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ҲǴ˵ˮŮڻ

Сʦá

ʦ֣֮ӣò

ص㡪׷

˲оԼӡ

Ϊ˱Զʦ֣˸ɽͷ·˼Сʦ֡

СʦʲôãΪֱ̫ˡ

ΣֻһһŬסСʦ֡

ȻŻš

ȵȣΪʲôСʦֵֺħĴһģһ

ף俴ԼԹ꣬Цһֱ㶼һɱԵħ

СʦͶʦ֣

Լʦ̫ˣô죿

ԹСʦXǸˣСʦ

Ķָϡ

1VǰVϾŵ¡

2٣ڶᲹ¡

3һ趨Ǹߵġ

4һͨСģûйĶǣ衣

Ԥա

Ԥղ~

ʦͻȻϷ顿

ϴԽˣһΪһûӵŮ䡣

źúõĵͽܲҪ޸һˣ󷴶ǸʧȥɸһĨҡ

󲻹ɽһЦ

ϴԽʱ䣬þԭԼʦҪ¼޸˵ʱ

ϣʲôޣˣ

Ȼ

ɹ㿪ûõĵϷ֣ԭֵָֻʦϷݺеࡣ

С糡

ȥؾǰ

ϣʦֻǸͨؾͽһ˾ͿԵġ

ĳˣΪʦֻȥ羰

ϣǡǺðɡ

ؾ˿ɽǹ֣ʦȻϲַ羰

һֻСħ

ϣʦʦֻɰ

ĳˣߡ

ҹĳ˱ԭͣõһȦ֮󣬵ڶװĽϡ

ĳˣ˭ɰ

ϣãȻá

ĳˣ㡣
==================

 1 

꣡ҹ
һŭȻ
ԭƮʶһһ˹ãȻۣͿԼǰվһŮ
Ůۿŭһޡ˵Ļף鿴ȴǱ۸һ
ŮŭãȻãȻ
ˡ˭
ȷԼûмϾʶ˺٣˼֮⣬ûˡοﳤúƯҪǼԲǵġ
οѾԴɻһһð
껹ûܿʣĵ֪ͻȻˡ
Ȼһ룬꣬Ϳˡ
޵滨ֹֹ꣬ס䣬λ¹ﻹҪίһֱӰλŮסˣԭ˵ĻȫˣôĿꡣ
ȻˣȻˣȻˣ
ǾˣԼǲ˻þ
ʲôѾûȥˣֻ֪Լͷĺۡ
ǰľɫˮģͷ亹, ڲʵ̫ˣԴ񱻼ʮҹһһʹֻССڵĳ
ûô۹
ΪټռСĺӣһֱǱһ˳ţġ˵ʹ󲡶ûһΡ
Һãʹ˼ˡָڶͷҲȥĿںŮϣίֲ⡣
ͺ˵СίͰ͵ΪʲôҪβ͡
ǱĿⶢţﾹȻĪЩ飬㡢㿴ʲôҡһûأ
Լеɫ˱䡣
֪Ϊʲô껹ڿ޵ʱȴ̲סĵ׷˼Լǲ̫ˣ԰ŵˡ
ȵȣʲôôôױŵ
ǻ˻ԴŬԼ֮ǰĶоǸðͷһ˲䱻˻ȥӲģĿ꣬һΪ޾ӹιܱܲˣ
ˣӲ֪Ȼܿ޵ôۡ
֮ǰǻŭҪݺݽѵһ֪꣬Щ˲ǣպ󱻴ʦѵҲνڡͷӣǸ²ȥ֡
߷ߵİѱջ䣬ǲĵĿڣһξĹ㣬һٸҾʦ֣ͱҡҡ
̧ۣĿ⣬峺ףһȥ·ܿ֡ɡʣµĻһֶ˵ˣֻҧһŭЩǱ뿪ˡ
תֻۣʣһ±ơ
ȵȣʲôʦ֣⵽ô£
һãȻղӶʹռݣûעǰ˵ʲôֻԼˡʦ֡֡
ʦ֣Ĵʦ֣Ӧ˵ʦ
ãȻҪȥʸȴͻȻһ¡ԼüģãȻĿ˿ơ
Ժ֪ʱһ顣
ֵͻأҲܹŹ֡û취Ǳ飬ȴʶԺġ˼룬һܣȷûбڣŽĴ顣
򵥴ֱ
һ񹬣ΪһͨŵӣԵɺ֮£һؼƾؼ츳õĳλеʶһ·ϮΪţ缸ħĽ˵ǰɹɽ硣
׼
С˵Ȥһ·ſ˽̧֣ͷܹӵװΣͻȻӦ
òǡⱾ˰ɣ
ԲŻһİĵطǸŮӻ꣬Ϊ֮ǰҲ֣
˳ǣһʱ֪²ʲô˵ڵĴԽô֪ûⱾ飬˹
صǡûᵽ˺ô
ִͷ飬ȷû֣͸ոƵľдûУ浹иϲµĹǵ˽ִħʱ򣬲ųһǡ
ԡԭ˭
һĪչʱſͻȻһ
һЩҵĿſһۣҲ˲ϱģһɣͿʼװ˯
ţڣСʦã𣿡
䵭ƽûʲô飬йµѯʡ
Ҳ֪λʦ֡
ԥһ£װʲôû
һһڽд˿ɾͲˣ
˿Žյţüﵹһ˿ȡ
ܿ죬Щҵĺһ뵽ոշ߷ȥĻǣ˱ЩȻҲţôվſڣʼתʦĻ
ʦ֮ȥɽ˼¡´ٷ㽫塣
˵û˶ƺѾˡȻȴûӱڱﹰһţЩߵĿʼײ
֪ԭ˭ˣ
ԺַҳȻǶλ
G˵㻹ǵչǸŵ𣿡
Ȼǵã˲ǰħ˺˵ʱξǶû¡
ҽ˵˸Ǳħɱġ
ʲôɣǻ˭
밡˵ʱԼߵСӣżʦ֣ѹɽĵӣû׼ĸ˾ͳ˽աԽԽͣܿˡ
ڸսɣҹ͵˵̸ҲΪγţǲŻǱֻĹ֮Ĵһˡ
ЩҪҪǣߡķղˣǽеСʦã
˵ԭǸɱ˵Сͽܣ
סǰһڡ
ֲû֣ԭ¿ͷû                    
лҪ˵ڿ~
ξԻոVǰV~
ͼɡ

Ԥղ~
ʦͻȻϷ
ϴԽˣһΪһûӵŮ䡣
źúõĵͽܲҪ޸һˣ󷴶ǸʧȥɸһĨҡ
󲻹ɽһЦ
ϴԽʱ䣬þԭԼʦҪ¼޸˵ʱ
ϣʲôޣˣ
Ȼ
ɹ㿪ûõĵϷ֣ԭֵָֻʦϷݺеࡣ
С糡
ȥؾǰ
ϣʦֻǸͨؾͽһ˾ͿԵġ
ĳˣΪʦֻȥ羰
ϣǡǺðɡ
ؾ˿ɽǹ֣ʦȻϲַ羰
һֻСħ
ϣʦʦֻɰ
ĳˣߡ
ҹĳ˱ԭͣõһȦ֮󣬵ڶװĽϡ
ĳˣ˭ɰ
ϣãȻá
ĳˣ㡣

 2 


һãԼͦõġ
ȻСΪ岻ãòҩΪռңҲûԶٿࡣռȻ˶ȴܳһҪʲôΪ˶֪Ҳûʲô˻ἵ
ͻˡⲻֻһ
ֻǿܺܿҪ˶ѡѡѸ
ĵ껩£ת۳һƬ
ԡھ鵽ˣ
ĬĬƿӣӴ
ǰӲ󣬵װεĺܾ£һЩƯС⣬һǸŮӵķ䡣
յǰ˿Լڵӡ
ϵǣԭӾȻֻ࣬ҪСһЩҲʮ߰ӡ
գգۣһ㡣
ǡϻͯ˰ɣ
ԭƷζֵֹģͷ˿Լϻ̵ɫ̲ס˳ǡûסȥһԻһ׵ĳȹ۾Щ
¹Զϣԭ齣
һֵСӡ
Щӣۣȴһ
ǱﾹȻڴ󲿷ʦֵ֡úϰߣеǰľ硣ÿʦֻǱȼ²ÿʦԺܴﵽľ硣
ӣԭ۹ʵͦõģϵļʦԭﶼյǣصǡǼʦֲ÷˻Լ
ԭŬķͲ԰
һ̾һߣ뿴ʲôӡ
Ȼ
һţͲײһˡ
Сʦãٲ㣬ʦҪˡޱĿ꣬ڴߴ٣ȴûаļС
걻һ۾ɵԲԲĿͺͻȻβ͵СӣͲ䶼ˡ
类Լ󶺵òƹЦ
ȻЦˣƲӣȫžͻ֡簮ĽꡱĴš
뵽⣬ϵı̲סЩ
껺ع񣬿Լǰӣһ¡ޱ顢仹ѡ
鲻̫ԣĺܸһ˶Ϻš
ᡢʦ֣СĴкһ˿ȷ
£ͷǰӿԼĿЩ֡
￩һ£Щŵ򴽡
ѲԼϴˣ
ǡϲ£ѵӣԭСʦõˣߵĶͽܡ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
ԻգգۣСִۡ
类Ŀ⿴ģŲסıˡûЩֵֹĹĶͻȻԼСʦãþȻǹɡվǣ˳Ŀ㣬ټһ׵ȹ̲סĵ׷
òʲôҩɣȻɣ
粻ɫջĿ⣬Ҳٿ꣬ȴЩ߰ɣʦҴȥɽ
㶣֮ǰ˵ʲô
ǡԭʲô£Ҫȥɽ˼
ŶȻ
ⲻǱؽ

ؽգ
˶ɵˡ
ǣȵȣԭڹؽյʱ򣬱ɱҪؽˣô죿û׼أ
ǰȴûϵĽŲüͷߴϣͿһŴ˵СҲ֪뵽ʲôǾʧ룬ۿһȦ
һֻ˶ǵСӣŵֻСһ𣬶ᶯˡ
ͷȥҩ忴һԼʲô߰Ķ
Ȼ£취갲
ȻȥһȦ뵽֮ڳʲôԡ硰׷겻ɣǿȡᣬᡣֻߡ갮Ľ磬յóԸжᡣ
ֻҪ֣Ϳ϶Щֵֹķȥ롣
ԡ굽ôˣ
粻⣬ղҲû˵ʲôɡ˼ôѲԼղŴˣ˼˵ȥԨ£
ߡΪһ仰ںԼʦʦţ
ôҲпܣϾ˵ڱʦ֮ǰǸ޸ĸСؤı壬¾Ҫ޼ҿɹˡ
޼ҿɹ顭һ˿̡
ǽ֮ǰ꣬ɰ㲻ÿϾ鷳̶ȣԶȽϺãڣĴ˳ЩҲǽԵۣȻᵣ뿪˸ô졣
ġ翴Ĭ꣬ĿڣֻҪպһʦú˵˵ʦ϶Ҳİġ
Ĭ룬Сקק䣬һڴĿڡ
ҪʦҸʦ˵˵ֱӰȥɣ                    
лҪ˵꣺ʦŰɣҪҽqaq

 3 


žˡ
žֻʣ·Լǻ
˵ʲô
͡Ҿãʦ㿴ҲУܸʦҪ
ҪʦҶȥɣ
ŻȻСԼǰͷҼ֣Խ
ͲʲôˣǱ֮ǰˣҲôĮ̬ȶڿҲֻС¹µģŻôճ˰ɡ
û¡ͷ࣬Ѳ䣬һ˿οСʦóˣѧΪʦˣʦһῪĵġ
ĵĴк簲οҩʱоһʱʧ񣬵ȵӦԼѾʶĸ߳˺Զ

ⲻȥɽ·ȥȪ·
ĥĥĸں棬ĥҪôܶһ١
Ӵ쿴˭
΢Ů궼ûӦ˵ͷǰߡüͣ½ŲתͷǼһۡ
⧲һײϣʶ˵˾Բ𣬻ˡ
ԼҿʼѧõСʦԽ⣬ǼĿԽ
Ǽڵĵӣƽʱúû¾һȥ۸ˡ
û׼۸ԼСʦã
ڻǺϣЩ˿Щηηġת룬ƽʱҲ񣬱ֹЦſ꣬ôһû˻˰ɣ
򴽣Ĭϣʵڷķ顣
⼸˵˭
ȻôԵڻҽɫôܳ귭ҳ飬ˡ
ιưˣĬͷŮԽᡣ
궥һ˵Ŀ⣬ԥ룬ϵġһ㡣
Ǽ˿ôûľٶ׷Цһ
̶ȣ϶ֱӶ㿪ģ
൱ŵţѾ˳Ц׼Ȼת۾ͱ
ֻúõĵǰͷ̧ͷǵĿ⡪Ҫ֪һƢõģʱٻԱ˳ɫ
һοļˣЩɪɪ࿴һۣ̲סˡ
Ŀ⵭Ŀ˼һۣ£
ʶ͵ҡͷûû¡
üĿЩƣǻߣ
ͷ˻Щƺ˵Щʲôȴֹˡ
Ǽ뿪꿴ĿԽ졣ɲ˵ӵĶʦ֣Щ񡭡
ӴһΪ˭أԭǵСʦã
ǡ˵ܲٲܲٵ
ĬĬתͷȻһɫӣЦ˹
ЦĲһ˵Ц˸о磬˵ЦǺ˪һֱ¡
ʹ˸¡
ʦ֡Сһ䣬漴ĬĬģ߶˶
ãԭʦ֣˳Ϊꡣ
ꡭ꿴ųЩӣĵģΪɫڳɨһȦ
û취˭˳ãܻ˻ǲĺ꾫
ûҵβ͵˿Ȼ̧ͷͷֳõĿˡ
ԭı˪껹оһ޵ɱ⡣
ɵգգۣԼոպûʲôɣôͻȻǵˣʲô꣬²Ǻת
һһš
ϵɱʧĺܿ죬꣬綼ûע⵽һ㡣
ȴȫû취ӵոյǹɱòᡭɱԭˣǳðɣ
ʹ֮󣬱ҲҪһȥɽ类û취˵ĹϵһЩҲ͵ͷͬˡ
ȻķԣȴڳЦЦıĬĬ˻ȥ
һ·ԽĹ졣
һ·ϣΪ֮ǰϵɱ⣬һֱʶĶųáһЩΪó̲סüңЩȤζĹӽꡣ
ЩȵǣͿ϶ϲߵˣھȻڶ
ѲɡµĿˣ
²š
ɲʦ˵ģʲô֪ڸġ
Ҫ˶ô׻ڸģǻҪʲô
лҪ˵ǰһ½β΢˸~

 4 

˾ôһ·չĵ˺ɽ
ȵ˵طĬĬͷǰ޴ġ͵ġƿɽڣ˳˼
ԭν˼桮ڡ˼
ֻڡе
ʯڿȻģеǱʲôһ¡ʯϣһЩֵַֹƺǷ֮Ķ
ʯǰһƾɵ棬֪ûˣǻҳµҶ治Զһʯ̨̨̦Ͳˡ
Ҳû뵽ĻôӣϵЦ˶٣Ŀ¶һ˿̡
СʦȻ£ϾŮӡֵط£ǲеͷ̫ˣ
һСʦþںĿʯڣҲ֪뵽ʲôۿʼЩˡ
еġ
Ҫȥʦɡ̲סڡ
ԣڲ۽ǵĶһ٣ЩãȻĿ磬֪ʲôղſʯڿеûעⱻҳۡ
ñ˲ò̫ã˫΢΢´ꡣ
һòǴɡҪʾȻʦ飿ȻĻ

ֻоһɺҲ֪ǲıܣʶһֱӶ㵽󡣵ȵعѾһǳˡ
ɻĿСʦã⣺ôˣ
ü΢ľԽŨ
ĸ˵ʦСʦɱֻܹɵҡҡͷ
ûеҶһ㣬һ㡣
ɵĿۣҲû˵ŻǲšֻתͷһһԲ֪ڷʲôʦܣڵʰһ¡
һûоܾ
ûعĻȻ⣬û˵ʲô
ΪʰǰĻҳɨһ£ʯ̨һ£ס˾Ϳԡæǰͱĸźһߡ
鷳ÿ
û²ãԭƽɽϢ˷硣
ֻǺ΢磬϶֣ᷢĴķ䡣ܿ죬΢ԽԽҡٹ˼룬ͳױ˴籩
ƽϯת۱㽫ǰһиǡһǰתţ·ק·ҪҲϽ쫷֮С
ۼֿץסߵɣûֱӱҲ
áҧֻǹģ
ҶŷǰԶǰľɫ˵ӰҲʧҶ֮С
Һã粢δ̫ãͻȵΧȫƽŸɿ֡ǰľȴǷ츲صı仯
ԭصҶ¶һ޺õʯ·ǵĲ֪Ļ·࣬΢΢ƾɵҲ֪ȥˣԭλϱһƵ棬ө΢ת
˵ͳأ
껷ܣȴûڶӰ
òᡭǱ˰ɣ
ŵʱȴͷһЦ
ãȻ̧ͷͿˣƮͷԶ
Ʈš
Ӧ˵ǡڷɡ
꿴ˡ
֮󣬿Ǳӣ΢ü
˵֣׽ŪҪֵĶ࣬ɲ֪ΪΣһοҵվǣﲻû۸ɹĿ֣е顣
Ϊһ꿴̫޹ˣ۸һ㡣
һԵҲĲͬժȥͷҶһ۴ʦܡ
ƲƲ죬ȻЩ飬СķԼɵ㿪ġ
˵⣬ͻȻʶʲôɨһȦЩɻ󣺡Сʦã齣أ
ǰѽСʦøհʦʱʦ͸ģСʦϲĶˣ
һ뵽ϵǰѽֻ˭֪ôؽˣټûйԼʵǸ֮˵ʶȫ齣¡
ڱ
һĿİͰͽ͵ҡˡ
ü΢΢𣬿΢Ŀ⣬Щɻ
齣֮˱ԼҪҪοʦôϲԼ齣ôԵ޹ʵİ齣һԡ
òᡭԽԽأϸϸĴꡣ
ŵòУҪԱ̹ˡڣҪڵǰһ룬ȿ˿ڡ
СʦãʦҲû취ͱʦˡ
۶ãȻ̧ͷ

簲ͷεȰ˵Ҳô˵ҲԼİȫЦһʱ˻ˣû齣֣ô죿
ҡͣתһ룬ôҲͦãȻû취Լ齣¡
ôһ룬ͷϴҴˡ
ѽ̾˿ˣһʦٸ͹ɡ
˵ͷ
ûûôɵ꣬Ǹճ̣Ϊ͵˺óԵıҳѵ⣬һСӡ
˺ǰͷ˳˳ëİο䡣
óĬ룬Լ뷨ŵö˶ֻԼǲûϢá
Ȼ˰꣬ȴԼһʱ嶯ȥο꣬
һӣֻһ죬
ʶ˳ȥ֮ȴסˡ
ԭǸƾɵʯ̨ˣʯ̨ڵĵطȴǱˡһƯӡ
ӿҲ󣬵ȴ¿ɰǽɫҲǺܵɫ˾ñ䡣
һ۾ϲӡ
ʦܣǡ翴ӣ㶡
ÿŴĻ꿴ӣۻϲĵ׾ȻĪӿһԺС
СʦþΣôһ˿ҫʵ
գգۣʵĵͷƯ
ͯеƵģӨ͸ҫ£ɾһ㡣
Ǳ͸Сʦˡ˵൱ɡ
걻ŵĵһæܾˣ⡭޹»ҡһͦϲǸԺӵġ
ȻÿǳġöԭɱôأɲʵͶԼ
û˵ƯĻǴ̵û׼һѻأֻֻԼء
õıˡ
ôСʦǿʦ֣ʦ͵ﶼ𣿡ôȻЦȴôº͡
Ȼղ˵֮ҲеʹԸԸһ£ȻҾܾǿɾһˡ
죬ͱˣ
лҪ˵ʦֳ
ʦֳ
ʦֺٵȵȡٵȵȡ
PSľǸСģûʲôĶǵҲûʲôǰ~

 5 

ҭסˡ
˿ԴвЦ⣬ֿһЩãȻ磬ӣСûС
üȻˣ°ɡ
ɡ껹һ¡
Сʦ˿ܡѵСʦǾãʦݣҪСʦ𣿡÷Ļȴըס
˳ǣ﷭˸ۡ
ӵûлǲȷϵɱǸһ·ˡ⽵ЧյıȪã־ȶЯ
ţޡ
Ҫ֪Լ򲻹һˡ
ûУ̾˿֮󣬲סͿˡǾͶлʦˡ
ݣϵɢЩҲࡣһҲ֪˵ڵʲô
ȵú뿪һ
ѹʼ˾һһģӦ
ԭԭµСӡ
갵ҡ
ֻǡȻӦ˹ȥи鷳ˡ
Щ͵ĶͷĿϣԽͷʹ
ȻƯʵ̫עĿˡ͸ҫۣҪǵȵϡĸƵġ
һ뵽ǺҹУһӡ
ⲻλεĸɱ֣أɱ
ùȻûʲôģ
תȦҲûŪôڷͻȻ΢ķ˲תĿ󣬷Ѹոµһ
ôˣº͵Ŀ꣬ͷһԼ󣬡˭𣿡
񻺺ɵҡҡͷ
ЩֵĿƺСʦãȷǰ˵ȷ꣬ҲֻܰЩ仯ڱʦͷ˹ɡ
齣ݸ꣬úˣԺ󲻿ˣƢˡ
齣ﲢܰȣһֱڲҪߡȵȴͻȻ
ͺ񡭡ȷһ㡣
齣ķӦһĨҲȥЩεͷΪԼȻСʦöЩھΡ
ȻСʦûСʦãֻǳ˹˶ѡ
걻ͻȻͷɱŪһ£ҲûжоеĴ磬굹Ҳûʲôִ
齣綣꼸䣬Ҫ뿪ȴקס½ǡ
һ£ͷ꣬ôˣ
꿴˿ԶǸӣ򴽣Сʵʦ֡ܲܰǸ
һ⣺ΪΣ
գգۣԷתҳһڣ⡭ʦ˵ĲǷ˼סݵĻ²̫á
Կ߰ɣ
ڴĿ⿴硣
û¡ȻЦģѾʹʦʦûгԷԣǱͬˡ
˵
СʦãһεҲ̫ϡȰһʦȻ㣬ʵҲΪ˻㡣ǻǲô˵ŵŮԲʲôôҲʦˣ𲻿ˡ
꣺
ûвģϣߡ
ǡε˵滰ʵ̫ˡ
գգۣȴЦһߵǰʾ꽫ϣԣ
ԥԥĴſڣһ룬ǰһоͶıˡƺһصĻ԰ɫŭŻ䡣һ׿С·š
ڻ԰һɫĹš
⡭ǡˡ
ݵȫòҲŽûݣֻһƯķӡʵ˵Ӧһߡ赲ʶ̽飬ҲԽԼΧĻ
һ˵ţǰһᣬߵһʯ̱ߡ
ɣѪ
ˣ൱ɳǲʹ˶ǼһôܻôöȻڶ绹Щ¶ȷ˵ˣֻϽҪѪ
˰ɡ͵ҡͷҲ̫ˣҪˣʱùҪô졣
ܵӣüЦһ˿СʦòĻݾûа취ֻôˡ
һ
Ҳû취ֻһֱŵܡ
Ȼ⻰ʵƭģݱϾǷƷôܻΪ޷ʹá
Ȼˡ
û취Щ˽⣬ڱϹ˳ɱָ·֮󱻳Ҳ֮䣬Ҳֻѡߡ
ϾȻɡ
û׼ݣܲɱء
ôţҲûôˡǰ룬ҧʳָһѪʯ̨֮ϡ
һ紵
ͺַķңʶĸſ˹ȥȴʲôûпԭͣ͵ڣͻȻÿʼʻһֱںĻˣҶ΢ҡš
һЩ
һ˿ȣĵ׸ֳһ˿ֵĸоָоãվȴܿڵÿһط
ÿһ仨⿪ţÿһ䶼뷨仯
һʱ˽ȥȵĸолعѾ֪ʱ뿪ˡ
ɫ
գգۣû뵽ԼȻôվ˼ʱò˵֮˵壬ȻһƣĸоûС
úͨһģһȷעĿ˳С·һ·ߵ˹֮С
ΪѪԭԭ˵İݣڷϤĵط
ںֻܴһ˵ԵЩտȴẦ£Ϊ֪ܰȫ˳Աߵ¥¥ɵת˼䣬ͣһ⡣
ƿţȴһִҡ
һŮӵķ䡣
꿴ǰϤķ䣬һֱЩҲ
ԭӦ˰ɡ껺߽䣬ڴͣ
ǵãһβ쳣̶̼ͣӣѾǰһС߻ŴĺͶҽŭ⡣һȵˣ껹ǵһڷ
ǡܻȥͺˡ
ôţȴͻȻһ¡

ͻȻԺͺ˭һ㡣
۾΢΢һֱƽһγ˼
ɹͿԻȥ𣿣
޲һֱɽڣصĸʹߡȻ̽һԭΪٻһΪ֮Ĭˡ
ԭߵΪΪ𵤡ԪӤ񡢺塢ˡɽ١
һհɵĵӣڣ츳һģܿͻڡ
ԭ꣬Ϊڡ
꣺
츳ԭ²˺Ųܰݵ°ɣ
лҪ˵쿪ʼÿո£Ͼŵ¡
˳㣬һ趨⣬ɵĲֿܻ趨Ƚϼ򵥡
°һޣš

 6 


ȻٱߣҲı䲻ԭֻǸڵʵֻһĵĽѹ˻ȥ
١ûϣҪõö࣬ԻؼңԼԼļˡ
ôһ룬ͻȻ˶־
ȻԭıЩơ
ֻԭĶ־ڸʦ֣ꡭʲôʦʦܣ˭Ҳ뵲
ǶԺҪŬġڣҪ취ȶԭһ١
Щ
ԭûдԭϸһ飬ҲֻôһϢ
׻˭ôԭϧðհԭɱ߶ûҵ֡
꽫е齣ϣԼͷԭСѰЩ
ֻҿֻⱾÿʦ֣վһλδ޻÷׷ߡԭƤֶΣÿ˶͸ˡ
꣺
һ¼ɡ
ε󷭣һֱһҳЩֵͣ
һҳֻдһ֡
ף䡣
ǳϣ궼ỳǸŮӵ֡
գգֶۣ˵ȻİҲ˵ԭҲδֹ
²ǸڻңǸûϷݵ·˼ˡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪǰ漸ʮǱڳ˸ŵˣ꿴֣Ȼеİ
Ͼλʦ֣иһҪԼ׷ߡ
СȥϢʱͻȻ˾䡣
˴ݡ
ոջıһӾ;ˡ
ڿǰҹˣ˭ʱںɽοݱѾαװҪɲŻĲСĴġ
òᡭɱԭɱ˰ɣ
ôһ룬ֶе㶶
û취Ȼܹܵķ״ĿҪɱǻẦ¡
껺˻񣬽ע˴һȴЩɡ
ȷһˡ
һվڻ԰ͷǰĻĿⵥֳ棬ͺһοСΪ˳̫ˣôǸɱ֡
ò󴳽İɣ
ԥã̽һ¡˲ע⣬԰·ԸĶЩֻҪ˳·ǰߣܿͻȥ
Ȼո꣬ͿǿʲôȤ£۽ͻȻһ˿Ц⡣
ãȻ̲ס˳ӵ߿ȥȴҲֻܿ仹ûĻ
ʲôÿģ
ӿһỨعע˽µ·
߿߿ߡ
Ĭš
ȻӶ·ۣȴתͷһ˹ȥ
齩סˡ
ȵȣǸ򡭡ǲǽķ
ɡ
Խʱȴת˷һ·һ˹ȥͣһùǰ
꣺
̤𣿣
˿ŷԼ亹ʪ͸ˡ
ǰվ˰죬Ȼ˳·ߡһΣûߴۿӾҪ߳ݣǿ³ȥˣȻǰվסˡ
һֱӱסˡ
תһһȥҲ֪ǲǵƹԭӵİӰû֮ǰɵĸоһ˿ɭֲ
굹һʶһ
ꡭˣòҪ˰ɡ
Żŵ￴һȦһץס齣ǰֶֻĲӣ齣Ҳһֱڲ
Ҳ֪ǲǱˣ齣һԼ˳ȥ䵽һԵϡ
ۡ
ĪЦһƹϣĪࡣ
һ
ȴûȥֻͣҰòػһΣһҪɱˣΨһԸ
ȻֵǣֻҪǰܿȴͣ
ҿ˿ͺ·һ㣬һ·˳һ·ȥ
ô߳ݡ
һֱʧ߷ΧڣգգۣͻȻӦ뿪ˡ
ʲô
ãȻˡ
ԣֻΪ·գ
ȵȣ԰ݵˣղΪʲôֱӰ˶ȥ
лҪ˵Ϸ֪ĳ꣺Ǹ·աɣ
Լϱĳˣϱеɰ


 7 

Ĭ˼룬˵¡
Ҳûб֪
Ǹ뿪֮ҲɿİݷգͲ󴳽
Ӧ󴳰ɡ
궯һ£뵽º͵΢Цĵ˵ͷ
һûˡ
ȷΧȫϤķ䣬񾭽滺Ҳ֪ǲ廹Ӧƣ˲ӿ
л㱵һ˵˯Ż˹ȥܿʧȥʶ
ڶ죬һ۵ʱ껹Щ㱡
ǰľʵ̫Ϥˣһʱֲ壬ԽǲһΡ
Ȼ꿴һߵ齣ʱ˾˲侪ˡ
Ϊ齣ġӡ֮ҲûֱӰѽ˷䡣
ǡ齣ǰƮţ۾ʮ׵ľ롣
궼Ҵ
ǶȿܿĽ⣬ǽϵĺ̵۾΢΢ʹ
òûýţ齣˰ɡ
⽣Ƣô
һţһСŲţӽ»Զ롣
齣ҲûţֻǲԶƮţͺǡڴꡣ

ûȷڴҴ֮󣬻һ
꣺
ȵȣոģ
ɴ۾ܿȥȴûκˡ
ǸԺ֣ĲУʲô
˳ǣĿǰ齣ϣǺɣǡ˵
齣һһϣмҲ̫˰ɡ
껹ûˡŶԣǽôƫƫû취Ͼԭȷ
ȵȣ԰齣ʶĻôܻûʵԭꣿ
´齣
ƽĶۣ齣ĺƯɫģһЩֵͼȴǺɫģһֱĸо
ҲĿ̫Ź֣齣Щ̫ӦĶ˶㣬һѳȻͼ£㿴ʲô
գգۣ̽Եʵ㡭ôͻȻ˵ˣ
齣ûлɣҲǲһأֻ˯һѣôһ˯ѣͶ˸ˣ
˯Ҳ̫ˣ
ãһ£Ӧ˵㱾ʶȻ֮ǰ˯ˣ˯ѣ
齣䲻ȵӦһ
һ˿õԤУ˶٣ʵԡʲô
罣齣൱˵
꣺
֣ûǴǰǴӺɽ滹һڽ齣𣿣
Ҳ˵ѽǾͻûһһ˳˱Ĳӣû˳ɽ٣ǵȵħ磬ûܰħȥ
⽣취ˡ
һԵ罣Ȼ࣬ȴҲܸ̬ܵȣһʼĺ棬˲ת
ͺ񿴵һ鷳ֻһ
鷳罣Ȼ˰һ鷳
罣ˣһ˿־
Ͳˣ
лҪ˵

 8 


衭ǰɣʵ
Ͼһֱһѽ罣罣ܸоЩ֡
罣תһȦЩ̫ӦôҡҲԣôˣ
㿴ڲڣǡһ٣ͻȻ뵽ԭܻ֪罣ĽΪѺĻȥ൱齣δ̫ίˡ
⻰൱ֻͬһ룬ôΪ룬Ҫ%
ûϵ㣬һԴﵽɽڣɹġ
꣺
⻰Լţ
ҪҸҸˣһܹ֡
罣˱䣬Ŀ
Ȼ˯ãҲЩ˽⣬ǧ˷ɹˡһڣȻ˵һһܹ
¿ǼٵģҲκĶ
罣Ķˣǣ
ҲҪһһ뵽ôŬϧҪƭΪ˰Լ
罣һ°Ҫ
룬ٿڣͱһƽĺñ졣
ˡŶԣнôͷɱΪԼԶ
²ۣû취һǲֻܰʣµĻ˻ȥ
Ȼİ罣ǣҲԵ޹ʵĶϾ⽣λ͸ԭģôɵĶˣ֮Ǳ϶һ鷳¡
Ҫ취֪Ҫ⽣͵
һ߷һ߳ݡ
ϾᱻںɽΪҪ˼Ȼ֪ԭʲôҪȥװһµġ
ȻʱҪ鷳
ִһ˿ݵϢΪ峿ϵݶų¶һŲȥЩʪĸо
ߵԣ
ӿƵģȥȴüӲһ޻
ߵġ
ܵĻɽˮ㣬羰ˣĵ˯ݸǿԼ޸ķ䡭˼ģ˵εĶΪ
Ҫǻиɱвڣ껹һֱ
̾˿̧ͷǰʯڡ
֮ǰͷʯֵĻƣֻʱͳڣҲҶ࿴ڿȥֻ⻨ƺʲôɣȴ
һʱ񣬽ģߵķˮҶµʧˣ˵ȫʯ֮С
ԭĻƣȻ任һɫӰ
ӰƯڿУ󳤷ڿƮƺ쫷֮УӰȴ˿ҡӰһɫĳ磬ȴֱΣա
վһΡʵĸɽǰǸɽӰСȴľãӰȸɽҪΣա
ע£Ӱ̧ս֣ҲûڵĶֻǰһӡ
Ȼһ룬Ϳɽˡ
һʼֻ΢𶯣ԽԽңֻɽм䱻ֳ룬м൱⻬·еĲһɽһ鶹
Ӱڱгʯǰýʯϲ֪̻ЩʲôôĿš
ʯڿ̫ãõ罣ԡ
ɫĽλƵƮǰתһȦЩȡ
ɽĶϽ£ȻҲ˵
˵꽣ʥһɽ󽫱ѧԿʯϣ֮ƮȻ뿪ްټѰѰҽʥ޹󣬱Ҳֻͼƽʯϵ·
ȻЩ·޹ɣǹʽʦ鿴ȴһŪ⾿̵ʲô
ǿʱʶܵشѪΪ䡣ҲΪˣŻὫϽ·ķΧڣߴΪܡ
ֻȴ벻ףΪʲôһڵĵӣôΣյĵط˼
ڣЩˡ
ôڡɽΪ֣ûܶĽ⣬һڵСѾͷǳɹˡ罣һʱЩԼжˡ
òСѾͷĴܰɣ
ǡ
罣ϸжһȦΪô̽飬ҲڡԼڣΪ޷
ңҪͻˡ
罣ô꣬棬ʼͼͻڡ
еǰ׶Σʵٻ⣬ٶֻ֣ҪΪ㹻˳ĵһ׶ΡҲΪˣ罣һʼδ⣬ֻŵ붨ѣҪúð˵
Ȼ˰죬ȴòԡ
꾹Ȼһֱûͻƣȫں޹ɵתͺ񡭡ûпһ
룬ϾͿʼðѪ飬ɫҲò԰
罣ֱǰ΢΢һһؽԽлϣԭҴܵ͵һͣͺѹסһ
罣Щͣǵһμͻڳ⣬̶ֳȣȻỳѾͷǴܡ
²˯̫ãԼ˯ɵˣ
罣ѹЩҲΣԭŵüչ
ȻȻʱ罣ѹסûпʶֻԺУԼַˣһαҪࡣ
עȴû취ǰӰƿʯǰãôһֱţҲ֪ǲǴԽļˣȻȫסǿŵ·
罣ҪˣȻһֱѹѹƾˣɢͻ᳹ױһͨˡ
Ȼûʲô飬ҲԸԵ޹ʰһ˱ɷˡ
οڻˣ
罣ýϣȴôҲܰ껽ѡǱӰ죬ոջѹƵҲʼԽ
Ѿͷ鷳
罣ھͷ֮ԥȻоİ취Ǹ취˵̫ΪһʶСѾͷ
ԽΪΪ巽顭
罣һʼĬǴδùģȻո˼䣬ͱƵһߡ

̹ǣϵĺлҪ䣬罣ŭֱҭסˣæһԶ˹ȥûȴɸо˿־塣
ˡΣա
罣ֿ˼ֻһߣѹƵһӱ㷴ɫۿɼĲ԰ȥҲûѪɫȥ϶ǳŲסġ
ף΢΢ü̧üôһ㣬ոշӿͱѹ˻ȥ
һţò˳žת
罣˳֣𾪲ѡٿȻʲô֮£ܹôɵģǵһμ
˾ʲôˣ
罣СĵĴǰӣിºͣüȴһѪɷ֮ǹºȫѹȥ
ֽϵ⣬ȴû뿪ڣ޼ɵĴսϸĴ
㵽˭أ
ļ塣
罣ǵЦ⣬ȴ㶼ҿҶΨ˵ע
⵽ħ
صǣ굽״ǵħģ
лҪ˵ѹȻ㡣
ѹëٲ£Ҫˣ
Ǵ

 9 


ֻܽҪ΢һ̧ͷֱӿӵ°͡
ֻǰӰÿ̵Ҳûȥעġ
޼ɵĴ꣬ĿŨŨȤζͺ񿴵İߡֻ˶İߣϲϧǰˡ
罣ܾϲ𿪣úõоһ
ҺãҲֻͣ뷨ϣûֱӶ֡
ȤС˵Ц˵һ
Ҫ֪Ѿɱˣ궼Ѿˣȴö˶˵ĳǰ뵽ʲôȤԽŨ
һԵ罣ѾƲסԼˣȻ˲ûע⵽ߵӦ˵ħʵֲ̫ˡ
ħЩͼħ壬Χȫݻ٣ȴƿΧһСֻҪ鲻ãϵ˲Ͼ
ΪʲôڶϽ£ûܷ˵ټѲɡ˱߻Ҫ
Ķɽڴܣ˻ʲôΪ
罣ԽԽ£ڵϣմҲҶ
˻վֱ壬һ̽ꡣʶĲԵĸǱɱһûΪĶᡣ
ǾͺȤˣΪʲôһѾĺܳ׵ˣ»˹»꣬ǱǰҪ˳۶ˣҲˡ
Ǿ͡һɡ
൱뵽
ȷΪҲɹ˱㽫Ŀջءһοǰ൱ĶϽ¡
Ȼոտ˹ȥԭһʯϣȴ˲両ֳһѽģӰϽ⣬ԥľʹˡ
ü΢ֻǿǽһۣӰѾϵħѹ֮䣬ʧȥ֧ŵʧ˿֮С
ʧȥĿħȴû°ֱʯ˹ȥ
ֻΣոջ񲻿ɵħȴڳʯ֮ںʧӰ٣ͺһʯһ㣬û֡
ߣʥһȴҲûȥʯڡ
ȥ罣Ҫߣո˿ͼתͷĿֱϡ
罣ܿƵʣĽжˡϣȴûжκ˺
ˡ罣һȻħ²Ҫϳһһصġ
Ȼ˶罣ĹûʲôӦûУֻǿ罣ĿƽĿڣ˵
罣Ŀˣԭ鶯˼Ǳһ㡣͵ظһ˵Ļ͵ػع
֮ǰѾʧˡ
罣ȫ׹ҶУһĸо
ʱ֪꣬Լոӹһ٣ĿǰӰûܰӰʯϻ
Ǽʻ
Ѿһʼ񣬵ڿʼֻ֪˻·һõģûдǷֱ˯š
һԭΪڲ֪ôȥ
ڣҪײͷֱȥ˯һʱӰĶͣʱǰʯѾ˷ġ
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
ȻһΣӰȴֻһ·һ£Ȼֻ򵥵һʣȴһضƺֻȴǿֻ޾ڶߣһûˡ
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ãȻ̧ͷͿӰһλӽ
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ڰȥ˽
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ֻЩ⣬ǰ罣֮ȫΪͬһʡ
ǡȥϴ𣿡
ԭɾĽѾһţҲ˺ۣҪý궼ΪʵһѺڽ
罣ĲУסˣĿڣ𣿡
꣺
꿴ɵӵĿ⣬罣ԼҲãȻһ˲ȣǣ㣬ҪҪԿ

Ŀǰ齣ԼѽۿеߡȻ罣ĽȼܸߣӲ̫ʹ
罣ּСǸӣȥߡȻֻҪҪ˵Ǹӵ£˼·ͻ˲յֵĵطȥ
ãȻ˼룬ͻȻ뵽˵һ仰
˵
罣ˡ
νΪ൱˵ĻǷܹﵽֵزˣǵ˶ɽڣһ֮ң
ܹһ仰ˣŲڽʥħ罣˲뵽һˡ
ܰɡ˵λһֱ˯ħ𣿣λĻôħôӦô˲Ŷԡ
罣ƴοԼֻһ뵽Ǹ˸ѹȸУĲõԤоԽԽء
㻹ðɣ̧֣罣ϵĻҳһһɾղŷʲô𣿡
罣ԥ˼룬¡
λµΥǱ׷ѹˡ
ֵĿ罣ۣܸо֮ǰܰĽ飬ͻȻЩˡ
ֵֹġ
Ҳٶ룬̧ͷǰʯڡҲΪʯһӣǰԶЩٵ·һһ̻ʯϡ
Щǿ·þôʧ
磬԰Ҹæ𣿡ͻȻתͷһԵ
ţ
꿴ʯڣĿһ˿ᶨʯϿЩ·
罣һ˲µҪµʲô
ʥĽ⣡
ԥľͬ⣬ϾǿǽʥĽ⡣̻ĽһԺܹ޾ĺô
Ȼ罣뵽ĳĬˡ
ôˣ𡭡
罣Ĭ̫ãԽ
ǶϽ£˵Ͻԭµһ壬᲻ɴݣڵĴҲ޷ƻȴʥһγ˶ϽԼɽ塣
Щ겻֪ʷЩͿЩȻ
ԡڰռǸӰӦþʥˣֻǲ֪Ե޹ɽʲô
ĶϽȻû֮ǰộҪӡۣҲٵǻڵĴܡ罣תһȦһڣҪڶϽϿ·
أ
¶һȦץסһص㡣
ڣҽˣ
罣
ص𣿣


 10 

ͻƵ£ûþʹĶ
Ҫ֪һʼʦŵʱչ¶ôһ˿˿츳֮Ҳ֪Ϊ˼û츳һֱûͻƣôڿꡣ
ȻֻͻƵڣⲻ֤СʦĸĹ£һ
ڶ죬ּλʦ֡
ӡܺãɵĽһʦ֡
º͵ĵ˵ͷȴܸоƺʲôԼתһȦ
ӦĴɡ
ûз쳣ûа·ϡĿϣȻܵڵȻŨҲȷǵڵı׼ϲСʦãɹͻơ
ͷЩС顣
ʵͻƵĪֻţһӰ˺üСʱѹͻˡ罣罣˵ҲǺģҪǲ⣬Ūܾ罣ʲô¡
ˣʦҪ㡣粹
ʶӦһȻӦ֮ͻȻоﲻ̫ԣӲİţת
ʦʦʦʦʦĿİͰ͵ʵ
˵ͷʦ˵ͻƣܺãҪ㣬һ飬ϴû׼ĳͷ
ԭʦߣǸΪɽһ˵ߣ
˶ˡ
߿ǶɽڵΪһֻҪһֱۣӷԼԭĻҪˣ
⡭ˣתķɿ죬ֻڡһεĳͷʦµģʦô׷ڣ»˾ʦƫġ
˵ʲôֵĻ粻⣬ʦƫģⲻǺ𣿡
꣬
εͷʵˣʱ򣬱ѵ𣿡
ãȻĻ㲻֪һ
ѵΨһһǻ̡綥ãĿ⣬Щ顣
ҲֲСʦò֪ǵȷһֱСʦõ̬Ȳá
ʵһʼЩʦ˵ʦ˸СʦãﶼǺϲġһӣȴеӣ˼ұɽ嶼йʦãȴֻʦʦܣֻܿűɽĵӣĽĲС
ʱǻ˵ԺСʦãһúûԲɽЩ۸
Ȼ֮ǵȷܿģȻܿǾͷСʦãЩֵֹġ
˵ֻ֣ǾúСʦõĿУÿʦֶҪÿʦ㶼е⡣ȻŮӵ˼ȴֱ»ʶԶꡣ
ΪԽԽ֣ǡҲͲȥСʦõˡ
СʦñˣԺҲһɿɰֶСʦˣ
ţԽϲ²Ĵʦĵȥ
Ǿĸں棬˼Լһģܲȫʬ
ϵͨӲ࣬Ϊʦֶ㣬ܻиָʦ㣬ΪżתһȦܸλʦ˵ϻһ·ÿ˿꣬鶼Щȣһǰ·ߣȴ˳
òᡭڲҪͽܣҪʦ˰ɣ
Ůﶼ¶һ˿ϲ⣬һһǾԼǶԵģ㶼׷׻Լɽ壬Ϣ˳ȥ
ûã걻壬޵Ĵžʹš
һ·˻ǵĶ
ǴԼûж֮һֱЩŤȻ˵ʱ꿴Ǻܹˣôô׾أ
ȵ˵ıȥ˺ɽ˼֮󣬻Ҳˡ
ǷʲôѾͷôôͻȻҪ壿
ǵʱȥʸȻվȴ͵һ١
԰ҪţӦø˲Ŷԣûû˲δ򣬻ˮˡǡ뵽ʱǹɵҧгݵԼǣһñԼ
һȴûֱȥ±Ͼڲ£ŮҲǿи棬ԡʱֻȥԼδˡ
ҪȥԼսδΪ˾ǸԼδ򣬽ԼŭȻδսĹ
ⶼʲô°
Σȴ
һߣûעЩֻĿ⡣ӶԼУӦ˵Ļֻǵ͹Լҵĳ̶ȣѾ˻һУڴеˣ˵Ļ˲䶼ˡ
ֻʣ¡
סĵֱۣ˵
䣬ͿžĹڵϣҴˣ
ϿңſǻڿտĴԽԵ
ֻʣһ仰ˣ߿϶Ѿ֪ǼٵˣȻôôһµơ
һ򣬰ѵе˶סˡ
֪ˣ߲źۼĿһۣʵ
ᣬȴоÿֶĿڣ걾飬һ⻰ǾԼ¶ˡ
ˡܻˡ
ǡҴˡͷСĻش
ֻΪߵ̬̫£ǿܻĿ־壬ǱʲôԽѹһͿ޳
˵ˣ״ģ
ô
ܰ壬ټ˵ΪͣȻܵͻȻ˵ĺ
һ£ֱӻˡ
ߺ绥һۣŶԷĿǴ
ǰ߾˵ʲôǿˡ߾ʦ̫䣬ŰСʦˡ
¡ҲȫСʦõĴ̲סСʦֻҪһΰˣ԰ɣʦͱСʦˡ
߱ͽ˻Ϊάʦϣֻĵ磬ͼˮͽܸȥ
ˣʲôʱˣûбĴ
Ļί͵һ١ʲôΣ˵ʲôãȻ̧ͷȻ󡭡ɱĿ⡣
꣺
ԲҴˣҲ̧ͷˣ
˲˵˻ȥ
Сһŵ꣬ԽãȻҲԽ䣺ȻѾ֪Ǳ㡭
ߣһ£
⣬ϣڸˡקԼһû׷ʲôδ򣬻ǿһ۴Ρһȴ͵һ
ֻڴ룬ۿһȦǸոտ޹ȴ䣬һ˿ŭ߱ŭˣҪʦš
˼תķɿ죬ȴǹĵͷ񣺡ǰݼߡ
ߵӦһ
£
򴽣ֿһ꣬ҲԼͷȻĻ顣ǡǸãȻ꣬ԺתȦǻһڵʵ֮ǰʦá
˻һ߶̲סü᣿
ûҧʱʦǿҵķڵϣҪμ𻹸ңֻǵʱ̫ļʦá
ߡƹʦá??? ??????
һʱ˳Ĭ
ż˵ĶԻڰԭ¸Ūˡ
ԭȥ͵˶ֱץסˣЩ˿еķΡڻͷɨһۣȻһֻӨ͸ӣ˸һͲʲôͨ
λǡ
֮ǰ겻֪˵֣һֱΪҲֻǸ·˼ס
ǣΨһŮߴͽܵδޣҲԭпɱԭˣ
ٿתͷŹֵĿŻǡ
ǣȵȣ㲻ɱԭ𣿣ôأ
˰ι


 11 


ʵҲ֮ǰûϳǣԭĻǸˣϲ£ߵĴӳصȻమĹôҲû뵽ԼһۿĻƢĹǻǡ
ôһܲµǵʱΪʲôҪˡ
Ƿο϶ǳصȻ͸Լδ޵ģصȻԭСϣ൱ǰԭ϶ûͼصȻߴա
һԼδ뷨û»Լδǰεˣ϶ϲ˾ȻҪ͵δ͸Լ
굱ãʵ̫ˡ
ΪֱߣǲҪ˱˻ˡ
껻ˣԺһʦԶһ㣬ĻǾͲȻҲͲɱˡȵȣⲻһð취
ͻȻЩܡ
֮ǰ˵ԭǱĳʦֵ׷ߣΪʶ͵͵ɱˡȻĻԶЩʦֲͺȲǵˣҲɱ֮ԼҲ԰ȥû׼ؼȥأ
ꣿ
񡭡˽ӳ˼лعãȻ̧ͷͷھֻʣһˡ
Ŷԣߡ
һӾ;ˣ󱳶Щûעʲôʱߵģ֪Ǻ涼˵ʲô
ˣɣŲ𡣡
ϣߵ̬Ȼ㲻ϺͰȴҲΪ䡣Ҳ˵Сͽܣ߲ȫ˵ġ
ΪΣԭԭ߲ûȥҹǸ֣
ۿԼСͽֿʼֻε̾˿һӣһԵϣԺ£򲻿³çˡߵȻ֪һΪԭ㣬´ٷ¾ûô˵ˣʦֱϾδ޵ˣ㡭
һ£ЩͷۡȻþãȴһĶϣڶŮ鳤֮ȫóҪȰ˵궼֪οڡ
ߵĻȻֻ˵һ룬ȴȫᣬ൱ɴĿڱ֤ԺԲŴʦ֡Ҳʦˣ
ҪˣʲôʦֵĶûϵ
ôһ룬ȴ뵽һõĽ취
ʦʦȻЩϰߣ껹ǽг˿ڣطס
ȥģ
ȥɽ൱εĿߣ֮󣬵һֻҪֻǡ֮ǰʵ£ԭԺס϶кܶ鷳ԵҪȥɽסһʱ䣬ʦ׼
ü
룬Ȼԭ꣬ȻԴӺɽˡǺɽ˵Žʥʯڣʵû˲͸һֺܲһΣնûܹȵĵط
εĿ⣬ⷴԵĻôҲ˵ֻӦһ
š߸һӡ
꿴˿ָȷһǸԼģŴ˺ӡ
Ȼһӡ
ͨ崿ڣŽɫĻƣȱ׹һλƵġ
겢ʶӣֻǾӺƯ
Ҳһ˲䣬ﴫһֵĲǲ̣ܶĳ˾һ˲ܿȥ
ûз˿쳣ȴ͵ɫһ䣬˴Ӵʧǰһǰ
걻ͻȻŭһźæ˼ĵ̽ͷ˿ǰ棬ȴûпбˡ
ûˣϵ˸±ʧˡ
ôˣʵ
߱ЩѿΪܹڴ֮ôãûбֵģ֮ҲֻһλȻǲħǱߴģλһֱڳ˯ϢֻȴҲû뵽λȻô󣬻塣
¡ûи˵Ȼȥ
ɻ뿪ˡ
ڲԶһɽ壬ĳ䲻۵ۣܸܵԼǸϵʶˣ˵ȴǺ⡣
ȡ
˵ıһ˿Ȥζ֮ǰΪ꣬岢ܳ裬Ͼϳǰѽûʲôر塣ֵʱ˿û飬һбȡ
ȻҲΪȵĽ
ȻȴԼжЩˡȶ͸꣬ܳˡ
ȣǵ˵ķ˵ȿɶƶġֻɽʧܣҲ֪ȥ
û뵽Ȼ
ҪҪء°ͣǵЦⲻʲô⡣
ˣȻǾãȤһЩ
ʱ˴ӵţףʦܣ𣿡
ףԭаıһ٣ָܿҺʵӡ
Ŵ򿪣ȴһͨӣǵӶף䵭ţֱӿڵʦ˵ˣԺɽҩ𡣡
ףһʵĵ˵ͷ
ǵӼ״üӵĿףһۣת뿪ˡֻûתһ˲䣬һƺɫħףӳת˲ʧԡ
ɽ
ףЦУ֪λСʦÿԼ᲻ܿء
϶ܿĵġ


 12 

˴ŷֻǾȻ棬Ǹק˺綼ڡ
öˡ
ǡΧô
꿴һǸǣŻǵˣһ£䣬Ҳûʲô顣
ǳصȻô
治֡
뵽Լڴ֮ϵı֤վصȻԶĵط
Ǽ״ںÿЩһۣȻʲôҲû˵ôһ뿪ˡ
걻һͷˮãȻĿ硣
ЦЦ͵˵ڵĴţΪġ
΢΢ЩȣŻǵıӰ飿
ţ˵ͷҲЩЦã˵·ϵʱмӼ鲻̫ãΪĴҥԡ
Ȼ󻨴ǾˣקŴʦ͡˹
Ĭһ£ò̾ǹȻǸĹȻ󡭡ԺصȻԶһ㡣
ԺʦڵطͲȥˣ
ʦҲ𣿡꿴ãԭƫЩ
û뵽Ȼԭɱʮ㣬ﻹǺԭ
ô룬ͿƲƲ죬һʧ㱻ʦţҪףģ˭֪׸ˡ
㣡ĥĥĬ飬򲻹򲻹򲻹ѹĲˬ
ǿϧûڼ̾Ϊܺúףһ¡ۣ
ñݺݵһԿǣæԱ߶˶㣬ϵЦⶼˣҲٺ˵ˡ
ˣСʦñʦܾʵղʱرżǶ棬Ϊʦһѵ⣬Ҫء泽ý͵
ؿˣתͷ´ųãôҲ벻λԭɱˣȻҪΪԭ
òǡԭ֮öɱԭɣ
΢Щ뵽
ιʲôأñĿ⿴ţЩ̲סڣǲ˵һˣ
գգۣͻȻըëһĳã̽ſڵллʦ֡
ոջըëĳãͺͻȻˮСһӾˡ˶£ʶĻһ䣺л
ͺͻȻͷĶȮһӾͱù޺
۾һ£ͻȻҵ˺λʦֶԻС·
ȴͻȻһ֪ΪθоЩ꿴ԼĿŹ֣ȴҲȥԼŻŵĿڣǡǸһ£ˡ
ţӦ൱ɣʦߺá
õĽŲһԽԽ죬ûþʧǰ
εЦЦ꣬Ƥ
ͷǰһȽϷɣ˭ôŤġ
ں⼸ʦֵˣʦ֡˵ɽһԭҲֻԻЩ¶ȣʦǫǫӣһºͣһ̡
ڳáഺڵСֺӣʵĲС
ôһ룬ʵͦĽԭġʦָ̣ʦƫģԭСʦãԻܳ衣ƫƫԭҪλ

ֻܸԭ̾
ôˣͷͻȻ̾
ͷůȻ᲻ãȴǲɫһЦҡҡͷû¡
ֻϾԭֻصԼļҡ
һգ΢һЩɻ
ȥ˴һȦǻص˺ɽֻ֮ǰںɽΪҪ˼ȥɽǱչڵ˶Щ棬֪״Ϸʲô
Ҫ˵걻ƹˣǱȥ˺ɽ˵겢ûбԭ¡ǼҪҥԵˣһͷˡ
еȥʻǣǸ˻ȥ
ķ׷ţȴһ㶼֪
غɽ·ϣ껹˳ȥȡ˼ķ顣
ҲֻЦ˵ԼĻãҪٿһΡԸ˵ҲûжʡҲ֪ǲĴܸоСʦáƺе
ѲԼ˵ˣĲԣСʦˣ
ЩãȻ
ûжʣ˿ԭʲôûа취ȥˣȻֻȥЩⷽ飬ܲѧ
֮˸طʼоЩ顣һʼȷ൱ѣܶȵһβ֮󣬺ܿ鱾Ĵ󲿷˼ҲԼڵƵԽ졣
һ죬갴ԼϰߣǳȥתһȦȻٻݼ
Ȼߵɽĳһʱ򣬶ͻȻ˴򶷵˼룬С˳Դ˹ȥȵߵʱ򣬲ŷ־ȻмΧһڵĵӡ
һǸȻʶǵһݵǸˣ


 13 

겻ֱӳȥĵ˸䣬
ԶһˣһݵˣĸȴһڣһͲʲôˡ
ֻĸΧӣƺвʲôҲԽļС
״΢΢һ
ĸ˵װ磬ɱֵװ硣ԭʱ˵ԭʱ˼Ҳ˵Щɱֿġ
û뵽Ƕ㲻
һֱ׼ֻû뵽ǣˡ
ȥӺпܻᱻɱȥľͻԼ
һ˿
ȻƺΣķĳʵʵϡ
˼ףϣô£
ףޱĿ˽£Ȼҩġ
˼ɪɪջ˽Ų
ңϣˣֻҪһ£ͻ̱
ףĵĴ˸Ƿ
˵ȻȴôãȻ
˱ħˣԺӰ֪ѾȻûеһʱΰݣ԰ػģл磬˯ڼһֱ
ףĿ⵭Ƴһۡ
˱һ˲䲻ٶ˵һ仰
ں˶ȴȵһȻҲܼȴǽ鶼˵ˡ
ףȱȱţʵ
ꡭæʲô
Ѿɽˣȴһֱû꣬治ߵСףǲ
Ҳͼȥҹֻ꣬һֱѾ˽䣬Ȼⴳ룬ȴпܱ귢֡
Ļ϶ỳġ
ף죬ԽĲͣټǰЩ˻ڸͣɱԽŨ
ĸֻԼ¶ԽԽͣɫ˲ò԰
ôˣǰλΪ鲻ãѪϴħ硣ڣħҲԲҳλϲɫ
ǲҪ˰ɡ
һԵ꣬ɲ֪ԼˣǼ˾ͺɷĶǣǸСĴݵʦ֣ͺһֻ޹Сá
СöµĵͷҿЩ˵ıˡ
żĲУɽһûʲôʱȥҲˡۿһˣѾҪӣҲòˡ
罣ϳʣնˡ
ֻһβٿǴæ֮³֣ٿҲûô罣ϬУһԼȻǳǸħȥģ
ֲǻˣ
罣ǿͣΪ𵴶΢΢˲Ǳ߼˵ע⡣
Ǽ˱żһ˲䣬ɱֱ
ɫһףûסһо䶼·ᵽѪҺζ
ʲôˣɱתͷ꣬ĽֱӴ˹
ԼûӦ˽档һԵ罣ҲԣԿ£껤
ô£罣ǽ꣬һֱԶǸħ
ף俴꣬Ҳһ˿ȣһ˿ᡣȻܸȤȻ꿴ЩˣͲټȥˡ
ϧˣôߡ
Ȼôţףµĺԥɱ
ᣬѹûֻף俴ı飬ΣǾԼûܻסһ㡣ůһȷˡ
λʦ֣ȻǸˡ
Ҫкñ
һ̧ס罣ЩҪɱҵģǸӱ˽ǵþ
ȡ˭
罣һûӦ
ǼɱĿֻӹϵĶȴһֱûͣȷϣЩġ
ڲڣסЩ˵ѹ罣ǰ浲ţͱֱѹſˡЩɱֿȡȡ
ȿֵĹƺһ˲
УڿλãǳλϢı䶯һ˲
ףü΢ĿڿУһ˿ȤζȣȻֻ֣ȴ١һڣȻȡȵͬȻֻһ˲ǲܵ¡
ˡ
ף۾΢΢ǵЦԽԽ
ꡭϵܿԽԽˣҲԽԽˡ
겢֪Լʲôֻǰ罣ģӰǼ˵ĳСĽ߻ֻôףͻжĺ
Ŀ־Կհһ˲䣬һ뼸ɱ־ͶѾʮˣͣԭأе罣һתֱ
ҪܣǼɱֹҪ׷ȥҲ꣬Ҫֱնɱ
Ȼ
еĹȴ˿ա
罣ڿת˸Ȧȴתͷ˼˵ǼסˣתͷͿŮӳ嵽ףǰףҲЩ㵣ûӦʲô
ѲɡԼвǼˣ
ףԥԼҪҪһ£ֱӽѾ罣嵽ǰȻһֻ֣ץס졣ǰľ˸һֻʣĲµĺڷ
ֱӱ˱
ףԴӳΪħ󣬻û˸ôһʱ֪ԼǸþ棬ӦֱӰַϵ
ôԥһ˲֮󣬱㿴ͷЦЦģҾԲġ
䣬罣ٶ͵ؼӿ죬ֱӾͱŴȥ
ֻʣǼһʱûӦãȻĶšȵʶʲôĸ˶ˡ
ȵȣǸСôħˣ


 14 


ף䣬ħħһ·ɱ¾֮λв˶ˡѪԼսħ磬罫ΪԴħ֣֮Ҳ⵨
ôһɱħڡϡ
Ƶġ
罣żûֱӰλȥ
ȻԭǣĶȥ²ǾҪ¯ˡ
罣û뵽Լ˾ȻϹ̶ȡ
ȻҪȥħ˻Ҫȣ͸ղǼˣҪǴ治һҪȵ˭
Ӧ˵ҪȵľԲϵλ
ֻϧ罣ȻҪ꣬һֲܵŭף䣬ֻףɡ
߿иϸ
ɽʹľ벻һżȣټ罣һȥߣȻϢ֮͵˵ط
ǽֹģæ֮£ôֱײ˽ȥһ˲䣬罣㲻Ĺʣֻʣ⧲һӴӿȥ
ҺҲʲôķˣڿбסԼƽ⡣ٻͷʦֲ֪ʱѾȵڵϣһмĿ
лʦóȡףһңףм
Ȼף䲻֪Լʲôôᣬ˵ãҲ̫ɱꡣ
Ͼ߿ʵ̫ˡ
֣մļһӾֱסˡɴ۾´ף䣬ǲ˼飺Сף䣿
ǲԭС¼һ𣿣
Ȼǰˣ
ף۾΢΢ϸתһȦȴûзκκ»߿־飬ֻǵľ档
ھʲô
ף棬ֱӾ˳ʦƺҺܾȣ
˶٣һûУûУǸǻȿȥʦɣ
ɱֿɻںɽأһȥˣɾ˸ˣ
ף֪תƻ⣬С߻ǺĵģԵ˵ͷһеļӿŲ
ʱͷָᷢոջܼеף䣬֮󣬱ͱԽ䵭
·ϴҴææĽŲŵ˲ˡֻϴεĽѵһξȻû˸Ҳ²⣬ֻǿף䣬һ·ĵ˴ſڡ
Ҫ֪ĵԵ޹ʿɶǻᱻȥġ
˻࿴˿ܳĳ̶˸ᡣ
ף䡭ʵܵǸ磬ԥҪҪװһֱӶſˡ
ꡭĺĳ谮
ףһ˿˿ɻԼܵһ㲻ɻΪȻܳ裬ôڱɱ֮ôöû˷֡ڲžСӣԼ߾Ȼ˱ĺܺãֲˬĸоɡ
ҪСߣֻԼͺˡ
ףĿϣʦǱˣֱܻӰߣƫƫʦ㡣
˵ף㵹ҲڣϾս˵Ҳ߿
ߣ
ڸոմӳ˯ѣڵħ̫ʱִпֱܱӸϳ壬ĻС߾Ҫˡ
취ĸԸĸߡ
ɲ֪λ˼ʲô߰£ֻڴ⣬Ҵææһ䣺
Զˣ㼱Ҵҵ˽ȥ
ڵĹⱾЩȵ߽ȥʯԶ𣬽˳ڴжĽŲһüһ߿ѵˣëë꣬ɺͳȵȣΪλħ
һʶĵͷš
ʲôħ
Ķʣ˶һߡ
ħħ֮ʹõƣԴȴǽȻ෴ױԱϳǲŵĳġף̲ס͵
˵꣬ߵĿϣף乧񣺡ӣף䣬ݼߡ
塭Ŀ˶٣յǸСͽܣ
ǡ
ĿףɨɨȻҲħΪ̫΢ҲΪմȾϵġ
˵ɣô£ôմħʵ
ãȻĿ˿ף䣬ŻȻ򣬡ĸħˣ
ĸüȴЩ⡣
ʦҸ˵ղںɽĸҪɱҸףʦ֣ҪܵĿ죬ڿ˾Ѿûˣ
ʵǿܣһϾԭʱġʱ䣬ص㣬ȫˡ
ߵԼͽһۣ֪˵
˱죬ЩίĿף䣬ʦ֣û˵ѡ
Щ˵ȷҪɱģɱĸеˡ
ףĿⰲס꣬תͷߵʦ˵ûɽȷħ壬Сʦóȣ¿Ӵ˽١
΢΢üһӣ΢ȴûκ
ãȻףСڽͣڴ˱ˣ˶ġ
գգۣҪʲôΪѧ
ף䶥εĿ⣬ЦЦߡ
ҲͻھͿˡ
ոͻƵڵ꣺


 15 

ȵעش֮еʱ򣬾ͷԼͽܺܵʲôͻȻЩĿɵĿףһۣף뵱Ƶ΢Ц
ˣʦѾȥˡߵû˰ɣ
ҡҡͷܵķɿ죬ЩҲ֪ΪʲôȻû׷ûʲôˡ뵽ף䱻ЩΧ˺һ꼱æתͷף䣺ףʦ֣𣿡
ףתķɿ죬һעħֱϻ£ȵ꿴ʱ򣬾ֻʣһ൱ֲ˺ۡ
˺ϵĻЩ˿ڵıԵ·ʴһ㡣
ôҲ˵ΣϾףҲ˺
ԼСͽΪżߵı䣬ףıҲûһʼĺƣڿһҪԼҹͽĻСӡ
һ˺ۣΪ֮ˣ˽߲䲻ȵ˵
򴽣Ҳ˵߰æεĻϾЩ¶ǳģôţԽʧ䣬ϸĿ˿ף˿ڣСֲĵʦ֣۲ۡһȥˣҩͿһ¡
йŮͿҩࣿ
˲һӵķ֣ŭɺͳ
걻ŵһ٣ͶЩ£һŲֱӹˡ
һԵףסԭºͺ͵һ˿⡣
ߣȻ˸ѵ⣡
ףˣԸһ⣬ϲŭ޳ħ֮˶֪һϰߡף䲻ģǵݻ٣Ҳῴһۣ˻ֻǿһۣҲὫ۾
ȻǸˣףеߣ֮ǰ˵ˣǱǺԣ߾Ȼѵꡣ
ףͷסȴǴŻ֣֪̿
Ҳŵͷ֪
߲㱻ôֻҲ֪ԼⷢƢĴֻӲֻ£ôףô˳ۣһֱӶһƿҩף仳ȥ
ףɱԽԽѹסҪʱͻȻ֣ĺ󱳣£û¡
ˣǴҪСŵˡ
ףɱȥͷеĻŸмȴһƬ䡣
лߣӸˡ
ȵֻʣ꣬ſʼšȻοףʱƺʲô£ʵµľλʦˡ
Ͼԭ
ôģ̲סͷߵߡ
Σ
һ£Щĥĥǰ˼ֻһξͲǰˣĵ͵һߣСʦʲô𣿡
̾Լվߵǰһˣ͸оһĴԼüġ
ãȻ̧ͷͿߵԼǰϣܿһָĶͷϡָ޳Ͼһһ㡣
ôĿָԼͷ֮뿪뿪ʱָƺմһ˿ɫϢ
ǡɻ
ħһ˿ײһӣ㽫ħֱӴݻڿ֮С
ŶһԴҶ˵ѵԼ
Ȼ
˫Դϣ΢΢ķңôˣŵˣ
ҡҡͷķ˲䡣һۣСµģΪ֪ʦڣԾͲˡ
ڷҪɱʱ򣬵һӦߡҲ֪˭ţ;߾ܾһ
ģû˸Ҷ㡣߰
Ҳ֪Ϊķֻ̫ԼĵҲԽԼСͽܣһʱЩΡԼǰôΪҥԣôõСͽܶŲء
ԼСͽЩ˵ǻֹëԼ
üԽͣͷһֱŵһƣݸ꣬۸㣬͸ǿơ
˼룬ǽ˹
ʵʣԼıɱˣʦΪ𣬵תһ룬ڵѾ֮ǰˣЩҲûʲô塣
úûȥȻصԼļҡ
ʧлָҲ£ɽҲȷȫҲѾںɽչãԼԺȥסɡ
˵ͷ
߼û£˻֣¡
վߵſڵʱ򣬾ֿڵˣһ±ڵŴѡʦѾͽʱΪʦȥһ±ɡ
˵꣬߱ͳ˴ҲԶˡ
ãȻգգۣŴѡ
ʦò֪𣿡
˵תͷŷף䲢ûߣһֱڴ֮⡣
ףʦ֡ɻ
ףüʵ̫ϲôܸоûô׽ֻϾĵӣҲû취Ľбġ
ʦֲʦֶδܻסʦãҪʦףһ˿ʧ䣬ʦõľ֮ģʦ£ƴǡ
ԣʶľܾͻȻ뵽Сϣףһҳհס
룬ͻȻСʵʦ֣÷𣿡
ףһ٣հ˼룬ãȻûûС
Сһħ磬˵÷Լĸĸ˭֪
۾΢΢һʵʦ֣δ𣿡
ףĪĿ꣬ûС
кܶΪܸմϹϵ˺ܶŮֻЩŮΪҪɱɱˣҪǱѪȵֶŵˣټħûܳƵδޡ
ԡСʲô
ףԽ档
꿴ףıԽ⣬û÷ûδޣףʦֵΪӦҲʲô׷ߡ
ֱ̫ȫˣ


 16 


ϰȫӡǣףǰԽķɣЦݶ˺öȡ
ףͷˮĿû㶮굽ڿʲôֻЩ£ҲûֱͣӰѻǿһʼŴѡʲô
겻˵ףɻȴǲԣĸ͵ÿ꣬ĸŶῪŴѡѡÿŸͬͨŴѡĵӣлɽ壬Ϊ״ӻŵӣЩѡˣ츳Ϊŵӣʲôʱлᱻţֻʵ͵ļڡ
Ͼһ£һ츳е츳ãһ㶥꣬ȲˡеȻ츳ԲȴãĽġ
ȻǵΪԼ츳ֻ֣ͨŵӣȴΪǱʺķһԾš
˵
ôҪŴѡǲС˵Ŀͷ
Ҫˣ
᲻ˣ
ӶԼռˣȵһ˵ŻعһͷͿոߵһɻĿ
Сʦãôλʦǣ
磬ı鲻ųЦ⣬ղʦЩ£λף䣬Сʦ֡
üɽĵӣԼûʦ𣬾ȻһһСʦ֣ɫͺࡣоԼҵãȥиڼҳСӸһ
ʦֲʦֺôɽ˴ʲô֣
˲俴ףı鲻̫á
ף䣬һʼЦôɰʱףħҪۼˣȻȴһ䡮Сʦ֡˲Ϩˡ
˵Ҳ֣ڽʦֵ˲٣ϾȻαװľ粻ߣʱȴʵֻ̡Щ˽ʦ֣ȴֻЩ˶ħ黨Ϊϡ
Сʦֵʱ򡭡ףһξãСʦƺͦġ
ȻˣԺƺֻһ˵ˡ
ͻȻú֣꿴˿磬ֿ˿ף䣬̲סӡ
ףЦɲ֪Ϊʲôܾм·𵶹⽣Ӱŵó˿ռ䡣
ĶѣҡҡͷԼôͻȻôɡεĿһԶԶŵ꣬ʲô
Լܴɣ
Цеҡҡͷȴûȥ
Ҳûǿֻǿףһۣ㷢ֵħˣ
Ͼףϻŵħ
գգۣһֵġ
һŷӦȻԼСʦõ¡ɲˣߵǰɨһȦûѪ˿û˰ɣ
ҡҡͷûУСʦˡ
ͷ˶ףĿ޲
ˣʦ֣ʦȥɽЩץס𣿡׷ʵ
ĿջأϷ磬ûУںɽȷħлһħǳ֣ʦ㱨
һЩûץס̲סһ¡
ǰɣò֮ҪɱһΣ
Ҫȥ߻㱨û취ﵢ̫áֻԼʦԵĳˣûסʦܴһϢȥ
˼ǣɽС͵ۼʦˣȥ˸ߣ
粻鲻Ը뿪ˣֻʣףˡ꿴˿ԼԺӵķ򣬶ףʵ֪ףʦֵԺıߣ
ףһ˿ѹССʦ֡
ţʲô̫Сû˵ʲô
ףɣȴһ˿ݾܾСʦ֡
Сʦ֣ãȻظ
ףЦЦ۾΢΢𣬿൱޺ţСʦ֡
ŷӦ룬ȻףϲƺҲνСʦס
ף俴һķһµľ룬һʱԼСߵľδЩ̫Զˡ
Ҫ취ᵽ塣
ôţף仹ǹԹԵİԼסĵطꡣ
˵ͷȻȥϢˣԺʱ䣬ȥСʦ档
˵꣬뿪Ϳף¶һ˿Ϊѣƺ˵ʲôǳĬ
ȻʦǿʼԶ֮Ϊףʵ̫ȫˣټף俴ֵױ۸һʱ㿪ʵСʦôˣʲô𣿡
ף䲻˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ֱ¶˳ЩΪѵĿ꣺鷳ʦðϸҩ𣿡
꿴˿ڣôһʱ䣬ħƺʴЩƤžͺ۵ӡԥĵ˵ͷˡСʦָ
ף˵ͷɵĸһ·˿ﶼɻ
˵ģ߸ʦ֣ǶѾϰˣֻ֮ǰЩʦֺ棬Щʦֶ޲ֱӰ˦Ȼڣףɵĸ˶Լǲǿˡ
οףGôһ𣿣
Ҫ֪֮ǰףˡ
˵۵㣬ף۵㡣ֱ꣬ͻƵڣף䡭Դǰ壬һֱڣᵤ˼ûС
ô˻ͦġ


 17 


СԺЩԶټ֮ǰʵûʲô˻Լ⡣ЩĶȫʶʦʦʦʦãһ˰ĵ
ף£ȡ߸ףҩࡣ
ôһ·ʱ䣬ףֱϵ˿ƺֱЩüС˿ڵıԵʵ⡭ûϵ𣿡
˿ڶ챻˺ô
ףüһ˿Ц⣬˿ڱԼŪģȻܻأֻһ㡣
Сߵĵı飬鲻
ͿֵֹСʦ֣֪뵽ʲôֱ˿ѪģȻȴǺЦĿ顣
òᣬħ𺦵Ժɡ
ɵĿףۣͷƿҩࡣֻƿеҩ౾ǳɫһ䣬ǺƯȻף俴ҩ󣬱ȴǱһ¡
ħˮ
καħʴˣֻҪһαԽϵħڱħ˵˵ֱҩصǡֻǱһֱۣǼһʲô
ⶫڱħ֮˵ף˵һƿ綾˵ħ˵һƿȥҲ϶ǻ᲻ġ
ףüһ˿ͣǼһѲǷԼˣҲֻڻɡ
鷳
ɲ֪ף߰ȷҩĨ֮κħ˿ڣ˸߲ҵĴףҩ
ף䲻ɫİֱ۷ϣȴĥҪôܲۼİҩ顣׼ֵǰһ룬ӵĴţͻȻ߿ˡ
ѵһֱŵһҩˡ
ŭ̧ͷҪ𣬾Ϳɫվſڣɱԥֱ塭ֱ塭ףȥˣǱŵһ£漴ЩãȻķֳøûԼ
ѲɳøףгԭҲûд
ʦ֣Ŀڣʲô𣿡
ñ߽Ŀףֱһۣһûʲô㡣
˵ֱ꣬ףмλ
룬λڷʲôƢףʱȴףȻЦ
Цеġ
λʦֵƢҲ̫˰ɣ˳ǣ漴־ͦõģҪȥףҪɱ
Ȼĸо෴ȴ챻ףЦÿҪνˡȫÿһ·һ㣬ʶڷĸ֪ǰ˺Σգ.
ףЦеĿųãѾܾûôˣһôˡӦʶû£һһʶˡ
ôţףϢĿʼħ
ʦ֣һСʦֵ˿Ҫˡȫû֮գ˳־Ͱѳøƿˡ
һȻֱϺˣ̲ס˳һۣȴֲҶֻĹĽףֱ۷ϣС˵ҩ
ף䣺
˲ܸоħһ֡
ָоͺ֮˳˻ɢһ㣬ǺףȴĲ̫뷴
ʲôôֿ־״̬ع񣬾ֱԼʦõͷһ
Ļһ䣬Сʦְ
ûСʦ֣СʦֲӦԼ𣿣ĻСͷ
ףЦеӦһš
֮ǰɱȴǰҲûˡ
ΪմȾħˮЩֱۣȫӰ첻顣
Сߡͦµġ
̬ףĸԸİֱϵħһɶЦĸлŻصԼԺӡ
ףԺӺۣܲȥҪСһ룬Ȼ߽ȥ֮󣬿ȴֳһˮ֮ԭһ˵ԺȴͻȻĸˡ
֮ǰףǰǼħˡ
ĸ˶ţ֪Լ˻̧ͷף䡣ֻЩȻĲУȴһûܣҧףǰ
ĿֻԼǸܡ¸йϵˣһܲ
ΪЩԼòɱİߣף϶ڡС߻ڣһĺܿģףһ൱ݵķŹЩˣ
˲ŵĻ࿴һۣȴѹҶʣæʧףǰ

ɽħ£ջǱȥֻļ֪һˡ
ȥɽʱѾûЩ˵ټµħȴʵʵڵ֤ȷֹħˡģһ˿ħ֡
һľĸо
ֻϧħʧĺܿ죬绳ԼĴڻ㱨ʱԥһ£ǽһ
ΪǼ˵Ψˣף궼Žȥѯʡ
˿Щ࣬һģüһĺۼһͲ̫ǡ
ֻ͵͵һۣ͹ɵĵͷ
˿Ǵɾף䣬Ҳûжʲô
֮ȫ̶ףڻشֻͷͷͿˡֻףҲܺ˵ԼںɽҩȴͻȻЮ֣ЩƺѰʲôִˡ
˶ǰĻûʲôʣֻǡ
ȷ㣿
ȻΪţܼסÿӵ֣ǡΪŮԶ꣬ҲǶˡ
һССڣȴΪĵӣΪڵܲҸʦְԼˣȴֿЩ츳Բġ
ôһˣĸħｫף
ףһ࣬棺Ȼʦãӿѡ
˵˵ͷȻЩţǿڵͬţй㡭һ
ɵĿףһۣЦŶԼͷӦлš
ջĿ⣬뿪£һһֱͻȻڣ˺ô
ˣ˲⡣
ףȴ൱ɵĵͷ¶ֱ۸߿ֻ֮ǰֱϣֻʣһϸ΢˺ۣʹùҩ
˸ȴǵ˵ͷûٿڡ
ħ¾ôѹȥΨһıģ겻òԼԺӡҲ˭ǵģټ찲ֵַȻҲû
ܿ죬ŴѡҪʼˡ


 18 

ŴѡһΣÿ˵ͷһȵĴ£ϾѪҺܹôĸÿһĴѡڸ˵ҲһģκһѡŵӣµĽͶǼٷʢʮꡣ
ֻЩ£⣬˵Ŵѡֻζһ¡
Ҫˡ
û뵽취罣ȥ
ͷ˺ü
罣Ǻֲ绽ֻ꣬밲ֵַؼң罣ȫûáܻµǰᣬҪƽĳɳħ壬ȵʱħ֣治һܻ
ԡ
ңǸ츳ܺãˡĵĶŷϵ罣Ȱ
û
罣⼸ҪŮ˷ˣҲ֪굽ʲô̼ĪҪ͸ˡ
罣˯֮ǰڶΪýʣھȻһҪˣ
ŶûС
罣ڷȻ˯һ㡣
û취ֻʱôţʱת۾Ŵѡ졣
ԭҲǴһ쿪ʼġ
һͱѣεĿһϰ㷴Ӧûе罣ǰʼ罣ûҲ쳣أѹò
֪罣Ƣˣ֮£ֻԼһ˳š
дŴѡһ׶Σһ׶αƽɽ
ŵɽžɽһ̨ףֻҪܹ֮ɽлΪһŵӡ˵ֻɽƺܼ򵥣ʵɽ·ȴŸָ󷨡
е󷨻ʹڰ·ʧһֱԭضȦӣΪͷѡ
е󷨣ֻ᲻ϵĸʾʹ뱯۵
еģûֵҰޣɫɫ󷨣ʹԭ򵥵ıԣԽӡ
УΣյȴǱһͬμӴѡˡ˵Ŵѡûƣ֮ȴĦɽ·ϵÿѡߣԸġ
ΪǣȻҲҪܵϷ嶥
һž飬һߵĴϡǰ˵˼Ҳûʲôȵģֻߵλϡ
ķڿ֮ȴü˺ߵϣ˵Ҳû˵ʲô
ɵǣĿ˴֮еˮ֮ϡˮûһüۼ͸¶һɰһƽ˴ɽߴȥ
ּҵСӰɣԼᶨҲ
ⷽҵСŮޣҲͦġ

һ
˵С˭ôһֱڷѾͷ𣿡
ĬĬ̧ۿ˹ȥȻھпһһµ꣬ͷĻ·ʵЩƾɣǸһ㡣
ǰһɫȹСŮŮü鶯üŭĶǰ˵ʲô
׵ŮӢ۵Ļ档
ԡ
ôСӣôߵģ
ûλһ˵ģǸ˵꣬ԭǣ½ͿԱߵλ¹ԭ÷С޲£һ·ιĵ£Ρ
ˮ֮еķκܿ㽫˸ˣֿʼɽˮֻһˡ
üûʲôȤɫĿһܣ˶ר־ĿŴˮˣ˳ֵ˵ϵİťȻûһС͵ˮ
ٿǺͷϡ
͵ǿ˰ġˣһǱɫݡ
ôţе̾Ϣһϧûб׻Ҳܵ㱭֣Ȼˡ
½Ϳˣһ·Ҳ治Ǽ֡˶ֻᴥһ󷨣ùҲءˡѾǵڶˣϾҪˡ
ڵˣѾͣ˽Ųǰɽ·ѾһƬĸ̨׶ˣ߻һֱڵȰ˵˷
㶼С˵ǹƬ
궶˶Ҳȴ̲סһֱſ
ȻͿǰţͻȻһֻ֣һץס˷ε
˿ţ㾪ŶûУ־һȥŵõһֻ۾ɵԲԲġ
ֻ˾С
Զ͵ף䣬ĬĬĶ˶٣Щŵı飬ͻȻЩߣһҪȥһգȻС߾ͻίĿԼ
ͺȤ
ףȻôţȴҲ֪Լڵݣûڴ֮С
鷳
ҪǰСֱӹջħˡ
ȻôţףҲֻźĿ꽥ĿǰˮһֻۣСͦùġ
ΪʲôСôˣ
ףüĿС֮תתĿȴͣǸ۵кϡ
ȻǴСϸܵһ˿ĪΣգΣղָڿвԼǶδһĪĸ֪
Ҳ˵Լδɱˣ
ף΢΢ۣͻȻЦˡ


 19 


ɲ֪Լ֮٣ѾʼӰ쵽δķչˣĿгֵĹֱһնϣڵϵ˲㻯˻ҡ
ˮ֮еķΣ·Ӣµʿһ㣬ŽôǺĹҪı
˳ǣһֳ°ͼζĿš
пʼֵֹееҰޡʱҲǸʮ꣬һŵˡ
ǷΣΪСڼܵѵԶǰӦȻҲ̫ãеĽɼᶨš
˵ʵô濴δɱķӡҲֲãԺ󶼳ΪɽڣɶԷҹﲻ벻
ôõĹ˻ϧӻˡ
꿴һʱûעߣȵعѾ˺üˡ
꣬꣬꣡
͵̧ͷͿķһĿ
ڣɵӦһֲֻۼİˮŪҡ
ķԨޣǶԭϵһˡΪ֮ǰԭһԻҩЩͰ˸ˡ
ԨҲǲ㵽Ϊʲôϳʦţϣŭظʵʦû˵˴ѡǷǵĵӣ
򴽣ɵҡҡͷ
Ԩޱ鲻̫ţüȷͽǴ£Ϊһ˽ʦͽǿǴ
˳ǣλۡ
˵ߵȷû˵ʱǸ̬ȣǰûͽܵ˼οҪ֪ԭߣԭ󣬱ҲûͽǶֻǸѧϰѣûİʦ
˵˵ΪģܾáΪ鷳
û鷳
Ȼֻһ£ȴ֣ҲĶˡ
ߣƽʱڴ֮УӲվΪ󣬶Ϊö
ٱʦֳصȻȻ䵭ģĵʱ򣬷ԭСдţʦϲľȻʳϲʳɽǺ«
ͳãҲڼദ󣬷˺ܶȤСϰߡ
ڵ˵Щ˲ֻ֣һԼԸƢˡ
ҿɸȥʡԨ޼һֱĬЦһһҴߵ˼ˣȻһ֮߹ǿɵ𡣡
껹ûӦһ˾Ѿת۾ʧ
ǡ׼˰
ȻĿ⿴Ԩһۣȴǰȵţ㶼ûлġ
뿪ϢʱͻȻߵλöֱӴ彫ģ˭ŭ
𲻻ͽ
µ˲䣬ԨϵĲ豭Ӧ飬ˮԨ޵ϣȴ㶼Ҳ
ھ¡
߳ҲҶ̬̫ԭյϱ˲ˮ͵ģڴﵽĿеģһ߳һ߿Ը
ôһᣬǺͷѾ󷨣̨ϵɢȥЩҲٳ֣ΨһҪľŬɽ
Ȼ֮ǰΪ˻סǣЩ֣Ѿľ˷ϴǿţ½Ϳһʱ䣬ȴǲòͣ
㡢ȥɡԭ˳ķѾˮʪûôǱӣ½Ϳһۣʶľ㿪
½ͿҲѾ۵òˣϾֻһͨˡ̧ͷ˿ǰûоͷɽ·ֿ˿Σ˻Լĺȴǻת
ƺҪ뿪ο·ߣۺúõ˯һȴԼǰһ
ۣͿһ΢ı
½ͿǰҲߴֻǵұ㣬
ȵſϣ½ͿվҲ˵ֻǳĬһһšʵ֪ʮ׵̨ϣѾյˡ
꿴һߵ̨ףһֱڳԱɵͻȻͣͣ
ͻȻЩĽݺݵҧһڵġ
ܸоԼһҲҪذģ


 20 


ҹĹ˵֮ڣֻǲû뵽Ǹһ꣬ȻҲߵ󡣵Ȼ֮е˶ͨˣȻһۿһ˾ĸǣȴҲԼĪһ˵츳
λȻԲ츳һͺܲǹ˵һأҲܹ˺Ŀ顣
Ȼȵһ׶εɽ·û˲ѡߣڶ׶εŴѡ㿪ʼˡ
ڶ׶εıҲѣ磬µӵϰǿݡ󷨡䡢޽١ǵ޶ԣȴһҪ㹻츳
Եڶ׶εĲԣǲÿ˵ĸǺ츳
ܼ򵥣ȴܲпᡣ
ܶǧ࣬źòɽȴΪԼ츳ʧܣȻЩпܽţŵҪڵ졣
Ժܶʧ֮󣬶ֱӷ˻ᣬѡ˻ؼҡ
ֵ½ͿʱҲûʲô⡣½ͿûзӦ飬Ĺȥȴվû˵뿪Ļ
վߣ½Ϳʧſ˵ЩʲôȴҲֻܳĬȥ
Ϊҵãε츳ȻڽϡڽɹѡȺ֮ǰλ̲סͷ½ͿһۣȴȻ½Ϳʧȴûз
ۿǱȥţҲˮ˻̾˿
˵ԭˣӦ֪ξ飬ڿ½ͿʱﻹǺܲܡ
֮¾͸ûʲôϵˣټ߲ͽԽȱȱ°һԻ˯˯˯˯
ǣѧʱ򣬱ںӵĸоô£
͵ۣ˲ȥûˡ
Ǵ𡭡
ɵתͷһ룬ֳָоͺʲô͵͵ָоʵ̫ʵˣʵ̲סһһε󿴡
ף俴꾯ĻͷȴãתȥЦѹѹסû뵽Ȼôߵľġ
ͺһֻСӣ͵Ķ߶ˣСӲΣգȴֲ˲صĲʳߡ
ףߡ޼ɵĿԼС
֮ǰ͵͵ˮ˿£ףȻǶ۵סȻ粢⣬Ҳ֪ķҡԽΪڵ˸ٶԶ࣬ټԳħΪεļѵȻͳΪħĵһŵˡ
ǸҵŮޣȻȷ츳Ҳڵף࿴
Ǹ½ͿͨˣףĺġҪ֪ԴӳΪħ֮δйΣյĸоǸһҲֻǸоЩ鷳ѡ
һżṳ̂ĳСӣȻоΣա
ףü֮еһֱ͵͵˯ȴΪעӶܻᾪѣڷģһ佫ǰħɢ
ȻˡȥλСˡ

ڴ֮˰죬ҲûĸڶԼǹҲĪʧˡǿһᣬȴջûֵס˯⣬ĵڴϱ۾˯ˡ
˶û򿴣ֻע⵽ˣü꣬ͱԼԵŮקק䡣
ǿһۣԼĸҡҡͷ˶ԻΨһŮǳ谮ֹҲûȥꡣ
ʣµĵӺܿڵڶ׶ηѡϣԭƺƵĲѡˣҲֻʣ˲ʮˣ⼸ʮˣȴҪе׶εĲԡ
׶εĲԣֻǱˡ
µΪ׼˴ʤ˱£ʧܵᱻѡţΪһͨĵӡ
ʣµЩСȻСУֻڣνıʵûʲôͷҺʣµҲ࣬ټʤֵҲܿ죬ûãʣµʮ˾Ѿѡ˳
Щ˱һӴ£˴ԭЩֵȺһӰСͷ̧ͷŵϵİ
ּҵģұˡ֮ǰһּҵķֱߵλСߣ߰ѡ
СҲԣĵͷ񣬡ڡ
ȵ뿪Ÿпּÿһһ츳
ʣµĵӺܿ㶼ϷֳɹڷΣȻǱҵ·ˡֻߵʱ򣬲ǺܸˣĿŵķ
ȵ˶뿪ˣ˲һһϸ΢ϡ
ʵ˵꣬ҲֻΪ˽Ȼûϣͱһֱɢˡһһ齣ǰ΢¶
罣û뵽Լ뿪ôһᣬСҪ۸ˡ
罣Ҳֳһ΢⣬ǹܿ㻯һΣϸȥȴߡĶǵĿԼϣſڵǡӣ
ȷΧûΣգЩ͵ĿһۣӦһ£š
˵꣬һӣ㽫˯罣ϡ
ߡ
һһôʧ˴֮У˿ʼǡ
֮ǰû廤̵꣬ѾŸüɹģ߶Ҫˣ⡭Ż᲻ֱӱֵˣ


 21 

֮УһߣףѾ۲½Ϳܾˡ
½Ϳһͨͨ꣬츳ȷô½ͿԼҲȥ̽ˣʶҲû⣬ʲôǧϹᣬҲû⡪ħ˽½Ϳ˵ݶ
ôһͨͨˣȴһֱܸо˿Σա
סĸطأ
ף½Ϳķϣü΢΢ļħ£̧ͷϾλħ鲻õʱɱġ
ۿħԽҰΧĿҲԽѹ֣һ˲ԸǿڣϣҪ¶ɱ𣿡
ļ˶ÿӵĿ⿴Ҫ֪ϿǺģǲǲ츳£ôܻҪȥɱꣿ
Ȼ˵Ļȴף䷢ǸоԵĵط
ȻһֱûҪɱ½Ϳ
ԸǷ˱˶ԼвǶȻܻġȻʶ½ͿδɱԼȴֻǲ˵ݺ츳
ʲôʱôĴˣ
ףĪɱȴ̴׼˯½Ϳ･ֳһ˿Ȥζ
Ǽüȥ½Ϳɱˡ
ϲУԻ࿴һۣͷǡ
⼸˿ɱһڶûеߣǲһͿԣûһϣڴ⾯䣬һ˽
Ȼƺֻ˳һûϢ
ȴҲһֱû˿ų
ʣµ˻࿴˿һڣȴҲûдڳ
ףվݶһж۵ס˵ϢʧʱĺԽŨԼҲӵſڡ
ֻףԼСӿԼǻЩ鷳ôţףȡһߣϣ·һ
ȷԼûκܹ¶ݵףŹƿš
ڣ½ͿޱĿſڣֽһ˲ȣֻڿףϵߵʱ򣬱һ˿
ôɱһӻҪͷβģ
ףǹһ˿Ц⣬ȴûֱӶ֣Χ½ͿתȦڴһľһ㡣½Ϳ󱳵ĺë׷𣬵ȴֻҧսȭһҶ
Ȼɻʡ
һڽгԼʣ½Ϳɫһ䣬漴ʶʲôһʲôʣں˵ʲô
ףȻᱻ񣬶ԼжϺΣڵǰ£ԼԼһ裬ֻϧǲѾˣףֻ̾Ϣķ£½ͿɾվڴǰףЦЦ½Ϳ˰֣
½ͿվǸӣȻҪȱǿĬĬ˹
ղġף൱ɴ˵
½Ϳ˲վĿ൱Ŀ
ף䲢⣬ֻǿ½ͿһۣɻڳڣӦǺܲȶģȻμŴѡĹġ
½Ϳò׼ǰҪʲôֻǿ˵
ףԼһģ״ܵܵʵ𣿡
½Ϳ˫˲󣬵漴뵽ոҪɱǼˣǲΣ㵽Ҫʲô
ףתת豭Цûʲôոͽܡ
½Ϳ˻ô򵥣ȴûа취ܾܹΪŵӣѾķȫҪһŮӵİǡǲᡭ
һֻ֪˵ħ޷ɻ֮ʬҰΪĵˡ
ףЦеĲ
ŶԣǸˣǷһСŮ츳ڶҲһģƹͻƽˡ
Լڶǡ
½ͿĿ΢΢˸ףĬ˼룬ףĿҪľʱڿʵҪЩʲô
ףЦеĵ˵°ͣҲûʲôֻǶɻЩ棬ֻҪúҿɻʲôӾС
½ͿĲţףȻȥЦȴѾеɱʼˡ
˺ΣգԼɻʿɣɱ½ͿĬĬĵͷĿڣʦ
ףӦһϰĲ豭£תҪ뿪
ߵſڵʱȴͻȻ뵽һ£ͣ˽ŲףתͷĿ½ͿתһȦ
ò˵ȻͨͨȴȷòȻߣȴڳһ뵽ԼС߶½ͿֵֹĹעףɱһ˲ܿ㱻ѹȥ
ֻ뿪ʱǺĺ½Ϳһ䡣
ǵãԶһ㡣
ȻǿƲסСɱ㣬ǾͲˡ


 22 

ɲ֪Ƕħͽˡһ˯ѣԼԺӣ˻Щ£㶼֪Լʲôʱġ
͵͵ȥһȦ֪γɹȥ·壬Ҳ֮󣬱
ȻûбҲͿ԰ĵȥˣȵ罣ľʱȥɡ
ôţȻ¶Ժ֮ǰһʱ껹Ϊʲôö֮ŷ֣ⶫԭҩƿȫǺ
һƷҪȽϺõ£껹Ǻܸӵĳȥ
Ҳ̫ѳˡ
ҩЧǲģԸоڵԽȶڵѾǸһ㶼СˣҲΪĲףŸܸоؼҵļѡ
ҪȵɽڣҪɽڡһɽڵˣǰǧ꣬м٣ǽһȥ
뵽⣬̾˿
ʦôˣǰͻȻһϤӰ
̧ͷףػĿ⣬Цҡҡͷû£ֻЩˡ
ûҲ֪λףʦֵôģĵӣȴɹİסҾסԱߡöȥԹֻǷЧ߶ûܰ˸ϻȥ
굹ǶףӡܺãΪһҲΪףİȫСס˰£ҲûκһĶżʦֵͬʱȴ൱ųףһ
Ҳ˼ʦԽĲ
ԼҵʦãȻʼǣȥɽĳС
õƢģͲף˸˻ȥ
һ֡ںСĸо
һԵףֿʼҲֻεЦЦϵܣԽĺˡӴľˣȷĸоڵ֮ǰɱǸꡣ
ȴֵǣôӦʶȫһġ
ʧ䣿ʧ֮˶ôɰȥЩһĶʧ䡣
ɽΪ֮ǰħ֮˳ֵԭʱˣҲֻֻϾĹŴˣɽϴһ»ܴסڶˣʵЩˡ
ʶɽ·ôţĿһףϡ
ȵͼףддʱ򣬲ŷԼʦþȻǸСɽˣ
Ȼ͵ɽȻһɽÿÿ¶һɽᣬϱûãõ˳ɽŵƾ֤
ԭ֮ǰҲ¹ɽǶΪ·Σ˵һɽ硣
ȻֻдΧĹ£еȴʵģŵɽ²ԶһСӣҲûȥ̫ԶֻǸףϹ˹䡣
ϲ󣬿ΪŵԵʣкܶеڴϢźܽŵıӻҲû˻¡
ףϵڷΣҵ̶ǵӣʲôҲá
û뵽ôƽпֻһ뵽ӣڼħʧЩ̾Ϣ
ףЦӦһȴڰԼţڴȥħжĿ˦㡣
ȻǡĿն֣ͻὫС߸ȥֲ˺СߡôţףֻܰѴ˼˻ȥ
û£һ졭һħúõȦġ


 23 


СӲףתһȦĳ˶ٷȻѾڣԶҲ껹ûס˳ŴʳһЩֵֹСš
滹Ǻ«
ףĿЩСһɨѹԼҪħֱȫٵĳ嶯ЦʵЩ͸λʦֵ𣿡
ͷȴͻȻ뵽ʲôһӶסˡ
ȵȡ
˲عĬĬҡҡͷЩҵģ
ף俴Ǻ«ЩŵüǺ«Ҳǣ
ϵ˵ͷһҧȥһɽ髹ĸоӿȫӲİɽ髹ȥ
㿴ܺóԵġ
ף˵ͷҲû˵ԼŻǲšȵףҲ뿪һһһӵĶЩ
⻹ִʱɵϰߡΪ˶æÿγȥԼҲϰڳȥʱ򣬿ĶؼҸĸи硣
ǡڿɲЩʦ֡
̾˿һЩС⣬㽫ϣȥҸط
ȵ˯֮ſڵĽȴͻȻֻ˷Ӧܿ죬ǽûܴ긽ͱһѸɢˡ
ף˽ŲڵϣһûС
ڣƺоʲô΢΢üۿſҪѹףüһ㣬ողһ۾ºˡ
ף俴ϵСһۣߴһ˿Ц
Ȼ֪СΪʲôϣЩǸЩνʦģܵС͵
ûյأ
ûţףֱһ䣬ϵĶͶ˷۳
û˰۵Ķףıúÿ࣬תͷһ꣬Ŀⲻϡ
˵мû
˼룬ףСһָģ·ëһ㣬ϡ
ףܿƵĺˣӲһ·쵽˶ȥͺǱһ㡣Ȼȴûջ֣ԥ˲Ӻ󣬹ϵġ
ա


ף俴½ͿĪĸоԼֵʦƺܺáƽ½ͿǻʯֱӷɹǴ˿ϣֱӴߴüγʦȴֻкܵһ䣺
ֻ½Ϳ˵ĺģҲôһˡֻҪġܹԼͻȻֱˡ
ףһСߵĴУڰԼͽϡ
˵ʵͽܵ츳ʵܾȡҲΪɻʵ⣬ɻʵ˳Ļʮ꣬ټɻʱһ˵ԻӰ죬Ҳûʵˣѡ֮·
ֻף̸½Ϳģǵķ
ɻ˵ףҲʲôɵʣֱܹ꣬ͺа񡣶ף̸½Ϳģʵħһܹ½Ϳʶ
ף俴ֻҪ½ͿʶʣȫԿסԼʡ
ңɻôõĶֻҪúˣǾǿȫûбҪΪ˵۹οɻʻɱˣѵ޾ͲɱˣֻɱĶɱٵĲͬ
ʵҪǣĺܺ棬ɻһֱܹһҪ½Ϳôɻʣӿˡ
֮½Ϳ˷񣬾ûֹܹЩ¹ħʲôأ´һ˶أʱͻʰ̯ˡ
ˡףǰ½ͿķѾѧˣֻ֮ҪͿˡ
½Ϳ̧ͷףӰ¹ҫ£΢΢Щãͷ·һΡ
֮ӦòˣŬȥɣ𹼸ΪʦѪ
صǣҪΪʦúõĿһϷ


 24 

ѹʱ򣬻Щңڴ϶컨巢˰΢΢ع
һĪΡ
ףʦƺҪȻ˵˵ţСʦȴ棬ͻȻһߣϸĿɭĿ걻ŵöҶȻͿߡεߣһֱ
ֻģȴֲЦΨֱǰľһȥ
ֻôôֵΣСʦôõһˣԼȻ˶ߡ
εĲС
Ȼ𴲣ȴԼϵĶˣµĽƶбļãȻĿſյ棬ɻ
Ѳɡܽˣ
ΪʲôҪЩС⣬ѲҲϲģ
Ѱ˰죬ȴҲû˵ĶֻЩɻĳšһԵ罣Լãı飬֪ٴڻԼǲ˯ӣΪʲôҪôһɵ˰ˡ
Ȼ罣ת뵽ħǹŹֵľٶĪȻˡ
ӻ˵ֲֻһǸħҲôʹˡ
һħҹĴ˵ȻֻΪ˻ٵһѷ˵С⣬ò׶˶֣Ȼֻǡֻǡֱħ
ʲôħǸɻǸûӵĲɻ
罣
ϧҲȥλϾȻ֪ħΪʲôƢôãħ类ѪϴʱҲŵġ
ôλħҲ̫˰ɡ
罣Ǹӵ㶼û֣罣ǲϿڣֻһ˳šȻţЩײһϣŵȷԼûд˵½ǣһ
̧ͷǰ㱻ײľȻ硣
üͷ΢΢ĿɵɨһȦʦ
ƺЩ԰
ãȻĿԼҲû˵ȥת˵Լ⡣
ʦ£еȥһˡ
ɵĵ˵ͷȴһ䣺ˡ
ǽ֮󣬱һֱĬĬţȻķΪѣһֱûʲôչһֱºڷһؾ
ʲôؾֻһʿµĶˣ˵㲻ʲôȻѰˣôҲ̫˷ˣڱ飬ҪЩŵĵȥʶһ¡
ֺ£϶ֲŵӵģΪߣټµӡŶûĸӣؾûȤһŵӵͷϡ
ǹ⻷̾š
ֻҪ߸ȻͿԼȥˡ
г˴Ȼ߿˵ʦҲʾһڵĶûʲôȤ
Ҳű̬ʱȴͻȻڵȻˣǱСʦȥɣСʦøոյڣҲȥ档
ȵȡ
Ҳŵ˵ͷ԰ʦ㿴ڲŵڣ̫ˣȥˡ
˭
һֱûнӴĴʦ֣صȻҲŵͷӦһš
ŸʦŴʲô֣
ɰû뵽»յԼϣ˶һ£漴ŷӦҲȥ
ŵü̫ͬĿ꣺ΪΣ
ΪҪȥˣǻʲô£ˣԵҪǶûˡʱ˭ħ磿Լ֪ǳûǹ⻷Ҳڶ̶̼֮ڳΪɽڣܳΪʲô
ȻĿⶢţȴôҲ벻ڡ
ܲ˵ħҪˣʱµľڻǸڶǵСƨҪڵĶĻɣ
߻Ϊˡ
ԥ˰Σֻܴѡһеİ취
ͽͽԴһһȥ𣿡
껰䣬þһߣҲúܳϵЦ΢΢һ٣ȻЦҲ΢һ˿ˬ
һԵĳصȻĿԼʦ룬Ż˻ȥ
ҲЩƣʵǸף䣿
ǡǡһŵӡСĿڡ
Ǹף䣬߱źÿЩüʵǸ½Ϳ
һ£漴ȻǸˮлط֮ĹܣѲ½Ϳָ㣬Ϊ߶˺ģ
в˲£ȴҲûɵĵ˵ͷţǡ
ȻЩ棬ԼСͽôͻȻһŵôã˭ǸףҪá
Ǹף䡭Ȼûʲô⣬ܸоôһ˿ΥͣкܵΣյĸоϾʲôƫƫԼСͽɵ˰ģҲ֪ôˣųʦ㣬ֻףߵĺܽ
Сͽڿˣ˸˲ţ߱ʾο
ԣȻȥģҪ˵İȫ߿һۣ
ǸףԶһ㣬㿴дѵĺأ
û뵽⣬ȻҪ֤ǵİȫ
ʵ˵ʵ˵εĶЩΣգǡǹ⻷ҫ£ʲôΣգЩȥֶûеڻҸΣհɡ
ǲЩڻҿɲһ
ôţԺ֮󣬵һ¾Ҫȥ罣һʱ罣ȥؼʱ̣罣Ƣˡһ罣ֱ֤ԼԲͳȥȻ罣ԼĸԸߣǾͲһˡ
ȥҲڣû׼罣ǵǱ͸ء
ԭﲻôдô
Ŷ԰ؾΣȥŵӵԺ䡣״ӺŵӣŵӵʵãһסԺ䣬ûʲô˿ռ䡣
ȻŵҲҪĹ鵤ҪԼȥ׬ȡſԶһ
ŵȻѣɳ̶ȴͬЩ׬ȡһǺܶġܶŵȻ츳㣬ȴС£ȻҲҵǡ
Щ۵ٵ񣬾ȻȻЩûʲôϡ
굽ʱԺﰲûһˣһһȦ֪ʱŵҪȥ񣬶ԭ䵽ģȥɽչƬҩ
Ǻɽֹһںɽ䱸ɭϣҲħٳ֡
һ·˳ָķ굽˺ɽҩɽķΧܴ֮ǰĶϱǺƫƧһ䣬ҩȴҲࡣ
ֻһҩϣﲻͣߴ꣬һҵ½Ϳ
²½ͿҪ࣬ԭüĿѾˣĿҲãһ˿ᶨ
ʦָ㻹ͦġ
ĪԺ½ͿĿԽͣǿԼδСʦܡ˵иСʦʵҲͦõġ
½Ϳվ˲ͷĺĿ⣬ĪЩͻȻҩҲ˵Ͷ˰ΣĪЦ
òᡭЩ۸ģ
½ͿĿⰵ˰ѹסԼĵ׵ıŰ
걻һӻдѣãȻĿ˿ܣֻԼͻȻࡣòˣ֮ӦǲĲŶԡ
ãȻҲԼ˵ĿģĿ½Ϳϣ׼׼ȷȷĿڽе½ʦܣ
ͷס⣬йĵǣ֪ʦʦк£
գգۣ򵥵˵˵˵ҪһȥǸ½Ϳͫ΢΢ɴȻŵӵϢͨǸʵֵ÷зŵжѾˡ
ֺֻ£һֵֻŵӣŵҲֻﰵĽˡ
Ȼʦ˵Ҫһȥ
½ͿһӦʵǸ壬ЩΪ˿ƭġǡ֪Ǹ壬ҲǾܾض˵֪ô
뵽⣬½Ϳֻװϲı飬꣺桢𣡶лʦ㣡лʦ㣡
꿴½Ϳеϲ⣬ĪĻ뵽ĳλܶۡ
ϲŭɫ,öڱ;,졣
ܸߵˣȻλܿ˵۹ǲģҲ˵
½ͿڵϲװģƾʲôȥѲɻܺɣίίû취ʣֻܱ˱죬ת뿪½ͿͻȻڣ֪ʦǣ
Ȼһʼ˵ߵСͽܣ½Ϳڵݣ˽ⲻôߵλˣǲ֪ǰλʦ㾿˭
ԣֻԭڻûڸУĹĵĻͷ½Ϳһۣ꣡
˵ֱ꣬뿪ҩ
ꡭö֣½ͿãȻһ˲תƺ뵽ʲô
ȵȡꣿ
лҪ˵ϲŭɫ,öڱ;,졣
䲻ԭǳ־ãȻ

 25 


һȥѡĺܿ죬ոսź״ĵӣ϶ټָոͻƵģбЩӵģǰǰȻиʮˡ
ΪȥЩʱ㳡Ѿվʮˣֻ㳡ϵķΧȴ̫ãֻʮΪվţһֻˡ
ǡǣ귭ۣôӣǾֱ۸ˡ
ǿѾˣҪվ
һ²ۣҲӿٶȣֱ½Ϳǰ½Ϳߵһˣǵʱɽ·ϰķΡ
²εı仯Ҫ½ͿĶ࣬ϵҲҪ½ͿһЩֻ۵׶½Ϳȴû䡣
ӡҲЦЦҲΪעڷϣûע⵽½Ϳ֮һ˲佩Ӳı飬ͲԾĺ˰벽Ķ
αʱ򣬱䣬Ϊദû뵽ת۾ͶЦЦϵıһ٣漴ҲЩ˼ĶЦһ¡
δŮڻǸС
ջĿ⣬ʣµǼ˵ʱ򣬱ĿڼɨǰͷǸŮϡ
ǵãԼոմԽʱ򣬵Ǹ
ôѵ˵Ĳ𣡡˼ĿĿԼһ˿飬һŵˣ˷ѣ
ƳһۣǸĴʦֵַġ
ֻʦֶûʲô뷨㽫¸˻ǣ˲ҲΪˣ˵ҪһˣʦŶҪȥҲ˵ʲô
˱Ĳ˵ջĿ⡣ֻת֮ȴһ˿ı顣һĿԼͷ˼ЦЦ
ĻˣղֻţǳڵĻ˵ʲôѡ
Ȼʦֻеôġ
һûȶãʣµ˾ͶˡδӵľȻǻǺͳصȻ꿴ǵĵһӦѸٵ˵˶棬Զʦֵλá
ȻվȣǱ߳صȻĿ˹Ȼûп˵ڵǰ
Ų˵ݣװӣ޹ĸصȻ˼롣
صȻ΢ɲüû˵ֻĿ˻ȥ
һԵĻҲ̲ס˹ȴÿգգۣһɵı鿴Լϵı·˵㿴ҿɹˡ
еԡ̲סȥһͷë
˶룬Ǳȡһֻڣڿڱһ
ʶȥȴʲôûȻٿȥʱ򣬻ȴѾѿڷĿڿѰһȦ
ǡڵʲô
ãȻ̧ͷȴֻ
ܲڿɣ
Ҳûȶãоʹһ㰵̧ͷȥֻһƬƽڵסˡȵȡԣĿ΢΢ӰĿУԽԽ󡭡˹㳡ϡ
һֻ޴ޣëǴڵģȥһӲº󣬴ķúüΪˣɵ˺ü
Ǻ졣ᣬҲͷ๲˲仨ǵ֡ȥڡ
˻࿴˿̫ҿ񣬱ϾϵҪд󲿷˶Ҫߡ˼ӣһԵķȶˡȻأСţ񿴼Ҳֻ΢΢ȳ򣬱ͷ
ȵߵǾıϣʶ񾿾ж󡣵ıһС㳡ˣ
˵һˣʣµҲ˵ףȵ˶˾ſ½Ϳ߰ɡ
Ȼ½ͿķӦǡʶĺһ
ɻĿԴðһССʺš
½Ϳ˿ֿ˿꣬ͷá
һֱڣţҪȥΪƭ½ͿһǶرˣǸҵ۹˶ᱨжҲһᱨԷ
Ȼ꣬ʦˡ
½ͿЩΪѣͷҲ̤˾ĺ󱳡
һϵȴûио٣ȺҵطΪŵУߵһȻΧһȺˡ
Կ½Ϳڿȥ֮һѹ
ֻѹû۵ףǱߵķѾܾһȦ˵룬˹꣺ʦ㣬ҿ𣿡
൱ӭĵ˵ͷȻԣ
ҷǳµÿ½ͿԱߵλá
˵λꡪΡ½Ϳ
Ҳܾöûˣ½ͿŷΣ̲סЩԱȻζ̬ȣ½Ϳ˵˿ʼĵ˵⼸·¡
һԵЦеĿͺĸףԼɵڿҪȢϱĸо
С޲ʵ̫ˡ
иߵǰסߣԼܿһĻֻϧģͱһ˵ǰ˳˫Ͽ꾪ȵķ֣ǰ˾Ȼף䡣
ССʦ֣ãȻĵôˡ
ûע⵽ոǹ㳡ôˣҲûһһȥףʲôʱֵĲ֪
ף鱾̫ˣСʦ֣һӦȴ˱飬ȵӦϵıҲѾסˣֻܷߣˬıǼ⣺ʦֿһ۾Ϳˡ
Ӧ˵ֻꡣ
ףʵǵһģȻҲ½ͿǼ֮ĳͻֻͽܲûʲôرĸ飬ֻΪ˿ϷȻðűֵΣȥ½Ϳ
ں棬½Ϳڱô۸֮󣬾᲻ѹסƢЩ˶ɱˡ
ֻĺģڿά½Ϳ֮󣬾ͱǻ
СߣӦֻһ˲ŶԣǸ½ͿԼѾˣȻô
ףȫ벻ͨΪʲô½Ϳô⣬ǴȥάȵЦĿ½ͿһҸı֮ףѹ̲ˡ
ʲôᱩ¶ݣʲô͵˼ķΧڡף䱾ֱӾͰջħֱӹֻԼһ˿ȻǻıŰڿǾϲı飬һСʦ֮󣬾ͳ׵ɢˡ
ֻջȥԣҪһµģ


 26 


˾İ˲ʱ͵˶ڡڴһƬɭصȻҲżȻ·ɭһ󷨣󷨼󣬱Ὣڵ͵Ƕ֮С
ΪֻǽڵĴܵĶҲû̫裬ȵ˶£صȻ㼤󷨡
Ŀϣ΢һ˿档
ĿȥһɸոųصȻעʱǸʯ֮
֧֣ԭ󷨿ʼ⣬ܿ㽫˶УȻۿ󷨾Ҫ͵һ̣صȻȴͻȻ̧ͷĿյһ㡣
ôˣʵ
صȻ΢΢üڿ
һ㶣Ȼĸ֪Уȴûио˵ĴڣζǸ˵ΪҪߡصȻΪȴԼҪߡڣ
ΪʲôڵĴܻͻȻɭ֣
ͣ𣿡ʵΪߵıǳصȻǳصȻڣǱܽ˶ס
صȻҡҡͷĿϡ֮ǰǴʱ󷨻ûƣҲ֪Ǳһ֮޸ֻǡѾͱһֱֵ󷨽
СصȻͻȻڣԭͣ齣ʣڳصȻǰ硣
صȻ齣˵齣θǵУصȻ齣һͷһ˲ӽɢ󷨶С
еĳҲѾս˱¶ѵ˿ʱ֪ԷǵѣһЩ
ʣµУӦȴꡣǳУû׼ˣ˵ֵһ㣬ûȥѾʼΣˡ
һԵףȻھ裬ʵѾˡ
û뵽һ
صȻֻܸеڿףʵѾ˾˭ˡ
˵ףħʵħҲǶģףҲһˣЩģײϣǶֱӿԾ󻼣ûҲûʱȥѰ
ЩУǱȽġ
һ˵һ磬ϲȥƭЩ˹ףΪħʵҪЧңףʵϲ˵ϰߣֱӾܾˣŻȥǼ˱ضɱ
ڶһֻޣ˵ʵҲûʲôرģ˱ȽϿżȻףԭò֮˵һ䲻˵Ļףŭ֮±ɱֻ޵˵ûʲôɱĶףҵҲ鷳Ҳϵڡ
ˡȴһࡣ
Ӧ˵˱һʿȴѡ׹ħ
Ϊ׹ħѾû֪ˣף˵ЩҲν˲˳۵ԭ򡭡ΪΪŮӡףƢȻֱһưȥ
ףȷԼʱûֻ֣û뵽˲֪ʲô취ȻûֻȻûϵȴô׺õġףĿϻԼµħһһԭ
ֲôǱ
ףҪҪȥɱһΣֻߣһԼˣСֳǸ½ͿЦûô죡
˼ȥףʱٶһˡ
뵽⣬ףջߣٶעǸˡ
˲ľãֻΧԽŨۿѾҲ˾衣
˲ûпɡ
ôţ󷨿ʼͣϵЦ⻹ûſصȻͻȻһá
һ̧ͷͿһӰ֮УΧµĽ羹ȻһûеסˡֻѾʼͣǳصȻҲûа취ֻĿҲһʧ֮С
ϵĹɢˣ֮еȫʧԭЩľʼĿήˡ

ֻǰĹԽԽƺĪһ£֮ɢ˿ǰƺһƬɭ֣ľȴҪȸոյҪߴࡣ
ǡãȻʵ
Ȼȴû˵
һæعͷŷȻһվɭ֮Уһ˶ûС֮ǰʦ˵󷨻˶͵һطȴ

굹û̫ȣڣ󷨳̫ˡû׼ΪȥѰһ±Щ˰ְţԲŻôϡ
һˣ϶ҪѰ֮ˡԼڻҡ껷һܣһεĽ䣬ݷ˳ϵ˽ȥ
ڻңʱͲҪȥ֣ȵʱ䵽ˣԶͳȥͺˡ
ʣµʱ䣬ͺúõġĵɡ
һߵף䣬󷨷˲䣬ʶ˲ԡֻΪ󷨻ͣ´ͣȴû뵽ֱӰһλá
ˣؼǡС߻ôԶ
ûףܸܵķλģϾСߣ߶Ҫһġ
ף俴һܣ͵λѾɭ֣һ޴ĺߡǺģһȻţôԶܸܵϵ
鼶ϵ
˿϶һȥȻףֻǺܵĿǻһۣתҪߡǻƺû뵽Լջ£Ȼ˺ԥҪ뿪ס˼룬ܵԽŨ
ʬħףͣ½Ųڵܵͣȴ䣬ħеһֻǣϰʳΪ֣ԽµеʬԽࡣ
˵ĿдףĿǻϣ·ڳ޷ܵ΢΢³˳
εεġ
ףȴۻ߰ϧı鶼ûУֻĮĿǻ˶Ҫ¶Եʱȴﴫ˵
ߣ
ףԭıһ䣬Ǹʵı顣
ֺ˺ܿ߳ף֮󣬱΢΢һ䣬ƺһɵȻ漴˱ϳף䣬ϵı¶һ˿м
ڿ
ôҵˡףʦ֡ҲŴ߳ף֮󣬱ò̫ÿ
ף΢΢ЦЦλʦܡ
ûȻףΪߣΪʦ硪˵ˣʦ磬ıֻͦߵġ
㿴ǡȳڿף֮󣬱ûȥҺܿںҵԼĿ⡣һ˸ղźԶ͸оɻϵýܸоɻ̺֮ľ޴
ɻǿԳȥΪһ㡣
ֻɻֻһԭǴ㽫ɻƽֵģȴףһ˻࿴˿һǰһЦףʦҲǶɻȤ𣿡
ף俴ˣĳЦһȴֻǵҡҡͷ
˺ܿҪˣҲ̫ݣϷҲǺ۵ġΪ˷ֹԼԺ𣬸ҪģɻŨ񣬰˵Ӧ໤ȴֻɻڴˣܸоܻЩŹ֡
ףĻĲмԽŨǺɻǱףȻﵣȥֲõҲڡ
ôһ룬˶ףԽĲ̫ò
ȻҲͲΪʦˡֻɻȻʦ⣬Ƕ˵ˡ
ף΢΢һЦȻ
Լǹףʲô¡
ôţף൱ɴתߡ
뿪ʣµ˷˿һۣٿǺɻ۶ϲҲ˲õȣԴӺԾǺɻ֮У˴֮仹Щ裬ΨֶԷֽԼ䡣
Ȼ
ԭĺɻµڿ֮ȴ˲ʬǺɻҲһªޱȵħ˺޷ײȥֱӾͱħ֦ץסضûУͱֱȥ
оʧףĽŲͣûͣɼᶨҷٵķȥ
û׼СҲʲôΣգȥء


 27 


صȻ֮󣬱㷢󷨴ͳ⣬ֻǸڶҲᵣġǸˣһˣôһΣյڶ˵δ̫Σա
ҪȽǸ˽
ôţصȻһܵ
ǵԶصȻܿѰ˻ǣ֮ȴʼûܸоǸ˵λãܿ죬ܵһֵڷٵһȥ
صȻۣҵˡ
Ǳ£ȥѰʧĵӣصȻǸǸ˵ķȥˡ
˵ٶȺܿ죬ԪӤڵΪصȻԽȷ˾ԾǶǸˣӦϵ򲻻ôϵ֪Ҫȥķ
뵽⣬صȻּӿЩٶȡ
ݵУĪܾȥġƽʱֻҪһľͻᰲȴڻţͺʲôҪһ㡣
ôţ˳ȥҪȥһ͸о͵һ
Դ֮󣬱ֱģõʱֱӾͿóҲĵĲôעĿ֮󣬻ԽСҶ֮С
ǵôͻȻôΣ
ţҪҪȥһȻ漴оһϡ
ǹƺֻ˵һķȴӦ飬סڶ¡
ϵݣݶѾ֣ٷųȥҲֻǰİӡǰľɫһ䣬صɭ֮Уһ۾ͿƮڰյˡ
˿һʿķΣ仹齣ȻĿ䣬ʱûиܵɱ
Ȼڿ֮ȴĪĸоһĺ
ͺԼǰˣǻ࣬һȥʬһ㡣˵۾͵רעĶ꣬ɭз磬ȴһ˿ңϵķɫҲЩࡣ
ԼǼ
꾯ĿǸˣе罣ȶѾסǸҶֱ֣תܡ
Ȼ˿ãȻſڣ˵˻ħʲôˣ
˻ƣ·üûĹ٣ܸоһЩͻὫϡ
㶣ĿˣʲôħҲʶ
ħӦǾڲŻֵôܻʶħ
ȵȣҲԡ
ͻȻ뵽һܣ֮ǰһֱɻΪʲôЩħ˻ĪҪɱһŮӣһߵ۵¡Ͼʧ֣׾ͻᱻץס
ǡħأħҪɱԭЩħһԥΪһ¡
˵ЩɱԭˣħµԭôħˣѲɣԭЩħϲˣ
ԶԽԽѾ뵽ħΪãίȫԶ硭
ħζҺ˵Ļע˻
ħζʶţ漴ʶԼôжɵֻǡħζǸʲôħͷˮĿ
Ŀ꣬Ҳڰֹ
˸òǸɵİɡ
˫ҲΣ֮ǰСĵħȻʱ˷٣ϵħȴʼôһֱŬĵֿħҪɹˣǰһʱ䣬С˳˵ȦףԭҪɢȥħһ¾ۼ
ħֻħܹħƢֻҪħǰ֣ħһƾͻһ仰
˫ҲѾˣ·ɭ֣ȴƫƫɭиоħϢ
ҲҲ˫Ҫһԡű뷨˹ȴԼܵħϢǴһСϷġ
С˫п˿ҲûħüĿ֮
Ӧòħ˽Ӱɡ
Զͦ
˫в˵ĲʶħϵϢħӴпֵܳġԡװɡ
ɵĿ˫Уʵʲôף
ħ飬ֻҪħұΪꡣ
˫ʵ˸ۣ˵ʱգ۱ȥû׼Сոؾˡ
˳ǣħ飬ħ飬ȵܱ֮ܲ
һĿԼ˫ĵҲе㷢顣Ҫ֪ѾħˣСħߵˣԼٵǾԻᱻħ׷ſġ
ôһ룬˫бӿ£ûж⣬ֻǡʵĽħħЩᣬֻҪ飬ħٸһλͺá
ֻоǰ²ɵİɣԼˣڸħ
ħôܻġ
ħˡţħ˵ĻֻĲȫ
ĺĽЩᣬ㡭ٸһλᡣ
ףԭΪҵ꣬ոշı飬ˡޱת֣ǰˣϵ΢΢˺ϱֵľȻ¡
ܺãܺã˸ˡ


 28 

Ȼµŵˡ
ãȻĿȥͿףؿ˫УٿıҲ˿ߣ˷·𿴵Լϱֳ
ʲôʲô
̲סĿƮһ¡
ף俴ı飬ԽߡԼСߵıȻˣʲôӦֱ׳ĸ˵ûϵ
ףߵĿ⣬˶ЩãȻ
ʲô
˫ȴϳף䡣
Ȼףڵģԭӣϵħûб䡣ףֵһ˲䣬˫ϵħͿʼˡ
ֻǡħȻӣǲ뱩¶Լݡ
Լ˫Ѿ쿴Լĩˡ
ǱħıҲѾԽԽ䣬ǿҪŭıԵ
Сʦֿܣ˲ڵĵӣֻãȻһᣬܿͷӦæܵףߡ
ףֻüһһΣˡ
˫վԭأ룬ҲˡȻ෴ķȻ֪ʲôԼǱˡ
˲һᣬͷ˲û׷ˡԥͣףһۣεҲǵù
һΣħײףȥҩ
ڶΣֵֹһαףײˡ
ףȴһղģһ˿Ц⣬ʵôˣ
꿴һۣȴû˵͵ղҲʶر֣ħԵܣ˵Ҫħٸһλʲôġ
ףһ㶣һˣȻ
ûСߣС߻Լġ
ף㣬˫еɱⶼࡣټΪͻȻ룬󷨳⣬ڲл굥һ
ôһ롭ףҲȫûȤɱˡ
һߵ˫УͻȻоԼħħʼɢԭѹƵȻʼָڵħҲٱѹơ
ǡħŹˣ
ķŹˣ
ΪǸС˵ļ仰
˫𾪵ĿԼָֻ֤һвΡ
ԡĵþˡ
ȻҪǸСꡣ
뵽⣬˫б˱䣬Ҫڡתһ룬ȻħΪСһ仰ĹһԼΪСǵħ˵Ļ
ꡣ
ôһ룬˫бתͷ֮ǰܵķȥ
һߣڳصȻĸ֪Ǹֵͣûãȴʧĸ֪صȻüѰһȦȴûѰ˵ټҵԼСʦõ
СʦãصȻʵûʲô뷨˵Ŀһܵ˻֮⣬Ҳֻʦʦǣһġ
꣬Ϊ֮ǰϲԳصȻһӵ״̬
ڻƺֺϲ꣬صȻ㲻Ůӵ뷨껹Ƕչ˼ֻ֡Щչ˶ǿڻǡšȵȣߵǸǲ֮ǰʦ˵ģǸҪСʦõļһ
صȻüͷĸˣԥתףǰϵԥף϶
ʦֻ֣оǰһӰһץ齣ͿǰصȻޱĿ
ͺǼҳץСӡ
ӣ漴뵽ʲô˺üȷصȻ֮ľ벢ֿܣʦأ
صȻĿ⵭Ŀһۣ:ȥѰˡ
һ˵ţһǱ߿Щ
һһæɫðɣΪɫ൱Ե
ǿȥһʦɡ
ף΢΢üԳصȻϵĵķӦûˣֻСʲôġ
ڳصȻȻܲãܿˣڲ⣬ֻԼʦֵɫƺˣΪصȻһûʲô飬ֻóصȻڹԼ̫Զ
Բ𡭡ʦ֣Ͼͻȥ
һ˵ţһ߽ף䣬ȫûע⵽ԼԽߣصȻıԽġޱ顣
ȵߵףߣִף͸оԼһᣬ㱻صȻ˰Уף䣬һ˹վڵϡ
ʦ֣
ŵöİˡ
صȻһĶһ䣬Լϡ
ֱӴתǵķ˹ȥ
ף΢΢ۣ뵽ʲôϵı
صȻڿе꣬˶סˣֱֱţҲûдصȻôһ·Ӳŵ˵طȵ˵طûȳصȻȣֱԶ
ܣΧûڣ˿
ȵ˹ͿɵصȻԶĵط
Լδ򡭡Ȼȥޱ飬ĸоصȻĺǾɥί
ͺԼС˵ļҳһ㡣
ǡôˣ
лҪ˵Ҿͦġġ

Ԥղ~
ʦͻȻϷ
ϴԽˣһΪһûӵŮ䡣
źúõĵͽܲҪ޸һˣ󷴶ǸʧȥɸһĨҡ
󲻹ɽһЦ
ϴԽʱ䣬þԭԼʦҪ¼޸˵ʱ
ϣʲôޣˣ
Ȼ
ɹ㿪ûõĵϷ֣ԭֵָֻʦϷݺеࡣ
С糡
ȥؾǰ
ϣʦֻǸͨؾͽһ˾ͿԵġ
ĳˣΪʦֻȥ羰
ϣǡǺðɡ
ؾ˿ɽǹ֣ʦȻϲַ羰
һֻСħ
ϣʦʦֻɰ
ĳˣߡ
ҹĳ˱ԭͣõһȦ֮󣬵ڶװĽϡ
ĳˣ˭ɰ
ϣãȻá
ĳˣ㡣

 29 


ǸصȻСʶ, ˶óصȻĮ鰮ȴ֪صȻһֻصȻıһ, Ժٻᱻ˷֡
ǡΪദ, Ϭ, ܴӳصȻı￴Щ΢Ĳ졣
ͱ硭ȻڵĳصȻʵѾίĲˡ
ϴλǼصȻôί, ΪǺ«ʦüҵĺߵʱء
ôˣʵ
صȻޱĿ, ίˡĿķһ䣬ȻǸףָߣ겻˼ûУףķ˿
Ȼ, ͳ˵û, ף䡭Ҫʦá
뵽, صȻۣҪǮƵף϶
ףоصȻŭȴĲС
С߱, Щʦֱô, Сġ
õħ, ͡
͸ʲôף̧ͷĿһ򿴹ȥûܴǸǿġһûˣȥı͸Сˡ
ףõܺ߸裬صȻߵѹȴԽԽͣǶܲ˵ķ׷Զ룬ֻףһĵĻ, ûע⵽ԼҴʦֿ䶳Ŀ⡣
Ȼ֪֮ǰʲôصȻӣһǲ֪ӡף䡪ı֣Ҳ³ˡ״ҲֻΣ˵֮ǰԼδΪ񣬵ԴϴЩ֮Ǳһˡ
ûвڵʦ֣һֱŲΪһֱǡڵ˶һʼĲţڵĵ糣ˡ
ֻǻЦˣ̾
ĶеʦֶǲٴɫǵҲʲôƫƫĪĶף࿴ûԶף䣬ף׽
Ϊ£ڵƢԽԽϵЦⶼࡣ
ԼҹܳСʦãҪɽĵȥ
ĻѾȥˣȻԻǱȽءȵȣǵɴ۾ųصȻŽǰ߹
Ȼæȥ
һߣΪһִˣڹŴȻ˽ⲻ࣬ףȻ󲿷ʱ䶼ڳ˯ϾѾ˺ܾúܾˡ
þãȻܶ࣬Ȥĸ꽲˽ԽԽԣ˵񶼱סˣȫûע⵽ԼҴʦɱڵĳ
ף䵱Ȼע⵽ˣȻȥԼСߣȥעˡ
صȻ̣ûǽףԴϣߡ
˵ţǰӹķֱӺףһҶ
ף䣺
ܺãҼסˡ

صȻȥķʣ¼ֵķ
ףߣƵĸŶǰû߼ͷЩ˵ķ֮ǰǱķ
òᡭԼСѡıҪ߰ɡ
ף۾΢΢𣬴һ˿ûоԼ̬ԡ
ԼûףȻľ϶ѾԼСߵˡ
ûע⵽ԼףٶϢΪ̫ϰʱһ򲻻ģҲȫûע⵽ףʲôʱ򲻼ġ
ף˶棬ǰˣһɵЦ⽥ʧͣڰУվţͺڵʲô
ûãһ΢ķ
˫пһǰıӰæڿаҶ࿴һۡ
ħĴʱͷܣ˵ʵȻ綼˵ħǱˣǡЩ͵˶֪ʤĲһ
ħжҲû֪
ŵףƶ˫УȥǱߵѰҡ
˫һͷ
˺һᣬŸоԼƺЩعͷףڶԶԶĸţͣһᡣ
㡭ǲˣ굣ǵʵ
Ϊ֪ףҲǸڻҵԭܸоΪҲߣչһ¡
ףԣ̧ȴÿĵǣգգۣԭҡͷĶһӾͱ˵ͷȻͷ֮ĵǸŨ
ҴɣȻں棬ܻΣա
ûǸֵֹ˿ɻڶء
ףһ罣ϣ罣Ѿˡһ˷ˣʲôõĵġֻЦһף䣬罣־ãλħҩˡ
ף䡭ֻͻȻһܺõĿСעķ
ΪʲôҪСע
ףɻһ¡
ȴƺ쳣عͷһۣôˣ𣿡
ף˲佫ɻ󶪵꣬ѹס۵׵ĶռЦӦû£лʦˡ
ҡҡͷ
ֻûȵתͷԭЦ൱˳ף䣬ǵЦ⽥ϵĿԽרע
ôõСߣעȻҪһֱԼϲŶԡ
лҪ˵ԣôĪV
ǻᷢ~
4ŻᲹ

Ԥղ~
ʦͻȻϷ
ϴԽˣһΪһûӵŮ䡣
źúõĵͽܲҪ޸һˣ󷴶ǸʧȥɸһĨҡ
󲻹ɽһЦ
ϴԽʱ䣬þԭԼʦҪ¼޸˵ʱ
ϣʲôޣˣ
Ȼ
ɹ㿪ûõĵϷ֣ԭֵָֻʦϷݺеࡣ
С糡
ȥؾǰ
ϣʦֻǸͨؾͽһ˾ͿԵġ
ĳˣΪʦֻȥ羰
ϣǡǺðɡ
ؾ˿ɽǹ֣ʦȻϲַ羰
һֻСħ
ϣʦʦֻɰ
ĳˣߡ
ҹĳ˱ԭͣõһȦ֮󣬵ڶװĽϡ
ĳˣ˭ɰ
ϣãȻá
ĳˣ㡣

 30 


һ, ½ͿҲ֪˵ǵùˡ
ֱӱͣ˶ġķܾǰǡǱֱӶ֮УǸҲֻüһ, ͱ󷨸ڸסˡ
, ˵ɢȥ, ǰȴѾ֮Уڷ
ξĿ, Сҳ, һȴǸûȥͨ˼ӡէһΪԼһʲôֵĵط
ǡݳǣһԵ½Ϳ㶣૵
ʶԴֵʵ
½ͿĬ˼, ŵ˵ͷ, ĿһԵСӹ, ˱һ¥¥ߵĽȴǴڵģƽ͵ո롣
ͺ񡭡Ѻʲôһ
εĿҲ̲ס˹ȥ, ֻû, һԵ½ͿѾתԼ뿪ˡ
G, һ㶣½ͿתͷֿǸһۣת첽׷½ͿֻȻĲУ½Ϳɫãλûʳڡ
ȵԶǺɫĽ½ͿıתЩ
ݳһų, ˵ںܾ֮ǰдڴ˶ɽ٣µʹݳǸǴ󿪣һֱڣݳڳӤҪ츳ҪõĶࡣ½Ϳ͵ֻݳǵشƫԶ֪˺١
ԡΪʲô½Ϳ֪أ
οۣתʵҪԶ
½Ϳûлشֻǰǰߣһֱߵſڵĵطͣ˽ŲķθͣĿǰȥȴĿľ졣
ֻԭӦǳŵĵطȴǳһƬ֮ƺڽЩ߽֮ûþֻתʲôûзһ㣬»ص˳ڡ
⡭ĿǰһĻô£
½ͿϵıȴܵԤϵһ侲ļݳǡʮǰһѣһҹ֮˿ճǡ֮ݳǸʧ٣˵ԼȥˣݳΧԽԽһǡ
ճǣǡ
λͷȥĳǳɰ֪͡ΪΣܸоǳذĻšͺ񡭡ȻѾţʵֻľżһ㣬ڡš
ﻹ½Ϳûȥǰֻǲ֪Ϊ֮гݳǡ
򴽣̲סʳڣ㡭Ϊʲôô˽⣿
½ͿŲ΢ɲĶ˶٣ݳסһʱ䣬뿪ˡ
ô𣿷κɵĿﲻôţ½ͿѾ뿪Ҳûа취ȥʡ
»صڣڿſڵģ֮󣬶ڳڵľ󣬷һֱŤĸоü½Ϳһ·ߵһջڡ
ջĵСǻһûа쳣ȻľżҲŲġڵСת˲䣬۽ͻȻ׽һĨ⡣
ϸȥȴʲôû֡

½Ϳͷα󷨵ʱ򣬳صȻҲʣµĵӣ˶ĵĵطۿǰĽ¶˱߽ǣصȻڵλá
ֻЩ˰ȫܹ֮ʲôֻܿԼͻˡ
ʣҲ棬صȻҲٶܡ
ŵӻ࿴˿ʶ˶ӣ㶼һǰɫ֮С
ȵһҲ̤֮󣬴űȻرգֻʣ»ǺͳصȻ档
ҲʱһԼҵδˡ
Ǻףһģֻ̤֮ǰһƬڣֺڰͨĺڰͬΪ֮ˣͨĺҹܸǵȻƬڰȴƺʲôڸǵĸ֪
ͻȻһ꼱æץףԱһ㡣
һ룬Զ㴫һҽУֻҽֻһ룬Ȼʧȥ
ڰռš
𣿡Сʵ
ףĿȻϡ
ȻʿţЩŶ˵Ӱ죬ܺĿʳǾ仰ʱ۵һľš
һֻޣʶΣյĽ٣ȴΪһ
ףԼûע⵽עĿжôͣûЩԺͿƣֻʣůůıǰһ˳Լģ걧ڻУ彫ȦԼı֮С
û£ֻǱͳȥˡף䰲ڣû˵㡣
лҪ˵Ŭing

 31 


ڱǶ˵ĵط, ϸ˻ᱻֱͳȥʧȥеĵӣܿΪԭһһ˳ȥڣֻʣʮˡ
һֻڰĿռ, ͻȻһߡ
ǹһһ, ¶һ¿Ĵš
걻ף令ܲ͸, ȫûע⵽еΣգй, ע⵽˺ܶ, ȴû̫Ѫ
Ҳ˵Щ˵ȷͳȥˡ
ôһ룬°תͷ˵ʲô˱͵ضסˡ
˱ף䱧ڻ, ôһתͷ, ͷֱӲףĴǡ
ĵһӦȻ, Һñף䣬϶Ҫһѳɱˡ
ףҲһ㶣ûһ, ͿȻĲɬ, ҡ
ͻȻе㲻ˬ
ף, ͷյĶߣѹʵʲô
һĹɲͬڵף俴а磬·ɢħ۳˾ߵģٿȥѾ, ǻþһ㡣
صɴ۾оԼĶ߷·𱻷紵ԭĶ˲͸ˡʶ̧סԼĶ䣬Ĳ˵İˣңҡǿȥɡ
˵ŶǸմ򿪵˹ȥ
֡ĪãȻһ˲ûü룬ͱǰľɫ𺳵ˡ
һ£ŵĳھ±߲׵ľ룬мΪ̫죬Щֱӵȥƣжߣֻܸоҵ쫷ڲͣĴǡ
Ͼûжãһۿôߵ£һһ£Һ˷סûֱڵϡ
ллл˲ŷ֣סľף䡣ڵףȴû˸ղаȵĸоѾɵЦЦ
ղԼۻ˰ɡ
ҲЦЦվֱӣǲһˣ㿪ף֡
㿪ףıƺЩˣǺܹɵջ֣վ󡣱ίıһһʱЩΣԼ˺һ޹顣
Ȼףʲôû˵ԼûסĵǴĬĬվ˻ȥ
ף۾৵˶ƺࡣ
Īһѱ޳ɹĴ
ô£ҵôòˣǰ˺ܿ㷢֣Լϵƺʧˡ
ع񣬸һƵʶ¡
Ͼż£еʱʵʶԼʵǸ֮ˣǿƼеġ
ڲˡ
ڵûˣղںڰһʲôѹס꾡Ҳֻܵһ˿ҪУȴǸС
罣ûа취ˡ
СĴյ±ߣ濴˿±ߵķ罥ԽԽǿ̫վȣҪ˳ȥˡعͷĺڰռĴڣδ֪Σա
ٵȥˡ
ܿ¶˾ģһߵˡҲΪڰռ䲢Ժܶѡ˵ڰռ䣬Ҳм˺һѡ
µֻоŸˡ
Ŀһһ˹ȥȴεķԼϵõֻףǸ۸½ͿŮӡ
˵ȻŮѾϺüΣʼղ֪˽ʲô
ŮҲڿֻ꣬Ĺɲʲô⡣ŮļˣҲǸŮһġʣµ˳ף仹վߣ˶ѡ
״ǸŮЩ⣬һۣеĻҲûʲô𾴵ζǣȥ꣬ҪԶ֡
ĿŮһֱۣλڻҵķ׾񣬱ʾԵľ塣ֵ꣬ôһ붼ˣƹ˶ãλҪΪǵľȥˡ
ôţ뷨ûУֱת¡
ûˣҲҪˡϾɽķԽԽԽɣȥĸԽ͡
ãŮӸǵЦһĿһףϣҲһûʲô⣺Ҳ㡣
ףϵЦ⽥˵꣬ѹûע⵽ף̬ı仯Ȼǰ˵ףȴ·ǴӵĶһ㡣
ŮӱףĿ⿴ģ˲Ĳţʶ˺ü
ף˲޾ħǵأ·ضһ㡣еף䣬ȻϤӣüĿȴѾǱŰѪȡ
ŮסǾ֣·һͻѪ
Сʦ֣ȥɡȷµȷǿģعͷףһ
ףعͷº͵ЦЦá
ħ˲ɢ֮С


 32 


ѡλǱȽƽ, 쫷Ĵ£ΣϵǺܸߡһҪף䣬ϾԼȴͷ
£ǽϵ쫷, վ±, ȫûͷܡ
ôһССĶ鶼ȥ, ֮Ҫôɽٷȥԭĸ͸磿
ôһ, ҧҧ, ȥ
߳˵һûô־ˣϾڻͷҪһЩ̧ͷ, ף±Ҳ׼, , ͷѰһŵ㡣
ףûעԼתͷǸ۸ŮӿĿ, ŵһ, вģ𡢱ɱ, ʲô˵ȥģʲôᡭ
ףü˸ı顣
Ů˲ͣһ룬˰Ҳûټ˵ȥ
˻ͷȥȴŮѾ˵ϣĿǾ֣ȴһ
Ǿôˣ
˵һ, ֻٿȥףѾ¡ʣµ˻࿴˿ȴôҲû취ףŮġ
⡭Ƿʲô
ûעͷϵĶ֮󣬶߱ȫǷ̧ͷף䣬ֻĶŽ¡
ƣʲô塣
겻֪Լ˶ãֻ˫ֶѾľˣǱʯӻ˵˺ۣȴʼտͷ̧ͷϿȥȴףӰҲѾˡ
ؼ·ֻʣһˡ
Ҳ֪ôͻȻͻŵĲС
Сʦ֣Сʦ֣ף䣡ף
ߵķУƺʲô꼱æȥȴоƺԼܽġߣ
꽩ӣתͷͿһɫĶߣ̾ڲԶʯͷϣ̽š
λģԲʲô޶ߡ
걾ͼֵ£ټһʱľʶһȴԼԨ
ʧص˲䣬껹ţѲԼףڻңôھˡ
ǸǶûֹľ顣
Ȼһ۾
һӰն䡣
һֱףѾߣ±ڻصʯڱߣ궼š
㡭ãȻĿף䣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ף䰲ͷֱӰ˻ֻԭķˣֻʣףؿڵһֱš
ЩգķӦղȥˡ
ûע⵽Լѵôһ˿ίͺԹף£ף
ףԭҪ͵Ļһ٣ȴʲôƭĻ˵˽ڻϴҴˣˡ
ԭҪĺߣڿף˲䣬͵ͷӴܡܾǲ𣬺ߵٶȺܿ죬գۼѾܳȥʮ׵ľ룬ΪԼѾӹһٵʱβͼȴͻȻһʹ
ߴʯصˤȥ
֮󣬲ŷԼףƲ̫ԡһףĻȥ͸оףӰͻȻһΣŵæץôˣ
ףɹָоԼΪħʱҪ㡣ﻹЦ⣬ȴҺͺ£ûղſСʦõȥΪ
ףôԼůġ
Ҳڻ֮ϧɣ
갲ףĺ󱳡
ף䱻ɵӶЦˣæ˺üЦѹȥͷ˿µԨ
ͺڰռһȻ˶֮µľ󣬵ħ˵κڵȻźܸߣʵҲʮװˣֻΪԲŸ˺ܸߵĴ
żߵµףףͻȻһ˿̬Ҳ֪ΪΣرϲӡ
ҲΪԼеĳɾ͸аɡ
ף俴Ż꣬ͻȻڵ꣬𣿡
ãȻšǣȵʲ
ǾͺáףЦһɺƣȻ󡭡ֱӴ׹ȥ
˲ᵽɤۣԲɵ˫۸ǵɵúܴ󣬿ڱߵļҪӲ˻ȥֻǶߺХķʶԼ±߷׹š
񡭡ͻȻΪʲôôϲļΣյ˶ˡ
ףͿԼ꣬ԭһµĶҶӣȴʼ˷ܣ˫ۻܿȥԭеĽûУС߶ܳĻˣ
ȵȣĵô
ף룬һ̻˻ȻЩ̫Ըܿ׹ٶȾͣף˱һµͣ
Īһ˿źͷһۣһ˿ζ
һԵף䣺
С߿϶ϲħģϾħǽħߵɽߡ
лҪ˵ҿˡ
Уܱոôϰ

 33 

µ׵ķС, ӹա֫ԭҲ»ˡ
̧ͷһͷͽЩֶǲסͬţȫԺˡ
ⶴǲ, Ҳȥˡ
µײǿյ, ෴, еĻҪƯʢĻԣԶ峺׵ĺˮ, ںˮ, һïʢĴںĵϡ
ˣɼʮ˺ϱô֣µ֦Ļһ㣬ŷİڶš
ںĵ, һܲ۵Сľݡ
ףһ, ˾ߵ˺ߡ
ˮ峺, ȴܿķΧûпʲôµĵط, ޷ȥ, Ҳʲôˡͼȥ̽, ȴڴʱ򣬸оһ˿Σգʶľж˿
ˮɵ
ףգգۣº͵ЦЦӦûʲôɣϾ￴ҲûʲôΣա
һ˵ţĿ⾲ˮ, 䳹ǵֳ߰вȵвź׵ֻޡԭŵľһʶľȴףĿĶסһ㶼Ҷද
ˣΪ㣬ټûУһֱûʲôΣա
ȻŰϵǸˣ޸˿˼ŬѾ޴޲Լһֻ۵Сޡ
ʶȤĺˣףҲûħǱջĿ⣬ٿʱǹɡ
ˮ̫ˣСʦÿ˰ɡ
ǡԼ
ãȻգգۣŵ˵ͷ
ȻûΣաίͰ͵һܸɴȡ罣齣նԾϣתһֻ֣ݸף䣬Сʦ֣Ҵȥ
ף㶵̧ͷոǹв޵ȫˣֻ걻ҫ£·ڷӰ
ˡ
˰죬ףҲûӦɻףǰ˻ΣСʦ֣Сʦ֣Сʦôˣ
ף˲عһº͵ıȻһ˲¶ŷӦʲôЦҡҡͷû¡
ȵףûмѹԼĳ嶯ղһ˲䣬ֱӽֱӴߣԶıڸղŵǸ״̬ħ֮С
ȴôһ˿᲻ã˵ǸߣΪһʱԶЩעȻȴĪЩհǰ˺ᵣ겻ϸߡ
겻ĵĻԼǿԼصħ
ԭ϶ĻشԽԽɲףϵıҲŻް
µ罣ҪˣλԴӸղţһֱڷħûôơȻеĲħ齣ôһֱħʴҲܲģ
ħʲô
罣ôҲ벻ףղһжúõģħ֮ħıͿʼˡ
ѲǾħ
ҺףʧҲûʧãܿϵħ±ѹ˻ȥףĿ⵭Ŀһ罣ȻƽۣϾ齣
ͦϲѽġ
罣˲оһ˿Σ˲ñģֱӼӿٶȿ˺֮һԼ˽֮С
ͽһ±Ƶڲݵϣýʣǡˣ
罣Ļҳȥ֪ˣλħǺŴ׳ģԺ˭ҽӽֱ꣬ӱ
Ҳ罣һƢˣϿڣҲûٶʡ
ĵСⲢСӦеþ޴ĹۼŻС˳ǰ˼˾ͿǸľݡ
ľֻһ㣬ΧդΧ
վԺſڣС￴˿ʵ𣿡
ľﰲһûС
򴽣ƿԺš
ȻԺžˡ
һصľͷƬƴƴȥ֣
궯һӽסˣãȻĻͷף䣬޹ίҾһ¡
Ĺ˰
ףʧЦͷԼ̫ˣ㡣
ɵգգۣܸоﲻ̫ԣΪʲôСʦԽԽϲԼͷҡԭƺﲻ̫ԣףֱ׳ӣƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ʵף˵Ҳûֻħ֮˵߼ˡ
ħ磬Ǳ˶ˣֻܹԼ̫ȥ˵̫ǿ
ȷľûˣҲ˿⿼鰴չؿ㣬ѾǵˡǰһУڶҲ֪һػᡭ
ȵȣΧЩô£
ûעʱڲ֪ðæתҪףȥȴףѾߣԭߵĴҲѾˡ
ɫ˶ΧסսĽУĶܡ
ƺûʲôرɻڣҲ֪̽Χܿһʱ򣬶ȴͻȻһϤ
Сãʲô
ǡִĴ
͵תͷֻԼվŵģĴ磬С֡裡һʶľǰ嵽ԼĸĻ
һ˲罣ͻȻһ¡
𶯺΢ҲעĿȻȴĽŲһӶס
ԣѾˡ
ԭһȴãȻĿŶ棬͸ĸ֣еǡһһĺˣ
棬˵ĶѾʶˣѾ˺ܾã͸ĸӰȴɻ֮СĿδƿԭᶨʼĶҡ
ܻȥȥ֮󣬸ĸʹĻڣǵⱾУܹԹʮܹΪеһ
һɺͶδĲȷԭ˵ĽŲһͣ
·ǲԥͶҡ˲ࡣ
Ҫѡڻþ֮еʱһůʵӵסһ˫ḲĶߣЩڵ档
û͵شӻþ֮лعڴڵĴͷϵ亹ֹס䡣Ѿӻþ֮гЩֲڵ
ףôܣ۵ĲС
ղŰֵ˲䣬ʶ˲ԡȻһתͷѾҲˡȵħҵʱȴڡ
ڸ½Ϳվһ
뵽⣬ףһ˿ɱ
ʱΪ־Ӱ죬ټ꣬һʱþ˿ӡ
Ȼףܿ㷢ǻþҪҵ껹ǻһʱ䡣뵽ղſ꣬ǸҪӣףɱԽԽѹƲס
ȻǶµģȴҪһġ󷨾ȻƭҲ˵ġħף£Ϣ͸ţ뵽Уһϡ
СͻȻһ궼˲ȥþˣæףľ֮г
Ȼȴûʲô쳣ΨһֵĵطͷͻȻҶӡҶӽСˣԶԶĿȥ·СȾɫ
ɸߵʱһͻȻֵ·С߳֡
·ûӵߣһ·ˮȥɵ·ϣͷ˿ף䣬Сȥ
˿Ҫ߽ˮʱԼƺ˶ߴһҵ̾Ϣ
˭Ѹٻعͷȴʲôûп
ֻйζš
ҶǵС֮ǰҪƯˡһۿȥȻһ¡
ҪԺҪҸطϣطֱԴ
Ƕǰͺһף˲˾衣ɽµ׵طͦõģҪջħģҪסˡ
ףʶ˼ħᵽĿԡ
ܿ죬ףʶһ˿ԡ
ȵȣ԰Ӧô˹ջȥΪʲôҪħ
ʦףĻտڣͱ˹ȥ
Сʦ֣ԺлᣬﾲްɡڴĿڣΪʲôҪף䡭ֲĵһס˵˶ûУ϶ܲˡ
ףھͲˣСʦֺҲʲôΣգҡҲΪڻҶڻҵհɣܵСʦԼĵطͱǵڻˡ
ԽԽ⣬Сʦ֣òã
ף䣺á
һԵĹסˡ


 34 


˳·һ·, 뵽ˮˮĵط⻹սԶһЩѾΧˡ
ǰ, Ź, һֱȥ
ûзֵ, ף쳣ĳĬ
ף˼
һֱãԼֻǺ, ԲŻһֱո, ԺҪһ޵ʱȴԥĴӦˡ
ԼǳԴҩˣӱЩӰˣ
ףֻԼŲǸ˵áˣԼ
˵, ף俴˲Զһ, һ˿ȤζȻֻǺ̵ܶһ˲, ļǵãʱĻþˡ
һСãŮ
Ҳ˵, , ļˡ
ף˲, ԼӦǸ¶Ŷԣ޸ĸͽܡȻÿ˶иĸûǴʯͷĳġ
֪ԼݣļҲþе˲Ŷԡ
ԡ˵˭
ףԽ, ֲίԼӣҪ֪ģȻҪֱӿȥʡ
ʦãղšף俪ڣ˵һ룬ͱˡ
Сʦ֣˵·ᵽﰡʵߵĽŲȴӿࡣ
ף˶٣һǰ档û´·ľͷӦþˮ¾޵λˡǰļ飬Ƕ˵츳ԵĲԣҲԼıһΪµˣһء
ֻѾڽ䣬ͼԼʯͷľޣף˱˵ļƻΡüº͵֪ӦûʲôΣգˣСʦãղ㿴ġ
û£ʦ֣ͻȻҪΣұ㣡
ף俴ǰԽԽ죬ҪʮԶ꣬ʶʲô
ƺ˵¡
ףۣħֻ֪£û֪ȴ¡ôһ룬ףӿŲߵߣһߵЦŵͷ꣬һ߿ڣСʦã㡭
̧ͷĿ⾲Ŀ
ףʲˣıƽҲû˵ʲôǾãѹ
Сѹˡ
һ뵽仰ףؾһţ˵ΪԼĺȥ꣬꿪԰Լܸ
㿴ʲôף䲻ɫָ̧֣ǰ档
궼ףȥ׼ˣȴû뵽ףת˵һ¡ʶ˳ףָķ򿴹ȥͿǰԭڰ֮УͻȻһС⡣
΢ɼΪڼˮףܱ˷֡
ϸĿȥȴǸʲô⣬ǡһֻ޵۾Ĺ⡣ŲһͣǸĿȴǾŵģȴ֪ΪûйҲûκζ
ŵƹ⣬ǿǰ޵ӡ
е񡭡ڹꣿãȻĿ˿Ҳֻһģ·ʯͷĹǣ޵֫Ѿ׵˹
ǵĹصĿ
룬ףһۣףͷһǰȥ
޶ŵ÷ˣѾˡֻҪ˳·һ·߳ȥͿˡɲ֪λħô£ͻȻħӽק˳һ෢Լ
Ǳ˸ôһҧȥˡ
ǡýˣҲԼԼƺСޡ
ʮ׿
Ȼ֫ڿܿצǱĳݼ⡣ɣ޿ֱӰ̳븹
ʶѹΪʲôǣ
ʻҲί
ܲλɢɱˡڸоԼǸҶදһ£ħֱӰɱ˶ٳһףв£൱˵
ףĿ⵭Ʋ˾һۣĿȴ˳磬Ϊܵġ
ܣһ㶣ʵʲôģ
ףЦеĵǡͿȥһصģԲԣ
˵ֵھ޶ǡвˡ
ýڵޣôܻᡭᡭ޸ոչףħв£˲ɢˡίգգ۾ζ˵ߡ
ЩϲĿžޣĿ𣿡
޿Ϊɲ⣬ȻԸΪⶴˣڶˣҲ֪ⶴ˵ж
ھ޵Ŀϣ޵ĿȻЩӲȴ䣬¶ȡ־Сĵھ޵ıϣһԵףҲߣźۼĽ˻ڻ
ǡ߰ɣʵ
Ѿƹˤˣ֮е֫죬ˮһԭֹľޣ˲˳ȥ
ڹϣֻоΧˮٵĺţǰףʵħֻûз֡ûбˮߡ
ôһ·ǰ壬Ҫʱ·̣һգ۱㿴⡣
һ룬޳ˮ棬ˮԿ£ҫ⣬ϻˮ飬ˮ֮ϣһˮƣһˮϵꡣ
걻ǰˣ֮ǰͳʧһɨǻϲعͷףʱЦⶼˣСʦ֣Ư
ףЦеĵ˵ͷĿⲻܿƵϡ
·ǧǳ޾ǹ⡣
ף͵͵ӦһţǺƯ


 35 


Ծˮ, µ׵ĺ棬һƬˮ档ˮҪµ׵ĺ߿࣬Ҳ˺һᣬŵ˰ߡ
ˮɿٶ, һϾͱ˹١
˵ȵŰ߲, ͽڿ, ף˾޵ͷߡȻ޿ֲܿΪһֱûйԼ, 굹Ҳûʲôµ
лл㡣Цеĵ
޿, һֱ̫˵飬ͻȻɢȥˡ˶٣ͻȻſѪڣȻӿƮһСӡ
Ӻ;޵С, , ȴĻҪ˵ͷ, ޾תˮգ۵Ĺʧˮ֮ϡ
꿴˿еӣͨ, е˵еҹ顣ЩĿ˿, תֽף, ɻʵСʦ֣ʲô
ףûнӣֻǿӣüٿǾ޵Ŀһ˿졣
Ϊ飬֪ʵ࣬ⲢΪû, Ϊʵ̫ϡˡһöҩκ˷֮󣬶ὫҩЧ棬ȵպܵˣĽκá
ֻԴһΪ֪ܶ˵ҩʦĵҩȴΪûҵ䷽һֱҲûû뵽ԼȻ֪
ֻǹĻǾޡ
ףҪͷڹץоĳ嶯ȻƺǾ޵ӡܺãףԥһ£ǰħ˻º͵Ķ͵ⶫҲ˵
ףͣͻȻʶֻڵһСӣܽӴĵֶġ
ôһ룬ףЩΪѣԼҪôȥء
СʦҲ֪𣿡ͷʹĿӡ
ף˶٣ӦòʲôҩϾͨǰĿ飬ӦǸöҪһԣ
գգۣǴ󡪡ӷףǰ൱ɵʵȥСʦڶ𣿡
ôһȥҭɣ
ףȡԼ彣һУ㽫г룬Ϳˡ
ô𡭡
ɵĿﱻֳӣ㽫һݸף䣬һСʦֺˡ
ף㶵Ľ˹
ǱѾó罣ϸ˼ôСһˡ
Сʦһͨ˰϶Ҫһһ룬ҡĽ˼Ŀףһۣľݵʱ򣬶лСʦˡ
ףû뵽һӦȻǼ׷ʣϸĿ˿ı飬ȷûвģСʵǡļ𣿡
괹е罣ԥ˼£ӳ׷ֳСݣһһƵ³ԣǰɡ
ǾǣǾͲǣǡʲô˼
ףü֪ΪΣ֪СԼܣĪЩ̫ˬͺԭԼĶʼͼܡȻȷԼ԰סǡòĻǻ᲻ġ
Сʦ֣ѽͦóԵġӳȥ֮󣬷ӾȻǹһǸġ
ףȴʳ֪ζ꣬ȴĪ˻ȥ
С߿鷳
ף̲סԹȴûһ˿һҪ뷨
˳Űߣ½صȥ˺ܾãõ궼̤˻þſǰһڴ֮У½Ϳͷվǣ֪ڿʲô
һϲ;Ŀܡ
Ƕɡ
Χ϶ΣգǻѲǣҪϷҪ̶ȣڻҡڻһ𼸸𼸸ģ
ҪߵĴСܵǽϵҲЩܡ½ͿͷεܣɢһЩʯǴ֮ܵڵϵʯͷ
ڸԶһ˵бı䣬ǡ
꿴˿ӣֿ˿½ͿҲûȥ뷨ô͵
Сʦ֣ЪһɡĽһ
ףһ˿ȣΪҲȥءҲãﲢûʲôıͱ˲ˣһõ˫ȥͺˡ
ף俴һ۶ڴУ֪˶õ˫Уü
ոջɢɢ˫Уһӱֱ壬Ŀ⾼Ķ½ͿͷΣ֤ܵһʱӡ

½Ϳͷߣȴ˽֡
һʼǺ˳ΪСϵӡǣǷ˳ڵʵѾˣ˵˵ȴԳ粢Ȥ
֮ȵҹ˸۵Сջס
ҹʱ򣬱洫Ŀ޺ԭ˶ˣǶ˿ճǡ޺һֱܻƣȴʼտˡ
˳ҹɫ̽˰켸ɵĵطûмɵ
;ҪȥǺɫпһ£ȴ½Ϳˡ
ڶ죬ǰֳȺֲǣеˣһֱظźһĶ
վȺ֮Уо˳ǵĺ⡣
ΪʲôڻûסʵΪʲôԸȥǸɫ
½ͿǰߵĽŲһ٣漴ּǰ㶼Ͽڸν͡
αҲǼСС㣬ȻһȽºͣȴҲûƢģ½ͿֱӵͷһǺɫĽ˹ȥ
½Ϳһ£ȥҵʱ򣬷ѾȺڵסˡ
𡭡½Ϳҧ̧ͷԶĺɫ˿־廹ޡȥ
ȻǸ½ͿȷǺɫǻɡҲ³çװ䣬ںɫתһȦһŷ֣ɫĽкóһεľ룬أκ˶
Ƕ࿴˼ۣЩĿѾת˹
βԸͻ㲻ɫƿĿ⣬תһȥ
ĻӦǽȥˡ
Ϊ½ͿҲûؿջȥԱߵľ¥ȵҹΧ˶ʧˣŴӾ¥¥һԾ¡ȻҹʿҲˡ
ȷûԱߣ˳Űҵţ뵽Ǻɫ֮С
һȥ͸ܵһɳǵĺ⡣ɫ֮е¶ȣҪ϶ʮȣҲоֽŶ΢΢ʹ
ҽ֮УȻҲǺڰģһյƶûСҺ÷οںڰ￴壬һ·˳ߣҲ֪˶ãǰ濴һССӰ
üĿӰϡ
ɣ⽨ôطΪ˹ôһС
ôţСĿ˹ȥҲΪ˽ŲС˶һϡﻩ졣ע⵽СֽŶǱţǵϵġ
һСҲ̫ˡ
һǰߣһ߿С̧ͷСͷܳڵסһ
ȻС
½Ϳһģһ
Ǿ½Ϳֻ½Ϳ
εĽŲסˡ
лҪ˵ҾҺȵ
ԣ

 36 

˴ס, ȫû뵽ǰ֪½ͿļҾãҲ½Ϳ˵ԼļҾֻһֱΪ½ͿǼĲܳĺ, ԲŻû˹
ɲǲܳ, Ű
СС½Ϳ, һţΪǰ, ӵ, ֻԼһŭȼա޷Ҫ˵ĳ嶯ȴΪŵ½ͿòѹԼ
С½ͿƺʶʲôĸˣʼͣĲ
ͻȻ뵽, ǲҲ, վλ, ĿС½ͿϣȻݺݵĴ
С½ͿŻô¡
һԼŭѹȥС½Ϳ, ˶, ƽҲС, һ½Ϳ
Сŵ͵һֱʶĵͷϣͺѾµԼᱻһ㡣
ۣ׿ֻСֽ½Ϳ½ͿǷΡġ
Ҵ, ֪ˡС½ͿµĲУȥεĻ
̲סֱǰСС½ͿڻСǿˣȴһֱ֣ĴС½Ϳĺ󱳣ûû£°ûˣ£ء
СƺΰԽԽͣ˰ſڷεĻɲұŷΣֻСҪȡһů
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ʱͻȻԼʶЩ㱡ŷӦԼʶڱšķ򡭡ȻԼĻ
ԼûзӦһ󼱴ٵĽŲһüС½Ϳ˿
˲û˵ֻڼٵĺšѣ˼ӣع񣬿к½Ϳ
½Ϳû˵ץŷε󣬾Ҫߡʶһ£ûзӦղŷʲôȴʶǰ˵Σա
½ͿĶһ٣ȴǻջ֡
һץסץס֮󣬲ŷӦԼʲôҲ֪Ϊʲôֻһ̵½Ϳ͵ϱԼС½Ϳƺغˡ
˿ϵСֿ˿ǰʮ½ͿȻʱҪ࣬ȴɻǸӡ
ǡô£ʵ
ϵȴɣȷԼ֣ǰ˾ܹ˲ʧ
½Ϳ򴽣ҿεĿ⣬ƲһߣȴɲϿڡ
ղšЩɣ˿ϵС½ͿҲ֪Լ£С½Ϳһղʲô
ܹ䵽ղŵָоͺԼҪһ㣬С½Ϳ̫ټС½Ϳ˺пѾһûʬˡ
ûʲô½ͿʲôҲûУ뿪ɡ
½Ϳĵ⻹һ½Ϳ˵Ūסô£
ɻʡ½Ϳ
Ϊ㲻˵ҾͲ֪㡭û뵽½ͿξȻ̹׵ô죬˶ûзӦ㶲ʶ˵ɻʣǣɻʲǡǻ𣿡
Ҳ˵ɻÿһһѡɻʵʱΪܿڵ˺ĸףףҲΪʣʧȥǣıɹ
ֻɻʵˣΪԭ򣬶޷һ꣬ʷϵļҲ١
ο˿ܣֿ˿С½ͿԡطΪ˹㣿
½ͿĿСʱԼ㶼ûҪȥ˼εʻҲֻһЩ˵ʵˡ
ɻʵ̫ϡˣȴǿȡЩҪʣȴ޷ƣôһ취һ˹ڰ֮УÿȡѪ⣬ͼŪɻʵôֵģǷתƵϡ
ֻǿϧ
ϧʲô׷ʡ
ϧЩˣûоΪˡ½ͿûΪЩѹ˼
ʵ鱾һΣΪѪҺ̫ãʧȥЧЩ˶ȡһѪҲʱһԵġȻһΣȴ˰£ûмһˡ
ˣԼҲ֪ԼôѳģȻȵߵſڣƿ֮ȴһ˶ûС
ݳǣһǡ


 37 

θоԼ, һµĿֲ£ȴеķġͷԼűһС½Ϳ˶ãȻˡ
, Ӧðɻʵ¸, ϾɻжΣϡʵû취, ôն½Ϳ·
òףŴľ߳, ñ֪, ʷ᲻ݣ
ĲУһԵ½Ϳ֪ʲôȴһ仰û磬ҲûΪԼ˵仰, Ѿһ
Ĭ, ĿͣС½Ϳ, ڿڵҲţǡ½Ϳκ쳣, Ǳ, Ҷȥ㡣
½Ϳ˼, Ĵͷ߽֮󣬵һĿʱԼ
á
ȻѾ˵½ͿҲŷΡֻҲûѣ겻֪꣬±ͺ١
ܳȥ󣬱㷢ǳص˶ʧˡûκѪҲûκζҵĺۼ, ǳĶúõԭأֻס˱ӲĨȥˡ
ʱ½ͿǸ˲֪ĺӣ˵ֻ֪ǰ龰ܹ죬ȴ֪⡣ϾƬڰҲһ˶ûеġ
ӳǳ֮ܳ󣬽ӴԽԽ࣬ѧ˵Լ˼֮󣬲ԼʲôݳǵҲ֪
һǳأһҹ֮˶ʧˣԪӤڵĴȥ鿴ûܲκ쳣ͺǳأԭһ㡣
ݳǱӡΧҲ˽
û֪һ꣬Ŵݳ˳
ԡݳǵͻȻʧˣʵ
½Ϳ˼룬ŵ˵ͷ֮ǰҲ޷ȷȻ˶޷ǡݳǵ˿ܶѾˣԼȴ֪
Ի᲻ͣظһ飬ȵȴʧ
Ӧòݳǡ½ͿŷɻĿ⣬ѵˣ֮С
һΪһ̫𺳣Լڶ֮СȻڶ֮С
ˣǽ⿪ݳǵܣɻʵΪʲôҪ𣿡
½ͿȻҲ֪ҡҡͷŷλص˿ջջһˣ컹ÿ䶼£ȴžĺ
˻࿴˿Ϣһ֮󣬵ڶһ磬վڴ⿴ȥ
ֻһһУԭһ˵ĵطֳӰµĹߣһֽһ㣬ݳǷΪ˼͵ظ֡
߰ɡ½Ϳŷε
ôȥҲʲô
ȻȴվڴߣĿĶ¥£ȴЩŹ֡
ôˣ½ͿҲ˹ȥ
ֻһڿСŮƺǸ߶ˣΧ˶˹ȥȴûǰСѾ˺ܾãѾˣһֱڲͣĴſá
½ͿջĿ⣬ߵѾӴһԾ¡סΣһȴʲôû˵ɼ䣬ѾǸСŮߣԶͽСΪЦ
ͺ񿴵˼ǰԼվɽ·ϣĵľãȴһק
½ͿҲӷ¥ѾСﱧڻˡС޵ең۾ͮͮģȴҧǺ«
СԴ˺óԵĺůĻܿ˸ղŵľš
ΰ۽ǵɾСͷʵСãĵأ
СҧǺ«Ķ˶٣˼һµ˯ˣ׷ɷ
ãĿ½ͿŬƽС˼˵˯Ȼסˣ
Сƺ⣬Сһ£˵ϡקקε䣬ȻžľڵϣһֻסĿڣ˯ˣ
˵꣬СĴ˿ӦûҵֻһĶ״ɷɣ
ͫ΢½Ϳһۣ˶û˵ȴʶԷʲô
СĵӦѾˡС״ӣȴ֪ΪʲôС뵽һ˿̣£С±ػСõ𣿺ܺء
СԺͦͦأȡģ˵ر飬Խ顣
Сͷ̧۵ʱȴ۵ۡûСע⵽Լ쳣ǽССЩܳԵĶ
СҲ֪˶ãԵ̻ʵģһ߳һ߻α֤ҵ׾ͻӻ
ЦӦˡ
˰ĿСԶϱЦȴԽԽҲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻתͷ½Ϳ
½ͿɻĻ
ǡЩ㣬ͺˡ
½Ϳݳӳȥ֮ûûѡȫ󲻳һôĿİģŵɽ·
ҲҺãʱһ¡
½ͿĿʶ´Ը÷ηԼ𶯡ȴãܹɽ·Σ˵ʱá
Ͼ
ҳԺԹɵĲɾԼ֣һԡ
λعЦͷ޵
ڶݳǵ쳣ûа˼ȰסҲ֪ף֮󣬻ûڳ
˵ǴһǳɫĳȹƯƯظ˴ΡֻͿôһҪҵһ˻̫ˡ
һ죬ûҵСףᷢʲô쳣ˡ
ۿҪˣһΣǰһʧ顣
½ͿѾյֱۣѵ÷һ˿仯ǰݳţ޵ʼǳء
߰ɣ̾˿Ȼ½ͿûʲôȤһʱĲ˹ģǺ«ͷƯķȫ½Ϳġ
ᵽʹܵ½Ϳȥˡ
ҹݳǿΣգȴΪûˣԸ޼ɵĲ쿴
ȥ½Ϳıҡ
½ҵĴԺɫȴŵصֱӵڷϸȴʲôûз֣ѰЩʵĹŹװá
οЩķֱһƬ
ûҪ½Ϳ֮еһжָԭġ
λͷŭȴ½ͿѵôЦ˫
ܽлл㡣
ŽʶսĿƮһ£һͼȥˡ
һҹӰҪ֮ǰ˳ȥ½ſڵĻͷİǸԶˡƳһۣĽһתͽ˻ȥ
ô죿ڡȥ飿ο˿ͷ⣬ʵ
½Ϳ˵ͷ
˻ص˿ջȻ¥µĴ£վǡֵֻǣûпֻǰվǣĿⲻϵܿȥʲôˡ
½ͿͷεףȺУһ۾ͱˡ
û뵽ǣڿ֮󣬱൱ϲĽһν㣬磡Ĵܵǰ
顭Ȼǵǣ


 38 

½Ϳͷλ࿴һ, ˴ﶼǾȡ
ɿ˹һѱס½Ϳͷǿĺ㣬, ν, 
ΰ, ȸ·ſʵǵøͽ㣿
鲻ͷ, ѽ, 鵱Ȼǵã˺óԵģ绹ٸ߸ߣ
ݳǵˣǵŶԡ
ϸϸĿ, ȴʲôûз, , һͨŮӣЩС飬ȴû쳣ĵط
ͷ½Ϳ, ½ͿҲǻҡҡͷ
ƺоλ˵ĳĬ, ԭܿĵıҲ, ãȻĿ˿ˣЩηĿڣ顭ʲô𣿡
æϻЦ⣬ҡҡͷûУֻǾرȻܼס㡣
ЦҲͬĵ˵ͷ, ԰ڵỤ̋ÿ춼ҳһӣȴܼǲסԺãǵþͺ
㶣ʶ˵Ǹڵ̯λϰȷšôţ飺Űһ˶ٸ
һ£ͷʼԼָôҲ㲻ԽԽżһ˲䣬κ½Ϳ˶˲ݳڣ˲Ծ

⣬ףѾ˿ʱˡΪûн󷨣Ҳ֪淢ʲôֻ˵ı顭ЩŹֵġ
ŭķ·ڳܣֱ쳣ͣ˴ı顣
۲˰죬̲סʵǡʲôģ
ףĵĿһۣ󡣡
󣬻еˣѯʣܶڱֻһС£е˵ȴҪ¡
ĹؼĵǸˡ
ףĻ֮пһۣҲû˭ԭεĶҲֻ㼸¾ʹˣֻǶ½ͿõĶرصһ顣
뵽⣬Ŀⲻ
ȥףһϲСҲǺҪĶģôţףȴҲûԼĴ㣬ŵõ֮󣬸һϲ
ԺȴǡţõһͲ쵣ľƫˡ
˵ŵʱĴִˣ˴˽꿴һۣвûǸŮӣߵļ˶ûп
⼸ˣ֮󣬱ŹֵĿԡ
ãȻʵǼ𣿡
Ǽ˵Ķηһ£Щɵĵ˵ͷֻǿǱ飬ƺںʲô룬ѲЩʱȥ߸״
뵽⣬갲ģҲȥ״ġ
ȻǼһһճƵļһ𣬶˴Ľ
ףЩʶûй˿ŵĿ⡣ò׸С˵ദʱ䣬ûʲôصȻ֮İ۵ļһڣЩǲʶȤĹţҲЩҲûˡ
Ǽ˵ȷû˼εһҲͦõģϾڶӴ˿ȥ϶ֵֹֻԴ
СʦֺãκΣա
ףͷ
⧲˳ëףһ±ơ
ļ˲䶶˶Ψף˶߳ŭһȫˡ
ȻףһȴҲû˵ʲôʶĵ˵ͷܹõĹ
ڷϵ˫УףĶԭŵҶȥ̲ס۾ȷǵȷħûд˶ãȻˡ
ûмǴһθôħͷġһħˣͷӦöѾʮ߸˰ɣ
λ˭ħ׷ɱôĴħħƢûУѲɣλǡ
˫ԽĹ죬ʱԭһֱŵ½ͿͷΣȴͻȻʼ仯֮ԭɫʼͣڰɫͻɫ֮תš
֮еˣҲʼעˡ
Ҳûü˵̫ã֮еĻɫ㽥ȥ¶½Ϳͷ˵Ӱ˶ڿ˵ʱ˫ȴӰһʧ˴֮С
½Ϳͷ֮󣬱˴ﻹãȻã˲ŷӦʱԭҲ³ʯ¡
ֻʣǺɫӣڵϡ
״һվԭܵˣΪǵĵһ̽գҲΪŮ˸һƽǡΪСӡ
ôţԽ
½Ϳ˷һۣ˵ͷŸӴ򿪡Ǹһģûа취Ӵߡ
ͱ˵ĺ治ͬȫ֪ϲʲôڴš
ֻӻ򿪣¶һ顣
꣺
ȵȣ
˵õأ
лҪ˵쿪ʼո
ڰѸý¶
ˣǿҲ
·

 39 

ļǵ, ԭӵǡ
½ͿӴ򿪣ֻһƽƽĵΧ˶һмֻ½Ϳ, ŵԲʲôͨ
Ѫڿ, ͼ̳븹
½ͿͷĬ, Χ˶Ϊڲŭζ̲סΪ½Ϳеƽ
Ǹʲôͨĵ, һһ
뵽ԭǿɰ, ٿƽƽһ飬ǰһڣ޲óȥӺϣ½Ϳ´һΡ
Ȼ, ȷ½Ϳ򿪹֮, ϵİ׹һ, ͽ½ͿֱƵ˼֮⡣
ͬʱԭƽ󷨣Ϣһηڵ˱׹û, ȵ׹ɢȥ, ٿһˡ
һԵ˫, ֮е˱ߣŹ˳ֻǿŵﻹЩֹ
ħҪĲɣȻоȷǺŨôҲǸͨ޵ĵ
һ˵ĴͻȻһ̾
˫˲侯ħתγһȦ
ֻԭյĴ֮, ֪ʱһӰӰӲǸˣǸ֮ġ
˫첻µز£ħͶЩֹµĲУǶϹ޵ʱ򣬶˳ֻ֣ҪһΧԼԼĹ꣬˫ԼܰԼŵ
ˡĳ֣˫һЩͰǵˤˣҺһʱ򣬶ħĿ־廹ѹ˶ԹĿ־塣
˼˫⸱ӣεҡҡͷ㡭ƺ˵ЩʲôֻǳĬ˫еúö
ĸ
˫иûӦͱֱ˳ȥֻͳȥĵطûпħǡ˫вҹයЩɻķɿ뿪ˡ
һߣɢȥŷѾͳ󷨣صȻǡǳصȻֻɨһۣü
һԵĻüͷҲ壬ʵأ
һ㶣ͷһۣŷ֣ûȥ˻ǸԵŮӡ֪˵ֻ֣ȷ˵ûгԭҲǸڻҰˡ
ǵʻм˵ı֣ʣµĮĿš
û˵һΣȻǺǣβǸڵʿĶ뵭Ȼ˸űȻ
صȻĿ⻺Ǽϻףϡ
ףɵĶЦЦվվ
껹ʧ֮Уûע⵽Ա˵Ľ档
ͻȻ˼֡
ߡصȻֻǿףĿȴΡ
ȥ·ϣԭλ÷˱仯֮ǰռĵĵطļˣڽҲɢţϢĽмλ˳
½Ϳͷλ࿴һۣЩãȻ
ȴ൱ȻҪĵλˡ˿ˣЩʵ:Ǹʲôѽ
½ͿĬһ£Ŀ⿴һۣȴһ˶㡣
Ȼ֪ΪʲôʦԼʦ̫أһ￴ţȻҸô
½ͿĬĬ
ꡣ
գգۣĿ½Ϳǰ˴գôԶʲô
һԵף䣺
Ȼ֪½Ϳ϶⣬ȻΪʲôԱʦֶôܣôһ۵С࿴
Ѳɡ겻ϲʦ֣ϲСˣ
ףĪĸоһ˿Σ΢΢ۣĿ½Ϳϡ
ȻףԼԭòţֻαװӣ˵Ҳ½Ϳ¡
Ȼħݣһ츳õСʦ֣½ͿףСҲڳһʱ䣬ȵԺܹԼʣصȻ츳Ȳ
ңȻҪһ㣬Զ½ͿҲܺ棬һĶ½ͿԽԽõĻ
ףΧĿԽԽ䡣
һԵĳصȻͻȻоʲôĿףϡ
ƽףܻȥװװӣ㣬ԸȥӦصȻĻɡĿųصȻһº͵
صȻĿ侲ĸף俴˼룬Ŀһ½Ϳϡһı飬Ȼչ࣬΢΢˵ͷ
ףͷɱ⿪ʼͣ˸š
½ͿãȻı·ֻԼͻȻоһ˿ɱ⡣
òʦڸɣ
½ͿڣתȥΡ
һǶһǶϱ˭Ҳûˡ
ζӡܺãҲûеһһ꽲˽ûи꣬½Ϳʡ
ĽζЩɶԭûеڡ
ԡǸСĹؼʵ
γĬһ£΢΢˵ͷǰɡǳˡ
գգۣƺ̫ãĬĬĵͷӦһռøԼĬĬ˻صףߡһˣע⵽ףı鲻ԣƺǲˡ
ôˣǰͷףִ˴Сʦôˣ˭۸ˣ
ףŵͫ΢΢һûзԼɱŲɫһԭɱһӱɢˣֻʣ²㱻ֵС顣
еί
һ۸ˣ˭
ףǸɵСʦ֣֮ǰΪԼЩħɱȴ֪ʵ֮ɶôáƽʱЩ۸ף䣬ף俴Ҳ񶼲⡣
֮Ǹº͵Сʦ֡
굹ûоôãֻܻᵣף䱻۸
ףû뵽ô룬һ£ܿͷӦȴʲô˵ĵͷ
꼱òУĿŭɨһȦˣΧĵӶŪĪġ
Сʦѹ˭۸ˣʦðҳӣĵ
ףԣƺǳһ£ĿԥԥĿһߡ
ŭ˹ȥȻϳصȻĮĿ⡪ǵĮģڻصȻ˲ţдˣСʦþȻΪǸСӵң
صȻĿһһӦ˾ͺһӿеСӣҲţԴҲȥ޲ڵҸֱȥ
ô³صȻףﰵԼһ䡣
һصȻȴԼġ
˻Լǰףĺ󱳣û£Сʦأ۸㡣
С̽ͷصȻסŹɵĵ˵ͷš
Ī˸ĳصȻ


 40 


Ӷ֮, ˾Աա
Ҫ֪˵ܹ˳ħ磬ܹħĽл, лǰᡣڡǵ齣, ǵĵһ, һ顣
ȻƺǸĹ̵߽ķ, Ļȥѧķ
϶Ǳ˰
ŵĲе, ʼлͣϸϸĶԭ顣
һҪ취Ѿ
£ֱӱԺˡ
Ĵ꣬ȴ֪æף, Цŵ˵ͷ, ת֮ɫȴǳ
Ѿûмˡ
ԴӴӶ֮, ǳصȻ֮⡣һʼһ棬֮¾Ҳû˼ꡣ
ꡭæʲô
ף鲻, һ·صԼԺ, ȴſڿ뿴ˡ
صȻ, ҲǺܺãֻĶһ䣺ʦҪ㡣
Ȼˡ
ףüӦһлʦ֡
ʲô£ףҲܲµ
϶ΪǼʿ¡
ʱǸڣûʲôΣſҲֻǲͨᱻͳȥѡǼȴڿ;ʱڳпֵܶ˾
ټԭͶĻɡ
̸ΪҪء
ԭΪ֮, ͻ̽û뵽Ȼȵڡ
УϷλϣĿ߽ҲûۡûУ򰵵Ĺ֮Уףš
˵ǰִͻȻʵ
ףºͺ͵˸񣬡ߣʱ뵭ʦִǵʱʦõܲԾһֱͼ˺꣬ҲŲòԶꡣ
ۣüͷ΢΢𣬡˵Ҫ˺ꣿ
ף˵ͷ²ߣʦöһж⣬֮ǰȥ·ϣԲѷʱ±ԵֻµʦòС˵꣬ʶѵ⡣
ˣԣȴǽעֱԼСͽϡ
ףҡҡͷûС
һ
ûٿڣףԼϴǵӵĴԻڵӣ߽
һ٣˵߱һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲʶһ̽ͿԼСͽܴҴææϡ
ϴδӶ͸˵Ҫչأ֮˭ûͻȻһ뵽ոף˵Ļһȴһͽ˸˴֮⣺²ᡣ
ȵŹϣ߶һᣬȴһƽεķָˡ
ǸСӡ
ղΪСͽܱˣһʱûע⵽ǸףȻҽСͽꣿܽе𣡣

һߣף䱻ûãͼԼˡ
ڿʱףԭ˲䱻΢΢ͷ˿Լ֡ˬʱ򣬶ѡȥɱ¾սһΣֻǿĵǣףʲôûˡ
ȻСߣȻôЧ
ףЦͣȵܵǰͷôˣҴҵġ
գգۣ˿յĴֿ˿ƺû˵ף䣬һ˿ܣûע⵽ߣקףһԶ˶㡣
Сʦ֣ʦø˵¡һλʦ֣ΪڻҪڻҵľ򣬲ҪǸǺܣǿ϶ģһҲ̫£ڻҿɲһ
ףӡͦõģϣλСʦܻľһ㡣
ôţĿף䣬Сʦ֣ʵʦԶһ㡣
ףһȴǲԣһ˿ɻʵʦΪô˵
Ѳݱ¶ˣ̽
ףͷüĿϣȴ˳ɡ֮ǰ˵ݱ¶ֱɱ꣬ȴôҲû취ģְ
ֻǸС߰ˣ˾ͻһ
ףͼ˵ԼĵħʼۼĿһ꣬ħֱɢޣֻǸҪ˺Լħȥ
СߡСֻһŪ˾ûˡ
֪ԼղŻΣգԼ˼ôף͡
ֱֲ˵½Ϳѡ֮ӣ߸ҪǣԶ㲻Ȼױڻҡ
Сʦ֣㿴ʦô˿϶ʲôħħħħ֮ģ
ĳ˱齩˽
ûע⵽ڼ͵ѽЩ˿ɶǻˣһҪʦ鷳ʦôǴ򲻹϶ͻ鷳ˡ
ˣ
ԡҪúõȥû²ҪȥʦŶԡ꿴ף䣬һɡ
ףĬĬĿ꣬ԭıѾˡûΣĽ٣ڴĿף䣬ͼܵԼϡ
Сʦ֣˵𣿡
ףĬĿãϻһº͵Ц⡣
ʦã˵öԡ


 41 


ף䲢һʼħġ
һʼҲǸССħ, ʬɽѪ֮УһһߵߵǸλá
ҵʱҲû
гһ򵱳ͱ, 㵱ʱ, ҲǸȽϢ˵
⻹ǵһ˵, ˵ǸˡȻȷǸˡ֮󻹰Ȼġ
ף鸴ӡ
˵ǲǶСе̫ˡ
겻һССʿ, Ȼ͸ǰ˷ؼԼһֱ, ȻĻڡ
ȻǺġôħôʲôˡǻˣҲǻĲǺֲֵܹŶԣ
Ȼ˵ħǻ, ֱֱ, 𱨣û, ûĵСߡ
ףȻϲ˵֮ǰĻǺܽġ
һһԺ֪ħ᲻ͻԼˣ
תһ, ֲ֪ħ, ҲֻǱЩҥ˶ѡ
ôһ, ףҲûôˡ
ħȻҪһ㡭
Ҳ֪½ͿôˣͻȻ̾Сʦ֣˵
ΪʲôأѲӰ쵽˾飿ʲôҲû
ίˡ
ףո˲ͱˡ
˵, ˵ʲôǸ½Ϳõģֵôģ
ףƫƫָ㲻Լʲô
ֻΧĿĪĽ˺üȣһɫȷǰЩ֪ǲҪˡôţףļЦˣСʦȻȥɡ
Ҫȥģף֪ԼӦöһ䣬ûסʳ˿ڡ
Һãֻգգۣصȥ½ʦܣ½Ϳ㻹ǵǸڶõĽǸ
ףһĬţȣҪȡ
ȸ
ף΢΢ۡ
СǰԽԽˣȻҵ棬ȥˣ
ף䵭Цһ֪ôĪӡ
ʦôģҪʦʦһȥɡ
һһ¡
ʲôף֪ġϾףô˼ỳĿģֻе㺦£ףǽӴĻһ챻ڻҡ
ԼԥأףѾѡˡ
߰ɣʦáףЦ
ôϡͿĴף䣬һȥ½Ϳ
½ͿϾǵõ˶ĵӣ˵ʲãǱΪŵӡ֮ǰŵʱҪ̫ˡ
һԼСԺӡ
ף䵽ʱ½Ϳӷڳ˺ͣ˽Ųһ²˹
ʦ㣬ףʦ֡½Ϳ
ôסĻϰ𣿡Цʵ
½Ϳ˵ͷҪлʦ㡣
ûȥȻҲûôš˵ʣҪźףȴп˵Ļɡ
ְ˰ڣЦЦСС¡
ǱǵĻǱ˳·ŵǸֻԭвһǲ뵽⣬꿴½ͿǶֻһķ𣿡
½Ϳ˵ͷûлĿġϾݣҪǱķְ취ˡ
ҪǣǱķ˵ûκã̬ȸҪһЩ
ֻǡ뵽Źʦľ棬½ͿЩɡ
һԵף俴̸ԭº͵ЦⶼûˡԼûע⵽½Ϳȷףԡ˵λʦֺȷĵһֱ
½Ϳ˿֪޾ֿ꣬˿䵭ף䣬ͻȻһ
òᡭףʦʦɣ
ԲŻô
ԹŹʦҲϲʦģʦԶһ㣿
ôţ½ͿԶЩĿһ˿ӡ
½Ϳ˵ȷǸܺõʦ㣬⣬һֻǡ뵽ǹŹʦأٿԲף䣬½ͿҲֻͬʮӡ
ûע⵽ԼǸͬˣϸǱķķȷһĹ½Ϳ˵ûʲôôķҲûκιϢ
ԭȥˣ
л㱵İķ½ͿҲû˼ٶʣôҴҵˡ
ף俴˿ҡҡλΣ·ܵʲôشıӰ䵭ĿһԵ½Ϳ
Ҫ˵Сͽɱ˰ɡ
СڣҲҪˡ
ҲûС߲ˣû˻Сˡ
½Ϳܸоߵλףʦϵ⽥ˣϰķɵƱǰҪǿڿѾҪƲסҪ̵ˡ
ףʦģ½Ϳףʦʦ˼
ף˶סˣϵҲֱɢ
˵Ļÿȴ·һ㶵Ŀ½Ϳ
㡭˵ʲôףɵʵ
½Ϳ֤ʦ֮ˣʦްֶģףʦַıǡ
ģҪʲô
ףĿĶ½Ϳһʵ˵Сꣿ
½ͿûӦֻǿĬϡ
ף˴סˡ
½ͿĿãûüڣǰͻȻʧȥףټ½Ϳ΢΢һ䣬˵ΪҲߣλףʦҲڰˡȻȥٵķʽȻ½Ϳо˼Ϥ
ǸŹʦʮơ

ףҪһ
ɽΪһֱûзħˣ䱸Ѿû֮ǰôˡ֮ǰΪսٵĵطҲѾ³ľףûͣԵߵʯڵλá
ʯֻЩҵĻۣʯǰĵӣҲԭĲݵ档
ף⣬ʯǰʯڿʼ
һμСߵġ
ʱʵֻЩ棬Ѿɱȴ»ˣȴǵԼɱʵǶᣬԼסЩ˵νһʼףǴɱһεġ
Ϊʲôı뷨أ
ΪɵģҪƭȥΪԺĻ⣿
ߡ
ףһʯǰ˺üʱһֱɫ΢΢˶Ϊûпڣһ˿˻ƣ
˫СĴӰ˳˶ˡ
ħôˣôͻȻһҪڻӣ
˫ΪԼù̾Ϣᡣ
أףʵ
ûԱߵħԭģ
˫вҵĺӵ˹ȥ
ףӹӣȴҲû򿪿ķңȴַǳҪȥꡣ
ãӸһɡ
ôţףֱʧ˫еǰֻʣ±ħѹһ亹˫Уһ
ףֱӳԺģɫѾܰˣڵĵȴšף룬ţ͵͵ĻһСʦã𣿡
ոմӴѹףһɫһ£ף俪ţСʦ֣ôʲô𣿡
ףԭҵڿ˲䣬ƽϹº͵Цû£Сʦͼ
ע⵽ףĺӡ
꿴ף΢΢һЦӷϣֻԼҲûĶĿҲЩ˹ȥ
һ˫ɫͫˡһصſںУԱߵĵǻЩ¶ȣǸողƿǶġ
˶סˣǡ
ȵȣⲻʧٵ𣿣
лҪ˵ŬָոIng

 42 

꿴ɫ, ˶ˡ
ǡȵȣԭǰɫ
ǾԲϴģϾһ
˵ʵҲͦҵ, ĸ˫, ԼǱǶ˼񵽵, һֱΪ޷Ϊǵ, ǿǿ
ڵ, ôףʦȥˣȾ˸ɫ
ףû뵽ĶȻôﵹҲЩȡһ˵Ҳһ, ƺ, 㽫, ͸Сʦˡ
ĬĿǰҲΪոƿǵԭĵһ۱, һֱڶĽ, ġ
žǣ, Ҷˣ
̾˿ֽǵһιߡ
ƵĵǶ˵ӪʳԭЩ¶ӦǺͷεľ飬鶼ƫ𣿣
ᡣ
ûע⵽֮Ĺգڿ˺þ, òЩ˿ǣֻӡǶ˵ûκζζ
ֻȻĲУǺעûҧֻ꣬ʣһʱͣ˳ԵĶָ⣬ȵһɿģŵͷǾ
ʳܴ󣬵ǵӪ㹻ȳԱһˡ
ԱʼÿԵ۽ǣһſһͳ˯ˡ
εӣһЩ
ûпڡ
ףʶƺЩˡ
ԴӼ֮󣬱һֱܳĬȻһֱιȴʼûʲôЦ⣬Ҳûп˵
ʲô
ףͻȻһ˿ɫĴۣöϣζĿ⡣
Сʦáô⸱飿ǲϲ𣿡ףʵ
ҡҡͷͷ˿̣ٿףĿһδ˴ͻɣףʦ֡Ǵõӵģ
ˣС߿϶ˣСʦֶˡ
ףŵòУȴº͵Цţֻһ˿ѹɫʡ
ϸĿף䣬Ȼôûа취ףﲻԡףһͨ·ˣû쳣츳ûҲûжߵΪֻһͨͨʦ֡
ڼҸһ
ףôΰΪվȴûйһֱ̬һֱܺá
һֱΪףǸˡ
ʧȴףˡ
챻ͷʸŪˣ򴽣Ǻֱ׵ʵʦǴõģ
ףһһ֮ǰļֵֹΪ˲㷴Ӧ⡣
ʱڴϣС߶Ǻ⣬Ϊ棬ԭ֪ʲôԲڿﱻķ֮󣬱ô졣
صźҲȥѯ½ͿΪԭ½Ϳˡ
Ȼ󣬾ʱСߣ²˵͸Сߵ
ף䣺
˵֪ʲôС߻


 43 

ףʦ֣׷ʵ
ף, ٵĿڵǴ˫еõġ
ҲѣֻáõЩͬˡ
˫С㶣뵽ǸڶУ˵ֵֹħߡ̲סü, ʵŸˣ
ף˵ͷ, ǰȥɽʱ, Ӿ, Ҿùˡ
ףĻʵû˵, ΪʲôȥɽôõӵġûϵԼܿԲǰ
Ǹ˫Уҧгݣ϶Ӹ͵ˣ
ʱΪ˫Ǳ˦, ҲûȥصȻ˵, 뵽Ӱ쵽ǵĻԵ뵽, ûڵĲУôҲû취ıʵ
˯ðģʼҧԼβͼ, ֻܰ·¡
Сʦû˰, ǸΪܸ, Сʦû˵ɡ굣ǵʵ
ף䵭ЦҡҡͷްƺھʲôԲδʹȫ
ʵ˫иҶħ֣˵ʹȫˣѹ˿ֿİѺӽף䡣
Ȼ
¡ǿ϶±߷ְ˲뵽һɣһ뻹ܷ߼, ̾˿׷˶ףĻɣʼĵҪô졣
ӹһٵף˿ֻǺܿһɻ͸
Ϊʲô֪Ǻһ
ҡ½ͿȥΪʲô뷨ڿκ½Ϳ˵ʱҲûʲô쳣
һЦеӡ
꿿½Ϳ鲻ãȴ񲻻Ϊ˵Ĺϵһ
ףֻϵԽԽ࣬ǰ϶ֱӰ˰ȥԼ֪ʵһڣף俴ﵣǣֻЦŰͷ
СеҲûʲô˴ˣͺá

ôòʼԼ֮·
ΪһҲ˷ֻܰںɽҺںɽûʲôȥҲһֱû˷֡
ҲΪĵһ۱رϲֻҪһʧﳬӣͻɿԼǻûС򣬿ʼˡ
ף䶼ʼڸԼôһ鷳ˣǰԵദòԼ⣬ʱʱ̶̿һݡ
˵̬Ⱥ˼ΪеģȻʶףԼų⡣һʼףͱ˵ͺ
üΣ³С硣
Ȼף˵ǻ˲Ѿûκ˴ȥսħϡֻǡףոճǱѾȥҵˡ
ףԭͳıӲıЦ⣬ֻЦôôŤ
˿ɽһֺı鿴ף䡣
˼֮ӦֻĹϵе
Ӧðɻ󣬰˵ԸºͲˣСʦҲǸĶŵӣôֻܻʼԸ
˵ȷԭ˵Ĳ̫һ
Ҳ֪ǲΪɫıԭӴһ˿ӣôһµʱ䣬ĻѾˡҴĴСжΧڲš
ҪҲûˣÿһѵίİԼһţɫ˫Ŀ㡣
걾Ǹӣôһ֮󣬸û취Ӳȥ
ĳΣ㱻緢֮ôȥˡ
ҪǣжΧԽԽƫƫֲϱˣһıˡ̾˿뵽ĸԭԽķ
Ҫɡףһ磬üͷûɿûסڵ
Ȼûʲô£ʵڲԸô
һĿ⿴ף䣬Сʦ֣
һ̺ãСʦñ𷢳ˡף΢΢ָüĻ㿴üĻüĶҪкۼˣͲƯˡ
Ŀף˫ۣ䲻Ŀʼ죬ϵ¶ҲһֱšؿڵͻȻͣһ£ȴԽԽ죬ͺëϪˮбǡ
桭֣ĿⲻһƮ
СʦҲûʲôΪʲôô죿
лҪ˵Ŭոqaq
³ȡټͣ
۸¶ٶٶϸ
ϸ񫡭

 44 


ˡ
Ȼ, ԼֻսԳˣײӣôĶӡ
ȻԼ֪ΪʲôԼҪôš
ף䲢ûȥ׷ϸȥ, ᷢħ˵ĶҲ͸¶һ˿ĺ졣
ʵȵ, ף
㲻ԸԼΪħ, ȻΪһССĶӶ졣
ôˣãȻĿıӰ, ߺĵ, ӶҪǰȥȴףһѾס˳
һ紵ĬĬĴ˸
áﲻ̫ԣ
ͷͼӱʵȻĳף, ף䲻һת, ͽԼһЦº͵Ѿ䵭, ƳĿ⣬ڿһһ㡣
һƤӣΡ
޵ĵ, һʼ֪, ǰ˲ǡĵһֱħЩ־, ¡һ˵Ӧĸס
ΪһΣŷף䲻䣬¶һ˿ħ
ҲΪʲô꿴ԭԸЩ̫һ
һһ, ףһȻֱӰֱӳˣԾ󻼣ôˣС߿϶Ҳˡ
ޡ
뵽⣬ףϵɱȥ
ӹһ٣һֱβͼķֻķ·ʪһ㣬˫ûˡ
ֻϧ⸱ӣֻһѹûͬĵħ
ףֽ⧲֮£ЩֱһͷڵϣҺ³򣬲סԼҲܣֻЩίίĿף䡣
ˡףԴһ˿ͷĿڣС겻ڣ⸱ûá
һ˵е鷳ϰصȴͣ˵޶ҪһЩֻЩڶϣȴ֪ôȥơ
ԲŻôƻ
ؼ䡭һ
ףãǿȸ֮ųԵ뷨
ôݣžûʲô⣬϶ôóԡ
߰ɣúùܹǶףһ䣬ֻоǰ·סһ㣬һһɽ֮С
ɽûһ˿ͫ΢΢ԼԼܿɽһǣȴɽȫòе¶Ⱥܵͣûһʹ˸ϲ¶ȷȥ
͵͵Ľһȴֻ˿յĻ

˻Ӧ

ɽ⣬ף俴ĵһСʯͷһ˿⡣ʯͷһƫƧĶõģʱʯͷǱֱӶڵϣһͨʯͷ
ھʱףܵʯͷ¶һ˿Ҳʯͷ
ʯͷûбرֻڲԼĿռ䣬ռȴףѵòһ˿Ȥ
Ϊռܹ൱ǿ𻵣ףħ˵ͨĿռܹɰ֮һѾܲˣȻռȴʮ֮һ
һռ䣬һԼ˵ʲˡȵʯͷѳӦҲܹԼˡ
ôţף佫ʯͷĿĴ֮ϡ
һʱ䣬ܻодɨӣ߼ӵҲԽԽ࣬ѾʼˡҲ֣ɱǸŮ˵ʱȷ嶯ˣȻħ˶Ͼ̫ԡ
ֻǡ㰴ͲסĻҪǰ뿪ˡ
ףôãȻԼĿĵģֻǶڵף˵Ǹ类ԺĿ꣬ҪҪô뿪ʱ򣬰һߡ
ףܳ??????? ??
Լ뿪Ȼǧַʽȫһۼ߷֡겻һΪߵСĵӣǼͽܶʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ǸصȻ뵽ڶʱ򣬳صȻĻɣףԽĲ͡
Ҫʱɱɣףţúõľһ¾ͺˡ
ԼȻûҪֱӰ

һ·ܻԼԺӣһ·ʲô˶ûע⡣ȻصڣΧûбˣų˿ֱԼȴֻоһ󳱺졣
̫ܵˣ
ţȴǰͨſϡ
Сʦ֡СʦֵʲôأͻȻôԼŻһûӦֱͼֱ۵¶ȸͷ£ȴֱҲʼ
ϵòŽһЩո侲Щſڴһ
˭˭һţʶվ
òСʦ׷˰ɣ
Сʦãôˣ⴫ɤĸƽĻҡ
ûû£Сʦֵ˿վţʦ֣ʲô𣿡
վ⣬ϵյɫټһֱº͵Ц⣬ҵүһ㡣ţĵǸոһ㣬ָ˳
㡭һ£ʵСʦ岻𣿡
һҡҡͷ⣺ûУʦΪʲôô˵
ĿϣĬ˼ӡ
ո·ֱ꣬ӽ˽סȻȴ·û㱣ͷҲصǰߡԭΪ۸ˣȻڿСʦõӣȴ΢΢һ
ȻڵϵȶȽȻȴɴһ˿ټüĿһ˿ɬԼ΢ҵķޡ
ɵӶܲ³ʲô
ŭԽ
ڲƺЩ꣬ãȻ̧ͷ
ѽغãȻԼСʦʲôԣһͿ̫˳۵ˣɾûôĹˡãĿԼ绺˻飬΢΢ЦЦû£ֻǸղżʦɫҴңΪʦʲô¡
͵һ٣ĿʶƮһ£Ϳæûû£ʦֲصġ
ôԼʦ֪ԼȻףһˡ
̫ˣ
СʦõķӦŭԽԽء
ˣʦʲô𣿡뵽ص㣬ʵ
һǿȽŭѹȥǹڱԵ¡
ÿ궼ٰһڴȣ嶼ɳԼµĵӲμӡֻȶھҲƵģ֮ǰΪʦֶѾľ磬һֱֿڣѾкüûܲμˡ
һΣôﵽ˴ȵҪܲμӱԣ˵һ¡
һ£ԭﵹǵȷ飬ֻǡԭǶĲŶԣôǵľ飿
ϸ룬ǵĽţǵСʦţǵľҪٱ
ô죿
Ѳʮħ֣Ҫȥǵλôħ𣿣
걻Լ뷨ŵôһ˵ȥħˣʮܴܲӮһħһأ
УðѾ
лҪ˵һ

 45 


ʲô
þò˵, ЩЩǵʵ
ع񣬳һ£ſʵʦ֣ʶ½Ϳʦ𣿡
΢΢˱, ȴǴһ˿οЦ⣺Ȼ, ½ʦȻ츳Щ, ȴǲģŬϽ, СʦǾ, ʦֿԡ
ȵȵȵȣۿĻʼһķƮȥ꼱æ, ʦ, ֻʡ½ʦδȻμ𣿡
һ, ȻμӣԲûƣֻǡ½ʦܱϾǸ, ³Ų֡
Ͼһոսŵ, 츳ٲ, ҲʱޣЩżĵžĲࡣڴȶÿɽ˵Դʱܹڴ϶ΣڵԴȻָ¡
£ÿµĵӶƴȫȻַܳˮ
嵹ǲ, Ͼһĸӣ͹ҪԴľ磬ԴȫǸСʦõġ
ҪСʦòμӱԣʵֻΪɽ֤ҲйСʦˣֹŬֿɰ
ôţϵıĪĴЩԺ
Ҳܲμӱԣ˿Ҳ˼ȥѯʹڱԵľϸڡ
Ŵȹ֣Եÿ궼һ˵һıԵǳգһ꼸еŵӶˣһŵӵ˵һ
λŵӣǰٲݷķ
ȻݲһÿĽȴǲģǰʮĵӶһǰĵӣһĵĻᡣ
ģãȻķһ䡣ʲô
ԭﲢûᵽģֻ˵ǻ˵һ֮ѡһڲͬˡ
ģ˼壬ġĲֻǿԼˣҲ͵¼ţǰ·ͷ̫ڹ֮ʧԼĿΪЩ˽󣬼ᶨġ
صȴȫǰĻסˣʲôʣҲ
˵ͷǿԣ鲻ԣ絣ǵôˣСʦáҲҪ𣿡
򴽣ȴǻҡҡͷûУֻǡЩ档
üһ˿ǡģԾǺģȴ϶˵籾׷ʣȴڿ˫ۺ󣬶ס˻
ԴǴδ֮ı仯ܴǰʲôҪֻ֣ҪϵĶͱҪ仯֮꣬ȴ൱ɷϵȫ
ȥȥһֱԼԺ
ڶı仯Ѿˣе˵ǵСʦѾˡ
Ĵţ硢صȻ֮ԱǣĻˣǷֲˣѵʦῴ𣿣
ֻĴԽԽ࣬ҲԽıꡣСˣҲʦһȥЩ˴һˡ
Ȼڸոգ翴Ĺ⡣
൱Ϥģ֮ǰܻǹɱõʲôĿ⡣
һ˲оԼǿǰСʦãֻϸȥǰָֻǸɵģ
ʦֻб𣿡ʵ
˼룬ҡҡͷվ߳˷䣬ֻڳ֮ﻹǷĲ£ûסعĿ꣺ʦʲôѴʦ˵ʦޣԻᾡȫʦá
վſڣĿ硣
ûд˿ǣȻҲֻ΢΢ЦЦʦ˵ʲôأʦʲôѴʦʦֻţû˸۸ʦá
š
СʦþͲĸֿڶͷˣֻ겻϶˵ҲԸȥǿҲֻܴһӵɻ뿪ȻתͷȥҴʦȥˡ
Ҳһͳ
ʦʦյĵһͽܣԽ̵൱ľÿδʦʲô£ȥʦ˵ʦʦıǴʦ֡
ǵڶͽܣû˽ͽߣϵİѶͽܾôԼĴͽܡʱĳصȻԼǸ꣬ѾòʼѧŸʦܽ
ȵñʦ֮߸涼ٳǰȥָˡ
ʵ˳˵걻ʦŵʱ򣬾͸ǳֻǳñԸͱȽѣҲ죬ټϳÿߵʱԸ¾ôˡ
ҲΪϰףϰÿн˵£ȥҴʦ֡
صȻ뻨壬ǻע⵽磬ȿڵʦܣôͻȻˣ
󣬲ЩɵİԼĵ˵ˡԣȴǿһ۳صȻȻԼδı΢΢
ԴϴδӶ֮󣬻Ǳ㷢ı仯Լδ涼ûˡüӰȵصȻһ֣ǸӰͲ֪㵽ȥˡ
𣬾ͻ˵ףһ
ô֮󣬳صȻѹͿʼԽԽ͡
һ룬ԼɽʦãɽĳСӹߵĻĬĬսޡ
ߡ
лҪ˵Ҹˣ

 46 

Ȼ, ûʲô֤ݣصȻֲ׷ʵӡۿ벻ʲôð취һԵĻǳſڣҪȥһ°ɣ
ϾŮܻŮ׽һЩ
һӦܾҪ˵˭, ˵ڶû˸ϵһϾǰ, ûҪųصȻ, Ȼ̲ˡ
ǳصȻûôɣֱӵ˵ͷˡ
ȻЩ, һʱ벻İ취, Ҳֻôˡ
Ȼһ쿪ʼֿʼչˡ
ǰαչزͬǣһαչأף䶼û취
µʱ, СԺ, ڰ, еľڸסһ˿һ¶
Σûȥ˼, Ҳֻʱ·ˡ
ףڱܾ֮, ȴǳû˵ʱ, ͵͵˽֮С
ͻȻʼչˣǰһ컹ڵһͻȻ˵Ҫչأ֮ôˡ
֪ԼͲȥˣ
ףûڵĲС
СԺ֮еİף֮󣬱ʧǰǰֻһ۷ѡףᳵ·ߵڣһ۾Ϳڱչꡣ
ڿ˲, ףĵĲ궯ôȥ˵ȷܾûΪϵħоˡ
ףȥκϢϢĿꡣ
δС߲ûʲô仯һ鶯ɵ˫Ŀţüͷ΢΢ţϵ΢Щȵ罣һԣħǰԼϢȫ
ףûע⵽罣עȫϣ²ϵȻǿࡣ
겻ڱչѾ׼Ҫͻˡ
ż£
Ҫ֪굱ͻƵڻİ£ǰǰҲŹ˲һʱˡһʱ䣬ҪͻƵڡ
ٶȣܶħ˶Ȳϡ
ϾħҪʲôԣֻҪϵɱ¾ͿԲϵͻơɣҪ֧֣Ҫԡ
ϵȻͻƻһ˿Ҳʱϵٸһµʱ䣬пܾͿͻƳɹ
Сߡ츳ôǿ
ףһʱЩԻˣϾ֮ǰ츳šôͻȻ츳ͱˡ
ѲƶΪһΣ츳ˣ

갲ںɫռȫ֮ǰ޴롣ռʼչ֮󣬾ͳˡһʼʱ껹ΪԼץסʶӦһʶռ䡣
Ȼ֪ΪʲôǺɫġ
֪ûΣգҲͲҪȥˡԺĽڱչ֮ǰѾˣͨû취ЩͨˣҲסġ
ôĵںɫռ֮Уʼȥͻƽڡ
Լڵһֱûʲôֻ֪ɣϵѾ쵽һ͵ĳ̶ȡΪ˵ҲûԼôҪͻƲԡ
ǲǻиʮͻƵ˶ɽڵô
ǰһͻƲͬһ׼ģҲΪǰһεľ飬Ҳûʲôŵĸоֻļ
ҪһͻƣڴϾͶһʤ㣬͡пܻǰ
ʲôûʲôȤҪõѵõһĵĻᡣһܹɽٳɹǲĿԻصʵ磬صԼļߡ
ɽ֮ԻؼңֻģģһоˣҪһ϶Ļش𡪡شûб˿Ը
ϢĶѻѾħǲܾп˶޷
ûʱȥˡ
ԡδһҪӮ
ףֻоԭǰƽͻȻǸоʲôһ㣬ʼ΢궯һ룬Ϳʼһֲٶȿʼš
ԭҪ²ܹѾˡ
ףһüĲ
ʿҪ츳ٺãҲҪϵĴԼۣһֻҪ߻ħʱ򣬲Ż֡
ףĿⰲϣǳɫ֮⣬ΧʼһЩɫĪЩϢΧϢתţʱ׼ע⣬ֱ塣
ЩɫϢħǰ
ЩϢڣᱻħȾ.ֻҪȻȴ꣬ͻһħޡ
ʱ򣬾Ҫ꣬һڵҲͬһħš
ֻҪʲôС߾ͻ᳹ħΪһħޣûܻסֻѡԼ뿪ԽС߷ħֻֻûʲô½ͿصȻ߰ǡ
뵽õδף䡭

ҧгݵģݺݵģȴޱȵĽָĶͷ
գۼ䣬ɫϢͱףץ˳궯ϢҲƽ
ûħѹƣϵˮɵĿʼͻƣҪͻƵҲʱˡ
ԼħǸɣ
ףɫںڵģϵħһھͽɫϢȥ
ԣħͿˣ
лҪ˵һ

 47 

ϵԽǿʢ, ףϵħﶺпܻᱻսȥֻܲ鲻ԸĳԺӡ
ףոڽ⣬ʹһ͵ʻ
ô⡣
ףĶ΢΢˶, ûֱӻͷ, ֱӶŽ緭˸ۡҲȥαװ, ôתˡ
ҲûʲôЦ, λһֱԼСʦõĳС, ûֱһȥѾǺкˡ
ʲôɵʵ
ף䵭Ŀһۣʦֲûʲôϵɣʦ, Ժӿɲ, ܵʲô
类ףһҭ, һʱҪ˵Щʲô
ĿɨȦף䣬ܸоԼǰλʦƺﲻԣȴƺֻԼĴ
ϾΪҪȳصȻһЩ, صȻҲֻǿǿףһ˿, Ȼܲ
ʦĵ, ΪĶʦ֣ȻҪһЩüףʦܻЩȥɡ
Сʦˣ
ףԣü롭ǣ껹Ǹҡ
žһֱӲؿڣؿڷ, ȴû취ȥ⣬Ϊף˵ʵ
֪ΪʲôԼСʦܶżҲɿľ뿪ˣǴʦֻʦܣΪԼЩãȻίԼǵСʦòˡ
Եģ֪ðʦܣ˿Сʦһ
ǣǲСʦÿҪٰ´ˡ
ٰʲôٰ죡
õͰ˸һ١
Ȼû֣ҲЩһЩСѵ׾Ȼҵ˵仰ȵȣ۾УĿףϡ
ղšСʦʲô
ףͷȻĵꡣ
䡪Ժߵһ˲䱻жϣֱֱڵϣ˾޴ĺڵϣһƬҳȴڳ˸ͱ
ףϵı䶼û䣬ı쳣ˬ
ûʸôСʦáһô䣬ǿˣûţһĶŵʦֻôʱ
ûʸ񣬿ɲܾġףĻܼ򵥣Ȼɱȴ㹻ˡ
绹˵϶ԼģȻڷСʦÿʼԼ鶼Լ˵֮ĵҲˡ
ôҲСǰƣĿףһֽۣ齣ģ齣ţ¶һ˿ɱôʲôô
ףϵħڸܵɱ˲䣬ҪֱӳǰĻɵ
Ȼף仹ǽԼħѹޱĿ磬Ȼﲢôһʿ꿴ƶ⼸ʦֲ׽ȴǵİΣ
ˡ
ףĬĬĴ˴Լɱѹȥ
ѹȥһ룬ף͸оһϢף΢΢һ䣬üĿ˲俴һ
Ϣ˲Զ
ûߵĵֻ˳ףĿ⣬ŷֲ֪ʱֵʦĬĬİֱСĽ齣˻ȥ
Ȼϱնϵľȴڸǲˡ
߱鲻ĿףһۣĿԼĶͽϣȥѵã췣
粻Ҷ໰ͷӦһǣʦ
ٶൢ飬һף䣬ת뿪ˡ
ȵֻʣߺףˣȴͻȻֻʣԺڵڲϵӿš߾ĿԼСͽͻƣȵƽŻڣոձһ˿ħ
ףζûɵվһԡ
ϸ쿴ŷСͽͻʱħļ󣬡ߺСͽϣЩף㹻˽⣬ᷢôһ죬˿ħȴˡ
ףûʲôӦ
ߵĿһۣһţħһ̶ȣ˵ħֹʿħ
ףЦתͷߣôħ޻Щôء
Ŀףϣɵ㣬Ȼôȥӣ˴̽޷κһ֤ݡ
ҡɵǸ˵ĻΪλһڣΪλߣ
ûκɡ
ȴɻף䣬оԼĻġ
ûб£ӱиˡף
ûпڣףת뿪
ߵʱ򣬻һĹף䣬תָޱɫֻԼҲԼѾѹסˣŴˡ
СߡԸ
ףЩ
ҹףһܵϽ±ߵʯڷ
ܵħϢ˫вò֣ڵϸħ밲ף䱾ڰȥȴͻȻ뵽Щ£ͻȻֱӣȵȣ㡭
˫е˲Ȼȵħ˶ãȻһ˲䡣
˫дĻһ֡
ף䱾Щ̫˵óڣ˫һûı飬Ļ˲Һã˫иܵħŭ˲ѻЩӸŵˡ
Сй˫пĿİͰ͵Ļص
ΪʲôħͻȻûйõˣ
ףŭԼ´˫С
۳ҲħǱȲԼˡףĿһ˿ͬ飬˫ãȻĶħĿ⣬֪ΪΣͻȻһҪ֤Լĳ嶯
أҲôħĻ˫еע˻
˫ԣ΢΢ͷ룬ȴǵ˵ͷҡҡͷҲɣѾҪˡ
ףüͷ𣬲⣺Ϊô˵
˫в֪Լôħ˵ģǻشΪʿǸħޡ
ʶʱ򣬲֪˴ݣʱΪ˵⣬˫пħһۣòݣҲδǰùκ
ǶΪ˴˲Ƿˣһֱĳһ⣬ŮʵɽĴӡ
Ȼأף̲ס׷ʡ
˫г˳ǣɽħǲݵУɽĴôܸһħһѡ˸ʱ֮󡭡뿪ˡ
ףֻãԼԭͲôõ飬Ӳˡ
⻹Ǹħ𣿣ӦֱӰ˹ջħ磬ʲôɽʲôʿֱֱħ޵ףҲ֪ԼΪʲôô˰֣ͷĵˣȥɡ
˫е͵Ӧһ뿪ȴֱףס
ɽĴӡǽɡףתʯڣǰħˡ
Ϊħ磬뿪ģףȴʲôû˵
˫дվãϢ뿪ˡ
ףڸо뿪󣬲Щ겻һǰʯϡʯ΢΢һ˿⣬ȴûгκѺۡ
Щ飬Խ궯ˡ
ħôˣ
ħ޾Ͳܸʿһ
ħ˭ҿ
ף䱩ĲУȴԾܹԼĵ׵ľħνĻΪһֱҸԼʵݣ
Ϊ£µС֪ʵħޡħ֮󣬿Ŀֺͷʧȥ꣬ʲô˵
ףĶǰʯڣϵħЩƲסӳԭȾЩɲԭڵ˫䣬Ҳʼ˸Щ⡣
СΪħ޶뿪Ļ
ʹˣֱӰ綼
лҪ˵

 48 


ߴӾѹ, Ө͸˫Įһ
Ǻɽķ
ڸոһ˲һθܵ˺ɽгħ
Ѿµĵڡ֪ٴˣҲһʼɻ뾯裬Į, Ѷħĸ֪ε
ܡ
̾˿, һ, һ̹˱ʧ˴֮С
ɽܼž, ֻżߺܿħĵط, ȴü΢΢ĿʯǰǸһӰϣһ˿衣
㡣

˰£Ŵӱչг, ʱ, ѾɹͻƵ˽ڡŵĵӶ, ϾôٶȣĳصȻȲϡ
Ǹո죬ͱһȥע
ŴҪʼˡ
ÿһεĴ, ֻںͽڵΪſԲμӡ
ȻŴ󲿷ֵĵӶǽ, ҲЩŵӽԪӤ, ϵΪֻʣЩ츳ãǸɽصĵӣܴﵽ
˵ĵطڣõε˻нڴȹУܹõκҩ, Ҳһ㡣
ȻԴӲ̣ĵҩķҪ׶ȥȡġڴ֮УֻҪܹѰ챦ġ
ֻȻû˻
ȻҲǽڣոͻû죬ںܶʲôڸ̾ͻȻӿ֮⣬Ҳδ
꣬½Ϳܵ˸˹ע
ûصĵڶ죬֪ҲͻˡһԵľͻƵ˽ڣ֮ǰͻƵġ
Լûô
ǿǣѡ֮ӣٶ˵ıԲֺô
֪ϢģȻף䡣ף俴ǰû꣬ϵЦͣסЩħħ϶ħ䡣
½ʦڿ϶ܶ˹עҪȥҲ̫ˡ̾˿Ȼ˵ûֱǴȵ뷨ܹùϵȻҲǲġ
ףʵ
ҡҡͷûʲôˣСʦҪμӴ𣿡
ףԣȴǷӦһ£һ¡עȫϣûע⵽ֵֹķΧ
Ӧáμӵġףһ¡
˵ܾöԼʦˣ˻һʦˡ
Ҳȣֻ̲סඣһ䣺ǡ½ʦܵģСʦֻǡҪСġ
Ҫ˾ˣǧ˲ȻתͷҪȥҳӡжڻҾΪһʱûסȥ;ˡ
ףע⵽ĵǣֻʵ벻ôһոյڵСӣܸԼʲôв
ոճص꣬ܿͱ߽˹ȥһͬȥģ罣
żУʵһֱûù罣
罣֮ͬ꣬ǰʵǲ罣ʡÿ罣ʣʵԼ
ڣͻƵڣҲǿаνʵˡ
˵֮ǰһֱҪ罣ǣϾǸԼôõ齣Ҳ˸顣һ߽ҲΪ罣
罣ϾϽ齣лнڣܹڴ֮ǰɹ罣ڴ֮Ҳϼʤ㡣
ɵӦ֮󣬴ߴµĽ׳˴꿴ԼĽʣҲֻ̾˿
ˡǶôණˣһѽӦҲûʲôϵ
㡭̾ʲô罣̾ΪԼ൱ʵ
򴽣˳һƺڡӦ罣Ķͷλãˣͳȥġ
Сʦá
عͷÿͳصȻлǸմӴ֮гһӦһܿһȦȷΧûбĵڣЦӦһʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ㡣
Ķûܶ˵Ŀ⣬صȻϢ˲ʧͳһԵ綼һ˿ˣСʦá
ʦʱ𣿡Цŵ˳Լδֱǰοһ£˵ɽº֣ƺ˼ʲôգҪҪһȥ
գգۣɵĿŻǣƴǵĻû˵ڣͿ΢΢һЦһֲֻۼһޡ
ǡв
˲ԭĻԹɵӦá
Цĵ˵ͷ
ҲȥûصȻܾĻᣬһ꣬һֱֻǣųصȻĿϣƽȴֳвζ𣿡
ǵЦ⽩ӲɵӦûûС
ˡʦÿ¡

ȵףѰʱ򣬾ֻʣһյԺӣһš
Ҹʦʦɽȥ棬ͻˡ
ףҧҧȴͻȻ뵽ʲô΢΢ü
˵û׼ҲǸᡣ
ףԭЩڵɫͻȻЩӰһȴҲʧϡ
лҪ˵Ӧûж

 49 


⻹, ڶɽһǸף档
һȣɽµ˶ࡣӶװһȦŽǰϲõϢ
൱ü˻·󣬾ͳɹĻȺС˵˵ĳ඼, İʵЩ, Ҳû̫ע⡣
졭ʲôգھ¥¥Ĵ, ¥¹ˣ̲סʵ
ԭΪֻͨףĽ, ȻڴһṤ, Ѿ˺ü´ӽ߹ǵŮҲһߴı顣
΢΢һһ£ſڣǡʲôɶ, ˵δ޻һĽա
ãȻգգ, Ӧ
ⲻǡŴϦ
û뵽Ҳֽ, ѵЩȤ¥ȥֻǿſţЩֵĸо
ͺˡڰ
ָоǿ, Ȼʶûзֵ, 껹ܹоɵĿ˿¥, ȴûзκοɵˣҲûڿ
ѲԼĴ
ɵջĿ⣬¶һ˿
Ǽ״ʵôˣʲô𣿡
򴽣ĿһڽɨûзκβԣҲֻЦҡҡͷûʲô, ʦ㡭
ЦҡҡͷָĴϣסĻһǽͺá
Ȼ⣬ǵʵЩǿʶľ͵˵ͷӦһáǽ㣿
ЦҪȥһͷȻָոͷϵһ˲䣬оһɺĶ⡣
Ƕԣֱ廨ǶȥǵĶҲ΢΢ͣһ˲뵽ոֵı飬סԼı飬ɵķңĿȴǲۼɨ
ŵƽʣûпκβԡ
ôˣȵջ֣Լߵʱ򣬳صȻһ䡣
Ȼǵʱͣٺ΢صȻע⵽һ˲Ĳԡ
ЦŶһ裬۾Ц˼ĵȻȴ˸ʦãҡпħˡ
Ƕ̫а񣬾ʿУ˿ҲħԶˡ
صȻ΢΢ü֪ΪΣǸ˵仰һ뵽ģȴǸܲԼСʦߵģλףʦܡ
ף䡣
뵽֣صȻ̲ס´˼ȡһͨͨŵӣȻҲǵСʦãصǡСʦþȻ
ףȷ֡
뵽ʦףݵĻɣصȻ΢Щء
Ǹ˵Ļ
͹٣Ĳˡ
С¼̲ȣ͵ͷȥˣ㶼̧ͷǡ
ѡҾ¥Ȼۣȴһʿ¥ڵĲȣҲרṩʿģеĲʽҲǴһ˿ġЩʳʿ˵ǲƷͨ˵ȴ൱ΣյĶǲСĳһھпܱ
ԴӽڿʼûԹʲôˡ
û취սڵʱŵͨʳζܿ죬һһĴ֮ͨʳУͱˡ
ЩķʳͬϷʳζѵøоһ˿⡣
ˣ԰ɡЦŵ
겻˼򴽣ɵӦһ
ϵĲʽҪ࣬صĵСһڣֻۻ۾һӾˡ
СèƵġ
ĬĬĽӲˡ
ָоǵĿ⣬һΣĿƺԶ
ͷװűеĻ裬ĿȴĬĬһɨ
һ£Ŀһˡ
һ÷ǳǳǳǳƯˡ
һʱˡ
ֻһͱȺû궼Լղǲۻˡ
ôʶ𣿡
ͻȻͣ¶ɻʵĿҲ˳ķ˹ȥȴûпκˡ
ûûСԥһ£ص
ֻ֮ԷʱЩ겻ģĿ̲סɨӡ
ǱųԷʱ򣬸̸һ̸ģǿصӣԥһ±ûڡ
˵һʼĺ꣬һŬֻŮӣʵǲϲοʦû£ԼδǰΣҪʲôﶼĺܡ
ϲʲôСˣϲصȻ˸Ƕ಻ʤƫƫֻһ꣬û취̡
ܡΪʱֻ꣬ǰѳصȻһ߰ɡ
ûϲƫƫҪװһõӡ
ڵͺܿɰˡ
ЦĿ꣬ԽԽϲ
һԵĳصȻǵһαԼδ޺ôãɨ˻һۣ̲סĿһͼ𻨴ǵע⡣
Ȼ˰ΣҲû
صȻ
ϱҪʦùˣô죿
лҪ˵һЩж

 50 


صȻʶô, ôûע⵽ԼδǵСεĲͷȴ̧Ե˱裬ݸ˳صȻ
صȻ˻һۣͷԹԵĺһڻ衣

Ɑ˳˳İѳصȻˡ
, Щ
һ͵͵˿صȻı, ̲סЦ
ȻϲζĴʦ, һ˳˳ĺˡ
ЦʵЩĿŵ粻Ŀһ۴ʦ, С꣺ôˣ
ʦֶŻֶ˶, ĬĬķĲ豭Ŀرģһۡ
豭䴦ϢӳһСƬ
ۿʦҪ߳ŭ, , ĸҸʦְʲô, æҡҡͷԹԵͷŶ
ϵĲȶ˵ʿ, ǳԶҲЩ鷳˵, ӦΪ͵Ե, һ¿ӵģȴ硣
ǻǣȵصȻҲͣ¶Ͼֻʣһ˻ڳš
һʼûע⵽ֵʱ˾ſӣЩεĿ˿ˣǲ𣿡
ЩŵĿ˿ϵĲ, ֿ˿꣺û𣿡
ãȻûôˡ
ǿһۣɫûʲô쳣΢΢ҡҡͷû£Ե㣬Щܺõġ
ɵĵ˵ͷ
һʳԹˣıҲһʼ𾪱ãȻ˵
ȵ¿ӣЦʵôԱ𣿡
գգۣɫ΢΢Щ죬ȫû뵽ԼȻôࡣ
˵ʵЩʱȫûʲôУȥĶܿͻ
ǵû̫࣬ϾصȻ˵ЩʳѾû̫ôҲ˵㡣ڵʿԳԶʳʵ̫
žòš
һڵʿܹһ̱ȪѾܲˣʳǺ趼ð⻨ƣЩʳѾһͨʿԳܵ
ͻƲ죬Լʦá츳ôǿ
صĸվϵЦȴһ˿㱡
һԵʵҲܲΪǸĿһγˡ
ʵ벻ףΪʲôҪԼĿԼûж⣬Լ͸¶һ˿ᡣ꼸ͼҳȴûɹЩ˻ǵע⡣
ҲˣͿɣûôܳԵģԿܱȽϺ档
˳˾¥㷢ֽϵƺһߣ鶼һ˿Ϸζ
򵥵˵Ƕȥֵġ
סһλ·ˣѯ䣬֪Ƿʲô
ԭһĴ壬ҪԼҵС˵λҲǳһңõŵôһŮԱĲУȻҲϰŮ޵˼ȥôһ취
껹ûŴıףһʱЩ棬ڴĻͷ˿ǡ̶̰գѾʶ˭Ǹˡ
ǶСһ񣬳ЦЦ߰ɣȥ
۾һȺҵԺȥЦĸεʦֶ顣

ڼһӰϢգۼ䣬˼ĿϣòһȺ֮С

ȥһ·ϣΧ˵Ҳǰ߰˰ˡ룬ڴ󲿷־¥ӪģһҲЩϵ
λСʵѾʮˣǵͣλҲͬ˵ΨһҪ󣬾λԺҪסҡ
ȻҲкܶ˲μεᵽף̫Ǯˡ
վҵĴʱҲôпġ
ǽҡ
Ƶլޡ
ǡƯĲ˵ˡ
ĿͻȻסˣֻһƯ˴ҵĴ˽ȥ
еھ¥ץǸ͵ˡ
Ҳμģ
ɵ̽̽ͷȴǰȺסߣÿ֮˾Ѿ֪ߵȥˡûҵˣ㰲ĸŻǽҡ
ѾһƬϲװΣ϶˴ɫϲ֣͵е󣬳ɶڵʱֱ顣Ժڵ˴Ŀ˵ĵλãѾúһ̨ڸ̨ΧڷŲٵΣ󲿷ֵĵطѾˡ
˸û˵Ľ䣬
ĴţĶдˡ
ӣǱֱԼȥתһתΪҲû˵
껶˳ȥ
Ȼһͷײһ˵Ļ
ǸǸ
æˣһߵǸһŶͷ
ֵֻǣĪĸһֺϤĸо
һ˿̧ͷ뿴Լײ˭
Ưˡ
ϤƯˡ
Ǹھ¥͵Ǹˣ
Ŀһӱˣԭĺ˲䱻ڸǣ˼´ӡ
ĺƯƯ֪ǸӣҲ̲סһƯֻеߣ̧ͷĿϵʱ򣬵һӦԼĲеۡ
ܿ죬Ŀͱӵסˡ
ӵ˫Ȼɫġ
ԭ˵ɫ˫
һʱǲãȻվǣ˻䡣
ƺûĵִϵı˵ܱ䣬ϵĿȴ͡£΢΢ָ귢ʱĶͷ
𣿡
·һ˲ĵһ㡣
һԺǶԭĻ
ħڴ֮ϣеɫ˫˸޵Ĺ⣬½ͿĶ⡣
ħ
лҪ˵꣺˵ֻ·ħ

 51 

ԼĹ滮ܼ, ʮ㹻磬ȵħֵʱҸû˵ĽȵǰħȻɽٷ
δ滮, ûкħһ
˶ɵ, Ŀħ, ûע⵽ӿ˵Ļͷϸоһ΢ħָڶͷỮ
òڿԼó԰ɣ
˲, , ŻŵĿڣҡҲóԵģ
䣬͵ͷɱܿȺû֪ܵȥˡ
ףĶĬĬĶסˡ
Сʲô, ѵԭģ˵
û, ֵֹƯ, ʵ͵͵ף䡣
Ǳ˱òħ
ħ˵أħ˲ûУ߾֮һףһ, ȻҪһò, һֱĲףʵò
, Żɽףšȣɫ/һꡣ
û취ۿԼҪò뿪һڣףȴ벻κΰ취ܹꡣ˵ʶֻһڵСʦ֡ף䡣
ʲôħ
ǼٵģǼٵ, ֻġħˣ֪ħ֣Ҳûš
£ףȻЩİ취
ȻôС߹ջħ
ףԭǴӪһԼɫѧʶԵ
ΪεĻᣬףǰĻһ飬ѡôһЩ˵ܲ׽Ůӵô 
ףͦãҲ뷨һͷײ
ôð鶼Ǵһײʼġ
ף䶼׼˺ü汾Ҫô˵꺦Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻ
ˡ
ӦѹףԤ֮УһʱûӦ
ҳô
ףЩ⣬һ˿ί
ССߵȥˣ

Ҳ֪Լġ
Լֱӱħˣһ·ֻͷǰܡȵͣʱ򣬾ͷΧһ˶ûУֻһãվ·ϡ
˵ǡģ
ãתתͼ˳Լʱ·ߣȻһ󣬲ΧûˣԼķ궼ֲˡ
ۿΧľɫһֱû仯һӦǣˣ·ˡ
ȵΧ˰ʶԡŷųʶȴԼ֪ʱѹܵͣ޷ǡ󷨣
ҾȻô󷨣
ĵһҲɱ
֮ǰһڵҩһϲͨڿ󷨣Ҳֻ֪ҪҵġʲôôңȴĲ֪
ۿŰ֪ܾô⣬ѡ˸򣬱һ·˳ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãǰԼԼ˵
㡭ң취
ǡ
Ҫ£һܴȥ
ûпˣֻ˵ԥԥŮһܼᶨģһЩӵ
ԭԶȻһ˲㿴ԼǰͻȻһӡ˵·һĴӰг˳ȻͿվһãȻꡣ
ӵıһȴǸһ˿ϲ⡣
㡭ֻﲻԣûܿڣͿоһֵľӣһ¡
ֻǰһڣʣµ¾ȫ֪ˡ

һߣף仹ԼҵСߡ
÷˵ķʽȥҡ
ϾҪݵģԾ㿴ǰһ˺ܲͷҲֱħɵףֻŲͷһԼҵСߡ
Ϊ±㷢֣ףħˣĻҵôꡣ
Сߵȥˣ
ףԽ꣬һ˲䣬ͻȻһ
Сߡˡ
лҪ˵Ҫʮ֮ǰᣡ

 52 

G, Сʦôû
΢΢üĿܿһȦûпǸϤӰ
ǵȺʱ䣬̨֮Ѿ, ̨ҲЩšɨ, ֻǸ̨ϵ˿ʮ, ɫ࣬Ӧĵҡ
ȻλҵСȴһֱû֡
Ҳûô򵥡
ָ, ȴ΢΢ü, ֣㲻Сʦõλá
˵ֻ㣬£λǿԵ, ȻȫӦλ, ͺʲô谭ʶ
, ЩȥΧһȦʱ򣬸̨ȴǻһˡ
˿˹ȥ, ȴЩŹ֡
Ǹ̨µ, Щӿ˵ǿ, ҲŽڵΪˡҾȻһʿΪ£ҲΪ򵥡
վڸ̨ϣ¿һȦĿʱ΢ͣ˼롣ֻ˶ϢȻҲʲôҲֻջĿ, Կʼˡ
ԵݷΪԣ䶷ԼСѡΡ
˶ԲûʲôȤȥҲûʲôͣżʿǰҲڵʿˡֻһֱû֣˱ҲЩء
ʱɧ
ΪԼСʦûˣº͵ЦѾ֣һͷȴûԼҹɵСʦãһܲϲӡ
ǲĳˣӦǵһμ棬ȴܸоԼĵףӲС
Լ衣
ɵĿһ۳صȻȴִʦֵıҲãĿǸϣüͷټ΢΢
Ӷ˵עӶ˲Զ˸ȥ˵Ҳ֣²ӣԭΧ˾ͶĪվԶλãһΧֻʣˡ
ԽעҲϡ
ףȻܲϵߣһƽô˵۾ˡֻҪǰӪһֱҲֻѹĵĲ͡
˵ȻҲûҵСȥˣֻѡ⼸
̨ϣڶ䶷ҲѾʤ߹ˣĸʿλΨһʿˣȴǻźɫĲϣģ
硣صȻͻȻڣĿǺϣһ˿
һǺһۣĿ΢΢һ
ȻӺ˵ϣħϢ
ע⵽㣬ȥ̨ˣᷢЩ˵ϣһ˿־ζ
ʦ֡͵͵Ľһ
صȻҡҡͷĿ⻺Ӻƿٵȵȡ
ԵһҪλСѡȻ˵ãҲûмλС̨һλ˼Ҵҵ֪λү˵ʲô
̨µ˿
˵λС㣬ʵϲ˵ġ
Ϊʲô
˵λС츳̫үͲ׼ԼŮ
Ȼ˵ʲôŮʵǽڡ
۷ʱ̨ڳһŮӡ
Ůɫ£ͷҲźɫĸͷģôүߡ̨µһӾͰλС㣬ˡ
ףɻĿŮӡ
֪ΪΣλСһֺϤĸоͺ񡭡ļ̲סͼʶȥһŮӵòȴ
ֻ˵ɻףɫǳ׵ĺˡ
һڶϤģĪףˣ̨ϵĺŮһ֣ףֱӾȷǸͷµ˾Ծꡣ
СҪǰ˰óף
ʲôЦ
ףȫûֱӰ˼
굽ڸʲô
ף˲һԣֱ˸̨֮ϡǸ̨ϵļ˼ף䣬ΪԷòһ£漴Ŀ
λʿѾ󡭡̨ϵͼף䡣
ףûֱһӣͽ˸Ʒڵء
ȵ˴ӵϻͷף˶ѾСǰˡ̨ôɧСȴĺܰûදһ¡
ף΢΢üֺԥľҪȡŮӵĺͷ
ס֣ĺ̲סһһɫϢֱף
ף㶼û㣬ħϣת˲ͱϵħ̳ԸɾǺͷҲףȡڸ̨֮ϵģȻꡣ
̨ɴ۾ԭϷ˼˲ûˡ
Сʦã˲˼顣
̨һţүָ꣬˰ʳ˭أ
ȻѾˣֻǰţʲôӦûС
Сʦãǡꣿѳ嵽˸̨ϣһ۾Ϳ֢״
ν꣬걻뿪Լ壬ʱ̫ãһ˵ʶкܴˡ״˵ı鶼һԵĳصȻҲѾͼѰꡣ
ոշųʶʱ򣬾ǰ˵͵˵һ䣬ҵˡ

εڵϣͷͷƯŵľӣ˶
ļֻͣڣ˵֮󣬱þһ¡˹ȥȵѹ˾Ѿˡ
˵Ӧʶ˾
ΧȫһƬֻͷһ龵ӣȻھϣǴ޻ϣһЧûС
ֻܵ𡭡̾˿֪ͲˡҲ֪ԼҪȥʲô֮ǰ˵ĶԻֻһ󲻰
òᡭҪȥóװɣ
ҲûпܣһҵСӻ飬ҲԼⲻײˡ
ôһ룬˶Ҫɵˡ
ʱԭİͻȻӿǾϵİ׹һֻǽڷִӾͷţֻáֿ찡

û˼̫ãҲ˲϶ʲôֹס˫֡ΣҪ뿪˵
ǰľɫ˸겻òۣΨһĸоĵһ˵֡ƺзӹƺָܵٵһ˹ȥ
һ˲ͷ·ڿ͵׹һ㣬ٿۣڴڵĴ
СʦãǶʦֹеҲϤҲܹһܵˡ
ֻһǵİǰϵ·Ҳ࣬㶼ǸһֱĶŵĶʦ֣֡ƺҪһͷȴڶĿ˲䣬˻ȥ
˵ʲôо򴽣Ŀ̲סһ㣬ȴֿվһԵĳصȻ
ȣصȻıҪ侲Ķ࣬û齣֣Ҳͱϵıƭȥˡ
ԼֻǸ͡
һֱЩʦǱܶģ˵ԭѹˣڵΪҲԭ࣬Ϊλʦദͱ˰ɱȴһֱżλʦ֡
ʵ˵ףҲΪ鷳ˡ
ûʦɻʧĿ⣬Ҳûע⵽ʦֵͳˬı飬Ȼֱһ̣еĿʼɣԼһֱǲˣ
Сʦãô˵һֱͷ겻ȡ
ع񣬶΢΢Цҡҡͷû£ʦ֡
һ£֪ôܸоЦǰ̫һ
һԼ壬ЩҲûб֢״˵ֱۣ΢΢ֱȵȣ󡭡
ͶǰصȻҲվǰҲǰԣ˭ãȻĻعͷһƯִżϤĿ
ħĿĮĴ£ϣ̲ס˸ּˡ
꣺
ؾ


 53 

ϧ, ʱ䲻ܵתСԸҲֻˡ
ӣôףĻҶһһСŭλ뵽ǿµĺ, ŵӡ
ħħúô, ǵ˶ɽȥ, ûʲô
꿴ףĿһ˿Թף俴ͷˮСڻ, ɵĴŵĸо̫, ףҲûЩСϸڡ
ϧƽͱˡ
һԵүɲô࣬ѹһץס, ʵŮأ
Ҫ֪, λڻһԻĶ, ڷŭĻһӲ
뵽⣬үıƲסľ֡
ع, һ, ˳үĶ, ֱӴħĻûǸĴУЩٶ۵ĴԲſʼת
·ףﲻˬүĿ˿ɱ
ͷ໰ܶ౧ԼСһأ
үĪĴ˸ãȻ̧ͷͿǺڲԶɭɭĿ
Ůѿຣ, үָлȻʱشֻ֪Ҳ࣬λС㣬ֻ
˵þһ£ιȥˣ׷ʵ
˵ͷ
麾૵ıЩɻ
ֻܹͿǿнģֻ֪麾Ȼ麾Ӧ¹Ŷԡ
¹գգۣ൱Ϥ
ЩӶĵ˵ͷν¹ʵǸħֻ̣ǲɱˣϲ任ŮӣȥΪԴװˡ
趨ôô˾СԺͷ۾ĵɴˡ
ԼΪʲôɺϤˣ¹ĹǡĿⲻƮüƺԻǿ˵¹൱ϲ
ԡ뵽ԼλδĶʦɩ¹ֻĬĬΪ
Ūأǵ𣿡ʵ
عϸһ£ǸˡҲͶʮģǰװ׾úˣ۽Ǻһ롣
ǿСƫƫע⵽ˡ
ǻûڣһԵףͻȻһڣװ׾
ᣬϸȴеĺ⡣
һܸоħ⼸˵ģͺǡװ֣ͿԳˡ
ħҲˡˡ
ô룬Ҳû̫ο
ףֵĲˬòǲ֪ĳСҪǿԼСҲ֪ôģһֱڶڶû
һ˵ħ˺
ǡܣүңĿǾ塣
ȻҲ֪ԼŮ˼ֻǳļ壬ĸ֮ý֮ԣǱӵģû뵽ԼһɵŮΪǸûõСӻ顣
үô찡һԵͷүʴӵʵ
ӦûûԶȥȥ׷̶̼֣үȴ˵ĺ񴭲
겻ĿүֻЩ̫ŹˣԼŮӻ飬үıͺǡҪһ㡣
ðɣСʵ
үû˼һСʻĿƵƵĿǺˣΨֱӱŭ֮£˶ɱɾ
ֵֻǣǺ˵ıȻѿһ˿⡣
⡭үСĿڣλʿҪ˰ɣ
ΪΣ˻ƵԺƮǺɳһϲ
үһ⣬ûҵ
ǾôֱӴĻЦ£ȴǿꡣŮˣǾ˴ˡ
Ȼһ¯ĺòϣǰϵҪǸ˻Ҫӯ˸õѡ񣬺Ȼԭ𰿴ˡ
ӣͺֻǸˡ
û˵ʲôһԵĳصȻ齣Ȼʣֱ˵Ĳϣ
һħ壬ȻҪȢСʦã
оصȻϵԭڵ飬һЩû뵽Ȼһڵġ
һһΧ˶ЩȻϾ⸽ţһˡֻЩͨ˵ļʶȴǸʲô
ֻǡȥˣƾɻס˵
ԭں˲ߵĵ΢΢£㱻ϵħֱӵصȻüͷ΢΢𣬱һ˿ء
ǺˣҲ껤ʵ
˻ƵЦ͵͵˵֣ħ
꣺
ף䣺
ȵȣ˵˭û塣
лҪ˵flagһ
=-=
Ҫʮ֮ǰᣡ

 54 


̨֮, ȻһƬž
ͨҲħζʲôֻ֪ħմϹϵģʲô¡Ȼʿ˵ħǳҵĴս, Լǧĺڰʱڡ
Ե˵ħʱ, صȻı鶼
ֻ
˵, ŲħСš
Ȼԭû˵ħʲô۾ɫǺȷָ, ǶһҾ޷ֺŵġ
Ŀһ桤ħ, ȴֶԷȻȫûǸðƻĿȻԼϣ̲סصȻ˶㡣
ˣĲóԣ
ĻᣬףҲֻЩ΢졣ֻĿո, ͱ¸ȥע
˵, С߸ճصĿôʲô
˼ħͷס, Цıһ˿ѣô, С, ԹԸ, Щʦ֣ɾҪЩͷˡ
缸ɫ̫ÿ綼Ѿ׼ҪȣһԼСʦȴȫƵվǣڿϷһ
꿴źˣ顭൱ˡ
ܲô, ħɾԱءͲˣ˵ԼðԼͷħס
ħȻ̲ס
ףɱѾƲסˣֻŭĲԼͷðãǾȻ˸ҴСߵ⡭ôһ룬ף˶ȥιħȮ
⡭ү˿ˣֿ˿ߵļˣĬĬı졣
Щ˶ܵġ
ǲײĲˡñ̹ǣϵħҲʼӿħڿն𣬳˸̨ܣȺʧɢӴܣһᱻħɡ
ǵصħ˲佫ݻһգں۳һֻħûɵħޡҲΪѪԭ򣬼ħ޵״
ȥɱǡ
ħ޵ͺųˡȻּβ˺
˴룬ŷӦŭĳħ޵ͺ𣺡ʲôȥǳԵ
ߡףвĿ⻺ħƿǺϡ
ĵĪĸһ㺮⣬ͺıܣھ˺Σա
ʲôˣ˲Ҵ⣬ħۼǰ˶ס
ף΢΢ü˶ûܿĶһѾǺ˵ֻ˵һ仰ֻ˺ǾֵĿ⣬Լת˲㱻ħ
ϣ˱֮ػ뷨ûУͷֱӻɺҪߡ
׷׷С
׷ĺǣһ
ȻϧǣףȴֻվſǺߣû׷˼
ˣϵħҲʧһɶ˸̨ܵһƬǽ壬ոճһħӡ
˵ʲôףҲûʲôøУҲû̫Ѻá
ףⶼûһ㣬Ҫ֪ĳ½Ϳˡ
Ӧ˵ÿߵ̫ӣᡣ
ӵ΢䣬ܾ꣬ҪһԲϾͰνˡ
ꡭ֣ף俴ꡣ
ףϵĿʵȫûΣװҲܡҲŭλֵֹħֻһֻ¶СԴʵšʲô𣿡
ף䱻ʵһȴͻȻ˸˵ʲôЩŮôʼġףϸ룬ȴֻǵúŮײӻ֮ŮӻܺߵӵǸ˳Ʊ֪ʶ
ԣ
ףֱ׳Ŀ꣬ѵղײҡ
꣺
ˣħò˰ɣҲ̫ǳ˰ɣײһ
ԡԲ𡣡СǸԭ¶İСԴҲˢ˻ȥ
ףãȻΪʲôԼСߵıЩ˵ĺ̫һ
һԵԼСʦñ۸ǲ΢΢һĿף䣺ôжҪһСƽ
ףһϣһθֳãȻ޴ӡҪ˵ЩʲôȻȴѾ󣬲ϳˡ
ˡףֱӽԼôˣСǾԲԭԼġ
һףﲻˬҲ뿪ȻԼСʦñ۸վǴ粽ã֮ѹԽԽͣ궼ʶղˡ
⡭Сġͺ̽Ѱδ֪һ㣬ʱ׼ȥСԴħķһۡһۣȴһ¡
ħί
ûιèʱҸһֻܸĺèιãҲֻÿֻ֣èŻ᲻֪
Ȼһ죬һֻƯССֹɣʵҲǱ£˳ιֻСɡһͷʱ򣬾ͿֻèڲԶĿ
ȻֻèûըëҲûвĵУȴܸоίˡΪ˱èģȴΪԼûʸֻĬĬί
ڡ
ħıֻèغˣ
궶˶ƴĻ˻ԼԴͼҡγԼԴ
СʦãĶ̫Ҳòعͷ
궯ס򴽣̧ۿħһۣ̽ԵĿڣǸлл㣬Ǹˡ
̶һ仰˶Ŀԭϵĺ˲俪ʼڣȻ黹ǺĮȴ˸еΣա
ףסԼҪСЦó嶯΢΢˵ͷ
ֻȴ͸¶һ˿ȸԾ
ֻèĺ񰡡̲סп֪ʵħǰȥͷˡ
ǡҽ꣬ʲôأħƺûжֵ˼Ŵվһ˿ʵ
ף͵ؽסˡ
ף֣ʱ˵Լף䣬ֱӸͳصȻһףȷ⡣ڻûܵõΣû취ֱӴߡʱ򱻰ףǿɾǺѼԼСˡ
ȥƭ꣬ҲԸ⡣
£ֻһ취ˡ
СžͿˡףǿߵĳ嶯
ãȻգգۣظƣ
ħ˵֣ôɿɰ𣿣
лҪ˵ÿflagڶҪţ

 55 

ȻЩ, ףҲ˳µĸߡ
뿪үȻҲҪΡΡף䣬Ҫȷ˲ףд, ȻƺҲ, ף󷢴ȱĶүһ䡣
, زˡ
һ֪ݵˣףȻһᡣ˱ף˵һ˲, ףϵħѾǱ, ʱ䣬ӦѾӳˡ
ǡҲñħˡ
ɸɾһۼ
ףı֤ү˲һڵ, ͷ, ȴ뵽ԼŮѾ֪, һݡ
ֻ£Ǳﲻʲôæˡ
ϸĸүѯӵȻүʵҲ˽, ֻ֪˻ЩĹ, Ϊ, һʼʱǰ״̬Ǻ˿һת
ү˵ⰢΪߣûȨƣҲǮӣ岻ã䲻ԼҵŮ
Ȼ, Сˡ
ү·һ˲˼ʮ꣬˷֮󣬻˸̨
˳ţҪҪæʱһԵȴǼҴҵĳ˽ûܵүߣͿںүүСˣ
һ㶣ȥͿһǳɫȹŮӣŲҴҵ˹
үԭҪ˷Ųǿ߶һԼұŮҲ˷ˣŲܵķɿ졣
СַסүԭͿ޺۾̲סʼ⡣
ԣԣû£ѾˣҲǿˡү
һӳĬ˹
үҲӣĬ룬̾ϢһˣҲˡ
ֻҪŮڣ츳ãûȨΡ
⸱Ůĺг棬ҲࡣǱߵİܰ𰣬Ŀһת꣬΢΢һ㶣ЩΡ
ϾոߣЩ경վ
ӣͷ˵䣬߹
굹ǻЦģϾԼҲûܵʲôʵ˺ֻǱĪһѣԲû̫ӡȻˣȴǱһһѿ
ףϵɱʼⲻϵɢˡ
ܶ˿Ҫɱ˵Ŀ⣬վǰԲ𣡡
뿪ڣЦĿڣʲôõǸģǰ麾Ҳ𣬱ɵӶѡ
ӵɫΣæ͵ûУǣʱֻһʱ鼱ҡǲ麾ֻǸðģҲ͹ظʱͻԶ˷ųˡ
ôʱͿˣ궼þûôֲĶʦ֣һԲҿڡ
Ӷ˶٣ͷСһ䣺ҵĴ
꿴˿ӣֿ˿磬СͼԼҶʦ֣ʦ֣ˣⲻû¡
㣡ȫûʶԣĲУã麾ǲڵĻġġ
ӣĸ˵
᲻ڡһһֱĬף䣬ȴͻȻڣĪ˵һ䡣
ֻѵͷת򣬸ûʶ仰ʲô˼ֻʶĵ˵ͷֺõⲻǡʦǶ
˺ˡεİסߵ磬ĿסҲҪĳصȻôһаƵӻ㹻ǡȵȣǾô£
ֻǰƲ֪óӣţŰܵĿⲢơ
ôҲʱ±ˡףü
ĿȴǾ㵵Ǿϣ⡭麾麾
ľȻǼٵģҲ֤麾
ף俴һľӣ֪ǰɡ
˺ˣǳױˣǾ¾ˣ
ף䶯û
һԵۿŻҲҪŭĶħ֣Ҳ˲϶ħĿ־壬æקקħ䡣
ף俴һۣ鲻ԸİѾ
ǵ˰컨ǣ̨ûܵڶΡ
ҪرšǱ࣬Ÿħ壬Ǻص£ڽл㱨
Ȼ飬ϾħҪҪĶࡣȻףɲԸ⣬òײŸСߴϻôܾôߡֻûڣһ£һħȴϢճ˻ǵ䡣
ħѾܵˣ㱨ĻֻҪȥһ˾ͺˡǱãȻһ˲ֿڵ
겻ĿһۻǣȻЩֻͻȻĿڣǹɵĵ˵ͷ
һȥɡԸ¡
ϾħԱأڷǳȥһǣԼġ
⡭ԥһ£ͬ⣬ȴǸоԼֻһ£ĻƺƯĻЩϧˡ
һûӦȴһԵЦźȣǻһȥɡ
ЩûʲôȤôʦСʦȥãдʦֿ԰æտֻǡ翴ףһۣȻûϷɵ㣬ܶϲ
Ӧò°ɡдʦء
ôţûȻٿڷԣѾ齣Ѿʧǰ
⡭оԼֻǻθѾˡ
һԵĳصȻĿףɨǺɡ
ף䵭վţʵҲûʲôֻ˻ڿƵĿˡ
뿪ʣĸĬƬ̣ôĽˡ
ףĿ꣬ȻദĻᡣꡭħЩ£ĸҿڰħܡڻǺͳصȻȴΪǾлȻʶǰԼСʦõľˡ
Ͼӿ̨ϵСʦãȵʶСʦó£ҪȥСʦõĻпѾˡ
G˵Ϊʲǫ̂ܿϵˣСʦã
һĿ̲סǰڿֱˣˡֻͨˣСʦÿĽζӾȻҲĵš
ԶԶȥȻҲǰ䡣
ˣòǿԼСʦ˰ɡ
һӻȻһԱ߻ûĳصȻֿ˿Զ֪˵ʲôЦһõ꣬ûԼδ
Լ̳ˣҪܵġ

껹û뵽ħȻġ
Ϊħֳر̣Ը飬һԲϾɱ˾ˣָ˷֮һƬ˼
ȻʵϵħȴǸСɧ
ûԸ㣬ȴӲŲ˵ˣܺ棬ĿⶼƮȥˣȴ֮󣬻һΪѣֻΪģ
Ҫ֪һʼŵòУһħĿ⣬ͿʼԾķʡԼûΨħһ
ȻڡһħֿԼεĿһܣĿڲԶһ̯
С㣬㿴㿴̯ϰֻǸͨˣ괩ľ£Ҷ˵
Ŀڻ̯һһɨָ⻺ĻһһĶʶȴʱ̹עһħı顣ȵħü΢΢һ¡Ǻ΢ĶջʶĿ⿴Լ¡
ǡɵİµƷɻ﷭˷ǡʲô
еֻ滹ЩɢɢСǿͦµġ
СϲߣСԸеСһһϲɹĿڡ
СӡСûУӵһҲҵġһװʲôҲûֱ˰ԼİȵԶ֮Žİݸħ
ħû˼
ǿЦ⣬ϰѰħԼȴתЦļǰߡ
ףԼİԼ˵ĶֱӻٵȻһ뵽ġף䲻ɫĿһۣûע⵽ԼޱİѰ
ʶһĻЦʵ̲ס
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǰħƿħ֮Ȼȴô᲻ģħһֺϤĸо
ͺ񡭡ħһ㡣
ôܡʧЦҡҡͷħ˳ڣûע⵽ͫɫҲǲᱻӵĴڡֻҪԲǵġ
ֻȻô룬ףϵĿ⣬ȴ̲סʧ
ֻǿεĻƺһϤֻô벻
ף䱻˼Ŀ⿴ģ̲סЩɫĴԼһȷԼûκܱ¶ĵط̧ͷӹȥôˣ
һӻع񣬸ոָоһʧˣҡҡͷû£߰ɡ
󣬻ҲѵøصȻţϾһŵŮһĴʦ֣̫Ҫȥæ
˾ôԾطֳ飬ȵɫʼˣܵĽַʼ𻨵ƣ˲ע⵽ʱѾˡ
ƵĻӦǱߡǿ˿ܣ˳·ߣӦǹ˺Ӿˡ
˵ͷ˳Ǹ򿴹ȥѾܿһƬɫĵƺΧҲһһԵģ˳ӱȥ
ҲȥɡЦ
ֻû뵽ǣΧŮŮʵ̫࣬˸ȺûãͱȺɢˡħҲҪɢֻЩһħı飬ͱʶˡ
걻Ⱥͷתһ·˵··ߵĴ£һԵħ
ʦء̽ͷȺ￴ֻҲʵ̫ˣʶҲҲˡ
ħȻҵǼˣֻԼ˽ĿɲԸţ㰲վһԣװԼǸ
̽ͷãҲûǺͳصȻҲֻܷ
ֻԱֻʣħһˣѵҪħҪҪȥƣ
ĬĬĴ˸
Ҳˡ̾˿ɲħԸһСȥĵĶôţ׼תͷߣȻо䱻һ¡
ãȻĻعͷħôˣ
ƣô
ħ䵭ģͺֻһ䡣ͷȴȻͣ
ɫѾˣȻƻͨȻһߵµƹȴɺܰĻ谵£ħӰڰӰѾģֻԼԼĿħΡ
ҲΪûòӰ죬ôôãħκһ˺
Сʦ֣
лҪ˵ڸˣ

 56 

, ķ·ֻǷȻף˵ȴըһ㡣ħȫƾ̱ûֱӱ¶ĵ׵ľκˡ
ֻôҲ벻, ΪʲôС߻ͻȻԼ֡
ѵԼ¶ˣ
ף䲻ɫǰ, µӰ˳Ȼܿò֮, ֹغϸĪʧˡãȻվԭأһʱԭҪ˵Ļ
ôˣħں, Ϥȴֿʼ֡
ϸϸ, ħãŻҡҡͷ
û£ҿˡʧЦҡҡͷ
ôأףСʦ, Сʦô, ô, ħȻӡܺã껹ɼǵãħ˽, 缸ȫʵ
Ըͬ, ôܻͬһˣԼ˵, Ҳˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡תʵ
ףۣƺĶԼݲɣ˿꾿ΪͻȻԼΪβԼףȴʶҶʣֻ˵ͷ޷
ҲʱЩ˵ԭ, ϵ˿ʼˣȥӱߵﲻ
ħȺУΧԶһһԵŮŮһʱЩΡҪǣЩ˷ħ겢ûп̫ȻΪ̫ɬƵƵ͵Ц
ٿһħˣ
굣ĵĲУסĿħȴħıȻûеŭһ˿ãһԻ󣬰벻ͨʲôħ˵¡
ֻûע⵽Ϊ̫עħĿѾħûˡ˵λãҲһʼЩ뵽ڣѾʶĸħֻҪһ־ħ䡣
ѾܵˣŻеľˡ
ףʾ⡣
磬仨ɣ
ãȻʱ򣬲֪һСһСħʵ
ع񣬵ͷǸСͯ
С￴Ҳ߰꣬ǳðװ׾ģĻ࿪ƯƯĻһע⵽Χˣ󲿷ﶼŻġ
Щ˶Ƿޣˣħֲǣ
ȻħҲסˡ
⡭
һæûû£СӲ
˵ţϸ˿ЩСЦЦ粻ǡֹϵСõĻƯһ͸Լ𣿡
ɡԡ
С￴ˣǰ˻֣Żع񣬴˵㣬Ưѽ
걻һ㶣򴽣Ц⡣
ôƯСͷĻֻĸ䲻ϣӣȴǰѻһӽ꣬ȴ㣬һ£ϻ
G껹ûӦСѾƾСƣȺȥҪˡ
걧ŻãȻվԭء
һĪʸħĬĬʧǹʧѹʵ̫ˣ궼û취ϴֻȴ벻ףħôͻȻͿʼˡ
һãȻһίģվ˳УһԳ˵һ㡣
Χ·̲ס˹˹˹ҪȰȰܡֻ˿˿˵ı飬һʱҲЩԻ
ŮίкӲãȻôǷġ
˳һ£ԭȰӵĻĬĬȥȴתͷһԵ꣺Լķƽϣ˹ҪǫãԷˣƢǸϸ͹ȥˡ
꣺
ķ
ף䣺
˭ˣƢ
Ȼô仰ͷ·𹦳˰㣬ĵʧȺʣףһ±ƵĶӡ
εģ˶֪˵ʲôʱһǡ
㣬㡣СҲ֪ȥˣԭɸɾȹ϶մ˳ҲմЩСϧһ仨
С￴ĺϲ仨һ˹һ
óСĵİСձߵĳɾſǶ仨ֻǻǵһɫͺǱȾһ㣬һȦһȦڻǻϵɫƺҹģڻ谵ҹɫҲ
ǡϾʶ٣ֻǾ⻨ƯףȴüĿ⿴һһСһۡ
⻨˵Ҳ󣬵˵ʵҲֻܳħħһֺͨĻֻħ൱ѷħֻȴħԣ
㣬͸㡣СｫСķģﻹЩ᲻á
Ȼ֪⾿ʲôȴҲ֪С˵ˡͷ룬ȴͻȻסȭͷСǰҲһ仨òã
Сɻ̧ͷͿĻɿһûɵĻſ΢⣬˵۾СﾪϲĿǶ仨СĽ˹
ƯС黨Ǿޡ
ЦĿСŻʵ黨ֹǺÿᱣһСۿСһֿŻһһ뿪ˣվ˿Ļ
⻨ԺͻȻһͷֱ֣ݵħǰ͸ˡ
˵ʻôħҲˡ
ħͷǰĻĬˡ
侲ҲĬˡ
ȵȣҸղ˵ʲô
лҪ˵ʮ= =ҵüӸ

 57 


εĲ, ʶľѻջȻҪ֣Ǳߵħȴǽӹ˻Ķ΢΢һ٣, Żɿ֡
ף俴˿Ļ, ȴʲôû˵, ֱӽ
˵ʲôѵ˵һл佱
˸ҽ, ѾԿ, ô˵ĻףȻ̫ԸϣﻹǺġ
꿴ħĶξȻЩ
˳˳, ҲǺӡӱߵѾûһʼô, ϸ, ᷢںڰĽ˵Ļ˻߷ޡ
ǺѾǻƣԶԶĿȥ, һɫĺӡ
վںӱߵ, ࿴, һͷͷħ֪ȥˡ
Ҫߣ
һͷûߣô˵Ƕħ֮Ȼ޺û׼ľ仰ǵˣпܱһˡ
Ȼô, ȴɾվǡҪ˵ΪʲôԼҲ˵ΪħҪƵ񣬿̫ڴ˰ɡôţһֱħֲ֪ðŷ¸ӵ˼
㡭걾һȥˣȻĿħ֮󣬾֪ԼҪˡ
ħϣյɫĻơ
⻨ƺͺĻЩͬƺҪӾһЩڻĺҪһЩеѪ
һħݣԼ²ˡ
ħеһյƣݸꡣ
û֣⻨ֻͨĻƣ˵ûʲôص⻨ԿǷô˵ҲǸ֮ģô̫˷˰ɣ
ӦʶʲôħܵĽֱӵݵ̵Ľһ䣺񡣡
һ£ŷӦħ˵Ƕ仨ͷ˿Ļƣûеı䣬һůĴͺħһģǴĵָȴҲȵġ
˵֮ǰħѵʱħĻҲůůϤĴ
ûپܾŻƸħߵ˺ӱߡֻĻƶڻλƵ˳źӱƮţÿϻûʶ͵ǵͷ˿ԼĵĻƣȻҲһſհ׵Ļ㡣
ûбʵĻոͷһԵħڡ
Ϳԡ
˵꣬ˣµĿռ䵥ꡣ
Żƣ·˻ʵҪ˵ҲûʲôرԸϾСʦãҪʲôֻҪһڣͻ͵ϡ
Ȼ꿴ԼĻã̧һ֡
߰ɡͷħЦЦȥŻơ
ף˵ͷȻЩдʲôȴҲû͵굹ǿϵĻҲдЩ֣ûϸƿߡ
ߵӱߣ˸ٵĵطŽеĻƷˮϡƻλƵˮƯһȦҲ˳źƮȥûþ͸Ļƻһ
˵ĻɣϵԸæʵ𣿡꿴ǽʧںͷĻƣͻȻʵ
ףһĿϡϵı黹ЦףȴͻȻһ˿ܸоʲô֪ڸı䡣
ҲֻǸпһ䣬ͻعЦҡҡͷҪʵ֣ҪԼŬС
ףüʲôƿصĸоܲϰߣſڣҪȥԸɫȴͻȻ˱䡣
ౡ
΢һǲϸǴ
һ£ɵĿ˿ܡôĽӦСʦ֮ǰȥʹΣСʦҲֻ˵ѧϰ
ѲСʦ͵ܳˣ
ôһ룬żЩҲûע⵽һԵħ飬Ҫš
ףļǱģȻʱ׼ˣ֮ǰʱŬأôôҪˡ
ƫƫʱ
ۿƺĴѰʲô꿴ݾԾͻᱻ귢ˡ
ףȴһѹʯͷеʱˣɡ
갡һãȻ̧ͷ
ףɵ֣ԥһ£ͷϤķףĲƽЩŵɫҲЩ̫˲ȫЩȥ
˵ͷĿħôʧҹɫ
ߡˣģ
һֱħĲûܷӦ
˵ħֵĪ뿪ҲĪʲôˣܲΪ˷Ÿưɡ
ͷԡ
˵ģħıӰҲĺϤϤģ·˼ǧһ㡣

һߣףһ·˳⣬ͣһǿʯͷֳġֻǺ֮ǰͬԭƽƽʯͷȴڲϵðźɫϢ
ЩɫϢϵĴʯͷƺҪףϵħ໥ںϡ
ףü΢΢𣬵ЩɻҪ֪Ȼħ֮յĶħÿ˵ħԴҲͬɢħȻϵħȫͬ
ֻһֿܲŻ֣Ǿ̡
ϱû׷أôܾˡ
һţףޱĿǰʯͷ鿪һźгת˲㽫ΧոǡҺϣֻܿšֻΧħʵŨôȥһͻҪնħˡ
ħף
Ȼźûд˼ЩЩЩҾͲôļơ
Ȼף֪Լô졣
ͷ͵İϵħһ߿ŴһίĿף䣬أǴ󻵵ҲҪ㣬Ҫס
ףЩȣû뵽Ȼܿ˵֮ǰǺߺģף仹ΪҪȻ֮ԡȻĻ֮ףȴְԼǰ
һʱ䲻ѾǸճʱСˣͷ֮ǰ֮࣬ǰЩҲ׳ЩצϵצҲʼ⡣ףɣһצȥһֱӱϡ
ףûʲôвԡ
˵ʲôţף鲻̫Ѻãɭɭʵ
ŵһίĲУҡҡ
ΪʲôҪôף
ԽԽίԽίԽޣ۵һֱӾͿ޳һ߿һίķźݻҡҲϲϲˣء
ֻټΪ˵ҲЩĿİͰͣƶûС
ȻôûƵһ仰ȴǰףô˴βŷӦû˳СĶԶֲֲҿ
ףعĬĬһôôһڿȻеɰϾһԺҲôġ
šҪǣϲƺ


 58 

, ˣȥףԼ³ƺӦķɿ죬̬ȶúࡣ
ãȻۣ̽Ŵף, û㶮λϲŭ޳ĵ, ΪʲôͻȻָˡ
桭𣿡ʵ
ף΢΢һЦ, ҼᶨĥͰŶ
˸ٶ, ĬĬȳ, ɵףļϡ
ףȻЩͷûȥֻ׵˵һ䣺С㡣
Ҳ֪ʯͷ͵ʲô, α֮ǰֹ, վžȻе㼷
ɵ, û취򲻹
ףôһֻתͷһڷȥ
Ͼʱôһ˻, ʵġҺ, ףոɽ, ͿߵӰȥȴȻʶһ¡
ûбԭαװӣôϳԼģ
ô֪ңףɵʵ
Լ׵ӰˣĪͣסˣżأףֵ⡣Ŀһ۵, ౣ
ף⣬ȴüûұô
ĬĬ̧ͷԼҵۣȷһ¡ԼƢãҲôá
Ȼû˵ףĿһ˿ӵζף䳶˳ǣͷһȭˣţ
ίСͷҲҪףûע⣬ֱӱͷ˹ȥ
ףҲûֻվԭأ˼Ŀ֮ۡǰţ˵۾Կһֻû뵽ڣȻѾܹαװˡ

ౣ
չɽţһĽһ̧ͷͿҹɫһɫӰֱ꿴ܣȷԱûˣЦ׼ӭԼ
Ȼ󣬾ͿǸɫӰԽԽԽԽ󡭡ϵЦĬĬĽӲˣȵĿΣ˶ЩãȻˡ
ǲСִԽ𣿣Ϊʲôô죬ǼûǼꣿ
~һ߽ţһĻš
Ҳ;һ˲ѾعƺЩίˣѾסˡεԼôˣôίޣ԰
ܲίǸԼһɽòܳǱǱ۸ò׿꣬ί̲ס
ôʣҲֻһ䣬ûõӦȻ
Ҹ˵Ǹ󻵵ҶһںɽңҡһʼͣİȰȰȡ
֣һӶסˡ
УҸ˵񡭡Ӳ̫á
ȵףʱ򣬾˵䡣΢΢һЦ˼ţҪôȽϺóԡ
ϧעڡԼȻǻ˵ģһ㣬ûע⵽Щֵֹĳƺ˵
ͷȻ֪Ϊʲô׺͵һһ㣬ǺܹԵĵ˵ͷġ
Ҫ𡭡СţԼҪ˵ء
Ҫдмġ
Ϥ꾪ϲתÿףӰ˳ϲ뿪ڴкȴͻȻ˶٣ϵЦҲͣһ˲
СʦֵΡ죬ողż
Ŀ΢΢һ˲֮ǰһֱԵɵ㣬һһð
ôˣף꿴ԼЦķҡ
ûжоͷůģǰħĴмһģһ΢΢˱̧ۣͷȴЦ⣬ûУСʦôѽ
ףҲЩ֣ΪΪ̫ˣҲûж룺ʦ£ȥһˡ
ȻȴûΪʲôͺѾ֪ԭôһ룬ѹסԼĻɡ
ǸСʦ֣ЦЦǸ⣺ʦЩˣȻȥϢˡ
ףһá
δ䣬ѾٵʧҹɫףʣµĻûܼ˵
ףվԭأϵЦ⻺˻谵¹ıԵЩ죬ֻףڵעȫû֪ΪΣոҲδȴܲ
ͺʲôҪˡ
ףҪȥ͵͵һ꣬ȴ±֮󣬷Ūɳ׾ԥ˰ΣǷ뷨ֻҲȥԼԺӣ룬תȥԼǸͽܡ
½ͿŷͷʢˣԺӵλҲõλãףݶûȶã˷Ŵ򿪵½ͿϢݶͷʦ
ףӦһĿ½Ϳϡ
һȴЩ⣬ΪС½Ϳˡ
ⲻ̶̰ʱδ½ͿϵȴǷ˱ǡ
ɻʱһܱ̬˿Ҫչʮ꣬ɻ˵ֻҪһ㹻ˡ
ԼͽܣʵƣӶ㹻̼̣ƽʱϵΪȻǷ˱
ٸСӼ꣬пвԼ
ҪҪھͰ˳أ
ףüͻȻһ䣬Ĩֱ½ͿȥǺֵ⧲½Ϳǵһʱ䷢ˡֻ½ͿӰʶľ㣬ȴһӲͣ
½ͿϣȴǼ롣
ۡĲ½ͿȴһѪ˳
Ѫݶϣ˲佫ܸʴһƬ
½ͿֻͻȻ࣬ͺһֱѹϵʯͷһ㡣½Ϳ˲ǣ԰млʦ
žһʯͷ½Ϳͷϡ
½ͿЩãȻ̧ͷף䣬Ȼһ˿ײί
⻹ίأ
ףɸֵĿڣΪʲô㣿
⡭½ͿţҲ˵ֻһ˲ʦẦԼ
ףķ˸ۣȻ½Ϳû˵ڣϵıȴǱ¶һ
ħôôһɵͽܡ˵ȥֱ
ǸղųֵĲǱѾ˼ٴˡףߵⲻһߣȷһǱ𣬾̫ˣ
½Ϳ˵ֻ̲ס
Լֵֹʦ˻ᴩôһڣ
ֻǶԼʦ½ͿҲЩ˽ˡ
˵ӵȣ˵򵥵е˳ͺˡ
ôһ룬½Ϳͷϴǣ֪
ôϴףʣµĻû취˵ף䶢½Ϳ˼룬ŽӲת˻⣺֪Ҫô
½ͿȴãȻ
ɻʵȷǰѵһʣףһ£ͷԲ£֮⣬δйɻʿԻļأɻµ껹ʶա
½Ϳƺʶʲô˱䡣
գܲȴҪףĿ½ͿϣڵĮͫԵЩ䣬ô
½Ϳͷǡ֪ˡ
ף䵭Ӧһȴûмȥ׷Щʧĵӡ
½Ϳ֪ԼǺˣЩˣȵȻһһȥֻ½ͿΪԼΣû뵽ȴǸסʦ
ôһҲϾʦҪһЩ
½Ϳñףѵ׷ʵ׼ף˵󣬾Ȼûټˡ½ͿĬ˼룬СĿڣʦ
ʡףֱӴϵ
ǡ
ɱ˾ɱˡ
ǡ
𱻷־С
Ŷ
½Ϳһ˿ײʧ䡣
ףȴû˼ȥ˼Ӷڲ굽ôˡֻ˰죬ҲûԼǵСҪ֪Ƣõһˡ
СߵΪʲôˣ


 59 

ô˰, ʦͽ˶Լ˼½ͿǺܿͻعȴһصʦȻҲЩʧ
ʦƺз£½Ϳţȴ˿ڡ
ףƲԼͽһ, ûдĴ, ȻתףȴͻȻ뵽, ͽȻΪУ, һ㵹ͦġ
ͽܾȻյ˷ҵСѾͷ
Ȼеĳɷ, û׼ͽܣЩŮӿĵİ취ء
㡭Ѿͷ͹ʲôף俪ʵ
½Ϳͻһ䣬ŪЩãȻ˰βŻصûС
Ϊʲô𣿡ףʡ
½Ϳ, ҡͷûС
ףǷѾͷΪʲôῴ㣿
⻰˵ȻЩ档
½ͿǺһ, 㰵֮, ȻҲоԼ뷽֮Ĳ࣬ɹţ뷽֮Ĳ, ʵҲûʲôı䡣
ܶ˶Ȱ淽βҪ, ϾԷε츳, ԺضΪһ֮ԼأҲǸɫĵӰˡ
δ£˭˵׼ء
½Ϳع񣬼ʦֿʼ·Ƭ̲ſڣʦΪʦ¶𣿡
ףһתͷ½ͿһۡҪ֪, ⻰ףʦֵʱͽҲ˵ѵԼСߵ˼ôױ
ΪʲôС߾Ͳ²
ףЩƣȻҲá
˵ʲô
½Ϳ뽫ףʦֵʦ˵תһ룬ʦȻԼ뷽ĹϵţҲ֪ףʦֵ˼
ôһ룬½Ϳ㲻ٶתʵҪͽȥһʦϲã
½Ϳ˵ףʦֺͱʦ֮ѡһȻѡʦ
ףĬĬۣСϲʲô֪ܲСߵȻϲףһ˲ͻȻӲ롣ϸһ룬ȷ֪ϲʲôΪδ˵Щ
ֻ֪СŬ츳ԽԽãЩͨŵӣҲһ֪
СҪĶ
ףĬΣȴǾôʧ½Ϳǰ
½ͿãȻվԭأ֪ΪΣʦǰǸоԼ˵˻

ٻصӱߣɫѾװԭĺӱѾֻʣºϵĻƣڰ˳ˮƮšףվںӱߣźеĻƣãڿһץ
ֻһƣӺƮף
ףü΢ﵹһ˿ȣĿںɨȴǵȷûмһơ
⻨ô˵ҲǸѲ˳ˮƮԶˣ
ף΢ӦһǻƣȷǸӦƵλãͷһۣȷĻһֻҲˡ
ףһֻƻԼԺӡ
Ϊһͨŵӣףû˹ע͵͵ɽû˷֡ԺӣףҲûݣֱһԾݶϡ
ĻȼţмѪɫ΢΢ź⡣ףĬĴûƣŽеĻȡ˳ף佫ǰ͸¹Կǻƺֻд֡
СߵԸʲôأ

Ժ
ϵĻƣһ̾˿͵͵ȥѻƼѾȥһʱˡһʱ˺ܶ¡
һμСʦںɽʱСʦݣɫΪɫָУ˳ȥ
룬СʦֲǸͨӣΪʲôʯڸ˱˼ˣκȥ·ҩҲҪõ·̣·ôԶ
ҡݣΪʦֳôûͬ£Ļܹô
ԼûʶСʦֵ룬ΪûΪԷľ̫࣬Żȫûв
СʦֻǸڻңȴǰҲǵѡ֮ӵĹ⻷
֮һһһ׮һ׮
ںɽЩħвСʦ𣬻Ǹڶʦ㣬Ϊ˶ĽɣǡΪħ
޷͵ģȴǽħ֮󣬶ħȫ޷ԵϤСһϤĻϤͷУϤӰˣף䣬벻бѡ
綼û
ǡСʦ֣ǸεСʦ֣ҪȥӣħֵСʦ֣ôħ
һĿǰĻơҲ˵׼ԼΪλȥ⻨͵Ϊƣںӱתʱ
ʲôûУǻû֣ǡ
һء
Ҫ
귳İͷڱʯϣͼʯ¶Լ侲ȴһ˫Ưͫ
ǵĿԼףӶСĲ˲ա
ƽЩսǰڻתȴ뵽Ӧǵһ֣ȴСʦ͸Լ
ʱСʦֵĽǣǴ˫õһͨŵӣĿԴù˫ǿܴħˡ
ǡôɵ㣬껹ǲԸȥţôأСʦôħУСʦеɵһôħսħ
ʶħûôײУҲħꡭδħκνΪԼΪټ֮Ĵս磬пֱܻ뿪һڣԶԶģҸط
ЩˡһǺǵģ
ס𣿡Ŀڣɵſʯϡ
˵˵صħƿǣƿǵ˲䣬ϵӶıԵק˻ûһͱֻ֪ɱ¾ħˣ˼Ƣȴϲס
عʶЦҡҡͷûУסţʶﲻ̫ԣ΢΢ӲεĿҡף
ҡҡСβͣȻӦţף
аɡεָ˵ıǼ⣬׾װɣϧײܸҸֻǵ׼ͥˡ
ıǼЩģûֻЩĿףףǸող𣿡
ľˣĵ
͡߹ģģͼݳģݳķǸ顣
˼ȥĿⶨΪ˼飬˵ġСʦ֣
˵ͷȻ̫ˣǵѽ
Σǳ׵ľˡ
Сʦֲڣ̫ˡԣȵȣĵ˼ͻȻԼ֮ǰԵһ¡ɽ⣬Сʦֵʱƺ˵ʲô
ʱΪ˵ûע⵽˵Ļʱ˵ǡ
ףǸ󻵵Ҷһںɽҡ
Ҹ˵񡭡Ӳ̫á
⻰ĵԲָˣʱСʦ־
ȻԼûзǺȻĺˡ
ԼҪʧҩ
ʧ䣬ⱲӶǲ֡


 60 

G, ˵ָףˡ
ɣǰһʱ䲻ͦõģһΪ˿ҪΪˡ
֪, ˵ʦֺͶʦֻлʦɽһ, ȥ˻, ֮Ϳʼףˡ
˰ɣҲ, ʦô˧, 츳ֺΪָߡ˵ͻȻһ٣εĿ
ֻǰԶĹսǣףͻȻת˹Ҳ֪û֮ǰĻεĻ࿴˿, ǰףк, ףʦܡ
ףޱ, ĿбӵĴֱ˹ȥ
ˡ
εĶӣȻǱҪףߣ֪Ϊ, ÿλʦ, ܻһֱѹƵĸо
ΪԷ̫ǿ˰ɡ
, ˣϾʧˡҲûƽף̬Ȳãʧ鲻ãҲһЩ
ףһ仰ʧҲҪȿʼһ𣬲Žʧɶû, ĪĿʼˡ
ף֪Сߵôˣ˵˰ɣףȥʱҲЦŸף˵ֻǺܿб˰ߡ
һʼף仹ΪСæ֣С߸ڶѡ
ˣ
ף˼⡣

ףС۸ˣһߣ翴ԼСʦҲһЩɻʵ׼һͷҪȥףһ١
Ķ΢΢һ٣εЦתͷʦСʦ֡û۸ңҾҪúⲻǴȿҪʼ𣿡
ɵĿۣҲǿ˵û£СʦҲôѹǾȥһȾͺãǧ˲ǡ
ЦӦһ
ֻǿǱ飬Ҫһġ
Ҳûٶ໰СʦͻȻôųǼʦ֣Ǹף䣬أֻϣһֱźá
Ǹף䡭뵽ݣɫʦף䣬ȴûзκףʦŲã֮ǰҲܵ۸ֻЩ۸ףˣȻòãȴԾɻš
ǡλͷʢ½Ϳʦܣƺֵô򵥡簵鷢֣ܶ۸λʦܵˣϢʧˡ
뵽СʦöλʦܵĹģֻͷۡﰵĥһ£̽̽СʦõĿڷ硣
ˣʦáº͵Ŀڣǲһ㣬㻹ǵ½Ϳλʦ𣿡
һ׽սһϢţһ£ͷǵã½ʦܡô𣿡
Ц£û£ֻǶλʦЩ档
½Ϳʦ̧ܰͷһķ뵽ԭ˵ĻҲֻһ仰ܽԺ˲𡣡
ĵһˣɹס磬ħ󣬶ɽٷɹǧһ˵
û뵽½Ϳôߣֻ뵽λĬЩ꣬ȴǶЩɡҲԸΪ¸Сʦתһ⣺Ըô
뵽ԭǳĬԵӣ˶٣Ŀɵϣʦ֡Ҳϲġ
һ£ŷӦʧЦĶͷʲôأֻһ¶ѡ
ŷģû취˭Ī뵽ýšΪҪǴһԣôһ룬ĬĬĴ˸
˰ɣҪ֪ΣյģôһڻңܻܲˣȥߴգǾԼôָǸɣ޸ܡ
½ʦܡʵȻЩƣǺģ츳Ҳܺá˿ǡ
˼ĵ˵ͷȴǾôĬĬ뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪һӰʹֱӳԺת˺üȦ꿴ѾʼεİԺֹ˿ӡ
ҲˣԺҲܣֻܳû
סոίĿ˵֣ͱˡ
ҲסնҲûʲôؼǡֹһҽУʹˣԽԼδ̣ܽԼû̸Ѿѻˣ
׾ףҲܾǿȻͫѾʪģۿҪޣǲϸĿڡ
ˣʲô
ְ̾ڻԴˣ˵ɣôˣ
סǴ˴Щĵ˦˦βͼ⣬ףȥòá
ȻǺϲԼҵڵ׽û취ĥѾһܶûԼҵˡ
ǲ̾Ϣ㿴ôҽУôҴȥСʦ֡һСʦΪôҽ̵ô죡
ôͲˣ
ͷף𣿡
Ȼȷʲôм߹˫׳ܵĻһҪ취˫׺ͺáͻɵ׵̣ͻԲůᱻ۸
ֻʣһҲû۸һױ۸أ
СʦֲҲûиСʦֳܡĽ͵
ֻҲ˵ԼСʦֵĹϵСʦħ֮ӦֱӰ¸ߣϾֻ߲ܴùħ
ٲãҲøʦǡ
Լ˰ҹħĻ֮ȴĪĲ̫뿪ڡ
ħĻƲǿհ׵ģ򵥵д֡
Сߡ
ӶʺţѲħСʱ̫ңûߣԲŻҪߣֻǲ֪ΪΣܾԼܺʲô
ô˵ԥˡ
Сʦħû취ģȷںܶ¶⣬ƫƫһ˾ף䡣һʼãʱ򣬵һһվȣףһֱߡ
ңֻڻɣû֤֤Сʦ־ħ
һԼأ
˼ȥһҹȲ¸߱ˣҪԼȥȷСʦ־ǲħ
֮žԼ·һ࣬Ȼ󡭡Ŷף㵽ڡ
ΪħʵֵţףħҲСʦֻԼɱֻ֡Լȴǲ֪ôȥף䣬ֱܲӵף棬ǲħɡ
ôܻϵģ
ԣ׸ôأ
˳˼ȴûע⵽һԵΧתȦûԼϢԺȥǻԺӵֻǷһ˿㷴ӦûС
ɳԺӣΧţȻϵϢŨķɹȥ
Ҫȥҵõ׵ǸȻͺãŲҪɵ̡
ôţɵٶֿЩ
֪ײԸñ˷Լһ·Ҳڶˡ
Ȼûע⵽ոմԺӷɳʱ򣬾һԵվһӡ
ڲ˽⣬ֻ˳ζһ·ҵף䡣ҲҺף鲻ãû˼Щʦʦװһ׵ӣҵʱףһںɽŴ
Ȼһ
ףİӻ˦˦ع񣬲Ųͷĵôܡ
⧲ѵһ仰Ļ˵ˡ
ûϱޣԼȥһ߿ȥɣ


 61 

귢ʱ, Щţ漴յףĴѶ֪Լܵȥˡ֮ǰܻյ, ֱȥף, , ԥ˰Ρף䴫æչ졣
ʵ, СʦӦҲʶԼڶˡ
̾˿, СʦʹˣĻᴫء
һߣףյĴ, ҲЩʧ䡣
Сߡôˡף˼⡣
һ߷һȦ, Լҵ˴, ȻЩֻϾףħܽƿǣףȻҲЩ黳
, ޲ޡֱӺף, ҵ, ֱӰףǵʧûˡ
ֻʣĳ嶯
ˡףվһѰ˳ַԼļϣ߰ɡ
ܲһֱСΪʲôҪ취Сߺòǡ뵽С߻ϵ֣ף΢ЩԻ󣬵ǾȥԸ
ףߵϢ, һֱ͵͵磬˶֪뿪籾ף䣬Ȼոɽûþʧȥף١
ܹ⽫˦ףԲʲôͨˡ
ɫԽء
Ҳĵħ£ֻħ֮ŲϢҲѴݳֻţħǱƺЩƺħȥȴû֪ȥġ
λħֻ̾ȻħǱߴϢ˵ħڳ˯֮У绳ɣȺħԼ֪ħġ
ϣʦĲ²Ǽٵİɣǡ
תȥ½Ϳˡ
Ψ֪ף뿪ˣΪף뿪֮ǰ˵Լɽ£Ҫܻ֮󣬵һӦ˿þԼҪҪȥ̽Сʦ֡
û죬ͿʼΡ
ף䲻·˻֣˺ҧֻʣʬҪСʦ˻ˣһ̴˵ֻڵϵÿһΣ궼Ǵﾪѣܻع
꿪ʼģСʦΣգȻףħοԼǲǻû֤
һΣεף顣
ģȴܿף䴩ŴվԣЦһҸӡһ겢ûоѣǾôվϲõĽ䣬СʦֺԼʶĹóס
Χ˶Ϊףȴֻоһί
ͺԼʧȥ˺Ҫ
ͻȻһ罣Ŵ״̬гɵƯһת۾ͿԼˣ˫ͨڴϣ޵ıǼⶼˡ
ôˣ
罣ŵһӾ--ŶԣûȲƮ˴ߣΧ꿴һȦʶƺ֮С罣ҲֻܵһȻ󡪡
һĶͷϡ
걻ˡ
ѹʱ껹ЩãȻڴϣͷλƵĴ֪˶ãŻعϴĴУ껺ֻһƬ
ˡ
ЩãȻԼΪʲôޣԼΪʲôεСʦִ顣һĳֻҪ΢һ룬ܸоĿڵĴʹ
СʦִˣĹ
ꡭֿˡ
һԵ罣ˣҪ˵ûޣǿ϶ܡ֮ǰ͸Ǽ꣬ÿٵÿ޸߰˴ΡԭҲǶֶ඼ΪҪû˯˯˯ţ˾Ϳ˵ġ
οԴһαȥ˼󣬱Ҳû޹ˡ
Ե׷ʲô
罣ûе֪ĸľ飬ֻǸ飬̫Щ顣
㡭罣˰죬ڱһ仰ʲô
ʵҲã˵μСʦˣΪСʦֵİΣεСʦִ飬ΪСʦҪ飿
Ϊʲô
걧ű˻֮󣬲ŷոʶ罣ĴڡͻȻЩ̫˼ͺСʱ͵͵ҳһڱûޣ
ֻˣ˸Ƿѣ
罣룬۸û۾ΪϹ
ϵ۶ûɾأ
磬𣿡һᣬͻȻʵ
罣оԼܵ˽衣
ֻı̫ˣĿգͺ·С¹֪Լļһ
罣һ²ԼԽԽһ˼Ž鵽ûģ鲻˯
˯ֻľ£˵ˣʧȥʶʲô֪ˡ
͵͵Ӧһûٿڵ˼ˡ
쿪ʼҲ˯ˡ
ʵ߲һҪ˯Ҳһԣֻϰͨ˵Ϣһֱϰϼ˯Ϣ
ֻ罣̫ԣֻǾΪ׼
ϾΪͽȷԽľ
ڴȵǰһϣףš
ףϢһͿ꣬궼֪Сʦֻˡ
һΣףûи
򴽣ίĲеڻһСİοţһ䡣
Ҫ˵׳ȥʲôˡȻȴô˵ֻǸŽ
Ҳֻ̾˿ٶˡ
СʦĻˣҲûиһСʦɩѾˡ
ҲרĴˡ


 62 

ȿʼˡ
껹ǵһ֪, ôĵӡ㳡վȺȺľһ
һۿȥܿЩͬһʦŵġÿڵĵӣҲŸԵСȦӡ
ڹ㳡, Χ˲䰲˼ӡ
λΨһĲ, ˶š
һ, ʵҲǸ˵ˡ٣ϵӺʦ, һҲ, ǡƫƫһֶƫĵĿԣ֮ǰгðѱɽʦܸˣתͷЦȥ˿һȦ⳥
֮ǰĵӹϵãԱĵżҲ±Ȼĵλֱ, ˵ܳСʦ, Ƕڹάꡣ
, û˸˵껵Ҳû˸Ҹˡ
ֻҲû˸׽
һվڽ䣬Ҳûȥ˵˼
ף䵽㳡ʱ, ľ⸱
Լı, ޲ôȥħ, 󷨺úûŵˣȴôĿŵżֻһ˹վڽ
ҪˣףҲֻԼһ˲ˡ
ף仹ʱȶ꣬СꡣϾ뿪֮ǰС߾Ѿڶ, Լֲкף˵кɽһô죬С߲֪öء
һСƱ۸ףĻô࣬ߣĿⲻɨһΧˣŵȺ˶ɵƿĿ⡣
Ȼ󡪡ףĿһе㲻̫ҿꡣ
ȣСʦáףѵÿĿİͰ͵Ŀڡ
Ŀƽ㿴ǰΪף䣬ҹجεӡ
Сʦ֣þòˡ
ƽףȴĪľú󱳷ɫĿһۣȴò׼Сʲô
ʵҲûáףĻ˵ڣͿûһ㣬תͷһȥ
˳ſȥÿ½Ϳͷζ˹
½ͿͷҲܳͷϾһǴŽţһǷоļ̳ˣȻûнˣȴд˵˹ϵһ㡣
Ȼ˵⻰ˣûþͱ˳ΪҴҥԱѵһ١
ֻλ֪ʵġţټһꡣ겻֪˹ϵȷ򵥣֪ԺԻΪ¡
ʦ㡣ȻƽʱЩ߰ߵ˶ƣ֮ǰҲǡ
ЦӦһĿתһȦȴǱһȻ½ͿϣЩȻֻһ˲䣬Լûп
ǡʲô
ãȻĻž飬ֻǵӦǵľŴһٶ֮ûжõʱ䣬ɹͻƵԪӤڡȻȵĹ̲ûϸдҲû˵ʱʲôΣŶԡ
ûʲôԵľɣ
ãȻվǣһʱҲûע⵽ףѾߵԼ󡣷һԵ½Ϳע⵽ף䣬Ȼ½Ϳ˼˶û뵽һ
ǰһþվףм䣬ףǰߵ·ϡ
һ㶣Ȼ½ͿĿûȥ꣬ڿף䡣
ǡʲô˼
ףѾԼС߸ˣ쳣ˬٲãҲ
˿ɲһˡ
½ͿվԼǰףĽŲͣ£Ŀ΢΢Уϵƽ
ףʦ֣½Ϳսף䣬ȴѹ࣬Ӳ֮ãףʦ½⡣
ףһŭΪ½ͿҪ꣬û뵽ԼͽôȻĿһ£ע⵽½Ϳ񣬸ͲǿеĿ⡣
ͽܸòҪС߰ɡ
½Ϳɲ֪ףʦֺԼʦͬһˣ˵Լʦףʦֶʦ㡣Ȼ֪ʦףʦֹϵܺãʦ˵ףʦҪʺ
½Ϳ˵׽ʦ
ʦȻƽʱأҲʲôķʦôҲǾڵΪҲȫΪʦ
½ͿƫģƫĵЩƫִȻʦʦ㣬Ҫʦʦ㡣
ף䰴½Ϳ˼·ôһ룬пܣϾͽеɵ
֪½ͿΪԼΪħףɲ֪ʲôá
ףޱĿԼıͽܣ½ͿҲһûʲôĿףʦ֡ôӣ˭ҲϺˣΧ˶ǰ
ע⵽ԼĶͷһǰһڡ
ԼСʦôָǶˣ
ʶľͿʼף䵣ģɷɡ
ȵȣǷɰɣ
룬ٿ˶ţĪһֵֿ̬
쿴Ǹɶˣ
лҪ˵꣺Թ.jpg

 63 

ףⱾ, һ̧ۣͿԼСվԱߣһֲӴ
ĻһӾϨˣֻʣεһ˿ɻ
֮ǰС߲Ƕ½Ϳô, ôڷνˡ
ף䵭Ŀ˻Լǰ½Ϳ, ȴü, ѹӲã˭㱾Ǿˣ
½Ϳˡ
ԳƱˣֻһˡ
Ǹˡ
ףƹѾľͷ½Ϳ, վǰʱ, ѾϤЦݡ
Сʦãһˡ
̧۵Ŀһۣ൱ĮַܵӦһŶ
ͻ£Ҳҡ
, Сˡ
ףһ, ǰ, ͿԶ߹һˡף䲢ûмӦĵӡŻûڣͿ, Ȼߵǰ
걾ŵı, ˲ͻ, һ˿Ц⡣
ף˲һ̳ϴס
һĿһԻڷ½Ϳϣɭɭʵ˭
½Ϳûӳعףʻʶľͻشǻ˼ʦ֣Ʒĵӡ
ףĿˣֻôô˳, رһħȥֱճɻңһҲ
͡͡͸
ףȥֱվߣ˵Ŀ˺ƣ˼ʦ֣þòˡ
໴˼һã룬˼Լʲôʱλʦܡ˼޹ƫƫף̫Ȼ໴˼ֻÿԼûס黹һ˿Σλʦܣʲôʱ𣿡
ף΢΢һЦ˵ԱߵһֱЦ
໴˼ãȻˡ
ЦĿˣϷŰĿڣ˼ʦܣλף䡪ףʦ֡
˼ʦܣ
ףΣϵıȴǳȲʦֻʦܿЦʦܼЦˡ
𡭡
໴˼ɵĿۣĬĬĵ˵ͷû£û¡
˵ģλףʦк֮󣬾һֱվԱ߲ˡ໴˼ȻżҲû취ֻ÷λᡣ
꿴˱Ӱȴ΢΢üʵҲ죬ֻͻȻߴգʦ̵ֽţʵȴֶЩûʲô⡣
˵ʲôĿġ
СʦôϲǸôߵעףĲУֲҸֻͼͬ顣
국ĿһۣȻ˵ͷǰϲʦ˺ϡ
ĳˣֶ֪ǲأ
ףĿ˿ȣСʦãʦɽʵΪˡ
Ļû˵꣬㳡ͻȻȴΧȫһһţ㳡ϵԭЩ˼˲䶼
ãȻĿףƺ˵ʲôĶ߱ռݣʲô
˵ʲôͼȻȴû֮С
ʮȵͣº㳡˼ž֮Сڹ㳡֮ϣ֪ʱһ澵ӣվ⾵ӿе죬ͿǾ֮гһɫС
Сʦ֡һӦǻͷףûмӡ
Ȼһ룬͸оһɺǿֻüףһۣͱ˾С㳡ϵˣҲһһȥף䱾ֿ˶ܿ뾵ӣҲŽȥ
ȵ㳡ϵ˶ȥӺ󣬾еľʧ

ۣȴһ£Ȼһɫĸͷڴϡƿͷע⵽ԼһŴĻ鷿Ļ鴲ϡ
ɫܰӦѾҹˡϵϲѾ紵ҡҡ׹ˣĹߺܰϵĺѾȼ˵ףֻʣһɫϡ
׼Ĺ²á
ͷһۣԼϵȷŴļ£ֻҲ֪ǹߵ⣬ɫͲԣܸоµɫЩ֡
оеѪ̵ɫ
걻Լ뷨ŵˣ˶æٶ롣
ȻȾҪʲôֲǵһξ״̬㶼ûлŵġ
մԽʱ򣬿ֱ滨ţǲա
Χȷû˹ֱϵļ¡Ȼûʲôôɫ֣ʵǲԼ϶ഩһӡ
Ȼ࣬ر·żѡһɫȹϵļ»ȥ
·оˡְͷ߰װζժ˳һԼڵȻϣϵѹ˴룬ڵһʮʲô֮ģȴǲˡ
СĴ򿪴һ۴⡣ԶһĵƻԼԼƺ֣Ǳ߲ϲλáλĵλƲߣŵ˶ûУԺֻʣ·
Ӳӣ
һ£Щԥ
ڻ֪ȵҪʲôǰеɫݣĻҲδ̫ˡﱾܣûܣ᲻ᱻΪʧܡһвܵɣһܱΪʧô졣
ʾûУ
һԥԶڿܾͻֱײˡ
ˣȵȵȿ
Ѵϣعͷһ۴ϵļ£뻹ǰѼϡƹôͿ·ǴĻŵġ
Ѻɫͷͷϣ꿴ƹɵ˴ϣȴһֱŴĶ
ƺܶ࣬ʮ˵ĽŲ΢Щڣ֪ôˣղӦԺŵġһЩ˶ĲһĹ
Һã󲿷ֵ˶ͣ
λȻذɡһ΢ЩϤ
˿Ȼûֱ˭ӦҲŵˡڶǴȵĶ֣һʿôҲȲʶҪǿ
ſƺ˿ڣĹϲ䣬˿ģɴ뿪ˡ
˵ĳײõġ
ſڵɢֻʣһʼڵǸˡҲ֪ſڴʲô춼ûжԥԼǲǸȥʱƿ˽
갲ڴϣȿ˻Щʲô
˽֮󣬲û꣬ԼһԵڣҲû˵˻Ĭ˰Σ˲Ŀڣߣ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
˵֮ǰţֻǾ˵Щ졣˾ǰ˵ȻֻǶ졣
ôɰɡ
䣬һ˿룺Ҳ㣬Ҳӣ֮¸ƾ¡
ٳûзӦü͵ĵư𣿣
̾˿յĵǡֻȥ½ʦܻ費Ҫء
һ˵һ̧ƿԼĺͷһ̧ۣͿףϲǰ
Сʦ֡ЦĿڡ
ף䣺һ¡
ף䣺ղ˵ʲôʲôû˵


 64 

ǰСʦֲϤ, Ӧݵ˵òϤıȴܿ϶ǰ˾ף䡣
ףľʵĲ࣬Ҳһ۾ͷԼŻ, վڴ֮, ﻹһơף仨, ɨһ۴ϵ˺ܵĲãȷԼλúݡ
һھƵɹ١
ף΢Щ, ûҵԼС, ȻҲϾôͳȥ
һףܿƾȷδȵжǸÿǷ񱻷Ϊ׼Ȼף俪еѶȣҺõ, һСˡ
С˸ûôһ, Լүͻ, ĸүءҲС˻죬һߵһ߻Ȱף䣬ûһ, ףͰ³߰˰ˡ
ף, ҵ, յҡλүСʱ򣬼˸ģһԡ˵ʮһ٣ǿ粻ȥͻڴˡ
ҼȻŮڶֻ࣬СүһȻĲСôһĳȻǸԵ, Ǹһӣ˵ǿԾȵСү
ҸּŮӣСүסȵСүٵʱŮӾͻΪ̫ᣬСү١
֮Ե˾뿪ˡ
Сүһ·ܳĳɳۿžҪʮ꣬ҼԽԽţźòףҵּŮӣҴææĸ׼¡
ŮǸ¶ǱҼҸġǴһɲСүȻϣȻС۰ĸĸȴôɿڣӲӳס
Сү鲻ãȻϯɫҲôáףϯһĮҲû˾ʲôԡ
С߶߶İǰôһ飬ףȻСү²֮»ӣҲᱻ˷쳣
֮ǰڷԼС֮ף޲ת棬⡣
˼Ƭ̣һ˼·Ҳ˵ҡûˣҲҲϤ
ף˵ͷ
Сʦ֣ҼҶǿλСүģ﷢ı䣬º׾ͻᱻ֡ףֱִ֣Ѷȡ
һ£ȴ־ȻѶȹƶڿʼǸѡˡ
СʦȻһʼҲܾգʱϯϣСΪ󣬾ʲôҲúȶ͡һʼҪ˻飬ǿɾûк·ˡ
ҡСʦ֣ڻ֪ԼݣҲ֪ʲôԶһ죬֮ĴβС˵©ˣһҲᱻ֡
ôһ룬ԼСʦֵĸ
ԼڰĴף䡣ףϵĻϵһףֻҪϵĻһЩɫҲûô
ףλСүģģƫӢ⣬ӳ£ȴִһ˿аͻȻ뵽ħģħӣ׻Ļ
ЩȣæҡҡͷԴĻ涪ȥ
Сʦ֣֮ǰйʽ𣿡ʵ
ף˵ͷ֮ǰҲйϾǽ˶ͬһÿ˵Ȼ̫ͬԶпܸղǴвߡȵ񲻻ȷ˵ֻԼͬʱҪ֤Լݡ
Ｘ룬ǿʲô
ף̯̯֣Ҳֱֹ֣Ӵ򲻺ô
Ϣɣ취ȥϢ̾˿һ۴⡣
ɫѾװԼĪѾҹˡ˵Ҳ֣Сʦ˵ҼôҲǸ壬ôҹѲߵĻûС
ף˵ͷվȴǳһ¡
ôˣע⵽Ķ
ףû˵ĿȴתһȦ
䷿ӦԭĵСүķӣΪҺݣװκͰܶ࣬׿Сүܳĳ̶ȣֻһŴ
Ҳʶ⣬ĬĬ̧ͷСʦֶӡ
Ҫȥ鷿ףһѡ
ǣƬ̣ҡҡͷСүȻϲ£ȻףӦҲһͶ»ӡ
ο֮ҪСʦһжģǵһСʦ־ȥ˯鷿Ǽ˿϶Ĭദã֮취;ˡ
õĽ;ǣСү»һ顣
ԡĬĬ̾˿ڵû£һ˯ɣһ϶ѡ
˵⻰оԼȶȳѹסˣϵ¶ȹҲͣڵĵƹ̫ͱСʦַˡȻڣҲŲסˣתͷԼڱôҲϳˡ
ȻȴԽ
ףϸϸȥµԼ͵͵Ĵ
͸ӵĹһʧ䶼һƬ谵Լϸ΢ĺڱϣǹԭģСʦֵ΢졣
ĪʼЩţ˵ȣҲûСʦµ껹ûסСĵ̽Դ͵͵Ŀ˹ȥ
ֻߵĽ̤ϣףĴһִֻϥϣôŴ˯š
û£˯ɡףûۣǴһ˿Ц˵Сʦָţ¡
ͨͨ
ãȻԼٵֻҲûôϾѾôˣȻûιȥ
룬Сʦֺ˧


 65 


걾ΪһԱ, ˯šȻСʦֵϢʵ̫ϤˣԼ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ժ˯ˡ
һ˯ѣ
Ǳףѵ, űãȻ, ͷ΢΢Щ, ձ߻бӡϵĺӡͺ̣ͻȻ˳
ã޹
ףһ, ԼСʦ˯, һֻűӣƺʱ׼Ҫµ¼˯һεЦЦ˳ͷë𣿡
껹ûܻعĿɵף, βŵ˵ͷ
, , ȥ¶棬ͿԼ˯ˡף
òװͼСʦúãףޱվ, ŵ˽Ȼ˼û, ԭ, 㣬ôһӣû˾֡
˲࣬ףҲʶֻĿⲻɫɨһȦȰЩ˵ģס
˺ܿ촩·һЩ, ˵Ҽҵݡߵݵʱ򣬾ڴԼ˵ܵͣף˵ȴ㹻ˡ
ҪСܸǸŮ˳𣿡һŮĿڣǸŮ˸䲻Сܣ
ˡҼҵĸǳסԼŮ²ᡣ
һᣬֲ͵˵ŮҲ˶ãǵҼҵĶС㣬һ֮˼ƽʲô
ףüͷ΢΢壬Ȼ֪Щ˵Ĳ꣬ﻹЩͷһߵ꣬ȻԭСߵò˫۾鶯ȴûб
GGG껹ͼ͵ϢͱߵףһѸק˹ȥ
ף佫ִԼֱϣһֻ֣ԭûʲôϣһ˿Ц⡣
ȡ껹ûüڣͱףſݡ
ڵ˵˲ͣ
һˣǰλϣŵҼҵĵүķˣһλϣŵСү㡣
˶ׯţ˵Сү޵Ҳֻ̧ͷȻͿԼǸһ񱵽ñ˴СӣȻǸŮ˽ġ
⡭ҷĿԼүתתֻüҲûڡ
˿ˣҲʱף䷴ֻװûǼЩ𾪵Ŀ⣬ɵİ˺áҲΪһʼܵľе󣬺ʺõʱ򣬼Щ겻ᣬĿ̲סǣŵֿȥ
úúáҷ˼갤˸ãЦĵ˵ͷúӣԺ͸ٶúùӣҼҲġ
⻰˵еֹ֣ϻǹɵӦ
ˣҷ˿ڣ˵һȴͣһ¡
Ŀ⿴˹ȥͿҷĿƮһ£Щ˼Ŀڣ㿴˼Զôˣϱֶǲˡ
Ŷڸ
ﻹֹأ͸оЩãȻ̧ͷ˶ڿ
ǡôˡ
ɵգգۣŬŸոյҷ˵ĻǲǵԼϱ֣һ²͡áȵȣǸϱ
֪ҡʲô
ĬĬվǣͷһԡһֳֻ·ڵקһף½ǡ
ʾ
ףһоԼ񿴵һֻ̣ʧץ䣬ͼ㵽ȥ
ɰģףͷԼС߱ʹһࡣ
ֻôˣС߻ֱӰһ١ҡСƺȺģΪ̭Ļƻܾá
ףĬĬջĿ⣬ϴһɵı飬ԼĵҲûʲô֮ɫˣĥĥˣ˸ǿˣǻȥϢˡ
˵꣬ףҲûܵүʲô飬ԼСߣתߡ
궼ûӦųɵĸȥҼʣµˣȻҲûѵף䣬һȻӡ
λСүܳĳ̶ȱҪ߰
գգۣ˼ĸףߡ
Ȼոտż˲䣬ȴͻȻоһɶ⣬۶Ƕͺճһ㣬޼ɵıš
Ķ΢΢һ٣קһף䣬ѹСʦ֣ͷ
Աߵף˳ĶͷСʵôˣ
̧ͷսףĶߣװף˵Ļӣȴȥ
һ¡С
ȵϢڵĴߣףĶ˲Ϣͱͨ죬Ѫһ㣬һСƬҲ˺Ρϧעȫ󣬸ûע⵽Լǰ
֡ϸĿһȦȴûзǶԴ
ѲĴ
ãȻȴҲöൢһԵȴѾڿˡֻջĿ⣬һֹɵף䣬װһӡ
һԵĿɨһ仰Ҳû˵ǰ澶Դ·
ְ˴ȥ緹֮ˡ꿴һΧȷûڣ˿
ѰСԹ
ȷôһϵ·۵ĲС
ף䰲οķңҪȥ˯һ᣿
̾˿ҡҡͷˣҲ֪ûʱƣһ˾ˡ
ȿɲˣëҲһκõġ
ǡףͷϴϤЦ⣬ҵСˣ￪ʼ飿
ȡҿûع񡣿ף˵Ǻߣĵ˵ʲô
ף൱⣬Ϊ͵ԼߣΪ˱ŵݡ
»ķޡ
̫ˡ
ף䶼þ֮гȥˡ


 66 

Ҽ, ҡһĲҵǵҼƿصġȻҼôǮȴá
үŮŮѶʮ, ȴδޡŮҲѾʮͷ, ŮȵСү곤һꡣŮƽʱԼԺ, ٻǰ
֪˵Сү֮, Ҽжô
ڵСү, ȴ٣ǹĿˣ񣬱ҼҳĲһ
˵, ΪСүϲ, ԵҼֻҪɫһ, ͻ˶ϢѲߵûС
ҲڴԼ֡
ҼСү硣
Ů, ⡣
֪, λҷ˵, ɲֹô򵥡ʱ֪ԼʲôҲôǰ˵Լ֡
գ꣬㲻Ǹͼ֮ˣ䲻ǵҼҵСүټλ岻ôãô, ϵҷ˵⡣
ֲû˵Լ֣ҷ˿ҲûɣΪû˵
Сʦ֣ôͤһ߿һʵ
þһǳãȻζĿϣļ䣬Ҫʱиյͺˡ
ףĽǵ֭룬ҹˡ
û
˵λСүܳ裬Ϊһˣҹһ㣬δҲ̫ˡοҼôļҵȻûҹ͵
һ㡣Ƥϣ˵ʯ棬ǸСүˡ
ףü
ˡôˣ
򴽣˵ãûǾ仰ÿһԽǲ۵Ľɫû׼Ļ֡
ףʧЦ˵ĶͷεС˰ɡ
ʵҲ֪վסĪľǺˡ
ˣǼ㷢𣿡ͻȻڵ
ףݸһµϣЦǼˡ
ͷһڣ˵ͷ
Ǽ˹ƺܿҪ̭ˡף°ͣιԼСߡ
ڴ̽Ϣʱ򣬾ͷмˣٹġҾЩͼڸǣڶԻָ߸ϵĸоȴͲܱӡ
Χ˶Ѿʼˣ˸浽˵ҷ˵˽¹ааǡٽЩ˾ͻᱻˡ
̾˿ôõĿ֣ȴϧ
Ҫ֪ڵҼȻλߣȴȥ̽ϢСʦ֣컹ǴҪϤҼҵ壬̽һЩ¡˵Ҳ֣ܸоЩƺŵСүʲô¡
Ե㣬ʼԥǼڵҼҵ飬ǳȥߵʱһҼңض˲ζ¡
ô£һûվȣϡҺһߵףסǿվˣķ˹ȥ
ֻǸƣҳһжڸˡ
ףһۣɵ͸˹ȥ
ϧȻѾ죬ȵǵʱֳѾ˺ܶˡµƺһƾɵԺӣҷ˶棬롣
ףվһԣĿⲻɫĿһΧ
˺ܶ࣬ȥ֮⣬࿴Ӧǿװ磬ӦμӵСүˡȻڣЩ﾿˭Ͳһˡ
Ÿλˡҷ˴Ժ߳ôˣĿҲһ㶡
Ųţ֪淢ʲô£Ҫǰæģһ׳Цŵ
ƺֵˣȻΧ˿һı顣
ƺʶ󺺣Сֹ䣺ⲻǺǵԪ˵Ĳϲ˽ô̫񣬷е㡭
еɵӡ
˳ǣĬĬĿһۣλѾ֪Ĵ󺺡˵֪ǶôҪ
ҷĿҲ΢΢һ¿˴ۡ
ǴԱЩţ˱鶼סˣͲֱӸ߱ˣץҡ
ûʲô£λȻذɡҷûжͣڳ˽ͻס
ЩȻ̫⣬ϾڵҼңԻĻȥˡ
Ȼ꿴żЩɵı飬Щ˿¶ǲߣԼסĿֵܷܶЩ˵סͻȻ˶٣Ŀ⿴ǵҷˣȻϸԺеˡ
졪
ͻȻһɫȴԽЩ԰סŲ£˳ƵһףĻ
үߡС
ԺӿڿԺӿ½á
˵󣬾͵ף뿪
˰죬Сʦֳ˱ԽԽûҪߵ˼ͼߴף䣬ĳ˸ûӦ
ʲô
̧ͷͿף䴽΢ͷţʲô
үСүȻףһӡΧô࣬ҲֱӿڽСʦ֣ԥΣֻεĵ๫
ףգգۣͷ괽Ӧһôˣӣ
һֱӷȣһٵĳ嶯һѹҧгݣߣ
ףԼС˳˳ë֪ٶȥҪըëˡһЦŵû£๫ġ
˵꣬ףǣǰߵ˵ҷǰҷ˱أˣԼҶǰϵ滺ࡣ
ʲôףεֱӿʵ
һ
ҷȴǺܵı飬Цŵû£иɷʱ򣬲Сˤȥ
ƭˡ
꿴һ۵ҷԺӣȻĻҳѾɢȥ͸ոǿҳģһˤȥܹɵġ
ף䵭Ӧһ̧žԺߣҿ
Gҷͼף䣬ȴ̾˿ҡͷаɣСĵ㣬ࡣ
һֱվԺУ궼Щûع
⡭ɵĿһ۵ҷˣֿ˿ף䣬ǰɻ˻ȥ
ԺѾһƬǽ壬ҷ˵Ժеķݲ֪ΪεڵϣɢŶľʯţүڣǵҼҵĴŮһԡ
һװ岻ʣյף仳һߴһȦԺӡ
ѲĴ
ţȴûףı΢΢Щ̫ԡ
˺ܿ㽫ԺеʯɾϧǷѾҲ޺õӡҷ˱Ҳûɣü˶ˡ
ףҲŻ뿪ˡ
뿪ûãЩ뿪˱㶼ص˵ҷ˵ߣһͷһ¡ҴСӰ˳͵͵Ļһˡ
ĸŮȴе൱Զ
ҷƲһۣô
δȷ˵֣ҴСȴ֪˵˭һ£ҿ
ҷĵȥʰɾ´ٳô⣬ͱҲ顣
ûע⵽ԺһһССֽˣһж۵ס


 67 

Ȼ⡣꽫ϵֽջ, üĽ塣
ֽĵʱѧһС͵˵ĶԻΪΪЩ֣Ҳǵһ
뵽ǵҷ˺͵ҴСĶԻ, Щͷۡ
Ҽҵˮ, δҲ̫ˡ
Сʦ, ˵Сʦ֣תͷ˵Щʲô, ͷߵ˸ûԼ˵, ע֪Ʈȥˡ
ҧһϣڣСʦ֣
ף͵Ļع񣬾ͿԼСʦ, ƵĿԼ
һֻըë˵Сè, ըһֻë, صĽУҲֻ׵ġ
Сʦ֣ʲô, ţޱʵ
ףһû, Ժӵ, ġ
ţĶСʦ֪ƽܾҪϳȥ˯ˡ
˵ĻߺߵĴսף˫ۣ׷ʣǣСʦ뵽ʲô
ףһ֡
Сʦ˴յ̫, ſˡףܸоϤϢԼŮ֫Ļõʲôȫ־ƣûһѽ걧
ɻգգۣŬһȦԺӵķֲȷڽһڿݾǾô𣿡
ףһ΢΢Ķ˷䣬˶٣ǾƺЩ
ոյȷھоһ˿ϲϢȻֻ΢ЩʣħϲĶƲʲô򵥵ĶԼھиܵһ˿ħ
Ժ˲һɱԽɫԽס
ҪˣףԼС߱ţæ
ĬĬҡҡͷԴһĻ붪û¡Ҫȥġ
ȻֻǳڵҼתתʵ̫ˡ˵㶫֮㲻òȥ˯һᣬúõϢһᣬûٳˡ
һ˯ò㰲ȣȻףһԣܸоʲôڶ߳šѹʱ򣬲ûиоʣһ㣬ƣ
Ҫ˰ɡףȰ
״̬ãԭͲ԰׵ɫѾ˲ҰףҲûʲôɫǻϸ΢亹
û¡껺˻Ŀ⿴⡣
˯ǰŵѾҹһһûСԶҲκιҼҷ·Īĺڰ֮Уףߣ궼ỳԼǲǻ
߰ɡջĿ⣬ٹĵ
ףεקסżСߣһ¡
˵ֽ꣬غãڵĵƻҲֻ࣬ʣ봲Զһյ
ף֣ȴڴϻûӰӰŮ͵Сүƣֻǲ߱ͻ谵ϸִᷢϵʲô⡣
ˡף˵ͷ
Ҽҵ˻ǣҲִᷢϵǼٵġ
ĬĬĿ˿ף䣬ȴû˵ǽڣ֮ϵѾѹƵһ㲻ʣȻףȴܹʹ
СʦڣѾöδˡ
ħ𡭡һαˣǸһֱŬĿԡ
˷ţĽŲ΢΢һ١ֻ߳һǰľɫȴĳװͺһ̶һ㣬ڵĵƹ⾹һ㶼޷͸
ֲǿκĵƹ⡣
Ҳ𣿡Сʵ
ǵԼԼǿϯĵƻġ
һᣬȴûκλشãȻĻعͷȴһֱף䣬֪ʱˡӣһ㣬ϸȥȴʲô塣
Χʲô壬Ҳһ˿һ
˲֮ǰ侲ķţһȴͻȻż
ڰƺЩʲô
Сʦ֣Сʦ𣿡ΧȴʲôͺڰֻʣԼһ㡣
۵״һ˿ţѡתֻڡ
ͺһӴӺڰһ㣬վڵʱŷԼͷ϶亹һԵף˻״æס꣬𣿡
һĿЩӡ
ڸոգҲףһ̣Ȼûÿ뿪ֻܺʣԼһˡ겢һϲ˵ˣִʱҲٻҪȥˡ
ȻΪףĲڶе¡
ԡСʦֶ˵ѾôҪ


 68 

Ϣһ, Żֻ֮ǰͺܲɫڸѿڻ谵£һʱֲǰǲĻš
ףһ, ̲סָָ⡣Ȼ쳣, ܸоһ˿˵¶ȡף˿, 굹һů裬ȥ, ǵǡ
û¡ůů, Щٻ˼Ҳʼա
ĺڰԲͨڣЩڰƺ˵Ӱ죬ոաΪף䲻ڶ£ҲûôķӦ
еĺ𡭡
鲻̫, ˵Ǳĸ, ƫƫ֤Сʦֵ˼, ô򵥡ҵĲУûʱϸ롣
ʱҲ𣿡²豭, ʵ
ףҡҡͷ, üͷ
졭ʱպڲ, үͽϲ磬Ϳ˻طϢʱΪǵү֪Сү²ǰ˷˻
ȻأҼǵõʱſڡн̸ġ
ף˵ͷʱ󲿷ֿ˶ϣ뿪ˣֻм˷Ҫһ٣ͻȻӦ, Ǽˡ
˳ǣţҲǲߡ
ҼϲŵĹ涨˶֪ˡҲֻвߣŻ᲻涨ӲҪŴ֡
ף΢΢ۣǼ˵ſ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
Щʲôֵĵط𣿡ʡ
ֵĵطף΢˼һ£ͻȻһ£ʱЩ˶ŵǵɫ֣ǰɫġ
˵磬ӦúɫĵŶԡ
ҡмһˣСһȻܲǲСģʱЩ˶˲ͣһ½Ųλ˵Ŀܹ졣Ǹ˵ʱıҲ֡
ֻǵʱһļҵ꣬ҲûйЩ¡Щ˵Ŀ⿴Ͳǻˡ
ЩɫĹ⡭򴽣¶ǣֻоԽԽңǸ㻹ǵ𣿡
ףͷӦһ
ȥ꿴ĺڰ
ûаɫĵûа취Ҳֻܷļƻ
ڶһ磬ѹ֮󣬾һ˴ȥ˿סԺӡϲѾȥ죬ЩЩû뿪ҼҵƺҲûдߴٵ˼
ɵĸףһ·ϰһλٷ˵ﵽ˼¡
ֻתһȦףҲûмλˣǸǵĴ󺺶ûпм죬ȥԺӵĿˣûм
һ˲õĲ롣
˶ס𣿡ףˡ
˹ǵģСү
ǵĿأ
үǵĿ˽һ뿪ˡ
ȥԺӣ˷쳣뿪ҼˣôܣȻǲţ¶֮ԼҲϡףº󣬿꣺ô죿
Щԥ
õİ취Ȼף䣬ԵСүݣЩ˸׼һյˣףݺпܱɣЩʧĿˣ뿪ҼˣǰԱҼҴˡ
ȻӦ֮ǣ̫ͣõĽҲܼª
ǿǿħˣѵûһ㽱𡪡Ȼ²ۣǰ취˻ȥ
û취ĪĶףǺݲġ
ȡ꿪ڡ
ꡪһֵ
ͷķ˹ȥȴǼһ˴ӡ˿ˣƺҲЩ裬ȴûӵĵӡ
ߡ
˲ȷ˵ݣͲµ֮лвߣԱ鲢ȣףüǳ˭Ժˣúź͵
˱һ˲һ˿ɻλҼү̣Ҳй䣬߲࣬Żǡ
ףѵܿ˹ܼҵעλܼҲڵҼҴãСүɿĺҪǸСȥ
һ¡ף俴һۣ˾ҶСүķ񣬰͵ԺҪԵĽѵ
⡭ܼҳһ£ûü˵ͿСү˰˴ˡ
ˣҲǸ˶ѡ

صԺӣףͰЩ˸ϳȥȷû̸ףſǸˣķģ
ʱ仰֮ǰӦԱô˲ϵֻǿףı鲻̫á
ף΢΢һЦΪ䣬Աŵʱ򣬾ףЦĵ˵ҪȥϷˣ˵ҴǸԺӵ£ʲô
ɫ˲˱䣬⼸ʧȻ֪λϷ˲ǡƫƫڵݣǵҼܳĵСүôҷ˵λҷ˻пֱ϶⡣
Ʒ壬໴˼˴Ｗ֡
ףϱ鵭˵˲뵽ǸСߣһĻģӡ
࡭˼ظ֣΢΢ۣȴû˵Լֵ˼
ԭ㰡ף俴໴˼һۣѾ˲뵽˺ṷ̈ȥķ֮ǰ˵ɣʲô£
໴˼״֪֪ԼȴԼݣҲûֱӰ̭˵ԼϤҲûʲôԹ
ֻˣΧ̫ˣ໴˼һʱҲ벻ˡ
ҲֵҼҲԾˣ໴˼쿪ʼ˵ڲϵļ٣ЩҲ뿪ˣҹʧˡ
໴˼ס˷ģ˷ǰ˸סһԭҺĺѷʧ١ʧʵ̫ˣܻ˷Щߡ
Щ˸˵ǰһոһ͹ڲ²ǲǲߣڶһ磬ܼ˵λҹ뿪ˡ
һˣ˵λм£òҹ뿪߸˶δҲ̫һЩ
ʣµĲ߲֪ж٣ڶδȶᱻ̭໴˼أĿǰϡ
Ȼ鲢û˵ô⣬ô˵ֻҪ֡Ͼ⼸죬Ѿ˵ʵ̫ࡣ
ףûлǿꡣֻԼȻûʲôӵȤǸȣף㶼ûϡδȣڵȷҪһ˵Ķѣò׵͸û취ҹС
໴˼ЩȣΪĻǵСүû뵽Ȼλٷˡ
˵ĿⶼͣϣԺһʱ
ֻ˵һᣬҲûпڵ˼ֻǵͷ֪Щʲôףüķһʲô
ףΣ⣬⡣
껹
ף̾˿ȴǲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻһ˿ִսЩ΢΢ͷֱߣһˣˡ


 69 


ջ˲, ЩãȻףĿţԭ΢԰׵ɫٵı졪һƬ㡭
˵ףҺʲô, һתͷ໴˼Ա߿š
˻ȥ㡣ҧС
ף俴ͨĶ, ȻԼоʲô, ĺһ
ͻȻҵСߵ淨
꿴ףı飬ͻȻЩͺƺҪʲô, Ȼô, Ҳ벻ôþףЩʲô
ӵ¾ˡתͷһԻڵŵ໴˼, Ȼ˵ЩϢǶ֪, 㻹ʵķ, Ҳһºˡ
Ҳ˰ɣʵ
໴˼ɵĵ˵ͷˣҵʱڵֵԲûȥ, ô𣿡
ǾǱһԺ﷢, Ժиݾ, ǾЩ⡣
໴˼׷ʣʲô⣿
üҪԼȥˣǿɻǾ֣ɱˡ
໴˼˶٣Ŀ˸£ŵͷл˵꣬תҪԺߡ
һ¡һԵף俪ڽס໴˼
໴˼, Щ裬ġ
ף΢΢һЦȻҼҷ뽻ʲôȻǿԵġ
㡭໴˼ü
㿴ҽеԺӣ˵ҪúõĽѵ㣬ҪǾôõ߳ȥҵҼСүķţףЦģֻ˵Ļȴ໴˼һ
ʵ򲻴νʱ˲Сߣʵ̫ˡ
ħˣɴӲš
㣡໴˼˵ʲôȴףһƴؿڣԭҪ˵ĻǷ
죬˶֪и˵˵СүǱСүѪ죬Ǳ̧СүԺӵġ
ۡǳˡŲԶС̸̲סһԵף
˵Ȿ˴õģôֻӣף仹ûס޶һͷˣ͵Цˡ
ͷҲٶŪף䡣
ʵⲻ໴˼ݵһϷ໴˼Ҳʱ˵ݣףҲҪڵϷһЩֵ
ףСߣ˷߹հ˹գڹյһԺӡ
Ժ˿СүæվӭȥСү
ȣаǸҳףֱӿڵ
࿴˼֮һ۵˴һ˳˴һƾɵͷţ͸ͨûʲô
ף΢ֹ䣬ȻԼСҪˣҲûʣУˣߡ
ʣµ˿˿ͻȻ뵽Ǹİˣ˵˻ûãΪƹأֱӶ档
ףû˼ЩʲôķԸа˴Ժӡ
Ժʯţ˵ЦŶ֣
ףȻȻλаˣɻֵ̿վԱߣŵĲ˵
ˣˡ½ʦܣݼȥøӰ۶Բ㡣
½Ϳŵһ٣Ƭ̣ڷϣǰĵҼٷ˿ʵأ
½ʦܵ˺ܶ࣬½ʦܣȴзΪεģֻһˡ
ʦ㣿
˵ͷ½Ϳӣ֪Ϊʲôڴ֮½Ϳһôߵķˡ
Щ֮ˣ˷˵ãȥһˣǵҼүݣĶҷ˵ĻɡȻڹ¶½ͿЩ¸Ѳ
ֲá
ףʦ֣½ͿĿֿһԵף䡣
ף֪ΪʲôԼȥ˴ֻǡСһֱһģô֪˾½ͿףЩˬȻ½ͿûʲôɫҲֻһ
ˣ¿Է˰ɣһߵʯΡ
½Ϳ˹ȴûߣ档
ף䲻̫ÿɫŻЩ
½Ϳɫɨףı飬û뵽ʦȻףʦͬһˡ
ô鵽ʲô𣿡½ͿƹȥһȲ衣
ԺûбˣҲ˿
½Ϳ˵ͷ豭ŵһԣҼʮǰһ֣ʱƺܴ󣬳ڵĵү͵ҷ֮⣬ĵҼѪ׶ڻɥˡ
ͫ΢˻棿
½Ϳ˵ͷΡС㷿ڵѾߣЩ˵ʱС㲻һ꣬Ǳ˴ӻﱳ˳ӹһ١
˶ڻɥƫƫλҲδ̫ˡټϵҷ˶ڵҴСֵ̬ȣﲻЩ
ңǲڣ˻طϢֵ˻õһֵûǸֻҪ˷žͻ뵽һƬڰֻǶ˼Ҳ᳹ʧںڰ½Ϳ뵽ʲôɫò̫á
֪ԼСʦĺãʱٶһѾ̭ˡ
ǳȥˣ½Ϳĺ£΢΢һʵ
˵ͷȥŷ£õʱûߡ
ĵĿģһԵףȴ൱ˬ½Ϳ̸۵Ķ£ףҲ˺ü̳ˡ
ԼСƾʲôҪˣ


 70 

˵Сү, ǵСҲ÷ˣûã˴һѾ߽ˡ
½Ϳ˽֮ǰѾվ, ͷվף, һͨСˡȵѾԱվ, ҲûκζĶû̧ͷ˼
ү, ˴ˡ
ףˬ, ֻǰ˰ֱ֣£û˵һ䡣
ڱ·ϣ˲², ½Ϳʱ, Ѿ³ǰ˵ݡ
ֻû뵽, ʦȻףʦֳ˷ޣһܰ䡣
뵽͵͵, ˵Сүٷһ, ȥЩӸȻ, ٷ󣬷ξ̲סЦ
ĸ˽Ӵ˲һܴϢȻͬ
θĶǴӵСԺڵѾǣϢϢ飬õʵûж١½ͿЩ˽Ӵ࣬Ѿ߰˸ˡ
꽫ǰһԺӵ˵, ˵Լף䣬챾ҹȥǸȴס¡
Ǻк£ȫ޷ҲӰǵ
½ͿȻ֪⣬ûԳȥθǵСѾߣûҹš
Ļֻܵҹˡ½ͿҹҵֵԴǳȥ
ţС꿴Σڵǳһʼǵõˡ
һǳʲô𣿡
ͷѵҷ˶ԵҴСǹŹֵ̬˵ˣεı΢΢һֲãСǵҼҵĵŮԴöȸ㲻Ϻá
죬ûҷС㡣
Ҳ˵ڵĵҷ˺͵үܲԭˣ
ҲҲ²ʲô½ͿͷζǱףģΪܹ鵽ĶҲֱӱף㶼뿪ˡ
ȵԺֻʣ˺εĿף䡣СʦָղҲ֪ôһֱһԵģһԸɢ䡣
ôˣεʵ
ף鲻ôáС⣬ȫԴֱ꣬ͨȣҪ˰֪Լ˵Ҫ
ˣҪš
ôţף̾˿˳Դû£컹Ҫȥ𣿡
ĬĬķסԼͷΪҼٷˣÿͷ̳һ൱ӵģڵѾ߸ŪãǱףŪˣԼɲŪ
һͷڻ磬ڹƻʱԳȥߡ
ȥתתɡ¥¥֮ĵطӦû̽СϢˡ
ףü΢Щȡ
֮ǰһֱϣϴɽʱ껹һʲô֪ӣȴԷ˵˽⡣
ףǱԺԼ鵽һЩ¡
߰ɡվף䡣
ףع񣬵˵ͷ

ҼСүˣ
˸ճŲãͱ˶ˡµˣŻ಻ףһ湫ӵģЩ˼ף䣬˵ЩʲôͿ˱ǣŵꡣ
ǡͷ˿꣬¶һ˿м
Ȼǲ֪˭ֻƲݰˡ
ЩӸ˵һŮȷ㲻ʲô绨¥ĹʵҲ벻ͨΪʲôҼҷҪȢôһλˡ
ĿЩӣ˵һֺܾ顣ǰΪռŮΪ岻öܹͬ飬ûбƲ
ڴ֮ȻһʼСʦõǣҲû˸ҵ˵ġ⻹ǵһ˵棬ˡ
ʾֲġ⡯ΪʲôҪ
һԵףȴҪըˡ
ף俴ǰ껻һ壬ֻҪһģǾСʦáڣȻ˸ҵ棬ꣿ
ɱ˵˰ɡ
ףޱĿǰˣ￪ʼĥţҪôڲעĿ£Щ˶
ȡ̲סһ
ǼӸ粻ͨˣɱ֮Ķֻվףߵ꣬һʱ䷢λϢԡ
ɱ۳ѵǼԴȥˡ
εקקף䣬ĿŶ棬òʹɱﵡ
Сʦ֣ˡյףߣС
ף˲񣬲ͷѾϸ΢亹æס꣬˵ˣܣұȥǱϢһ¡
껹ûܷӦ͸оһᣬʶĻסףĲĪľѾףĻˡ
ȡ
ף䱧꣬ûٿǼӸһֱۣתһԵĲ¥
һ¡Ѿˣģ˵ꡣ
ף仳˶һ˵ϢΧȴûа㲻ʣҵѵ̣˵嵽˭춼סˣ̧ͷǶȣĿСʦĽ͵ǡ
һֱף¥ϣع
ô𣿡ףһԣڻܿԼ
գգۣȴͻȻЦЦСʦôãԺҲ֪ļҵĹ
ף䱻⻰Ūһ㶣ûҪ˵ʲôȴѾתͷһߵСС衣
Сֽ˺裬һԣףҲٿڣֻԼĥ˼
ȵС뿪ףæڣСʦã㡭
磬˵Сү֡
ףһ٣ĬĬһѹҪħתͷͿոڽϵǼˣȻŽˡ
£ףʵ
Ǽ˵ɫ̫ãףǲͬı飺֣ǵҼҵСүԺҼҵмҵģôһСѾͷʲôõģԺҪʲôĹҪû⡣
԰԰ⲻǸûõѾͷҲÿֲӶڿ㻻һء
ļҲӦ͡
ףĿ⼸ˣĿ͸ɵһңҺòȢϱˣ
⡭ֵ֣ΪãϾҼҵĸһӣ˵ȥҲ԰ɡ˵
ףû뵽ϻôɵˡתһ룬ҼСүȻ˻һ𣬹ҲǸӴġˣɵӼƽϡ
ˣǲ˵ףڰ֣ûǾÿɡ
㡭Щ˱鲻̫ãƺ˵ЩʲôȴקסˡǼ͸¶ŶףĲȴһ˿⡣
ԵҼҵ𡭡Ҽȷû˸ǡ
ף˼Ǽ뿪
Сʦôᣬ᲻Ǽֵܣ᲻˵Ĺأ̧֣ף䵹һ裬Цʵ
ףعΣʲôֻһ
궯һ٣ٿȻ̧ͷţ


 71 

걻ףһ仰, Ū˼£ع񣬷Ӧף˼ӦǡΪСү, ֻôһϱ
ôһ, һĨɢˡ
ȵ, ΪʲôҪ
ãȻһ˲ȴֲȥϸ롣Ҳ, ΪʲôԼһ, ЩȰŵСүϱʱ쳣ѹ
ͺԼʧһ
عҡҡͷ, ٶЩ¡
ףôı, Ӿ㵼еѹãȻ, Ȼ󡪡ûˡ
оԼһܺõĻᡣ
¥Ȼףִ֮ѡģеĿȴ١һ¥ǸãһΡõ϶¥¥, ¥ʷ¥ǿŵ, Ա߷ǼΡһС, òţˡ
һ¥̧ͷܿڶ¥һλ˵ˡ΢˵ȴǽȡǧ걦֮ȴֱѰĹ¡
̨µŵĲ, 룬ȴС
үкηԸСʵ
ףȴüĿڲ¥һתȻǵҼҵı־¥ȻǵҼµģ˿һۣףԭʵĻȥСȥЩƲˡ
ȵС£Щͷ۵ǣˣдһľ¥¥ƶǵҼƿŵġ
ǸʣƲһӣϢͻᴫλϷ˵Ķ
ˣȳԵ㶫ףһȥұĵط
˵ͷֻǱɲ̫ɡüŬţҪ̽Ϣ˲¥֮Ļ
ˣ
۾һ죬ǻط
ףԴϣƵĻγһʺš
ִߵ£ڲʱʹӲ¥˳ȳ֮ȴ˼ҵ̣һԵסĶңף䴩ȥ
⡭ףԼæţֻĿЩãʲô
û취ίһ£ҼСүҪǳڡǼȥ̫עĿˡ
ˡ
ף˱죬еСίһԣԼ
Сүʲôݣ
˶ڵû˿õףȻҲ˷ǵҼҵСүԼȴҪʲôڣȻ˶֪Сүףӳʲôʵû֪
ҽֱǺ«ϴүǺ«˼仰󡣾ô޼ɵĴŵҼСүﴩȥûþͰѵҼҸŵ˸˦ˡ
˲һӣͣ
ף俴ǰĳ΢΢üͳеķͬһƬƾɵķ·һ̾Ҫˣ·߶Ÿڵ˸ҸţҲֻ΢΢̧ͷһۺֱۡ
ҲڳУףʵ
˵ͷСƹϵˣСף͵ƶߣе˺ٻ
ÿشֻɫشֵطһ˵ӡǣࡢңҪһ㡣
ף䣬ͣһԺ⡣ԺõһˣˣԺӵҲѾҡҡ׹ף䶼ȥΨԼһžҪˡ
ʲôˣ
һ·ӵˣע⵽ˡ
ͷһԵǽԭһꡣͷģϵǻɾĿˣֻûӡ
ȻҶС̬ȡ
ףһü͵ĺһǰһ־ͱ½ǣק˻ȥ
ŴףߺߵĿڣҪң
ף˳˻ֻЩ䡣
ԭ׺ޣѾƴѵǰ֪ôĶˡһԵԱһƸڵϣȻЩίǹԹԵſ
ĬĬĸԼһƣĺ˼ˡ
ҳ³ģס𣿡ĿλƽУʵ
ɫΪĶЩԵ˵ͷֻĿɲ̫ƣҳʲô£
ף΢΢ۣȻĻûֱӷϵȴһֱȥҲû취ܲ޳ذɡ
⡭ЦģǺҪ£Ҫҳ
֮ת˼ȦΪѵĵ˵ͷҿ԰һ³һ¡
˵ͷ˳ţԺȥģ껳궼ûǸš
ƵĿԡ
³˭һԵף̲סʳ˿ڡ
ԼСʦãô֪ʱʶˣ


 72 

걻ףʵһ, תͷһʵķ˻ȥ㲻֪
ҸʶףüŬһ¡ֵֻģħħЩ, ôһͨͨ, ףʵǵԼ
εĿ, ղǸǺ«үү˵һƬϢͨ, ͽг³
·, һ·Ѱ˹
СʦħħôôħôĲ˵ģ
ɻ
ĺܿ죬һûˣƿš
лף䴩ҡҡ׹, ߽Ժ
ԺӲ, ɹ·, ЩݡԺӵһǣȦ֪ЩʲôӺ󣬻һЩƾɵˮ
⿴һͨũҵԺӡ
Щֹ, λѾε߸˵Ĳ²ˡ
һʼ, ΪǸ鱨, Ȼʱ򣬾ƷˡϾƶߡ
ΪǸؤȻȵԺӣȴǷԼˡ
ΪǸʿʱԺȷĸλǸԼֵصͨ˶ѡ
оûʼ, ԼΡ
ĪеܸС
ɡߵǰڴһ΢˻Ƶ
űվסǲһȥˡ
˶٣ָ̧ƿţͱףס
ף佫껤Լְƿˡ
ߡһԵ꿴ףĶһ
ȻѾ˽Ժ˵ľһֱû¡Ƕף䣬Լڵʵʵ϶ʲôˣ
ףûʲôȤȥһƽϣȿһһڡ
ȻƾɣȻɾࡣ乲Ϊ䣬ֻһЩ裬͸м磬ܹһӰڼ䡣һǰ̧ƺǵ˱衣
û£߰ɡ갲קקף䡣
˽ݺ㽫ŹϣԼſڼš
ƹ磬Ҳǰˡ
ʵ
˵˵ͷõĲƵӵһߣλɡ

űţڱ۾˯עһֱΧ衣ϵǣһʱ䣬˾ʹڳˡһµվĿɨǸֵ˻ǴŶң顣
һŮӡ꿴ֶ꣬ԼЦһ£Լͷ
֣
æˣߺߵģĶܲѾˣҪͷСˡ
Ҳգ˳ָһǿ飬ͷ˵˾仰뿪ˡ
鷳ˣС
˶һ£βŻعͷ˿ǿ飬ֿ˿˵ıӰͷתӡ
ڣԭڼˣѾվźĵ˵ͷȴЩ˽ֽݸ꣬Ź˳ȥ
˳ֽӹֽȴû˼ֻһʡ
Լô¶ģ

Ǹǳ³ףһ£û뵽
ϸһ£̬Ȳãûʲôرġ
˵ͷȻصĺܺãʶķӦƭˣټʵ̫ˣ̽ͱ¶ˡ
߰ɣصҼҡ꿴һɫһʱҪˣҲˡ
˻صҼҵʱײҪҵСүļūףһ᲻ү˶˻ȥ»᲻ᱻϷ֪Ǿνˣ֮ǰСүһϲܣڲǴԼϱһܶѡ
ûֱӻԺӣڵҼתһȦ
˲ˣ뿪ˡ
ʱҪˡ
ҹףڴߣŴĿȴۣͷ컨塣ãͻȻףķ򣺡Сʦ֣˯𣿡
ףۣ⣺ûУôˣ
գգ۾ȴ
ⴲǵСү֮ǰ⻻ģִֿĸ涼㹻ټôŲŲϵóһƬĵط
ףһϣͻȻһ뷨ȴֲҶ룬ΨԼ̫ࡣ
Сʦ֣ҲɻɡСҪȥûʱϢˡ
ףɵĿ˿꣬Ȼı˿ûб䶯·ղ˵ģֻףԼԸѡ
áףӦȴǷ˴Եĵط
ܸоĿһֱϣҲ֪Щʲô
ףӲһᣬûסתͷ꣬öĿ⣬ںڰҲһ鶯ֻڶϵ˲䣬Ǳץס˶Сӣ˲۾ˡ
ҡ˯ˣСʦٵ˵һ䣬ͰԴڱˡ
ãףҲص
ڶ죬ȵѹʱѾûˡԼԼ˵ڴϣʣµЩڶ⣬ϸ˹ȥ
½Ϳף䣬˵½Ϳ
һ˲ˡ½Ϳ˶٣ֽ˵Ժӣзʲô𣿡
Ժӵġ໴˼
Щ
ףģǣùܣһ޹ص·˶ѡ
û뵽˾Ȼôʣ֪ڵ¾ȥ鿴
ˣûȻȥɣٹף俪ʼˡ
üܸоף½Ϳ̬Ⱥ֣ʦʦ֮䣬Ҳ̬ȲǶͬţеǡʦͽ̬ܵһ
û˯ãӶʼ˼ˡ
⴫ĽŲ½Ϳ뿪Ҳûڴĥ䣬ʰһ£˷䡣
˯ˡף˹ַ굽Ժǰ£ֽһȺõ˹
˵Դ֪֮СʦֺͶչˡ
˵ͷӹлɵĵͷࡣ
ףɫ󣬲΢ġ
ʦܱ̭𣿡ڣͽƵһߡ
ףüţȥǿھں·ˡ
˵꣬ƵǰĿҲĶꡣ
һ㲻꣬Ҿһֱ̬ȡ
Σùֺ֮˼ڡֻʵǺȲ£ǿк˼ڣоһؿͻȻһʹ
ȿȿȡת̧ͷǲ֪ʱһѪ
ףͫ΢ٿȻվô£
껹ЩãȻ˳ǣʶԼѪ˿ǺܵϾҲ죬жġ
۵ˡ꽫ǵѪɾ˵
ףܱôŪȥץסȴΪŪô£
Σ̧ͷף䣬ˣֲġĻʧףصı飬ȴҲ˵Ļ
ˣףĿⷢʵ
򴽣һֱֻǽЩ
屾ǲӣ֮ǰǲŵġΪ˲鶫һֱߣȻܲסܹŵڲѪѾܲˡ
ۿףǰ𽥵ͳβ͵ĻҲʧĴš
û£Ҳûʲôо۵ĺ
Ȼûз֣Сʦôá
ףһ֪ԭûˣĿҲôʹ


 73 

ҹ, ǰů裬һ߿ŴߵСʦ֣ĬĬ̾˿
ԴӰ췢״̬ãףһԱ״̬
ڡû, ôվߡ˵, ƫƫԼ˵, ҲأעһֱԼϡܸо, Сʦֵ鲢á
Լʵûʲô, ȶÿҲײͬһиҪ˷ѡ
ףСү˵һʼϯѵĵط½ͿͷʦǣβϷ˷, ѵĵط, ŵСү, Ҳ㹻ΪǹŮᱻ쳣Ψһѵǡ
һֱһֺܼе̬, ŬѰŸ, Ϊʱ䲻ࡣ
û뵽Сʦѹ
Сʦ֡ŴʧıӰ, 껹ûסڵ͵ͻһ
ף䷴Ӧܿ죬æͷһ絽ߣĴ꣺ôˣﲻҪ̫ǽͲˡ
Ҫġ
򴽣ԭ˵Ļȴô˵ڡ
һֱԼһ˳еǰĲʹ, ֮һʼֹԮľ磬궼ҪԼȥҪȥˡ
֪ԼǺʱϰߣҲΪСʱҪʱֻԼһޡǱʹĥ˯ȴٿ֣ΧҲֻܿԼΪ
ѧԼԼѧʹҲȥ˵
Ȼ̧ۿһף䣬̲סһ˿ѹ
Сʦֶ̫ˣŷŶաȵСʦδޣõСʦ־ͻΪ˼ҵģҪΪ˱ӶԶСʦ֡ͻȻ뵽Լ֮ǰǸξСʦִ飬ֻڽ俴šһ뵽ԼԺҪСʦԶֹסܡ
ĬĬѹѹĿڣһҪĴ
Сʦ֣ͻȻ̧ͷף䣬ǡĲߣ㡭
ţףûĻȷڻȶ˿Сʦãôˣ
Сʦ֣ǸˡͷЦ
ףĬˣ⻹һյۡǲѪȣ飬ᡭ
Ǳô˵ףܻһЦȻһȭħȥƫƫ˵⻰ˣ۰СߡףҲֻһε֣ķңˣúϢ
ף䣬ĲħͻȻӿһɳ嶯һסףƣСʦ֣ǡ
ơ⴫΢Ļ
ţʲôףûֱȥţǵ˵ȥ
һ٣侲
ͻȻ̧ͷһͷȻûбˣ֮ȴһȹУ϶ڲ鿴һʻпܻ˻ɵСʦϡ
Ĭҡҡͷû£ȿŰɣ½ʦ̫ܵá
ףû˵ȥ˼˵ͷš
½Ϳҹɫ˽һֽ
Ҳһο˵İ򣬿ǹŴõ֣Ұ׵ĹֻһСƬ䡣
꿴ĳȣ΢΢üȡܹ𣿡
еİ򣬲һָҪȼһ㡣
ģպܾá½Ϳ͵Щ˴ô̵ĸʱ
΢΢ġ
Ҫһףԥƺ˵Щʲôȴֹˡ
û¡֪ף䵣Լٵ󣬿ڷ֮ǰͻΪŲס̭֡
ף俴ᶨı飬ǰȰĻ˻ȥ
Ĺʵ̫Сˣһ˵ʱ㹻˵ʱЩǿ˵Ļͺڰ֮С½ͿҪǰŵףںһᣬüζ뵽ڰ
ЩȻɢɶ˵˼Ӱ졣ףڳ֮ǰе䣬ڱһӰ죬˵ԶʼüΣ궼ʶԶף䣬Щһ̤˺ڰ֮С
СһΰӺڰıԵקףסǰ½ͿûȵԺӣǾͺпʧں
ҲоԼĲԾǡף䣬ҪܵĲǾϵʴϵС
ô죬Ļ´εֵҪȵº󡣡½Ϳٵȵȡ
Уȥһתͷף䣬Сʦ֣鷳һ𣿡
˵꣬Ҳûףش𣬾;Եͷֱ˵ףĻ
ף佩סˣʶĻرסꡣ
Сʦ̫ʵˣůģ¶ȵģģҷͻһȭʻԭǲֹģ˲䰲
ףǵոյħ֮λʱƺʹҪʲô
ʱףشʲôѾǵˣڿԸĴ𰸡
ԸС
꣬СʦֻǰţѾ㹻ɢԺ󡭡קףָ⣬΢΢ף䶼ϸ΢塣
С󶼺ܷϵûҪʲô
Сʱ֪Լ˶ãʱܻȥʲôȵȥ֮Щֲܸһʲôأ
ûʲôȫģ˻ȵȥ֮Ʒᱻȥ˵ĻǸĸҲи
£ߵﶼûʲôռ
ǵһΣһˡһˡռ
Сʦģûߡ
ȿȿȡһԵ½Ϳأ˰λĬĬĿ
Ȼ֪Լôܻᱻ򣬵òˡɣܾôţһֱȽ
ͻȻеˡ
ףĬĬߣԼͽܡ
֪Ϻȣ
½ͿҲҪҪɵĴףĻ˳ָֻקף䡣
һɨ֮ǰ̧ͷףЦСʦ֣ҿǣ𣿡
ףãȻԡ
һԼǲ˻þĴǻγ֡
ȴ൱ȻģԼָųһţףġףԼϣԴһ˿ɻĿ⣬껹Цųգգۡ
߰ɡףǾϲãĿڡ
ϲȻǶСʦͻȻ׽֮ǰȻϵܺãǸһʲôףȻԼżֲԸΪԼСʦãҲôȥڣ˱뿿꣬ôȣտѡҲֻ
ףһֻСӵĶǣצͼСǰԼαװһֻ޺ļȮҡβͺСӿġתͷȴԥĽĺĺҧ飬κӽԼСӡ

Ȼܱɣף⣬ͲʲôˣֻҪܵõԼҪģֶαһЩΣ겻֪Щ
οϣû˱㣬Ҳû˱ʺꡣ
ħħ˿ɵ㣬ҲĶ֡СʦҪʲôԸȡţҲûܹ۸ꡣҪţСʦֵһֱ
Եȡ
ܿЩŮ֮²ҲҪغܾõ׼ǴӸղһʼ̬Ⱥһ˿仯
ף˵壬ܸоʲôˡ
ͷԼĵСȭͷսָ⡣
߰ɡףһԵŵ½Ϳȴûɿ
͵ߵСӣûߵĵ
лҪ˵Ϊҿʮǰᣬ̫ˡ
ȻΪҿʮһڼᣬڿ̫ˡ
ҪӸᰡqaq

 74 

ҹĵҼҰĿ, ûзļӲֹͣĲ
ף佫ϵ·˳־ͰԼ
ҹȻûô䣬ǻЩ, ״̬, ǲС, ֱӾͱͳȥ 
ףԲô, һ꿪ʼ͵òʧˡȻ, ֻ̧ͷһۣ㰲ĵˡ
ĬĬǰ·½Ϳ
ܸоԼЩʲôԼԵĶ
еš
֮ǰ·ϵһЩʱ䣬Ժε·, ˶ߵĺܼСҼں, ֻмѲӵĹ, ҲǴһЩһ·ϣȫĻˣֻҪЩǰ߾Ϳˡ
һֱԺ, ˲ͣ˽Ų
ԺӵĴѾ, ûš
꿴Щ, ûû취ֱƻҪȥĻֻһ򡭡
ꡣһ
ףջϵ֣ԭõѾһԭˡ˳ֽףƿ, һԵ½ͿվŲ΢΢üߣ
½ͿŻع߹ǿƿԺţһѾϵ
ʦܱ갡
Ժڵʯ鶼ѾɾЩϸСʯڵϣСĲȵŤ˽סֵǣһʼ겻СĲȵһʯӣ֮ûڵϿʯˡ
ѲԺﱻôɾ
ǰ½Ϳü΢΢˶ŬάԼƽ⣬żӽ·ɹʯӾ
Ͼʦ׷ʦܸʦϺȡʦܲܲҪʯӵʱ򣬾ʯֱӷɳȥ
ˡƽȡĵ˾ڱߡ
½Ϳȶǵġ
˾֮ȻûףôĸоҲܿʶھȷԾԺﶼΪݵҳһţʰãܿҵĺۼ
ھûֻ̫ǽ⣬Ŀ⾮˵ǿݾڵʯ鲻ûѣܸɾ
ͺ񾭳˲һ
ף佫껤Լǰȥһ۾ס⾮ϣȻף˳һʯӶȥʯһȴǵ˵ϵ
ûˮףĿ΢΢ţ˳һ˿ֵħϢҵ˾µаš
ãȻţŬ˰죬Ҳûҵף˵İš
ú򡣡ף䶣һһֱֽӱǰһֻ½Ϳ죬ֱ䵽˾
걻ף令ܲ͸磬ûиܵһ˿硣ڵʱЩãȻǡף
⾮ױҪ̫ˣ̧ͷԿ⾮ľھȻбŵģڵĵطխԽ·ΧԽ
ôľסҪʲô
갵˼š
ߡףȴھͣ˼룬תͷȥһߵľڡ
ʯڴóǿյġ
һ㶣תͷոտȥûӦͿףѾƿһʯ顣
ʯǿյʯʯڵŵƣȻҲǿʯߣӦǸܵ
꣺
ȵȣСʦٶҲ̫˰ɣ
һԹ½ͿǿˣŹʦӴ鷳ҪˣԼֻҪɺþͿˡ
ףǰһְʯϣûע⵽ĵطһħ˳ʯϢӽȥգ۵ĹףѾʯĹ졣תͷ֣꣬߰ɣû¡
Ĭģȥ
½Ϳʼ磬֪Ҫ֮ʦǲܼǵú滹һ˵ġ
ʯ¶Ⱥܵͣһ֮ԡҪ紵û͸оϵĺëֱ
ףԥϵ£ֱļϡʱͲһϵѪɫûˣоϲ¶ȣ΢һЩ
ֻ¶ȣףʯԵЩտЩĶ
½ͿˣףֵطϤ¶ȲֻΪ¶ȵͣΪ桭ЩܲõĶš
˵Сʦú䣬ħ¶ȺҲߣǲӦЩû¸ɵ£ȥЩܹȵһʱȥħħ̫䲻Ըô죿
ףһһ߸˴·ȻҲûߴ
ʯĲ·ܶ࣬ÿһף䶼ܺܿҵȷ·ߣͺʯһ
һʼľȣѾˣֻףĿԽ
ԼͻСʦֻ᲻ħСʦ־ȻôĿŵΣ޼ɵչԼ
Ͳֱ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪û˼ţĿⲻɫһۡ
귢Լ˼ܲԣ˵СʦħӦԶԶģȥʦħͷߡȻڣȴĸףпյСʦûб¶ݡ
ôôͶˣ
ʯת˼Ȧܸо·һֱߵģ˿Ҫʱſߵܵľͷ
ͷһţſһӰ˴ս˲ſ壬ǺӰһֵʯ
һ͵ʯ񣬿Ǻüֶƴһ𣬿˵Ĺ졣
΢΢üʶĶʯоԸ
ˡףͻȻֱ֣ӵǰ
ǰʯ񱻺ڰڸסʶԼǳһ亹ûÿף֣Ǿôϣ˼ΣоԼ˹ſڣǡʲô
ףû˵ֻĿĿʯ
ʯϢĻ˻ҳ
һԵ½ͿҲãȻļʶף䣬ܸоԼǱʶʯĿҪɵģûʯͷ
߰ɡףҲ֣ô꣬һֱֻӽƿ
ϵǣź󲢲һ䷿䣬һܴĶߡڶߵĶģ˳ǰߣܿһ¥ݣ˳ʯڱԵһ·£ںģ徿ж
ڼ˵棬һ޴ʯ
ʯֻǸƷȴԼԼĿŵǵҼҵλϷˣ
ǡ½Ϳտ˵֣Ͱãæ졣
ʯʵ̫ˣ΢һᱻŴŲزסҺãʯȻæµţȴûע⵽ͻȻֵļˡſҲûţͺȫĻ˴һ㡣
кҲпܻ˴Ŷԡ
΢΢üͷһ۵Ƕѷĩ
Ǹʯ񡭡
ȻǸʯڵĻĻҪʲôЩ˶֪ʯҲҪٵš
Щæµ˶ͷ˴֮ҲûκνֻʯѵһۿȥҲֲ˭ǹµˡϸĹ۲ʯĿȴʯϡ
ʯΨһһѾɵĲλǣֵϣһֵĵ¯Ϊ̫Զ̫ǵ¯ȴĪĺ⡣
ʱʯǴϸ΢ĽŲ
лҪ˵ֻһ¶ȱ仯ϴ󣬴ע·
Īղʶð˵=-=
Ϣȥˡ

 75 

Ϸ鲢á
ò׽Լӵ, ֻҪȴͿˡȻʱ򣬵ҼĪһֵˡЩ֮ǰûκ֮ͺͻȻһ˶һ㣬, ԵҼҵܷǳ档
̶, ץ˺üˡ
еֵ, Щ棬μϲĿ, ڵҼҵˡȻҼҵ˾ֻ, ЩܹܾãȻЩﾹȻҲ⡣
Ϸ˸е֪ԼߵǷšΪ˱֤û⣬綼̽, Һ粢δ⡣Ǹ»ӡϷЦһ, û˷ϡ
ȥ, ȻǲڿʵǻعⷵաȻ, ˵ٷϵʱͻȻѪ, үɫÿ, λûܻˡ
һ֮ˣҪ໨κ˼
Ϸ˵ĽŲܿ죬ûκӰ죬ںҹĸֵֻǣȻûпѲߵˡȺûõķ϶ǲ֪͵ȥˣһҪúýѵ쵱ֵˣ
ƿԺŵĵϷ˶ݺݵ, ȴ൱Ϥݾķȫһ˵Ķݾʱ򣬵Ϸ˲ЩɻĻͷһܸۡоԼʲôϸȥȴ벻
ˣϷûмȥ룬˳ʯߡٶȺܿ죬ڲ·ڶҪͣ£֪Ҫĸߡ
̶һĹ򣬵Ϸ˾Ѿߵǰŵ˲䣬Ա߿һۣתͷҪߡ
һֻʶĶΪʯ⣬ϾǰʯѾʮˡ
Ϸ˵ĽŶѾ̧ߣȴһĶסɿתͷٶȿ˲ɵģ᲻ֱӰԼԴ˦ȥ
һֱǰʯ񣬲֪ʱѾʧˣֻеϲķĩ֤һвĴ
˽ˣ
Ϸٿ뵽Լ֮ǰоԵĵطʲô뿪֮ǰǽõģȻʱûбġ˵뿪ʱ䣬Ժӣ
ͷһ߲۵ĽǸµѾƻԥƿǰš
˻µ˿ݾҵܵ
Ϸƿŵ˲䣬ѾÿҴ򶷵׼ȻϵǣʯںܰæµţͺʲôûзһۣĿʯڻɨûпκζˡ
Ѳɴ˸û
Ϸ΢ЩɣĿʯϻɨȴǵȷûпκοɵˡ΢΢ۣתͷȥˣƺΪǴѾ뿪׷ȥ
Ȼ˲䣬ϷȴͻȻǰʯϸȥȷûͼߣԥ뿪ˡ
ʱףӻ˵үԺӡ
Ȼû׷صں󣬿ĺһۡ
ΪһͻᱻϷץϾں֮ߵĲ졣Ϸ˿ԲͨˣٶҪǿĶࡣ
ʱʱ걾ڶҸطһ㣬ȵϷ뿪ߡȻףȴǣһֱֻӰ½ͿקܵôĵվűߵĽ䡣
ҲΪ˼ӴűʯĿɲ̶ȣſڸûеƻôվӰŵϷһ֣ԳݵٶȴǰȵϷ˷⣬˶ҪҳǵʱѾˡ
ºڰˣɵЩ˺ˣʱŻһ۵Сүףü½Ϳô죿
˴ܵ˵쵱ֵ⣬£½ͿӳѲ顣
½ͿҲܹϣ뿪Ҽҡ
ڵҼҵ£󲿷ֶ鵽ˣҪ֪֮ǰʲô
УڳȥпܻײϵϷˡ
½Ϳҡҡͷû£ܶǵӡ
˵꣬վȴǲ֪ķһңǰ׼ôһҲֹֻǽ¼˵˵ȥǿԱȥλ
½Ϳ˵ͷӦ֮Ҳûٵ󣬴Ű׵뿪ˡ
ֻʣףˣµϷ˷ǻûϢֻýϵϨڴ¡
Ϩ˵ƵڰԼԼڵİ衣ƽڴ࣬ͷζ᣿˰Σʼûʲô˯⡣Сʦ־ߣƽȣƺѾ˯ˡ
СĲͷ߱˯ŵӣĿһһŵСүò
˵СүӣʵСʦֺħ
СʦֵӸƫһº͵ˣ۾ܴЦ⣬δܴЦ⣬һ崺ĸоҲΪʲôһʼ˭Σȴƫƫףԭ
ħĳ࣬ȴƯЩͱˡüۼ䣬ܹǣֻҪһħĿ⣬ܸоһɺԣʲô߰뷨˲Ͷˡټħƣע⵽ħĳࡣ
СүȴǱ׼ĸҹӸ硣Ȼ껻ˣֹĹȴʧ
ôĿףãȻع񣬷ԼȻСʦֿˡҺСʦ˯ˣȻ΢΢˺죬ȻСʦ˯ˣȴǵͻȻЩ
ףƣָڱŬ˰ΣҵףһԵָ⡣
Ҳֻ̫֣װǲ䣬ָףԱߡЩףָȣԥһ£ףָԡ
ȶȴһСƬļ˹ıۡ
ȻûֱӸϷ˶ϣһ·ټսľѾƣףߣ˼۲䣬˳˯֮С
˯֮еֻ꣬Լ䣬ڱҲܸоֽűĲû취ڵ״̬ܹȵ˯Ѿܲˡ
£ԱǸԵԴͺˡ
ԺֻȵԴ̫ˣԭֻǴָԥսĵԴ
Դƺһ£ְ
ûһᣬԭָůֻǾôһȶȣů塣ʶԱ߲˲䣬ҪմһԴȻȴԴȻҲԶһ㣬ͺԴһ
һţ֣ıסԴڷԴҪܵ˼ֽ֮ŲõĲԴϡ
ů¶ȴӽӴĵطԴԴϵĴݵϡ̲ס̾һǲԸԴ
ȻеӲûô¶ֲһź
ıԴͷ棬ԭ壬Ļ͹
ԭҪܵԴƺҲʶԼû취ߣһ㣬ô걧š
㣬ڳ˯˹ȥ
ֻף䣬һĲţֽŽӲǡ


 76 

, ףŻֻ廹ǽסҶСĲͷܹͿļϣü۾, ƺֻҪһͷ, ǵüġ
ֱ, ףҲҶ¾ꡣ
, Щ΢ףֵָ΢, Χ¶һЩȻ֣¶ȸ֮ƺЩҪɿԼʱ򣬾ĬĬİ¶ȵ˻ȥ
ǽԼ¶Щ, ¶ܹůһЩ
Ȼ, 걧ĸˡ
ףĵ˵ͷ
, ͵ĵϷˣ⧲һڹ˱任˺ü, Ϣ뿪ˡ

þ, ڲ鿴Ƚȵ˶Ĭˡ
Ȼ
Ŀ, ĵһ࿴ȥ
Ŀƺûע⵽þеĶ
ûãһۣҪǾĻ㻻ĵӣȴԼ뾵УȴûκηӦ
ӵıԵǿʼֳһ˪
գۼ, Ǿͱһ磬ڵϣŶ۵˽
ĬˣĿ⿴ڴߡ
ĳЩ˱ɽʵͱҪὣˡ
⼸߸оԼĵܵ˼ĳÿοǸħף䣬ԼСͽ߻ΣͺֱӰӻþﾾ
ǿСʦãһ֪˶õ֣ȻҶǵСʦó֡
ϲҪ?????????
﷢ǣƫƫԼСͽܣ񻹶Ǹ⡣
һ뵽ԼСͽܣĵϲף䣬תͷǸ֣Ǹħħ
ǵöģ
Խǿˡ

ڶѹʱ򣬴ֻʣԼ
ãȻ֮ǰÿ𴲶ֽţһȴЩ¶ȲšٵͷɵĿ˿齣ܸоﲻ̫ԡ
˯ΪʲôôĵطǰλãСʦֶҪ´ˡ
ǡСʦ𴲺Ųģ
ɵգգۣϾԼ˯ӦǺܲġ
ү⴫˵Ϸٷȥݡ
ţ֪ˡףӦһ
Ҳûٶ룬򵥵ϴһ£˰æͷ͸ųšֵֻǣСʦֺЩ£һ·϶ûô˵
˯֮ǰãôһͱֵֹġ
үǰϷ˵˴·Ҳף䣬ү
ףٿػع񣬡ôˣ
ͷտ꣬Ŀһ˿ţæתͷ˱ĵطͺǲҸһ㡣
Դϻðһʺš
⡭ǱǣҧСʦôСʦͻȻô
һãȻеίĸףݡίԵϷ˸񣬾һƵһ
ףԼңһʱҲûע⵽Сί
Ϸ˶λһ˵ĳԴֹһ壬ô˻ȥˡ
ֻͻȻһԼĶӡ
ȻھŵϷˡ
˿Ҫ߳ŵʱ򣬵ϷͻȻڣֻһ䣺ҹ¶ЩͣûǲҪܡ
ĽŲ΢΢һ٣Ȼһϵı˿ûб仯ֻ΢ЩãȻתͷĻصлĸ׹ģֻǶϱ
ףһۣͻȻ˺죬ƺ뵽ʲôߵ£ĿƮȦ
Ϸ˱ЩĪûʣͻȻ뵽ԼĻ棬˲ʲô
ˣ֪С޶ȥɡϷİ˰֡
һԸոջعף䣺
Цл˵Ϸˣף䣬ȥ
ףȻһ£ȴҲûгԼ֡һߣһĿⲻ䡣Ȼ겢ԭӣףֱӿ꣬Զ˵ûʲôϵ
ȴȽ֮ǲҲǣСʦá
ףһ
̲סҧűԵϷˣ˸ۡȵ߳ţȷϷ˿ǣһֱɿ֣ȶף䣬һԺӵķ߹ȥ
ﰵԸ˵ף䣬⧲ľͱں档ãȻŸȥȻ˵ʲôԼСʦö
ôˣ


 77 

Ҳû, ף˺壬Ͳ˼ˡֻ̲סףΪʲôҪԼ
ף齩˽˵ʲô, ѵҪ˵Լ걧һ, ϲ˼ˣ
ħķţ
ףֻһ, תƻ⣬½Ϳˡ
ȥ, һ·Ǿܹо֮ǹɽŵ, ͵˵Ľ֪ĺ
Ϸ˵һɵȻˣȥҹֵˣȻȴûҵ½ͿӰ, ˷һֱڵ, ȷ½ͿѾڵҸˡ
ƵϷҪ˳ȥѰ, ½Ϳڳжһ㻹ûġ
Լһ, ǲתԼˡ
ү, ˸ջصԺ, С˹
һҪԽݵŲһ٣ԥһ£תȥԺеʯ
֮󣬻һִߴٵĿⶢף䡣
ף̾˿˰˴
ȵ˻ŵĹȻǸǸԺ꣬ĳ³
ڰ, ף´˳³ۣµ뷨ûУһ˿ߣúԼСʦãʲô£
û£³⣬ԼߵһԵʯߣߣЦĳ°Ϳꡣ
ĪĿһۣȲĶȴûͣԽԽˣֽžͻñů͡
ףֻһ룬ʹ󲽿վڳ³Ķϧ˰죬³ͺоɱһ㣬ôЦĿꡣ
꣬ͷһۣ£վǵô
ף죬ЩίĹչȥһߣĿɽĶų³
˵ɣʲô¡걧ůֵĲ豭³
ҷˡ㾿˭³ڿڣȴһ⡣
궯һ٣Ŀɨһ۳³뿪ڣֱˡ
ʵǣ㡢˭³һ˿ɻ󣬡ԭĵҷˣȥˣ
⼸죬ȥ˲С£ЩȻԶ˻ǵãԲѡ
ֻԵʱСһ˵ԼݣʵǺ⣬ԱŻʱ䣬˲λС˵¡
Ȼһ飬ȴ˲ԡ
ϢλССǹ¶Ϊֱ̫Ըų岡ĵС˼ֱر
Ը仯ʱ䣬үһ졣
³漫ˣûס²˲飬Ȼֻ֣ǵСˣܶμӻˣֵ֮¡
Ը䣬ʧ䣬ȴֶԵҼֺ档
ԡ³ǰ˴գĿ꣬Сˣ
ı
žףվûסһƺڳ³ϣƵĶЩˣ⣬ôʲô
һ£֮ŵһӴˡ
³εĿף֣Ҳû׷ˡ
ŵҪĶ³һŵõֽϣһۣȻ֪˭ϣܹɹɡ
򴽣ų³˵ͷл
Ȼûֱӳʲôûзϵ̬ȣѾ˵Щ⡣
Сλѣ뵽ǸͻȻ֣һ۾ͿԼݵ꣬³ǣֻԼαװǲôʧܣҸǴһ仰˵֪ˡ
һ˵ͷ
½ͿѾҵķôһֻҪ˵һ¾Ϳˡ
ȵ³뿪һԵףߴ˴գͼˡȻħ˻ôãĻˣȥľô仰
Ҵˡ

ֻ̾˿ٸˡ
ֻǺܺ棬Լʲô
ֽϣû̫֣ȴ£
꽫ֽϵϢϸ˲²⡣ֽݸף䣬뿪˵ЩʲôתͷȴûסһѪ
ΣȻһͿףıˣû¡
ףȫ־ûֱӱ뿪þϵ΢΢ʯϿʼһƣգۼͲ档
Сʦ֣ͺһ
ȿ϶ڼӣףȥһȥҪץˣ
ףع񣬽еıѹ˻ȥ
û£ܿͽˡֻһ㡭ȥһܵ
ף佫괽ǲѪ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ȥĻΣաʵǳŲסˣҲˣˡ
ҪȥܵͱҪЩôŪһԵףȴ൱֪ʲôʱһ˳ȥٻʱȻһİ
⡭ģãȻ
ף൱ֱ׳ӿⷿõġ
ȻŵĵطΣΧҲϣʵûģţֱȥһ
Ȼף䱩¶öˣԼҲŻȥ
ҹףţֻһֻ򣬲ûе
ȵԺ⣬ףͻȻͣ½ŲϸϷڡ
һ㶣ҲԼ˵
Ϸƺ˭̸ܵͣҲֻ֣죬ϡˡ
ƺʲô鶣ˡ
ףһᣬԺڵʧŲſСĵĶ˹ĵطֻ̽۾Ϸһ뿪
ȻǵֵȣҲûȵһ˵
ûкףһᣬ
򴽣Сĵĳ⣬ƿŵʱߵ׼ȻԺһˣͺǸϷ˽̸˲һ㡣
ߡûе̫ãֱݾķ˹ȥ
ܵĹ̺˳һ·ҲûκȻȴԽĲ
߼ǲܵ˷֣ǿ䡣Ӧиͺڡһ㡣
򴽣Խľ
һ·£ܿ˾ԼĿܵͷšԭűߵʯһѾףٵˣȻȴֿűߵĺӰ
Ųһͣ£һԶ˶㣬ϸĿǺӰ
ֻűߵĵƹ̫ôҲǺӰӡֻǣܸоʲô̫ԡ
ʱ񿴼ǺӰ˶
Ǵ
ԽԽͣؿʹĲУҲҷκ
廹̫ˣ̣ջûסȳѪ˿
쾪ǸӰһ˫۾ٿ׼ȷĲ׽ܵĽ䡣
ܣ˲ϲȥǵѪ˿ϵһԶ˹ȥ
Ȼոն㿪˲䣬ǺӰݺݵ˹֮ǰվŵλá
꣬Ҳ˿ǺӰӡ
ǺӰȻ֮ǰʯ񳤵һģһͺǸʯȫǰպӰӵ̵ġ
ӰתȳĿˮӼݼ䡣¼Ӳʯͷ˲ͱʴһС
Ӱ۾Ķס꣬谵ܵȫӰ
꿴ŽߵţȴҹҶ
ؿΪղŵԽʹѾζ΢΢һŲˡ
ಡһ΢죬ֻһʯӷٵӹԱǺӰüġ
Сʦ֡
ո˿ͿʯͷֱӴ˺ӰüģֱӴʯǶʯڡ
ôܣüͷϸźӰ
ѲӰǻþ
ո뷨ʯӼŭĺӰͱǴѹȸУͲǻþ
ӰӲƴڵϹһȦնյĶ˺Ӱ
ô򵥵Ķֿʼ󱳷һ亹
ȻǺӰֻ׼һ㣬һߵףһۡ
ᣬֲң


 78 

ףȻܿ걻۸, һת֪ľȡһѽǰὣվǰõֿӰ׼
Ȼ, ǺӰĪһ
ͺھףһ
òӰҲʶħɡ
ף, ŬƽԼĺڲǿǻ, оԼ嶼ѪҺζؿڵĴʹѾѹȥֻǿ, ɫѾҰ׵, ǲϸΪȥˡ
򡣡ֻ˵֣̲סҿѪҺֹסĴӴǻ䡣
ǰһڰ, ȫƾǿŲûֱڵϡץסʯڵָѪ˿, һ˿û, ڵĺţȴȻоϢС
Ҫˡ
ҧŴȱ߰γһذסΪ˽׼, Ԥϵж̫˳, ȴû뵽ذҪԼϡ
, ҧԼֱϻһ
Ĵʹ˲ѣǰĺڰ·Ҳһ㡣һۿģѾڵϣ֪ĺӰѾһ̲ѪЩѪҲŸʴԣΧʯͷѾʴһ㡣
ףվ, ƺ˵ʲô
ȥ
ֻ֣ҡҡͷܻȥŲˡ
ȫǿţڻȥһɲˡ
ףɫѿֶЩ
֪Ϸ˺ܿҲʱ䣬ףɿƿšЩɻǣôĶźʯϵȴʲôûһ㣬ڰͰĽʯ
һսŵϷ˾ͻˣҲûϸȥ·һע⵽ԭʯϣľ·Ȼľ忴ҡҡλΣȶҲûʱȥұ·ˡ
˳ʯڣܿͽӽʯ񡣶һΣҲЩæµˡ
ͫ΢΢
Щ˵ĿͣһһۣͺǱ趨һ㡣¿꣬ҲûκηӦͺǡһ΢ĿһɨЩҵԼҪҵˡ
໴˼Ǹˡ
ȻǸȴǺ޷ӦеԵİᶯʯͷ
Щˡںʧٵˡ˵һ仰̲ס
ףĸ˵ֱӽ˱ڻżľһ㣬ֱʯϡ
ʯܴҲվ߰˸ˣǸ¯ĵġ
һǿԼΧǵ¯һȦǵ¯Ҳʯͷ̶ɵģһЩֵ·ȴֻɨһۣûٿЩ·
оʵĲǵ¯ǵ¯Ķ
ֻԥһ룬ֱ˾һףҡ
ףûʲôԥģĽֱڵ¯¯Ӧ飬ĶڵϣһĽͬʱ⣬Ҳ˵Ϸ˺ѷεŭ
˻Ƶĸࡣ
¯µģһ߻ǵʬ塣
ڵϵ˲䣬ʬͱһٵĳ󣬳˵Ϸ˵
Դˣڰ¶Ūˡ
ʮǰϷ˾Ѿˡ꿴վſڣĵϷˣĵϷƣʮǰڵҼҺżһŮŮˣַŸգϷ˱㽫Ů£ˣȻȴû뵽Լµȴһħ
Ů࣬һֻɾĻǡ˵ںţҲΪʿ׷ɱˡ
ϧϷ˲֪ôŮס˵Ҹˡڼ䣬Ů˵ҸĸģļʲѣĲȡ뷨ʶ˵ҸĸԣҲʶ˵үԵϷ˵İޱȼЩ
գŮȼһ˵Ϸˡүסˡ
ŮΪͿٻȻάҪ˵ľòҸ󷨣ҹ֮ʱڵҸڵ˵ľֻǲ֪ʲôʱʼ󷨷˱죬ҹҸʼţЩץߵˣͻʧȥʶ
ڼٵĵϷ˵ԲٿЩʯ
ٵĵϷվſڣѾֻ֣Լı飬ֻĿݺݵĿ꣬ΣԼ̫ˡ
˸ƯҲŸõƾʲô˾ͿԻôҸƾʲôҪ󣬲òΪ˻
ΪϷ˵ԽĲ࣬ʼúǻǵʬһ㣬쳣졣
꿴ʣµĻͲ˵ˡ
վᶮñᶮ˵ĸ顣
겻ѿ࣬ذѾս
ʯ൱ֻǵ¯ԭ壬ȵʯɣԳάסԼΣԭ͵ԼЩߣŵΪĴžΪʮǰĵҷ˱𣬲ֹֻǡ
ԡֻҪʯٵȾͽˡվŶѾױһźļٵҷˣȴһ˿ɡ
Ȼھʹȴһ˿Ц⡣
ôôذɱ𣿡ǻǵԽѾܷˡ
ͷҵȷ򲻹㣬ǡǿѽ
ǣ
Ӱٿתֻ󣬲֪ʱվżʮˡЩˣҲһֱڵҸߵĿˣԼһѾߡ
㡢ǡӰһ˿־塣
ףĻǺӰȺûԼֻЦͷķboss϶ҪȺŹܴģ˭㵥
ȵһˡ
лҪ˵һڽˡ

 79 

꿴˲, ԼЩ㱡ȻȲգܸоԼࡣܿ죬ͻع񣬶Ŷʦ΢΢һЦ, ʾԼѾûд󰭡
֮ǰľʹͲ, Ѿ׵ʧ, о»ָĽ˿
Ŀڹ㳡ɨ, ΢ЩȡеĲ߶ڹ㳡, һʼѾɻ߱ϷץߵġֻЩԲ֪淢ʲôһãı顣
ϲǣͨ˵һȡվȺǰģһŵɫ۵, ŵ, ǽþ֮е澵, һȵķ
ЩŵĲԣһ㶣ʲô
Ŷ˵𣿡Ц, Ĵ, ֻͨͿԡÿ˸ڴ֮еıֻз, ÿ˵
ɫ˲ˣкܶ˸ûþô£ֻǱ˹ȥиսķеĸûôǸķ϶͡
Ҳٶ, һӣ˵ġ˶ͷǹԼģֳһ
ҲһԼķʮò׼٣չȥһףķʮ塣ٿһ½ͿͷΣһʮһʮġ
Լԡ
ôţһۿվһԵһ˵ķ
֡
ƺʶ͵͵ס֣һŭתͷ
ŷ˾Ȼ໴˼һʼƣͱץסˡ
ôҲˡ
˼һСľְˡ
໴˼񣬰ҧгݡΧ̸ôãȻܲ³ǵСү͵Сˣף䡣ˣһǶǵȴֲСĵΣһž˺֮ͱץʯĶѨ
Լ֣໴˼ԽԽޣ뵽֮ǰ£Ŀ˸ͣϡ
ԭҪȵԼȷ֮ȥŸ淢ڡٵˡ
˼˶Լķڣôǵڶԡ
ô죿
ԣɧһǸոմӻþ֮гûüúϢսӲ
Һãǻûʳڣ˾Ѿ˵ڶԵݡ
ԡ
ֻ㳡ϣֳһϷűīֽ⡣
˻࿴˿Ѱһλ
αԣһǧ⣬һһ֣һ֣𲻵÷֡ʱ䣬㡣Լ˵
£ԭɾİֽϣֳ֣һۿȥͷܶӵɫһӱѿǾӣҲдһ֡
ҲĬĬ̧Ծӵһ⿪ʼ
ǼƷݣһʲôط
ʲô
e޵ʲô
ֻʶһޣǸʲô
Ƶʽƣĸ
Ĭ˰ΣֻԼǰһڡ
ȻѾԽⱾһʱ䣬ⱾıĨڣЩʲôķ֮ˣ˲֪ǲ֪
Ҳ̫ˣ
ΣţҲһŬ׷Ϊ£ܰ鶼˽ƫƫԾĹǴҪ۷ֵģҲҴ
̧ͷһܡοǣ󲿷ֵӶһ޲ߣֻмڵͷдţЩ˵ı飬ҲǺ˳
ЩֵǣһԵףȻҲûʡ
ħôãв⣿
ɵĿۣջĿ⡣ܱôҲҪȰԼá˳Ծ¿ȷԼ֪ľֱò׼˼ӣ벻ͼ
Ȼܹĺ٣Ŭ֤ÿһⶼ׼ȷġ
ʱ䲢ãٶȣҲֻܿһ⣬ٻع˵ڶ顣ȵʱʱ򣬺ܶʵſǰһ⣬ֻüд֣ͿԾƮ
ͷ±ʣѾдˣʣµģǾͶˡû׼д˷۷أŲɵ
ԾϸһĨ⣬˳ԾһһɨдµĴ𰸣䣬ѾԾԾһһǧ⣬깲ʮȷٶʮ⣬ʮ⣬÷ʮһ֡
ԤϵҪһЩһ
ôܣǰĵ͵վ˳ſȥͿ˾Ϻɫɫһ롣
ɫǴģɫȷġ
Ȼȵ֮˵÷ֻʮһ֣껹Ҫ١
ȵзϣÿǰԾҲʧ˻˻䣬ĵ־Ͷ˸ı䡣ķһһʮ˷Ҳ֪Լô
ڶԽ˵˶٣ĶΨ˵Լպʼԣݣ䶷
˿ʵҲˣȻþʹ֮ʧˣϵƣǲʧġ죬ҪƣҪŬ̽Ҽҵܡټһڻþָһˡ
ڵֿ꣬Ϣ
˵ĻԥתʹԼԺӡȻǵ͹ԼƣΪʶڲҪԣԭѵʶĿʼģ
Ų£κľͲֱӵڵϡ
ףǰһסԼСߣһͷͷѾ۾ԺĿ˯ˡ
۵۾֪Լ˱סˡþʶȴڸоϤϢ˲һץס½ǣһ߽˻ûһͳ˯ʲôǵˡ
ףεĿԼСʦãôԺڹ㳡˯ǲ鷳ȵĽ걧ڻףתҪ뿪ͱһ˵סȥ·
翴ףıģ㶼ƽģ
СʦýĿڣôףô⡣
Ϊ˵ݳգΪԶСʦò⡣
ԼСʦ츳ҲãҲãֹŴѵ֮ӿѡףһССŵӣƾʲôСʦһףħǾ͸ˣһħˣôСʦã
ߵĶܿ˵ǵעǿ˿ֿ˿ף䣬ĵӣȻʦֵѹ治ɫ
ף䵭Ŀһֻۣһ֡
˸ô赲ףԻ˵ѵгرħƢڣﱧҪˣף˵뷨ûСϾܾ֮㱧꣬ƹˡ
һɵףǰá
ףı齥΢΢ۡ
һܲ˭Χתšףռǿ֮ǰһֱѹţͳֽˡڣдһССĻڵʿɲҪô鷳ֻҪһ֣Ϳԡ
˲侯Ըоǰˣɱ⡣
˶֮ղԣ׷ˡƬ̣Χͳ˴Ƭյ
䡭
ʱף仳ͻȻ˶Խף仳
Ѿ˯ˣȴĪķΧĿʼ¡ʶѭůĵطҪԼů
ףһϵɱ˲ɢˡͷ֣꣬ԼСʦÿ϶ġôһ룬ףҲûжֵͷˡĿһۣ󾯸һΣ㱧ת뿪˹㳡
ȵף䶼뿪΢΢˱ۣܸоԼѾʪ͸ˡ
ղף䣬ɱ


 80 

ף걧Ժ, Ȼڷʱȴһ⡣
קף½ǵָ⣬ôɿף΢Ŭһ£һòӵı, ɿҲ˴֮ϡ
, Լµ˲, ͻᾯѹ
ڻþ϶ǺףһϢ, ѾȫϰףߵϢԾо, ҲֻϰԵף仳ŲŲͼȡů
ףڰԼСʦñڻ̾Ϣһ
΢΢ͷԼСʦõԼ, ɫ, ǴЦͻȻѪ, ΢һɫ԰ףֽҲôů
ĵףҲоһƣ΢΢, Ȼ֪ʱҲô˯ˡ
ȵ˯ѵʱ, ôһ档
ԼСʦֵĻ, ˳һֻֻקף½ǣͺԼ᲻СʦһףҲ˯һȣһȴɽ껤ڻͺԼ˯֮һ뿪
Ŀף䣬⻹һοף˯ŵӡǵСүģ, ԭԭףģȻҲʵĿ
ͻȻеˡ
Ǽ⣬ף䷭˺üۡ
Ҳûǿף䷢
Ĺȥҹɫ׽֮ǰףӳ˯˹һ˲ЩֲԼģֻԼû˯ôһӦԼҩ漴Ͳˡ
ףһʶûѣָѾ˵ĲľҪס˵ĲӡȻһ̣͸оµĴкϤһ̧ͷͿĬĬĿҲ֪˶á
һӶסˡ
˳ǣĿλѵɱ⣬ٵĳ֣Լһ˲Ļܡ
ף䲻ħҲʲôɵˡ
ΪԼһĶȻô鷳оޱˡö鷳ء
Ȼô룬뷨ûС
ȥһף䡣
ֻԭĿ⣬ĸֳ˼飬ոշӦһ㣬ŵĿף䣺ССʦ֣㡢㾹Ȼ˵˵ţʹһ˿ǻ
ף䱾飬֪Լ¶˶٣һĿǻǻŵòУæ˱ţȴͻ꣺СʦִˣСʦֵĴ
ôۿ΢죬۽Ǻᣬ۽ëգգͣһ˳ջˡ
ף䡭ףûڵľͲһưԼ˽ˣڻþôܣСʦöûһͱԼǿˡףһתȴǰ֮ǰǰѽٻ˳ֱôʦֶУʦ־Բ֡
ͷ˿ĽУ̧ͷ˿ף䣬һ˲䶼ûӦʲô
Ĭʱһһֱ罣̲ˡϷ˹һӼǰƽԼ㡢㡢㲻ϲɣ
ǱȲǰѽô˵ҲǸôõϽˣôñĽ
⧲֮£Ľֻһѡķ˸ۣףҲûˡ
ȻǰѱĽȴͻȻ˶Ϲ罣ˡ󣬾Ϳѽһ£ײһ£ûһԼ
εķͣ£
罣ͣһѽ͸оһɺϮһԼǸѪأֻҪҶදһ£ƾͻᱻ۶ˡ
ѽòͣתͷһֻС֪ķ˹
֮ǰ֪Ҫãô˿ţȻܴ㽫˺ɽܱ˷֮뿪֮ǰ֮˯һֱҲûüŵζԼˡ
ȻĵķɽһתͷͿԼίͰ͵ڴϣ۾޺ˣϻЩ΢ۼȻףֵĺܿ죬ļ̫ˣЩۼ
ԼǸڴ齱ߡ
Լף󻵵۸ˣ
ĲУתͷֱ˵ףͷϣʼͣҧͷ۸ף㣡
GGGæڻûûУû۸ס
ȵȣղ˵ʲô
ʯˡ


 81 

һʱ˳Ĭ, ͵͵̧ۿף䣬ñ΢Цĳץš
˲죬ĿƮĸ֪ÿġ
ס걧еͷ, ͫЩãĿ, 𣿡
, ԭͨɫԽЩһ, ֱӵסĿ, ĿİͰͿڣû£ˣúӸ˯ˣ

ü¶ҪϢġ
ǸԺӡȻ˵ġȻ˯Ҳ͹ԹԵı, ûһͰ
ûڵ, ѽҲ, һʱžЩΡ򴽣ȥ뵽һ, Сʦ֮֡ǰ˵ʲô
ʱףƺ˵ʲô, ȫס, þ֮һֱưҲûлף䡣
ףһ㶣ŷʲôıһ˿ɡ
ôˣ
졭Сʦִȥطףı֣ԥʲô¶˾һ㡣
飬Խɻ
ڶһ, ףɽ
֮һֻɽΣζȥɽµӡһθף䣬һǸ硪ħ뵽⣬꿴ףһۡ
û׼ξͬһء
һΣ˸ճɽţף㽫Լ齣ٻһֱ˴齣֮ϡ
ȵϢڶߣͺףĶĶգۼһƬ
ȥĵطеԶʦִ㡣ף仹ѹ˵
̣ûֱ̧֣סԼĶ⡣ֻǡǺѾ˳Ķһ·쵽˲ͺһ㡣
ףĿ´ĲϣǺγţķɫԽѩףȥ˺ȥҧһڡ
ͻȻһͻȻתͷ΢΢ۣСʦ֡ǲʲôõ¡
ף˲ջĿ⣬㶼飬ôܡСʦֲŲ۸㡣
йˣ
갵Է˸ۡ
Ȼڻû֤֤ףħҲи߰˳ɵĿˣģ֮ǰףµģʲôֱ񡢹˳Ը񣬾ȫǼٵġ
ȻħûôײУɲΪһܹħ磬Щˣô򵥡
齣ٶȺܿ죬ף껤ʵʵûиоӰ졣µɽӷٺţһʼЩ˷ܣûһЩɺˡ
кԶ𣿡ʵ
齣еķϷĥһȦҲûͨףҪȥ
ϱߵĻϱߣа׷ﷻ¡׳ǡԶһ㣬йԪԯϱߵԣɶĸ΢һ붼ͷۣԲٶ룬һ۾һգͿʼĿ
жף˵Ҫ̫עǱôһ齣»һȳܿסˣҲûв
ԼСʦãԼ
ʵףһĿƲסƮСʦõ۽ëóСʦõĴɫõСʦáȵȣףջߣǳ˳顣
Լô̬Ƶģ
齣˽ʱͣʱΧ¶Ⱥ仯ܴף˸û˵ĵطȥ齣΢΢һʧףġ
Сʦã
˯ذףЩýԼоԣƺþûķĴӻ˯˹
Сʦ֣𣿡ЩãȻĳ
ǰһƬɭֵıԵܹԶŴ𣬹˼ǰסšͷܣŵĵطȴΪҶڵûбյ
ףߣͷע⵽ףơԼ֮ǰСʦֵϵġ
һæվ߰߰ɡ
Ȼףֻǳȵǣƺڳ˼ʲô
겻⣬Сʦ֣
ףĿƮһ£Ϣһ£Щˡ
һӦףôãԸоˡתһ룬־òԡ˯֮ǰףһӣôԼ˯һ˾ˣ
Ŀףϣ´ۡ
ףı΢΢һӲЩ㡣
Сʦָòǣ˰ɡͷͻȻڵ
ף˲˱䣬ĿƮôܣҾеˣϢһ¡
ŲأҲ֪ԼСʦְӣЦӦһš
ף䰵ҧ
ڣоϵ£ףվװʲôûһ㣬ǰߣߡ
Цĸ
һ·ľɫܺãΪߣҲûʲôײеޣֻͨ
ͺͨһ㣬
ѵЩɣǰߣߵũﲻ֪ʲôﻹũæ
·ߵڳϻڱС·Ǹ³Сġ
ôף俪ʵ
һ£ЩȻܺãպܺá
ֻףü
겻Ŀʲô
ףĽŲͣҲͣǰȥ
һѾƵӣݶѾһ󶴣һ룬ʣµһҲѾҡҡ׹˳Ƶţܿյİ裬Ѿ˺һˡ
ǡ겻⡣
ף˻䣬ǰԺ˲顣
ãȻĸףҲԺӡ
ףߵǻſڣǻһ䣬ԭڵĻҳʧӿɾ࣬ȻǺƾɣҲ֮ܿǰϢ
ԥһ£ף䣬ǡ
ԭļҡף俴꣬ƽĿȴеĹⶼɽȥһ㣬΢΢ü㲻ǵ𣿡
Ųһ٣΢΢һҡ
ڰ߶֮ʮʱ򣬱㡭ߴһڣΪͽף䵭Ŀڣϧ˵ȫ֪¡
ԭԭѹûһʾھ͸Ƶġ
ףôԶΪ˴µİɡ
ãȻأ
ףЩɻ˶٣ֽ͵֮ǰļң㲻ǡ
ţɡ
ûʲôףЩգЩʧ䡣תͷԺȥŲҴҵģҲ֪ڸ˭
ȴͷʺţæȥ߳Ժŵ˲䣬ȴתͷԺ䡣
Ҳ֪ǲǴôһ˲䣬񿴵ԭꡣ
СԺˣĸڽϴõ·ɹɾæµƿţȻƣȴϣ
ǡԭļҡ
ͻȻʶʲô͵תͷף䡣
ΪԼôһ£ףӦԶˣתͷһͷף䲢û̫Զһ˵վڲԶƺڵ
껺˱ۣˣ֮ǰħŻʱԼдڻϵԸ
ؼҡ
ԡСʦֹȻħ


 82 

Ȼ겻ɫĿףһۡ
ҲΪ̫õ׼, 겢û̫𾪣ӲҪ˵Ļһ֡Ȼ㡪̬ɡ
˴Ӵ߳, ûоˡ
ףһ·, ƺ, ȴûж귢ֻԼ
ħĺеȫһ
ǵ, ԭħдʵ, ΪĻɣħʵֻ˲£ȻͱǸˡҲֻ˵ħײ޶, ̤, ʹ˼
Ȼ, ʶף䣬ȻȷЩĿˡû֣ԼʦǶףĵ⡪ȴҲɱ޹, ˵еЩķϵ, ɱΪֵˡ
һħ
ЩΪѡ
˵, ףݣӦõһʱȥ˵һĸħħŭħйǵùľһˡ
һ뵽ΪڻдԸ, ףɽȥΪѰԭԭһֱ֪Լ̲סһ߻ԼԼħôҲ硣
ҪȵȵȣȵȽ
ôһ룬ࡣ߰ף䣬üȴקһף䣺Сʦ֡
ŴβףǸСӣͣĹһ
ף˺üǿסûֱָôһ£ףȴȫԼղŻ£ɫ͵ĲУôˣ
Цģ֪Сʦˡ
ףһ㶣۾һ㡭
ԣȥĻСʦֿɲҲңЦġ
ף㣬ŷӦ˵£ǡˡף˵ͷٻ齣껤ǰ
Ȼף׼ã÷˲䣬ͻȻ˴գСллʦ֡
ȻⲢԸı
ף͵һѾһ齣Ҳ͵һͰȥ
ŵ͵رסף䡣
Ȼָߣǡ˿϶ַӦɣ
˳¿˿ò಻ˣСɿ֡
㡭ף仺ع񣬡Сʦã㡭
Сʦ֡ͷףĻΪʲôСʦ֪ҵԸҺûиСʦ˵
ףһ㶣Ҳһ١
⡭ǿСʦõĻƣ֪СʦþȻؼңɡɹؼǣñòСʦȥŵģڻû̹׵ʱСʦ֪ԼǼٵġ
ףһ
ۿ껹һĿף俪ʼôѻԲȥ
ˡһףı飬֪û⡣ҲԸΪԼСʦ֣۾һһ൱ֱ׳Ŀڣ˯ˡ
ף˿ȵĻס
ȥ֮ף䣬ƺҲǺѵõûв꣬ԼĻԼԺӡ
ħҪҪôˣ
֮죬ףҲû꣬һʼֻеЩˡ

˵ϱڴڴ֮еӰ˿ı顣
֮Уһӡſڣ˶˶ȴҧͷӣӻʦħȾ
˵ˣȻ໴˼
û˵˳šƬž֮У໴˼ͷϵ亹ֹס䣬ʶļӿ˺ֻ˵Ŀ⣬·Ǿʯһ㣬ѹϣ˿Ҷ
֪ͬǺֿ˿ڣֻԱࡣ
໴˼˶ҧͷ֪
ͬŵˣᱻϳΪš
뵽죬ĨɫħϢ໴˼ҧӲǿڣӾû˵
΢΢ۣ໴˼Ĳϲﵽ˶塣
ŮȻƫ̻ټҲ壬ŸǲԸΪСοǸСȻ֮ǰ࣬ȱֵĿȦɵ㡣ֹ츳ĵӣȻϲġ
꣬໴˼ֻ֣Ÿµġ
ߡһȥ飬°ɡ
໴˼һ£ƺšܿŵͺѹȥ໴˼ɫһӱò԰סæӦһ֮ɿ뿪˴
˳ţã֮ϵ˲ֶ˶
Ӱ˵Ŀڽһ
ֻ֮ĳӰͻȻŲ˼£һ˴˳˰ǰ򣬵ͷһԡ
ЩӰڵӰӣÿ˶źϵʵǷκ춯նࡣ
顣˿ڡ
˵ͷʧ˴֮С
Ȼߣħйص£ӾС


 83 

պ, ȿʼ
Ժ߳һۿľԺűߵŵף䡣
üСʦ֡
ȣǿ߰, Ҫʼ, ٵˡףٿ, 㶼û˵ʲô
ʧЦħôôСӡ
߰ɡЦ
Ȼ߳˲, ͻȻһ, ͺʲôҪˡ΢΢üЩ
˵㳡ʱѾȴĵӡЩ˶վڹ㳡Χڿ֮, ԼԼˡ
㳡, վŰ˾ŸˡЩ˿, ΢΢üĿ˵Ѻá
ﰵ̾˿Ȼ֪ԭ, ôûǱ, Ҳôáô, ԼϰߣѰһҪվȥ
ȴΧ˿Ŀ֡
üﰵԾ
ЩˡòҪȺŹɡ
ףЩ˵һɨǷɿһ˿Ц⡣ǰһͷߣ£û¡
ɵĿһۡ
ףҲ, ǣ꣬תͷ㳡ȥ
һ£ûжʲô
ģף俴Χһۣλá
Щ˵Ŀ⣬ΡħʱЩħĿˣŶǿֵη塣ΪȻڵﲢǶ⣬ٶȴ˵󣬶Щ˵Ѿ㹻վλá
ȻЩ˿߹ûʲôԵ̬ȣмף֮΢΢üȻһףս֣˱ҲƿĿ⣬ûпڡ
ף仹ǵһΣСˣȻûʲôĸо
˲ûе̫ãϤ
һƲ£ڹ㳡Ϸ۳һԲεĽ硣֮нְʯ̨ʯ̨һ˿ɫϸȥܿпŵơһ쳹أıȻ£ʯ̨ϡ
Ŀʯ̨֮µĵǣûж˵κηϻֱӿʼܴȹ򣺡һһʧܣʧȥʶʧܣʯ̨ʧܡʣʮˣսǰ
ûʣһ˻䣬ȵ
һʯ̨ÿӵġ
ͷһۣһţ΢΢תͷͿʮʯ̨£ÿ֮жվһӡ
һʮˡ
걾ȥԼĶ˭תһ룬ڳϵĵӻϰˣһҹȥҲδ̫鷳ˡ
ôһ룬ˣ̧ͷϸĿ̨ϵ
ħߵĲͬڵĸԲͬԵɱľԵˮٶȣҡ֮⣬еޡޡޣɣͬһڵıԣҲһֵôĦѧϰ
Դ֮һľ֮ʵԱɲϤܹлۿȻϷŹôõĻᡣ
ֻʯ̨ϣıŭˮ᲻֡һԵĵӣȻ˵Եĸǡ
˵ˮ˻𣬵ǻ㹻˭˭Ͳһˡ
һ쳣ңˮԵĵʤһһֱˮ˽˾ʯ̨
ֻΪⳡʤҲ˼ȫ뵽ıԣɫҲЩѿǰ񣬲ת뿪ʯ̨
û뵽ǣڴʯ̨Ľ˲䣬ϵ˾ȫˣҲָʮɡһ£תԼĶ֡ȻղѾһϢĶҲѾָơ
κϵˣ޸
֣󲿷ֵĵӶ˿ϾȲǱһͽˣһһƴȫһһƾߣδҲ̫ԩˡ
ڶԺܿ쿪ʼ˽Чһε˺ԥ־Ϳʼƴȫ
Եʱгж̣ÿʯ̨ϵ˷ֳʤ֮ʯֳ̨ߣֱһϡȵһֽ󣬹㳡ϵѾһ롣
ҲѡһԣԵһڵĵӡڿ˲䣬ľһ룬ķû׼ͱһڲǰŵֱӿ䡣ҲûٶΪתֽ罣˻
ǰıԶûʲôˣػɣЩϰġ
Ͼǵһѡֶϣκһ̭Ҳ̫ϧˡ
ӵĳʼ֮󣬲ߵˮƽ
꿴ҲԽ棬û׼һ֮Ķ֡һΣĶ֣Ҳһڵʿ
һޡ
Ҳǵһζޣ޵ҪֶαǷ䣬ֻҪ޵㹻㹻һֱϵķһʼΪϰߣѹƵĺܣòֳȥĹһֱҵ῿ޡ
Ǳ˽ûаԱ
궥Ż𱬷һ׷Ӳǽ˸ĳʯ̨ķΧֻҲĺܲң˫ֶ׵ЩĽղסȵʯ̨֮Ŵʯ̨£һΣҲǸоʯ̨Ƶĸо
ԭƣ˫˲ָͺû˹һ㡣
ɵĿ˿Լ˫֣ЩɡǽЧҲδ̫ˣ֪ĵҩЧáҩҪڣҩЧֻҪشһ¾Ϳˡ
һףҲԼĶ֣ߡ
ħ˵Щ˸ûʲôҪעġ¸̫עĿһƽһˡ
һߣκ½ͿҲܿԼĶ֡
״΢΢˿
ȻھƫĿ߱˶ϲϣܹ򡭡뵽ǧ궼û˷ɹЩ
ףЩףǰ᣺һ𣡡
꣺
ʲôأ

ǾꣿڵǿĵطķһǱԡô죿
˵ܵ˵ĻȴﲻϲߵĿһۣͿ˵Ĳ豭￪ʼֱ˪һ룬豭ͱķѡ
㣡ĲУȴֲԣֻҧ
սס˵ʱͻȻ֡
ˣ˿ڣǿȣǳܵġ
ǡæӦ
ŵɨһˣĿϣ㣬һ¡
ۿ뿪мʣµ￪ʼЩˬȻ֪ߵΪǶߣﻹ̲סЩʡ
Ϊʲô˶ƫ
ȻΣŽ㵥ȥȴʲô¡
뵽Ӱ£Ҳͷ۵ĲСȥ꣬굹ǻûʲô½ͿǱ߱쳣ӰûдӦ֪Щ£ȴһֱûпڡ
㡣ȵΧûбˣŲͣ£ߣ㻹˵ô
Ŀ⵭뿪ڵ˼ûС
Ǹɻߵ¡ô졣ü
ûпڡ
εȰ֪˸ϵã
ףħߵĴ



 84 

˻ô, ǵһζԼ˻ɡ
˵ʲô
ϧ߾˵һ֮󣬾ϿˡҲľû壬ֻǱʶԸŶѡ
ħǰ췭ظΪŵج, ֲ߳ǿӡħ˶޷, û, ʲôӡ
ȻѾһˣȴҲ޷ħɱ, ֻܽӡ
Ҳһͨ, ȴһħֻǵħⶼ֣᲻һη飬ŵղס, ʱħĿ겢, ˲ܺúõվ
ħǱӡ𣿡ѾǵʱǸСĵ, ݵ𾪹󣬺ܿع񣬡ȷǡ
ӡü, ķӡ
, 㡭, ߡ
߱鵭ȫ֪Լ˵Ļжô񣺡δӡħǲħԼˣ˯ˡ
ǵ࣬ʲôӡֻǿ֮ı԰ˡ
ο, 㱾ҲʲôػµӣʱߣֻĶ֣ȥһܰˡǳ춯أ˸ҿޱߵħռֳ룬˰¡
ԹһƬ򱻷ֳ룬һħ˼ҲûκֲֻбħȾħϡЩħΪħ쳣ײУÿƬϳֵʧ¼
Ȼһȴ෴޾ڿֲţǵļʶˣѵһֻ֡ͬһƬһգЩǵ޿ɲѺãοЩֲмǿţһƬϳֵʧ¼Ҳ١
߿ħ˸ƽֻ֣ϰûˣħȴվʱΪԼҪˣȴħԼһ¡
ħ˵ȥˡ
ΪãǾô类˵Ļͻ˺ܶǿߡħռûȤֻǿߴܣռȥˣҪڣи֡
Ȼħ˱һɣԻỳħ¡ħҪһ£һбú
ܿȴ֪ħпʱ˵ħѾ֮µĵһˣǷûܴħ
Ѿǧû˷ɹˡ
û˵ħ͵ͬˡû죬߽ħӡ¾ʹ˳ȥʣûпڣǱΪˡ
ħħûãԼ˳˯
˶ɵˣǡ
ֻ֪ǸһرۣԼСͽߣ⣬ĲУֻ˸ߡߴ򲻹ħȴҲûв̫࣬߿ɲһ򲻹ħˡ
ɱ嶯ü

ס˿ڣʧѪʹǰʼڣ罣ѾһߡĶ֣ȴֻǺ΢ЩٰˣǺˡ
𣿡ޱĿ꣬ǹϻһ
˽氲һԵߣǰѾڣǾ鶼Ҫꡣ
˵ܳŵڣѾܳˡ
ȥˣ氲΢΢ۣġһתԥֱӹ˹ȥ
Ŭ㿪ǹͷȴǱһһתһԵ罣ٻ˲ǰһεס氲Ĺ
氲üµĹԽѸ١
֧ŵĺѣܶ氲ӦҪˣȻȴǿˣ氲̬ԽĲȡ
ڱ֮ǰʱ򣬲ûоʲôѵáһոսڵĵӣ츳ܸߣɳʱ䲢
氲ÿٽ׼Ȼȴһֱϵڡ
òҪɡԼƣû̫ˣȻ氲ȴ̲סͷ
Գϣκһ㶼Ӱ쵽״̬
氲ԥһ˲ȴ˲յ˻ᡣԭѹŴ꣬˲俪ʼ˷
һ£氲ԽĻˡ
ֻſʼѧȻԼոʱĽ
ʥһ׽ȫԺȻΪܵͣⲢΪơΪ齣罣ǵһ״̬仯ġ
ǡʥĽ
氲ֻǰ꣬һ˲øץסһֱ氲ڵϣԼĽУûܻع
ôˡ氲˶ţڲĽиǻþ
𣿡Цģ仰氲
氲ɫҰףϿڡûĥ䣬ת־ͽ˶ʯ̨֮⡣
ԣʤ


 85 

߳, ϵƾ˲ˣڵҲʼָʹʧ˿ڻϣ˿, ˳ףԡ
ףޱĿ, ˲˻ǲˡ
ԼСʦ, ΪʲôҪμȣ
Ҫʲôû𣿾ûе, ۿ걻˵ô, ԼȴֻһԿţףڵħҪѹסˡ
ίˡ
һ۾ɨףϵı飬︡һ˿Ц⡣Լϲ뱣Լܻһĵ¡
ֱԽ, ĵʮ֡
ķ϶ǰʮ, ǰȴһ
󼸳ʤķǷ, ڳϻʣµֻа˸ˣıȻǰʮ, ǰǲˡ
ʲôβûȤ, ôŬֻΪҪǰĽ
ġ
, ǰ֮Σû塣
뵽⣬̧ͷʯ̨
⼸α֮ʯ̨һʱ䣬ŻѡһεıԶ֣ҲǸһϢʱ䡣
˸ˣֻҪĸʯֻ̨ʯ̨, ײһںϳĸŵʯ̨
ĵ̨£˳ſ˹ȥҲԼĶ֡Ρ
ףĶ֣һˮԵŮʿ
½ͿĶ֣Ǹû
˿һǣܾҪˡǶħѲҪɫȿȿȣϽע˻
ȻŮǣûʲôˮ뷨ԭεľ鲢࣬δȵĸûС
¾
ʦ㣬롣ҲûΪԼ𾴵ʦ㣬κεķɡ
ȻҲ롣
˶Ա˴˵˽⣬αľԵʿԵʿƫڸһЩ
αϾǷҵˣķ;ɲһ֦ʯ̨գۼͽʯ̨ǣεӰľ֮󣬸ټ
̧ǰϻ֦㿪ǰľüͷ΢΢ǸԵʿȫһѻЩľȻֻǸޡһԼ
ǰ֦ԴԴϣһʼնЩ֦ܿʶԡ
ЩֽǿȾӵġ
üһն֦֮ĿĶ֦
֦ڻ֦ķ϶Уʯ̨֮ϣܿͿʼÿή󻯳˹˸֦Щ֦ۿģøӴִЩǡľή󣬻Ϊ֣Ÿ֦Ǹ֦һСС֦Ҳգ۾ͳɳһµ֦
˳ľԵʿԡϢԴԴϣԣκȥȿסľԻ
У취
겻ˣһ罣ǰԥĽǰľ顣Ȼһ˲и֦˷ΧҧãֻˡȻһΣβٸ괭ϢĻᣬ֦׷꣬һע⣬ͻᱻ֦С
Ҫ
ԺһͷȻġ
ÿ˶ãԽ֪飬϶ܻúܼ򵥡ȻΪһִˣСΨ˼룬ʲô£ӲѧϰķΪһ򵥵¡
ᣬԭģһͣΪԼ츳ãڻڴء
ŬôãѵҪʧܣ
ۡ
ԭٶȻȴܶ㿪Щ֦Ȼÿһζǿʱ䣬ſȴʼûٱһΡ
оԼһΣ˽ʥǸڰռ䡣
ʥվϣɿĿģȴ޷˺ԡǰʯڣ̧֣ĻȥֻͨͨһûκλڵʽҲûж฽κ
޾Խɢһ˲佫ڰռ䶼һ㡣
罣һʱͷ֣ϢˡԼԼϤĸо罣Ľ̲סʼ
̫ˣѾǲԼһΣܵʥϢʲôʱˡ
껺ۣһ鶯º͵˫ۣù޹⣬һλˡޱĿ֦Ŀ˿ûĻ̌ôٶȣȴոպ֦˵ǰǰһ̣ȥ
ʱ·ֹһ˲䣬׳֦ͣϸȥᷢЩ֦΢΢ͺŬѣȴȫ޷ǿһ㡣
ΪЩ֦Ŀߣεĸоԡôһ˲·𶼱סһ㣬־ڱǿһЩڿѾ޷֧ǰȻЩ֦Ҳû̫ܳá
⣬罣Ľɢգۼ䣬ոջҪն²նϵ֦ת˲ͱնϣ֦ɢһα飬һֱмƮƮڿС
ελãױ¶︡һ˿𾪣ϵٶȺܿ죬õ֦ܿм£ԼҲʼš
Ȼˡ
Ӱ΢΢һΣһ̾ͳڷεǰǱĽͬʱڷεĲƮڿУ΢΢䵭ĿŷΡûпڣȴ˼
䡣η֣ȴûĲޣЦЦʦȻ
仰·һ㣬ԭƽ޲ͻȻĿ⻺ڷϣ˰βŸһϤЦ⣺л
߳ԣʤ
ıԽĲףıȴҪһЩº󣬸оһף俴ԼıЩ֣ôˣ
ףĬĬҡҡͷ
ô˵˵ոϣ񿴵˽ʥǸϲӰӣ
˵ʥȻ˶Ī⣬ߣףλļν˵λʥǸա
˶Խ֮⣬ʲô
ףһʥͱǼһ˺ü̳þơڶֱȸǼһ·ħȻ˵·СˣΣǽʥҲ֪ȥģҵؤףҲһ
ԽԽ
ףҧ
ҪǿǼһĽҲܾˣףһư˽ˡ
ϧʥҲûܻ
ףѾǵãһμʥʲôʱˣ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڳ˯żѹҲֻȥѰ˴һܡ
Ȼĳһѹʱµħʥʧܣˡ
ף䲻ƲƲ죬ǼһﻹǷ̳ǧǾء
ţʲô걾ڿǵսף˵ʲôתͷôˣ
û¡ףҡҡͷ̧ͷһ̨ϵıԡ
̨ϻʣԣһ½Ϳһʦ֣ʦ㡣
ʦƺ˴ҲԸʯ̨ϴķǳңʯ̨ǿȶ΢΢Щ𶯣ü궼ǽڿʼ
½Ϳһߡ
½ͿҪӮˡ꿴ǵıòпΪ֮ӵȷ̫ŴˡٶѾܿˣȻ½ͿٶȸһЩڿλǺܿҪԪӤˡ
ǡٶҲδ̫ˡ
ͻȻЩ


 86 

Ȼ, 껰ûã½ͿѾӮĶ֡ǵͨ죬½ͿĿǲޣġ
ϧ, ʯ̨Ѿʧ, ٲ, Ҳֻת뿪
תͷһԵʯ̨
ʯ̨쳣, Ҳ֪ʲôʲôԹ, Ȼôѷ֡ʯ̨΢΢ţƺЩҪŲס˵ĽһԱűԵĳϣüˡ
λʦг𣿡̲סСʵ
Ȼ˱, ûֱ뿪, Ҳߡʻ, ˵ͷ˵ΪҢʦ֡
˭
գգۣԼеϤ, ȴôҲ벻
ΪС, ֪ȻҪࡣλʦĶԹ, ҲΧ˵һ㡣
λʦ㣬һҢʦֵδޣһҢʦֵ÷˺񶼶Ңʦ⣬ϧ
ϧ˲磬λҢʦ֣ǸС߲ܾ, Ǳֺţӵұ֮
ֲá꿴˿õλʦ㣬ӡ
оԭܻôãʵҲܻˣλսַӾͽԭˡ
Ҫ֪λҢʦ֣ҲԭСϡ
ֻλҢʦ֣Ȼ಻츳̫ãڱϵλòǰղһʱûǱһ£λʦġ
Ͼ÷δڵˣҲˡ
˲䣬ʯ̨ϱһ޴ıԭЩҡҡ׹Ľ˲䱬ƣ޴˳嵽꼸ǰףֵ̧ϧĵӾûôõĴˣһе˱˴ϣһѪ
⡭λʦô𣿡Щ𾪡
ף佫˺úûסû걻˵Ӧǳ˵ҩ
ͺӦףĻһ㣬ʯ̨ϵһ˲䱬֮󣬱ܿήоˡ
üʯ̨ϿȥȻʯ̨ҲĲӣƣ
һʯ̨ϣǼ˵״̬ҲֻҡҡͷʤˣµƹأѾѣ޷ˣıֻȨ
꣺
Ҳ۷׷ףû뵽
껹ûӦͼλһģԭҪѵʯ̨˲ϳһ飬Աߵʯ̨Ҳɿ˽İ˿ʯ̨ڳڳһ޴ʯ̨ʯ̨֮ϣһֵľͷм䡣
ľͷƮڿУֻаƴֻǿۣ͸оĵһ¶·ĶҪˡһԵף鶼ЩĿ΢΢ƫƣƺǶʯͷЩɵ
ľѵͷСĸͣ˵УؼһϿͨɽ磬¿ڤȻһľͻȻնϣ֦ת˲ήϵҲټؼֻʣһСؽľɡ
ֻϧµĽľûͨأ֪̾Ȼ˵ǽľǱһڱܣû뵽˵Ȼġ
Լףνģ¾ǽľΪƾ裬ݵĽˡ
ôϼʯ̨Ѿ׼ϣ뿪ڣͱ̨µˡ
Ȩ˵ĺɣȻԵ˿ɲɡ
ףһ˿㵣Сʦã
갲ЦЦ͵ҵ֪ҲŸոͻƽڣ϶ȲСʦֵģ½Ϳ꿴һƺҲЩȵǣʵǿֻҪܵǰѾ㹻ˡ
ǵһǰɡ
ôţĿûס¶һ˿ߡ
ôһ˿ȴף䲶׽ˡ
ףĿ΢Ŀ˳ߣԼͽϡ
˵½Ϳ츳õһˡֻ츳Ҳһõˡ˺ѪȴףħףźܴвȻףȴûɱ½Ϳˡ
ǻףõԼķɹİףΪʦ
Ȼ½Ϳ֪ףݣħͽܡ뵱ħǶǲòħΨֱħ׷ɱȻλ½ʦܣȴô򵥵ľͳɹˡ
ο½ͿЩﶯĶû˷һȻӺܶ࣬еʧ٣ζȥһģ½ͿɱЩһ״ӡ
Ȼһֱڣ½Ϳĺúõģûбץ˼
ף΢΢ۣԼƺСλͽܵݡ
ͻȻһ˿΢΢ͷȴףı顣
Сʦ֡ʶĿڣȴ֪Լ˵ʲô
ʲôʲôҪ¡
ȷ𣿡ǳϿ꣬ȷһ顣
ع񣬵˵ͷ
ôһԣʼҲٶ˵һ󣬱ʯ̨˳
½Ϳʯ̨ϡףȻҲ׼̨ȴקסعͷͶЩãȻЩŵǵĿ⡣
Сʦ֡Խżܾףʯ̨ᷢܿµ£ȴ²Щʲôۿʱһһȥףɰվǣڡ
߾̨԰Ȩ㡣ϴߴٵ
һͻȻԼΪʲôẦˡ
ԭף䣬һֶûеڻңûвμӴȵĻᡣȻڵף䣬ħѹԼΪݣҲǸͨӣôܴĹף䡣
δȣҪת۵㣬ҲԺܹΪһŵҪԭ
ˣȫˡ
ûǣ֮·򲻿˶ɽڣҲпܵ޷ɹҲ޷صִ
Сʦ֡㡭ſڣȴû취˵ףȨĻ
ףûϵĻĵĵꡣ
̧ۿɿ֣ɵĶףЦЦСʦּͣ
ףĿһۣá
ڳϵʱһ̣ףʯ̨֮ϡ绯ΪĻʯ̨ϿףһۣҲû˵ʲôĿڣԿʼ
꿴̨ϵˡ
½ͿⱾǣδľѡ֮ӣ絽ɽٶȣɹħ֣ػס磬ǧΨһɹˡ
һף䣬Ȿķɣħ磬Ϳ̿˼
궢˿ã̾˿
һֱֻҪؼңΪ˻ؼңҲһֱŬɾڸոһ˲䣬ͻȻоִûôˡ
ȻʱͦģóԵĸĸþģȴҲˣ㲻ʲôźˡĸĸ͸ȻΪѹһ󣬵ϾǶ׼ʱҲվµġ
οܺԥ뿪
ȻһֱģȴȵĴʦ֡ĶţһʼһԼɢĶʦ֡ĲУȴְﻤ̵ʦ֡
СΪħȴԸߣƽΪѹġСʦ֡
벻ˡ


 87 

ףʯ̨ϵʱ, ½Ϳ΢΢ЩءΪףͽܣȻ֪Լʦ֮Ĳ࣬ҲûԼԴùף䡣
ôҪŬ
ҪʦԼĽ
½Ϳ, ףıɶˡ
̨֮ǰĻ, ɹذס, ԭڱħҲ˳ſ˻ȥ
ףȥ룬ʱ꿪ȨĻ, ܲѹסԼĵ׵ħ
, ϶ѹƲס
ףɫ΢ڱ˿ĵط･ֳһ˿īɫ
ҺãСʦѡ, ף俴Լͽ, Ҳûô˳ˡ
ףԴûʲôȤ, μεĴȣҲֻΪѡܺãҲԸǵԼСʦѹ, ԡף俴Ŷص½Ϳ, ü, ҲٻԼ齣
ĽͬףĽӵա
Ľǹģ־塣ףĽڰ֪ʱͻͻȻ֣˷ʤ
½Ϳ˵ȴѡףĽܹأս͸ϰ, ϸոԿʼ½ͿѾʯ̨ϵĳ
ʯ̨ѾںһΧ㹻ףһʱҲûҵ½ͿλáҲżվڳ롣
ףĶȻ½Ϳˣ
ʯͷȵ˲䣬΢졣΢ӹһ˲ķԼżֵģǼĺ

ףĵĽ΢΢ϸ޷ֽеĴڡԥתҽźһһԼ
ײذϵһ
һУ½Ϳԥһν˿С
΢΢Щȣ֪ǿ϶ܵõһ֮ǰûעǵʽû뵽ǾȻ·ġ
Ȼתһ룬ȴЩãȻ
԰ԭǣǿʲôʲŴӮ
귢ʱʯ̨ϵıѾ˺ü֣˵Ҳơ
򴽣ͻȻЩ֪ۡԻǺģǿףˡ
ﻹЩǲ
ˣˣħʵƺܴܿӮˡ
ﰲοԼ
Ȼϸ˲һᣬȴͻȻ֣ⳡϵľƣĺ̫һ
ףȻ½Ϳѹˣ
ôܣ겻ŵĿʯ̨˶ãȻġ
겻֪ĵĵطҲкܶڹעⳡԡ
ȶķ˵ǶԴķ䣬ÿ˶Լҵĵ㹻ģվȴôӡ
һһǰŰţһʼǸŵӣΪȥתһȦͺһӿһ㣬š֮Խ٣Ϊڵ˵ӡ
һǰźüˣһֱһͨӣ״Ӷ㡣
ôһʼȫĵӣȴǴǵĺĵӣվ
ЩܲģȴҲòϣ˶㡣
½ͿȻǽڡ˵̾ٷΪֻǴţϾһڵٶȣʵ̫š
ף䣬Ҳǽ𵤳ˡ˿еĳһôĵӡ
£ķ
˵£ҲǸˡºͣ˭һĶŵӣȻ˽ˣȴǶֻһۡ
ĺڡ
ÿӹÿθ˵ǶҪȿǻ᲻ᱻӡ
ԣֻº͵ЦЦֵĺܺá
ʻ˷ۣҲû˵ʲô
Ҽǵף֮ǰҲڣʲôʱͻƵģ˲ԸôºŪȥ׷һ䡣
üȴЦˡϤЦ⣬Ƕ̲ס˶ÿ˵ʱ򣬾ͻôЦ
˵Ѿܾûлˣһֱס塣ȻôĻȥһʦЦŵ
ʻʶĿߣȴǱ߱Ŀⶳһ£æӣٶ໰ˡ
ˣµĿҲ˴ȵʯ̨ϡ
ӣʵû̫ӡʵ֣˵ÿԼЩӡȻף䣬ȴֻ֪ȷĵӡ
ʱյͽΪյͽµļȴѰ
Ȥ
ϧ˰һᣬ̲סڣ⿴Ҫˡ
ûϵףȻڳţÿ˶Ҫˡ
˵꣬һֻı鿴¡
ûȤֻǿʯ̨ıһ˿ɻ
֪ǲĴܸоף䲢ûþȫⳡڱ˿ҲܼңȻµףʶһһԼʧܡ
ˡ˭
ſףı֣ҲЩɻյԱߣСʵ㣬ȷûϴ𣿡
ôҲãħΪݹ
ħǸ£ӡ
Ŀһۣûд˼
ʯ̨ϴɼңȻ˶ܿףıѹơ
Ȼܿףͱ½Ϳһƣĳʯ̨ķΧ½ͿڴڵĴϢţͷǺﻹһ˿ãȻ
ղʲôû룬ֻսͻȻӮˣ˶ûܻع
½Ϳɵջ֣ôһ˲ΪʵǻûӦ׷ʲôʯ̨ϵĽľͻȻĹ⣬˵Ŀ⡣
½Ϳʤ

 88 

㳡Ĭˡ
û뵽, һǰŸոհŵ½ͿȴһĴ϶˵һ
еĵӶڿ½ͿȻ½Ϳȴڿף䡣
֪ԼʵܴĹף䡣
ף䲢ûʹȫ
½Ϳü, ⡣Ȼʯ̨, ֱףΪʲôҪˮ, ֻջĿ⡣
ˣԶ, Ĺһһġ
ף䵭Ŀһ, ֱߡ
ɵĿ˲Χˣ̲סǰѹΪʲôˣ
ףɻ󣺡򲻹, ˡ
򲻹㡭ħ, д򲻹ˣ
һ, ʣµĻ˻ȥ
ף仹һ⣬㲻֪Լ׶Ѿˡ
Ҳ
Ժ㱻Ҵ, 㻹ôֱ׳
еķ, һ, ʯ̨ϸһƬĻ
Ƕ֪Ļʲôһʱû˿ڣĶŹĻ
ĻϿʼֵӵֺ֣滹ŷ
ߵȻ½Ϳһ½;꣬õķͣڶ, ½;ȻҲûӴ̫磬ǹ⻷Ҳࡣ
һԣֱӷȻ½Ϳķͳ
㶼ţ˳¿ͿԼķ
һ㶣ȴתͷףķһۡǼȥһ͵ķĻһڶ˰׾
˼롣
Ȼףڶûʲô֣ȫֲһķ˵λ
ף俴΢΢ü
ġ
Ļʾʮֺ󣬱㰵ȥ
ʯ̨ϳʮƮŵСӣÿӶһģһΣƾĻȫֲ
ǰʮĵһһʯ̨ϣ࿴˿һɨȥҲϤӰȻ꣬Ҳǰʮڡ
˿ĿҲ˺ϡ
½Ϳûж˷ʱ䣬һ걾ҲһҪ̧֣ͿĸͻȻ˲
ǲᣬһ£ΪԼĴ
ܿ죬ǺӾֶ˶˹
⧲ְֻѺӽס
⡭ҲǵһһʱЩãȻ
Цһ£ɡ
Ȼ֪ʲôȻԸѡԼҲûĺӡ
ףѡ򵥣ȫ˳־ѡԼһ
ȵ˶ѡ֮ؼӿࡣ
ġҪʼˡ
һֱƮŵĽľʼϵķųâǹâĿֻ޷Ļ֮еľԼԼ̶̵һؽľǹ֮пʼ
ֻ˻ʯ̨ϣ꿴ǹĻһԼ
ȥɡϵ̬࣬Ȼǰ
½ͿƬ̣ףûзԣŷ߽˹Ļȵ⽫ıӰûĺһ
մȥһԵһȣͿĻг½Ϳ߳Ӱ
⡭ô𣿡ãȻ
еʱʱ䲢һϽ͵
½Ϳ߳ıƽ꿴Լ΢΢˵ͷŪһ㶡
ֻԼ֪Լжţҽ¶䣬Ψֱ˷ڲ
ˡϿꡣ
ͻȻЩţ̲סֻͷףһۡ
ףĿϣ΢΢һüƺôˡ
ҡҡͷתͷĻ˹ȥȻǹĻȴһֱǰȴô߲һŲ˶٣عͷ˵ʲôͷԼûʯ̨ˡ
ѾĻ֮ˡ
ĽŲͣãȻܿȥȴʲôһƬâ磬ʲôﶼûС
áСĿڣ𣿡
յصڿռ֮УһվԭЩɣ֪ԼЩʲô
һԲԲİɫĹϢĻεǹΧںһ𣬲ϸ
һʱģʲһϵͻȻΧ𡣡ʹȥδ˵ɣ⡣
˲俴һܣûҵˡ
ǡ𣿡գգۣͼѰҵˡ
⣿ȴֻ꣬һҪ
æϣǡ
⡣һΡ
˶٣ҡʵ̫ˣΪʲôԼڵľǲѾˣԺħܷܲɹ
ܻؼ
ֻһ⡭򴽣Щԥ
ɵʱĹƺҲˣЩƮ˹Ҳе㺦꣬ĵĲ˵ϣôСƮ
Ȼ֪ײʲôϣһ·ģײĽűߡ
һ
ͷһһʱʵûײԼǸС
ϧСԼˤԺģʶľһԹ˹һίڣӡ
ע⵽ССĹ
ɵһָ˴С
СŲŲ
һ
ŲһŲ

ٶһӱˣٵԱ߹Ȼ˲һӣͱֱӿ˵ϡ
ӡ
齩˽һʱЩ֪룬û취СҪܣʶľˡ
Ͼ˶èԣǰζһȥ
оĵĹƺں£ϵ̧֡
һ˲䶼ûܷӦʶԼſʶľܡ
ȻͲ֪ײʲôͨһſ˵ϡ
ۡûס
С򡪡СѾˣˡ
Ѿȫʲôĵ£˴ײĹ򣬸оеڴôˣˤˣ
ҲסСڵϹ˹Ƿ˸Ȼͷɵǰ
СתһȦͻȻ˲꣺ÿ
΢΢۾ЦۣҲܺÿ
ϲ
ţҲϲ㡣
ɷɣ
û壬ɻĿС򣬡ʲô
ɷɣɷɣСȦͻȻϡ
һһĴӵȫȫסƮһĳ˹ȥ
һ֪̾֡
һ㶣ԼΪʲô⡣
ȥѽԺǸġ
Сģľľľľ
ڷĺܺһʱû壬˵ľľ֣裿
ϧСƺϲһ仰ֻ˵֣˵֮Ͱ
ҲûٶʣСһ·ǰɡ
Сһᣬٶȱ̧ͷĿǰ˹ȥ
޵ĹĻ֮Уһþ޴Ĺ·޾ԶŶ֦ϣС򣬿ǹڷ΢һ㡣
С꣬ڹǰ֮ͣ󣬱ıǱıġ͹ҵ˹ϡ
ֻʣãȻվ˹ǰ
ǡľ𣿡


 89 

̾˿
һ֪ԼҵСϲÿ, ÿС͵ܳȥˣҲûôţôһֻ۱һֻ۹ȥˡ
⻹СһΣ˸͵Լǰ
뵽С򵽵жϲˡ
ֻٺÿ, ڹǰһ, ûʲôرġô, Ҳûﲻһ
ǻһ˲ͬ
ꡭһͻȻЩȤ
ɫ΢, Ŀ˲侯
Ȼܿ
ȻҲע⵽˲ı, ûоʲôðģЩ࣬һŲԸñ֪ܡǰһ࣬Ȼɻʡ
ֻ, , ʱ, ǵıĶ̽Ҳδ̫ʵˡ
ȻСˣȻҲ˺ȥ
ȻʱСԻϺüꡣ
ľ֮ǰ, ȷôƺġĿ, ֦΢΢ζ, һԻûһľӣɡ
ɵ
ģ֮еʱ䣬粻һϼ꣬˿Ҳֻһ˲ˡľڰ
ȴһ¡
Ȼڽã˿һ˲, ǻ᲻ϰֻ꣬˲֪˸ԼǵãԭǺȷڵһɴ֮ΪһֱţԽֶûκ⡣
˻ͷԺ߰뷨ѹȥ˶ã˵û̫Ĺϵ
֦΢΢ζţļϡ
ôڡ
ҡţͷŽµҶ
ʵҲ֪Լ֪ʲôʼʱؼңڡȴе㶯ҡԼؼ𣿾ȥˣôøĸĻһѾ˵ŮǰǻῪġǻᾪ֣
岢ģϸĴ꣬𡭡ǶᣬӦǸ塭
걻˵һͷˮʵͶ᲻һ𣿡
ҲΪһֱԭЩΡ
һ͵֮ˣԭﻹֻ꣬ǱǿмԼ壬֮ͻΪɢɢ塭ԭ꣬ѾȥˣҲ廻һѡ
ԭ֮ǰˣ
겻ŵĿŹ
ǣʱ򣬸û˷ģҲ˵ԭû֪뵽⣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô
е𡭡ȴƺڶļ䣬һһĿš
ûҶԺ̲ס֮ǰʡ
ʱ׽ˡ
ãһǼٵ𣿡ƺЩ棬һжľ飬һʵ磿
ҡҡͷûôɵ
ûĻҲȷᰴǱľȥȻƫƫһֻܻһ籩ôˡ
ڵľ顭ͱĸˡ
۵̾˿
뵽ף䣬½ͿֻԼͷҪ
صԼ磿ƺǿļ䡣
򴽣ûеͷҡҵİְ͸磬ǹô
ľ֦˻Σƺڵͷ֦ǰ֦ţһķľ򣬶ľ˺ܶӰ
һĻ
꿴˸ĸҲ˸磬б豧ŵԼĻûԼҲѾ׼ӭµ꿴ŻϣְοЦݣһֱִȥ
ͦá
ҲǲЩѹСϻƮǰĲ˲
ع񣬽Сģû¡
֪Լ֮Ҳܺúõȥ˵㹻ˡԹлĵĹ򣬾ʹ뿪ˡ
ȴôߣȥ
겻ôˣ
˲꣬һƮ˹ǰƺڸ˵Щʲôε̾˿Ӧ
һ⡣꣬Сһ
һ㶣׹
СӦղŹĻΪΪ֪£ȴʣŻѹС˹ΪһΡ
뵽⣬һƬ򴽣ԸܾС⡣룬Լûʲô֪¡ȷһ¡
ǡ֪꿴Źԭ꣬Ǳ˭ɱأ
ʱΪԭٻûһֱԼᰵرɱ֪ԭ֮ǰѾˡһʱ˵Ǻ棬ֻԼǶʳѰһ𰸡
֦󻯳һ֡
סˡ
Ǹˣʶ


 90 

갴սľ˵, ˳Źһֱߣܿ߳˹ĻȻף½Ϳվǣͺոտ߽ȥһ
ЦЦ, ȴûп, ǰվһߡ
ʣµľֻףˡ
ףǹĻûʲôø, ΢΢üЩִȴֱֲȨ, Ϊһ, ܹлļֱˡ
̾˿ףֻĻȥ
꿴ıӰûпڡ
Ӷڻصһ仰ôСʦ֣
ԭȻףɱġ
ôһ룬궼Ҫˡ
һʼںɽ, ǼһǷ֡ꡯû, ģ, ЩħںɽҲΪ˾Ϊףħиʶʱ, ףֵֹĻͱ顪
һ٣
, һٶ, Ҫ٣
ߺߵģۿף߽˹ĻջĿ⡣
תͷȴǿһԵ໴˼ĿԼĿܸӣһ˿ɱ
겻Ըʱ˳ͻջĿ, ໴˼ıŤ
¸ţΪʲô껹ܺúõվ
ˣߵСͽܣһ̣ħ年ᣬҲû˻ȥ
໴˼ԽԽþô£Ҳƫĵģ˶ƫꡣ
ôô졭໴˼վʯ̨ϣＵʵҪ
Ȼˡ໴˼սһƿ
ȵףҲӹĻ˳ĻͿʼ΢΢ţ¹գеĽľҲѾ֪ټˡף䵭ĻصߣҲ֪ʲôһʱЩ档
˵֮󣬱˳дܽᡣ
䣬͸оɻת໴˼վ
໴˼ϴЦ·ղǸһݶĴһ㡣̲סЩ裬ôһαװˣҲδ̫ˡ
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