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1
޳ϡ
Ϊ֮ǰǾˡ
ֻһ谮СŮԹɿֵӡ
޾ԣһһ޴Ц
ǰʧߣԳһС˵ȵ˯֮ʱֻ˯˹ȥ
һȻ
ˡԽ֮Ӯ֮·һŮ䡣֮⣬һζܱݣϵá
ȻǱС˵ţԽŮϱӹĲãȻʹԽˣǸУŮƾòɹջ˰顣
䶼ϲջõİ顣
Լǵôһʲôʲôرֻ˵ңȫͷ
ͷʹŶͷ̧ۿĴӶҵ֣ĵϣϱõĲɫƹ£ڿ񻶡
ԼһţĿվƿ
ĪЩƶȹ
Щš
İóָֻƽĴָһͽ⿪ˡ
ʱǰ˵㡣
ھưɡ
ͷ̫ʹˣǮŰȥˡ
֮վڽϣ紵ҡ
ҪȥĶأ
еҴţŮңأ
˺þãھưɸʱʱڨЩԸС
װϸ촽ҫۣĳҹ
ˣ˲ǰڨŹ֣
ȥԱߵ̳һ·ãѻµԸкڶȹһҲۡ
˱Ϻ£оһ㣬ֱյĹ̽ȥһˡ
ܣ紦ĸоһᡣ
ҵȥҹֻΣ̫ˡ
һԵ̬ȣֻңͼһȽȷĵַԥ˻ᣬǴĳŵͼνȥ
⳵һ͵ˣʦȷĿĵأ˳
Ŵĵƺ̣ҹ֣ʵҲˣѾһ硣
Сʱӳ̣ͼϵλ
ǸطǱ羰ͿãСסǶ
⳵ʦ˵Ÿ̾⼸귿ԽԽǵضδ
һЦ΢΢ҡͷǣţְһڡ
ʦӺӾۣϴҲƣŨױȴ峺͸һӵͲ¡
ʶȤر졣
ͷƯɫСﶼȥһЩõ飬Լȥˡ
ôãοأ
֪ʦ뷨֪Ҳ˵ġ
ڶ֪ԼҪˡ
Ǯ³ʦĿϣ̾˿תͷˣԣеˡ
Ǯѽ
ܶƯıȺκһռضܹ㣬źص㣬һ֪ǳеġ
ҿܺãЩ컨䣬׺ȻƯ
˼ǰͳһüͷһֺϤĸо
ͻȻԺдʹɵöһСʹ･ЩϢ
ģӴ˵ģҵģŮġ
һ۾ܳܿơ
ĿЩʹõʹؿڶţһͷһؿڣܡ
ٹʮӺֵֹĸоʧ
Ŀڣɫ԰ס
ոշ·˿һۻһȴô
һͷԵִֵĹﰡ
ĨᣬƺҲĨһ䡣
壬ˡ
˲䣬·ֱһ˵ľ־ˡ
˰ɡ
վǰߴıһĨЦ
Ҳû飬ֱһĮķصء
Ҫߵġ
֮ǰҪһЩ飬ΪҲΪ˸ոճʧ˵
ѭż߽ȥϤĸо
ⴱΧɫٲݵ׺ΧɫΧɫֲװãȻ
ԺɫʻúܲãǱ˻úܺá


2
ߵſڣа̳æ˵Сˣոշ˻үأ
λӡ󻹺ãҲƣҲҹ˺üˣˡ
Ц˵ΰˡ
ΰЦϵеѻһ𣺡¶ǰӦģȽȥɣأ
򵥴˸кȥˡ
үӣһ轨У࣬һ֡
ҲǡԽ֮Ӯ֮·޵гɹνʯ壬ƽҲƣڡ
ߴȱŮˣδϣֱŮ֣ݺ͵ĳ֣Ŵɡ
˵ҳĶǳ֣үһ޾ˣ轨ҲˣͲйŮˡ
ֻǻûԼϲˡ
֣ݺ͵ĳǡôһ᲻Ĵڡ
ͻȻ뵽ЩҲֵϲŮ֮ϲ
仨ˮ飬ͷһա԰볡
ظүо֮飬ظȥүӾͰӵңΪŮ
۵˹̫֡
ԼµĹɷתûҪ
ʱɫˣֵ֮Ĺɷݡ
轨ҲǲԸģϾֻŮ
үӷȢɷһһ롣
׵ĻƽôںЩ
֪ϲ밡ֱӾ;ܾˣүӱһ١
ˣ͸ˡ
֮ǰǲôģһȫû⣬Ժ˳
ƫϲǲʱ򻹹Ľʣǲˡ
үѹţͰȥˡ
ңֻүӶĵĺá
ɳϿӣһ󸾵ˣ￴˼£ֻصϡ
ˡ
أ
֪ʵ֡
಻ȢһҲĻŮˣơ
Ҳܲϲָ硣ӣȨĸ׵Ļеġ
ȥĶˣô֪
ʵͽҡͷҲ֪ǹ˾°ɣ
ֿһۣ֮ǰϽ磬ھȻԸˣ
̫߳ˡ
˵Ǻһȥ𣿾Ȼ֪ȥĶˡ
ڰˣҪء
ת¥Ҳûٶ˵һ仰
ڰֵ̬ȣܲ
ص䣬װƫ䵭ģǵãԭǷۺɫĹΪ˵һ䲻̸ۣıˡ
οأ
Ĳϲķ񣬺һԵķ䡣
䵭ĺڰɫҲһɫİɫԵǺɫ컨嶼ͬɫذǺɫͷĵǰɫ
һڰ׶ɫ磬ζ
ûı䣬ܿҪ뿪ȥɡ
￪˵ƺһܰĸо
ù˯½ȥϴ衣
˯²ŷ֣˯¾ȻƫɰģʮƤ
û˼ƾӺˡ
صϢ
ڶ磬ʱֻа̣νϰˡ
ϴ򵥴һеTһ¥
Ϊ׼͡
ôô㣿һܴ𣬡Ҳ̫ˣûӪ
պһţ̧̣ͷ
һͷ΢׵үӲϵĶſĿ·Щɷǡ
ˣҲԶٵġܻӦһ䡣
棬˵㻹ڳ壬ҪҲܳôٵ֪㻹ᣬʮŮҪԣֵģүү㱣֤
ոȥ̫Ҫڣһð̶׼Щ
СӹǻҪŮʲôʰǺš
үүҲʣҳԵѾܷʢˡҪٳһ㣬ЩҲԲꡣһүǱߡ
϶һ磬ҪӪ
޿Цŵ
úÿֵ껪ڷ󣬳崿һǱֵĺӡ
ɾǣǸТӲ
ҪҲϲСԺͲõСˣҲչˡ
ſڣС𰡣ģүүһǳСĸԸȢģ
׷ϰʱҲʹ˻Ůİ֮ϣвپġ
ϵЩɷҪСģ֣ȱǮġ
ǿ𳤴ġ
ظʱˣĸˡ
۰Ըĺӿǲͬ
ʹӣǺϵпɰŮǡ
޵Ļæҡͷ̬ϣүү˰ɣʵҲǺϲ硣


3
ѹϲ֣˶˵İģϲȥ
Ȼ޳⣬һܺͰˡ
ôˣǳС۸ˣģүүѵ˵
Сôÿֶ
ǳС۾Ϲ˰ɣ
һҪúýѵһ²У֪ߵغСӣ
òãүүû˼
ڲ֪һֱνİ顣æͣھǿͱŮһҲûиоϣҵԼϲˣҹһ
˵ǲǿŮһ𣬳ԴԲˣģүү
Сӣ
˵վҪȥ绰ˡ
űˣæסޣ£ٺúýͣүүġʵϲѧˣңҶԸ磬öԸĸ顣
ֵ޾ˣ֮ǰϲСӵСҲ̫ˡ
ǲǣֱǸ֪ҶϲԸ磬ֻǸ硣ӲͷƤ͡
ٲһɣ޾Ҫȥˣڲ𰡣
һСǵﲻֻԶԶ뷽Ϊϲߡ
аţֻҪ˵޾ͺˡ
޺Ǿȣ̾Цеģ仯Ƿḻ
ϧϧСûˡ
ҲãҲáүү˵˵ϲ˭үүȥŪؼңģһ׼°ߵļơ
ЦãʵЩжĶԼð
үүһСģѧˣԺ㣬ҲҪŬѧϰø㣬Ժ׷˼ҡ
͵Լôһϲˣǡֳѧ˰ɡ
⻰ܸˣɸ̾СĳˣǣҪ㣬úѧϰԺϲǸѡ
ҲԺĵŮ
ڵһģ޸ĸûֵܽãһˡ
ֻһͷǵġ֮Ҳˣʣһˡ
ܵҪѡһһ˲С
СϲСӸãСӻİһõѡ
ЩοŮɰ
ү˵˻ỰүӺŸȥϢˣʰȥѧУҪĶ
ǼүӶ˾ȥģ׶԰ѧһֱˡ
ǴһҵأżţһϢ磬һ٤磬ƽϿκҵǱȽɵġ
ϵֻ𶯡
Է֣ݺ֣ͣŮ
½ι
СĶңҡԷʣѧУտȡ
죬һ𣿡
˵ãϹ
񣬺֣ݺǺѣ
ͷһţ֣ݺͿ޳ȥǵ
ֺˡ
֮ǰ֣ݺҲϲ׷֣ݺͺһжˡ
ŮҪŮģ֡
үȴӾֵᣬƶŮĸ鷢չƲ
ڵɲٹЩˣ֣֣ݺͣξΣһϷģеķˡ
ÿһԽС˵УŮ䶼ĺܲҡ
һСףûо飬Ȼǲеˡ
˾ѧУ͸
ԼߵտȣһĿȵꡣ
ʱ٣һ˶ࡣ
һȥͿ֣ݺͣٱǲ崿޺ҡβĵһϲ͡
мȸߣӰ֡
ߵְɣʣµķպȻߡ
֣ݺ͵ĳ಻ͬױʱҲֻ΢е崿۽΢΢еζ
ǲŮĳࡣ
֣ݺڽ䣬Ϲ飬ģ
˱¡
֣ݺһӾˡ
Сңҡû˵ֿˡ
ʣôˣǳʲô𣿡
Ҫҿܲܰ㡣һֵֽ֣ݺ͡
֣ݺͲ˲ᣬǿסˣȥưɣˣҴȻȥģ֮ңҲ֪ôء
ڴϣңҲɾС𣡡
ܺڣ֪͵ȵˡöԾưɺ棬С˵СҲȥˡ
ŴһѾɾˡ
֣ݺͲͣᣬ۾ͨ죬ǿ˺ܾˡ
סǺ֣ݺȥưˣ
֣ݺʪˣ
ֲֻһˡ
ݺͣʵҲˣʱ
Ҳһ֣ݺ»ں޵ˮ
ǵĴҲöԾưɺģҪҵȵ뿪ǶµġԲС𡣡


4
֣ݺȻˡ
ǣԼſ˯ˣʱˣҲûˣΪͻȥˣҲŻȥһǸӦô绰ģݺͣҶԲ㡣
Ǵ֣ݺȥ棬˺˵ơ
мڨҵ𣬵ʱ˻û
֮ˣ˳ۣ֣ݺҲᡣ
ֻһ˳󣬿֣ݺһꡣ
𿴼ˣҲ֣ݺˣԼ͵غȾƣʲôҲ֪ˣﻹܹ֣ܵݺ͡
Уһֱ׵д
֣ݺͺ֣˹ϵ
Ҫʼ׷֣ݺˡ
֣ݺ͵ͷһֱҡͷǵģСģҵʱǸ˺ܻÿҾ͡
ʵҲ˵ǺЩǴԽģһеҲνһֱûйľԻ̫ܹԼһء
ΨһĺѾֻˡ
ûΪľګԱܺãҲ֪ӦǸУΪĺܺá
ġ֣ݺ˵
𲻸ۣοݺͣ͵һҹɣԺҲҪȥֵطˣһ󲿷ֵңҵʱˣûע㡣
㣬ҩ𣿡
֣ݺҡͷŻŵģûУˣȥ򻹿ңҲ˼
ʵû֮ǰͺһˣֶԷ֮ԼԼǵһˣǲֻöԷÿΪΣ˹ȥ
Сһֱ˵ҪǸ˽ӽʱӻȥ
˵ףԼԭ
֣ݺԼԼԵʵµķ
ҡŰ߳ȥ
֣ݺ͵ͷЩãȻ
ʮӺһƿȪˮºִӰóºҩ
Ȱҩˣ˵
֪֣ݺַ˹ϵվһѽǶȣ֣ݺͳҩ
֣֮ݺͲỳС
֣ݺͻǴһһѧҲֻЩ
֣ݺͽӹ£һҲԥ
ôᣬӡ
һҹȥˣǵġ
֣ݺֿظлллС𣬲Ȼҿ֪ܲôˡ
˼ȥҩҲһ͡
˿ڿȣģû£¾͵ȥˣȥúϢҪ룬ǻҪϿء
֣ݺ͵ͷ֪ҾЩѹ
Ҫ룬һҹŮҲԣֻԸԸˣͿԡ˵
СҺ֮֮Ҵһģ͵ĸˡ֣ݺˮ
ϲ֮ġ
ѡѡ֡
֮һܾˣҲϲԼֵð
ΪһϲԼ˳ͷԼ
Ӳ˼ˣô˵һҲҪˣ֣ݺԸģΪ˼֮İ飿
֮еĶ䣬ƫԸ񱣬֣ݺ׷ģദ˰֣֮꣬
ɴ䣬ۼ
ǿ֣ݺˡ
ݺͣ㻹ðɣʵ֮ǳְ࣬Եܲõòȫͬ˵н񱡣
֣ݺ˵̸֮ܺ˰ֶûǣͱ˼˦ˡ
Ϊ棬ȥһ¡
֮УݰҾܺãԸƧ죬˵Ϊ˲̳мҲ
֣ݺͲ᣺û£һҲͺˡ
ллСȥ˭һҲȻؼҰɡ֮
һԽŮȻôһϣģһǡ
׵׵ġ
û£ѡֻҪ֣ݺַϵͺá
װ״˵ľ߿㹻ˡ
֣ݺ͵ѧУſڲŴĻȥ
֣ݺôһ̸ͷɶˡ
յļУԭŮֻĽԼĶ˺ۡ
ǲϲֵġ
ֲϲҪ˵һֱֳĬԴԭ䵭ޱȣ롣
ںˣ棬ѾܻøӺЩٲаõ
صѾӣ轨лˣҲؼˣһģǳԱ˰ɡ
һ˳Է


5
һյĻãʳ޲ǲ˵ˡЩ棬˵ҲãԷ
үƵƵвˣȫ֡
࿴ȥҲּвˡ
ûϵķƣƺЩʳʣζҲ̫ˡ
ΣζҲܰ
Ҵҳ˼ھȳˣүһ
ģֻүӺˡ
ү˳ԷٶʹԵĲ࣬Ҳͨ档
ĳԷϰүӵġ
үүԺסУڼػأҲǺܷ㡣
ңһͬѧദʲôģסڼǶô˵һֱ˵Ļ
ҵģžү᲻ЩԿڡ
סѧУð
ѧôãȥúᡣ
һ磬Ѿҵ˰
˲ζԺǲСˡ
ѧҪعѧУҲҪԼѲǡ
һڻؼһΡ
ͷżҲᣬүүģѾˣЩᾭҵͬѧһҲҪġ
޺ͬĻﲻһ¡
Ҳá
ǵ̫СˣҲСôϢϢûоѧϰҪѧУһСԢ˵
ʧЦүүֲֵҲֻһ**ѣǴȻȲü˯Ҳ´ˡ
ǹҡ
ֻͬ⣬̾ðɣȱʲôҪңУҿʲôõıױ㶩һݣЩٰᶫһʱ
Ů޳ˣҲο
ϸϸ˵һЩУľ飬˵кѣ΢ܷˡ
ûҪүӰ֮ģԼȥͺãѧУǲ̫ͬˣȺһЩܸðɡ
˵£·һʯͷ˵ء
ĲҴˡ
ոճԷʱ򣬳үӣ˸ĸоΣֺǿӰʳ
𿴿¹Ķʰһ£ЩԼԸ⴩ġ
Ϳȥ룬ѧУﻹпλģҺò֣ݺǸᡣ
ĶˣֻҪٺ֣ݺ͵ദȻܽԶֺ֣ݺ͵İ顣
м仹һЩ䣬֮ҲΪ֣ݺͻ
ˮǰ
ˡ
š
üֵ

ȥš
һװߣ߸ߵĸ
ѹһװûһЩ֬ζ
𲻶ɫűԶһЩ磬ʲô𣿡
֣̽ݺ͵İɣ롣
ֲ׼վſڣӸ£˭ȥľưɣͬѧ
ǸŮѧЩ취
ΣЩ
ŮԹɵģһио
ǰͬѧ֣ݺͣܺõһŮ˵
û֣Ҳ֪ġ
ֱ˵ˡ
ֵõ֪Ĵ𰸣ûٶ࿴תˡ
𣺡
ôõ
ţ
·ܶ࣬ҶǴƣһµģܶ¶ǵĿʽû
ĶһЩѰģɼŮΪ˲ţֻ롣
ЩŵķźãŻеó
߰·ݵҪһЩ´£аЬñӣڿ㡭
㻨ĸСʱɡ
ʮһ㡣
Ҵϴ裬Ϳ˱˪˪ϴϢ
Ϊİط˯᲻̫ˣһ
ڶߵòͣߵʮѧУ
˵ϿΡ
ߵʮˡ
һǺܻġ
֣ݺ֣ռλá
мһЦ·
˵㵽ʱѧʦˡ
ʼϿΡ
һ϶ǿΣ˵㵽ʮһʮ
мϢʱ䡣
ѧУ绹һڿΡ
С֣ܲݺ˵ǲǣôоиıһ㡱
֮ǰĸоͬѵһҹĻþ֣ݺЩԺˡ
Ĳˣ˵ǣҸ˵ˣԺҾסУе㿪ġ
֪ǹһˣʵүүûˣסѧУһཻܶһЩѡ˵滰
֣ݺ֪Щǹ¶
ڴһѧھֿˡ
˿źѧĴ󣬳Ҳ˵˴
ֱ½
ү֪ظҥԣ׵Ů
Ҳ֪ˣְʿһ¹оүǹ±ġ
үӶ˵ˣ˲˵ˡ
ҲƽϢ
˶֪ˣҲҪˣ
Լˡ
֣ݺͱǺദúܺãͬҲЩԵˡ
Ҳ֣ݺͺ
ֱ֣ݺͺǣ㲻ϲ֣ݺˡ


6
סУ֣ݺͺܸˣԺԺһˣá
ҲãǿһϿκȥͼˡܸˡ
ҲЦЦɲΪ֣ݺͣζΪ֮ס˲õҪȥ
Ҫһطס£ֻԼ֪
ҪһܰСݣöʣеطһֱţ֮
Ӿ㹻ˡ
ܻ֮ȥصԭǸ硣
İְ軹ڵҪȥġ
ȻˣĲһֱȥ
ȻһΣεǰ飬ĸ׸óԵģ׳ȥ׬ǮѧΪ͡
һˢܳˡ
ճܰãаְ衣ʹḻԵõõĶҲȥ
ΪȥǼҡ
뵽ĸЩԲ¶Ϊ˲ӣǿһЩֺЩ
֣ݺͷֿ֣ݺͻȥ˯һҿſһ
Ͽκ󣬰ɵҵˣŻؼҡ
Լȥģȥӡ
ܲǺҪסѧУˡ
μ䣬Ȼֵ
¹ôãʡ
֣ݺͿɫЩãҲסڼɡ
ʱû˵ǳУţһЩԢȥ
ϺһЩappϣܿܶϢ
ʱҲԺúÿһ
׼һסģ̫лģܼ㹻һ׷ˡ
ǲܻү˵ɡ
֧Լסġ
ȥ۸񣬻ҵһضκͷͶġ
ģѧУܽ
˸绰нҲţҲߣп뷨͹ˡ
һźŮˣŴ羫£Ÿ߸Ьܷͬӡ
һһӽһƽǱȽʵˡ
Ҿ߻ˣƵӺ һ׺ɳҪĻУȫҪˡ
ƣһɣֱӲҪˡ
ôûأ׷Ӻܲ
Ƚ⣬ڼҾߣһЩƷˡ
ǺУֻǸ߳УһٶҲܵˡ
׷ӱȽϿģ۸ٸһ㡣
ûŮ˵һΪͺãɹҲ
òҵЩԣⷿӵڰǰͳˣֻû
Ů˵ϻҪԭȵ˿һ£ҪԷԸ۲С
ȻŮ˵Цϵʽ뿪
Ҫ˵İǲס̣ԼĶҪ۸ʸһЩķ
⡣
Ҳ֪ԼǷֻеȴϢˡ
Уȥˡ
صң̱ڴϢ
·̫࣬⸱ӣ̫С
ͺˣϸϸֲᣬſڣǴС
Ҫıһʣһ£ȻԺεڲٳϣǺܶˣ
˳󣬿ңȷҪ
Щûע⵽񶯵ĵ绰ֱȥϴˡ
󿴵飬ֲ˲Լ˻־Ǯ
УЩ轨УģЩָģ޸ġ
ҲȱǮ˵еǮֻһӣƽڸҲʮִ󷽡
޶ֱÿռͷġ
ʵҶҲǲˣûŰ޺۰ҪҪתɷݸҲᷭ
Ҫֵ֪вٹɷݣ۵ĲƸС߽ɽأ
಻˵ĵطĶûеõĴ͹ذ
޴ûԴ֡
˵ģΪĸ׾Ͳˡ
޶ֺһ㣬ʹתɷݣҲ⣬Ϊ轨ֵԶֹˡ
ԼҲˡ
Ů˵ļģҲǺܿµġ


7
ϳ˵·ߵġ
ȥѾ۲ˣʣ¾轨УּԺԣȻһУȴһĴܲ
ʱں໥Цء
֣ݺر뷨Ļֻˡ
ʵĲֵ࣬ȷں棬ֻòζ
뵽Ǹϡ
ȥˣûƭǸŮȷһѧ
һ㲻ѧ֡
ֳ̣Уе衣
Ҫܷ˺üŮۣʹ˹ϵҲû¡
̶Ů鶼ûٽˣûһȤ
ҪΪԹϰΪ˻ȥҽԺһ¡
ˣĶһŮˣ

˻ʶģ˹ϵͦã϶ٰ
һνСϺܷʲôˣ
ҪǰүӺ͸ǣͻ鷳
үǰһˣؼɣ˼ؾɹŰ壬²Խ磬Բ飬ЩǸֵĹ涨
Ȼһֻ۱һֻۣҪ̫ˣүǲݵġ
ֺݺһ̣򦣬ԽԽꡣ
ܣôҪҪµһһ§һŮЦе˵Ǹոյģ֪Ѿ˺üˣҶ⡣
ԱԼԼģù¡
³һ̣ãû£
ǵθڣʵܱЩ档ЩҲ֪õϢ͸Źˡ
˵˼䳡滰뿪ˡ
صңԺϿȥķ仹ŵơ
ְϨͷͰ뵽֣ݺ͵ĹϵԼϣߵ𷿼š
ſˣһŲ԰׵̽˳
ĲɣͻȻԾ˺󼸲ҹֹ
ĤֻͶ˶𣿡
ҲܾȣôˣźúõģҪš
üԺҪ֣ݺȥҹ꣡һЩ档
֮ʱһ䣺Уú־롣
ֿɲڼ֣ݺ͵ʱӴѾȷˣ֣ݺͣҪˡ
뿴
˵ߣһѪɣֻû׷֣ݺأȨҲ̫ˡȻԵԵܷС˵趨
룬
ҪԶ֣ݺ͵뷨ޱȷǵġ
ʬĤһ¾Ϣˡ
ڶ죬ճϿΡ
֣ݺְռλãȻǸмҲҪˣˣҵһŵġ
ﶼǿտյλã֣ݺͣȻҲռλˣ
ĬĬ˵һ
֣ݺͳ°ͣЩգ˿һ˵ֲ˵ӣޱȡ
ӣԼҲһ£֣ݺά飬ҲܲˣҪ˵˵ôһ£
ȫ֪Ҫʲô˼ѵˣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ҲʣóԼרҵ
ˣ֣ݺȴ̲ˣҪ˵ģֻЩ˼ʱûˣʹмˣһŻмϿԺԡ
ϣεգΪԼԷµģǡȻһš
һҲá
֣ݺ;ԼԽǣԽǡǸ̫ˣҲ̫ÿˣδӵˡ
оﻹϲġ
֣ݺͼ˻С
֣ݺһˣЩ⣬ʼǻúõ
Ϊ֣
ô֣֣ݺʶ
ȻҲֲ֪ȱҪ֪ҲǷַӵ顣
ôˣ鲻𣿡ʣʵû֣ݺ˵ʲô
֣ݺ͵ͷ飬űʼȥ鱾ͷɥ˵˾䣺֮
Ƕôһʵ׷֮úܾþͰѸ֮֮ժˣ˶Ľ
ѧϵ֮оɼܺã͵һλôû
ϵ˶λ֮ӣѧϵУݣǣ˼̸ˡ
ˣ˶ʶ֣ݺͣժ¸֮Ů
þ֮꣬ͷȥӢѧУĳɼ֮
֣ݺʹӱĽ˵֮·֮ǰŮѳ֮Ĵ
δǹ֮
֪һ֮˵òǽһá
Ҳʣ֮ʤᣬһ˵ĳ࣬Ը࣬ͼŮ
˵ףҲֻ֣ݺһŮλɹˡ


8
֣֮ݺ͵ĳȻ֣ݺҲ֮ĳ
ѧУҲĽĴڣֻ֮˺֣ݺҲǱעĿš
⣬Ϊ֮
֮˵֣ԺҲһЩ֮ӡ󣬲ǽͣС˵еһģӡ
һ䡣
֣ݺͿμˣΪģʵǱʶţҵġ
֮ǰ׷ʱֻ˵ԣҲ˵ֻԣ֤н֣ݺЩޣǣΪԼץסģû뵽ͻȻҪȥˡ
֮ǰûи˵һϢҲû͸¶һ׼ҲûС
֮ģǺ˵֮󣬾ͻᷢ˺ܶ࣬ѽӽоǣƦ˧˧һ˸ĸоʵ̫Ůˡ
֣ݺ˵˵ţ۾һ㣬Ͼĳ
һ㶣֣ݺ˵ʲôǣеΪ
֮һ䰡ֺܿҪλˡ
֣ݺͣҲ֮
֮ҲֻŮһͶѡ
˽֣ݺƴᶼ̻ȥ
Ӧòϲ㣬ʱҲˣ˵ƽһ飬Ͽΰɣ
֣ݺ͵ͷţãҲǳ֮Ļ
ʵ˵֮ҲûʲôԼһΣҲûһȥ棬Ͽεʱ֮Աߡ
˶ѡ
ν֣ݺԼо֮
ϿΣ֣ݺһֱԼ𼸴οǻл㱵ģң˶ǳģĲɵġ
ѹûΡ
ΣҪ̫ǰרҵ
Ϊ˲ԭбȽϴĳ룬ֻҪŬһ㣬ȡҪ˷ֶߡ
еȻһŮ䣬ӿǺܴģɼһҲ
һֻпΣҵŻȥ
·ţһ𡱣
ͷһͬһͬѧһǰŵڽʲôˡ
ţãʲô𣿡
ЦݺܲãûΣǻؼˣҪһߣҪȥ㶫ָУſڵķ
ðо飬ǿʵԸ񣬡ҸոջΪˣ˼
еΣؼ֪˼ҵ֣˵Ҫעˡ
æʲôأ˵һ·ĳĬ
ǲ̫˵ģֲʶ˼Ҳǲö٣Ƕҵһм
ܾΪֲŻ˼ؼġ


9
ðɣûæʲô˵Լ⼸һֱڿ
̫ϤŮǻǵüҲԴе䡣
ͷ˵֣ݺͬѧǺѰɣһֱһ𡣡
У԰·Ǳ¿ϿεѧһЩºͽɢˡ֪ΪҲ£ѹͲʶ
ͬͬѧദ˽ӽһ꣬˶֪֣ݺǺѣΪһ֡
˵ţǵġǸˣҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
֣ݺĿǰǺѣûǣ˵˰
֣ݺŮʵĵҲõģʮŮҲദ˵֣ݺŮе񾭴Ǻע⵽Щ
ŮģĻŮ͵ģĶԸˡ
ҪŰٴζ֪δҲˣֱˡ
ǲǶݺ͡ʣµĻû˵Ϊ֣ݺ˼ȻΪʲô⣬Ƕ֣ݺ˼ѵǶ⣿
ǸӾͷˣȫܵģ
ѧУǸʲôԼ̫֪ˣĴڴǰ˵
˵ʱ֣ݺϲ˵ӿʵ˻
ֻҪñԼǷݹͺˡ
֣ݺŮ˵ܲ
ЩɿﲻЩԡ
ǰݸ߸ߣһСӣ۾ɾƷǲġ
֣ݺŮгǰҲ̫ˣǱе㺦Ժ˵
ʱĻŮ
֣ݺֲϲ֣ȻˡȻӰĴĻ
ʣ֪֣ݺͬѧ֮ڻ̸𣿻ǷˣɾȻ˿쵽Уˣﲻ֪ô˵ôһ仰˲Ц
ˣ֮ѧѾǷˡЦ˵żǻҪҴĻȻҲԡ
¶ˣȻ֣ݺ͵İĽߡ
֮ϲ֣ݺͲûеģνŮ⻷̫̫ˡ
οԭʼĳ嶯
ЦŸ̾һѡ
ɾȻʱˣ֧֧˵ŶţҾʣʣǸͬѧʵ֣ݺͬѧûǷ˼
ǿͬͬѧڣ𣬻Ǵ˽۵𰡣ССذһ£뵽ǰʱ֣ݺѧϵУ֮飬һʱˣû뵽˼ˣ
ûһ˼Ȼܶϲ֣ݺͣûͷ
ûĶĸо
Ҷ֣ݺͬѧûǷ˼Ͻһ䣬ƺԽԽڣȫȫ˼
;Σξʵ
Ķ֣ݺеϲҪҪأ
ɾȻ˵ʲôʱѾУſˣңҪߣѧУ̫Զˡ
Ǿͬѧ˼ҾûԸݺ˵ãȽг⡣ǰ˵Уе㲻ģ˵ĻҪֱ̫ˣദܻһ㡣
ɾȻȥһɹĵĸܸǲ˵ᡣ
ﰡĶ֣ݺûǷ˼һҲûУ
οȥˡ
ûңñӱһȥ
ᣬҲܿһѧӡ
˵̫ܣľһЩͼ򵥣طƫƧķӣһЩط
֮ǰн˵컨׹Ǻ˺ʧ̫ˡ
ַӣҲûסûҪΪν϶ίԼʵȫûвǮ뷨еģǸ
ðɣĲΪʱһ׳Ҳǲġȥأ
ûٿӣ֮ǰн˵һ䣺ĵķӣ˵ʵҿĿϣԺ˵ɡ
ԶԷεı飬򳵻ˡ
һ綼ûģ֮ǰİ߻ģССһԱ滹оľóд㶫
üһ°ƻԣûù
⿴ױ̨ЩױƷ֪ˣÿһǴƣνݳޣЩ档
ʵҲǺõˣҪ֪㰡
Լǰ뷨Щƫڿ˺õȻظ˼үһԴ˼ŮûƫģҲûˡ
һˣܵôߣҶѾܺˡ
ΪֵҸϲ֣ݺ֣ͣݺҲϲȻһЩҲԡ
ճɾҲǺõģȥһЩ֣ݺģһĵµɷ
žЦˣеڴ֣ݺֵĽ׶ΣǵģԿϷ
һ˼Ŀε壬ѧĩɵģǴһ֮ͬ֯࣬ȻǸ顣
Ȼͬһ༶ϵҲ࣬ʹͬһᣬвìܣֳɵģ˵ġ
ĩ֣ݺȥ棬Լ𣬿Ҫȥӣ˵Լû֣ݺһ𣬵濴ӵʱСԵ֣ݺ͡
ˣ±ˡ
֣ݺһҪԲ˵Ͳߵӣֻ˵ˡ
ܲ˵𣬷нԱߣ
֣ݺһ䣺ҲҪ
֣ݺҪһͣ˺˵һŮԼã
Ա˿ӡ
ǲò˵˺֣ܶ࣬ݺͲԵãðķΧԾ˲١
֪ǲŮ⻷ԭ򣬻ûãֻ
ԭϴο׷ӣԷͬˣֻҪһ븶סˣֻһԸȫ
ӦС٣ǿԽܵģⶼմҵĹ⡣
ڿԻˣ֣ݺȻҪӣҲֻ˵˵
ĴǮһ̲ΪĸлûҪܾ˭֪Ȼһߡ
СҰ㣡֣ݺŹ˵
Ц˵ݰݣҲ֣ݺҲͦõģиҲǿԵĻ
صҷԼп˲˻·֣Ȼ˲٣˼ԭʱûôģôģ
ֻү˵Ҫȥѵģ
ס˻Ҳֻֿܣǰүӳȥɢˣʡ
ֲʺܸߣϱȺһˮ㼯һܴĺ
ƽʱģˮϵıǳɫǺÿһӣӵһ԰滹Ӿϴ·С㡭
ӹ԰Ⱥкóһ·ܶɢɢĶƹⲻǺ˺ֻܶ࣬ҪǾŵԺȫͲÿǡ
ûúÿе⶯˶¡˶ĳ㳤䣬˶Ь׼ȥһ¡
ϻ˵ĺǸıǮɲܺˡ


10
ܳȥʱǰߵӣغ˺ܶ࣬СУԱ߻SտСԵ̯ӡ
ʱʱһЩСѾ˵ġ
ŷ磬鲻⡣
ȷΪʳһ͵ǣūǶĽĴڡ
ЩһʲôˣЩһʼնΪ׾ӵеõŬܶ
Щƾһ֮Ϳúԣȥν׼
ʵûɵ㸺ǰаˡ
֮ǵĹ֣ип벻ԼһҲΪ˱ĽˣνǮˡ
˷ûеĿĺ㣬˵ĸԣĸ㡣
ÿ˶ҪԼ׷ҲҪ룬һСǣƽա磬һȿֵĹԼСݣܰÿڹд
ʵҲ֮ǰһסеСǣһϰ°࣬пճȥͣͣ
Сܲˣ
һк
ժ¶Сǵģʺ϶
˵Ҳûͣ˹ȥ
˵ʵҲʶˣԷͦкͰģֵܸߵһ˧壬ŴʱС
⿴ӰܻΪһСء
ʮӣӱȺǱܵһС·ϣźܡ
ˮԣɫĺ浹ӳű̿յ
и񽨵񷿣еĿ˾Ƶ꣬еУеǳ⡣
һǣΧһ塣
үվһߣֹսһ߶߶˵ⲽ´ˣûضԷһ
裬岻ӣ
㶼ôˣеӷȣ
үд˵Ǵɷ򣬾Ӽ粻ֲܿᣬŮһһŶûУҲʲôӣ
Է
ΧһͨЦ׷˵˵̫ˡ
𿴵Ҳ̲סЦˣνͯͯҲˣҪˣ˵ôеһҲ顣
ⶼǵа
үү͸λүү尡ͣ߹ȥк
үһˣЦеؿҫ˵ҽһ£ŮС𣬿ɹɶˡСҴкʺá
ѶŽڴЦݹԹ˵λүүãС𡣡
С𰡣֪һŮСʱôһ㣬ڳˣŮʮ˱䡣
׵ϱĸ
ҷ׷׵٩𲻽Щ˼Ҷܺơ
һպ꣬һЩֵͷվ˲°ɣ
ǸոպүӰġ
ޣŮĿ׼ƲϺƣҪĲƲƵġ
үһҲɫû˵ĽʰϧֻһСӣһڹزҼСͷ˵³ԣĽҲûУװĽκˣ
ϲ飬Էʹ
˱ǾģʮҲˣ㲻ңҲ㡣
Ǿе飬಻䡣
æ˵үүСҲүүԵģүүĻطϡ
ͷֺǸˣһŮ
ˣͷ޸ܣ㻹ǺúТͷүүɣ
˵үһ۾ˡ
үһҲûЦеġ


11
үӵȻˣһռϷ磬ܲ
⻹СأܺúһǸ԰ͷ
ˣ
үЦģҲЦˣⲻС
ǿɰ
ү߻ȥ·ϣүһֱ²۶Էжĺûںͻ﹥ֱ֮࣬Ϊϲ𡭡
ǿЦݣүӱԹ̭š
˵һ·˵òˣһ˶װŷӦ˵㲻ǲ̫ϲܲ𣿽ôܲˣ
֮ǰȷϲܲϲи
ڲͬ궼һôûиı䣿
ֻܲΪ˶Ҳɢɢĵĳɷ֣ǶĿǰõ鶼ȥ
ѧУҲҪ⣬пնܲͲôˣ֮ǰȱŵ岻ãүүעӹӲţɲꡣ
һͨʺƨʵҲ㡣
үӵݺĶҲ£ѾΪϰˣӹǲôõġ
˼ĻȻˣر˵ģүӴ˻ϲ
СϲͳС̫һˡ
ȻСģŮСް⻰˵˿
ҺСţȻڻؼ˵˶ûС
ӶֻԼ飬һͷӣǹ¹µڼңһȺͷŶȹʱ䣬ؼҾһˡ
Ȼû˵֪ǿ϶ԼС̫ˣСԴְֶо֮Ҳܱġ
ϲС𣬶Сһ㣬ѵҲǴ
ˣܰԼ뷨£ĪǻҪõǵͬһ£
ʶ˻ʣⲻ֪Ҫ֪ʶʲǼ׵Ļ
Ȼ֪ү룬֪үӶã֪˼ĵ뷨
Ŀǰһº
үүҵĿͻȻ˺ܶǮҲ֪ǴĶģתҵ𣿡˵
ǰպ͹գүӶͼֵƵһǮԼȥ
ֺ˲̫ܸһүˡ
үӹЦ֪ˣүү֪ȥˣԲתǮ㡣
ԭ˵ҪѧУסģ㲻סˣǲҪ濴ѧУѧУǾˣһ׷ҪǮģҸҲǸպܹ
ģǮүүеġүӲ޽˵
ʱɱڵڷܶˣʹǶ轨ҲȲϣֵǻм̫ˣ㲻̫á
֪үĶԼãҲžΡ
үүҲôģԭȵľѾˡ
үӰڰ֣ȥһͷʲôãҲŲںЩ
ȥ˼ҵ뷨Ǻ˲ͬˣҲעЩЩȥҲ˷ѣСòǷǵļֵ
ˣ˵ϲкӣѧУĸүӻһתЦ˵˵ˣǲر㣿˵ͷΨһҲˣǰҲһѧɣ
ҪͷӾҪЦˡ
Уͷô⣬С˵
Ǻ˵ģҲû뵽үӻ׷ʣˣ
ǣһѧҾͨ˺ܺģֻúֲԼĻԡ
νһҪúܶ䡣
үүһСԺ˵ɡװɬ
ǰഺڵʱаҲ̸һǸʱ˼뵥ȱԵ˼˫뷨ɵġأҵûͷˣ޼ա
ѧУɬõļ仹ԺҪ˵ϲͰǾͻڡ
Ǻøк̸һ̸һνǺ㷢֣Ҳӡ
̫֪ᷴʲôԼҪģϳһ󱻽Ŵ֮ͷˡ
ŮվǺߵģүӿ𲻺˼ҲͲˡ
֪СҷӻѧУʦ֪ûסޡ
Ůӵ˼ͷԽԽѶˡ
Щүү˵ˣһ棬Ҫ֪ԼУ̸ҲԣҲԡҺ̾ǴӸпʼ̸ģһֱϡҪҶˣڵСۿɶˡүһٸп


12
үӶĹĺչˣÿһ仰ǳĵģȻһ꣬ܰٷְٸ˼ҵĹġ
ãүΨһİοһ˿ů
ָܣǰǲ̫ᵽģΪĸѾ㹻İˡã˿ֻүӣΨһο塣
νУȻҰٷְٰһϣܵԷǻеġ
ǹΪϵĽͣҪݻһ˺ѣȵõһ˵ݻٶԷǾͻǺ׵顣
ΪϣʱҲһͦļƲߡ
үүЩ֪ģģҪѧϰһкܶණҪѧϰ̸ҾȲ̸ˣұҵ˵ɡɲΪԼһԣҪ
ûϲˣϲҲڳá
˵һԣҪֲࡣ
˵үӵȻʮֿĵģȻϣиϲİС𣬵˽ʱøһЩ
Ҳ֪˭ĸСô㣬֪ǸСӣ
һ룬Щˡ
УʱҪԿһලУҪ֤ԷƷء
үţ˿¶֣Цп𣺡ҲãүүҲԣڰѧϰҲãҪ̫࣬ԺҲõġ
ȻүүĶ㹻㲻ˣŮӻҪԼһݹΪáԼ뷨С˵ˣҲϣ⡣ڲ⣬ٴһЩܻġ
ȻǺүӵ뷨һ˼ˣԹͷү˵ࡣ
ãŮʹǮҲҪйһյĻţҪӴᣬҪѹ졣
𿴹һӣŮˣʼ˵ŮûйͬӣŮչӡˣΪŮޱ߷עش磬оǣŮΪֵѹŮһֱҪǮţŮˡ
ŮûҪŮ֣ʱŮѾҲ벻ˡǿʼ˵Ǿ仰һӡ
Ȼ˵ŮӦԼûоһνҪû
ûϲ㽨仰ʮеġ
֮Ļѻô࣬ʼԵ棬ܻᱻƣҪ۵ġ
֮ܶʮͬүӵĿ
϶ҪԼĹܹΣҪԼϲĺԼȰģܼȥġ
үүģЩСԺ󶼻ע⣬ĵġʮָжǵģһԺĿ뿪үӣ񲻾һ
ϣˣԭȵܻܼүһ
Ƿ̫࣬ǶԼõˣΪʲôԼã뾡ر
Ͷ֮֮
֮ǰһֱе׼ҲΪ˴µķ
򵥣ȴʶǷֲ̫࣬ʽرһ㡣
Ƕүӣ޷ġ
ֻڣú˵˵
үӵȻ֪뷨ֻԽ¹ˣοҲˡ
СǳˣСʱӲһˣСŮΪµĴˡ
Ҳãүү֧㡣ү˵
ЦŵͷүĺܿҲԶԼһλͰ׵үү
ˣˣմĹˡ


13
ĻүӺǿģͺܺãԺҲܷˣСѾѧչԼˣѾˡ
ү˵Цź߻ȥ
·ܲԽˣ֮ǰɢˣڶ˺ܶˡ
Ϊո°࣬ܲ˶ˡ
صңϰˣ轨кӦ겻ڣֻүӺүһžϢˡ
ò˵ϢʱϣүӺͬ
ʮ˯ģүҲǣܶ˼˯үǸ⣬ᵽɵϰߣ˯
ҵһ𴲵ģ̰֮˯һЩ
ڿĻͺүɢɢɢʱһڷţź͵֮࣬Ƿɡ
ϴϴϢˡ
Ҫȥȷӣǩ֮ͬģϢ񣬲
ڶ죬¥ʱүܲͣ轨зȥ˾ˡ
ԱͻȻҲһˡ
δ֡
һװͷ壬ֱۡǷʹʮҲȻǷɣϳ˳˵
ֶŮ˵Ϊ
ѾȫߣΪ֪֮Զˡ
ʵֺĳˣǺϲԼǸ̫ӵˡȽϲͼ򵥵˽Ϻ꣬ȫ롣
Զ۲ƣ
񾭳ôһԶ
ڼʱٵһ˾鶼ڴ轨зȻҲȥ˾ǺܶʱֻΪ˴ʱ䣬һ㶼Թȥۻ֮࣬пվͰһ£ֻпպõʱ
ȨˣҵľʵȨæµǳ̬
үү硣үʺãһ߳͡
һǿġ
ãԵҲ̫ˣζ𣿡ͻȻתͷ˵һ仰ϵĹвα
˳࣬⧲
˭ֻ֪˵
òȥЩѣֺ֪«ʲôҩ
ûУһԵ
үӿֿ֣𣬸оԼǷʲô˼˸վҳԱˣ԰ɡ
뿪˺úദ
ӺС̬еĹˣǺ£š
˺ͺˣǾ͸ˡ
ּɡ
үӳȥˣΡ
Ȼֻĸ˸оϺӦûеġ
궫ںֵܲһ𣬲֪ΪΣΣյĸо
ôȥͶ̥
䲻һ䣬أŵسţֻˣҪ仰˵ˡ
ģʵģ
仰
ûӦĬĬš
ҪƽʱͺˣھȻĬˣӻˣ
ֿһۣû£ǳɵˣҲӽˮˡ
˵Ҳ֪˵ˣΪദķʽ
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мͣһᣬֲ˵֣ݺͬѧ𣿡
ͣڰգⲻѾʹ㶺
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ǰ֡
㡭˵ҵˣԺҪִ磬У֪ҵ˼
ˡ
ַһۣȫȫűӵİۡ
ӹȻˣȻôܽ˵Ļ
ӽʮĳˣһʮͷѧ˵Ļĺ
룬ͰȥȻÿ֣Ҫôһ䣬ǻᷳġ
֣ݺˣ֪ߵغ
һٱӣͷٳԶ
ðɣ͵ںˡ
ֱӣȻˣرν̬ȣ̫ˣʱԴ
üס˵Ļһ䣬Ҫͼսҵĵߣ
ƷֻҪǷǶʱһŮһ㣬ͻһЩ
Ů˵ļµġ
֣ݺȤŮˣΪܵ˺ߣ֣ݺֻһŮѧʲôҲûУ
ġ
ٴηۣ磬Уûôʱ䣡׷˼ңϲ˼ңԼϰһŮǰ˵ֻϲ߳𣿡
ûô£ǣ£һڣаҵĸ磬ҵĻǷԷθϿɲҪ顣
֣ݺҵѣ˼ҹﳤƯѧϰɼãҲǰָ˧ִУݰ˵ģˣΪ˼һῴϣ

仰ΪСæ·ˡ
ǱˣһεģɫΪԼеĻƽˡ
ģǣҲİ
벻˵ĻǲͣѾܺܺôˡ
ֻ֣ݺ͵ϣ׸ˣʱҲ޷ơ
˭ôأ
ոӣǺСʱսǸƤСû˳˺˲ϲӡ
ֵˣŻ
ȻˣСѾͷӲˣҲ١
һֱǿͬүүǵӹɷŲ⣬Ҳ֪ڼƽʲô
ص䣬ȷֲ鷳ˣİˡ
ȵֳȥˣŲųȥ
ʱ䣬֡
ȥϵϴǸŮˣй򷿾ˣŮ˺ͬһǩʲô¶öˡ
Ҳзһˡ
·ӣܷ˲Ű߲ãӻǺܸɾġֻҪ΢һ£Ϳˡ
ֵطȻҲûҡ
۷ӵ˿н񱣬ȻνڵһУ
ʱ򣬺Ҳ룬Ļġ
繺˴ƷһЩƷոµСȻֳɵģԼһйء
ܲ
ϣһ£˵ϲȥˡ
ԼԵ֣һξ
ϰһ˵ҲǿԼģòҲǴ´ˡ
ϾȻе˯ţ˷ܣо˵ͷ֮ǰе㲻ָͬо˵ֻԼˡ
ֻ֮ȥסˣһѧʼһֱסԼķˣĩؼүӣʱһ˿Ĵ䣬ϤϤһ
˹ʮˣǻûкúùҲϤ
Գĩͷżȥ氡ĪҪ˴ù


14
Щ˷ܺͲӦЩ˯ž˯磬ǽӽҹ˯ŵġ
Һõڶ죬ϿҲûʲô˺þõĴ
ӴѾˣһʱ䣬ʮˣһ˯硣
ץͷͷȥˢϴһЩ˼࣬һ棬򵥿ݣһͺˡ
˶ӾҪţϺɫС¥ȥ
ķڵʮ㣬¶Ҫݵġ
վڵݿڣһֱûǻɿţ˺þˡ
һһѼñſֵŴСȫĶ
һۣ˵ǸϾͺá
дԣܳߣЩƣ˵ĵڡ
ǸأŮֻҪǿÿС磬̲ס࿴һۣǶһᣬͶעԼעȥ۲졣
Ҳ⣬Է˵ɵö࿴˼ۡ
Է̫ˣʲôҲû
ֻһ˫¶ߵ۾ţѪ˿ģһǰҹ
ԷܿԼĶߣóԿ׿ڵһ䷿ɵذᶫ
һɨȥԭھӡ
ڿȥˣôãҲͦ׵ġ
ȥһȦȵҡ
Ҫ˵Ժȥסˣҵӣ÷⿪ģȻеԲүӣǣҪɡ
һᰮɡ
仰΢ҡͷЦˣҲ֪ʲô֮Ŀġ
׼ҳȥѧ˳·ԼСѣȥѧУ
ϣ˶ġ
үڵģ轨ֶ࣬ڡ
ֲݲݳ˵㶫ͳȥˣºܸϺżһ
Ҫүү裬á˵仰ˡ
ܵ˶߹˵轨жڣ˵ˡ
壬Ժȥס
轨кһ볯˹ȻǾ˵Ļ
˭ֵ֪С˼Сر֣ǻΪöԸϲ
ŷ֣Ů֮ϲִֹȰܶ鶼Ҳ˵
ܶʱϲүǰɿʵΪԺܺһ
ѾԼ˼ˡ
轨ж˵ĻʾʮֳԾɲǣ̫ˡ
Ȼðȥ
Ҫүǰ˵Щ˵ĻͰȥסˣӰ죿
ǼȾƣ໹һˡ
ܲϲ뿪ԼĶӣԺҲҪٻˡ
Ҫ˵ᣬҲֻүˡ֪Ҫ԰ȥסҲ֪
ΪˣҲȥˣ˻಻ϲͬһ£ʵܴ󲿷ֻΪ˼ҡ
ϻҪװĹһ£ôˣǷʲô𣿡
轨Ҳ˵С¾˵ôͻȻڼסˣ
벻Ϊ֣Ǿˣӿʼ𻹲ϰ̫簮СˣӾͼˡ
Ůĺ룬Ѳ¡
ʲô飡סѧУ㣬ŶֺøͬѧദϿҲһϳѧУԼʱͿռԼ飡
үû˵Ļᣬͷ˵û꣬Ȼ˵ʵ
ǰɣûôãִһ䡣
СȥסҲҵ˼⣬ǱˣѾǳˣԺԼƽʱҲ΢˵һ£Ҫɳʵף˼Һôش㣡
Ȼ˵үӵĻ˵Ŀˣ轨ҲǸ쵼Ѱ¼ڱ˵ֲ棬ûӡ
үǸƢƢģʹҲûмȥȥʱϲͷܰ죬ʮδ
ʹ轨кһĶһǶϱҲˡ
Ҵʱռеһߣû˵ù
УǸĴڣܻүƢˡ
Χȥ಻ˣ
ûϣһһСϽߣ轨Уû˵ڡ
ߣүӳ죬˼Ϊϲžˣʲô취ôö̹ˡ
ȥסأ
֪尢ǹңס棬ΪѧУѧϰͿ飬¾˵һ¡廰ү˵ȥȻƺ̫òү˵˰
үǸƢܶθڣֱֱҪܲܵˡ
Ȼ࿴£ʵˡ
Ǳʾһ¹һ¶˵ܶ࣬˵ԼĺӲģҲˡ
֪ԼӦÿȥ
ըˡ
轨Ȼνϰϰֵ˵ʽԼϱɲϲæ˵Ҳãȱʲôǵø˵һ£Ȼỹи£Ⱥȥ
æͷ˵õģͰæɡ
轨дſҪըˣһʣүӺ
үһ𣬱һЦ
һƣүүˣôЦóǺˡ
үҡͷأ㲻֪˾ζڵĶ⣬ⲻǿ̫ˣʱʱһϣñ˴˸Ӻг𣡡
ȻͻСҲҪǵãҪӪģѧʿɺ⵱࣬Ҫ˫Ŭ£Ȼޱߵӣһռôȥ
үӵĻ⻰еϣǺڼͥг
һãȻүֽͣΰȻ˵кǸʶ֪ʶӣǰɣ˵Ը̫Ű壬½һһۣ㿴˾ֻҪ֣ûʲôõġ
ڶˣŲԶҾԺԼˣٳʲô飬һôôߵȥ
ھྭһЩలοҲôζүү˵𣿡
үӿĵ˵ٲɵˡ
æ˵Ҷүү
ⲻǷĵǰֻѣûн飬ŵǶˡ
ֻ˵үǸܶҺһˣŰӶϱʸУϼ޻׵Ϻ갡
뵽ЩЦ
үӺܿɰ̬Ҳᣬ˿ѷɫʱµˡ
˼ĺܿɰ
үգۣͺãԺ֪ˡ
֮һЩȥסҪע飬Ѿ˵ǮҲҪǵ˵
Ѿ˺ܶǮȻûǮ
ѹɷת£ԺʲôһʲƵ롣
үϢˣҲȥϢ
ҵķֻżסһЩʱСݲһֱסģĶźˣҲаڴɨõġ
ǰһû˯ãЩƣ룬մ˯


15
ӣ׼ʱϴڣ˷ǰһСʱȥѧУ
ѧǾùϵĿγһЩѧһЩƫھ۵ĿΣʹоҲû˯Ȼ˯뷨һֱš
ͦ˷ûƣĸоˣ滹һЩ
Щʼǣдֵʱ󰡡
ҪˣȻԺдֽҵô죿
һĿξȥ֣ݺͽĲɣҲ̫˵ź˼
ûʣֻܱסԼٶˡ
Ȼ֣ݺ˲ŮǱģʲô⡣Ը˵˵Ըˡǿ
϶ûϰģصԼĹԢ
ųſڣΪͷֻײҪȥˣԷһٵܣ㿪ˣˤ
һ̧ͷһһݿ
˳Ծޣһü֮һֺŲĸоľС
֮ÿݣֻÿͻˡ
˧ѹˣֱ˧ʡ
һοˣ˼˼̫ã۾ƿˣǼۣѾ㹻ˡ
˾Ȼôÿģ۸˹ˣ롣
ʵҲǺܺÿģǴĻǴò˵ǳġ
ֵСǹһ㣬Ǹոռ
۾ڽϣúÿ·˽˵üëûɨһۣƺᡣ
ҪǶüʱҪ·Ůײˣ
£˵ӡʹϵ˵£ʲô˰Ҳǹģ˵ĻǶһŮϣһҲûС
˼ֱǸУ
ʲôӣӣ
վڵǰƽԣ뵽ˣ˾ϴ˵ǸǸеģڵھӣ
һҲѺãһλϲ·ҷĶУ
޺˼飬ſŽȥ
СѾغܸɾˣǳ룬жİڷŶǰϲڷţźʡ
ָоǰһ
ӵ˾ϲΪȷһ÷ʽһСƬطͻûһ˵Ĺ¼ŸСһ˶ʱһСèСǺġ
ⷽǸ⣬ܵĸ׵Ӱ죬̫
ȻɰСèСͣ¹ۿԲе΢񱣬ʱе֣˵ǽҲ㲻ϣΪ̶Ⱥᣬֻǲϲͷëһණڴש͵ذϡ
źܣҪȥŪɾ
ʵҲǲܣѧʱŮǳǳе飬ϰѺɨѾһѣɾ
Լͷʱע⣬ԼͷŪһСֱӶͰˡ
һ̶ϿԼٵͷֵĿԡ
˵⣬׷㹻ˡ
֮ȥϴ裬ɳϿӷĤ
ɳԭģһɳףʵԭȵǸҲܺãɾոһһҲûʵǸɳ׿ɹˣ˲顣
Ҳ֪ԭסǸôˣ̫ǮˣǮˮ
ûĻ۾ЩˣҲ飬ֱɳ˯ˡ
һƻͨ˯ɳϣҲ඼ЩӲˡ
΢΢һֲʮһ࣬˯˽ӽСʱˣһʵģǺ˯
ǣƹƹҵ
սſøˣȷûڴ˵
ףŮӵĿ
᲻Ůӱ۸ˣ
е㺦£뵽ӦҪȥһʵڲܱҾġ
ĿӴˣд
طӰóЧǺܺãٷְٺȥʳʱ˳һû뵽ھóˡ
èۿȥʲôҲЩѶῪһСŷ϶
ﾲĵģ˵ˣûһ
ܿˣûˣԸոյĿǴĶģ
迴ţͻȻеôͷƽٶȰźһɨͬʱԼϢ˺ƽٶȳſڣѸٹš
һŽţãһ
ҪˣԼҪˣ֪ĶУô֪ǸŮô
ЩǴ˸绰Լľ˾壬Ҳȷ˵İˡ
ڴ˸Сڰͦȫģոտʱ;úܺã˷ʩǻܺãȫҲܵõ֤
ȻʹٺãҲѡġ
Ǹҵӳһ£ͨͨãصЩ˯ˡ
ǵӻ˯ʱһجΣѾǴˣѴ
ʱ˲١
ճϴ͡
ǰһݷĺ춹һ˵춹࣬ٷŽȥһǣ΢΢ȴֲ壬һСţ̣Եøġ
ѧУҲʮӵ·̣߿ĻһӾܵˣҪ̵ƣ벻һҪϰСʱ
סҾô鷳ѧ˼ʹϵ˵Ҳһھ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ
ʱ䲻粻ɢɢֻһˣ֣ݺ͵ǻû
ѡһλ£ͻȻ˵ʲô֣֮ݺͣ͡
˵֮ˣ˵֣ݺһ𣿡
ҾѣôˣȻǲģ̫һ˰ɡ
꣬˵С㣬㲻±֪
õĺõģ֪ˡ
ЩԼģʲô֮ˣҲ̫ˣǣ̫̫Ծˣ
֮ҪȺþòŻ
ͻȻѵΪŲ֣ݺˣ
ЦʾԼΪԹȺڵĿġ
Կν䳤ʲôӣҲӦһ£˭ûµģ
ãлˣ֣ݺͿѡ˭ʤ˭˵أ
뿴ֳԱӡǸʢ˵Ĺģŷˡ
ŶΪԼȫ
壬ˣ
ó鱾
Ͽǰ֣ݺˣƺĲãҪûŮ˵϶ǲ֪ģˣԴҲܲµ֣ݺΪ鲻ˡ
ǰѣһǰѣⲻǻᵼƽ鲻
֣ݺӦúѹȥǰʱһֱ˵ǲ֮ʱλεˡ
˵֣ݺ׷֮ģϲǴ֮ȥġǳ
о仰˵Ů˶Լĵһˡ
֣֮ݺ͵ĳѧУõĳ
ȥԷʱ֣ݺûһȥ˵ûθڡ
绹ҪؼҵģѧУˣмСʱϢʱ䣬Ҫȥġ


16
Σ֣ݺڸ˵ˡ
У԰ߵСϣɢѧҶˣȥԷǳȥ棬Ȼвϰ￴顣
Ҫȥгģ֣ݺ˵鲻ã˵˵¡
ʵҲ³ˣ֣ݺͷյ鲻֮
֣ݺ֮һأ
Ŷţô׵ģ
ֻϣܸ֮¾ͺˣ֮Ҫλõ֣ݺ͵ʲôģǲõġ
¶עһȻϣ֮ӮǶĽǻѹϡ
úӮ棬ʱġ
С˵𣿡֣ݺͻȻڣź棬滹гŴҶİ̡
̰Ҷ𣬷Сϣ˱øӸɾˡ
ջߣ֣ݺʹʱѾһûлһ
ΪʧŮ
֪ˣ˵˵֮ˣ˵ȷĻˣ˵ѧ𣿡
У֮ռѧУѧȥֻǲǰװ˷ˣôⷽ룬֮ǲ˵ļࡣ
ŶͺñɳĮһˮˣֲȥˡ
ǾҪ˰Ҫ߸
ѵνϵУݵԸҪĶҪõ
ǲˣΪ֣ݺͻϲ֮һֱ˾ô
˵˧һ㣬طһǴأ
֣ݺĻҡͷǵģûռǸǶԷѧУģֻԣʵƾԼʵȥġ
˵ҲЦϲ֮ҲΪвŻѵõǣûŮô䡣
֮Ϸ˺һĸо
֮Ȼģ񲻶ʣʵ֪չˡ뵽ģģ˼ĳ̶ȣЩѧУܱġ
ԭ
ֵˣ˵֮ûռȻô㣡
ֲ֣ݺϲе㶯ģ֪һԭ
̫϶ȱŮϲ
֣֮ܿݺͣӦ֣ݺҲĵطҪ˲˵һǺ
жԷ͵ĵ
С˵᲻ңҪңҪô죿֣ݺֻϲֳơ
Χʯſˣֵֻģġ
˾ɢĵģԱߵ˸ҲֻҪ˵ܴ˾Ͳ
ҿܣеϲ֣ݺ͵ͷҲ첻Լ˼ˡ
Ϊ˳Ҹ˷˹ϵͻ֮ǰѣںǵģ޷ǡʱԽ Խǰɡ
һܹϵУҪȥǵģ޷ǣ޷ͻԼˣ˲ǸʱңԶѾģˣֲҪȥǵģܺܿˡ
ǡ
֣ݺھҪǣǲˣͦѵġ
޷ͻԼһء
̸ģ˵ܷḻǵǸͣоġ֣ݺͲͬҪǶе뷨һǸԷദ˵һָо
ദڣԼҲоʣ׷ʱֺңԼ뷨һ仯ʱûָоʱƣ˺͸ıˡ
ڶһĸо֣ݺ֣ͣݺͲ̫ܼϲֶ֮ˣ϶ıһġ
Ͼ⻷ҲеģעҪŮһν趨
޷趨Ȼգǿ˱׷ľһܵḶ́ĵģͺܷ˼ҵİ
ļѺѾˣһ㣬ǲԼǿԼ
һΪãҪ̫ӡ
ھ̬ѾӿʼĽǱΪˡܻȥҪȥģУҲҪʹһ
֣ݺ룬˵֮ǰǺദĵεΣҲвѵĿԡϸ룬ֽ۾Ͳˡ  һֱ֪ǸļΪᶨ֮ˣǿȲκ£׷ʱ˳׼ΪܾңȻ˵һԡ
ҸоദѰϵѣ˵ϲҲֻҶĽϲûУȻɷչҡ
֣ݺ˵ЩɥҲô֪ء
ԽҲܾˣȻû֮ǰļ䣬Ǿ˵ݻŰɡ
Ҳһֱǹ¶ûгֵĻһֱ¶Ĺš
֪˰˵ôʵһĴС㣬ڹŰɡ
ʵǲ֪Ҫ
һ㣬˵ȥġ
ֻ룬ңӦҲȥˡҲ޹˰ɡ֣ݺ˵ĺġ
ιϵУȷǸˡ
֣ݺۻģŮð롣
ݺͣ㣬û׷㣿ô֣
Ҫˣ֣ݺҲͲþˡҪһģǻ㿪ʼ
ԼûΪ齹Ǻְõĸоã־Ҳͦѵġ
ΪʱҪƵԼİ
̸أ
еģҺֺ֮йʾ˼ʱҲܽܣûˣӦöһϲʱɡ
һɧҡҾ̫˵ЩġǸˣҲˣҲͦǮģǴӴϿԿеʡ
֣ݺüͷȻûкӡ󣺡ʼʣҪҪҴҾʲô˵Ǵϻ飡
֪ҵƢģҪ˶࣬ҹЬʹȥɨȥˣ˵ž̫˲ˣҪС㣬ǾȥҰαѧУָɾطѰңһͲʲôˣؼҺѧ·϶Ҫע⣬һЩĶˣֱֲҪ顣
֣ݺ͵ȷĴķˡ
Ҳ֪Էô֪ϢźֿԷ˵Ȥ
ѺͣУſڣһõ廨ڳһɵӡװ飬װƭСƭŮѧ
Ȼʶ࣬۽粻ǺܸߣҲǼʳ˾ϲġʹһǮģǸͣǱһ㣬ƿְˡ
õ廨õģŰ飬ڿõ廨뵽Ǹˣöװ
һͲµһЩˣˡ
벻Ҳôһ죬ȻôͿˡ
ʹ찡֣ݺͶֵӣˬأ
Цݣһûһо𣿡
ֻǵö𣿡ʹĲˣг죬оҪ׷һɬСҲǺѰ
ţ»ο˼ҶûзǷ֮룬˼ͼأ


17
˵׷֮·ܿ
ԤԼԱ߳Թӱ߿ϷˣʵģֵܿĴϡ
֣ݺ͵ͷҡҡͷô˵ҲԲ˵ҶԴûиоǴͺܲƥ˰ǸҶĵĵطȻ˵ҵȤ
ֲʶҲûദѵҪΪǮȥĴ𣿡ǻȥˣҲҾǽ黹ҪҵһԼϲˣȻһôôȥ
֣ݺⷬǺид˼ǣһϲ˹һ𣿡
֣ݺ¶һЦȻҲȫаҵ˰Ըһֱһ
վУ԰ſȥߣСһҪҺȥȥưɣһҪһˬģ
˵ҲԣǲǺϴһá
λưɣȥϴǸҶӡ󲻺á
ܾģǱ֣ݺˡ
е군ļӸУΪ֣ݺ͸ովΣʹ֣ݺȥưˡһ֪϶Ĵ֣ݺȥľưɡ
ԼԼˮǺܺòȰ
뷨Ѿ֣ݺ˾ưɡ
ҾưѧУԻǸɣ˲Ǻܶ࣬ҲûкܻңСµģ̨ϻڳ衣
ܺԵġкβɡһתɺ
Ϊⶳ
Ϊһֻ˻ķɶ
ûʲôǲֵ
Ϊ㳪׸
ûʲô

ϣ
Ϊշת
Ϊкβ
ĩһ

ңʹ磬ԭһĶҲûб仯
˷ǣ羰ɣİ˻һ顣
ȻİϤҲҪһ׶ΣҪϤ
֣ݺǺ죬ֱӵ˺üơ
ʿɣӱˮء
֣ݺ͵ЩĿɿڴһʲôʱ֪ôƵˡ
һͨҵӣһġ
ԱСҲҪͬʱô֣࣬ݺ;ܾѾ¶ˡ
һˡ
ȫǱߵģϻ˫һ֪ѧ˼Ҳѵģµľֲ֪ߵغѧ
֣ݺʹչ˵֮ǰ˹εģɣ
ҫˡ
ɵﰡ
̾ˣһס֣ݺ֤ͣʲôõ飬سˡ˵ϴε˷Ҳ޷ˡ
ѡǽӣһ˸־ơ
ʵҲѵõĵطڷΧϣӪһСķΧ
̨ϵСڳǳѸġõ塷ͳ˸УžĹ¡
֣ݺһߺغȾƣһ߸˵ʱ׷֮м֮ü׷߲ųɹλ˵Լ£֮˧ˣһС
СҾǿһμʱ򣬡˵Ƶһھƣ˵Ҳ̫ˣôͼɫˣ
ڶԼǺɸְ
һСڹƣζʴζ
ʵνһ飬Ǽɫ⡣ûġֻôһ仰ο
ԼҲ˶ǿġ
Щ̸ˣˣҪǻ࿴˴˲ԺҪôһأ
ȻҪģԼԼǸˣĵѡ񣬲˰ˡ
ԣ֣ݺһӣҺҵλڽһ㣬ʹֳҲ̫˵Ŀ⡣
˵ĶԣǼɫ⣬ǵģ
飬飡
֣ݺѾˣȻʦһ㣬Ҫôߵģ֣ݺ֪
ȵ̫ˣҾҲǺܺã͹˺üȥˣҲ˵ź˴ڲѵ״̬Ժġ
ֻһСڣһҲûС
֣ݺſϣƺ˯ˣȸˣȥˡ
ȥˣǺ֣֮ܶ࣬ݺͳȥ
ſھһϤˡ
֡
ԩ·խôˣһֱǰɣʲôʱôֲˡ
䣬ʱӻѵġ
磬Ҳ𣿡Ųеԭ򣬶ֳһȻЦԶԡ
Ŀ֣ͣݺתؿ𣺡˵𣿲ٴֵطһŮӣˣǰεĻ߷ˣ
ˡ
֣ݺǸŮҲ֪ˣҳ壬ٸദ˼֮ԼƺеϲŮˡ
ָоǰδŮְĸо˵һ㡣
Ķ֣ݺ棬뷨ϣŵտһеϲˡ
֣ݺֲŮӣóλǮô˯ǰţ֣ݺͰݹȥõ廨ڵϣȻ˫źݺݵزȥ
ӣ̫ɰˣҹλεˡ
κӵʱͻȻðһ˼뷨֣ݺ̸ȥ׷
뷨ˮһһʰ¹ææ֣ݺ͡
һ׷
˭֪Ȼִ֣ݺȾˡ
ֵĻϵЦôҲάֲסˣؼҪ֧֣ݺӵȻҲһˣаѾˡ
۾鲻ͻ·ҷ
֪
֣ݺ˵ҴģģȾƣģ
֪ΪΪʧˣǰѻˣǽƽģ
һ˵꣬ͷ׵ı飬ϣһúأ
˼ǰѣ˧۵ˮǴȣȻգһ弶ˣʹǻƽȵùǱ޵𣿡ǹһ飬һֱ֡
ûñ˵СҲҪһζð
ǰɣ֣ݺʰ
Ǿʷ׳ʣôãûô̵ʱϿôı顣
оȣ⣬гĬз˼вм
ΪԼİоУǳıӵɼΰ
ַ֣ݺͣǿǸҪ񲷢ı飬ֵ˰·˻ȥ
ȻĹԢúչ
ʧˣ
ã룬Կλ
ΪʲôҾͲҿһ䷿ͺˣƾʲô˳νǵôߡ
Ȼˣʤư䰡
ΣϾԲˣаͷ
־һᣬüһ£ͻȻӿڴóһ֧Ʊ
ȥ
㹻ˣҪٵôߡ˵
գһˣǹˡ
ðɣҾΪѰһΣ²Ϊ
֣ݺˣ»ҳβ֡
ԱߵˣܲòǺԼǸԴҲǣУĹ̫࣬е㲻ˡ
ܲõϲϲأ


18
ֺˣֱ߻мϷˡ
˼˵۵ˮǱޣǸӡΪߣʱл񽱸Ҫ𣿡һϷʵ
˵һ˶ͲҲһѧʶһ۾ܿϴĶƣ׵ĸӵܰ
Ավһͬ˶ȻǸոڻȥ֮ǰ̲һ̲Ⱥȡ
Ǹӣ벻ԱɳŮ
һŮ˵ĶԻˡ
֮ϵ£Ȼ󣬼ֱ亱а
Ҳʶ֮°֮ͣţΪȻˣʵʵ顣
ȥģԷһţƤ̫Ҳβˡ
˵֣ݺûԲۣҲ̫˰ɣУ
֮ĿƽûвеĿպӶͰνұͲϲŮ̫̫ȤˡʱӦҲΪ˵Щһǰ֣ݺ˵õģҲ˵ԾͿԡ
Ը֮˵
Сӹ鰡϶ѱ㣬ȻԱ˳ŵģû뵽ǸεŴˣ˼ҿ⸱ƤҲһܴʧ󰡣
㿴ΪڻƽִүĲʹ𣿡
֮ȻһЦݣ߷Ȼ飺Ǹûġ
Ҫȥ£οο˼ң˫˫ͬΪһԼʽΣ
Ҿܺãǳʺ˵Լش𣬻ʱܿ˶Է߹Ľš
ȥģӲŲҪס֮ļʮְԣ˵˰ˣ˭͵Ϯִүʲôп˰ɣ
ֲñˣƭԵģȥƭƭСﶼû⣬˶ҲԳ㡣
֮ĵѵ㣬أҺȷԼȡҿҪʶһԼ
ǲһŮˣҲʶͻȻܳ÷һ磬ӻˡ
뵽ǸŮ˾пտݺһ٣ʶʶòдġ
Ȼֵд
ڣҲǸЦӽһ׾ŵĺӱŮ۸ˣְֺ֮ͬѽ



֣ݺ³ݡ䣬ʰһ¿ͷ˯ȥ
ľζһ䶼ˡ
һȴͨ磬֣ݺƵԼ
λֶ֣ʹˣó֧Ʊһˣò֣ݺסһϻʮ
Ҳ湻󷽵ˣ£ʮֿ
벻־ȻһˣԺľԴǴ֣ݺ׬İɣ

ﾹȻð뷨Ů׬Ǯǵһ뷨ɳŮ䡣
ΪΪ׬ǮҲҪͺˮѽ
ŷ¸ĵ·ϸոһ٣ɹԱˣ׬һʣʱ
ԭʹ֣ݺͻİ֣ݺͺƣܻѧУһȥסҲܷġ
Ҫ֣ݺͻסģǿְˡ
˸ǷԼȥϴˡ
Ͼŵӣʵ磬Ȼеۣǹ˯ߣûкܴ⣬óһ
ġ
Ȿܺÿƽܰճ˵渵
ƽ
βڶϵˮɢŲɫֵȷ
ھĸо
ϲܰõĸо
˻飬ȵʮʮˣһС룬Ȿ鱾Ͳ񣬺ʺᡣ
ڴߣ߸Ǳӹص˯ˡ
ߵ׼ʱصӣǷоָֻ˻
ȥ֣ݺͣû𴲣һԼӣǱǸ֣ݺһѾˡ
֣ݺ͵һʹģҪ˵ô֪ЩΪеĸоζˡ
ʵ֮ǰȻô꣬ϵչˣҲ̫չ˵ľ飬ԲŻԵЩ
ҺñеĶѾģ´ףټһЩɰǣζ׿ˮһ롣
ʱֻּ֪ѾҽˣһֲеҲǾˡ
ȥ֣ݺȥϴˢٺµõѾ
֣ݺԺذĲ֮ɳϣһΰѵӣԺġ
ľƾĺ֢ͷۣ˻û
˵ʹʧҲҪȥֻ˺Լ塣
ΪԼ׺·ȥɢɢģʰ¶ཻһЩѡ
֮кֻܶ࣬һ
ǳڰеŮѾƲԼˣﻹԼ飿
о仰˵ŮҪԼģ㸸ĸϸĺǻ˶ʮģҪ׸Ū顣
ڿ֣ݺˣи
ʳŮ
ո֣ݺϴʱ䣬Ѿðˣ嵭һθ
֣ݺָһ㾫еΣСлл㣬첻ʡ£ʲô֪ˡ
Ҫֲ֪Ķȥˡ
ʱ̫ˣ̫ˣġ
Ȼ֮ϲҲûϲҲҪǸûûƤˡ
ǡ
ɵĲȥµĲкõں
ʵ֮ǰҹ֮һΣûи㡣֣ݺ;ɥͷ̫ˡ
⵹û뵽֣ݺô֪֮Ϣģôҵ֮סģ
̫ˣ֣ݺ;ȻҵֱǸˡ
𲻵òˡ
ѵ֮ǰ֪֮𣿡ʣ׼ˣֻһˣ
ֻ֣֮ݺһˣ˵ﻹ֣ݺ͵ġ
Զ׼
֣ݺͿЦǣҺȥӣԼȥѧУſҿһӰ֮
ԽԽ񣬵ʱʵڹ⣬ʵ̫ˣҲľ͸ȥסĵطҽ֣֣
ˣҲҴк¿ʼܾˡһȡһͨ˵δϲңʵҲ֪
ŻôãҪȥưĵز
֣ݺ֮Ŀʼ֣ݺͶ֮ϲֻ֮ʱҪһŮѵݣҲ˵˵ģ
ΪԼܸıһͼ̣ΪΪָᣬʵ֤Уû֮Ϊͣ
̫߹Լ͹֮ˡ
ʵҲǣ֮һ֮ӣߵѡ񲻶ϣ֣ݺ̫ͨˣͨԺӵĵز
Լġ
֪ô˵ˣ̫΢Ǳһĺѡ
̫֮ˣ벻νĶ侹Ȼǲϲ֣ݺ͵ģ
֣ݺô⿪ʣҲӽ߰˷ˣֵҲС˵ǺܷĻˣɾ벻֮Ȼ˵ϲ
ĿǰǸѪС
пг밡˵֮ѷѡֳѾӣ֮ʹ಻ѣת׷ŮŮʱѾ˳˧Ҳ֣˿Ҹһ
֮ãֻŮĬĬţһҲûȢӣΪ
趨һЩҵ
дȫˣһ෴ĵȥˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ벻ͨ
Ҿ֣ݺ˵
֣ʱһ䣺ǳҵǸ㰮˹һңܿġ
ϾҲȲôãϺ꣬鳡κһŮݵġ
ȻųʮŮ䣬䣡


19
֣ݺοԼĺܸˣܿһѡ
ȻʱԼһ˹ţָоĺѰ
Слл㡣֣ݺ˵
ҾһеġԼҲŰ
ͷ˵еġ˲֣ݺͿŮڵء
֣ݺ͸̸ĺò٣ʰһԼЩҰ׵ɫøһ㡣
֮ѧϿΡ
·϶˵֮ˣȻϢ֪ˣѾˡ˵֮Ȼͻ˵֣ݺǰŮѡ
˵֮ûнŮѡ
ţЩΣû˿ʼϷ顣Ϊ˹֣ݺ;ߣܸͬܰɡ
ѧʱֻͻȻ
ιǡ
Ǻ֣ݺһ𣿡ֵ
ǰʲô飿ˣְˣ겻ɢڶˡ
ֳܾԼߣ֣ݺ͵飬֣ݺ͵顭
ûûˡ
ôҲһУԼ׷һʮŮ䣬ʵǳܲסΪǮΪ˲ΪһãΪܸȥ
ˡ
Уſڣ£ܡ˵֤ʽ׷֣ݺͣȻǿͷ˵˵ѣҪʵġ
۲Уж֤ô
ҪƤһ£ֱ˵ϴһ֧Ʊ
ƮƮǣһȻ˵ԵĻ
źãõİɡϲ̹˵绰Ա֣ݺͻһˮոǲ̫ģӦǽӵ˲뿴˵ĵ绰ôͻȻһӾͿãôˣ
֣ݺͷıˣָоĺǰĲһô˵أǰ鶼ĵףκ˶һĸо䲻װģ;еģ⡣
ڣºͣͣ˶һˣ崺õġ
ĺͲĶдϣ˵֮Ҳָͣоװġ
֣ݺҲúһǺãԼԼţʲôʱ򶼲ᴦڱ΢ĵλ
ʱҪѧϰġ
Сʲô𣿡
סЦݣ֣ݺߣոսӵһ˵ϢҾ͸ˆˣ첻ǻ߶ѧУԱһҿܺóȲҪȥȥһٺóԵġ
Ŀĵģʧܣͺ֣ݺȥԷ
ҲûؼˣŽˣҪһ㶫
֣ݺͱȥͼݿģôһ˵ҲеĶΪҪؼȥء
Ҫе鲻ãȥ߳ԳҲð
ðʵȥΣǺܺóԣ㳢һ¾֪ˡ֣ݺЦ˵֮ǰΪϲԴֱߵĶ淢ֻûȥˡ
֣ݺÿζȻͷ֣ÿζԵö࣬ӡֱӵŮʲô裬ѹͲڣԻʵ
˵ã볢һˣţǰŮһ·ư
֣ݺ͵ֻƲ֣ݺհĸоõİɣΪԼ޳ҽڡ˵ˣ֣ݺͺĲϲ֣æͺˡ
Ͼڵ벻İ
źףף;ϵġ
֣ݺһֱߴߴ˵ЩóԵģΪƽʱѧУһ㶼ǻؼҵģǰѸõĶ˸飬֪ʲôóԣĶʵݣֱ䡣
һһֻУſڣëͷСˣҲǸͽӽʮĴˣڴ֮ͥʲôõɣ
һֺ۾һõ廨һ󣬴ʿװģʱ򣬳˸ɫʻеĻմˮ飬޽ۡ
ϥأᶨᣬŮ۾⣬˵ϲþˣŶǷ·ˮһ˵ĿŶÿζĿѣԣв԰ΡװģŮѿҵĿ룬ҵˣҵģһ˵ġ
һЦˣˣ뵽Ǹڶ̲סЦˣ̫Цˡ
ĶĻһ޵ģɼΰ
֣ݺͿͻȻЦ˳ܺ浽ʲôЦЦĳ̶ȣһǺܺЦˡ
СЦʲô˵˵̫ˡ
֣ݺЦͺܶ࣬ںܰЦŮӡ
ԼԺĸ֣ݺ˵ˣɰֻĳİƽ⡣
֣ݺһҡͷ˰һһѧĺ޸ܡ˵ΪʲôЩϲģ˲֪һЩ׷߶ܵѧУˣҿžͺۣ˸öôķ
Ǻϲ磬׷Ҳûж٣Īͺġ
ѧУҹεĴ壬˵ʲôȤöˣѵЩ˾ѧ
ᣬҲƶϵ·ҲǺܹص֣ǣᰡĳ̶ֳ˵ʱͨԼܶ
ڳȡ׵
СôͻȻ뵽֪뵽ҹҼεǸ壬ģһ˲ţǸᾫӢ˰ɡʵȫǣЩѧУ룬֣ݺʹյĶߣ˵ˣŮѧ\
\ǵĿ˵ǲǺܶġ˵Żһ£ƤˣȻ֪ȲѵģҲĸԸģҲ밡һûɽˮͶ·ĵز
֣ݺ͵Ļид
ǰѧУҲģôʲô鶼еġ
ĩϵʱ㳵ŮſͣһЩصŮС߸˳
¼̫ˡ
ǲԼĸо۱ˣ֮ǰϿһӣ
ŮǸͽǷһƨծծѧЩծһӶġ಻Ϊ˻ծνС˺ܺãеľҪһֱ׷вծڿڽﰲϿΣñѹȵͷ̧
˵ЩһеĶעԵҲõֻɵ̬šű˵ծ뿪Ըһֱû֪
ﲻζǰûǳԣҲûŮӡ
ҲԸ˵ĸб˵Ϊûʸ
һ׸ˣǣĻǰǸ䡣
ʵ˭˼вѵĿأ˵ǲȥ۱˵ݺ͡
֣ݺ͵ͷǰҲֻ֪Ǿðѵ˻ңǻܲ˵ġ
ңиңĺ÷ܿգҪǸ֪ôأ


20
룺Ǹ㲻ҪرܣԺܺõģ޷Ů
Щ£ŮУſڵ·ϹˣΪ˼ν尡
ںˣǲ̫á
֣ݺһ·˵ŻҲûע⵽УſҲˣѾͣߣ͵֣ݺˡ
ʱѾУſڵˣȻЩˣ֪ΪʲôʱûйָоһСŮ͸ܵνȶͽš
ͷһëͷСӵһμ˵ĸо֮ǰδй
ѯһЩҵרҵʿĵ绰βһõ廨ˣһΪ޺ÿõ廨ԱԼ⡣
ǰŮ׷û׷Ůľ
⻹ͷһΣŻһŮ
ŵȻ֣ݺͳôãȰѻݹȥأȱأ
е㲻ȷҪһˣͻ˵
Ѿ֣ݺͳУţ֣ݺһֱں˵ûпſڹսǴһһ֧õ廨ڵ
һҪ׷˰
һУžע⵽ˣ˵Ҳۣһ۾ܿ
͵͵ֵķֿ֣ݺ֣ͣݺͲûзһߣڻ˵ŸʲôóԵģȫ֪ʵĿĵġ
С𣬵Ȼ궫ȥһ°ɣ֣ݺһЩƷպûˣȻȥ
е񣬲֣ݺ͵Ļֻ˵ͷõģȻҸȥҲûʲô顣
Ѿˣ֣ݺҲڵķȥ
ͻȻͣס֣ݺͲװ˵ȥһ²Ҫһ£
Ҫһʱ͡ż֣ݺ֮ͣͻᷢһϵõ顣
֣ݺ͵Ȼ뵽ôһǵԶġ
ð㡣˵
װȥϲˡ
һֱ֣ݺߣֱˣųŻߵ֣ݺߣһŻŸС
ɤ˵ã͸Ļ֮ǰðĵطҸеǸ׷ȥ㣬ϣܸһᡣ
άŵݻĶ֣ݺ¡
УſѧӦעĿģ֪֣ݺͲϲĿѳͣڹսǴԼŻ֣ݺ͡
κа֣ݺͻ£ô˵ֻһŮѧôĳ⣬һҲжɣ
εȷʵģҪԷһᡣ
ϾͣĸоҲףڶԱŮǲȤģĿǰֻ֣ݺȤ뷨ܲԸϣԼҲƭԼ
֣ݺ𣬱ͻȻһŶԷŻһ飬ֱҪˣ⣬ôϴλ壿
һ֪֮Ҳû
ǰζ˵˲ҪһҲҪʹܰѽɽɽ͸ҲҪ
Ҫ˵飬ǿŹ
֣ݺͿ޵鶼ˣֻһͨͨĴѧֲŴھ͸ϵˣ̫ˣڵĶӦ
壬УҶû뷨֯ԣʵأܶŮƯ㣬ҵһҪ˲ѡûȤû뷨һҲûУǸһˡ
֣ݺ˵λûע⵽ɫѾ˼ɫ
֮ǰ˵ʱΪֻǳԲ˵ᣬǣ֣ݺСҲ˵ˡ
ֻǿʮûʮҶƣɵŮ˲ֻͰɣ
ܵ
Լĳһŵģһ±֣ݺʹЩҪԼˣѧʱҲνУݣڻάģҲûжƣ˶˵ûб䡣
Ůѧ۾ûҩ
־֣ݺͣûˣһ׷һŮ
̬棬˼ȴһ£ըˡ
壬ͣǺܳģ͸ЩСöˡ
ֲ֣ݺֻͣȥɫǿһ֤ʵ
ֻ룬֣ݺͷɣϴκ̤ЩƯõ廨һ
뵽ее㺦£Ůˣ
һ£֣ݺǰе֦õ廨Ҫ£ȻңͲߣ
ҪˣôҲ
̾Ϳԣ
֣ݺ;ƽһҪˢˣô޳ܵز
Ը⣬ǿ£
˵вˮ˰ɣ
ӲҪ֣ݺͻ֣ݺ;ǲգ˽ֲ£Ա߽Щֵˡ
ˣֶˣ֣ݺͶ˵£Ȼٶ
ʧˣ
õúأã
֣ݺҲ볡ִǲİеĻ˹Ҫ³ж³һҲģװ׶дϡ
ֳﻹѾóˣ֦ͺãɵСĿꡣ
ģѭ򽥽ɣŮĺܣҲ֪ôģദһ£Կô
֣ݺָõ廨ϽˣƣΨֱ֮Ĳϲְ
ǰϵĲˣĿǰһ˺ʹһȫûҪһ壬ΪʲôҪίȫأ
һҲûҪ
֣ݺȥԶ֣ݺ·ϾͰѻˣմŲһ
ҡͷЦ׷֮·Ȼһ·˳İ
ֵĶȻҪ֣ݺͳˣ㲻Ҳ׼룬ԶԺһЩ
궫֣ݺȥЩƷŻؼҡ
ݵʱ뵽飬ѷ˳ʱ׼š
Ȼҵ˵ʵᣬڼԸ˾ȻڵھӣԷȸ浽ҵ˵׺
ԼҲǺǸ˿ְʵڲǸദˣҲܵûз
룬ǶԷŹˡ
ݣԼſڣһźɫñ˱أϾ
һɵ˶ſڣ΢΢̧ͷ¶ѱ۾ԴȻЦݡ
ţžͲǺˣ
Ծ˺һԷͷ̧һЩߺˡ
ô˾ܣվֱӣ࣬¸һͷ
ŶˣȥͶˣҵҲӦø˰ɡȻƽǴЦݣУŵڣ
Ǻö
Ȼע˹ժñӣͷ΢ңЩ˿̣һ˿
ͷԼ֣ˣΨһҲˣôһ°
Ҳ˶Է˼ϴæģû뵽ûɣ˶Է
ˣ


21
û뵽Լ˻£ԭ˵ģȻûЧСиˣ̫ùˣҲǹİ
ʱҪˣͻȻðһļΪǲˣô֪Ǹƽϵˣ
֪ǸӣҲҳһ鷳ںܻź鷳֪Ҫôǰ鷳ˡ
ǸϴΪǣϴθˣԲıǸ˵û˰ɣȻҲҽƷã㿴𣿡
Ҳ㴦ã˵ſǰۣܾǲš
ø첲ñӣȥֿ𣬻ЦˣүȱһǮ𣿡
ôռһҴ˵
̫ùˣǲ¹ܶˣ
үȻȱǮǣҪ񲹳ʧѲһʲСķáһ𣬡ҿסˣȱһǮɣ
ʮͿˣүͲƽˡһĹ
ǻúң۾һֱԴ磬Ȼûʲôʵ˺һϣ
ĴͲˣ
Ůˣ׷ŹΣ
ǲ֪Է룬Ҫ֪ǵѪȻ󵹵زѡԭ
֪Լһڣֻܿ㴦⡣
֣ݺ͹ֻһǺˮϴúϢһ¡
ҪԷʧʮҲѪˡ
ҪٰԼŵ˵
ħħȻΪʲôʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ո˶ʮ򣬶ǴõˣðΣյõģоʧѵİٷ֮ʮԭˡ
пӰɣжɣ
жһѧ
Цһ£ֲмִűӵЦݣһǱתٶȺܿ죬۾ǿǶûȥ
ⲻ⳥ĻҾȥ㡣ԴֿŶˣ֪˾ҲҪܶǮʱ򣬼˾ͲʮһСǮôˣ
ңԤȴʮ˵뷨ǲǺ
һˣӣ
вɣֲǹġ˵ǸʱҳΪڿޣҺæһµģҵıҲŵңҲӦ⳥Ҿʧѣô˵ˣȥϲ˶Էһء
棬ֻСˣȻҲǸ߸ŮͶԷȣ˵ǲ˺öࡣ
ϸ첲ϸȣ϶Ƕġ
˰żſҲܽԷͶſڣãƲأʲô취ҲǺΰ
ӺܺãڣǰȫҲҪע⣬ڣѾ첻ˡ
֣Ϊϲ֣ݺ֣ͣݺ͵ĺѣϵãֻҪ־Ͳ
⣬ʶԷֻ֪Էһȡ֡ƽϡСУ
ģ˲˷ĺܵ˾Ϻϵ˫˺˵Ǻģ
ϵѹȣֻܱҸضȥЪһᣬҪ̫߰ɣ
Ĳүܣ飬˺޿ɺǵġԣ⳥һҪģȻүû꣡˵ûŹŮˣУʱ䣬ûǮǾ͵Ź˾ϰɡ
˵У´ذñ˫ֲ嶵˧ͷ¶һЦŶУҪΪ̫СԺϣûү첻ɵ飡
ҡĶˣ
ħˣħ
ˣǸˣ˵⳥һЩҽҩѣû˺Ļ⳥
κ˼ҲҪ˼ҶҪνľʧѣʮ
ûУ
ⶼҪһӵ׸ˣ

Žȥһƨɳϣؿڵŭɢˡ
Ȼ˵ǮҲеģȥ׬ֵǮˣôԼǮȥ
ǣˣ
вУ˾ҪǮࡣ
ǺޣΪԼ鹻ˣ벻ô飬ˣ۽硣
Уȥ֣
ʮǲġ
һ˵ʵʵڵҪϰëǿǣ൱ļѰ
ͨȥϴϢ˯ǰݽŷĤŸЦСƵ˸ոջ顣
ܿҪȥȻ뾡ԣ黹ǻġ
ǸСзŻʱѾˣǵ죬൱ķ꣬ʹʱ֣ݺһ
֣ݺͱ־ҲҪˡ
뿴Ҫһ˼ңͻģʹ˵ĻٲԷǻ
ҲҪˡ
С˵Ǹ嵽׿ʲôˣֵ׷󣬺ÿŮܶ࣬ĺõҲ࣬߼еҲ٣ǿʲôˣҸģ̸ģ֣ݺſϣ˵
¶ģɶԷ˵գ͹У԰͸˵棬͵͵ġ
֣ݺûЭˣ˵ʵĲҡ
˶֪ǲǶԵģԵĿϾ̹ˡ
̫ˣ
ǿμϢʱ䣬ڻΪŬдҵ
̫ˣӶҪˡ
֣ݺ͵Ļתͷڻͻ𣿶õ廨
һɲ䣿
Ĵ壬׷ˡ
ÿĻһҲˣ˵ô죿֣ݺ˵
ʹʻƯǲϲ͵ģҲ˲
úȰȰ֣ݺˣʵɣҾǸҲϰ㿴˼˧ֶרĲ׷㣬Ӧòǻ˰ɣ
Ӧ룬һʲô֮Ӧóһ£˵Ҳеϲأ
찡Ȼ˵û̫һ߳ţһᡣ
Ҳ޷˵˵һ߳õİ취ǿչһµӦԡͣҿ㣬ǰŮ
ΪѰæ˵һºûˡ
֣ݺͺǵִػͷҲҪһôᣬҲһ壬Сƻ˼ҵļͥ
ûС˵ˣͬصͷ˵Ҳǡ
ҲãֵĺϷҲ˭ƽʱôţ
СҷҲ̫İǷʲô𣿡֣ݺ˵
˵ʵҲãһˡ
ϿΣʦˡ
֣ݺ͵ͷ


22
һĿγ̣֣ݺͲĲɵʱڻˡ
ܷ꣬ڻؼҵ·ϣҪȥģӲһ򣬳һʳȥˡ
ô˵أᵣǸСѾڵˣϴһڼſڣȥ
ȻֿʼƤӣǿ϶˵ǸСеġ
ҲûѧУԣʳԵĶӲԱߵĵ꿴ȥкܶ׷۵꣬мңзľͰա
ʳֶǳԵģ̲ʳꡣ
ȻҲкܶŰ
һ仰ʱûһ޹ġ
仰զһеЦԭԣѩʱûһƬѩ޹ġ
ȷʮе
ſţ߽һʨ۵ꡣ
ǰסϷϷй׷ʨѷ۵ȵȣϷķԹ
ʨۣ˵ܳΪе񣬿ûðɣܲˣ
ѡĵ˲Ǻܶ࣬ȥʱֻųԡ
˿ŵλ£Կ棬ڳԶ
ϰ壬һʨۣ΢ˡ˵ţǮ
õģԵһ°ҵϰһԷޣʮң³ۣϹְѷ۶˳
˶װҲڵţǰ棬ҵܹˡ
˵Ҫ˼⳥㣿
Ȼأ
ҿҲ̫˰ɸ磬ԴСҲа㡣
ߣʲôСãһ֪ڸĵĴ
˵ŻҲûڸú
Ҳܣܿķ۾ˡ
ҵĸ磬ǵһγʨۣ˵𣿡
֮ǰһֱڹ⣬ɲҪƭң
һû˵Իܶס죡ģЪһᣬҵʨͦóԵģó´βͺˡ
õģ֪
̾Ȼкܶ˲۵ģû˾ˣ·ߣһͣ
֣һˣҲǴɫ˶װһֱ
ͻȻ̧ͷںͶԷӵһĶˡ
Са
Ըۣô֪ӦȥֱӻؼҾСˡ
ᣬһӿĲ棬ŶԷԶ鶼ûˡ
ĲҲع档
ͷĬͿԼ롣
ʱԷûпԣûпûУʹҴС
¿϶ˣ˼һһ֣һŮˣ̫ˡ
Ҫһ׳ŮҲԮ̫ˣ޵ļӸС
ʶ𣿡Ա߰ɫ·ø첲һ¶ԷЦ˵λƯɰãðҽһ¡
ʱѾˣһ죬ôûУǺһֽ𣿡ɫ·סҽĻѱȫϡ
ʮֶӣ󿴿ҿûӦ뻹ǰеĿĲ˳ˣһķۣе᲻á
ĬԶˣɳųſӣƳһ߳һӦԵİ취
ͳֵһĻվſһԷۡ
ʱûˣȻ϶ҪΧˡ
治֪ŪʲôҲûע⵽ߡ
ˣһüܲˣ޲óһһµؿϷ
վС˺һвһƵģ˳Ŀ⿴ԼǰĳմһСʡ
ոճԶʱСģ֪ʲôʱմ·ˡ
Լûע⵽
Ȼ쵽һߵĸӣǵһͷ
ţãͻȻ˸ãˣ̫˰
ֻôӰó±ˮı±Ĩ̵ġ
ţǸ˵ЦЦĿ⣬ܼס죬νˣʲô𣿡
װ޹Скѡ
ʱװɵͶˡ
ԷƺҪĻˣǸСУҲʲôˣ𲽲ƽװɵҲǣүȻϲɵӼƽϣһξΪѰɡ
˵ôѡ
ɵŮˣȻᱻĴŮ˸׽Ūˣ
ι۸СﲻðɣԱߵѲ廰ŮȻģ벻еȣɵķۡ
þûпɰŮˣȤȤ
λŮǸ񾭲㲻ȥҩˣҪǼӸϵʽԺַ㣬͸˵һҩЦŶ˵ɵļơ
Ȼᵱ棬Է˵˵ģžɵˡ
죡źݻһƿੲݵѣûٸ˵ĻᣬͲֱסˡ
ʱԣ̫ˣ
˵´Լȥ򣡡˵
ɫ·ֺϣУ


23
˵˺ðɣ
˰죬ԿϷģСֹˣ˳ܵʱ͵͵ء
ûɹˡ
ιûУֿʣǻβŮˣ־͵д
ĬãҲȡڶַˣв
Ҳƽϣܵ˺ˣңܲˬܻ󣬺
ݣԭ£
ǲܰݵģ
ԭǲԭµģ
ңҲǹģҸǸ𣿡߰죬кΣ޿κΣ
Ҫùȿˮ죡
ڵͱˮסˣ
ҲǹģûôǮܲܲҪ⳥ʮȫµҶûʮ򡣡۾˵
û취ֻװСˣԴ׬ȡһͬ顣ϣС΢һͬģֻҪһͿˣడ
Ӵλװˣһ۾ͿˣװûŰɣ
ѡڶ𣿡
Ա߰ɫ·æ˵ôӣ˼Ůӣ㲻ҪҶȥ˰㣡
̫˲ݣһϧ֮ҲûУ֪ˣҲΪ治ɫǰŮˣ
һѹûи飬һĻ
ڱ죡Էһ䵶ûŹ𣬡˵ôѡ񣡡
ݣħˣħ
ޣѵҪСʮ
ûǮΪֵãǮүӸģҲҵģȻڴˣһˡ
ԼĴӣ۰ͰͿŶԷϣԷŹһѵĿλдˡ
ܲܣеѡ񣡡Сѯʡ
Ա߰ɫ·ѾЦֱˣ̫Ц˰ɣδĳ档
ִһСŮǺİ
δƽϣ仹ǸһŮδ
˺ʱôСˣ
ѵǳһȾ˲˵ϰ
УţҲûУɫ·ͻȻһתЦЩùͷˣһµÿߵ֮ǰ͵ҼңԸĻǾеѡ񣡡
ѪҪˣҪķ
һµԼء
Ҫһ£ȥأ쵰
⳥ʮ򣬴˾һµֻѡ񡣡˵ѾһˣټװɵǾ͵ڶ
ɫ·Ͻ˵СӦɣ˳С۵ģҪԥȥ˾붼ҪʮˣöҲӰ첻ã㻹ǿѡɣ
һ˵һʹʹɫϽӦ񲻴Ӧͻغ֡
ɫ·һߴʹɫʾʱѡ¾ûлˡ
ǰ涼⳥һѡǣҪȥ˼ķһСŮġ
νССŮˣüĥ
ʼȻԸ⣬Ϊ嶼ǽģѰھָܡ
ȽҪôǮǱʶﻹԸԷһµʵǶһݣ˵ķðѿһ㡣
û־ţò˵ʱԼˡ
ɫ·վСк棬ƴʹɫǼƺ޲˵˵Ҫӡ
ңѡɡЩ˵˵
Ҫԭ˵ֱסϧǣͬһ˾ע˵뷨һڵǿԸҲ԰ѣô˵أǿԼɡ
ڶԼ뷨޿κΣԻ·ôأǱҹɣ
˲ô࣬ʱСУͲȥˡԶԶǰȫһЩΪԼСҲֻˡ
ɫ·ɨɨǺʶࣺ㻹е֪֮ˣոҲǸˣҲӦҵҪξʹ˲С˹ԭˣ
´飬˿ɲô˵ˣรɣ
ŶˣԶʱǲǿСһΧ찡㿴㣬·϶մʲô
˺ٸ˵ֱӴ߳ȥˡ
ãȻˣʲô˼ҲӦʲô˲С˹һܳŴأǰжˣֹ˵ţ
Ա߰ɫ·ûߣȫˡ
Ц˵ŮҪСİҪǸͲô׷Źˡ˵һŮ㲻֪ҲͦҵģŮѺһˣʱңܶʱǳҩˡ
˼˵ŻŻ㣬ûҪȥ˽أܲ˱˲ɾ˵´Ϲ࣬㶼ҪƵ˹
Свͷͷæ˵ٽˣŮݰݿ
б߳ȥСˡ
̾˿ԭԭˣҲϴ룬ҲҪǮҲ˾ȥΪϷˣ棿
жˣȻܻͲˣ
СвϲɾнͶ֢ҩ鱻Ϸˣĸܣ
صң±ɳϣúģɳʮڿ
̫ƣˣȻɳô
ҪӲӲľӣ֣ġ
ӵ˿϶һŮƽ޹棬̬붼갡
жɣһһֹţͻȻ뵽СУҲʵǲСеΪʲôϷˣһ
ˣȻ˵СǷŹһ̫߳ˣǲģԽԽߡ
ʲôŹһ˲С˹
ǲСһ£ںηηļ
ðȻԶҲ棡
ȻҪǮҪĵܻ޿̣ǽطʱ
ŸոյԼҲǴҪ˸ϴ˰ɣһһɫʶѡѡڿϹ
ͨˣˣʲô˰ѾйŮȲé®ëͷСӣ
У䣬ͷ
͸СеʳҪú׼
һĺζͷŵԼϵζˣո·³ѾȵòˣҲֻ΢һ㡣
ģԱһ԰ȥɢҲȥߡ
ϴݽŻ˯⼸һֱظģҲϰˣ̫һӾ˯ˡ
ҺСе¼ûӰ쵽˯ߣܺúϢһ£ӹ̶˾ͺѸı䣬˯ˡ
׻˵ʳ˯Ǻеģ̫ʱ˯һžһ٣ֻǶӣ˯һʵڡ
ڶɾ


24
ܺã뵽С΢е㲻ˬѣ֮ǰСл˳ñǻ˧Ǹ޽еġ
ڿûиãթ
һϿΣѧʱصȥ˲гһЩḻʳģ١
רҪСأ
ӺģϣԷҪѽ
ҲʲôˣζƫֻЩҳˡ׼ԴȲһЩøУźÿչж
ܹˣлһ˱ǵĿˮŹ΢˺ˣеȣ㹻һ˳ˣԼͺܼ򵥷ֳһԾ͹ˡ
ϲӦԣҲ̫׷ʳͺˣһԼԣ֡
Ȼ⸱岻ˣҪĳֺܶǻ᲻ÿģҪһ¡
ʵһ㣬ͺˡ
ԼûԶȶ˵ڸˡ
˼ŶԷûзӦŶֶˣԱߣﲻˣҪǡŲ
ӴиŮϴǸŮ
Ůҽһ£ǡ˵һ뱻Ա˸ס˿Էɫֻñ첻ˡ
Ǽ£ǹ˵ɡ
£
Сһɫб۾ܲһ
Ŷˣںܲɣ
ˣǰ˰ɣ
ǻǱǸأ


25
СеЦԣҾ˵ĺеӦģϾҲ˺㣬Ҿһڵϣܽأ
Ҳҵһ⣬ϣܽܡʮֵĳ˵
Է˻࿴˿Ŀг˻ɡҲǣһֱҪǮһ˵˶
ţӻˡ
Ҳ֪ױԷɣҲû취Ҳ˵ԼĶǺⰡ
˵ȷš
˫ʳеݹȥ߰СУ˵ţҵȻ£ȳԶɡԼαװ죬̫αˡ
ϣһʵԣ뿴Ųô١
СвӣȻǲĻԱߵĺѷһŮôصĶڵϣ˹
ллŮգգۺǵƤ˵ʳ治**ɣ
ҡͷЦȻûУԼҲҪԶڷ涯ֽţȳ԰ɣȻ˾ͲˣҲȥԶˡ
ûôӣҲֻ˳ˡ˵
ȥԶˣ˻վԭء
ִ٣Ĳ԰
Ͱýȥ
ҿҩɾȣɫ·ȥһ߶֪ŮǾǶе㲻˵˼㻹ޣΪΪ
ҲܣҪԡ
סԷԡǰ˵һĻ
ӽ֮ĺѣϰԣһݣֱβ
ãǶθɡ
ӽѷ˰ϣóһ۾Źˡ
Ŀˮܲ˺ˣзŹҲʢˣ⼸֮ԵĲݣֱʢ硣
֮ôôҲٳȥԶҲǺϲ㣬ֻиųԡ
ͶҪˣ
ӽﻹжûȳ˵
ȥ˿Ӻ룬ܵس
ζȻȲϴЩҳ˷ζ
ӽȫģ˿ԡ۴ԡҳѣǺͣ˿ӣһ㣬Ҳǻûж𣬶Զ˻ô
㿴ϲԵĲˣôŮİҶеϲôأ˵
֮һۣĿͣڿˮϡ
ӽһȥϴˡ
֮ü˿ԥ˺þãȥ˿ˡ
һС飬ţζȻǲܱȵģҲǺóԵˣ̵á
תȥһֻƳ
ӽ֮Ȼˣο޻ӡ
Ȼϴ룬Ѳ;߸˼͹ȥ֮Ļڽ鷿֮ǰӽӽҪˡ
ʲôҶϴˣ㻹ϴոҪӹܳԵЩʳ˾ֻбӵͰɣ
֮û˵ӽֻȥϴ룬Ҳǲңµֻ֪ˡ
궫ԷʳСеĺѡ
ŮãҽмӽĲĺúóԣܼҪҵ˰ɣ㷹Ǯ㿴ΣȻҲ᲻˼ӽЦ˵
ùƮƮʳе˵࣬ЦЦã˵ҪһڵģȻѵˣľͺˣҰˡ˿ζʰɣҿԸƸơ
ڿʼҵˣʼȻҪһ㡣
ӽܳζֱܰζȣóԣرǵˮóԵˡҺϲԣĲ˿Լһݿˮ𣿡
һϣ
ɲٳˣҪܳԵĶٸ֮ȥô
϶Ӧˣû⣬϶һݿˮټӴһ㣬𣿡
ʵҲˣĿˮĻ治Ҫǡ
ӽֱжҪˣŮŮǺð
ϧӦö֮е뷨ȻôŰ֮ԷҲֻ뵽ԭˡ
ǳģԳԺóԵĶǸöð
˼ҿе˲
˶ѺϲĿˮŶӽһգָۣ˵
ȻĻˣοҲ֪˵ʲô֮ʳзźãʲô
ڵĴʱҲ֡
ִ֮үڷӽ֮˵ԱߵŮܶе뷨֮Լ鷿ҲƣֻӲŴˡ
˵ʱҲ̫ˡӽһ˵
֮ẓ̇һ̧ͷۼӽ飬Ա˺˾ȥϢɣ컹ҪϿΣ㻹Ϲʲô˶𣿡
⻰üӽҪѪˣʲôúˣ
ðæСĲҴˡӽ˵ǸŮҿϲ㣬㲻˼һ𣿷ҲûŮѣҾÿ԰
У˵ҲҪǮĵĵǸģ㿴ǶзǷ֮룡̾ôʻţϾ£ѵһ˧羹Ȼ˴
֮Ͼرӣ̧ۿӽϴʮĻЦȥϢˣ˻ûϹ˧ֲ壬κΣеӰ˼
ӽҪѪˣʣ
ܲˣϽŻ˳
ˣ
ӽȥϢˣ֮ĿŻصϣȫĸ˼һЩѼϢڴһʱܵУ԰֣ݺ͵Ĺϵ
һʱѧУʱ򻹺֣ݺǱϵ¹ϵҲ˵Ůעѡ
ԭͬһѧУ
˵ģĸ磬ȻϲԼĸ磬Ϻܴˡ
ΪʲôҪĶⲻܣֻһͣĿġ
֮鶼ϲʣһ۵ףϲģɲȷĶҪӽʲôĿġ
ӽ˵ģˣδأϲˡ
Ȼ벻²ԼѾ֪Ĳϣ̵ԤʵʩԼļƻļƻ
Ȼϵ仰Щʱǲõġ
һѧʱ֣ݺӲҪһȥԶθںܺãܳԡ
ÿѧʱǸͻܷˣ뿴ֱֻܲӲͷƤЩʻ
صҴҿյﶼĽӼʣۻܴ󷽣һһָˡ
ΪֵƣðãںǸѹûϵѾǱǿȵˡ
ݺͣҽҲûпգҵûؼңһ˵ҪңҿҪдΪѵ˵治ɫ˵ѣʲôģȻûеġ


26
ȥôпպ֣ݺͳȥأ
ҵûɣҪȥ˵ɡ
֣ݺȻʧܷǸ壬ûʱȥߣֻһȥˡ
ðɣ´˵ˣСȻһˡ֣ݺֻͷ˵СһһҪ˵
֪ǸܶණǲҪģûа취ܾҲãԶˡﻹкö࣬Ҫ߰ɡ
ûСúˣΪһЩ̫ˣҲ˼ó͸ˣȻԷҪʲôˡ
ֵˣһ֣ݺֻĵƬ֪ô±֣ݺôö
һ֪ѡģҴͼֵ˵һһĺö
֣ݺԼһҲûã͸˱ˣòصĿ㡣
ԼǸҲ˼ֵĶҪǸ֪׼Ҫꡣ
˰ɣҲòûױ̫鷳ˡңЩ˼͸ģӦԼŰҪ͸ˡ
֣ݺĻԵóˣֻһҲ뿴Щ⣺СǸ壬һһѧĲʲôǣ
ҪǶԷĵģ϶̣⣬ǣǱµģŲҪأ
ⲻ׷ˣڱǿѹˣ
ҪͲˣ
ʱŮԣ
֣ݺݺݵţû׼Էͷ䡣
𲻽һδ֣ݺͿƺţΪָеΣãֻͺЦ׷·ѾȷˣܾܿõĺϷ
֣ݺͣݺͣһ壿
Ц
֣ݺǵͷҡͷǾžģҲ21ˣҴ˰˾ɣ˵Ҳܽ壬ﲻ˰˭鷳ģ
ǸʲôҲᾫӢͻƽˣӣһѧȻԼͶȥӶԩ
Цˣ˵ҲȫǻӡˣǾǻһ˼
֣ݺҪ𣬾Ͳû۴ˣСЦĲϲ
ҺֲʶͻȻ׷ң˵ǲ⣿
֣ݺһҲΪʮе˵ĺܶԣ⣬
ֻЦ˵԰ôû뵽һǲģԼҪСһЩ
֣ݺһӦصͷȻˣѾܾˣﶼҲѽУͷİɣ֪ġ
㣬ԼҲҪעⰲȫһϻȥʱҪرע⣬ŮԴĳ̶ֳ˵Ⱥ塣
֣ݺһе飬æͷҲǡ
֣ݺӦ»ݰݣᣬؼҡ
УŹ侭·ڣڹг
гסĵطʮֻֽҪٶӵ·͵ˡ
ˡࡢǹࡢи
̯Աζе󣬶ҵЩʪģЩëߺ򣬻ӵȥɴ࣬һܿгС飬Ÿġ
о̻
Ŷкһȥһֻԥ֣Ϊˬ졣
ֻСгԣ˰ֻˣһֻļ˿϶ܳġ
ŴȥһЩزģܹһӣġ
صԢóԿţһִֻӲ߹ĴӣŴӵֱѹϵĺۼԡ
ûжһţһţκһĴûġ
ûκΣ⸱̫Сʲô취
ҶһһЦӯӯֺõһ˧ҲͲ·ҷˣݺ졣
ӽЦ˵Ұɣ㿴ⶫصġ
һһĴӣ˿Ѿ
´ȥȥɣУʲô֣ܲÿζؽɣһΪ˧ʵЦݣֻȥһͷƲӵַŵͷϸպúǱ
ˣ˧ɱɳֳˡ
һЦ˳ɹѾˡ
û°ɡ˵ȥ򣬡ŰɣҵȻҪˣ
ӽԼҲЦˣץץͷ͵ʲôҲûδʧ´һҪҵʵҿ϶ӵģ
ʧ󰡣ʧ󣡡ͣؽ͡
ԽǽͣԽúЦǳ˸Цϸ̿
ʵҸոʲôҲæˡ˵
ӽ֮ãȥŴ̾
洫ĿŵֺĳЦ
ӽֻںŮԶһɺӼӣû˵Ĵڡ
ΪЩСĸûһӰ졣
㿪ţҪϴ裬ȻóԶӽ˵
֮ƳۣǮţ˵һ䣺
ӽȴҡ߽ȥһҲϣȻкóԵģŲЩ
֮ȥϴ裬ӽΪԼˣȷ˺ü顣
ӴӴ̫߳ˣִپȻһΡ
ĹԢǺܴҲһ
ȼӽȥ֮תſȥ
ϴ⣬ͻȻЬæȥèۿһֵߵ
СУ
ûڲƽţʲô𣿷˻ûãҪһ
Էһװ˼Ĵ߸˶¶׳Сȣ˫ֲ嶵ŵģʮִһЩаȵ˧
Ҳ˵ԱĻһҲʮֺʵģٺʲˡ
סͷϵĹߣֱһˣ롣
ΪʲôҪվſںԻһʵ̬
һ£ûشԷ˵ˡ
ǿϼӽǻˣ
ˣϼӽûС
Ҹ˵ӽɵҲҪǹʹֱƱƿ˵ʲôϧͺߵԭһңԶˡ
һ㱨꣬һξٵģҪ֮һӸ£ڷ𣿡
ʲô˰˵ĻȻûһ˻
Ҫˣϻǲú;ջһõİ˳˳֣ǮҲøˣҸǸɡ
֪ʱ˵ҪֶģһСģ
֮˳ǣתߣԡ
ţŸţ޲óȥСͬھ
ز٣ôǵһαС̶ֳȣҪǲһ㾭ѵ
ˣԼıҲ
Ļġ
ͻȻӣһֺ޲ȥȻΧΧȹӸС˵ôõĻ
ز٣


27
ȻԼľٶе㶪Ҳû취ʲôʱҪģû˾û˰ɡ
ҲֻοԼˡ
Ȼ鶼ˣʲô취أ
÷ˣοˮճݲˣһϺľһ޷㣬лأӪ仹ԡ
Լǳ˵˾ûҪԵԼ˵򵥳һЩ
ǱСС
죬ڵ죬ܵģɲˡ
͹ȥǼӽţһȥȻܾˣüӽٰ͹ȻҪϢˡ
Ҳֻϵһ٣Ӱ졣
ӽϲϲذѲ˰ϣһ߸̾Ǻð㿴ζȣؼŮڿǲˡ
˵귢ִٻһűʼǱԾţ٣ԲԼԶ
һԣ̾еʱ⿴һ
ףˣԶˣ
Цˣǿ԰Ϊأ벻ҪԵģ֪ϳǿˣˡ
ִ٣ϲˣӽ̲ס˵ˡ
֮ݵģسŶһҲö˵ǮģȻҪˡ
׼ǮˣԲǱСӡ
ο˵顣
㵹ǻƱ磬Ҳƽϣӽ߳Ա˵˵ŮĲó԰ҺþûԵļҳˣǰСʱȥҲܳԵڶûˡ
ͻȻӦԼ˵ʲôæ̧ȥ֮һȻʲôҲܵɵðһ
˵ʲôŴ죬޲סԼ죬Һ֮û
´Ҫע⡣
ҿŮһס˵ǲǱ˰ôһ˵סҪԼֿӽ̾
ôŮܶˣÿζһˣҲûˡ
ѵһ¶ɵ뵽ԡ
֮ͣסúǲ˼Ŀ⿴ӽʱ̵ĻɣԼ꽻ĺһɵӡ
ӽ˵ҾǣǲҪ˼ҵǸϾ֮ǰ̬һҲã˼һǮҲ̫ʿˣ
еͬǸŮˣ
ֿ֮һ۳Եļӽ
ţûˣǴˡ
Ҳûش𣬼Լġ
ӽǼ̾жΪ𱧲ƽ


28
ӽһ˵ĺûȫ֮ĸܡ
ǸŮĺð˳Ưֺãе㶯ˣ
\ִ٣Ҷе㶯ˡӽҡͷ˵ţ˵ѧУôûŮ̫ϧˣ
ѧУ̫࣬ŮҲû
ӽǸ̾ںλܸɵˡ
֮һ£벻ӽ˵Ǹɵӡ
Ҳøӽ˵ˣ˴ˣˡ
ӽԽԽ֮飬ǸûиĻˣڱֳĬˣ˵
궫ֹ黹;߸һлŻ
죬ϸöٸ͹ȥ
ʵ𻨴£ҲȷǲĵģĿġ
ʳĻţһˣҪˡ
֪ǲүڸԣŴӵݿڳֲ˼һĻ
֣ݺ־Ȼһģ֣ݺͿ޿ģ˵ʲôϲϲ֮Ļ
ȻòˣɫǱֱ䣬§֣ݺ͵ϸֱӰ˿˵ݡ
ȫģûһ
ʲôӦԶʱĿɿڴ֪˵ʲôˡ
Żϣ֣ݺȭҲãĿⲻĵسһȥ۾ˮ
񣬺ģǱһľ
е¼ţ˶
Ŷ˳֣ݺ͵Ŀ⿴ȥ
СޱվţĿҲǿߣ֣ݺͲͬûиġ
ббؿǽڣ𿴹ȥʱĿˣһЦҲûУ
𿴿ǰԾֿ֣аվ˵СУͻȻһʲô
ִ٣ʲô㲻˵岻ȥ𣿡һɤŴ˳
ӽʱпΣոλ֮˵ġ
ôˣ
е÷ˣ
֮ǽĿЩааģһ˵ĸоŶͷ°ͳϣ΢΢̧ͷϡ
ţôֱԸС  ҡ
ɳƣֲʧԡ
ΪԵûƽʱͱˣԵº
ӽ̾ϢһԱ߸˵˼Ļ
Ůϰæˮ˵ִϲˣ֮ǰԣ
һ¡Ϣȵòܻʲô˵顣
ӽͣס˵Ůʲô𣿡
Ҳõ͵͵˵ѽʲô֣
ҿ㾹Ȼ֪׷ˣӽһЩΪ˲Ƿŵˣ֮Уݰòһ޶۹Ҫ¸ҰǱģҿ㣡
ǲԼΪһԵľܰ˵ģΪ֮ҸҲܲˡ
ӽ˵ȥ֮ˣһ¥ҡ
ʹûһ紵Ҳˡ
С֮ԼѪˣһĴڡ
ж֮ԸедģС˽Եͻ˳˧࡭
ȫˣǣԸòдǵ͵䰡Ȼɵɵشȥ
ֲΪ⣬ԭ˼ҵĻ裬ܸıİ
˵ģûӰ
˵ʵԭȷĵģͨʼǰ׼öԷɾ裬һµкҩС֪ʲôϣҲĻȥ˺ˣҲöԷ۸ǡ
û뵽˼еĶ䣬ڶ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
ţɵɵ
˶ɳϣǰζԷѾûˣŻ˰ɣȻֽ뵽νУһֱ̫ǣ
ؼǣ֮ϲ֣ݺͰ
漴ʹ֣ݺһˣ֮ǶԼΨһĳ˹顣
仨⣬֣ݺѾϲˣ֮עá
̾һԵɳƻʧܺ󶼸оˡ
ִ֮٣ӽйΣûע⡣
ɵȱ
򿪵ӿգȥˣֱ


29
ȥš
ſɳϲ߶ģΪʱеˣΪݵԵʲòӴŮѾڳԺˡ
֣ݺ˻ͼദš
ΪԼӴŮѾսԼˣû뵽߻һ䣬Ѿɹ
ȻǾ͵ʲôҲûɣ롣
ŴEӽ۷Ź⿴
ǸŮ֮ˣ鷳һΣģǻḶǮġEӽѵò˼ĵӣұ֤ȥ׷ɹй飬㿴ô
Լ䷹úѵõҸô㰡
֯˵Ǹҽ첻׼ˣû飬ҪұĶ㣬ûȥˡ
ԼԷ뷨ûУûʳ
Eӽ𣬷·ʲô캦顣
Ůˣ
ԣİô˵ˣ֮ǰҵʶEӽ
øƯˣEӽɾؿ佱øƽˣ֪ԡ
һֱ˵ȥʱֹ䣺ðɣһΣȻȥŰɣҵȻ͹
ˣⶼһЩʲô˰ùʣ


30
ջǰѶøڵھӹȥһһ߻룬еˣ˸ɺţŸ˼кҩ֪֮࣬˼ҵʵݺˣǰˡ
ţžͿˣӽɫҴҵģǿ˾һ
Ůм£ˣ̸ϻȥͰæкãǻջӾСùܣллŶˣҰѷдֽˣɰ
ӽ˵꣬ųţµˣҲҪ˵ʲô
룬òҵһִܿ٣һͶ໮㰡Ѿʮˡ
ڸŮƷŵùġ
EӽˣͷҲصˣһڷҡ
ʳжסˣǱƵٴһٷ۰Ͱ͵͹˼ңҲһϺˡ

ſڿţEӽѾˣܰûһ֪֮棬֪յʲô̶ȣûУ
𾡹̫ܲ룬һ뵽˵ӶܿҪյˣҲţⲻС˵У˰
ջʳнȥˡ
һνڵҷӣδ
ɫһɫΪǰɫɳɧŮۣ͵ݻɫĵӣͬɫĳߵˮһͲǷƷнŴЬϼֱĿ䷿ӱǼ˺ܶ࣬ȻҲߺܶࡣ
ֻǼĴɨһ£ѾĿɿڴˡ
νִ٣֮ȻǸǵģ
ˣѾ۷ˡ
˿ȻЩɫܲһиߵе͵ģΨһǶݻݳޡ
ЩɫȴһֺȻܺгĸоȻҲ˳ۡ
Ǻ˵ص㣬Ե
˿䣬һƽȥһͣ£ƲǴŵġ
СУ֮棬
ţӦһֱţʮġ
˴ʮӺڴˡ
֮һɫ˯£³㣬ͷǼͷ˯죬ɫֲȻĺ졣
һֳţһֳǽڣӸ¿
˽լʲôͷεģһŮڼͲˡ
ϸһǰͼӽŮ뵽ƺвĿģŷӽӮģ͸Ӳˡ
ᵽʲôкûñҪôֳֺõĻأ
ʳ˵Eӽģ㻹ǺúóԵ㶫Ϣɡ
Ҳս䣬⸱㲵Ĺӣһ鵽˼ӣͷˡ
˲С˹ƽˣ
һ񾭲ʲôԼƽϵأ
֮ɱƣҲ˵ĿǻɣǶ
Ͽȥϻһֽֽߡ
ףⲻ
˼ĿתھͿͨˡ
Eӽ˵ûȻǶͼ
Ŀģеð찡
ûӦϳʳУֽɵ֮С˿ֿԼ·̾Ϣʲô
ӣƺκܲ⸱֣ԺΪѡ
֪Ϊλ⸱飬ʶͣEӽӲҵģ㲻ҪˣҿɲʲôС͵Ҷĺˣ
֮ϵľȣҲˣͿ⼸ٷϣȲ
ɴ˿Ůϲɣǰһ̻ûѪԵԸ˼ˡ
顣
ͲҪˣҼҪҵͬ⣬ֽ֮СͶͰУһֽӹʳУˣԻȥˡ߲ͣ
ߵ˲ϣó;Ƴ
ϲĺ죬Ҫǹװˡ
찥θڶôá
ļ֤£֮˵ͨͨˣҲĿɿڴ״̬


31
ǼʶˣһߵɳϣЩ֮ᱻ
ôܳô࣬ǲǲӦûθ
ӣֱθںõǿ׳ţĸо
֮궫һ̧ͷȻϲɳϣ
ɳӽ˽רģŮôûò
УŲ˵̺ϣûдӣĵ̺ҪŪˣ
֮һҲãҪ಻þж಻ãԭȵϸ굽Ҫˣ
ܼӽиȻŲ֪֮뷨
ڷ̾ʳ̧ͷ˶ԷܲƵɫʲôַһ
Ī߿ֿ֮һɫǺ޲ó
ллһٲģϢˣˡ֮סŭϾ˼Ҹ˷ˣҪס˻һ׾ˡ
ɫͻȻͦģƺܲӭӲˣҲ̫ˣһҲ⡣
ջˣȻˣ˶˼ϳô࣬ӿ϶ջˡ
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ҵɳҵĵ̺һܸ𣿡˵
ͷ£ֺ˶ȷ̺ʣҲûע⣬нİ
æԼЬڵ̺ϻ
ոջɳ
̺Ǹ˲ȵģɳģҸôķˣûñôһҲ̲סˣƢҲܹ͵ˡ
УҪǼӽңΪԸ°ǳԱ˳ŵû¸ɰ
ȥгˣڳæôϲ𣿡һ˵ͣˣǲģڲû
ΪôǳϹϵһȲѣʲô취ҶԶˣЩˣǵ˰˱ùˡ
һҾܴ졣Ȼ˵˵ţˣ
Ҫ֪ʼİ綼ûпޣеһ̱̾ˡ
֮ʶе㲻ͬˣŮˮ˵޾ͿޣһҲ˷ӦĻᡣ
̫ˣͷΣҪޣͷˡڵذϣмλ˵̺ıԵҲ˵
ʳҲҪˣ͵ιԺǲҪǰ˵ȥ
֮ţ˼ţһˡ
ͷ޿κλְϵĲͿϴɾŲȥϢ
ܵʲôΨС˺ŮҲ
˳ϲ
֮˯£ȥ˯ţ뵽ոǸŮ˿޳Ǹӣһ벻
ͻȻӶˣ˯¾ͳ˳ȥ
ǽǱ߿ޣţһֽޣûû˵ơ
ˣޣҪ޸
֮ţֿ壬أ͵ˡ
ĿҲˣͣ£ֽȥš
޹أ˭
֮һֱſŵ̬⧲һ˵ѹ˵ϡ
ŵأûӦۿźԾҪϣ֮һҲˣæȥͷ棬ֹͷֱء
͵һȥȻ֮澡Լѹϡ
оҪˣѹˣһʯͷѹӲײϣͲѪˡ
ͷûأ֮Ȼͷ΢΢̧
ӿǻֵѹϣһһҲû١
оĹͷҪˡ
֮򼱼ææ˵û°ɣ㻹Űɣ㲻Ѿ˰ɡ
æ˳ɳϣᳵ·ȥˮȡ
ڼֲһţһֱᣬĬĬҲ˵ɵһ̫ˣļز̫ˣ
ֱ֮ĲŲҪ͵ĵëʶԶ룬ѽǲŵģȻԼֲ̫ˡ
֮ëΣŮ˰۶еӵ
ƣǵùһŮˡ
Һ֪֮ʲôȻġ
֮ε˵ιŮˣ϶Ǳ飬Һĸë²֡˵ôǸŮģͲԼһ𣿡
֪ʲôǸë
ԼĲŲȹᣬ룬ѡԼĲŲ
ȻţѲŲŻԭλԼϴϴ
ԼۣıǼ⣬Ǳ
þûǱˣҲ֮Сеġ


32
ϴڳȥС֮Ѿҵɳϣʱһ
ŶȥһҪУҾͿʲôʲôΪΪ
а
Ĩһմˮͷ˿֮˹ȥ
ȻվšӸ¿ޱ֡
ΪԼı࣬㹻ʾˣ֮УǺٻûʲô
Ů˻װ᣿ôôװҲ񰡡
ʱֻ֮룬û˵µȻֿޣѨ
ǰŮ˿Զ·ģʲôɿ޵ģڲУѴŮŪ޵ģһЩ벻뷨ͷǳˣ
ͦٿˣɵ
֮Ŷȣ΢̧һͷϵıµģŶԷС
ʲôµġ
Ȼƣ֮һ㷴ӦҲûУһģ͵شսǾ;ܽҪͻˡ
ޱʹսȥ֮ΡȻɽ˵ĵӶȵģ˭Ҳ˭Ϳ˭ȷˡ
̫ˣ֮û뵽û뵽˻Ѿûпˡ
͵һ´յ֮ߣҪȥˡ
Լһ
֮ǱһȱзţʱˣĳһȺһ˵ϡ
ΪԵʣ⵹صҲء
ӲڰУޱˣúЦҪסҪЦЦġ
֮ڵϻ̧ͷĴŮˣҲпҪĶ޴ŵ
ιռҲôһŮģҲҪһְɣĳؽ𣬡ͲҪˣԶòˣ
˵ʱ·Ӧ;˵ǶԵģͼı죬Ƿǡ
ˣ֮⼸Ļǻǲǣҧгݡ
ɴ۾ȼŭ
̲֪֮ƨ˵ҺүҾϵȴʵܻӹǡ
㿴㣬ƮƮûŹǾһţ˵ǲ̫ˡμİ׹ǾǸɫŮȻȻǹͷľ֣ƯֶΡ㿴㣬ʣһŹǡ
˵˵ţûɫˣúѿ
ҧԱһſ˸ɨѳੲݵСȥ
ɨѾͺñȴ󵶣һɨȥҳӷɣнִ˵ǲӦԵĶҩ
ɨѴսʱѸײڶ֮ƿٳˡ
侲侲бҵĻΪùʵȨ
˵ɨѲ飬ֻܺٺˣ˵ſڣ˳ȥ
ɨѣһȥţﲻӭ㣬Ҳ
˵ٹţСҪ
֮һαʽϵıҲǱֱ䣬ƽһĴ
ԴľȻһŮˣ
֮ٻصԼķ˵Ҳ֣Ƿյ״̬ھȻоûˡ
ûԸðҩͺһ밡ǸոձǸŮŵġ
ں󱳻亹乵ģΪҪ׹̫ˡ
֮ԼҵɳϣҲǸոĳνĴŮɳˡ
ǳ׳֮αװĲ棬ټ֮ȫҪֻҪͷ棬Ҫͱͷװ
֮ҲһǸǰ⣬Ҳö࿴Ů˼ۡ
ֵĩʱ䣬Ĳ˻ؼңϾӼ죬˯ӣԳԺȺȵġ
ſǷС͵һٿŽȥǶһ찡ʵǷ֮뿴ֻܲȡִʩԶˡ
ŹϺ֮һ߹սǴѼñѹüͣſƳۣ˵˾Ů˲Žȥ
ոտǶֱɸЦ
ΪԼǹɫĴŮϼʮѵóľɫŮ𣿻زصģ
б֢ɣ


33
ѴĶŽһʳݣ׼Ϸ۳ԡ
ȰʳϴһˮţʱʮݰСʱɣΪ֮ǰʱҲŵģ¸ɾһˡ
һСϣԼե֭һ֭ӾͿóˡ
򿪵ɳϿµգ֣ݺŮͬѧ˵ܺÿġ
ſһͲǺ뿴ˣǰղ࣬Ҳûʲô뿴ģͻ˵ӰƵ
һӰζ
Ȳʱȥݣڹ˱Ҷ콷ϣζɢ棬ͷˮ
ˮ˷ˮһùۣȷ͸˹ˮٷ档
ٰľȷŽȥ󿪾ͿԳˣһϷۣԵúܻ
ӰҲܺÿ
Ψһˣһֱͣо˺ûġ
ֻ÷ȥţè濴ȥܿһվţ۾ֱֱͷĴɢ˶̿㣬Ⱥۡ
СУ
ѹ뿴ֳ֮ô˵Ƥͳǽһ
վŲҲŲ棬ⲻ뿪Ű
˵Ȼ֮ˣ˺ܾˡ
֮صҺ֣ҪûгԵģҲ룬˼ŸոմŮôʳģɴȥһ٣پ͵Ҫ⳥챻ʧˡ
оãҲûˣŮ˯ˣ
ڻ磬Ͳˣ
ûþһš
Ťˣв̬˻һֱϵţǲˡ
ĳɴˣûûˣҪŵãҪˡ
ǽߣͣ¡
ţ£洫Եø
ҾһֱãιûУ
ڿһ̱ޱ飬ʹһ϶˵ͺãʲô£
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һƣž͸Ƶһȥˣţӱͣ¡
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˵رǷ⣬ҪǿԣֱӸһĶ֪նգ
Ȼֻ룬ոն˼һƿˣݵû뵽ô󣬻ÿ춼ȥ˶
⣬򲻹
ˣһѾˣ֮ǰ㣬Ҳˣ壡ԭλԹԶ˷ԣ͵ˣɿԼĵӰ
֮ӣ˿תȥ˳
Աһ֮ҲһԱ߳ţһ߳Ի˵´ο㣬ŵ˺͸һ㡣
ߴߴģûûˣ
޲ð볯Ͽͷϣһ͸ķĸо
ķۣӰˣ
ֻԼôһ㣬θôأ
Ҫˣûа취һۣԼտյ룬ֻȥһЩ¡
νùҴžˣʱùͷһֱһƸţԵʡ
֮ʳ·ۣãԼԼģҲ˵һ仰Ҳ˵
֮Ҳ֪ԼܻӭƤνѳԺóԵĶ໮㡣
ҴŮ˾㣬۲ӦҲûʲôͼǰɣе
Ȼϲû˼ܿ࿴
֮ţһ㲻Եñ𻹻졣
û˾ȥʢףոܳԱ
֮˿Ӱŵ˵ƬΣŮˣ֪һһȻˡ
°˼޵ԭΪǾǵӰˡ
ʱŮӵҪ룬ҪһܾܾŮѺֿ
͸жÿˣ
֮Ůˮģѵÿһ͵ˣȻôϲޣ
ް
ĬĬֽᣬȻ
Ǳģ
βʱزΪǸЦƬģû뵽Ǹ磡
ȥ롣
һվͿԱ֮ؿĥ͸
أ˿꣬û˵ȥȥϴ룡
ûа׳ԵͣͶ룡
ֱ֮סʲôϴ룿ϴ룿
ȷûи
ϴĻش򵥶ֱӡ
ⱲӾʹûϴ룬ϴ룬ǲϴģϴ
վţڣϴȻҾͰʨõϣϴϴ
֮˿ŮóɡţҪɨ׷ɱܲˡ


34
֮˲ˣȥϴˡ
ִүƽһϴ룬Լϲԣϲʰ֮ࡣ
֮ϴŮڿӰʲô͡ӰȽģӦûƵʱӰ죬ñȽģ
Ӱ滹ǣϼһЩɫĴŮ
ⶼʲôϵӰˣһӡûС
֮ҡҡͷҲһߵɳϿ
Ȼʲ㣬ںͰЩ㡣
ȥʳʱ֮ˣҲطҲûˣӦǻȥˡ
ã뿴ǰȥ
ӳĹʳ߳ȥʱ򣬿ԼƿĳһӴҡڽ͵ǲڡ
ˣ̫ħ˰ɣôӡ
ֱӴ룬ֱˣ
ķӣ
ʱ·ҷˣôҲ뵽Լһ˴һ𣬶һԼĶһɡ
ûõõĴʱ˵ʲôǵʮ
֮ҲֱͲԼڼҲҸһ𿴵ӰҲѵõҲûк
Ǩˣô
֮ǻȥһЩʳܼ򵥣ϲԴŮ˵ʳԼھͲϲûؼȥá
ʲô㿴Ӱֱɳڿȼڲ輸һϣмһʳСɫģһͺܶࡣ
ûֱӰ˲ż
ǻȿˡ
̣һԶԶĵط£֮Զбߵλ·һ֮
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֮һɫʳӣ˼ͬɫļǲͬģҿʮֿɹ۵ġ
װȫӢĸҲһ֣ǽڵʳ˽˶Ƶʳһ֪ˡ
۾Ͳˣȥʱ֪Ǯеװ磬еŵģ͹ԡ
ȻԲô԰ڵģҪʮǮУȻȥôһӵļҾߣ
֮ķ˼ȥ
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ԭܼ򵥣ó԰ԼĺóԶˡ
治֮ԼȥãһӰᵽԼĸǰԶȥˣ־ܹ
ò˵ȻŰ֣ڱ˿Ľ䣬ǻ췭ظı仯磬ƺᣬϲ飬ĸҲЩСƤʱֻб벻ûġ
ⲻ¶ԼʵĿȥ֮ʳ
ڽŶˡҲǺϲ֮Ҳ̫ãˡ
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Ͷ۹ҲܶĶǳóԵġ
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벻Ȼ֮ôõĵӰӰ
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ഺ껪õ̬ÿһʱ̶Ǻֵûġ
ѶźãԼʳˣڲԼĶˡ
˵ѣ־
룺Ҫ֮ȥĶʳʵ֮ҲԼȥ򰡣Ժ۲ġ
֮˸ǷǷǷ˵ҵ㹻ɣôǺͽ⣿
˵Լһȥˮȡ
̫ˣҪϢˣ㲻ü
ıӣıӣʱѾһˡ
˵ֻٴըëܿ϶ġԻǲ˵ˣ𱣳˳ĬֻĿ⻹֮ͣıϡ
֮ˮһ˵ͽⲻ
㿴֮ǰҲᣬҳϣʼȷǻ㲻⣬ڲ⿪ˣ˵㲻Ҳһå˲Ϯң
ȻǶᣬûʲôޣǾͽ⣿ԺǺѺõھӣͽ𣿡
ԥ˻ᣬֿ˵ͦгģҲͬˡ
ͽ⡣˵Ժûͬⲻ׼ţҲϲİ˽ҵĵ̣ҵĸϰߣÿ𣿡
Էһ֮ûͣЪš
ţ⡣
֮ҲģֱӵͷУ˵оСɣҲûǩָǩͬʲôģŵ˵Ļ㲻Ǿ˵ɡ
ԼҲ֪ʱô
֮ʵشӦˡ
֮ͻȥˣҲϴϢ
벻к֮͵һ죬ҲãÿܶƽǾȥˡ


35
ڶѵ˯һϼ賿˯µģеѾʮһˡڶҲϿΣҲûӣ˯ȻѣһѾʮ࣬һʮһ㡣
ʮ򵥳˵㶫Ÿֻͳˡ
лķ䷢ֵġ
΢˲飬ΪǮߣĹ൱׼ȥߣĸ԰طķ羰
Ϊ±̫ɹڣ˸ñӣһСɵɡû취̫̫ɹˡ
ΪԼ׼㣬淢ֲ˰СʱͱɹͷۻģϷ̫ɹ˲ϵС
һƿȪˮ£Ա߻м˼ҡ
óֻʱˣֲãڿһ쵱ȵʱˡ
˿ԼĵƬ̫ǿˣͨûкܾ޵ͼ
̾Ϸ̣Ҫ˰ɣ
ոն̫ɹ˺þãֻͷεġ
ñٸסͷ׼һ
ιˣ𣿡
ŸоûжãϤͷÿñӣˡ
һװġģģᾫӢӣǸΧĻ롣ﶼɢеĴүСѣһϰ壬ܵľɫ̫һЩ
ˣֿ˵
·⿴˺죬ֿҪţͣ˵ġ
ͷҶͶ̫߻΢еۣۣûаҾ˯һ
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ưŵ棬Ȼϸߡ
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ףȻһĹͼλá
ֻͷûиϣóա
ΪӦүүģ͸ûù
ϣˡ˵
ƬҲûпϣûЧǸͶ̥ɣ
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ߵ˹԰һǣضһƬԺ棬͵͵ǿǰҶǰȥ
һҪĶЩ
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վһһŮеĳȳд磬һñӣŮһɡҲûţеġ
̫ܴεˣΪ˿øϸܴɡˡ
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֣ݺͳ߽֮һ֮ͺˣͲˣĨ۾ӦĨɣ
ʮӣ֣֮ݺһߣ˲ߣме롣
ֺһֱںţֱ˹԰֣֮ݺϳˣŴ·һ
һҪˣҲ֪ôˣһְֳ˸ӵƣڵס
ܲãæ˵㣬Ů˵ʶңҪ֡
ŲĻɫӲˡ
˴һӣ̧ͷѾԶˣһƿ֣ˣˣˡ
Һû֣֮ɲǺ뿴СУӰ顣
ֺһȥ
ΪȻ
үүˡ
һ䣬ŵתֺ档
ֵĳͣڹ԰ǰһڣԿųģҲû
ϳ͵طߣҪжԼϵİȫԼС
һ·ϷɳҺезʶûдƣȻġ
Сʱ·Ӳһ룬ңѾˣ˱еγģΪûˣû뵽һ쭳¸Ϥĸо
³ʱֻһӵۣû
ޣС˵һŮ˵
ڵ˶С
ŶϣүӲڼңӦǳȥˡ
ȥϴ軻·ʱ̿Ҫ÷ˣȥүӻԷ
轨ȥμӻˣ⼸춼ڼңҾˡ


36
̫ѾɽˣǴһñӳȥ
үӺһүү壬ϴǸܵүү塣
үүүҸλһվžʹһ߿
ܿһģ̫£Ӯܿġ
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뷨үһۿ˵͸ӵˣˣСѾˣҲڹѧڻûСأ
СûϷˡ
ү˵ĺò⣬ҲܶԷ᲻ᱻʱ⼫ˡ
ֱֲ𣺡ÿһҼǸ˵˵ģϵǶȲѧƽʱҲԼҵ׬ǮһҲ١ôҪҪһ£
ΪСӽ£ʮһŮҲûУϲˡ
ȻʱˣϲҲԣȡ⣬Ҳûߵк˼
Щ˼үү׼ȶ飬ٿЩ顣
֪ô˵ˣԷһο
үӿΪСᵽǰ棺˵ʲôأϲ˭һͷӲܺԼͿˣĲܣµģ
үӺתЦ𣺡ǸС𰡣пҼС㣬˳ȥ̤̤֣࣬·ɢɢģҲǶҪȷĿģ͵ʶˣཻһ
ɴӦõģүү
ͷĻҲȫˣ˵ĻҲȫԣܶԼͺá˵Ƴһүӣ̧߰ͷˡ
ƣһͳܣҲϰˡ
үү˵ĺܺÿǶȲϳˣǺѵôÿ
үүүү˵ôÿ


37
үּСˣʶͲ˵뵽ּСӵȷǳòԸҲڴʱеš
һ**ֵӣ̫ˣһСǸ㲻ġ
ʲôС̫ˣ쿴ŻУСӵĳ̫Ůӻӭ
̫С
ش𣺡ûУǸͷϲ飬СҲ̫һˣʾΪע㲻Ҫϵ
ŲͷԸ
ŶʵүүҲ˵˵ѣûҪүү
ɵˣںòҳһƳǾҪһֱΪ
үӵǺܿ˵СԼжϵģҺѾϲˡ
ص֣үһ
ϣүò֣Ҽǵ껹ûɣҽһ̣Ůǹرÿ֪£󷽣ѡʱ˼һ档
ֿͣ棬̧ͷûգ˾̫࣬ʱѲȲȥ˰ɡ
үֱӷ꣬˵ȥȥ
ĺðϷˣȥͲԷ
Ȼ񲻳һҲû£˼ˣӹǽʣɲǲеġ
轨У֣ܹүӱġ
ҲϴСˣôԣһϲĹҲûУȥ㰢̵ŮҲȥȥ¶𣿡
үӹӣ֣㿴㣬ԼмǮͻƵأΪΪΪʵ̫ʧˣȥҪڵ𣿡
Խ˵Խ
Ц֪үǹ˵ģҾΪ˵õԼȷ
ò˵ϵ
ַҲԲˣүүǲɣҲҪˡ
Īǹһڷﲻϲ¡
ү˵𳶿⣬˵ľ㣬ɻء
ֻ˵ʱô飬һᣬ˾ֶ࣬˵ɡ
ţ뿼Щ⡣
үӿɲͬ⣺УҪȥҲǸŮҲ
Ҳǹ˾ˣҪԶţСȥһ棬˵
үֱİˣҲûа취ܵȥӦһˡ
轨жܷүӵľ־͸ˡ


38
үȥһΪ˵ٵģǿͷ˵˵ģǺ֤ˡ
һ̼ҵŮҪ֡
ĵطڼУȻ𻹲֪
үӵٶȺܿ죬ڶͿǸŮڲϡ
һۿȥ֪ţ󷽡
Էү˵Цģˣ߶¶һõЦݣλСɣü겻ԽÿˣƯ
ʶԼ
ЩˣһӡûУ
Ҷˣżԣ㶼СʱſңôǵáЦӯӯ˵ˮ㰡ǰһϹѧҳˣ˵еӡ𣿡
ţ˵ӡʵûж٣ǰɣΪղҪȵΣæͷϣˣˮ㣬ԽԽƯˣǺСʱһ
˵ǻģ㳶䡣
𣬺СʱһŶˣôѽûлؼ𣿡
ˮûֵӰЩʧ˺ܾˣһعͳˡ
ûǰкʼү˵Լһʱ䣬ͻȻǴүүڼҵġ
￴ʧɵЩ棬ϲ֣
ûͻؼˣڹ˯ˮȵһүӵԱߣүӳüŪۡ
ѽҵĽźŤˣСȥһ¡\
үӹŽţ˵
̫ˣ
үݼԣˮææүүҪɣҲû¡
үһɫ˵ȻԣǿˣŴӹͣܶ֡
ˮæ˵ûϵүүҡ
үӰ֣вУţСӾҪˣһԷСҾС
һݷӣˮҲû취ֻŵˡ
ֿҪˣͲ̫үӵĻˣүүǰԼ
үקˣɵΪദʲôӶó
鷿̲סʣүү粻ϲ㻹ϣһô죿
ܿ϶ǵ֣ݺˣǳ֡
ȻһԳƵǻƽˣȥ԰أΪ˿֣ݺǸ˵ⲻĶˣִˡ
үҲҡҡͷɲүүҵ⣬ʱС϶ǵˣˮ㣬Сϲ֣˾Ͳ̫ϵˣҿˣǻϲ֡
кϷ˹ſСӵĺϷôڵȵˡ
үͯһ̬ΪҲſֵĺϷ
˶һ
ദʱ䣬үӳȥʱˮǺ۾ֿˣ˵дÿˣˡ
浹үӺúðοһˮƣȥ
ҲԼĹԢ׼ţͻȻһֵֻסˡ
֮ͷĿģôˣ
е£ðôһϷܲ
֣ĩϢͻȻð
֮ؿţаɣҲûϵɵӣ
ƽʱ˺Ҳôɵ⼸ɵȥ֣ݺͣȻһ˱һ
ദô꣬үү޲ڵôǵã
ŵ˾֣
֮ǰϲԼģ̫ˡ
˼ҿǻϲûѪԵϵĸ簡
֮˵УҪҹܲţԼŰ졣
ˣ˿ɲ򵥣ץԼõģõͬѧҲһˡ
Ҫǿ֮ǰɵù£ԼԼ
֮˵Լɵ̲ˣոջͱ˶סһֱ˵ɵ֮࣬Ͳ˽ˣ˵ͽˣˣ
׼ߣ˫ſ֮ǰ֮俴Ҳ˵֪ǼȲͷˡ
ңʲôʸ񰡣˵ҿв
вĻû
ֹвжɣ
֮ԳһЦԶԣ˵Ķԣв\
\˰ɣɷ⣿ÿҪȥ˯
ھԼвȻôѵ뷨
Ů˼ֱľɵˡ
֮ס𣬳һ磬Źʧ


39
֮ˣԼſڣʲô鵼ı֣
ֻһңȻֻˡ
ȫʲôҲûӲҵˣӵ
Ȼ򣬺ͻȻ뵽ʲô
ĪǺ֣ݺйϵ
֣֮ݺͲãž棿
뵽ûŽȥҲ顣
ʲôҲȴǵֺ֮׷Ϊ֣ݺͳͷŮ⻷ȻǸǵģķΧҲ̫ˡ
̾һԵɳϣʲôҲȥ롣
֣֮ݺЩ飬ĹܲҲܣɡ
ʼһЩãϰ˷֮ڲãܹ˼Լһжˡ
ݵĩϿΣоǿ顣
ںͼݿĸоϲ
κֱӻؼңΪ⼸춼Щ֣ݺԶһЩˣ֣ݺˡ
ǴӶĸоǴԼĽǶȳΪȽǡ
֮䣬λʺϹӴ
Ƕϲ֣ݺͣԺᾭԴ׵ģǲҪϺˡ
Щϧ֮ȻƢǷ⣬ʵǳڣû취ע⵽
ϾǿʱȻʲôչҲҲҪ˳ˡ
ǿᣬԺô죿ѵһͲˣУ⻹޷ġ
һһҡͷУ԰·ߣһ˲ﾹȻһЩ¾õͷ
ǱղŸ˼Ʒ¿εʦȾˡ
ǸʦǸʿһƤĺӣһϹ
˵̬˶ĽΪЩ˶ҪĶԸ䣬ֻؼǻа顣
Ϊӡ̵ǸƤڳµĶӣʵǸȡ
ЦЦ̫ɽһߵĻԱߣͷŵϵһȦת
ϻǺȤģȻΧһȦȦתƣӦǱĳζ˰ɡ
Լܾúܾãֱ绰˼
˵绰һ֣ݺ͡
СҽԺһ𣿡


40
ӵ֣ݺ͵ĵ绰ȥҽԺ
ڵ绰֣ݺڿޣӦǷһЩ飬ϣû¾ͺá
ѧУҽԺԶʮӾ͵ˣǮ³ֱȥ
ǰ̨˵ûˣŷԼ̫ˣֻܴ绰֣ݺ
֣ݺ˵ڶ¥ߣֱ¥
ʱǰҲͦģǵˡ
֣ݺһѧۣһĹĵģ滹顣ʱͷɥźֻ
ߵԱһݺͣ㻹ðɣû°ɣ
֣ݺû˿һ⣬ΪǷʲôõ飬Һû£ȻֿҪˡ
Ϊʲôôࣿ
û£
ʵʱҲ֪ԼΪʲô룬Ǻܶʱ뷨ðˡȻŲҪȥһЩ飬ʱǿƲסġ
֣ݺͿ˿еĺ룬źüˣһȥ
ע⵽ǸƣŮ
֣ݺЩԿڣǸ˵ˣСһˣǸİ˵ģҲҪ
˵ŻѾ˿ǻǼס޳ñ֪
һ㶣Ϊ²ᷢԭǷˡ
֣ݺͻˡ
һ鶼ķȥ֮ǰعһǺǲͬġ
㣬þ𣿡ʡ
֮˵Ϊ֪Ҫ飬֣ݺͲҪһֱע֣ݺ͵֪ģֹġ
֣ݺҡͷҲ룬ֿЦ˭֪Ӹ˵ҲһӣôһСûû˼ֻ򵥵ġ
û뵽ôۣϲ֮֮⣬򵥵ʱȴֿƲסԼܴžġ
ʲô顢øУٵģ
֮ǰһֱ׷ǸˣһԼŮˡ˵ɣ޷԰Σ
ǮˣôȱŮأ
ν鶼Ǽٵģʲô鶼һԸҺǸûʲôõӡ󣬲Ȼ϶Ǳһ
֣ݺЩʶӣǾɥķ
һֺƴãھĸо
Ӽᶨ˴ľģСҲҪ
֣ݺ˵Ҳûа취ܹԤɣʱҲǾٵȵȿ
֣ݺš
˾͵֣ݺͣץֲеˡ
û˵ܿվһȥ
ʶ棬־Ȼû
һ֣ݺͳˣе⣬Ǻһġ
֣ݺǲԸҲûɫ
ߣֻ˵һ־ߣ¥뱧֣ݺ̬ͣȺƶǿơ
Χ˶ͶĿ⣬ֲ֣ݺ͵ԽӲˡ
뵽ǸСֻڶ飬һ벻ͨҲû˵¸йϵ
ˣ֣ؼ˵𣿡غһ䡣
ñ֪ˣ˳ģί
֣ݺԸӽӲǲΪ˵Ļ
˳ȥȻ˵ţŲҪ
ҽԺһˡ
˹ԢɳʬװֻҲûжҲֻ֪룬ҺҺãеҡ
鶼֪ķչ
͸֣֮ݺ͵Ľ׶ˡ
ֻϣҪǣȥУ˻ˮôò͵ģܶԶ֮Ϊϲߡ
˵㶫ԣճ΢žյһ΢ţǰһŮֽй֦ģŮ˺ܺá
ģϲˡ
ûпգ˵һְƼ
һȥҽ̡
֦˵ǸСѧģСѧϲֱ̭ˣҳοðæƼˡ
СѧཱུģƢ龫ʱ뵽ǰ
ʱڽ䣬Ǹ䶼ǰˣΧĿˣָоֻ֦ϸܵ
뵽˵ܶԸǸСأ
룬̫ˣʳǣݣ̫ڰˣʲôҲ
ȥҽҲС
ǸСѧǾ˵Ҳţȥһ
΢ϻ˹֦˵ԡ
֮Էַ͵绰
طǲԶҲڳġ
˵ӾҪȥˣһȽʽһװѾúܺˡڻױʲôģ뻹˰ɣ֢ˡ
ǸŮͬѧȥ˵ط֪ԭطԱʮײС̫ˡ
Ҫ󸨵һŮˣƤ𪱣õһ֪֡
Ů˳úᣬ˵Ҳºͣһּദĸо
˵ԼҺӵ˵һЩܻᷢ飬ȥһ¡
˵ˣΣҪġ
ЦӦ£λǸܺӵ裬趼󷽣ܲȥ
ȻˣһСʱˡ
ΪǽһЩѰ֪ʶû뵽жද֢ˣע׼УǻᱻС
˵һЩСССƺҲöļලµԸдһЩҵˣֻ˵Ч΢
Ϊ´ȥˣû뵽Ǹ˵Ҫˡ
ϣôҲû뵽ģǽ̲𣿾ȻҪ


41
˼ҽ̹û£һЩ߰Ķˡ
ҲܻؼңǾͻһӶزȥˡ
Щпܣ鶼̫˵ˡ
СдҵҪȥģ;С˵æС˾˼ң˵ûտӦˡ
һԷֻĵַСľ˾˾ȻͬһСҲ̫ˣû·ľܵˡ
˳ؼˡ
СţǸʮֻõԸ񣬶ද֢עУʼ軹ҩھǹ⿿һЩİ취ע
Ҫһʮĵʦպʺϡ
ûУⷽʮʮġ
ߵһ·̣СҪȥʳԣоԱߣһȥ
żһӲǣԵĶǴõģԵʱǵһγԵˡ
ӲĿţЦ֡
ȹ̵ƣ߸Ӿ͵ˡ
ȻͬһС
ֻͶԷϵԷ˵Ѿ¥µˡ
˳ŶԷ˵ķȥȻһ߸ߵˣС˵֮˾ˣǽͻؼˡ
ؽ㣬Ҫһȥ˾˼ҰɣҺǺϤ˵һǣﻹһţóؽ㡣
ûۿıһǡ
ллȥɣ㿴˾˹ˡ
Ѿˣ
С˵Żһ̧ͷȥˡ
ôеϤ
һֺϤĸо
߽ŷϤΪ˾֮þûпˣһʱˡ
ѵ֮ľ˾ˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣû뵽ֻǴʹйϵ
áǧҪйϵ
ͻȻС֮𣿡
֮
԰ҽ֮׽㣬̫ˣҺ治Ǹ𣿡
֮һ׽ĽѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
𳹵ˣºã֮֮ľ˾ˣ벻ϵ
ʼ֮ʱҽ֮ܽĴû뵽ҪʣȻ˵Ҳϡ
֪֮һ֮ϵġ
֮һĿᣬһпɵĺɫ·ͷҲȽ룬Ϊ˼İԹһ£ˡ
νԩ·խۺ졣
ޣͷЩ뷨
֮ȻϵĲãҲﲻ˵ĵز࿴ɡ
֮
֮һתͷ
Ǹѧﺬʡ
ڻ
Ҳûǰ֮˾˰ɣѾ͵ˣտˡ
Ĳ֮ˣСƢ**ζ
˿ϱӾǵţʺϼ档
֮æ˵˾ˣôؽôװ
ָһǸʾοؽ㲻Ҫģ˾ǳҩˡ
ֻЦ֮һ˵ûһƽʱӣôһ
ţô֮ǰЦأ
ţܰɣȥɣҪˣ¸ټŶ˵
֮˫ַŶһνӡ
˵Ͷ֮˵һᣬһᣬ̫޷ӡ
Ů˶ôƱ𣿾Ȼ˵ʱͱ˼ȥģ˴۽硣
֮֮˾´㣬ؽŮӰкӾҪһЩŮӣ㵽ǲˣôС
ʹʹʹ˾Ҵˣ
֮ջصͷ֣赭дģ´ηϻҪô࣬Ķ˵ģл
֮
֮Ŷһ֮Ǹ˵ټ
֮˲ŲŽȥϵݣʱеصϴϢȻһڡ
һȥˡ
ߵʱַϢȥ֣ݺͣ˼Ҫ˵˵Ҫƣ˵Թ׼ãСʱ͵
еˣôеʱҲܱİ
֮ǰһֱ֣ݺͶ־ܾл˵Ȼܷ
ʰ¾ͳˣʲôҲûþʹֻ
ʵöʮӾ͵ˣϳߡ
סĵطƫһ㣬ǻãһͲѰסġ
ǸСԢͱȲϣ̫Զˡ


42
ȥڵıһȥ֪Ǻܸߴ֣Ǯ˼Ҳסȥĵط
Բ˵ʱ˼ǮʱĽҲһСЩļʰ
һ·Ҳûô˵ɫ̫ÿӦû֣ݺǰõãſ϶ܴˡ
֣ݺԭҪȥӵģû׼šҲ֪ĺֵģ֪˵
ҩҲˣȻ޼£Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ֽȥȻȲô󣬵ҲһСˣڿװ϶ʮּԼȴ͸ŸĴ׼˵ġ
רΪ֣ݺ׼ģҲнݲؽĵط
˵ˣ˵˵ơ
˵꣬ųˡ
һοų뿪Լתȥ
ռܴ󣬶Ҳûˣһչ֣ݺ͵İڣ˵֣ݺ¥ϣȥ
֣ݺڵķ䣬Ǵ淴ŵģɿ֣ݺǲģȻҲˡ
𶼿⣬ֵ׷֮·ôƽ͵ģҲǾʲôʱ֣ݺͻӦˡ
׷·
̧ţһӦûУ֣ݺӦð𵱳ˣųݺͣ𣿡
һ飬ŲŴһɶ
֣ݺһɵ·̽ͷǲ𣬵һᶼȦˡ
Сô֪ûɣǹطһһԱˡ
Դ֪ǸֵϵˣˣĺӻǶԷġ
ӣȥ顣
ϲ֮Եˣ
֣ݺȥţ氢ţǰ˵֣ݺ⼸춼Եĺ٣ӦöԼͣȻԶĺӲá
ǿ˶Ȱ֣ݺٳһ㣬ҲȷˣԶֻǵûθڣԶѡ
ڿи˵ҲܳһЩ
˵ڶԶĺҲ˸飬̫ġ
Ĳ֪ôˡ
СӦø̹׵ģʶֵġ˵Ҳ֪ǴԺֻҪҼ϶ʵ㣬Ҳ˼
Ҳ˵ǲţҾҪ˳ȻҲ֡
֪ǻģⷽ棬ҪǸ
֣ݺ￴𣬻Ϊǿģ벻𻹺ϵԭ˼ҡ
ӦþǸûѪԵϵĸˡ
֮ǰʶֵġ
㡭֣ݺͿЦһ˵ЩʲôãܽҷųȥҲˡ
ȥҪˡ
Ĭһ£˵Ȼϵĸ磬Һϵ̫ãҲô˵
ҳȥ˵һ£֪вС̫ˣ֮ǰһֱ㣬һֱֶҲ࣬ͬ⣬ûа취ġ
֣ݺͻȻץֱۣиĸɣ϶Ҳʶȥ˵ʵڲУҾͱҺûʲôϵ
Ƿģ
˵еƫЪ˹Ҳ̫á
ʼҲڸ֣ݺ˵˼仰ͷ˶ˣ֣ݺ;е㲻Ծƺе㼬֡
֮ǰ֣ݺ˵ʱȫûƵ֣ݺ͵Ըʮֿʺͻãһʮˡ
Դְߺٺ˵ͷƺе仯ˡ
ܲµΪʲôֻˡ
 Ȳѡ
֣ݺһղˣֻҪ뿪ҼȻû󸻴󣬵һѾ㹻ˣҲУؼأ
綼ֻһˣȫİ磬ѾˣôҪңҲΪһߣҲ룡
ǻһ˴֣ݺ͵Ļ֮⣬𿴹ǱС˵֪ġ
֣ݺǸԽߣ磬߰మ
ȻǼ仰ܸ飬Ҳô׵ġ
֣ݺ͵Ľɫ趨ϲ֮׷ϣǰ֮ûǰ֣ݺ֪ԼеʱѾǴ򲻵״̬ˣûô硣
ԭ趨һЩʵ΢ı仯һı켣Ůĸÿ
ҲãȻΪⱾͺ޹أֻһԹߡ
֣ݺͿʼץڿ˵ԼſڴϴޣѾȫˡ


43
֪γο֣ݺͣһֱĬţǲ˵̼֣ݺˡ
ʵ;Ǻܺã˹ţǻ˼ģο֣ݺûͬ˺ദһ˴ţǿ϶ϲ˵ġ
ȥ֣ݺˮһžͿǸ͵æСû°ɡ
֪ôشôûأ
鲻˵
ðȥˮԼվţ֣ݺ͵Ŀܴ洫
ˮýȥ֣ݺͺȣҲӣǿܣͷԱߣһߣޡ
ο˵Ļ̫ˡ
ԲҲܰﵽ㡣
֣ݺͻһţҲš
һʱ֮䰲οúܣڵϵü
˴ʮӣű򿪣һż֣ݺͺϵż֮ɫڲһνӡ
ͦģͷװװģ׷᳡
ɫ֣ݺʹüˣȻ֪֣ݺͱȡ֣϶ǰŭתƵˡ
ڿŵ֣ݺͺķҲſ֣Ϊܿ϶ģҷŲˡ
ʵķǵġ
кӣһ˵壬ȥá
ġ
ֳ֣ݺͣѾԾȥˡ
Զ𣿡뵽֣ݺ;ûԶ
֣ݺͳЩ̰ˣֲ֪
ֵᣬִų磬Ծû˿⣬ƽʱ֣ݺ˵ģ֣ݺûзֵģȻҲԷָᡣ
֣ݺֽʱͽˣֻǰͷϥϣҲ֣ȫ
¥ţ˶ʮӲſ¥
ʮˣֱӻȥˣΪ֣ݺ͵飬˵һ£Ͼǵȷˡ
ش
ƣڶɳϣصɳϡ
ǵԴ񻹴Ϊ֣ȻƣС
Ȼûʲô˵⻰Ҿã̫ˣֱ˵ˣҲˡ
ΪʲôȻĺӣɵģɡ
ҪҪ˵Ȩ൱ڵõˣȴòģһֱȥҲܲסôһˣһƷҪ
˵û˿飬Ҳ˼ֵν档
Ϊڵ֣ݺ˵ľ״̬Ǻܺá
ֲһԣǳ˵Ļģ̷֣֣ݺһȥӵġ
ĺӰһԥһŮԺİ£˲ĸԸģ෴൱صִ
ľ״̬ԣӦÿóӦϲֻõһɣ㿴ڣȫûǰɷ˵ȴ򳵻ȥˡ
У鲻˽ģһԸģȨƺͲƸѹˡ
ҪûүЩǰµĽɽ˵ǸҪŬܶСأ
ֱ뿪Ҳ˵֪ȥһ㡣
ʮӺСǮ³ʱʮһ֡
ϵģֵûмˣһ·ϵҹлǺֵģеĵƺ̣ҹŸոտʼ
һ紵Щǳȹ¶ףһ׵Ь߽ȥ
һɿ߹ǰ棬òÿһ¡
ͣСǰһ룬ģ˴źɫѼñϰҲǺɫ¡
ȽȥűһҲ뿴ȱµ˭һǹģӦǲˡ
Ϊ
ݻϣû׺ֱˣ֮һڴ߽
վԱߣԶһЩؿ֡
⼸춼ûк֮˵뵽֣ݺͣг֮;ң֣ݺͻ׷֮
˾˵迴ֻתע
һ߳ȥŹš
֮Ӻ߳
صҿƣŵһֵζŻһûжشҪζˡ
ʰһ£ȥ
һ·ϻû˵ģӽˣеĶˣҲûȥˣ֮ǰ͵ʳҲûˡ
뵽СſһС̵꣬ȥ㶫ԣ·⡣
С̵껹ţһ˺һѹ棬ˡ
߿ֻ·ܾòԾͻȻͷֵϲֹһ˵Ӱӣصĵطһ˵Ӱӣˣ
ʱѾʮһʮһˣСӵľ룬һ˶ûУ
װֻµĲڼӿ졣
۾бǰ棬Էľʼձֲ䡣
ŶЩֹסĶĬĬŻӡ
ӰΣۿҪսѾҪˡ
ͻȻ̶ĳһ۵Ĺֱֱ
һ͵ͣ档
֮һץ𣺡ô˻й䣬֣ߣȥˡ
ߣֽűڼ˿û˼ɵɵ˳


44
͸ȥͣԭһųߵķݣñӺͿָסȫֻ¶һ۾
ɿʻ룬ŽعϻŲ˺͹棬ģԱŵˡ
ϳ֮һ߿һ˵ڸ˻᣿
δɵˣΣҲܣɵɵվšطƾð˾
Ǵˣ
ͷϵĶһ仰Ҳ˵
ɵˣʮ·̵ǰͣס֮ʼտǰ棬ҲԣĸߵŮôῴˣֻѰɣ
֮ŷ̺Ͳ˵ţʮֲѺá
Ļ̶ܴ˺ܲ
һֱû˵֮ŭ޻ϣˡ
飬ôˣ
вɣ
˵һ·ͷ֮Ҳ˵ˣһֱʮʱ˵ط
һľ¥賿ʱ֡
֮ѳͣڵͣȥٰԿ
Ҳ˵ԼԼ·һϵͻȻ־һˣӰҲ
֮æųȥ߻ͣȻվԭء
òһҪ˵ĳ嶯
ɵˣ
еĶûлǵͷ
֮챻ˣ˾İɣˣɵɵصţ첻Ǻõˣɵģܲˡ
קݣҲǵͷеĶ
֮һαһҪǶˡ
¥ᣬкܶˣŮеĴŮ顣
֮ȥʱקȥģŴװŹ߲ˣҶһ뿴
һʱ֮ǰ˶˵ǰĻͻأӰˡ
֮ͷſѰһλ£˱ƾ࣬ɼòᡣ
Ҷŵģվŵۡ
Ҷúֵ۹⿴𣬴ʱҲվţǵͷ̫ˣ̧ͷ˶ҲЩˡ
ûӣתͳߡ
ǰŸո̤ᣬҶˣ׷֮ƯŮ˭ǲ½Ů顣
֮ڶƻû꣬ţɫ̫ÿ
ߣ
ãߣٶ£ʱͲ󣿺α˷һִŮϣ
֮ҹһŮͷ𣿡
԰㿴ôƯһ˲⣬ǾΣˣ
̫ˣ˼һŮһҲ֪ϧ
˵治ȫиǳ֡
֮ϾͳȥˣΧ˺Цˡ
ʱܲֱеʹӿһ£ֱе죬קʹˡ
ĶͰ֪Ϊһӵ
ĬĬţӲᡣ
һȺ˽߿塣
𲻹ܣԹ߳ȥҲû˵壬ؼˡ
ȥһ⳵ߣҲû飬̫ƣˣû˼֮᲻׷֮ࡣ
ǰߣ֮׷ˣʱѾӰˡ
֮ĴûӰ뵽ոշ飬Щ˵Ļòġ
ŮˣԼˣƢ
ԼˣȻƢ
֮û취ȻʶˣûϵʽҲ֪Щ֪ļϢһҲ֪
ںˣҲҲˣķ
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ٶȺܿ죬ûþ͵С¥ߵ·ԣڳȡ
Ȼûʮӣ˾͵ˡ
ǳĽޣʮӺ
ֱֱȥ֮ߵĳҲûӦû
Ҫ߹ȥˣ֮סˣȥǰ
ͦ󣬡֮䳰ȷҪһδ̼
ԼһܻĴҩɾˡ
̧ۿ֮޹أ
㡭ֱ֮ˣ޲ôһ٣ŮĻ
޺˵Ļôᡣ
ţʲô˵һ飿
ٸ˵һ䣬ÿ
Բ
˵
֮ǺܸмģձŸ䳰һ٣ôǰڸÿ
Ų
˵޹أ߿ˣĲ˵һ顣
֮һŵЦãããһ˵֣ɼòˣС㣬ԭôİ
ĬȻԶԣ԰֪ˣˣҲ뿴㡣
˵ֱӽȥϵݣȫ̲֮
֮վںըˣ޲һ٣
û
Ȼ֮һֱģ·ʲô飬һֱںš
Ҳˣ췢̫飬֣ݺ͵飬ӣӣһǸˣһ֮Īط衣
һ춼ǿΣ˯ʹࡣ
˯ȥ˺üӡ
ȻǺʹģΪ˯˯ز㣬ˣһһЩףȥѧУˡ
뵽һĿγ̣ͺۡ
ʵû̿Σǿ̫̣̫࣬鷳ˣҪԺ쵼ͬ⡣
̫鷳ѡΡ
ҵʱо˶ڿӦԼĴҲû⣬һλñ顣
ǿ飬ʵǻ˯û
ϴεʱ򻹺ãרҵεʱΪֹʦ飬εġ
Ŀγ̣Ԥҿս˯һ
¿ں뿪ǴΣոջһʦռϢ
һڿξдǼ֣ʲôҲû˯һ磬̫Ƿˡ
ҵʱֻͻȻˣİʾ
ͬѧãǸոպ˼εĵ20ͬѧ㳤úƯǸң֪û˽ʶһ¡
žһѣǸ׵ġ
𵱳ѣվ·һ
׵ģ
һ顣
ǸǸʱ̸Ǹ£Ȳ˰ŵ绰ƣֲʶڰɡ
úÿ
Ҳûúܺÿģðɣ⸱㲻վӣҪǳʲôˡ
Լӡ󣬻ͣǰ
껻ˣȴ
ɱϲϵȴǺûжĹϵˣϲֲֻһƤҶѣʲôÿġ
ȥԶʱ½ӵ˼Ƶĵ绰ЦãƤǵĻǰǸƽƽӣôûϲأ
Ȼ绹ǿġ
ΪԼԾֱӰֻرճɾȻỹҪϢһᡣ
϶ǸոдϢʱϵʽ棬ʹȥˣǡøЩ˿ĵ绰Ҫˡ
ûÿģķ
ֻǲϲˡ


45
пΣڿϢˣۼˣȥ
״̬ã·ϻ±ײ·ٶʮνһ硣
оջصңȥϴ˯ˡ
˯ѾǵڶˣЩ˲ȥѧУ
µݵʱ֮ڿȷǾ
˵лл
룬ʱ̫ˡ
֮Ҳ̫˰ɣȻﻹҪ˵һЩôݶĻ˲ˣ
ÿΪ֣ݺ֮ͣ⣬ĳ̶ȳԽԼ
ΣҪ֮޵ģ³嶯ŭ˵һллҲǿԵġ
Ҫͣʹסܳ£氲οԼȻİο̫ǿˡ
֮ڵɿ˵˾䣺лл
ллƮƮģû̫֮һǰ·û˵һ
Ŀ˾Ȼ裡
һѪЩ˳ո˵ʲô˼Ҷû
˵ˡ
û취ۿҪˣֻ֮ļָָ䡣
֮Īͷ·ڿһһ
ûժ¶
£
˵üʡ
֮ƿߣ뿴Ĵӣѵһ˵Ҳ
ݵһ¥û£֮Ҳû¡
ˣ֮Ҫȥһ¥֮ͣɵɵţҲûѣҪŮҪʲô
첻ǻأ㲻ˡ
ΪЩ˺ݺȡЦöأڴŮ˵ˡ
û£ǻ̫ùˣҶǸйأԺٺϵΪá
ۿٲ˵֮ҪˣæסιǸ飬ллˣ
֮ҪǸģ͵Ӧһ£ˡ
˵ʲô֮ͣסŲתһؿű˴ͷŮڸ˵𣿡
ڵǸϡ˸ˣһĲⲻȫķܵǸðɣǵһΡ
ǣܣû⣬ġ


46
ԼЦأ˵˭˵
ſ˵
΢̧ͷ֮ƽӣȻˣû֮߱һͷûȡ
԰ҾڸǸ㲻𣿡еֱ׳
Ǹ˻ô㣬֮ͷһμ˵ˣӵĴŮҲٰƫƫˣ겻
԰Ҳܣ֮ģ˵˻ȥ
Ҫ䣬͸ղ֮ˣ
ۣ֮Ļشҭסˣ侲ֵȷûе
ſˣ֮˳ȥϣΣðǸˡ
ȻţԼˣܸоԼǷ֮һЩʲô̫ˡ
ϵصǸ
Ǹ֤ϻ
ѡˡ
ۿ֮Ҫȥˣٲ˵Ҫˣæǰ棺һ£ȱߣ˵껰ȡ
֮վſ˵ʲô
֮ЩΪ飬Ͼ֮ǰһֱԵģ֮˵ϣллˣϵǸͻȻ֣һӲ֮ллˣ
ǸҲʵģ⵹ʮʮˣҲٺ֮
֮һ濴벻˵Ļ̫ˡ
Ȼ䣬ˣټ
˵Ǹ㻹óⲻĻ´Է˰ɣ
˵ͺˣԶҲ̫û˰ɡ
֮Ĺϵ˵ҲΣ˵Щ֡磬֮ǰܲڲԼʵƢֽ֮Դ͵˾͸ˣֱǱɫݡ
֮ܶ˶Ǳɫݡ
ͻ룬Աϧˡ
뷨ҲֻһʧˣܶʱԶ󿪣ƲסԼȥġ
֮˵ֻ˵ι㲻ỹܰɣҪٲҲû취ˣĵߣһ޵˰
Ҳֻһˡ
֮Ц滹װһɽ¶ˮģһޱĻˣһûͬͬĵĻˣ
֮ûлӦѾҪˣԸβļһʵ޼ƿʩˡ
ƲƲ죬ŵȥ»ȥѧأûôʱȥ
𿴿ʱ䣬˵ҪϿΣߵʮˣ߹ȥһҪʮӣ˵Ҫء
ɵüӿ˲
û߳ͱͻȻסתʱվȡ
֮вɣ
뷢𣬾׵Ц
ðɣΪѽĵǸȥѧУˣϳ
֮˵껹򿪳ţһʿľٶϱֳ
˹ۣе㻳̫߳ˣǵ³⣬̫ʲôĸӼˡ
֮üôҽĵǸ
عæҡͷֵģûûҽܣ롣ϳðȫģҪɾжɣ̫һˡ
֮Ҳǵһμʾϡ棬ûб֡غźٿϳ
ϣҹģȥΪʲôãȥû£Ů˵ˣƯŮСȻȫָߣɲ档
Ϊס˻϶ǮˣѧвƯŮһЩĻ˾Ͷ
֮ǰסʱ򻹷һЩǺܺõ飬ⶼס֪شĳǵλúãʱһЩҲû֪ϵҲ˺ܶ࣬廹㰲ȫһƯֵŮ˵Σա
ʵ˵̫ûдˣҳȥһ㶫ӡ
֮Ͱ֮ǰ˵һ£սľģ֪Ϊʲô֮Էֱ˼ȥˡ
ԭҲһܰȫĵطҲǣûһطһٷְȫģ⻹ҪˣԼ̫ˣ񾭴˼еʱĲǺܺá
֮ϿͲ˾ʹŲµˣֻ̫ţҪȷһ£û뵽ġ
ԶԣһŮ֪ܳһ
´ϳȥңֹ飬˵һɫһγûĿǰûȷ˵˭û²Ҫȥȥ
ȻǷҲȫ̫ƽʢŮȺ˵ǡ


47
֮ٴη飬ڣİȫϾһŮҲͦѵģдϳȥǺΣյġ
˵ˡ
벻֮Լ˵ģƺ֮仹ŹģûĻ
ǰһ˻ˮݵ״̬һ̾Ǳ˺һ
ɷϵȻеж
ŶõллˡȻ˵ţ´δ˶ڵóȥˣҪϳȥأ
ҪǾ鷳̫֮ɶˣôСϲˣ͵ԴΪ
֮÷ܣҲֻ֪һ˵Ļ棬ѾˣɷһԼȳ׷Ȼ˵㻰ˡ
ˣҵΪǸŵ˵ĵûôˡ
ҪȥǼСѾ۲͵ģʱҲϣû뵽·Ͽһ˸˳Ҳȥ
ʵǸ˸ΪһĻȫԤϵԲһĻҲǺܺãȻԤ벻̬ȸá
֪ǻǱɵˣƻزֱʣȻܺˡ
֮Ųǹҡ
ʼ֪ϲǸûѪԵϵĸ磬̫Ѫˡ
ԲǶ˼ôһŮ˼أ
Բǣ
𿴵Աߵ֮ǰһҡͷģ΢ͺܷܿ¹ʣСﰡ
æѣ߷ڣܶ࣬㿪ţСһΪðɣ
Ǿίѣðɡ
ֻ֮ǱԼĳ뷨һʻģûע⵽ҡͷķȴ˵㱻𿴵ˣΪ
Լļģ֤ȫ
ҲǺѣҲͲƽˡ
֪ιҸոյǸˣǲǻû̬֮˵ЩˣʵǸַµ̬ȼֱ֮ȻһʾûС
Ҳ̫ϳ˰ɡ
Ŷһ˵ԵģĺܲãУ֪֪Լܶ࣬Ƕʲôˣ˵ϲ档ȻΪͬѧ㲻һܺദˣҲ˵һͳϺõˣһҪлҡ
⸱ȻģžϰˣҲӦˡ
ڵ棬Ǿͻģ֮ǰǲܽκεķԸΪġ
֮ллЩϾ㳶ƽ˵ҪҳԷĳŵɲϣ
һҪһĵǸɣǲǺܸж
˵⻰Ҳ̫Ƥˣⷽû֮ȣġ
ȻͳԷĻ˵ȥˣȻҪԵǰ£ȷڡ
ȻھеҪ Լ̫嶯ˣ˵ʲôͰҪѪˡ
֮ԵĶ϶Ǻƽһģ̫ˣԴϴγʳһֱʵ̫óˣҲжɣ
ڶûõҪȥԶܱԼĳ⡣
ǰ̫жˣлִ٣ʵǸж£ʤмʤмԲĵ˵š
֮ĲʺƤСأ
סСǺɺѧУҲǺԶƽ·ȥģ֮˳糵ûһӾ͵ˣֻǼӵľѡ
˵֮Ҳ̫ݳ̫ˣȻѳѧУֱͨϿνѧ¥ĵͣ
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о仰˵ǮʹĥּҵǺܴģͺƺ֣ݺôֵġ
Ƚϣ֮ҪգҪвţҪвƣһǱȲֵģӦûаɡ벻
С˵˵֣ݺѡ֣ʹ֮׷ع֣ݺҲΪʱѾˣȻ֮꼻һֵǰˡ
ڿˣĺܶ鶼С˵˲һ
֮ǰع֣ݺͻϲ֣֮ݺͶֵķ֮ƺԽԽʢ
룺ȻʵǺһǲͬģ¼Ĺ켣ΪԼȫԤУĿǺܴġ
֮ѧϵģǹϵģȻһϵҲһרҵϿεĵطͬһѧ¥Ȼ·ҪԼˡ
ȥʱϿΣȥʱҵĿˢˢ
ǰλļλûģмĺ΢ǰλˣߵ˵ڶŹλ£һų˾Ůֻˡ
ϿˣһҴܽһƨɶ£պԱߡ
԰Ҳ͵ĵز˵죬ǲܵġޣ֮ǰԸ䵭ģǲϲͱ˵ġ
ⷽ棬Ȼ꣬˵ƶȻߵġ
ϲ˴򽻵٣е罻־֢
ȻѾ˼꣬ɳ˲٣ѡĻԶԻǼ򵥵ģ̫ӵ飬û١
˵ǹ͡
ȻһЩǻԺӱܵģ˵˴򽻵
μϢʮӵʱк
Ǳ˰ɡûһ˵ǵ͵ĸŮƽʱô˵ԡ
ܳƵϰ໨ģһһ֣ݺˣҶĬ֣ݺ͡
Ҳ˵֣ݺͳƯԸֺƽ׽ˣ˭ܴһƬȻǱܻӭ
ͷֻμķֻʲôģ˵Լ̧֣ͷԷ˵¶òЦݣ˵԰Ǳˡ
ʵҲʶҲкţҲ벻˼һԼк
ٵģϿλǺ֣ݺһģңΪ˿ξߣô˵һ㻹ǺŮж㽻Ͼˡ
һ̶еäģǶԷ÷ǳڣ֮һˣͲϴҲܼ
ڵ˾٣Էʼ٣ȻҶȥˡ


48
ʵ֪ϵУƽʱȻģЦֱᶯˣǲ֪ġ
ʱ;ˣΪֱ֣ݺͣƺƯ
ֵǲµģΪƤӺãԿӰ𪣬ڰݵ
֮ǰֻ䣬òƶЩʲôое㲻һˡ
κ˵ȻöԷеɰΪٵǰŵģҲ˵ģҲָܻشΪ֮ǰ˵Ǵڨǲôġ
û뵽Ϊ˵һ仰ԷôĻ룬ֻβܸӲ¶ڣڵ״̬ӷ衣
άֲ˶ãںܶʱԼʵԸˣǻҪαװһ£Ҫñ˷ˡ
κЦЦ㲻Ǻ֣ݺȥĶ֪Ѿü첻Ͽˣ˵ˡ
Ȼô˵Ҫһˡ
һ١Ȼ֪ģɲ˵
֣ݺǺһ𰡣ֻǲǺԸˡ
ǰɣ˵Ҳ֪ϿˣȲ˵ˡرлʱϿˣȻ֪˵ʲôˡ
֣ݺͺܾûг֣ҿ϶ǹȥ˻ǳʲô飬Ϊ֪ˣ뱻һһʰ
վ֣ݺ͵ĽǶȣҲֵܲģֱһ̬
һڿȻΣҺûмӾҪ¿ˣξˣٸԶԷʻĻᡣ
Ȼƻģܻб仯
һ¿Σʦǰ߳ңͽһȫУˡ
˻ûаԾʶվ˶κԱߣ۾ȴǿģ̧ЦͬѧܷڸطҺԱߵλͬѧЩҪ˵
½ˢˢ߿
֮ϵݣͬʱҲУݣ֣ݺһ˵֪ȸһ¥ˣͻȻߣѵʲô
֮ǰ֣ݺ̸ʱ򣬿Ǵûҹǰͬѧûм֣ݺ͵ġ
׷ײ²⣬ĪǺһˣ
֮ⲨϿε˾ȣ˶ˣϾҪˣʲô
ɲô֪ʶ֮ģ
ŭŰǱƽˮһ㣬û˿ѣѾҪˡ
̾ߣǵи϶ȥҲԸġ
յǣҪɶɶûУֻͷԼͱꡣ
κҲһ㶣ЦݲǴųĵ֮վ
룺ɣӰɣ
֮ЦԱߡ
ʼ飬ǵû취ˣٰ鶼װ˼˵ǸǸݺ⼸ˣҲûһҪҸϵʽˣǸһ£
˵꼱Ҵܳȥˣû֮ӦĻᡣ
֮ЦƵӣҲƸȥˡ
˶˽ҵ˲½½ߣûɶҵ࣬ҶУϲ֡Ϸš
¥ϿΣȥȥġ
֮ģ֪֣ݺ͵Ĺϵñ֪ʶĹϵ˵ᴫʲô
ȻҲ뵽֮ǲ˼Ͳóѡ
ΪԼߵÿ죬˾£˼ȳ֮ܿ׷š
ƫΪԼûˣ˽ŲóֻؼϢȥ΢˼ѳԹϡ
֮ǰɵɵģ⿴ֻҲ·弸Ҫײˣоǰұġ
ţȻǺܸߺܴ󣬵ײȥ
ޣҵѽ
УѾײȥ
ɵˣþûпɵˣ
ôû뵽С¼ᷢϣ·ʱǿֻǰûΪֻײ
ȻһĻ棬Ӧ÷ϰ
ȻֻҲǿ·İ
ֻݴʱĸܣ۵Ǻۣǣ̫ˡ
·Ϻö˵ġ
ĴʵҲûڿߣǵõһ㰲οǣ󿴵ʱȴǿһ΢ųԵЦݡ
۾λдŴر˧һƦЦݣǷ⣡̫Ƿˣ
𿴵֮һֻɹǸҰ
ôһֱ棿
ôúõˣòƳ˱̬̫ж˰ɣ
ҵͬʱͣת֮װͰ͵˵ʲô
֮ͷϵĺӡǱҡͷЦ˵Լûע⣬ô
ĩ˶֪
һ֮Ҳشˡ
֮ͷ͸Ͻ˵ȱ侲侲ϾûģһΧľҲȼˣҪ𣡡
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ȻǷŵ֮ܽȻǶˡ
ôˣظźʡ
ʲôҲûһУţ̵ƹ·
֮Ҳ͸档
ӣţʵЩˡؼ֪Ҫʲô
ͻȻһ뵽ˣ
͵תǰ֮һ
һһէģûհɣ˵־ҪĶͷ𵲿ˡ
ҵȻûգյɣ˵˵ôŤŤģһҲǸˣ
¾˵ѵܸ಻ɣ֮һطȥһһ˵ҵȻǲ˵ˣ㲻ͬϵһҵȻҪ˵ˡΣűҲ㰡
˵˺ܶ໰֮һˣҺܳס
ʲô֪ģӦð㹻ˣѵֵͯϱ
һһĵطͣ£СС԰еӿ
վš
֪ΪʲôǰɣҾ˻Ҫ㣬ЩԸͲҪǿˣҰɣҾãԵġ
ϲûѡ㣬ҲҪ̫ڼ˺˰ͼ˵ʵ֮ǰȰοο֮
Ŭˡ
˵ǹ˵Ѿһ龰ˣĵ˲֪˵ʲô
֮һͷˮ
ʲôԵ֣Ҫġ
ʲô
֮ƺסӣѾǲ¶룬ڿ϶ˡ
֣ݺˣܲʧ˵òԶɧ֮ǰ֣ݺʱûһļ֣ݺͲˣŷͷ˵ŶҺˣ
ûð
̾һ˵֪ҲܣʵʼҪȽܰɣ˺Ӳģ㵱ȻģǣҲ˵ˣԵֲҪȻҲˣ֪Ѿˣȷظ㣬˾ǺӵףҶԷĲʲôģǱһЩϾ㻹δУ԰


49
˵ҲǸƽˣ˵Ȼˣ˵Ըһ𣬲ҲⱲӶһ⻰û˵
ԼľͺãôѡͲˡѽ
֮ǿ׳һ뿴Щʲôֵֹġ
֣֮ݺڵȷǺһһ𡣡˵
ˣ֪ģȫˣʣµ飬Ҫôѡˡ
ΪҸ㣬Ϊ֣ݺ͵飿֮ŵʳ֣ݺͣƺûʲô鰡һǺܻΪ˵һ֣ݺϵŮѣ뻹ͦµģЩ֣ݺͶ֪
Щ£ҲʲôҲû͹ʲôԷ
֮Ծģ涼Ǻ֣ݺ͵ˡ
ͻȻе˼ĪΪϲ֣ݺͣ
Ҳ̫ˣع֣֮ݺҹΣȷˣһ˺ˣǲ֪Ӹ˭
ʱҲò˼飬ϾҲ֣ݺദһʱ䣬һͦ԰˵ģôȥҸ㣬һӻ
벻ģ֣ݺ͵ݿžŮͣ˵һ۸оϾû뵽ô졣
ȻҲƭģŮȥưʲô顣ǼȻȥˣȥԼھưɺȴʧͲǵˣ
֣ݺͻźǹģ˵ԼҲǺ
֮ͬ鶼ȥһºӵĸףҲ˳鵽ˣֲ֪ȥĶˡ˵Ǹסһˣöˡ
ĺӾֵġ
˭ܶʱָҲֶ֮ѧϰ֮Դ˲мһˣֲһ̳иҵǮĻӣںŮ˹ϵң˵˾һŲм˵ѧϰ
ǴЩӵģȻھϵȷв츳Ҳȱǣ
˶ѡ
֪֣ݺͶĺֵ֮Ͳ˵ʲôˣùǲ˳Ϲϵġ
ȻҲųģ磬ǰ
̫֮Сˣôйϵ˶ʶˣֱȽһ㡣
ȻأģҲ˵ȥģϵӻŵģ˵ſһʱ䣬ѾһСʱˡ
ʱ죬Ǹ֮˵һôʱ䣬˵˲˵ˣȥ˻ȥԺ϶ҳˡ
׼ߣ֮ǰ棬˼ǲߡ
߸ߵĸӣеѹȸУʹԼƣ߲Ĳ϶ôģΣֻ˵ºҲûϵҲ꼰ɣ˵ĲǺ
ѾˣǺҲԲٶ˵һˡ
Զʧĺèˡ
ھȹϵϣתôЩĺǣ鶼ǣأйϵأ֪鷢չȫͽǱ֮;һţѾˡ
֮ӲЦˣ˵ϲ֣ݺͣ
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ΣҲ޼°˵ҲɵģУ˵ĺӳ޷ݣ뿪ɣ
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µôأҲֻ˳Ȼѽ
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Ҫȥˣûôʱ֮Ϲˣ˭˭ʱĲôҪ
֮Ƕǰ棬ĸߣǶţûĶҪˡ
̧ͷ˵ҸʹţҲı䲻ʵ֣ݺҲزˣҪϲ羡ȥȡһ£˵һϣ
֮һαЦСɵӣҼϲ㣬Ҳϲ֣ݺͣ˵⻰в֮һ˵һ飬Ӳϲ֣ݺͣ
ɴۣ˵Ļ
֮𣿲ҲҲס˰ɣ
ˣ
Ű
֮Һʽ꣺ҲϲǴûйκʱ̶ûйȥÿһÿһ룬ûУ
˵ûеʱ򶼱һһˣɼˡ
ɻЩزûɣûɣ
һϲûУǻʲôװ
㲻𣿡һЩΪأ㲻ϲ˼ңΪʲô̸
㵱ɵӰΪԲܣһļϽƭңΣ
ôޣôܸܽϲһ
š
֮ߣϲôˣһ֣ݺû˵𣿡
ЩȻһԼԴ֣ݺ˵˵֮һΪ˵һţϲ
ԣ֮ѹͲϲ֣ݺͣ
ȥȥ˻˼ѹϲھʲôǾԲˡ
ģеţԽԽ͸ˣ˵Ҳˣԭ
һִ۹⿴֮ɨȫе㲻ĸо
ڻһ۾͸Լ
УȻûд·ĸо˹ˣ


50
\ǣϲ֣ݺ𣿡ô
֮綼Ҫħˣһֱϲ֣ݺͰʲôֵġ
ѵһֱΪϲ֣ݺ֮ͣǰΪ֣ݺ͵Ϣģ
ϲϲԼ֪Ҫߣ
ߣ
֮߰غһͷȥط
˵֮Ӧϲ֣ݺ͵ģодİȷġڵ֮ϲ֣ݺˣұҲ׿ڳˣȻҲ֪ΪʲôǾˡ
һֱˣ
ðɣĹ
ǸԲ𰡣Ȼ㲻ϲ֣ݺͣǾˣĻ£ȥˣڶˣ°Ҳȥˣȥ̫ĻʵĲ˶ˡ
˵ͳСǺԶĳȥ
֮Ȼںţһһֱ˵
Ҫȥʲôʮֺ棬ڻʲô飿
ʱ˳֮ˣˡҲһЩԼϲԵĶɣǻǷһٷ
Ҫ͡
һСΪҪĶ࣬ҲôƳˡ
Щ˿ĲˣȥװһЩһС⣬м㽶һܹϡ
֮ں棬˳˶ӽݫ񣬼⣬㡭
ҪѳаؼҵĽడ
ѶߣԼȥƳ̫ˣֱȥˣ
ֻܸں棬ЩЦãʲô˰
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ǰο˵Ļͱ˼治֪˵ʲôˡ  УԶҵĳ֮ȥ
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ͻȻо֮ദģʽϷ֣͵ҡͷﲻȷ뷨ߡ
֮ͨͬѧϵΪԷһ㽻ʣԺˡ
ˣִپã˵ſѾ֣Լһȣ滹һ⣬ȻжΪϲ
֮ô⣬Ӧǹ˰ɡ
˵㲻Ǻ֣ݺǺôδ㣬֮źóԵģ鶼
֣ڿ񶼸˳֮ǰδйĸо
ǶŮ˲ʲô뷨ɣ
ܣһ̫ˣͶ࿴ۣһ
֮Ŷҡͷԣ״̬һĶζ
ֱһЩֶûⰡ
ӣ뵽ʲô飿
ҺǺѰҷѧͻؼˣϿʱѧУʱ䶼ڡ˵̸֪ǲʶˡ
֮ǳ꣺˵һ飬Һû̸ǲ̸ǽף
ԺҪ˵ˣԵұһ
ֻ˵ðɣǲἰ𣿲Ȼô뵽Լ˵İҸ
Ҫ˵
˵ˣ֮䣬ңԸ񣬺ʹв̫񰡣ְˡ
˫۾ܿ͸뷨һ
һ꣬ǾԲ֪ġ
ȻҲ֪˲֪֮۾̽ڲ鰸ѶһǼˡ
žԵʡ


51
飬֮Ҳᷢġ
鲻֪ġ
˵ɣˣԺ㲻ҪҼҴš
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ٷ֮ԵõǾˣܰķǣȻųͱϳȥˡ
ʰҲ֮ˣ̫ˣƺһЩĲͬͦģܻῴߡ
ȻֻкµԷһ
ճϿΣ⼸֮ˣ÷·ҵֻع죬һˡ
ĩؼңҸʱ͵͵ȥ˵
鷿Ƶģ־Ȼڳ̡
ڼҶţ޼ɵ̣ҪǸүӿ׼һ
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ι飬ôʡ
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ַ·ڲУһߣͷҵģɥ
δģǱĥòˡ
֣ݺһиƢСģѲԲԲʲôģеˡ
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ˣȥˣһиѧûǮȥ
ҲǴ󣬶Ļĺأ
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һүؽܣһЩſͶϵߣҪЦ˼Ҵкۣ̫ˣؼǻۡ
ĴѾˣЩͶأʼ衣
үӹⴴͱദĻᣬ߿ˡ
ܾ˶Է룬˵Ҫȥϲˡ
һҸ߹ľƵ꣬ȫ˱ǲȱǮġ
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˸ûô۵ĵط£Ӱóֻ档
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ӴҴСҲˣ
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곶һߡ


52
֮ͳĬԱߣԼϷԱ˺û˵Ĳʵ̫ˣʵǺԲˡ
̧ͷȥɫе죬Ⱦ֬һӦǶȾˣ

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ЦݣȻеȻʲôǺ˧ˣҪǼЦݣɱٷְ١
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˵һڵݼ֮࿴˼ۣ֮δٶƹڿ̫˧ˡ
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ƤУҲôɣ
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ΪȻͷǰ
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ҲӦһҼҲ䷹㿴в֮ƺĲˣ
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ȹӣ˵ûڣУҲŲϡȥҲ䷹ҪȥˣҾ
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ǰǺʲôϵ֮߰úܡ
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վеۣ֮ǸСгԴҩӲҪվţΪ˴˳糵̫ˡ


53
֮˳糵صڴӦǸǿŰɡ
Ϊ̫ˣݽţһϴ˯ˡ
ڶǱѵģһֱһֱţԺ֮˺ˡ
˰ɣ
𴩺·ȥš
֣ݺһվǰ۾һֱţı䵭ͷţӴһ㣬÷ɹŲǺܿ
л˵ֱӿڣɫҲ̫á
һ£֣ݺͲӦ
֣ݺͽȥһˮ
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һ˼⣬㵡
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񲻱ˮһˡ
ҾˣӦ˵ǻʶģҲ֪֮ҺûҲϲ˵
ԭĵһʶˣǺǣ֣ݺЦ˵أôˣѽ㴦ĻҺһȻλ𣿡
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Ⱳڵľʶ㣬㣬棬ɣ֣ݺͺݺݵ˵ˮҲ
óѣҶӣ붼룡ת˳ȥ
һɵˡ
ڱһĻŮ֮ϲ⣬֣ݺͻֵĺӣ
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һŮźܡ
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⣬Ϊ֣ݺˡ
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֣ݺ͸ոճֵĵط̹Ҷ˵绰
ȥˡ
ֻ컨壬ⶼʲô鰡
ȷ̫֮ˣû뷨
ң֣ݺ֮ͷˣֲΪĳ˲ŷ֣֮ѹͲϲ֣ݺͰʲô취
ʧ
Ǹڻ
̾˿ˡ
ϧǻزȥġ
Իȥ
ͻȻܣҼʲô
͵س嵽ſ˳ȥŶŵһٰ֮֮
źܿͿˣ֮ѸٿŰƵ档
Ҽһˣոջ˵ˣҾϣܳˡ˵Щ״Σˡ
֮ͽȽȥԵ㶫ȥ
غţȻҵٿš
ͷ
֮˸߾ͳȥˡ
챻ˣȻˣԲ£վŵ֮
ʮӺ֮ţŸȥ


54
֮źûóĹߣҸոսȥûзˣ𣿡
һҲѾ绰ҵˣȻ֪͵͵Ǳҵ˭ˡ
ʮȷһ˵ˣͻȻ֣һ
˯֮ǰǰŶصúúõģط˵ôġ
֮ҲûٸҿҺҲû׷
֮˵
˵绰ˣҵѾ鿴¼˵ûˣ֮ǰ¼񴫹
ҵˣ¼񣬹ȻһҲûз֡
ķſ˶ûһ֮һоھӣİûеġ
λС㣬ֻǵûأǡòһ仰ģСڰϵܸߵģġҵ֮ǰ˵
ȷԼ˵ģ¼ûУȻ԰ϵŵôš
֮˵ˣ֮ǰɲһ̫ƽĵط
֮ɳϣ˶ݽȥˣ֮һ߳Զ
Ȱ𣺡ԶǸ֣ȷܳŵȥ
ԼӪͣûꆪ
飬ʱҲû
תƵ֮ڴ͡
һ˵㺦ʲôأĺˣʱʳҾˣס޷Ҳѣ˰ɣ
üֵ֮ͷ˼һֿ
ǶԼĻŰ֮˵ǲСүҵΪ𣿡
˵ҺôҲҪӵģ˵ôһŮһһţ̣㷢ģһԣ׷
̼ң
ǳüչˣ˵᲻ǣʲô
һ꣬ǻͿһЩܿĶ
뵽;ʮֺ¡
Ӱɣ
֮һõļ˵ԴѵйְС
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Уϣ˵ֶеġƶˡ

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Сڳżһͣ£ҡ
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Ļѻ̫ˣҲƭ
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ղʡ
֮ԾͦأǵȻˣǲϲ³
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Щסһ˻Բ˶
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ѧϲͣԼö֮Ҳͻˡ
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Сʱѧľϲ޼ͥһס
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㡭Ǽ˵ˣǺİο㣬˲ʶģ


55
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ϡ
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𰵺ԼĲϣҪߣҲڷְԥôӣתˣ
֮Ǻͱһģ̫ˣ˼Ҷ˺üˣôҫ۵ĴŮͣˡ
һ¶̿㣬ɵĿӵϥǣһź׵СȣϸֱֻҲ۰۰׵ģǾ£Щ䡣
ЩЩʶģЩʶӦö֮ˡ
һ˿ڡ
٣Ů𣿡һЦؿ̫֮ˡ
СɱһŮˡ
ιͬѧǸѧԺİ
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˵֮ǰǸ˵ɣ
ϵͳȻˣ˱˴Զ˵˭أ
ϸϸЩ飬֪ˡ
˵ˣһ
ϵͳŮĺΣգȥˣ鲻Ȼʱ١
æ𣺡ԭʱж٣
ϵͳԭûƣǰعʱһ롣
𣺡
ϵͳϲŮģϲ㣬Ů䣬ʱΪꡣ
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˵֮ϲң
ϵͳǼⲻİֵѾﵽ˰ʮ塣
ҧָͷɣ
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֣
ͻȻ𱨾һ㣬㣬ٳ磬ٳ磡
ϵͳ⣬ҪûˣǵΡ
һûˡ
ιιι
æ˼ûлӦˡ


56
޲ײǽҪֵİֵ֮ϲ֣ݺͣ
ϵͳôһ㣬ǳ֪ˣڻҡ
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Ȼȥˡ
֮ػһҲʧˣ¼ߵǰǷӲȫȲҪȥ
˵ǵģͻȻ뵽ˣֻиΪǱ˵ոշˣʵû¡
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Уȷȫٻȥ̬ȸΪǿӲࡣ
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֮Զ
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ٶ飬һЩ鷳˶һЩ
Ĭ˻ᣬ֮ĿעµȷЩŤʵҲһ˼ԣĺΪѡ
̸ҪǮģ̸Ҫ
ңԲǲôʡ˵
֮һҪԼĶǻˣ˵ʣ
ȥĲʡ


57
ٺʲû˭ˡκһУʮҲֻν㺣ԱŮûй
Ҫһ䲻֣ǲܣ
ϲҪԹ֪
Ҳ˧֮Ҫ˵仰ˣ˿̫ˡ
ϢϣȣƤˡ
˵ľ룬óˡ
Щܲˣͷ󣬵ָţ޿ˣˣһ㣬Ϻһ
ҲǮǼƿûһ˵׼뿴ķӦĻҺ޴붼С
ֳм䣬ֹ֪֮Լ˿̵ѾһƬϵıվǳʵ뷨Ǻˡ
Ȼ˵ΪԼǸǳˣһʵ˧磬Ķġ˵ֻҪһŮ˶Ķ
ӲСᣬϲĵܵܰ
κ͹ܼãֻѡɫˡ
ȻΪʲôӦ֮ȦڻУм仹һ룬ûһ϶Ҳûеĵز
ϾֱӰѹˡ
°ͣǷ촽еıԸмˣʮˡ
ңҡе˵
Ҳϲ㣬Ҳ̸˼ӣǹ˵ˡ
˽ԴƢãŮûʿȣҲϲģϲģ
˵֮꣬סˣɶϲǻһģϲˣ
ֱһ£ϲģǻ
Ǹһʿȣ֪ʶԨ
֮תŶͷԼת˸Ȧһŵģ
ûɣŮ˵ĿζȻϲˣ
ģиֵһõģ
֪ǶŮĻ᣿
޲ɼ
޲ɼˣ֪ڿЦûˣ֮ԶһЩ̾ˣǼƣ޲϶ߡ
֮ûȥ׷ŴŮԶ汻ˣߵʱ򻹲Լ顣
صңеزû뵽ֱ֮ӸףվȫǰԼԼ⸱òò֫ϸۣЦʱŮʮ㣬ЦͺƯԼŶҪˡ
⸱ֵҲܸߣνǷòСȣҲеģƽ·̫ڿУԲ̫óԼܿġ廹ϵġ
֮ѵǿˣ֪ΪʲôȻ⸱ƯҲģе㲻ˬ
Ҳ֪һЩ֣ݺ֮飬˵黹ֵ˼ҳǰүӺ轨еȶ֪ˡ
ϲ֣ݺͣ飬ŮУĺӱˡ
û뵽֣ݺ
Ͼŵ࣬¥ʷˮȣ֣ݺɳϣָĸүҲڣֵȻҲһߵġ
֣ݺͻѾˣԻ֣ͦŸӣһܿϺû
ͣסŲǴˣűӣѰ˼ǲҪء
СˡүЦ˵֣ɩӣˡ
֣ݺһӣеΣܴ֣ݺϿˣǶʾˡ
ɩӺáĽЩ
֣ݺ֣˶ΪֻѹͲɡ
׼װˮȥģү£Ҳʶʶ³ԱԺദ
ǲ֪֣ݺʶģ֣ݺ͹ƺ̫ܲ
Ҳͺŷˮһһ˵ⶼΧ֣ݺͶĺչģԤڣ˼ʲôģоºӺҪٰһֵĻֿǵ֣ݺͻûбҵ;֤ҵٰ졣
ֿ֣ݺûзԣҲͬˣ֣֮ݺȥϢ轨зҲϢˡүӣүȥ鷿
鷿˽⵽Ĵž
үӾ벻ȻҲǣС
ϲǸСӣ˵ǳˣܿ϶ˣΪʱպܶϣҲ͵͵ˣСӶСе˼С̫˿û֡
ڻǵ˼
Ůôܵ˼أ
ûаүү˵˲벻ڳĻѻӦˣֺ֮պöϣѻ찡
Ҷ֪ˣģүүһ㣬ҲǷɣû˼˼ϲҲûá
϶ҪϸϸֻҪܹؾͶ˵
ʯͷԼĽţᣬôͣүӾǲţΪԱţΪԼ䲻ǸСӣ͸ĵˡ
Σεүӵ£֮ܿ˸ӣ֮ˣ֮ȢһŮˣŮΪ辭Űӣ֮Ҳܡ
Ѱһ亹ֿЦã˼ҲΣˡ
үҪȥ֮ôأ
ҳߣ
е㲻ʵʣҲ֪ȥĶ
̾νϵͳҲûзӦֻ
֮ﶼвֻ֣ͨݺϲֲΨһܻİ취
Ҫ֣ݺϲ̸֣ף
ԼҪͺͷˡ
֣ݺΪ֮ǣ֣ݺ;Ͷ֮ģǶֲҲһЩ
ץ취
ҵһң֣ݺƿϲᣬǰָˡ
֣ݺֻӶһ£Ьߡ
˯ʣҪ˶ˣ뿪
֣ݺû˵ʹӴѸץס֣ûҲѲ
ſ֣ݺ˵
ΪһȦͬظҲһȦСϸӰϸģϳһЩ⣬װֵģÿӪʦ䣬ֻҪϳԣɫġ
֣һȦ
ҹ
Ķˣ£֣ݺҲǰôˣֻҪ˵ĻŲҶϡ
ĲʯͷģȻܸо⣬ֻǱʶﻹһرܰˡ
ţΪߵһж̫ԶˣΪʲôϲ壬ʲôҲûС
ǽֻһϲ
֣ݺԼҲܲԸţܾ־ѣʱӴĺܵȫһ
Ķģչ˺͹Ҳʵġ
֮ǰ֮ദʱδ֮ᵽĺǻĸо
ֳæ˾飬һ쵽ʱ䶼ˡ
۾ȫǺѪ˿˯߲㡣
֣ݺͺôġ
ֲϷ һδңΪҪߡ
ôٴ뿪
֣ݺЩſҪȥ
ҷ㡣ֲ֪ˣ֮ǰҹŵģͻȻصңּôˣлΪǲˡ


58
֣ݺַȥ˲ſڵš
֪䣬˵Ĺϵķ˱仯
ٵļϣ˺үദʱ䣬ܶʱ֣ݺֵ֣ͣݺͲֻͨ
˵ʵûָ˼ҸԼɫֻϣͻС
ʱ֪ᵽĶȥͨ˵
ϣ¥֣վ¥ϿһˣӰЩϤ
棬ү˵תͷүӿĵط
֮㶵ģƺתȥļƣү˵·ûпһ
֪ǿġ
үЦ˵С𣬿үүӣҲͬһѧ顣֪СС˼
˵ǲǳ̫ˣ֮ǰҲǼģСϲҲǻġ
ϾСҪĶ࣬үүһõԼϲġ
үӲɫ۲ˣǿһߣһǻرܣһװȴƵƵȥ浱ϻʲô
ҲӶ᲻
໥һ£Ȼүү£СʹСĴ֮йͬ⣬ˣд
үүӺܽʣӮүүô˵ˣǼװġ֮ƨȻûһΥ͸С
Ʋ˵ƣ˵Ƥĺ񰡣磬ʰ·磡
үЦǺǵȥ鷿ˣ߻úдˡ
֪֮˵ʲôãִˡ  ԭүүӰлүүȥɡ
Ϳʼˣ֮ŲȫûӰ죬·һ
ǿˡ
Ҳ̫Լˡ
Ϊ֣ݺʱסȻҪ֣ݺͳֲ֮һЩַ˼֮ǰŬǰ׷ˡ
Ůĸ߻ûƽǲԼ̫
֮ɲҪôĻͲˡ
ˣŮ˾̫ˣһ˧ĸˡ
ǲأǸԶġ
֮ûа취ҲǿȲˡ
Ҳ
֮վˣ߰ɣȥˣոүү˵Ҫҵ𣿡
촩һȽʽװģģƽʱ̿ӣȻе
֪ˣǲᱻƭġ
룡˵
֮߳ȥſڣź԰ȥǼҪ뿪Ҫȥɢ
Ծƭˣ˵Ļټٵġ
ܺһ𰡣ο֪ԼҲôһ˼
ҪѿˣܲסԼô죿
ţֱײ֮ͣס˼
֮һЦ۾һֱͣϣʢ磬΢΢
ϵһ˲ˡ
ͻȻͣʲôжɣͷײ֮ļϣЦݣʮ־ȡ
еŮ˼޷ơ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼˣѵΪ֮ˣ
ŴƭԵֲ˺øУ
뷢ģԼĪͰ·ͣסת˸֮ܿ
֮һֱǿģȻûдκС飬ӱ⣿
Ҫʲˣܲÿһζӱܰɣ
Ҳͣ£ǲ׼Ҫˣ֮ͻȻôһ䣬Щ֪룬ǲ˵ʲôǲ˵Ļ
Ĺϵ˵Ӧûе̶Ȱɣ
νĹϵӦ֮ΪģһҲϡ
Ƕ֮˵ԩˣûа˵Щ̫ж˰ɣ
Ǿͨѹϵݺϲ㣬޲ۣϲҲͶԷǣġ˵
֮Ƿ´½һ㿴𣺡֣ݺѾкˣҺһϵûУѵ㻹ϲ֣
ûУҲŲϲأ̷ôǣϣ
֮ڣȻϲǾϲˡ
֪ͣġȻǶ˼Ϊ˵ǹˡ
ϲϲҲгѵĹϵ˵⻰ԲˣŮһ˧׷󣬳ǱİˣȻ޶Եġ
ʼжˡ
ֻͽƤƭԼ˳Ҳƭ֮ǸŮ
ΪʱסĹֻܼװûиоˡ
֮üͷ㲻ϲң
ȷһ䣬Ȼǻ˵ѡ
ҪǶûһ˼ǿʼЩ鶼ģ˾ǹˡ
˵Ȼϲ;Ҫһ𣬱Ͼô㣬ôɵױ˹ܣϡ
ȥ֮װͷ˵ȷȷҶ϶ˡ
㡭֮ſڰ죬仰òҪԼ뷨زˣŮ˾ȻһʾûУ̫ù˰ɣôôһˣϲ˼ң
˵ҪĶû˼ֵд
ѼӲϳϣͿܱﵽʲôʱ
Ҳһʱ͵ǵˣʱĿǵֻͷ㡣
˵Ķģֲһ䣬Եúϡ
֮ǱЦˣúã˵ġ
ʵҶƭģ
ҿûϲ㣬ǵһ£ˡ˵
֮˵Ȼ֪˵ѣҾ֪ǶҵģˣȻҲˡ
У֣ݺҵɩˣɲҪһǷ֮ˡ֮
֮￴գˣΪ˭Ǹøһһڼʳ
㣬˵⻰ĺ𣿡ֵЦˣʳҷ̫ˣһڵ¶һԺ˼һкأ
Լ·
֮¶ưִһСԵãͷúܺú룬ǽͣ·Ūúܺá
øӻֺһҲӡ
ֲ֪˵ʲôƤ̫ˣ벻˵ĻƤҲ̫޵ˡ
ˣ͡ߵúһҲûԥ
޻˵ǹ黹ûиоˣ
ǰߣϰˡ
ǣټַ̧ȥȻζͬʱе㲻ζ
ݺһԼֺݺݲһŵϵݣ̧Žȥˡ


59
ӣﻹ˼֮ΪҪѵתϲ֣ݺˣ
ҲûпܵģϾ֮ⱾС˵׼䣬б仯Ҳ֮С
뵽Ӳζˣ뵽νøֵ֪ĪĶˣĶ֮ıˣڲ֪С
ǺܲԸԼʵ뷨ȻǷ֮кøУҲ֪Լôˣǵһϲһˡ
˻ǴС˵е찡ǱӰˡ
¥ȥԱˡ
Ÿսȥã֣ݺ;ʹһ߳
֣ݺͷӡ
֮ĶԻոնˡ
ɲʱ̫ˣɲܴ֮пϲͳ磬Ȼ֮صĺܺãֻҪһ۶ܿ
Ӧö֮ûʲôϲ֮϶ϲġ
֮ȻϲŮ˻ĺùۣǺǣ
֣ݺ͸оʯͷ˵ĽţѲƣܡ
߻Լķ䣬ûһ졣
ܿ͵ٵʱˣԹ˺ûʲôˡ
ڵİ༶Ҳ⣬ǰ໹ٻǽһμۻᣬҲƴΣȥССһΣôҲʶ˽⡣
ȥˣɰ೤˵˶ҪȥҲõܾ
ʵ׼ԳȥģҲǮͲʱˡ
֪ǰ༶İ༶һƫƵİ࣬Ӷ࣬ڵİŮΪ࣬պû
ý˵ȥͲȥˣȥǵķɻƱȵ༶ۻʱѾˡ
һƵ꣬ǿߵģشһܿĺһȥһɫɫˡ
̫ɽ˵óԵģ̨ϴ磬ŵƣ黹Ǻܲġ
΢ȺаίϢûòŻһˣš
ǲȥˣƷֵҲ٣ΪڸлǺܵ͵ġ
̲ţӾ£ɳӵĺӣЦԶԶؾʹ
￴ȥ۵ǴŷۺɫӾµŮɫӾŮӾȦŮĸ첲Ůе㿹ܵǰߣʱʱͣһ£ͷŮ˵ʲôŮǿǰߡ
ӦǹĻɡ
˵ǳǳĺˮУŮԶԶȥԷŮ£һְֱֽţʮġ
ţͻȻ뵽֮ȥ𣿻ڼ˯
ֻλͷ˦ȥ˵ϲҲһİ˵಻װЩ϶ӳˡ
֪ǰ֮ڵİࡣ
֮ʲôˣ൱鷳ֲϲμӻƽʱɢɢģ༯ĻΪֹûвμӹÿζǽǮȥģҲϰˣӹƧ˽žѧԵͨ
νȻȥˣȥˣģһŮĿ⡣
еĽ㶼ϡ
֮ĿĶȥģǶֻػǰˣǡֲ֪Ǹ࣬Ҳ֪ǲܺ
Ǽƻúܺãؼ˲
֮ȥʣ֪û˵ǻ·ϣһ㵽档
һ֪ѵѰŮĻͺʵģҲ϶֪꣬ˣ
ú׼һǰ׷һ١
֮гȥ뿪ˡ
ûлؼң˳ȥҡ
үӲڼңӭ֮ڼ̥֣ݺ͡
ɫܺãƤȻǱüãҲ
֮͵ûһ¥ˡ
֮Ҳʰүôڼ֮׻һתʵȥĶˣһӾͰȥ˳
Ļؼ˸Сͳˣֱ
Ŀĵǡ
֮˰æһг̣ľ尲һĿȻޱ
˷ɻ󣬰Сʱĳ̾͵ǸƵꡣ
ס
֮ȥ˷䣬ɻʲôˣ˯һȻϴһ´˿ɵĺ̲¿š
ķ绹Ǽŵġ
ʱʺϳȥɢˣС̯ĳԶĶˣʮ֡
Ҳ⣬ԭȾǾ̫ȵܲ˲ھƵģ͸óȥҵóԵˣȻ̫ˡ
ȥ˵㺣ʣǰ˼۸ûбףζһ㣬е㷢ȥһ΢ߵһķ꣬۸ôζ㲻˶ӡ
Ϻ̲ϻɢҲͰЬһýŲɳӣģʮ


60
ɳӣŵȣķ绹ͦġ
оŵģɡ
ȥ߲ˮڼСӺ棬űһȦŲǳǳĺˮȥʱһˡ
Ŷ̿䣬Ϊ춼ɹ˪һСñӣñҲЬһˡ
˾Ϣ˴ӾȦӾºӾˣСУСӵĳǳ֡
°ͣҹգʱȻǳˣΪڵڻĲǵ٣һڴûǵġ
ȵģ¶ҲͣӵģʲôҲӻͦģҧ
ԼѾܶҧĺ㣬ûл¶ˮ֮ĶȥˣٸѪҺ
ʱ̲ϻкܶ˵ģԶһ°ӵ֣ǲϵĸӡ
ԼĶ˾Ƶꡣ
ϴϢˡ
һߵɳ̲ϣĵʼˣһĻŮӾ裬űȻᣬĳãϣŲɳ̲ϣ¶۵Сţǰ͹˵ƣʮ˵
Ů𷢣һƤҹĵƹմӺĺƯȻ
ΧѾΧһȦˣڹۿλŮ衣
̫ˣؼ˼ģʵ̫ˡ
һй˵Уۣ𷢱۵ˣվȺ֮жǺ۵Ĵڡ
м仹һӣһˣйˣ಻ִͳй˵ò֮ӳǵӰַɽɫһ೬ڣֺӮŮ˵ġ
˴Ӿ㣬̫ŵģ¶ĸܱ׼ģݣ⡣ȻīһһųֱŮӡ
ϣƿԣ˼㷴ĳʣֻҪһ۹ƣڳļŮԵ߶߾£
Ůɵ裬ΧԽԽˡŮģ˧磬ֵģ⸽ѾǺܶ˾ۼˡ
ʮҺѾֹͣˣΧһƬ
˼úܺá˳Ư
˧磬һԼ𣿡
ŮӢ˵ģĿ׶ǻӦӢˡ
˺йǲͬģΪĻ죬ǶǱȽϿŵģԼ˼Ҳ̫ͬ˵˴˶ģ˳ۣҪҲ˳ۣпվһ˵˵ʲôġ
һǺһ鱼ţ˴˵ĽǲͬĻײ
Χ塣
˴īҲ֪ʲô
ǵīʱ˴۾˾Ȼ˯
֪֮ʲô۾Ŵ˯
ȥŮģһȦطͦģչԡ϶ҪüģҲܻȥô죬͵ǴľС
ǣǰһĻе⡣
Ůˣ˵ʲô
˯ʣԾǸո˯ѵӣҲ֪ʲô飬Ů˸оеҲסӣһժīӳǳ࣬ǻҪڣƾĳԣ˵ǰһҲ޿ڸġ
Ů˼˾ǸûᣬҲԣһ裬貽ͶֱΣҪʱûκܾܾʱȷˣĻ죬йˡ
˶ԷĻ֪֮ˡ
ԭѽ
ܣΧôˣ˵ҲУҪǿˣʲôӦأ
һҲǿԡ
֮һȦΧûзˣʹĸҲû˼ˣϵģӽʮһˣϰ˯ôأ
֮˵ǸŮˣǺܷ㣬С
ڶгĬ˵ģöԷ˼
ĿŮ˲£ܽӽˡ
Ů˵Ҳһϲ⣬û뵽˵ԼҵĻҿܲ˵˼ûС
ҪܺͶԷҲġ
ǶԷѾֻܾܱʾź뿪
֮˾Ƶ꣬Ѿ˯ˣһ˾˯ˡ
Դ򿪱ʼǱһЩ飬ֱ˯ȥ
˿֪֮Ѿ׷ˣŵڶҪȥʲô
Ҫź
ȻҲ̤Ǯ˵ˣﻹǽڼģҲʲô˽˴棬ӾƵһλԱСˣ֪˽ҴҪ棬һҲЩɢ˵⡣
ȥˣ˵绰Է˵ʱλþ͸绰
ܵǾƵĹԱʹЩ顣
𻹸һЩ˴ˣɿģСȫƾ˼顣
Ҳ⣬ϾԷҲȱǮ
ڶû𴲶Էʹ绰ˣ˵λãˮʳʲôҪǮҲպãŻˡ
𿪿Ĵ˷ɹ¾ͳȥˣһһѼñĳĴܵñӣʵʵãȻŮƤ𪣬֫ϸϸģָߣӱӰžŮ񼶱
ڵ̫ˣҪ±ɹڡ
˽˴Ѿͣںˣ˵ǹʱϴʱҲ½½ϴˣȻ˵ǺܿͿǵȺܾöûпߡ
⴬еȣ㣬ǴдѵĵطѰο棬ȻĶѾ㹻ḻˣǵһһ㡣
ֻܸ̾ǸҵĶӡ
һǮܿ羰ܳԺóԵģֱҪ̫ˡ
˵֮ԻڵţΪһλѻûŵˡ
𲻵òҡͷ֪ǼҵĸˣοͶ⴬ۻǺܺõġ
˴ԼСʱƵؿġ
۹ţ˵㶫Ѱһ̫Ҳĵط羰
̫ɹҲ¶ˡ
½ԽԽԶ羰ҲԽԽ
Ϊϰ˵ӣԻܿˮһߣ̫龰ʱˣںϣӰںˮУɫĺһ޼ʣԶ󣬺˾ԸƷԾʱкȻ˳УǷա
ҲǵһοⷬɫϷˣ뺣ȴҲԼǺȥΣǺʱִͬ洿羰Ǵûйġ
ͷ̼ʶ٣Ѿǿˡ
⺣ôô⺣ôͣ⶯ôɰ
ðɣԭ´ʱЩƶݡ
Ȼʺϱ߳Զ߿羰
һڹ˹Եÿɻˡ
ʱĹ۾̨ϣһȺڿ档
ǿ棡һ·˵
ʲôɿģһŮ˳Զ𣡡һں٩˵㲻ǿ˼˰ɣ
ôܣɫ·ʼ硣Եĵʮ
ҲϸֵŮôණͲ
ʳζôôġȻŮ˺ǲͬģȫⲻˣҪôֱ࣬ȥˡ
ʮ
´Ҷ濴ȥ
֪ԼѾȫΪ˱еĿ㣬ƽȥһЩԵĳš
֮ǰණ٣ΪǰǸ֣ζҲƫ嵭볢һ֮ǰ̫ҳԵĶ
ˣĺó԰
һûסǾʹ󵨳һأѵģҲ˷ѣǽǮġҪԻɡ
ǿҵ죬ⶼʮˣ
ûԹôóԵģ
쿴㿴ǲǣ
·
ûȤ\֮˸Ƿȱ£һû˯Ӳǰ㵽ûģ
Ǹȥˣģɱѧð·Ц˵


61
˵ǲȥԼˣ
ҿǣƽʱĹǲȥʲô˵飿İɣ˵ֵܲȡЦģ
һ߿Ůˣһ߶֮壬һЩȤ顣
֮֮Ը
ߣȷҲûʲô鰡˯Ū˵飬Ȼ˯оͱ⼸קˡ
֣ô֪ģ
ô֪ıʾɻ󣬱ϾҲû˭˵
֮ܳļ򡣺һЦȻܵĺǣǶ֪ģϬ
֮һۣ֮Ť˲ŹЦʮֵ⣬ǷǷġ
Ҫ𿴼׼뵽һݣȺ֣ȻǺеġ
֮ܳ壬а
氡֪һ֪ڶľƵ꣬ò˵ֻ̫ˣŮ߶ˡ
ܳ弸ںˣ俴˽𷢱Ů裬ǸĶ֮ʱòС
汾ģǶһһЩ˳һСѧõ顣
ܳЦ˵ŮҪϴǸСѧأҿúܲܽܣ
ȥģ֮˳ְϵС˹ȥ
ܳ弰ʱ㿪ûӵ
̸Ȼ˼û˼Ǿ͸ҽܽ£ֵܣôСɣܳ岻˵
֮ȥӣֱӷźݻҵģ붼룡
֮ڳˣܳ弸˵óѴЦ˵вУִҪ̸Ҫº
֪֮⼸ǹģҲᣬʲôҳϵģֻҪۣ˾ˣĲܡȻϵе޷ͺãԺӼ̳ĻС
ֵҲǺܲģúҲɣ
ţܳǰ˻ڿ棬Ҳ߹ȥ
һŮڳԱܡ
ˣе졭
Щ˻壬֮תȥ¥ݿȥ
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ǣܸое㲻Ծ
ͷӣϺü˫Ϸ۾
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˫һ£²벻ϲ˻ĵز͵ˣϲҲ벻²ĳԻŮͻȻ̧ͷϿ
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Ա߶ԼԳ벻˸ԲһȺеĹۿˣ޲Ҹضȥʱһ
Ե㶫˳һµģɢɢĶѣôóԵĶǽǮģΪʲôأ
벻ĵˣһˣȻڿԶ
ðɣǶһ㣬ǳˡ
ҲĴܳԶ
ǰգǰ˿Ľ䣬˸ãʱҲԲ¶ˣúζ϶ʳԶˣ
ιСɵӣ
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Ŷգ֮˹·ľ߳˺̺ƺͲƺΪܡ  ֮ô˵ǲܵġ
ԭ˽˴ģֲôͶأķţνʮּˡ
ôҲû뵽֮ǼʶˣʲôǮ޴档
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ףĴ绹Ҫ˭
˶ʶģҲܡ
ʶؿڣһۣģ
ôԽ֮еˣ˵ǶУǲ̫ˡȻеøУĿǰǹҪľͱˡ
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Σ
ôǮǮңӼһңֲ֣˵أ
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㡭ַȥˣܹĽô
ģҪȥϢˡŴȥ
ǳԵĶеˣеˣڸζҪҵˮȡ
֮ȥĶȥĶɡν·죬ߣ
Ȼᣬ֮תʱֺܴɵصסȥ·涼ѡ
޹ϣȥɣҾͲˣףִúȺãһ·˳ѽЦ˵
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ͣס˽ţתȻѣҲʶһ£ϾҺҲ
ȷû档
ңôóԵģȥһġ
˲ᡣ
֮ƺ뵽شг񣺡߰ɡ
档
Ȼ±ߺ˳࣬Ͼ˼ԼҪģͼһģһֻΪ֣Ҫ֣Ǿ⼸ͨʱһջ߾ɶԵʱ
Ϊܶƽʱֵ֣ܴһʱϲ΢һġ
ںóԵģǾ°
ҪһСɾµĸ֣ǵ;ûͱָ֮˻
ܳˡ
㣬Ϊʲô𲻷㲻˵ܳԺóԵˣô˵㻰СУ
ǶЩԵĶģҪȻΪ˿һϲ͵
ûôģ
ܳ弸֮ʱصԭλװʲôҲû
֮ܳߣõҩ
ܳԱ߼壬ܳҲǼüŪۣҩ
Щ϶Ǳеġ


62
֮ҩù涼һЩճõҩƷȫˣΪ澹ȻнθʳƬ
óƬ˰ɣˮϣԼáȻȻеܵġ
ֲʲôθͻȻô࣬϶ġ
ſôѩ⣬žζˣû뵽ܳԵ£ҾһӻôࡣССһŮӣȻܳô࣬ˢŮʶ
Щסˣ֮ǴʳҩģΪԶġ
һֱ˹ĵĸоӿͷһʱ֮˵ʲôζָоֻүиĸо֮ǰԭȵ磬ϰҲ
Ȼ֮˶࣬СǣȻһжˡ
ӹҩܳǻһˮȣҪн Ǻ֮ǺѣСһ浽ģҲһļ֤ˡ
벻ô꣬ڻܰˣ
ְ֮ĺο
֮ܳһš
εذ֣ͣûУҺҲͨѹϵᣬ
Щ˿ЦҪôչһһŮӰɡ
ܳ׵صͷһܶӣǺ֮ܶļĳ˵δɹͬ־Ŭ
֮ܳ壬˵ȥɣٳЩѩˣǸҿ֪ġ
һ˵꣬Ҷˡ
ӣѡ
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֮ʵûֹϵӦþЩĽ׶ΣϾܸоģܲ˵
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ڳ˵Ĺϵһֵúԣһ˵ûʲôϵˣ˵ʲô˼
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֮ܳ弸Ϸ˶ע˶ս֮İĶ顣
ڿźϵķ羰
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֪ܸ֮ܳ弸һˣֻСһ㣬Ӧöˡ
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УȥҺ
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⻰е㷴У⿴˿ǰλ
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ߣŮǰ棬Щûĵˡ  磬˼һ᲻ǹʵͼ㰡
вʳܰθΰΰѳӹݺݻǸ˵Էŵһ顣
ѳˣݣ
ܳĬĬ˵Ůģսˮƽ԰
ȥȺÿ·ۣոʻվŲһǣ۾ţɫƫ԰ףͷϲŰɴ
֮ȥһִֻԱ߳ʹק  Ʋã˸𣿡
˵ǴŮ
Ҹ˼ĻʿⷽǶö࣬ɶͣҵġ
֮ͷУл
Ůһ˦֣ҿŻ˳ۣ󣿡
ǡ
Ҿ˵ԭӣովһŮ˵ģȥﲻͱƵˡ
˵ָ֮꣬ȥ
֮ܳһܳȥˣڴϣҲܲˡ


63
ͷתȥǸŮҲҵˣڿźûϵ
ܳ˵Ҹ˵˼ҴС㣬Ҳָϲˣɲһ
ʲôҵûӵģģ˲ˬˣһһ˵˵ô죿
ңĲңЩǮƾż仰ԩңңҸǷ̰
ܳӴһԭǸӲģ̰͵ųηҸ㣡
ţɱˡ
ŮĨᣬһ߷źݻСУ֣Ҳǳصģ˭ų̂ƣ
ǳģ밶߲ҪȥҪһʱ䡣
ܳѾ˿ˡ
Ĵϣ֮ڴϵˣԱվŵŮôѣ
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Ҳ˵԰ÿҲþĴҶѣСøմ绰˵ҪˣǲõˣȳԷ
ллǡְ˵ɵˡ
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лл
ذ趼飬ǿֿ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
һڣǵðϲĲ˺ͼɿڣΪǿǵܶ飬ʱһ
ŶᣬȰס
ֻҪһ뵽ԺԼİְǱ˵ˣԶͺģѹݣԹˡ
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лҽˡ֮벻ʲô˵ʮֱ˵顣
ҽҡҡͷ۾ˡ
ߵʱʱˣкֺܰ


64
֮͸ҽԺĴȥڲϵŮӴݣһֻʧȥ˳ĺһţһμ˴ӡ
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ϻô裬Ҳ֪ζ֪ŮܳԣֱͰһ
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֪֮ڿԼģԺҪһӵģڶ࿴㣬Ҳá
ȵˮһСˮŵϣˡ
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濴֮ĺܺÿڲĺˣڿ϶ǻزȥˣҲ֪ܻá
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65
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ҽˣǰǴҴҴ·ı
ˣҽЦ˵۾ǺͰ顣
ڼ仹һȫ飬ѣҲûգӪ֡
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һ£֮׷ȥʿ춼㣬Ȼ룬ҵһ⣬ϣ¡
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66
ĽŮиõѣҲ˼һͺˡ
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ãǵĸúðڴ߿˵ιȥܶһҲû
һСƻûȥ˱Ļʲȥ˵ʲô
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ǸûҲҪԼһͦãﰲοԼ
æͣʵҺֻͨѣû˵ĳ̶ȣǶˡ
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ã㱻ȥһͬ־ҲǿС˵ˣһӾ˵˺ü
һǶԵİɣ
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ĪҽԺ豸⡣
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67
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ţԾسˣ
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˼дˣӰЦ̫飬̫ܳؿζĶָˣٳһЩĶš
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68
޵ϡﻩңҿ޵ļƣòʱͣˡ
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ҴδĳһŮйĸо֮Ī˵뿴ҳΪ㲻ˬΪǵ㡢׽Ū㣬֮ǰδ
ʾõŮܶ࣬ǺƯǺвŻܳڣһоûС
֣ݺ͵ദʼе㶯ģ֪ΪΣûܸܵҪĸо֣ݺ
Ǻ޳ܡ
ǰ˵˵ģһЩȻûҪͳˣܿͽߣӶ硣
֮棬ƽȫңϲ㣬ȻܴҵСҪ
Ѿˣ⻰
ǣҾܿɰᣬһɳһĬ֮˵˵žЦˣ֮ȤҲóԣҾϲ䷹ıƢ²һɰСӣȴһƢıԣǺܿɰȤ
Դ֮һң֪ǲ֮ǰģŮ֮ǰģϲ㣬ӹɵģ
ǣҵһθף㾹Ȼܾң֪жඪ𣿱Ⱥ˳ЦⱲӵˣ֮ŭҴҿ
أأźߣ
һקקӣǲǵĻᡣ
˵ǣ
Ҫһ㣡
֮սǣûпǣ㲻Ӧүˡ
Ҳ֪Ѫյˣ³嶯ǺġЦ
ƿץ֣ҲǹŻֵм˺ȥԼͷ˿
˵˵뷨ţ
ƿͷ˵˵ô֮Խͷƿһ̫ˣ˵;òȻ
˵֮ԶһЩ
ðɣʵռˡ
ңǿദԿ˵Լʵ뷨֮ӦöǶԱ˴кøеģǲ֪ദ᲻᲻Ӧ
һѣͲʺˡ
Ȼֹϵѡ
У˵Ķԡ֮ΪֻܾƤˣû뵽ȻӦˡ
ֻ˵ʮǴ
Ĳϲ֣ݺ𰡣һΡ
֣֮ҷ4ĲϲոտʼʶʱôһøУǲ֪Ϊʲôദ󣬾ֻɵ𣬺ģһȤûС
ܳ弸һΪǶŮûȤȡ˸ı䣬Ƿ
ȱҪҪǷַӵ飬ǲϲˡ
Ժһ֣ݺͱ־룬˵֤֮
㻹ǵջعʱ𣿡
ǵãڵ￴㣬Уסķ䣬ҵġ̹ףΪڹѧҲ˷ѣպҿǸŮӦọ̀ҵĶҾת㡣
һعԱһףΪסޣҪѧʱⷿ
ȻʶأҲǻԵɺϣעˡ
ƵţǸģ
˵ôоϤĺɳֱ֮Ĳ࣬ϲɳûͷƵţ
ȻһҲûз֣ˣ
үģЩÿļҾߣ͸㣬˶ˣ㣿


69
˵˶ˣ㻹㣿
ǲҪ
˰죬֪˵ʲôãҪûжԸľ顣
ֲ÷ﶼЩҾߣֵơ
Ȼܺá
ΪʲôЩߣҾ߶ǾųµģԼʹð
֮Ӧ˵鷳Ҳãڸ»̫ˣɵĲȥµĲҿõġ
㣬ϲɣ̷Ӧ˵㻻ٶô죬ڱʾ㣡
֮⣺ϲɣǶ룡㵽ǲǶʮһ͵Ůԣô˵˹Űؾɣ
ʱ⧲ͳˣûʱ䰲Щ
Ŷһԣ˵ĺе˵Ķԡ
ǿ佱Ļô˵ôˣ֮û˵ˣ˵ʲôǶԵġ
Ժٺ죬ܸŮ
֪Ϊʲôʱ׷𣬾ΪϲܣΪССУȻܳ˵û׷ŮҪ·ġ
ʱԼϲģҲû˵Ļϡ
ҶϲˣֻԼ®ɽС
۾ʹڲˣ۾۵ģֻĸоǿ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪תƻ⣬ֻҪ޾ͺá
֮ȥһͽвԳԿǰ֪˰ɣ
Ҫڸ󣬵ͺˡ
ȻϲˣܳʵǺĸ
ã
֮ŪȥѸõĺʳˣȥԡ
԰ɣ
㣬ԼûԶҪˣͿ
ԶԣҲԺСҪңܷڡ֮࣬һ߸˵
ûԼ̫꣬ˣģ֮ЩϾģطˡ
Էʰȥܲǰ𱨱һ¡
ͷ˵һԵģֲ˵ˣ˵Ůǲ̫ˡ
ţҪһֵŮ
𵭶ۣ˯
ܷ
춼֮չȥܲȥԼţ˽ʮգָ˸߰˳ɡ
̫ˣ׼ȥүүˡ
ڼүӴ绰֪ĺܿҲû˵ȥ֮Ļ֪˼Լˡ
֮˵ãƱͻȥ
ȻǸظҡ
ңʱˣ
˶ڣ֣ݺͣͦŴӣӦ߰˸·ˣڡ
΢΢Цţѿʵ˵ʱܲͳĳɷ֡
վһˡ
ⱾҲ쵽˽βʣµڣͶ֪ˡ
񣬼һٳûгȥ
үæʣθ𣿻ǲûһڲˣ
СǳԲ߼Ĳ˰ɣϾһ˳ȥôãڹˡЩ˵ЩҳСˣǲθڰɣ
ֺǵ֣ݺͣѽҶݺˣڲиݺͣɳԵ£
֣ݺЦŻأܺó԰İɣҺͺӶúõġ
˺οҲǣûҵĳգϱӻ˵²ƯͻݵĶϱ
佱֣ݺͣǲӿ佱ġ
֪ģ˵̵һĺãмҵζ
Ŀ佱ԲԣųԵôѣǶֳֻͨѣΪ֪
ԽԽϲˣ˹ֵúܡ
үӵУԭİ˵ôôóأ
üЦǰһ㡣
ȫ̾ǲ
ҲʼֻǾζһ㣬ʳˡ
Ĵ̡
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С𰡣үүҹͻȥסˡͻȻ˵
үүΪʲôͻȻﲻ𣿡
Ҫһסɣ
ֻϲүӣֻҪ˲ھУҲзӣסһչһ㡣
үӻҡͷˣ˵˼˼ҵӣһصǵطʱʶĵطкܶʶˣʱʱȥ
֮ǰΪĲ㣬ڿĳˣҲˣҲзִˣͷķˡ
ְֶǼжģСˣҲ֪ҵƢʮ̵ֻġ
ҵĶԺ㣬ҲõԺûǮãľͺã²̫࣬үү档
һʱޣܾ˿ܾԼǹ¹µһˣԭµģһĶõүү
үүʵҲҪģΰ̾ΪҪЩŲ˵ġ룬ĶӣܻһЩﳤ󣬳ԺʹҵģؼүүôãѾ֪ˣĶҾͲҪˡ
ѾǳˣҪĶԼ˫ȥõңҾãƽƽһҲͦõġ
ү̾ѽǲϲʱһѾ˾ͲȰ˵ˣֻҪǵ˵ĻҵжǸˣ㣿
ԼȨ
µԴõˣҲ̫ҪһЩСôˣ
ҪҲҪС
ӺɷԼȥɽ뵱Ҳôġ
үָ˵˺ܶĻ˵ѧУҲ̸ˣҪЩʦظĻ̸ǺеˣԼϲͺá
˿Цã֪ԼѾ̸ˣ
ڻ˵Ҫȷٸ˵Ȼ˵Ѻ֪ʲôʱַ˶ѽ
׼Ҷס죬үүˣҲͻȥˡ
ڼ͵͵֮绰ţҪҲ
ִ֮Ҫǲû֣ݺͣһ˵֮Ͳˡ
ʵֻڲǵ֣ݺͿ֮ķӦ֮ǰΪ֣ݺͲϲ֮ˣǼ󻹻֣ݺ͵ĹϵΣӺýֱӱˡ
ں֮¹ϵԿ֣ݺͻ顣
һ˴ţϾǸүһʱ࣬ʱҲæ֣ݺͣϵ֮࣬ҲӦҲ΢տһ¡
֣ݺͲϲҲ֣ݺ͡
֪ģҲ֪֮һˣǷġ
ֻҪ֣ݺģʲô˵ҪĶҲ࣬İŮ˺ͺӣڶˣҲ֪ˡ


70
Ϊһֱ뿪ҲԼ뷨ѣ
¥֣ݺҲǸմӶ淿һۣû˵ֱ¥ˡ
棬ԶȻԼ˵ǾͲ˵ˣں档
֣ݺͷ¥ȥڵĶӺܴ·СģԷǳٶߡ
ûоͰں档
ۿžҪ棬Ͳһ̨ˣ֣ݺʹŵЬżһŵ൹ȥ
ĶţԼĶҪˣ˲Լһķȵ֣ݺ棬ۿ֣ݺ;ҪڵϣӲ棬֣ݺ͵ȥ˷ϡ
֣ݺͼſϣµĿżŶӣӲȥģҲѹ˶ӣѪʱ˳Ⱦ˵档
ֱһˡ
۵ֱðûкּϵֻΡΡ˼ȵĵ绰
ȾȻˣ֣ݺϳʵͦס˹ȥ
һԾˡ
ָϵҽԺʱ˶ڻ״̬
ǩ֣ǩ˱ַ±ʵ˲䣬ֶǲġ
޴󰭣ʱԹȥˡ
֣ݺ͵Ͳ̫ˣ쵽ԤˣͻȻ飬ײˣĸ˶Σգֲò
ֻܾҽҪֻϣһԸ
ҲǻŵģԼҽԺһһˣһ˶ûС
ϴ֮ڣһ˶ûС
Ϊ֣ݺͲģ֣ݺأ
ֱ۸̶ʯ࣬˶ֻ֣һߵϣԶ
治Զָҽ˵ϣ֣ݺĸƽҽ˵˾Ͳˡ
˶Ҳۣ˺ѵۣʱԱߵĻƿҲˣѹ˲Ƭϡ
Ϊ֣ݺͣ˺ۡ
Űװ׵컨壬һ˳˼
ʶķӦҲǿģκһ
Ϊ֣ݺи
˺ܾãָоһͶȥˣܾúܾãҽڳˣЦףĸƽ
ָлҽȥ֣ݺͣӺڣƣֵϲ¶һЦݡ
֣ݺ۵û˹ȥ϶ǺˮĶͷӣһЩʱ䣬ãӸԵ֡
ӵģǺӵƨɣͷҲûмܿɰ
㿴źӺţȻͻȻڵϣ˹ȥ
ʿæ̧һߵĴȥ
иŮʿȻЦˣȻ˹ȥɼǵĻˡ
ҲɷιȥǼټ١
öԷһǸ޶ĺøס
߽Դϲһߵ컨Ҳ˯ߡ
ֻʾʮδӵ绰
֣ݺʹģ֪Լ¥׹ȥ汻ӣԱԼĺӣʱӯ
Ϊӱסˡ
ִľ⸱֣ݺͶźĬĬᣬ۾޺ˣš
֣ҿˣӺܺãģھ͵ˡ
ҪޡΪȥᣬһǰᡣ
۵׵ĺ࣬ԴԺҲû˯һκþ۶ֻҪԵĶΪ
ϰĺãڿδ˶ù
ȱٵİƫִԣõˡ
Ϊʲôϲ
ش𣬾ͲϲֻǺ£ŪĻӣһͱٵˣֻǲҡϲֻ֮Ϊ֮ŮɫܸİȫУѸͶ֮ϡ
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֣ݺͿǧ飬Ҳϲʲô
ʣҪһ𰸡
ʵҪ޷һŵһİˡ
ץ֣ʮָۣϲһУԣ̣ӣɰֱס
Ҳ֪ϲʲôϲһС
Ҳ֪ˣ࣬˼ˣҺΨһһֱһֱԶ
ûûо飬Уǵ滨ԻҵͷԺ֤㿴
ҵͲǰ׳ģҪһЩûеĶΪĿɽһǣִ֣֮ͷϡ
飬֣ݺͶݡ
˵طΧ˸ȥ
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轨еԶһĵطڣֽ᣺ֳ˰ְ֣ҲˣҺݺͲʹҲοˡ
ֺ֪ᵶᰮ飬֣ݺͺ󣬶ŮкøУ˾ǹƵġ
ŮǺŮ˵ģ֪֣ݺ͵ĲףرͻСҪ⡣
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ǲԾЩģ·ڤڤ֮йô
Ŵ򿪣һźӵϸˣġ
ʱͷ˺ܶ࣬źӣϹſĵЦݣһߺź˯һţЦŵʱϷƣСãʣʲô𣿡
ں˯̫ˣԵһᰡ
ĸźӽҷź˲ųЦŸˮʦҲ´Ļ
ŮԴӵʦԺ󣬾кӺͼҳ½½ݷãǸлʦģģյġ
Ůмʦˣܿİ
֮ǰŮģôȰʦԸ⣬治֪Լͨˣ˽ʦҵ˵ɼ
ϰ鶼ܽ
߶߶˵ţֻһߵͷ
óúҸҲܿģĺܿ֡
һᣬҲˣҲסͬһСǲͬķӡ
ƽϰæӣ°˾ԼϹ
æȥţ¶΢ЦˣѧˣɣСòúܱ£߶
Ů̳ѧ̫ˡ
𡱿ŵСЦ˵ˣСﲻҵѧ
õȷÿ׵ˡ
˼ڿÿ
лл𲻺˼ץץͷʵסģͬѧסСӦҴطˣ˼鷳ˣҲͬѧǾǸˡ
ЦŸʳһЩС갮Ե**ǿˣ˷߰ɣ
㱣ڣϴεһһ


71
ǲԶģһл͡ˣ˼ӣŶӣٷΪġ
ĸЦˣѽСﶼˣҲߣԵҼҳԸɡ
ҲԶǶ顣
ôСܿҳߵģԼܳҲûǮҲҲڶӿ϶Ƕˡ
Σ˷ߡ
ˡ𡱵ЦҳߣǴԽʱհ
Ѿ׼õķ˳Щ˶ܺĿζĲ˲ͬмҵζ
뷹θڷǳãĸŮЦˡ
˿ңϤģ𡱵ĳҲû䣬㣬ܿ±ǨĺۼҲˡ
ʱ÷ˣժϵӣɳϣñš
û˷С
ǰ˱ĸ͡𡱡
ǶҪúõģ˵
ųż·𡱾׷Ԫ
ؼҰɣûʲôǲܺͼ˹ͨģСҪ
Цͷߺš
·һ磬ǵžǽޡ
µݣڽϣǮƺҲЩЦЦЦ֮дȻȥԼ𰡡
һС̯ǰ£˼տԵ춼ͣٸ뿪
ţ·̯һСɰĹΡ
̣ʲôѽһʣһС˱һϹϣܿɰ
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Լ𣬰ݺ㰡Һÿɰһһȥ֡
мڵϣҺá
ʲôԢ𣿡
ƽǶģ㿴ģԹڳϣСģڰϣ߹ԿϣǺܺÿġ
˸ؿÿֿɰؼǰݵܺš
̣Լ𣿡
ǰû¾
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һһҲʱ䡣Ц˵һ߸ٿģҲܺÿ
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Сģ²չˣȥģҲ˵ҪĻ
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ܲˣٴοϵˣһ˫ӣɫĴЦţݵյһһ΢Цı顣
ˡ
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ǸǼֵƣлؿû
ȻĴˣǲŵı飬̫ˣԭˡ
㿴֮
ؿԢ⼪ҸƽģҸˡ
֮סţù˿Ҳ֪ʲô
ģҴûѹַǿѧԽ͵飬̫ˡ
ɲܲţҪԶ֮
㣬׷ʲô
ٸϸ˵ȰţһǸģպˣǲͷ
֮Цһ£ؿڿҼˣο


72
̫֮Ƿˣʱ֮
үӵһ˽ˡ
֣ݺҲˣûбźӣһЩǸ⡣
Ҫ棬ͺӵ˵
һֱ֮Ĺϵ֮ԼһԸ֮û˼
Ǹ
轨ˮͲƷô˵ǶǸлģҪû֣ݺ͵ĺӾͱסˡ
үӿһȦﶼʪˣŲ߶ãͷ飬ȻҪˣԼҲҪΪ˾˾ͺԼ
֮ǰ͵鷢ڻķˡ
ѾͷһҲʡġ
𿴵үҲܿģᶼ̲סˣүүˣûµġ
Ժ󲻻ˡ
ҲٴλصԭǸˣеĶѾˡ
ִڡ
ү̧̧ͷߣ֮óλ
죬ͻ˵ĻƭͷӣҲŲϵˡ
үӿ˿һȦûԶ㿴ԼݳʲôӣѧھͲҪȥѧˣ壬ʱҿݣǾϢһȥѧ
ලģҪȰ˵
˺ˡ
¶һεЦݣʵĺöˣûôصүү
λԵʱȻϴγ˺ܶ࣬Լû־͸֧ĲʸС
ֻҪһʱ䶼ˣʮɡ
үӲɣͷ˵㡣
ѲƷʲôķһߣЦ˵үү˵ǣС𰡣ȰãҪ
Ϊүÿ춼ۣ֮ǰ۶үӶˡ
п˵ϴǵȷ鲻죬Ϊ³
˼ڻӣĶϱԼŵһߡ
ĵĸл
ؼ˶ǼҵĶ鲻ݣǵˣǵӹɷݺǮʲôģҲͨˣ͸ˡ
ԺҲ˵ˡ
轨Ҳ˵ǰֻҪú壬鶼ùܣ¾ͷԸȥҪǸҲ͸ң
Щ˶̬ͻȻת̫ˣЩʴӣ㶵ģ֪˵ʲô
֣ݺֶ͡˵˺ܿĻʵЩӦã仯Ҳ̫ˡ
ϴλҵʱ໹ۣЦôᣬܸоܱŤ
ֻͷǵĻӦã޻˵ˣ˾Ȼȥˣ֣ݺ֮ǰԶ˵лл
֣ݺͿӺǲˡ
үûߣ˵һЩӵĻѽСʱôˣҸ˵ھ֮ǰҪȱ֤ԼİȫҪäĿ嶯ԼСȥˣ
ȻǾֵĺӣҲһŮֱ⣬˵ʵûƫǸ˯ʵǲܡ
ԺܺúչԼͷӵˡ
˵үүҶˡ
ڵʱǸ޶ԡ
үӿ֮һۣھС˳۶ˣ벻˻ͦ׵ġ
Сûѡˣˡ
ү֮ļʾչ˺𣬲Ҫʧָ˵һЩ뿪
ʱлദ
˶ˣҲûʲôҪˣԱ۾Լһ
һͻȻˣûзӦ⧲
֮ѡһؿһ𣺡ҪԼţ
һһԢⲻ
һۣŲǣһүүһ
ԢⶼǺõģһһͺˡҪ¹Σκιζ԰ֲǷҪؿС
Ȼ㲻ҪҲУ
֪򼸸ûԼһĺܿɰ
֮ŵԼĿڴĿ֣ûȥ
ĶǾͲҪٴˡ

㵽׾ʲô˵˵´ңҾͲôԭˣ֮˵һ԰ӡ
ԼһֿȵɣҪ
˶Դ˲мһˣվڸߴˡ
һصҼңһ˵ݣǸң֮ҾʹСԶһڣҾͷԼˡ
Ժٻȥô죬㶪Һǵĺӣôģ֮ſڴ߲ûеᣬװĵŮˣ
ȥץͷ**òӲŰֻ֣ûһƲӴʯͷ
̧֮ͷԹ״ǵĺӶҪûĵŮˣ
ΣôǱ˸ӣ⣬еְ
֮˵֪Ҫʲô
ҿ㲻ң˵Ժ󻹸Ҳȥһ磿װװȡͬģǲˣĲԣҪ֪Ȼ֣
Ҫ֪֮뷨ͻ̸һȭ
֮˵֮࣬ƽʱӡ
ո֣ʵڲʺ
Ժ󲻻ȥˡѾûִˡ
Цݲÿ֮ζ
ܾ֮Цʲôֲֵֹ֪ġ
ɵЦʲô̲סˡ
Ц£ԭȵͣǶ٣
ҿ֮û뵽˵㲻ϹӶ˰ɣ
ʽţ۲ݣòеܲ
ҹʱǶꣿ²¿ţ۲ݣңһԿϵɫ档
飿кӣ
𲻵µЦͲ˵ż¡
֮죺ʮ
ʮӦϹͺˡ
ҡͷ֮˵ʮ壿
ʮ
ʮ
ҡͷ֮ˣ㵽׶꣬ǣѾǸ˰ɣ
Ҳûֿܣǲܿóġ
̫ţʱŶʮģμ˹ꡣʱᣬôأ
Իֶǲôõģ̸һѣ˼ܲ䵭ˡ
ܲ䵭ͷˣ֮ӶҪЦʹˣͷһ˵
θ䵭ҵÿԺܲܵˡ֮Ц˵ţ氡
䵭ɲ䵭
˼ز¶Ѱôó
ǣǣ֣ܾǰɶΪһҲܻЩֱ˵ˡ
Ĳ룬ǣϲǸ˲
ǰɣΪڱ֮Ҳν
ǿģ
֮ЦˣĺãᶼҪңҲˣҪϴˡ
һᰴʱϣðװֵģ˼Ҳ͵ߣ
봸ˣǲǽˮˣ
ſڱ춼⼸仰
һ㡣
ʲô֪֮Ҫʲô
΢Цظչһ㡣
֮⣬ˡ


73
֮չа˫ȥգһҲ顣
֮ȻǸƤ״̬޵ˣץָкܲ
鶼ˣñˡ
֪µŮˡ
֮ԼˣŹա
㵱ߣèأ֮û˵
о˶Դǵ׽Ūı飬С
񫣬ãǰûûĻ
԰ɰСèè
ϲܿɰСϲＸëģ֢ߣǲôġ
û
֮ԸհףȻǺ
֮ȥ̫ˣû⣬ָһҲá
ˡ
Ե㶫ֵģǼˡ֮˵
𷭰ۣ࣬Ƿ޳ܣ
ðɣǺܴһֶ˵ˡ
֮ЦĴʻٵĿ˶һ㣬սɣ
ư
û˵죡
òĲĶ֣˭뵽һȻôࡣ
ŸΪУⲻûԭ
ڸտʼ͸š
֮ǰ˺ˣҲ˵ˡ
Ǹƺмί
˵ۣȻûһ˯ˡ
֮˵⻰ͻȻȻѾ˯ˣشࡣ
Цˣղ˵Ļһֶû
֮ѱϳ˳ֱһסˡ
˯ݡ
𳤵úܺÿƤ׷ʺãüëŨҲҪָոպá
ʱ֣ݺϵѣ֣ݺ;ǺѣǼ𼸴Ρ
֣ݺϵһۿֻŮĳЩѵ̫ˣ̫ϲ֡
ϸôô˳ۣǿˣ
ü֮䣬ܿͬһЩСϸڵı仯Ϻɫ֮ǰֱǻˡ
Ȼ𼸴ΣĲʶû뵽˵ĹϵȻ£Ҳ벻ġ
Ϳ˳ۣʱģǺܿɰ
֮þãʱ뵽֮ǰ飬еЦ
ȥѯҽһЩҪעϸڣֻ¼д
ҲȷҪã˼û¾ͿԳԺˡ
үӱԺģ˼ҽ˵ˣֲִ𣬻ͬԺˡ
ӵʱǺүסµģʱүӳȥߣµĿܺˣо˶˲١
轨кһΣѾȫˣҲûʲô֢Լġ
ڼүӻ֮ôʶģ˵ѧУģʱ˳̫˧ˣ̲ס࿴˼ۣʶˡ
Ȼ˵滰ˡ
үҲ֪Ļм漸ּ٣ҲܣȰ˵ҪһϾͲˡ
ЦҲ͵Ц
֮һһԼȫôࡣ
үֻǲ֮үүͷ˻ˣŮͷһˣͷǸ˻ˣ
Ҳգһء
ˣѧУҲżˣʱ֮٣ҪѧУԲŷż٣һֱүӴһ
֮ǿԲģкüſԣſģˡ
ѧУооΧĿ˲١
֮ʱүڵֲˡ
һ̫ñӣŷɹ£ϴЬ·մ˲Ҳˣֻһڵء
үЦǺǵؿʱ̫бֻյһС֡
֮Źת͵ݵһ·˾·òҵ
үүҲǵģǵҪˣ֪ӦÿˣҲתˡ
ү˵СǲܿģҲ˵ǣΪǣҴæ͸ˣ˭֪үһ
һ䣬·ʣµľһЩԵĺ
ױƷǸģڿ泯죬Ǳɹ˲٣ƺҲòϡ
ãԵˡ
𿴵֮ˣѳͷ£µʯͷԺˮ
Ӵǵִүѽһǿ׳Ͷ
ү۾ЦСϢһɽǣ
ȻˣˣҪǻһٿžǲˡ
һᣬҷźͺá
֮ȥźãһûĿ
ʾոùǰѳͷͿˡ
֮ȥûɵġҵ
үֻһС֮ûɶЩˡ
Թ
үֺǺǵģ˼ƬҶӵţߣ˵СִʦͨȻ֪ôɻ֮ǰһɣ
СЩ͹ȵˣ뿴СӶģûҲᰡ
еǰ;
֮˿ˮɣûУүү˵Сʱ飬µظɻʲôģǸɻһѺ֣Ҳ֪Ĳãүүɱ֡
о仰ûԹѵû
Ҫһ㼼ɣԵĶԺԲƣ֪ġ
ڳǰǫһãͶװ֪ɡ
үЦţ˵滰ϴ֣ĲУ֪ǻͿҪˣ̴Ҳῴˡ
ҲŵˣûˡǶ϶˵
Ҫ˵ͳүӵŵͳֱ죬˴ǻ࿴˳۵ġ
е棺үүʱ˶ð
һǲ׵ģս̫ĶԶԶ벻ġ
ǸʱҺүүһȥһ࣬ξʮ꣬˵ɼһͷ˶φ
ҺھʶģĹŵģܺʱܶϲ͵͵дűϦ죬ҲյһţһȻģҸ˻ˣʱ򾭳׽ŪһΪǲЩС뿴ЦҾͼװûյ
죬Ҿ·ˣңҲ֪ģɸ˻ˡ
ү˵ϻǺܸˣʱȷ̫ˣܶʱҪӣһһѱˡ
еˣС֣ʣµͶͽˣɲҪҵһȥߣ˳ҲȥԼദɡ
϶Ҳϣ
֮Ӧ£𣺡үүӣû°ɣ
ܾе㲻Ծûƽл
Īũ۵ˣ
ӦҪעݽϵġ˵



74
֮˼ͻȻʧ⣬Ҳ룬Ҳûа취˼Ҹ
Ͷˡ
֪үϰ飬Ҳ;ϵ̣Ͳˡ
СʱңûзˣȻҲûм档
˶˵ܺãֻǻ˾֢޷ҽΡ
үӺĸܺã÷С޲£ǳ
һߣүڶûҲʼûȥҹˡ
žһİɣȻ˵Ĳ࣬
°ͣһľӴҪԼһʱǻûӦˡ
㲻ҪЩ˼Լ뷨ġĲˡ
̫ˣϾүԼ飬˲֡
֮ȻҲΪǾǿﲻ̫ܣүүһ
㿼ˣ𣿡˸⣬֪֮ѧϵ ѧĶƫƵĶǺѰ֪ԿԵĿ
ðɣֻ򵥿Ϸѵ˵Ὺġ
ֻվ˵ۡ
֮ҲҪģʱˡ
֮ͣ£תڵķ򣺡˵أ
С֪ʲô
Ĺӳ˳ȥѽҾǹĹˣôһҲ⣡
㿴㿼ԣοˣΪŮѣҲǾˣ㶮ҵģ
֮ͷϵĺˮһСأҲżԱߡ
뿴ҵĺϷ𣿡
룡
˵ҪͷǼûŹˡ
һУҲͷץȥ󵹣Ĳȣץţ֮ͷһץĽ֮ͬһһȥ
ʵʵѹϣأʵͯ۰
ƿѽҶ߶֮ͷϣ񶾵ˣıƺ
֮ͷʹţֱһƵһߣͷվˣ֪ʪ࣬Ҳȫǡ
ҧгݣ¶һڰҧ״ҪСҲҪǮƣҾͽһɫˡ
㻹ңСıүŹ㣡Żв
Ŭ죺Ҫ˵ûеĶ
֮
͵ɻҪȥһժ㶫Լæ
˧磬úüͰ쵼ҪȥѲˣӴЦ֮ļ򣬵Ȼ΢ڽŲĵļ
߲㰫ˣһ𣬺񻹰ܶࡣ
Сӣ֮ѳͷȣʾ
˵ʲôΪˣҲ̫ˣȻ˵СӣȻǺܸߣҲˡ
ܺǰ˲٣ǣȻ˵Сӣ
̣
֮Ц˵СССӣ
Ҿ˵ˣ𣿻ҵɫҲԣҲģڵأɻ˵
Ǿҵ
ҧң˵ҾҪñˣ
֮˵ÿÿִ˵ĳ嶯
ǳ֪˼ն
֮ͷɻ̧ͷ˵ˣӭ
ģǮûУɫһһģΪΪˡ
Сӣ
һҶ˺ƬҪȥժԵ㣬Ͼôҿ࣬Ȼʶģ͸
ߣ
߹ȥվǰͣ¶ЦſЦʮơ
˿ģЦ˫ֿٶ۵˺ü¡
ͽ̫ԡ
үֹӣ֪ɷⰡ
Щߵһߣ֮Ҳ¡
Цݵֿģ̲סԱߵɹЦ
֮ǻһӾˣҪȥָϽߣͣ¼ͷݺݶСӣţ
˳𲻱Ǿӣ
ˣ
ЦĻ֦ҲûԶһЩһƨ
н񱣬϶ܲˡ
ԣү˧رϣţе㾦֮ʣŷ·׹䷲ʹ˧ˡԲԵؿһͨ
֮ӡλ࣬ĿͻأеݵļӸС
ʮָЦܻ
֮أһݺݵ˵ʰ㣡
ôô򷢵ģ
ף֮Ȼȥϴƣǵнģôã
ѵûнˣˣ
ʾĻɡ
֮ڸѳͷһߣ԰׳̵ٶȳ
û뵽ͻȻϽܣ̫˻ûˤһߡ
ʱ֮Ѿˣʧ
νһʧǧźޡ
֮ЦŴսܣ
æҡͷЦûûУҾվӭ㡣үˣ˰ɣóͷȥϴϢһɣȻۻˡ
֮ΪһᱻƭҷŹ㣿
ŶûС
ǣӱʮ겻еʱӽ󣬱̫ɹ˺ܾˣҪʱϢⲻǣ
ˡ
ȷſ֣ץ֣ܸо
ʲô
͵У
㣬һֱˣ޿ˣײԭŵɡ
ִ٣ҴˣСĴˣҲˡʱϴ̬á
֮Цۿ˵ˡ
սս𶼿쿴ĽëˣҲֻۣ΢е㿹ܣԺεıš
֮ϵͶŪϡ
СУ
оպоƺĻϸЩϵ;ʹֲˣմϡ
һٲ绢
֮ſ𣬾Ӹ£֪𣿡
ͷˡ
վվһϴƣҴˣҲˡ
㲻˰ɣʡ
֣֮ϴ̬пɣҴдʱԭˣ
𣿡ȷ
֮ͷǰ
С£Ȼǲˡ
һһӣһѣôأ
˵Ǿͺá
߽ܽһѱס֮һֲ
Ǹٽʩչ˼ƣе㷴ӦֻǷڶ
ȻǸˣ
ĻźܿĵЦ⣬֮ͲסһֱЦļЦòˡ
֮˵ȻǵǸҾͲˡ
Ҫ
ָҪͱĻֹˡ
Ҫʲô
վֱ壬ִ֮Ӻ󱳷ŵͷϣ֮ͬʱһ͡
лң
ػˣٳүڵķˡ
֮ݺݵģ㣬ŮСүţ
ʵܲˣųȥϴˡ
Ȼûζܲ˰


75
ܵүߣүš
ǶĴɽɽǱһ޼ʵɭֺɽ£һĺӹȵشˮںӹȴˣˮġ
ôģүӿһģš
Ц˵ûأǿ֮ɻʹ졣
ʵ׽Ū֮û֡
ҲүԱ£һ𿴷羰
㿴ɽƯ˴ͻáүӸ֪̾үүһΪʲôΪûκεӲƷǻֻǺܹصƷƽʱܴ绰ѾǺϡˡ
Ƕʱ䣬үүСʱҲ³ģ汻ӻؼҶڵʲôģǺúõġ
ˣСҲӡүӼǵǺϲӲƷ֣нӵģ칫Ҫ۾
⻹ǰСʱߵġ
ʵүȫԩ֣ɲȫϷǶлǶʱӵġ
ÿ춼ҪĴף̫רע˸ۡ
Ҳӣÿ˯ˡүģүӵϢһɣ˴ѧˣƽʱҲٿӲƷ
㵹ǺܺáҲ̵з
үӻǺԺġ
ˣСȥˣ֮Сˣһڸ
һũûɣҲ̫ˡ
Ц˵ȥ·˰ɣүүеҪǴ˵Ȼͷ۵ģҪȻȥɣȥժˣǵȻԶ
ڴĵˣߵӳ극ҲС
ү˵Сȥ¨
һСһҲҪ£ܰ׳԰׺ȡ
ЦǵȻˣҪģ͵
үվĿϵĳ߰ɣҲȥ
档
үӵʱ֮·Щȥˣүһˣʱͷ뷨
үүȥˣ
Ҫȵ㶫𣿡˳˵֭
ѹ֭͵үϣһ𣬻⸽һݺݵ
š
͵ûпһڹ֭
үӷǸСְȻСȥժЩ߻ȻǾûгԵˡ
֮æӦ£˳ʰ
ͻȻ뵽Ҫ֮һ뵽Լոյ׳٣ͻȻЩˡ
֪Щˣû֪¡
ߣ֮Ѿ˱¨ڴߴˡ
ֻøȥ
Ķߣֲʶ·ѵҪ·
Сɵӡ
ѵڵᱨ
Ҳǿͷ˵˵廹ô
벻
֪֮뷨֮ӡͣԭȵСͶϣгرġ
ҪȻ͵Ϯ˻֪
ι㿴Ȧ𣿡֮棬Դ
ͷʲôÿģ΢Ȧûмˡ
ҲȦ
֮ͷһ㿴ȥȻȥǵȥ
úúãҵȻȥͿ֪֮Ҫʲôѵʲô˵顣
Ƿʲô˵飿Ҳˡ
֮ЦԴһЩĶ𣿡
ôģ϶ҪôҶġ
ȻĿĵġ
벻ܷʲôǺܺ뿴ˡ
˳ǲֻģֻлȥٿˡ
Ӵ·սһС·ͦģ˲Ŷû⡣
񣬻ڵ̫ߡ
ʲôʱȥ֮ԼҲס˶ãԼ˾飬飬ҪԱߡ
ȻĿԺһڡ
ΨһõľүҲû۸Ŀԡ
Ǿͻط
ȥǺˣźŲãʱ֮绰϶ġ
ҲȥˣȻⱲʳˣҪԼ
¡ʱȥɡ
㡭֮һ취ûУ˵˵
˵£
㡭
˵ˣʡ֮˵
ʲôˣҲǷǮ
ҪǮһԶûС
֮˿ӿڵʲôǮȱǮ
ҪǮҪϰë
֪֮еġ
Ǯ֮ƬҶӷͷϣҶӷͷϻеװãҺû֡
ˣոôң㲻õҵԭ£
ܼѾƪˣոյҲڵңȻ֪ոʲô飬ҲҪеڵҿûжа㲻á
֮Ƹ磬Ǹҵڵʲô飬Ȼҵҿɲ𡣡
˵𣿡
һû˵ˣðɣҳϴǸҴִүұ֮һֵǸ⣬Ͼ˺СҴ飬ҵĴ
ҵǸˣүɻ⣿
⡣
ͻȻϮ
֮ɷ¿𣬲һЦǿͷǸõĻҪ
ʵǣʵһ㣬ҪʵĵǸ
磬һʲôģҲǲԡ˼˵ǴЦݡ
·ǿ˼ЦͦɶļЦ
ŲҪ뵽ͬķʽû뵽Ȼһʽ
ȻռıˣǴһֺ̡
㣬ҵͷ£˵ռˣԼ˴ˣ֮Ȱ˵ҪȻҲǮɣҲҪ࣬һۣһɡ
ѡһѡǰ߻Ǻߣ
Ըԭ򡣡
תίͰ͵شӦһѡǰ߰ɣ̫ˣҲ㡣
Ҳڽš
֮ͷˡ
Ҫõһǻѡ
Ů̫ߣֻѭѭգˡ
˵۾
֮˳ͷ۾
ۣЦݱеае֮ĻЦͬʱЦһرֲЦݡ
ظϴεĶַϣݺ¡
֮ӦҪʲôʱ򣬻ָշϵʱ
ȣĴźˮһӾۡ
ߡ
ҲǾӣ͵С˺ˣ˵ţϲϲǰ档
֮һƸţеεĺЦ
̶Ҳڲ֪ˣ˾ͦġ
űЦһʱ
ϰ߲ãø
ȻһҲռ̫Կˡ
֮˲԰֮ǰµģдཷа¶лƹϵȡ
֮ʼǶһ߿ժţ˶Զˣ֮ಽĺ档
ཷִүʶ𣿡ժ˼ݸ֮


76
֮ͷùһཷʲôʶģֲûԹཷⶫ̫Ϥ˰
㵱ǰ׳أ֮ཷŵ¨ˡ
ݹͷŵ¨
һΪ㲻ʶأ֪ܶཷⶫܳԣҲͦóԵģǾǲ֪ôġ
СʱүүϲŪֶ֮һڣƲأ
֪Ŀɱˣ֪ģҲ֪
Ҫŷ￴ˣ˿ġȻᣬɶĶ٣ӴĺѧĶҲࡣ
ĺ֪ܶ¶ԣ̫˰ɣ
Ц˵ԣү˵֪ˡ
ﶼүүµģжͻƹϣһػϣȥժϳԣ
Ҫһȥôණͦ۵ģ֮ڣǾͲˣֻҪһ˾ͺˡ
һֺõ̡
֮ˬ˵ðȥȥ£һֱҲġ
㹫˾ǲǺܶడͻȻ뵽֮һС˾Ҫ̫ĻȻȥɣҹƻһӡ
ھͦġ
ȻƸߣҸɽʲôҲ࣬ľ࣬һɽȻһٻ㼯·ˮȥ
ؼǵĺ㣬ЩССģҲͦ࣬ζܺóԡ
ƽʱûºүүøȥˣеǣǴһӾȦ׽㡣
רŪǱˮܺĶ㡣
֮ǰδй飬ںܴܾá
һд̫ʱųȥȻˮ䡣
ûµʱһںӱţҲǳ
㻹үү𣿡֮ϣҲܿȥ
ȻʱƤһ㣬߻ͦû˼ġ
ǲſʼ̸ܾöܼһ棬ƵģҲ̫ί˰ɡ
Ҳǣүүģܶ˶ѣֻǾ档ѻƹϷڱ¨ŪһЩСˡ
ˣǻȥɡô˹ˡ
֮Զһ㣬һˮԱˡ
һ¡
֮һ£ѱ¨һñ
Ӧòذɣƹͦصģܶ඼ҪˣͶժһЩ
ǱƽʱҪؼġ
ز֮󣬱¨һϱ֮ί˵ذ̫ˣ
أոԷе㡣
֮һӦеģ뵽ǴСڳģûũѾ˺ܶĵأôЩ·ʲôģӦò֧ˡ
ȵȻᣬ֮ͣ£ʱһӣԭװཷģڿһЩƹϡ
һֻƹϣҲǷȥһҲôˡ
Ǻõģ֪֮Ҫʲô˺ܿ
Сɵӣ
ɵ˵˵ȻҲţ
ſմӣͣ£һ㰡
Ҳ棬Ż˵صģæֵһ㣬ȻҪ
ƭģô˻еģˡ֮ɪ˵ţ𼸲
ǿЦãٴʣȷҪҰæ
һӣʹǽģһʼҲ̫ĥˡ
Ȼȥ϶۵ûز
֮ЦôҵģӾ˽
һ˵ɺˡ֮ǰͽ߼춼УҲû۹ʹۣҲˡ
ҪˣȻһЩ־ҲһЩһЩ⣬ǿжı仯
߼·ġ
û˵ûñù㡣
ǿɣȻ۵ȥȡЦ
֮Ĳأеˣͣ´ӱ¨ĸཷƺͲУཷŵеĴ
ˣѾҷֵһ󲿷ھı¨һ룬ûиոôˣȫĹ͡
㡭޻˵ʵ̲סЦ˵ǲв
һ̫㣬ˣ
֮ǰߣ棺ⲻҪҷֵһЩ
ֺЦģһ˿˼ĳɷ֡
㡭ûãͷ࣬Ӳԣɼסˣ
¶ݷģƽҪҪ뿿ϵûţ
֮Ц֪СҲýζͨͨڣ磬ʲôԡ
ʲôԣظ
Ȼ㰡**Ҷԣұ֤С⡣֮ЦøţȨҲֻСӵС
ȥ㿪أ𲻸ţ˲ò࣡
ôоԽԽˣȻûñԾͱ¶ˡ
֮һûУ˵Ķġ
ҹ治棬гùʣȥСݴţ
ˡ֮Ժί˵š
ģίСϱ
ɫݻǰɣ㣬ǶҪˣȻᱻүү׼㣡
񻹳˲ٺˮ
ӿڴóһֽһҲ
ǲǺ᣿
֮һ鴤ҡͷǵģˡ
Ц˾˵ʵҶᰡ㲻Ҫڸв֪ˡ
ţǵģƤҲ񡣡֮Ц˵
ұȣ㻹˵㡣
һ˾û֮Ϲ
үӲڼңǳȥЩүү˵Цȥˡ
ʱ䣬һ㶼׼Եģ˷ȥ˽лԷ
֮ʱԼһ˴š
֮ȥϢҲȥһ߿
뵽֮ǰ飬ڷµ㶫кҩʲôģ֮࣬Ǻ֪֮֮ͷ㷢ˣҲû
ʵǱС˵ждеݣҶ֣ݺǲ벻ͷβ־Ůһܲҵ³
ǵԼŮһԲŲ֮ġ
ҿʼ㣬Ҿ;ͦദģңҿʼӡһҲáཷ֮˵ֹǽڷ޳Ưһ˫֡
Ŷ֮üëһҳô˧㾹Ȼң
ֽԺãʱеĸ߸˧ᣬ屶Ȼ뷨
ţ
ǲǾöеøУǾ̫˧ˣȴ˵
һ˵ˣҾǵ㲻ദС࣬Ǻܶ໵ȱ㶼ռ˲١
һ룬˲ദһƢãҵԶһЩ
룡֮вȥҵڶ붼롣
ˣҲĹôԵġ
ңȥʲôڶжɣĻǺϵġ
ཷ˲Ҫˡ
˺ˡ
֮кõཷŵ·⣬ٷཷ¹ּ˼ټһϣһཷ⡣
ûǷ뷨ȻԼ룡֮벻һ죬ƾŸ޷ˣ
ΪʲôӾǺͱ˲һһҲϡ
Ȼͱˡ
ڴӦС֪ˣζ
һ֮Գԣ⼸͵ģǳؿζĶζǺܶԡ
֮һ£ȷζƫ
֮죬Ͷι
£óԣζԳˡ
̰ɣʡ
պãʳˡ
СѲ˸ʳ
֮ѻƹĺãѻƹϷڱһᣬȻһĻƹϾͿԳˡ
һĩǣҲܿͺˡ
Ҫ֣֮ҪȻƾԼһˣٶǺģժʲôģǲ졣
һˡ
ĳѧģ֮Ѳ˶˳ȥôӸסһ̲ס⡣
ʵһʼͺ֪ˣܲʣˡ
ǸҲ෹̫Կˡ
ԼŮķˣ
Ź֭֮һҡϣ谡պ֮ǰǸ֣ʮˣ湤˾ԼһЩ򵥵ĲʽҲˡ
֪𣿡˵ұҵʱûжǮȻҲϲΪʡǮҼԼ³ģǱȽϻһ㡣
㲻ϲ֮ʾԼոЩòƺУûһ㲻ϲ˼
ǰΪÿ칤ۣҪڳʱôྫ˵ڳУǳһǲ
˵Һипһ㣬븻̫ˡ
ڲΪүүҵһУôµšɽˮȻְһȥٹˡ
֮ЦôͻȻôпģҪԼˡ
θ͸һСƵģܳԶ٣
˵ŲҪһԼģֲһˡ
ǣԺҺˡ֮˵
㣿ðɣҾΪѴӦˣҪƲʲôģҾ㣬ǿĺܣվ֮ļ
ȵţȥүү극
̫࣬ͦһϰ˵Ӳųڡ
ȥɣڼҵ㡣
ȥ֮ط䣬˿Ϣʼ֮ࡣ
ʮүӾͻˡ
үӱ֣ñӣһЦݡ
үүˣʢǿ֮ʢʢ˷һһںá
үӰͷǾġ
СҲԣûʲôдģֲ赭ģɲҪ
֮æ˵ûûУѾкܶˡС˵ЩүүֵģܳԵֲζ˻֪ôĽأ
СģʵѾߴˡ
죬˵ǻ˵
ԹĲ˻𣿻˼˵Ƥ
ү⻰ܸˣ⻰˵ǾԹ֭ƣһ
лүү֮վӺүһ¡
ɳԼģˡ
һٳһ뷹ͱˡ
Ź֭һ߿֮үүദ
֮澫ó⣬Ҳ֪һЩүӻ̸ͦ
һٷ˵гˡ
˵ˮһ߳ԣүӲǺϲԣ֮ˡ
ȥʳˣСЩʲôȻǵðС׼á
֪үү
ϴʰ֮꣬˵ϴɡ
ϴ롣
㻹Ϣһɣ첻𣿡
֮ϴҲûʲôǽ쿴е࣬ټϸүүôãϢһ¡
ϾǿˣһũǺܺá
֮ſڿϴ룺Ӵ֪ˣ
ţһǺܿġ
ǰҲ㣬˭أ˵ϵĶҲͣżѣٲһϴһµ緹ʲôܿˡ
ȲҪϴ裬ҵȻȥõط˵


77
ʲôõط֮úܡ
ȥʲôطأ
֮ǰҲδ˵
صģ˵֪˵ĵط
ȥӻһרģɵģиֿϡ
ҹֵͲǷˮģһ֮һ
߰ɡ
ֵͲݸֵ֮Ͳһǰ·
֪֮Ҫʲôˣȥ㣬Ҳֻóɡ
֮ǰһҲȥ
֮С·Щ·пӵġ
һûȥүүһ㲻ȥҶûлȥÿԳȥһ¡
ǺȥҹɽںģȻֵͲһˣе㺦µġ
ɽͷڣЩڵԱߣЩڲ˵ԱߣЩ·ߣ쾭ãҪϾе㲻ҡ
С·Ҳмġ
߹һС·ȥҲʮӵ·̣˻ˮ
ҹĺʱҲһЩƹ
ǵˣһΪС㡣
Ϻ࣬㶼ϳǰļ
ֻ˵ûۿ
֮ЬֱӾ̤ˡ
ˮе⣬ӦҲͻá
ĺö㰡Щ˷ܵشУҲǵһμô㡣
Һܶ඼Ǻܴġ
֮ѧǱˮͷˮ棬濴ܶȺȥ
㲻ٰûľ
ףˮôиװ׵ʯͷ񼦵֮˵ŰǸʯͷҿǵɣ
е㲻ţ
õͲһգǵѼ֪˭ҵѼµĵ
ܶ˶ѼһСܶʱܼѼѼ̫ˣҾ͵͵طµ
ѼŰɡ
ѼһΪѼ˿ߵġ
֮ڴɽּ侹Ȼܰװ׼Ѽе㲻˼顣
үүҲѼӣǼֻѼӾ;ںµǶ֪ǰѵµȥˡ
֮ǰҲüأǲ֪˭ҵѼӡ
Ȳ˵ץ㣡
˵꣬ͷˮ棬ֽŲã
ȻͿ޷ѵŵ
֮ʼֱŵģЩˣҲץһЩˡ
˴ץ˰Сʱ֮ˤںա
ǻ˽ţ嶼˽ˮ棬ȫ·ʪˣͷҲʪˡ
רĵظ㣬һһƬˮͷһ֮ˮˡ
Сĵ㣡
ĻΪʱ
ǻȥɡҲûץãСʱ㹻ˣҹ죬׸ð
֮ץץɼͷͷ˸Ͷ𣺡ǲڲͬ˧
ʪյͷʪ·ˮãһ˫Ь
Ц˵еģк߹ױȵ˧ѣ
֮壺̭ˣҴģø𣡡ǸʯͷŻãǲȥ̫ˣûüӦˤˡ
ҵȻˣ㣬ϹˣȥˣֻǾеЦ
ֱ֮׳˵ȥǵøҰȻëҪġ
һۣ㣬ĥĥҲˣ
ѾӺˡ
֮æϣյˮ
ûĵģϹҶôã
ߵ̫죬ˤͣһ¡
֮¶ݣһõĴЦݡ
˵ҵʱүҲûлܹȥһСʱүӻļҳأ
ջ棬һС㣬ٷһˮȥϴˡ
ϴȥ뽪Լһ룬ϴɴˡ
֮΢ţǵõȻȽǵҪϴ롣
֮Ϣ˽оůġ
ֽȥ飬ʱеãҲû
˯ˣ
ûбӣŮǱ˯
үҲûл֮ȥķš
ˣ
ſſͷţֻ̽ͷʲô鰡
ڶҪʮˣҪϢ˺ò
֮еΣͷӣ
ŶˣǸ㱻ˡ˵Լʲô飬벻
ԭǸ֮ñˡ
үү˵Ҫұˣ㾹ȻŰңҸ״֮űߣһС˵Ƶӡ
ץİѱˣ
үүŲ㣡һҲģܼ򵥣үү˵ǶԵġ
֮޵û취
ԽԽƤˣ
ֱȥұˡ
Ȼ˯£ҺҲ£ҲҪ
ıӶзһطǰóɹ֮Ͳóɹˡ
ֱϱףˡ
һӸ֮Ǳӣѱ׷һ֮ţǱףȻԼ׺þͿˡ
˸Ƿ죺̫ˣҪ˯ˡ
ִү
㲻ң
ҲױӰ
ԵģеģޣҲֱ֮ӻطţˢ͹صϢˡ
֮װûãֻԼűӻȥ
ױǻģǲô˯
֮Щп֪үӻˡ
ȥүӴкүүˡ
үЦŵͷǰû꣬ףСأ
˯ˣ
С˵̫˾Ϣˣ֮үɳ£үүҲȥϴɣϢ
үӺЩˮ˵СְҪҲɡ
֮е֪үҪ˵ʲô֪үӳ˵Щġ
ԣʵûôҪ
үү˵
үЦ˵СһִģĳˣͷӺйذˣΪʲôֵá
СְСǸܺõˡ
֪үү֮˵ܵʱġ
үӼ˵ڷĲµľˣȻѣ֮ǰҲֳܺãͷʼվױ䣬ر˵ģںԽԽˡ
㿴㣬ô㣬ԺҪ̳мģСȻҵһӣֵĶ࣬ԺǿԼү˵ţһȥ֮ı顣
ǶᣬҪǸģͲҪŵܵûôࡣ
ϣһ㣬ģ˳ȻɡүӻһתҪãҲǲӦġ
֮˵ģϲŻʲôģԺ󲻻̳мĹ˾ܺڿ϶ġ
ֻģЩģһֶҪ
Լ˽£Ҳ棬ϣСúõġүҲ֪֮ļЩͱ˲ͬ
ҲףҲúõģûгᣬѵá
㡣үӶ֮ӡ̣棬̫ϧˡ
ʵҲְֲϧȻһúúõģһ˵ĹϵҲֳ
үүҲ֪ҵģԣҲһġ
үӵͷȥʹСһɣ˸˵̫ѽڡ
Ҳż漸ٻȥ
֮Ӧ£漸û⣬Ҳôżȥ
ͷҪȥϴˣҲȥϢɡˣ첻𣬺ú˯һүЦš
֣үү֮˵Ҳˡ
үӿ֮ıӰҲųɳģͬ˳ˡ
ͣԼȲأ
֮ҲǸӣְĲλҲˡ
֪үӺ֮ǽһҹ̸̸֮֮Ҳ˵
ʱѾǵڶˡ
үһһʱ䣬ߵ࣬ͦġ
ϵ¶ˮûʧ̫ͳˡ
ôˣүӶͣ˯ˣ
Ǹʮϲ˯ˣүͨҲ
ϲڣһ㶼ۻˣȻҪ֤˯ˡ
˯˴оŸСʱˣѾ㹻үүԼȻѾѹˣ廹δѡ
ܵԺ˶ȻǸүӵĶģү̫ȾҪ
Ҳģ
⶯ģҪҲסֲͣ任ƣҪȥүνһ
Ȼ̫ءүӹЦţָͣ
ʮӣҡ˵ˣүүҽշݾ͵ˣȥ
˵ɿˣǵүӻҪȥһ
үЦҡҡͷԼר־
ȥ˵С࣬һףһţ̣򵥵;ˡ
үϴͣмһһŵ档
Сֻû𴲣Сӣһ·ϸɻЩ۵ˡ
źţ̣ͷ԰ûȥԶ
ǰ˵̫࣬Ѿɹƨˡ
˯һɣҲû˵Ū˸˾Ҳͦæġ
үôһ˵Զˣˣȥժϡ
Щ϶ˣҲԳˡ
үӺЦǶƻˣ
СӿСҲеܵġ
͵ǿϷˡ
ż˿ţ̣˵Ҳģ黹ҪģȻ׳԰׺ȣ
үЦ֧ҲҲǣ뷨ܺãӦɻ
ҲЦүү˵Ķԡ
緹үѵк飬ŵȥȥˣ֮һݳԵķźãԼȥԺҡ£һС˵ڿ
֮ʱѾŵˣʱеæϴ
үӺӰûҷŶŵģӦöˡ
Ȼүү˯ҪģϴЩˣ˯£Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˯ôȻҲû
۾ˣԺļ·ڿ
ûүүҵӡ᲻ۿۣ֮һҡϣ۾˵
ˣ飺ķģүүŲϹŶϢһ
ϼ˯ģ϶˯ˣȻ
ҹʲô
ۣ֮սһЩдЦƬӣɫ֡
붺
㣬´飬˾û
֮е飺ʲôأ
ӴĹʼǣ
ԼܿЩͦÿġ
æ
֮εͷţƬ翴㡣
ȥˣåȥͰɣţ۾ˡ
֮̾ŮˣٺÿҺÿ𣿡
ͷҲû̧˵緹ڳԼȥԣȻôȥ˯ɡ
ˣȥժϣ
ģ˵㡣֮ȥˡ
ǸʢĴҲһ˳м׺ţ̣һһԱߵϣҡοԶ
óԣЩƣ㲻鷳
רõСԺԡ
֮ȳ˼ٺ࣬С
ⲻһ¶˵˵𣿡
һ˳Զİûʳ
֮
ĳֹӵĳ࣬Զ˹ģһšɫְСģΪԵʣֽɫ
ţԶҲû
һװԺĻγһ
ſţ֮ˣ׽˸š
ǲɫɲͣһı顣


78
ɫɲͣ
ʲô֮ʣ
۾䵽ϣר־飬͵û
֮ȴӱܵĻᣬ˶׷ѵɫɲͣ
˵Ĭˣ
ߴϵϣܵ˵ԣÿ˾ͲԶˣΪѾ˷һ
Ȼˣ
ֳ֮꣬Ա
˵ȥժȥɣ׼ˡ
ȥ㲻ȻȥϢϢϢһأ
أ
ͻȻˣҪҲһҿ֮͵ϵ֡
ͭűܣҿҸ㡭
ס죡æ飬˫Ų֪͸ʲôһҲϲԼȥ
ȴţû˵밲һҲˣ
طȥ֮һС˵רҵ飬۾ѧ
鶪֮ǰúÿⱾصģ뿴ܿأ
ܹʹ飬ˡ
֮һ˼飬еЦȻҪѧϰ
ĪǾʦǿ˵ĺѧ
Ҫǳȥһ㲻ģҪó
鼸ǴۣǿѧĶҲࡣ
ѧùܶࡣ
ǵģҪúѧϰϡ˵㲻Ҫ˵ˣҪ飡
ڿ˾ʲ֣֮˵̫ˡ
֮η飺ðɣ㿴ģҿҵģ档
ҡϣʼ鿴˼֣ɴס֪˯ˡ
ſģ俴˯˵֮
ˣطȥ˯ǲȥȻ˯ˣ
Ǽһ治ɳƤΪڵٲֲҵʲôʱﶼǺġ
鿴ҲЩˣ˶ſ˯ˡ
үӻⷬ˼ЦЦҲûӣȥˡ
ȵ֮ʱ򣬷ү˶ˡ
˶̫˼𻹺ã֮
ȥժϣʱֺ֣ݺʹүӡ
ү˸һȥ
ô죬ҲһЩûãѧϰҲ±̫࣬ԻǺ֮һȥˡ
ȥ˿轨з򸾲ŻصԼԢġ
֮һȥûӰˣȥæˡ
ÿ춼Ǹϰ֮࣬ȥͼݿ飬ϾڼҴš
֮ڼңûôʱͼݣ˼ʱʵҲࡣ
صңͻȻӵֵĵ绰ϡ
ȷһ£Ǹ֮𣿡ź࣬˵һҪһ
ţǵġΪʶ˶֪ˡ
ҲûʲôɷϵģϾ֮Ůѹϵ
ҽ쿴֮ˣ˼Ҫ͸´ضˡ
Ϣе£첻Ҫˣ
û֮ʱں̸飬ңúбҪ֪
û˵
˽£㴦ɣҪүү֪ˣ˵鷳㾡촦
á
˵绰Щš
Ȼ⼸֮һʱ䲻࣬״̬ġ
ദʱ䣬ģôͻȻҪˣ
Ȼ˵ģϢ϶ġ
´أǸҵĶС㣬ҲǺһ壬ҵרڵġ
´أ֮£˵֮ǰһֱѧġ
Ҳ˽⸶ңЩ鷢ϡ
ǳϸʾ´ڸҷǳܳ谮
ڻûʽּҵѾռһЩɷݡ
ҾһŮеԴǸģ˵Ǽǧ谮һġ
ƿţһֱעֻĶֱ˯ǰҲûյ֮Ϣ
ʼƣ֮ǲˡ
ڶ㣬֮ճ䷹
ΪԲķֻ֣Ҫٳˡ
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