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ūĿСһˣ˲˿:롭Ҫ

==================

 1 

ʣһ죬㳰˻ķδɾֻô죿
л˻شھǺڣǳڡ֪Ҫҵʱ͸öơ
˹顣
ڷǴ˸飬ʹô꣬㾾һ·ˣҲܷƤӰѵ˵бۡ
ʲôҪҵ˻鰡ʶˣ
ҵʱſҪһǵһ죬𰴩ź·˦űӾͳңҪ˻飬˵ʲôҲԸ޸һ
ΪʲôҪ˻飿Ҳʶˣ
ſҪʮ꣬ʲô֪ȻҵĴӣСͲܾ൱һˣֲҪμӼû뵽һȡⱲӾǺԵˣôݵĴС̵ˣⲻ˻ˣ
ۿ԰ƾǲ˻顣
˾͸һӡϣǸӴĲѪһƬҿöġ𰿴ɿڣɴ˵Ķˤڵϣϳ롣
ǰΨһõ³һѪүӰݣֻԺ޹ءȻͷҲص߳Ҵš
ʱֻ̬ܿܣǸˣõ껪Ը˷Ҳ⡣
˭뵽𲻽ȱػΪ˱Ժĵӡ
ԺʲôطƴƴμΪĵϾԺһͷû뵽СӴѲ˸ı
˭ֲ˵һʮӶʮŪء
ͻȻع⣬񣬲ֻǣ綼ڳ˵Ĺϡ
ⲻϾԺͱԺһһȵᣬɹƽɽ
ǰδʱ꣬ˡ
˿ʵ߾˿Ƶأһһ˵Ʈ
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Ѿޱŵ˹ףֵҰһϾѧԺɾŸŴ󲿶ƽɽʶû뵽
֪Ŀ֮±ԼӦöơ
֣⵽ϵͳѣʱ̽ԼڻҵְҪб
ƨҰôһ
ϵͳѾѣŵСʦܵɫУû

Զ׼һԽߣҲһϵͳľ鲹š
ϵͳСϵͳ
ץһٰһ䵱ڻδ޵Ľɫȵʱȥ˻顣Ҫ˻飬ҪôɾؼҧгݶԲԼԴǡڻҡ֡
ڣҲиɡ
ǾΪΪֹˮиĿ꣬ΪԺиܴĶ
δ޾õѡ
ȵгһգ𣬴һװԼͨ챾δԼ˵ΣҪôǸ̾飬ѡҪô߳ŭȻ󱻷ɱ
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ˣԺʼ˵ִɰҧԼһڡ
ͱ˵ۣﲻڵСլոһյܾۡ
ֲڹеģ䱻˳Цʱ䱻ʱڳĬ£ոһյŬʹûΣ.ǿκ˶޷󼰵ġ
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ĳɾͲǹ⻷ԭ򣬸Ŭܲɷ֡
ϮǴǰδ޵ʱˡ
ع񣬸ʦڰ֣ˣ˭ûиʱǶǰˣҲա
⻰˵úһʦ²ۣɵӣ㵱ôĻأ㲻֪ڵжǱһˣѾﵽ˵ؽ׾Ʒ׾Ͳһ֮ң粻֪жŮӰĽ
㿴ԱߵǸŮûУǱԺĶŮȷѩ˵ǰһ飬ڶ벻Լ飬װñ˼˱ˣ
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ʦЩȱ»Ϊ룬Ϊ۲ĸ顣
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ʦôһѣͻȻһξ߾ˡ̫ˣѾԭˣϽϵͳ
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챱ƽڣ˻ǰδޣȻн٣Ȼһ
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ȴû뵽֮оĴС
ĹõҲ͹ȷѩȹһ
ƽɱɷӡ
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Ҫ֪ȷѩֻĺ֪֮һԺŮܴҵĴſŵƽɽɽ¡
Լ˼ѾӵһƬԼȴֻһСˮݡǳġġͷӽܣȻģ۱ȱ¡
ƽʱǻʵֻǲӡ᲻ȴգɴڱºְƽ
˱ˡ
һ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
ӽܴʦִǰ߹Сʣʦãû°ɣ
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ӽܵһƽҪʱ̸ңЩޣЩֵСˡ
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𰰵˵ıֻ֢ϣôʱҪá
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𰰵ԸԼֻҪ̹ξ飬ͿԻϾСŮ̫ƽСˡ
鼴ҪС¡
İϵͳһҿ϶ַݼһүܵѹǰδ޵Ŀ졢У⡢嵽궼źģ

ֻٶｨ裬ⲻ˸̾治˸ɵĻÿһζֻӦһˣҪĸһϣҷǵѲɡ
֪ΪΣ˵仰Īش˸¡
ЦԼԼԼǰѾ۷壬޵ˣôܻϴǰƵǰδأ
ҡҡͷһɽ
һʱһˡ
Ҳû˿ͻȻܲչⱻڣ¶ɺ
ƺʲô˺Ѳ񷣬ƶ
лҪ˵лл֧֣
±棺ĸƵǰŮѡ
 ĳһ죬ѧġսġȦġҽĵʱշ϶ĸƵͻȻˡ
 ѧ֮ӣûܱȵùҡ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧҴûжĹʹҵŮѡ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧҵֻҵۣҺܿͺֿ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧƺǵ֣Сء
 սΪֻ㡭
 ȦɣҲ
 ҽҲһ
 :ǡ

 2 

붴󣬴ʦ˵ƽһؿֻеһزܵõһƷľһöؽװƷġָһ
һ˵ǰһԾԾԡһԱվŵֶ
֪Ϊﲻߵģɲġ
˭֪˻ڹؼʱʹʲôƺԶк֣˲²⣬ʵ͵ףֻ˵ѡ
֣Ͼ˵֪ѹжô
Ǹװ۵Сʦ̾һ
ʦ㣬㵱ҪûĻжðҪȻ˵һܿǽķϰѵҩһ򡭡
۵ؿ
ʦݺݵһԴΪϾôôĳϢûУûпʼؾͳ־Լ磡
СʦܱĵֱУҴʦ㣬Ҵʦ㣬
ӽܵʦãġطΣõҩؼ˵ֱ練ƣֻҪҾͺá
𰣺
ллҪ׵ľ㡣
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ءġѾʼ
һ㶣ôˣѵ㻹нģʽ
类롢ųңԭˡСС
ѵʯҲܽʮţӽŵ´ųҵİɡ
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ԭڻδ޵³ɲá
ȻһʼͿ𣬵ֿʼòʡ
һʱղĻ飬һʱûϢԼ
ڲ֪Уʼġ
ȻƾģҲûнܡɰޣŴø޿¶ϵ³
ʱΪǰδ޵ģ߹ǰδ򣬿϶Ҫе㲻ʡеɬˣͺðˡ
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ģܸоʲô·
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ŭһ£𣬹ʲô£ҷ֣
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ſıӣвɷʸȥ򡣡
СʦܲǱ˵ģ
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ݺݵСʦһѡǰʱ־ޡɬһ˸飬ȻҧԸ˭ʹ˭ʲôʱʲôʱܲң
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һмĺҩȻ򣺡˫ͷ˱ԪĲųģСģ
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СʦܱŵÿҪʹȥˣǵȺߵQAQ
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⵽ʲôƵطôĲһ
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ԷǺʱֵģΪԼûκβ
ƺһתͷ

Īأ˿ʼĬضӡ


 3 

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˵꣬ƺսռУɵѷԱߣԥһ̤˽ȥ
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ܿвһЩ죺Ϲ֣ܿʲôطѵĴضϾҲ֪Դ
΢΢ӿɼһüõӰС
ԭǵϵ߷ģҲҲһ磬ǿСӾͣͲǰ͸ĻԵأ
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ĻȻ֮ף⣬˳ˮۣǡ
Ͼͱָ˲ɽ롣ȰҪ
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֮סʲô
Ѿߵſˡ
֮ȻʧЦԼ绽꣬˶ֱİ磬ôˣе㲻Ӧ
̾һͷƼٵرԹСţҵ걻˻֮Էŵʱ֪أ
ĽŲһͣ
Ϊոշ£Ϊ̫̲࣬סʣҲ˹飿
Ҳ֮еζһЦ
Ųʲô磬Ū֮ǰСߡ
гҶһߣôСӱ˹飿
Ϲ
ֱ촽
֮컹ͦϡѵ֪˵֮ǰԼ
һ£˻ġ
ĬƬ̣⻰˵˳ˣָΪ飬֪СͿҡΪûһ
֮ɫؼ£磬磬ǡ
ĲںڰӲΪûҴСܾۡʱǵߣҴѲ˾ȻΪޡ
֮ҡҡͷӵҲΪŵҵ˼˲ٰۡ
һΪ֤ԼԲμ˼û뵽ȴԼĵܵܰ㣬ǧе塣
û壬һȱһƬǰĨ˾綾İдʱֻһˡ
ҹÿһ춼Ѫӵϰγһ㣬ֱȫγ˲ҵҡ
䱣סȱϣӴԺҲϰ䡣
ӣ֮͵Цܲˣ֪ҵ˶ҵļ廳ŴµĲرһҹ֮䱻š
üĿȻҵʱʮ꣬Ϊѧ˵èĹ޵С븴ȴЩ֫һš
ҺҴѲһʬѣһű˾¡
ڣȴȻһ
ΪֻԼ𣿡
Īأֻʨɱ˭ƤëʼȲˡ
һ΢΢̧ۿ֮ϵʹ࣬Ҵںֻһ¡ܣҲȱ͸ĶȻ˵Ҫ˺ٻԼҲԸ޸ҡ
ҸΪ˼棬ӦҶ˻Լϡ
ҳΪĲмԺҾԣһƱҪ˺ڡ
ȥþõɽصš
֮ҡҡͷһУǰҲʣǸδ޻ᣬһεɿĳۣ¶Լţûһ˰̣Ϊάͷ̵ġ
¹£ؿһɫ˰ֺ̣ˡ
ʶ뵽Լϵ˰̣̾ԭµδһغڡ
ɵʣα˻ģ
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Ͼһ磬˵С֪Ҳ˴š
һת֮ǿ˽ȴǲС
ʹһĵۣҲȥҵδ޼ȡûұƣԼֳΪһˣ˺ٻԼķҪΪ屨꣬ɴ˶Ͷ̥ת
ۣû뵽ɼҶҴš
һҹҵѪˮȾҵ̨ס
ԺҾͷһҪۣ
˵꣬һתⶼǹȥˣѱͲˡ
治⣬Ͳǵô
Ϲ²
ȻϹֵĻ𲻻
֮ȻʧЦܰɡ
³һ
𣺡СҲģҵʲôľϰɡ
һͷҳߵĵһɫ˪һغ
ʵҵһصСʱɽ
꼸ɽ³壬ɽҿй·µĵݣʱѾΪеһ߿ݹˡ
Һ첻·һؼϴ裬ųµ
ӴԺ֮·һǧѾ̳պ·صԶ
֮·ͬǰƤʹɽҲ֮¡
֮̾⻰˵üǡұɨسź׷ɱǧ࣬½š
ҲǷ·ת˭뵽ЩĴŲȻö۵أ
Ϲ֣ԭ죬Ƕһ¶һţٺɱ֮תתؽ˳ҡ
֮뿪δ޼Һһ⻽ƣҲ졣
ɲģ塣
һֲϣѾʦˡ
ǰϹҲɵó̾һһ·ʵǼգҺҰȻ
ΪƵľΪôһĵδޣ˶һۣͻȻʼϧ
֮ЦôҵĹ£㻹Լ𣿡
Ĭһᣬʣˣ
ۣ֮ҷĸһֱڱ֣ĸ׺ҵų˹ᣬ֮֮ЩôԵңҾôԵǣ
֮ûж˵
ȻҲûжʣⲨҺûеݵĵز
֮ЦһҿʼҲûСֱһһŮ˱ģͲܿƵˡ
ԱߵǸʦ֣͵šü
׻˵ֵ㣬Ů·֮ʼĵãڻЩССԼ̫СһϵͻᷢЩⶼǹƨ
վͱңѾûκˡ

֮ӿɽ̵ļ磺СӸղſԭΪ飿
ҵĲȣղҾΪˮޡҾȻΪ˲ʵڲɡ
ǰδҲ
һͷ
ģ֮һӺɷǾѣǾӱģ˱ǡʱ𣿡
Ůˣ֮Ϊ֮ϳ͸ûʲôܹע
ʼ˼
֮һЦȡۣһ
ֻϧӶԶ񶾵Ů˾лҪȻ뿴δ޳ʲô
СӣҪȥ̽ˣԵټ
˲䣬Ρ
ǰо죺˾ΣѵϾȻȫĹ
в£ü߳ؿ
һ̧ͷͿӽվڶʯǰһЦ
ӽܺݺһĻء
˳죬ҡضһͳӵص״Ľ¿ʼѣһԨ޿ҧ

֮˶ڣڶתһȦ
˶ڸֻڵķޣȷһ磺ĵһ磬ҲĲһ
ϹֵõǡõǡôһͷӵùҲ֪ĹǲǺǶһ
֮ŮҼöˣġġġģʲôûм᳤ܲĸ۰ɡ
˵ţԶԴڵĻǰ
λص⣬ղŵʯұ췭ظϲ֪˭Ѫ
һȺӽصԭأһŮӸǼת
ʦΪһǽϻīǹĻۣǲ緢ʲôˣ
һʦˮ˻أ˵·ӡһһƷĲޣܿ׶༪١
ŮɫȻɷףҪȥҿס
֮һۣʵһ۾Ϳû¡
עǰ޵滨Ůϣ˼ѵСӵĶ񶾵δޣ
޵飬޲ȥѳ飬ôСӵĶδޣСһɡ
Ϲֲ²⡣
֮һ°ͣСӵһҲ˶١
Ҫʲô
ͻȻһݵ𣬴˻ҡ
˻һŭĿӡ
֮һתͷһŮӱض
ۣ֮ĹﲻƯҲǧ
Ϊ¹˵ʲô˵ĻԱһ곤Ůһѣʦãôˣôô֮ǰ˹Ļ飬ղ־㡣ʱԷ֪㲻취˵뻰ǲ̫ûƤˣ
˻飿֮Ȼ򣺡ԭСӵǰδޡΪޣȻҪСӵͷҲȥĵǺҵҪһ񶾵Ů˳ʲô
ղŲ˵ûȤ𣿡Ϲ²ۡ
һʱһʱ˵ǸҲй֮޲ҵȻҪʶ
˵ţ˶ԼԷ
Ƕ񶾵ĹﻹڽƱ磺ʦ㣬˵뻰Ҫȫǣٲȥɾඣ
ֻ֮һ֮ᵽԷϵζ
ʱЩϤȴô벻ζǴʲô˵ŵġ
˼ʱԷƺУͻȻתͷ

֮ѿˡ
лҪ˵ѿˣʾ𾪣ˡ

 4 

֮ƵĵĴ
һСΪҵġŷ˶Էȫġŵġǧ˵׷ɱ治ɫġող˵ûʲô˴ʱ˿̡
ɵˡ
϶̲סһ䣺
Բۣ
֮ЩѣղźȵǵȫԴһ춯ص׺ݺݵš
ֺ͵ʼֱײײðǡ
֪򱭲ʴʱԲܺҲû߻ħ
˭ܸΪʲôǰŮˣνδδ޳á
һģһ
ǷüۣǺıǳԴ΢ЦļǸҹӸµһޡֺ
ѵƵˣ˵Ϊڲͬ磬ֻƺһɺϣ
֮ӡ̣෴ԵһߺޡɬǳѪҺĶأ͵ر
־ŭʶҪǰץȥϹּ״ôһ
СӣҪ嶯ҲһжɺϣֻǺǸﳤһģһأҿ˵
֮һ٣ʱԱߵʦ̧֣𰣡㻹ҽƱ磬ǲҪҳ㣿
𰡭𰣿
֮Ŀѡ
ɺϣ
ɺϸƨ
ǰδ޾ͽ𰣡
һģһһģһ֣ҪǸͷ͸Ϲ־
Ϲ֣
˲ǣ
һ˲䣬֮Ժתͷ
Ϊ
Ϊλ
ҪǣΪʲôΪ˱˵δޣ
رһ㣬ϸһغ󣬳֮ŭѪҺǵɱ¾ĶҺͱ뼵ʵɬˢǴһ׵ˮʴڷ
ǵöԷ֮ǰ˵Щں޵Ļǵίᣬǵꡣ
ΪԼѾ£û뵽ԷȴתĨ˰һС
ղԼС˵Щøһʲôϧʲô֮ͬʱŻһѪ
СӣҪ侲
侲ˣ
֮Цһ֪Щ˻Դ侲ƨ
ץס𰣬ȴԼ֮£йǿߵѰܱȵģľӢǿ͵ظһѹοֱˣ
Ϊؽ׵СϺһȻ󡭡ص˵ض
ʦ㣺𰰡
ȷѩỹϣôȥˣ
Сʦܺʦѳ鰡
֮  
ʧ㡣

ͷ
ԴӽӵʲôʱûԼڻҵְ𣬴ûһҪϷ
˭ܸΪʲôúúõģڻһڻҵŮĻܺIĻض
Ǻƻ飬ʶϵͳϵͳ⵽ô£
̡̡
㻹ܲˣ
תһȻϵͳźŲãзӦ˵ûʧ⵹Щ
̾ϵĻվͷһͷѾǸ󶴣ǵضظӣ֪Լӵȥˡ
ȥǲˣһʱҲҲֻһһˡ
̽ǰߣܺ谵޵ѪζŲ֪ʲôȥɳɳ˲
ʶذַ߹ǱޣȴԼ˸ա
Լǽڱͱ߸ճЩϰߵ졣
Ӳ̣ûܸоġοط͹ȷѩһĵطֶǱοء
˴첲Ҳ֪ǷԼĴԽǰԽñǶ޵һȳζʬ帯˶ζ
ȶҪתʱͻȻϮһŨصѪһɱ
һгһֻס죺
죡
𰣺
̽ʣ𣿡
ҡվһ˿IϢ㲻Ҫ
ᵽϵѪζԹԵͷ
ȥָָȴһ٣Ӿܡ
ߵһ΢أſȫѪüβһ
ԴǰԼһӺ󣬻ǵһοǱ
ʶذ뻹ϰԵصң
ô
ô
ͬʡ
㶣ȵ˵ƺ˻Ǿȥû뵽һаҾ͵ˡ
˻أСĵһһƷҪԵľҴһݣض׷ɱҡ
ӽݺ£ҲǶԷ棬Ҳûжʡ
ûע⵽ؿһۡ
˵ôôһ߶򲻹
⻰ڳΪ֪ʵԶֹڴˣӦףôܻ򲻹һֻһƷĲޣ
ԭľˣϵͳֲߣھֻˡ
ұΪֻһƷû뵽ҴһŶ֮󣬵Ƥ׶ƷƬΪīɫݣϤΣһʱû취
˵˴ϳɵɫѵóΡ
̲̿ס˭أ³Կ˰ɡ
һ٣ô֪ߣ
ߣҲֻԼ֪
ʱǵߵһΣΪ˻ȥֻͬҰһѪ⡢ҹɽ֡
ֻܵ࣬θ̲ˣͿʼкѧϰûʳŪͬʱҲѧҹӡ
ǵĺɽȺǳСҧһڣҹǿԺ߾Ͳð亹ʹǿ֮ܿסԼҲⲻɫס
ض¼ʮɳߣ治ɫ֮Ѿһˡ
Ĭһ˲Ҳһ˲Сʱҳߵʱ㱻ŵöҲܶˣ
ǰɫ΢䣬ֱ촽ղǹӻþȫûˡ
֪ǰһǰͿ϶ǰǵ¡
СʱԼƵ«ȻǷ۸
ҲǷղ˻ܺԼ˵仰ֱճɸӰˡ
ʣǽǸô죿ҿһʱҲҲǣѵԴ𣿡
תߡ
ıӰ־
εش˴üĸϡ
û͸оǱʲôһ
Ҫס𣬵˻ֱŤأסûڡ
ֻԽ͸оʲôŪȫļƤˡ
ʵ̲ˣס𣬶ԷͻȻһֽ󣺡ˣ
ˣ˭ˣ
ͷƤһը
ֻһ죬ʯӴͷ£ҵͷ³һңһ̧ۣͿһСôص

Ǹɶ
Ҹ˵ģҪߵľ
īۡ˵
̧һСɽ˫۵ƣһȳ˱ǣϸһͷѾð˫ǣɲѾҪˣ
𰰵Լô˵ˣһֻʲô
ֻһŵѸҹŻȥ̾Լֻһֻ߾СڻΪɶҪŶ
ҪǲǸ֡Ǹ¸öãҪȻھܴϾķСƵIϷ۵Сʦˡ
ʵԹֻѾſԨڳҧ
СһΣһâ³ġƺ뵽Լǰɵһһ١
ô˻ߴ磬һӦŭܲ˵س
ֵһһβɨϣȳһѪ͵ס֣ߣ
𰱻ÿҪһ·һ·ܣۿͶ·۾⣬͵ؿԱһӣһӣ
תͷ˲ͽ𣺡ȥ

ͷҡ
һͷã
ͨһ˺ˮ
ˮ֪˶꣬ˢʬ𰱻һˮȳζɵٴΰ̾ԼʲôӦϾ̵غСƣΪҪ
ˮҲ֪˶ٱҪɱˣʹҲûá
֮ʱһֻǽڷסˮ棬ͷһһµɽ
߳ˮ棬ϵˮݣ䱸شΧ
ǿʲôط
ͷҲ֪ʯʯʣЩʲݣӦڴ
δ䣬͵תͷʹںڰҲóķ졣
𰣺
һͷͿԼˮʪϵȹ˺֣
Ŷ
ˡ
ЩڵǼ⣬˾ûʲôڻһСëͷȻúߡ
һԷͮͮĶֿӲıӰĪñĶЩȡ
ĥһᣬȻѵϵͳ˵ģ˹һ
ʲôϷݰôӵˣ
ɼʲôûҪҲǶԷҪҲղˮ¿鸹ʲô뷨ûУ
εסͷҪƳĬֻǺǲϣһſھȴ˸硣
Ҳ֪ǷԼĴܸоɽﻹбˡ
һܣȴʲôûп
Ȼʲô
ƷۼʹҲʲô
֮ʱͺվǰղڶѾϹֺúȰˡ
Ϲ˵Ϊͬͬ磬ʹͬͬͬòҲпܲͬһˡ
һ˵ʹδޣԶԷǸǿҲʲʲô侲úò̽һ
ϾһϤ磬¶ҪСġ
֮侲ΪȻ
ʱЩɰĵףξ䡣
ֻǸһɽͿʪһһܻӭﲨ
֮
ǿ벻̣


 5 

ϹָϽȰ֮ʱˣǧҪס
֮Цҳ֮û̹ѵҪؿǰ
Ϲ͵һ£ѵСӸղŶ˵Ļ˵Լδһȵʱ֤ϲСӰ
˹Ļ飬ֺαصĹϵ
֮
԰ôû뵽һ㣿
Ȼ˹飬СҲ˹
ָоԼһ˴һƣʱеί֪˴һһơһһŵʱ򣬴ʱǵίȫɢĻõƽ⣡
֮˻Ĺ̻һ飬رĲ״﷭ȥĥԽԽ
ԭСҲûֵ˺ãҵò£
ò˵οˡ
ֿ֮ʼ˵öԣȷʵ侲
뵽ʲôʪʵԲܸҸȼĻᣡ
ʱȫ֪֮˼ͨĶ˵ʲôȴȴһ硣
ӵĺ壬϶ˡ
ûлͷ㡭·𣿡
ӣ͸ˡ
ƺһתͷ
һ֮ȻεӲ
ɫ԰ףԥ˵
ĺˮڵ£һܹɢģҵƫԸֺס
֮ǣܰ
ôֶ£
Щԥ䰡ǰǸ¯ȥȡȡůһԼӦûںʱڣָòȥ
𿴳ԥŴ󲽾߹
ȻΪǰн٣𲢲ǸɿŮСˣǸƵֱֱ֪ʲôʱüǳʲôʱ÷¡
ضֻʣˣֱŤǺԼȥ
˵ָҪഥʱ䡱һԱߵĵ͵شһ𣬻˿Ƶģ欵ػ˻Ρ
𰣺
𣺡
Ϲ֣Ǹɶ
֮ջָ⣬ЦΪҿСռˣǰΣ

ʶ˺һͷһԭǻөڵ棬ȼ˲ϡ
˳˵
ʵԼС
ճȭǺáϢȲ̽һΧ
ıӰʧڹսǣһܵԱߣĻөųĶӣ̱һ΢΢
Һó֮ʶө棬Сطй֮ͬġ
ߣڻԿʼɥüۡ
ʵڻĲð죬һСĻᱻĵǰɱΪδ˶顣
Լ񻹲㣬ʱ˲ȱÿʹһѣһ˵Ĺʸźü˵ĻĴţûô
ڣȷѩûеԼȴȵˣúһ
һŪˣεô죿
˵ôģ濴Ϸúúõģô͵أ
ʱֻө˻ձ
̾ӫӳշ죬۽ǵʪһ˿⡣
ĵط֮ǰӳӰͫ΢
ֻһȭ֮Ժš
ȫоԷϢҡͷԵ취ȴ֪ԼıǼÿζͶԷĲ
СӣɵˣϹ
֮͵ػعʶЦһҿŮ˲ôΪʧ񡣿ѾʮˣͿˡ
ȻϹֿĵطָ΢΢
ʶѾʮˡ
ǵԼǸСӵʱ򣬳é®»żҶ͸ڷɽ˵ؽޣҶҧˣҲ㱻ҧֱۡ
ǧһ֮ʣһ޾ƿ˲Ƥ
һͷͿһŮżʦվԶŮӸ³ؿ
ƣսġ
͵رײһ£յʱ򣬲֪˾δıδޡ
ȻʮأȻ˵Ѳ⣬˵һĳĿ
өĳѣµۡ
֮𰣬
֣ϸһʵͼǸ𰻹ЩĲͬ
ҲΪ͵ԭǰ𰻹Щۣչκ죬·һ°קʮǰصǸ౻ײһµǸ硣
̧֣
𰣡
ͻȻ߻һ
֮͵ջ֣֪ǰջźһ
Īе
ҿһȦֻҪ˴ڵĺۼ֤϶гڡ
ůЩˣϵĻվгھͺãҲԴСֻˣŪôҲûзӦ֪Żͳȥˡ
Ҳ̽˵˺ĵضǴܾ׸֣һһҪСġ
ͷ
֮Ҳվ˱ۣճȭ
Ϲѵûд
룬ൽôʵѾǰŮ˾δޡ
ΪΪγΪδޣҪ۲졣
˽ǰߣ֮Ҳֻøϡ
ֻͳ֮˫ѾõҹǸϹˡ
û͸оʯӰһ¡
һ̾Լôôù
ˣǲܻٵģ嵹µʱʶס
ʶػعͷס
֮ҲӦ͵ֱס
ʱƺһ˲ͣ
һǿվɵһ
ֱۼָЩӲû°ɣ
ҡҡͷû¡
վֱ壬ʶһ˰ȴʲôû
ѵղŵĸоǴ
֮ջֱۣ֣۾
վ󣬿סϵȶȣ᫣ҪСġĿĻץסҡ
Щᣬָ⣬ܾͿղֻөѼϼһطɵм䣬ӨӨһϯ֮ء
𰣺
𣺡
ŹֻӰɡϹȰ֮Ҳס
֮ջָ⣬Цǰռˣ


 6 

𰿴ССĻө棬ʵͿˡ
һ£͵ؾԼ˾̫嶯Ѹٵջ֡
á
˻ө棬·ͺ߶ˡ
ûԶһˮƺܵʲôز
ô£ˣЩš
ɫͻȻһ䣺׷ˣ
ʲô
׷ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ˮ޷Զʲôˮ滺һ˶ͷ
ôţƤһﶼ׷У
Ӧǰܣө£ŵøϽˡ
֮ߣʶ̧֣뻹Ǿ䡣
߳ˮ棬˿Хɫһ.ǹǰһ޾ɨ߹һͣ
һ겻ɢȻ׷˵أȵֵһϿߣ
𰣺Сˣӱ
߸ƨûǳʲô
һۣƺЩж
֮ЦһԿԧ죡
ϹֵԻǡ
֮
ǲܴģһһСİô죿
ŲۣҪ̽Ѱ˳㿴Ϸˡ
Ȼ֣ǰСҲǿԵġ
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ΪͬδҺĴ˲ͬ
⡭
Ϊͬͷȴûı

ΪͬΪδȴϸŶԷӲ벻
СӣҪ侲
侲ƨ
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𰣡
һͷ

ҡġ衢ѽ


 7 

һĸ磬֮ĵڶ硶Եʡ
ֺܸ֮ߣСһϰĺӡԼļԽ˼ȡҵΪһ㹦޵У۸ڶ
ֱλڵұš
ףԭԼΪļڱͬһֻϣһ̵ֱ֣ڱǰֵһᡣ
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ÿζǰȻٱһͨһ٣顣
ͷ˳֮ĳֵøŵ³
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ȵ΢ˣȻ׼һѽصڵϡ
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𣺡Ҫǰ֪ǰŮһǰѣǰŮѺܻܿҪٻ˫򡭡


 8 

ƺõ֮󿴼֮ᷢʲô
˭
ǰδ
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Цˣʵһδ򣬺ĸͷ
Բֻۣ޲ͷҪ˸ô죿
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ҲǰˣѾ˻ˣ
˻ֻǽڶѣ֮䣺Ϊ֪СӵرȻĻ飬ȴûнӳ⣬Ȼ˵Ųϲȴ޷˵ظ±ӣȻ飬ȴ֮ûжߡ
ҸղŸ󿴵װף𰣬ʱ㻹ƭң
𰱻ŵһУȴѹϡ
ʱƺһ
ͷƤһը͵ֱ塣
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ѵǡ
ʶأ͵ؿıӰ


 9 

ҹ룬ϾķϺȾơ
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Ƿзƣ
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֪Էģ˵ʵг˸˲ûн·ϡοԷδ˵Ҳýơ
ڶԷһ㴰ֽƣôԺҲˡ
֮ʱȫµŮ˶ĺ֪ʱҲԷˡ
ᣬлл⡣ֻλһղҾһղὫ˼ڶŮ鳤
ҶˡӯӯһݣúϢ
ǱӰ֮üͷһֽϵľ̳ɨһߣⲻ˿ֱϵץۡ
ſţɵáһ
ʲôֲΪžܾģΪδͷӾֻһ֪𣿡
Լֱһ£±㳤Ů˶ǣӲŲɵõһϣ
˵ţƺʲôӣóؽװƷһǧʧԭء
ҹɫ֪ʱվơ
һ㳱ʪĿ֮γ˽⡣
ʵһ仰˵öԣȷʵסһˣǸȴ𰡣
˵ԼڱŵʱǱ˾£ͳΪһ߿ݹǡ
ˣסŮˡ
ԶҲԶĹǰһѸֵԼѪ͸ĸѪһ
ʹǻģѪȵģҧʬ˳һϢʱ򣬿һ˫ɫЬ
Էѵߣ˽ľ
ûк˵һ仰ҲûἰԼһ£ֻÿ쾡ľظιҩڽ˻
ڴϵĳ֮Ψһӡ̵ģǶԷӣվ°Ӱ
ǸŮһססꡣ
֮ƿľݵķ䣬Ѿҳ
ӴԺǴƬĻһķĹ
Ѿˡ
ǿ֮ȥʱѾǿɱˡ
û֣ҲûֻƬֻһء
֮ڷǰ£
֪㲻ȾƣҲûд
˵ţȥĹϵӲݣܾû㣬Ҳ֪²µ㰲ԸǽķĹǨߣ²Ը⡣
̾һŷĹԱߵǿЦһ꣬Ϊڷ絲꣬±һô
ǰһֱںԺʱŰվ£Ҳ֪ʲôƺϲ¡
ЦһƮϵ˿ұ㣬ȴˡΪҡǸŮˡ
˵ҵδޡѻˣְҴ⡣ǰΪڹȴû뵽һúúõģһС
˵ţķҵȾˣ뻹
벻ͨΪζǸС˲ͬϸϵɽ»𺣣ȴΪδҵͷûСʱӣͶҺɱȫˡ
һ
Ұץٴ㿴϶ʶɣ㳤ƯҲᡭ
һ٣յءһʲôأȫûпɱԡ
ôѪŮˣôܻϵһͷ˿
µôˣ˶ϵĺһڼܻܿܳʱ㣬Լౣء
һߣͻȻǼһ
ƺһϤڱǶˡ
Ǿ㣿
ʶػͷһ۾ͿԣѾ꽽¶ͷľ̳
֪ΪΣԽԽ졣
첽ߵ£һѽ̳𣬾磬̳ϺȻĸ֣
⻨ƣ
¡һ˺գ֮һɣ̳˲ѡ
лҪ˵Ϊ˸ɧػͷ

 10 

Ȳ˵֮Ϊһ̳ķߣѾĦȭ׼һˡ
ʦͷӽܽе˴ѲڵĵصǣֵԶвΪһҪԴ
Ϊ׶ԷһԺҲɳӡ
һһǹȷѩϣĸ
֮ǰѾ֪ƽؽ£ֻзӽ֣кһ״ƽӦˡ
֮ǰСʦܵʦ㣬˾ķҾΪ˵һûȷʦֿ׶ˣһȥ񣬿Ҫһ㣬ˡ
²ܡһ£ʲôʱҵľ
ʦʦãǲ֪ﵽ˭ҲһλᣬҪúù۲ѡһҪˡ
ѵһ𣿡
ݱʦͬţͺͷӽ·ˡ
һ·ϣΪϴƽڵ¶ԷӽĮԶԣӽȻ飬Ȼ״˵ϴֻûзӦԲǼȡ
˵Ŀ£𰲻ɵվȥס
һͿǰŨ̹һһӰ
͹ȷѩˡ
ߵĻӲת˸䣺׵黹ϾҪƽڵ顭ҾԭһΣ²Ϊ
ӽܴϲֻǸһ룬ͿӰЦ͸͵ر˿ˮƵģϾһš
һīɫѣ׶೤ĳ.ǹɱ
ȷѩһϮ£ʹŨ̹ƮȻɡ
ӽЦʦ˵ʱڳϣôô
˵ӽܿΣ˵ôţԻȥûһҲûи״ǸųĵСʹݺҲҵҵ
޿֣̬ȸˡ
֪ǵģŻһɱڲûʱѡ
ûӦĿ΢̧
·׼һЩ
δ䣬һ١
Ŀɨ𰣬ϹһƽƽƤޣ͸߱ޡ
תͷһͷӽȻһƥмľ͹ȷѩ˺ܶࡣ
ƫͷձȾκ죬ӽϿƴŲͷüϲǲҲزסġ
һŵһЩ
ӽܺһãһ˾͸ңʱЪϢ
ӡʦááһ֮ϵʵķԾ
סȫļƤ񣬵˵ͷ
ȷѩһЦʦֿģ˵ǰ𣿡
ȻһתͷѾתͷˡ
ȷѩһ㶣ǿһЦʱ䲻ˣ߰ɡ
һߡ
ﵽԭҪʱ䣬ʮ֣ʮȡ
·һ̯ϢŷӽȥҪ裬ȷѩȥѡʱٵذһӵĻ
һ㶣򿪺ӣ־Ȼ͸ľ
ҵıˣǾ͵ֻǲϡġ˵ңǷҲжǣ㻹ԼŰɣ
ĵҩšһüΪûа߱޴ϣ
ʦֿ˻᲻ϲ
ս˺ӣ㡣
仰ֿʼ㡱ˡ
ɹȷѩŲ˶ľСĵʣ
ôˣǳ𣿡
ûС
ȷѩһ£ĳؿ
磬ڳ֮ǰҵʲô˵һ·ǧϣĸܺúദ
֪ȥСܲһֱ˵ɡ
䣬ͽһ
ʱ䲻ˣɡ

ȷѩǸؿ𰣺⡣ƢŰúܣǰ
֪һЦϾҺǴСһ𳤴ġ
ȷѩһ㶣ǿһЦ
תͷϵͳ֪ʣ
˵ҸղǲǺܶ񶾣
е㡣
һͷ񶾾Ͷ񶾡ȥ֮񲻳⡣
ٶ·;ҹޡ
ĹûǼߣҲǺãеϾͿʼ˯
ֱᵽһȻһѣ
𰣬Էˡ
Ժһ۾Ϳһ¡
ƽʼۼڡ
ʶش˸¡û²ҪԼԼ
۾ͿȷѩվǰݸԼ
£ʹϵġСҲĿġ
סһ⣬Сĵؽӹл
˵㿾治ۣӦ˹
˭ģ
ȷѩ߲ŪѱЦ翾ģҲû뵽ôá
ڻǰ΢΢˲ͷ
𰣺
ޣ³ҲˣҼĴˡ
ȷѩεؿû˵ӳ
ɣӽܵҲˣ˹
ãҵİɡ
ӹݺݵҧһڡ
ȿȿȣ
ֿɬ
ͻȻǰˮ
𰽩Ӳתͷߣɫ
ֿұߣ΢Цķӽܡ

ͳΪûг֮ҵ˼ѣ

ڽּ䣬ȴǲ֪ѿһ޿ڣת˲ͱ
һ޳ӰϢسڲԶ
֮һ̳⻨ƣɫӶڴǰߡ
һ̧ͷͿһǰŮΧһŮԣƺڽʲô
Цĸ磬Ů˶鷳Ĵڡƫƫ޴˶ЩˮŮ֮͡
ȡϹ̲סСӣһ仰Ҳò˵ûоŮƺе졭

֮һ

𰣬ˮŮˣ
лҪ˵ʮ֮ʱ䶼޸Ļ׽档

 11 


꿽ʣϵͳû˵
ҲֻԼΣҲû⡣
ϵͳĴ𰸶ѾҪˡǳĬұǷŭķӽܣǰɻĹȷѩ˵Ļ㡰Բˡ
ԣˮҪ˭ģ
ߣǰδ
ұߣڻңͷ
ƺһõԶ׼
ԥؽӹӽϵˮȻһЦ
ллʦ֡
ӽܾżʤĹһ˼ӣؿһۣ
ûУòˮˮջȥɡ
û˵һջˮ
ȷѩǿһЦ磬ҲˣˮҰɡ
ˮڵϣ
ȥץ㡣
ߣȷѩ˲ˮϽȥ磬Ҳȥ
ͷҲûأá
˲䣬Ӱʧԭء
ȷѩһ㶣յض˶š
ͷԹؿһ𰣬˵ʲôȴԼûʲôԹֻöȥԱȥˡ
ӽܺһͷصʦãˮ𣿶СӣҪ㿾ôѳԣǺ𣿡
𰣺
⵹һҵĹеһƴģ

о仰˵úãվǻˮرˮŮˡ
ȫ̵
֮ҧϹ֣㲻˵Ҳ㵱ư͡
֮ŭϹֹЦôѾܾûп֮߳ŭˣ˺Ȥ̼
δ޺ܲ򵥣ôôԸ𣿡
ֹǡ򵥡ֱǡӡúܣӦһѾͷöŮ˾ȻܹӦһǰδһͷΪԴ׻ȫˣ
ƽϣʱ˿̼ˣ
˱ŮŪڹ֮Уôµļƣ
ҧгݣôԸֱӰ°ߣҵô˵㣿
ãǰ첻ڻǾǸŮ𣿡
Ϲôʣղһֱɱĳ֮ȴͻȻĬˡ
Լеĸ⻨ƣĳ
Դһǰǿڳ⻨֮һ²ͻȻӿͷ
𰡭᲻ȹǸŮӣ
֪뷨̫ƣȴҲֹסͷԽԽŹĶ
Ȼֻ֮һͨ㣺ϲȾơ
ͬ뷨֮ܰЩѪһļ󣬺е鶼пԵĽڡ
ľ﷭ȥһ£𰡣
ֻû뵽յǿڴľͱˮ̳
һһԱߵķӽܣһ۾ͿԷǸݰ
ӽܲΪ壬鷳˾ֻʣˡ
һȻӲɣҾʹڲƲͳˣ

Ӻ׵̳㣬ȴûϻȥ
ڲݵڣˮ
ʵ侲֪ԼղŵĶжô嶯Ҳ˵˻֮裬˵Ѿ˷ӽܣͲðˮݸ𰡣
Ȼͬģ嶯ܰͲǳ嶯ˡ
ƽѾ嶯һˣһʱͬԻ˫ۣԷκۿĳԷ߾չ˻䣬һʱ֮侹Ȼ֮ľ
ΪصԺܹعǣȴû뵽һԷرǿѵҩԼûдԼ͸֮߱ʱеһ˿ŭ
ķ޳͸Է뷨ȻԼġ
ҹɫ²Եˮ棬Űѵ̾һ
"һǰ㻹緢ôﰦ̾
ͻȻһԱȻ̧ۣȫްһֳ̧.ǹŭȻƿȥ
ֻһ.ǹԭⲻ˻ס䱸ؿˡ
ֻһ޳Ӱͥˮīһͣɢңһ̳׹׹ɰ
һǰƽǸɢ˭
㣿
˳.ǹȴû½䱸
֮ͨģȥеľȣһЦ
Ϊ˭ҹǰɱĴ̿ͣ
ղ飬һʱӦȣеﻹ¡
֮һЦҲҲпԭ
Ϊλ
֮ҲɢȻߵľ㵽ġڴϢһҹû뵽ῴ㡣ô˻еľ̳꼴ԵοΣҪҪһ
ᵽ㣬ɵõһͷ
ں¡
ؿų֮ƣͳƱЩΪγŶҪžƱһ˳ŶҪһ̳ƣʲôˡ
һ򿪾磬һڣǰһþƣ
֮һЦ
ܲδϲȵľƣΪģû뵽СӣҪǡ߷ɹԲ̳ơ
˺һ֮ô֣ղŻЩ䱸һȥԷ˳۲١
һ֪֡
ҽг֮
ҽ
𡣡֮ȥеĺâһһٵص֪ˡ
ΪǶԷƽģûж롣
ʣƽʲôôûкȹҲû־ơ
֮Ѿ̳ĸֺۣ
⻨ơ
⻨ơһ飺ֵܺ
֮Сĵظһ㣬δϲľơ
δޣ
һ㶡
ϴƽһ棬ͶԳ֮еδӡ̡Է˵Ů˲˶ԷףѶԷţ֮˶Էؿһ˺ݶŮˣĻմȾŮ˰ֵĶΪγ֮ǸŮϲľƣ
֮¼ˣӵȵľ仰
³ޣǣϲľơҼǵǻû˻ʱÿھƹݶʱһ̳ССڵغȣϧòˡ
⻨ϡУʱɣһҹͺ޲ñӳҡ
֮⣬֪˵˵ţĻ˴ǰ
뵽Ǹҹ𰻤ž̳ĽģԾعǡ
ǴСĻԼ𣿡
ǣҲ֪֮ҵδޡ
ҺǴСĻԼһ𳤴˵ƣҺҲ͵͵غڴµľƣв˵˵ȥ
֮
Ȼɹ˻⣬֪Լδ޺ͱ÷ܰлл
֮һ״ʣ
أôˣ
û˵Ʋغһڡ
βŵ
лң֪˵Դϴκƽһ֮ҵԺܳᣬ֮˵Ų뿪ҵĻ
ֻ֪鼱֮˵Ļ֪Բпᣬ֪ңһǿƲס
֮
ô죬ɱСӡ
Ū޵ôСӵΪԷ᣿
ͬʲôమɱ˲֪ٴΣ
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ҡҡͷǡֻǡʼ͸Ѿ˱ˣȻȴܸһִ
֮ˡ۽Ǿһ飬ٶȰеŭϸ
ӦԱߵǸ˴̼
ĸҲôȹ̣ѾʼֻҪټӰѲ񣬰ֲԹޣʱֱӲɢԹŮˡ
̾
ұҵδ˻ʱҲҹδ߹
һ⻰ͱȤ
ڶԸһϲͨһ飬֮ǹˣ϶ܸһ㽨顣
֮ŵ
ʱұļҶ⣬Ⱳӷȴû뵽õһλԵκϵϵˣϵȴ޷
ô߳ģ
֮ҲһھƣҲǸ߹ֻҪöƺҲ˸ϵʹο֮Ŵ˺ңҲӲˡ
û˵
õĻܷˡ
֮룬ֿʼͼӴף
οӺɷܽŲֹһŮ˵ϣ֮ôŮˣҲŷϱƯŮ˶ǣһ
кʵģֺαֻϣ
侲ط˵Ѿ£֪ͲὫȥ¼ǵôһϲľơ
֮
С
ҡ۽ޣҺûеݵĵز
ֻǳһӶѣûнҴţҲûһδȣ㹻ˡ
ǲֹйԼдСһ𳤴֡ŬΪңҲûҪɱ
֮
ȴ֪ԼһȻʼϧڣδ޵ϷãѾʼͨˣ
߷ģҰοģ
֮ĿϹЦ
סĲǣȻǴСһ𳤴˻飬ǸӲԭ𣿡
ǲܵ͵ìܣҲмҺ顣ΣҶ̤δ޵ĺ󳾡
֮һ˾Ʊ
֪˿̸˵ʲô
Ľ
ĽܺСһ𳤴
Ǽʣ
ȻҲ˹Ļ飬ȴûеݵĵز
ǰûڣ
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˵ʲôԶһ
磡ô
ʱп˲٣лֿҸˡ
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ģ
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֮˿ɫҲ֪ԼʲôʱߣܲܺǴպһ
ͷҲãҰܸǡ
֮룬ζһЦ

ڻԣ˯
ӽȻ𣬵ؿ㣬ȷѩתȰ
ȹôˣ书ôߣôܻ£㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ȷѩۿû˵
˸Ƿ
һ룬Īش˸
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˴첲Դһգӽܺߵ
㿴ⲻǻˣ˵꣬һתϣô˻Ǹˣ
£·ܵһ̧ͷ

졢죬˹
лҪ˵õĵͼ:

Ps:ֳˣң

 12 

ʣһ쿴ԼǰδǰǰδɺøԼһʲôܣ
𣺡Уܾش
֮һǰһ߳һЩϲ
Ȼ˵ʱû¾.Լһ֮๫ɣǴû뵽һܡ롱ͳ֮ͷϣ
ͳ֮˭
һĵɱĴ
һаȺĴ
ųһǻصĴڣһļʱȻײҪͣ˵ҪǺгദֱеδתɽ˺ĻҪ˾㤣
Ȼʱòϣöʲôʲôпܼʶ
Ǻгһǰδְܾذǰǰδˣ̸ޱȺг
ô˸жĻ棡
˹ǻ顢Ǳӻǵδ޵Ļ
ʱ˿̣òҪãһǰﻥ˿ˮֶĿһļȻˡܺˡ׼һ˸һ
ԽԽô£ų֮ǵЦݽթڿԼϵĿ⣬Ŀ¶׹⣡
ǲôҹôж˿飡
вУøϽߣ
ϵͳϵͳҲˣϽߣ
̡
һؼʱ̾͵ӵķ
𰣡
͵ػعŵһ顣
תͷ˶Լӽܵ
ãղɢޣг֮ҪǼպһ
Ҳ֪֮˵ʲôӽ۸ڶѵÿͿؽܱˡ
ûжקתͷӲһЦ
֮Цеص
μ棬дŻ

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ɲؿȴüңԼζһЦ
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𰣺
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Ϊʲôһֱ˵һû¾Լ￴ʲô
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͵͵̧һһˣǰδһͷʣһŮҲġСҵѽʲô˼伲࣡
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ǿһЦû£ҿǳԵе࡭
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⸡⻨ƵҲ˸˽ˡ
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ԺͶ־ơ
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ƺĿ⣬ԥһ£Ҫݹȥ
ӽܸϽ˭ٺģҲ˵ڻŲѵ֪ͲܺȾ𣿡
⻰һͳ֮һ١
ǰһ˰ӽ֪ܲ͵͵ȹƵ£ֻԼ֪֪ΪΣһ𰣬еǵ㲻ܿɢˣ΢㡣
һ۾𰣬Ҳװģ
뵽ͷǰװԹŮҲܰԼƽȥֻؿ˻ȥһƽ˶Էĺ
ҭ
ȾͲȣϡ
һ¶ǣ֮Ūűӣ빫ӣĹϵǡ
ӽܺ˾ƣɫκһϲɫͬʦáҽոס
ŶǾڳһˣ˶δˡ
ۣ֮ɫ΢䡣
ϽһûӦأ
ӽЦã֪ʲôûбʾģɺҾף
𰣺
磬
ǰ˵⻰ãǰը.һСľͻը̻
ȷѩĽؿһۣ߲ɵ͵𣺡ʦģҲ֪ʲôʱŻȵһ졭
һ
üģֱˡ
ӽʣǱã϶ҲõŮӰɡ
ȻСѾһδޡ
ͷƤʶһը
δޣҲˣ
ԣʵҺͶ˻飬ϧѾˡ
֮šһüȻˡķɫڻӳЩ㲡
Ϊ
Ͻס죺㣬ʣ
Ǻ˾ƣӽܵҲЩ֣ãּȻ˵϶Ͳѯʡ
֮һЦûʲô˵ģܣѻˡ
ľ
Ļˣ֪ģ
˻飿ӽʶ˹£⻰ýӡ
ˣǲǴ
Һó֮Ҳѣ߱ޣһǵҺĵһŭӸµؿңһҾͶġʱҲ֪ҵδޡ
ֱ״Ҽ߶Ҳ֪ǸŮδŵӡ

˵ţƺǰһ
˱ֻ𰷭˸ۡ
˵ĵһ֮⣬ڸ״Լϳҵʱ棬뵽СӻԼȥҾƺȵʱĳ
һܰɡ
ȷѩɵૡ
֮̾һ
ô᲻أҹҹﶼ֡
˵ţһЦҹɫЩҰס
ǲǡ˼
Ǻ޲˺˳ɡʶش˸
ӽ꣺㼴ʹ˻Ҳѵˡ
֮סͷôƣʵҲûк޹Ǹʱұ׷ɱΪһˡεӰֻֻ׽
һϣȥȴ˻顣ҡ
𣬵Ǹղź˵һỰŷôϣﶼʹѵҵĿڣҲ
³һ󼸸ֲû
ȷѩۿ΢죺ӣǸˡ
ļ
ƺ뵽ʲôתͷעĲ
ӽҲУס֣ʦãԺһúôġ
֣ͻȻоָһ
ʶһתͷͿ֮ջ֡
𣬱µüҳһ



 13 

ʣͷ棬ǰδǰǰδ͵.һʲô飿
˭˭֪̣
оָ۽ǲɵһ顣
ǰ֪֮ΪôҲû뵽ᵨزô˵ϷŪ
οĺ棬Ͳתͷһư
뵽Ͻ֡룬òȫɫŲһƨɡ
ôԶô
֮Լָ⣬ζһЦ
ӽܿ˻ȥŲԼˡ
΢죺ãðʧˡģ˵Ļ١ǻȥҿ϶Űݷá𿪳ʲôҶӦֻҪ㲻
εس˳ǣʵҲô
ŪŻѣĿ⿪ʼް
ȷѩ֮ģɵðο
ӣȻ˰δޣǰ׷ͺˣҼ⽭ҲȻֲסδġǿĻǻл᣿
ΪҲ𣿡֮תͷüŰΪûԹ𣿿ǲУѾˡ
ˣȷѩס죺ѵѾ
ӽͬü̧ͷ
ǰֻ֮Ѿ˳ѵڱ֮ǰ飿
ģ֮һһ仰ںα۵
ȥʱ򣬷Ѿδˡ
𰣺ȿȿȣ
𣺡
ȷѩεذַ£˵ʲôȴְҲԣֻøɰͰ͵ذο
ͺܡܹˡ
ӽϵͬ齩סˣοų֮תΪеͬ飺
֣ܿˡ
ĳ֮ļ硣
ס֮Ѫˡе˵ⱲӺƲ
ҧгݣͻȻоָһǱʲôŪһ£һͷݵһС΢΢ҡΡ
ôһ£
ѵǡ
ʶؿ֮
Էһգۡ
Ȼ첻ΪĵĴһıôûа취
ˣεġ
磬Ҳ֮һΣȴܴϵ˺֮ǿ߾Ѿܴﵽͬ.ְţʵʣ塣
ǰ֮ܿŪڻҵͷûһõϣ
ǶС欵ҡΣƤӺݺݵһ飬һתͷ۲Ĳ
Ǳߣ֮һþˣһҲ
Ƕðοң֪ⶼҵĴȥ̫˻ᡣ
ȷѩ¶ͬ飬ɫǺ죬˸ۡ
֮͵̧ۣɫ죬ﲻ
˶عͷ˶֮ľ𰻹ִ֮ͥ±˰..ֵܸ߳Уҧ
û¡
ϳ죬ϳ˺۽κ죬Ȼصƽɵһ
ĬصݸһˮŤֽˡ
лл
ڼֱðһˮֱͬء
Դӳѵüʾһǡ
֮һۡ
հˮ͸оǶ仨һġ
ۡ
һˮһ͸һԼһ
ʶص֮Է治ɫسһЦ
ȷѩܵߣ磬·ʪˡ
ҡͷ¡
ˮݣȻȥ𰣺𰣬㡭
𰷢Լܶˣݺݵص
Ҳɣȥһס
ߡ
ŮҪ·ӽܸܲȥֻܴ󺰣ʦãжޣʲô´ң
ıӰһ´
֮˸ʱ䲻ˣҲ˯ɡȥһЩ֦

𰻻·ûó֮
ضѾʼ
տʼԷʱǵźͺȫΪŭĽŲһͷȴͻȻ͵Ƶϡ
֮ĺľࣺ
ղǰˮȵĸоôǲÿһ̶˵ʲô˵Ļ
̧ͷǹģ
ǹΣۣ֮ôֺˣ
뷴һһٵص
ΪҺ׹ѾǼޣû뵽һ绹һӽܡ𰣬㵽˶ˣ
಻٣ҲͰ˸
Ȼ⻰϶ǲ˵ģ
ˣҺǸĸ֮ý֮ԣá׹Ѿˣ㻹ʲôָΪ飬Ҳϲһӽܶѡôĺ֪ƾʲôָң
֮Ц⻰һ˵˺ô˵ľ㲻𣿡
𰣺
ͦ۵ġ
߳ŭⲻ£ҺľѾһӾͽˣ
֮һͣҧ˵ҺԶֻҪһ죬Ҿͻǿһ
εһüͷ
㵽ôҵģô𣿡
֮һɫ˳һѷʵϸҾͺǸСӼ档춼ȥίһ֪ࡣ㲻Ҫϴһ׵ߡʲôʱʧҶߡ
ᣬһƨڵϣͷŹϱѾǰ㻹
⻰һ֮ĺһ͡
ʶ˸ղźں˵Ļ
˵Ըصĸޡ
ѪͬһǵֻҪʵڣ˾ԶûǰһĿܡ
֮ǰỹĿ̾һɵ
ұŹ㣬һط
˵꣬ͳһ̳
̳һʹûдƿҲζ˱ǡ
ǰһ
֮һЦҾ֪ϲǺȵҵģһ̳ʮġ
۰Ͱ͵ؿѾ򿪣ӹȥҪ͹һڡ
Ҵһڳġ
ۡ
֮ؿǱôȲȥˣǲʲô
𰿴ĳļƤˡ
ܰɣ֪ˣ
֪ҾǾǸˣ
Բۣϵͳѣû˵Ϸʮ껹ɱడ

ž㣬ҿ˳˼ӵļ䡣
ȷʵǾ˳֮ҲǲѶΪ֮
ԭȷʵһŮӾ˳֮ǸŮӱ硢ʧһƦå۸𰿴ȥͰЩ˵ñӳһ٣ȻǸＸӡ
뵽ǹǧл֮ԼСΪСţ֮ûΪ·ңҲû˳֮
ϵͳʱɵˣû취ϵͳֻøһʱ񡪡Ϸ
˲ϣӲͷƤϣ
ˡһɴŤŤؾȥ˳
Ȼ󿴵صѪѪĳ֮ʱˡ
ðλعȻѳ֮ʬϳصǰ׼õСľݡ
˵ʵʱݼûе¯࣬β㶼¶ڡ
ټϳ֮Ȼܶû⣬Ϊﱻŵԭһֱ˵źĵӵ
ϰ˺ͳ֮ȥüζȥֻŲ
˾ľһ¡
һÿ쾤ҵҵźҽҩģ÷ֹ¶һֱǺ˶ñ衣
͵͵ذѸ⻨£ÿôһվ¶ţҲи롣
֮ЩϵþϸҲ˵ˡ
ܶһĳ֮Ϳʼᵽ̲סºȶ¶ھԲϲȾΪԵɣеľƶˡ
ʼƢȻ졣
ԺҲˡ
ҽҩã֮ˡ
֪ԼоȣҲǷˡ˵ֻҪһ͹ܲס죬ÿŷҪȻҪɴЦҪȻੲݵ֡
ֱۣǲ˵
ֱһ³Է˵Ц緹ϵͳʱ䵽ˡ
һϲӬһˡ
֮һȳһյ֮ǰᣬһֱһͷءһҪʱذߣ͸һӡ
Ҿҵ㣬ʱҳ鲻㣡
񣬺ѵõأһЦ
ֻ֮ӵøֱʧߡ
ԺΪ¾ˡ
û뵽֮꣬һδڷ˵ʱϵͳͻȻ˾
֮ǸСľݣȥ
ŵû겻壬ײײسȥȻܡ
ҹټһзڳ֮֮ǰصľݡ
Ȼ˼ɽһϷԼһءʱϲͶ˸ذ
նͿ֮Ц緢ػǵתһȦƵߵԺķأû˵
վһ磬ƺǳȥһȦڽʵ
ʱѵõĴУ־ʵͬûкޣֻǺۿķǰҹ
һ̳ƣֵϲƾԶһķͷȡ
һ˵ǰĳԹһ˵Լڵ
û˯Ͷһǽ
һԹͲһ̾İ׿ǿһ㶼͵Ļᡣ
Ҳȥˣŷ֣ڡ𰡱ǰ䳰ȷʢ˵ļһҲôһ档
󣬳֮һ̳ƣ뿪
̳̾һſҪɢĹǼܻصҡ
ӴԺμ档
ӡӣһΡû뵽һᱻ֮
ڴʱ˿̽
Ȼ𰲻ʮ꣬ǰɬ𰡣
ݼ¯ࡣ
治ɫЦȻʲôҺò׵õһ̳⻨ƣƤҪһʱ͸һڣû뵽㾹Ȼ𱨣֮ҡ
֮Щʧǲʣ֪Ҳ𰣬㵱ûоȹһˣ
ɱ˶ˣҾû˵λ𣿡
֮˱ۣƿôͣСľڳģǸСľݵôܻи⻨ƣ
СľݣʲôСľݣ
֮͵ս󣺡𰣡Ҫװɵ֪ʲô
Ҳŭˣ֮˵㿴Ĳ϶ӾͿʼҵĲ磬Ҹʲô֪Ժҵ¸޹أϲ˭ϲ˭ѡ˭δ˭δ
ٱң͸ӽܳף
ң֮ȡӾ˵˩һ𣬸մ󣬾һ
𰣡
һϲ
𣡡
ؿ֮
֮ջӣĶߵҲ֪ѷʲôʱߣģҾֻʣһֻҲҪߡ
𰣺
СӵӰԽԽһЦģСӻ֪ҵĹϵֻҪһ죬ҾͲһ𡣡
𰣺
Էӽأ
ӽܱ
ĴڸоôС
һۣѧһ仰㡣
֣վ𰣬ղô
Ҫ֮Զһ㣬һͷȴֶԷͲˡ
һҸղڡڡղе㲻㣬û
͵غˣѸٻعͷ
ڷ𣿡
һͷš
Ǿ߰͡ɡ
ǰߣںţعͷֳ֮վ󣬶ԼһЦ
˸ۣɣ
󣬷ֳ֮˻ԣЦ
Ҷˣôô
𰣺
˲һӻأ
Լʶ·ʱ䡣
𰿴һۣԷûлͷıӰѾ˳ĳΡ
֮һ
ķӽҲˣ䡣һҲ˯ˡ
ϣűڸǵҹգҭ
֪ʲôʱǸͷǵɱѷôֻͶ˲˰ʲôʱܰѳ֮߰
Ҫǻصڶˣ
̾أоƤԽԽ
һ죬ɡҪ汻͵ȻᣬϵͳзӦһΡ
ۣƺǸղŵˮɵô˸
һ£ǰͻȻһڡ
һǰһϡ
ߵ𱳹û۵ݡ
ұߵķӽܲ˼صͷû۵¸⻪
ǰĹȷѩͶĿ⡣
󷽵ĳ֮ĿƺҪ䴩ɡ
𰣺
ʲô˼伲ϣ
лҪ˵ˣֳǸ
Ps:ʱĵĻǰ֪ͨ
ٻİһ˵

 14 

ŵһ϶û˯
Ϳػ˻ȥȻ߶µ
һ磬ϵƶ϶ɢ»ߡ
Ժؿһۣղûʲôѷ죬͵һϲѵ֮ˣ
ϲػͷǱ֮߳ˮҳһЦ
簡
𰣺
겻ɢ
ҧСʣ һϹȥˣôûߣ
֮ʼ磺Ҳ֪ʱδɡʱ䵽ˣѷȻߡ
ҧ
ɣӽϴãúǾͳˡʱüĻܵԭ
һͷá
عͷų֮޺޵صһۡ
֮һЦ

ٶ·ֻζһ֮
ĸ˶Ҳ֪֮ǣһظòƤëûзӽһǳ֮һƵظţȻҲûһ
ӽܲɵ档
𰰵Ҳֻг֮ⲻˣܰһƷ̤޵ˡ
ͷӽܵǰ沢ӽܼһϵ磬ɫ԰ףʱʱض꺮ů˵ľҲ
֮ں棬˵޸ӽܵĻ۵ױûް
Ȼ֪Է˵һСӵˣǰһˡȥΣ
һ
촽ţûǿһۡ
֮ЦԼδ޺ͱȥֱͲˡ
һ㶣
Ҵû˵ҵδ޾𰰡
֮
ܿ治ɫؽϣΪɫôѿһῴ
һ٣촽һֱߡ
ԽˡҺֻһֽϵĻԼûʲôȨʡ
֮Цһϲȥ׷δŮδޣʲôµģ
⻰һ˵꣬;òԡһĻתȥ׷ô죿
Ͻתƻ棺˵Щǿ󲻵áҿߵǸСͶ˼βѡأ
˵ţȷѩһЦ
üĿ΢ͳ
ֻʦöѡֻҪ롣
֮롣
ֻ̣̲ˡ
֮Ƣ˵ͣԵ׼鲻;Բ
ȻԼ֮ںܶ⣬ҲԴУؿŶԷߡ
ӽܣ΢΢һۡ
ʱӽ̸Ų֮£˵һ룬ͷǺ˳߻£ĵոӺ
Ϊͷ㣬ĿҲ
ӽһĿʼ̲ס̧գ
ãǲǺȡ
𰣺
Ҫ֮ʱͻȻоǱմˮƤ޳һ£ʹ͵زҽг
𰱻Ĳҽһȥ
ʦ֣ôˣ
ӽܲҰҡҡλε׹ҵ֣ҵ֣
˸Ͻ߹ӽܱڵϰʣôˣ
ӽܳ鴤ص˰ң
˵ţߺ޵ؿһȦܣϣǲ㣡
һšü
ȷѩΪһֱں棬ʲôʱˣ
ӽʣ˭
ؿһܡ
Σʦ֣֪˭㣬ǿ˿ڰɡ
ӽҧɿһɵþĬ
Ϊʲô˿ڶûУ춼졣
ӽܾȣô£ղʹģôһ˿ڶûУ
ʱѾˣһǳ֮þɵĺ¡
ɵεؿ
֮ϣһü
Ϲϰϣǳ˶ĴζŶ
֮ϵЦһ
˸ֵҳԴףֻֽѵһ¶ѡ
ϹֺЦûԴףСֻҪһ£ֵ.ֽѵҪ˺£ǵԱ߿׳
һ뵽Ǹ֮ƤӾһ顣
ôһ죬Ͳֻ׳ˣôװҶˣ
ҧǲġ
ӽܹһĻң˰Լȴ˺۶ûУ˵Ŀ·Լȡһ
ϹҲסµ϶˲ƤĹңҴ
̾һ
źͳ֮·һϾͳô£Ԥһ·ǲͣˡ
־˿ʱ䲻磬·
ԥӽֻܵʹǷֱŵһ̯
̯ǰǴȥŵˣ⸽Ų̯ɽҲࡣ
ǮģӶΪԼݻǮٵİԼαװɽҰũ򣬴شţǵƱ޲÷ƤϿȥ
ȻŲףһӣһû˸ǡ
ӽŻȵ̫ͼʹڴҲûʧĲ£Ҳû⡣
ֵһˮͷ֮һʣȵûԷȴһ㺹ҺûУɵЩȡ
֪ϰǴ壬ﵽľ硣
ΪԽߣ˾Խ뷲̥
ǵؽװƷͬҲ쵱Ĵڣӱһ綼һĺ֮ôһ㷴ӦûУ
ѵǸǿߣ
׵ǿ·Ϸëǣ·һǵǶ
֮ʲô·
²豭ʣӣҿȻָ֪߳ʦӺɣ
Ųˮʣһ١
֮ʦӺɣ
ȻκһɡҪĻӦǡ족ɣ
ۣ֮찵Ц
Сӣ˼ҿʼˡ
֮һЦɣһɢްˡҿǼһɵĵӡ
һ˵Լɣӽܾ˾ͷ
һΪļɡ
𰣬ֻѪһʱͷˡ
ָָԼϾġָָ͹ȷѩܣǱġ
Ͼ򡭡
֣֮ζؿһۡ
˵֪ġѵ㡱Ҳܲˡ
ΣͷҪȲˮѹѹȴˮȵģ̵á˻һ
ʶأԼĲˮݹȥ
֮ó
ӽѾó׼ȷˡ
ȷѩͷȲ裬Լڡ
𰣺
찡ǵѷʲôʱѳ֮Ū߰
Ҳܲˣ˹ӣ
ͳ֮˻һۡ
֮ģüʣ㲻˵ԺҲڸʲô
ĬĬذջȻҲڳ֮ģ΢΢һü
һó˲ˬޱȣʱǸģóʲôģ
֮治ɫ
ֻϧѣʲô˽ĶûУ
ôţذǿֵǵϣ
ǼȵùǺҾͰóɡ
ã̾һܼӡ
ӽǰһͣ¸ȷ֣һɵó棺
Ҽ챦Ҳ䣬ûмܹԶӡֲóӸղһ·޺ԭϲĺö
֮Ц
𰿴öӲɵһ㶣εؿ֮
ϵöӣöרġ
ͬ.Щһֻܾһ㣬ЩһǧȻ֣ǼΣյΪֻҪаԣ񲡣
ʱá
ǧҲݣ޼֮
ڻʱ򣬾ΪӺͳ֮
֮ݺһؾһŵõöӡ
˵ûӣľǿ
Ǿöصӣͱϣ治֪˵ԻǰܼҺá
Ͻӷӽ֮ҿӲˣԼŰɡ
֮ġ
˵ڿһԡ
֮
ǽģﲻôĸֻһöӶѣʲô˸Ҫ
ü΢ƻָᣬȴǳ
طôһοô
еޱȣֻ÷̡
ֻƬ̣һգۣеͱЦȡ
͸Ҳ޷кܶࡣ
Ҫ𡣡
ǽСĵط
ȷѩˣЩĽɵõ
һ˲ţ书ߣô챦֪ΪʲôȻǸŮ˴ΣҲ֪ʲôá
֮ʱԼһ
ɫؿһͷӽܣҧɣҲ⡣
𰣺

ϣڳסޡ
һˣҪϷ
͹ȷѩһ࣬סڶ档
ľ.߶Ƚһ죬ڿЪϢˡ
ȸԾŴ򿪷ţոܵůһȡ
һͷѾ˷䣬뿪ŷſ
֮һü˵ϵҡ
ӽЩɬüŪۡ
ֹ
𰣺
žһ˷䣬Ȼضסš


 15 

ͷ
顱ջϷ֮У˵ű졣
Ƥһ飬ڴװ
顱
ס䣬
Σ˵𰣬֪һסҡʹһӡ
һεذѶŵӰῪȻš
һ̧ۣ֮ſϣ΢Ц
۵ؿô
֮Ҳ͸ϵ𣿡ָָ󣺡ܲҺվſ˵ɣҰЩ˵
Σ
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ǰıӣͲúˣʲô˵Ͻߡ
֮˨ΪҪҽ¡
ͷһ˨͵طԼΪжô塣±ͻȻ֮뵽˵ͷ룿
һͷֻ⴩һᱡףɿ壬ɫϵĺ붼ɼ
Թ͵ɢˣһ͵ϡ
һգֻۣ˽ѡʲô˵ɣʲô
֮һۣ˭ǰδ𣬻δӽܣΪʲôͻȻǰķ䣿
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Դһͽţôƽ˵Ц
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˵Һһμ棬ʱҾ𶯡滰
𰲻ɵõɴۡ
֮ȥʱҾ͵ļҵС޽ݣȻй֮޲֪ҵδʱŭȴ̲ס룬ǸСѾͷһҲδɡ
𰿪ʼ޴룬֪λӦ
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ʵҲԼֻһȻԱ˵ȴһֻϵͳ֮ӡδ֮ߵĺһڻδ㲻ʲô
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ΪԼһõɡ
ԷȹҲδɡ
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Ҹղ˵λʦ֣̫㻹ǻȥɣ
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𰿴֮ţת
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һʶصڳ֮ǰӲؿӽܡ
ӽЩǱϵĻңȻСĵعţɬض
ãҹˡ㲻Ұɡ
𰹣ŲҡҡͷûСʲôվֱ˵ɡ
ӽֱ߹
ʵЩһҲ˵ꡭ

ʶؽС
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ܶˡ
ӽһСĵӱϣ˵
ãҲ֮ͽദôʦֵƷ֪ġֻЩҲ²죬òҹǰ
ҿֻ֮Ŷͷ
˵ɡ
ӽܿһԼ裬ͻȻһ㶣
ãԼһˣΪӣ
𰿴һ۱ӣˮ̫ȡ
ŶӽܵһͷͻȻʲôЩԣ
Ͻתעʦ֣˵ʲô˵ɣĺˡ
ӽܻعص
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𰣺
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ûУһҧ
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ãʦС֪֮ǰйԼҴСһ𳤴ġȻĻ˰ɣСҲ⡣
ҼȻףѾ϶Ϊδӣʦֶ롣

ʦ֣ġô߰ˣп϶ԹĻ飬ٻҵġ
ӽҡҡͷⲻ޵ķʸǰһۣҷԴϴƽһض̬֮Ⱦͱˡ
ʦãûС
ϽɴۣûУʦ֣ƽףҺֻʲôûɣ
һֱòȻ
ȻǳͷƵģоԼƤӱ۵һ¡
:

 16 

۵ͬ磬ȴŲݺӵľ档
ᣬҪװһԷӽܡ
ӽܱļһϽãҪҺͿˡҲǲ㣬ǲ֮ǰ֪СһֱģⲻԿ
ص
ûС
û˵꣬͸оߵϢ䣬˸£Ͻתƻ
ʦ֣Ҷû뷨ҺԵѾͷİɡ
󼸸ֲ֪˵ӽ˭ҧøء
ֱָƵ
ӽܵͷһ
𰻹к£ͷԼԱߵ΢΢һƺ˲˲壬ϵĲ豭ҲĬĬ˲ˮ
ÿ֪ĸ˵ϾŲ迴Ϸ
ǽǺЦۿӽ̧ۿϽʦ֣ʱ䲻ˡȻѾˣǾȻȥɣҲϢ컹Ҫ·ء
ӽܡһֻǸһͷʲôƵģŤ˻ȥ
ָҲϣ
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𰣺
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ĺĺ
Ȼ͵Ǳסס豭ҪӽܵϿۡ
һһֻ͵ذסɵƺһ
ӽѸջ֣ãôˣﲻ
бŰߵ壬оֱ۵ҧ:ҡû¡
ǾͺáǾͺáɫ΢죬Ϊںߣǵã֪ЩͻǴʱǺò׳һţĶҾͿ˳šʱֱףգ
⻹ûˣ
оԼˣӽٲ֮߳ܲٿԼǴſ:
ʦ֣׵Ժ˵ɡĺˡ
ӽܼϴƺĺܣǸϽվ
Ǻã㡣ʦãúϢ
ϵҲȻȥ̱ȥ
һǿ֧ţǺãʦ֣ҾͲˡ
ӽܶһЦת
飡
𰣺
ӽܣ
֮ǡ
𰶶ʣ
˭˭
ҡ
֣ÿҲ֪
оΣյߣſʣ
ôʲô£
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ʣ̫ˣ˵𣿡
վſڣû˵Ҳûж
ǸƢܻܿվһҹ
еӵ𶯣ȥ֮ӲɡǸϽҵԱġ
֮ƺסˣûٶ
űӵ
Ҵ·ٽ𣿡
ˡ
ۿŴҹģСӻδ޵ķ䣬ӽߣ첲Ӿ׼ȥ
һϽסӽܣʾôķҪǴȥҲа
ӽŷӦ˵Ƕ飬ҲǿͷϵġڻʦõĹϵҹվҲײ˶١
ʱˣô죿
룬ꡣӲһȥʣƨɣϽק
ӽûͷӬƵ𰰵ʾһݾܿ׼
֪ΪΣľǱһ򲻿
𰣺
֮ΪҲ֪ڸ
죺𰣬㲻ż
𰺬ϣҸż
ڣؿˣӽܴϲش˽ȥ
ôһͨڣĶһ㺹ǳЦǱƵģߴһֻЦ
ž˦˿úˣ
һһûɡ
ͣһᣬƿš
¹ڣǳ.ǹһڵϣӰĽŵס
ɣʲôֱ˵ɡ
Ķ棬Ĭؿ
𰱻޴룺ôˣʲôԾ
ҡҡͷûʲô
һʣ
𰣬ϲʦ𣿡
ǰδ˵ϲͻȻһ͵ش˸顣
һˡ
ǰδǰǰδͷְδδ
˵ϲ
᲻ˣ֮
˵ϲ
Ϊ֮߸ˣļƻ
ҹɫ
ؿֱвţ˽ŵؿš
ϲǲϲ
ѡɡ
лҪ˵ʱôֳ࣬

 17 

˵âڱŴʣΪʲôҪ⣿ϲ˭ʲôϵأ
˻һߵѹС˺ܶ࣬Ҳûнŵעˡ
ʱһҿӦѸ٣ҪȻͽˣ
һ٣³ޣֹ
ΣЦ
ʦ֮ǰ͸˵вΪҲһֻҪ壬ҪԡǸʱͿ־˰ɡ
̫嶯ˣˡ
˵꣬վߡ

Щˣ֪վ
˵仰ߣ
ıӰ¼Ŷ־ȻָŰֵʱ򡭡
֨ѽ
֪ʱ޷Կˡ
𰣺
һͷ
ֵ״ľϵķӽܣ
𣺡
Ĭ
ûʲôڸĬ
𰻺ءס
ʲô
ΪʲôÿζҪ飿
˵ʲôⶼɺϣǰҹžͱ˭ˣϽϴϴ˯ɡ
еĻװɡ
ҲͻԲˣΪѾҪˡ
ϵĲѾˣȻؼ٣ƺ˭ںϾ￴Ϸ
ѡýǶҪһԵʱ򣬷ӽܵɫװף 
㾹ڰҹδ޵ķ䣡
ɫ΢䣬ͣӽҲĹ֪ΪҲ
δޣҲķ䡣
ӽܱ˵飬߳ŭСѪˣǺҪ̣ҹ˼ҹ﷿䣬㲻֪ܣھ㱱ʦѵѵ㣡
˵꣬սȭͷŭųȥ
ɫһŽУѸٲһ
žϵıˮһء
˱˲ԣءһ
顱һű߿һ
ش
𰣺
鷢̫ûзӦ
˵ĶСܿͰ¥˶ѡʮЬͼҴҵس֡
ȷѩ۾߳Ϊǿջû뵽Ⱥһ

۾۾
ĻǴӦͷӽܰɣ
һ߱ͷһߵ˱ˣ ˣ
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֪ʱ򿪣˿һۣ׷˳ȥ
ȷѩһ½ţҲ˳ȥ
űعϣ˿˵ߡ
𰰧̾һ̱ڵϣ֮˵һֱɿ𣡡
һӰǰ֣ԭһֱǰ棺
ֻƲѡ
߷߲ƽص
ûϵмǰĨȥϱĲˮһЦ
ô͸оˣ˭ôˣ
޲ͷأ
㵽ʲôʱܷŹҰ
֮˰ǿǵⱲҲᡣ
ڶһ磬˼·
ͷӽܲ˰ջһǮ
Ϊû˯ã⼸˶źȦ
һɫ죬ӽƵƵڵۣ۵׹źڣ۽ǻȾ࣬۵üüŪۣϳ鴤
˴ӿջڴ򵽿ջ⣬һûֵ˺ò˵˼ȭ
ߺ޵ؿҧгݵص
Ŀǰ촽һֱߡƺǲҿ𰣬һ롣
ȷѩƵƵ͵ͷӽܣҪʲôȴҿڡ
ڶϷ顣
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ңһֱһʣͷӽܵΪʲôҹѵǡ
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ϵͳʲôʱǵѷʲôʱѳ֮߰
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Ϲ֣Ӧ𣿡
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ΣҲԼ
ر߻ˡ
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ӽҲ˵Īѹ
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ԷϵľᡢԼɬޱϤ
ǲǼǰ
ÿӵĿʱϳŪϲмȻһƿĥ˵Ķҩ
ѾϰˣҲ͹ĵ׵ʹ
쳤վãĵױʴһֱط꣬Ѫ±ŷŸоʹ
ŻôΣС
Ϊ֪һοʹ˵Ķжô̹ġ

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ӽܵȻһ϶汾¡ҲǻҪء
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ӽܵͷƺԼҲҲ˵ƺҲΪô˭ų֮ʣ
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ӽΪ˵֮ǰ˵ˣɵøͬܣҾ֪϶ָоĻ׼ô
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ӽܡһ͵͵һСҪǴ򲻹أ
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ӽĪش˸飬һҿҲûˡʱΪԼĴ˵öԣҲԴУ
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2
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عͷ֮ԷѵûпüĿ΢ʲô
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á
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˳˰죬Ҳûзһۼֱǰ·ԽԽխߵľĵط˻ߵĲݼû˼ˣͷһֻܿһ졣
˸տʼ˵ỰԽԽ׶Ĳޣδ֪ĵصո˺¡
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ӽʧһУǶө棬ܣ
ɱˣһ
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ɲԼݳͷϽסǰܡ
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ܶԷĵȶȣǳ֮˵ű˲עɡŮӪ

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ԭ㶼֪ˡ

һ̧ۣ

Բ۲۲ۣ
ô𣡣
лҪ˵һ°Сߣӭ¿ͣͷ

 18 

վڰãã˶µġ
ô
Ӧǳ֮
ʶ˺һѵղ˵ôʵˣ
ɫһţ𲻻ᷢʲôɣ
˺һΪڿܣһ˿Ц
Ȼ֪ˡ 
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̫𾪣һʱûзӦ
³ޣ
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̧ۿͫ׼ʹҲޱȾ
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ǰ˸˵ԺӴСܰ˵Դš
ãСĵػߵϣԺҲõһ졣
֮ϵκ죬һת
𰣬һȥʹҲνҵĶģʲôʲô
𰲻ɵһ㶡
ƺǵһ֮˵ʾĻ
ɵţΪʲô
ǮȨñѾӮˣΪʲôҪһ˺üδŮˣ
ѵΪʣ
ӽܣöӣ߲ܽͷ֮ޣ
ۣòôԴС
֮ĨȥǵĺоʱˣǾ
߰ɡصǵ磬ŵķա
û뵽ȴԷס֮һ㶣ͷ˫̧ͷŴŵص
Ҫ𣿡
֮ļǱһѣǡ
ʣʵ˵ߵΪʲôҶѾδˣԸӦǶ֮ԱִߣΪ𣿡
֮Σ֣ѵĽͣ
ֻء
̧ͷָ
زˣҺԵϱʱͶˣ
֮һͣۿɵú죬һֱӱ⣬û뵽Ǳ˵ˡ
Ѫ𣬻һ
ʹ˵أҲǸˮա
ɳɤӵҵĴҵ̫嶯Ϊǡ
һסʣ
ҴߣΪ𣿻ΪǸʲôŮˣ
֮ҡͷ𰣬ǡ
Ⱦƣôܻأ
֮ͣͻȻоԾ
𰣬Ҵûи˵Ⱦơ
𰣺
Ϸ̫ʧˡ
ؿеĺƺҪѪ̧°ͣɤӴƵǺɳ
ǲǣǾȹҵǸŮǲǣ
ƿԡ
֮͵ذֿЦ
ԭ

Ҳ
ѾѰ࣬Ȼʱ˿һ־һ֮ϲӵȷԼѡ
ָⶼڲ
˵ҵ˾˵ϲã˵ȷϲ
ѵʱȹǾ֤ҲйûӶ
Ȼ֪Էôԭ򣬵ֻҪ֪Ҳйģ͹ˡ
ֻҪһ㣬ԸһС
ڻ
㾹Ȼƭô֪֪꣬жûȥɽ֮֡ؿŪŪҵġ
ų֮βסϲ̾һƿ
֮µ㻹˭Ѿزȥˡ
ҵѪ𣬲Ǽ򵥵һ䡮ءĨƽģοô
֮ĺһؿԻȥģ𰡣ֻҪһȥҲǿһֻҪҿͿԣֻҪһȥұ֤вУ
ʾ̬Ѿǽӽڰˡ
ҡҡͷ
˫ѾʼɢˣȻʱ˿̣֪ǿдߣǾĸˮա
ɵüеص
Ҫԭң
𰶢۾һһ٣
ʱ⵹
֮һ
յѿԽԽѾҪʧ
ΣһЦ
á
֮ĸذ׸ģѪڻ˽Ȼؿһۣ
𰣬һġ
˵ָ⻹һֱһ¶ʧ
վԭأԿյû˵
֪˶ãǱһ£͵ػع񡣷Լһᡣ
ǿƺȾһѪ˵졣
װ˦ȥᣬһ
֡
ϵͳ߳Ϊ
á̡
һ㶣㻹֪
Էϵͳ١ܸţһֱ޸С
޸òôϽǵѷҶٷų֮Ҿ㿴
ӦС
˹ҪѴ󡭡̡ĵȴ
һ
Ĩһ᣺
ˣ˳֮һ͸ˡ

ҵġ
Ͷ﷢
һ㶣Ѹܹȥ𰣡
ͷ𼱳һͷĺϽ
û¡
һۣ򶨹ղŵ׷ʲô£ûˣ
ҡҡͷû¡ĸ۵Ĳ°ҡҿǳ֮ҡ
ûп֮ʳ֮Ϊβһ£ǻȥδ˰ɡ
ͳ֮ȻƼˮ꣬ҲúԵȥδҲɵοҲá
˶Դһⲻ˸ղŵ̸
ɫ䵭ֱ촽
ʵЩ˵ҲӦף֪˵˿һֶûˡ
˲ˣɵÿڣ𰡭
ˡ
̧һȷѩͷӽѾˡ
˻ϣӽ̫ܵΣգҵǸ޾͸Ͻ뿪ɡ
ȷѩ뵽ѹѹĶ棬µصͷ
ֻǼһϣ۶ûҵȥֻޣ
˵ţһɫ΢䡣
ӽҲס˿ڱǣʲôô
˻æͷһ۾Ϳ˴¶һž޴ͷС״۾һգգؿˡ
ŲմճҺ͹𣬹ȷѩɫȻ԰ף
⵽ʲô
θҲЩʣϳһֻ͵ֲһֱҲۣԭûƬ
Ȼһ룬ʵͺݺݵش˸һơ
ֻ޳³Ȼ˦һֳִβͣɨ
㱻Ѭȥɵú
⵽Ǹʲô⣬ӽ𣿣
һѰ󣬴ӱϳ.ǹ
ǱԨޣһǱףԸղŵЩΪʳǳ˶䣬ʼʳˡ
ӽЦʲô춼ڣ
һԾ˲޵Ϸī۳.ǹһ£ްһذѴж˦ˡ
ֻһͷԷֲػ
һ͵͵̽ͷҪ͵Ϯˡ
۳һĺҷˣӽģģ
ӽܿʹͲսҲʱʱϣɵЦһ
뵽֮ǰͳ֮˵Ļ۵һ
Ŵκԣβô˻
ӻͳ񵽵Ķʬ壬޷ۣͲ޲ʱ͵͵ı
Ȼ޵ľ͵رͨ죬Ƶس
ľβɨ͵ŻһѪȥ
ȷѩ󾪣𣡡
ҧһڲݵϣϥѪסش¡
ӽû뵽ôӲɵҧ
ᵽһζ򱳺һͻȻһֻ档
ۣӽˮ
ӽܺ£ŵһЦ
ͻȻ𰾪һ˲ɵûͷ
ԭǲ޲֪ʱ̽ͷͷߡ
ɫһ䣺𰣡
ӽܴ󺰣ã£㣡
ۿ𰼴Ѫûͬʱ֡
ͣ͵һ˲䡭
֡
ע⣬鿪
𰰵̾һ˫üŷӽ־ڱصõҧֵݸӽܡ
һ˲䣬ɫȥ
ӽܵسһЦȴͻȻʲôۡ
һԭǲ޴ŵľ޿ڣһö顣
ⱦ龧Ө͸еؽ׾Ʒ
ڵؽװƷͣ˺þõķӽ˵콵ϲ𰣬ôöܿҲòˡ
ҧһװʧƵɿ𰣬Ѹö顣
Ͼţ岻ɵ޿ȥ
ɫ䣬˲ų˽ȥ
𰣡
һرס޺Ͽڣͺһһڲƿ޵ĺ
ֻһѪ¡
£ŭԲƽסűϲķӽܣһѰ
ӽܣѾڶΰˣ
ӽܱһ࣬ҺʴɤӣɳƵĲҽУ
𣡹ʲô£ſң
ɫ۽Ƿ죺֪֪һˣֻΪһӾ
ӽҧŭһŴȥ
Һ飬ܣ
һ̧֣סУֻƬƬ֮ؽ׵Ȼϡ
ˣҲҵδޡ
ɳơ
ӽܴ󾪣ôܡѵǡף
һЦֱļιǣֱָۡǡ
ӽܽеòޱȣţȴ޷ӿģӲ˹ȥ
ؽףʵǵ
.ǹҪһǹ֮ʱĵܹڷӽܵǰ
ʱɫװסƺû뵽Լѡ˷ӽΣÿζŶȣԼһֱϵδȣϲɵѿ븴ӡ
һѡ·ҧҲҪȥǿСۿ
ͷŹʦְɡҲҲǹġ
ۿһ죺
µ㻹Ϊ飿Ѿˣ
ۣϾҵʦ֣ұҪά
𾲾ؿ԰׵뵱˻ʱʢغϡ
ԭǰһֱ
ƿһŻһѪҧ
㡣
䣬Զɽƺʲôѣɽʯ䣬ľҡΡ
ȷѩЩ£ô£ѵﻹбĲޣ
.ǹ
ҸӦ׵ϢʵƷ֮£Ӧߵ컽ȥסߡ
˵꣬ȥ
ȷѩϣɵֱţ
𰣡ôȰȰûڶʲô¸ô죿
ȷѩһͷɵһ
𰲻֪ʱͳڻСƺһڡ
𰣡
𰡰һʲôɵĵġҸģγʵƷ

֪͹ȷѩͲ壬һھƺһ
ˣӦϢ°ɡ
һδ򣬽ȱðˡ
ûϵӦԺ˵оƽֻҪصϾ͹Сˡ
ֻ̧ͷ£Īش˸

ޱ߽ɽ
ܵ˲ᣬ֮ǰһֱûзӦҲֻڲصúöѡ
ԵһֻƷĲޣ޻أ
ʲôϵ
ʦ˵ϰ൱ڴʱҪľ
ΪǸϳһ·ʹֺη
ֻû뵽һμͳ֮˵Ļ۵׻ް
ϣԶӲĳһ졭
˱ۣ˲˶
һоڼ̮ʲôŭıͺų
ֱӳ嵽һ̧ۣͿһֻ̽ͷɺע
˲䣬׵ѹһ
ȻһתۣȻһ㶡
ͷƾһˡ
ǵģƾա
һϮ£ƴж뵡
ֶ΢΢һ߾ͻ˹
ÿһ磬ǽⶴڽ˱
һ˲䣬ô˱ֻ޸Ϊ¡
˵ڿһԡ
ĪأʼĬ
𣺡
Ϊξ龰е죿
лҪ˵һ¾vллҵ֧֣
±:ĸƵǰŮѡ 
ĳһ죬ѧġսġȦġҽĵʱշ϶ĸƵͻȻˡ
 ѧ֮ӣûܱȵùҡ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧҴûжĹʹҵŮѡ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧҵֻҵۣҺܿͺֿ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧƺǵ֣Сء
 սΪֻ㡭
 ȦɣҲ
 ҽҲһ
 :ǡ

 19 

Ԫɽ֮, , °˿
Զһϵӣ
Ԫʱѵţ
ɽ¶, µӳңңһݣ
Ԫɾţ
Ԫɾţ
һֻ߲ʵɪɪش̽ͷ
ԪԪ, ȥȥСҪ
Ԫ⽫İ˻ȥ, üĿ
ʮһεŵѡգΪҪ
ʮһ, ʹ, Ҳ־뵡С
ֻΪòһ, ȥ󳤽һٿȻɳԹͣǰ
̤ȥȥͻȻܲ
ƺһ˫֣ӲسĻ, Ļ˺˿
С˲ըëѽѽүѱ˺ҪԪȥ·
Ԫһסĵͣ¼ʹװƷĳ϶޷޷ӦɵðѵҵĻԵ
ˣ⣡
üĿһ, ָ˲ʧѷ
һۣԼһԭ
ŭҰޡЩҰͬͬ׶
ܿеͬڶؾڼСţֻһˡ
䵭ӣһֻ˼Ҳį
ֻ֣Դƺǣ߳Զ߲һȦ
ڱԵǰ죬һˡȦģҲ
֮ǰĵؽײޣԲΪ棬ֱ￴һֻ׵Ĳޡ
ϸ۲ʱһתͷͿһˡ
Ԫ⣺
𣺡
˶ûж
ֻ׶޻׺ݵʯ鶼Ҫ˵ˣ˻ûж
Īأһ֮ϵĵ⣬ҲֻڶҰ֮ĶԿ
ǽʲôȫѾ˼£Ϊ˱ֲ⣬üëûв㡣
ΣС͵͵شԪðͷش𡣿üۣϸһţκؾ͵˵ϡ
ѽ˧硭
СһľһڵϹȦȻͻȻ˲ۡ

ֻȻ꣬Ӷֻèһ˶ĺ飬ŵֱۣشԪĳѥ
ԪԪ⣡ܿܣСҪ
ôһУſɵһ㶡
Сﱻ˧ôֱ׵ؿţЩߣűעӵĲԪļϣëɦŪˡ
𣺡
ԪޱؽСץһͷһ˲Ʈ˶⡣
һ
ʲô
ʵȣ׵ĲͻȻſ޿ҧҲ˲࣬.ǹӭȥȥ
ʱ䣬ɽҡضʹߺͲ޵ûɽʯı//ţxnttaa
Ҳ֪˶ãƽ˰ɽͷڲŰ
ɽʯ֮УѪص£׾޵ʬ塣
³һ˫
Ԫվڶ⣬СȻĵ˵
Ԫ⣬С˧Ҫˡ
Ԫ˶Ҫġ
С￪ʼͷô˧˶ϧ
Ԫס죺òƤҡģΪλȴס
С˦죬ȴ˦ԪĴ֡
ͻȻСһ٣գŵ̶СȻһ
ˣ˧ֻˣ
Ԫ΢΢תͷؽ׾޵Ķʱ䣬ԷҵʹѪеë
Ԫۡ
ѿСһ
¶ܿȥǾܱסһ
ǿס֮ǰ鳦õʹ࣬ȫʬ
С￴ɪɪƺʲôԪϲ˲䣺
ԪԪⲻ£С㡣
Ԫⴹ³ޡ
Сǰһһ׹ħԨʱ
ʱģһϢ֮ʱò޵޵
򣬸Υˣѡֶͬġ
ҲϿԼѵòŨأɵð˫
Ƭ̣нŲ
Ԫûлͷ
һѪƸʢ֮ž죬ѾƷˡ
ߵԪߣʣ
£о𣿡
Ȼ֮ʹͬһ㸽ڹǷ죬ʱһƣƣԸоǾòˡ
Ԫ⿴һۣӿռóһƿƣȻ󡭡Լһڡ
ŽӾƵ𣺡
СգգۣĵԱߵˮϣצץץ
ƣƣ
ˮ 
˵ţˮγӸС￴
ֻǡһ˲䣬Ũҵľ
ʱһ㶡
ǵԼˮô˾ƣ
ˮĪǰԼǸҹɽʱ
ŲмȣģðŴǸɽ
ˣ꣬ΪԼᶳڶȴû뵽ڶҵһЩɲݡ
ЩɲݣͳΪ˿ݹǡ
ÿαپɺϡ
Ψһľ˰ɡ
Цһڹơ
С˳ϣؿӡ
ΪֻһֻЩԵ񣬲Ϊ⡣
뵽ͱүүôʲô춼ûѧᣬѧỨˡ
ԪԱߣԶɽ֣һھƣЩѬѬȻ
ֻǺھƣ͸оƣɵÿ
ղʱľȡԺ޷ٳк󻼡
Ԫѡ
¾ƺް
֪
֮ǰʦ˵Ļû뵽һߣȻϡ
ֺһھƣֻôϰʮأЩΪһ壬ȫǣǾͲұˡ
һйĻ⣬ԪͲɵü
ġľߣҲн档ľȣɷΪ̰͡Թ̰Լ޷õģԹԼܵġһ֣
ָһǰƺڵɫ
С
Ԫ⽫ϵСץģĮȻ
Ҳһ޷رģÿÿԼħ֮·ˮۣӱõġ
³һǺ˾ƣǸղž˺ܶ࣬૵ҴӲӱܡϾǼо¡  ҵΪ޷Ҹңֺңҡһϣһı졣ÿἰǲͻ
ѵףȴ궼ûлȥˡ
СŲӿһۣĵز˲Сȡ
ꣿԪѾ궼ûлȥˡ
סСצӣŻֻ㾳粻־ǿᱻҵס
ҵͬųȥΪ˾˵ɳأꡣΪһյ˻˽Ʒͨũ򶼲硣
󲻵òʦšȻһزţǰʦͲ֪ȥˡ
ҼرģͳΪʬ⡣
С뵽ǰɵáӡһԪﲻ˵
ľƺͻȻʣ
ǹȥġԹԻ⣬ôϵġ̰أ
飿
İԪһ㶡
ǰʶظһɫӰӣȴܿɢȥ
üۺ޲
ֻ׸Ǹ̰ͼһʱ⣬ֻԲᶨ
꣬ŮԼΪĵ£ҲŮҪʸȡݾȻĴûв֡
һüһϵˮ
鲻׸ٶ˵ǡ
Ԫҡҡͷ
֪ΪλʦţΪұҵʦ˻顣
һ˻顱֣Ƥɵһ
ôϵ˶δ˻飬ѵȫµδ޶
ǰһ֮˻飬һֱ˻飿
ʱҾΪ˾ꡣʦҳΪһˣΣ޸ҡʦòδ˵ɡҲչһ׼ֻû뵽ڳ׵ͻȻһ뿪ҳȫ˵Ц
˵к޲α֮ԡػ۷壬Ƿں޲ѡ˼ҹ룬ЩħҲƸãǽ⡣ֱף±̣Ҳϲġ

ҵδҲ˻ңҳΪ˻顣ȴŲǰ֣ʹҲ޷ӲĳףҲ޼¡
Ԫ
ֲ
һ£أ
Ǹ²ʶ鰮
Ԫֵ鰮ãʶΣ
üأ
Ȳܲƣ
뾭Իơ
ľͲô˵
ԪȻԶܡ
Сת
ʱһ£ǴӿʼңʼָԷʲôˡ
ɽԣ˭Ҳ˵Է
ԶһۣӶתͷ
ͻȻҵͬˡ
ʱԽѹԽͣͷѷҲ
ԪӦǵѷԼӦʱ䵽ˡ
ͬʱϵǣҲԽԽǿѾЩʹС
ˣȻҪϸ鿴ôһ£ԪԣɻմȾûǣ
Ҳˡϣ´μҪĸ飬ר
С˻ӳ
ȻʧЦԶĺɫӰԶˡ
Ԫ⽫Сߵ˴忪ʼš
һۣǰϤɽۡ
ԪУѸٻصš
ղĵӶ˺ܶ࣬ݼ
ѵûд̶죬Ԫ⣬΢΢һͷ
С˷ܵͷϱ
һ£Сʹͷϱĵϣһһϣƺڽ˵ʲô
Ԫ⣺
ڸоЩԾһС
ԪԪ⣡ô˵
ԪüȻһѸټһԼ꣬ٿȻһ
һһȥˣ

͹ȷѩҵ𡣴ʱѪѹȷѩŵòУ
磬ˣôôѪ
¡
ȷѩϸؼһ֮󣬼ϲԵˣһ
磬Ҽֱ࣬ѵ־𣿡
ѾƷˡ
ΪղӽܵʱѾ¶ףʱҲûš
Ʒȷѩʶؿվһߵ𰣬뵽ղ˵Ļ
˵ҪǳƷԷô֪ģ
ʣôˣ
ȷѩ͵ػعʶصûûʲô
ǿһЦعԾЩҲ֪Ϊλһ㣬𣬻ʲôһ
Һ͵һۣԷվûж˵ʲô
ȷѩһ
Ҳ𰣬ʱľƣѵóĬ
Σӱӣ
ȻǾͻȥɡ
ȷѩ⼸ڳĬ˽ģҲʹʱգϽ
ǣǸϽʦŽɡҷʦֵҲϲá
ӽܣ
𰡰һ
ڻһһأʹҲһˡ
Ƿӽܾȡϻĵģ
۵׻ް
ߣֻ·𰵽ʱͻȻһ١
ᵽһϤζ
Ǿ㡣ˮһģһľ㣡
˹ȥһ˲䣬ζŨҡ
ĿھսԼˮؿ𰡣
ѩ
ȷѩһ㶣ʲô磿
ʣղǲǺ˾ƣ
ȷѩ˵ͷǺһЩôˣ
ô֪˾֮󣬻ôģ
ҡҡͷ֪òðѺƺϵֻ룬ϻ̲ס΢΢󲻶ֻ࣬һϣࡣ
еľƺ̲סһǡ
ǰͷƺѾˣεػ˻Σջ˻С
ôȵô죿
ΪһľƷָ𡣡
յĶͷ
ʱһ¾飬ɽʱŴʱҪһƾͺˡȻΪ䣬ƽʱξƲմžơ
ѪͰԼľƸһ롣
Щ嶯ˡ
Ȼ㱻ô
磬𰡱ǺٺȾƵģҲɲʮ⡢ʶôĶδˣһƶѣӰ첻ʲô
ϻ֮ĺΣ·Щȣ
͸ɡƿǸöȴһеķա
˸Ͼӣֻඣ
ֻϲõ֪һ͸ӰƮȻ

Ԫɾˣ
ԪɾʲôŲ
ԪɾĶһһǣ
֮ڣԪκֻؿڵĴͷôĶ߷ҡΡ
ڵЬӣƵԾԾԵǶ̽
ڵĶ¶첲ҪȥԴ
üĿûаֲ΢΢̧֣ȥ
һ˲䣬ǧͷӴ˸
˲䣬ʧڡ
Ԫһӳ䣬Զϡ
Сӹ̽ͷŲӿ
Сй
ʧһһǣҲʧӴԺ˵ֻˡ
Ǿ˵СﻹǶġ
Ԫϸһ£ӦڸղȥǸ綪ʧꡣѵǹ֮йأ
ǧûסԼ꣬һⲻ˽һȥһθղŵ硣
Ԫһüġ
ͨ˵ջɣͻһһ״ܵĻǣʹֻУҲǿʶ
һѾʶĲл꣬òʲôɡ

صϾĵ죬Ͼҳһš
ҪΪӽ˵ԭϾĴӣҷҵĶӣһλֱӾ
֮ǰ˵һεؽô˾ͻˣ
ֱӾܿӽϵΪġڳģֻˡ
ΣԼ˵ķӽܡ
ȷѩΪ֤˵Ƿӽȶ֣𲻿ܻ
˫ִһʣϾͷҵҪ𽻳ҪӽܸǸòɿ
Ͼܵȫһһɽ
ھԵʵǰκƶԵú
Ϣ𾭹һӳˡ
ʼףԶ躹ԶȸסСˡ
ʦɫ࣬Ϊڰ£ɵ۵ذӵڻ
ҵĺʦãôôడ֮ǰѡǸ㲻СĴˡò˷ӽܣԭΪǸ׵ģû뵽ôڸǳ˸ˣȷﻹ磡
ʦã̫ˣ
𰣺
ʦ۾Ǳ̲סûⶼҾȡ
Ĩ˰ᣬ
ʦãڷӽѾסˣҪȻٻȥɡ
ѾҵﻵˣҲˡ
ҡͷ΢΢ۿϾͱͬˮô
̾ͻȻ뵽ʲôǰһ
ʦã÷ôð׾ҾȽʺ㡣
𰣺
ʦ㡣ͷֶڡࡱڡСʦҾͲˡ

ʦ㣬˭ѡԼعһʱ䡣
۵ظ޽ǣ
ϢҲãЩһҪ
һЦ
ϣϾ˯ţ͵͵ڳһ̳ƣҹ
ȹڵСҲһһΡ
Ҿεɵò
𰿪ʼԿ䡣
ڳ֮ĵ»¿Ҳֻˡ
ϵͳɵÿ佱ȷʵúܺá͵һȣ˺ܴߡ
һΣ
žƺһ١
Ӵļзңҵһڵһļ䡣
ʵҲСʦá
һ磬С˵ֽСɡ
ԪǸڲܾͲҵĳ֮֮ͬӡǸǾѣССҲܴﵽ˽Ʒ
żȻһαšҲȥӴŴӡΪһǧʮ;ͳΪɽ̳
һʱ
ֱһȥμһԪΪ˾˻ɳأյӰ죬ⱲӺԵˡ
˼ҵʱ۵ؽšʦ֡Сʦãͷˡ
ֻǵԪ˿ԹԣҪڸ׵İ¼޸ԪΪ
𰻹ǵó׵һ죬Ԫǣֻ̨ףһе裬ŵòӰϹȥ
ȻһΣֱǸͷͻȻ֣ӻϴߡ
ӴԺԪ
عҡһƿеľƣǰЩ¸ʲô˭û
Լǰǹȷѩһһһ硱ؽţɵô˸顣
ˣʵ䡭
סڻأ㡣
һԾ£ʱ䲻ˣҲȥϢˡ컹ҪȥοûСʦܡ
ϷšûпһӰãȻظ˷䡣
Ԫⶪʧ˵һһǡ
ʹһл꣬ҲǴԪϿģ۾һ٣ֻֻԪĿǰʲô
ʶۣýʵܵһĪһֱ
лû¶ֻܿ𰡣ŷＷȥĴǰ
ֻǿӰʵ˲١
ԼԼأ߽ӵ
Ǿȵĺ
лãءšĲŴľ㣬õӰ΢΢һ¡
𰷭˸ƺμʲôɵ߽һ硭
л̫壬ɵ΢΢

һӵľƣ˯㡣
Ԫҹȴ˯ˡ
ڴ֪ʱƺ˵ĺ
һѾʧȥôǴﴫģ
Ŀʶһɽ壬δκˡ
ѵǡĲлꣿ
ԪЩסˡںͲл껹иӦԲл˭ߣ
Ϊλк
һüƬ̱Ǽһƺᵽ˾㡣
һŨصľζлһ˵ߡ
ۣ¾
СվߣԪ΢΢üЩ档
Ԫô꣬Ѿϰıٿ¶
ϥͷϸͣȴԪ͵ۣɫ΢䣺
ŮˣȻһŮ˵ߣ
С
ԪʶסӣȴôǲסֱǶŮӱеŨľ㣬һָòıǶˡ
ԽԽأõ޴Ĳл겻ϵؿŮӵ塭
ɸ֣ΪܵŮӷȥˣ
һŮӾԶ֮ÿÿҲް֮룬ΪֳȥĲл꾹ȻڴҹŮӵķ䣿
ʶعرʶȴв֮ϵ
һǳĺþ䣬ֱӾʹ꣬ҽĵס
Ԫ΢΢üֱüͷԽԽ
һӴ򿪷ţһ˲ڷʧˡ
ҹƿķţֱʣ
δʱѷ죿
źӣζؿŴС޳С飬һŵòϵ
Ԫ⣿˵򡢴ʲô
ԪϵĿͣǵʱѷ졣
С˿ȣǿɲ״򿪵ġһʱѷ򿪣Ӱˣ㡭
δʱѷ죿
Ԫظ
úúãˣʶһɨ򣬵ɾˣҪʱѷ죬ҪﵽϷⱲӲˣԣеܡʮ֮ڣƾܴˡ
װƷͣأһƷ֮ȴ֮
Ԫֻͣ˰꣬Ѿпܳɵˡ
ԪšһüֻûصԼɽ塣
ߵĺڣһſУ׹ޱ߼ʵҹ
΢΢üĿǿĴͻȻСյصͷ¡
СһûûΣ˯ǳԣ￴ɵ΢΢̧ۡ
Сӣ
ԪôοС
Ԫûиʣôˣ
СĨϣ򣺡С˧˵ĻͻȻ뵽ˡ
Ԫⲻɵһ㶡
𰡣
ʦá
ֲнӽûˡ
յļ̰ͬǰɢǵõһαʦţʦָŶʯССһӰ
ΪҵŮ𰣬Ժʦˡ
΢΢̧ۣǸСӰӵ¶ͷɬһЦ
ʦǸųСģƽʱȥһ߶ŵɫɷסˣӣ¶档
С֪ԼҪΪʦҲǵһμʱĪͷ
ԣûףΪǸСųʦãᵱ˵һߡ
ΪǸһɫͳ죬۶Ľʦã˾
ŶߴССĴÿ״򲻶һԪһʧˡ

ڶһ磬𰾫
ﻨ㣬ɵһ
ĺͿΣǰȸɵһ.
뵱Ҳһֻġ
һֻģһʦ־ֱȵġ
⣬ڽ
ʦã
ˣ
߳ţû߳һӰʵ˲١
ԪͲл֮ϵ϶żһ
Ԫʧȥǵĵһ죬Ůӵĺ˯ž
Ԫʧȥǵĵڶ죬ΣͻȻߴһЦصʦ㣬ҿǸСʦܳòҪҪȥ棿
ͷһ
˭ڴ˺
̽ʣɳˣ
Ԫһ㶣ʱӦ˹
ǸŮ˵ʵǡʵǲͳ
Ԫʧȥǵĵ죬ȥμӸŵʢ䣬ɼˡ
Ԫһȫĺɫãʣ
ԪɾǶ赸⣿
Ԫ赸пɣӡ
һ㶣ǡû˳谡
ΪչĶ䣬ûѡ֡
Ԫ⣺
Ԫʧȥǵĵ졣ڹ㳡볤϶УŵĵΧһš
һڱħ˵Ѿϰˡ
ţǶᵽһ˿㣬ƺһ˿ˮӦУ⡣
ֻһ
ʦ㣡ٸҼӵˮˮ
Ԫ⣺
žһ㱻ϴڼͷһԪôˣɫ˳죬Ƿ˲
Ԫðѽһ˦üĿȻ
ȥ
һùҲôڷܰɣ
ǵģһ硣
˺ʱգھ֪ԼΪҪصظһŮˣ
лҪ˵vллҵ֧֣
±:ĸƵǰŮѡ
  ĳһ죬ѧġսġȦġҽĵʱշ϶ĸƵͻȻˡ
 ѧ֮ӣûܱȵùҡ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧҴûжĹʹҵŮѡ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧҵֻҵۣҺܿͺֿ
 սΪֻ
 ȦɣҲǡ
 ҽҲһ
 ѧƺǵ֣Сء
 սΪֻ㡭
 ȦɣҲ
 ҽҲһ
 :ǡ
ڸ:ūҲллôôա

 20 

һ죺
һ, Ժ, һ۾ȻŹǷˮǰ
ˮʦǰ׼õģõʱѾˡ
ϴ˰ͻȻˮпһģ͵һ
ۻ󣬲س, һСʦܰװ۵, ٻλƵȥ
, ʦǳһٷʦ͵͵ɽ, Եô󸹱, Ĩ顣
, Ѳڴ׵ľƺóڴϡֶֶ֡عһڣȻش˸ãЦǺǵ˯ȥ
Ҳһ졣
Ԫɾһ죺
һ磬һҹѵۣȻǰ
ˮǵ¶ռ, Ϊţʹ¶ɽҲ
ϴʱȴͻȻһŮӵľһ衣
ҧһسšܵһſڵ˺ܾõСͷ, ٳȥΡ
磬ڷùţŴɽ͵ԴһֱѶԷ顣
ϣѿռóǰ򿪣ͻȻ
ֶֶֶֶ֣á

Ԫޱ
ҲĶջһ졣

Ԫɾʧȥǵĵڶʮ죬Բ֮ҹʱӮԼ
ϵͳģѧԺ﷢ġ
ԴӷӽܻһֱԣѧԺͷһֱòСֻСʦóӽܲܵĸ٣ɹתѡ
ãԼ˼СʦõģδޣͷϣģȥҲ˵ȥһϾͺʦʦ˷븮
һţͿҵļ߶ƺʲô¡
Լ֣⼸ϼһﲻı飬ýָͷ붼֪Ҫʲô
޷Ǿ𱨳¡ҲֻǸ;顣
ˣʹ˸ɢȥ
⣬໥һŮԺ
ûţŵԺӵҩζ𰲻ɵӡ
˵ͻԵķӽ˵˻Ựֵʱȳ̾һ
˵˵ǲǻã
˭ãҪءº˰ɣԿ˰ɡ
һƣ뻹ûкȡ
ϻ˻ΣҲʹ㲻ĸҲʹĸײ㸸׵ߴõĶӵŵİ˴̻ǻ㲻ȥġ
ڻҵ
㣬עҪġ
ʹҲ⡣
Цһ£
Ҹĸ֪Ϊ˵£ҸϽԶ㡣ͷϵĻԼҲˡڳ㲻ܳҾֱ֪ͨһ¡
ӽһֱԼϵСʦǰ˹Ļ飬û뵽һվȻҲᱻ˻顣
ûӰ˻顱֣΢΢ζһ¡
ߴ˶ʮգԪĲлøʵ
ʱѾϸ΢˼Ҳܹ΢ķӦ
֪ΪΣ˻顱֣ʶһü
˭úԶĺһȻ΢ȴ಻
³ޣһڵ
֪Ժᳯ·һȥһͬڻҵĸ.պڵظ¼ɡ

ڽԪɾɫʵڲã̸̸ġ
ԲΪеʱԪԽԽֵԭ
ԪⰡԴϴԵ޹ʧ֮ɫһֱãǷʲô飿
Ԫֳͷû̧ûС
СԪļͷϡͷһѣ档
Сƭ˱ˣƭҡɱұˡ˵ɣʲô˻ʲô£ΪΪ飿
Ԫüۺ޲ûС
֪ƢҪӲ˵Ǿ˿Ҳ˵ǰ̾һȰ
ֻǿһͣÿ첻͵ȥ˵СӶԴ򡭡
Ůˣ

һ̧ۣСѧԪӿ˵
ôŮˣ
ò˵СﱾģټԪԱ߻ٶ꣬Ԫģѧ˸ʮʮ
ϥϣ˫ᣬ̶Сȥ
ȻһŮ˵ߣ
ͳ
ӣ
СûԪҲû̧ͷȻͲ֪С˵ʲôղ̧ͷʱ򣬾ͿһֻȻԭˡֻټޱȵ
Ԫ⣺
ԪⰡҪļ򣬵Ŀ⻹ջצӣǲǿûмŮˣ
Ԫ⣺컹ߡ
Ǹ̫ţǡʶɨһȦ壬ȷϷԲʮﶼûˣСĵشյԪǰüŪ۵˵仰
ԪⱾתͷһ룺
һҧûУҵļ͡顭޿ܣ
ԭΪʧ죬͵͵ȥɽѰȥˡصֲ֮˼޴ֻǡ
һ뵽ԭʱñڵϸ첲ȶˣ²ص
ͷһʲô˵˵ҵ˭ҵĹôûɣǺƷûҲνֿĵҩҪǣûС
ԪޱƿЦһջء
С˵ϣŲӽе
ΪܵһŮӷȥˣ
Ԫ⣺
һѾؿ
ԪһסС죬
ҲͣҲ֪͡Ҫᡣ
ӵЦ˰죬νͣס
ЦȥԪ߳ŭǺһڲѹһѹ
˵Ԫ⡣ԴӺǸʦõĻ»Ժ󣬾Ҳûҹ˰ɡ
Ƿŵٶǰ򲻻׵ʦõġֻҪһСһðĿⶼ㡣
ٶȥԪȻƸľѾƽͺܶ࣬ǸСرı仯
ԪָѹһףнصġԼһ˾Ϳɣ¡
ͬ⣺⻰ɲô˵㿴̫ţһ껻һ£Ҳ޵úúõģһҶû졣Լȫȫβ̳ôͲҵˣ
ԪѣҲͬ
ôͲͬˣһޡҪüϽס
СӵƢƨǧĴʯҪֳӲǲҿͷ
һڲ裬һƣСִԪ̽ͷЦ
СһڻܻΣ
Ԫ̫
Сֱըë
ʷǳãȺ飡
̾һĸɵĵӲѱϡޡֻŸʲô񡭡˵ΪʦģҲһֱϡ
Ԫָһ٣޹ء
һºӣҡͷһ̾
磬ڳ϶˼УѵûĳŮ˵ħԣԪ鲻
ԡúһ˷Բʮĵӣ˾䣬˷֡
С˯ź󣬰ʦүµӿռСĵóϡ
һųʶúðݶ

һŮ˵ĳ̾
Ԫ⣺
Уʦү顣
˱ۣƳȻ
ǲǡã
üĿ
ҪǡԿ˰ɣ
ߴá˴̡
˵˳ãƫƫ仰ö϶˵Ĳһꡣ
Ԫ׼úŮ˵˵ʲô
ںӵö϶ԭŮӵֶҲ֪ʮ϶ţҲŮӵӹɡ
糿ܵȥʱ֣ŵȥ͵ԣϣ˷ܵȥȾơ
ϵĸķϵӡ
֪ʲô£˵ٺٺ١͡þơĻ
һᣬƲԭŮӵʦֱ˴ˣ
ԭҲһСʦá
Ԫüɡ
̽˵ЩɸֵĻҲ⡣Ԫ򣬾ÿ͡
Ҹĸˣ˻顭
Ԫһ١
ϵ򣬰ΣüĿ
ҲǸ˻ġ
磬ڵĵӷ֣ǵָˣֻޱضǡ
Ȼûиоɣսսµͬͬš
һУŵÿ޵һѱһغԼ˾Բٷɾһء
ȻΣûж
̧ͷɾ֪ʲôȫûӦ
Ԫɾôˣ

ԪҲ֪ԼôˡԼܴɱĿűֻͷһʲôֶ̧ࡣ
ָоֱϣվſڿҹĬ
ûмСһͷСƨ˯㣬۽ǻһᣬư죺𰡭
˵𰣬ֿʼ͵͵ˡ
Ϊ£ҲǸŮ˵Ļһһ嶯Сһת˲ʧɷ塣
Ϣ֮ǧһưܵɽׯǰ
̧ͷһһҰưܣּ壺
ɸ
һʦţҲǴСĵط
ˣҪһƬԫϱڣջԻ͡
ԪҲԴӳߺ󣬵һλ
̤ɸյһĻĻͬǰʦСɬʦáĻ̥ͬš
ֱԺдУӡ
СԺϤľЩûӦֱԼµǿô͵ؾѣؾͳ˳ȥ

ǽסСǿҲһξСĵط
ʱ𰻹ССعϣ
һԾͽС£Ц۾һ˵Ҫ
ϲǾܾȰ˼أʵûȤ͵Ҵ
Ԫ벻ףҲģΪ˵ǡ
ǳˣȻߣôܻ¡
뷴Цʲô˵
ԺͰֻ£СС
Ҳ֪ΪһֻĻС֣ҲͲ⡣
תʮȥСһ𳤴󣬵Ҳûзߡ
ΪСᵽϡ
üĿӳǳ
Ϊˣڳ֮ˡ
Ҳ뿪ɸ֮ǰСҪΣֻðߡ
תȥصȻΡ
Сﻹ˷ּܵ䴩Ԫӿռóһƣһڡ
ҹľЩࡣ
⻰˵ġ
ǸŮˡ
Ϊҹʵ˺ܶ࣬һú
ԪûйܣžƺĬ
ͳ˵ô˻飬᲻ⱨӦ
֪֮ġ
ֶ˵ףԪⰵҺη
ⲻҵ°ҡȵġһΣźŲҼ޸ҵظһôҡܡϵɱɡ
Ԫһ㶣һ޴־ķˣԸĸıȣҲ޲ߵġ
¾ƺԼʵǲɡ

һ̾
̫±ӻ¶ϰɡ
Ԫⰵһ׵˵¶õĹǶڷŮȴ
Ů֣һҲδɡ
ڶҲûʲôȤСʦմԡҳôʲôѵܳ𣿣
Ԫ⣺
ʱѷ쿪֮ʱҪŮ߾

֮
ӭһ
Űйһ
ʮһε
ոԽԺϡ¸ЯӢ˸ᡣ
ȥ򡭡졭
ӡ
첻ʱѷ쿪֮ʱ
˸


 21 

𰷢, ÿԼвõԤеʱ, ǸԤоͿ϶档
ʮһ磬ͷظϵͳȷϣ
ȷʱѷѾ𣿡
ȷٱ𣿡
ȷ֮ͻȻ𣿡
ȷ3
𰻹ЩŲġ
Ͼ˵ϵͳѾüΰ·ˡ
ʦãɫôѿǲڵȥ£
񣬿ĵؿԼü΢
ȥ·, ھܵ
ʦ, ҲһŮȥôԶĵطҲȫ, ǾͰͷ״ϡ
Сʦܵġ𰲻£һϱе, ˺ߺ
ܲĻ鲻˵, ΪʦֵϾͱƲ, Ҫȥ򣬷ǵñ˺鲻ɡ
˵꣬̾һ벻ͨʦΪʲôҪǼȥŮӳҲ֪ƾܼܲһС
ľӦܣһ£ɫԻĵɱǾ͸ˡ
ף
ο𰣺㲻õġȻԺͬˮ, ҲΪСʦǼҲǿڴˡִʮһΣֵϾٰ죬ٲҲ˵ʲôΣʦ㶼ᱣ㡣
һͷ
ûеġ
ϾβΪ, Ϊ
һ¾飬Դϴ֮ӦδޡշתࡱԽԽϷӽܡʼ𡱻תʱ
ȥ򣬾ȥʾõġ
ν
Ӷ֮á
ֻҪþտݼһأһ¡
ϵͳĬҪٳʲô飬Ҿ͸ͬھ
˲ޣһ·򱱼С
˱ΧʱѾ磬
ײɵô˸£ʦôû˵طô䰡
Ҳ˴
ûһõӰʶصǰȻ紩壬ֻͽ͡
Ӱſеش۵׻ް
⼸죬ѾʼԽԽܶ˼һǵļ䡣˿ʱ򣬲֪ΪΣǷʹ
ʹץͷԣҲȥ׷Ѱ
ոһյظ𰣬ѾΪһϰߣֻǽһ磬ܸӦĵĻ
Ӱ𰣬һ˿
ʦûǵ¶ءɸ֣ȥôΣôûԣ
˵ţӰͳ׼õĶӸˣҿұţҪȻö
˶񣬼˺˺ܶࡣҿߵòԶɽ¾ͿȺɽ֮ɫɽׯ
Űʯ׻ǰУҪڵʱɽš
𰴭Ŵ˴ţһᣬһ޹ӵĵӴţ
ǡ
䣬͵ر䵭ϾĵӰ
ɫ⧲
ԼԼʱϾˣȻֻ֪Ͼˣ
ǰִġ
һص

׷˸ۣСضʦ㣬Ҿǽȥ׶༪١
ݺݵһ£졣
⻹һ
ϾϾͱ֮ǰͷͥ񡢰бȽϡڳ˸ţѹϾһͷԺû¾ط̱ȫֻľͷѧԺͺٽ
ȻڱϾҲһȺϵĻӡ
Լû𣬾͵ñ۵Ӵ
Сһ·н˲þͿһ·ЩȻԺ񣬵Ҳǹʵʵֻܱһë졣Ͼ֮ˣ໹ܵá
𰼸һ·ֵܸӵ۵ڼ˱ԺҲǹȷѩĸף캮
󣬹캮࿴һۣȻõӴȥԺסһٻȥ
лһͷ׾̲סߴ߱Թ
ʦ㣬ǿûУղЩôǵģǼ˽˹ٸһ
ֻǴһ϶ѣ⡣
ŵƻһǾͻȥ
̫ˡǲؿǶɡװҪȻȥһԼŮҪ·
䣬ͻȻţ
Ͼĵ𣿡
ǡ£
Щ
ţһݹŰеӼ翸һһľͰľͰﻹð
ֱѩ̿
²¶ߡ
Ͻסλʦ֣ʶ𣿡
ӵĪһʶôˣ
ʣ֪סĸԺ𣿡
֪СӸӽӲ˦仰Ķӡ
׿飬ɵ䣺治ʲô߶ҩɣ

浱ɵǼҪ£ѵ˸ϵ
˵ţΪʲôסַͿؿʼ·
һϽסʦãҪҲܴôడ
߿ۿӱߵҳȥ𡣡
۽һ飺ҹʲô
ؾס𰣺ʦ㣬ͺˣʵڲΪ˼·Լ
˦°͵ȥ͵ġҷַӽֵܲиҵ֮ˣ
񣺡
ǰ컹Ȼ˵˵Լ˭ҪǸȥˣ
֮ǲȰˡ
ץסؿ
紵ƣҹ¸Բ
Ժڵϣֻһĺ£һȦɫëŰе˲١
ķһö塣
öĸ֮ǰģΪ͸𰡣
Ȼ˻ĵ죬ˤ˵ϡ
³һѪͷҲص߳˼š
ת֮ˡѾöɡ
ʦ֡
͵ػʶؽŽ£
ݹŰеӵķԸѾѶ͵ǼϾˡͼҵĻطܹȥˡ
һͷ
ˡһҪĪҪñ˴ҡ
֮ǰ֪ϾϾʮһεʢѾΪһͳ
Ҳ֪ԼԺЩӵƢ϶Ͼ˺ɫǿڡϣҲӲ
ǸߺɵÿЦһ
Ǹ˿ܻѧԺʦֺ֣αضһ٣
ˡ
ҵĽŲüͷһ壺
Ҳ˵ʱ򡭡
һͷϵ
𰣿
𰶳ֱ£ںæ𣿡
ʶ˵Һܡ
ֱ磺ҪæĻҾʱ˵
Ӳºλæ
Ǿͺá飺仰¡
紦úʣô
־ûЩӲ뻺һȻ뵽ǰŮ˿άʦ֣Ҳ䵭
ʲô¡
ӣû˵ʲôóԼ̲ı죬ӯһᣬȻ󻺻̧ͷ
ʵʦġ
һ
ҧһ´֪㲻ңҲԼ㡣ЩұܾˣԴһ˵һֱҲᡣ
һ䲻
ԭǱñȥˡ
ɵҧһսپ
ʵҡ
δ䣬ԺŮӵ
˵ûʦֵǸǰδˣ
ǰδޣôˣ
ɫһ䣬קס־ͽ˷
û˶˶һۣЩڵƫͷ
Ȼ翪ţǹйŮСʦǵܵܿһҲʲôǺ𡭡
˷ˣƺҲϴˡ
Ϊ˲ᣬ԰ҵķ䣬¡
ӱӣûϵ
ķһȤûжװΣҲû޵ɫ
ӵļҾߣһۿȥΪʮ˵ķ䡣
ΨһܿģǽϹŵĸ
ߵߣһˮ
㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
߹ȥֱӵ
Ҫ˵ҺˡҲĻ顣
һˮƫˡ
ˮָⷢףϲԣΪΣ
šü˳
Ϊҷǰʶ˲壬ҵԣȻôض㡣֪ˣԭ𣿡
ؿۿϵᡣ
һʱĳ
͵˻µĴ꣬ƽǵᣬ뵽ȵ̬ȡ
ݽһʱ֪òĻ
΢΢ſڣҡ
δ䣬ɫͻȻһ䣺ˣ
ˣ
һ£˭
пʦżҵˮҲҵʦܣҲҡ
¡
ǱǷڰҹҵķ䣬»ᡭû󡣡
𰣺
ƵҪ塣
𣺡ŲˣŽ
ꡣ
һѰק׾Ϳ
ᣬʼ򴲵ףΣҲԡ
һֻҵϣڵת鵽ȥ
Ȼⴰȴ֪أȴ
ΣǴƵġ
˵ĽŲԽԽֱӰ¹ԱߵĻأһ£ҵʦľǿҷŶĵطֻҪ㲻һʱƬ̲һᾡߵġ
һ£ҪQAQ
ͷ
Ƭ̣⴫

ʮ塣
һԪͲ˿е
վɽ֮ϵš
С˯һһ
ڣϣϤѷ죬һ̤롣
һۣԼһɽׯ
ܸоԺ⵽ˣһԼ·׹ƶ˵뵵İ£һ£һʵ޻ģһĨȴǸһ㱡˿С
Ⱥɽׯͥ鲽ͻȻеǣ
ָо϶ѵǸŮҲ
ֻһΣǱ˭谭ƵģоɽׯǣŮ޴ڡ
Ԫһüòͣͣ;жŮӵĿͣ
Ҳ֪ǰδΪλź˿ɣ
ѩʦҪİɡ
ôأϾʦѾԺܾܶˣΪлᣬһֱŲ¡
ԪŮÿնҪ鰮Ķȹʵǲͳ
䵭ֱߵһԺ
洫ϤϢ
һ£ԭϴɳؿǸСӡ
Ԫ˼⣬ز죬ȻǸŮɽׯǸСҲɽׯԼǸ죿
ǰһš
лҪ˵Ƽһͻᡰٺٺ١ġū
 һԤδΡ
ұݣһϦ֮ҵĲƲ̰ȥױءȸУǿռΪС檡
ݳһҪͽȨ󣬱ת͸˻˭֪ǻȻҵһū
񽿴оѣ㷢ԼһѪܵıӡ
һĽ˶˱Ƥ
˺պĻ
񽿡
  ڵǸü
Ϊ޲ϵСҹ͵͵⿪ūѲ鿴ơ
ūȴۣˣͳ:СҪūֱԱǡ
С:ûû
ūĿСһˣ˲˿:롭Ҫ

 22 

׻˵ú, ֻ, Ĺ˭
ǰͰԼͷ¹ûԼһҲܱֲ֪ڹʲôζˡ
ĹĶ࣬ÿȣҲֱ
ºһƬ, ֻдӷ϶©΢΢Ĺ⡣
˵ضĵط, ǸŰ, ķһ۾һ࣬ܲʲôö
ѵǹ
뵽, Լ, ԼʲôصĶ
ֻ΢΢һ, ͸оƨ·ʲôţüͷһ壬ҵ˳
ֲָԼõʲôһӡ
ϸܸоĻЩϤ, һӣζҲϤ
Ŭ룬ͻȻһⲻϸԼľ
ʱ˼ԣΪ˾ͷҲΪ˲Ƿ, ǾͰǿŵҩ
ΪԷͰˣû뵽
ûһӰССİڣЩˣⲻɵһ
ʧ䣬ͻȻһЩҵ̧ͷ
ˡ
ӰҧһĶͷһ£˲ʧ
ƺеͷһշºӣʾŵ
ǲʦҪˣ
Ͻסڱǣɴ۾䡣
֨ѽһſˡ
ŵö˺ɵһڿˮ
ſĪĳĬ
𰣺
ôûˣû˵ѵĶˣ
ʣô㣿
ѵˣǻ˭
һ㶡
˵
·ˡ
˵һ˲䴩͸ľ塣ȻЩģеͳǴѩɽƮһ硣
ʲôƵģЩ㱣ܿ˦ȥִ
ذյ϶ϣһֻ۾
˱ţֻܿһɫ½ǡ
ʲô£
һˡ
˵
ʹ˵ǡ롱Ҳλеϡ
һ٣ӾҪţ
£ˡ㣬޷ˡ
˵޲Ҽ۵ڡշ졢ϴ顭
𣺡
𰣺
Բۣͷˣ
ǲ˻һ¹ǰδ鰡
ڣ۾Ҫˣֻܿ˵ıӰһͺԶôˣǱô˸
ɵһˣһ˲ɵðԼˣǸһֶܰú޲ݾߵ˵ʻǲ˵㡣
ǰʣ
û뵽֡
Ķ棬𰲻ɵøӰƶߣȻ϶ֻԷ¶һֻ֡
ϣڵͬʯһӨ
𰰵ʹҲȻò
Ҳ֪˵˭ô
˵ҲԼһֱҵ˾дţ¡
𲻶ɫؿһ¹񣬰ѹ½Ҫ˭
һȾҡԪüĿһ䣺ҰɫŮӡ
𣺡
ԭѰġ
Ȼѵδֱ˹ˣ
ɵԼ£˼ӣҡͷûС
Ǳÿ˶Ժ棬ȾƵƣɫҲֻǰ⡰ɽɫŮӸǸ°ֱ׵ذɫ
Ժ⡭
üͻȻһ
Ⱦơһǲ
ڡɫƺҲûмйľٶ
Բ
֪ΪΣ֪ǲܵ£һ
ûиҪҵˡ
ҲͷȷʵûУ߰ɣ
Ԫһ£΢΢ҾͲˡ
ҾͲ͡
δ䣬üͷһ岻ɵÿһ
ϵָɵһ
ԪĽŲһͣӾӸ£
вר鰮ɡȥ»Ϊˡ
ɫ͵һ
һȻˣ
ԪֵҸ˵أĵ˵һģշתŮ֮䣬˿㣿
۵һͷ
Ԫ¶Ȼ˵飬ֶ
нר͡㡯һ޷֣պѾһҾ͸˵
һǾϿεġ
ؿ߹ɵرסһ
߽ϵİȻʵ޻ܿ澫µơ
˷ԼҲ˵ĳࡣס˿ڱǣŲӾϿ
һ㣬Ǿݵһ˿ƴʹԶҲܸܵȡ
ϣǿţ·ʵʵȾһ˿ҳ
ģ𰻳ҪǰҲûϸһյʱ䡣
ϣǺˡ
΢΢ͷ¶һƤһ㣬۾Ҫףڿ°Լһ촽
絶ȴǱɽһһѪɫ
ʶһ
Ҫߵǰ棬˹Ǳڹ»ᾪˣʱƺҲϴˣ
Ͻһҧ
רġ
ԪͷʣΪηģ
𰣺
ôתȥˣξֻܿӰˡ
˵˵泤ζȻǴ˼ҵĹӣҲ֪ҵǸŮӵʲô£ҹҲҪˡ
һӶҪȱ¡
ڷܹȥ֪ΪΣ뵽ղź˵Ļ뵽ȵ̬ȣõŴ˴λѻ˵˲źá

ԴӴػ֮Ҿһֱ顣벻̬ͨΪκȣΪʦŴηܲ벻
ұվ𣬵ÿȴʾãֲ֪ò
һ
ڻŲ¹
ȻŲҲãΪʱٴ񶾵δǸã
Ȼ޷£Ǿ̹Ȼԡ
Цһ
ǰҲһô˵ɵǣҲδ˹顣ֻϧҲŲ¡
𰣺
ΪҲ֪˵֪֮֮δҲ˺ɡ
ԪԲᶨ
Цһ֪˵档
Ȼֻǰ˼棬Ҳ֪һԼԭ򲻻׸ı䡣
³һ
֮ˡ˵档ɫ΢΢䵭ʦҲ޵Ĺ赣ǡ
Ԫ֮£Ҳٶ๡Ϊ֮
˵ţתߡ
ɵüӿ죬ڿˣ
Ҫ˳ʲôģ
뵽ɴضˡ
ǿơݵţԼ絶һı
˾Ϳˣ
𰲻ɵסѵϿ
ž
ľ屻ɶˡ
𰣺
ɫһ䡣
ԪⱾű˿ͶԻϢĸӦǿĺ仯һ˲Ͳˡ
ɵÿ˹š
𰣺
Բۣ
Ҫˣ
׽ڡ񡱰
ŲҪû
ȫǰѴ˴κûǴκá
ԪĽŲͣ˹ǰѾᵽɤۣرĬ
㿴ҡ㿴ҡ
΢΢֮ʱҶһ죬ɫһ͵ػһӰȥ
žһ˲ϡ
һ£ôˣ
ҲһѹŴ򿪣˵ѰһŮӵģǷʲô
ˣŵͷ󺹣Ҳ֪Ѱĸûĵĳƫƫҡ
̲סһЦ
˶һۣһԲԼͬ뵽ղ˵Ļûлرܣ𰷴Щˡ
һҳ
ɫһ䣺ˡ
ղ˻ˣ
ʦ

ò˻ˣ
ҪǱ֣Ǿûˡ
ۿҪȥϽҴӴߣ
ֻðͳȥشӴߡ
մӴ£һ
Ͻϵͳ
ϵͳҵ˰ɡ
֡룬ϵͳ޸ʱѷС
һʱѷ죿ֳˣ
֮ɣ
ǶԷûгְ
ôʲôˣ
ɲſڵϣţʦ
Ϊҹͷ󺹣
ͽʦһ
ȲʱѷˣϽߡ
סһ̧š
ž
Ҷ
𰣺
캮Ǻζ
𣺡񡣡
𰣺ȫҶ
񣿡캮˿𳱺ɫЩɵȥ
Ųһӣ
ҲҪû
ҲҪ׽I飡
ͻȻһڴǰ
캮ĽŲһ٣̧ۿȥ֪ʱǰվһֻ߲ʵģôƵɤӷһ׾ӵĴ
𣺡
캮

𰰵ѵԼôã
һ̧ͷ͵ؾͺС
лҪ˵1ʱı䶼11֮ǰ֪ͨһඥ㣬Ƕ෭ٻİһ֪ͨ
2ܲˣ߿϶ϲĽɫвϲĽɫϣǽܾ˲ι
3ǣ

 23 

ԪķӦϢ, ͵ؾʹӴ˳ȥ
Ժ, Ϣ޴ڣƺʶɨ
Ԫɫ뵽϶ʶ˶˸򣬿ʼԼջء
ʶǿޱȣںԺһҵǸлꡣ
뾾סǸл, û뵽, Ԫⲻɵüͷһ, ûһһǳɳѸ١
һҧ͵ؽԼ
һ֮˲, ᵽ, ڵӵĵ
һ, ûκδ©ɵõһͷ
ǸԼǣŮˡ
ԪһüĿ֪Է˺Լľص㡣ѾһػǣֵΪڴ˶
̧ӣС, ȥˡ
ΣûСĻش
Ԫüͷһ壬ʶһ飬ûһСϢ
ֻĸ꣬ôܻһûС
Ԫ֮ǰԺܴ򲻹, Ǿͽ̸һЩϢķӣû뵽һȻԼˡ
üĿȻ뻯IѰңΧôĵӣֻ÷֣Ѱҡ
СղŻķڣӦ߲Զ
ǸϽת
תתƹдеľ
ʱһԺ
ϳԺӡ
ǰһŮӱӲضڴ¡
ķڣһߵϷ֪һ䣬ͷѩ顭
ջߣͷǰŮӡŮӵ·Ĳ˶٣ԪⰵҲǱĵӡ
ʶɨŮӣŮҲò̽⡣
˫Ϣңʲô
ʵڷͷŮӵĴڣһں˸飬ν𷿼ﵽ˭Ҳװû֡
ڿӦþǸղźڷ˽ᣬ±ײԲؽġӹȷѩ˰ɡ
뵽ҲȥǷŮ֮£תߡ
һתӡһС
Ƶġġصġ
ͷСյܹġ
˵Сóס죬
Ԫ⣬СؼˡǸϽ߰ɡ
Ԫղȥ˺δ
Сյز˵
ˣȥԸڴ˵ضҲԤʱѷĿ
СŽǽǣ֪ΪΣǸǽǵССӰɵһ١
ֻǻһͱӫ⻺ɢ
ȻȻҲûпСŶǽǵŮĬĬػ˻ӳ۽ǵҲӫһɢ˿

ǽǣ캮ߺҲĵ뿪ˡ
ߵߣþõһʶҪ
һ֣߹ʱһ
ôʦã˭۸ˣǲ𣿡
ʦΪȥԭ£𷴶۸¶첲ӾҪȥ
˫Ŀͨ죬ʵ˵
ʦŵæңϽػޱޣʦءʲôί˵ʦ㱨𡣱˵ʲôˣǹ캮۸㣬ҲѱķǸˣ
𰱧סʦĲӣžҳ鴤ǿ֣
СС
С
ʦˡ
Сʲô
ҡҡͷ˵
Сһֻ׼ȷ˵һֻˡ
ڡɡ磬ռһʱ򣬾֪ԺԪıޡ
һֻ۵СģǵԺˣض᳤ɰʵķˡ
ԪԵǸϽȥ
û뵽Ԫ֮ȴ
ôȰûãû취ֻԼ
һʮꡣ
Сһ𳤴˵СԪޣ˵Ǽˡ
Сý֪Լ뿪һ졣ڳ׵ǰһϣСԼһ뿪ôһ죬ϣһֱԪ⣬Լ
һܣ˭ܸߡ
С¶صͷ
ǵڶ죬͸Ǹͷˡ
ͷԪǰڱԪһɱ
أ
˿ǸŮӣ¿֪һֻ޵
ԣԺѾСüûмˡ
ΪԼⱲӶСû뵽
С
СŲӿһۣŵͻȻӴϵȥ
ðڻСϣ㶵ؿ
΢΢ţη죬ˮһݴµƬ̾ʪ͸ġ
ҲţǰľС
Ȼֻôؿأ
ֻֻأ
Сﱧϲúͱ糱ˮһӿסɤӣ졣
Ҫ˵ʲôСóס졣
ƽ֪ڶŹ캮
˵Լͨһʱѷ˵ġ
һʱѷ죬̲סĿһ
СԪ粽룬Ҫˣ
С￴ϵľ£һϽҡͷ˵Ԫû
ʱһ
ӱƵģûǱߵֻǾرֻС
˳ëҵ
С˵˺ܶ࣬˶ĬزԪ⣬Ҳ״
ֻںÿҪԶٵס
ԺǰĴҪɾˡڻܻΣ˶С
ֱС˵ˣͻȻҪ
ȥģСһ˵ԼҪȥˡԵĻһٻ
ʵص˵ͷ
СﲻҪȻ˳ȥ
ԭأſյģ̡
Ҳ֪˶ãججߣֱʦ㡣
ؿͷȻˮ˲˯֮󣬲ɵ̾˿
Ҳ֪ʦǸС˶޵۾ˡ
ðǸ·˺ˣǱ̫
õڶһ˻ô˵ˡ
˵ʦ㱻ܾŻ
·ʲô
ȥƴˣӴԺҲûС֮ҲҲҵĽˣ
˵ţԼ˫Ҫȥߵһֻʦ㣬Ľ彣á
ʲô
Ҵ򲻹𡣡

˵ţͻȻСС
׻ȥţһŷֻǰǸľСӣɵɫһڣ
ʲô
ľСһľ
ҩġ
ҩ
׿˿ŵĺںҩϵ𰣬һ˶ɣ
ûС
أҪϣ
òãϽߣ
ۿҪƳȥľӼˣ
ƣƣʦҪ֪Ұ²ġ
˵ʲô𣿡
ľӵͷʦ֡˵ġǾ͵û˵վôÿ϶ڱԺѹų͵͵һҩ
׺
ľߺ˿𰣬ֿ˿ҩɵૣ
˵ڸʲôȻã
һǻŭûͨ졣
εҲ֪ʱ𵱻ҵĽ򡣡

͹캮һβɢ
վڴǰŴ̨ԵССЬӡɵ΢΢һЦ
ֻ뵽Լղź𰻹û˵Ļת̾һ
ҹߵĲֻ
Ԫ⡣
վɽ֮ϣŷſеɵô³ޡ
ƺûбеĿ⡣
жʲô
Լղ⿴Ůӡİ£һ˵Сʦá
ϲһкһ𣬿϶֡
ʶԼʲô͵ػع񣬰ԼĲȡ
̤ŷصۡĿ׼
һۣȴҭҭĿ
Ůӽôʼˣ
һۣͻȻһ
ŷ֣ԼĻǶջˡˡ
޵ĲǸŮӣС
һ̧ۣСԼǰëڲ
ɳƣʣϲõЦ
ںҹˡ
С
Сһ˲飬תͷôˣ
ǰëʪˣװ¡
Ԫؿһۡ
СЩ飬צӲԾػȦ
һμ𰣬￪ġ뵽Ԫ֮ľ𣬾סûи
żȻǵѷһһ¸Լ͵͵ȥ𰡣
ֿЦԪⲻᷢʲôɡ
ԪûʲôЩ˯ɡ
С͵һС˯
ԪҲۡ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣҹħǴ򲻽ȥ
Σ˾ľ붨
ֻԺ֮䣬ͻȻһʵĵͻ
硭


 24 

ڶһ, 뿪
վڰ̨, վݶϵңң
ɽХȹڸ߸ں˪ȻͬŰһ꣬ۡ
˴ηֱڷ˵ִˡ
𰴹۽ޣһʦǳ뺮С
ϵͳ, ʱѷ޺û
޺, ġ
һ£ǵһĻɲʮϸ, ¹һֻķ϶ͺá
ϸһ룬Ƕһ١
Ǹ, ܻͱ
, ©ɸɸ, Ҳһ
ҡͷЦ
ѶϵͳΪ
һʲô
ϵͳӦС
һڵʮ¡
ִῪɱѾħķӽܣش˷ҡ
ڴͬʱ𰡯̬Ҳ˱仯
һ
Ǿ͵¸ִĵɡ

Ԫ֣ⷢԼҵֻԽԽԾ
ÿϷƿЦĽ, 쳣ܡ
һϣԼ߳衣ϴڳԷڳʹԼҲڳøˣ֪뵽ʲô, ٷЦ
ԪⱾΪԼһ˻ǣԲħȴû뵽ֻĿʼӰˡ
磬ԡٶȴʦү
ʶݶߴһ
ءٺ١
ϤĿЦβ

Ԫ̧ۣСǽǣʱʱز򡢶ë
ԴӴһһֱ
⼸һֱæں꣬ȻѯΪͻȻʧǼ¡
ǰҪס죬һ֡⴫һĴ
ʱ䵽λʦǰ̨
Ҫˣܳٵ
Ԫջ֣ѯֻ
ǻһƮ˳ȥ
ϰΣԪȥͻȻס
°ڿĺӣӭӻм֮ˡ
Ԫ⣬ںϵˣ
Ԫͷˡ
ҲһҪ£ǿɲС⡣û±á
˵ţؿһԪ⣬ͻȻһۣ
Ԫ⣬տͣ
Ԫüͷһ塣
Ҽ۵ڡϷסüĴۣǲǸŮ
Ԫ⣺ûС
̾Ԫ⣬ҲҪĹϾнǡר͡㡯ڡ
Ԫû뵽ԼѵĻһûԼϣһҧˡҵļͣɫȫΪСĳ֡
һǰһ붨Сͷʺ㶼а㲨ġ
ԪȻ
ɫõߡ
ʵ˵û
ȷʵˡ
Դһƺһ硱ỽȫ޷붨
硱ƺѾٶûˡ
ϾǴ˽Ϊߵɾ¸صķӽߡ
ǽԪɾߡʦ֡
Ȼûһ˽硣
ʦá
벻ԼΪλҲ벻ΪǾſһ顣
Ԫֶۣһ龲ľ
صۡһţȴСﲻڡ
Ϊ͵ȥ棬û⡣
ֻߵǰԱ߷һ顣
ʷɫޱȣǶ顣ֻһǱ飬ôóˣ
ԪһüͻȻһⷿһž
С͵
ܡҪ͵ԪɾĶ뱻ҡ
ǾֻСˡ
Ԫⲻֻ֪񵽵Ҫʲôüߵⷿ
ⷿĶǸ䱦óһһɱ޹صȤõĶԼĿռ
СƽʱҲôȥô˷
վſڴһ۾ͿֻԲһֻһ㴩С
๼ѵصֻôѪɺŵϷţ
ͦÿСϲ֪᲻ϲ
һһ鱦ҲϷţ
˵ݣǾͰߡ
ټһƥ˿УѣСһ𴩡
һɽʯ
С䣬ȥܹܲ
һ޻
ſڵժģ͸
һס
ˣ
Сɽ㱦ϣѱﺻʵЩȻѵؽĸϵ
󹦸ɣ
ȹܴŰȥ
С˷ܵشӰȴ֪ʲôһ
һ̧ͷ
Ԫⴹӣޱؿ

Сһۣ˫һžͽֱˡ
Ԫװ
СĥĥشӵվԪǰͷ
Ԫ
ãۿ
ôĶҪȥ
СﲻԾʼϸצӻҪȥԶš
Զţȥʲô
СﺬصԶԶĵطȥһݡ˵꣬ԪⲻţС䣺һ±ס
ף
Ԫؿ
С亹ˡ
𰡱ӦúǱװɡ
ʱ˿̣Ԫ֪Ĵڵġ
ͦţװ򶨵ģ
Ԫһ۾ͿСֻʲô
һֻʲôܣǷʲôӰˡ
Ϊ
ҿôණҲװ£ȥⷿҸռȥɡ·Сġ
СϲϽҪȥԪ⣬ȴƿ
Сﰵϲ
𰣬ң

һ˵첻죬˵Ҳ
׼ִ֮ʱӽǱҲϢ
ӽ̱ܳڴ޷ж²֪ҵλҽȻж磬ҹһء
𰲻ȤҲΪ¸µִ׼
ϾҲΪʦųһ̫Ҳá
⼸ͻȻʼڷΪˣɵϻο
һ룬ǲǱܾ̼ˣԲϽ
ôţĿⲻɵһ˿ۡ
֪ʦ뷨ֻѡ
һºܿ͵
һ磬ϾԺͿʼˡ
ŹǷϴϣһžͿ˸ŸɵĵԺڴ
߹ݸһµıӣ
ʦãδʦ㱨Ϊ㳤ʶǧǿ
˰֣
Ҳǿ
ֻһ͵ģܴܼ˶ν
ͷСģҪǿ
ͷ
ʱ̣ʽʼ
ʮվ㳡̨ǰվżʦ¡
վϾĩβվڱǰˡ
ʱ㱻ص˼ǰƽ⡣
ǹϵˣǿýζץĳԹȺڡ
˶֪ľǰδһ𣬲ֻ֪ᷢʲô£
һβһǣȻޱ飬ĬĬսȭͷ
ǰվСʦܡ
˯ʱСʦܳ˳ӣ
ʦ㣬Ҳˡ
۾¡
ȭģϴ۸㣬һΪ㱨ģ
𰣺
ͷָ㻹ָҡ
ྲ
ǰʦһȣ˳ı֮ʼ
һأеץΣֽд֡
ͬ߼Ϊһ飬жս
սɹߣһ֡սɹ߸λᡣ
ȫ̭
ŹǷǰץһ
Ҳǰһ
֪̳˭ҪǺץһǾǱɡ
Բǵӣʦ
չֽ
ʮġ
ʮĺţ˭ʮĺţ
սսչֽ۾￴
Լʱһ
˲ȡ
ΣӦ˵
ʦ֣Բսɣ
Σʦǲҳº󱻲ɾͱȡʸˣ
֪˭Ҳ
ͻȻССĺһͷϣѾ˯ˡ
һȥͰ

УػعͷĬĬؿ𰡣
˸飬͵תѣ˶һʦ㣬ôˣ
һѾչֽ
ӹʮģ
䣬Χ˲һϡ
ʮ˭ĸС˧ץʮˣ
ʦüŪۣ˲˲õԤС
Ӳػͷվм䣬ؿָһֽ
дţʮġ
𰣺
ŶҪ

һ磬ԪⷢСѾ˷ܵòˣűżҪ
飬ʣֻǿһ׶ѣΪ˸ˣ
С˵㣺ҾǺܾáܾöûмˡ
Ԫٿ˵䣬Ҳ֪ĸס
ǵ·Сġ
Сݺݵصͷ
ԲԪ⣬СҪȥˡ
磬ֿʼĪ
Ԫ֪ǵʱѷֿҪˡ
βȥ˲ɽ
磬СŰ˻ӳټСģΣվƣԻǰȥ
СЦΣաΣա
Σա
磬ʱѷ쿪ֻǿһ϶ƺݵһֻ
Ԫ첻⣬Ĭʦү򣬾ôʱţƽ
СߺһСʱԪ⿴ǵѷ죬ԽԽòԾ
ǿʶһɽ磬ȴûСϢ
˱Ϣķӻǳʲô£
Ԫһšü
ѰұףΪӱѰ
ѵǡ磿
Ԫɫһ䣬һת˲Ծǵѷǰ̲СϢ
ΪҪȥһ磿
Ԫšüۿŷ϶ԽԽСرգָһ᳤һ˲仮ƿ
ɽ㶯ųһת˲ʧ˷϶
лҪ˵11ҡ
ҪĻһܸĳ㡣
Ļʮҡ
һǶûбʶ

 25 

ֽ, Ƥһ顣
ϵͳ
ôһ£ԭһ𣿡
Ǹ, ھ鿼ǷΧ֮ڡɸзӡ
𰡰һ˵ףù¡
ˣ֮֮Ҫ̭ģûʲô
һ̨̤ס
񰵰һ, Сġ
׽ŵؿ, ̨ͷвĨӡ
̨ͷ, ˮ̨Ͻһ̨̤, ˶͵ס
̨϶ʦǶ̲סӳ, Ҫǰδ޶ϵһĳ档
ģذںüơ
üĿ纮
׿õսľʦ, ᲻ʦ
һüӦòɡȻǰų˼ܣҲ𲻻º֡
ʵһ仰û˵
Ϊ磬ǲŮġǲº֣֡
ȷѩȺм˳Ĳҧһ촽
ӽվڶ, һۡ
ලʦȼһ֧㣬˿ˣعͷ˿ȡ
𰣺
ʦΪûпֻС
һս𰡣ʱһ㡪ʼ
͵ֱ壬ɣôҡôʹôϰɣ
̧ۿ, ӯҹɫµĺˮס

һ㶣ô
ѵû
˶٣ʣ㲻𣿡
ǲ
𰿪ʼˡʲôսƴѹ
ȷѩżСص磬а
ۣʦ㣬òʲôаɣ
Ҳüĺ«ﵽʲôҩ
˵ֻһֱ
֪ǷǽЩƫһߡ
أΧ˿ʼվסˡ
żؿǰδ޴ܣôڲƫƫ̨üȥʲô
̲סҪ̸˵̨ȥ̸Ҫս
Ů̲סʲô̸˵ûʦѹ𣿡
ϾĵûסĸϹ۵˵ʦú̸˵ʦҲУ
𰣺
ۿͷҪƫ̨Ѿһһˣλöû𰲻ɵ̾
ԼһսԾӰ첻ʲôɴֱ̭ˡ
ʦϡ
䡣
𰣺
Ȼһըˡ
ȻҪ䣿
ҿҵôȻҪ䣿
ҲˡۿҪֻ̨һͷ䣡ƻģ
ôţ͵ק½ǣߡ
ͷʦ
ʦģ
ͷָϡ
ɴۿʦҪҲ䣡
׺ɸ֣ʦ㣡ôôˣ
뵽ҹᣬСѾͷѵĻת⣬ʼ֣
ලʦ˵ͷۣɵúǳ⣺
ྲ
ͷˣ
ֱĄ֣֮̊́ɶϷ
˵ջ֣͵һˣ
ʦӦһذɡʵΪҶԲԸ˳Ҹеĳͷ
ʦһĺҲɵһ͡
ڳ֪Ļһɵ꣬ԭǶԵ˹µΣԸ˳
û뵽ǿһ֣ȻгϹϳԣ˲ɵ˷ܡ
ʦΪѣɵÿ̨ϵļλԺ
ԺͷӶȻ˵ͷӦ
һʵʹӮҲء
ʹ˱̭һԺıʧҲ̫ϧ
һɣԼһˡ
ȥʱһɳƵҲͬ⣡
һͷȥ
ӽܴӺ߳
ǹǱǶкã
üͷһ壬һת
ȻѾƣǾͲƵڶΡãȻ㲻սôҾʹ򡣡
𰣺
ô£ǰˣ
Ҳɫ΢䣬Сʦղ˵Ǿ仰̼˷ʦ֡ǷҪϲˡ
ҡҡͷǡǶϲɡ
ǡɱɡ
תһڵãӦս
ȷѩż磡㲻Ҫ嶯
ȣһĽǣ
ǰδǰδޡǰδʦáǰδ޵ʦ֣ĸˣ
ΧȺ˷ܵɫǺ죬ڶսĵӶ׷˦˱Ųǰ
̨ϵԺֿʼͷӶЩΪѡ
ҵʹ˸ɫмԺɫһ䣬͵һͷ
ˣͷӽܵĶսʼ
𰱻̨ס
ӽܶ
ʦãҶȻĿ࿴
֪˴ȥˣʹ֪ˣϾദô꣬ʣ
ʦ֣ȷҪȥ𣿡
ӽ¶⣬Ҫ⣺ҷȥɡ
޹ͷãȥɡ
վ̨ϣΪڸӽܴɵսеĳ.ǹ
ͷӽܵĶսʼοļ硣
𰼷ĵģᣬһͻȻһʦ㣬ȥһ¡
ΪҪȥԺȥޣҲû
סĵģϽԺ
ܵһ£úԶͿһֻ߲ʵҡҡλεطɹϲС
СĲϹһСѾ۵̧Ŭҡţһ·飬һ·У
𰣡𰣡
һһ˸Сϣ
𰣡С㣡
ۿֻСĽرڻҲ㡣
С޺С㶼ССѾ궼ûмˣ
ĺһͣСЦһҡ
˵ʲôСó촽СﲻˡҾģģԪûз
һᵽԪ⣬ɫ΢䡣
ǿǣС⻬ëöԡ
Сɵسë
аԵ⣬Ҫϴûס͵ߣ¾ˡ
ԼܳԪ⻹ǲ֪
Լһϰɣߡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôѲϵС𰣬Сʲô
һЦϳǿռӣͻȻһ󾪽УѪζŭǰԺȻ
ɫһ䣬һмҪ죬Ҿʹȥ档
˵ţͰС˼ϡ
Сᳵ·˳ĺ󲱾ֻ¶һ޵ͷ
𰣬Ҫȥģ
̾˿ȥԭ¡
ԭһת۵㡣
ɱӽܣشңɹǰδ޻ת⣬ء
ܾΪѾɱ˷ӽܣͷҲƲʦţԶԳߣѰҸӹա
һͷϷһ
СǰԺһ̽ͷͲ㱻ҷɵשʯС
һ
һۿͿվ̨룬Ѫ죬һ˫͸ԣؿˡ
ԱߣӽѪڵϣɴգĿ
һĻʮ¡
ӽս;ʹĹ˲ɷ¶ԼŹκ˵ܡ
ӽȻѾκˣҲΪ˻ˡʵֱӾĲ㣬Ž˻Ὣȴû뵽ᱻɱ
һֱӽҵܱ¶ǰ߳ŭǰ͵Ϯ𼤷ԣɱһˡ
ˣҲݡ
𰿴ϵˣһ
ʵղûô𣬱Ͼ֪Ȼˣ̲סЩ
ֻÿ֮ӣȻҪŬѪȴҲǼٵġ
С̶ۿ˿һС˧磡
һ㶣ʶ
С￴Ҳʶ
Ŷǰδ򡣡
С
Сʲô˵顭
Ǳߣ˿Լɱˣŵøεѣˣܱ߲в
ţɱǼҵүǲŹģ
ϥأѪȾϥµĵ档
֪˴ɱ˷ҵ˲ˣҵڷԶ֮һӽĴڡ
ڱ򣬲֪Ϊ¶鷳
ǶԺһݣ
ʦҽɱҶˣǳڷһһ˵ӴԺ뱱޹ϸ˭뱨𣬿ң
˵ţĵվһǹһֱ
£ԲԼͬÿ·
߹ݵӰǰغϡ
𰲻ɵýһ
𡣡
ĽŲһ٣ûлͷ
һ
Բ顣ûпӽܵĿҲǰ˻飬Ҳ㣬ԭ𣿡
𲻽սеĳ.ǹ

Ԫ̤ѷ죬һһ˲䣬ᵽѪ
ļٺˣɫ΢䡣
һ䡣
վȺ֮⣬ͻȻָеǹϤǣһû˸ţ̾ͰһŮϡ
ƺʣҲ϶
Ĳԭ𣿡

Ԫһ̧ۣȻ
ôСӣ
üĿȻ
Ա˵
Ǹʲôأ
δ¡ҿǺˡûսӣûʼԼˣҪء֪ˣαص
ѵ֮ǰһֱŵŮδޣ
Ԫ΢㵡
ŮӿԸַţ˳飬ҿΪת⣬ѾһĵŮӡ
ȣԼʦʮ꣬ҲûеȵһǸ
ȻԼ˼ƫˣԪ˱ۡѾȥ꣬
ңʹţСʦûɣ
üĿָֻȻȻ֪˭ҲûȥϷ
ڸҪС
תȴͻȻǸŮӺϵͷЩ졣
̽ͷ̽ԡɫС˭
СΪǸŮӵϣ
ĪأвõԤС
֪˵ʲôǺŮһʹʧ
㾹Ȼԭҡ
˵ţס͵ȥ
Ȼֱֱ
Ԫһʱʧ񣬶
ؿܹ˼ײϣԸӦϢɵȫֱʶһӳ䡣
ŮӵӰһ٣ɵò̧ͷ
ԪҲ̧ۡ

꼸ϡ
лҪ˵컹˫һ

 26 

ٶ, Ԫɾһֱɽصĵĵ䷶
׺ݲб, ȻħŮ治ɫԴ
ûԼһᱻһŮӵų
ûǱһ塣
һ˲ʹʧУǰʵسһ˫ۡ
, ΢΢, Ϧ΢Ĵˮ
Ȼʦúͮͮص
, ʦá
𰣡
ȻһԪŤת, ҧֱλ, Χһ˲
ǰŮ˾һ˲, ֿκζ΢һü
Ԫ⿴з
ΪѾȥʦûȻСӵδޣ
ɵ뵽ǰκĶԻԭǸСӿеδ޾ʦã
һ˲תԪƺһ, ʶǰץȥ
𰿴ǰˣû⡣һתϽԺܡ
Ԫһץգæͷѳ˺ʧ
ָ, þûز
ͷں׷ӣعš
۵ţ𰣡ǧɵ°
ڴʣ
ҪңԼ
ӣ˶һۣ̾˿
üתʦ㣬˵ô찡ʦ᲻ᡭ
͵͵һĨӵĶ
ɫ΢䣬漴οԷҲǰοԼ
ӦòɡʦԸֱҲţǼӣܹһͺˡ
װޣ"ǹǸҪܾʦ㣬ʦô𣿡
ŷڶ϶Ŀɵһ̾
֪ˣαصĵرʾûоһһظŷʦ֡û뵽ʦô˸Ҳദô꣬û˵ȥڷʦѾˣҲˡҿôɡ
ڿ޵øˣ׸Ͻס䣬
Ҳ֪ʲôʱϲģ˼Ҷɱ˷˻صҪ˵ʲôҲˣ
䣬͸оһ䡣
һɸɽϵķ紵ײɵô˸¡
ڴĿ޺ǲҪٹˣһ˰һᣡ
ʦãǾˣ¾ͽǣ
ͷߺԺв֪ʱ˪ԺڵҶ£ҶƬѣڵ䦳һ̲ˮ
˿һ޳İӰԺ߽
ÿһ̤˪
ԪѾйˡ
й˵С£ʱĬľ
ȻԪʱȴʲôҲʲôľ
ֻ֪ڵǲʦá
ˣȻΪܺǰʦãȻⲢѾǡ
ǵʦ۾ǵʦκļʦԶǵСġӵģҪ󱻱ġ
ǣǸŮʦõĻ
Ԫⲻɵ뵽ϸ¼ʱ˵Ļ
Ҫ˭
һȾƣҡɫŮӡ
Ԫ⣺
ܣ
ʦôȾƣҲɫ
Ҫķһָֻ̽һľţǱ̵һ˻
Ŀ϶һۡ
ʱ˿ֺ̣αˡ
ʵСص˵ҪˣҳӦࡣ

Ŀ϶ɳƵᡣ
Ȼڷ֮ڣޱطߣСﻹܷɷһʡ
ߣ˫Ŀ͡ëըСʾ֪ʲôϷϤַǡôȣСϤûˣ
֪СѾûбIˣԪǸѪˣֻܵزһ£
ͣ
ˮСﱧڻ΢΢̾˿
¹ȥҾʹȥ档
СС
ѵ𣿡
𰿴ϵĲˮ̾
ģôġֻĵĻǹ˲ġ
СΪϲ𣬲ɵ۵رס
뵽˵ǡ
ΪĸҰģĺ
ĵѶŷϡ
һ˲䣬ô˸¡
ʲôʱôˣ
þöûжɵðϲһعˣ
ҹ룬ãǴСԺڵĴϣһһڵغȾơ
СĶӺȵùԲϴ˸ã
ˬСþöûкȾˡ
ϵľȻ㣬оŹɭϣơһֻҪҾƺ̫ˡ
𰲻ɵԼСɸ͵ȾƵӡ
ǻ˻ǰļ£˯ȥԺû뵽ڳϵµľơȻͺС͵͵طˡ
ڶϵף޹֮
΢΢һЦСĶƤ
Ǳѵûоƺ𣿡
СԪⲻҺȡ
һһվµԪҲɵʧ
Ѿվһ磬ĿЪźȾơ
һ磬֪ʲôܾ˺ܶ࣬ȴ־ʲôûס
֪ʱ˿ԼȥʣΪʲôҲΪʲôΪ˵δޣǲ֪ΪǱסһһƬ顣
ʱСͻȻɵһ
ʶ̧ͷĲ
˵ʲô
ǻӶǡ
˾ƺСצӣԺȸ
ʶغСﻰ֡
ԪüĿ΢ݵӰͬйڵϵһ¹⡣
С̲סģСġ
ңĺڴ
СĲϣ˯˲档
ͻȻıǿһƺᵽ׵ζõס
ԺվΪԼɽ磬˳Ŵ˳ȥ
һأͿϰһףͷһţһţһ·һ·ģͻȻĵһ˫׵ĳѥ
С
˫ѥӿе졣
ȫëһըܡ
ȴˣܵһ룬Ǳ˶סһ˲䶯á
ѵ̧ۣһɾֶų
еëˡ
СᶼˣԪ⡭
Ԫ¸֣ͳ
˵ô£
СɪɪʼԼ̰һԵġ
ϴͼǲǣ
Сתߺز˵
Ϊ˼ǲǣ
СͰ͵ص
Ԫ⣬С֪ˡ
Ԫ˱ۣǳˡ
΢ƣΪʲôң
СǰСﲻ˵
ǰʦãҲǰδޡ𰻹˹Ļ顣
ްһʱƽ
֪𣿡
Сҡҡͷ
ԪۣΣ⿪Сϵʳ⵽ôһ¡
С
ҪС
ԥػצӣԪⴹϵСף
ʱô˵˵㣿
ԪתŽĴƻս
Լһȹ̣ԲΪҪҵ걻ǣԭ
ڶһ磬С˵
ԺΪҪ뿪
ᣬԼ鲻ãҪȥ͸͸
ʵ˳ʱȥˣȻϾ
Ϊ͸ģԲԸﴥ飬Ϊ˵û
ԺòӦ⣬һҪСġ
غʦʦܵ𣬴С߳ϾĴš
Сſͷϣյشͷ
һǺ«񲻺ãɵýţСôˣ𣿡
С￪ġһȻġ
ûԪⶢŵ¡
Сھ͸оԪ͸߿Ҫβ𶼶ôģ
Ϊ磬ˮ
ǰοë
Ǻ«ǮСϲЦտлл
СǰߣɵЦ˳ûͦʦܡ
ʦܣСſڿǸװ۵С˧硣
ͷûҵʦܰס˵ţۣ䣺СʦܿװһǵһϺȾƣСĿԡá
С
Բۣ˵ˣԪ⻹ѵûΧĿѾɱ
СϽס죬ϵëʣôˣ
С᣺
𰣬˵˧ˡǻǸϿɡ
ڳһһһλƵ·
Ϧ£ͣںӱߣԶȻƵĺˮ
СںӱϷ΢΢һЦҲκ졣
Ԫߵ󣬿紵ĳ㱵֡
оɵô˸
Ԫһ㶣͵ջ֡
Լ̫ðʧȻĬһǧ龲ľ
ú֮ǰϵһУǺС
С
ޣֻߴ֡һ
ϵͳ߳Ϊ񡣡
鷢ƫ룬뾡ʮ𡣡
𰣺ɶ⣿
˴ξ鷢ڵٰʮ¡ϾԺˣѳǿ֮ĩֵ˲ݳ⣬Ȼء
ʱһλŮ·ǰŮߣŮ١ѪѾˡ
𰣺
Сʶʣ㲻ҼϷɣѵ˳֮ҪǷô죿
ֻҪŮ֮ǰΪһɡ
ץ
ȥǲȥ
ôôùǳôֲ͵ȥˣ
С￴ᣬʣ𰣬ôˣ
ܼ̾ܲȡ
ǵתͷ
Ԫ΢΢һ㶣ɫΪʲô£ʹ˳ʱ˲١
Ĺ򣬾˳ǽ
ԶԶأͿһ˵ڵϣѪѾɺɫ
ԪĪ˲õԤУԼո֣Ĭ
ڵϣϢ΢
СﾪȣС˧磡
һϽϴĵҩȻˮι
ѣ
ȥûж
𰼱Ŷڳ
صû¸Ǹ
С̽̽ĺͻȻе𰣡С˧ûˣ
һϽذţϽ
𣡡
𣡡
Ϧ£âѪ
Ԫ⿴۽ǵɺ죬Ȼƺصǰ
һʱΪ˾壬ܴʶ֮ʱĿ޺磡
ĿƺƮڶߣȴһġ𡱡
һתɵһ
Ĩȥǵɺ죬ȥ
һһ˪
СﱾؿţȻʲôһͷŸ
Ͻ˳䡣
𰼱òУ˵СϽС㲻Ҫң
СＱҲ
ֱͷϣתԴſĴۡ
Ȼͷ

ҵ
лҪ˵ʮһ

 27 

, ĸ, ĸˣµһ
ԥػش𣺵һԪ⡣
Ҳ㲻ǡ¡׼ȷ˵ǡη
ֳ־η
ϾһδԽİӴ˾Ԫ⡣
̻ôһ߳, ÿǰ, ҲΪ˾Լꡣ
ƺ漸ġƤ, һԪʱԼʵġ
ÿκС˵ʱܿ֡
ǧ룬û뵽Ԫᵽ
ڿԪһ˲, ĻǺˮһӿ, Ȼټʱ𾪡Ρ޴ԼϱǻɬǹЮںˮľʯ, ͵سͷ
һû͵ȥ
ڻͰãã֮䣬ֱԺ
𰣡
оһ͵ۡ
Ԫһ߷סһü˲վ, ؿ
ǰǾֻҪ𰷸˴ԪʣֻҪؿôһۣ͹ԹԵغг
ʱô, ʶش˸飺
⡢硭ôˣ
ԪͻȻһ硱Ūû
ֻϣʱ߾ú޲Ҹطȥһּӷ
һῴһֿԪ⣬޲ðԼֳ롣
Ԫ⿴ʱ˿̻ڹǸСӣüĿȻһ䣬һӣԶ߷
ģСˡ
͵һԪӲذ˻ȥʵʵվֱˣ
⡢ʲôʱģ
Ԫ⸺ֶµı˪쵽ĽŵסйĽ
Կɼжôҡ
Ԫա
գ
Ƥһ飬͵ˣ
ɵбۿС
С￴쿴أ˫ȥǲ𰡣
Ҳﲻ㡣
͵ػعͷ亹ֱӴӶǻ¡
Ԫ⿴΢΢һۣѹǱһ
ʣ𡣡
ĺһá
Ԫһ£ֹԪ㵱ꡭǷѾ
ֹԪǸͷ
һ´Ͻϣ
ҵȷʵ֮ڡ
ԪһĬһʣ
Ѱ֮Ͷ磿
һ㶣ϵͳȻܱ¶ǵ
Ҳֻ֪һ۾硣
ԪʣΪĻ飿
СܾҾ
Խ˵ԽСԼĻԪ񾭣ǰӻ¡
Ȼ²ǲģԪ⿴˾þõĳĬ
޴룬ѾҪͷСͬĽš
˺ܾãԪЩɳƣȻ°
һ飬͵̧ͷ뷴
Ȼſڵһ˲䣬ȴ͵Լ裬ɵסˡ
ʱԵ˲ᣬ˵һЩ
ʱԵǳ֮ŭĿ򣬾
Ԫⲻһ
ǰѡ
Σҧ磬пԡ
Ԫؿ۾Ķľᡣ
ȻѾٶδȻԸѾ˺ܶ࣬Ԫ⻹һ۾Ϳ
վ
仰͹𰣬ֻҪһʦ֣һһ
һ£΢΢̧ۣǰѾûԪӰȻһգ͵ǰ
ȴһƺߡ
ˡ
СϽؽ·
һѾƻ˾飬ʱ𿴼ǸϽǰܡ
ûʹɳƵ
𰣬ҿˡ
ĽŲһͣ
ͷ̾һ𡣡
ʱʲѪ˵ϱһʺɫʣỹ۽ǣҶһɴȹ֮¡
ؿڣ΢΢һ
Ƭ̣ͻع񣬼ѵң
ֻ·ѡ
Ȼ˶֪Ľ̫׾ӡΪôɳΪ͸պþ
һֱ󡭡
΢΢һ
𰲻֪ԲʲôεߵԱ¡
˵ʱðúùһٽš֮ҪԷԭ¡
ǸղżԪ⣬ľƣѾʲôˡ
ʣ˺ûУ
˵ͷ۽ǹŵᣬ뿪ȴͻȻ뵽ʲô졣
Ѿܾˡ
νԭԭ£ֻԼڴͥڴӦ⵽ҵı
˵ԭ¡
Цһڶû취͸Ըɲǵһԭµӡ
֪ĺȣ֪ԸìܣȻֻҪᣬ̲סĳ
ллҡֻ̫Σգ㻹Ȼȥɡ
һֻһͷǻѪҡҡ׹ӣŲ֪ʱܵһŮɵ̾˿
ȥˮϴһ¡
СߵӱߣûмŴˮ̱ڵϡ
û뵽ԪҲû뵽ῴ
ܸоԽԽƿءһϵͳ
ϵͳô£Ԫô㲻˵ʱѷѾ޺𣿡
ʱѷѾ޸ʱѷƿСԭ£ϵͳޣʱѷ쿪ʱܺ˳ѾǼޡ
εһüġ
ԪǽӽĴڣܿơϾϵͳɷſҪֻҪܴﵽɲϸؾ顣
εص
Ѿ˺üˡ

þöûлɵĵվȥѰ͸еһ
˲һǹһ˲תͷ
ȴһ㶣㣿
Ԫ⸺ֶĬؿ
ؿھʹǽضŶԷΪ֣δ˵Ļ޾ĵ⡣
ʣΪѵ·
Ԫһˡ
ҵ𣿡
ҵˡ
Ԫض𣺡㡣Ҳòʼ仰
ۣк⣿
Ԫͳ
Ǿܾδ޵أ
һֱ촽͸кθϵ
ˡ
Ϊξܾѵ㲻һֱ֣ʹ˹ĻҲŲ
ţ˵ĻǴźٿǰƷˣҧء
·ǷɱҲһ
ʱ˿̣ܰˮ
ǵҷһǷŲ³ޣ޷ԭ𰡣
Ԫһţ˲µ㿪ѡ𣬷ŭɬǳˮһӿ
Ȼصǰɳأˮûʱ
벻ͨʦΪλŴοˣԼֹԪǰ
Ϊӻ顢ʦţַֻΪһԭ£Ϊ˾˲ϧԱ
أ
ʦദʮ꣬Ѿ˼ʹǱɷҲҪ׼ȴ
Ԫ۵׻ްһƬ󳤽Χ˲˼ȡ
ֱָ𣺡㲻
ⲻ¡
Ԫ¾ҵ¡Һʶʱ򣬿㻹Լļ̡
üͷȻһ壬ԪеףĪ˲õԤС
־ǰ֣ÿγֵʱص㶼ɺϣ˵һֱһˣڸովҵˣʶ𰣬ѵġ
磡
һʱͷ
ŴŴˡ
е任۵׵ĵȻԪ⣬ɵõ
磿
лҪ˵컹жһ㣬ʮһ㡣
Ͳظˣ¶鷳Ұæظһ£ôô

 28 

ԪĽüݺݵһ, ָһ, 
Ҳһ£˼ת͵ܵǰ
ԣҸ磡
Ԫ⣺
ֻԪ⣬Сﶼ޳𾪵ˡ
عͷ, ԪֺһЦ

, ڻǰĬ
, ұԪ⣬м, ˷ͥ
ӳͨ, Ҳճ͵ͫס
ֱֱضŻ, ŲӻһӲĵܡ
̫ˣ롣
Ϊʲôôأ
Ϊʲôǽͷأ
һξ⣬ڶξҪɡ˾ţ֮Űѳ֮ߣΪʲô˸Ԫ⣿
һο»ɢɡ
ǰĻ⣬ֳ嶯, ҪȻȥˣֱݰɡ
𰣬ô֪㻹һ֡
ͻȻʡ
Сһ𳤴󣬴֪ĸʲôʱչӡ
͵ػعһҪ, ȴ͵ؿˡ
ƭ˵Ԫ֣仰˵֮ãɻͻǺһ𳤴ģмԺӣԺммֻ
˵Ԫֱ֣ƭ
Ҫôͣɵ͵͵һԪ⡣
ԪһϮ£ϥҹɫͬһĬ
ȻǸɱȻӣйһ㶼ûҪȻ˼
ʹӦȵĿ⣬Ҳûа㲨
ԴӸղ˵֮һֱĬûһȫǿյ֣ҲͲָΪԼԲˡ
Ŀ⣬Ķǻһ亹
͵أ뵽˽ڣ򶨵ص
ҸʱżȻģΪ粻ϲڼ˾Ĵεɢޡûм
̧ۿԪ⣬ɫȻе԰ףȸղźѪɫ˺ܶࡣ
΢ɤʣ
ϴˣ𰡣
ˣ
ڱʲôʱ
ѵǡϸ£
𰲻ɵÿСС￴𿴲ݾǲ
Ԫ΢΢̧ۣǡҾ
ɵ뵽ʱԼ¹ɫ΢΢Ź֡ǸˣȻ¡
һ亹ԭ硢ʶˡ
ԪҺǰʶˡ
һӲӣѵһڿˮ
ԭͼˣ𻹲֪ԼԪδ޵£ԪһͰ¶ɾˡ
Ͼˣ˵ϵͳʶ
ڸоԼͬڵϣһ˲ͱж˿顣
ΪʲôǰδԼǽٵͷϣ
ǱӦɣһǱӦɣ
С￴ú޲ðԴɵͬ̾
ݵʱͻȻһյһ
ǰ𣿡
һǰһ
ŮһŮˣ
ˣվ˿ȥ
죬ֻлǰ˳Ĭ
һۣۡ
Ԫ㰵δˣ¼ֲ˶á
۵׷ࡢϢȣҲǶ˵ġ
Ԫ̧ۣȻѾѡ뿪𰣬ǾĪҪڴ˵ضպ󲻿ɼһ档
ֶֻѣҺ²๡
ۿҶȨ
Һһ𳤴ǵ鲻˾
˶һۣԺһ
ȻмԾսг.ǹԪµ˪֮ʱͻȻԶЦ
ɫ΢䣬ٶȳĬ
һŮӴоյĲԾǿһЦ
λǼ·˵ҪǼպһ
Ůǣһͷ¿Ա߻һҵСѾߡ
ŮӾǡ¡һŮ顣
ԭΪжԹСѾܳȥҰ֣ȴһӻҡյҸϵʱ·˵ǾͰȻؼҡ
֮ºײ룬ڻƼұһƿ˺֮󲻽Ƽˣ鱨˳𣬸Ҫջһ֪
ʱؼҵģȴû뵽ڻ·ˣΨһֻһ¿պϣˡ
קһҪߣһİˣղôΣҲһ
ϲϲذѻߣ
ǼҲǸ·ģԿԷġ
Ҳһӣɵõͷ
ﵨӴԸ壬ҪȻôһ˴һСѾ߾ͻĸ׼Ԯ
ԱߵСѾ߽վڻߣȻӵҲŬ򾲵ӡ
Ż⣬͵͵شһ¼ˡ
ڶ棬ɫ԰׵һϮ¼ȫҹɫ
΢΢һƫͷͼһԱߣƺһƣʹҹɫҲ뵷⡣沿Ȼ˲ұӡ
֮գʹղҲܸӦõ
鲻ɵð˵ʲô·
˵˺ǰŮʲôϵ
Աߣʣ
˶˭
Ԫʱ΢΢̧ۣ𰡣
𰣺
ˣСһҵĸ磬һҵġ
ֱ촽
ҧѡ
³ޣû˵
һ亹ԼӾȳģôоһԼӣ
Ԫƺһ㣬ĬĬصݸһˮ
ӹ
ͻȻסſһ΢΢ƫͷƺڵǵɺ졣
ɫһ䣬ʶذˮݹȥ
ɫԪһۣ˲٣û¡
Ÿоĺ⣬ĬĬջˮЦû¾ͺá
˻ȥһֱûпһۣɵý
һϾ͸ţʲôչ
ʻ飺ƹôԼʹһСѾ߳ţ°·ʲôΣ𣿡
һСѾ߾͸ӵҡ
̾һڶİˣҲ˵ֻ̫࣬ǵ
ֻΪһ¡
»鲻ǣǸϽԼó
£ʲôѾ͸˵ϾĵӣȻڽŲϺţݿǻʵġ
鿴һƣɲϾı־
ǵԼڵʱϾĳϻμӹҵأʱжһ䱸
ָָ𣬵ҵѽ𣬾Ǹһ˵𡣡
𣿡
ֵģһֱĵӶΪû뵽￴
𰿴һó
ڳʦŵʱѾȥˡ
𰲻ɵһ㶡
ĲΪ˲ʦţѾǱĵˡ
Щӵؿ
ˡѾˡִشҵû˲֪û˸ðɡ
˵꣬һüһǵñ˴һ˹δޣʲôţ
ϽƹҳʲôѴ͸˵ΪϾӳͼ岻ݴǣ
ڷ½䱸ֻ˵ǰ»ЩԿڡ
СѾߣ
ΪҼүҵǸ·ˡ
ֻ֪Ƽ£ѾòˡСѾôҲ˺棺
·ˣôˣ
СѾսȭͷǼϷߺүһֱûȢ˼꣬Ҳ֪һӣôȢؼˡ
·үĳ谮С㡣·˻һ׵֣СǸŭԡ
֣֡Ƥһ
Ī˲õԤС
ǽҵʣȻأ
Ȼ·˾ͽָүʶүһʣͺ˰ӡ
һڿˮѾЦˣ
΢΢ͶߣԪѵÿʣ
֮ô
СѾ߷߷߲ƽڻׯװģ·һӡ
βСѾ˵ֱҧгݣ
뵽ǸŮ˾ȻְͨͲ֪˶ˣ
һ˲䣬Ԫ⻹С˲˹
ľ۽Ǽᡣ
̫ˣ롣
ΪһůӵС¯û뵽һյʣĴ衣


 29 

оһĿ, ĺˡ
鿴ɫǺ, ȭ
ǲҲ˹֣˵ʲôһԹŮ
Ƥһ飬ؿ飬Ҫ˵ˡ
Ȼûܲİʾۼ˵̬, , Ͳ԰׵ɫڻ, Ϊ⼸ߣɵЩж
ǽŵ
ǸֺǸ꾫ÿҸ׵Ƥ¹, ÿ˵ҵ, ҵ˵Ǻ, ҲҪ¡
Խ˵ԽߣұҸ֤ݰ⵹ԹŮû뵽ҵͻȻϸ±Сǻׯռȵˡ
˵ţɵúۿ
ļʵ˵һֱڻҵŮµ֣һֱҲ֤ݡΪ˵Ѿڵˣû뵽Ȼôߣ
ôߣôô߷
ΣСﶼ̲ס, ļϲԴ
ҧû뵽ǸӾȻһӣ˵ԼŮĸͲˡޣΪûпǸŮǸ꾫һģһ
Сͬʱɴۡ
˲䣬Ҳ֪ΪΧĿޱȵذ
ƺⶼһ˲
Ϣ, ԪͻȻС
СļԹԵԪǱߡ
ֻߵһ룬СϸȾͽסˡ
̧ͷԪԴĿ⣬ߣٿһҪı飺

С£ֻһֻԹϵĶѣ
ԡ
Ԫϴμ˸㣬ġ
𰣺
ɱҰɣ
ѵסＷһ仰
ƹ֪Ǻܹ֣㻹һ˵ɡ
Ѿǵڴˣ٣
ΪΪɵøжһռ˻ׯһŮƵҲûпɿڣǾ׼ȥҾ˾˰æû뵽ҧһ´û뵽˾ҲΪһһֱӰҸ˳ҾĿףֲؿɽׯ뻵֣֮òȥ
һȻص
ʵ̫ˣʹҲ飬ֱǸȫµĨڣ
ס֣ƹǧҪΪŮͶȫµòᣬҪϻдĸģ
鱻ĻŪͷת򣬲ɵ㶵صͷ
ԪⴹСëû˵
С﷭˸ۣǰûôᣬװʲôȰ
ָϽȻƹѴǼܼȡҪȻǾ͸ؼҰɡ
̽ؿ
ֻϧֻŻѣû˵
״ϽλܹмҼ챦ʱѡʹ˶õĴ¶Ҳеġ
¶
ɵ̧ۡ
ĴϴѾˣҪһ㣬ҪһζҩǾǴ¶
˵¶ʮһεʳ֮գϵ¶ãʮܵõض׸һ㡣
ʱԶ֮ҲͲΪˡ
뵽һͷãҽˡ
ʱһ
תˣ
ϲӣĿϰң
ֻҪ¶
лллллӺ磡
ﻹΪԪ׸ء
ԪֺһЦ
ֻǡ鿴ɫ԰ףɵЩǣֻˡ
΢ƣû¡
šһüǰһǣһ򿴿
˲޲ɣǾôӦˡ
ңûȥ˯ԼС´պһ
СſĲϢţƽ
Ȼ𰱳ǣ۾ںڰеɵʾС
С͵͵شĲ̶Сۣɤӿʼʵʱ
Ԫڴɫƽʱһس
С˧ڱĿˡɫЩ԰ףǱȰҪһ㡣
Ԫˣһۣ
ĺȻһ
С˧ҲˣҲһۣ
ᡣ
һۣСƺ˿еĻ𻨡
𰣺
⻹ò˯ˣʲô
СͬգһѾ̾˿
ʲôãƫƫڱԴĻº˰ɣɾˣ׼ͬھˡ
ӣҲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
ֻǳѰ⻹û湻һؾ£˭ù
һ͸Ͻ߰ɣߣҪȻһԪǵñը̻ɡ
ϴг֮ǰ֮ʱ˿̣ԲܳǱҲܳ
С￴ɫȥɵ̾
Լ̫ˣںαֿࡣ
һְֻﲻʲôæֻͬˡ
ҹһˣ̲סԺ˯˹ȥ
˯һоɵðСĶƤȥ
Ժأƺ˭Զ
ȻͻȻһůǱе
ССԪһ䣬Ͳ
̸жӡ
Ǻãʹôȱµǲǰӡ
رۡ
Ƭ̣һŲһһѲ
ƺӲһһѻ
𰣺
ʼоˡ
ϱůȣټǻ¯һĴѣڸоԼһϣѾҪˡ
ˮСһĶ£ҪСëʪˡ
룬ԼʲôΪʲôҪ
õİɣĲǹ
Ƕǲ
ĻǲҪʼĻᱻİɡ
СĨȥǵĺ
ɻ
Ԫͬʱ͵ͣ֡
Ԫʣʦ㡭
Ҳü
ûж۽Ҫ˵ҲҪˮҲҪ·ֻ˯

ڶһ磬ӳɫ΢ף۵ڣɵ΢ȣɫôôѿǲ˯ò̫ã
ǿһЦû£˯÷ǳá
鿴˿Щ˼ʵǶԲռ
˰֡
Ͳġ
Ϊ̫أûȫ𣬷ҪԪţκòſϷߡ
𰲻ΪλûĸԸشߡ
ϵͳͣһԤڵ⡣
ԭֻǳͬܺöһ˳֮ϲ
һΣĳ֣ǰ˽ףڰ·ϣ⡰ƷȻܷɡ
Σû취Ϊ˰ƷȥȻ͵øš
ĸ˿ʼ·
һ·ԣһƣЩϢ
鱾˵˵ЦЦ˵˵ţ͸оΧЩԾ
ǰˣɵ͵͵𰣺
ҿѺĹϵôð
ǿһЦſ
˵ţ˹ٵ
ڳ£쿴ֱ˳Ⱥ졣
һ΢΢һЦ
˽ԲԼͬػͷ˳
˳ڣһҽݣڿʱͻĴ˿
ڴĦ࣬ɵʣʲôӣ
˺ܿ
ڡӣһ궼˳˳޲ʹ
𰰵ԼҪúðݰùò񻰡
鿴˾ͷǸɴ䡣
ֱһ̯ǰһۿһɫĺɰ
հǮ£Ÿ߻ɵһЦҪ͸˭
ˣҾǿÿԼš
ר͸ӵĺɰֻʽĴףֳǵӶԡ
оɺڿƤӲɵһ
С壬ʽﻹûУ
һЦȴǲ˹ղõһ
𰣺
С￪ʼʵʱΪ
С˧վҪûж
ԪҲվҲҪ͵㿪ˡ
鿴ɫףɵһ㶣𰣬ô˵㵽Ҫ͸˭
һĬĬذѺɰ˺롣


 30 

Ħ, ·̯һɴ˫, ȵؿһСޱذһɰ˺롣
龪ȣô˺˰
𰡰žذĺɰС̯ϣһһ٣
ɰҾͷˣ˭ԸҪҪɣ
СһЦȻǾģʲô¡ɰ, Ҳûˡôˣ
Сû˵, ͿԱߵĻСȺ
߰ɰأ
˵, Сɰȴû뵽һͷ
ɰأ
Żֻʶ, ǰС
ߴʣ
, Ҫȥﰡ
Ҫȥݷȥȥù
һЦ, Ҳȥҵ˼ڵ°Ϣ
ΪԼŻ飬ڵʱܹ㣬û뵽˱䱾ôߣ
ߵӱߣһС꿪ʼߺȣ
Ǽҵӱֺÿɣ
˳ȥ
رö, ƣ͸ֻ˸ãҲһݣ
͵һ䣬Ųֱӹ˸䡣
ߵϣһ̯ǰ塣
²ؿ
￴ۼҵ, ЩһóȥǶһ޶
ĪһĬĬذ˻ȥ
£Сˮ
űӣʲôôôûǴܳ𣿡
ǹ˴ųʵŸ𣡹ҪǲӦɴؼҸֳʡ˵û㣬ֻУҲҲڶţ
ĺëһ

ˣˣ
ѵҪڱ𣿣
һ·ϲ֪ͣ˼ΣͻſڵʱѾˡ
鼴ʹٴҲԾˣСĵػͷ
ûо˸ţ
𰰵ŷְ˵Ѿһ·ˡ
˵ϹûУ˸ţû
ͷӦҿˡ
˵ţһҪһۣ־顣ֻܰڷǰһ㡣
СļϣͷĴ󺹣ɵ̾һ
Ŷ
գǰɽ˺
̧ͷһ̨׺һ޼ʵĶ飬ιȥ
ҪȥȴһͷͿɷվڲԶϽعͷ
ˣһ𣬲ŲħͷĻڡ
鿴ųĶҲЩ֪̾ͺˣô˵ʲôʱܵ
𰽫СﶥͷϣŻѵ
ûᣬ͸е죬ǳ˷һ
鲻ɵþ죺ôһ£ôԽԽˣ
ˣɵΡ
һᣬϷҴҵسһСкһǰһ͵ذеĴˮתߡ
ʶקסСֵܣˮҸҸʲô
СкĨһѺиҸġ
ң˭ң
ֲʶֵúܣ촩Ÿ·
𰲻ɵһ
ⲻĽ϶ļҵĹӿ˰ɣôû˸ˮأ
𰿴ˮң΢΢һ̾
ûѶɽͿǰΧһȦˣŶӵųǩ
˵ķģкܶ˲ԶǧΪǩ
𰰵ҵúúðһݣȥһȥù
һӣڵ𰡣
һ򣬾ͷȺҲ֪ʱһһˡ
һվĪࡣ
Ųӣ۲Ĳ
ϵعڷǰۣĬԼȻ˺ܶ˵Ļ飬ҲΣȲѵģһĺŮˡ
汣ٵùˣϿͨȺɷջȥɡ
ɮ˵ݸһǩͲһһΡ
ջγһ֧ǩ͵ؾԱ߱һŮĿ޽
һϽͷͿһŮͷɢǰʹޣԱߵô
ôˣ
ԱߵСص
˰ɡ
ͷСͻһйϽ˹
ֲ㲻֪Ůʮ˴Ĵˣɷʵغ
û뵽ɫɷ򲻱ʱ͸ھ͵飬ӲذԼɷˡ
ʶ˲õԤС
⻹㣬޸ھӺֺͶŵҩϰ͵飬Ӳذھӡ
Ƥһ
ҩϰһ𣬻ǲ֪㣬ͳֹһҩϰĪرУǰղŮӲΪɷɥҡУ˵ԼһŮˣֻűӽأ
𰣺ȡһ¡
鲻ɵ뵽ԼǸ۵ĺս˫ȭŮ̫ɥȻأ
Ҳ֪ǲǿˣŮҹμĸ겻ɢظŪóԲ˯ãЩ񲡣ⲻΪİ
ʷĸܷܲŹһǩӣǸǩĸ֣
롯
һûⲻͷˣ
ôʹ죬һͷɫ԰סҡҡ׹һ㶣
𰣬ôˣǲǱŵˣ
ûС𰼷һ΢ЦذסԼµǩӡ
ǩǳ롣
ǡǩʲô
ȫʬ

ͻһתͷͿԪվ󣬲ɵһ
ʲôʱģ
ղš
ʱľƣյ
˵ôˣ
ſڣȴһ£˵ǺΣգˣʱǿ֮ĩ
𰿴¸԰׵ڱʱԼ¹Ļʱ˰ˡ
δãֶ˸ʱԭ黹Ҫء
ЩͷߵĻһ·᲻ᡭ
𰿴⣬Ͻ
һٸһ̰ɣ˺ߡ
˵ţ̽ؿһԪ⡣
Ԫⱳû˵
𰲻ɵ̾˿
ԴϺһֱûкͺúġҲ֪ﵽ׶жʧ
ʱ˵ֲڱŰɡ
Ȼֻദ˲һ죬ͦϲģʣ
𰣬㲻һҼܺġ
ع񣬰ҪûԪ⣬϶Ҫȥġ
ֻһ겻ɢȥĻ»ׯǲˡ
ҧԺлİɡ
ڽ˵˸࣬˼˲òȥСջסޡ
֪û˼ִڻĽҰĿջõĴٵص㡣
ϣԻ˵Һһ˯ɣҲиӦ
ҡҡͷСѾ˹ˣһһѾء
ֻõʲô¾ʹҡ
ҹˣͻסһ࣬Ԫסڶ档
ҪŵʱͻȻվſڡ
һһףɷǡ
ƤһĪ뵽֮ͷӽڵϣ͵عš
С￴ŵùǺɵú棺𰣬ʲôҪɽСڣСᱣġ
عͷص㲻֪Щ˱ɽӿ¡
˵ţټӵһſڡ
¿˭ҽ
һμῪţ
СﲻɵΡ
ǰСϪϪˮԣżС
СĿˮˣҲ֪Լʲôһ
𰣬Сȥץ
˼ӦڶʲôͷҲصػ֣ȥɣҪСġ

ҹ룬š
ԪͻȻһֻصڸۡӡ
ֻǡȫôܻõ
ǡ
Ԫ͵һۡ
κǰ֮ϢIһ͡
ȣ
Ԫ⵹һ͵ֱ塣
ô£ô
Ϊô
ѵ֮ͽ
治ɫԪɾʱȻһӺ
༫ǶƺᵽĺϷ죬üĿȴġ
˱ۣתߡ
ȴû뵽΢΢һ̧֣קס
ɳƣ˳ޱȣһСϵĲ˯ڸʲô
˵ţԺؾҪ
Ԫɾһ鲻ۿҪۣǧһ֮ʡ
Ĭһ¿ھ
ۣѡСڻӲӣɵһЦ
ǲ͵ʲôˣôô飿
СϸȽֱţһ
˴ϣҲվȣֱӵȥ
һЦ˿£ҪȻʱ˵ˡ
Сľ㶵ؿо궼ûˡ
˯⴫һƺߡ
һѪζ
񾭲ɵñ˭
Ƭ̣ɳƵ˹ҡѾˡ˯ɡ
һֻһͲɵһѡ
ʱ⣬ҵһʱΪȥΣգ֪ջȫǾһֱذɡ
ǽҹɽԶ֪
СϣעŴš
ôҹôܻһ棬Լûûε˯¡
ԼҲܰŽǵȥ˯ɡùҡ
û˵
кܶණţƺܿĬͦεӰ
ɵ졣
Σ紩Ϯ𰲻ɵô˸
ѹֵƿȴһΣǴ˵Ѫζ
Σֻõˣˡ
ôţٿذԼղŶŵļҾ߰Ὺһ߰һ߰Լ¡
һͷС๿ԼԪ⣬ʶش˸¡
ȻʼԼɣ㲻ôңҲȲѡҲҸ˰ɡ
Сû˵
𰲻ֹСôŹŹֵֹġ
˾ţ֮ŰΰʰῪһţһӰ͵һ¡
һ̧ͷ׶ɽѾû˺վǰɫ԰ֽ
ɫһ䣬ǿȵذȻһˮ
Ƣôôȥ㲻ȥº˰ɣֳ˿˰ɣ
ֱ촽û˵
ȥñӣȴ֪ʱСצӹرӣĬĬؿ
һһ񡱳Ĭضӡ
߹ЦãϽѡСߣСֵƤˡ
˵ţǰ԰׵ǣͻȻЩ졣
ӣôǶſڣ
ӣĲڵƹǲ޾ķâԼ¡
ΣӦΪкܶ಻˵Ļ˵ɡ
ָһӳϵĳޣ΢΢ʧ
ξʲôһģϷ
Сۿˣм䣬ؿ
ΣСͷôô֡
˵ţͻȻһ죬ʲô˴ϡ
Ͻһн뿪һᣬǸϽȥô¡
һ򿪴
ҹЯˮ˽
һֻ߲ʵĻվڴֺ̨õسצӡ
۾ֻͷ˿ϵġС

Σ žһ͵ع˴
С
лҪ˵ţϿܲ¡忴֪ͨ
PsڡūѾˣ

 31 

ĬĬع˴
һ˲, ˺ܶࡣ
ֲýС￴ЩŹ, ֲһֱ˵ֱֲô
һжΪԪģ
תͷСؿֻ
ʱֻóԶֵСȫˡ
·һ⣬ϸצǳҵëÿһǡô, ̶С, ʱ⡣
ߺܾöû, С΢΢ͷһһؿ
ǿһЦ, Сĵ˻ȥ, ƨմ˰ӡ
͵عһڲˮ, Ȼллˡ
һ£֮͡
ƫͷ˳ĽëͶ°ӰƹıɢһĹ
һת۾Ϳϵǵ˰̣ɵ΢΢һ
ɣСԱ߳, ǰ
𰣺
һΣضԴֻذүĳ£Ȼ
ҲҲˣȥ
֪ҪͿ, ǻվߵſڣıӰɫһߣ΢΢ƫͷҹɫޱȵͳ
𰣬ǲΪˣ
𰲻ɵһ
֡
ϽҺûʲôģ
䣬ġСͻȻһ
һҺͺҲֻǲ׵Ĺϵѣ׵ģ
عͷֱ촽
ʵ͸𰻰٣Ȼ٣ѾȨ״
ϾŸյ˵ܾá
ʱڽӽĻ
뵽˶вɵð˫
ͺ뿪ɡҵʵûʲô󰭡
һ㶣ɵʣԼ𣿡
ؿһۣһֱԼ
˵ţذ˷š
ľŻظߣ𰿴Žյľţһ˲Ժ˼ҲǱˡ
Щ֡ͺһع֡
ôţػͷҲܽ˫ᱳɳġСɵǿһЦССҹ㻹ǸϽȥ˯ɡ
Сƫͷһۣ𰣬˵Զƭҡ֪ҲС
˵ţǰͻȻâʢе¹ⶼǱ˹һУԪӰߡ
˹ظԼһ裬¹ͬһȾ˪ĵ
𰲻ɵһ¿ˮ
Ԫһ˦ӣСκشһίؼ᣺
𰡭
۵òУҪȥԪ⵲סοҹ޵ĳͷ
СϹСѾˣСҹޣͬģ
˵ţǰһվҵ˿ɽͦһͦظ
ֻϧҵѱ
ԪΪ𰣺ղſϷﻹǸСӡ
ʶصɴۣûУʲôʱ˵
ֻϧ˸ղţ˵ʲôﶼǽƱ硣
ԼĲˮˮ滺
˺ǰδ޵ĹϵǴСһ𳤴ʦùϵ
ò𰡣
Զǵʦܸһ죬ССװ׵һţضʯ档
ʹڵЩѣǸµСʦá
Ʋ˫̬Ȳ˵ҲСӡ
رϸ¿Ǹʲôѩһ֮
תͷ֪𲢲һסˡϸ»Լʦòˡ
ĻԪ˵Щ˵ȥҧ֣¹
ѹȷѩ¹
ô̼
ȡһ¡
ع
Ǹȷѩòɣ
۽һ飬Ͻתƻ⣺ʦ֣㲻õġҵҲСˣЩԼܽ
Ԫƫͷ㻹ҵʦá
ôһ˵ǰɵһᡣ
ϾԽĵһ磬˵ûһرǲܵġ
һνӴ֮ӣһνӴǣһνӴʱʱ̻̿ˣԪ⡣
һ֪ԼҪ壬ڻϵߵʱǶʱ䲻֪жʹࡣ
ʼȾƣһֻһγʣ֮Ϊϰߡ
ֻŨҵĸ顢̵ļҲʱű䵭ɫ
Ԫһμʱ˵ĻҪǲˣôܼǵסôĸأ
ڿԪ⣬һֲʵУǱĵ׵ûȫ֮ǰԡʦֿ־ȲԽӿ˳
˵ԼηԪ⣬ȴǾηϡ
ǾηĹȥ
ϣԪ⿴ϣԪʲôǸСɰСʦá
Ԫ⿴ʧ֪뵽ǰûдǰԼռĶóذϣ
֪ǲǵãҵһγȥʱһֻˮޣڵ
ҺһȥŰݼʱյĻص
Һһȥʱҵһ
ӣԪ̧ۣЩһֱڡ
ͫ𶯡
ָظЩ㲻ıΪԪˣû뵽һֱϡ
ЩһѰԿףļ
ΪȥֻһȻԼµĺۼⲻһɬ
СĬĬֱϣοز˲䡣
Ԫ⾲ؿû˵
ʰʣôãӦͺ˰ɡ
ʵԪϵˡ
ԪǴΪ˾֮׾ֱ½֮󲻵òһһ޸ꡣΪ޸꣬ò޴ŬѾ޸ϣָ֪ô
ôʣԪȻ뵽Լϵ£Լ꾹Ȼصظ𰣬ѵ⣿
ôţʣʦãҿɷһꣿ
һ㶣ϵͳ˸ô죿
ϵͳú¡Ԫ鲻ʲôġ
ŵͷԪ顣
Ԫ֣ͷʶɨȫ͸ྻ
һʼԼ
ѵԼǱʶĶʦִƴҲҪȥ
뵽Լղһ۾ͳϷ飬ɵÿʼԼ
ʦ֣ҵû£
Ԫҡҡͷ
أ
Ԫҡҡͷ¡ֻʱ
һЦеؿû¾ͺá
ֹؿ𰣬˳ȥ
Ī
ڶһ磬ҪǷֱֱ鰧ţһΡ
ߵԱһССֻһһŮʯû˼Ҳû㡣ֻһС
𰲻ɵʣʲô˹Ź֣
鲻֪ͷǡĸҪ϶һ޶ĺýΪ˳ȫԸĸԸϵһ񽣡ӴԺΪ˼͸Ǹһ
ӣ̫˰ɡ
ҡͷǸʱ׷ǻǲͬġ
ĬĬ߽ĸģ΢΢һЦ
Ԫ⿴ǵЦԺƺʲôһ
лҪ˵ˣҪϸҾʱע

 32 

Ȼ˼һ, Ԫ⻹ץסʧ
תͷ, Ǿڴ˷ֱɡ
԰׶ûֻ̧ۣǵ
ڡ
𰿴ͬ.ǹһֱıӰȻصǰ
һңźҪ˻顣һֱŴ˵, һ, ˤ˵ĶӦ
һ, ҲʹҲֱͦ˼һһ뿪ߡ
ηֱ, һμңң˰ɡ
𰹴һǡ
ҲáֻЩһСBOSS, ɹŻиա
Զ, ٻǾȫĴˡ
һ£СѾ߸ӰʧС
СС˧ˡ
𰴹ӣû˵
Ԫ΢΢һ䣬ǰĳͻ䡣һۣ˵ɽ
ɽԣƺ嫡֮˷, ƺֻʣˡ
𺳵ͬʱɵô˸¡
Ԫʩ䣬ȻĬ
𰽫ɪɪСﱧڻû˵
֪һߣʣԪ, ʱ֮Ҳӱܲˡ
Ԫ˵ʲô
ǻ˻Ǳʾڵʧ
һӣԴӳշֿ󣬾ûм档һμ棬ͷֹƽ߶ָӵؿһۣ֮ͳʧ硣
Ҳ˵ͷβǷһǸ
Сıһ
磬Բ𡭡
ûȥ
˵Ļһ䣬һ㶡
𣬲ƷӿԶȺɽ¶ǣѩɵһƬ
Ƭ̵ļžУ𰲻ɵûعͷ
Ԫûпǵݸһơ
ؽӹɾƵ˲صǰʱɸĺԺڳһ̳ƣӴԺ벻ľҺ塣
˳Ĭһˮͷһڣ΢ƣ
ǰûһһȾơ
Ԫ⿴žƺ۲ڻ飬ҲǻȥĻ㱣
ҲûϾҵһֱӵġСġʦһ䣬ϰ졣ŵӡ
û뵽ٴμ㣬㾹ȻѾܺһȾˡ
紵۽Ƿ죬ӣǿЦ
˶ǻġǰҲûԼ
ԪͳĿⱻչӳóγ
ֻٱ䣬Щ²ܱ䡣ʦãǵʦ˵Ļ
ͷǵáӦġ졣غ㣬ɴ
Ԫҡͷû
̲סʣ磬ԲҵĻ飬Ϊ˵Ц
Ȼⶼϵͳ񣬵еһǷһǸ
Ԫҡҡͷָһס۽ǵᡣ
Ҳ΢΢ɳƣѾˡδҲʦ֡ҴС㳤ĴҲҵΡ
ûн̺㣬㶯̰ҲûмʱȰ㣬޸³
ͷǶȥˡ
Ԫ΢΢һһַ𡭡˶٣Ե޷֣Ժ򲻿ˡ
ͷҺԵѾԺԶٳˡ
һ硣
ֻҪܰĵˡ
Ԫģ
ɸѾˣʦҲѾȥȻѾתͶ̥㻹ҵʦá̧ۿ
˵ã޷޵óԸһȥ𣿡
̧ۿĿƲ㷭ӿȻһ̫ӳ۵ףط
ʱ˿̣Ҫȥȴԡ֡ڣ
ֻڲŹзصƺѹסʹ־ġ
ӭĿ⣬ͫײɵò
ȥ
Ҫͺȥ
ϵͳѾſҪûҲûжӰ졣ҪǺͺȥĻ
Сﲻɵգŵëվ
Σͷ
磬Բ𡣡
һûɹǣȥҲãͶ̥תҲ𰡣˾ͲҪȥűˡ
ٻȥյľɡ
ŵĴŵСڻҡ
Ԫһֱûж
ֱԶƾֱͣչ΢Ż³ޣƣ
á
˵ţơ
ʱҪˣҪˡ
һ㶣ˣ
Ԫ⿴ԼӱءԺ򲻿ԡ֮·ҳġ
һʱ֮Ҫ˵ʲôȴоԼĺסˣֻܹԹԵصһͷ
ĿϵСϣϷһ˽ƣʱѷʱղ㡣ƾԸмڴ˵Ҳɻķ
СĬĬر𰣬С֪
Ԫص˵棬ͻȻܲХ
˳Ĭضӣ֪˴ηֱҲûĻˡԪӣȻֱôʹʱѷ콫շֳ룬ҲĿһۡ
ĺ˶Ҫ˵ʲôȴֻ˼֣
磬ء
Ԫһͷοʼɢûп𰣬ת
һģۺָ⡣˲仯һʧ
磡
ͽ͵ǰȴץһա
ָڿһط
СզգСģСء
ۣС˲գᡣ

һһٶ·˦СƤ޴СߡﾰɫҲЩ¡
ϣС˯ҹͻ꣬ʹ˯Ҳɵôһ¡
СԺˮȡˮӰǿȴǴңʱһͨɫȵӹ˳
Сһ㶣צӰ˰ǣӹعֱߡ
һü
Сʱסְӹ˻öͨ巢ȣһóڶů࣬ɵЩ档
Ҳ֪ĺöΪʲôòҲһֱûó
Сĵؿһ𰣬Ȼ̽档

ڶһ磬ѵþԼ˯һþرҹȻûбѡ
۾һתͷСڽ䣬ֻųһ۾һһش
úЦʱ
ֻǸһ룬Ϳƨɵһźɫӣƣʲô𣿡
˵ţֱӰó
С͵ؾѣеǿӣһСﲻǹҳģ𰲻Ҫ
䣬Ϳǿӷ
ɵʣô
عСĵذĶ㶼Զԡ
ΪʲôСƣСﻹҪ𣿡
ʲôû󡣡һЦֻҵġ
˵ţͳһɫ飺ûĿŶܶ
Сɫ죬ˣQֱߣ˭͵ѽǲС˧ѽ
бһۣǡ
ǣСˡȷⲻɽĶ͵ģҲԪ͵ģǵ˭͵ģ
֮ӲҪȥġ
˵꣬ʲôƵģЦһ
ʱѷѾرˣ֮Ҳ˰ɡ
Сﲻɵơ
֪߹ã𰱾ΪСһھľֱ·һݡ
ݺ֣Ϻ˾۵һ˷ܽе
һǹģ
ǿɲذռ˻ׯ꣬˼ɵߣһʱû취û뵽Сȥһ죬ͽһǹġ
ͬʦֹ۹ֳ˵˼ƽɽׯСӲ԰δ͸ɽһأʦֿúò죡
˵˰죬ɱСӵ˭
˭£
𰲻ɵһЦ
СˮС𰣬С˧硣
ͷ
һ̾˵ǻׯټļҵȴֻһŮС㳤òɣ˳˲ƾã⣿
ɾͲ´ˡƹﱨֻҪһδ¶֮ʧټǻƹҲģ÷׷¸¾׼
𰲻ɵһ㶡
ѵַ˸ı䣿
ͱɣѾ仯̫࣬һˡ
ֻǲ֪ڵ
飬Ӧһѷҵ׷ɱһɡ
˽ǰߣС˵ԶһɽϵĲԹóԵýһֱˮԴȥɽժ
ֻǲԹûҵҰһӣһһԵͻȻ콵꣬ҵôֲǱӽһɽ
С˦ͷë˦ɺʣ䲻䰡
ҳһɲ񣬰ѻϣȻȼ˻Ͳˡ
䣬͸е紵˽һ̧ͷɵһ㶣𣿣
.ǹĬվڶڡ
£ɫӲ԰ףȻӽģˮѪ
ʺġ˵Ѫ
һϽվ
ԴϴηֿѾȥһˣΪܳһʱ俴ȴû뵽
𻺻̤ɽÿһϵѪζ͸Щ
ЩԼģȻЩ׷ɱ˵ġ
ֻһûͳ˺ܶ࣬ϵѪζأҲø
һ𰣬Ķ棺ɡ
ָָϵѪ¡ⲻѪ
һĶ棬
ϴηֱһΪһþòܼ㡣
ΧɨһȦƺȷʲô΢΢һ£Ҳû뵽
ܾöԷĻֱñǰˣɵεӡ
һǰ鱨˳Ӧ˰ɡ
ƷԤҪͻơ
ʵΪģɳ졣
˺۵֣̫Զ
𰰵ԼҪ̫ߡ
𰿴˲ٵգߵĹǰͣ
С᲻õצӹΣһӵĻ
ӦʶɣǷǵĺɽȫǡ
ƾܣĹӣͻȻһ㶡ǴʲôĿأ͵ؽĻǰ
ʱǵ˺ɽϣڿ־͵УԼҰݸѪ죬ȻͿ˸߸ߵϳһִԲĺ
Ϊ˻ȥֻëѪȻǿȥСӵ壬ЩԲ
ÿκͶ߲Ͳս֮󣬼ʹȫѪҲѵȥӣʱһСĻᱻҧ
Ǽź֧ź֧
ֱһ죬һҹ꣬ϵĹӶڶɢһءǾҵذǶȥ졣
ܼȥÿڲ֮й¶һ˿飬ͻǾסһƴ
Сʱ򣬻Ǳ˻ֻصɽһ
ټĺ
Ѻ˲ſھһҧСɣҪժѵúܡÿժҪˤͷ񳤴ˣṦҲˣȴܾûǰζˡ
ǰƺתĳֻ棬̫ûüץס
ӷ£ҪƷЩЪϢɡ
׿ɲС£ر׵ĳסһСľͻ߻ħѪ
ϽסС죬СæҾԲ㡣
£΢΢߶һ»ѣʢ֮űۡ

ԪصţԼȱչ졣
Щ죬ǰԪɾȥôһԱˣ
ҲЩ棬û¾ȥԪĸۡǰһȦ
֮Ԫ⿪أ߳ۡƣüĿȻƺǸЦԪɾ
ֻʲô͵͵ذеߣԪⰡٱչأʲô⣿
Ԫƽû⡣
һƭ˱˻ƭң˵ɣǰ͵͵ȥʲôˣ
ԪⴹһλˡĿǰ֪ȫãҲǣˡ
һǡˡǡŮˡԼסҳ˵ǰͷҪǰôţɡΪ˵ģҿɾͲ׷ˡ
ĿǰȫϣĵӣǧҪСʧ󡣡
ԪüĿȻҺԵѾҲ롣
бǡ
ǵԪһΡ
ؿſڣ硭
͵ؾѣſնҹɫ
Ԫصۡһ£еӷ֣ǸߴߴСĲˣԪ⣬üĿ䵭
ȥףܾ֮Ż
һֻʲôף
µĵƣֻǿԪɫԽԽûٸʡ
ҹԪ˯ţԡְʦү򿪡
һΣһ¡
ǰ˵ĺĲؼһޣֻǶһΣͲɵһü
ΪһؼﾹȻֻδᡣ
ѵ©ˣ
ģ¿
ߣΪҪ֮˼ߣĶΪʮŲһΪɡ
¡һһըͬԶ
˲˺ա
Сƣ̵ؿŻͻȻȻһӦ顣
Ԫһ˽קӣ˫Ŀɺ죺
ң㵱޸ҵģ

ۣٶ
׵ʱмɷв߻ħ
Ȼҹ֪ΪΣҲΪ˵죬Ϊֿ𰣬εǰ
˻ʱ
Լ߳Ҵţһȫ̺޲ؿšֱصɽ
ΡʹξҲ侳
Լһȣĵɽ
ˮ絹˽ɫһƬѩףǹһ˪
ΪԼᱻɽȴû뵽ڽ䷢һѵݡϲһѸɲݶȹҹ
ǻֲζƺڱǶˣůɵۡ
һۣɵһ
һŮӵۣһЩ
ǰʯѾ̺һɲݣЩɲƺųƺѾܹһ꣬βµˮѾʯ˯ˡ
СС˵С˧磬һˣϽ˯ۡһĸɲݣҪǲ˯Сȥ
û˵
΢׵֪뵽ʲôۿһ죬ɫȻһ䡣
лҪ˵1-5²⼸˵ķʡһʾ˵ĸǿ˭ҵҾ͸˭ͷ

 33 

ɸ
Զ, һ⽣, ˲նѲ񷡣
ĸۡڣԪ죬˪˲佫䶳ᡣ
ͷԪ쵽Ѫӣɵһ㶣Ԫ⣬ôˣ
֪㵱ΰ޸ģ
Ԫɳƣ, ҳʼᡣ
ĺһ, ˫һ˿飺, ǰؼ˵̤̻ĹǡԵ⡢¶Ǯһ޲ô㻹Ҽʲô
𣿡Ԫƿ޷ǿޡЦЦǲҪһζҩ
һꡭ
Ȼһ, ըٿȻ׹, Ȼһ
ڼµİ, Ԫ۽ɺ죬ɫ䣬ҧʲôꣿô֪
µ㲻ңԪָʦүѾ֪ˡ
ʱһ㶣ΣЦһ
Ϊһһӡ
ǡˡ
Ԫ⻺ɿӣɫƱ˪ᡣ
̾һ, еĻ£ϵľ͹һڣ
ʲôʱֵģ
Ԫڸղš
Цһʦү򡭡ҵһ޸ؼǴϾʹģҿһҳһζҩ±˼֪֮, к޹ˣǾԼĨȥֻû뵽öﾹȻҲд¡
Ͼǲ㣬ʦδ򽻸ҡ
Ԫ⻺̧֣ϵҹɫҲӯӯ
ʱ򣬶ԷֻһſŵСͷͶ·Ǿʦֵɸ
˴ƴٶ꣬һһε½ɸλøרΪɾܾˡ
ʦүĻ
Ƿࡣ
̾һħڵ˴żҪʱǿоҪ޸꣬㲻ֻôӦ
ֻø㣬޸һҪһζҩ޵һƣĻ£ħһȡ˵Ļأ
ǧһʱһŮӵƮǰ
ԪⲻɵսȭͷǺģ
ҡҡͷüĿ壬òһƲлججȴȫúܡ
ԪָһȻĻǣ
˱ۣǡʱħѾɽţɵ˹롣źȫϣҲ鲻Ůӻǵ·Ҳ㲻ǰؼȻɵĻǡ⣬Ǿ͡
Ԫָ⣬ƣ
ĻǣҵĻꡭ
ĺһһͷ޻ԡ
Ԫƿĵ򻺻䡣
̧ۣԪ⣬ɲġ޲ȫһΪѭֻءбӦҲᱨӦϣް
ԪվſڣӰȾ˷˪Ľ
֪ǰҵΪĪʧ
һ㶣ΪΣ
Ԫ΢΢ƫͷȴͬ˵ı˸
ΪһŮʵע
˵ţĨȥǵİ죬ת˷ꡣ
룬Ƭɫ䡣
Ԫ°ƫɣһû壬Ϲˮ
һжˡ
ֻҪеһж˲֪Ǹ˭
ʦá
ǺСһ𳤵ʦá
Ǻ׵ʦãҲӵʦá
𰣬ϲںȾƵ𰡣
һֱŵ𰡣
ֲáֲһֱ
Ϊ걾ġ
ֲһѰʱû׼ȷҳλá
ΪԼѾʶ֮ǰ˶ռǿѰҡ
Ԫ͵͵ЦѪߵشǻ¡
ԪɾڼһӢѣȴû뵽ȿԼ˼ԼһƲлꡣ
ˣΪڲ֪ࣿ
Ϊڲ֪
ƿԱ߻ݵĵӿɵô󾪣
ɾôˣ
Ԫ뽫ƿͻȻɫһ䡣
һ̧ͷͿҹ֮£֮ϣһ϶رգ޵
¶ȫ񣬾Ȼ˽ʱѷ쿪֮գ
֪Ȼѷ쿴һۡ
ʱȻ֪ԼԪ⣬ôܻؿرգ
һҧһѻӿӣʣʢֹ
˲仯һʡ
ƿ˲䣬ѷ֮ǰȻȴˡ
ѷ쳹ǰرգԪͽ͵дȥ𰣡

𰡭
ɽ𰣬ָⲻɵһ
ʵһжˡʹ֪ԼĲ²̫˼ȻеĹĶȴж
ɽϵĺ˵ޱϤȴǡ
ǸݵӣȥɽȫͲ޵ĵطʽӽޡ
οǧС㣬ôߵĹôȥȥժˤͷǰ
ôֻһܣСʱű͵͵ȥɽ
޷˵ԼǿԼѹȥǶʹĻһŲѲӣҵ˿
ǵãڱǵߵǸҹмˢֻʣһСɵĽӡ
ǵãÿԼںҰɱʱܿһģӰ
ǵãڶڵЩϣմһǳǳѪ顣
أǰ
һֱΪĵǹ·µģȴǸɽˣһľûµʵ
һֱΪ֪ߣΪŹȴûע⵽еĲȻ
һֱΪȵľƣǱ˲СôȴҲ͵͵غȾơ
̫࣬δζΪľˣȴûһСĹġ
۽ɺ죬
ôֵŮˣ
ʯ˯㣬ʯϣմˮָ⣬촽
Դ赽ȴһֻطţ㼸Ҫࡣ
˵ûǲԶᷢࣿ
𰡭
СԺش˸Ƿյ˯Ϳ𿿽𰣬ͷ
Сﲻɵõɴ̶ۣסյָ⣬ſһǡ
üĿʹ޵ϡ
ָһ
С͵óסԼ๡
𻺻ͷһۡ
һۣɺ죬ҲľӨ
Сﲻɵôˡ
ţ͵ػع񣬸ϽԼ֤ʲô˵
Ŵ³ޡ
׸ϣתߵſڡ
걻ڶ⣬΢΢ͷ
֪öһºһŻҾͻ
СһݣϽͷ
𱳸ǹ˲ʧڷ
  
ڶһ磬һϵ׾͵ɵһ㶡
Ѿ·ˣʲôʱ򻹻ˣ
һ̧ͷ𲢲ɵվ
СԺۣˣС˧Ͼˡ
ˣ
Сͷ˵һ£ûĻͻ㡣
ƣﰡҲˣҲܾˣδʲôҵġ
̾˿Щ˼̫Ѳ¡
СֹؿλסҪĻ
С˧ֻһºѣʱӦòʲô⡭ɣ


 34 

һ, ʦ㼸ڷðǷ
Сﱳų, ɽķ𽵹ףǿ¡
׿һۣɵһЦʦ㣬ͦʳ
С̶Сۼзס
ϵԵ, ȵ¶, ЩôܽĶӣ
ͷһο, һ㶣С𰣺ʦ, ǲǳɾˣ
ûгɾ, ǿˡ
Ϊ˵Ц, û⡣
˲Ҫ֣հһ㣬ڽ
˵ҵ¡
ңСӷ˰ɣ
ͷ׶һۣѡ͵
˼û裬ѵúءΪӽܺͷԹҺֲ׷ɱ, ԹϼӺޡСѪԣֻһ˳.ǹ͵ǹƥңش˷ҹĵӺ󣬵Ҫ档
ǷʵӽëͷСܼģֻƢҲ, Զ֮ͱƶԷ
ۿҵĵӱɱʣ޼Զ֮ò𵱳ԷԶ֮˵ͷҵĶԹֻҪһս죬ԺپͲҪնݳ
Զ֮˭桢һôܰû뵽һ֣ͳ˿˴սҹңŷֳʤѪԶֱ֮ӻԣ̧ȥ˲Σոȥ
˵Զ֮֮ǰѰһǶԶֵ𾴣ǼɵʵסһѪ
ͷ̲꣬סҡͷ
һ̾ŴÿҪŵ³
̾Ȼôڿһˡ
һͷһζֻ֪Ƿɸֵ룺
ԣ֪ԣ֪֪
"ɱ˷Զ֮ʲô˵ġ
Ͳ³飬˲⡣
⻹ǿǷԶ̲֮סԶܴ֮ܣж
룺ӽ˰ɡ
̾Ҳ֪ʲôʱܵס
СͷЦ
Թ˷ֵһεԺ
˵ʵҲһԺÿʵĲַͬͬ
λڵؽƷ쵽ȥ粶ɱһֻ˽׾ƷĲ.
ѣҲļҲ磬ÿԳô˻ؼҿһˣ˽
һ磬ʦǷֱС̤;
СЩڱԹԣһԺĴţͼҴҵǰ塣
𰲻ɵһЦֻǳžôģ
СɻͷСﵱȻģֻҪһȥﶼġ
ֻԪҲ͸ˡ
СȻϵˣϾҲԪһ꣬էһֱܱʺ˷ܳ嵭˼ʱһЩϰ
СĳĬë
ʱѷ쿪֮գˣһȥ
С˲ָҡҡͷ
Сﻹ𰡣
СԼȥǸʲôʱѷ⣬ôҲزˡ
̾һڻ
С￴˿ɫͻȻ뵽һ£ʣ𰣬һ֮ڣ㲻С˧Ҳ𣿡
Сһ仰˵ͻһ֮ڡ
ҷҵҡ
ȻѾܾʲôԭѾŹš··ˡڵľһʱûɲȥ͡
һҾ飬ɡ
Сͷ𰣬ƺеŪЩơ
Ԫǰֶ֣Ϊʲô˵ʱ򷴶䵭
ĸѶ
뵽ֻֻгԺģ뵽Լݣ̽𰣺
𰣬ԪС˧綼վǰѡ˭
𰲻ɵһ㶡
Ԫվһѡ
Ҳ˵˵жྪ㤣˵µĿҲ΢΢ġ
һЦĸҶѡǶ֮ӣֻǸʯԺǹǵģǹǵģ档
С̲סСʣСʲôѽ
𰹴һ죺ҵСɰ
ϣͻ꣬Сһջ[ʤĤ᪚]
СޱԼë
ͷ봵˯ȴû뵽ͻȻ
ɵһ㶣˭
𡣡
ͳȴ
ҹɫͬεһ硣

·ôҵˣ
ţˮ˲˽
̧һϮ£ƺ⻹Ҫ
Ķǻһˮ˳꣺
ҿԽ𣿡
ЩΪѵſڣ̧ۿ
лҪ˵
ƺжʲôһ
Сӱ̽ͷҹɵЩȡ
ΪԷֻ˵˵û뵽ô׼ʱ
𵽵Ҫ˵ʲô
óĵ̨׼Ϸ
һȲ裬ȻӲ˵
µüۣ촽һֱߡ
Σ΢΢
𰣬ҡ
ꡱ
С￴üСҧһס
ǰĬĬػͷ
С
ͲĳԹ𣿣
ôţϵ߾Ȼ𰣬Сȥ
Сĵ㡣
֪
СӴȥǽһöҶӣСɡߵӱߡ
Ҳ֪죬ܲٿС㡣
ˮС㿴óʱͻȻоһ˲䱻ɱ衣
Сﾪȵ̧ͷһһɫӰͷ֮ϣ˲١
Ԫ⣡
Сˡ
ԪôҲ
ԪüĿܿһȦȻ󿴼Сɫһ䣬͵˲˹
С˷һУԪСˡ
Сʦأ
С
ԭΪġ
ԪλãȴԪ
Էָ΢΢۽Ƿ죬ƽʱȫͬ
СµòĻԪӦǺС˧ͬһԭ
𰣬Ҫ군ˡ
лҪ˵ô࣬

 35 

ԽԽˮڴ, ž
ڰÿ, ƻ˸һ¡
ǰϵľƣǱסһһ
ܹ𣬵ȴԼȫð亹
֪һĬˣ˹Ű˻ҹÿţؿ, ʲôԶ
ֻ뷨̫, һʵڲ, ֻܽӲʣ
Ҫ˵ʲô
Ķ棬ĳͶ°Ӱ
, Ǵ˵, һֱ۾
֪ҹǰ, ҽȥ㣬֪ȥһ·Ѱټҵ
˵ţһ˲ؿüۣҹ˵Ļֲ֪ȥˡ
𰲻ɵЩΡ
ȷʵڶ, ȴû뵽Ǳҵˡ
֮õϷ˪ϢҲŵϵѪζ
ĻźͷԶ֮ովá뱱򲻽ҹϮҪ, ˵ϴˡ
ܸյ򣬾Ϣͣ׷
ɵð̾һ
ղߣϢһ˵ɡ
ҡҡͷһ֮һ죬Ҳʳԡ
ЩָҪҫܷԶ֮ǼµĻǾͲ˵ˡҶ֪ˡ
֪ǹҶûдǴӻͳһ
ط棬Ȼ󻺻ȥ
֪㻹ǲǵá
̵ɫžӨɫľϸۡ
̧ۣͻȻһ㶡
ϵⶫһ͸ǿ鶩塣
֪δʱ˵棬ｻġ
Ȼǰȥ˻ʱһֱɿڣһʱͰˤ˳ȥ
ֱڶǵ𾪵ģѳ壬ͷҲص߳Ҵš
ѾҪˣû뵽һ컹ῴ
ö屻úܺãֻǱֳ룬ܿһѺۡ
ɵ̧ۿ
Ҽǵã͵ҵ˵ĸ
ĸǰ߹ңöҪ͸δӵġȻָ֪Ϊ飬˳͸㡣
˵ţָظǵۣ˻飬ͱһ
ĸ磬ûи¶ٶǹصˡ
Щʱȷʵ̫嶯Բⶼҵġ
ҡҡͷĻ
Ƶֱߣǵһǣ
ҽ㣬ö壬лȥĿ𣿡
һ˲伫µİ
۴컹ڵĳУȫǱ⣬ʲôˡ
͵̧ۣԴˡһ죬ȫ˲䷢顣
Ļˡ
ֲɵӣȻ֮⡣
ҪҪ޾ɺá
벻ͨʲôصģһ˻ĶŮ˰ôŮҪʲô
뵽ʱԼָöޱȹ̣ǸϽ֣Ͻ
ԲҲ
δ䣬һС죬һֻͷ˽С
𰣬ԪҲ
𰣺
žһֱߵĲ豭ˮһء
ŵվоһը׶ϣͷĿѣҪص׵ĳ嶯
Ԫ⣿
ѾȥԸӦǲٻ
ʱʲô
СﻹżغҸղƭϴ裬ϲ˶೤ʱ䣬취
ӦôΪǱԼĻŵˣ΢΢̧ۣ𰡭
ȱ˵͵شָڲӶڻζ
ڸٵ˼һ˶˻ô
һ۾ͲϲҲԺе⡣
ʱ򱻺ֺ֪һҶԷס
һ뵽Ǹץ
òϵͳ
ϵͳɷ
ʵƲ⣬ɨƽҲδ֪ϣ촦Լĸ״ĪҪӰת
żϽСʲô£
СߺأԪû˵ӦЩ
ǼµĻӦһ仰ͺã⣬
һᣬϾͻ
ߣΪҪܣ͵վ
ϵҴӦҲܡֻ˵ĻһʱԽܣҳȥһ𣿡
һֻۣôӦ
ţС·
ʲôʱģ
ڸղţ
˵ʲô
Ԫʲôû˵һ㡣
ᡣ
絽Ҫ˵ʲôƫƫѡӡ
Сǰ涥ŷɣںܣ·һСƹݣᵽ洫ľ㣬ɵð̾
ʲôҪȻҹ˯ºȾˡ
ڣܵűߣúԶͼһɫӰ
Ͻһѳ޳Ӱͦεһ
һ
硣
Ԫ⻺ͷһӣ޷Զ˲ǰ
û˵ʲôͷԶһϮš
ĲɵһѣһɵôһУԼɵɵ˰ꣿ
Ԫһ۲ؿλؽӵ˻
Сȫëվɵóס̶Сۡ
ǾԼַ̫ۣԶˡ
еϵ⣬ָеҵɵһ㶡
硭ôˣ
ԪʾһֱǶء֮ܵӡ
ħϮǧָ治ɫ
пԱ˵ʹԼĻ飬ҲδĸйκԹԣĬĬʦš
ЩӲļ磺
ǲʲôίʲô©
Ԫʣ
ʦãÿ𣿡
һ㶣֪Ϊ⣬˳ĵػش
ġ˶٣ܿġ
磬ɸĿСʦãҲʹѪ𣬸ûѹԼһ
вáҵľƣɰͬţƽ͵ĸĸ
ֻϧһԡȡֵŮ
Ҫǡ
СҺ㡣
ֻϧСڲ⣬Ҫˣܻܿӯ
Ԫĺһ۾
Σ
𰣺
ɶ
ɶ⣿

ʶؽУ㲻ˣ㲻ˣ
Ԫ⿴ԼеĳâI£ʢ
أһֱϸ£Ҳ֪ҲеĴܲ˵Ķ
һӣһֱ档
ԼĶ͸޵ɻʲô壿
ĪֲõԤУʶһ
磬㵽ʲô˼
Ԫ⿴ָһ籧޽ϵˮ顣
𰣬ҴСһ𳤴Ӧס
һν𰡣
ֻǸСʦá
һ𰡱Ůˡ
ɫ䣬ʶؾͲܣ
磬ںҡ˵Ц𣿡
Ԫ⿴ҡһͷûС֪ҴӲ˵Ц
ѵһڿˮ
ֲеĸоΪǰһжΡ
ʲôĩΪʲôһܹҪ˵Ļ
ǿЦǾԼΡ
ԪεؿһԲʦ֣ʵ䲻ϡ
δ䣬СײײطɵűߣǶԪֺһЦ
𰲻С˧Ȳ㣬ΪʲôҪ
𰣺
Ҫ
ϽԪʦ֣ջǾ仰ɡ㻹ǻȥɾɡ
ԪҡͷѴѾûԪɾˡ
𰼱ðۿСߴ٣ҧһҰʱ䣬һٸ𸴡
Ԫ⿴á
һֳС
Сǰɣʣ𰣬ҪԪʲô𸴰
ȻǾܾôﵱһӰ
С˧أ
Ųɵһ٣ЦһҲһƢֻܾȰˡ
˵ţɵð̾
Һϵͳѳ֮ˣҪҾֱɱˡ
䣬ŵһɾζ
һ̧ͷԶһɫӰϣһž̳ͷһھơ
ƺ΢΢һ
΢΢عͷ˶һۡ
˲䣬ؼ䶼ֹˡ
СʱļϵȥСϸૣ𰣬˭˧
ૣ
桢֮
˵꣬ݺݵشԼһ¡


 36 

û֮ٶȳǰ, ϾϵͳѾ߹ڳ֮Ǹʱ, ѷѾϣôôģ
۾Լۡ
ȻǰĲǻþġ
֮һۣпı, ֻܿȻһ, ŷеľ̳, 
ưУ޳, ͬƿĻһֵ, ŷ˪
ǰˢ, ããƺǰ˴һָ˲ʱͣͣеζ˿С
˲ʧ
֮ߵǰǰΣ΢΢һЦ
, þò
üĿһ⣬ǺЦͬþòЩĺѡֻ˫ڴƺ
һ£תߡ
ԷԼ
ô뿴ң
ĽŲһ٣̾һ, Сʹ˸ȰԼסŻͷ
ôˣ
֮һˮʣ
͸ǿأ
óݸ㡣
֮ǿϣüһ˲
һָ̧⣬ĺʱâʢһ˲ȫͱޱů
ȻǸģš
ҲҪĶ
˵ţ˹ȥ
ֽ̧֮סԼĵӣƺε̾һ
𰻹ǵһηֱ¡
˵Էܹʱ⵹ôͻߡ
֪ҪǾԲܵģʱټЩŤͽ䱸˵ʲôʱԼͻȻ°ߡ
ʲô£
֮еؽ䱸˺һһ̳ƣǰ˻Σ
ȾܾܲҰɡ
Ǹ⻨ơ
۾ЩֱǵԼڡʱ١УԲܵʱ䣬ӲһڿˮŲӵ
ҲȣҲʲôֱ˵ɡ
֮Щ¾̳𰣬Һѵһƽ͵̸𣿡
߰ĳ֮йʾʱ
һΣǰȥ˻ļ̣Сؿ
𰲻ɵһȻԼղŵ̫Ӳ
һعͺͳ֮˾ƹ
һ¶ǣĴԿʼƾˡ
֪֮㻹ǲǵõǸСƹݣҵʱһѧ˵ӣû뵽ھƹ￴㡣
𰿴űеĸ⻨ƣɵášһ
֮һЦҵʱ룬˭ҵĹô󵨣ҹ˯͵Ⱦƣû뵽һȻҵδޡ
Ҳû뵽ô㶼ߣƤ־ƺȡ
֮һڶκһȾƣҴ׹һ졣ҹߣȥɢģû뵽㡣
ָһԼľƱ˵
һԼϾҪ࣬ԼҹһȥȾƣû뵽Է
Ϳͳֱ֮ѵЩдǾĬ˶ԷһȾơ
ڻõĳ
뵽ǰЩ
졭
˵һ룬־ûʲô˵ġû֮߳ԼͲϲ׹⣬ҲûȾֻΪ뿪Ǹ硭
Խϸ룬ԽԼǸ쵰ˡ
֮еľƣ㶼֪жôл־ƣҿ²֪ꡣ
˵ţתͷؿ
һˮһ
Ҫҡҡǲߵģ
֮ۿĽ䱸ЦһҲߵġߵġ
𰣺
ҲڲӦӦҸطϵĳ޵Լ
ҪȻֱһɣͲ˵ĸˡ
Ӳؿ֮ԼղĻ
˵Ҫ
˵ҪԼߣ
Դв𣿻Ǹʶɱ񡢷ɱĳ֮
Ǳ˴˰ɣ
۽һ飺ôҲҪ
Ҳ
ۣ֮еһü
:
Ͻתƻ⣺ԣ㻹ôŲҪˣ
֮ͷһЦΪ㻹Ȳһ𣿡
ʱһ㶡
֪šڳ֮塣
һΪ˸ҲΪš
ֻʣһˣϣҲ֧š
ôҪҲԷ
һᣬ˵ԶСббطɹüŪۣ
𰣬СﵲסС˧Ҫ
𰣺
ŵþ̳Ӳˣͷ֮򾲵˵
ܷҰʱ䣿ҡһ͸𸴡
֮۾ֱ顣
ҴӦ㡣
͵һСܣһ΢΢ͷ
֮վھƹ£°ڱ紵ûЦݣֻǶؿ
𰰵̽һܵһͿվڽֽǣ΢΢ͷ
ƺ͵̧ͷ
һ˲䣬ȼʹúԶҲ
һᣬ߹ȥҲ𣿡
︽ɽޡ
𰰵̾һȥɡ
ֻصջϵľζɵһ٣Ⱦˣ
ΪԼĻķɵһȭ
һ㡣
˵꣬³һϵСĵƻȥ
Ҳա
̧ۣҼȻѾˤ飬ҾͲӵһʺˣǸ˲ҡ
ָϣֹסƾܣָһһ
͵ջ֣𻺻ָ⣬ϵ壬
㣬ûбˡ
ЦʲôáĻ飬㣬
㻹ȹҡ
һ㶣ʲô
һ۲ؿ
ұץߵʱȥɽÿոңҲÿζҳ伢Ĺӡ
ұ˻ĵ˸ɲݡ
ȥ·ϣһơ
쿴ܳʱ䶼ز
ֻһͷǷˡ
괩磬ſǰһӲĳȻ֪ΪƵ֮ӣȴǴСͿʼܿࡣ
֪ǵߣҲ֪ΣգȻôССһɽϣ϶úܼѡ
Ǿ͵͵ظȥëѪԽԽһֻҰޡ
ȻڼԼһȱð̵ˣûһôĶ⡣
ǾܵأӰ£˼ӡ
ֻǼӶѣƣӵôɣ֡
û뵽ôǼǵǼöӣҲ³ӹӵ
ɽĵݡ
ϵͳѾҪԸı顣
ȻŵϱԼмʵǹԼһأǿһȳһվǿţȥǣһƥ֮ǰϵɽһЩɲݡ
ΪԼ޷죬ûһ챻֡
˱ۣһЦҴˣеø£
㣬ͲĬôʱ䡣
ƿԡ
ڵ΢΢
Ĳںڰ΢΢ü˫ҹɫҲڲľ
˫΢΢˺þãĶϼ˺Ҳ΢ƣ
ûǰԤ⵽Щͼı𣿡
ǵĻЩҪЮˡ
ǿһЦ㿴ڲϵˣڶ
𰡣Ļ
üĿǱᣬɤ΢ƣ
Ѿ˵һֱֻԼڻһģҪҪȥ
˲һ
лҪ˵˫еۣԼŸ٣ֻһ
лл⣬ôôա

 37 

ִŵĿ, ĺʼ
ĸ̫, ܲ
𰴹ӣЦһԲҡ
ִֵؿĳԣ𰣬ĻҿԵȡ
ָһ
һдѵʱ, ҿһֱȡȵת⡣
𰲻ɵһ̾, ֪, ˵ǹŰ壬Ҳִ֡
һ׼˵, һƥ
ʱܾҲ, ֻõȻȥ, һº𣿡
𻺻վҵĻ˵ˣЩϢ
ʱһã㡢ҲЩϢ
վſڣ⡣
һᣬСӴ̽ͷ, 㵽
عСȻϽӴСĵȥ
ʱ΢ЪʱƹСƹ, ѵܵͷ
űߣԪҲ֪վ˶ãѾһ˪غһ
磡
Ԫعͷܵ
ļ
𰰵аȫİΣϵˣ
Ĩ˰Ѻ˺һ
磬һ𸴡
Ԫ΢΢̧ۣϸ궼ʱٻ
ɫҲܴӦ㡣
Ԫͫͬˮ𵴣ôһ̣Ǳһ͡
Ƭ̣ƽɤ΢ƣ
ΪΣ
ΪΣ
ҲԼ⡣
˵һ鲹ߣôԪôõ׷ߣζЦѡ
˻֮ǰһһ¶Ϳ־塣Ԫĵһƹ⣬֪̽硣
˵ȫûжǲܵģ¶ĸ飬ҲڶδĿ־ոһյرĥõȻ
Ԫǰôľ޷ʹԼǡ
Ҳ޷øвԪԹȥźΪֻԼһӡ
ӾԼء
ֻöԹϱӣȻǵǵƵԼСڻңɡ¾á
ӣЦһ
ȫڸ飬ֻ밲;Ⱦơ̫˷ˣ˵ʧ⣬˱òԼ
Ԫ⿴ϹŵһˮȻᡣ
֪ΪΣʱȴ뵽Լһ˵Ļ˵Բ鰮ҲԲβƸ顣
û뵽ֻǶ̶̼£֮·ǧ֮һľ췭ظı仯
ڳϣݽȥˣҲ԰Ρ
̧ۿ磬ֻһʱ嶯Щȥɣ㻹ţôͬţҪ˷ʱˡ
Ԫĺһ̧֣
ʦãǷң
ҡͷͱָۣüһ㣬ǳʲôܵζʱһ
̧ۣǰһ
оǰһ磬ʲô
ۡ
ۣͿһģģӰվԪߣɵһ
ҵꡣ
Ԫ
źԪһģһΡһģһ
ֻǡ۾ǿնġġ
ʹҲֿԼеᲨ껹Ҫ
Ǳһ£ɵúһ
ҵһꡣҵһȥʶҪռҶѰ
˵ţߵߣһǵӰ
𰣬Ļƭˡƭˣ겻ᡣ
ĺһûԪΪˡҪ궼˳
ۿ
ѵҵˡ
ûҲ֪Ϊ˶١
𰲻ɵһ㶡
Ԫߵǰ˻Ĺ㣬ǰ
΢Ĺ˵ӣ
֪ΪһֱΪԭ㡣
ͫ𶯣͵ؿ
Ԫĺɳƣ
ϸ£Ҳԣ֪Լ޲ҵꡭ
𰿴Ԫؾɵ㱡
ڵһ磬ֹƽҲ֮ڣΪԼ뵽ϵͳͻȻԪ⡣
޲ʱ򣬱һŮΪ׼ǾԭŮ
ֻһӲ֪ô£Ϊ˵̫רעӲŮɫԭŮȫûкºı
һΣ޲ΪŮٶðյľת۵㣬Ϸû˲˵޲ɲˡ
Ʈϣħڵ˴ѹŵ˹룬Ԫ԰׵룬
ҵİɡ
Ҳŷ֣ԼǵһδԽϵͳûдﵽںϣȻһꡣ
ȻһҲ𰣬ûļ뾭ֻһ൱ڲлӰ
ǸԪ⣬ҲûʲôӰ졣
ϵͳһֳ͸Ԫ⡣
ϵͳȷ
һͷ
һʹ󣬰ɫӰججƮȥ
Ԫڳɹ޲꣬һͶһ硣
ȻѾ˼ӣԪһʱЩ㱡
Ԫذѹϣָⲻɵһҧ
Ҳ֪˵
Ԫָ⣬𰣬˵겻ƭˡ޷һС
ۿ
СĵԪ꣬оǰһǽⲻĽᣬɵʵص
һжϱӽ𣿡
ԪĺһҵһӻܳԶˡֻҪҵ껹ڣҾԶ㡣
𰽫껹ҧ
һϵʱ˼
Ԫ˱ۣ̲סǡ
վ
ңһȥö
ԪҪ˲ƣֹסˣ̾һ
磬ԼȥɡԴ̫ңһһ
Ԫֻõͷ
ڵƹݡ
֮ž̳վſڣָ⻹µˮ
ʱǰһ΢һǡ
һᣬԼһ˵һǰ
㻹ǻȥɡûʲôá㻹δʱѷܿͻߵġ
̳֮ߣĬһ£
Ϊģ
۾͵󣬲ɵûͷ
µĵƹ⣬ǿɫü۴еĳ׵ӿ
ŷ֣˺ܶ࣬ɫ԰˲١
ϵͳҼһ³֮ȼ
ϵͳС֮ңɼ⡣
һ㶣ٿǵĿЦ͵뵽ʲôһ١
֮һھƣɵõͿ
⼸ؽңĴѼ㸸׵Ƭֱ죬ſռϡ
˵ţ̧ۣȻҷҲ޷ͨʱѷ졣Ҫʱѷ죬ͱﵽס
Ԥеʲôоѣ
ԣ͡طʱ˵ȼ
֮һصһͷ


 38 

ؿų֮, þö˵
ϹҲɵð̾һ
Сƴˡ
֮Цһ, ŵ
ģԼʵֻʱģҲʱġĵףҾͿһֱ㡣
ӣſڴһ飬û˵
֮Ϊ, Ǵóһ, ˲Сƹڱһ, ڻþһۡǰ
һ£ϳҵĸۡ
֮Ķߵ͵
һһµʱؽ, ȻĴѼҵĲл, Ѿ
˵ˡ, סṆ̀һ
Ҳֵ
ֵֵÿɲ˵㡣
֮΢΢һЦü仹⣬еȴӳȡ
𰿴ĲȻʧ߶ˡ
˺þ, Ǻãһȥö
֮͵ػͷƺʶ֮⣬˫
𰻺վ ңϻ
֮һͷ
𰿴һ, ȻС
ƹƹݣȴûлصջҲûȥͷֺȥ
Сļϣ·߲ԸϽʣ
𰣬Ҫȥİ
ҧгݣȥ

꽥Ъջڷĵð
𽫳.ǹϣűǹ
Ϊ˽죬һѳ.ǹ֪Ⱦ϶˵ѪҲ֪߶˵
ǲۣʹʵǿҲ已̥һµķս״ܣߡ
Ȼÿҹɫ޾ҹգ뵽
Ĭţ
ǿҪټһ档
ΥԼ
Ȼ󣬾һֱֵڡ
վڴǰڴ̨ϸ꣬ӻͳǿ塣
һΣһóǰɰ⻹һκֱʱµġ
ͺɰһüۡ
һιûдõ϶ĻظΪ֪Ů˵Ըжôìܡ
˵ԭ£Ǿǲ⡣
˵ѾڣֻΥ֮
ﳹֻԼ֮ǰ
뵽СĵطϨͻȻоԾ
ΪͻȻӦϢ
ղܳȥΪҪ侲һ£ǿ⣬ǼȻǵĻѾ̸꣬ΪͻȻ˳ȥ
֪뵽ʲôһóǰɰ
ɰԵ𰾡ѡƽ
ղԼ̸ʱ䣬಻ٰյʱ
ɲǣɰ˭
𻺻ۡ

ԪվͷˮϵĲƣ΢΢ʧ˻
֪Լ˴֮кͻأϾǰ¶նϷһ
Ҳû뵽֪࡭
뵽һ治ɫԪɾѵÿЦһ
ɸ߳ԺҲնɸ
Լһ׳ţһȥ͵ǸаմȾ
ֻû뵽ԼչصʱɸħڸֹƽͶħڡ
صʱֻû㱣޾ķŭ
ֹƽ͵Ϯʱ򣬺ԥɱû뵽𰱻˹ֹƽʬ屯ߵؿһۡ
Ժ͸ġ
ħڣɽһˡ
ҲûлصɸҲҲûϢ
ΪûԼҲúܺãʹҲһǣ˭׼š
ֱһ죬Ѷ
˶ΪǮδ޵Ѷ⣬Ϊϲ
ϾйһԵԵôԺ֮·ǣ
˶֪ɽꡣ
ʶѡóѪУֱɽʬҰûҵʬǡ
ʱֿ֪յĸоʲôֻԼⱲԵѾӴԺͰʹѹĵס
û뵽ȥѾΪӱܸ˴ۡ
Ԫⴹ³ޣˮ۽ǡ
һܹ𰣬ô۸ٴ۶֮¡
뵽΢΢һ̧֣ۼɰɰ
ɰϴ£۵ȾһЦ⡣
ֻЦ⻹δȫɢ˺ĺɰɵһ㶡
þöûлղ֮շתʲôˡ
ɰǲǻһţ

ƹڣ֮Լϵӷ
һ̾
ôһֻͨΪ˿һֵۣ𣿡
֮һھƣ
ôֵáֻǶݵرɶѣڿ϶ģǾֵõġ
˵ţָ⹴ž̳һУ
ڲ֪Լǰ嶯ռƬʱĥԼӣڻܺƽ͵˵
ܳɳҲáټ治Ҫˣ
֮ҡһͷǰޣ
ѾţʱֻûҾͻк壿
˵ţIǰƣֻϧҪһʱ䣬еĲϾͻһõ塣
ͷô꣬Ҳʱ䡣ֻҪҪСģֻһʱǵĪѷȥ
֮ͷ
ֻһʱѡ
һЦСӿŵ㣬Ѿͷ˵Щͷö
֮һͣЦá
վ˰εȴӰǰ
֮Щꡣ
šһüѵˣǱʲôס˽ţ
ԽԽԽֱ촽ʼղżͻȻʧǰ̽·ߡ
֮ɵð̾Сǰ
һЦǰСңһŵʱ򻨴йƬҶմû뵽ֻǶһľͻͷԡ
֮Һͷȡ
조һڲͷӣǰҹʱô˵ˣ
˵˵ţһҲΪܱȵңҵһĸŮĻʱ㻹Ķأ
ôһң֮ķһЩЦã
һĸϻɣ
СӾû˰ɣӻ˲ƣĸסϺֻҪһ˺һС裬Ҹڳȥ͵һȦȫ㶨
ǱȲ
˵һ룬֮ƤͻȻһ
عͷϵľ̳Ĭ
ղؼţ
Сɽܣϵͳ
Ĺܲһյʱͻ׷
ŭ𣺡ѵ𣿡
СﱾرĲӣĻһ𰣬ôˣ
ͣ½Ų̾Сﱧڻû£͵ҷɡ
ȷʵˡ
һϣǴҲס
һƨڵϣ̾
Ҳ˰ɣͿҪﵽˣûҶһ
;飬㡣
ΣֱӰϵıӳһ㣬±ӻһú
˵ţҪѱԼĲס
ɸСһϽ쳶סӣ𰣡ʲôίС˵ǧ벻
ϵͳ
侲
ϵͳѵöһ£
ڴ˴̫ظţѶȼӴ󡣱ϵͳɸӦԤܡ
𰣺
͡ɱ롰ʱ֮ɱʲô𣿣
ϵͳԤߡ
棬߶ʮﴦ
棬ϷʮﴦԪ
棬Ϸʮﴦ֮
𰣺
ɴһɣɱҰɡҪȻǵı㣬ãҲǸˣôͲУ
ߵͬ
Ρ
񣬱ϵͳ֤񣬾ͻʵһԸ


ɽ

һ͵վ
ôĸ˶˦ˣ
ôţԶһӣСȥסԪ⣬ȥ
С᣺СѾˡ
ΣݺݵСһڣԲСҳŹһΣҾʹؼңú㡣
Сﰦ̾Ԫȥ
ܵòãͿӰС
ʱѾ峿δѾ
ͬһֻǣлΡ
ղ׼һӵĻһۣ˵ˡ
ߵǰϸϸؿһۣٿˣҲ֪һң΢΢˱ۡ
ҲûΪͻȻֱܵӵ
һȥɡ
סӣ̧ۿ
Ҳܸߡ
šһüֱ촽üȾһ˪
ݵһЦ
Ӧ֪ϲǿȻǳô࡭ҪǸˣҵ׿¶졣
ɵһƺ˼⡣
ŵڻģͷѾȥˣԺԽԽ㣬ҲԽԽ鷳ţڲðաǡڴﵽ
ĺһ΢ƣ
ҲͬĽǿŮӣһﵽ
һܴﵽǾ֮ʱʱһ磬Щ˾Ͳˡ
ؿһۣ
𰣬֪ΪѣЩֻ˵һ
˵ţǰġ
һ
һۣתããİС
ȴ޶ٻϲ
Сĵؽ̾˿

ߣԪʶɨ𰣬СʹС
ת˰ڸоֻʱ䣬ɵס
𰣡
һԶͻȻҲһ
𰣡
Է˭ôҲ𰣿
Ԫüͷһ壬͵˲ƹȥ
˲䣬һһС
Ԫ⣺
֮
Īأ˳Ĭضӡ


 39

Ԫ⿴ų֮, ǰ֮˴һϮ, ˫ü۷͸һḡ
֮Ԫ⣬˴һϮ£ճü, ͸һɹŰ
˳Ĭ, ƲԾضԿ, ΧҶ𶯣ԶĲܵѹӰ, ԰һֻʶӡ
Ԫʣ𰣿
֮ЦҲ𰣿ʲôˣ
Ԫʣֺʲôϵ
֮ҧ, ִУ
Ĵ·˵, ǰ˵ʲôȴ˵
ôţۣδ
Ԫ⣡֮
ŵ˶ʱһ㶣عͷȥϣ˰֡
𰣿֮, ɵۣȥˣ
ԪҲ΢һ
С￴ɵͬؿһۡ
ӣҸղšҪ죬ʱ뿪һ¡
ֻƭ˳֮Ԫ⣬ղšȥġֵע, ǰ˵˭⡣
֮ĳһ壺
Ȼˣ˵˵˭ɡûĻҲ֡
ԪҲӣĬؿ𰡣
𰣺
ڰѱóü
ҪȻһͷײСϰɡ
ԽԽĿ⣬ͷϿʼð亹ʼӡ
Ҫʲô˵˵ʦ֣
ǳ֮֮ǰѾӽܣ˵ѾϾˣ֪ñȫ
˵Ԫڱʦֱ֣ͬںŪ
˵֮ѣ
˵Ԫⲻţ˵Ŷ
˽˫ۣһҧߵߣ
⡢δ򡭡
Ҹ硭
һƬĬҶǰ䡣
˶һۣԲԼͬ뵽
ԭֳ
ʱܵһɣ˳˲٣ɽһ·ӯһ
СóԼظһƨ̱ȥ
Ԫͳ֮𰣬⻹һڱǰԼɵЩο
ɫ˲٣͵͵һֻۣǡˣ
ϵͳʱ˿Ҳò̾һ䣺
ţ
һأӦȶӶˣվֱ
ҲãҲϹܡ͸һвУ
û˵Ƕ˭˵˽΢΢ͷ
ǿһЦһΣ󱳵ĺ·ʪ͸ˡ
ȶһ̱ȥ˽ԲԼ֣ͬסһֻ첲
𰣺
˵ڿжһۣȻ΢΢һ٣ԼͬȻԼδ򣬵׻û𰣬ֳǰˡˡʵЩס
Ƕ˲ɿ֡
һ룬û֧ţžһڵء

𰣡
𰣡
һҪ
Լβ͹ǣҡͷ̾ⶼɻȻӿ˵֣ҡҡλεվ
û¡
˽˺һֵغ𰱣׵ľ롣
Ԫ΢ųҲ֪ʦһļǺĸǷȰڼǷƣֳǷ񡭡ˣȻ΢΢꣬ʦһֳ
ȻҪʦߣȻ
֮Ҳֱͦ壬״ϱӶôֵ¡ȻҲѪԭ򣬵װлϥµһ⣬ƺпɡ
ǰȻϵĹŰȤ֮ˣϻп͡
ղʱûбֲðɣ
𰿴˳Ĭоÿһ붼ľս˵ʲô˵ĻȳסԪӣԳ֮
֮ţȥ˵һỰ
֮֮ҵƮƮ𰿴Լĳμӡ󲻺ãΪԼ˵û
æصͷȥɡ
ԪߵǱߡֳֻʣСͳ֮
֮ǰһֱ͵Լֻ°͡
ûۻĻֻղſǸ˰죬ܺؽʱʱؿԼʵǲһ
֮ϴޣȻСκһ֣Цһ£
С˵Ļ
СװŤͷȥ
Ǿˡ

ҲƵ񣬻˵һ仰ɻ˵
С￴˧Ҳᱩ¶ԼܣǼװɵ
֮һЦҲǻˡ
С
һȥȥˡ
ߣԪ⣬¸֣Ȼ뵽ղŰѶԷµ飬صͷ
Ԫ⿴ԲԲͷ𱸵Ļ˵ˡ
ֻ̾һ
ʦãΪѣֱ˵ƭң͵͵ߣɲǾ֮Ϊ
Ʋ죺ֲǾӣһֱСˡ
ԪüϽĿڣҴˣ̫嶯ˡ磬´βˣѣҡ
䣬ͻȻһ죬һӦȻ֮죿
ԪͺȣС
С죬޹צӻȦȦ
𰣺
ϷŪһ
ԪһҲ㡣
ʹٴԹ뵽Ǿ䡰δҲȫɢˡ
ѵáðʧָժ޽ΪʱϵҶ
ոǸ֮磿ôδ𣿡
𰲻ɫսȭͷһͷǣĸաСΡҲͻȻ
Ԫһͷһǡ
𣿡Ц
ͻȻ뵽ʲôٶУ磬ڸĸȫҲޱȵ簮ҡ˹ͷӽܵĻ飬Ҳҿý١һøĸܲסԺܲܡԼ£
Сĵؿ
Ԫһ£
ڻûȫ㣬ΪѡδѾҺˡ
ԼԼһơ
㶨Ԫ⣬һ֮ȰԪ֧ǵ
磬ڻòôԴҵľ𡭡ֻǱϾһһ죬ԺҵܲҵϳȥɽܰҰѿջû𣿡
Ԫͷ
ԪһһƮߺ͵һ
Сգ̶Сۿ𰣬˧ĸ𣿡
Դǣôǣﲻˣ
С
ﶼ
СϽܻ֡
У֮ӳȥö飬ϳ
ɫ°΢
һ£֮
֮ͷ΢ǣ
ô֮ˣ
𰰵һۣǰղźͺ˵ʲôˣ
磿֮ƺЩΣյۡ
ǸʲôԪĸ磬һ硱ҲΪ
ߵûʲôĸһǸкܡ
𰣺л佱
֮ӻĻôԪ
סӣְѸղ˵˵һ飬ֵҸԸЩŰ壬Ҳ֪˹Ļ飬϶ʵغͱйϵԡܲܲҪĻ£
֮΢΢һ٣ϣӰ̾
ôҲ˵ǡ˵ˣܱɡڡ𣿡
򴽲
ֹ֮ǣüëȥⶺЦ
ȥľ͹ȥˣͶ̥ˣҲ൱ػȥĲȫǰɣҺ¿ʼ𣿡
˵֮͵
֪һʱỹ޷ҡϴ֮ǰ˵ҲǿһֻҪԶԶͺá
𰿴ų֮ӣԪո˵Ļ壬ɵң΢΢̾һ
֮밲οͻȻüͷһ壬
𰿴ǵѪ˿ɵһ
֮˰֣û¡
һŷɵ°£¶һѪۡ
üͷһ壬һۣ¶е㱻Ѫ͸ˣɵô󾪡
ôһ£
֮˵вֻÿЦ
Ϊǿгǵѷһ˶𣿡
͵ؾͺۿ
İŮǰûĸ˻ϲʹۣ͹һüҧ
û£㲻ʲôܿͺá
Ҹɡ
֮ΪԼȻѵۡ
磺Сӣʤ
֮һȻĬ
ͲǸϸĵӣǰչ˻Եĳ֮ʱ򣬾ͲӲѡ
СģҲⲻƺ߼
֮꣬İˡ
۳һӵĺ·ϣһƫͷ˲ɵöӡ
ʱҶٶȶ
ֱ֮촽ߴĿ⻺ơ
Ĵһ͵һˡ
˽ԲڵƫĿ⡣
֮΢죬ءһ
㲻ôķӦȻ뱧㣬ûҲһָͷû˿߸ʲô
δ䣬뵽ʲôԼͬתͷ
һֻ߲ʵóס̶Сۣ˷ּܶ͵
С
лҪ˵ôһʾǾƫ

 40 

, ּ, Ҳȥ˲١
СվϣĻ¸
ѸС׼˺üʳ˳СԵýζ̽ʣ
С㣬Ҳʶ˰ɡ
С³һƤ, Ӧһ
, ЦЦҶòã
С˵ͷСܺá
˵, Щᣬǰ׷, ȥ, ²һ֡
С׾Ͳ³˼, ϣСʣǲССܲܰ㱣ܣ
һ㶣΢ͷ
С̾һסС˵
СԶվһߡ
жӯ޲ðСͺ
Сת
øС, Ǹ֮ô°
ͷ˿ԭشĳ֮ɵӡ
ϵͳǾԲ˵ģҲܱ¶һоֻһɡ
͵̫ɡ
̾һ
Сͬա
𰵽ѡһأ
𰿴ŵϻеϣ˺ߣ
ĸѡ, Ƕȥ
֮ϣǻʹ˺ܶࡣ
һǿطʵȻһʱ䣬ٻһ㷴ɡ
Ҳ֪Լʹ࣬׻á
һɫԶֹֻ֪˵ʲôǻһ
𰣡
عͷҸʲô
֮˸ûҾͲܽˣ
յ߹ȥᵽϻдѪζ̾;ȥǸ¡
һʱҲסһӰ
ҪȻͳ֮ú
ôţڳ֮ǰߺص
֮м㡣
֮ѵÿô࣬Ȥʲô£ܻܲȥҿɲӦ
𰣺ǡӣȹҶ
ʵûҪǷһŮˮܾͲֹһ
δ䣬ϵͳ
ԪڶϷʮﴦ֮󼴽֡
һ㶣ǰһԪͳǰ͵һ
Ԫ⽫ݸ
ֹʲô
ͷƤըˣôʱҪ˵ǸϽһЦûʲô
֮ͷվ˳ֽӹİ
˵ɣҪȥģ
ع񣬵ҪȥɽùңظҰɡ
֮һҺòһΣôô׻ȥҲ˵Ҳǿ㡭
ͷƤһըϽúúã£
֮⡣
Ԫ
Ѿ֮ϡһֻܼһźն˷ѡʦ
ͷƤһ飬Ͻ󺰣
úúãҲ£
Ԫοס
𰿴˶ֱؿԼɵᡣ
ɻ

ΪףԪƥһƥһƥֻ̤֮ޡ
˼ǰС
˷ֱһһң˽֮ӣһ·ϲ֪˶ߣȴڻ¯ʱ̱񾭣˵ʲô˵Ļ
𰡣
У
͵תͷ֪һͷ̫ͻȻ
Ԫ˵üͷһ壬һס֮һ־קס
ʱһͣͣסˡ
֮һ£ĪؾǰһĻЩϤ
Ԫͳ֮һۣԾбǰ̫ӽǲԼͬѡ񳷻֡
УغȰҷٷ𣿡
һΣͲҪˣ
˶һ£ЩڵؿһȻ𰻺
Сͷ
ԼѵⶼǱӦ
ֻⶼԼٶĿҲȥתͷǿһЦ
磬ʲô£
Ԫ˿Ϣһ£ǰ·Զż
оڿڸϽͷúúãϢ
ҵһ̯ͣ¡
ɽԶҲⲻ˵ɽϵ顣
ڻججҲֻ̫ǿ˵ĲɽһֻĴׯ
𰰵Ӧþֻ˽׵Ĳˡ
ǲɽЩ˵ˣֻµĻ⡣
Цɽʲô˵ģ˵Ҳǲֻǿ֪Сӣ
𣿡
һ֣۽һ顣
Ȼ𰵹ĳ֮мһЦݲԪ΢΢ۡ
֮һ֣һʱ˫Դɵĥĥ
ԪҲ뵽ľ𣬳ɫ
ϽҡҺȱˣҲˣǸϽ߰ɡ
֮סôżʲôаյ˷ѡ
ԪϢ߲١
С֡
޿סͷ֪Щ˼ʹڣ־ʼˮȡ
Ǳߵ˿ɲܲܣŵ
ԴܷԶ֮󣬾ͳΪĴܡ˲֪˲ֻǲ֪ӷׯΪͻȻûӰ
ǻò£ڵװƷЩס϶û׳֮ǰɱСӼʹ˫ȭѵ֣οôɡҹ׼Ͷĸˡ
һűôܻͶšҲҪװɡ
ٳ׾ˣ½궼ûһһеֵСʲô
֮Ԫ֣΢΢ӡ
ֻһ֮ңȻ˵ʲôԼ˵Ѿǳˡ
˵ʲôǸСӸϡ
ôţ˽ؿһۡ
𰣺
ԲʲôôͻȻͶ־ˣ
˵Ǽǵ⼸󲻾þͶˣôͳ֮Ҳûӡ
ѵʲô֪ľ鷢ˣ
ϵͳ
Ҫﵽڳ˵졣˵ֻŬ⣬ǻԵǴȱԵԵɣҲϣܰæ̽Ѱ
𰣺
ÿ˵ϻߵ֮⻹ܸʲô
˲裬ʱ䣬ϳ
ʵɺ˲ƻ֮߳ɹȥҲУ׻ᱩ¶һ˵һ١
Ȼֻһͨ𰻹ضԴ
Ͼʱ䲻ˡ
ɽﲻ֮ǰ𰿴һСéݡ
ϵһ죬оȫҪɢ˼ܣéݣʱǿСͳ˹ȥ
֮һЦԪҲ΢۽ǡ
˶һֶۣĬĬתͷ
ʹ֪Էĸ磬Īؾò˳ۡ
˲Լͬš
éݲҲɾӴ͸Ƶĵƹ⣬ϴȥһƣ
ţΣһʣ˭
ţǹ·ģҪһޡ
Ŵţһȳһյ߹Ȼ𰡣
ϵƵء
δ䣬֮Ԫˣ´һ𰣬ɡ
ʱһ
֮Ԫȴûнȥ
Ԫ̫СһϢɡͺá
֮Ҳӻû䵽һסúϢٳ
ΣֻŽš
Ÿ𰵹˱裬ҽճ£Ȼʣ
ʲôˣ
һڲ裬ھԼ˹ˣ
һʦ֣һѡ
ۣЦһ
˰ɣ㻹ӣһ֪ļ򡣡
ۡ
С㱻һϽɵͷض˶ë
˺üĨǿʵôǣΪô˵
ЦһղվſڣҾ;Сӿ񲻶Ծˡ㻹ƭң
𰣺
޿ס
һŶܿ˵ĲԾð
Ӽͨ죬ǿģ
㵹Ҳ˺ߡһôʲôûڹѾӣǵ˱Եζ࣡
𰣺ʧ
˵ţˣͷ۵̾
ô֪ôѡˣؿ
Ҳǲ֪ôѡǶѡ
ŷɳƵЦЩŶûеŶĸѡ˵š
𰲻ɵһ
ҹ룬ϴ˯ţƿľš
¹й˽
ɫ΢΢졣
ԶһƬż޵С
һԺȥ
ߵòԶˮ
һתۣһɫӰںӱߣ
Ǻ𣿡
Ԫתʣô˯
˯š
꣬ʣ磬ͣװ˼ˣ
Ԫˡ
㣺ôʱˡҵʲô취𣿡
Ԫҡҡͷ
̾ϧûôľ飬һæﲻϡ
ԪǰΪ»Ĺ־ľҲȤֻǡûе޷ɵس硣ÿֻܺദһգź
ӱӣ
⻰ǲֱ˵ģֻܸЦ
ôʱҲǰ취ȥר
ԪȰ֮⣬ɵôһġ
þܾ̫ˣֻȴ޷ȰöҲá
뵽Ÿղ˵Ļһõص
磬ûϲһܹڻһΡڶΣʹҲǸСʦãֺαػǰأ
Ԫⴹ
֪ϲģǰԵأ
ĺһ˵ȴᵽһɾζ
ɵ̾ˡҲϢ
źӰߣߵûùȻͿ֮ϣָ⹴ž̳Ц
ҲϢþƹһ㣬û뵽ôϹˡ
Σӹľ̳һ¡
һھƽǣ𰵨ӴһЩһ
֮ʵҡ
ꡭ
֮þ̳һɫҪ
֪Ҫ˵Щϻ˵ҺȾƾͺá
һЦ
֮ϣ΢΢³һ
˵°ȥҲǿһֺαôأǰǸԵáӣ̴ۣҲۡ
𰲻ɵһЦ
ͳ֮һ̳Ӿơ
˵ʵΪȲ⼸ˣ۾˭Ȳ
֮Ѿ˯ˣԽԽ
ɫ磬ϽȥϢ
ҡҡλεߡ
ϵԲ£ĪظоȾһ죬ɵ۾
һԲ¾Щ£Ͼ֮ԪⶼԲ͹ġ
һʹĸ磬
ɻ
ԴԺأžһ񻹲һʣµǸ˭š
䣬оǱ˭һĪش˸
ţоŵҡҡλεתͷ
ԶɽܲԲ²֪ʱڸɺĹ֮ͬѪ࣬˺Ȼ
ţǵصĲ޵İڶʲôĴߡֻʶӡ
𰶢ŲɽĪѪһֻ޴ۣע
Ǵϴ˸͵˾ơ
ϵͳͻȻԺд
Сģ
ǵһϵͳ˽
Ȼȴˣ𰻹ûӦʱ´ؿʼ
Ϊģʮ׳ľħȻ
ɺĹֻһʵһֻҺ콬צȻħг֣һסȥ
ѵĳ֮ͽٵԪĿѣ
𰣡

ͷת򣬴ѹʱ͵ضһ˫ɺۣɳͬԵ
𰣬ʮδ㻹ǰһ׵ؾŪ˵ġ
𰣺
ˡ˹
лҪ˵

 41 

ʱǰ
Ѫڡ顣
˹Ȩ, ȹ۰׹, ˽͢Ĺ֮ϡ
ȷǰ΢ĳ³ޣסͫѪ£޲ؿԶĳĺ⡣
еĳж໹Ǿֻ߱壬˽µʬǡ
Ժһ
𣿡
˹Ѫ, ΢΢һ, һ׼͵Ϯķʦлҽһ, ˲仯ΪС
ɳƵؿڣ
ûСֻҪЩϹӲдһ죬ҾԶ⡣
һ˴ʬ, սսس
ˡ
˹ûлͷ, 
Ǽȥȥ, ֮һ᳹׻硣
˴󾪣˵ʲôȴҷֻҧ
лˡ
һ۴ɴŮӿſ˹µİ׹ǣ͵ش˸ʱʪɴ
Ҫ, ҪúûšҪΪԼ飬ԱߵһѣҪν
һΪ˽µĻҽǵҡ
Ůҧס촽¿е, ص˵ϡ
˹̧ۣеĺѪӿ
ͻȻܲƲ֮һѷһ˺ѵ˿ڳա
˹˺ڲᡣ
ʣ
Щ෨ʦĹ
Σ𣿡
Ȼᡣ
˹еĺһת
վ̻Ϊһʮ׳ľ
˫ȫڣһȣ˲ʡ
һۣİ硣
ɽ֮ϣһֻԲسһճ˻ҽɳһЦ
ѵΪٻһβɣ
䣬ǵϤ
˹תͷɺĿһ۾Ϳ֮ľ
ԭĸ磬δ޶ὫŪڹ֮С
˲䣬ŭһձȫħؽǽϣӺ﷢ͳŭ
ȲƫͷȴǱϢƵ졣
˹һգգؿƺȷϣҲƺѰҹȥĺۼ
ûб䡣
˵
˹羱ϢֿڵͫףɳƵػأ
ȷʵûб䡣ʹû˽ɫ۾ʹûħʹ˺ܶ࣬һϵ
𰺧Ȼؿ˹
𾪵ؿԼг֣˹ɳƵЦ
ңҺο㻹ǵҵ֡Ҹϣ˹
һͣǿ³֣
ô
סצݺݵǶʯڣ
û뵽￴ҰɣҲû뵽Ǻڰ֮֮·̫µҪҴһߡ
ݺݵشһɺۣԺֻһͷ
ˣ
ȫˡ
ˡ
ǰ˰ըֻ̻Ҫ˹һϣܰǻˡ
˹Ҳ˹һҲǵ硶ħ
ڵ磬ࡢ顢ˡ塭ȵȸȺӣʱˡʱħѤΣյĸ硣
˹һ
Ȼ˵ǱĻǱɴ׸㣬һս
Ϊ磬ǵλ΢
ӴԸңģǷʦħҩ߷ıɱΪһ׮׬
Ͳ࣬ټߺƵزɱֻʣ˿˹һ
Ȳѣĸһ껯βݣβؽȺ֮С
𰣬ڽ
һΣΪ˵͢ʥŮһְԱߵʱ򣬿ǽͬ˵Ұް㾯ؿ˵Ŀ˹
ʱȴĺͫ
˻ȥԼʿ
Ϥ͢ϰѧϰĻ͵͵ģ˹ָűʼϵ֣дʲô
һ£
𰡣
ҵ֡
𰡭˹һ飬֡
𰣺Ҳһһ֡
ֽ˹Ȼ󡭡మˡ
쳤վõദУû
Ը޸Ҳذʵݸ
˻ܵ˵ĵطԭΣ̾Ƭĺ롣
ֱ˽ĵ˹һĶͷĺĶӰ
ԸΪȥϰħҲԸΪݡ
ֻҪԶߡ
ЦᣬȻذײš
˹𾪵ؿֳۣ֡
㿪ޱؿ˵
ʵ֪һ
ҹӽҪġֻжĵģȨõĲϡ
Ҵûа㣬Ⱳľ
һУΪҵİˣ
һʿ
Ȼڳ˿˹ġ
˹ⰵȥ廯һһûĵľ
Ȼûɢ
˹ŷ֣ԭԼҲ˵꣬ΪĸһʦһȻιĸమ
֪ĸ׵ݣȥĸ׶Բ΢
˹ཫʬߣϾҪж˿飬ŭͬ𺣰ȼڤڤ֮У˵ٻǩԼΪһ鷨ʦ
һҹܲ͢ʮ
û֪͢㡣
˹ĵ·
ֱ¹Ҳ
뵽𰿴ǰľ־嵽ͻȻľˡ
ž΢΢˸˫ۣ²ʲô
ҪצӰж˿飿ںһ˸ĥ
ԣһ˸
˹תʱеĺ̫ǿ󣬺ڰ֮޷ȫƿأֻתһ롣
һһˡ
˵飬ơ
񣬱˵Įıҡ
ĸʹֵȥ
ͽ͵ʣ
ôˣ
˹Ц
㻹ڵͽģѻ˷ɻңȥ׷㡭㻹û˹սצҿϴȥǡ
ƺһ룬˹ɹˡ
Ϊ˸һ˽᣿
ϾǸƿأ֮ûдݻ֮ûһ˵˹Ϊ鷨ʦ׾ٵشݻꡣ
ϵͳɥ⣬Ͻ
Ԫͳ֮Ͼ͵
ϵͳ䡣ֻȻɽڶʱһ
䡢ʯѣ˹ŭصͺһ
һûκθ飬ԨﴫԺ
ҹˡ
˹ҧ𰣬ںۼ
ˡһʱҲõǿռħ
ţ֪˶ϻʲôο˹ȥҲס
ϽҪɱҿԣ粻ĵط
˹ɺ˫΢΢һϢľࣺ
㻹ڵ
צϣûС
˹αĴȰɣûаͽֻĵ
Ѿǲˣʵص
˵ʲôãֻϣɱ֮ϻȥ
ܡ˹¾޴ͷβһɨȻһߴˣ΢ĺڷľһ𣬴кֵ˫ѪһĹ⣺
ɱٰ֮ɱ
һסһ̧ƣ͵ȼһ
ؿ
ͻȻ۽ǵ⿴һֻ߲ʵСĻצӣ׼
󾪣ȻԼʱСҲ˹
˹ƺܵ΢΢ת顣
ǧһ֮ʣһҧ͵رסĲ
˹
˹˹ʱһ
лҪ˵ֻһϢôô

42 

һȥĸ硣
һ, ڶ, ãĸ
⼸пۡЦ
Ȼģǵ硣
İԺͻҪǣ֪񲻽Ҫ˻飬Ҫƭĸ顣
һԸԼ, ԼԪֻ֮顣
ڶ, ԸԼ, ͳֻ֮Ƽˮꡣ
ȻأҪһ갮̸ס
ǲ毺õջٵܹĸ顣
ڴ粽ദ΢Ĺػ, ҲԼ˼
ϷͶ˸飿
Ҳֲ塣
ֱ˽һ, ˹ĸ, ͬʱҲϵͳľ棺
鿪ڳ˹ġ
ᣬذ׺ݺݵز˿˹š
԰׶𾪵ޱ˵ԼûϲⱲľ
Ȼôأ
ʵϲƬҲϲůůĳ, ϲ׳צӡ
ϲĵʱԼǰ
˵˭ϲֻԼ
ȻΪתעסȻڿһ˲䣬ȥļ糱ˮӿɵһ¡
û, ϵѪŨء
Ȼ˵ϵһ˲䣬뵽Լ޴ĶƤϣ˯ӡ
Ǹʱ򣬿˹ϳĻζ
˹˹Ҳһ£ϵĻرðֱϨ
˹֣֮⣬ûᵽ
Ϥ˽˹
η˽ˡ
־˽ħ
ֻС˹֣רġ
ÿ߲ʱ𰶼ζؿ֣
˹
˹ǿ˹
Ƕ˹
ɽ˼ٵĺ֮⣬
˹ĺͫһ¡

ˣ˹
˹ҧ
ûС
ΪҪͣǱαĻƭ𣿡
˹ָһĺ﷢Ұ޵ĵ
ûУԴӱɱһԺ󣬾ͷҲƭ
ûвȴʮЦ
˹ָ̧֣ȴص
˹ɱ֮ǰɲ˵仰
۾û˽ֵͫǰһγ
º͵ķ硣Ȼصڹ͢Ǹ
ʱǽ͢ʥŮÿǧƪһɵľ͵֮󣬾ǷζĵС
˳ſܵ˽͢⣬ڽĲݵϡ
ͻȻʣ㵽м򣿡
תͷ뿴𣿡
û˵ֻڴصɴ˫ۡ
涵Ӱ»ر˾˫չ¡
𰾪̾ؿľצ˵̾Ļ
ʱǰܴͣδһƽǷɱԷĻ
Ļɱ𣿡
Ҳôʿ˹
˹ᡣ
һɱ϶ɱ
ᱻƭֻαװ
ôţ̧֣ȴħۼû֪ŭŭԼ˫һ죬Χʱһ𣬸ʯ
ֱסǽϣ֮Ϣ޽ӽ
ҲΪֻװһ¿ҾͻŹ𣿡
ѵشɺ۾
ûС
𰣡˹ҧƺʱҧĺ
ҲᱻƭעҪҵ¡
𰲻ɵƫͷɱҿԡһʾСϽӣһߵ
ûκԹԣҶԲ㡣
˹ЦһɳƵɤеĵͳ
˵仰ʱ򲻸ҿң𰣬Ҫ˵ˡ
תͷַšûһ˿
˲䣬ϡ
ˡ
һ˵
ٿޡΨһһǸ»֮ҹ˵ԸԶһʱ򡣡
˹ָһֻССһᣬȴǵ֮һ˲ȼֱۡ
Ҳ㣬Ҫôֻ˵
˹ŭ۽ǵ΢죬ҧ
˵Ҳٱƭ
˵꣬ɳһЦҲɱ㡣
ʱһ㶡
ô׵ؾɱ
ҪĥۿԼĽ͢ķ棬ԿԼͽ۰׹ǣܾĥ֮һµ
ôţͷ۾
һһʽ
˵ţٶȻΪôִβ͵ؾ𰣬Хһȥ
һϽץס˹Ĵβ͡
˹αǣռ˰ɽͷ
ɽħ󸲸ǣԪͳ֮ûпǣȻǿߣҪƻħҲ֮¡
˹ɽ֮ϣ¡
ˣ˹Ҫʲô
˹գ
ҴȥҪһڷ֮ϣ
𰣺
ѡ̡ĳɡն
ҪңټӡʱԪͳ֮ħ󣬳
𰣺Ǹң
⡣Ժ˵˹ĵܵܡ
𰣺
ǳɣ϶ǳɣ
һʣ
˹ҪҴȥ
΢΢ͷؿ԰׵ɫ
ǣҪۿͽ꣬ҵĽ°ġ
̧ۿһĻҿȥǡ绹кܶǣңܲٸһʱ䣿
˹Ц޴ͷѹ
Ϊһ˸ʱ䣿
˵ţצ͵ؾץȥ
˹
ʶƾܣΣȴоϺ޸оһ䡣
Сĵ̧ۣԼıӡ
һ˲䣬㱡
ִ΢ȶȣȴ˲Ǳ˹ȫ
ȫֱǱסʲôأβͶӲ
ںûн֮ǰǡ
ıӶ˵ֻһûʲôر٣˵һ罻.е㡣
ĵʱ򣬻ụײβ͡
ʱŭȶ˫ᡣ
ֻڱʾϲܵʱ򣬻ụӡ
һαɾʱ𰲻֪صġܡĴӣʱһȫͷ˶Ƥ
ôˣ֧֧زϻش
֮Ҳһ֮Ÿ
Ϊ֣ıӣҲǽ֮¡
¸ܵĵ¶ȣеĺ⼸ûȻϵĲȴ̲סҪͷݺݵ鶯ӣȫ
ؿ˲ɵעӡ
һ˲䣬ķ綼͡
𰻺ء̽ؿ˹Ȼſͷ֮ϡ
˹
˹ٶȽֱסˡ
ˣɿ˹ǸࡣԶѲŮ˵Ӱ졣
Ǹ˵
лҪ˵ÿɫģ߿϶ƫϣۣҪŶ
һ㣬ʱôôա

 43 

ͷƷӿ, Ȼʱɽ, ȴǷƽ˾
˶ſͷ֮ϣССҪݽĺ
˹ĺͳĹһֻŭȴֱ˳ëèƶ
צӽڵβͲɨŴ
ǼʹȫƬſͷȴûƶһ㡣
ֺ޲ģȴʮЦ
ԶѲӰ졣
˹ع, ԼıӾ, Ȼŭ, ͵һѹͺ
, ̬
վ, 㱻
ſ˹ɺĿ, ģ˹
㲻ôң˹ѹ壬غˣαŮˣ㱾ľȴΪ˻ӽҡ
ǡһ֣ͣ̽
ҡЦһ֪㲻ҵĻʵû㡣
𰡣˹ͷ, ȴǽûп
˵Ҳ㡣
ɴֱӹȥٶıӡ
˹һ͵һ䷢ͺҪ
, ˹
ٶ˵
ûУ˹˲䷴ҧŭ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣ
ôҴʹ˵ռ岻кý˳ϰԣ󻹲ǱŪڹ֮䡣
˹ŭһ
죡
һβɨ˴ƬʯϢǰе
˸ڲϵأһֻ۾ɫ
һ밲͵سͷɫޱؿ
һ˲䣬ֱˮûϢϮĴԣȫ˵
˵ڵ˸ڱ֮˳ԣء
ôһ˸ȫǺ޸飬Ϊһѻ
һԷͷһ͵سſצסȻ˫һȣ˲շȥ
޿ˣˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˹ܸܲԼһȫ꣬ҪȻעϵͳߣ
ϵͳĳÿ˹ûаһɢ֮ǰҴ𣿡
ϵͳ
Ҫƨ㾹ȻֻǾ
Ŷˣ˵ĵϵͳҪжǣ˷ʱϡ
ѵҪ̣
ô̧ͷա
˹Ʋ㣬˲Ͽա
ǵѷѹرգ˹һХɫĹⲨĺۼ͵޾ҹա
ֻһƺʲô򿪡
˹ֹһһ鷨ʦǶԿռо鷨ʦ
ֻϷĿһ󶯵ˮ渡˿ռ伴˺ѵ
˹˫һ˲еײȥ
һʶס
Ȼһ˹ͷݺݵײ˿ϣȴûײʱѷ졣
аײһΣȴȥݺݵص˵ϡ
צߵ߻أѸҹ³ɵô󺰣ˣʱѷܿһأڻûеײģ
˹ɳƵХվ˦˦ͷβͲסаٶȳա
ȻΣƺ֮ķֻƲ͵ؾҷӿ׵罻֯͵˹
㷴˹³һϢȻһʼ𵴣ƽɽͷɽﰧɽ˲仯ΪС
˹ΪױԼɢȴû뵽ǹɵ˳צ͵ϮԼȫ
˲䣬оԼ궼ͬڵ֮Уɵ÷һХ
һ˹
˹֮ϵʹڵϷ
𰱻˦˳ȥڵϹ߰Ȧǿͣ¡
ججվʹþβɨɵþȣ
ϵͳ˹ôˣ
ûеףǿгʱѷֻ⵽ɡڼ˵ĴôֻϵĴŻʹʹࡣ
ͻǻңʹϼʹ
һͣعͷſ˹ʹڵϷ̽ǰ
˹
˹һֻۣŭֽ䱸سͺ
˲䣬Ϯǿס
˹£Ҳ˺㡣
˹ҡҡͷǰһƬӰ׼ȷϢ
׻ʲôֻҪһ¾ͺˣԼ˵
Ҫˣʱɱǡ
˵
ɱ
˹ۣɫӰ治ϷŴŭһ̾һ˵»֮ҹ
ǻİףȴǺĲϵذס
᲻ΪɱһΣ
Ȼɱֻǲ֪Ϊο˹ٴУ䷢ĵͺ𣬾Ҫ뿿һ
̽֡
һ˸ɵñ
ˡȻһʱƬ̻زȥǾɱɡ
˹ſ죬ⲨѾƴȻҡҡλεأѾߵߡ
̾һգ»
˹Ҷ
¶ȸգ˹һⲨ
𰻺ذɱңһʱ֮˵ɡ
˹ֻƤԽԽɫͫײɫͫ׻ڹִؿ𰡣
ᶨֳӡ
󣬺ɢ˹ʵĵرۡ
ǰһνСһ֮¡
һѡ
еĹΣյԣÿõòʱ򣬶СԱڽʡ
ܴӦúƣ˰ɡ
̾һ
ʱ׷磬ɢȥԶâɣµһ졣
Ԫڶ򣬾ﴦ
֮򣬾ﴦ
󼴽һ
Ӱǰһ˲䣬ʶذѿ˹
ͷմӷӳС

ղƺĳֶռλá


 44 

ɽһƬǽ, ɽͷƽһ롣
ͷϹŵݡϻ˼, ԭؾδ
Ԫͳ֮һǰһϹʱһ
𰣡
𰣡
ع֣û¡û£
ԪȷüɨһȦ
ղŵô£
򾲵˵Ҳ֪Ӧĸ޲۾Ͱ°˰ɡ
֮ѵףĴ˿, һʯմһѪ, Ѫƺźǿ, ѾʯʴһСӡ
ֻһѪô⵽ʲôĲޣ
Ƥһ, ϲ¶ߣ
̫, һʱûп塣
Ԫ⿴һ, ղŵ˳ɽȴûаɽĻأǾֻõֶΡܽסһʱԲһ㶼ޡ
𰽫˹һ, صһͷ
˵öԡ
֮ղ԰ףΪɵˣ̾˿
𰣬Ȼ벻ͱˣɿֻȥĶˣ
һҲ֪
֮վ, óһ̣
֪ҲûϵǼȻ˵ֻ޵ֶѾûˡǻ߲һ֪
˵ţָһ㣬ɫĹ˲ָ£ʯϵһѪ޷Զ˲ϡ
ֻһ죬ɫ˲ɢ
ǵ⣬ʱ̸֮ҵؽҪҿ˹Լȫ¶ˣ
뵽һϽǰס̣
ˣʹҵӦҲǵˡ
֮ôܲңǴǰ°ߵģرǿ𰱻ڵôǱ£ô̵
һüԱߴɳƵĿ
˻عͷСһﶶ˶ë
𰣡ߣ
Ԫ߹ȥһһѺڻңһ³
ʬҡ
˵ţͷд׵磺
Ǳ׵ճɻҡ
ˣӦþɽﱾʹڵҲû뵽
С˿ȣߵںڻϲ˼ţ
Сǵã𰣬ɱС
𰣺
ƵؿССʹ˸
жÿ޳
֮ջ̣ɫӲغһһֽƬɻҷߣ㲻ʣ
Ҳ֪һѧı죬ȻӵƤ½ˡ
˵ţݸһƿˮ´α̫ԶҪҲ㣬ôޣ
𰲻˼ӱӣԪ׽
Ȼ£Ǿͻȥɡ
һоԼڹŹ⡣
ĨһѺǣ̫ΣˣϽȥɡ
Сɵļϣһͷмס
С̾ԼĵλǺȣ˷ܵϲһ¡
ֻվļϣܾе㲻㣬ؿӡ
𰣺
СɵֱߣＷ
һ˹ͱڼСë׵壬㱻ýг
ԪͷһۣǿһЦСûʲô¡
С￴ԲѵצӲβ͡
СģСģ
εذסС̾ǡ顱Բˡ
˻صϴ󣬽ŴؽȻ󽫿˹͵͵شק˳
Сﻢؿſ˹ٲһŵļơ
Σ֤ϲĻСС⡣
СĿ˹û˸ղŵצĸצӱö̴֣ҲССᣬβҲ˲١
һְֻС档
ٿɵһβ͡
˹ƤһӱǿﲻһϢѴš
һϽѻȻ·ؽ˹һţ˴¡
һУС¶һβͳ
ֻǻԾôٱ󣬿»ж˿ɡ
ͷ
˽ֻҪͦ죬˹Ȼᱻʱѷȥ
𰲢ûбοֻҪһѣҿ²һ롣
ϵͳѵóĬһᡣ
ϵͳ˲֧ɱԱΣգҰﲻæ¡
ҡҡͷǶҵġȻӦôһ۶øֻϣ㿴ǰһʱѷӰķϣһεҲɰɡ
˵ţ˯ȥССĵͷ
㲻ӦĻҿֻҪһԸǾԼʱݣһ
ϵͳ˼һ¡
ҿԴӦ㡣Ǹ⣬ʹݣҲزˡ
ͳƣȴûȣ
һôʱ䣬Ҳռ˱ˡֻϣ˶ܹĶν
ϵͳϾദôʱ䡣ûһ˿ǲܵģ
Ϳ˹ǰĹϵܣȻ˺βøԻ֮һ޲ʱѷ졣
ҡҡͷ
ƭ̫ˡҺûʲô顣ǶǼ󡭡ʹС
˫ۣҲôĴĥˡ
Ԫ⡢֮˶ΣԿ˹Ψһͬǣ˹ɱġ
ҲʲôԼӱܵɡ
⼸ʱѷ죬Ϊİɡ
⣬ԪʦãʱˣҪˡ

ûع񣺡Ҫˣ
ȻԪһֱէȻ֪ԪҪߣⲻ˹Ķһ¡
߳⣬֮ϢԪվڴ£չ㣬ԡ
ʦ֣Ҫˣ
ԪǣҸоʱˡȻҾͿɷĻȥˡһܾҪ¸ˡ
˵ͷ
ԼӦ÷һʯͷֻ뵽ԼСڿ˹צ£һξͲ֪ܼܲԪˣЩɬ
Ԫһ֣ߵӱߡ
Ԫ⡣
ٵ滽Ԫ⣬һֱǡʦ֡
һֱ֪㵽ϲʲôҲ˻£ʵҵ㣬Ҳǡ
¡
һ㶣̧ͷ
Ԫ̽ǰ
𰽩Ӳûжս
Ϊô꣬ȹҵ˻ҵԿħڣΪµİղ֪ܹˣҲ֪˶˵ĶݡÿҶݵŮҶҪģҪķֳ˰˰ٰꣿ
ԪϢ㱵գһۡ
ֻ꣬һ֪ҴСһ𳤴ǵһǵһһ׮׮һҶ
ֻԼԻ˫ۣһֱԼҪģΪҵĲȣѹΪ־ᡣ
ҵ˵ѣĻ˵ѡȴ˵ѣԣȥˡ
ۿˡ
Ԫ⣬ҸҲϲأ
Ԫ΢΢һͷΪֵòԣ
ӣ˵
ԪҲŻ꣬һٻܱĳߣ֮ǰһزģôҲԸԼ޻ˡ
һ
ϵͳ
ȱľģ
Ĩһᡣ
أ
Ԫ˵͵
Ԫ⣬޵ֻأˣⱲӺԵֶˡҪúΪ˲Ǵҵ
Ԫ⿴΢΢šü
ΪЦΪһΪ˰ɱⱲӺ̣ܶȸ̣ұһѻ㻹ģ׼׷±ӡ
Ԫ֮û壬һǧΣģҲִţǲ
˵ͷ
Ԫǰɢ
ú
Ԫ̧֣̽طŵļձߣķ˿ϡ
ҡ
ʧʡ
ӣúˮϴ˰ߡ
֮ϣ΢΢۽ǣ
ˣǸԪأ
ؼˡ
֮˸ǾͺãֻʣҺˡ
𰰵һֻѵ
֮ʣʱӦÿ쵽˰ɣôߣ
֮ˣǻʲôʱ߾ʲôʱߣ
²ۣʹҲǼٵġ
֮һЦ˫ӨӨԶĳ򣬵
ҰͻϾҾͻȥ
СӶŬɲ¡
˵ţͳǸԪĲڣҲͲװˡ˵ɣ⼸еķҪĸ
𰱾⣬óôͻȻһ
СĵؿȥϲôĶû֡֡˾˶˻Ͼ˯ȥҩ
֮
𰲻ĬĬ££ڡ
лҪ˵һ׽

 45 

֮ĺһ¡
һ, ʣ
׼˭£
һ, ܲ˵һͷɣС
ܣҲܸ㡣
֮ʣ϶еİɡϲʶ
𰲻͵صʶʶ㵽ûУ
ָ֮΢΢Ȼһͷ
У
ϲϽʣܸܲһ㣿
֮ʣ
ȷ
ȷ
֮Щɳ, һҩɲͬ, һҲ˯ϸһһҹ, ܡ𣿡
ؿܸ𡣡
֮סˣ𰾧˫, һθоԼĶڷ, ɵðԼûϢ

ֲ֧סˣֻҪһƿҩѡҲǸʲôµҩأ
֮أ
, 㲻˽𰡣使ݣʵŤúܡ˵Ǹеģ϶Ǹеģ⸽һоǸţ˵ĸˣ
ȻҪҩ˵ԡ϶ڰʾҡ
죺
֮Щ, ѵ뿪ˣˣ
üȻѾ˰ʾ֣Ƿ£ڵ֣һͷ
, Ҹ㡣
˵꣬ľ˲ƣʼ䵹Ҷ
걻һߣɵò
Сӣ˹ʦޣ
֮ҴûΪʦ
˵ţһҩ裬Ի굤׵ĴһȥҲ˯ϸҹ
Լǲһ̫ˣ
֮Щᡣ
룬Լ˯ҹ֮ƨɰԼڴϾô죿
ַһĩɢһȥƷҲȫ˯ϸһһҹ⡣
˿ȣûۿ
ϽϽóȥҵۣ
ŵؿԼ͵ذѵҩ˻
һˣѶ𰣬ɱ֮ô죿
ʣ㵽׸
֮ع񣬵
ϣɢһȥ˯һ졣
һ죿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
֮ɴۣһ컹٣
죡
ѿ˹ˣ֮ʹͻȥ
֮
ҧóӵƣѴԻ굤ݸȻ
Ҳ÷̫࣬ˡܲס
𰰵˹ôһͷһȥҲ֪ܲҩס
֮ҩתߣϽס𰣡
ͷ֮һ£ʣ
㡭
˵һ룬־Щ̫ãǵ
Ϲһ㲻ż
ĪͷȻðɡ
ߺһûסͳһ̳ƣݺݵعһڡ
ųŵˮ˵̸Ϊǰûס˸ۣ
Ϣ
صСﻹڴ˯Сĵذѿ˹Ӵק˳
ϵͳʣ
Ҫÿ˹˯
Ȼȹ죬ҾͰͻȥ
ϵͳղ˵ʹҲ޻ˡ
ͷ̾
˭أҸղҲ֮˵Ļһ־ܡ
ôţŪһ¿˹׳צӣ
Ҳ֪ʹͻȥһ죬һ졣Ҳôֻܹ롭һ֮ǰҵʦ㣬СʦܵٿĸĸҲáΪ˾뿪̫ˣѾܾöûоТˡ
ϵͳĬˡ
Цһ
ʵһ˽û˵
ʵȻô꣬ѾһֶͣûпĸĸҲ޷߳лϥ£źʹٻһǧҲֲˡ
ֻȨϣϵͳѾӦԻʱ⣬ҲͲôࡣ
عСĵذѿ˹Ȼҩĺ
˹Ժȥʱ˯øˡ
һ
СԺֵ͵ըˣ
𰣡Сﲻ
𰣺
СԼͷë䣺
СС
Σúúã㣡㣡
Сβ𣬵ز˿˹һš
𰿴úЦϣ
Һ˯ˣҪ֮ٲһھܳԵ㡣
С˹Ӵɵô˸
Сʣ𰣬˭ΪʲôҪץ𰣿
̾˿ǺԪ⡢֮һˡ
Сʱ̶С
ЦãôҸҺ׵ġԣҺһ׵ġ
С̾С֪ԼĻŴ˭ˡ
Σһ裬ˮУҲȥ
һʵԪǿǹִҲʱ򡣵ƫִҺ
˵ţҡͷһЦ
ˣͽⲻͽʲôϵ
˵꣬СëӦںߵʱߡ
СܺΣա
С̽סˣ𰲻ҪС𣿡
չԼëСôƯ
ָСôɰôС
Ͻ˭ҪҲ᲻Ҫ㡣
һһ˰죬ȴ֪ϵĿ˹Ѿ۾
ˣ֮ҩԷŵˣȴŲһͷʹһС
ʱ˹תѣȴԼȫܶɵôΪŭһڻ𣬾Ϳܵرһֹֻ˵Ļ
һ΢̵ıͷŹ⣬Сƺˮ
㱼˹뵽ڽ͢ӡ
ҲĿ飬ĶƤ
񡭡
ѾƬϲһֻֻյķˡ
˵


 46 

ʹ˹, Զڹ͢ʱ⡣
Ϊһֻе, ӦսսȻıӻ£Ȼڽ͢ƽô꣬Ҳһˡ
ÿ峿ȥ棬˹ؽɯ, 粽ظ, ȹĬ
, 𰣬Ƕ˹𰡣
, ˻û˵ʱ͵ܵ, ҹɫչ˫, £ڻŽֵ۾ԣԼƬǻẦ߶ؾβ͡
Ȼһжǵ»֮ҹơ
ԭôĽۣ֮ڵһξͿԭΡ
ôĴҲ˵ӶĻ
ô, Ҳذײš
뵽˹еСֻƺǱذףնغХŷ硣
ûˣôܻоʹ
ֻһִˡ
˹شһ
Ӱֻ, ֻһֻݶѣһ㣬¿ˣѲƽ˰ɡ
һһηЦ
ͬݹǣô
Ǿͺá
˹֪ڸԷǸԼ
һúЩ໯ΪݹǵˣֵҸ
˵ţٶվȻ˰ֻԼצӳ鶯һ¡
˹
⵽ô£ʲô
ǰ𰻹ںС
ϲСˡ
Сбۿжϲ
Сצӣ˶ϲ
ȴ滹ϲ
棿
ʶػͷ˹ţоߣʶһۡ
Ȼ˭Ȳ㡣
˹
ܵԣղŵͣһġ
ûࡣ˹ɳƵ˵

Ҫǰ˼ҡ˵֤ʵһʲôô
һڲ˵ˡ
Сﱧס𰣬ص
ϲСǾͲҪСߺòã
ָز˲СգֺγСദֻǡ¿˹ķ˷裬Լ²ҪֻС񳶽϶ںޱȡ
̾ڸ֪ᷢʲôֻһһˡ
⣬֮ʣ𰣬ʱ䲻ˣǷ
ع񣺡ãϡ
ʰöתϵĿ˹
Թɵرۣһ㶼ֲӡ
Ҫһֱô˯ţͿԲøذˡ
ǿ˹һƲסֻɱ䣬ʱͿ̿û취ôȥֻܰʱը.ϡ
ûпռ䣬ҲûʲôȻܽ˹ջȥֻķòϡ
һ·Сĵذѿ˹ŵ档
˹ȻСˣɲݣ׳צӺʹ׳βͣСеġ桱
ûסһǡ
˹ֻǱһۣ͸оƶ
ۿŮ˲Ҫ͸оԼβͱزŵ˶Ƥϡ
˹ûסһ¡
Ȼ˵еĲλβҲضáβɨ¥׾٣ҲаʹȻȣȫƬֱӴƤ˹û취Ӧ
㡭
죡
˹ȶסһ˸ĻɳƣżѹƵĲ
ֻû׼
Ƭ̣ůϢĲϰ˹֪Ҫʲô
ûɱѵòȻٰ
Ϊɾʹش
飬ʹҲһ鷨ʦ
۶ô񶾵ֶζȥܹڵȻҷ
˹ɳƵЦתͷȥ𰣬ȴͻȻһȻԼצͻȻһ
ڵצôộ㻹ôץң
˹
ֻԱߴߴؽУ

úúãҲҲҾǡҾǿצ̫֣Ұ¡
ֻƺ񳶲ͷҪСﲻҪ
̾ҲСûһ˳ô죿ŸҷԣסС׳ԣСó𣿡
ֻ˵ˡ
˹ɵЦ
²ı˰ɡ
ûһ첻αơȻǹ͢ʥŮÿ춼֣ȻкйͽֻȨֻĵ
ٱɱ֮ǰҲֻʵᣬɱе塣
Ϊûпֻʣ°ĵΪԼʹ
ΪԼ˵ģֻùûʵɡ
˹ôţϢյһ
û뵽һſ죬͸оԼһᣬ˲һ壬Լβͱһ£
Ǹóˣ档
˹
лҪ˵̫һһ㡣
һж

 47 

, ϴ·, ͷõĶƤһ̧
ˣ
ͷԼֻסһϣŸŵһʵ̫Ӧá
ǵţŵ, ʵǶԲҲҪ, ౣء
˦˦ϵˮ飺ôʣ, Ǹ
Ƥһ͵һ۳֮, Ͻסͷ硣
Цһ£Ǹôڣ
ˡ
ſһۻеŤĳ֮, ֿ˿һŵ, ֪뵽ʲôһߣüŪۣ
û뵽Сﻹͦӡ
˵ļлȫ˲˵˵һֱǸи֣磡
𰣺
, װͿˡɫϽ߰ɡ
˵ţתóҪİ
ûʲôö·ϴųԡ
ۿҪ˹ϣϽͷӹ
ҡžͺá
ֻͷ³, ̵ô͵һ
ллš
лʲôл
Ų˲֣ϽߣԼȽˡ
֮ҪİϽãԼ
Сȵվļϣռɽͷɽؿİһۡ
һѡ
˵ţ֮ŵĲˮﵯһŵҩˮ
һʲô
֮һЦһܺɣҲûʲôʺ˼ҵķֻһٵĵҩ
ܱܿѴԼǰȥ˵˫ޣ˫ܵУһ
˵٣ٸӸٰʮֱ꣬ӳ˰ɡ
Ĺǣ֮ģзִ硣
ȫҲֻҵһӣͷ̾ͷϵ֮Ͱס
ΪŻһΣôȥ𣿡
һЦ˼һϣܲʲô°ɡ
ǧͶëءл´Ҳ١
ԣ˫Ⱦϳ
Ҳ֪Լһûˡ
֮ΪŲģЦ
ѾҵĶĶ͵ľ͵͵ġ
ʱЦãʲôҵġҿɲҪĶ
С￴֮ղԾ̶Сۣӳγһë˳ŵϣ
СĲģ
֮ͷΣյضסС
ûǣֻǸʲôԪġ
Сվļͷ֮ըë
𰣺
εסͷΪ˺Լ͸ˣ˻һС
ĳŴӴ̽ͷ
ôߣ¶Ұ𣿻˵СҴ̡
Ͻ
ţˣ
𰣺
֮һˣϳ
Сװʲô飿
֮ⲻͳѡһԼʱܵԺˡ
Ϲҹˣ
֮һ̾Ϊûпļ٣ȥα·ϵʱ䣿
𰲻ɵһЦСлл
Сۣһ
СĶߵ
𰣬СԭҲܴȥġ
εعһ°ͣˣ;ĸС˧磬Ͱ˦ȥˡ
Сߵغһ
֮һǡ
ڰĿ˹ЦһԻĵı»
ǰʥŮʱ໹Ǿ飬ӱ׵İˣӵʹ꣬һЩִԲ
һ磬αļƭˣȻô˱ƭѵЩ˶ﲻɣ
Ƕ֪ˡֻк˼ŻᱻŮӰ졣
ô˵
ֻһ룬ƺоЩƨ̧һ¡
ؾһβͣƺ߳
˹
ҾԲҺһˡ
ɣ
֮óеķ
ƼгߣͿԵϾ
ͷ
СĺȥԭҲһִȣʲôƳӺöˡ
ڲǲ֪ĺã
֮վǰ棬˫ָһᣬ޷˲ա
Ʋı·ֻصʱ򣬲ɵһЦ
֮Ȼվǰ棬ܸܵЦЦʲô
룬áأҲ漣
ۣ֮еȻãܿúɽҲһˡ
ҼǵԼҲ߹ϱÿҶĸط˭
֮Ϊȥ˲ٵĵطЩؾأ߶̤㣬Ϊܹǿ˲ٿࡣ
֮ɵһЦԭһֱҵָơ
𰲻ɵһ͡
ֻ˵˵ô뵽ȥˡ
֮һ㻹һû˵ΪУͻΪһѻôİ֮ٶ
𰣺
νӲϻˣȵĶ̾˿
Ҫתƻ⣬ͻȻԼİ΢΢һһΪ˹Ҫˣӷϵȥ
սսش򿪲ֿ˹˯죬ûа㶯
һ־ÿ˹̫ȫֹһƤˡ
ɵЩҡȻ˹ǿ󣬵֮ҩϾҩһ˹Ӧô죿
뵽ָȥ̽СƤ
˹С֮ƬҲȻС˺ܶ࣬ʱСһȡ
Ҳ֪ǷĴȥһ˲䣬˹ĺӽˡ
Сĺϣ˯һȥ˹죬Ͻȥ֣
СС
֮΢΢ͷôˣ
ϽѰת棺ûʲôС
֮Сһۡ
С˳֮һֻۣͷȥɰĿ˹
æҡᡣ
ʲôôһĶʼˣ
Һã˹ĶƤʼһ
Сúðſڣ
ˣֻǿ״ô
Ҳ֪ΪΣСĴԸش
֪Դӿѿ˹ֻΣУԼĵλκȡ
Ϊ˰ĹĵСֻó֮ͣ£ʳ
𰿴УĪоЩϤ
ֱߵһ̯ǰС
Ϲɣϴһɰ˺룬ֻˣ
𰣺
²ס
֮һĺɰʲôɰ
СĺɰŮ͸ӣǾף˼Ȼգɰ
Ͻų֮ߣĺɰãǿߣ
ϴοɲô˵ģ
֮ͷһۣ΢΢һۡ
ߵһ̯ǰ׼緹
СվļͷζʳһŹӡ
Ҫ棬ݸ֮
Ե㣬ⶼġ
֮ǵһκ𰵥ԷµףȻоճ˼̻ůʹɵһЦ
΢һ
ţˣʹķҲֵˡ
Ի²졣
֮գһǡ
״ʣ
ϰ˵ǰɰ
Ƥһ飬򾲵ص
Ǹҵ־òÿԸ˺ˡ
֮˵ͷųĿӣݺݵһ
쳰ЦǳϢ
֮һҪϲʲôľ͸ҡ
Ͻʲôϲ
ϰһƵ֮ǰҪס죺Ե㣬ĵطء
ʱ䲻Ļÿų֮һ˼ҡ
֮
Ĭһᣬصģҳ֮һű
ССԣ
Сǰſ졣
֮΢΢һЦЦص
𰣺
һűѣ
һһǺαأ
ѵҪ˺
ǲڿƽ
̾ҧҪѱֿͻȻࡱһ
Ƥһ飬ҲǴӳ֮ǱߴģСҲ޹ҡҡͷ
ѵǡ
Ӳصͷ
˹
лҪ˵ֻһһᾡĶдһ㣬

 48 

͵͵ش򿪰, һͷ, ͺͿ˹
𰣺
˹
ءס
ûԼӻһһѡ
Ԫͳ֮Ԫ⣬˸˹
Ϊ˹˯ȥ͸ˣû뵽֮С, òҪƽԴ, û뵽˹ȴˡ
̫, һСĻᱻֿ֮˹Ĵڲ˵һ˹һ, ְճô죿
ֱӰѿ˹ӳȥ, ǸõúãҪȻɴͰԼɡ
ۿſ˹, ų֮ʣ
ôˣ
ͷƤһը͵ؽذڻҧ
û¡
˵ţĴԷתҡԽֽǵǺ«
֮ȥ򡣡
Ͻ˲ƣһŵ˾Ͳˡ
֮Цò׺һη, ôô顣
𰼴ʹʱļ٣ҲⲻЩ
֮վ޳ӰʧȺкһϣСתܡ
Сﱻߵû˵
𰡫𰡢ȥ
Ŀը.
ҵһ˵ĺͬ, ˹Сطڵϡ
Ȼֽ
˹ǱŸղŵƣе⼸ӽ˪
𰲻ɵô˸¡
ʹСҲ
𰿴ſ˹С񣬺һ
˹㡢ˡ
˹ʹڵϣҲָ߸ϵ
𰣬ʲô
ӣһҩûʲô֮ܶˡֻû뵽ôˡ
˹ۣɳƣ
Ϊ˻ֶΣΪҲܶҾͲܶԸ𣿡
˵ţۣʲô
˲䣬СڵҶѸתߣ˹屻
һС͵ĺɫħ£˫Ŀɺ죬ؿ𰡣
Сë÷צץסӣ
𰣬С㣬ܣ
˹ɳƵһЦߺ죬֮ӳͨ죬ۿҪһһҧ͵ȥ
˲䣬˹ס졣
˹
Ǳ͵سһΧޱȵذ
֮ѾϨ𣬱رС硣
ƮڿеҶҲڸܵ˵顱һ׹һ
ſ˹죬ľȻһƬȻѾ˺ڣָѾɭ
Ҳû뵽Լô󵨹ҳһֻʱ졭
ȵĺһڿˮشۡ
˹ƺЩޣβͶֱˡ
ص
ɶҳ˳󡣡
죡˹ҧĿ͵ػع񣬱ס
Сĵʣ
˹ô
˹û˵Ȼ˵
ҪڲɱңҾͷ㡣
˹ɳƵߣЩͷ۵̾빶ģ뵽ǰҪڲסĻᱻճɷɻˡ
û취ֻв
Ϊ㡣
˵ţҲѧۣ
ǲ֪Եʱ򵽵׸ʲôҩˣҲˣ
˲䣬˹ƴʢη壬ͷСв
ΪԽⶾҸɲͬ硣еĶҲϤĶҩûҵĻⲻ֮ͻ᳦öҪˣԶòҩ
ѹúܵͣΪʾѹ塣
ֻ˵úǺˣȴԼղűŵͷ󺹣ʱϴźΣ˵ú壬ŵ
˹һͷһͷޱʱ˿̣ᵽϵȸźü㲼ֱӶˡ
ļƺٺ˽ӽ
ʹεʱҲıӣεʱ򣬾͸ǿơ
ܵһΣҲֻ»֮ҹµһǡ
ʱҲգȳҪá
գȴ˵вĻ
˹ɫް
ҿɫҲɱǰصӸ˿⡣
ô˵
˹ҧ
Ϊαԣ

лҪ˵Իθۣôࡣ
СȲҰ֮һ

 49 

𰿴˹˵, ΪԼס, ǽŸּۻۣ
˹ΣֻҪӦٶҾͷſ㡣˾͵һͷ
˹ûж
𰣺ڲܶգգۡ
˹ۿ΢΢ڿھۼϽ
úúãϷ㣡
˵ţؽ˹, Сĵطڲϡ
˹ؿ, ƺݡ
ʵҪɱ׾, ֺαؼһʱأ
𰿪ʼ
֪ǳɱңɱ֮ǰ÷˳Ա˶ͷ˵ɡͷ֪ǰûи㽲
Ϳ˹ڽ͢ʱ, ̶ԷһЩйĻ, ȻΪ˲¶̫, ˵ò롣
˹ɺ˫𰣬һƽ˵
ҶûͱᵽǰҵҲ޲
ʱΪԼ⣬ҿ»㡣
˹ɳƵػء

𰣬ǰҶ, ֻ޴ӡαס
εӣֻҪô˵
˵ţСĵؿ
㿴ڲֱܶ˶ɱ֮ҲʡֻҪٸ, Һҵļ˺úøҾ͸磬㵱˵棬ɱһΣ簡вУ
˹ۣƺ˼
ʱβܶ»˦
Σ
ãҴӦһʱ䣬֮ҾͰߵͽ棬ҷ𡣡
䣬˹һƽһЦ
޴ԣֱŮԻ˰ɡʹΣ֮ڽҲһķ棬Ҳһѡ񡣡
˹ֻĽ飬֮ںúŮ˱вǱӰˡ

𰿴˹ɿڣ˲һ
ϵͳ
֮ߣ
һ̾ܰ
Щһ´
Ȼһ̰ˡܻͻ˾Ρ
üĿʹĲòҾͺͿ˹ص硣һﲻһе¾Ҿ޿ˡ
ϵͳ
˹ҲѾӽ֮ǰԼôʹɲõġ
Ȼʹô˵Ҳܷġ
ÿһ춼һֻܾάƽˡ
ԼĬʱСﱻ˹ɪɪعʿ˹
ҸղĶӽС
˹û˵
룬ӴԺԼ൱ڱһˣź˻治С
ֻǸղܵʱ˰ŴߣȫҲûʲôԡ͵뵽ʲôӻͳͷصݵ˹ߣ
ֻͷˣЦɡ
˹ͫһ³˲ͷճ
𰣺
ҿֳÿ죬ҪȻԼ־ͱסˣ
㲻ԾͲԣô˷ʳ
Ϊһ͵ߵĶ
˹ɳƵЦ
ĺ𰣡
һǳ֮
ʶͷ͵ذѿ˹סȻϵϡ
˹
𰡣
ͷ֮Ǻ«΢΢εؿ
ôԭصң
Щŵؽ
ҸղſһӵСһӾܹһʱż˸š
֮Цһ£ϵǮֻͷİɣĸС㣿
ű룬ղǵǮˣڿһͷˡ
֮ҡҡͷǺ«ݸţӵȥҡ
Ͻã
ԼķӦЩȻЦˣҾѪѡǸϽ߰ɡ
֮ãżĻҿϴԺ
ͷ
Сվļϣϵİҫغһ
˹ۡ
ص
һֻݶվļϣڵĴһֻ񡣡
˹ҧҪҺһֻݱȡ
֮ٶ·ֻǸշɵУܲһƬ谵
֮һһ˲
֮ɫһ䣬һס𰡣
һɫøϽʣ֮û£
֮ؿڣһ
û¡
조һα׵ʱЧҪˣʱѷҪջȥ
֮һü
ڻֵܵһʱ䣬һͣʹ»ᵼˡ
ǵ
ڿ²ȥˡ
Ǿ͸ϽҰѷԼҪ
䵽һ֣ľյһСꡣ
Ϊǳ֮˱֪ʱѷٻæǰæҪΪһѻ
֮ؿڣΪҲĵطתɵһЦ
鷳
˵ţͳһ֣һ֮˲ˮγһԲı֡
ָһѻ𣬷Աߡ
εصҿ㲻ǽʡһɡ
֮ҡҡͷеġ
˵ţ˿ɫҿܡֻ㵽ˡ
ʣҪȥˣ
֮ͷ
ڵֻ֧
һһ𰲾ضȹ
ϸϸؿһı飬ϲûңɵһ
ôظߣµľ
֮ľͳޣһ仰ģֻʱܻĨȥ
룬ûеִĪİο
ݸϵˮ
ȥҲá㲻ܷŲܡ
֮˵͸ϽסĻͷ
ֹţˡô˵µһҲΪ۽ͲܾšÿΡ
֮ǵһ˶˵Ļ
Ͼ˵ֻΪ˱ǿ˸Ǹֻбǿܸ
񸴳ޱȿ飬ƺ˺ȾƾûʲôȤԡ
еġΪˡȴûġ
Ͼֲ˽ɣԱѣ̸ֺԼأ
ֻ˵ⷬЩ档
΢΢سޣ
ܸо˺ܶ࣬ǰ㲻˵Ļ
һЦΪֻȾƴ˳Ӱ
֮ҡҡͷԶһӰһңԶץסӰ
𰲻ɵõͷ
СԳ֮һı鲻ԣεܵԱװˡ
˹˵Ļɵ÷ɳƵЦ
û뵽׵ʵȻƭ֮޴
㲻Ҳ졭
˹ͺŴһ˸ĻұƭʱǵؽףѾףҲƭ
ΣǱߣͱ˵顣
˹
֮ĬǹⶺЦ
ҿҪˣʱ䲻࣬ѵֻͷң
̧ͷԼǰ;ãһκͳֱ֮һҲ֪Ƿɵ鸴ӡ
ôʱʲô£̫˷ʱˡ
ˮһڣ֮΢΢׵ӣˮݸ
һϸʲô
ֽ֮ӹͷȥͻȻüһ顣
һ𰷢գ𿾵ģԼϵˮٿܼžĻ͵˵Ļ
ָһˮϡ
ĺһˮǸҺȵģ
һ㶣ǸĻǸ˭ģ

Ī㲻߲̫鷳Ժ̫ԶҾӻͦá껹ͦů͡
֮Ĭһ£ǽǸӵһЦΪһ죬û뵽
ͷ˭һͳ顭Ҳ˵ҡ
δ䣬Ϳ֮͵عһڡ
һ
ˣϣһ˯ѣҵǰ󡣡
𰣺
˹ɵۡ
лҪ˵Ϊףղعһǰʮ۶Сѽ

 50 

֮һˮȥ, ˲١
һ, ϽԼ˸䣬۾һ͵ز˯
𰿴֮һھ֮󣬾תͷؿԼɵĪ
ôˣˮ̫ˣǲ
֮ҡҡͷĪЩɳƣ
ǡҾˮӦùˡ
ĺһʱ, üʹԼǿŵҩҩǿ, Լ׵ʵҲӦֿܵһʱ, һʱ̫Ĭá
뵽, ˮ, оʱ˿ǻصĳ, ѾģѾ겻ᣬȻϻǱţɵģ
𰡣
ţ̧ͷ
֮ĺһ֪֮仹ôľһʱ֮ȫҲܡҲ̫࣬Ѿܿˡ
Ȼ𰲻̸, ôӡȿҲǲһáõķ
ЩĪһ£Ϊ֮˵ԼȰȥ縺ε£ʱԼĻûʲô󲻵ģֵöԷôж, Щص
ʵ˵ôأʵʲôûȫҪ㸶ô˵ĻҡҲֲ˼ġ
֮Ը⸶
𰿴Щģ΢΢죺
ôˡ֮ܰ˼θߣΪףؾССô;Լڵڶ͸塣
΢΢۾ڷ
֪ǰûĻΪ׽ˣΪֵõˣһվϸɽۣ֮ͻᷢû˼һЩ¡
һľ磬Ϊ˵ҸöŬ뷨ɵֲʵʡ
Ȼ뷨ʵһֱˣںͺദǼԽԽ
Դ磬׶Ľ̵
ʱֻһҲгէԭ򣬻սսûȥ
ڳ֮Ҳž񣬲ûҪʲôֱ˹磬֪˹δǺüԼѿ˹Ҫ̫ƫʹ֮ǰҲҪɱˡ
Ȼһ˵̫СҲ͹˿˹ĺ⣬ûܻѿ˹
磬ʶԼСֻŵ㡣
ֱ⼸˶ߣŲԼӰǶǺ޻ǰǶӰ졣
ر磬ԭﵽճΪˣ֮δĽֶ˵ʲôֻӦǾȿѡĴڡ
úһɵ˷ʱϡ
ԣȰǷܷϣ⼸Ҳֵá
֮ͷģΪҸԸ
šüΪ˴ҡǸŬ
ֻ֮һ
𰣺
˰֣ˡ
Լ˵ʲô˶ܳȥʵǲϡ
֮ԣ϶Լ˵ʲô
ֻϸһ룬ԼҲǱģ̬ȣû˵ʲô
šһüʱ׹
˵һ仰
һˣһΪ˵ˣڷԼ֮ǰҲŮһ
ǿ
𰣬ģ˽һᵣΣʧ
˵ţ̧ͷĿƵؿ
һΪֵεˡ
𰲻ɵһЦʲôáҪôͺͷ
ʵţһ˵ĳɹ벻ʱ˺ͣһӢ۵ĳɹҲ벻˵𰸴һЦ֮ѾôˣͲҪ˵Ρ
֮һͷ
һܲԽԽ󣬴ϸưô꣬͸ıϣ߻䡣
ʱ궼棬ԲεĿյڣֻлѵϵĻ緢ž
ůͷĳϮ
ʱ˿̣ûҩЧӳ֣ҲӦ˯ӿʱ򣬵֮ʱ˿ûһ˿˯ⲻ˵ԽԽ
Ǻʮ̳ĸ⻨ƣʹ˼ʼʣġ
ѵԼʵر˻ܼôʱ䣿
֮һʱһʱӡ
ˮЩؿ˿
𰿴˿ɫֿ˿֮ɫͦŲǰ취ǵʱ䲻ˣá
㲻˵
֮
𰣺
ͷһˮˮ׺˸⡣
꣬˸ãԼһ˯ⶼûС
ѵԼĿֲ˹
𰣺ܿǲǻ̫ʢˣ
˵ţҪѻŪСһ㡣
֮ϽסáȥҲ䣬ֻǡ䡣
ûйϵû¾ͺáҿһɫףһɫ죬ǲ˷ˣҪ岻еĻϢɡ
ûвУ
֮ҧػأһôʱٲסɾҪԼˡ
ͳ⻨ƣĿ࣬ᵽζ۾ˣ˴֣û˼Ҫ
֮￴Сһ٣ҲҪȣ
еڶ̳Ļ
֮룬ӿռóһ̳ЩǸ׼ģʮϣûĺúȡ
ԾԾԣоƺȾУ˭ġ
˵ţ̳һڣ϶ʱӺ
£´¶ĺ
֮ĺһ
𰣬ұ֤Ժ̳⻨ƺȣֱȹΪֹ
ĨһͣȫĸҪ㿳⣿
ֶ̳ھͺãյ˺һ̳Ҳ˴ţҪǹڳǾͲˡ
֮Ѿһ⣬Ϸ¾̳һͷ
ԣܻ¡
𰿴΢գףڲЩԾϺ֡
Ŀ˹΢΢ۡ
һ
ǷһŮʶ˵Ĳ⡣
˹ɳƵĵЦ ΪûһֶΡƵŮˡôܻᱻƭһǹװɵס
˵ֻһצµͱôҵĿǷΧ֮ڡ
֮һ㶣֣֣
ѵԼֵ̫ԣƻգ
룬ǶԷ̫ԼĻ˵ÿһ仰ࡣ
ɲãǾͲǳ֮ˡ
ǵ
֮ʵԲôҡǰûбŵˡûз˴ι̫С𣿡
̧ۣ֮ϲǰң
ʧЦôֳϲˣֻǡ
˵ˡ
֮ģֻҪһ϶Ϳˡ
𼸸ǰŭĿܹƽ죬ѾǺܴĽˡ
Ӧøţſ˵Ĺϵøá
³һڴϢ΢΢һЦ
ΪԲŻСģģֻǰϳû˻ҶЩһš
һȻؿ
£ͫ΢΢
ưõĴУůĻǰضӡ
ذƺֻ˵ĺ
СſԱ˯ˣ˹İɵûۡ
ĻҴʱѡոй١
ô˵
˹ع
ҺкηֱĿǰȨҪ๣
˵꣬Ҳףʱ˿õѡǷոй٣Ρ
ϾǰδޣҲĳˣİ޼ĸӦ
ȻձۣǰҲֳһ档
Ҳһҹ
շħޣ·˱꣬˲òͣҰһҹ
𰴩Űɫ屻ܵ΢ʪɫףסشź
Σſ˫£Լ¡
ҹҲڸǲס΢죬Ĭ˯һҹ
֪ΪΣʹû࣬˹ؿҲһۣƺ͸Ͽ޾ҹա
һѵûз
ڳĳĬУ˵˸񷢳
ǵһԽʶݰ롣Ȼ޷ħܺùԴС
˹˲ͷ
á
ͳ֮ӣϻΡ
ʱ䲻ˣϢɡ
֮Ҳ밡ǲ
ѵʱҪװ˯ɣ
ƺĶҪеߡ
Ҫҵɲݵ£֮
У
˵ţͳһ񻨴󴲡
𰿴Ŵ۽һ顣
ջȥĪؾ͸оȫһ䣬Ǳʲôһо۽Ƿȣɵ۾ǵֵס
֮ۿͨ죬һ
𰣬ôˣ
ҡҡͷһͷ͵ؿһӰվԼǰ
΢ӣ۵йһ⣬ĺڷǰǺƬףϵı̫һİҹ
ǿ˹
𰣺
ô죬ʱþ̳ԼԴһ»ü
лҪ˵һ׽

 51 

˹, һ, Ҳǿ鷨ʦ
ʹ״̬ҲǷâ¶©ơ
վǰ
𰿴оԼĺǱһ̳ϣľˡ
ֱؿǰ棬ȫǿ˹Ӱ
˹˲֪ж, ˫ƽǰ, Ҳֻܿ԰׵ǡ
ڱ, ɺƵƣצ, ؼıԵ̽һ㡣
ϵ׵, ڿ˹ʿʱ, ʹ׸
ʱǰ׽ɫŸ߹ʥࡣ
ֱ黯鷨ʦ׾֮úں죬ӵа
ֻڵעϣǿ˹ϡ
̧ͷ͸оԷϵѹʵ, һ˲䣬·һͰˮϣоԼȵǵȫӷûôĿ
ڿ˹ӰͬʱʶԷ״̬, ȻҲƣΪԼܹõꡣ
ֻڲǾʱ
ǰǿ˹ǳ֮һ˶ϡͻᱻը̻ɡ
뵽һ
װ
֮סϽʣ
𰣬ôˣ
գ۾ӲǴ˹Ȼص
û£ұ۾
֮һͷ͸ı֣ѵʧЧˣ
˵ţҪӹһ㡣
Ͻ˰֣òãǵʡŵðɡ
˵꣬о۽ǻЩȣ۾ǰȴŵ񻨴󴲡
𰣺
Ŷˡ˻ǰһŵ񻨴󴲡
ŴŽأϻźޱʣʣ󣬼װĸ
ֻϢѣôĴɣ
عͷ֮һ
ǰһʦ͵Ϯңҷɱ֮ռҵҩʱ˳ߵġȫⴲȥа
ĪôʱЩ죬ҲɤЩɣһ̧ۣͿ˹վ棬ޱؿԼ
ȡȿȿȣ
㱻ԼĿˮǺоͷĶ׹ڱ˲˸¡
ᣬ֪Ϊʲô˹ܳؿֻǵѾôΣֹܷյıܻеģ̰צջ
ҡҾЩ̫ˡ
֮ҲⴲȷʵЩʣȻǳı⣬еΡ
Цһ£ȻѴջȥһƶĵӣһ͵Ľűߣ
ͣҲһּеķ
״ĵƮߣСĵ
֮˺üѹȥϵȶȣ
㡢ϲͺá
˵ţ΢΢𰣺
𣿡
е㡭Ϣɡ
ȥͿ˹΢΢̧ۣ˫۵йһ⣬΢΢˫ۣԼ
ɤӿڣѸٵصͷͫ׾亹˲ʪ͸˼
˹ʲô
ѵҪһоƨµƶ䣿
ýֺͷ붼ܣѵǿǰȥ̲ϾҪɱ
Ҳħ
ҪȻǿ˹Դ
ȥҲ벻˹Ŀġһڹ꣬ǾܾԼǷȥģϾ˹ǰ˲ͬƫִϱǰüѪͫףⱲҲʶҪ֮ĺ⡣
жģҪΪ˹ͳ֮һԴ׹ǾԼ顢Կǻˡ
ôţеΣиʢۿſ˹ͬҹ飬һ˹Ͻվҡңһǲˡ
֮ʣˣ
ᣬȻҸطҲˣҪɡ
䣬˹ֹסٶȿ
һֻ׼ԵʨǱػزݴƴ
֮ǰķ֪뵽ʲôЩƣôСȷʵáȥ
оԼǱһֻ޶ϵ֪Լͷװ·ֻصĵط
֮º󣬿ɫʱɫˣڻ˯⣬ĥһ˸ô죿
ҪٹԼһھƣȴƶûˣɵáһ
̾һѵҪԼװ˯
ҪȻ˵أ
ܶԷôʾҪ˵ˣǲΣ
ôţתͷȥ𰣬ȴϣǾᡣ
ʱ˾ģһˣҪ˵
𰣬˯ˡ
عһͷ㡭úϢ
˵ţֲֻڣҲ˯ˡ
֮һ˯ܿ죬Ǳ۾Ρ
۽鵽˹˵
Ҳǣһ˯žʲô֪ˡ
֮һŽëۡ
ҲۣĬ۲ĲȻ˹ûɱǾǻǵ˵ĳŵʱһʱ͵ҪԼ鷳
ôţرۡ
ΣоԽԽأǰȴǾԼ׹˱ߡ
ţе綼ų⣬Ǹоշ
ϵͳʱ
ϵͳ߳Ϊ񡣡
湦ߡ
棡˹ǰֻԶ
𰣺
棡ֻԶ
һ飬༸ɤӿڡ
𣺱ˣǧҪ
Ȼ˹ź
ԶһԶ
Ϳ˹ֻһȭͷľ롣
𰣺
ҧסѼӵݼһϣԼĶҪװƽȣ۽ĪַգӲذ˻ȥ
֪װ˯ҲһôѶȵļ
ÿÿ룬ݼҪ󼸺ȷԼÿһ缡ϡ
о˹ǰȻţǹ˲
˵Ĳڱ۵ͬʱ󡭡
ᣬòϵͳ
ͳڸʲôܸ𣿡
ϵͳ
ڿ㡣һؿ㡣
۵޳ǲڿҵļƣôµ
õȨȣǵ
𰱯ߣص𣿡
˹վǰյκ죬΢΢ۡ
һ˸񷢳
˯ȥȫ֪һװ˯ʱܶ֡
˹û˵
ǸҹҲĳ£˯ú޷
ǵСС壬ΪԭӣΪëůκ졣
̶ֻʮ꣬⸱˯£ȴ˯ڱ˵ߡ
㱵̧֣ȥ
棡˹ľΪһ硣
𰣺


 52 

һ磿ôǸһ磿
𰾪ˡ
Ϊôա
ʱһ, һ, ۽һ飬ĪԼǱһ贩ʹ֪˹ֻ壬ʹ֪ûʲôǸоԼļ⽩ˡ
Ҫʲô
𰿪ʼֻˣڸ, Ҳû취ָͷ, ץӸεغ, ֱҪ̫ˬ
ϵͳڸ
˹Ѹٵջ֣ȻԼַ
һ, ϵͳ
ڰĿƵϡ
𰣺
ɱ˲ôģ
˭ֱӰκҲ̼ܲˣ
һ, ֮ȥ˯, ҲûĽŲɵĵ 
ֻɵϣκ죬ƺ˯ˣһ㺹
һž뵽, ղûйò˯˰ɣ
ǶԷʾôãôܻڹؼʱ˯ţ
תһ룬ԸҲǲܡ
ϸ˿Ȼһ㶡
Ϊ˯տƳ, ʵ΢΢ָ÷ס
ԭںߡ
֪֮ǸλǸһ
˿ɫȻʱһЩҪϧ
ȻŮ֣ó˵һЩˡ
뵽һһһ𰡣
֪ΪΣԽǰ߾ԽΧЩ䣬ĿϣҲû⡣ 
ǰ
𰣬֪û˯
𰣺
֮ⱲӸƲ
Լ˯˯úúõģҴﰡﰲװ𣿣
ס֮˵껰Ͻߡ
֮ûзӦɵһЦ
֪Ǻߣװ˯ҸղſָڶҾ֪ˡ
˲䣬͸оһ
𰣺
磬ǲǿ˯̫ģ
ǿ˹ľȱɣ
ᣬѺĿʣȻϵͳ
ͳܸܲڵ
˹ˣƺڹ۲㡣
𰣺
ˣ˰ɣ
ģʹ˹֪װ˯Ҳûʲô⡣
һ£ҲοԼ˹Ҳ֪Լ֪ܿΣǲۣǲϣ
ƽС֮ûĻػʱû˵ǾĲ˼ˡ
һЦ
𰣬ȻһѾԶ
𰣺
֮һ֪ǿҪӣ롭һҿԵ㡣
˵ţҳһҩҩζ˲ɢ
һװҲ˳֮ĲԾ̾ۡ
۵һ˲䣬ͿѵҩһϽסʲô
֮ҩٳһŰ
ֻǿ۾ͻȻ쵽˲ԾǼһ
ᣬⵤҩҲ̫˰ɣ
ԡղǺˮΪʲôûг
֮ŵϵˮڸоЩมˮ档
Ӳؿ𰣺ղŸҵǺˮֻˮ𣿡
ʱҲܲԱߵĿ˹ˣĪص
ˮʲôѵ¶ɣ  
֮
һһüġ
Ժзٵػһղŵ£ƺһеĲԾ˽͡
ֲܾ̬̫Ȼֲܿ¶Īı飬ֲЩǲ̫졭
ԭһжˡ
𰿴֮޿ҩӣʣ
ôҩˣ
̧֮ͷӲһѪЦŵʧߡ
ʧҲܳ
䣬۽Ǿ鵽˹Ѿ΢΢Ŀתؿöҩ
𰺦¿˹ʲôϽѳְ֮£
ҩ̫ˣ㻹ǲҪˡ
˵ţԶջһƬԭˡ
ˣҲ˯ˡȥúϢɡ
֮Ϳ˹Իͷʡ
ʱ磬ϼʣȺ˵ϣ֮ĳԣֱͦıµ硣˹΢΢̧ۣںӰ˲Ѥãָ⣬԰׵ձϼȾѪɫ
һۣԲԼͬתͷ
һһĬ
һ˲ͷ
֮ҡ̾˿ҵ̫ʱ䣬װ˷һϡ
˷ѣ㲻ǺһȾ𣿡
ͷûĻһǱء
֮һЦһеô
˵ţųϼֻǿϧûоƣҪȻ֮ǰܺһ
һ˹壬˿յǰ
ʱ򣬲ҪƣֻҪؿžͺˡ
˹룬Ҳվߡ
˿Żĳƺ뵽ҹ֮һǸ糿Ҳƺ뵽ɽͬһҹľơ
ĬǶԹõĻ
ͫҲȾ˳Ⱥ죬һ֮Ķߵ
𰣬ҪˡģһһŬǰֻ֮ȤҲ޶Ϊ㡭ҲΪԼһﵽ
𰿴ųصһͷ
Ƭ̣߻Ʈһӫ⣬һתͷͿ֮Ѿˡ
Ĭһᣬ˰۽ǵĹȣһͷͿ˹ӿ
ֱȥС
𰣬֪ܿҡ
һ
ҧû˻˯ԺС
˹е
㡣Լ˸ߣû˵
˹սȭͷҧһ˲ɢһɽԼ
һֱСһߡ
û뵽ȴô಻εؽ⿪˹һָ߸ϡ
Ҷˡ
𰣺
лҪ˵˹ëҵ˽۵Ļrua

 53 

˹ؿ, û˵
ҲĬؿ, һ
ˣ̯ĶӾѾˡ˵ղŻ̬һת۾ԷҪԵġ
һȦϣȥʣһͷӵ
԰ɡ
˹Ҳܶ 
𰣺
ľͷ˺һС飬Ȼ͵˹ߣ
԰ɡ
˹, ˯һ޵С, û۾ŵʳ, Ժߵſ죺

𰣺
˹ؿڣķԡ
졣˹΢΢¶ԼؿС
СﱻĿɨ, ͵ش˸ۡ
һתͷ, Ϳ˹ؿԼ
Сëһը, ֱڵļϣ
𰣡С¡
һСͷëؿſ˹ҪŻСҾͲˡ
˹
ĵ׵ĳЦ 㿴ڸһֻ񡣡
˹ҧ˵ҪҺһֻȡұȲһֻΪ𣿡

Сس˹һ
˹, ﷢еĵͺ𣬸΢΢ſ죬͸оԼһȣѾͷ
ָԼһɨ, һʳ㡣
˹ɵˡ
Ͻ԰ɣҺ·
Сļš
˹ર죬۰ѸɰͰ͵ͷ¶ǣȻ
СӳӣСҲҪ
ΣһһڵذͷˣȻҪѿ˹òϡ
˹忿ЩӲ
һ˸
˹Ϊһ鷨ʦıһŮ˰ڲ𣿡
˹һ㶣˲ֹ𰣺
㲻ҰİΪҽðҷų
εؿų
ųȻͦɰģûô£
Ҫòϣհȥ˹ſ죬Ͻ
úúãˡ
˵ţɴòϣֻ¶һ˫۾Ȼڻ
˰ɣ
˹̧Դֻǿ۾ǿ⡣
Цվ棬Ϊ˹۲磬ȥ۲Ůˡ
˹һ£ֻĽ飬úù۲Ůҵв£ǱӰˡ

𰱧ը.ٶ·
û˷ֻòСû취֮ǰˣ޷ģֻڵϼѻˡ
ֻߵһڣ˶Ŀ˹ͶĿ⡣
˹ۣһ³ȥϽסͣͺ
˰Һ𣿰һвУ
˹۲˵
û˵ĵطɿ֡
˹ЦҲһ֮ϵʥŮΪλЩࣿ
ʱͬգˣҪĹ򡣡
򣿡
˹ЦƵġ
˹Ͼһīسɹ棬ͱһѻ
ͷ˵öԡ
Щ˵ҪԿ⣬ڻңķҲǸϵͳǿȻ˫׶ѡ
˹ɺ۾ɨˡ
ֱϸ۲磬Ϥ֣İƷһж˵ЩӦ
ֻصǰʹٶĳҲ˵ˡ
ߵԺͷǵ·ڣھȻؼһȥԺԶԶؾں
ʦã
ʦ㣡
ǰһѿ˹ˣʦ㡢ʦܣ
һᣬƥǰ񡢷׿͵һ
ʦãôʱ䲻ţԺﶼ֪֪
ӵһ£Լ·ϵôʱҲûи˱ƽɵЩΡ
·Щ¡ˣҲԡ
ۿе죬ݺݵһ£ѾͷǵˡҺͷԺΪġ
̾ʦ㣬ôʱûţһΪĸҰ˵Ĵˡ
𰣺
ûҰ˵ĴϣȴҰצ¡
Ҵˣȥء
ͻȻﱧŵĶɵú֣
ʦ㣬㱧ʲôú֡
һ㶣ͷѾ۵Ŀ˹һ£
·ϼĲޡ
ʲôޣ˹ǰôû
ۿſ˹Ҫſ죬ٶס졣
׵ģ
һΣ˹ָһڡ
𰣺˻
׸Ͻջ֣춼ûкָ⣬ٿ˹ɵ÷Ц
ûأʲô׵ġ
𰰵ǲ֪ҪˣǵС嶼ġ
ŷûûصģһҪ˿˹ճ˸ɾͲˡ
Ǿ棬ֻһͷͿ˹ؿָ۲֪ʲô
һ㶡
ʦãû¾ͺáʱ䲻ˣǻʦŰɡ
룬ڲɽҵǿ˹ȥ
ʦ㣬ҾȲȥˡҰҿԺʦˣٶ뼸٣ؼҿһĸ
ʦƣôͻȻؼˣҶ߼з˺£
ҡҡͷԼĻĿ˹պͬž۵ϲ嵭˲١
֪֮˹֮ܶᷢʲôܻᵱɱҲܻߣֻһ֣ǰ׼
Ͼĸĸദ˿ʮ꣬һԵؾҲ̫ˡ
ǵ
û£Լԭ򡭡
ߣͷԼ£Ҳʡֻģ۷ʲôҺͷԼʦţĺܡ
𰱾뵭¶ԼӰ죬һʦô˵ۿͺˡ
˵ͷʦ㣬ġһᴦá
̾װ
ʦ㣬ء
˵ͷ
˵ӰʧڹٵվϦ֮£Ӱɳһߡ
С˲䡣
˹̧ͷ°ʹľӨ˶צӣʲôû˵
͵Ϳڣ
Ϥ磬һôϵǰӡ
˹˫ش
Ӧûǵǰѧϰʱ⡣
𣿡һ˸ЦֻΪƵĻѡѾһʦ㣬һʦܡǵڹ͢͡
һ˸˶٣һӣ
"˵ѩ򣿡˹ǿһ˫ŰɴŮӡⲻʹ£֮⣬Ӳʯ
һ˼թãֵñ˻
˵꣬뵽ԼҲ˵һ˼ϲ⡢ֶεŮˡ
Ȼڡ
˹˫ֻвʱ䣬ֻҪʱһȻὫߡ
ʱ˶ǸھЩֻͽհˡ
ֱؼңΪ˵Զߵҹֻߵһ롣
ʵССϢһ£߽һѻ˰Աߡ
ƺֶԵֻǺദ˲һ죬ϡ
ѿ˹ŵһߣСﱳſ˹˯¡
˹űգЩӦ־Ĭ
ƺ
һ˸˵
Ϊʲôҵ˹ۣʹһʼҪɱʱҲûûж˵һ仰Ƕ𣿡
㲻ĸ顣˵˸ӵɱԼᷴҪʹ࣬ͻ
˹һ£ǿ΢΢תۣ𰡣
С΢΢ʹҲü
ʵһ˸Ļ˵ķֱ֮Ҳ
Լĸױ䴩ţһϢԼǰĿֻţԾ޴ɽȴֻԼһĹ¶
ǡԼ黯Ϊ鷨ʦʱԱԨ뵽ϵһʱ˼
ҹգǰϻιԷɬպ̧ʱ˫
Ĭһ
𶯣жƺ쵽ʲôԷ־ʣҶһ¡
һŨСѳڿ˲һ޴ġ˫֮Ӱ
˹צ˵ϣһ۰
ʱһͷ­СĵߵԱߡ
ƺߣ͸κ죬֪޾
˹ĬؿһᣬȻڽ͢ʱСĵߣԼĻ
޴΢΢չصϡ
һΣǡ˹ǡ˹˭û˵
컹ûٶȳ
˯һʱ;þòˡԺСں󾱣ְѡ˯Ŀ˹ڻֿʼ·ˡ
ֻһΣǱʲôһܵ÷ɿ죬Ӳõܵҡ
ѵÿģͷ
ϵĿ˹岻ɵ÷һЦ
磬ڻص˷ǡ
СĵطҲһе㡣
·Сʱɽɵûһ¡
ǾǰҲûȥġ
ҴǰһţͿĿ˹Ŵš
Ѿһˣϣܸҵʱ䡣
˹ͷҴ˵㻰
˴š
ŵǼҶ𰣬һ㶣͵ش󺰣
үˣСˣ
Ⱳӵĵĸ׽η׼ϸĸģʽ
ȻԵŮȴе塣
Ϊ˽֮£˺ôһƢ͵ϾԺ˳ڲ˼ϵűá
þòʹҲɵúۿοǸԵηѿ޳ˡ
ѵη䣬ϸϸʱ䷢ʲô£ôͻȻͻˡ
ԼֻЩۣϡ
˹⣬ʹúԶҲеʡ
üۣһת飬ԼצѾܶˡ
η飬Ժʵ˸顣
ô£ǲ֪ܲηСʣ
Ů𡭡Ĳˣ
𣿡˹һ֣˭ѵߵǸˣ
ͱˡҺѾˡ
η̾һ̲סߣҵŮôôడҪһɾôôѣ
ΣǶģԹ졣
ηĨĨ᣺Ů£¸Եǣڣʱһɫһɾ
𰣺
Ȳ˵ʱܲڣ˵Լ˭Ҫ
ôţûдԼڴǿͷ
ģġ
˵ţһλҲΪʦҪҳȥһܳ񣬿һʱᶼزǶҪء
η˰֣ʦŵ²ܵ飬㲻ڼҵѾϰˡ˵á¸Եǣû
ӣҾ
η˵˺һỰһٶ뿪˼ҡ
ţſ˹۾Ȼ뱧˲վҡҡλεǰߡ
ҿԼߡ
ΣۿмҶҪȥͰ˻
ڸܶһŻ˱ô죿
˵ţƭСԼͿ˹ҪҪ̸š
Сһ£
һͷһſ˹ɽ
ʱɽˣ޶١
ѿ˹ڵϣһƨĶ档
Ҫһȥ
Ȼ
˹۾𰣬ʱ㻹Ҫ𣿡
һ£ûСʵڿĵһ۾֪ұɡֻѡ
ʼֿ֪ж£Ҳȥڳĵǵ
룬ڳ˿˹ģȻһ޷ƽϢŭǾ
ûɣôǰ껹ڣͽһӻһú
ҲʧˣϵͳҲܿ˵ķϸĸĸҲ
һ棬Ҳһڡ
ˣ˵Ҳص죬µǵ˰ɡ
һΪ˻ֶεŮˣΪ˻죬ƭ˶ʵֻ㲻ܶ
֪
˹ɳƵؿڡ
һ㶣֪
˹ô֪ܲ˳õĶҩ첻һ㷴ӦûС
ΨһĽ;ǣƭ
ûв𴩣Ϊ
۽ǵκ죬һ£ڣ
ֻҪú㱻вǱģѡ
𰲻ɵÿЦ̾һ㿴ˣڿµúܡ
˹ⰵһ£û˵
̧ͷ֮ϵƣָо
ʱ䵽ˡ
۾оħһһӿȫ
Χ磬һͻȻһɳƵĿЦ
̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽һҵδްɣ
һһתͷͿһġȭͷСĺ̤ǳ֮ˣȴɱǼֵ˷ܵؿ
ͷԣ˭
ߣӱǿһ
𰣿
Ҳǣ
ССﾹƭңִӾͿ㣬ʱߣ
һ㶣Īģ
һģҲ֪
˷ЦҲ֪ץס㣬Ӿ֪ˣ
𰿴ǰУϽϵͳ
ϵͳô£
ǳԵʮ¡ΪһܣҪϵĴؼʮɱУѰ𲻵ãҪץױƳû뵽ͻȻصǣʮɱжϡ
𰣺
ôôù
ۿʮɱ³һڴѪȵϢƵĴԼᣬǰǺл˭ð
ֻʵѡǿߵٶȲܷӦģֻǿƫͷ
ɢȳϢǰͻȻһХһ˲䣬ʲôѣɽҡضް
ʮɱе͵ͣסˣȫķţ亹ɴ£˼ؿĺ󷽡
һֻռ˰ɽͷľͷƬͬҽʯ˫һһƹȣ˳ɢŲҰ׵Ĺ⡣
ͷɺ۾ǰ
㾹Ҷҵˣ
һʮɱеĿ.ɵһ̲ɫˮϵķҲֻüһҽУ˲䣬˹ľצѹһ̲Ѫˮ
͵תͷ
˹תӴ壬Χڻ
ʱѾˣӴѾʼצɢ
𰡣
ͷ
һ£̧ͷ
ɽ罫ȹҲģ˵ߡ
˹΢΢ͷֻһȭֻ֮Ҫ̧־ıǼ⡣
³ޣûж
˹ĺ﷢ĵ֪Ǵߴٻǽۣ꣬͵ػһ׵ӣƽ𰣺Ҫˡ
𰲻ɵúˣҡ֪
˹Ѿɢˣ޷㣬һͲôˡ
˵ţؿһۣӰɢ
𰿴ſյɽͷµľ޴צӡþûز  

յš
˵֪ʮɱϮ£еǸѾɱʮɱеĵӣ֮ȫͻ
𰰵Щľ鶼ûʲôãȤ
ֱһ䣺¸һ
𰣺
лҪ˵һ׽

 54 

ҹ, ɲ, ʬɢһأѪһӣش̨¡
ʮŮ˿޺ŴӰվɽſڵľ˿˸ͷײײɽ
ûлͷǹڵ, ʯ, ŲãҹճĬ
ҹι, ƺʲôڿ޺ӻͳɰ, ӲӲ΢΢һЩ
ԭӦڰ֮ĺڷկ, Դǰʮɱȥ֮, ̻Ŀĵء
ȺͽնݳҲܷеľʯ
ָ⻹Ѫ˲Ļƣֻܸſظ
ֻ뿪˼죬͸о˼ʱ޿̵裬ÿҹ, ֻữΪ΢Һ壬ѪҺȫ
ȥߡ
Ȼ֪ԼȻǽܣ޵С
ֻ, ܱ֤ǰ²ٷ
뵽еĺɰ΢΢һǡ
ƺǣң͸Ѹ١
ԤУ¸¿ܾԼͻƵʱ
𰣬ҡ

˹صԼ硣
ۣǰһƬߣ˹͢ѩ׵ĳǽ֮⣬նɺġ
֣һȨȻسУΧĿʱһ
ȨȵĶһͨɫʯͷ氼͹ƽǼȡǧ˵Ѫֹ졣
Ǿġ
ɱ˵֮󣬶Լġ
Ȼȴûн·ŻšԴڳ֮ΪⱲĺ͸飬õĶ
ȨϵģȻʱؿڵʹ
ɵЩԻѵĶûˣҲʹ
һ˸񷢳ĳЦ"ô֮޴ȥ𣿡
˹ع񣬵
ᡣõĶΪתħͱɳȻãҾͲΪ˼
Ǿͺá
һ˸Ϊ죬ᱻӰ
˹ɳƵصⱲӶҲһӰ졣
˵꣬Զײײ£ľãѩ
ʱԥԥһͣ߹˶һݣ
ˡ
˹ۣˡ
Ϊ֮ɪɪȹ
ˣʧ죬вֵķʦʼǷȥ
Ⱥ˹ӲдѾ򡣡
ʱѵ˿ǼԸ׷ȥ
˵ţͳذףҪڲǰ
ѩ̲ס޵ڵأ
ˣҲĲ
Ϊ֮üͷһ壺ѩΪʲô˵Ļ˵Ϊһѻѵһ𣿡
ѩʣĲҲЩͼͽһ𡣡
˵ţϥ˹ĽűߣˣͿΪ˫۵ķϣһɣ
˹ӣ۾ɴϡ
˵ͺ𣺡˫۾ˣͱҽµİ׹ˣ
ۿżҪ˹΢΢̧֣˲ڵɪɪ
˹תſյĹֿɺգɳƵص
һ֡
˶ʱһ㶡
˹һº󣬵Ҵһ˻ʱһǰ𡣡
һˣ
ʲôˣѵεʧйأ
ֻѩоԼɵһ
һ˸
˹ѾӰļƻ
˹һԼȨϵģšüͷ

Դյ֮󣬾һֱ̻̲
ӣһԲ֮ҹǺͳ֮ӡ
ǻļʺСϾרô״ﵽ
ʱͻԵ⣬Ҫԭ˭ûŪף϶ᾲĴԼ硣
ĻʵҲûʲôµġ
˵Ҳ˵ˣþܾҲܾˣദҲֻ΢һζѡ
ܵľǿ˹
Ͼ˵ҪɱˣǾͲֹը̻⣬´ҵ⡣
˹һžͲȱһ״ܣôױ򵹵ˣ
Ȼ˵ϵͬ治һֵܷĳӮ
޵䣬ôĻۼǧ书ڻͨһ
˹޵ħܻʹ鷨䣬һá
ƽľͲֹһɽ춼Ҫͱһ
һ뵽ֳͲһԲ鷢
һòϵͳ
ϵͳڵ׸ô죿ֲҲˣҲе鷳ɣ
ϵͳ
صģڿ˹ֵʱҾѾ뵽˽졣һŬǿʱձݣÿ˹״񡣡
ʱһ
ֻǡ
뵽˹֮ǰɺӣЦһ
ȻֱҺܿģҪ֪»÷衣
ֻһΣ˽һɲ˹в
ɽϣƯİƣɵۣ
Ҳˣſһ̵ңôҲ¡ҵȷʵƭĸ飬ҲڳģôƫִӣⱲʧһҲͷ֮ޡ
Ԫͳֵ֮ʱҲô۹
𰲻ɵһ㶣ʲô˼
ϵͳһ£ҵ㣬ûдĻһеķע˽ǣ֮֮
һǰǵӣڵ㺬Ҳ֪Ҫϵͳʲôá
׺ϵͳô꣬ô˵Ҳο˺ܶࡣ
תͷſߵССԴ
ʹô˵ֲ׵ĲһԼȽϺһ㡣
˵꣬˸
ڲڷǣҲϾԺǴС㵽档
ϾȥҲԺͬš
СţҲֻŰ˯СŲ֪ܰͻȥͲɵ̾
ԴһͿ˹ȥ֮͸ӦʲôԺʹ粽ظǳһջ˦
ССԴ
ֻ˰СӦվڸɾߣݵնħŶԣڸԱ˯ʲôã
Сર죬̶С˲䣺
СҪš
ӣöͷСС壺
õ㱣Լëûгȫء

СԳԺȺͣͣҲΪԼܶùµԲ֮ҹû뵽ʮյǰһ죬ͻȻյĸײصϢ
ͷƤһըɽȥ
ǿ򶨣Сطɱ
һͣ㣬ͻص˷ǡ
ȶֱ£ûü͡顱ذҵĴõֱ죺
ţ
صĴż飬С￴۽ͨ죬ŷȥ
뵽ñ򿪣͵رûü죬ǰͻȻһȺѾߣ͵ذӵط䡣
ˣô£
η̣ҡҷشŸ첲Ѿߵ.ºݺݵһѣ
ѾͷҾ֪ҲƲǲġ
תͷû
ηһЦô㵱ǸĴǳص𣿡
ּҽлʲô
ηָһĶͷҲ˵Լܻ˽ʲôˣԵǣڣ
᣺ûأ
ηЦŮˣʼĻˣΪûԺȥû
𰣺
ηñСﻹޣŤȥĲ¥
¥ˮһٵĺˮһֵȺչ˱
ǵԵǣбϦʢŮ׵Ľա
һ죬ǻŽءظ衣
ŮŮڻ¥֮ϣ¥Ů滺УľͰϵĻϡ
ǶԷͬ⣬Ҳǿ˿ۣǾŻ¥һӴ
ôʢĽգȻֹڵıð¶귽ʮˣûŵԵӣ˳ô˻ηϣܲϸˡ
ͷزͬ¶ֻͷһ΢ƵСڷвۡ
ϣ˸ǷѵüһαãͶ࿴ۣԼͷĻԼвܻͷ䡣
СȴǺϲͣԴϲ˰죬Ҫѡ
ηǸͷŸͲһ
㿴㣬û໹һֻŮӵӣٿãͲ
¶΢΢һЦôúͱȣڰ
𰡰ǡһ
ηض˵
㱾ΪڳѣֺͷӽܳϹϵû档һԵǣǶôõĻᰡٲģⱲѵҪ¶𣿡
𰰵¶Ͼ͹¶ϣ𰡱³ǹ¶ϡ
ֻԼⱲӵȴǲֱ˵ģֻǵðɡŬһ¹·ļҹӣҲϹۻῴأ
¶һЦ˵Цתһ飺ҲĪҪż㵱Ϳ۹ӸߣЩӵȻ벻ñۡ
ηһͣЩ̾˿
ҡͷԣ
öңҿϱˣҲҡ㻹ǶĲıõĻ°ɡ
䣬ͷϵһ껨͵׹Ӷ¥䵽һ¥
ηһǼȥ񣡡
ǻ»ˣһĸ˼ȥˣ϶ֳЦ
Ѿ߻Żŵ¥
ʲôһ껨ѡ
ڵķǱ˲ҲûҪ
ηɸֵԴ˳һƫͷȴͻȻһ㶡
ΪѾһ˼ͷϵĻ
һˣǣŰ
ºڷ
ƺǸӦߣ΢΢̧ͷµ˫ǵҲסľ
һ˲䣬ͷƤһը
С߾УС˧磡
лҪ˵ֻô

Ps һ׽

 55 

һ, ͷƤһը, Ӷ¥ȥ
֪Լ첻ô˳ǧ㻹Ƕ㲻𡭡
ΪСӻΪ˶ŵԭϻû뵽Ȼô󵨣ڰ͹ػ¿ɺˣԼƭ, Ǻײˡ
ڸô죿
װʶǹȻشк
ΪʲôҪôرʱ, Եǣڰ
, ʶذСץȻתͷ
ֻѾ, ¶ڿСĵһ, ɵЦ
, Ļ˼ˣҲһԵֻ֡ҿ棬·㻹СĵΪá
ηһ⻰ϽļҶȥ
ȥֲӸģôǼСĻ
Ҷ¥, һͻͷ
ˣˡ
ˣ
ηЩ䣬Ȼǹ컯գһ˻, ӡ˴ߣʵڲ˷½䱸
üҶǰˣ
֧ģ
̧ͷ΢΢һͷ
ǡɡ
΢΢ת䵽Լһŵϣһ
ˣҪ껨͵С
ηɤЩ죬ȴô벻üͷһ壺ʶҵŮ
¶СصԱڵͷȫûм˲֪İɣ
˵꣬ƺʶԼ˵˻¶ɵǿһЦֱڿ⡣
СĻһ̶Сۡ
η˵Ҳû˵ʲôҰ¶˵Ҳʵ
ʱǾʱתͷӵشһ𣬿ƲҲǸӡ
Ȼϳ𰣬Ҳ֪ǲǺŮǾʱ
ûֱӻش𣬶ϵҡ
ϵηתͷϲʶ
𰰵̾һҲܲˡ
װģ˵ֱӴԼݣװҲûʲô塣
תͷһʶɡ
΢΢ͷһϵĺ컨
ʹһߣƺҲܸӦЦɵЩڵӶ䡣
𻺻¥һ²˺ܶ࣬һ¥ڣ·еƺᵽ΢΢ѪȺҹ䵽֦Ҷ¡
컨ʯϣȴû˵
ηԽԽ죬ȴô벻ȣһ£
Ѿͷ˼Ҷˣôܽܰ
һȴ̧ͷ
룬Ȼ𲻿¶ݣ϶鷳ʱҲֱӴֻõ
Ժʶѡ
ѣ
ô涼¶
תͷ
ˣصģһʱ䣬Һ˵ϼ仰ߡ
ηͶЩ䱸ôһ˵͸ǲΣ˵¶ϽһߣСص
ʱ򻹿𣿡
ʲô
¶Сһ½ţָָɫ𰣬ָָĬżصղһֱ׵ִˣ˼Ҷˣ벻ͨ𣿡
ηȻԼŤŤĹŮٿһֱ߷ԼŮϵ꣬Ȼʡ
ֲղôڣֱֲ¥ԭŮõģ˼һˣ
ηһʱϲһʱǣϲԼҵĹŮô鲻ãǵ·Ҳ֪ǷŮˡ
ֹôҿˡ
ʱҲЦ֪ǰ˾Ҳ֪ʲôӦ
Լ˼ԶˣϽع񣬿һȥȥͻء
ηЩģˣġ֮ǰһͻ
Ҳ
ѾˣҵĹҲ͡ͷİɡ
η˿ڣ˳ȥ
¶һһЯ¥Ӱ֪ΪξЩۣǴηߵ
Ȼ˿ãܵġǰҵˣĸ˵Ȼһʼ޷Ѿµһˣòû
ٿˣʱصģȲ˵ʵ˵صʵʵҲǸܼ˵ġ
𰣺
ã浱ؽƷĶǰ裿
Ұ͡ô°⵽ǿ仹Ǳᰡ
ͷ۵üͷֻ֪⣬ԼǵģܲܣͷͿԼĻһ߲ʵë
¶ôһ˵ηһ£סúȴоǰһһֻ߲ʵ˹ڰ¶˴ҧ
˵˻ӣӣ
¶ץþУϽס
ЦãС
ȻС̰¶þˣһʱֹܱסҪ촽޶ԷһצӼ¾ͰѰ¶ԴĻץֱ
ۿŰ¶ǱηǺЦ𰣡Ͻץߣ
ϽСץӾܡ
Ⱥƴؼֱܵβͤûжͣ
ȶӷֱˡ
˰죬ҲӦһͷȴӷ
˳¿ԼسӣϽ˻
ðˡ
ҡҡͷ¡
˵ţһԴĻɵһǣٿ޹
ǰǲûоٰԵǣڣǸʱлԼȻ֣ҲʹûԵǣͷ¶档
̣ź˵һζ
ͷܾԼԴĻʵ̫ɵرǻСﵱѣϷһͨ϶Ǳ
ȥͷĻЦŵЦˡ
ֻǻͺ㷢һժǾ˺üͷ˿
Ҫ̧֣뵽Ҳû
ժܺÿ
㲻ÿңڲվӶ֪Լʲôɵ
ظĺܺÿ
˶ĿֿңʹĻһûвӲỳɻе١
оԼֻ΢΢һĪسһͷĺǷ֣
Ȼô˵ҲͲҵͷˡ
۽ƺһ㡣
ڷˣͤվһᣬвٵ˿˹
ֻûǰߡ𰿴ϵߣ̾һ
֪кܶ㣬㻹ðΣջʲô
û˵
һ£ʣ֮ǰдһţΪ֪Ҫǰܿҡû뵽Ļڷڿ㡣
ôһ˵Щ飬ӣ
ʵҲţƭˡ
ȺУϤľɫȻصǰ
䲻ʱȴ⡣
һ٣ϵͳ˵ĻЩ鷢ע
ȥǱԼƭ˻ѵԼµĶᷢ
뵽ʶش˸£ϽȥЩֲĲ롣
ֻɺϰˡתƻ⡣ͣס˽Ų˳һԭߵҲԶһС
ǽ͵Ⱦơ
ǵǸұܷܵⱲӶ޷ϰ͵͵ܳйȴû뵽ǽ͵Ⱦơ
˵𻺻ժߣӳϦγһƬ
ҵʱ룬ԭ𰲻ӣ͵Ⱦơ
𰱻ôһ˵޵ݣӣҺȾƵļܿϱӴġ
Ϊ˵Цû⡣
תͷ
ʱҪȴסһǵһοôµʱ򡣡
һЦҵҹܵϣÿζҪȥ͵͵Ⱦơ
΢һǣҵʱ룬вôֻǿɫӣô˵ˡ
ôɫˣҾͦ׵İ
ҺСһ𳤴ÿζҼװݵʱҶܿ
𰰵ݼǲλ
źӰǰߣû뵽ǰǵô
ߣҲΪǡ𰣬Ҳǰǵһ𣿡
оץס˰ѱ־öԷ˵Ļе㲻ԡ
ʱǳ˵꣬Ȼǵ
˵ȥ־û˶Էĵתƻ
ôˣ
ͣԤУϾҪˡ
áá
ôˡⱲҲǰ
һֱǵҺĳŵﵽͻ㡣ڻδͻΥԼˡ
ʱѾȥ𰿴ۣһ
ǲʲôҲֻ֪ҵдǡ
ҡҡͷ
ЩԼôסԵǣϿ㣬־һжֵá
𰣬˼ǲ˵ġ

ԴЩججġ
ڴϺ˺ȾƶЩ겻ᡣ
ˣ̷򲻿ܲ
˵ð¶ʧӣ࿴ɵĻᣬ̷ɫһֱÿ
η࣬ʣС𰣬ղôǺ˭ȥˣ
컹ûھͻˣ˵⻰ʵš
ʱڷҲ͹˲ϻش
¶һͷϵСһ£ôԱҲ׳ŵӵ
Ǳѡ
ѣеŮģ
еġ
еģ̷Ƴüͷһ壬ĳؿ˵㡣ŮԺһôʱ䣿
ηҿǲܡ
¶ôԹأҿǸãȻǼżɣֺαѭЩ񣿡
¶ӳǺģ
һߡ
֣ŰӣԽԽ𰣡Ͻ˵˵ôһ£Ӻкιϵ
ϵӣѻ˯Сŵըë
𰱻ŵ͵ػʶ˵ҺûϵһϵûУ
ηüͷһ壺ɲô˵ģ㲻˵𣿡
һ뵽Ͷµûţҧҵѣһ˼ûС
¶ζصԭӲûжԱġ
ƳǺһﳶ˳¶ӣ˵ˡ
¶ίؾ죬ʵʵ˵ʲô
ϵҲס֪ԼŮΪ·ãѵһҲ಻
ݺݵعһƣѹеķŭ
ϾԼŮҲûš
ǵ𰣬㡭
δ䣬ͻȻǰԺ
ȴش˶
СƺǸӦʲôȳ̧ͷ
оʵϢǱ𶯣ȥţ
ȹӾܣηεסͷѣļҪ
ûС˷ܣһ򿪴š

¹£һſڡ
΢ɡ
磿
лҪ˵һ׽

 56 

û, ԼҵĴǰԪ⡣
ϾΪԷԼú, ôͻȻܹˣ
⡢磿
ԪⴹӿһϮǰе¹ⶼϡ
ֻôվҵſڣͼеߡ
ϽźСʣ磬ôˣ
ԪڼͷС£üĿ
ѷ쿪֮, ұ㾲Ĵȴ֪Ϊз, Ҳ, Ѱ㡣
𰶶˶챻Լһֲ, ֱŪûجج, ʱͰһɶ
ʱԪ, ĴľȻһƬǱһȭ˼·ҲǱһȭˡ
Ԫ⿴ɫЩӲΪԼֵòɣ΢΢üĿ
ʦãǲҡ
δ, ʹϵϵ
С𰣬˭Ϊſ飿
С˷ܵصԪ
ץסС죬ʶصԪǰ
Ԫүӵ֪뵽ʲô, Ǳһҹɫ
𰣬ĸ 
һͷǣҵη
ԪһûвѾźˡҹ˵أ⣬ܷݷöϣ
⣿
ʲô⣿
𰣡㻹ſĥʲô
ڴں𰽹ͷöƹˤص
ðɣɡ
̾Ԫڡ
˵Ŀһ˲䣬ֵĴڳһ
ԪⳤüĿ뵣ﷱ롣
ǱȥеĿҲ˲ĸɽۣ֮˶ס˺Ǳסˣȴٶ࿴һۡ
ŵļ˻ǺõģţʹӲҲû̫ʧ̬ЩվԱߵѾ߼ҶȶӣһһˡؽţȻ֪ϦǺϦ
Ԫ⣬ԹԵվڼλǰ
ɡҡҵġ
Сﱻģغδ顭
ʦ֡
ԪʩСսͣش
𰲻ɵһ㶣ӹ˻ͷǣʦ֡
Ԫϵ΢΢һݣĸԪ⣬ʦ֡ҹǰţΪ·˵أʦŽ𰼸仰дţ¡
СըëŲֱȡ
𰲻ɵôˣޱԪ⣬һηԼʦ˵ϹȻҪ˳ڣ
ϵŻع
ȻСʦ֣
̾һԪࡣԷһۣԱߡ
ԪԪ⣬ʹ˼ͣҲε̬
˶΢ڴ˴·ڵһֱͣ壬Ŀ
𰰵֮֮
ֻݷĸĸôͲôġϾԸǳ֮ô޼ɣҲǿ˹ôԵƫִӦò˵ʲôɣ
뵽͹һѹѹ
ֻǸһ豭Ԫ΢΢ָ̧Ĳ豭ϣָһˮͻð
һ㶣Сллʦ֡Χûˣ䵲ڣ
ʦ֣÷ˣһ㵱ɼô죿
Ԫѵùһǡ
СҴ˵ķΧĬĬᡣ
оԼĵʪϽСſϵëʪˣЦá
ʦ֣ѽ⿪ɡСﲻ˵ġ
СؿԪ⡣
ԪָһС˲䱻⿪๣վ˦˦ͷԪһܵԱο
ͷëС졣
ԪĪҪ
˵ʱûע⵽ڶİ¶һգգؿԪ⣬ðû˵
ĸ׺ɸֵקһѣ͵³һ૵ص
Ǳɡ
ĸһ㶣ԼŮ˷Ѳǡ
Ԫ˵׽ؿһ
С𰣬ôû˵ʦ֣
ϾĵһôôʳڵôһϢûУ
˵ԪʦĹŵӣƽʱٻԺ֪Ҳ
𰣺
ˣ֪ʦֻܰǰϹã˵ô治ɫ
ʦ֣˵ҵ׻׻̵˵ӴӲڿ
˵Ļѵι˹ȥ
Ԫƺϵľᣬ
˵˻ѣȥгдһǧŹ档
С
ԪָһƵֱߣ
ǲΪѣһҲǳá
䣬ʱ˵ˡ
ηŵƹ⣬۾գشԪ⣬󿴿ҿǵҲסֺǡ
ηãҲԼЦüüۣɵáһ
˵ĵϸûŪأÿŮ۹⿴ˣҲ̫˵ɡ
ηɲʲôڿԪԽԽ⡣
ȣȻǾλߣŲϣǸ
ϾĴʦ֣䶯ȻҲף𰡭
뵽ʱһ󼤶оԼŮⱲӼ޳Ͻ˳һֱװϵӣ
𲻿ˣ˼Ҷ˻䣿
ϵع񣬿һʣ
Ԫӡ˵Ϊʲô񣿡
η
ϵһߣԪЦ
Ԫӣδ귽ΡȢף
𰣺
εָסʹɫҲֱ̫˰ɣ
ֱȻֱ˵㣬ȴʳ⡣Ѿ߼ҶǶ˶䡣
¶ͷϵСסˡ
Ԫ²豭΢΢̧ۣһ˲˶Ծֱͣ˼
Ԫ⿴ĸĸ
ʵһӵĸĸòرֻü֮һЩơ
ʦ첢޶֮ԪֻüⲻԼʦͻһЩ
طˣҼסɽ
ʵɸ
СĬĬطŰۡ
ʮꡣ
Ѿٶʮˡ
Сһ
δȢס
ѾһδޡԷ˻۰Ͱ͵׷˹
С
Ԫôһ˵ηǰһһİƣ
ãԪӿɲ֪ʲôӰɣ
Ԫ̧ۣʲôӣ
ǷǵԵǣڰŮͣԿɻһ껨ٽһ˽⡣ԪӼȻδȢףԣŮǡ
˵ţηüŪ۵ؿ𰣬Ͳʾˡ
⻰޳ؿԼϣҪԱһƳȥˡ
Ȼη۰Ͱ͵ؿԪ⡣
¶΢΢һڲ裬ͷϵĻЦݱɫҪˡ
ԪعͷͷĻ䣬ɵùһǡ
⵹Ǹýգúɡ
ĺһϽ
ѾˣԵǣڿ㲻ˡ
¶Ͻ㣬ô㲻ջûǾá
˵ţԪ΢΢һЦ
ԪӣԵʧٵáҪûȢףǶסգǵŮӡҲǳһ׮¡ʱҲ
¶ĻȻģϸĵô֮⣬ĸߵ
¶̫ˡ˵Ҳ˵˵ʶҪ㡭
¶һ½ţôйŮأ˵һźȣһҪǲԺ
Ҫͱ飬ҲûʲôδŮδޣһжԲԣ
һ£ɵõһͷ
ԪԱ룬˲
ôʦţÿ춼ˮȣ
˵Ԫ͵
һҪߡڴ˵ز߶š
һԪ͵
ȻûȢףѾǵŮӡ֮飬Բա
¶ɫЩÿηҲɵ̾ѵԼŮĺͱûԵ֣
ֻü͵һ
ӲؿԪ⣬ԷͶ
ʦã֮ǰҿɷһ
Ժʣʲʲô
Ԫ΢΢̧֣ժͷϵһֻ֧Ҫͺá
𰣺
Ѿʾˡ
¶쿴Ŷˣһһףۿ΢΢졣ĺ󱳣һ˦ŭغһ
ηЦüüۣŴЦ
𰷢ȫ״ֿ̬ʼɸ֡ϽеԺݺݵһѣ
㷢ʲôһ¶ĻҪʦֵĻˣ
Żعذ̾һ
Ұɡ
ߣԪ˽ڳšҵĺԺмһ£СļӿռóһԲɵʣԪ⣬Ҫʲô
Ԫû˵Բ£Ҷһε͸֣³һ
ʵҲΣԼ˴ǵһμĸĸʵò
ֻԼĿռ˵ҩҲûʲôõĳֵģʵǾȡ»ŵ˼ңֻðѱԵҵ£ҲǱһַʽ
תͷС
һʱ𰣬зʲô
СצӲӣûа
ʲôΣգ
Сצڵϻ˻ôأ
з֮£
С￴˿죺Ǹûˡ
Ԫ⻺۾
ҪʵʱͻȻɫһݣоһǿڱƽ

ηʼĶ䣺
ô£ĲɵģǸʦֶôʾˣ㻹װľͷ
𰱻ֱУϽ
ҴҴ´Ҳװľͷˣ
ޣƽʱȰýηһĻ¾ըĸϻתң˵ɣԪô£ǲϲ㣿
𰰵̾һҺԪ֮治ô򵥣ԼвУ
ηſԼǱôˣ
𰣺
ڻȥŴٵ졣
һ㣬ȥţ
˵ţ˲˳ȥηץסһ䣺ҵţ
εüͷţ
˭
ſڣʯϣһЦ
һδͲϵˣ
𰣺
žһ˴š


 57 

ԴǱ˺ݺݵôӴһ, Դ, ǰ׻һƬ
ɣ 
ûԪأ֮ˣⲻҪΪ߸
ϵͳ
֮ôң
׼䣬ҼҲ޼¡
𰣺
ضסţͺ"ԼŲúɶ
֮棺
ҽԤϾҪͻƣôҪʱһ, Ծ͹ˡ
᣺ôҵģ
֮һؾͿиۡ, дš, ÿζܳߣһοҲһ, ˵ǲ⣿
𰣺
ƨҪ
ɻǵһ˵ŪԷԼĸ, ˶ҵ, Ļ·
뵽Ͻ㡢Ҳð
Ѻ˵ɣ
֮ȥ𰣬ҼȻѾɷȰݷһ¶ϣ 
֮һֱΣϱӵŲ, ⱲӾ뿴һĸĸֻҪòãͰˡ
ľ˻ûãɵúһֱͣӡ
ʱ, ͻȻ
𰣬š
𰣺
ͷƤ͵һը͵ػͷ
һ̧ۣͿվڳӸµؿ°΢΢𣬳΢Уµĺ˪ѾӵĽűߡ
ƣ͸ղŵȣȫǻ˸ˡ
𰱻ŵò㾪г˶˴ϡ
ôˣʲôʱģ˶٣
߲ɵȵϵС
СͶͬĿ⣬˫ʮΪ¡

Ҫ
ڴϣȻ⡢磿
Ԫš
ۺʹҡͷ
Ԫ⿴𰣬š
̶ĸ֣ǼŸɽ֮ϵ磬궼ɱ
ʵԪʱ򣬱Ͼʲô鶼벻ۣԽԽǲɫ
ԼɸʱһħڵĳϻУ°ߡ
ԪҹһħҵʱǸввԪ⡣Ԫû˵һ仰ûиԷһǸϾͱ򽣴ģʱΪѪ
ʱ˿̣омʵʵ⣬ſǸʱķŭֵڵʮ֮һɡ
߶µص磬ֻǹ·ġ
ԪͻȻ𰣬ճ
Ȼղźһ仰˵
ҵη
¡һʲ֪ʱܲɥһǰһҹա
һƨ˵ϡ

ԼɱԼ
ôһأѣ˵Էĸաֻǵƭ˶ԷԼĸ磬ˣ뵽Լںʱͱ¶ˣ
СҲͬؿԪڼУѾ¡˭뵽ƫƫʱ֮أ
ǧ㲻ֻ˵һ䣺Ⱑ
𰿴ԪĿ⣬촽Űζ˵ֻһͷ
ˣȫˡ
˼ӣҪڴˡ
⣬֮ڹ𣺡𰣬ҺԪˡҲڼң
֮ＴδһҵϲԱ
ᣬϵͳţ
ϵͳҵ𣿡
Ҳû뵽нգ·ҿɿ͵ķϰĸĸ
𰣺
ۿԪ⻺ĳ֮߶߶߶ɴ뵹װ
һ壬ηڲԶ
˭ôĥôʱ䣬ǲڹң
˵ţηӰӳȴ֣Ѿ߰ѴŴ򿪣
˭ţѵҪծĲɣ
Ѿ̱߰ܵһߣ˴š
𰣺Ҫ
ȴˣš֨ѽһ죬Ż򿪣Ժڵ˿ˣһʱҲ΢΢ʧ
˵Ԫɣô֮
ҹɫܹǵ
ʯϣüĿǺЦϴŵԼš
һ΢΢תͷԺô΢ȣֱݵ
³֮ҹŻ¡
ηʣǡ
֮ηһۣѡġ
𰣺
ηʱסǵЦĸףģ
֮ɫǣҺ˵仰ߡ
ηһ£Ȼ󻺻ͷԼĹŮ
𰣺

ηֿ˿ԶһԪ⣬оԼԴЩõˡ⻹ծˣծɣ
ԼĹŮͣҾͲңһҾ
ܵǴߣʱ޵ݡ
ں޲ҸطȥҪѴŹϣȻη̾һһ
ǡͽɡ
˵꣬ͷݺݵصһۡ
Թ洦Լĸ״¿ɺãˣ
־΢ôһԵãŮô治ġ
̱֮ڵϣϽ
ôôĺȥС
䣬͸о΢΢ʹһתͷԪվڲԶ΢΢һ㶣ڱ˼ű˵òôãϽջ֣Ȼ
ģҷߡ
ᣬɲҪֻҪѪǮɡ
Ѿų֮ߣߵԪǰѵñʾ׽һԪļ
ԪӣҲڼң
Ԫû˵΢΢̧֣ۣ𰿴ľֹηУ
𰣬
ؿԪ⣬Ԫ΢΢һ㶣֡
֮ܵϢʶȤջԼ֣Ѿ˽ȥ
ʱԺֻʣԪˡ
סͷҪȥˡ
ԪؿһۣСӼϻȥתҲ߽˴á
𰣺
Ԫ⾹Ȼûѵô׾ͷŹˣ
Сϣ̾һҪඡԪ͸˧ݣҪ֪˴˧Ҳδ򡭡
𰣺QAQ
ĥĥҲŽ˴á
һȥ͸о˶ĿⶼԼϡߣ¶һῴ֮һῴԪ⣬ԼͶ˸ӵĿ⡣
ұߣԪͳ֮źüλ£֮һЦԪ΢΢̧ۡ
һ뿴˲䣬͸оȶһڵϡ
м䣬Ǿ̾Ǹӵؿ֪˳֮ҲģЩͬ⻹ôһ㼵ʡ
üͷ
С𰣬Ȼ˿ˣͲҪϽ¡
ͷ֮ĬĬظŪ棬Ԫֻǿһۣûж
ССߵ
˧ߣԪ⿴Ҳߡ
𰣺
ĸλ¾ˮȣ¾˼
ѾһСڴ롣
ΪԼһһ̧ͷһһû
֮ҪɸȣɵһЦ
ɿϵĺԽ֮Խ˳ۣСнڣ˵һͲס͵ԼĹŮ۾ϲǲҴزסԪ⻹Ҫࡣ
ԼŮ⣬û׼ܳɡ
ηţֻĸ˼̫࣬ǾԼɷ
һӣδ귽ΡȢף
͵һĶͷ
֮صزĻҼסڣʮġδȢס
¶ų֮ԪʱʱͶϵĿ⣬ԽԽĸꡣ
ΪΪ˻⣬˻ᾴԶ֮û뵽㲻ѣˣ
ȻһϾ
־ҧЦǿڽ⣬𣿡
⣿֮˳ʡ
Եǣڰ¶˺ߣŮ֮以⣬Էʻɡ
֮ԴϵĻ΢΢ۡ
ϽסԴ
¶һ˶һ𰣬ҪǴ˿ɾкϷˡ
΢΢һЦղűġ
յ˼֮ȴû¶ĻתͷԪ⣺
һֻǲ֪ԪûҵǵŮӡ
ҵ˾ͺðˣϽȢӲҪԼˡ
𰣺
ʱҪһ̳ѣҪȻڰԼҲüġ
Ԫͷų֮ĵعһǣ
ҵˡѾõĻ
֮Ҳ֪ļҵŮдңܵõԪӵĻۡ
Ԫ⿴һۣһķֳ˺üݵŮӡ
СĶߵԪⶼʼЦˣˡ
𰣺
˵Ҳ֪
¶ȣλȻʶ
ҿϤʶ˾ȻûΪͷѪȻƽ͵һ𰣬Ǻεȵؽкεȵ
ɵã¶оϻģͶĿ⡣
֮һǰҽзŮɫŶϵƨ
ηʱΪڿ佱ԼŮڡӡҲû⡣
Լú÷ͶӶ۵Ŀ⣬η˶ֱ˺ܶ࣬һ
ûûУѾͷëкܶࡣ
֮ҡҡͷһ֪̾ǰж࣬ǶԸˡѡǸٳ谮Һܸм
Ԫ΢΢ۣĪ仰Ӧ˵
֮չŹֵúܣ뵽ʱˣǵҹţˡðҲˡ
ˣ
η΢ȡ
֮ԴǺ΢΢һЦеСﲻӭң㹻
˵ţߵǰ
ϥͳһͨ徧Өİɫ֮ҹΪ˰ɣһԭҡһҿʱյʱҾһֱ㣬һĸԸؽҵġ
˵ţѻҴҺɽժĻ͸㡣
ָ΢һͷͷϵĻõڳ֮
˶òôȥˣҧ֮Ҹࡣ
ࣿʲôࣿ
֮һüңͻȻһ
߲ˡ
֮һ㶣תԪվϵĻϣµı˪˲á
˶ʱ˸£һʱӦ㶵ؿһС
ۣ֮ѵԪӻҪסɣΪĻӳȥ
Ԫһص
Ҳ磬δ򡣡
ˣ
𰣺
С𰣬ˡ
֮


 58 

ֿ, û뿪
סڿջ, ջĶ
ǳǸţ뿪ҡ
ȻҪҲⲻ˻ӱܡ
Ųµָ飬һǺľ
Ǻ͸֮Ľ١
ڡһ, ںദҵл, Լϲһ, ǾͲٶνֻԷжԷһҲá
ڡŲµĲǸ׶Լ, ǶԶԷĸײʱӵʧ
ĸ, Ҳߡ
νô, Ҳν˶ôֻҪܵ˺ôԶԭ¡
˵ѾΪ˱һ󣬸ﰵҹΣÿһζûصؾܾʱ, Ȼ߳ҵĴţҲûлȥĵ
ֻ뵽صǡ
Լļֻһ֮ң
ΪΡ
չģһöɫ꾲档
ö꣬ƺܿ޴, ɵùһǡ
ƣ˿ɫ
һΥԼǰ𰣬Ȼ꣬Ҳûж˵ʲôԶŵˡһΣҪײٻˡ
һǮ֮˿ջ
Եǣڣ˵ҹϻŲˣߵҲıʶݡ
ֻߵ˰պȥͷŲЯŮŮɫһ
Ļ꣬΢΢ͷȺ
·ҵʱ򣬿ҺɫĴţһ¡
ղһЩִ٣ûкֻðȻţǵҶϻɡ
룬ֻ̧¡
ˣ´ΰɡ
תͻȻоǰ΢¿֪ʱѾһ˪ڼӵ˽ϣˣŨеɱԵ춯Ѿ˽ϵʯ
ɱ˲
ɫһ䣬׽ӽǿߣ
𰣡
  
ҴڣǱˡ
˸оӶֱˣľһԪ⡣
֮䣺˵ʲô
Ԫ⿴һһ˵δ򡣡
Сﲹ䣺ǰġ
֮
̲ס͵ʱһĻ
Բۣ
֮ڶоתȫѪҺ
δ򣿣
ʲôδ
һֱΪĸ羹Ȼδ
ѵһ׹⡢һһӽܻǰԪҲδ򣿣
͵ؿɵľͷ𰣺
𰣡㲻˵𣿡
Ԫ˵ǡδҸ硯û˵硣
֮ɵһ棬뵽ԼΪĸ˵ô໰ԼղŻԶԷʾãֿǡ֮һûȥǰףҧ𰣺
𰣬⵽ôһ£
ȻһתͷͿСѾ굽ӵˣֻ¶ƨɪɪ
֮һҧҪǰȻԪüĿһȥץסֱۡ
˲ɵöӣ֮һֱţֻһͷϵ˲ķѡ
Ȼһ˱һ
Сﱻŵըëͷ¸ϽĻ
˻ηû׷ʲô£ɫ΢ף
⡢⵽ô£
һһĹŮֿŽŵˣɸ֣
㻹ıŮƭ˵ĸ飬˽Ҵˣ
¶𰣬һʱһʱĽ𿴱ƽʱֵģȻ˵Ϊб¡
һֻסСһסͷ󺰣Ҫʹңܣ
Ȼʱ˿̣ⲻ׷ʱˣԵ¹ϣ
֮Ԫֱ۽еƷ˵Χγյش
Ԫ⿴ų֮
δҺСһ𳤴ʶ֮ãۿΪֳΪ£Ҷ㿿
֮ЦҺҲý֮ԣģʶҲһٶ֮ãҺòװѰôñ˶ߣ
Ԫ֮⣬ɵۣйԼ
ԪΪֻ֮Ǹʲôӽֻ֮Ƭؾ𰣬û뵽ȻԼһ𰶼йԼ֮ˣ
֮ǵǸӵص
ǵȻΪֻδ𣿡
죺Сӣûʲôҫġ
֮Ļ䣬һ
ѾͷصˣηŴڵĻңоǰһƬڡ
Ϊƽģû뵽ԼҵŮǷծ˵˻֪
ѾͷжĵӰڽ̤°˶мˣ
ѾͷʲôʱҸǶ˻ģ˵һô£
ԺٸͣпԵģ
ҲǰڣҿƿļëӾҪǰ飺
пԸƨ᲻ѧѧŪ飬ǲ̫ûѵƤˣ
֮Ԫ⿴ļëӾҪڣɫ΢䣺ɣ
ʶصǰֻոտһǱǧȵҽ̵һ͵˵ߡ֮˫Ԫϵĳ΢΢𶯡
˽µĵذ忪ʼѣԪµı˪˴
Ԫç֮£Ҳò齣ˡ
֮Цʹ˭㲻ɣ
𰰵вã˴ҵķǱˣ춼
뵲ߣͻȻԼҴŴ¡һ죬ֻһ𣬴˲ķѣһɫӰ˲ǰ
ֱӳȥ
𰣡
ºڷ˭
΢΢ؿ
С𰣬С˧ˡС￴ǻҲסˡ
𰣺
ʼذף׼иԾ
𿴵û£ɵһ˳ƿվŵˣ֮⣬Ȼг֮Ԫ⣿
Ԫ֣⣬֮ôһ£
ѵǰһ𣬺ʶͣ
ֻڲǾʱʶҪ𰣬û뵽оһһ˲סһƬкһ衣
һһźһӶʹɵ̧ۿˣΪ
֮ӵŮˣ
ԪĪ
˵ţͬʱųһһҽ
޿վţԼ׻ʣƤɰǡ
ʶʱĲԾˣ׻վԪͳ֮ˡ
ηִˣûأôһ
ü˭
Ҷϣժߡ
ĸ𡣡
η
¶𣿣Ǹǰδ򣿣
ȥǸ˾Ȼ
Ǹ𣬴ʱѾµһ𣡣
ԭһֱڱߣ벻
ʱ˿̣¶ȫˣû˼ʣҲû˸ӣȫǳݡ
㾹ȻƿˣһǱԼˣֶΣֱѰŮΪұŮӿģ
ǲţǺСһ𳤴𣿣
ηɵÿԼŮԭһֱߣôûи߹ǣ
𰻺Сﵲס
ڲش⣬ȥɡ
⣬Ը𰡣˵Ҳ³򡣡
˵꣬ת֮Ԫˣɫ
Ϊ˵ǵŮˣ
֮/Ԫ⣺Ϊǰδ򡣡
𰣺
ʰɿʰɣʱΪʲôأֻҪȥܽΪʲôҪֿࣿ
𣺡
Ҳⲻʧһġ
δ
˶δ
Գ˷ӽ֮⣬һе֣һľʶ֮Ҳδ
һ˲䣬оʲôؿڣʹƺصؼһҹ˲佫Ļ÷飬ۿ𰣺
𰣬㡭
ֻȻ˵һ룬Ϳ𰶥СѾʼˡ
˶ʱŭ𰣡
δ䣬ֻͷʲôԪɫһ䣺ʲôڳµı֣
֮Īʲô
Ҳоһɫ΢䣬̫ңƺѰ֮
ѵǧ겻ħͷ
ɫ䱸÷˻סקԼߣȻȴˡ
ֻһϸ΢Ĵ죬ƺʲô޵צ˺ѣǵصѹһƳХȻ󿴵һͷس󣬻
˶ۺ޸ɨˣɳƵ
Ƕδ򣿡
ɣҲǡ
лҪ˵ףһ֣ǰʮкѽ

 59

ҴԺ, һ˲ͱ, ˷֮⣬
𰱻˹εڻ͸һ϶ľȻˣԴҲԵˡ
Կյڽʣµһ֯Уǿ˼˴ʣ
Ϊʲôùأ
ĵغСˣ, û뵽ͱԼƭ˼ҡƭؼһ˵, , Ҳ㣬Ԫ, ԪŻû, ֹ֮ˡΪѾ㹻ҵ, û뵽˹ͻȻ֣ѵΪ̫ȱ£춼ȥˣ⼸˴һǻҶˣ
ĬĬһᡣ
СĻ̾һ
žÿ£ܲסȴη, ǰֻǰϲԼҹ֣Ǵû뵽ԼҹŮǵˣһһ
ǿԼҵŮûзŹ 
ָ𰣬ûȥ
ĸ˶û˵ǲ֪ʱµĵذѾ翪, Χع籩ƺİ
ڳܲסۡһ޳
һǴƽľʯȻսϵı˹Хһβ˲佫ߡ
ɫһ䣺𰣡
˹ͷһϢƿҵĸǽ˫һѸٷС
ֻɵٿ죬ҲԪĽ죬ŷ˪Ҫһ˹ȥ
˹ɫͫһ˫һƫͶ˹ȥ
𰱻˦߻أСﶼ˦ˣϽˣˣ
Ȼʱ˿̣ĻѾûˣǰѳֱͷ˹ŭһβһ˦˦У˲仯ζȻס뱧ڻ
ۿ˾޴˲һˣǼʶԪҲɵ΢ȡ
оԼУֻƬ̾͵䵽һӲһ̧ͷͿ˹԰׵°͡
˹ɳƵЦ𰣬ҪڽϣͻȻеһ͵һͷĳ.ǹѾ̵ǰɫ΢סǹ⣬ô˻ᣬ͵ץס󣬽ԼĻ
𰻹ûڿ˹Ⱥأ͵ػ˸ţײƺһ
һۣ󣬿˹ѾתͷһֻѾצ.ǹǽϣһֻץȥ
ɫ΢䣬һջس.ǹ͵سȥ
𰱻ͷת򣬸̧ͷȴоһǰֱһƬ֮Ц
ץˣ
𰣺
Ǽ𣿣
˹عͷͿڳ֮ĻһХͳȿٵ
˲䣬Ľ¾ͳһħ
Ԫͳ֮ɺϤħ͵ʲôɫһ䣺
һνߵľ
ȻʱҲˣͳ֮һۣ˲ħڵȥ
֮űƣ͵ؾˡ
أ
ôأ
ɫһ䣬ʶȥ˹Ȼ˹Ҳħʧ
ԪҲһ㶣üĿ˪˿
žӡ
˶һۣ͵ʧԭء
𰱻ֻεĿ˹˦ϣڷбѸãҹɫȥ
һɵýſϡ
ʵǰҲ˹ŷɹȻǸʱ֣뵽һᱻ˹ܡ
о˹΢΢Ͻ壺˹Ҫȥ
˹û˵ٵǰȥֻǲ֪Ϊ껹ʲôԭ͵ͣһ˲޴׹䡣
һʶؾסۣȻȴһֵȡ
ɵһ㶣˹תſĶƤϣһһ䣬Ȼһ׹ɽϡ
һ˹
˹³һѪ˸˦˦ͷѹҧ߽ɽ
СһòУ˹ǲˣ
˹޴ͷģһûô׾
Ȼ𰣬ϵ˲ŪģǱʱѷѹγɵġ
ڸʱʱѷĪؼǿֻ΢΢һϸâķ϶Ϊ˶϶þȫӰֵҹŴѷ˴
ֱӰߣû뵽ǰδ
𰱻Ϣƫͷ˹ɳƵ
ûɱ֮ǰǲġ
𾪣ɴۿ
˹ſڣľ䣺
ܾΪһؿǰۣɱǣҾʹҵ硣
ĺһ
˹ˡǴ򲻹ġ
˹ִ̼ۣΪֻ֮δû뵽㾹Ȼ𰣬㵽ʹʲôħ
о΢΢Ĵʹɵƺһҧ
ûħ
Ϊʲô˹ϢƵƤ΢΢죺Ϊλĸδ򣬶Ƕһֱڲͬ磿
ݺݵһתͷ۾ԷͫӳԼ԰׵ס
Ҫ˵
ʵˣͲò˵˰ɡ
ĸһ׵Ľ
֪ΪΣʱ˿ﲻܣǷɡ
ǰѻѹһнҪйʱķɡ
ſ˹ͫײ
˹Σ΢΢ͷһһĳؿ﷢˵
𰣬ңⶼΪʲô
оǼ˵һжԼţҪȴ˹סǴħҪڳеܡ
һ
һжΪϵ
δ䣬ͻȻһһ.ǹ˲ϮŴݿƣ˲ķѡ
𰣺𣡡
˹ɫһ䣬ס.ǹЦ
ʹ֪һĸδҲ㡣
˵꣬˲仯Ϊڡ
һϽȥһ̧ͷͿͿ˹һ
ûпǵ𰣬Ҫ
Ǳˣ
䣬ԪӰҲ˲ڿг֣һۣȻʱһ
תͷüĿһһ˲ſ˹ĺĶȥ˹һ棬˲佫յĳһͣͿ˹ڿн
˹սЩԿĬһ˲ʧԽֱȥ
ɫ΢䣬ǹͽ͵ضϣʱһ˲䣬ɽͷӭһɨеֲﶼɨ
Ͻס
Ԫһۣʱ˲ȻͷȰߵģǽѡѾҵô˾ϲˡ
һۣǹһת˲ͶԪ⡣
ԪҲս۰ȻüĿȻһ˲仯ΪǧУȥ
֮ſ˹ҪߣʱЦһ
ҪٰߵڶΣҾͲճ
˵ţͳ޻͵ڿ˹Ľϡ˹ʱãɵ÷һХ
۵ţ׵ֻʹһΣôôܼң
֮ŭ𣺡δϱ˵ˣһƷʲô۵ģ
˵꣬˲ȥһдƵȻϮȥ
֮͵նһԪϮɽҧ
Ҹϱôôѣ
Ԫġ
δ䡣
˹Цҵˡ
Ԫ˵꣬Ĭһķһз.ϷһӰ˲ȥ
Ȼ˹ܶȴ˲仯ΣзһҲסԪķ.
ĸ˶һۣײһ
ۿϵĸ˴һţ𰲻ɵñ
ϵͳ취
ϵͳҲΪϣ뵽취ʹΣѡ
𰣺

ֻܵ棬˻ߣ
ˣˣҰ඼ǣ
𣺡Ҳ
Ԫ⣺塣
֮Ӱߣ˵
˹ɱǣ˵Ҳ١
𰣺
Ҫˡ
ҪȻɴиɱɡ
һӾͷɣԼƨ⼸ûǾԶɢˣ
ôţͷץһƬȱĽУͻȻǰһڣǱסʲô˲䱻˿
𰣺
һЦ.µص
Ϊ.ֻּһ˻һҩ͸㶨ˡ
˵꣬˵߼ϵ𰣬ҧ⻨ĵҸط˵
𰣺


 60 

Сһ, ֮ס, һѿ
ȥСﱻѹáߴһ˲˳ȥ
֣֮ʹʮ𰼱
Ҫȥ
ҸĵطҪúõġһġ
𰣺
ѸٶߣСһֻڵϹȦ, κ, ˻Ͼ, ɵһ¡
˦˦ԴĴһ, ûпӰ, ʱˣ
أôأ
һļ˶ʱһ, ػعͷȥ
ֻڶڣĴɢʯһֻ߲ʵ֮⣬ûаӰ
ɫޱ䣺𰣡
Сʯϼֱģ𰲻𰲻
СһᣬֱӿԪ⣺÷.
ԪϺˣķֻסѾջ, ôܻ𰣿
ߵģô˭ڼ˵Ƥ´
ͻȻԪ뵽ǰν³ֵĺɫ⻷ÿǸ⻷֣ͻ˲ʧеĳ, ֻۣһХֱ˹ȥ
𰣡
˹ٿȻ󣬾޴µҹգҲ˲˳֮һɳƵһ޴ħǰԪĳ¡
˲䣬޴ڿбը޾ĲɨƽƬɽͷƲ㱻¶
˹ɺĿûиһһˣŭĵͺ
֮˭𰣬Ҷۣ
֮һЦҿߵڲСӰιۣ
šһü
⼸˵ܹ죬˭𰣿
ۣܿе
ȻܣϵĹʮ֣ϰ˾ŷ֡򷨹ڣͷϰѾЩڻͨԼ˵ȻİҲֺ
ʱ۸һ䡢һȣһŰ
ͻȻ͵ۣ.ǹ˲ų֮ĺĶȥ
֮ϢԾ
֮ܺһӦ͵תͷȻѾˣ.ǹ˲ǰеĳǣˣ顱һʯϡ
˫ްʵڴˣĳ֮ȥˣֱ
֮΢ȵˣƵ˵
Ұ
䣬ʣµҲ˲ǰ
ȻɢΡ
һһȻʯڻ飬ɽͷһƬǽ塣
ء͵ҧ
Ԫ⻺˵أüĿһƬȻ
˹Σһۣһ䷨䣬˲ʧԭء
ԪһۣҲ˲ʧҹɫС
С
ιСﻹûأԪȵС
֮ʮһһöԸڵļٶȻ죬Ҫ˦ǣԶԶ
뻻һͻȻƺһˤ
һ֮ôˣ
֮һۣҧû뵽Сȷҵ
𰰵Ͼѧ˺ܶ๦һ۾ͿҲ֡
ĸҪ˵һ˭Ȳ˭ÿ˶ȴиߵ
˭Ȳ磬˭Ȳ֮۱˭ȲϿ˹ۼ˭Ȳ
ٴȥǵɡ
̾һҷˣҰѻ˵
˵ƨ
֮ƿһǽתһȻҵĺԺ
룬ͳһ飬һӣ֮˵Ρ
æˣûжɵ͵͵ƿӣСĵؿһۡ
ƿһ㣬ͶаĿ⡣
͵شһ£Ͻӷ
һͷ֮ܿѥԼǰȥ
ԶˣԺ˵ĻҵĽŲǽ˺ʱĺԺȻޱȵذ
ߺԼһǹȥˡ
Ϊ֪һĸˣѹĲһ֮ȥľǳ֮
ҪӣΪ˻֮裬߱ϱվΪ׳ͷء
һ֪Լ׹֮⻹бʱòѪҪץȥ
Ȼ¹ȥ
ҪҵҲ
ȻĻ
ѡһкĸ
ûִţſһһģȴʱ֪ûаķϣֳ˺üꡣ
Ļڿ϶ɱ˶Էɡ
뵽ժӣ
ʲôҾʹʲô
֮ĽŲͣ£ؿ۾
Σɳƣ
ĸ㻹ûбδ򣿡
ҡҡͷ
֮ʱһ
û뵽һҪô͡
֮ҧͷұ죡
̧ۿ𰣺ĸҵڼʶˣ
ΡΡر˸
ڶ֮㣬ųô˹Ԫǵһߵ
³һս𰣬ĨȥϵĻҳ
ƺûп͸㡣ҵʱ򣬻˻ʱֻҴ׹ʱܾЩԣȻұͷԣδҲŷ֣ԭΪûи飬ǰǺޡ
ͷ
ʵصǣ˵öԡ
֮˱ֻۣһֲ룬ȻȻϣǱ˺ݺݵšɵƿһ
ϵľ𣬲̰պޣʲôжûУǾʹ֮һԸ𶼲ܲ
΢΢ۿ
ҲסʵһֱʣΪξ֮˺ңΪŴʶôһˡǷҲ翴һްޣûв
ĺһ΢΢ſڡ
ϵͳ棡
ϴ·ͻȻһ˵ҵĴڣϵͳ𷣡
һΣҪἰϵͳ
һ١
ų֮΢ۿ
֪ҪƲƽȣ˶ʤ졣ȻûһġŬġɹġҲ֮أ
֮ɫ΢䣺ʲô˼
΢ϵϣ
ҵﶼ֮ӣȻҲӦһҺϵһϰĹһ԰ҵ·ϴ̼ΪĵҩҲԵ׵ӡ
֮һ㶣Ҳס
̧ۣ㻹һжעõģûҲбδޣֻҪԴ̼Ǳ˾Ϳκˣңֻǡɱѡ϶ѡ
֮͵ؼˣַŵĺף͵˵ľ롣
һˣǵҩʲôӣϲֻ㣬Ǳˣ
˵ţĨȥᣬɳƣԶǵҺĳҲǵǸƹƵǵɽƣõЦݡⶼҺļ䣬û˿Դ棡
һã˵ˡ
֮ͷ֣𰣬ҡҲǲǵ˱ݣǸߣ
𰽩Ӳصһͷ
ȻһǴʲôԶʵ缸˺Ƭա
֮ҧЦҳ֮Ϊ˶ʤ죬ŻѪ˰꣬ȴֵ׻Ӳ⣡
£Ҳɵ𾪣þöûлع
ϢȣϽס
֮
䣬ֻʴХһƲ﷭ӿţ
۽һȣ͵¸ᣬڴͬʱҲǸӦʲôǣɵƺһ
֮һ̧ͻȻһ䡣
Զһ.ǹԴݿƷʯǽ˲ʯͷܵһ˲
ֻһ˲üץס˵Ϣ
صסǹһɵһ㶡
ؿ𰣬˸
͵һͷ𣿡
ɫ΢ףȴ̧˳.ǹֱָ֮
֮󵶣Ҳ̫Щ
˲䣬һ׹ԺڣԪ⿴ϵۣг΢ת˪˿
Σ硭
ȻһХͷɺħĽ޴βҪߡ
𰾪֣˹
һγ֮ôܻؿߣ
һסһֿβ
ô˻͵ס֣.ǹҲħȥ
˹Σ͵סһֻ֡
Ԫгһ˲仯ָˣɫһݣߡ
𰣺Ҫʬ
˸Ͻ֣Ȼ˳ץסӣ˻
˲䣬һ.ǹ˱ˣǱؽҹɫС
˦ǵģ
û˵ֻĬĬս
ΣɫԽԽĲ
ɡҰǡ
ֱ촽ü壬ȴǳĬ
ҹɫ¼УȻ˲Զ̫ͽ£ת
¹£ޱȱֱӰӳڵϣֱĽ¡
ʼնûпҲûж˵һ仰
Щɬ֪ˡ
ܹ߸˵ػΪܹһۡû뵽δҲˡ
𡭡
Ӱһɳƣ
Ҫ
纬ʯ
ʹĬ𣬴ʱ˿ҲĿʼˣۿһ¾ͺˣҡҡͷɫµЩǵѪһ
ˣ
սʱ򻹺úõģһǴߵʱΣ˵ನɨˡ
ս˳.ǹ˵Ҫ
ߵ󣬸뿴˿ڣȴ͵ػعͷͻȻ֡
һ͵ؽסΡ
ȻԷĳ۴ѪȴźûдŽ˵ȣƵػסļҧľ³һ
֮ȿƣܡ
ԸܵĲԶ˵ûȫرռϡ
ĺϵѪζɵõ
͸˵ǸŮˡ
û˵ŻҲ˼
𣿡
̧ۣϵڸƽеʹ
ҲҪࡣ
ЦһҪʲôڲĻұж˿֮Զ֪ˡ
𻺻ؿ𰣬ȻһκǿĨȥᣬ
Ҫʲô֪
šһüͷ

ǿ˹Ѿûˡ
𻺻ջ֣սϵġ߰ɣȥԸǡ
ߣһаڲԶ
ת˲֮䣬˾ǰĸ˶һۣٴͻȻʲô𶯣ʱ˿̴շ޴İ
ɫһ䣬𰻤ڻɫһݡ
Ȼ¹ʢɢȥ
̧ͷкȻ޴ѷ죡
һô£
ϵͳǼ̣̫Ѿǰʱѷ졣
˵忪ʼɢСҲػع
𰣡Сؼ
˶һۣͻȻԼͬѡǰһ塣
ʱѷر֮ʱ˭ܰߣ˭ʤߣ
ˣɫһ͵ؽƵ󣬳.ǹڵһȻһ춯صĲ
𰺰ˣ
ϵͳ
ʱѷ쿪֮ʱҲΪ֮ʱð취

Ͻʱѷĺٶȣ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻѰˡ˺üӣû뵽һҲݣɵøӵ̾
׼һôһͷײͻȻײһ֪֮ʲô͵ؽ˹
𰣬㾹Ȼ
˹Ȼŭ𰣬ҵģ
Ԫۣһ
𰣺
ɣ
֮գ˹תͷԸ֮͵ؾֵСϽɹȥ
С
ȻһԾѾסͷԵ̧ͷʱѷѾֻʣһˣ˵ϱһ⼴ʧ
һ͸оһǱ˩ʲô
ɫһ䣬볶ϣȴˡ
𰱻͵شߣֱȷֿɵõɴۡ
ҧ𰣡
һۣɺ۽ǡ
ʱѷ﷭һȦͷת
һתͷƣɽУվ
ģ
һ룬СЦرĵǰ
𰣡ӭؼң
𰣺
Ӳ̧ͷһ׵Ӱվǰɽ绹Ҫ
͵ؼ᣺
磬˵пԵģ𣿡
лҪ˵Űû
ûжһ´

 61 

֮, ֡
ɽ, յա
㳡ϣԴ϶СͷҪש
Գ֮βͬԪʱҲк¡
Ԫʵ˵ɵЩȱ˵ԪôΪ
ʲô, ֻµľʧĿ⡣
رһ˽̸ʱ, ȷظ, ޵ģ˦֮, ǹ, 󲻿ٷ
ֻû뵽, һ֮һ˹
ʱ˿̧̣ͷܸܵԪĿ⡣
С˺ߣʦʦ֣㡢˵仰
Ԫûз׵°ھǰɽ, ȴ˿
СҲͷϣ˫סԴһ
Ϊĵˣû뵽Ԫһʱԭء
֮Ϳ˹ĴҲ֪, ΪվǱûмʱϱ鵽ӷ֮Ҳܵˡ۵ĳͷ
ʱһվŵĹ㳡Ͻ֣еΧ˹
ǿԪ⸺ֶʶһ£ûθ͵ߣԱ߾קס
߰ѵûɾǰ𣿡
˭
͵͵ȥ͵صɴۡ
ɾǰȻһŮˣ
Ůͷ϶ɾֻģһϮ£ü۷ȴͰ͵ؿɾ
ǾǼ
Ů˭Ȼɾô
ɾӣѵǴﾾűѵĺ꾫
ЩӳԾϾԪΪнһߣûһ˲֪ԣٶ겻֪жŮ޺ŮͶͱûвĿһ¡
ûпһۣ˵ĸŮķӦ
վŮǰȻû˵һ仰ȣ磬Ѿɽǰİש翪ѡ⵽˶
Ծصɴ۾ŮӾ˭ʲôԪɾ
еĵѵÿţ͵͵ؼǰȥ̽һͷͿǸŮӳǵɾ֡
˵һе˲ɵס˺еס۾
ڼµļž֮УеӴĿǸŮСקקɾ°ڣȻС˵ʲô
ǱΪŮӻѪû뵽ɾֻ΢΢³

һ㶣Ůӵ˵ʲô
ɾһ
ʵʲôҲû˵ֻǳ˳Ԫ·غ˺ߣ
硭
ֻ־Ԫ˷Ӧֻվѣܱһֱ˵Ҳá
Сվֻƺ׵̫һ¡
һ㵹أû뵽ǰһ塣
һ̧ۣԪǰ棬Ȼûлͷָ⻺˻
һ㶣Ͻϡ
ԪԼߣһͷڳȳѵˣ΢΢һü
ζ𣿡
˴󾪣ɢ
𰰵Դ󣬾һֱûлص磬û뵽ںĵλôߣЩ˼Ǽϻ
ֻǷ룬ԼڲҲǿǿϻһ𣬲ɵ̾
ߵȾͷԪɵԼ塣
΢΢ͷ⼸ס
һӣһԶ򿪣𰻹ûü˵ӰͻΪһʧˡ
𰣺
С㷿䣬һſˣˡ
ҪǺԣһȫ͵Ӿ޴ˡ
СԱߣͷ
𰣬𷸳Ԫⲻôʱġ
𰱧ڴϹȦ
㻹֪𣿺粻ѣһǾǰͷġһôĴ£Ҿʹˡ
СҲɵ̾
𰱧С룺ôҵȽ
ϾµԼҲܵŶԷͷ
ôţվ˳ȥ
Ͼɽ壬͸оЩ䣬СԼΧΧĲϣ
ھԪķ
ھǣ
һ㶣첽ߵڣԪķͺԼĸһǽСš
ΣûӦ
СֱӰײţš֨ѽһ죬Ŵ򿪣ԪϢ˳
ʶ˺һ
磡Ǹģھ͸࣡
ΣȴûӦ
ʱԪᣬҲܴùġ֪ҵֻҲ˵Ҿȱðˡ硭
ͷʵһĸδȫΪ⡢ֻĸ񡭡
˵꣬͵סȴԷķӦ
ȻΣûԷİӦ
ɵһ㶣ԪΪʲôûа㷴ӦѵɶԷͲµˣ
ܰô׵Ԫٴټʶ㣬Ҳܲµ
СذȥȴûпӰ
ɵ˵ô࣬ԷȻڣ
ɵйһͷͻȻվһŮӣ͵һ
˭
ǸŮ޿Ͳ϶ŶҲһգգؿǿʲôϡŹֵ
ĵӣǰЩз£Ҳзĳʳ
Сĵؽӹķˣʱоθʼ鴤ԴϵڣһˮûȡɵöСŮʵص
лл㡣
СŮҡͷ
ⶼɾķԸﲻлǡ
˵꣬˶ȴûߣһգգؿ
𰱻òڣʣж
СŮ޸Ͻ
ûûУֻɾþáǴûдŮϹţο壬Ǻѡϣð㡣
𰹴һǣҪͿɡһ£˵ǡǡ
СŮ޲˼һЦ΢˴˲䣬ʯеһһع˳ڵϵŤˣ̧ͷ𰲻˼һЦ
ã
𰣺
ǸŲιˣ
⼸еһһ˵ͺ
ôܽôûò
ǽʲô
˶СֺõһЦ
ʦʦ
𰣺
ȻǰˣڲŶʮ껹Ǹഺﵱǵʦлл


Ԫ塣
˵壬ҲֻһŽζطһܵӡ
Ԫ⣬Ƴ侲ʵѾˡ
һڲ裬¶һֻۣ
˵һŮӣ
Ԫû˵
Ǿˡû϶ҵ;˵
Ԫźӵָ΢΢һͣû˵
̵һڲ裬
ôˣΪһʯͷģû뵽㻹б滯һ졣Ůӿ϶ޥġɣϷҲ벻ͨʲô˲ܽշ
Ԫ΢΢˵һ롣
ޥģǡġûСᡱֻǡ顣
ûĻ˰֣ȻֻһҲܽշǸ
˵꣬ɫãΪĻӰ£Ȱ
Ҳ¡һҸ̹֮ԺҾ뿪ˡʲô¶Ҫ˳ȻԽǷԽ㡣¼ã뵽ȥܳѡ
Ԫ⻺һӣû˵
뵽ЩӻĻ˵Ԫɾôϸϸʲô·Ҫůģ̫ء˲ҪñٹȵǷķˣҪոµģ˿̫ĸá
뵽ǰԵ˵ǱԼ֮⣬йĹ˵ʱȴΪһŮ˾ģɵοǳζ
ۺӣ̾
ϷҲοҽ֮µ֮㻹ܷŹԼ𰣬һŮӣáԪ⣬˺ܶࡣ
Ԫָһ٣΢΢̧ۣؿ
Щţôˣ
ԪҴûз¹

ԪҴصŮӾ𰡣



 62 

һڲˮ˳, Ԫûж, ȻǰĿȴһĲ˲佫ˮ˻ȥ
ĬĬĨһѺϵˮգ㶵ؿԪ⡣
㡢˵ʲô
ԪҴǸŮ˾ǰʦáҵδޣ𰡣
۽һ飬˲
֮ǰ˵ѾСӵô£Ͻ˵
Ԫ, ָ⻺ģ
ȷʵѾ, Ҳһת֮ǰʧ, ȥһұҪû뵽
һ£һЩ飬ȻҾͽ˻
ȷ㿴ϴˣת֮ô򵥣Ҳֻǳһģһأ
Ԫ̧ۣ
ʹҵ۾ֲ, ҵҲ塣ҵǣ, , û˻ҵԶ塣
ԭСÿʧȥˣ
Ԫһͷ
⼸ԪĲԾȻǰҹɫ˵ĶԻɵǸӡ
㵱ʱ˵һֱһŮǣȴûиǸŮǺˣΪ˵ġָԲ굼ɵıӦ, û뵽ǸŮӾ𰡣
˵˴Ļꡣ
ԪҵʱҲڵ£겻ȣּڼûж˵
Ĭ˰, ɵø̾治֪ԵֻԵ
ǰ𰽫ԪԪ⵱ʱΪ֮ӣŪϣԪص۷±˵
ΪԪⱲŮӾԵһһ׷Ѱû뵽ڼĹؼʱְ̣ҵˣ
˻ǰӡľعҲ֪Ρ
ȰԪĪҪ񣬵ԼղŻȰ˼ҡܳѡʱ˵̫ⷬ
ȥĲ̫Էĸ飬ǰѵһıɽ߲·ֻίص
Ԫ⣬꣬ܽӴŮӳˣԸ¿϶ͷӿ͸
ףŮ֮໥֮⣬ҲӰ졭
Ҷĸ鲻ΪΡ
Ԫ⿴̣޲ȴǼᶨ
һ㶣ȻģԪȴ˵ȥˡ
Щ⣬Ҫ˵
Ĳ˵ͷʱˡ
ҪȰˡ
Ԫ⽫һſ
ġΪŷ˽֮²ӰţԻᴦ
ع𾪹Ѿʵ˽˵İð˳
ԪⰡǿԪⰡ
ٶԪⰡȻѵСʦøˣŵԼϣľ괺ˣ
յԪǰüŪۣ
ô˽أΪŵķ¾ȫŵĴ£˵Ҳܺúøııǣ
£
Ԫü
ʲô
վ㶼˴ˣ˶Լķϣ˼Ƕ𣿡
Ԫ뿪ڣš
𲻳ϣȻѾתͶְ̥ţĿףҪȥɸҲѾΨһˣȻ鶼˵ز׵Ÿʲô
˵͵ۣ
ò᲻˼Ҹɣ
Ԫ˲һöӡ
վűһ˵˵ʲôε
ǡ

Ԫ⻯ӰۺӣĪǾĶӣ
Ԫûлص壬ȾͷԼ壬΢΢ۡ
ɽ֣ߵɽ塣
ת˲أҲפ
Ȼʱ˿̺˵һȴ飬ϻط塣
˵һʱ嶯Ҳڡ
ƽҲ뽫͵ϣ鼱֮½Ψһ֮
֮Ρ
Ԫл磬̧ۣԼɽ壬ֻǰѩɽ̹ǣȴ֪ʱңϼɣɽһ߲ʵĽ
Ǹ廹Ǹ塣
ֻǿ˵ľͬ˰ɡ
ջߣһ˲Ϸȥ
һأͿԼǰΧһȦˣ⼸ϤȫʱֵĵӣһüĿǻȥȴһ̧ۣͿ봦𰡣
ոµ£ͷ϶СŸһ߿һ߽ζЩ˵
ĽŲһͣȥξ˵
֪֪һѰʱʲôʱ򣿡
һڴ˳Сһ飬Լɸӣ
ӦʱɣÿζҪ˶Уһʹ϶ࡣ
ееҡͷ
ʲôʱ򣿡
Ρ
Σ
ԪɾΡ
һ£ɵһЦ
ܲµԪεʱʲôΡǰɸʱΪʦ֣мεȨġ
ʱҲΣϾһ˫ɨ˭ô¡
Ȼ׼ܵڣ㲻ʲô
ΪڿʱҲˮԷΪ֪塣
ÿ˯ߴСʱ򣬴ûб
Էվǰ棬һ㶼һ
뵽ǰɵֳ
ǿ϶ǲ
еӶʱǲǲ֪Ԫɾж£Ĭľһܿ
һô£
ô֪ѧ˶
Сͬеص˵ͷ
ԪѾǿˣеֲΪһֻʱеͬЩӡ
ԡеӴ˴֣Ҫǲ鷳ĻܲʱʱȰȰԪɾҪô˰
ҧŴĶһ٣ǲ˵Ҳѱ˰
˵Ҳûᰡһˣȫӡ
ɵ̾ʵҡ
δ䣬ͷŮӾһһѣ
Ϲ˵ʲôأС»鷳˵óڣ
ôˣС̫ŻӰǵĵ֪֪ĶжҪѵ֪˵Сѣ˵˳
δʦʦĵôˣ
ꡱһеĴҧ
˵˺ܶˣҲǵʦ
һЦϵǡǣǡ
Ȼȴô˵ġ
ѴϣͻȻСͷ˿ȡ
̧ͷСԱҭ𣿡
СӲӣֿ
ҭסˣ
СˮС͵ذ˫Ķͷϣһ
˲̧ۡ

Ԫ⣡
Էվ󣬸ֶһɨǽһ˪
ŵ͵رеĴһ
ŮӲԵػͷԪһ㶡
Ԫɾ
ţը˹һ⼸ñ𰻹ߣʶҪܣȴǻŲ·һһײһ𣬹һš
ʱһƬ
Ԫߵǰӿǡ
սս黨һԼȻվһ𣬶Ԫһݣɾá
Ԫû˵
˽Σɽ֮ųˡ
ղ˵ĹڡԪ⡱ĻǸоսսҪ
һᶼҪˣ
ɾʲôʱģ
Ǽղ˵Ļ
ɾղŶǼ˵˵ǿϲˣ
ԶԶԣԪɾǼϲϵľΡ
˵Сʹ飬ƫƫԪǲ˵
ԪԽǲ˵˾ԽǺ¡
һӴģͻȻʲôǰһ
ʹʹ񣬼ǻһδʦ
ʱ͵͵תͷȡ
û뵽һתͷûȥ
վ󣬽ԼһţС˫ŶҪͷصȥ
ǻҪˣ
˶ʱˣһҪĬд龲ʱ
ͻȻ˺ߣ
硭º˵
Ԫڿڣ
Ǽȥ
ǣɡ
ȡһ£ûˣ

Ԫ⿴ǣ
ѵҪĬд䣿
ɫһףϽòãлɾлɾ
˵꣬ܣһ䣬Ͻź
лʦ
𰣺
Ԫüͷһ壬ָͷǣǼ÷ɿ죬˲Ͳˡ
תͷ˶١ȴûп𰡣
Ҳҿ⼸˵һʱˡ
Ȼ˵Ԫǰ飬˻񡣿ǵûɣʦƺҲ̫
˵Ҫ࣬Ҳˡ
ǸϽһ۴󺰣
磬Ȼ㲻ұ˵һĸδԭʵΪе綼һΡ
ͻȻһֵʱ²һ֡
ɵһ㶣ӡ
СͬգԪ⡭
Ԫ̧ۣǶ˵һ֣Ҳʩ䡣
СϽԹס๡
䣿
һ羹Ȼˣ
ѵͲ
ԪⳤһӣԼķţֻһӰ
һʱ⿪Ҫչ죬֮ҪԹԴʲôҳ˵
˵꣬š顱һϡ
𰣺
ץŷţ磬ôͶˣѵⱲӾͲԭ
ڣԪ⿴ſյֱķ䣬˱ۡ
ǲĽ͡
һжѾмѭƵľǼ˲ĳԼǰʾ
ʹܰȫµ͸Ҳ׵áʮ
Ϊߣڡ֮¸С
ǲǡ¡
˵ЦԪɾҲµʱ
ɾףɱ塪
һнάϵһϵ֮ͬ鶼Ǽٵġ
չأֻǽڡ
֮ڣҪףһ죬𰡣
վ⣬վϣûеԪ
Сͷ̾һ𰣬Ԫ˵չؾıչأͲҪٵˡ
ͷˡҲҺʧˡ
һֹƽһһӽܣĸѾЩŭټϳ֮Ϳ˹֪׹͵
һôˣҪȫ֪ˣͲֹʧôˡ
»ӵɽȥ
Ȼ˵˵ǰ̫ãЩܵġ
뵽ɵ̾
ҪԪķţֻǵḁ̇̄һķ磬Ͼͷա
ڴûһᣬͱŮõҩκˡ
ʣµĵ˵ԪɾһŮӣԲ˱۵ɱΣιۣ𰰵ǿÿģΪǶᣬ֪ǰľ
Ҫ֪ǰ˦ǵǷǵûҲɡ
Σôĵţ˺ܶࡣ
˵ϣȥ˯ţС͸裬ʵܲħϽۡ
Ժ˯һ룬ͻȻоͷһʹʲôڳԼꡣ
͵һۣ˲ͺʹߵӰۡ
𰣺
Բۣ
͵Դײ˴
С˴ǣ㡢˭ﾹȻй
ǵӰģģЩ㶣һֱû˵
亹ҪųˣֱӰЩ죬ϸһͻȻһ㶣
⡢磿
лҪ˵һ׽

 63 

ǵӰڴ, ģģ, ǴµϻܿԪ⡣
ʶӰԪ⣬ʱһ
Ǻ粻ʲôͺá
Сĵش˹ȥ磿
ȻԪȴû˵
СĵȴԼָѾ壬ɵһ㶡
Ԫ˵£͵ػع
ѵӰǺꣿ
ֻǺڲڱչôܳˣ
С, ˴ǵӰ
硢磿˵û
СϴԪ뿪ʱ, ߵ, Ҳ֪δߵĸ
룬ڡԪ⡱ǰ˻, Ԫ⡱΢΢ƶ
ܿҡ
˵, óǸŮӸĵҩ, ·ţԪ⡱΢΢ƫͷ
Ҳŵ
Ҫ۲͵ʱͻȻڣ
𰡣
һ㶣Ԫ˵
ܿŵ˵ôڴԪ⵽׻ʣЩʲôоˣ
Ԫ⡱ֻһͲ˵ˡ
Щ, Ͼϴο֮󣬻ûôع۲ꡣ
ԪⳤһģһֻһЩ齩ӲһЩ
һԪ⣬ǾǺ档
ССѾʶ, ϴܳʱûͱԪҵ
һӲҵ
Σ
磬ҹҸʲô
ꡱȻԪһ֣ҲǺ磬ɲһ
Ԫ⡱û˵ɫԪеġľ㡱һֻŴĹǣֻǿʳͺá
ͷ
ղŲǻ˵ʱô˵ˣ
˵꣬һ¡
ԪڱչشͻȻܳʲôӰɣ
뵽˲´հַľϣʹԪ⡱
Ϊ˼
͵һͷԼʲô
Ԫ⻹ڴߣ¹⴩Ӱһص˪ס
ûлͷ壬ͻΪû˵Ǿ仰
˵ʲô
ĺסˡ
Ԫ⡱Żͷؿ𰣬еѾǧ
˼
ԪڴĹ𰣬ʹһǧ顢һ龲Ҳô
廹δжԼ̲סܳˡ
ĻǾ˵ʱҲûкɣ
ֻǲô£
뵽ת壬ľϣ
ңôԼչأҼ
Ԫ⡱תͷ̨Ұ׵¹⣬û˵
ǿˣȻꡱԼʶӦЩҲ˵ʵҲԪһ֣Ԫִ֣ʵĲһ˵ˡ
뵽ǰ
ǲһֱң
Ԫ⡱ͷ
ʣ
һʱ飬㶼ˣ
Ԫ⡱һͷ΢΢ҡһͷ
ͷҡͷʲô˼
СһϵĲˮŵ
տʼڳɳʱڣʲôġ
ͷΪʲô粻ҽͣ

Ԫ⡱ʶش
󣬾͵ʶʲôһ˿İա

̾϶ҵĲԭˡ
Ԫ⡱ҡһͷ˵ʲôȴͻȻɫһݡ
ѾˣҸˡ
˭
˭
Ԫ£
뵽Ԫ⡱ǸԪӾ仰û뵽һתۣԷӰ͵ؾʧˡ
𰲻ɵðա

֮ڡ
һ̴ŷ˻
Ԫڰ֮бĸУֻԼĲлꡣ
ΪͻȻܳȥ
Լ
Ԫ⣺
ϴϢΪΰҹȥ
Լ

ȶ֮ԼΪԴƣ
Լ
Ԫšһü˲佫л˻
˼ֻǿжϴ
ںϺԼ˵Ļ
˼
ԣһԪ⣬ֻһ˼
ǼղӰ쵽ƳԼꡣ
ĳ֮ʱȻﲻϣʹѾꡣ
ǰѾһΣںãѵҪһ
뵽Ԫ⻺ۣ꣬ԺѶûӱܣû뵽ЩϴΡ
˲ƿš
һƿͳ⡣
΢΢ȣԼ˼ȻϢûв
𰿴ǾȣϽ
磬ֻҪǲˡ
Ԫɡ
𰣺

 64 

ȥ
ϼԸ˵ˣ
뵽, Ͻ߽ȥ, ȻСĵʣ
磬˵ˣ
Ԫ΢΢תͷڻ谵ֻıӰںڰɱ棬һ̧֣ǽϵ˲䷢, ¸ǹһ㱡, , ʱǻˡ
ʱ̧ͷ
Ԫڲ輸ǰָָǰ棺

ʱʦϴѧ, ޲ذٴڸ, ĸĶ档
ǿһЦվžͺá
, ֨ѽһ޷Զ˲Ƶǰһͣʱ˵ϡ
ڵŲŲƨɣлл硣
Ԫԣһ, һϣôؿ𰡣
ᵽЩ˵ģԪʲôζֱıսսŵòӵˤȥ
ΣԪƿ, ȴһЩ
ʦã㻹ǵúɸ𣿡
һ㶣֪ԪΪʲôͻȻ
ôһǵɸĳȣɸǸ֡Ҹǵøװߵӣҳȥ˽档Ȼ˺ܾãԶǶӡ
Ŷµ㯣೤ᡣ
Ԫ΢΢Ŀ
ҵһδһĻʱзӿ޷ƽֻصɸ󡣡
΢΢̧ͷ
Ԫӯ⣬΢΢˸
վҾĵطһҹľơұΪԼѾ£û뵽꣬»Ŀ
ɬһ
ǸطҲǵáҾС
ǵҴȥǵҺһֺǵ˵ʱᣬֺǵÿμʱССӰ
˵һ£
ʦã֪Ҫ֮࣬ǰҿɷһ仰
͵ֱ壺ʡ
Ԫ⿴ദĶʮ꣬һģ
ĺ͵һ͡
ֻ顱һƺʲôײľţʶһͷͿСＷŷóͷ
ƺǲ˵ߣСһСϸȰԼľ֮
˵˵СͲˡ
Ԫһ֣˲佫ŹؽȻۡһ͸ĹΣڳûеڶܿĿܡ
Ź֮ػ˼ž
ûСĴ𰲻òԪĿ⣬Ҳʼ˼Է⡣
ģ
ôûأİ磬ԾԻãԪĳ־Ĺ⡣
֪ԭĮҲᡣ
ûģڳǰϦʹ࣬ᵽڻÿǷ
شԷһԪɫ־Щԡ
Լ⣬ἰɸӣԼҪ̹׵ʱ򡭡
һ޴ĿֻϮƺǷǰȻ
Ԫǲʲôɡ
ôǾС롰ߣʹ²ϵͳĴڣҲ϶ͨͳ֮˵Ļµڵ塣
һ˲䣬⼸Ԫķ˴𰸡
磬Ĳࡣ

뵽Ԫ⾲ĬĲŷʵѾճȭ΢ȴǾĬؿԼ
һɳƣ
硣
㶼µǲǣ
Ԫƫͷû˵
Ĵ˲һ
롣ֻһ߶ѡǳֻ֮ǿ˹ǡ㣬ҵ󡣡
ʼȻЩֻҪһͷͻޱ˳
Щ˵עֻͻһ㡣ԽңĨȥңԺ·ߵø˳
¡һ⴫һ˲ɽ塣
Ԫ͵ֱ̧ۣ촽
ʱŵؿ
֪𰸶Ԫ˵һϾɽ˶ʤ죬Ȼһ֪ԼתתѲƣ϶ᵼµĲȡ
磡
Ԫ΢΢Ȼ˱ۡ
Ȼ֮ڣЩ𾪡
·һ˶Ż˵ЦȴԼҲǻһ㣬֮⣬Щ
꣬һѿ͸û̫ᵼħ
ҰĻ˵һжΪܹ۷壬ʱЩڳͨ˵˵Եòֵһᡣ
뵽ҡҡͷ
¡˵
һ³ޣ
ұΪ⼸񣬾ͿԻؼҡû뵽绹ûнأǡǼͶˡ
˵꣬Сĵع۲һɫüĿˮ뺣

ɸʱ򡭡ʱȷʵǴΪʦá
δ䣬Ԫüͷһ壬͵ؿһ
𰿴ǵѪɫ䣺磡
Ԫƫͷһ˲ϡ
һƨ˻ȥһ̧۾ͿԪ̧һָ׹ɺҺ壬ۿʱͺˣ
ܵõ˵ɡ
˵ţִֵܹȥַԼͷϣ
Ϊʦ񣬵ദÿһȴ񡣡
Ԫָһ
ദӣÿһҶܸмȥҸһ˽µ磬һܴϴû㣬ûԺ𰡣Ƕ̫ƵҵݼƲԼˡ
Ԫһ͵תͷ
㲻˵ͻƭˣҲƭˡ겻ƭԿҵ꣬ǲƭ㡣
Ԫķ˿ϣɺ۽ǣָҲ֮£ƺͣһ˲
㡣
ջָ⣬Ҳ۽ǵ᣺
Բ̫ƫִЩħġ
ʱһӣЩ
㡣˭ƭôΡ
˵꣬Ȱ
磬֪ţ֪ҲãĪҪȥˣôһ죬̫Լ̫ţǼ⣬ִʲôҪħͲˡ
Ԫ˵ͷ

ׯεׯܣ˭˵أֻҪרעǰͺá
˵ţֻͷĿγȫӯ
ŷ˴յеɵ˺һ
Ԫ⻺صǰһģҲɵʮأͨˣһʣ飬Ҷ֡
𰣺
ŶԷĿ籩꣬ôôֳظϵˣ
Ԫվƣͨµһ졣
ϣĵعһǡ
ֽǰӽԺ¿ʼ
Ȼһϣһ٣˲ʧˡ

Сص䣬ıССƤ°
ô찡̬ȺӼᶨˣһΪȻأ
С̾Ȼգ
Ϊ̫󡣡
ҭҲڿЦ֪ʲôĲĵʱҾͲѪ˵ʵҾ͸˵һжǼٵģҴͷβϷͻˡ
СͱˣԪῴ갡Ҫܿġ
˺ߣƽ
СǰСʣ
𰣬ΪβԪѽѵΪ
ץץͷôܣǡ
һ£ǰܺ磬ΪټԼûȥ顣
Ѿԭ֮ҲѾ˵
ƺûپܾ
Сſë
ԪɵģˡȻԸܻܺãΪʲôأ
бۿ㵽վһߣ
СӣС˵ʵ
Ĭһ£
ô򵥡صǰҿ»ῼǣڷô£ѾˡʵڲΪ·񡣡
οҪˣҪؼҵġ
Ҫؼң
С͵ըëȥ𰲻ߣ
Ͻڻ˵ʲôȴɤɬμ
вɢϯԴϱʹԵѾⱲӻܼѾǶˡСҲ̫̰ˡ

ۡڡ
һָ֦һ٣Ҫɽ
Ԫͷǡ
ôϲڵĻңǿ̫ãҪȥˣˣ
ԪҪɽ
۽һ飬Ʒ̣
ϱţͰˣ
Ԫ̧ۣԡδޡ
һСӸװʲôװһϲضزסϲһӲˡ˵ɣɽʲôɰҪõĶĻӾС
Ԫⲻڳ϶࣬³޵
Ҵȥɽ¿һϾѾٶûˡ
һˣǿ˶߾ߣЩ֪ο϶衣
ԪҪĹѾȥÿǧﴫලǡ

Ԫ⡣
ۿԪҪҪĻˣҿ춼ǰ죬ҪȻǻʱǾ͸ǰ׼˰ɡ
Ԫһ٣Һ²ô򵥣ĪҪһ١
ͷȻȴһ˿⡣
ŵԪɾף
ʱкϷˡ
лҪ˵һ׽

 65 

СڴϾᷭ, ͻȻ⴫
ҵĨ˰, ʣ˭
⴫Ԫ
ҡ
磿
𰽫С£Ͻ˷š
⣬ԪŹվſڣһϼ⣬е͡
𰣬ɽ߰ɡ
ߣ
һ ȥﰡʲô𣿻Ű
Ԫֻȥɽ󴨡
𰲻ɵЦ, ҴСﳤ, ȥ, Ҫ뿴ĻͿˡ
Ԫôû˵
, ʵܲסԪȻʲôû, ˵һе, ǵ
Ǻðɣʰһ¶ȵҡ
ԪԶ˺һ˷š
ת̾һ
ԪⶼˣҲ˼ܾűƫƧ, Щ֮ûʲôɿģֻʹˣɽȥҲá
뵽ʰȴһ̧۾ͿСѾʰ, ʱЦã
㶯ͦ졣ôȥ
СĵϣϲСҲ˰
СÿƲʾЩɵϵӣҪܺԪһţСԸʮ첻ף
𰵯˵СԴ
ǳȥʲôõģǰȥҲûôĹ
ǸʱСﻹǸտʼһֻδ֪Լؾ֮ʱŵһֻȣôϴ
ԺһСŵùǺ
С仰ԼצСص
Сǰ֪ϧܺ𰡢ԪһţСرġ
һᣬСﱧڻ
ⲻǻģһҺԪһú㡣
Сϲ˲䣬ءߴһ
Ԫɽɢģû뵽ûȳţſѾһŵӵˡ
⵹Ԫ͸¶ϢΪ֪˾൱ȫŶ֪ˡ
ʱЩӻ֪Ԫ⽫ǧﴫලǵΣԳԺû˼εϲУһſڣһżе͵С˷ܵú޲ֱӰԪ˵ɽȥ
Ԫ𰣬ߵ˵ǰվڵǰٺЦģɵһü
𰶥СԪı̽ͷ
ڵӵĿʱ˹¼ŵ˶˱ԪɾݲؽŮӵ׳ʲôӣ˾˴ȻΪ׵Ůһʹɫ˶ʱݣ
ףԪɾһ·˳磡
𰣺
СﲼԴ򣺡ιСţ
ԪĿʱ
һ죺ⲻѵôŮӳţһϲ£ûס졭һתΣҲҪ˷Ѻǵ
Ԫˣ
Ҳ֮ʱճÿʱһǧﴫලȣиߣϳͲ

ڵӴ󾪣ԪǻҪΣһʱҲ̫ʹ˰ɣ
ʱȵؿ
ۺӣ˵ĻصԪɾҲΪǺá
ڵᣬۿԪҪߣΪ֮һתϽе
δʦ
һûӳϵȥɫͨؿǸˣɽоԼͿҪˡ
ѶԷĻɻȥ뵽仰ȴʣµļһʱԪǵ£ʱ˾ͷ󺰣
δʦȾǰɣ
Ⱦǰɣ
ʵܲˣϽ硭
ԪȴͻȻ֣ǣ
ǼеĵӶʱһ㶣
Ϊ׵˶ʱսսǲǴŭɾ
Ԫ
¶в㣬ֲܼˣʱӳ٣Ϊîʱ
ˣ
ѵҪĻʱ

û˻ع񣬾ͿԪ𰻯һǣʧȺɽ֮䡣
ӰηӦɵôϲԪɾҲиĿڵһ죡
̫߳ˣ
⻹ףɾǿδʦ¡
û뵽ԵԪɾҲһ찡
˺ߣΪأ˵꣬ƲƲ죺ΪŮ˲ŵĻСӡ
˵꣬طԼСģûһͻȻʲôתͷЩӲһЦ
Ժ벻뻹Ԫӣ
Ԫ
ǡȡָտɴ
ڵ˫۷Ź⣬͵صͷ
΢΢һЦǸϽѷýŶźþöûаϲˡ

ʱվԪĪشһ硣
Ԫ΢΢תͷ
ǷʧˣΪλ
ӣӦò
Ϊ˭߻ᷢʲô°ɡ
¿ƺ嫣ܿܿǺܾöûУЩ㱡
ǰͺʱȻɵò죬Ȼ˵ȴŰŵ
񼸱ӹȥȻײǰжÿźˡ
ӣ΢΢̾һ
Ԫʣ
Ƿɵ̫첻
񣬸Ͻ
ǣǺþöûлصˣɽûжĸı䣬ĽѾЩϲˡ
ԪѾ꣬׺ɣָֻһӼ䡣м˵ŬıҲ֮С
˺ǵ˵һӶûеһ룬Ƕڷ˵ѾǺüˡ
Ԫһ£ڳ˵ǲã˵ȴǶꡣ
𰲻ɵһ㶡
СĺĶС˵
𰣬Ԫ˵ÿ춼ء
Ͻͷ˻ȥĬֻС룬ȻЦһҲû뵽һлһ졣
ԪͻȻ
ʦã˵ĴΪ˳ȫ֪ĻҲأ
ʱһ
Ԫ
𰣬ȻĪ롣ǰΪѣû˼øӺúÿĵط

Լ߼ʹſŶҸ۵С΢΢һ
óڿ⼸صһֱƲ֣С΢治ˡ
Ҳ˵öԡ
ѾصҲѾͺ̹һУôͲҪ룬һһں֮ǰҪĵġ
뵽ݺݵصһͷá
һǰ̧һúã
Ԫɳǣ
𰡰ۡһ˳
Ԫѵƫͷͣҳ֮ءһС壬Ϊһħ֮󣬾ͱ˸ˡģ
Цڼġ
壬Ҳǹ޷Щ˵ĶԴ׷̫ûȤζڵͦȤͺúÿĵط
ԪѵһЦ
ԪнǣȻģһǺ˿ݣԪٻص䣬˶ʶǣش
ΪĹϵ߶ţëȻԪʹվҲһ١
Ԫ治ɫ߱ߵ
ҵеؽ׾ƷߣһĳһûƵסħ֮ͷ˷衣ʹҺҵᵽ
ͷξ֪ҲûдԪĻ
ﱾΪҵ޷һ˾ܹƽӣû뵽ҵħڵˣΪҺԱħڵͬھ
Ԫ߱˵ţ·ǵ˽Ȼ޲ҲմȾ˼̻
ɵõȥʵЩҶֻ֪ûѡ˵
ԪعͷҼһʱ򣬾ͿССʦҽʦáΪʦ֣ôöʦ߿ࣿ
ûгأɵһЦôܸ˵ˣ
Ԫ⿴Ϊʱ˿̣㲻ҵʦãŬҪˡ
𰣺
СĶߵԪ˵δϱţ
͵ؾͺˣ򾲽Сѹ˻ȥȻȻʣ
ȻȻأ
ԪĻ㵽ֹȻ˵ֻ˵ʱҲе衣ɼ΢΢һȻ
ȻȥҲͳΪ˹¶֮Ҳ֪Ҿͱʦš

ѾҪɣɱħڵ˱˳𡣲ĸ飬һܿĵġ
Ԫĵ飬ǿ㶨ӻϲ
СߵԪ˼˵￴˶ϱ϶ܿġ
𰣺
лл÷ö
ס룬ô̹֮ʦͨʲôôÿ仰֮⣿
Ͻ磬ʱ䲻ǻǿ߰ɡ
ǰеòԶԪҵһ£׼һӡ
һ£СڸҪȣ
λȻԶջûϸ˽ɡ뵱ԪɾסʱĸǵԹûУ
Сָָǽϱ㹩ŵһڴ룺ǵɾù룬Ѿ֮ˣ
Ԫ⣺
ǰݸĸǵ˽ݼߣδջ
ŴԼļһ¹ϵ뵽¡
ЦϽӲˤϡ
˽¶ݾ֮ɫԪʲôˣ
ǴħڵľҲΨһһɵˣù룬һմ
ֻϧһǸƹҸ˽ƣһҪúɡ
СһתͻȻָ𰣺
λЦС˵ľʵ뵱ƹĵ游ǴɿʱͺԪɾһҲǡһĽ飡
ɾӣƹĵ游٣޲ǼݺȥСҲԽԽãǿɾӣ
˵꣬СеƹŶƤӺ߳ɵس˹˹֡
ѾЦôˣԪıûˤȥ
СͷϴŹ롰ߴЦȴԪһ۵ŵø˻ȥ
Ц˰ͣʵ󲻵Сƨӣƺһ̲ס
ż磬Сص
磬˼Һһ𴩿ɿڶˣڻģء
СߴһЦԪѾ
Ԫüһ˲סС졣
С￪ʼų
ϽС¾˳Щ̿
ﰡ
Ԫһڲ裬Ȼ󻺻ص
ŵҾԶ

ʲô
һ룬ͻȻ˼
˼ǡֻҪ˳ŵʱͿԼ
ͻȻס
лҪ˵һ׽

 66 

һ, ͹һѹѹϵȶȡ
Ǳ, ˱ƹĵĻȤֿʼ
ǵĲͨˣҲȱհʿһԪ⡱֣һ˷ܵش˴֡
ƹģ˵ϺԪɾǴСɿ㳤ģô֪Ԫɾʲô𣿡
ԶԶԣҵһֱɾȲ, , ɾɽ֮, 겻ɽǲƹ, 游߹ԪɾֻƬ, 벻߸֪
˲ͬ⻰ô˵, ȥˣҲ˵ƹ游ɾֻʱã˵游ɾģҸ֪˶ŮôʱȥǾȷЩ˿ɻǵЩͼӴ룿
ȷʵɾ֮Ｔġ
һ, Ԫʹ˸ɫ
ǰǻʲô
Ԫⲻظһ裬ޱģЩ۵Ľ㲻
ƹĶƤζһЦ
λǾʶˡұǲ˵, ǼȻˣҾҲǵĺ档
˵ţõСѹǽϵһ鲼
Сתͷ
Ԫ⣬˶ͷȥ
ǿ鲻۵Ĳһ£˲¶ŵһŻ˶һʱһ
ֻǻϻһӣԶԶڴ֮ϡȼʣƺɼƣԾȻֽϡ
һʱʧ
ҲɵðһúãȻֻ˺ϣѾˡ
Ҳһ۾Ϳ׼õģרźȺء
ֻۼģǸЩ̾ȻһԪ⣬͵ˡ
ôоСǻЩأ
ܰɡԪɾ¶ߣôֵܻطһǷһѰʳ
Ԫƫƹһʱûз
ָǽϵĻ
ûУ游һοɾ֮ΪˣеʱõĻʦġõļʦ棬ŵ졣
ĵصɵ֮ϣʲôطɾ
ƹĶ׼΢΢һЦɾĳ֮ϡ
ƹĻһ䣬ĿӾ͵ϡ
Ԫӣ̧ۿƹ
ƹĪ˸һŵ
Ԫɾɹף֪ɣ
ȷʵѾǰˡ
ƹһЦʱҵұɸԶԶؿһۣʱıǻҪšϧ浱ûӰ飬Ҫѵʱʢ˺úհ
˰̾Ԫɾĳ֮Ҳɽһ׮ʢֻϧʱΪ˾ˣꡣ֮ʱһ鷲ˡҲʧɸӵȡ
֮Īð˼Σվˣ
㶼֪Ҳѹ֣ǰ飬ЩԴ˽һ֮⣬·ͲǵЩˡԪɾȵľʦãҲ׵ӡΪʦ֮ϣ뵽˳֮գʦ;ڣֺͱӻˡ
һµ޲󾪣
ԪɾˣʦҲ˻飿
ǣ˵ɾ֮δȢסǹһˣҲ֪Ƿھʦá
ƹŶƤ̾
ԪɾʵǿϧȻ˵꣬ҲǾ޵ˣ֪ʦΪΡ
δ䣬ֻ䡱һǽϵǷͻȻ˻ֻһգ۾ͱճһŻҽ
˴󾪣ǽûлԴΧҲû˸ҿôͻȻ˻
ҿǻģֱƹ˽ƣѰԿãǺη˳֣
ѵ˼Ԫĸ߽֮ң
ƹסĿڣ־ʹ˭˭Ĺ 
Ųӿأ͸оԼֱһ㶣һͷͿԪ΢ųޣɽ۵ķѩҪ
ȻҵĺˣҾҵ֮ҸǣǰҲڣ಻ڡ
˿Ԫ⣬ʱһ£ӦȻһ㽫Ƕˡ
ƹɫޱ䣬ָԪⶶ֣
ǡ
Ԫδӻɨˡ
ɫҰףŵ˵еΪ͵Ĳ˿ӡ
ֻһ񣬾ζԶ
𰻯Ϊһʧ˴֮ڡ
𰻹ûüӦǧһ֮ǿסСϸȡ
Сһ㡪
뼷űߣ޷ֱӻζ˭
tmдȺ͹ģԪɾ˭
Ԫ⣿ȻԪɾߵŮ˭
а׷ԲԵ۵Ϸ򿴵ûǸŮӿʦã𰡣
ƹһۣ͵ػ˹ȥ
𰱻Ԫ棬һڣ̽ͷ˿ֶԪ⵽˵Ϣըˣɵõ
㲻˵ѻ˵ˣô¶ˡ¿ɺãȫµ˶֪صˡ
ԪЩò˵
֪ľ仰ڵǾ仰¡
ͷ磬ҾҲֻǶ㣬˵ĿҸںô˵ô˵
Ԫⴹ³ޣ㲻⣬⡣
Сͷſ򣺡СҲ⡣
һЦЩ˾ˣסڿʲô塣úǵˣǸƹҲõѵˣҲϡ
˿ɫʱ䲻ˣϿȥݼĸɡ
ԪͷͻȻһϲһźɫӽͷ̽ͷһСЦ
˳
þöûпֵĳ棬ɵö࿴ۡ
Աʣ˭ҵĹޣộ
ˣ˭ڽԱҵ£˵޸ּԺԱҵĹ塣һ𳤴һԡڳˡ
һתۣͿһ¹ڶǰ棬ϲع֣˫ԡ
Ĺ͵͵ƿͷһЦ
𰲻ɵõƽ˵ԺһҸ
䣬͸оԾ
һͷͶԪĳ
ӿչ⻹Ҫγ
ϽͷɲĽ
Ԫѵõһǡ
ǽɽ֮⣬һƬտ
𰻷һȦĸﰲ ôûп
ԪָһֻǰĿտسһĻĻԪ⳶¶ʱ۵ķĹ
ԪҾͽǱ˴ţǾ󡣡
𰿴˿أĹǼ򵥣ֻд֡ԵطҲ˰Ǻɾĸĸ
Ԫ⵱¾ħڵǰ·
ȶԶϰһݣ
ĸҽ𰣬Һͺһˡ
ԪĸףҴˡ
٣ȥҵʦãҲҵδޡ
˼һǰ֡
Ԫһǣ֪
СԪѡǰɡ֡
𰣺
ޱסС͡
֪ΪʲôϲС죬ûзСԭô룡
ԪϼƷʵǰҾҪǡһǻôæ걻٣ǡûдź
𰣺һΣǴš
֮⣬һΡ
ӷյĶ䣬һһǵôЩġ
ԪĿγժȥͷϵҶ
վ⸽Ϣɡ
⸽һ֣ʣ磬ɳǲпջ𣿡
ʱ򻹲Ԫɳǡ
ԪϷɽ磬ȻһŻ
㲻˵Ľƽ˵Ҿʹ顣
һ㶣֪Է˵Լ쿴˼ҳʱ£˺ߣҶ˵ˣҲûĽ
Ԫû˵ֻǽִڻϡ
һᵽζӾ̲סС
յԱߣ
һֱ벻ͨʲôãÿҪɽ˵ܳЩʳ˵ʲôУʵǽ顣
ԪɽǴ.已ֻ̥ܻ֮
𰷭˸ۣˣ仰ͿʼҽһǵǸպһȥʱ򣬾һ˹˵ؽףǼȫ˽סǶڳ⣬ֻһ˳ûζıٹȵȰԣȴһͨѵ˵ֻ̰ͼ֮ܿ
δ䣬͸оǶ˴һɵһ㶡
һ̧ۣԪȷŵߣ㶽ӹ
Էһ⣬ҲŽ
üһЦҲϳˣ
Ԫھͺͨ˵
һҰֻһ˵ͨҲͨ˵ķգҲ˵Ŀֺ֡αǨҡ
䣬͸оͷһȡ
ԪЩذѴַͷϣͷ
ûǨ㡣Ҳƽ˵ֻǺ㡣
ҧһ⣬ݺݵصһͷ
е⻹ʣһ㣬˲ͱСߣһھ¶ǣش˸á
󾪣СһֻôԳ񣡡
СͦͦظҲиߵֵ֮ģС֮
סͷ㵽ʲôʱữΰ
Ԫһˡ
ҹЩ١Ժ˯ȥ˯һͻȻеһë׵ĶΧ档
һǣСġ
ţһ޽ǣ˲ͷ˶Էļϡ
𰰵̾һ˸ξȥ
ڶһ磬ٶȳ
һ˻˸װеʱûϳǡ
ΪԪֵԭ򣬵϶˺ܶȥʿ
𰰵ҿ˸ıװݣǵñﲻɡ
Ԫ˳ʳ߳ԱߣЦص
ǰҺʱûҪ˵ġ
ԪҲ˵㡣
룬Ԫû˵ʲô¶Էһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
ʱǰʳѾкܴı仯ˡ
ͷģƽӹһЩһϮɫװȻڣѲǸ߸ϵɾˡ
㻹ͨ˵˵ã뵱ͨˣ·ʱҲҪɵġ·ҾͲˡ
ԪһЦ̧ͷͻȻֽǴһ޺
һתͷȥдšĴǰһŮ涵ؿˣ
ҽվͺ룡
⻰һֽǶʱһ
ײײܳӣ˼
Ҳһ˲ſһ
ǰһţʵ
⵽ô£ճ׽ôźأ
˵Ҳ˽߸˵׼ţ뵽ͻȻһɳǱصɺӣȻˣǰ;ҲҪΪӡǧлֱй⡣
Ǻ°ôֳ
㻹ǸɳˣӴԺնϳԵ޹ϸˣ
ǡǰҲ
ӺɸǴΣѵؿԼ׷Բԣ๫ͬꣿⲻҵĹʱˡҪ˵˰Ե޷ְ
𰲻ɵΪŮᡣ
˵ʲôͻȻоߵϢԡ
һתͷԪĿ죬Ŵ
ǿһЦ磬ǻ߰ɡ
лҪ˵һ㣬12ҡ

 67 

𰿴Ԫ, ʹԷıҲܿϵɫ
֪Ԫ뵽Լݵ, ȻϰײߣһҲûɹǣȵ绹ʱһѻˡ
ҲǸʱ򣬺ɵġ
뵽, Ԫ, ǵ
, ߰ɡ
Ԫع񣬵һͷ
̤ϳ, ѸٷСԪɳǡлһ, ʧ
ʣ, ȥĶ
Ԫû˵
磿
ԪӦһҴȥһλǰ
΢᣺Ψһһɵˡ
ʵһ仰û˵ǸǰΨһһӳɵˡ
һλڸɽۣ֮ɽϾʯأצ˼
̽ͷȥ
ԪĪ¡Լضƻˡ
ƻˣȻ˸ƻɺǰĶ˭ô󵨡
Ԫ⿴һۡ
𰣺
˶٣С˵ջǾ仰, Ǻɵģ϶֮
ԪԴǰԺĶͳΪ˺ĵطʱħڵĴΪ˵õǰĴУӵĶС֮ʱϳȻ󲻵￪ս, ȴǰĶһƬǽ塣
㱼ǵԭôһΣʱ̫Ѿǲˡ

˵꣬뵽ҲǿɵˣΪѰǰǷ¾ɡ
Ԫ߽ɵô˴첲
߽˷֣ڶѨһŻһɾ¡
𰲻ɵû㱣Ǹǰ𣿡
Ԫվһ΢΢ͷ
һЦ磬Ҫǳ֮λǰһҪǸøĶֻʣˡ
Ԫͷһ
̾Ҳ֪ɺʲôҲ϶Ǳصɣ㻹ͱ˴ܡ
ԪüΪ˵
һ㲻
ôܳɾյ㡣ƪûоͷĻ粻̤ܽɣðͱ
뵽̿ϽɫɣӲһ档ֻҪڣͻ
Ԫ
ǶҲвͬɡϣȵһ죬ҲΪ档
ûв֮⣬
ź磬Ļ£Щǲͬġ
ԪԴû˵
ʵĺССֻһˡ
𰱻ԪⰲŵһߣСصĹӣԪ΢šü򣬶С˵
ºڿʲô
СԹؿϵĹӣӦйسɵ°ɡ
ͷԼϥССһţ綼Ҫˣôܻΰ
С˾ƨɣԼ߲ʵβ
СڶƯɰξͳ
𰣺
˵꣬ĵϲ˲䣺Ȼ𰣬СƯ
𰵯һСͷΪҲ֪㻨յıԡ
˵꣬ĵصСҲڵӡǺˣû˿ɽʣԼô죿˵ԭ̫ۣûиӸķӳ֣»кܶ˶㣬ʱëǹ˷·˲壬ʱҿô졣
Сһʱһ¡
Сﻹ𰡣
һϵͳҿɷСԼ磿
Снɫء
Щʧ
ֻðοİɣֻҪڵһ죬ҾͲСֿ
Сߺꡣ
һЦ
ߣԪʶɨ򣬲֪ɨʲôɫһ
ɫ򻺻սռڡ
һתͷͿСЦһ
ɫʱЩ
𰣬߰ɡ
߱棬֪һ¹ȥ
˵ҪϽȥڵ׵СӵСҪʮ٣ûǰȥС
Ԫⲻò¾֪ڸʲôϷѾһ£ҲԤг֮ڼʱûڳ򣬿»ˣȥҲδɡ
ջش򣬸𰣬ȴתͷ֮ʱͻȻһ
ԶСվСϪ
ϼ⽫ϪˮƶȾɽУȺһƬ
ӣȹСˮСﲻʾǿ³ŻɢˮǱܳ
Сﲻʵش𣺡۸Сûгˮ
Цͻΰ
СһæڻݺݵһڣСҲϲ
𰡣
Ԫ΢΢תͷ
ԪվϷûȥˡ
Цۣõģ߹ȥ
Ǹûˡ
ϵЦݽɢСҲʼͷɥ
Ԫ˵ʲôЦȥðҺŵװ
Ԫ֪ȴȻһѣָһȹڣִϵˮ顣
߰ɡ´һ
𰽫СĶԴϣܵߡ
ڻȥ֮ǰһĵطɸ
Ͳɵó˺ܶ࣬Ȼļ仺ӿԺֲЩů
˶ſյǽŰ£ȻֵĺԺ
СһϤӣʱ
Сģ
ʱСﻹֻһֻСȣû뵽һ᳤ɻõС
ĮԪ⣬Ҳ̿
СһȦϴԪʱ򣬻ƾأ
ͷԼ
ԪֽСﶨϣǻǴԺ󡣡
Ҫǿ磬Ҳ֪ڻʲô
Ԫҡҡͷתƻ⣺Һ㾭ĵطû˽ľһĴ׳
ھʯ֮ϣ
ǿȴǸˡ
Ԫüһ
һġ㻹û䡣
˵꣬ӿռͳһ̳Ƶݸ
ٵؽӹüһЦǰСʦÿɲȾơ
Ԫһ¾̳ǰԪҲȾơ
һڣһ
ЦԭһȾָоǰɸ̫С΢ˡ
ԪǰҪȾƣҪһزС
𰷭˸ۣЩʱҷĴһֻ۱һֻۣЩʱƫƫϵúܡ
Ԫû˵ֻȾһůɫ
ΪһھȥЩܣ𰾹Ȼͷ
ҪǻصȥһҪݺݵذαװ˭쵱Żǡ
Ԫʱⲻɻݡôһ죬ڳ֮ҾԲ֡
һ㶣ʱ˸á
ԪĬĬغһ¾̳
ȰɣǺһѾصˡ
ݺݵعһڡ
ôһ죬ϣû˻ġ
˵꣬ڳξȥ
½룬ǰƺڡԪɳǡ￴Ƕˡ
ߴкԺ̧ͷ
һۣͿԪ⾫µ°͡
Դһ£һͷͷֶԷַԼѴڿС
͵Ǻ죬ԼȻ˯ú籧˻
ȥԪ͵
Ѿˡ
ˣô죿
ʶصͷȥ͸ƣԶԶؾͿŵȺ塣
Ȼһое㲻Ծǰ϶ǰѩôһλǱʺ죿
۴С嶼Ǳһͷһ
磬⡢ôһ£
ԪҲۣ˵ʲôԶʹӵЦ
Ԫ⣡㱧ӻˣ
𰣺
˲õԤС
лҪ˵һ׽

 68 

Ԫ֮ǰ, һ̧۾ͿȺ֮кչ, Ƹ߹ҡ
۽͵һ飬
磬ҲǶֵͬļҵƤһûأȰٻɡ
ߣȴԪ˻
𰡣
۽ЦҲΣ
Īҿ
, ʱõȥⲻλεذûص뻢
ǰ, ź˲, Цеؿˣ
ϷΪùأû뵽ô͵ˡ
Ҫһʱ, »ǰðݡ
һʱ, һ
ⲻǡͿֱӰ, ҲͰʡ
Ԫü
Ҳ޳֮⡣
͵صɴۣ˼°ɽϣֵڴȥΣ½֪ԪѾҵһ£ʱ㾹Ȼ븺𣿣
˻һΧʱһ
еŷ⪣תͷ, ɴ۾ĿתؿԪ⡣ΪֵգҲͷһζԪˡʼ˽¶
Ԫ⻺ӿ
˿, չС
ΪҲ֪һﵱ˵ݡȫµ˶֪ԪƾԲˡ
Ԫɫһݡ
Ī£û˻µֻΪΪݲؽȥ˼ǵŽ
Ԫ˱ۣɫָȻ
Σײҵļƻ֮ڡ㲻ضһ١
εһЦ
ҲǿźþöûϲѵȢ
Ԫüͷһ塣
վſڣźֹЩĵʯϡ
붺Ūһ»СͻȻоЩԾ
Ӳ̧ͷȴе˶ھؿԼʱһ
ôˣǵĿΪʲôĿ¶ͬ飿
Ϊ׵ŮӺס˫֣
ίˡ
𰣺
Ůҧû뵽ɾô׵һˣȻҲôӵ¡ 
𰣺˵
ǣеӷ߷߲ƽڹˣʱô£
Ƥһ
ǿ󡭡

˰еĶȫĻ
ʱͱΪɾ˵ˣ˭˭Ƕء㿴ɾǸӣԾǲ븺𡣲㲻ģȻ첻ˣǵɲȱ
ͷһԭһƥɶУڻǰһ
ܹͣһСģȻ֮ûˣ㻹ǵףףҵԪɾõɾ
ԣ˱߰Ľűߵµĺ˶ǣαصһɽϡС㣬ҿڵɳͦ
Цãûɡ
𰣡
һ㶣תͷ͸ϵ϶ǰ
ԪߴȺϣǱģʱһᡣ
ָ΢ϵĶԶƯĽűߡ
첲硣
뵽Ԫָûз£˳һ޷Զ˲Ʈȥ
ʱһ
Χĵ͵ۣءŶһ
ǸСһǺߣԼǰ಻ס͵
סվԪǰ׵½ССؽһ
硣
Ԫ⿴һϽ
ҰͻȻлʵҿǲܡԭϷ򡣡
𰰵ûаҺͺֱ붴Ѿл˱ˡ
˰֣ʾûϵ
Ԫ𰵥˵Ự
ظʣµĵʹ˻һۣһͷȥ
ֻʣ˵ʱ𰿴ɽϵһƬʺ죬Щεͷ
ʵϤˡ
˵һͺ׵һΣ˵ҲǺͿ˹ˡйγ׾ȻΪֳߣ뵽ͺڵ״̬ЩΡ
𰡣
Ԫ
Ͻ̧ͷһ۾ײԪγӣ²ɵһȻص
磬ʲô£
Ԫ̧֣ͷ
Ī¡Һʱ仹ܳûĵͷҲǿҳס
ûзġʱ仹ܳĻͷůһ
磬ʵҡ
δ䣬Ԫʹ̤ɽף㻹ǵǰҺ׵һ𣿡
һ¡
ͷһ޼ʵ̨ףȻصǰԺлֳɸյʢ
ʱΪŮĵӵĳ񣬼ɽʱɸϿնƯĳϳ˽׵ĵر֮⣬Ǹַޡ
˵ݻʢҲΪ
ŷϼȹӴϵſڣǣһһԪ⡣
ԪҲ续ǰ㣬վɵ֮ϣңң
һγף
Ϊڽţο
ŮĪ¡ԪȻ𣬵Ϊ֤ʺˡ
𰻺ͷȻ˭Ҳ֪ںͷ֮µѾᡣ
ǽţʹ
Ҫ˺ԪʧȥԪʹ
Ȼ䣬籡ֽˮǰڻֽ⣬ع񣬵һͷ
ǵáʹҹ˶ٱҶǡ
ԪͷĿⱻӳóγ
ǡ
˵꣬֡
һΣûԥ쵽Ԫϡ
Ԫס֣סʱХɽ˵°ڣ¶Ķͷ
ųۡ
һǵҲһ죬е˶ڿңҵĪҪţ˵϶õˣҼ޸㶨Ȼڡ
Ԫս֣ȴ᣺
ҵʱɵ֮¿㣬㻺ҶȻãʱ˿̾ȻȱʦΪӣҪĶ
𰿴Ԫ˫еĹ㣬ɵһЦ
ҵʱô࣬治Ԫ⣬ʲôʱ治ɫ˵ţ᣺ҵҽ㣬ұҲиչһû뵽ҵ˵ıӻҪġ
ԪҡҡͷȢ㲻ֹΪʦиǡһǣ
Զ֪ʱҵж졣
һԪ⡣
ߵһ㣬ɵöӡ
ƣյա˴ڶԷﶼƺŹ⡣
ԪʣС𰣬ûνˣ᲻ĸԸؼ޸ҡ
صһȻ뵽ԼԪȥӣ뵽ǰղʶʹᣬ뵽׵Լ
ȻӰصûб䣬Լûб䡣
ۿͷ
ᣬһ޸㡣
Ԫʱ΢ɫ۽ɺ죬ȴǵ
仰㹻
˵ţӻͳһöӵӣüָ΢
С𰣬öӴԼҲҳ飬Ϊһϯ֮ء
Ļһ䣬ʯͷϵ˶ʱһɾǡˣ
ɵҧСôһֲ˵æǰæΪ񣬲۶
ʱϡ
ںʲôӣֻںԪĻ
ֻԪ⣬
磬֪ϾҪˡ֮ǰԸһηޡ
ԪͫײΪϣͻȻմһת˲ܲ
˴󾪣ڶ೤˲棬ɫ䣺ô£
ʶؾвõԤС
ԪۣĳϷ
Ƭ̣պȻѷ죬һӰƲ֮зӿһ쳹ĳХ
˽ԱХһ£Ϊ߲ɵŻһѪ
ſ֣һؽ߸Ͽظ
гϲźӣʲôˣѵħڣ
Ԫû˵ֻĬĬسĳ
Ѿһƨ˵ϡ
Ĩ˰˵ɣϵͳѾںˣ˹ΪʲôѵѾˣ
ʱ㻹Ǽﵽ
𰣺
лҪ˵ںҹ̫Ҫȡ

 69 

ɽХ, ȻٱķҲβϺŨīơ
ķ˿, ۿ񷣬оԼѾ紵ľˣȻľģġ
ʣΪ
ΪĳȻ˾飬Ҳı˾顣ǱһоҲҪ
𰣺
СëҲ, ץסͷ, 󺰣
𰣡ץסС
ع, һѽСתͷ˵, Ԫͽ
ĪҪǰ, Ը
, Լ飬Լ԰ɡ
Ԫ¾ҵ£Ҳ
λվǰ棬缸Щͷĳ볤ɽᣬŭ
Ԫ⣡ʲôʱ㻹ںңȥ̽ߺˣ
Ԫʶ
, Ʋ֮ӰԽԽ޴˫˲ɢΧƣʱһͷ䱳˫ľǰ
֮ϵĵȻһһϾɺ˫ۡʱͷƤһըȫǱһɵýӲ
ɵĻǿӲ, ʲõֱӱſޣȥ
ˣµˣ
Ȼһųը˹
ſ˹ҲɫȻ⵽ʲôޣȻȴ˫ʵӦò£
Ԫޣһ
⻰һ˶ʱһ
ʲô൱ԪⲻµʵһԪ⡱ǻʲôֱӵˣ
˹ƲﴩͻȻƺӦʲô΢תͷڶɽ֮ϡ
ɺĿתȻ˲𰣬ɳ
𰣡
𰾫һ͵̧ͷȥ
Ͽ˹Ǳȥһ㣬Żز
˹г֣˸һ˵˵ôг֣
ѵԪɾĳңҪ׽ȥԴвɾ
⵹пܡ
ôţȻƬ̣˹ת飬ɽɽҰʺ죬Яˣʱʲô
Ȼõ磬ȻҲ𰽲Ļ
˵Ůڳ֮գὫݹ񣬹Ϻƣ֮׽֮˴඼۵һ𣬹ʢᡣ
ʱŵϲԺᲹһĻ
û뵽»֮ҹڳࡣ
ǰɽҰĺ죬ڿ˹ﶼͬѪʱХ
𰣡㾹Ȼ˳ף
𰱻Хòɵ˺һԪһӳ䣬ʱ˻ȥüĿһ䣬˵͵
˹Һ˭һҪͬ⣡
˹ľצ˲һ嶥еĳЦ
һ£Ѿĸ˱ˡˣĴġ
죡˹ƺɳʹƬƬƬȥ۽ǼѪ
ҵģһжҵģ
˲䣬Ӷ˫͵Ϯ
ٴУȻԪĳͷ˳ȥȻһ˹צײ
ɽһ˲еӱҡͷת
ĹУͻȻоԾ
ͷղǲ˵ġ
ǰɣ
˵вԪɾģԪɾ˵ģ

˻Ȼʶؿ𰣬ʱ˿̣ǸڷжһϮȹŮӷ·Դʥ⡣
˲ɵૣ治ɾϵŮˣˡ
ԲۣҸղŻȰҪһɽϵû뵽ôһͷ׷ˣ
ʱȻǵ²ۣСһţתҪߡ
СϽסȹڣҪȥ㲻ҪС
̫Σգȥֹ˹
Сһ˹־ըëֹģ̫ˣɱģ
ԸɱҲ뿴裡ѵؿôĵӱ𣿡
ץסС͵ذӽһӵĻͷҲص˹
С󾪣𰣡
±ߣԪͿ˹ʣ
˹ҪҡҪ˺ˣ
˹Ѿӽ˻
ɱٴ㣡
𰣺
Ԫⴹ𰣬ȥ
˵꣬гâһ£˲˹Ŀ˹һɺħ˲Σгֱֱضȥ
ӽĶǿȫһײжô²ö˵
ؿһٿΧһ˺ѿɵúȻ
Ͻ󺰣
ǲҪ˵ˣ
λҲһŭһλϣҰѱֻסˣ
гϺڣڵӶʱһȻǰ𰣬˲ɵþУ
ﻹǰأ
䣬һ߲ʵСӰ˲˳ȥ
ۿ춯صײʶرۡ
ȻһȴײǿƷı졣
̧һԼǰѾγһħԶȥеĹĹӨӨ׹Ҳûܵһ˺
ۿʱһȣȻһ̧ۣͿһֻ߲ʵķſеǰ
ϽǰС
Сһתӷ˻ģ.һײĻ𰣡
رС༸˳û°ɣҿ˵  
Сûˣ˰Ԫͷֿ
ʱһ㶣ʶ̧ͷ
Ȼһ̧ͷͲɵ￩һ¡
֮ϣһī볤.ǹѽ𵶻ƿŴݿ˲ϮԪˡ
˲֣ɫؿʣµʱѷ졣
أһɫӰ䡣
аĳɨһȦٿȻ䣺
𰣬һ²Ҫ޸˭
һɫӰɽִֵĿƴƲ㣬˲ϣ
𰡣Ҫ𣿡
𰣺
һͷײСϻü
лҪ˵һ׽

 70

ʱ֮ϳХ, ΧһǱһ
ڵӱɪɪضͳϵĺ, ֮ĳ֣һ㶣ֿӰͲɵɵˡ
˼ʮĶûгĻǺҲ˰ɡ
еۣеͶ䡣
, ̲סʣ
˶ģ
ǰɡ
ʲô񰡣һŮȭͺ𣺡ǾǣǾû˵Ļѵоֽŵ𣡣
˶͵͵ؿ϶ŵĸ, ʱƴ۾, ˲ɵð
ԭǽӽʵ𣿡
һô꣬ӴĴֻԪɾһ, û뵽쾹Ȼֿĸյһֱ̫ˣ
ιǸصµѵĸ˶йϵ𣿣

һŵľĬ֮, ˿޳
ҸղŻο, ұɾɾҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱ˿̣ޱؿǰͥˣһһȫûзӦˡ
ʱҲ붯ֻϵͳҪһ̳ӾƣȻȺһѹѹ˵
ϵͳ̾, µҲòϣҺе棬õġ
𰣺TMĲ֪𣿣
ںХУĸȫĳ, ʱƴ
ĸˣȿڵǿ˹
Ȩϵĺʯ˸ĺ⣬ΪʹšȻƫƫϹЦ۽ǷҪѪ
ǻҪ޸ýˡ
ڳУֻԪһý
ʱ֮üͷ͵һ壬յļӲҧ𰣺
𰣡㾹ȻҪ޸
Ҳ̧ۡ԰׵ɫѩɽ֮ΪģĹ㣬ֻһ˫ڵ˫ǧɽˮҲ˺Բˡ
оҪ˵ĿƴʶҪƫͷȻԪͶĳĿ⣬ʱһ
ϵĹԪղ˵ĻۿȣҲʼ
Ѿӱ̫ˣȻӦ˺Ҫ֮ǰһƽķޣôͲʳԡ
Ȼʣµ˹Ҳ
뵽һصһͷ
ǣҪͺһ𣡡
һ䣬˹۽ǶʱһѪᣬ͵طɳƵķЦ
֮ĿѣӲͬ⣡
͵սеĳ.ǹֱؿ𰣬ȿȴʧ
Ԫ⻺еĳ
ǰҾʹӦ𰣬Ҫչһһ۹ӣҶŵԡ˭ҪҶԾҶ㡣
У磡
Ԫعͷһǡ
˵ȴԪɫһ䣬ԭ˹˲仯һŲ񷷢ŭϢƻɢ
˹ſצ͵Ԫץȥ֮ҲЦһ
Ҫõȹһ˵
˵ţ˫͵ȼһԴݿƿ;ĺ˲ȼճɻҽ
Ԫ˫һУгٿȻȥüĿһսˡ˲˹
Ͻ󺰣ס֣ǴӮҲߣ
ƬաȻһײһҡضҡҡ׹ʹйţСﻹԵڵء
һֱСһֵס
תͷ͸оǰζ˱ǣ˹צ˲ǰʱһͷȥĸˣ˹ģ
΢һף˹ǻģϵĿ˹ǼٵģǰĲģ
ۿצǰʶصסȻƬ̣ȴûиܵʹ
Сػͷȥ˹˫Ǳʲôקסһ͵һ١
һ˦׳βͣһХת˲¶һӰ
ǰһԼ˲ͱ𣬿˹צץ˸գץ˰̨
Ŀھ͵̧ۣ𣿣
ûпѸ뿪̨
˫۾ϴɽ֮ϵ˪Ȼ֮ȴǹȵġ
𰱻Ϣо굥޳壬ƺһ磬˲佫еĺҸ⡣
ָļһԼ£ȻԶִ֮һȣ
ҷ£
͵̧ۣܡҲὫ㡣
˵꣬շתŲ˲ŵı£֮ĳѾٿȻ
Сģ
Ȼͷ.ǹ˫Ȼײ
һֱ˸һ£һ˲Ķʶס˶䣬Ȼ̧첲͸оһ˲˵ء
𰣺
֮аӴ֪.ôù
𰣺
֮뿪ţȻĳҲ֮ϮصȺɽ֮䣺
Ĳֹһ
֮͵ҧ
ۿĸҳһţĵǾ̾ɪɪ
Ϊ׵Ů죺Ȼ֪⼸˵ǵҲܿǶ֮ӣܿĸ״ͬʱţⱲӾҲˡ
ιԱеӲ㵽վһߵģԽ㲻ʹɾʤԽ𣿡
Ůӵһۣôܲվɾһߣ
˵꣬˶٣̲סС
ֻǵһοĸ׵ĴܴȻΪһŮЩ档ŮҲ
ͬУɵͷ
Ȼǲ̤ͬΪȻеʱǿߵΪĳָ߶ȵʱĲǼʻ߲м뾴ˡ
һǧ꣬һŮ˵زλ״Ϊģ
ǻĵҲûﵽ˵ز
һʱ̾ȴڴʱ԰׷Ͽ֮ϵ𰣬ƺ뵽ʲôü
˵Ǹʲô
׳ϣ˼Ҷһ㻹֪
Ϸһֱڱչ֪
Ůӵ𰡣
׳˼һ£͵뵽ʲôͻȻɴۣǡ
һ̾˵ãǰȥӵص
ǰ˹ԪǸСʦá
ˣ
Ů˴ǰͿʼˣ
лҪ˵һ׽档ʮ

 71

Ůʱڵͷת, ܲ, ϵͳ 㲻ҪװˣѾزˣܲ취
ϵͳˣ㶼Ӳ
ŭ𣺡ΪҲ֪Ԥ⵽ȴûиҡڹ⿴ҵЦ
ϵͳѵϢŭΪ˼ﵽ, ҲòҲֻǴﵽܽǰ
Щǵʲôʱ
Ҫ
ȡҲ֪Ҫ, ƨ
ҧҲ˵֪Ǻʱܹ, ˵֮ǿ˺ʱѷ죬ʱǸ, ߵﱻ
ϵͳ, صʵ硣ôǾͲһ˵, ǧô࣬ҪҵҪϰʱ䡣ʱѾɲص
ʱˣȻʱ˿޷񣬶֮ǰܱܿ⼸˺Ƭ
뵽Щ, ɵô
ԸʹҲˣ
˵ţҪӳ֮Ļȥ֮ŵۿ
㼴ҲҪԪһ𣿡
һ, ų֮۾ҼҲ뿴Ǽ
֮ʱһ㶣ʧһ˲䣬Ԫ͵شߴ֮ĪҪ˵Լ
Ȼת˲֮䣬ȵǿ˹֮ر𰣬дʹ
ſ
һ˺ѿϢ˲֮֮ڷ㶣ɫ䣬Ͻǰ֮
֮ع񣬿Ϣ𰣬ɵĿѡ
˹ҲɵһȻʱϢ³޷ջأʶǰץȥ
ǰϢȻâʢ֮һڴʹҧزɵñۡ
ʱҲһѡ񣬼ܲ˹üġ
ȴʹʱȴоԼ˲䱻һ
һۣŴ
󣬿˹צϢƬѪ£𰣬Ҫ˵ʲôȴǱ졣
֮ع񣬿û²ɵһعȫ亹ϵȥ
ҧҪǸӸͬھ
˹û˵ֻǻشһ˿Ѫ
𰣬Գ֮ס
֮ع񣺡ƾʲôӣ
ƺе⡣
֮һͣؿһۣһն˿˹
ԪҲ𰣬ȴû˵ʲôʣ
С𰣬ˣ
Щز񣬻겻ҡͷ
Ԫһ˲ת⣬Ͽ˹
˹һת˲仯Σĺ˫ؿˣҪһϣҽͰȫɱ⡣
Ԫⲻ˵֮ӶؿԪͿ˹һۣʲôһϣϽ򣬵ӰۣԸαӣ
Ԫд⡣
䣬˾ֲһ
𰣬ǧ֮ɽϣСĵؽŵɽ
ܻ廹ڲɵһ٣СĶֲı
ûˡûˡ
һǿƽҵҡû¡
Ȼô˵ǿƲס̱
һ㶣ַĺ󱳻ش¡
ʼգû˵Ļ
΢ȣŷ˪ϢҪ˵ʲôȴ
ǼҪʲôʱ򣿡
Щ޴룬æҵȥ᣺
ҡҲˡҲǲҪٴˡ
ϽסӣҪȥĻҵġ
˵꣬Ĩ˰ᣬЩѾȶˡ
һ
óλᣬҾͰʵ˵˰ɡ
ҲҪࡣ
ӣ㲻ҪҲӲ˲һ̧ȴľʹ
طģѾѪԺɵúһͣϽ˺°Ϊ
𰿴Ĳɵ۽Ƿȣ͵
ָϣָһȴû̧ͷ΢һ£һЩ
ҡҡͷʹᡣû룺ʹûҵΪʲô㣬Ȼ𣿡
Ķһ١
ʱɽХССɽڸž
ȻǶûпһӰڶڣա
ǿ˹֮һ꣬׼ȷ˵˹ꡣ
ʹ֪ǿƷֿ˼Ȼν
ԼֻҪ֪٣ԲΪԲΪ
ĵѪ̲סһۣһ
ڣĶּȥúڲġ
ʱá
ҡҡͷûõĻװˡǰֻӱܣҿҲӱܡ
һ˹Ҳƫͷ
һЦһҺͺһʱ˺֪ܶ࣬һӣ˵Ҳ֪ɣҺһֿҲᡣ
һţһӱţӭǡ
ӣһжܡ
͵ָָ̧ۣഥ
Ҳ̧ۿҲӱˣҲҲӱܡʵҺͷβһ֡
˹ۣʶ˲õԤС
ĶͻȻһ٣ͷ𰿴ı飬ܿ԰׵ָ⣬ͬʯһĬΡ
ʱٿ
֪ͻַӦ̫ϰ߳ĬˣίʹֻὫʹʻغʹʹʴѪʴҲʹһ䡣
뵽еݸԼʱ˫Եӣڷź컨ŭģȻ;ʲôס˺Ҳʹ۽Ƿᡣ
ֻٲ̵࣬Ҫ¶ƫͷŵ
ô϶µ˰ɡ϶²Եɡ
˵ţЦһЩעȻЩ±Ҫȥ硭˻飬ҳߡ
͵סָ⣬ƿһ
˹Ҳ֪뵽ʲôٿȻɴۡ
ʵصʵʲôǹġҹ㣬ӵ壬ֻΪ˱ҳߡֻҪ񣬽ȷĵ·Ҿܹؼҡ
˵ţסǵѪϸϸؿ˫ۣ
ԣ㵽Ӧ˰ɡҶĺֻʱǿһ⣬ֻһΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶεû˿ͬĵŮˡ
䣬͵̧ۣɺ۽ǿ
һ٣һЦǲǺˣζܲܰɣ
û˵ĴһֱߣҪ͸һ
ΣͻȻ˻ڡ
һܵģᵽϵĺ˪ϢɵýסΡ
𡭡
ǻɳĪ
žţҺִԹԼšҲ֪ʲô
˵Ѿ׼óһС
ָս˻
Ҵʱ֪ʲôǸöǸ㣿
Ѿ췭ظȻ´ָ֮ǰѾ˻
ÿһļⶼڸʱԥһ˲ôͻһӡ
ڣʳ
⣬˹ľȻؿԼţѾûࡣ
Ȼʱ˿̣Īʹؿѿ˺ѡ
뷢ĳЦȻһſȴֻȻ
ʲô
İĺѵֻһЦ
˹ץšţĻֻǶСӣİģĺҲģеľ𶼲һϷ
ôţĵؾҪ߽ȥ
Ȼһ˲䣬οʼɢ
Զ˹ƺܵ겨ʹ˻
һ𰣬һ
𰡭

˹֪
Ѿ귢˰˹ΣȨϵĺʯѿһ죬Ѫ˳
ջ꣬ĵء
ţ

ɽ𰣬þòŻſ
͸壬𣿡
ӻͳ壬屻εذţȻطö岻ңڿԻˡ
𿴼ö壬һɫƺһЩ
ƻȥ𰣬ĻǼ٣ֻԸŵġ
Σҡ
ֱ
Ҫʲô
εؽع񣬿Զɽǽ壬¶ģ
Ҹȥˡ

˹Ԫ⡢֮˲ãŻһѪ
𰱻ǰһûпޣҲûк
ǼҪõңûҵ𣿡
˶ʱһ㶣ûɫļˣԪǰ
˹ͳ֮ɫʱһ
磬ĪҪˡ㼸仰
ԪĨȥǵѪתͷ
ʡ
һ
Ҫһ𣿲ں˹Ļ飬ںƭࣿ
Ԫôʣ֪ΪвõԤС
ѹеĲ
ں
һá
ͳ֮ɫ΢䣬ŵؿ𰡣
ûóԪ͸ӣҪ΢Цȴ᣺
磬Ȼֿ꣬˽ġҪһ𣬾ԲֻҪһԶݵƽô򵥡
ָڹỮһǵ֮ʱϵʹ࣬ҲǵȥǸǰʱϵҸǵ˵ķޡʱе˸Բȥɣһ˵ĶԲԣ
Ԫһ㶣Ϣʼˡ
ǣҲ˽ġ
涣磬Ҳɵǲǣ
Ԫ͵رۡ
Ц֪װ֮ʱ˵ҷڲ˵һоˡǼǿҵ꣬ǷֻǸǰһ·
Ԫⶶȥָ⣬ȴһ˦
ҧӵɽ£ʵصԲ˺磬ҲܴӦ㡣
Ԫɫ䣬һǿѹ¿еѪȣΪΣΪöӣ𰣬ҿԲɣ
̧ۿ۶᣺
ΪΪ𣿲ǡ
ĨȥԪϵѪգʵص
磬ѵڻһжزȥˡһţܼǵø׼ķʳһǵѾ֮
ΣȻұúúõģȴҲѾᡣ
һļңȻݼ˸ĸҲ֪һһһѻ
һɸȻ˹ȥȴͱ˶ϱڲԫһ˶ûˣ
磬ҺŲ꣬ӡ
Ԫ⿴ͻȻһ͵ŻһѪ
һȴûзʣ
ʵʲô֪ˡÿһŬȻǵľ룬ҲңĻزȥˡ
ԪҧѪ¡
𰡭
ʵص
磬ְɡ
ҧ˻ƵȻץ𰡣ɫѾҰȥ
Ϊ֪˵ġ
ѵѵԼȴѲ𰡣
ģôһеǿû塣
뵽ɫһ䣬ʱ
һ˲䣬رɫ
˵ͷۼҡضУͳɫ
ô£
𰻺̧ͷ¶΢Ц
磬⡣Ҫˡ


 72 

, ٿȻɫ, ɽ綼Ȼա
ŵĵһܵһѹѹ꣬һֻһľۣͬһ㿴ǡʱɫޱ䣬̱ڵء
˿޺ʣ
⵽ôһ°ǲħڵҸȼˣ
˵ĺ²ͬ, ˫, ֱ, ð˵
ֱǿ˱֣ݺݵһŷĳХ
ʲôħڣףǳɵףԪҪˣ
˴, žĿϲ
ɣ
ԪҪˣ
ֱɽĴ£
, Ԫ˿ûмҪɵϲá
ʱ, ˵°ڿоȻ˴˵ȴڷ˪ģˡ
ĻоȻ֮С
˵ҲƣһֱִǺǵɽ, ΪߵĿ꣬Ҳ⡣
Сʦ͸߱Ļ£Ϊ׷ߵľ, Ϊ˸õظˣҲΪ걸Լ
źɽΨһһпܳɵˣҲɽϣɣʹҲǱ롣
ɵĿ귢˱仯Ҫһߣȥ̽Ѱʦ˵һ磬ҲΪչһŵԣΪ

ɷ
Ȼʱ˿̣öӱӵˣ˵˾ֱ׵ĻҵʱȴҪҪˣ
Ц
ƣ
ûѵҪȥǱ԰׵
𰣬оԼ౻͵ؾҪ˵ʲôȴӺӿһѪȣҧ
Ҳɵġ
ҡҡͷջϿɬȻЦԪʱɫƽ
磬֪Ҹղ˵ĻġҺ㸲ˮաɲɣкηֱ𣿡
Ԫƿһۿ
֮˽УҴ֮ԲḲˮա
꣬¶ģŵɬЦ
̧Լָ֣԰ףһ˵ͣȻѾϢյѪģʹϸذȻѪҲ͸ϣȾڡ
Ԫɫ΢䣬ȥ˿ڣҡҡͷ
㿴˰ɣѾˣֻһˣûз˵ķӡ
Ԫָ͵ضסˡ
ʱʿХ޴оƣһֻħ֣֮ʵ໺ķ˿ڻ֮УҲܿԪʹ˫
űӣ磬Ҫˡ
ԪŲС𰡭˱ۣ
Ҳɣһƽأ
Ԫգ
磬Ҫ˵ˡĳΪ˷ˣһ᲻ġ
еʱݡҺĸɸ󣬼ʹҫҲΪһƬ档Щôز˵ģϱɽϵʱһоѾˡ
Ԫ̲סѪش¡
һû˵ֻǻؽ𰱧ڻ
˵öԡ
һֱӱܡ
ڣ鵱ߣĵһ
ʱܿĿʹΪѣᶨվߣҲһжᷢ
žֱȻʱ˿̣ƺ˵ʲô޷йеĿʹ
𰻺
磬һѾĶˡܿɣҾҲ޺
䣬ͷĺȻ죬һĨƽŵľ׻ɫһ㽫շֵķѡ
ɫһ䣺
𰣡Сģ
˵ţ˾ȥ
ǲҪ
Ԫ⣬ĨȥǵѪ磬Ҫۿɡ
ԪҲۣǽһУסָ⣬ţ
С𰣬ҴӲָл͵ҵߡһҴһʼͲɿ֡
Դݿ֮ϮǰһƬУ˲ͽ˳ȥ
ۿûԪ⣬һʹ磡
رס˲䵲ǰ
ããϯһУغȻɫڼµ֮У˻
ΣҲ֪˶á
Ҳһ˲Ҳһʱ
̧ͷͻȻһ㶡
ɢһڲڲ֮а̨״ƿɼת
Ԫվɽ֮ϣһϮ֯ͣڷ߹ڣĿǣѾһλˡ
촽ڵӲԼͬһݣ
Ԫˣ
Ԫˣ
һһֱɽȥֱе硣
̧ؿ۽Ƿȡ
ڳˡ
еС˷ܵؽһ˲仯Ϊԭڿз衣
Ԫ⻺תͷɫЩ·ʧȥһЩ˵߻ɨˣ
лķ֣Ԫɴ˶
ƵԪ⣬ݺ᣺жûͷħڵˡԪ⣬ڳˣϷⱲҲ޺ˣ
Ԫ⿴ŵĵӣеĵӶһݣԪ
ҳɺûҵļලǲڼ;
ڵʵصͷ
лԪЯ֮
Ԫϡ
Ϻ޲Ȼһ˲
ڰҷжӣʱһƺʼͣͣˡ
Ԫ˵ô࣬һȴû˵
ֻǻ̧֣úԶ
еһСĶϧػص
磬ء
һΣ޷Ҳһᡣ
Ԫջָ⣬صذ
ڻϲˣš//ţxnttaa
𰿴Ԫߵǰƿţڼ̤ȥһɲǣһ¡
Ҳһ˸ȻҲܸоԪһۡ
硭
ƺòȴԪӰʧڡ
˲䣬ƷӿŻҲʧỹϣΪһжһΡ
̾һ˳ˣˣɽ˳ˣ
Цſʣ
ڳˡ
Сڲ֮һȦһХĻصߣ
𰲻ҪѹС㡣
𰱧С
ûѹڸˡ
Сա
һعͷˡ
ʱ˿̣ƺࡣΪԼΣҲ֪ӱõġ
⼸ˣҲԼµĴ
Сڻ뿪ڣղŻǵļ˲ɫһ䡣
Ϊ֪ղ˵Ļֹ˵ԪģҲ˵ġ
Ȼһ̣ûԼᱻ
˲䣬һӵϡ
óҪǣȻСȴͻȻһУ
𰣡ѷֳ
ʱһҲʶ̧ȥ
ֻ֮ϣֳѷ졣
һ޿ڣŰɡ
𰣺
ˡ
һ룬еһ˲ͱһβߣȻָҲһ˵ģõȻһֻ첲ֱקסЩȻһԴУ̧һ¿˹ĶƤ
˹һ𾪵ؿһۣɵɿβ͡
˹ŭ𣺡޴ıһԣ
˹һûзĳЩһص塣
С䣬˲䱻ס˵ʲôȻĽת˲һҧֱ͵ػӶ.ǹ˲䵲ס𵶵Ĺơ
֮˲ǰġ͵صԳ֮ض
󾪣֮
üͷһ壬ͻȻоЩԾ
ʶؿԼ֣ȴֻѾտҲ֮ѾվʱѷԱߣаһЦ
ҧ.
˹Ѿʼɢʵŭ𣺡𰣡
ų֮֮ΪҲ𣿡
֮һͣᱧ
һºҵǲμҺĻ񡣡
˵꣬𰣬˲ʧ˵ǰ
˹ʧ֮ǰ𷢳ɳƵЦΪҲ𣿡
սеĳ.ǹû˵
˹ҺǲͬҺమǻصҵߡ
üͷ͵һ塣
Ȼ˹ҲѾɢָմŵѪ˱ۡ
գӰҲʧˡ
֮ϣһƬž
ڵӿԶһƬǽ壬ɵó̾һ
Ե

һۣͿ֮š
ԷСذ£Ȼ
𰣬ڴˡ
𰷴ûôؿε
ΪҶԺ˵ĻԶˡ
ʲôû֮ϵĹŵЦ˲ѣһֻըëè͵
𰴭ŴȻ۽ǵķ챩¶뺦£
ֻǴؼҶѡʲôԪʲôͨͨҵ¡ֻǴҵδ޻ؼҡ
˵Ҫ
ĺһ
ѡ
һ
ãһؼˡ
֮ʱһѹסɤĲȻСĵ
㲻֪һ죬ڴ˶á
վһ߲ʵëʹĻ
ʶһӣëʹطߺ
ŻˣСôˣ
֮ϵֻ뵽ԪģʱżҲࣺ̿ܿ
ǳԻʲôĪ£еҩ
СĵذѵҩСߡ
ͻȻǰ׹һС߲ʵëڲϵس鳤תۼͱһһӡ
Сۣǡޡһڰѵҩ³Ȼ͵غϣ
𰣡𰣡
֮
ϲСܻˣ
СＴʹǻҲ̲סNɪСȲסϴܣСＴʹҲɰģ
̿ɰɰ
˵ţϽ۰á
һ̧ͷͿ֮ۿС
һ㶣ôˣ
֮һûʲô
Ȼἵһֻ񣬵ܸоʲôԾ
Ȼ˻⡣뵽ȥӣߣҴȥš
Σܸо֮һ˵͵رһҫĳ嶯ꡣ
˻ûʹŵĴ֮ڳһˣ
ˣ
˻ᣬ˫׳˶
һ֮ĳݣȻĿƵϣʱһ㶣䵽Ůͯɵˡ
Σ֮񶼱ˣ
֪Ը˵Ҳ˰ǰ˭ҵϱջˣ
֮
֪ǹɹĸоʲôˡ
ԭЩ˼ʹˣҲ¶ģӦˡ
лҪ˵һ׽

 73 

ӿ, Ĺظ˳֮ܶꡣ
ŵʱ, ֮ʹñӿ֪Ĵڡ
ټϳ֮Ҫӣǰ˻û˸ǰ˳˼͸ˣûʶ𰡣
ӿԼϲףٿԱ߱С, ˼άʱˡ
֪, ǵǲ˵, ﰮŮܴŵɽ£üһԺӲվô, ʹûһĹ
˵, ܵĽҲй
Ϊ˵, 뱻Ȼˣ˵Ϊһڰ
㿴ǸŮӵЦ㿴Сӣ㿴üβסϲãӿʲôʱ򿴵Լ
ֲô궼û, ԭǾϲһף  
ôţʱһѾؿ֮
֮һ˿ľ𰣬ֿ˿𰻳Сһ, ҧ
˵ʲôأϽȥǣһˡ׼һϺõĿͷ
ӿϽͷʣ
һ·ˣϾ׼Ʋˣ֪δϲʲô
֮һʲôδˡ
ӿһţͷʲôʱҲô컬ˣϽȥ׼
ӿٺһЦž޴ܱߺ
ˣŹˣ
𰣺
ԤУصҲ̫ƽˡ
֮һۣģصһúչġ
ĬĬذС
ֻ񡣡
mdֱƸô£
𰿴ԱӣҲɵһЦ
Сӣ߽ڵĴš
ʵǰڣҲֻһΡ
Դ֮ĻԼ֮ͱǿںͳ֮硱顣ȻǸʱڡᡱʱȻҲô졣
ǳ֮˵ʱˡ
ʬȳѪȾ̨ףôȥ֮ñ׳˲֪жٱȻûжһ˿һ
𰿴ϱ˺ۣЩ㱡
˶˵֮һаˣȻȴ֪жôɡ
ţƺǻʲôɫҲɵûһ¡
عͷ΢΢һЦ
ӭؼң𰡣
𰿴Ȼ򶨣΢ָ⣬Ҳɵһ¡
֮ٵһͷڣҲ֪ӿЩ˽ʲôķﻨŽأޱԱ߻һӤרõСľ
֮ȥЪϢȻּҴҵؽ£֪ȥʲô
¿ŵ飬ҲȤ
ĵ£Сﻯε¡
Сﰴڴϣۿޣ
˵ɣôͻȻͻεģ
Сѵش·ΪСԪţ
һԪ⡱һ١
Ѿ׼ټԪѾûź˳ЩȻ⣬û̫ܡ
С
ǿܺáߺ㻹ܻΣҿ㻹ܿ˭
Ϊ岻㣬С˶·һĶ֮һֻСļϡ
Сﻹš
𰻹ЩϰСΣë
ҲԶ㰡
С˲ָ
ǾǶá
С΢΢һЦ
СյĶߣС
𰣬֮󣬽ôѽ
һ£Լһ裬Ȼ룬
֮֮ҼȻѾ磬ô⣬ֻһһˡ
СС￴˧粻׷ġ
֮ˣƷŵһк⣬ʵʲôĵѹš
֮ľǰĳޣ׷¡
ҡҡͷ˵ʲôȴһЦ
СﲻԡЦݴŵɬζֲ˵ɵץ
𰿴űеĲˮص
Сʱʱ嵭һС

֮𰰲ٺúѸٵسԼķ䣬ʼ䵹Ҷ
ƣ
ϷĶǣ㷸ȥĿⷿ𣿡
֮ĶҶˣȻҪҪԸ׵ˣԶ
Ը׵ˣ˭
٣ͻȻӦۣŶͷ
֮ϵһͷ
ҵĸַֻǺй˶ѣ˭ϲ
쿴˼Ͻúã˭ϲ
֮һ
ҷǵʱѷڵص仯ġ¸СҪҲò׼
һЦ졣
˵ĸδ࣬ʱ̲ס
̫ͬ
֮
طŭˣʲôͬӴǶ磡
̧ͷЦҺôһҺ֮ĸ˭Ȳˣ
첻ÿɷ
ʼתƻ⣺ЩȷʵסСӣ׼
֮£ǿ׵ȻصıͻȻ뵽⡣
һ
ҿҪˣĲϻûмء
쿴šüȤ
Ҫһˣҿɵȥμĳ֮ء
һ˵ף֮ɫ΢䣬Ѷߣǽϵ
ס΢΢һЦ
ʵҺһͳˡֻû뵽λڵҺĻȻ͸洵ˡ
ѵðο
ŬһһҲδɡ
֮һһӦ޸ҵġ
䣬ⷿͻȻ
¹
ҸѾ͵Ǹķȥˡ
֮ͷסĪҪñ˽ӽķ䡣
ӿǸçײԸ㲻Ѿͷǰ˵ʲô˵Ļ
֮ӿȻçײơǸӲģΪҪǡҺǰ֪顣
ľ𣬲ɵһ̾
Ȼ֪һжעҲꡣкܶɲˣϳ𰣬»ෳҡô죿Ҫڷһӣ
ôܡ֮뵽ԼЩһ£üĿһ䣺˭κɶ
Ⱥ£սҲ뻢ѨĽ顣УкģҲһʼ͸ġ
رӦң뿪ҵ·ͬ顣һƴ׳֮Ͱ
ӦҶľǴͷβ˶ǵִ𰣬֪жôķӦ
˵ţվҾͽʽܸǣȺ˵졣
ˡóҲҶ˵ʲô
֮ͷ֪ȻͶȻḺ
պö뿪¾͵
ġ׼˷ȥǹķˡ
֮ϵĻңѵ˿ϣô
ű򿪣Цصܲ𣿱ϾӦѹȥģ˵ҪŮӳʲô
֮
tmô˵ҸղŲǸ㲻˿Ǹ𣿡
ίҲӦǡˡ
֮öһϵټӻӽ£
Ӷʱ̱ȥ
֮Сһӿ˲ʧԺ
ߣӿһ˳ߴ󺺣СŷԺߡ
Ավһӣӳݣü۸ڵĶӦҡ
ӦҿӿСӣľЦ
ûôСģĪʲôһĽɣ
ӿƵĴưʳбҿСûнһŮ
ӦһЦα˽Դ¶֪һŮӣһӤȫµŮӶҪɡ
ӿ̾벻ͨôŮӲҪΪƫƫһ˺ӵġһôСģ˻ѵϲŮӣ
ӦҴֽȣȣ
ûһֿܣ
ӿһ㶣ʲôܣ
ǺӾġ
ӿʳˣôܣģôû˵
ӦȹͷжҪȫ˽⣬ǻ𣿿ѵûз⼸ͻȻʧ죿
ӿ룬ȷʵô¡
˼ǡʧǼ죬ȥŮˣ
ӦҺǸص˵ͷҪȻΪǸôģ
ӿһҲеֻĺǸŮӳӣΪôʱ䶼˵ء
Լɻ˵Ӧӵ˵°ͣ˼Ƭ̣
Ůӵ⣬ܹģֻȷһ㣬ŮӶҪ
תͷӿ⣬϶˹ʲôˣ׷֡ŮӲǺݣֻҪϸϱǡ
˵ӦҶԳ֮ӿһº֣ӿ˴ģչ˺һĸŮ
Ӧһüûж롣
ŽǰĴţ洫΢ĺͯЦЩһ
Ͼ֪ôûжһ飬ܻǸŮˡ
ܹ߳ЩǵµĻǵֵܵģеο
ӿߵǰӿһ
ҷͶˡ
Ӧһһװδĵҷһӡ
Ƭ̣洫ű򿪡
һӰźվſڣһЦл
׼кӦң

ˣ
лҪ˵һ׽

 74 

ӦҴӳ̤֮ϸ֮·ʼ, Ѿʶˡ
ڳ֮ľһ·, ֪֮ꡣ
Գ֮䳰ȷҲΪǸ׹Գ֮֡ŮˣӦûжٺøеġⲻ˻ڳ֮ǰ䡣
ȻÿһΣ֮
ʼΪ֮ҪӣҲмھЩŮ鳤ԲԸ˵
Ȼʱһ, Ϳ˳֮
Ȼ, ǲڳ֮ںƮƮЦµġ
ϸ۲첻ᷢ, ӦżȻΡһڳ֮õ˵ʦĴ֮ʱһŴ׹
ʦĵλжôҪǲö˵, ˵֮Ϊ˵ʦ, ֵΪ֮ף
Ʊ̧, û뵽֮˵Ⱥһ̳Ӿƣȫ̳Ĭ
Ӧҷؿ͸ѪҺȵΪβԷЦһû˵
ӦҲ֪֮ǰ˿ġ
һ, Ӧҿʼо֮ķӦЩԾ
ڶΣŴϡ֮׹⣬Գ֮ŭĿӡ֮⹴һǣĿ˦Ժ
ӦҰ˱ɫȻףʱ, ȴֳ֮üζ
һΣȷ֮ûϱֵô𰡣
ȻΪֵܻ£޷Գ֮ĸʲô
ֱ֮ñеοԼֵܵûбɱǡ
Ȼô֮˵ȴôûжЩӰƺôǳ
ǶŮ˽飬ŵķչҳݣҲû롣
Ǿ͵˽졣
Ϊ֮ڶģҵĸʱȴһˡ
һôܳˡ
𰡣
ӦԾسʱҲɵͷƤһը˲ʮףһϲ
㣡ǡ
𰿴Ӧңǿϳǳ֮ߵѣ۵
ôôңֲˡ
ӦĿѣ㡢𰣿ǹ
ӿɵһ㶣
𰣿Ӧʶ
ӦҿһϮ£ɫ԰ף۽ǻЩ죬ɵһ˲Ͱӿ˹
ôܲʶǰδޣ
ӿ
ǰδޣô֪
Ӧҿӿָ㲻ӲɵһƣˣӿǺģ֪ͳ֮ľ
Ȼӿ֪˲֪
ӦһɤСʱΧ¶ˡĻǸɻģ׷׷еĲ͹ߣ˳Χ
ۿĸŶˣӦ˵Ҳǿů⣬򾲵ؿ𰣺
㲻ѾѾҿۿǰģ
𰽫Сﱧڻʼ
͵Ǵӵ¡
Ӧɫһ䣬ӿŵеķ˲һأ
Ӧ˵ǹ
⻰һΧԺ˵һ
ӦҸ˵ߴһ
ǣǹܰҹߵĹ
ըף˶ߣ¶ʱֱͦ˼

˲䣬һɫӰǰЦһ
ƽʱǵ̫٣Ȼ͸߶ˡ
Ƕ֣ǵ£ӦͻȻһɤӣǲŹģ
֮ʱӦҡ
Ӧɫ͵رˣָ𰣺
ǡ
֮ߵߣסҪȥΣֱ̧
𰣬ҵδޡҲҵˡ
٣ָ̽ͷ̽ԵСǡ
𰣺
ӿ
Ӧң
ǵǰδƾԲԺҪ˵

ڴ֮ڣ֮ϣߺȾƱЩЩ¶鷢ƪۡ
ղѾĴһõɣ
Ϊӹһ٣ô˵ĶԹѷ£ǾƾԲ
ȻǶûйɣȻǵص㻹֮ľϡ
֪֮ǰ˹֮Ļ飬Ŵ˺ҸǺλйᡣҲ˵Ѹҵһ֪ǲ˵ʲôֻǹȥĿһʹȫȻں
Ӧ󷽣ЩߴߴʱĬˡ
ΪǺͳ֮һʱ䳤ֵܣ˽֮Ը񡣳֮˿˵ʵִ֣϶һ¾Ͳ֡
ԷȻǾ˵Ѿ˳ֵ׼ں˵ʲô
Ӧ̧ۿ֮ԷʹӿűеľƣߵЦڵƹЩУɵô˸
Ȼ֮ѾƱһš
ʱ˶ǵѨһûٶͱ۵첱ӴֵӿͣβҺϡ
̧ۣ֮üĿڵƹа
֪ͨ顣¾ôˡ
ʱɫһסӦұۣ̾һ
ָ֮⻺ŪžƱŵ
óһ˶ڣ֪ͨһ¡һ֮ڣҪס
˴󾪣Ӧֱվ

֮صһȥ죬Ǿ֡ҪѸ£˶֪ҵӡ
ӦҲòŰһ֮ھҪסǲЩִ٣
֪֮뵽ʲô͵еľƱִ٣ǰڻҪ죬Һ޲ͰȢȥ
¸£ͷһҪ㡣
Ϊ컹֮üޣ޲ھס
뵽üۣ
ҵ˽¡ֻҪܺžͺãĪҪʡ
ų֮ļ²ɵǰһ
֮ĻȻС£˵ǾǴ¡
Ϊ׵Ķ𰣬ֺλھݱôͲ֪鷳
ǸȰͿ֮һ١
˳ų֮ǰȥҲɵһ㶡
ڲŴһɫӰһֻſϣ˫ɨǣȻ
ǲ£Ҳ
֮üͷһ壬ôڳ˵ֻҧ
Ҫױۣôڵλиƨá
˵꣬ǰȥקߡ
Сקסͷһ䣺һ㰡
ץסСϽ˻
˿ЯȥӰɵ
Ӧҳ̾һˣɢ˰ɡǲ׸ıġ
֮Ժ󣬿¹¾˫˵ʲôĻ̽һͷ
֮
⻰ʱͱȥˡ
Сգ̶Сۣ޹ؿ֮
ϽСﳶȥŵŵ
ʲô˵ɡ
֮˵ʲôȴйһɾҡͷһЦ˵ʲôȫ֪ҲͲٶ˵ˣֻһ£һڣһҪȢ㡣
һ̧ۿ֮Ѿ¾𣿲ģ
Ȼ֮šü˵ĻԲġһȢΪޣе˶֪ҵӡ
˵꣬ȻЦȻĿؿ
ҹɫµҶ졣
𰿴¹¼Ҫһ˵Ӱӣ룬һͷ
á
ã֮һ㶣žǿϲǴӦˣ
ôס
˵ţҺİɡһڣĸԸؼ޸㣬ҾͲˡ֮Ҫ֣ɡ
֮ϵЦ⻺˻ȥᶨ˫ɤ
ҲӦô
ЦôȨ
֮ĺһްεãҴӦ㡣
ƣΪġ
֮Ĵֺϣ
֣ƺһ֪֮ԼһӦĿʼ
ϾԸ
ȻʹֱɣҲιס֮һϣֻΪԺء
лҪ˵һ׽

 75 

֮ΪǸ֮, Դ, û뵽ʼգ̬Ⱥƽ͡
ÿ糣˵Цƺûа˵ĶԼϣҲƺûӱܵ˼
֮ûиܵϲЩ
ΪԻصжôҲ׶ǸԪ˵ôĻ˰, һ
ҲѾͷڱʲôжԸ㡣

֮һ, 
ʲô, Ҷ֡
˵ţ, 
ҿЩҶס, ˵סˡ
Ϸܹ, Ҳ԰㵲һ
֮Цһҵ˽£ô˼һͷŲ͡һֱСӸˣǰװ𣿡
һϷȻʹˣɱӰǰҲպգ٣Ҫǵҡ
һͷҪ˵ġս, ֮Ͻϣ
ˣ֪㵱
һüģֹҪֹ¸µңҪǳ׽
һޱȼɵ
ö˵ԴһʼԷʱͲ˳ۡСӿƲ, ʵء
˵Ƕ𰻳ԹޣȻĵͬǱ˻ģ𰾹Ȼء
뵽ľͲЩơ

֮۵һΣÿһζܸܵԷϵı塣
ֱ۵ؿԪⲻͬǴӵظĶҪȫռ𰣬µظ
֮ؾͿ𰱻˹ߡ
뵽
ʱ䲻ˣһұҪܣȻ׼ԷСӹ
ܹףЩⶼӭж⡣
֮һ١

ѾƹһˣһϣĸԸؼ޸ҡ

ڳ֮ľᣬ𰲢֪
ʱСںԺĳС
ʱңȡ
֮Ƕһ飬ߵʯϷˮʹȥҲűˮ顣
ýָͷ붼֪˭Ūô̡
С̾һ
Сʱһޣ˯ſǰ˯ú˵ġ
Сͷëʣ
ôҪˣ㲻˵𣿡
С⼸Ѿܹ߲ʵë·ˣ̧ͷһЦ
СʲôӶÿġ
˵ţ˻ԼԴëͷ
𰿴ԴûͷëЩͷۣ
⼸ëɱˡ㵽ʲôʱܳ󰡡
ԤУԼ˶೤ʱˣСԼһ˶£ʵЩġ
СѾΣȻСﻹһµСӡ
СС߳󣬼ʹҲԪ⻤ţ˳˳Ժͻգһ㱾춼ûѧԪѾɣҲҪصԼ磬Сûгɳûߡ
뵽Ͳɵ̾ôԼû޳ȥأͿʼе̬ˡ
СͻȻԺ⴫ӿֽ
㣡ҪҪڲڣٸͨ𣿡
һҲҳģұ˵ġ
ˣ
ӿһ£˭
һ٣һ̾
Դǰ³ȷҡԺҾһֱ˼ᡣڹţѵҲҪֲɣ
ӿһЦⲻ£˾Ůб𡭡˭
Ĭһ£Ȼ
𰡣
ӿˣ㡢Ƿ˸ʲô
ЩǹҪˣ
ӿһ֮ھҪˡ˵û׼κ˴ŷˡ
΢ҡ
̧һֻۣɡ
˵ֵ꣬ҪٽҷˣҾó֮ΧһȦ
֮ͨؽһȦҪ۸˵һȦˡ
ӿһʱʵʵص
ǣ򡭡
ӿ˽΢΢ͷһ
һϮɴ毺ãü΢صعݵһ˲䣬ʱһ㶡
һЦϵƺᡣ
ֻһ棬ŴϣʱվӦҵĺ档
û뵽˻
ῴһ۳һóֵǵķ¶һЩӵЦΪѾˡ
ҡҡͷ֮˵Ǽ
˱ۣţΪôûģΪ˵ˣ׸ġû뵽û뵽Цһ
û뵽ľȻһֱϡ
֪֮ģҲû˵ʲôϵĻ΢΢᣺
ҾΪ˵
ҡҡͷ
ǣĵġֻҪҪ׵˵ǲ㡣
ʣ֪Ϣ
һЦ۽Ǵʪ󣺡ȫµûһ֪ڵ֮ҪȢˣһǼǰδޡ
һ͡
ǰСﱻ˯ţԺ̧ͷῴСɫӲÿ
ұΪƾԲѾ˾㵣û뵽Ѿ˺Ҳܽܡ
ЦãСﲻҵĺ
ȻѾ˵ˣ΢תͷ
Ϊ޸´󼪡һЦ
²֪ɡÿ죬ʧ졣иоȥһˡǸ˱κ˶ҪҪĵףûܹ̽
𰣬֮һ˵ˣûܹץסġҵڵһ졣
˵꣬Ĩ˰ᣬĵؾҪ뿪
ֻǸţʹһ䵭
ᡣ
һ٣ͷ֮ѾվߣҪ𰣬һջ΢Цؿ
һһ٣
Ǹ˾𰡣
һ£ɫɷףȻ⼸֮
֮ĵ׵ŮҲ𰣬ǲʹͷβ𰣿
뵽ʱɫǺ죬ҿˡ
һΣǱ̬š
Ժֻʣ֮ƺֻõķ
תһӿ֪ʱѾ뿪ſӰҲûˡ
ǳ⵵£Щڵӡ
См䣬ֻῴɫĵһθоԼĴЩͻأαĵϣװԼڡ
֮Աߣ΢΢գһµ
û뵽
Ͼһ翴;ܾᡣΪѾ˵úû뵽ᾹȻûġ
û¡ֻҿġ
֮һ£ʱ𰡣
ԴΪֻһû˵
ĺһΪҽᡣ
ҲͷǵĹɣȴ۲زסŵĳ
֪ҵ⣬˵Ļ
ڳ֮͸ӣ
͸ҵĶҿԲܣתˡ
˵ܡ֮ĿЩҲѧϣص
ô֪δ᲻ܣ
̧ۿ˿ϣ˫һ뵣
Ҵϣָ֮ҪԴҺ㶨ԼĻֻǿʼ
֮ɫЩÿһؿ
ʶغˡ
֮Ī
˹ǰ½΢¶׳ţҲ¶ǵĿϵ˰̣
Ȼ˼Ҳ㿴ҵľġ
𰿴Ե۾ɵһ  
лҪ˵һ׽

 76 

֮˵, ϻָ

⼸Ҫȥ, Լſɺá
ʣȥȥ
֮ȥѰҸʦĲϡ
Ϲֲɵһ
СӾȻһʦ
֮ûؿ𰡣
𰿴ǰƣһ챻ء
ԭ֮ʱҵؾķΪ塣
֮һֱ˵ĸ֮, ΪĻʹˡ
뵽, Ͻ
ʵ֪
δ, ϵͳͻȻ
𰣡ĪҪ͸顣
һͣԹҲ, ѵҪؿͷӬһת𣿿Ϊҵԭ, ѾӰ쵽˾, ټʵάʲôʲôã
ϵͳѵóĬ
Σ
԰ʾò
ʱһų֮
ȥɡҲҡã԰ҵȱٵĲϡ
֮ؿһۣʲôûʡ
ϵķ˿صͷ
á
֪ı, ֪Ļﻹ֮⡣
Ȼ˵Ͳʡ

컹ûھͿʼš
𰱧Сͳ֮վڴſڱڶͱ
ӿֿ֮𰣬ûס
, Ҫﵥദ־ǰۣעرܾУαشأ
⻰һӦҾͷһǣ
㵱𣿡
˵ţӦҿ֮С
֪ҪǳűضҪǶȥȨʡֻǡ
Ӧҿһߵ𰣬΢΢̾ҪСġȻλȻѾ˵⣬±ɻ
֮Ҳһۣһɫ
һġ
֪кܶ˶𰣬ȫ׼
ǱˣƲ֮ϣ𰿴ԶȺɽ΢΢ۡ
֮
ȥĸ򡣡
ָָɡ
֮ģ˲ת˷
еԼаյʱ䣬ڸе䣬ɡ
̧֮һȻǵŴϵıǡ
ʱһ㶣
Ȼ
˵ţԶֱİѩɽҪϹֵ壬ҪĻо벻طС
𰺬صҲֵܳĵطпֵܳĵطأ
֮ͷһעġ
˵꣬ɽ΢΢һЦ޼ˣǲǵҺɽϺȾơ
Ҳ뵽ǴκȾƣɵе㷸񫡣
֮ųɽ·һ
һֻǵҪ˶սѵúʵΡ
˵ţ֡
лҪ˵ô

 77 

һ, ֮Ӧץ, شߡ
֪֪ϴʱʲô
̧ۿıӰļƺסеɽ磬Ĵק´ƹ˵ϮؿڣҲɵòһ£ʣ
ʲô
һ, һЦΪѣ
ҵʱ, еŶ, һ᲻㡣
һ
΢
һǵĵһӦң뵽ϾһչȭЩ˷ܣҵʱҲԼ, ֻҪŴϴ, ҳ֮µһΪ˶ĳ, ΪˡȻһعʱȴԼѾվϿɽºþˡ
ҡҡͷǸʱɲϣҾ㡣
֮˵ԼôˡĹͷԼϰָ⣺
ΪʱҺѾƲˡ
֮ߣ̾
ҲƭԼҪȫһϣͰ㵱һȫɵˡǡ
Щ, ȴЩ飬һʼעˡ֪Ҵʲôʱ𣿡
𰿴û˵
֮
ӵһμʱʼ˦űӾһʱǵɫӰͿ
ǵ˵ĳһ⣬Ҳû뵽ǰ֮
Ҳû뵽Ϊĸ硣
֮ȻԸа, Ȼʱ˵ôֱ׵ĻЩڡ
ԣʱҼʹﲻϣʵ㡣
𰱻ƫͷ
û˵ǳָ֮ܵ΢һѲ
ɽǰɽˡҵĻоҾʹصɽϺȾơ
ûи⻨ƣҿɲȡ
֮ô֪ûС
˻ǰƣΪľƳ棬˴ķ˾̳
һЦǿ»ᱻǽǵǰԹغȹɡ
֮Ѿ֪Ĵ²Ծˣڲ²СʱһӶ֪
ͷֻһ꣬ʲôá
תͷصһЦ
ǰϾҪˡʱٺ
˵˰죬ų֮òױļĸ˵
˵ڿԳһЦ
ôܹ̳ſԣ
֮˵ԶƸɽ죬ɵùһǡ
һʱɽ
ΪҪ˼ҵĵѰټ⣬֮ûд
ߵϪߣ֮ǰƵѩɽ뵽˵ġܵĵطпܵĵطɵһ
ǰĻоʱǻȻڻɽ֮أȴûǹߺش
ָѩɽŻоҲǲܡ
뵽תͷҡ
ʶصҸȥ
֮һЦȥʲôΪҵ𣿡
ԭΪ˵õöо֮˲ٿ֪࣬ԼȥܻϺȣԼ֪飬ܰܺܶգǵЩġ
֮üĿһ᣺ٲҲȥ
ϵͳҲ
ǳ֮ؾ֮·Ǹȥ»ġ
ֻõ
Сġ
֮ӿռͳٶϣȻΧ˦һ𶤣ʱһεıΧ
һ֮ǰҪȦӡ
𰣺
ǲǸҳ֮ʹ˫ʹӵģҲûгҡ
֮ɫ죬ΪԸǵ
𰣬޼Ȼа굽ױλڵ˲еӡҲϣ֪Ĵڡͣһ
˵֮Ҳһɬ
֪ȲѣЩ޹ء˲ʲôС
ֻǵã׺Ů׺λڹᣬҲλڵ
˺
ȻҲȫµ֪Щ¶ûϵʲôҲ˭Ůֻ𰣬ֻδޡ
Ҳ뾡ﵽסˡ
ͷ۵ؿȦûп֮˸
ع񣬵
ģҲߡ
ߵǻᱻץߵġ
ѵôԣ֮һЦ
ѶúתҪߡ
뵽ʲôס
֮عͷôˣ
ſڣϵͳҪ֮߳飬Ͻ
ĪҪһ١֮µġ
ĵһγ֮ԵĿɲھôı䶯¡
ϵͳ
˵ùࡣ
֪ϵͳһֻ۱һֻۣɵһ
֮
֮淢ʲôҪǵãһ㡣
֮һЦͷҲص߽ѩɽ
ֱԷӰʧѩɽڣһƨڵϡ
СĻЩߵӣǵ
𰣬ģ˧粻µġ
ҡҡͷûֻСͳ֮ʲôСĵĶƤЦ:
㲻ǿϳ֮ôʱֽ˧ˣ
Сģ̾һ
²òͷ
̿
Сŵ⼸˧Сͦõġ
Ϻõԣÿ׼ʱϵıˮԼһķ䣬רŵźšӱĹˡ
С֪ȫǿϡ
бۿòΪ˼Ϊ˵ûɡ
СϽָ˲䣺"ûûУСԶ𰡣
𰹴һǡ
һɫɫѾ谵ȥֿ˿ԶŵѩɽоԽƽԽ˲
ղűСﶺЦֳȥɵһü
С
ҪǵĴ˧磬Сȥġ

ôȥ㻹ǹԹԸһȽϺáӦûûµġ
䣬ԶѩɽͻȻ¡һ졣
ɫ͵һ䡣
ѩɽ֮ڣ֮һ㣬ΪԼῴʲôɱεĻ壬ȴû뵽Լһ̾ڶѨı
ʮɳͨ徧Ө̳һС
ͷ֮ϣһʺ쾧ӨĻ硣
֮ĴϲѵĻо
ϹҲɵ
Ҫ壬ҪĲϣҪжӦĻԴĻоרõĻ֡
ֻҪҪָտɴ
ϹֿͷϵĻ棬΢΢Ӧþˡ
֮ϲ
Ҫõо䲻С
˵꣬ס󳤵һԾ
ɫӰȣ˲ͷ֮ǰ˫͵ػƿسüĿ¡
ΧʯʱϵۿѾ˾üģȴͻȻ˫ۡ
֮һ㶣Ҳ塣
žһüıĵѷ죬ۿоڳǰ׹һȴ͵˵ء
֮վȣҧתͷ¡һһߡ
ǱҺ壬͵̧ۡ
һתͷͷԼѾǸɽȻǰȴѩɽһۡ
ưôУ˲ϵôŵ֮ϵ֣

֮һ£һ˲Լͷ͵ػجج֮УƱȥ˹ͷ͵Եڵء
ƿһǰһƺת
ڻ֮УԼ
ԣ
ȫ֮󣬺òˣҪҵδڵ
մˮȴͷ֨ѽһ죬Ż򿪣һ˫Ьߵǰ
̧ͷű¶һЦӸµؿ

ѩɽ֮⣬𰿴Ŵɽϻİѩɫһ䡣
һǻ˱ˡ
˵꣬ЩսȭͷҲ֪ڱĻþܼܲס
ԭͷõǾ񹥻˿־Ķ֮ȫ죬صʬ塣
ȫһֱĽᡣ汻ҹų
һΣѾҪ׼ȴҲԼĵӰ顣
СӶɳ𰣬һѩ˾鷳Ͽ߰ɡ
תͷһ۵ϵĽ𶤣ԼҪϳ˵·
ҲԽΪ˵˾ܰԼѩɵӣСѽԶھУ
ʦ֣ѩɽҪˣ
͵̧ۣĸԦŷ
һ޼ڵĵӣ
лҪ˵һ׽

 78 

, رɫ, ƺֻǰΨһĴڡ
֮ȫ䣬òϵ˿ڼıٶѪűˮµĴء
ںͻج֮ʹػ˵Ŀġ
ȫ屻λڵɱ⣬ĿףֻԼδڵ
ֻû뵽ûţ𰡱ͳˡ
𰡱Ӹµؿʲô
֮š𰡱, 
, Ҽ屻λ, ԼҲһȡֻ
δ䣬žһ, һӰˮ, ݺݵسϡ
ƺһ, Ȼ̧ͷ𰡱Цһ
屻Լһзϣ㻹ʲôã˼һУȻţǾ൱ڷһһﲻֵҵȥðյλڡҲ޸һھҪ˻飡
¡һһըʹƳš
صһ˲, ֮ˡ𰡱Ǻεĳ
һ˲䣬ĿھǱһֵݺݵشγʱѪҲȥ˺Х硣
һ͵סؿڡ
, ԼΪôʹʹޱ޼ʵʹУķŭԼʼԺԲơ
ףֻý֮ԣûжٸ飬Ϊοϵı䣬ȻĿھȻǱȥһۡ
𰡱Լ߹Ӷ˺һ˻ļҶ
Ҵȥ[ʤĤ᪚]
˲伸Ҷ˳֮һҧʱзһȣȴĪƺŵ⼸ˡ
ѽ𵶣ɷ磬˲俳ĸҶǰһһ־ͽ𰡱ڱĴϣ
Ҳͬ⣬Ҳ˻飡
ɳơ𰡱ƺû뵽׵شĸҶʮ־ȡ
ع󣬵
㲻ͬҲûãǲ޸һģ
˵꣬˲һذףݺݵ֮ţƺһӣȻо˿ڻҪʹ
ȻˣΪ˻鲻ϧɱ
֮ĵغ͵ŻһѪ
𰡱ɫɷףβ⣬Ҷڵϵĸֵ
ȻѾ޸ĸҳΪһˣкأڴ˿ļȥɡҪ֣߳ʱǱ֪Ļ飿Ժôˣ
Һһ飬ҵĽ°ɣҶȻһõĵطᡣ
Ļ֮³һѪ
ңҪأ
𰡱ͷȻﲻϡ
ĸֵؿڣѪӿ
֮ӣɳƵĿЦ
û뵽ˡ
˫ʱͻȻǰġ𰡱̵ֲЦ
ʱļǱ˺ݺݵؾһѡ
һȻԣǰԵ飬Ȼ񣬵ǲɱ
𰣡
뵽ǰʹʱһգ˲ĸֵץȥ
𰡱Ϊһţ뵽عɫ͵һ䣬ʶֵס
ֻ֮ǰһ䣬𰡱˲仯һɢһץ˸ա
ȻǰľɫҲ˲һ䣬ɢȥ¶ľҹ
һԾĻо
Ļо
֮һ
û뵽ĹȻǹġ
Ҳһأõ˻оһǣһ̧ۣԶԹԵվԶأ΢Ц
ѲЦĳѸٵƵߣҪһϲãر.¶Ұ⣬һü
Ϊβۣһ޼ڵ˿ô죿
һͷĵһۿҡ
֮һն÷죬ǰѺɫȻϲɫص
𰣬ҵ˻оҿ԰Ϲ壬Ҳ԰ļ
̧ۿɫЩȴ˵
֮оøҪһ壬Ҫһ徻ĵطҼáһǵúĳŵʹȥȸ⻨ơ
˵ţҪߡ
ȴ˺һ
֮һ㶣ôˣΪ𣿡
ҡҡͷǡΪΪѾõ˻оҸˡ
֮һŵؿƺԼʲô
˵ʲô
һ̧ۿ
˵ҪˡҲٸʲôĵİϷˡõ˻оҵҲˣҪ뿪ˡ
֮Ҫſڣȴúơ
þãǿһ仰𰡭Ҫ뿪ҡȥקӣ
Ҿļң㵽Ҫȥ  
˵꣬ͻȻ˺ѷ죬һɫһɫӰ˲
ӰĬȻִŵؿ𰡣
΢΢һЦͻףˡ
֮û˵ֻճȭɺ۽ǿ

ۿѩɽҪ޼ڵĵѾߵĸˡ
С𰽹˵
𰣡
ҿˡ۲ǵװӦ޼ڵĵӡ
Свã˧˵ǧ㱻޼ڵ˿߰ɣ
߶ݾߡģۣҷֲҡ
Сס˵
һĸҹɫ£𰿴ǵЩģֻ˵
ʦ֣ʦҪ˲鿴ûмһӰ
Ϊ֮˵ͷܣſסжʮ꣬Ũü緢
һϵ޼ڵĴӼޡ
֮˴ҵʱȺ
޺гޣΪλڡĸΪ޼ڵĳϾλڵλڻģλҪ֮졣
뵽ɵһ´
֮޼ڵˣҲ֪Լˣˡ


 79 

֮, ԼϺ, ȴûһʹ
ŻоɫĹԾţ˵ӣȻʱ˿Ŀȴͬ磬罫ᡣ
Ϊõо֮, ٰ׺, Ϳ޺֮ǵһһعġ
ȻΪڿһϣʱ, ȴҪˣ
, ԸҲܡ
뵽, ؽеĻо̧, 
𰣬ĻоֻҪǻȥͿˡôҪʱΪҪߣ
ȴ޲³֣֮ҡҡͷ
֮, ûáΪҸں׺Ƿϡ
֮ʱһͣ˵ʲô
˺һ ſ˫ɽ°ڣǣ
㻹𣿼ȻҰ統ʮеһﶼǼٵġǼٵģѩҲǼٵ, ʲôǼٵġ
ָ֮һź𰣺
Ǽٵģѵֻ˻ʱǼٵ𣿡
ؿȻһЦ
ôܡȻƭ㣬ôֻƭһʱʵһֱĳҲǼٵġ
䣬Χķͣˡ
֮ȻֻżףȴǸһӣһ˲תУ֮ǿɽ˺ѵĻ
ǳȥ͵ȾƵСƹݣҺÿżȻҹΪ֮Ϊ㰮ҡܹתΪޣֻҲ񡣳֮һжǼٵġ
֮ʱƿһ
ڹ˵ǲǣΪ˵Ҿͻ𰣬ǲŵġ
Цһ£ָվŵͿ˹
Ѿˡ㼴ʹҲ򲻹ˡµֺαƭ㣿
žһĻо˵ϣ޴˲ڻеıѩܻһС
֮ӻ̤˳ӯѪʺüҪ
أǺѵһһж٣Ϊοϸߣ
𰲻ɵһһ
Ǻ㲻һҶĲͬѾˡ㲻ʹΪζ㲻ͬ𣿴𰸾ϸ顣˹
΢΢̧ۣһ棺
ҺľȺ
֮Ȼ³һѪһסؿڣһֲ
ȻȴץһգϥأֻѪĽ¡
˸ţηһɳƵĿЦ
ǼٵģôѵҲǼٵ𣿡
ʵڲԸţȻĻȴϣ̧ͷ
Ҫ𣿡
̾һȴûз
ǡﲻҵļ磬ҲҵĹ鴦Ϊ׺ԭ˵ңҷΪһٵܿࡣ
֪ΪΣʹ֪ѾںһУ֮˵һԼҲޱȿЦĻ
ҿԻ㡣ֻҪڣû˿˵㡣
һЦ
㲻ɱˡ
˵ţת
𰣡
֮ɫһ䣬Ҫǰȴоϥ׹嶼ƺˮζá
ؿɽʱѷ죬ûлͷǵ͵͵ص
ء
𰣡
֮ǰһڣؿھʹɵ³һѪȻء
ʶ֮ʱԺԶԼĳ
ǳЦӭĺ£΢΢ӡȻ֣ȻǰĳģҹƹССӰ
Ӱɽ糶飬ܻظ޳Σž̳һЦ
ⶼǼٵġ
˹ߵߣɳƵص
ȻѾˣΪԾ󻼣ұɱ㡣
̧ۣǰãҹգһͫ׹£Ҳ֪ûûзӦ
ںɫķ.ʱǿգȻ÷Ǹ۾
ڷֱ֮ʱŵǶֹ۾
۷ʲôһ㡭
˲䣬֮뵽ʲôͫһ

⡣
ѩѸٵشɽ䣬ѩƴ
𰿴˿Զѩɽֿ˿ǰļޣɵҧء
ǽ˲ãֻѡһˡ
һżʦ֣ҿûӰѩɽԼԭǻȻȥɡ
һüọ́ѩɽż꣬Ȼ۵Ҳδ춯ʦǼ϶ǲµʲôϸ鿴
վԱߵʱһ͡
ϵṆ֮̀Ҳһֻ߼һЩ̻ѸɨΧĵԼ
ۣ˿ˡ
̰ɨ˸ô죿
뵽ʶսϵıӡ
ע˲䣬ĵΡ
ĸӵ棬Ȼϵǣ沢ûӰ
ѵۻܰȥڣ
ϵӣʱһ
ȻûпϵĽ𶤼ɼطһ˲Ĺ⡣
Ѱãֻõ
ѩӦǴɣǼϻȥʦܷɽ±֣꼰ۡ
ʣµļ˶ʱһ
ֻǼ޵Ļ䣬ֻ¡һԶѩɽ֮ϰѩ𶯣Ƭ̾ͬӿĳˮɽӿ
ɫʱһ䣺
ߣ
˵ţ˲̤Ϸա
СĻż
𰣬Ҳ߰ɣ
֪Լٶȿ϶ȲѩٶȣȻʱԴС
ǼѾƮԶŷĵؽϸӣССĵػڻϽܡ
С￴ɽѩѾҪ׷ˣɵż˲Ҫԭδϸ߿ա
Ȼһ룬ֻʴһϵ
޶ʦܲ̽쳣Ǿ̽䶼ֲã
СﱻŵȫëըҲһ
ʶ̧ͷ˲һɫӰƮǰһ쾫׼ץϵӡ
ķ˿㵵̧ͷȥһͷ׵İĮۡ
޼׳
˲ϳͷ
ͷ޼ҲǼ޵ʦǼ޸׵ʦ֡
λڵץ߹ȡ˹ĥðǳ֮λھȻҲһ˹
û뵽缸ȥˣϵô졣
׳һ֣˲䵲סӿѩȻۣ
Ϸû뵽ô޼ڿû뵽㾹Ȼǵҡ
ݱ¶˲ĸӣʣãΪ׵ļ͵صɴ˫ۣ
𰣡㣿
ս˲˹һָ
ô
һŮӿ𰣬˲£̲סŭ
𰣬ǻأû뵽㵹ˣ
𰿴żеĵ⣬սıӣҸʲôֲǷǵǮ
޵Ƿ
˵꣬ʱǰһ
ڽҪʱСﵲǰ棬۾ƺڿôһѻյþ⡣
𰽫Сﵲ˻ȥСԼ飬ͷ
СżļС飡
ס죬׳
˵λڵ飬ҿɲḺҵ겢δһë
һͣ׳֣
СѾͷΪˣϷȻ룬ĵȴλڵͬˡλɱ֮˹룬ֽϷڶ.˷Ϸ
λˣȻ׺Ůͱֻ֪صĵȰԹ־ܣϷԶ֣
ҧҵλڵϣ𰣬Ҳͷ֮ޣ
׺ѾλڽǸҲѾһˡ޼ڲҲծɻȴǲܸġ
Цʲôʱһˣڵ˲˵㵱Ǽ𣿡
һ͡
Ȼ˵Լ
˵ˣЩŲҲ˵»ѳ֮Ҳˮ
Ͼ˵ȴﵽ׻Ҫۺ졣
ϾȡµһҪԴﵽ
Щ֪¾ƴҲҪѳ֮Ū֡ʱĸô죿
ֻǳƬ̣޾Ϊ飬ʱЦһֱ
ɫһ䣬˲;סĽ
׳ԶԶվɽ֮ϣ֡
ֻǿϵֻ˲仯һֻˣһХԼͽȥűɫ
˲䣬͵شС
һʶصСǰС
ŷѩϯһУź˲ǰ
𰱧С˫ۡ
Ȼֻһ죬ƺʲôϣ΢΢̧ۣö𶤲ΧεĹֵס˰׳
ţһɫɷѩϮ
ɫĹⲨǰƽԭһ룬ĸ˱Ƶһ˲׳ǰ
׳ɫޱ䣬ǿý£ȴ
һ˲̧ͷ
ֻԶһɫӰվѩɽۣ֮Цһ
ҵˣ˭Ҷ
лҪ˵һ׽

 80 

˵ɫ˲䣺
֮
Ǳعڵ, һ̧ۿǵɫӰ, ͫ˲һ˾Ȼǳ֮
ʱͷϵĺˡ
֮һϢ֮˵ǰ𰻤Цؿ׳ǱߵļޣͲע֮ڡ
ʱû뵽Ҳ𣿡
׳óǿж˵΢΢һ, ֮ʱ, úһ̣
СӣΪҲ
ʣµļ־ŭ, ڳ֮ʵɷ˵ҲҶ˵ʲôϽվܵ׳
һӶԼ޼
ʦ, ѩɽ˾Ȼǳ֮, ô, ܴù𣿡
޵ɫҲÿ
Ϊ֪֮жô˵нһҲΪ񿴳̬֮ȣ϶Ҫ𰣬Ϊֹ뵽ղ𰣬ɵҧһ
ȻʹٹҲ򶨵ص
, ʦǰҾͲΪ˺Ƥ
ʣµ˶ʱһ
֮Ϊβڴ˴ɽȻ²޼ڵĵ̰ɡ
׳һ֮ͣ𰻤󣬲ɵۣ
С, ϷȲ˵ĿģϷһ䣬ǷҪ𰣿
ֱ֮󣬶𰰲һ£һǣ
ΪҵжѾˡ
׳ɫʱ΢䣬޸ŭ
ΪҪѵǵô˻ģȫô𣿡
ۣ֮
ֲǰһ䣬Ȼǵ˵ţЦſǣ
ӵ˽ûкЩ˽ıҪҾǻΣΣ޼ڵ˾ҹӵͷϣ
ͷһ˲䱻֮ͷƤ飬ʶشۣҧ
ȷʵҵ޹أ
Ůקһ£ʦ֣˵ˡѵ֪ϾҪ𣿳֮ǰӣҪ𰵽ˣ
һ֪ͣԼ㹦ó֮û취ֲؿų֮ŮԼǰҫʵʲȵؿһԵİ׳
׳ڳüµ˫һ
ϷȻ˽๡ǳСӣ׺Ů׺λǱΪ顣ôҿ϶λµӣ׼ħǸ𣿡
ӱӣͷҲ̫ˡ
֮Цһ
λѾӸˣ׺ҲѾһôܸͷҪȥǶʱ⣬ҪԹйϣҲҪδ𲻴Ӧ
㣡
׳ɫǺ졣
޸Ͻ
ʦλںв֮ǧҪŹŮ
𰣺
ɱԣŮͷͲˡ
ַ֮ϵĳϣǿ׳
˵ĻѾ˵ˣҲظͷҪ붯ԷҲⱻ֪ͱ˰ص޼ܡ
ҧʦôǰ㾹ȻΪһŮҪ޼ԣ
֮ޣӰʦλȳʱ㻹޿ظڶء
⻰һʣµӶʱԼͶĿ⡣
ɫְֺף֪Գ֮ԸԼʦϣԼˡ
̧֮𳤵ôͷǲ򣿴͸ϿУҾʹߡĥ˵úܣкܶû׼ء
׳ǰɢɷĽ𵶣ѾƤӥıǼѾһѪ
뵽ԼղŽ³֮һУֻһɷԼѪӿɫɵһ
֪֮ʵģǰ֮ܵǹƥظλڣ˵ǽӽڡԼĹȻһˣֻǵġ˵ڵĳ֮Ƕϼǰĳ֮Ҳûʤġ
뵽սеĳû
Ȼ޺Ѿŵؿˡ
Σ׳
ϷСƽϣ޼жķϣξͷŹ㡣һοɾûôˣ
𰣺
ͷͦҪӡ
ɫһ䣬ʱʦѡһ˲ʵҧȻԼȴǲңҪʦǲܣֻˡ
֮һǣûдͷƣ
Ҳһλġ
׳һϼԾСҪת֮ǰǾԼӣ
֮ĪҪ⡣֪ҪģֻϷһˡ
˵꣬˲ʧ˶ǰ
СŰ׳ķһƨ
εӣԳ֮ͷˣҲ߰ɡ
ֻû뵽һͷͿֱ֮˱üеĻް
һ֮ôˣ
֮ع񣬵¡
˵ţϸϸشһ󣬿ˣɵûɫ
ΣôңҪǲǱǸͷץˣ
ʲôã֪ҪܳԲ浢һϢʱ»Ӱ㡣
˵⣬Ȼ֮Щҵ޽Ǻͷգ͸ղŻþǸ𰡱ǧ𣬲ɵһ
СĶֱ׾һͷ
˵㲻ҪǸ𣿡
ѩҲû취ܴܲСɡ
ֺ֮ЦؿǼö𶤲ֹܱ㣬赲ѩȥϢ
𰣺
Ȼ򣬹ֲøհѽ𶤴ߣ׳ͷ
ԭû˽𶤵ıԼϢʱͱ¶ˡ
ҲΪǼöӵԭ򣬼޵Ҳûɨõ
ͨǰЩնüģҲԳġ
֮һЦˣ¾ͺá
𰿴Ҳ΢΢ɢңɵʣõоˣ
ôʣ֮ʶѩɽ﷢һС
ڻج֮ʣ͵˵Ļ
˵۷ʲô
ŲԾǰһҲǻþ˲˱üģõĻо
Ȼʱ˿̣ͷģֻϲãԼ޷ӵơ
һпǻþĺ֢ǿѹֲ
Ѿõˡ
˵꣬˵ˣõо֮ҴȥȾơ
̤˼зһɽȥ
𰿴Žµɽ࣬㻹ǵɽͷ𣿡
֮ҵȻ
˵ţ͵˿ԶȺɽ¥ɵ뵽ǴŴȣɵһʱʧ
ĬĬɽĳǻص˵ڶӵĵ֪ԼҪɬǼ
Լһݣ뵽֮
벻˼ҪصǻǺ˵
ͷأ
֮ôˣûоҪ
˵ţǴͳ⻨ƣݸ
˶һ£һھһɽ磬һӵɵô˸¡
֮Ҫóůķ˰֣
òãɽȾе飬óû˼ˡ
֮룬ǰҲǹһӵ磬ʵŪЩƻա
ֹһӵ磬ֻһΣ˵ûһεĳʹ죬һܰ
֮˻ξ̳
⼸̳ģζĲԶˡ
һ˵ƣЩ⣺
ǵȻҲо˶ꡣ
֮ϲü۷ӣΪԴӻȻҲǰ˺öࡣ
³һͻȻ
ǸѩɽԼµ顣
һ٣֪Ĺȥһ˰̣ǵ
֪Щ¹ȥλ̫ǿ󣬲ܶԸ
ҿ˻һ졣
ĻжϣЩŵؿ
֮
ҿض˵Ҫ˻顣
ɫ΢䣬֮ҡ
ȻȴһǣҵȻǸþȻΪսʤ˻þ֮ʱȴֿˡ㡯㡯˵һжǼٵģҺĳǼٵġ
һΣĺһ͡
֮ЦתΪɬ
ǸʱҲŷ֣Ҳ١Һ֮䣬һǼٵģǻʣʲôأ
оһᣬͷ
𣿡
֮ˣҾͲվǰ
Цһļ́ۿ֮˵Ͳü
𰣬ڲ˵һжǼٵѾˡܰһи㣬Ϊ֪Ҳں
һ㶡
˻еľƣ
˵һжעôҵĴڶһֻԣʲôٵģǴʱ˿̣ܸܵ磬ҲƷľƣҲܿ۵ᡣҿġġҸܵģʵģֺαҪ٣
ָһ
ôĴ
ֻǾöˣͶö˰ˡ  
÷׵ָϣ
ˣ𰡣Ȼ˵ôĻԣͲ졣ԼῴҲ
ûеڶŮ˻˦űӶңҲĸŮ˰ҹֻΪ͵һ޾ƣΪԹ֮ʱҳҹ
ʹһǼٵΣӶĸġ
𰿴ݵĲգ۽Ǳɽ紵÷ʹ
Ҳֹ֮߳ĸģĸҲǡ
Ͼټ٣˶ʮ꣬˭ֵܷأ
Զ˳ʱǱ¹緢ǣҲ֮ʱʬɷ׵ǵ뿪ҵʱıӰǵʱմѪĵ⡣
ֵֵļ٣ǲһֵ飬ôͱʮֵ档
ԣģҲġ
ĳɬ뱯ںڣε
֮ۺʱҶҵĸ顣
лҪ˵һ׽

 81 

֮õо֮, ͱҵһĵطΪ塣
ǷҪš
, ﲻ̫徻ûв͸ǽŸͷµڶҾҸɽͷɡ
˵ţ̤Ϸ˲ʧ޼ڡ
վڳ֮󣬿Զƻĳ, Ҳɵúһ㡣
СĻ˯, ͷë紵ը, ҪҲؽĻʱͻȻᵽһζ, ɵ˲ۣ
ʲôζ
𰱻һһէһ, ʶصͷһ
ԭ.ƽԭ, ǰֻһǣǽǵũңʳƮ
Ũôߵĵطͱϡ͵ýӽޣҲСᵽζ
ֺһͣ
ﻹû, ʲôʱũҵʳȤˣ
ǲСԣǿ֮żΪ壬ʱʱ䡣
Сʱؿ𰣺С׳ˣѵ𰲻𣿡
ס죬֮ͻȻ
Ϣһ°, һʱ
Щ˼֮һЦ
ҳ֮æܲһٷɣ
˵⣬ȴǵЦЩ
û룬ʹ˵ϡ
ûվȣСббǰȥС
𰲻ɵһЦ
ֱӳ嵽˼ҳȥˣ
˵ţͳ֮һǰһܣܸоЩϤȻȴЩ벻ʲôʱ򿴵
šü˼δ֮ɫһ
ʱڵĴɩֺɵ߳ŤŤɹСЩһЦ
˵ѵ޲ɣ
ع񣬿СҪ˼ҷˣϽקסСϸȣԴɩǸһЦ
ɩ·˵أдŻ¡һһ׳ԣ֪ɷӦʣ
ɩСﳤÿɰƣɵһЦһ׶òӻҪǶˣҼʮ뷹ҲܳԵá
֣һѾ㹻
ɩʢһ뷹лӣȻһСͷë
һҪʱҵڳ
˭ˣ浢ôʱ
δ䣬˵ɫͻȻһ䣺һ£Һϵˣ
ЩΣʲôˡʶػͷ֮Ѿ˷ϣȴûж΢΢ۡ
𰿴Ҳһ㶡
ʱӣļЩģȻǲǰ˽ʲôȴϵˡ
ΪԼչ˳֮ʱ򣬾ߵﳤŲҩסС
ûλ磬չ˳֮ʱ»鷳
λҲ񲻾˵ǡ
뵽ʶ˺һԶȥ
ʲãУųЩũҽɽһ˹ȥӰӡ
˿ųĬĳ֮ʵ
㼸֮ǰǲܹˣȻһŮȣҾ͵ǵʱסɽɽ¡
˲Զȥ֮ߵߣЩŵؿ˿
ɩˣЩƣʶǸӣô֪
ǶǼǰˣǸʱ㻹û޹ء
Զֻ¶һľݣĬһ£ͻȻԳ֮Ц
ȻˣǾͻȥɡ
֮һ£𰣬ҴˣΪ
֪
µˣҾ㲻⣬Ҳỳ
֮ʱҲ֪ǸñǸЦˡ
ղ·ȥȻСòУҲ޷ֻû뵽ôɣǰĹˡ
ǲصȴҲԼġ
ǰ֮мҲ֮
֪һж棬Ҫ۳һͷˡҲֻвϸԼֻҪܺһá
⼸ʱʱѣԼģʲôǸмĻ
ԼĵطҲ֪Ǹǻ
ûѡߵľǰ߽ˣܿԺﳤһЩӲݣݾ˼꣬ûưܡúܺá
֮ȥ㣬˺ܾûˡӲҲ˳
˵꣬
դãﲻ֪ġ
תͷɫЩȻɵһЦ
һľݶѣǱɷҲûʲô
ƿդ߽ȥ
ԺǿŹѾʼҶ졣ƿľţĿռ䲻󣬳һŴ֮⣬гһС䡣ʱ֮Ŵϣסڸڡ
֮ԺġĹأҪҪȥ
𰷭˸ۣϽҲˡ
֮ɵһЦ
ߵԺ𰿴ǿŹ磬
ҾǰѸ⻨棬ֻϳһֱҺȡ
֮Ϊչίˡ
Ϊûڿҡ
֮һЦ̾һùľƸǺúȡֻϧҾôһ̳ϴҴȥʱȫ˷ˡ
֮ĬĬ£һĨԶֿʱ˳
ǰһ⻨ƣ
֮һǣ̳ӸԴǸҾһ̳Ȼʱ̣ܶʤްɡ
ر̳ӣĳصлл
СļϣļӣЩſ
֮Ҳüҡ
Сﻹһ̳ƣ
»ûһ̳Ҫ
һһͬƬ̣Ĭضӡ
̿
С
СĵذѻƱڣѾȹˣͲˡôõĶҪƷ
֮һţһСˤˣ
ҪϲȣҾͳȥûܹӿʱķһ̳ȸ
ôܳɣľʱ䣬һǾʧζˡ
Сĵؽ̳ϣһ̧ͷɺת׵ĳĲɵһ
㲻ҪҸطɻҪȻɣ
вУ
һ㶣һۺЩпһЦ
֮׼塣شƫƧȻҲס඼ʵũѵõ徻ĵط
¯͸ĵرðȻó»ЩҹĿɡסľݣͲ˷쳣
ľȻˡͷһ⡣
չżϵָС׼ͷȻƲ⣬˵ʧҲûʲô˷š
ȥˣҪһ⻨ƺȡ
ǻһž̳ҧֻܸһڡ
ͷЦѾͷʲô󷽣һƾͱģˣ
֮ɵһЦ
ˡȻѣ֮
Ϊ廨ҹ⼸ԺӶǺͮͮģзţͱ¶ˡ
СðȻǰţֻԶԶؿš
֮Ķϴ㲻ʱʱ̿̿ңǰһǣ˾ʹȥߡ
ĸҳȥһ˹ô죿
һЦ벻ܸ˶೤ʱ䣬صﻹչҡ
ЦչһӲ͵ˡ
֮һ
ϣ𰱧С˯ԺͻȻһը졣ȻѣһۿԼųۣ֮Ժ죬һ߸ݵڵϣ֮վǰȵ
ͷ
־ϲǳɹˣ
Ͻܵǰȥϸݵ˲͵۾
۾էӵһԾ𣬳شЦ
ڻˣ
Сﲻɵס˶䡣
֮һЦ
쿴˿һ͵ʧ˵ǰ
һǰôˣ
֮ﱻ˼꣬òΪˣ϶Ҫú÷һءģͻˡ
ģ֮ϲɫȻײ߲ҹɫЩá
𰣬
ˣʹ취á𰣬ҿҲ
æҲ۾Ÿӵζ֮ǰǲòȵġǾ֮ͿԷŵһߡҪϢ
֮һ٣ƽֲָ
ѹǿһЦġ
ϢȻԱš
ۣ֮ͻȻ
ʦߣҺ㡣
ͷ
ʦ˵϶縸ĸһҪɡ
֮һͷ
һ̾ûôġơжá
ȻƵΪһȻƽһ˾ȫֺγһҸأ
֮û˵ĺƽڳ±ùƺõ΢΢һǡ

ڶ죬ȥɰʳ
˶ǡǸԶߡ
С⼸زʳֲǴھ¥￪һᡣ
ۿСƨڷϴã°̾һ
Сԡô֣ﻹһֻ˵磿
֮һЦҪǲ˵Ҷһֻˡ
Сһ
ȷʵΪˣŻΣԭҲǷϵúܡһҪǳ֮¾ͺһˡ
뵽ԼȻ𰣬ЩΡ
Сͷë̾
ҡ̫簮ûдߴ
С𰣬ġСŬģ
𰹴һЦ
ЩԵʱͻȻ¥´
û˵֮Ǹδȥ޼ˣ
δޣĸδޣ
ĸǸ𰣡
𰣿׺Ůû뵽Ȼû
ûҪһ֮ںͳ֮ɻءҪ˵Ӣѹ˹ذһЫŮȻҲĸԸһ𡣡
˻䣬͸оԼǰķһʶؿ֮ȴǣѾ˱
ϽҪһʶ
֮û˵ޱش߳¥
뿪ղǼ٩٩̸ɫͻȻһ䣬Ǳ˴һȭһʱһѪ
˴󾪣ôǣ
ôˣ˵˲˵Ļŭ˴£

˻صľݣ𰿴ɫôãתƻ
㻹ǰʲôʱɡػһϳ鷳ˡ
֮ɫһЩ
ģһֱںϵ
ҹͷһһС˷ĺ
ſСﱧž̳˯㡣
֮˵գһǣȻССĵطĻΪӣ߳䡣
⣬֪ʱѾվԺ
ų֮ص۾
ô벻Ϸһ
лҪ˵һ׽

 82 

֮óһ̳Ӿӹȥ
ӹ, , Ȼü
ʲôʱôСˣǸʲô⻨أ
֮Ǹ׼ġ
һͣųָָ֮
ɫʦˣеúȾͺܺˡ⼸ҷ¶ޣ˵ˣˮҲûϼڡ
֮Ժ, ¶, ʣ
⼸ȥĶˣ
쿴޾ҹ, 룬Żص
ǻصƽɽϷȰʦѧյĵطȻͳΪƽԭֻصԼϢħħԨ, Ȼͱռ, Ϊһ
˵, Щȥ
ȥҵˡ
֮Ѿ˼ꡭ
Ϸ֪Ĩ˰ͳΪһѻӶˡ
֮ѵҪοһͷ̳
ҪܣǽҾһݡ
ҡҡͷϷܣꡭ, ǲ
֮ɵһعͷϸСµĲɣͨ͸
ʹϷΣ޷ıһСһھƣ
ȥ˾ǹȥˣͽȻҪץסֻŪǱ
֪֮˼
ԷԼ, ȥǹȥ޷ǿҲǿ󲻵á
žָ̳΢΢ľڴỺĺšü
˽ĺܸܵϢô֡
쿴ͷɵ̾һ
֪ԼͽԼԸԣʵǷᡣЩԼ˲ſԣ˵ٶҲá
뵽ļ
ֻ㼸죬Ҿߡ
֮ع񣺡Ҫߣȥʲôʱ
ϷҲ֪ȥʲôʱһ£һ꣬пһӡ
֮ɵһ㶡
ΪҪߣ
쿴ĳͽܣϷɲΪͶ𱨡ȥ֪ÿ˶Լ·Ҫߣỹ߶ԣֻǰܺˡ
֮ͫһĬתͷ
ڶһ磬𰿴ͷԺڴڰǷɵһǰʲôʱģ
֮ſڣָһûһһݣһЦ
ϡ
۾ת
ôȥ
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˵ͷˮڣ
ǰλͲ˰ɣ
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ס죿̧ͷЩ⣺ҪڻȥĶ
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ߵߣʣ
ǰǲҪˣ֣
ɬعһǡ
֪ڳ֮ζʲôġ˵Ҹĸ˳֮ô൱ڸڶ
ͷ书ܽǣְȫļҵ˵֮ҲΪˣĴ֪жô
̾վû˵
Ҫοȴ뵽ԼҲһҪߵģʱ˵ʲô˰̡
֮ϵľᣬô²ʲôɵһ̾еӲݲķϣһǣ
ôʲôͷ뿪ôҵڶ÷ɡ
ԺڣСϾƨɴףǾԼ̫Сʩչֱӻ˴
⼸СֳһЩѾģҲ֪ջ᳤
һ̧ͷմż
Ѿͷˣ
ЩȻǣǰȰ°ɣǼȥϳԡ
ͷ꣬ĶӣãڳԸ뱥һͷţҲеá
˵ţСץԼļϣСͷӾʹ㳢ʲô˼ζ
С￩ЦļϣСԣСԣ
𰿴ֺֺЦʲôʱôˣ
֮ϣһ֮顣
һЦ
˳ɽС·ߣݻƵĲݵȾɽƣԶԶȥǱһ㷺ŽıԶʺƽԭһƬգũҲڳȺϸϡ
һͷǼһЦ
һĿҲȥϼ
𰣺
Цã͵һתͷͿ֮ĬĬؿ۽΢䣬ƺеⶼкͫС
˲䣬˵ˡ
ǰ棬˵߼ϵСЦ
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֮һǡ
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ԶϦ롣
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ڶһ磬Ӧڽţ׼ȥЩΧھӣϾ⼸Լͳ֮סǲٶݡ
֮ڼ鷨һЦҲãҪ̫صġ
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һǺҲֻĸĻƤѣ֪ʲôࡣѵҪƨɲɣ
֪֮˭
˵ţתʧƽԭ
Ʋ֮УԶδԶЩߣЦһ
Ƭ̣ĨȥָѪ
ԸЩαӣǵֹѾʴȡص⣬ڼؤϷЩ뵽ʱװĵı飬ͻȻһʹ
Ҳ׳˵ĶԣʹΣ޷ɱˡ
лҪ˵һ׽

 83 

֮ûдصš
һ֮, Ѿһ, ֻҪǰһͻٲȻȴִֵۣ̤һ
ۣǰڣɵһ㶡
֮ϵ𣿡
һ, ͵˫ۡ
ôܻ᲻ʶ, ļ, ļҡ
ġ
СﳤҲȥ걻֮ǰ, ۵ĻѪɫ
ޱȷʢڻлΪһƬ档
ڶμ, ڳ֮ϡ
, Ѿؽ
ʱƽûϸҲֻһдǣںǷؽ
Ȼʱ˿վϤʺĴţſԼĹֿԶԼŵ, ͻȻۿ
ΪĲ⣬ʵȫ⡣
֮ҪؽѣΪеĶڴлΪҽѰҲϡµʱǿеͬ
΢΢֪϶еļ롭
ۿûг롣
Цһģһ
֮ͻȻǱ仰, ·еŬֵãתͷһͷǾͺãǾͺá
ͷʰһһӣƿš
Ϧ£ʺոµĴŴ򿪣¶ĵ
·һ˵ǰ򿪣Ҳ·Ǽظ֡
ңСĵطҲǳ֮ڶ֮εĵط
ÿһ˵ļ䡣
֮ѹŲʲԸ̤ҵĳʱϻɬϲװģĴ󵶣ǿˡ
վ׺ߣսϵĺޣӸµؿ
ӴŲĿײϣһ֮Աǣһ۲һΪ֪˼˸
ų̤֮ңзֺ̨ͤ¥󣬿ˮᴥˮ㣬Ŵ֮Ϥͻɽͼ֪ɬ
㵽׻˶˼
ۡļɫȻ֮Ȼܼǵ
֮ûж١ֻһȥʱ򡭡Ÿһϲû뵽ᷢô¡
ҿˡ
֮عǣϵָ⣬Ծһ
ҧ̤һҺʱû׹Ԩ
Ȼ֪סģͨ˰ţʱɢơ
ǰҲǶ۾ŭĿ򣬿ûкúùɡ
˵ţӣǿһЦ
ԺԺеļùɵʧһ
⼸Ҳڡ
֮ԭȵѾɻҽˣڼ֮ҵģǿƵļ
Ѿˡ
ߵߣ
㲻֣Ūĸ⻨ʵҶһֱ¡˾͵͵ذڳΪƵζ̫ŨˣҾܵƹȥȡϿ³㣬û֪ܡ
֮ƺ뵽ССӰ¹ĳɵһЦ
ִߣ
СʱƤΪŮĹϵƲ𡣼ֻһŮЩ岮ҵк۸ҡ
˵һЦ֪ҿǷԲǲŮӣǶ¹
֮룬ǰô죬ôû㽫³
ǲһ
ﲻһ
ǲһ
ΪΪ֮Ȼ죬ûΪŮӶƲ
죬Ҷ˵ǰɨ¹ϵҶ
ϲһط㿴
֮
ｫҾ۵סʲãȻƺصǰ˯һӣһ
ǰÿҶ˯ܿǿգҲܽҾ۵ס
̧֣֮Ϊס磺
ŷ֣ࡣ˵ЩҶ֪
ô㡣һǺۣ޲ð߳ҡÿζܣôܻл֪Щ
֮һЦǸʱɲǱܡ
Ŀ᣺ûÿҵʱԼչ𣿡
𰣺ÿΪʲôÿζҼң
֮̿ΪҷÿʱշӺܺÿ
𰣺
ЦãֻһɣѾʼֵǣ
ܿǡ
֮Ҳѧһɣԭҵҹġ
Զҹ졣
ƯɣҲû뵽֮ٴο
˵꣬ĬĬؿ֮
лл㣬֮лл㡣
֮һ㶣ĬĬػͷҹ¶ӣһĲڲںڰ
Ȼڻ谵֮£𰻮۽ǵỹ
һʹĨȥ۽ǵ᣺
ԶҪҵл
ǶǳҲֲ֮乵ֵĲ۵שʯ
ȻֻҪһٵŬ֮¡
ָۣȶƺеɬڼž֮Уƺֻ˵ĺ
СĬĬطˣָ֮Ķޣɵضֻؽסеᡣ
ֱͷǣ֣
˵Ҽǵ֮ŵԡǡʱݡһǡ
һʶ˲õԤС
Ȼ֮ͳһӵοȭͷСڲĵ⡣

Ǹ˼ǡ
װķ
𰶶˵ȥ
֮ͫһһͷָڷһŤ
˲䣬ƺǴʲôεϣɫĹⲨ˵ɢƮһһָɫӰ
ϸȥ˱ۣججƮڳ֮С
ʱ˵ϡ
ϳˣ׺ڶӵĵ
õسǰͬ˯ʱ
磬ûתֻ֮˵ģܿͻɢΪһƬƬƬƮȫ硣
ҪҵһƬ֪жѣοõƴһˡ
ۿ֮㾹ȻĴꡣ
֮Ȼ鷳ҴӦһ
һ
𰣬ҵлоҲвϡ⡣ֻҪҸû˵ĵطһʲôܺòã
ʵʣû׺ʲô𣿡
֮ѾһΣǰ
أ
ǲҪ
̧ۿأòܽòߵһ͸Ըһһ𣿡
֮ǸҪĨ᣺ʲôҪ
ǿֹסʣ֣Ǹ
ʵҾӦòµʲô
֮סֽڴؿ
һЦϳɬ֮ʱоһˡ
ҸһˡұţԼһصʯͻأǵֻܰסǵĽŲһʱǲŻиӹδȻҲǡ
ͷϣ
ԭ谭ǰĸɽ޿ˡ
˵꣬ǿ
лҪ˵һ㣬ȲҪ

 84 

˲, ׺껯Ƭ, ҹɢȥ
ɫĹ£Ǵʱ龰̫ӦǱҹջľɫ
Ѫ죬ش
֮ſյģоȻһƬ, ɢˡ
Ȼ, ĳ׵Ԩ, ȻǶԤУûиоʹ, ǱĿն
ĺֶ, Լ
Ϊʲô
ʵؿΪˮ, Ϊò㣬Ϊһж÷
׺񼫣ø
֮ң⣬˽С΢
Ժûص硣
һжӦյ㡣
֮ؿͫɢ־, ƺڷӿ
ǰɵ뵽˵Ļ²
ͽ͵Ҫץסȴֻץ޵ɳ
ΣɳƵؿڣ
ʵҾ֪ҴǸþʱһ˵ԼһжġʦǸҹ, һֱӱ˵Ļ㱻Χʱһ룬ֻҪԶ˾ܽ⡣
һЦǹĻȣ
ʹòʵҲҪһΡ飬߲ʵʵס㡣Ȼȴˡ
֮Ѫϣ
ЩܰļҲ˺ĵ
¡
Цָ̧գ
ҸˣҺ֮İģôҲģҲԶֻǵãն񡣡
ס֣Ѫ˳˵ָ⻬¡
һʮ꣬뵱٣ȻصҲŷֲʲôƭԼⲻġ
֪֪
֮ĺһ˻ơ
£ָ⣬˿ڣ
𰣬˵öԡˮա
𰻺ͷ
֮Һľô࣬Ҳ磬Ҳʶ㡣
һЦ۽ǵɺ˾Ө
󣬳
ڹâУر
𰣬һ죬ˡ
ػرס̲סʹ޳
˴ĵһ죬֮ӵĳ֮ǰ治ɫĳ֮Ҳѧ䡣
ҫ۵ĹâУ϶ؼڷУĶߣ
ٸһʱ𣿡
ۿݺݵصͷ
á
˼зյʱ䣬ͻصڡ
ڣѴþ࣬ڵǺ񣬻ЦʹƲ㶼ܴ˶
֮ɫһ
ӿͷϴŻ˻ǣֻʱϲ̨ױˣ
ڻˣ
֮û˵㳡ǰ˵ϲöڡ
תͷӿƮȻ뵽ĺ׵Ļ档
ӿվſʧΪǱⷬþˣɵõ󣬸ǰȥһѱӦ˻
ӿЩصҸѵ벻ң
Ӧҿһۣһôôûأû˵ղԾ
ӿһ㶣ϸؿһۣͳ֮úܽȻĬһЩҲûëղԾĶ
ͷӦңӦԴ
ǸԴҪ׵ŮһĬģ·ϳ˰ɡ
ôܣӿͷܵĻǣ𣿡
֮عͷСĵؽҩ˿ϣ˿˲ϣĹ⻬
Ԫÿζ˺Լ𰣬˵ӱܲܽ⣬ԺҲûڵʱ˿ֻԼˡҪԼ
ͷ˳ֱ֮ϡ
ޡǿһǣ
챾Ǵϲ֮ա뿴㿪ĵߡ
̧ۿǴϲ֮ա
֮ͫһӣȻʲôɵñ˱ۣԣǴϲ֮ա
Ʋ㷭ӿͻȻȻƺѷҪ
˶ԴӶ֮ƣ湤عһϲؿһۣȻ˺ͷ
𰿴źͷ΢΢ͷ
֮Ϊϣ
ھҵ
ֻһ̡
˵꣬ס֣ؽҿͷ
ͷ£棬ǶһЦ
ȻⲻڣܰľС֮ϣᣬϡ
ͷһ۾һ

ۡ
ᵽϢ֮ǰһ٣Ķͷϡ
һ˲䣬ٿȻž⡣
Ҳܸܵµȣʵĳ
ڰԼӣֻһʱ
֪˭䵽գһ
֮뿪ڿͨ˫۵ͬʱӿҲһ˲ӿ˶
λŵˣ
̹ŸһȺɽ£
Ҫˣǲ򣿣
ɫ΢䣬ȴرסߵ
𰣬һԶ
䣬ͻȻ磬ѽ𵶷𶯣µĴسܲס翪ѡ
ΧһڿбϯʱǺשߣмС
ڻХ֮Уֻ˵°˲һƺʱҪ˷ȥ
˱õģڵسļҲˣ⡢ô£
Ϊ׵İ׳ְֺףʡŭʵ˸飬ҧ
֮
䡱һڶըˡ
¶ըˡ
Ȼٴ˶ǲס֮ơ
ڿϯģ𰺬ῴǧﲻ֪˵ʲôֻ¶һЦ
֮Ĩȥᣬ
ҲṼ㣬ҲṼԼ
ֻǿʼҲʦ˵öԡÿ˶иԵ·Ҫߡ
ͣͲǰǳ֮
С΢ǳ֮
ԥԥǳ֮
ⲻǳֵ֮ȥˡ
ݺݵһͷ
һǣ֮ϵѷ죬Цһ
ֳ𵶣һһĺУձ˺һѷ졣
Ѿ˺ʱѷѾ÷ϴ֮
תͷ𰣺ȥ
˵꣬еͳԶʱѷâһĽ˲˾Ө
ʼɢˡ
ҲʼˣЩ֪ؿų֮
Сץסͷ󺰣𰣬Ҫ
֮
Ĩȥᣬ΢΢һЦȥɣȥԼȻٻصԼ硣
ס֣˵ʲôֻܷʡ
֮ѾɢͫҲһȻҪҶ˵Ļ۷ʲôҪ˺Լ𰣬㲻Ƿ˭ģΪԹ԰
صͷ
֮ȥܵĻҡ
ɳƣҲҲһҵĳ֮
˲ͺۿҪȫɢǻǰĶͷ
Ǿͺá
𰳹ɢĻ


 85 

, ԼصϤ硣
ǰϤķǵĺɽ, ΪϴαĸһٻҵսѾΪƽء
ĿǽԼŵĻһ£Ȼ̱ɽʯ֮ϡ
Ȼֻһƺʲôȥ
ͷһԭһơ
һӵġ۵, ȴǷơ
˲, ȥ, ǲظڵϣСһ𰣡
ʲôû, ֽ, һ˲, ͿĿռ䡣
ڵģռпռģһ̳̳ĸ⻨ơ
ľռ䣬Ȼ۵ģǷмһʺϲ
عǹһõġĬ
, ռ䶼ɵ𶯣̳ײ
С״ãϽ˻𰣬񣡡
˲ڵأǱе, һſ
ȻĿʼû뿪ϵơ
֪ӶԳ֮жҪҲ֪ӵ״ʲôû뵽ȴһ͸
С̾˿غ
𰣬ѹˡ
û˵ֻգ֮䣬ͻȻԶһɵỽ
𰣿
һ㶣͵̧ͷһǽɽϣһӰԵ
αѾӨȻȴɽתţƴճ޳Ӱ

Ŀ⼴ʹúԶȻɽ޴ڵķ磬΢Ҳűײǧٻص
°޳Ӱĳ.ǹΪһ塣
𰲻ɵվߵǰ΢΢ǧֻĸ֣
ˡ
ûɣûоȣֻǳȻǴʲôأ˲ӿ
ؿڣоǻ֮ڴķ磬ʹͿɬϵײ˺ķѡ
ˡ
ĸ̫Ѱ˵ȴѰһ²ȥ磬һƽԶΡ
ûһ緢ʲôҲûΪʲôǰ
ֻǼ򵥵ĸ֣ǳųĬȴ˼ԼبŲá
ͷʼƲסز
һ˲䣬һֱƺҵɣĵĵ̰ӿʼӿʼܿصسǻҪطй
ִֵؼ˺ܾڱƣ¶ƣĴ
Ȼ䣬վסһҪеͶ
ȻٶĴҲûб¶ǰɣҧۿƣɽԼᣬֻÿԼ
ڳĬ֮Уֻһ޵̾
оԼıһȣɵñǰһ壬ԼĶͷҲĲϡ
ЩӲػסû˵
һ˲䣬еϢ
ǴһȻϢǳĬĹ£µĵһ¶ˮ
΢˲ûеĺһҪһ£Ȼ޾ƣûסһʣļͷˡ
ָıḧҵԼĶߣ·ůİ̶ԼֻҪһ̱á
оĲСĵذı
̧ۣԶƮ紵òҶ졣
һµҲɳĮ֮пˮˣصǽ֮ҵԼĸȪ
ʱ˿̣ŸȪ
һͽ顣
Σоص
뿪һ£ĸܵ㡣
ûһ·£˵ĸĸתơ
ع񣬻̧ͷСĵս˻
Σ
ϴߵôæҸûüǸǿ϶ܵġ
ƽһȻܵģûеĵزҸϾʧ£Σա
𰲻ɵÿЦĻ𣿡
Ͼһĸ˴սʲôʲôˡһӵĸĸֲɵӣôܻûвԾ

ڰ˵ǼٶҪ
𰲻ɵһ㶡
̧ۿһĬȻüƺһ׵ĺ̶̶ײԣһľ
ͷ
һǽ͵ġ

Ҵȥ
𰲻֪뵽ʲôһ£æ
⸱ӣȥǿ϶ŵǶϡ
ŷ֣ϺָϻѪɫɵһ䣬˲չġ
ĵƤ⻬üͷʱɿˡ
û£ֻǻһСӡܿˡ
ȴûȫ̧ۿ
ҼǵãǼһγֵʱҪɱڶεʱҪƲ֮ȥһΡΪʲô
ָһҡҡͷβǣֻǡ˵
𰣬ҪһеĻԸ뿪㡣
ͫһ
һ£߻ƣ·Ѫӣ
ûʲôҪûܹ˺㡭Ҳ⡣
ĺһɬЦŵͷ
ԺҲˡ
̧ۣһǡ
ظģ﷢ϲá
˲䣬;ǰһ˲
Щ޴رСתƻ⣺Щ˻鷳𣿡
ߣˡ
Ǿͺá
֪˵Ĳʵ
кܶ˵ϲܾϲᷨϳ˷纮Ϣ֮⣬Ѫζ鷳١
£û߶ǻڷǣΪʲôԶ
뵽ۿЩȡ

𰣬Ҳ뷨ǲ᲻ܵġԪ֮һ
˹Ȼǲһ
ΪرԼɱһΡ
أԵܵȥԡ
˵ٰˮԼ·Լߡ
ҡҡͷʾû¡
û˵ʲôˮҵݸ
Ϣһ£Ҵؼҡ
ؼҡ
ظ֣ͻȻˡ
ؼҡһֱĿ꣬ȻļңȻӲỳĸ飬֣
ͷãؼҡ
ѵùһǣӹˮңһƾ档
մϸǼڷ⡣
Щڵػعͷ³ޡ
ΣЩ˯ʱʵķЩƲƺҪɢˣ͵ۣͻȻ
ȥһ·ɡ
·
ָָԼϵǱҲܾȥ
˵ͷ
վȥ򡣡
ֻǸһ֪뵽ʲôͻȻһ١
𰿴ͻȻ߻ԡ
֣̽𰣬Ҵȥ¿ɺã
ع񣺡Լߡ
Ȼһͨ䣬һվɵû


˵꣬һͿ䣬˲ͽ
СĬĬطɵϣóס
ССؾһ΢ؿ
£ü۳ȻȴҲסκ졣
Ĳܿ죬˲Ψһһ.ͦĴǰСĵط£
ңһض㡣
˵꣬ӻͳһذףģȻ⸽Ѿû˲ޣ㻹ҪСġ
ذףСϽУСᱣգ
һǡ
ۿͦ޳Ӱʧɽţذ׻һ
СĲԣЩ£𰣬ôˣ
Сϵֲ˶ˣŻûбקȥ֮ǰȥɡ
С󾪣𰣬ǲҪС𣿡
ʧ˵Ļ𰣡ҪССԵúٵģСﲻˣСﲻʳˣ
𰱧ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ҽʲôֻΣա
СＷ᣺Сﲻ£СԼһߣҲˡ
ۿһ죬һ˲䣬ʵһѷ컺һӰƲ֮д
С
Ļˡ
صĴͣȴҲѿ˹˹
Сϵëʱըֻ˲䣬һĽɺħ
Ҷۣʧˡ  

ߵɽ£ۿŷǾǰ
ͻȻտޱȡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫ䣬͵תɽȥ
ϢͻصɽϣȻǿ£ֻصҶħչĺۼ
һʹɵõϥء
ͻȻɫһ
Ҷɫ֮µģǰ͸塣
𰡭
лҪ˵һ׽

 86 

Ա˹ץõ׼, ȻڿǰһƬ֮ʱ, ̲סһ
˹һƬ
ǰʥŮΪΣְԿ˹ħʱޱӶ񣬺޲ó֮졣
Ȼȴе֪, Щൽ׶Կ˹ԼȺʲô
ɱ̰, Ϊ, ɱ˾̲֮㣬ҪǳƤγͳ, ÿһʬõ쾡Ĳݡ
˹ļ˾һر
Լ, ڳΪ֮, ޷ԵĶ֣롢Ϧڳڹţڱɱ֮󣬼ʹΪ˶鷨ʦҲӲΪеˡ
Ƭ̵ţÿһѪ졣
ȻֺγҸЦ, ʢĽӵеÿһȺʬϵڻ޵üҪѪ
ֻǰָþеģˡ
Ϊ, ޷˹ȵطŹˣֻ֮ǰҪȫɱдһ羻
Ȼĺ̫̣
뿪Ѿȥһӡ
ĿǻĽɺգѪȺɳϴ̼űǶˣһʱ԰ͼеغϣȻĴ
˹ڻԭ֮ϣצڵĽӡ
֫ΪȻشȥСץסҡҡ׹
֪ڵƺɵȻͲܾġ
ΪԼᱻ˹ץצ߱β;û뵽ȻǱ
ʱ˿̣̻Լ˿˹µʱ׼һĵطԼ̳븹
죬˹ԾǰȻ壬ǻԼ˼ά߼ģڵһ͵סûԼ˵һ仰
ĺһң﷢ͳҺ
ΪˣǼѵشһ
˹ҷɡ
˹ȻûӦӱһϢȵĻǲյͷ
ʱŵ
׳צز˵棬ûжԶһͨɽǰ
ѵ̧ۣɽ֮ûһֲҲûа·ǵҽɵȣ΢΢ᵽеѪȺ
ɵ𺳣СҲɴ̶ۡ

ЩãȻʯ֮צۺͱչĺۼʱ˹
ɽ
ǿ˹ĵط
ɽѾûֻкɽ
˹һϿǰԶһ޼ʵһ죬𰲻Ϊʲôķ϶Ҳݲôɡ
˹ͣһʱһɫķϿ֮䡣
ǰһԾʱһռ䡣
̧һʱˡ
Ϊһ޴ߣ˹ô淭ʮȦ´ࡣ
Ȼ֮Умĸɲ֮һ
ȫһסϾڳʶľǳϲĶǵסоܿɽһߵĲƱ
ȻҲȷǿ˹Լߡ
ΪֻŻ֮͵Ķ֮Աǡ
һӣʹͿ˹һҲΪ±˷ûߣֻֻƬ˽ط
ڿ˹ֹ߲ļңҲޡ
ڽĵ˵һؼҡλȻĵģȴǱذס
Ϊαץᱻϵĸ۵ĵطж˿飬ȴû뵽صߡ
˹һԼĳѨһ͹˸ɲݶϡ
ҺĸɲݶרΪϢ׼ģѾһߣȦûˡ
СĻ̽ر˱ġ
˹壬ССһӰԼȫҲصĵطǶʱоҽסڴʹͬʱıҲڻ
Ǹ
˹ⲻĳ𣿡
죡
Ƶβһɨʯײʯ϶ʱˤķѡ
𰱻һɨԽ˸ɲ̧ͷͻȻϿ˹޸
ͷ޴Ŀһգգض
˵ʵȻ˹ദܶΣȻŭĿ˹ͲŭĿ˹ȫ̬㷣ҲǵԼ˵ʹǿ򶨣ᶨػ
ټĶѨ֮ڣƺֻҵĺ
˲֪жã˹ͻȻڣ
𰣬ӭҵѨ
˹е˻ĵͳ˿֮𰱻Ŀڷ飬ɵú˰벽
ΪʲôҪҴ
˹ۣ׳֫תȦ
Ϊȫĵط֮ûܹҵõʹǼƽɽҲҵ㡣
ƿԡ
ת壬
ѵ̾ɱ𣿡
˻䣬Ǵ˿˹ʹ㣬ͻȻתͷ
һɱģڣ
֮һһٵĺ֯һ𰴹ޣ˹Ժ޻˵
ѵɱԼ֮ͻ
˹һȦؿڣ
㲻öô˵㱾Ӧһеࡣ
˹ıϢоԺƺ
һԹǿеҪ˺ʱѷ죬Ȼÿζʧܸա
˱ˣҲ˱ʱյɣҪҵ𰣬һ仰
ѵһЩ꣬Ҳһԣ
仰һħ䣬ûʳԼ
ÿײʱѷ첻ɣ˿ڵʱͻԼ
ѵЩһ
˵ġҰ㡱Ǽ٣
ϲĳҲǼ٣
ҲǼ٣
ô֮ʲôģ
֮У侹ȻʱյķʹһÿǱ˿ҹߡ
ֱڰ˻ԼصĳѨͻȻ»֮ҹ˵Ļ
˲䣬ЩϮʹǣʱ˿̣·ЩٶҪˡ
ϱЩļĥ·һ˿޾ĵȥ
ýʣµжϣڵ״̬޷ƽĹͨ
뵽˹תͷ𰣺
Ϊ˵һۿţǰȰһбޡʱһһ׹
˵꣬һ˲ʧħС
Ͻǰ˼˹
Ҳ嵽ħǰȴħȻ棬ȴҲһ͸ͭǽ벽ȥ
յһħ󣬻عͷſյߣЩӵ̾
ǱץѨˣҿɲǹ
СﻶϲһȦ
𰣬ô󰡣
ܲ𣿱Ͼסĵط
˵ţֱ̧۽סССĵʯߡ
Ѩ谵ʪ𰲻òߵССġֻʯϰ߲צۣɵһ㶡
צ۽еѾصԿצʯץΡ
ָ΢΢һƺһɺĴѪȵ塣
Ѫ
ĺʱһ͡
۾ֻҪԼѨͲ׿ҲռС
ʯϵצ˭ŪģԶ
־Ǳ̵һ͵˻
֪뵽ʲôĵܵߵм䣬ɴۿŻһѨ
ԭָֹ£ǰߡұߣͷءȫצۣ
ۿһȣǰƺֳһʹӡ
뵽˹ղŲȶģ
һ꣬вͻ᳢˺ѵʹ࣬һ£˹ƺôʹġ
𰿴ľϽͷСﻺ˸ɲ֮ϣЩһüġ
ΣССԺᷢʲô㶼Ҫ֡Լ飬ұҪԼԡ
СﾪŵصҪɱô죿
Ҳҵҵ⿪ĽᣬﵽҲˡϵῴϣҵԸɡ
Сǿ϶ؿȥģֻô˵̲סરવᡣ
𰱧ĸɲ뽻ܵʱͻȻоһ˹ͻȻǰĳֹͣȶڸɲݵԱߡ
ʶǲϳʲô⣬ɿβͣһˮ˦ߣȻߵѨ
һ㶣ͷǴˮ
ղŲŵļӵļɽΧԲûһϢֲﶼûУ˵ˮˡ
Ҳ֪˹׷˶Զĵطҵˮ
һСĵؿѨ
˹㲻𣿡
ڰУûж
ֻһй¶ĺʾƺ
ˮҪ߹ȥȻ˹ȴƵĺ

ĽŲʱһͣ
ûٹȥǽˮӸ
ǲԵĻɱң
˹û˵
Ľµĸɲݣĵط㻹˯ɡɵĵط̫ʪˡ
һΣ˹ֱӷһŻǵıϢ
̾һתͷСѾЩˮˡ
СϸȣʲôʱֻûûΡ
ҹ𰱧С˯ԺͻȻʹƺİƺͬȴȻͬ
˹һų򡣡
ûԹԼ
Ϊβ
ΪΪʲôûʣ
۾ƺߣִצץʯڵʯ£˹βڲػɨ
˹Щĵؿİǲˣ
䣬ֻİһһ˲˳
һûȺһǰһڣһ͵ؽѹ.¡
лҪ˵һ׽

 87 

˹ɺӽض, ȵϢĶ, ȼ˸ɲݡ
һһ˲о༸˺ڡ
ѹǿӲοǻҵľ˹ȫͫףǵǣʧȥǡ
˹ôˣ
Ų벻ȷ
Ȼʱ˿̣ڿ˹, ֻһģӰ, ˵ʲô˹Ӧ
. С, 㱻ѹߴһӸɲݵķ϶˳ȥ
ſ˹, һ, һСһ͵͵ĶƤ, Ȼ˹ȴצӣ׾ٵؽ֮£Ȼͷطһŭ
𰲻ɵý˫ƫͷ㱻ŭϡ
Сڿȳ򣬴󺰣
𰣡С
һֻۣϾҪɷԭ, һ
ɲ뿴һһֻΪ᲻ᱻƽ˵ô޴󣬵۷ġ
ϽֹСἤŭģ
СڿӲɲס˳תͷ, һſ˹ɺӣ֪϶⣬ûħֻ׾ķʽ
ѵشצ̧֣СĶ̽ȥ
˹ҲߣҾ͹ԹԵצ£㲻̫š
˹һָ⣬ɤ﷢ֵͳع
Сĵؿ˹ڴ䲻ϳ֣һǰһͿܱҧָĴ
ȻҲ֪ԼĵֱǶԿ˹̫ģûкˣָطǲ
˹ϳϸϸܵƬ԰赲һ˺ʱ˿ůָ⣬ȴ㣬˲ſһ㲨ˣ˹ͫһ˲ͷӾؿ
һڶԷɶצǿ
˹ﲻҺ𣿡
һ֪ҰﲻʲôҲؿԼӲ
˹Ҳ֪û˵Ļ죬Σָϡ
𰲻ɵһЦ㻹
˹ɿβͲ֪ǽ껹ڴһ˦˲һžʯ
֡
˹ıǼ⶯˶΢΢ſ¶в;
𰻹Ǽֵţ֡
գ˹ǻصͷСĵؿڴսһԼȴܴůĻԴ𰿴Сģǰһϡ
˹͵ؾȻԼϣһ˲ͫ׷ŴβҲҡˡ
Ҫ˦֣ȴԼı͵ġ
һ˲䣬ֹҲˡ
šϲ㡱
ָһſ˹һ˲ͫףᡣ
ʲôʱ򣬿˹ʲôӣԼʱӰ졣
֪ʱ˹ıϢƽβҲɨǲܿƵزСȣĺٶȷͳĹҲвζ
ջ֣ȴƵвצһͽץȻԼ̤˸߸ߵĲݶϣΧм䣬̳һš
Щ㶡
βצһ£Цã࣬ƺҲٷʹɵ̾
úúãǡָ֪ǵʱ᲻Ҫһҡ
˵ţĴӣСĵġ
˹Ĺεץ뿪벽
űĵ˰СʱˣֻСȻѹ¶Կ˹Ŀ־壬ײײطɵߣ𰣡СС
Цãʲô֣ǰ𣿡
˵ţСͷ
СۣСϸʹꡣ
𰲻ɵ²ۣôˣѾܻˣ
䣬;仰ԡ
ֱߵֹܻΣһ綼ˣⲻҲ
ĻҲ֪Ѻԡ
ЩӵĿ˹ıӡ
˹ۣһϢ
İʪʹôĸɲҲסտ޴ڡ
ΪҪڸɲ´պһϣû뵽˹צ»ͦů͡
ץֶҪȡ
Ժ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬Ǳѵġ
⿴ãȻûдĴǴϢҶ˶ڣƺֻǿţᵽůζ
ԺۣתͷͿ˹˯㣬ƤȻ˯ߵ״̬ϢҵӺöˡ
ʱһ
һתͷСҲ˯ԼëµƤ¶ķۺɫŶƤ˯ñȿ˹
ЩСطŵԱ תͷڻ˯Ŀ˹ε̾
˹˯ôǺüûϢˣСĵشצ˹ָһһϽѸɲצ
˹Ϣֳȥ
ݺݵһСﱻζ˽Сʣ
𰣬Ҫ𣿡
ߣߵĻô⿪Ľ᣿
СʧԼĶƤСˡ
һˮȳǵвУ
Сſǻ˵Сϳ˯ŵʱͰȫˡ
𰣺
ǿһͷһյĿֻôȫˣôĶƤ
СЩ˼Сûʳ̰Щ
ΣڶħţҲܳȥҲȥ˹ħɲôƽģ˵һˡһֻ񣬾һöҶ
䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôضŶڵöҶ
С￴࣬ɵЩ£𰣬ôѽȥС̰ɡ
תͷĵص춼ھĶƤ
С
Ҳ֪˹ħΪʲôʧЧǻңҲʧȥħƿأ֮һöҶܽ˶Ҳܳȥ
С̤˶ڣͷһխĵ͹ȣȫ벻ôĿռ䡣
ֲÿ˹˵ҪɽƽҲҲ
ǿȥأ˹˿ǻżġ
СĵصҪ˻ɱġ
Сë΢΢һЦǾ͵˵
Сơ
˸ݼɽߣһӣ˲棬СﵹǶʲô棬رɽĽİ͸΢Ĺ⡣
ͨ͸ľʯ
СﾭĶϵı￴ϵĶɵþúܣҪϸצѾʯڳ
ЦãֶضǣҲûáУڲˣ
С£Ͻɻļϣ
˲ã߳ɽ𰱾Ϊɽôû뵽ɽȴֻԼ̫򵥡
ǺɫģǽģһۻΪѾһƬһССķ綼ܾһ˶ߵķɳǰš
𰲻ɵóĬ
СȴڹԼĶƤȥצڵ£Сﶼʺĵط򾶼ûУ
Сﱧ
ﵹһЩƣҪȻȴպϴպϣ
СľƣԼ᲻úȣСҲȡ
Щᡣ
ﻹծȴ˹Ըȴû뵽Сﳶ˽ֻСԼһӡ
С𰲻ģСѾԹˣ𰵽ڶûгԷء
ôһ£˵ͻȻоǰɳ𣬲ɵӵס
ȴû뵽ŮžȴĶ
ɯ
лҪ˵ںҹ˯Ͽ

 88 

, жһ, ɵһ
ڼ﷭ңϵΪ׵ļˣǼǿ˹¡
ڿ˹ơ͢ʱ⼸˾ǰ棬һ·鿳ɱ˹ǼνǾӹΰ
Щ˶Կ˹Ĺ, ˶Ϳ˹֮ľһֱ֪֮, Ϊ͢Ķ, Ϊ˹£ǶĺԲ١
Ǵʱϳ, ᷢʲôԶ
뵽, ʶսϵıӡ
СҲըë, ؿˡ
Լ߰˸˲ǰЩ˸߱ĿһףĿͣ°ڷʱ, ŵƽԭϣΥ졣
Ϊ׵ǰ𾪵ؿһۡ
˳ޱ׳˶Ȼ˲ֱӵļ⣬˳Ծĳࡣ
޷, ԴһֻҰޣĿԶ׼һ塣аΪȺںĳͻбȫɱ˼Ǻࡣ
˿˹ĽԸ˹£һֱ׷
ʱ𾪵صɴۣоԴЩ¡
ΪɯǵǰȥѾʮˣǼŮˣû뵽һ컹
ʹĿ˺ܶ࣬Ƿüۣ̬߰ôϤ
ʣµļҲЩزǶǺ£Ϊ͢ʥŮȴһֱαΪְԱʵҲܺͿ˹ǿ⣬Ҳһֱ˼ɵҪǺ˲һֵ˺á
־ŭɯ㲻Ѿ׹ɢΪλ
˵ѵǰɯ飿
ܣҧۿɢ˵ġ
˵˴ôֻ֣ǺͰɯأ
ǲǣץ֪
Ĭһ˲һѺɫ޸˲
ȻԸ嶯Ҳһ˵С죬ȥʣµ˲޶ԡ
Ҫ֪˭ץסöҩʾ֪ˡ
𰲻ɵΣ⼸˶Լĳֵ̫ߣԼװʶĻᶼҪץ
û취ֻӲͷƤˡ
ϱԼһʥŮħʹûп˹ߣڽ͢ĸħԴļӳ£ҲǿסͿ˹սʱҲ¿˼С
Ѿһ壬ȻûǰôҲ֪Щֶܼá
֪ʱ˿ǲ˵ģǳеĳޣ˲ӭȥ
Ȼõ磬ײ˶ʹħ
Ϊ׵İһˣʹ޸ϸħҲı䲻ֱײعʽ˸գҲǿԿһʱ
ʣµļ˲ǵؽסƷһƷ˵֮ھ𰣬Ȼν˶ֻҲ赲һ˵Ĺټ书·죬˶ִЩİҲûп˹һʮᡱһʱ佩
ֻʱһͲЧˡ
ۿԼľ޸޲סʩչﲻɵŭŭһˡܡĿ꣬ȰĴƾ
˵ıɲǿЦģʱоһȳľϮɵɫ΢䡣
ƺѾԤԴķѵģʱ¶Ц
һҧذ׶ʱӭȥ
ƶʱͨ͸ɵòҺһ
ƶϣŰʱ򣬲ʱѹļͷذһͷľǰһ
ҪھͰͷ
˴󾪣û뵽˲ͱƿס˲ֹס˲䱸ؿһۡ
𰿴ԼǣҲɵɿ
˵ƤӲ׾ٵƿƤǿ͸ذס
ЩϰħֱӴȥ֪ɺ͡䵶
ذҧгݣȻȴذϵĺҶһ¡
׼ЮְԼ֮ǰĻС
㿴С涼㡮񡯣Լܸ㶨
Сɵͦظ
ذڰĲһᣬԼߣȴû뵽ͻȻһ͵͵ĳ
ɯ㣬𣿡
ʶ̧ͷһ۾ͿڶǸŮӡ
Է˫ɴʱˮʪɴ
ղŮӲڶ棬ûע⣬ʱ˿ԷӿϳŮӡ
Էѩá
ѩŮǺԼڹ͢һ𳤴ģΪûоʥŮĳƺţټܵħյԥر˽͢˿˹ĶС
𰿴һѩɴɵûһ¡
УȻֻʧһ룬һըѵ̧һһ̵֧ļʸƿϯɳԼ
ǶΨһһֻļƣӦòס
´󾪣Ҫذ׵ȴˡ
ֻ΢΢գ۵ĹöʸƿѾǰķ˿
üĲɵñһѪ
СҲûзӦɵ÷У
𰣡
ֻñۣǧһ֮ʣǰͻȻسһɫķⷨɲϢöʸûе˲ͱһѷĭ
˴󾪣ѩֹסᣬɴ˫ۡ
Ȼ˶ǰķֻи˼ıӿ
Ǹǡ
˿̣ߵƲͻȻһӰڿըֻ˲䣬޴ķ𣬰ô˶αһεӵʯϣʱһѪ
޴Ϥ󱬿һź׵˳󣬷ֽڻˣ
ǣ𣿡
лҪ˵˯

 89 

˵Ϥħ󼸸սս, ôĿ˹, һ˾Ѿƨˡ
鱾Ͳ԰׵ƤʱûѪɫѩ˿˹ҡҡ׹
ɫ䣬ͬĩһʱԵڵأȻʹµøεѣҲضԿ˹
ˣ
˹𰻺, ĳؿ, ΢΢һ, ¶ڴϣѪ
ʮ֮ǰ, ҾͶ˵, ɯֻԼԸ, ûʸ֡Υҵָ𣿡
˵һ飬־¡
ǣԭǰŮ˹Ȼǰɯ֪Ϊ
µǣʮǰ˹˵Ļ, ȻǴʱøɸɾ
͹͢һս
˫ڹ͢ʱҪ˹Ըɯû뵽˹ؿһۣ˵ɯ˭
ȻǼѾȥʮ꣬Ǽ, οɯʱͱŭɢǣûһܾʮǰ
ΣʲôɣΥһεĳͷⲻˡ
ѩߣѩɫҰףɵҧ
ˣɯ
˹΢΢һ飬ʱžһݣȻһѪ
ɫ䣬ѩҡҡ׹ʱ˿Ѿ֧Ųס̱ڵأ־µĨȥϾѪ飬ڵϲϲţƵ
̶̼Ϣ֮䣬˲ʡ¡˵ĺ鼸ʪǰأȴûһ˸̧ͷΪ飬Ҳûٸɿ˹ľ
˹Ŀ⻺ɨˣϡ
ɫ΢΢԰ףüͷüһ졣
ʱָۣһǵѪƮ
֪Υҵʲôĳͷɡ
ɫһף
˹һĵĹ涨
ΥҪһֱۡ
ܳͷҲԣôȴǵıضʹࡣ뵽ҧһħ͵شԼҼϡ
һü˵˹һ˲仯Ϊһץס˦Լıϣ͵سʡ
һ𰲻ץסƬСץļϡ
Ʋ֮ϣȵģЩѵصס
˹ķĿһ
ղҪҷ𣿡
ŷȻʥŮֲʥĸֻǡ
һղҺǵĶԹͬûжԴңҿԻԸǼӣҲôʤ֮䡣
˹ʱɳƵЦ𰣬ΪΪѵԼֻǳͷΥҵѡʮǰʼҾͲᱻκӰ졣
Σ޻˵
Ϊʲô¹ԵһһͻȻ
˹
˹һӷ̵ЦȻ޷ƿ壬ҿϱ˱Ӻȫһ˹ƲסԼԵĻðĵĿȨó
˹Щŭѵ˹죬ȻȴƲסأ˼Ʈϡ
ϣֿʼʹħҴܡ
ÿҪܵʹ࣬ΪҪǿʹһʱͻȻеһͬһƣͬһƬ
ʱǱůһԺۣһӰţԼıǼʱȫƺͨ˵硣
ʹʧȥǣȻĶȴҲһЧֲܿƵĲĸо񻹲д˹΢΢һ룬ɵȫһβܿƵһƫ
һʶر
ѵˤҵķ𣿡
˹ĿһУһתͻΣǰһͽסҲס˵˻ֻС
ûκαֱֱ׹䣬ĳüĴĺۻɱ棬ͫײЩšȻȴҲһֱԹԵشĻû
˹þ£ʱīͬĺ
˲ɵöӣ˴˵ӰӳڶԷͫչ֮±øγ
һ˲䣬ƺɳ⣬ֻб˴ˡ
ٶ죬¾Ǿ¶ӴĹ͢
ڼ׹䵽ǧһ֮ʣ˹Ľħ˲佫ûһ룬˾Ͱȫسڹ㳡ϡ
һ٣ԼԷرţûܵһ˺
ڼٵĺУƺԼҵ
˹ޱ飬Ȼָ΢
ΣСͻȻ˵Ļ̽ͷֽ䱸ؿ
˹ɫһ䣬˲ſ𰡣
Ҳعһͷ³һ
˹תӴĹÿһװζøѪɡΪ͢ʥŮﳤ
̤һ̨ףŷ뵭Į
𰣬Ѿǵ˰ɡ
عͷҲɵһ
ڿ˹ǰѾƵĽ׵ʯѾѡ䣬ټĹƽ¶澫µװΡ
ȻپµƶѾһصĻҳ
ʮǰ˹Ͻ͢ʱƵȻǽ壬ֶһµĺۼ
̾һСﴧڻ̨̤ףô᲻ǵãǹ͢ҴСĵطҲҺһĵط
һ仰˹ɫһ䡣
ȷʵĵطǹ㳡ȣ鷿ǺԺ¹˵ĺۼ
ȻжôҸܷĳжôʹࡣ
΢΢һ̧֣һʯ˲仯Ϊ̳
Ѿɷ棬ǲǺģ
̧ۣĿƺϣƺĲԫϱڣ
ģȴҲġ
̾һϾĵط˵ûиǼٵġҲ֪Ŷۻ񡣹͢ˣ鴿١
ϾΪ˵õȫõķҲΪռȫԴ͢˷вɱҲ벶ж
ħ塢顢壬ȵȺȫڹ͢ѹ£ŭԡ
˹ƷҲһ¡ֻϧϴ޼ɵˡ
˹һ٣תͷ
͢ʥŮҲ˵ֻѵΪ˻ҲԱǰ
ҡҡͷͻȻǰһ
˹һ٣ϡ
һشǰ֪ԸҪɱ𣿡
˹۾ڿͫһĪأӿԼҲϵĿֻš
תͷǰߣȴǲ
ǡѾûˡһһ׹µȻڵ֮ĥ
ͻȻǰס֡
˹͵ػͷͫ΢΢һ
𰿴۾
ھͿɱҡҲģҲᷴ
䣬ܾһ
ƺͣˡ
˹ûж
ֻ˫ӣؿһ̶׵ػް
ΣɳƵЦ˦ְ֣ĺף֮ľ͵
𰣬Ҳô׵ؾȥģһеʹ֮ٻҷ𡣡
˵ָ꣬ʹ˸˲䣬նɫڿŭмҰ޵İİ
ޱȣѹϸȥ飬׷ʹĿ޺
˹ֳһ΢Ц
Щͽں㡣һ㿴ǰһʧҪǻŵĻ͹ԹԵߣһ졣
ûжڿ˹Ŀûж
ǼʹҷҲûã˹㲻Ͼɱҡ
˹ָһǣ
ѵںͽ
𰿴̾һ
˹ҲںԭӦ֪ġ
ֻ˲䣬Ǳ̵һ͵ɿ
󿪿ڣ
ôôҺǵ̸ôôܻ²ࣿ
˹ͫһ˲䣬Ľ´翪ѣѷ켸㳡һΪֱ쵽Ľ¡
һЦһ
ʲôࣿƭҵ𣿻ڳ׵ڳĵ𣿡
ǰһ
һе࣡
ѵûлɹΪʲô⼸ҲᴩԽʱѷ죬ΪʲôǼľƣΪһĸ˵δ𣿡
䣬ֻһʼһ˺ѣ˹ʱɫ˫Ŀɺؿ𰣬ΪȣѾһۣ
ǵ飬ûйϵ
𰻺
ôûУһеɺ϶ΪеһжǼٵģǱƺõģҺҺദҶе£Ǽٵģ
ÿ˵һ䣬ǰһ
˹ҧ﷢֪вǿ־ĵͺۿ߹ʱ󣬽ԭء
Һǲһ˹۽ƺɺ죬Ѿɽɳƣ
Һǲһ֮䶼Ǽٵģǲǣ
֪ʱꡣ
ιŸޱȿɬѵۣ
Һ֮䣬ֺأ
˹˫Ŀһ˲ó죬ͻȻΣŭһ׳βͷŭɨһʯ
֮䣬Դһƭ
ȻʱȴƭҲǼٵģ
֮䣬׻ʣʲô
ʱ˿̣ڳ˹ٿˡ
˹оħڳײѪҺͬҽڣɵŭһ˲ڵǰ
һһӣ˹ڲϳ֡
ۣ
һͺ˲˷
ֻ¡¡һ죬׵ˡ
ʹ˻Ҫ߳ȴħڶҲˣ
˹
֪˶ãֱʿʼ磬˹ڴӷ
ʱ˫Ŀɺ죬ǴѪƬ֪˶٣һ·߹Ѫ졣
𰣬һھͽ


 90 

һ
˹, ˹ô׳βͺҵɨеľʯ, Щģȴ׼ȷؽŵ˷м䡣
˲䱧С̧ۿ
˹
ЩѵҸտĵطԼԵ
˹˲սľ, ﷢ֵͳĺ
һ˿Ѫ, ǵΧƬѾ, ¶ʺļ
ҶвؿԼﲻҪҶ
𰿴˫, ɵһ˹ڿ, ʶ, ȴû뵽˹ͫһ˲һ
ҡҡ޴ͷǿѣһʱΪģ޴ħ, ɺĹâֱ
һ˲䣬ϯʯɳУͬһײŷ˵
һȹڷ, СЩߣϽץסСצӣֵס
ֻǼʹס֪Ƿ绹ʲôĿ޺
ɵϿȥֻ֮⣬鱻ħ˺ñΣȻԾ޴ħ޷ֻܷʹġ˻
ʱ˿̣һҲڸϵ޴ħԼе𰣬ɵһ㶣žͱ˹ϵѹŵõȽš
ѩ򿴲ǰʱˣ
Ҹܵ˵ħʲô
Աһڿˮǽ˷ܵص
˷룬ƺϾҪɷĩˣ
ѩɵһ㶣ķ¶һ֪ǿ޻Цı飬˵ʲôֱ˻ȥҧǿתͷٿ𰡣
𰿴һ˫Ŀ˹ֿһΧ޺飬ۿغˡ
ǾĵΪ˵ŭĻ
û˵ϵͳ̲ס
𰻺վ·ƺʱ˷ȥ
ûо¡֪ûпУҺͿ˹ȥǼϰ壬ҲҹũҲҪ飬ˡ
ϵͳĬһ£
ΪʲôҪƭؼǵǰʹһҸΣ㸶ġ
Цһ£Ц΢᣺ûƭֻûиһʵѡҸΣصǵĸޣٶȾθȥ𣿵ʹ֪࣬Ҳܻźɱҡ
һоսᡣһдﵽġ
ϵͳͻȻЦһ£һݾȻЦȻͻأһЦ
鲻Ը
һ㶣ʶ̧ۡ
ԶƺѾԤ³ʹһҲѹֲס˷ܿ
˹̾ڿУͻȻ췢һŭ
ʱ䣬طͻ䣬ܱߵ˲󣬼յƲ㶼ϯ˺飬ɫһ䣬ʧغˡ
ţשʯٿȻ䣬ͬһֻεľصذڵϣص̳ڶ
ĵתһУЩ޴롣
Χµ¾޴ʯ˵һʼʱЩãôڿűϢسһһ١
Ż˾µĴȥ˾·ǧԼȡ
һз·ʱݣϣָеģ
𰿴˹ԷޱضڻָԻ͵Ĺ˵ǰȴ͵һǽͶԷҲǼ𾪵ߡ
ʶһˣʱ˸ɾֻĵ̺ϡ
ͷָظġ
ķ䣬ڽ͢˶ʮķ䡣
ʮǰû뵽һ쿴Լǰؽ
ǰһͬĸ̣ǴīǴǰ¶õ壬һģһ
̫ʵˣʵ÷·һΡ
С£ĵվָϵһīҪĨȥȻϵһʵ֮ҡڲ
ŤŤд֣
𰡣
ǿ˹д𰣬̿˹д𰡣
ʥϣ׼еĶȴû뵽ûüֽ˹ʹʥſڡ
ֽҲŴ̳ˡʥ»صǰ
Ǳһ㣬͵˻
̽ȾµĴţƿȴһε˻һüһΣɳƵ
㲻ˡ䷿䱻
͵ػͷ˹ѾָΣֻͲ԰ףǲ԰׵Щ졣
ʱ˫ɺ죬һգգؿϵ֣ˣƺþԼȫȥֿħķɡ
һʶ˺һ
˲ǰڴӡۣ𰣬ô֮ǰһܳȥ
żص
ҡ
Ļû˵꣬͸оסֱһʹɵá˻һ
˹ͷħйѾĿ
ɫһ䣬˲ʧڡ
Ÿ첲εز䣺
ҵĳԺô졭
СҲһ£͵ͦƤޣ
Сﻹأ
εüġ
Ϊ˹Լңû뵽Ȼ˼ࡤ¿ɺãԼڳȥˡԷǿҲûң⻹ôͨ
ҿ˹˵ҪԼôԼȻ֪˹жôƫִãͱһпտյĸʬˡ
ߣСﻹڰϣС绹ǵһ˯ôĴɵþ档
ΪһƤˡ
Сﱾйǿ԰׵ɫʲôԹĻ˵ˣС
Сﲻ
˵̧꣬ͷһ侫¶ոµӣ
ǰס𣿡
𰻺΢ͣ
˶ʮꡣ
Сһ´ϵ˿߱ߣùְЩСûмСﻹٶš
ôһ˵ɵÿЦã
ôһ㣬һءһֱϣȻ˽ֻЦϹһ˲ɢˡ
ﻹ֣ҵļ֣˼ˡ
Сﻹǵһ˵Լļңɵõɴ̶ۡ
ȻδȫǻķˣɵӡͬͲ򵥡
ֻһΪûȤΪ𰣬Ǿһֱûʡ
˵ﻹ֣ʱĺġ
ǰŵȣļʲô
룬ִһʱ֮䲻ǵ
Ҫ˼Ҫ棬ҪħҪλá
Ȼûо˵Сȴһ仰õ棬ɵૣ
ֲҪȥ
Цһͷë
ƯıӣԼҵĸѾģˡΪ˸ĸҲ뼱Żȥ˵ؼң˵ȴеִ
СеƣΣ
ҪŶ
һڣ̾һ
һġ

˹վʥǰӸµؿż¡
սսĬصͷ
˹
ûҵ˭
˱ѹѹ̧ͷǿӦǡ
ΣûСĵһֻ͵͵Ͽʥǰһˣʱһ
ˡ
˽ٺ㣬ʱ̱
ѩȴûжͷ棬ָݺݵץ
ѵûɱ˰ɯ𣿡
ûСԵİ˻Щ㱣ûɱ֮ǵĹԭˡ
ѩļʱȥЩŵ̧ͷҫĿĹ
һʿ֪Ƿ˰ɯôͻȻ̬ȡɱúõر
ѩָһԼۿݷ
ûзɯ𣿲òҲˡѩãûо쵽ʲ
ʲô֪ͻȻվž
ҺȻǽãûйϵˣ
һЩΪѩķӦ˼ң뵽԰ɯαѩϹϵҲпԭ
ο˭ܿѩһֱˡ
˸밲ο䣬ѩĵתһ׼ƹ˲ʧԭء
˲ɵһ㶣ѩϢĸ֪ʲôʱôˣ
˹ǻҵسһ䣬˺ħķɣһʹղǰ˵껰Ѿǿ֮ĩˡ
ĵصأһѪë̺ϡ
˫ɺ֮ã
˵һжǼٵģ
ȫǼٵģ
ٵģ
ֱ˹ı䣺
˵Ǽٵģ
ѵ˵İҲǼٵ𣿡
˵ҡ
˵Ӷҡ
˹ͫ׾һ˲ƺͫ
˵ƭҲǼٵģûңҲûк޹ҡ
˻ƣÿһ仰֮Ծ󾹷ֲ˵ĵǿ˹˹ˡ
ԣ㲻ϣ
һ˲䣬ϸֲۣҪƿƤչȻʹеʹ֮һ
˹Ҳ֪Ϊļʹͳ񻹻ôʹ
ָ⻺̧һسУĺɫʯͷϸȥȻѾһѺۡ
˹ɫһ䣬ҧǽһӣȻץԼؿŭ
˹㻹Ҳôʹ
˹ʱĵҲʧȥ򾲣
˹Զųƿ֮£Ӱ죡
˹ҧĵվҪһСȻɫĵ̺ϵѪգɵһ㶡
ʶҪȥĨΪ̺͸ģжΪõġ
뵽ĺһͣ˲̧ͷ
ĿһҲϤķ䣬꣬ʥʿģͨķ䡣
˶֣ΪΪʥŮʿܸסôСһ䷿䣬ֻشԼνס
û֪ĴڣÿܿŸǰֲｽˮ
峿¶ˮ컨á
ίеĶð죬磬СǽϵͻСǽǵֲÿһ֡
û뵽Լҽķ侹Ȼ
Ҳ֪ϵ۵ּ⣬ԼǱʶѡ
ϵۡ
ĵվƹ̺ߵӵС⻺˽һж˽⡣ϤϢֻ֪۵ɻް
ĴǰĻƺʮǰôޣȻȴҲûһŮӻʮǰǽˡ
˹
ʹһжָԭʲôáҺ㰮ģʼնһ󡣡
˹ͻȻЦѿ죬žҵ𵴣Ц÷̡Цÿţ۽Ө
˹ڳϣ㻹
˹ңǡ
˹Ĭһ£
źҵĸˡҲϱûˡ
³ޣתߡ
ֻ뿪֮ǰһǱʲôǣһĪɨһۡ
ֻһۣʱһ
ƺо޴ĺڶֱ߱ĵס
جج֪ϦǺϦҲ֪ķӿǺζ
վڴǰͷظǰõ彽ˮ
Ȼˮģᡣ


 91 

СѾҪԻ, Ҫ, 軨ҿɱء
СĵļϣСĵظ軨ˮЩʵҪȥǯꡣ
ס죬ͷ
СָƫģȻϲΡΡˮ, ʱһ㶡
Сĵؿ𰣺, ô˰
Ĩһ, һЦû¡
ֻǰѡ
Ȼģȴ֪׸, ܽ⿪˹Ľᡣ
С, С
СͲԻˡ
ͷë, ΢΢һЦ
ֻǸշ֣ĶƤҲһУɵΣСץ
ҪǲҾͰ㿾˳ԡ
䣬ǰͻȻһħ, һˮس֡
СǰһԵģԵģ
һ㶣Щɵߵǰһƻ̾
ϵͳʣ㣿
Ҹá
˵ţݺݵؿһڡ
Ա˶, 𰰲ĵס¡Ͼס˶ǶĵطҲϰߡ
ֻϣ˯ʱһЩҵİ
˯ţҹף˴
⣬ϡҹɫпʹ޵꣬ǼʥΧסʱһ㶡
СȻ˼꣬ĺټ̣ϽĻ
𰣬С£
ĶƤ£ڱ֮ǰҲǻˡ
ﲻûֻǿЩϤˣʹٶĿ־Ҳѹѹȥˡ
ЩۼΪǹԭַǰͶޱ۶ɢԾؾƮټٲдŹЩĪ
쳤վãΪһ壬Ѿȫֲˡ
˹úڰħħ̫Ե˹ѹҲʮЩǿ಻ԡ
𰻹ʥŮһͽЩ鳬ȣȻѾһ壬ͬҲ͸޷ʹħ
ʲôܹģﶼܹġ
ڹ﷭ңҵԼùʥ滹дһʥˮ
ˮϡͺߡ
Сʣ𰣬ⱭˮСϴ𣿡
ġ
˵ţʥȴͻȻо۽һȣʲôȼգϽ±ۡ
С𰣬ôˣ
ɳ۾
˵꣬ҡҡͷһְסһּѵذѱ١
ҡҡ׹һ¥Ҳû̫Σա
ϵ鰭п˹ħд棬̫ҿСص

ڣмýʣϳǱɴʼСؿ𰣬΢΢һСĵһˮС
ʱǱһâ䴩ƣָɫ׿ʼƽͣҲٷʹˡ
ϲȴʱоԼβȣһͷȥײħϡ
Һǧһ֮ʣСסڡ
ѵµԼıӣҪûĻҿ¾Ҫײȥˡ
ӵʥˮѾʣ޼ˡ
á
תͷƣķ紩ħָ⴩󣬲ɵùһǡ
ֻûпĽһӰվ
˹ꡣ
ʱҲеЩ꣬˫˸˹ͬ侲Ҳϸع۲ı顣
ҹɫ񾲵Ĳɵ΢΢üۡ
ǰ͢ʱҲһȥ顣ͶЩִһȥҲֻ֪Ƶǰ¡
Ȼ˵һﶼǼٵģֺαЩǷʹֺ࣬αطķΪЩ龻
ûп˹ߣ޷ʱˣҲ޷̿˹תע
ͨȴŵҹӻްһƬ
죬˹Ҳʧ졣
һʼν꣬ƽܡ
룬Կ˹ƢҲԶҲ˵
벻׿˹⣬ǼҲ벻ס
ʥʮ⣬˴յһ鵽׸ô죬ѩͷһԡ
ǿˣȻô׳˶һȴǲ԰һʣ
ѩ⼸춼ԣôˣ
ѩһ£úԶңңԶĹ
ǰԼ֮͵Լ֮ĵ
Ҳĵؿһۣ
ѩ岻ĻȥϢɡ
ѩ֣ԼҪԼۿҧЦ
û¡
ǿʣ
⼸п˳֣
ҡҡͷûС˲ûг֣ڻʥĸ˽ƣûܹ

벻ͨ˲ǶôŮ˺֮Ϊְָܵر
ʿСĵز²⣺
ѵΪҪĥ갬ɯٰ֮ɱ
üܾɺܷϿ˹Ը񣬵Υ͸С
ԲϿ˹ɱ𰣬Ȼʱ˿ȴ޷Ϊ˹ìҳһĽ͡
ǹֱİ˵
ҲԼҲûôԸɡ
ʿЦôܣǸŮα̣ڳ˵ģҵĻҼĵһۿ϶ͻὫңôԥ
Ųˡ˷
ʿ˵ѩͲֹ
ˣǶҪ˵ˡ
¶һЩӲ΢Ц
ǲ԰ɯġôԲ˵£ʹڳҲֲˡ
鿴ɴס۾Щۣ룬̾һ
ѩ˵ľһʯͷʹ㵱Ϊ׼˫ۣҲϡ԰ɯδã㶼Ҫ̫⣬ϾԼ顣
ʪѩϵİɴҪ˵ʲôȴҧҧ
ޱصҲһǽף׼
˹Ͻ̻ʾս˽̻ʵֱۣԼ˫Ҳʥˡ
һδսУѩһϢȻʱĵ˹˫۶Ѫŵһ˫顣
׼Լ˫ۣΪ۾Ͱɯһǽֻ֣нֵ˫۲
˹飬˽ףʮ
ƣֻϲ𣿡
ֻ˵ʵ
㡭
ˣ
ѩͻȻǣסۿ
һԭġ
鿴Ѿȫܱ˵Ļֻ˳
ԣⱲʹ޵ľƭԭ°ɯġ
û˵仰ѩκݺݵһ
ϵĶǰ
ѾȶǿѾǿ˵
վڴǰǼϰҮ³ΡΡƮ
ʥŮˣллǡ

ѾʥŮˣ㻹ǽҰɯɡҲ㲻ϾǣֻǺһЩˡ
Ү³һЦʹһӰҲܿ壺
ɯΪⱲӶˡ
̾ҲΪһοҮ³ܹ˳Ｘ죬СǴǰĻɵ˵仰
Ү³ôߵģ
Ү³ǿ䣬뵽ʲôµĶ΢Ҳһ£
ĵ꣬˹̻ʴ˷һξսǴսŷ춯صֻǰİ׹һȻʧȥʶʱԼѾ顭
Ү³ٺܻһİ
Ȼȴϸ΢Ŀɬãǰ֣˿µֱȻȴֻһ㿴ķ
ͷ
Բûоǡ
Ү³ҡҡͷѾ御ˡе˶֪һ죬ҪԶ˹Ҳÿ˹Źһ
ֻǡҮ³Цһֻǵʱ˶Ϊ˹Ǿڽ͢ѹµľû
һ٣ʲôҮ³˶ҪԼġ
Ү³ȥ¶֪ǻȻȻЦ
һ취
Ү³ҡҡͷѱͲҪˡڵӱǰùܶࡣ˹֣ҲͲսսضˡ
һ㶣˹⸽ֹ𣿡
ǣԶԶؿʥǰȻһȴתˡ
ЩƣȻ⸽Ϊûг֣ѵھôԼ
Ү³磬ǿһȥˡ
һ㶣
ǲɽķ
Է뿪ѵص
Ү³ȴԷɫͻȻһ䣬ǿʲôֲĶ꼸鳤֧飬˲ʧǰ
һһתͷͿһɫķ룬˹س֡
޳ӰڵͶ°ӰĬɫûô԰ףɫӱˡ
Сһʣ
㲻ȥɽô
˹ȴûлػϸոոɺԵīգ䵽ǰĽεõϣɫް
оҹϢЩԾǰеԨ֮£˲²͸
㡭ôˣɱҵ𣿡
˹ɳƵص
ǣӦ֪ƭҵ³οƭΡ
𰴹ӣ
֪һ
˹̧ۿһᳶ꣬ҷ𡣡
ĴһЦһʹ
˹΢΢԰׵ϣ֮ǰһĪʹࡣ磬ȫϻõĶҩȻٽֱö
̧ۿȻ۽Ƿ죬ɫƽ
ⲻֶΣΪҵѪɶ
˹һȥ
䣬ָһ˲Ʈ˹һָʶ˾֮ϡ
ۼ׾֮£ָⲻɵһ
˹˻ƵĶ
Ѫɵķк֣ܶҿĿϲһǷпģҲԽѪҺϲһ֡
΢΢¶ԼһֺڰħǾǻɶԷѪԼٵĹ̡
һʶҪ̧ͷȴоԼľһʹ
ʱֱԭء
Ȼתһ룬ȥҲͦáȱ˸ɻá
ۣ壬ȴоߵϢһ䡣
˹˲.壬˴⡣
¹£ɫ԰ףǻһѪ
ڴ⣬һжޱȼž𰿴ʲô
Ȼ˹ȴǣתͷ
֪һ֮ǰ
һ㶣ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬶Էʧǰ
ڴͬʱ⴫Ү³
ɯˡ


 92 

ѩһؿǸʥ
Ȼ, ظӦһǿħ赲Լǰ
֪ڿ˹, ˹ʥǰħκ˶ܿ
뵽ɵҧ
ĵط밬ɯСﳤҲڽ͢Ϳ˹Ȼ˹Ŀϡ
Ȱɯÿ, ˽һ߽ʥŮ, ȴû뵽͢ѡԷ
һ׮׮һ, ѹͷϵľʯ, 뿪˽͢Ͷ˹
Ϊ, ԼʥŮѡ˵, ԼͿ˹ʶôķϣԷȻʧǣ˹ȫɺЩֱɵһˡ
ʱ¶磬սǰûеõһ
֪˹һֱ, Ȼǲϡ
ɯƭڳģΪʲôҪŶԷ
Ȳ϶Է
⣬һֱֱ꣬ɯǰ, Ѿʮ꣬Ҳͻ
ΪɯʥΪ䣬û뵽겻ɢسǰ
Ǹ¸˳ӿĶʻ𣬼ȼеǡ
ۿŽ񳿿˹׳ŵӿʥ
ֻǿ˹ħ׾ܿģֻ΢΢սһܸоʹ
Ǻ޷
뵽һժ۾ϵİɴ
Ȼ󣬻˫ۡ
ڵƤ£һ˫õͫ΢ǺͰɯһģһĽ֡
ܾöûм⣬ɵᡣ
ѩס۾¶ŵЦ
ʮ꣬ÿ춼װϹӣûһղڵ£¿˹Щ˷ܡûϹ
Ϊ˱ܣÿֻ˯ʱ͵͵ƿһƤÿһοһ㣬ʹĿҲϲѾá
֪̫ʹ࣬ȻΪ˻ȥʲô
ڡ
뵽ı˲ȥǲɫıһֳָӵħ䡣
һ˲䣬ͫĽַҫ۵Ĺâǰħʼ
˫Ѫ˺һӡ
ѵȥһ̧ͷ飬ǰͽ
ʱЦһ
ǰ˲ãͿһŮվڴߣü
ͫ˲һ
˵תۼĲ𾪡
һ۾ϳǰ˾ǰɯʹòͣʹɫˣʹԷû˽֣Ȼһ۾ϳ˶˾Ľ㡣
Ǵĵ⡣
ǰһɯ𣿡
𰿴ѩĵЩ⣬ϸһ֮С
ѩԸڲѾ˺ܾðɡ
Ĩһ²ϵѪۣңôģ
ѩЦһ£ǽǸӵָָԼ۾
Ȼ˫۾ˣ۾ûˣѾһˣôӦħ
תȥ˵ķϣҲ졣ûʲô£߰ɡ
ۿҪڴǰʧѩͻȻɫϽߣ
㣡
ĽŲһ٣ޱػͷ
ѩ㷣¶ίı飬
㣬ֱʮ꣬ѵͲ𣿡
ʵҡҡͷ
ѩһͣǿһЦҺ㡣ߵߣŷӣ
ÿÿҹ롣ǰͻȻֵʱûзӦ϶Ҫúɡϣ˹뿪ʱ͵ܽ㡣
ָָǰķ󣺡п˹ڣͲܽӽҡ
һ˹֣ѩɫ΢䣬ǿһЦȴֹǣ
㣬㵽ôģΪ˹ԭ𣿡
ǡ˵֮޹ء
ѩЩһͺá
ָ̧֣ǽϻĺۼȻȴģ
㣬ΪʲôֱҵˣҪʲô
ҵעģɱҲעġ㲻Ϊġ
ѩ򷢳ƵЦôܲģɱ㣬ҪʧȥһΡֻǡ
Ứ
ֻ֪ڻС޷Կ㣬ҾȲ㡣
ҲҪȣȥɡ
ѩ˵ͷֻڵͫף΢΢һ١
ʶԼۿ
ķʮǰĲģһ
ѩ۹Ϊɯʱסʥµķ䣬Լֻסεȡһֱһ˵ʲô±Ȱɯ˻Ҫ
ȻǾµĴ󴲣ǽϹҵͻһſʯӣӲۿ
Եǰ軨ΣʥӦȫΨһɫ
ѩѾ֪û޵ֲˣԴӼǰ˹ͽ̻ʵǳսǱȥһɫֻ»š
ǰõʺ죬Ѫ۽˳
ضǰ軨ɳƵ
ǽ㣬һе㲻Ÿô죿
һ㶣šü
ѩĵغˣϵıЩ죺
ҪɱӡڳģƭΪְ︴ԭ뵱һģһ
һ´ָǰĻꡣ
ѩ򷢳ɳƵЦ
ԭ˵Ķģ㡭䣬ɫһ䣬ͻȻ𰣺
㵽׸ʲô䣿ôأ㵽ã
𰱻һȻѩ˷Ϸսζ
ϽѩԶ
ȻѩȴһЦ
㲻ؼʡ֪Ȼħôôģ
ͫ˲Ŵ
ǲǸ飿
𰲻ɵһ㶣ѩŽ۾
ûи
ȻѩȴѾ϶ɣûӼ
϶ˣֿЦôô׵ؾͷŹ㣿϶֪˭ȵˣ֪˭۾
ѩĻ䣬ķͻȻᣬҧгݵؿ𰡣
εһüġ
ûи߿˹ȻԶ׼ѩѾȥĻˡ
˵۾ļͱǰ
ڿ˹һκͽ̻ʶս֮󣬽̻ʱ˹ȥһֱۣȴҲ̻ʵʥ۾
ʱڽ͢ʰ׼Կ˹ĵϢʱһ
Ϊԭ˹һû˵ġ
Щ㷲ҹϵ˹ڵʩ˸ӽ˿˹
ʱκˣڷĬ
ԶԶزҿȴǰĵѾѪ졣
սȭͷȥҵѩ򡣲ڶԷǰ
ʱѩĹϵܽӲȴûвݵĵزѩ򿴼ܾȣȻо綾ʱ޶ֻ࣬ؿ
ʿ˹ô˵ġ
ѩһ㶣ȻЦһΪ㡣
Ϊң
ʱɴۡ
ѩǸǿɬصΪ̻ʴ˵ʹ˹ҲĨƽǱʥŮģʵȻ˹ʧˣͽʧһ룬ͱ̻ʴ۾
ĺһοɬסɬҺָ¡
ѩ̵ؿôˣ㲻ڳΪ̬
ҧû˵
ѩһۣرϴĲԼѪɫһת
㣬֪֪һַܹ۾
ʱһ㶣̧ۿ
ֻһַԾȻ۾Ǿýֵ۾ȥ
ûԥڳԼ˫ۣѩ
ѩĺסˣǼСĵؽӹ۾Цݣģһȵ
ۣѪۡȻûпѩȻϵɫȴִһֲ͸һеͨ͸
ѩʱһ㶣Щ
𰹴һǣˡ
תʧԭء
˸ɴ֪࣬ѩ򲻻߿˹ࡣȻòҪ˹֪һҪˣαǣ
ҪǺޣͺ޵øɴ೹һЩɡ
¼ŷɳٿȻ۵ףĳӿȴû̫Ĳ
Ϊʲô˵ģʹÿ˹֪һΣҲı䲻ƭεʵ
ѩȴô룬Լ˹׼۾µǾݣûԭ򣬿˹ȻҲᰲȫسΪôꡣ
ĸ˿˹
ѩ˹ʹƭ£ɵô˸˹ǲѾ֪ˣ֪Ϊûɱ
ѩǿʼңôʱĵºĳ֧Ųסҧ𰣬нһѾѪģ־Ҫ˺ǰķ
һѩѵҳ֣
ѩ˻𣺡ǲùҲù
䣬ֻǰķͻȻһ󲨶˲ͱ˳ȥڵŻһѪ
ؿͬһֻشǰʹ࣬ϵʹѾֵһᡣ
ʱҽгȻܲסʱĺɫһݣʶش˸¡
ʥǰ棬һɺķѩĿѵӰǰ
˻߳Ӱ¹˫ʺѪ
ѩʧˣ
˹ȴǿûпֱһֻ֡
ʱһ ˲䣬ѩоǰһȣʲô˿˲˵ѹ
ɵòҽһԵڵأѪָ˳
װϹʮ꣬һΣڿˡ
˹عͷȥ
ɫ£˫ѪϲƱ
𰣬㵽ƭҶٻء
лҪ˵һ׽

 93 

˹ɳ, ɫͫ, Ȼսʱһ̬شߣʱΪ⣬Ϊסһ˫Ѿնۡ
뵽絶ʣҧʣΪûж˵
𰿴ſ˹, һ
ĺ ԭҵ˫۾ġֲÿοҶᡭ, ֪֪, ҲǶҵһֲ̣
ԷÿһռͲϵرѹ, ǳˮһǰӿ, ޿, ֻ
ΣҲı䲻ڳģֻǹߵʵ
˹ž
һ֪㲢ǶȫȻ⡣
һ£
ôɣǰһҲһϷأ
˹ɳƵЦ˲ǰ, ˫Ѫ
𰣬Ϊ뿪ԱԼ𣿡
һ̧ۿ
ԣֻΪҾȹ㣬Ҫһת𣿿˹, Ĳںƭ㣿
˹ͷ˫ۿ
𰣬㻹ǲ˽ҡ
֮ĵͳңҰ㣬Ҳ㡣ΪˣҲŲŹ㡣
ʶвõԤУ͵̧ͷ
˹˫ѾӽңȻıȴƽģƽ˲
Ⱳʹ޵ƭȻȴԶܰҵߡ뵽һܳͷ㣬ܰߵķ
һ٣ȫëֱһʱ֮䲻֪˹ҪʲôӾʧ롣
˹ơ
һ˲䣬и֡һźɫѾѺ۵ʯͷڷϷ
ġ
˹ǿʯȨȣӲذ
ͫײɵ÷Ŵ󣺡˹Ҫʲô
˹ʯĹ⣺
ҵģֻҪŽͿԶˡ
ͷƤһը˲ԱߣȻһԼĽžͱħסתͷſ˹ĻԼ߹ɵҡҡͷ
˹Ҫ
˹ͷ
ΪʲôҪ֮ǰһֱҪҵҾ͸㣬ӽԺҾԶֲˡ
һܵ˿ֻţ˹ص־ǳˮһѸٽû
ԤУÿ˹ǿԶز˼ˡ
뵽ʶ˦ӣҪֹȻӻû˦ǰ˲ͻΪ̳
С״˲仯Ϊˣ˫һչ͵˹ȥ
ɫһ䣺С
˹΢΢һ̧֣СΧʱһ̵ԭأС﷢һХʵײ
ʥŴ˶̶죬ֱ÷ֱ
ڵϵѩ򣬻ļ£ûһ˲ڻɡ
˹ˡ
ѵؽذ˿ӣСﻯΪɪɪĻ
ûܹС֪ն
ĵصأ˹ߵǰĨȥϲ䵽Ļҳ
𰣬ΪʲôҪܣ
𰿴еĺʯ֪ԼӲˣ޾ľûȻսеذףǲ
ؼҡ
ҧȥҲ
˹̧ؿڣ˵ңҪҡ
ĺһͣˣֱ޿ˣ
˹زȥˡҾȹ㡢㣬ҵĸ鶼ʱĥƽˣҾҲʲô
˹ͫһ۽ǵĺƺҪ˳߬ǿźʯÿһ֣ķ϶һ㡣
ʹúڲЦ˵
Ҳں𰣬Ҫҵߡ
ǶĳͷҲִ
ؿſ˹ҪԼţҡͷʣ
Ҳң˹߰ɡ
Ȼ˹ָȴûͣơ
սذףʶҪԼţȻȴȻͳ֮Ļ
Ҫ˺Լ
͵һ٣ǧһ֮ʣ˹סӵذףҧ
𰣬鷨ʦʹ飬Ҳҵ㡣
˲ͫһ
ţ˹Ϸų⣬һ㷨˲䴩͸š
һ󣬸оǻһ磬ۣȴǿն
ͷ˹Ѿǰʧˣ죬ȴĪҪᡣ
СҪȥͿ˹ƴ
סСںڰԼ֮ǰſ˹
˹һġ
˹ؿָ

Ǳѵġ
üԺۡ
ͷ֦ҶïĹ£̵ĲݵأⱻҶɰ߲Ĺ㣬ǵĽűߡ
˶.ĽѾо۲ڽɵһЦ
˸һĵͳתͷһĶƤ
˹ˡ
˹ĺ﷢Ĺӵվ˦˦޴ͷ
Ѿ𣿡
߳Ӱ
Ѿˡǵգ϶ǳٵˣ̻ʴҲѾƢˡ
عͷ˹ĴӣϽȥɣҿɲ볭һʥ
תͻȻоϢԾתͷֿ˹ؿ˸ֽǵǰֻ˺þõС
ÿԼͷͻῪĺþáСһģһ
ǺЦ
ôˣ˹
˹ͷֻܲϸ΢Ĳ
𣿡
һ㶣Ȼ֣ʲôʱѧˡ
˹Сش˹ıϡ
𰿴ǸСӾͺЦסĴԴͺݺݵز˲Ĵӣ
㲻Ҫ˵ϲϲ㡢ϲ㣬˰ɣ
˹ͫ͵طŴؿ𰡣
һЦôɵ
˵ţȥ°ͣ˹ɵһӣ˲Եڵء
ſĶƤϣһһڵϹһȦմһĲм⡣
˹צȻŴĿʼû뿪
ָⲦŪƬ
֪Ϊڽôšģʹô飬ֲ㡣
˹ŶƤڻΣһͷת˲Σѹ.£
֪㲻ҡ
ɣȥָñ˵ˡ
˹Ȼ˲仯Ϊ˱ϡ
һһƲ㣬ǷĵĶУǰĲõĳ𰲻ɵһ
ͻȻХһͷһ˫ں档
ˣԶмճûõСҡҡλεظţСɵ˫ϵĴӣ̬䡣
ſڿ˹Ķʣ
Ǽʲô
˹˵Ҫ飬
һתͷΧſ˹תԼʱ֡ϱšĸоǿ򶨣
˵ʲô
˹
˵ƯǺ䡣
ǵȻ
ǿЩڵӣУ壬
Ⱥһûβݸ㣬ΪɵյģɲΪҵʿġ
Ȼƽ嵽ױǿ٣οԿ˹ڵʵ͵ظߣʵίˡ
˹һ٣΢΢תͷĿĳγ
ˣ飬Ҷߡ
һЦðɣĻҲˡ
˹û˵ӭ۾ЩӨ
˳УͻεĿ˹Ⱥ
˹ʣʱֲˣ
ѾˣҲһᡣ
˹ǰߣǸȺˣȻ˴֮û˿ĵִʹԼǲһ׵İˣ޳׸ߵľ飬Ҳûκθҡ
ۿһһ˺һɵһ¡
Īأֳ︡һͷ
á
Ҳ֪Ϊλ룬Ȿƽ飬ȴۿȡ
˹𰣬Ү³ڽ㡣
ع񣬵Ү³ҵӲѳԣҰǼҵȫˡ
ô˵ţ߹ȥ
Ү³촩ʩһ
ʥŮˡ
˵˶ٱҰɯ
һǣʲôԳԡ
Ү³ڰһЦ첻ˡʣǲҪ͡˹˽ˣ
𰿴˹˹һǡ
ЦΪúܺá
Ү³һЦϼһջ
ôأ϶Ҫǰǣףҹźð
Ҿ鷢ԲŲǡ
Ү³ҡҡͷͿ˹˵¾ҲɰȻǵĻҪˣҲûʲô͵ģĵҾ͸ȫ˰ɣ
㻹⣿ɴۡ
Ү³һ£ôᣬΪֻɣ
𰲻˼һЦΪʥŮͽĶ˵˹͵ݸҮ³һңǶ𡣡
Ү³һáã͵ģ
ȻհѽҾ˹Ѿʧˡ
˸㻹Ǵ󷽣ôһҾ͸ˣ
ȻΪҮ³ֵãЩۡ
˹ˣĶҴȱ
ʶص㲻ǴϲЩĶ𣿡
˹ĽŲһͣ
Ҳ֮ͣ£Īؿ
عͷϲ
һ£ǿҼǴ˰ɡ
üģӦû˯ѵԭڻоԴѡ
˹û˵֣˲ص˽͢
֮еģܵ˸̵ѵ⣬̸ǲҪΪ̰Լְ
ԹԵͷԶȥﳭʥ
ǰ˹֣Ϧ֮£Ĳշ·ҪõЩʵ
һ£Ȼ߹ȥдʲô
˹̧֣𰿴д𰡱֡
һǡ
ٵʱ򣬸ĸԼ͵ôصĹѧϰҲԼ֣𰡱
˿˹û뵽ԼҪԶĻȤ
д˾ͳȥɣ񸸿ֻѵˡ
˹뿴Ա߳顣
𰷭˸ۣҳʲôÿģ϶ֻ
ſ˹ߣ㲻Ҳ˵ϿһͷˣϽȥɣҪÿߡԺദʱúء
˹顱˵۲һᣬˣЩд
֪ˣ¡
˹Ƴ⣬һ
ͷ֪ʲôʱôճˡ
һǣתдСĵһƿ͸ͻȻϴת
תͷһԭǲ֪Ĵ
֪ΪΣͻȻϲýɵö࿴ۡ
Сɵֱߣһ¡
һʥҪҪȻͻˡ
óëʣֽϳУճһҳĸꡣǷʥֽдʱܻĿˡ
˹壬Ŀ˾Ͳ˵ˣ϶ֻǲ֪ʥĹ㳡ܷܲŵô
ԼԵϡ衣˸ĸ֮⡭
ıͻȻһֽͣ䦳ī͵üͷ
ĸĸΪļģˣ

 94 

ü, ϸ, ǿԺиֳõӰӰҪʱͻȻ
һ㶣˲ȴš
⣬񸸣񸸵
ɯ, Ҫȥ, Ҫǰ׼
á
, ԼϵּЩʧЦ
һԼ뿪ĸ̫, ԲŻþ
ôܻǡü, һ
̨, ֻͷһССĵؽӽһ֣ȥ
ͷëôϲҰ
һ
һǣֻС޵β, ͻȻһ㱵ƺ뵽һ֡
Ȼ־ںڣȴô²
ϤİĸоΪԼǰҲһֻȻļȴûκð, ˿˹
СߣԼ첻˯ѣ˯ͷˡ
˹ȥץˣԼҪȥߣ춼ܼˡ
̾ųʥ
Ҳ֪ͷֱԼʥ˻ʲôӦ𰹴һǡ
ڶһ磬񸸺ͳ
ÿй̶ĴͷҪ﷨Ҫһ·ΪʥŮȻǲҪ·
ϻĴħʻȥ
ȻСڽ͢󣬵Ǻλ񸸵Ĺϵô磬Ϊʲô϶Ϊ͢ԸΪΣԼūͣȻ˺ܶ಻Ҫ
۶˭ǵȻġ
ѡ氮ֵʥŮڽ͢٣Ƕһݡ
룬Լڽ͢˭ĹϵǵȻģ˿˹⣬ȻûһܺĹϵܡ
һᵽ˹ֿһϣЩˣɵЩꡣ
͸⿴ϵĦ࣬ɫֻһ𣬾ȻҲг
һǣջߣͿһżشӽֽǱȴû뵽һ׸ߵİС˲䣬СһףڵϿĳѪ
һ³ͿѾоϺõҩ˸ĸлҲǸ⿴Ǻĳûпϳκ
ıģΪĸʹ֪ǲС˵ԼĺӣҲȫȻûһԹȻ԰˸ĸȴݴüͷûһ¡
˺úӣڽֿڷֱֹ˵΢Ц
ջߣӦԼģ˵ȴԷҲЦЩһģһ
ʶش˸
ǱݣֻСʱ͵Χһɽ塣
˵ǳߣʵʱѾںСķΧˣһֻȻΪ˷ֹȾ𰻹˴ӡ
ιҩˮʩ˵ı˺ܶࡣ
һͬʱҲɵð̾ҩˮôãǰЧɲô졣
ת
ͷ⣬ʹǻ
úԶϵ鶼ӡ۵ףžԽԽģֻܿһߵ˫ۺֵޱȵ졣
˲˳£ȴ֪ô˵еĿ־塣
񸸸һô꣬϶о飬Сά񸸣ûиоﲻԾ
άͷҲûأ
ûС
񸸱˴Լʮ꣬𰻹Ǻģ˵ûоӦûС
üģӦԼ⼸ܵŽ飬ͷˡ
תͷ⣬ͻȻԶϣоĶڷ⡣
ʱһ㶣ά񸸣ʲô
ǾʯֵǮġ
𰰵ֵǮҲܺÿ
ԶľӨһƬֻϧ˹Ҳá
һ·Ǻܼѣ˲ϣͻصʥ
ֻǳϵǣûп˹Ҳֻ˵ͻˣ֪ȥ
𰡰һʲôϷ
ձɽҹɫϡ
ѴϢͻȻһ㾧
һϸȥʱȴԺеǵֹһеө涼ѣһŽһţһƬһƬƬԺӡ
ɴ˫ۣһ˲䣬ȻоǷԺ
ϽŶϸһԭЩĶǾʯĸӵĴ⣬Ҳӵ
һ̧ͷ
ھʯ룬˹վ΢Ц
ҹɫ£Ĳһڲںڰ䣬˫ӾȻȾʯҪ
ϲҾ֪ͻȻʧ϶ô򵥡
˹ʣϲ𣿡
ͷϲ
ôͻȻ뵽񸸸ϲģ
˹Ц
ֻ֣Ҫϲͺá
һЦ˵ϲңҪҰһɽ
˹Ǿ仰ֻҪϲ
һ϶кܶӡֻҽҲ̫ˡ
䣬˹̧֣ϡ
һ˹Īɳƣ
ҿ԰ҵĸ㡣
ʱһַ֮ϣȴ֪Ϊֻܸܵ΢ָһ˹һۣ𽥼Ӵ
ع񣬲֪ΪЩţ֣
ʲôʱ˵ˣľһʯͷҲŲҪ
˹ް£˿޾ҹգ
ҪʲôҶ㡣
΢΢壺ھͺܺð߾ͺܺˡҲ̫ࡣ
˵꣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôԿ˹С
ˣҽͻȻоΧе㲻Ծ
˹ﲻԾ
ҡҡͷһʱƬ˵ֻǾáǾЩԾ̾˶̫ˣ廹壬ˡ̫гҾЩ
г𣿡˹һǣǰӡҼǵսҺӡ
˹ô˵ҲԼ졣
ΪҪˣҵ̫˰ɡ
˹ͷڡ
һͷ
ֻһСŻڵٽæµؾˡ
ϣ˹һƿԶƣϲʤü£ȻҪ͵ȡ
˹סţˡ
𰿴ƣﻹõǾͰƳȥÆѽ
˹һЦš
ǰһζ̼ζ٣̲סϽһڡ
ڽ͢ǿԺȾƵģǲܺ
Ⱦǲܺǻʲô塣
һھƣưư죬ܸоƲ
ĻһҪùųɡʵǰҲûƣǾƽС
һüԼȻƵֶˡ
ô붼벻ɵü
Լѵôʱ䣬ԴҲ˻ԼľƵֶ벻
ʿ˹ͻȻš
һǣṆ̀ؿ
ɯ֪ںȾơˣһͷ㡣
Ͻ֤Լᡣ
˦뿪ϴŭıӰһ˿ζ
ε룬ʥҲֻѵԼʱˡ
ֻһܵʱȥѡҪõʻֻ˰죬ûһԼϲʽ뵽ڳ¿Ļ꣬ǹһħ
ʱߵϰϰ·ûдĬĬȻ뿪
ѵк飬ɵú˸衣
·һӰϣվżֻ񣬳
ǲǾϲҰ
һǣȻЩȴʼû뿪ߡ
ˣżֳһֻǶǶ˼ȻԼͬض
ͷƤһ飬֪뵽ʲôͻȻͷ
һ˲䣬Щú۵Ҳһ˲µػعͷ
ͷƤ˲ըϻʥһ·ĬֱԼķ䡣
ޱԼΧһȦȻŵϵⷢ
ȷϣղžԲԼĴ
˻Ƕڶ
Ϊζѵܶˣ˵ĻпԭΪҲ
ȵ
Ƭ̣
ǿ򶨣
˹һϵĲƿڣȻ󻺻
һʱ˺ܶࡣЩºίһֻ˾ҵɽСޣʱۿ
˹
˹ŵ̾Ϣޱڻ
£ڡ
ʵص˵ͷ
ԼȻǿ˹δޣһʥŮ򵥵ſЩ̫ˡ
ĨĨ۾ûˡ
˹ʣʲôˣ
ҽŵʱܾڶҡ
˹һ£һġ
˵ͷ
֮ӣҲû鷢
ȻǸоֲͬĴڣӰΡ
ŻڵٽԽؽꡣ
ϣյ˸ĸţչŷ⣬ֻȼ仰
ǻμӻϣ׼
⼸ƯڰĸĴںͿ˹ͬ˵˹۶ΣյѨôĸůĸ塣
³һܵȽͺ˰ɡ
˽ǰһϣͿ˹Ȼ˯¡
ձ۲ãʶججأһΡ
ǹ½磬ûĳڵϼۣоӨľ޴ľڽϱɫʣдŴ󵨵ĸɫߡ
𰿴Ŀתȴûие˿İ
ֱһͷ׵ķ棬ͻȻһĳŴĿĹâһС
һתۣ½Ƽ䣬ĳ裬ԼС˼֮ʱһ⼸أŨҵľ˲䴫
תۼǺĳƺĺɫʯͷһ޳ӰЩɬɳƵĶߣ
ֻԸŵġ
˲ۣһϰ㣬ڴڵش
תͷ¹ڵ˪ţֳһͷĺ
뵽Լղ߰Σɵššüġ
н꣬˯Ҳ˯ţ·ߵ档
û뵽һţͿ˹ԺУĬؿ
һ˹
˹û˵֡
Цһ£һ𡣸ָıʣվˣ
˹ûлش𣬶ǵ
ٿ
ǵȻɽ̫ˣסˡ
˹ͷϴźǽϵĶϣ
ôͻȻܳˡ
һΣ˯š
˹ûʲôΣǵ
Ҳܳ
㲻Ҳվôʱ䡣
˹Ȼ¡
˵꣬ͷǾʽķˣ𣿡
룬ǵͷҡͷ
ΪǵһΣô᲻¡뵽һӣ־Щ㽡
˹Ŀؿ
Я˵ĸ׾Ǻϲе㡣Ҳ֪Һһʲôӡ𣿻᲻ֻһߵĳǲǴͻ𰡡һ̫˷ɲô졭
߶߶˵˰죬ûӦɵòô˵
һͷȴ˹۽Ƿ죬ȴЦ
ûоȣĪһᣬ
Ҫ޵ӣǲ뵽ҪȢԾͺˣ
˹ƫͷ
ǡ
ȥ
ΪҲŷ֣Ҵ˿ĺҸ
ļ򣺡Ҹӻںأ
˹ס֣û˵
˾ôվԺ￴һҹ
ڶһ磬ľЩήңʶĹǰشúӸ
ӣȴͻȻһ㶡
һüҲһü
Ȼȴ֣Щ֡
ܾ˺ܶ࣬رһΥ͡
ۣʾԼԼӣҪôࡣ
ǿɫãҮ³Ůݸһˮ
㱵ȥӣȴû뵽ˤ䣬һء
ŮһȥϽ
ȥȴͻȻ˻һԭԼĲ˱Եʱһӡ
Ѫ£Ⱦȹڡ
ŮǾʧ룬ħֹסѪȻϺϲѪգĿڸӳء
˳ȥԼһ
ǶȥǰǰֻУѾû鶺ˡ
ЩüģȻſ˹дġ𰡱ַ
֪ΪʲôϻڴȻȴĪء
ƺʲôѹĵףסĲһһֵظ
Ҫȥ
һֽϵġ𰡱֣ſŷ·ԼΣľ޳۵ס
˲վͻȻ뵽һ⣺
ǰɯأ

ʼȥãԶԶأſ˹վ棬һɫʿ⾫
ųȹڣ
ʱڴ質
ʮͽϣ¶ҵġõ΢Ц
ʻм䣬Ү³ĵ⣬һһСˡЯһ
һпôá
ȴĪᣬϴЦȴֱϣŲѪʪ˻ɴ
ĸĸ³˹˿Ͷ˴ȰĿ⣬ǣ֣͵˿˹ߡ
λͷںڣֱͦûһ̬
վڿ˹Ķ档
ǰ΢Ц񸸡ЦѾǰһˡڵ棬Ĵʡ
Ȼȴһֶûȥ˹ԷʼһԲֻްؿ
תͷ·ˣÿ˶΢ЦȻȴģһĺ촽
һ˲˸£͵ʲô
ڣѯ
΢Цؿ˹
˹ǰŮƶǸУǽǼǺ壬㶼ԸⰮϧ𣿡
˹𰣬˺ѰɳƣԸ⡣
񸸵˵ͷְͬĻһ𰡣
ͷû˵
һüһ顣
С˵һʲô
񸸵ɯһ㡣
̧ͷ棺
ؼҡ
һļž
·һжͣû˳ֹͣ
𰿴ſ˹ۣʵص
˹ء
䣬ԷͻȻǰһرڻ
ڶ߻ҵϢҵ̲ס޳
˹ؼҡ
Թشļ򣺡ҪؼңҲҪٵ磡ҽ𰣬ҲаɯҵĸĸҲв³˹˿ǲҵĳͷһжǼٵ絽ж¡
˹ʱۿļ羱
ΪʹţĺҲ֧顣
֪˶ãõˣĻʡ
Żſһ˲䣬˴ݣ˻Ǿɻǰʧĳ˵Ľȥ
һƬ޵ġնĿռ䡣
˹̧Ĩȥϵۡ

𰡣Цһ£ȴ֪ЦֶɬллõΡ
ᣬȻȴŵġ
𰲻ɵһ
һǡ
һ˲䣬͵ۡ
ǰϤʥֻͱ˷档
Ȼ𰿴ʺʥõ״̬
ͷؿؿڣҲûгʱһ
ĵվ˹վڹ㳡̧ͷ
ʱսսС󣬾ֱߵߣҲ̧ͷҹգ
ɫ
˹˵ͷ
룬Ⱦ𣿡
˹ʱһ㶡
˵ǺȾƣҲֻԼȰˡ
ŲԼ⻨ø˺ȡ
Ŀ̳ڣ͵عһڣһ
ľơ
˹ԺٺȾơ
һ£ͷ
Ϊôξǵһٷֱʱƽ͵ġ
ԣǷֱ
𰿴֮ϣֵѺۡ
һΣȻʮ졣
һ
ԺҲҪٷƢ˹绹кܶáʹҲҪã㲻Ҫ𣿡
˹ͷһξӡ
ۿȣתͷһ
˹ܸҿķ𣿡
˹ȽغʯһޣֻѾûѺۡ
΢΢һЦ쵽棬Ҳ˺ʯ
˹һ㶣𰡭
𰽫ʯ֮ϣ˹ҪĥԼˡԶڡ
ָ⸲ϣ˵ϸһħš
һյȻſ֣¶ȡ
ʮ֮ǰͳࡣ
ʮֻ֮
ۿ΢ЦؿҲͷ˫ƺӳˡ
һĮ˹
һĿ˹
ǶؿȫΪһ塣
һ˲䣬˵ͻ磬˺ƣ¶¡Уζޱ޼ʵħӿ˹ɢؼ˺ɫĺ
ħ£ɫѿɿݵ֦ɳµҶˮʼļҹ翪ʼµϢ
ɫҲ˲âʢǻš˷ܵΧתһȦȻһſŵ˵ǡ
˹֪ڶʲô𣿡
˹
֪
𰺬ῴ
˹ˡ
ȴ޲ʣҪ𣿡
ͷ
һ´ָߣԼ޳ҧȥ
𰲻ɵá˻һ
˹ѪҺ£ɢΣ
ҵģӽĶ
ɢ
˹ټˡ

 95 

, оԼʧڿ˹, ˫ţ塣
ֱ峹գȻ󱻴һ硣
оΧѾˣۡ
һۣ˳ΪԼڷٵ׹
ƲΧ˲, ., ǷֵĴ, ĸ߶ͬϴЦǵȥ˷ǵõˤ಻ɣ
ɵô󾪣ϵͳ, ʱѷв𣿣
ﲻð˰У
ϵͳƺǷˤ, ֳĬ
ôװ
Ӧ, ڷùУСĻ˳ʶȥץ
Сڿ³򡣴𰣡С
˵꣬˲뻯˽ס𰣬ȴû뵽˫һչǰͻȻһӰ
ε׹һ, ǵӰѸ٣ȵؽס𰡣
С۾͵صɴ
оһɱϤϢʱ̧ۣ
𣿣
䣬һ²ϵ, £ɽͣĶǵĻȡ
ƺǲ㶵ߣ΢΢ͫ׷·嶥ֱ֮µɽγӨ
û˵ֱڷߵĳ¥֮ϣŵʣ
û˰ɣ
عҡҡͷûС
£ڼ˴棬ûʧɫ١
ͷ̧ۿ˿գǵѷѾʧһллҡôôպþסˣ

ҿϳֵѷ죬ԤС֪Ҫؼˣһֱ⸽㡣
ؼҡ
𰱻˵һһˮļϣ顣
˵̫ȻЩƣ˲ҵ˹
̧ͷһЦǣһؼˡ
峿ĹϣǹЦƣҵһڸȪɺӳκϡ
¥֮ϣķңǵϡ
һ˲䴹ӣƫͷ
ֻֻǻδſڣͲʲôԾ
ػͷɵһ
Ϊһ˶ǱѨԼͬͣס˶ֶǱι˴.ҩɴ۾˷ܵͶߣԵıضزס޲ҪѲٽ̽ͷ˵˵ʲô
͵Լǰǵ˵棬Ұݶǡ
ǣµ˿֪ܶһ£Ѿһĸδ򡭡
۽ǲɵһ顣
ȻƤƽ˺ôһ㣬ֲͭǽڣô˿Ŷһ㲻ڣοš֮һǰһô˿ţڳ¥Щ̫ۣǻ߰ɡ
¥Ȼǰߡ
̬̫ƽȻƽ֮ƺڲŷâϢˡȺԶֿĬؿ˴ֵ
𰿴Ѿļ³һɫȻһЩ
ֻ˻ûֿ߳ڣԶԶؾһĴ󺰣
ÿС㡢С𣿡
һ㶣ȥϳˡļҶ
ǼҶǰʱһС㣡
𰿴˽ʶ˲õԤУ
ôżҸʲôǲǼʲôˣ
ǼҶ¶Ϊѵı飬Сĵؿһۣ
Сү
ʱһ㶡
˽ǲǷʲô£
Ī£ȥ
𰿴һٰۣࡣ
𾪻ʧظϵûţž͡žһ͵ڲ򿪣ˤš
˳һѣǱ̧һ㱻ˮǺ
żҷӴ𵶵Ժ룬Ũü¶⣬ηһݵվԱߣ΢°ͣ΢б
ڵصԺм䣬ǵŶŷ̵ĺڰ˫ɷͷʮĳϷġ
Цƹ
ס۵Լһ˿Ц⡣
¹ϴţ׾ĺ·ûж̬ȷЦ⣬ɸֵһķ֣
㻹֪
ȶʱˣ
Ҳ
ʱĿȵͶԱߵη
Ҳ
𰣺
ôһţԶϾӹϵˣ

۾һб죬һ򣡡
ɴۣҲŸջǾҪ򣿡
ηȥˣ͵͵һѣ
ʲôʲʣӶŻô죿
ϵһƣعͷСѾˣһôĻʲô˵õģ̫ˣҪǲŲס
Ҳܴ򡣡ֵһۣתͷˡ
ͷһ۾ܿ飬վԱߣȻԼҵĹŮĬȻлػ֮ơ
η⣬ֻ⣬ʵ⻹ʡ
һӿ𰣺
Ӧ֪ôΪʲôɣ
ӣ
Ϊôʱ䶼ûлؼң
ηбֹۣأ
𰶯˶飺ûûбƽ
˵
𰿴˿޺õİ
Լˡ
ϵһ͸һķ֣뵲ǰηͰȥ
ҪΪʲô˵ΪʲôʧģΪʲôţΪʲôҲ˵ģ
е֮⣬亹ʱˡ
Զ׼ȻϴԼĴ
۵ĸĸٿ˿Աߴӵ ̾һƹˤ˵
Ϊûиǣһĸδ򡭡
лҪ˵찾ҹ۾ʹô

 96 

⻰һ, Χʱһ
ϵŴָ, η۾һԹȥҺѾ߸Ͻ
ˣˣ
ʶؾǰ
ηôһֱӻ񣬷һɣ
ʵվ
һԹ
ĵӼֱҪ˰һ˲㻹ĸҵǸŮһĻӵĶû㵨
оίԩǱȲõģȲѰ
ηŭͷ
ڽƱ磿㵱ͻȻĻ, 㲻Źһ, , û뵽㲻ôߣ㻹
ָһָ𣺡㻹, ְ𹴴ˣôôŮ
ʶؿ
ԷӾվԱ, ηĻԵһ, Աˡ
ʱӲԼﻹܾ˵ϹӶʱеĸ
ֻǸĴϣĹɲ뱳
ϽҺ׵ģ
ַģȴû뵽һ˦, ͸ʱ˵ϡ
𰣺
üһ
ηˣɫһ䣬ֱӾͰϵĹ˹
˼ҵ嶼ˣҶѣ
ͷƤһը˲ȥ
ȲѣȻĸδ, Ǹùﰡ
ԡϵ㣺ǸӽǲҲй
𰲻ò󺰣ͱ𹰻ˣ
ηӷŭһӣ
ȫ˺˴ĸαװڵ߹СҲλĸϴˣϽˡ
Ͻǽܣ
һҲûҾʵȷʵпԣ
ʲôھ˵
һͣܲ˵е磬ģԲĸδɣ
Щ¶˵ǼǿҪǶ˵⻰ٲ˵ܻԴë
ôһͣη͸϶ǽƱ磬ֱ˦ۿǹӾҪ˦Լƨϣʶرסͷ
Ȼֻžһ죬ȴûиоۡ
ۣ̽ǰηĹֱϡ
ηһ㶣Ҳͫһ
ĸ¡
ηս˹ӣҧҧÿ
û˵ִֵվԭء˼ǡҪʹҡ
ͦΣļѾܰʵʵصˡ
ηǴҲǣҲǣֱۣ
ȻŮҲò˵СǱˡ
Ĭشӡ
𰳶һӣԼСĵ
Ҹˡ
ηһۣ
ô㡣ڿʼķ䣬ûиһ֮ǰԷ
һ´ηҲ˵顣ʲôԣ˺˱˵ĸʵηŮҪҵű˵ƫ̻Ϊ
ͷԹԵصǡ
תͷСһطɡ
СվϵļϣȵϸצӴϵĺӣ
ûԣ𰻹Լȥɡ
𰣺
ӣ
Сϵֵƨɶ׼
𰱻ѾѺߣ·ߣһ¡
ηǳ⣺ʲôдϽطҷʡ
һӣϽˡ
ֱӰʧڹսǣջߡ
һͿĸζؿԼ
ʱڵƫߡ
ηң˵Щʲô
ϵźӣС˵ʲôȴ̾һ
Сӣ˵ҵĽ飬͵˵ƷϷҲġ
΢΢̧ۣԾֱ촽
ϵһ̬ȣ²⣬ֻǡ
ǡҡͷһ̾ϷҲǫԼҵѾͷ̰ô꣬ôĻǻ֪ҷ˸Ҫǰ㣬ϷЩġ
΢ǵ
ĸҺĹϵԲǡô򵥣ڲһ𣬶ԸΪ
һ㶣С»ûأ
ηǶһ㣬ԼѾͷ˼ҵ嶼ôŵһ
ĸһüۣ˺ܶ£ϣǲҪ
ηɫúӣֻ֪ʵ鷳ˡ
ҡҡͷ˴Ǳ
ϵСڼϣηһۣ
㿴Сô
η̾ҿСôӦǸȱµĹŮô

𰱻ԼķǰѾţС˿ţǲҲӡ
ıϣɵ̾
ʵ˵һܳܣΪͷûʲô˵ġ
ϾԼϴһΰĸ˶ŪڱԼ»ᱻϳţϵֻһǱˡ
ǣζµȥ
Ͼ漰ıԴǰ
ĸֻ֪һͨ·˼׵ʵϾǶദ˿ʮѪˡ
ϵͳ˽꣬ǵ
ЩѡԸҲһ⡣ǰʲô̡
ع
˵öԡҪúúǡ
Ͼʱ䲻ˡ
һоԼƣټûнʳΪ˽ʡ˻˯
˯˰ҹͻȻһ졣
ԺѾѾ˯ˡ
ϸһʱǴӺ洫ġ
Լĺ󴰣ڼžҹè˸˯Ϸϸ΢ࡣ
ΪСԼʾãǹһǣߴ򿪴ߵ
㻹֪ûĸεġ
һ˲䣬΢ҹ˽ĻҲ˺
˳µĲ¹ɫһϮںڰһ˫ɫҪ
ĲС
һѹʣô˰
̧֣¶бֽŵֽ
ʱŨòıǶˡ
ʱʤ
ⲻԶ
ĿˮʶطڳǷСһ±Ͼʣǳǿ˵
Ҳ㲻øͶ
ֻǻ䣬Ƥһ졣

û˵ֻһ۽ǡ
û֮ǰѶŵĻ
ʹҲҪŶӡ
ֽ滹ȡ
ʲô
ȻţѾвµʲôǰɵһ
ǲǶֵĸͬҵռô֪ҰԵģ
Сʱÿ·ֵʱ͵͵Ǽҿ
һ
ҸĸȻʳܵϡ
ΪǼҵС꿪ͷǸϵ꣬ªηԻ˶ӣ˿̰졣
ÿֻ·ʱȻ͵͵ض
֪ôСϸ𻹼ǵá
ʱʲôģ
ǰССӰڽͷŴǿģ
𰿴ǰĬȴҲǿ꣬뵱ǸСӰغϵһ
һ
лл
˶ʱʳﲻʳһ˸㡣
˵ţѸҲ˹ȥ
һЦ㻹ǵ͹ҵθˡ
ôĶʣҼҵأ㲻Ƕ˰ɣ
΢¶ʯ˯ļҶ
ҵǵ˯Ѩ
ӵĸˡûӣбҪô˿𣿡
ĸҲһʱͷպúú
Ҷ
ҹɫϸ·ʳûгԽҲůġ
ַڴϣҹˣϢɡ
Ҳ˼
Ҳȥɣ￴Ͳˡ
Ϻ󴰣ת۽ȴͻȻ鵽һ⣬ǴӺԺĳȴġ
ǵλֱź󴰶ãһ£ͷƤһը
ڴ͵͵ˣ
ĶһҲ˽Ų
Щض
һ￴ҶǶ˯ѨǾ군ˣ
ǧһ֮ʣöʯӣಡ˲˳ȥ
ֻƺߣҶԺתѡ
ηߵȹսǣֻҪһܿ
һۣɲ̾Ȼ˲˷ڡ
һ룬η
û͵͵ܳȥɣ
ҶԼո˯ŵ¾ڲᣬǿ򶨣
ûУСûгŰ벽
Ǿͺá
˵꣬ηתĺ󴰣ҰͷǺվڴڣʱһ
žǷŭصͺ
𰣬ǲҪ͵ܣ
𰣺


 97 

𰰵ֻǿ˸, ʲôʱҪˣ
ȻԼĸѾ϶ı, ĬĬȥеĻҧ
Ҵˡ
ͶǽڲӰѵÿ˸ɴʾɵùһǡ
ηıһ㣬ʳ߹֪ͺˡ
ôһ仰, ǷŹˡ
˵, ߵǰ, С
, Ѷ¾ߡһǶ˰ɡ
𰿴յô, ֻҪһתͷܿ, ɵ˲ס˺
վԱߣϢ񣬿㶣͵͵سһӡ
˲񣬰
Ҷˣ
ηǺЦ, ʳ͹
óķˣšЩԡ
ﻹĳʳأ¾˶ԷΪʱ, ӹ˶
һʳнӹлл
ηհѶͳȥһü
ʲôζΪô㣿
ռܲŵøϽϵ֬ĨĨӦҲ۰ɡ
Ҳ֪͵ŪʲôηһۣȻ̾
Ϊ㣬㲻ɡ
ҡҡͷû֪ΪҺá
ҲǰװװӣҪƢҪȶǸӶܸ˲ɡ
ʶؾһʹϽġᡱʾл
ηúûڲҡ֪˲źáڻδɼң֪ĸĲסҲ²͵͵֪ġֻǰ棬һֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
֪ϴĸһŵ̫ȻȻĸײ˵϶˲
ĵǣԸĸûдӡĴǿĺġɸ֣Ѿֱˡ
ЩᣬҶ֪ҲҺܹ֡õˣԺҲˡ
ηﰲο֪ĸĿľͺá
˵꣬͵͵һۣʱ䲻ˣûȥˡ˰ʳзں󴰣Ȼߡ
㡣
ۿηӰʧڳȣͷԼֱߵʳУ
һǰӺ͸ĸԵǳԼҪȻǹ¶ҪȻǸĸǸɣѾܾöûиܼҵܰ
ηֲȱʧ˺þõ顣ȻҲٵضãΪǡ
ԵǳⱲӿ²ʼյؾТˡ
𰡣
һɫһͷͿ𾲾ؿԼͫҹɫᷢ
ˣڴڴ硣
عϴȻȼ
ƻͨĲ¹ͬˮʯ΢΢⡣
ߵߣšüͷ˵ʲôȴһʱҵõİοĻֻܵ
𰣬Ϊ˸֮¡ĸҪرҲҪ𡣡
⡱ˮײڶʯϵײؿڡ
̧ۿ괹³й΢ɫҪ͡

֪ö࣬Ų£ʣµʱúϧ
һСʣ¡ζʣ¡ζʱ䲻࣬ζҪߣζ
³
ʲôֻ֪ǲ˵ѡ
ʱܸлͨ͸ʱֺͨ͸
ĶϤһУҲκεִɡ
ͷоǰ̣һ˵ʲôȴһ졣
һΪηȥ
û뵽Ӵﵯһʺ죺
𰣬С
ֺֺЦ㲻ȥҵȥ
ССȥԵȥСнɫ࡯͵һơ
̿Ѵһ죬Сžƺ˲˽
ҡҡλΰѾƺϣȻգ̶Сֺۣõؿ
ȥͷë
㻹ġ
˵꣬һӵĶовˣһǻͷ
Һһưɡ
ʱһ
ѾܾöûкȾˡϲ̸ҺȺȾưɡ
Ĭ档
СﶼһƣȻ
һΪϻӣû뵽Ƕҡ
˵꣬΢΢һЦһ
˶ţҺҸ
Ҳһ΢ʪıףĬ
Ҹ֮¡

ڶһ磬ͷǵתѣԺԼã˴ϡ
üģǵԼϺ˺ܶƣȻϣôһԼĴϣ
ѵ
ҲǱˡ
´ѾûƵĺۼСϣƤëϻˮ˯㡣
𰿴ߵĵӣ·ܸܵµȣɵһЦ
ʰôɾôݹһ
ݹĺף֮ļ죬ÿ϶ںϵȵһСʳУǴ¥ϵСԡ
üεζѼҶ
ʼЩⲻȥʵϵ͡İ̫ѳԣòڿڸ֮
Ͷι˼ӲسСմ⣬ëͻ˲١
֮ڷ
һ죬Ŷ̼ԼĴἰԼÿ̫ûڣҹ¡ʳʡ
бۿӱգһ
ηȥ˵û¾Ƿƪˡ
ڡĸδ򡱵ɣһû
ֻʱţֲɵӣһôϰͥôܻʲô
ǻΪԼҵŮЩ֮⣬ӡ
ǼҲǾֱˡ
Ȼʲôɣ϶ⲻ˱дһ֡
ֻû뵽˽֪˲ԶǧϹΪ˿һۡ
˲Ǳˣʦʦܷס
˸ϵʱȻ䣬š
ڼұ죬ЩƣȻǿϷģҲĻӭ
뵽˵裺
һҪȥء
׵
ʦ㣬һʧ˺ü£Ƕˡ
һЦұЩµˣһλǣû뵽ָָڳŵļҶ
ҲˣҼ￴ҿýҾǳҵĴŶѣ˵Ҫȥˡ
뵽ʱҼǸףɵôһ飺
ȷʵ
Ʋͷֻ˵˰ûʦɵûͷ
ʦ㣬ô˵
һͷͿʦ°һ۲شԼüͷܼó档
Ҳ°ͻӣ
ʦ㣬֪ҳúÿҲôҰɡ
ع񣬵һۣ
Ϲ˵һ
ҾǲףСÿǺÿôĸΪأ
𰣺
Ϊģ̾һΪʦء
㻹װί
ҿյĶС
ΪиԺʦǶҴ㵽ô˶صģƽʱ㲻ɽ¶ˮİǶΪʦ
ЦãһΪǻҵµ£Ͼĺȡ
˭һüģû˸ھϾŮӵĿģŮŬĿ꣡
𰣺
ͷ۵סʦ㣬֪ˣֻᱻһƤġ
һЦ
ת
λΪѾѡ𣿡
𰣺ѡʲôˣ
ʦһۣĸѡһ㶼ĸ˵ȥɣ
׵һǾ𲻴
Ĭغͷһ±Ҳôá
Σ
ʦ㣬ǲѡġҲûʸѡλ
Լôʦʦܣһ
Ϊ˸𡣡
𣿡
ɫ΢䣺ҪȥﰡһҪ೤ʱ䣿ɱϴһ𰡡
ûһ֪ͨǵġ
һΣߺˡ
Ϊͷ׶ڣǵһǣʲôʡͷϵ飬ԼҵĴţɿɿǡ
뵽˴ãϵＸѿⷿһ룬󲿷ֱﶼ˳˴ã½ŶûطûС
Ŵú
ǸﰡǼѾҲ𣿡
ηһֽһۣ
ճûֿʼˣƤӣСٸؽȥ
һ裬һۡ
ϽɫʣЩҳ˭ϲ£Ҫȥ𣿡
ηһɺߴߵ
ǣȫĴϲ֮աҺʲôء
ȫ
֣оЩϤһ
ͻȻ뵽˭ⲻǵվȱϵǸ𣡣
ϵǰΪ޷ϰ书ƫ̻ȫ𶼻ˣȫȻһˡ
ʱֱ촽
ηߵ֪СӺҵĹϵãҲ֪үΪȷʵȱұϾཻ꣬˹˼ҵףְ˼ҶӹմӲܲ
˵ţηΪѵüүɺϣܾôÿͳȥЩ
²豭ͷҲ̧
ǿɺСʱǾҪҪ
ôꡭأ𰣡ȥˣ
лҪ˵ںҹ

 98 

ǿг
һ˴, ּе˶ڿ
޶, תһȦŷԼʱȻ֪ľסַɵñһᡣ
ôʱ䣬ԼȻ֪סַ
Щգϴڳֶ֮УȻȴûпӰ
ȥ, ȻҲûκ֪ס
·ֵʱ, úԶͿڲϵ, ׼ȫҪõĶ
ÿ˵϶ϲȻǰȴֳʱڽͷĳ
ǰ, û˼ǵ
ҧһ, Լ, ЩѹԼһ¡
Сͷ
żС˧粻ܶġ
޷˵ΪܶżΪ
̸ĸʱ۵˸Ĺ⡣
ʱֻǰοĻһ룬ҲҲοԼĻ
ͬǸĸ, ΪζԴŮ̬ȴͬ
һʱ޷Сףֻüͷ
ͻȻоǰľɫϤ͵ؾ̧ͷĴһŷ֣ԼȥѾܵ˶֣
һ, ӣƿһƾɵľţȻϵǣϰ岻ӡеţһķޡ
ʱһ㶣ϸһʣԭǰǼҵѾˣᵽ˸ڵĶϪˡ
ɫ΢䣬ÿԵЩʳǡ
üЩã߳ӡ
ΧȻײǸɫݵӰ
һüģ֪𲻼һʱֻǵ׻ǵ
ϾҸ˺ô׾ĨġǻĻ϶ģһû˵ĵطŰɡ
뵽һĸɽϿȥ
Ⱥɽšбɽĸʣĺɽɽƽȴܽһࡣ
ʱת¶ʱɵ΢΢һ¡
úԶȻվ
޳ͬ±˶Ĺ
һѣ𡭡
΢΢תͷɫʲô
ôͻȻܳˣ
𰴭һڴûʲôһȻȴҲ֪˼ص˵̫ףǵ
ԶֵռǾ͵ܳˡ
һǣ
Ҹ͹ȥ
𰰵̾һ
վһ𣬿ԶһԽԽԵĺ죬˶ȴǲ֪˵ʲô
Ϊ֪Щǲá¡Ȱ˵ģүӣϮֿ֮ʼתʸʸתԼӡ
һѾǡԭ¡ܴúĹϵˡ
ԼԻؼôִοСʱɽ
֪Ȱ˵ֻѧĻ
ȥɣ
򵥵һ仰عͷ۵ֱ紵ɵʪǿľ괺⡣
֪ʱ⣬̲ס
û¡
Զ
һ̫٣Դ޷ȫȻںֽҲԽܡ

ܲ˾ˡ
һЦ
Ƿģ˵㣬ʲô͸ʲô
һתͷ
һüҡ

ȫϲ翪ʼ
ϣүȫ̲Цˡ
֪Լʲôĳ˵ң´ͻȻһĬݵꡣ
ԴصǺɾûкͶԷʽ棬˶ӻЩġ
ǰСʱ䲻ܾǷһȻ޷ڹǺúҲǿá
ֻû뵽һ죬ӻɽʧԶҵʱԷﻳ̧Ѫ޸ض
˫ۣѾմȾԡӦİǡ
ɵȥӴԺ󣬶˱ᡣ
۶ԷŬҲûж࿴һۡ
ֱԷִμӼȻ󱻷һȡ
ʧʱѡҳߡȻΣʵ˵Լﻹɿġ
ֻû뵽û뵽κԼȣϴȫ꣬ͳΪ˱Ժһˡ
ûаûڹÿÿ䡢Ϸʱշʹա
Ҳ͹򷢹šȥĶһⶼͻ
֪ƢǿȻεҲ޿κΡ
û뵽Էȴֻص˷ǣһӽߵݡǱӺݺݵسһϼӳܡ
ر֮˶Ͷ񣬷·һһʶɵӡ
ᣬЩ
ΪĶӣʹдѵǵͷϴ
ͺˣһҲ
ƲѣǡȫżظԷѾүҵĹ˽Ǳүˣв为أ
һûºүãǸİѧٷϹϵᱻ
ֻܲסȫధǴӦˡ
룬ׯ˿Ƿ⣬Ҳü
ɽȫĻ·죬Ȼ̲סʣ
үӣͲǰң
ɶʱЦһΪ
Ȼص䣬ֱġΪ֪ʹûҲ˵طɱּ֣˰ҵ¡
ѾǰҪ˼¶һָͷ
㷣ְοԼȫǻ׹ݣлʼ򣬾Ͳң
뵽΢΢ġ
תۿȫϲЦŶԼ߹
Ȼ֪ʲôõģĹҾͲںүǰ
ҿ˵һϴؼץ͸棬һõֱɵĽ췹𣿡
ɲɵһһĿ⣬һ
ʵȫʲôԤеģΪ˰סΨһгϢĶӣûг
񡭡
һҧ
ʾԼûлͷȻѾһߵˣĪҪͷˡ
Ȼսս߶Ƚ䱸һ磬û뵽ϲ֮ϰ鶼û
һû뵽ҹͳ¡
ڶһ磬Ѿȥϲŵʱ򣬰ûж
׳ŵƿţĵһۣ͵ؼг
ԭȫI˴ϣȫֻɲǿסͱԼĳסѨ
ɴڴϣȫǲı޺ۣʺĿؿīˮдԵ֣
Сˡ
΢΢ŤţҲУƫƫѨ۶ܺ
ʱСѾ߽˵Ҳܶˡ

ҵ³׳ЦϣҳһţɴΪʹģؿ˵ζҪסһȡ
˻֮£Ȼ˹˵ӣ˵үŵʱ򣬲ŰӴӴ¾һֻҡ
ηڷ˵ʱǺЦ
Ѿ̵òУЩ緹
ѵóηķˣüϸƷƺղ˵Щ޷Ӱ쵽ֺ
Цü򶶶ǰˮ΢΢Ǳơ
֣Բ£˵Ǻˮˡ
һ
ϵܼҵǲᣬ͹ҲǵˡЩź޹ء
֮⣬͵˾Уȫǻߺ˺޹ء
ʵ˵ηǲ𡣵һȫûʲôڣȫ»֮ҹϷŪԷ
ǣϷŪ̫ɣ¡
ֻ˻ɣԼҵѾͷôòԾ
극ڳʳЦЩͣ
ΣôЦ𣿡
ҲЦڡֻ
ϣҵʱȫƵڶ̲סЦ
ȻҲû뵽ȻĸҲϹ֡
һǡ
һүǱ߲鷳ɣ
ҡҡͷ¡ǼʹɵͷҲҶ֡
ֻص˱ԺԱʵѾͬնˡ
Ҳο̾
Ѿû˸۸
ɵӣһǡ
𰻹ԿԼǸСˡдޱ˳ͻȻоһ
һ㶣΢΢̧ۡ
ղ֪ʱƮϸѩ
ϵıɵૣ
쵽ˡ
ӡ
ʱţ䲻ֹʱյ㣬һֽһ졣
лҪ˵

 99 

ͻȻתˡ
ļʱһһػ, ñʱ, ֻҪһҹ
Ҳ˶װë޵գʱվӣỳԼһѹӢ
ĶϾѧϰ֮󣬵һڼɹĶ죬ηԴ˺, ʵʵ, ܡ
ϰ֮, ǰءİֻǿԼһС
ȻǸ붬, ѩѾµòˡ
վſ , ΢΢̽һ½, ѾܹȳһǳЬӡ
Сͷȥѩⷭһ޻߲ʵëš
ηͤºȲѩη룬һůͲ׵üˮЩʡ
°, ˮķЩ˯
Լȥˣʣ¶ŮˣηڼƣѵŮС, ΢ʹ˻ϻӡ
Ķø硣
˴ģǣһ䡣
η˿ɫô䣬Сӻܳȥ
һЦÿǼʱϾţò׳һΣôܲʹ졣
ηһǣҺôʱѾʼ̸ۼޡһˣȴ档
ص
ʲôõġܳȥ棬Ҳܳȥԡһڵضá
ηһۣ
⺢ӡ֪Ϊ£˵Ļҡ
գηһ£Űˡ
յĶߣСʣ
ʦã⼸ô㰡
Ѳ贵СԱߣҸʲôֲ¥Ļ
ָͷһ£ġ
η룬üǾ˹ˣ⼸첻ӰȻǸƺ«һнڣԲ᲻
˵ηü۲̧ǲһһ
Ѿͷһ㷴Ӧûаǰ²ڼҵʱ򣬲֪˭㾡Т𣿲֪˭ӲѰڻ𣿡
𰱻á˻һϽס
ηֵһۡջָϵŮҲȥˣԽԽЩĻţ
˵ǲǳʲô£ǰôӣүүӡǻ᲻ỳɵϣ
ηԽԽô£Ҳסˣ
Ȼеͣ˫ȭѵ֣οǹټҵˡвУҵȥү
ۿηҪϽ
ںɽչشأ
չأηʱһǾûˡ
ֻǸʶʲôбˮ𰣺ô֪ģǲ͵͵棿
𰣺
ѵ壬εصҲûм档
ֻá顱Ϣˡ
ÿϣĴǰһֽ
ȼ֣˵ģ˵Σֻ˵ĸ˷Ĵս
һֽȥ˰յĳĬڹ֮ѵüŤȤС˼
˵֮¸Բոֵļ
˵һأ졣֮ڲܳš
˵ˣһϵմˮıӰۡ
ÿÿ̿⼸ΪʲôûгţǺү鷳
Ϊؼһ㣬²ʱʱֻ˯ʱϢߡ
˵˼ĻȻӭԽĶ졣
ֻĪأηʣû˵ǵҴİˡ
η˲ţȻʶԼҵŮڴǾ˵ҲȫȻںϾִЦ
ֱܲ̽ʣ
ʦãΪô࣬ܿͻᶨˡôʱǻĥĥ䣿
ͷһڲ費˵
ηѾһ̿һ仰ͷ
÷ָΪ飬˵һ鶼ûǲŵġѾͷСӵĻ飬СҲûôǰʱֳô£ûգ벻ͨСΪʲôһֱѾͷΪʲôһ㶼ɿڡ
΢΢̧ۣĳѩӨĹ⡣
û˵
η𰣺ﲻǱҪһ鶼ûУҺο˵Щֻô꣬Ҫ͸׼Ե޷֣Ͱѻ˵ҲͲΪǲǣ
𰴹ӣһѩ˲仯Ϊˮβҡҡ׹
η֣ĳ
˼˵˼ʲôʱܿ˼
ĳһ۽ǵˮʱ
ͤϰϰѾʼϢÿһˡ
ڼһΣΪηһβ裬æԼˡ
ηԽԽͶЦڶ
˵ղſţھʧš
СȡůηԼǰϷͫѩľӨ
Ϧ£Ҫ˲ˮšһķŻһȾͶηʺá
ηѾ߸ϵѩȻֵ
⺢ӣѩһ죬Ϸǵܺ˲ɡ
һЦĸϰ֮˲
ɽĹϰϰ䡣ʾ꣬ѿⷿޱóٸСټһ㡣ѩӣ䡯Ҳ˵Ҫ
Щ˼ͷлĸ
ηȹϵѩмӽݣһתͷһˡ
һ㶣ʱ
𰣡ȥˣ

ҹѩա
ڸɽ֮ϣһľڿ˻·졣
һưܵķӣȴ͸ůƵĹ⡣
ڴϣ۴
ͻȻ΢΢ƿƤǧף͸ѩϸ΢ӽ޵ĽŲ
𴲱ߵĳ.ǹҹĲ֪˭
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սپȻһʲôͫ͵һ
һ˲䣬䣬ɽǰ
ֻɽ£һӰڼѵǰƺž޴İԶԶȥѹ塣
ûͣ٣˲ǰ
ˡһ˹ȥ
ס֣˲ק˻
ôˣ
£һȴǻķѩѴ󺰣
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İȻԽͻصľǰ
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ҴӼĿⷿóģ޻Ͳˡ
ӱӺ¶ͨ͵һ
ˣ
ѵͻݣѱӸϣ书ٸҲס⺮ҿ˵Ǹ˲ʮ͵Ϻȣ˼һϰȷأȵ𣿡
͵ף
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˵ţϣǵѩмѩµôҲ֪ܲͣҸĿջ㲻סҪסҿô
δ䣬ڼ羱ѩ̴˸¡
ˣȥ϶⵽ĸϴ˵
εʱ
𰣬㻹ǲǵƽɽϷ飿
ƽɽϣ
ǲһκطĵط
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Ե̧ͷ³γۣ𰸣飬ӦʱѰ˹ȥ
ָǽڷĬĬشָϣҹɫ£ĬĬഥ
𰲻֪ǲȫ¶̫ͣȻоķ
ⲻǴΪȵġ
ȫط纮˲ɢɵۡ
ֻǲ֪ǲ̫ԵĴ©Сľо¼ȡ
һתͷӡ
֮ǰɽľֻԶԶؿۡ
߽ġһࡱҪЩ̾
һŴһûˡ
Щϱһͷǣһɽס
ͻȻ뵽ϵֽʣɵһ㶡
ֻ΢΢ɨһۣͿϰźüֽīոûá
Ųӿۣɫ΢䣬һ̧˲佫˻ȥ
ȻѾˡ
һţһдţ
ѩĪҪܡ
ڶдţ
ѩ޷㣬ġ
ֻдһ֣
ѩȻһī㣬Ӧ˺þãٳû±ʲµġ
һЩȻԭÿ쿴Ķ̶̼֣˲֪ٱĽ
͵͵ؿһۣͻȻҲڿܣĿγǷĶΪֵǰ̹Ȼ
ʱһ
ץջ֡
ϸ·Сˣлл
𳤽һָϻȭʣ
ʱ򣬸߲ĸ𣿡
񣬵ûС϶ҳҰӣҶţҲٳš
˵·ӰͳһСף羱źɫë
ҵ·ʱֻҵһϡ
˵꣬
౳ɽϵģɲ书Ȼ󲻴
Ĳë޵ӣմκ죬βʪڷѩﴳŵСꡣִֿŵס
˲䣬ʹӣ
лл
ѶŵĴϣ̾
Ҳô͵͵ܳ϶ֻᱻˡ
һűƽڣĸ㡣
һҲ֪ԼӴ󰡡һĵλء
һǣ
ĸǵ죬ġ
ͷ֪ⱲĸĸţҺҸ
üۡ
ȻҲ֪ڻѩ˸⣬ͫ΢Ȼˮ
Զ֪ʲôȻȴҲ֪ǻǶôʹ¡
ĺһŵֱ촽
оžһ죬ع
۾оϮ˴ԣ˵ɫˣҸˡ
Ȼһֱ壬͸оǰѾ
˸ǷԼһѱѡ
Цãȴ͵ǰһԣһ˲ֽסĶͷ
𰣿
üϷȵĺ
һĺƽŻؿ뱧ŵ˴ϡ
ںڵķ䵽˴βϴκ죬ΪˣǼϹһκ
ıӸǺãڴ߿һᡣ
ķø˵ģת߳š
ľŷ֨ѽһ죬˲ͱϣҲ͵Ϯķ϶ľⷢŭ
ڣı˯㡣
ڶһ磬İĴеز
ܼªĲãԺۡ
Σķ䡣
ޱͻȥû뵽Ȼ˯ˣ
յüġ¿ɺãһϵĸϴ˿ɲֹǼҷźˣƨĶÿ
뵽Ͻ´
ȥʹһ
͸ǼףɫëĵЩϽıķɫǴɽҹɽ顣
ɽġ
²ۡ
ѽݸ
뽪һؼҡ
ھ߰ɣһûؼң϶żˡ
Ѿ֪ˡҸ㣬ΪͶķϣȥҷٲ˶ʮġ
𰣺
ʱ֪ÿ޻ǸЦˡ
̣Ὢζűһ
ݹȥǴѩ죬ôȥҵģ
εصܷ纮ͶôչңȻܷ纮أ
ڸ֪ж嶯
ʱηˣʶصҴˣҲˡ
䣬˶һ
룬Ҫ̡̲
𰽩סԼڡ
Σ𽫺ص罻ϰɣȥ
ѵذԼֹһȻƿľš
һ˲䣬ɽķĿİ˲ײϡ
ɴۣɽװعԶȺɽɵ³һڰ
֪Ϊʲôϲˣ
Ҳһǡ
𰿴Ž¼׵ĴѩֻɽϿͱҶɨˡ
һ
һᡣ
˵ţѵضѩһһ棬߲֦ԼϵϣȻ̵һ
ɲɰ
ģû硣
ź̬ѩɰ
ãѩˡԺ㡣
䣬ϵ̫ѩ˵ͷ£˲ڵˤ÷顣
һ£Щյץһѩ
ˣѩץȥõôݡ
ȥϵѩϡȻԱ߰ѩ¹ã
ºۼͲݡ
˲һͣʲôϣתͷѩ˶Ѻãü档
ƺڣûʹĹȥҲûʹĽ
·ԡĶӣҪɡ
ĺɬϾѹĵ׵Ļ̲סؿڷӿ
һӣعͷǿ죬΢΢һ㶣
ôˣ
𡭡
ĺ˲ǿѻڣ
˵һڷѩߵˣԸͣ½ŲȻ֪ͣãһ꣬һʱԸⲻƶݣ𣿡
һ˲䣬ߵķƺͣˡ
һؿϸѩ۽ϡ
֪˶ãĺһƺбѩڣ
۶ãҶ֮¡
лҪ˵ںҹϿ

 100 

صҺ, ⲻ˱ġ
ֻǿΪ˸Ͷķ, ηǿˮֻʮ¡
ʲô۶ۣװģʾԼѾʶ˴´ξٷ
ص, ſĴ, ̾һ
С, 
𰣬ǲȥС˧ˣ
ѷͷµЩֽϸ, ǡ
Сίص
ôС
̫, ҡһС죺
ȥµġ
СЩشչʲô°
ڻ, дűȴЦŵģ
һ˽ȴֺõ¡

ѩתηˡ
⼸췽׺߶Ͱѷǹ˸顣֪ĵطԶǵı档
Сﳤ󣬵Ȼ֪Ȥ
˽ǵ, ˡ
磬ϽֵһҲ۵ĿջӲ˲ϵĻңʦãͷЩɬĻٷʦ, ǵȥҳԡ
𰱻ûҳǺÿסӵ
ʦ㣬۲ʶ̩ɽҸҿ϶ҵķȫóԵġ
óԣָָǽǵ˿óԵĻôƳ
ΪƹҲǵСͬʱְʦһæټʱʱذչ･ؾûˡ
׺бۿ˲š
˴չС
֪ǲţһϲ˾֪ˡϰ岻粻𴲵ģ֪˶𣿡
ͷ׽Žɡ
ֱϰ彫˶ᵽζˮʱڳˡ
һЦϰ幧صѾϺãǮҲѾˡ˵Щԣȥ·ϴ·
ͷԼʳһӡ֣緹
׻㱵̧ͷ
ϰ壬˵Ǹӡĸӣ
ϰ˲ģһӡĳ˭
žһ׵ĿӶʱˡ
ʣǸأ
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Ͻŷ¥һһ۾Ϳһ.ǹߵֽǣȼֶĬ
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⼸УֻƽصΪҲֻӣϰԹظˡ
˲ۿ𰣺
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ɴۣôˣ˲Ͽζ
ϣ
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Ц㲻˵ɬȽԺỹ
ƿԣȻǾЩԾ
ȥ·ϣһֱ۲𰣬֣һɵð룬ѵԼģ
ֱϦ£ɫڡ
һصңͻȻſڿһ޳Ӱ
ͷ׽Ųһ٣Ȼ󿴵ɫ糣߹ȥֽƵٽǵӰʱ¶üۡ
һ𣿡
Īزҽӽ
˵Ҳ֣Ȼͷø±𣬵˻治˵
ΪԷʵѾԭ򣬻ΪҲ˲ֱӡ
ԶԶؿţЯվһƺ˵ʲôȻϵĴӣٰѶ
ССһ½ţɨȥϵķѩ
úԶ̧ͷ⾧˿һͷ˲ʧԭء
Σͷײſȥ
ʣôͻȻˣ
ѻĳԵ͸ڳǵռ
Ϊʲôôˣ
ΪҪȻܾ
ԽԽԣڴҹȻ˵棬Ҳû§§ֻһʳ˵պǰĿ֮
һȦһȦѾͷ΢գ͹򶨵ǣɵۣ
ɣ
ƫͷ΢΢һǡ
һ㶣͵ʶʲô־ϲ
Ѿͷô˵
׻Щز񣺡˵˵ʲô
𰽫Ƶ
˵Ժʱ˵˯ɡ
ƣ𰣬ҵţ

ûʳʲô룬Щһ˵ѩһһɢˡ
֪ʲôʱᵽҲͲ֪Լʲôʱ뿪뿪硣
ãǽϵĸ¥һ顣
˵ʹʱٶݣץסһ̾ͺá
ϣҵݶȾơ
ѩͣԶƻͨҵԺֻ¼ССġƵĵơһ㱡ѩƺеĽϸһ
һ˭û˵
žƱһûкȣǻҲб塣
һȻԶŵ˼
𰿿ϣӣ
ðɫѩһЩϲԼļˡ
ƫͷϵ£ס
ѩġſڶǸѩˡˡ
һۣһǣ
ڼҿɲҡҿҴС㣬ôôɵ¡
ԼǰһȦѩˣҡͷһЦ
Щ٣ص⼸ķѩ̫ˣ㻹ǴɽɣЩġ
ͷ
ǰΪ˶徲֮ҲΪܶ࿿һ㣬ðסˡ
ĳ޶˶ʦǾҪȥˡΪ쵽ףǾֱӻؼˡһе᲻á
һһǡ
𰹴һǣȴ֪뵽ʲôΨһһЦҲɢˣ
ؼҿá
ֻƮƮһ仰ȴһ
ĺᶯ˶ʣ
𰣬ļǺģ
Ժؿڣ
ҵļҡһǣҵļвܷɳ۵ĳвбҪߵĽ
ԺģԽ˵ԽͣȴһĻչǰ
Żƫͷ
һǺܺõĵط
ƽѾ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ȥǽ
ԶԶں棬񵥶˵
ǣֵͷһֱᣬۿҲˣЦŵ
ѾͷǰһҾߴߴ޲ðѰ뱲ӵĻ˵꣬ô첻˵ˣ
ҡҡͷֱϣ
ʦ㡭᲻㡣
ɵѾͷĨȥ᣺ֲˣô
һ֣ͫ׾һ
Ӳؼһ΢Ц
˵öԣֲ𡭡
ļ磺Ȼ𣬵һμ治֪Ǽºˡ𰣬ҪúõġҪ۸Ļҹⲻܡ۸㣬ҲҪʦ㡣ʦ㼴ʹ򲻹ҲŹ֪𣿡
ΪЦ
ͷ׻ۿŶ˵Ӱʧ˹սǣ̲ססۿȻʹ̣ҲɬҺ˳ָ
֪Լôģʱ˿ʦ˵ķֱƺԤˣĳδ
ϯƲסԼ
ߵز֣ͨۿ
޾Ϳްɡ
ʱ̡ļ羱ҲĿڡ
ѾǿѾܽ嶼ȵǰ
𡭡
첻˵
Ϊʲôֱôѹ
û˵
Ϊֱǿ־塣ǼʧȥĿ־塣
ڣʹã֪һʧȥ
ٽأȻǸǧС㣬ηδҪƼΪɣĴð
ĽŲ㱻ĥݣǾƽʱŲŲˮͰĸףμôҵġ
ηգûãϰ֮أôôҾ۵òС
𰰵ۣۡ
ӽŵţһֱЦҪֱͦװŮ˵һʱˣյʱֲ
ǿְ̫ۣηߣԼؼҡ
𰰴סȸԾŶŵĲ߳ԱҵĴţһ̧ۣͿһݵӰ⡣
˲˹ȥǰֵع˹ǣ
ҳҲţô벻𣿡
˵õֱ׳ȫǵԼϰʾһŵʵ

ĸôͻȻˣ
̫ǾͰҷųˡ
ΪǱԹðۡ
Яüͷɵһ壬˻һ̧̧ţ
Ҳ߳ݰɡ
һʱ.
ֻĽţʱòס
Ҳ˵ڴϣڷҲʺϿĽš
𰿴ӣɵúЦ
СŰ塣
ؿ߲ˣ㱳ҡ
һ˲䱴֪ΪΣϴѾ𰣬һĶȴ
ѾڴۿĺɫѾε˲ȵذ
˴У˾ȵĿ⡣
ɫȻ˿ûиղŵ߾
ƺԱˣ𰣬Զס

˶֪ӱǸС㣬ҡСҲǸ뾭ѵһˡ

Ҳں˵۹⣬ԣȥա
ʲôɰյġĶ
ҵˣܻȥڲ֪ǧŮİڱңõ֤
ɵһЦ
Ҳҵ鷳һ֪ҺˣֻŲ˵ѡ
ΪΣ
ִļ羱ص
ǱŮӳëײ֣ʵ䷴ɡ
ĸǺˡ
ͷ
ǵȻǡ
δ䣬ͻȻ鵽ֽһϷЯţΡΡ档
ͻȻһͻȻֱײ
ÿÿ
ɱǣײǻã
ۿǶԷ򸾼ףǰ׹һƺֿģģӰӡĴһƬհף˲佩ֱ
ǧһ֮ʣһ˳.ǹ˲ƿ˻һʹֹס㡣
򸾶Եڵأعл
ûüᣬɫ԰ףϰ𴦣
𰣬ôˣ
˲ɫذסָ⣬
ҸղŲΪǶԷ򸾻ᱻײЩ¡
һĶǣûˣѾˡ
³һ˱ۣ
ûµġ

 101 

֮ǰ, ϵʮ, ηǼһСԲ
ϣұηԼϵʱԲˡ
һƣ, ףн, н񳯣
ϲ, ԼʯͷϵҲѵó˳ǣ¶һɰͰ͵Ц
̿
Ҳһ
, ף޽
úӡ
ηһЦ, Ҳһơ
η֣Ǽ, Լ˲һס
˵ţƱһ¡
ѩװعů紺
ѵôĻڷϺȾƣƵĶ, ̰
η˵Ż͵͵ذһƶԼıȻһࡣ

Σ죬ɻؿӡ
ôûζѵԼȹ˾ƾ, ƲζѾˣ
ñᣬоζǺܵ
۽ͻȻ鵽ǣͻȻȻյԱҧ
ǲ͵͵ҵľƣ
ЦŲ˵
Ҫڸĸڣֻܲ۾
㵨찡һҵľơ
΢΢ͷ΢
ٺһҾʹȥһϵꡣ
ϲЦտ˵ġ
˴һֹϴźΣüɫ衣΢΢ǹţ۵ǲҲزסľ
ھηװҲСһӣöԷҲıŮ
ǰŸץ£޶ԡǲˣѾͷˡ
һºӣѵЦеص
ȥɡ
ηֵؿȴҲѵϵϲ⡣
Σǲ£ܿճɾҲǺõġ
ƳϣҶʰүһ裬
𰡣쵽ˡһ¶Ϧ֮վҼҹɡ
ηҲЦ
Ҳá귢ô£Ҫúòٰ꣬ȥȥСҲһ㲮
˵ţ̾
ǰףֻڼҴһ죬ͱԺҴҵؽ˻ȥȥףضûأֱʮŻ궼ֻܶͷ꣬ʵǱơ
ˣ۵Ц⣺
ңɾֶˡ
޷Ӧ
ֻͷͻȻϢԡ
΢΢תͷѾûЦ⣬šüͷ֪ʲô
һͷ

ҹ룬ſڷֱ

ҹѩմȥɺã
֪𿴳Լ£˵ƳԼ
һѣ˱
ҲȥúϢ
꾢ݵֱһͷɵرס
ȻֱԽԽȥɣ󡣡
˵ͷ뿪ůĻһͷ߽ҵĴš
ص䣬Ҳû˯£Ǳͷյ˸ĸķš
ʱ˸Ҫ˯£Щ⡣
ţôˣ
ԼϵһЦ˯
˵ƣʱɫκ죬һ⻰Ǻ죺֣
鲻ڵһ
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𰺰ҾͰﻹ㣡
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ıӿ
ηһıӣ
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Ҫٴ𣿡
η޽ǣǣǼѵô֡úðһԲһļɹ
һЦ֣Ƕһ˺һֻ
η˵ıǼ⣺
һ˺һֻһճߣһôῴ
ıһᣬסη
Ҳǰҵҡ
ԭΪ𰡱ޣݺҺħᣬŪɸ³
ĸĸҲɵʧηôãʱ͵һ𰲻֡
ȻٲᣬҲзʱ
ԴϴκڽͷһԼײϷ򸾣ÿﶼԼĸӰӡ
Ǿʧڳ־壬֧顣
УȻ޼£¾õ
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صٽеĲҲ𽥵
磬Ǹһ
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죬ҲǺ졣
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˵ͷ
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ˣŮжŮ·Ҫߣﲻ֪ʲôҲ֪ǰʲô¡Ȼ㿪ڣǿ϶ǷǳҪ£ҲקסĽŲҪʲôʲôɡ
ıһᣬԷĻ
ηҲǳأȻЦŵ
ֻΣɲǱˡСڼء
ͷ
һˡ
ϣһΡ
Ƿ̶Ľγس˲ǰް߰׵ĸĸײȥȴһʵĺ

ʶػͷȥηЯ̱ڴһ׵ǵ֡
Ͻ֣ȴʹĲҽУһͷĸĸײ֧飬ҲѾ׹Ԩ
ʹסͷǰҪסȻת˲֮䣬ʧֻһ˾ŵվԭء
˲ۡ
ǰԼĴʣȻҵĴԻ޷ξг룬žţþûز
ֱߴĺ𰡣
һ㶣΢΢תۿ˴ߵǸݵӰ
ԷӰЩģȻڶͷϵȴǴŴֲڵʵУ
ˡج𣿡

һ˲䣬𽥱ɬܿƵӿϱǻ
ĬĬᡣ
һеңǲǻ
첲
һ£Ȼ󻺻ԼϵĹ.̡
ᵽϴڸɽ֮ϵĺɵñ
Ҳ󻺻
Σ
εʲôǶǼٵģĪ¡
˵ͷϡ
Ǳһ̵˺ֱĺֱƽ
Ҳѹһжҡ

ĲÿȥҲ죬ʣʱѾˡ
ϣȥð˵ðˡֻǽͷԺ
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