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1 
ܲȥ𣿡ѿŻᴲŵĺҶʡ
ȥҴҪȥ򹤡Ҷһ䡣
ȥͼˡѸҶ˸кͱˡ
ҶǲԾ˿ЦʮʱĸΪɥͱ׵ĵܵˣȻ֪һƬģҲԵĸоĵ⣬οﻹиСõܡ
ҶǸʱоһ˲䳤ˣ˼µĳζ
ȻһٱʾṩҶѧҶ֪ıԹǸҿʼûͣ
ڿϴѧҶѧѣѧȫɺҶȥҽ̣ڲ˲ˡϴӣʦԹ
ܣҶѰ˼ǶڣѭڣȥҰݷһ¡ȴ˵ڳӲˣ֪ܣһҲ飬ТҲ֪ܵҵ֮ĻܺҶЩ˶Է磬ʼһĸ
ҶᴲûվȾ͸ܵһͷΣ򹤵ʱҲʱܵͷʹ
˶ѣθвϮű׼ȥȵˮˮˮǰ棬ȴͻȻԽԽģϵıҲڴשϱ÷顣ܵͱĵܽӴ
ͬѧѣ㻹𣿡ԶƺʵѯҶʶҲԶȥ
˵״Ѫѣ֮ǰǷʲô֢״һİ
⡭סѧУҲˡ
𣿡ƺ
Ҫ۲죬ȻǺֹۣҪ־Ҷ²Ǹҽ
ҽȾһҪû£ȻԺôԸɩӡѾ˿ǻ
ֲˣһֱסԺǲǻܶǮ㿴ܸܵвҲҪǮ
ʱˣ㻹Ϲ˵ʲôʱ
ƺ˵˺ܶ໰ֻǺҶˣֻˡ죬ƺһȫڵĵطûһ⣬ֻܸܵĴڡĴţȴʲôҲ
ֱ㣡㣡ۺͻȻҲõܵ
˵˶ٱˣúϢһŮ
˵Ƿ纮˯һͺˣⶼһһҹûѡҾ˵㵱ӦøǸ̳ŵģҿӹҽ
ҿǺþûˣƤǲǣҪѵѵ㲻
˲ˣ̣ʹ˲С˹Һߡ
ҶԻŬ̧صƤȴǵɫӣľͷǵĴϱӵĲʣƺҲճõĲϣǶӰʸСܵ˺ʹ˳죬Ҫˮȴ˻Ƶɤ
ϣҵĴС㰡ˡǸи̵˰ѺҶ
˭ҶĻԲ긾Ůʵ
㣬㲻ʶˣԱߴŻɫ꿴Ųʮ꼶˵ܺڼﰡ
ǺҶ
˵ǵȻҽ㰡ſŸ̡Ҿ˵ǸӹҽɣУҪȥ˵žҪ塣
վסһ£վԭأһβסǲǣ
ǰҪȥĶ䣬ŵһӴܵ˺Ҷߣ㣬㣬
ҶԸ˵ˣܵҲǵҡա
Ӹ̺ͺĻУҶ֪ҵһʷϲֹĳĵط׶ǡ
Ҷʮ꣬ܵС꣬ʮ͡
ͺĸ׾ǵһ¥¥ĳʦΪ¥ʮַæΪĸºʱݺȥ˸չ˽ǼȻ㲻ʲôԣͥȴԴ
̼Ҷǽ˴˺ȥҩ
Ҷֻû뵽гһҲᵽԽֻᷢڻӰӾȴϡǶԵǸûŻͬͬյĺҶϡֻǿϧûɹѧ
дԽѡҶһԥѡĸûһ죬һܱǳƫƫ˴ԽϷ롣
ûãƺȥһ˵Ѿްˣֻʱ農ֿһҩúȥץﲻ鲻Ըشнӹӣߡһܳȥˡ
ҹҶڼڵĸ׺μ䣬һؼң͵꺮ů´γҪഩ㣬̰
Ҷ׵Ĺģ֪ۿ׻֪ŮѾˣʶһִĺҶ
μ俴ŮۿʱҲ񣬡ϳ𣿡ҶҡҡͷʹԲ¡
ǵ컹ʣ˵ˣȥȡ˵ͷ
ûãμͶһСӽˣǻð࣬׺Ųٵ㹽ĩС
ҶӰവһȵ˳źͻȻСѧյʱƤ࣬ʪۿ
úϢžСμ仰ͳˣǲ¥Ҳ̫æˣ˶ŮչˣŮ䵽һʧ³
ҶƵذʢȵһɶȥ˳ʳϴˣǸߵſھ˸̣һѶе룬ȥš
ڸ̵Ŀע£ҶֻһһŲصߣŸ뿪ĽŲŵߴһС죬ʿɢ
ʮµķ磬Ю⣬ֱҶꡣҶڴҲûסãǻصůıѡ·ͭǰһӵúôһҲһֻǲƺһöҶ״̥ǡ
ǰҹ仰⣬ῪЦ˵㴩Ŵʲô
ѵĴ𰸷Ҳǧٹ֣˵ҪȥѧṦģ˵Ҫϰģ˵ʲôүʼ̸ҪǸʱ򣬺ҶȻ˵ǵȥȴһԲļͥ
ԹŴ̫ûֻû磬ʵҲûرȥա
Ҳ֪ܲ˳ӦĻƽʱʲôʱģҶ߰飬ҩЧˣֳؽ硣
峿о˺ҶۿľͷĴϵƬʶҵ
ֻҹǸΣСѧʱ򣬸ĸȥ԰棬ӹɽһֱ浽Ħ֣ÿ϶ĵЦ⡣һȴǷ˾Ƶ걬ըΪ̰ڻ԰ĸȴڷûӳƴ޺ҲûãֻŨ̴ӽƮ
Ҷ۽ǻۣһ±˵ŷƺѾʹˡ
ʱ̷شŵķ϶м˽½Ž
ö˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ʳѾ׼ˣһһ㣬ܶˡ
̴ӹó˺Ҷ·˵ȥ׼׼ҶǷϵ·оһᣬǿ˸šͷɢں档
ûãֽˣ·ˣʲôأ߰ɡͷȱˡ
Ҷŷ·ûд


2 
ҲࡣҶ̤ţܵܺ仰
ʵǺöμ˵
ҲࡣﻹڱԹ
㲻ȶȣԵúòӡμ˵žҪѺǰŲߡ
֪ƫĽ㡣һ䣬Ҷ˷ţ㣬ˣ´ˣ㲡ǲǺˣ
õĲˡҶش
Ǿͺá￪ĵֱӺ
Ҷʵ˿ǵİɫѾԭ״Ǻͺһ𣬺ҶӰУϸʱڿ
Ҷ뵽ǰȥݵʱ򣬺ȵˮʵʵڸʵ˲١
μ俴һ˫ŮҶ˹ĺ࣬ٿһȥĨĨ˵ܲҪһ롣μ俴ŶӵӲ̾˿ڳԷĸȥһ롣
ԹʳμͼҴҵ¥ˣǰҶúϢúúö飬ҪȥŽ㡣
ҶſӵĹ죬һ䷿ĸ˸һ䣬мǿ˵ǿҲͷŷͼӡμ䶼СƣֻҶŵױ̨﷿ŵ̨Ժӽ䣬õݼ򵥵˸ʦļȻһؽѣŲٽˡ֮ʳ
˵ԭԷǰӰᵽԺͶ춼ѡڡ
Ҷ̶ԺҶʧƺֻ֪ʱһ˲漴ָǴСһ֮ͨ󣬽ʵ
ҶȻûЩʲôȴǼ۰ŮڹӡУŴ˶ŮһϰϮִᶼªסںμȴƺ
ҶӺе֪ҵȻŮٵƶȣŮӵȨӵͣŮҲûдŲŲĴͳŮ䲻ɻ䣬ҲҪܵӣ˿ʵ
ûãͱ̸ϻطϰΣ˵ٽأ˽ӵҲżˣҲڼ顣
ҶҲ֪ӦڹŴδʱ䣬ŵǰһӾ磬Ӱһţһ͹ȥˡ
ҪˣҶԭҪһȥŴļʲôģȴһ侲˻ȥ
ҶΣֻܻط俴ﶼЩʲôױ̨ۣ֬ױ̨Сﻹûһⷭ˷޷ЩӼ˵İ¡
ȻûаҹҪ黭ͨһЩͳİá
¹ҲвȹװȴɫΪԭĺҶӦҲǰͷˡ
𣿡Ҷƺ⴫ʻ
ҶտŴȥͿСһ嵽ſڣ˭
ܵܣǸ㡣
㣬ĸ㣬Ǹҽ˲ܴĸ㣿
仰Ҷʶѵʱ򣬺˵̵֣ƺԭĺҶǺһͻŻż÷纮
񣬻쿪šҶź˵
õذŴһ㣬ƺҲ⣬ҶһõɫİȹŶ÷Ҷȵع֣纮ɺˣҲãûע⣬·ˮϣ綼ܴ˰ɡ
Ҷ⻰ƺҶȾʵǸ̵Ĵֻ⣬ȴѹȫԼٽϺﲻԸ̬ȣĸ̿ҶǱϿѺá
Ѿûˣ˵ֻҪͺˡҶ뷴ʧ飬Ӧûûдȥ˳ˮ۽˻ͷ
ȥ㷿˵˵强վ滹ġ̱˵ű߰ѺҶơ
ͼҲûˣܻ˷䣬ѷصء顱һ
İŪˡǴһɤӡ
Ǽҵòܡڴ˺
ܵףֻǹںˣ¡Ҷ˵ſ׻ҪԲ
δҪֲϱġ
ҶҲһ㶣漴ЦЦͻС
˺Ҷ䣬ҶʶһʳУȴʳмڲԣҶǴҪȥɹʲôûʡ
˼ҳ̵˲٣Ҷί̼̽˼ңμã¥ĶźμϵҸȥġ
СŮҵĻ⣬޷ǾЩױƷ߽еʱУ··ҶִͶЩȱȱΪ·ҪʶΪÿʵõ·ֻһЩҪϴҲһҲ˼ΣҪ˷ǸǮ
Ǹ̿˺ҶĲɣҪǣǰҶϵĻδĻǵĻҸպҪδͳʳҪҰһˡ
Ҷ˿Ҳ֪˭˵Լȥ
δҲǣ֪㲡Ҳ㡣
Ҷƺø̻лκĺҶҲ˼̼ҶķӦŲĵˡ
̸̤ţʹӷ˳㣬ָ˵Щʲô
ûʲôǴ֮ġδ˭
һͰı鿴źҶ㣬Ķˣδ綼ˡ
ǵı𣿡Ҷ׷ʡ
ı磬סβ׼ƾٵλδ磬ÿÿδһ˿͵㷹˹ȥǻȥǶѧʡ
Ҷδʲôˣôûȥ
ûȥ˵㣬û˵ģ
Ӧ˵Щʲô
ӦΧδ磬Ȼδ糤δ̣δ˵Цģδȥ˭ֲʶֻ֣֪ôҽʩ浱ԼǵĴˡ
Ҷ̵̬ȣ֪ǰԭĺҶУλϵġһºܴʾǸΪ˳Ϊ֮ҶҲ֪˵ĻأǰѵֵعԣԵһ档
ССô˵ģɶԴ񡣡Ҷװ˵
һΪ㱧ƽֱ׳
Ҳô˵㣬ôҲĳɳԲѷ֪˼̸Ī˷ǡ
֪֪㣬ٽѵˣѧ÷ˡ
㻹ȥ飬ָ̻ôˡ
ҶֻܰЧȴغáһ̵֣Ҳ˷ܵǰͿʼҡͷԵض
Ҷذţͽһվ˼ﱾѪԵϵͺ׽
ûã̻һҶ˵üͷ˲š˸֣˵Ҫæȥıȴ뷨ƺҶ˵ڱߣȴƺֲ˼˵
̣ʲô㲻ֱ˵
ǸҸ˵˺ܶˣṈֵ̀룬Ȼÿθ˵㶼ģ˵⻰ҲΪҲΪá̾˿
̣ģ֪ˡ
仰ǵǵؿ˺ҶһۣҲ֪ǼģȥˡſʼȥˣҶҪȥæȴ̸ֱϻ˷䡣


3 
һüգҶһȥϹ䣬ַš
Ҷֻܴڷһһ飬ͼǲҳһϢȴ޹
Ҫȥ﷿ǲʲôʷ飬ҲЩ徭֮Ľѧ顣
ҶҲӦһû˷æĴֻһոһյɢԸסܵܺ͸̵Ĺģܵ˲ů
ҶԸʵֵ죬ΪϼͻȻ˵ӵزżæҪ·̶һ̣ҹظϡ
֪̲ڼҵĺμ䣬ŮЩͭ壬ȥС̯Ͻм£Ҳụչˣæ¥
ǸвסԸ֪׳źװģѧһʱźҶܣҶǰ¸½̵
ϵǴ˷Ľߺ
һʵ߲ˣղŵժġ
ûˣʵ㡣
⣬ʵģݵģӦоС
ҶҲϡ棬ʽ̷аŵ̯ģҲйһӵģЩ̯⽵ġֻʱ㣬˵ҲЩˣˡ
ճ緹ҲûθٳģֻǻһȦźҶȥһ̵֡ϸ̵ָ۴αȣϵꡢµһӦȫִҵнֵǰ
·ܵһУҵϼܵ鼮ζط˼ҳͶźҶ㣬Ȿ
Ҷ˿ݣһЩ£еҶź꼶꼶ӦҲûôصĿҵѹ˿۸͵ͷӦʡҶҲһҵʷ飬оһ¡
˷˲ʱ䣬˳˼ҽֱߵ̯ӣͰ档ըýƵĴԴζʳָ󶯡
ԱٶȽȫ룬ֱûԱ
Ҷԭٽһ棬ȴ˵ȥ¥ȻԲ¥ķˣſҲвСԺ۽֮ĳʳҶܵԣϾԣĴСԶûкϤ
¥¥¥Ƴ³µıµһɫĽ۵ӿ˵
Ҳҵ˭ģŵĽһɫӷƵ˵
ҲǣǸƢĲУ⵹һѺֻ֣ǿ˾¥ĻơпЦЦ
¥´һ֣֪пԲŹֻᣬһƿ絹ڣƺ¥ִ
Ҷź¥ſڣ¥ʮɣ¥ߣſڿȥеĴá
Ҷעȫ¥ϣעһԵǺ«ˡ
㣬Ǻ«ɽ髿źóԣҶˮˣ㡣
Ҷ˿ŵһǺ«ŵɫӨ͸ɽ髿ſʺ챥Ҷӵ˵ɰǮǾֻһ
׼Ǻ«¿ڣӾ¥˸ɫӣʵʵײ˺ϣҲûϵһ⣬Ǻ«žડһ˵ϣǸɫһƨڵϷޡ
ȻҶһߣҲһͷһЩȷʵҲͻһЩš
ϧؼǺ«Ƥճ˲ٵĳԭϰǲͨһ»һһת۵ʱ䣬ղŻϰѾӰ
ǸɫӣǸġҵĺӣϺ˵ģϵƺҪ˳Ϻõɫ֯УڵϷޡ
¥ϵĹпľһĻ
ӴҵСүôϿޣ϶డҪǱ֪Ҫѵˡһֵ˼ææ˳ؿ˺Ҷһۣ۸ˡ
ǸСһָźҶܿ޵øˡ
¥ϵĹпϳ¥³ֵСүݣӴⲻǶСˡ
¥Ƴһۣһ۾ͿǸСӾǵ󽫾ıӣȫ¶ļϵĺӣССͣ˰衣
пһ⻰ˣ㲻ڶ˵衣
ٵġƷ
¥µ־绹ڼǸǹٻ¼ҵūͣͨҲָʹ˼֣ǳײҼүΪβǸ
⽫ҵļͲ֪ΪļأǺҶпĻǸ˵εĻ
ΪҪǸүԼײġ
˵Ҽү˵ѡֲʾ
ǿʶүײΪβǸﲻ
ǿ֤ˣû֤ˣǵĴֲġ
ǷҪĪеͷˣҶֺͺֻڶȦӣǰһʡ
ǵûУֻҼүô˵ˣǿ⡭ּΪѡ
ҶЦЦǸ״ڼٿ޵СӣСƿ޵øˣø˵ˣС͸ҺΪ
źҶвСӿ޵øˣһ⶯ǲвǼүƶȡ֣ҾҪȥˡ
Ը빷ϻҶվֱ˵
㣡㣡ðû˵һ仰
Ҷ漴ֶСӶ˵˾ʲôʱͣס˿һشӵվźҶܾһԲסתܻ˾¥
ֿ˿ҶöˣСһת˽ȥĿл¶һ˿񶾡
ʱμҲ˵öھ¥ſִҴҵظϹˡ
μ¿˿Ůû°ɣû˰ɣ
ûû£㶼ˡûûε˵ֻǿǺ«ܳˡ
μһںͷϣԳԳԣ֪ԣҲԣ¥Ĺܵ𣿡
﷢
²ֵܵܡҶμŭ䲻ؿ˶һȥˡ
Ҷʱ̧ͷһۣúͽƺ͹п̽۹ԸţҲûæźμ뿪
ѾͷҲġп˵Ҳܲ˭һֻ֣ǸʦŮе˼Ҳ֪ǸС˵˵ʲô
ĻȥʣӦȥˡĿһڲ衣
ˣˣôʱϷ˶ˣԲ˳ԲˡпһƬ
޷ǸСߡ˵
ʲôпʡ
ƿŹпĲˣܳԵ˽ζˣûʲô
ںμȥ·ϣʺҶ㣬ղŶǸС˵ʲô
ҲûʲôǸֵ˾֪Ļ﷣ˣҲһ¶Բ⡣
㣬ҲУô뵽ģ
Ϲµģû뵽áҶ֮ǰڲ͹ݴ򹤣СѵܣҳʱҲܲסʱ곤СǣʱвһֱΪвСֵøףʱͦá
һղǸСӣڼﱻ軵ģֻа־ŲŻ£ҿϻֵգͣƽʱҲⲻ
㣬ԺҶ֮Ա


4 
Ҷͺźμ¥ĺĿŨصҶĿִ㷨Լһٶƽס
˷ֹȷв˵ġ˵ģһæµˡ
ϺΣˡһԵںͺμк
ҲпҶͺȵʺģϺΣӹŮôˣСﳤԽԽˣСҶҲǳԽÿˣˡ
Сﰡѧͽͦ𣿼̳֡
ҲŲҪδҪ塣ܺ˵úᣬǱμˣͷ־һºͷ
Ҫ䱿ġ
ҲûָжϢμǰߡ
ʲôƲңﹾš
μ쵽Ժ˶ھľͰϴ룬μ塣
æμǸ˵תͷ˵,ҪܣæӣͰͻȥٻ˵꣬ת˳
ҶǸϴ꣬Ϳƺ
Ȼסģܵſڣ͵͵ղˣһûȥϴ졣
С˵¥ѧͽѧͽȻǴĵϴ빤ѧ
Ҷ̾ȻŴûδ˱ֶССͱҪͶҲûдıĸ֣ȥŮб֮ģһֻϣΧ˶ƽƽܹ˳˳عһӡ
ҲԼԼиоԭǸִƺҲزȥˣ֮֮
ںҶ˼ļ϶ںСĽ̸У¥ѧͽĹ˼Ȥ
˵вҲҪﲻ⡣
ǵȻˣٲ˶ҪеþȲźÿСһ飬۾һ˲٣˽ɶˣõˮǾˮˮȪˮжӦļӦʱˡУС
Сੲݵ˵ͷ鷳ôҿɼǲס
úȤҵǳΪĳʦ
֪ҵͦģжʡ
ǿ¥Ƶڶû˸ҳƵһٴٹ˶ǰþԤԼΪ˳һĲˡ
Ҷ֪ԭμ¥ĵλôߣ
ʱ˵ʹ͡СͻȻѹ˵
Ҷ⵹ǣȻͰͨʦôܹȥ˽ӣŮڼҲЩõĻƣ˸չˡ
߰ɣμӳΧСúŬ
ϣ塣
μöͻؼ˵ӸҶϴܵٳȥԵ㣬ֻͣص¥
μջص¥Сүȥ
֪ĳν£ǽĲ˲θڡμ俪ѯʡ
ʦû飬㲻öǣСӣµ˻ϵʹͣ˵Ƿ֮ֻǲ֪ʦǷзӡпȿڡ
ƵССһӣСһ̵Ļɫ壬滹ɫҶӡ
вܣ˵һˮĳӶ޲ߣ鷳ʦ˵
ˮҲǵһμɷоգ֪ͨӺ͹˹ӡμ俴һ𳤵ι״˵
ȻһԺʦΪʦ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳Ҳմ˽ӵĹ⡣μЦЦ˵
-
˿ʵ߲˿⴫˽
Ҷ벻յԣҲʡǮš
̷Ű峵Ÿ߹һŽһǰߡ
ȵȣҶס̷
̷ų˼λʲôҪ𣿡
Ҷ˿峵ϵĶѡһˣ˼˿ϣһСϸ͵ĺ̷֤Сǿ϶´ˣúҶۡ
߲˵̨ϣҶ˻мÿ˿ϳˣٿԽͶԸһһ죬һҪȥؽﶼЩʲôˡ
Ҷʱȴؼ⣬ļĸӣҲ˵õú¯òʵһĪչ
ҶǾȻ̲ڣӦûǻġҶŽȥ̼յúͮͮģҶҲǿͦģȻͻһ̼ж
ֺǰһȦˣ˯㣬ëʻУֽοһ̲ī
ĺļ磬һѹ˲ǣ̰ûʶõˣﻹдʵš֮Ҳ
װˡҶش
㣡ﺰһ
ȱѧˣҿô𡣡
һѧϰܵñ˭죬㣬ģϡ
ܳȥ̨϶һЩĲˣŽɵʣ㣬ģ𣿿ôصģ
˾֪ˡſڵİ峵ֻ߲ˣͶԸһٰɡ
Ҫǻǳȥ԰ɡ
ˣ˷ˡҶ˵
Ҷҳ壬˿ȥƤϴȥɢ
Ȼ˻𣬵ƽʱӦò£ͱ紵Ϩֻһһٵȼݡ
ò׵ȼˣֲ󣬺߼Ӳ𣬱ȲͣţѬᶼ˳Ҳһӡӡ
̫ˣƽʱûþͺˣȿȡ㣬Բʺ㡣߲߶ԺҶ˵
ŻˣҶĺŵ˲ȿ漴ڹеͣú΢Զһ㣬һ;Ϳʼɽͣطԭ𽥱СҶҲ͹⡣
ʢװ̵ˣҶúϽ˵Ȼ͸ˡٵذ˿ϳҲ˳һСΪ׺
濴ô￴˿ϳ̾
ҶȴûǺĿ佱ڵʪ˵֦ѺӲ֧˼ȦһԤڹ˺Ҷбŵӡ
һˣҪȥãҶֹˣ̣
˲źóԡ
ҶǲҪı̳ˮֿҽڲȥ˽ӣһǰʱ˵Ľ㣬һ
㣬ҿҲ࣬ҳȸδȥҲʡ˵˸˳ȥ
ҶҲסֻܶһСصź
䣬һתۺͿʼɢˣҶһƤڵĺض԰¶ȻɫоɢϢ
˺ƤҶһڣ̷û˵СɣڸŴˮּӹȣִӺɢڶ
һȦҶѾһ㣬ôҡ
˭סܳȥġҶ˵
δ˶˵㡣˵߿ʼһźһſڼˣ㣬˿ϳҲóԡŲ֧֧˵㣬Ҳúóԣһ㶼ࡣ
ԡҶѲѡ
㣬ҳԣҲԡҲѲҶš
˷ƵسһˣһĸŰݡŽ࣬Ը˵Ҫȥϴ롣
ԭҶҸľţϾҲҹˮϴȷʵ̫ˡȴ˵ӺӦΪ㺮
ҶǲģȥĺѹŪһƬǽ塣
û뵽ȴֻȹȥš


5 
˭ˡҶ˵һ䣬ȥš
һ򿪣Ҷˣһһ룬ϻϴŷ׵ľ·ڸǲסһŨص
˭һϴһʡ
δ硣ҶǸ룬ӦǺ͸λϡ
һͼæ˹δ磬ôˣ
롣
δ磬㻹ص´ûҲһҶźĻش𣬾úǲǺ͸ʱ̫ãҲֿ׵Ŀ
˵֮ǰˣڿɺˣλҲ֪ǴӺﻹǸϢ
ˡҶԥǲӦȻҾ͸ľ׮Ƶǰ
ڴ˽Ų˻ûȴ˹Сôˣ
壬룬첻ǿ˺͹
ĿһݡμЦЦ֪ûһݡ
ģǽ㿾ģ㻹˲˸ҳԡҫ˵Ȼеķݣȥá
Ŷμ䵹ǿ˺Ҷһۣ¶һɫ
ҶϽԲⲻŸôģѧһԡҶܲ˵ڲ򹤿ı졣
μƺԺҶղ²⣬ҲֻһʣעתݷõλϣСΣãö࣬ûд
ע⵽μӣҶһ۾ϳװǲܣֻǿ˵ķӦƺˮİ
ʲôܳԵ𣿿źù졣Ϊĺʱ¶ɣһü⡣
Ƚ˵ģСҲһ
һ⻰̨ߵҲϴˣ͵źμĲܣ۰Ͱ͵ظ˷䡣
һݣμͰǸӷϣʹȥŲҸǶоҶμ˵
ǽүϵĽùģ˵ʥϴģǲܴ
˴ԵǸ竹ӡλ˵
ҿ洫ҲҿҲ̸Ҳзִ磬ɼ˵ĻҲȫšμά
Ҷ֪Ϊھ¥¥ˣˣӦҲûôɺϡ
͹Ĵ̣Դɵ˵ܳ𣿲ƭ˵İɡ
˵ˮСΣ𣿡μ佫ĿͶλϡ
⡭Ҳδˮпλ¶Ϊѡ
ҲʹͣпҲ¶ɫ
ȥеζﻹΧǸڲͣоʱʱһ¡
Ҷԥ»ǳѯʣǽӵҪʲô
˵ҿôͰһ£ѵⶫ˲ɣμ俴źҶԥӣзӣ
ⲤܣʵҲ򵥣ֻҪ⿴ƼӲƤɾɫĹԿʳãֻǻɬ֮УҪˮһʱ䷽ʳáҶʳ÷渵
ֶʲôζμ׷ʡ
ڸСҶش
֪ιǴӺε֪ˮ֪ʶ֪ĳ
λϵúҶһ£Ӳ˵ִʱÿˮ̯϶Уܾͬܵ䷭һϣر𣬾Ͷ࿴һۣû뵽վáҶǿЦŷܹȥ
ǿɻǵ
ǵˣһҶֻϽҹȥڵıȻǺܺÿ
ȻѾԽҲˣҾ͸ˡ
עĲϣμ˵Ҫߣæ˵Ҫλһûֵסμ飬Ҳֻ͵ſڡ
ҿ⺢治δгϢҪ˭޸治μص˵ؿһۺҶ
Ҷֻװ֪û뵽;ҪڹŴ߻飬ڵҪĿҪҵ취Ͼôһֱæµѧϰ׬Ǯ⣬˵ҪҲǲС
μһղ˶ʱʲôŮ֮Ժ󣬡ģзˡ
ͳķٰѲܼӽȥԼӵܲඹ֮ġ
ǽ㣬⵰ỹܺó𣿡
Ҳ˿ζˣҲǿǷζɡ
μ˼˻ҿԣҿǶҲ˽⣬ôˣӦҲ
Ϊ˺ÿֱӰţһΪѹõС飬ڳٰѳõķʢؿҲۡ
ƺСҸԼʱ䣬¥һԡ
Ҷʾǲһȥ¥ſܲܰæμΪһնϲòѣˬӦ
һҲҪȥȴμؾܾˣֻ˵һҪǸ̻ûеڸȥӣ˵Ըȥδ̿ҵ
-
μ¥Сȥ
ƻظ˵֮󣬻ͬпһǰȥ¥ҲŹһգμܹоš
֮ڣ̴ϼҸ˻ûúһֱźҶ
ҶҲ֮ڣ˴ʷ飬ż򵥵˽ҵĹɡ
ҵҲǽʮһҵ֮ǲűΪǡʮǰΪʱĻʵۻ޶ȡӹܣ㱻ܵڷֵӵأƹ
ǰĻʵ֪дگλĻʵֻۣܵһݴǰʵڻʹĳһҲд˵ʵѱ¶ƣһӡ
һ£˻ֽңʱһ·ӷֵɱǣҡ
һλǵة֮ԶԭΪʥϵſͣڵгıߣһڳ˵ڶϳԲ˳ĴλĿŤתǲҷ
˽˵ڵۣһһλұۣڴҲˮλĹϵҲ˵硣˵òģҲ˵ġ
Ժ󣬳úؽ˴ѪٹԱѡϻ磬һˣҲӦļӹٽƿҲֹ֮ͣ¾ٰ죬Ϊ͢ѡµ˲š
Ҷ߿ⱾִCPķ˿ԲĶԹˣдЩݵ˲ȥдҲԵÿϧˡ
ҶҲ֪޷ҲִİСһݣϾһڶʢʱڣĿʷʷҲд֮
ֻϴȥ¥С˵¥ǵʥϵĶ½ģҲ˵¥ʱ䲢㳤Ҳʮʱ䡣
ҶҲ֪⼸μ便һԾΪֿȵĳʦģ֮ǰ⣬¥ǽǣֻڵĳʦкμʦ˵Ǿֲμ
ֱ˵μΪʥżȻһε΢ã˵ںμյĲԵ˵껹Ƿʱڷϵζ
ǣһʮʮٵشˣ˶ΪʥϿеζݷúμ䡣ſʼԤϯҲΪ˹ס
һɢүҲΪ¥һȳΪǵ̸ʡ
׺μĺҶֻðһ뷨ڹŴЧӦҲһá


6 
һζμ䰴ԼܷգźҶǰ¥
ǰ¥·ϣμȴźҶȥһ˼УȻÿ¥ÿרŵ̷ͻμ仹ϰԼʳġ
ϵһμˣ׷׸кϺΣˡʿɡμͷһ·ĬĬǰ
Ҷ˻ֻһܷڵһܹK⣬˵μ˵Ҫʳıš
μһпչKȻҲǺν빾Kںһ𣬵Ҷô˵ѡúҶԼʲôҪʳģһ¥Ｔɡ
ȥ¥¥ϣҶʺμ䣬⽭ƾʲôˣֻλ˵竹ӣҲһŲ֪
μ˵˵⽭ֽܵĳӣܱҲǺҶϿǼеĹ⣬бȨʵȨľǿ򣬵γнһְ
ʱͱΪͯòѣǲٹŮ˼ĽĶ󡣴ʱʫԣʱܲ˵ضܽӹеְλ
ֻͽƿʼֺУύʿҲֻ֪ȥ¥˵飬Ҳ¥ĳͣʱһһ죬˵ǼҷӽгϢ
Ҷýƺеӡ֤ˡСʱˣδؼѡһ˵ֻⱳǲʲô飬Ҳ
μ仹ڼ˵ƴȻˣӴô֣洫Ե˲Ҳȣ¥СõҲѺãʱҲܣûʲôɻ䣬μ䶼͸¶ԽƵ
пǱ֮ӣ˵һ𳤴󣬹ϵֵܻס
ںμ߶߶Žƺ͹пǰʷʱ򣬺μѾźҶ¥ĺš̷Ѿʼ½½յҪĸʽ½
Ŵյ¥ѾʼΪһӪҵ׼
μ俴ŴææڻǶ죬Ҳûб䣬֪Ҫôʳġ
ҶҲûж룬Ҫμ䴦ܵģ˸룬ʳε˽ȥ˸ʹڻ
μŲ˵϶ǸܷȻôµ˵ô𣿡
ҪɡҶźμԥӣÿһ㡣
ãôС
͸˵ģҶӲһΪС
μȻһ£˵еĵط֭ܵˮﵽϣɫĹ¶ĿҲɼϢҲ
μ佫ܰպҶ콲п飬ⶼŽˮнݣ׼һΪˮһܳٷһָҶеĲܹK⡣
׼ҪĲ֮󣬺μͿʼϵı˹̡ҶKҪǰ׼ѽҲûֳɵƿװֻ֭
Ҷ׼˵ȥзѣͱμֹˣ𶯣ʲôСȥ
һһֱСһμ˵֣ͳ˹㣬ʲôҪģ͸˵Ҷġ
ҪѽȰѷȥƤȻ࡭Ҷŷѽ
㣬ϡС˵žȥˮ׶һǳɡ
ͼڳıһϯ֮صĺҶȴһԷŴһʱҲû飬ȥԺתת
ȴһĨϤõɫӰҶӣôҲ⣬Ҹ궹ȥġǸ̡
е顣Ҷǡ
ʲô黹ܸ˵𣿡
͡е顣ҶڨЦ
ôһ˰ɣһȥȥӹ䡣̹źҶҪϡ
˵ʦѾоòǸˣô죡пľ̾Զش
һ̷ſ˹źҶ֣Ѹٵͷ·ͷһֺߵЦݡ
Ӱһǵ̾õǰ˹ӣӡȫȻղż뿪ӡ
Ҷһ۾ϳ˾ھ¥ֵˣпƺҲͬϳ˺Ҷ㡭ǲǾǸ
˹ӡӣǰν£̳˵Ĺп
пʶǰվһˣе£λǡ
Ṇ̀ϴμģ˹Ҳ
ǣˡ
ƺҲ֪пֻڷĿʼջ۽ںҶϡ
Ҹǽһ£ҵĺýúҶְѺҶ
Ҷ˲ʵ̽Ŀ⣬ǿŸ̸ղŵӸ˸Ҫҳ̫ˣҵҪҡ˵ƿ̹ŵ֣תߡ
ǸҲһпڸǡ
˴Ӹ߹ͽһԭغ޺޵Ť˵ƽջ¥ԷΪһýƵӢˣصػͶ
֮ǰΪżҲĴε¥ܣֻûû뵽ˣȴҲûϡ
Ҷصһʱȥ˺μ䣬˽Ӻ͹˹ӣƺˡ
ȥμԱߵĲ˲֣Ҫߡûߵſڣ˾ͺͺμӭײ˸š
ʦƺ͹пμ
Ӻ͹˹ôˣôȥţܵˡ
ֲǵһˣÿϡģҪ˵͵ʦøĳһп˵
㣬ⷬѶˣôŪСûȥעſڵ֣רעϵķѡ
ͱһ󵽱ڻͿˡ
ϡյСȫĵͶ뵽˹֮УһΰѺҶһߡ
ƺ͹пƺͺμҲûйĺѣ˾ֱߵˮĲǰƳѯʣɾǲܣ
ǡμش
ǽͳпʡ
һֱֿӳԣеǳոK⡣
ǾȫƾʦˡпƺкܶʳڣȴشˣĻʻ˶
пԭΪֻһȦȥ䣬û뵽սƾվԭز˵Ǵ㿴ôܡ
μҲȰ˵˴أ絽ȥȡ
пȴûϵƽִţͱƵվţСͺʦ̨ǰæòС
Ҷֻվһָһ˾˵ķÿÿвסҪ֣Ǳμ˻ȥǱСȡ
һ׼ʳĶ඼ȫˣֻʣ͹
͹֮ǰпӲ˵һҪƷһ˿ظУƤӶĥˣŰѽƸȰ˰
ǶˣҶСѹ˵ӿף˹ӿܺ˵ӡи磬һҪѡ˹ӡ
С˭˵Ҫ㵱ˡҶЦЦ̾СǳŲʵʵĻ롣
㣬˵ѽ˵֭ʲô
Ҷ룺û˰ɡҲоһ¡
˵ţͻȻǰЩʽʳ棬ԽܷŵУֻҵЩֻܱпյ
˵ļ϶μѾϺܳ׺ſſඹɫĴ俴ʳָ󶯡
μ͸ݺҶ˵ʼܹK⣬õ۰ըཷһ𷭳벤ܷϰõķѽ˶ʱòͬ졣
˶úһԵСȶ˵˰䣬μƺǻˣٸǼ򵥵سˣСһȥ
пһܳͿʼʼһȻ
˵⾿ôģ⼸ƽʱҲϵһ𣬡пʢһ֧֧أϺƽʱԹʵģҲзζ
пͿŽƻ˹ƷζţҲ̻ʵػѹK


7 
ƺ͹п˽еķһɨգпųԵĳŶӣ̱ϡ
ĽɲغŷĲ衣
ðп̾
̧ۿһ¶ûεĹпӣŮػὫӵƸ޳ˡ
˵øжϡƵġп˽еô˵ʦʲô
ʱС˴˻ʦʣµĲӦôһͺ͹пһǰ
ڵĺμŽǵĻظѺҶͻؼңٻص¥׼ϵĹ
ҶԭԼȥʾʶ·ǺμôҲģСԸ£μҲ׼ֻŻС˵ٽ·ϵĻӺ
ƺ͹пôһλ
Ӻ͹˹ôˣʲô˴ˡ
ʱĳѾղǵһʱ򰲾ʱС˺ͳʦǸ߶Ƚŵ״̬ͣغż˺ͼĲ˵˲ͣسش󣬽ƺ͹пæµĻԵø롣
ûʲôеòܡп˵
ãǾȥɡμ˵
ǽ컹Ƕлʦˣ˵ʱһһᣬп˵˺Ҷĵ⣬ϾĲҲĿ¼Ķۣ۸ͻʦ߿ŰС
ãлλˣǣҪ˳·СŮͻȥμ˵
ʦɻ£µĻǴΪЧͣʦҲæͺιȥҲû£һŲߡпĵر֤
пëԼ꣬˽һۣҲûзԡ
⡭̫ðɡҲ̫鷳λˡμɵؿ˿Ҷ
ʦ㻹Ų𣿡пĴ
Ǿ鷳λˡμ买˵
ι롣пúҶߣ˳תСȻظϡ
Ҷͷ˿μ䣬μ˵ͷҶ׼뿪
Ҷǰ棬ƺ͹пಽظ
ιںδпһҲв
֪Ҷ
λǲҲסǶпͻȻʲô
˹ӿʶδ磬δסβ
ⲻһ쿼ٶп˵
λҲǽμӿƾ٣Ҷʣ˵ֹٻӵ˼Ӧ˳ãҵ
棬ֹܵɣϵڡ
ʼԱĬĬ˵Ľ̸֪ȥ·ϣҪֵĽʱ򣬲̯λѾˣ˵̷Ҳʼ̯
ҶͻȻ˺ϻڼұԹûȥ¥ҶҪһ߽˼
ȥ㶫ҵܵܣ֪ǲǵλʱ䣿
û˵ʲôֻҡҡͷп˵Ҳù䡣
Ҷϴ˻µǮ׼۽ȥҲûҵ۽ӣǵϴڳԱߡ
ʱ򣬳ӵĻܳ˿ſڣô⸽ըζɢ·ϣָðƹˡ
Ҷ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ̷͹ʳըǳȻƵĵӣҶҲǵһοӣƽʱ඼ڴʳƷ̨Եü
ʳģȥӦûȵģ飬Сװֽ˺ҶҶŴڣӺɰǮȴֻǰ˼ͭС
顣ѵÿ˿ڡ
Сӵݸ˽ƣ˳ֽӹ
ӣҰǮ㡣Ҷڴ˳Ĭ
ƿһۣ³֣ء
ҶվۣһûнſڵʱٰǮ
ǰߣȴƵһδ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ˣ׼ؼˣȻҪˡ
ߡָָ
Ҷпһ͵Цֻܸ˺棬ϾûеֶȻҲߴ·ˡ
˵ſڣҶ򽭳ƺ͹пǣҪתţͿſˣ㣬ˣ
￴ŵĶ㣬ʲôҶվˣ˭ô㣬㲻ỹ·˰ɣ㲻ʶ·ôϹܡ
ûûСҲ֪ʺáҶ𱸵
û£û¡ˡп˵
ҶĿʧڣӸ˺źԵͣûаǮƣŻѾԶˣ㲻׷ȥˡֻҲᣬúμһỹ
ƺ͹пߵӿڣƾתص
ʲôȥỹǼͭɡ
λϡϧ³֡
ʲôֻһšпӺŵӣǾŬҪڳıһϯ֮أҲֻѡһǽʿġɡһ޷Ȣޣͨҵƽơ
졣
пȻɻ󣬵뿴ƾʲô̡
βλϼУưѸղŽֱ͸λϣԷȻ΢졣ҲȻˡ
пҲû뵽סĵطƾɣνǼͽıڣֻһӣҲֻһһŴһЩīֽ⣬ճ꣬ٿ
ֻҲ⣬˸Ӿ
λ϶˸ݵĲ裬пһ豭ͨձ趼ƮŷƵĴָӣֻޱغһڣҲУһȣֻʣ¿ɬζ
˵Ǻò⣬˵˵Ե֣Ҳ֮ǰ¥һʫϣЩ绨ѩµҹӵʫײͣλϵʫԶӦεͷȴѹһͷ
ʱп߷߲ƽ˵ҪȥۣȴƼʾ鲻ƾǿͷܽпա
ʱ飬ȴλ˽顣
֪λǰλϽõ˶֪ľ˻Ұݷá
·
⻹صشСǶлλˡ
˵ֿںʦ죿пʡ
ƽʱܺʦշ졣
ʦҲʶ⿴ǵʶҲԵ֡пЦЦ˵
ǽ˵λ죬ȴ˹пһֱͣںλûһ˵ֻһţֻʱʱ˵һ䡣
һпܲεգͽڻ飬λϸǡ
뿪֪пʽƣλϾʲô˼ǲǴǰ£Ժ֧
֪ģԸμӵ֮˵
㻹¥ܣѵڱпԴŭ˵
ֻǲ˱¥óԵ㡣ɿʲô顣
⻰ҪŲţȻȥˣԼɡпȥ


8 
߻ؼУ˿ſڹҵϵġ򸮡֣˽ȥ
վסߵþͱס
ƹ˸Ҿ
ҿû֪ܣ֪¥Ͳ¥ܣһҲ֪飬㻹ûеƾٿӣǲӦȥĲ¥Ͷĳһӡ
ӲֵһԵĽȰϻһĨ΢ɼĵɫ
ƿ˿ϵĸ׺͵ܵܣ˻ͲܹһӲǰˣȸˡ˵뿪á
߻˽ܵġǵУҿҪң֪Ժ֡
ˣˡ
ڽƵļСʱǱΧų󣬡츳ͯȴڶ
ֱͬĸȥ˽£ķɸĸף뽭ƽ󣬱Ҫâ
Ժĸ㲻ýƱ㲻ǰչʾգ鶼ƿʼװһֺеӣֻбĸ첻ʱͿʼ䣬ҹ˾ʱ͵͵
һȺִΪܽƾɵĻһ˵ò׼ǻ˽Ƶǰ̡ȴִؼ֣ΪǴϵĹ⣬ûбκȺƽҪ
ڽʶƵĲŻѾ޷Ϊʱ򣬶ԽƵĸ׵İҲ䵭תȥҹҹС檵ķ䣬ҲΪҲһ
Ƕʱ䣬ƾ̸ܵǰ̸˵㲻ҪҲΪ˼ٹ⡣
ԽܶԣֻĸƷҪֻ˵Ŀ佱зǱ׵ںĲǶǵس
ʥȴƺϲСųĽƣڽܻſ͵ʱ򣬾;Ľơ
ڽƱ˵ƽӹʱҲŽƣʱʱػЩʶϡ
Ҳܵ۵ϲҲŶԽһֻ۱һֻۣ֡
ߵĸ׷ʱڿ³Ļˣָˡ
֪ˡƳһ޵Ц
ҲǺʲôˣŻܡЦ˵ղС˴ĲܣѾˣҲ˸һݹȥԸֲǲ֪Ҫȥ
֪ˣƲĸ׵ģϾСûΪٲġ
ŽƣĶӲ֪ѾƺѾܹΪһһĴˣ̾˵ûɵĻһ㣬Ҳô綮£ǲܹһ㡣
ԼѡԹñˡƷοĸס
ҲǣˣԼӹþˣҲˣŽƳӣԼԺԷˣ԰ɣպó㰮Ŵӡ
Ŵӣƻʱ飬Ǹʱ¥ոս¥Ŵһֱһ콭ܳʱ򣬽Ʊ³ʱ
³֮󣬽ûдӣǺ⣬˵ˣʱƾͿŲϳԷǸʱǽѵ˵ӺΪڸ֮оԿȵĶ
һϣ۽οҲûϲùһϡ
ĸԭ͵͵Եģȴ׷֣ĸҲѵһ˵ĸܶ˹ܼҶſϼӿܣ½͵ȥ
ʲôҲûԣֱڶϲűֶУʱҲֻ֪ûС
Ǹʱƴʹɫ¾ҹˣϾ֪֮󣬽ѵһ٣˵ôԶ˺ġ
Ȼ˴ȴǲܶԵһԹҲûС
ܾ֮󣬽ƲӳǱ˵յĺҲǳյģ׸˵ĻһɶǸʱΪֻҪúþܵõ׵Ľͣȴû뵽Ǹ׵Ļѻ
ֻ֪ͯԺֵӵܺ󣬽Ϊͯ£Ը¥¥ܣһˣҲõǲǻᰤʵҲǶԸһɵķѡ
ŶŴӣƼһӷŵ͸Ŵ֮УζڿС
ʵѾܾûٳԹˣΪֻҪһ˾ͻṴЩĻ䣬ǲĸײ˼ûб¶ӿĿɬ
-
ʱ򣬺ҶУҲΪæȻ죬Ҷʵڷвסȥ̴֡
峴ˡܲЩȫһʹΪʲôû⣬̵һ۾㬵ر졣
ҶҲʶȻҲûиԣٶٶܳĳ̶ȡ
극ĺҶһֱڷⲽźμҪ̸һ̸ȥ¥ѧͽ飬Ųܷ֤һֵ
ȵߴ˯ź͸̷Ϩ𣬻ָһƬڰǵȲμرС
-
һ˺ü죬Ҷҵͺμ˵
μҶҪ󣬳Ĭã֮ǰҾ˵ҲϣŮǰô࣬Ҳǿôɵ飬μ䳤̾һŻ˵ȻܻҸżңչ㣬ȥչ˱ˡ
ֵҶĬһҪ󣬱ʹ֮̽ģǲлܹҲҵڼȥŮ졣
ҶʵҲʶ̫ļˣҵȻ翪ţϾŮӻΪͷ¶ҲѾɻĸŮ
һλ˼һ£Ҳ׺μ⣬ϾԼĹ⣬Ҫ
ҲǺҶһڴԽ󣬴Ľ׵ĴڣǸȱʧ˺ܶĽɫ
֪ˡǺҶԽԺ󣬵һοڽкμ䡰ǰһֱֻǸеĽɫӺμĻܵĹĺںӦҡ
-
μصǸӣӵײóһСľУװһýӴĳ
ʱ¼ڷ׷ǡǵ·ϣɽ﷢ֺҶʱϾʹ
Ƿ޶˵ʱԼʱҲûȵ⺢ӱһʱֵ̣ɽﱻҰ˺ͱˡ
û뵽һξʮȥˣҶͤͤĴһֱԥǲҪߺҶ࣬ȥܵһĸ
֮ʣ˵ٿҲҪѺҶŮҶȥԹĸҲȥ˼Ϊʲôĸ
μ˼ûǽŻУϣδҶܹ޸˼ңƽƽһӾȫԸ


9 
ųϦٽҼһ϶Ƶ㣬Ҳϲĺɫ
Ҷ˵ʱλϵż챻֪ֻΪһΪԴĶ
¥ҲǸĹڳϦһйԱż١μȻʱ˵ϼеҹҲǻصϼȫԲ
ֻ̻ؼ֮ǰҪǰ׼ǰѼдɨûȻһ£һһҶ̳ӺⴢصĵطŲĵ뿪ˡ
Ҷø̻ؼҶ죬ܵҲչ˺ãӦˣƻǧٸġ
-
ҹգμ˸У˲ٵҪըԲȣҪڡ
Ҷʱ򣬾ͿμѾ̨æˣ׼ȥ֡
ӼӣȴӵĵȣμڽһУɣ򵥵黹ġ
أ
ǻ˯ɡ
СҲ֪æ
õܵܶ˯ɣƽʱҲͦ۵ġССԵĺҶô˵μŲˡ
ҶϴżҺźμ˸ѣ˸׷һĵطͿϣٽɢһ̶ȵĵҺף̡졣
ʱϽתõҺ׵ŵҺû̵ʱ򣬽У˳׵ĻȣƤһ۶
ߵıƤ˿Ϸõȷ棬嵽΢΢ƼɷŵһԵϡ
ҶҲǿ棬ĵٶװģˮÿһһģһġ
μĵڴСϸ΢Ĳ죬ҲиеýˣǴӺҶ￴ҲǺ˼
ʱ򣬵Ѿβ׼չˣμ仹æµŰѲˣҶһԵСݩݩĩټӵԲˬĿڸС
۾ߵҶߣ㣬һ
û£ˣȥʲôҪæ𣿡
ﻹûߵμ߾ͱϺ䣬ûʲô£ҡ
Ҷ⻰ЦˣղŻ𱸺ûæֻһƵģڼ
ֻһʣһ߿Ҷݩ㣬˵óԵĶôô鷳
鷳ܾͲóˡ
Ҷõݩݸһ֧֧˵ͦġ
·ĺμһºͷ֪ɻ֪ԡ
㲻ҸɵģܲܲҪϴͷ䱿ġе
ҶͻȻѾܾûиֳֵַܵΧǰҹ꣬Ҫɫǲǻ᲻˵Ǹʱ븸ĸˣҲֻܶڱ͵͵ؿޡѧѵĹϵҲΪһֱ򹤣ֻάűꡣ
ľš֨ѽһƿˡ
μһˣСΰˣ
壬ˣҲûʲôģд˸
ʲôҶӺһȥˡ
ҶһСͰĽˢӴſˢȴſ򹻲ţλȻȻӹеˢӣѶʼ
ֱ𣿡Ŷ˵λʡ
ţˡ
λϺͺҶĺ֮£μҵſҲˡϲӯšΪĶ
ٽŵʱըѾƮɢ˳ÿһԲﲻͣطһҪըɫܱ֤Ҳ͸ˡ
￴źμ̳ѾԱ۲òС΢һһ˵šóԣ
Ǻμ䲻УҪ˺Ĵˡ
ҶλϿһĻһЦ
-
ǣҲŵƽʣΪһҹ׼
Ҳ·һɫԲۣŽߣԵ˼ȸֳȡ
˶ѰλŽܺߵ¡
ôô˶һ𱸵
ƴĿʱ
ʲôʱôùˡ
ˣˣԲЩʲôֲھӪ˼ȻˣǱ㿪ϯϷһڣ˶һſʼҿʼԷ
ʱʱһЩѯӿҵͲ˵һӵҲԵø˼
ԭһ꣬ȴ˵ԷԵ÷˸򷢻ԺҲԺƣȥλΣҲܿŵ̻
ܹǽһ·ߵ¥¥Ъҵû˿ҵ¥ںڰĽֵϣһ޴ʿŲԶĳǽ
ԶţŸҵڶɢ˵ɫ⣬ϲ֪ƮϸСѩ
֪ߵ˺μſڣϴſڶԺеİվſڴģĻЦ
ת뿪ʱŴ汻ˡ
ˣԼ˸ڵСȥűˡ
׼ŵĺﶢſڵĽƿһͻȻ㣡ǲҽؼҵˡ
Ķ˵ĿμһƱ·Ҳûͳˣʱô
·
μֱ˵Ҫͽůůɣ̧ͷ˿ɫ쿴Ҳѩ죬ġ
λҲ֣
ƿλҲһ㶣һ˲˹Ǻμλһ˳ҹ¶˹
ֻкҶ֪ذ·ʵʵųȥɣů͡
ɣɡμӲǰѽ˽
ֻкҶǽ֮󣬻棬ϷܿѩĻᣬʱϺܿƮСѩͻἤɱ¥£һѩͻر˷ܡ
ҶԺ￴ѩƮ·ϣԿε״ڻ·ϱһС̲ˮա
μ͸ſźҶԺ̧ͷѩŮ¶οЦݣǼЦˣҶҲͻǸӡ
ް˵
Եûÿɰ
λϿҶɰ˴һɫϰź÷İȹ˻ڰɫҲĵƤ𪣬Ժ￴ѩתȦȹڷȷʵмֿɰһμʱǸĹ
ϲԾҲӿһɵЦ⡣
ɣ䣬Ⱦ纮ˡμ䵣ĺҶһһβ
ҶشԺӵŸϡ
ϻųԵһĲˣƿ˿ȻͨӦҲƽ˼һ굽ͷͣԲŹϲཷ⣬һ̵ĽӣҲ֪ʲôڵġ
μƵ˸꣬ӣٳԵɣڵģԼˣ㳢
ûסμջ󣬼һպպףҧһڣζζڿײɢ翪ƸҪڿóԣμ˵ѽıûУǿԵġ
ƵͷǣҶҲμһ


10 
μһӾˣӲǴӵؽһ̳Ļƾƣ˵Ҫůůӣ˶һ
Ҳô˵ʹҹꡣμ˵һѱеĻƾȫˡ
ס죬ҲһμһæŸơ
λ¶ɫѧŽƵӣ˱еľƣüͷ壬죬ƺǺϰ߾Ƶζ
ҶҲ֪ľΣֻܱһڣҶȡ
ƹѲҶҲֻһСԿλϵɫѾͨ죬ƺٽ㣬Ƶɫ糣μ仹ڲͣȰ˺Ⱦơ
ˣ˵ڶͷˡ
μһ֣쿪ģѵҺȣͺȸ
ҶȰҲȰֻܿźμ䱧űӺȣȣ
λֻͷϣֻ̧˻ӣ´䵽ࡣ
ҶͱμȰúſˣ磬졣ƵһȻֻյ糺͸¶ȵò١
Ҷ뻹ǾѺμŪط䣬СذѺμеľƱĺμļ磬ϸ˵˯ȥˣطˡ
μ͵һȣֺں㻹ǲ׼ȷȥ
Ҷźμ䵹ڴϣĵظЬӣǺñӣŵعţμҹزˡ
ȵ˺μ䷿ţﻹиȵʡµˣźҲ֪ҰȥˣǲӦðλϰᵽ﷿˴պŹһϡ
ʱȴֽѾ룬綼ϵˣ߰ɡ
ֵҶɻ󣬡ȥģ
ƿ˿λϣȥ˵žҪλϵĸ첲鵽ϡ
Ҷ֪ӦҸһɡϽԼϡ
ƼλϣҶһֱۣȻÿҲǾţһëﻹǸлƸš
Ƕ˽λϰͣŵʱѩ£ڵϣ¹ӳ·ԡ
ҶͽƲСУҼһֵ죬ƺھٱ졣ҶͻȻ˻ﻹǡ
Ҷԥһ£ӻͳֽ˿ǷҶ˿ϵĽƣǽֽݸ˽ƣԷҲԥһ£һ
ζڿڻ
ҶǰʳƷ꿴ʦڲֵϣгɳüεСװǷڹ̨ǡǸʱȥεʱ򣬻صش˼ѣҲ֪ڻ
ллǡƵҶңԶ˼˻
û¡
Ȼ䣬Զ޴죬Ѥõ̻īɫɢųҫ۵Ĺâ
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࡭ƺ˺Ҷĵظʡ
һںӲ֪ĸűڴ˳ӭײ˽ƺͺҶ
㣬ȥűˣһɡﱼǰ档
ԼȥɣעⰲȫҶЦúȥˡ
ܳȥĺܵһ룬룬תͷܻһѶҶ
ҶͷһŮû뵽ʱ̻Ѿϸֳ̻ҲûеҪˣȰŮڻʱ˵
ȴû뵽ƴӻͳ˸ӣҪ𣿡
򿪻һֻס棬̻ȼ̻Ƭ̺˲䱬ҫ۵Ĺâ
ԶĵطҲϵرžر죬ڻǰһ뿪
Ҷ˷̻ܵڿлȦơ
Ҳ⣬ֻ̻ƺ˼ֱ̻ȼյβˡ
źҶе̻ҲһȼƲų߰ɡ
ƽҶ͵ſڣҶͻȻӵǮûиƣ˵ҪȥȡȴƸסֱۡ
ҶҲһ£˲ſ֣ˡ
лл㣬ûʲôлģ°ɡҶһ˽ƵתƿľŽȥˡ
ǰµִ˻Żʹʢ̻ʣµ̣Ƶ˻ȥŽǺȶˣôľٶ
-
ȵƻصУеС˵ղźү֪ƲڸУ˺һƢ
Ʊʾ֪ˣСˣ߳һȫµӣһѶ̵үҲԺд̽١
Ҳ֣ᰴ̫Ѩ˵꣬ҲϢ
Ҫ
ÿξԸѾǧ֮ʱ򣬿ҲС׼ף˾ǹһݴɱĮ
뵱ԭΪˣȴ˳Ѱˣڶ±Ӧñٴ漰ֻýֶҽΡ
ʱ·СĽżֻİ˴ظҽΡ
Ȭ֮һؾˣһ֪֮سˣ˵֮ǰѾ˳𣬽ƶľ֮ʼģ˵ҪЧҡ
˶ʼռڲԣʲô˵ֻǼƾԲ˺ƣҲκв
ҲǶʱ䣬ʱ޿̲ڽߣˣҲʹ˽뽭˽õԡ
ܽƶ˲ʾҪıҲǾ֮͡
ʼڰŽƣֱСͼڽƲ豭¶˸ֱ֣۶Сǡ
Ȼֵø˾֪ǸСһҧ˵Լ⣬ֻǿ߽竹ڸﻹܴѹƽһͷķų²ߡ
ڽС˹ڲ񷿣͹ٸ֮ǰС˱ڲԾ⾿ǲĻʹҲ޶֤
ڴӰ쵽˿򸮵ȫ²⴫ҲΪ˹ܽ޷һܵı˼
˺вһ꣬ûκ˿ȥ̽ѰࡣŸТٳ
ʶ²âܻǶЩ˲в
žΪƽʱҪںбĸİȫ˴ԺҲٳǰ˶ΪոŽƵĽʿ뿪ķ
˸֮󣬽ںڰзŶͷ뵽˽ĵεΣͻȻЦˡƵҡҷӳǽϵӰӣ˵żҳ̵лƺҲǺġ
ֻ뵽꿪ҪٰĿƾ٣ǵʱֽǷӿڿƾ֮ǰҲ֪᲻ʲôµķ粨
µһ꣬Ҳ̫ƽ


11 
һ峿һƬţǻճϦֹ³˯š
ýĽƽȥˣõʱ򣬻û˵ǻûʱϵСĵطһյ裬㿴ɫˡ
СˣҲææ׼ųʳÿǰһľԲԲмŰ˱ΧһȦŸʽĽˡ
ƿ˿޷ǶЩЩڲʺͼĳʳϣһԲԲͽڽڸԢ⣬ֻǼƺѾûпڸˡ
ȵ˲еˣ٣ϷһţƱ߹ȥ̣á
ãáϷԱߵֵһƽһɰݸ˽ơ
ƿ˿̣˼ѾѹǮ㣬š
ٹ±̵İʮ٣ƴ㵽ʱѰһݺӦ̵ǡ
ȽʱҲָͬһɰѹǮ˼˵һѵļ黰˼üЦ⻹ʱʱƳһ۽ơ
ȴҲûʽ٣ȴϷ˴ϣӶôˣôʲô
ҹ޶ܣҿҪ졣
һ춼ںʲôǲٷ㰲ˡϷ˹
ܲûм׷ʽƣȴûһļʡ
һ˶ϷȶӣϷ˳˿ڰ˱˱
¥ģ͵Ҹϵġ˵¥ȷʵСʲô
ǿɲǣҪǼҵĴҲ¥Ƽ˿ڡ
ϢܿߵĶӣҲ֪ӹƤʲôãǸ޴־ˡ
Ҹղ˵ĻȥǲǣϷòˤӣƼ˵㣬ֵõ˵
ϷϲӣСʱ򽭳Ҳǰ󣬵֮󣬼ûнҲûзϷ˸ǰϷ˶Ƽƫ
ƼҲû뵽һھǻ㬵زٶ˵ֻǺݺݵ˽һۡ
ҲֻǻδȻسľԲ
ܿƼ˵ҲܣֻóԲȻϲ¥Ķǵʱʮٵʱ򣬱¥ĳϸٰ죬Ҳ˵Ƹ¥ĳ죬Ҫǰȥ룬һ
㿴Ұʮٵ£һ㶼ģҪӸСİ졣˵ˣ˵ˣԷ
ܱϷ˵Űؽ緹
-
һᣬμͺﾭڶڳ֮УֻкҶرˡ
ѩƺںҶ˯ʱѾͣˣϵѩ˰ããһ̺
ҶѵǱѩ£ŪԲһţѳһСѩ˷˷ſڡ
ϴϺ󣬺Ҷμ˵Ҫ˱ǰʼ׼ҹμƺȵеˣҲ֪ǷвϿ׼Ѿ֮ģǰĵӾжѿ֮ģҶһȦҲûҵʳģֻա
ȵ˱ɢڵҶȥѼ˶֮ǰ˶Ѿϴ۾ʵ˲ϡ
һ˱˫۶ʱɢ˹âа˱
¥ġμͣһֻͷľƾƺδȫɢʹˣǲܺˡ
϶Ȱ㣬õȰȥڰ˱мĶɳڣԺμ𱸡
μһƾ˺֣Ҳ֪óȳԣͳԼԵġ
μе㣬
ʲô֪Ž㣬Ϣμ˵
˵ģ˱ƺóԡҲμ˵𱸷ϡ
ÿ겻һ𣬾ͺŴ׷ٷŵ֮ģһ˱ַμ䲻ΪȻ
Ҷ뵽ִİ˱о֪ʲôʱѲٽ㶹ɳڵģ̻ڡڡ
ֻҵʳԭ˵ǰƺ̫ʵ֣Ǻ߻Ҹʱ䳢һ¡ֻҶҲִ֪֮ΪµĿŵҵ᲻ᱻǲײĴڡ
Ҷ˵һһؾЦˣһҲһ֣ʶ˵˼˵ůƺȫİĻҲûر⡣
μȻ𱸣ǰѰ˱ļָ˺ͺҶҲֻŴ׷ԣѰ˱ľǡ
Թ緹һ̵ؾͳţԼ˸ڵСƲ֪ҪȥҰ
μҲҪţҶҲ˾䣬ȥĶ
ȥˣ˳ȥ¥￴ʲô׼ġ
Ϣôȥ¥Ҷɻ
ⲻϢˣв˶ϼˣ¥Ҳûʣ¶ˣʲô׼ģ漸ÿ춼жõľϯҪǰ׼μ̧ͷ˿Ҳ֪᲻ѩ
Ҷμ˲پƣ״̬Ҳ̫ã㻹Ǹһȥ
μһһӦǾܾ˵Ĳúμ䵽ܣһ˿ɲãҶһټִֻ֣жӵֿ˵
μģֲֻܴźҶһͬȥֻҶҪĺʵ㣬ֽɡٳš
Ҷ¥ҲѾᳵ·û뵽Ҳھ¥
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һһǲĵ첻黹ǹҶϯʳġ
Ҷ˵Ҳûвأվһԡ
˵֣СԶ˵궼ˡǮƹͻȻü˵
֣֪˵ӳˣؼŮ帣ȥˣôСҲˣû˵
Ӳ˵߾ˣҲ֪ǲǱļҾ¥ȥ
һ⻰μüͷ˲Ҳšǰο˵ģС˻ģҪǱӦиģ˵ʲô²˵ǣǮƹֱͲ
ʦҲҪü꣬ڼֳɵҲ֪ҲҵõˡǮƹһΪѣⱻ֪ˣָô𣿡
Ҷһ¥£ԭƽֿʼûʲôҪѧͽʽʦ
УⱾȱˣ껹Ǯƹǵ˵Ҹ˵ʵһһ춼ڽ涼˵¥ڶûµĲʽһֱڳϱ
һ⻰μҲȻ¥⣬ǽҲֻǵæŸ˼ҵϯҲûע¥²ʽĿ
ǰ·ÿ󹺰˱Ϊ¥һֱܺãֱǮƹô˵֪顣
һӣ֪Ҷԥؿ˿ڡ


12 
ʲôӣ㲻ֱ˵μϴҲǺҶæ⣬λҲŮļ⡣
㾺ģʽҶͻȻ뵽ǰվսĿ
Ȼ¥Ϊǵһ¥ӳ֡Ҷ׻˵úãߴߣһķųμ˾ԲŹѳĻᣬض֮ͣҲ˻ҪȡμλĽǰ
ļ˷ʽΪٰ쾺һֱǿӦƸߵĻڹ涨ʱͬһˣӻİٵɫζԿǲǷ¥ķ
һֵɸѡ֮󣬵ڶֱǿ鴴⣬ù涨ʳĿܹôԭезƷ۵һ˵ƷֱӼ뵽¥ʳб
ҶӵǮƹƺ˱ģʽǻǺܽŵʣ¥쾺ҵˣ
ؼھϡ
˵μҲһԴߴ١
ȻҪ쾺Ҫ¥Ŀ˵Σ
⡭ĪǸÿһҳŵӣǮƹɻ
ģʽӯǮƹ֮ǰǷйƵľҶ˵
ı䶼Уȳջǵһ˵
Ƕ˵飬Իкǰʱ¥ͼμӵıÿȡ볡ѲӵÿͶƱȨҲ˱͵Ĳȣ¥Ҳ˽
ҶȫĲǮƹֵöҪϲ£죬úúãҿУȥ¡
һԵĺμƺҪЩǣоٰǰᣬμӣһҪûô죿
İɣϺΣųȥ¥֣ٳʦ˭һ졣Ǯƹοȥ¾ܰϡ
⡭μᣬǮƹȥʱǷȥСŮ⡣
ϺΣʲôǣôõ˵ء
ǮƹͰæμ˵
УҾ˵Ϻ⣬ҪʹͻǸǣ⹦ǮҲ̰Ǯƹ˵
Ǳлˡ
¥ˣǮôʲô
Ǯƹ黶ϲصرС뿪ˣ֮ǰμߵʱҪš
㲻ҰɡμתͷʺҶ
ʲôҶһʱûзӦ
˵Ҫ֪飬μ˵Ͼ漰ʼҵ飬ҲֻղˣҲأҾ㻹ٲΪá
û£ûϡҶĻңμһ˵Ҳֻϣμǡ
һٰⳡźμҲμӣֻڻ˵μ֮նࡣ
ȻԼıҲûаգôǰǵ򹤵ľ黹ԺЩרҵĳʦһϸ£ڴһռơ
-
ǮƹԴ˺ҶĵӺһֱѰҺʵʱȥ
ڻʹϣ¥ڳ¿ţǮƹﶼǹ¡
ֱʮһգ¥ǮƹŸȥ
˵
µĻǡǮƹϹϾػش
ܲܽᵽɡ˵
ͿųԸĦģȻԲιۣԸģȻ᷿Ų˶ǡǮƹ񽫵Ҷ˵뷨ת
ŻͦȤ˵¥ҲƺǺܾûЩֵˡ
ǮƹĻûмʱظӦ,Ǯƹ񲻰Ƴɫá
Ǳôɣ죬մմϲ뷨ƺ
Ǻ׵ĺʦġǮƹϽ䡣
ҲʦˣҪĺ黹Ҫľ¥Ӫҵ⡣
Ǯƹ⻰˼·ƹûоְůķͷϵĺ鿪ʼͣ˳
ǮƹҺүղ·ķ˵ѩ֣ȥͺʦ˰ɡǮƹӣǶˣΪſģһĸʹͣķֺʹͻҪεľܾ
Ǯƹ£Ǯƹ£ߵſڲŽͷϵĺˮȥ֪׬Ǯķ϶ܴӦֻû뵽ûôɿڡ
ڣջղһأǮƹˣôصģҾǸ÷ӡ
Ȼãͣһ¼˵Ҳ֪̫Ӻ¥ý
¥ҪҲǸֵıǲ
͵ǾͼǶָ֧һôֵ¥׬ӡ
¥ŵˣҲ٣ǸĻôӣǰһڿ˲Զûǰˡ˵Ŀжٴ˵㱧Թ
ô֪˵
һӪһ߻㡣
Ҳֻ˽ºЩСŮƢڳ͢ķ֮Уûʲôšĳǰǰ߹ֻǸƷĹٵŮ
ֻҡͷ漴ƽʱЦݣ˵ˣȻĳԷɡ
𵱳ʶڽʱżȻһСżŶһ飬ּȢ
ִȢҲǸֲһӣȻ϶Ȣһûκζֱӱ۴Ӻѡ˵λϸ߿ˡ
ȻҲ֪־ڴˣȻҲᾭӪ¥ֻΪʼкܶ鶼ɼòԸķ׷š
-
¥Ҫ쾺飬ǮƹһʮʮٵĴˣͷС˾֪
˵¥˽ٰѡξ֮⣬˵ھ֮󣬷μ׼²ʽȡ˱ͽƷȻֻǳˣʱûµ¥ҲƷڳԿͿ˲С飬ںƷĵǳ
¥ΪⳡרſƱ㣬ҲǱǸֹٻº͸˼ҵСŵˮйͨ
ߣˣǰһϾ¥ſͨŶӡ
ν볡ȯ¥˲зһſ¥СľƬ
۵գ볡ȯǲʱȫû򵽵˸ǵ󹺣ߣҪаȥƼٵСľƬǮƹöԲߣһ۳ľƬѡϺõĳ㣬ѡҲǶһ˼
ǮƹȻ¥Ŀ˶ǴԹ󣬸ҪݵľģƱļ۸ȻǰԤļ۸
¥һٶҲڵĹٻӵܼһ仰ǣ¥볡ȯ
-
пҲ⣬۵գܣ˽ԺԷ鷿űȻԵõضš
пͷ㵽¥Ǹʲô볡ȯ
ɶҲûָֻԶ輸ϷŵСɰ
пϸϸһİ涼ַˣôҲС˳ҹ
š
ʲôţ
Ǯƹ񡣡
˵ֱӴǮƹõġ
Ƶ˵ͷķʱ˸պþ¥ȥǮƹǮƹһʼ˵ʲôҲͨڡ
ҲǮƹߵĶĶҲ͸˵
ǮƹԼȥéޣҲȥʵǱ޿̣ɿڸһ
һھǮƹڽʵ̫ķϣҪǲͨڣ֮󽭳¥ƹϹҲסǰݡֻ뽭ƲҪ͸¶ȥ
ĺͺμŮһǮƹ졣
ʲô
ûʲôûʲô
˵ĺμҵŮĪǳʦŮ׷ʡ
Ǯƹƺ˵
˵޷
Ǯƹ룬ýƺǰ˵̵ˣҺμҲֻҪҶ߻Ǹ߽Ӧⲻ󣬱㽫ǰг
ҲûʲôʾֻǶǮƹҪ˵ˡ
ǮƹŽ뿪ıӰͷǶԷˣҲ˵


13 
¶ʮţһ죬¥ĳվݱչˡ
νվûвȡǰĴʩǲȡֳʽͬʱҲΪ˱⴫ڲصķ߲֮໥ͨĿԣ֤ƽ
ȻǱǵһ˵ϯٰ죬ϾμжʮˣĲҲá
ˣμνæýŲմء죬컹ûʱ򣬾Ϳʼ¥ϣȥپ¥׼һӰʽʼ
ҶҪȥμӱ˼©μŵ춯һҹǳߡ
һμŵĶҶһµ׼õˮϵȸߣ⽫ԭϸüλôֺڡ
Ÿ̻û𴲣Ҷ͵͵ķ䣬ú·
ҶҡѵĺһˣŵþҪУںҶۼֿ죬һס˺죬û̡
꣡ңҶ
㣬Ҫˡﻹ·δӡ
·ʮĺϻȺҶһЩ껹ٳһ㡣
߷·߶Ҷ㣬Ҫȥȥ˵ᷢġҸ˵㲻Ҳżġ
ͰԼ˵ȥҸ̾ˣҲȥҵġҶӹеĴֲ·ط任
㣡ͻȻ˺Ҷϵ̥ǣܳỴֽ̈㣬㲱ϵ̥Ҳǵһڡ
ãл˰ܵܡ
-
ȵҶ¥ǰŵʱѾɽ˺ĳ볡ľƽ¥ģвΧ۵ȺڣֵģҲǲܹ©ȥġ
˺űĵطҲѾʮʦŮǴֲ·磬ҲǸ߰ӦоУؾһҲϱרװ˵ƤҲŲҲװʲô
ҶһȦһ۱㿴վڽСһڳԵøۡ
ҶŲСߣװĴ˵СӣҲμӡ
СƺûʶתźҶһ˵ͷš
ôСμӱҶŬװһʶӣʵ̽Сܲϳ
СϸźҶãͻȻĴսҶ˵㣿Ҷ㣿
ҶҲûϵôͱ˳˿ΧûעߣСʣôϳģҶһˣһ۾ܿ𣿡
ղź￴һ˹ӡ
ҶǰӾʱҲһֱ²ŮװôῴֵԼôͱϳٶαװ˻ɡСôϳǳϦദʮĺμһ۾ʶ
Сָָĺᣬ˼УҶûС
Ҷ㣬ǲźʦģȻҲô
Ҷ˵ͷò˵ĿĻǺܺò¡
ʵ㣬㲻Ҵδϵó㣬ʵһװġ
С˵ĻҶҲ֪ӦǿοױļãźαװˮƽλҶԭСʣμû˵ʲôתһ룬ҲпǺμСϾһεıûκƣΨһҪı׼ǳա
ûãǮƹʹӺųཫҪĳʦۼһСȸÿ˶ֺƣĳʦһʮˡҶ쵽ţС쵽˾źš
ǮƹʼÿʦжӦ̨мûκΰҲʼҪɣڱУѡ֮䲻ý̸
ʽʼ֮¥ԭĳʦʦһԹĦյıҲвǰιۣսɺμȳʦͱ͹ͬʤλϵڶֵĴսʤλ
ǮƹǷ⣬вҲھ˻࿴˿˴ˣʾû顣
Ǯƹλ볡һֱĿгʦλ֮ٹ
гʦ룬Լ̨ϣҶվ˵ڶţһ۾Ϳվǰĺμ䣬ҶûаͷֱӺμĿ⡣μҲֻǶ볡ĳʦһɨûע⵽ҶҲС
ȵ˶վˣǮƹʼһֵıĿ
ԭҶ˶ͬһˣǮƹ񡢺μ¥ʦ¾ȡһʳģóʦзӣȡ¥ʳģ涨ʱһʱ
ԭվһԵĺμվ˳˵һֱʳġ
ǮƹһʾСÿ˵̨Ա϶Ҷһÿ߶һ۶ʱвȻǶǲѡʲô͵Ķ˵ҪҪʣμزء
ʽʼǮƹһԵ࣬˶Ѿ˳ȥȵһԵľѡʳġ
Ҷվԭس˼ʱƮֹڶ뵽ıһ׵Са趹ȻôһС鶹Ըλʦжķӿռ䣬ÿҲֻһˡ
ҪʤҶи˶ɵǰʱһ˴ҷŴҳԣҶں棬صز
ҶлƮըм򵥵ĭŶֻЩ˶ؿζڸ˶ԭĶ
ʵҶҲ֪ڴ¥Ϊ˱ԭζͬһͬüζ뵽֮УֻһʱƺԽ㹻Ũ
ҶһһⲽľӱϣʳѾѡʣ޼ֻʣһЩˮƷ纣κͱ֮İʳҶѡ֮ѡһСϺ
СҲڳţ»κͱѡС
Ϻ𶹸õϺȾȥϺͷٿȥϺߣϺһһõ飬ںҶһϵжһǳɵͬʱ
-
רĴʳĵʱ򣬿ʼбΧ¡
ȻٲޱȰֵĹпӲǽ˹ûˣվǰţͿҲһѬԵĳʤ˶ϰ䣬ڡ
ЩֵӵܺС㻹ṳ̂ͱζǺû˰ᡣ
пʱͿμ̨м߶ƺڿ˴ʳĵַѡϡ
ôӣǲҲһԡпĻ˽Ƶע⣬ҾǳһʵûƫĺѽĹпϽ͡
վڵڶŵǸСӰȥϵĺƺϵ˵㣬ƿ˿˵ƺм죬ٿμߵߣϵԵýӲ˲٣ʱȻ
ҲʶƶԹп˵
˵˭ʦҵȻʶп˳ŽƵĿ⿴ȥ֪ʶ˵Ǹӵģʶ
Ƶͷпȴǽʾ֭ҲûȲҵСˣҲҼҵģû
-
ڹпڲ²Ҷݵʱ򣬺ҶѾп飬ڶС뵰Ϻ׼ˡ
ҶʱڼҲǽջļ¯࣬ǱѬǺÿ˼졣
ҶпտΧˣԾѾʼǼûøô졣
С뱫ҶҲǣСոںμ߲лӴְʳĵĴͺʵҲһܹӶζ
˿ΧĳʦĿͶ͵ĺҶúͽƵĿԸš


14 
Ҷҵرܿ˽Ƶ񣬵ϵӣƽҲϲӭϽƵĿ⣬ȴֽѾ˱ĵط
ʱĺҶҲû뷨ֻϣڵĻܹ˳ؽϺ졣ʼ׼ϺĽ֭
ֽղŵժϺͷϺԳϺͣóһС뽫͡ʳκһڻһ󽫹̵Ϻ͵룬֭ɹ
ֻһóˮ֣Ͻ֭Ϻ𶹸ʹ󹦸ɡ
ʱҵĿⶼվڵһŵһδƺǼ⽫·ĵý˿ӰĶƬƤƬñ
ҶҲûпǹƬζֻںʺϳļڣʵ䷴
-
Ǯƹͭ࣬һһֱ
ÿ˶ղ쵽ӣŵľϣ¥ͳһõչʾԳԡ
ҶϺ𶹸װڳɫУΧ׺˼ˣɫʣǿӾ
С˺ʶɫĺκͱͰɫĶáǰĵܵĿĴ󺺣жһ鶹׺Щ΢Ƶ񶡺ںڵƤĩˬɿڡ
вҲ˴±¥ԭĳʦռݣʼ׼ʽϯΪ˱ⱻʦ˵صӰ죬¶ÿ˶ӦĳʦֻϣʳﱾζС
ͶƱڣÿλͶƱͶƱȨֻΪ˴ո֣δΪһ̸ʣͶƱ²ԣ͵Ʊɢ
ҶһֱŵؿϺ𶹸ƱٻиʮƱþ͵˹пͽͶƱﻹһССɧƺΪע
һܻӭпƤԽ˵
ǵͶšƶԹпԿš
Ͷܸ˭𣿡пԭҪǸѡָˡ
Ͷ˵
ƺ͹пͶ˺ҶͽƣƽľƷϺ𶹸ǰζسҶվĵطһۣúҶǲǱ¶ˡ
пһͶƱ׷Žʸȴȿӹ˻ȥпҲ֪ƵӣȶԷԸ
ͶƱ󣬺ҶСбδ󺺺λﶼ˳˵ڶ֡ǮƹϢʱ䣬¥ַһ;ѣλѡֽͣȥйҪʳģڹ涨ʱڻɡ
̫ˣҶ㣬ҳɹˡСҵҶҪһȥԷҲΪĳɹѵ¶һ档
Ҷûڻαװŵݣ꣡
磬ҲСԴϴβܷʱ;úҶƺõ˺ʦ洫Ҳصĳո֡
СҲ֪ʵ˳أҲմ˸߼ʳĵĹ⣬ҶǸʳıζ
ҶСȥиӿʲôóԵģһӱСֵܣһ¡
Сͷһλ󺺣ôˣ
֪ɷͬУ
С˿ҶҶ˵ͷ漴ǡ֪нʿոյǣһ¥б֣ʵ϶ǵ·߻һŲ֪
СһνӴʿҲǺ棬׷ص⣬ϵʳ˵ҪζΪֻƺ˸ϰ嵭ζⲢóġ
Ҷһˣҵôʱ仹ûԹʳΪûԭֻǲҽĵط֪ʶİ֮ء
λСֵܣûк𣿡ԺҶ˵
ǽǰʲôģҶǶԽǵԭܺ档
ǰҲǳӣ⵶֪ˣֻȥһҾ¥Ҿ¥Ǳ¾͵ˣǸطǴȥˣǴһ
Ҷһ⽪һĹģ˵йõģֻǷڹŴ˵ᱻ֮ˡôޱ˵жҲ⡣
˸̯£Ϊ⽣ʱƮ˺СУɢŹ
ҶæһɶҲˣֻǽ仰ʳʧСֵܣԣӦóƹǡ
ҶǰĴ󺺣ɵۣ㡭ô֪ģ
һ⽣һ˵տʼҿģһ㶼ɴ䣬˵ŷ㲻ǸҲĨİɡ
Ҷѵص˵ͷʱǰҲȻζ
Сϣҿ䣬·߶ˣʲô鶼ˡĻ̫ǳ
˵Сĺ棬磬һ·϶ʲô飬˵˵
Ҳûʲôǽϵ飬ʲô˭׷ɱ˭ˣ֮顣
ҶűСδС飬˽˵ȥǽ磬һ·ϼϡĲ˲֪ʲô
һֽвܵĶ˵Ƿģۼۼߣû򡣡
Сһ˾ǺҶֲˡҶŮӵݷѾ¶СҲټװȥˡ
ŶҲȤС㵸ؽҶܷ͹KĹ̡
벻ﾹǺμʦŮ
ҶЦͼȥɲýΪΪúμˣһͨڡ
ҶźʦġС˵
ƺЩ鱾Ͳ⣬ҲûйǲǺҶμǷںĻ
ҶҲ⣬ϽǰУȥˣֻʣһЩʵʳġ
һгͷֿȥѰҪʳģԼһʱԺгٻϡ
һ˺һȲˣϵڶֱҪ
Ҷгתţʵʳ򣬲ˮ̯ϣŲٵĳӣ²ˣҲװΣ̯Ҫ
Ҫȥɽҩ֭ɽҩɸ״ֻϧûݮȻݮɽҩϾǵһѡ
Ҷ㻻һ̯ȥѰɽҩʱӭпԶԶת¥ĺһ
Ӧòע⵽ӲǱ߹ȥ
ǰλСпӺҶ𣬺Ҷţǰȥ
û뵽п׷˺Ҷǰ棬С磬
Ҷò¶õװƣָָָпָָԼϻһãȻı顣
ʵ򣬺Ҷĸ̣֪ҹʲôãг꣬ɹпǲǴеı˸񣬾ֻȸĵչԼ
ǲʶ𣿡п˵
Ҷͷҡø˹Ƶģ˼ǲʶˡ
ԶĽڲ˹пתͷԽ˵˲˵
źιĳ͹ĳ뿪ڴιϵı֡˵ת뿪ˣп˿ӵĺҶٿƣϽ׷ȥ
ֻʣºҶʯڵ˶Ůģ粻αװ
ֻĽƶϳ̶ˣǺμǸϳֻǹװ֪


15 
Ҷ˼Ȼܹ˳뵽һ֣֤ĳնٶܵ˵ϿɣҪľѡʳġ
ôӳյĻ˵ûʤ㣬ҪʤֻܴӰ̵ȷ֡
һҪ˵ŴԲеʳҶ˼ȥֻСĸֳԺ
ϾҪһЩĸ߿Ƽ豸ҲֻͣϵͼƬ
Ҷ˿ĳӣǳзļڣзӦòѡֻ뵽Ϥ
廨ŵʳĳڵ̯ϣϧʱ򣬺ҶԺʳΨȱˡ
ŵϵ㹽ʳģҶöƤ뷨ֻĶͬһʳģԵÿ﷦ζû뷨ĵ£ҲʧΪһ⡣
ҶɹЩ⣬ЩͷʳģǰԼĵص㣬û뵽Ѿˡ
ιӰ˵Ĵʲôˣ
ҶŽĿֻһֻһʳĵǼ򵥡
ܣڲ͸¶ȱʱ֪ˡҶ˵
ֶһС٣ҲǶʳģҲջķᣬһʱҲʲôˡ
ص¥ҲѾˣǮƹһ˶ˣ̨ǰžλ벿ֵ̨¥ĳæµϵϯ
ǮƹҲ˵࿪˲æµʼһֻһΪһ輦˿һм飬ļӼ
ҶҲڸɽҩȥƤϹ죬ټӳ֭ࡣ
ΪۣҶӵĶǣʱɽҩŻȥŻظӣĳ״
СҲͣЪڹۣƺҪǸйصĲϡλҲڴҲæòɿ
ҶΪ˸ݶԣص׼˸ʳģͷڵģҲ۲ڵģرӦþڵĸοϵضԪأзơ
ԭøΪϽ֭ڸϣҶҲʳĵıζӽֻ֭ˮ죬ζϾ
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һε˶ѾеʳİװãҶĳ֭ɽҩյзεĴϣϻ˼ΪװΡ
һҲ룬ܳԵʲôζҲǸԵ
輦˿Ӽһһ죬žˬͻĽӳ
Сǽƹϵ˴״򵥵ƹ˿һƬ
Ȼ˵Ǵˣû¥ʳϳֹľɲμӱ
λóԴͳļҳӲˣһλ躣غǴŹǵĴ䣬һλ趹ѿͷѼ
ʣˣ󻷽Ȼѷֲ٣Ʊ൱ֻǺҶĳ֭ɽҩΪͿɰջһڹټСϲ
վĻڣǮƹͺμƺִźμΪ¥ʦȻмߵĻȨһƱȨ
ĵȻǺҶĸǮƹΪƤƳ³£μΪͶȡɵɡ
СıҲԥ˳أ֮ѧͽܹһĳʦ
ִݣһʱ޶ۣ˽ҲĴ
ôûͷʵ
ǮƹԭһһϸһԵ˵ҾǸ֭ɽҩͻƹϴɣ䲻ӱҲǶ˼ġ
Ǯƹһ͸ϿڣԼǡ
Ҳ˵Ҿ˵ò޵ʦǡ
⡭μҧҧʵ棬Ҫ
ʦýţ˵ҲźöᡣԿȰ
죬ʵСŮӣŮװμӱҲڸղŵڶֵʱϳԭͣǮƹ˵ߵһһٷΣμͣһ£˵ҲԸ¥˽
˴˶һۣ˵ʦ⣬ȻƾԼıߵһʵ¼ȡֻҪǺʦŮǣŮװҲΪͽ㡣
𵱳ûɻʱҲŮװ͵͵ȥϷ԰￴Ϸȥ׷ˣٲһѵ⡣
ȻûӴҶȴԺҶҲ˲׽֮⣬˻飬ԭд˼ҲͶˣͱһУֻǶ˱Ųε顣
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ĽںɽСͺҶ˽Ϊ¥µĳʦм䣬ֻнһ˿ֱףΪ¥ʼչϲϵΪϵĲʽ
ҶСֻڴӱű¼ȡӵصĳ֪ʶǳѧߵˮƽҪ¥ĺĥ
Ǯƹ֮󣬽ǶԽһȻĵӣСԵü˷еʧ䣬ҶҲϲɫӡ
Ҷû˶ãμ֣Ҷҹ
ֻʵʵ䵽˺μߣĺ˾䣬
μ俴˿̾˿ӱϵˮףҨһľˮȰϴɾ
ҶԣʵʵӸϴһɶҶΪμŭȴû뵽μֻ̾˿Ҳû뵽֣ȻУǱúѧŰɡ
һԵĺҶҲû뵽μ侹Ȼ׾ͷŹ𾪵ؿźμ䡣
μҲŸղĻԣЩ¶ڤڤ֮עġ
Ȼ¥ͲҪະۣʲôֻػУŮͻͨڣˣڶμ俴źҶͼͨ뺣Ҫ˵ü
ҶܽܡҶǼҪҪҵȻһҪѧһ֮
ȻôҲڶ˵ʲô쿪ʼһ¥ѧ𡣡
һ仰Ҷ֪μǴӦˡ
һԵСղſźμеҲҶģһҶ¥ʱҲϲüңҶ㣬ϲѽ
ҶСͷԺա
ҲһԣҲϣ¥ú£ܶһʱ䣬ʦָ̡
Ҷһ뽪ĵطˣƺ̫֪ϾٿҲٴ˵㴫ͳĹҪ֪ˣָҪʲô۶ӡ
ҵ˿ɺˣ˵Ҫ򽪴̡Ҷ
μ˺Ҷһۣƺ죬ҶҲ⣬ϵϯڼǲӦΪ⣬ھͿʼ֡
Ҳһ죬ȥɣǡμ⻰һ˵СʱϲشؼҺ͵ܵ÷һϢ
ƺеԥ⸽пջƼ𣿡
ҶŷӦҲǵĵһ죬ŵĵطҲûС
ɣͺҶһңҴҸסμһԭɱ˵
ҶźμҲĴ󣬶ԽĵϸҲ˽⣬͸ҸסĪҪؼＷһ
ںμ˽βǰһؼҵʱҺμĽƺ͹п
ʦпһؿʵشк
˹Ӻͽôˣ
ⲻҺʦ𣿡пûûεӡ
߶źʦ֪ǮƹǷ˵ʮղˡƶԺμ˵
֪̫̫ȫ硣
Щ¡
һԵĹпڽƺͺμȷ̫̫ͬʱһԵĺҶĴԵÿ·ֿȤιױҶĿһ¡
ֵҶΣΪڸݣصװɵʶпû뵽ڻǱš
ںμͽƺܿͽ˶ԻμźҶͽﳤȥ
пźҶ뿪ıӰпֻϲιﰡ
ǡƺѵֲһ


16 
ȻҶģμ뽪̽ϲϵΪɣѽ˼ңƽҲסʱ򣬶סںμҡ
ﵱȥ¥ѧֿ˻˵һ¾ĸӣѧգֻҪԾˡ
ʣ˵֮ǰûпǹ׵ĸܣֺͺμİ˴ܽӴ
Դ֪˺ҶҪȥ¥Ҳ߶ͣ˵Ҷڸв֪Ҫȥͷ¶档
ҶҲ֪ճ߶Ǻģǽźȥλϵļ϶һ˼š
ȥмתһȦĺҶǱܵϵλϼСμλʵʱ򣬺Ҷ˸š
⼸¥Ĺֻ˵μ䵱Բ飬¥ѧͽִĴ򹤿ɿˣֱͶôһ͡
Ҫϴ룬Ҫϴϴˣ֮ܶĻźҶ
ѧͽѧϰУвһͷ۲ѣΪϰһľͰĻƹһУе϶ѵСɽһĻƹϡеҶǲԭװġ
ʹĪеʱ򣬺ҶһһС
Ҫ·ĺμ䣬·ĽҲǿźҶϵĵһŬСƺҲЩĹǰźμڻ򣬱ϡ
ֻкҶһոһյſ๤
¹ںҶϣ߻ɬѶĲϴҶĶУһͶƣӿ˺Ҷϣֳ֧ͷԣ˯
λϿҶһԣͷһһµȻ
￴޽ٿʼ˯Ľ㣬ٿλ潲ӣͻȻ飬ʣδ磬ǲϲҽ㣿
λüź˵ղŸ㽲ôר־ô򵥵¶𣿡
࣬ʵδȿСģλϵ˽⣬֪λϵѧˣϽͣûУղŽҶţ˵Ļ£С˾һ쵽С
ɷҪľǿȡûʱȥǶŮ鳤顣λɫ
˵ɼҵҪȳɼҲҵ˵
ﱻλºףλϵĸ룬רģݡſȴûע⵽λС˵ϲʱѺ͸Ķ
ҶҲ֪˶ãűˣԺػصңڴϾͽ磬Ժƺϴ˰ʱȥؼܹ
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һµʱ䣬ҶѾÿͿ״˿״ĸ߹򽻵ѧϰֹϡϲ˳¥רһ׵Ĺ
Ҷһϴ룬һҲдʣϲ֮ȣ˺󡭡·𵱳߿֮ǰʱ⡣
Ҳźμİæ֪ҵһסʽͺμҳΪھӣλ϶ԣҲ˸ӡ
ֻλϳסǣδӴϲϵڵһγԵյëѪʱ˸
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գǨĵһ죬³μ˺λ϶뵽Է˵ǸлҵչˣôҸһڵļˡ
μһµĲʽӲǴӵؽһ̳Ļƾúᵽȥ˵Ҫ뽪ҹ̸
λǳҲûõóֵģԭŸҲһֻǹ˴ڣﲻֽաֻӲͷƤȥ˱˵ʧܾõĲס
˴һһ¡
ϵһҲǺͮͮģŶعëѪúҶĵʿˮ
˶Է޷˵ЩǨ֮ϲļһҶ̶˿ӣȥһëǣմ͵ëǣŽζڴݼɢ
λϿźҶһӣҲ˼涼ʲôʳģֻӲͷƤһëǡ
շŵͿʼҵؿʼ֣Ѱ˼ƽʱδ㣬ΪҪдˡ
λϵʣͺμ䶼ЦֻкҶ˻ڴȤλϵʱӲͣƷδԵζ
СûԹɡμЦ˵
壬ܳԣ
ܳԣôܳԣǼǴСģһϣëѪҪֱ߽ϣ̯ϲҪëǡѼĶźóԡ
СΣھϰˡ㿴Ҷ
Ҷһֻųԣֻܷܵػش𣺡ţɺóˡ
λϿ˿ëǣԥٴ¶˾ģһξûϴεĴ̼Уܵһζ漴ζǳζ٣ֻűӷˮ
λʵܲĿڸУŶָ˸λϵĿӲûͣ¡
ڽͺμƱյļ϶Ͼ˼ǵʱλʣι㲻𣿡
ҶҡҡͷĲԣ
ˣ֪ѶҲһ¡
ҶĻΪλϲܳеϧϾĽǶܳǴ˼ζ
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ʵһֻ֤ҪһȾƣμͣ˺ͷҪλһȣλϱҲһپܾҶ˴ҹǰ֮˵ʲôҲҪֹμλϺȾơ
ȻͺҲܰѺμȥ
һΣҲ˲٣ɺ͸̸չ˽
μȵñϴλ࣬·߲ȣֱһ̯һλϼϡλϳǰ˶ȻҲܲסμ䡣
λ΢μһƣԷͶᣬվҪǽϿҶҲֻӲŷֹμ
λϺòײŽμŪط۵öͷҲϸܵĺ飬ڰƤԵʮ
Ҷμϴ˰λϻԺûߡ
δ磬ȱ߰ɡ
á
λŲ豭źҶ¥ѧͽ
ţͦõģѧ˺ܶණ
Ů޲űǵ£ðڼѧϰŮ죬׼ױҲܺ𣿡
Ҷһ֪ŴҪ⣬һ磬ƽȵŮҲԿƾ٣٣Ϊÿÿҵ˲š
δţλ˼ƺ̫пܣŮ϶һ࣬ŮӲμӿƾٶչСķܶв㡣
Ҷ֪Ҫתλֳ¾ɵ뷨һʱҲ̫ܣнʿ𣬽ŮӲѡ
Ҳ˵ʿСڣȴѡ֮һ׵⡣
˵Ҷ֪ٶĿ࣬һʱҲǺλϽִĹϾλϳ궼Ƕʥ鳤ģ̵þ峣
ҶͿͣλƺ˺ҶЩǲ˵ʲô˺Ҷá
ˡҶЦЦλϹ⡣
Ҷʵλһ޸ĸһˡ
λҪƾҶҲҪһ֮
ֻҶ˺μ˵ܵܺ͸̣ջһůϣܹŬúμͺϺӣҲܹ׬Ǯá


17 
ת۱£ݳݺɵĶ죬ûдů⣬Ǵ͡
ȴѾֵ׼˽Ϸ˵ʮ٣¶Ϊʮڲͣæµ
һգμźҶҲŰݷãΪıö統յʳ
μõϯʳֻǽϷֻʳҪ̶ɽϷԹĿ
ԲڣҲֻǼ˼ҿţȻ֮һ
Բ˵ĻҲֲҶֻͬ¥򵱳Ӱ죬ǣҲв˳Žģ¥ͥУæŰСھ¥֡
ҶͺμӿŽȥҲǾ˻Ⱥͼɽŵ˺ҶԶͤӣĬĬ̾·ĳξ㡣
μҪʳͬƹͨãǰڳ׼׵
Ҫᵽ磬ʵʳҪ뵽Ǿ͸ʽزˣΪʳĵۣҪҶĻ򣬷ֹҶ˱ơ
ոʳĲ˵Ҳ塢˽Ϸ˹߳ԵģҪԵ¥ƳһЩ²ˡ
ҶղĸԭͶƤڱμĳɱһŶƤҲҪǶ;Ļϣڿڸϱ֤һ˿
ҶĹǸ𱸲ˣÿһ˵ʳĶǰ׼ãɺμס
ںμͺҶæȻʱ򣬽ƻصǰѯǷʲôҪĵطμˡ
-
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ԭҶ¥֮ҲǴŮװ·㣬Ҳûȹӵš
ȴû뵽⵽˼һ·ԣμ˵ҪйӣҲ˵ӦôȹӣڵĸͶװѹҲ˵ûʺװҪ¶ƣٲ˻ӣ˺ҶҲֻա
򸮵ǰһգμΪ˲úҶصúҶҳ궼᲻ɫҶ廨ͬİɫ廨ȹȻҶɫÿܾøа׽ӴɫԵЩ
ñΧ߶ŸȹӳҲͦá
ϸһϳ嵽٣ҶͷԵ˼˲١
μ仹ǶͣҶһϸĦţһ˾ͷģźɫķ»ˡ
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һǰƱͽϷ˸ˣ̣ȳԡ
ϷһΪҪܳȥԷһȥɡ
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ȥĵطƶԸˣøӸһ˸ʦԡӦôʱһֱȥ¥Է˺ʦշ
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ƵԺӵ£ԺŲ΢͵ԡ
Ƶʱ򣬺μҲǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ӣ⡭
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Ҷ£ǻ˼źμɫƮϵļȣʨͷ˿峴ˣһСķ͹ļһСϲӡ
ȻǼҳˣЩҲҪһԴ˹ŴҶͿʼѹĺôڹҪ¯ʱ
ϲҲضַƽĽƤһ۱ɡ
ϲӣɫҲ޶ʣĸϺܲľˡ߸ϲ÷ʳģϹ졣
ʱܺʦչˣʦĳ档Ƴ˵
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ʦ򸮵ա
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ԱߵľѣӣҾƣȥƣʦǰ֮ˣԡ
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ƽŮС۵ףúҶһҲûŮӼҵŤ̬
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ͷһתμʹӸϵʼһ˫Ů˵ﲻ£ҲУ˳˿סβλϡ
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Ҷúμ䲻Ҫ˵ȥϾҳ󲻿μ˿δźҶͿʼĲǡ
⺢Ҳ֪˭Ƣ
ⲻ𣿡Ҷ̷źμҲûкȼҲѣôͿʼ˵
μҲԾʧԣεɡ㿪ľС
ҵúιɼΡ
ӣҲΪ˵ˣֻѾͷ档Ҷ⻰ĵ˺μһۡ
ʱǰ洫Ϣ˵ǽϷѾòϣǽҲˣμȥ
μ俴˿ҲԵò࣬㽫ҶԭأֱȥǰϷ˵뷨
ǽƿ˵Ϸ˶ԺҶҲýҶһͬǰȥ


18 
ϷڿԶӰ
һɫԲۣһԵǳɫȹӳȤ
Ϸ˿ĺҶöԷҲ󷽣꽭ܻûгΪʱǼҲо֮УĶСĹΪгļͭļ۸ִ
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ϷˣˡμϵʺãҶҲѧ
ʦɾϷϸϸҶﳤˣУѶԷڵƺҲǲѡ
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˵ιһֲҲյüáٷ˼̸ʱ¥յıʹҲǺ档
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Ҷ˵ϰصͷվţʵдſ򸮵װΡ
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ԭڲˮ;ҲҪ¥һдʳϣڴ˴οζͬɺ׼
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Ҷа㣬ǲǺ壬ϳ·Ͼ⣬ҵֻ˫ס
-
¥μͺҶ뽭Ƹ𣬿˵Ӱʧź󣬲ת˳ֻһ䣬ظԼȥ췣
ǡ˿˿ɫĽƣΪӹһ٣°µٺ»ûˡ
-
ת۱³һ죬μСͺҶһ˿򸮵ĺš
ԭҲҪѧϰһ°˼ҹϯһЩעϾʵֻ֪ǰͻȻǮƹ£˵ָҪԽյĲˡ
Ǯƹ޷ܾΪѵҽȴˬشӦ˵Եźμѧϰֻܵ´λᡣ
ܼرǶһ˽ҶСŵĵߺһЩ˹ȥ
᷿ȥμС᷿ǾڽƵԺӸڣҶΪŮǱŵڡ
ʮ죬ҶǻûСռȨһͣҲп򸮵Ͳˡ
͵ĺҶ̧ͷ鲼ķǣ̾ȻŴǼªһЩȴûиֵĻȾȻ
ҶһȦǽҵ˸ӣǲݶڱ˼֡ϷߡΪ֪һᱻһѵ⡣
ںҶɵʱ򣬱ˡι
Ҷһţתͷ㿴ƺһδĺӣתһ룬ӵĶǲǺĳֲӡ
ӡҶطӵ֡
ιϷǡƿźҶĶ
Ҷǵ˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷ
ȥ˵Ϸġ
Ҷ˿ʵķԥŵʱ򣬽ƵǸѾӰת۱վڷϡ
ι𣿡
Ҷûеסðյջ漴ʼӡ


19 
ƬݶҶСѰŵĵط
һֻ֣źҶ˵ӡ
ҶץסԷӣҶץס˽ƵӣŲΡΡ˷ϡ
ȥǵľɫҲ۵ףĽֵϵķҡҷŻɫ⣬Զ¥ƺҲӪҵеֳ̻Ի͵Ĺںڰԡ
Ҷ̧ͷǿգͼҵǣûþͷˣֻ÷ĳʮѵá
˵Ҳû˵ƺֻԶĳһ㲻֪ʲô
Ҷֲסҹĺ⣬űϾҪģûã˵ҪȥܻԵúʧֻĵش֡
ĶǱƵˣƽ˺ҶϣȵϢ˲ϺҶļ
Ҷ££ǼԽ˵лл
ȥƶԺҶ˵
ѵлᣬһҶҡҡͷ֮һ˿Σʣ֪ںδ𣿡
̧ͷһۣյػһߣҶ˳ָȥһ۾ҵ˱ǵڡ
ϰ𣿡ͻȻʵסġ
ûʲôϰߵģͷˡҶɿ׵ػش
죬ȴʲôҲû
ĬĬԵһûúҶ˵ȥɡ
˷ӣһǰһػص˵档
ҶƵ˽ƣŴ뿪ˡŽ뿪ıӰҶͷһ£ƴԺĪֻסûϰ𣬽˳˻ǡ
ֻҲ֪Ǹڽĺʲôݣſɲ븮ˡ
Ժ⣬һֱ䵱Ź˵ڿˣӣι⣿
γԣ
ΪǹΪ̽˻ش
شͣסǰߵĲתͷˣúԡ
˴ӽƵУƺ˵˻ʧԡ˵ʧ
żǰߣʵһҲû˵˼Դ˸ߣҲܵСҲὫҶɻˡ
ֻǽҲû뵽ԴҶƺʱ䶼ϣûȥЩ˲ݵ顣
-
˵ʲôƼŮȥ¥ʦ
磬ڸȥҫ˭֪ƵģƼһԵĽ⣬Ҫ취ȥϷ˵Ļġ
ģҿ˹򣬶ȥ
磬ʲô磿ǸܼӡƼ૵
ŮƼ˵ſģӶ㶪ˡ
Ƽȴǻδţʱﻹ̡
-
գҶСнӹʳʱ򣬻е㾫㱣û뵽ҵ˴
극ĺҶȥ·ȴ··ò࣬ǵӳסĵطиͤӣȥȴֻΧͤڴת
Ҹѯһº򣬵ټĿ򸮴ʱȴһӰҶŲԭ·أȴߵԷĵط
ǲӰԺܸڣҶƿڵţʣ𣿡
Ҷֻܵһ磬һɫӰںҶǰ
ҶŶԷڽӣǸǼġ
˿Ҷ˼ȴһԲ
һºôߣȥҲûƵҶܲ˼˵˿ڡ
˻һԲֻתԺӵţĬĬǰ棬ҶŴҪȥ첽ϣûãͳ˺Ҷǰ
ҶҪлȴֶԷһת۾ûӰˣ֪ȥˣŸղǲǲС˽ƵԺӣԷûһɫ
-
˵𣿡
ʲô
˵ةǸɵӷҲҪ
Ǹճմķˣ
ԣ˵ةˣôҲȢôɵӷˡ
˼ٳô˼ˣĸǲǣ
ѾЦŴȤһҶûһֻһ˵˵Ѹúˣȸ͹ȥ
Ѿ߽װյ׼Է
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣡Сش˽ͶѵѾӭײ˸š
ǸѾһϵӦȫ˳СһˣʱѾҲȻӡ
ҶһСôզզģҵ֪˻˵㡣
ô찡ǸѾ߿ɥ˵ѾôһݣûжˣҪǷ˹ǲҪȥϴ·ˡ
һһͬ˵Ѿ߹Ȱû£ô˲𱸵ġ˵Сһۡ
Сֻ֪ĬҶ·Ҷ˿ʳģһ۱㿴һԵ

ǲһʱ֮ٽƷ͸˰ɡ
ҶСϾ¥ˣⴳĻܲٲ۵򸮵ˡ
Ѿ߿źҶˮݷҲûĽֻɺҶš
Ҷæ꣬Ź˵СղŽʲô飿
СŤ˵ʵҲûʲô£ǺʦںѡʳģʺҶҪҪһȥ
߰ɣȥ
ѾһҶҪߣͼˣĺҶ⡭
Ҷǵĵǣ˵ҪҪһȥȥˣҪ㶫
Ѿ߻࿴һۣѰ˼򸮾ô󣬹ƺҶҲߣʾҪڳ
Ҷʼ磬ʾ˵ı㣬Ҷ˹Ҳǲ֪ĸԺСġ
ҶߣѾĿˡ
ǲǾ¥ˣôôĹ
Ҳǲ󡣡
˵ĿŹֵֹġ
˵ѱĲ𣿡
֪ܱûǿɡ
-
Ҷŵʱ򣬵ѾĸСϹϣμ仹ڶŵϵ߹ġ
ȰϹϰᵽȥ
ţáμĲɵӦ
ҶųŵѾߣϹϿ첽˻ȥ
-
صʱֻʣ¸ղѵѾߡ
ҶѰ˼ʱ࣬ͽ˺СƬڵĺͱͬһ
ԭӦСǵʱ䣬ôտתС
ҶһԵɳ©ʱ࣬ͽʢ
-
Ѿ߿˿ϵ̫첽Է
ˡѾ߾˸
ͥԺۻ˻֣Ѿ߽ŵһԵʯϡ
۾һʲô
ѾŵһӾ͹˵ϣˣҴˣԭ¡Ѿ߽еȫ˵˳
һ֪ǺҶĽˣȻ¥ĹΧҳҲա
˳壬ȱ˵ͷҲȵѲ
Ѿһ÷û


20 
ʮһգ컹δѾŵƽʣȴŸ͵ĵ
ҶҲ컹δͱѾߴӱ﻽ǵ·飬֪ˣصһѾߴźҶһ·ߵ
˳ʱ򣬺ҶҲϾ˼ģǴʮ־׼ⳡ硣
ǰϿʼҲַǷ󷿺ͶһµѣýϷҲ̻ҡ
̣񡣡Ʊ˵ϷһСϻӣϷ˽ӹһʱ۾ˡ
óһӤȭͷСһ֬񣬴ϸ壬ýϷ˰֡
û뵽ôؽϷ˹δõóֵĺԵõ˵Ρ
һľУװ˫ɰͼԢ⽭Ϸ˽ɰһࡣ
ϷȻ¶ϲ֮ɫʼĦϵ֬
ϵȻҲǸ죬ȻĻϲٲϲҲκʵѡòҲһοؿӣֻƼɫһٱ䣬еɸֵ˼
-
ǰİӿȻ
Ҳ̻ƣҪľҲˡ
μ䡢ҶСæýŲմأͿ򸮵ĳһͬ׼һЩˣڱϯǰҪʲ˿̫
˲ǰŵҲһһ
ܴŽƺͽſڽӴˣĳҪһүãϢӣŮǺߴӵƳ
ʱ򣬹пҲһͬˣֻǰŸ״˵ӣǰͽƹسֵܣֻܰ彭գգۡ
һһ֮ӡҺة֮Զռǵĳ٣ͣ˿ǰ̨ȥӭλҾ졣
Һͽܶ佫ȻкҲһ㣬һ֣ǰȥ֮ԶҲֻԶԶع˹֣кӲԸ֮Զйϸ
Һ˺ľǵ¥Ǹӣֱ۾գգ͵ضһҲûм˾Ҫ˼
֮ԶһĺѾ߲ӣںӼ֥˵Ľµ̨ף֥Ŀ͵ؿǰľżһ㣬˵ʲôʲô
ƶ֮Զͼ֥Ҳжţһ֪оԲ飬Ƿ
¼֥ϥ֮ԶƺҲԹԣֻǳϵĹԱҲڱ½
ƺ֮ԶеΪѣϾ˶˵֮ԶӸλź˴ԵġɵӡˣÿΰϯҪһʱ֮Զӵӣϯ໰ҲֻԹᡣ
ǽ֥ŮЩҷСҲԴ΢ʡ˶ϣ֮ԶܹԸ磬ÿÿ֥ϣʱҲ˲²⣬֮ԶֻΪԼ֥Ϊơ
˸µӣ̫ӺλүҲֻĺ֮⣬˶룬ʽϯ
ϯ޷ǾǸҹ˵Ž⣬ǰʤԼʱȥԣöɡ
þ޷Ǿǽ˭дʫ˳һĻҲ޷˭»ֻѽ֡
пߣһѹӵ󣬽ŽϷ˵ԭҡ
СĻҲ벻֬ˮһĻ⣬ʱ˵֮ˡ
-
ǰｻĶҲӦӲϾ塢롢ըμϵĶδͣ
ڣеȲ˺͵Ķȫμ˲ŵһڴϢĻᣬμһͣʹ
ҶźμĶ֪ʮ࣬ϻҪղˣȰ˵ŰѺμȰطϢسֵ
Ҷڳ˸£ǰӲ֮Ϣ
ʱ򣬾һաĽŲһɫӳ˺ſڣֺСϻըԵá̡죬мǵһء
Ҷ˱ˣһ۾ϳǸɫӾǵ¥ſɵǸСǽżﳤһͬ硣
ԷҲҶ֮ҪȾܣϧҶͼСѡ
ǸɫͻȻʹһҶպҶвĻӲغ㣡
ʱ򣬺ҶʵҲûΪ˼ֻ⺢ӵʵΣɼĺӵҴܣƽʱĽһע⺢ˣת۵ùĲ⺢ӵֶˡ
ҶǸɫ֡
ǸǺºҶԥԭزϽ
ҶҲ֪Է˿̨ϸղСҶӵĻǡ
͸ǡ
Ҷһ˵ǣӵȻźڰĶȿżһӳ嵽˺Ҷǰͺ֣ǡ
ҶֽóһŻǷŵӡԸԡؽȫˣǻм
˿ҶĴӣҪ
ҶҡҡͷСûҡҡͷ
һҶٸǳԣһϾҪ޳Ҷ֪⺢ӾǱ軵ģ漴ѻǷŻ̨ϡ
Ǹӵ۾͸Ż̨ͣϣȻǸ߶ĪģƾҪޡҶһӿޣܴ̬ȡ
˺ҶԲһ޾ͻЭһת֪˭
˭ʲôϵҶΪȻ
ϵСӣүүҪǰǸңҾүүǧٱǮ
Ҷһ⺢ӵȷ󣬶ССͣûѧ˺ͺٻӵѧʮʮ
ҲϡǮ
˵ô˲ϡǮһĲţÿǮЦĵʱ򡣡
ҶΪ仰ǶӸ߿˼֣˵Ĺ۲쵹ϸִ˼ңҲСǿɫ
ҪǮҲǳԣΪá
ΪҺãǰҪĶңٲңҽʰ㡣
Ҷ䣬ջظղŵ뷨⺢ӹȻΣδζһ
Ҫʰ˭һӣ˺
ҶҲһǰֲֹΪ֮һĽôᵽ
ںҶӳԻǵʱ򣬾͵ſڣֻźҶһûһСѶȦ˼ǰЩα̬ķ绨ѩ¸Ȥ
һҶһֻըëèĪʲô飬˽䱸״̬
ӣʲô飿Ҷʵ
¡
Ҷô˵һûͨôʱ
ԶɢƲһ仰Ҷһ£ŷӦڽԭ
ǹпضҪԾȵҵĽһΡ
㲻Ǹղվſڵ𣿡ͷŽơ
ƵƳһӣһۿⲻ۸̾ˡ
СүСү洫ֵ

һϽ˳ֻǸӣǰµؼһ飬Сүôֵܣ
Ҳ˵ֻںҶͽ֮תš
ǿ˺Ҷô㣿ǶǼүʲô
ˡ
ƵʶﻹһˣƸƵģ̻˼Цˡū׾˽ӡ
ƲؿһǸ֣򸮵ĵֲ̻
ǣǣūʹСү뿪ֱӾߡ
ӱ߱߿̨ϵĻǣҽԲסҵ֣´ٲ۸ߣ
ҶǸӵĻֵʺСӣֻǾöԷСԣûзϣӦûټˡ
ֳ֮Ǻ޵ҧгݣƽʱȴһѾͷϣһһҪ
ʱֻʣºҶͽ


21 
Ҷԥһ£Ϊ˻Σ̨ϵĻǣʽƣ𣿡
ƷֺҶƺҪҪԸǡ
˿ǣллˡ
ҶҲǱϾҲǸմϯˣεذ˻ȥϽ⣺ҵҵطϢˣʲôµĻ˵Ҳһ
û¡ҶεؿŽơ
Է𣿡ͻȻʵ
ҶҡҡͷСæڻûʱԡ
߰ɣȥԷת߳˳
Ҷԥһ£ǿ˵ﶼûˣǰµĻûڿ̫ܲá
ɢöˣ˵ֻʣºȾƵġ
ҶŽӦҲûƭıҪ͸ŽƳ˳ҶΪһȥԷ
û뵽ȴźҶߣ˺Ҷԥػǿˡ
ǸȥĶ
Է
ҶýȻദûмӣʱ˵ûͷûβе׽͸
ҵûԷһҪȥҶܲܶܲˣֻȥԷ
ȴشˡ
Ҷ˽һۣȻμȥˣӦûȥμһԷһȥҵԾˣͲ鷳ˡ˵Ҷſ
߹ֿڣû뵽ǽת˸䣬ԺҶ˵ˡ
·֧һ׵̯ӣһλү֧ͷ̯λϴ˯һķѳʡ
ǴүһжۣӴӣʲô㴵ˣ첻ǰϯôˡ
Է
Уǳɶӣλأ
ƿҶҶʾͽһҲʳ
Ҷү˵֪ĳͣҲû뵽ƵҲ˲˼Լݣ·̯Է
ҶҲ֪̯ʲôŴ޷һʳ
үǽѡ㹽ľ¹Ҷ˰Ҳǳ˵²ûԷĪҪֳڱоϡ
ֱŲˮһԺҶӵǸ¹ҶŷӦ̯ǲ̫
ƮҶ֮ǰûо̫ĺҶҲ⼢
ʱﶼɫˣѡˡľɫһ𣬻׺ĴжΡ
쳢ҵաүʱ˵
ҶҨһףڼ˳ĿڸУȴֻſУֵζζһ𣬹˸ӶصĿڸС
óԡҶһ˵
óԾͶԵ㣬Ļٸաүһó֣Цϵ޶һҲòͣصԭĵط
Ҷ߳Ա͵͵ƽƣԷŶͦűֱһһ͸õĽ
ʽηӵģ㲻žǽɢʱֵģ˴ҲԶ
ҶԵһɶʶӣֽƵҲǿˡ
ѵز˲ϽƵĿζǲ˵ζ˲μϲǰصԹζǿ϶ǲ˵ζ
Ҷĥǰλ˼Ҳ²͸ֱʡ
ӣҶ˶٣Է˵ϯû𣿡
Ե١
ó𣿡
ղԡ
ҶŴſҲǽŽϷ˵ϣʵҲṩһ罻ƽ̨˵ú㣬໥̽˵㣬žǸ̥
ŽƿͦԸģҶʳһֱеһ⣺ҿĴȫ·˭
ˣǰǽʿҵĻ
Էס𣿡
ؿһۺҶûУ
Ҷ˼ЦЦڸ·ˣСĵԷ๫ӣǲǵˣʱɫǺܺÿӡ
ᣬһֱ
Ҷʱشڻʳһֱ⣺˵Զҳӣ͹˹Ӷɻ𣿡
ʳȶҲһֻν壬ֱҲڵļ𣿡
Ҷû뵽ƾȻȥɾ˵ĻʵҲ֪γĳֿ̰ӡΪŴĶ˼Ȼʥ飬ضὫݷΪλһ
ҶҲ֪λ˽ⷬ᲻úͽƸ۶壬
ƴӻͳͭϣҶ֪غɰҲͳͭ壬Ǹүһⲻ͸𣿡
ҶƣҪýưͭȴòҶǷ飬ǷȥҲ֪ʲô
ү˶òֻ˵ǮҶˣ´Էѡ
һǰһƵ߻ؿֻǺҶ߻ȥ·ƺʱĳɲ·ֻɽƴߡ
ƽͻغ֮󣬺ҶСѾˣѾʼΪ׼ҶҲջ˺˼˼ʼͶ뵽һ׼ĳﱸС
-
վںſڣĬĬһ뿪
ŵСΪ๤:Ҷ㣬ˣӸղһֱվ
ʲôµģˣһҪԷ˯
С˶ǻǲһһ
ҶýƻӺμĲ޶ٲͬ۹Ҳʵ
ҵأ˯𣿡ҶͻȻôû
ûʦѾˣֻǽȹ
Ҷŷ˯ͷʱ䡣
-
ƻصԺʱ򣬷Ժôˣ
ôһˣʵǲ̫ˣҲ֪㲻ϲҲû취̣
û¡
-
ŽƷο˼Ʈʮǰǳᡣ
һգϯҲַǷʱպͽΪ˽ƵһܣϯϽҲǲӲǽǰҪԽԡΪʫ
ǸʱĽΪѣŸ׵κ͹飬ĸǳͣҡͷ͸¶һ˿ľ
ǸʱΪ˲˫ʧֻһƽӹ֮Ȼû뵽ΪͯĽƵʫͨŽܵӣϡϡعƳźá
ϯʣµֻви˺ͽܷŭʫʲô
Ƶ졣
ΪͲ𣿾㲻˵ķӦҲöˡ
Ҳᡣ
ҿǹģ
ô˵ƴΪ绤
ʶΪ𣿡ܺ޺޵˵
ͻȻ̧ͷֱǲͯͶôҪ𣿻ϹҲס
ӣôġܱ˵ҪһȹȥһԵסˣס˽ƵĶ䡣
ôҲӡŽŭ
ûĶӡܵӹָ©˽ƵĶ
ԶҪ˵˵ⷬ仰Žƿ첽뿪
ͽԭأһȭϡ
֪Ǹʱʼܶһ˿ϣҲȻ޴档
-
ƵӲĻ˻ҹúܺãԼҲҪúܺá
áһת۾ѾôĶ˵


22 
תۿϯҲһࡣ
ҶյæµΣæµ֮󣬻ڿסһڶյ˷ıͽһ˿ص¥
ҶҲҵһΣƾŬ˽Ǯˡ
ǰǮţԱʱ֮衣
-
μӿϯķֳӽ¥֮󣬾Ϳʼݼ١
ҶĳʦɳѵҲʱȫȨת˽Ҷһʼͦģѧϲ˵
ҶϲҪһк۾ȴ۵ֹ
ԭС»ûд򵹺Ҷ
͹ʱϻˮ͵ʱӹžҽ˳ǺǵζҶʶ밮ҲҪ۵ġ
ʱѧгɾ͸еһ£ĪˮƬһ裬Скĩ÷ڵ͹һ˲䡣
̵һ˲䣬ٸȿֺƬϱˮƬһ־
-
μϢڼңѰĪںǮƹ
ȥ˽ϿΣǱμڼ顣
ԭźμϢø̻ȥͼžۣ˵ȥҲȥũںμһ㣬⼸첻㹤Ǯ
иղˣμҲֵɣͰ˸ں﷿ſڼˣμζŷҪ͵ȥſڵĺμ䣬ֻ˻ȥ
ﱻμܵ࣬Ҷ;¥ʱСԺ۽ɸο˺˺۵ġ
ԭȥλϵĽﵽһ棬μȴλϿƾٿԽúζܴλϡ
ȥλͷμ䶼Ǻλ϶нӴֻúͺҶѷſڡ˵Ӱλϵķӡ
úڼֱ£˵δǺμģ·߼ġ
μ׷źһٴԺ˺üȦ֣ͣǸһԿȥȰ˼䣬μŰݡ
μúﲻڼ˵
-
ǮƹҲǶμܣԻҪලμ²˵зʵ߶úμջص¥Ҳڶ͹ںμʱݼٻѯʡ
ϺΣʲôʱ¥
ϺΣоʲô²𣿡
ϺΣϢˣ͸Ͻɡ
ϺΣ㿴Ͻ¥Ժһ¸١
ǮƹЩö䶼ҪӣƫƫǮƹ쳣ִš
ҶǮƹڼҲǴΪͷۣǮƹһҶһּҲ¥Ĵ·ڼҲڼӰࡣ
ǮƹԺҶķ˿δһҪΣźμǴ¿ˮ
ϺΣҸ㽲ƹҵˣˣǮƹžƱԺ˵ȨƵ˼ҵˣ۾Ǯƹ˵ָָͷ
㿴ɣôˣ˵ɾͲɡ
ۿɽұĿɽ£ɱЩƷԱ˰ɣǮƹһľȫˣһڿ˵ɫ
ˣȶˣˡμҪȥǮƹıӣȴǮƹһ㿪ˡ
û£һܺȣû
ͺҶڲԶ֣ĶԺҶ˵㣬˵ǮƹǲǾǼƭƺȣһͺȾƣÿκ˻˵һĻ
ҶǲÿɷֻϣμܴǮƹƵ￴ȾʱӰӣ֮ٺȵ㡣ϾȾк彡
ľűøƿˣһסڲԶĽһ̳˽
һˣΪ磬ôˣ
֮ǰݲ˺ˣ͹㡣
ݲʲô·⡣
һ֪֮ǰԷʱڿСǸʱ򽪴˵Ҫݲ˹ҶЦŴȤ
ߣ㣬֪ңﲻ˵Ǳ̳涼ʲô
Ͱ˺ܲϲ´ٸ㶹ǡ
һԵĺμ俴źһֱ̳ӣںȾƣҲһȵ㡣
ҲУҸ룬ݲʢ㣬¾Ʋá
Ҷ룬һʢ˺μǣһʢһ㣬ͺﻹи̳ʡ
ݲھˬĿڸУԼػܳ޵ĻĽζ˻ζ
뵽ƾ֮󣬻ʹ¥תƵ˽ϣ˵˵ȥҲڽղ˵飬úҶǾ֪ɢתһ˼
ӭײλϣԷﻹſͿӡ
ҶϴκλĵòǺ֮֮һֱæ¥ĸ飬Ҳûлλټ档
ιλȿ˿ڡ
δ磬Ҷصôˣӷſھͺˣȥõġ
ûϵܲ鷳ǡ
ⲻ鷳ҪԷֻ룬˫ӵ顣ҺҲϲǶܡ
ҲǸ鷳ˣ붼Ѿϴɾˣιﲻýȥ
δ粻ԼýȥҲڣӦҲþûˡ
ˣ⻹Ҫȥ顣
ҶҲ֪λϽ鿴ñ󣺡ſڰɣҳȥһȦýȥ
ôιҪȥδ
ûʲô͸תת
ôһĴ߶ɲȫ⣬Ҳιߡ
㲻Ҫȥ顣Ҷ˵
ɢᳬһӣʱ仹еġ
߰ɡҶʼ磬ʾû㶼ԣΪ·գҲߵúԶ
ҶԭżȻλҲһԣ֪һرʡö˶Σȴû뵽λֽͷ֮ǰ˲ɢĻȥ
ιջȥ֮жʷ飬ȴûзֺινŮƽȡ
ҶǺԸλ̽⣬ϾԭѧϰʷͳɳĲͬ
ɾòʵ𣿡
⣬Ůڣ˾ְǡ֡
ҶΣֻ˵ȷϲμӿƾ٣Ȼ״Ԫڣʥ취ŮӺӵͬȵλܾܾ𣿡
ιĪ鵱ʥϣοƾٵҲ֪Ρ
Ҷ˵λϸǶţ٣㲻ٶԣֻܼΪǿ˵δ绹ǰ鱾ļѧϰδһܸС
˵ʱǲǶ͸¶һҧгݵĸо
⻰λȴ˿ûо쵽ҶԣǸУ˺μҵĶ顣
Ҷ˿λϣλ˿ظκ¶УԲǲδڹٳҲǾٲά衣
ҶͻȻֻ֪ƾٿ£ȴ֪ĿƾǷҲǷΪԡԺ͵ֲѡΣ뵽λѯʡ
λϺɵؿ˺ҶһۣǲҶΪζԿƾٿƶİĽҶ
ҶһˣҵĿƾеڸ߿طпԣеԾ㼯ǣ󰴳ɼĸߵͽ
ƱݣҶ뵽ȴ治ٵıײҵϾִзɻ𳵺ͼֶѱԾ;ᱻֻ߳⡣
ҵĿƾٲҪӲ֪ʶҪ


23 
μڼϢµףŵʱҲѰûжҲֵɡ
ѮƾٿԱҪʽٰ죬¥Ϊ˳ӦгƳ˶ʤ⡣
ʤгʮĺָһθУӴٻܲ
ԭǳʱΪ˳Ķʤ⣬֪ʲôʱͱ˼ֻ߶ǵеףԸϣ
һʱ֮䣬ǼпļУڲɹǸ¥ķĶʤ⡣
Ϊ׼ʤҶҲ䡱Ͷʤ򽻵Ҷĸо಻Ŵ׷ۺ;׷ۡ
ص֮Ҳָᷢ׵ķ϶ﻹŰɫĩĺۼ
μ˵ҲŲɣúҶ¥鶨ʤ⣬ҶһͲµμǸλģŶܵҲϸ
μڼҵʱ׼Ҫλ͹ȥȴû뵽û͹ȥλš
μһλϱ˵Сΰôˡ
λ¶ѵЦݣ塣
ãҶ¥ʤҪ¯óȳԡμڵ˵
壬Ǹλµ˵
СΣôˣ˵ͱˡμ仹Ϊλϲ˼
壬ǣк˵
μһ飬̱λϣĳ˵СΣôˣⶼ쿼ˣǲѹ̫ˣɣôãһԿϵġ
λһһ˵壬ܸУҾýס
λϵĻμһʱҲûӦ˵ʲôף
ǡλҲμķӦһúιѾãƽֳɺչˣǴ˴ܹУضס
⡭μ¶Ϊѡ
壬Ҳ֪޳ΨһľǶ飬壬ҶҲеӣƸûʮ̧ʮ̧ҲԲιҶԺιõġ
ŶûʦʦҪϲˣˣɱ˹ĳһϲơпŶ룬ϻһֻѼһԻվŽơ
μһпͽ˲Ͱλһߣλӣôˣ
ⲻò壬ص㡣п˵ߵֻѼ
ƵĻп˵ˣŵ˸϶ͺʦкʦϯ֮Ҳʱ߶Ĳˡ
ǳϷϲˡ
λһһ࣬һ죬пƺûʶ˼ΪҪ飬ûûεںͺμ˵ʦôһˣ
ˡ
ãʦҲʡһġ
ҲڡƳѹпҪڷ
пֳλϵӣָղſںͺʦ۴£ǼҺͳƵεıá
λϸΣҪǡ
μҲʼյΣæ˵ȻˣԷɣҲþû¶һˣҲʶٳȥ˾ͻ
̫鷳ʦҺпһߡ˵
ⲻ鷳ұУŲߡСΣ˸סˣȥȥͻءμ˵Ųӳš
ֻʣţλһֹӣпǵһνţҴźμҵĸ֣һӡ
ҶصͿһҵռǼҵԺӡ
δ磬ӣ˹ӡҶһһʺãҵ͸أ
ӦóȥˣȥгҸˡλȴ
ŶǼλ
ʦǳԷƻش˵
Ҷ˿˵Ĳ豭ǱﶼûˮˣҸһ㡣
ȴλһιȥţУʦչ˺öλ
пλϵĶǶˣŬسŽƼüŪۣһ˾Եӡ
ɮ붨δпһ
ǿͣδ绹Űɣҵ֪ˣ˵ҵλˡҶˮӾҨˮŵϵտ
ҶӦȻĵһȥҲû㣬Ƿ˹õĶʤ⡣
ʳȻҪλ͹ȥģ˶ڲ͸˵㡣
пһʤͿʼ¥Ķʤǲǣ
ǣҴ¥ġ
Ҳˣι㶼֪жңпָŶʤߵǵĶʤÿһҶԱˣÿһҶˣڵģɳڵģʲôζСһͶǱ۾ԺﶼƮⶨʤ⡣
Ҷ͵һЦ漴ֳĬ˵á
пźҶͳŷӦԭֻԾһգȴû뵽˺Ҷ£Իҵơ
ιտʤ⣿ƿпҲ
ǡ
ô֪⼸Ҳûȥ¥춼ǻġпֳַµĹ۲
·зۡпźҶ·°ڣһԵİɫۼӺҶĴŴ׷ۣۻճ·ϡ
пҲпմģпܲ䵽𣿡
Ƴ˹пһۣ¶˳ôඨʤ⣬ûаӸֻܿܣָס
пʶؼľǺҶָףֻûпϸ
-
˽ӻĺŵһ۾ͿϷŵĶʤ⣬ҲûϺ˴к
㣬Ҷʤⶼˡ
ôûûСȽٸ㡣
μһʳջ£ǰ˺ã㣬ڸøˡ
ǿڹˡһһ̵ػط飬ƿ˹ǣŶʤ⣬˵ţǽˡ
-
μûþͺ͸һͬˣҹ˻ǽƺ͹пֻѼ
̸μ˵һ˾ͷҹͲһԷˣȥڼܴһպһ١
Ǿͱ˺Ҷæ֣μǾΥ³ռ˴һֺֺǣ˳Ϊƿϣ˶ȡúΡ
˳ԷμͷãӵؽѾذһ̳ӻƾƣžõĽá
ʦô֪ƾãһȹпǲ⡣
ҹȵġμش
пתͷ򽭳ƣһôҹҲû˵㻹ǲֵܵı顣
ƻؿһۣޱ飬ʶѾõĹпȴ㲻Ҫ¡
ʦҲܺȣұȳƻܺȣһȡ
̨ղ˵ĺμ䣺ϣô˺ȣ֡
ֻкҶһҪʼȾƣͿʼͷֻۣϣǽܹһ㣬պöȡ
źĻþûԵķˡ˲һʽ


24 
߲һоſѼĳԷһѼԡ
ѼִıƤϸıƤϻƹϺʹоһԣ𽴡
ѼĲǺ;ѿһͬƣɳѼ˿ȻμȡҶƺҲ˵˿Ѽ˿˿˿һͬƣһζ
ʣµѼǼѼѼӵζ뵽ʳ֮С
μ仹ˬɿڵ߲ˣ̸˿ľɽҩ
ΧһԷпһĲȣһٱʾԺμյĻ
ҶĿȴһʲô
¾Ʋˣͳģ㳢
ҶһӣԵԴӵζӱԴɳɳĿڸС
ڻǳʱڣҪʵŻóԡμ͵
ˮ¶ǣ֮Ҳ𽥿ʼпֵ˵ǺóԵ·̯
ҶмЩطŵ¥ݵʱһȥһ
Ҫ˵·̯ĻǿԱߵǸ񣬿ڸǽһ˳пڴ㼺죬ƺڻζζ
ǸóԵġҶڽһ䡣
ιȥԹпʵ
ţԹҶעڳԷϣûע⵽пŬظڿӡ
ιλ̯ĴүǲǺܺãǶ¥Ҳôֵģ
Ҷ仰ŷӦпƺ
ҶҲ̹̹үͦõģ´λȥôֵģô֣
˵꣬Ŀ۽ƣȴûϵԷ˵Ҵȥġ
һ£˶ʱضҶͽƵƮ
ţýӸƼģӾʹȥˡҶһٻ˵治ɫĲŽɻ˹ȥ
ֻλϵɫƺ𽥽Ӳ͵һڸ˱еľơ
пһζؿŽƣ֪ĽƴûôģöóԵ̯ӻǽƱпˣŴȥˣؾҪ⴫ɲ̯ļҹż
ﻹǱ߽ҲܺȾҲˣ㣬ôֺóԵģҲң
´Σ´ΣȥҶܵ
㣬ɸԼˣ´ɲһ˳Զʳ
μһĺԴû꣬Լ׬ǮԼԵ㶫ôˣ㣬һϢҲûС
ֿʼƫģλһ˺ƾơ
μпѯϣһʵҲͨʵҪӺóԣӦԸۺͶǣúи۵ʣкζ
пҲֻܸ̾ζҲֻⶨƲܳ
ҶҲǣʳƷ·̯СݶʣǷŵ¥ִ¥Եеͻأ
λһһƾƣһԵĺμע⵽ˣСΣһ˺ȣһȲŲ
ҶλǺɫ֪λʵǴеһһȰˣδٺȵ㡣
ȴû뵽λֱӾܾ˺Ҷĺ⣺ܺȣҺȡ˵һȥ
μҲ֪λ鲻ѣϾ֮ǰ׵飬ΪпͽƵĵжˣҶǱڹμҲԸͷҸʱ˵
ϣλϺȵòʡ£ſһֱš
δ磬㻹𣿡λϵļʵ
λץ֣ι
Ҳһ˲䳤һżΧƺҲûһ䣬λϣδ磬ѡ
ûλһѴ˺֣վſȥ
СΡμλϣϽ׷ȥźһæλͻؼҡ
úõһٷҲò֮пҲ˵ˣûȥˣﳤҪ߶
пһߣҲû¡
Ҷֻܽпͽ͵ſڣĿ˵ıӰԶŹš
ߵڣпʽƣ𣿸ղλϺʱ򺰵֡
Ƶ˵ͷ
˵λôһˣ˾ͱһˣôιλϵ顣
Ů鳤£ô֪
˵Ժιûһ˼һ˽⣬ǸԷ
ƺ˹пһۣпʶر졣
-
ƻصУͱŮ뵽Ժȥ
ԺУŽƵĵ

ƶˡ
ôʲô飿
ԥһ£Ǿֱл⣺ƶҲ֪ƾڼ⿼Ե顭
ģһῴŰġ
ҪŽ·˵Ļĳ˵
ҶšƺȰ
ʮֲʵҲ֪·ɵĻƱӦʵҲڰùνĵ͵ҲΪİ
㲻ҪﷳֻΪã㶼ôˣҲԼˣҲϣԼܺúõġ
Ҷ֪ĵغ˵
ǻȥ˯Ž˵
ŵŻһ·߻˷Ҳûеȼϵ򣬾һƬڰ֮УϣŶͷ
ͻȻӴ˽񣺡ӣҲһ
Ҫȥһ˽¡ƶźڰ˵
Ҫͬһȥ
ãڸС
ǣ˵ţִӴ˳ȥ
ֻʣ½һɴޱ߼ʵĺڰ˼š
-
ڽɽɽ˵Ϊ˿ڵĳģŻὨɽ
û·ͽɽҪ㣬ҲҪ߹Ľݡ
һŲɽʱΧһһͬǰµģﶼʻĹƷ
ΧҲƵƵĿͶ򽭳ƣ˳ڵ࿴ۡ
ƽ˽µţ¯Ʈûнֱķȥ
ûߵҪȥĵطһλɮ˾ס˽ƣ˳ƺһݣʩò
ƻһ񣺡ɰʦʺ򡣡
ʩҷɵģɰʦֱ롣
ǡ
ʩòɣȥμӷˡɰʦ˵
ǣ뷽ɴɽǽĳòˡ
֮ǰĸҴӣĶΪ
лɰʦҲҶлɣĳ͸ˡ
ɰȴס˽ƣҲﵽˣȻʩˣͬɰһͬһ档
Ǳлɰʦˡ
ɰڴŽ·ߵʱ˷ն˵ĳ
ɰ˵˵ˣô˵ͱˣ
˵ʲô
ӣӹ˶վ͸ˣ˵ĶΪ˲ɲıҵﶼˡ
ôִˣ
˵ǣһʱִԲˣҲȥˣһ⣬˵ҽԼǰķᡣ
ǡɰӦ¡
˵ֻصſʼ


25 
ƾٿǰգμص˲ٵĸԭֻɣλ϶С
μ˼Ƿԭ뷨Ǿλϴɣ׼ĩᶹ֮಻׻ϸλһȥ㹻ĳʳ
λԭ˵׼Уμȴͬ⣬˵ĲĸɾһҪȫá
ԺĿһҹֻܴСķͳԷҪڴ˴
ĿԣǶƽʱ߹庮ӵѧӶһּĿ飬ϾС˯ҲֻڼӲľϡ
μҲӲ˺ͺҶһλ͵Ժſڣ˵˶ܾλϿԵķӡ
ҶǲһһٷֵͣȻִķҲ˵ڣϾƾٿҲǰٷ
һչԺſȺвٱŰǰĿҲλǰ͵ġ
ҶҲΥؼ˸̣һĺºȹһѧرۣδ磬һҪúÿһܸеģ㡣
л
δ磬һܸ֪ʡλϵĸ첲
ˣˣ˵ˣСοȥɡμΪڳΨһĳ˵ף߶ţúÿ
ĿλϽ˹ԺȫһأʧڹԺź
̻źҶ˵˵ʺҶʲôʱпգ˵Ҫһȥ֣Ҷ¥̫æ
Ҷע⵽ǰĽƺ͹п˶ûд̣һʳУһ
ӡ˹ӡҶ͸̳ʺá
ι֡пڵʵ
ţҵҽġ
ŶпһζͻȻ治֪ҶǷ֪λ׼׵飬ǰ˼Ż˼ҪԵĿƾٿϡ
ףӺ͹˹ȡΡҶЦŶ˵
ιͻȻ˿ڣȡʲôΣ
ҶͻȻҲһ£⡭Ҳ֪λӶȻȥ
أ
ҲûϵԽ˵ֲֻпƾһ·ֲֻнһΣٿǡ
һԸͣӺ͹˹Ӷѧеĸ̳ضȡüѼ
ЩҲûκαʾֻԵص˵ͷ
ˡп鴦ϡ뿪ʱҲԽԽŽԺſȥ
Ҷ΢һ룬пʽƣ𣿿úãʧòãʧ
СͽʶĹпȻ֪ƵͻȻԸ飬ôһʡ
ƻ˵ͷ
У˾Уһԥпѵûٸʵס
Ĺƺ͹пʳд¼󣬶ԶͨУƽ֮ǰźҶվĵطһۣҶûпطֻںߵĸ˵
ƺ͹п뿪֮󣬸̾źҶ˵εķ׿ԽǶôӢҶҶ˼ƸղǲǸεĺ塣
ҶҡҡͷӦýҲһʣܰѽƵĻ
̻һੲݣҶΪ˴ĻǸٲȥ¥Ҫٵˣ㲻ǻҪȥͶ𣿡
飬ԭпͽƵϲҲȻ޴棬ЦҲ
Ȼȥˣп㡣̳źҶָ
-
¥ĺҶֽյҲû
˴඼Χһģ벻ľٰĿƾٿԣ׷Ԥ¥ĳܲܳһδĽһƷԱ
¥ֻǮƹüչһԳ̾˷׷Ȱ˵ջ˵ص㶼ڿƾϣ˵ȥԺſڿ֣걻ϳѧӻ᲻Լҵġ
ҶҲοǮƹ˵֮ƾŰʱ˵¥Ҫæлʦף磬ʱǮƹҪп಻ˡһЦŴȤǮƹ
Ǯƹѵ˸ôҶؼңֻ¼ֵ༴ɣΪʵϰĺҶȻҲڷżٵ֮һ
˵ģԭȥԺſڿһ۵ĺҶǵ·Ǿ
Ҷ̤ŵһɲǣϵưô꣬ҶϽܽ˷䣬ˮɴĵͻȻ뵽˽μӿƾٵĹԺĿ
Ԥ׽Ĵ꣬˳ܵĻȵڶ࿼ķǰٿԾԼǰЩ䵽Ծϣԭī
֧ͷĻڶѧӻžСطܱʼӣǰֽһƬհףһī
ɫսҲ𽥹˴磬㲻ϵʯϴܣ˲ǫ̀Ʒס
ֹ˴Լһʱվ
λγɡνľյҲΪǵԭ򽫿ʪÿʧȥʸ
һεյĿȫ˶һؿΧѧӵɫеɫеԵʧûüдꡣ
˶óʳдĸ׼伢˼ҵĺ׼˲侫
ƴʳУʳеʳλϵĻ򵥵㣬һСûУֻм鿴žͷɵıҲˮеˮͳ
ԭҪ׼µʳƾܾˣ˵Ժ²㣬һдӼ򼴿ɣ֪ƾҲûתأֻ׼
-
μ߳ԷŴ̾ƾôô꣬Щˡ
ˣδһȡúεģ˵״Ԫδ硣˵ſŻͼġ
Сӣ˵μ⻰Ҳ˲٣ҲҲûãÿĻҪ
ǣ㲻ԸҼ㻨Ǯҿķ³ǲӺμҪ㻨Ǯ
ûУûУڲ¥ϰ࣬ûǮ
ƭˣҿҽ򡣡
СǷǲǣȥ㣬¥Ѿ۵ˡ
ҶЦſһûһСýȥ˵ף֪˵˭ҵ𣿡
μȻҲûϵ̻ͻȻᵽ£Ҫ⣺̣ûݵĻɲ˵
ô˵׶ý˵ģ˵׶᲻Ǹҹ
μڷĻң֪û˵
˵᲻Ǽҹ
ôһ˵ҶŵһûǺסˣͿųɹת˸̵ע
ԣʲôû˸
Ҷˮһ߹ˮһ֣߰ȴӦҸʱһģɲĸ֮ý֮ԣϡͿϼ¾ͼˡ


26 
ƾٿԽգϵ̫ھΥ¶ڶ࿼ŵϵˮ߳˹Ժ
ʱԺſѾͣ˲ٵѧӻؼҡ
λ̤һɲǣ̧ס˴۵⣬ͷһ۹Ժȴں
δ磡ԶȴȺб˹δ磬ǧͷǷ˵ͷ˾ͻỹҪ˵˺öء
ǺҶڴ˴ض˵ˡ
λЦͷ
˵ҵ˵δ⼸ն࣬صȥгֻҪȡ
֣λϱ˹п
ﻹλϣδ磬ǧͷǹ˹Ӻͽӡ
ﵣλϻͷ͹пͽ˵Ͻλ˼߻дʵҽڣվһ㣬Ͳˡ
֣п첽׷λϡ
λ˿ԺҵĵطŷſпλϺòײŽס
֣ôʲô
δߵģδ顣λϻش
֣Ҳû£㿼ôпء
оãƽտݣǹֺͽأ
ɣҲͱʶһ¡пں˵
أ
СƵ˵ѣֽҲд
λϿһԵĺѾٵȵе㲻ͷпͽƸȥ
λԶпʽƣˣΪһֲд
ˡ
ôдģ
Ƴ˹пһۣдġ
ҲţԸºģһǲǣпһ˵ͣ
ǰȥˡͻȻ׳һţ༰Ļ
תƻ⣬пɲģͻȻعζʱµ˵ʲô
˵ĶΪ¶һѵõ΢Ц
ԣˣûâ¶ûˡ
пСʱһҽ̿ҵȴס˵ƽ̲Ǹʱ¶ضײ˵ѧҵõģӶԽ޲ڡ
һʱ䣬пŴԼĸ׿࣬ǸʱҲòܽʲôˣͬѡ
һΣô֪ڹпڻʱͻȻ˽һ仰
п룬÷ƴСʲô鶼ãӦֲġ
߰ɣȥ¥ԷпѰһ˦˵
ˣҪؼҳԷ
пһԴİѻؼҳԷ֮ԺֻźòװӦףһ£ȴ˶Ҫؼҽܳʺ
-
ƻصȻķ佫жʰãӦѾڵԷȥ
ƶôˣֱȥǰͺˣ´Žƣ⼸տˣԵúò
Ƽڲε飬ҲԥŸôڡ
߰ɣȥǰվߡ
л˵
ȴӱ˶ӵ񣺡ʲôԺ÷˵Ҳһ
μʹΣ𣿡
ǰԤ֪˶ӵⷬͻȻۿ˵ǰһӦԼߣ˺ܾãôϲ飬ҲһֱĵѧǼװ˵ףҲӦѡ㵱ʱСҲԼ뷨
֣ҪһƵͷ˿У˻
óĨĨۿˣ˵ˣܽôڿƾٵ鶼ǶˣȥԷɣ̷Ը˲ٺòˡ
ȵǰʱ򣬽ϷѾ˵ĵƶ⼸Ӳùɡ
ã̵ˡ
ϷƵģóص¯
׺ͽͽ͸¯͹ؿڸҲָɣĿڸҲڲ
ȵ£ܲЯƼͽ١
ܿھǣ״Ԫָˣ͸һʿҪﶪУȻ˵ȥȫˡ
үⲻǻպ󶨲ᶪġƼš
ƵǹһĨЦܵܶ鵹ǻУ˼˵ӵġ
һһȻ˽Ϸ˵Ĳãⶼʲôô˵Լӵ𣿶ұԷ
⳯Ž˵ֱڿ죬粻ҪϣǰԤף翼ȡ
ļ仰˵õˮ©ĸ׿ѣ̵ףѧġݰȡĹֱ¯ࡣ
Ʋ⣺Ȼ˵Сڣܸ˵Ȼˣܵܣ˵ǲǣ
ԭΪƻƽʱһװӣȴû뵽һ
ȳԷɣ˶Ҫˡ񿴳ֵܼİӿ˸Բ
-
ݳֵףμҲֵλףš
λһμҾŵ˼ɢŨζɨһȦֺҶڼҡ
μ俴λϴſڣСΣɵվŸԷ
壬ιﻹû𣿡
Ŷѽ첻ǿ¥Ӧæţףģһʱǻزģ㿴ڽҲûμشСãԺ÷л˵
á
ϵļŽɫ͹⣬̸һʢһС룬˺㹽Ҳ˼ζƾ
-
Ҷż羱Żؼҵʱ򣬾Ϳ͸һſںμſڰ͵
Ҷմ㿪ʲôʱ򣬸תͷҶ˸ơ
Ҷ˸Ժμ䷿ﲢû̫棬ΪСȣһ
-
μķμλ˵
СΰμĦŴȣοڲŲλϵӣ֮ǰ˵Ǽ°
壬Ǽǲͻˡλתʵ
ǸʵģҶҲ֪ģҲǲͬ⣬ֻԴ֮ǰ纮֮󣬾Լر⣬֪ɣ㿴¥ѧͽ飬Ҳס
壬θУúιܿģҲͱġλ˵
Ҳ˼СΣҲǲ㣬μ䳤̾һҵ˼ʹҶ˼ǷԸ޸㣿
⡭λ˼һ˲ˣҪǺιˣҶȻȥ⡣
СΣҲ㣬㲻ȿƾٷŰ˵μ˵
˹֮󣬶ǺμҵĶġ
û¾ȥϢɣ⿼Ҳ۵ġ
λμǣŵʱĸ̺ͺվֱãȻĹˡ
СΣȥˣεʵ
ţȥˣлչˡ
û£û£ﶼôˣʲô
λ߳ŵʱ򣬺Ÿ˵̣ʲôһֶû
Сʹˣ䲻ãˡ
ܵҶķ䣬λϺ͵̸ת˺ҶʺҶܷ³Ǻ¡
ҶȻиģĸǲȷֻܶԵܵ˵ҲİԾһҪȥҺμһġ
ֻһʧ뿪


27 
ڶ죬Ҷص𽫸ǰĸϣΪľҸͺμ̸һ̸
ҶŰͷǶųʡʮ͵ĺ棬ͻȻð˸ͷÿɵĹ켣һʵǶСڹ꣬ɵؾЦˡ
μһ𴲾ͿҶ̨æµţ͵Ѽת̣ٽݲ˴Ӹʢ
ôˣ¥ʲô飿μ俴æµĺҶʵ
ûʲô飬л˵Ҷ˵ŻҲУӹ
μźҶ緹ߣ˵ɣʲôҪ˵Ǿ¥̫ˣ벻ˣ
ǡҶû뵽μ룬ֻίʣʲôʱ¥
ûãʱɣٿôҶӣ
ûУǸδ˵ʲôˣǿƾٵ飿Ҷ̽
Ŷ˵Сΰûʲô£̸̸ģ̸̸ģԣ
μ˵ʱҲƮûһ㣬ǿ˵Ļ˶ܿμ䲻ó˵
׵ģҶֱ룬ֱġ
ô֪Сκ˵ˣμ˲ɴ˫ۡ
ȻҶϣλϹȻ׵ģˣټҲûãֻʺμô˵ġ
μ佫ĶԻ˺ҶҶŵĲŷһ롣
ҶӰʵҾСҲͦɿģҪǿǣҲǱ㣬ϾҲûţҲ֪СοΡ
ҲӦġҶᶨ
ûһƲ飬μҲԸͺҶΪִҪˣ԰ɣȳԡ
μȺľҶҶźμ̬ȣֻܰԭ˵Ļȫʻ˶
Ҷ֪뷨ҵûмҪ޸λϣֻǻ˼С
ҶҲֻܱһһ̬
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̻Ի͵ĹУֳ˰ϱ˴οƾٵ״
±ϹϾ˵ϣ˴οƾٸвμӵѧӹʮˣԤ¼ȡˣĿǰԾӸʡзǡ
ڸλ۴̧ͷһŹŭ˴Σ޲пѺ;е֮鷢
һ̹˱ĵϣػϻ˴;Ѿϱɻ֣ضžƾһ󡣡
䲻ؽţػ
ŲΡΡشӵذ
ûǴĻĶӽйʲôǲҲμ˴˴οƾ٣
ۻ䣬µֲҪ¹򣬰һ£ǽйпǹԺμӿƾٿԡ
ǲǿǸСҲμ˿ԣ
ǡϷģ˴񲿶᲻ƫУԹƽ̬Ϊ͢ѡ˲šû뵽۾ĳλӵܣֻڴٶȵرģ۱˽׵顣
ҲƵģĻشҲսսûʲô飬°ɡȵȣ
¸˺Ľ˻ϣкηԸ
¥ˣ
ᣬô͸պôʶػϵĻ¥˽⡣
ŶͻȻ£ƽʱȥǶԷ𣿡
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æڿƾٵն񲿺ͼУδʱȥ¥½˵̬ȼѵرҹڹ˿ûзɡ
Ż¡
ߵ⣬һֽٺĻ㱸У¥Ϊ˿ƾٹ½ԱϯʥҲⴧȵġ
׼ظȴû뵽һԸס
顣ܳ´Իб骡
ү顣³˹Ҿ
˵⼸æҶûлءһͶһά
ûУûУҲ֪ĴԣųϾڵ⣬˵ĽӴƱػᴫ۵ĶУλʥϣǵĻȥ
飬ߣ骿˵Ƕصڴ˴㣬ȥǲ߱˵
֣ʾߣ¼רž޿ɱܣҲֻӭѶϡ
֪λҺ£¹װ֪
˲˵Ҷ֪鸺ƾٵ飬Ҷ˵ȮӶμ˿ԣ֪˿жš
⽭ܹȻӣ˵ҲĨǣŸղʥϻ˵ĺӿΣȻûд˼
ȻϾλӶǵĽܳſٻһ
ܺ͹˶һۣ骿˵Ȼ֪ǵʱŰ֮ǰɷͨһ£֪ҶȮӵĿҺͺү޴񲿵ֻǰУԴ˺
һΪ˴ӵĿ֮飬ܾȴû뵽ֻΪǰһ̽ҲҪ֮飬ͬΪٵϣҲ˿ڣӦ
֮ͬ󣬹骺ͽŷԻظ
-
ʱĿУƵԺпΧŽԷһͬȥ档
пԡϡ˵μʫᣬƶ޶ԡ
п˵ÿڸԺҲûˣؽ豭ˮһѲ豭ʯһţⶼˣ㲻ҳȥŷŷôûһĶģУò״ӿƾнų͸ҳȥߡ
רעؿ飬ʱһҳ
пƿ棬չȥһۣȫƪſȥ۵£ĵڱҡҡͷ
˼žĻƵעϷŵĵͻȻ⡣
ˣ϶ͬģпʱѣȥۺϡ
ڴ̧۸˹пһ
˵һû˵꣬пû˵꣬п;ܾ˵ȥźˣźʵʱˡ
ԡδ˼ͬ
пһ⣺Ҿֻ֪ҪǹڳԵģͻӦȻû
пȴ֪ƴʱ˼Ʈ¥ǵõʵźضҪ͵¥һȫź磬Ʒźʵķζֻ֪ʦǷص¥
һ뵽µĽƣͻȻ
пͻľٶҲǾˣʲôȥ
ˡ
֪ƢԵĹпֻܸϽ׷ȥ
һ·ؽִСֱһվ֪ͷпŻعĿĵڡ


28 
ƺ͹пһվ˺μҵſڣֻһϿһ
пԹ֪ʦҾӦȥ㶫û뵽ȴ˱Ÿ
ѵʦѾ¥ˣûпһ˹š
ӡ˹ӡŲŸղ߹Ĺ켣˹
μʺãμŸϽţš
ʦôûڣпһȦȴ˭Ӱû
һڷŶĺμشһ߿ǻش𣺡ⲻҲȥ¥ø̻ϼҴһӣӣЩҲӦù
Ҳǣʦд¥пʳĵ⡢
ʱû㣬Сһ㲻ʡģǰӻҸ״˵Ͽ˯ֲܸһȥ˽ӣǳͷˡ
ҿﵹǸúöġпӿڡ
ʵʦпǹúȥѧ䣿ƿ˿ڡ
ѧ䡱ַ·𴥼˺μ񾭣ɫһٱ䣬ջǿ˿ڣϲҲ˳ѧ仹Ƿֻ̫ϣƽƽģϾҾôһӡ
пⷬһУźμưѡӡ˵ˡӡ
˼ؿ˺μһۣŴźμҲֻһʱʧŻ˵
ǶǰĿĵĹпʦҪȥ߲ʵźʱ֪ɷ鷳ʦ
ƽʱλôչˣС²ʲôμˬشӦ
-
׼ȥߵĵգƺ͹пμſڡ
û뵽ӵ˲Ǻμ䣬ǺҶ
ιʦأпʵ
ҶֻܽǮƹһ͵ͲǼҸóһ֪˶ˣʧԼ鵽ʮ𼱵ĵزŻôһ
ҲǱĿĹӽǣ¥飬΢һ١
Ҷѣŵʱμ俪šŸһͼǮƹ񼱴Ҵҵˣﻹ˵Ǻμ䲻ɡ
μֻüҶһӺ͹˹Ҫȥ¥һͬȥߣʧ˼ſڡ
ֻʣվԺﻹû˯ѵĺҶһͷˮμûȥʲô
ƺ͹пʾ⣬ҲκһˣֻúҶ
ҶˣҶĶ棬ҶͻȻһʱ¡
пԼҪȥºһܣת˺Ҷע
ºǵĶɽ£ԡºڵʱǷۺͺŵĺɻﶬƬĿݺưںһ¡
Ҷǵʱ䣬ֻŰķӣȴδйƬ̵ϾȥԶĵطֻǹԺͿεʧΪһϢľѻᡣ
ӺμҵºҪһʱңڹпȻŴȴǸϸģڳ׼˲ˮġ
ųûг緹ĺҶ˵ģ΢е㱥У˯ӿ΢Ƶĳ˯
ںҶĽƣͿźҶͷҡζᣬǴ˸ҪŵҶĲи֧ŵ㡣
ԱȻ£ƺе󣬲ʺϣѰǷпúҶĶ
пһؿŽƣ뻹ĽƣָźҶߵĿλʾ⽭ȥҶͷϡ
Եص˹пһۣڶס˺Ҷͷͷ
ҶͷŰںҶĶ棬Ŷ˺𽥱ء
һôϸϸؿҶĳ࣬ǰ֪Ҷ㣬ȴûֹüҶϸСɵıҲͦΡ
ͻȻ֣Ҷμ䲢񣬶˵ŮһЩҶĳƺԶһ˵ҶƣֻԺδ׽˵
пƶźҶҲ㿴óˣһ͵Ц֮࣬ŴӲ黨ĽҲмһ죬ֻǲ֪ҶԽǺ˼
ֹ˴ԼʱͣºĴ޴ǰСѽһ׼
Ҷѹʱ򣬷ֽƺ͹п˶˳һʱǣ԰ûô֪˯ˣû˯ˮĵز
Ҷƿ˳Ŀɽˮ续ɫĿ˵Ҳͣ˰ߡ
ƺ͹п˴ҶҲȹӽ
ϴʱ򣬽ͻȻع䣬Ҷһ˲˼ǰĹпҲǵһץסƵ䣬󷽷ץȵ˴ߵвĵɿˡ
˶Ž⿪˰ڰߵôڰһ˳Ʈ˳ȥ
ԶҶӰأǵĴźķȥ
þûˣȾ£Ҷ£ҸһʫƷһҵˮ׼пһҲв
Ȼ£ȥź
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ҶתͷĬĬЦˣźƯŵӲݺɫˮɫΪһС磬ͻȻҲС
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ʻ̵ĺҶеĺҶϻ׹ˮ飬ҶҲǶ䣬ʢ
һԵźСæµͣѾĸźΡ
һǾժµźȻȥһʵġпҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷźȥȥҲǲס
һһֱĬĬԵĴҲ֪Ϸ˸ƣ˵ʣǲ
ƵлӹĬĬؿʼȡɫƤŵӣٽƤȥֱİɫӾͳ˽С
˳ֽӵݸ˺ҶҶǰֻ̯ģȴδԹҲûرŨζֻ˸оɿڣʺϵϾʱǲʳ
˶ĹпѰ˼ŽӦҲˣֻ𽭳ƷһԵİ
˰ҲԵУĬĬת˴ͷʻ˰ߡ
˰ߣǰǰСѾɹõźϴ׼ãȹпͽƹĿǰͻء
пһۣԸС˰źͻ鸮Ϳֻʣһ㣬泵ȥ
һԶԺҶ˵ι߰ɡ
ҶؿһԶľɫתͷ˳
ϳпͿʼƤضԺҶ˵ιԭʦ˵ҪȫźģڿҲˣȥŰݷá
Ҷ˹пĻлҵ˵ҽ첻ȥ¥ǲĻǳԵġ
пҲڣһֵ̫ˡ
һԵĽҲǲ֪Цˡ


29 
Ҷڻؼ֮ǰг򿪣żĲҲˡ
ںҶ³ǰпݸ˺ҶһӣҶҲУǮ⣬Ҳֻ˼ͭͼӡ
Ҷڸ̯ӲɹһջķᣬصĺҶŽСˣŵµС
ȵ֪ͣſڣҶһŻţ֪μ仹δ¥
һ·ĹпȴŲС˺źҪΪһԶԶģһ߳źμſŲ
Ҷȥ࣬ȴпһڻؾʾ⽭ưæ
δһ񣬾߽˺μҵļš
ͽпһˣԱƽƣ˫Ų˫ֱˮƽ߽˺μңŵ̨ߡ
Ǵʱ˳пҲ󾡻٣ڶ̳Ϊǵ̸ʡ
Ҷ̿ʼæµ׼ȾҪźϵȫϴƤ
пװģʺҶιʲôҪæ𣿡
Ҷһָۣһˮеź˵˹ӣҪȥϴ𣿡
ˣˣιǸǼҲͦúȵģҲ֪ʦġп˵űŲ˼εЦ뿪ˣιͽƶԸ˵ķʽһޡ
ҶĶҲδͣľݷ׼źƬһһС
ͬʱҲŴǰϾ˵źζŴź
ҶͷѾ磬ǾֲˣϾ⵽ºһһȥռʱ䡣
˴źĵزҶźǵɫıƤȥ¶۽׵ź⣬ҶźǸղɵģҲʡ
ǰ¼ƬʱЩղժʳﶼֱӳԣҶҲ㳢һ£һСƬźˬĿڸУ𳴹ź΢еɬ졣
ó𣿡ƵںҶ
ûŲĺҶһ漴Ҫ𣿡
Ƶ˵ͷҶһСƬݸƽӹһ£ͦ𡣡ŲźҶղˣ߿ˡ
пһԿ˵Ļȴ΢СĲǽ濴˺ιƿʱܱûȥ뷨ܴݸˡ
ҶźƬгɺƬٽƬźƬһΪźƬ·жϣٽƹ룬ٽȫ͹ըýƣըźбˡ
ȴСըź֮⣬ҶǴźһݷһݲҲˣһĲɫͷףϸûð׷ղܡ
пһףŻҪҶ׼ȥæȴסˣӹ˹пе룬Լһͬȥ뷹
Ҷܵ˶˵Ŀ϶еϲãԺ÷ƺ͹п˶˵Ҫæϴ룬ҶܾˣʾҪæݺõŴףźС
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ʦżҲһס˺ҶĻͷΧ֪ʦ¥кμ£
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ǣ³Ű񡣡п΢˼һ»ش
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Ǻʦ겻Ǹʥ˲˲ų𣿡пʳ˺Ҷеʡ
⵱Ҳɣ˵ʥ΢˽ãʱҲ֪ۣǿ˰ҽйȥҾͿŻȲֻΪļҹˡֱϻع󣬳ĳλ󳼶˵һ죬λ˹һʮʮ٣Ŵˡμ佫һȫ˵˳
ԭźμ˵µĺҶͻȻΪ׼źŹŵŹǣֻܸϽ»ص̨ߡ
Ÿղſƺ͹пõŴƺжģź͵ĲٺҶϿһҶŴ׷ֻźղû⣬ֻܴպЩŹ
һԵĶԻڼưοʦſģʥϽһҲջصأЩ׼
Щ¥Ҳǰ׼ϯ⹬϶ල¥⡭μڲŸ顣
ʦȻǮƹЩȻȫĿҲʦģʦֻҪ׼ʳͺá
һνǲһ棬ֱ˵μĵ̫࣬ʵֻҪĳʦĹ´󼪡
μ˽ƵһҲéٿ׹ʧֱӱʧ
ֻǺμñδ˿е㱻ӣֻܽ˵Ҷڣһߵ̨ߡ
ĺˣҶʡ
ţμܵػش𣬡ʲô
Ҷ뷨һһһ飬μ·𿼹ٰص˵ͷ˼»εúҶһͬǰȥҶ֮߳ʦ·Ҳδ·
-
ͬʱʹУͬڽ۵ѯʡ
Ƕźˣ
ظʵĻѾ¥Ըˡ
Уϯൣ㣬Щɿڼǵñ⣬ЩһһԴ˵
վһԵΪۿеĴ󳼣ֻеͷĳ̶ȣĴڵȻᱻۺӡ
԰䣬޼ǵǲмɿڣ
۵㵽Ҳһ£ԥſ˿ڣɻϺ񰮣ǵóļɿڣȷˡ
꣬ʱЦŶ˵˵ʲôһɼסˣʱ¥ʳɱˡ
ˡػ
һԳϻ̳Ͽ֣εºۺ΢СڵһԣҲẬȥϾΥ
ۻʵ⣺εĿƾٿܰʱŰ񣿡
ʥϵĻλڼӽģһ̿ӱ޴ͽʥϹĿ
ˣСɻ¥ܣʵ
ŻͬڣȻҪͷƤ⡣
ǲƹ˵ȥҺʦȥڿ졣ʵ
ν׵Ǹʦ
ǣƺǺʦŮҲ¥£Ҳĵúʦ洫
лҳĶԻһԵԥǷӦиˣӰ˵ĸ𻰡
һᵽ˳ʦŮҲʱȱȱʾˣ˸ˡ
˵ţһ˵飬˴ϯҪ񲿶Э鷳Դ˶ˡ
ĻⶼӦġ»һ
µȥıӰȹµȻֻ¥¥飬˦˦ͷʼҵҲһССԱܲ͵ġ


30 


ʮ Ŵź
ȵؼҵʱ򣬿̴Ӽе̴Ʈ˳
ߵſڵʱ򣬸Ƿ˵֮ǻ
ʲôóԵģƿŵĺ￴ƺ͹пڣֻܽĻȥ˴кǾǼҵƵδˡ
ԭǲԣнƺ͹пڣܲڳԵ̫
ͽƺ͹пһĺֻ̨ܵ߶μְţ˽ѧĿҵ
ﹾţҸ˵ˣҲδ
ȴδμ佫ĻһŭһСˡҿƽʱǸ̫ˣǳԱ˳ŵģײ
μ¿˿ߦȾҪȥŵþƺ͹п㣬߶㻹߽
ߦȳ嵽ƺ͹пĺμʶʧֻЦţλӼЦˡ
˵ŷߦȣ֣˵ȻԸ˵λ˵˵λӶѧʶ֮ˡ
ŶˣôˣҪȥδ𣿡⣬Ҫ˳ȥ
û׼̫ˣδˣܲԡҶźŹ˵
ŶáΪҶĻֻܱԭλ
μһҶ⻰֪ҶǴҪλϣС΢΢ϧһ¡
ź΢ɥӣҶ˺ȥû¯ŴźŻһ㡣
ҶӹóŴź̶ǩȥŴѾȾ˺ɫĵĻźƬ֮ɫ
ȻźƬ֮󣬷ֺǵɫδȫ͸źڲֻںıԵ΢΢Ⱦļ
Ҷǰʱ仹ãֻܽкõŴźװãٽŨǽɫֻȫĹ򣬺ҶӦڼϿûйǽǲŴźľѴ䡣
ҶŴź˹пͽƵһ¿ޡ
μֵȻҲ֪
Ժ÷׼ȥѼһλϣ·ʱڵĻЦһ¾˹пͽƵ
ԥҪҪŽȥҲֻĬĬվһת뿪ˡ
-
ƺ͹пǰҶŴźװʳ
пЦ˵ιô˼ֳõġ
ҶҲ֪пֻԵĿףʳǮɶǹ˹ӳģ𣿡
ֱӽпĻնлʦͺιˡ
μͺҶֻƺ͹п͵ڣȥˣϾﻹһѵĹưʰ
пŻţƳѣСʳź
ǲǵҹ˺ιһģп˵ģִ绹еġ
Ʊ㲻ٶԡ
صʳԷȥ
ԭŽߵŮ뿪Էͨ˽ȥ
廨˲ŷ
ôʱˣϢٴŵ𱸵
ﲻҲû˯˵źʾߵŮӹŵȥ
ʹˣҲˣЩôһЦ˵ˣûվҪŰˡ
ǣﲻõģ˵һʱ֪ͨġƺ˵
Ҫ߶ʹˣ¡
ֺĬĬһҡҷ⣬Ʒýķ˵淦ˣҪȥϢ
ŵڻ谵ĻϣвȻƺһֱΪ˱ĸ׾ȷľôʱһֱΪĽĸ顣
ĸڼҲҪƹҵĴСֻǰûбԹһ䡣
Ϊ飬͸׳ܲϵӣܿĶĸ׵Цݡ
-
μԺҶźͺһϴ롣
㣬ǲǶδʲôδˣȥ˵ߵ˵
Ϊô˵Ҷû뵽ûͷûԵķʡ
ҷֽƭңӴȥŴźǻж࣬ŹҲж࣬ΪβδԷ
ҶҲû뵽Ϊ˶λϵĽڻᱻشǲ
㣬Ҿδ磬Ǹתһô˵ţƫͷ˼һ㣬ѽ˵Ҿδϲ㡣
źһԵ˵ĻҶû뵽񣺡˵˵δң
ǣδ翴˶һϴκʱҺ֣Ŷ֪汧ƽ㣬Ҿδͦõģôģ
ҶĬһû뷨ҾúǮǻӡ
㣬Ҳ̫ûϢˣһδи״Ԫ̽״Ԫˡ̽ˣ⣬ҿɲڵĸ̰ƺȥ޸ҫ档ƺѾʼδ
֪ʱʼĺμͷСӣɻҲúøɣ֪죬ﶼװЩʲô߰ġ
Ҷͺμ丸Ӷ˵׷սֽһ̱ʾϾϴˣúϽطϰΣŻˡ
￴źҶڵϴıӰʵǷ֤ﶼܶĵҶ᲻ŮǲԸʵֻܽȰ˵Ļػ
-
񲿵ĸУλԱæŷֲԾ˻Թš
˵ľӶ۵ģҲġ
˵ʲôСˣҪ𡣡
˵Сëëŵģһˣͻ˼ҵһ
ҲûñԹҲһ𣬡һԵͬ˵ˣ˵ˣˡ
˲ûָֻһڵϵĺۼλ˶ˣ͵ɡ
ƲҵĻ飬ֻԹٳڻһŸԶ뿪˸á
¼˶˼ңҲپ׼ȴƳϵһԾ
ҵĿƾֱ׼ΪұȼȼַΪ¡λٹͬľɼܿۺɼճɼ
Ծĵȼλֱˡϡ¡͡¡յĵȵǡϡ˿ɳɴġ
ͨƪ۲ŷ֣Ȼ²㳤ʤԼߵı״ҲԣŭЩѧĳɼ
һݾһɫġСȻдùȱ˵
ٿԾ֣ǵһδ뵽ơֻڡϡľϣ˴Сʱ츳ĴԣģȻܵǷЩè塣
һݵľǡλϡ֣¶Դжţ˵ƶӵܣǿƿ˵һ㲻˶Ըѧʣ⵹Ȼ
ֻŵʱȫгҲ֪˻ηӦȳʵǴӦҪԼѵѯ
˷ŰգЩƿһĶ
´ϨϷŵţ߽ŨŨҹɫ֮С


31 
Դ齻¥֮󣬺μֻص¥ʼæµĹ
̻δϼһʾ
ȻμúûԼ޷죬ֻһϼң븣̻̾ûʱҲֻչˡ
ҶҲʼںμͣæµţֻΪöʳ
Ǯƹ˵öʳҲҪ㹤Ҫ񲿵ԲˣٽʳʽʹɻʹеʳᣬʳĿղŻسʵǰȴġ
ȵ統գȻ¥ĳʦףʳɻԹۿмලֹڲ¶
ЩĺҶֻа࣬ŻʼҵĹޱɭϡ
ҶǮƹ֪ӺδóһݷƵֽţ͵͵ضźμͺҶ˵Ҵ¥ĳҳģſʳĲο
ҶƾɵĻֽֽ϶ѾƶǱ治ġ
ʳһúҶͷˣȫһɫĻˣмѼ⡢㣬һӦþĳ˼Ұ趨Ƶʳ
ֻӺҶִǶҪǶͳЩûþҪΪߵȥҽԺбˡ
μҲʳʺΪοΪ˲ɨǮƹˣǶǮƹ˵Ǯƹ˴æȥ
ǾͺãǾͺáǮƹһ㣬ŲɵĿ뿪˳
Ҷֿ˿ǷݱŵʳеʣȫǻˣΨһ÷ʲô
÷＾ĲˣҪɽɽ魶гɱƬٷһԣ˵ܳԳ÷ζ
ܳԳ÷ζ𣿡ҶλδŵĳԷޱȺ档
ˣԼԾ֪ˣμƺǱʳţв͡Ƿʳ૵˵Ҳֲ̫ˣ绹Ҫϸһ㡣
˵껰ĺμȥǮƹ񣬴һϯǷʳĵĽǷǴҰγǣֻܴɽ亣ζ
һӲ·ĽźҶ˼վǶʲôأô񣿡
ʳˣ磬ҵûһȥ𣿡
˵ˣҾܾˣˮƽ¥ãȥˣֵˣͱˡ
磬ɲô˵ҲĲ˵Ҳ¥ŵ֪ڡ
ŵ˵ҲЦˣҲٸҶȤʼæŽ׼
ҶҲ֪μ᲻СһǰȥСʶһִ棬Ͼ̬ȶǰС¥δĺ
ҶҲĬĬ˼ʳ
-
¥׼ݱؽţʱҲûţæ˿ƾٿԵ飬ҪͶ뵽ϯ׼С
¸æýŲմأ˶ſձԹ˵ĳˡ
ֱƾٿԵķŰȫг²ѵõпȿ˶ڴ
¿һ˵֣ȻȻƺλϵȻռϯλһĳλĹٵĶӣȻпλĺӵȡʵס
ȻǵͱԼʼѰҹпִ֣ڶʮĵطȻ㲻ٸߣŹ骵ּӳ֣Ҳֵ۲
½ԵɨһۣͷԸӱ޽͵СԭζŲ֪ۿ뷨
빬źһ·ֱﵽ۵ϡ
ŻɫĳߵϣԵĻƹ˵ƾٷŰˣ
ʥϵĻѾˡ
޿Щѧӡ
һЦˣߵĻƹ˵СӻǳϢСʱͿǸģⳤ֮ҥɣ޶ţ㿴Ȼ
ǣϾǿ˲šƹһԸš
۵Цһʧˣ뵽˲飬Żʹ˵½ޡ
-
µõۿͽ·ϣȻǿƾٷŰ飬ֻ֪ڵ
²μϣꡭ
»û˵꣬ͱشˣ۽ϵʾһ£漴ϣ˵˵ɣʲô
޶ۣ֪ʥָʲô
ôŵģ
ػϣȻǰճɼŵġ½ͷļͣҲ֪һ⡣
⽭ƾͿôãλǺˣ
ڸλٿԾ֮ҲλԾɼȷУλĲȻδĶ֮šλǺӵܣʵס
ƺڳ˼ţͻȻ˻ƹ˵ųȥ𣿡
ΪοƾٸڶϼӰѿأȻ׵⡣»ش˵
ýƹô竹ӵ֣ͻȻ״Ԫжţ
⡭ͻȻԥ˵ĪӵԾڣסλѧӵĿڣ
ܿһһݾӹ֮ڣȻѧӲҪ񲿹Ծܳе𣿻̫ˣ
Ȼʶƺ˵̹ڵϣǳ˼ǲܣʥʾ¡
θˣǸĹٵĶӵ״Ԫλϰۣ̽Ҳúѧ֪ƾʽΪЧĺûᣬͻȻһת÷춼޷סˡ
½ͷڵӳ˵ıשϣּ
߳Ĺʱ򣬸ܵϵ¶Ѿȫˮʪûеһʱ֪ͨܺ͹骲ȻҲϡ
ֻ뵽״Ԫ̽£һСʯͶƽˮ漤
-
ص񲿹õµĹȥдصİ񵥡
⡭ԥ
ҲǸմӹҪ֪ͱˡƣ̾
ˡ˵͸ˡ
ֻʣһ˳̾Ž۵ĶԻûǵƵ״Ԫ֮
οƹܽǽƵ״Ԫôͷֱ۶ձȨպǶмɵ
λ佫ҡֱϣЩĹָԴ
ſƾٵæ꣬ҪͶ뵽׼УҲһͷ
ӦòٸҸȥкǶһ⡣
-
ֱȥһˣнпθ˹骡
骶¸ǧл˵û뵽ӻȡ˳ɼһֱΪǸ˵ֻĽ֡
˵˺һͨпƽоҲĲɵš
ˣǺүҵĽƿΣһ⡣
ͦãǸ̽
Ⱥ£ӦüߺүߣϽֱƺȺȡ¾ͳ˱
㲻˵п£ڿܾѾڿſˡ
ͻȻӦõһʱ佫ԼӵϢ¸ǣ˵пնȾơ
ֻܿŹȥıӰһһԸ񾿾ôλõġ


32 
ǰʱ򣬽һߵ̳ӭӡ
飬ˣܶе˵һŤͷͷԸϽд͡
үҲ̫ˡ˵
ǿͣԴ˴˷ǴϢȲʵ
˭ûտ軹ûܾͱ껰Ȼ͸øˡ
ǡѾĿˣ͵ŷŰˡ˵
Ҽ⡭ϢãܼŴ¿ʳһ
òƲƲϵĸŵĭȻԵõ˵Σ̽
Ľƺֻһ˲ϲã漴ʵ״ԪͰ۶Ǻˣ
үȷŰգ֪ˡ
Դˣαأҽĳֲǿڷ粻ˡڴߴ¡
ߺүҲ޷״Ԫǳɾͣɱ޵ĶӣǺѧλϡ½κг
Ľɫһٱ䣬ҲԷ뷨ѾԲɣǣԵؽ͵˺ſڡ
˻û߾Ͳȥȫҵ˵ŸղŽܻ˵Լڷϣһ״ǰͲѸ¡
ҡҡͷȥ
-
ɶ֪սҾۼһǺ¡
һİŽϷţƼͽǱֳһ²ؼ̬ĿŲ輸ϵĲ豭
ǽϷȿѯʣհǴҶۼһǺ£
̽˴˴οƾٵƶ̲̽ܲ˵
ϷһĹһãǴ£ôҫ档
༸Ҳ̫˷ܵӣȻЦţüͷȴ΢΢Ȼġ
ǳţ·̽˲
ƼͽǶһۣƼšÿ״ſڼʵ˵ҪϲүͷˣοüˣܽЩҥͷȫˡ
ҲѧĸƼֶŽףصϲˡ
ûʲôӦֻϸŲǣָһһ㣬ʾ˵Ļȫ˽ȥ
ûзӦһʱҲǽԭأû뵽ƻᵱ˵治ӡ
˵ôһ㷴ӦҲûУܿŽǸɫ˲
ʱҲֻŽ⣬ֻƮƮˣͲлˡ
һȭ޻ϣһ㾢Ҳʹ
ˣˣʽŰ֮һһһٷףһ¡̵ܶļͥۻһֶԽ˵һ£л˵
ŽϷˣҲȥˣͷƼĥĥػûߡ
ˡ⺰Ƽһ
ƼŲĽŲ鲻Ըظȥԭ̽һ½ܴͽ˵ݡ
ټֻʣ½ܺͽˣһߣɲڡ
ƶοĲô״Ԫأ㿴㻹Ҫɱ޵ĶѹһͷǸεĺѧӡ
̧ۿһ۽һۣúүĶӻһ޵ĶӣǲǾӹȥ
˵ʲô𣿡˵
үǲˣԼƶŽܺس
˵ٸģлܺú˵𣬡ܶŽ˵Ҳ֪⼸һֱĸˣǵԣһᲹһ¡
ƿŽܵϱ¿̻ĺۼֽܵСʱ򲻸Էغһ𣺡Ȼ˵֣ǶӾȸˡ
ҲȽܷӦƾ˳á
ֻȭһӣԽƵʮա
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صԺƼŸղ飬ϵıȫɨڵϣȴ⼰ʱס
ʲôƼ˶һۡ
⶯ҪǴϷ˺ʹ˶ָô룿Ȱ
ҹô룬ϲľǸǸʲôһ֮ѣһûۿĸӡø־Ĵʶס
˵һ㣬ĸǽжΡ
ôһǲɣôǰ״ģ˶βסƼ˵ٴ˵⡣
ҪȰƼͷϣض˭Ļȥ
ֻ˸ԲһԣƼһ
ƼȴͻȻת˫ץסı۰Ŀֱ⽭۾˵ӣһҪϢһҪȽƻҪϢ
ܵƼָı۰ۣѵص˵ͷ
-
صԺĽŸղźͽܵĶԻҲһơ
ֽܻǺǰһֻкӣֻλڳϹҲס档
ƾٳ֮Уǽȥɢġ
һ·ţȻߵΪϤ¥¥ĵƹѾϨ¼ƺˡ
ƴ˽ȥǮƹڹ̨žشˡ
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û£ҾͻεˣҲûԷƽ͵
ǽԱ㣬Ҽˡ
뿪Ľƣ룬ȥ
ǮƹŷӦòڸҲȥˡ
ƻṳ̂ͿҶп̨ϣƺſ̵ŸܲڵҲΡ
Ҷƺע⵽ǰˣΪǮƹҪ̻ĵϰҲáʮҲ棬ҪǴŵǣҲȥ
Ͼμ䵣ĵܵûԣͻˡ
û뵽˻ǽƣӣôˣԷ𣿡
ûش⣬ڿʲô
ҽ쿴Сúܲӣûͦ棬֣Ū˸Ĳ񡣡
ƿźҶٸĺܲһε۾Ͷ䶼ҲΪ˱Ҷģ˵Ӧöͺˡ
Ҷ⻰˵ͷõӦ˿๤ܳɣҲѪһ͵ġ
ܾʱ㽭ܳе㲻ѰͺʹҹһҲ֪콭ƻңһ飺ӣԷ𣿡
ҡҡͷҶ˿Ϊ̻յĳֻڽҵһ
𣿡Ҷʽơ
ƻش
Ҷʢˮˮտһ͸ĵ𽥱ףȫͶ뵽С
ƯڹеҶͻȻ˵ҹѷŶķζ˵Ҫзͺˡ
ʲôκνƶ׽˹ؼʡ
һֿ棬÷ˮһֱӳԣټ׵ķĩζġζģָζС˵źҶ¶˻
ȷʵϡ档˵š
Ҷǰ飬˳˼


33 
ʲôͻȻѯʡ
Ҷﱾǰִ飬ƵĻŵˣһʱ죬Ŵеĵϻ˸СĿӣѪ˲ӿ˳
˻ҶϵĿӣŻڣȻָ˵в˵ʱĶ⡣
Ҷ԰ûԼģҲûˮ˿ڣֻܽ˿ڴѪ˵
ƿźҶѵشӻͳҪϵϣԥһ´ӺҶùҰ㡣
Ҷʵʵ֣ܵĦָĦҶŽרעӣһʱҲʧ
ˡ˵
Ҷͷһû뵽ƻ˸ᣬԭΪǼ򵥵İû뵽ƻôȤһ档
ľɢҶдУȴֹˡ
ɡ˵
û󰭵ģһС㲻ʲôҶ˵
Ҷʵĵǣƿʮָմˮĸүֻǳǿвˡ
ҶƼֻܺվλöԵһ£ȴû뵽ƵĶͦ죬ò˵ĶҲȷжҲеĳ̾ȡ
Ҳǰڿжʱ䣬ţȤĵطǳʳĴԭʼ״ٱɲϹ͹ӡ
ҳĳҲܻǼүܰ˵еûģҳ̵顣
ƴԱó룬̳ղźҶ÷ˮ忪ĽУһСС
ƽ˵Ƶ˺Ҷǰˣһԡ
ԭĺҶǰɢˬҲֿʼ
ҶŽƻûԷǻһ룬ϾûԷ
û£һԡƻش
Ҷ˽ƵĻҲȴ֮
һʱ䣬ټĳҲûֻкҶͽƸɢ΢졣
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ҲȵһɶĽƴ̧ͷϦҹ˵ģҲ֪Ǻ
һֻԽʱľﶨҶһֵĴĴָһֵʳָӣŽƱ˸ӡ
ҶͻȻӦĶƺеɵ֣ղɫԴһӡ
Ҷе㲻ȷ˵ţŽƲ֪ܲ˵пյ
еû澰ɫƷʵ
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֮治УֻĶҲһܳ档ֱźҶ۾˵
û뵽ܹЩ½ҪǸ˵ЩָҶҲ֪ش˻ϻӣֻżӰķӳ
ƾźҶ˵ģŶ촽һһգһ˼硣
һ͵ƵĻһһҡҷţǰҲɢŹɹƮ͵Ĳи
ֱǰǮƹ͵ƣ˹ȥ˵ĶԻӣҶǻûߣ
ǮƹŶ˵ǰ룬ҲȻҶҲʰˣ˵ɣϽȥɫˣõˡ
ãʰҶش
ȥ
ˣڿɱǰ·ˣҶЦ˵·ˡ
Ҿ͵ɢˡ˵
¹ʯ·ϣһûһ߻֪˺ҶſڣҶ˵ллӣȽȥˡ
ҲӦõлллϵ档
ҶҲ˼ЦˣԼҲˣͲõлˡȽȥˡ
˿עⲻҪմˮںҶ֮ǰһ䡣
ţá
ҶһŽȥһʹŴ˳㣬ڻٲҾҪŵȥѰˣôҶ㱻Ļץˡ
¥ൢһܵ￴ܲ׵ӡҶΡ
￴ŵ֣صغţ㣬ôˣ
в˵ʱ򣬲Сеģû󰭣Сֵġ
㣬㻹˵ԼףһҲס˵вУⶼ˶ˣϻг²ۺҶ
ҶźСͷƵ߶ŸϽطȥö徻һ㣺ǣҲףҵܵܳ޵ףҪطȥ𣿡
һϲؿźҶ㣬޵ʲôĴԺʿң˵Ҿܶˡ
Ҷεؿźá
վ׼뿪ĽԺﴫĶԻҲ¶һЦݣ˵ĲƴӿɱȲ¥˵˵Ĺ»֡
źطĺҶͻȻת˵㣬˺˵£ƾپҪŰˣҪһȥ𣿡
Ҷӣʱúÿ죬ͿԺǼ»ĿھѾ˷Űʱ䡣
ҶվڷںҶǰ˰֣ʾҶ񣺡㣬㾿ȥȥ
ʱȥʱ¥ûʲô¾һȥ
㣬˵׼ˣʱ϶ˡŵʱܴ־ޱ˷ܡ
ţӦ˺ܶɡ
ҶҲ֪Ľһʼ²ߣĪǰ֪ΣǿòûˣŻִȴ˽ĸʱ¥ԭ
ǷŰ֪Ƶĳɼϣʱܶ˵һϲ
ϴϣڴϵĺҶԽܹ˵ܶеãҲû뵽ƻ᲻ƽ˵ĳϴһ㽲һ
Ҷת뵽ŰζҲٰڼϲõҲǵȻ޴棬ϾʳҲûȫ
-
صĽƣִǽֱӷԺ
˴ŽӷǽĺӰ˹ȥʽδʹԷӰ˽Խ˵µˡ
£Ҫʵ˷֮̽ӦҲưոݣٻڱʹС
ǱԺûжж±ضʱֹ˱ȭһֿ˵
߽鷿ȼϵ򣬶˵ŻһطǽȻͬ𣿡
²֪Ӻγԣűڣű㲻ڡ˻ش
˵Ļش𰸵Բ
˼ûٽһķԸظˡ
һֽдֻࡢӰʣϸϸĥţӵһμҶƺһֱڷ־ϲ
θǲ֪ҶװǧٹֵĶ


34 
Űգ֪ǿʾƸĵطѾվ˲ˡ
ҶͺҲУԶλںѧӽ̸š
ɫٸ۸첲¼žֽŰԶһ·Сܹһ˽һ˲䶼Сࡣ
۴ŵǽͰˢմдʾĸˢ˽չϣ˵˫۶ֱضŰϵ֣ƺܽ
ȫչϣ۱һѵİͼһص㣬Χ˼뿪һӵϡ
δ磬δ硣ҲȺдʵѰλϵ֣ҵˣ㣬̫ˣδǰۡ
ҶĿȴ̽λϣƵֺȻУҶɨȥڶ׵п˹пΣſͦ׵ˣҲɹϡ
źҶص΢һĵطԺҶ˵㣬ҵδһ֪¥æȹȥɡ
ҶҲԥǲӦúλ˵һϲ֪ϢӦýϢʱ֪Ȼ¥
ȵΧѧӹϲλϣ۰Ͱܹȥδ磬ϲ㣬̫ˡ
λϿ˿ʵιأ
ҽȥ¥ˣҵ֪δΣҽȥ֪ͨ
λϻһĨʧı飬漴ͷ߰ɣǻȥɡ
һ·ϻߴߴؿҫλϣ֮λ֮ĹְܲסŴ֡
λûӦ𣬷λ϶еĲɣδ磬£˰۲𣿡
£ֻһʯͷͻȻˣеġλϳźﳶһǿЦݡ
ȵλϻصҵʱſѾ˲ǰףصĽַӣȻҲС
λϿŽһһӭݣ˵Ÿּľ޷λԺ󸻹ˣҪЩַھӡ
еĴү˵Ҳǹֱλ˵֪ȥ˸ֱ㴳һأҲЩ̰٣ľٶ
λЦӦ£үɲģ˵λһĻشȻźλۡ
ⷬĺһƲƲ죬үƽʱǰүһʱ£֪˸Ҳ֪Ҫôˡ
һԵĸվڽҲ岻ϻֻܰ
һһ˵ţ˸ʵʱ˵˻δ磬㿴㿼ȡ˹֪ҳһˣΪףһ£Σ
һоһĻᣬȻӦͣ˵ȻҪõģеļơ
СΣǵûȥ֪ͨһСһμӣЩҲþûһˡ
Ӧˣȴڱﰵ˸ۣ⸶̻Ϊ˽ӽδκηӶҪϡ
-
ȵϺμؼңｫźμһ˵μ˵ؾʹӦֻǱʾ¥ԽԽæոúȥ˲һȥ
Ҷ˵ʮеһ¥лʦԤӣǮƹԭƵԤľǳֻͣܽ
ǮƹֻͺμμҲһĪչ֮ʣҶײ͵ʽΪÿһرƲʽǽлʦʳȫͳһǿоԲܳԵʳģŶʳиġ
лʦҲҪȫúμף¥ʦҲơ
μŻδΪλϵϲͽʱţ˳شһȦ׼ЩʲôˣҲںھظ
ҶԭȥλϣμӲ˵ԲãҪھӺ˵ҪĲתˣʱײ˲žˡ
ҶҲμ޷ҸڣҲ֪μ鶼пǣǾԲڲаͿĵطҲֻεظźμ䰤Ұš
һҺμҪ˵ȻǴ¥ĳʦһҪó㲻һĶھǵĻô˵ģҲһġ
ҶŴ¥ĶҲǰ̺ÿ˵׻Ǹ˳Եġ
Ҳмھźμ˵̣ҶһֶԷҪҹ̸Ĵ󶼷źμȥһҡ
һȦʲô𣿡ҶŵϵСʯʡ
أʲô뷨μ䷴ʺҶδҲҪ׵ˣ뷨ܸеġ
Ҫ㣬㣬ҲһֲƷҶ˵
μҲǵĲ˶ʲôȱʲô
⡢㡢лܵģεģϷɵĶˣҲȱʲôˡ
ҶЩھû뵽Ҳز¶
Īȱʳ֮ģμͻȻ
ҴɽμҲ
ɽžǴ磬ҶҲ˺棺ɽﶼŵʲô
ӦôҰˣļʱҲУˮ죬ٽСϺˮ죬ֵϣ÷Ƥ棬һ顣
ҶźμĽһͷˮֻ˽ɽΪʳɽͺҪѷƤһ𣿡
򵥵˵ͿǸϺͲ֮һʳġμش
Ҷζض
λϵſڣμŽȥСΰҽæһˣϲ
壬ôصˣʲôҲȥú˵һˡλϸϽӭӶˡ
ҶվſĥŲԸţֱμվſڸأ
ҶȷʵտŰʱߵôæδ磬ϲ㣬ߡ
ллλϻӦš
˵֮ǲǻҪʥϣⶼʲôʱ飿μĵʵ
ҪȰ񵥷أٵȸͳһ֪ͨǰְ񡣡λϸҶͺμ䵹ˮ
ǲҪµңμʵ翴Ҳˡ
ҲˡλϿ׵˵
һʱҲμҲ˵Ҫǡ
Ǻ壬ھ˵Ҫףҵ죬һ𣿡
찡ܲǲ˿϶͵μλϵļ˵
һʱ˽Ӳ״̬μҲҲ⣬ͺҶڸǣתһ룬ʹ˺ҶȻȥ˵лҪС˵
ҶҲ֪Ҫλ˵ʲôĬˡ
Сΰ㿴ŰҲǰɡμԥ˵Ҽ⺢ӸҲûԵ֣˵δúõĹٷ˶Ų
壬ʹιˣλʵ
СΣ㿴ҲˣպҲõģͲҪǼҹˡμ˵
壬֪ˡ
λϵͷμҲɫֻܽʱ˵ǡ
λҪºμĻǻߣôҲ˵ֻܿżرˣͺһ򿪵ֱˡ


35 
ֱַӸλףĵգμ׼ɽú͸̴ȥ
Ҳ׼һӼúæȥ
Ҫȥ¥ǽһлʦ׼Ϊƽʱļ˶Ҫѧϰæͷǡ
μͺҶҪݹʳĵöʳԲ׼
-
λϵļ翪ʼϣΧʹԼҰελϼУȺؿʼ졣
Ϊ˵λǱһߣҲ⣬ѧݷ⣬Ѿܾûֹ
δ磬ˣֵسμҵļš
λԭ΢е飬ָֻ˻ſȴֻվ˺͸ˡ
λϻдǣӲǸһֱʵ⣺ιﲻ𣿡
ҽ㣬ҵȥ¥ˣҲҪȥĺæڼҶҵҽ㣬Ϊ˿ολϻһ䣬δ磬ҵҽҲæ飬֮ǲҲҪμӣʱҪúƷæ˺üµĽ
һĸλֻ֪ҺҶҲ÷ôãȴʼ벻ۡ
λ뵽˵ʱμҶܾΣ˱ۣȶ飬æŽӴˡ
-
ʱ¥Уż
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ִɨһʳݸ
ϸϸͷһ飬ʳϵ֣ÿһֿڲʵģáϡԱҲδעʳͨǵȲ
յԲҲҪʳемˣϾһЩ˾ҲûҪٽгԡ
¥С˽һһʳϳĲǰһȡ
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ϡ㣬ôнȥ㱾ŵСչͼǺյС㣬žɫˡ
С󡱣޲ˣ޲˵ĸһʢĻ䣬ΧǰһȦ޲˵Ҷӡ
ͨĲȣֵһġ˵
⸸֮ʳῪĵġҲЦŻӦ
⻹Ǻιķӣ˵Ǵ˷ɹ֮ҲԽһײ˶ΪײǮƹһӦе
ǺμʦŮһԺʵ
Ǯƹش𣺡ǡ
ǴɷҼһ棿ҶǺ档
ʲô⡣
ǸȤĹһ޷֮ǰʱҲҴҾˣҲûЦżһŵŲ˼ȥ
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СźҶԹҶ㣬зҲ̫Ѳˡ
Ҳû취ҶִҪзҲҪֹҲûȽƼİæ
С쵽Լʣÿˣֽ쵽Ҷ£㣬ţһζ
ƽʱʱ򣬵ûҶ˵
е㲻һСͷ˵
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СƺҲҶĸп뵽ͺͣǸλƵĹ̫óˣǸҲúóԡǰзҲ̫鷳ˡ
Ҷŵ˵ͷԭΪܴС׼磬Ϊѧϰû뵽ʻǶ˵зЩϸµͻӰ쵽ƷƷʵ鶼ҪǶһְ졣
ˣμǰ粽߽˳Ҷ˵Ҫ㡣
СһԴ˹ֻҶ㣬Ҳ𣿡
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Сҡҡͷһû׼ʼҵĴϹ˵ġ˵ž˻ص˺
ռĺμ䣬Ҳû뵽ȻҪҶֻڴȥż·ϣҶżУ˵ҪСģ򲻿ɵ˹ˡ
ҶźμҲǵֻһһӦ¡
ҶżŹװӾѧӣ˸񣺡Ҷ
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Ҷ̧ͷһ廨ĵȹ·Եûׯأȴſɰ·Ǻ͵˴˵·
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ȻԵر𣬵ȷʵʳڿ˸Ϻ¥֮ػͣЧԵ£ҶƵʱÿ˵ĶҲΪѡ
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һԵĺμǮƹҶһѺźҶ̬ǰ٩٩̸ŷ
ȻˣʳѾûҪ޸ĵĵطˣҾ͸񲿹ĿɸʹĿ󣬱öɫ˵
ǵʱҪ鷳ʦͺιˡЦ˸˺ҶһǮҶ˿μɫ
ǮƹһĿյȫᡣ
μ䰵˿ڲ඼Ҫ䶨ˣֻʣҪȥʹղˣƺе㲻ԤУҪʲôźá
-
Уߡ
Ҳ֪˴½ƾٵϯȫȨǵ˵
Ӧ֪ҲǻһʱȨ֮ߣ˷ҲϣΪ̫պЧҶŲ˵Ϊ̫ģȻġ
ûһ᣿˵
»ûȰ³˼ʥ϶λȻһͬʣضġһ͵˵Źƹ˶ãķػͳˡ
˵رҪȥһתתϡ
ֺγ֮⣬Ůв
ҲϧصͷʲôüģҲСƢ
ŵλãŮͷǰģ޵޿κΣȥۡ
ҲȰŮʼҲ濴ķŮһУȻȰס
޽ڻؼʡ׵ʱŮܶвʼͷţҲڳԿࡣ
ֻϲΪ̫ӣһϣоͷԣǸ߲ɵͲͣһƤҡ
չԭ򣬽ֻû뵽ִԲҲֻҪһٴŮá
ûãҪȥϢ
ȥıӰϥϵֽճȭͷ


36 
ʳ񲿺ͻʹתһȦֻ֮ص¥ö
Ҳλ½ѧӵְ鷢ŵ˸˵ϣֻж׺һ׵ѧӲŵԲμӣһʥյĻᡣ
ڶεѧӣҪڲμ̸֮ظΣһʱǵĴСվͿջΪ
λϺͽҲ⣬յĹְΪۺ̽ؽһͬǰԺα޵Ĺ
״Ԫǳɱ޵ĶӣԺҲǰ֮ȼţ뿴һûһ״
ڿ֮ǰȴȵˡ
񲿵ĹԱǰ֪ͨ¥統峿Ӻμ˽ϾͿʼ׼ϵϯ
ҶűϾʹطùҹҲֵɣҹζֻ࣬Ҫ統ûк֦ڣ¥֮ض룬ʱض׬
Ǹʱ湻ǮӣҲԿǳԿ˽ˣԵ㡣
-
統գμͺҶ컹û͸ϵ¥һСҲҴҳˡ
ҶС۾վһӦ˯ͣȴҪس򹤡
⼸λǮƹѡΪǴֵҲȺһԡ
ûȺҶ룬ǰʹĶѾȵͣ¥ſڡ
һλɫװͷʵ¥ĺμʦǵĻ߰ɡ
ҶǰĹԷֺŶԷϾǻʹˣƽʱҲǺٻˡ
μ䰴֮ǰǮƹ͵͵һӸǸ˵˵ʱһЦλ롣
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СźҶŵĻŷͶ뵽æµ׼С
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ǴʱԲĲŻµСӸǰһʱŭɱȫǣ̹ǰȥҪϳ¥һڳʦʳˡ
һ˲䱻סˣۿŹ˸ִһԣֲ¡


37 
֮İӿ۵ĲԲ˽ŵ˲١
ʱȴǰԣϵ¡
ں󷽵Ľһŭݣ֪ΪҪ˻ˮ
ŮϯǱߵ͸¶Ľš
˭֪㽭¥ĳͣ¥˽ãȻҪΪ俪ѡҷŭ˵
ڻǰػûֵ󽫾ȫȨķݣƶ˶٣οȻϯϷ֤ݱضţʱϵԽ֪֤ݲᱻ١
һһֱŵ֮ԶŽᣬ͸ҶײңҲûбҵѹŲǺˣɼΡ
Ҳ̬˼ŵվͽţ֮ԶУϣý˵˶ڳκ֤Ȼ֮飬¶ˡ
Ǿͽʳ˶ʣڳôſԳıߣŶܵóһ
ڵʳ˵ϯļ϶˸ԭλϯû֮ǰֵգһ̲ˮһ㡣
ֻƺɽֵվϯǰ
μ䡢ҶС¥ԼʳĹ͹Ůộһֱؼ֦ҲǱ߿һۡ
˼ʥ϶ع£ҶŸղ·ŹټǵԭΪŻ²ֹж֢״Ҳڷ⽨ǰͷ
ۿǰŵĴŴֲˣ곤ĺμ䣬¥ĹԱǷḻ
ػɣ˵ףҲòˡ
μ侪ŵǰ£̿֡
ɣ޽ô£һתղŵŭͰ
ˡ񶷵񲢲£ֻ˵⿵ĹУκʧ󣬡μʵѸ棬οʳĸλ˼ලκСȻᱻ֣졣
˺μһҲ˵оݡ
ƨȻ̫ҽ˵ԲŻµԭʳȻǵĹҴʱѾ˲õǰʧԣֻϣǰЩͳͳȥһ٣ܱƳʵ
ҶĶز׽ˡԲ֣˲ǰСཱུӻΪʳŻҲûʲôֵġ
μֻǵҲشҸܻҪ嵽μǰͼŶԷѯʵ̬ȡ
ֻǽƺͺҶˣסҵĲҶǴӺμղŸŵĺվλ嵽˺μԱ߹¡
ŮһԲò˵ҶŮһԡҶ˵
Ҳû뵽Ҷ嵽ǰҵĶҲһ
λϿŹڵϵĺҶҲĵ֮ɫ
ة֮ԶŹڵϵĺҶﵹǸТĵġ
֮ԶԵļֱ֥ضŹڵϵĹͻȻ˷Ӧ૵˵ҶҶҶҶ
ֵĳҲ֮ԶΪȣǼ֥Ѿöᵽ֡
һδƽһ֮ԶûӦ֥ʹλ֮˳ȥźҶ֣޺ţҶҶҵҶҶ
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ȴû뵽֥źҶβ֣ҶȻҲǱŵˣֻǿλûľٶ΢һ㡣
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֥˵һ£Ҳǣ֮Զ;ȴеɢҹһ˱źֻܶɽûгԵģûкȵġҶҶɽ·ֲ㣬ֻܽɽȥѰʳȴɽ·ĵĴ帾ãٻصɽѾˡ
֥޵ʣѾ˵ȥ֮Զ֥˵ȥ֥ҵʱѾǾ㱣ֻ֪ҶҶ֡ôûӣǵðϲһٻѳŮڼ
֮Զ˵Ҳݣ֪⺢ǣѰңҶҶ᲻صǵߡ
վһһҪΪֻعңȻҲû뵽򾹻ˡ
Ϊⳡ־˹ĺҶһҵͷתǣһʼԺμͺѪԵ֮ϤУĪֻΪ˵ԼȥĽڡ
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ҿźҶһһһҲ£Ҳһƾһ֮ʣŲΪѣ
侲һ㣬ȥһСۡվһԵĽƺԿο
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ڵȴѯļ϶Ҳ˷ʱ䣺հ˵Ůɳϣ
ŮϣҲҸʡ
ԴӼ֥һɲ𣬺μ֪ЩҲסˡ
м仰붷ة˺ͷˡμʱʱ俪˿ڡ
޷֮Զش𣬰뿿Եļ֥棬ͷʾͬ
λɼǵõûʲôŮϣμʵ
ǵãиƽĳ顮֣ɶԣ֥˵һֺҶͻǰһʧ
һԵĺҶ˵һһͻȻֳ䶨Ĵµð˾Ųʮǵ걻ʧǸӣμĻࡣ
ɽڵŮҶҲة˵һ¡
μ仰һֳ˶ûϵ֥ԣ˶Ϊ֥˲֪Ĵַ̼˷衣
μĳϣ֥ŹڵϵŮ£ôȥˣû뵽ԵҵŮ
֥һֱԸ֮࣬ԶһֱϤչʶŮĲˣֻǴԺҲԸԷܾȤҲԸ˵ʵʶѵģΨһֻŮϡ
֮ԶȻҲûϵʱô껹һŮҲݺᡣ
ʱʻҲصϯ֮ϡ


38 
λصϯϣҲ֤¥ס
ΣŻĹʵ
£С˵춹Ǿѳ˳ʵ
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˵潫˰ݷӨʱȵġش
ӨĸҲһ׹ϵ˲ŻԲȥӨݷá
ʺӨҲüͷȻҲû뵽»Ө˹ϵ
һʱ˵ƱʹӨСɷк춹Ĳǻ̫ҽһ֪
ѾȥȡˣҲˡ
Ҳλ䣬ʱһλһСĺ춹ˡ
ҶҲ춹ûбȻ¥˾ҪһְٿĪĵز
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δü̫ҽ˵ȥŭ̽Ө
ʱҲ۹飺ʣΪĸԲ¡
˿̶Ի磬̫ҽô˵Ҳ޷ԭͷϵۿҲ˽ŭ
һ۵Ŀʱ̫ҽ˵춹ͨ죬ŵĺ춹˼ӣֺ춹ɫͬ춹ʰɫ˼ɫһλкɫĺۼ
Ҷһ˹˼Ӿƽʱĺ춹ɫۣƽʱ춹ǺСȻͳƺ춹Чǧ
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⻰ԲҲǸżһǲ⣬Ƣһͳ۹£ϣЧһ϶꣬ϻһ
ۿŹµңҺ֮Զһ·ӷ׷ǣһ·ֵͬܣľҲһĪչ
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ϣǲһ㲻𡣡˵
ۼˣҲŭգҪ͹š
һԵļ֥ǿźҶĿתҶӦûɣȥȴ֮ԶŲǰ͹ҵټҡ
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һλԲٵṬŮǰŲū澣ūӨָպ춹
ŮϢأ춹ǰ˭ԵģԸӨȥģ
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˵Ŀʵһ׷ʡ
ǸŮͷڵϿĵ죺ū澲һٻū澼ﶼū澼Ǯȥºͻūһ
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ӨۿƽʱһֱԱĵ׵СŶô˵ǱĴ
ūŲңūŲҡǹҲһһĿͷ
ʵĽҲһʱ˽֣ʱվ˳ϣڳɣ˵ϻȡԡ
۱һȺֵͷǣһʾԽԡ
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һ仰Ҳǽ˵ĿϣղŻΪĸӨԹ˲Ļ֡
Ҷλ˵Ҳǲ⣬벻ͨҪΣյĸ޹һ¶ض
οԵôλ²ǶľӨǻˣҲԲ壬벻ͨΪҪӺôСĺӡ
ôĵĵӣȻֶ쵽ۻûı粵ýеӡ
ƫ˹켣ֻϥǱߡ


39 
ӣۻûı粵֮ʣƺѾĬϳ
ΪǶǶֻ¡Ҳмֵķ̡
֤ˣ㻹ҪνƱ磿ŭ
ǸʸʣΪβλǿտҥ빫˵ںʱεҼ棿ĿؿŹڵϵĹ
ʱʱĺ԰꾡ʱʺߵĹŮĵضŻʺ˵˼仰
ʺ˻֣ǰ棺ū澶λԣū澵ʱ·԰Ҳºλ˵ū澵ʱֻΪΪ˶չӨ˲δϣλһ˵
ʱӨԭ߰ƽϣҲһ˿Ѻۣ檿СĿǰްķϣᴦ
ӨĻѩϼ˪ŵؿĸףӨһ仰൱ֱʵ
˵飬ҶǼʶˣӨȻһӦû캦飬ֱ飬ƲĹϵסĵλ
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Ҳ֪ѾܹյĴΣӣ½ѧǰĽУѾ澡ʧ
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ʱͽҲڡ
μȴһĴվҪˣһҲˣץʱʰˣȥϢˡ
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ҶĬĬص˵ͷֻǴʱҲûд˵˼ֻǾýҹ


40 
֪ԶҶͽƵԼһʱŵȵμ˼ҡ
Ƽμصμң˵ŸǣںμҵľǰվһĬĬ뿪ˡ
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μ俴˿Ҷֻ˵һ仰ʲô£˵
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ڡ֨ѽҶһԵشӴĺμΪ˶سš
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Ҷҵ˰˺μߡ
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ǰľУҶԥŴˣóǸŵĳһʮ꣬ȴɿκµĺۼ
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Ҷ￴òòУǱץһ飬źһԡ
ץϣ̶ִֽıƤͿʼϵмһҧȥ̶֪ڣƺҲûмɳʳģȫ̶ܵĿڸУˬ֮дһ˿ζ˾÷塣
֥̿μȻֻ͵ô򵥣ź˵ҪȥˣһؿǺ̶֣ĬĬŵʱ̶ֻʣµġ
Ƕһߣ˲֥ͺμ䶼ڵŶԷȿڡ
ջǼ֥ȿ˿ڣǸ֮Զ£ȥ񲿣Ӧù˶ãͻ
ˣҶǵŮȻǿֻǣμ仹Ǿ쵽ն飬֥붼˵˳鷢ͻȻҲҶʱ䣬ʰһ£Ȼصةฮ
֥һ仰ŵʯͷ˲˵أǰҪȰ˵ҶةฮúҶΪ֮ԶǲεĸĸôԺӶܲʡ
Ϊ˹ĺҶҲ˿ڣҿȥةฮסһܳ𣿡
ҶӦةฮҲż֥ô꣬ΪŮħĥмϧοԭˣȻ˵巢֮ĸӦҲԭĸТġ
ҶҲ֪صĽʵҲ̰һڵů
֥ƽջصμǣҲǶϲةฮ
ȴû뵽֥һڴӦﻹźμ佫ҶһТĵĺӡ


41 
գ֮ԶҲ˺μң֥ͽҶһߣ߶߶ؿʼ˵
˵ҶոʱرԣҲСһ֡
ֻϧҶûԭļ䣬Ҳ޷סӤʱڵ顣
Ҷſ򿴳ȥҲ֪֮Զںͺμ˵Щʲô
⼸գҶ鴫ǵĴС˺μҵſڲṳ̂ơ
СǮƹʵϲģַٲֵġ
ǿŴةฮҶʰΪη֦ͷ˵Ĳ
-
пͽƼ֪ǶҶúҲμȥҶͺ
ԭҪȺҶصةฮŰݷãȴ˵ǵȺҶĵةฮʱҪҲ鷳ˡ
ǣվ˺μſڡ
Ҷ˵ĵҲûһ,Ҫһȥлơ
ϣƻԸΪ¥˵ҲǶײ˽Ƕά
ǻûȥϰ𣿡ҶͻȻʶ˵ƺִ̫ǻûȥ𣿡
ˣҪ³кöμĽʿҪϵأʱ䶼ͳһƳ١пش
ҶصشĺУһ໨ƿװĴۣտ⣬Ũĺ
лţ飬̲֮ȣټӵ飬ֱսƷ
пͽΪҶ˲ǣû뵽ҶͽҪȥةฮĶ׼á
ҶָŲԶ˵ȫˡ
ӡпʵ
ة͸ҵĺҵ˵գҵʱԭⲻشߡҶ⼸ҲΪͷʹ
⼸տιҲΪۡ˵
Ҷ˵ͷסةฮ֮Ҳ֪᲻ҪӦС㣬Ҳеǡ
Ʋ֪οҶ룺ιҲصǣة˴˷󲡳ҲҪҲ̫Ӧꡣ
Ҷŷ£þ˱ʣ֥廹Ҫúõ
գҪлִԣףûҵԩҶŽ˵
ްƽվͶܺʦշӦˡ
пͻȻһͻȻѹ˵СϢ˵Ǵ󽫾Сжǰգ󽫾ȥݷãǲ죬ôһ
ҶʵҲףԴ󽫾ԹޣҲýһѵԲž
ƺһڲ裬˿ڣ˵⼸ҲδӨȥﰵﶼǸ֮⡣
ҿҲôˡпҲûˣ޹ǵ˵
ûнӹпĻʺҶιɻģ
ûУϾЩԺ벻ҲˡҶ˵
ƼҶ̹Ȼؽ״żԹп˵ݺҲ˵
пʵҲ֪δ۸Ľ˵˻˭
˭ʵ
¥ϴɣةҵŮ⼸·¥ǽһడп಻һ¶ԭҵӡ
ʱҶȴ뵽һˣһһֱˣͽͬ˵̫ӡ
пŻȻƵ̫ӣǳڳȴδ˵һ仰нյʱҲδ飬ֵһ¡
Ȼ¥⼸תãΪ˴ĹϵΪҵĹϵΪһ¥£Ȼ뿴Ҿʲôǲܿ£ةࡣҶЦſڷһֵԭ
ƽ˵ȥ˴а첻Ȼ½ӨССһź춹ɽۻֶֺ̫Ϊ
пŽһͻȻоȵ죬Ȳ裬ȴðһ亹δڹٳһҪ̫ӶϣȻܾǱˣڰǮ
-
ةฮУ֥ڸҶ÷䡣
˵۵ĺÿĺÿ֥ʵ
ҿҲͱ˼ˣҾСҲиģԼܸ㶨ֿż֥鲼رȻ˵
ǲУҶҶô궼ûߣøĶҪЩСеĳԴöȣԭһݡ
֪֥ô궼Ƿ˺ҶҪֲֻܸ֥⣺涼˵СһֺòˣҲδ³ˣСգһ˸Сԡ
⡭֥΢еԥ˵ҶҶԹ˺ʦĲˣͨǲ벻۰
ˣҪĲǲȱ⡣
֥˼˰죬˵ͷó˰һһʳ
-
ת۱㵽˺Ҷȥةฮӡ
ѵúμûбܿҶҶةฮʲôû˵ֻĺҶ֣תݡ
ҶŸ̺ͺվſڻӣ᲻ӿۿ
ֻǽͬǸӣĽĶϣΪǸˡ
Ҷվةฮſڣ̧ͷͷŵ顰ةฮֵң˻ĸо
ſɵվţ쵽֥Ҷûţͳ
֥źҶ֣ߣȴ㿴ӡ
Ҷةฮĸ֣ɽʯͷ䣬ϻƯŵӢȼڳԵۡʮ¡
ͻȻ뵽˵ڿȥӣǸʱȻ뵽ҲӵСԺӵһ졣
˷䣬һ֪֥ʮֵڲã¯ϣŵζŵĽỬҲǼ֥ѡġ
ллҶż֥˵
⺢ӣҿʲôֻ֥־̲סĵĿŻὫôꡣ
Ҷֻ֪֥ڻû̹Ȼܽм֥ĳ̶ȡ
ż֥˵æһ磬ҶˣȥԷɣ
ãȥԷ֥ĨĨ۽ǣʹźҶá
һѵⶼǷһġϻ̳ˡ
ҿ֮𣿡Ҷŵż֥Ҫ鿴
ûʲôС飬Ҫţ֥ĬĬƿ˺Ҷ֣ȴʮָжúҶȻûΪֺԹȥԷ
ҶһĿĲˣҲɵ̾һ䣺ôࡣ
Ҳ֪㰮ʲô˵㡣֥˵ҵա
һ˺ֹⶼ¥ƽʱϯʳˮƽ
⡢Ƥ㡢Ѽ
ҶĪ̫ҪһһȥˣٽŴȥ˵ĺ֮УϹ죬ٽǽĺϡ
ҶһУ͹ǽڿײɢŴȴճ
֥һڴؿźҶźҶķӦ
óԣŴҲӲӲУáҶ˵
쳢ġ֥˵ţ߸ҶвˣҶǰת۾ͶѳСɽһ״


42 
⼸գҶةฮ˸飬⼸¾ڷ鷿óĸֻ
ةฮĪڼ֥֮ԶżŴ棬һͬԷĻᶼûһΡ
Ҷ֮ԶǲǻǵŮֻΪ˼֥ǿةฮ
ҶӲûΪ֮ԶĲ⣬Ǽ֥޾ϸչ
Ҷ˸µѾߣҶԭʳӣԼܽҲҪѾߣҪԺ︽ͷŪС
¿е֪ةฮﲢûжѾߣҲǴӳﱻʱ񣬺Ҷǿ
ʱ֮Զմӹڲ趼ûϣͱ뵽˼֥ķ䡣
֮Զտţ֥ͿʼԹҶҶ֮иŮԹһٷ𣿡
ⲻæ𣿡֮Զ֥ǰĲһڡ
ǰҲûôæֵ֥
ڲҶҶ㣬Ҳת٣æҲ
ǲǲϲҶҶ֥ʵ
˵ʲôŮôϲ֮Զ˵
ôҶҶ֥ĵʵ
˵ң㲻Ҳһ֮Զ̾һϾô겻߳Ҳ֪Ҫôദ
֥ҲͻȻĬǺͺҶȱʧദʱ䣬ܿһһϦܲġ
ȻǶ֪ةฮҶҶŮϾҲԲ˳ةฮҲϯʽһºҶǵŮ
֮ԶӣҲеĶ뵽֥״ҲеԥǺãźһ㣬ϯٰҲ̫æˣԲ
ⲻ𣿶ҶҶԼҲУʱҪöʳҪ֥Ц˵
֮Զü֥˵Ҳ޵ֻЭŴӦϾ÷˿ıá
֥֮ԶӦתȥ˺ҶԺ
Ҷż֥ϯȫ˵ż֥˵ʱɷҲɨˣ͵ͷӦ
-
գ֥Ǯƹ飬ҶҲһμӡ
ֻǺҶڿüƹֻĸо
ǮƹҲͬУ˵˿װҶ˶ٿźҶͷϲŵĽҶҲһʱ
˴ǮƹǰƹѾź£֥˵
Ȼģһжᰲ׵ġ
ҶҶɻҪǮƹģ֥תͷĺҶ
£ʱ鷳ǮƹˡҶ滰˵㡣
֥ŴźҶڳлҲöǮƹ˵úҶǮƹҲö˵˵
ǮƹǵҶڵݣѾ֮ǰǸ¥ǲСҶӣһʱҲû
ǺҶȿ˿ڣǮƹҵ𣿡
Ϻΰһжãʲô£ⲻһܼУȻ¥ղˣӡ˵⻰ʱǮƹҲòŪˡ
ϯҲûָͲҪҵˣʡʱҲġ
СҶӣ㲻˵Ҳ֪ϺǴĴ𣿡Ǯƹָֻ֪ǰͺҶ˵ĿҲԾʧԣģ½ңͷİɡ
¥Ҳȥ¥Ҷڵ˵
ʹãʹá
ûµģСȥ˵һͺáҶתԸһֱߵ£ȥ֪֥ͨһ
ҶͬǮƹһͬ
֥´صĺҶĻһ˲ʧ䣬űϾμԺҶô֮Ҷ׷£Ե塣
Ҷ̧ͷ¥ңҲû뵽гһջ¥Žȥˡ
ιпӴ̽һͷźҶ
Ҷ̧ͷһŵӰ˵ʱһ¥ʱ龰
ţû¥пͽƾ͵¥ݿӭ
ιɰҲԷһɣп˵
ҶʵҲûرɣϾһа¶¥Ҳ֮е顣
Ҳûб¶뷨ʱߵüҲûӾͬ˶˵롣
Ҿȴ֮ˡҶȹ̨ףż䡣
μżŷװޣ߶װľţ˶ʱ򻹿Դ򿪣䷿
ֻǷ˵㹻˸ڷ˵ֻԼԼ塣
㻹ҪӲ𣿡ƼҶʵ
ˣҲԲ˶٣ͰǵСҶش
Сȥ˲ˣһ¯ŵͭҶһ裬Ƶ˺Ҷǰ
ҶƲƲŵĲҶлл
пŶ˵ĻͻȻ˵ˣҽ컹Լ˳ɾͣڰ·㣬ͱƭ¥ˡ
пŽգգۣʾͲ谭ûȺҶӦˡ
ɾͣǽ״Ԫɣ
ǡƻش
״ԪҲϵôáҶ˵
˭
ҶҲǣ˳Ӧŵ˵ͷ
СţϵĲһһҶϵĺҶ״ĸ㣺ʲôôû
¥³ĺҶ⣬溬ŶɳڣŴƤþҶˮĽݶɣսҶųҲմϡСһڵؽܵλ͹⣬ֱ˵šǶλ͹áһ̵ˡ
ҶС˿еĺҶˮӦҲɹɵĺҶ÷ˮٴŵˮ棬ҪҶװҲܹԴҶ㡣
ιҪȥʦƼҶ̺Ҷ˼ſʵ
ҶһҶ⣬ԤϣŴƤԴһ˿ɬζˣ֮ǰ뿪֪ʱҵ͸ҲҪٻȥˡ
ʦҲпԡƿο
û£㲻ðοңҶ˵
ƿҶעҲʼղڳԷϣ߰ɣȥʦ
ҵӦò뿴ҡ
Һʦ̣ҶҶǺ棬ȥﳢҪȥ鷳ʦ˵
ҶҶ飬ֻҪԸСȻףҲ֪Ǹҽڡ
Ž˺ſڣͣſڣҶ벻һ
ˣҲ˵һȥةฮͲҪˡӺҶ˹
磡Ҷϲؽе
֪һ硣˵ţ߳һԵĽƵ˵ͷǮƹ˵ˣҪϯ飬ȥգСһ𡣡
磬һϯ𣿡ҶǵĽշǵĽԸǷӦЩķȽڡ
С࣬ңȥةฮǻ𣿡ֵ˵
ǣ磬ģҿ϶㡣
ƿʱĺҶڻָһŻõЦݣҲ˹ǡ


43 
ҵأҵ𣿡Ҷ˿ƺûпμӰ
ʦղźǮƹ˵ʲôȻͳȥˡӿڵ
Ŷã֪ˡ˵źҶת߻ż䡣
ƸںҶ󣺡û£ҿȺʦ
ˣҵ˵ǴǮƹǶˣűܿҵģҲߣ˵
ҶŽƳ˸ǿЦݣȥԷ˶ˡ
Էọ̈̄ҶеĲɣżȻˣȥ֪Ҳһֺۣ³˱Ÿ
¥ͺҶȥҶԥ˵ˣȥ֪￴æȻȥ
£һȥ
ƺ͹п˱ߵ¥ģؽةฮ
ҵӦҲڼңҾȥ̡ҶԽ˵ʵҸԼġ
֪ߵμſڣҶţȻϣûڼҡ
ҶתҪ뿪ʱȴվλϡ
λȻҲûϵҶͽƣҲԭء
δ硣ҶڽƺҲûע⵽λϣֵ֮÷׷Ҳûλš
ҲڣλҲ˿ڡ
¥ġƻش
ĻҪȥҼ𣿡
ҶλӦҪȥǻؼҵķ򣺡δ磬ӦûҪȥҾͲˡ
ǳҪȥֽҲһ¡λϼæ͡
Ҷ˿ƣͼȡδۣ˵˵Ҳá
˻صλϵļС
δ磬Ժ󻹴ס𣿻Ǵң
һ¾Уס뺲ԺҲԶλԥ˵ιԺҲδˣˡ
ʲôģⱾֻǸƺҶ⡣
λϿһںҶߵĽƣƺҺͳƺһС
Ҷʵ֪λΪ½ʿܲڹة֮ŮͷεĺҶմϹϵһƺѣǾιԡ
֮䣬ҶѾ˶λϵĳƺ
ƿλһۣλһĨʧɫλҲ֪һٶǽҶԽԽԶ
˰ӲҶǣʾʱ̫֥ةฮеȥ
λϽſڣźҶͽ˵Цߡ
ŷϵ裬豭ڷţһ豭Զ
ϵĲ豭ȫŵľ֮Уϴɾ·ʰòǲ豭ǿҵġ
Ҳ֪һ˺Ժ˼㲻ٷڶŮ鳤ϣֻԼҹΪΣӦġ
-
ƽҶ͵ةฮſڣ뽭ƽȥʱ
֥ʹةฮ˳ҶҶˣ
ҶӼ֥Ŀһ˿ģôˣ
ǿҵİɣ֥Žʵ
ǣǿӽơƳż֥һ
ſǣ
¥˽ӣ˳·һ
ŶǾͽ֥ζؿһ۽ơ
ˣĸҲڼеһȥʽŰݷá
Уϯټ֥˵źҶ˸ͽĿͶ˽˸ةฮĴǰϡ
Ǹô£֥źҶԵʵ
ҶҲûϵ֥һ棬ǰ˵ʱܿԹҲûһЩ׽Ļ⡣
֮ǰһֱ¥ԷҲҡʦˡҶҶ˵
ûʲô֥ɴźʵ
ûʲôѡҶҲǼˡ
֥ȴ˵Իҿ˳Ҳƺ˼Ҿûô򵥡û˵֮Ļ
ҶҲû뵽֥ԽƵĵôִţǵ˸ȵһԵֺ£ֻǶ˶װû
ľü֥ʵ˵ò޵ĵҲжţȻ洫竣ȴŮɫĸؼңδš
¾棬ǵµĹӣٿԼС㣬Ҳ䡣
Ҷֻװɵҵةฮ֮һγҲûȥǷ㣬ȥ¶һ֡
֥Ļͷ̾ת˷򣬱ɲϣҶҶةฮۣרŵĳʦҶҶֻҪŵųԾС
ҶͿʼͼ֥սʾİ֮һڳۣúȤ
һغϣҶһ˼֥ļ֣һ˵֥
ҶصԺ֥ղ׷ʵĻϸϸ룬Ϊһ˶ʮˣӦöԱ˵ϲͦеģ֪λϲ
ƶôãĪı֥˵ˣҶԼ뷨һһǱ֥ղһӰˡ
-
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һˡƿԺ˵
ƶл˵
ߵʯţŷе߻
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ⲻҪȥԺǰȥµʱ˸ƽšӷ߿ĵóһɷֽ
ƽӹУлл
˵⺲ԺӦҲûʲô飬ЩĹ͵һЩҪߵȥĵʵ
ţЩ鹤
Ҫȥһ£͸ǣ˵岻ãҪڼͻȻ˵
ƿ񲻰ɫ㻹ǲġ
ҲǼˣôģҾôһӣΪͷҾͿɵˣڳô˶˵ʲô
֮ԩ⻹СʱҶʱ򽲵ĵ˵
֮ǰǴӦ㣬ٹ㡣ҲƲסǲСĴ֣Ҿ͵ǲǻ¡˵Ҳеʧء
ĬĬԵؿ񣬵ƽ
ɣ˵ҵķˣΪпһ㣬Ѿʼ࿴Сˣ˵ҪȢϱ磬ҲȢһ
Ҳû뵽Ȣ»׾١
żƿʼ˼Ҫβͷ
ˣһŰģҪǶǾͼһ棬ҪǺʣͽ顣
ƼһҲȰ˵ֻ˵ˡ
ʲôˣʿ𣿼ʲôģҼ𣿡ʱڵʵ
ġ⣬ֻѡ޹ؽҪһش
ʼ˼ϯиСӣŽƳпļλ
ûʲô£ˡƳûע⣬ڲŵ
ȵӦʱ򣬡ôҲ˭Ҳȥ˵ס
ֻǵԷδȷ⣬Ǹĸףĸͣ˵ӴŶŵ
-
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⼸գͼ֥ദҶּ֥Ȼôġɵӡʵϣ
Ҷڼ֥λԱС㰲ϯʱ򣬷һ㣬ĳͷȻġӦҲǶ۲Ľ
ҶҲ˲²⣬ô֥ĳɵֻǿԻΪװ˺͸ҷСĻҲҪĸŮĳҲ˴顣
иҶ˵⻰Ҳȷ˺ҶĲ²⣺𿴷ǿʵÿδϯҲһ˶ſޣֻү֪
Ҷż֥һ˻ھʹô꣬Ҳ
-
һգù֥Բˣ֥ҶʳʯӸòУ˺ҶȥҶΥվ˳һּİеĸо
Ҷʶؾѿڶ磬ҪʲôҰ㡣
˵žǰվһԵ¼״̳嵽˺ҶǰС㣬ҪʲôҪģҿ԰æģС
ˣ㿴һ·ͽȥ˵źҶ
ҶŷӦѾ¥ѧͽһʱҲЦãֻվԶ˼¼Ҷǰľٶŷ
ʯӸʲôҶ΢΢ʵһ̽ͷ̽ԡ
ǰգҺͽȥɽɽϵСϪʯӳöԲɰŷţ˼Żܵ档С˵翴ʯϳ̦޺ͻȻ⡣
˵⸻˼ҲԹɽҰζʯͷ϶벻ˣҲʡӿڡ
֪ҪصȥɽʯͷȪˮе㵣ģȪˮһҹ᲻ڸбСĵ˵Ҫܳɣʱ͸ñȥɽϼʯˡ
ҶҲеʯӸζܾȥл˵ɡ
һ仰ܽᣬȪˮʯӡ
Ƚʯչ޹޵ףٽȪˮУȵȪˮڣʯΧҲϸСݡ
ŽչȴʯӸԱ
ҶȲ˸ףʢ˵˳ое΢΢ζ̦޺ԭ򣬻˵޵ζ
𳣹ʯӸǷŵϯϵԵ÷ʡ


44 
¼ʯӸˣҶҲζҪҶǰϡ
ҶʮֻڳеĸоŲߣҪȥģ˵մۣӰġ
СȴҲǲͬ⣬˵˼³˵ĵ
ڽС˵ļߴ£ҶŲ鲻Ը뿪˳
ǰ֥ҶѯųĽȣҶҲһһ
Ҷ֥üɫؽÿ˵֥Ҷ˷ĬĬ
Ժòˣ֥ͺҶѸöʳʯӸȻΪʽϯʳ֮С
ʳöҶȻǽСһ
صõʱ򣬼֥Ҷк˹ȥҶҶ
𣿡
ָָ֥ߵλá
ˣҲҪʼתˣ֥п㿴ǽֱߵҪʼˡ
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ҶҶҿϲڳǲǣ
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ҲǣȻôϲҲ㣬ȻڸҲģҲֻڽԵʱſһ㡣ֻ¥ǱҲ֪ڵݣܾ͡
Ҷһĵعס˼ֱ֥ۣûϵҽҾͺܿˡʲôʱҸϯˣʹС¯ҸóԵġ
֥Ц֣ãʲôҶϲԡ
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ةฮϯ죬Ҷ컹ûͿʼִӴϾױ硣
ҶǰںμΪȥмȥ¥Ϲ
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ǸСǣϲױݡȰ˵
ˣͿ֬Ե˾СҶѩ׵ķĩֱӾܾˡ
Сٸ㻭üëֵּ˵
ҶüëҶٿͭеˣǰ˵üԶɽĺ壬ҲԸ̾ɡ
ֻòпôʱ侵ˣٸеİ
¿źҶһЦһԣҲһԸ͵С㣬ÿ
ҶͻȻ˽СҲĳ̻ϯԲûǰסةฮ£ǿˣ
СģѾ׵ˣ緹Ҳ¥׼ˡ»شæҲس֣־͹ˡ
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֮ԶѵýѾͬһͬ緹źҶţص˵ͷ
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Ҷǰָص㣬ҪһĪƣʵɰ׻ľҪͦո˿̬ͦΡ
֥źҶӴŸҷ˺С㣬Щ˿ż֥ͺҶޱ档
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ԺҶҷ˶ŴĿ⣬нҶԼŮһȽϡ
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ֻһΣһִǵĴ˵Ӫҵ΢Ц塣
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Ķɶˣ଼ţ棬пյĻԡ
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һжһԶصĸս۵ףݺݵ˴ŵȹӡ
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գͷδʱ͵Žλϵķ䣬ȴλϵϷһŮӵĻһ۾ϳ˻еǺҶ
ȻľٶλϷ֣˳ȥ֪δҶδΪ겻ᣬڰˣδ绹
ǰգةฮҪΪҶϯصһةฮſڣѰŻװҷ˺СѾ߲Ż˽
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ŵʱڹԺſڣҲǶֻǺҶ
ͻȻĿ⿴һԵҲ⡣


45 
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Ҷͼ֥֮Զ࣬ʱܹ֮Զƣ֮Զһѣһǳǳ˼ڡ
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㡣ԲӱһȭͷͻȻչһӹ
ҶԭΪԲų֮׼ʶŲŲ
ȴû뵽ԲԵģȴ˲䷴Ӧ𣿻û԰ɣ
ԲźҶҡҡͷóһʾҪȴûܳɹίͰ͵ضźҶ˵
ҶһҪԲةฮʳ˶ضҪһ
ҶԲĿƽңѽ
ԲźΰֱָźԺһժܸܲһѸңתˡ
Ҷ˼һʳݣֲûкСˣҲûҪõӹĲȣҲġ
ԲǸ㳤ʲô𣿡
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Щȫ𣿡ҶָָԲеӹ
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46 
ϯ֮󣬼֥Ȼ̵֮Զ
֮ԶúҶҪٹܴ£ȫȨ
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ԺĺڵϿϵ廨죬㣬ˣղ½ҿ⣬滹һǣĺóԣǰûôóԡ
ԣ´ٿԡ
㣬ҾõܴˡӦòҵةฮﲻź˵
ҽ½ȥ㡣Ҷԭ˵ú͵͵ת뵽˺е޷Ը񣬻ǻ˵
УǽһҪ½ҡźμ仹ǰҪǰȥ
뿪ǰҶ߶߶˺þãźμ䲻ҪȾƣҲúȥ˽Ӷ顣
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¼ҶվԭûҪȥͶ뿪˼Ÿųȥ͡
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Ҫڼ֥֮ǰ׼Կһµ⣬ȷվϲһʧ


47 
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ڲժ𻨵ʱظҶǵȤ£л˼ѹ˵İԡ
ȴͻȻͷһת⽲˺Ҷϣ֪ǻδɻĹӼѡ󡣡
⻰ҶҲһͻȻһͷĪǿ㶼ǽյ⣬ѵ˵ýǣ
û˼ƺ̫ӵﰵҲȢΪ˵Ŀǰˣ
ҶԽµľǺͻʼ˳ϹϵѵڻӲ
ᵽ˵ʱ򣬺ҶҲ֪ΪԺ˽ƵӰû¶ûС
һҶı飬֪϶Ҷ˵ֻǰ˼
ĸһܣˣҲ֪Ҿǽմ˸ϲصѹص˵
Ҷһ֪˽ӶܣҪһʱУڻվۣҲĲˡ
ҶȥһϢȴϣҶ˿Ĺ𻨾Ҳˣ˲ͣ֡
ȻҶ˰һӵš
Ƚʲݷˮйˮõĸʲˮ͹𻨻ϣҶصԤһֹ𻨣á
ʱ˽ղõĸ˹Ѿ״ˡ
Ҷʱ࣬ʲˮ𻨾ȵУճճֶǣһãȻؿźҶ
һ󣬺ҶҲ͡һЦӹĻʼŷֳһСӣ׼졣
ҶʣµûнʲˮĹ𻨣ȡһСӣ𻨵Уƽһ𻨣һǣ߽Ų뱡һۣϣǹۡ
źҶĶҲζ
Ҷһ֮ɿʳãʱùݲ裬ҲüӵСԲеζ
Ҷ˵Ļһһ£ںҶȴ㺮ʱǰ˹֪ͨ˵ѾظˣһĻнơ
ӣҲˣʵ
Ļƺ飬鷿ȥˣ»ش𣬡ѾԸˣ˵ԡ
ͰѳóóҲ׼˷ݵķˡŹ·ԸȥתͷźҶ˵һˡ
Ҷѣ򸾶˵ʱ⣬ȴøȥةฮͨһʡةة˵ġ
֪˵䣬ѾɢڵҶҿӷѾȫͣѩ׵ϵ׺ŵƵĹ𻨣ɢº͵
Ҷȼһ˳ζóԡ
Ҷһ飬˳ζζк˹𻨵㣬壬ͽ㡣
Ĺ𻨸̷źãʳϣ˳ԺٶƷ


48 
鷿ͽƶԻ
ǹ٣侲ԳֵҲƵĻ˵
ǡĽ˿ûб仯·˵޹ϵ
ǵҵĹٳ߾ߵϷ˵ҲԾش˵ŭ
δֻǹٳʺңҲڴˡ˵
㵱Ϊβμӿƾ٣Ҹֻ֪뷨㸸ϲ㣬ҲĻаʣǸ롣
Ǹûϻ佫𣿡ƵķҲһʱ˳Ĭ֮ǰôһʥϲ˵Ѿ˽١

ܹҸһأǱҪν˵ĿЩͱˣƲϡ
ƻڸһЦ˵һʵƺûн̬ȷϡ
Ѿ˾ˣԽƵ̬ѾȻģǽΪΣ
¥
֪ƱȻ߲ƣȴû뵽ֱӣ֪˵ʲô
ӦҲ˵˽µĴš
ЩеķԷԴ̫֮ӵĶҲԽԽ󣬸ʵ̬һֻۣһֻۡ
ͬʱҲԸĽ㣬󣬽һʱǰءΪ˱֤ǰһ¿ҲΪ˶סڿڣ˵Ҳء
Ŷѣ㲻ƺ̫ˡ
£¥һУͱ̫ӵ¶һգ֡
¿ֱԲĽƣҲ֪˵ò޵ֻ¥ֻһ˵ѪѪҪһ£ܾ
ƼԥҲһʱϾҲͻȻ
ƵҲ˵ףȥԷ
źҶе⣬֪ҶջݷãûϵҶҲһͬ
ƼҶҲ¶һ˲졣
˽һһ
źҶ£ԺҶ˵ҽյĳ«˵ԿüΪ⻬кü裬Ҫ˴һȥ
Ҷһʼɳˣ
ûУǶ֣Ųóԣʲôӣʵ
ܿһ«𣿡
ֻҶýȥ
ûã˾ͽֵ«˹Ҷ뿪λҲ˲ǣϸϸһ¡
ǵñȽϺã«ܲʺʳáҶŲ֪Ĳ֪«ʳã֮ʧǺߣضҪѶԷ
жŵʵ
«жӦòʳã붹ӰСӦҲ޴󰭣ֻǶ˾ͿжףҶһ£ǵڵ״ҽ¥ĳʦΪá
ҶͻȻоһ£ʶƺ˵ֻ̫࣬ǶûʶҶд
֪ˣһעġϽӻ
˭ģǷоģǽ첻չ﷢֣ⲻͳˡʮֲҪ׷Էε˼
ȳԷԷˣ˻ڣ˶ˡķǰƣв˼
ҲýպҶͽƶڣҲ÷ֻס˻뿪ϸѯһǰ
Էƺšʳԡ׼һٷֻھ׽û˵ֻǼЪ˻ԷˣĿ໥һ¡
ҶǶ룬ܾܿͱˡ
ĽҲĿбӣֻרעǰķˣֻкҶĿƳʱУ̧ۺͺҶһۡ
΢ɲĻս۵ףҶԥػش𣬴˴𰸡
ƫ·ϣҶŲ˽ߣǰĶ˾룬ĵظ˵Ҫߵʱһߡ
Ҷûü˵ԭ򣬾ͼתǶе˵ȵ裬߰ɡ
һеҪͲˡȿ˿ڡ
ҶӦ̽˿ڣɫٲңĸҲҪġ
ҲǣһȥҲ㡣Ҳöپ
¡ģһὫιͻةฮġƶŶ˵
Ǻã·СġȥݵţͶ뿪ȴҶסҶֻգգۡ
Ҳ˺Ҷ˼ҲͲټֻ֣ǿŶȥıӰֵôͰ˸ˣ
ûлӦ׷ʣ«˭ģ
̫͹ģ㲻ùˣһƴģӦûôʹֶΣֻҲҷӦȥһ
˵ͷ沼飬а취
-
ƺųԷҶʱøеͣةฮҲԶĥɢȥ
ӣһةฮˣ߻ȥˡҶ˵š
Ҳû£ȥղֻǽڡ
ҶŻýƸϽ뿪Ҳ·ϸƽһ¡
£һȥɡҶҲͲһ߻ȥˣҲһ㡣
С㣬ⲻ̫ðɡɵؿ˿Ҷ
ûʲôõģȥɣһͻ
С㣬ǰȥˣҲýҾԶԶظԲͽӡ
Ҷ¾Ϳַˣֻȥˡ
յķ磬ϵĿҶڵһȦһȦ
ղ˵״ô£ƲûҶ뿪飬ΪڳԷǰ˵Ƿ
ǸҶеܣ֪ò˵żȻӦòվͻ˾֪˵ˣˣҲ鷳㱣ܡ
ԡ
ҶŽƿӦҲǻˡ
飬ûջ֪ˣӦþͻּʹˡҶ֪ϾŮӼ˽ֻܾܵתʾ
źҶ޵˵΢˼һ£ʹ͵ĿԣҲܲµð˾Ųʮ
ǿҪĺҪ׼ˡ˺Ҷ˼
ţԶΧĽֱҲ̷ʼ׼̯ؼҡ
˵̫ӵ¶̬ȡƵĻúҶһʱԭأһ޷ǰȥ
ˣֻǴԣҶǿɵӰ죬ģӦҲֹġ
أ˵˺ҶĿ־塣
ģҾͷݣ̫ҪȢĲңةŮݡҶ΢ǰЩӾ֪Щ飬޷Ǿǣ
˵ȥּȢأһΣͣԭء
ҶûӦڳǰȥ⻰ͻȻعͷŽƣ˵Ȣң
ǣƸ˿϶Ļش
ҲڵĴҪκңȢҡҶýƵ飬ͬ
ǰס˺Ҷϲ㣬Ҳ˵ֻ
Ҷ֪˽Ƶ⣬ڵȴһ飬֪Ӧôظ
£ˡҶ¡
СǰС㣡
߰ɡҶеյ˵
¿˿վһԵĽƣС鲻ܸԤġ
ǰߵʱ»ͷһ۱󣬷ֽӻǶ󣺡С㣬ӻء
˵ҶʵҲֻ֪ڲ֪Ӧ̬Խơ
ةฮſڣƲߵ˺ҶǰסǿǺˣҵĴ𸴣һ׵ġ
Ҷֻ־ŽƵĻһ
뿪źҶʳʶ̣С㣬Ӹ˵ʲôˣô˵ˣ
ʱദҲ֪ҶСǰദʱҲûûС
ҶԸ˵ûǺֻǻص䣬ſ˴ϣ˽С
µ˵ˣղŸ˵Һе࣬һ֥˵Žݡ
ҶŴӱְ˽ŵ
֥һžͿҶ΢ɢҵڴϣҺϣתͷȥʺҶôˣͷɥġ
Ҷɢҵͷһĸղɢ̬ɫ֪̫Ǳߵ𣿡
֥Ҷʣ֪ûв͸ǽҲסˣ˵ˣ
˵ˡҶ㽫
ΪҲǷģòװһװ޳ȥģҶҶҪҲȥ̫ƽӵġ֥Ҷ̬ȣҪϣúϢ
֥˺ҶͷǰǵúȺҺ
˼֥ĻҶٷſһЩģǽƵıס
ҶߣһɫĺҺĲɵҨһףȻǣȻ磬ȴҲڲסұһ΢ĩĿɬζ
-
ةฮ鷿֥֮ԶԹ㻹˵ҪҶҶⶼ֪ˡ
Ƕ𣿡
⻹ǽȥһ
֮Զ鷿ⲽŷͻȻһƣ˵̫ǱҲ̽ǽҶҶǰףΣ
ⲻǺһ˾͸ˣ֥ʮֲ
ʲôҸˣӵֲûУͽǰףҿͲǸλϵģ˵ǰҶҶͬסһ֮ԶŮҲǾٰ㲨۲һģȻҪС
λϿǺӵܣҶҶ޹ȥҪܿġ֥˵
⼸գҿλǸʵˣҲڿ죬վ٣㻹ʲô֮ԶԼ֥ǲҲ΢ʡ
ǰ׿пҵĳӣ֥˸ղ֮Զ˵Ļ
ǣôˣ㲻ῴҳӣСҿ⺢̫䣬ܴҶҶõġ֮ԶŽںָһ¹ֱӻؾ˼֥顣
֪͹ҶҶؼң
ʲôʱ£
ǰգҶҶȥ¥ǽӣͽҶҶ˻ҿҲΪҲ֪񡣡֥˵ģʵڴ֮Զɫ
֮ԶûпǹƣֻȨΪɵ顣
ٿǿǣԲҶҶܿġ֮ԶΪü֥˵
֮Զȴ룬⵱ʱ֥ҶļʵʱҶҶԺҶںμңǿԶ¥ҲԶȫžۣҲ˻״Ҫõöࡣ


49 
Դ֮¾;ԼСƲ֣ڳųղ˵ʱҲһ˫Ŀķ
ΪúҶ£鲻ӹס죬ǱҶؾܾˣϾҲ鷳ٽҲ׷ӵ
С㣬¶Ǹзˣ˵Ҫظһ꣬Ҷˡ²رԹţĽתҶ
Ͼֻ¶δ죬ûˣŻҶҵķҲ˽⣬Ҳû۵Ȩ
ةฮ¶ֲǱĵطô󳼡»зҲˡ
̱һ꣬ӱȻùֳʪοһ¶Ը˵ҲǳصĴҪָֻֿܹǰûΪ˿ǹ
Ҷ֪һ£ڽַ۷׷ףǼŽգкµھӵǳ£ȥţŷѾȥݿ
¼ҶɲߣС㣬˵ˣ˵ּ˴СöĶ
ǰ֪µĺҶֻϣ̥ܰܽƽ
׼ˣҶԼҪ飬֮Ժ
Ѿ׼ˣѾ͵ˡ»ش
Ҷ˵ͷʾ֪ˣȴͻȻٹվǼ֥գƺӦ׼𿾵顣
ҶϽȥۡʳĹ϶æŸ¯˻
򵰡嵰Ʒ롢ۣҶĶһǳɣûֻ֭ð״棬ȥζ
ֻûе綯򵰻Ҫִ壬ҶžͷʹΪʵƷҶھҵҵؽŵ塣
С㣬Ҫɡ¿Ҳ棬ΪѾߣδҲС̫ˡ
û£ԼСҶֻܾ콫岻ϼǴ״
Լһңµĵű˰ɫĺ״ÿ΢΢ǡ
С㣬⿾¯ǲǻ̫ˣ¿ǻ಻ϵ塣
͵ԤȰɡҶش
Ҳ֪ҶʲôֻڱԹѧϰ´ξԲСٶ֡
Ҷ׺ղõĵƺУȵط裬ϵ֮ǰصضƵĵģУҶˢʹִֽϣ򵰸
¯еͿɫҲʼ̳ΣƤҲйѿ·ɢ決ζ
ûȴ˽ζҶϽģ߽˳Ƥúġ
¿Ǹĵ⣺С㣬⡭
Ҷ֪ʲô˵ùˮҲ
˵ߣҶһΪ¶ļģֻһ鼦ĴСǿܳһ¡
Ҷһоһܣֻȷʵùڽˣֻз鵰һѡ
Ŀ¯ֻտ¯ӣл֮ĻʳƵʱҲҪʱע⡣
иѡķϹ⣬ֻĵڸлȽƫӲʵҲԺʵûпɸС
-
ת۱㵽˼֥죬Ҷؾȥ֥ף١
˳㽫֮ǰ׼õĺ¥ʱ׬ЩǮ֥˶
֥ƯƴҶТġ
ֻǼ򵥵볤֥ͺҶͷϷϡ
Թ緹󣬳ż֥ݵļ϶Ҷ͵ʼæµǰýմԻ
֮÷Ҷǵ֮Զͼ֥ܲܳʳֻܽţת˽Ķ
ҪľĥҶ˵ȥ򶹽ʱ»˾Ҫʱֱĥͺˡ
Ҷ֪ﻹи޴ʯĥֻΪ̫ʹãһֱںԺⷿң֪ҶҪã˲Ŵӿⷿа˳
˵Ϊʯĥ»صȥ˳еũͷ¿ĥ
Ҷ֪ʦڣҲʱ򣬶ָˣҲΪһͬΪ֥ء
Ҷǰ֪ͨ£ʱڽһҹĻƶʯĥУˮػƶͱ˶ĥȦ֮󣬾ͱ˴жĶʯĥȱڴ
ĥõĶɴ飬ûûʵĶ
ֻҪɵõĶҪٽտ
ҶŸĥõĶڹзڣðɫݣһŹ˻𡣽䵹һԷá
ҶͿʼ׼ϣִӦľ㻨ζֻҵȻľ㻨Ҷֻð˽ǡƤ¹󿪣ˮαװ
ˮͬʱҶҲûţʳϴ㹽Ϊ۸ڱʮֻܲҲصؿ̳˻ӡ
ҶĶϺ¹ɳĸһһͭУٽղŵˮͶһε룬ͭоͱ˰ããһƬĽ;ζ
Ȼٲ˸ʽӣȻҵҲûֳɵҶֻٽ㡢ţЩʳ״Ŵ֥ڳӣҲһ¶ֵȤ
ںҶ󹦸ɵʱ򣬹´Ϣ֮ԶѾظˡ
ҶżҴҵؽ̳ܲɵġ֡ŵͭУСĵض˵Ժ
ʱѾ˼֥ԺУʼ̿͵ͭһͽ̼ͭУöһεķڡ
֮ԶԺŵʱͭѾʼཹཱུðҲǾ治ѣʲô
ղ˵ݵļ֥Цеض֮Զ˵ûɣ˵ǶöģҶҶб¡
֮Զͬص˵ͷڹɽ亣ζ¹⡢ⶼԹҲͷһضöĻ
ڶ˶̾ѵʱ򣬺ҶһС̿Ժ
Ҳûζֹζ̫ʢһС뽴ͺһС֮ǰ۹ҲԵպʹá
ǿ쳢òóԣҲһҪûζ԰պϡҶСηŵǰ
Щͺˡ֥źҶææȥһƺҲûϢ
ҲδػᣬοգҲżΪ֮ҶԴ˵
ˣȳ԰ɡ֮ԶΪ涹ζĸŮĻ
ȼһ͸ϺĶѾϺϺ֮УΪ۵Ϻƽַɡ
ҶҨһ׶֭˳ζȻûľ㻨Ϻ͸۵ζҲ͸˶С
ִĳЩӹˮζĶȻĥĶǱŻƶԭʼ
֮Զͼ֥Եÿ£Ҳ˲ýʳĴֱӷŵҶǶţֱöһ㡣
Ϊ˽Ͷ˳ԷٶȣҶӲǽ㻬ϺֱһãȻؿźҶ
ҪôŪ֥ͬʱʳ֮Զ
Ҷ˴ˮһ£漴׽תһԲӣ˶Ž˹
֮Զͼ֥ҲѧźҶӣҪתԲΣÿζʧ¹һɲǣεϺ˳״·ѻӡ
˻ʾػ೰ЦŶԷ״ҶͻȻһᣬܵ˾Υļҵů
֥ע⵽˺Ҷ仯̷еӣôˣҶҶ
û£û£ǱѬġҶȻûа취˵滰ֻ˵˸ѻ
֥֮Զʹ˸ɫ֮Զ˵ҶҶ㿴Ϻ
֥֮Զһ£Էʱ˵ôĵĶʲô
֮ԶҲǲôͶˣҲǿԳԵġ
ˣ˵ˣ˵ȥθڶҪûˡ֥
ҶΪЦ֥֮ԶŷԷ
󣬺Ҷĵⱻп֥֮ԶֺǺǵؽԵһɶ
ó԰֥޵
ܼ򵥵ģ´ԣҶŽո˷飬ܸø֥֪һ⣬ҸҲ˵㣬һףһ¡
֥ȴֱźҶĿ˵¶Ҫһ㱨Ҳةฮˣȥͺˡ
֥ⷬǲٸҶľҲ
ãллҶż֥ĸ첲˵֥ҲؿźҶ
ȵ֥֮Զ˵⣬ҶͿʼ֯ˣʰһǽ塣
֮Զͼ֥Ϊ˱ܷ磬
һ仰Ҳ֪òú˵֮Զż֥
Ϲʲôأˣֱ֥ؿ֮Զ
֮ԶҲˣҲ룬һ˵ʲôأҶҶйأ˵ڸɫϱ˵˳ɱ޵ĹŮ
ɱ޻йŮӲǽ״Ԫ𣿡֥ʵ
ǰ˵ŮӼϯҲμӣö˶֪ĴڡұǼҲҶˣҿҲ鷳ˡ֮Զ˵
֪ˣҪҶҶȥһˡ֥Ҳ¶˾ģҪҶıһź¡


50 
ĵڶ죬֥ӡ
ӵӵǾϲѣȻû뵽֥ЯҶšϴμˣةฮϯϣֻǴһ档
ͬ˵֮󣬽ܾŽչٳƺҲ֮ԶҲûҪͨĵط
֪֥֮󣬴δȥκ˸ϣֻϯһβǰ¶˸
ǿͣصطԸ֥ͺҶŵʱ򣬶ռòˡ
ںҶ֪֥ѾŰݷõöǰһúҶ׼
һҪȥҶ·ֻըëèܲȥ𣿡
д֣ͬһȥûд󰭡
Ͳܲȥ𣿡Ҷ̽ʵ
ô㲻Ǻǽӹϵͦõ𣿡֥ҲԺҶĿΪ⡣
Ҷһⲻǰڿչˣȥܸоֵֹġ
ǵǿ۸㣬˲Ը⡣
ҶҲ֪֥뵽ȥˣϽ壺ûУȻûе顣
ǾôˣϢ֥ݺҶκλء
֥ŵװ׵ĺҶֻܰȥʱ򣬽ƲڸϣҲ֪ӦԽơ
-
ϡ
Ϊ˽Ӵ֥ͺҶؾ͵ǰ
¸ͨãûüȥӭӣ֥ͺҶ߽ǰ
߽ǰһ˲䣬ҶҲû뵽ȡʹ͵ҡһ䣬˿Ͽ͡
һԵļ֥Ѿѿˣ޷ǾһЩôĻ⡣
ѹֱ˼֥⣺֪ة˹кҪ̣
ⲻ˵ĺ½ǰһ¡֥Ļ˵ί
ة˵ЦˣʲôҵĻ֪ġЦ˵ȴǰתǧأ֪֥ߵһ塣
ⲻ˵Ѿ˵ɲǺ𣿡
ҶҲǵһ£⽭ƶ˵׶ˣô˵׵ǶϷҶһʱ˵ɬ
Ϊʲô֪Ĵ£ЦŽ͵ةĻǶǺүһԸƶӣСͬ£¾ǺүҲ
Ҷ⻰ûв֪˵һΪڼȢֻ£Լ
֥ⷬǷ˲٣ǽܿǼҶҶҲʧΪԵһ׮
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ԺƼһ˵ةеϢ
̲ȥ뵽ǰҲϽϽ鱦Σǰȥ
֥ڵõ˰ȷĻش󣬾Ϳʼ˼ҳ
һԵĺҶΪ˲ֵעţ۹ҲĴƮֻܵͷ֡
Ҷ֮ʣͨͽˡ
һü˸ߣֻԵڼ֥ǰʧ˷ȣֻƢö˽
Ҷ˵Ǻ棬ʶôãûܵܣҲֻڿϯʱ򣬲ŶԽжš
ĶˣһĴ絹δѹӵķȣֻﴩԵΪӹס
ة˺СˡƼһĿ´ŵĶˣתͷԽ˵λ񡣡
ƼĻ֮
֥ҲƼƺûҲǿļ£ҲԸܣֻǿƼļƣǳͺҶġ
ƼҲǴ⣬˶֪ةԷʮ۰мӣϤչʮءةߣδⶨܴ󸻴
ϣûĸӶ˵֮⵱ĸλҲˡ
ƼڳδȨһգһҪǨƫԺӵʱ򣬼֥Ļط顣
֥תͷʵˣһλСӣһλǡ
ƼЦҲǽϣҲû뵽֥һͲ̨¡
һҲƼΣ֪ʱǰҰģδҲ̫ƽʱٿ˳ۣҲӦǰװ˳ӡ
ǽƼ˵˻
֥ͷϣһؼ飬δ׼һˣͱƼˣҲеѻ
˵Ҳû棺Ҫ֪ڸǿķˣҪҲֻܽû̹𣿡
ƼͽҲǱܳ軵ģƽʱҲ˵밲üƽЩ΢ĩڣαָ֥ɫҲһһ졣
Ҷ֪˼֥һƢزģغһ֥ȴյԷһ԰
ƼҲϹҲס˵ͻȻԺﻹеҪͲżλˡ
˵һߡ
صԺƼִһͨƢ֣һɵӣô˵ҡŮʲôǰǸڿ˭ء
ƼԻǿȰô˵
Сӣ첲ȴˣ㻹ûˡƼָŽͷ
Ҳ˻𣺡˵˶ٴˣ㶼ãǾͰĹӣ˺͸ҲûʹӣôͲǵĺá
Ƿûó
ô⣬Ҫ¶ҾͲͬ⣬Ҫô黹ǰ¶ҪΪҺãӦðֵ㡣˵ⷬҲˡ
ƼԭأһӦֻĬĬᣬȻ׶Ӷ
-
ǰеķΧƺûΪղŵСӰ˷Χ
Ƽͽһ뿪кŶȥԷ
ҶһԷ˾֮ǰڿסŵʱ;ſĳպãż𵱳͵СԺķˡ
ظ֥ͺҶϵķˣٹ㣬صóǰ׼ģǷʡңضζ
Ҷֻ֮ǰϿٹ㣬֪Ȼ࣬һʱ̾õģҲǲý
ϻŴӡƽ𼦺һЩʱ߲ˣ󾫲࣬ҲֻǶȴ˿ᶯӵ顣
ֱǰƣӴӺָˡ
Ժ͵ˣ˴ߴٵתͷ֥ͺҶ͵ƶͺιҲص緹
֥ȻüЦźúôһеδŮһԵĺҶͲðͷиضѡһֻ
ƴƹ磬ߵ˷Աߣһһʺá
ҶӬغӡ
Ƕ˲ʶôİҲǿ֮
֮ǰҶԺιһֻδȵιĴ𸴣غιǱŽĳɡĸ׽͵
ǣǡҶԥ˰죬Ƿ
ǽҶΧ˵縮ﻹ£ҶӰɡ
Ž˵ĻǶϲ


51 
һٷԼ֥Ǳˣ˱߳Ա˵ҲǺò֡
ǶԺҶʳ֪ζǽƸһӵĲҲûӦֻ֪
վںֳһºҶ·Ҷź֪ʶв˵ǽơ
ҶҲûҲȻȻװֻ֪Ƕ˵СȻûӹϵĳ
֥Ϊдǽæǰæһ磬ڴеҲõ˿϶Ļش𣬾Ÿǡ
ŽƷҪغָýƽͳš
ſڣֲ֥ȴתԺҶ˵ҶҶ㿴⽭ӲҪȥָ㲻Ҫȥмϸǳӣ͸ŽһߣȻظˡ
䣬óˡ
ʻߵĳ߸ߵطںҶǰҶվԭ㶣ŷӦ֥ˡ
֥Ľδҵ̫ӲˣҶаԱԹ
߰ɡƶźҶ˵
Ǹǳӵĵطܺͺָ˳·ҾͺáҶתҪӿ
ȴû뵽ƸҸҲżһߡ
һҶҲᣬֻܱųĬǽĵĬĬš
ת˼ֽǣΧİĳҶŷ֣Ȼһ仰Ҳû˵ȴڸ·ڽ·һʵ
УŵĹ㡣
Ҷɳɳڲŵ˵Ľ졣
𽥵ˣҶҲŵǳ
̯ϵ̷ߺţǳӣʵǳһ
Ҷü֥δҪԣȻ·һҲ޷ϰ壬һǳӡ
ϣ۹⣬ӵĸͷĲ˵ǸĴ󣬻𣬲ҪǮ
̷˵Ҳͣɰʯеǳӣװֵֽ˵࣬㣬̡
Ҷմ׼õͭӽ̷ȺŵǳӣÿһΪϡԵ͹žŲıƤԵĹĳ嶯
ҲûطǣҶҲǿס
ƻ˹ˣ
ҶͷɳǳӵķҷζУˣŶҪٸһ
һԵ̷̻ɳã̲廰λӣӣִ𡣡
Ƶ˵ͷҲһҶ潭ƸǮһֱңҲѵһء
ûУ֮ǰҳǡ˵
ҶļڴҹһȦصԭλǸ
ǸǺҲ𡣡˵
ӦͦóԵġҶ˵˳Ĭ
ǳȵĴиֽ˺ҶģҶ΢һ˿ů⡣
죬ǿһʱ䡣
ҪڶԺҶ˵ʲôܵĻὫҶܣֻĬһźҶⲽ˼ҡ
ةฮſڣƲſ˵˻ιÿңҲġ
ƾÿ̫ðˣŽҶˡ
Ҷϴε֮˺ܾãǶԽûĽ֮飬ǰȻദΪúͽƲһˡ
δǺμ˸ȵ˼ҹӣֻƾŬ˽˹ݣԴ
ûᷢ츲صı仯ͽƴƽߣͻȻһֱ߹䣬˽㡣
ûж㣬ֻںܻңҲ֪øĴ𸴡㣬罫ʵ˵ٸҵʱ𣿡
ãҵ㣬Ƹ˿϶Ĵ𸴣ȽȥɣӦڵ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷת˸š֥ںҶķ
ҶҶˣǳҲˣǺͽӹôҶż֥е֡
ǳһţҶ˼Ӱ˳ڿϣƵ֥ǰҪԵӡ˵ǲʲôҡ
֥ظܵҶƺҲٹĨǣҶҶýΪΣ
Ҷ룺Ϊͦõģ֮ǰ¥ʱҲûʲôӡԳԵķҲо֮ܶ˾ӣֻе١
ҶΪ֥֮Զ̽ƵΪˣӰ쵽Ĺˣ˺õ˵Ҷϸ룬ƺҲûʲôȱ㣬ǸӣʱȴҲͦġ
ڼ֥һ⾰ȻҶԽҲкøУҲʱƶһ¡
֥ߺ󣬺Ҷ˷ҳʳ飬¥ʳϲûУͽʱμ͹ȥ
Ȼû취¥ҪΪμһٲٵҲǺõġ
¸׼ţͱĵסˣ˼֥Ժ
һʼŵһ£ΪС̬ȿܹڷ鴫˷˵ĶҪйȥ
ܵ𷣣ֵûصٲźСôƽ׽˵ˡ
ȴû뵽˼֥ǰһھһ·С㣬֪СͽӸղ·˵˵ʲô
ʵҲЩ޹ؽҪ飬Ҳ㱳С㣬ͽһһʮظһ顣
˵⽭˵ҶҶʲô
ϴΣ˵СԸ⣬ͰŹס
˵ŷ˵©죬С㲻£Ҳֻǲõᣬ˵ӦùϵҲ
»ǲΡΡض˽ԣˣС㲻ᣬǧ˵ū˵ġ
ֶ֥һۣڼ֥УҶͽƵ¾ܻûףȴǰ϶顣
£úãʱҪ³ˣһú㡣
Ҳ֪Ļܳʲô£ֺͷ˶ϲ֮У˵ҪС¡
֥µ˼Ҳϣʹߡ
뿪ʱĵؿڣ¥ķ߹ȥˡ
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һߣп縮ݵʱҽơ
ȴȴӰ
ֵ˰Σпûȵˣȥָſڵ̯ϳ棬׼˵ʱ򣬿˽ƴԶһǳ߹
пһ˼ͭϣߵȥָָеǳӣһΪȥĶˣԭȥˣôǳҲҡ
˵п־ҪֽӣҲ
ȴֽӹпֵķŲ
һǳӣ𣿡пʮֲ˽ۻۡ
ǣ㲻ܳԡҪԼ򡣡ƺ˵
ҿͬһҹôҪɱ޼ףǺιô죿
˵ʲôƾɲʵ
пŲƴڻļ϶͵һӣֽƵķӦƺȫ֪£ˣ㲻֪ҵվһĥŸȢ׶ԡ
ҪŵĽƣķߡ
ôȥˣ׫ͲˣпڽƵı󺰽š
ȴŵػ˿
-
ݵƻˣҲûϢͷ
ôˣ˵Ժǳô£
һƲʶһιçײˣֻŰʹҴææػˡ
˵ԺѾ˴ˣⲻ·ϵǳӣ˵
ҲǽŽɣҲˣ˵ɡ
Ǹɱ޼ʲô£
Ϊ£ͬŴ
ǣҵĻţ˳վס֮ǰǸ˵ƶ˵
ý˵Ļʵô죿
һֱΪ֮ǰƸˣֻӱ˵׵Ȩ֮ߡ
ǣҪǹˣȢûйϵ㲻һֱҲϣҲҪ١˵
ǹ٣ȷ㲻ٿǿǡȻȷʵϣԶٳԼãԺǧԹԡ
ٲϲٱϾһٺ»ڣǴ˹٣ܱض߳ŭ˽ڸӡʱ򣬽Ƶƶ⡣
õģҶѾ׼ˡ
ڸеöȻ϶ߵĸеķ۸ʹͶڿⷿǴʹ¥


52 
ϣ˲һܣ۵ּѾ䲼
еǣ̡Ǵ˵سɽ룬ƫƧƽ̶ӶԸ·
۴˾ǽ߽һԶǣӨҲù
ķҲһͬǲԶ˳ǣ˼壬̶ıؾ֮أ紾ӣҵ١
Ҳһ£˳ǰؼɡ
ʥּ۶̬ҲǸС
ͥ䣬뿪ǵգеҲֻһˣǿŮϡ
෴ȻҪŰݷõӣҪܡ
صʥּҲ˰
ڶһݣͻ˻ظýš
Լʱֵĸţȥ鷿
Ҳû˵׻ֱ⣺һ¥ɡ
£ϴξѾ˵οڷѾˡƼϴε˵
þƾ˵ңҪ֪˳ǲԶǿӱޣһվܵˣˣֺαس¥¥ƺҲûɿڵĴ㡣
ȴ˵ýżҲб޳Īʱ򡣡
вңԽƵĻɬ̬Ⱥǲ
ңҲ̡Ҳ˿ʾ
˼Ƭ̣¥ٺ»Ҳû١
Ȼǰʹͣ¥
ҲЦˣ㵹Ǵụ́ҲУʱ¥ĵҲһˡĿҲǮƹͬһ𽻽ǾӪƣͲҪˡ
ȻǶлˡƹֵл
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Ǯƹһ˵¥¶֪˾¥Ҫҵ¡
ǮƹΪ˶üչ
Ǯƹڹ̨ϱ̷Ǯʲôֲⷹᶪ
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¥ͦõ𣿡뿪һ˵
ǮƹҡͷŽһɸֵ˵Щֻںշˣ֪ʳľõģûɱߣʳҲУͱ
ǾͶ۵ߵ㡣Ҳĵظ
˵͵˲ǮƹŽǰεӷͽ򷢵ȥ
ǰŸߣƺž˽
Ǯƹ񿴵Ҳֲֻ֣ʱҪˣҲûкֻش˸к
Ǯƹʿˡߵַ̨ϵ˱
Ǯƹ񽫸ղűԹĶԭģԭ˵һ顣
꾲Ĭһ˲˵ûϵа취
Ǯƹƺӻһ˿ĲԾ⡭Īǽֹ¥
û˵Ĭһʵ
ǮƹŽվǰĬط˱ٻղ˵Ļӡ֤Զʧĸ֡
ڽƲûΪǮƹֻ΢һ˱Ǯƹ˵ȵʽһٵǮƹϸ˵
ǮƹŽȥıӰҲֳһʣ⽭ƽʱȻһ͵ĺÿˣӲˣֻǿδܵһõľ¥ˡ
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ʣ㽫ٹ͵¥ҵ˵ʲôҶ䵹ز֪ʳס
գȥʱ򣬺ʦ˵¥ͽ˽磬˵תġ»ش
Ҷ˰죬ҲӺμҴǱйʳףԭʳĸ֥һ壬ô˵ҲǳڴӾֹ״̬ͻȻæµٻЩ͡
ݹҹĺ춹΢һ춹ɳСԲ
׼ȥԺſڱֶ֥¸á
׼ȥ춹ɳԲӣҲһݹȥҶΪֻ֥ɢɢԺſڡ
춹ɳ鲻żԸһóҲɡº˵֥ҪȥĺҶ˻
ʲôôżҶⶼܵĺ춹ɳ
˵ҲͦҲر𼱡֥һͷ˵ǸĻǶˣ뷨ǱҲ˵ˡ
֥Դӿ֮󣬾˵֮Զ֮ԶҲȻϣҶиõĹ㲻顣
ˣ֥Ϳʼ˸˲ѾҶﻮ˼ױռ֥ΪͬҶġ
ҶҶ˵ʵľÿҽ˺𣿡
Ҷǲžһ˿Ĺ죺ôһֱʽӵ飿
֥ҲǴͺҶ˵ʵⲻ˵ҪϽһ£ҿĽӾͲ˵Ҳͦǲǣ
վںҶ£ʱŻعζˣ֮ǰȥĿľȻ
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ⲻ˵Ӷ˽¸ˣҾ˽¶˲Ҫ߹ö
Ҷŵƺ׵£˵ֻͽƶ֪ʱҶ⿴վһԵ£ͷ
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ǺˣһԥҶҲ֥̹ף˵ҹӣھةฮݻǻᱻڸҾΪãͲӦýЩȥ
ʹ뷨Ȼ˵ֻѾȫ׼Ը̹ףΪβʵأ
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ʱ֮ԶҲǸ֥̹ϣһ߹ôķ꣬ةְλҲ˼֥Ը޸Сӣн졣
˵ۿ֮޲ã֮ԶȻĹ֮ˣȻὫ֥ǰο֥Ϊة࣬ûжŮҲöŮΪϵЩȨĹߡ
Ҷü֥Ҳ˵֥ΪˣЩ߿ñҪͨ͸ࡣ
֪ˣһʱͽ̸һ̸ġҶɢ˵㡣
ã׾ͺãȻͨˣҪȥ춹ɳȥɡ֥ҲҶڴԭغ˼ԣڳæµá
¿źҶͨ£ƺǰĲֻﻹźθղζһۡ
һͳа˺ҶҪֵ顣
ҶҲΪô±͵վǱ˫ֽǰĺҶ
ʵ̲סȿ˿ڣС㣬ǼҵĴҲҽڡҪͷɡ
ˣϴϵô졣ҶҲں˵
Сˣɡһ㲻úҶ֣ҶҲֻܸվţ·ص¥ѧͽʱ
ʱ򣬹´ǰ浽˳ҶӣС㣬ƹպǰ¥һ𡣡


53 
¥ſڣͱ͵Ӱﲻ
ةฮռǵȴͣ¥ĺſڣ´ӳҶں̤βŷźҶӳ
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ӴҶˣþʱûˣͦ񡣡
ɫةฮûǺҶڴ·һˡ
¥ˣһҲɻҶڵݣźҶţҲżΨֱ֮ġ
μƺûкҶķҲںæµţҶһ۾Ϳ˺μ߷ŵţ顣
ţģҶ˼ʳ˿ڡ
ȷʵţ鲻̫ң֮ǰʱ򣬺Ҷţֻۣ¶෬Ҳûҵȶţ̼ңҲֻա
μʶҶˣţ֮ǰũ͹ģ˵Ҳûô׷ᣬʲôôˣ
գ˵ңҵԷҶҲʵش
˵˽ƽҪԷصغԼĿʱ䡣μϲͣʱ䣬ţҴ˸ȥ㲻ϲġ
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μҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôʱܰѽϰ߸ˡ
ںҶźҶС㣬ʱ쵽ˡ
Ҷ뿪˳żȥƿţֽѾˡ
ˡҶԴǸ˵
ˣûеȺܾáƻش
ǮƹҲ֪ƽնż䣬ֲڽ˵飬صż
Ҷȴû뵽ǮƹǮƹ񣬺þò
ǮƹҲΪƽճԷΪ˹ٳ飬Ҳû뵽ԷǺҶֻܽԭֺõĻ˻ȥιչþòҪʲôҸϽԸȥ
УǾͷǮƹˡƶǮƹ˵꣬תͷȥźҶ㿴ʲôԵġ
Ǯƹ̵Ͽʳľ壬⻹ںҶĽ²ȥƵģ⽫ÿ˵ľƶڴٵ㵥ľ
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Ȼϲ˱ζȷʵǴСȡ
ƼҶ˼Ȳˣټθˡ
ټģҶȴţң㿪ھܾˡ
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˵Ҳ޷ԤҶҪ˵Щʲô
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ҲûдӦҾǲʣҾͲ˵׵¡Ҳںʲôˣ㡣
ҶŽĿƵؿҲǲ
ԴӴԽѾƾźҶݹӣֻżڽǰڻǰ飬ܹȥѵõǴ˵ˡ㡱Ļ
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Ҷ˽ƵĻشܾýƺʲôҪ飬ֵ˻Ӱ콭ƵľҲֻܼڲԡ
лʵģ˲ô˵˵䣬ҪʵģҶܻش㡣ֱźҶʮֳϿҵ˵
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ҶƵֱҲŪ΢΢һ㶣Цˡ
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ſڵС˶ŽպõĲͿμվſڣ̻ңһʱҲ֨
μղſżڵĶ˵ˡס͡ȢĹؼ־ûóȻȥֻſ͵˵̸
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Сһ֪ص˵ͷҺðľع
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ʱҶһΪѿڶղźʦżſͽġ
С˵꣬ûзӦѾʳˣûзӦֻǸˡ
ҶȴǺͽƶһۣɵʵղſ˵ҵżſڣ
ǣʦǵ̸ûнȳԺ÷ǺʦڣҺһͬȥϾʦҲ㸸ף۽ΣҪصġɫ
ҶҲȷʵ罭һǲĺμ˼룬Ͼ֮ǰԸýȴûɹ
żԴ컵գҲʧһɶҶֻҪμ顣


54 
ûãƾȥ˺μ䵽ż
ԭȥμͣҲǸʺϾ˵ĵط
μ仹ûȽƺͺҶ˵˵ɣҽʲô¸˵
ղſǲǶˣԲûҶСѯš
μﰵСˣôС¶û©˳ȥˣҪʲô𣿡
ʦȢҶͬ⡣Ҷûڣǰļ˺Ҷһ۲ż˵֪ȻҶȻةฮɽĸףҲӦ
ղźμſʱ򣬾ҲȨٹʺҶοںҶҲŮ
ֻҪةةͬУûʲôμĬһ˲ֻ㵽ʱҪڻ磬ʳһҰöһõġ
μ俴źҶӤһ·ôҪˣҲǸпǧ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôŽƺͺҶͻ˺
ҶŽճʱ򣬼֥̽񣬾ûǲҪʱΪü֥ԲЩе顣
ƽҶ͵ةฮſڣ˰˵ҵ׵һ졣
˵Ҷת߽ةฮһ߻һ߰԰գǲ˵Ĺֱ
¿˿ԼС㣬ȻҲûϵԼС˵ֿ˿ƣֺ߾ȻЦˡ
СôãһμЦСԽԽԶıӰǸϽ׷˹ȥ
ƼҶǴӦˣӻó¥ĵ˿
ԭǴҶģʱȴָ⣬ľٶμҶʩһѹװֻһͨķ
ֻû뵽ڷֱڵ㣬Ҷһ׼ȷĴ𸴡
첽߻˿Ժ
첻Էˣ
׼ȥּͻ顣˵
ôǼģһлôӳ飬ýѵôʧ˷ִ磬
ȸ˵ļҹ
ةฮҵġڲ
֮ʵ˵ףϾ֮ǰʹƾļҹߵýǸʱ͵õ˲ȷĴ𰸡
ǺүǱô˵ǲǻû˵Ҳ֪ϲСʱḶ́ܽôҲȥ˵
ʥּȻ֪ˡһܾͽܹͨӡ
Ҳ֪ƺ˵ͨȢô£Ҫ˵һ
ŵ˵ͷϣܻܴϷ˿һ
-
ϣܵڶŭص˽ƷʱĽ֣ǡдҲǡƽľĸ֡
ĸ֮ý֮ԣô飬㶼˵ǲǷˣһӣƸպдһʡ
Ϸ˶֪ˣǶ˶ͬˣҲ֪ˡƵƽ޲·ԽŭĲȵʱһȥסҲø׷ġ
ԴöȶǸҿʲô£ܿƺ˵ֱţͷ죬÷ȥ
ֱƼԺȥƼһٱԹһԵĽ⿴ʢŭĽܣùҲֻ˱ס
ƼһҪȢةฮҵŮŵռ֥һҲ飬Ҳһʼڽ˵ЩĴԣ֥жɵҶ¥ʱŮϵңܵĨةฮ
һԵĽԻǹϣƫƫҲЩ
˲ע⣬͵͵˳ȥ䵽˽ƵԺǵһ硣
˴Ӳ֪δ˳˫ֱǰŽ⡣
һʼҲе飬תһ£磬ͦţҸ硣
˴һõһߣ·ø
ߵ鷿ſڣ̽ͷһֽ֣ͷҲû̧Խ
Ҳ֪ôģ˽ȥߵߣдš۲ӡ
Ǹ¸˵û飬ŽղƼԺзһи˽ƣ˳͵֪ԣ֮ǰȰҲ
һ˲ŭ⣬һԵġƽľĸѹȥû뵽ǽ˵ЩƳһۣ֪ڳ𣿡
ҲˣôܽгֻϣﲻҪôִôͷ˴ûп˿һһߣﴦǡ
һģҲǽŪе£һʱҲ֪ǰܵģĻ̫š
磬ģ֧ɩӣ֮ǰ;ɩɺóˡŽƴŻóĵܵ׽
ĿͻȻһԲ輸ϵӸˣƳĿķȥģԾԼá
̿ˮĽʳҲֻ͵͵ԣӸҲĶ߽ôϢҲйһӸҲ֡
ҿԶ𣿡
Ƶ˵ͷͶһ̵Ӹ⻶ϲص뿪ˡ
Ųĸ׷Ӹ⣬Ҳû߳ƵԺӣʯϾͿʼһԵҲֻǶŽľٶԵüˣؿڣ˵ҪҪһԡ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǸɰͰ͵ĶʲôóԵġ
Ҳ︹˲ͣôóԵӸ⣬Ũӵĸζζ
ƿͥԺĽҲǱŪò֪룬Ҳûֵ˼ֻϷ
һЩ»Ǿ綨Ƚϰġ
-
ʹУϣۡ
һźŵĹĲһ飬Ȳ裬˵̫ˡ
۲ͷػӻ֣ΪǼ£ȥæţ
СŽ۵Ŀʹ̫ӣ̫ҲûپתˡҲۡ
һʡġ۸п
С˵̫Ҳпԡ
㵱޲֪̫֮ǰӸ㣬ǰ˵ûȢռǹŶûС۽Ź
ŵ̹ȴ۷䣺ū֪
ɣӿǲù˱ȥҲȱ˸չ˵ˡһ仰⹫ˣֻǾùȴǸĵ
ƽ·Ϻͳ̫ײ˸ţ̫ͣ˸̫ӵػӦһ¡
̫ȥıӰƸĿᶨŹȥ
ǰּҲٴɻ󣬽տҲҪǰּο£Ϊβ


55 
ҲҪϳкҪּĵزۿһž͹µĽ˵
ϰ⳼Ĺְƽͷ˵ϡ
۶ԽͻľٶҲǲ⣺ȱſͷȸ˵˵ǴǸ򳳼ˣֵǰˡ
ǣ󡣡
˵Ҳ֪ݵһ
ּȢة֮ŮҶʥϳȫֽͷؿ˱Ĵשϣ𽥴Ӷͷȴû۵ͷ
ǹʲôϵǹ֮ةὫԼŮ޸Сۺؽʵ
ǹ٣пӻϾοƾҲһԵ̬δܹСƴʱҲ֮̽⣬֪۶Կ̬Ρ
һֱҵ䳼ͱ˸ҵ벿ֵıȨοʹıȨڿУ۶мӣҲѱһͻ𣬴Ӷ
֪Сӵ˼ˣԭΪĴԶǼٵģڿмģż¾ӿۣҪȥӵȥˡ
٩ȴҵģֻܾʵѸ棺ֻȢռҵĹڸʳҵĴ÷⡣
˵ֵⷬΪֻǽҶƳһơ
޻ûӦּ˳Զ㶼׼ˣǲּˣ
ƴ۵ĻƺΪĻвֻܽһؽ͵ңռҹʶѾãͶϣŶּ
֪ˣ޻ú˼һ󡣡Ҫƴ򷢻ȥ
ۼȻѾô˵ˣƱ㲻ܽһ۵𸴣ǳڸϵȻϵʥּ
Ѿ̬ȣӦѾ⡣
ŽƵıӰʧ⣬۲૵˵СӣǸСʱһ顣
Ʋûв´۵˼ΪƾѧӾٰһΣҵΪѾûϼɵ취бȨο۱ƾȨλãǴһһȨ׼Ĺ١
ƴǹٵľٶҲһֱ̬Ϊ˱ϮĺλȻҲԱȨ졣
ϵ۳˼һʱ̫ܹ˵ʥּù
ȫ̵ĹʵϣҪ˽޵Ը
СӵԸ˭Ըǻʱ䣬Ҳǽҵȼü֮ЦһؽҲ˷Żἱæܵղ̫Ҳײ˸š
֪̫ǸõĴϾľֻȢҶľٶδ̫嶯ҴӸҴ󳼵ĽǶ̫Ӳλá
ο֮ԶҲȻҲǲԸʧıŮ޵ʼ̶ȻǸ⽫Ҷơ
Ҽŵԣ֮ܳԺҶ˵ҲǸõĹôֶֺΪ
۽дõʥּһŵͬʱҪεʹͣԵʥ̫ǱҲҪҲ̫Ϊǿڱʹշӣŵ׮µĸ洵
ԽԽͷ󣬱ԸߵĹһͽʥּ͵Ҹϣ⴫ҹ꾡ٰ죬ֻҲܰһ㡣
-
峿֮Զٷ֥׼š
Ĺ֮Զةһּةӹٳš
֮Զͼ֥һۣ֮ԶŹ˵֪Ǻ£
Ȼϲ£ȥСҲźּ֮ԶĿȻǿͿϾλҲһ֮£֮ϵȨ
ָ֥ϽȥҶйڵȺҶǰʱ䣬ةฮѾĹ˱Ȳ衣
ҶˣǹűʾٵˣּˣʵگԻռСҶԸ˳ӽةฮŮҶʷ䣬ش˴ͻ飬Գɼ֮մˡ
ҶȻһףʥּô죬Ҳ⧲
֮ԶþٳȷӦ˹źҶ˵Ÿʲôּ
ŮҶּҶӹĻƲּ
͹ϲةˣҲҪȥˡ
ҲǼ˳ˣһӸ͵Ҳմմϲȥȸ裬Ըġ
ӹʧ˽ϡ
нԶ֮Զֱ˵Ǻ£ֻջҪҪһͬˡ
֥ҲǿźҶеʥּЦһͰһȥ緹
-
ͬʱϣһλҲʥּ
ʥּּСĵؽ˽ƣȻл
Ҳɫ죬еȻҲ潭ƽ¶ϲá
һֵӣҲ֪ΪƵĻδ㡣
ֻƼе㲻ʣû˵ƻȢةฮҵŮΨһİǺҶةǧǰĳĨģҲһ
ǵ˿УûǸҲǸġ
Ƽȴû뵽Ļû˵꣬ʥּ֮⣬˻ϵĿͣޣϸ˵ְλ͵вţǡ˵Ҳûʲô͵ģ˳ǱһլӣȳɼˣԿԺչȥס
Ƽû˶ãֱԭ͡
۴˾ҲǸýн˵ڽ̫ӵŭǨŭϣҲɱڷ
Ʊ㣬ҲԱúҶڿ۴˾Ҳڽ
ؽͳţлԷںصһ˵Ϳࡣ
ʥּĽҲΥڼ¶Ц⣬ȴʥּûһɫ
֪ʥϻּܲõ˵
ȥµּ
ȥ֮ǰʹҵ㶼ûķܵ𽥰θߣҪͽƳܵļơ
£ǲ⣬ԽջسƶŽһһ˵
㣬Фӣ÷ȥҲ֪µּ⣬ûջһ˵ҲֻǷйһ¶ԽƵŭ
Ƽ״̸˹ȥû뵽ûͱܸˣֻܻػԺӡ
ߵߣ磬ϲ㣬óԸ
ƿ˽һۣ˵лл
ƻشҲŲһϣ緹ҲûԣǶӶˣ磬Ҿͻȥ緹ˡ
ʱÿһĻŽƴȤʲôʱܵôˣ
е¡Ҳ̹ףǽܵ﷢һͨɧҲ̾¶ģȥʹּˡ
Ǳʥּˣ֪ܱ˹飬ˣȥ緹ĽƵı˵Ҵϵк·ҲŻϾóȵƬࡣ
Ҳ˵һ֣߰ɡ


56 
һδ۴ͻةฮͿʹ˴С
һûüȢˣżͿ챻ϲһһ˸̤ˡҶԼ·æлݷõɶл͡
УпڽƵԺŶȿĹӣһشȤŽƣҵ˵Ժιﶯĵʱ㻹һɽӣڶҪ˹Ȣؼˡ
УƸ׼ţͱпĻԺ
ղųҪȥ˭㲻һּȥҺιɣпɲˣôͷץᣬ𽭳ء
ȷʵǴȥҺҶҲûֱӻشпһʣͳɼҹôˣ
пһ̾͸˪һ㣬ˣ˵ˣ¸մǼҸϣͲҴ͵ɱ޼׸ˣ˵㶯ôô죿
ƴʱǲ֪ҶյʥּʲôӦҲǹп
пƵĮӣ˵˷ϲ¾ˬ»ƽʱ㰵дϣҪȥ¥һ٣ʱҸһݳصĺ񡣡
ҲԵòˣˣ¥;ͿĺֵֵˡƸп
пֵĻңҲ֪ŶеûȤҲٹضֻδгһһҪڽһٷ
-
ةฮУʱҲ˺Ҷ޷ܾ͡
͸ںҶԺһִٵڷ˵ǲǲ̫ãϾڴݶһˡ
ʲôϵǰҲҲһˣסͬһµġҶе㲻⡣
һºĺף˵Ǻﳳ˵ҪȰҲȰס߶ˡ
ﱻ̴˺ֱ£Ǹ˵ҽ㣬ͻȻҪǲǻᾪʧ룬ĵպˣҲ˵ҽ㡣Ҳ֪˭һʼ˵һŻ˵ңǸһġôеģʲôõĵġ
̾˵øĭĽҲ˵ò˼ֻ˵㣬ⲻҲþòˡ
ͻȻѹʺҶҪ֪ţةة˲Ϊɣ
ô᣿Ҳˡ
ҶĻش𣬸һ¸ͲֻӲҪȥӹ豭Ǳ±ܿǰ
̾һҲû뵽մ˺ҶĹ⣬гһգбһ졣
㣬μ˵ǸǲǰһֱؼҵǸװһ˵ӣŲ˵
ǰҶźҲЦ
᲻书Ҫ˫ȫ˲ҽ㣬ﻰͷһתҪϰ䣬ܲ书
˵˰죬Ϊѧ쳣ִšϧ˵꣬ͱ̴һͷ֪Ϲ˵
ֺ̡ͺҶһҳҲ˵úҶú׼ޣҪæľ;˵ǰڴׯҲæٳֹ硣
⻰˵̶ò˼ةฮĻƫƧܱȵϵġ
̽쿴ҶҲǺ棬׮Ҳûв߱Թŷĵȥڻȥ·ϣŴӺ˵Ҷ뽭ʶѾãпοźҶҲǵˡ
һߣ¾ͿʼæʰϵĲߣҶҲе㷦ˣǼ֥˵̣ǲϵƵļƻ
ŪúҶҲǿЦãȻǴԽûʲôδ֪ܣο۵˼涼ûεܲµġ
ʱҲвٽķŷףأ֥ȫˣףصҲˣֻ̽ġ
ϾƺͺҶĴͻʥּһԸλҹС˵˲ʧȥֱͨŵӡ
ԸС˵ƾǴе湫ӣ׿ûҲвٶѾİҶǰʱĻȸߣֱβƽտ¶֪
λĴͻҲ벻ʵ˵ļҲԵȣǼѧԨԴֻ֮ڵ¼࣬˽յĹԡ
ôһ룬˵ֿο˲١
ԭ֮Զ˵ҪظԷһͬףһ£ȴͻȻ˵мѲҶҲȥͼ֥˵һ췦ˣó͵伴ɡ
ýʱⶼһ㣬ûεɵڴϣȴ洫ĶΪôʹӺȡ͡
ȴ벻ˣôˣ
Ҷ²ͨһܹ»֪ͨһҲûУƾϢس˺ҶԺ
ָָҶԺǽǽġҲ֪ةฮſ˵в۾ڶţֻѡ˶Ŀķʽ˿ʵ
ǡҶûͨҲƻ裬ȻҲӦ˵ʱ
ǽСû˵ġǿ˺Ҷɻ󣬽͵
ẉ̂ԺĳһʱҲ˵ӡ¿ٽ̷ŵϣǲӦýռ˵Ȼ˶ˣС㻹δţҪ˼ЩҲǣҲԡ
ǺҶ˵㲻ȥԺſţǲ˻
ҶҲ֪ԺӦҲ̫˹ΪԷһǶ¿ŵ㡣
뿪֮󣬽Ʋſ˿ڣ㣬ҵʥּ̫ͻȻᱻŵ
е㡣ҶҲʵʵ˵Ҳû뵽ʥּô죬û˼ܿ㶨Ҳͦõġ
Ҷ˵ŷӦùֱˣֻת⣺𣿡
û
һԵɡҶ˵꣬
ʱ򣬺ҶŷݷǴһ˳Եģֻһ˫ӣһʱΣȥһ˫
ҶȥԺſ£ͱԭλˣҲҿԣҴȥԡ
ڶĽƣҶţҲûƽʱ䣬źҲҴ
ƿźҶҲǾȤʵҲǵһͬԷҲ֪ΪͻȻ;ִӦþˣ˵ǳ֮ǰǲܼġңȥݸţԻ㡣
ţáҶߺͺŶ߻ӦŽơ
⿴źܺóԡƿź䣬һ㾧Ө͸ĹҲ˾üꤡ
ǳպóԵģ㳢ҶʶҪеǰʶҲûС
ȴҶĿǰԵ˿ϼŵĺ⡣
ҶͻľٶˣҲԭأŷӦղʲôϷ˺Ρ
ƼҶҲɬֻǵͷÿӲͣشķͲͷ
ˣ԰ɣҲؼҳԷ
Ҷûü˵ͿƼ̤ͷǽҶֻѧͷڲõδͿԳˡ


57 
Դʥּةฮæòɿָ֥˽ⷿŵʹһһ˱㣬׼ŸҶյļױ
Ҷ֥Ժŵʱ򣬾ͿôһַǷľ󣬿ææˣü֥ǲеļϾδףҲû
ҶҶ㿴ϲʲôϲģҶ㵱ױȥ
Ҷľųɶѵ޳Сװ鱦ΣҲ࣬ҲǵһμةฮЩ档
ر࣬Ҳ˵ǮҶ֮ǰ¥ÿ׬ǮڳԴøģҲ˵Ǯ
֥⻰ҲǲϹ˵ʲôةฮĶģҪҲûйϵҺҲûã񣬸ʹ֮⣬ô
Ⲽ㶼ţھͶ·
˷ѣҲϲЩٻҲûá֥Щ֮Ҳ⡣
ҶЩҲȱȱ֥ԵſһգƸٸҶһֻ಻ٵļױ
˵۴һլӸƣǶ˳ɻûվͿ԰ȥסˡ⵹ǺãҲෳա
ҶΪľٶٻᱻϳɲТľٶȴû뵽֥̹Ȼһڡ
һʱġҶż֥Ҳ΢е㶯ݣһû£֥ȴΪ롣
Ϲ˵޹ȥ͸СӺúùӣ쵣ǡǺҲǸ׵ģҸҲ˵ӡ
֥źҶ˵˵强ʱ򣬹˵μãμΪȻ޷Ժģֻм֥ͺҶǰǰȥӴõĺ
ǰ飬֪οڣ֥ͺҶˣӭȥ
ҶŽղǽڼգ¥ӦճӪҵҲû뵽μʱš
μһӦǿ֥ɫԷ޲ãŷ
Ҷӣҽةة˵ģº˵μĻҲҺҶɵģҲϣҶ̸ܹܿ
ҶҲ˺μ仰Ǳ̨ʣŴ˴ŶҲΪĻ£Ȼȥˣġ
뿪ʱ򣬺Ҷĵؿһۣ̽һ˾˵Щʲôվùڿ⣬Ǵ»˷
ǰղûкҶеǰأڣ֥ȿ˿ڣʦſΪҶҶĻ¶
ǡμҲû뵽֥˿żɽƺҲǺ޽١
֪ҶҲǺʦһָģе飬ȻҺ֮ԶȲģԺʦţضǡ
֥ⷬǽҶӻةฮʱ򣬺μ֮Զ˵ֻһֱǵҲΪһŮ˸󣬾һʸȨˡ
ֱΣ¹ϵҶ£Ųš
μӻֳһƱϣϿҵؿż֥˵ˣôҸҶܵļױҲ֪ةฮضȱǮϾҿųĺӣЩǲٵġ
μΪ֥ҪƾһҪ£⻰˵ܶҲةฮ档
֥ȴҲ˿ڣƱ£Ҳ㵱һƬ⣬ҲȻߺҶ
Ͳˣ֪ˣǲˡ̹˵ҼҵҲ˲٣Ҳһֻ֣ȮӣźҶһţҶԲסμ俪ڽ͵
ʦǧô˵Ҳ֪ҶҶǸģȻ֪ĿԵġ֥ο
μҲûٶ˵ֻǷƱ˵ٵŰݷá
֥ĿźμȥıӰҲ̾Ҷãû⣬ܶһ˼ҡ
ϵһƱ𣬼֥˺ҶſڣҶҶҽˡ
ûж֥Ŷ룬ֺҶڷҶŻȥĵطҲֻʣˡ
ȻҶڳĽײ̣ǺҶصøصشţ飬ýɢⶬһ˿
ҶҶл˵
ҶͣϵĶȥ𣿡
ȥˡҰ㣬֥Ʊȫ˺ҶУʦģŰɡ
ҶʱеƱɽ󣺡Ŀ𣿡
Ȼģˣ֥˸ҶıԼɡ
ʱ򣬺Ҷû˼ײ̣ͻ˷һƱڷתһ룬󣬺Ȣ׵ʱģá
ûã¾һţˣС㣬⽪ײ̺ûɹ
ҶһɢŽ֭ζţ飬ùһڣǻҲûԭ̼ζֻܰο£Ǹղҽ֭ţıûеԡ
˼ų˱֮⣬ţĻҲǸ⣬ϾҲû¶ȼƣ׼ȷյײ̵̵㡣
-
֮һҲݲúҶȥʵ齪ײȷеĳɹ
ةฮҵĻѾܹĵճ̣֮ԶͽҲö׵ӡ
һգܡ񡢽Ϸ˴ýһةฮΪʥּ£Ҳ߸ҪľǸةฮĿƸ񵥺öӡ
ѡһգ綩˶ʮգصѡ˹ҵҲؼŲٰ죬еϾ͸ʱ׼й˻һС
ֻʱһöƺͺҶ˾Ͳܼ棬ֱӭ׵һա
֥֮ԶйغҶƸ񵥣Ҳ˿ʮĳ⡣
ܾԽ۱ϾΥοϷƸҲǸѵѡ
һ̸֮Ҳôö
æŻؼ֪ͨһϲѶֽƲڿ
-
Ҷ£ȴƵģǰ濴ֵĳȥҳ졣
ͻȻ䣬ҶǽߴĶƺҶµɳɳвƽ졣
һŷֽƲ֪ģַǽԺҶҲֲ֡
û˷𣿡Ҷʵ
ûСƻشҲǵȻȻоǱ˷־ͻᱻͼı֮ˡ
ͷӦøߣô͹ˣҶҲǲ⣬˵̸£˫˲ڳǽӦþ˹
ƸѾˣһӦõ㡣
˵ŴӻóһСľУҶע⵽ָһЩϸܵС˿ڡ
ôˣҶʵ
û£һС¡ƱҶʵϵ˿ڣе΢΢Σָһ˿ڣǽľеݸ˺Ҷ
ҶǸ΢Сľвľ£һб΢һֲڣҲǴĥƽ
ľеĵӵľƬ˳һŵŵֽеɻؿ˽һۣǣ
㿴ҲߺҶ𰸣ֻԼ
Ҷ򿪻ûüϸСֻֽ֣£Ϸдš
ϸ˿ֽϵֲŷֽľ¥¥ĵ
ǣҪȥˣҴ¥ŵûзԺ¥ˡɫ
Ҷ¥ĵҲ֪ǺãýƸƺ̫ˣҲûܹĶ
𣿡
Ƹûôأ¥պӯ;ӪҪǵݣԲûôɡҲĺҶƸضԸգҲ˺ܶ˵׼˵ǡ
ãллҶǽݵ¥ܹһ¥
ŽĿصǸľϣľ΢ɼ֡ơҶ뵽ϵ˺ۡ
ģ
Ƶ˵ͷװˣĺӶЩһֵġ
ҶŽ˵ŤӣҲ͵͵Цˣû뵽ܵĽƣҲвóһ졣


58 
գǼСտ֮վŸСϻӣЦúϲ£졣
˰죬ҲǵС㷿ϻӣƾճһȴС㰮֡
ҶԴյ¥֮վͽֽߣҲû뵽гһҡһ侹¥ˡ
Ȼ˷˺ü죬ս˵Ļû˵¥պľӪǴ£ҶҲ㣬¥˽⡣
Ϳʼ¥ʵʼƶһϵδľӪƻ
¥״Ϊǽеĸľ¥˲ɱƣҪƱȥҲҪһ
֮ǰײƶȣҶҲǲȿһһҵһҪûʺϵĽͨߣʳװˣû߳ʮԶܾˮȫˣֻܷһ뷨
Ҷ˼ȥҪ¥ĳʤ˥Ҫ϶¹ҲÿзһЩµĲƷ֮ǰ׼վһ࿪һЩԲ˻֮Ŀӯ
ةฮ¶ΪҶĻ²ŵʱ򣬺Ҷǳȥһ¥㽫дӪƻǮƹǮƹȻдݡ
ǮƹҲɻռƺͺҶ¥òͺ󣬾ټƣŹȻƹȻϣ¥Ϊɢδƿʼ
涼ڴæźͺҶĻ£ǮƹŶеſģæ˻£ӦþͻῪʼԾӪ¥ģϾ¥ԽƺͺҶӦɹۡ
Ǯƹû뵽ȴĺҶǮƹ˿ҲĲŷӦ
Ž¥͸ҶΪδ˵Ļġ
ǮƹźҶҲȷʵǸʵѡ񶼼ǵõҶ˵Ҫٰվʱ򣬽Ŷӵľʢǰ
ҶȻӪƻǮƹȴδüִУǮƹͽӵԿةฮĻԼ
ΪˣǮƹص˺üҵϯ룬ʼһһ׼¥Ļ󶫼ҵĻ磬¥һʱǴʱ̽ŵķΧ
μҲźҶĻضҪף֮Զҵ¥μ˵ҲμϯҲϣģغҶҲڳ޵տĵġ
μҲ֪֮ԶΪһةȴ˼źҶ飬ǰ飬ѾǷΣǲϴӦԵα
-
ҶŶ¥ľӪΪģﵽ¥˿͵ڡ
Ҳ˲ٵ޷һҲûд޵Ĵҹӣδػլ˵ӣٲҪԲٿࡣ
ĸ˵֮⣬Ҳв˵ⶼȢˣҲ٣ֻһլӣҲǶ費١
Ҷ˵ΪмլЩ¥ڿˡ
լӵ˵ҶֵɣȻҲǸţϾլﻹƼšȻҲܱܾͱܣҲֵɡ
ҶҲ֪ƴ˷û٣ҲĬϸҸְõ΢ٺ»
ʵϣýƼٽŴҶɽˮ壬ǰ۹۲顣
Ҷֹ֪֮Ӧýɼʷ֮Ĺְ֮ȥܹлȥҵߣƷصʳҲֵ
-
գҶ¥Ŀصعȥһⷻһרĵꡣ
Ÿջصϣͱ֥˹ȥ
Ҷһţͼ˼λأδĸˡ
ҶҶȫǵƼ£صġ񽫺Ҷкȥ
ҲֻЦ˵ҵҶҲδҶֻǰڲţͷŶһ顣
ҶҲ֪ҵƣӦ¼зƼ£ҶΪһִˣܸ·ӣѾˮƽˡ
¸һϸٳɰ࣬϶ҲŤŤֻЦ󷽡ôһ
ü˳ߴ磬͸ǣ֥ҲٶȻϣؿ³ΣıҶҶȫŮӳޡ
֥ҲûˣźҶ˵˵强˵Ҫôģ
ûʲô뷨ͺͽӰӡҶƽ˵
֥źҶķӦֻΪҶɬԸ˵뽭Ƶ飬ҲͲٹʣרĵΪҶ׼ּױ
Ҷһͷ˽ةฮʳоУةฮĵһ꣬һҪϸ׼
-
Ÿкҹʳ׼һЩʳģҶڲ֪ӭʮһ졣
һ죬ͼ֥ˣȥμҳԷ
֥úҶ֮ޣҲΪ˸μңͬ
ةฮû֪ͣſڣμʹӼɱ˳㣬ˣ˺öóԵġ
ҶΥ̤СԺ滹ߵʱӡ
δҲĴתýСǰĻҲ࣬˶Դôƽ׽˵Ը
̹ҪģֻкͺμڵСԺҲǰڷŲٵҲԵ塣
ҶŸյûãͱһ̳˽Էôٵ˺þƣʦ㳢ιصġ
УŰɡ
Ҳû뵽ҲμҳԷϲ֪ƮΣҶҲһ˿ߣջǰΪǰﰵض̽
Ҷһߵ̨ߣֺμ˿ȻʳϲӣҪǼ鷳ǿߵĵ
ֽһ㹽ȥٷףٽ񡢼ͻгɼϸ˿״һһϸµذڷڵһȦ˿ｫϹ졣
󣬽뷴ϾǰεĿ˿˼ȿ鹦ֿġúҶǰѧͽӡ
ǿͣμ佫ҶȥãҶһԽ̸Ľ£ǾȥһϲĽ㡣
ҵôˣżû·Ӳõ񡣡
ȴѾû֮ǰһᵽʮֲͷˣӶ佱ң˵ѧӶѧϰ
ԺҶصةฮ֮󣬾ʶûǸصĽ㣬ٸΪӣҲʼùгһգҲ볯Ϊ٣ҲԲ㶪
ˣ㣬δ𣿡
ҶѾδλϵϢδ绹𣿽ûһԷ𣿡
Ҳܾûδˣ˵δӺԺ̲æòɿ춼ˣ̹ڶҲˡԭǽδģ˵̲ͻȻм£ְδ˹ȥ
Ҷ֪λϵĽλϰ۳ûãʹӺԺ̲δֻҪ񣬱ضƽơ
߶ظҶ˵һΧַİԣμкԷ
һʼľҲΪܵμҷڵķΧȾʧ
μͽһһȵ˶΢״̬
μһ˿ҪѣûкȻǿŻ˯عҹ
-
緹ҶҲ͵ةฮԺɢȦų
ǰںμæţҶδԷ˷֣ϵ⣬Ĳ·һգʹ˰ɣ
Ҷڵҹ֮ǰȵһλ֮͡
⼸շ֣ⷭǽˮƽ澫ǰӵܵΪóԣΪһķǽ졣
ҶŽԺͥŲ·ڿݣڻ̲סʵǲǾ˼ǽ
û뵽ƾȻһػشûУֻпǽ
˵¥𣿽¥һֱżٵģҲ˶Ϣ졣
Ҷ¥һ굽ͷҲתҲͦ׵ģصѡڳ忪ţ˳㻹ӭ
¥Уźһ̻𣬵ȢǰһϦԹ˵һ˵ִӻͳһСӣǱǰЩ￴Ϊ˲٣СֽеĴС
Լģ
Ƶͷ򿪿
Ҷһһľ򣬺Ҷŷ־ȻŲ
ǲ
ǰЩӣпȥзֵģȥ˵ŽǸĺӽ˹ȥľ滭һһų˳
Ҷľ滭ϵݣǻ
ǲе֮ǰ˵ĵӰȻû˵ķӳ֮Ķһľ滭Ҳһᶯüľ滭Ҳûкúỵ̈ϲ֮뻭ʲôԸľ˵
Ҷ꣬ӽнӹǸҲǰ֣û뵽Ҳֻһ˵ȴƷϡ
ƺÿڸ͵ȴС
Ҷסˣſڣǰף֡
˵꣬ҪһҶͷȴ־ϣջ֣⼸ʧǽı
˲ͷ϶˸Ҳ֪С﷭ģֻСһɵЦһ̾ġ


59 
һµĻĶʮվͽǰ
³һһ죬ҶҲڼĻССװ塢ӣڳĵ¶װһС
֥źҶƣҶҲƴǣյĻȷʵǲҪµİ²
ûлҷڵϵַϰŵ֦ϰ벿űͼԢš˫ɡ
ȹȹشǼĵţԢšáϼǲɫĲʣɫҲá
ºȹ˽ߣ¸Ƿҫ۵Ĺâ
´һϻӣźҶ鵱ҪõĽڣ涼׺ųɫõ飬ֻҲǲᡣ
ÿǼҶҶÿ֥ϹҶţ˼ҹӣ򲻿ͬةฮһΪ
֥Ҳᣬ鵱Ҫ˵Ļһ˵ˣĵգͽҪ˵ĻˣֻŲᡣ
Ҷ֥˵ĻһһӦ£ֻ֥ܲġ
-
ʮһ졣
ةฮǰһĴ˺ͺ񣬺ҶǰһҹҪ˸շת࣬ҹ¡
Ÿ˯Ųã컹ûͱӱһͷͷͭǰͭеԼ̾ȻǵӺã㼸һҹû˯ҲȦļ
ºϲΪױ磬ֻڴϽڵһ˲䣬Ԥ⵽˽ϵĲӻʹѣδҲ̫Щ
֥ͣ⿴źҶۿһŮҪˣҲǶвᡣ
ʱʹžı졣
ӭ׵Ķ飬Ҳ쵽ةฮſڣϲźҶվҶ˺ͷдʵ˵Ÿּ
ҶߣҲǰ·ֻ͸ͷķ϶һĵطߵøǻ
еĲֲûǴʱ˲١
һ·ߵǰ֮Զͺμ䶼ϷҶξ˲裬˶˵ЩźҶš
ةฮſڣΧŲٿֵˣһ˵ķɡ
οԼλүɻѾܾûйʢĻ񣬶ʮֺ档
Сۼ⣬󺰵ˣ˵ĿⶼӽƵƵ˺Ҷϡ
Ҷżֻһ˫īɫѥͣǰ͸ܵ˵
ˡ
šҶصͷ
Ͻ߰ɣ˼¿ɾͲˡϲһԴߴš
Ҷ˽ӣִ˲ЪıةฮҲڽ̺󣬽׼õϲΧ۵ȥҲǽϲҡ
ЩСѼϲҲǺһװһӡ
ڽϵĺҶǲ֪һУֻǾܱյĽֱֻƣҪŸͷҪ͸͸
ϲȴ·ڽװͷģýαڣӣеƣҲҪһ£ǧҪͷ
ҶֻܽԭȷĶͣʵʵãŽͣڿſڡ
صĴҶ;Ӧǵˡ
Ȼûþʹ߽ŵϲｫҶӽ˳Ҷһκ
Ҷ΢΢ʪֽ߬źͻȻܵ˺ϴһ˵ʳҲ
ϲｫҶмλվͿʼʽ̡
һأݸã޶԰ݡɡ
һ׵ĶҶ˵΢ĩʵУһʼôԽƺ²㣬ȴҲûʲôá
ӵ˸ĸңּӵԼļҡ
ϲźҶ˴ϣڴ˻ٹŶӶ
Сһ춼ûԶ͵͵ϲ뿪СԵ㶫ϲǰǧܻ˹ء
Ȼ²óԿڶͻ˹أʵʵϲİţֻǸҶ˼Ȳ裬Ȼ̼𣬵ǲܶԼС㡣
ǰһһľƣȻϲһֱӲĽƣڴһ˿ǣͷųһ˿͡
һЩӵҲ֪ƲǺǵģҲƴƣֻ˼ؾһǸŽһԵĹп߲ܣ潭ʡ˲ٵ鷳
λһλϿŽǰĴ컨Ҳöеۣվ֣ףͷ˰úϣͷϡ
˵ţλϽеľһ
Ҳͷеľƺȵһβʣл
λ˵ףĻ˵Ҳ˵ԼӦ÷ˡ
ŽƵԸҲûȥֶ
пʵ㣬ϾͽƺͺҶϤոŽûƼƻͷ񣬲˸
ǽ˶Ǻͽƴһô򵥵ģýһĸһ̲ͣذ͵ɱ޵ļȥ̵תͷĶӣӻصϯϣؼƴҵ
ϲ￴ƴǰ˽˵ˡ
Ҷ΢޵ϲ
ϲŽƽţһ׼õĳӸˣĸͷ
óӸһͷƮ趼࣬ƾʹϲȥҲʶȤվš
źҶһҲûԹóԵ
Ҷʱӻͳ˶˵ĲƣôǸġ
û뵽Ҷʱ򿪷ʵСԲҲ֪ʲôãںҶ﷢ֵϡŹֵĶ
Ҷ򽭳ƽ˵ָеָԴϵġ
˵Ҷùһ˽ֵָϣ
Ҷƴ˿ȥ񷻶Ƶʱ³ߴ粻ԣҪ̫̫СԵûг⡣
ֵˡҶ쵽ǰѧźҶӽָҶϣҶѩ׵ļĵָ͸
ƸҶ֮󣬷ֽҶָʲôԢ𣿡
Ҷ˼һ£˵ʮָģʹԺ󶼲ֿˡұ˿Ӧ֪ǼзˣЩݺݺͽˡ
ʵҲָ֪ĺ壬ִƺҲֻһ˽ںһ˵
ȴ֣µص˵ͷõģˣԺֻзһˡ
ҶĳƺߺƼҲٶ
ҲǶһӲ˷ŵϣ漴˳ȥ
ƸյĴɱ˾ƣ˵ҶҲǺƣƱͽƽ
ӽʲôҶ㡣
ҶŽ˵óϿңڵӳĵӰ仰κε黰Ҫ
һЦδ·һЯȥ
ϵĺҲյ


60 һУɾ
»֮ؼʡһ֮󣬽ƾʹźҶӿᵽµĸۡ
ȻȲϿةฮľɺ󣬵ʤһжɺҶ滮
˸ϵĺԺ඼ǰٻʢ涷ޣҶҸϿıٵأ㿪ʼֲˡ
ֵأĹʯɽҶŵɽ髽ӵʱ򣬿Ǻ«
ƶԸһаҲʣֻźҶڣżҲһһԣźҶָӡ
ת۾Ϳ˴ʼѿҲðͷ
Ҷ뿴Щ糤ܽĹȵǽʰϢ
ҶԹŴԶҲһĪչȥԶĵطҲǸһȥźһΡ
ֻܽʰ鶼£ȥ鷿ҽơ
ҪȥĶҶŵʱ򣬽Ƹպھͼ
չ˵ͼָָһطҶȥǣ˴ȺɽƣǴһ·˴ֵգ˵ǳԾӵʱڡ
ȥҪ죿ҶܾýܴԶӦ飬벻ԺʲôҪܵƫƧĵط
ûرҪ飬Ҫȥ棬ʱ主ԣߣȥ§Ҷ˵
Ҷ֮ǰûֽǸ˻˵黰ˣȴ֣ǽ洫Եӵܵӡ
ȥҶҲʼó̳ڴ
ֻƴ˷УΪԺ飬˵ȻҪĴ棬ȥһ飬ǷԹص
ûиҶ˵ҲֻǲϣҶΪЩģû¡
һ˳УҶصûд£ͽƽʱҲ̫Ҫź
ͽ´򷢵¥ȥԻල¥ʵϣܰסͽദĻᡣ
Դӽư֮ƼҲͿ˼ңȻƲܽܵҲڿ˲٣οн⿴Ȼͼı졣
Ž˻˴γУС
ǰϾҲǻ켣ˣ·;ȻҲȽþǵĹӸΪϤ
죬»ڸغͺҶ𣬴ʱҶȸԾǰο£ǧޣֲǲȥ¥һӣҾͻˡ
ʵĿʧ·;ͷ
ҶӿˣͻȻҪ߽ĺ׳־˿ԵĽƣʵŮȷʵһңԶ
Ʊڿ飬ʵǿҶıһϲãһʧ䣬һеꡣ
ӴŵСóһ㣬̶⡢֡α̵ӦоУݸҶҶҲ֪ƻصرСģԵҲǽζ
ҵȷʵ۵£·ĵطʢûôҲǼҼ±һ·ʮ̫ƽ
һ·ƴźҶͣͣĴ½·Ҳһࡣ
һסջҲסũң˷¶޵ļ죬ҶҲۣǾ档
ִǻҪתһˮ·ܵ
ǰǵĴϣҶ峺ĺУЩɫ磬ǲʲôʿ˳ʡ
һ·ϣȥӦûʱȥȻǧʱϾǱȺʷζѡ
һǣҶڿջյ˴Ǯƹ¥żʾ¥һжãһǷһҶֽֿ˻
¥ӯһֱɾ׬
ҶŻֺǵʱ򣬽ƴ˽˵ڷǵԺѾˣͲҪסջ
ҶҲŰͽȥСԺСԺɽһξ룬ֿɽ֣
Ǻ˸̤СԺ¡һ漴ϵĴٲһ
ԽԽܼԽԽڣҶҲһýƶȫ׼ԺҲͽ׼˴±ҲҪٳԶȥɹ
һ¾죬Ҷ⼸Ҳֻܿߵصεδʯϡ
ʵеģҲֻܲѧΧ壬ǻǱЩӵƵͷתֻܷתý塣
żҶ΢һ񣬾ͱӣҶˣ壬ҲźҶ֡
ͣҶѹʱѾƵӰҶ˸ת
ŵʱ򣬽ƺҲƿŽ
ˣʵ
ţȥĶˣҶſʵ
ȥܲɽɾӡʵ
ҶһҰӣվܵ˱ŵ￴һۣϿտҲеҲһЩڳʱ߹
ƼҶʧŽ͵˵ˣ˵Ҫ֮󣬲ǲɾĺʱڣ˳Ҳˣ˵Ҫ컹ûҪɽѾ˵ص˵Ը⵽ʱȥɾ
𣿡Ҷһ˲۾
ֻʱͿҪ𡣡˵
ʵľǰҶС£ǰ¥ѧͽʱҲֻڽҲŶеΪ
һգ컹δҹУƾҶûúҶƽȹװǽ·һ׸Ҷϡ
ɽ߳϶ֽ࣬ŶʵҶϸļһţû⣬˸ҸҶǸҩҩš
أҶҲĽƣˡ
ҲУõġҶû㷢
ҶΪһͣؽͷ̳һͷ
Ƹմ룬ʹһڵĳȥţſԼɽũ
һ˴ʱũŵ¿ɽ£ʱɽ￴ȥֻǺӰأũһ˷һ
߽ɽҶŵԭʼķҷֻϾ߹ƽ̹·һʱɽ·ҲߵÿĿİڽһ·
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ũִǲ֪˶ãһ·ϺҶʶ˲ٵľֻ࣬ϧЩ࿴ȴʮֶĶأȴ
ͻȻ·ũһطͣ˵һżףͿǵĵˡ
Ҷһ׸ˣ̶ƵĺҶѰңӹĵʼ
СӣҶƲȥڸŵҶʣͿһװֵףδ̾ѡ
ũźҶѴ֮ҵףҲ̾Ҷã˵ɡǻûĺʱڣζ
ũҲڣȻҲջףõȥ
ȵһɽʱ̫Ѵɽɢ͵Ľ⡣
˸ǰս֮ǰԣũһӣũһſ£ֽɵǡ
صԺҶҲ˲ûմˮ·ֽȺ׶иϴٽϾҲһ·ѵл¶һȻᡣ
ƼҶæŴҲͰæʼշ
Ҷ廨г˿ͼȾһƣýɵҺ
Ҷֻõ˵һף׳
ȳ˿ߵĿڸмһ£ȵ֬м˿Ϊһ壬㹻Լ档
̶ȵͷų׵ζ
һͳ˶ģʱֲ˻
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ļգ飬ҶҲ֪ҪҲûڼҰշӡ
мʲժ޶ľ࣬Ҹӹúò⡣
ֱջס죬ȥ
Ҷԥѡ˺ߣѾ˴µ˽⡣
ãǾȥƳ˵š


61 У
ӷ뿪󣬽ƴźҶˮתǰ˿ĿĵӾǡ
һ̤ӾǵأҶ;ô˴ٺͳֳˣʪĿķҲƮɢžòɢĺˮеζ
Ӿǵĵһ£ƾȥԺӣźҶȥ˺ߡ
ҶҲǵһμϱ̲£ӨĹâǰɫ˻һһ㳯ɳ̲ӿ
ȹװЬҶҲ׳߹ȥؼһͨˮԡ
ƾͼҶͻȻܵһԼһ֦»صɳ̲ϣ֦֪дʲô
ͷſ֣͡ΡҶܻص˽ߡ
ʱһ˻ϮҶոջµָֻɳӱƽӡ
˳ʱ߹˱ʾѾˡ
ŴźҶصСԺ
СԺڵھӳţԷϴŸɾֲƤҲɹڣϱһҪŴװ硣
ȻҶͽո··ҲûףԵøӵط糾͡
ǾӵˣһΪ˭أʵ˵ллУҼڼңҪ°æҼҾУǿҲ뱾ˡ
õģлƿڵл
лҲûٶ˵ղǻķȥ
ҶͽƼ򵥵ʰһ±ͲİҲ֪ǲյĸ·úҶͻȻеһ롣
ҶȥпǲʲôʵĺԽһ£ȴȰȥ˯
㲻˯𣿡Ҷ׼ȥˮĽơ
Ҳ˯ɡˮҪ׼Ҫȥˮ
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ȥĶȥոˮ͹㡣ҶҴҴǡ
Ҷŷĵת˸ؽ硣ҶƽŷŲˮ
ƷֺҶ⼸տɫãҲ֪ǲΪ;ֲϺý̱Ų˵ȻղſʱҶȻֵú˵ģ͸¶һƣ
ҲúҶ飬ͷԸȥʲôӣϾҼҵ㷹˻
ҶһѾʱ֣ƺ˯øĳ۾Ϳڴס˴Ӵ͸⡣
ˣʵ
šҶ첻ص˵ͷ
Էɣ˰ѷ˶ˡ
Ҷڼ˯ͳԷ֮һ£ѣ׼ϴԷ
̤ţҵ
ΪںҶȥ֮ǰȥš
ͼһ긾˴˿ŷ֮伷˽Ǹڵлҵģǽҽ̾УΧ˶ôСл˵סСڣ˸Сӿ̶ûУŴǲշģⲻǼҰ˵ӣǷֵ㡣
лķһ˵һĻ
вշĺҶֻллл㣬Ƿˡ
ҲһԱʾллҵչˡ
ô᣿Ƕ˵㣬ⲻ÷ָǣˬʵ˵һϵķˣǲڳ¼Ҳ˹ģǼҵĲ˾ηŵö࣬һʡҪǳԺǼǿӸǴ򣬱ִַ֤ʡ
ҶҲ֪⽹̲ڮ˼Ҳ˹ݣֻǾģﲻ˽⣬һԵض˵ˡ
ͼλһţǼǿӻҳԷأҲȳԡ˵žһ̵ػ˼ҡ
ҶͽƶһۣһԷǰ۵Ľӻð
ζƺƽʱϣҶҧһڲŷ֣ϲڣѩ۵ϣ׺һЩ̵ľ²ˡ
ڸиǻҶҲ֪ڣڵĹոǸӣҪȥۡȥࡢ޹ǣٽ飬ټϾȥȣվͱӡ
Ȼ˼飬Ҷڴ˴Ҫסһʱ䣬Ҫ
ڶ죬ƾźҶȥмҶмֵذڷŸʽĺʣࡢһЩҶûĺʡ
ҶѡһЩȱӻСȥ׼ȱӳͱ⡣
صСԺ֮󣬺ҶͽЩʽˮУǲһɳͿʼæϵ׼
廨ˮȥĭ廨ʱ򣬺ҶҲûţСҲһȥ࣬ٽıл
ҶҲûŽ׼õĴС˽ǵϣͬԹĿ״廨һͬ¹һ㽴ͺͱǣʼС
תʼ׼ȱӳԼ˰ʱζѾ
Ҳſһ¡
ҶѾò࣬ͽ룬Ȼͺһʱ̫û˱㱾ĿڸС
ɫҲʼȾ˷ŹĺɫҶ֭Ҳ࣬ͽʢ˳ݣһݵлҡ
ƺ˶źҶŲˣҶ˸ڵļţ̳һǺҶ̽ӭ˽ȥôˣ
ⲻ˵ˣллϴ͵ĽӡҶЦ˵
СӣǿϴǸӻó԰ɡ̻ͦӲǿζ
óԣرóԡҶϴεӣڻ㡣
ԣ͸˵´ҰٸùȥźҶе˵
ҶлһͱʾҲˣҲҪؼҳԷ
˭лӷŲ˳
͸ڵģ˵񸻹˼ҵģǸСǻղ˵ӣ֮ǰ˵ΪŵĴ˼ң㿴ֵܵطӦҲе㱾¡˵סںߵģʵʳĻôصĵϣӦһԭζͺá
˼ҺģҲҪĵġлŽ˵
Ҿһ˵ҿСͦãҲͦӣЩеһƴ˵
ȳҪҪȥ벻ȥһ棬ҿҲġ
УǴȥʡ
һٷ̸ǶԺҶĲ޲ڣδһҲҪҸҶĶϱ
лȥ˸ڵţҶȻһӦ£ҲûзԣúҶȥҲá
ǵڶ죬վûгУҶһ洬ߣŵŨҵĺҲûʲôȴͻȻоһĸֱߵһŻ
ƲģϽȥӵݸҶúҶ˲졣
󣬻˸лȥ棬ǴźҶصСԺԭ뽹չ˺ҶｭƲԭ򣬽˺Ҷߡ
ܳȥæ˸
ǴҶ漴ϲϲλϲ
ҶҲɵۣ֮Ǵ˵ҪעݣҶһҲûȥƽ̹СҲ벻滹һС
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ֱҶգúϢҪˣסһʱ䡣
Ҷţ˳Ž˵Ļ˵ͷ
һסס£ڼ佹ǸҵСùδչ˺úҶ
ȴû뵽˵Ƕ˵ģǽҶչ˵ɫһһá
ȵ˵ҶѾ㹻ȶˣһ˺Ľ֮ͼúҶʡ
ǵ·ϣƺҪһԶ·Ҳܰ½·ҲÿһؼʱҶ
ｭʱ򣬺ҶĶѾʼԻˣͼ֥һʱȥҶźҶǧ
˸Ǵڽסһʱչ˺Ҷ
ҶͿʼǵģԳԺȺȵӣ¥飬Ҳżģ񣬶˽ƴ
ֱҶܵʹһ죬һš
šۡһޣҶ֪һλСү


62 ճ
ף֮СҪżһƨżϡվ·ϵĻҳַżϣڵײײߴؽš
֮һžֱſ˫Ҷ߳壺
ҪҶϣƳ˽Ƶ̹˸䣺Ҳ
ƿŽ֮紩Ź괩ĺܹԭ򣬰۵ϻ˵ġ
ڶ飬֮籧ϣ֮ȴ۰Ͱ͵ؿźҶķ򣬵Ҳֻ֪Ҫڿʳضȫ񣬶Χ鲻ܲˡ
ڿҹʳ𣿡֮𴲾Ϳʼ飬ڹˣȥҹϵĴӾ͵͵ʿˮ
֮͵͵һ۱ĽƣҿԸһȥ𣿡
ǣҸһȥƻش
֮ͻȻ뵽ϴ͵͵ﵽҪ͵Դȣ׷֣粻׼Եġ
ԼͶȥʱûʢԱ߳ζ
ѵҲǣϾӰʱΪŻǲСĿܾˣܱѵ֮ҲĬĬǺһСӡ
ǺҲѵܳ˳ܣžõ˵ǶԵġ
֮ҶоʳŴӽƵϥϻȥﵽԺȥèè
ʱǰͨүˣة඼ˡ
ɡƿڷԸȥ
ҶŴ¥һĵʳ̧ͷˣ
ˣȥӽӰɡ˵
֮һܳȥ֪һѹǮ䣬Ǯȥǳԡ
֮ǰһֱϲҶҲã¥Ҳʿụ̃Ҳýʲôãȥѧס
ֱ֮ĳʮֿɰСŴŴүү˼֣ĵؽ˺Ҷ
үү̡⹫š֮˵ž˳˹ȥ
֮Ҳ֪Ǳһ˱ض˲ˣת˸ȥƺͺҶ֣Ҷ֮ľٶҲŪÿЦá
Ľ֮ͷ֮ת˻ȥܹȥһһż֥ǰ
λȻЦúϲ£죬һ£ʹӻͳ˺ɰݸ˽֮硣
֮ͣƺͺҶƳƳ˵ͷŻϲصĺɰ㵽ȥһٰǡ
֮Сȶֽ̣Ųò˴̫ʦϣڽЩֻһ֪Ļ
Сȣ˵׼ȥ׼۾һӾͷˣϻһȥ
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ƿ˽֮˼֮磬ǣҺȥ
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˵ȥû˵ʲôʱ𣿡ƶŽ֮˵
֮գ۾룬˵еҲһʱ͵˵ͷǣǡǶþûˣһҡ
֮·ҿ϶ص˵ͷתͬͬŵؿʼӡ
˿Ž֮ĶҲ̿
ˣ⹫⹫ж㡣֮ԶкŽ֮硣
֮Զ̴ӹϣʲô
ϣҿ𣡡֮۷ֱضǸƤɵ˲佫ȥ۽һ֮Ժ
֮Զ֪֮Ǹúöߣ⹫ȥߡ
֮ԶǣŽ֣֮ҪԺߣȻҲǲʾôҲǸ佫Ҫ˶飬ôܱĳȡ
үүҲһ𣬺òãҲ׷˹ȥ
֮˵ͷȻԽԽá
ͼ֥һЦҲǸǵԺһͤΧۡ
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ƺͺҶӺ֮Ǳߴ󺰣⹫ϴң
֮Զûֻһ£Ͼ͹˽֮Ľ¡
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֮ص˵ͷǵãɥ־
Ǿȥɡ
֮ҲûͷԽ֮ܺԶ˵⹫үү
׼ºȿڲˣ仰ֻؼŽ֮档
Թҹ֮ܺԶҲ͸Եķ˻˸
֮ǲŽƺͺҶ˵Ҫҹ̻ûȵѾںҶקźҶ·硣
Ҷؽ֮ŵ˴ϣ˿أصǰͽһ̻
˯ˣʵ
ţˡ
˲֪˵䣬ߵ̻ųĹʡ
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̰֮¶ȣǻһɫĿɰӣʵʵģëߵĺɫȼף껭߳Сޡ
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Ҷϴμֻ£ĸϴ˴ܣƤڵøǶ̼еһƴ
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򣬲ǴȥСҸᣬҪѰֽ书úһֱĵ
СӾһ쵽Ϲ֣ΪѧӡμҲ򲻵ͷֻһںı۰ϡ
֮绹ͷأô죡غš
Ҷ⸸Ӷ˵ദһ˿һûиı䣬ҲЦ
ʦģҺͺ㵽Ϊֹ
˽ô˵ŷĵúŽȥ˺Ժ
֮شӿлص˵ϣϾ˵˵ۣʺϸһȥûϵ⹫ˣζڸˡ
ðɣﲻ޵ĵʵ
ãáҶش
Ҷͽ뿪ǵǶʱ䣬ȥ¥Ƕʱ䣬ô񾭴ˣҲһ򶯡
źҶͽƻҲͳ˻飬ʱǡɸĳҲǼ£Ϊ˺ٽһ㣬¥ְڽ˼ҳ
ڽƺͺҶӾǻ֮Ҳúμæµ¥רŸμ˸Ժӣμ俪һһֻ˽˹ݡ
Ȼ۳ظߣμΪʦ⣬ԤҲ֮͡
¥ҲһµĳʦʼȫµľӪ
ʱĽ֮磬ŲܺҶͺμɣֻ뿴μʳʲô
μ֮۲ýк˽֮ʳó˶ɳֵ֡ССġ
֮һһԵúòģһȦմŸֵĵм
ǽ֮翴һۺҶֺҶʹ˸Ҳ֪ǵĳԶˣ͸ˣֻԴίջһĵ֡
μ仹붺֮磬ǰͨ˵ǹпݷãҶϽȥںԺеĽơ
п˻ûţȴƮ˽ɩ꣬֡
Ҷûü˵һӰӺμ˳ȥ壡
пһѱ֮磺ӴС֮磬û塣
˵Żֽ֮סýֱ֮ЦûΪֻйÿǿҴԵģҪҼóԵߡ
п
Ϲ˵ǲǡƵ
֮ͷҲûк˵˵ʵ
Ǽ֮ǴҪÿôͺˡп֮˾١
Ҫ룬ҲԡƶŹп˵
пȴһȴ֮ӣһˣңӹÿɿˣɱңҿ֮͹ˡ
֮ȴͻȻڹпĻҵŤ״пֻ֮ܽŵϣ֮Źп˵һ䣺壡˵ͷҲصؾˡ
ҶֻԴǸؿ˹пһۣ׷˹ȥ
֮ҶĽŲҲͣסټˣ
ǲˣҶ
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ĶˣҶ
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ӦôҶҲȷ˵ϣ֮׹
֮紹ͷɥػص˸ղܳĵطվ˹пǰ壬Բ𡣡
п཭֮ͷʾûзϡ֮תͷȥιȥˡ
-
Թ緹˺μ͹пһˡ
˵ˣҶҲǾ治ѣҲӦͽŰݷãû뵽ǵȹˡ
ҶͽƳɻ굮µǸŮӵϢʱǶ뿪ǣֻ˷ݺȥ
ֱǷǵʱ򣬾˳ǣصǰݷãǸʱԲԲѾǸķ۵Сӡ
ԲԲ˭֣֮Ҳ֪Լҵľ¥ǴģȴûԲԲ֡
ǸƯŶҶ֮ͷ˵
һƯ㣬֮˲˻һ̵˳ȥ
ûˣֻһƬɫȹ󣬽ŴһһߵŮޡ
˵ôһߣ֮ĬĬԲԲ
ԲԲҲǰкû˵⸮Ҳиӡ
֮ΪӺӦ¸һ㣬ǰһҽ֮磬ǲԲԲ
ԲԲ˵ͷҲټһĺӣ㼸갡
ꡣ
Ǿǵܵʲô𣿡
ԲԲ˵ȥ֣֮֮类ԲԲһ֣˲ˣŽС˵ԾҼι㣬÷Ҫȥ𣿡
߰ɡԲԲΪŽ֮Ժķ˹ȥ
ƺͺҶ߳ǿСǣ뿪ıӰҶɫǣõģ»һ֮Ҳзִġ
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գǴӻʹ·Žյ¥ͻȻ뵽˺ҶŻᵽ˽ݷá
Ƕ˻죬޷Ǿ¥״˳ἰ˳ǵķף˴Ž֮絽˳СסԲԲҲ顣
ٵҪߵʱ򣬽֮ԲԲɲӰҶԺʱ򣬾ͿСڳ˵Ļ
ԲԲһԲԲе㲻鲻Ըվ
һ۽֮磬Źر˵ҪǵԼһҪ˳档
֮˵ͷŵһһˡ
뿪֮ͷʺҶͽƣ֮лȥ˳ǵǲǣһԲԲ档
Ҫڹϱֺãʹȥ˳档
𣿡֮۾˵
Ҷ֮գ˵ʲôʱм٣
֮˼Ƭ̣ص˵ͷھȥѧϰ
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