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һգ˴̿ͣ׷˳ȴ䵽һŮӵġ

˼һٷʱ䣬סˡ

ܵ͢αãҥ˯ϣԼҴǹ죺˵ѡбµģɾҲԶֻˡ

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޿Һӵꡣ

ͬĵùӣ㳤ôÿķϣŸһСɣ

䷱ѣտΪĸɧţ˳һħƾ֡

Ϊ˲ץȥ˽ɹϢڸǵͬʱܵӰصڣһ˲˼ġ֣ˣ֢

УƫƫʱһȺളأᡱòĺ

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ġųĸʺܡӭרۿ
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 1 

ҥʶԼξС
ɼ״̬Գҧס⣬ʹָ֪ϻ
ѹȴֻ⡣
ĲʸвĻʮǰ񹤣赹ڳվʱĸо
泿չ⴩͸ƤܾЩۣҥŬҪ۾
Ǻܿ죬һɢŸζƲϯֱӸϡ
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ˡǸͯٴǿ
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ʮİҥȻԼкһɩɩ
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ͬͬյŮһ֪гΪսѾȥֻּʣɩһֶ
ȥ꣬³ͳһƬأҲõսµĸԭΪ𽥸ƣȴû뵽ͻȻֵĲ֢ΪκüΨһжҥͿ˼ҵס
ѹͷɩɩͼУڴһж׹ɱղżңֻżŻһˡּҵصʱѹֻʮСҥϡ
һȫ޽һ޵׶ҩǮСҥ˴꣬ܲסڣб۾
ٴģͱ˴ִҥ
ԭƿϯȴҥ׵ɫŵú
֣ҥԾŵôˣĪĲ
ǿĴҥ룬ǿҵĲʸһʱ俪Ҫˮ
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ģôüˣιԹսºòЪˣûϣЩù顣
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Ⲣǳ侮ʯǰǸξ񴦾֮ĳ˲䣬ҥЩĽǸԼͬͬգѾ徵Ů
ǰҥ֪òóƺΪǰִ֮ʮ꣬ԼڿԲвȡ
͵Ϊ˾һΪĿУԼСʤһʱȴ½ȵס
Ŀƾɵϡʣǰк˱ԭһʼǵĴ
Ը˽ֱӶڸղǳξУҪٸ۾ĻᣬܺùһαŪľء
ҲҪ𣿡ڣҥԼ˼ʵ
ô𣿡ҥĨһԳطʵ
СкĿУֳŵվӡ
ܿ죬ԼĲЩӲȻ岢ϰ·ʱͦء
ҥȴƫҪ
סһֻʾޣȵԼѲӶȥ
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ҥûߵľͰԣҨ˵ˮϴԼ֡
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ҥ֪һеĺۼ
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УѾȼЩڵů⣬ҥЩ
ԱվһжȥһϵĹǡ
ˮδڣҥˮ̫ϡҪ׽ȥȴûҵ״λá
һȦŷֳиֶѾʰ˸ɾһУһߡ
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Ķæֹʲôһ緹Ҫôࣿ
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ҥԹǣҲˣȻѾס˹ңȴһֱûɼϸʽ֡ӻԼּˣ
ԣֱڵ
ɱͨɱȴȥĹѸɱУûиʽ֡
ѾĲҥʱֱ𣬼ֱŭɶ
ҥȴûŭģƿԺõ׻ص̨ǰ
Ѫӿعŭһ㳯ҥ˹ȥ˺죡
ҥֻʮ꣬Ҷ˺һαٲΡ
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İкǰһ̣ҥסֱۣһŤֱӷס
ֱʹȴɣ޹δ㣬ǡ
ӿ϶ɻôҥ˸ţΪм򵥵Ůӷһ죬ǰң˵ǼпҪ䣬ѧϼоӵʽּҡ
ԼλѹʵǴžηģɫʱ׽ӣ岻ܿƵز
֪ˣҥ㽫ƿתԱеһһõԭλá
Լûվȣˤ˽䣬ǶѲϡ
վԼƤĶͷ޺޵ؿҥȴٲҳ
ҥҲֱæԼ¡
¯ʢܿ˹жˮ֣׷ͨɢð˳ֱ˿ڱдܡ
̼ˮ̻ܸοθҥ˿ڿˮԷһֱŵļ米
ǡʱؿڣ԰ɳ԰ɡϾҪΪŮūҵҪôֹңôּҡ                        
лҪ˵~

 2 

ҥϨ˻ȡȱǵ룬Ҩһ롣
δʳҥҲûʢ̫࣬лʣķеˣǡǹġ
ֻǱֶӣҲԼиƵģֱӽµʳԲ
ҥһ̲ˣ޸سеʳ
ĳθһһλͬʱЩ˵ƣСҥصУɵԼյϢ
ڼ䣬һֱڽ䣬ûж
һһ
ҥǺ˵ûԷ
šӱǻзһ죬Ӧֲһ䣺ɵƯ
һְ
ҥ⡣
Լ鲻ãЩ̱ҲϣףǸԼжΪȵĹѾΪסģһѱҲںꡣ
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չƫʱһּ֧ǰСͷ
һ类ҥƺų˼ɣűߣֺߣ׳ʿ
õָĶȻӿٶȡ
ҥиһɨ㣬΢˲ϵĺ顣
֪˭
ǰڻ˼һǮ֮Ϊ˼βԭԼΪѺǵǮнǮ
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ŵּǰʱҥţϣѾʮӡ
һˣӦܱ˸䣬١
Ϊ׵׳Ż˸һܡֹСҹ䡱ĳࡣ
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ЩĿְĿŻҥϣ˺üۣģͦģݵţǮûᣬɽǮ׼ˣ
ҥǰ뿴顣
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Ƕŭϵļⶼ
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׳Щ㬵طſ˶ҥǯơ
ô磬Ĳǰˣȥſһ׳ڷ̵
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ػ˻֣׳˿ˡתغͷĶȥ
ţĿͶҥ
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ܿ죬ŴҥĿӹΪ͡
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ٺȴеȴĽУƾһ㣬ԶԶֵǮˡ
ҥǽˣ벻ۡ
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һҥϵѣԴʲôǲġ
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벻ףҥΪūһ£ųֱӾͱˣ
ߵģʹһСආҲƽͷղǵġ
ţǧ򲻿ɰƲסڣҰѾͷߣҪײ˼ҡ
һûʩǸհ˽ѵŻֱǰݺһѣ죬û˵ķݡ
ڵأͷԻţֻ־ŭҥ
˸ŵҥȴû̫ķӦ
ӣϵԼºδܻǷȻҪƾá
һѱʵֱӾܾˡ
»µ⣬ҥҲ쵼ֻ̫Ҫ˷жԼܱܲѱ
ȻҲˣŭǷһĨЦ
úӣҪˡȰڸߣȵǾƣߵǴ
֮䵽飬Ͳһˡ
вһ˵
ҥüͷ
ﲻʶʱΪܡĵ
ֻǣծ۵ļУΪԼǽˣȫƾ
ˣƴ࣬Ӵ˺ȴ˵ˡ
±ĸҪأ
ҥʲô̵ѧң֮ǰʮΪ˴ľ飬ȴԼһԭ
ǣ̧ͷһʼҾװ׵ˡ
ŻԣŭҪȴ¡
һ䣺ˣǱºɡ
˵꣬˻صСŻлҷֻԸµת飬׼뿪
ţϵĺӴľһسҥͶ񣬱ҥӡ
һŵĶʧڴڣҥҲתͷǱ
ɫˡѵ
ɫӣƬ̼һ䣺ҥ㳤ˣ
֪áҥԱá
ȫƶſ͵˳Ʊ¶С
ӣЩ뿪ɡҥ
δ䣬ֱӲػȥˡ
յļƻȷʵҥٽߡ
ʱЦһ˭˵ҪǸƿˣûбߣּҵĺӣԼŰɣ
˵꣬һ֣̬ش뿪
ҥ³һʶһûԸõԼ·Ůʿ̡
еĿӿȻժűƬ˵ֵĲҶУ׽

 3 

ζһѾǹ˿п
ҥصԺУϵĲ֮ǰδɵɨ㡣
ɨոãδüһ£µĶ
һһʮӣֻǰһļͬʱֵʳָϣҩ
ȽŽյұۻʹ·ЩĻζ
ҥڼзƬ̣ǰһȫ塣
ȫԭֳһξˣҥֳˣٻŻˡ
ҽ˶ӵʱ˻ܻˣӵԶ˵
ȫҥǰҽȥ˳ҩȡˡ
Ϊ˻סļ۲ҶֻʾҥӹԼеҩ
ҥĿҩϣûеһʱӹ
Щҩּһû˵Ҫԭ
ҥ̲ס룬ԭǸкԱ𣬿Ͳߵز
ӣȻҪΪжĴ
ȫ㶣ɻػһ䣺ҥ
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СĽӹҩǲ²ҩ⡣
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̾˿شӦǿ˵ģҪԼһˡ
šҥ˳Ƶȫʲôʱٽǣɲһ𣿡
õļУҩҪԤġ
ԭ֮ǰ֧һǮҩ̣ʮҩδȡáЩˣһǮʹǮеǷû̫İٿԽ׵ľ
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ۿżҪˤǰҥۼֿסˡ
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֮󣬼Ҳ֮ҥ˵л׺ζ뼦ű˷ǳ
ôһƽƽԹɽ亣ζҥ̲ס˿ڿˮ
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ʰЩʱ˵飬żУŽеһԷˡ
ԭԼָԲس
ʱҥǾ䡰ɵƯĳԣƺҥʱȥʳ
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ҥҲԹԳԼġ
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ҥﲻ֪Сʲô˼
Ը̫ҪɽˣԿЩȻĹ붼ϴˡ
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룬СػӦһ䣺Ҳᡭ
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ӡУԭСֶѾ롣ڸ˼ңĺӳ뻹˱ƶļֻͥҪ·͵ѧŸɻ
ǰԭýȷʵв⺢ʲôøɡÿ극ԼӰ档
񣬼໤˱ˣҥɲһ
ӣƺʱԼСģֲ̲˾䣺Ҳƾ޹㡣㲻ɻһ٣Լȥ취
вʮֹãɿ콫˸⣬档
ҥָ£Ŀİʼһϴ롣
ҥȡЩɲݣԱߣһ߿һ߱ʱҪĲݵ档
ˤƣСºǶߣأʹСʧ֣ҲͿĸǡ
ҹĻǰ붼ϴɾˡ
ҪػҥͻȻסҪȥҩˡ
ԭΪС˵Щʲôû뵽ԭͣһֻ˵ͷһáˡ
⵹ҥ߿һۡ
ȫºŽһ㶫׼ãҲص¡
Ҫ˯֮ʣһϸȴϵĶɢ
ѹֵʹշת졣

 4 

ڶ峿
ҥ󣬵һ¾Ա߼״
ҹõСʱ˯ֻǵѪɫЩʾҹܹ
ҥ״һ
ܲԸȥǶӣòϣԼǳչ˺ӣرк
˯֢Ժϴ˰˼Ŵ
ȫ֮ǰҲѹˡ
ҥ緹緹ҶˣͷڳջһǵýϴˡӲʹ˳㽫Ժһ¡
һڱƵطһʹ
ϧҴҥţš
·ϣͳűݸȫȫ壬Ե緹ɡ
ȫһ㶡
ܵãԼ԰ɡ
ҳԹˣҲԼ緹ҥܾ÷ţЩҪӲÿвˡ
ȫԣŽ˹ȥ
Գ飬ҥʱࡣ
һʱ⡣
Ŵı⿴ȫĿŵҥϡ
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Χܼũ˴ѹųصĵӡ
ҥȻֻͷ˸ķ٣ҲƾɣȴƫƫվñֱҪǲμʲôĹˣ˾һ˿Υ͡
󷽷ɱһһش˼ʣʵԽȥ𣿡
ȥɡûз쳣ıУͬʱпɰЩ£Ҫץεġ
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˳ǣҩ̴µλãȫֿ
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ҩͯ棬ҩ
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Ҫʲô˲ܽģҩͯ
ҥǸŮҲɴһܵͷһ¡
ҥѾҩеҩһһ˳Ѻá
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ûʾ䣬̬ʮ¾͸ð˵İ죬쾭岻
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ҥҲ֪ԼһжЩçײʱòͷСˡ
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ҥʣҽЩҩˣ᲻Ӱҽݵ
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ҩͯвã쿴Ҳҿƭ㣿ѧ˺þõģȷ飬дġ
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޷شҩͯԼȷʵʵҲԸ̰˵ıˣȡöŻҩ̨лл㡣
С£Ķϡ棬ƫ˵͡ʾԵˡۡ
ҩͯĪöͭǮ̧ͷͿҥͷҲص뿪ˡ
ǸˡţͭǮŵԼС
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ҩ̻ʮǮʱǲóˡڳйЩ׼شʱȫһ£Ҵ㡣
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ԷˣѹҥͷģǮǷ
ڣܳＯǮǽ㲻òΪūԼŵĶţҥ¡
֪º䵽УһĽ֡
ôôôʱڣ׬㹻ͨ˼Ǯأ
ҥһڳй䣬һ˼š
ʱѰһĽֱݣһ˵档
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ҥһʼϣʮ֡ϾӡУͷ¶ģӦӲŶԡ
ʵϣԼĪһ̯λ͵ңŮڴ
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Уս½½˼ʮ꣬Ӵսһܶ˼Уֻʣ²̵ܴŮˡ
ʱŮ˻ıӪȫҿܱ㶼Ҫˡ
Ӧģ³ŮӵĿݳ̶Ҳߣҥֱģֳ͢ǹŮӳҵġ
ҲԽ˵ͷϾҪŮӹСţҲ̸¸ˣֱҿھͶһ˰ˡ
˼䣬Ů
峺ϲͻǳɫϸϵ׺ˣЩ
ҥһܳζ
ԼǾڳյˣܿ¹ĳɱ漴̾һ
·вͨü߳ɱ߻رĿǰӴˣͳɱģǸһ궼һ׬Ĵ
ҵָ콵ƣɽڲԻǡЩѰĶǼʹУܵѰأ
߳ԣһܿ˵ףҥǮ̫ңĿĵعҪѰЩͻƿڡ
ɾ͵·ʱͻȻһ֣ڸţץС͵ץС͵

 5 

С͵
ҥϻٶͭġ޿⺰ͽ
æ뿪·룬Ա߱ܿ
·վãͼһ񲼰ӷɿ쳯
ҥӦֱͳ籸µһʯͷ
ʯͷƴ峿Ժмϣڽʱϵóķ
һ·ҥЩˡȻʯͷܷܳӵķҲޡ
û뵽ʱһ׷ǡ֮ء
ҥþȫʯͷǸС͵ӹȥСʯͷɶɱС͵ڼۼ䣬͵ؿϹһʯͷʶÿʧȥƽ⣬ݺײǡóֵ·һƳ
£С͵ݺˤڵأ׷ϵʧҲܿûס
С͵ѹƺʧƳл󷽴ӰͳöͭǮлæС͵
ǿѾһߵʯͷȫûע⵽
ҥֵòþһҪķ粨Ҳûȥɢȥ֮󣬲Ŵӽ׼ȥǿŴʯͷ
ǿˣֶȷʵб޻
ʱƳŬСͷײò෭Ƴͨ죬ҥǡԱߣ߹ȥһ֡
ƳɢĶҲʰãɶл
ǿʯͷҲӵİɣͻȻʡ
ҥԼӣûʯͷС͵Ҳᱻ
ԼؿڴǷͭλá
ûͬҥ⽱뷨ȴЦԽϣ֮С̫лˡ
˵꣬ȥƶƳȴһ෭ʹƳһЩɶˡ
˼ҲòƳƽԱһڣ׼һ¡
ҥҲûȥΪƳ͵ĶȤ
һᵲ·Ľ䣬ʵɣ⳵ϵĶʲô
˼ҶʮкøУϾҥֱӼӰΡ
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ҥ鲼˼
˵ûЩ߽ʵ̫ˣǳխխĲǴһƥıԵķϡ⻹һ鲼Ƭָ׸ǴСҥƴУΪ״ʵ̫򣬱ԵҲЩ˿Ǻ
ӵĹᣬҥֱųϵĶЦѽ㲻ÿˡ
巻ҪĶкõģ϶Ǳеߣ֮󣬻ҪЩӹɸһ飬ʣµģЩȫûõĶ
һѮҪˣ϶Ǳߣûȥġ
ҥЦЦʳĻЩͷԣ巻ÿ¶ӵֱ߽ϰɣٳɶ࣬ҿɻۣ
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Ҳ󶫼ңҵÿһ֧ƽϵҥۡ
ʣҿһЩϵ鲼𣿡
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ˡҥЦЦҲͼ첹·ʲôģǾɫÿһЩȥ
ɿ񣬽⡣
ڰ֣תרĵӣðɣöٶԡЩ
ŵҥҲˡŵԱһԼʱʱλã֮㿪ʼ
ҳһЩʵĳβӣϵܼ״űԴΪ鲼ֱ˽ȥ
Ϻ޺ʱתͷͼаСĲϱ˱ϡ
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⣬ûʲôлġʵЩ̾
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һЩ⣬ֻǸӹԷڵҲ˽ⲻ࣬޷ṩϢ
ҥʱס˻⣬ԼĶ뿪
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ԥֱӽУ׼뼸ֹ߲˿ߡ
˿ѡ˵ģɫҪһ㣬һֻġ
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ӳĥӲݵĿֶΣĥƤ֮ǰҥɹжܼѹһʮġ
ʹˣҥӵгʱȫңֻʣһʮǮ
ҧҧɫˣֱӸ֮ǰȫԼõĵȴص㡣
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ҥЦЦȫ壬֪򵽱˵ʳʮס
ȫȻѯתƿעѣʮ˵ĳףһֻҪǮҪ˰͹ȥ
ҥ鷳ʣ첻𣿡
ȥˣǣҲòˡȫΪս˲мȽŻ㣬ıֶξڸշתЩũƷ͵зԴ׬ۡ
ҥֵһȫһæ
ȫͷʲô£
ȫ֪ǴӺɽӦþСҥҪһ鬵ĸƤпգɷȥһ㡣
ֱӸ˼۸񣬡һҸʮǮ
ȫסˣ鬸ƤҪǸʲô
ȥҩʱҽݵĴңԲõҩһǸҥ˸ɣһ¡
չһҹҥѾжСõľǻ׳没
ⲡǰĵܵСʱҲһ
ʱоǰ˸ӣŪ˵鬸ƤǸκõġ
ҥȻҩˣ׼ȥֻҪæڿ鬸ǿܳܵ˵ģ׼ȫæ
ȫɣ˵ͷӦ
ܿ죬˻صּҴ壬ֿˡ
ʱҥԶԶǸƾɵԺоȻվˡ
ǲҥĿֱӴӵϼСʯӣ˹
飡ҥϮʯͷ

 6 

ι㣬׼۸ˣ֪𣿡
ּСԺڣҥһͷСؤ׾
һ֪֦˵߻𾢡
ҥЦһ۸𣿡
ԼףСؤɤӺˣ㻹ɻǸ
ҥϾشˣͲȥҳԵ𣿡
ʢСؤһҭ
µ۾Ҳҥ
ˣֳβʳӡЦֻҪһڣ͵Ϊ
ҥǣתݣϵ鲼ж
ԼԼԺУСؤ˵˾䡰´㡱ֱ뿪ˡ
˷䣬ͼһ˹վ⿴Щ޴ӡ
ҥ뿪ǰŲٷԺ࣬ǰԭֻʣһСˮľͰҲװ˸˳
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ĬĬһĶͻȻؽһ
ҥ˿ɫ٩ԼԲˣʳȥӶ˸ɻ
ϸʳܳ㣬Сһ˳ǾԹˣüꤡ
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ЩطҲͷŮϵڷװ
ս·ЪĹϵŮױԵʮѵǵŮǴҥһ򵥵ķ£һЩģڷϵͷ߱һ䴺
ҥ˴µĿԡ
Ҫ֪ͥУ׬ǮҵĿŮӣζ˸ĲƲ֧Ȩ
ּ۸װܵõƹ㣬ľûУ·ǲóġ
гѾȷãҥ֪Ҫģա
һ۳ʮӣ߼һ죬һȦ򵥵Ļꡣţѡһͬɫϵ鲼ڻ棬ذЧһ鲼ųСԲ̶롣һ仨״ˡ
ҥǴСԿൽģּ򵥵߻Բڻ¡ȻŴֲڵ˲Сţ˺ü֣ǿĿİ編˺üɫС
Խ棬оԼԽҲԽס
ȡһ仨λ÷ֱȥһ򵥵ġˡ
ϴ֮ҲС˹æŲϡ
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ڶǰȫҥ˵ʮ׺Ϳ鬸Ƥ˹
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鲢ûԤǰ˳ҥ˯ͷ֮͡
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ʲôûԼĶ
̵̬ȻѾȫҥˡ
ҥ룬Ϊš
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ȻԭΪѲ˸ϵҥ޵ĵز
ûԭһƴǸĺӣҲԭĳޡ
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ľѳֻۣ׿Щƽϣר׼ýӡ
ˣȥĶԹҥᣬֻҪԼҥޡ
ҲֱжɱԼһֱŵľľᵽţϡ
ҥΪˣû뵽ԼеĶʰִ֮ע⡣
ҥֱ״֮䡣
ҹǽҲ𣿡ҥüЩʲôϵҲҪߣ
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ߡһ˫ֻأԺжֻҪҿϵģͨͨҪߣ
Щģܶ඼áҡǮõġҥ٣һ˵
ʱǰģִ˾еôǾ͸֪ʱҪľǱ죬Թ԰ҥ˵İš
֪
ôأŤͷһţʰɱ޼ɵʵ۸Ұ
˵ţյҥߣûŶˣҥ
ҥ˵ֻĿؿ
޷Խȥȡ״ҲżȻϵʰõĹ룺ҥ˵ŮˣԼ·Ҹ
ƣҶٶٳԵ⣬·ҲרΪҳô
ʮżŭҥÿܿŭģһǰԼﱻܵ
ҥȴ
ͷιмĻЦ˵öԡ

 7 

ɩɩȻҪ㶼߰ɡҥ
ͻȻ˿ڷ磬ǴһعЦʶࡣ
вͣװŶ૵͸óСƤãҸ˼ˡŶԡ
ֻ̧ۣҲˣҪǱȥˣŮūɲѡԼķˣ
ҥûҲܿʧ£רӵ·
ʱҥԼհõĽԱߣýͿ˫֡
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Щˣ䲻һ
ò죡ԼʰĶҲƵش˳ȥ
ҥĿصɱߡ
ΪЩС鲼ϣҥ÷ǳϸ塣Ĩͷ󣬲ϸ۲ѹʲô
ҥתȡˮϴԼ˫֣ڼ䣬ּĿ֮Ĺ߶ţ
ǸѸսʧϵЩּҰߵĶͳġױֱӾڼеĵλ
Ҳˣؽϣȫҥһ˼Ҫаա
׼ҥסǼʱҥ˳
ɩɩɱ
ɻţתͷͼҥڻеģһλһ¯
λȻҥֳλǸ¯Ҳּһֱڼеġ
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˴ɩɩңĪǽֳҲһߡ
⺢ӣʲôأˣ콫ߣߣ
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ҥȵľ⣬Ա㾾е˼û뵽ȥôãɩɩֳʬǵ顣ɩɩΪ˿ãòԴ˼¡
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죡ˡ
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˵꣬׼վȴԤӦһá
⺢ƽĬһЩϣȴƺѾԼ⡣
ҥЦž˾Ķ䣬پڴ£ɣһȥЩ
˵꣬˳ȥ
ԼҥץĶ䣬ֿһλ漴ҥͷȥ
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ʱһŷһȡȫĿ鬸ƤƤȥֻƤˮҩ
ϴ׼ȥ˯ǰõĿ鬸Ƥˮ˸
С鿴һ㣬ʮ־ᣬҥǿƣԹ԰ζصҩˮˡ
һҹéޣҥҲû˯á
ֱ¶һĨ΢׳أҥŴ˸Ƿ
ѾסԼС˯ðҥԳһЦ۷еľ
Ǿĵһ                        
лҪ˵лӪҺСʹ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 8 

巻λھǵ棬٣Ľݳ߿ֵٽ
ʱңǱ巻Ϲˡ
죬˱巻ǰһСס˽Ų
ֺÿֱ˵ľҥӣǰкÿͷɣ
˱˵ڴ֮ͥ¹ˣŰ̯ܶ
ҥһ
ӹԼıɵĵһ¾ǰڵ̯
0.3ԪҵԲʺͷȦֻҪ˵ܼҹУÿ13ԪȡܳһʱҥĩʱվƱڼӹסĳ֮䣬СƷȥһ׬ٿǮ
ʱʲôĻڣǮҲǿ׬ԼеĵһͰ
񲻹ʰҵҥʮֵӦ֡
ܿ죬бǰʡ
ʢеľ溱ţܿ²ġ
ʼǮ󣬲˱ʧ£ֱ뿪ǶԾȤȴΪûⶫ׼һ
ҥҲ⣬֪󲿷Ҳƶ˼ңʹͷǮҲ֧䡣˭ҲȺǵһзˡ
˰ΣѵĿ˲ŵ
ƯŮӱҥеľ߳ĺк
Ӧɻףʲô
ҥɨ˵ţ֪ˡ
ܵÿͷɡ
ⶫϾ棬Щ˴ûһٴɻ󣺡Ҫô
ҥŵһߣ㡣
˵꣬ڷ£ȡͷķŷٵ·ϵȥ
ϵ󣬷һ˫۾Ծػ˻ԴߵСõÿ𣿡
ͷϵͷ󲿷ŮӵͷϵٺÿԳڡ
һˡ
ɫС׺ڷ̳Ůٵķ䣬һӾס˵
ĺѣ·ˣƵƵĿͶ
̫ÿˣŮ̾ҲҪҲҪ
ܿһԼͬɫϵľҥҪСҲҡ
ҥȻܾذϵ
ܿ죬һµԻϲЦ
ȡʵЩҪǮ
ҥ㣬лݣܹġ
ͷ󷽵ͳԼСɰ
׼ǮʱһŮӵⳡס
ңôĶҲܿˡ
һ¾ˣ˫ǲˡ
˵𣿡˫ɴҥһۺ󣬱㽫ӻȥ
ЩС⣬İŶм
ЦһҪۣȴԼĺסˡ
ŮӸߣѹ˫Щ˵ûҲˣһЩ鲼ƴնɵ𣿷СǾ㱻˹ȥ
Ҫǻǲ˰ɡ
˫ƺ巻Сһ֣ŮӶͣ˽Ųչ֣һΧʵ
Ⱥи͵˵ûҲ̫ˣ㶼ҪĪΪʦˣԼһ϶Щÿˣ
Χԣ׷׵ͷǡ
۵زܶ˱ʧ˼ȥҲе˴ǰҥļ־ҪŪ
ҥԭһֱվԭĬĬ۲̬չʱ˿̣֪Լó洦ˡ
ӻ޴Ѫľ˼ǰ󣬹עһ׼ΪԼĶ
Щǵۣļƻڵһʧˡ
µޣѾȥ죬ڴ˴ǮĿԽңԶˡ
ҲζţŵУܾܵźĺ˿ڿɲʲôӪ䵽ڵУҥ޷ԼǸʲô֡
Щ巻Ů˵ʵҲû
ҥȻᴩߣ幤ǾԱȲЩְ巻
ֻҪ͸ַŪӾºÿƷ
еģԶʱ۹⡣Щ׼õƷ
ǣҥⷭеͷͻȻЦųһ䣺˵öԣͷѣֻЩ˼ˡ
һ̵ĻԤϣֱӽ׼ɢȥȺע˻
ҥ漴ֳ˿ݵı׼Цݣ״˵˵ɣĽݶУһƥɵְٽһС⣬϶Ҳֵ
ɽǵʱգ弼˽ݵİֱȲǣֻÿĽͷýǲù˼ˡ
ǹάһ˵쾭岻ΧǷӦ󣬶Щ˼
о󲿷ֻǵ͵Ĳƥ˵ٽĶǺ
巻˭ԸǳΪؼԼֵĵһֱŵȥ
ҥһ˵ǡǡĵǵļϡ
ǲΪģˣģ˹˼
رǷˡ
ؿ˫һۣС˵ãֻĳЩ˼ȡˣŻƽЩ
˵꣬ԥˬظˣűԼѵֱۣ˵Ц巻
˫ɫݵĿ뿪ͻȻתҥ˵һ䣺ҲҪһģ
ҥЩԻ·ܲڷŵⲻ
ϲϲ˫ݹȥҲÿľͭ塣
ҥеľܿ߰˳ɡ
ʱеﶼϹˣ巻ĴҲҥǰֱϡ
ҥʰöֱת뿪
һڲٳ֣ϻؼУϵʱ䣬յķݶ
ڶգ׼ʱ巻ſڡ
ҥϵǣʱǸ˫ĹվԼյλϣƺڵԼ
ǰȥ˫Ȼס
ƣ˫ƫͷҥԼľô
ϵڷľƫָչڷ΢ҥĲ֪ÿ˶ٱ
Ȼ˫ԼģϺնԶԶѹҥƷ
ҥλԼһ
ЦЦĿ޵ÿǷŵЩСǰҲõóֵġ
ߣǵȻ˫
ձҥһʱҥֱ˵佱˼Ϊˡ
Ƭ̣ί˵˾䣺˵巻ⶫȫǰŪֻзЩɵӲŻ򡣡
˵˭ɵӣ˫䣬˹
˫Ҳ˵Ц΢΢ƫͷýԼͷӭչľ
ϵͷϵģմҥµľһԱȣӣһӾͿˡ
˵ˣŭֱ޲õԼͷϵľ
ÿĽ㣬ˡҥͻȻڣջ𣿡
һ˦֣ĶôҲŲҪ
յľŶҥܵģеģЩһ
˵ߴȡһǳɫ
ϣÿֻĴָָ״С׹ϸϸĲ֦ϡ
ЩͬϵϺ󣬻䲻ͦڷ䣬˳ŷ˿ڼ米һҡҷС
ɶɫһ˲˻
ģЦúϲ£졣
ֱӰҥҪϵϣ
ҥȻᵡҪ˫ϸϵ
֦ǡôϷļ򡣷òУסȥץŪͯ
ÿ𣿡һ䣬Ƕҥ˵ģǶɫ˫
ԭ˫ͷǶɫľѾѹȥģԵ˫װĵ
ϰһǵķȻǸ˵òС
ҥٰȥˡ
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ҥľ֮˫Ҳˣҥľ򵥣ʵмɡ
ԼĥܺܿͷԴʱֻа¿ʽҲؼоͬʽҸӺÿ
С˼ôôࣿ˫ʡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɴ۾ȷϵա㲻ŪµĶɣ
ҥۣЦ޺Ŷ
ս˫ߣεѧʴأÿһ죬ҶóһĿʽ
˵꣬΢΢˿ţ㻹Ҫ𣿡
˫ȵ΢΢Ŵ죬ܿʰϵı顣
װмءҡһ򴽵ҥһۣ
ţ𼱻ǸǮһգ۾巻ȥˡ
ҥĿ뿪ɫӵü
Ҫóļ־ʽǳ򵥣ѰֻҪһĥô¡Ƭϵ˵Ǹʶҥһ޶ִ۹ĸ
ʵϣʵ֪Щʲôʱ巻ע⣬עǷܴﵽԭԤƵЧ
ʱ̫ˣòһѡ
һҥѹнǣü˼ŹǲǸЩķӣ巻²Ĺע
һգҲ巻ŹϺ󣬰һ׼ǻؼҡ
չճ巻ǰĵ·һϤĴͷӭײϡ
Ӵⲻ԰ģԵǧᡯ𣿡ŻһȤζسҥ

 9 

巻ڡ
ѾǹʱշڶȴЩĲɡ
һ洩ߣһ治סĿ⳯ǱͶȥ
ֱͦ˼米Ըб۾ȥ岼ҲԼͷ°硣ǳɫ䣬ѹ˴⿪ʢӭԺÿķ羰
̲סԼһȥչҥʱһ͵߽䡣
һæؾãڳһģ㲻и
»һȦף漴޿ɶ˳ȥ
õľˡһߴߣһһĪòɿԸͽǿҪúðա
޿ɶӦǡ
Ҳôš£Ҳı飬ǵ֪ģֻҪӣĪ϶ҪмһšյװҲʮۣʲôΪżĪģ
˦˦ͷͷζ
Цģľ¾ô
ýЦЦ
ܻˣԣֱӴӻͳԼһݸµҸҲһԣһ⣬Ҫ鷳°æùȥ
±ֵܾ͸ģֲ͸ģǰˣ֪˿ɲ
εҡҡͷЦŽӹ
ǰĪ巿·;ֱӽ϶
ܿ죬㷢һߣⶫ𣿿Ⲽϣ巻Ķ
޿ɶԶһ㶡
룬ģһСһڽ
ͣƬ̣Щɵǹ￴ŲʲôǮģȻ巻Ĳϣ
ЩֵǮĲˡ޿ɶ
ֲһȻûȥ룬ҲؼǵЩá
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ôܣչȥһҲǮôáü졯ԭϡ
һʱĬܿ죬սоȻ֪ˣ
Ҳӣڷ޿ɶɻе巻Щ鲼
޿ɶЩﲻͬͳܵǷڴСˡ
ͨеĲϼϷ˲Ϣܿ͵ó˴𰸡
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ҵ࣬Ҳɲ١
Ŀ޵Щ鲼ϣÿ컹Ҫӵû뵽˼Ƴ˾
仰Խ˵Խ˺ȥһ˼ģ
ȴͻȻһš
֪Լͷϴģó͸ŮĶ÷ûҪķϲģɫʱͨ죺Щϲ̨С⣬Ȼ÷ϲġ֪֪ҾͲ㡣
ȴЦŰ޷˵Щ߽ģȴʵмϲҲġ
Ķˣʱȵñ˿ⶫ첹⡣
ָ޿ɶͷϵľ޿ɶۣˣⶫÿǧٱ飡
ԭΪͿҥ޿ɶḽȴû뵽޿ɶҡҡͷ
Сȷʵʮֵ˼޿ɶҲǿۡ죬Ҳһ䣬ȫˣŰŸԭ˳
Ŷµؿ𣿡
ȷʵѡ޿ɶ
ʲôƺȤ²׷ʵ
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ңСһͬ˵⼸ÿնóЩͬʽ
Ҿãһ㣬Ѱ˿ˡ
ŶȻʣ»ü
ĦеãһֱҪĪԺУʵǷ˵϶Ǯ󼸺Σ
ЩС϶ǮŻҥеĶѯʵ
ҥԼ˲ء
ŻƺԸݣ򴽣ڽһĲȣҪ򼸶𣿡
ģŻŶЦˡ
ݺЦһֶͨҥʵСѾͷòָЩɣЩƻ
ҥ侲ض
ŬŻǮĴֻҽѾչˣ򣬱ÿҹȥ
Լѹ»ܿڳ˵ŻʶҪ
ҥ΢΢һֱӶ㿪ˡ
ŻһԼ½ǲ˲ֱ㵱ǾƲԳԷơ
ΪһĳˣҲмڵΪһСŮӣֻͷ־ʱ㻹ǵðɣʮ󣬼ǵԼ͵Ǯȥ
ǵʱ㣬ӾԵּҴ壬ϻ
ͷġҥһ䡣
ߣŻһۣģջʣٶûȥӸԲ
˵ţͣͳһ׻
⽫ҥǰιһ飬Żô𣿡
һӣǡþֵǮǿҥػķ
Żԭſҥ۲ı飬û뵽ҥֻǱһϵĶʵǵһҲ
һ㶣漴֡Ц
֪ͺãⱲӰҲٿǮˡȡЦҥ㣬泩кź뿪ˡ
ʹ߳ԶҥԼŻ
дղмֱԹҹùþȻҸᶢСˣ⣬ܷʲôˣ
ҥЩӿŲŸϡ
еᣬװʲôֵǮĶĶһֱ
գҥɼ
糿巻ҹڼиϹ
˵ǣԽԽãⶫ巻ռסҥҲûżŻ
ÿǣķչġ
뻹ծ޲ʱһգʰʣ
һ죬Ĳ̫óΪˣΪڷϵģʽĻ䣬״Сɿ˵Сӡ
Сͦ䣬Щ޷õĲϣʸУϵڷʮ
ã뿪ʱ򣬱Ѿϵ巻ţͻȻһ졣
޿ɶź֣ҥһ¡

 10 

޿ɶ״̬
ҥ巻еС·ϣ˿żأһֱĬ
ҥԭԼ˼У²巻ҪΪ£˺һŷ޿ɶ״
û޿ɶˣԭˣÿüŻв󣬷ֵؿʼмһˡ޿ɶÿ춼չ⣬ҾóƵľҥȽۡ
˵巻ҥϤˣǱض޿ɶˡ
ҥȻֻ£ںûˡľȴ֪һİ֯Ӵʱ£һԼкøеǶôҪ
룬һ⣺ʣȴ֡
޿ɶ䡰ߡһЩȸ˲źأ
Ը⽻ҥ΢Щ
ʣɶأ
ţ޿ɶûӦ
Ǵĵʱ򣬿ɶΪʲôҲˣҥ̯˵
ʱΪ⣬һһеСƺ޿ɶѾȫû˸
޿ɶԣֱͣ˽Ų
վ˵·룬ӿҥ
ҥ۲ϵɫСĹȥǣס֣ʵôˣ
޿ɶķӦ
ʱ۲죬޿ɶ巻мûʲôõˡϹʱԶǶһˣľҲԶۣû˿ҫ
һˣ£ʱڣȻҲߵġ
Ȼһ֮޿ɶѯʵ˵ıȲǷ𣿡
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ͷҲص˵ȻҪȵġңҡ
Ļ˵ڣҥѾŲ˳
巻еİ̯ʱҲż˼䣬һؼͽ飬ڿͷϵĴ¡
޿ɶӦ˷ʦ֮ͽʧ֮ۡ
ȫ;еĻ¬¼ˣҥ룬һ˵Ȱ¶Կ϶ǳҪѳɶ֣ǱҲûõģǰ
³һҾãʧȥһλᣬʵӵ˰Ŀܡ
ͱԼ
ٽޣмӴͼ巻²ע֮⣬ҲѾʼˣУԼӦ
޿ɶȻܽһʮСŮġ
Щ˵ǻ㶮ʲôûܱĪͽܣұ٣û׷ϷĿܡңⱲӶˡ
˵ţסӱƵؼӿ˽Ųǰϡ
ҥСŸ˭˵Զ׷Ϸˣձضá
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ⷬЩã޿ɶ˽Ųʶ˸ͷϵĵ
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˱߱ģʱѾһԺǰ档
޿ɶʼԼױѣҥ֪Ŀĵصˡ
ǰ´˾ԵݹŮӣָָǰСԺӡ
Ҹһᡣ
չãؼĴ޼ɵعⷽռ䣬˱磬˻ǡСվԺǰǹһۣűճȹǣһԾ˫ڿռ佻һڶ䵽ԺڡвȹǴżϣһź
ź绹أԽżĶȴò˼飬ˮ
޿ɶͷһ˲հףӦֲس˸ۡ
˲ҥǹԹԸ޿ɶԺȥ
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Ƕչү䡣
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ҥͷ
÷зĲƣҲǣʡ
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˶٣˵£ɶ˵ֱԼǧİ취õľ˼ȥ۱Ƚʯ
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һѵңֻҪһ߽ϾͿˣֻҪõ巻㲻Ҫôˡ
ҿ㵹бۣԣ֪ǽҪʲôˡ
ҥ֪ĲĻڿʼˡ
оԼһڻ˰Ȼд״̬׼ڳƻӦʱһ˽
ѽ̫ˣ
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ҥ˹ǣ̸еҲо취мӿġֹ巻ѰһʮʹáֹŻһʮ䡣
һڼָۡͷʮ
չүǧֱӴӦԱߵæס⣬ǮɲУ̫ˣ
Ȼҥûչүһɻؿ
ſʵϣдļַǣҲࣿ
ҥǡ
ţ˵ʱ½棬˫ս۸ˡʮ֡巻ֻԸ֧ӵĶβ֤ҥԷ֮󣬲Ż֧
ҥ϶ЩɫѾǿʯͷ
ӵĶ԰ţصˣ
Ҳ飬󣬱׼ȥҥѧϰ
ҥȴֹ
Աߵ޿ɶʱɶദĸʽ̾
ɶ˵ɣ˼ֺã֮ǰַƹҵľ϶ѧˡ
һ٣룬ͷ޿ɶҲСȻɶͽɣɵøλҥúѧѧ
޿ɶԴЩ裬ҥǡ
عŵؿҥõҥգ۵ĻӦ
һ뿪巻ʱҥУ˵
Ǯ֪࣬ΪΣ·֮ǰżŻĵطʱȻ֮ǰĶԻ
뵽ǮʱԼҪٴζţҥüͷŲԾˡ
вõԤС

 11 

һգصʱɫѾ
ԭԺűߣҥʱһһֶȥˡ
ҥźãǰһС򣬿ʼ𷹡
æµʱ֡
㡭ôûͻȻʵ
ʱҥ峿ţԼ⺢ѾӦֽࡣ
һҥˣǰãѾڿҪҪҳȥ
ҥһۣϧҹä֢˫ڻƵ¿ʲôȻ
Ӧһ顣
򵥶Իֳ֮Ĭ
ԹѾߣ¹⣬Լ鬸Ƥˮ
Ĳ֢ʱѾ࣬⼸Ѿᶯͱʹĥˡ
СѾԼȥ鬸Ƥ˯ǰһ롣
ʱҥ׼ʰһЩ
취巻֮㲻Լˡҥ׼ЩڻǱߵծ֮ʰһ¼Уٿһ֮ҪӪ
ʰʱĶ˷˳
ԭ鲼ϵĵϣȻ״ľ
ҥڰŪҩӵ˹ȥ
Сעӣʵʵ硭ûԼ˼䡭
ҥҲ˵Լеĸܣءšһ
תѯʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ҥǽ֮󣬾ͲҪҩˡǶжˡ
жɴ۾
ҥõع˹ǣİɣôһ㣬Բˡ
㬵תͷֻջĶ
ҥÿջǽǣ巻޿ɶ˵顣
ʱһתۣϹ涨ޡ
إߣǮС
ƹ٣ڹ̨
飬ݵݺȲŻǰ
Щռڵ飬Ҫͷܼˡ΢Ц˵š
Ż˳ʵЩʲô
ƹ֪ʶֲ࣬һһܵǷʮǷʮŶһּҴһĹҥá
ҥ⹷ġһ֣Żŭɶشһ°
ƹæȰ˻
Ҷȥ桮ջʱ򣬱͸ðŮƫ˵ûϸߡŻƹе飬޺޵ǣУпһˣԵͷ
δ䣬ǮеĹ̨ͻȻ졣
Żƹѭȥͼһҥվ˹̨ǰ
˵ܲٲܲٵŻһʱ仹ûӦ
ƹǰСǮʲô°
ҥһۣҽҥǰڹǮнǮ
ƹĻͷһŻȻʽ鵽֮գԼˡ
ҥ˵ͷ
ǡŻվŤŲӻһ½ǣʶ࣬Ӷһˡ
ߵҥǰЦûʲôãͷϵˣӿɲĴ
ҥľ˵꣬ӵǷµģҲҳ
Ż֪ͺãɱ޵ģ
ҥȴûж
еˡǻǮǮоͿ˰ɡ
ŻûӦѾƿεĲϺͲݵ棬¶ӡ
Ű׹ڸɿݵĲݵʮۣҲƹŻһ𾪲
ӦŻһҡ
֮ǰŻⶣҪעһҥĶĪҪ˲
Դһڳżҥ֪ǲ׬Ǯľûа·ϡ
İʧְҪ֤ݡ
㡭ʮʱ䣬ＯǮ۾˿
ҥתſ˵ƹͷƹһ°ɡû⣬뽫黹ҡ
ƹĵͷҪڣȴŻֹ
£ӵվǮɡ
ҥüͷ                        
лҪ˵׼ͷ޸һǰݣ¡
¿ܻȽ٣鷳ҵȴһ~

 12 

ҥŻ뿪ǮУȻûѡ
ŻУڽ֮û
ǣСĵظŻ󣬽ǮԱߵһС֮һϿšŸֵĸۡǰͣ
Ż˽ȥտżһģ긾Ůӭ
شһҥŻ˽֮󣬱ˣҥͷβʰһ顣
ҥһ߲ԼЬףһ߾ǹ߶
ȥ֮󣬲׼Ҳ׼мǲŪ𻵸κһʲ𣿡
ҥӦǡֽȫɾˣŷС
Ÿܴ󣬵ӡ̵Ǿ࣬ҥ԰СУԼǰ·Ż˰˷ơ
һһ̴ԺУҥȻ˴˴˼ңš
ŻǰǰǸģֻһ京ĵ
ҥһۣСˡ
ҥ뵢飬ֻϸĽ׼õͳԼǰİϡ
ԼĽվҥ黹ҡ
ʾ⣬ǰˣȷһ
Ůҥϲˮҥ˾䡰лá
ſͻȻ˵һ˵ЧԸԸ⣬
ҥֻһ㶣վŻŰҽŰԼˤš
һţֿһҥȻһڿˮ
ҥع֮ǹصлȻŵˣҲһƶŮΡ
ϥ޶Ůһ裬һֶӣҲǸõġ
˵ţŻһۣŸҲʹ뱲ӣ˲٣Ҳмʶ˵۹⣬㣬ܺá
һּҴʱȷʵ˼ʱҥֱӾˣбЩŭ
ԸŻŵˣŰºҥһúáһٿܲá
ҥôʱڴǮ
ϣҥĿеķָһ㡣ԣԸʱ򣬳ٴ£ҥ
ˡŶ˶٣ҲĽˡ
仰أȻû˵̫ף˽ҥӰͷ
ҥͷֻǾ̾ŵ۹⡣
뵱꣬ҵĵ͹ڼ䣬Ҳвٴ˾ְ֦θ߹ܡ
ҥܾͨͨˡ
񲻹ǾݣټǮе˿ӵִҥǷеҥȻԸ㡣
ҡҡͷ̬ȼ֣̿Ŀޡֻû飬롣
̾һ
ӻ֣Ż黹ҥ
ҥϿɣʵҲһҡʱûΪԼһ
ʱ˿̣ޱսѾȥ³ɷҪϴΪ׵ŲԼº֡
أᵽɤۡ
ͻŻɫʮ࣬Ŀ˵Թ
ڽ֮ǰһֱΪԼǮΨһļ̳ˡ
ŽһȻԭһСѾͷƬӣȡԼ
ʱţĵĶȫûΡ
ҥɫӹ飬ŻֳĬվȥ
ǣԼĶ뿪Ÿ
ȻǰۼŽŻǰѵ֪ΪΣŸ֮ɸеһš
ҥ룬ѭԭ·أǹսԱһС
غûһһŲ
ǽŲȥҥŸ̽ͷȥ쿴
ȻЩ˵Ӱοжϣ׷ˣŻ¡
߬еҥʶԼŻĳǽˡ
֪ǲ⣬֮ǰɹԸֱӷԼ뿪ҥƲӦǲԼġ
ʱЩҲûκˡ
ʲôʱֻҪ֪£ضվԼֶǱߵġ
˾ƣҥһ뿪ȴԭԶȥĽŲ۷
ǣȥʱšһɣһʱȴѧˣ˷·Ѱ
ҥԼĶ򣬶нŲ
ʱһ˼ҵİǽ£ǽǡοյơ
ҥԺۣûˣ㽫ҧڿУǽɷ˹ȥ
СʱºӵûٸɣǽȻûԹʱҲѾ
أԼڰǽغʱ۷ŻҲ¾ۼˡ
ûҵŻ͸ŷŭ뽹ꡣ
ģһ磬ѾͷּҴȥЪţֵһˣץˣ
ҥԣһ
Żƺ˼Ƭ̣ܾСٸǱץý¡ҲֵùǱȥڷǸͷж֮ǰǶҪˡ
ɻ󣺡ǡͲǸѾͷˣ
ǣһֱڳǱ߱׬Ǯ𣿡ŻЦȥԸˣֻҪڳм͸ֱץͨķǱȥ
Ӧǡ
˵꣬Ųֱ뿪ˡ
ҥ˲̫࣬ڵ֮뿪뿪ǣصּҴǱȥ
ųȥİ취ʱͻȻһ˭ôҼԺ


 13 

ҥȫע͵Ż˵ȫûע⵽Լվһˡ
ͷȥͣȴֱŨüԲĿǰ巻λСүչѡ
㣿չҲϳصɴ۾
ҥڵϣֻܳ΢һͷչү
̫࣬ǳչԻδӦʱ򣬼һ䣺˼鼱֮²Ŵð
ھ뿪
˵꣬ٴνֱҧʼʩǽȥ
ֱȴǽǱߴһŭȣСˣҳ
ԭŻ˲ûоʹȥ֪ҥδȥһֱ⸽Ѱҡղҥչѽ̸ֱӱǲ׽ˡ
ҥͷԣ˻ȥ
ܿǽľ󣬾ͻᷢŻ˴ӲԶֱֱصĵطֱǽοյƷ϶䡣
ȻʱŻı飬ҥȴصĺһһͷ緢
һֱǽţǽϵҲŻԴ
һʱᣬŻûз
£˾͸űһǽľ롣
Żǰһֱӽ׽ס
ҥȻǸʮĳִ꣬һֱʱ̣ԺҲƲסػ𿴵òĺڰӰ䵽ŻУԼǸʲô³
ˣܱ򶨣վչѣѾɵˡ
ǸŵСүʶ龰ֹͷһۿŻһִͷһҥȫ֪ʲôӦ
չүŻȿڣƵĻ˺һӡ
ӵ巻չھǿɲʲôС΢еλˣϵչүΨһһ
㣬㡭չ˿ڿˮǺˣ
ŻǮеٶҡŻֿ죬¶ɭɭİ֮ǰںԶ¥үүܰˡ
Ŷ㰡չ㶵Ӧš
⻰ǻӦŻģ֪Ŀȴ䵽ǽҥϡ
ԣŻȻҲ֪ˡ
Լǽ£һЩ
ҥѾᵽɤˡ
˻֣ʾչѲҪעԼȴ֪ʹҲûʲôá
ؼʱ̣ɤӵ٣үūҵ·
չûҥ˼Żȴ¶һĨȻЦ
ѯʵòɣչүѰ-
չûлӦֻ۾ֱӶҥϡ
ŻҲ˼չѵݣǮзŶЩѰҡǸʮСһģȴرƭˡ
𣿡չãȻüͷ
ҥŲƣҡҡͷ
徲ŻҵԺȥһңҲġ
ҥسչҡͷ
ʱչҲӦˣŻĻܾͷˡ
Żüûзչү֪Ѿͷ
ȻмҶġչѹŲӣҴûʲô㣬㻹ǿЩȥطҰɡ
˵ѣ仰Ǻˡ
ŻĬ˺һ
Ƭ̺ЭˣͲүˡ
һȭ漴ٴ뿪
£ҥȴǲˡ
ϣŻװӵʱǰһչѣһ·Сܣ뿪ǰǽصһɽ档
ȷ˴˴ȫ֮ҥ˼Ÿôչѽ͸ղŵ顣
ͷչѣȴɫ죬ϵȫȻûзŭɻ
̫̫̼ˣչԼŵ
ҥչүелл
û£û¡չѰ˰֡
Ȥʵô°㲻ôǮУԺˡ
ҲҲʲôҥҺǮУ˵
˵չҪ
ҥʱ˼¡
룬չүҿɷʱ
ʱ󣬹ٸѲ·ıֽ֣ʱұԸѲˡ
ֽ֣ܵһСĿܻҪЩץסչѵ
ҥȻ֪еķա
ʱƵҲֻһѡˡ
ԼԵĻ·ֻҪصУ˼һĶԲߡ
һߣչֵɣǣҽǮеĶԹô
ͷ˵ܻ⣬Ľܿ˰ɣ
ҥһ㶡
Ӧȷϵܰͳȥ
չһͷ
ҥǵϵá
ȷʵܻ⣬˿ԸӦ£Ҫԭλչҹÿԣûʲô˼
˴򽻵ٲõԼƭ
Ǻܿ죬չѵİ£һ˴˼Ժ䣬Ŵʻȥ
ҥҲʱ֪طչչүרΪչ׼Ķĵط
۶ͻȻðҥһͷˮΥչѣ˳
ϣҥҲԼչѽԼ顣
ǮеĶԹʵ仰ͿԽΪչչүġ顱ҥǼ˼ϸڣ
չѱ߾̾󣬾һ伫ߵ
ҥЩΡ
֪ԼŻ޴¼ʱһµչѣȴЩԵί
˵Ĳ࣬ʱ޴
չү󣬲þЩҥûʲôģȡ
𣿡չȣϥţԴҲǣҵ֪ˣ϶˵㣬š˵뾭ѵҵ
ҥһۡ
ʲôҵʡ
չ룺Һúö飬ѧ̳мҵҵĻ˵Ůĵ£ҵžǼӣٳּаɡ
ҥЦЦ
ҵԼҪ£ƫƫ˵Ƿ˵ѵǵ˵𣿡
չ΢죬һʱ˵
Ĭ˺һ˼ðһ䣺
ʱǡõŸͣչѯһָʾ
ҥҲûٻӦչѵĻ
ͨ۲һΧûʲôֵ˺󣬱˳չѸ
߻ؼʱɫδҥԶԶ뼸СؤԺкӲݡ
һжִ£ָ⣬һʱģ

 14 

£ҩ޷๾ҥʱβݵļӶŵض
ҥǣźú󣬱أæµ
ƻʱ֣ؤǰӲݣչװõҩˮ
뿪֮ǰΪǸСкŲҥǰŤңǰԺӣҩ
˶٣ǿһ䣺ûϵ
ҩˮ֮ǰʣµĿ鬸Ƥλ׳没Чǰʱõò࣬Ѿͣҩ鬸ƤʣһЩ
ⶫֵǮȴҲҥʵʵǮġ
һʰϣһ̧ͷʵʲô֣
Сؤһ㶣漴ʤ
ջ𣿡ҥһǽµĿ鬸Ƥ
ʤסˡ
Сȷϵ𣿡
Ҫҩ𣿡ҥ⼸նڣкռҸɻ
˵仰ʱҥһ˲һӶͯУֱܿԼ
ʤˣֿ˷ܵã
˵꣬кԼļСܣһ߱뿪ּңһ˷Ϣ
ʤ硭һСʣڸʲô
ָΪβմϵ޷޵ǸŮĿţȥĵط˭ֱӰѶ͸ǣ㶫ҪɴĻ
ʤԭĽŲֳٻ
룬˵ĺҲԣ֮ǰɻΪ˰ӦǶùð
СûˣߵĻ帻ԣˣǽȥǣ
ʤֱӾܾ
һСܲĿУͷҲ˵ǣǡ
ûãǶùÿǵ˲һ𣿾ͣǲҾò
תӿˣЦЩɵȥɻⲻǰǵѰҲҪԶؤҪȥԵѰ˵ζ
ߵСһ죬ͰȥּҸɻȥ壬ôˣ
˵ְ꣬ףӭϦǰȥ
ּСԺ
ҥ˴
ϴŽݣ˺һ㶣ͻȻʵ𣿡
ҥ󣬻ɺóһʱĻȴЩ
Сֻܲ²Ϊսʤǵ鷢Ƣ
ûСҥۡ
ǣ𣿡ʡ
ǡҥЦһ
ԴĪطоԼûзɹ
ʱвһ飬ӦСֹķʣǱ㸽͵ԣˡ
ĬһͻȻĴ齡
ڻ谵ҵҥһ˫ȣش
Ұ㴷ȣͲˡҥ˵
ڵض˶ⷳ˵СԶ㣬һھͷһɬʺӿ˱ͷ
Ϊ˲ÿǻй¶ҥҧסأû˵
գʤԼּҡ
ҥԭһֱæ飬ÿ飬е鶼С
ʱΪŻܽǣ
ʱ䣬׼ʰһ¼Уĳ·
ʤ˱ָʾţһԭǼ䷿ʰֽԺƽһ
֮ǰȫǱһˣ˼Ƥۡ
صʱҥԼǰͣһţ
жȻһ߽һŷ;Ȼ޿ɶ
޿ɶԼȹǣվԺУŻЩ
˴к޿ɶ⣺ң⼸նߣ㽲¡
˵ɻʵôˣ㲻ȥ巻𣿡
ΪŻ˳Թҥ뱣סԼǾȥˡ
ԭǵҲ巻飬ϾĽףʮδܽǣ⽻׿Ҫϡ
ʱµİţȴǡǡýȼü֮
ҥһ˼֪ضչǱ߰
Ȼ֪СүǸʲô˼ҥĬĬǵС
һתƿ⣬һ޿ɶݡ
޿ɶΪЩԸȴܴ󷽣ͽʤˣǴк
֪ҥСֶ֮ԼɰͳöͭǮ͸˼
֪ܾ޿ɶȴŶӶҥԹһûôõţأˣȥŪԵġ
ҥšһԼ۽
ʱ䣬Ǯ˲ٶлǼªһȶ
ҥȡˮ棬֮ǰµŷͣʮͷ
ԭ׼ȫˣΪ޿ɶܱһ˼ԺмҰУһл
ͼСؤʼסʿˮ޿ɶȴʲô
ҥ֪϶ⶫҲֻزˣǱװʲôû֣к˿ʼԷ
޿ɶȡһͷҧһڣɴ۾˵סվȻҲã
ǴͷȻΪԭϲãЩɤӣȴ㹻ʵܵĿڸУ̲סϸϸ׽Һеȫ⡣
ִһִͷϸİͷҪһǮ˾ӵ곤ȴϲ
ҥϸİͷҲԼ⡰һ顱ˡ
ǵֻһΣûʲô֮ĴڣԶԼӲջˡ
޿ɶţԼӱҥ͸ʢһԷͷʣ¼һĵ˷ʳ˸ɾ
극󣬼ӼҥķԸʰУҥʼ޿ɶ˵ĸ
죬޿ɶ鵽ּұ׼һǾ鶼ö
һգҥӳЩ
ȫǱߣҥƷգȴּй٣ʮֲ㡣ͷũ˳ĶȫҪе̲򵽡
Ϊ֮ǰ˺ܾọ̃ˣҥʵڲ˼ÿζ˼ҽ衣巻ּֽ˵βҥҧҧѶˡ
û뵽ǣ޿ɶûĶָҪģࡣ
СᣬҥһһСƿͣüʵʲô£
޿ɶչ尸һǧĵͷҲصġ
ҥüĸңЩҡ
ѽˣ˵˵ôģ޿ɶ졣
ҥ֪һƬ⣬ҲƾĶݣǻǮ׼޿ɶ
޿ɶȴˡ
㲻֪ҶæΪ˳ﱸ巻ĵλˣǷҲٲñǿ׿ҡвҵߣһúллˣ㲻£ǲǿң
ҥ䣬ʵòѶˡ
ٹһ˰ɡ
޿ɶ죺㲻˵ͿԽ𣿡
ҥйҺãתͷһϸڵø˵⡭
ţ޿ɶ̧ͷ
һٺóԵġҥϡ                        
лҪ˵ûĻ

 15 

һ־ʽ˵꣬ʱ磬޿ɶ³ŵ룬ţسȥˡ
ҥŪ˵ʳС˯Ƭ̣ǰոµСͷɽ
ԭС߳󣬼Ƭɽļ䣬ҥеĿģһƬλڰɽ֡
Ӻܾ֮ǰ͵Ƭ֡
ּСԺΧʸ룬ֻǸ裬ҥһֱҪޡ
ȴΪͦεġ
һ·ϣҥ·ֺʼѰŴ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ޿ɶһٺóԵģʲôͷ֧ƱͺȴڼҥҪ黹ˡ
񲢲ңĴпնתƣҥ©֮ڡ
Щ̶ȼ͵ɽּ䣬ӯִȺҥѰ˸أбĸͷޡ
ˣֱԵ˼Կඡˣѡ۵ժҲһѡ
ŵĲඡãҥ˴뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼɽдһ
Ǹ΢Щ϶ȴʮѣصڴյɽּ䣬Եʮˡ
ҥȻûȫʣȴҲܲ²Ȼ컯ġ
̤ˣ̧ͷһԾµĿķθ
ҥӼ
ܿɻ󣺡ôѡɽ
ԭһҥ˳Ÿķȥ
ḻҲЩʶ˵ı£жָܳˣӦչĸӣҪչѸ죬
ɽ̤࣬ҪЩɽҲ˵ҥʱȱǮʱ
ߵһ룬ĸʮö
·ߵ֦һֻɫСȸʱŸʱͷԼëҥ߹߶û
ҥǷౣζƲס˿ڿˮ
СĳСȸȥץ˸ա
޾֮·Щյʱ̧ͷȴ֦ϵѡ
ҥһЦĸջö񵰡
質֮˵ĺøжЩ
񵰷źãҥӿ˽Ų
Խɽߣ·Խ٣Ҳ̫˳ҥųͷڱֱ¡
Դʱȴŵһֵζ
жȻЩǣҥͣ˽Ų׼ȱһ¡
ǡڴʱǸȻһϣתۼ任һˣ˾Ⱦ
ҥˣŹֵζУ˿˿Ѫȡ
һʱЩΪѣԭһ󣬻Ǿǰȥ
ȴ˰µĲݴԣҥҰ¿
ǰһСƬյأһü۴Ц꣬бԱһô£ϲؿ
ѪԱͷʬ꿴ȷʵ̤ĸӵܡ
ҥһ
ȷ˸ûΣգżܹȥ
㡭ҥ϶£Ҫȥ鿴ƣȴһʱ֮䲻֪ôӺ֡
˶ʵ˿ģȰֹѪ
ллСӡۣɵҥ
ٶȺż˿ڻ᲻Ծʹ̵ġ˻˻ҥ󲻵жء
ֱûгֵĹߣɽȥ̫ˣҥһȦֱ׼·°˿ڡ
·ϼãһʱ֮䣬ҥҲû취Ū
꿴æµһͻȻӱһѳ
ҥסˡ
žУֻΪԷɽҰޣøص³
ʱɫȡǲҥͻȻԼеǰ򵥡
ǡҧ˵ģһ߽ӹۣһ̽ʵ
ǰһģЦš
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뵽ҥԼֱ׼뿪
Ҳ³˼С㣬㲻ܼȰ
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ⶼʱˣңұ͸ˣڴ˵㽻
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ĳҲ֪ܶµĵ˱ˣܻܲ߿Լ컯ˡ
ȥѾʮΡ
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ϾԼ꼶껹Сܱɽ
õȣ˼档
ףȳ֡ɴ۾ȴʮֺá
ҥһ߲šüһ䣺·
ʵڲ֪Щʲôôصˣƺһʴ˻Ҫá
Ӱ죬ҥܻһ·뿪
ȻĻתͷСడʶôãһδЦ
ҪЦһ¡
ҥ˸ۣûӦ
˾ҥ񵰵ĴǰͻȻֻСȸסȥ·
ǻɫСȸסǻҥͷԸȥ
ʣˣ
ҥ˻֣һ֮ǰ˼񵰡
ɴ۾㲻ᡭˣһûɡ
ҥšһ
ɲСɴͣ˽Ų
øߣ۾ּ⣬Ѱһ£ܿҥзö񵰡
ã˳Сȸλã񵰷˻ȥ
ŵЩ룬ϻˣҥҲ֪ôѶŻȥġ
ȻǳɹˣΪֻȸҥ鷳ʵˡ
ţŹֻصҥߡ
ˣδͨء
Աţҽо⡣

 16 

УǵЦߵϼ⻹ÿ
ҥŷ۵ĳ嶯ʣ𣿡
ĿƵֱѪϡ
Ұһ£֮ⷬ˿±ˡ
ϵĻάֲסˡ
üͷٶһţڳݲۣˡ
תʵ̫죬ҥҲ޷ֱǲϷǳĬ²ס׼ɽ
ֱۣŷӶϸϸ
áҥ̲סһ䡣
ȴֻǸǵģ
ˣ㻹ûʲôء
ҥ
ףʳȵҺöɫɲ͡
ҥҥ
ϲҸղųӡ
죬㣬·

˺һҥŰ˴˼ҡ
¾⣬оԼıȲһ廹ۡ
ƫƫһ֪֮ûУصб㽫ίĿ⻻̽Сѯʵÿ·ˣ˵𣿡
ҥкźˡ
ԭΪİ˶ηĿ⣬ԵԽ֡
֮ҥɴȥ׼ֻ´Сɵۡ
Ǳʲô˿ڣҿˣ㲻ú¡
ҡ㡭Ӧ
תתӣ㣿ҲǣôסĪ˷ӣ
ŵ˷ſڣҪҥߵĳͻȻ˷Ҳûס
仰һĬسĬһ뷢һɹʶЦ
УҥҲƲסһЦ
뿪˾⣬һʱ鿴Ǻɰ
ֻǺɰźü飬ִֹҲиʮ
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ŤŤʱеʳǡҲˡ
׵̵࣬Ŀඡɫȴʮֺг׶ľ۳һž̲סʼʿˮ
ҥ˵ͺΰͽȥõҨһζֻЩˮ̲ס촽
⺰һԷˡȡʢࡣ
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һֳȥˡ
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ĿⶼҪˣæֱͷ
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Աߵ쿴һۣҥ̬һֱԣһֱԣ
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͵ⶼƤˣԼҲҩµġգƺõò˾ߡ
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Ķҥ׷ʡ

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ʹԭϢŮӣҲĴڵģǵط಻˵Ϊˣʮֱ뺷
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Ÿ󣬰˵ӦòԸ⴩Щ
ںܶ෽ȴֵʮ⡣ⲻĴԣȷʵ˺Ļֹۡ
ҥϻԼҲִѾʮüˣ䰾˼ʮֻ꣬һžʮߵꡣ
վţĪغ
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ҵǣʱڣҥͬ޷ٽǡ
ּҴžȥһ˼ʹ⿿ҲֻҪһʱܱǳأʵ̫ңԶˡ
ܵǳȥҪôԼǿܻŻأ
ҥŲԼȥжڷҡҷ
̤ż֮ǰҥһ
ҹȫͳƬռ䡣                        
лҪ˵̡ͣ

 17 

峿ҥæµ
һҹᵽ˴еʯĥߣˮϸϸĥ
ĥɫ׽ʮϸ壬ҲֲڵĿҥҵͬʱҲ²ʱյĿƼˮƽͣ൱йŴʱڡ
ĥ׽ϴĥʱǡһǰʹʯĥ긾Ů
ҥΪкӡ
ҥЦЦпŵŵһߣæ
ҥһߵ׽һʵҥҥСðɣ
ҥͷţá
򵥵ػӦ䣬̸û뵽ȴͻȻ߿
ԼȥˣӣӸôŶ
˵һ䣬ȴЩɻ󣺡֮ǰ˵ҪеӴˡô
ҥЩᣬѾˣҺڴС
ǰĵص˵ͷ
ۼҥŪ˶׼Ҫˣ̲סֽסˣʵҥҥǣ֮ǰǽǮҲǴ㣬֮ǰ֪ѹһĶŲˣ
ûаѻ˵ȥҥȴе˼
ʱԭߵȥǮһ֮ǰѾڴǷǮּҴ󲿷Ҳʮƶûܽ١
ôҼʮһٵƴҲۻһʲСǷҥûҪǮ飬ʱ䣬ּҵ𽥺תǷծͲܺŪȥˡ
ʱôһ˵ҥЩж
ּҴеʵǳӣû֮ǰҥæӦǮʱӣѾһݶˡ
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ҥǮӲʵ
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ţԱкõĴж¹ը
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ˡ
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޿ɶһãְҵ滮ʲô
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˵꣬޿ɶʳʲôֵ⣬ҥϸϸΪ
ǰԼǵϰģȻִҵģʽŴͬЩ̵֮ͬ޿ɶҲ档
ڷ䣬ȥʱͼǽýζ
ڸʲôЩʵ
ִָ꣡
ǻЦҥùãͦİСµˣҲ㵽𣿡
Ļֱͷʰ;ߡ
лʣС׾̧̽ͷʣ㲻ҡ
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ԼŵùĹĵĶӣֱȻڳԣһ㡣
У⽫ŵ󣬡ءһڣֱӽһ׾С
߾׽߿ڳݲҥҵģˡ
죬ðһ䣺ġ

 18 

巻һ䣬ҹҥԭļ䣬ծ
죬˽峤һˡ
һΣծ񶼽壬׼סСԺ
سԷˣԼųʲȷԼʱ޷뿪ط֮ҥᶨȽľġ
峤Ҳͬһ㣬еʮֲ졣ѯЩǮƵԴҥͬýЩΪɣ˹ȥ
ܽŽɣ峤ǽ˳
ҥ֮ǰ峤ͻȻĳȰҥôطʲôأԺһֱķţǹֶסžˡǮβÿҸ˼ң
֪ǰûʲô⣬ҥЩǾЩ
ûбֳֻЦת֪ǴԺ䣬ܹҪǮ
峤ȴԸŪȥ
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Щ¶ˣмˣܳɾκԵ
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ҥһֱеĵĻӦԺӺ⡣
һСʲô⣿峤ɫԽѿͷ¶ģ𣿡
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ԺӲСֻķ̫ƾˣԭԤҲҡ
峤ƺɻ󣺡ļҵĵأǴԺ䣬һƬĿյأڡҪƬյأҸʱ䣬ϳйٸ²
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˶٣Ӧȥط
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ҥ򵥽͵ʲôΣյĵطҪȥһ˶ͷʵڲ֪ʲôѽҲи֮Ҳð
ͷ룬Ҳ֪ǵط
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ͷ۸ûֳʲô飬ˬظǮ
ҥƳϲڴ˴⣿ôҼͷƺûʲôˡ
ʱûй˿ͣͷҲеģҥòɣûʲô´ͷңҲҪˡ
Ҳײдĺӡҥ˼
ʲôӰͷ˻֡
Щ̴һ㲻ͣͣˡٺ٣չ˵Ҳǵ⡣
Ｘˣڱĵط첻ȥ֧̯Ӷա
˵ţͷͻȻ̾һȥȥ˺üˣЩ˷ָ׬ǮˣҲԼߵġ
ҥеһЩϢϲ˺ܾã
ͷٺ١Ц㵹۹⡣
ָԼ̯ӣǸ㣬ǲһ´֮Ըһ㣬ʹϳҲԴشϡҲ˵׬ǮɡҲͶ
ҥͷҪ˵ȴһŭȴϡ
ģʮڵسҥ֪֪̯Ĺأ

 19 

תۼ䣬˾ҥǰ
Ϊ׵Ҫڶ̯߰øǸ缸ϽʮĲˮǮ
쳤ǮǮ
ҥδӦԱߵϺǻһ䣺ܺӣǱ̫ˣ
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ó³ҥǲԸǮ˻УҥжЩ޷
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ôܺӲϢʱ䣬ʱűƽ
ҥеġľ
ԥǲֱӵνʱһĵŮ˹˴˼Ľ־档
Ӵҵ֪ⶫͷʱôЩ
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ŵø׳һ£Щŭļơ
ϲЩ󣬵·ʱһֱǺŮӵĲȴг
죬㣬ƴܺ˿ڿˮϹϾк
Ů洽һЦֵ۸ˣ
ܺһķҥǰţֻеèģе£ңǾתתתת
꣬һ֣˴Ǻһˡ
ʱ䣬Ϻҥܵ죬һƬǸǽӦƴġȣ͡ţڽ̴ġ
ҥȻصͷ
ܺӼ뿪ŽӦߵҥǰ
΢΢ӣĶ̧ͷԽӦǸأ
ȽӦش̧ͷһҥ
߬ǸʲôȻЦСô
ҥ˶񣬷ʣҪ٣
̧ۿӦ
ӦһɨŶ٣Ҫ˰ɡ
ҥʶŮⷬٶչԼ⡣
ţŽӦڸ̯һ⣬󲿷ֶ˸ɾ
׸ϺصԼ̯λһߴ׸һ͵Ѷʰãƴ˻ȻСǮնǽ찡Ϳֱӻؼඡ
ҥ˷ֻΡ
٣ܿˣתͷͷԱߣ׸⡣
ͷԭܾȴҥ죬ϵŵ᲻ʵŻĿ
һҥŪõ׸⣬ʵףôģ
ҥһ߷ʾһҲץʱ̽
Щ⣺žǸŮӣķǰ
찡ͷͷϺҲֱӵͷǰãȥȻ¿ˣȴûдֻԸͣ
Ѿϰˣεֱ֮˳ˮٺ죬ȥĹ㲺
ҥһ۽ߵ̴񡭡ȴѾ̴Ըڴ˵ؿˡ
ǰϺٺһЦ֪ΪʲôΪ찡
ԴսҥѹŸһЩŮӣ˺ôġ⡯˵Ҳǿһȡ
ⷬҥȻˡ
ֲ֮ǰ峤ͷĸ֣Ӧ֡
ԱߣϺѾת˻⡣
׬һʣʮãŲҲˡ
ҥۣȰСҪҰЩﲻһСңӪǧˣ
ҥЦЦϵļͭ塣
ֻǣͷҲ
ǰϺͷʲô취ǮҲչǲȥˣô죿
ҥһ̯ܵλֻǿɲһ⸽ֻжһͷҲ˶ٶǿ϶Ҫġ
ѯʵڴ˴̯֪ÿմм̴ͣÿˣ
ϺƲƲ죬ƺеЩͷ
ʱҲʵģ׸ˣҪȴȡɴԼСһϸϸҥ
һ󣬹ȻдǮ󽫽Ӧ֮ǰҪĶȡˡ
Ϻҥʵķ𼱻ˡҥԼտյڸֹһ
ռõϢѭʱ·׼Ȼؼȥ
Ÿ߳ͷԶ㱻ˡ
ܺӻеľһһ»Լġ
ҥǹһĨЦˡ

 20 

ۼһһƽҥѾ˵Աһӣ˫ץšľԼǰ
ʲôüʡ
ʲôǺǡܺЦ˵أ
ҥԸֱͻ֮ǰЩ⣬ˮǮδТλ
Ǯڲϣ
ٺ٣ˡܺ۾ǵ㶫ֵǮȫóҲҸСӿġ
򴽣ȰСã㲻밤ӣȰ㻹ʵЩԹ԰Ǹ缸źˡ
һ䣬ҲŷЦ
ҥַŵľ϶ˣץסڲµĽ
֪𣿡ʡ
ɫ-ѬĵĲܺӱôһʣЩͷԣǸ˵Ĺط
ҥᡰšһ
ǸطʲôܺЩͷ
ΪұǴǹطġױʣһһϢźĽбҥĻִܺӱǼ⡣
ܺƬ̵㶲ŷӦ漴Ų·غˣˤڵء
ҥƶϣֱӽĸ䡣
մӱлôϢˣĿ־廹ͣڹ
ܺѾɵˡ
ԸоԲʲôͨʹһСУҪп-c-x-Ŷ-ԼƤ⣬Ҳ˲Ϣ¡
£ȫûӪȴ뷨˺ü
ЩˣӲˣӲͷֻԼܵò졣
ҥ΢΢ɷ˵ɫεŮġ
ôҪҼź𣿡ʡ
ܺӵĿǽϣãúŮŮ
´ٽҿףұ㲻ˡҥ־
ǣףҲҡܺȲأǱؾɵˡ
ҥһֱ
ܿ죬ܺӽԼ˽֮£ű㷭վ𣬴Լ»Ų·ˡ
ߺҥԭվ˺һ
Ͽ뿪оһ㣬޷
˵£ĺ߳亹ʪϵγһƬ
һֱ亹΢紵ɣһ¶
ûһ㽫ʣҥߣ׼ȡ뿪
ûע£䲻һСʯӰһӣϥ˵ϡ
ûʹһ㣬ɫվ
İϵĳĽŲ𣬿Щζ
Ҫˡ

һߣܺһֱܻԼϤĴڣͣ½ŲҴϢ
һС㬵տߵˡ⣬СĽң
û˵𣿡һѣİ찡ʲôط˵֮ǰɽŮء
˶һۣµ˿ڿˮ
ܺͻȻת˾һһơ
ӾǴ⣬Żᱻһëûв
СȲܺӣԹԵйŭ
ܺӴһ΢ƽ
ߣȻȥ취ٻȥֻӡ
СܹصͷҪ뿪ȴû뵽һȵȡ
һ㶣תȥȴ˵һСꡣ
С˭Ҫܺͷϣʵ
ЦЦǻûȥ취ҾͲˣԡ
ܺӣº͵ɲΪҵľˣֻһ㹫
ܺӻûӦоԼһȭ
оԼĸƢμһš

ǰսš
׼ҥһۣ˺ˣôܳȥˣ
÷ȥתһȦЦ
ҥû˵ֱϵչһţǰصǼ˿ڡ
Ȼ֮ǰǴ˵λãЩѪɫ
ȥʲôˣ˿ѿˡüʮֲ
⳯գһۡ
һĶһԵЩŮһѵӣգ۵ĶǳפЦ⣬ҥ֮ɢЩ
㵣Ұʡ
ҥ˻漴쳶ϣ㣬뿪ʱ䲻ҪϵþЩ
ʣḶڵǮ𣿡
ʱͿ㣬ģôǶǮ°
ȻأҥչȻط극ٰ֮°һ¡
УԼֳչһ˹
ҥŶΣܿ
㵽ʲôͷŭȡ
֮ҥŷԼĺЩʹ
ڵҲסˣܵű͵ˡ
ҥԼҲӦˡ
˰֣ΪԼʧ̬ǸԲҡ
û£Ȱ˿ڡ
չݸŶӡ
ҥϥϣѾ̵Ѫ飬̧ͷʵ𣿡
⣬һˮ£ҽɺԵС漴ӿĤ
ҥƲס˸һ

 21 

죬ҥǱѵġ
һҹʱɫţϡЩ΢춯ԱƫͷԼ˯һǿյġ
ҥüģ
µʱõϥǴһϸ΢ʹ
ҩЧǳãҥܸо˿ڵϳ̶ȼ졣
˽Ųտһִ
ˮǲǷŶˣôһֱģǾɻ
šдŵίҿôŵİҪټӵ۰ɡ
ǶˡЩйáе˰
û£Գһ졣
˭Ҫһ죬ôѳԵ⿹顣
ҲЩҥ΢ѹЩô죿Ҫ
ҥվסˡ
ֱŲע⡣
̨һϾľһ֮תͷ
ѹֵĳĬССҥڣϾصȴ˽͡
ϵͷСһһԱߵľ⡣
ڰסˣк֣ҥôôˣ
ҥ߹ȥʲô
æǰסϥǲ𣿻ȥ˯һɣ
ϻմŲ͵һֱӱ¶ҥƤӵ¡
ҥüͷԽҲܿʶһ㣬ɿ콫˫ֲص
һſȵò˵Աߣڵֿסҥ-ǰԹ׵ң緹ġŪˡ
ŵ㡣ҥŭЦ
ھĿУƹǰѡȥ
Ϊܵõίȡ
ҥ鿴һ״СС̾һű㵽Աϴ֣ʼ
æµһ룬һߵ˰£ֱӽǸ˳ȥ
һ뿪ҥ߷Χָģ
һ˻ͷοôˣøһ
򴽣ˡ
֡תתӲĲӣóǿʶУҪ͵ˣˡ
Ļҥû壬ѾߵԶˡ
ߴҼصչҹеҷһͬѣɢߵ롣ҥͬÿһһ㣬пʼæµºʱָУһֵĺ
εҡҡͷȴһĨǳЦ⡣

һߣţϵı鶼Щࡣ
˾һѾ໥ýͶҪ׼
ҥ˽ʱ򣬿ǵģССһ
һͷˮ뿪ᰡԷʱһҪֵⶫܺóԵģ֪𣿡
һǵ˵ͷ
Щȷ𣿡
һ˵ģǵȻ̬ȶôϿˣšҾùһԭǵģ
Ŀ϶£ƺҲһġ
һǸɬĿڸУ򴽣ãңһᾡģǡ
ƫͷ⣺øŶ
İɣ⳯һգۣϡ
䣬ҥĽŲæһΣ
ҥһһӷŵԱߣкǣˡ
ĿʳתƺüΣʿˮ
ʲôʡ
ҥ黨
򵥽ͺӣʼò͡ͰͲסľҲ뽫黨
ը黨֥飬ֻܸܵһǳ
ڱ㲻һˡ
ִĿڸͺ֥㣬ķһ˲ڿըȵ˷Ӧ󣬲ŷֶѾ˶ӡ
Щį죬ⲻ˼ʵ⡭Ūģ
ҥ˵ͷ
ʱ˫۷Ź⡣
ϾȻ˵ʲôԶҳǵЦضزסҺ츳
ҥû̬Ͷط˸ۡ
ûоֵԻ·ֻʵʵǣԺԲҪͳ𣿡
Сҥص͡
𷽲Ϊը黨ĵͣЩʹ
Ҳ֪ԼǱʲôϣ֮Ӧʱ黨Ѿ˹ڶ
ҥֻܽ˹̵̫磬ȱ˯߶ľʧ
ôյּСԺǰδķʢ͡
ڵ£黨˵ףҲ˴롣ȡȥϴʱСӳϵ鲼·ĳһԲ״
ҥʰһ£㱳Ͽ׼š
ס㻹Ҫɽҹ꣬ɽ·²ߡ
ҥһۣΪ¹꣬ŸҪʱɽ
ɽԹķʢƽʱԷֵҰ˺ɽȻðͷ˲ߢ
⿴һԶʵɫȵȣҸһȥ
ҥܾһʱҲ벻ɡ
ɽֲģҪɽ辭ͬ⡣
ܿ죬ȡԼĳ²صҥߣ߰ɣ
˫ҹδ¶ִҪҥȥ˼ġ
ҥۣš

 22 

ʯ·⿾΢ɣɽ·ߡ
оԱߣҥѡ˴˲ȥķ򣬹Ȼÿ߼ܷʽɽ
һ·ͣͣϸţȷʳõĢժ
һǾģܿ챻ݴеĶ˸ûӰ
ҥɹһĢֱ˺Ŵɽء
ƣ⻳ż俪õģݸҥÿ𣿡
˵ţȡһ䣬Ҫ嵽ҥϡ
ҥ˼ڻϣͷһƫֱӶ㿪˾Ϯ֣ĿֱֻϹŵҰá
򴽣ҥʵҵЩ
˱졣
ѲܻӭĻ˻ӰҰҥϲ棬Ǳߴġ
ҥšһɽΣաûµĻȥǱߡ
ͷ
ʣɽ𣿡
ҥҪȥǱߣٿȻȥɡ
ݸ⣬͵Ǳ߿ܻˣ㲻ùȥ
Ӧá
ҥ룬䣬һһӦº󣬱Ŷֱ뿪ˡ
ȵҥصУ㷢ּкˮͰߣɱֻҰá
ĲϳĿжĿ㶼Ρ
ҥӣ־ѾԼķԸ׺Ļˡ
ʱʱˣɽæµ˴ҥоӶһš
һʣµһٶԸ˹ȥ
кŵ⣬ûжԴ˱ֳʲô
ȵʱǷҥһͲʱϵɻزסˡ
ĿⲻסķƲҥѾҪˣѯʵǽͳ𣿡
ҥȡһͲϵŵĲ⿪¶׷⡣
ѵһݸӲҪԡ
Ͳձ򿪵ʱסʱɢоͲľⶼ۾һ
ŵһ̾㣡
ţ編ƣԼһͲ
ͲУƳȳȵżƹ⡢ɫ߲˺ͺɫɽʪ͹⡣
ҥû̫ͣ͹ԴͲб⡣ͨⷹͬǣͲṩ˽Ϣڵļʳػһȴ˿Υ͡
ҨһͽУֻһ򣬾ͷ˿˿׷С
ҥ̫ˣ߳Ա߸̾лž׽죬ҥü
⡰ٺ١һЦʶز˵רĳ
գ˳˸ǱŵȴҪȥõ
ҥݺһ֡
ЩҪա
ίص˵ͷ
ȵҥҲ뵱޿ɶһʣҥãҪ𣿡
ԼĶӣʱһȥˡ
ҥڼŽͲе⻻ĳɱ䲻һʣʶصձῪš
һ㶡
漴¸߰ʵ׼ѵ꿪
ҥ·Ӧˡ
˶٣ʵͷ
ͷԭʵʳ̱ЩôҪǱȥ
ҥЩ֣ôΪʲôȥ
ǡͻȻӦ
βҥȥ飬ɲܱ¶
ֻ⳶˸ɣң˵㲻ȥ𣿡
ȥˣžһ̯ҥӦ
ϵ̴඼Ǵθԣݸܸߣȴڴϡ򵥽͵ֻҪ̴һǱԸ
Щȥһˣ׸ϲܱǱߴ̽ġ
˵ӡȫɣѵ
ҥüû˵ǰء
һס˲ܺ˺ҥȻԼҲЩʧ̬ȴҲ֪ЩСûʲôǡֻҪ֪ԼǣͿǮ߼ѹơ
ͷǱΨһ⣬Ը̴ͣࡣ
гǻתģͷŵƣܱ߲ҵܷչֻ
Ϊʲôȥʡ
ҥһۣҡҡͷû˵
ٴ̽ȴѾ΢ҥӣ֪ٶ˵
ҲʼԼĥ

죬ҥڸĴ䱼Ҫõ⣬һƳһ׼򵥵¯ߡ
Ȼ֮ǰ򷿺ͻծʮΪ˾õһıʣµǮ١
ڵ̯飬һʱ嶯
ŻھǵȥͶǾԲҽǵģּҴ·Ҳ߲ͨͷһĻᡣ
Լľ̾飬ҥãͷչȫȳǳز
û͵͵ˣֱųߵҥǰ档
ҥԼ󻹱һ𣬸ܲ׷һΣҲˡ
ƺˣʡ
⶯˶򣬸һǴյļˣšһЩ˰ɡ
ҥһۣƫͷˡҲ뿪ˡ
һ㶡
Щίءšһ
ʵϣ׼뿪ţǵ֪ҥҪͷ֮ǷĲ¡
ʵҲ̫ԸôȥǱһʱ䣬ȷԼ˲ܵʲôв˵
񿴵ҥЩģҲЩ
ʱõͲŵСϣԼԼлζƮɢ˳ŷǾԭҥЩĻ
һųһ˱𣬺ܿͷߡ
׸Ϻǵҥʱһ棬˼Ƴֿ˾һۣʵӴСС๫̯
Щ죬ҥɫҲ䡣
ǡҥǲǷޡ
ŶǡʲôϵϺѯʡ
ҥ˵ʲôӶϵæŻشԶıס
ϺȻص˵ͷ
ԹԵһ֮㲻ˣһΪҵȰҵطȥء
ҥûСһؼ׼һ£㶼ˡ
⣿Ϻ졣
ҥ˵ͷᡰšһ
Ѿʱפط׼Χ˴ùϵ
ǳžƳĵͷҥһͲϺǱߣͷ顣
ͷʵݣЦǺǽͲشҲûʲô仯ֻЩߵֻ̯һ
ҥΧһȦ
һʵΧ̯ĶһλˣȻԭЩ˲࣬ȡ֮Ǻüס
Ҳ֪áϺˣעһбǼңǰģϰһ۵ֵܣÿɸ߿׳
˵ѹˣ

 23 

˽һҥصԱߣһª̯֧
ͷϴʱûпˣԭȻ˴룬һ¯ŵͲСʵܳһ𣿡
ҥ룬ͳʮͭ⸽תһתɣʲôϲĳʳһЩ
۾һǮ˷ܵ뿪
һȺˣͷ淽Ϲ
ҥԶϺһ䣺٣Сˡ
ҥվ
ȷϵЩǴ𣿡
Ϻһ׸⣬һߵ԰ЩطһҹĴ·Щ֮ϴˡ
ҥͷ˾
¯һ𣬹ϵڵøЩƬУգۼ͵˰̯
һЩ˶̯ûʲôȤĿתؾֱ߿ʣµУ󲿷;ҪЩʲô
ϺΪ⸽פ׸ӣ̯ǰΧ£һĿˣһʱ֮䣬ĵҥޱ塣
ҥҲԤϣʼֲߣк
ԭ˾ͶһŮӸȤôһ˽ĿͶ˹
ܿ죬мΧ˹ϧǣǲؽ׵ġ
Сãǲǡٺ٣˵طһʮ꣬˵٩
ҥԶЩƵۡ
͹٣Ͳһ𣿡ƼóԹܱһֻǮ
˰֣ǶͲɲȤ
¶ǵشҥЦģôָ·ɣҪǵǱȥ϶ÿζֵȥչ⡣
⻰һΧĴ뱬һЦ
ҥüͷ
ݽãҲȺ˵İΧ£Եޱۡ
ĳʳջײôһ׮
ʱӿŲ׼ȥΪԼľ˳ͷտ̯ӣͼҥŲ˵һġ
ЦĴ˲侲Ĭ
磬ģ۶ҥĿǰѵһ̧ͬ𣬡ôˣΨһĳ·Ǳ͵׳Ⱥɱ
ûӦҥһЦøлһвġ
ȻЩ֣ʱͷϣ£ҥΧĸ׳ƺסˡԱߴ׸ϺͣеĻ㶵سҥ
ҥ˼СӣҶүү˵
ԭͳªŤøӿ̱־׼ץҥ
Ȼ޷óѣѾϹľֱץֱŤһȦ
ļͬ״ʱǰæƱһһ⣬Լ˺Щȭš
һ󽻷ھ°ȴٲ
ǹЦԴȷϵ𣿡
ҥвͬԣ
Ťͷҥô죿
ߡҥջ˼Ŀ⣬˰֣
⡰šһ㽫ǰݺһơ
㡭ǡһԼļһ߷źݻ֪˭ǾȻôӣ
⵲ҥǰҲ֪˭ҲûȤ֪
ɲҰĵط
ޣݺһڣƵطӣӻأ㣬ӵţ
֪ԼһҲ򲻹⣬ºݻǱشˡ
ʣµĿֵˣʱЩεվԭأ֪߻Ǹͣһ
ҥһ߽еͲ棬һ߳ûͲˣóԲ󣬿͹Щ𣿡
Ϊ׿һ֣ЩҲÿ뿪
ǺܿǰѯʣСӣⶫſ棬ҪǿͲ𣿡
ҥȡһͲƿӣ˿еݡ
õ׷ĭ㹽ˣûͲɢ˵
ԵͲķҥ͡
˾ܣΧʼʿˮ
ôʵ
Сģİģһ֣ҥʡ
ⶨʵЩƫˣҥ֪ЩصĴ˵ʲô⡣
Ȼܿͳͭ壺һСĳζ
˵һзˣ򵥶ˡ˿ʼ̯λǰӣԭۼϺǱ׼׸˶˹
ͲԷźܾðɣͻȻʵҿɲشϣҪԵʱһ󣿡
ҥѡʵΪ˷㿼ǵĴ㡣
Ҫ̫ãһ졣ҪԵʱԣʵڲҲȣֱӴʳþˡֻĻζܻһЩ
˵ͷǸҪСľС
Сֻʣˡҥ
ǱСģһģ
ҥѸٰͲϵһ𣬵ݸ
һᣬҥմĶȫˡ
ǵһ죬׼̫࣬û뵽ôû򵽵ĴЩھһֱԱ߻˺ڡ
ȵɢȥ˷ܵܵҥߣÿ찡ǲ׬ࣿ
ҥһרװǮϵԼ䣬ʱ΢һоͷĶ
ˡҥ鳩ػӦ
룬ʮöͭ壺ķݡ
һ㶣漴֣ЩİôҪǮ
֮ǰæְάӦõġҥʣ٣
ûУһЩǮ
ؽͭԼǰ桭֡һǵһԼ׬Ǯء
ҥһӺ¯ǿԻȥˡ
ԣѸٴԼ˼άѳ
صǸ̿¯·ҥʱͻȻĻӦܶܶ˰ɣ
ţڼ鶫ҥû壬ɻؿ
ûʲôЦЩɵҥ϶׬ööǮ
֮ǰչҲʱҥ̫顣
ʱ޵׬Ǯҥų⡣
Ҳһ㵭Ц⣬ᡰšһ
ʰҥȥϺ˳׸⡣
ϺԭЩƽ
ÿ춼ô˵ġͻȻڣˮѣļûдǾ͸û˻
ҥͷתкƳľؼҡ
·ϣٴȰ˼˵ûͷһնдֻҡӣһСŮҵģȥҲȫ
Ĳǡһط𣿡
ҥ˼ţЩȷʵǺܴ⡣
԰԰ۼȰʤǻطɣ룬Ҫûңһ˶Σհ
ٵȵȡҥ
ӣʲô
ȹʱ䣬ͷվȽŸˣ롭ҥԼĻôЩ
ⲻ֪뷨ȴʱû뿪Ĵ㡣
ҲȰ˵żðɡһˡ
ҥһۣܽǣ
òһֱҵʲô˵ӷһɣίصɻȥΪԼǹؾص𣡡
˵꣬ѹһ䣺ǡ
ҥ˵ҲЩ
ÿɷػһŶŲ

Զš
ʱ˽յĻƣ
壬ҵĶȺ𣿡ʵ
ˣ档¸ݹһķƵͲɶ
Цڶͷǵõĺö
øģµ٩
ĶܰҡͷѳˣÿζǶŶӻġ
ݰǸطĶãӦ͵ҲЩСᣬŻżȥһˡҪҿҪǸͷͣ·Ҳȥ
Ҳô˵ٺЦ
Ͳչʾһ£ƣͲͦõ𣿶Ҳûˡ
˵ӴҨһ飬׽óԣ
˵ģ˶￴
ҵװȥԣǶ졣˵ߡ
ֱӾסڣȵȡ
쳤˲ӣʲôô㣿
ѣѶ˹ȥͨⷹ
٣ǰҲ͵ףûôġڷ淭һ£ҲЩĢ⡣˵ˡŶͲôôࣿ
Ц٣˼ҳģ϶е˵ա
СӣҲŷءŭţһͷ
룬ɴཫͲ߰ɣⶫҿˡ
壬ɱ𲻽۾Բˡ
壬㶫ôˣ°Ƴţȥȥȥϲֵ𣿿߿ߡ
棬һأĵƷͲ
ӦʱԭŵͲѾɾһ׶ʣƵĴУңԶɽֵζѹһк
ϣǺóԣ̧ͷͻȻʵʲôʱپǸͷ
У룬ص¡̺Ƕͣˡ
զͣأվšУҸƴȥ                        
лҪ˵Ϣһ죬V
״̬̫ãллҵĹV~

 24 

صѾʱĩ, ҥ׼õķʳȣְѴ׸һ֣˵˵ӡ
, æͲ, ֻһˡ
ʱ, кѾ磬Ҫǵ, رʾҪһȥ
޿޲ɣҪӦ, ȴ⵽ҥķԡ
Ұæ
кû˸ҷķԸ, ɵͷſڷֱ
ɽ˳ǣһ鷻˱īдһ顣, װŷ, ڳбʱңѰһҽС̩Ȼ, żͶ˳ȥ
֮Ҳ, ſڵһ
Ȼ, ܿһʮµ˳
, ʮ־ȣСˡô⣿
ⲻڿôˣ
Ҳ˼ƽͺãҡͷ
лŸղžŷ⣬ͻȻӦǡүʱһֱأ
е£ʱȲȥ, Ҷ˵ˣ͹ȥС
ĩˣѹţɱҵٱ¶ȥ
ûоãͷİɡֽţ֪ܲŷǴĶĹȥġ
⿪ĵļ򣺡þţʡĶˡ
Щ󣬵ȷϵסУʲô㣿
˰֣Щ¶Ҫ֮Щ̿ѾסҲȫˣǲõġ
ŵ˵ͷ
ҪЩʲô䲻һȺ˴Աߵ˳
ǰͷûܼʱɲסֱֱײվǽߵľ⡣
һת˿ȥ˱ݺݿĵǽϡ
Ŷͷϵľʹѣεĸоֻϡ½Ǳ㿪ʼƿڴӴүүˣ
ʱϴŵǴҥҳ·ȷʵݡ
ȴҲƾװײǽԼСģôͷˣ
Ҷ죡ŻûүүڳеţҪ㣡
ǸʲôţüײǽҲײãĪǸˣģ
Ż⼸̼ŭɶֱƿ£ݺ˹ȥ
ȫܿƺһŻٴˤ˸ࡣ
ӣŻ²ˣ׷׿ʼɧ
ʱ򣬷뾣꿴ȥˣǸʲôҪڡ̩ȻǰȻ𣿡
Żʱѹﻹվһˡ
һ漴ǿŭţţƹ񡣡
񡣡ܵһ֡
Żԣȷ˵үûʲô£ǸϿ뿪ɣ̩ȻСҪӰ⡣
ŻĿھɨü飬ڻѹŭ𣬴뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬾ѯʣţʲôˣ
򵥽͵ǳһǮеүʵϡǸЩ˷ӡ
˷ӣüͷ
ǵԼƺڱʲôطʣһʱ벻
ǡͷȷϡ
ѵЩ˼ǳúܣǣҪСЩ
һЩආоЩЦ
ٶԣ𣺡ˣһҪأˡ
Űͻؼȥ˽ˣҾԼȥ
˵ͷ׵ǡ
˵¡ʲôĽڣ뿪кǰӻ̺ҩ̵ȼطϸϸҥĶˡ
ҥԼܽǣҪЩ鷳˴֪Ҫæ
ԭ;ͷ󣬵˼ط룬Ѿҵˡ
ϦлصּҴ壬һűѶж£űߴϢ
ҥЩؿ˵Ķȵ㶼ˣ
ⲻ𣿡ֱ
ҥѾڹˣ˵ô࣬ԼҲûȫ뵽Ȼˡ
˵ţοضžһЦͷˡЩǮʣ¶٣㵱ɡ
˵ţŶ뿪ˡ
⿴ʣµͭ壬̾˿
ⲢǴһ׬Ǯʵϣԭҥ֧Ķʮģһˣδã״ʮǮȥ
չѯк𣿡
һ۾Ǯ׬
ԣԾѺõļ

ӣҥ;ͷͲ
Ϻ˵ͷܲȶÿ괬ֻͣʱҥͲһգûдֻۣǮ޷ˡ
ϧǣȫûа취Ԥϵģҥֻÿ춼׼öǰͷ
һա
Ѿûдֻͷˡ
ҥ;ЩտԼƽ̯λãͼϺڳܡ
ϺʹˣҲִйɺݾ۰ҲԸá
ϺִҥҲİ֮ǰϺѹҪעģһֵܡ
ֵ־ͽбλð̯Щĺеĺ档Ϊζ÷㣬дʱҲ൱
ҥһۣӿŲǴȥ
ߵÿ죬ƳԱһ飬ǰѯʵôˣ
ǲȰܲУҥ̯λͽϺ׸̯ӣ˴ʱǰ̯ĵط
ͷΪϲ𣬻͵˶ʣͲð鶼ͱ
ϺҲʾǵӾͰ˭֪ҵģûҪôˣ
ǣҶ̯üˣļôµĵӣЦ˼á
ͨĶţҥܿŪǷʲô¡
վھ۲һȴֵкøС
˲磬Ͼһ⣬ǽеóԷ֣żʱϱ໥--ͷĽ顣
ҥע⵽;⵽ֵܱ֮ƿλã˳ǵİ̯Χ֮ڣ·ǡ
۸ǹϵȽϺõϺƺǼȱˣԽţ޲ΰռԭء
Ҫ֪ҥװͲƳһֱһߣδܰÿء
һߣͷ۵شϺĽƱ硣
ϺȰʱ֪˭ҵģʧˣ㻹Ǿˣʲôóģ
ǣ͵ͷ̵úݣһֱڽƱ磬ǲϻ
ϺȻûаԼ˵ʮ𾪡
ſڣƺЩȣλǲϷһ䣺㣬ô֤ǵӾǵģ
ǵӲֵǮˣ̯λӶԼģվ鷳ͷߣⶫҲ벻˵ۡ
ؿһϺҪҪȥҼԱȿ
ӣϺٵˡ
ľСӽ˳ȥ뿪ʱȴ޵صҥ;һۡ
Щͷԡ
Ű̯ʱѯҥôϺǺأ
ҥ⣬ֻᡰšһ
û£һСĦҹձܽ
⿴ҥĿתΪ壺а취
ҥһۣתĬĬʰ
һգûдֻ
Щʱոºõĺ棬͸ˡ
ղŻҪллЦ
ҥҲûʲôԸƾ䣬ֻˬһ֣˵ôʲôǳԾˣ
ҥҲƾˣתȡͲΪ
ûоܾ¡
µ뾣ģĵһʵкˣãˣһֱûѰᡣ
СӦȥλкŶԡ
ӦȻʮϵЦҲǡôҥ۲һĿˡ
ʱѵЩ٣ȭŹסСֵܿҲϹսˣ
һ˵ͷ
֣²Ǹʰʡ
ҡҡͷЦŽͣСչ˲Żھеûʲôְλλ硭
һֿ˿̯λûй󣺡ǻᱻû˲ţҲж˼أ
̸ˡҡҡͷ
Ҹһٷ򳤵λãǵһسսУˣ·㡣ҲһֱҸӻۺұҲŻˡ
ԭļ򣬡Ȼ˾ӣֵ֣ܻԽԽõġ
ϲ⻰ʱüЦҲġ
Ҳ̯ùϵЩȥȥģոսܱ㲻ˡ
ﳣפҲңǴ棬ź໥֧֡
ⲻסصͷˣ
һᣬδͲ뿪ˡ
ȥ֮󣬺͸һһʳζ۾һңңǱĴָ
⿪ĵسҥ˶ϲǵͲ
ҥҲ֪ڿЩʲôֻ˵ͷšһ
磬ûʲôҥ˻ؼҵ˼
ǵ̯λûʰãͼͷķһȺŮӡ
ͷǸҥϺģͷͷӡ졣
ʱ䣬ҥҲˣͷһԷγɵġ-ͺñһƬ𱣬ﶼı
Ϊ˱ȽɣδʲôΪ潵飬ҲԸӡ
ö֮ұĬһƬĵ̡
ڴ֮ǰҥҲһ棬ʱҲûʲô
ҲûҪΪ˵˼ƺǵģҥͲ֮󣬻һ߰˸
ⶫ棬ô뵽ͲװģҥĹʵ
ҥһ㶣漴кɽֳƬдβ뵽ˣԣҲû뵽Ч
֪ҥա
ЩҥǫҲȷҥһͲǲֻΪ飬ֻںһ䣺ö飬ʲôóԡ
ҥ͵͵һۡ
ֻ֪ⷬΪ˿
ĿζȽѾЩͲˣ޵Ҫ˵ˡ
յҥľ棬ȴΪ⣬Ĵؼᶯ¯
ЦſˣȷʵԶŪЩϵĴӱȽݸԣĵطѰĶЩۡ
⸽ҲֻͲͶĺ滹Щ
ҥ룬ʵ㡭ֻ֪ʲôʱ𣿡
⼸ȷʵˡ洽ЦЦֵ赣ģٵһգźտʼബֻҲǰջЩ
ҥͰ̽Եؼ׷ʣֻͣÿ¹̶𣿡
Һټ˼ݵŮˡ쿴ҡҡͷֻͣûй̶ʱ䣬Ҫһ˵ʱ㡭ÿҴȥĵطһʱ䳤ҲͬҪ˵ʮָӡ
ҥ˵ͷ
̾㶼סˣ˼֮ˡ
ҲѾϰˡ
ҥҪʣȴȡ˶˺׵ĹҲ׵⣬òҪ˶нӴ
˵꣬ת̤뿪
ȵҥعͼıӰѾߵԶˡ
ʮָм췽͸¶ЩϢҲЩûڸղһʱûֱӱԼ̬ȡ
üͷĵôˣ
ҥҡҡͷ
˵ֻҪձˡ
ţ⻶صͷϢһˡ
ҥ¯Ϩ𣬲ʹջбҪæ
һ壺ˣ
ȥ·ϣҥûаһ㣬ֱӻؼҡ
һ·ƳϵͲͳȥ١
ЩͲǰõģΪûȥڼĵģʣࡣ
û䶳ĹŴЩʳֵܱڻѾǼޡ
ԣ´οҪȵ죬ҥ㲻ٰѶˡѡȫϵõ˼ң˺ЩͲȥ
ʹصʱҲʣʮͲ
ʱɫδҥڼЪ˵ˮ֪ʤĶ𣿡
û뵽ҥҪʵľȻһʱûӦ
عͷ֪ġ
ҥǱƫƧϣȥҰй
룺ƫƧģǼ棬ȥ
תҪߣȴ£գһš
оҥҲ㲻ˣһ߼ǹҪʣһ߽æµ
һҥ׷ֵ
һͼԺţЦʤ׷ͷһ߳ŭģ
ʣôˣ
òֹסЦ⣬һ˫۾ЩСؤ̫öˡ
ҥЩΡ
㶼ˡѾϽţûЩһڡ
ЩҲǺأ
ԭͦţصʮ㣬طҥŵؿλãȻּһ֮Сꡣ
ʱҥֱ֣ǺӡľʱˣһͷԹԽȥˡ
һߡ
ʤ˹֮󣬱קѯҥȣҹʲô𣿡
ҥ˵ͷҿǺæģһпհԺӰ¿˵
û𣿡ҥȷʵ⼸չҸһЩ
šҲǲʤ͵͵ƳһֵۣǣǲҪЩҩˮˡ
ҥͷ
ָָµһӣЩǱ꣬ߣÿˣæˡ
ʤ۾һ˹ȥ
ȿеĶЩͷԣɶͲҪʲô
Ͳҥǰ
ѶҰǼһ¡
ܿ죬ˮһɻζýʤ˻궼ˡ
ҥһͲŵʤǰѯʵô𣿡
ʤҪͷȥһ㣺ԿԣҴӦ㣡ҴӦ㣡
ҥѶ̳һ𽻸ߡ

ڶգʤȻԼּҸɻ
ϴź⣬ҲҪࡣ
ҥǷһЩʡĻƣӱһ𣬴ˮϴѾиõͲ
ʤСһ̲³Ͳζԭϣޱ顣
һˢͲһп㲻֪ҰѶȥһ򿪣ʣǶˣͲʲôУ׷Ģ⣡
򴽣ڻͲζѯǲÿ춼Щ
ҡҡͷ
ҲֻͲȥʱǲŻͲʳһҲǿԼҳԲֿ꣬컵ˣҥŰͲ˳ȥ
ʱּҵĲȷʵʢ࣬˵ٶٶܳ⣬ÿܼȡ
Ĳκ֮󣬾ʱĵѾֻһѹͷģϸ۵Ƥ⡣
ǣҲԸġʤͷشͲ
ִһ͵ľԱ߿һۣ૵ϧ㻹̫Сˡ
ʤ̧ͷʲô̫СˣҶʮһˣ
ʮһĥ֣ðһ䣬ôʱɽʮĴ˶򲻹ҡ
кӵжĳݣ⻰һС볯ȥ
Сؤ̾
ʤȴüͷһš
ƭˣ죬ʮһʱŶߣôܴùЩˣ
٣ΪҸһ˵䣬žһӲͲǿ¶ϳһСء
ʤ̲ס۲ԼմˮͲÿһ涼ǳ⻬
źϺϣһ䣺ôģ
֪⳯գһ۾磬ҽ㰡
ʤر죺ңԼǴ磬ϱˡ
㻹ͦ־⽫˹ȥǾǹҼңʲôã𣿶ˣ
ʤҪҥһˮ˳
硱ͼСආ˲ͷһһ۸ɵ棬δɹ
ҥһ㶣漴ʵҪȵˮϢһ𣿡
Ӧãһ㶼ۣ
ЩڸɵĽʤһ䣬Ťظ͵ҡҲá
ҥšһˮ£ֻ췿ȥŻȥˡ
뿪Ժ˷
˽ʤЩСæҥһٶͲڶʱƳŲ£ҥֻñ𣬰ѶĶ˽ȥ
콭ʤѾ֪Ҫʲôˣҥ齻ŽʤǼ׼ϣ;š
յͷȷʵһ
û̯λãҥ㿴ͣһҾ޴̴
̴Ÿ߸ߵķ緫ĶҪ޴
ЦûôĴֻɣ
ҥһۣ
ǰϹִ֣Ҵһƶһ㡣
ֹŴľʹٳٸߣҲȲִƼĳ
̴ǾЩȡ
˵ɹģ̴ʱļӦ󲻵ȥŶԡֵǣƽУһжǳǿҵķ
ݲ̫࣬Ѿ˵ط̯ˡ
ֵͲܿסĴע⣬ģԸϼ䡣
ʶͲζ֮󣬺ܶ˶Ǯһݳʡ
һϣҥæϵĺͭ嶣ȴһֱá
̯֮ǰ;ҵЪϢĿյȴһԳƵһ󵥡
ٸͲҥϲ֮࣬ٴȷһ顣
ƵͷԣվҪСӿ
ҥӦֻѵҵһ䣬Ͳܴ̫ʱ䣬ϴҲֻܰ졭ȷôʱڿ𣿡
ֺǺǵСӵǸʵˣҲˡ
ͲҲԼԵģҾСζܺã׼ŴͷǱȥ
ҥͷ
ͷںδ
ЦЦԶһ֧ϣݵĵؽ磬ﵽȥֻҪһʱ䡣
ָͷȶСȴֶˡЩ̴һ˳Զһ·ֻЩСŻǱߡ
ҥˡ
ͷӦû⣬ճʱｻ׿𣿡
СƾܾʱҵĴҪ뿪ˣڳʱ֮ǰѶ͵ȥʱһɴ㽻ӡ
ҥͷˣǮĶ𡣡
̲סۡ
ҪۼǸСҿ϶ΪǸ̳֡ͷӻͳȻ׼õǮֳݸҥ
ҥ󷽽ӹҲûֱӷŽĺɰС
һ⣬ûֱ뿪һͲ̯λϳ
ҥֵлӴĴңǸһˮġ
Ǳߣʲôزҥʡ
ƻشغˮḻϺסɶǳ⣬ݻƽ顣
ƽҲ룬Ϻ׺ȴ𡣡ҥʣΪټ̴ڶͣأ
ԴЦ
С⻰ʵȤԼ⸽⣿һˮͣģҪôǳģҪôڽƯˣҪЪЪš
ҥɴʵֻǾãƺܶ˶ԽƫԸͣڴ˴
ǵȻƵ
ҥüͷţ
֪ܲɡƸɴ͵˵¾ݶ³ǽݰݿһոݸ֮ǰݱؼҿƣ볯͢ãݣ˵ǡ֮ݡ
ҰôһݸѾƽͨ˺üֻ꣬нݿأҪݸ֧Ԯ
ֵطôأ
ҥ˼ش
ԹԼԽĴֻʣݸȽҪࣿ
ǡƿ϶Ĳ²⣬پ󲿷ֵطǵġ
ˣҲѶˡ
վ׼һ·ʳ߻شȥ
ǰҥСĪͲĽסⰡҿⶫͷҲûֲˣ׬ǮҪôȥЩǳأҪôɴ뿪ݰɡ
ҥվ˼뿪
һֱߵ̯λǰͷҥͣס˽Ų
ƵıӰƴܱߵľƿδԤȴףҪװ״ʧһĻᡣ
ԭ߬ȭüͷ˹                        
лҪ˵лӪҺСʹ 50ƿ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 25 

ƻص, ͸Ϸˡ
ưڰ֣壬ҪˣͷǱ߳Թˡ
ʲôóԵģûз, Ȱ, ʵĻ, 㳢һڣ
ˡߵߡ
Щ˼һ֮ѯ͵, ǵáȥҵǸ𣿡
ͱͻĻŪһ㶣漴ͷ, ȻǵáϷ˵Ǹء
šʣʱô˵ţ
ʵϡǵǵ˵Ļ, ʱѯʣҪȷһ¡
˵ײһˣץס˱ܴ󸻴󣬴ˡҲ̫ʧͻһ, 
, һȭ
Щ֣ƴ⡭ʲô𣿡
, Ҳû
ͷһ൱ȤС˵, ȴδھĽɽɽ
ƴл, βô˻Ȼ, ռݵˮ⡣ҥ֮ǰ˵Ļ¸һ顣
ѾϦµʱһƬѤõϼ⡣
;ʰ̯ӣʱһǰһڻּҴİ䡣
ųʵȥȰ𣿡
ҥεЦЦ
̯̯֣Ҳ֪ЩƴԼ⾭, ᱻ˵
˿ɽˮĵطǲǲ㲻ˡ
Ҳǡͬصͷɲʲôˣ۹ġ
ҥ΢㶡
תͷȥؿž⣺㡭˵Ļ
һȻı飬֣ص˵ͷǵȻ
ҥú֡
㻹СЩҲδݡʣѵҾں
ᡣƳܿ·һʯͷҾ˵÷ǳеЩƴԼ塣
ⷬЩƴڻʵûлشҥı⣬ҥЩرͷȥٿڡ
æʾãô˵𣿡
ҥǡֻǾ˵ȥҲֻǴꤣɴ಻˵ˡ
˵Ҳĵ̧ͷߵϼǺʱңյǲرÿ
ҥȤȱȱͷŽµ·ÿҲܵԣʲôأ
ЦʣǲǾãûõʵʺôĶֵû
Ȼأҥǰ̾һѾˡ
һգӶ߻ǰľæµһֱ̫ɽܹңһδСȷʵһָ
һΪԶءͻȻ
ҥЦ⣬תƿǰʱһֱΪʢݸ֮һʳС֮֡Ƶݣҿḻ˽ܵ飬ڸ涼ʮֳɫ
֪طѾʼעˣ·ͨѻָ롣֮ˮ·ó׻δΪ֮ǰؼҷڶͷ
˶ȽĵطͷҪôʧѾֻͣҪô⵷٣дҲҲڡ
˵Ĳݿ϶ܹ·չġ
ҥЩȡ
Ѿ֮ǰִԺ󣺡Ȼ֪ô࡭
𣿰ҵǿҼˡĵ˵ȫ֪ݵĹȥȴҲжϳݵǱŸѵðɡ
ҥȴҡҡͷʵǹƾ²⡣ԼҲȷǻ٣
ЦЦܰѴֻƹڽݣǣܹġ
üչ̽ʵˣһش⣬Ҳһ𿴿ϼ˰ɣ
ҴӦ𣿡ҥü
ǰ⾶ֱˣ㿴ǶƲʣڵüͷ켷ɽˡ
ҥϵᣬӿŲѾ˦
һ׷ȥһ߳Ųۡ

˻صʱʤСûߡ
սӵٸͲĵӣҥ밾ҹƳɴཫʤ˶˼򵥳Թźͣ㿪ʼæµ
ҹʤ˳ϴһ£Ȼ󵽾ⷿжԸһҹ
ǽݵʱ򣬾ϣŴԲºŲɵӡ
ʤԱ£˸ĹǷ
ǷʵͲ
ʤԹƳһۣһûһɹôĻء
ŶûӦһԼϲùøǶʮͭ壬٣׬Ǯˣ
˿£ʤƺҲʹɫˣƫͷ;һ㶵档
ĵġúøɣ˵ġ
ʤ˵ͷ
ͻȻͷѯʾ⣺֮ǰ˵Ļܴʲô
٣ʱûӦǰɣͻȻЦõ⣬ҹĻûڵסǡ
ʤװءҡһ˭ϡ
ŵҿԽһЩȭŹ򡣡
ȭŹ򣿡ʤ۾һ
ЩСؤСԼ򣬺Ҫԡ
𣿡ȷϵܽǴܣҾͿԴȥȡĵˣ
ȭŹɲȥܶݵġĿӴ˻
ʤЩͷˣܡѧʲô

ʤͿˣ˭
Щͷ˵ԸԸɡȵˣȻ֪ˡ
ʤæ̬ԸԸ⣡ҵȻԸ
͵͵˾һֵۣǣҵȴһСֵ㹻ĳʳܸɱŶ
ʱ㻹Ҫһ
룬Ǿ˵ˣˣ˯컹Ҫء
˵꣬۾ͽѾ˷Ľʤ˴ҹۡ

ڶ죬ҥñո磬϶㱼ͷ
գֻ˵˽Ӧǣҥ˵ʱȴԼ˵Ǳߡ
Ҳ飬̵ĿǮβ⽻׾ˡ
̴ϾҪǼŰѶϼװ壬ƴ˵һߡ
ҹ˵ĻҲǲΪ̹ԵպҴٻһﵽݣ·
ҥеǱ̨ʡ
룬ʵܴ٣
һ϶࣬ˮдֲ̣ϣʵΣ֪ʲô·
Ƕ࣬ҵ˳ƴҥ뵽ȫ
ȫԭıֶξڴոũƷȻȥ
ǺȻĶ̫ˣҥνһ㾺ûС
õͲһˡǱߵزڽݼʹͷһݣҲʮֺġٽϾǵҪѶȥѡ
ŶƲؿҥһۡ
һ˲䣬˺ܶ࣬Ǳźҥõ뷨ͷӦУ֮󣬻ߣȰѶǿ
ҥмͷлƴ
ư˰֣ûж٣Լһ̤˼װ塣
ҥ;վڽߣĿǵĴֻ뿪зӭ洵Žˮ䷳ĴذҲҥޱߵķ˿
ҥ³һԾ߰ɣȥ̯ˡ
ͷƳ档
˵Ͳóȥ𣿡ҥʡ
ǵȻ⻹һֹۣôóԵĶ϶Ҫ
ҥȴäĿҴǱߵ˸ϲģ´ٺкҵõһζ
Ҳ죬ʲôζС
ҥعͷƳһۣţллôúŪ
ȫеĳŪЦŴӦõġ
ҥεҡͷȴƲסæתͷЦס
һգµĴֻͷ
ڰѴͷƣҥǼʮͲĴܿˡû򵽵Ĺ˿ԼգǱ̯ˡ
صּҴҥþȻؼңԼȫңҪ峿ʱ顣
ȫûнǣšҥ˵꣬춼ϲ£
û̻Ӧ´ҥȫϲ˻ǲ֮ǰǸΨΨŵŵҪȫʩܻŮ
ҥҲ˵Լȥ롣
ȫĬһϸڷ⣬¶˾ġ
£ȻҪһġֻϵǮ࣬û취ôණ⼸죬ȥҼѣһѶ
˵ѯҥΣ
ȻǺõġҥ϶
˵ʵȫܹôͬʵЩȡ
ȫй˼ɣ⼸ѡһ⡭嶼Щȿȡ
Ƴһҥ˵˶мɻ䣬᲻ð
Ѳк󸣡ȫĿУһֱи֮ˣ̸ʲôðҥƴǸˣȫ岻õ
ȫ˿ˣպȥ㣬һͷ
ҥͷӦ£˵һȫ˱𣬻صС
Ժ⣬һӴŽʤȫСӣ۰Ͱ
ҥһ㶣ʲô
ˡֱ׳
ҥ㱻ЦƹǱݿʼס
Ͳ⼸ãǲܸĵġҥЩ׷룬ִԱߵչͳһֻ±㣬Ƭ⡣
±⼸һֱڰƵģ֮ǰʱϣڱҩʹõĳƤ˽һࡣ
ʱҥǳ𾪵ǣھĶз˼Щǳ󣬾۸ֵ˽ǣ޼ɵʹãҥֻðϸİˣһԺ¡
˼죬±Ҳˣҥһ⣬׵ŴĸζЩǷȱڸѾʮֽӽִԹ¡š
ؽƬװ̣ź˿
кʱθںܴ󣬵ÿ˶зִ磬ԷٳԲˣӶ˸ԲߣЩ̱ù£ϴʱʲô
⼸գ˽ʤ˵İæͲĲһһߡ
ڽͷ϶࣬Ͳʵ̫ЯЩӦҥȫҪΪա
ѾִٵѾʼץͷˡ
ǱߵŴ׷һûϺõģû˲úˮŴһƼ½һͲŵĹٺòģһ㣿
ۺӣͲʲô⣬û˵
Ƴȴ٣ǰҲûżȻڽݶͷǱߡ
ݣüͷֵطܳʲôöڲҡ
ҡͷôܣ
ȡһͲϧѾһͲʹˣҲûа˵ĵط
һ㶣ȵȣȥŪһ֪ˡ
ˡ٣ҵء
εЦЦ
˸Ҳ磬ԸֱӾܾɣǮһһ߰ɡ
ʱ˾񣺡ʮһŵʮĶû⡣ⶫҲ࣬ٸ
ӴǣҪôࡣΪѵؿһۣɣʮ߰ɡ
˵꣬˸ڣҴˡ
뿪ϵЦٹҲס̾˿
ƴ⻹ʣһٶôźãи𿴹ܻĴǰѯʡ
ƵĴ󣬵Ϊˮ·˲࣬Ĵ󲿷ƷѾȫȥˡ
ʣͲһҲǣ̧شϷùҲǡ
룬ɡҪȥ̸⣬ܻ⼸ǼڴϵͷҸط֧̯ӣܲܰЩ
ܲȥһ֮ǰѶҪҿ
һЦõƴġȥǼÿԼҲ٣ʵڲұˡ
šƵӦһֱ뿪ˡ
־ɥһֱһ죬һֱڷ˼Լǲˡ
һλͻҥĶʵΪκһƷûܹ롣Ϊ˲˷ѴϵĿռ䣬ŲȰһЩϡ
۹ⲻ󲿷¶ԸߣʣЩͲΪ˿̫ʽ
ĻԼڽͣľһʱЩȻζ
ٵⶼоѭģûʲôɾһεĽҲ˳
պ󣬵˻صͷڴϵĴҴѰ
ôˣ˵Щ⣬ƹ񣿾ǰ˶ʮͲǸ𣿡
͵ͷ
ôˣ˻ǳԻˣҲЩϻˣʡ
Ƕǡ֣ƹҹüΣ˵һͲҲżء
ˡ
˴е˼ɻҪǺ𣿴ϲǻʣ𣿸Ǵ߰
һ̯аƴûˣ
ûˣüͷߵʱʣӣأ
ˣˡ˵ţͳһ˱һǮ棬ȷһ£ˡ
ˣһ
ѸٲһȷϴûںŪԼ
Уʵô£
ԭ֮󣬴ķԸͷ֧˼򵥵̯ӡ
һʼûǣҲûѹֻģɵȵʱͲ׼ʱͲͺͶصζȴˡ
һٰʮͲٵ˵࣬ܿ챻Ϸ˸ɾڸ˵ʵʵ˸ա
ƹ˵ˣǺöˣ´ʲôʱٸٸ
ǣٸɹǺⱧԹһ䡣
ǰٻͻȻЩĶꡣפƬֽ̧̣кѶϴһߡ
һˣȥ͸ҽṤǮ
ˮȺбһ󻶺

 26 

β, ûʱһһȣÿɽ, һĺ
ҥƷʽûо, ƵĴֻһص˶ꡣ
, ˸磬ҥȫһ, ˽ͷ
ϴҥڼװϿ˴δĻ
俴, ĶȴʮЩʱϺ׺͸⿴ҥ˫۷⡣
ȫǰ, ýʣһɣز鿴
ƻм-ΪƴԽԭؾվһȵȫƽ, Źǫһ䣺Σ˸λ۰ɣ
Կ, ǺöȫͷӦ
̸һ, ȫ߼˴˶ʮӣ¡ҥ۲Щ, һ, ֪ȥԼ, ֹ
ҥ;е˼װһߣ³Ϻ׺͸ɱ⣬ЦŽ͵ּСҪĶɲ֡칳⸽õĸϺҲҵϵĻ, Ұصԭ۸ʮ
ҥ԰˰ֵ֣ܾҲƾ׵ﻹһ׮Ҫ̸Щɡ
ҥʣƴҪͲ
ЦŻһƣϣܳͲϹأҪٸϰΣ
ҥҡͷ̫ˣ٣ٶҲˡ
Ȼص˵ͷУαҪٰɣԺҪԤкǡ
˶٣պãͲɲóĳˣҸ㡣
Ȼҥͷ
뿪⼸ҥ϶Ҳٵ⡣ĵһˣҲԸӡ
̳ķأҥԼĴ㡣
˵ҲһҪ°æ
ţƳ
ҥǣ÷ΧЩġͷߵ̴ʱʱޣûдֻʱֻܺ硣
ƴڽϴһϲͬУлᣬ붫꣬ǰҵæˡ
⵹ѡףǣҲ֪¿ɲ˵˵Чġ
ҥز˲޽ǵ鷢֪ģʤޣͼһοƴֻûãҶм㡣
˵ˣûоܾɣһӦ¡
һƺõĶҥ˱˴
ԭȰ̯ĵطȫҲߣһҪһͲչҥ⡣
ȫ߳Ŷﻹסпţڴ˴֧̯ٺòˣǹֶӲԽԽãܰзϣ壬ְ̫ˣ
ȫ⼸ѶǴսģ϶ٶеë
֪󣬶ƴʶҥΪм
ϾûҥЩ̴ѶݣҲҲͷϡ
ȫ˵ĻҥˮʱҪûİģ̯Ҳ֪˵ЩɷС
ȫˣϱ¶Ц
ҥֿһԱ¯ľ⣬غһ
ڰĶãٴ꣬ѺҲҪˣӾԲˡ
ҥ֪˵ʲôȴװûӣѰ˸ɵ̯ǰȥæµˡ
ԭΪ;Ǽõģû뵽ʱֻͬղͨ飬ȫ֪󣬱һֱĬϳҥδɷ
ҥ֪Ҳûãÿε飬ЦһЦȥ
ȫ˳궫뿪ˣǻҪȥô
ҥ̯֧磬о¶½㻽˾׼̯
ô磿⿴ŻԶԶδԶɽ̫ɻʵ
ҲˣЩȥҥͣңǻҪȥ׼յͲأЩˣҲԡ
ԣšһֽظ
ҥؽľ¯һһƳģͻȻЩ㱡
ʱȻǺȫˡ
Լû뿪飬ҥҲûٸˡ
ҥϣ£ԼΨͼͼġرҪ֣ʤЩͻСʡܳػץϹ
ⲻǿԸãദôҲûʲôвõѡ
˽ǲԸž뿪ģÿﻹǮ
һֱ֪ΪʲôԼ뿪
ҥУһǳìܵˡ
ЯӣȻ󣬸ѵõԸŻֹ֪񣬼̱ض
㲢ûʲôԣڣһǸСүҥйôõĿӣҶŽʤЩСؤҲȫ֮ɫǴһţȭŹ
Ҹļͥܽ˸ֳԵ˿ʮ꺢ӣ
ҥҵһǱߵ𡣡һ仰ҥӴ˳
ҥͷڸס˫Ŀ鲻ԽĶʼŻŰ̧
ӹ۶¶һõЦݡ
ҥЩۣŴ
ʰһҪ뿪ʱͻȻһ
һҥŮվ̯ǰǳЦŴ˸кòʱ򣬽ǾȻôҪˡ
ʱ򡣡ҥӭȥõһᣬȻҪˡ
⸽֮ҥܺжԭȻ죬ʱ̬һ򹧾
洽һЦСȴ𣬿Ĩۣ
ҥ˳Ƶյ׼Ūһǵˮʱһ
ص˵ͷ
˳ԣԸȷʵһһЦǳŮӵķ顣
˺һСᣬ¡
һֱվԼСƵҥǰʵչҪһСʶ
ҥͷȥӴС
СԱ˵ûȷûвʱҽܵãҽࡣ
ҥЦҥ
֪˵ˣЩǵһͷ̯߰Ůӣһֱ㡣
ңҥЩɻĿⲻԾ졣
ҡҡͷѾͷԼ˵
Ҳ飺ǣģҲҪ֧̯ӣͰԱߣЩɿڵָ㣬šɣ𣿡
Ȼԡҥһ仰̽յ˸߰˷֡
ϴùϵŵǱ߿æչ࣬ƽʱһߣûŮ飬ٺòˣҲǹһ˵¡
ǣ𣿡ⷬʱЩˡ
ʮֲֵҥʾͼ쵹ǿˣȴûҥ˼
мؿҥһۣ漴ˣһҪ֡üŹأҥ¡
ţҲġ೯챣֤
˵ţҥ֣ԼǱ˵ˣգվҸֱ
ҥЦŵͷӦˡ
һ쿴ҥ׼ˣ⣬뿪
س̵·ϣҥŲ֡
Ȼ֪ʲôϵȻŷǷ塣ֻҪύȻǴ
ζʲôֱԶ
ԹţߵһͻȻ־Զĵط
תСܻؾߣҥɻʵˣ⳵ɡ
ҡҡͷܹ֣ãơ
ҥĬ
ĲӻôҲòԼٶȡ
һΣҥ̲סˣǡôˣ
ߣͷһƫƺ뽫ǿȥ
ҥ룺ҽյˣ
ʵ֮л˵˺ãҸǸָαأ
ƺ˼һʵ㷽ǰΪ˵Լǡһˡ¡
۾Ҳ𣿡
ҥˣһʱЩΡ
͵ҷǴλĴԲŻ˵Ļͷ̯ʱ䣬ΪڣҴδĹȫ⣬Ӳǡһˡ˵¡ˡ
صͷǡ
ҥֵոȷʵʧˡҽո˫ĹǮɣ
˵ţ̧ȥϷǮĺɰ
æܾ⵹ˡ
ҥ̧ͷô죿
㷽Ų˵ʱҪˮô֪ʡ
û̫⣬ҪˮȺȵñʤǷֵø࣡
ҥЩΡ
⾣뷨͸Ͳһˮˣ綼ȵθ
Ȼ
һһƣһϳ塣һˮܰߣоǻƺҲûʲôˡ
ҥԾӿ˽ŲȻڵһʱ
áӦ
ľ⣬˳ػصҡ
ҥż˵æϰһҹſԼʱ֮ǰٸͲ˻
Ƹ֮󣬾ݺһ
ҥ״˾䣺ʣµͲˣǾͻȥúϢһ졣
⾫ʵš
ʼãתҲ롣û¡ָյȴƳҥµڡ
еĻ˸תٳھͱˣðˡ
˻ص̯̯֧֮ɺɺ١
һӻʳУС٣СϵŵǾǽеĶžϵɫȹӳȤ
ҥккţϺ̯λ
ʱǡ˲࣬һҲӦҥȥæ
лл㣬ҥС˵ڣҾͲˡ
ҥЦЦû׷ʡ
ŰæĿյ۲һҪĶ
׼һЩĸ㣬о󲿷ҥھǶڻϵЩΨһĹͬǾºÿ÷⣬Լԧģİ˪ȵȡ⿴ЩΣ֪ʮɵ˼
ҥ̾ЩԼģ
صһͷнɫţ
ֿɡҥЦԧëΩΩФһ˿
ѵġšϲĻ´οԽ㡣
˵ţͻȻʲôóһСˣҥ͸ġšԺһҪ໥ְ
ҥ󷽷ӹ̫ˣҸղſžѾˡˣԹ緹𣿴ҲҵͲ
Թˡ
ʱϺ̯λβúã
Ϻ뿪־սȭͷҪʼ̯ˣ
ͷҥЦҥҪ׬ööǮ
ţȻ»ǰ·һƬ̹ҥѹеǣһĻţԵġ
ԣЦøӻϲ
˱ֿӦ
࿴ȷǵһ⣬ÿһݸ㶼ʮּϣϹŵЦվû
ͷĶӣһСŮչ̯λԸƣݸչ⡣
Ҳȫǻˡ
ҥǮͻȻԱһ䣺㻹ûǮأ
ҴӦԼǰĹ˿ͣǱ߿ȥ
ʱһĴ̯λǰͷһЦһִ
ʲô⣿Ǹ⣿ͲϲȻǻͷеĲޣJˣմ
óԣһˣǡָǴ󺺣߿㣡
ôˣЦ⣬ѳԵҪָӸǮΣ
㣡༱ɫ죬ȴȫöԷûа취
ҥһԿһᣬҲʲôˣʱǰȥ
ʹм䣬侲λ磬ԸǮֵ顣ڶͷﶼϿɵ顣Ȼ˶ȴԸǮ鴫ȥˡԹ̴ɲá
ͷͣҴϴĿвܱͬϳ
ҥһʵ̧
Ӵǻʶأ󺺵ͻȻЩĪǰ̯ǰˣˣ
Ѿһջ׼ȺֱȡЩͽĹͷҥһʾ⣬Թվ˻ȥ
޹أְҹﶼ°˼׵ġ㲻ԸǮǱȥѰƴۣ˵
ȻǼɵԼƴġ
ڼ֣ǣƾ㣬ҵ
ҥ̧һָľһƴ˿ҲǸڱȥưɡ
ǵĶ˴ΧȺʱٲȻ󺺱۸С
ΧۿʼҥбʶǴ󺺵ģʼߺ֣ЩǮҪˡ
ܿ죬󺺶סѹҴǮֵ֮ˡ
ûþ⶯ͽ£ҥҲһ
תǮְ࣬ο䡣
ؿҥҥҪҿܾˡ
ҥЦֻûо飬ԺöˣСҲԼ
Ӧһš
ҥ뿪ĽŲͣ¡
Ȱһ㣬ûҪΪЩǲֵá
û뵽ȴҡҡͷ
Űڻϵĸ㣬ʵĶ˵ô𣿡
ҥЦЩ˵Ļ㻹ţϻôĸ㣬ѵǳû𣿡
೯ҥֵҷȲˣܺóԣ
¿Цŵ˵ͷ
ҥļֵҽͲˣʱ֮ǰҪ뿪ҲȰڵɣһ
֪ɽԲΪ̯Ӱ롣
Ȼԣصͷ
ͻȻƺʲôҥԼ̯λһٵĽ䣬ҥҧ˶䡣
ҥҽҸ㣬ֻС̴ͣ뿪ȻٽûĻͷһҴҲˡ༫ѹɼסʱˡ
ҥ̾ͷ̴ָơ
ţЦŵͷ
ܿʰֲֻ֮Ҫһε̴ҽ֪ǵĴ١ͻȻͣһǰȫûĴֻԤһ㲻
ҥ˼صͷ
ʣ࡭ҿ԰Ϣ߱𣿾̯
Ȼԡ󷽵Цڴ˴ʲôõ̯
ȥ֪ǡ
Ҳ˼ҥЩصüͷ
ҵ˼ǣ̴Ϣߴ˴е̯
ֽڵģԺÿһ¼ġ                        
лҪ˵ĸǰ~
ĸ11֮֮ͻָÿ6~
л֧~

 27 

ཫͷ̴г֮¸ҥ, Ǵչ˼Ȼû׼鹫ҲҪ͵͵Ҹû˵ĵطҥ˵ˡ
ʱҥҪû, ֻʱȸ˱, Լ˵
ص̯λ֮, 󼸸Ͳܿ챻գҥҲž˼ҡ
ѵеһ, æµ˺һ˳Թ緹˯˴硣
ҥʱ, ϼʱ
Ǵ֮ʵ, ϵϼϿµĻ仹Ƭĳ͸ϣȾķɫ
ҥһһʱֲ֪֮ʱεصĴ
Ǻܿ, , ͻȻѣ͵شӴϵ
˲ôٳ, ߱ߴĽᡣ
⣬Ÿ֪Ұ, ڽ¿ľɶѡ
ҥҴԽ, Ϩ, ˰ȼԼ˯ǰŵаƵ±ˮδʣûκνζнŷɡ
һȡӽе廨±̳һʾ⣺أҲʱң
ϵľмʣûʲô, Ҫôʲô
û£ҥüͷҪ±ˮͥԺˮٵηǱ߲ѮҪõĵζƷ
תͷһô黹ûȻ˵û£
ȴûıŵ
ҥȻ¶һЩ۵
ÿ졭Ҫ鶼ô𣿡ʡ
Ϊÿ˶һã۳Ⱥ̨ϵҶҪרŷһȥɨ𣿡ҥĻЩˡ
ǶԾʲôֻͻȻʶԼΪ˯óһ磬н꣬Ҳ
˵֮ҥʶԼʧ̬
һΪԼͻǸ
ż߽û£֪㲻˼
ҥͼһЦݻԼΣȴֵżҶˡ
ͥԺемǿˮֻǵηǱ߽㶩õĶȡҶˡ
֣˾ҥϲһ⣺ԣģûµġ
ҥݵشסˣûܱܿ쵽Լձߡצӡ
ʱӵĿӳǾĵЦ⣬˵ıγĶԱȡ
ѵץסҥûзģ̽Եسһ㡣
˯һ綼û¡˵
ҥѹæ˼ľһȫķΧ㡭
ĻûڣóѵľѾƬõ廨ŽУϸϸƷζ
ѽҾ֪óóԣ죬˴磬±Ȼͬһ㣡
˵ţֲ֪ܵسһ顣
ҥķ˼ⷬɢ˸ɾ
ϵĵǰ˶ȥ
ҿԣٳԸ𣿡л⣬ȴ˸޹ʼϹ±õļ
ҥҧгظһ飺ȥ
֪ˣһģһ˳ȥ
뿪ҥƽ׼š
棬ͽʤڴžͼ͹Ĺھ׽źö
ҥܹȥѯʾһȺ˲֪˵ЩʲôܿͥԺпʼ׷
ǰ⣬ƺ廨ʲô˵ĺô̼໵ظл
ѵУҥŴ߸߸ߵĲ𣬻н﷽ŽԼԹȥΣٿһ
ԴԽоԼƺǵһΣͷһ㵣ӶûС

ա
ͷֻһҴӦҲࡣ
ʱû˹˿ͣѰҥҥҽ㡭˵㣬Ŷλֵ͡
Щȷѯʣ㣬ȥȥ
ҥ֪ԼǷˡ
ͷЦȻھ̯һȥ
šһͷŲȥʰˡ
һĴ£ҥ;ͷһԺȺС
ǵƳĶͨͨķڴһСԺû˸֮˵ĽŲ
̸ܽһ·϶ੲݡ
ǸԺרŲõģԺ¯θɴͶǱߣشˣ鷳ͷԼ⡣
ҥܸоСƺûʲôѣһӵ
̲סʣСﳤ𣿡
԰ͷʲô𣿡
ҥҡͷǽߵģǴкÿࡣ
𣿡ǵĻִһ㡣
ҥĿⲻԱ߸׳ĻԺԹ漴Цǰ
ȷԼеɻҥӾˡ
֪Ƕͷġˣһڹסڴ˴
ֵطôһӣȻ˺ܴ
ϧǣ֪ΪֻԼһ䡣ҥãһ·ԼܿĻԺ֣Ѿ콫ͷ̯Ҳ£ԼĿƷΧˡ
ʱ벻׵ĵط׵Ժһ̤ͬһȾµĹš
ԶԶƼ˿ģӣԳԺͷͻ
Ҳ飬ԺԺдԼҥӡ
ǳ֪籸˵ĺͲˮЦкǡ
ʼĽ̸ǳãҥԲ˵˺ͷ״⼸յİ̯ÿÿ˵Ҫ̲סЦ
ȵĲˮĹ룬˸֧ࡣ
ҥ֪Ҫʼˣæضá
Ҳ˽šüĿ仹Ц⼸գнʱ䣬ҪͷչǸˡ
ϻֺദһֱ໥ģûСͷһ˵ҥ
ϲ㡣ͻȻȻ֪ЩֻΪֺңôΨһһҸеᷳġ
ҥӣصˡ
˵˵°ɡյ˵Ҫ̴ϢȫЩ̯
ҥͷ
ȫ֪Ѹ֪ȷϵ
ҥٴס
Ǹˡ̴ͷжҪٶѿࡣ
ԻʽϢȥӯҶǲȵġ˵ʵԭΪѡҲΪչô
˵꣬ʵҿ𣿡
ҥЦЦ֯õ渵⣬ҵȻ֪Ҳʮָж
ǣϢܵõĶǳ棬Ҹϣͷܳ÷ٷչȥ
춨ؿ
ı鲢ǾȣȷԼв²𺳡
˶٣̾һʣͷķ١̯ʲôϵأֻҪֻô
Ȼǡҥص̴ȻҪأͷֻ̯ƷҲǲݺӵġ
ãƾЩͲǱ߸ϲ̨ʳ׸⣬ܱȵµˣͻȻЩŭ
ͷһֱЩġԸڴ˴̴ʮ߰˾ǳġ
쵱Ȼ֪ҥ˼ֻԼĿҥĻȻļƻ֮ڡ
ҥ΢㶣漴㡭
СС־ȴͦ󡣡ָֻЦգҥĻֱЩӣҪƴͬɢͷϢҲɣ
ҥԼЩƴᱻ֪
˵ͷɴϵǡ
ŶͷͻȻҥЩ£ֵġ
㣬ͻν֮١
һǽˡ
ҥЩ¡
ͻȻʶͷлһ̴ϾҪ֪һˮ·ϣڽݵͷѾʹãֽռžԵ͵ֻʹǳЩҶΪ˲ϢҲԸһա
ǣһУƺ
ҥ֪ΪʲôҪôȴ֪ԲʱǿӲ˺
ǸͷСûʸԿ
һ㣬ҥʶʱˡ
ƽһºָֻ֮ǰƽ͡
ЦŵǸˣٳԵǸ⡣
ҥûоܾеԵؽݹĶС
ζҥͻȻʶʲôʵζƺա
εҡͷѾͷʲôգССְˣҲܺŪЩ
ָŸܵЩרŵеƼģֻдĿˡ
ˡҥЩ˼
̸ֻ֮꣬һˣҥɫ磬Ѱ˸ͷ
Ը£ҪǳȥҥȻǸмӦ¡
˵Ժҵ⣬ѾԺѵ÷˼ٴĻԺǵûԹվϣֽʽ
̾ԭ书˸ǿص˱ɽҪʰ·硣
˱Լļ򣬿Цɷֵˡ
һı飬վҥߣٲȻһɿ佱ҡģ
ҥô˵Ҳ˵ʲôֻó˳½Щ
˼ֵ̤֮˻ȥ
ҥ;ͷյѯ࣬⼸ô
ʱƲǣá
ҥҥʼ֧̯ǲҲãҽ˵ͷδȥ˹ģ
ҥδش𣬾ҡͷӻȻǡҥ̫ˣ̯ĵһգͲþ⣬û򵽵ĴίܱǻŲأ
ôɴۡ
һ̯֣Ҳ֪ʹڣǵĶҲʣµʱ򣬻ϲܵ٣ۿա
⵹ǡͷ
ֵʵ֪ԼղأƼӵһȣױܳˡ
ֻǣֻǡЩǿԵģû뵽
ҥЩɥûаοֱָʹԱȽݸӸݸǲȱǮطƷྫʳ
Ķغζһռºͷ̫õ·
𣿡֮ⷬ£ͷֱӴȥ
ʼһԲҲ֪Щʲô
һ̾һ
ôˣҥʵ
룬ҽ˵ûҾͲЩӦúúѧϰŮ͹ʣȽ˷ңҲùøһЩ
ʱŮӵƺǼˣҥǵãԼѾ˵ˡ
ʼԼǲǽҪֱӷͷˡ
ܿ죬ߣҲŲҪأ
ƫͷҥҥ˵ҪҸᣬȥƷ̵ѧô
ҥһ㶣ƼƷ̡Ůѧ𣿡
˱죺Ҳǡ
°ͣʼĥµ˼·
ҥʱͻȻյҪʱգãáҸӴ˼ĳ̵㣬һг
˫һˣ
ҥֵⷽ棬¾Ҫ㷢ˡԳԼһЩµĸ㣬򡣡
ֻᰴɵˣԼ죿ңҲᰡ
˹ҥװһȻģ˵Сʱ򣬳ĸԶعַһ㣬ζز˵һδھ
۾ˣʲôҥҥԸ𣿡
Լ£δ֪ﱳصļ۸ſھ͸Ҫ
ҥȻ
ʣ࣬ĸ㶼ڵģ֪Щ㣬ʵ̵ģ
̵ģ΢΢졣
ҥͷͨŴƤ϶ɳŴ⣬ɳ̵أ
̵ɣѾɵˣ̵֪ʲô𣿡
ɻ󣺡⣬ܳ𣿡
ҥЦЦȻ䣬˲죬ͷû̴ͣˣ㲻ڼԡ
ѽ˷ܵصͷȻһ֪Щʲôζ;档
ݵؿҥҥĺóֶصͲ̿ڵĸ㣡
ҥ֣ں˵˵̿ڸһ£ǵģ컹ҡ
صһͷţ
һ죬ҥûĺ⡣
;һ𣬽ص¯ζǴԺ䣬ֻҪĶƳ
Լһڴ˴˱Եķ뿪ˡ
бչУŻصԺС
Ų죬ԼҲࡣ
Ȥ˿ģǲǳҲڣҥʲôȤ飿
ߣŲʲôȤأǺҪ£
Ѿͷﻹ£˵ŽѵĻȴûа𣬾ͷᡣ
Ὣͷϥϣģ㡣ҥ
ȲҪĺӣੲݽ̿ڵĸŶһҲûɣ̵ƺʹ˿ŴƤУϼ죬ζѰĸӷḻóԡ
ȹҰѲϱˣ㳢
סеĲ죺ҥ˵ģ
ǰĻصͷ㣬˵ôôóһֶͲ˿裬ȫûĶ
Ҳ찲οЩҲǳóԡ
ƭˣӣŶãҵĶͷҪȥˡ
𣿡컹߹ļ
ҵȻˣ
һϣ㣬Ҫ׬Ǯ׬ǮӣͲЩ㲻ϲˡ
˵ţͷĿа󣺡ȵңȵ׬ööǮ͸һ뿪һµĵطҺòã
ûԸҪҲûϵҿһӵĸ㣡
סЦɵӣ򡭡
򵥣ִشĻ
Ѱ֣ԼǰӦңòã
͵һعǿһЦݡ
ãҡӦ㡣
һߣҥžڻؼҵ·ϡ
һ·϶ڼǹҥļ̿ڳʳԭôණһֱȻ˵
˵Ҳûãûʱҥص
ӲҲûϵ˵ҿԼ
ҥֱֻչһ䡣
ȥĶųϣɲǻؼҵ·
֪ȥһطԶģǰͷҥ͡
һһǰͣ¡
ĩĳļĻǶ䣬Ѿͤͤˮ档
ûء
ҥȴЬˮժһƬߵĺҶ
ѾˡžҡҡҶˮ㻶عæ                        
лҪ˵ϻһ£Ҿ9ûеĻͲҪˣ
лл֧~
лͶ׵Сʹ³ 1
лӪҺСʹ 10ƿ 4ƿ 3ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 28 

ͲõͲѡڽ϶̵, ʱɽԵѾҥ˸飬ҺƷʵ, 뿪ʼ֡
ʱʼ, ٲҵ취, ͲԴΪһ⡣
ʱѾҪģɻδ, ƬƬҶѾˮǲժʱ
úҶͲ, ܼ̣ܽÿ͵
˼, ҥժԽо
һժҶֻΪԣԵľѾһ֮󣬱кϰһͬ˼ҡ
, úҶͲ, һӷĺҶмҲԵ÷ǳġ
ҥĥҪҪ׺⻻, һ㶫ġŴ׼ʱʤڴ˼
ҥ, ҥù, ˵Ǻ쿪ʼʱȥͷˡ, ǵʱǲǲˣ
һʼҥֻƸȺСؤ죬ǺΪ⼫ãʤǼÿ
ҥ˸ճĳʳ, ῴһЩͭ壬ʳ
ҪҥʱͲˣǰԺһޡ
ԺӵĶϽǣ;⿳Ѿɵòˡ
ʱȰҵľͷԺд򵥵Ĳҥƻţ֮ԺиɻҲױɹ
е˼͸¶ڹӶʤ˵Ĵ㣬ʤȻϲʤá
գҥ;ɵͷ̯
һʱû̫ĲֻͬͷϵĴһЩҥԤϵֳ׼ͲҲࡣ
֮ǰֻͷֻʣ̯ɵۡ
ҥ뿪û˹󼸸ͲԲ
ģϽȥɡЦȰҲߣתæʰ
ΪԸͶԴӴкֵܶžرף߶ҲƵ
ҥԸΪƵģһϵƳ֮󣬱ߡ
硣ҥ
ôˣ
мҪ˵һ¡ҥߵߣղҪ
û˵꣬ͻȻһߴĵ
ͷϵ̯Ǳ߿ȥ
ҥĻˣҲļˡ
ǻ߽ˣŷֶԷԺм˼ֵܡ
ɽһͭ࣬˵עˣɤź
إţʱ䣬ͷ̴ͣǿãҪҪ
һǰѲһ飬仰㺰߰˱飬ȵȷ˶ˣδ뿪ˡ
Թԡֱ۾㶣СӲô˵
ҥѾ²³˼
ԼǼڣȻ˵á
ǲֻ֪ⷬ뻹һ飬Ըͷչˡ
Ȼնû̴㲻Ҫ̯ˡҥתƿ⣬
ͷţȻ
ѾסˣˣҵȥҸһ¡
šҥ;һվ뿪
ʰ̯λ֮ǰҥǱ߿һۡ
ƺҲЩͷת򣬿ֻһִ˸к
һȫ֪ģ
ҥ֪˼ʲô֪ЩźײͬʱҲǱӦʱԼ
죬뾣⻹ǽһصֵǮĶûǸԺԼװּҴ塣
죬ҥһæ׼´ο̯²ʽһߴž˸еԺӡ
ò˵ܸɣʸð֣ԼŹѼ£ӾױС
ʤԱ߻ǰŵݶҥõλڿӣҲĽЧࡣ
ҥƲʲôȴƫƫ۵һ
һҪľĴСλһҪеƷҪкһæýŲմء
إ죬ȵǡ׼úü㶹ɣǾŵĽ֭һˡ
ڰСԺʶΧˣ˷һ˺ü롣
ȵʼȥʢʱ򣬱ҥһۣջ֣ͦԲĶӻϢ
ʱһδŵĿѰ˹
޿ɶһָʹŽʤСŲƥһԹҥôˣҲ㣬ҲѶûУǲûҵѣ
ҥʱæôתԵҲãȵȣЩҪʲôİ
巻³Ĳ͸ء޿ɶ͵ǿԻͼǮãҼҲȱϣұԼķݶˡ
һɫɴʵҵ۹⣡ƥɫиղСؤݵƥԼãƥѡ
ҥʮָмǵԼ
ллɶ㡭ЩƥܹǮʡ
ߣ޿ɶ˵ĻԺ㲻ˣ
ҥεЦЦ
ᶫĻƽʤ޿ɶݣðɣҲ̸Ǯ
Ҳɣ˺Щ³ʳ֮Ҫ߼ǵôһЩ
ǱģҪߡ޿ɶͷ
ȵغ䣬޿ɶҥ
֪ҥĵǱ߿ʼ̯֮ˡ
ҡҵȻͷҸ˽Ǹطüͷǡǲʲôõطȥˣ
ҥ֪϶Ҳ˶Ǳߵ顣
ݹ֪ˣ˵ǰ潾ۼ֮
޿ɶ֣͵ģȷʵǱ¹䣬Ҳ⡣
ɣɡ޿ɶһ𣬡ܹá
˶Ҫˣ˼ʲôҥν
޿ɶԣԼ侲˺һŵðɣ֮Ǹˣ㲻᷸ġ
ͷ̴ƵԶ꽭ذĻҥͻȻʵ֮ǰ˵һ常ôڻЩϵ𣿡
޿ɶҡͷƺûˡ
֧ûʱ˵֮
常˵Щ̴ûЩŮӻбҪչˣö֮㵭
Ůӻͷ⣿ҥ󾪡
ܿף޿ɶСŮӡָӦþ
޿ɶͷ϶Ĳ²⣺ô˵ģҲ
˵꣬ҥ֣ҥ㲻ȥǰ̯ҼлһؽֵСӣ¸ס˾Ҫˡ
ǣұҵ˵һ¡һֱܸмҵλãֻҪǿ϶Ը㡭ţҪǮС
ȻĪͽ޿ɶȴΪҥľһݸ
ʱҥְҵ滮ָ巻˹һְԽԽܵӡ
֮ͷԶһɡ޿ɶһҪ
ҥѿ֡
޿ɶ֪ܽǵѴҥҲ׼˵ǣ
ֻӲתšȲ˵ˣٿǿǡ
ˣ㷽Ų˵˴ιҪɽȥժʲôǱͲͲˮھɽȥɡ
޿ɶ֪ӱԼ˼Ҳ޿κΣֻɥҾ˵˵֪ǻȥˣȥҡ
ҥҡҡͷ
׼˵ʲô޿ɶʱ򣬽ʤ̽ͷ
֪ģҴȥ
˽ʤⷬ޿ɶû˽ڣ˳˳ɽ
һ·ϣҥ˽⵽νĸʵûʲôʵʵôΪֺ״˸òͷݵ׷
޿ɶĵܵܽ꣬ҹϵ˾ԺձҪѧ޿ɶײײ뷨ҪԵɽΪܲɻ
ڽʤΪʲô֪
ѻ͸ЩװģˣʱܵõüͭĴء
һǰ·ܵ÷ɿ죺ÿʱǾ͵ȥֻҸɻ¸æˡ

 29 

ɽæ˴ʱ, ʱѾ࿪õĸ
ôһ޿ɶҲࡣ
Ǳߵ飬ҥ˵һ绰֮, Լժһӻҥ͵ĺҶ, ϲϲ뿪ּҴ塣
֮, ҥʱ͹Щ
˼ƥĲ޿ɶһЩҳĳʳ, мƵܲͺ
ҥһ£ŲϺͼͭ, ˿ճԷæѡ
ʱѾǰ, ˲Ъҥ˷
ԷʱʤһߴŶһ߸ǰġṦΰ
Ϊ˲ٸ, ּ»ż, һֱΧ⻨
ҰЩȥ˫, ǼԺǰţ, Ǻ漸Ļʳóˣ
ʤ˷ܵʱ, ϲһеĿ, ҥĬĬ˼ۣ΢һЩ
ʵܲ⣺ЩʲôðĻһܳ𣿡
֮ǰҥժģȫҥը˻֣ζһ
ʤûԹֶɴۣɶأܳ԰
Щ˰Щؼ, Ȼǹˡ
Ϊɶ֪׷ʣһ
һ˵ʵݣʤͲ֪ˣȥǡɵǼ䡣
Ǿʵڿȥӹ˻ͷ͵˾˸ԼҲ⻨һ㲽ԲŶֻ׷
ţž͸ի˰ѷؼһ
˵ͷ
һԼԻ·ðһ⣺ˡǸʲôģǲҪǻ𣿡
ʤСЦ
˰ɵˣʱʱ߶űĻҪǮҲŲǡ
ҥ⻰ȴЩΡ
תͷűĸͻȻ̾һ
ͬʱе飬еĺӲժˣеĺȴʲôֻ֪ժǮ
˵öԽʤ˲ͬ飬ϾڹŴɲִռ
ĳɳУѧһֱͷһ̡ԶǵԼڴҵѿһξһһСУŮ׷Ϊʲôѧ
Ϊʲôѧ
ûлѧ
ôã֮ΪսദһЩ顣
ʱæµļ϶ʲôҲҲƺӦ⺢ȥѧõͷ
Ϊȣͷÿһ֣ͱˡ
һȺУֻо״
ôˣСĴսҥѯʵ
ҥͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ˵ӦǶİɡ
·һֱηľɫ˲
ǳԵһŲŸս٣ʵ
ԱҲ֣磬𣿡
̰ͷεø˹һ㣺棬һ㶼棡
ҥȴŹ㲻ó飬Ӧȫ˰ɣ
Ľսһڻǳŵ˵ͷ
ҥ㻻һ׽ЦȻˣʱ䣬ְ̽ɡ
ңûʱġ֡
㲻ǾǱȻȭŹ𣿡ҥ룬ʱڵд֣˭ȫ˭
ǰԼּס
סҲŶȻ
ĿɨʤˣͻȻ¸ԼǼ
˼ˣȫûʹͷˣϡ
ʤС֪ʲô£˴˶һ޹ģ
¶ºҥҲЩȸУҪʱȫ
֪ʱейķ֣֮ǰȼνӴֵʱԼĿİĶҲ߰˳ɡ
оֵڣҪҲ࣬ᡣ
ûҥҪôΪڡ족ļڽ;⿪ʼȫµĺҶ㶹ۣǰͷš
ȥȡͷϵĶʱҥûм֮ǰԼࡣ
ԺǰǸÿţͶˣҥţѶ˳
ҥ٣ֻ˵ԼҲ
ҥȻ֣Ҳûʱ׷ʣҴ뾣뿪ˡ
̯λãҥȵط֣һξȻмϹ˿ͣ͵һ
;æӿ˽Ųͣ
ԼѾվһˣʱҥڲ̯λչ׽
ҹãǵһǰڴ˴һҵͲ
ͷϵԱʱ޷̶ҥôܼǵס
̵֪ĵһЦҪлС統ʱչ̯ӵ⡣
ٺ١ɵЦ
ΪЩֱͬǰһ£ֻع
ҵͲ̫óˣһθʮ
ҥԣֻñǸȣͲѾˣǻһµʳҪҪ
סˣͲ˰
ĵԸһźһĴȣӴ
塭壬Ͳûˡعͷظ
һۣûˡ
ҥģٸкЦ
ʱ򣬾ѾѻҥȡһӺҶ˳ڱʵͲûˣкҶ͹Ҫ𣿡
µĺҶڵУҶɢͲȫ죬ȴͬ㹻˵
ҥ㽫ڳ߽ܵһͨĵף⡣һЩŴףļ⡣
Ǯһģһġ
ѺҶŴ׼ѯʹһָóԡ
˳Զʱһһ죬ɵˣһҹû𰸡
ҥɴཫһˡ
ΪŴױҪһЩΪ˿ƳɱŴ׼ĸͷͨҶСһȦͬ
ԭ˵ͲˣΪһҪһˣŵҶ㣬ȴһ
˿ڿˮתͷѯԼ
һֱۣҥҪС⵾׵ĺŴ׵ģһ
ҥͷȡ¶ȱȽϸߵݸ
ӹ󣬱ҥ̯Ӻµߣ׼ֱòͣ۰Ͱ͸ȥΪԼȸԼһߵ·ȴ˻
ңҲҪҥ
ҥЦЦ
ûżöûƼ˺Ҷһλ׼һЩ㶹ۣ۸񻹱Щ
ⶫģҪˣʱ˲СҪҪԣ
ƺǸûʲôˣһҥ˵Ӧˣá
ҥԣذһۡˣ˴ƳƷ㶼㿪š
˿ͰһͷﲻĴʼΧ£̯ϵĺҶһ־˵ٶȿʼġ
Ϊڼд죬һ㹻ĻʱȥҥĶʣԼĪ֮һ
ȴżΪľ飬ô㶫ǰ϶ա
ʱȥʱû˿ˣһݺҶ͵ǰӡ
ҥҲȷʵˣлѶ˹
ûз֡ͷ̯Ӷ˺ЩųԷĹ򣬾
ҥͷš
һһ£ձǰ뿪ʱٶ̯ӡҲûģбǼҴӽûţҲ֪ǲǹˡ
ЦЦ
ͻȻҷŴһ¡
ţҥЩɻ󣬡ʲô£
˲Ǹǣǰ춼û𣿡˹еļ£֮ŵҷŴʵ죬ͷдֻġ
ҥ룺ȷغܶ࣬ǲдֻһյˣ
ǡ񶨵´֮ǰûڶͣ´
ǻû뿪żǸ˵ƴ˱˵ƼѪġ
ҥҲ˵ǻϲǣѵ֮ǰЩ˰æľٴ롭ˣ
ϲԼжЧҲǱߡ
϶֪£Ǹʲô뷨ҥȴ޷֪ˡ
ԡͷЦſ϶Ĳ²⣬ͷռʱټ˺ͣ
ͷʷǷٹģԾˡˡʡ
ҥȴͻȻЩǵһԱߵĿյء
ﱾ̯ĵطһ峿û
ڵǱߣʡ
ҥס
֮ǰļ׮֪⣬ľ޿ɶ¼
졭񲢲ϣͷʢҥüͷҲ֪ΪʲôҪôľٶҪŭˡ
û¡ⰲʲô
ҥɫӵؿһۡ
üɫ㾡ģʣµ㵣š
˵һֿضҥСŮĳݺ͸м
ҥȴ·ƣ˼һѯʵ𣿡
һӱˡ
°ͶľϣίôЩҰΪǮΪˡΪˡ
Լĥ˰죬ڲȫΪǵꡣ
ǼٵġҥһڷѺҶԱװľС
ץץףֻ
˵˴˶Ĭزٽ̸һǰһСϢ
ʱȥҥ̯λǰͻȻһˡ
֮ǰǼģеĻԺɽ
ɽ;ֹܿ˾ݹȥˮǵǱ͡
֮ǰҥһҲ׼˼
ܾյĶδء²̫㡣
ɽֱӵˣŶλ
Ѱŵ£Ȼǲ׼ˡ
ҥ룬ǰԾ̯ɣǹȥ
ѣҸ׼ʣЩȥǡÿ͸ɽֵܡ
ɽԱˣȵҥˣ⡭ǾͲˡ
ҥЦǰֵܹ̯Ǳţұһֱ뵱лǡ
ЩҲֵʲôɲҪܾ
ɽУ˵ԶԶȲҥģҲֻöǰΪ·
ͬĵطֻһξûԺУǸҥһ˴
쿴Щ㲣ûϢá
ҥһû˵ʲôֻʾ⣬
һʱЩƣҥѯʵûൽͷһȥ̯š֪ʲô鵢ˣ
࣬ǹһĨεЦΪо˵Ǹʲô֣һֱҹſȥ˯ˣʱһ˻ѹóԲ·
ұЪһ죬¿Щˡ
֪û£ҥ˿
˼һʵ֪ҹʲôҪ£
һȷʵе£Ҫ̸̸
˻֣еŮ˳ȥ
ֱ壬ѯʵ㻹ǵϴ˵Ļɣ
ҥѵ𣿡
˵ģҥϣͷչ顣
ʱҥбֵ˳תͷͰѼĵķһһࡣ
Ҳʲôˣ֪ҥΪƾ裬Ҫ˶ߡ
ҥʣҽҲ˵һЩ顭֪ǲԸͷչøֹͷ̴ݱ
˶٣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪʲôͻȻЦһ
֮ɴϵǣȷʵԸͷʢҲԸø̴˴
ҥǳ⣺Ϊʲô̴Խ߲࣬Ҳܽӵ
Ļû˵꣬ͱŭϡ
ΪʲôҪӸ⣿ݺݵһӡ
ͷ֮ҥüΣ֪Ǹ᲻Ůӡ
ʱҧгݵı飬ûҲûģ
ܿʶԼʧ̬Ҵʰһϵı飺ͷģͺܺˣֻȻ࣬ǣǡǡʱġ̯ãڿ϶û⡣
㲻Ҫ̰ģȥЩνҪҪʹҶԿ
Щ㷽ȷʵǺöһ˵֣£ֵ˵ҽվ㡣
ҥεҡͷ
ڱ⣬ֻһģҪҽԸͺؽǿϡ
ٲ֪ôͱҷˡ
ҥ͵㣬ҴûҪԡ
ȥ׽񣬵ȵԵʱŵǶͷ룬ǲӦ˳ͻġ
ֻ֪Ϊʲôų̴붫꣬˵ܰæ취
ҥ֪ƾֵİ취ֻܴĽˡ
̯λȻܹڣĿ꣬һʼͲǺ򵥡
㲻˵¸ľϻһΪϡĵ֪ʱεؾͻῳԼ
춨ãڰ
ȻҵĿͷ¾һ֪ͬϣʲô鶼а취ѭ
ԾڴˣȥúÿǰɡִһΡ
ûаѻ˵꣬˼Ѿˡ
ҥüͷһš
ûԵİ취ֻ뿪֮ټ취
ʱݺ˽
ʮ־ȣ㣬ô
Ŀҥת˼Ȧ֮ŵش˶˵˵ҥˣôңԼˡ
ЦЦȰ˵ǲˣҥ׼뿪ء
ɫˣǵûȥˣҪҥ˵ǵȴһΰɡ
㡭ûĻͻȻʵҲ֪Ϊʲô
һ㶣˵ʲô
ҥûϵǰһҲ֪ΪʲôЩ꣬һֱȲԸͷһҲԸ뿪
˵бӯ᣺ңԭΪ᲻룬ɣ׬ǮѾˣҲҲͷʢٽһǣΪʲôԸ뿪طأ
ط                        
лҪ˵лӪҺСʹ 5ƿ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 30 

ļ, ͷǴԼĵط
Ȼһֱ챣úܺãЩڽߣ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
, ýû׬Ǯ, Ҳûҵıֶ, ŲԸ뿪
ϣԼһ֮Լͽ㡣
ҥ֮ǰ, ˵ͷ̯ͷʱһֱ, ˵ûŮͷ̯ǱӪ
ҥ;, ŮӿϢõȥ˵
û˾ܾɿɣĥӲݼ֮Ӧˡ
, һֱҥĶԻ֮ǰ, ඼ãԼ׬Ǯ֮, Լҽ뿪ⰹס
񣬰ǰȴǡ쿴Ʒǳ״, ȲǮͼ, Ҳ׳뿪
ԼһֱļֳλӰ, ҲƲסԼ
˵Ǽ仰֮Ϫһ㻬䣬ֹҲֹס
ҥæȡϸɾΪᡣ
һߣȻҲĳ, 鰧УԼΨһ˵ʣȴʲô˵
һʱû˵صķΧֻӿ
ЩѰʱǿƲסȥҥҪݳ뿪Ҫüµͼ
ҥһֱ򶨵ţ󻹶˵ͷʾҪꡣ
ǣΪΨһһԣͷβһľͷһɵš
ƽǱƺҲ¶˾ġ
ңҲǲ֪뷨طֺγء
ԽЦһʣû֮˫СǸô죿
ɫ𽥱Щã
ܸһ𣿡ʡ
ķɵӣ֮󣬻µġ졯µġС
̾һĿƵҥϡ
ʵɡ
ݱո֮󣬷ŶͷľȫˣʱżҪ̴ͣ࣬ÿҲôҡ
Ŀƺ뵽˵ʱĻС
أ⸽ʵڹȥŮˣΪ--潡Ϣ˳ȥ̴ԽԽ࣬-ŮҲԽԽࡣ
Һ缸ʧȥ˵ʱʱҲǿšǽڶ
Ǻ̴ԽԽˣߵҲ˳ȥܶ࣬ܶʵδ·ĺĸĸֱԼҵŮǵ׬Ǯ
ǣǼʵҲԸɻֻǵĸĸ̰ͼͷ˵룬ǿнϵ˴
˵Ӷڷ
ҥȻԡ㲻Ըͷ̴࣬ǲЩΪͼ׵Ů͹
ԣͷ
ࣺҵȻҵȻԸൽĵطȥ¹ӣǣûҡЩŮ治֪ôˡ
̴ֻһֱά²ģЩŮӲŲᱻ糾
Ѿסˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼĽһֱصģȻĶ
ҥĻȴص̾һ
δԼϣɻؿ
㣬ò𣿡ʵ
ҥЦЦ˼Ǻõģⷽ棬ҡҴԶҲȲ㡣
УҥܸܵΪ˼
ĥ˼ʮˣѾôƵ˼ġ
ǡ
Ҿãķôˡҥն
ô˷סԼ֣ŵʵ
ҥ˵ͷ
룬Χµİ취α겻α
ЩԼŮӣԸǲԸûҵ֮δӣĻù
Ҳ˵һЩĴԣŮӲܼд߱˷У߱бȣȴڷŰ
ѵȱù
ƶһеĸġ
һʱ
һ૵ɣֻһŮӡܣܹܵôأ
ҥֻܱ֤ƤµһĶֵأЩš
̼ߣ۽ȫȲҥڵҵҡ
ҥǵġ
΢΢۾Լ⸱ʮǿɿЩ죬㱾øã⡮һĶУӻˡ
ֱӱסˡ
Ƭ̣ʣǣãҸô
ͣ˵ģΪͷ̴ͷ𣿡
ԣҥ˵Լļ⡣
Щٵͷ˵ĵطһܼĵطṩľҵᡣ͵˵طˣͻиŮӸҺһŰ̯׬Ǯ
ɫʮ־᣺㣬ܱ֤
Ҳܱ֤ҥڣ϶иŮӹ߱Ϊ-ˡ
ţһתǣȴܱ֤иŮӣͱӻ£վ
̴ǳģ-ŮˣǺܱܿʧˡǣȵͷչÿ̴ֻݱص̷ǧ˿ƵǾ㲻Ը⣬Ҳš
ʱȫԴµŮӣ¾̣һƬɿջ߷ݡ
ջҪϴŮɨŮҪϴŮŮ
ʱǱԻĹҪίԼˡ
ǣ𣿡ЩãȻ
ҥǰס֣ᶨңֻж긻ԣˣһİղŻḻԣŮҲŻ档
ҪĿһֱϣøЩŮһ·ǲŲصĸޡ
ƺѾղ˸Ϣ
ѿҥ֣ƫͷ㿪ҥƵĿ⣺㣬롭롣
ҥ̾һ
ţȷʵϸǿǡˣǽˡ
վֱӣһ׼뿪ɫ⡣
쳯˻֣ʾ뿪ҥȴԱߵ࣬գգۡ
࣬ǳȥҪ
಻˼ز˲Լ۾ѹſǻá
һӣȵ뿪ǴչͷʱϵЩ
ҥû˵Լ߱롣
Ĭ˴ε·ͻȻ̾һðһ䣺ԭЩҽһֱġ
ҥã˵Ķԣ˵Ķԡ
ĿЩ
ҡҲ֪ʵ
ʵУԼԼҥ˵ˣǶĸ飬ԾƫԼĽ㡣
㣬ҰȰ˵ҽ𣿡һѯʵ
ҥҡҡͷ
Цá
Ŀ£͵ôôǿ϶ܹͨġšҲ뵣
ס
ĽŲ࣬ǰҲġһֱġ
ǵҪοҥ
ţ೯
ҥƫƫͷҷǶλжϡҪˡ
ԵĻȥ֮Ҫ˵۷ʲô£Ҳʲô㶼ߡ
మĽãԶֿ
ǵȻ͵صͷ
Щ˼ǿ£ţ˵Ҳ
˵꣬ٴĿǰǵǰ
ɵӰҥ˲ʱΡ
ȷʵһĺӣԼҲֿģԼΪӰ죬ȴֹһεذ
뵽ҥ˦˦ͷ㲻˵иϳԺ
ҽµĳʳҶۣ֪𣿡ǰı࣬ͻȻʵ
Ѿѱ׵Ժྪϲ̧ͷ𣿡
ǰҥЦɽˣȥǵá
ѽྪҸղżɽʱŸҶԵء
Ҽȥ㣬׷ɡ
ҥûϵҸǷ׼õģȸɽķʢˣ㵽ʱ˾֪
š׼Ķ˫ݣǵúһͬ
ã࿪ĵһͷ
潵䣬һβͣӳضͮͮһƬһ硣
Ҫˡ

 31 

峿, Ƹϴ꣬ʹ˴Ҵ˴
һͣڶͷ̴Щ࣬ȵ, İС
ⶫ̯λ, ǲǱϴιʱࣿ˳ŸԼԱߵĴ
ͷ, ͬ԰̯λ, Ҳܼ˲١
룺ʱ佭д࣬ͷֵҲǳ, ǵûʱ䣬ǸּС̯Ķˡ
ҥ̯λһֱûиı, ȺתһҲˡ
ֺǺǳ̯λ߹ȥߵһ룬ûԼϤͲ, ɫɻ
ʱ, ҥҲǣԴϲƴֵˣ
ƴҴк, Թ̯ӱѰһ̽ʣֹ, Ͳأ
ҥЦ, ɽЩѾ, 㻻ˡ
˵ߴȡһҶݵǰ
һĴȣӴͲ˰βǰһˣ
Ͳҥѯʡ
԰ƵͷС㲻֪, Ͳⶼ̫ˣÿ꣬лͷ˼Ҷ
αΪʴأ
ʰһӣ⻰չûͲкҶƴ㳢֪ˣҥĶֻиõģ
ҥض㿪ҪԼ֣ȴһ
еģվⶼŲζ
ҥšһ˵ϵֺҶ۶ʢһݡ
³ʳʵ죬վ㶼Ͳҥӯ֮ǰͲʱ򣬷˽һ
ƺܿ쳢Ҷ֮߳Ա̲ס治˵ˣͲ˺ҶǲҲнã
Ҫÿ򿪵ķӡҥӦԵҶӦҲЩʳơá
ƻǵһʳơʣϸϸһ˼־üе
ԥҥԼҪһǧݣ𣿡
ҥüͷ
Ϊͷ϶һֱûеģֵֻܰоͽʤǼӡ
ҪϳʵҲûа취
һӦ£ԣǰ峿ｻ𣿡
ЦŵͷǣҲûϵſ
ҥ˾䡰á
ҲǵһνˣͳǮҥҪ˶
ˡǮʣ֮ǰļ岮Ҵ𣿡
µΣЩƷڽܴ·𣿡
ҥҲ¡
ͷȻȫúܺá
Ʊǹ㶫ɡ
ôණҵĴҲá
ҥȻûоܾɣͬ
׮£Ʊһɴ뿪ˣҥȴͻȻֽס
ƴҿĳʳܸȤҲ۹⡭֪ԸԸ⹺һĸ㣬ط·
ĸ㣿εЦЦҼǵýĸӽƼǣϾǷˡ
ƼǵĸһָӼ˾ݸءǰ㣬óöÿ
ҥʣƴɳԹ̿ڵģ͵ĸ㣿
Եɴ۾̵ģ̵ʲô㣿
ҥ
ȿӣԱ̯λ
峿ʱҶϰװһӸ㣬ʱԵЩ塣
ҥһ㶣漴Ŵкҥ
ࡣҥߵߣµĸɣôȥ𣿡
ɥҡҡͷ
СҸǰ漸Ƽ˼ΣһζˡܺóԵģ
ҥЦ㳢ˣ
صͷ
ֹңɽǶԹˣǶ˵ȻЩ֣ǺܺóԣԽԽԣ
ҥ̲סķ٣ǿ϶ܰ
϶ŽƣˣƴʮϲƷʵĶȴû̿ڵĸ㣬Ҵ
Ҳҥӣк󣬱ǫҪ鷳¿ˡ
಻˼ذڰ֣ˡ
ϣָȡ飬͵ҥǰǳ
ƷŽ̯ӵʱʵĶ
Щ÷øʵǺȤġʱĸȴʽΪ򵥵ļ֣ƱסЩʧˡ
˵ʵҥӣԼǲ̤̯λġ
ʱֵá޷죬س˵ͷʾлŽӹ˶׼Ʒ
еĵһʱ䣬ϵζٻδֱܷζʱݾѾᵽʳصĿڸˡ
ڴ󲿷ָŴûг֣ȡ֮ģִ࣬ͣɳɳĿС
ƷĴ󲿷ֳʳ޷ṩ˷ḻֺͻĿڸС
ܿ죬ԴЩӵϢƱ߾׽ʶ
ִǱƤ泴֥飬ͶӲǾ⴦ϸɣɳдŴСǱ˵ĵơ
ֱɵζܿ쵭ȥĿֻʣ̵ƶصϸƷ֮»ܳһζ
ơűԼҧһֱ
ͷǰ̵ơ
֪ܶԭʵм̧ͷһֱ̫ˣƺڸװ׳ζ
̵ơֱŨīزʵĴڣ
һߣҥѾԼһˡ
ִԼǸʳƷӹģǵֵļӹ߾кüЩûие̫ޡ
֪Ѿ˵ģΪһִζ˵ֱζҲе֮ϡ
Σѯơ
ܣֵζƵ
˵ϸϸʣµļֶƷһ顣
Щҥ̵ģҥѡǼִò˥Ծĸ㡣
һһ֮󣬵ͷ϶óԡ
ӹĵݹӲ˲֣Ȼһʼое֣Ʒͷǲƭ˵ģȷʵóԣ
¸һοˣϲԭһ£ȷϵ𣿡
ƲĵصͷֿڵСĲ򵥣ԭΪֹͲҶѾǷǳѵãû뵽ѵʵóյ˲ţ
ԣҡͷ͵ˡ
һҥҥΨһ˲ţЩ̵ģ
ҥҲӹҵʱ򣬿û뵽ܰ˺óԡ
ڼŰģһҿɲ
Щ¸ǰҥ˵ģҲһЩС䶯еҲеԼ˸
˵֪Щҥ̵ģȴӷЩ
λﶼ˼ġҪʮֵɱʱ֮ǰ͵ͷң𣿡
ʮɴ۾
еΪѣңҲ֪
Եġҥһɡ
ߣѵˣ˰æ
ûͬĹǳճ㡭ʵڲУ㰴ʱǽ㹤Ǯ𣿡
ԣһŶȥ
ƵͷãǾͰ˵ɡ
ûʲô飬ҥߣȡǩºͬ
ߺһŶ찡ңû뵽һõôǮ
ҥЦƴǸˣҵһͲ󵥾µģ֮½ӵ˺üӡ
ļԴһɿͬ飺æµˣҲ£ҪЩĵӻһһ͵ǰ
𣿡ȫֿˡ
ܿʶʲôסҥֵ⣬һжĹͣҥ
ǣҡ
ҥȴҡͷ
һѡĸܹܻӭǿ϶ΪԼŬŶһֱվ㱳㡣
ᵽ죬ԭ˷ܵľͻȻһȫˡ
̾
ôˣҥЩ⡣
ҲˡЩίؿҥһۣŽԼ˼ȫгʵһʼҪ׬Ǯ֤뿪ҲܿԼúܺá
ҥǰ˽˵Щ񲢲뿪ǣ׬Ǯʲôð
ҥˣ¾ЩЦá
ôջ̯ʡ
죺ңϰҲǸողµġ㲻Цң
ûСҥԼԵһ㡣
룬׬ǮȻð׬ñ㻹ҪʱͿ԰ӵǰӶҪÿһˡ
һ
ǵȻҥգգۡ
ĬһƺǸ棬żЦͣããô죡
һ˸ɾȭͷ˵ҪŬѸƹȥˣøҵĶ
ҥԱߣͷ

һ죬ΪǱһǧݺҶĴӣҥ̯
ַĺҶеֵǱ߼žʰ뿪
صкǰƹ֪ȫǱߡ
ȫպڼңϢĵ״Σѽѽ̫ˣ׼ȥϢˣ̫ˡ
֮ǰ棬ҥ֪ȫǰѶúܺá
𣿡ѯʡ
ˣʣһ㲻̫βˡȫش
ţֵҥһ׮ôɹǶ㰡
ҥҾӹҲǸмˣʲôġ
룬ɴཨյͷǱߣ㲻ƴǩԼһͲʱ䣬ҲԽ׮ȶ
úúãȫͷѽ嶼֪ôлá
ĺܿģһ׬Ǯ˳Ҳϵ˺ܶǰĵ֪֡ǽݵģЩ˱ϱЩҲѡ
һΣ׼ϸˣͷǱ߽Ļ
ҥȻ֪Ǻ¡
ҲйǣˣлȨֶ࣬Ժ㸴ˡ
ȫú綨Լýìܡ
ҥԼҲ֪㲻ˣ˾ӽУһֱûʲôϻˡ
ȻǰԼһ˷ǳ࣬Ҳ˺ܶס֪ʱ᲻Ҳ¡
ȫһ㶣漴ʵ̯ڰڵôˣȫ˵˵עЩʲô
ҥȻеľ飬ڻбҪ
ȫԼ·˵ž뿪ˡ
صУûĳʳָˣ˶Ӻ󣬱㿪ʼ׼һǧҶĵӡ
ôҶҥϽʤæġ
ҥ뷨
м˰ź˹ž϶˸ϵõļھӣһЩ򵥵ĻƣժҶ׵Ĺ˳ȥ
ּҴĴǸսæǿеʱͻȻӵڼҾļ򵥻ƣĵòС
ּҴüĵƻһֱҹڶ죬һǧҶҥԺС
ΪҪȥȫŪһţǡðҥһæ
ǽţ˳˳ͷ
ϣƸ˺Ҷȫ˵Ҫ˴ȳĶȫµҪ
Щ𾪡
Ĵϴ󲿷ƷͶµģЩΪûзգԲߡ
Գ֮⣬ƶ౸һЩҪɢ׬һһ㡣
˴׼ҪҥĳʳµĻû࣬Ҳֵơû뵽⼸ƶĲбȻܰѶԲ
ȷ𣿡ƿԼĶЩ㡭ֵӽˡ
ȫͼֵȷǡ
ҥҲе㾪ȡ
ȫϵһߣʵȫ塭ôǮ𣿡
ȫЦ˵󣬱˳м֮ǰǶķݡ
ǶµĻѾռһСˡȥ
ǮĻзݸĶ𣬼ǱĻڵ̽ǮѾ㹻ˡ
ҥ˵ͷţǾͺá
ڵ̽ǮзյģҥһðյˣִʱдҲʲôСĿ
ȫ˵ĻõǣԶʱ󲿷˵۹⡣
Ǯ׺ܿˡ
ҥ;뿪ȫڴϣԼ´ʱ䡣
Щʱҥڰ̯ɺɺٵࡣ
һڣ˾ȴܺãһ߻һߵŮ졣
ҥȥк֪մǱ߽
ˣһ¡һŮ˫˫[cx]ԭҽµˣҽʽǵңһæӵ飡
ҥһ㶣漴ϲ֮аˡ
࿪ĵصͷ
˫˫ȴһȽǵŮӡ
ǵģѵһأɱ𽾰ˡ
ϵЦһ࣬ҥʱ廰Ųǣ
¿ͷѣһѾˣǿ϶ԽԽԽԽá
⿪Цͷ߿һƼǻĸ̣ʱɵüŻҸԣ
˷Ц˵һá
ҥⷬŮۿɼһЩ
ҥһֱԱߵƼ
ĻټǱߵĶȷʵζһʱྐྵ½½ӵüӡ
ĸҥĺҶɺñˣһЩΪڷҥ̴ҲתͶ̯λ
̶̰ʱȥߵһֱӣһʼ˫˫ֶλͬ绪ïĹ
ڣͷֵľָһ䡣ĳ磬ɽͬһһ㣬˹ͷڵϢ
֮ǰҥ̯λһˣҥյ롣
֮ǰǸԺ䣬֮ǰǸľϵĸ㻻̯Ǽϣĺ¹Ҳ任뷨
ôҥ                        
лҪ˵˵9㣬9[ͷ]

 32 

Ҫһطƶ, ҪŬͻġ
ͷһĵطѾ߱˷ٵʹû˿ƶ, Ҳδ, չֳǿĵơ
, Ըվҥһߣͷչ, ҥ·Ѿܿͷÿֵĳ档
˼˺һܹ, Լ֮ǰķһһ
ҥһִ꣬кܶʾⶼ, οû졣
ûа㲻ͷһֱŬҪҥ˼·
Щƴʹæ̴ﶫߵû, һáµȥ졣, ǣͷ, Ҫô
ҥ, ͵ҵ뷨, ͷİ̯һ滮͵, емһ㡣Ȼٰ֣ÿյѲߡɨȵȡ
һҲԽ̯ȡһ𡣡
˵ͷ漴һ⣺ͷĵ, ǹٸûоϽ˴ԲһŮռͷؽ硣
ǡͷˣٸȴҪջش˴ô죿
ҥʵҲ뵽£ȴû̫Ĺǣõġͷܷչɹٸӹܴ˴ʵá
ʱӦѾƿ˴˴ԽԼĳڳٸ̸С
ֻҪеͲ׵ٴبõ
˼ص˵ͷ
ҥǱΪ̴ܱߵĳҲȥɢϢ̯ǰ֡
¸£ͷм޽ǱԡڡΪչΪһµĻľ˻Դȥٹ˵
걾еĴͷֻҪ̴ڴ˴ͣһΣǱпܽ˴ҲΪ̶Ĳ㡣
ʱ򡭡
ҥһЩʱ䣬еӪϸ齲һ顣
ִʱûܹľùȫƾԼŵĳЩ˵Щۣȴʮ׶þ⺺
ߵͷֱӵͷӦá
ҥЩ죬Ϊû뵽˹ϡ
Ҳҥɻ
ЦЦ㲻ؾȡԸⰴ˵ΪƾһҶҲް
˵һ䣬ͻȻɽһ
ɽȻ׼Ӧһһų񲼵ľ˽
쵱ҥ棬һơ
ʱ䣬ûڵȫ¶ǰ
ҥִһɨиӡ
͵Ҳ֪֮ǰ˵Щ㷽Ӽֵ٣ţƼҲ˳һЩͨĸӼֵһʮҡ
ЩҽմӦ飬ȨݵĻɿɷˡ
ҥһʱЩܡ
ĳ˲䣬ʵ˵ЩӾԼ͸췽ŴӦ飬ôĿѾˣЩɲء
Ϊ˵ϰߣȴ
˵ȷʵһĽס
ҥͷ
ˡ
ûнȫߣֻǵֵʮӳֻЩʣµģһæ
ţʣʲôæ
ͷһЩزǿأ̵ܸľͿԡҥҴһ£ʱҳʱȥȻ󽫵ˡ
ͷڹٸ޷ͷԶǼɢĴ䣬õز鷳
춨ؿһ漴ͷá
ҥһУûоܾ飬ȴֽ󲿷ʲͶ뵽ͷߡ
ⲻһҲһŶ裬ԽŽҪĶͷʢá
ѸٶԼ֮ҥûٵ飬ֱӴž뿪ˡ
·ϣͷ壬ؼ۲ߣЩ㹻´Ƭءȵǿյ⣬Ҳܰˡ
ҥһۣЩӡʱҷһ롣
һӦǸˣɻΪΪʲô
ҥصû㣬鲢˳ͷ̯ӣһĹ͡
⡭ЩģûйϵЩ塣
ֵ㲻ģÿ컹ĹǮѾ㹻ˡ
ҥͻȻЦ
ͣ½ŲתԾ⣬ҲͣƳϡ
ÿ켸ʮͭ壬ܹӶ𣿡ҥʡ
üͷȴ벻λش
ҥ̯Ƶ⡭Ҳ֪Щļֵ룬ǳҲáǮ塯
˵һһֱĬŲߡ
һᣬֹ¸
ЩǵΪˡҲ£ұߵߣʵ
ҥ΢̧ͷֱߵб
ļֵԶֹô࡭˵
·֦ҶҡҷĿġɳɳȸţչ롣
ҥĻɢ˲Уŷһ뾣ĶĤֻܸģֻôࡣ
˺һعʱѾûͣҥºһξ롣
æӿŲСŸȥ

 33 

, ҥһҪչ̯ӣһҪЭǱߵĹæüŲմء
Ѿ㹻Ļ, ɴ֮ǰҹƳһǧҶ, м򵥵Ĺ򶼳а˴ˡ
ԭʱ, ּҴĴ񶼻ᵽҵ, ǽ꣬в˵ڴС
ܿ, ڽǮ֧£ҥԭ̯λǰ, ˽мĳ޽˳
ƬлǼªѾ˼򵥵ľ͵·滮սȵļΪ̯Ϳṩ֮
Ϊ֤, ټϳڼ, ̯ǺܿǨ˹ȥ찴ҥѰɽÿѲߺͼɨŮ̶̼, ͷűࡣ
ڽϵдҲۿɼض
ʱ䱾ֵʱ, ּ찲˿, ͷϢд, ̴ܶ·˴Ը̽·
ڽڲƺδʲôˡ
飬Ҫ˫ͬЭġ
ͷ̴ֻûнݱص̻, ֹϵעܳá
ҥ£˵ᾡȥ̻פ
ҥΪũŮⷽ࣬Ҳûţһѵе޿ɶ˹
޿ɶϴιǲɸʱʱ˶ԶͷһЩ磬޿ɶ뿪ʱлǲһ̵ġ
ҥҲּζĳʳһյҥ˵ݹȥϢ׼ϸֻˡ
ּһµСԺгţҥ㽫޿ɶУ̸¡
Ѿ۵ݸȥ޿ɶЩȣ˵ͨͷǱߵд
ҥͷ
ʣϴ㲻˵񾰿ǵľѾ౥ͣ巻ҲƻŽ̵ǳ
ƶ࣬Ը⻨Ǯ˲࣬˼ҸԣЩ
޿ɶ˼һ˵ԼĹǣǡ˵Ƚݷóȥ𣿡
ô֪أҥЦ
ͷϵ̴࣬˳Զ꽭ˮһձִܵǧ֮ĵطѰ½˿ɿϲ١
巻ľˮѾǳ죬ɱߣܽ棬۸һᰡе󣬾ԱȻ˵طҪøߡ
޿ɶͥ㲻еġ
ĻȷʵһЩͷİ飬һҲɣһȥʿ
ҥ޿ɶĻ֪û̫ϣûһҪɵĳ徢
룬ʵ󲻵ͣ巻Ҳո¶ͷ˰ɣ
šΪҵҥǣģ޿ɶӲƷЩۡ
ʤ٣ʲôɱܿɹˡҽΪĹ£´żչү޹
չ巻ˣҥ²޿ɶеġչүӦþչѵĸס
޿ɶλ󣬱̽ʵ巻СĹ°ɣ
пۺλã
ҥλȻ޿ɶĳЩõĻ䡣
ͻȻ˳߷ߵȻУ
޿ɶ֮ǰ巻гͷģҪôչ˵ģҪôģ޿ɶΪȴ˻߶մߡ
һᣬȴ巻һˮߵĹλò֡
Ҫл֮ǰҵ㡣޿ɶЩʵ̫ʹˣټһ巻۾˵Ϲûµı߽ˣǣ
ҰĽ飬Ѱ˸ڵʱ򣬴ֱںԺǲĶ˳ôһֲ
˵ߵذ°ͣ㲻֪ʱЩ˵ı飬̫ˣ
ҥ˵꣬ͬţǾͺá
޿ɶҲǱˣ֪˴϶⡣
ʵǻбĶҪң
ҥ˵ͷ
ҲĨˣֱӵҿ巻ĸҪȥûа취
ҪλϳȥԼĳ롣
ǸȲ巻дͳЩ⡣
ֻҪ޿ɶˣȻеζĲӬ
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Լĳ롭޿ɶ˼ͬ˵ͷ̴ʲôϵأ
ҥҡҡͷ
ɴ룬ܽ˵ԼУһŴ򲻵ĳ
巻һоĶԣ˭ܸǱߴϹϵ
ҥĻȫȻǷĵģȻԼ˽뷨Ҫ޿ɶԼ巻ͷߣ׳ͷơһ棬ҲΪ޿ɶǡ
޿ɶҧ´˼ǡ
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޿ɶˡ
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ʼ
һҧҸôʱֱ㣬ҵͷǱ
ҥ룬ܾйĸ϶ϣӵĵط
㲻ҽ˵Ļǣȥͷ常常棬ȰҺ̴
ȵȷˣٳȥ̸
޿ɶû˹ǣͷһã
˼գҥͷ޿ɶ常
ҥкѯʽ̴
ҥͷѾبһʱ䣬ѾǱ߽սߣЩȷʵ˽⡣
ǣ£޿ɶ常Ȼڶʱҵ̴
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޿ɶͷһˣҥָд˹Ŵ汾Եġ߻顱Ҵһ巻
常Ա߼֤һУסشҥֱⲻˣм䣬ջ
ֹｫзչѯʵ
ҥ߸еĻƱòӦɣܵõͷ߰˵
常źӵͷֵʱʲôҪģһҪ޼ұضȫ
ҥһ򵥵񣺡ڴ˴л常ˡ
常˻֣е۱㾶ֱ뿪ˡ
ԱߵУҲǰ巻ˡ
ҥһۣѯʵܳ𣿡
š°ͣչչүͲСˣЩس֮⣬й޹¾ҲչҵƤë޹ﶼ鰲źˣָܴӦ
ҥЩ
ҲǿɶĻᡣ
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ҥһ㶡
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ҥػ̯ǰ˼ҪҶĿˣֻôҴƳ˾һۣһ䣺ţ
ܿ죬ʱѮҲǵҥ˵Ҫٰʱ㡣
ҥ;⽫һƳĴֲ͵ߵСԺ
һ·˵Щ
ó󡭡Ϊʲô㻨ȥʡ
ҥ˺ü飬ֱòУֻõˣֻҪʵþУòÿʲôϵ
÷ִĺ׻ֺʲôѿģĩ˸ɴֲһ䣺ϲʱ㲻Ҫˡ
˼򣬡šһ
ڷźãҥ׼ȥһ죬ȷһЩϸڣȴ˸ɵ뿪ˡ
ҵ㶫֮ǰ㡣
ҥüͷԼȥɣȥֱ֮ӻؼȥ
ãҺܿ⳯˻֣ͬʱŲҹ
ҥӦ֪ˡ·Сġ
仰Ц۾ŲЩ
Уڲ鿴ҥЦų֡
ҥ飬֪ʮ˳
˲ȺȿڲˮɤӣֱӱʣΣ֮ڵ̻ǿɵ֪Ϣˣ
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һŽҥҸ˵ǣ̩ȻѾȷ˵ˣӻ
̩ȻУҥĥơ
ţ̩ȻǽУ漰ǳ㣬ʳס
˶Զ֧֣ҿ϶סţٲ㻹ֻǳֹ̬ȡ
ҥ˵ͷ
ͻȻʵ̩ȻôСҲ֪ôͻȻͷСط˵ǻ᲻˼룿
ͷ¿ţԽԽפ϶ĵλҡ
Ҳżǵ顣
ҥæ㣬Ҳ˵ˣ̩ȻôôЩСƽϣ
ߣ촬˷˵ķչǱȻģ˵̩ȻģҵǱĿⳤԶδ̻
Էġ
ʱע⵽ҥɹ÷գæȿڲˮɡˣЩż¹ĵĸ㣬˵Ļ֮Լĥأ㳢
ģҥʵûʲôθڣԸĺ⣬㳢顣
ôЦʵ
ҥͷţЩ˿ͨ˿ˬЩ
ǰɣҲôáЦûϲѾͷĲУ滨˼
㣬дı𣿡ҥͻȻʵ
һ㶣漴ӦȻԺԭǸһ󻧵ľߵСԺбһ
ԶһС֧˱ͱ̴ͣᡭţһЩ
ҥЦЦڲڣ
ȷ磺컹ǵóЩĶĳʳ
мؿһۣںԺúȥ
ҥӦáԱߵһСѾ߱ȥࡣ
ǣȵĺʱҥʱջһ³¯ٱ
ɫ˸հ˵ĹһۣˮһЩĲִۣǵٱ𲻴
波ζҲãǹŴֶֻܿûиߵ£ɽĥ˺һ󣬱лдĲ
ⲢӰζʢ°һٱֵùһȺʳ
ԵüֱԸߣҪǹ˼ڱ˼ңҪű
ؼҵ·ϣǶ
ڼ𣿡ҥ
ҥУּҴûб顣
ļԹǸҶûθڳԷˡ
ҥƳһۣȫĹ
ʮߵкǳʱ򣬾ڼеķֵùٷһ
ٱûСԴ𣿡ͻȻʡ
Դһʲôóʲôģʲô
ҥͻȻеԼΪʲôҪΪ밲οԼô鷳
ǽ͵ǡĴǣľǩӰѶ
˵˵ţͻȻⶫʺ
ǰʱ䣬ԺеѾ죬һæ׼ͷ飬תͷͰˡ
ҪԴÿó
ߵľ⻹ੲݣҥѾ¶˾ģţһȥоһ°ɡҪЩָȥӦҲʲô򡣡
һͷĵһģժһ䲻֪Сۼֿ嵽ҥͷϡ
һֱЩСȴѵóɹ˿̼ҥСĪ
ҥ״ԭĻﲻ֪ΪΣҲ˿С
˲˵ӭϦиϡ

ʱѮͷҥԸӭֵʱ
Ѿٹİ̯פ˸̷Щ˲֪ܴãǵĳΪͷעһµĻ
ҥĵĻǣ಻ͷΨŮ̯бһ׾Ƶģƹľ˵ǸһСĹѸ
ͷϣѶ̻ǼһţƮ̯
ҥæýŲմأڶձѽʤţһ̯ǰæ
һ̯λԭһһ𣬳ԭȵĺҶ֮⣬⼸ܾ⻶ӭԴ
ÿջؾһģһ㶼󣬿ǶһһѵãϲҥƷߵġ
ٱҲܵ˵ϲһһıԺӵķԴԴ͹һֱǹӦ״̬
һֱʱȺ΢ɢ˿ȥ
ȥˮ׼ϴһ̯λҥСʰ¯Ρ
ǴĶĸɸɾһ㶼ûʣ£ʣʰĹ
ҥʰúҶǩһЩװãָĵطȥ
;УԶԶںһİ˵Ż
ǳܿͷעӣؿ֡
ţЩɻ󣺡СˣС˭
һۣ˼СڵĶҡ
ţͶղˡ
һֱֵžϵ·һֱΪʹ𣿡
㲻ҥ߹æ򷢵ˣ뿪ɣǵҵǱ߻ҪٶţӶҪˣ֪
үǱߡѾüƢˡţץץͷĲȥ
Ҫǻȥ˾ͳˣĿұͷӽ𣿡һ̯̩ȻǱ߲æ𣿿߿ߣ
ҥߵýˣţҲȰֱתͷ뿪ˡˮҥӭȥ
ôˣѯʡ
ҳ㶫ҥ
ʣ˭ʶ𣿡
ܵšղǡˣ䣬ҳͷϢûˡ
ҥߣȻȥɣ˵ͷɽ˺ü׮⡣Ǹ֮ǰᵽʲô̩ȻУƺ
סԶɽһֱӭϦߵͷ

 34 

, ɫĺŴֲڵġӭ̴ͣꡱ֣Żվ·š
Ⲽʣ˵, ֻģ湻ªġһ, ˵
վԱߵЦŸ͵ɲ, ªҲмªĺôʮˡ
ˣ뵱Ჽ, ֱǰߣĴмֵ, Ҳֶ֪ʲôã
߸ϣʵǹҸܿ˿أȻʶ, Ҳоη֮ģʹ֪˵ʲô˼Ҳöڲͬ
ߵĻȷʵЩȴԸԼ֮ǰ, ĬŲٿڡ
̯ܵ, ߸һ̤룬ͱư͵ƿ׾ơ
ƵιѸ, ˿ʵλ͹٣Ҳһƿ𣿡
ü, ʵһŮ, Ȼͷ¶, ɷҲ𣿡
ѸһĻֱӷ˸ۡ
ʧ£һתһߵɷˡҲͷ¶棬𣿡
Ŀ¶ģһ˦Ҫֱ뿪
æס, ƴ𰡣Ÿչء
ͨŮӵĹҲ࣬ԭ鴫
ɺͳԼӣ߿
ϣͳʲôϵԼ׾ƣߣЩʵҲ̴öûˣŮ˾ҪԼ·Ү㿴ǰһƵСӡšŻͦᡣ
벻ԸŮӴ򽻵Ҫܿȴֱ˹ȥ
Сͷ¶಻ףǶչչ˼ҵ⣬ǲſջؼ
̯ǰŷСҪ˼չ⡣
ЩªС̯ǰȴĴų˳һУÿ˶۰Ͱͳǰš
벻Ŷӣߵȴȫû٣Ӳյ˶ǰͷ
׼ҸʣȴͻȻһСסˡ
ʤԭŶУͻȻعءģ˹
ҪĻ뵽Ŷӡʾ
װһίģСүүʹŲи㣬ռ𣿡
ԭΪεС±ضᣬû뵽ʤȴг㡣
ҥ֮ǰĽ̵ҿԸһӣԱߵȴҾͽ𣿡
ЩΪѣû˵ȲͷˣǾôô鷳
ٴ䣬ʾҪҷƢ
ʤ˵ţٿǲŶӣҲԣɡ
˴̯λŴ̨ȡһͷֺõĴ
Ŷͨһݴлģλʲô𣿡
еǩϳһЩˣʵĶࡣ
һģΪЩƴֲ֣ԸعĿˡ
߶ˣߺЦЦ
ӻͳһСӣݸʤǮʡŶӵʱ䣬ֵˡСˡ
ʤõһִֹԳ˰ϲЦտ˵˼伪黰һ˷ܵܿˡ
߿ıӰЦ˭˵ɽˮģҿ˽ܵ顣
Ա߲мƲƲ졣
߼״չȥʣô˵Ĳмǰģ
Ų˵˱עŵǴϡ
һŴϹŵ裬˼ףϱ߼ֳʳͦģû뵽ҲС
Уһóԣ
ԭȤģЩ죺ҲϴԹٺöİɣ
һⶫܺóԣ
õһش洮һ鶹Ƭ
УԭֻԸʣȴŨζ
Ƭûʲôζʤе֭ˮд΢ղܡ
ټԴģʺԣˬζһʱ֮侹Եͣ
ȵǻعѾտҲͽСǩ
ԹؿһۣӴ˭һʼ˵óԵģڱҺãԵñ򵥵˻ࡣ
治ɫغһˮתʤԹԸǮһ롣
ʤԭΪǲŶӿǲ˳ۣʱ۷ǵĺ֮£Цüۡ
ѶҪ뿪ʱ߽סͷ顣
ʤҲ⼸űҥйæɶҲ֪
𴮴ʱ˴𰸣ָҥ˵
ӴСԼĥ˰˲á߿޵
ʤЩŤ󣺡ţǺܲ
𣿡߶
ǡʤҡͷ
Ը˵תֱˡ
ҲǿĿ뿪󣬺һ˵ڶ봮ͷ
ջһʱҥС̯ߡ
Ա;ˣ
ʲô߷ʣҴԶͷһ·Ѳˡ
Ҳ˵ѵ徻̯ȥ
ָչȥʱҥżкڳԶй˿ţչȥк
߸ɴཫ̯϶˸飬˸λżɽѯҥС䷽
䷽ҥһ㶡
ԡߵͷͷĶóԣҪ䷽ȥ̣Сϰ㿪ۣ
֮ǰȷʵ̴ɹʳõĶǳƷûҪӡ
ҥҲ˼һ
ʼǮķӺͱ˲һԼҪ󡣡
ʲôҪ󣿡ʡ
ҥҿԽ֭䷽ЩӶ㣬ⲻǡ㡮ˡ
㽫ӿһԣùּҵš
ȻЩɻ󣬵²׷ʵ֪ЩӶзֵ꣬ƼҸ㣬鲼ݡ
Щɢڸصĵ꣬ƼҵĵӿģƼһ˼𣿡
Ҳǡҥ
ִͨҵһ׼˵ĲԣǰȻûǴʱ𣬽һЩڹŴԲߵ޳ٽһЩҪļӽ㽫˵ˡ
Ƴʲôʽĳʳֵ֪ͨ꣬һֱﹺҪİƷȥӹҲ˽ԸĶ䷽
ƴ˵һѣҲ˵ԸȣһؼһȻˡ
Щͷһ䷽飬ܲܣܾͲܣ鷳
Ȿͱⲻ鷳ҥػصңλȻ⣬ȻҪҵĹ򡣡
æץסתͷҥС㷽˵Ҵ󶼼ˣĿǰҲûʲôԽܵ顣
ٺ٣ֻ⣬ʲôˡģʽ棬Ч²ǱƼһҪˡ
ǹƷƵḶ́Ҳҥϣģûбܻ䣬ֱӵ˵ͷ
߱㲻ѯʣ˶һ䣺һʱ㵽ʱ׼ͬ
ҥ˵ͷ߱뿪
֮ҥ뾣˵һ£ʣ׼նٷã
ҥϼһ£ڼ˵ĻȡʮӣǼ۸
ʤǰһĻ˵㶼Ҫ̯ڼоʳͿԵʮӷɽ
һĶͷñѧʻá
ʣǵһʫд𣿡
ʤˣ˵ᡭ
ûˣȥϰҪ
ʤϣֽ˾
ҥ뾣˵ȥͻȻ̯λǰһˣҥ֮ǰʶһˡ
ף㣬㲻ֹ𣿡üĿվ̫º
ҥȥüͷչӣ

 35 

ҵġչһߺˮһҥ˵, ˵ͷֵúܣ฻˹֣ǽҲѧϰһ¡
ҥ˵ͷ
ΪչѶһʳ, ̫ô, Ҳڴʱ
֮ǰҥŻǮкʱ, չѶԮ֣˳, ڴвܽǣҲչѴк, 巻޿ɶѧϰʣµľ֮׮׵
չѵĶ, ҥһֱϡ
棬չԿһұ뵽ԼѰ㶫ģҲ֪ŵһ·ˡ֪ľߵˡ
ҥȻͷŸտʼ, Ϥȷʵ·
һԶջķ, عͷѶ꣬ȥɡ
չ͵صͷ
һԳ극ľ˹
ҥ˽չѵ֮, üۡ
չѱòڣѯҥ, λǣ
ҵһԶסҥŵĻԵ, , һͷӪӡ
ԭչѳž˵ͷЦŶãͿһõ̯ӣ
֮ǰ㲻ܽ, Ҫء
ܽǣץסеĹؼʣҥ
ҥԸǰ£Ҫǲߵͽš
չ£ܵĶһġԱ𣿡
չѽһ꣬˼ˣʵұͲġ
ҥЦЦȡ̨ߵһɡȻˣؿջɡ
æ̫ģܳȥһҪˡ
̯ûʲô£չӹȥɡ
ҥֲܾҿջǱ˶ӵģҪʲô£ҲðչӦһ
ΪӣȷʵЩҥ룬ͷӦ
ǾɡչѻŵĿջ
˷£Ȼڣһ·ϣĨǵؽҥܽǵչѿд̽˳
չ˼ûԼ˻һ·ϻסؿ޵ֹŮӵϸ˼Ӱ۲ĵ־
ͷڴ˴⣬Ҳˡ
һɵģǰżһ㣬Ķ
ףչѲֹͬȻϲЦΪʮֹǫ񣬱˶Ҫᣬôأ
Ƴһۡ
ͻȻչҥˣǾת˻⣬һչѽܽϵ̴һ̽չҵ
չ֪Ĳ࣬ƫƫȨСھĺ£Լɾ
ȵص̯ϵʱҥչѻȥ飬ͷЩĲɡ
ôˣҥ΢üչүһ֮󣬱Щ˼ġ
ĶڵŻǱߵ£֮ǰҥĺüκ
ʱҥŪûû¡
ҥȴš
ǰ̽̽Ķͷ
ԱһԼϵ¶ȣ˿ţӦû
һЩЩˡ
ֲԸ˺󣬱ֱͦͦվԭأңأģĻô
ҥԭѾģȴ𽥱ͨ졣
Щȷˣ˴ʵûȥϢһ°ɡ
ŷԼ̵þˡ
ԭһģһ仰˵ֻʵض㵽ȥˡ
̯ǰֽʰĽڣ̩ܵȻͷפ㸽
ţ˰ţ棬ҪȰ˵ؼңͱϡ
ǵŻʲôǮУʲô·⿪żɽ֪̽𣿡
ţһ㶣漴˵ͷ
ʵСͼŻˡ
šü
תü죬ţôһ˵̾ˡ
֮ǰһֱ֮ΨһһνǾȥһΡȷϵԵʱȺ˳ͻˣϵ
ԡţ϶˵ɣʱײǸŻ
°ͣԭŻŵý
ӲˡţҪ֪Сݣùȥͷˡ
˵꣬ɻôͻȻϢ
ţ²⣺ˣ
ȷʵˡѾõԼҪϢӣ׼뿪
ţһ֣С˿Ҫæ
룺ڳлᣬæһǮеĵϸɡ
֪ǻ˿ڵп϶ɾ
ţӦ£áġ
ˣС˻֡
֮ǰһڱ˷֮ǰҴ뿪ˡ
ҥк϶ֱӻؼҡ

ԺչѱҥСӣÿնҪ˹
һҥ̯ϵĶȷʵóԣܶθڣһ棬̸ʲôĸûʲôȤͷҲڸ׵ӣҥתơ
ö̯֮ϳ˾⣬˶ʼϲɵǮ࣬ûʲôӵĸҹӡ
ⲻϲǾչӸͼ
ѹΣҪҥչѱ־룬ҥûзϣҪ롣
޷ֻȥ˵ʤӣͼԼͬˡ
ʤҲúŪ
ߵŽչ͵͵Сѣʵͼ
չӼôǮͼʲô
Ŵ˵Ϊʲô³Ҿ϶вԾ
²վסţʤطһۡ
룬ʤصǰ㲻ǽһӣ˵зԷ
ҿԼйŻչҲáӴۣ
û˵꣬ͽоһ
ۼˣҲûʲô˵ˣֻһĬĬ
ֹ˼ա
Ѿʱ֣ԭձչѽȻûг֣鶼ࡣ
Ųɵɽ裬ͻȻԶһϤӰ
֮ǰչѿе֪ҥǮ۸飬б
µţȥǮе飬Ǿ¼ãõץסǵİѱٴӳ顣
û뵽ǣŻֱӳͷ֮ϡ
ͷҥĲ߻ս٣˽̻֮Ŀ⣬ŻҲʲô顣
Ϊ֮ǰŻ⻹ģʱŻԶƺʲô̸⣬ҥھߣһ㶼û״
Ӵһ֮󣬱Ӧȥȡ۵ľЩۣҥȥá
ͷ˶࣬ǱµĻҲࡣЩ׼õĶȫŵ̯ռطһֻȷ֮ǰԺУȵ̯ϵĶĵò࣬ȥȡ
·̲ԶǾЩȵĻ
Щһȥɣҷź˵ҲҪȥö顣
ҥԵ˵ͷá
ȫ˾⼸䣬ҸյϢһ£ҵԱ̯λϵ࣬Ժӵķߡ
һĿ뿪һ۽עŻǱߵĶ
ȵҥӰٿŻǱҲ̸ˣϱȥ
룬ͻȻְԱ߷ŴĽʤ˹
ҴŽʤȥ㶫Ǽ̯ӡ⳯ʲô˵飬͵ҽǰæ
װ̿ļ̌ͷһá
ûй˼ɣֱӴŽʤ뿪
ʤڹ˷ܵظžԽԽԶ̯λź֪ʵ硭ҪȥĶ
ʱѾͷϱߵȻˣ֮֮ǰĵطѾࡣ
֪ŻǱƢǶŽʤţǰǸӱֵûУ
ʤͷţǸ𡭡Ͳǡ
ʤ֮ǰеġŻ֣ԶԶҪܿĶˡ
ļ򣺡ƢеĻҪţܹȥݺײһ£ȻսұСӡ
Ӧ㡣
ʤˡ
һڿˮɣҪﰡҪ
εһͷ
ɣǡʤЩԥ
ûʲôǵģ㾣磬ˣһԴʮ˵һ䣬ⲻͣ첽Ⱥʧǰ
ʤһԭأͻȻһҧǰȥ
Żԭö˶·ͻȻײһ¡
ûվȣͼײСͷԼ˸һˡ
ŻŭɶֱӴԵС׷˹ȥ
ɵȵβŽʤ֮ȴûҵˡ
Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻǰһڣǱ˵ͷһ
ۼֿ죬ŻǸСͷס֮ٲԥȽɨڵأʩչȭű
ʤӲðͷԥؿ
˸ƣʶȤصӿǱߡ
ˣû˹˼ɡ
ŻһϢû˷֮󣬱
ٸᣬ´үүֱӽ㶪Զ꽭ȥι㡣ѹݺв
Żͷתæͷǡ
ҲûŪҳ֮󣬱ֹ˳ȥ
ŻԭµҪھת뿪ʱȴƳϴֲڵĲЬ
űʱȷʵˡЩҲЩǮͷĿµආܴһ˫۵ĲЬ
װһʱ֮ͷԣһʱ䣬ǧͷŻ
ȵ¹еعƿͷϵʱŻڻعݺһ˶Էϡ
ûõķҪʲôãצආйŭ
µȻҲ˴򣬵ûʲôȤȭͷŻкģܵŻ٣ҲʲôԵơ
ŻԼ˵ֱۣµĲǿվ
硭¶ʵǽô죿ǲǽֵǶйΪ𣿡
Żһ£Ӹ˵˶ٴˣҪ£Էǰɣ
˵ˣ㿴ղ˳ʲôģ𣿡
ҡͷǣҷҽݣȴһ˿ڡ
Żٴһ
ǶɵƵСûģֱӵͷߣȨǲǸǣ
µͷǡ
ǣãŻͷ˿ڣȥĵϱӵҪܸʲô˵
˹ǰŻڵԺȥ
һߣ֪飬鳩ؽŻ뽭ʤ˵˵
ŶԭƵҥùòҽǣȷʵô򣡡ʤ˲뾣ͬôң֪ҵʱҲȥһˡ
Ҿ¸˵ˣС嶯¡
Ųءʤͷ
˲ص̯ϣѯ֪һ
֣ùûû𣿡ûҵҥһ䡣
ͷţûء
ͻȻЩġ
׼ԺǱҹȥȴȻҥŮһ߸չ˵Цһ߳߹
ԭ鶸Ȼֵ
ʤȴĵòУӭȥ˳Žӹ
չѹЦǺ뾣к
ľôÿն̫𣿡
չһ㶣漴ЩεӦҲ֪Ҳ˸׵
û˵Щ秵Ļ˻ֱ߿ˣ˳ҥһϣ̯ǰȥŸɻ
תͷǰչĬĬһۣƺ˴˶״˷塣
һգչѹ˵һ˰
ҥ׼̯ʱԱƳһӡ
ȥѯȴ֪һϢ
ͷˣҵǱȥҥüͷһ飬༸ȷϡ
ǵصͷǣҽȲҪȥȥԺӴһ
ҥоʮ֣⡭ͷˣΪʲôѰǱȥ
ҲԱ߹ŵСѾߵƺЩ˷Ҫű飬ô
ͬʱҲ˵ûʲô⣬һϾܽ
ҥ˵ͷ༸䣬ȥʰԼ̯ˡ
ûŵϣǵڶʱȻûг̯
׬Ǯǳºü֣Լ̯Ҳǲ˵ؾ͹صġ
ҥ飬нǡ
һʱңʵסˣſٵʱ˵ˣԼڵȥǱ߿
ҥ˵ĻŻϵоѾ˴𰸡
ΪŻ˿ͷӦúµ߻ȥ󼯽˹ѰֻҪǸаٰһ顣
ȫû뵽£ŻȻⷢӣȥǱߡ
ʱҥҪȥ鿴չȥ
ҥסܽġ
˵ˣһŮӣȥҲﲻʲôæȥҪҪܣҲܳ
ҥȴҡҡͷ
ͷչؼʱЩ˳Ҫͷ߷һ
Ϊ˴û˵̵ȴûʲô顣ԷҪıͷ棬ôùȥ⡣
⼱òУֲұֳȰ˺ü䣬ҥûнܡ
ҥҪȥʵڱﲻס˵治ܹȥʵɣǱߵˣʮŻǼһ
ҪǼ㣬ָӲʰ
Żҥһʱסˡ
ⷬϢʵ̫ˣһʱ֮Ҳ֪ѯôʶŻ˽Ϊ֪Ǳߵ˾Ż
ʱǰһҲˡ
㡭Żİɣҥüʡ
Ҳˡ
˵ͷԣҶ֡ˡ
ҥŭЦö˶˵ȥʲôΪ˼թּǳƽʱ˻Լȱˣۿռ϶Ըưոݡ
ԽԽȷǱߵ鲻ˡ
Щżһȳ˿Ż
ҳҥһӣҪҳʲôҳķʽɷｫ˴˲𣿡
ҥȻҲŻִʱҲûϾҵԼűŻѹƣֻҪ׳Լȴδˡ
ʹŻȷʵʲôˣҥԼģû˽µĳԹҪ㡣
ھ飬һӦǷŭ
ֶأ粵˵ˣһôˣ´Ҽ
ҥεǡ
ⷬĻоԼ޷
Щ˼룬һģⱣεͷӦؾίҪ˳
֮£ҥʶԼĳԲںһʱĵʧҪһΪųԶԺ롣
޷ܾڶʱڣҲļƽϡ
Ĭһ̾һһǵùȥһעܹŻˣĸȥϢ
վãȥ
ҥһۣûоܾšҲע⣬¶ˡ
İɣ翼ǵˡΪҥѾΪֵˣҫҴʱ򣬾ûҵ
Ľʤձڼӣûиͷ
ҥҡҡͷ
Ҫȴ䲻ײֵҳʳչѡ
չѼҥɫȻȻѯ
ⱾͲϲҲûаĴ㣬ҥȴһ뵽ʲôץסչѵ䡣
չӣмæ
չѵͷЦţǡпաʲôҪҰֵģ
ҥ
˵ţչǱߡ
·ϣ򵥼䣬ŻȥΪչ˵ˡ
չ֪ҥŻľԹģҲߣ겻ɢ
ţֹҪʲô
Ż죬ȴҲɵչҵҥʲôֻҪᵽΪסӾˡ
չºһᱨ
չѻӻ֣ʲôæû£㿴Űɡ
˵꣬ͦſ˾һۣǹŵĻȡ

 36 

ס, ܿſڵİƫ˽ȥ
ɽ֪Ϣ˹ҥ˽һ, ֪Żʹ츮Ͼ, ˼Ƭ, 뵽ƾ֮ɽ
ɽмسһ֣ű㰴ķԸ, չķߡ
ҥ;˲棬һƫԺȴ
ʱ, չѹѰǡ
ҥһ, ֪ŻȺ˱ضѾˡ
Ȼ֮Ѿ
ҥϸеķչ, ̾˿˵, Լ˰ѱ
ҥ֮ǰͷĵСŻץ, Ҫҽͷһ룬ҪҪԡǿռء, ȥø淢
ҥЦһϾõж, ȻҰֵٸȥ
ҲŹϵ顭Щ, ǵͷֱ˵ȥֵ֪ٸҲɵòٵͷֻ
ҪС, û뵽չӴˡҺչһͬϷŻΪǱչ֧ţַʵ̲ôˡ
չѳû廰õʱһصҽ»סŻء
ҥЦЦʾмйڡ
Σʱ̣ңʵڲ֪α𡣡
䣬һֱԱûʲôڸеľͻȻŵʲô֪ģ𱨴չֱ˵ɣҪǮ
Լ˵Ƭ̣ҥҪðʲôΪ֮Ļƻ
鼱֮˵ҲͦЦչһ˲֣ǮġֻżȻˣͰһ֣λǧҪϡ
ҥԵص˾һۣʾҪٿڡ
г㣬ʱ֮ǰ˵ͷҪѧϰһ˵
»Һ԰취
չѴͷˣ飬ңҾͲѧ
ҥ֪ЩûʲôȤֵܰһ̴ŵԶ꽭һʶأ
ͣͣ²ĻչүǱߡӦòᷴ԰ɣ
չ˫÷⡣
㣬˵ҵ̴Ĵȥ棬Ĵѧϰ𣿡ȷϵ
ҥЦŵͷԶ꽭ҳݡ̴Ưڽϣ˳ˮԱʶز׬ȡ
˽ΪδΪ׬Ǯҵ֮һΪչˣһǡ
鲻չѵԸ˵չү˵Ƕһ˳
˵̫еˣããչѾƲסˡ
˷ܵشվҽȥҵ˵϶ͬġ
ҥ״һˣձϵ
û˵꣬ͱϡ
ЦۣҥŰɡ
չѣǶҵģû˼ʲôʶƴ࣬չҪ齻Ұš
֪ǾŻⳡ£Ȼûҥ㲻Լ
ҥԣҲʹԸţұˡ
ͷ˿չˡЩ̵̴̳ܻ߰һˣģҪȥꡣӿɻؼ֮ȥá
չ˷ܵصͷ
ҵȻϣȥþȥãҵ϶ͬ⣬ܾȥһ¡
ЦǵһγԶʱȷʵǸպá̫ĻҪˡ
չȻͬҡ˵ǣڵѾڴ˴ɵ˲ԵĽϡ
뵽˴Ҳסҥ˺˼󣬱Ȳˡ
ûˣҥ̸¡
ɽùһʱ֮ǰҹ˷ָװ˿ջͷ˶࣬пջԱҲ١
ҽǷ˳ǡˣȿɡ
ҥԣԭͷɢЩ
׬Ǯ£ǺܸƽǳĲ졣
˵ͷӹ˱ϸ鿴ȵ꣬˱ݸʱŷӣ²ߡ
㿴𣿡ҥʡ
ҡҡͷˣһˡ
ҥصţѾ㿴ˣû⡣
˱˳𣬱һǰһ뿪˴˴׼̯λ
һ·ϣԭ˶û˵
ҥ˽ԴˣɴһȫΪģ
ԼΪҥⱻ㣬ֵҪչԼʰо֣ʧ档
˾󣬻ҥ̾һ˳Ĭ
ȥˣͱˡľֱۣ֪Ϊңʱøõİ취
Ժ飬ϣԸһ£Ҫ嶯¡
Թ߰ίؿһۡ
ûг嶯ССһ䡣
ҥЩЦҲˣ첻չѣŻǶ֪ճ
Ҳ֪Ǿ仰˵ˣԭԹ·ľͻȻתץٹͷ
һǯƵƣλҥͷž⣬һ˲
Ųš⻺ƽûչǹӸ磬յҲʲô
ҥعŤŤûѳ
ƢʱľУ˴ӲĺӣȨĳԣſܵĹԡ
˱ۣҥ㡣
һ仰ܺõذסըëСӣϵһһ㱻ȡ
ûз֣ôһ䣺˵ұȽչҹӸȽ
ҥ˸ۣÿŵһֻȥ
۴ܣ޸֮϶
ش𲢲⣺Ǳأ
ģҥװģұ㲻֪ˣչཻ
˵ⲻŭЦãͦõġ
ҥû֣ǰߡ
⿪Ĺ֮ǰ⡣
׷ҥʼ߶߶ǲ룬۶ұ㲻СˣҲǶټҡǡˣչѹӸ翴Ҳϲӡ
šˣûҸߣû׳ҲûҺÿУ϶Ҳң㲻Ǳҵĸҥš
ҥһȫûҪͣڵ˼ס˶䣬ͣͣͣ˵ˡ
Ϊþٳ֣ϵţҲ㣬ƤҲ㣬㡣
Զ˵еı壬Ҫصͷ֪ͺã
ҥҡҡͷεظпһ䣺ʲô˼ң̳ܽ˫ȫͨȴԹ˵Ϲˣ
һ㶡
ҥΪԸⰲˣ·
Ƭ̣׷ĽŲ
֪𣿡⿪ʵ
ҥ֮ǰԼһʱʵǸ⡣
ոֻȤ˳ھһ䣬û뵽˿̾һ֮ƺ̼䣬һɫ
Ǹһĳ̶ȣ˭Ը̽Ѱһ˵Ĺȥ˭Ըһʰģ
뵽ҥ򵥵Ƿⶼ޷ش
ڴʱѾճ徲լԺ·ߵ˶̯λҲңң
ҥ˦˦ͷһ䡰ȥ㵱Ȱ˳ȥ
ȴˡ˫ִԺֺ֪Եޱȷɡ
۾ȴһֱǰŮ

 37 

֮, չѵǴ鶨
չҵޱȱӣչܿóǵ֪Ϣĵڶ, Ըϵͷ˽
, չүֻԸչѳȥʮ, չԲԸ⡣
ƽ⣬״˵ԼʶݼҵĽƴƴĴֻڼպ󵽴ﶫ, һ·򶫣һٷ
ƴǱ, ҥһμʱߵǸӡ
չүǸˣȻ˵ƴ, ԥ˺һҲȷʵöżʶǿͬ
չѸ˵òУͻظʰȥˡ
Ҳֵø, չѲ뿪һ, ΪҪ׼ǴѾûгͷ
̯û˸û¾ͻҥ, Լϵļһ⼸ɻ
û뵽, չһγ, ȴһĵͷȡ
չѵǴǰ, ڰźһˣִСҥ
ûһС˴ȥԼһλϷ
ʱ߷ڹȥִŻҥ̸, ǹ˸ҥһЪϢ
չԱߣûһĵչӣվҪǴˣг϶ĵýɡ
չѳѺһЦͷȷʵֱգ߶һȥ̫ء
ĸڣԶΡĲسԼҲûĴ죬֮Ҳö˼ˡ
仰Ǳ̨ʾǰʾչѣ֮Ҳû¾ͷϹˡ
չҲ֪ûе⣬ֻһͷ˵ǡ
±ˣش˸ڡ
ֹһæµҥǱ˼ݵٱָæĺӣ볯չѺ;λ
Ѷݸֹæľ⣬ҥչһЦչϾҪǴ뿪ˣҲûʲôΪеģԷݱ㣬Ȩһ⡣
ϵٱչǰһţֵϣ;˳ƽ
ллչѻϲؿ
ѵУ˱߳ٱ
ʢģȵҥЩ֣æµʱ̫һͣҪ¡
ʱЪϢϱĴ̼ŵĺ鿪ʼðòھ׼õĺһ
ͷ̧ۼ䣬󲻾¶¶һĨϸ͸ɫѪܵӨס
չԭҥ棬ĳŶͻȻͱҥסߡǲˣרĶҥ
ҥĿ⣬̫Ȼؽִ࣬赲סչѵעӡ
չӣЩ֣ô𣿡
չԣͻȻûͷûðһ䣺ҥҪҳװɡ
ҥ˻ûʲôӦмľͻȻǺţҵؿ
˵ע˹ȥţֹס˿Ժ󣬱ŭɶصչѣ˵ʲôƨ
˫ֶ߬ȭͷǹ˼Աߵҥ˵ĳ嶯
չȻһû
ҥҥ㿼һ°ɣҷǾ仰ǳģʲôЦ֮ԡ
ҥҲӦˡ
½ǣʾҪӦȣѯʵչӡţһ£Ϊʲô뷨𣿡
𣿡չץץͷǳر𰡣ҼŮӶϲ˵Ȣ޵ȢͣҾӵģ
ҥƫƫͷתʵݲ⣬ã֪뷨ǻӦ𣿡
չһ㶡
ȻҲܲųԼҵʲô뷨
˼һȴ˸еİ취ޣǿ϶ͬģһͨ
仰û˵꣬һӡ
һΣֱͣӾչѵӰ
ңЦչٷ֮λ䲻Ȼ檣
ҥæסֱۣ嶯
ŤͷҧƺȨʲô
һ֮ŲʲԸ˷ˡ
չһŵڣȴ
ҵ뷨д𣿡ʾ⣬Ҳ֪ҥܺãȴҪſæЩݵ֡
ҵңپͲؾЩֻҪڷ˱ķҡ˰ѱʳ˵ߡ
֪Ҳҥ˼ҲÿԼݣܸʲô
ԴҥչûֹǿƵһ棬Ⲣ֪Լݵλ
չھһ˼ңŵݣҲŵϺţͨũŮӣܵõǾһ죬ȸ˵
ȻЩ޷ܸ׵Ḷ́ܽһֱЩģԲŻҥ׵Ҫ
һΣҥۼֿ죬ھⱩ֮ǰס
˸Ȧм䣬˫ס˾ֱۡ
Ȼֹ˾⣬ǰ
չүסһͷתͷɴؾܾչѣԲˡҲܴӦ㡣
չѲȡ
ʵʱ򣬾ԼԼоԼᱻܾ
ǲģҥΪʲô
ҥ˹ǣ˵Ȣ޵ȢͣžһǸͻݵӡʵǵģⲻ˵ҵı£гƵ֡ͻݡʵҲףþԲҡ
չѵ˺кͽܵĴͻԾܾõҲȴԭ
չ򴽣ɣǣⲢⰡ˵ҿҼԼϲĹҾϲ㣬ҪõҲ𣿡
ڵܿ𣿡ҥ̾һ
漴ҡҡͷҲôá
¿ͷѣҵĵһµȻҪΪҲࡣ෴ÿֻҹڵ²鿴˱ԼĻۣҾ쳣㡣
˶٣ʣǣչأ
ǸδеԼһܲڰɡչǴ˼ңұضҲع涨
ʱȻڣȴһݱ㶼Ҫ£׼ȥ򡭡
˵ţĿ˻û꣬ȴһٱ˵˾Цҿеˡ
չǿ˳ǡ
˵ʲôĿȴͻȻƳϵĴ󴬡
Ĭһ˵öԡ
λϣĻҪ϶ȥþȥãȫƾԼϲðɣ
ҥĿƹȥûлӦ
չȴѾԼó˴𰸣ңű㸻󣬵ѡȨٵöࡣ
ʵܻõǮҵģұˡ
ҥҡҡͷǵġ
չĿɽֻҪʲôõĪġ
չѰ˰֣㲻ðοң֪ġ
˵Ҳ˷׵飬ǰֿʼ
ҥ򱻾ԶһϣչԶԶ
һչѳ궫СҲ飬˻
뿪ʱˡ
һΣûֱߣҥǰһ䣺˵һҲܹԼ㣬᲻Ը⡭
ʱ϶һ۽ˡҥû˵ܵ˼ѾԲ
չЦЦǵʱ㡣
˵ţҥ;˻֣ٲͣСһ뿪ˡ

 38 

չ, ҥҲͰ鵱һ־磬׵Ժ
Ȼ
춼һϲߵʤ̫ҿ
ҥЩͷ, »̫, Ҳ޷Ρ
ܿ, ʱ䵽չѵǴһա
ȷʵģչѰŵҴͬһ, ͣͷĴֻҪΰ࣬էһȥ, һƶ
ҴƴϵǷǳ, ˡûг֣ǰҥæչһС
ĶӵչҶűͷߣƼҴ󴬣ʱͰࡣ
ڼ, Ϊҥһֱ䵱ߵ, ͷûչҷۼһ¶ŵ׵Խơ
, ԭǶԶķֱԼɷӵ, ͻȻðһ䣺С￴治, СʡĶˡ
չ, һ
ҥȥ֮ǰ׻ǵ𣿡
ҥŶŶǵüǵ, ΪûϺͿչѷЦҡҡͷ
»⣬ĸȴһҧ˶䣬˸ж嵭Щ
һֱԱЭҥ
ʺãҲ飬һ±˵ĶԻ˶
չҲִ֪磬ûչǰЩǷ˼ֻǵؿҥѾþǳ
ߣչѵǴǰһ̣չ˻⽫ҥеǰָһ
ҥյⶫʮֲ˼
֣ܵˣЩҸģ˴񡣡
úӣҪܾչȴûôôȥչǻСӵ£Ҿǵϲء
ҥ˵ʲô˹м䡣
ҥ϶Ѿ׵ˣչӿԵǴˡ
ҥԣĻתƿ⣺ţ֪ˡ
һչ׼ѯʵˣȥżæһ°ɡ
ϾԼҶӵҪһΣչעȻתϣ˵ͷԶԣЩˡ
û֣ҥļ
չѺ˵棬Щǵشҥߵһߣҥҹһ£лͬ˵
˺ôܣҥЩڡ
Ҳô˳״չѵͷǹ˳شھ⻳УԼߡ
չѿ˵ĻзǳζϾû˵ʲôֻšüԶȥ
չ˾վԱߣײ˶ӵ˼
ſһҥ;ıӰ֪ʵѶʲôأ
չջĿ⣬һЦûûʲô
չ˸ɴվǰߡ
ԭ׼Ǹһ˫صСء
չЩġ
չȴ̸£ֱ۶ϲʵأǵһγԶţһпɶҪ
һ·ϣʲô鶼Сȥ죬ҽƴǧҪǿ
ЩǵĸѾ˵ǧٱ飬չѵĶ䶼Ҫˡ
չѻǵ˵ͷ߶ꡣ
麣ʱ򣬴ֻۣϴµ˸һƬˮңң˭ҲԸ뿪
һֱֻһȭͷСĵ㣬ʲôˣչҶϲջĿ⡣
ҥɺɺٵлʰŶ뿪ͷ
ˡУ˸
ҥͷȥɣʤǼӿ̯ӣҲ֪ܲӦ
㲻ҲǺһ䡣
סҥӣôæδ÷ȲŻȥҴȥԵ㶫
ҥ˶١
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷص̯ǱЩˡ
̯ӾûճԷˡⲻͬ⣬ٳһٵܲˡ
ҥ˸еķӣǰǼЩӴȥ԰ɣҲԳζ
Эţ߰ɡ
˫ֱԺҥһԼ֮Уǳʡ
ҥҲûע⵽Ŀ⣬ֻһֱֱͦȨûз֡
ôʲôչˣҲȫˣһǰյƲ֣ضҥ
ҥͷһۣʲôʱˣ㵹ǻĥ
ǵȻͷǵӳأȴĥĥ㲻ϰҡ
ҥɫЩ졣
ٻӦӿŲǰС
Ҳظ˹ȥ
ΪӻƳϲ֣ҥķ˵ĹϵѸٲչѲĻᡣ
ȻûйĴ㡣
˰ӣͷ̯λߵʱڰ·Ͼһҳӵ
˶һۣ˲Ծʱ˲࣬ʼ
ȵýˣҥſһȺ˾ۼԼҵ̯λǰ
ȻǿɲģΪһȺΪһòȴӡŻ
ʱŻһƷӣֺضԱҪǰֹ˵ŻǾǮеĶңҿ˭Ҵ򣡡
Χ˴Ϊ⣬ҥϵõ̯Żµĺݻ׷׿ʼǰ
ҥȺŻǰŻҪʲô
ΪŻǳģû뵽ŻȻһ㶡
һ֮ŻŻعζ˵ǡּҡ̯λСӵģ
˵ţһЦãûҴûҴүү˾ɣǾ³ɺһ˽ˣ
Żԭȸ֪ҥ顣
֪չҵͷϢǴ˹һչүһͷߵ顣
Ϊϴαۣһΰʮֵܶ˹
ͷ̫չǱߣǱڰ̯мǻ
һǻˣȻ˽ʤ
⽫˵СбľǽʤŻԽʤӡ󣬵±㲻ܲ˵طŭ
ҥ֮ǰѾ뽭ʤꡣ
ûܴӽĽʤʳֺϢŻԼ˶࣬Ѿ׼̯ӡ
ھҥؼʱ˻
ֱֻ𣿡Լֽ̯λһƬǽ壬ҥŭѾǹ˿־塣
ѻڵİӷŵǫ̃ϣšü󾯸ٸһλᣬһ⳥͵Ǹ飬㲻ҪҲˡ
ִơ˼άҥµĵһӦ˽ˡ
ŻķӦܳʵʲô˵ЦɶҪ⳥͵Ǹ
ЦУˣӲҪ̯ӣҪȣ˭˵ʹ
˵䣬عͷкµֱֵӿϣȴһϡ
ܺãס˵Ļ˭ʹԼȭͷһһ˵
Ż󱳶ʱһ
ݺͷڼ֮ǰϻв˿δȬʹȷǲǾǵʱֵˣɸоһûɵĿ־塣
ܿ춨
ͷһۣԼ¶£ԼŻоĪ
˿ڿˮ漴һڣžҺүү׼ǣ䵥Ŀɲҡ
˶ˡ
ٷϻ
֮ǰתͷԽʤǱ˵һ䣺ǹҥʵڲоͺҡ
䣬ֱӳȭֱŻŶȥ
սʹ˿ʼ
ȷʵǿȺһʮɲ·硣
ţսҥǱߣмϵСආܵսԵŻҥǱȥ
ʤ˾УŲӻҥǰе«έ㣬£ңԸǡ
ҥת˸ڴֵջ
ִѧһģմԽ廹ʱ򣬾ܷŵԭɩӡ
񾭹һĵѾ׳ʵֱ࣬˺ʵĲ¡
ǵ˹չ֮һѲ˽ʤȥСߣԼҲŶ
ջҵ˵ֱ䣬ƵҥҲȻ
оԼ״̬ʮ˷ܣʼƲס
һֱʵѹ̫ˣʹƽ飬Ҳһֱֶͨν
ܵȻǲȡģѾƵͷϣʵͶ·ԱƱʱŷְ취
þȫȥĹӣʽԴﵽķйá
ҥһȫĿ״̬£ŵ½ҹļСආ
۾Ǳߣࡣ
һӦΧһϵȭţһ߻оءչˡŻ
ȭȥ֮ԭŻѾߵ˿ڣ£Ҳ֪Լķ£ġ
Ķֵ̫ΰǱߡ
ɽ˴ҴҸϹûԤо¾ҥѾǿ֮ĩŻˡ
Żƨض㵽󣬻žźݻ㣬ҵš
˵һ䣬ѾŲȥˣͷҲصˡ
ɽһͷˮҲ֪ò׷ȥջǷˡ
ǰ⣺㣬û°ɣ
Ϊ˶Щȭͷû¡
˵꣬תҥߡ
ҥǸջԡ
ȴЦ
ƺҥ־ٶ۶Ǿ͡زסϲ
Ҫ£˶ˡ
ȥҥļ򣬵ҥȴɪһ¡
üͷšˣ
ҥڻع
ջһߣ˶ߵļֱۣʱ۵üͷ
ŵؽ˷ԱһûƷϣһ£ŤŻʹǵƤϻǣ˹
ҥżԾû¡Ƥˡ
⵱Ȼܱ˹ȥ
ʱ棬ҲҥӲ鿴
Ŵҥķ˱
ҥ޹Ƶؽһأװˡ
ⰲص˵ࣺû£Ҵȥ
һߣɽǰ𣿿ջǱҪĻ
ˡû˵꣬ͱϣҴҥȥС
˵ţɨһ̯λǲ̯ܰˡ˴磬鷳ｭʤʰһ̯λȻˣǻּҴ塣
ʵûգһŵл
˵Щɽҡҡͷû£ҥȥҩţͷİɡ
Ȿ㣬Ե˵ͷֽ˽ʤ䣬㱳ҥɴ뿪ˡ
뿪ֵͷ˼ϡּСҥڲŴ̧ͷ
Ҫ
ûйִǲ뵱뾣ִ
ټϾ⼸챾״̬Ͳٴ̼һ£ָҪڴ֮ͥ˵ʲô׵Ļ
ھͲһˡ
粻ģСϸûбˣҥҲù˼Щˡ
һΪ˯ȥˡţͷػش
жʮֳʵûзҥĴ㡣
ҥļ򣺡û£˵ֱֲǽţԼߡ
㵹û¡Цһ֪Ҷܣ
ҥһʱûӦе˼
֪ʶһֱǾе´󲿷ֵĹԼûйĹ
Ҳ𣿡ҥѯʣ
˵ţֻ˻ӣҪӦ÷
⡰ӴӴл
İȷʵãҥҶˡ
˵Ķˣҥ˳ſʣ𣿡
һЩҪҶұ㲻ˡ
ҥɻĿ£ٲȻһûһŲԽ㶼û˵ģ
㡭ҥЩɡ
ˡûʳͻȻԳµ
ˣҥҲŪŵαװ
ȴ·ʧȥֻĿһۣĬٷ
ҲһӿŲϡ
ԼСɽկ˹ˣЩССײƤˣܱһĴҪͨ
ûĴ㣬ҥؼҺţԼΪҥ
ҲΪѵĵط
ң԰𣿡ѯʣҵÿس̶ȡ
ʱѭŮܲ׵ԭûѪԵϵӿŮӵֱǴɡ
ҥһִ˵ȻɻЩҲòѭʱĳЩء
ȻҪǣþʲô
Ǵ򡣡ǿһ¾ĿǰݣôΣԼ⡣
ݶˣһҲ͸Ů֮ûʲôϵ
˼Цһ֮󣬴󷽵䡣
֣࿪ĲλЩۣһ¡
ҥһ
Ѫ࿪֮󣬾Լ֮ǰŵҩϸİĨϡ
һУоӷȵ˳ȥȷʵûʲô󰭣û˵ǣϢ׾ͺˡ
Ϣȥ
˵ţ˵űߡ
뿪֮ǰҥס
һ٣ȼһ𻨣ôˣ
㡭ҥûпҲһԼɣôȭţ˻֪
ִͷȥİɣҿɲ㣬оˡ
ҥҲ֪˵ġо顱ķľ顣
˶٣ֵУȥԱߵ˪̣æࡣ
ЦЦá
˵䣬ٲͣš
ҥڴϣĿķһڳ̾һ
ʱ֮ǰʤƳˡ
ھӼҶ˻طˣ˲ݲù
ҥЩߣסϻطϢ
ԭԼϢҲ֪ΪʲôžԺдЩĶ龹طܿ˯ȥ
һ˯ɲˣʱѾϼİ
ʱڵţԺг˲ûа죬ҥʶûȫԺоһ͵Ĺ¶ϯȫ
ܿ죬ű£˴˼Ĺ¼š
ûеõӦԼ˽
𣿡ѵԺҥţ漴ŵںһСѣԷˡ

 39 

Ϧ, ҥ۾
Ĭ˰Σʣ˯һ磿
˵ͷ
Сĵ֣ҥķ, ˯
, ʣֱۻ𣿡
ҥŶ˶ߵļؽ, һʹҡҡͷöˡ
ٵ飬ϴ˰, Ȼž⵽š
·ԺӵʱֽʤЩѾʰòˡʱмֻСӱŻˤƬ, ʵھȲ⻹ľͷ, ׼һ
ҥͷһ۾⣬ʮкع˹ǣڵȴ佱
ҥʲôû˵ͷš
Թ֮, ˱Ժ㶫, ּһյʧ
һΣûֹ
һҥ˯һ, ҲϢˡҲ֪ҥæЩ, ҥŻĲ
ҹĻ֮, ʵʵҥҪ, ԰һһãŻ˷䡣
һֱҹŷЩԾ
ûдĴ򣬵ⰴԼ̶ȣжϴʱӦѾӽʱˡ
ҥе͵һֱ, λεԲˡ
оЩ֣ҥſڿ̽
һŷ֣ҥڵţдֵֽѾһ㡣
ּѾǰٿѣ򶼲ҵ㡣͵ҫ£ֽϵīɫڳһ㵭մȾҥ۽ϡ
վƬ̣š
õҥĻӦ֮Žӡ
˯ʡ
ҥͷҲ̧һЩûס
ҲһʱᲽ߽ˣЩϢĺá
ҥеĶͣ
Ծڳϣվŵľ⣺˯ˡڸ㣬æһˣ˯ɡ
ֲǲ֪
˵ţһֽ
ֽϼµļƻüʣŻ飿
šҥҲûưոݵġ
㲻õͻȻ
̾˿˯ɣǮǱߵһȥġ
ҥҡҡͷͬʱüģ¸ûйϵ
ʵΣǰǱĦӺܶ鶼Ա⡣
ôûϵⲻͬĻʵ㲻֪Żϳ˽ʤԲȥ鷳ģ֪Ǹ̯ġ
˵ҵձµ
ҥһֻЦһ
֮ǰ˵öԣûȫֵ
ҥΪʶԼˣЩü䣬ֲһ䣺Ҿ͸ֱӴ¡
յߵĻҭ˻ȥҥ˸ۡ
Ϊʲôܵôɱɱ⣿̾˿
뵽оԼСûʲô˵ˣǸ˵ȥɣ룬˾ȥ˯
ȴߡһ˯ŵġ
ҥ̧֪ˣ
󷽷һͷǵȻ
ҥʱЩܡ
ʰһīѸɵֽţô죿
ͻȻվ
סҥֱۣҪˣҪ۵˯ˣҴȥɣ
棿ҥҪԼֱۣ棿
ȴܾܱЩ첻һºá
˾ߣҥ֪ԼȲҲɴߣ뿴«浽ʲôҩ
û뵽ǣȻ˺ɽһ߾Сʱ
ȵһСɽͣʱҥѾ΢΢˺
óĽݣ֭ҺĨ˵½䣬ҥк簡
ʲôҥšü
Ц˯űȻȥˡ
ҥʮ
â£ͻȻž⣬Ҳÿζֵġ
ţɴ۾
ҥһ֪ڵĵжŻ鲻ǴӮһܹģϵ޷ġ
㲻ǾˣʱƨɻؼңҲһסּҴߣҪʲôûС
㡭Ѿסˡ
ҥûڵĻᣬֱԣûʱֽҪͷܡ
ҴҶȲ㣬㲻ҪÿζǿЩĪ¡
ʲôĪ£ʡ
ҥͺñȰһҪһͺñһҪɽ
˵꣬ٵȴĻӦתҪߡ
ҹɽһƬڰï֦Ҷסˮ¹⣬о·Ͱæ
ѾûȥЩˣͷҪߡ
⵱Ȼܷһ뿪קס֡
䣬׻ռϷ裬ٴνҥǿɽƽϣǿѹɵ˵ϡ
ſңҥ
꣡㻹ء
֪ѰȰ϶ҥ˳˼·͵밡Ҫնܸɻˡ㲻ܸɻĻҿ϶Ҫڼչģ˭ȥͷ̯أ
̯ʧ˶Ҳˡ춼ܳȥɵÿˣɲʲôС¡
Ȼⷬҥ
ŬԼǣüʵҪôſϷһȥ
֪Ѿ侲㲻ѹתԱһͬ
ˣҿǰɡ
ҥһ
עŲͷĻ֮ϣߣҲΪÿ춼еҹĻʲôÿġ
ǰһֱסɽϣÿ˷£ϲܵɽǡ⽫˫ԺԹԵ˵ʱûʲô£ȥĴ١
ƺǻǰӣЦһ
ţֵһɽסɽµĴӣ࣬ȴҲűˡ
ʱɽԶˣȥҲȥˣ¾ɵݶȥ硣
ͣһ˲ҥҲû廰𣿡

ѵǻҳҹбɢڶһƬ
˼Ц
һ죬ҺһݶĥҹԲͻȻͷǱĴ̿͡
̿͡ʣҥƫͷȥ
ǵһֵģǱȥȻǡĴ̿ʵ̫ˣǼд̲ɣܵ˼
ڼ÷Ʋѣ״һݣϵĽкὣ׷˳
ʵԽǣҲô»ȥɴһֱ͵͵Ǻ棬Ҳ֪ˣ׷ߣǶɾˡ
ʡмһЩϸڣǰ˵˳ܽ㿴ǻõ𣿡
۲۵ʵ̫࣬ൽҥ֪ôﷴ
ܿ˵м
ƫͷҺһ룬ûݶǣûЩ̿ͣӦûǻġ
һǵǰôãҺܸмǡ
ҥһ㶡
һӦѯʣºҪ𣿡
ߣȴʵڿ˿ڡ
תʵš˵ôˣӦúܵɣ
ҵﰡ룬ҵӦϰ˰ɣҴСͲܹԸðŻؼҰٴķգҲҪ浽˲Żȥ
ңҺ֮ǰ͸ȥţ֪ƽ£Ҳᵣ̫ࡣ
̸ƺ˻ϻӡҥĻеʵ㻹׼ؼ𣿡
һȥˣô죿ʡ
ҥһ㶡
Ӧͷƫһߣʲôô죿
˵ԼĴ㣺ҪߣҾȥӶҲһܸɻ
˵ҥǲеġ
һһһˡ
ͻȻЩģһϰȻʹʧɽΡ
Ҿ൱һһߣѾؿˡ
ҥ
ȻЦһ뷨湻˵ġ
ҥԣ䣬ֵˣԺˡ
̾һͻȻץסҥ֡
ҥţŵԼϣڣǰǰɡ㲻ҪģһжȥģһССϣֵҹ޲ߡ
ԽԽֻ֣ͣʣ
ҥĵ¶ȣԭҶûСתͷȥ۲
ɽϵɫʱúãҹä֢Ѿ̫ء
Űɫ»ܿߵ۾˿ʮְ͡
̲סһԵҪ֣ȴֱذס
ΪѡĳͷָĻ¡
ӣҥӲҶˡ
εػعͷվ֮ǰ˵ͷ¡
ĵҹɫϣԱһһĶҲܵƣ롣
ǰһ뻹ŵ÷ʳѾ΢ÿһŽʱ䣬Լܵľ޴ѹ
մԽʱִ飬Ǹû¶ȵļҡ
ЩԭŨصɫʣϵ˰̣֮ȥ
һҹǶ𽥲԰ɴڣѾɢҪ˿ڣٲʹ
ҥƬб۾˯糱ˮû
ĺھʱ
ҥģỽûлӦתƵԼϡ
ҹɫһڿ߳Ų֪İһɽ                        
лҪ˵ܱǸһĸ¿̫ܲɡ
Ȿƪ̫µ׾ͻᣬ뿴Сɰʣʱٹ
л

 40 

ڶʱ, ҥԼѾɻ˼Ĵϡ
ЩҩǳЧŶ˶ֱۣĵطѾ, ֻʣһܵʹ
Ժ, Ѿ׼һ, ϴһּ򵥳˵㶫, ųǰͷ̯
һ·ϣҥ;żĿ⽻, ˭ûҹ顣
һ죬Żûٳ, ҥ̯
üȻؼңԼž⵽Ժݷá
ɽڵĻӣɽĻԺҥ֪϶Ѿ˵ԵǴ, Ҳû, ֱӽԼǮǱ߶Թȫг
ұΪŻھУû뵽Ӱ쵽ͷߡҥЩΡ
Ĺϵ, ϻˡȻŻ¼, ֮鷳
۲ҥı, Ҳ֪˼
ƽ, Ա֮ǰǰôŻȫĹأ
̾һЦǰˣΨͼԭȲ֪ʱ򣬾͸ҽԼвͷֻҪͼ, ڲЩӬ
ҥûڣѾʼֱͬͷ
˵̫ˣתͷȰҥͲΪЩš
ҥҡҡͷֵţʱ˵ԵˡҽչҪһ£ô¡
ôָ˼ţʵͷǲĵģҲ˵ϵͲߣҲչҴˣŻʹ붯֣ҲҪ
ǡһֱסּҴ壬ӲĳҪѰҪôܿ
վҥȻסŻҳǱϾŻȫ
´ϯʱ򣬱ضøȫ׼ּڴССסһȺӣʹⲻ˺սҲҪŻ©
ҥҲû뵽һ㣬ü˵ͷ
֮ǰųһֱ񡭡Ҳ֪еľôˡҥּҴǱߡǲסȥˡ
˳ƵҲġ
ǡãԱһԺδѰҡǨĻͰ
һԼԺеһýˣ˴ҲӦŻʲôӡ
ҥϵãǱ鷳㡣
ڰ֣ʣڴǹȥ
ҥЦˣġǵطЩס˾С
л£ûʲôȥӡ
ǽӦãȥţ㲻òġ
ּ˵Щ£ɫ֮ǰҥž뿪ͷ
·ϣʣҪᵽǱ𣿡
ҥһۣӦõѡˡ
ҿ㵹Щ⡣˵Լɻ
ҥҲû
ֱӵ˵ͷǰʵҲаҵ뷨ʱΪܵȵͷ·ʢȻֱӰᵽȥ
ͷӣվǲȣʺΪӪҪԶչּʳ̻ÿȥ
ⰲοǺɵģӽ϶ܿݣݳ
㲻õģŻǱ߱ղ˶õġ
ҥе֮⣬Щʵ㡭ǲ׼ʲô
㲻õġʧЦòΪһԼȥŻһսɣ
ӡЩѵмѭҥ
ε̯֣ͽʤһʵΪɺ֮¿ʵ̲ס
ֲɵӣȻ֪Ҫ⵹ϣȫƾ
ҥüͷԡϵ˼е𣿡
Դ֮󣬾һֱǶһˣϿ⣬ض
šɡ
ҥͻȻͷ
㲻Ҫ
һʱûзӦ
Ż飬Լܽҥڣ㡭
Ҳ֪㶯ʲôҽ£Ҳһе顣
ˡ
ҲЩˣ飿һҪ𣿡
ⳡϵ飬Щʲôأҥʡ
߬ȭͷܿɿ
ˣȻҪΪ
ҥ̧ͷµüͷ
˵ôܿ϶ҶԸϣΪأŻоţҲͻ
⻰ڽƱ磬ҥȴһʱס֪α粵
֪Ϊʲô˿ڣȴƫƫҪ˳˵ȥ
ԣ֪ΪʲôҪԸϵĶ԰ɣΪʲôҪΪȥԸϡ
ҥͷƫ
Ź׷䣬ƻһ䣺Ҳ֪
һɹ
˫ֻأ˵Ϲǲˡ
ҶԸǱߣǳҸ˵Ըûʲôϵ
˵ţ΢΢սҥȻأȻ󣬵ھب꣬Ҳһͷˡ
ʲôΪ㣬Ѿ˼ȥԸأ
Ϣǳǳ籡ҥķҥȴԼһһط顣
оԼվһֽϣԺʱޱȡ
Ǹ;ϹĬԸϺԼûйϵ
ȴҪϡ
ҥСάƽ⣬һܿ˾֮󣬲ִ֪ˡ
֪ʲôȴˣϾصȴĴ𰸡
ҥûشһʵǱߣʲôҪЭģ
Ѿö⣬ֻҪ򲻵ѵĹͷǿװɵȥ
ʱܶ鿴ƺѾˣǲԼ뾣֮Ĺϵ
еĹʵ̫ࡣ
һ棬ͻȻɽϣյ˽֪Ӻζʲô
һ棬ԼҲ˺ܶܣһִԽͭζµɲƥ䡣
Э룬ʵ֮ǰǮǩֳɹɽˣ
ҥͷţҳծ֮󣬱ѶûˣͷڼС
ţøҰɡ
ҥĿ̾ݱո֮󣬼ûܹѣո֮ǰ֤Ѿȫ٣Ҳټˡ
Ӧþʱ䣬Ψһһн黻ˡ
ϵĹ涨λεİҲ֤ΥҼ͵ľ֤ݡҥʱķɣһֱ飬ȷʵѰһ淢Ŀġ
û뵽ͷҪȥɵõʵ֡
áڣӦ
Ϊ鵽͸һˣŲԽ
߳Զҥں棬ѯʵȻеϵˣӦúܿͿԹ˰ѡ
ѭȥҥȫһĵģ˳һ顣
Ժȴһģͷ
ʼЩȻڷ֪ԼüԸϵʱҥķӦֻܲǳǷ顣
ǲҲڵģΪԼϵϣԿϻ뿪ط
뵽ԭͷصľ⣬Խ
ŲҥȻع˹Сָ
ҥ˾һ֣Ҳ⣬ֻЦţӦһҪܾء
ҥԼű֣˵˾ʲô
û壬Ѿ̤С˳ȥ

ҥӵæµ
άͷ̯ӵ£ʼһ𣬿˰ҵˡ
ԭּСԺһʶ㱻ʴɾļªסʱĸ죬ѾոµΧʮϢ
ҥãСһ󣬵֪Ҫ뿪ʱ򻹳Ĭ˺ܳһʱ䡣
Ժ󡭡𣿡ѯʵ
ҥصǵͷ⴦ҲǾͻķϵҴ㽫ԺӺһӹԱߵǴɻ
ǰСԺտһ¡ɿסԼķС
ҥѾ߹ģˡ
ͷǴ̯ӣͨˡķʽԶ꽭ذԼķֵꡣ
ЩֵÿﶼҪĴֻﹺôĳƷͰƷҲˣּҴĻư㶼ûм٣쵽죬ԽԽĴصУͨҥ׬ȡ͡
ԺӿʵҲǡȳ˵طҥʳƷӹּҴķչкô
ĻԷһͷ뿪ˡ
찲ŵǴСԺסĸڣĵط΢Сһ㣬ҲӣҥסǴ´ġ
ҥ򵥵ظһ£ӣĶĽСͲֿ⣬
µס־£ھĲӦ֮Ҳס
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ºĳһ죬һ̩ȻеĹţһ棬˽ǱߵչҲõһЩҪϢ
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̩Ȼеķֵ鲼ݣţֵ͵͵ﾣݸû̫⡣
ΪҪԸϣߵķֵڻʮֻԾϵֻҪϹֶܷߡ
һʼţȥЩʱѾ׼
룬ͷţ֪ˡҹдһţͻȥһµ
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ҲʱˡţԱȰûҪ飬ȷʵûظˡ
ʶҡҡͷС
ϵҪͷҥҲ⣬ʱʵؼȥ顣
룬㸽ҽô
ţЩɻĿУԼļƻ˵һ顣
⣬ⲻðɡţѾӲת˿־塣
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Ҳҡţæ֡
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šͷ
ţֱۣˣˣȻȥˡ
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ͷԽԽ٣ÿﶼֻֻͣ޴ܹ޴棬ԭͷˣҲ׷׹֧̯ӡ
̯ҲǴ಻ڵ̫á
ϾͷߵĶһЩĴûʲô˻Ը⿴顣
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̯Ϸ˷ûҵԼϤͨ伮ʵ̲סҥĶѯʵڿʲô
ҥڴѹ񣬼˱ŵĲá
ұؼȡ㽴ϣȴ·ϲ飬㿴˼ۡ
Ǽۡѡɡ٩ʤ˵Ѿ뿪һˡ
ҥΪһֱͷЩʹĲҲʶʱţˡ
һ鷭˼ۣʵûʲôȤַ£ЩȲǾ伮ҲʲôȤĻΪ㿴ô棬ôÿ𣿡
ҥû̻شŸô͡
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С϶֪ʣЩ鼮ûʲôôҲʲôǮȻλϲλ߰ɣǮŸһͳɣ
йǸʶĶֵˡ
Ȼ⣬һھѾֱ̣Щûʲôá
ӦȴҥЩá
ʮնһʱԼҪ˵Ļسȥ
ҥȴûע⵽עӣѯʵϲЩ鼮ںδõģ
һ㶣漴̾һĽ͵⣬Ҽ游ԭǽһλҡ
˵ţֿЦһҵ游һ»ţʱҵеģ͵ʳ游ȴȻϲ顣
һȥе鼮ԽԽ࣬ȴս٣ȵһҾӪƣˡ
ҥ˵ͷ̾Ϣԭ
ƺڵĻᣬ棬˵ȥ
УʵڽҲˣֻܽЩȡ֣ʼλӷᵽľĵ伮ģԭڳԺ֧̯ӣñȳˣܿ롣
ǣʣЩĶЩ˿ĶһۡҼʵȥͷ᲻бݸԸ⽫Ǵߡ
ԵɣʣǲչһС϶⣬ϼؼҿȤҲǺõġ
ҥĻתе鱾¡
ϲ״Ҫȥ˵飬ȫҪˡ

 41 

ô˵, ˣԱԾѾǳ˽ľⶼһ
˿ȷ˼Σ֪ҥûпЦ, 㻶ϲϲ۸, ŵ鲼Ҫ͸ҥһߡ
ط˼ѵʲô, ûҵ
ڣ־Щ, תҲԣǲ׵Ļ, Ѳ𣿡
ҥȡе飺ҷˣЩʮֹž, ֮д֮ٸ㷭ġ
ͷ
ʰǰһ
㣬˵Ҫд鼮𣿡Լ, С϶Ҳѧ, 㲻Ļ
Ȼᡣҥȵľ仰Щ鱾, Ըæдⲻˡ
ֻǡЩҪڼ, ÿд𣿡
, ġͷ
ԥһ, ֵңҼоʣҺһ׵ŮȻСȴɡ
дЩҪ̵ʱ䣬Իؼչ
̽Եسҥҿ, Դһұ֤ᵢʲô
ԡҥЦŵͷ㽫һɣдڼ䣬סҶˡ
ָ¼ҵķ򣺡ҼҾǱߣҴȥϵطԻؼʰһ£ߺٹ
˵˷׬Ǯ»ƣĵԭشһתãã̫ˣллңллҡ
˳ƺҥҪˣҽҥǳߣֱ
ˣ֪ôƺ
ԳչأһԽֱ֡ͬҥ֣ԡֹ档
ҥ;ϣز
һ֣̯ϵ鶼ãֱӽԼϣͻ˼С
ԽϹطҥԼʱ֮ţʼܳ
뿪֮ǰҥò˵Щ𣿡
Խͷǡ˵ȫ߰˳ǿġ
ҥЩ죺ǡ˵Ķοأ
ԽԣʮãȻο
˺һ㬽͵Щ鲢ĵ伮ũ飬Ҳ֪١
ʱ򶨲ģֱ׾ţŰѼв鿴˸ţûϸο⡣
ҥЩȻЩźصͷ
˾䡰֪ˡԽߡ
ţ̲סģѯʵЩ鵽ʲôΣֵСģ
ҥʣҲһ㣬Σ
ҿǱũйأ滭˸Źֵĸ磬˵ǰɽһĶɽ᫵طĸЧش
ҲûеĹŹ֮һ磬ģʲô𣿡
ҥ̾ҡҡͷ
ʣѵش𣿡
شһ𣿡ҲЩ뷨ˡ
Ǹ顣ҥָǶ˵˺ܶ๤ߺ䷽ǰһδڱ
ǰѾн꣬ʱ²̫ƽһֱڴ̣ܶ౾ñĶʧѵùؼҵ㾡ҲռЩһݴ󹦵¡
⻹Щ㲻ס
ʱˣǶˣֿƼ͵Ķǿ۵ġ
Ҳв黤־򡣡
ǡҥҡͷ
ţɴֱ˵˰ɣǹز֪ЩʵЧãǼʱգΪ׸λ
ЩʱͷҥЩѾ֪
ΪսµĹϵʱұ촬ȵȸսйصĿƼȽϷ
Զԣս࣬Ƽˮƽ˵˵
Ϊʲôͷּܳʮ׵Ĵ󴬣صʲʢҥóһʳڶ˿͵ԭ
սѾһͳЩ·ӲƼΪ߰ˮƽʲôףҥյõЩ鼮ڸɽϿںɹΣغе
Ѿѹˣ׸ƾЩ飿
ҥͷ
˵һеǰ֪ЩʵЧá
ܶ˼ʹõ˳ʱʵһաͺñһִ˵õıɫͨ˿ֻһȾɫĴȴֱƶ׻ķˡ
ЩҥУȷʵܷ൱Чá
ǡڶˣ㲻ܡȻץסĹؼ
ҥδʱ
ţʣҪʲôʱ
ڸû취ȥʵЩҥ漴ʹһССҪҪѲٹƹѶȸ
ֻһ̯ӣʵûв;ʵЩ
ȻʱѾһҵ̫ˡ
ʹӵЩ鼮ٽԼִ֪ʶԴ޴棬ʵڲ߱ɵĻ
˵ͷʵڲУʱҵǮ
ҥƳһۣԽңͶɣ֮õǰһı䡣
裬ֱȥá
ҥͷסЩ̵գ˵ء
Ҳûвơ
ҥ⻰˳תƻ⣺˵Ҳм¡Ҫ˵ء
ţҥ
֮ǰ㲻˵ͷʺΪʲôӪڳп𣿡ҵ˽̽һЩϢٽһҾ¥Ҫתãϰ弱֣۲ߣֻҪٶӡ
ʧҪĻɴô˻ֱ
ٶҥЩ
ţǾ¥㣬ռҲ󣬾ǿҸʱȥٽҲǳһķضˣĲʽֺóԣûй˿͡
ҥȷʵǳĶ
Ϊӣеʽ𲢲࣬㻹ʮ¥ۼʵѡ
ôˣǲûôǮ²⡣
ҥڣ֮ǰ̯ߣҲһֱڳԺȴûʲôԸ⣬ȳǮѵطӪΣ
ҥŵǿԣҪд飬ϻ
Ʋ죬Ӧ֪ҥִɿָûơ
ԥһǵͷӦ£á
ҥġ
ǮȻⶩͬ㲻ˡ
ͷţ֪ˡҵţʱϷ¥Ҳ£ͿԴ󷽷ˡ
ҥ˵ͷ
ʵǱߡ˳𣿡
˳ΪҪ֤ݳȥˣھ翹ԽԽãҸƳһĨȥ
ǿϷҵ˷˳ž飬ʱԽһ򾡣ȫ޺֮ˡ
ҥţǾͺá
һҲ˵ʲô顣
˼ˣ㲻õ鼮ûˣ֮ǰǻȡǵû̯ȥˡ
ҥŻع˶֮뿪
ڶգԽȻһСŮּҡ
СŮйػֻ꣬Сһ㣬ЩˣϤ˻֮رЦ
ֻҥһŮҲ̫Ůرճ
Խһʼʮֲ˼¸ҥ鷳ҥҲԼŮһҲɢˡ
˽¶ҥ;ֻͣһӣʱʱֶĻᶼûУ׺ȥ˾ӡǶϱҸ˵Ůȡ
ǺӵҲûϱ꣬Ϣѻ꣬Ҳȥˡ
ǼУʣүΪˡ
ҥǳ飺ҵĸ֡Ҳսػֶࡣȴ߰ס°ɣ
ԽмصͷģһúдЩ鼮ֶ
ҥš
ʵҲһ࣬ЩصģرҪдšʱ䣬ɷͷ̽ԺмӶʶ֣
֮ǰڽǣ̵û·ʱʱҪǣ㵢ܳΪǵķӣұ㲻赣ˡ
ҥûٷŹԽ뿪Ĵ㡣
һ棬ͼ۴ӹԽЩֵɹ鼮¹ؼүʵа֮⡣
һ棬ΪһˣҲ¹ԽʲôתЩ鼮֮ȥ
¹Խչǣһһʯ֮ơд鼮ɵһ죬Ϊ˵ķӣȻһʱˡ
Խ꣬òݺᡣ
ѸߣִŹػӣ⼸ʮּ
һ鴦֮ҲãȻ֪ȱǮĻѾûпĶˡ
ҥṩĹϣܲ
ͷѾӯۿᣬǡ
ҥһתͷ˼۰ڼϵ鼮ĿѲ⡣

 42 

Խ֮, չһںӵ䵽ͷϡ
׵ѧÿ֮󣬽ʤһϾʱȥٳҥķ
һ, ԭּҴǸּСԺҲˡҥݺǿյϽ, ԼִʳƷӹװһ, Ū˸Ŵˮ߳Ρ
ʳ̵ĹģչԽԽ󣬺ܿ, ּҴͶѾ޷ʼڸļ, ˹̶һԱеĻһڶͷģһ˳ԶĽˮ, ˴ִذء
ǵһҥƴҥֻ̯Ͳʱ򣬾һ˶Ͳĵӡ
֮ǰ˵ҥļģʽ֮, ͷһԼġּʳ̡, ÿѮҪһ˶, ҥû
Ѿ֮ǰ, ҲͲڿջ, Ŵһͷ
, ĺãҥ̾ǱмҾ¥ۺҵ⣬˺üеĳʳζȲҴõĶ
ҥЦЦ
еĳʳǾ˺üǧִ֤Ҳ÷ˮƷ, ζȻһܷġ
˵ܷ棬ּҴеĹѡϽΪֹȷ̵˲һ𣬶֪ôġ
ζⷽƴõġҥ߲ܲʧġ
Щõ棬ܲʲôġԼĶӡ
ҥִĳЩôȷʵʱͬ
ûлӦ⣬ƮƮһ佫תƿһЩ񡯣ԴζǳأƴҪüȥ𣿡
һƷעȻ̱תƿȻһܻⶫʲô۸񣿡
ǶƷڱȽϳҥһֱ֮ʮ
һ˻֮ɵ֡
ɫͻȻЩɡ
˵ҪתˡתͷҥֹԴЩǲǲ̫ˣ
Դ۱ҥרΪļƳĶһˣǵﶬ˿ǾͲΪˡ
ʮоˣȻȻҲʼ⡣
ҥȴʮֵ
˵öԡǳϻڣƻҪһ
ȵ¸£ǰԴĳɡȡԴˡ
ȡԴֶһǿɾ̫ˣ
ֲ̫ʱȥһµ֡ҥһ˸ʺųԵĵϣʱСΣ
ֺãһů͡ƺٺһЦʱѩŻ𣬿϶ޱȿ
Ǳô˵ˡҥѾ˶Ժõ˱ݸ¸ʱȰʹһһ
ΧڰᶫĴ˵׷׿ʼ
ȻҲǳģﻹǿ׵˵ҪǾȥ¥ˣҾµʱ̫æµ
ȷʵͦæµġҥһЦд͵ʱһֱеġ
ⷬάȻ泩
ֿ˼䣬ҥ̯ϻҪչΪɣһ뿪ˡ
ص̯ʱ뼸ͻּҴ˵㽫˶ˡ
Σ˳𣿡ҥһˮ
һûҥһȥЩǡ
ҥͷͷʺŵƴϹ˿ˣûʲô⡣
Ǿͺá⹴ǡ
ֵͷʲôʡĻƣǻǵÿҸ˽֡
ǾҪȥ޾¥ˣܲܡ
ҥȻҲ֪
ҲΣ˭ܽӣ
հԼĳӰֵ֪ʲô˿ίΣԲһֱΪ
ʤǺӵ̫Сˡ̵ֺЩѧˣͿԶˡ
ҥǰսʤͷǽӿΣԽǽѵĳЦһ
еĴĥءҥ
ǺҡȻҲ£ҲûţȻеѣġ
㵹Ҳ֪ԼѡҥЦЦһۡ
˰֣ͼתƣˣ˵ˣҸ˵¡
ʵͷ߸˵ҽһֱɫҷһѡ
˭ҥѯʡ
ɽ⿪żɽ
ɽҥЩɻ󣬡ĻԺ𣿡
ɽֵ˺һֱԱɽԭһֱԺеԺΪͷߵ飬ɽ㱻ίɹάͷΰ
ҥҲפͷȻ֪ɽΪɽˣû⡣
֮ǰ˵ȷʵ뿪뷨Ͼֵܶ£δķչЩޡ
֮ǰɫ˵ʱ¡
ҥ˼һ£ҲǲС
һ۾⣺㶼ˣҲʮİɣ
ͷϵǡ
ԭʵڲУ̩ȻǱߣţҪһܹµĹܻܿᱩ¶٣ɽԼȫĹǡ
Ǳߡҥʡ
㲻õġЦɽ˵Ѿ͸¶Ҳ֧ġ
ֻҪָܻͬܿ
ǱáҥͷȥŰɣɽ
ǻҪͷ죬Ҳóû鶼ˡ
Цüۣţġ
죬ɽȻѲ߶ӵķΣҥ̯λ߿ʼѧϰصˡ
ҥʤ֣ŵʤͨԣ㽫Ϊܡ
ʱʤԽϷӴĥһܹΪ£ÿﱳʹ࣬æӦԡʲôûϸʡ
ȵԡľȥ泰Цʱְ鱾ȥС̡
Щҥ֪
ڽͷ齻Ӹɽ֮󣬱Ͼ⣬˾ǡ
ٻؾǣľ͵Ѿ֮
ǸǮѹôƶũŮǼڳӵԼ֮صľ¥ϰ塣
֮ǰҥûйһжǾڰš
˾¥⻹ںһԺ䣬ߴ֮ͨԺΪϢľʹ涫Ĳֿ⡣
ѾıնİҲᱻŵߡһҥھ¥вιۣһ˵ϵ飬ڳУõĻ鷳
ҥԣ˵ͷлˡ
⳯üһ㽫¥ҺøһΪиء
ҥž¥ոµΣ˵ͷ
ʱ䣬ҥ˾Уʼ׼¥ŵˡ
ҪĶǲĵġͷѾ־֤ĳʳʱֱӰټϼó㣬ڳдг
޿ɶ֪Ϣǳģһпվܡ
ΪѾ巻վ˽ŸʵĹ£ŵҥһֱġ
޼ұǳе̻Ȼҵò󣬵ڳʮ˽⡣޿ɶеİ£ҥԭԤƵĿżƻԭҪ˳һЩ
ˣ֪չүǰˡҥһͭ꣬޿ɶͻȻ˵
չѣҥһ㶡
ʵ̫æˣһֱڳУǰѵǴ뿪չѸԺ
԰޿ɶ͵͵ƳһںԺᶫľ⣬ûע⵽ߣſҥѹ˵չүԭԤҪȥһµģΪ;Щ鵢ˣǰŻ
巻˺˲٣Ǳ̸ˡ
˵չѵı仯޿ɶص㣺ң˺ܶء
ңҥüͷ
ǵչ뿪ǰ飬һֱûзϡ
չԼ棬Ҳһͷ۵顣
԰޿ɶͷ
ȻչѺҥĽչȷʵܿ϶չϲҥġ
Ե֪չүɣšİ
ҥչүҴҵƶŮԸʵģ
޿ɶԣŭһֹۣϵȻó滰ң
ţҥװģôͷˣ˵ò𣿡
޿ɶᴸһ£ߣҿ㽫չүҪء
֮ǰһƶϴǷ¾ծ񿪰¥ҷ˼мܱ㻹չүڸ˼ң׬Ǯ϶ǲ㡣
˵꣬ҥӣ˵˵ôİ
ôȤҥЦЦ
ҹ㲻𣿡޿ɶ죬˵ˣ֪⣬´ңҲ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ˡ
ҥ룬˵ҲǡҶչֻдĸм֮飬ûб˼
޿ɶͷҲǡ
Ȥؿҥһۣ˵ʱ򣬾дһµĿˣûʲôر𡣡
ҥЦҡҡͷתͷֽ̨ϵĶڷŹ
޿ɶȴ⣺չӴչүȻЩɵ㶵ǣǸˡô֣㲻ϧ𣿡
˼д˼ҵĽһʺÿˡҥ֪޿ɶ˼ֱԵٲʺҡ
˭ʺ㣿޿ɶָָԺǾС𣿡
ҥһ١
ڵؿ˿ȣ˵
Ҳû˵޿ɶȴЦɣƽҲûиֳģ
ƽʱʲôģҥͻȻ¡
⡭޿ɶ°ͣ˵Ҿãһͦһġ
Ǻܿ׵ģЩϤˣңţеԴͽʤЩСӣһߵ̬ǶҪչ˵һ㡣
Ƕھ⣬Ͳǵǿˣÿθ˵ұоһҪӵġ
ҥͷڸסЩڵı飺ʱԴҵ̬ȡ
Ҳ֪¥µģҲϰ壬ʲôȻҪ
޿ɶԲ⡣
˵ʲôǡôˡ
һ㱡û̫ھʮಽĵطͣˣ
ɫˣȻȥϢɡ
ҥͷŪˡ
תͷ޿ɶɶȥ
ˡ޿ɶæ֣Ҹҵ˵ˣҪҵġҹѾˣˡ
һҥֱۣգһۣŽŲس˾¥Ĵš
Ÿߵҥߣ˵ʲô𣿡
ܸо޿ɶЩ٩ζ=~ѩ~~~~=
ҥƫͷ̨ӱߵľ˵һ㣺ûУ˵Ƶ꿪ŵ顣
Űɵͷתƿ⣬߰ɡ
ҥס
˺˾¥ţŲ糯Ժȥ
º¾㱸¥ڿˡ
ھǵİ˵Ϊָľ¥ֻٽһȥٽֱ֣¥ʳ࣬ζҲżȥһΣʡ
Ϊҥм˵ִӪַָ¥ĳʳüţ˿ŴͲƷŻݣʹˣط˵ӡ
˿죬Ϸȹ֮ϵĺһңʳǱʮָӵؼ¥С
ҥվڹ̨ߣ̸ǮĻƶŴĻϣζһֱӵڽֵȥ
һһõ˹һ֣ȥԵ㶫ӡ
վ¥ţˣæȿˮĹûС
Ѿˣµʳ͵Ŷӣҵһ㴭Ϣʱ䡣
ҥ˱̧ͷһ仰ʵǣԹ𣿡
촽
ܿҥȹԼ˵ȷܹȥײƭǵҴȥԡ
ҥû˵ʳȳԣﻹһûá
룬ӹ롣
ֱÿһӣݵҥߣ㳢
ҥһ㶡
С˵մźɫĻ֭ζ˳΢΢ðǻдһʽζ
ʱ˻ζƷҥһԼֻ򸶷ôǰæġ
֮ǰƵһЩйƴ˻ζִ޲ڡ
ԥһſڳ¡
б飬ӯ֭ˮ㲻ִĻʳƷ
ûоܾ󵨵ؿ˹̨ߣһԼӣżҥι㷽ԵĶ
ȵм˵ף׼ûغʱһȺĹӸſڣΪһչѡ
ûչԵøӿһЩ
ѵһȺˣֱֱߵҥǰ˸񣺡ƹ񣬿Ŵ󼪣
չүҥһ
֪ľ¥տţұˡչѳգգۣһҥʮʶģΣɻ
¥ϻһţ˴ȥҥЦŻӦ
ΣǾ¥ŵӣչǹ˿ͣȻֳʲô
Ա߾Ļȵ鷳ˣæأҴչүȥ
˵ţһţ̨߳չǰ
˶һۣ⹴һĨЦ⣺չү롣
չһԵ˵ͷ˱ھ棬һȺ˺ƺƵ¥
ⲻ֣Լһææ£޺ˡ
¥¥ݵĹսǴչһͬţ͵͵档
ôˣü
ţεس񣺡ҲûзչүټЩˣͻȻ˵ҪͣͰǴˡ
ţû˵ǣȺ˶Ǿĸй£ͻȻֵط滹м̫˵ġϾƽȥĵطƽԽĸѳԵҲǰɽ亣ζҥҾ¥λԱȽһЩ
¡ϴ󲻸ˣˣ㶢ЩƢ󣬱ֳʲôˡµĻûƵ¥ҡ
ţΪ̩ȻھǵĸˣȺҲǺлȨģԱֱӵСģǳߣƲ鷳
ššһ̬Щ
ˣм˵һ¡ţֿڡ
⻹æ¥£Լ˵
ţɤӣģǵǮǱߵǰձŵĶѾٱѺͳǣ˵ķ˳·ʱ˳
£߬ȭͷ
ǡţͷϢ˵ܵģ͢ǱѼץ
֮ƹ˵һмСķ

 43 

ţٻصʱ, ѾȲˡ
ţ£ϴôôõĹ򣿡Цǲƾ¥é޶ûа
ţ˰, óԼ·ϱõĽڣ¥װޱһɫ, ҾʮȤ, ·ϵһʵڲ˼
ҲطȤӵԶЩ, ȵǳȥ¥
ҶвͬɫǲһȽϡţ˸Բ
˲֪, ָ¥ԼСү˽Ǯµģ˭¥
뵽, ֲһ䣺˵ҵĳʳǳرλ¥²Ҳ˶Եúܡ
ȵʱҲԳˡ
չԭһӦ˵ĲʱţվԼһ, ĵֱͷԣָĶԲ¥Ǳ߲, ¥£ҹŵζͶˡ
λ԰, Ʒˡ
ңȺһӻǲΪ⣬ǶЩƽ, ǳʲô㣿
չһ, еҲ˵巻ź˴׬һ, ôչȴԽԽСƶԸ룿
⻰һĴ治˱㸽
չѺƢЦƣλȥƷһˡҵ, ЩֻռϡţҪڸ֮¥һ㡣
ҪӦű죬żƽǵĲƷһһ
ǰѶ±뿪ˣʱΪǽܻĳԷ
ЩУ֮ʳáһ˵һʾţЩֻҪˡ
ţûԹźһֱֱͦʮֲڡ
ȵʾ꣬һл
˸ûע⵽쳣ۼžҪߣӵǶʮֲ졣
ʲô˼Ҫˣ֮ǰүɵۣ˼ĪԼ֡
ͷǡСֲʲôүԼˡ
¥ֻޣû취źʳͲڰ仹ǴãԼԸ㡣
ʲô¥үȫˣûʶҲ㣬Ҹ㣬үǾû顣
ֱҪ㲻׼ߣ죬ò˲ˣźүǳԸˣ
ɲᱻŵ
ŷ۵ĳ嶯ɫҲ̫ÿˣУæأûźǡ
˵ţ϶תֱӿ뿪үһ޷ĹӸֱڵ
ȵعүˡ
Уҵȥлúýѵѵֱ
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ԶٷѣЩʲôţЦһ˲֪ʲôҵ𣿡
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ԳԣԾߣӦˡţֵ
˵䣬ԹԵض
վ֮ǰʾ˼Ƭƺõ廨⣬ڵˮзȥ
ڳû˵ܹ̩ȻᲢۣţȻֻһ£Ҳ㹻η塣
ʱ˼ţ֣Ҳ˵ſʼѡԼϲĶ
үõ˽˸񣬴ھֱϯȲţͻҲȫԼӡ
ȵһŰӵУҧŨ֭ˮʱȻסˡ
ʲôһڽ¶֮ɴ۾
չѷ͵衣ɵӣڱ𴦿ɳԲ
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֪Ȼƽƽ⣬ҥƵϣмζֽΪҩʹãѰֻ֪㣬ȴ浽׷ʲô
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ʮϲ˿ҥɴһ߳Ŷһ˽Լ;¥ƹĽύ
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ȵƲϹ֣Ŷʳʱ˻عζ
ôǸС飿ѯʵŵǶʮָȤƵġ
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˱仰˸ѡ
ţһ˱ƷСãڸԼı顣
үüͷ㲻ǰɡǸСƹ񣿡
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תѵǷŲҲ˾¥ĶǾ˵¥ôɣ
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ţʱͻȻһ䣺ǡλСôģ
Ȼ̫ԼСӶԴҥǸʲô뷨Ϊҥæľٶţǿġ
ʱէչСүҥʮͣһӦǣԼСô죿
չԣһʱ
˿ȣչҼҲᣬֻҪҳ⹻㣬ֹӦܾɡ
⡭ô⣿үƳһۣ㻹Ҫ̧ﲻɣ
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һ
ȺвõģʵչΪ˽÷ѡһȻҪһ֪ŮȢţ㶼ǳ
⡭չǣͬ𣿡ţֲһ
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ԣ²²չүһκ֮٣֮ǰѧһʣǿʼǺЦ
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ͷ
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ĵ˵ү֮ǰȥ˸֮ʮͶء
û취ˡҡҡͷ־ͷ˰ɣܹڿҪģҪץһȥƴֿˡ
ţɻ󣺡¥ҲˣΪʲôȥһأ
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ϵĵ֣ӷ
ţԣ֪Ѿ¶˾ģҲٶ˵ֻ񣬹ǡ

 44 

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ܿ죬չѴԼС˴Ӱ߳
ȻҲķӦŵˣߵʱ黹ЩãȻС, , ҡ
һ
ҲûϺɫôˣʲô
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հ¥ʵ̫, ҶûѰ˵
ҥӾ߳Һܺ, ˡ
չѱЦô档
͵Ϊ˾¥æµ, ˲ԼԴӼдһѸհõĲ
ڻţطϢ֮ǰȰ˰ɡ
СĻǰеʳеҥ
ҥԭأٳûֽӹ
Ƭ, ̾һչүھ¥ѾԹҹˣⲹһũŮʵܲûȥɡ
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һԾѿɫǰһҪȥץҥ֣ҥܿ
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ûҥҡͷ
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˵չѼԺ󲻻˵Ļˡ
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ʱҲ˼˶Сҥ˵ҲЦļλȻûҸߣʵһֱǷǳĽ㣬㣬ϲġ
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»ʹ֮ǰȡϵǾ볯͢Ӧϣ̶֮ھͰų͢˽ݣҼҲ˻
ҼҵĴͳӴֻһޣ֮ǰ㶨»ԼұֻһˣŮˣΪ֮˵
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ΪòľէȻһ䣬ԭ͹ŵĻֵԽ
ѹޱ繵صһáҲѾת뿪ҥ

 45 

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⸽Ѳǻҥܿ϶Щ˾ѰԼġ
ҪںʱȴԼĺΪգֻ̫ţͼ˵⡣
յǡøʩΪĻᡣûҥĸţλۼһֶץסҥĽˡ
ǣûõģЩ˽ˣҲһġ˷૵
ҥعƴҪֹȴѾһ㣬㶼ˡ
ǣ𣿡ӵԼǰҥɱʡʡɡ
ʱ򣬱ץסĿ־ѾȫռҥĴԡ
оΧһеʮңԶþȵϣҲޱã
ȴԾȵıܣҼ䣬߬еһ
ȺںɫѪ⽫ԭλʱѾ˳ȥ
Ŀǳԭ˶ؿڴʱѪմȾγһƬɫĺڡؿڵ˿ڣĿŻǽǵҥ
ԺĽŲԽңѾ˴˴쳣
ͻȻֿҥЦһȻǾҪһɡ
û취ȳֳһΪҲ
䣬ͳһӡ
ǻӱЩʪȻҹʪġӰĹܣ˴֮󣬻Ծ˳
ﵽǸɿݵҰݣҲ֪һסȡůģһ£ЩݲȫȼƷ
˴ҥѿʼһߵһͣؿڵ˿ڿԡ
ҥһעŻ⣬һĿֲԾѪ
֮ؽӽѣȥƺ׼ˡ
ҥ߱Ũֻ侲룬ڹӦ뿪˵ʱ˳
һ·ϣûԾ߬סǸ
ùǰƻʱײһ˫ֱ˫ȡ
ҥһ裬Ϊֻˣֹ̳ǰ
δ÷̬һϤĺҥҥ
ҥ̧ͷֻüһۣͱӵС
һأҲûе飬ֱӱѾӡ
һ֮ҥоԼһ
ʱҲſ侲ҥôﲻ
ܸܵҥߵ£Ҳܿ֫һЩϸС˿ڣҥ״̬ʮֻ㱣Լ©ʲô
ҡû¡ҥӺ淢
򣬾ѾȷҥȷʵûƣͷӬһ㼱ꡣ
û𣿡ʮֵǣΪʲôһֱڿޣ𣿡
ҥסˡ
ʶգŷ־羣˵ǰ㣬Լϲˮ
ҡҥЩ
˵ԼûҪֽͲ֤ᡣӷż⿪ʼͷ·йȫһֱЩĪľٶ
һֱ֪ʱˣݽ˵侲˼Ҳһ
˵Ļůҹˮֻ֮Ҫ˵ί
ûµģȥҽݡ⽫ڻаοԲԲˣҸøЩҲøġ
ҥţѾʧ˵
һͣ£ƿʱҥԼŵֿɬĲҩζ
ǰһ󷢺ڣʱʧȥֱֱ֪˹ȥ

 46 

ҥ˺ܾá
ҹǡ, ʪ·¹˺üʱһȻͷ˸ա
ӺãϾ̩Ȼеҩ, ھ˳ʼΣ֮, ˡ
ʱ, żֲʧȥʶ, żϡоΧкܶΧԼת, Ϥڸǿҵ, ǽȻľ⡣
ÿÿоϢҥԼ°ߡ
ȵתѣŵʱеһɿʡ
̷״, ˮֱ˹
ҥܾҪԼ, Լڴͷ
ӹˮ˼, ˿֮ѯʵʲôˣ
˵˸, ҥһ, ־ԼѾȥա
ʮֵƣôͷǱ߹ˣأ¥Ǳôˣ
㶡
ҽӹġӦ, ҪúϢҪЩ˵ˡ
ⷬŤĻвβ˵ĹģҥپЩο
ôõС㲻ǰ׷ѡ
ο鰲ο»ǲ
Щ, ǳʲôҥ˵ݻȥ˵ˣ֤ûʲô󰭣ɲҪʼľ¥Щˣ
ĿƣûʲôѪɫմȾһĨʪ˫
ǰմ˵˵Ҫˡ㬵
ţҥЩû塣
ùʱǹЦģ˵ԼҪȥͺҪȥһŵ㲻һһֱյʱǺģüͷһֱţƴҪ۾ѹ
ҥڷӦ˵Լԭ
ǴԽģֻ֪ΪۿԼĹùԼǰȥ
ʱԭѹôȥ뵽ԼҪȫȻǽѵĿ⡣
ҥһ
ԵʱԺΣȫǣҵĶ
òƴļҵףٵľ¥о⣬ʤ׮׮Ҫĵ顣
Ѿʼתõ£ôþʹ뿪أ
⺢ӴСͳĬĲһУⷬԱȸܶ˼𺳡ҥӵη׽֮УִЩ⡣
ҥų˳ǣ˵ҷһܶ˵飬𣿡
˵ͷ
ҥҪЩ£⴫һ춯Ҫˡ
ͻȻǰ֣˵Ҫúûš
ҥĿⶨŶľϣûüӦ˵ʲô˿ˡ
ϲشչҥˣ
ϵҩѷŵϣǰ㿪ʼΪҥ
Աһ˵Ķͷ¶ȣһȻˡ
ҥҪ˵ʲôǲ֪Ϊα˺ڡ
תȥǱ߸˵һ˵ùˣ׼Щͳʳ
˵ͷɵ뿪䣬ŶСĹϡ
֮󣬾תͷרעؿҥ
ҥ࣬Цʵôģû𣿡
ҥڻعҡҡͷǡ
һϵı죺λ˵ͻѹû뵽ô硭ҩҶˣе̣һٸȡ
ûоʲôطҪҪҰǽлٸ㿴
ҥҡҡͷá
Ŷͷﶼã˯ˣͷЩ硣
ǣ˯ա۵ؿһ˫գִû£ѹͺˣͷԻ󣬹ձܺá
ҥ˵ͷ
⼸ػĻ˵꣬˼侲Ĭһ˲
ҥ֮ǰ飬΢΢ͷˡɱ𣿡
ǵǸҵ峿ΪֹץԼеͱӵš
֪ԼôƣȴǵǼѪġ
ˣɫʱѿ
ϸûСʱѾ˵ˡҵ˺˻ƷŤ͵ٸȥˡ
ȻѾͷɴȫг֮ǰǮŵķǲ֪ʲôֶϵ˰ǸˣҪܵȥء
ûгɹڰϾͱץסˡ
˵ȲԼͬԼ̽Ϣҵˡã˺ԵǺܿҵǱȥˡ
ҥҹԼЬ׵࣬˵ͷ
Ϊһޱߵ鷢ʣ¥ǱôˣһԵ⼸죬ֱӹЪҵˣ
ֶڰա
̾һŸѣ͹Щ£
ЦЦİɣ¥ûйţҰˣǱİ֣¥Ӫȥ
⼸죬¥ڽÿնֵúܡ
˵Ǳߵ⳯գգۣôòɣ
ҥһƬ̺Ŵšܺãˡ
˵˵ɲУýҡ
ҥܾӣСĵػҥļ򣬽˱ԼУұһְɣ
ҥû˳ƽ°ʹļϡ
˵ŻԣӣҲžˣΪЩ·ģһأ֪ġ
ҥްҸоʵѾûʲôˡ
ĸоɲ׼ⷴҵģϢԷȥһһ㲹
һһĴҥĺ󱳣պ壺ҥѾˣҲ֪ǰЩʲôĿѣһ
İ齻ңһжġ
ҥƲסҧס´
ӿɬϵسĺͱͷܿ죬оʪԼۿ
Ⲩ⧲Ҳʼϸϸ
һʱķ
Сֱҥļżѯʣôˣ˵ôˣˣ
ʹûоӣҥҲԼʱǱģ
֪ԼΪʲôƴҪȥЧá
ǣֻܴŨҵĿǻڣ⣬֪𡭡
ü֪ʲô
˵ʲôңɿѡҥҧĴڣžҽĿˡ
˵
Ƭ̺һԼѹʵΪʲôô˵
ΪӦ㣡ҥ
˵ƿԼ˫֡
û˾֧ţϰһЩԾɱֱͦ
Ӧ㣬ȥ飬ﰲ˯ıչˡҥ˵Լŵ
ָܿĿڣ۾ݺݵ֪Ǵģ
ܴ󣬾ҪִΪ˺֡
ΪʲôǴġ㶷ʡ
ҥǶôųܣ
ңôԣô뷨
סԼˮ۾ϵűˡɻʹ࣬ȻѾһɵĹȦ
ô꣬СʱһǶʱ䣬ҥǵԼһֱһˡ
һ뿪Ǹңһ˴ӽǴƴСҵңһ֧Լҵ۹
ЩУҲйһ飬ϵ͸ڵ;һ߹һ·
Щеĵˣеһֱߣûһ˿վ˵ͬһ𿹻꣬ɿѣûܳõģᰲźһС
⣬ͺеһ⡣
Խ˽⾣⣬ҥԽ㺰Ǿȿʼģҥ޷ԼҲͬġ
һҹ˳£Ϊ˰չѣȷ˽һϵ֮ҥʵû̫ȷĸ
ֻǾû鰮ҲǷǳֵþ飬ִʱûлܣԳһ¡
û׼һЯ֣ڼѵ·һȥ
ھһ󲽣ǰ˵ұʹμ
ҥԼܵð
ŵԼȻĶˣǼ米ôȥǰʲôԨͿһ߰Ȼ̤롣
Ļþ޷Ӧ
һʼʵЩϲǲΰ룬ϲԼҥĿеķȷʵһϾҥ׿ڳǡҪӦġ
ϲԼԸԼһҥΪʲôҪأ
ܿ죬ҥ״̬ɢǵ㻶ϲֻʣĵǡ
֪ôοҥѵҪ˵û£ͲҪϲˣ֮ǰǸּǿ˰ɡ
ҥԣһзȴܳܵġ
ֻܰҥߣȵ޵ЩˣҲ΢ƽʱתùԱߵҩ
ԭ̵ҩѾָ࣬ǵ΢ů⣬ش˸
ȱЩˡҩˡݵҥУ¥Ǳߣȥ˱ÿպҩԿӣܵϢ
ҥҲ֪ûĻҩȴӹҩͷһˡ
ӻ룬ִӻͳ۽һαܾˡ
㽫۽ڴͷİϣһ䡰ȺúϢ뿪ˡ
ֻʣҥһˣĿſշŴûΪ뿪ʲôķӦ
׼ֱԼܲ˯ȥʱ⴫˽Ų
ͨӳϵӰӣжȥľ⡣
̧ǣоԼĿǰټ
û뵽ǣûн
ھ뷿̨ϣѰ˸ɾĵطȥһ߿ͥ仨һעĶ
ҥһ۾

 47 

, ҥһˣһעž¥
Ҫػؾ¥Ҳÿ콫¥ҪʱΪ, ˡ
ҥڳﱸ¥ʱ, ܶƶȶǰִҵȥ, Ȼ;Ҫ쵼ﶼûǱ򣬾¥Ҳһϡ
ڲеҥһ˿̤ʵİο, ҲѾھפ˼յľ̾֡
ŮʵǸҵ, СӺõ֪Ķȥˡ¥㣬һ߿ŵֵʳ, һ߶ž
˵꣬ڰ˴ѯʣԣҵʲôʱȥδĶϱ
ֳ°ͣ̾һ, Ӧ, ʱˡ
ô°ӣǰ첻С, ȻҲü
ǾĵüĿЩ, ݸӾһЩ, ŴǸס
ʱһ, ЩŭļƣѾϰˣη塣
ץץԴЩεҥȷʵˡǣһ⡣
µȻ֪˵̸, Աʣʲô⣿
Ƭ̣ԭԭ˵Ļ
ͷҪһֱ¡ҥøһ𣬻Ӱ־¸ճ
ܲǷֿɣ
ǱѾЦòˡ
סּֿҹǷͬһ㡣
³󣬳͢һֱŮӵңһûǸŮɴ䣬˶谭ˣ㵽׸Լ˸ʲô
˫ա
ԼϵǰʶֵЩɡ
ǲȻأѰŮôҵۣǺһ䡣
ϵˣڲٶŪתɫ˵ɲɣôģԼͨа
ҾͨˣͷֱӰų֮ˡյؿ¼
Ȼ˼ô㣬ҪԼʶһ㣬뿪ˡ顣
׻ǸԼҶӣģɴ̽һ䡣
ôУһۣˣҪ뿪ңҲץ˦ǣ
Ϣ²˸ۡ
࿴ᣬɴ໥ۣ˵
һ̲ס˵Ҫ˵¿ɲ˼ҷܽġ
⼸ҥĬû̸Ǽ£ÿﰴմķԸΪҥҩҩȻ뿪ֱ˯Ϊֹ
㲻֪ǸˡҡҡͷһڣԼͻȻ¶˾ģȻ䲻ˡ
ҥദЩӣҲӡҲҪҥҲ¡
ֹǣף̫С졣⣬͸ôӱ֡
һ㶣ô˵
¼ذڳ˸׵ģ
룬µǵ̩Ȼһ󣬲һ첻ھ¥ҪȥҲû˾¥ʧȥһۣΪЩ̿𣿡µ˵㣬Ҳ⡣ԸѣҲߣȥûãǹ᲻Ầ£ĳ㵽ʱһ㣬ͻȻṤһûӰ
ʱѾϰЯ֣Ѿϰ㣬Ҫô죿
ôͻȻ뿪üͷ
Ÿŵ°סļ򣬡㻹СҲ˵Щصĳŵܳã˵Ųţһ޴⡣
ҲǱˣϵôһ㣬ҥദܿҲеĹϡ
ǣһԺеϢһ߶žµͷ˵öԡҺҥϿ˶ܴΪţǣǵĹϵһشͻ䣬͡ر
ԼȥŻҲҥܵ顣
Щ鵱ȻǱȽټ飬Ҫһٲ˻׮׮˳ġ
ÿζһ㣬ⲻĽֻǷαĻǧٿ׵ĸȷʵ޷ֶá
뵽򴽡
Ŀǡô죿
²𣬷ʵɵӣ㶼ˣѵ֪ô죿
ľֻ֣ǲԸӰˡ
ⲻÿɷءšһ
Ҫ˵ȰȰȴͻȻվ
ȥأ˻ûءºס
תȡԼۺ彣һߴһ߻صԼ԰ɣûʲôθˡ
ʲôҶԸˣžУǮţýʤСֱӼ£Ȼȥˡ
жǿһ䣬һУųȥˡ
»ߣɵۿ˸ûӰ
Сӣҧгһ䡣
ܿ죬¥Ļƶ˾֮ǰĲƷɢĻꡣ
˻ãøʳѾϤ˻ԷľֺǺǵؽѼẉ̂ȻԵó

һߣصҥԺС
ҩͯ¼ҩվͬ˸
ڰ֣ѹʣֹ֡ѹ𣿡
ҩͯͷһʱǰѹˣһֱͷ顣
飿飿ɻ
СϴͷǱߴġֹҪæùġҩͯʵ
š֪ˡⲻ׷ʣֵֻôˣų𣿡
ڳءҩָָͯȼŻ¯ӣҩҲˣֹ궫ͿԺˡ
ʾ֮ǰһ㣬ҩҷԹͽȥ𣿡
Ǹͨ⣬ȴĬ˺һ
һֱҩͯȵÿʼ˼ǲԼ˵ʲôſڵˡýȥɡ
ҩͯ
ûʲôֻӻͳһ۽ҩ˽ȥʱ˳Ҳ˭ģ˵ԼģרŴࡣ
ǡأ⼸յճͻȻ˾޴仯ҩͯЩӦ
ҡһе¡һ䡣
漴ֶҩͯЦЦɣͷˡ
ͷġҩͯ֡
ͷ
˼Ѿ׵תֱӴ粽뿪
Ժţſͣ˽Ųͷһۡ
֮ҥá
ҩͯΪһҩϲɫⲡѾ޴ˡһҩ֮Ȭˡ
ҥЦЦ
ҽҲо֮ǰٻһɨաӦţĿ䵽ҩԱߵ۽ϣȥ۽ˣ˵𣿡
СҩͯЩεغؾšãﲻǰ𣿸ģġ
óѣҥʵ³ġ
ﾣ̽ĴȷʵЩ۽˿Ʋ˵ƵһСܣ˲ͬѰܹϵ
Լ˼Ʈҥ˦˦ͷж˼
ǰ¶еҩһּһŽɫ۽ͽС
ζеҩɬ嵭ҩͯʣʲô㣿
ҥʳ£ȡʪ˲֣ҵõǰͷ¥ȥʱ鷳ˡ
ҩͯɴ۾ǲ鷳ֻպþҪȥæµʦҸ˵òҪ̫ۣɼ
ҥЦЦ֪ġ
ҩͯԵͷʰ˵ҩת뿪ȴǡſҪŵľ⡣
⽫˳ȥűš
˵ȬˡҹҥһЦű߽еĹ̷ŵеϡ
šѾˡҥ΢ɲغһ
⵱ûзֵģԹԵ£Ը𣿸մӻǱ͹ģմ¶ˮ
ҥҡҡͷ
Դ֮˵Ĺϵͱ׶롣ԭ԰Ϣ˵ĻӣѾ֮ǰ顣
ʱ䣬ҥҲѾˡ
һ⣬ͻȻֽһһʺϽ˵ĺ
һߵߣھ¡
ʱ䣬鷳չˣҵò飬Ǿ¥ǱߡȿڴƳĬ
ҸġޱذӣѵҲǾ¥֮һ㲻صлġ
ҥЦЦ
ֶ뾣˵Щ飬պˣſڵЩڴôã˺ܶ࣬Ҳڿˡ
׼ҵˡͻȻ廰
ضеӣÿָٰѰ󣬽Щɫ˿һһ˺¡
ҥסˡ
Ѿ¾뾣صʡλãԭãչѸҲѱ˵̸ܱ书һۣ˷ֿһҪ顣
⻰ȴȻЩҪ˳˼
ֺܿعţͦõġ
͵͵ôã˱ضʮֵĵģȷʵøȥˡ
ǰҽҲ룬Ҳ͵͵۹⿼ͺˣĻһһЩѾӴʮָɾһ굽ҥǰĻҲ֪ʲôʱ㣬ʲôܲ㡣
Ϊյҡͷȷʵȫ֮𣿡
ҥЩڽʲô
ȴЦˣֱҵ˵Ҳ죬ҲˣҲ˻֣̿һ𡭡һܼѵɣ
ǡҥʶ
㲻ðοҡһкܶණҪѧأλһúõģܡ
˹գȻ治ϲ飬òϣ˵ĵбҪ˽
ʱ˼̸Ѿȫˣҥֻ˳Ļ˵š˵öԡ
ʶؽݹӷУ֮㱻ü
ӦοģΪԤиױˣ֪ΪΣжµûš
ҹ㲻Ҫȥ¥ЩһǻǱġ
ţ˵飺Ҳھ̩֮ȻǱߵţȣţ̩ȻھߵĴ£ңǢ顣
һӪͷ;¥һ⣬µľ¥֮ġʲô£ȥ
˵̲סֲһ䣺ֻϵ飬ֻҪʲôѣȥšϾǺ飬Ҫǳʲô£Ҳ
ҥ˵ͷ֪ˡ
鶼˵Ҳ͸ýˡ
ҥǻʹʼ֯ͱĻ
ʱ򣬾ȴƣͻȻס֣ǵҵİɣ
ҥһ˳֣ûѿ
Ҫ飬ҵȻǡСү
ˣⷬЩĻȴͻȻͺˡ
ҥɻĿУ㲻֪Ҹղ˵Щжܣö
ҥü㡭ʲô˼
˵أͷ㲻Ҿô˰ɣ
һ˵Ҳ˺ܾãټҵѣҲˣֽ׶Σȷֿһʱõġ
еĳ̫٣ûʮĵҵӲ죬δûʲôҲ㺦ˡԣǵ÷ֿ
ʱ䣬ú÷չҵָ¥ݸأҲؼңúѧ˸֪飬
ⲢǾҪֿˣһδ׵ķ֪𣡡
˵ţͻȻſҥӻͳһŻ顣
ʱ㶼ӦˣȣԻѾˣǾͲһˡŲӵ
ҥǻ飺㡭Ūֽ飿
֮֮ⶼҪ֮ǰӦģ
ҥһʱ֮Ҳ֪ηӦ
ҳһţⷬжԭмƻоԼǣߡ
ǣеʱȥˣȻƷһ˿˿⣬ţԭǻҲɢ˲١
Ȼα˵Ļ飬ں˲٣ҪǰһһмָǰüĿʵӴۡ
ԣҾ͵Ӧˣһߣ˶ۡ
һƬιҥУɶסпܵһھǶиԵҪüң㽫Ҫһˡ
ҥеԵؾ׽š
ٰ걻ҧӯ֭ˮĿǻѾǴɬ
ԵһŶݵɣԵһҲڷţֿõģȵټˣʮͻԼҪģپ
κһͷ
⹴ǣҾͲµ϶ӦˣԸˡ
Цŵģȴʮֱˡ
ͻȻǰֱӽҥ˻С
ҥͽСⳡЩױС
־̫յЩƿʱȴЩԡ
΢΢š
ôˣֵҥˡ
˺һǿƽصǶҪֿˣҲ֪ʲôʱֻĳģŻʲô¶ûһɣ
ҥ̧֣Ҳ֪òϣ㲻Ҳ˵ˣֿΪǸҪ
Ҷһǻܵġ
ţ̾һң˵£һ㶼ģұҪˣҥ㶼ҵ
ˣɽϵһʱۣ
ҥڻˡ
žĺ󱳣ʵô
˺һôӦҼ
ҥε˵˵Ļ
Եģϵ飬ֻҪ룬ûʲô첻ġⲻ˵꣬㿪ʼоԼҪ
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壬ʲôҪһʱ˸ңȻھ
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⳯˸ۣ㶮ʲôٷϽ㰴Ĺذ¾ˣ֪𣿡
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ƶǶص˵ͷתͷٻһƬɫ                        
лҪ˵͡

 48 

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 ִʱʵûʲô̫ĲͬԼȫľҵϡ

 ̩Ȼеȫ, ֮ǰһŻܿ죬µĲƷ½Ƴָ¥Ҳ̩ȻĲ˽ݸǣܱߵݸ

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 ʱ, ţѾõǨ, ٵ̩Ȼھ, Ǹҥ, ڸͨͬʱϤҥѧϰűҵ֪ʶ

 ֻվ㹻, ֶϵ͸˲ָ֪¥ŵͬʱ, ̩ȻҲҥָ, һĵ⣬

 , ̩ȻŲ쳹, 䵽˰³

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 һ, ţճżã֮Ҫļҥ鷿

 ȥԭʮŮѾȥһͯɣü£˪͸¶һȴʧϵʡ

 ڰдʲôõī̶ӴϷϵȻԴȻľ㣬ֵơƫƫԼһͷ˿㲻ֻһɾģ

 ţĽŲ˼̧ͷ˵ͷţ¡

 ֹţйһؽڵȡλãǽյźĿ

 ҥᡰšһ

 Լдһ¼ƻʵЩʲôҪ£˵˵ɡ

 ǡţһ֮٩٩̸
 ûʲôˣ̩ȻָŶȻţ˵ҥж

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 ţҲϰذ칫ʽ߾

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 һΣү˻˵˵ǽ֮ڣи

 սս˵꣬ס͵ҥѯʵأ
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 ̧ͷţ֪ˡ

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 ˣæ

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 49 

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