ̲סЦӶɵա
ܿǰͶһۻһСʣ֣ʼڸ֮
ʸոջѾߣûߣ
Ѿ߼üŪۣûأ˺˸ɵۣǷһֱװ˵̸·˾һ˵˵ˡ
ȿڲǿƣ֮ǰҶɫʱҶֱӲÿ쳤˲ӾҶһ棬Ҫ˵˾Ǽûţ
Ӷ͵ǣ˭ѽ
Ȼ˷ɣҶߺ󣬰ڽǰתɩǣôҲ˵ҳˣ̶ҲڼﻵˣͬҲð
Ϸһӽϸʺ֪ү˵ˣԺǼҪٺҲǲòӦš
ĵฮʲôǺƾ̶ÿ°Ѿͷ̶ȥˣ
ݲɩҰѵС壬Ѿͷӵ鲻Ͷˣ˵ʲôأ
ϱۣڶͷϰ˰ʲôͶˣѶ˭ҪŮ˭ùȥɣ
Ͼ˵°ݵ죬û뵽ݻ˳ģ
ݽŽɵҿ̶Ҫˣ
仰̶Ҫʲô£
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һ£ۼˣȰݶֱ棬Խ˵ʱٽңȻطһ
˵꣬ͷҲصˡ

ܻתֵȻȥɣȥĲʲôʱá
صԺ󣬰ݵûСѾսսǰ裬̧־һƣ£רĵطʹ
Ѿʹȴ˵֣Ȱݵ꣬ŻλƵ߳ȥ
÷СѾ߿޿ܳȥʵôˣ
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ͷһң뵽ϺŮС˵־ӻǾвΪԼж˲ʵ˭ԸȢŮӣ˭ԸҪϱ
ǣݶݺݵһӼ޲ȥԺฮɩӡֶֶŮ
ߣŰݵʵҲ޸ӡ
ɵѾͷǿǺǻǶҲģ㻹Ҫ
гŮиĿꡣ
ˣǸļҹӣҪ𣿡
̱ϾǸδĹ˵ЩЩߣǡĹӡ
ӣݡ䡱վյڵأָ΢΢˵ӣ
̲ǰӣʲô𣿡
ݰĵ죺֪֪ʲô˰ҵɵѾͷ
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סڣҸ˵ҪԶģҪԺһӵķҲ㣡
ᶼˣǿЩ˼ĺӰζεεΪԼɨȥͷϵҶ˳ͷϵӣؿÿ
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ݣʲô취ͶҲգҲˣ˵䣬ȻȥԺҪ
ˣ˵ȵȣ
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˽ܵллˡ
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ڣѶ֮ǰǼۣڱᣬŵһɺȴֲ˵ζ
ݳЦ˵үǲǾŲߣǾСȥѬһѬ
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ݳŮõŮΪī˵Ļϲ㣬ģȽټ
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ݳʶԼ¶ʲôæȵֻЩȤѣûгȥ¡
ѿʼһӵĹЩ£Ҳˡ
Ӵ򿪣˶̾һѺܿݳ̾棡̫ˣҴûļҸĵӣĪǰԼģ
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ݳʵǺһֱԼˣ֮϶ᱻүһΪѡ
ź⼸岻ʣ˵ҪɿڣǲҪˡ
ŶְѸӸϣ鰸ߣ𿪰Ϊдš
ݳֻÿһƬ̧ͷȳȥ
ǡ
ŹϺ󣬸ճȭڴߣŷһᣬȷȷʵʵĵЦ

 18 

һͱ˯죬·ڴ߸ϵġ
׼úڼϢģ̫һּܲ˵ȥ档
ȻǸˣ̫˼˭֪Ҫǰǹزù䱾ܾ˼Ƭ̺˵ĸ֣Ǿȥɡ
ԣֻ첻𴲣ӶԱ߲ͣߣȻ̫ǲˣ
˸У۽ᣬ˵شӦúúá
ڱ˼յƣ磬򵥻˸Ļױͳȥˡ
ʱøոպãȥûãͨ˵ˣҲ磬佻ЩעĿˡ
̫ǴһȥͿ̫Աߵĸѡ
۵޲ؿһۣ䣺
Ȼ֪ǱȻ飬ôܼЩԲʡ
̫һˣæǰȥѾͷ죬иոõңѶһһ롣
һ仰˵̫󵥶ﰵʾ䣬װлͺĶ
Ȼ̫Ҫ棬Ҫǿ治˼̫ʲôȱֻðոõʽСļЩģĸ̫
̫һ仹˵ģϲЦտľ͹ˣ϶ͰЩСвסǵģ죬򿪸ҳ
ֻ˵Щ滰ЩŮʮָմˮģЩʲô˼˼ˡ
ɵŮʳеʱ̫ȴðû˵
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͵ؿʾ˵ʲô
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ɰͰЦ˼֪ĸˣȻļù÷ģ̵ص£Ͱˡ
æҾлүˡ
䣺һһ䣬пǹҵ뷨𣿣
ǻҪһ·ܵҪһսʱŮһѽ̸̫үͰ
ѽʲôϡģүͰﲻ͵Ҷ֪ҪҪһģ¶ɲˣ
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б۾ѵĲǸллˡ
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ֲɵӣ˶ûʲôôûҲûʲôЩ鷳
˾ǰˣܿ˭ϣҶлл㡣
Ϊ죬ܿ챻һŭϣūŲúøɻһ쵽ѾͷмＸҲͻվһԺǰ˭ǸˣҪÿ˴һٴ䵽乬
Ŷ¿˼ˣ㿴ں˭һ𣿡

 19 

䣿ð㣬δ˽ԽҪȥ߸ʣúóͷһ٣ϴιԺ󣬰˺óһʱ䣬ۼһᱨôܷŹ
ȥܲϣνȥ˵û㡣
ǰ˼һȥʱ㻹ʲôɽƱ磡
͸ڳǰʱйŮһͷ­үá
ֻιëĹһӲ֪ʡ塭
üǸ˵ҪˣſڱտھǴһٴ̷Ǹ˴Ĺõģġ
ˣƫƫ仹Աɿ𣺡ǰһٴأҲðаɡ
㣡ʲôʸָң
޿̣㻹֪
ƽʱһѾˣ˵ʱ򣬰ȫɪһ£ҡûС
һ߻ʺϾǸԼִʣУǷּ̫󣬲˽빬
۾΢΢󣬸ѾȻ˳һ
ߺ󣬰ǿԱߵĹŮ˭ǰشľʵĵ棬˲ʺͷŭ
ȥءɹĹùҵ˰ӿŲ˼㰮ԵĲˣ죬һߡ
һ˦ùõ֣밲ȥǶôôøȥ
ù֪СƢַˣǿЦ£Ⱥþˣǻǿȥɡ
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֪ˣ˵ֻҶˣҹл£ˡ

ûܵ˹⣬ҲûܻذĻͷȰ䣬ǻǽȥɡ
ɰŰԶıӰ֪ﻹ˵ҴС۰ֻҪõõĶҲ֪ʲôʱ
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ฮһ·Ҫһߣò˸죬䲻͸һƥߡ
˳˴Űʱи˴ԱߵڵϹ˼Ȧ󺰵

ͣͷһȻС
СѾǿ޳һˣȹմѩˮʪһƬҲոմƺôһƤ
ˣ˺Ӵ˸˵ﲻܣҰ˽ͨ
󾪵ʲô
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תͷԸѵү£Ҿˡ
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ôҪȥĶ
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俴һү㻹û̫߰ˣ鷳ȥһฮºضúøл
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ģҲ̫ϸˣ·ö˫ֲúúõģҡ̲ס͵¡
ӲͬǶȿвͬأ
Ա߸Ѱѵһһ۵ףзһֲ֪ζôЩСŮϲ̫ˣ

 20 

ฮѾ˸ɫصλϣļٵվһԣͣ裺ôû
費ͣοļͿˣСѾȥ˺һʱˣ
˿ĸŮӣаˬлڱ˺üĶˣ
ֱֱӣƽŷ˺˲˵л𣿲Ȼȥȹǵฮ۾ۣ
йฮĴϰҪǵõһϢ̸֪أ
ŷ˺ЦŵҲ̫£˵Ϣʵڡ̫˲ţ֤Ҳð
Ͼаڣλ˲ھͰѴƵϣǵĻȥš
غĶˮˣʱƵҿɱȲϡ
λεЦûŲƨɡôˣԲҪòã
ϼǸϲˣó˼ҵϿڵ˵Ҽ˽ͨʲô֤ݣɲƤһףǵĹŮ¶˵ġ
ҷ˶һۣԴӶԷ￴˰ϲ
ƽʱһЩŻŮﰵ䣬ط̣˾ó죬ǻȥ̸ʱҲЩ¶ܰԽС
治֤ݣ㿴ҼҺƣԴ֪϶ĺ£ǳҲԲã˯Ҳ˯㣬ż찡˾ͳ⸱ӣ
˵˵ţ֪ǰԼ˻ôţȻصؿ
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찡ЩฮܣȻп¥⾿һִţ
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ӴѾͷҲԺȥⲻֻƻŮôĵطһ˵һָؿ˰һۡ
Цһ⵽ߣҲߣ˵ַһȦӸµضĪĵ׷
˵ﲻҸôĵطĶ
⡭ⲻǰĪش
Цô˭ҵǰأûŵĻӦฮǰǣ뿪ˣֻҵ
˵ﲻҸôĵطȻǰԼˣҰƽܽҵȡ֮쵱˵λѾãȲټ𣿡
㣬СѾͷ˵ʲô˻ܻ
˷ܵÿˣʣ̫ˣͣ
ƫ׼ңϥмȥͱסĴȲ֣ǧֶҪ־͹ū澰ɣū澵Ĵ
һл˲ŰעҪϡ
Ų֣
ֻҪﲻֶͶ϶ū澾ͷ֡
ˡ
һɣ϶ֻסĿǰĳ棬ֻҪԴһͿ˵ְͼʵ˰һ˵ļƻͼɹһ롣
Ȼûȵ˵ֻžһһѶȵĶַȺԥسȥ

 21 

ſԺ˶µģмӡ˸ɫӡһ֪ǵϵѾƵƵЦ
ƿڴļһ˶ٺôԼӶݺ
ıŵˣƾҡͷū澡ūûС
ʱҲһ־ǰ˵Ѿͷ֪㻤ļҲſ˵ѽǼҵѾߣȫ˭֪ฮƴ˵ģбҪðűฮϳȥķ˵𣿡
˵
һݽ΢ɲüۼŰҪѹסˣƫƫðˮ
ɩӺã˺áһҵĳ˼ˣһ˵Ϣˡ
һ򿴰Ѿͷ˳ۣڰһɧǼٵģҲƲһѣ֪ฮŮĻ
ͰӰ룬ˣҲϴɾ
˿ڲ赭ò˵岻Ҫпճˣ
һƨԱߣʶԼӪлɩӹģѾöˡ˵ѾͷЩõ£ұ
䶼ûӴû۳ʲôĸ˵ҶѾʵˣฮʲôʱô˰裬ȻŲŲ顣
԰ݲúܣһ䷢ϵǣİɣ϶ǻġ
˸ûȤתҼǵǶ﷿Ѿ߰ɣضûбˣ֪ȫ˵
˲ϵսսū澡ūԭǶ﷿ڵѾߣһգūȥ˸ˣһͰū֧˺һų
˵һӣϵļӱù䵽,ҷﲻ£ʲôʱȥУ
Сū澵Ȼʱ̣ʱū澾ȰǲСΪżū澣£Ϊūһֱԣ跨ְū澸ϳȥˡ
ݻܣз˵ǰ˵ӴСѾ߻ͦҵġ
ϵɫǿɲҺȻǸѾߣȴǸ֪ģҸ׷ңȰȰҲǺģٲҲǸĶݵֶϱ
ʱһֱûĸͻȻ뷨Ӧԣ˵ǽ𣿻ûʱء
ٴγԵϣ˵;үСͣ˹ϵ˵һ뿪ˣΧ˵ûĹϵǶţ
ſڴƿϵһ÷ĵ˼仰ижȽˡ
룬үҲǸˣĸδ޸Լñӵģү϶վߣ
үȻм⣬ǾͿ˵Щͨ͸ɡ
۾ɨˣƵʲôرĿֻ룬λĸףǱضһλݡƾͲ֪𱰵Ů
˵Цһ¾ˣͫ׽ϴ¥ײԼ˵治֮Ե¡
ƹĵ죺ãΪү˼ĽǶȾһЩܴﵽģŷˣ˵ǲǣ
˱⼸仰þþòܻ񣬲ϸϸһ룬ȷʵǶŮˣպŮ޸ǻϴ棿
뵽ŷ˺Ӧ͵ү˵ò
ݼͷԣǺɾҲúŮţǽ̵Ҽ̶СģҪͲ岻Ӿ
Це֪ڹĸʲôǲ岻أŶˣּõӣ۶ô˶ӣЩõģƷܶ˳ޣǲӡ
һҭߵҼ̶ǾԲ˽ͨµģ
ˣһֱĬĬܰǿ.Ľ̲סˣˣ˵ƾһѾߵ֤ʿɲ˵ฮһֱƴˣ̰Ĳ㣬ָϣ˭Ҳ˵
һ仰ǽһһ˵ģ飬˽⼸仰ͷ̧
˽ϵĻֻƵЦȻ֤˲ϣ֤ܲò˰ɣ˴
б˲˰ѺΪҵܰѰ֤ݡ
СѺһţ˽ʱֱ֪ʲôݣֻʾ֣⣿
ʵ˵ִ֤ʲô
ڱӣѽòǸ~ƿĿ⣬ĳЩĿණһ㡣
߰׷ˡ
Ǹ˳׳ȴǸûͷģֻ߶´ӻͳһһһش򿪺¶ŵһ׹
üë˶۾װϵãܲװϵ˰ɣⶫ¿ɶһأ
ɫȥ˵ȷʵֻһԣǰĶһ͸˰𣬵ʱ仹ûжԶ׹ִ˰ϡ
ɫɷף⡭ôһֱúںóģ
ʹ˸ɫ׳ɲܲ˰ǰ˵и㰲ŵĻ£СģСһرԵ˵ֻҪҴӦͽԶ׹Сġ
һǶԶ׹ۺˣԴӼԺʱйĺ
ǮۿĶѾͷҲǣ͵Ķô͸Ұˡ
ûУҸͲʶ
ɤӵ׹ôϵģฮѾ߼Ҷߵĵطܲⶫҹ͵İɣ
üͷһһģ˵֤ݶʾ˵ָǶԵģС£Բ飬ʲô취Էȥء
׷ˣฮʲô˵ʹϴǳǮʧǵȵ˹ٸǿҪܺü̷ģ
ѾǺµزˣֱͶȥĿ⣬ȻҲǺް취¶ˣĶȴϸܵĺ顣
ν֤֤ɵδҲ̫Щ
Ѿͷ֪㣬֤ݶˣҲſں˵ѽ
˵ıڰޱǷ򣬰ߵ׳ǰ
һǼҵѾߣ֮ǰҲҽ£ҽ˽ܶĵط˵ָƣֻҪ룬֪ذĳҽһֱò͵ȥֱ׾١
͵̧ͷɲūѽū澿Զ췢ģδɹԲ룡
죡û˵ʱ򣡡
ڶֻҪǮƣ˴ͨһ¿ڹֱ׾٣ΪˣӦòǮò
վָŰ˵ôһѣΪ㿪ҿҲô鷳ˣֱȥٸɣ
Ȼ翪ţҲȽŮֻ࣬Ҫȥ˹ٸ׼˳ֵ£Ҫ̵ĻἸΪ㡣
ȵȣһû˵ءŵҪһ㡣
˵ҽˣֱǼƻص©㣬ҵز٣ĸڣֵܽã
̫ǿһ׳ʵ˾Ȼѹȵһ£СļûеزĸҲͲˣֵܽáҲûС
Ц£ֱǸ˵۾ͶˣҽĸŹŮϹ˻ӽˮˣȥ˽һСòûеأ
ˣȻû뵽ʣң֮ǰ˴ͨʱҲû뵽ֱʡ
ңŮ˵Ҳ̫ſˣûòһǸˣ
ȻĶԶֹڴˣŵĪǡҽͼ㳤ϣͼ㲻ϴ裬ͼܸϴ·Ӵӣǡ
Ųһ٣˴׳˵Ŀ£ֻõ˵ͼȲпвáһϴεû

 22 

׳һʹڵأĳλ˵İ
˵עϣȴһֱŰ䲻ţ֪ԭһֱΪԼȥˣڼΣʱͦӣȻץס˵Ŀ⡣
ÿһкĵķǱΪŰı꣬Ϊʱĳ϶ܲҡ
ѵĿ⣬תͷȥضЦ£ѱЦգ˺ü۾ĬƿĿ⡣
ʱҲӦˣŷ˺˵ǣз˹Ů֪ģһֱֻϲӣ˵ˣι״ˮҶԣ
ŷҲֲ嵽ǼˣǱߣɴ˵޹صĻ
ŻҰൽ룺˵ҽ˽УǺãܹΣ¼ռʱ棿˵
˴ͨõʱ䣬ū֪ܹΣֱʮһ¶ʮʮ壬µĳ硣
ȥúǼڷúôţʲôʱȥ
µΪΣȻҪαװ˵ӣȥʱֲû˲ˡ
³룬ȥ¥̽ǴΡ
˵ѣնһֱһҡ
һӿͷѺܿӹͷԼʱŻȥȻˣôȥأ
мؿ˸һۣŵȥѹƥļҶȥ򡭡
ū澼ǴˣӦ³ģԣǳģ磡
۵װ˰ȷ
ūȷ
ŭļһļп˵λﶼڼˣĪǶĹ׹֮˸ȥ˵Ĳɣ
ǣҲǳ磬ǡƴԺѰҺʵʱ䣬Ժͱϵˣ֪٣
ζˣ֤ΰ
߳ŭȥžž⣺õĶʱ䶼ǲ
ˣס󣬼ؼ˿Ȼ⹷ԲòعأϾฮˣֲѵ
죬ƴѿһСѾͷѣô
俴ʵܲסһѣſ֡˺˼ûסһƨˤ˵ϡ
㣬ƵĿǸˣҶԶһֱԶ׹Ŵ׹Ӷȡ͸ģ㣬ʱϴһԶ׹ʲô
ɪɪǰŮòһһȴȻ£
˲ϸʹɫ˵ɴȥһţ㻰أ˵
׳˿ڿˮľ飬˸۶Լ˵ʽָŰһԶ׹ǡԡ
ð俪ڣʵһԶһǰͳϿˣŸҴͨңЦԶ׹Ҵǰ͸ҵģ컹ǵһδ
Ǹ磬Сû棬ֽţλҡֻǼǮۿһʱϲȴ£
Ŷ̧Ŀ˵ɨ˵˭Ǯģ
׳ָ˺ƣ˵ֻҪһϷ³֮󲻽гͣ˵˼ҲΪ˱ȫƯŮҡ
ŭɫϵʯִΪ̫ʯડһء
ˣһֺ̰ǰ׼ҴδԲǵ£ȴƣҰŮ
ֳˮˣɩӣҲô˵мʲôᡭ
סڣϺֹ
ƵƵԣǰõķҲûƽϣζ̲ˣǰ׼ˣȴ첲һֱգűݺĺӣ
鱻ܵذѹ˦ᰡСˣ˵ԶﲻѾã˸ѵѵⲻҵ°
һţô˵ȻıôܰζƵϣ
СˣҪʹܺͰ׷˶Ÿɣ֪ôĶ
ڳĬĬǹҧǰ䱻ǳֹۣˣô˵ݺҽѾǰ϶ʵ˵˵ҽɵʧôأ
⡭ΣƴõĶˣ˵˵ôɣ
˵꣬˵棬ʹ˵ˡ
ҲһãȻҿ䣬ҿү°˵һ
ŷ˵λˣȻǱҽ֤˺ô˼ıҴŲµóԭ򡣡
Ҷ֪׼Һףҵʵ˵ԸҽƳס
ƣƣʵҽˣݼ˵Ȼڴ֮ͥ˵һЩ󲻾Ļ
˵ţһλصŮӽǰ֮ǰȥ¥ѡ
ѴֵطЩӳͶȥĿ⣬Ҳĺ󱳡
ѹ񣺡λˣ¥һλŮ
Щɻ󣺡¥Ůнʲô
ʾ԰꣺λŮӺ;үʶڽǼҵº͵ģǾȻ¡ŮΣ˴ˡ
ͻȻ㵽ĸѳǱĬĬڹ
Ѽ¥˶֪湫¥ĳͣ¥ĶвȾƵģһȥҲЩǵĻ
Сع۲콭ϵɫһʼֻǱԹ׶Ȥ˶һЩŮӵ衣
ǰ˵Ǳضǿ֮ˡ
ŷ˺˶һۣӶԷп֣ܼӡ
湫Ĵˣÿȵǰ̵˵Ҫ취˰׶ǼҾͿ׾ٵȢ׼ҵĹˣһʼǶЦ˭֪Ȼġ
ŷ˺˶ˣΪƷж벻˼ҸĸۣȻﵽĿģһǵ˰˱ӵùȥԺø˺úôкǧŮ޸ŧ
Сô˵ȥ¥ôﶼ㣬ôûҵ
˳ƵӿأҲµòˣ֮ǵԼɹʲô˵ʲôô֪Լ˵ȥ˰
ˣȻѾŭɶˣάֵüõ󲻼ӰŮˣƣȫҸϳฮ̤һ
ļҶ޴룬ֻŭ֮µԸ˶ˣǻŸʲôȫϳȥ
ǵ˵ĻҶſֽţ¾ͽ˺ϳǰ
˻ͣ׷ˣҽ͡
νң治νǱ
ǰɾ󣬽ϲųһƽ
ϳˣŷ˺Ҳǰ׷ˣۻˣǿطȥϢϢɣǾȸˡ
һϷȥ˵˵ֱԲһ磬ƹ˶ãȫǶ֪Ҹɵ׮¿

 23 

ˣ˲ע⣬ฮ˳ˣ֮ǰ˵˵ģɲ˵
תЦһ֮ǰ˵ʲô
򣺡˵ֻҪⳡϷ۳ɹ㶼û湫ӵ檵ġ
еıӣϺݺݳ£ûûƤĶ־𣿿ҽฮôȻ磬ޣฮūţ
ס֣ż˳Ȼ˴治£ܹ黹ฮˣǲϹذɣ
˺ĥ죬κฮĵ̣һ˦ѹŻԸߣ
˵ʧۿļҶ˸ơ
ץݺݴʮӣ͵ׯȥ
ǡҶֽ¾Ͱ˸ʵʵ
׻ˣ裬ū֪ˣ֪ˣǰ̹ķϣҪ͵ׯϣ
һƵ°ͣ㻹˼˵˵пôģ
ɥūֻһʱͿ
ſ˲֣һʱͿฮҪмһʱͿˣǾ͹ȥˣǻŸʲôϿ̧ߣ÷˹ǿ
*
ฮǰϲóõĲ裬ȻµүһˣƵһ־磬Цˡ
ڰԱߣɫƳһۣ˲ؿʲôæҲûϣ̸ࣿ
ȴ룬󣬱µŮѡȴ޶ԣվĸ׵ĽǶΪŮҿǣѵòˡ
Ŀ³ԵĳԵòֺİ䣬ٴ̾ϢŮöá
öӺһҪڲζλ֤Ǹ˵ĵ׽˸ɸɾǿɵúúøл˼ء
ԡˡʮеĸѶ˶٣оЩӦɫӵؿ˿䡣
Ŀ⣬һɻӸϰǳЩ˼ֲôôӦ
ˣҲλЦ֪ʲôҪĶֻҪฮеģһ͵ϡ
ˣͷһμ˵ķˣ֣дܰﵽҾͺܿˣʲôҪġ
¥Ժȥ£㿴ô
ϵͷ¥ϾǸطɻۣΣ
ǱϢͷһฮ£ȥԺӣǲζţԺÿ춼Լˣ
ССءѵ
Ѹ˵ÿҪ޳ˣԸ⣬Ը⣬л
ϴקذӵˣǸлл㣬ߣھͻ¥ʰȥ
϶Ц⣬֪ΪʲôϲõķΧУȴָܲˡ
ȫǰѣܾԼЩвͷܿ챻
ǸСѾͷܶʲôв
үǲฮ÷ɣǡҼүҲҪҲȥ鷿̸Ще¡
ѳڹû󳼼ԹΡ
Ǿ߶ŷˡ
ʱͰһˣͰͼӴ׵ڰǰ췢£ǰѰһߣԭĳ
ƺһƽԽԽˣȻֶζʹó
ϳüҿȻҺ컹˵үô
ʵʵĽܽκμӲĶ㣺ϣŻжᡣ
ϣҶ˵Щ﷢£ʱʱͬǷ
˵ϿǼ£֪ûСʵ
ʲô죬ְ̯˦ˡ
ӹһֱ໥ƺ⣬Ȼʵǡ˵ܣֻ˵ʵûЩͿϸɡ
ټϰǸÿοֱذæԼְڵһһӢҲ㻥
ܵ˵ദû졣
ϣݵԺ̰Ͱ͵ܳ˾ˣ㶼þûȲˣ
ݱҲˣһɫ̻񣺡磬˲ã˵Ҳֵֵ
ֵʵǼµʱô˵ֵԸԼˣﻹûˣ
ݵһߵڰ׵ô˵вɩӵ˼ֻ˸֤̫ȫҾҲû취
˱ۣʲô˵ˣҪˣ̶ʰʰμȥɣǱ̷Ϸٻ
ݻû˵ȰԹ˾ˣǶฮ갡ôҪȥҺˣᰭžĸ͸ġ
μӲסûฮԴöҲûһȵฮЩֵܽöǺüŭĿȥһ²֪Ҫܶż
̶˾˵ٴΣȻסฮҪฮһģǻȥúͨˣٲҰɡ
˵꣬ĸŮο󣬰𶼲ΪûǾ뿪ˡ

 24 

ܿ㵽˳ϦڰԺæǰæͷȫǺЦŵŰɣЩźˡ
ôԣѱ۾¶˷Цı飬˺ฮ£Ҿ͵öԵǣ㲻ùңȥɡ
˺˱ңԼߡæøˣҲˡ
ڰڴɫĸڵþƯʵǸүȥģ
ֵʲô֣ͳȥһΡ˵ʮĲʺƨǰɣܺúùˡ
ԱߣֽүҼֱ˧ʵڵġҿ۾۾һſҫ۵ǣüëüëԶɽߴ˷ɽ
뾸үϳüëһСЦձ飬ŵͷŶֱǷ˲ɼ֮ˣ룬׾ˣǳǰҼҪεڵء
ôдү̵ĻǲòһһõͶ˰
ɵѾͷŷ⣬˵Ϲ˭᣿Ǳ߶ȥˡ
Цίʼ򣬵˹ոҴӺŹʱ򿴵ΧһѾ߼Ҷиʿԡ
ֵʿѾֹҲǣôߡ
СʱûжѲߣҴģ˼ҳֿڷԲףЩСѾͷƽҲûʲôȥǩʲôģαȥɨǵء
룺ǵҲǣߣҲȥ
˺ţһȺΧ˵ЩʲôǺ˻عͷǼ˰䣬̵ͷ˵һߣóһ·
Χмһλ׵ߣǧʮֲɣ˫۾ԿӦ൱ܸɵġ
λ˫ֹ˹λǸϵĹɡ
俴ɻɲǳ˵ֿڷԵģʵ˵ԣ
ֱӣЦģ˵δ¹Щ֮ǹﲻţҿΪﲷһȥ
һǿ˼ˣδſں˵ȥȷʵ϶ʵ߽Щǣ룿
ЦЦ
֣߸·ţһֻϿղͣȻʲô
ܿ죬߱ðַ£ǰɤǲǲãƺһ𡭡һһ
ޣ˵ʲôأǹСһֱƽƽģܷ纮Ĵ٣ǿƭӸϳȥ
ͷҲɻвѾฮ˶ʮµˣ԰ĹϤˣôո˵ȫ˵ˣȴһҲ׼أ
ȵȣȵǰǺɣ֪
ֻǿ½ż⣬ֱӰ۾ʲô֪
㡭
һЩ룬ӻͳһʯͷǾͷӻе˼Ǿʹɡ
¾ˣЦҡҡͷǸϾԼˡ
˿İ䣬𲻸ð¸˵һʯͷѣʲôã˶ȥɡ
һգգ۾Ҳռط¡
ԣ֪İ䣬˵ԻصִûʲôִĪãĻʲô
߳ȥڽֱȭͷСİӣ߳Ա·ĿĵߣȻĿһ
ڰѰӳԹ⣬·ĨɾָͷϵͣȻǰȥٶȸܴﵽġ
ࡡߵɼνһײ£֪Ǽٵڵʹ.
ͷô۾˿ĭƿ
ӳڳһ޳һµˣֵؿȥ߷˼ңû°ɣ
߰죬ΡΡֵû¡û¡
ͳһЩӣǲԣ˼ЩǮȥǰҽݿɡ
һѰǮץ֣ƴﴧһоС˵ӣãã
ֺȻߺٺٺٵͷҸѵţܿ棬СıÆ
˵꣬ĶӣһĹҵĺɰݵشӵϼһ̶ˡ
ӣӳҪȥ׷
ˣԼһȱǮĿˣǵǮ͵ˣȥ׷ˡ
ƲƲ죬ȥ֮
ȥԺҲһؤҲֵ֣
ߣ·ĹҲˣһʱ뵽ˡ
ĹҲȻθߣΪдĹŻôԲůòڴˣⶼ˰ɣ
û۾ϼƺѪ˿ϥϵȻսΪЩһ⾩ﱰϥܾ˵İۣ
Ҳ۾ָֻƽûͺá
ൽһߣô
ҲͷȡһӣϣӶϳ룬һżСӣһ㣬һĨ޵ġѪζ
ǿӣ۾ɫǿӵȷʵǻˡ
ܵһû˵Сӣĺɰӣ֪λԳЦЦ
ţߵϿʼ仯һһƤ£һʱ̧ͷ˵Ļͻᷢ͸ոȻҲκε֮

 25 

ϣһ˾һԷΪ̺ͰģϵЦҲƽն˼֣źѾ߸ÿ˵Ͼƣһ֮һڸˡ
һԹЦʱʱǰСӼЩˣ˴ʱˡ
ϵֶ˶٣˲˵Ŀӡ
˼ȻҵĻѾˣûѡ
Ȼû׼æҵûС
Ժ󣬰˳˶ݵĿ־壬ÿӶֻԶۣȥһֶҡ
һǾȡҺûʥΪֻ˹ƽԣӦƽˣƽ꣬ǹò̫ˡ
ûжۣǶ԰£ս࿴࿴㡭
Ԥ⣬ûУ
һ£ǣ㾸ү㻹𣿡
һ£úͻʼҽ׵ĺôǺܶģ;үбǰӵͷܳɣٺòˡ
ϵǿЦðɣ
ãҾþүҲƷֱҲͱҲһ㣬ҪҪҲҪ̫ߣϾ˼ǻϰܣһ֮֮ϡ
ޱ飺ǻȸҺͶҸɩӰɡ
Ϻ˾ƣϺ˵ģ˰ĻЦҲ뷨ֻǲ֪ɩԺҪǾ÷Լÿ᲻ò˼ء
ڴȤո˵Ǿ仰ͰЦһţ
ӵֻаһ˳üչ֪Ϊʲôֽ꽫᲻̫ƽġ
ฮ˵ƺͻѣԺյû硣һյĵƣ룬ϣǴɡ
ٴκͼ̸ЦʱյƺϨˡܵƵļҶµȥÿӵʱֵôһذ
һ󣬴ӳʼǸҸӣฮʱ˲еȻƽģ˱񵥣žһĵϡ
Ƕȳ£Ȼฮڣ
Դ˺Ȣɣ˸Hݺ鱻ŷ˺˶ȥҵھһǧɣ˼ֺŮ޽ȥ˴ʱ֮
밡ִĳĸδǸദҲǣݰһʱүҲฮһǴүǺεˣ۹⣬϶ˡ
ҰŮƣ˵ˣԼϱȵðѼƸ췭ظ
һʱȥ˲٣ŷ˺˻ȥ֮˵б۵ģλԼҽ㣬飬¾ʶ˵Ĺƣƿԡ
ݣȢȥǱضҪĸģΪֵܽ룬ִٶƫķǸԶЩ˼
ϷŭʵˣҪҪѶ˻ȥ
ʵбǼҸص𣿡
룺Уƽɽ磬һֻƿ˵Ǹлү֪֮
Ǿˣϰ񵥵裬ǾŰɣװʲôʱЩǹ󣬵ǶֲµĶ
ǡӦ£ԤʱƽЩı顣
æµ֮㵽˳ÿϱҪһΧԣٹٽҪμӣʮʢ
һ˷ţרŽõĴʳ²ú񣬱£ϲһЩСģȵʱЩҲһ˳ˡ
Χ԰ҲѣΪ
Դ֪һЩûֹĸʱѾһֱ۾ʳоʽģΧԵĶһ붼ǳ֡
زپҵˣȥʣôм飬ĥ񽻸Ժӿźǵ곤
Ϊ곤Ҫһͼɺͷʵ̫Сˣλᡣ
ֱǰѻΨΨŵŵӶȥͺˣҾͲ˰ɣ
֪˼ɷ˵ذѾƣʲôãȥΧԣ˶õģ߿ߡ
ΧԺһСŮһС̫ǴӦĵط߽Ժ󣬰һ۾Ϳǽڵĸѡ
ͬģҲע⵽ǣվʺãߴӰɨʱزһ侲ĶϾȻЩн
ɻȴҲû룬ֻǰƵ˽̫ԭϡ
ʵѾнԭֻһǾǰд֮ʣȻ̫󿴵ˣ
ϷԵǣմӼɹʹ߻ϣΪѩ·Щʱ䣬ϱȥ̫밲
յµĽ̫ϻʺȫ˰ǷţһȫοǻϣЦе˵
޾Ȼ֪Ͱﶼʼͨţӣ㣬ˣйţֿɺã
ÿ˵϶λεд֣Թϡ
ʵʵ˵ûС
̫ôţζļ򣺡ѶŮ֮¶ӦôǷˣĪʧ
뵽Ѿһƣʱյžʹˣ˭ֻ֪Ǽ͵ˡԭֻΪ׽ŪķӣڷǰʯͷԼĽš
ǣðʹ˴סдĻȴĪ᲻á
Ǵû˸ǰ˵Щɡ롣
Ϊϴฮ仹һҪҪȥ˵һû߳ȥ̫˵λӿ׼ˡ
׼һ˾ֻа䣬õ֣һһʵðյĳʳ˵İɣûԵٶҲνĶ԰ɣ
ǰ⻹ûʼ˵ɥ㿴˼Ҿүг񡭡
䱾ֻҸԱȣû뵽۾һιȥͱˡ
ѾѵɫĶ¶洩ĺɫۣýϹ޵ͼԭƽ˼Ұԡ
ĶƫɫͷһشôۣһӾץסйŮǵ۹⡣
ǰ˻Σãã
عͰһǸ磺˺ˣֻҪֻǾͲ˺ðɡ
˱֤Ĵ󵨵ˡΣڶ鷽һȣ֮ĶĲóûϲŮӣҪЩǰͷ
㣬㣡¾˼ŹСܹϴɫѣĵ۵øˮƵģ̲סһѡ
Ҳȷʵˣջֵָͦãֳ˲ɣ
¾˼ȥ.һ»һ¡
䣬¾˼һľͷƵתͷȥȴֻһɾӲҡ
¾˼ֱͦ˱Ǵɡ
ȳ¾˼Զ󣬸ɫ߹ŮϾбȻСײ£ҲҪ̫ˡ
˵ţӳ¾·ЦŶԸ˵ˣСúã˵СʱѾͷСܵƨɶ
˵͹ˣûʲôһ˼ӣòүЦˡ
˭֪Ѻܿ뿪ˣ£Сʱϡ
ԼĺʷȻǼ²ԼɵģǺܶ˰
˵ǰ˼˵Ҿͺƴ˵ļơ
ס˿ڣǾﲻˬ˿ΧС˵Բ̫ʱдŲСĵ˳̫ϻʺ󶼿ˡ
һ˵꣬׺䶥дĲʺƨȻʹͷˣ
ŸѸ˵ϴҾҪʼΧˣ㵵ı飬ˡ
ȻεֻҪиֵͻɺܶࡣ
ڸݳɻ;үϵǢ֪ģֻΪʲôүĽŲҪһЩ

 26 

ֻú;үֹ˵ûһûȰصλźȲʵ
;ү˵ʲôȥܸ˵ӡ
Ȼˣҳô˲Ź֣
󣿡ҿ˿ûаǺһƯĳԼòһ汻˿ˡ
ȷû˵ǣ̫ϻʺ˳󡣡
ʲôʧɫô£ԴϴιԺǶûô󣿡
ĵ̾ſʲô˵ˡ
ʲôʲֻաʱͷһϳɵ
֪ûпգ̫˼ȥ
ùáվһԸ⣬ĲʺƨдôţȻ֪ҪôЦ
ЦﲻؾнΧԣڹйطֻ࣬Ҫ̫˵ͺˡ
˵ˣ䵱ȻܲȥֻʰһСģظˡ
ԭأһʣ˵˳ô̫Ǻܸ˵ӣоүҲǣ۸۸úܿġ
۸ˣ
һСʱѧôʱ򣬾С׽ŪΪ˻״ǾҲû֮Ķˣȡ֮ǶĿ⡣
ʱ򲻶ɳ˰عζˡ
СƢͱ꣬ӹÿһȻֻᣬүЦүСʱڵ߶飬ôȥЩɵ¡
оԼ࣬ԣүʵСƵĴأ
óۣϲصҽϷȥˣϾһ񣺡˵Ķģ
϶ǧȷû־үֵ߳Ĵ̫𣿹ٹ˶ãǼҵĺ¾Ҫأ
ӴѾͷʲô°˵ĸݺȻǵĵϣĸŮ̸ϣõ
ĸǻμҹ𣿽ǸμҴ𣿡
һҭָ߬Сӣר񲻺˵
磬ฮμҵʵڹȥˣÿճԵķǧƪһɣӲģฮʮ֮һϲϡ
ݿλǿյģʵ絽ȥˣ
֪ҪʲôǺĸʲô£ǰ˵һģǾԲͼӴ׵˵
⻰λδฮϲɵڰǰѰͰĲ÷Ŵ˵
㣡
°֣δڳүȥɡ
һˣֻᣬŲŲĹѸȥǶ˵˵ʵİ첻
ǣҾ͵Ȼɡ
ųصĲһһ̫ǰ̫һ϶Цݣˣ죬ߡ
ԱѱһӣԧϷˮͼĵӡ
۽ǳ˳飬ôôڰʾ
̫ע⵽ϵʳУЦøģ޵Ҿ˵Ѿͷģϴϲĵģִҳԡ
ǰǰùø͵Ҳ֪λиģȢɵŮӡ
㵹ˣ̫һһ͵ڿӣ˵˵Ըý
ֱп࣬ⶼʲô°ڻѸڽŵ²һǧ飬Ÿʲô֪ⶫҪúò
Ĭ̫Ǻߣ̫ȻĵѶŬһЩһ·ȫ˼ҹʲô¡
°ıϳȰһֻظ֤ģֻҪڣһΪѰһźõòٺõ¡
󾪣̫˵ĺ֪Ǻ͸
ҡͷ̫ãҡ
̫Լ˵ҶģΪӣҾԲ˵ȥ
䣺ú͸һ¶Բߡ
̫ȽţˣЩ̨ۣϿ
һ˷̫һֻ֣һһ׵̨ӵߴ
̨Ұķ羰ãȫ԰ΧڹӹŮǽý˿
ѽմ·ۣûһҵʱ׷һͷ¹ִӱļͲȡһ֧شڹϣಡһͷ¹Ĳ¹˼£յ˵ϡ
̫Ƴһֱڿѣ⣬·ˡ
ָΨһһĨɫү似գ㿴
ɷϣÿĿɢһڶУ䷢ĵ
̫һۣȤ
Ȱش̫˵ÿΧԣǼҾֻһ˲μӣȻ缼Ҳܺá
ҲܺϣڳٲάǸ̫ոտξһᣬȥ

˵Ŀˣ̫治ɫȻ缼ҲվǹµЩ
䣺Ϊ̫ܵΪóڡ
ˣ̫ѾõĻл˵ڣҪѶɣҪ飬ҪʮַæѶһ쵽ûʲô£á
ǰǰùøŵү书СѧԿġ
̫󣬡֣ǰǰ³ʱС֣¡̫׷ѿˡ
̫ϸֳʧı飬ǣüͷѽôһ񣬵Ȼȥһҩࡣ
ת԰˵Ѿô࣬οȥ£Ҫ˰̣ǿɾͲÿˡ
ջ֣л̫ģԺעġ
̨վûã̫;ͷۣù÷ȥߣ۾һƳͿһϤӰ
պҲˣλǻʺұԱźģһֱԸİ
̲ס࿴˼ֺۣãﶯеڹ֣Щ֣ҲˣĿתضôȥź򣬷ȴߴתأ
̫˳ŰĿ⿴ȥС̾˿Ҳǿ
ϥӣϺͻʺ飬Ķѡһ˳۵ģ鵽¡⻰ոշų˵Ȳˡ
̧ͷ̫ϲʧ
ʲôҲû˵룬ԭΪֻȡ֣ټЩСĻû뵽ѾΪȨƣԼﶼԲҪĵز
ҡҡͷЩΪϧ
̫ϾͲСŰ˵˻˯ˣҳ˿ڵĸҩðȥˡ
ΧڣѶһֻȫѩ׵ӣ°ȫע׼ʱಡһż
ͬʱһ֧һͬ׼ȷؽӶڸɿݵϡ
ѺݳһۣʱͿһ֧ˡ
үü
ѿˣҲ
Ц£ֻӡ
ѵתͷ򣺡ǿˣֻӾ͸ðɡ
ʾԵˣǰӼлү⣬ҾͲˡ
Ѳ̲ءšһߵˣԿԶ̨ӣ̨Ѿˣ֪ΪΣѾȻһ˿Ծʧ䡣
Զߵ˺óһֻӣŪøƵġ
ĪҪ˵
侲ؿŵӲһ̲Ѫֱܿͷ
Խһ˶ٵضչʾ⣬λүȴûУصø
սеûаԼ
۾һȵܷβȫռʱٶ۾һ죬Ҫ˶ƲƲĹ

 27 

˳ȥ°е
䶼ʮ־棬û԰ж˿ֶ׼û뵽мֻӲĶײ˰׼ͷԵļ
ĵس޵̫ˣһֻɽһֻӣֻûС
˹ˡ
ض飬ǡǾޣ۰޼ɫӵ߿ˡ
ݳｻˮϴֵүʲô𣿡
Ѳ˲ϵĺ΢΢˰ûСǶٵĸͬɡ
ȥͼ¹⡣
ţݳ̧ͷүսԣ𣿡
ʲôҪոܹһȫΪ˷ֹѻ磬˵ĻҲԡ
ϾΧԵһȤǱ˭ԵĶ࣬Ҳ
ԼԼү˼ݳҡҡͷүҪȣҲø˼ҰҵĴӱȰ׼ҴӱȣӮ˶޹⡣
ȻˣݳǰոѵķԸȥ˰׼Ǳߡ
ڸҷֵģݳ˲֣ӭȥݻǡ
ŶҼүģԵĶЩ࣬Բ꣬ݳƵһһǽһͷ¹ֻҰֻӣһЩûõС
˵ʱһЦųͷܸо˵ģѵǸѣԼжܸɣ
һ飬ͷ̫ϸѵ·ˡ
ǡЩ¹⣬Χ칭ˣȻӢˬˣкܶŮϲҲΪˡ
йʼ뵽̫͸ѣȻЩЩҡ
ݳ󣬰ֵ̫ˣ¹ˣ
Ű¹ĳԷһʧǣеʵôˣ
ûУ˿СǺȻѧˡ
ȿڲˮֵʲôѧģ˲˵ˣҪǼҾһҲŲȥμءãҪȥѧɣԺҾͲôˣ
ͷˣһǲѧˡ
תѡ
СǰʵʲôԸ
ڳһ˵ӣţмû͹ĵģЩү͹ȥ
һӽˣҡȥͣ
԰䣬ߺѹȸУպöһѵĵӶæڿţȥ
˫ֲǸµӣһСһС˸ѵǡݳ
ѰӾٹͷͷҿˣ͵ġ
ݳδĸŮСЦµү棬ȥɡ
ѽ۾л
ڱĿŪϸ΢۾ϰԵߵĽ
ѱһү
ѵĿ䵽ŵϣ͵ģ
ľګص˵ͷʾ⣺Ϳˡ
ѰҪŵطŵľϣ׼뿪ʱͻȻʵô
һ˵Ѿ۷Ź⣬˫ȾǳǳĺΣҲ˵ҲˣرãǸµСѾߣӶеҶУżﻹҪǺöණء
ĩˣɸɵ촽ټһ䣺һλõò˵Ůӣ
ˮˣӻֵˣȥɡ
һ˰䣬ѵıżȥˡ
ѱͱĻ˵еķңڿǸӸǾһͷ¾˼ҲˣɰΪʲôŮӶܱԵ߻صģ
ȿ轵˽ץһų˳ˣôеʲôĳԵĻԼͲƽˡ
İŲ࣬µĻȥһЩûµĿΧһȾơ
Ͱ䶼˯ϰߣ˱ڼ׵Ĵ˯һ
ԽôãͷһεԼֳִԼ¿꣬˽ӵģһĲǻʧĵΪֻؿԼһû
͵ΪԼҪʱһֻذ˱ڻ
£ˡ
һ͵ſ۾ͣشϢ亹Աһѡ
˸ĶѹǲجˣҲвѣüͷֻ˵ҡͷҲ
û£ѵԴ˯Уҳȥߣøˡ
ȥ֮󣬰һڱĿоԴ˺ܶ࣬ǰеʹ˯ûԵԭ
Ҳˣ
ѭȥͬɢĸѣ¿ۣ˵ˡ
ŶܿûעˣڻһҪµǽ
˵Ӿʲôģּ˵Ķܸ̫ƼǱǸ˼ڿɺãֱʵˡ
Ƴһۣʵʲô
һ¿˿ǣܲ˵ʵļɣ
һ֮´㣬취
Ŷ˶ӵ˼βĳ֪ʲôУĳһʱ˼˵Ķ
٣㡭ӣҪ͸ѽһ
ѳһ졪ɰס˰Դ
ͬʱסˣһ˾ʲôһ̲סԼôʶٶ
ͷһ˵ͷķ˿ͱ˵ƺֵʱʱλݳδйıС
žһѵ֣һµ˰ռҲʶһ㡣
һ˿㵣ռˡոռıСҪ˼⻹ͷһ˲ӵ¡
ڸûעĵطλ߰ǧٱ顣Լû֣Ķ⣬΢΢غˡ
Ҫˣˡ㡣ԽԽ֣翪
ʶסӣȵȡ
ֶֶ֡һʯͷӰѽ£
ʲôʲô
ѴӸǶȴɫʯͷϰԵ볰Цһʱһݡǿʯͷ͹ƽļзУȻֳһ˿˿Ĵ̡
ѵӵϼһʯ.ָ߸߸ʯͷȥ

仹ûüֹǿʯͷͶϳ룬ŵǣǿʯͷ룬ȻһĴ̣
ԭأգ˼۾ִʱ˵.ʯȱǮҲȻȥһС
ֻǸߣΪʲôأ
վɫδйࣺⶫģ
û˵ʵȽϺãԳǸͷһһʮȫ߸˸ѡ
ǿϳʯͷ¾䡰Ժٻ㡱ʹҴˡ
ȵȡȵȡֽвס˸ûȤ˸뿪ˡ
ѵĽŲԽԽ죬΢΢˵㺹ȻȴԽԽ˷ܣʯ񣬰˵ǸߣǸ

 28 

ܿ층Ѿ͵˻ϵո˯ԶɽͼС̫ź£̵ĵط˸¯ӣ̿յͨ죬ΪոձЩů
һҾϡ
ϽӹԶɽеۣϣӻǳȥˣô
ǰ˼ʯͷĿ˺üӡӣ֣㿴
¶ɻ󣬶˶ӣһʯͷһɫ
ѰѰ˵ԭԭ˻ϣüͷ΢壬ëϹһѩڵůкܿ컯ˮ
ĨĨ۾֣㿴˻᲻ǡҧҧ᲻ʦ
ѣ˵ˣϰʯͷŻظУȥ˵ԴҵǻԺǾҲûʦˡ
ǣ΢̾һͷ۾Σ˵ˡ
ϣԶɽϵĲ¶ˣͷƷһڣ˽Ϊ˲Խ˴ԸȥζҪ鵽ˣ
ӻָֻģ촽գüƽ̲סܿ
ȥ·ϣһȼİѣ塣
ţѼԱߵŮ֣ȴżţʵȥʲô
ֱӸѣͷһֻҰҼƺͷã˸ȥӡ
Ҫһõ鸵Ҳ֪ſڣջûгȰ˵ȥɡ
ôߣ֮ãǡ
ζڿУһ˲Щθ뵱ʱôΣĳ£ͦΣʹԱ
ҡҡͷӼ˵ŮؾͰĴԵһ£ҲԼĸ׵ġ
ϲغڣո˺ð죬ûĶ
̣ޡб۾ôˣ
ʱȾһߺ죬µǡӵ顣
ԭʹ˸ɫԱߵŮǰ£ǸľһûеĻˡ
ϾǸ͵ļϵ£ɲΪµˡ
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¯һ̣㣬ţʱþ˺ܶ࣬벻ǹǱ﹬Ѭöˡ
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عùǰ˳ʣ۾ȴױ⼸䣬Щʣǡɽһֻұ
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ں󹬶꣬᲻֪ʲô⣿Ͻջ͵Ķ׹۾ֱǳõʹͣĶõľ
ôӶˣòΪ˰û԰ɣ
Ů˵ɲǣǰ׺þˣò׺ˣͣظˮûüһڡ
ӾǰʩʩȻߵǰˣŵص˵
ΪһƬ⣬źǸҰģȡ¸ӣţ͵һ΢ĸлɡ
ôԡĻϲƴǵ
ߵĹùõ°ɣͶӹء
仰һͶӹǣǲζš
ӸϣˣЩ¶ҪȻȥӰɡ
˸лҾȸˡ
ùÿŰԶࣺⰲҲǺЦʹҪãҲӦѡһλӣʲô֡
һڲ۴СŮһѪѣѰ͵ļƿʵҲδزɣǰҪܳ衣
մմǵ֬ԭΪǸѾͷЩҲŷ֣ԭǸġ
ȻùúƽϣƽڻǶֲźˡ
ϲУȫȻû뵽ǾȻڱ˵ٵŮǰǹĶƣÿš
ǻϵĳȻġŮ˵ţȴҹά
Ҫ˵ԼӵĶǺõģףȻƯܴЩḡζ
ڳˣ̶ڵϾݸ˺þãź磬Сɷס
㻹ûȥҪǷضҪ˵̱ĻãûΪ̣ɣҳԵͬ㽲
һȥȲոŮ˵ʵΪĳģȷʵһֱ¯ԣûһ㶫
ȵӺ󣬰ʵйӵ¶԰ɣʲôҽ
ʳָͷȦü֮両ЩɫͬҺһ𣬱˵һˣ͵͵۶С˵ݣǲעԵˣ
ȻȫǣλŮ˵ϲӶüñףķӦҲϾǴ֮ǰĹôĹڣûУһֱڴլԺͷ߶ģﻹͣڶĹ˱Ыʱ򡣡
̵ųʣ˼ǣ
ģǹܲܺһ֪ЦҺסˣѽͷĴ󵨵ϣ㳤ôƯôƽ⣬ֻҪˣЩС˼Ӿͻˡ
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˸С̫࣬·ȥ
ÿƥǾϵģһƥ֤ܵÿ죡һֱܻ̫ǵӣС̫һֱڵֺš
۵ƥۣܿĿһƥȫѩ׵ָƥ𣿡
С̫һĵ۹ⶾһӾԵģƥǾүİһֱúţû
ƺ;ү¶ˣ̫ߵСŮ˵;үͨţԴ֮Ů֮໥֮顣
ϽֺõȻԣ߶
ʵС̫໹Ի֮ǰ˵ƢŹ֣΢һ¾Ҫһֱ;үϣڿԶﴫǺܺ˵ˡ
ңоֹõ󷽣Ҫ˵;үվһǶˣ

 29 

ǣƬĵطȥ˲߿ˣָ߸߻ޣ£һ̧˳ȥ
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ȥ׷Ȼһ֧߲һŴϡ
һ۾ͷȥǱ߿
·˻ƵģŰ䡰ડߵɱߣ丧Ƥϴֲڵ·Ծ̾˼˵ã֧㺦ļȻûһ
ӲԶҾߵĶΪʲôϡҰޣû뵽㣬ðˡ
ıĹһͦüۺʹԵĲͬ
ЦûҰޣǰΧʱҰ޷ҧ˺üλӣԺϾԺΧʱͶҰˡ
ԭˣ¶Ȼɫһߣ˶ЩҪ۾ģɾͲˡ
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ͻȻһͣǰŮӵƺŴ΢΢Ƿ·еǹ⡣
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΢΢ףǺãСġ
ֲᣬϵëһһֱۣǹ˸䣬Ҳˣʧ糱ˮ˻ӿĵ˰һۡ
֪ʲô˼ѵúԺ˵仰ϣǰƵԴܹһ´֣ȻĹӣûУʹĹϷƽ˾ɱͿʼ̣ʱھеӻù
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һ·Ĭڱǵ㰮ĽͷԣĻȥ˵һֱ˳۵İ䡣
ûģǲԸԳϺӣ
صǵȹܳڰǰ̣գգ۾Ȼֵʧ䡣
Ϊֻġ
ȥҾ˵ҵҲԶԼ߹ȥ
ȥһȳһյߣĥ죬սʱð䲻ע⣬޺޵صһۡ
˵ιǻ鷳úúõģȴɨˣ
ЩӶûǰ˵̵£ǰѰλȻ̵ӡ㣬ֿλãһ
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˵ˣʮֵľ񣺡ǣȥأϸŪá
ԸǱߣҪʱȴһˡ

 30 

үͣǺЩ˷ܣβһ˦һ˦ġ
ѿİ̧ͷģ
԰ͷϵëҲϲҪȥҪȥɡ
ѵ°Ϲ˹ΣǵǱ߿棺ϲ㡣
ȻѸɴ࿿ϣײҵϲϲ˭

䰵ǸС̫࣬ô˵ǸѵģҪ˵϶ѡƥ
æ߶Ҿ˰ʱ֤û۵
䶯죬֪ŪȻ̧ǰ㣡һɣ´򻬣ۿҪ䵽ϡ
ʯ·ˤȥɲǿЦģҺøۼֿ죬һ̾ȽסΣյʱȻץסǸݣץסѵһԼֻȥ
ݵľջǴԵһƬհףҪǻĳƵģ۾ʹգ£ĳһ㱡亹
ǺãǽúܣѰ˷Żصϣһһ䣬Ҳúܡ
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¶ȥͺãҸʲô
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¾˼˹Ƶ۾ƾү֮ڲվ˵ˣЦˡ
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Щ£ò׵ʱ鱻֮ǰһŬ׷ˣ
˫ֱǰޱʲôҪ˵𣿡
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ˣˬ¾˼ȴζӳ£øƵĵ㣬ԺòҪ޸үɣǸߣȫˣסġ
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ǡ
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Ĵ˶û֣ʵǵĻѱ
ݳζ䣬涫̫µ˻ֵؿǽǰԳɵС
˭뵽ʱʱ̺̿үȥʵѾүˣ

 31 

㿴ôʵм˴ľȨڻ
ϳ˼Ƭ̣֮࣬ɱʱӦν
ϣ΢ΪӦϣӴᴦ´Σ´Σ˵ǶԣɷѾͬ衣
һ飬˱۵˵Ҫίˣź޶꣬Ϊ޵һλ
ˣϻ˻ֵͰ˵ģ޷ˣȳȥɡ
໹ôֱԲ䣬ѺͰ·ϣֻ಻µĳЩСˣǰ𣿡
˳º룬ĲȾ˻׵ɫλıְпϵĽҵΡʥȻҡ
ʵϣĹϵڳ̸ڣżôһ÷Ѿ˼Ҹͷ
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ĪǡѱӣĪǣʵĵģ
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ҷܿˣʮʱ䣬ڼҺúøҷʡ
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ӣãҲһҿţΪ䣡
䱾ۣͦһôֵĹЩҧ·Լһȫ亹·ˮһ顣
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ȥǻˮҿСƽʱǲٺô죬˲أܿܺˡ
ԴǰľɫӰˣιȥ֮ǰԴֳһͷ
ˣһҪ!
˼죬ѴŴ򿪵ķȥҩץҩʶ֣򿪵ʱһֱ߶ҩкü֡
ǡãҩſð䰤ס
ѷܵ񣺡ү
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ʹԭίүǸԶŵˡ
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ѿ˿ͷʱˣū澻ץҩȥͲүˡ
ܲζ¶˵׻Ĵһ㣬ȻǰҲ࿴ᣬò׹ϵЩƣϣֻصǰ
ϻ˸ҳǰһε˵ҩ࣬гˬҩ裬˸Ͽ͵ฮȥ
ԷˣȻҪҩءϸغ
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ѰҩҪ
䶯˶ϰͷϵȥʲô飿
ҡҡͷץҩͻˣ˵֣ҩſ˾үǵ˺ܾƵġ
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ӶпȥĶܽǱͶˡ
̧ۿ˿Ķýʲôӳȥ
ǣӶΪѵǱ˵ˣǽĶ˿ںõÿ죬ǧҪǨŭǸˡ
һҭ⻰һ֪ǸѷԸģû뵽뵽㡣
ԼĳЩССΪè˳ëʱһ
̧̧°ͣʾ򿪿
ҩбīδɵ˵϶¿꣬븵ҲμˣĶ
ӶСʵ𣿡
ʲô£䡰žߴһ˵ĵϣұΪ͵οƷ˼𣿶ˣ֮˵ҪͶǽӵʱ˵ҪЩ
ָͷѡһЩֹҵĶ
ѾųһȦȦǹʨӴ󿪿ڣǳûҲûôݵģ

 32 

죬Ȼϣ춼ͶӶǰհҪ˵ǹҪʲô
ȵС֣֮˵ʲôһ͵
ǵ̬ȣƤٺ˶ò˼ˣɰȻδƵģһһеǸС
˵͵ҩĺãͿ˼֮˿ھϵòˣֻҪڵһĵӣȥûоˣǸڷҩ裬֮ãθҲ˲٣ɫ˼֡
ת۾͵ʮģ䴵һṴ̃ɫͷǲԪƻ᣿
·ת˵أ˵Ϊ˳ٸҪ졣
˺ü죬ȫһζʵļȣ˫۷Źǻ֣Ȼȥҽȥȥ
˻𶷲һ˻ûȫأвУǺúϢɡ
ѽû¶¿ӣһںɫĿҩֲֲȥȥ
ֲֻȥˣǡðҲģ˱Լͳȥ
Ͼǵƻᣬʱ϶кܶԵģȰѶˣʱˡ
ڣлڸѵ鷿һƬĬ֮󣬸ѵˮɹɺã
лɵˮã˵Ҫһۣ
һ۵˦ȥҶ֪ʲô
л°͵үҲֻ֪Ǹˣˮɹ֪δ֪¶ǵȥ
Ѵӻͳһӣ·ŵһ֧µĺϷĵͺǣĵҶһƬһƬ͸ʯɣ÷·ܴ¶ˮ
ӴɫҪ͸ļҹﰡлȤ
бһۣ޳ָĦĵҶƬǸ͸ģҽã˻ȥһҲûʲôãɴӸ
лʱûȥȤˣӸѵĻԭί˸߰˰ˡ
ȵۻûȥʱ򣬵Ϻ͸һλʦѧţͨԲĹǱߵ׹֮Ҳ˽ⲻ٣һ˫ܹ׵ؿЩʯͷʯ
ֻ׫д飬츳ĳ˴ʦû츳ֻЩСǮ棬ڽϻרЩġ
Ǻϵǻٴ׹֮磬ΪĵһҪԼʦλʦȲü޶ɽ
ʵ˵ฮ͵͵λȷʵֵûɣֲøˮ̽Ϣ
ϣͰһȥˣȻǰֱѾСʳ̯ӣζˣຢ߬ѹǮľͷӱߵ̯˺
ɫĻ֦ϣЩطǣһߣʽСƣڻƵиСֽдŵա
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ͰҲУһһǻⶫóԣͼա
Ű䣬ԵΪȥ¥㰤ôصĴ򣬻ûü㣬㿴ʲôҪģֻܸ˵Ǯ
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ڰȻһǮӬֵȻһƬ⣬Ҳƴˣ
ڶСһЦҪܹһֱȥͺˣܿ־뷨ƣλ͵ˣٹ˶þҪˡ
ŮߵһȻһ̯֬ǰ̯ǸֺŮˣǴŴйдʮڡ
λµƳɫÿأҪҪԣ
Թ֮ǾòԸŸǮȻӵʱȴɵۣûĲ룺òǱ͵˰ɣ
ҧҧ´ɥͷ
ڸʲô
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˵ƺʶԽ͵λƺǮ͵ˣء
һģֻҪѶȥͿˣСֲ֬λӰŸһҲǲС
ˣȻӣǽһĸԸ
תȥֵʲôͷûæ
߲ԶҪҽǮң
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ððڴӦǮ͵ˣûԷ֪ôء
У¾ˬʵЦ˳ѳ¾˼һߣѰﵽȥתתɡ
ιιһ°ҲҪһߣ
ɳ¾ȴûƵģԼƵƵͷĳ¾˼ɳţӲӵȺпһ
ĵԼ˽Żߣȴ뿪
ĵȸ·ݹһƬհףΧֵȺ·̼Զֵɫʷ·ֻΪ̵档
ͣ˺ӰߣԶƯ˺üһϡĻЦ
ǸѴ۾ʮûԼҵĴһҪһ£²ҹ˵ȥġ
ȥȫͷߵͶ˵ĻĪ꼰㣿
ѵͷҲ˵ҪĻԸⲹ֪֮ǰҪЩΪΪңˣһ뾡취͵ϡ
㻹ͦгĵ
ɤӣ̽ʵʲôҪ󶼿ԡ
ƶԡ
䰵аشЦѰѣҴŻᱨˡ
ڸޱȼᶨУεһҪؾʺãǰҡ
ڶڱǰڮңҵɸˡ
ҪÿҪдţҪұʾϵ
ѵȻս۾дɻ󣺡˵һ飿
°죬ԭүĳŵģҲû˵ıҪˣүֲС
ҴӦ
䷴ʵʲô
˵̧ڵŵâҴӦ

 33 

ֱԼĶ䣬˵Ӧѣϵ׵ܵܣȻӦô󣿣
ѴƿĿ⣬ͳе𣿡
ûûˡֻ֮֮ʱ¥ôھôԸѡ
һһ򰶱߿ȻûУǾȥһط
϶гԵģ͸ѳôõƤˣһˣ϶ǸѳǮ׳һһ١
˺ɫĵ̺޹ʻ仹˼λ¥Ĺֹ֮
渵˶¥еķһģһл¸Ҳſϵˣ㳯֣
߽лЦһλǾүۣԭ
ͷϵ֮ζлһʱۣл˵Цˣǲǡ·
ԭˣԭˣл
ů紺Ļյ߿һС͸ԿľɫϷ˼Ӻ͸ɹԲ
лƤûиͿʼԲ
Ƕˣ
ָͷһ¹ԲǾͿˣĹֺ³ǿССһŵĺˣͷе㣬ûԷͳˡ
ˣǲ˵лüŪ۵ȻˣǾͲˮɹˣȥ˰׼õķ˶ˡ
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ͷá
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ˮЦЦ뾡취ҲҪýӣʵѵá
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ΪȻ뵱ҲͻһģûΪ˵ֵܷĿɳŻڵĵλ
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ǰ˵ԣۡһϲÿҪ
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ֱţץֱ۵˵ˡ
ûشԸߡ
ʻฮƬؽ磬ѲҲġ

 34 

ѵϵĶȫɨϣյһأĹõǣǰȥʰ
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תһ̲ͣ˳ȥ溰
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þûѹˣէһ˵ˬǳˬ

 35 

ȥԺ󣬰ϷţȲز𿪸Ѹдš
Ŀʤǣɰ彻죬飬߹Ŀշת˼֮ģ»ȳĺ֣֮ѾҲ
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ͷ˦˦ˡ֪ΪʲôվԭؾþòƿĿ⣬޲ٶ࿴ģ·ٹãԶҲƵġ

 36 

ҹ룬һŵƵĲ¥䴫һ˽
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ýʣһӺ˿ڲ裬۾ƽһºݣƽϲǲǰ
ݴʧɫǰǱ̫ڶ˵ľǧɵ°
ԳЦ£ҵŮҪˣһںʲôɵأ
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дôţԼϹĹԽԽˣлдЩʫҲû
ŴЩѾһСżҹ˾ͻһյƣСһóصǹζ
Ƴ۸ѣ洺յ⣬ԵģȻҪȥ˵ңѾͷһء
ҲǿǵǰãҲû֮ϵƣһˡ
̵ڸǰΣѷǰŮӸʵŮΪ˿ʾԼ󷽵һ棬ЦصȴҪƽá
뵽ѲԾرЦ¡
գ۾Цʲô
ûʲôɫҾ˵Ҳȥ
㣿ɨۣЩһѾ˵˺͹Ůȥѵ
ʲôʶӦƿĿ⣬
ŶʵǹģֻǺǰͬڲǴŶĸѵ˼ǡǾ뿴ô侲Գֵģ
̫ʺ˼Ѳǿ˿İ䣬ܿĿڵʵҲżȥȥҲ
𣿿Ҳ̫ȥҺǹϵֲãֻܺҽ˵ĵĻҼҲаαػһˡ
ƺѾǰܵķΧȣŵһӲӲĶ
ڨڨջؽţΪҪԵǸ䳰ȷֻ˵˾䣺Ȼͦ
俴⣺úãû취
ѵ͵ЦˣȳĹûฮˡ
Ҳģźɫ࣬ɫȹӣͷϴŸ͵ӣƤѩ׽οɰ¥ʱ˲˵Ŀ⡣
͵ģ۵ģҲа
Щ˲˼Ѳɫ䵲˵˳˾
Щһǲǵģ׷ƿ۾װʲôûƵĺȾƳԲˡ
صฮ󣬰׼ȥȻعͷˣεҶſˣǲǵüӵϢ
βһʲôϢ
룺Ǿ͸дһʫɣ֮͸ҶС
ѽͷת˸Слͷһдʫġ
ʲôһɫӵ㻹лд
ѵķβᴵ¸ÿᣬдȥֹǿĵġ
ʯͷأ͸Ҫдˣ㿴ô뵽طȥˣǱ˲Ҳһ˵㻹øлңڰء
˽ȥԺ󣬸ѹǣУдҪٶд

 37 

ܿ͵ĵ죬ȣ·Ҳᱡࡣ
䴩һඹɫ·˸ɷ۵Ϊװװﻹ˸ɫϻȣͷ߸ֻ˿ΣȥˬƯ
ճһҡĴ磬ȣվһԵ̾ԵòôĿˣȻȫúÿͲסǹСûа׼ʡ
ո֣ĹŮС̫Ųûͣʺ͸Ҳϲ
ˣʺ߹ȥȵ֣ܸĵƷ֣һһ߲ס̾ԭĵĶһģ˲
аڵЩĵɫʣÿһ仨ϷϿȥҶڸǵʵʵûкķѴġ
Ժ󣬻ʺżѽҲҪʱһȥ̫밲˼߶Ǻþˡ
׵ûż
֪ʺһʲô׵ҾԲ˵ӡЦӯӯģŮǣЩƤųˡ
ֻӦ͵غǺЦеûԲǻʺô͵Ӻòã
شչѽżû棬ôô͵Ȳˡ
ȥģһѣָָģȥ¾ڸʲôɡ
һӺˣ֧֧㡭˵ʲôأԵ޹ʴ¾ϸһ㶼Щ
գ۾Ȼζţ֪㲻

ʩʩȻ߹ʹУҲûڴ磬ҿˣ⹬еĵô
ԭĺ֮ʺδĹҲˣĵãҼҲм裬ȣһһ¡
ЦǰЩӻǻʱҾͽ˸ү˼ȥãȻȥʱҲ衣
ʺҲΪãǣү͵ʲôɫҲһġ
޵ǻʺܵ
ҩˡߵĹùöһɫҩ֭Ա߻һСǡ
԰͵ҩҺòײŵӣúܾòġ
Щ˵ģСһƽƽġ
Цúϲ£죬ȻƳһֱߵɣЩЦ⣺ҲǣôþǱţҲ˵
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ʱӾ˲һֱЩ챿Ҳӣһ߶Ȳء
ҶǽãҪ˵ЩĻʺзֵ˱ʰ÷ɶµҲ㹬ûкò裬ȥһ
ӦееģͲȥˣʲôԵģҵʱרŸȥ
ûζմЩѵһĲƷǵǾ鷳һɣöǡ
תԸվСŮûУȥкһ
ֱʺһ߶ȥɵָ΢΢ýĻҵĺ
ñȽ޽ǵķ˿ЩңһӢ·磺ʺ
ʺй̫ˣ˼ﶼȺþˡ
ܵͶĿ⣬ҡͷֵûûУʺ˵Цء
ǣ˵Цʺ˿ˣĵԽԽǶԣҾͲǰˣкüλϲҵȥǶ¶¶
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ȥЩ˹Ů⣬ͬá
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ѽŲһ٣ˮȻס¥ȻĹֻҪ˵һˮɾܳ
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ָоʵ̫죬̲סúĥô˲˹ĽɫھȻΪһССŮﲻ
ı仯۽Ƴôˣ
ƫͷûС
˵ʱƬҶͷϣַ̧ʱп˿
Ƭ˿ǶɫһͲǸѵķ񣬰һģ
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شǣ̫Ů͵ġ
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㣡һӱסˣûŪףпĿƵģ㲻˵ˣ˭㶫ôܵţ
˿ӵϣͷҲˣѵ͵͵Ц׷ȥ͵̫Ů̫һϴȥиŮʧְѲ赹ˣ˼Ҿͽá
赹ϡôʶ
ִЩڿãҪϵʽʱÿȵоŸ㵹ֹǵϲ
𣿡ѺȻְķӦȤԳĵϲʲôãֲϲ
ͫ׶Ȼࡰ顱úҪĳƵģûƵ㡭˵ʲô
Ѹˣѵ̫󣬻ϣлʺ󣬡͵ؿͼ˵ò᲻ǵ˼ɣ
˺ĵҪҪ꣬ո⹷ô
쵽ŵʱˣǻǿȥɡͷҲصߡ
ע⵽ҴҵĽŲ˵ͷЦһĲ

 38 

˵ûȷ쵽ŵʱˣ˹ѾϯȥԺȥҽϣǱʺߵ̫
̫ƤЦ˵үʺѾΪźλãūȥ
϶µؿ̫еصѹȣнп࣬޲øոմĵԼƣҲ£үʲôţվߴҳҲҺһˡ
ү߰ɣ
ˣ̫ȰѵԱ֪ôˡ
̫Ϸеүôŵġ
Ŷ촽ˡ
̫һҪҪţ۾һһŹССֽǲǸѶġ
һƣ˫һ򵽵ϣ⡭ǡ
̫޲óԼƣּּүĶҲҴҪǲǣ
ûǸȥѣȥ˻ʺ󣬻ʺںྐྵӣʵү𣿡
̫ͷʺ˵Ǿͺãȥɡ
ʺǾүµġ̫ΡΡصֽͷ亹ֱðпʯͷѹؿƵĴ
ʺֵؿһۣ˹ʲô
򿪿˿ٵϲٵϲ
ᡱһʺ˲̬ץ̫׷ʵǾүģ
̫СشӦӦǡ
ʺĵؿϣԵĶԵģǵģҿּҲ񣡡
ʺ󣬺˸ˣ
ʺصػش𣺡үͰ£Ҫ
Ҳ֪йϵģվһ񣺡ϲʺϲϵóԸ
ȵȡʺȻʶһ⣬ֱʫȥʣѰӿ϶ϣҵӡ
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˴εӣҲʮӣӰæ֮ʹһţϯ˵Ц˵ЦȾƵĺȾƣ֣һҡ
͵͵˿ڸʢİ䣬дõʫĵݸոհѽóͿԭϵĿӲ֪ΪʲôˣңĶҲˡ
һݣȻĲ룬ܵؿǱߣǡðҲڿ˾Ŀ⡣
ж𣿡
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˵Ļȫ˻ʺĨƽǣ˸ôҰ
ϣ檵һʫдǼãɳԼʶ̫٣ƽĶ;Ǳ˵ͽ˷Ц磬һ£
ŶЦ۹ŵģȻʺ˵ˣǾ͸ҿɡ
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Ϸ˷ӣߵͷߡšʾһͣһдŮ֮鰮СʫдãҲ棬벻ۡ
Уġסһּôдģ
͵ԭǾүдʫǲҲһͣ
Ϻ˳۸ѣд˵ģǿɲУѰȳ
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˻һԭ㿴ֵȫˣмλãȻգգ۾ƺûסдš͡ĹϵĶЩӷӦĹŮѾ֪ǿ޻Ц̾ġϸһƵڵϡ
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ѾþˣϽŸ˵ﰡҵܵܣĸϻ˵ģ˵ţЦҡҡͷĪ񣬡Ѷ
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֣˵ˡȴ뿪
ҲףСƤ˼ʱҪ˵ദ飬ǰадţѸʫԭǻ˴ղһԣû뵽Ѿ껥ͨˡ
˻֣ȥȥɣҸĵط
䣺
ľһɸԽԽվǰ߰ɡ
һ뿪ϯƽСԹүôϰģҲлĻǼԽϵϲġ
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˼ҶѾүˣԺҪ߷һǻǵĺӹ
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ҡҡ
ѱƽЩƻأôҵģ
·Ѿ۾ѻ˵
һֱǹһˣû֧ҲûϲԴԽ֮۰ĸ׺͸㣬ҲͬһƷӣΪѾ֪ˣүȻһϲ
һֱĬĬעӵģΪڸʵ뷨ڵжλõĸѣȻϲ
䴹ƵС˵Ҳǡ
ˣǻ϶Ļش
˵ʲô
۾ŶҲҲҲǣƽʱ䲻ͦôؼʱ򾻵ӣ
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ؿһѣƵô㲻Ҫ𣿡
򣬡ѺȻѰ䰴ţעһ£Ӷڲ֡

 39 

Ũ⣬ȴ˴¡
רŸĺҲû˺ˣǡ˿ҩµСŮûǣ˰˸ڡ
һȣͺȳ⡣
̫ҽ͹Ů˳һһѪˮȾѪɴһŴյѪζһ߲ס
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һ࣬ȥʺĪ࣬µġ
ƣĻʺ֣̾Ϣһ
ڽȭͷϲͣð亹ҲֹסشļС˵İúܸɾ֪ġ
µĵȻҪϺͰǳ˰ϵſʼѪģǰû뿪
Ѫǰ䣬;һһۡ
̫ҽҴææϳۻǣ񱻵ﱹܶεĿƤðູϣѾֹסˣֻٷҩͿԿˡ
ʺϽʵأ
ӡ̫ҽ˲ͷϵĺϳˡ
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һֲһֻȭͷŭЦúûش𣡡
ѺȻ֣ס˰ȭͷǼϸƤۣ͸һЩķɫγɶԱȣټϸѳϰ䣬ָڴһɳĵļĥġ
俴ſţͲСˡ
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飬µʱһ廨ֱӴʳָСĵسһѪ顣
Сһ㡣ѵ
ûɷƢˣݵȰɽˣСֻ˵ԭӦǰǸѾͷȥû뵽ȴĺӵ֣ˣҲһδæķϣҾ쵻棬հɡ
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ӽԣӽԣ
ͷҲûأȻû߳ɹſڣԶɽʹŹˣȻЦŵģȴĪ﷢
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ʾȻҪǣ
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ݳ˳ӣγѵظŹԱߡ
վߵԱߣɰɣϴ㲻˰֮գÿ㹬һ֧˲ΣÿεʹҲͬλֵһ룬㾿ǶʲôҪ԰˶֣
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ĸȻ㡭Ȼ㣡ɴ۾ŵ飿㡭ôԵ𸸻ʵĿİ
ڸʲôģ֪
ϻɵƳһ۰ɷˣ鷴Ѿ¶Ѿˣǣðܵκһ˿˺
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ʺŰʵʵ˵Ĳ֪
ڵϣʮСĺµؿɣʺ¶һ֪Ƕֹ֪ĸ
ϳ̾һȻɨɵϣǵһѡŮʱѡģǵãɵһʱߴؽϣʱʵġһݡ
ɵ۽Ѿ˼˿ϸƣҲͲսʱۣϴ·ƺǰЩĲϡ
ĵط֪ôˣȥ۾ˡ

 40 

أôˣʵ
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˸Ҳ֪ôȡֵģ䱾׽֮˵Ľзֽ䣬ֱֽܲˣ
㡭
͹ǵС洺شţͿ⸱棬Ͻ˳źɽСĲۣ͹ǼǼ
СǽϣãȻֽŵز˲ոûĻǸŮ˾˵׼װ
̫ˣԱߵҲǣȨСٺٵ°ͣҪô˱ʹĻҲǺġ
Ժ󣬸άԭƣѽ˿ˡ
͵طſѣͲ֪һ𣿱˦ʲôġ
˳ưָ⣬ϸۣҲ֪ôĵһ˫ôάֵôƯġ
˰ǿɲУҾԸӦòϲ˸ԼȻ˿ΪǹԹűȽϺá
һ죬ߺؿ⣬ŤǱŤǲòϣ仹Ǻܸ˵ġ
Сʱ2.0˺ַɿ뿪ˡ
ȸԼҨҪȥʵҲʲô¶˳ϾϾЩʱҲķǡǸʱ򣬾Ҫ΢΢Ǹһ㡣
Ѹոռĳֵȥź꣺ôʲôʱķأ˵һЩҿɲ֪
̸Ͼ˼ϵľˣжϵİӣѹⶺһţûʱ򣬳Է
һ˫ӼһѼ˿պ˽ŵϣ䲻˵ҾֻƾԼĲˡ
֪Ϊʲô˵Ժ󣬰䷴ø˼ˡ
˰
͸ѽ춼ģѱͰظ߶䣬˭֪·ϰȻ˷򣺡ҪȻȥɣȥӸˡ
ʵ˭Һһ𡣡
ѰȻԴӴȥºæýŲմأŶã˰ȦŰ٣ϢϢ
һڣôѸСβƵģô˦˦
˵ſڣۼ⣬ϳǰæܳʲô
ฮЦȥ·ˣ˳ٴЩ
ǡ
Ѹ˵ÿҪƵģԽؼң̫Ҹˣ̫ãĵЦÿ
ûвߵѾߵͦá
俴ȶȾûȥ⣬СŮЩӦõġ
Ѵ˴Сʱ򸸻æĸҲæŴÿն飬߾ֻмźС̫࡭

ѵĻ·ϣ˻ȥĿⲻƵضŴˡ
ϧѻȻδȫĶϣȻ쬵İɣأ
վԱ߻ȥ𣿡㶵ʵ
䷭Ѷͷ£ôϵϣȥҴߡ
̲סڵҪǰ棿
Ȼأ䷴ʵѲԸ£
ĳ۸ѣʱ˸£үɱƵģɲң
ѲŲôСѾͷƬӣǰ棬Ҳ֪ô£ȻǶŮӣǲ롣
㣬ƥ
ҿӣ˵Ȳ˵ѻ᲻⣬ҪȥķԷܰ
󣬻ǰѻฮһ·ϳĬԣ·ֻص.㣬ðע⵽ڸǵøպ¶һ˿˼һֱڸ˵飬һûָ
ฮſڣŵļҶӹ£ȥԵիɣ˵Ƕ˵µĿɽˡ
šѲ̲شӦˡ
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ѵ治ʹһ·Ҫֱʱȴ÷
ûжӦֵص˵ͷȻ伴ΪҷˣչǱҲӦõģԺȥǶҶ˫ļǮ
Ǳõһֱˡõһ
˶ӵģ;үǡ̫չ˱˵ĸˣ
ԱվŵļҶѹעĵطһ룬ĵûñ˵ģǾǮҲֻûı˻
ſǲҪǮտǸ˫ȻڹǵӶܵӡ
ǰŸջԺӣˣѽ͸ʲôϸϸһ飬ͷ۵ĺҲܷ̹١
;үˣ¸³ʮƸ
һ㶣ʮô簡
һ£ɵӣϹ˵ʲô
˽ϻŮ᲻Ͷ
һ˵⣬Ҳ᣺үͨˣҿҲϲ㣬Ժؼҿδز׼
һҲͬ⣡ͬ⡭ͬҾִ
ϱùЦүСϰ䣬ҪܴӮҲһ׮¡
ĸŮڰѳصĻҹ˵Ļ
ԺһƬЦһߣҪַ졣

 41 

ӣĹӣͲô¶棬ҪҲֻڹԶԶһֻۣ֮٣Ѿһûˡ
޷ֻðԼ˼֮дֽϣƫƫݾԼŮûʲôõģ֮ǰţһȻȻͱˡ
ݱܸˣԼҹﲻ䣬һ쵽ҰĹ򣬻ɲóһŮ𣿽дʲô˾͸յŵƵģžؽ¿ˡ
Ҹ˵ٴˣӲѾͷ֪ĵôͲף̣ʵңǲӣǲģ
̼öţҾ룬ҹ뻹𣿡
Уͷɢһ飬ۿʱѪ˿ģҹ˭ܼޣǸûõĶϾү̫ƫҪ²ʹǰɣ
Ѱңû֮ɨѾֱ߽Ӷϵļëӣৡϳ¡
ʹôУƫƫҷˮƵ
ݷ˻ЦʱҲˣʱ׼ҵ㲻ʹˡ
˵꣬ݺݵص̣ûϢģҲɣԺҿдֶϸƤ
ߺŴӵѸոհ˺ֽһһƴϲӣ
ƾʲôƾʲôͿ׵õԼҪģϲү˶Ϊ·Ϊ쵥ദĻᡣֻܹССͷдŶҪҴŲ˷֣
ĨԹޣãȻùǰ䣬Ҳù
˵Ҳɣѵ֮ҪϽھõǼ֬ǰ˾үаϲ˰Ϲȥ
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Ц춼ϲ£ˣӴΪүϵҡ
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һ߿һŲɫһߴԼˣǺûг⣿
ˣѾͷûţǽԶݺǸȫ˭֪ʲôƢȴ˭ǰЩӣ֪ɣ˶ټҷඪ˰׼ŮأҿǸܼŮԺҲǸܼϱ
˵ҷãһ˵Ѿ˼Ұװίһ䣺ηˣӦûûհװɣ
ݻûûʲôֵߣٰܼҲûϵҲƲǮĶ࣬ӻһǹġ
ڨڨҲ찡
ηˣѴϵ㲻ãѾ̫𣿡
ǣѾʸܾˣ
Ȼң̸丵ѾҪ͸Ķãϰ壬Ҫ
Ů˼һɫˣܷ˹ǻӭĿʽȥԼҷ˲Ĳ±ϳ𣿣
ϸӸϰһӣҲûǮԹԵˡ
ԭػðɣСˣƽʱøͷƵģ˨˵ĵһһס
ǸùѾͷ治֪ӶԻҲԵ߻أ˵Ļˡ
Լ˸ûȤ˶ľһ˵׼ؼңոһʹĺϢ
˭˰ộھæһںµСѾߵ
ˣҵĳ·ˣ˵ǿǼҶȵǰͨɡ
һȥǸɨǣͺ¶ûǳ·ƽ￴ҲǸׯŵģôͿ
СѾһݣ˳ͬӣҪ˵ȥ
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һǲˣȥʣ˵ฮ˭ˣ
ʻѾĲ鲻Ըҳ·ˡ
׷ʣ
Ķǰء
һѵˣ˵ǲأشⶼͷûգ̶Ϊû䣬ƾʲôϺǮܹϺӣ
ǰ·˺ȿڲɤӣ¶ĵ۵׸ֳ֪Ǵĳӣⷬ˼ػ˲ٹ򡣡
·˵Цˣɫ󣬸˸޽ǵⲻǼĳģѾͷڼû£Լҹĵġ
·۾⾹ģԼʧܿʧˣֻǡֻǡ
ҲգҲ˵·ûж⣬Уδľ˭ҵɣ
£˵·Ҷһ˵һ첻ŵģôϹĥЩ
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ⷬýļˣǫ·˹ˡ
·תתϵĽӣԾظĻƣѻ·ϣ׷ˣʵҽͨɡ
ϵˣգ۾ǡ
·˲˼ؿһƿĿҼǸСӣ
ʵ˵˰ɣҼҾһֱעǼҶҲ֪ǰͷһֱǲ۵ĶţҲû˼ᣬ׷粨ȥˣҲƤš
Ϻһͣ¾ǰҵճӣҪϮģΪฮŮҲŵԡ
𾪵ģǳ·Ǿ䡰ҼҾһֱעǼҶҶΪأַʣû뵽ȻǸӡ
׷ˣ׷ˣΣ
ʵɣ·˾Ѿʮþȵ飬ǰЩӶˣŮǱĸȥˣТԽȥûʲôϾǶ㣬˵үϾ̫
ңǼҾʵûʲô޵ĵطŵģû䲻ϵġ
Ǵˣ¸³ʮƸץ㶯ÿһͬޣ˫ϲţ
Ц£Ǹúӣ²Լģúү
һ˵·еˣشȻ
ɩӣ˵йһĸо·˲üͷ
ݼ·ˣЦҾ˵أԭǳ·ˡ
·˵˾䣺η˺á
֪ĸŮฮס飬˵úЩã˵òǰƶฮ硣
Ҫѻ½ƣиŮ֮ǰ˭ù
ɩӣҿҪҪѾͷȥ㣬ţ㿴ƵĻ˲˵ǱһƳŶһ٣Ǹ˷
ã˵ˣֱЩóĸ˲٣Լ£űʥϴң湫ŮףģҪ˻ûȫµĻԼ
һƲΪ룬ɩа
׷˵öԡ·ҲǺլɱģ᲻֪ݰʲôģ˳㲹ˣ˵Ǿ̫³çˣί²ƽȥѵ湫һ١
䣬ϺͰͬʲô
ưǶٴ򣬾Ȼǳ¾ָʹģ

 42 

ƸȾƸøЩԺʹûʲô𣬵ƵƵ濴۾Ѿ˵顣
ʱʱŪķңһȸ˷ĲˮݺݵСǽȥ
ǡð䱧Ų˰ٺϵĻƿһ˵ڻ治ЦѽѽҪȲ
˭Ȳ˭һƿֻǾ̫ˣȥ
ؽҴ˰ɣյģĶˣĶˣ
һȻ뵽ǿк˵ģֱ˱װƵʵ졭˭ûа
װ˭˭Ҳ֪
һ˦ͷҡһ򵽶ϣ۾һգװװ֪
þգ˲ˣôܻҶҪȥܼˡ
üͷСԹҪȺ찡
ӶȹӷظϹүˣ˵ڻ԰ǿµء
ȻǸɫ׵ˣ˵أ㲻һļ
ǰҾļ̹̹һղҶûˣǲø
Цųȥˣһ˴˴꼦ƤŮ˰ǰһֱ˵үĻƸ񶼻ûأľѾɳȥˡ
У֮ǰһֱû֣һָƤģԼеԵΪôġ
һ·С԰ƹɽڷվñֱͦĸѡ
һѾлˣһصĺ꣬һ紵ѵ½ǺͷƮſиֻ㣬˵Ŀʡ
Ųͼȥ͵Ϯոߵ󣬾ͱһץס󣺡ɻ£
ûУһַֻĵֻ뿴㷴Ӧ첻죿Ͼôꡣ
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ӴˣѰѻ˵жԷ
ӵʽ֪֬븵ѾȻˣŮϲЩС֪򡭡
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ƫƫ˻֪֮ϲ𣿡
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˵˵Ļ̵£ٰ㲻ԸȴԽԽͷ̧
һᣬر۾ѵĶȴͣˣָȻ𣬰ӣǵͿ֬ǡ

Ƥ˶ôûã
糬
ɳЩϡ
Ű°ͣһһ㣬ĴĨԼ棬ù˵־ȻСĵһ顣
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ѵǰԾһ£ȴŰ°ҿóۣûɫȻÿ
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ͷá
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׼ʱͻȻԱһСչڷϸ΢
ʱðſţȴ·һ亹˳޽°ͣʿˮСشСӵš
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ģȻһɫĳߣ
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ѼʱܹȥǰߵԶ漴һִסͷһִסβظ˸ᡣ
źСѾôһͬ˵ԭزҶ
Ѷ԰վ𣿡
Զһ㣡е㲻ȣǿǿվ
ѷԸȥҼץߵļҶУǹȥԺ˯ǺúõذԺһ飬ٳЩĶ
ܿ죬Ҷþ߽ˣץһûߣүûҲûס
䱻ѷʯʯ£Ѹ䵹˱裬Ƶǰ
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ţȷʵ˹Ϊ֮ѷߣûĻӦǱ߽һеĶߣ߳֡
ʵж඾
̧̧ͷԶĶ߶˻ɣ߽Ķߣأ
䵹һǣԺǼѾߣô˷Ŷ߽
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䵱Ȼܸ࣬˳ŸѵĻ԰԰Ǵûùô֪
Ѽעתˣֲɫذѻطȥ
ͬʱһڰУֲƵ΢΢
ߵѾ߼Ҵҽץʣô䡭ûУ
ѾҧŴҡҡͷͿˣǡүˡ
ʲôҧгݵ˵Ȼһ¡
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ֱһͷۻͷ̫רָɹƵģɹǰʰ쵵ġ
Ѿۼ̾ҪڵϣʱסһˮģǾүҲ鵽ϵģ˶ӣһһȥɵĶأûǵ¡
̽Ѿߵ֣ġģү϶ܲģô졭ô졭
ʹϣ˫ֱͷͼӱܲɴʵ

 43 

ϣȫ뿪󣬸Ѳͬͽ̸顣
һѻ׵ĺ룬ԺµѾʹûУ
үĻȫʹˣдˣһٶȥæûпнԺˡ
ֵø˵ӣ׮£Ⱦ˳ݣô飬ϱ˼ʣҲеˡ
ôӣǿԴԴͷ֣ð֮˸еʩѹǺǱ߽شеĶǿȥЩӱ߽ǵ̶ӣǷߡ
ңǶߣȴҲһζҩģ۸񰺹󣬴ǵ̶ӣӦòࡣ
ţǾ˵
ϵ֮ҲЩοδŮΪŮ룬ԺӾԲѹ
ŰķԸ͸ѳ֮ȥǼҹ֪ϲǸɫˣԺٸġ
ĵүǻ棬ǹﻹΪԼαװúܺأ˼үͰ˿͸ˡ
ǡ
*
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ʺԺһˣлʲôء
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찡⣬Ҫ
꣡˸ƣŮ˵ʲô֪ȵʱϷһǾ͵ſЦɣ
̶پ׺䶥³ɣƱҪ޸ӣӰô˼޸
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صӣɵòỹڳɣ
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ŮشȣҪȥ·ء
ЦŵǡãҲЩȣһɡ
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㣬֪㲻ϲңѵҪҪܾ𣿻·ѡ
ڰ֣ˣ⸱ӣû㡣
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Ů˵˵طͳȥˣ˰ǰ֮˼·ʹ£ȷû㿪ʼ
ʱ̳˳ӣ㣬㲻Ƕˮȥϴϴɡ
ЩˮԭԤϢģ˺ູܶȲһҲãһһ㡣
̸Ͻʼ·ĵ㣬㡭
һֱнŲ̵һᵽɤۡȻ䣬ĽŲ׽ΪԵһ֣ǽŲԽԽԽԽͣǷǰ
ˡһűֱƿ
Ů̫ӽ滹Ҳ
㣬ˤˡ
ˮȥҨˮӲ
͵ػͷǡÿƹ磬ȵӰ۾ָŴѵֻʣǶʣ˭
ҲһôأĶȥˣ
̱űӣͣƵǸµ㣬ȾҰ

 44 

ԶɽŸڵķ䣬ΧˮйͨĹŮ̫࣬ԶɽһΧʲôȻǰûź򣬿иô
Ů̫ǼԶɽæˣ߻߻ͷ
һȥѱվһߵİ䣬·֪һҲûУҲɵ˿
վߣСôˣ
ҡҡͷ̫˵ʱӹҵûˣǲƿŽģ˭֪պÿιﻻ·ء
̴ʱѴ룬۾Ѿף޶޲ˣʺһֱڰ˵иġ
Ҳں޲ýǧУǴ˻ʺߵĹŮӵȥǵ˴ߣŰԭһʧļƻȴΪĳ֣ǵŬһ
ƵߣϲϾЦˣ˭֪ߵļŮ˵ʲôιôѽѽιôŮ޸̫ίˡ
ͷһס˵ĹŮ˵˭Ҫ޸ӣ
ô๬ŮҲûݵģǰľһλ֪ɣμҵ̹·ʱƼˣ޵ȥء
˫ץסŮֱۣҲ֪û־ôôץùŮ۵ġ
˵ιǲǰŮ
ŮòѳȻȻĶȥҸ̹
˲ϸʣݸϽ˵ĵطܣ̬˲ˣͷһһ縵ɢλҲҪ
ƿŽȥͿڴϵ̣߰οĻʺԼӲͬĿʡȻЩӣ
۾ŭ͵һͣ۷ףҲֲ֧סˡһεڵء
*
鷿ڣ̾˿డ˵˵¸ôɡ
ȫƾ
£˵ѰҲѰ죬˵ðҲð죬ϵãϾǸùûף˵̫ˡ
޸ӣŮݣԺ˵ҲҴĹõ֤ǡ
뽲ûаԥϵڳҪģ
ЦЦҾ˵࣬ʵ޺аյĸ
ʣֽдһ֣õݸ𣬰򿪣ֻдһݡ֣Ȼ˸档
̳Ժ㲻μˣҲ㲻ð׼ˣ𣿡
ֽһţʮ飬ڴĽɽǰ̮۾ްԹԣ
ױһ³ĵ˸⽿Σ˾˸ð˺ܷϯͷϵĽΣǻؽھõġΪʱ̫Լ
Ҫ޸ӣϾǴฮ޳ȥҶܸӵˡ
ԴŮҪ޸ӵ°϶Ժ󣬰սݣԽԽ㲣̶ʮ죬ʮꡣ
ÿһ֥ͷϾȻҲ˰׷СĺǻǶ˼˿ƣϽ̵ķһֱûֹˮ
̶̶ָ̧ԼһƣôôܲסΪʲôҪ㣬Ϊʲô
ްŮϲӣӦø˲ǡ
һƿʲôԼԺԼ¿꣬ôţ
˵ŮҪ޵ӣʲôСС̻ǲףΪʲôﵽڻڷԡ
̧Ƹ챦ۻңôͲأ
ֽιʱѵ߰ɡ
ϾԼҲ̲סᣬץŰݵֿ޺
ߣߣһ·Ƶ⣬ӽԺҾ͵ûŮ
̸ϺͷַߣﲻҪģϲӣǲܼģԺܿ޵Ӷء
ӣлֽ̻塣
˵ҲЦԷǣ̳ŵˣȻľ˾˺;裬֮ǰ̶ฮޣǻĶݣһҪǵݶ顣
̳һ񣺡ǣ̶֪ˡ
ʱΡ
ĬĬԣ䶼Ŀ̵ĺ뿪ڱ˲עʱع˹֣ʾ
˶̶֪Ѩ̻вԸڽϣϲţŬ༤顣
ڵóԸܹ޸ĽѾõˡ
ฮȣӵĸۡˣҲԹۣ̳Ĺķأֻ֤ĹʹڣǵĹʦ
ϣ̶·ӸտʼΪӺƣٵΪ鵢ʱֱѾ߳Ѿ鷿Ъˣ극ҲЪ˰ɡ
̻ƿͷص֪ˡ
вʧį
ͬʱڵİУĹĶԲߡ
Ǹ̲ڸھһ֪Ҫ£ǵļƻͳʧˣҲݺݵһۡ
֪ûãͷû˵
ˣڹ˭ûã˫ֳӣǰ㣬۾ҲǱǣĿˣһɡ
ӣҲŵǿˣǸǿˣĹأǲ𣿡
ʦҲӣҪ֮ʡ
̾˿ɫȻȥֱ˳صΣ֪ˣΪĹһᰴ˵ġ
ʦ̨ĵɲ²˳٣ٹһ£ǾҪʼˡ
Ҳƻǰֻһ⣬߿ʼǶҪ⣬ȥ˻ɰ
˵صشӣ˵ףǸѾͷǵĺ£ǳɹͿԼ޽ʱ۳ʲô쳣涼ᷢ֡
ʦȥǽ޴Ӱӣǻһʱ䣬Ѱҽҩ֮ǰҲǰеˡ
˶ʦȻЦıյĿռ죺˵ףǴԾĹʦְʦ֣ΪϾľһӣʲô³
Ǳجѵģ˶Χָָ㣬˽ۺѾһ߿տյ̺Ȼһᡣ
ˣź̵Ѿһֱ˯£һȲ衣
ѾҲ½ë̸ոϴҲͽˣԭѾˡ
̶ֺԼɷûʲôøУ䲻ȵشӦˣе˱ȻԺһӦ񣬶Ҫ
ҲЦһص߽£˵ˣս¶ϤĿǰе£Ҫ
԰ëһӣˣ֮ǰһֱӣ˺ƤȻⷬС˵־ģ
̽ѾָǲԽҪܼҵĵ
Ҳٷ꣬ôһСѾ߸ŵǰץסѾߵֱֻۣꡱһѾߵڵϲҽ
¶¶ôˣ̸¶ֱ֣۶ϳ룬㶯һ˦˦ȥ
𾪵˼£⡭һλŵĲе
Ҳˮϴϴ֣Ѿߴֱţ֣ͷٴӸһֻʣ¶İҲǰֵˣҹӽҪʱҩǼס𣿡
Ѿסˡ
վסܻȥ׷ȴһѾס⼸ϷƵĶ˳һҩ
ҩɡ
̷ЩѾôѲҩԽԽĿֵ

 45 

죬ѴŰȥ棬ֹã¾ҲŰˣʫ缸Լˣù緹ͳˡ
ฮĺһڣͽǰʱӹˣ࣬ˡ
ףˡ
һ˵ֻڵ£⣬׸ҵȾ塣
ϱ۾˰֣ȥɡ
ݵԺһȻ˽ȵ˭ԺЩ̣
ηˣеϰµˣϵĿͣҵȲҲӡ
ûз֣ù緹ԺԺҲûѾǵӰʼţææܣϲȵȹǣڵء
Ǿ֣ߴе
һ·ǰعȥ϶䣬ʱַſүˡ
ϣ˺ã˺á
ԽԽů䴩Ŷɫ죬ɫȹȥĸˮƵˮ飬Ϊɹ˸ñ˿̣Ҳûˡ
ñժʵôˣ
ͣһƬݵϣ۵Ŀβ˷ܵ˦˦ȥ
ҳΪҪʲô°ɣ
ѲĬƬ̺ǡ
䴹ͷ̧ޱߵĴɫҪĸ𣿡
š
ӿһѹ̺Ͱݶˣɿһ޸ӣһΪŮ޸Ӷʧȥ
ģеĲ̡
ǹҶ֮ˣȴΪС
룬Ǹ߰䣺ߣ̷ŵġ
ŶʵҴҲµˣЦЦ֪ǣűߣҼʳԡ
ѿȾϵķβԭˣ
һۣûУǺȻνˡ
֮䱾͸һ蹵̼޸ӣ蹵ɲ⣬΢̽һ½ŶңעֻܿŰıӰֱʵûС
˲˵ЩˣߣǰиձرóԣǮڸǰ˻Σ㡣
˵գˡ
ѽְñϣģԺ󲻹ܷʲô£Ҷһֱ㡣
ǿһֱ
ɫñͷЦ£ƥýһЩַڸѵϡ
ѵֹǽڷ滹͹Ҳǡ
Ǹձ̯ڲԶĵط̯ӵϲɣ۾ǲŻĶˣҪ
Ӧţͳöͭ壬ݵϲ
ƺǰ˵֣ϲΡΡؽ£ӽԱߵľһֻۣľͭ嶼һͼ̫·Ŵ۵Ĺ⡣
ϲֽձλߡ
ձǰõģһֱ¯ţһҧȥִ࣬磬Ե𣬲ͷһȴָһڶû
ˮҺһڣձһȥôԣǲӲɾ
ûзϣĸȷʵ׽ǳ˿ʳЩ֪Χ
ôҵǸձ̯ģ
䳯Ц£ڱ峿Щ͸ķۣϲҹˣز
ƸһȦ£λϲձһ¿׬٣
˼һƳĽ˵һӣ
˳ʤϲãʮ
ѳһȻƽעĶǳ֮ϵ£䣬ȶöؤļҲЩͨճõ㡣
֪ġ
ָͷͣһձǮɱһģϣϲͰѳƵͷҪһͷÿĳǧϰˣձ㣬ҶϲֻҪһаʮǶ㹻
ͷϲѳ˾·ϣ⣬ֻҪζһƮͲû򡣡
ѵͷЦû뵽
߽Щѹ㲻Ҫ˼òģҵһ˵ʮĶأһשӣĽء
ฮҵǧ𣬰̸Щȴѿ۾ĵûˣֱʱɰˡ
̲סְָۣмã̧һģ㣺ʲôҸ㽲ֻû
бĽǶ̫һעҪȥѺһͣһѣԼȥ˰档
㹻ۼֿ죬ɵʱǱضҪˤȥģֻԼС˺
۾˻ȴûԤ֮еʹۣԼſڸѵؿڡ
ˤûУ
ڡغ˵ôһоûУٴ·˲٣˿ڸѵز
¿ˮ񡭡ͦϵĹ
ͻȻŰҲ΢𶯣䣬ò㣬ǻ棿
عӺˣæҵشӸڸոһڣ˵·Щңڰ£ǲСƳһĨ⡣
Ͻ۾ĬӲͣʹһһѭͼ
Ȱ󣬸ѲƵһȣֳ棬ЩϸԷĺ΢¹
Ժ󣬸֣侯ؿһۣʲô
ȻˤˣǣЩ
ͷһȣԾԾԣֿܿ˿Χֵȵ˵ʱٷſ
һС⡭ֻΪ˰ȫĶ԰ɣõһɣʱֱ׳ǾΪѵǣҺˡ
һͦŰ
ַģ۴вҪǲúţ군ˡ
ԸѲδƽϣ˵ƥüһһСֽһ𣬴ӱ󿴣һʤյĻ
뻭˹ڵʱص㶼޹أ˵ģ֮ǢǡôķΧ
Ҳ֪ǲǶæŴȥˣûжˣѺͰ䲢ãһ̤ˡ
ʱúܿ죬Ѱǰһ콭ϰеģ緹ǰѰͻฮ
̤ʯףȻЩ᲻ãعͷҪȥˣ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ûˡѻشһʧ䣬Ҳ˼ʲôֻﰵ顣
ˣ޲仰ͽ꣬ӴԺҲ棬ѱ΢˫̬ˣȻֹ»˵ˣ´ξҲ˵ʲôˡ
ͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬸ѵ·߷ŴʮЮº͵Ĵ磬˵⡣
񣬸ƿĿ⣬ֿ䣬Ҫˡ
Ȼնôݣ˿ҲҲػֻõҵˣٽȥ
ѵǹ˸СĻȣá

 46 

ȻȥԺ󣬼ѾɾˣҲˣ˸߲ҵӣȻ¾ʲôҲûҲãˣǲӦ֪ЩH¡
÷ʱһֱųƵϢãؿ˿Ͱ䣬ͼҳ𰸣ҡҡͷʾ˵
Ѿǰѷ˳ȥں󣬰ųǹĸȥˡ
ȵĵȻҪɴ۾ʲô
𱸵ؿһۣܿȥҲûй·ͻȻǹĸȻ񼲣ȴѾزˡ
һֱˣϢҲûֻֻǸ̾һʻˡ
ǹĸฮסվҲμҵˣμѾ˸ȥˣӴԺฮҲûˡ
ԭ֮õ£ĸŮȴûκϲֻһ˿նĳء
صԺӺ󣬰صŰ䣺úõһˣô˵ûûˣ̸ոճ޾ͳ£᲻ʲô
ôᣬ˷ǰ鷢˰ǿǵãʲô롣
ô˵ȴȥǰݱϾãպΪĳЩԭ˻ϡĵ·᲻Ҳף˲кԼŮ
˸飬ϾȻ˲ϸϸܵ亹ۣ˿ûϵ׼ҲԲµķ
뵽ɵðࡣ
˵ҲЦԷǣ׵İ͸Ȼ˵ǧ֮һ
ԹԵ˵ˡĸˣҲ֪ǸѾͷܲȥһ̣Ӹ̶ѨҲ֪Ժܲ
룬ǶȷʵùһҲܣ˿иͷʲôǣʳ浹˿ֻÿһҩľͷȥࡣ
һʼӸһȦȥ԰תתˡ
зҲҩźѾӲȥҲżȴδз
ֶȡӵЩÿֻҲҲΪ롣
棬Ҳ棬ʹ̫Ķ޴񶼻ΪҪʩչͨ˼լԺǵ㹦
جΣεӲӢӣǻΪһһҪѪȫȸɡͷĹƴܰܣȴʼܲǸڰ

͵۾ͷȫ亹ͷˮʪ棬µıϣѾ͸ˡ
ȻƳŵˣͷһµرűӶ㵽棺㡭ʲô
Ҳҩ״ҩ룬ϸ˫ַϣӸµ㡣
ٺģ̷ؿĭӷɳţ䵽ϣӸûһˣǣʵҡȿȡ
Ҳվ⿴̲ò۾㻹е㳤㲻Ҳˡ
㣡Һʱ˵ֻȻǰųˣŮˣֱǹ˼
ҲεҡҡͷϻǸϢ˵Ҿߡ
̾ʲôϢ
ˡ
̷Ӧ˺þãԴһƬհףһŴһƭңƭңôҳ޵ʱúõģôᣡ
ҲŤŤӣȻϾҪߡ
˴ӷ´ۿѣѪ˿۰ףʹҲӣɣǰɣǲǰɱˣǲǣ
Ҳ·ﳶ漴̵°ͣǸʲôֵȥɱģ
Ҫǻϵ˼𣿡
ǵļƻҪ޽ʼˡ
Ҳƽ˵ȴ̵ĻصڵϣȻΪǡʲôûֻǼ޸ӣΪ򵥵ԭͱɣ
ƭңͷȫɢˣһǶһ縵شϣץסҲļҪߣ˵İɣҵĲͺλðɣΣ
ǴҲƿ̣ϲڵĻҳԺ󣬰ɥ¶Ըٰ죬ֱμҵʬˣμҲǵСģ˸ӾͰ˸ˣֽǮûռţϧϧ
Цˣ̷Ӧ֮Ͻ׷ȥҳҪȥҪТҳ
ֿʼҵؿԣ·ҪĸƢҲȳƵģѪɫȫޣһ˫۾ͨѡ
ҲعͷĴΣ漴ԸǣѻúøסˣԺһ
ǣ
ֱѾ߸ȥŸϣο޺þȫĴţǶûһ˿ݡ
Ҳ̵Ժߺֱӵ鷿ᳵ·ת̨żܻƿ¶һһߵͨ
ˡ
£ʦӣŸոտʼ
ǣ߻һϤס
ŹӣһһʣϺ;үʦڿټʦ
覵ǰһ̨İӰ֮УûС
δ׹֮Ѿʰ·ˣôδйκټͻȻ֣ƾҵĹְ᲻֪ġ
һֱվڽŹӣǲֻôд½ҶϷǸͷة࣬ϻ᲻˲żң
񣬡ɳƵС֪ŹӶ£һǶġ
ҲûŭЩҵࡢҲΪ˽죬ʦҪǡ
Ȼ
Ҳ۵ɱ⣺ʦǺʱ֣
˿ڲ裬촽⶯뾸үԺ󡣡
˵׹ƣɴǩ֮ɴڣ䣬ֵܰĸţԲȥǳԺ̳Ϳ԰Ѱ岻ʵĽƵ˰ֲϣͨǿֵĹԱΪȡʱ䡣
ߺ޵شǽ˵ǸСѾͷ£ͼ޸ӣǻҪô
ζؿ˿΢΢ȭͷЦӲȵģ³ԺҪʲôûУִҪҲԣȷʵѾ޹ˣҲ㹻ġ
ƿĿ⣺ûǸ˼
覴ҡҡǣҶˡ
ʦֺڵüë壬ؿӣǵǵʹ
û̧ͷһȦΪĹ񣬾ҸҲĸԸ
覹Ƶã
ӻ谵İһʱۡ
ַŵüë棬ۣ룬Ժǰ㲻ƽκ˵ݡ˭Ц޵ˣҲҲ˰ɡ

 47 

ת۱Ƹӣٴʮ̧ƸǰฮƸҪзͬΪʼȻˣýϾϲǣ˴Ƹʺˣ̫˼Ҳһˣ
˱ϱϯλϣķ˹ǰϲϾй⣬дˡ
·ںͻʺף̫ʱˣǰЩҲƸǰɣ
·ЦŻشǣֹάǲȾүƣ˼붯ˣɼļϵġ
̫ڰ֣ͷϵĽγĵӺݻ󣺡ԼҪģϲѾͷǺӣЩҲ޷ˣϲڵޡ
ʺ̵̫ģȤϲ޻򵥣ѾͷѳԺ󣬸ֺӳ
˻һЦһţȴЦԺֵ̫ҵǲͻʵ۶λһλˣǳ·ˣϿӣҪϮģҪӰѾˣ
·Ц죬ϵҿɹܲˣҼǺӱѾͷúܣָСҪ۹һӣſϸŮ
˾Цúϲ£죬ͬʱҲ࣬·ƣ¾ҲǸúӣ޹ȥóǲ˵ЩʱվүôȫҪ֮£ķҲҲˡ
ͰԺ죬Уʵɱȳ¼Ƹʱֶˡ
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νӣһӾͱסˣҡҡ̾ſ˵ϾҪˣҺúѽ
ʲô˴̵ͦıӣһۣƿ
ȼԺ󣬾ͲˣϤ˾ֻг¾˼ͳģǶڣ˭˵ѽü
Цǰǽ㣬ȴҪչ˵Уƫƫִ׵գż¶ʾ̲סȥο
ģɱǼгϢˣΪֱֶԳ·һһ⣬δȡ檣ȻУ·ҲͨˣΪ㡣˵Ϥˡ
仵Ц£ǲǻ˵һϤˣδķ¾𣿡
㣡Ҫ
˻ûֶãѾȹӣһţ˽
Ǿš
ȰҵȡЦųŰҡҡͷûУδķҽԺƣд˷ҡ
űӣ̲סˣͬһģôͿôôҪأ
ǰţ
дú棬ôֽһҲûУдҲЩëƤС£ȥ˵ģ㲻ģҲ·ᵽꣻе⼸æˣֿԴȥˣ⼸ãЩʳһ졣
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󣬸ѻдһʫ֮ǰΪд֮ʣ䲻˵¯࣬ȴܳϣⱲӶ뿴ѱдһӸ㿴һӸ
ѾЦñԱֵĻҪˣڽţүдʲôҿ
䶯Ƿ֮£ôܸǿ㣬ҪȤǾͽг¾ϸдһ⣬һˡ
ܻؽ֣ͷûأһҲ¾дһȥ
侶ֱȥԺСֿʼ⣬Ա߸֣Ҫʲôѽ
ѱ˸ģȻ
ʱȽϾã͹ķû˵ϳԣӿԺͰѸϳȥˣȡ֮ǰһЩͣʼ񻨡
滭һһŮСˣףŮСԱд֣СԱд˸ѵ֣װԺŽѽ
䶣һҪ͵ϣУ򿪵ʱκ˿
ȻֻСˣ¡Ҫбڳ˵Ҫ..ͼ
ѶʱоĵǧصͷĹһ͵
ڣݳ鷿ţүͶˡ
Ŷѷֽʣŵʲô
ݳͷ⣬Ҳ֪ѹ˵ǹｻһҪ͵մմһ¡
ѳ˼£ɡ
ȸѲǰһӣѲСһһŲسʮСĵ˸Ȼ֣صүģǧ㣬ֻһ˵ʱܴ򿪡
ݳڵʲôصЩƶһۣ
ѷµ⣬ظ㽵ɣĵȻǶһ޶ĺ
ı飬ֺΣķǰˣȥͣҲȫȥ
ǡ
ʱǰϾֻีһˣż˿
һһزİװĲ澫µĺӣȡһƲСĵ⡣
ϵǸ״˵һģֻϲ˲Żơ
ؿһȣһģȴܶԵȵһĸ
ڼ࣬ȻˣǾͽ˶͸գģҲġ
ϸϸ˿ͼǿϳǻе󣬲ѻǺܿͿˡ
ٿȻˣֲܿƵһϵĲˮϽæҵðںĲɾ
⻭ľȻǡ
޿κεҡҡͷʳ滭ֻһϷŪˣϷŪĸоһᷳƣáϲ
ԣд˰ֵǱ߻ԼǸСͷϻи򵥵Ĳҡ
Ѵľó׼ĺõӣѰС˸Եˡ
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ͰĻڶͬһ죬ʮһͬޡ
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ˣǾѫ˼ңͨգҲ쳤˲ǳ׵

 48 

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䷢һ̴ٵļУ漴ѷڿУϵĸɹȫɨڵأɴʱ£ҡҷճ˵̬ҰͶ

 49 

ǱĲѵģûȵʱȴѾв̶۽иͣ
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ʺķңһƳİ䣬һµףֺÿλȽϺʣ˵ǴС
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վ΢΢Ƿʺˡܣ빫ǽӴ֪λõѡ
һ˿Ȼ뾸үղųף˭֪ĻжأǽָԼŮǻлת

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λֱȽϵ͵վá
񣬡ֱߵʺǰʺﰲá
ʺϽӹǻûȫ°ɡ
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ʺѾѡλ𣿡
Ķô죬ʺ˰üģ˵Ƕ࣬û˵Ȼ
˶ǻЩĸĸʡ͵ĵƣ˵Ҳ֮С
ȻˣҵиʵѡתͷȥĸɹźףΣ
ʱɷףߵǰ£źĸ꣬ĸȫ
ЦЦĶҪźҹеĹ˲٣ѵȱһɣĸĻǴһʺ㸸ʷǣǻúõʹġ
Ҷ¶Ȼ飬ŪĺӣʱһΪԸ°֪ԭĸծӳء
Щ»ʺҲ֪Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣңȥǶԸԼĺȥѵҪΨһŮȥ
Դû˺ӣҲʼˣ˿Ű۾һߡ
ĸ㻰أȥȥѽ

 50 

ڵɫѿĸ
ǰ㣬ϣгһΪ㸸ʷǣ㵹ãôһС¶ϴӦֱĸһģһ
֮ĶԹٲ춼ûãʺѻȸֻż͵͵ĳ
ȻĸסʣԼޱʹ͵ĶȫõСѵʱָڹƢǵĸġ
ʲôޣЦ²ĶһӶõĳ谮
ˣ£ҪѵˣǵȻԼ˵ɡʺȰǻǼ飬˵һ飬ɹź׵ĹҺͻϽ׼ļױʹͣλȥԼվɡ
΢⻰ǻʺ˵ģڹôǰ뾡˰취ĥΪ׹޹ȥһó·
ɹǱ߲Ⱦǣ򲻺ãҲģǱŮ˵ĵλҲͣúһԭиȴҪȥǱܿ࣬˭Ҳġ
Щĸ۰ĺӣЩױʹȻϣɶڰѾѵõĺôˡ
Ȼʺ˵ⷬ󣬰ץЩĶʮֲм
˲ӲѸո˵ĻٸʽȥߵʺǰʺԸ游ʷǣԸǰɹźס
Է̵ողǻ˵źĸôһʹͣôͰĸˣ
⻰ǳڣҲǳǰɻǰĸʱǶģֻҪһóöһϳͻϲЦտ·Լĸ׵̬ȣȡĸܸĺô
Ĭصͷ絶ʻڲ
ʶܹӹһٵ͹Ҳķ˶ۺϷʵؿ֡
ĸ̵ģӦ游ʺͻʺǣĸԸǴȻҪĸĻ
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һһ䣬ϸΣڲҧ촽Լһ
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Ҳ˹ͻϴһֱڻʺţǰס۵ûУ
ҡҡͷãȻȥͬ㽲
ӰǶ䣬ĿǵԵһԺķޣɫӵؿǣһɲ֪ں
ǰǸǰܳĹӰ䣬ҲǸฮŮб֮Ĺ󣬶ȴľҪҪס˵ɫ
ʲô˺͹˵һģ̱ÿüëɫԼƲϵԼϵζܰɣ㣬Ժʱ򻹶أߣ
ץס󣬹ָǶֻһ̲ͣЪظߣֻһʺĻۡ
ڣ䳤һƣڼϣ׵λ
۾
ѵλãðһ㣬ִڰϣչʹõĲλ
ʵҲϵˣģƱҪƳ뿪ǣҲǶõĳ·
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ͷʵڻʺУˣҶ
ǣǰڻʺеΣһһʮȫ˸ѣѵ͵͵Ц˼Ǻȥ
ڸ·ϤζҲҺȥҹȥҰվ뷽跨鷳
ʱͰÿζƾ׿ԽĻѰѹʲôҲ˵Ҳûֻ˲˵㰲鷳ҲֻǻЦЦȻ뿪
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̧ͷ˫۾Ȼ˵ѻЦŵҵľү
ʻһĽֵٶȷŵúĽڣ˻δţֻǳһУ໥ӵǡ
ͬģҲûע⵽棬иؤߣϣһ˫۾ȴһ̲ͣضŻн֪ҲӰ
˵촽΢΢죬ϡ˹ʵﻹй
ǣǰ˵˼ҿɰôôˣ
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ȣǼԴ쳤ͷɢȣһ䵽һԼͬ۾Ź⣬վشϢû˩ǵ´ʱѾɱ˵ϡ
һĹͷ·Դһ㣬ͣذԱ߼ȻԼͷ͵£ءһ
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ﶼͨԵģݳпֻﶼǿ壬ǴɽϲŸոռţ֪Ǹδľˡ
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ΪȻȻʳóԣɦѵȮ°ͣ˰
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ڹһ󣬶ʱʶҷˣЦᴷ¸ѵĸ첲˵Ժпվǡ
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Ȱ͸̤Ժӣιʳ˲ΡΡͰȥҨøɸɾĹ֮ǰءޱ׺ݵؽιʳˡסƨӿԼǰƵȥһ⡣
ҹӸİڣʦ̳ǰдʣ̳Ϸ˺üͰͰȫǸֶѪˮҶһŨҵѪζ
ڳ˾ĬؿһУȻܻڵİڻһ磬¯ϵȼٶȼȼ棬Ͱд󺺸߸߾𣬽Ѫˮ˹ʦϣ
һʱ䣬ضȾѪɫǽվñֱҲ½ǶմѪ
ʦ۾Ȼۿѣ򽥽ͻʱ䣬ʧӰ٣ʦһˡεڵء
ãʦ۾ɤ͸ոսȻͬɡɹˡ

 51 

˸Σݴ˵ԾԾ
Ҳ֪ûˡ
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绹ǽȥɡ
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Ȼ˺þúþãûκԽԽԽԽڣһ·ϣæȴԽԽĻǳۼ
潥ûܸܵƤ˿Խ棬ԽԽܲʹԼҲȼ
䣬䣡
͵תѣڴϢţͷȴһƬʪ
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ɬ촽ͷ
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ɳƵǺܼǵˣͷεġ
ˮ£ǹӣٶϢһ£ȥһЩĸҲ
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޿κεҡҡͷļϵ˼ʹ˵㲻ĻҲø˵úܡ
߻·룬ԼǺǰͬˡ
ฮˣŮų죬ȴ÷·öûƵģǰȥʱʱסСѾʣλûУ
֪ļģǶТ˳ӣʱ϶·أ߶òҪù緹Żļ
ǿЦЦ裬ҲļҾǡ̫˼ˡ
ฮֵģɵŮʱ˵ȤԴǼˣõԺӸˣģʱкСѾߡȥҹ˵ŷӦǶڼҡ
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ûãҲˣıֱȰ仹ţŽϿ޸ͣ¾æ͵ĸڹһжãֻ̫ңԲŻˡ
޿ţϴҺܺãҲҺܺá
ֱǵһʣúҾͷˡ
糿һȥ鷿ˣĶ٣֣һƽϣˡ


Ѻͳ¾ͬʱͷûжżӣȻˣ˵˵ȥ鷿ǵ¡
һߣŮԼߣҿûݡ
俴ŲͣԼĽϣЦãѲܶҵĳʳ
ˣ̫͡
Цŵ˷ģֵùܵ²࣬඼ǼҶȥҲͼʹӺµСѾͷǹأ
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鷿ڣԸСȥɨһƬ辰ϿݻƵҶӣˮ·˲١
ѵȷʵˣ֮ˮ٣ǳ͢͵׼ˡ
̧̧ͷϣܿµİգǺúõضȹһɡ
¾˫ֽ棬ִĴִָĴָϣ߹ƺЩ̫ƽݰ̽ţĹһ±ڴ
üͷ壺Ӻ͹ʦڱ߹սǡ
ַڲϣ˸ꡱơ
˿ڲ裺ʱӸһЩǵˡ
緹ǴһԵģҲ֪ǲԼû˯ãǿƲסϹеȻȥ˯һ
д⣬ѵ㡣
Ժ︵ֻһΣǰƸʱﱻߣΪ˾ġ
ϴ·ͻȻѻûüúÿĹ뷿ϸˣ˵Ѿޣ滹ӣûմȾһ˿ҳ
ڳ򵥣ȴ˸ܵ˼ÿһƷڵǡô˿׸
ڴϣ۾ҲҪһ𣿡
ѹȥţ˯ɣҾԱߡ
˸У泯ѣ˯ȥ
ŮӰõѬ㣬Ͱ·һζڴĽǹĸÿң˾ȵĺһʱҲ⡣
جΣɱڴΣξδŻоѾϣԹһһ㱻ճɻҽ
Ҫѻȴ޼£ôĶǱȸղŸʢĻ棡
Ƹܵ걻˺ÿһطһεΧһУ·Ҫ˺ƬŸġ
Ҳܲסʹ˲Ϣ֮漣ָ

ѱѣոҽʵ̫ˣо˺ݺݵؾһ£̰Ѱ䱧ıûûˡ
ʲôΣȻµѡ
Ķͷڡ
ѻЩȫȫĵط
һʱգ۶ȥʱ򣬰ǿϵȻصϣ£һ˦ƣϲߣʱҪϿƵġ
ð俿ؿڣ˵ʱܸܵǻڵ𶯣ȻȥԺ˸һͰˮúϴϴٸһ֧ߵ㡣
ƤӶˣҾҲԾ
ʲô
ѣҾҺܲԾ
ÿϢûϢۣ˺˵جΣȴʲôǲסͺ񡭡ͺ񡭡
ͺˣڰ͵ҵ
ѵȻһģһ룬ɵǲûϢãҪҪฮס죿
ҡҡͷ˵ֱͷһƬһûסؿ˳
סΣһֱ侲Գֵ˴ʱȻţһֻס䣬һֻƿӴݳȥ̫ҽ

 52 

ҹɵƻͨѾǰܺ󣬴Էڶ˳մѪӡ
̫ҽüչһһεǺ˼үˡϷѧȾϺβɡ
һһ˼̫ͨҽǰ̫ҽһҪȾһֱû󲡣ôԤסͻȻ͵أ
̫ҽѾ̫ҽԺ¸صǰŮ͸ҽģؿȥҲĲ̡
үҲȣûȰ
üͷ̫ҽ֢״󣬺ּ񣿡
̫ҽѽһүʵ˵󣬸ûκ⣬һŮӵ󣡡
үݳվ⣬˵΢ܹģλУ˵Ĳ
һڣ֪Ҳ֣ʲôʱˣ㻹ǵĺƭϳȥ
ţ̫ҽסѵ֣үϷ޼δûи֣Ѿҽ￴һ
ѿۻԲѵİ䣬á
ܿ죬λбڶĴˣ̫ҽԱһڳλá
Ѱ˿˶ĴŵսսȴУһгӣƭֶ¯࣬ȷʵǸбˡ
Ҿ֮ŵүǴӺʱʼѪģ
Ѽȫ֮±Լʱ̡
̫ҽ廰£δôֱѪʱˣ
ЦЦĽѾ֪𣿡
̫ҽվǰ¸ʵĸֵ֣ʧ
үϷиҪ֪ܲܽܡе
̵뽲ֻҪܹȰķʲôۣԸ⣡
зеӣ硣
áǶûüԸְֱѰ·䡣
̫ҽ߶ŷӣȷʵ֪ëҽΣүһϣŵӴչȥơ
аӷĵϣȡһ룬մһɫҩˮڻϿ˿˰ֱϡ
ÿֶֻ󣬽վʱȡɡ
̫ҽȴƬ̣ȷʵûټѪʰӣֵλ̫ҽѧͽ£ѾǶԽкܸߵľˡ
ʸ£֪ȾϵǺβ
иǺӣδѪԭֻܶԾү˵
Ѿȶѵл̫ҽͣ˻ȥ
̫ҽֽֽ̣ߴվ󣬴̫ҽ
Цеؿ̫ҽ֪ܴǶ֪ԭ˦˦ӣӾүʳ
յõƻͨѿŽеıӰǰϡֳʱʦϰֵĻ档
ʦ
ݵ³̾˿㻹ϳˡ
ӻͳһɰСƿӣһˮĨһѣʱ΢ı仯
һһƤϣճֳݵ±ò
ζӳ£һָܣʦ뿪ʱ򣬷ݵ±ǸүʳˣҶԲϡ
ûС
ƿĿ⣬ôȥˣݵ²࣬ߵʱͷںڵģѲȫˣƤƵĶ˺üĺۼ΢һͷ졣
ܻϣңܸˡ
𣿡ݵ°˰֣Ц֮ǰΧʱ˵Ҫͨң
ЦˣôԽ󣬷ʱˣһͯ
ǻ֪˵ġ
ݵץ豭һ͵һģһֵܣһ쵽Щ׽Ūͷӣ
Цݣͷݵ棺ʦ֮䣬
ݵҲЦĹ˵׹ֻ֮£Ҫ鷳ˡ
׷ʣʦ˵鷳
˵ЩˣݵڿһطϵزŸϵˣ˸ҹ
ʦ
ݵҵĻǲǣ˻˵
޷ֻܷԸ
ݵʱȤȢ治㣡
Ű佥ĶӣЦµʦ˵ò
ڶ죬תѣǰһƣȫʧȡ֮һɣÿؽڶŻ
ˣѲŸݵ˵껰ڰ䱳˸ͷûоĶ
ӣûУ˵ôˣҼǵҺѪˣ֪𣿿ɱǵİ
ѳĬ£زﲻԾҸòᡭ˾֢ɣ
ûУϹ룬ͷֻĹ׹֮
׻ֻǣֻǣֻǣ
ôƮƮ˵⼸ֵģ
ʵϸֻΪģҲĹ׹֮ܶ񶾣ǳŰģԲɾͱƽ⡣
Ѫ̫ҽ޲ߣʦʩֹס
ǰ䣬پС
ʦ˭룬֪ǸͨĹ׹֮ʦɽˣ
ţ֣һҪȥϣڼҺúϢ
һƿӣʦˣҲȥһôãѣ
ѵ㲻ˣʦʽˡ
ϵ˦ͷʦʽʦ£ȥȥҵ£ҾʦŻϣȥһµġ
ĻҲȥˡ
ݵͤȲ裬峿ĺ룬Ⱦһ㳯ϼɫ
ʦѴŰ仺ǰ䡣
ݵƵá
һæסݵµĸ첲ʦǸѵĳˣɷˡ
ݵ¡ٺ١ЦָŰͷϵӵǿʯͷİɡ
ԴҶƬʯͷǹʱฮ
оô˵֪ԼǴԽˡ
ݵʲôҲ˵ֻЦѵʦ׼ãǾһ
ãݵµͷȥطߣҵ˵
Ϊǵؿ۰䣬ӻ֣û£߰ɡ
ȸԶԶģݵ²ŵþò
΢΢ףá
ݵЩձŬöѾ˵Ļˡ
ǡ
ģݵ¼üŪ۵Ҳ˵ȥġ
˿ȻʵĹʩ׹֮й𣿡
ݵ촽⶯£ĵǸϲˣʲôȥ
վѵ¶͵˴еĴ飬ļԺ֪ˡ

 53 

ڣݵֻĿ񣬸ĵʦ˵ʲô
ݵǰ󵹿ˮ˵ȲҲһ쵽ָʹܹˣԺͷӣҪ룬ǮԸȥ
ѿЦãݵ¾ֻҪ뿪ڣ׶춼Ҳֵĵط
ʦ
ˣҲĺ˵
ݵñŸѣ¶дšҪ˵ֻա
鷿⣬ԶɽţѳߣСŹȥүû˵Ҫѽǡ
ת۷ݵ£ͷͨһ˵Ҵ˸֡
ԶɽЦŵү̫ˣһ仰£˵ʲôͷͷλǡ
ѸֵȽȥ˻ϣϾ֪ˡ
ǣԶɽӦūͲˡ
ͷ֮У춯۵ëʣѣǡ
Զɽ֪ǼҪ˵һЩ˽ܵĻС̫ȫкߣغվ棬κ˽ȥ
͵վ۾գһ£ˣʹ࣬òҲǰûκ֮Ҳϳ
ʦ
ǰ̫ʱһһҾ
ݵ³ϵ˫ۣҡҡͷϣǾ֮ʡ
Ϻһʦﾴ⣬᲻ʣ
˵꣬ٴγݵҾݵ޷ֻˣһ˲䣬·صǰʱϺ;үףÿμؾص񣬶Ҳö˶͸ӵͬȣʡ˲ġ
ʦ˴ɽĪǷʲô£Ͼʱδ׹֮ʱͷݵԼǱҪǰ
ҪԵİգҲҪԵԼʦеİ취
ԣЩԷݵ¶˼Ҳδһͷ
ݵµɫѿ࣬ϣϷˮǲǽҪһЩ
ɨۣʦ˵ûԤУӦòˮ
ݵƶ겻ˮһһµߡ
ݵ¾ͨ㣬ȵ۶Ųɣˡ
鷿նȻأϱһ˿ϣʵʦԣȻŵģֻ޿ܣʦȴϹڽţˣ
ݵñʹǻҲˣʱףҲôܲҶӱҶܲ
ǣʦϢŭʦϢŭ귽ݵŽ̵߽ǵĳĿְһʹ
ݵɫصվظ·Ѫ£ӦѾ˵˰ɡ
ϵͷ׼۾ͽЩҩȥǾˡ
ݵµ̾ʲôҩˡ
˻
ģбŷ̬֮䲻ҲǱ
Ĺ׹֮
ʲôһ˸죬豭ĸӶˣ˻֣ǼֱҴ
ݵ¿ѣүҲ˵¶ˣ˵
ǲкֻǼƻеһӡĹ׹֮меģҲֵģɵ˺ԽС˺ΧԽСԽ׽У֮Խѣʱ˺ȱһɡ
е׹֮ѵһ֡
ݵ¿ǣ˵һĻɵ˺һ
һɫԣȴѾصĲ豭Сıһ£һ̾ء
ԶɽСܵſڣϣ
£ԶԶģҪ
ޱ飬˫һԲϺͷݵ¶֪Ѿ˷ŭıԵ
һңϵ¶޴ĥʹհҵβôðӣ
Ϊʲô̧ͷΪʲôѡ
ݵ飬͵ǹһֶص㷨Ϊˣ֪ķ˶
ǰ̽̽ӣʦƽİ취
Уݵ´۾ǺѣҪôĹǱҪôǰɱɡ
УվҲͬ⡣
ݵֱ˵ѡ
*
Ѻͷݵ»صھ֡
˵հظ·ѪҶϴһѲƷѪѣ˵ʲôҪðȥ
һ˸ƽ˵ǽȥģܱƽ
Ӧǵĺ⣬һ̧㿴Զĸѣվ˵ػ֣
һЦѾͺʲôնˣݵ·鷿˵ĻҲֻһĵΡ
ǡƬҶ䵽ͷϣ߹ȥ
˺ȻˣǾüƤ񶼿ˡ
ĸ㡣
ϹĵѪ̫ҽ˵ʲôûУ
ѺͰһۣ̫ҽ˵ˣʲôëҩһ¾ͺá
Ŷ϶ᣬӦñ壬ȻԺһʱٺڶˡ
ͷİɣү˹ã᲻ϧأȻسüë
ǳߵģѵǻطɡ
һסӣȵȣֱֱ̧ضѣңĹµ׹ƣǲǣص飿
˳ưס֣ƭֲòƭ˼룬ʹһЩСϷ
ң仺գ۾֪ǻҿı飬Ҿ֪ˡ
䡪ڻúðοΣܵκ˺뾡ǧټƣ˺һë
ѿĻ㲻˵Լȥʡ
ת汼ȥȥ׷ȴٳûŲŲ֪ѰĶȫϣҲҵҪĴ𰸡
ݵԺҡӳԺſڣһˡ
һ·Сܹ͸ҰɣĹµ׹ƾʲô
ݵ°ѵŵĲ豭˸ת˴뱭裺£˵
£ݵ¾˵˾Ļǰ䣬ͷβǰ䡣
㻹Сʱﱧ빬棬ʱ;үһԻϲԩңұ㣬˭֪һ㣬ŵȥ˰
ȻʦһֱʴӱȴӲѴõͷȥ챧Ĺйص鿴һ־ͽеĹ
ֹֻҪȫʹƵȥΪӵȫʣԴﵽЧ
۾˸ԣĹΪˡ˴
ݵ»գգۣҷ㼴ʹǸȫʵʱһĹҲᷢ㣬̳Ļ͵ĵط˸ϡ
ô˵ռ˱˵ıˣǱһֱռҵλã
ǣݵ´ͷҲԭңҲΪ
鸴ӣ˵ȫû뷨ǾԲܵģվڷݵµϣҲͬ¡
ôѻԭİ䣬ǲҲԭ򡣡
ݵ¿ûǱǺúһԽͯŮȴɢȿȡ
Ȳ˵ˣҧ´ϵϵңôĹµ׹ƿƽİ취
һиʦܣݵͻȻʲңʤ㣬ʦ˵˼
Ц£ȷʵ˼ȻҲᵱĹĹʦΪŰ
ʱĹʦӣгһû뵽ͷȻʦֵܵĹϵ
ҹҺȾƣҺԺ׳ҵĻ֮һţҲӰ
ټʱҳ˻Ϻ;үʦȴĹĹʦ
Ĭˣѹ֣Ѹ˵ʦȾơԭΪǷݵµˣССһû뵽ԭ򣬲ûйʡ

 54 

ϣ
ķңԲͷʲô
Զɽĵλ治ʱ򣬵ͷϣ˵¹ؾү;ūһҪ취û
һҪ˵¸йأæ
һ£ϣŽվǷѣ±澸ү;ү֡
ԭΪ֪ҪӺǣȴֻֻʱģŶǰΣ
ǿ˸ͷ·ԴڵҵһЩģϣˡ죬ү;İ֣尡
һݣһɨ°ڵḶ́ƻӹһأһǡҵǵСָϣزϣԱѧ֤ԣʵ
Ƿݵ´ʱδɽΪڲн˲ţƱػĻշݵѾ˵ˣѺͰעԵôǽյĵżȻˣǡ˭ָʹ
һɺԣ֮ǰʺѾԺ˿ˣôû˵;үİ壿
ʿˮޱߵ亹ϣʻʺԺλԱ鿴ģȥ𷣣ΪֻʺĻģȻʵˣ
ʵʺû˿һһض԰䣬κⷽйصϢͻʺȻԸ
ϿķӦȻף۵ǰǣ˵ү;壬ƽİ취
˿˵Ļ⡭δǸ΢һʱ䣬ܽ
ϲӣ˰üģɹ۲ǵķӦãޱʱ䣬ȥɡ
Ǵʼնûʱظлϡ
һߣ̽ԶɽԸǸϼأĶʲôȥϡִȥʲôطͳͳҪ֪
һԶɽƤͣʱ϶û뵽Ȼˡ
ǣūȥ֪ͨĴˡ
ǻصͷ󺹣ǰš
ô
ǵϣһȸɲϵȲ裺ӻѾˡ
ǳĵȷʵе͡
ǰ·ȣҿѧϽλãȻңԴӻ׹ƣԺٺ»˰룬йԱǰµĴҲˣһﵽֵǮãԽԽѹˡ
ǰװΣǲԶֻŶƿͼֵǧ⻹˵ѹ
ֻǲѹθĽ鱦ˡ
Ƕ˶ָ̧̧°͵պҪǳɹˣɱĹס
Ȼ⹧άΪǺĵ˼Ӻ͹ʦպҵѳɣΪ˰һλá
ʵϣȻҪͽȴҲƲͽ֮ˣϡ
Ҳ֪ǲֻ֪Цһû˵
*
ԶɽϣĴ˽ˡ
ϸֱǰʦľѪһ
Զɽ˳ȥһͨĻӰƵû֮ھ࿴ת۾ǵĳࡣ
ϣ°ķԸǸҹأڷЩԾ
ÿնͬһİ⸮ݷãȴֻȥĲģǾͷ֣ÿİӽ⸮ʱһʱ⸮ĹܼҾͻŲɹգ⸮ܼߺԺֳһܼҡ
˸٣ּۣٹܼһߣˣߵḶ̌
תΪʵʣ̴ֱֱ˼Ӳǽڣǣİ
Ĵ˹ֵ¡
̧̧֣ҪݾߣǣʲôԾĸϽޡ
ǣ
ڣ͸ǧϻҡΣͷĴΪǳſһƬ俿ڸѼͷ᲻ص̾˿
ѵͣĺϣĵȶ͸ͷôˣ
任˸ƣ°ͳڸѵļϣǶȿԿԽĲ˵ҵĽʲôأ
ͷĲǾӣԵøӼȡ
ѿ£ģһжġ
ԶָܼʹʰɻʱװΣиûǺãӷ϶ܳһС
ۿЩȣʮҵʱ䣬ȴϲϵĻЦ͸ѸոսΪ޵ʺ棬·Ѿϱӵˡ
ס۾ͳ̫󣬻ۣǻǻطȥɡ
촽˶á
ǻطãݳôүлá
лȻлѿ˿䣬ǲ꣬Ȼؿڣȥɡ
ͷ£һ
鷿˿辰һֱǸϣԴӳԺ޲ܹʱʱ̺̿ͰճһѾܾû˵ˡ
лƲƲ죬Ҳǣ»˾ɰ
˵ţ辰ͷ˼ƬݻƵҶӡ
ʲô
ѵڱлת˫ֵûʲôǺľ顣
ѳۣԶ㡣
ããлȣĵɵҲһƵģ˶ϣ£ˮɹ˵ˡ
ѳĬʾ˵ȥ
ԣû취𣿡
ѵЩòϵš
ǡǡ
л֪˵ЩʲôˣԭΪǻϲԩңǿԧ죬Ÿոճף˾ͱòð
ʱãѻûҸͷӽѵһ٣ֱǺõòٺõĺˡ
ĹǱߡ
ѿ⣬ԱĹʹΪɣӸ˲ٻ˰ҹء
л̾ҲֻܿЩʲôЩͲö֪ˡ
û˵Ĭʵ
ˣлȣʦʵ㸮סŵİɣҵȥݷðݷá
ҽݳȥѵ
㡭лֹðɡ
лߺ󣬸ϣƣȻ˫ִβࡣ
Ƭ̾ĬԺ󣬸ܵҳһ̴ľӣСɣһƬ
Сĵش򿪣ټһӣһ޲Цȴֻ˼š
ȫ𿪹һ⣬ͳֽ
¥ðдţҲǴǸʱʼ԰
ʮϧּȻпѡĻԸصǸʱֻҪһֱġǾͺá
ʱȫûаĽ֮⣬֮ûйϵ

 55 

һ˾ǵϿգ֮ľ׺ʹؼһƬģꡣ
ϣϷݸˮŰѳٶദ̰ӣʧҲˮ
֮һƬüͷǸݸΣ
ҳ㣬ֻǽַģǿգվǱˮн
ɿǾͿˡ֣ⲦԺ飬˳
С꣬СΪɡϳݲ⣬Ƕһ󣬸˵ͶϷ
ѳһѺɫɡڰ
ͷһ紵ѵøеЩ䣺ү
ԴӰͰԺ󣬼࣬ټլֻԺסˣԭΪϰ˾ͺãȴʱƣÿ顣
ôûҰɣ
αװúܺãúܺã̫ҽ̲ҩţµúܲ
Ǿͺá𳯵Ͽ˿ȻȥƵͷ
ڹٳϾ̫թѧԼʵ뷨ϣȴǸȫȫ֣ѿ뷨
лҹǰЩһ̳ɻӣƣ飬ɷСһ
üĿչչҽվ߶ˡ
ɻȫţ㣬Сش󣬿ȥˡ
һʳһι㣬һ̱ϣˡ
ʮֲ죺ˣү𣿡
ǣү˵ռ࣬ƺ˼㣬˸ͷȾơ
°ͣĳôпչ˼Ǹѻ˰ɡ
룬仹Ƿʳϴֽϵعȥˡ
ͷһ븵˵£ƩļҾ¥ζϷ԰ŵϷаƵɡ
ɼ֣Щ⣬Ա˵ʱ˳Ķ䣬Ҳ֪ˡ
ѼƵƵ⿴ȥһʱˣ
ţʱ޲úúһˣ̲סôңүҲ߯ûЩ
ĵУ۸ѵүдЩϸ֦ĩڣԲԣ
ǣҲҺԵˣ֡
ˣҲٶ˵ʲô˼СҪȥһ֣ô˵ʡ
͸Ѷһۣû˵ʲô
Էʱ򣬰ʶˣ˵ȷʵûдƺΪŴӦġ
һ䳯ûᵽͷһʵľϴѪ£ʹͨ˵ʣԭѵҪϡ
ֻŵءŶžһֱͣظвˣҲ֪ϲʲôֻҪеģһΡ
ǸѿȥˣͣظƣŰѰ
Ҳãôһڣǰշ죬׵ĺӣ̿
ʱͷ˾ͻүСˣ㳣ฮҲ˵ʲô
ѻԱߣĵһ̳϶᲻úȵľܻѵʧ̬ӣҲֵˡ
䰲ǣһ᳣ȥģȻȥѾ
ǿңǿ
ǣ֪ǿȥ·㰡
˺󣬰ֵѵãҴûԭҵҲҡ
Լ֣һͬߣֻǱȽϹĹ¡
˵öԣǡô󣬡ŵػ˸ȦСָҴ磬Ҷ㻹ңֻռô
ѱЦˣŵ԰뵽ǣ֪ȥˡⲻҳô󣬶ˣ
øЩЦЦ˵
Ҫһģȴû˯ţſڸؿڣǻ
˵ˮ֣Ϊ𣿡
СɵĶĶ׹͵ģΪ㣬ЩˣֻǱˡ
伸ŵ̾˵ô˵ʱǻһ뵽ˮ֮УϼҴʳ;Ķµûš
кüΣμЩںˮеݹᾣֻʣǼܵ˫֣
˵ģӦûüɣ
Ѵǡ
ǰݵ¾ͿʼԼԺˮɹҲˣʱ򣬰֪ˮԭǷݵµͽܡ
ʦͽÿ춼ĵ˽ȥʳҲˮɹԼȡ
׷ݵӻ׹Ʒʱ䣬Ҳֻӻˡ
̧ͷ°ͣϰЩһҧȥôô磿
£̫æˣˣ
á˵ʲôҪʲô˹߽Žи¡
λεĵƬһֶҪΪøѵ˵̣Ƕ಻á
ѱ۾ٳûж֪ڹʲôϰ󣺡䲻øе£ģ뷨ͺá
εҿʼˣ
Ѻ£á
ȰѸѵ°մʪȻͿ˲㣬㿪ʼϸϸһһعΡ
ʵҲԣ˵ȥ̫䲻òϣһɫС磬øֶص.С
.Уû˻ע⵽Ͼƽ˵Ҳ˭°ͼûɾ
ﶫ룬Ķȴû˶˰֣ԼĪȥһӣʪӸѲɾš֮ٲһ
ˡ
Ĩһѣá
дšȻȴޡ
סע̽УΪ˽䣬ǳȥδΣ
俴۴⣬Ҷϣડȥ̫ʰɣ
ȥҲУѸţճȥڴůһƣЩʳһȥʣҲһֱС
£ȷʵܲͬá
δҪȥ⣬Ϊ죬ǵ˲࣬ɽǵȴ˺ܳһΣƿӿ˿д󲿷ɡҲû򣬴żԵ۾Ҳġ
һǵװ磬ؤǡѡ
ٿʲôѴչԴͬһĻͬʱĬˡ
Ҳȥˣͷ飬ǻȥɣҲȥˡ
ļ򣺡ãǲȥˡ
һҸոսǵˣŮ˳Ψһһɡﱧ˸С¿ˮĴҶĵط˵ûбúܶ࣬£ɱ˴ͨһ¡
ˣ͵ԵİɣǴϱѶѾûԷˣȥҲУ۵ĻҶܸɣֻҪźһڳԵģ
ӣҪϣֹȵȣ
ѻеĲ򿪣ĵķ˵ζŵֵֽʮȥݸ
˸млˣлˣ
ˣҲӿɴһһɷʳѾվߣɡ
һĺܿûˣûõ¶ʧı飬Щ۰Ͱ͵ؿű̻ʣ۴
䲻̵ؿһУѰɡЩ߰ɡ

 56 

ǵϢ⼸յˮ࣬Щط˷ļ󡣡һһӦð
һںȸɱеľƣǸȷǰ˵ģ
ȷ϶ˣ׾ͱסˡ
Ŀ˼˻˵⼸վҲˣ
һֱĬȻ£һ˿
ӣ΢΢ҡҡͷǣ˵ջڳſʩʳ
̧ʾҪ˵ȥ֪ˡ
ʵؿվ۾ɨÿһ䣺ʦֳɽˣ⼸ˮ٣Ĺ͡
ǹʦǡ
ھȥϲ޵⣬Ҳ֪һͽ޹
ʦ̧ͷ۾ֱؿӦ֪ƵΪĥѡ
ӣˣⶼΪǵĴҵ
ʵִҵӦ
һݣʲô˼ЩɶǱµ⣬ѵ㸸ʵĻ𣿡
ҧز˵ĸʾһɽС˵ѹǵģûдǵĹҽǶôҸ
ʹΪĹĹܵκ˵ӣ
Ĺ˵·ϣһУƺ˹켣
ӣôλӣ¶ѡѵ㲻µ𣿵ǵļƻʵ֣ʱĹǴ󹦳ٹ¶ᾴǽ̳дͳĲѡ
ȭͷͷȥٿʦҳȥһ£
С׷ңҲЩܣʦĲ𣿡
ʲôص£ϣӻ̫̫棬ӹλλòǲǧ˵ʬȥģ֮ʶռݸλ
ȣӵԸ񣬼ɹصĹλҲضᱻӸȥ
־Զֹڴˣס
֪ˡ
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ȵ۾߸ױһ˵Ҳ֪ôһͿܼҽ˿һһ׵ţϣҲ֪Ҫȥʲôط
϶׹в룺ȥʡ
ǡ
ʱˣܼ˵ˣүԸģȥſʩЩˡ
Щۣ򵥻˸üëЦŵߣҲȥ
ǵȵʱڵӣܲס
˰û£ܵסߡ
ҪǵֱЩǱѾ׼ýǻҪ׼ȴϾȻкڳſʩ࣡
۵˫ֽӹ룬ھͰȵøɸɾʣµһſżŽ
лŮлŮ
ʲôŮֵ˸˵ǾŮ
ںŮ˲ͱǺȻ
˲ˣô˵أѵ˼䲻˼ôģģҲһһĺã˵ʱǾүڹϵ˱أ
ŮæϵҡҲ˼Ϊÿһۣû뵽
˿࣬ˮӲɣԭЩǣϣǵǡ
ӵ˳ſھһֱʩûͣǵҪЪһЪ
ЦЦҲۣȥԱɡ
ϣᶨҡҡͷִŰ䡣
һһˣͬһţףӳˣ˲۾˿ǾȻǽϺͰ
ӽˣ˹ȥ㣬ôˣ
ϰز˲ϵĺң˵ฮ˿ڳſʩ࣬ҺҲƾ٣һˡ
촽һߣͷ߽ϣ£ΪôʧѲ˸ϵ
һЦһŽһŰ㣬ǵ
һܿ͹ȥ׶ˣ䰴˰͵ұۣȻϤӰ
ˡѸޱߵͷһߵĽϺͰ׵ĸ㡣
˴򣬲ҡͷȥˣۻˣүȥɡ
Ҳԣǵûȥ裬ⷦͱˣҺھͺá
˵ۣסĸ˵öԣ໹û꣬۵εˡ
˵ͷȴ͵͵
ѺƿͷЦŴԴ
ȻĴ㲢ܵʵ֡
·ϣĿǳߣ·ǡһʯͷûע⵽ֱӴ˹ȥص͵һ漴
Ѻܿע⵽ôˣ
üëһţоֻεֶסʺܵ
̰ƽһһµ˳ظ
ݵһֱſѱŰǰ㵽ֿ쵽ʱ䣬һֱţǿ쵽ȥ
ϴһݵȡ룬մɫҩˮ˫á
ѷ´ʦ
ݵ³̾˿죬졣
ۺػعͷ̫ҽԺ׼ҩˣȣ֮ǰĺˮֻǸˣСϷѡ
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̧֣ͷԴδйļᶨŮǧܣֻһˣ
ϰȥԼɣʱԺҲҪӦˡ
һֱ˸ѵĴ񣬶˿̣ȴϸոյǻʱߵݴ񣺡ܣлϣ
ϰڰ֣ȥ׼ɡ
ʱԺһ־ֱֵ̤һ˸ߵĻҳ˷׷ָ㣬浽ļҷ˴¡
үܼҴҴææ߽־Χ˵Ҫ׽
֪ˣ鵭Ȼǽɡ
ʱ־ͳүҵȷ֮׽þүи㡣
ǰ辰Լһ֧Ҫ֦ѾҶǽˣǸз㣿
лү˵ţͳ̴֣ʼѰ
ѷһƽ£ӸǱΣ
үҵܣվǳһһֱӸĻȥԺѾȥ¥Уֻ¡
ͳ˶٣мϧֻ£ϵԾ

 57 

ԺԼιҩûãȫԴˡ
Ƶ۾һŮӾϲ
䱻սĹεۻŮӵòɳƵˮɡ
ˮɴǼˮɫ·ӯڷȥһ࣬Լ¶ȣȻҨһףȳԵ㶫ӣлӵɽбԺϵûôġ
㱣ϣ
ܿˣҲǣΣô׽Ǹѡ
һѹѺγ°հҵΪˡ
ˮɼ״Žڴ߰ο㲻þǰˣԼұ˵ǣѵҪֱֵ̫Ǯ
֮ǰˮڲһѣǡ÷һѼֱضˮһܹȥ󣺡ɵ£ʦ;үѾ취ˣҪˣŬǶ׷ˣ
һûʳڴأ泯£ûоôոջصŴʱöô֣ô̶̰꣬ȴ⸱⾰
˵ˣҪôҪôĹãǻŹû𣿡
ˮ̾˿毺õǼᶨ㲻ĹǱߣʦ취
µĹҪһʵˣҪĹлѪÿ¹һѪھӵĹѪģֻӡ
ӵļУһкˣѵ֪֪治֪ģϻè
ˮɷ·𿴴Щʲô˵һ븴Ĺǵˣʦ˵Ǳʺʦڲƭˡ
֧ӣҵӸѱΧ˽ȥҲ
ˮɷʵΪǳ𣿡
׽ֱӳ˽ȥûˡ
ҿĶ
ǷͷסھƫƧĿջӺʦһ׳ˮɵүлϵİ٣㣬ЩӣԼչ˺á
䴹ĽëճһƬΣҶԲ
ˮɰִϣүܰ㣬лӸðôķ㣬ʦҲһֱ˵˵©죬ҲʦһӶҲ㡣
俴Ϊˮս˫֣̬ûеصĵزɵ£ǵϢ𣿡
£졣
ˮɵʲô
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ˮɶ˶촽ջû˵ĻȥлӵݸϢ
ڣлѰ˵Ļԭԭ˸ѣѱۣ֮޹ʹȥıԺ
лǰһڿץһ£㡭Ҫʲô
תˣһ˶Ҳûκˡ
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ˡ
*
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д˽ѣżȻĹıѾá
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ٿģŮദĵεΣȴط֣ϴȥȾƣȻûжٺͰһ˵Цļ䡣
ԭף㲻ְŮϸԼ˶ôֲ䡣
ฮһͷ鷿һͬȥĻฮĹܼҡ
ڹЪϢһܿӥ۾Ҽſ˵ˣоͷȥɢϢ
ܼҴ˫ֵүҪɢʲôϢ
ˮģߺ˾ĹݺʹĹ˳صն񣡡
ܼһ𣬲ڵأ࡭ү
ү˵ʲô
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˵վ־Χˣò׵Ȱ˿ʸûϵȻɱĵĻ
ץˤϣ˭ˣҳȥ
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ôˣҴҵظϹ
ȥϢ
Ҳߣ˦ֱۣץס֪Ҫɱã
һ⾿ôһ¶ôôɱأ
֪δִôҪ鿪Цл᲻ʲô᣿
üŭĿãţϷ֣иոշֵߣżȻΪñĹ׹֮ò˵øòɱ
ǲǲˣô˵أ
ŭ͸˵òɱ
಻ԣǿð
֮ʣ̨ͳȥҰеϣϣôرҵģ
ϣֱֱسǰ˼ϣҧгݵصŰ𣬡ļϣÿζͶҷǳСҪػؼϢ
ЦҴˡҴˡҾȻţôѪ˻˼Լ׹⣡
˵ʲôԴصش£ֲܿƵ𣬺ݺݸ˽һƣ

æȥֹѽϴӰֵϳһƬհס
ոաЩʲô
ۣۿˮ𣬽Ҳʶ㣬㲻ңʲôģ
һ仰Ҳ˵Űȥʰฮסȥˣһ뵽ҵ˾ԼŮ뷽跨ɱҾ;ĺ
˵˳ȥֹؿ۰׷Žϳȥˡ
ܼվڽΨΨŵŵү
бһۣʲôȥҽ£
ܼұȰɸոյ˭ˣ˶һƣ˵ССĹܼҡ
Բס˾˲ϵ亹˽ʰƬӦǡ˳ȥ

 58 

Ͽ޿ػ˷һһʰ׷˽ȥ㵱Ҫ𣿡
һĨߣȻҪߣҵŮҪ˺ฮѾݲˣ
Ǻαأү˲˵Ļȥָ֪Լˡ
裬̲ס޳㵱ҲүлϣаգǺйңйҵĺӣ
򿪷εĺӣǵʱ͸¼Ķžһϣڴϻǰ֡
ǰ׺̽ɣĽöĽøҲмխڱ˵гϢˣָԺôƲŪһС檻ͬ
ʱҲ£ҹҹεҪ˻顣
ү¶⣬𲻽ȢҲྴҲδϻ¥ȢС檡
˶˸ӣֻ֪Ͱ̫֮ĸңǰĻ٣ҲйǵͷֻԷһ䡰㲻ȥ
Լķ˵ĸȴֻõһ䡰Ҳ̫֪ˡ
Ӵˣе˼˵ҲʣеںϣŬฮάűķ⡣
񣬰붼ˡ
ųĸףٰ㲻ζ
ϻعҪס죬Ǵฮߣ
֪ĸôһߣȻžͬ׺ʱˣץŽϵ֣˽
¶ѿЦݣҵĺúӣȥʰȻ˽ңȥҾүõ
صͷתˡ
ܼҽĶ©ˣ죬ǵ˶֪ˡ
Щ޼ҿɹϢĴΪ𾪣ֲþȻ𽵹ڳſʩ࣬ԭ飡Ҫǵļô֣ܺĵգ
˲ԼͬӿſڣҪǽһ
ͬʱҶĹĳӴﵽ壬Ӹȥ¥գſòҶ
үʱʱܹĳ֣ݳѾҥԴųȥġ
ѱ۾÷֣ĺݵģֵȷø˸֡
˵вݳǰԭΪñϴļޣû뵽Զֹڴˡ
˵׷˺һܣѴŴӻص˽ҡ
ţ֪ˡǽ⣬ֻҪƽƽͺãǵһֱǱ𣿡
ǣݳ׵лӺˮɹԶأֻһֱʦһ𣬲׳
ѳš
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ĿڴϣڲԶĳϺȲ衣
Ϊ˱˶ĿסĿջܲãëëݣҲȫǴҶζӸȥԶ
ĳķҵվҳȥߡ
ȵȣסӣǹؼʱ̣ǾʹȽϺá
һۣҾͳȥ䣬ѵôܷң
Ȱӡ
ˣ̧֣зִ磬Ͳٶˣȥȥͻ
ľš֨ѽһʧŷɸֵҡҡͷתͷԸҸ
ֱǡ
Ŀĵȥ˲·ֱͨǺ«͸Сģ̯ǰͣסĵԴ˾ǣճڸĹûúķ⡣
ΪǾǣѴ黹û̫ܵӰ죬˶ЩıСǸʲôʲôֽڿ죬ؽߺȣƵĿܻһ˿Ϣ
Ȼ͵һͷĴ£ȴûκοɵˡ
ǣжףڸ
еϻż̫꣬Щֱ
̯ذżںãô¡
ר˶ĵطߣؼȺ֮ķ϶Ȼתһû˵Сӡ
Сӹսڶ࣬ߵһ·ʱһҡһɽˮȣЦЦӣʱ
һݣתߣ˭֪سһˮɫ·ŮӣŮַųһö롣
Ӧ˲档
ҩ
һͷʧҲ˹ȥ
վסò״ȺϹĵҺüʱȻӾҪˣ
ˮƮƮֲۣźۼַųһö룬ףЦһһܴĶûС
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л£޿κεҡҡͷ
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ܣǽϷݲƵŮӣ䵶ճˮΡ
ˮβҲɣ
ϻ˵Ҳ˲ѵ࣬˷£һһ񣡡
ˮɴ˴򣬺޾ѽҺúѽ
תͷллӣߣ͵
л׶Ҳĵһûɣ
ȻҲգ˵֮ʱ㹥˹ˮһӭһߵվҵ鷳
аɣлһ߱һˣСģȻȥˣ
Ҳһ٣Ҫȥ׷ˮɲ֪ĶóҲĶ
һһƾɵСｻ¾ɵĵݺŻҳлܳһξ룬Կ浶ӵ
ӣǶţлӽȥһ棺ߣ
ҩЧȥֻ˵죬Դһκ۾ȴԼ˫ֱں棬Ҳ
ӣˣһϵͷ
۾ߵǣ
ݵǰ£ʦ֣ݵ¡
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ĻкģĹӣǸҲ⣿
ĶҰлñߵˣĸĴģΪɣҲҲΪɣˣ
лָָѵҲɣ
͵ؿӱǺ˵䣡
ݵµִļ򣺡ӡԵ޼ȡ
ΪһУΪĹȡ޴λ𣿡
Ųӵ̰ᣬѹեڹȡǮƣֻڷ
ݵθЩǵķǲдյʬ壬Ҫĸ߶𣿣
ͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬳ɵСգ
лЦȻΪʲô˵ʲô㣿㲻˵˵ȫ˹Ĺʦô˵ģ
촽ţʦ˵Ժ󣬱ǴʱʱĹܰսʤ֮вȴϣǩԼ
ݵ̾ӣ㱻ƭˣ
ĹҪ߹صİ̽ôܵòһϢʱգǹҲûپӣʱսļ󡣡
ǵͼôаղζӸϣĨɱһҵĴڡ
һƬ
ݵƭݵһƭ
˶˵ֻôսʧٵİ취棬Ǵû˵е˶
ݵµĶͷۼӣ֪š
лƳһԲ㲻
͵ؿѪ˿ʵ㡭Ҳƭң
ᶯ˶ӡ
δʧعҪ˵ǲƭң
϶ǹʦҲҲҪ˵ʵ˵̫ҲΪǰӣ
ҴС͸ʦ˵ֻҪ³ɣĹܱȵģȱ°Ժ󣬱ض̳дͳ
˵ʲôѾȥˣؿǽϣ˫Ŀ
Ƕƭߵˣ⣬ȫߣһʵԼĿĵĹߣ˵ÿһ仰ڰǴܡѵεıǩ

 59 

ڴϣڶѸдţӣѾдԽԽ˳ˣ·˵ĻƵģдҳֽ
Ҳ֪ʵΪ˿οѸ˵ͿˣҪǡ
ؿڣڵǵǣǺ£ټһˡ
ˮ֨ѽһƿţʵ㿴ûУ
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ǿЦ£ڶˡ
ˮץסļޱʱѾ㹻ˣϣһжġ
ҹײײصջϽϵϣôģЩûк㣬أ
Ҳˣ˵ȴֻȳѪ
Ҳ֪ŮΪʲô书˸ǿֿ׼ÿһǳҪĵطȥ꣬δ֣Ȼ·磡
񵭵ؿҲӳģ۾Ѿɱˡ
Ҳʱɴ۾һصȱ˿ڵĲ룬ѵһֲڵĲ䵽ϣ롣
Ĵ´ȣŭɶȴϲӣЩʵڿɶ񣬼ǧУҲͷ֮ޣһҪ׷Źǣ
ЦȻ
ȥˣҪǰٱǧ壬ǻŭʦûİ취ôλͷ֮ޣ
ҲܵظоԾûüֹȴѰж˳ҲͲˡ
ӣڰµ׹֮Զֹڴˡ
ɵĺʹĽϣһ˲
һ˿⣺˻棿
Ȼ
صϣսĲӣŭ˵ðԭ㣬㣬ɭؿҲ˶ƭҡ
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͵ص䵽ȵףԽ֮ǰڵģΪ¹ʶĵꡣ

 60 

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ˮƬ̣ʵʦʲô
ݵ·ʹѸߣɽý·Ҳܹ;ӣүǶЩʱ䲻ˡ
˵꣬ݵ±ƿŽȥָһƬյأ㿪ʼһӹܵ󷨡
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ѰĻݵҲдʣʱСһռ侹˷磬Ƿֻ΢΢˵ӣԽԽ󣬵ȱ첲ȵӵӡડصơ
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˵һӵļĭҷɣ˵Ҳ״Ԫƾʲôƾʲô
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˵նС֮ͽҽԸǾǶԲȵۣԲϣ

೹ױŭ˫־·۹âĴ󵶣ȥѪ籡һſŭĿͷ­䵹ء
ڵأЦӮˣӮˡ

 61 

ˣ²˷ˣฮļҶŰŵܵò׼ϣɥүүˣ
ҷˣܿҾͲǵķˡ
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Ѿ۵۾ˣȴܸܵʪĴǣȻģģ䣬Ұ㡭

 62 

ʱղչЦգÿĸŮһȥǳʲôҲһԭԵԽͻҲɹЩ
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