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Ȼгˡ׷棬һŹ
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ٿȻഫŲæҵط
һŮ߱ߵ˵˵ƻҲǿǸӻôΪʺ󣬹Ȼ˰ɡ
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ˣ»ȻͣڰС
Լʲô˾ʧѾõĻ裡֮ʧôȻʬʹޣ
ΪΣ
˱ڻУ߳ж棬ɫУʣƻڿԱ㣬ȴ
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ƻ˫ֽգɫ𺣬˫ݾ޲ֿѪĺ
һŮӸ߹Ȼһ磬ŮӣæӿŲ
 

 

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һɫţһ˫ǣŵŮƻ㣬ѣԺһúñġ
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ƻзϣ˫ֽգǽڷף岻ܿƵķ
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񿴵ͷһڿԼ·ڿʮˡԼԼĪˣ
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ϾᣬܣɫΪϤȵȡⲻǰĵط
ĸܻʵ۳裬ȻҲ˴סƫƧ۸ǳе飬ʱ㳣˸Ҳȹ̡
ǵòʱǰձЮ֣Ϊ˾ͷײˣ䱻£Ҳ˲Сˡ
ѵֻˣǻصʮǰ
ƻֻЦû뵽ֻһһ۱ԼĳˡۣлΪԼѩޣ
ɫԽĮİмη壬ǰһΣƻң㵽ôˣҴȥ˿ڣߡ˵գ֡
ƻ˼أһ䣬˪ֵĮˡվĻңȥ
˴סǰܣҲ̤벽
̬ȺȻת䣬ﲻ첽ϣɫĽͣƻңǡôˡ
ƻеֽգǻӣܲܳ裬޹ʶҲӣ㣬»Ǳʱ
Ųһ٣΢ƫͷһ˫Į°纮֦ͷ÷һ˿¶ȣӴңͬİ·㲻ظ
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ƻ۵׷Ũҵĺ⣬ӱʮ겻Ҫˣ
ٿȻԶŲɱֵľƻӦԾϣֻ߹̴ӣһС֪Щʲô
ʮǰ춼ʱıʵѹ޲С
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һʱ䣬¡
ǰһĶϣ߷һŲ֪ƺкܶ鶼зʣֻδˡ
ƻصУֱԺһϡͿĶȹҪĸ⣬֪ǰĸΪɼ
ԺŲ΢һ١
İˣʮˡʲôˣΪɻ󣬽Ųδͣĸ׷䡣
ĸװϰܿʮλò˾ޣŻ񶼡
ܿƻִ˻ƵҶü΢һ壬֣ƻȥ߻ˣ̾Ϣһһ¡
ƻȥʮа˴Ǵ˻ܿȰ費סֻչ˺
ƻϾ˼Լͷϵˣ˻δߣ˴ȫؽţǣϵ֣ȱҵˣԺˣǵ
Ųƣ⸱Ӫ壬ǷӲɱʱ֣ԱѣٴŰϣղ
ܿʶ⿴ȥȻ֮˴룬ĵӻ˰ϵۡ
ƻǿӣʲôˣ֪֪ʲôطȻǿУе
ƻ۵ӹֵͣܿǰʱչ֪Ͼ£಻֪Էʲôͷȴ뵽ʲôĪǡ
δ룬һ˷һȣߣʲôط񶼵һϼ춼ıԺշסһתץľǣ
ȻԷǵĵϸܿȳ棬һʱӦ
ƻǰһСһƬĮ⣺Ǻôĵӣռҵˣð˵˭ġʮ㣬ȫȻռСơ
Ȼһȣһ˴һۣ¶СѾͷǿͷɲʲôΪҲ룬񶼣˭ԡ
 

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ƻ治ɫ˼ǵһ壬ϽΡЩǵĵϸѵǡ
ܡ
ƻ뵽ϣܿһ˵ļᶨܣռҵķˣү֣ЩͽҪΪԼڻ
һܿų˭ðôʶ࣬ӵռҺαڣʶԼԣת˻棬ϻ˵ǷǹԹϻٳԵͷ
ƻʱ˴ϢҰĲͳһڱصãıռҵ֧ǹؼ׼Ҳ֧֣׾ЮĸŮǿȰϼҲӵ
Ϊȣ׾Ҳϡѹǰɼ
ܿ·شɫ԰ף߷ߵ޵ݡƻ֣ۺ᣺ƻû뵽ĸŮΪռҸԸ춼ΪʣΪӵ֡飬ﺦ㡭
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ƻͷһǰﲻ׵ˣҲû֪ԭԭǻġ
ܿĸԸ춼ʣֻΪûʵ۶ռЩɵȴԴԼǰΪò٣ȴɱ˽ͬ
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ƻԥȴٲߣǾͶ߲ˣҺ߻ѧ䣬ԸЩ˲⣬ټ㡭
µĻû˵ܿҲõŽɵĵͷϴͷƻǧСġ
ƻȥϴתűײƣӿΨһСʱðɣܿأȥĶˣһСȻǴüֵЩ
ƻɱ⣬ɫ΢纮ĺ棬ֻվʲôҲ˵Ҳ˲Сӡ
΢㵣ǰǸʮһСôôǿ
ƻǰ͸ŹɺȥﲻҪǵĶң˵һһ٣ģӣǻ켣ɱ֡
䱻һȴһסǣһţ»үȽ̽Լϣ
룬ƻסǡ
СʩչƻɵֵҲסǳʽս
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̫࣬һƽʱȻһҪġ
յȣȴת䣬˴ұƽ
дδ
ǧһ֮ʣֻУѹԼĺ˾ˢˢĵء
쾪㵣ƻȣʱ˭
ʱһ뵽ľѱֻ˭Σʱ̳֣
һ˭ռԣ
˽Գſڿȥֻһӣ곤һϮ°ɫŽ˿ƣŶʧ󡣲Ĵݣ̬š̤¶âµ·
üδīڴ⣬Ʋǳ֥ɫ𪣬졣ֻڼƻǱģ΢΢һ
 

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ԭڿײĿ⣬ĿԣĿ
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ֻػһԭʱʲôģ
ĳó潩֣˲ٶ֣Ҳδȥ
ջߣɨˣռҵ쵽춼ȴ֪õϷҲʵƽƽҲĿŵͳԣλȴǴúܡ
Цмһ˿Цֳ£ֻ˾Ķǡ
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˼ţüͷһ壬⻰֮ͷѹռҼӣҲȷûʵҿ⡣ѹҲִС
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ƻʶ裬֪Ҫλش𡣲ϱ˻Ŀ⡣
贽һĨǳЦһ˫ˮٵһ˿Ц⣬ʵƻռҵ𣿡⻰ʱˮе΢΢£
վԼߣٲñͨ׷һˡƻӺˣϣ³֣ǡ
δϵ嶼ϣһʱűһ仰ϲϣǶҪߣûѡ
費ɫĳƻ󣬿ˣüȴһ˿⣺ҷأ
սͺһǱˡ˵գ˸ƣ붯
ƻӦǣ֣ڻУӭϺ˵Ĺ
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΢󱳰һ£߷ˣץסյⱼȥƻֻһᣬƺС
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ǰν֣ѾĻֻ⵹ٴǰľΪ㻤ԼĪиı
Ю֣ҲĿģѵΪ˵õʵ֮λˣڹһˣҪЮԼƳŴԼѣ³֮ȥ
ܣǻãӦǣΪҪԼʵ벻ԭ
˼ˣǰĳԺ֡
ƻֱۣҲΪȰ˵ĻӣлȣʱȫˣǷŲɡ
ò壬ȴ롣
룬۵ӹһ˿ɫɽ˷¡
ƻ˼ۺ죬ǰУټǰԼģ಻̫顣
ֻл߻ӴȣЩ׷ɱģ߻ٲߣֻ»ǣ
ĮҴ롣
ӹһĨʹɫǰԼΪжĪǽ
룬ʮ׿⴫Ųƻ֣ɽϱߡʶ֣ȴյѲڼ֮Уֻǣš
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轫˴һºбһˮӳ˽һӰ
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ϴ߻ӴƻƬӣҲң
ڵҲҪҳʲôĻӣҵɣǻʼңң
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꣬кƺȥԶ΢ɿ˼ռΪӵɥĲЩ˿²ưոݣĻӣߣ𱻲ۡ
û֮Ƶģī΢΢һУҴҴҸϻ춼Ϊ˾㣬ʱֵ𣬻ʲô塣
ƻһҴҸϻ춼Ϊ˾Լǰǰ㣬Ϊ룿˵һʱֱ治ĻǼ٣ҲδӦ
վֱ壬һ򴽣ƻչ֮ҵãǻ񶼡
ǰƻ춼վ飬³ңҪⱯݡ
ƻоҪԼ񶼣ͻذ׼һռңȥĽ䱸֮ٶ鵭Į֮±㲻ĻӷˣٴлĻӴȡ
˵գҲδӦĻᣬתһȥ
δŲƻ˿߳΢֦⳯ȥͷ΢
֦Ͼ̾һߣǰɱʱҲɽʶʮ֣ǰĶ߸İ
뵱һͬɽ֣ͬ鼢ꤣҲŹڲ׽ֶʱֻҧһڣӣͱȥȫ࣬߿Ѫ˺һߣһ䡣
 

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ƻԵʮָǴǰмʤ㣬⸱ͯ塭
ֻһŶߴƻһΣۣǾǰذףذײڶߴ֮û֦ǰһ̻ηĶߣԴ֦ϣ˫͸͸ġ
ƻ΢ۣ³ۣȴߵǰ˹İγذףóţҲδǳһ˿չɽıǶ߶棬СӻĪҪߵĺá
ƻһʱǹģ¶ߣöŻѹǰڣ
Ȼǰļ䷭΢΢ĻȻ䣬Сһ򣺡лĻӴȡ
赭һǰƻǣ侲ϣֻǾ࣬ʽȡʮһ䣬Ļ㣿ĪԼһֻ
ɽţ໥Ĭ
ĺɫĺϣɫĹâҼ£ɼ·ۼ
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Ҳļֻ֣߱ܿĿ⣬΢ͷǰȣִԽԽȥˡ
ͷţδǰѾͣ£ֱֱײȥԤƵסļȣ͸ϴﵽƻϣԲڵĺ˰벽
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͵Ĳݵߺ̯żʬ壬Ѫ⣬ֱȥЩ֮ǰʲô
Щһ£Ȼ׷ǵˣҲǰŵĹ򣬿ȴһȳ
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ƻδӦ⻰֣ǰȥ
ڲݴϣ״ңĿʹ࣬Ͼ˺ҧۼƻȻһ뷨Щ˶Ǳʲô޻ҧġ޲ûгԵǵ塣
ţһ£ƻȻͷ裬ҲδȥԼϵ֣Լ뵽Ŀ˵
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ƻһȻʵȺҧˣΪʲôûнǳȥ
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֣ӳȺز⣬֪Ρ
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ƻȴްЦ⣬ǰ֮ʱɲƽն磬һлɡ
֪Լᱻǰң֪Ƿ񻹻ڴʱ
 

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࣬ɫ糣϶Ȼ˶ˣҲ뿪춼ӦڳС
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ƻ΢飬ſɰȫҶɰȵȡô֪ĪҲŵģǰΪװ֪
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ƻСһƬĮ۵׼Ȼ뵽ʲô¶һĨЦ壬֪ɣձ㽫ż͵游ˣǸǻȥҲð

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ƻһ䣬ɫתΪĮռҵĽˣ̸ֻ飬ʲô֮
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֪ݻô
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ճ۵ӹһ˿㵣һǱ񶼵ģΪûյϢĻӴǱ룬ĪǴ֣
ʯ֮䣬˼չƽ
Ļӿƻռˣʵб˹˼ܣĳ
յϢһ·ĻӶƻңڣĸŮ类ռҡ
ʶƻƢԣ֪ԼԤıͬУȻطʱǰ롣
ƻǿĿƽĿճ޷񶼣֮ˣռĪǽǶɵӣ
 

ʮ ǿǧ

ճٴαҭŭռˡճ⣬Ұռ˴ȥ˶٣ٽĻȥ
ռҼֺһӻȥǴһ
ƻ˵ԱߣռһƬճֲ˴ƽ֡
ռ˶ڣ·硣
ƻСһƳ裬ƺ˵ҲУŪûҪ֡
費ŭЦʾǰȥ
ˣվλѰȴְռʤ׷ٴδһ𣬷˸սȴʮ˴Ƶģʧ̡
꣬ռ㵹롣
ƻ۵׾Ǵ㵣ʲʲô󷨣ʮꣿ¾һˣǰδĪǰʱûʹȫ
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ʵҲǰչ¶Щ
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ƻӦֻǰӰһΣһء
˵ʱʱ죬ճһƳƻǰľǰܿһѪϡ
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˵գŰܿȥȴסĸ첲ճΪʲôҪôӵǿǧ
ʹ޽֯ϣҡҡ׹ȴճ
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Ըˣƫ˸ǡ
ǵ½ҽǰɢϢڲҽκˣҪԡӽ˴ȥҪǵ½ҽá
ͣ񶼽һۡǰŽա籧Űܿǰţŷ¶ԴҼҹӲء
δ䣬һ߿š
ܼɫңӵϵ̧߼ȣǣǸʲôһɫһģĻӣʲôҼҹ˵ͣⲻСΪ𡭡
δ⻰߹ֱá߹ĻȣһţҰ
ӲݣֻһС·ͨݡ
ܼںϵĸţҪݣæһӣĻӲҩ԰
µĻδڣݵŴһ°׳Ʈ
ƮߡһϮ£˳ȾòɣɫĮȻֻӦס칬̤ƣɲҪƮġ
½ҽһֹ֣ͣݶһ⡣νԣҲˡ
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ɽȪӸߴ£öֽ磬յ롣
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罫ܿڴϣİȻλƻĸףʲռսˡ
½İȻ΢ɼһͷǰ꣬˼࣬ˡ
ƻʶѯʣҪȥң׼𣿡׼ҽңֺҩģС
½İȻҲδҲֻʣһţˡ
ֻܾȰܿ
üͷ΢壬˼ո
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΢üҲδ룬ȥ½İȻշ˱չˣռӦ
½ҽ˭뵽ܿ
½İȻĬȻ죬ռۣͬСġȫȻ˼ﻹһռˡ
⻰ҲǶռƻĵĶࡣ
ҹīȸ֦ܡ¹⴩֦Ѿ㶵Ӱӳڵϡ
 

ʮ ռͷ

ռңۡռԺء
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ƻ۵ӹһĨ񣬷Ƭó谮ȴͼį˵ԡ΢Ҳǡ
迴һۣתЦ⣬ҡȣ̳÷̻Ůӣճƫϲռ˷ԣظУã⼸æڣˡ
ʹ֮УٱŮӼįȹ֮ʱŽ⣬кβɡ
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һȣ֣ȻɫҲ˼ԳЦ⣬˵һң뵽ӵġ
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ɨϵʬ壬ƶЩռˣһת񶼱鲼ռߣǲ׾ڴˡİȻﲻȫˡ
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½İȻ޶ԣҩ԰޷ѰˣҲûޡ
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ƻɱ֣龰Ҳ֡תԼһҹҽҩѣ塣
ƻսȭͷôôͨԼôѴġ
ƻ
ĥ䣬һ˳ȥܿ߳Ҳǰȥˡ
ܿشϣ߻ܣտƻʵ
ƻһᰵ򣬴ʣǻ񶼣Ƶˡһһ䣬΢
 

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ƻӹ߱ϣ߾ԼǺϣԳԾؿ½İȻ
½İȻϵƻþ棬ֻϵôһ죬ѱˡ
ܿǴҹ㣬δƤߣûдһʱ֪Ǻá
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ܿע⵽ƻĳĬסḧ˸ķûˡ
ƻͷǰϺѪɫİܿеСֽ˽ճȭͷ
ǰһ׾ôױճˣһζٷ
ѪծֻѪ
ֵҹ㷺⣬һ̲ͣس춼ķ򼲳ţķͳҶһأ˯
ƻĵǺͽţٲ˯Ҳ𽥵ֵס糱ˮϮ⣬ڰܿļϣ˯˹ȥ
һֱĿ񣬺ۣȴƻ˯ա
ССϹƣü仹ţ͸¶䲻̫ĳ졣
һۣ˼Լۣظƻϡ
ܿһٶ촽΢΢˶ȴʲôû˵
𽥷峿֮ʱǵ춼ԼĪһ˳ǣЪš
DD
罫ͣ˳Ƕһջǰһͣȣƻ˹۾ںھӻ͸ż˯⣬ȴڵͷԼϵʱɢȫޡ
ллĻӡƻһ٣Ƭ̲ŷӦ£ݻ׼³衣
ƻһһҪԼƲϵӣɫ˺ڣȴִԴеʱ˲
֮ͣؿһѽӹ۱ڻУüЦÿģƿӣڳԵȺ
շˣ롣˳תֱۣܿҪ³
ƻĽСֻֻǺͯһֱ·糾ͣ½İȻ²ؼ߸߹İܿ³Ȼٺʲ
ܿԼĳƺɫ΢Լغ󣬵ĻӿˣѲʲôշˡ
ȻˣγƺͷſŷŰֱۣܿ޵̲סƻƮ
հסƻǸӵģֻһתǰ򶨵ĿഥǸӡ
ǳƺ׷˿ɺãЩ̿ȴûЦһ
ܿͷƺû
 

ʮ ֪ϲ

߽ջǰǴϷƻԴ˲⡣Ȼ˵ר̵񶼽ǵģȻǰһС
ֻǣĿģƻȻŽġ
ǰΨһʹĵˣһҲ׽Լνȥ
һʲô³ѾԹһˡ
ƻܿЪϢĬĬԣҪժָʱ˶٣ջǷ
ڴϵİܿΪһҹۺ͵£ûñ˯ˡ
ҹջ𽥶ȥȥĽŲϣƻ̧ͷŷԼȻſ˯ˡ
Īӿһ󲻰ƻʶػعͷķ򣬼ܿ˯ţƺЩȵط˸˿

ƻվʱطһ죬ʱŷ֣ѾˣҲˡ
糿ڿջЪ£һ˯˯ϣʵ̫иˣԲ񣬿ܾͻᶪ
ƻɵһգһŵسűȥյűߣľķű㱻ߵ졣
ƻһס˽Ųе΢΢
˭Ĭ˰Σƻžʵ
͹٣СͳԵģһͬסλӽġСԴڵ
ƻеľ貢ûмٰ֣ȴǰš
ˣǱлˡƻӹСеḷ̌Ŀ䵽ʢŵϡ
ľС㹽˼
ƻ΢΢һ㶣üͷ
طСô׼ԵĲˣѲɻǴɣ
ƻ̧ͷɻĿ⿴ССǿɻЦλģﲻɻ󡣡
Ȼ衣
ƻջĿ⣬̶ٴοǰĲ̣жĽ䱸ɻһ֡
ⲻǴɣ֪ϲá
ĪǣѾֻʮһʱ
ƻСͷת̽˷䣬Ϸ£ȴ£ֻ㶵վţüͷ
ǰ貢û̫еΪǻµ塣˵֮ϵֻˡ
һֻʮһ꣬ʱʶһ꣬ûüʲô飬ΪΪС
ʲôע⵽Ϊռҽ֮һ
ƻ˼⣬վǰþû¡
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ƻ뵱ȻΪСʲô˭֪򿪷ŵһ˲䣬ȴվ衣
ͬûժݵƤߣƻİƽƽɫĮк£
ʱ⣬δص춼˵ߣƻΪһʧĳν
費ΪȻʼ磬ԼǰŬŬ죬Ͱ׷ͳԵġ
ƻתˣСѾˡ
˵ţƻҪţ뿪ļơ׻˯ţɲš
СֻǲˣûʳҪγԣ趯ѸٵسһȣסƻҪŵĶЩЦ˵
ƻʱע⵽ŵŵǰ׷ͷղСĵȷֻвˣͷһ£źһҪ̡
ȴûпƻһ㣬ƻóĿյ˷䣬ߵ¡
ҲûԷ㲻ͬ԰ɣ轫̷£ԹԵصһˮȴֻһڱƵһԡ
ƻɫģȴ͸룺ӻ뿪ĺá
üô飿
ƻؿ裬ĿϬֱֱƺŬҪ뷨
ĿԽӼ䣬Ĭÿ£ϵƺȥˣֻʣһ⡣
ﻹϢڷڣǲ̫ʡĿĽûгãƵƻһƿĿ⡣
ǹһĨɲЦ⣺Ҳ޷Ҳǡ
벻£벻˵㡣ƻЩϸϸüͷ𣬺ÿ۾΢͸ŭ⡣
ƻ˵Щʲôȴһʱ˵İܿ
ƻܿҪ´Ŀһ첽ߵҪȴûϵһȷס˰ܿ
лĻӡ֪ܿԼҲǿֻмл
׷ˣ˵˶ӣͲҪĻˡѰܿȴ̲סƻһۣƻ˫ֿտջڰգ۵׻һĨЦ⡣
ǣӡǹܵܿͷ£ƻæǰ˱ˮݸȴˮ̫תҪСúˮ
ƻܵЦһƻؽŲס
 

ʮ 

ӹˡƻĪؿµԽҪԽǾΣա
裬ǻӵܣӵܵĳǸж̹ˡǰӦڻӵܵԸͷ
ƻָһƬ˷ţȴû뵽ǰվһźˡ
ðȻ㣡ƻΪ׵ĺû֣󷽵¶ռҵĳӣճĶ䡣
ƻȻϵ˭Լ֣ɵһͬʱȴ־ƺﲻԾ
뵽ԼʱѾݣ䲢ϵԼƻɫװɵʲôƻǺˣ
ЦһȻװͿ⣬ƻշ˰ɣ
˵ţ俴˰ܿĿ쬵أ·ǵĶ
ܿɫҰףָס䣬ؽڷɫ
ޱ飬ȴһ
վ⣬Լ޲ĹȻɱǣҲľ
ռҺʱһˣռģģѵռӵ飿
Ŀ䵽ϣ𽥱ñ䡣
ռҳ䣬ǼճȴռҵļλҲزٵػõĹע
һֱûڳ͢ıһְٰԭһֱΪǸ书ȼĲзϣռҲһֱ¶档
ΪóĻӣռҼأҲȷǼϣŵȥġ
ǰվ䣬Ƚŷ㣬书ǿ
ƻһ䣬ҲʶԼͷǹɲԾԵζ
ǰ䣬һֱϵôһվܴ׷׷˳
ƻûʱ룬֪һѾ˰ܿƻٵҲͽͣɴ󷽳ϡ
Զľ룬㻹Ҫ׷Ǻģƻ仰ﺬķζ˵ռģʵ򳰷ѹͶС
̣ⷬɫסŭȻռңŮѼ壬߱
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䣡ȫǱΪ飬ѹңӦųնĻţ
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輸ۣûϳ˭ۼسŵǿ񣬶ʱЦ
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䣬ʵ̫ɣƻоգһֻȴץδţСŭ⣬䡣
͵Ϯʧֱ֣߳ŭɴһƣϣ
һεĺ˳䣬ֻˣȴǸ֣һ䣬ƻȭֱָĺ˶ȥ
һΣû贵ڣ˴ӷ¿֮ܿǰǰ棬ܿɱһ
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书ǿ¸ʤһһĺ˱㱻ϵ⡣
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Լ˵һأȻˣ޴󰭣ɵôΪ
յģռҡĿ䣬ɢһϣƽյºʧ
ʴǲȴҰģǱѰ·͸űһߵϢ¶
ƻⷬ㶡
ֻʮ꣬Ѿˣȷǵ֮š
ǰȴΪΪųͼϻλ
ǰԼǱɱ˫ֻۡϧǷʧȥǵİٵġ
ߣҲ̲סŭһֱ
һݣɿƻܿķһơ
 

ڶʮ 

ƻ뿪ѾѾһ
ĸ׻Է͵Ϯȴһֱˡ
ȻֿȭԸȴȴЩǣƻթвѱṷǽ
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ƻŷڻ͸ѪĪҪں
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·۵ĳ嶯ƻһѷڣٸùƣۡ
ջ˵ĹģĺãǺЦȴ׹ߣ˹һƱ˹ȥ
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Ҫ˹˽ˣͻȻһס֣
ϤƻϤ˫΢УķѾ˳ȥ丹
ճʱպÿһĻɱֱƻƺҪǧС
轫ӵϣЦһռͨ˷ǵ٣׷ˣ治֪ģġ
⻰ճɫʮѿɫѿҪ
ճҿǿռһжΪ˻ϣ㲻ҪҾĹϵ
ȴֱֱĿǣ
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һеǿװ򶨣ĻеĺܣԼҵ¶ܵͷˡ
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񣡡ִһͺȡ
ƻüĸߣģ
ֻ߽һߣ˫ۺűŭƻ
ƻʶɻУһֱδİܿͻȻ˹˽һ
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ܿ׼ҼһѰܿ俴һͱطģȴż롣
һ߿ڵΪ˱޵ĳ⣬ص˰׼շ˺СӦ޵Ĵ˴εĵĿ˰ɡ
ƻסܿһ۰׼Ҽ游
׼Ҽͷãã뿪ʮ꣬ò׻ˣιҪ뿪˵ܿܿ°׼𣿡
ܿƺʹð׼ڲˣôһ̲
ƻĸ׿޵ģ̲ס游Ǵбذ׼ңռȴǰٰӣ޲ɱ֮죬ʵΣٴ뿪
ݵúԣճȵֻǻռң˹
ϵôģƻǻĺղס
ճҲŭŮ㹴ĻӣҺαس֣ô
Ʊ䣬ðܿ͸ǰʹ㾿ΪΣԼ֪ĸŮƵȻ˵ռ
ճڣһ۲ԡ
ռô˵Ҳǵɷ͸ףĶʹɱأһп϶ᣬңռҲͬһǻȥȻ١ڵģޱ֤ص񶼺˸һë޾ռʣ
⻰ճʮֲŰܿĸŮ
׼ҼҲȰѾƯô꣬ѵҪص춼ΪҲ룬ǻҪɱǣֺαʦڵĸϵ˴
õı֤ܿѾ˴룬׻Ҳз࣬˭ԸԼͽ֮С
ĸ¶ɫƻ֪ضҪȻǰ˹죬вϾռҰ׼Ҷ񶼣ĸŮһӲ׸߶Ͼϵ
ܿѾȻҪ
ƻһʱԾϣʶĿһߵ衣
 

ڶʮһ 

΢΢һЦʢ飬İɫ
һţջߣ־һ˿ЦѯһˣˣζҸôܰĸŮ˵δ
ͷԣܿΪȻǲϵģϽס֣ƻҪǲԸ⣬Ǿͻ춼ܰί
ƻижס֣ƻί֪һֱȻ
ֵܿûѪɫĴһĨЦ⣬Ů
ˣȻˣЦãǻǿЩ·ɡ
ƻű˷һߵ䣬ռĹĸŮˣȴǻһɱģ
ճæռĳӣ䡣ԻҲһƬĹ̽Ϣ
Ȼ֪˭ҲȻ֪ΪҪɱƻĸŮ°ǴȥҪģЩ޹ؽҪˣֺα⡣
ճĶӣһ䣬˵ճһᣬռӦ֪㲻ĸŮͷϡҲǿȥҪʲôʹͣ޿ɾ
ճҧҧֻܳǡ
һ־лһѾϺ죬ȻڱıԵôңȻһƮƮᣬô
ŭĶˣƻȻһЦߵǰû˷ԸˣǷȻĸٵĴϢðѪ
ˣ㸸׵ȡҺĸ׿ûйϵ뿪һ㣬ǧʲôôҶѿ顣ƻͻȻ̵ľѽôˣôҲû˸紦˿أ
˵͵ذķڰѪ֣ʹһţҪȥƻʬΡ
ƻС죬紦˿ڰ粻ϲǶԲˡ
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ݵСģȣڻúõһ
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δ˵УҲû˹ֻĬˣһеĽ䡣
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ƻ˵ͷмʧ䣬ȴҲܽܡ
춼ڱ񶼺òȥοռҵˣ춼ҲǾٲά衣һķԶһ㣬Ҳδɡ
ˣ˭ܵס
ƻʱлл㣬һ֮󡭡˶پ֪˵˵ټڣ˵ֻ
ĳĵĲ¼ɣҪ뿪ȴ֪һ࣬ǲࡣ
ϾǰһΨһΪԼ޵ˣ䲻ȫȻΣȴҲʯĳ
迴ƻ΢΢üͷ΢ۣǸСȴװô£СͷƵüͷ
룬Ȼ֪֡ʵģҪ⼸
һ̾ȿڣٵ˵ƻģ֪㲻ᣬֺγǡ˵žסֻ֣ҪңǧɽˮҲסǡ
˼ƻʱһƤ˦֣Ļӣ㿪ʲôЦ˵ţȴˡ
һ·ǿЦǲ
 

ڶʮ ٻ

üͷչͷҲһɣͷֱ۾ƻ֪Ц
ƻ̧ͷײһ̾ͷ·׵Ĵů峺ȴҪС
æ㿪ͻͻͣ
ͨĶ⣬Ҳ̲סЦ⣬ȻһЦʮһʢεվԱߵİܿЩۻ
΢΢ҡͷһ·ˣԼһŮȴٶۡ
ܿͷȥϵƻѾԶԶģ½İȻһۣҲһȥˣֻʣǣһһЦļ顣
ƻعһۣԸһԵ½İȻл½ҽһ·Ҳ½ҽĴȥ֮Ҷռҩ԰ָ֮ǰӡ
½İȻĻ¶ֲм蹷ĵطҲŲϡУҲȥ㱾Ǹ鷳һǸܹһ㡣˵ָָ衣
ƻ֪˵ûдҲûǿ󡣲˿裬򴽣ûֱȥ
ˣ߼ƻ˵ЦǱЦɡһչɫƻһԣĸŮƽհҵĹؼĻ̤֡ռҾͬ뻢ѨмǽŻţҾת㿴ļң
ƻȻ̧ͷﾡǳԾ⻰Ȼ˵档
űһ䣬ҲҪġ
仰ʮ㣬üۼЦ⡣ˣС¶ĶȻҪŵٵȵȣٵһȰɡ
һоȥƻҲ̤Ϸ񶼵·
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ĵȻܿҪ࣬˼ҹĹ磬˳߽
ôˣƻҲܿģĸѾû¶Цˣƺ˼ꡣ
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ܿ˵ֵܣǰס㣬ֽԿպǻҪµӡ
ƻ޵ģϽô˵ǱģռҲҰôԲ˯ŵǣ˵קѵôˣȴһᵽҾͿޣԺǲǻ᲻Ҫ˰
˵ʲôܿŭְ֣ڻĸôһŮôĸأ
ƻ˲䣬ЦЦţ۽ǾҲЩʪ󣬡ȷʵøԺһҪԶĵģ
ĸŮ˵䣬Ѿո
ոΡ룬ſʯʨϹӣ̨˳ȾڴϵĴŻմȾϣ˿
ƻŰܿҲ̾⴫аĵһңҲ˵˵ѵġ
ճҲ䣬ɱҲزס
ƻУŰ̧ܿžߣһ˵ţոôôأ˻˾Ȼûӭӡ
ճ޵ѹͷŭȥ
ոܼӭײƻĸŮüͷһ壬Ѹɿһ㹧ģȴʮֵ䵭ˡ
ܿͷҲǰĴ䣬䶼ʰ۳Ͷ٣СҪϢ
ƻһۣдЦ⣬ĸ׾͸еҵĸӣ
ܼҿճͷŵѾʰˣ롣
ŹܼҵķӦƻкէ֣ȴû
ֻˣһԺǰ
ӡƻ̧ͷ֡
ܿͷԺӣҲġ
˵䣬Ѿ߽ԺС
ԺӺܴ¥̨鿣麿һһľöʮ־ϸĲۣ˵ۼľˡ
ƻɨ˼ۣҲûй飬һߵĹ۲ЩȤ
ߣӴɴʣĴ˳ȾĳǾĲù
Ȼͬܿеİ費һûһԺӣѾ١
ƻЩʵĶû˿Ȥ˯ʹ˯Ұ˵ǼңȴִǼҡ
 

ڶʮ ݺ

һԵСķڶߵĸ¥ѾʰˣСȥϢɡ
ƻһߵ£˫ŵһԵİϣˣȥѶ᷿ʰһ£סǱߡ
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ƻбһۣȥү˵Ҫס᷿Ȼʰˣ
˱к㣬һʱ֪
ô㻹ȥү˵ƻûзӦŭ
һ£תߣߵŭһڣޣԼСˣ
ܿƻ΢΢ҡͷѽǸ¥ⶫ᷿
ƻվʵۣҵһߣǲôԶôҷˣ
ժͷϵܿЦ֪Ǹ˵ġľ̵ױ̨һƬϸ̾ⷬΪ˿ģĸŮ
ƻļͷ޽ǵļ˿׷зᣬ˵ʲôˣⱾǷǵģ㲻ҪģЩӦģԺûĻҪ࣡
ܿϸ۵Сƻﲻ࣬ϣЩȵӡ
Ĳ˲֣ƻȴżѪ밲ȵĹӣЩôǰȣοѪ
ƻ˱۾ٿѾһƬ˵Щˣһ·ҲˣЩϢɡ
ܿͷҲͷϵķ٣˺ˡ
ĸƽȵĺƻҲʱֵļƽϣ۾ĸ࣬㻹һܰ˯ĵط
鷿ÿһ䣬ůڵģҲĸŮѵõܰʱ⡣
õʱǼΪݣһʱƻͰܿͱˡ
ƻšüͷһԵɴԼͷȴʰȥô¡
ܿҲмֵǣСġ
ƻٵĵͷȻ˳漴֬Ѭ۾
߳ˣԺһ٣ЩߴߴŮͻȻĸ顣
ӴǴС˰ɣÿ澫¡
һ۵Ĵް
Ӵ⾫µüۣµĽͯŮȲˡ
֬Ѭͷۻķ̣ƻûסһұ죡
Ů˱һ࿴˿վԶ˼
ƻְ˰Ǳҵͷ۽ǿƲסĳ鴤ЩŮҲ߯ˡ
ܿݳһסƻɻַĿԺŮˣǺˣΪʲôԺ
ŮСϸĴЩ¶ֲмЩϴЦ⣬ȴơ
Ҳ֪˭һá
Ҳĸá
һ㡱ðܿƬ̣׹ЩǸеˡ˿Ժݺݺ࣬ȴֲԣʲô£
ǵûϵ˲һЩ
Ƕǹ밲ġһòڵվ˳Ц
һɫȹһխɫԽFӣڡ½己µĻƣ΢΢¶浭۵Ķ£ΧӻɫΧ¡ִһѾɵȣֲڣֻ¶ϸָ⡣վһԣķ˻Ҫϼ֡
һźЦģԶɽüһ˫ˮӾǷ飬ӣС³ҲЩƯ
Ǹո˼ǲͻˣĪҪ
һԵ˵Ǹеİ˲ڵЩӣָ
ܿһǸֵ֣ǹԾ˵ҵģү֪˸ոջظ»ϤдСҪ˲ǲ
㹧˳ֻܿ΢΢ͷԺ֡
æָ֣Ժӵݺݺࡣ
졢ټճȢ߷֮ˡ
ƻһ߰룬Ǹ¥Ů齫ˣҲ֪ɫܻʱ
ܿɫҲ׳һֽȴ˿ҡһһǣ䣬ҸոջظԺʲôûУͲдλˣذɡ
ҲԼĺģҲͲûȤЯŸˡ
λȴƺܲܿĲϲĮָָ󼸸ѾͷЦ㣬ԺģļѾͷȻһЩǰæֻǿԵġȵ㰲Լ֡
ƻۿţһֱЦºͣʮԲԺŮ˵ۼƶûĴ
ܿ˿ЩѾͷҲûΪſģеǶ߿˼֣ͷˡ
ڴЦЦ۾ֱֱĿŰܿż⣬㣬治ǵˣ
 

ڶʮ 

ܿʵЩϸ˿Լơ
ЦţüĿתǷ飬㲻ǵҲӦġĵŮݵ΢Ů
Ұ׼ˣܿԾ
ƻüͷ׼ô˵ոΪ檣
ͷδڣѾ߽ӻСǰ׸С㣬˵ոΪ檣ո˰С㵱Դ⻪ԺԭҲСס˻ǲŰ
ܿͷһϣֻǰһڡ
ƻϽǰסǵĽе㻹ðɣ
ãܿſ̧ͷѾˮĵƻ
һƻҲƻס֣תͷؿ湻õģ˵һҲ⿪𣿣
ﵹҲĺݣתͷ͸Ѿһ⣬ϸָµѪۣС˵ĵط𣡡Ѿ߻е˼û˿Ҫ͵˼
Ѿͷ£Сͷˡ˵İһƾõģ
ƻⷬΪŭֱšһµˮ©ˡ޿֣
һˡƵǵͷƻЦһܿһãҲߵС
ðֱܿߵ࣬ǸڵСѾߣⷬΪﱧƽ𣿡
Ѿ߿ŲԼؿڵСѾͷ¶ַߺޣȴ֮ͬǰ񣬡Сˣū澿ڲԣС㲻Ҫ
ƻͷϻżЦ⣬תȴһƴһϣȻ֪һ˵һǴ֪ʷ
δѾ߷ӦһƴȥѾ޵ĸˣȻڿС㣬һǴ㲻֪
Ѿ߲֮ǰĹŭһ㡭
ƻһȹȥ㣿СոС㣬Ȼôң˵ִһƣǰܹһѾȴôſһ㶪ۣ
⼸ȥѾǳûƢˣһĿŰң
ƻһƣ۾ȴֱֱĿŰﶼĵӣոͷ˼ң޾ޣ檾檣ûйһ˵һƴ㲻𱰣֪ܣڿ˵ǰ׼ˣȴ׼Ҷˣ
绨Ҳ˼֣΢΢ҡΣһѾͷѾߣҲм⣬СѾͷڴѾߣ
С˵ǡû뵽Сôõӣȫĺܣǽ̵ĺá˶ָֻһŵЦ⣬⻰ȴŴ̶
㣡ܿ
ƻסܿ˸ıЦ⻰ûдĸ׽̵ģĸ׳׸õŮȻȫǰһССŮֶޣһСѾͷ̵á
ǰ﹦Ҳ⻰ıɫϵվزסˣһСҪūҹˣ
ĸҰƻתתԼֿ˿ϸָ˹һСѾ߾ѾɷˣһЦһҸԼ֣
ﱻûðɣؿڼٵòƽҧָ˼Ц⣬Сūҿ۽ˣԺ֣Ҫˣ
ƻ˵⸮СС飬ҪūҴūҾȸˡ
˵תߣǸ޿СѾ߸ͷ̧ĸܳȥˡ
ƻƳһվһԵСѾͷ֣ǲڸǰź򣬾ʵʵغԼı֣ҲˣҲһƢõģ
鹾һתЦԺźСʲô¾ܷԸ
˿ƻɫʹżѾͷȥˡ
˶ȥˣֻĸŮܿҲ̲סứƻû뵽׼ң׼ҾȻôңһһ˭룬ҸǾȻճˣ
ƻҲüͷ벻ͨ׼ҵʲô˼ֱ׼ҵ˼ûô򵥡
οճԣ濴˰׼ҵˣ游Ҳƴǲǡ˵ҲһαطϣԼأ԰׵ɫиǵǣ˻ûк䣬ǧҪ޻Ӱ
ܿ˵ͷƲסԼģɣɸҲá
ƻĻУȻ֪ĸĺ;ùһ򣬱Ǽѻ˭֪ǰ׷һһŮҲˣƫƫҵƻáѪ׵ıѣһֵܵ˵ģ
 

ڶʮ 

Ϊչ˰ܿ壬ƻ˯Уɿ԰׵ɫлʮֵĵǣѾûˣԭΪĸҲͻָˣ˼ǹõҲЩֻϣպܺúõҪ²źá
Ĳܿ޽ǵİ׷ƻЦԺӵľɫҲʮֱ£ǳȥòá
ܿȴЩȱȱǰס£šһٿԺӷô˳ġ
ǿƻ²Ҳ˵ͷá
²ߣƻֻ鶺ģ˵˺һỰðܿЩЦģ
СѾ߶ˮ˽ˣС㡣
ŵǱ߰ɡֵܿһµ´ȥС£ҪˣЩ¡
ƻܿϵϴɵ·з˵ģҪˡ
СѾ߳ǣˡ
ϴã˶緹
ϵļͷһ̲˺뱡࣬ƻ˲䣬Ѿߣ˶緹
Ѿһɪ߳ȥ⣬⡭
Ӵôˣɾ˽Ѿͷ߳С¶ãϵľǷ˺С㲻죡
ȻЦˣСѾͷСĪ֡
֣ƻüͷ΢΢һ壬ָϵ緹Ǵ˳ԵģѰռҶֹ˰ɣ
ĸҲûθڣûгؼϣĸġ
ɫ䣬С֪ϷƵˣ˷ѡ仹Ͷ¹øп̼ԼǷүǱҲֻЩ
ƻҧҧ岻ãү֪ģȥ˵廹ҪֻЩ
ִӦ£ǣҾȥү
ܿȴЩ˵ȻϷ˶µĹأҲʲô⡣
ƻЩΣĸ첲ʲôϷ˵ĹءϷҪ̼Լռң緹ôֻмͷҿ˹Ϊ֮
ܿŻȻüִϼֳ̾Ϣһԭ
ƻԼøĸ࣬ġ
˳緹ΧԺתתͤͻ㣬ټƻⶺܿģҲʱϵĲ졣
˹һڵĸŮˣ¶ּͷ˹ȥһӣ˺С㡣
£ܿһۣתͷźе㡣
Щݣ֧֧˵ūղȥүү˵ֲ赭˵ġ壬ǲҪͶ˵Ĳǡ
˵ʲôƻվ̧žҪߡ
ܿһסϴ˲ұӵȻ
ȴûж˵һ£մС㶯ֽѵСѾͷ类ֵˡү˺ôĹûֵٸȥǴСŰ˵飬Ǵ˳ССͱĺү÷ܺúù̴ܽС㣬ȻҪụ̄ܽ
ʲô⻰ܿҲŭɶ
ֱЦѾ߱дƻֽѵӦáοôոһˣȻֵ˾֪ԾǹΪ֮ؼǸѾͷǲҲΪ֮
̵ܿľãոһ޴ıߣĸŮвҪʬ޴档
ƻѾɱ⣬̣ܽʲôܽңĺǰɣҽҾͶūι㣡
˵űҪȥȴܿı˻̲סʹޣƻʲôûˣʲôҲˡﲻû㣬ƽ׵ıԩ衣ŮŮ͵Ϊһ̣һ̡
̵ᣬƻ׺۾̣ô̡ǰûıӻĹ⾰磬סԺӣԵǲи䷹˼̹ۡˣˡ
ǽһƻ˰ܿҲӡﶼס˵ʲôҪѩޣ
ƻƻܿŴߴ
ƻʹ˱۾ȥūеĵ⣬ãҴӦ
ֿ˺ϷЦһҲת뿪ˡ
ƻƽܿط˯ˣԼһӣ˼
Ҳȷʵ̫嶯Щ˾ס˰ѱǵĴӼѡͲΪ壬˺һС鷳
ĸǰǵӣƻ̲סеɱ⡣ȷʵҪһ̣úóıһ£ܸǵӺĸ׵ӣôˡ
ţͻȻ߽һˣݼС㡣
 

ڶʮ 

һ긾ˣ汧һ·ƻʮֵĹݼС㡣
ǺˣƻһۡȴĥĥȺѾͷȻô˷Žͨһ𣿣
ū´ġЦ˲λµġ
ƻûнӻֻɨһۣûдκιߣֻﱧŵһѾ·
ܵĴһЦ˵С֪ǸͷֻײŻ£⵽׻вʱءǲţֻôЩõ·СͷܽЩʱա
ƻľ£Цⶼöˣ
ЩȻǿЦūѾ˵ˣⶼõײܲ£Ҳû·ǡ
֪ſں˵ոСһҪ£ǶҪһΣײ£û£
Ҳû߹ȥ˷·Ц´Уһ굽ͷһѡ
ϵЦҲЩҲסС˵Цˡ
°ɡƻ˻֣ԭ
˵Щˣʱ򣬾˷Ըˣ˵СһԲһ䲻ǡҪ֣ԼҲš˻ȥͷ͡ôԼˡ
ŸʲôƻƳһۡ
˸æǣĶˡȴֲģ˿ʣͻȻūҰ·⣬͸ˣ
ƻ͵ؿɱ˼ֱ
ʹȻ˶ƻʲôڴ
һЧֳɤӺˣū´ģǸҪײܲ£ūҾЩɡӴ
˵ŻͻȻҽһͨһˤ˵ϡ
ôˣܿһӻָƿҪƻʲôΣա
ƻϽû£ˤˡ
ʯӣǰɣ̾õʣµҲǣ
ôôСġܿһ˴ߡ
ƻۿǸ˰춼ﺮ߹ȥĸ첲ɣô
Ǹ˵ҲûģͽۼҪվˣƻȴþһҲ֧ŲסһҲ˸קݺݵˤϡ
˷һɱĺУƻǸæҵҪȴôˤϡ
ֻû۵òУ߹ǶҪѹˣôô
ĺУҲðܿסˣ¿첽߳ô°
ƻҲڴӵվһ޹ĿŵϵĸˣҺķ㣬ôҸקˡ
ʲôݣȥʲôܿһۣ˼˽˾ţ֮ǰ˴ӵϸ
ܿ۵ĿƻϱĺĵطٲЩ˼ƽϣҲ̲ס֣ôëëŵģȻǰźʹѾͷ;ˣ㻹һʲô
۵죬⻰пԣԼҲˣܽϽˡ
Ķӵӣƻ¶˼ĻȥǰɣһЩˣееĴͿ
ܿͨϥǣ۵𱸵˵㣬Ǵʲô
ƻ˲䣬ָָϵľҴӦĿɶˣͲҪ˵ˡ
˳ָ˿ܿҲȾϼֺ⣬ͷŮ
˺ļ죬Ȼʳп˿ۣҲʹҲûȥǵ鷳ĸŮ˵ǹЩӡ
գճϳһ˰ӡ
үôˣ￴ɫãҲûһˣֻ˲ʵ
ճȻǶСʮãӹĲһڣüͷҲɿһЩ
ǼС֣ҾͲףΪʲôͻȻôģҽڳ˵飬ֻӦ£ǲͣڸйΡ
ˣճͺ޵Ǽֱжд̣ƫƫã
һЦƵĲĸ첲ȫǹ˵ķ飬ԭΪ¡ү񣬻ֲǸ￴Ƕˣǹô˵㡣Ҫ˵ŵƤӵ£ܱǳȥЩΪ֪ĶõĶɡ
ճķң⼸æûгůζˡ̲סﻳһǿסЩ˵⼸գҪ̸ӣҪͷ׼
ִʹ˰ɫһ䡣ӣӣһӣα뷨跨ˡ
һ˲ָֻɷֵģһүġ
ճҲ಻סᱧ𣬿첽ȥ
 

ڶʮ 춼ʹ

ʱһ˲Ÿո̤춼
Ȼûɽˮƹ;ռ鱨ѲһȦżҴһص춼
ΪдϢϲˡ
춼ʮֵַ˳ǽĻˣѲߵʿԼЩѪƺƽû˿Ĳͬ
һſ۶һƬСɧҡǲͷ˵ĴƳ׳޹ļˣȴɫһ䣬߿
ƺϳǺˣֵͷæ飬·ղɫ䲻˵Ĵ
һ·񱼵ſڣ轫˦磬Ըȥ½ҽٺá½İȻ΢΢ͷתȥ
񲻹һɨ㿴ʹҲѾ˴룬վڹſڵĽͳһ̧֣ʾض˱һȥ
ôʵһº͡
ͳٴһ⼸մһЩֵ̫๬ŮмûٸҶۡ
Ǹβģʡ
ǻԻϴС⼸ûûҹ鷿ᣬʶ²صģӦ˶ֽšͳ΢΢̧ͷһۣѸٵĵͷ
ͷཫ
˵Ѿ˵ڶţͳվ˹һ࣬ͷͽڹС
ڹһƬͽȻͬߵĹ˲ĴҴңȫͷŽű۾Ĵҿ
һ٣Ƭüȥ֡յĹ⾰ھɪΣ
Σ˼һɫҴҵСŮǵĸеˡ
СŮмֲ͵̧ͷ裬һֱӹȥμĵ¡
º͵İڰ֣޷ػ
СŮվɫЩףĵʲôԸ
ɫҴңǲĸʲô£ϴżЦ⡣
º͵̬ȣСŮôţû˿ԼҪ˵岻ʣū澻ػǻػǻȥ
Լң΢΢üǬŽģǴˡֽʱֶҲҵĸȥĸ˵Ҳûв
ͷȥɣҲһ仰ԲӦǵġ
ǣĵ¡Ů˸ߡ
һȡȻסŮŮԲҵ̻عü˳۵Ĳ̧ͷ
ĻӿǻʲôԸ
ʵҸʿ޹뱼޹ȥ־ԸʵԸǲܰԴֲ֪ʵǰ£鷿£һ¹ˡ
ĻӣūҲʮ⼸ջ岻ʣδ糯Ҳûλ빬ʱӦ޹֮С
ŮشЩСп̽ϵѾΪɣҲҶ˵ǰĻӣеˣӦò
Ȼûж˵ʲôͷˡȴЩβļʲܴ޹Ϣ
ٵ飬ٵ޵߹ȥ
һݵģҲǾҷǻЩʱ¾ҲĽٶȰǴٹ˻ƽգƺѾѾΪĹ״
Ҳѹ֣Ȼѣһûд̶ûֻģûƻԱͨյճֻǶһλʵۡ
ӿģȻĳáȻзѹסѾƴռڰֶ֧ꡣֽٳضԹ𣬻ҷҪʧơ
ƻ֣߻Щ׷ŵ飬˵ûдĻż֣ھ͸ýֺúôѹոǡ
ܿµԽľȻЩ˵ķǣȻʮ⣬̧ͷȻ̲סָ˴Ķͷú֣ʲôأ
ƻڰܿûʲôģѿڶ衭
⻰ܿڴЦżհ˼ʱԸ˼ң˲ˣˣ
ƻһЩյҲŲҲǣҾ˵Ļмֵģ
ޡܿӣСɵıǼ⣬˼ֻĻûˣ
ƻһʱ˽ȥ˵ͷͻȻӦһѱסˣƤȡЦңҲҲ
ĸŮ˵ʱһţܿƨɣЦ۽Ƕᣬ̲ס˵СҼƻҲҪˣҲҪ˼Ľˣ
˼ĽˣƻһϵЦ˲ʧ
 

ڶʮ ˼

ܿͻȻᵽ˼Ľˣƻһ㶣ǰȻȸֳ
ǰĴʱҲָǧʱٿҲʱʱᱻЩ۸
һɺ嵽ͷҧסѹסĵ׵ǹɺ⡣ҲᵣᱻɱˣΪԼͲɱ
ܵԼƻЩܿϽͷƻ
ƻ̻һЦ˳꣬һߵӡ
ܿЦԵͷһĳ磬ãﲻ˵ﲻ˵ˡ㳤Ҳãܶˡ
һӶƻС˵û˿ĳɡ
ܿᶨСЩᣬ§ˣżʣ˵ʲôɵأ
ĸӼڣǱ߸֮ûôõķΧˡ
˵谮ľǺ󹬵۰ĻӾĻӡȴһֱΪȻֻǷһ棬˭֪黢ĵ
ǰĸܳ裬Ҳûһ۰Ҳûжһݣ󻹲ǽ̤ʹһ
ټϤİĸʣ边֪ðڳʲôı顣
μʣ
ڴͷɫɷף۶οһŵɡ
лʡ̧֮ͷ˿㲵Ĳݣǵʣⲡ̫ҽô˵ģ
̰ڰ֣üͷʮֵĲͣȺƥ޲ǵһ纮һҩһҩ޾ǲáƫƫ˵ʲôҪԴѾⲻͷƵģ
ԱߵЦһ䣬ϣѾʮһˡ
˵̵һۣɫ㲵
̵ͷ˵
ЦЦǰ̵ĴǰЦʣ㲻ǵˣǰЩ̫ӵ²Ÿչ˶ʮٳ
̵ԼˣüͷѾʮˣǰջд˵ȥй֣޻Ǹӡ˵ɫȻһ䡣
ҲЦݣԱʹһɫ
ᣬ̴ݵĹȥֻ¸Ӷˡ
迴˿̵ɫ̫ҽĻʻҪһ⳯⣬ָŸء
ӣпο٣㡭ƺʶԼ˵ʲô̸˿ڣʵ⼸նڹУȥδˣ
΢΢һʵʵ˵һĸŮȥ񶼡
ŶȻֵľȣûж֮ɫȻ֪飬һ䲻һ̽ǼȻռΪʵģѾˣɱ˱ǣֺαǧͻȥ
Ӧ֮ԣ֣ռҾҪĸŮ°ߣȥв׼ңӵǣ͵񶼽׼ϣǽ˺֮ǡ׼ȴδĳҲò׼ǶܾˣܺùһҶ󡣡
ϴżЦ⣬ǿȴް
ͷһݣվ³ûʱ򸸻棬ŷռӣ븸𷣡
ϻ̳Ͽֵӣ̵ȴˣסĸ첲ɫɣֲҪ㡣Ұģû뵽ȻҷռңͲĴʴȣޱŮռҵĺӣǣһȴû뵽нյ֡
ʣĪ̫ǡȰ
ŭܲǣһϦ֮䣬޵ϷˣڣԽŨңɱ۵ӿҪȡЩҳӵĹͷ֪Υ޵³
̫ҵĿḧı˳õƽ
軹˵ЩοĻȴ͵ץס֣һ˫۾Ŀ裬᲻ޣ
ҪЦ֮ʱʼӵĸһ죬۰ĸȴֻæֻǲ֪Ϊ˰˭̺ǰ·
ٰƽϣȴһԸΪǵģʣӦ㣬һٴͳһ
ã޵ĺûʶƺʮֵοһֱֻ֣ȴԶˣ֪Խ뵽˭
΢΢ֵʣˣҪĻȰãı
̵ͷſ֣Ŀͷϣ˵ô໰Ҳˡȥô죬ĸҲˣȥɡҲ޵ûд󰭣
ǣˡ
̵޹߳ϵЦºͣһ̧ͬͷ졣ԭֻܶİ֮ˣӦ͸һӽĽ
 

ڶʮ 

ӻ޹ֱ޹
˵Ѿعˣľ޹ſڵȺ
μĵ¡ŮЦӭȥŵˡ
΢ЦŵͷЦҲ࣬ѩģ͵͵ĹŮ׷׺
ҲһŮˣͣƤϸ壬õǶʮͷһׯ·Գ˼̬
߽Ȼʮֵĸˣȥʶˣ￴һ
Լĸ׸˵ӣϵЦȴ΢΢һ͡
ͬƻԼĸʱһҲͬ顣
Ҳˣǰжҡ
ɫͻȻһ䣬Ͻ˹ȥʶôˣ
ȵ֣ĺⱻɢˣЦ»صϣЦǱĸһ
ôˣɻ
ϵЦ󣬡ղĸôôˡ
⻰ЦĻ֦Ҳ˴Ķͷʲôʱѧô컬ˣ
λϣһԣдԼûвľТûгࡣ
΢΢Щ빬ҲһˣҲûж룬⼸ȷʵҲˣǲ㸸ʸʲô£
ͷǿֵĸɺãźĻ𣿡
һҪֹƻǱߣûĸףĽȫ˽⡣
ţЩɻ󣬵ʵЦĸﶼãԵú˯úãҲ˵˵㣬ôȥһ˻ûмĸһ
ҲЩƲסԼ飬΢΢ͷסڵֻֻ̫ĸˡ
һֱץԼ֣ϵЦ˼֣޽ǵ鷢⺢ӣ㵹ࡣ
ĸӶ˵˺ܶĵĻֵȥ㸸ˣ
ȥˣ񻹺á֡
ͷȻҲʳõ飬飬ҲǾ÷˼ôͻȻͷأ͵ǻˡ
ĸЩиʻгġ
üҲлĳ˼ôܲأһңҲð
ĸ˵Լңʵ
ͻȻ˵ԼңҲչŮ飬̾һҲ֪󹬲ܲ볯ԼұϾĸĸңܹ顭
費ģֻί˵ȻԼ㣬游ѹԼҴȨ䣬ǿô춼һҵͷҲ¶ǣɷжӣıҲΪǳıǡ
¶һ˿ãԼҲҲΪĸӳı𣿡
̾Ϣһսֵ֣ػ
һ˲˵ͷѾеĵο֣ĸ̫ļ㵣ˡ
ҡҡͷָֻѹӵģЦĸĴæû÷ء
ԣԣѾ˱ˣ㰮Եģˣţ
ãůѬĻ˯
ƻĸŮոճԹΪ䵱һЩֵǮĶЩСѾͷԼС⼸յĲҲܼЩȡ
ԴΪĸ׽⿪ĽᣬƻҲ׻عһСӵӣհŰܿնЦӯӯġ
Ժ£ƻֲŰܿӣҳԳ˺ܰ
ܿüͷӣҲ֪ܻǼٵܣǰôûзѾͷô龫֣ô
ȻЩΣǰƻڻĶӣ㰡ôûһҵӣô̰ԡ
ƻֱĸ첲ʹı¡
ܿС绯һ̲ˮﻹֿСģ̲סԼǲ̫ˡ
һĽеˣȴ쳣ۡ
ιͻȻһŮĸŮ֮ܰ
ƻ΢ŵۣͿһĻ֦չСŮһо޲ð·ϣڻ·˰죬ſŻȥ
ǺˣΪﳳ֣ܿüͷʵ
һʮֲмһͷǰڳһ˵ļƣ㲻һˣ˭֪ոţ
ƻȻ֪˭ǰŮǰûٴ򽻵ȴ֪ʣ˭
ͷﵽϣһĿ˵ӣﵱȻǰ
Ŷﰡƻ豭һڲŵҵǲ֪ΪһŮʲôýġ
㣡̴ŭǲǣѸ˵ģ
 

ʮ ʤ

̵Ļƻüҵǲ֪үʲôʱһӡ
һӻ𷢲е磡˵Ժҵĸˡ
䰡ƻͷӣѱ˵Ķ㵱硣
㣬죡̾ٲ£Ҳ֪⻰踸ס
ƻצӣûʲôȤСѾͷˣ˸ǷζԻ֪ˣ뿪ˡ
̿ӣըˣͻȻԼϳһŽڱޣ˵ͳƻ
ƻڴŹǷҲûжһߵİܿӵ˲䣬ͳ嵽ƻǰһѱס
ƻһĸ˲Ұ׵ٿʺѪȾһѪɫܰһһ㡣
ӹˣȻи
ƻҪһҲˣıӣǣԼģ
ƻܿһ£תǾ˼Ц⣬ëȻ
վһֿһϷ֣ʱͻȻС㣬ǰŮС㡣Сүͷ⣬ٶ֡
ƻָžž죬Ҳûֱ߹ȥһѶıӡ
ϲǰɣҾͽ̽㣬ӵ׸ô棡
ѱ˦ڵϣһġžԺ죬ɼһӸһӸһΡ
㣬ҪʲôҪǸңңҾõɱ㣡
ƻһԲѪɫŨıһ˦ֱϳȥ
ܿһһƻ
ֱһǹȥˣס֣
һӰֱӴԺ˽һŰѱӸƫˡ
ƻӴһ̧ͷĿˣеɱⲻ
ŮȻԼʹɱ֣ճƻеĺҲֻ಻١
ƻվֱӣĿʲôҲҵãҾҪѪծѪ
İ仰ɫһ䣬۾һݶĿһƻֱӱסʹҿŮһĶӣȻҲôˣ
ôһޣճڣŭŮõǸ
Ǹƻĸ׵أһŮĸԺдĸ̹̣ܽܽӦҵл
㣡ճðɡ
ƻ˦˦ıӣҪҵǸҲԣɱٺúøǸ
˵ţһΣǰ弸ı˦˳ȥ
ճû뵽ԼǰȻҲҶ֣ɱʤҲһֱӳ嵽ǰ̧žҪߡ
ƻϵԭһתֱӶ㿪һţһƬ½Ƕûࡣ
ô׾ٵĶ㿪ԼĹƣճ΢΢ԾŮѧôһ֡
ûճƻ磬ʹ̵ܵǰıҪϳ顣
ɾڴʱƻͻȻܿҽһͷһѡ
ǸūŰܿ첲ϵ˿ڣѾһƬѪģ
ƻﻹ˵Ͻѵ̣תȥܿ߳塣
ǹԾҪʱֱܵճ󣬿ϵĵҲزס
Űܿϸصˣƻһ˫۾׺ˣĿԺˣƺܸоԼһʧ
ܿ⸱ģҲһϽס֣ƻƻ㿴㻹ǵӦ𣿣
סƻһ̣ƻǱԻˣôʵ
֧ĸףһҲҪúñĸףǾƤӵĸ׾ͱ˵ıˡҪộ
ǿԼȥĸװѾ¶ģҪǸۡ
ҪħӣճҲмֵһ۰ߣ
ߣƻǴӵﴫģɭɭҿ˭߳ȥ
ճŭѵҶ˲ɣ
ƻȴûлشԭλãֱȥ
ճû뵽ȻĻʶĲֱ֣㵽һߡ
ƻĿͲ֡
ۿ˫žͺ񱻶ԭأҲƶˣֻԭɪɪķ
ƻͺһıӺ˦ϡ
ֺһԼ۵ش
ƻûҪŹ˼﷭ź⣬ı־žžһҳ飬ɱĺУûһ˸ǰֹ
ʮһ½ѵ
 

ʮһ ѵ

ܿۿڵϹķԽԽСƻıȴһ㶼飬ûоһʮʹƻһӣȴҪЩ
Ѿ棬þȫ˻еƻˣ
ƻıһ٣ķࡣ
ֱһţ޺ûôȴܡӴӴţȻһٱӣɼƤˡ
ҿܿģƻǿûлͷǾֱ߹ȥ
Ůݣ
ճѾӦҲɱŮĺһ
˻úõվΪʲôҪݣƻĿͺһ
ճ첽߹ȥҪıӣȴֱƻɵĶˡݺݵҧҧȥץӡ
ƻٴβĿճıӿٵĳȥ
ӳԼɹճ̶ȥ۾ðŮҡ
ƻͲϻӵʱѾ嵽ĸŮǰ
ι죬ﱧ̸޿ɱܣҲʶĻס̡
ƻһûдֱһŰߵһߡ
˵ڵأһżʯֱֱĲѪ˲˳ҽһתͷճдеү
ճŭɶĳĽͳ嵽˸ǰֱӾҪƻϿ
һߵİܿӦֻõɴ۾һֻøεѡ
ڽҪƻ˲䣬ͻȻתͷһ˫ͨ۾ֱֱĶճ۾
ճһʱ׺ݵסˣĽҲûļͷ
ռҪ˵ʲôңҾƴһҲƻ˵ţ̧־͸ѾŴһơ
һƿɲͨİô򵥣ƻСɴһҲϵָӡѪ
̱һƴĳ׻عҪ춼ˣ۰ۣɱɱˣ
ճؿڿٵţͺڳ˹ףôΥĽҲûȥ
֪Ҷ֣ƻվڽе£ָһƣֱӽȵ˵ϣ˰ߡ
İ̱˻׵ϸ߻ѪˣүѵôĿѾͷô۸𣿣㿴ҪǣҪ˰̣һˣ
̱Ѿ۵ʶģһԼּܻ̣ŭֱ˹ȥ
һ˹ȥ޵ĸң֮ģЪ˹ƻ̫һ㸶۵ģ
ƻЦһһ޿ֵӣֱ˵ҿܰô
ﳹױ˻һҪƻĲӡ
ƻûֻǲĿճͲţճܷԼ
Ȼֻûͱճץסˣдżֲϲˣ㲻Ҫˣ
ֱҪԼĶ䣬֣۸
ԼһһŮֵĽҲͰˣ⻰ӱ˵˵ȴճüͷô˵ƻĹ⣬˵ǼǽԼҲȥˡ
Ŀһ۰˵Ҫˣ
̫Ҳ̫䣬һϽԼеĺݶֻȥ̷ʹޡ
ƻӣǳ׽ȻһʼͲֻ̣õۣ
ռҪҩҪĸŮϵǺõˣҲý˵
ճĿȴû˿İ취Ĳ֪׿ʲôΪʲôҪ
ߣ̣Űȵ
ǳ׳ԺӣƻŸϽܵ˰ܿߣŮ㵣ˡ
ܿѾƽҰһҡҡͷôΪΪﻹô㡣
Ȼ˵ƻȴûϿһ˿Ц⣬ЩΡΪĸл̫һЩһѵ֪ԼǺǵģֻӲ
Ѿͷһˮƻڴͷܿ˿ڡ
ܿ۵÷һҲԣƻܣֻ˵ЩתעĸףǲǾ̫ˣ
ܿ΢΢һ㶣תͷ˵ʲô
ĸѵΪ̫𣿡ƻҲЩˡ
ܿ׹΢΢һ̾Ҳ̫ЩҲδֻǵģΪǲ֪ҪʲôϹǺͿˣﷴƫţԺ˴ǡ
 

ʮ 

ܿһƻϣеˣְ취
ճΪһʿļȻԶϳˣҲһˣѲΪ˵ӸԡŮΥϲŮԶ
ʮ˽һ㣬һ֮ǰЪ˹ֻڰĿţŴ̵Сһδ
ճ滨ģҲЩˣõ裬Բ̵̵ġ㣬Щϵˡ
ĨᣬתģʲôˣĸŮô裬ǻϣ
˵ʲôճŭֿԹĿԼˮϴþˣֻҲ֪˵ҪһëҪΪʡǼˣҪǴ϶׬ʲôˡ
ѵͰ𣿡ʵҲ̫үˣ쵱Ҫ㲻ٸǹ¶ĸĻ̻ˡ
ճһǸң޺޵˵ŮȻոĽѣҪո˵ģ
һϵᣬʵүγأ
ճְһиƻ֪գǼһҾ͸
û뵽Ȼһкܿ˼ƽϣҿѾͷǸǣռ̫ùˣŸˣ
ճ˵ͷΪȻ
ͷ˵ո²˳һȻǶһ֮ˣѹһѹɷ
һֱճͷѹ飬ǰֻǽŽɣǺеĻġ
ֵ˵ͷЩɣ
صӦ£ٵһ˿ݶ
鵽Ǽһ㶼ģؼҪŪ˾֪ĶҲôһǡ
ܿͱ̣Ĺ̴񶼱Ƴˡ
үոĸλʦ龸ˣ۽üҶЦ⣬˵龸˿ײɽģ˵Ҳ룬빬һأ
ճ΢΢ü϶Ҫ룬ģ
ЦҪȻ˵ոָأԼŵġѹ˵Ǹй
ճͷһݣ棿
˵ͷѾǰȺˣүҪҪȥ˵䡣
ҾͲȥˡճȻƻŲɣΪһˣﻹǾΪ鲻ʡ
˵ŵȥԺ￴
ǣүʵûķԸҲôġ
ܿ˵ĵ˿ھЩȾźòЩ
ƻƻˣԺȦ׼ݣͻȻһһȺ˽
ƻüͷĽѵ̫ˣ
һһµǰͷͷüëҲǰ׵ģ߻һ׵ķ˵ΨһһɫͷͷǺɫġ
ޱϲüĿչĿԶһɷǵģ
վ࣬˵ˣǸߵԺˣ㿴ʲôף
龸ֻ΢΢˵ͷϴδйı飬ֱһ䱸ƻвһĨɫ
һֱСĹ۲ϵı飬һĨɫȻӲ۾һϲָæ˵λǸеĸԱǸǴС㣬ƻ
ʲôŮϵǲǺˣƻܿǰһվ
ܿǸʿģˣǵĿѾµ֣һѰƻԼǱ˵Ժӣﲻӭǣ̸뿪
һĨɫЦһôʲô龸ˣǸ̫أǲ·ˣ˵ţ˿ָ
ƻ⻰Ҳĸ˵Щв֪ǺЦЩνĸװŪİϷǾȻô׵ˣŲɡ
˿ǸʿòͽѡҪԼ˲ɡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôԺס˲£ʲôҲģܿһȻ׼Ȼռң̫Ҳƴһưˣ
֪ӲɰܿƻʵֻƼһ½ǣҲܹƾһƬ½Ǿܶϳ˿߸ŵôˣҪǲЩ׶˵ƻֻҪһˡ
 

ʮ 龸

˫ֲ£һֱһԲ龸ͻȻڵ֪ܷϵһۡǴģ˿˿⡣
ܿһۣû˿ã⸾һԡɷǣɼҲǵõ֮ˣαΪլ黵ԼУ
⻰Ѿʮֲ龸ȴ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬Сһ۱֪˵֮ʣȴǷܻ˵ġƶüب۰С㣬ѵûв𣿡
һԺ˽һ
ﾪһôͻȻ֮ʣܿȻԣȷʵƻı仯ǣ
ƻǾȣһһμİˣ֪䣿ǰĹƣɳĸ֮û֪Լ֮ǰƢԸ
˻ûлعܿѾ˵֪ԵɣһڣͻȻʶڳ㽹ĸ߱ƻȷʵֲ
龸ĹǣתԱߵİ˵λˣ»Ҫʿɶֹ㽫ƶѾԲذɡ
ﰵҧҧ֪һʲô˵ܡλ龸϶Ҫ֣ôҷӣֻǿЦ˵ﻰΪ·ȻūҵҡǣūҾȸˡ
˵꣬ʹһȺ뿪ˣٳԺŵʱȴһվڲԶһСѾߡ
СѾУɲĳ˵ͷ
˵ȶ뿪֮󣬰ܿͽ龸˷Уһ裬ƻԼɹҶҪ
龸űҶӣȤһڣɽ뻭ʫҩݲ֮̧ͷƻһתһã˲һ˫꣬Сƶ⻰ɶԣ
ƻͷһӽŵɢȫϵװģˣȻмֱ£ǿԼꣿ侭һȷʵҲǴԽģϵҪԼˣ
γԣܿȴף龸ֻ
龸ȴ⿴һۣƻ˳ߣ˰¶һƬ½ǡֲðߵʹ죬ԭһ֡
ƻϵˮߵſ˹ȥ
СѾ̵߱ˮһţȴŪ죬ֻסԼ졣
Ұè·ǰƤɣ
СѾһ֪ǷԼˣĸҶϽתܵˡ
ܿȴЩ֣ԺкʱҰè
ƻҲûнֻͣǽˮŵһߣ龸˵ղСŮеĪ֡ĻСŮףһȻ˫꣬Ǻδģ֮Ѱ֮ҪǰСŮ⻰ɶԣ
龸û뵽ʻЦС⻰ûƶˡֻǰСˣ
ƻܽ˿۾ƽһθо־壬˵ʲôˣѵܿԼĲɣ
оĻ֣̿龸һЦС㲻ؽţֻƶЦˡ
ƻȴЦһ㶼ãϵڸЦŵģԵķˣûж⡣
龸һڲ裬˵ƶ֮ˣȴΪСƶͬ俴ȴĴǡƶСԵСһԣȻ죬αؾһʱĳԹܷȻߺ
ƻĿһʱ֪λشػһֻ촹ȴûԼУûһԼ˱Щʲô
龸иͣŮϻȴ֪ͨȴԲ㣬ֻϣ˷þѡ
˸Ƶ˵ôһܿһɻ󣬿龸һ仰ȴˡ
ƻռҶһų֮ģ޵ԴȴԼԸƻȴִ⣬Լĳ
龸̧ͷƻһۣҲ¶ִͣĸҲһֲɡ
Ⱦһ裬龸뿪ˡ
ܿƻĽͳš
ƻиǸдȻˣԼֱͳ֪ټ֮ˣӵ˼
ϢһʱϹˣȴûмˣʱ˸еˣûһ֪Ǻʱߵģĸųȥġ
޺޵Ķ˶ţһƲһƣ˵֮ʣƫƫҪɺа
գո¶龸˵ռҴС̫أȻȴѱɸʢ
뿪ո龸Ȼ֪ĻѾŤʲôӣҴһصʹѴеջ˵
 

ʮ ô

ĴĻʹڣڵ龸ˣһ˵ˣ˴˽
μϡ龸˸һݣϵ֮Ҳȥ֡
Ͳ£ҲһҪԷµ已̥֮ʱ˭Ҳ⡣
ΣζеĽʮڴ
龸˹ػϣոСȻĸ֮ʣ
棿ʮ־ϲ̽С֮ʱ콵𣬸еõɮ˵Խ˻Ȼȥ춼
ĻȢ֮ˣĽɽҲӵȹ̣
뵽˴иϲʤȴԣֻЦлѾ޽̨ɽˮձ
лϡ龸΢΢ȴû˿ĸм֮飬мֵȻ
֮߳龸΢΢һЩȥķƺֻصϡޱϲҲһɵģƾǺӵˣһȻƽȶȹġ
⼸գ춼ƽλҲϰ˳϶Ӱ
ʣΪȻؼûսҲû֣⸳˰ҲڱСûдֻһȻѾܲ볯£һûְλûͷΣǹڻ֮һ
һԵ̷̫:ĻʵԼҲ˵ؼûսû֣ȻָΪʲôҪ⸳˰ôһ٣
Ҳվ˳:顣ȻӯƹһսΪӦҪԶǡ
̿˿ˣ裬йӰ仯ް֪ʲôöûпڣ˳Ĭ֮С
ǰΪһѺϼȻĻӲ볯ַ̫ԣȻԼ⣬⻧ƫҪһš֪˵ǹֱ֪һΪѾ̫ͬһϡ
ֹ˺һᣬ̲ƽȵĿڣ˵Ķеģ˵˵Ϊμ⸳˰ڱеģ
費˵:Ȼظ㣬ҲսҪ׼ƹķѣðв̡̻ϵر͸Źũ̲Уյı·Ӹ࣬Ҳ㡣Ϊģּĸ˰һֻǸһȴ͡ⲻ!
Ļʵ⻰Ҳδ̫Σˡ˽Ҷָ㣬ô׾ټҰǨ!ߣ˸г裬ֻҪԼӳͽ䣬Ȼ˼!̫˵Ѿŭ⡣
һΣʶĸ˵ʧ裬Ѿ粻סʵġĵܵĸȴ裬ԼҲܸʵءȽûзΪүССͱѾڴԼֱԼͷϵһѵ!
̧ͷһϷû˿̣·ʮֳͷ˼һᣬǲ²һ˵:̫ӵ»ֽ֪еĸ˰һʮĶصһζʲôһճɳȥ˰ֻʡԼһġһʧȥͶǾֻأ硣
һ£ɨڳˣһЩ˰ǶԲǳ۵һ仰ѣǶǶش󡣸㣬ǵĸ㣬ֻܽ㹻ĸ˰ǵĸ㣬ȴǲ±ϡĵ鶼Ըôסǡ̫ӵ˵Լӳͽ䣬ɶ²衣
˵һ㹰ֵͷ˼ҪľϽ̡
ֳĬãҲ޻˵ô˵˶˽伲࣬ٷΪ˳͢伲!
ڳĬѹĿϢʱڳˣû뵽ĻӾȻ԰յļô˽⡣
û̧ͷֻ˵:ʵЩ̫ӵ¸ҵģ⼸ճ΢˽ãļŶ˶ֻ̫ӵ̫Ĺǲû뵽һ㡣
⻰˵ûһͣ٣ƽľڳʵһ㡣
⻰ͻȻЦԭ̫ӻȥ飬!ֵ:̫ӣĻʵܽռ⸳˰⻰𣿡
ȫ֪ôͻȻ֮ĳԼӦҲѸ٣˵:ĻʵⷨӿǿУǾĻҪͻúСǹ飬ûǱ˻¡
ĵ˵ͷͽˣ뻧úһ£޵ӡ
ȻӦ£˳
߹ʱݺݵĺһһĵ⡣
ûпһ㣬ƽ߳˴һ˾ü䡣
ûνȴдΪƽϵľٶʵ̫ԣԶС
ûЩ˽һ̨סʵҪЧȻҪô˵㣬ҲҪ˶֪Ҳã̫Ҳã!
 

ʮ Ϊ

Դ龸õȷϣƻ͸
糿糯֮㽫ճ
Ҳûзϻֱʵ:ŮƻΣ
ճһüͷ΢΢һת˵:ػϡŮѵĺǰʱ䲻ֹԼã͹ȥĽֶˡ
һʹĵģΪһԲԽǽӻɳŮʵʧҲ˻ϵһƬġ
ЩʵţЦ:ŮȷʵӸңһ֮άĸףТĺ͹Ҳʮ͡ȻѾ϶ƻպ̫Ȼʲôͻʶô롣
ճӲЦЦ뷨ʵǲ²͸ƻǲҲܵһôСĺӰ!
תǧأôԲôע!
ֵ:֪Ů·龸˶˵ǺаҪ߸ƹ!
Ϊֻ²ٱƻɱ
û뵽ȻȻŭǺ˴ֱЦ!ջ龸̸׿ڸޣŮޱȡһû˵ĸֻŭ:Ϊʲôմ˵ĶȴҪƹԭΪմһλȸѵԼŮ𣿡
һŭճҲûͷû龸ô˵ģղЩǴӰġ
뵽ҲһŭҪԸǶĸŮҲӦòԼʵ!
Ϣŭǳ飬Сáճ̹
һۣҲ֪ô뵽Ҳ˵ƻĸҪռҵĸ֮ϵġҲɱ֮졣
һռұǧʵڲֵһᡣҪСճԲҵδ͵
ˣȷʵͿôһȻ޵ĶԺĪҪžˡ˰֡
ճȴʮֲʣʲôһйؽɽһҶȻ̫͹ƻĵλܿ϶һ㣬ҲЩ֮ԲŶƻôעֻǲ֪֪֪ƻպķɻڴǼпܽոĸ֮ϵġ
˼˴ճˣΪҰռҰǰô꣬ѵһССʿĻ!
ʲôûбֳֻ:΢лϡ
ͷ˼ֳ֮£˵:°ɣպ»Ҫմ˶Ĳǡ
ˣǳķ֮¡ճĻص
˵⣬˵:հ㸮еּȻܺúý̵ƻޱӹһλȥ
ճüͷһ壬ʮֵĲáʲôĿģǴӹȥһ֣˻ô˵Ҫ˵Ů̲ãҪûϽ!
лϣֻǳŮӣҪе𣿡ƴǡ
ȴʮּ֣Ҳź˵ģֲһȥšĸŮƯ꣬޲͸˱һ⣬մҲҪ𣿡
Ѿ˵ϣճʲô˵֮һӦ£ֻǳϳģڸظʵǲ㡣
֪˼Ц:һ˰͵ոˡ
ĸŮлϡ
ճһ·صոֱӽ˰Ժӡ
ﻶϲϲӭӣȴͷһơ
ԱźѾһϽ˳ȥ
ӵί:ūʲôүôƢ!үʲôҪūҵ!үүҺ!
ճϸĸͷۣҪһƣǿڵ滨ģƻû¡ȴ֣ŮȻСʮֵãŮվǸŮ۽ܾ֮լô֪뱧
ܿոճɻֻǣɪ޺ľڿǰֵֻİֱĿ
ߵϧһɨգŭ:㻹ʲô£!㣬Ϊʲô龸˵ŮҵȴǺа磿Ϊ龸ԼײģǷǻɹġɵãʵ˵ڻǰ!֪֪ѾΪҲӣһĽΪŲߣԺѶĸŮһָͷ!
ôһҲհŪˣڵ޶ˡ
ճĻ𷢳ȴֻøӵҲ֪İﻹ
 

ʮ Ѧ

ճָֻϸԼһ裬͵Ĺ¡
Ҳһģ֪ȷʵԼˣϽ˱˹ʣһ˵ճϥϣʹ飬ūҺͿ!ūû뵽үүӦõģӦõġ
ģʮֵǸΡ
үūźүô꣬ΪүһŮķϣүԭūҰɡճɶĿ޵:ūֺͿ£ȫΪͷް!ʲôүǲ֪һŮѹͿԼ绨ˣ֪ιȥΡӶͷⰡүūôܲ!ү̵ķϣԭūһΣԺūһκ顣
ԼǸŶҳŮճûôˣڿԼϥͷɵİŭҲԼȴֺ⣬ǻʲôңҷֻãǱҷˣҾô׵ķŹ㡣
һǿٵĵ˵ͷǣү
ճַһѣɣٹӡ
ɵվճıһȲ衣ˣô۰ԼһССĴҲ˲ԼʧȥСҪõ࣬õߵĶ
ճŲ裬˵:ˣúдǱߵĳԴöҲҪ̫ˣʱҲҪǱߵ鷳ˡ
ȴôģһתּ΢΢ճ˵ʲô
ճɫһŰЦŵ˵ͷְѰӵ˻
һ龸ߺƻĸŮƺû˿ĸı䣬͵ˣʳҲû˿ĸı䡣ƺʲô˸ı䣬ܿϵЦˣҪƻǧټƵĶġ
ƻ̬Ҳת䣬ÿնجѣûз𣬵ȴֻб
һСѾߴҴææĽ˵:ˣСүȥǰһ֣˵Ҫ̵Сġ
ƻͰܿ֪һ
˻ûк䣬ȥɡƻԼ·˵
ܿ˵ͷҲûж˵ʲôָֻͷ:Ȼǹ֣ҪʲôˡҪ嶯ճײСﷴҧһڡ
ÿüۣƻͷ֪
˵ȥˣСѾߴȣߵոá
һȥͿһʮµĸֱϣλճͰ
ӦˣƻţְԴۡ˵ϺƣüһĹ֣ȻǾüɼһˡ
ƻϿ̫ϢߣλѦҲڰ
ϴŰɵ·壬ͷ˳Сͯ٣ɼδǵġ˭ܲһ侫£ƤͦСɵıӣ촽˹ĿӦһ˫ʱϵǳңԶʱרע߷ͯ棬Ϊһ˫۾ע㣬֪ж˻
ǹѦ֣ǻ̵ģʺáճǸľͷƵģֻԼȿ˵
ƻǰһ΢΢ݼѦ֡
ѦҲƫӲմС㲻ÿūһˡ
ƻ֪ԼƢԾˣֵ:񲻿ɷϡ
ȻʮֵĹ˳ҲжȣѦֵĹ۸л
վλϵճͰ˵:үˣūȺʹС뿪ˡ
ճװһȸģƻ˵:ӣĪҪ֣Ҫ֪ǹضǹģԺ洦
ƻ﷭һۣϻǵ˵ͷûг
תǱһ·ص˻ӣһ·ҲûκεĽ
ܿеȺ򣬼ˣҲӭݼ֣ӲʣûеǰֲҪ
Ѧ̧ͷ֪Сòģշ˵òҲһһġ
˿ūһū͡˵ţȴǰ˼ӣ˿п롣
ƻ΢΢ۣѦҲʲôöԸĽɫ
ܿҲ΢΢üԵһ衣
ѦĺǲҲǽӵİãĩ˻˵һ䣬Ҷζ̫ˣҲûʲôò裬ŪЩȰɡ
⻰˵˸λǰ˺ƺҲ̫ˡ
Ѧֿ˿ôԼ˵:ϼȻūȻҪúý̵Сģ쿪ʼСҪʼѧϰǹأС㲻ҪΪū
 

ʮ Ͽ

һһūƫƫʽӻҪͷžãһ֣һڡ
ƻȴûд֣һ²֪ܷһ¡
˵ɡѦֲ˲豭Ҷһĵģ
ӹʱ滹ЩġΪռұϾǵһңȥռһС㵱֣ǲڹҪ١
ɲ뵽ո֮˸˵˺һ˵ʲô˱͵쳯ѾʮһˣǴСҲǳ쳯ﻰ˼ǣոӣ֮ԻȫΪոСʵ̫ӣҪúõļβС
ԣǸӦҲһķˣҪҲҪԼӳΣ̻˴С㡣
⻰Ѧֲ߲ˣǶĸŮʮ֡ȻûоԼ̵СĵжأŵúúһСƾЩֶλβһĸŮɡ
ƻǸӣŭ:֪֮ǰôֵġ
ѦֲмȻūúչλʳˡ
Ҳ˵ϸûнѦˣƻʵ
Ȼôʣ֪ԲԵ޹һǹءҪ˵ɸոͼĸŮǸһ㡣
Ѧֵû뵽ȻݣЦһСȻ紫һƱ䡣ҼȻǻĽ֣С㲻أȻҪһֵΡСúý̺ãܲ϶ҵΡ
ڸɴūԳˡ
ƻĺһֶǰ!
ֻǲ֪Ǵ˵ҵġʵ
Ѧֲ޴Ȼ˵ǰģֻ˵:մС¼ѵÿѾĴˡȻȷʵûǲƤһ˵
ⷬƻһֶţһе֣⹬Щﶼ˵ˣôᴫһСѾͷԡ϶ǵո֮󣬲˵¼ģһ˹⽫Щ͸©һֵĸŮġ
ⱳ뵽Ҳ̫һ㣬ո֣ΪʲôҪ¹֡ǣɱһֻʲôɡ
ѦȻ֪ƻѾһˣһ˵:СûУǾҪʼϿ!
ƢİܿѾ⸱ģҪȴƻסˡ
ãҼˡϴЦ˵
ӣѦֵЦЦվסģʱ᷿Ǳ߾²סǰɡ
᷿ƻķ䣬ܿʶľҪ˵Уȴֱסˡ
ã᷿ʰõģȥɡ
Ѧָ⣬ͷ뿪ˡ
˳ȥܿһסƻֵ:ָΪĸŮôԼӸ!
԰ꡣƻЦţһߵãȻǶˣȻΪҼ仰ͷʵģȻҵƣҵҪҵҪȷɾ裬쿴ҲúϷŪϷŪ
Ů龫ֵӣܿĵĳ㣬Ц:ĹӶ࣬ѷˣ˯ģ
ƻһѱסƻȻҪĸסĸǲˣ
԰Ϊȷʵ㣬סܿСⶺ
ƻɲҲܣҾҪס㲻!
ܿЦĿĸŮ˸ûбԤһĳüչ
һҹܿȥѦһٷʢ緹˲һϺõë壬ʩʩȻȥ
һű㿴ĸŮڳ緹ƵӲͷټһô̲ˡ
ѦֿĶüոʩؤͷȺİͷĸŮոĲܴ
ʵƻĸŮԼǮ˿ԵѾûôˣֻǹݸѦֿİˡ
ڵĳ緹Ѧ־Ҳûдߴ١Ӳͷ䱦ССϸϸţǸ˶˼ߴ١
ƻˣͷʵ̫ѳˣѦôߴ
ãѦȲͷˣС㵽׳ûУ緹ҪԵˡ
ƻڵĵһʱӵͷȴװһίӣһûԱ
СӣѦ߸Ӳмˣֱӵ:ҿûôй㣬Ͽʼ!
ƻʮֵΣ˿ϵͷƺʮֲһ㣬վ
 

ʮ Լӳͽ

Ҫ˵ʲôҪĥ˵ǡȻ߶˽Ҫ˵ǻʹѰ˼ҵС㣬СʱʼҪϸѵԺڸϵΪΪԼĽ㡣
Ѱ˼ң뵽һģѾų֣Ҳĺ£˵ǰֵڹҲΪ
ոǵһ壬⸮еֲҪ˵һе֣쳯ʹҲǱȲϡ
Ѧָոʱ򲢲ţǴӰ˵ƻĸŮ춼Ϊʮһּ꣬һСģߵĲͱʮԽС
Ҳˣܿͳڰ׼ң׼ȻȲռңǱһҲǿȥʮֹҪ˵ƻģǰһ̬ҲûĴ
Ѧָϵĵһξվˣ̧ͦͷǻҪôţҪôվҲʮн
Ҫ̬ׯûʲôݵķӣֻһһվţϴʱͺˮС
浽ѦֵǰƻȴԵʮֱ׾ˡ
Ȼ·ɵģһľͷһӲȻƶǰѦ˵ڷŵģѦѹͿһУһ㡣
뷣ҲǷһһ飬Ķʮֹ졣ֻѦּץ۵ĺ䤱
Ҳ˲ò豭ʲô裬ͷ͹һֱ޵Ӳɽ̣Ӳɽ̣
ûа취ֻȷվ˵ѵƻˮϰҲܹܰһ㡣
ƻûκε飬ˮͰ˵ߡ
ߵִֿ³ƫƫˮ˿
Ѧ۾ֿǾü˹ˣ׼ģˮҲԵô͸Ƶġ
ʮֵĲģְƻйҲˮܻܲôĲ·ɡ
ƻĿһЦǻġ
ȻˣѦҲһЩһԵĽĸ첲첲ֱɿʲôӣ
ᣬƻҧҧݣûз
Ѧ˵ֵĸоΧһȦĽһ´ϣֱͦˣ
δ䣬ƻһߵ
ѦһҪ㣬ƫƫ֪ʲôһ£Ȼˤıƻס
ĬĬջԼĽţƻ׼λã첲ֱӳҹȥ
Ѧֱڵˤͷۻֱôݺݵһֻθһ˲俪ʼʱĶҲͻȻ๾Ľ
һǰһļлһкǧѸ٣һƿϵƻһé޳ȥ
ƻǱӣϲ֪ô£é޵ķͻȻˣҲ֪޺ûС
˹վЩˮѦֵϣһƬ½Ƕûʪ˵ϵĻҳƻһߵҶˤ˵ϡ
һСˮһЩйҶǵȻܱ˲
صݣܿȻ΢΢ģЩֵʵҸոտѦûƵܳȥˣôǣ
ƻҡҡͷ˭޹Ҳ֪
ܿɻƫƫͷҲûжʣֻոСѾֽ߰͹ˣȻ첻ϿΡˣȥְɡ
ҵѾܺˣʣǵǮóԵġƻЩ⡣
ܿ˵ĶͷʲôѾܺˣֻӦ˵𣿣ֲСˣſڸ֮Щȥ֣ʲôʱɢӸˣʲôʱ㣡
ƻˣֻõͷһߵ鰸ȥˣ˿Լ֮ǰд֣ҲʮֵţҲֻдˣٽ¾¶Լʵˮƽˡд̫Ҳʹࡣ
Ѧֵкһ죬˰ҹַ˸գӶð˵ڶѦֲڰ
һ֮ҲԪˣˡ
ܿҲ֪ôͻȻˣΪЩˮǹ֣ҪǴû»СѾߵЩʵˮȥ˿
ʱǻЩܿѦǿƵҲЩˡֻǿ˿һˮмֿϡ
ܿûж⣬ҲʵģǿϾͿϰɡ
ƻȴһ΢΢ۣҪ־ͷŹˣϾֻһ˵ǹʹĴ̫̫ǿ⸱װԼЩʴȸˡ
ҲãȻȥɡƻܿ˵ѦҵĽ֣ǰ̺̺ɡ˵Ŀһ۴ϵѦ֡
 

ʮ ʵ

Ѧֿûǣ֮ǰԼ֮ǰͻȻ۾ΪײԼһ£һƻ˵Ҫźһϵġ
˵ʱƻͻȻһڴصϡ
ҪڵĻȫɼ
ƻƺҲһվһε˵ѽңû°ɡ
ܿҲûϵѦƺۼˣҲʮֲ˵ʵǲ˼Сëëŵģû°ɣ
ƻҲһеһץס֣ȴһֱѦֵϣһҲֱӰѦֵݺݵŤһӡ
ѦǼһᶼֱ˳
ܿվһҲûпֻƻûվˤϡ΢΢üһСжأˤжۣصӣҲ̫һ㡣֪Сֻˤһӣ֪Ϊǰأ
ʵһ£ѦֵûжҲѾʲԶˣٰǱ糣Ļˡ
ܿƻ۵ƻ㻹ǸȥɡѦӣź򲻺õġ
֮˵ѦźģźٺãҲ̵ġ
Ѿ۵ܲ˵Ѧ֣һܿ˵ѾͷˡСŪ߰ɣ
Ӧͱƻܿһί˵ǣѦӣ֪ΪŪأһźźɡ
̾һܿ۵ͷãʲôҲˣСѾɡΪƻֻΪ˶ס˵߸ʽˡ
ƻɵĵ˵ͷ
ѦֱּҪ޳ˣʵ۵˿ðܿ
Ȱܿߺƻһ֮ǰίͰ͵ӣֱӳСѾͷһǶдȥɣء
СѾֵУ㶼˳ȥ
ƻ첲ùһߵҩ룬ߵ˴ߣ֣úҩˡ߿ɲѰߣ˼ӣߵһ̬ǧȹڶûаڶѦֶǼûġ
Ѧֵɴ۾֪ԼǱϷŪˣŭһ
ۻ֮Իû³ͱƻһӸ»ȥˣҩ͹ԹԺҩֻôôأ
ѦֱһӸֻԼһҪһ룬˰죬Ȼ²һĻٿǰһЦŮֻǻеĶҪ£һһţҲˣС㣬ڣū۲ʶ̩ɽ˲С˹ūɡ
ƻЦЦһɻ󣬡˵ʲôôأ˵ôѪҨһ׵ҩѦֵ
ѦݺᣬûڰʱͲý£ΪǰôһڡûڣѾͷʱ򣬾ѾȻôһĻ
ôģƻ֪Ѿ֪ϵūĸһƻթӣڸԼģȵܷһգ
ôϵĶ͸Ӳ飬Ӳǰһҩһһ׵ȫιˡ
ѦѾѪģĵĻҲ˵ˡ
˿˵룬ƻŵһߣɴŴЦ⣬ֺҩͺúϢɡ
ѦֳֿԼŵһżҪɪɪ
ƻЦһץסļ򣬰˴ϣϵЦݳûˣɭɭ˵ʱû뵽Լһ³Ҳ֪˵ҺĸոܳġҾͺ֣Ϊʲôûи㡣ѾһѾһֱҴѾһ²˴ˡ
⻰Ȼŵĳɷָ࣬ǸѾͷȥҲһԼֻ
⻰ѦֻĸˣѾѰһٱ飬ԭǰԼǹʹԼİ
Ҳú£ҽ첻ᶯ㡣ֻҪʵʵģұ֤㻹ܰȻȥ֡ƻ֣Ŀ
ѦĻһ˿ķֻܲͣĵͷ
ˣƻָֻЦݣͷ
ֻɷٳʲôɱУѦָ̲ͣԼʾⶼԼɵģһϵûС
ƻһػôôСأ
ѦֻʣֻϽ뿪
ƻȴֲżˣ￴˿˷һӡЦ˵Ҳ֪ĸӹʵѣֲҽһЩɡ
ѾˣѦֻ˵ʲôֻܺ˵ͷո˺óԺúȵĹţⷬҲԼǮҪҲûҪ
ƻ˵ӣҲЩֶһߵˮҲϣҾͶˡ
Ѧ֪һԭˮԵʡ
 

ʮ ξ

ܿƻְˮ˻ֵôָ˻ˣ
ѦֿƻҲûж˵ֻǼһƻϴɾݸܿ
ܿ˻ȥƻ԰ɡ
ƻЦЦһⲻǻ𣿡˵·ϲ˲䣬ͷŵҧһڡ
⺢ӣܿЦãƻȴûгԣֻ˵ղҴѾ˵ʲô̵ʽóء
ƻЦһճӣҪһˡ
⻰ܿҲмֺЦճǺȷʵһӡ˶˵ոô׳ʱҲ
˵⻰־Լôںǰ˵Ъ˻ͷ
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ʮֵɻôҹôôϲκεĹˣʹǺŵġ
ƺ˺þãƳĹߵͷǰͷǹҲģ߲ǰ
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費֪ѾԲôֻ࣬Ǹ̺ݶģԵһǹȻԼΣֻһĻӣûƻİ߲Ժӡ
ԶӣһҲǲԡ
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ǲʲôɣ赲˼ġ
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ϵĲƷȫһ緹˵ʵ̫ʢһЩȻֻϲܳģɵﾹҲͬԷʱмֱŤˡ
ոжߣҲһ檰ˡһүһԷĵ
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ѾҲû뵽ƻͲ־ȻãڶྐྵȻҲ˶˲ʣϾȻֻһЩβ䡣
 

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û˯õƻӦЩɻĿһֻһߵĲ豭һڲ裬תֳȥˣʼԺܱЩïܵӡ
ѦɵˣҲ״̬Щֻ֣һߵİܿСǣ
ֻܿͷѣҲЩƣӦǻ˵ҹڷϳ֣Ƕû˯áҲģֲҪȥ
ҲһʵģѦĵһոڸ㻨Ҳֻõ˵ͷ˻ȥϢϢɡ
ܿüͷҲãǾտˡ˯һᣬٻƻȥ˯һᣬϹƻҪһϡ
ѦȻ˵ͷһ㶼ҪտʲôʰµĿԺæƻ
ֻӣְǸһһεģļķŵһԡ֮ܽԺ˺ܶӣЩϾ͸ƵģһͰЩӱൽһ
״Ķܽ海˺óʱ䣬ֽһƬ֡ܵһι״Ķûˣͣ
һææһ죬˳緹Ѧ־Ϳһ죬Ȼʲôãֱ϶СѾͷʲôɱ
ˣȷʵƻŪ岻٣ֻһЩ򵥵ͳװãûжɱҪЩɱͣһϡ
ɱ˵壬ٲһСѾһܶԸķЩ嵹бôˣ
æһˣ۲۰ܿ۵ĿƻﵹѾϢˣϱӺú˯㶢ţ
ƻһЦ޷ǿɾͱQˣ뿴ܿһЩĶ
 

ʮ Ѫҹ

ɱڶǻһڷȥƬѾǲȻˡ
ִƵȻҲЩƬȻҲͳǵй߹ߣеƬӵԺ
ƻһҪڲȥЩ˶ҪǵķˣҲͲֱ̣ӳ˳ȥ
һЩɱһ̾ɢӣȻ󲿷ֶɽܱߵ
ƻվڷϣŸ첲ţȻûжþʹĴ˾Ĺģ֮˶ˡ
໹Щ۵һûаæ
ôˣܿ洫
ƻЦɡ
ܿ˳ѦҲӶ᷿ˣҲʵǺЩ˵ôˡ
ƻŵƴ߽˳ִһľ
һ߽ȥ˶ЩĿɿڴڴֵϵˣǽҲһӵҲԽ
ǻǵŵģô̵ʱﻹûжܹѣѵҲѱûеһˡ
ƻĵƵݸѦ֣İӺԥİһ˸ˡ
ЩҲʵ̫⣬˴ϣƻͷˣ컹ôûдģոѵɱǲϸ
һ·ߣһ·ãԱߵİܿЩѺõĲҽҲûιȥƻȥһʹġ
˹һȦŵĺ˶ˣƻ˸ĹǷ˯Ⱦˡ
ЩûĺˣҲæŰЩŵĺ˷ǳ׵İˡ
ڶһ磬ƻˬ𴲣緹ӣЩֽдֻĲ֪Щʲôӽ֣֪Щʲôǵɱȴû
ƻҲʲôſӣͼ֡
ԺѾҪȥһҲУƻЦŰ˷Լ氡˰
ȻͷˣҲ֪ƻȻ˵ԼǺġ
ƻҲƽ˵ǲ滰ӳȥʱ˵鿴ģǺǰǣñ֤ܻųȥܰϢȥ
ϣľˡ
ȻôɵԼײȥƻɵô֪һб
ܿƻץһѵӣɻƻǴʲô
ƻЦŷϵԽԽ࣬ԺҪ塣
һЦקһӡ
ݡƿ֮󣬾ľҽ
ܿ˿ֿ˿ƻӣӵɻ
ЩƻӣĲҽӵĲҡ
ܿҪƿ浽׷ʲôȴƻˣĸףθǲҪˡ
ô˵һ൱ˣֻܿ˻
ȷѾ˼˷ܳļͣеֱ˵еֱӶ˵ϻǷϣеľһˡ
ǳ棬Ѫɺ˵ԲţеĺѾҲ޷Ծȡ
Ĳҽ˺ܳʱ䣬ƻãܿȴͷƤ飬ԴѲȥĳ
˺ҹĲҽûˣֻػصĽŲֻЩŲҲֻƻһˡ
˰ܿһᣬ˱˯ˡ
ʱԺǸո¹һĴڵˮ
ɱֵЧʲôǴɨսЧʲǾɨԵʰɡƻŹǷš
ܿһһģ治øĸ
˿ŵĶ᷿ѦֿûƻѣҲŵùǺɡ
ѦȷʵŵòУҲûǸӸҿ߿Щҽŵһû˯˯ء
һãǱȴǿ籩ꡣ
̫ʧˣ˵Ľ㣬⸱ģ𣿣ճӿŭҷֵ磬˸ƨɣҪǱ˿ˣʹϵĶˣ
˭ܰϢոȥ䵹վʮֶһӡ
ճŭ˹ȥô˵㻹ǰɣôɱֱɱȥɣ
ҲɱȥɱˡֻɧǣǽƣһЩ⡣˭֪ѾͷĺƶˣȻô壬ϵ⡣
⣿ճֻ÷ۣһǶʮˣǿɶֵˣ
 

ʮ Σķ

ʲôĺ߸Ͳģǲһʮһļ֣ƾʲô
ճҲһĹĵӣԽԽ⸱ߵӡ
ӲѹԼͷǹŭ˵֪Ҫó鼱ã㲻Ҫ˻лɵѦԺѦȻѾˣʱͱ˻ǰռ˭ӵһ۾֮
Ҳ΢һ£Ҳ֪鼱ãѾǼֺúþһҲʵûϵ־ȻֶΡźһһġ
һһѾճüͷٿ⸱ģ߸Щϲ˵мְա
˳ɡ乴һЦ۽üҶǲزסļаº󣬻ܽ޻ĸŮ
ճˣҪѦ֣ȻЩǣҲ֪һǸϸмļͳɹˡ
֮ǵ˵ͷҪɾ䡣
˵ͷš
Ѧִ˿̻֪ԼѾˣΧƻתС̫ˣϣһΪҪû˵ʹһ硣
ƻһЦȴЩްȻѦһǱסԺɾͲ֪ˡΪ˲µȻῪ˵ϾҪɱˡ
Ʋߵ֪ƻѾǵ뷨ϵˣǾԲٶˡ
ߵľӵĽţ춼гϵľƸӽơ
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ͷһ۲һѵģʵ߻ţøûаˤϣȻӶˡ
ҲͷһͰ̫ӵı鶼߲ЦǸʾǵöҪĶ֮Ĳ֡
һԲ̫ӺͳͻȻһƣӿͷüģ裬㿴ӡ
ǡӦһȻۿĸּ˰߿ƺʮеҪʵʩǻ©ٳ
˼һ£ʣ̫뻧³̣Ϊûпȡ֮
ڳһһԩͷŲɫһݵףôһ仰˵̫ӷǰѻˡʲôвûпȡ֮˼ǻȫǷ£
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ûʲô飬ֻǵ˵ͷȻ̫ûУѾ˵Ĺˣܲһõ³
һ䣬ͻȻǰһϴȻʣҪһ¡
վʱڳΪƢõĲ񻰵ĻѪˣȴû뵽˵
ʲô£̵üͷһ¡
Ҫʥּܹϴ´ҪһɳղȥѲ顣һ֣Ը
̿˿еȥһʱҲá˵ͷ̫³̳·ɡĹػҲޡ
ûвֻּ
̫ʲôʱŪ³Ųںںܾ˳ĳ춼⼸جεĴԽԽƵôܰһȥۿȷû²С
ôңԶĵģƻȻоֻżҲǾ䣬ԶĻ浱󿴵ʱȴһƬġ
ԺѦͻȻصҵƻһ˵ˣС㣬⼸նǸŷĽдšգǰ̣ŵС̫Ͱ͵ǰȥˣϾˡȻû˵϶Ǽһˡ
ƻҲʮֵ⣬ЦһжҪллˣûϼͺãͿܻ˹㲻˹Ҳǻˡ
Ѧһӵļ񲻾˵Ͼ뿪طˣЩµܹˡϻһЦģ⻹ǶС㰡
ƻ΢΢һЦҪǼǵһʱͻǰճֻճҪǽһҪɱѦˣ
 

ʮ һ䶨

ȻͬƻϵһϴλҪɱ־Ǳ˻С
ǻƹ֣ƹݣֱ᷿ȥ
ƻվڰǵһж򶼿Щ˽ӵӦöɱѦǾͲûȥˣȵľֹǽʱ
Щ˽˶᷿ҲٵǱ˹ȥѦ˻ôȻܾôˣǽ¶ոжô׶Ҫ֤
ֹ죬ֱǱ˶᷿УѾﱸôȵľʱ֮ǰЩ岻Щ۷ˡ
ǽӣֱʹһѦֵļû꣬߱ļҵĲҽ
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̴Ӵ˽ȥ֮һ˾ϸСĶǽϣЩӾûһĵط
ľƻҲһЩԺģݳĽǶȡһǱ붫᷿Ҫȥɱͷ˯ŵѦ֣ζƻķֺ
ؾһͨڴأӾ֫ʧȥж
ɱֿ˽ϵĵ
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ѦѾǰĳŵһţĿŵԼȽȴˡ
鲻ãƻһŰԱߵ˹ȥɱײһߡ
ƻڵһ֮ǰһ˵˳˹ȥĻѾþˣھǵƴʵʱˡ
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׻ƻһץסһֱӻӽһĽ¡
һƻĵһߵϡ
ѦŸսսվƻ߹
оҪƻеĽ͵ָȻɱһ´࣡
ѦһϽ˫֣СˣҾС㿴ˡɺŽһ䱸ĿԼѦҲ̾һСڣٲǸҲ˺Լľ˰ɣ
ȷʵûж⣬ƻŻķеĽӱһӦûҵ·ɣҸһϣҲȥĸףǵ˲ɡ
ѦֵŽŴʬ߹ȥ䵹񷭳·任ã˳˿Щҩ
Ȼ濴ŶѪʮֵˣȴûж˿ڣصһڱ˿ڲǺƤⶼҪˡ
˿ڣƻҲԻָЩùѦҩߵǸڱǽϵǰ
һһϵ֦ҩҲ˿ϡ
֫ѾˣҲӲȥھǸֹѪھˡ
ɱѾ˹ȥҲܵ͵סʹࡣ
Ѧ֣ͷƻתͷѦ˵
ѦȻԸ⣬ǻǽ˷ƻ˵ģ˷һߵУһ׳ϡ
СҪʲôѦЩ֣˰ܿ첻ͱ˸
ѦֵƻЦһҪ˾ߣҲÿǵı¡˵ɨһȦ
ѦҲܿ˿ҲһȻ˵ϰڰӼһΣҶǽͷ϶С
ƻģѾɥڴˡ
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ѦŷӦСҪո
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Ҳȫþˣڶٲ˹ԼҪ᧿Σˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣڶʱȻԹˡ
ճ俴һ߽ʱֻ춼Ҫˡ
ûвֻ̾޺þûеһˣǲضˡ
ճսսûпڣ˵һ̵ĻôСأ
 

ʮ 

ͻȻոռҸ֮ǰûκεķһʱЩֲճǺˣΪռҼ̾侲
ػϣ˶ڸУ˽ĸŮճ΢ͷʹһɫκѾʧ룬Ȼûнյʾ⡣
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ƻĸŮһȻˣһʱҲЩԾ
һС˹ȻСͷѾˣǾ͸ϽƲȥɡ
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Ѿһ뿪֤̾ͻᱻ١ʱͳ˿տƾôܰճһƤ
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ȴ಻ģһĿǸС˹ʵǲУλСϣϿһТĵķĹĸŮ
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ĺܲɣȻڲˣǲʥˡճӵĿ⻹˵
ȴҲûЦˣֱճһʲô
޷Ȼ޾ȥվ
ճһϽ˵ϾոĺԺȥǶвɡ
Ŀȷʵв㡣ֻȥģǳʲô޿ҲĲǳʱڣȻ˲ôˣմҲɡ
ճҧҧ
ο˵շ˵ԺӿǶոģϵĺԺɡļһ䡣
Ѿ¶ĽҪȥƻĸŮҶɶУҪȥ˻ӣԴҲҪ᧿Σ
뵽ޣôᱻһСѾͷƵⲽء
մ˴·ɣþò˵մʲô
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ճ˼ǰ󣬻ǾȴȥȻڷԼҪ𷣲˵һȥӵġ
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һ˺߽ܿ˻ӣһԺţز˵ʲôѪ˵һС
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ճҲһ룬ǿŰ쵽ڡ
һ߽ȥͿƻĸŮѦֶվһģǰܿĸһ㲡̬ҲûС
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⵽ô£ֻԼһˣתŭҲزסɨˡ
 

ʮ 

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ĿһۣҲû˵ʲôԼһ˳ȥУƬ֮˳
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۾֮ȻûüıһЩ
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ȷѾֻۣһͷھͷҲǰ˭Ҫǰ塣
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ճ߬Լ֣ҪɱԶһʲô𣬵ڲɱֻԼҲһ١
 

ʮһ 

ճھ޴ѹ棬Ƕˡ
һȻܹ赲ģתۼ㽫һ˳ȥ
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У֮λճͰܿƻվڰܿѦֹ˵ϡ
һתһ򶨵˽ȥŲӯӯһݣūҲμϣݼүͷˡ
ֻһۣ㽫ƿ۾ϵĲһڡʵѾˣȻոļǲĺá
ճһۣѦ˵ĸŮʮһ꣡
ЦȻū˵ʲô𣿡
˵ƻҰѱ˲ʲô𣿣ճʵ
ɫһ䣬̰֣үūôܻô治Ļأ
ǣΪʲôѦȴһҧ˵ģճһŭ
һ˵Ѧֵߣ޺֣ҸԹԶ޳ΪʲôҪ㺦Ұ
ѦһӣͶʮֵԹȻһԵķ˳ˣЩӦŶԣź˺С㱾ҫȴҪм䣬ҵ˷˺С㡣ĵؿҪԻϣ
˵⻰Ҫ֤ݵģ㵹˵˵һ仰ˣҲ·磬ڵѾǿ޵ǽһ滨ꡣ
ѦֿװģӾҲ޵Ʊ磬һֱĸȻ˵˵ġǣ˺Сжѣūɶǿġϣ˵˵һҵСһӲͷȴǳʲôɽ亣ζƵϧմСģССڵĳͷūҵĶҪˣոþġ
⻰ҲǴżеģȻЩǳҲġ
⻰ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ѧ˵Ļ٣ոҲ̫һЩ
үϣѦѪˣǿĸŮɫôճһЩӲͷԳģ̴
һֱûİܿ˿ҲٳĬΪѦֵĽӼãոҶĸŮ˿ȴ˶ֱ֡ÿնҪһЩʳĸŮˣŲڳЩʣȲˣ
˵ûƻҲԴǵǲţȻԵҺĸ׵ķв鿴ǽķ˹ƻڷǻûü
ŰﻹҪƱ磬ճһ˵˻棡
￴ճЩǲȻû˱ôʲô˼
үڻҲ𣿡ֻ̽ķʵ
⸾ˣճݺݵһӣҼȻָеȻҪĸŮ˿ѵ֪𣿣
һϲ̽ӻūҲ飬ūҲ븮ЩūΪѷ˺ʹС㣡
 

ʮ 

ƺѾԼ˵Ļѻġ
ڵϣ𣬡Ѧ˵ûūûйܺˣ˵ūҿ˷СҲӦġүͻ𷣣ūûаԹԡ
ƻһۿţҲ֪⵹ô׵ģܵúóԲǡ
ѦҲаޣƻʵ̫װģһϣƹոҲһˣˣոһˡңԺеѾ߿ɶǰѡģȻһЩū𣿣
һ٣޵̴һ۾ֱճϣΧ
ңūþְУһ㶼˽⣬Է˺Сһ֪Ѧ˵ʱұĵֻ²ܺúźλδйһ㵡˼ɾ˵껰֮ﾹԷ˺СūҲ֪ΪʲôػӦɡ
ȻǻдవʾˣЦѦȷʵߵˣٳһӣ˹Ҳ֪ƽй֪·ȻĻ˰˳ɡ
ϣţĸŮϿѦֵɶǰɵ·ȫȻǱ˴ģո˼ң´ģѵ𣿣
һɨĵȻ
ճҲƳһۣҲŭʵ̫հǰ˺󣬲ѸΣҲӦҲѱ
ƻȴ˵Щ˼˳Լϵ·ż˵ʵⲻ´ˣ˵ոڼֱײŻ£ͷҲûʲôѾȴպϴպϡ
⻰˵꣬ҲѹסǵЦ޻ǵһ˵޽ո˶޳Уմ˿ǻ˵Ϸϲһƥѵģ
ճֻϻģǱǶ⣬ʱҲŭˣ󸾣ȻҶڻǰдʵĽƱ磬ǲ֪ܣ
ʲôʱô׹һʱ˿ޣҧŴίĿ
㻹˵ʲôҵģճŭ
ﳹ̱ڵϣֻصĿһ仰Ҳ˵ˣôҲ㲻ȥˣ˵࣬첻ճԼˡ鵽ô˭ͽҲ䵽ʵ
ճǳͿŻᷢô飡ˡﰡ
ЦҪǲˡʱҶԼֵʱܶռһͼıȣҪռңô׾ͷŹ
մӹܲãԺҲܲáȥմôܰĵǰ޴¡ĪΪ޽̫ࣿ˵
ճпһΪЧ΢ĸ֣ô˵ࡣ΢ԺһŮϼӹ̣ܽԺԺ֮Ҳ֮֮
ĻҲδÿɷֻ˵ļ£ޱöԡǵбոҸӦμոȻһ˵ȥҪЦġ
ڵϵİȻ̧ͷ
ճȻʲô˵ǣȻѾˣȻҪ˲ǡ
һ⻰ϿʳһĳͷҲͰˣȻҪȨոĸҪʲô
УѿڶӦ֮εԼļУǿЦ˵Ÿոջոһ鶼ϤǵʱҲǽͷöϼȻҪүǰܹרģôܽأ
ճһƣ˵๵ģ
ֱӱһƸˣþòŷӦֿʼʹūһ˵ˣү㾹Ȼң
⸱ģֻʮֲȸ˲һѵǴ֮ãճҲһǳŮϡ
ճֻʮֵѿҪάɿڻϵǰҲʵȫˣ
ס죡ճһĺһڰϡ
ﱻסˣٴĿޣֻСšôģ
ϣ΢ΪĻҲмֵʮһ꣬ԸеҲͷ磬ʱ仹Ϸ˲һЩոúһڽΣճֹʵ
һЦ˵մļ£׸ȻմԼ
ճ΢΢ҧҪôô𣿵ֻܰЩʽ˵ţǣˡ
 

ʮ 

գһ߳춼
һȴҡҡλεšǰ˱·һۿȥ֪˷Ǹ
ŵȴֻ谲ŵһԼѾ춼а֮ң
ˣѾһ·ǰһСǻϢɣ翰˵
迴˿糾͵ˣֿһԼѾƣٶȣãǽɡ
侲ԳֵˣδΪʲô¶ʲô˲ùʮֵĲܾԼһͻԵ鷢
֪춼жôļѶҪߣȻҲʲôˣ
С֮һҿջϢˡ
޷ߣֻ·˷
ǱߵΣſһ䡣
֪ܳվı󣬹شһжո׸ûʲôֻոе̽˵չշƺĲãȥһ֡ǹѾΣˡ
ͷ֪ѾµϢˡϢݵѸ٣Ҳһ顣֪ǱѾʲôˡֶƻ鲻ȫյĸо̫ˡ
أˣһ仰֪
л˵Ƴһۡ
ǡͷ˵ǼչദӦչǰ
΢΢üһǹһ˻ոģҲȷʵոĲȷʵӦһܱԼ
߰ɣ̾ϢһԾ˷ǷĲ£ջЩ·ɣ
ռУеҲʱһ䡣
˵ճҪ̸˶뿪ˡ
ܶ˰ոƿأƻѾʮˡΪʲôάĸŮɻˡ
뿪ʱ˵ƽհҵĹؼ쿴ȴĸŮάͳõļֵ
ҲܸоȺܾĿľͻᱩ¶
˶ȫ֮Ѿ˻²֮ճһ˵ûϼЦˣѾʱˣڳŰɡ
ڰ֣һڲôĽˣҲŪЩġҲʲôˣٷȻҪԵġ
ͻȻ㣬ǻصûеǻʱճһʱЩӦ
ιϵУȻӵĴչ֫˵Ҳûɵ˵˰ɡ֪㣬ϾǸɴµˣôЩ֮С䱾һķǣҲûа˽̺ãҲϵ
ʥճ仰˵Щʲô
ֻЦЦ˵ҹȷʵ֮ǰҲˣǼ˵˵°ɡ
ճҲ֮ǰֻ˵һĻͷ뽲
Ҳ֪иĶӡ˶٣Ůֻ鳤˼ꡣ
ճȻ֪˵˭ǻ᪡ֻǲ֪ͻȻʲô
ף˵Ůҵʮ͵ġϻҲТģмͲԸʮѵáǶȻҲЩĻ֪ûпܳɸ׼ҡ
ĻճһЩˣǴһʲôǴûȻôһĿģ
㲻ͬ⣿ɫĪ⣬ЦҲϡ
ճŷӦңֱռҵҡֻŮδǣçײء䲻ϴݣ
ЦֻůЦ˵ͲҪǫˣŮݱǶ˿ոĵŮǰϵŮ񶼻ҳһŮ𣿶͵ǿԵȵģοʹЩҲǡ
ճȻӦô˵һ֡
֪ʲô˼ճֻܼϣڴˡ
һӣЦȻɸĸҳҲһֱҸͻأ
ôһ仰ճҲˣֻõͷáǻӲŮֱϽȻҫ΢ô᲻Ӧء
Цĸӿãã㣬ǿɾ˵ˣ
ϣһ¡ճϽ˵
£
ճһΪѵŮ꼶ʵ̫СһЩǾȶ£ȵ֮¹𣿡
ʲôж׵أ㲻˵ˣšʮֲ
 

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һֱճŽͳո
ӦүӵʬͣڻӣҪô
ôճһɨǰºĺŭ´˵ȴ治֮£ѵҪҽ𣿣
˱ŵɪɪͷҳ
ùܼȥҸط˱ǣռأճŭ˵Ժȥ
ʱҲڷƢϲߴˤһأŭôҲʧǲǣôҵԷҳӣûʰ
ѾǱŵһһ㶵ģ̿ʼɨ䡣
أִһ
һѾ̻ոµĲ豭һ衣ӹȥֱӵϣҰ
Ѿһֱӹ
һȺûõĶһ趼ᵹô굽ʲôãּ
̶᷿òðͷϴɴ߽ʵѾ߲˱ǣʲôĸô
ԼıŮһ䣬޵ҿŮΪﲻáΪﲻס㣬ƹոȨ˸ˣ
̱޵ķżĻʵô£
ϵ⼸ղԺתһЩСҼ磬˿񡣳Ѿ˭ҲȻҲ֪춼ʲô
ҭҭİѽ˵һ顣
һҲǴһȻɱˣ
ĸŮϵɷǡǣԴճˣĶҲˣڶѾֵĸŮˣﱯ
̻ûдлعҲûע⵽˵ʲô
ĸŮôôడٴһѱס
ճһͿصǽ壬ʹ顣
Ȼճ˽Ͻſ̣æĲϵۡڿ϶ˣ
ճһ۶ûиߵһߵ˵̣ȳȥ¸˵
İɱ𣿣ȴһ˵ϣ֤
ճûʲôĺ庢ӣһѽק˭˵ġ
ǣ˵ġǵ㲻˵Ժҵ׸𣿣ôɱˣ̲סЩĺ
ȻԣǱϾͻСﻹ㵥Ͳ֪֮乴ĶǵЩ顣ֻ֪ϲĸ磬ǳ˵õˣôܽܵôԼ
ճݺݵĵ˰һۣĵ˵ܸӣֻҪ֪ȲѲŶ䶯ֵġȳȥЩʱٸϸ͡
㶵ĵ˵ͷ˳ȥ
ߺճֱӳһӣΪʲôҪЩ
ֻǸ淢ʲôѵⶼд𣿣һζճ˵үʲô鶼֪ڻϵǰȴƸңûϺǶĸŮôң
ճ޿̣־͸һơ
㣬ִңЪ˹Ĵ𣬡ôĸոŮȻΪôһС´ң
ճؿڿٵţȻòᣬʲôҶ֪֪ǴĶ·𣿣˶飬Լ治𣿣˵ɻϺ㣡ڻϵǰңҾ䶼Ϊ㱣ȫ棬ά㣡أȻҵӲڽŵ£˵Ұʲô鶼Ƹ㣡
ô꣬ôҾֻոȻҪǸά𣿣ִ
ҲȨ֮ưˣһߣô֪ƹոǲǼˣճҲֻŮ˼ֱֻʲô鶼˵׹
㶣̷ӦճĿģֻѵһһ㡣
ճǿŭӣϽ˲ϵᣬڰȥǣҴˡˣֻҪǼȨҺ̶ȻҪ֮صİүĲǹӵģ
ճԲƽϣǽĲ˼㣬˶˳ۣο˴µˡ
㵱𣿣ҺʱҪȨ󲻻ǰϷˣճһΪƵոȨͰȫˣҸ㣡ƻϾҪ֦ͷˣԺǼҲùĽһ
ʲôĳԾ֮ǰճĺö٣ôܣôƻǸ
ճҲһҪըӣһκˣ˺ݺݵĲڽ£ôܿ˾ôɻڴˣֿʼӡ
 

ʮ 

ƻŰܿص˷䡣
ܿ˶ЩģƺЩӦ
û°ɣʲô£͸ҰƻļͷһǵĿ
ܿͷ컹δȴȵƻͷû£ֻľͺ¡û뵽Լ޵ôһѪˡ䡭΢΢ʣǰҲΪȴ
Ļƻ֪ôʱȻϲ˵ճķֵġ
΢΢̾ϢԼʱǰ鲻ҲԼˡ
⻰ȻӦ˵һ˵һ䣬ȻѾôˣǾ°ɡֵôԴƻ۵ȴʮİ
ܿͷȴӿˣѾˡ⹫궼ˣ
˵Ѿ棬ƻֻվ˰ܿҪѾǰοֻϣԼůɡ
ﻹûаճã뿪ˡ
ߺϿãûκα飬ֻﲻͣӿź⡣
ԭûаĸŮûܰԼƵð׼ҵԴ
׼һ֧ҪӵģҼûлᡣѾͰȡϵһֱڰ
ĸŮѾ˷ɵĵزˣ˭֪Ǵӻ᲻һͱΪʱ˵ռҲֲ˺ôΪոΪԼҪĸŮ
ܲ˻ǲǲռҶҲܲ·֮ʲôˣ
ҹ׼֧ϵˣ׼˳ҹɫǱķڡ
к£һƾճ˰ߡ
ȴûһľȵĺ£ȻѾˡ
ҪɱƻĸŮ˵
һˣǿǰϵĵŮ
￴ѾǻˣصȻռҡгһϰ׼ҵλȻҪռҡеǸŮѾռұɳˣǽ컹Ҳɱչ̵ĵӣҪȢǸСϱгһմ̫֮λǶŶĸŮһҪʰľҡξռң
΢΢һ㶣˻棡
ϻոүףȵ
¶üëҲѾһţô˵ռѾ͵ŮĿɳ𣡡
Ѿðʧȥģô춼Ƿϻ֪񶼻ܰ𣿣ʱүȥץĸŮȴʧ֣ǻصͶ׼ңȴүˡ棬Ѿص춼ռҳ׷Ŀˣ
ĻѾ߷֣ǼȻеˣɱˣͲήռң
ֻ֪֪үֲ֪ǵʱһ㣬ٰе鶼˵Ǹϣ˵൳ɵġ˶ѾˣŲɣ˵
˳һᣬŵͷҵ·Ȼɱ֮죡
ǹһĨݵЦ³֮һүǰǣڳֲǵ
۾ҲǺݶǾͶл׷ˣ
һ׷˽еʮռңеĺô
飬ﵽûиճڶһϳѾһò鷿ˡ
ճ俴һۣʲô
˿ûбŵ߹ȥĽ磬鷿ʪүֺαôίԼأǲȥūԺﻹô˯ﲻá
ճһʵԴǴ¥ŮӺӳǽ֮˰ѾȥˡѾôЩŮˣֻģȴֳ顣
￴ҲûľܾԼﻹʮֵģ⸮ȥģץסճġҲûԼĿġ
үɣЩūġ
ճ֮ڵʢһŵǰ˵ĶûгԷ㲻֪ūжܣǽū԰ʱı࣬Ⱥȵůůθ
ǰ͸˿ʮֵʳճȷʵѾˣҲûоܾһڡϸִʮ㣬θůҲԻˡ
һ۰ڱҲôˣ
ǸΣûҹ飬ūҲ֪ʵ̫ˡʵһ£ûкү˾
⻰ճһˤӣѡһˤϣ㻹ʲô
 

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ճˣȴûʮֽţֻ۵Ҫϵøɾȴˡ
ֻס֣˵үȱżôūʵڲ߶ү˾ʵүûжĹϵ
˵ʲô£û˵ճŭ
ֻ˵ҹ׼ЩϵˣҪռҵ˼ұΪҪЮȥɱƻĸŮ
⻰ճһüͷЩЩں֮ڣܳʲô£
Ѿûжˣֽ˵ȷʵɲʲô򣬵ǶԴƻĸŮѾ㹻ˡǼб£һŮӣǺܿܽ
ǴñϷأճʵ
΢΢һЦ¾ͷոУĲɾɲү𣿣ֻҪһǾͶƸʱϹֻҪûаѱܰô
ճϲЩЦ⣬εͦȫ
ｿһЦȴǺ⣬ūⲻҲǳһǵһǣǶĸԺһǵĵոĵˣȻҪŻƿصʱԽԽáңү˵ҪϷ˻ȻҲҪոʰĸɸɾĲź˼ġ
һ仰Ÿճ⣬ãô
ɾ˼Цֶ˹ʢһ࣬ճҲָһϺȣһЦۡ
ӣ뿪ʱ򣬱ѦֵϢعСʱճһʾҲǰƻһЩǣܿΪˡ
֮ƻĲˣճͰҲܵ˽ѵȻٵĸŮѦֱϾҲǹˣܳոУعˡ
Ҫ뿪ѦǷǳĵġȻ˵ôԼʮָжĻЩϾΥĵģƻĽ֮һ
Ҫ˵һҲûУҲܡƻȻգԼʵοշ˴һֱͿôһŮҲЩͬ顣
ϵʱϲϲʰ˶ƻĸŮС
Ѧֽܿӭ˹ȥֹˣɡ
Ѧְ˰֣ˣˡϾҪعˣܵʱ
ܿҲûǿЦҪлл֣ҺƻôܶԸǸƻİѦôǰӣΪ
ôһͨ䣬ѦҲЩ˼Ͻ˵Ҳʵʵ˵
ƻһ߿ţҲ˵죬ȴȷʵĺܺãҲҪ˵һлл
ѦָϽЦЦϴżֺá
ܿһЩΣӻͳһݸѦ,Ҳ֪ƻҰ顣ĶԲסЩǮĸŮҲòˣǻ㡣
ϰܿƻʰ·ʱ򣬴·ġƻʮֵĲ⣬΢΢һȥܿӡ
ѦֵȻ̽ӹԼ˿ƻǰ˰֣˻ŰɣԺʹӵĵطأ
ܿһƻһƣﻰڹǲףôҪǮأ
˵գʵѦֻСһ㣬ǹĽ֣ˡСŮ̫࣬󵽸ǺܸӵģƽСТʹǮ治˵λع϶һõĲ£ʱˮǸֻ಻٣Ҳһġ
Ҫǣշò˶þҪռңֶĸŮôӣԺȻǰ;ڳ飬ʱҲ档
İǮ˻ȥЩǮ͵ϸҽǵģԷ˺СƷһ᲻黹ӵģ
ܿﱾͲԣô˵Ҳûڼֻ֣ǸӳϿҵлŪѦָӲ˼
ǰŸҪߵʱƻȴְסˣ֡
ѦȴֱһʲôעҪƴǾܿ˵ȷʵúú֣ҲʵĵǸ
һѦ־ûƴɣֻҪͬƻһ˳
֮ƻЦЦĿһѦֹ֣Ȼǻ˵ġ
С˵ЦˡѦֳ˳ǣЦĺǿ
ƻһۣ㲻ؽţûҪʲôֻǻְһæ
ҶҪعˣܰСʲôѦֳЦˡ
ΪҪعˣܰҵæƻȴЦĲãȻĽύôæأ
 

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ôʹα˵ôࡣƻɫջϵάҲˡȴ֪ΪʲôȴΪҪôάĸŮʮֵĲܹдһҵһϢ
⻰Ѧȴ΢΢һԭûʲôѵãֻҪҴ̽˵
ƻͷȴ˵ȻѲ֡λعضܹȹϲˡԺҲܽӴĸλˣʲôõģ˼鶼ܸһš
˵ллѦЪЦС⵽ҪʲôССô˼˰ٵ˶ЩëȻ
ֲҪʲô£㲻ؽšƻȴʮֲΪ⣬۽ʲôһ˵ĴС£ͺ͹ϢϢصģҪռңȻҪеһֵ鱨
ѦѾ֪˵Щʲôˣֻ΢΢˵ͷҴӦˡ
ƻЦŵ˵ͷȴҲô򣬡־ǽ˹ҼˣܻỹټĶԲԡ
ôһëѾͷвѦȴûһƢֻ̱֤ҼȻѾӦˣ;Բᷴڡ㻹ôϢ˳ĵϰɣ
ƻȻ֪˵ʲôǾͲֲˡ־ͺúӦ£һҪźá
ѾԺŴѦЦ˵С㼪ԣ
˵㻽ԶԶѾߣ˱뿪ˡ
ƻһֱ뿪ȴѦֵϣһֱߵǸѾߡ
ԺѾ߻ˣ˵Щ˵ƺճҲ֪ϴǵı˵Ȼ˽׵Ƕճûжĵģһǵ̬ʲô
̶̵֮һ˾ȻѾľڣһ˷糾Ͳϻ϶һҳ
ҲЩƣۣ˾úڿջһȴ룬ȴ¡
ȻһƬ٣߾ȴʱɧңΪľΪѾʼʩȫһ˰գ˵ĵλҲȻͬ
ļ˰ߣûƹԭݵλƷ۸Ҳ첻ˣͻȻ˲ټƷ۸轵ռ߾ܱ߳г̴ܴѹ
ԽԽ˳ۣҲԽԽˡټ˫ƺȶìܳױ
ʼǳе̣ҲױԳ͵ļ۸ʼƷ˴˵ĿƲ
˵һǧ˰ٵĲԣҲʧأʲʧһսݱڵĿֻźͱ
ôˣʼóף˶Ź¼
ڵջһıҷˡ
¥һʼûʮֵע⣬ֱ˲ҽкͺǲų¥ȥѾʮּˡȺ񣬾Ȼʼ޲Ĺͺӡ
̳嵽˶ǿЩס˵һֱ飬֪龹ѾأҲһ·ֻŸ·Χûʮֵ˽⡣
صҲִֻ֮֮ߵ飬ȥ񶼵飬ٴεˡ
ʱĻҲӭ˵һɱ֡
мıºܲԺӻһЩʱƻѾ
ٵһ˫۾ںҹˡһͷճЩݬ룬Ͳոˡ
ף˱Ѿӽǵķ䡣
ôˣܿѣʵ
ƻһѰסţ˵ű˳ȥһѻذףòͨŪġ
ȥ֮װϣ˫ûжϻ̾ʹ
Ȼݬ룬ȴڶ࣬ƻܴҲ˫ȭѵ֣ǿסˡ
Ƭ֮󣬱߿ݵĴš
ƻһҪȥȴһʮ˸סòװѾȥѾ԰ܿˡ
ܿѾˣվһߵļϣһİѴӵЩɱֵϣҲԵֹǡ
ƻŭɶֱӳ˹ȥҪٽ⼸ɱ֣ʮֵĹԾ̶㿪ˡֻȴûɱκһ
ԼȴΪܲˣ˺ۡ
ɱǿЧֶ˽ΧסڷȴԸܿ
ƻôǵıóѣ̽ܿԼ˵˽ԷǶ֡
 

ʮ 

ƻϾֻһʮһĺӣʹúܿ쵫ôڵסһˡ
ʹѾˣ˽˽ǻɱܶİֱֱܿһ
ܿʹƻٴκۡȻռߵıˣƫҪơ
ֻһذֱӳɱǵɨȥһֱӻɱֵȡһֱӵ˵ϣȥ34˵Ĳӿһ˽
ɱֱĶһˣƻȴǰһӭȥһӹƮαԭһڣȻֱӳ˹
ûмôɱһʱûзӦһûзӦѾϡ
ƻӵչ磬ӵƮһɱֵǵǰ棬Ժֵ˺棬ִܵǵͷϣ˷ʤ
ûöãɱǱѾ˺ۣһ鲻̱볷ˣûҪѵϵʬߡ
ƻǿٵߣҲûмǰȥ׷ĸ׵˻ҪʵҲѾƣˡ
ٽϵİܿˮ˿ڡ
ϵ˿صģɼƤҲѾ˺ȣܿѾ۵ɫɷ亹ֱ
ƻһҲľʹͺһҪš
ܿ˵ͷˮȥ˲伴ʹҧŴҲһҽ
Ľƻһ˫ѾĲӣͣµҲģߣٵһĨǿ˿ڡ
ϵ˿ڣһʪ͸ƻվƿ˰ܿ첲ϵ˿ڣҺֻǻһƤ⣬ϵľʹܿѾоһ˿ڵʹûеƻ꣬Ѿƣ˯˹ȥ
ƻһѪˮЩˮܿ˲ϵĺҲû·ֻøһԺıӡ
ԼҲ˲ݲݵЩҩһɾһѹ˿ڣܿ͵һû˴
ո˯ŵƻûֱܿˣһĶͷѾһƬ̣ƻָϽˮּһӡ
æһϣܿջûȥ
ƻͽѾǸϽȥ
ѾȻ֪ϷʲôһǵҲͱΪ˰Ϊ˳׵ѾߣûΪƻȥҴ
ƻȴסֱȥңҪͨκˣ
ݾµѾ߿˿Сǲ̫ˣ
ǡƻЦһø״Ѿˣڲֹ⴦㣬ֱȥճǰ淢ǣǼΪոǱɱˣҪİɣ
㻹вǣѾ㲻ҪΪǺǵģˣԹ˲Ͼ̸
ƻѾذףԿ
Ѿ߿˿ɱȻʮֵĲʵҲ֪ԼĶֻ֣һֻһΣ²Ϊ
ƻذףΪΪ˵ģٷϻڿȥ
⻰ѾȻʮֵĲˬǻת뿪ˡ
ʱ˽λǳС
һˣݣŰ˽Ǻм汾µӣϵıȴʮָˣƻġ
ƻȻף컹ôǲԸģѾһռѹŲ鲻Ըĵˡ
Ϊúøֻܿ˵͹ôһˣʵΪ³ҵĸѾ˰ˣʵȥ⣬ŸϽȥ
Ļеɫ΢һ£β˱ҽߵı֣С㲻ضˣҿ˰ɡ
ƻϽ䣬Ϸӿ崲ϵˣ߹ȥѰܿĸ첲¶һùа
֪Ҵ󻧶⽲бҲûж⣬ָڰܿϣϸһ̽ɫҲַʵָ֮ɿ֡
̧ͷƻǲܹˣ
ƻ̵˵ͷ˵ǣĸȷʵܹˣҽι
üͷһ£Ȼѵõĺҩȴûȫ˸ôصˣټһֱᣬ뷢ʵա
Ȼƻ׼⻰ﻹǷţϽʵʲô취ʲôҩҶأУȥһճңϾѵãֻոҲѾûˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷ鲻ܲôҩˣҿһķܰȵã©ҲܺõĿһЩ
 

ʮ ҪҪ

йȻˢӣƻȻβ˵ĳ̶ȣҲͨҩһеķӱ֪԰ܿĲ֢Ȼʮֵĸл
ĸмһģ꣬ոķ˾Ȼ䵽ֵزҲǶµˣΪʲôõո˻ֻͷתת㱻׵Ժ
ҩ֮ǰǳһЩҩЧǿһҩôȥʵΣա˵ŴӻͳһҩƿݸԼҩ裬ҩЧӦ㹻ˡ
ƻϽ˹л
ҽĵ˵ͷ˿ƻһ۱㿴Ҳ˲ˣŮͯнжТģмͣСϵ˻Ǻúôһ£СҲ˵Ĵǰûźˡ
æǰæĶŮͯѾȻվһߵǴδʹɼ⸮ڵԺǱӶ
лУСŮˡƻϿҵĵͷһֱ͵Ժ⣬ŻоһҩѰĲҩ٣ҩǶࡣ
еĻҲǿάʮҩĸײôʮҩҲܹ
΢һ£һߵѾɫҲһ£ܰѹҪл㡣
Ѿֻǿһûʲô顣
ƻҲû⣬˵Щ飬ҸסΣǲܻĳӦճҵĳҲսԣ绥ﻥճ
Ѿۿ㲻Ҳһթ֮ͽΪʲôҪ㣿
΢΢һЦƻϾǿթ֮ͽǣȷʵʲôˣҲ֪˲Ҳˣ¾㲻ҲԲᱳ壡ҪǾŲҲǿ㡣
ƻֱֱĿż⣬ЩҲҲӦѾһӵˣĸŮˣΪ˺ǵ˻ܻ𣿣Ҫ˵˰ˣղȥѾ˰Ķɣ
㣡ѾŭԭѾƺˣ
ֻڵҿڲںլѾߣܸʲôƻĿǼһСѾͷ򲻹ȥɱճ˵밾ϼ꣬ϵ߲ڶ֣
Ѿһⲻģ
ƻ΢΢üȻǲģȥҰǶˡ
㣡Ѿᡣ
ּӣ񻪷ȣڻǸʲôôĸŮıӻҸ빬ϵ鱨Ǹ࣬ʵǾ͸˵ˡҪȥճĴǾ͵û˵
Ѿиӵգȴ˵ÿһ仰ûдÿһ仰ڴڿϡǾһСëѾͷȴʮֵĲģοôεʹǡ
ĬãĻһῼǡ
ƻһ㶼⣬ҩݸͱץҩ߿ǰɡ
ѾȻţȥץҩȥˡ
ȻеǮֻץʮǮƻӹҩҲû˵ʲô̾ȥҩˡ
ܿѾ˱ȽĻԣûкҩƻһһιȻָĲӣȥ
һҩмΣΪˡ
֮ǰѾҩͷ¶ѾǷǳˣƻҩ룬ֿʼŵĸܿҩԼһĺ
ϴϴиԼҩЩʵڹĵطҲʵûа취ֻҩڱϣ˵ĵطһЩҩЩģЩ½ҽģЩʥҩֹٶȺܿ죬˿ϵҲͦģӦⲻ
Ŵϰ˯İܿ෢ͷ˴˰ܿߡӦȱӸãҪϢȻһɱ֣Ҳ⡣ҲûʱһЩˣϢһʡĵʱذ׶òȡ
û˯ȥˣȴ˯ĺᣬһۿߵİܿ
Ȼϣҹʮһɱ֣ƻȻϢ˺ܾãΪİܿҲûϢá
뿪ĸ׳ȥӦսֻվ˴ǰôԲ˵ĸף
Щɱ书ϳˣȴӶ.
ƻʮֵļУɱǻûг嵽ǰͻȻɴʷɱǱֱӳ嵽棬߶ʱһƬģ
һţƻץסᣬ͵س˹ȥΪ׵ĸһĽˡ
ʣµҲѾɴʣɱƻϬҲʮֵѸ٣ߵذ׸۾һֻǵҪ֡
 

ʮһ 

ڶֱƻ˹һ²Ȼ˰ܿԵԼΪʲô˯ϣ̳嵽˴ǰ̫ˣȻ˯ʱ
ϵİܿ˶ƻһһץס֣ȴһƬ
ƻдϲȥ̽ҲѾҲǷǳƽȵġ
ɹ˽ץŰ֣ܿʵôˣ
ƻϴžΥЦ˷ܵ㿴ĸǲͦˡ
ԣ˹ȥҲס˰ܿһ֮̽¹ȻѾҧ࣬ѹѾͷôˡ
ȴûУϸǸಹѪҩôȴͻȻ˴룬ĸҲõ߰˰ˡ
üͷ㣬ƻϵЦҲʧˣ־ŵôĸ׻ǲ𣿡
֣΢ҡҡͷǣ˵Ѿˡ
Ϊüչƻ׷ʵ
֯һԹв˵ȻѾˣȴܹŹ֡ҸõĲһЩѪҩǽȴ˴룬ҸҲˡʵ벻ͨ
ƻһҲüͷǲǣ⼸һֱιĸҩЧ
ҡҡͷҩôЧ
һӰһƻȷʵһӰΪԼλǴҲѹģѵ
Ǿֻ˭أ˭ĸŮɵĳոأ
˼⣬ֻ᲻ˡôܣ֪ոٴ̣ӦֱȥճʦŶԣôֻǰаĸŮأ
Ҳھ£ֻ˵ӦþҪˣ̫ˡ
ҲʵûбĽֻͣõ˵ͷЦ˺鸣졣
ƻЦЦ˵ҹ鷳ˣУĸ׵Ȼˡ
а˰֣ҽߵְˣ˵ҲԼҵطϢˣС㲻⡣
ôһ˵ƻЩ˼ˡ
˵һнһЩעһҩ֮ƻѾ뿪ˡ
Ժƻ˴ߣŴϵİܿǸӰѵǰ׼ˣ
ԽÿԽ󣬰׼ӦöڵҲ֪һЩǲŰæȴаĸӡ
ǣȻΪʲôû֣ûаЩɱ֣һֱĸѾΣǲų֡
׼ԴǴ¶Ҳûгֹ⼸ûһ̽ǲҲЩ̫ˡ
Ҳûо̫ã˭ӦúúøлˡǸϽһɾ·һЩ࣬ѷʰɾԼЩιܿһЩ
ְЩ컻·ϴϴЩѾˡ
˲ͷϵĺͷЩ裬ԴԺľǰѾˡ
ҩ֮ܿԼһߵϣϢϢƻһӲҪξԲκ˵ĸף
ҹĻܿͽˣƻ²һ»أԴɱ֣һֱȵҹɱֻû
ƻЩ֣ѵΪԼͻȻǣǼɵˡ˵Ѿ϶ĸױˣûбҪ
ǲΣûɱǰҲһƿʿһĸףֵһߵˣһ˯˹ȥ
˯ȥûжãҹĺ˱㷭ԺǽϢǵķ
ֱ߹ۣ֪һ춼ʲôҲ֪Ѿ˿Ҫһˣѵһֱ
Ȼͣ裬Ÿոյ񶼣װˣɾƻǸзɽոһ·ȻͿĳ
һѪˡܿѾ˲ΣҪɥ
Ǻ£컹Ǿģֵİʾ˹ˡȻһ롣
ߵ齱ߣƻСϵȴȻ۾һץס֣Ϭ˭
΢΢һȴ־Ȼƻôһ֪ҹôİȵڴϡ
֪Ӧùܰ˯һҲáȻֵǲδݣ˵
ʵĿˣƻѾϳΪϾǵҹµӡΪžøӵľȣǻ춼ôͻȻ
Ծģ֪ϳԼˣ΢΢һЦϳ˾ͺãɲǾҪϳԼ²ɵӲ£
 

ʮ 

һʱЩ΢ƻʹһµãҲûһ˿ڡ
ƻƿߣ΢ȵĸףʲôĿģ
ѵǲԼ֪ݣղΪʲôҪ˵Ҳûαװʲô˼
Ļȴ΢΢üĿģĿĺܶడӢ۾˹飬ֺδĸֻǲ֪һ
άԼ˾ӵ˵ûʲôĿġǲôõĻᣬֻһ
˵һƻĲ֪Ϊʲôﷴһʵʲô
˵°ͣ˵ڻûãԺ˵
ƻͷУҪúõлл㡣
˵ЦЦͻȻǰ˿ս
ƻһһ£㣬𣡡
˵Ҫúллҵ𣿡跴ʮֵ޹
۾ƻֻûĲڣǱȴŵϵѪ̾ȵˣ
΢΢һ㶣еЦ漴󣬡ڵˣ
֪²ƻƳһۣûд
ӣõЦģûˣǱ˵Ѫ
ƻ조ʧԼɱǣԭǱסˡ
֪ǵݣܾǲռˡѿڶ˵
ȻȻҪȡ裬˫۸Ŀգ۶᲻գ΢΢ҡͷҲ֪书·ʵ̫ˡ
ƻ֪⻰˼Щ书ʵڲһȺ㷴˺Ѳµǵ
عŷԼѸ֮䣬һ˲˲ĿԼ˫Ҫˣһƿĸ첲վ֮Ҫлл㡣
ллҿ԰֪Ҫʲôġˣ
ЦˣƻһۣЩ΢յ
ЩΣһ㶼뿪ЦȷʵҲˣЦðɡһǸ˰ɡ
㻹ҪˣƻЩȡ
ǱʵЩɻЦЦʵǸʲôģ
ƻ¶ΣȷʵЩС֮ĶȾ֮ˡΪֻҪȡġ
ͨ뷨ٿһȵӣ̲סЦֱƻҪ߳ŭ˲ŸϽֹЦǿɫģҲֹϹԺÿ϶ҸĻֻҪͷҾͻ󡣡
ƻ⻰˿ûʶԼѾͷˡ
˫ʢЦ⣬ʮᣬ·վãһֱ΢ЦĵԼͷ
Լ뷨һƤƻϽҡҡͷʮֲڵ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ֻЦţûж˵ʲôߣܿȻԼ˫Ƶı󣬿ʼڴ
һĻƻ˵˾ȻġҲ̫ˣܿҪõô죬ȻҪۺ˴еġȻΪһʲôҩ
ķҲ̫ˣȻԸΪֵܿز
һʱܿ϶ֻǰܿɫԽԽ󣬵ɫȴԽԽףϵĺҲԽԽࡣ
ƻģЩżҪס֣ĸ׵˺Ҳһ͵ģѭ򽥽òҪôֲҳԼŵ
ֹãվŰܿͻȻһΣۼҪˤ
ƻϽ˹ȥס㻹ðɣ
ֻҡҡͷûгѾ˵ûˣҲѹƻϡƻ̧ͷܿЦ⣬ȻЩ۵ԶԶ֧ŲסĵزֱֻߵĸҪײҪ
ƻᣬƻҪѹˣϽϷͻȻһһϡ
ƻֱˤĻ΢΢һ㶸ϽҪվԼѹ
ȴͻȻһѹѹԼϣͳƣˣͷѵۣȴһϢϢ
ƻ̧ͷһۣյ۾ͲҰ׵ֻòٶˣֻ΢һ岻ԼĹؽ
о˵ĶֻԼĶҪˡˣ˼ʵ˭ϸ壬ı˭ᡣֻҪ˭һĺãͻǧ򱶵Ļƴۡ
뵽˻еˣ΢΢̾ãԼûдϸ嶼ԼģҲһҸ֡
ƻޱȵİģֻǱ۾ϢƬȴֱ˯˹ȥ
 

ʮ 

ƻ˯Ժȴ۾ͷſ˿ͷ̧ͷ
ǣǰһԼ˽䱸ôô˯ԼĻ⸱ģôܷŵÿ
ַŵļϣٴα۾ڵҹע⵽ڵͻȻǣȻһֱ۵ĳɹȴ̫ͻȻˣܼʹԽ˷ǳ
ƻֻûůģǵһȪ̲ס˲ĺߺ
۾ȴЦΪԼ˹һһڡ
Щˣ̧ͷͷҲûʲôģһҲֱӵ˯˹ȥ
һ˯˯ˡ
ƻһѹֻûůģûе泩ɣʶĲ˲۾
һȫסˣȻĻ˯ˣϽŵվ˿ߵɫ춼Ѿˣô߰
ʵѾˣаѻ˿ɰСͱ鶼Ŷ˶Ӽװոѹ
Լؿڣ΢΢üͷ˯ǲǴˣؿںʹ
ô˵ƻӵľȣһССΣϾԼѹӵġ
ӣֿˣѵܿôɰӡ泩һתͷҶˡ
ƻЩûзӦ
Ȼ춼ˣҲû취ȥˡҸһҹͷķϣܲҶŶӰɡ
ƻ̷ӦȭͷҪȥ֪˯һϣ
ѽ˵©ˣȴûһ㾪ŵӣЦĸӻ졣
ЦһᣬֻѾ˵С㣬ˣ
ƻü۾⣬ЩѾôʱ䲻ˣôͻȻ緹ˣ
ҲסЦ鷳Ҷ
ˣǶ书ͷˡƻ˵꣬ɣ
ոȻ̽ӣ׻ûзŵƻߵľǲô˽ģôǻ书Ѿߡ
Ѿߴ˽۾࿴һߵ裬һµĴ絹΢΢Щȡ
ʲô£ƻʵ
Ѿ߸˸ū澽ݼС㡣
⻹һμѾôԱԼ֡ƻѾµĿģֻϻ˵㵽ʲô£
ûش𣬶Լ˵Ƕɡ
һ䣬߽ˣлʳУʳķ˰ϡ
⸱ΪƻЦҵǵһμո¸ĸŮķ˳ʲôӡ
⻰ҲּΣЦū澵ʧְԺ˺Сķһ׼ʱ͹
ƻЦһˣ˵ɣ
˿ɫҲʼЩ˵֪Сϴ˵Ŀɻ
ʲô£ƻһ䡣
̧ͷһֻۣ˵ϴС˵ҪǺ顣
鰡ƻһӣˣѾҪˡ
ɫһţһ߲ɽһۣϽ˵ոһֶûУѵҪ˰𣿡
ҵ͹ƻָ衣
΢΢һЦеĺȥ˴룬ϵĳ弸Ѿü˿һĿ˵ӡ
⼸ôɱ֣ƻĸ׸ˣЩȷʵһʼ˹֮⣬ҲûԮ֡
ʵǾҪһᣬȵƻ;İ·֮ǵĺã֮ĹϵһֺʹǡΪǺƻıǸûκηĻᡣ
ŭһǶˣʱӦҲˣɻղȴû뵽߾Ȼһˡ
ȥ̽ѾĸоǾԲĶ֣ǿߵϢûпѾǾη塣
СѵͲһҪ˵ո˽⣬Ų˭ûܱȵǣĵƣңֵôãռҵЩӴ԰˽ܶİ׮
ƻȴһôȤӣֻкһߵԷ㲻Ƕ𣿿ȥ԰ɣķɲҲֻнһˡ
ָϽ˵С벻ҪǵҲϣһ׵ȥˡ
ƻվСȴʮֵǿϬɨΣűЩüֵЩֵֵҪȥǸǣԼ̫ҪˣЩ̽ӣ
 

ʮ շ

ƻǰԼѾߣʵΪһЩ޹ؽҪ˷Ѹ顣ǲҲȫ޽ٵĽǡ
ǰͬʱֻһӵĵŮпмĵѾߣɽǱĿߵһţȻҲ⼸ˣ֪֪ܱұһŲ֪ĺá
ңƻ˵Ȼ˵ʲô䣬ȴ˵һȻ˵ǺûҪūǡС֮ĶҾ֮ӿɺޣ
ļ仰˵Ľƿԣ֪ԼûаҺʱǸù衣
ѾҲͬ޴룬ȫ֪ηӦ
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ʮ 뿪

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ϸңȻˣ˵ӦһŰӣûΪϴεĽѵԽԽҵļơ
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̼һһˤڵϲͣţ޺ţ㣬ƭˣģģͻȻվ˳ȥ
 

ʮ 

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תͷŽԺʱҪţ˾ţ
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ƻͷͻȻһ飬˵¸˵
㻹ǵѦ𣿡֮ƻҲûзϻֱʵ
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ˡڰ֣˵ˣôûˣôʲô
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ƻüͷȻ˵ģǾֵкܶĹĵطһʲô鱻Եˣʲôأ
ҲûʲôͷֻգʵЩ춼Щʲô飿
ĻֱӣҲֱֱĿԼͻȻúѹ
 

ʮ ̽

費ǲԼ񶼵Ļȴ֪ôӺ˵𣬸Ը˵ѣֻú˵ڵǱߵ飬һֱѡ
ƻû˵ֻǿƺܿһС
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мֲ²͸˼軹ʵĻش춼ЩͬⰦȶҸʵĲոպãΪĸ˰ͬ˺ܶѹܳҲǽ¸˰ߵĽڡ
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ѦֲŲᵱ棬˵ɾͱ˵ЦҵСڣ֪֪ҪǱ˷ˣ˵ԴҪң
 

ʮ Ұ

ƻֻѦ̫СֵһЩֻתһԣԼһˮ㲻ôţⲻûб𣡡
ѦָϽ߹ߣе˵СʲôϽԸ˵˾͸Ͻ߰ɣҪȲˡ
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һᣬѦֲŵ˵ͷСֻΪȻܰС
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Ϊ˲ŰܿϢƻֱӴȥ˶᷿
ȻѾûˣʲôʱᵽסɨĺܸɾ̲סʵԺ϶ǱܿҲðɡ
֪ô˵ƻ˵ĸ׻ҪչˣЩ˵ѡ
ûϢƻһˮϢȥˡ
óѦõĲҶһ裬Լһƻ˵Ļʲô뷨
ʲôʲô뷨װɵͷһڲ裬Ǻò衣
ƻ⣬ֱ˵Ļֺαװӡ㸸ޱȵĳ㣬ȴƫ̫ӣ㰵иﵱ𣿡
ʹܳ׵ƻȴԼûж⡣ʼռǵҹĹǽڣΪԼģһܻɵġ
ôʣȤĿΣΣ
֪֪ʣƻҲ⣬˵ǸģȻǸѣ̫ӵǻҪôһɢүҪôǵǻɱӺļģȻͰǸӹ̫Լȡ֮ƫĵĸʺúÿ˭λã
ƻҰĵǲСɴº͵Ц⣬˵ЩԼһϵûС
ƻҲЦȻûʲôҰĵģҳֻһҰĵˡ
Ƿ˺ôǿѹסԼ뱧ڻĳ嶯СѾͷְֱֺޡϥͷúõĸһԼеЩ뷨ʱδֻѹ⡣
ƻǲѾȷҾǸҰĵˣʹжл鲻Խ¶˳硣
 

ʮ Ϸ

ƻŪŲ豭ĲҶûעеĳ硣
ĻûҰģҲ͵ҽ⻰û˵̧ͷǣĻУԸ㡣
Ҳֱ۾Ϊʲôѡң
Ϊʲôƻ͸ǰŲɣ΢΢㱵ϣѾ޷κˣҪһˣԸ㡣
軹ûжиӵѾͷȥҲһϵλ֮ұֻһ֮
Ŀ֮ʲôеİ֮˵ʵǳĲˬİѵԼ𣿣
ƻĵط
˵ͷȴָճһʡƻôСͣ˼ȴôأǸճ
˵ͷƻ㵱֮ѾЭҲһɡӴԺҲǺĹϵˣٲٻ̽ˡ
˲豭Ц˵ԲƣףǺ졣
Ҳ豭һ£ȴû˵ʲôһ㶼Ͽ˵ַֻƻߡ
ȻѾ˵ˣƻ˵Ѧֵ飬Ѧִãȴܳã׶Ѿ㹻ˣ鱨ѾĲ𡣡
˶˵ڹȻҲвã˽ӴѦ֣Ϣ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷߵˣȷʵһЩϲ㣬Ѧֿá
ƻ˵ոϷˣϾͻˡҵĹ۲˽⣬ոλ̫ʮֵľηճҲʮֵľأһĪΡһɣϷ˾Բ򵥣ҺпոһȨ
ⷬ΢΢üж󣿡ո˽ȷʵޣǰʱƻѾոȨˣеľҲֻ˵
ƻȻаٷ֮ٵİգΪǰ̫ͨո̫˵ĻҲʱ
ȴֻ˵ҪϷ˻Ҳȷ
ͷոȻҪ㣬ʲôѾ˵
ҲĻġƻЦЦ
ֺһ裬뿪ˣƻҲصϢˡ
գƻͰܿ˵ͻȻ˽
ʲô£ƻʵ
Ϸ˻ˡƻ֪һܸȤ
Ȼ⻰ƻ΢΢üô졣
˵ȵʱȥɽȥˡˣصˡ
ƻֻǵͷȻŰܿ廹ûãԼȥݼϷˡ
ܿȴЩǣϷûУȥ
ƻĻǲңȴݼҲӦõġ
ǺáܿҲ֪⻰ûд˵ͷȻŽСװ׻·ҳΪϷ˾ϲСɾˬӡ
ãƻȴҪһҪǼɫģŻƻһ
·Ҳ̫Щɣֻȴܿ΢΢һüͷ
ƻȴֻЦЦģ
ô˵ܿҲûж˵ʲô
ƻ·۵ģֱܿЦãĵƻˡ
ƻֻЦЦױ̨ǰŽɻᷢ٣
ͷСҪһʲô٣
Ǹְ̾ɡ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҪֺòײɵӣ𣿡ƻžе˵
ȻΪʲôǻǵ˵ͷһԵӡ
ƻϵ֬ˮۣͿһ㱡ķۣȻͿЩ֬ͿȴЩˣð׷ڵһ£ױ濴ģһʲôӡ
ܿһ߿ֱüҲû˵Щʲô
ȵͷƻǾЩ̫ˣִӷק˼ͷؽ
žеԼĵ˵ͷ˵иĸףȥǰ
ǡӦҲЩǡ
һ·ǰδ߽ǰﴫһЦЦľǸˡ
ǰƻҲûżȥֻѾͨһ
Ѿ߽ȥûжãߵĻЦֹ̾ͣˣֹһѾ߲߳ǽȥ
ƻһԼ·Ȼ˽ȥ
ϷλϣԱճͰǸ̾ϥ˵Ż
һʼϷ˲û⣬ֻĿһۣȴһͣסˣüëɲ塣
ݼϷˡƻǰİ˰ݣҲûҿż־нͲȻ
 

ʮһ 

һݵСѾͷϴŻȴ·Щ޴뵫ȴ󷽣Ҳ塣
Ϸ̲סϸ˿ûʲôΣֻͷһɵΡȻǿѾĥûߵ£Ŭȹ־ɵЬӡ
ôһͷǿߵͷüͷԽԽ
ۿһ۰Ҳûж˵ʲôֻ䵭ضˣ̧ͷҿ
ƻ̧ͷĸ岻ʣݼϷˣϷĪҪ
һһ˵µķۣϷüͷһ¡ӻǲģҲԿüƤϸ壬ɫǺܺãҪͿЩ֬־Ϳ̫ˣĨһ׷ۡ
޷ĸŮɻϰߡϷ˿ʵ
ƻЦ˼֣ĸ׶ܺãлϷ˴ʡ
йĺϷ˿һ۰֪һĸŮпѾͷǲûеһ״
һȻƻƵģֲôȻקקԼ·
Ϸ˿ȴһ·ӦѾͷõóֵһ·ˣһ·ڵԼֵĲҲڵһŮʵ
뵽ֶһ䣬Ҳˣô·
һ⻰̿һƻɫһ䵫̵˱飬ҲЦ԰Ǹ·͹ȥ𣿡ֵһĽôС㴩ô
Ϸ˵ûôס
ƻٵĿһ۰Ѿͷװûװ㣬ûлġ
⻰ð΢΢üѾͷʲôʱôԼ˵ˣ
ϷȴƻϿ˼ǿͿɬֵĿһ۰תͷߵѾͷ˵ȥһ磬һôСţ˱
ƻһܳģлϷˡ
Ϸ˵˵ͷɣһ˵˵
ƻӦһ˰ס
һ˵ɫ˱䣬ճǰ۵ֱˤ˹ȥЦղСȫ˰ոɣȻǹֵ̳ġֻôҲûаݼүء
ƻ·ǲſճһ㣬ɫһ׿ٵվֲС˲豭ֱ̺һƬɫӰˣȴֻʹҧҧ´Ȼֲؽһ㶼ûţϽճһ񣬡ݼղŮûעҪ
ճǲ죬Ѿͷôһ£ȻôĸԼ񣿻Լһ
һֱûӦƻһֱŸĶҲûжǿɼҲһˡ
˺һᣬճǷӦһһ֣û£ɡ
ƻӦһȻ˻ȥɫһƬҰס
ϷһжҲ΢΢Щ̾ϢѾͷǻöôС˶ҿһĻһŮӣһŮ硣
ͿƻǸʵӲ˳ˣĸ׵׸ӵߣСȻôܵΪʲôݼ͸λأ
⻰Ҫ˵ˣϷҲüͷ
ƻһŵģһ֮ǰд˼Ȼǲ˵ˣ
һֱ׳˵ʲôˣ͸λﲻҲǳ
Ͻ̣˵ˣ
ʲô˵ģ̿һ۰һ˵ƾʲôף㲻һС
ô˵ƻҲûаõ˼ֻǣСûдǲˣոĵŮչأλ밲ǣ
㣡תͷϷˣ̣㿴Ȼ˵밲ʵ̫Ŀˣɱ磡
Ϸ⻰ҲһݣһѰƿҪѵ⣬ȴƻȳԣǾ֮ôһСѾͷܽģο䵨죬ȻҪɱϣø׼ʱֹʴû׷ոôҳǷΪ磡Ϸ˸ҪϷںεأ
ϷҲһĿ̡
̷ӦҲʶԼ˵Щжأ̶Ϸ˵̣ǵģҲ˼ֻ˵̫ˣ
Ϸ˸ûдۿճʱԽԽˣ
һϷô˵ճվĸϢŭ
ϷЦһд»ұһܵģ޲檲檵ģôܣ㲻Ѿռҵļҹ棬ѵԺȥˣǲѾܹոһЦˣ
 

ʮ 

ϷȻͰҲǵ˵ѵճ
ճҲû뵽ôϾոѾܶˡĿƻһۣһп϶Ѿͷڸôᷢ飡
ƻȻоˣɵͷҴżֵƺϷͻȻŵˡ
ϷϢŭ֪ոѾӣĸ׻ճϽ˵
ϷһȻתһ̣ҲЩʱ̵Ҫմߣúõĺӱ̵ĵ֣ȻҺԼĵս硣
һ⻰˲ɷףͷҷһ䡣ճɫҲĺܲЩϾ͸ӵľˣֻ֮ޱ֮ЩΣ
ЩȴܲϷ˴̣㲻ҵΪʲôֻѵңҲд
ϷֿһۣѾʮֵĲͣȥ
ϸӵѿ첽ǰҪ̱ճһĿһ۰һߵѾߡ
ſңūſңѾߵﲻͣţѾ߼סֻüؿϵ
̵ļӴˣſңŪˣҪɱūſң
ѾΪѣճ֪Ǻá
ճϷǰҲķ޿̵ָһƣұ죡ľԼĹʵ̫ˡ
ֱӱճһƴˣԱߵİﶼһס˴
ȻңԼŵĿճ
ճŭ㿴ʲôӣϷ˵Ǹ
;Լһίֻ̣øӵķŭǸΪʲôҪǸʲôϷ˸ͲǷǺڰףͲһ˴ҵ˲ŸոպãѵЩ㶼ƽ𣿣
źҲ
ӣճҲǲۣϾôõŮָֿͨӡҲ֮ǰ˵ģиۡ
תϷ˵Ϸˣ̻СϷ˲Ҫ𷣡ԺҶϼӹ̣ܽԲн顣
Ϸ۾ûֻ̧Ҫ̵ܹܽסǾáȻǴճһӡ
Ȼ̸ͿѾճάɾճͲΪѵƻ
̲סеңƾʲôңҵղųԲѷײ׵ҲΪʲôǲ
̣ѾҪˣѵ㲻ʲôѵ
ƻһۣ˼Լȷʵ£
ȴͲ飬ֶԼĸ׺ѵҲҴ𣿣
ճǶµŮʧˣοԼϷǰôǺӲ£ѵתͷһ۰ֻöûаѺӽ̺áϷ˵ûдȷʵӦö໨ЩʱܽһЦ̣Ů˴߿϶Ҫˡ
ﱻıֵ˼ôԣôǸЩʲôֻܵͷ˵һ仰
ȥҪ𣿣ϷֿɫŭǿϷҲ˰ɣ
ĸٴţһ˵ĸɾ
ճҲΥֱӶѾ˵˴ȥ
ûûǲŲе
Ѿճصģƽ˭ۣ֮ǰһūѾеͷѻѾͷֶԼִִӵĲͷֱ۶սסϴĹؽڡ
̳ʹȻеĸӴǿڿҪɱѾߡ
Ѿȴһ޹Ŀճȡ
ճ˻֣ߣ
Ѿụ̋ˡ
￴űϳȥŮһѾ͸ˡǷôĹźòովסţŵϷ˻һúñ֣ظеϷ˲Ͳˡֻƽʱ̫ˣ
ճֿ˿˵ϷˣһᣬͨȥϷˣүҹܽ޷Ž̳ôһŮүǶԲϷЩĽ̵ǣδոʱ򲻹һССŮûʲôܽӵı£Ϸ֪ˡԺ⻹ڻǸүϷ˵ĸǰУҾרĵźүϷˣҲһԽˡ
ڵϿ޵ĸγϣѵϷ˻ð̽ܿΪϾոĵĸһпûո
 

ʮ һ

ճŰӣѵõûϷȻúỵ̵́⸱ʲô
޵ģүūһ󡣡
㻹ʲô󣿡ճʵ
΢΢һתүūסϷ˵ԺȥΪϷ˴ɨãд𾭡
⻰ճɫ΢һ£ǺαأĸױͲֽƽϵˣҲûҪ˼
Ϸ˿滨۽Ǻӣ۽Ǵ⣬˵ĶԣûбҪЩοԺеѾѾˣһ
һ仰ֱӰѵݹΪѾߡ
⻰Ǻ޼ȴǿţūʵڹⲻȥο˴Ȼ⣬Ϸ˴ȣȴΪ֮
ճô֣ҲϷ˵ϷˣȻĻڹϷ˾͸һѡ
Ϸֿճһۣɫдżֵʧȴ˵Ȼô˵Ǿȥɡֻ࣬ʱ㲻Ҫ۲ǡ
ճȻҡͷֶ԰˵ȻһģҪúõźϷˡ
ҲӦ£վֿһԱվǾһƻЩġԼŮܷҪȥźϷˣƾʲôܰȵվһж뵽ֿʼĨ
ճǲͣŭ컹ʲôҪ󶼴Ӧˣ㻹ʲô
үϷˡʵ̲ס˵ΪĸȴҪԼĹ룬ʵѹοǺϵ˲Ÿպã˵ҪúõıúõĻлݵĿܡҿ̲ͣҪǻòô찡
ƻһˣǻŹԼ˼εĿֻϷĸŮո״Ҳʾһжôͨȴû뵽һϷ
ϷѾ֮ǰ˵һϵˣҲûƳʲôˣΰᣬʵôܵˣôҲûƳģ
޵ĸˣȴûдĨƻĸŮȻҲ˵̵ĲǣСִСġ˵С˿ڱһ˿ڻҪȬһЩոõҩ̵ҩźõô졣ϻһЩۼҪСĵһ²С
ŶϷ˿ƻҲż⣬£
ƻϽ˵ĸȷʵŮĲԡֻŮʱˣʵǡ
һƻϣճĿȻһµģֱӴƻĻϷˣȻѾͷ֪ˣȴһݶģǰֹȴﻹ˳ǸӡŻϵάζ˶ӲҰôԶӳԲѷ
ƻЦȴӵĻ֣̿пİ˵ģĸ˵
ѵݵѾͷϷǰȻô׾࣬ȻҲŹᣬ׵˵Ҳոһū澣ȴʵʵڵոС㰡ѵΪͲ˿𣿣
Ѿͷǿڿ˵֮Ҫֺ֮úõĶһ죡
ϷѾĻðɣٿƻиǼϧȫɢûˣŭ㻹ʲô˵һģѵϷɣ
ôһѵ⣬ƻ񶶵ĸˣӵĿһճίЩŭ죬ȴס˴ʮּѵסҪ˵Ļֻǵǣ˵ûдҵĹҲá
ô˵ôɴ࣬Ϸ΢΢һüͷٿֹӣȻǲΥ׵ӡǶǵĻ˻ɡ
𣿣ʵ
ƻĻճͰҲ㶣û뵽ȻɴĳˡʶľãҪˣʲô
ϷʣﻹǲϷˣôƭأο˵ȫ¶֪дϷһʡ
ϷĿһۣû㣡ֿƻ㣬ʵǲģ
ƻ̧ͷһֿһճ¶ֵģ˵Ǹ˵
Ϸķ֣㿴㸸ʲôʵʵ㲻˵㵱Ҳ鲻𣿡
ƻһȣһæ˵ĸϢŭĸҪΪŮˣ׼ȻѾô˵ˣʵ˰ɡѾ϶ǲТŮô硣ĸҪˡ
 

ʮ ʵ

Ϸ˿ƻ֪˵˵ִҲӼһб顣
ȻҪʱƹոȻҪŪУɱƭ뵽ӵۿһճ㸸˵ǰ㣬֪ʲô𣿲㣬ĸ׶Ҫܷ
һԼĸҲҪܷƻ˵鲻ĸ׵£ҵĴ屾ͲãĸҪ
ôһӣճͰﶼüͷһ۶ûдԷС²áǱ̨ʡ
ĸ׾ߣĸףǾͿʵ鶼ңȻھ˰ĸ˵˵鵽ôһ¡
ƻһΪѵӣ̲סĸ
˵Ϸһɽӣ
ƻһճΪһĴͷ˵˵˶ٲ˵գõǲ䣬ҸҡȴͻȻ˱Ҫңĸҵĸױͱ״ˣϻˣһôܳܵסұˣҪѵǸ׺ͰͻȻάļˣҲӵ
˵̧ͷһճƺ飬ί
֮һĽ֣ȻҲסĸ׵˿ڡҸǺ޼ˣ˸׵áһϷˣʧˣûпסôˡĸҲӦġֻĸ岻ö޹ġԻĸҪ
ĻճͰͬʱɫǶû뵽ƻǣ˸顣û뵽Ȼôʵʵ˵ζԼϡ
Ϸ겢û˵ʲôǿһվŵճ˵˵ĿʵΪʲô㲻ĸ˵飿Ϊĸױˣ
ճ˵Ϸ˲ҪĻſں˵Һĸף
˵ֻſں˵ղΪʲôҪٰΣϷŭ浱ϺͿ𣿵ҷֲ滰Ǽٻ뿪ʱ䵽׷ʲôǵһû𣿡
˵ϷˣճһۣǰҿԲܡҲ˿ոЦ㲻ҪЩոƽôģ쳯һֱûлոΪ˭ĸŮʮһꡣȫΪո˺òǧĻˣһԲʱȴ͸ĸŮġôոѵһҲں𣿡
ճ˵ƿԣȷʵܳ£ܴһ־Ϊ춼ո˾衣
һߵİͷ۾ȴһֱ⣬̫ѵҪվѾͷǱ
Ϸ˿ճͷôҶûܹҲûдܡֻҪǹ˼һ̫ŵӣҪΪĸŮ
⻰ʵ̫ˣճϽ˵ĸףʲôأѾĸŮƽˣҲճˣȷʵЩûĵطĸ֮ˡ
Ϸ˷һͨƺЩƣˣӱϣ˱۾һľ͹ˡȻԼߵ˵һԸҿһЩӣ͵´ȥĸŮ·ﶬĶԣҲЬӡ
ƻһ˵̲ţǱ־״ѿЩ϶ҲʵʵĴճͰ
лĸϽͷ˵
Ϸ˿ѾһĺǿģЦЦ͵ĸǵġ
ƻͷû˵һܳӣмֵ⣬ĲֵǮ
ʹһЩ֮Ϸ˾Ͱ뿪ˣȻǸճл˵
һţƻСǺñ£ȻϷ˶ˣת
ƻһ׵ӣ˵ʲôҪƭϷ˵ĲʱҲˣﻹǿ׼׼ᵽϷɣ
˵仰ʹŽ뿪ˣֻ°ﻹԭš
صӣһݰܿ㺰ƻ𣿡
ƻߵ䣬ҡ
ôȥôãǲϷҲΪˣܿϽǰѯʵ
ƻҡҡͷҪ˵߽˵Ϸ˷֣ˡ
ɡƻ˵
֣һ߽ݾŵһŨصҩζɼȴѾˡ·СѾߵֲҪ֣²˴ܳ
ָ֣Ͻ֣ﻰзҵĵ
ѾѾ߽䣬֣һ۾ͿڰڴϵİֻܿɫŲеĲ԰ףüۼ䶼Ц⣬ڲҲ˿ķ绪һһˡ
ݼ˺ʹС㡣
 

ʮ ̽

ֿ֣ˣò˰ܿЦ
ֿ֣ҲмЦǰһת۾ʮһˣ˻ֻǸŵءʶԼ˵ʲôЦ̵˼֣Ͻת˻⣬ô˻͵һأһ㶼ϡ
𣿡ܿҲûǰһ仰ֻ΢΢ԼЦһΪԼһأ
ôأ˻أ֣Ц
ֺ˼䣬ܿ˵֣ôˣϷʲôԸ𣿡
ʲôԸϷūһЩֿ֣һߵƻһۣЦиСĶ
֣ˡƻĸɻأ
֣ϵЦһ٣˵ʱϷү˵ŻǻҪɡ
ƻӦһЩ£ȷʵҡʵڲӦøĸôġ
ô˵أСѾˣϷһСĿĵġ֣˵
ƻ˵ͷȴûһɣһʮǵӡ
ֱ֣Ҳûٶ˵ʲôϷĵӽĸŮҪ뿪
ƻȴְסˣݳӣˣȻ൫ҲĸŮ⣬ֲҪ
ֽ֣ӹл˺С͡
ƻһֱ͵ſڣ߳Ӳֻ䡣
Ǹղ˵ôһ£һȥܿʵ
ƻѽǰ﷢һУԭԭĸ˰ܿȻЦ˵ǰĸŮʵ̫סˣճʧ
ܿҲ˵ͷãϷһˣԺӺôܹһЩˡ
ƻͷ˵ĶԣԺһԽԽõġ
Ǳֻ֣ȥ֮ճѾ뿪ˣֻϷһڴ֮ϣһڳ
Ϸˡ֣񣬵һ
ϷŻعҪȲȴֲѾˣַŵϣˣĸŮô
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Сǲǻ˵鶼ģһھεӡֵ֣˵ţ˳ߵʱСġ
Ϸ˿ӹ˹ǺãŰɡЦȻʵЩҲһɵӡ
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֣˵СҲ֪ˣȻ³çһЩȴмֵĳ֮ģҲаǣҲԺǲġ
Ϸ˵˵ͷֻǲ֪ǲոǰĶǣûһ⣬ǲŵġȴصôãЩǡ
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ڶϣƻʰ׵ȥϷ밲
ʱĸոպã糯ճûлӰ˵Ҳո뿪ȥʱ򣬳Աһ˲赹ˮٰڵİϷﵹǺ顣
ƻ΢ͷȴϷ˷Ĳÿһţǰļ䵱û̫𣬶Щʮֵļ顣ϷԺĵطӦþǷ˰ɣԷк
Ůĸ밲ƻȫ
Ϸ˿һۣΪô͹ˡ
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ƻһһԵİ֪ǹ˼ڳ˵Щйϵ
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Ϸ˵ӵ䵭ŶΪʲôôã
ƻϻһ䵭ģȴżֵίԴӻ֮󣬸˴û̽ǣǳ˸ʱҲû¶棬ҶǶ䵭ģѵǲϲ𣿡
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ʵ㸸ǣǿԹ𣿡
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˵ЩϷȻףЩȴһССŮͯ˵ȴе˾ˡ
ЩԼģϷЦʵ
ƻ⻰ʵģվ̻̲ŮˣϷ𷣡
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˵Щˣ㻹ûң﾿ô⣿ϷָֻһЩЦʵ
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˵̧ͷһϷˣƺЩÿڡ
˵޷Ϸ˿Ĺǣ˵
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ˡ˻֣ȻԸԼ취°ɡ
ճҪ˵ȴϷһ˻ֻˡҪƻ뷨ӵǿҺˣû뵽ѾͷȻôֵϷ˵ĻġôƭȥǵոǾҪˣ
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ܿԱЦӵΣһı顣
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Ͷ״ȴ˵ҲոҲûܴϢˣôҪأǾֻòǰˣˡ
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̾Űܿ棬ôһԼԼֵ̫ԡһ˵ദѾͷ͸Įᡣ
˵ƻΪͬԼ˵˵ˣõļֵܸòʱҲĻӻСΪϣҪƻҵļƻ
 

ڰʮ ð

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ǾֻܵѦˡƻ΢΢üͷ˵
˵Ѧ֣õʲôϢ˰ɣ
߻ţǱ߽˵С㣬ˡ
ƻüͷչļʱ
סıӣĿı飬ƻĻɡ
ӽнӹţƻһ飬ȴֻһЩ黹ҪҲǴΪϢ֮ûʲôмֵĶˡ
ƻɫͻȻ˱䣬վôˣ˵ȥʵҿ
ƻûбܻ䣬ֱӰﱡһֽݸ輸۱㿴ˣҲһĺܽҲûʲôϢ
ôôأƻӵĲϣвӡ
ȲҪżһץ飬Բǵıóѡ
Ҳֻˣƻ˵ͷȻ̧ͷŽ˵ԺһˣµʱСһ㣬±ߵҲǡб̫ˣɡ
ǡȴûȥʵСʲôҪȥ𣿡
ƻ룬ʱɡ
˳ȥ
ɲɣת⣬Ϸ˶̬ô
ƻҲʱŵһߣ˵̬ȻǹҪסĸŮ뷨һЩҪȡȫλЩѶȡ
ͷҲ࣬Ҳᰵеϲã׿ոȨġ
Ϸ˵ϲõȻû˱ƻȻҲ˵ֻǾĻˡ
 

ڰʮһ Ͷ

ƶĶԻмֵķƣƻ֮Щ⡣
СƻҶˡЩ˵
ƻ˿ߵɫȻ֪Ѿӽˣתͷ˵ʱǲˣ߰ɣȥʱСĵ㡣
ƻôһٷҳԡЩίĿ
ƻһͲһףﲻһЩֲ赭ôдĻӣĻӻȥһЩõİɡ
һܾģƻϴβ͸˵˲ܰģȥʱһ˷ô죿
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪڷƻʵ
˵ֱ׳ҲΪѾȵƬҸעⲻʱ䡣
ƻ΢΢һ촩һ£ĵüӵᣬ˿ͦΡϵίʱˣǱ³Ļȴһһů硣
ջԼߣֹסЩ߰뷨ԾˣԴĸ׶ǰᣬοǺĹϵֻһνױĸӡ
ʹѾʮ񣬵ҲܶŮ˵С˼ֻǿеĸӣȴֻҪҪԼľᡣ
˵ƻҰ˵Ŀɶġ
ƻְһۣһᣬȥĸ˵һԼԷҲѾ߶Щ˻
ͷãƻȥɡ
Ǹӣƻƺһë׵β͡Ͻ˻ԴȻ˳ȥ
ٻѾں˷ˣ߶ЩˣһҲδ
㲻Ƕ𣿹⿴ܳԱƻߵһߣϴϴ֡
迴һЦһԡ
ƻֵĶһ٣˿ֲɾߡ
ϽѿӵݸԷɡ
Ｑӣƻӹ̲ס˵Ƕ
ܶҲûжֻܶΪܶӣΪ´˳Է׼
һۣƻһڲˣŽͻȻŵζԡۿҪѿӷŽִĿӡ
һ㶣⡣
ƻѾȥ鿴ĲˣȻеĶﶼϡȻų⣬Ҳ֪;ʲôҩ
ճɭɱ⡣
ƻҲȷǸӣ嶯
⸱ӷ޷侲Ǿô޶ԡ
ƻҲûע⵽ı仯ѽ˽
˭ȥ˵ķˣ
ôʣҲ̷ӦǷ⣬˵ǽȥ˵ģ¹Ӳϲˣѷ˰ϵġ̾
ƻ˵ͷûöãһСѾ߽ˣСѾ߱ȽҪ㼸֣ӵͷ̧
£СֻǽʻһС˵
˿ٵ̧ͷһƻдž¡
ƻ΢΢üͷûҹЩ˵鷳ӦԼǣϴ˵һ
һɪһ£
ӣϽ˵С㣬ȻϴˣûԹ޹С㣬εûйϵ
ôȷƻʵ
ָϽ˵ǳϦദֲܲصסˣĶСʲôһܲڴСߵġ
ƻӵĿһᣬֿ壬㣬ɺ𣿡
嶼ЩܲˣʶҪ߶㡣
ż˵С㻰أϽ˵˵ְקǰ档
嶼Ҫ޳ˣͣŤͷŽ󣬴㡣
˵ȴû˿Ķݣʮֵ鲻ܳ壬С㲻Ҳǲǣ鷳ˣ
忴ţֻսս˵ûûУǵôĻСԺǵӣôԹأ˵浹Ҳ˳һ㣬Ϊ̽ӣԸҲѵıܡ
ƻڴһܶʱ򣬾ûк޹ң
ô˵Ĭˣһᣬ΢΢̧ͷƻһۣ˵ǸʱȻԹСģǸʱСҲӡʱֻҪɱ㡣Ǻ˵СԭǣǱҾѾСˡ
Ȼû˵ƻ˵ⷬʵԡֻЩȣЩѾ뷨ǳϵĵ
˵иӵĽţϽ˵˵ˣС
ƻһۣ¶˼ЦݣЩǲǱ̫ˣ
 

ڰʮ Ȼ

էĻЩףһ׹Ͻ˵Сˡūûй̺ܽǡ
ƻ΢΢ҡҡͷ⵹޷ֻݣֻеġ
ϽͷǣҲ̵ĸо̫ˡ
һԵĽ忴ѵ˵ūû£С㲻Ҫ㣬Ҫͷū澰ɡ
ȷŵһߣ㼸⣬Ҫʵش𡣡ƻһԵĲ裬һڡ
վֱӣһʱش𡣡
ƻ̲סЦһ£ʵȥ÷ˣ˭ģ
ҵĹùãԺķʳģҲװõиū澵ġæһ䣬ΪСͷ˴ԸʲôʽǲſƽСͷ˵ϲǵЩʽ
ƻͷֵùƽΣ
˵£Ҳм⣬ùƽҲûһɫԴϷ˻ˣˡÿιȥҪǴС¡̧ͷƻһۣ˵Ȼؿƿ򷢼ˡ
ùҲıֵĲ¶ɿùûҪԼڡ
ƻ΢˼ʵԺӵ·ϣ˶𣿡
ūȻҲ֪Сķʳ˽ӴȻûеġ˵
ĻƻüͷȻڶûдѵڳǣɳĲֻгˣиԺѾС˹ǲҪһˡ
һԿ㲻õģոлһЩߵģһǲס
ƻȴͬ⣬Ҫ飬ͱǫ̃飬ô󲻿ܲϷ˺ճʱ򷴶֦
ȻҲı֪˭һеһǱͲ鲻ףƻڸΣյľء
˸о鼬ֵʱ򣬽ͻȻڵūʱ򣬵һˡ
˭ƻʵ
һԵĽҲתͷоɲ
ǶС㡣˵
̣ƻһü
Խ˵㻹齻
ŷӦϽ˵ߵ԰ʱײѾҶ˵һӲˡū澵һߵĲݴæһҡūǲҾֶֻܾУŵһߣȥӡɸҲûҵҲûֱһˡ
ǺͿһŭһ˵ϣū˼ǲܣС𷣡
ˣҲһϽŹȻ׹ʲô飬ǻ˵ū澵ʱϸвûжļ󰡡
ת͸һƣŭȻҪС㣬ô㿴ߣ
Ľ嵱бӿᣬҲ׹̸·ϵҪƻķﶯֵġ
־̷ڵϣʵū澺ͿӦȸС˵ģӦЩ˵Сǰ
ƻδ˵ǰѵ֪ͺãС£мģ
ӣƻ΢΢ҡҡͷȻ֪Ҫ壬ߵȷʵѾ˼֡
ˣҲˡ˹ԼҲ˵ˣȻĺңô˿ȻҲû뵽
Ȼƻ͸⻰滹ǴһŻڵʹĽ壬Ҫʶʶն뷨ӵǿˡ
лС㲻ǼƽϡָϽ˵
ƻ˻֣ʾ΢΢䣬θǺҶһѣӹ˱Լ̶Ѩ֮Сһξˣǻ´һǣ
ѾŽվ̧ͷ̵ֻͷӦ
ƻֿһĨĽ壬бҪһ¡Ͼ֮ʲô⣬ҲԼΣء
ҲҪ㣬ôΪ˱㡣
ӣ̧ͷƻһۣĸ˸ӣлС㣬ףǴ㲻ūһƣСһĸء
ƻ̲סһЦ㵹ǻûдҡжӡֺ˼֣˵ҺĸֻнһȷʵЩ̫ˣԺ͸һźɡ
忴Щȴεһ£ллС㣡
ллС㣡ŸϽ˵ūһúźСͷˣС
ƻֱⷬЦˣˣԺȲ˵㻹ǿȥЩԵСҵĶӰɣ
õЦݣ˶㶣迴Žı鶼һˡ
ǽӦѸ٣˽һѣϵķ˿ʰˣȻ˳ȥ
 

ڰʮ ҵ

߳ȥƻϵЦҲ˼֣ЩµýĸθڲãֻںԺСЩ࣬ʲô¡ҷǻ̲ɣ
˵棬ϵЦѾȫɱ⡣
мźһЦݣЦݾȻΪԼ
ûĶƻ̧ͷͿмʧӣ̲סʵôû£ź
͵ǰ˴գƻһһ𣿡
ΪʲôƻЦԹ
ƻֻĪַʲô񾭡
ǰ˴գֱָϣڳһȣոҲЦһЦ
ָȣŴĿʮгƻЩסûзӦ
ĳĬҲסˣƻߵָϸָ޷Ŵ̲סĴЩѵһڿˮһƻ
һƻӦ˹һƿ裬ۡͣ
͸ӾˣŴδйĽţһ΢ƽһ飬תͷһƻͻȻЩЦ
ƻ߾ʮֵıŤͻȻЦЦתͷЦʲôЦʲôЦģ
΢΢ҡҡͷϵЦݱҪĿֻû뵽ҾȻҲôһ졣
˵ʲôأƻЩȻƿĿ⡣
Цδȴӵ棬һľʧ룬ǰ
⻰ƻȻҧס´仰ʵĶȴʶĿܡ
רעĿȻûдκεı飬Ȼʧ䣬ܱԼ룬ҲѾ˲١
֮˱˳õĳĬһֱ˷֮ҲһֱǳĬ
̲סʵȻѾ֪Ṇ̀ô
ƻЦһϷһϣοҲû֤ݿ϶ܰôЩ˾һĻţ
мƽϣҲͲٶԣֻСġ
ƻ˵ͷһۣЩȻ˵ȥĸס
Ҳ˵ͷҲ뿪ˡ
ȴûжڵŶԷ뿪ֱ˴˵뷨֮ȴһվһֻۣøӵΡ
ƻ֪ĸ֮ĺһָȻס˸Ҫ뿪ĸ첲
赹м־ȣתͷϴЦ⣬ôˣ
Цݣƻȴӵ䵭ĻǲЩʲô᣿
迴ı飬֪ȥ˵Ļģûлش⣬˵һҪˣǸɡ
ƻȴĮֿٵ˵ҺĻ֮ĹϵֻǵĺϵĻ֮ǰİҲȫر㣬㲻ҪöԸŮ˵ķڶԸңַҳ׵㡣
Щ輸޷ԼĶ䣬תͷеһδ˼⣬оˣ
ƻΪ飬ôĻӲҪĻҾôĿҲҪֻǸȡˡ
ȡ裿ǳ裬⻰ҲˣЦ㵱֮Ĺϵֻˣ
¶ıɫƻߵġǡȴôҲ²
ĳĬûĸоתԳЦЦһ˦ƻĸ첲Ȼ˵ĸȡɣ
˵ȴû뿪ǰһһѰƻӵ˻
ƻ־ŭŭʲô
ͷǻЦ㲻˵ǵĹϵǸȡ㲻֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ҹҪʲôſңƻŭ
ȴĸ΢΢ͷߵͳֻ˵Ҫģֻһ
ƻһȫƿ㿪ʲôЦ
豻ƵһסԱߵӣЦĻȶʧƻδĵĻް
վֱӣֱֱĿƻΪ仰Ϊӱܵʲôʱ򣿣ԭֻǲ㣬ҵĵʲôҸƻⱲӱӣҵģֻҵģƺϱӾеִǿҹģ뿪ɱң
ƻĻͫŴô˶Ȼ棬û뵽Լ޵Ȼһֱ˼ŭˡԽǸоǿҵ͸ȷ˵⡣Ҳ޿ɱܵ뵽ǰʹģ˿еִĲ
 

ڰʮ ƫ

ƻȻȷ⣬ȴûԼġûа취ԼеЩǣûа취ǰˡ
ˣô̹ȻĽĸ飬ѾǸΰһˡ
迴۲ͣģеŭѾһϣڴţڴƻܶӦ
ֻӵʧƻʮ䵭˵Ļӵ뷨Ҫֻϣ֮ĹϵֻǺ
ļĿԵƻ޷ĺԣ΢΢һֻͣĪһۣ۵۽ǶЩ졣
ʧеȴ飬͵͵̾һЦƻ̫ˣı˵ˡҪˣ㲻Ҫҡ
ƻֻ򴽣δ
ҲûͣӴȥˡ
ߺƻȴվԭһδ֪ʰ;ߣŽˡ
Щʧһߵϡ
߹һ裬˿ɫѿڶСλӳ𣿡
һԵĽ޲óⲻǺԵ𣿣
ƻֻ̧ͷһۣмֻ㱵ܣǳܣûгܵ
ĻýˣϴɻҪڣȴֽڵϽĻ˻ȥŽһ뿪ˡ
ƻ̾һԼؿڣ·ĶܹġڲǿЩʱôҪԲҪˣ
ȥ˰ܿķ
ܿڴͷ飬˽ЦĻˣ
ƻһôߵ˶ôȻȻĽ
ţˡǵ˵ͷŰѻôúϢҪ顣
ܿмΣţҲİ
ƻ߹ȥĸĦϵļ⣬õԴǲĦϵļήġ
ĵģܿȰͷʱˡ
ô˵ĻⲻӦõ𡣡ƻ̧ͷЦЦ
ܿȴӵۣͷ￴ĳĻӶʵģȻСĶ»ԼҲеġ
ƻĶһ̧ͣͷϴżŭ⣬Լûвգ˵ʲôأҸĻ֮䲻ǽװˣ
ܿЦô˰
УƻЩˣ
ܿȴֻգ˳˵ûУû˰ɡ
ȻĻЩ֣ƻҲû˵ʲôŸĦˡ
ڶһ磬ƻȥϷ밲
Ϸȴֶˣλڣ̾ȻҲڡ
ƻ߽λ׷վС㡣
ƻֻ΢΢ĵͷȻϷ˸˸Ůϸĸ밲ɨһۣȻϿʧͺ⣬ȷɡ
Ϸ̳֣ʾǰЦãҪôء
ƻ֣ߣһԱߵ̣ϵļԽˣЦЦ˵õıһء
˳ϷҲһ̣ﶼǲϲתͷٿƻȴЦݣ㻹ǵһոڰɣ
ƻֻ΢΢˵ͷϴǡĿɬ
Ϸ˴żϧ֣û£ԺÿһͶոˡ
µȴЦϷǲҪôС𣿡
Ϸ£Цҵǰˡ
±˵޷޷Ϸ˶С㼸ˡ
һЦ
ȴһƻɼ˵𣬻ϾȻҪ޸ӡ
˭֪ԺˣôȢôһҰѾͷƻĻͳΪռҵĵŮˣǴȢľͽҲȻֻܹ
޷ƻԣ΢΢һü̵һ㳤ûС
ϷȻҲˣжӵĲϲתͷ俴㸸ײǸʦ㻹ȥ
ɵҲ֪ǸԼߵ˼ֻ֮ǰճģԲܶײϷˣ˵ͷŮȸˡ
ϷӦһҲȫȻĮʦúõѧ˵õĻʦȻǱ㶨ĥĥӡ
ֹɵӦ£ĸ̻塣
߰ɡϷֶߵѾ˵¶ˮأǵøС硣
ƻϷˣвмֵľ壬ۺöƫУ游ԸƹռһȨԸɡ
 

ڰʮ 

ԺϷתͷֶƻ˵ҲҪմԺˣҲѧѧɡ
ȷȴѧǿһ£ƻû̻شֻԥɫ
Ϸ˱˵Ĳǲǣ⼸Ҳȥǡ
ȥѧ飬ƻȥѧ˳Ļ˵ĸѾˣջҸùŻظúúϢǡ
Ϸ˱˵ͷȻ±ߵǣûҲȥˣ˵˵
ǶЦųǡ
ƻٵһüͷôҪһȥһĸ׾ͱúϢˡҲϷ˵ĺ⣬ˡ
ſڵĸ⼸˵ԼأߡҲԼһа춼˯ŵģһĸµߡ
ǿһۣм׵ģǴ󲿷ֶѾˣ˵ЩҪúϢƣǲԵ޹ȥˡ
ϷҲĿһۣЦ˵ǸТ˳ĺӡ
ƻͷǺߵӣ۵ȴ˿⡣ϷѾ̬Ѿ࣬ɽôȴֿʼ̽
һԺճ˵ʲôѵǺйأ
ѾܾûйܹԺ飬ô죬ǵǵϷ˿ڷ˵
±ߵǵȻʮֵ磬˭֪ڰѾʧˣ϶ٰˣǶпϷһ£еˮ˵ҪõϷ˵ʶڸĵλ̾ͻ᲻һ
ΪϷ˷ǵĸ֡һ˵
˵ĲһᾡľİϷ˵ġһƽӹ˵˿Ρ
Ҳͣĸţʼ˵ǰʱôڵġ
ϷȴһֱδһԣƻҲЩһȫ
Ǹƽӹ˵˵ϸ˵Ǵǻ
ȻģȴҲʮϷһֱ˵תתЦϷˣжٵʽؼĻһһúóһٷ
ô˵꣬ķӦģԣ˵ûдھһԲĽգһһһԲҪ
ϷЩ飬΢΢˵ͷ⻰ûڸͲҪЩʽ
˼ǽҪˣһﶼʮֵʧȻҪ죬Ҳûˮ̣ûʲôϷ࿴Ļˡ
Ϸֻɨһۣܿĵ뷨Ҳûж˵ʲôȷӵûһǰĶ֣ѾðһҶˣ˵ɾǲҪЩʽǻҪú֣ǽ˺ʹС㶼ڸǰѽӷǲϡ
ִϲɫﶼ˵šӦģӦġ
Ϸ˱Ҳûʲô仯˵Ǿһ³̰ɡ
ߵƻ֪Լǡǡ˵ȻĸҪæŮȸˡ
ϷȴסżߣҲһɡ
ƻ΢΢һʲô˼ȴҲûоֻܾǵ˵ͷ˻ȥ
￴ƻȴһˣֱ˵ǰСҲܸǳ⡣
⻰ɫ죬ȴֻвô˵¶˼ֱġ
һߵȴѾʼ˵׼ĶˣϷϷģ˵һϷӣ˵ϷϷ֡
ϷȷʵмȤ˵ҶҪڣ֪ܲ
˵һߵ˵˻ϣ˭ռᲢۣҪȥȻռҵġ
ĻϷĿһۣ΢ŭֻҲ˵𣿣
һ㤣ϽʧˣϷϢŭ
Ϸ˵ɨڳеԼǰ˵ҲͰˣҪǴ˳ȥϸԼƤ
ϸջõ̽˱㣬˵ͷ˵ˡ
ƻ˿ˣЦ˵춼ʱ򣬾˵񶼵Ϸõģһûмʶأ
ϷתͷһۣϵůЩ˵Ҳúܶ궼ûˣǾһϷú֡
лϷˡƻ˵
ôһϵ¶Ҳ˼ʣҲսսˡǶͶм
Ϸ˱˵ϷȥǰͽˣҸƫһԺǰһ£ȵʱֱڸпˡ
 

ڰʮ ֺ

û뵽ĺõĲ¾ȻԼͷϣϲʤ˵Ϸ˷ģһףϷ˵
Ϸֻǵ˵ͷȻ˵Ϸ̨ӻǴϵطɡ˵ɨһȦǣ󾹰Ŀⶨƻϣͽƻȥɡ
ƻȵ̧ͷҪܾϷȴ˵ĸ׳綼ҪֺԺģҪ鷳̫ŰɣڼȻĸ׻ţȻҪҲѧôܼˣǰĸҲûôɣÿôģѧһѧ
ô棬ƻȷˣȴƴǵϷˣȷʵЩһϲͨ²Ϸ˽顣
Ϸִ˴ԴôһС¾ͰųӡҪһϲͨȥĸװٲҲСûһϽģ
ƻű۵ĵطЩίĿһۣмֲԸĵ˵ͷǣĸ
ŴЦЦСҪʲô׵ģҲеġ
ô˵һۡ
ţлƻһۣԼղһСŮ̬Ц˵
Ϸĵ˵ͷ˵ǿϷҲͰˣүûԡڻ԰һһЩջǺȲ;ȥɡ
˶٣˵ͽȥɣ˵ׯľջõģ궼ˣҲˡ
ɫӦǣϷˡŰϷжˮˮģ
ȻҲףҲ⡣ҲǼʵ֮ĽҲ֮
Ϸ˺һڲ裬˵ʲôҪŵʱȥ뼸
Ȼûʲô˵ֻǵͷӦȻ׷ǡ
ƻҲվ˵ŮҲˡ
Ϸ˵˵ͷҲûҲ߳Ϸ˵Ժӡ
һվƻ࣬СոϤǲ֪Ϸ˵Ĵطɣ
ƻȻͷȷʵָ֪㡣
ϵЦӵĲãô˵Ҳ˵СÿˣҴСĴתתɡ
ǰ̲סһԼߵѾ˵˰ǹģǰ컹˺üԵģֿʼֺٰˡ
⻰һºˣƻȴûһ㣬˵Ǿˡ
ƺûзϣƻĹ۸иãϽЦҲҸġ
ƻ˵˲ٻһ·ڡ
ƻһ徲ˣĽ˵ֲճȢ͵Żƿˡ
̲סһЦ첻Ц
ƻͷһۣ˵㿴ӭ̣üͷ΢΢һ壬ѾͷԼˡ
͵ʲôֱ߹ȥ
̿ȻֱԼ˹ȥֱˣһʱðŭ㲻ǵĸۣôҷ𣿣
ƻĹ˹תͷѽðղôûпأ
⻰̸ߣŭװˣǿˣ
֪ԼǹģȴôʣƻûжҪ˵Ȥ
˵ȻΪĬˣһʲôһҰѾߣȻ޸ӣȰ㻹Ǳˣ䲻㻹Լȴĸ˵Ͻ£
˵ʲô£ƻüͷ嵽һ
̱ӵľȣʵѵ֪ȴ֪ˣԼʲô顣
ıƻҲȷˣԭһֱȻ飿
»ûȷûйͰˡϷΪʲôҪмͷȴûһǰٷְȷġ
ֱתȥϷһ̳һƿ
ҪȥϷˣһӻˣҪȥץȴץһգֻôеֻǸ㿪Цģûʲô£
ǲйˣƻͷҲᣬֹ׷ϣ¸ӿٶȡ
װһϵӣС㣬׷ȥҲ׷
׷Ҹϵһ·Ϸ˵ԺƻԼֺΣȻ󼷳ᣬһ˦ѾߣֱֱĴϷ˵
ʱϷճһ緹˻˵ŻôûͷûԵĴ˽ճ̺ȵŻŵʲôӣߵѾ߶𣿣
ƻҵֱӴΪʲô˵Ҫ޸ˣ
 

ڰʮ ͼ

ƻĻϷֱˤеĿӣŭŭȴǶƻճ
ճһĺ£ŭҲӿ
ҲѾ˽ô¾ͻˣ˵ңҲǹģΪѾ֪ˣ
ƻǸȷһ㣬ứĵףĸѵΪʲô˶֪ˣȴ֪
Ϸ˵һֿۣƻ˵ˣ黹ûȷǻϵԸѡ
ճһϷˣѾӦϵ飬ôͱǻһ˵ԸȻῪ˵ࡣ
ƻȴѾϿ²ֻһ˵˼ˣճѾӦˡֻϷ˻ͬˣϷΪʲôͬأ
ϷѾʵô֪ģ
ͷҲ̧ңż˸׺̸
ճҲ̲סŭ˭ĵӾȻ͵˵ʲô
ûûˣ̸Ͻҡͷֻһ𾪵뿪ˣʲôû
Ϸ˿ճǽţ⻰ַı飬У֪һԼʲô
˵Щʲô˼飬ճŭߣѵĸ𣿡
һҪԼ뿪̸˸ת˳ȥҲڱ˸ܳȥˡ
ƻҲ˸³çˡԭƻĻ±ĸ͸ҷӦ̫ˡĸ͸׼òͣȸˡ
Ȼˣһ˷߰ɡϷȴֿƻ̧ͷһճ˵Ҳ㸸׵˼ɡ
⻰ƻ߹ȥѾµꡣ
ϷԸʢһŵǰ˵ҲҪĸףΪҸͲӦһŻ¡
ƻ̧ͷʪʡ
ϷҲճڳ˵⺢ӸͶԵʱұϲĽȻһʱ䡣УҲ㸸ϥӣһģռһкܶҪ顣
ҲǸŮӡƻȵ˵
дżֽͲмϷ˵ʲôŮӲŮӣռҲһף˭˭͵
ƻϵľȲװһû뵽Ϸ˾ȻôϿû뵽ȻҪԼ
˼ǧѵĸôĵ˵ֵ׳꣬һµܵܵġ
Ϸ˿ճһۣδ⻰ֻ˵ˣĸҲ޵ʼȥΪǣռҵ
ƻǾһ仰滰ЩҪ̽ĳɷָࡣ
һм˵лĸ
ϷֻЦЦϹˣЩԷɡ
һٷԵĸ˼˷ƻ˷ӡ
ܿڳԷ߽æʵôôŻ˸ȷ
æˣҳԹˡƻ˰֡
ܿȴЩɻ󣬡ϷԷˣʲô𣿡
ƻҡҡͷĸȳԷԷ˵ɡ
֪ܿһ򵥣ֱƿѾߵݹӣǲңҸԲ¡
ƻǾ˵ҽ֪ǰάǵĿˡ
ʲôĿģܿһҲ
ҪĴƻ˵ǴԹΪ飬ճܿѾӦˡ
ܿʮֵľȣô񶼹Ůô࣬ôأ
һƻŰܿ˵㻹ǵϴ˵һ˵Ǵ󸻴֮𣿡
˵Ϊܿӵ𾪣ôҲ޻̸֮
ƻЦһΪסԼĻλвˣ
ܿȻ֪Ҫļ޵˻ʼԺҪٵĴʵղ˵ճѾӦˣ˵˼أѵҲ޸𣿡
ƻҡҡͷȻǣռҵ͵ϡ˶˵˵ռԺҪҡ
ʲôܿüͷô˵
ƻ˵ͷȻ̽ĳɷ־Ӷ࣬˼ȷʵ뷨ġ
ܿҲ̲סЦһǴḷ́ǾԺ󲻷ҪԺΪռ
ƻЦЦ뷨ȴҪġ
Ϸ˿ɲһĽɫмҪСġܿ˵
еĵǣƻѾ࣬˴ߣҪЩ飬ǿЩɡһϷһݲ£˵ȥϷ̨ҵÿ춼ڴϷ̨
 

ڰʮ Ϸ̨

ܿƻ˵Ϸһ£ڵǣҲǸջոʲô鶼ϤôϷ̨
ƻ˹ЦҵǲʲôĿģ֮ˡ
۵ӣ̲ܿס˵ûãһЩ
ô˵ֻˡƻѾ˵룬ݸܿһɾë
ܿӹ˲ݸ˵ӵĻԼĻ֪𣿡
ƻֻĵһ٣Ӧû֪֮ǰʹҲûв鵽˿ǱƺҲ
Ļܿиӵĵǣ治֪ˣʲô
ƻֻЦЦʲôˮڡ
ڶϷ갲ƻ͸ȥǸϷ˿еϵط
ﻹ;ܶԺӵ;
ոǰûʲôȻﻹ˽ģʵҲ֪Ϸνϵطǻװһ֪ʵӣϸ˵š
ûжã˱ߵһˮ̨鿣ϷϷ̨ĵط
ƻ滹ЩûвļӣЦЦĸѾ֪ģŻ񽻸ҵİɡ
ҲЦϷСأοСͻϷֻҪո˶֪ǿСİɡ
˵ֱףƻ΢㶣˵һˣѹĸʲô鶼
ֻЦǰڲܳˡ
ƻ۲һ⻰ﻰ˼ֶԸɡǿҲЩ֪ﻹиĿܣֻѾ˶Ըİ취ͲҪٸκ֡οȻǱ¹ʵǲԶˡ
ֻװ˵ĻܰΣĸпɶҲǲͬġ
ԼĻҲ֪û׻ûһͼ߲ʧ̽˵ڻӿɺ𣿡
ƻһۣʿɶֹΪеһ˿ϲǻ˵Ȼúõģֲʲô˵ĵطǶˡ
ɫ˰˼֮԰˰ϵЦҲЩȻ
ƻķӦûʲôȤǰߣһյأΧлˮȷʵһϷĺõطܰϷ̨ϵһп
ǰߣһӱӭ˵μС㣬СսƽʱԺɣϷСȺС㣬СʲôܷԸ
ƻгȣҲʮֵĹ֪һϷ˵ˣЦǾչˡ
¿˿ʵֻų̈鿣ôȥ·أ
ս͵үǿϷĵط˵Ȼ֣˵С룬Сȥһ
ƻ˵ͷתͷ˵лҹλչ´ĴˣæذɡһԵĽ˵һ
ȻӦ£뿪ȴֲּơ
ƻҲûˣֻսһȦߵϷ̨ĺ󷽣̨鿾ʹࡣ
ս̨ףϵ¥һƽֱ̨һ䣬ţӵš
ս˵Ϸױ·ĵطǰϷ̨ˡ˵ӡ
ƻ˳ȥȻһϷ̨濴һЩվովĵطһࡣ̨ǵʮֵĻֺ꣬һϷ̨˵ģռҵĲȻǲܵ͹
Ҳûô˼ֻϸĿܵļӣн¿ʱûʲôҪɵĵط
ս߹˵ǶѾҪɵĵط࣬Ϸ˵˼Ϸ̨ķһϾҲЩˡ
һԵƻֻǵ˵ͷû˵Ǽϸܡ
⴦Ϸ̨ȻҲЩͷˣľͷṹģһȷǲôι̣ܲܳס淭ͷϷ
սϸҲûֻһԾĵȺšϷ˽µʱѾõ׼λСʲô⣬ᾡϵġ
ãƻŽĴ鿴һ·ָӵĵطι̣ĴҲĲأǲ֪ԼѾЩ֨֨ľ廹᲻̡
ţһľ춯
һʼսҲûзϣһһľţڼϷ̨Ƿι̣еǶ˼͡
ƻһ֮󣬱ȷһЩȽϱĵطվǴʼʹ
սһϽ˵Сʹã
 

ڰʮ 

˭ҲûϵսĻ䣬ƻֱӽһľˣһۿҪ©ȥ
ǺᴩոһСӣɾΪȥŸΣգսȥҪץסƻʱȴһ
ƻ˾ŵսЦչˣӦȸ֪ǡ
սһæ˵黹ǽɣСĪˡ
ƻȴҡҡͷҲģοҲû֣׳ء
ɡսҪ˵ȴƻסˡ
չ²ضԣзִϲʲôµģʲô£Ҳĸ˵չ¡
ѾѾսҲ˵һ߲¡
ƻһҳ崦ĵطһԹȻˡԼزģȻƽ˸ЩǱϾϷᷭԾ
Ϸ̨ϵƻ޲ҲһʧսϷ̨ЩľͷѾûиˣ
սȻϤ̻صѾˡ
ѹ֡ƻ˵ͷȫҲ̫ˣ˵ڵĳ̶ȣǲȷﵱû⣬ҿȫһɡ
սЩȻ֪޲ֱӻҲйǣھﲻа£Сµʱ޷ɡ
ƻҲǣʵǸеж٣
ԼʮңٸԺҳһЩæҲʮˡս˵
٣ƻȴ֪ȱߵĹŴÿһľ嶼ҪֶӹҪɹοľҲҪ
ƻ΢˼һ£ǸҪģɣɻæ
Ȼս˵ͷȴмԥϷ˷ԸҪһдӼʦֻϷ˻᲻ˡ
ƻ˵޷ʱȥ˼˵˶˵²˳٣ҿȥ˵ɡ
սֻǹ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ǾչȥһЩĹҪҵľϵԴƻ˵ҺˣѰұɡ
սͷǣС㡣
ƻֱȥϷǴϷ˲ڷо
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ֿ֣һۣ΢΢Ϸ˶˵Сˡ
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֣Ҳٶԣ˵һԡ
ƻվ棬Ϸ˵оֿһϹĴüĿ·ϤһЩĹһЩ
ִˣΪɱֳԼʲôںҪ˵ʲôԽŴҲʲô񣬿ֽȴ־ȷ˼飬òŻڤڤ֮Ѿע
뵽˽ȥϷԵϣ˫ֺʮϵİݡ
⴦ڱĵȴһԵϷ۾һۣľתķҲͣ
Ϸ˵ƻҲ󣿡
ƻ̧ͷһۣæĸˡһ˵ֻǸл
ŶΪΣϷʵ
ƻ˵лĸܹȹһѹأܻصո
Ϸ˼֣˵Ҫл
֣֣߹ƻҲһֻվ
ǵ˵ƻ˵
ط֮Ϸ˰ϣ˵˵ʲô£
ƻϷ̨״˵ˣϷ˵ͷ˵ѾˣҲǸûһˣչɣӱȥ죬ҡ
ƻû뵽Ӧʹ죬˵ĸ˵ҪȴôʦڵĴϷ̨ʵǡ
ϷЦЦĿݣ޷Ϸ̨綼Ҫɡ
ƻ˵ͷҾȸˡ
ߺϷ˶ߵ֣˵Ƿãж֮ûĸԸĽȥҪ˵һݡ
֣һЦǴСǸõġ
Ϸֻǵ˵ͷû˵ʲôǾòŷʲôԣܶԷ־Ҳ˵лη֮ģη֮ĵΪ˴±еߣƣΪ
ѾͷȴһõģռжѾЩη֮ˡ
ƻȻ֪ʱϷ˵뷨Ϸ˵Ժӳֱӻ˻һͷ鰸ϣʼдд
ȻҲͿЩѽɵķãʱһŪͿˡи뷨ȻҪĺһ㣬ִϷ̨ԼһЩǻһϷ̨ӵĶһֻҲô
Ѿһŵ뷨㿪ʼֽϻһЩͼ
 

ھʮ ľ

սʱƻڰϡ
һûзӦֻǰȥһ
ƻ̧ͷһۡ
˵չˡ
󿴣ƻſչ£̷еıվչ¡
С㡣չҲ΢΢С˹ر
ƻ߳ЦչתͷԽ˵ϲ衣
˶֮ƻʵô
ս¶ɫ˵С㣬ĹѾҺˣֻڸҶҪȻҵˣҪƽʱøЩľϣҲƽʱľϵĵطֻǼ۸󣬶ҲҪһЩʱС
Ҳ뵽һЩ˵ٵģǮٸƽĲˮҲ٣Էʱľϡƻ˶˵ոׯû𣿡
ô˵ս۾һɻЩǣׯȻҲԱҪʱõģƽʱǲ⶯á
ƻ˵ͷȥ±ߴһңôǰǿһЩ۸ȻѹһЩҲԸġ
ȷʵһ취սƻȴЩˣϾ˴档
ʱ򣬰ȻŲˮ˽
⼸ȻŵĶһЩֻҲû̫ȻżһЩҲûôšǰհ뷨ίˣԼˣҲˡ
һ˵˹ŹͲ裬ñ˿ĸŮôŰģ
һĴֲѣƤ԰ûѪɫҲ֮ǰһЩսʮֵľȣƻȴüͷ
һŵĽ壬֪һˣʲôϷ˼ĽȻĶ֡
ԭƻ˼ֿսٿ⸱ӣ߶ƻӡˡ
ôˣƻȴʵ㶼æ𣿡
ʣ˰»¶ŭԵģشС㣬黹û꣬ǽūͲ裬ūôôҲ
˵꣬ƻ㿴һսɫһӣҲ˼֡
е
Ľ˽ͷСʲôԸ
ΪðͲ裿ƻػŭ˭ðֻƵģϷָʹ𣿡
ͷû˵ƻ⻰ȴ鲻ãҪڣȴֱƻˡ
˵Ϸĸ״̲ҲԺˡοǺԺˣôͷ¶棡ƻŭ飬ǸɴӺˣ
ͷҳ
ĻٿսҲ;ûʲôˣȻϷź˵ģǴС㻹άɼҲûܹʲôࡣ
ȴôı鶼ڸˣſ˵ⲻֽⱾūҡ
˵꣬ƻ˵ȻﲻԸǼƽϣεҲˣȻֶ԰˵ôǸе飬Ѿָʹ㣬ҡҶΪġ
С㡭ﻹҪ˵ƻִûб飬ȻȥɣҺչ»Ҫ̸ĸҲҪҩˣҩӦİɡϾϷ˵ķԸҲʲô鶼Բԡ
սѾͷҲûʲôһɫֲںƻִ··뿪ƺʲôҲˡ
ǿԥŻԸ뿪ƻʵʲô𣿡
ûˣֻǡֻ˰Ҳûֻǳ
ƻû˵ʲôֻĵĵսȴûûп𣿣
սϵĲ֪ͣǳʧˣ̱뿪ˡ
ԺƻҲûж˵ʲôϻص˲ɹľϵ
Ȼս뷨˵ֻѣֲǿοЩǿҲǵľϲɹļ۸ߣټǲҲǼ˸ĳɱ
ĻսҲعζȷʵǸġ
ƻ˵ǹģȴׯһЩǹ磬͸ֲ糤ɣľջأǹҲܸһЩ롣˶˵ֻ󣬿ܴûõ֮㲻ˡ
˵뵽һЩ飬ҲҪʲôգҪһЩֵģҪֹ࣬ҿҷ
սóϷ˵СˣһС㽻á
ƻ˵ͷǻҪȥľһЩľĻùǸҪ˷ʱ䡣
ǡսӦ
 

ھʮһ ˵۹

ƻ˵ľ֮ȥʷǱӾУĿ꾡ԺаΨʣ
սͷ͵øͣæǣС㡣
˰ʮ֣ľϺ͹Ǳһո
ƻȥһˣЩϢĵطϷ̨ĲԶطԭǸɵĹסģмŻ԰ԺӸ뿪
˿ǺܲҲгʱֻҪá
ˣ첻Ҫ̫ˡƻսԸطȻƫƧѾ߻ǹһ䣬ҪЩˣĪǾ˷СǡȻЩ鶼չߵģҲҪҶ졣
սӦţЦ˵С˼ȫ
ƻҲЦչǫ顣Ȼ˵չˡ˲һ¾͹½ˡ
սͷи̾ССʹ±Ѿǲ֪ÿ佱Ǹ˵Ϸ˿˵۹
ȥϷ˴һƻıָϷˡ
ϷҲЩȣȻȴ±ߴľģ
Цݣ֪ǺЦҲû뵽СȻ
֣һҲЦҪ˵С㣬ԸǺϷһӣ¶ǲġ
ϷһۣϻȡЦˡ
ֻ֣Цû˵
ϷЦ˵Ѿͷ뷨ȷʵأҲɳжȣǴҵϡ
СȷʵСսڻӷ飬˵ڻУС˼ˡ
μϷüͷ
սش˵ѾָʹͲ衣
ŶϷüϵɫ˿
ս˵С̰ߵѾ߽нѵһ٣˵Ϸ˽аȥҲǰɰﵱ˶ԴǶ԰ɫġ
ϷϲЦݣȴ˵Ѿͷ̫ˣȥΰ˸趼ˡղŵеֻ˵Ĵһ㡣
սͷû̫עɫ˵С˵ܹǺԺˣͷ¶档
Ϸ˸ʮֵ⣬ѾͷССͣ±̰塣
֮ǰ˵뷨أ˵¿̰壬˵ʲôʲôˡ
˵仰Ϸ˱ˣϵЦȴٳٶûɢȥ֣˵ƻѾͷǲһġ
ȻϷ˵۹ܲġ֣ҲЦ˵
Ϸ⻰ϵЦȴʧˣ۹ٺãҲˣˡ˵˴Щ޷ݣ·˵ֶ˵һɣܿĳ޵һť
⸱ӣ֣ҲٿڣֻĬĬվһԡ
ƻԹ֮󣬱һԿ˱
վһ߸һˮƻ̧ͷһۣ˵ɾίˣ
ʻý΢΢һ㶣˵ΪϷչ¿ūϲί
ƻֿһۣٳ𱾾ܵģԭҲΪҽ˵ģΪûпð
һ׹ϽС𷣡
𷣵ǲˣԺע⿴Ҳϣٷƻͷ߷˱˵㷴ӦѸ٣֪Ϸսģҵǰࡣ
˿æͷⱾū澸ġ
Ŀֺ࣬ܵ۱ˣ˱üͷô˵ԭǲôġʱҲˣȥϢɣûʲôˡ
Ȼ˳ȥźͣһ²ת뿪
Ժƻһ裬ʶĿһ۽յĴ
ҹ費ɢѾûˣ룬ҲŲգȴѾˣ̾һվǲڼƭԼûиоˡ
һʱĶĴۣ˭ҪһȣٵһȰɡ
⣬ʱվڷϣķ䣬ҲһƬ
⸱ģԵΪβȥ
бۿһۣҷôôࣿ
̲˵˺ڰС
Ŵ͸Ĺ⣬Ҳ΢΢̾һȻȥ첻Ѿķˣȴ֪ôƻ֪Լꡣ
ȻѾԼѾܼᶨˣ˾ܾлЩˡ
ƻϨˣ˯֮ǰ᲻żԼٴε͵͵̾һǿϢҲû鷢԰һЩ
ȥɣվãŶ˵Ȼ뿪ո
 

ھʮ 

ڶƻ˴磬ܿԹ緹֮󣬲ȥϷ
ϷҲոճԹ緹ЦƻˣԹ緹𣿡
ĸ밲ƻ˰˵ѾԹˡ
Ϸ˿ڣȻ㳯֣ҵһᡣ
ƻ߹ȥ߽
Ϸϣ֣Цһ۵˰ɡ
սϷ˵ˣֵıϷȻѾ֪ˣƻȴֵѾ֪ˣֻ˵Ůûжţλչ۵Ĳ塣ҲˣȻܶҲϲ֡
Ϸȴû˵սۿǲأ
ƻʱ¶ֻ֮̿ɫ˵չ¹ˡ
ǫˡϷЦ㰡Ҫʲô鶼ȻбǾóôҿҪʲô鶼
ƻּȻŮֻǾһЩܹøһЩ
Ϸ¶ֵļģԺ㶼ڲ׾ĸ
ƻ̧ͷһľȣĸ
۵ţϷҲ¶ϵ֮ɫ̧ķĸȻ˵ġ
ƻȴ΢΢һ㶣ϷϵıУΪơͻȻϷǰҲͬˣȻ֧Լȴٵʵ⣬Ǳ˴˶ǲ໥ðˣȴ̫һˡ
Լ˵ϷһЩЦƻǲĸ
ƻŻعеĸȴزס˵ͷȴҡҡͷ˵ĸȴֺԼĸ
еĸӣϷȻõ΢΢һЦĸġ
˵ŻѾ߽˵ճˡ
Ϸӵʹһ£һһƻҪһȥȴס˵㲻سȥ
ƻǾȣȴֻ˵ǡ
Ϸ˳ȥ֮ԼϣЩʧϷ˵ľٶǲΪһֱ
ûжãͱ̸סˡ
ֺ˵˻£Ѿ빫ȥǼһԼճ˵
Ϸ˵ŭ⣬Ҳ˵ҲӦѵûлؾϣ
ճֵΪ˳ϼȻѾ϶ƻʲôؾοϷ˻֮ǰҾѾӦ˻ˡ
ѵƻϷŭʵ
ճȣȻ룬ֻ֮лôԸĿǰʲô취Ϸ˲ٻҿھͶɱҲ˹
ˣϷ˱ŭİŷ֣Ϊ׸˵Ļ֪֪ƻǺεģ
ĸףΪʲôףƻǸŮĻҲκεķӦΪֻɱҪճҲʮֵļ
Ϸֻ޷Ҳı䣬㵱Ѫ𣿡
ճ΢΢۾Ϸ˺γԣеһвΪո𣿡
㵱ΪոϷ˷ʵ
ճȴûлشֻ˵ǰյи磬֮ǰŵӦþͻƻʹӵĻԼϷ㲻ԸĻϷԼȥ˵ˡ
˹֣Ȼֱ˳ȥ
Ϸöûжһ߽ݣһ㿴ϵƻѾˡ
ʪ۾ֱֱĿԼ޴Ϸһ˹ȥӦ֪㸸׵뷨ˣ
ΪʲôҪôңƻҪı򶨣ǲܿƵĲš
ϷҲ֪ôοֻ֪ĸǲ˵˵Ǹҥԣ˵ռҵǣռҵˡ㸸׼ֻ
ƻ΢΢һʧ߶ţԭ𣿡
ģĸỤģԲ㸸׶һëϷ֣ġ
ƻͷ޵ˣϵıȴû̫ı仯ˡ֪Ϸ˴˾ٵĿʲôԼճ׵ľѣԼ̬Ⱦôģڶճ̬ѾȷˡҪճˣ
˺һᣬϷ˾һֱߣû˵Ҳûʲô͡
ƻȶ̧֮ͷһۣŮʧˡ
ʲôʲôʧʧġϷ˵һͿһɣһﻹܺһЩܱȿ޶ûеطҪõĶࡣ
ƻͷлĸ
Ϸķ˵޹˱뿪˰ɣҪѹˣ㻹ĸ׺ĸ㣬
ţŮ֪ˡƻӣֵ
Ϸ˱˵벻
ƻ̧ͷһۣ¶ֵãҲ֪ĸȥұȥĸȥҾͲȥ
 

ھʮ ѡ

Ϸ˼ƻĲϵ˵ǽ˹ԺӾͻǵķҪΪȡӣΪҲ飬ԺͺܿĸµĻʺȻռ񶼵ĵλһ¥ҲڳаռңȴΪո㾡ȫˡ
ΪΣƻȴЩ⣬Ÿտ޹ı˵ҼȻոĴС㣬ҵȻոϢϢͨȻΪո㾡ȫ
Ϸ˲ûлش⣬Ǽ˵ոոȨΪոĲʢһصǣ㲻֮£ðһϣָɡ
ƻһʱҲЩĬˣһʵŮ˲ҪΪ޵𣿡
ƻҲ𣿡ϷҲʵ
ƻҡҡͷҲΪĸ׻ǰˡ
ƻԸ𣿡Ϸʵ
ƻװһϴԳɹģҡͷȻԸ⣡
ϷͷãȻĸһ㣬޸ӵģ
ƻ˵ͷȴʮֵĿʲôոѾ˶ϲ㣬ճһҲˣճڻûһӣϷ˻ֻܴмѡһ
ǡǡľϷһȻԼƳȥոδиһҪΪ̫ʺˣֱռ˷ģΪͻһոΪո˽ķס
ռļڵϷһ
ƻϷҲûֱӻỪӣȥϷ̨
ǱæȻ죬ľͷľ壬еļɺҪȻǲö˵߾ľ廹Ҫٴαɳһµľ壬һֹᣬŵһķˬķɡ
ƻ˼ۣûпսԱߵС˹սһŲɹľˡ
ִһᣬ뿪ˣĽȿʼϷ̨ľ黹ҪһЩ飬԰׼һЩڲ顣
ɻȥ·ϣ˲ˡ
ƻǺֶΣ̿̾񶷼һë
ƻȴʵڲһҪæϷѾ˺ܶ޹ؽҪ˷ѾԼۡ
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ι˵ûеڸ˵أҲӵĹֱ֣һס
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ƻĴָָĹؽϣһ۵ÿ޵
ſңƻ֣
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ҩĶԺǿҲܿ죬ǸողƤ̾ͺһƬһڲͣɢ
̶Լĸ첲˺µѾЩˣеſңſҰ
ķӦжҩģɢ࣬Ӧþˡƻʹץס˫֣Ĺؽڣʹ
ٳٲ̸֣ӵĿ꣬ſңҸˣ׾ԲŹ㣬ģ
ƻĶɺ˺£ֶ֪ôЩͼֶһΣҶܸ߿㼸֡
ʵ˵ʲôˣ۾ţǹɺһϴܣ·ѾƵ⣬ɺѾԽ⣬ӵһ¡
γ׻ˣứһµƻſңſҰҲſңҲ
ƻȴûзſֻһĿ
Ҵˣ֪ˣԺҲˣŹŹҰɣڱĿʼġ
оѾӵļˣƻŽƿ
õɣ̻ҵͳ˻ĽҩҲ⵹ˣֱͷԼﵹ
ȥ֮̿ʼİԼ··Ƶ򣬽ǺɫģӵķֱӰ·˺ͣǴƺһֱ̱ڵء
ƻôһֱޱĿ񣬿æңдżֵļͼ
⼸ܲ˵ģ̧ͷĶƻݶ˵ҾԻǧУ
ƻЦһȰ㻹ȹܺԼɣϣ´γǰʱ·õġ
 

ھʮ ֲ

ƻ˵һ֮תߣûתͷһۡ
̵սݺݵ˵ϣƻ·һƻۣԼҪǱһǧһ򱶣
ζģƻ֪ûȤֱ֪صӡ
̤䣬˵һԵĽһۡ
̵˵˵밲ġ
ƻ΢΢۾˶ˣ
һʱˡ
Ѿôˣƻû΢΢һ壬ȻûȷԼ˼֪Ĵһ֪Ըĸס
Ҫ߽ȥֵݹһ˵Ǹմӹﴫġ
ƻӹһԥ˺ŷ⣬֪ӵĻԼ֮󣬱ѦȥϢѯѵûһӦþǻš
óһҳֽһĿкܿ㿴ˡ
Ѧ˵ȷʵѾ˷ΪȻճѾͬ⣬ӦҲ֪ģûл㱨ȴû뵽ǲ֪ġԭȴһһЩ飬ҵͷЩһ鱨۵Ĺ̡
ƻ֮󣬵ݸ壬յ
˹ȥȴƻѾˣҲûдԼٵ˳ȥˡ
ȻѦǱ߶Ѿ֪ˣڹӦþѾˣΪʲôϴȴ˵֪
һĿʲô
ƻ˰죬ҲûͨеĹؽڣȰŵһߣǰȶԸ˵
첽ߵݣڴߵϣԹԵ˵⻰ܿڴֻ΢ЦţԿõɫԵľ⡣
ƻٵһûУ˼ȣⰡ
վС˰
ϵİܿҲͶĿ⣬дżֵΡ
𣿡ƻϲûЦ⣬Ѿ˵ѾЩʱˡ
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ƻһۣǶлˣڿ뿪ˡ
֪ȴûһ㣬Ц˵ʵҲڵСأЩС
ƻӵ䵭Ϊ˵ңӦôڶ᷿ŷϢ
ȻѾƤСҲ̫һЩ
ƻĿһۣʲôϵΪҪ档
һʱµƿԣֻܿԼߵ˴ߣ԰ܿĸףϢɣ
ܿƺҲŵ˼ޣĵ֣ڴϱ۾
Ȼ۳⸱ģʶΪʲôƻ˵ʲôҲˣֻεվ
ƻϸΪܿҴ˱ӣַԸһԵѾߵȷѹתͷ
Ȼ̸ȥ˽᷿֮ƻ˵ɣʲô£
䵭̬ȻƣҲҷֻЦ˵ʵҲûʲô£ֻ˵СһЩɵĽ˽ˣǡЩϷҲϾͰǽȴԭҵǸԺһҪɣС輸ȥһޡ
ֿٵ˵ȥҹչµģ˵չ³ˡȻС㸺ģСҲǿԵġ
ƻһۣҪ޶ã
Ҫӡ˵
ƻҡͷУʱܽЩ˶ãܰ˽졣
ǣиɵĹѾСˣʵûа취˵
ƻ룬ʵˣҪã
ˣ룬ҪһҰѡΪһǽҪˣʹ˵˴Ҫ졣
һ뵹ǻܽһЩΪϾĹЩ࣬ϾķʱõıǾľͷ
ƻ˵ԣܿճ˴󲿷ֶĹҪñҲҪǹǮҲԼĿǸɻ
üͷԭΪСеĹˣûãɸҲӦԼǮİɡ
ȻﲻԸ⣬Լȥҹƻ˵תͷԼһˮ
ͲסеŭСҲҪֵ̫ˣոǴС˵أƾʲô˶ΪСѵҵͲ˵еĿǻոǮֲǴСǮҳʲô𡣡
ƻһۣû˿¶ȣԺҹ֮ǰѾˡΪʲôʱΪʲôûҹҪˣұѾƻõģϷ˻رġ
 

ھʮ Ұ

ԭⲻһС£Ϊûҵչ£ѯƻȴû뵽Լȴƻ˱ڡ
Ĭ˰˵ѵǴСҴ˷ȷʵĲԣҲȷʵҪСһˣǹΪ֮
һһ룬ȷʵϲĸסֵ飬ҲҪΪ㣬ҵ鲻УǾԼȥҹˡƻһڲ裬̧ͷһۡ
ʵû뵽Ȼβ¶ҲһЩĹǸԺжõľϷ˵ԺҪޣҲһֶ裬ǲ̫һЩ
ֲûн֡ƻҲ֪ոĹõģҪҵȻҲҪε鲻ֻҪֵĺһЩȻҲ롣һǾ仰˿ԣֻ踮ĽˣҷԼ
㣡ﻹŭˣϸҵСˣҲһ¿ֻϷЩðȵ⸮ͷȥСѵҪҲ𣿡
ô˵ƻɻˣľƾһЩӱˣΪʲô˵Ҫأ
ϷһμȻҪ죬ȻҪƯһЩԺӵɱһʶķãڹϻǮҪԤĸһЩﵹʵİ뷨˵˳
ƻȴΪ⣬ƾʲôҪҳǮˣѰɻ
ҽǸĽˣŭ
ƻҲˣ˵Ȼǽֲ£ΪʲôﲻѡһҪɵԺأʡɵķãܱͻҲֵ֪ϷҲռʲô˰ɡ
ԺһõģеλҲܺʣǻһЩɵķãҲܱȳ˿ʲôҪðɡһҪԼòӵߵ
ƻȴЦЦﵹǵĻʲôأ
ȻЩϷӽ˸Ժӵġﻰ˵һ룬ͻȻЩӦĿƻʲô
ƻӣָڱϻţѵøﰭµ̫𣿡
㵽ʲô˼ֻССȴɲ⣬ԼѾǣűˣԸڲ²뷨ֱʵ
ƻ̧ͷղҲ˵ˣ㲻ҪոúõĻȥҲôģϷѾʮֵңҲٴĸĶһҧ𡣶Ҳϣɡ
ųƻ˼һ˲ʮֵĿ£ȻϣҲ𣿡
ӣƻһЦЩӣʲôô
ȴʶĿܣһУ
ӣƻޱȻһɱ˾ӦҰȴҸж˰ɡ
㵽ʲôأֲҪȥʲôˣֻǰϷǰŵλסһЩĳʲô飬ҲĻ̥ճңʲôϵƻ˵˵ֻǾøߵ̫ˣֲҪճ
ճһΪʧȥϷ˵ֶ֧ʧȥһУʱЩҲܵǣȰǶͳȥϾһҲ޹ˡ
ƻһۣʱסˣôһˣܲԸո
ͷòƻʮֵջôòڰʧ˭õүôˣӱû׬ͻһ
һ뵽ܹϺͰһӣͷѾȵĲУֱ޲ھҪеﶼŪȥ
۷Źӣƻ֪ĵ׵ҰѾ׵Ļˡ
ãҴӦС㡣۾ƽʱ࣬ƵĿƻ֪С㣬ʲôѾеԺ𣿡
ƻɲЦһ£Ȼ˵ǸУһӴм䴩ߵ¥̨ͤƺԺμʵϷ̨ˮͳ˰ӣʧ˼ɽ֮£ԺӾ͸ôһСļɽ
ôһ˵ﾹôС۲ô΢
ƻǹ˹о⣬⵹۲ϸ£ǰʱסƫƧԺżʱȴɽǲഫŷ顣
ǵʱǲûбϷô죿ȴѾ⡣
ƻһۣӵıɲ⣬Ҹղ˵ҪĲϷסĽһЩ벻ɶٲ֣ѵ𣿡
ɼȻˣΪʲôЩƲеĸ˳ȴġ
 

ھʮ 

ƻеĺⲻϵһʼڿҲǴĿԡǼȻѾ˵ԼļƻͲòʲô飬ܲۼ㰲ϷסԺֻһǽ֮ĶͲʱȻ˵һҲû뵽áҲ¶ţ
Ļﱳϵĺëһ뵽Լ޷еĺǳǰŮĻǸ鶼ûȥ˼ǵʮֵȫĻѹϷҲˣת
ҵĻ𣿡ƻûӦʵ
̵ͷˡ
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˵ұ˵Сʵڳ鲻Ժʧ޲һܹɺõģȰõԺȵùԺɺá
ƻ΢΢ͷȻǴġ
û˵ֻǸ˸ӣ˳ȥˡ
ԺƻüͷϵĲ뷳ڲزסٶҲӦеķȴѹֱѹסġ
̿ԲôݣԽԽ´̬ҲӦøһЩзΪԼҲܸóϷһЩЩƲסԼ
һڣǺָо
ţ˽С㣬ѦǱ߻лҪأ
ƻüͷӻԼҸ֪ʵոֻҪճҸ޴֪Ժ޾ϸҪ˵
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ʲôƻ
屻ŵһǻӲͷƤ˵չ֮󣬾͸оСƺһֱˣ⼸չûйоСӵĲˡ
˵ʲôƻŭ
һǣū澺˵ū澻ȸˡ
˵ű˳ȥС߳ŭ
ܳȥƻĶϵĲһԼյıӣüͷԼڵɲǺܲ
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Ѿ͵Ĳͼɫһ£ȻѾ߾˵ܿѹˡ
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ƻͷȷʵһ֪ʶȤġ
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û˵ܿҲûʣˡ
ƻתͷһߵĽ˵׼緹ɣĸҲҳ԰ɡеҩȻѾͣˣҲͲҪֻǳˣԸ嵭Щ
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ܿθڱ֮ǰҪ࣬˲ٶ
ι꣬ƻԼſʼ
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ܿȻϷ˵У˭ûոҪճʱһ𣬰ǻռһΣպ˲ݵľأѹճ
 

ھʮ ʷ

ڰܿĻƻֻǵ˵ͷʵϷճìͲһˡ
ճϷ˵ӣһĺӣ˵ײһӡʱϷ˶ճǳӣ̵£֮ȴʣӣҲǶүү
үԸѲ£סոԺү˵Ǿ񶼣ȴӢš
ƺճġҲǵ˵ûе鵽飬Ϸ˸Ǵûпڽ
ǼȻĴԣɼүһճйϵģԲôϷ˶ճҲȫȻΣ֮ļ϶Ѿܴ
ܿò˵Ϊڵģ˵Ϸ˶Ӧ໤ģӦˣԿЩ
ƻȴҡҡͷϷȻһĿҪ£ңճ׾ѣΪոԮжЩϧ˵ԶԶҵ˳ֺȻϲңҲֻԸңȻһҲ߷һչˣһʱ֪һҸоƿңΪ¡
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ķӦƻ֪ĿУ˹жٵĿԡ
ʦ˿ȴüͷС㣬ҪŪǲǲǵѾܽˣڶѾһ˵ˣҪЩˡٿŪЩҲҪ뻭ʦУǶֻһЩ߽ɲ˵Ļ
Ļּֿ죬ûһίսһüͷǳûйأһԵĶƻȴûЦ˵ʦĻҶףֻϣܹѵµЩãЩĻҶġ
ʦֿ˿ָλãҲǺܶ࣬Щû⣬ֻСЩףǻҪСǽС
ͷôôأոĴС㣬ô˵𣿡սûסǳ
ʦȴһҲηֱŲӵû˵׾ǲףǲС˵׵㣬Ҫô죿
⵹һԸͷӣƻ΢΢һЦ˵޷ȷʵĲϸұʦ˵뿪ɡ
㿴˼С㣡ͷתͷս˵һ䡣
ƻԼעľЩʲôʦȷû֮󣬲뿪
鲻Žһ룬ȥġ
ɻûеӣϷԺѾߡ
С㣬ϷǱ׼ȥҲȥһѾ߹˵
ƻ˵ͷǱȥɡ
ϷŷҲ
һϵЦסˣеЦⶼ
ϷȴԼߣָ±ߵ·˵Щеʽһûϲģ´
ƻһЩɫȫ·ĸΪˣĸҴһÿ
˵ֺõĻȴûʲô飬Ϸ̿ЦС𣡡
 

ھʮ 

ƻϷ֮Ļ̺ݺݵĽ·һע⾹·ˡ
˺һڵĴϣԵʮֵͻأϷ˺ƻתͷ
̿˿Լ·תһˤһϣⶼʲô·ô΢һͻˣ
̱˵ϡ
Ϸ˿⸱ӣиӶϲ˵ɡ
Ϸ˾ȻˣиǲʣҲֻǵͷû˵ʲô
ôƢԽԽˣѧôõĻѵǰѧ𣿡Ϸ˿̣ʮֵ
ĸҽ͡ȻҪƱ硣
ϷȴôһСܸһСӣһ㲻Ͱѻ˵ô£
̱˵ĴͷȴһֱӿŲġ
⸱ӣһԵƻȴͻȻ˵ֻһӣҲ˰ˣģĸͲҪõˡ
ϷһһҲͰˣ
ƻЦ˵ʮֵô˵ǲء
ᵽ飬Ϸ˿һ̵û˵ʲôɼĻˮƽϿɵġ
ãһмҪðæءƻ˵ǲ֪ûпա
̧ͷҪؾȴϷ˵ŵ˵ߵĻʵʲô£
ȻǾ֮͵ģûһңֻЩˡƻ˵
ȴΪ⣬ٴֶ󣡡
ƻ˵׿װ볤
ʲôʶıԼĲ磬ҪǲҰɣ
ϷҲЩɻʵҪʲô
ƻҲûд˵ҪϷ̨ϣһʱϷ⾳ˡ
ĻϷҲʮֵ˼ʵ㻯һʲôأ
СǵϷһЩ鰮֮£㻭һ԰еĳɡƻ˵
Ϸ˵˵ͷ̣ȴЩ̫ˣͰ㻭һɡ
ȴɾãƻǽȻʮֵĲʣϷ˵ҪҲֻܾܾõ˵ͷ
Ϸֶƻ˵һһҲ
޷ƻֻõļһҪЩͨĻʦҪõĶܻ࣬һųų棬ı취ƻЦ˵
̧ͷһۣ֪ĵģֻ˵Ϸġ
ϷȴЦ㵹̧áȻһ·ƻϱţȻôĸҵúúøһ·
·ģһʱ䡣
ƻ뿪ʱɫЩÿˣŮ˳ʲôҲʵ̫鷳ˡ
̵鲻ΪϷҲһ·ҿűƻ·ÿˡ
ĺÿˣȻƻⲻ˵ġ
㵽ڴʲô⣬ΪʲôҸ㻭ôһ̻ûסʵȴʶĺƻ־룬ʲôӴǲ룬Ȼϣϴŵˣƻһ־ηĸо
ƻһֻۣ̫УʵһЩ飬ҵæˡ
㣡֪̾ͲʲôԼųĿģǰںĸǰȫһֱһαСˡ
ƻЦЦѵ𣿡
˵仰㲻ٸֱӻ˻ӡ
ôŻܿʵϷ̨Ǳ߳ʲô£
ûСƻЦŰϷ˰йȥ˵ˡ
֮󣬰ܿͷϾ񶼵Ĺ嶼μӵĵᣬһҲǿԵġ
ƻһתͻȻһ⡣תͷŰܿҪ֮ǰ˶֪˻ԼֻһͷϵĻԼҶ֪ˣҲͲʽʱҲ˳ˮ׷ĬʱҪڣҲûʲô취
Ļ̲ܿסЦֻ˵飬ô뵽ôġ⵹ȷʵһð취
ϸϷ밲ʱұһ£Ӧ㴫ˡƻ˵
˵ֻ⣬ܿ뵽û¶裬˵ĻӦ°빦ɣƻΪʲôϵһأ
飬Լܸ㶨ҪİƻȴֱӾܾˡ
ܿ΢΢ҡҡͷһִֻô򵥡
ʲô飬Ҫú˵ײǡ˵
ƻ΢΢ü㶼֪ˣ˭ģ
˭ĻⶼûйˣҲǱ̸ܶûءܿ˵ţһߵĽЦЦ
 

ھʮ ˼

ŰܿĻƻȴ֪ôֻĻֻһִ㲻⣬ʲôӰġ
ǲԸ˵ܿ˵˵飬Ҳ˵ʲôĻЩȻʮָмƻ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôֻϣԼܿԼģĪˡ
ƻĬΣҲҪ˵ȴ˽
С㣬ﳳҪͷˡ
ĸŮһۣƻɡ
ͷ˽·ʮֹӣƻüǴ㻻һ
˺С밲
Ѿ˵㳳Ҫǣʲô˵ɡƻɲһף˵
һȴҲס˵ūֻţԺѾˣϷȻûдūҺôҲøϷǡ
ԭƻȷʵ˲ˣܴԺУȷʵ˵ȥ͸һȥϷ밲ɣԺʲôš
˵Ҫȥи飬Ҫ㡰ͷšҪȴɡ
ǣʵ֪С⼸տС㣬ղ֪᲻ȥϷ밲
ȷʵṇ̀ƻЩϧôӦһһտûпȥϷ밲˰ɡ
̧ͷʵʲôеľ뺮صĲá
ƻ⸱ӣЦһˣϷ̨ҪĻϷ˵ʱҲڳͬġ
ȷʲô£Ȳ԰һЩֵͷ˵һ磬ūҾϵȺ򡣡
ƻ˵ͷ˵ǹð⼸ôҲʶûйʹء
ﴹ߬ȭүǸΪʦÿӦʮֵæµɡ
æµƻЦţæµʱҵ鷳ҷ¶ҪһŶҡ컹Ϸ˵ķһء
͵̧ͷƻǺ⣬ֿٵĵͷȥСƽʱһȻٺòġ
ţôȻٺòġƻЦЦûʲô°ɡ
ָһˡ
߳ȥİܿ͵͵̾һҲһŮӡ
ɴûоǿƻ˰ܿһۣдżֲá
ܿ΢΢һЦﲻижˣ˵ǷӶ΢΢ҡһ£ƷΣҲһĸס
ƻȴΪ⣬ΪĸףӦúúýе̲ǡǸģݳ𣿡
ܿҲԼͬ뷨ڿЦˣЦǰ̵ƻôŮӦһĸװɡ
ƻ̿Ȼ
ڶ죬ƻҲûˬԼŰϷԺȥ·ȴɳ
С㡣︣˸ӡ
ƻˣոմϷ𣿡
ǡĿԱߵİһۣϷⲻǶź⼸ЩϷһǲǸЩϷǻϸһıӡ
ƻЦЦˡ
ᣬᡣת˸ͷǸոշְһ㣬ӴҲأղôЩ
ҧҧţȻˡ
긮Щ飬һޣʲôʱֵ澡Լǰҫպûʱôޣ
ѽ˼Ҷ˵죬һ˶һȦڷ˴ǰ̺ţҲֲЦ˵
⸱εȻðţҲһԵƻʮֵĲϲŲոðһͷѾſӣԺ󻹵ˡ
ﻹб𣿡ƻǸȴĸ밲ˡ
ЩĿһۣһɨҲʶԼƺ̫໰ˣϽԶԲܵСϷ밲
ƻ˵ͷȻƹϷԺȥ
һǶƻڸͻȻôʮֵľǶɻΪʲôҪԼԸ
˼ǱѾ߽Ϸ˵ԺӣԼһһҪúõı֣ȥ
˵жٹμӣܽʶˡ˵ƾҪƻӵĻˣԲô˳
֣˵Ϸ˿ƻ̴߽Цݣƻˡ
Ůĸ밲ƻҲЦ˵ŮˣĸĪ֡
Ϸϰߵĳ֣Լߣ̧ͷ㿴һԵİüͷ΢΢һ塣
 

һ 

ǰһ檸Ϸ밲
һƺϷ˵üͷԽЩ㲻źˣܵʲô
￴һƻͷ֪Լ˵ڷǱѾЩʱˣһֱҲûϷ밲ʮֲСϷ밲
ˡϷ˲ͷĻ˻֣ʲô檼檵ģոûĳƺ밲˭㲻ɣ鷳С㡣
Ͻͷһӵģ
ĿƻȻ֪ģȻôҪȴᣬȻðһѡ
ĸȷʵѾڻӴ˲ˣȥҺĸҲҪˡƻЦ˵
ϷȴΪ˵ʲôģźĸױӦġ
ƻϷ˵ĸ첲˵ĸôҲһõĸסôȥǶҪԹ֮ˡ
ЩɵĿƻ˶ˣʲô
Ҳϴս˵ƻͲָʹڷҲûźܿĸŮʮֲȻ
תͷֿŰϷʵȻСҲô˵ȴӻɣ㻹ҵԺ𣿡
źϷȻūҵҡ˵
ô˵Ϸ˷ˣһۣ㻹ǻԼԺӰɡﲻȱźˣôʱйҲõˡ
ȻôɴĴӦˣ˵ūұҪźϷ˵ġ
˵ˣﲻȱ𣿡ϷЩõ
ƻҲԱ˵ȻϷ˵˼ͲҪˣϾҲϷ㡣
ǿ˵ͷūҾлϷˡ
Ϸŵ˵ͷûʲô°ɣС㻹Ҫ˵
ǡȥȴһֱް֪ΪʲôƻҪû뵽Ϸ˼ƻƴӵĵز
Ŷ̶̵ļ죬ôᷢôı仯ЩڣʵǲӦ÷ҪϷ˵ԺŽֺϷˣ˭֪ʧõĻᡣ
ְοԼô΢һЩճģֻҪԼ¹ˣԼʧȥĳ綼ٴλصԼġ
뿪֮Ϸƻѵ֪һʡĵģôҪųŰ˶ӡ
ƻϷ˵ĸ첲ϣĸĸ׻ڲУæϷ̨飬ʵûа취ֻϷ˰ҿˡ
˴ĶͷϷ˵ǸС˾
ƻŶͷɵЦˣһĸ˵ء
ʲô£ϷЦ˵Ϸ̨鲻¶𣿡
ƻҡҡͷϷ̨£ǹڻԼ¡
ŶϷ˵ǲʲô⡣
ƻЦЦҲûзֻ˵ͻȻϰѻԼôҪͻȻһܸоӳ̶ȣʱҪҲӵѡȰϢɣ˱Ҳֻ鲻ոͻһͷĻԼˣȻ˶Ѿ֪ˣʱҲ̫ʽ飬ֻܿĬ
Ϸ֮ĵͷЦ˵и⣬һ⡣Ҳ˼⣬һҲȥ
ƻЦмֲ˼ҲҲһʱ뷨ֻǾҲûʲôеİ취ֻôһȨ֮ơ
ͷϷ˿佱뷨ܺãӪһϲӵļ˾ҪʣҲԲǾǻ㡣ʱֻ¸
ƻֻе˼ʮֵ˼ȴҲûпʡ
ҳ緹ɣûһ緹ˡϷ˵
ƻ˵ͷҲرϲĸ緹
Ϸ̲סһЦһ¸ϲʲôҾԡͻȻ뵽Ӧгɡ
УԺҲûó⿵ˣҸгϷﲻǲ˽𣿡ƻ·˵
Ϸ˿һۣдż⣬ĸ׻ˣʳӦע⡣ǰС򿪰ɣںҼ͹ȥ˶˵ԺҲͲżСѾ߰ɣûµôСҾһ֣ùûѾߣһ͹ȥ
ϵƻ̾ҪһСϷȴһˡ
Ȼ֪ҲûãӻҪģУֻҺĸˣ⼸ѾͷѾ㹻ˣʵǲҪôˡ
ϷЦ֪һ˵Ժож¹ùһˣѾжʮ߸˱ù𣿡
 

һһ Ժ

Ϸ˵ĻƻһģЩ͵˵ȻҪô𣿡
ϷЩ˵⻹һŮųΪһŮߵӦǡСҲûʲôźˣŲӦġ
ƻͷһжĸɡ
Ϸĵ˵ͷ
磬ֱ֣˶ͽ˻ӣԺӵˣƻҲûرı顣
ָ֣ǰһŮ˵ǹعùãһֱϷԺеģϷ˲ڵʱڴϷԺе񡣡
عùø˸ݼС㡣
ƻûʲôرı飬ȶûУֻЦŵعùˡʵҲڲźۼĴ
ŵ壬ͷĹϸµͿһۣרעγһ֪һҲʮصˡȻǺܲģֻǿϧϷ˵ˡ
ָ֣Ա˵ֺͽ֡
ƻɲɫȴûнӦϷʱģҲһͲϷ˵ˡ
ݼС㡣ͬ
λ񡣡
ִ֣ЩƣʼմЦҲʮֵºͣЩסڽ֣ĵЦʵ̫ԣ޷ʡ
ָ֣źİ˸Ѿ˵ЩϷѾߡָмһԳѾ˵㣬źϷ˵һѾߣϷ˾»ȱС㡣
ָһòµѾ˵ƣϷźĶѾߣļѾߡ
˸滹ʮѾߣЩūһЩʹѾͷ¶壬СȽðɡ
ֵ֣۹ȻûдģˡƻЦ˵
֣Ц˵СˡָһߵļŮ˵ЩϷ˶ԼԺĳ˻ǲġ
ƻͷ˵Ǿȥٰ߰ɡʲôҪĶҡ
Ӧһ뿪ˡ
ֻ֣û뿪˼ƻ֪룬Ϸ֪ΰЩ˵ġ
Ҳûйֱ֣֣ӶԹعù˵عùüȻܹܵϷ˵Ժӣ⻪ȻҲͲڻ£ԺԺӵ¾Ҫùˡ
ūһСʧعùõͷ˵ҲмֵϲɫϾȻ˵ǹܹϷԺӵˣǱϾһԺӣֻҪÿɨˡʵȨְֵ񰡣
Ա϶м֮ɫֻΣϵ۾ʵ̫ˡ
ƻԽ˵Ժƹܺɡֿ֣־ǰԺչˡ
ĻֵȻˣǽȴЩֱ˵ūȻûʲô£ҲһֱǰԺźģǰҲźϷ˵ģ
⻰ֶ֣üͷƻȴ治ɫһ³ȵˣȻ߶͡ȻԺԼĳԺ󲻹ǲҪֲĲǡ
һ򣬽ִֵЦ⣬С㿼ǵܵ
֮⣬༸϶¶ּ
ƻֶ˵֣ԺĸźɡֿŹعùãùԺ͸ߡ
ʣµļѾߣƻ˵Ժĸ׷еĽһźΪһѾߡָָԵΪѾߣҲĸ׷ź򡣡
һƣԺҷеһѾߣͽһڷź򡣡ԵѾͷȻҲΪ˶Ѿߡ
ĴʹѾͷƻ˼صĶѾߣźȻԺеĴʹѾߡ
ߵĽˣƻѳ˽ͽ֮Ķ˶Ѿߡ
һһ֮ǰĿкɢһӱý
Źعùúλֵǵסȥƻ˵ȥһЩ˵ס
ѾӦһ㶼ˡ
Ժӵ˺ܿɢˣֻƻ֣֡
ƻԵݸ֣һĹĵС˵֣һˣ⻪еˡ
֣ҲûƴǣЦСˡǰϷ˵ķԸ°ˡ
ǷȥһĸףƻЦʵ
һŻȥϷ˸ǲˣһ밲ֻ֣ؾ
ƻҲûж˵ʲôֻӦ뿪ˡ
תֽݣܿʵٺˣ
ƻ˵ͷһˮһڣ˵Щ˻Ҫ۲һ󡣡
ԺɶϷ˵ˣԺҲҪСһЩҲĻǱ˵һʱʱ˷ˡܿ˵
Ӧƻһ۰ֻܿ˵һ֪ͨһġ
 

һ 

գƻһˣźϴ
žеԼƻ΢΢üͷŽбҪͿ𣿡
Ц֪Сۣ֬Ѿױˡ
һ˵԰С㣬Ҫȥи磬Ҳܷ첻ʩ˵ʱ˶СױݣСͲԼϵױˡ
ۼŽһҡҪͷϲ壬ƻһץס֣˻ͷϵӲҡ˰ˣôȥӶҪѹˡ
˿ͷϵļӣֻźķеĲҡһмֵΡ
ɹعùƻҪ˽һƻŽ߳ʲôģϽСױͷôôأϷ˲Ľϡ
ѾߵͷһΪѣƻ˵Ҿˣǡ
عùһ㶣·ݵС㣬ôУոĵС㣬ôܱһѾߴĻء
ЩƻȻ֪ĲͷӵĻԼѾˣúװҲעĿ
ƻӣعùֵȰū֪С㲻ͷոĵŮģ񶼹ŮݲС͵ͿԵġС㻹ҪóŮķȡ
ùãҲôͷΣôŮķˡƻЩΣãҴ𣿡
عù΢΢һЦ˽ŵһߵĲҡͷϲ˵ūϷ˵һ仰ŮͷϲӵʹݣҲҪܵġ
ƻ˾һۣлùá
󣬹عùҲûͷϲ̫ͷΣֻǻһЩӻȥҡǲ˺ܶ࣬ļ;䣬ȷʵݸӵĽġ
ָһɫϽѩ׵ȹǽɫƣ߶䲨ԡԵ˽£ͷͷεĻҲѹһЩ
ƻžеԼҲЩʧԼԼ뷨Ѿһ˪Ůˣ⾵еԼȴһŮģֻ˫۾ƺԼӡеԼ
һߵҲЩˣ̾СĲǾϵŮ𣿡
عùҲ㶣Ц˵ū澶ˣƾСòʹҪЩͷҲһеĶͷ
ƻҲع־ҪͷϵӣҰ¼
˸ϽǰһѰס֡
ҵС㣬ɺúͣһ°ɣε
ʰ׵ƻȥܿ˵һȥϷˡ
Ϸ˿߽ƻҲһޣ֣Ѿͷƽ̫ˣ㿴㿴⾫µüֱۣǹµͯŮ
ƻһ͵ģһֻԼĸҪ˵ˣҶ˼ˡ
ϷһЦƻԼĻЦУ˵ˡҪĲܼˡ
ĸƻһͷ
ϷЦĸӿ֣˵ǰҷԸùǹƵõϻҲ˿ɲˡ
˵ŰҲ˽˴ĶʮֵĻɫۡ
Ϸ˴С밲ﻺһݣȻ̬ǧҲû֮ǰ֮ʡ
Ҫ˵б£صԼԺӵĵ죬һճԼԺȻ˵ҹճҲûҹǲ֮󣬱ҹҹ˰
Ҳ֪ʲôӣҲճ˵Ϸȥ磬ǰҲˡ
ȻˣǾ߰ɡϷ˶ĸŮɫ䵭ȴֵ֣ӹԸƻˣ˽ӡ
ƳһۣĶʻҪˡǰĸҲûԸʲô
һ˴Ϸ˸ſͣ
ճϣǰ棬һ˱㳯Żʹȥ
·ϻ뼸Ӳڶճ˴кϷ͸ֲмƻ۾ߵĶ΢΢һЦôһôģ
ƻмֲ˼˵һ֮ûгţһֵӡ
ϷŷӦԭֵϵģ˵Ҳǣĸ׺ˣҲŹһ䡣
𣿡ƻһľϲ¶˼
ϷЦĸӵᣬȻģʱȥѩ
˵ƻЦ˵ǲѩģǶΪǻѩģҲһء
Ϸ˵ͷԣҲûȥˣ֪÷ˡ
һ·ţûжñ㵽˻ʹſڡ
 

һ ʺ̬

ճվ˵Ϸˣǵڶˡ
֪ˡϷӦһʾ֣ӡ
֣ȥϷˣҲҪƻ³
һռҵĳӣĿѾйټڷзĴԣܶ˶һռҴС㷼ݣ˵Ҳ͸ӵȡ
̴˳ССľһˣòȻϳˣټϾµױݻķΣ˺Ҳѣֻǲ˶ϳոĶС㡣
ĿּеϷ˵ϣֻȴһֻ֣Ƥϸָۣ׵Ľӽ͸̽һ˶ס˺üĿֽ߷ģıƺЩţ͸̲סϧ
һƻ̸ܵĴߣѾüϵıȴƵĺܺãŽһԼ·
ʼնûܿƺûвЩ˵ߡ
ϷȻҲˣϴż⣬ƻ֣߰ɡ
ƻ̧ͷЦŵ˵ͷгļܰ˸ڻ
ҲʶͷѾƻˣ͸˼ֺ⣬ڰٵ߽˹š
һ߽ڹƻҲһ̶̵ļ£ʱĻʹȻѾģˣڻʹׯشҲǷֺڹϣ̲סҴ˵
Ȼֹƻһ˾ȣߵϷҲЩȣϻ¶˼ּСʹ֪жשո׵ġ
ƻͷֻû
ڹ֮󣬹Ǳ԰Уε
԰һҲǾ˾ĵĲãջѤĿɴƣɾһ㡣
мͤУѾΧˡ
ռŮҲ˹ȥһһ
ҲǻʺվǶϷ˵ѽϷôˡ
ʺɲϷ˹
ʺϽЦϷﻰתͷƻϵЦӵĲãǴС˰ɣǸƵģ
˵ŰƻԼߣһӣϣѾͷϿģӱŰɡ
ƻһܳģƺЩӦһ㣬ֻ㶵ĿŻʺ󣬰켷һ䣬лʺƺòּһ䣬ʺĺһ㡣
ûʺЦӴС𡣡
ϷҲһЦѾͷ񣬻ʺĪ֡
ֲ֣ϲĽءʺЦ˵ЦҲ˼ֵ⡣
һʼҪȢһСѾͷЩͬ⣬쿴ѾͷڵòټȣҲûô಻Ըˡ
ʺ̧ͷһϷİĸŮֻЦЦδ˵Ϸ˵̫Ҫ֪Ϸˣ֪жˣԱߵĴϢҵϷҲȥˣҲȥ˵˵ɡ
ϷҲ֪ڳЩСһв㣬Ӧƻ֣뿪ˡ
ԺƻƺЩӦͷȸղŵ͵ĸˣֻһߵģ˿ûųϲ̨ӡ
ͻʺȻദǢеĶʻֱҪԼȼˡҲѧԼϻǴżЦġ
ʺߵСǣƻûһûжģϾ˭֪ʹѾ˻Լֿʺ⸱еӣƺ֤ʵ˻ԼĴڡ
ʺƻ˵ЩֿһС˵Ҳ˵ˣģȥĴɡ
СǷ׷վԻʺ
￴˿һҵĹǣȻûҪ뿪˼һ̡
һ·Ӧסƻĸ첲㣬ܸ𣿡
⸱ӣƻȻ֪Ǵʲô⣬סĸ첲ðøҰɡ̧ͷ԰˵ġ
ϵĲһǻЦŵ˵ͷ
һС뿪ͤӣȥһԶһˮͤ
һͤ̷ſƻĸ첲վһĵطһǣ˹ϵӡǺһģεС˵ƺѾʶ
ƻԼһڽֵУһߵʳʼʼι
ôʣȻñͿ˳۵һСʮֵĿһ۵Ƴ
ûʲôӦʶǸС㣬ͻȻ˵˵ռҴСմ춼ûжãôŴɵɵģ˵ᡣ
һСҲ͵ǰϾ춼û˹̣ܽǴûĳϰɡ
ôҲһС㣬⸱СӵʲôһµС˵
 

һ ż

ЩСƻͲᣬſι㡣
һߵƺʮֵļ˵Ҳô˵ҽ㣬Ͼʮһ궼춼ΪʣûмĳҲġƽʱڸͲô߶ġ
һСߵ֮ЦҲ֮
һռҵӣȻͼΪǲһС˵
ǣҲԼʲô·С˵
ͻȻһʿɶֹɣһٷɫŮϴżֲ͡
Ӵû˵С㣬㼤ʲôŮ
Ů˵㲻֪СѾ;ҲˣҲǻʺıңɲǵúúõֺԺĴ𣿡
ϰ֣ЩȰ㲻Ҫ˵СϴżɫȻĿС㡣
СɲᱻһˣЦһôĳ˵ˡⲻֺʲô
ƻҲ뿪ˣתͷŽ⼸С㣬Ǻ̹ϵӣȺ֣һһѵġ
ǶҺʹӵĻԼܴ󣿡żСʵ
ŮЦһôǴǰڼ𣿡
һɿ𣬡С㻹ǲҪΪѽˣҪڻʺǰһ״ǿǳԲ˶ߡ
ǣȥ˵ˣ˭ġĻŮһƻơ
ҪõļС㣬̸͵С˵ʲôôûأ
ƻֻĿǣһδ
񿴵ãҲֹͣЦֻ΢ûһСѾͷɢôôëȻ
Цˣƻ˵Լǻ϶µģǾûϵ۹ⲻãǾûϵ˼ΥžҲӦΪӣ
ôһñӿһС̳ĬС㷴ӦѸ˵ǿû˼ֻǾ䲻ϴӰˣǿûҪΥϵ˼
СҲŵͷ
ûǵãϾǣҲ˵˵ġƻ͸ź⣬ֻǾ䲻ϴӣѵԼ𣿡
ǻӦƻ˵һһΣҺôҲǻѡģʺĬϵģǼȻһϣΪʲôûѡء˶˵СİҽΧȴ˵ֺңɼСҲʮּءǼȻ˭ϣΪʲôûһԸǶһԼأ
㣡СΪŭЩȣݣҿΪոӸеģǰʱ仹˵ˣСС꼶ǺݶﻹһΪһŮеȡ
ƻЦЦ㲻Ҳ֪ոĵŮ£սѵͲܽѵѵСѵûôһã
⻰˵꣬ĸС㿴̵ҲЩ仯ǶǸеĵŮȻûʲôɫǴһҲһЩС¡
ֿʼ˸Сһˡ
Сı仯жƻĺһ̨סҪǸûлѾΪƽ޵ʱԼҲǵŮˣڻֵõ硣
ȴһίͰ͵ӣǰҲã˽㷢ҲӦġֻǽȴҵڷһ¡
ǺݶС˵ҲѪֵܽã˭ҲôģҪٵԼõɣ
һԵС㿴˿ƻмֲŵģԵı˱ˡ
ԭΪСԼ˵˻ƻſڵģڿҲˣǾЩ͸ˣֻһŮĸףֻƣûõȾͲǾȻҪ治֪ǵĸ֪ˣ߻᲻ġ
ЩСǿ̵͸ӵĲһˣŮҴ˵ĸҲ̫޷治ˡҪǷѰ˼ңֱ͵ׯȥҲǿܵģƻμᣬƻѾʮֵˡ
ֿ˿ͤһȺ˵ЦİҲ˼ֵıġոҲǺܲ񻰣ȻһμôҪᡣ
ҲͱûڼƻԶ̡
ﶼҪըˣúõģôԼЩþȻԶԼˡ
ͣˣƻҲ˵ʲôתſˮͶʳ
еĽ׷˹ʳŪ˲Сˮ
С㿴˿̲סߴ˴գллСոҽΧ
 

һ ἰ

ƻƳһС㣬䵭Ҫ˵ΧСȰҵİˡ
䵭СҲģǿΧһ˵˵ЦЦСǣʵڲǣοԼҲܼǵġ
ǾƻߣǲղСĻԼʲôᣬ˵С㲻ҪᣬҲΪղС˵Ϊ;лԼŰС˵ġʵ̫ˡ
ƻƳһۣҲʮϵӣȻܲǻŶȹһỹǿԵġϾֳϱ˹Ҳʵǲÿ
С㲻÷ϣôҲͲˡ˵
ϵıԻһЩСҲһЦ˵Ǿͺáϸһ۲˵ûмС֮ǰҲʲôӵġ˹Ȼһأ
ôˣƻϵЦЦѵһﲻɡ
С֣ô˵ǹأӦ˵ŮŶԡ˵ſ˿ܵˣ˵׼Һûˣ׼С׷ǱΪ񶼵һŮҿҪϼ֡
ô˵мأСͻȻһ֣԰׼⹫׷ıãȻּƵġ
ʱ׷֣ƻ΢΢һ㶣ָԾս˵ôˣûԼǸأ
С㿴ƻɫͻȻЩˣ̲ԼĻʲôףϽ˵ҶˣСӦûмǱðɡʵǱǸҲҪ˵ġ
عƻɫҲԻָһЩ΢΢ҡҡͷȴЩ΢䣬һ治֪һһôƯıãпջǵúúõʶʶȻ˿Ѿѵ룬ݸһߵĽˣ㻮ҵ֣߹Ůһ
СҲע⵽ѿˣô£ôأ
ĳϣЩ˰ɡƻİ˰֣˵ҵǿܶ˶ͦԾģֻΪҵĳ𣿡
СЦҾͲ֪ˣһԾͻôСδء
ƻ˵ͷӹݹʳι㡣
һᣬϸСͻȻ˵ǲҪţȥǱͻϷɡ
ðٲȥ㶼Ҫĳ˸ˡСҲЦ˵
ƻ΢΢ü˿Ѿŵĺܴ󣬻ڲͣʳĽǣץʳһ٣ְʳŽ
СֺȻһЦ
СЦȻûмģι㶼ᣡ
ЦվȻϲǼƻȴҲһߣϾҲĹŮ֮һռռ˾ͰˣҲܳ˺
ϵı͸ӵľˣЩ˷ǵûĹƻδܾǵȦӡ
һ߳ͤӣһ΢տĵطܲõʮ־£ʻİڷҲнʮС
﹬ŮѾ׼˰͵ӣԱ̣бīֽһЩС⣬ЩСǾۻ˵ϷˡһԻвߣټиѬ㣬ЩȻǿλС㼼ܵġ
һСϯضû֮ǰľнҲһЩ
СһߵĲߣЦҪ˵õĵС㣬ֻûôܺˣСһɣСĪҪ
ƻһۣҪ˵С㱿˵ǻˡոյС㣬ַʽ£
СƳһۣҲżְɫ㶼˵ҵĲõģ㻹Ǳ׳ˣѵþ۵һҾһҳ
һСȻʮֵߵĶʺǱ߶ע⵽ˣϼҷϴԺȴ˵ţѾͷһ⻹ڻʺǰأ
ʺ̿Ц޷޷ʹҲĺܣֱﲻ֪ˡ
̾ȻҪ˵ϼοһһǵҲӺá
ƻСĳŲߣôҲڹŴһˣѾİ˲裬һ۾ܿû汾¡
ˮʮָУ֪һ¹๤ġ
Ĺһݺˣһ˲磬ƻӣҲ̾һ䣬ò衣
Сô˵ǽͷһݸ㣬һɡ
ƻҲûоܾýӹţζִŴ㣬СڵĺһڣȻǴ㣬̾һԭǼ÷ֲмҲԼĿޣ¶Ҳãһò衣
С㵹û뵽ȻĶ裬࿴һۣ΢Щ¶ȣлȷʵǼ÷
 

һ 

С㻹мСķȣƻ˵ͷȻͷ΢΢۾мֵܣûкĲˡ
ʺǱĿҲĲУʺߵĹŮһȡ
СȻ˵ĲУϽ˼裬ùŮ͹ȥ
ʺ󼰸λһҲǸϣϷϵԺ֮ɫǲҲزס
һԵ̿СͷѾʵĲУֿʲôûɵƻȻҲ˷ͷвʣ˵Ȼ裬ȻҲһҲһ
ô˵λСҲƻС˼ƣмڴԼһòµĹֻԼ֪ߵȻгޣȴûһֱ׸û˿ķС
˿ˣлʺţƻҲûз˵ӣ΢΢һЦǾ׳ˡ
¯̿¯ϵˮٵķڣ㿪ʼ̲ߡЩȻСĲ趼һ£Ҳˮֻ˼־н˼ѣˮҲġ
С㿴ţϵııøӡһˣȻҲǻģȴû뵽ҰѾͷȻԼ£䣬Ĳ֪ǴܻǼʵĺá
˲裬ƻȵһݸС㣬ӦС£Ҳڵġ
СӹŵǼһţֱͨٺľԷˡͷһڣмֹ⻪ֿٵĺһڣм־ϲĿƻ÷÷裬ʿڡ
ƻҲԼһȻݸλС裬˵ǰǷ÷ӣȻЩᵫϺõȴµĴ䡣СĲ÷˱˹
˵źһڱĲ裬ȻݵĲúȵġ
СҲЦС㵹һȤˡ
һСűĲ裬Ҳмָӣ̸豭ûнӡ
ʺǱȻҲȥ˼ʺһҲʮֵľ棬ѱеĲȹ߿ƻȻýѲһ˹ȥ
ʺδĶϱϲĲˣһߵİɫ˼֣Цҷ廹ǲˣһôѾͷġ
εЦŸ͡
һߵķҲЦŸͣϷ˼֮ǰƻǰСûʺע⵽ҲͶƻӡ࣬δĴԺȻ
ҲЦɲС㲻ֻǳóڣɣҲǻʺĺøأ
ʺҲЦţҲûз仰൱ڱĳ˴ƻĻԼɡ
λ˲źۼĿ˿ԷȻҲʮֵ
֪ʺѾעߵĶλСҲҪչʾԼܵ˼
ǱСѾվߵٱߣЦȻҵôߣҾ͵һΪ˰ɡ
һõСҲվóĵӣΪ
С㿴һۣмֲˣȻʹҪѹ˼˵ĵĴûаֵĬȻ˶Ѿʮ裬һȴʮֵ⣬ͬһͷۡ
һϣҲ࿴ᣬֱԷԶĵطȥˡ
ʺߣֻЦЦûжԣλ˵ȴ¶ʮֵ֮ɫƳ˶ԷһۣҲ
һЩָֻ˼ֵЦ⡣
ƻҲֻûпֻǵͷԼĲ裬С˵䣬ҲС˵ϼ仰˵ֻۣȴףһ˲Ҫ࣬Ҳ˵ߺ͹ע
С㻹ûзҪͷĻᣬƴչʾԼСһ⣬Աŵ̾ȻҲûж
һλС㵯һӣûб˵ĵңҲʺҲ˼
λСķȻҲʮֵĽһߵ˸вʣ߿˿Сʹһɫ
С㿴һۣ΢΢üվѾǴԼǴ棬Ȼĸʧ
ǰһվЦ̣־Щˣ֪˭һ̡
һֱδжСվұСһ̰ɣ弼׾ӣС㲻Ҫ
һۣСҲ΢΢һЦﻰСǡ
СĶãִڰӣ
ƻһۣ֪СǾԲСĶ֣ҲͶⳡûаȤ
ǿ˿һߵһ֧˼ͷļָתתֱ˹ȥ
֧ӦУƻ΢΢ü򵥵飬ȷʵܸ˵һЩС
һȴͻȻһ˵û뵽С㻹֡
 

һ 

˸Ͻȥֻһп˹ֵҲ
ʺͤ߳ôŹһƻûкСݵĲ裬СݵĲ費ء
ƻСһۣȷʵϧһ»ҪͷλΪһС
˵ʲôֻСϲͬƻȴЩ䵭Щ⡣
Ϊ˸裬һ춼ĻΪʲô񶼻ʵ۵ߣʮҪõӣ
ȻҲһ۾ͿȻ֪һ֪Ĳ񻰣ǿʢװģЩ鲻ԽΪ㵹ǿԵƺһֿʼð˵ΪʲôҪʢװ磡
ɣɡøʲôʲôΪҹľнЦʺһ߽ͤУ˿Щпʾǿ⡣
Ϊп͵ĵλСҲн࣬Ҫһµ˼ȴˣϾλҪλǰúñ֣ΪԼĽ
ǸͶһ˵ϣɫӣʮֵأûʲô顣ߵļ꣬ȴ񲻶ϵƻƳȾ˺ϼ
᪣ҲʮֵĿϻмδȥ̧ͷһƻֵͷȥϵĺϼɫߵļֺЦ
ƻֻǵͷװûȴѾһĥˣ֪ߵغĻСӣ˶ҵǣˣµҲˣ
ûйãпǱҲûôнˣĻΧҲСص
ӰӦСС㣬弼ȫ񶼷ϣ϶ðϸɼϵƴɱǶôļҡ
ƻС裬λ˹ƷһͲ衣
С㿴һ߿ߵЩ޵ߣһƻͦģ߲˭ҪȻʧɫˡ
ƻɫĿ˿ܣС˵Цҷвڿġң֮ǰҲ˵ˣݵĲûĲ£Щ˹ǻǺȵĹģҵĲһʰˡ
ЦЦСתͷҲĻǼɣҽĹҲʵȻ㣬Ҳò㣬ҿɵòôע
ƻҲ΢΢һЦ˾ԼеĲ豭ǼȻ࿴ᣬǲͺɡ
СЦ˼֣ҲѧӾ˾еĲ豭һЦȻٱһ
֮С˵һź˰ɡƻָһ裬Ц
СȴּãȻɣǳ飬ǻŲΪ˸һӣԼһӣȻǼ޵ԽԽá㣬ȴǲżˡ
֮ǰ˵ܿһˬˣȴû뵽ȻҲ̹Ȼ
ƻ΢΢һ£̲סҲ¶ʵ뷨ŵڸҲδغãһʺԼġ
Сһ˵ᣬ㻹湻ġѵܾܾҵײɣҲǴӿӣһСﻹأ
⻰ƻ̲סһЦ㵹Ǹ˵˵
Сһ˳ӣ˵ȥŰ
ƻЦѵΪңǰ¶Ŀ𣿡
㲻ҲǣС㿴һЦƺܵʻʧȥ˹ʣˬЦˣΧСǶҪˮˣ
ƻЦſΧһۣɺײһϵЦһ̽ͷºһڲ衣
ȴʮֲζô䵽һŮ˵Ĵ׶ҪԣǵĳѾͷȻƻЦôġţ̲סݺݵĵһС㡣
УСһ̧ͷɿڿԼϵЦҲһϽߵĵͷһڲ衣
̧ͷѾ뿪ˣЩ䣬ƻ˵֪֪ղŸڻǸ˭Ҵûм
ƻһߵӣеһƣŶͿʼзˡ
ȴûʲô飬ҡҡͷҲûм
˵Żֻһ
תͷȥԭһԵĻһΧΧŲٵС㣬мӸ磬϶һ͵ģ
ϺͻʺҲߵľߡ
ƻϿ˿ĲС
һԵĹŮλչʾſԭ˴ʱ԰еĳСɢڸ壬ʻأдʵľˡ
ؼôһĹȻܳɻȷм汾¡
ƻţֲôʱ䶼ûжԭǾǵŻϺпǵ¶һ֡Ͼ֪ɻʱҲʮֵҪ
 

һ ޷

ƻҲֻǿһۣ㽫ͷתˡ̲ͷָûʲôϵں
һߵСЦһõмֵı¡
ƻֻǵʯͷԼĽžͳɡ
СЦЦָһ裬˱㿪ʼͶ
̵ĻȻע⣬˽õǰ˰죬ְ̽˹ȥ
˵ⲻʱģϴż档
̹ĵͷػϣȷʵСŮðʱġ
˸ƣʱګګлĻᣬʵ˵áȻתͷճ˵ŮȻǸ˵á
ճЦô⣬ˣ׳׳ˡ
ȻҲʮֵǫ顣
һߵİȴ㣬˵ж֪С㲻ֹʱ̣ܻءոϷ̨ɣҪһСѾ깤ˡ
Ϸ̨΢΢һҲЩȣոϷ̨׶أ滭ôĻ
ճ԰ѵ⻭ˣô˵ǰȻ˵񣬻Ī֡
ᣬᡣ˰֣Ķ⻭мֵȤǿ̻Լߣܻǰ޷Ļ
ʺ飬ҲЦһʵǿϧ
Ա߲Ǵ˻ǷȻ鲻һҲŻϺͻʺ
ճЦǻԸȺǱȥȡҲǿԵġ
𣿡Цʵ
⵱ȻȻӱ޲ʱһܿˡҲһ˵
һ۰ӡͣոϵƱ磬Ĳ廰鲢죬Ҳûоܾȥȡˡ
ƻС𣬵ûעĿǡ
Ӱƻͷʱ̧ͷ㿴˴᪵Խͦεˡ
վ˸ӣݼӡ
һ߶СҲվ
𡣡᪵ȻδȥĺΣȴҲʮֳȣֻǿλСãҲЩˣҲԡ
ƻ󷽣ֻ΢΢˵ͷȻ裬ʱĺ棬λǣ
᪱λǸʵıʿĹͣ
ƻ΢΢ͷı𣿡
迴һװɵӣֻѱڻúһȴһƬºЦҵı
ƻ˵ͷֻ֡
΢΢һЦ𣿡
˶ӵģ᪺С㶼Щ֡
СķӦѸһЩ񡣡
Ҳ˹һֱЦݡ
ƻǸӣĬĬķһֱۣ˵Ȼ˶ͶôȤֻˡ
᪱ӽȻҪߣ˵СȤһ𡣡
ƻ̧ͷЦСŮ棬˿ɻ˵ʤ֮ġ
ЦգһصҲмֲȻǻңϽ˵ôᣬôᣬδСĶ֡
ƻԱЦ̵ӣٿһģӵơȻӽڸϣƻܹ뿪
ڵȻ翪ŵȴҲŮģӻǲҪΪչˡ
ŲԼ̹Ǹ³çͻС㡣
ƻһ裬ͻȻֲˡԼߣôԼܰ£òˣ
һҲЦ˵ûдŮܲˡڴ֮ͥ£Ҳ̫СˡֻͶô棬δЩСˣҿǱҲйпĹǲһԡ
ܾС¿˿ƻͶãС㻹ǲҪ̫ǿĺá
ƻЦЦŮһֵȣ˵ʺҲ佫СŮҲϰ䣬ѵڿ𣿡
᪱˵Щƿԣ˵Ҳ޵
СأƻתͷС㡣
См䣬ҲЩΪѣ˿ӻǶƻ˵С㣬ǽնǴʵҪ˵ʵЩ㣬绹Ǹհɡ
һС㣬ֿ˿ԼϵһƻʵмΣֻҾȻԼյװˡ
ᪿ̲סһЦȻʮֿɰĴ³ʤҲһ˸
վͤһֱߵĶƻ˵ЦӣıӶҪˡתתͻȻڵ֪СŮܻľ޷ĻҲܽСҵĻҪġ
 

һ ݺ

ô˵¶˼־ϲ֮ɫƻı¡
ʺһҲЩȣҪ˵մС㣬ɵѰ
ֻһЦûʦڣοûԼ츳ܻҲһȲԼһҪúõһͷǰš
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һߵİȻЦ⣬ȴЩ⡣һĲɵӣ֪Щʲô
ƻɵĵͷ߳˴ɫҲˣĸӦҲ˰ɡһŮһȡ
ϷõĵͷЩˣҲøңЩСǹһɡҿСС㵹̸ͦġȻռҺͰ׼ҵҲ½ĹˣС˾ӣ˵Ժ̫ӵĻ²ܳɣǻʺĸҲﲻá
ƻһһͷȻ˵Ůˡ
֣Ϸ˵ֵĺܺãԺ˭ҲС㡣ʲô鶼ĸ㵣ţҲعСĽˣЩСǰ©ӡԭͱκһ˶㣬ռҶŮطâ
ǣŮĸġƻɵӦšȴŵĺ⣬һΪ룬ʵƻȫȻΪԼ롣
ֻһʮһ겻µŮľͰ˵һˡȻͻΪԼĵˣױŰԸҲױϷơ
ӵĿ϶Ϸ˲ȫٲʵʵΪռҵļ̳ˡ
ֻص԰УѾŵƽʣƻ貣һľ仰ڵƻҫӵĽġ첻ͬǣ԰ĿտѾ˼ӣŸɫ±㣬Ϻõơ
 

һһʮ ˮ

˰λϣΪԲҷĸˣͬλձȴеҪãƱյò֡
ƻһЩСǣȻطߵͣɿʮֵĲˬûԸֱӸ
ҲֵڣСڵĿ±Ǳô֡
ƻûżżˣʵˣȥٵǱһ
һСһꡣط˵СΣ
СȻ˵ͷ˱һ뿪һȥˡ
ƻЦСȥһɡ
㹻˼ЦЦ˱վٺͤ˹ȥ
ƻоߣ㳯ȥһƬƵĵƹ棬ӵִ͡Ц⣬ȻЩֲǵڷ⻹ٷ⡣
Ȼվڰȴϵı鿴һϵЦҲӵᡣԼܹסĿ⣬ֻҪԼͺãԼһӣ
߰ʲôģûиתͷ
ƻŻعҧҧ´ɫˣ
߽ͤűƻĺ棬΢΢̾һ΢΢ϡ
ƻҲĿϣźϲĹӰ
˾ôţŸԵ£˭û˵Ǳ˴֮Ҳûκεĸо
еˣȴ徲
С㵹һõطҲûо˵ֱͬ˽
̧ͷһۣԭһõطϧڲˡ
ƻ˹۾ɶź棬ûд
ҲûĻһ㣬ֱƻ˵ôö֪ԭ㻭Һÿడ
⻰Ӻ˵˵Һǹһ㣬ҪñƵôôôͷЩĹ͡ƻЦ˵ͣںϡ
̺޺޵ҧҧǲͷҲ
⻰ƻתͷЦǰ˵ôҵĴˣ
һĶЦһЦԼ֮ǰȻĴѡ
ڲٿϵı飬̵ǼޣŴӵһֱϣһʮֵĵɣѵҵһжҪ𣿣
Ǹ۾ҵˣڵĶҲ᲻ߡ˵ЩĶԼˣȰ㻹ǲҪФһЩԼ͵òĶƻϵЦҲȫˣֻĿ˵
ֱվǵļ£ҾͲˡȻСҪ˵ĻһûڳʱϾϵռҵ棬ҪռҵõʲôҲʱ̼ǳռң
ô˵̵ʱҲվŭȻ֪ǵļ£ʲôʸ񣡲һСС̼ңǳһССķͷȻ͸ǰţ̼ҵļҽ̿˿ǡ
˵ʲôԭͻЩôһ˵ըˣŭ˭ϡǼҵ£ӲҶĺ𣿼ҽ̣øҲҽ̣
Ѿע⵽ߵƻϽվסעⳡϣô˿أ»
ȴһͼӴ׵㿴ӲǺоøûʲô̼ҲǴозҶѣûʸҽ̣
һȻ̼Ҷ棬ԭѾЩ侲³ŭˣǰһ־Ҫϴȥ
̾һƻ߶˶㣬ȴɲҪ
ƻмЩ˶ǣֻܾ
֮䣬Ѿİˣò׽סƻǰһߣͻȻһ£һҪȥ
ԭҲѾһߣƻϵóѵЦŷӦһвƵġ
װӣһס̣һֱ·䵽ͤ
ȴΪһЩĲȣһֻŰסһֻţӲܿƵķˣֱ価ˮ
᪱һֱעƻҪˮļ˹ȴÿƻץ̷ɻͤȴק˯ˡ
һ٣ЩŵĿһƽƻȻղҲ鼱֮£ǱϾãôĺĽϽˮϸһ޶ԵģһĶƻļ£һ˲ƽ࣬ԽƻĴ³񣬿Խʶ壬ԲȢһĺˣ
 

һһʮ ݺʧ

е̲ͣţ춯صļѾйˮȥȴûа취ֹסˮ˸ʱ䣬˲ٵˮ
Ѿ嵽˺ߣ⸱ӣǴ޺֪ĻΪѾˡ
ϷҲ˹ƻô£ղŲúõģôͻȻˮˡ
ƻϽͷ˵ҵĴղûվȣˮ鼱֮ץסãû뵽ˮС
һߵЩȥˣϷ˵ݼϷˣʵҶСִƻȰ⣬顣СŮղҲƻǱСһŲûվȡ֮ƻȻסҲֻѣûҪˮ˼ԼԼһŲŵȥϡ
ûе˵꣬ƻ̿С㣬ǵļ£С㲻Ҫٹˡȴٵգգ۾ʾϡ
С漴׹װӣһ˦ӣҲ˵һ乫ȻҶ£͵û˵ɣ˵ųϷ˸˸ӣֱ뿪ˡ
Ϸ˿ȷӣղŵĻҲ߷֣ƻʵղ˵Ķ𣿡
ƻɵͷȷʵĲԣŮԼҽڡ
ֿ⸱ӣϷҲܡϻһӣǱģľͲģôϲ㱳ڹ𣿣
ƻû˵Ϸ˱ֻĬԼҪ̱ڹˣ˵ΪΪúǺ
ûʱ򣬹ǲŽˮ
һʱȥһѱס޵ҵĶû°ɡ
ʶѣֻ촽Ѿ÷ϣɫҲɷףûлش⣬ֻƻקȥģҪҪ
ôһ˶ƻʼ˽
ƻֻǵͷһԲһߵϷŭʲôĽ㣬ôܺ㣡ҿźͿˡ̵Ѿ˵ϽСȥ·ëô죡
ȻϷѾˣҲڳֻ֣۾Ķƻǳޡ
һߵᪿƻҲӵʧЩԭĴȻϷ˶ɱˣ
еĿţϸūŶСȥ·
ȥɣúϢٻˣʱһһϷ˵
ŸոպͼΪһЩ飬ھ뿪ôģ˿̻˵Ϸôû̺أūһϷ˰ɡ
Ϸ˿һȻ֪ʲô˼ȴҲûд˵ơ
ȴһŮ˵·ҲʪˣǸūȴһɡ
￴˿ԼϵһȷʵѾʪˣһһֱҲû˵ճü˵ȥһٻ
ǣū֪ˡϽվŹŮˡ
ϷҲصϯǰ˵״ϺͻʺﲻҪ֡
ʺϽҡҡͷʵСû°ɣ
ֻǲСˮ˾ȵüʱûгʲô¡Ϸֻش
ʺ˵ͷһߵҲ˵ôôСģ
ϷϾֻС£ҲͰˡ
Ǳ߰һƻͨ
ƻҪңΪʲôϷҪôɶҧгݵ˵
һԵĹŮ˵ʲô㻻·˵ɡ
ŮѾ·˳ӹݸ̵Ѿߣһ㣬Сˡ
Ѿߵ˵ͷߵڼȥˡ
Ů߹ʸһ·˵ҲЩ·ɣСĲҪˡ
лֽ֮ӹһŮӷֱϻ·Ȼ˳ȥ
ʪľ£йŮţҲû⣬ֱۿʼ·
·һ룬ͻȻŵһ㣬ϱ㿪ʼϵ·Ҳٴˡ
ʱͻȻĽŲǵ̽е˭ߣ
ûãһ˾ƿ˽ϴаЦ⣬ôôͲʶˣ
΢΢һ־ָֻһЩôҲʲôطҲҴ
ʲô߹ȥһѱסϸ֫㲻Ҳ𣿲Ž˸ҵݵֽСɧҿýأ
㣬ȷſңһƬĳ죬־ʶǳԾ˻ȵƣûа취˼
 

һһʮ ո

ճϳ˵ϳʬ˭߽Ҳһ۾˳üճһۡ
˶Щôճֲǲʶ˷˴ҲӦôһǲ̫һЩ
ȻҲԼòףճҲû˿ıʾֻһɭĶŵ档
ֿһۣеĲʢ
ƻϷ˻󣬸ʲôһֿۣһ裬ͻȻ˵һʯʲô˼ˡ
ʲôˣ̻Щ˯Ĵڵ˳ˣЩɻʵ
Ϸ˻δüѣѾ˵ϵʬ壬̼һ۱ȥ
˿ҲڵеģӵĲݡԼŮĸǰ͸飬ʵ̫˶ˣ
￴һ̼ʹƤٺҲоֻԼ·ͷһԲ
̧ȥȵ
˽ʬס̧˳ȥ
ʬ̧˳ȥʺͼλϷ˲˽ȥŵɪɪİճ׵ɫʲôҲͲö˵ˡ
ճô˽澡ʧ԰ĺҲһ㣬ɱҲء
Ϸ˶һ˲˼꣬΢΢Щͣ˵ȼҳ׼һؼңҳ󡣡
ϵʵʮֵΣѪһӵζҲʮ˲ʣ˶Щˡ
Ϸô˵Ȼûɣ˵ǳ
Ϸָлл¡Ҳ˲ˣŰѾߺ˷
Ѿ̰ɰӵһ˱㶼˳ȥ
ռ˶뿪֮˿˿ϵѪɢһԵ·ֻ쳣뿪˴
ҲУʹһɫû뿪˺ڰС
ʧҲ˵ʲôζֻ˫΢΢УﵹǼᶨҪȢƻľġ
ƻһͣĻصոһãճѰᵽ˵طڲѹԼеŭھɱ㣡
Ҳ̴һ·Ҳ࣬ϵһɺϵΡ·ʱŵһ㣬֮ǰ˵˵Լˡ
һж˵ͨˣԭǱ˸ˡ
ճҪɱ̿޵үүūǱˣ˰ūҸͲʶǸˣ
ôһ˵ճٺңͷȻҽƱ磬Ƕ֮ǰĳ۾ӵĳ죬һĽҪȥ
̿ճĶ԰ɱģ˹ȥҪѵҪɱĸ𣿡
ҹûʲô£ճŭ
ϷλϣޱĿһУǿճдż
ƻվֱߣϴżֻ֣̿ʱĵͷ·ע⵽һ㡣ʵͰа˵ı鶼УζĿϷ
ȴһѱס̣үҪң˵Ķģǵһʲô㣬ҾͻȻŵһŻᣬŻᡭ
㻹ҺڻʹУѵҪ㲻ɣҽʱ򣬸ûʵʲôζȻŵõΪʲôûŵճĽһֱָŭ
ٵתţһߵƻָһҪݺңүһҪ۾ǧҪС˸ɱˣ
ճһƻ˼Ŀԡ
һߵϷȴѾŭˣùõذ壬ŭȻҸ蹷һҧƻһֱϣʲôʱȥݺ㣬˵ƻѾ˻ʹУùе£
Ϸô˵ճҲ̻ع֪ͲܣŰŭأһжǸ˹һУѵҪҵʲôûз𣿡
˵ʵһ˰ϡϰ䣬һȻǰŮܳסģһѪˤ˵ϡ
˵ϣĴһ
ճ̧ŻߣͻȻ˹ջŭ㻹ֲ֪ܵ飬Ȼ֪֪棬ո涼ˡͲĸף
Űɷ׵תͷţҲʲôҵ
⺢ӲҪִԲ򣡡ճԼƵӣûлǲԼŮǿһģҲһ
 

һһʮ 

ճʮֵļᶨİҲû˿ôƽʱҲͰˣԺֵ𣿡
ﰡദʮˣΪʲôԸأô飬Ѿ˵ԼǱƵˣҲŴš
ճָŰŭҪǻһ֮ģͿƿѵҪΪԿ𣿡
ȴӱ̵ĸ첲̣ﰡҲҲһҪҰ
һӣճһǻŭյĸֱߵǰһ߹ŵıӣ㳯Ű˦˹ȥ
ڰϣƤ̿ϽﻤԼĻӡ
Ϸһ߶Щȥ̵ӿɳܲסô顣
㻹ÿճж˶٣
̵ʮйӱ˰ҪɱǾɱҰɣ
ãҾͳȫ㣡ճֻеıӡ
ʱϱĸŮ˵ļ֧̽ɿ˱ס֡
ճǰһֱӽϵһߣȻתֿʼ޴һ鵽ֵơ
ûΪԼӣ۵شһ߻ĺţ̣̾ȾﰡҪɱﰡ
ӵһѱסճȣ޵ˡĻģ
ճΪıͣҲûͣ
˵ԺһԹԵģʲô¶ģúѧúТϷˡˣˣ̾ôıȣ¡
ճûҪֵͣ˼ڱĴɱһһģ
ϵİѾҲһϢˣճһԼȱ߿޳˵̣ıӵͣˡϾôŮ׻Щˡ
Ϸ̲סЦһ˵̣㲻ѵĿô𣿡
ˣճͣĿͷŮĴҵĴ֪Ҫɱһ˲ܳͰɱ˰ɡ
ӣճӵϽҪɲͣĿͷק¶ûקиӿۣʹֲĴһТĵķϣ
𣿡̾ϲ̧ͷæ˵ԺһúТ˳Ҫˡ
ˣˡճ䣬ֱ̾ӻ˹ȥ
ճ̴һˡ
һæңŰѻ˯ͻ˷䣬˴ˡ
һĨһڵϣѾ˹ȥ
Ϸ˿һ۰ֿһճô
ͽȥú÷ʡճϵİǶ࿴һ۶Լ۾һ㡣
Ϸһʲôʸȥǰʡֱӵׯͷȥɣ
ճҲһᣬϸô˵˵ǾͰϷ˵˼ɣȥ̡˵űվϷ˹˹֣Ȼٵ뿪ˡ
Ϸ˿һ뿪ճŭԽԽûйأԽԽ񻰣
ƻͷװûҲЩû뵽һȻû
֮Ϸ˱˰Ѱ̧˳ȥҲû˵˵飬ֻ˵һ˸͵ׯȥ
üͷƻ˵ʱҲˣȥϢɣ
ĸأƻʵ
Ϸż˿⣬飬ҵȥһǸҹ̲ܽϣռڻǰ澡ʧ
ƻ֪ҲȰҲûжԣֱ˳ȥŽص˻ӡ
߽ݣܿҲûϢ߽ʵǰ淢ʲôˣ˵ճϷ˶ò塣
ƻкãѽ췢鶼˵ˣճʮǸŮ
ܿһƻϱûı˵ҲӦãռҶãȻ֪ܡ
ƻ˵ͷЦ鶼ѾˣʱˣЩϢɡ츮лҪˣӺõĲˣҲҪ¶档
ܿ˵ͷҲһˣȥϢɡ
ܿĦһᣬ˯ˣƻ뿪ݣһžͿ̴̵
ƻתŹϣԼһ裬ʵʲôʱġ
һģ˴ϵĴϷҲŹġվߡ
ƻȲһ٣ƳһۣһΪھոôˣһ˵ָо⻰Щףֱ첻ԡ
 

һٶʮ ĬĬػ

ƻĻЦ˵ʵҹҹÿվǡָָݵķ㷿˵ƲŻ뿪
ƻ˳ָһۣ΢΢򴽣û˵
˵̫ļˣ̫ϣõĻӦҵǸ˵ЩģҶҲġƻԲӦңҲԼϲʵ̫ˡ
ƻһۣ˵Щ𣿡
ЩʵҲҺܾò׵ġ˵ƻ㻹СܵȡƻһҪңֻһҲȰ˶һЩ
ƻŬάĮı飬㻹Ҫ˵Щ뿪
΢΢̾һ˵ãȻƻϲҾͲ˵ˡǱѾûʲôвˣڵЩô
ƻһڲ˵ǱѾĲˣӦþܼˡָأװĵʵѾˣʲôʱ뿪
迴һۣϵĶѾЦȴЩص˵⼸ӦþҪ뿪ˣ춼ǱҲûȥʸˣʱҪߵļܹܲˡ
ƻ˵ͷҾԤףĻһ·˳硣Ȼȴһֱû̧ͷϵĶҲһֱûͣ
̧ͷҲܲԼһֱʢ飬ȴ˵ȫûйϵ飬û뵽ճȻŸɱˣã֮ļ϶ҲԽԽûռҵҲ𲻶ķ뿪ҲӷһЩ
㲻õģϷסˡӦúܿͻҵּܿճҲᾡȡΣʱոѾһвˡʲô춯ü֪ͨ㣬Ҳᾡ
ƻ˵̧ͷһ裬ĿԣеľȣѸٵĵͷôʲôǱں𣿡
ûᡰ֣ȴҲûйıֳʲôֻ˵ֻû뵽ƻز
Ȼ˵ḨĻӣȻᾡľĻյǻұҲܿԼƻ˵
΢΢һüƻǲʲôҵȻӦûдǲλ˵Ҫġ
ʲôǡƻīһӣĻվûʳƺѾ֪˴𰸣ȴٴˡ
ӣ΢΢һЦȴû׷ʣֻ˵ƻܰˡ
ƻŴû˵
ʱˣ컹ҪæҾͲˡվߵ˴ߣ峺¹⣬ӦһƻҲһɣƻͲĸһڰɣһõľƲˡ
ƻشɳ˴ٵʧһƬڰС
ƻվߵ˴߿ɫ½ʧںڰУݵķϡԼĴӦԼһɡ
ţƻЩ΢΢죬Լôʲô
žһѴϣеļ¶ȴûָͣоʹǶйѾϰʲô鶼嵽ǰ棬ϰʲô鶼Ϊ˿ȫȴһСԼֱİĸоĴûиܹ
£Լ쳣ྐྵƽʱ׵˯ˡ
ʹ˯ú죬׼Ҳƻɫ΢ʱ˹ڱչһֽţһߵ߰ѴӴ򿪣ĺƣһ
Žô˵ҲЦ˵ǰ춼ûôˡ
ƻ˵ͷ
Сܸءˮ裬ֽŽˮʪݸƻ
ӹݹֽƻȴûԾʵ𣿡
˵ͷСӸղžһֱЦء
ƻĶһ٣תͷ˿ӣԼϹȻЦݡ΢΢һЩȻ˵ڳˣҵȻˡ
ϹӽԺӵʱûעԼټҲ֪һ빫ӺͺˣҲûв𴩣ֻ˵ȷʵ˾øˡ
ȥ׼緹ɣҽĸһͬ͡ƻȻҪԼı飬ǻ̲סŬ˼޹֮Ҳͷˡ
·ȥݣܿѾǰƻˡ˵ŻЦݣȥ˲ݣԵݹ
ƻ߹ȥܿϸһ̺ӣʵĸ׾ô
ܿԼߣЦ˵Ѿûˣʽҽ·ʱζûһ¡
 

һٶʮһ һ밲

ƻŰܿû˿ǿӣһЦ
ƻܸ𣿡ܿЦ
ƻðӦņ̃ȥ˰ɣȻˡ
ŶܿϳȻ˵ԭΪĻ𣿡
ƻ΢΢һ㶣ʵô֪ȻһĽ壬Ѿͷǲǣ
һ飬ܿ˶㡣
ܿƻЦңԼ֪ġ
ôά壬ƻֱӸЦˣָŽ壬ѾͷҵɽǲǣźĸףԵ𣿡
ܿЦǣԺǽĿɽˣԺʲôɲҡ
Ͻ˵ͷһȵ˵ǣԺԷհ
ѾͷƻҪȥץȴֱܿסˡ
ԶԶģƲƲ죬ССǸȻԼǳѾͷ
ȵ緹ʱоһĻЦҲ̲סЦС㣬ò͡
ܿЦЦָָŵĵЦҲ³һɡ
˵ֻֻҪƻͷǶһԡԺѾգǱˡ
˽֮̽ǰ˵ʲôֻ˵ūѾСķԸ׼һΡ
ƻ˵ͷˡ
Ȼҡͷ
ô׼ʲôΣҾ߹ȥôܿȴ΢΢üͷЩ㲻Ҳ˵ή𣿡
ƻĸ첲ô˵ûдĸڻǻָڻܹȵĻ˵컹һء
ܿЩεĵ˵ͷİš
ߵǰʼĸܿˣվһϲûʲôı飬ЩȻЩȻҪõġ
ƻƳһ۽壬ǾѾͷıлҪ
ûг극ֱ˽˵ˣС㡣ϷǱʷҪҪΡ
ƻһ۰ܿЦѾĸԤˣлĸ˵ǳԹϾ͹ȥ
ֵ˵ͷ˳ȥ
ϷܵܿЩ̾
ƻŭ׼͸ôϷ׼˵ܵˣ
ĻܿҲЩΪ飬ֱӴһСƻҲ²죡
˳Թ˷ȥϷ˵Ժӡ
ܿˣµɫ죬϶Цݡ
˭֪һãӦþܴϷոˣǰͽᶼͽ᲻ãô¶һ˿ĸ顣
ټϰѾڸﴫˣȻֻȴҲľΪոҲֻ죬ڲҲ˵͵
ƻŰܿ˽Ϸʰ
￴ŰܿȻһ˿ɫƤ𪣬ЩҲֻ֫ϸˣһҲ֪ĽǼʡ
Ϸ˴һ°ܿôȻһ統òԼӡоȻûв١
Ϸ˻ôˣҲûһʵǹⲻȥܿһƬɫ
Ļ֪ӲҲûȥһۡϷЦţ֣ʹһɫ
֣ȥܿ
л֣֣ܿ˵лϷ˹ѾõĲˣԺ󶨵ÿϷʰ
ˣ֪ǸТĵģվˣ˵˵Ϸֳƻ֣ƻ
ƻŰܿ£Ϸ˵ߡ
ܿ˰˻ȥ
Ҫ˵ТİƻТġĸ׹ף˱һΣԭѾˡϷ˿ƻЦ˵
ƻЦЩ˵ĸ뵽һȥˡ
ϷֿŰܿ˵ȻѾõĲˣոҲˡ
ܿϽѵϷҲ֪ûйܹңôܽأôãһֱܸɵģϷ˴мһɡ
ɴĽϷжȻ졣ǿܾô죬ôףϷҲʮֵĲ졣
˵ʲôոĵĸ͸ΡôϹͷɻ𣿡
ȻǡܿЩҵҪ⡣
ƻһ˵ĸĸ廹ûȫָĸ峹׻ָˣ˾һܰոõġ
ܿҲ̽ӻ԰Ϸ˶ҿһЩʱգҲϷѧһѧô
һһͣϷҲôʵҪո˵Ǿ͵ľָˣ⼸ҲһЩҽһЩ
лϷˡܿϽվ˸ӡ
 

һٶʮ ֧

Ϸ˵ҲոһԲ˵Ӧô죬Ͼ̫ˣһúõĳһٷ
˵⣬ȻҲ˰
˵궼ǸģǽųģǴβŪıȹ궼Ҫ֡
˵꣬˶ͷĬˣûһ˽Ļ
Ϸ˵һۣ˵ϵ˺һ˵岻ʣҲҪŷһӦ
ǣӦ¡
Ϸ˱˵֪ڸж˵飬ҲǣִܵӦáǲؾû̻̲ʵ֣ȻոĴȥ
Ӧһ
һѾ˽˵Ϸ˴ŷǹˡ
Ϸ̵
һϷͲ̫̫˽󻹸λ˺үһλС㡣
ƻӡ̫ү̫үܣϷҲϷ˵ĵϱϷһһһŮҲڳиСĹְŮһ˥˵ңĵҲԲ
ǸģЩ̱ıĶϱҲһһŮһģӵķˣ˵Ϸӳ˵ߣǴ˽ȴʮֶ֪ˣһϻ۵ĶӣϷ˵Ҳߡ
ѽɩӰòˣôҲأ㿴ϵĲˣϷҲһɤŴģһ佫Ҳ޿ɺǡ
Ϸ˸Ҳ㲻Ц˾ǿķǣ⻹һһɩӵĽأ˵ᣡ
ϷˬʵһЦɿϷŵƻ̾ȵСޣģĸµͯŮһ㣬ĿǺá
Ϸ˱ҲЦ˵ǴСȥ춼Ǹҵ׵Ůֶƻ˵̡
̺áƻɵĽˡ
ϷŻȻƻͷЩǿˡ˵ŴӻͳһСӣɡƺƻͷͷϰһ֧οյĽβķ䣬Ҳɡ
㿴㻹ôʲôϷһֶƻ˵л̡
л̡ƻͷϵĽΣʮֵĻϲ
һϲģϷֱһѰ˻һڣЦһЦޡ
ƻøǡЦͣ
ѵüôõʱϷҲЦĽҲҵŮ
㿴㿴ĸҲûиĸӡϷЦţɿһЦŵİܿϷ˵λǳķ˰ɡ
Ϸ˵˵ͷѾͷĸס
ܿҲϽվһ񣬡ݼϷˡ
ɣɡϷЦı־ѹһµСޡ
ܿЦЩɬ޵òۼ֡
ϷƻָһԵĴ˵ӡָָߵŮͯ˵磬á
ƻ񣬡ݼӣ磬á
ҲʮӣԼĸǰҲݸһӣְԼϵĽƻϣѹĸôϲȻһһ
ǰһݼƻá
СС㶼ģһ񣬡ݼƻ㡣
ƻָϽֻһ֧ǿЩӵҲԶҪõ࣬Ҳǵһҵĵ̰ɡ
ϷָŶˣ˵ӣĶӣ硣
ƻҲ
˲ʮֵ鵫ҲĳʮֵϲƻߣҲһӣδĲ࣬ҲһϵƻϣǺöֶŮʹɡ˵Żƻдżֵ⣬һúӡ
ƻЩ֣Ŀɰͱʹô£Ϊǰûеġ
ĸסһ¶˵ļƽһ£˰Լ۽ǣңʧ̬ˡ
Ϸ˿ӣҲ̾һϷ˵ǰһ£϶ҵСˡӶǸŮš
ԭϷ˿ŶˣҲЩͬ飬ҲᣬؼԺǻкӵġ
иǷỨҲʮּǿЦЦлϷˣס
ŴŮʮֲףҶٶʱϱһĬ
Ϸȴ˳Ĭ˵˵ССѾˣ
ǣϷҲżЦ⣬⺢ӵҲ
һ֧˶ӵҲȥˣһֱϷ˵£ȻҲǸ竵ǶϷҲʮֵľء
ϷҲһһͬʣŶҲһֱʮ۰
 

һٶʮ żҵ

ƻӡвûʲôɾͣǱϾʱƹûзѣһûм̳ȨûмıӣҪͷѡ
ڲͬոսʵʱ򡣶Ҳǵһƾ٣һţǰ;ӦҲ
ƻֿϳɣΪȶĸأּʮТģ˵ƷӦ
ֿһߵĴ˺϶мֵ䵭ͼ֪ĸӹĲá
Ϊ΢ûм̳ȨûмıӣܽΪáոҲҪֲԼţʹţҲҲһܺˡ
ҲżҪ̽ҪȸԷһõӡ
ƻ־˲۽ǵᣬӲҪˣǶӲҿԾȥһ㡣
΢΢Щ㵣ҪһƻͷǱϾݵĵλͬϸ˺ʹһ㣬ֻ˻ֻЦôС㣬СԸȻʮֵĸˡ
ƻҲЦ˵ҿǻᾭȴ߶Ŷӡ
ȻЦӦţȴûзϣֻǰοԼ
һԵ̧ͷһƻȻмֵľȣǺܿˡ
Ϸ˵Ƕƻıر⣬ԼߣĹĵЦƻҪˡ
ƻûзϷǴȤԼһ㣬һϷ˶߿˿ŮһģĸȱǮˣŮҪ
Ļϸ̹ЦһѰƻڻãҪúôš
ûƻ˵ˣ⻰Ҳ˸ղƻ˵ĻҲЦеӺˡ
ûãһλˣ߸һŮ
⸾һ߽ϵȶ̼ȣûвһ㣬һЦģϷ밲Ϸ밲ֿŴ˺ͶЦɩӺãɩӺãÿ簡
˵קһŮϷ밲
Ů˸ӣϸһһ밲Ůʮֵ㣬ȴûòǷĴҿţ䶢ƻ͸Ƶʮֲϲ
ƻ׶ĸûʲôӡȻ˵ûгֹӦòʲôҪˣһӡûС
Ϸ˵̬ʮֵ䵭ϵЦֻ֣ƻ˵żӣżǼҲ
ֻϷˣ˵϶߷ֱּǶ⣬⵹ƻЩĸŮǸЩʲô
ӡƻҪվϷȴһѣֻŽһ
żҵȴҲ⣬ϵЦǲ˼֣λǴ춼ĴС˰ɣòȹȻѰ˼ܱȵġ
˵žҪ˵ɶҲһСȴһŮҲ磬⵱ĸûͣסżҵļҵȻҲ³ռôĽӼãѾͷˣϷ˿ͷҪܵ˴Сһ룬Ҳ컯
ǽɶŮҲ˿ûԥǰͨ͡һȥʮֵĶϷ˿ͷ
ϷȻеǰ˵ĸƻļ񣬸һָһֻɫʮֺõİӡ
ɶֿ˿ƻͷ֧οյĽӣ¶˼
Ϸ˿иӵĲϲ˶ΪμƻŻЩ񣬶ȻҲ˱ЩҲǵź뿪ʱ͸ǡ
żҵҪĶǸҲ㣬ھȻҺƻˡ
ɶͻȻֹϸᣬ˵ܵСһҵ컯ôͼСȡС㴩ĴǻӣܹǼԺȣ඼ⱲӶûмģɶûа취ȵġ
⻰ƻ̲סһüﵹʮ˼ȻĶ
ϷҲЩŭˣżСʲô˼ڿ˵ҪƻȣƻһҸģĶҲǸλ˸ļֲǳμ棬Ҳˣ㻹ʲôɱȵġ
ɶ˵Ϸ˵ʲôⲻŮҵĿͷǮոȻںǮǿƻıʮֵĲʣۼĿһֻԾɵӣӦЩ͵ģ˵СôִɵӣңС㲻ɡ
Ϸ˸Ҫ˵ƻȴ˵ǲС˵Լϵӣ᲻ãֻǹҵģ͸㣬ǶҪɱ֮
ɶ¶ֲмֻǲԸԼŹŻԼȴЦ˵СῪЦǹ͵ģôһֻӣ
 

һٶʮ ˤ

ɶƻϲû¶ʲôı飬ֻЦţΪʲôҪƭСأ
ɶ¶˼ֲСôӣĶûУѵôһֻӶԸռǲ̫Сˡ
˵ռңƻҲ¶˼ֵΪѣӻҡͷС㲻ҷﻹмֻӣѾȥһֻɺá
ֻȻɣһǳɫ֪ǼƷҪ͵ϷһɫǴԼϲ֪жôķ⡣ɶЦһõȻҪϣЩɫȻûа취ϵֻȡ
ԽôţɶҪĵõǸӵľԽʢ˵αô鷳С㷿Щҿɲ룬ֻҪһֱӱá
ĵôߣ˵ɫЩˡ
ֱڿĴ˵ǴСĶ㶼ҪԼǲԸ⣬ʲô
ɶһۣ˿˵Ҳ˵ǴСĶֺαСż
лˡƻֿڣֹ˴˵Ļ˵ĲҲԸ㣬ֻȷʵܸ
СαֽڣĲӭĸŮ߱ˡվŵżҵ˵֪ǶƲżңżڲȴǰˣҲ룬ʮռҵżҶٶݣǵ̫̫үûռ̫үôڵռң˵ʲôһҵⲻŸĹ𣿡
ٶû٣˵꣬ʲôʱ˵ڲҼɶһֻӣǾģʵĺ
⻰Ϸ˻ðɣڿ˵£Ȼ˵ûйߣ˵żǵѾ御ˣûռڵżҿѾɢˡ
ϷߵƻܸܵһϷˣƻ԰ܿһɫ
ܿ׹˵żɩӣɻǵң
żҵſܿʵҲְ̫ܿˣһƬʵǲۡ
ϣⲻǷ𣿡żʮֵľȣǸǰûһġ
˵ϵľҲһļʡ
ŷҲĺأ
䣬ܿһĿƻ㻹ЩӸɶ㣬ȻһˣҲһҡżӺɶ㣬صģô񡣡
ƻľᣬϵʵǲժ
Ϸ˿һ۰ܿΪռӣҲ֪ӵҲԣƻȥôƶ˯ˣӦҲûʱ佻ӵ顣
ϷҲûпڣƻܾѾͷһʲôӡ
ɶƻǸѶϵģͲһС㣬дʮֵĲмֱԼˣһץסƻĸ첲һֻ־Ҫߣϵӡ
ƻʹĽһɶ
˲Լ׵һŵȥĲܸС㣬Ầģ
ɶôĻҪԼףƻĹһ´ָһöӣֱӳϵȥ
ɶֻԼһ飬ȻӾֱӵ˵ϣˤꡣ
²ƻһϷ˶һɶһżңǿ֪ǻʺָƻϵӡ
һ⻰˶һżҵĸһƨ˵ϡ
ɶɵҲ֪ԣ߶µ˵ǲңҪˤġҵ£ҵ£
ˤʺʹ͵ĶǹϵռңϷֿôɶ˵ѣŭûסģοҪѻʺʹ͸СӾΪУھȻݺС㣡
ɶѾˣǣܣʺôӡ
ƻѾָ侲ʺԼӣѾ˶ꡣ
ǣΪʲô˵ɶҪݺǲǣ
ǲɵµݺƻȴˣͷû˵
Ϸ˿ӣ͵Ӧö֪ƻӵĻ£±Ͼûж˵ǻʺʹ͵̫ˣҪƻҪ˵ġ
˵˼飬ϷΪ˱ƻô޿ɺǡ
żҵĺɶȴѾ׵ľˣͱ˻ʺǰżǳˡ
żҵĵǷӦѸ٣ϽһһŸĳ˹˵ϣڵʹ޵ϷСǰϣҪ߻ʺﰡ
 

һٶʮ ĿĴ

Ϸ˿żҵ⸱ģּֿ⣬ֻ˵飬ǲ˵ҲǴʺǱ߲֪ǲǰżҺˣ·ռҲѲ˸ϵһʲô취ܹסǵ
ƻŶϳӣҲ¶ʮֵǵ飬ǰղɶҪӵʱҲΪǻʺĹ˵Ҫһӻһ£ǡ
żҵһǴӵϴһƴɶͷϣӣҪҪСôӣϿС㣬Ϸ鱻ʺ֪ˣǰƤ
ɶǵûа˵˦żҵ֣ŭƾʲôң˵ǵ˴СһôôղŲһ԰ǻôȥСӣڳҪƣôģ
ô˵żҵĸǻðɣֱŭʲôҪʴСҪ𣿡
ĸŮȻôڳ˵ϸǱģǺ֪ܣ
ϷᷳüˣˣҿֱӸ߻ʺˣƻûлסʹ޿⣬СʹҲ⣡
һ⻰żҵĺɶͬĺһ䣬У
ܿϷһȻҪŻżĸŮģϻһɫϽ˵Ϸ򲻿ɰ鲻ƻռҲǣİү;ǶҪܵӰ졣һҲд֣ǼȻһˣһǲ⴫ģ
Ϸ̵ͷ԰ɩӣǶһˣϵռңǲ˵ġ
֧ٳЩʲô;ҲҪ˲ɡ
һߵĴҲȰϷ˿ǧҪô嶯ǻǴӳ飬ԵôӳС
żҵҲϽ˵ǰϷˣܸ߻ʺﰡ
ϷЩǿĵ˵ͷҪҲǲԣżұøһ˵ȻżҶռжռҲûпżңΪʲôҪôռң
ôһ˵żҵĸӽİ˰֣ǣôҪռأ֪߲ʵǲ֪Сǻʺ͵ģ֪һٸӣҲҸСҪʹ͡
Ϸһ˭֪ǵʲô˼ȥǰѳҲ鵽׸ô죿
һҪȥгҲżҵһû£ɶȴѾĹȥϷ¶ҵĴ̰ģҪСӣһ븸׹
żҵҲ˵԰֪ˣαҲ֪أҲǸŵż
żĸŮȻְռˣүȴһȽֱˣȻûʲôܣٳҲһճհϷҲʮֵľء
ҪǱ֪Ůô궼ϷҪҪģһҪԲ˶ߣ
Ϸȴɿڣ˵Ůģôռҵ׶żʲôûһ˱үǰǺúһռһǷռʲôŷķϣһССҲô󶯸ɸֱȥ
Ϸ˰ᰡռҰżô꣬ЩЩѾˣҪ˵ǷҲżǷռҵģﻹʲô飡żҵ̴
Ҫľ仰ֻϷҲֵܱ̫ˣһû˵
ƻĿѾﵽˣֿߵɫѾˣ㿪ȰĸȻżӺɶ㶼Ѿ֪ˣϾҲǶҲֵ̫ǡǸеĹϣȻԺٴǣκ˷ʲôۼҲŵùˣ鶨й©ġ
˸ͱʺȥұ֤Ϣ˻ʺ˾Ѿˣ
ϷϵŭƽһЩûɿڡ
żҵĲʲôֻٰϷ˸ŭˣֻһĳƻʹɫǼüŪ۵ģ˵θڡ
ƻǻԵЦһ£ƺĵģȻֱסϸ˵ĸ첲ĸѵƻ𣿿Ҫø֪ˣ϶ҲҪƻģƻҪǲĸ˵ĸҲҵĲ𣿡
˵ŻϷգգ۾ʾþգϷ˿һۣǱסЦƻС񣡡
һôЦżҵҲ֪ǲ͹ȥˡȻԺܲôĿŵռռҵıˣүүҲͬһϵˣռܲڲٷżˡȥżһռ˵ģ
 

һٶʮ 

ҲûŮţʰżĸŮ֮ǱϷԺг߽˻԰С
Ҫ˵⻨԰ȻȲϻʹô󣬵ǱϾٴĻʹҲǸոսɵģôռôĵ̡
һ߽ô԰Ҫ˵һһľһשһ߶͸ׯϺͻ
̨Ѿ˲ˮ͸㣬λ֮󣬱ֵ
żĸŮȻų⣬Ҳ˿⣬ҷæĺܣһ߳㣬һ߳Ǹ㣬ԼϲûԹģ첻˵һҪϼ
ǿˣûһܲ¶ĵġ
İܿһֱҡͷߵעţĸȱˣ㼰ʱϡ
ûãճпҲ˹ȴ١
֧Ĵүүү֮⣬мϵˣǲûдҾ
ǰݼϷˣƻҲһһļȻյ˺ܶ
үǵ˽Ȼʲôģһ㶼ķĶһЩС⣬һλ廹һƥСԡ
ƻյʮָˣһߵճҲ˵ϸˣΪûһ˱ϣû˻ϲƻ
Ҳʲôʵ飬Ҳᵽ˵Լ֮⣬Щ˴󲿷ּ𲻹Ͳ֪
ຮһӣǱ㵽һߺȲȥˣкҲȥˡ
Ů˵Ļ·Σ˻һĻǺӵĻ¡
ҿҲϴСˣûʲôʵ˼ҰϷʵ
ӵĻ´춼ֵ˶ߣϷ˹˵ûжҺүҲѡѡǼҵĿӦҲԸģһȥ׵ġ
ŶϷʵ֪ļҵС㡣
Ц¼ҵС㣬Ȼ¼ҲʲôңҲһҡ¼ҵСҲǸģǼĵŮҺүʮġ
Ϸ˵ͷСҵǼȷʵһùһû£
ϷҲ˵Ǻʲôã̫ˣɻҲãӺôһǡ
һ⻰ϵЦ̵˼֣ȻǲϲϷ˵ֻȻҲûнӻ
Ϸ˶Ҳûж˵ʲôʶˣĻأʲôеС㣿
ЩЦЦҲĲٳ֣⺢أһĶڿƾϸһ㶼ġҵҹСĻøʲôϲģɨһ˵ʲôĶһҲʵûа취黹ĸ׻Ϸ˶ٲˡ
˶ЦЦϷЦΪˣ⻹ڻһϳɵӣ治֪ܿʲôĹ
ϷҲЦţǰϻ˵ȳɼҵǸϽɫһùа
һżҵŶأһ˵ҪռҵĹɫ˾񣬸Ͻ˲ǵĵϽ˵Ϸ˰Ҫ˵ùǰһ𣿡
˭ϷѾ࣬ǻӦһ
һϷЦŵģżҵĸˣһԼߵɶ㿴ⲻҼɶòȻȲϴСɣҲһӡ⺢ӾϷ˿ųģҲ֪֪ˡɶҲû˼ңⲻֳɵĽԵ𣿡
Լ˵ϵЦȴûˡ
Ϸ˵ŷ˿ĪҪЦˣǼŵڵͣ䲻С㡣
⻰˭Ƿżҵȴ滰ѽϷ⻰˵ģȻүģҲһܸɵģҿ˵ѾˣССԺǰ;Ȼֱɣǿ˵۹⻹еģɶ޹ȥͷӿܿһ㣬үһܳͶݵģ
⻰ѾϷ˻ðɣһߵĶ϶ÿʼ졣Ǵϻ⼸ֿЦݡ
˶˵żҵľͿϷʵô
Ϸ˻ûпڣһߵɶûסҲҪ޸һӣҺôҲżҵĵŮΪʲôҪ޸һӣ
żҵһתϴһƣ˵ʲô㣡үϢأ޹ȥںͷأ
ϷֱӸЦˣ˼ŹҲԸ⣬ǲҪǿˣ
Ҳ̲סЩ΢ŭһŰˣԺҲһʲôϢɲŷ˱ôϣ
ŷû˻˼ִһɶŸϽ˵ѾͷͿһȥһúõȰȰ
ƻһ߿ĶЩЦãżҵ㻹ǱˣżҲȱʲôеĹϵСһǮ˼ҲǣʱŽȲܿ࣬ܲңǸá
⻰˶Щ̿˸ЩмĿһƻ
 

һٶʮ Ϸ

ֻżҵƻĻĿʼ˼һߵɶǾʮֵסĵͷ˵С˵ǡ
˸ƲסĴЦĸŮ޴Ц˲֪˵ʲôá
żҵĿЦЩɻ󣬵ԼҲعζˣż˵׻Ǽҵ̫ˣҪҸǮŮҲżҵļҵӺһҲɶġ
ԽҲԽãѾ뵽Լ˱ˡ
Ҳûǣү֮ǰķԸռһгϢӦþǸүϾϵӶûУҪԺ̸ռңԺɾĵϵˡ
żҵĵûдң˵һүԺһгϢġ
˭ںôãϷ˿˿ɫ˵Ҳÿϯˣǻǿȥǰɡ
˱㶼վǰȥżҵĻԼһӵĻû˵Ҳи׼ҲòģҪ׷϶˵˵û뵽ƻͻȻļŶ˶˵Ͳ岻ϻ
˿һ߼ֱŵżҵģҲǾóһֲûл˵ģŶƻӡҲˣһ·ϵ˵˵ЦЦġ
һ߽˴У֮󣬾ƲҲܿˡ
Եһ㣬˵õϷӣϷӣλ˶ơ
ȻҪϷѡֵʱϷ˾ѡһŮ١ҲһʮֵֵϷϷҲѡһִϷġƹء
ܿһϲǰѾѡֵģҲûбҪҲѡһֵģѡһ
ùЦƽҲôϷѡһѡãϷѡһɡ
ƴȷʵϷһϲͨϷ˱Ҳֻѡһϲ
ϷӳʵʱͻʮֵΣϷӲ֪ǺõʱƻͻȻ˹ЦҽͶԵҿһϲ꡷ãⳡϷ͵ʱһѡİɡ
Ȼ֪ƻôԭ򣬵Ҳû˵ʲô˶ƻĺø˸̨ס
Ůϯм͸һ磬ߵĶпǱĺ
ƻȻĸ׽Χһо⣬ЩĸмҲ뵽СгϢСҲע⵽ԼЩҲԼľһ㡣
ŮѡϷϷӸпǣпҲѡ˼
пƱյŮֻС˼ܿˡ
ϷǱ߻ȵ𣬱ЦǻҪЩʱǻȥϷ̨ǱߺȲϷȥɡֶ֣˵ȥүһҪСүǺ̫ࡣ
˱㾻֣һ·ߵϷ̨ǰҲѾúˡϷ̨Ȼһ²˵װεҲ֮ǰĲְͬڷʻˡ
Ϸ˿ոµϷ̨ɩӿǷ˼
ҿûʲô˼Щ鶼ƻһ޵ġԼæǰæô죬ˣϷЦ˵˿ܻĿ佱ƻ
ڷ˿ƻȻҲԼĿޡ
ƻЩ˼Ͻ˵ɲһ˵ĹͣϷ˰Ҳ٣Ҳʮֵࡣ
ϷҲЦǿɲҪٿˣʲôˣ
ڷԼ֮ʣϷ̨һ죬Ϸˡ
Ϸ̨ǽϣһ޴ĻͻȻһĴã˾̾
ϷҲˣȻվ˵ƻĻЩ񹤵ζôһģתͷһλ˸һ飬ƻ֣Ժ
ƻֻЦЦߵİܿϵ̺ӣ۾һֱϷ̨
ϷӹȻ鴫λСİ඼ʮֵĺÿҸиɫɤҲʮֵĺҲҲòĿࡣ
λСصҸװ٣Ȼⲻ԰ںҫһԼǱϸţʮֵƻһʼֻǵһϷȴıǵıˣζĿ
ƵĸʹɫҲûע⵽
һֱŮ١ƻ֣俴Լʹɫʹ۽ǶҪˣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻЩϧôõϷôõϷˣЩ鲻ò
õƻʾ⣬԰һЩԼߵѾ˵˼䣬Ѿ߱뿪ˡ
ڶһϷƹءǽϾ޷ĻһŻĳűһֻǱȽϵͨûʲôرĸоҲƻģôҲҲô໭һʦġ
͹ĵʮֵĽգʿԱ󽫣ֳǹһֳŵ̴֮ʮֵĻÿ
 

һٶʮ Ϸ

ڶϷ˳ˣλ˸
ϸ˻Щ֪ǳǸʦ֣
ϷЦЦתһƻЦոҲ˵ˣЩƻԼһ޵ģ⻭ȻҲƻġ
˿ƻʮֵľ죬˭û뵽ı¡
ƻмֲ˼Ͻ˵ǵģڶɲһģĻʦġһðһģԼһôܻô
ѾƻʮֵЦ˵Ǿ̾Ǿ̾ĵһǻ̫侳ˡ
ѵøͶ˵ĻǰȻԻûʲôоҲܿһ⾳ɱڶ߳ȥֹһǰ㣬СǴš
ƻЦĸӲ˼ֻǲͣİ֣ѾһŻ԰ıϽ˵ϷϾҪʼˣǻǿϷɣϷżҵȴͻȻʵ˵С㣬ôҲûпСأаأôҲûƼ
һᵽϷ˵Ϸ˶ϵҲЩţۿһǸżҵģռҵ黹ֲŷ˹ܰɡ
żҵĿԼһʣôһĶˣܿǰﷸʲôˡϽ˵ǣҶ죬ǿϷϷ
ס˿ڣעź߳СѾ߸ˣСǸϷϸҲʮֵĺÿϷǻҲٴʮֵĺ
ⳡϷؼʱۿС࣬ҪʱһѾͻȻ첽ߵϷ˸ǰ˵Щʲô
Ϸ˵ɫ̴䣬תͷһĵ˵ͷ
תͷƻѾ߸ղ˵ϷֽŲɾǸж˲ٵĶ˿ЩϷƵĽԺӡȴȥһģȰǿĪҪţȿ֮˵
ƻɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ͻ˵ͷȻĵϯ
ﲢûиƻҵչ°һ˵̴˼׳ļҶƻһȥˡ
ϷǻϷֻ̨ϷļӵĻԺУôͻȻ˽̾ͻˣʲôüҶסˡ
ƻվԺ룬Ұѣѵϸһ㣡ǲŪʲôҲҪԭŻأ
ǣҶӦһ߽˸俪ʼѲ
ЩҶͬƻɲʲôģҵĿǸ˽ܵĶ
żƻȷԼǲѸɾˣϵŰǶǶɶѾʮֵľˡ
ȷʵеͲסįȴû뵽ǱԼиҪͲסį
ҲõԼҪˣѼҶǶ˻ɰǼԺӵ˸סֹǸϷͨ籨š
صԼλ֮ϷôֿƻһÿڵӣΪϷʵǴųϷͷȴҽģ
ҪϷ̨ϵϷͣƻϽһס߽һЩź˵֮Ϸ˵ɫȸղŸҪѿ
һߵϷ̲סһ䣬ɩǲǳʲôˣ
Ϸ΢΢ҡҡͷǿ¶˼Цݣʲô飬ǽϵľϯһЩ⣬ղƻѾȥˡ
Ϸ˿һƻЦôܸɵŮĸ帣ˣ
ϷֻЦЦȴδ˵۾һֻϷ̨ϣ任޳Ǳסˡ
ȼҳô˼ڶ˵Ѿռ澡ʧˣڿɵãⶪ۵һһѣ
ûãճҲп˹϶žǻЩȣûкȺܶࡣ
Ϸתͷһ۱˴ӵճǱĺߡҲǰװװӣҲûŪôŮڼոôܱһģ
ϷеĽζеҲû˼Ϸˡ
ƻȻڿĽζģ̫ƫ֮Ϸ̾Щ಻סƻ˵ȥǿʼ׼ɡ
˿ɫЩ磬ƻĸǲЩ̫ˣʱǾͿˡ
ϷĻʲô˼ûֻҪǿԼЩǣ;öģѹ޲ðھ͸ϳȥ
ȥɣϷ˶ƻ̬ȶƲ̫á
ƻҲûж˵תԼߵ˵Ըʼ׼ɣ
Ƶ˵ͷ뿪Ϸ̨
Ȼĵ⣬עҪˡҲˣЩҪٳ˸⸮г˷˱ֻһˣԣүҲȥӳΪڶˣ
 

һٶʮ ·

ֿһϷϷ˱ͻȻվ˵ǰѾ׼Ĳˣǿȥ̨ɡ
Ȼ˿ɫЩȻϷ˵İȻҲû飬㶼վ̨ȥˡ
һл̨ոרõģȻ˵ʮֵĸߣȴ߿
ڵѾˣΪ˱ų̊Ѿ̿Ȼûʲôڵǲûʮֵ䡣ܻеõɴ
л̨ȷʵѾ׼ĶˣŮδһֿ֮ʼȲ죬пҲʮֵ֡
ֻҪ˿ϸܿϷһֻ״̬ҾΪʲôϲˡ
ʱ֮󣬾Ʋ˲½½ϷкҳԷ
ԼȴûжӣɫոհûϷ˱һ֧ӣᵹֵ֣ϡ
һҲͲٶһᣬ½ˡ
˶ƻЩᣬҪȥ־ԼҪЩ֣ԥŻûпڣƻ˵·Сģпһȥһ
Ц̱ʮֵĲããС㡣
ƻЦŽ˳ȥ
пǱȴûô뿪뿪л̨֮ȥճ鷿֪Щʲô
˶뿪֮ϷҲάϵЦݣһƬı䣬˻صԺ
ǻ࿴˿ȻЩҲû¶ٵĻңǵӦҲʮֵεġ
Ϸ˴ͷβһ۶δֻǳĬĺŲ裬һԵƻ׼һѾЩİܿҲס˿Ȼȥ
һֱճ֮һֱûгԵϷˣڲȻŭ㿴Ƕʲô£
ճ΢üͷϷͻȻԼЩã˭Ϸˣ
˭Ϸŭƻ֤ݶ
ʱƺŲߵһнѾߣһС
Ϸ˾Ƴһ۶࣬ʾӵϡ
ˣѰһӣźͶǶɢһأ
ϷָŵϵĶǣһЩЩǵĶ
µǣ¾ˤˣ֮⡣
ճǷӦٳٶۣҲǵһһЩʲôŭɶʵ⵽ôһ£
Ϸ˲˵˵ϷסǸԺԱʮֵƵֶ˲ٶ㻳Ϸӵ˸ɵġұƻȥһ飬ﵹûҵҵЩHĶ
ճתͷƻʵǲǶڸ
ƻ¶ˣôأ
ϷҲŭ˼ǣЩƻĲɣȻָ̱ٵϵЩŭһӣҲƻģ
ճҲתͷһϵǰǸоѾǷŭ裬Ϊһ˶϶⵽ЩŮ˵ļ̤
˫۳죬γеĽ嵽ǸǰҪֱ˽ǣ
Ǽţǻе㲻ճˡ
Ϸ˿Ķ棬ʱŭһס֣
ճѾʧȥһûϷˣϷ˻ðɣֱֻ֣ӷͻȻ˼ֱӽճסˡ
ճҵţ˫ĶżˣĽת־Ͽȥ
ûа취һ˱ֱж˼һ䡣
ճֱӹ˫Ҳ˼ܵ˰ա
һ㣬ҲʲôطҲܼѪĵط𣿣Ϸʮֵ
þһԣǳײŹճ
ճҲ΢һЩ£Ϸ˷ſң
һЩϷ˱˻֣˱ɿճѸٵĻص˰˲ǵĴڡ
ƻУϷߵİֱճ˸˲ֹһΣ
ճվԼļŭ֪ǶϷ˵ĻǶżģ
תͷеˣ
С˹˽ճ̷ԸȥϷǶҹҪ˵ʲô顣ֿһϷˣ̸ĿڵȥҵԺӵţֻҪеĲҪŮģ
Ȼû˵ʲôػ˭֪ƢʲôϷȻֻͬɱ⣬ҲҪճѻУȻļ죬ոûʲôӹ
ƻȴɲЦһڲϷӵ飬ǿѾˡ
ϵеĶѪϷʵڿˣ˹ǰһ˿ڡ
 

һʮ 

ȻճֻˣϷѾϢ
ҪըˣϷ˶ŭƻô£㲻˵˶Ѿ˺úõĿ𣿡
ƻҲʮֵľȣȷʵѾչ¸˰
Ϸŭչ¹
ûöãչ±˽֪Ϸ˽С˿ʲô£
ʲôǣΪʲôϷǶˣƻ˵úÿŵģϷŭ
չһľ죬Ϸ˹˵ѾûˣЩϷӾ𣿡
ʲôʱ˹ȥ˵Ϸ˴ŭ
ǸѾȷʵϷưչ¸ӵľȣСķԸôΥǿϷ˵ǾһٸӣҲ϶ϲҷЩߵġ
Ϸֱķ֣ȥԼϵƣŭҵƷԼ
ĻȻֹΪûԼϵƣȷ֮ŭɶֱһĶӵķ֣ǾȻô죬Ҵ͵Ʒǵ뿪ҸǲҪ˵Ķ̫ˣܵĺҲܸŶڳҲǻǵƤ
ϵѾһһ컹ͷϣôܵˣ̴ûûаһٸӣҲ͵Ϸ˵ư
һϷӰˣֻдŸʲôûзôֵðŴأ
ߴߴ˵ţϷ˸ᷳұ죡
ЩһϽ죬ڵɫɫķš
Ϸӣճȴֳ˼ɣϷҲ书ǿ˽һܹôܱ͵ƶûвأ
ʲô˼ѵ㻳һжٲݲɣϷ˸ŭոĵңոϷˣΪʲôҪ֣㲻Ҫ̫ˣһẦԼ
ճȴΪתͷֿһƻһҲһֻĸߣҲֻܹôӴϷҲϷ˲԰ɣ
ĻҲһƻ˵ĲûеȷʵֻƻһһԼҲпܴԼȡƻԼ˿ûвˡ
˵ôԼƻҲվ׺ĸôңҲûʲô˵ΪϾҲûʲô֤ݣֻ˵һ䡢ҪЩҲܸһɰɡ
ȲΪĸ˳Ľո𣿣ճŭ
ƻ΢΢һüոЩͲܳʲôϵ
ϷҲףƻɣ˵ҪЩ뿪ո£ûбҪôһȦӣԼһɡôһɵµģ
ˣƻ飡Ϸ˿ճ˵˵Ҳԭֱˣ飡
ճִ˵Ϸ˸ңʲôܴϰ֪͵ߣ
źѾô࣬ҽʮֵڷᱻ˿ɳ֮Ϸ
ճһǶ˵ʮֵŷ
ģһ߰ЩϷӸҳҲһ˭ٱָʹǣ˭뿪Ϸ䣬㻹Щ޶˵Ĳ¼ɣĶһˣ˭㣿
ճɫɺܲãҲʮֵӲֻǵ˵ͷȻҲϷ˲飡
ڻһôЩ˰ɣϷ۾΢С
ճŵϵˣðɱǸղѾϷ˾һΣҲʲôֵ飬ֻ˵һлϷѣɱҲãҲã
Ϸֻǵ˵ͷֻһЩŵûʲô֮£Ǿһɣӽȫ˰ɣ
ճҲû˵ʲôǱŰȥ֪ʲôֱˡ
ϷҲ˰Щ޺еﶼȥ˲ֻʣǼˡ
ȻˣǿһͻȻûôˣΪﻹһ
Ϸ˿һۣȻû񣬵ҲԳƲʲôϲ
ֻԴƣ˵ǺõģʱҲˣȥϢɣȻͻȻĿǣϵ飬Ǹ˵һ֣ұضŹǣ
Ͻֵ̿ĵ˵ͷ֤ԼԲ˵һ֡
ϷŻ˻뿪Ȼֿһ۰ܿƻҲȥϢɡܿӻţȥЪŰɡ
 

һʮһ 

ص˷֮󣬰ܿһĿƻʵ鵽׸ûйϵϴ˵¾𣿡
ƻˣֻõͷȷʵҺġ
ܿһŭЩﶼƵģ֪֪Ů˵ڤжҪҲǿˣô
ƻ΢΢һ㶣ܿһζԼôĻ֪ôģȻЦ
㻹Цѵ˵ʮֿЦ𣿡ܿȴӵˣŭʲôҶԲܣǲʲô鶼еߵģ㲻Ϊ˴ԼĿĲֶΣ
ƻϽ˵ͷϻǴһЩЦ⣬ĸ˵Ķԣ˵𣿡
㻹ʲô˵ܿŭ
ƻϵЦ⣬˵Ĳ٣ֻѰϷӵԺӻڵԺӶѡ
ֻǻ˸Ժӣܿмֲš
ԣֻǻһԺӡƻ˵Ҳ֪ĸ׶ոжϤ֪ĸһ֪ϷסǸԺǵԺӾ͸һ߲ļɽ
֮ܿʮֵľȣô᣿
ƻЦЦҲ֮䷢ֵģұ֮ǰǸԺҪΪɣϷסһԺӡÿǿɤҲãϷҲãܴǵԺҾ뿴ûͲסįɲ룬Ȼôˡ
֮󣬰ܿ˵Ҳ˵Щȷµġ
ƻͷװһʮ˵ӣĸôôأ
ĵģܿϽ˵ǣΪﲻԣΪﲻû㲻㡣
ƻһίѵĸҾֲֶε𣿡
ǣȻǣܿϽ˻ⲻǵ̫ˡ
Ļ΢΢һЦȴ˵ĸԺɲҪôˡ
ܿͷû˵⴫һ졣
ƻֱӣͿ˽󻹸е硣
ǲǸոպðЦ߽԰ֵܿĸںá
ܿЦݣôô˻
迴һƻҲûʲôΪʲôû֮ĻֻЦ˵һ⣬ѽЩį벮ĸƻһڡ
ѾĶںˣֻһЩ򵥵СˣƺһЩµĸ㡣
ƻʵǹⲻ߰ܿģֻ̫æˡ
ܿЦĻȴʱһĻǻһܴϷ
ҲǴƻĽŹģߵҲˣȻպáЦƻߡ
ܿһƻЩɻʵƻܽʲô飿
ĸ֪𣿡ǿƻʵġ
ƻ㿪ڽ͵Ϸ˵ȷʵ͵ģҽˣǰЩϷӸ͵˰ȫĵط
ܿƻеǸˣΪˣ
ûµЩ鱾ûи㣬ղҲģƻܿȥϽĸ첲˵
ܿüͷչһЩƻͷԺһʲôô˵ֻ㣡
ƻͷϿ˿
һȻ֪ʣӦãЩĽܹܿƻȫĵţţ֪Ҫʲôʱôһ졣
ΪܿѾˣֻǺƣȴϢˡ
Ͼֻʣƻˡ
ƻһۣ鶼𣿡
ͷƻ飬Ȼ׵ġ˵ҲǺܣϷûлɹ㣿
ȻǻỳɵģһûжûеõʲôôοҲûʲô֤ݣǻҲûʲô취
ƻһ㣬žƱʮֵĲˬȻҺȾƣǰô࣬˼𣿡
˼ԼֱԼһƣ˵ϵҲĲۼǻɵͷϵġ
ƻ˵ͷĻҪС¶ҲͲĻӺˡ
Цž˾ľƱǶлСʶˣ
˵˵ƻԼĸľƱ͵һЦ
ЦҲзһȦһȦЩҡΡ
ƻһ
ƻתͷϻδЦ⡣ʲô
ҾãҺˡԴЩ˵
ƻһǲס޵ģҪ˯͸Ͻȥ
ȴҡҡͷǰ˴գǾƲ
 

һʮ 

ŴƻԼĶһģֽͷƿǰԸŮ˼ɣ
ЦʲôижıŮˣΨƻһԡ
ƻһķȣҿֻǵͷŵġ
ƻϲЩ𣿡迴΢΢Ķ䣬֪ЩȥˣȻʮֵĸˣǻ̲סһ
ƻҵĵ˵ͷţóԡ
ԺһᾭƻĵģЦ˵
ƻſһۣ㲻˵ͿҪ뿪𣿡
ֲǲˡ˵Ƶᡣ
ƻͷû˵룬ǻҪ
ִԲоرĽ־
ƶȸɾˣһķŽЩʧƻԻΪٵĵģҲ
ЩƻתͷһۣǿûһĺۼҲ֪ˣʲô
ţͻȻŤҪҧĵģҳǲƻĸóһЩ
ƻ̧̰ӣ貢ûоʹֹͣԼĶ̧ͷִŵҪҧĵġ
һģƻȷǰһˣģһʳĴһ
ƻ̲סһЦ·˷ˣҪҧʱͻȻָٸߡ
ζԼЦȴ¶ί飬ͻȻһסƻĸ첲Լǰĵĵˡ
ȻһĽ˽ţȻƻĸóԣ
ƻһһĵģʲôóԵģ
ǿ뷨һ㣬ͻȻ˵Եƻģ൱ƻιҵģȻóԣ
𣿡ƻЦЦһֻһķŵߡ
û˵һڳȥˣͣĵͷ˵óԡ
⸱ƽʱ̫ˣƻ̲סЦ
һֵֻ裬ͻȻһ죬˶˻
ƻһҪ˵ƻЦÿ
˫ۣƻͻȻûͷֻ˵㵽˻Ǽˣ
迴¶ɻգǲЦƻҲÿġ
ƻĵ֣˵裬ҵҪ֮ʲôң
綼ЩȥˣôӺ˵ƾͱˣǲΪƽʱԼѹֵ̫ˡ
Ǵڼţƻְĸһ£ƻ㲻Ҫ뿪ҺòãҺ뿪ңͻȻʧˣץץס
ƻţҲûлش⡣ϻǴż־ȵɫȻζǻεԼʧ
ƻһĺõģҪʲôҶܸ㣡૵˵
ƻûӦֻǾš
ƻһ֪жϲ㣬жమ㣡κҵһָͷȲϣҶ֪û㣬ﻹʲô塣һ׷ģ׷㡣
̫˵Щ黰ˣѵõȻÿһ䶼׷ԼֻҲ˵óڣҲԼͣһʮһСһҪúõĽѵһ٣
û˵ĻҲ̲סˣֱ˽СҼˣһȴȥɡ
Ҫǵڶϵ飬һԼûߵģ
ƻĻһ£̫ˣֻסֱϵĹؽڣǿ֡
⸱ģΪԼһչԾˣҪǱ֪һӲŹԼ
绳һͣƻˣӴȥɣ
ǣСˡڲͣŵ裬߳˴á
֮󣬽ͽ˽ϵǽٵʰɾˡ
ƺأƻʵ̴̵ľͽˣִôʱҲ֪ûб˲
˵СģѾ˯ˡʱǵķһЩ˯ߵĶǲʲôġ
ƻ˵ͷ˿ߵɫѾˣ˵ȥϢˣʰҲЩȥ˯ɣҲһˡ
ӦƻصԼķ䣬ȻЩƣڴȥȴЩ˯š
ȻĻûбֳʲôȴԼҲ޷Եļ¶ּ¶ϾͿʼˣһֱڶûʧٲԼʵĸ飬ˡ
ҲʲôСŮˣļ¶Ūĵ׶ĲθܺԵġ
 

һʮ 

ʱĺܿ죬תѾȥˡ
յĵոоͳһ£ǱѺǣڶȫӰѱȫûҵ˴ҪӶǼٻʵѾճܵĴˡ
Ϊ鲻䵽˭ͷϣ˭ɱ˵˼
ִԵճȻըˣ˵ĲɣҲܾôվ˵ⲻԼģ˵һӵơ
һգƻܿһϷ밲һͿҲϣȻɫʮֵĲãҲˡ
̸߽ͷû̧žҲǺܺõӡ
ĸ밲
Ϸ밲
Ϸ̳֣ˣôˣЩŰɡ
ƻȻϷ˵ߣܿ״
Ϸ˰ƻͷȻŰܿ˵Ҳмˣ⸮дСӦ˰ɣ
ܿ˵ͷȻҲ˵Ϸ˵ЩȫסˣǸеǶ˽һЩ
ʵһʼĸŮţϷ˵ܿ˽⸮е񡣿û뵽⼸ˣϷڡ
ͰĸĽӡ߰ɣոȻƵǵһңոȻ񿴵ô򵥣Ҳһۡ±ߵׯأⶼҪʡϷ˵ԭЩĵ壬ǿƻѾܹһˣʱһҲûôˡ
⻰˵꣬зӦȷʵ̧̣ͷһϷˣȻֵͷ
ܿЩԥ˵ϷˣҾһҪϷ˶ѧϰУ
Ϸ˺һ⼸Ѿ㹻ˣɲҪˣҲð׸ĵС㣬СҲҪѧϰôܼҰɣǰװӣһ˵鷳ӣҲǺ˼
һοϷȷʵģܿ˼仹Ӧ
Ϸȴ˵ոҲûжãмҲһֻûиǡʵǸͷһֻһֻãڸ¹˲үСǣסׯɸŶ˵ѾõĲˣڸˣ˽ӹΣ
ܿϵûʲôı飬ֻǿмʧӣȻѾˣĻһֻׯĵҶԸе黹ûȫϤϷʲôʱӻɡ
Ϸ˶ı˵ʮֵ⣬ȴҲᣬ˵ͷǺãǾš
ƻͷﲻסЦšֲϷͻȻôɴͰĸףԭһ׼ѹĸ׵ģ
ӦþǰǸһǱһˣһǺԼ֣һѾϷ˵Ĵȡ
һֱûгͻȻ˵ĸ˵Ǹ·
Ϸ˵˵ͷ㵹ǻǵá
ֵͷȷʵһʱûлظˡ
ĿﵹǺӣ͸ƻļྶͥˣôǵʱ֮ŪǸʲôĽɫ
ȻƻҲûеȺܳʱ䣬֮ͽˣɼϷǶôļС
վŵͣüЦۣ촽״Ҳƫͣ˾ԡһ㣬ģ޺
ƻеģһֻǱ˻˽ƻȴʮŮ˵Ļжжôƭԡ
˺С밲Űܿƻһʮֹģ
ܿûϵмֵľȣǺܿͻعЦﲻÿɣ
ƻϷ˵ߣЦﳤÿž˾úأ
ǲǰǿѣֻǵˣ
￴ƻϵЦǳᣬٴСǰ˭ƵǺÿСֱϵŮ
ƻЦЦѽֻҶҪˣһ֮ӣ֪ŮʲôһҿǻŮһ㶼񣡡
⻰Цȴݺݵӡ
ȴֻܰӼЦūȷʵûмŮԴӼ˴С㣬ⲻǼ𣿡
⻰Ϸ˶̲סЦ˵ƻıǼ⣬ҲֻһǸŮ˵ˣ
ˣҸأô˵Ը춼˿ǸŮƻϷ˵ĸ첲Ц˵
Цţ۲ı飬ȴûһ˿ı顣ԼϷ׽оͲɻ𣿻˵Ϸ֮ǰѾͨˣȻߵļʸ
 

һʮ ˼

ƻڹ۲Ҳڹ۲
ղ˵ͬһ㣬ϷЦøһЦޣһһЦ֮˿¶Լʵ
Խӣоӵľ裬ΪԽǲ¶ԼʵˣҪȻһĵûĻˣҪôһĻˡղԼӣǵϷǰĿģȻԲһ˼ˡ
һϷȻûнʲôȴ֪ԼĿʲôϷ˱ôãȻʲô鶼ȻĲΪС
Ϣ֮ƻѾѶԷԼĶλʮˡ
пһһߵİܿЦ˵˵Ҳ񶼵ĵһŮأֲС־
ܿЦЦ˵Ҳ˵ǵˣƻѾôˣ˵ʲôŮŮġ
˵˵ﻰҲأͲһѾġ
ȻڿˣǻðܿЩռҵĸɫȡˣԼһк
òòҵѾôˣھչ˺ƻҲϣϷ˵ոܺáܿɴЦ˵
ȻġҲЦŵ˵ͷʹһ˿ɫ
ǸƻһöԸģܿȴҲһģóԼе˼ȴΪԼ仰ŭԹȻǴġ
뵽Щ԰ԼȻҲǼеĵŮҲĽڲֹһҪɫ
ôվôˣ˵ɡƻһЦ˵ĸһ̫ˣȻҪµ顣
Ϸ˲ûпڣȻĬˡ
￴һϷˣ˵лС㡣˵űһߵϡ
ո£ƻ˵ﵹ衣
Ѿ߹ﵹһ衣
Ϸһ仰û˵ƻָʹԼԺеѾߣָʹ
˵ЩͬʱƻķӦʵҲڿϷ˵ķӦⲻֻǶľ̽ǶϷ˵һ̽ҪϷ˵Ƕʲô̬ȣԼԸʲô̬ȡ
￴ƻһӵ̬ԴԼЦڳһ˿ѺۣΪȻϷ˰ԼлӦƫԼһߵģȴû뵽ͲƻԼ
Ϸ˵ʼնû¶һı飬ֻǴЦţڵĳǼžһ㡣
ܿͻָ˾񣬶԰ܿ˵СҲЩʱˣĳڣ񶼸ҵĹӸǣƶҪոż̤ƽ˰ɡ
ⲻǵһμ棬һô׽ʲôʸСĻ£
ܿȻоʵǲأϾϷ˵ˣ㻹Ц˵ƻͻСȵ֮˵Ҳ٣οϷ˰ҿţʱҲʡࡣ
ƻһϷˣԼӵĻԼ飬Ϸ֮ǰûиµδһֶϷ˵֪̽Ϸ˶ʩѹ̬ȡ
Ϸһ۲ĻһֱϷ˱Ƚеһ㣬ȴûһ㷴ӦɼһϷ˭ǱҲֻǸΪϾֻոвһҶΡ
Ҳǡǡ˵Ϸ˶ʮֵΣлֵĹǣ°ܿռ֮ԼҲĿơ
ƻˣҲϷ˵̬ȣȴһȻϷ˲վԼЩϧֻҪվƻһߵģͲںոбûκεĹǣҲֻϷһֻ̣ҪϷ˲ոаȵĹȥ
ʵʱҲʶһ㣬˶ƴֺճʱֻһ˲ֺϷˣûкӣոлȥȻҪΪԼһõ
ЦЦֶ԰ܿ˵ʱ򣬿²ǷˣϷ˶Ҫˣ
ֻܿЦЦû˵
һֱûп˵Ϸ˵ʱҲˣҲҪˡҲոջظǸϽȥʰʰɣʲôطģ͸߷ˣƹոˣ
ͷ˵ǣū֪ˡ
ȴˣϷ˻е⣬ȻȻԸȥͷˣ
ƻһȴ΢΢һüͷŮԸԼģԲʲôܻӭҪԸĸףģϣܹԼĵߣȻԲ飡
 

һʮ Ϸ˵˼

ƻͰܿϷ֮߳󣬲ûֱӻػӣȥ˻԰Уһ䡣
ʵҲΪҪΪ;ɢģֻΪڻжϷ˵ˣҪ˵Щֻܱˡ
СĸǽжտĻ԰˵ĺõط
ôܿƻʵ
ƻʮ˳ֵĶʳͿʼһˣĿĺȷ
ǳģܿʵ
ƻ΢΢һЦĸвҲ𣿡
ܿ΢΢̾һǿ͸ϷˣȻ㣬ΪʲôȴҪֵĿ飿
Ļƻ׹ԭĸȻȴΪϷ˶Լ顣
Ц˵ĸεˣɲϷҪңϷԸˡ
ԸңܿһЦôأҲһûʵȨĸʲôҪҪרһԸҡ
ĸˣѾϷ˽ӡô˵ûʵȨĸأԺʵռҵĵĸֿϵǱô޶أƻЦ˵
ܿȴ΢΢üȻĻΪʲôҪðѽӡ
Ϸ˲˵ռ˼ңӵľǹأѽӡ㣬ǵһعصĲ𣿡ƻ˵ȻѾҪͨոôܷĻлĿơ
ĻܿһʱЩ޷ܣƽ￴ĺã𣿡
ϷܶõǰǣոһƣûȴܴҶŸмЩǰһı仯ͻԼȥɱң
ЩոϷǰ״ƻ԰̫ܿɣԷơ
ܿϹȻƻЩΪʵǡ
˵꣬ƻ̴ϵĸֶˣϷ˶ǳʲôĿģжʮֵҲʮϲڵΪֻҪȡϷ˵ΣҾܵõոҾͿֱӲ뵽񶼳õĴС鵱Уûбˣ
ܿûһǿͷ˵Ȼ˵ԸҵģƻͲҪ֣һҾԼܶԸġ
Ļƻ̿ЦȻĸô˵Ҿ͵ſĸúʰʰˣ
ܿ˵ͷȴͻȻץסƻ֣һ飿
ôˣƻʮɻĿһۡ
ָָܿУϵıЩӣôιȥ㶼Ҫˣ
ƻ˿ЩƤĹĵ㣬ֻ÷ԼеʳЩǴ
ܿǿ¶һЩЦݣ˵ʲôʲôɡ
ĸŮ̸ͤ飬ѾϷ˵Ķ
ϢСѾߵūʵû취ٿʵǲ֪˵ʲôǿͣӦ̸Ϸ˺顣ʵҪҪūȥ̽һ£
Ϸ˰˰֣Цˣǲ̽Ҳ֪˵ʲô顣ȥɣҪٿˣԷǲ
ǣ
Ѿȥ֮һԵֱ֣ʵϷ˾̸ʲôأ
Ϸ˿һۣ¶Ц⣬ƾƻĴô²˼
ǿϷ˵˼񲢲ģ֣̽ʵ
ϷЦЦʲôõĵģƻĵطԼҪʲôܵõʲôҵ̽һġֻҪԸǰܿϣƻҪ֣ΪϾ֪ҵĿġ
һȴָ֣ԻˣϷ˶ԴСƺҲʮֵĳ磬ȴʮֲӡ
Ϸתͷһۣɻ˵ʲôʵҲЩסϲӣҪԺӹռңֲķ֣ΪұϾԹһοĲʡ
֣Ȼָ֪һ飬ȷʵľİճȴû뵽ȴûιϷˣǺүһֱϷеһĽᡣԾôϲС㣬Ҳȫķ֡
˵ϷҲ¶˼ƣ̬ոѾ̫ˣ˵ʵˡοһܻ꣬үոҪһƻӴССͱѾܹһ棬ҶεжҲճ̫࣬ոǽǷĵģֻǡٿһɡ
֣ĬĬĵ˵ͷʱ磬ϷȥϢһ°ɡ
Ϸ˱վߵ䡣ΪеȨһֱǿƣƺ˶ˣѾһĺˡ
 

һʮ ·

֮һֱûոҪ˵ԭȻƵ顣
ϣԼѾȫˣǵԼôḡ飬ǵԼ˵Щɵǵƻ˵Ǿ䣬ʲôȥĻƫƫǵãҼǵʮףÿÿ嵽ʱԼǰһԼ
վ࣬ϱ任ŵɫʮֵĽţΪֻҪ¶Ц֮ı飬һҪùˣҺܿù˻Լ
ȻûжãͻȻʵ
ӣѾʹҺܶˣҾ⣬ԸҲҪȥǣҾ͡ͷΪԼһ
ȻҷԸ㲻ҪǣΪʲôҸˣ
ǳˣܲ˵ʵڿȥ˰ɣٴΪԼһʵӣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ĿһۣȻ˿ƻŵķ䣬Ҫȥƻ棬ֻҪңҸʲôȥ
ѾֵزҲòԼԽΪһ취Լ治Сȥ
ҪװЦ˵Ͼ飬װɵȽϺýɣ
ȴһۣҵݼܺ𣿡
ǣȻ˼Ͻ˵
ȴ˵˵ĵҲȫûеֻ黹װñȽϺãҲװˣϾҵݼʵǲá
ͷ̲סƲƲ죬Ҫ˵ݼǻϾûݼõˣ
˵Ҹɴװǵ˺ˡ
ѵװƬ˾ͲҪݼ
ˣҲͲԥֱӴӷȥֱ䵽ƻķ
ƻڿ˱һ̧ͷɿӴ˽̲ס˹ǣαϣ˫ֱǰ
ƻӣƤٺҲ̲סһЩΣߵĻҲû˵
ˣƻȿ˵
ǿЦЦ˵ôˣû˯
˯û˯㲻𣿡ƻɱأݶ˿
ӵΣַɿһⲻȿ˯û˯Ҫ˯ҲͲˡ
ƻͷڽҲŵˡ
𣿡ϵЦȻһЩǰ˴ʵƻæʲô
ƻϵ˱ŬŬ죬˱
Цԣ֪˵ǲĸѾûոˡ
ƻֵ˵ͷȴû˵ֻǿ
ʲôΪʲôôңһָ˵װɵǾһɵס
ƻ΢΢ۣװɵǲ̫һ㣿
ʲôһɻԼѾԼûոˡ
ƻûʲôð취ֻɿ˱ǰ֣ʵô𣿡
˲Ҳ֪ôģЩͻͻ֪žǱһٱʵҲûʲôǸ磬⣡
磺
˵ƻûʲô飬Ļ뿪ɣһҪ˱ûк㡣
ãã㿴ģԼкԼ˵ţһߵϣʮĸԼһˮԼ뿪
ƻƳһۣҲĵͷ˱ˣȫûҪ˼
ˮ֮󣬿ƻר־Ŀ˱ȫûҪԼ˼иӵĲԼеıӻǿ˵ʵȷʵǵϵ飬˵ƭ㣬ȷʵΪû㡣ȻЩƣǲ˵Ļ£ҳԱĵġ
ƻȴû̧ͷЩţϽǰȴƻļš
ƻɻĽһ΢΢һͷȻȻЦ
һӦȻԼˣˣƻû̫ˡ
ƻ̧ͷɿһӣĿͻȻһ£ϵЦҲЩסˡ
ҹȻƻĶ֣ԺɲҪôˡЦᣬ
ƻ˳ӣ̲ס򴽣ŬѹԼеļ¶˭Ҫƭң
ЦЦǣҲԣ֣صĸСǸ
һӣƻ̲ס΢΢һЦһΪͲأ
ô᣿ܷʲô飬ҲƻҿЦ˵
ƻ򴽣ЩԼղ˵Ļ֪˵ʲôԼҡĻ
һ軹ףٿһ´׹ƻǲΪЩţ
ΪԼĻеţֱ֪ϲ񡣸̵ľԼֵˣ
 

һʮ ǰ

ƻ迪ʼĪķЦЦʲô
ûʲôֻǾüûƻøӿɰˣǰ˿Ц˵
Ļƻĥĥֻܰѻ濪㲻˵Ҫ뿪Ѿ˺ܾˣôûߣ
ûлش⣬ʵôƻˣ
Ҹ˵أƻ΢΢յ˵Լ侲ƺǰһöûУøַĵıݣЩ޴롣
΢΢ЩʧĻӻ֣ðɺðɣ˵¡˵ֱϣ˵˵ɣ¡
ǱӣƻЩҧгݵ˵
ҡҡͷҲƻôԶ
ôƻʮֵĲοӸµĿԼ
ƻֱվһߵϣԼһתͷ
ûа취ֻôߵԱߵҲԼһ衣
˵ɣΪʲôûлȥ첻ڣƻֻֿʵ
迴һۣЩΣ˵᲻һҪḡ᲻ôңҾֻ˵Ϊˡ
ƻֱĻʵ鴦ôˣ
ӦԼĻֻ˳Ļ˵鲻õģûƿصĵزͺճ˼϶ȫȻҲ͸ûʲôõˡ
һۣƻ˵ǾУȷʵһȨߵӣճҲסֻһеϷߵ̬ȡ
˵һڲ˵ߵһ£ȻǳңҲǳһҡǼеĵŮֻĸȻͼĸĹϵеʲôҲֻ֪׹ٳΣԼ˵˵Ҫ޵ռΪ檵£һռҵı
ʵЩƻѾ֪ˣҲûдĻΪ֪ﵽոʲô飬ôϷ˵ġ˵ʵĸߺ󣬵һʱҲǳܳ裬ǰ֮ҲƽɫǸ֮ʧˣһζֺϷˡ
Щ˵ˣ͸Ϊʲô͵ׯȥˡһֱ˵صƻ̲ס˵
迴˿Цƻż
̫£ƻû˵
ϵЦֶ˼֣Цһƻܶһᡣ
˵ƻЩˣ˵ʱһﻳУȴСˣҲһغˡ²йءճҪϷȴȥׯӡ
ƻͷ˳˼СЩɻոϡϷҲʮ飬һô᲻⣬
Ϸ˶˵岻ȥׯġô£ֲʲôܣֻҪԼӴ֪ˣϷΪʲôôһ٣
ֵɻͲ¼ɣƻüͷԽԽ迴üͷӣ̲סָѹüġ
ƻûʶһץס֣Ҳû̻عֻһʲô顣
ץԼָϸһ˿˿⣬ͷЩˡ
ƻع˳񿴵ཻ֣Ǳһһ̷ſˣҲ¶˼ա
̧ͷӣһ˵ʲôŪĻֻǵƻղʲô
ƻúȲڸһԼı飬ԻָһЩ֮˵ֻǾƺʲôԡ
ͷǸһҪúõĵһ²С
ƻҲŵ˵ͷȻ˵ﲻΪ壬ҵûбո˸˽ģոвԡ
Ҳá˵վʱˣȻȥˡ
ǵһ˵Ҫ뿪ƻҲûֻǵ˵ͷȻ˵߰ɡ
Ϲ¶ʧ䣬ƻ㶼һ𣿡
Ϊʲôҹôҵķ䣬ûȥͲˣʲôҪ㣡ƻ̧Ƴһ˵
ǺðɣҾˡЦ˵Ҫ̫ҡ
˵ߵߣҪƻ˵һȣ
סʵôˣ
㵽ʲôʱ뿪ƻҲվʵдԼܶûвļС
ЦЦƻҪģҾ뿪Ҳһƻġ
ƻԼҲûһ׼ȷʱ䣬ҲͲˣֻ߰ɣ߰ɡ
ЦЦһƻģ뿪ˡ
 

һʮ 밲

ڶ죬ƻͰܿڳ緹߽˵ˡ
ڳԷĶ˶һۣܿеĿӣɡ
˳ȥûжþͰ˽
ˣС밲߽֮ʮֹ밲
ﲻÿù𣿡ܿ˵һһЩɡ
Ͻڰ֡˵ˣѾùˣлˡ
ܿҪ˵˵ׯʱһЩˣÿ϶ҪľһЩҲγϰˣҲɲס
ԭܿһͷȻ⵱ׯ飬ȴЩʹ졣ɣׯϵʲôԵܸɣЩ˾Ǻó
ʵ֪ʲô£
ʲôԵ飬ֻ˺С밲ˡ˵
ô˵ܿ΢΢һ㶣ЩȻԭǹ밲İ
Ȼ˵ͷĸū밲ҲӦġ
ܿЦЦûôĹأ밲ȥϷһˡ
ȻūҼˡ̧ͷ˰ܿһۡ
ֻ֬δ㣬ֻüñʹ˼ʣѾʮֵľΪˡͷϴ֧Σ鴹࣬֬ʳ
΢΢һЦˮŮӣԼòŵ̲סЩʡ
ܿûвĴһ㣬Ц˵ǾԵƬ̣һȥϷ밲ˡ
̻عҲЦʲôͲ͵ġ
һߵȥˣѾָһ衣
ƻܿһ࣬˵СˣĽһôĵСް
ܿ˻һϺ˵۰С㡣
֮˵÷ͲܺúóԣҲֻǲݲݵĳһЩһϷԺȥ
һ·Ҳͣһ˵һ˵ߵʱûУϻ¶˷ǵ˷ʤ
Ҳܿƻ˿Ǵ춼ոջûжãոǲϤҪǶоô죿
ƻȴЩ͸
ˣԭӦһܴˣǽһ˵Ļ¶㲻ϸҪǰܿĶҲ̫һ㡣
һڵϷ˵ԺУһ̤žͿѾڴˡ
һ߽ǰһҪ˵Ϸ˵ķУҲûг
Ϸ밲
ĸ밲
˰ֿ˵С밲
Цһ
ôһˣϷЦʵ
ܿش밲һû극Եһ²ŹϷ밲
ԭйأĸ밲ⱾǺģҿ⸮гҲûһġϷ˵ɫһ䣬ЩӰˡ
ܿһЦʵҲܹǣһʼӲãʱ˯˯ģҲˣͰ밲ˡŻָûм죬û˵밲顣
㲡еʱһȥ㡣ϷʮֵĲá
ƻ˵ĸĪˣ֮ǰλ˵ҪȥĸףǱҸؾ𣿡
𣿡ϷЦЦǵǹֻЩҽڣ
ƻЦЦǸҽڣϾǵĹҪĸ˹ǣҺĸҲ᲻ġ
ˣˡϷŭ˭֪Сһݵˣ̫һˡ
ĸƻϽǰһסϷ˵ĸ첲ĸҴˣĸĪҪ
Ϸ˺һ˵ƻıӣѾͷƤʲô鶼
ΪĸҡƻЦ
Ϸ˰ͷԶ̵Цǵƻֳ˰·һˣȥһ·
ܿҲ࿴˼ۣȻƻϵȹҲһЩЦϷ˿ƻŮԼҶûע⵽
͵ĺǳÿ죬ƻһӣûע⵽ҲϷЦ˵
ܿ˵ͷ˵һ·ҲͲ̫ˣЩ·ûдͶܴˡοмԭЩ˵ľ¡˿̣ʵСҪ·𣿡̸Ҫ˵ȴϷ˴ˣͲòˣǸѾʱ·ˣʱ·㵹Ҳƻ׼׼ɡ
 

һʮ 

Ϸ˵ĻЩۿȻжƻͰܿĺһ㣬Ǿô飬ҲѧԼˣϳЩӲ֮⣬ûʲôı顣
ƻһۣҲûж˵ʲôֻϣܸ㹻ĽѵܹʵʵġֻҪʵԵ޹ʵĳֶ
Ϸתͷжƻ˵Լûз·𣿡
ƻͷ˿ԼӣҾûͦʵġ
˴ĶͷϷЩɸֵ˵˵鶼ܴŴ´ôͲ֪
ƻᶼҪˣĸ֪ˣԺѧ´ġԺһƯƯĸ밲
Уҵšһ۵ӣϷЩۣĶͷô𣿡
ƻ˵ͷίͰ͵ı˵һС
϶һһֱҲЦţǱոȾһ㣬û˿⡣мֲ²͸ˡ
Ϸ֮ȴû뿪뿪ǿŰܿһֹģ
ôˣʲôֱ˵ǡܿһŤŤ̬ģиӵĲϲ
˵ʵ鲻һС£Ӧ鷳˵ġ
ʲô£˵ɡܿƢõˣҲ˼ֲ졣
Ǳŵһ㣬ӵսսʲôƵġ
ܱ߲ͣðͷѾߣƻѾµĿġôҶ֪ܿһôϿĸһСҪ˵ĸܿȴһʮֲͷģԶ˵Ѿߣһѵˡ
ƻֱӴôˣ岻Ǹĸױǣھ
ﱻĴϣҲû¶ʲôرñ飬ֻ˵Ҳ岻ֻ˵ǸԺѾòסˣϲ֪ǲǱˣµһЩľм
ԭô¡ܿ˵ֱȥչ£еĽݶġҲոˣӦҲġ
˵ͷһмı˵лˡ
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һ֪Լʲôı飬ãȻ֪ĿŰܿǸίӣ˭ⶼǱ۸˵ӡ
ƻҲ΢΢üͷʵѶԸģУӵı䱾ɼһĽɫ
߹ȥ˵ôʲôȻ˵йأҲһ˲ǣԺʲô龡ĸףĸĸҲǰ׽еá
Ͻ˵ͷǣūҼˡ
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֮ԭһ䣬Ĺ˹ƻıӰҲȻ֪ԼĿˣ֪Σʲôܷһʱܷȫ
ѾССǱ߻ء
˵ͷϵû˴룬߰ɡ
̵Ժӣһһľõʮ־£һЩݶʮƷ֡
Ҫ˵ոԺǻոԺӣԺӾԾԺӡ
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ӽ̵ķ䣬̴Ц⣬Ѿ֮ͨ˽ȥ
߽վϵЦҲ˼֣ˣɡ
︣˸ӣһߵϣѾеĲ裬ûʼ˵
˵̿˿Цôû￴һ仯ûء
ЦС˵ЦˣС㶼Ѿһˣôûб仯ء
ҲЦ˵ҿʵʵ˵˵·ء
ôõˣС㻹ǵáϴż⡣
̿ϵıЩ仯Ҳӵĸˣæ˵Ȼҳôﶼûиһ·ָ·ʮֵĸж
ıҲܿƽֻЦʱСӣϷ˺үұ޲·Ӧ£һû뵽ЩЧԭ۵ĲϣСܲѾūҵˡ
 

һʮ 

ô˵˵ôأȻûмˣҲᾭء
΢΢ЦЦǼС°ˣ
˵ɲС£˵
˵֮֮һĬʵһֱûʲôôһûʲôĵġԶԻһֻһϲͣĴת
̿ԽԽΣֻӲͷƤ˵ʵҰйȷʵ¡飬һҲ֪ˣԲһƻĸŮݺģҲңĸǲҡҲǶĸŮжôˣĸҲѾԻˣһһˣ
ĻȻûʲôȴ¶˼ֵ⣬˵СҲ֪һֱׯҪ˵õ飬ĲǺҲ֮Ϸ˵˵ڷ˺С飬Ϸ˶ᡣ
ʱѾ֪Լʲô飬ʵϲûʲôν飬ϷǱҲһ֪ˣȻС㲻Ϸϲˣǲĺá
ܡǸϾǰ׸ŮܻһЩȨģǹһˣһ˺ܺùôİŪ
ĻѾ˰أҲһĪŭѵ͸ôƻĸŮѹ𣿡
С˵ЦˣұͲһССɴЦ⣬Сûʲô飬ūҾ뿪ˣԺлҪɵĵط
̿ŭأʵ㵱治Ը𣿡
ūȸˡ￴ܻӣҲмֲͷֲϷԽԽƻһȣ֮
ҲǣĴҲͲԼôйˡ
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ܿЦҲ뷨ֻе˱꣬ǰǽ˹Ҳδʵףֻٵһȡ
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ܿҲ׹Ҫָһ˼תͷһƻ֪ضǿϡ
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չ΢΢ͷһģ˿ˣҲҾ֮Ͱˡ
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ʵ˵ҲǺܶ࣬ܿЩʧƻȴѾˡ
˵лչ¸֪
չϵЦҲ˼֣С˾ȸˡ
ܿҲЦչˡ
֮󣬰ܿ΢΢ЦЦ˵չǿϡŶĸ˵ôİɣ
ĸ׺αطֵôأǻʲôҰƻĸ첲˵һչᵽ⼸˵˲㲻ϸˡ
ô˵ܿЩ׹ԭôһ˼˵⼸˶ûʲôġ
ƻͷ˵ʣµ˶ٶһЩˣ˱ٿһ飬ֱӽǽй˵¹ѻĸһѻҲúúõһա
ʵôһ彻ҵϣҲЩϾôҲûйܹˡ֣ܿҲ¶οߣʲôҲи
ƻ￿˿ģԺߡ
ܿ΢΢ĵͷֻķҲδ˵
 

һʮһ Ժ

磬չ±˰ܿķУرӵ
ôأ֮ܿ΢΢һüͷ
չµͷҪǸӱˣⷿʱĿܣⷿӿûа취סˡ
ܿҲ΢΢ͷַȻǲסˣȰᵽ᷿ίһӣ޺ٰᵽȥɡ
Ļչ¶˼ֵΪѣ֪Ժ˵Ĳͬûʲô᷿֮һѾסķӰˡ
ôܿЩȣǸôԺӣ
չ±˵֪ԺӲһԺӣһ÷԰ȻǵԺһ㽨᷿
ܿ˵ԭǸлʲôеԺ𣿡
еԺӵȻеģǳǼλճԺӣֻǱǵĶûд꣬Ķ̫ƫԶһЩ
֪ܿģΪ﷿ﲻֻһЩ˽˵ĶһЩڼɶĶǹģҪ⣬ʮֵ飬һ͵ġɾǵķӿ˳飬סȥҲ᲻
һʱ֮ҲЩûа취죬һ߿˱ƻͻȻʵչɸϷ˵𣿡
չȻҡͷ֮ұֱˣûȥϷ
ƻ̧ͷ˵鿴һС£Ϸ˲˵ҲǺܺãҪһЩչȥϷһĸҲ֪
⵹ûʲôչ±ӦҾȥϷһ˼
ϷչµĻ֮ϴЦ֣˵㿴ҵ˼
ֻ֣Цţûж˵ʲô
ѾõĲˣ̫ǣǿŰİɡϷ˵ֻǻǲҪ̫ƫԶΪãϾе˶ţԷ˵Ҳа
չµ˵ͷֻֻص˻С
Ҫ̫ƫԶ˵ĺãϷ˵Ļǻʲôû˵ǳֻʣһЩȽƫԶԺˡ
ɣԺҲܴ󣬿շӦ٣ȥסһʱɡܿ˵
ƻһߵȥйɡҪһ˼
ûã˽ܿƻ֮ʵ֪˽ūν£
ܿ˵Ƿչ¶ѾˣίˣԺҲûʲôסĵط㻻һԺסֻǱ߿ճԺӻ㣬ʣµĶǱȽƫԶԺӣȵԺס죬ȵɺˣٰԼԺǡ
Ҳû˵ʲôĻֱӰڵ
֮мֵֻ̿˵ΪΪūôˡ
ûʲôܿ˵ҲʹϷˣҲòס̫ƫƧˡ
˵Ϸˣ۲һ֪ѾǿʼźԼˣҲֻЦ˵ȻҾͰշ˵ģȥԺסǡ
ܿͷǱһ˴ɨɾȻȥʰһɣԺӽϻǱ˯ˡ
ūҶлѡ˵㿾뿪ˡ
鲢ûô׾ͽˡ
ܿȥԺȫ̸˳Ǵ޴֣˵ʲôո߾ҪռԺӡ
ܿƻֻԹȥ
С㣬ˣǲҪռԺӡֻΪԺҪɣûа취ֻܵס졣ܿ˵
ôĽȥ̴ƭңҪռǵԺӣȻðҲϳȥû뵽㿴ģʵǸŮһĻ
˵ʲô㣡ƻЩõ㲻ţԼȴһķʲôӣܲסˣ˵˾ֻס죬Ǳ޺˱ȥ˵ֲҺĸҪ˵ʲôҪռԺӡ
ȴŭ㻹ƭңոʲôԺûУΪʲôһҪס
ؼܾѾƻˡôܻ鵱ûı
ȻոлԺӣЩԺӶ̫ƫƧˡֲǷʲôôܰᵽԺӵȥأܿǺȰ
˵֮ҲŹˣʱҲһ˵ǰС㣬ǸеҲ˽һЩģ˺Сôƭأ
Ƕһģ˭Ļţ̴
վԺӵſڣκ˽ȥ
ô˵ͨܿƻЩΣֻȥϷ˵һϷ˵һ˵ǻû뿪ȴ˹
 

һʮ Ϊ֮

߿һһֺѾҲŲٵĶ
û뵽ô죬ܿЩȵôôˡ
ô˵ﵹЩ˼˵ʵæоӵ飬ҲûжʰԱ΢ʰһ±ˡ˿ڶŵˣЩɻʵôˣ
ܿûüشǱѾһðǣھѾѶˣǸͲҵͬģѾô
ʵҲǰܿƻӦ뵽Ի·һ̣ܲôһͬ顣
ĻﵹЩˣʵǲǶС㲻ӭҹ
ܿûлش𣬵εıѾ˵һС
Լİݸ֣˵С㣬Ϊ̫ļˣ˵֮ұϽʰˣûи˺Сͬʱ䣬ЩҵĹϣС㲻Ҫ⡣
ҲţǸҪҾͷҸ㲻ܣҪҪԺӳҵʬ߹ȥִ˵
ûʲôչˣƻ˵һˣСҺĸ׻ϷȰһȰɡ
˵ͷ˵Ҳá
һҪȥϷˣ̸ӵŭɶϷѹ𣿱ΪҲ֪Ѿ˶ԲߣƭϷͬǵ뷨ҸϷ˹ҲԲɿڵģ
⻰˸Ρ
￴һЩǰһ߻˵ʲôǽͻȻһֱˤȥ
ƻȻۼһѰסˣȴһѾ߸˳ȥײ̵ϡ
̾һֱˤ˵ϣŭˣֱͳϵıӣǸѾ߾һӣһŭΪҺ۸𣿾Ȼ˻ң
ѾƣʵҲˤ˵ϣ춼ûְһӣһѪۣЩˡ
һߵĽϽ֮ŭȻŽһӡ
Ҫ㿪һ練ƣܾô¶ԼݣֻһӣҲƤһѪۡ
һΪԭƽϵĶƻһӾŭˡȻһеĵ׻úõվţһҵӡ
ƻ΢΢üͷȻı鿴ûʲôǾǹġ
ۿҪٱӣ̴ס֣
ȻûҪסֵ˼ƻֻó˹ȥֽıӶ˶ѾҲˣ̫֣
ù˱ӣ̺˼ЩŵʲôҸ㣬Ȿˣ
ƻıӣ㲻ҲǳԵΪʲôҵǰˣӣתͷ˵ǲ۾ʹƵƣƲŲС㣡
ʱҲȴһһί˵ǰҸղŲСƹһѣײ˶СϡСҪ𷣣ǾҰɣ
̿ίģתͷƻǱģΪѾȻһҵĴС㣡
ƻüͷ׹һȷʵģֻǲ֪Ǵ￪ʼ߻һеģ
һߵİܿЩȥˣ˵ڳô˶ˣΪûվȣһƵġô˵ﶥأ
Ҳ˵ͷϽ˵ǰⶼҵĹͲ˵顣
Ȼô˵ţȫôԸı飬ǹ̵뷨
ɶˣȻô˵һ˵
ղȷʵûп⿴ƻĸŮȥˣûǸֻ֪Լײˣ˭ʵûпҲԼµģϣƻָʹģȥϷһ״
ЩѾǣ֪ɣɲԺеˡܿ˵
޹ܼҲ˵԰ҵʱҲȷʵһѣŰ˸Ƶϣʲôһ˵
ҲڲͣĵͷС㣬ˡ
ƻѾһίǿı飬ֱʵʲô飬ѵί㲻ɣ
ϽҡͷôأղžҲСĵģ
һѾȻ˺ܶ࣬˵Լһ㡣
 

һʮ 

̿⸱ģӵŭƻ̫
ѾƻֻĿûٿ˵
Ƿȥ˰ɡܿĽ廹˵
Ȼ˵ѾѾ˴򣬲ǲǹģСҲӦˡ
һҪô˵ǲǳ˸ղžǸѾңһѾôԵ޹ʵңһָʹģԲܾôˣͼռԺӵ飬һҪĸֻһ
С㣬ĶΪԵʣĲط˺ʹС°һߴ˵
̿һۣͲˣҲһɵӣܿĳҲǱǱȵģһҲỹһ
˵Լһɵأһɵӣƻĸ˸ԼĶͷﻹһ鷳
ЦһӵС㻹š
û˵꣬ƻ̴ĻﻹǲҪˣҶУʵʵûбҪΪ硣㻹ȰѶŻȥɣȵ⿪ˣһȥ֪ͨ㡣
￴һۣ˵ȷʵСѾģôܡ
ƻٴδĻôͶС㶼ȥģԻʡЩɣȻȥɣ
˵Ȼȴ÷˺СԵ޹ʵıԩ
ƻ͵üҪ㸴ˣ˵ͿǱϷ˹
Ƴһ߸ŵ̵ѾߣȻ׹ȥ˽˹
Ͱܿ˹ȥϷ
ܣС»Ϸˡܿӣ
ϷѾʮֵĲãۿһۣûֻǿƻʵ⵽ô£
ƻҲûͷ˵ĸʱٰԺʰȴøˣִҲǿǵĲȫӦ˹һõ˼ġ
Ҳ˹ƻĻ̵ĸɲҪƭˣͲģǵѾ߹ʶûһԺﴳﻹڿ˵Ƿ˺ʹСģǼȫҷ
𣿡ϷƳһۣŭվʲôӣҽ˵
˱˰ԺӣϷλΪ飬Ǿôã
˵ɲ飬ƻһѾ߾ȻҸƵˣȻ
ǵģʱ˵ȷʵΪūûվƹһѣŲСİѶСײˡ
Ϸ˵ǰίȻѾûôˣȴҲûаֵĻźͼУ·֮һ㡣
ӣƻԵһۣŮ˿ǽƻ
Ϸ˾㻹ʲô˵ģ̿˵
ϷƳһۣʵѾأ
ײõѾƣʱͱøһӡߵĽҪȥҲôһӣѾȥȥˡƻ˵
˵̱û֮ǰֱ׳ˣ΢΢ͷҲûж˵ʲô
Ȼ˶Ѿˣ㻹ʲôĵģϷ˿ŭȻһѾ߰ײˣΪʲôѾߡ߾һƺͽߵĴѾߣ˵ʹ˭Ĺأ
û뵽ԼȰϷһѵЩŵĸвҵĴҺôҲոС㣬һѾǶҲȻҰҸײѵֽܶѵѵ𣿡
ײϷǿŭ˵ѵĶѾȻã㶯ʲô
ƵϣͲͷѾߵģҲ˼ŭ˵
ղ˵飬ȷʵСһѡϷ˵
Ҳ˵ǰСȷʵΪûվȣǴСҪҶ
ƻȴͻȻڵȷʵģǲ֮Źô˵ġҵĴûйܺˣĸ𷣾Ұɣ
ָϷ˴ĸ˰ѣˡͲµģָʹѾҵģסԺӵ飬һҪҽڰռԺӣðҸϳȥ
ڣϷ˷ûһʼôˣֻɫЩƻʵĲ𣿡
 

һʮ 

û뵽ƻȻͻȻĿڣЩţȴֻܿ˵ƻӦʮֵѸ٣չȥֻҪ΢¶һԥϷһһỳĸŮ˵ѣȰ¡
Һһֱ̬ȶȽֻҪıԼ̬ȾͿˡ
ʲô뷨ƻô᲻֪Ϸ˵⣬˵ĸ黹㲻Ҫ׷ˣ͵ҵѾĺˡĸƻһԹҲС
ƻһߵİܿЩȥˣֱӳʲô
ƻĻϷ˾֪ҪеԼϣƽϢһˣŰܿԴŭӸȷе뷨
ƻȴΪһ˵ĸϢŭɫѾˣǿЩһİɡ
Ϸȴֿһߵʵĸ˵һ
һƬԥʮֵΪѣūʵǲ֪ô˵ˡ
ܿһǰ²˭ίûί㣬㻹Ҫڳôһ˭
¶һ֪ӣϽ˵ǣūҵĴϢŭ
Ϸ˿һߵһۣ˵ô£
±еԭԭ˵һ飬Ȼƻ˵Ĳʲôʵ
һߵȴʮֲģ˵ĸǸһģԾǵˣȻô˵ȻͻȻ˵ˣԺӵҲ˵ģʲôӵҲûȥ˭֪ǲûа취סˡ
ϷתͷŭԺѾסˣԼȴסɣ
ĸ̴е㵽Ҫƫ̻ǵʲôʱͲҵĴΪʲôʲô鶼ҵͷϣ
ãûǰɣϷŭҽ͸߸㣬㵽ˣûоͬͽԺӣȷʵĸŮá˼ҲѵҲûиǷѾסȻ˭ţôøѾȥһ˭Ļţ˭Ǻһģڿ˵ոĶС㣬ЩһһС£
Ϸ˶˶٣м˵˵ڶ£㻹˵˶ǺĸŮһģ˵ƻָʹѾ㡣˵ƣ˵ûпʲôһҧƹģ
һ˵Щƿԣʮֲ˵ͲԸ˵Щ
ϷͿˣҪԼ飬ȴӶвԸ
ȻûУūֻЩҰˣôܻвԸȻָϽ˵С㣬ǧҵĴҲСƹūҰɣҪٺϷ˶ײˣ
ֻЩˣȴҲ˵ﲻԣֻȷһ飬𣿡
ûаֵίˣ̵˵ͷң
ȷӣ̸ЩãˣҲЩǲˡ
ƻϷʲôˣָϽ˵Ϸһɺϰˣ˭ǹģĸҪ׷ˡ
Ϸһ㵹ǻˣ˵ĺãҲ֪֪ί˭ҵ˰õҩ͹ȥѾͷúõˡ
лĸƻ˵лһƬĺ⡣Ҫ׷Ӧ׷ΣѾˣԼҪ׷ϷȴͲ롣
ľ˳ˮ۰ˣѾͷĳϣʱһ
Ϸֿʵ»˵һû𣿡
Ȼͷǲģ˵дĸҲֻͷһˣ
˭ֻһˣϷ˿ŰܿܿҲ֪Լ˰ɣ
ܿ˵֪Ƿˡ
Ϸ΢΢ͷ̬Ȼ⣬Ȼ̲ͬסԺӣԺӲǻкܶĿշ𣿾סԺɣڽ飬ոִãӦúܶ鶼ϤҲ̫ˣһµǮɣ
ܿͷԸܷ
źۼĺƻһ˶ЩղϷһʼﰲԺֻû˵ܿҲûᵽ˼ýᣬŽ˻ӡ
̳ûʲô˵ˣ㷴ӦٳٶۣҲ֪ǵϷ˲ˣϽ˵ĸҲ֪ԼˡûеطסĻԸסҵԺ
 

һʮ ո

ˡϷɫʮֵ䵭˵ͲòˣʵûйصĺܣԽѵԼѾߣĸȻײңҿûǣһᰲһָ㣬½̽أ
ȻЩǿϷѾֻóӦˡ
Ȼһ䣬ǱӰԺ˳
ܿº͵ϣҲ˼ͼĶһʰҲٻȥˣֱӸһȥɡ
ûвеĲƣﻹЦǣлˡ
ܿһû˵ʲôһ˱߽˻ӡ
ס֮ǰסǸԺӰɣЩѾǾ͸ԺѾסڱ𴦡ܿתԸѾߣȥط
ԸˣܿҲûйǵķӦͱ飬ֱӻԼķ䡣ʹŭԼܷҲûʲôؼƻί
ΪôӡƻҲЩ˳ǿŰܿôӣﵹҲûôˣתͷο
ܿЩŭȻһˣϷҲǣ˭ˣֻ¶˵Ϊʲôƺͽ˾ô𣿣
ȻˣЩҶͷϡƻͲҪˣҲ֪ϷǣģҲûа취顣Ҫÿһζǿûһͷˣ
ܿ΢΢̾һŭһЩȴЩ䣬ԭΪĸҲܻˣɽɺãǱ㻤ˣ
ĸô˵Ļʲô˭˭ģŮҵͲжһҲӦõģƻЦ˵
ֵܿ̾һۣ˵ʲôҲˣ´ξԲһί
ƻֻǵ˵ͷֻЦţҲû˵ʲôĸܹǿȻû˱ˡ
ֹ֮죬еһֱƽµġ
ֻƻȴôƽΪѾûйˣȻƽʱҲûʲôǲô
ѵΪѾҡ
ȴһ㶼߶߸Ǳ߽˽˵С㣬Ϸȥһˣ˵ǴӴѹˣ˵ǰݷϷġ
һǴӣƻӡҲôãҲ֪ʲôݷϷ˶ģӦþԼģֻϷһýˡ
´һһ·һĽ㻹ǻȥúϢɣýȥɡ
ҵ˲µģֻһЩƤ˰ˣϷ˸ҩҲȷʵãĺõĲˡ˵
ƻȴ֣õٿҲŸոչ죬ȥн岻ɣ
ûа취ֻðѽ˹ƻȥϷ
һ߽Ϸ˵ķ䣬ƻһ۾Ϳ裬΢΢һʣ̽Ҳ̫ˣȻ͸ôոܣ
ûй©㣬ֻǹ񣬡ƻݼӣݼĸ밲
Сɡ΢΢Ц˵
ʵȻ֪ƻǵԸʲôӵģƺĸֶʮֵ⣬һֱͣĴߴԼոݷһ˿һֱţĸһˡ
ССӦûǵ°ɡЦ˵
ƻ΢ͷû̧ۿڣֻǵСŮȻǵǵõʱȹСŮأ
ϵЦ˼֣ǱãϾڼС㣬ɡСǵ˭ˣǸˣ
˵ЦˡƻɵͷĿбӡ
ӵЩȻתͷϷ˵ôٲаݷʵЩ˼
ôأڽʱͬȻʮֵķأһµ̫ʲôأϷ˿ЩɻҵҲǵλֻϴ̫ңûʱл֪մ
˵λǲǸĻţһλ
ԭǲϷϲûΪһССĻŶ¶һı飬˵лƻ
Ц΢΢ҡҡͷϷ˲ÿղǾ֮͡
кһӣϵձЩסˡ
Ϊ˶ƺһֱٱƻ˵˵һ֮⣬ûٸƻ˵һ仰
⵹ƻЩ֣ǵĵʱԼм飬ôȴԼô䵭ˣʲô˸ĹۣҲãΪϾⳡԼǲֵܶģ˫û˼ã
 

һʮ Źֵ̬

ӲţѾͻȻ߽˵Ϸ˶Сˡ
Ϸûһ壬пڣǿƵЦɡ
߽񣬡Ϸ밲ǲŷһ㣬΢΢һ죬ݼ£֪ʧˡ
һɫ·ͷϴżֻӣһֱ޲ðɫᵽϵһֱصĲˡ
Ȼϵ֬ûôأһҲ֪Ǿĵιǲ֪ǾĴģ
ҲһҲЩòϾǰֻõ̵·߾ϡǼʹЩȣǲʲôòƻһ߶Աȶ˲ʧȥ˹ʡ
Ǿò˫Σĳ˵ĴһЫ˰ˣ
С㲻ض񡣡ֻǿ˵
΢΢̧ͷһֵۣͷϵĺθ
Ϸ˿ӣ΢΢һüͷ̿ɣվʲôӡ
ǣ֮Ҳû˵ʲô£ſھʵ֪ν£
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ʺҪ𣿡һϲʵ
᪵ʱЩΣǣǸմС㡣
һϵЦЩȻЦԭǸİ
̫æûиС´һǵãЦŸΧ
ϵЦֲ۾΢΢һģ
ģ̲סһƻûвʱջߡֲ룬Ҳĵɰöá
̲Ƕлص죬Ƕƻȴ䵭Ҫ˵ԼϷ˺趼Щˡ
Ը⿴ģΪǶϣԼܹ֡
費źۼĺƻһۣǵĴżֲѰЦ⡣
Ϸ˿һ᪺̣ȻʵȫϣռҺͻճôֻҪƻˡ
΢΢Щ˵˾ͲˣʵǶԲס
Ҳվ˵ϷӲʾ͸ϽȥϢɣôãҲøˡ
ôأºòһˣۿҪ磬ζҪһٱ㷹ٻȥϷ˸Ͻ˵
Ҳæ˵ǰǳ˷߰ɡ
ʵڲûؾϷ˵ĺ˵ͷǾ鷳Ϸˡ
˵⻰ɷˡϷЦ˵ǸֻѾͷǴӲ⣬Ǵոһɡ
ȻӦʣ˱뿪Ϸ˵Ժӡ
ƻǰ棬·߱ʵո𣿡
ֱӶԻ᪱޿ɱܣֻЩӲ˵ȻģҲкܳһʱûˡ
ԭƻЦЦҪ˵СŮŴĴһ䣬ʵҲ˵أϾҲǸոջոûжðˡ
мֵʧ䣬̲ס˵СȻڻûӦǱϾСļңӦúܿӦġ
ƻ˵ͷЩĿһۣʵҪһͷ̸ܰˣȴû뵽Ȼ˵
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һۣ᪵лȴһ˿ĸˡ̲סΪѣǲǾΪʮһ춼ĻһòȥԲԸ
ƻ飬ǲôˣ
һߵͻȻʵС㣬ǱߵԺʲôģ
ƻһۣаľ棬ЩЦȴʮֵҡҡͷ˵ҲǺӦҪðɡ
ҲͶƻһֱ˵ʮֲˣһ˵Ļᣬ̵ǸԺ԰˼ʮʱһʢʱڷǳھûһɿˡ
˵ͷȷʵ̫ϧˡЦ˵С㻹Ǵȥо͵ĵطɡ
۾ֱֱĿƻмвζҪٸҸ˵Цģǲ֪Լʲôˣ
ƻҲ΢΢Щ䵭֪Ҫʲôľ¡
ôרעĿԼ̲סϵЦ⣬ʲôľ¶ԡֻҪߡ
רעƻ֪ôģȻû˵ĺ仰ٳҲЩȻ
ȻĻᣬϽڵոȷʵôϤ绹·ɡҪ˵ոõľ£԰ˮͤˣǵºλȤұȥһ
 

һʮ ֻ

ǰ棬ƻһ貢硣
պƻ֮˻⣬᪵ЩҪάķΧתͷƻ˵
һԵɫȴ񽥽ıɱӦ֪ôܿܵƻǸϹӣҲᱻģ
ԼߵԽԽ͵ѹƻǸǺЦֻö˵ҲҪ·Ҳºһ;ķ羰ɡ
ЦͷӦ㿪ʼɲһֻ˵ˡ
һ㣡ƻ̲סС
һʲôҸʲôˣ
ദˣƻѾ첻ǵԭǸʲôˡǰˣﻹܿǰԶĵ
ڵѾڵûбˣһֲ߻˹ҵķѲ˵˶Ūڹ֮СԼǰϵӸԸһأḡʱ򻹰ԵڻԼƢ
ЩʵʵڵҲʵʵڵĸо˲ֻǻĻ䵱УͬһˡǰĲһʵģѪ衣
԰⸱ģֻǰ
뵽ƻ̲סһ£̲ס˸Լؿڡ
Ĭһ֮ɫͻȻ΢΢һ䣬̽סôˣﲻ𣿡
ƻ̧ͷ㿴һĽţ΢΢һĹĺͽҲһ㶼εģԼǰǺޱ
˵ôˣʹĿԼҲ˵ӵĽţѾǺ
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ɫ۵ȾһĨѪɫɱⶼżֳɫ
ƻɫ仯˿ھͻɱ᪣Ҳ˲ôֱ࣬Խ᪵ĸ첲һץס֣Щŵ˵ңŵˡ
ָԵĻ˵ˣ̴ӣΪǱԼ⸱ģŵˡ
᪵ûעɫı仯ֻǿ˽յϣɫҲʵô£
ƻǲŲԼʲôһ㣬Ͻɿ֣һһľźɬ
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ɫ΢һ£ԭôһ¡㲻̫ˣȻġ
Ȼô˵ﻹмֲ죬ΪƻʶҪѰİԼģЩڣϾӦȳȥȺȳ˾ȡ֪жӦð˴˼棡
Ҳ΢ָһЩС㲻⡣
ѾָƻҲ̧ͷһۣлżֵǺǸ⣬Ҳ֪߻бˣԼġ
ղŻҪл΢΢һЦ
ЦƽеıŰҲ΢΢Ц̾ϢţƻҲҵˣ֪û˰ɣֻ㣬ֻƽ
˶ӵģʮֵĲ죬Ȼû£Ǽ߰ɣͤٺúõϢ
ϵıҲܲÿƻһӣôһ˶ΧתǴ£ƾʲôܵ
һ߽ͤ鿵Уﻹƻһι
һϸ̨ͤ洨ԴͷһԶ͵±ڣˮϷ£죬ˮηɽһ
һµľɫ̾
ЩʱѾȴ׼ѾǣѾ˹ڰϰںá
λƻ
֮᪱˵ϴСĲһ£첻֪ûڸ
ƻҲŤЦԸΪЧ͡
Ȼһ裬豾һܣܵҲ֮һˡ
һĵļʣһĵĴ⡣
ƻ˲裬ݵ᪵ǰָһ衣
ΪǰһǣҲʼչʾԼȻ費УǿӲָһ
ڰϵı֮ƻˡ
Щ𣿡軹ûǸղƻ岻顣
 

һʮ ٶ

ƻȻǵ飬΢΢ҡҡͷû¡
ʹ˵˵Ҳòģֱס
ƻһ
𶯣һס֣ҲģѰӵûܿ
ƻôǿƣֻò
ȷû⣬һԺɲôˡ
Լ̫ˡƻԼҪ裬ȴӻţôȣζ
迴һۣһˬĲ衣
ƻЩ̿ĻӵǸĲͿˡ
УͲǸģһĲˬУΪʲôҾͽĻô裬ǵ¡ӵĵ£
⻰ƻΣֻðѺĲ趼һһܺ˰ɡ
ѹסǵЦ⣬豭ڱǼһţƻĲ輼˫Ǻ˷ѣ
˰㣬ҪǿôҵķϣҲ˷ҵĲ裡ƻһ˵
ϵЦƻԺͶ˷ҵϰɣһ㶼⣡
ƻӣûİһۣиһ裬Ȳ趼²죡
ӣеǳɢɾˡ
ĳԷһЦƻ˵Ѿܾû󣬹컯յһȲ˰ɡ
˵ôòƻŲ豭һۡ
̲סһЦƻԺҲɣ̸ʲôııģֻǿȺȲ졣
ƻЦȴһɬĻĪˣҪ춼ˡԺټ֪ʲôʱ򣬿֮ϾкôܲΪĻӵĴı
Ŀ飬һЦҶˣǲ˵ƻҲ벻Щ𣿻˵ƻ᲻뿪
ƻЩȻ΢΢Լ˭᲻ˣ
ķӦЩ΢Ȼǲ᲻Լûȷ֮ǰҲ룬Լʧ
ĳĬƻӵĲԣϽ豭Լı顣
ʵҲǺ飬Ϊڵܺƻദʱ⣬˿Աߵ٣Цòþƻ벻һӣ
ᵯ٣ƻȻǰѾʶʵһ㶼˽ǰˡ
ͷҺôҲһӣֶҪѧġ
㵯ɣһĻӵҲҵҡƻ˵
վԣ˫ķϣתͷһƻȻʮҪһˡȴ̫ˣοڵĳҲʺϡ
΢΢ңһԵͳĲһңԵͳġȴʮֵˡ
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ƻŲҵ裬̲ס¶׼˶ǵģ֮䶼޷ĸ飬ϲá
ԽǻĽ࣬ȴԽзᣬȴ˵еİݡ˵ƺϢϢأĸȴܻӦһӦ
һˣƻòŻع֣ټȻ
Ҳ˹ҲЦ˵Ȼš
ֻ΢΢ǣǣижˡ
ижȻǺܶǿƻȻĺ͵ӣҿɫЩ΢΢ˡ
иǲˬùһߵЦҲˡ
˵űվߣʼࡣ
ʵٴʲôƻ趼ûһ˲֪ԼһҲڴܸԼӦ
һ״ֽ꣬ã¹Ȼ
΢΢һЦǿһ۱ûʲô仯ƻҲûôˣϵЦҲ̵˼֡
迴ЦɵǲҪƻһأ
׳ˣСΣ᪻Щ⣬ֱӶƻʵ
ƻһۣЦµļȻ˵ãĿһ׺ӡ
ô˵Ÿ˵֪Сɻʲô
ޱʲôƻ
ƭĹ᪣ȴƭ裬ӡƻҲǵһֺٵģټ츳ҲҪСͿʼģǴ꿪ʼ١
 

һʮ 뿪

Ȼ˵ᣬҲʧϾƻҲʲôᡣ
ȴԸµСŮᴵӣλǲǿˡ
᪲ǺܸȤҲЦ˵ǶСɡ
̸ѴѾ߾˹˵ǰѾ÷ˣϷūλȥ
̵ʱЩˣϾòײҵһƻĶû᪹Ŀ࿴
һ۾ͿĲã˵ûлСĵûйϵԺлģ
һĻƻָ᪵סרע
ǰԹ˷ƻְ˳ȥصϷ︴
ϷЩˣֻ˵仰뿪ˡ
ߵſڣ񻪺һдŵ⡣᪻ߣǸûеദĻᡣ
ƻһۣЩĪҲûд
ʲô˶ţߵ
ƻͷҲûأֱӻص˻ӡ
뿪ˣܿЦʵ
ƻ˵ͷԼһ裬֪ʲôģҵ̬Ҳȵĺ֡
ֻܿЦЦ鲻ôȤʵ˵һʲôˣ
ƻŲĶһ٣±Ӳ˵Ȼ֪ˣֺαҡ
Ļ벻ô߽ոˡܿЦ֮ǰ˵ȥ𣿡
ƻһΪˣ
ΪǹҵĶܿ˵ǰ˴գ
ƻһѣƮźΣ㲻˵ͻСô˵£
ܿЦãﲻ˵˻𣿷ҿ˭ף
˵ʲôҿɲסƻֺһڲ衣
뿪ոͽӵϢԭһжеʮ˳װӼලŸ˰ոĸ
ʵڲôҪ뿪ǱһȻ춼ɾΪһͣʱˣȻǰ¶ҲˣһԭȾͼĹԱ
ǸԱѾһЩ˵ˣȻķϢ鴫飬̸ϻȥ
ӵϢʱǱѾ֪ݱʲôԲ̷Ѿ뿪ԭԼûôΣǱߵƽͻܵӰ졣
صס֮ټ£뿪
һ˿ǣ뿪֮ȴסתͷ춼ĳš
ӣҪȥС˵һ߰ɡ翴ģ̲ס˵
ҡҡͷ۾һֱոķ򣬡ڰǱո̫ΣˣǱҲȲ
Ҳף׵뿪СһҪġ
ټ֪ǺʱողŸоƻĶҡ뿪һŬҪҲͣ輴̵תͷȥ
磬ܿѸеĹ¶е˻ӡ
λϺһڲ˵ĸλ£ͳǰӦǼҵģǶûмҡǰҲô¶棬ھ͸ɴѴҶйҲǿҲʲôͷ۵֡
ЦԼµҲЦֻЦҲиЦеЦþнеЦʵ⣬еЦֺá
мһĸһˡ
ܿ˵ı龡۵ף֮˵ǻҲ˵ˣҲǵһιܼңϷȻԽ̵Ҽ죬ԺҪλ¶ָ̲С
ȻӦˡ
ȽһԼϴչ˵һλ֣һλκ֣һλׯϺͷСܿҵĺۼɨˣ洺翴κϵĶЦⲢɼȷʵһλˡϺͷЩнĸо
Ц˵⼸ҲѸ˱һ飬Ҳһֿһ˸ɫȻе֡
վ˳ūڡȻɴЦȴһ㶼Եģͦܿ˵˱飬ҲûһĽš
ҿֵĿʮֵ꾡һҲһˬˡܿ˿ԼĿ佱ֵˣոĲҪģ
ϵЦл˿佱ūԵĽ
ҺϷȻֵġȻûʲô⣬ܿ˵ذɣûʲôˡ
ָ˸ӣūȸˡ
ܿһֱôͺ˽Ҳķ
´κ֣ܿҲǿ뿪ˡ
 

һʮ ô

ĹĿ϶ٶЩ⣬Щ˴󲿷ֶǰˣЩûٸơܿҲûͳ׳ͰǣǸеôҪġ
ܿгһ־ģ˵ձӣǹϲˡ
ԼСӣĵЦҲ˼ģлˡ
ܿЦ˵Ҫչ˸ҪչСҲһʮֵķæɣˡ
ЦһЩǵȻǸеӵҪ
ΪոǾľҲôǲǡܿ˵Ҳˣôˡ
һͷԣϽ˵ʲôأһ㶼ࡣ
ܿϵЦָ֣ղŻ˵أôһֲءֲΣһģߵʱٹùɡ
ٹùһһľȣ֪ĺôͻȻ䵽Լͷˡ
һȻԸ⣬æ˵ūӻţūҲչԸûʲôġͲ˰ɣ
ܿûӦĻǶһߵٹù˵ùñڼֵµģӦöԸڸԺиλӵ鶼˽ˣԺÿµĹҲӦ൱ƽûʲôɡ
ٹùͷӦ˹ĵͷū澶Щ鶼˽⣬һ˵
ֿ¾ҪǸˣԹĿ̴ʲô˼ҵˣúõĲ˵Ͳˡ
ҸԼۣܿŭ㻹ʲôǰҵɶԼĿԼû𣿾͵˵Ź̿ΪʲôԺﶼһǧԺȴǧٽ
ΪԺﻹסŶС㰡ֱ׳Ĵ
ܿŭΪʲôﶼͨ̿ȴ̵̿Ͱȥļ۸㣬һ̿͵ֵͨ̿飡ϷﲻҲٽΪʲôȴǧٽ
ܣĿ϶д̿飬ûʲôֻ̿Ǵš
ܿѾûԵŭˣֻϵЦʧˣīɫƺܰ˿һ㣬ֻҪĿ˾ͿЩ̿ɶǳԼҵӣֻҪһĿһ
ƿԣŰֱ֪ܿӰ鶼Ƶ˰ϣ찡д鶼Ǹİǲ˵İ㣬ҪҰһСϳȥȥ
ܿɫĪˣ㵱Ҳŷһ֣ǰģΪҲ쾭壬ôбȲһ˵˵ֲҪôȻ£ȻõͺúõĿӱˡǶӣϱֻҪǵĲȻš
һѾû˻أҲɿٷҪ˵һ䣬лˡ
飬ܿҲٹùˡ
׹˿һº͵ˣҲһûƢģʵЩﶼƵģûٸС
ʣµĹҲûһһѯʣȻһ˿Ц⣬˵ʣµλ£Ȼ˵ʲô󹦣ȴҲûдֻϣиסҪʲô׵飬ֻҡ
˸ϽӦȻ㶼ȥ
ʣµЩǸׯĹˣҪ˵⸮¸ӣׯӡǸи£ԺеĹϵҲǴ۸ӣҪʱ
ֻܿǼ򵥵˵䣬ȻϺͷ˵Ǻ˰ɣ˵ׯġ
Ϻͷżׯ˵ʵĿЩ˼ЦЦл˿佱
ɲһ˵ġܿ˵ûл᳢һׯӳźˣӦûϵϰɣ
Ϻͷ˵ͷϵϣ㲻ʳˣ͸ǳʱˣ
ܿЦãҽпڸˡ
˼䣬ܿһ뿪ˡ
˶뿪֮󣬰ܿ΢΢̾һЩƣ۵üͷ
ƻƿ߳ĸ˰ɣϢһɡ
Ҳãھͺ㶼ˣҲûʲôġܿЦЦĸǴЩۣϰҲͺˡ
ƻ߹ȥ̫ѨĸˡѻһգЩдҲˣҲͺôˡ
 

һʮһ Ī

ܿץգû£ʱҲˣæһ˿ɿȥϢɡ
ҲϢɣŮȻطˡƻҲûж˵ʲôֱӻ˷
˳Ե˳ʱȥܿķɫ뿪
صûжãŽֵ贫ϢҲûо彻ʲô飬ֻ˵Ѿ뿪ˡ
ƻֱӰһϣŭƭӣ
ʲôˣһߵŸ˻ŵĽʵ
ƻֱû£ȥɣ
ҲҶʣ˳ȥҲˡ
һתײƣǧһ˵СҪϢˣҪźˡ
ſڿ˿Ҳ֪Сϵʱôһź򣬱Ҳ˵ͷһ뿪ˡ
뿪ˣƻʵҲ֪Լûʲô˵ܺܿҪ뿪ˡ
ǽŸոռ棬Ҳеദʱ䣬Ҫ뿪Ϊʲôʱû˵н飬ǽʲô̶ȣһ鶼ûУ
ؼǣؼǣ˵ʲôʱ뿪һԼģûУϢǹ˺þòŵݵԼϣһͷβƭӣ
ͲӦ˵ʲôԼҪͲǵģ
Ǹܲ˵ǣ֪뿪ˣһ˲ĺиʲôطˡһֱԼһιϵģȻжҡҲû̫ܵӰ졣
ԼԼпһ飬ⲻ˵ԼѾˡ
һ˵ɬټеķŭ׵ķˣżݺݵһš
¶ҰݺݵĴһ磬𶼱Ļ˻Ρ
Ͻʵû°ɣĪˣ
ҡҡͷ̲סһ˿Ц⣬ƻˡ
ӣ΢΢һܲ˵ģ
赹Ҳ⣬ҲԼˣҲΪԼˣҲûʲô̫õİ취ֻϣܾ֮İлһҪԹúýͲС
ӹһţߵߣӣϢ
̲𿪣Ż⿴֮վϢˣ·
˵ѾٵߵƥԱߣҲ̸˹ȥæʵʲôˣ
ǱߺѾӵϢˣʮڸϻ춼ǱѾˣҪȫϲСٵĽ͵Ȼһ½µ̿
ִ˵׼ߣ֮һ˷ǵټǱӦûѲ顣
ǣӦһ
һҹɫ¿һҹֱʵܲˣǲͣϢ
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Ϸ˶ĵѹʵƻôˣ˭𣿡
ƻЦЦûУЩû˯ãͷЩΡ
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ˡܿӦһҲЩĵĿƻ
ȻҲƺǺܺãǿ˵ҪҲûš
Ϸܿƻ֣ʵôˣҲû˯õӣ˭ˣ
ƻ̧ͷһۣ˵ˡ
ţܿ΢΢һ㶣̹ʷЩϰߣΪͻȻ뿪ôģ
ƻȴֲ˵ˣֻĸײҪˣûµġ
ٻƲԼܿһ㶼û£ǼȻǺ˵Ҳûټȥֻһ·ص˻ӡ
ȴЦӭ˺СѾϷ밲簡
ֻܿԵĵһͷƻͲ״̬ѹû
뿪ʱ̧˫䣬̫Ŀˣϴεûҵ˾͸ôԼҪһЩУ
һҲȥϷ밲ˡ
صİܿʧƻЩǵʵǳʲô𣿡
ƻһۣҲǺ
Ӧʲô°ɣߵô𣿡ܿʵ
ƻҡҡͷмŭ
ӣܿҲӦΪûûԸ˵һ뿪ˣôİɡ
΢΢һЦƻķЩ̾⺢Ҫˡ
ƻЩɻĿһۣеĴȰᣬ￿˿ĸû£ֻĪЩѡ
 

һʮ ֪ʷ

ܿ͹죬ƻƺҲָǲѾˣֻԼ֪
˺ܶ࣬뵽ǰ豧Լʬ޵ģһֱԼģֲ֪ģѾԼԵռһϯ֮أ߶Ѿϲˡ
һֱקǲһ·ˣǼĹϵþֻǼ򵥵ϵ˭Ҫ߾Բİ֮ɻǰһͣıţѡ
վսʤһ㶯ҡֻҪͲپЩ⣬רĵĴǰ顣
ԺеѾ߷ǱпʼСϣƻϸ˰ڻӾǵ٣š
ƻͰܿϷ갲Ϳǰ챻ܿǰѵļ־Ȼӻҡڵ˳
˶һۣӭȥ
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ܿһ´˵ЦˣĸʲôԸء
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֪ô׵£ܿһ㶼⣬ֻЦһǲ֪Ϊʲôˣ
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һϽ˵ūҿĲ֪鰡Ҫ֪ȻׯӵĹµġ˵ЩΪѵɫūҸղҪǲЩϦˣԺҲһĹˡ
ܿģѾǼмʶϦĶ֪ҪȻ϶Ҫأ
ūҲҡͷ͵øͣЩŵ˵
ܿҲܸһǲңҽҲҪʲôֻǸһҪǼҪãǱá
Ҳ˵˸ūһʱ䣬ȵūҵʵһ滻
ׯӣȻ˵㡣ܿҪûб飬뿪ɡ
һתҪ뿪
һֱû˵ƻʱͻȻ⸮һĹ²֪ж٣ƫƫһ֮ҲǳζͶ
ܿĻǼƻĻѾһ֮ˡ
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ƻЦһôܣǴѿģôΪµ㣬Ͱ˻
ҾҲᡣܿҲ΢΢䣬ŻϣֱȥϷһ״ɣϷһҪ˵Сˣһ֣ҵĺʵѡڰ˻˾ˡһʶñӿոɾ͸ûʲôˡ
 

һʮ ̽ȥ

ƻŰ̲ܿסһЦĸ鵹Ŀͨ͸
ҲûҲôһ졣ܿһЦڼʱĸȻҲ̹ҹܼңԼ֣Щۡ
ƻס֣ҪǾˣЩͽҴɡ
ﲻ˵һ˵û¾͸˶һӵûôˡ˵Ц
ƻҲЦĸôһ˵Ȼ˶˲٣ݹ
𣿡ܿԼЦͻ￪ġ
ɾԲǡ
鵱Ȼûô򵥣ܿոˡ
е˵ʲôĶС˵˲õˣȴã˻ʲôû˵˵ǷҲҪ֡˵ǲǸֱǱԩģ֪룬żֵġ
ʲô˵ܿոսǵţһ˲ʧĸɾ
ܿȻʮֵǰҲûбֳʲôճȥϷ밲
̤ţͿϷţϵЦҲûʲô仯ϷȻЦ˵ÿ硣
һЩҲЦ˵
ܿ˵ͷԺҲϷ밲Ϸ˸ϵôãǼء
ֻЦһ㣬ϷҲЦţÿҲҪæ͹˵˵ҪԴˣ
ְܿٵ˵ǽˣҲʱϷ˵˵ˡҿǱһܼأ˵ûһ˵õġ
ĻϷ˵ҲʲôոǶϷ˵˭͸˭
ܿҲûʾ黹Ϸ˵𣿡
㣡Ϸɫ׳Ұί𣿡
ܿЦһҵûоίֻǾϷ˺ίˡ
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ܿҪ˵ƻϽǰһסϷ˵ĸôˣٸϷ˿Цأ
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ϷһЦƻǰЦţС˵
ʵĶһֱУŰܿûֱӷߵʱ߿ˡ
ܿЩ˳ǿһƻҲûиϷ˼ǺЦ˵ԣϷԺҲöң
Ϸ˿һۣҲûмУԺҲһ㣡
ܿ˵ͷû˵ˡ
һжУϷ۰ƻĳ̶һµʶҲԸܿ
ᣬˣūһֱҲûҵʵѡǼֻׯŹ¡Ƿ˷ģū˶أֻҪһ㶯ԴΪɰ˸ˡ
ֻܿǳһȣҲ˵ˣģҪǾоţòоͳˣûбҪʲô鶼ҡ
ȻתͷϷ˵㿴һС£һֱϣ˷
ϷҲЦЦװ֪һʵô°
ƻѻͷӹȥ˵Ҳ̫ɶˣﵱʱҲôͰ˸͵ׯأ
ϷҲ˵ͷ˵ȷʵʣ㻹ǸϽҸɡ
˵ͷ֪ˡ
ϷпŰܿ˵Ҳ˵㣬Ȼ֪ǸʲôˣôɴͳȥôոСĴôܹܵúôһҡ
ܿò׻ָһЩЦ⣬鵽ȻֵԼͷˣ⵹ĿЦˡ
ҲûһֱϷԼķ䣬̲סƢȻ˳ֱִӸɴ˵ˣҲһʲôռңԼôۣΪʲôҪŪôһӦң
ƻϽȰˣһúýѵѵǸ
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ʱҲûЦҲҧ˵ģͷ۵ĵңˣ
Ϸ˵һʵ
ϷЦһȻĸŮõˣ
 

һʮ ǰ

ܿƻѾõİ׼ңδȥվſڣ̲סۿ
Ѿˡƻϵܿжิӣ̲סսס֣ܿڵ
ơ
ܿԥһߵ˴šֺɵľƴڰָܿؽڵû£Գ졣
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ƻȴǰۿĸ׺ʹ߳ӣһãȻ
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үүƻҲɵػһðĴڡ
СС㣬Ҳˣ̫ˣƻǰ£ƻСЦСǸСһģ
ƻҲӵĴеİůҲҲ̲סЦ
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ƻǰûн׸Ĵţܿһν׼ҡ
ܿүү˵ĶһЩ飬ƻһᣬЩģ˳
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׷СóԺúźţϻЩӤʣ˿ȥģƻͳ׷СӣȻΪԼĶ֡
˭֪һ̣׷ֲŸոƻƻһתץס׷֣ǰȥ
׷һվȣˤ˵ϣʱɴ۾
ղô£ǱҰѾͷһ𣿻ԼûվȲˤģ
׷ûпƻĶȷһͷԼȹմԺ״Ҳƺ˴һʹʱͷһᡣ
ءҵĽţʹ׷ɴڵϲɤӾͿʼ¡
ƻۿŰ׷һƬ·ղŷ޹ϵ
ŵĶû̫⣬׷޷ȷǲ֡
Ǻǣ׷ĺþòˡǰ֮ʱ㲻ЦòôȴЦˣŰɣԺӻúܣǰˣֻ
ƻź⣬۵׵ĺԱѶ˲⾹һʮһŮͯĿ⡣
ȻԶһŲд˵ƻһǷ̰׷ѰͷѸٵػһ޺ı顣
׷Ҳˣʱ޵ø
һƻɻ
˵߲Ǳˣǰ׼ҵļ׺㡣
׺һͬߵܿԺģǰ׷ĸĸ׼ҳӰƺͳϱ硣
 

һʮ ̬

ôڵϣһۿԼıŮڵ۴ޣǰȥڻӣ۵òˡ
׺ôһһէķӦЩɫ΢΢Щ仯Ŀ䵽վһԸոջعͷƻϣɵһ㶡
ǡƻ׺´ƻһŵ壬СҲǳ֮ǰ֮ʱƼݵģȥԶһʱЩȷ
ĶܿͰҲ˳
ܿŰ׺ǼҲˮ첽ǰȥĵĸǰȴԼʮֹ˸񣬡Ůݼס
ƻ游񡣡ܿƻ㶵վź޷Ӧɵóѡ
ƻγѰ㣬̧ͷصƻ游
ܿƻһɪµӣЩɣȴûжԡ
ǰ׺㣬ƻηӣЩסˡ
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Ǹ׺ȴΪ䵽׷ϣƵƻ˲ôȰ
ڶŮУ׺㱾ӰܿڰܿƻȻҲǼΪӣֻʮĸŮߣ˸á
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ܿҲ̫һˣϾǰ׼ҵŮƲĳӣüĹϵûжá
ƻǽȥɡܿƻתݡվԭأؿһ۰ܿıӰ۵ʲôϸ΢š
ܿŰ׺в¶˼ֵ˵ŮТôòס
׺㿴Ҳмֵļ˵һҲףʲôﲻ㣬ҲΪûá
ǧҪô˵ɸײҪռһޣճô˵һҲ۵İ׼Ҳ
ڰ׺ǰܿûôĹ˼ɣֱԲ
׺㿴һۣϵЦδ䣬ȴһĨɫһȥǻʱұ֪ռǳ׵ľˣոĲĵĻɡ
 

һʮ 

ܿ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ףȻ˵ûа׼ֱӵİǸȴʮּɵ׼ңճҲͲҶ֣Ѿ˺ԺճⱣŮԸںԺǣס
˵ſһƻոʵǣƻ뱩¶ƻʵʵֻöԼĸ˵˻š
ƻôףҲֻ΢ͷһģ
׺࿴۰ֻܿԼŮƺЩһˣ뵽ոҲȻˣΪϾԺҲһ˳˵ĵطȻõĻȻҲҪѧһЩֶβС
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ܿһȻʮֵĸжֺˮŮˣлס
һ˵ʲôл׺ЦЦֿһƻ˵ƻҲǵһμ游ˣû
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һ⻰׺ЦԭôǵϴʲôĵطЩνǰɲǵģҵڶǵءͿʮֵѵˣ
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ܿƽ½ǣ˿Щ˵֪һһЩ·ˣ·Щ̫ؾˡ
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ˣܿһۣҲǸ׷ͷϣ㶼С˼Һ𣿡
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ͷһ۰ܿƻЩ̿ҿǳ׷أģһᶪģ
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ܿƻߵ˵ĸ
ĸƻ
Աߵľ˾ˣǱ˾˺ĸܿһΪ
ƻһһȻҲջһѵҲ˲١
 

һʮ 

ƻ΢΢̧ͷһ˵ı飬ÿ˵϶ЦݡֻеЦú飬еȴԵ쳣롣
ĸҲָԼк˵ҵӣϴᣬ϶ݡӦҲûмġ
ƻҲ̽еܣܡ
СЩĴһƻҲ񡣽а׷ݴֻ꣬ﻳ￿˿ˣС㳤úƯȷ㻹ÿأ
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׷һۣ뷴һҲûڶ˵ʲô
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׷ݵ˵ͷƻġ
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׺Ž͵Ҵϵģĸ˫ҿſ־ʴӱ̵¡
ܿ˵ͷЦ˵Сܺá
Сܰݼ㡣ĬҲûʲôرı飬Ц˵
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ĬͷСŮ˰ķÿƯȻתͷ԰׷˵Ǳȥˣ
׷ĹĵСȡЦҰɣ
ĬЦЦ΢΢ӣ˵ƻıǼЦСѾͷֿ֪֪Ѿˡ˭֪ռҴС㲻úãһŮǴӵδأ
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ĬЦķڻЩε˵Ҳû˸ǽҲûи׼ʲô
ܿϽ˵ͻȻСû׼ҲӦģһ˲ˡ
ǿɲУ˾˵һθôûأĬԼϿ˿ֱӰƻЦӾ͸ˣɲҪ
ƻŻµӣ̧ͷЩȵĿʵʶӣӡھȻҪ͸ԼˣⲻӦϧĶ
 

һʮ 䳰ȷ

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⻰ɫһףѾ˵ûйܺúˣһĸô˵ֱ޴档
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һߵĸͻȻ˵ռҵС㱻ĲֻòڣƷҲãѹֽҪǽ̺ˡ
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ĸһۣɫӵĲÿûнĻ
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һһֱûİĬͻȻЦЦѻˣʵλס찡
ܿ˵ûҪס졣
ʱûֿˣΪǿһǣû뵽Ǵ㳤ס
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Ȼô˵ǰܿҲûЦ⣬ȻЩˡϵҲ̽˱㡣
ϵʱûʲôرı飬ĸѾʮֵˡ
˾˵ҲмֵΣĸ˵ôô࣡
Լ˵ô˵˵һ٣ĸϵıӵѿ
İ׺˵ˣܿò׻һˣ㿴һģúõĻͲú˵
ֱ׺˵֮ĸҲ΢΢ĵˣһ˳ģŰܿ˵ҵĲǣĪҪ
ܿȻûټƽʲô׺˵һЩӭܿĻٷǰȵĳȥ
 

һʮ 

ƻ΢΢ŵһ˿ĺ⡣
׸˵̬ʵЩ֣һʼܼҵ鲻٣һ̬䵭ĸһҵ飬ĸ߾ȫ䳰ȷֱʲôһ
Ȼֵľǰ׺̬ȣ԰ܿȻҲʮֵάǵĸ䳰ȷʱҲһֱûп˵ֻȵˣվ˵
տʼ׸УѾȫʧˣЩʲôĻľ̫ˡ
극ص˷䣬ƻҲͶ԰ܿ˵˰׸˵̬ȡ
ܿЦЦҲżֵĿɬʵҲ֣ΪұϾѾ޳ȥˣԭΪһҫֻ޾鷳ڼеʱЩҲ棬֮˵ʲô顣ô춼ȻҲһЩ衣
Ȼô˵Ҳܵƻȴûô򵥡Ҫ˵׺Ӧʮ۰ܿģûи׼Ҵҫô⣬Ļ̬ҲıģӦöӵϧŶԡΪΪ˸ĸıܣǰ׺̬ȣȴȫġ
ǿŰܿôĵģƻҲûаԼĻȫ˵ϽοҲֻҵĴˣ游ҲʮĸͲҪˡ
֣ܿ˵ﲻģʵѾ׼ˡ˵ף˸ףҲûʲôˡһЩҹĺõˡЩöѾ޳ȥˣȻǽһϷأ
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һҹ˶ԻָһЩ
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һ˷糾͵ӣ·ǶһĶ㿪ˡ
һջϴһɡ΢΢üͷ˵ʵ̫ˣҪ鷳
˵ͷ˷Ը䡣Ǳһ·ڷֿˣһ˻ȺУһǣ뿪ˡ
ˣǣƥһҿջǰ
Ҫͨķ䣬Ǻúϴ˸裬ߵ¥³Է
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Сͱ˼
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ɫδֻǸʵ֣ŷ⡣
ʵҲܼ򵥣ֻ˵ڡĻӡסԺӵһЩ˰ţôýӽ
һ·ϸذļʵѾʮֵˣû뵽ҲѾ˷
Ѿ춼ˣҪϢĻУ
Ҳż˵ҪҪȥԡ
ҡҡͷУȻлɣ֤ʵĻɡǵ֪С
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һ׹ЦӢ
ĲɣûĿһۡ
ȴվǸСеϲôôȥҵһߡ
͹٣ʱæʱ򣬶ൣൣСϽ˵
 

һʮ ĸ

˴󲽣㲻ȥǰɣԼȥڴŵƤߣһȽϴĴ󺺣ȻеĿ˿ȥҲû˸ǰȥֹ
ֻС׷˹ȥа͹٣ɲܽģ
˾뿪˴ãȥˡ
ûãֵ˳λϻһ䣬ʲôƹӣ
ȴʹһɫѾȥˡ
Ų豭ŵߣסеĺ⣬һڲ̷֮ˣȹƻݵĲ裬Щֱڡ
ʱƻҲŲ裬ϰܿ߶һ䣬ЩþȻˣһĸѻеĴŻڰġ
ѽմСȻǲһվһЩʮʦҲһˮƽ˵Ƕĸ
ʮֵݻӦ׸˰֮ܿ޵õһȻһ̼֣ȴǮ
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޵һңȴѾЩûˡΪҲޣȻǺֱġ
ĸĸƻһۣмֵ
һ׽ãȻ޸ͬһˣޣҡҪ˵ڹŴùһҲûʲôϾжŮӢļѻأ˼ұϾ˴ۣ˼޵ȴһڿȡİ׶
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λĸȲ衣ƻ˵ϲ衣
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ĸʮֵĳĬˣֻǳЦЦֵͷԼЩģ
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ƻϴĴģûа취ȵİصո֮ӹĲĸ˵
ֻܿ΢΢ЦЦҲûж˵ʲôʵǽôһˣ
˵ĸײˣҪģָϴظһ͸ɴһˡĸЦ˵
ǰһĸͬãʵҲǼеĵŮɡ
ĸ˵ǰһ˵ĹҲĸϢһ
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ƻҲֵУֻǰڰܿߣû˵ʲô
˵Ҳûȥĸ밲һһȥܿҲЦ˵
ƻһ߰дЩĸǣ֪ĿľҪһܿ׹ôʱᣬǼûһʸģ׼ֶ룬ȻǵڶңȴҲûܵ롣
һĸͬĶҲ¶رԵı飬ֻ۲ת֮仹ܿĶ԰ܿĽ⡣
˾һĸͬĸȴȫͬȻЩʵı飬Ҳûʲô䳰ȷֻǿȴͶĸĻЩСֺá
Ҳǣмҵ䣬ĸмҲᣬҪæĵط
ֻĸûʲô˵ˣеƾûЪһ۾ܿʲô
ĸȫ̶״̬԰ܿĺòûʲôȤ˵ʲôҲûȤ۾ֻһֻһֵĺǣдºͻĽ
ҲǣõУҲһûкӡȻͻܴ󣬵ǰչ˼Ǿܼ˵ĴͳѾܴˡӦúҪһӰɡ
һᣬܿ˵ʱҲˣǻǿЩȥĸ밲ɡҶѾһˣûмĸ׵ء
ĽҲ˵ͷ˱ӰܿԺ˳Ϸ˵Ժ߹ȥ
Ҳܾûл׸ˣǻǶڸʱȻ쳳ֵģҲҪǵĶˡ
·ϵʱ򣬶ĸͻȻ˵Ҳһʮֻ顣
ĸͺһĸ͵ǰǻǸʱӡ
ҿɲĸȴ˵ҲƵģǰӵģҿǾÿӶڸġһֱˣҲžԼˡ
㣡ĸʮֵΣӽһ
ĸһ˦֣΢ŭôˣǰʱ򲻸˵ڶѾ˻ʲô˵ģǵﲻܳ裬ڸһѾ߶磬Ȿʵ˵ʲôһӣҿɲǰźǵӣ
 

һʮһ Ϸ

⻰ʲô˼ĸתͷʵǿɶһֱ㵱õģ
ĸһ˦ĸ֣Ǳֵ˼ʲôһֱҵãǺȥѾָʹʱǵҲʹһ˶Һ׺񡣡
˵ˣĸȡ
ĸתͷʲô˵ʲôˣ㻹ûαǸûҪ㣬ǾǽǲǹĺãòǲŰģ
⸱ģܿЩΣ˵˵ˣⲻôǹȥˣھ۵һʮֲˣͲҪ˵Щˡ
Ǵ㡭ĸȻǻʮֵĲġ
ܿĻ˵ô˵ҲǽãȻѾԼˣǽ֮ҲӦûǡα˵Щ˽Ļأ
ĸȻ˵ֱҲûڣܿĻѾ˵ϣѾ̨ףô̧٣ȻлЩˣǻǵ˵ͷ˵ǣҲԡ
ܿ˵ͷȻҲԱ鲻õĶĸĸ˵վˣʱҲˡǻǸϽȥĸ밲ɡ
Ҳ˵ͷȻһ˼Ϸ˵ķȥ
Ϸ˵Ҫ밲Ѿڴϵˣ׸ļϱҲߡ
˽ϷҲʮָ˵Цţɡ
˻߹ȥ
ܿҿϷ˿ŰܿƺЩ˵
ܿǰĸס
Ϸ˱ĽеĺۿӦţͺãͺáǳԿˣҪ֪ˣǲӦ޽ռң
⻰Ȼ˵ĲôʣȴҲУ۰ܿ
ܿҲЩסˣĸ׵ĸ˵Ϻã֮仰˵Ĳ࣬ϧԼ֪ôӦ
ϷûвĲȻ˵⸮ôĺӣܿ£ôҲôأ
⻰ҲðܿۿȥˣĸĪҪˡ
Ϸ˵˵ͷ֣ǰȥˡӣҲ°ķˡ
ܿ΢΢һ㶣żϷԼĸ׵Ѿߣֻһֱ֪ԭϷ˶Լĸ׸
Ҳʱĸ׹ʱҲ޵úġ
ĸף˴ͰǶˣĸһЦ˵
Ϸ̧ͷһۣЩѾͷͷܣҿˣܹܿôһΣ˵˵㻹ζ
ĸЦǣǣ̫ˣ
ʵҲЩ֣֪ʲôʱĸ׺ʹĹϵĺˡ
һߵɫҲЩÿΪϷ˶׶ϱûĺù
ܿϵıҲ˼֣ƻ԰Ϸ˵ƻûмŮ
Ϸɿ֣תͷȥƻ֣ĸ´һۣϸӵĸ˺οÿ濡һ֪һúӡ
ƻϵıЩģҲʮ־ȣû뵽Ϸ˾һˡϾҲãĸҲÿǶʮֵ顣ԭţĸӦҲһ䵭̬ȣֻҪ¶¶ͺˣȴû뵽Ȼڵ
ԽƻϷԽǾϲԼͷժһӣ嵽ƻͷϣЦμ棬ĸҲûʲôóֵĺöǻǵ游ңɲҪ
ƻͷϵǣϳ˰ܿ˵϶¶𾪡ΪϷ˶ôһǶ֪ģھȻԴ˳μƻͷϡ
ƻ֪һǳɫǵ񹤶ʮֺõӣһ۸һơΧ˵ıҲ֪ˣ¶Щֵ̿ı顣
ܿҲ˵ĸףʹãʵ̫ˡ
ϷȴֻЦЦʲôôһˣ㿴ƻͷ϶ʰ
ܿΪѵʱĸ˵ƻѾͷǺø֧ӣҪ˵ЩϱģЩǣҪֻˡϷ˶˭ûɿڡ㿴һϷ˾ֱӸˣſۺ졣
ĸһۣмֵ䵭ûа˵ҵβãֻܿߡ綼ڳаһѣΪһĸͬĸ磬ȴﶼû֪ΪԼɩӣ֪ٸ˵ʲôøģʮֵ䵭
һʱĬ
һߵĶĸ˵ôĻ˵ˣ˹ֲ˼ġ
 

һʮ ĸ

ϷҲЦԭҪ˰˭Ҳû˵
ӴҵϷӴǻſҪ𣿡ĸЦ
ϷҲЦҪҲãҵ˭͸˭
⻰ҲǵЦϵº
ܿϵĶЦһֱûʧ˵ʵһʼûҪӣǾҵһ˵ӻȥˡ
˵Ȼĸô˵ҲͲƴˡȻƻ˵лĸ
ƻҲûڶ˵ʲôǿŰϷرϵĵһл
Ϸ˸Ǹ˵ĲˣԼߡ
˵ĸײˣɻ𣿡ܿʵ
ϷҡҡͷЦأͷ۵ëһһ˾Ͳˡ
Ȼô˵ǻܿɫǺܺã˵ôһỰϾѾһЩˡ
ƻͷЦƻԺҪҰ
ƻʶĵ˵ͷǰҲûмĸ֪ϻˡеĴȰĺĸеȫһֻΪԼϲԼĸһΪʸ۰
ͷϷӵĸˣһȻһЩҳ̡
ȻһЩլԺĸˣȴܵõһЩòϢͱĻ¡
ԴһѾûмˣʱСӦþܵõһ׮ˣȻˡ
˵ҪҪؼҶˣ˵̫Դ͵Ļ顣ĸ˵ΪС㻹ûмǣһֻأһ֮С㼰ˣ¾Ķˡ
һĸдżֵۣǺð̼Ҳ񶼼֮һˣؼҲǲԺҲ໥˵ſһԼŮԺҪҲҵôһ˼ңҲܰˡ
ֹ֪ۣĸЦΪģҲҪ̫ˣ÷ҲѰһ㣬ųȶˣҲ͸úˡ
ĸ̳һЦлɩֻ̫żˡ
ҲһЦ˵ǰȻģҲҪ̫ˡɫЩˡ
ĸҲһЦףлɩ
ô˵ĸ˵ɩɩȻҼܰǲҲܰҰǼҿҲ֪ҲܵˣɾǿϡˣҲ֪ܲܿϣλС
ĸЦ˵ȻģֻҪһʿȻһλá
⻰˵ĲҲѹֱϾǼˣһд֣ûбҪš
⻰ĸɫȴɲôã˵ǽʿôװҪĿ˽ʿǲ׼ҰţôҲܻһְٰǡ
ɫãĸ̲סǲǾãһʿѰ
ĸϸӲÿһ۲û˵
˵ûйϵڳȱ˵ʱ򣬽궨ǱҪࡣ÷ı£һܵõϵġ
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֪ܿϷ˵˼Ҳ֪ƻ˼ȻҶ˵ֻ˵ƻĻ°ҿ˵ϻռҵϷ˿۵Ľ黹Ҫ˼
˭֪ռҵϷռʲôλɸϷ˲һϣ˵ҲˣϷ˶µģǾͰ˾Ųʮˡ
ղĸ׻˵࣬Ҳǿྡ˰ɡո˵һ˵ŮԺҲӹ󣬴ۺأĸ˵
ܿЦЦӲҲռҵôװĽأ
ĸ⻰ȻǳЦԺҪĲС
һᣬϷϵľɫˣ壬㶼ˡ
ȻһһٷĸȥԺˣܿԺҲ˲
Ҫ˵Ⱥĸǲ߶ĸôһ˵ǽˡƻЦ˵
ܿҲ˵ͷôˣһҲ
ƻ￿˿Цĸ׿ȷʵ鲻˶˵ĸĸװ׼ҵȻ࣬ǹϵͦ򵥵ģûô๴Ķǡ
ܿͷǰҵļĸһ̧ȥģһֻͷܲ쿴̫һЩֵͷƻ˵Ĺϵ򵥣ֻΪ㿴ļ򵥰ˡϾ׼ҲأȻСڰ׼ңȴ׼ҵжռҵĹϵһЩ
 

һʮ ҽ

Űܿô˵ƻ΢΢ͷϵ֮׼Щֵ̬ȣҲһ˿
ʵĸλֻҪɢɢİɣ
ʲô㡣ܿ͸˼ֵ⣬ռ̫۸ĸŮˣճϷˣǵȻ۰׼ұҺôҲռҵĵС㣬ҲǶ׼ҵ
ƻ˵ͷ˵ĸ׻游̸һ̸ɣǱϾҲڰ׼ҳȻϷҪġ
ܿ˵ͷУҲͦˣЪţҾȥ游̸
ҹͲŵĻͻȻ˲һֱղˣе̫ҽû˰취
Ļߵıʿ˸취Իڳʾؽҽܿʲôߡ
޲ߣֻͬ顣
ʾҹȥˣϵʱʹ򡣲ΪΪڶжӿةۡ
װȻУͷͺӶѩ׵ģһɷǵģߵ磬һҩʵͽ꣬ʦͽơ
ȻһЩкŵȽȥȻһҺġģǱϾһûʲôţ˺þöûнȥ
ǿһЩνҽȥ֮󣬶ҡͷ߳ģһһĪչӡ
˿ĶҲ⣬ûþֻʣһˡ
һصģڻǰ˽ȥ
˿ĵطƽ޲Ϸʵĺ⣬һȫ
һ˸߽һ䣬δ߽Ũҩ㴫˳ţ΢ŭⶼǿʲôҩֱǺ֣
⻹ֻҩ㣬ܲ³ǿʲôҩû˾֪ҩֱ֢ҽ
̹һߵ̫ҽǰһ
ߵȴЦĺ࣬ʲôʱ򶼲ϷŪˡ
߽˷УĻӡڴϣͷϷëȴŲĺΣȻȡ
ߵߣֱӽͷϵëӵˣŭ⵹ɱ
̫ҽϽ߹˵ΪһֱڸȣʲôҩУֻëȲȻҪջˣ
֣ųߵĿǣѵֻ֪ˣŪԭ򣿿òǶ֢ҪȻȣëôأ
Ѿ֪ĻӲԭ˵ͽ̣⵽ô֢
ʲô֢зЦװ£ȴһĺ˵˵ȻǸȣȴǺ֢һֱԵȵҩӾڵĺ֢
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ʲô纮Ͳʲô纮Ǻ壬ǴһʼʹˣЩҩֻα겻αھһʰˣ˵
⻰̰̫ҽסˣǲǴϵġĻӡߵ磬ƴЦ
ǲ֪׸ôҽأ̫ҽϽʵϴʮֵϣ
Լİ׺ӣƳһ˵ȻεģҪõײ⴫طȳȥɡ
ÿҽ֮ȻԼصķ˳ȥ޿ɺǣ̫ҽһǸҪȥȴͻȻһȣ
һ·ˣ񻮹ˣдŻɡ
ⲻԼڡĻӡߵˣ׹һɹӵˡ
ͳ죬λҽĻӵİ취ĻӵĶɲٵ˰̫ҽϽ˵
ͳȴΪǶʲôˣģ
ֻĿһۣתͷ˵϶ߣ
̫ҽһҪߣϽǰסɲ߰
ֻǿʾö֢źһּۣ̬ȳϿң˳һȵҲǲСǼȻ˲ң˲ҲգÿⲡҲˣ
ͳһüͷֻһ䣬˾ȻͲˡҪǼٵĻҲͰˣĻӣҪˣ
̫ҽϽ˵û˲㰡Ȼתͷͳ˵ͳ컹Ͻͽͣ
ͳûа취ֻ˵²˼Ҳ֪ĻӣҲòءֻеѯʰˡ
迴һۣһ޲ӣҽȾǿ飬ûˣ˵ȾͲˣ
һҽȣ̫ҽϸ͸⣬ԭҽȵǰ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ͳһҲЩȣǻʵ֪ǰҽȵһλΪ£
һҲ޷˵ʦֶȥ춼ҽȵôôҪȥ
 

һʮ 

˵İȻҽ𣿡ô˵̫ҽʵ
ƺЩ˵ʶҵʦֶ
Ȼǲʶģ˭֪ҽҽȣھ춼ء̫ҽϽ˵ɸҪһĻˣΪĻӸҽֿѰ
𣿡Щŵ˼ʦֶӣһҵֿѡ
̫ҽæͷ򲻸ƭͳ죬Ҳ֪ģ
ͳҲ˵ͷв˼ֵţŴϵġĻӡ˵ȷʵþһˡ
˵ֿһͳ죬ϷҪĻˣ
ͳ۾һתͻȻЦ˵ȻģȻҪȥ춼Ļӵ廹Ҫǲһ·Σ
˵ǲǳİȻʦ壬ֻҪ˳İȻһо֪ˣΪ˷ֹˣʲôͺˡ
ô֪ܲ˼Цһ˵ҲǲУҪ׼һû鲻ң
;Ѿʮѵˣ̫ҽ̵ͷ˵ֻҪԸҽĻӣʲôǶӦ㣡˵־ԼԽˣϽͳ˵԰ɣͳ졣
ͳȻҲ˵ͷ˿ϽٵĻӣϽ˵ĻӵҪ
Ȼ֪ҪΪʲôȥ迴˵
̫ҽϽ˵ǰͳ죬ҽȶأǻߵһȰɡ
ͳ߿ţҲܷʲô»Ҳ˵ͷ̫ҽһȥˡ
һȥϵġĻӡһӷ˴Ľűߣܣûӽ顣
賶ߣȫ㣬ɡ֮ǸϽ
վߵͳ춯ߵǰҪ͸ŷ￴һ̫ҽȴ첽˹ͳ죬ҽȵĹǶ֪ģܵ˭ܵжԲԣ
ͳЦһ£ȴʹһɫҪƵ洰Ϳ
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Ҿʲôͳ쿴һԼӡ
̫ҽҲû֤ݾģֻø˵ǵĲԣĪҪ
ţ̾뿪Ҳһ
ͳһƢǴ󡣡
̫ҽֻǿһۣû˵
߰ˣĻӡҲߣ¶һƽƽǰٵİ賶µ߻ͷ׻Լϡ
ҲѾ·˴ϣݹҩҩΪ˷ֹҳİȻҪģһЩ΢Ķҩ֮˲ȣɫҲ÷ǳ죬Ƕ˺Ǻܴ
ǱѾݳߵ£ֿٵĴ·ԭ;ʮֵƣûųᷢʲôͬ
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ٵĵ˵ͷȻ߹ȥܿߵıԵͷϿٵһЩˮ
ȷû֮󣬲Žһ˽
һߵĽҲ첽˽ȥʱ䲻̵ҽһ
žͿ˶Ǹϣģ
̫ҽϽ߹ȥʵôˣ
˵Ļӵĺ֢ʵ̫ˣʦһʼҩļЧֻ̫ȽڵĺƳһԺֻҪͺˡһ˵¸׼һɾķ䣬ʦĹҪúõϢһС
̫ҽҲԼַֻ˵ԱߣԱ߾иɾķ䣬Ͻȥɡ
ͷ˵л£ʦᣬ½sɡ
̫ҽҲ̵ͷؿǸϽȴϢɣ
ͳһ߿ҲûпʲôͷǺɫҲʮֵĲȷʵһùȵģҲûг
۾һֱŴϵ裬ɫȷʵҪȸղźһЩǻǷų죬Ҳźˮȷʵոմģ
 

һʮ Ԯ

һжʮģͳȴܾЩԾû˵ͻȻһմʪëϲȥ
̫ҽˣҲ˲ߵϽ˹ȥһץסͳ֣ʣʲôĻڲմʪ㲻˵Ǻ֢𣿡
ͳ쿴˿ֿ̫ҽ˵ҲǿĻͷ϶ǺҪһ𣿡
ʵһǲǴˣֻһֻûҵᡣղزһıԵߣˮһݣӦûзӦŶԣʮֵѵǻϵϢ
ûб飬ͳ컹ǸϽ뿪ɡ̫ҽ˵
ͳ컹δ˵˵һ
̫ҽָϽ˹˳ȥͳҲһ˦ԼëҲ뿪ˡ
̫ҽһЩתˣȻϲʤ˯Ҳ˳ȥ
֮󣬴ϵȴͻȻ۾һ˫ʢ˺⣬ϲˮգеˮⶼҪɱ
׸У˵׺ϳܿƻȥ鷿
δ߽˵ǰ׺ں飬ǲڡ
ܿƻһֻۣҵš
һȾ͵˰ʱ鷿Ųڴ򿪣һ˴˳
һһĸףһǰī
ˡЦ߹
ƻҲòĽеС˾ˡ
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ܿ˵ͷ˵ҸƻڸдˣҲûȥˣ״С
ֻһһĿİˣīʮϻ˵Ų죬Щӱˡ
бϾкܶ£Ҳܴ̫ʱˡܿ˵
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ƻҲ΢΢һЦȻתͷһȴЩҡĺУ֪ǾԲԼĴΪʲô¶ͱ飬˿ıѪɫ
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ƻŻعһ죬游밲ԣԲҸղˡ
׺Цҡҡͷ£ֻǲ֪ʲô
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ܿҲЩΣ⺢ӣⲻŸճԹ𣿡
Ϊ游ĳʵ̫óˡƻͷ͵ǰƵ˵
׺һЦøӿò氡԰ģ㲻Ҫˡ
ʵ֪ܿƻͲʲô飬Ҳ֪ղȷʵʲôҲ˳Ļ˵ãҲûڼ˵ʲô
˵£ʵº
׺һҲЦݣǴЦʵʲô£
ʵŮ˵˻ţȻոĵĸոϷ˺ճ˵㣬ҸûжʵȨҲΪе
ȻҪõ׸İȻҪʵʵ˵
׺̾һҾ֪ճӣжáһʲô˵أ
ܿ˵ֻǲϣΪҵģҷȥ룬ǾӦҪ߸ףϣܵõ׼ҵİռڵ״Ҳ֪հȻûȫѵҲˣŮŰ׼ҵģܴռҵõʵȨҲǸ׸ȡһЩʱľˣŮҲڱϳո
⺢ӣ׺Щε˵׼ң׵㲻˵ôܲأʲôʱ㶼Ұ׼ҵĴС㣬Ұ׺ŮģҪʲôİԴ
⻰ܿӯһ
ԭΪռҺͰ׼ҵĹϵѾסˣȻǰ׼ҵŮǲôѾ޽ռңܻΪѣû뵽ȻĶɴ࣬ôж
 

һʮ ŵ

Ů֮ʮֵܰƻһȻҲЦ⣬ȴһ˿ЦҲޣʵۿŰˡ
ղŰīѾŰ׼ңһʼ̬ȾЩֵ游
ڳеôŸղŸ̸˺ܾõӣ
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˵飬׺ɫҲ˵Ȼŵʱǰ׼ûгӵ飬ڳȻҲλةʵдȨҲճѳţҲһְˡҲ޷ϱϾ£Ű׼ңĽǵġ
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׺֮ȻʮֵľȣȻ顣
ճֱӰѻŸɱˣϵʱıƺҲʮֵĲáܿ¶˼ּ
ֲá׺ЩȻʱ䣬ȻʮճȴһѼ¶ˣҲ˽ˡ
ܿ˵ͷճҲܡǰ׼ҵһֻҪڻǰʵıְ׼ҵģһû࿴ġ
׺ͷ˵еȷʵǰ׼ҵһ׼ſ٣Ҳ֮ˣЦ˵û뵽㻹ԡ
׹ˡܿЦţҲҲǶһЩˣϾҲ۵Ů˵ȴƻϿһۡ
Լô飬ʵƻһ˵ģŰ׺ӦҲ֪Լû˵
˵һճϷҲͲòɵңҲոȡøʵȨ
׺ϴο˵ģֻҪа׼һڣոĵĸ
ܿͷлס
ҲҪȥ˰ɣ׺˵һһٷɡ
ܿȴҡҡͷˣʱѾʮʦˣҲкܶҪæĸ׳һٷ뿪
׺Ҳûǿ󣬡ҲãĸҲһֱ߶㡣
˵һĻܿƻ뿪˰׺鷿
Ȼ¶ˡܿһֱ֪ƻһĺӣȴҲЩȣǸСѾͷôô顣
ƻЦҾ͵ĸڿˣ
ܿ˵ıӣЦһ磬Ȼڿ㣡
˵ʵĸ׿ɲҪ
Űܿĵͷƻż˵ʵҲҪ̽һ游̬ȣΪϾǻôˣûйʹǡȻҲʮֵ飬лǲ
ܿϵĶҲıʵҲǣǽ츸׵ıְеǶˣӦҲǰɣȻôûлҲô˵ǰ׼ҵŮôĵģ
ƻȴûôֹۣȻеĺ˳ܸоԼͷһƬƬֵİ׸
˵Ż߽˰Ϸ˵ԺӣˣѾ̽ȥͨûǱ˽ȥ
Ϸһװϣ߽ȥ˸Ͻ
ô˵ƻͰܿ˰Ϸ˵ߡ
ǣôʲôϷ
ܿЦ˵񲻿ɷϡ
Ϸ˱ЦţһŰ֣ܿһƻ֣ĴȰ㡣
Ҿͺܿˣһ֣Ǿ߾Ϳģ߲̤ʵ
Щ԰׵ܿЩǵ˵ĸ׵ɫôô廹ǲ𣿡
С֪֮ǰϷ˸ոշ˲һѾ˵СͱСˣ̾˾񡣡
һѾô˵ܿǵǣĸͷ۲أ
ЩѾϹ˵ⲡëҲˣ΢һҪů˾ͺˡϷ˵
ƻ͵ĲŮʶһҽһĸһ
ܿȻ֪˵˭̵ͷԣҽһа취ģ
µģϷϵЦǣԼӰԼˣĵ̿һͲʲôˡ
ܿȴ΢üͷϾα겻αİ취ҪúÿС
УУϷӦţó԰ܿĹϵʮֵãҲʮֵĿġ
˵Ͼˣ³Էɡ
ĸߣҲأƻЦ˵
ϷЦϲϡСƻСʲôó
ղŻǳ԰˱Ѽأܿһ
⻹򵥣ǶԣϷ˴Ц˵
 

һʮ 

һֱ˷Ҳûܿ˵Ҫ뿪Ļ
ǰϷ˿Щֹӣʵǿʲô𣿡
ܿ˵ĸҲ֪ոĵĸλѸ鶼ˡ
ϷѾ˼ˣ˵Ҫո˰ɡ
ǣĸôˣҾЩڡܿмֲ˼ЦҲɬ
Ϸ֣ϵЦݴȰů֮ǰ˵һҳһٷҾͺܸˡϾѾôһֱڰ׸أǴʱ䳤̰ˡ˶˵ԼҲ˵ɸ鶼ˣĸôء
ܿͷ۽΢΢Щʪ˵лĸܹңʵҽʹȥˡ
ϷҲ˵ͷЦȥɣµģҲûʲôܸ˵ġռҵϷҲǸˬˣʲôҴŻֱӸЧ
˿ƻ˵ƻһúӣҲТ˳ǷǸĵģĶ㲻ãҲҪˡ
ܿ˵ͷĸҶס
ǾͺáϷ˿˿ߵɫЦ̫ƫˣ㻹ʰҲͲˣȥɡ
ܿվ˵Ůˣĸ塣
ĸౣءƻҲ˵
߳ȥϷ̾һеĴȰʵĸɾֻǡ
Ѷʰ֮˾뿪˰׸ʱһֻаһ˽ͳ˰׸
ǶȴʱҪ˺ܶ࣬Щǰ׺׼ģ磬С֬ˮۣϺõĶЩȥΪ˸ո׸̬ȡ
Ҳ֮ǰܿ׺ϸڡ
֮ϣƻܿϷһ̺ӣӰϷ֮󣬰ܿһֱģ֪Ҳû˵
ĸ׿ǻĸƻʵ
ܿһۣ΢΢һЦڻУͷ
֪ƻܲ⣬ôʱûˡȻңǺĸ׵ļǹǲһģҺʧһ㡣
ƻô᲻ָоΪԼʧõ
ƻû˵ܿͷЦ˵ˣǻ˵ġ
ĸ˵ʲôƻ̧ͷʵ
ܿЦЦ˵һ˵Ļӡ
ƻԭЦһֱӣʲô
ʲôֻˡѾ˲˰ɣǰͷĹôòˣЩءֿܿʵƻͲճ𣿡
ƻһʲôңҸأ
𣿡ܿյǰҲ֪˭ǰ컹ΪƢ
ƻƿʲôʱҲôŪˣ
ܿЦⲻǹ𣿡
ƻһԸٴ
ܿЩ߳ŭˣЦ˵ˣˣҲ˵Ļӵˡ⼸쵹ûн׷ǸѾͷѾͷмֵƣҲΪ⼸ֵƲŻ񶼵һŮĳƺŰɡ
ô˵ƻмֵĺЦҲ̫˰ɣ
ô˵أѾͷһɶµģһô𣿻ΪһһҰѾͷĽ㣬ǰҽҲûУҲ֪ôô
ܿ˵˰׸ڣҿŰ׸⼸ӶȴûһҪ˵̫̫Ǹ϶ĺӲ
˵ɣĸײʲô˰ɣƻŴЦ˵
ܿЩȻǸϽ˵ôأֱ㲻֪˭
˵ʲôʲôƻܵĵ˵ͷ
ܿһۣЦ˵ǺӲѧʶòʮֳģԺһܳɴҲ֪ôˣϴμʱ򣬿ĺأ
֮ǰһ˵һҪȥģһ඼ˣճһȥһƻ˵
ܿͷǶҲʮֵϲ㣬ʱҸ׼ȥɡ
ƻҲ˵ͷ
˵䣬Ѿոŷһô̻Ϊ˭ˣӭǰܿƻЩȡ
վʲôܿ˼ŷһۣϽ˰ҰѶᵽȥ
ǣǡŷ˸ϽӦ
һ߸ضСһ㣬ǹصĶҲⲻ𣡡
ܿһ۽壬̲סСѾͷʱһˣ
ĸŮϢ̾ʹոȻŴѶȻעĿ
 

һʮ 

һӣӭĲѾ֣
Цݣ˵˺СǻˣûλԺӿأ
ܿһۣûнĻǿŽ˵ȥչ£ķɵôˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳֻһ˲ͻָЦݣ˲ȥˣҲأ޹ܼ˵Ҫء
ȥܿûпǶԽ˵
˵ͷҲûп뿪ˡ
ƻֻһۿţûȥȰ˵ܿǰʱܵѾˣҲá
̧ܿžߣֱ߱˵˰ЩµĶһ壬һᶫţҿЩ
ɫӵĲãƻͷһۣȻԽ˵ĸ˵
һۣסǵЦ⣬ߵߣ˵ﻹǲҪվˣһԺᶫҪǿǾͲá
ûûһЦˣֱһ˦뿪ˡ
ܿŪʵһԭǷԺᶫʱԼײɲǸɲˣ
ȻûлǷﶼɸɾģϲĲҲȵá
ƺվԱߣͷһӡ
ܿһ·䣬ֿ˿ˣͷҲʵѾ߶Ǻõģ²꣬Ҳ񡣿ǶϷ˵ˣͲǡ
ˣС㡣
Ѿƻһ۳Ĭİֻܿ˵ɡ
ƺ㻥һֱۣӣɵͷѵģ
ƻʵ⼸Ժж𣿸пʲô鷢
С㣬ԺһжãҲûʲô鷢˵
ƻ˵ͷһֱˡ
ࡣ
Ѿ߿һ۰ܿɫҲΪʲôǣ˵˺СϢɣǾˡ
ƻ˵ͷˡ
㻹ƻߵܿߣϾǲǵĴҲµˡ
ܿ΢΢̾һȻҲףǱԼ̬ȣҾҪϷףҲһӣô۸
ˣĸܸϷҿɲܡһҵû·ȥϷˡƻ˵
ܿǵ˵ͷҲģϷ˶Ͼǲġ
ƻЦЦȻطˣĸ׺úϢɡ
ܿ˻֣뿪ˡ
ص֮󣬻һ·ƻŽȥϷ
Ѿ֮ͨ󣬺ܿȥˣȻѾڵˡ
ƻ߽Ϸһ˵Ļȴų磬㻹֪
һ⻰ƻ̲סЦĸôˣ
ôˣһԵľȥ˰׸һôʱ䣬ҿˣϷֵ
ƻЩЦǰ˼סϷ˵ĸ첲ĸͱҵˣһһĸףҼмҲܰ
Ϸ˵Ļûд뷨ҴŻֱ׵ĸ֡
Ȼ⻰ϷϵıҲһЩȴǲˣ˵ⶼҵĴΪˣ
ĸ˵ģҿû˵ƻЦ˵
Ϸ˴˴ĶͷŭѾͷң
ƻЦţ꣬ʵҲĸģڰ׸һۣŵĵһҪĸ밲ء
𣿰׼Ϸ˱ҿɴȰˣŸ밲ɣϷǵЦѾҪѹסˡ
ܰⲻΪûа취ĸ밲ȥĸ밲𣿡ƻ޳ܵİϷ˵
Ϸִ˴Ķͷ˭ѧôôǻģڰ׸˷𣿡
ƻЦ˵ɶŮﻰԲ˵ĸĵģ
ϷһǾã
ĸͱˣԺ󲻹ȥһ˵òãƻĻ̧ͷ˵
Ϸͷĸ˵ô㲻ߣǾЩʲô
֪ĸңƻ￿˿
ϷЦʵ⻹ǵһȥ׸ɣоô
ܺð游ĸҲңҲ˼˾˾ĸмλĸвٵıܱã֡ƻЦ˵
Ϸ˵ͷǺ֣ոһô塣
壬һ˾ͲĸġƻЦţҲĶ˵
ϷԴľˡ
˶٣˵˵ǻӰ׸˲ٵĶʲôҿİ֪ǲǡ˵ɫ
 

һʮ Ӹ

Ϸô˵ƻҲûʲôģֱ˵ĸ˵ЩҲҪĸˡ֪ĸΪԺİҲ̫ƫˣʲô鶼ǸҶҪˡ
Ϸ˵ɫӵ䣬Ͱô̸ҿ
ĸҲ֪ҲҲǵһ˵ĿģҪǸҵƻ˵
Ϸ˻һĲˣһа׼ұݻˣȻǲˣ
ƻЦЦɫĸʵôġҺĸ׾ռҺͰ׼ҵһŦռҺͰ׼ҲҪùҪȻҲĸ׼޽ϵҲΪ뿪񶼵ʱ̫ˣȫԻָŦð׼ٴκռվһӪ
Ϸֻǿ˵ƻ˵ȻҿеռңǰıǸռң
⻰Ϸ˲ͻȻһЦ龫ʲô鶼㣡ռҺͰ׼ǰȻǹϵܺõģֻ̫ү֮󣬱Ҳûôˡ˵Ҳʮֵļĸܼ޵ռǿǧټģ
ƻĲ֪һ磬΢΢Щȡ
֪ʲôʱһ棬Ӵ˾һ˵˺ûᡣȻ֪ƷУҲһ׮ò£ý˴̽Ϣ׸Ǳ߸Ͳͬ⡣Ǹİ֮εýȥ˵ǿĳģүŴӦˣ
Ϸ˵ڿڣž˵Ӹԣ󲻵õľõģһõ˾ͲϧˡƻԺҷҪ۾ǧҪֱﲻһģ
˵Ű׼ҵ飬ôֳҵˡƻͷһĨɫ
費ҲԼԽǾܾԽԼ̬Ժһ㣬ͲˣӦûԼԶԶˣ
ôģȻ֪ôģܶ˶֪һ
ƻҲ֪ڸʲô
仰һ˵飬ʱ˵Էʱ˵ڴϵʱ˵ڴ˻Ҫ˵
߶Ҫˣﻹò˵СӦÿҪϢ˰ɡ
迴һۣɫȴЩ䣬ȥʦ˵ҺõĲˣ·춼ɡһȥҲһܼƻ
˵ͷȥԼġʦȥˡ
ûݵ˽󻹸̫ҽ
ʦĻ˵õĲˣҪ·ˣȰסɡϴɫ˵
ῴһۣС¶ãҲʦӱ˵ˣҪɣ
ʦͱѵˣǸϽȰȰĻӰɡȻô˵ţͷȴĥСӾȻô˵ŵʱܵģ
ҲͲٶ˵˵ʲôߵ˴ߣ˵ĻӵҲҪż·ʵǲס
̬ȲʮֵĹȴܷ˵Ը
ȻҲֻǻмֵĲˣⷬͽܸղѾ˵ˣҵԼ˵·Ǳ·
̫ҽ˾ҪͻϽ˹ĻӻһĻɣʱĲʵգҲŸոչһ룬ҪúõϢϢС
Ȼϱ鲻ǺܺãºͣˣҰѰѾ˵ĻͿʼ·ĲõĻҾͶģ˵ʲô·Ǿʲôʱ·
ҲáҲ˵ͷ߹ģĸ
һᣬջ֣Щȵ˵ĻӵڳˣָľȻ죬Ͽȷʵûʲô󰭣ֻǱϾ廹пգҪúõȴ·ˡ
̫ҽһҲʮֵ죬˵Ļܲܡ
롣վ̫ҽ
̫ҽһ֮̽£ȻѾǿ˺ܶ࣬·ȷʵѾ⡣
ЦЦҪ˵ҵָˣ˵ҽôܰҸҽˡ
ѾҩˣȻˡҪֶοǶҩȻ𺦲󣬵ҲеģҪٳһЩҩڵ඾ĸɾſԡ
̫ҽҲһ߸͵ǰҿĵǿһ֣ҽҲһ֡
ֻǹ˹˵Цݶ㲻ϣҲ̫ҽԾһ£ΪϾϴûгֹʲô顣
ǲǾ·ˣ˵Ͼ춼Ǳ߻һȥҲ̫ʱˣȻҸ·ɾ̫ˡ
ʮֻʣ²ˣҲ᲻ȥˣ赹ϣԼ岻ҪôĿΪҲˡ
 

һʮ ĸŮì

ƻϷ˵ĶԻڼ
ôȻǺõģռѾزͷˡϷ˵۾Զһʱʧ˵Ȼ˵ˣԺҲͶȥɣڿˡ
ƻЦĸң
Ϸȴһ㣬أʲôʱҰ
ʱʱ̶̿ĸأƻ˵ŴӽӹһУǰ׸ĲҶϺõë⣬Ůϲ裬ɱڻʹȵúöˡһ͵ô㣬ҿȫĸùˣﶼ֪أ
ҿϷ˽ӹ˺ӴӲһţǰҲһȷʵҪȹϳ˶ˣոûôõĲҶ
ԲѵðƻЦ˵
Ϸ˷һϲģȴ˵Ȼ⣬ҲΪѵˣҲ̫ӣ
ŮллĸˣƻȻţɷ࣬˸ӡ
ϷڻûסЦӳɡ
ãƻ˵ͷýȥĸһ
ϷƻŻص˻С
ϷǺˣǰܿȴûЦģ
ôˣƻһ۽Ҳý˵𣿡
ܿһۣ˵ʲô˵㲻Է˵ϷԺΪˣ
㿴㲻Ƕ֪ˡƻЦ˵Ϊʲôˣ
ܿװɵֱ˵ңΪʲôϷͻȻı뷨ˣ
ԭȻΪ׸Ѿ̬ȣϷɵˣƻЦ˵
ܿһֻƭƭ˻УƭҲܣǲʲôˣ
֪ٻвͨˣƻֻ˵ðɣ˵ʵҲȷʵ˰׼ҡ׼ҴӦ㣬ҲͨոͰ׸һϵҲͨϵϷ˸ӵңΪΪոڿǡ
˵꣬ܿһһ߸游˵Ϊ˻ȡոȨָĸ˵Ϊ˻ð׸֧֣㻹Ųߡ
ƻҲЦ˵ߵĿĶﵽ˲ҲһָʱٴƱ
ҿ˵㣡ܿ΢ŭ
ƻǰһס˰ܿĸ첲֪ĸΪʲôҲǹҪĸ׵ģ뷨ҲһʱģԼҲûҪô죬ûüĸ˵
ܿתͷϻһЩŭҲ֪ҲԼ⡣Ҳ㲻ʲô鶼ǵôȫżҲֵһ¡ʱľóģһ㶼˽㡣
ŰܿƻʱۿĲġΪǰʱֻԼһˣǺһˣҲԼһе飬Լе飬Ѿϰˡ
ҪᣬܿȻۣȴûгԼҲűʵģҵǲ˵ҲϷһŪӣ
⻰ƻҲ̲סӿ˳ƻΨһˣôһأ
ܿװһ޶ԵӣʵԺ󻹶Բˣ
֪˵ƻʹõӴģòʵ̫ˣ˿Ѿܿٲ֮⡣ǰһЩС£Ҳˡ
ڲ仰ͰŪڹ֮䣬Ժ󻹲֪ʲô춯ص顣ͻСһŮӣҲزʵĳʲô£Լһ֪ġ
ƻѾֻҡͷ
ɰܿĽܲԼĸһүõĲв֪жôϧĸȴ˵Լֻӡ
ȻȷʵҲֻǲҪĸİˣôô
޵ģܿҲ̲סᣬʵƻﲻʲôͨͨˣԺƽƽӣֻôһŮֱ붼룬ʲô¸ô죡
ƻ˵֪ˣԺһôˡԺһ¶
ܿҲѾ޵˵ֻǱƻ˵ͷ˵˽˽ɣôϣԼŮһѪģʵʵڵˣһƹһˡ
˱һ˺һᣬſסԼ
ܿƻϵᣬ˵Щɹ֪˵ػ㻹ǻأ鵱µģ
 

һʮһ 

Ҳƻű˵֪ﶼΪҲģ̫ˣҪַҳԡ
ܿһᣬ֪У
ѾѾ˿ˣߵĿվԶһЩ
ܿ˺üŴ˽
ȥһˮܿ˵
Ҳû̧ͷˣֻǿٵȥˡ
ĸŮ߳һܣп飬ܿʹϷ˵Ķ
Сʲô飬˾Ȼ
Ϸ˴ʱױ̨ǰ棬֣ͷϵķȡķɿͷ
û˹װεϷˣɫûôˣҲûƽյǿƣһ۾ߵ֣֣˵Ϊʲô£һ׼ҵйϵѾͷ˰ɡ
֣Ҳ׹˵Ҫ˵С㻹Ǹһģʲô鶼˵ǶԷš
ϷЦЦһ⵹ǲ٣ʲô鶼ⶼһƬТġ
⻰ô˵أָ֣Щɻʵ
Ϸֿһۣ˵㰡ʲôҲදӣʲôʡ
̵֣˵ͷǣԺūһදӣʵֱ̫ʵ벻ףϷ˵㲦һ
Ϸһۣ˵Ϊʲô鶼֪ǺõЩ鲻֪ܻɿһ㣬ѾͷΪһ㣬ܿŲġ⻹һТİ
Ļֲ֣׹ЦЦ˵ūԺЩҲ֪һЩ
㵹ͦһģϷһۡ
֣תëʪݸϷ˵ūеġϷ˵˵СǶûТˣ
ϻЦˣϷȴЦ˵ҵǲжٵТģֻҪһľˡ
֣ҲЦ˵Ϸ˵˼Ѿˣ
һֻģֻڿ⺢ӱеĺҩҲճ˲ֹһǰ㣬ǶҴ֮ģҲԲҧһڵ顣ϷϵЦ⽥ȥ
֣Ҳ˵ͷ˵ҿŴСҲһõģТΪȣôТ˳Ʒо;Բ˵ģ
ˣʱҲˣЪˣҲȥϢȥɡϷ˰ëݸվ˵
ūˡֱ֣ˮȥ
ĳ֮ϣһڴ£һߵض顣
ϣߵضҲǵһˣдľ飬ֻǻҪȥʩвſԡճվڴϣֻ˵
ûʲôĿһۣͻȻתͷŰ׺˵ʲôƼѡ𣿡
Ҫ˵ճ΢΢һ㶣ϴȫһ£ӴĿ̧ͷһۡ
ʵЩӣ˶ܿ׺̬ȵı仯ڳϻԾ˲٣żҲ˵һЩнԣҺܶ鶼˵ϡ˵ֺҲ˿Ϊ
׺Ȼע⵽Χ˵ı仯Ҳ⣬˵Ϊѡ˵ҪλȨأҲҪԺգҪĻҪ
Щ޻Ҫ˵𣿡˵ֻҪеѡͿˡ
׺̵ͷ˵Ϊʣ
΢΢һüһһԵ᪣ȻٳûвΪ̫ӵԭΪҪûҪûй
飬ǰ͹ҲˣʱΪ̫Ҳ˳ˣ
ճ΢΢һüͷѾ˱ѡոͨ£ȨҪǻˣϣˡ
ϣΪףߵĵض֪ʲôҲ˵᲻ٶ֮ôȥأ˵
׺ȴûã࣬ߵİֻˮȵУεľǳܾ͢ˮ𡣴ǰȥ˵̬͢ȣֻ϶ڰյĹػܹġ
֪࣬жΣգ㻹ôȥǰʲôģճ̴ʵ
׺ȴͷ˵ϣϳް㺦֮ģֻΣϡ
ƳճһۣſŰ׺˵֮ģȻҲĻʮеΪȣں޲ϾȥܴȥҲǾ޵һƬ⡣
ϣɰ鱾ǳӵĸΪϷǣôôȥأճִ˵
Ҫ˵ʲôȴȳʣԸ˵ûдΪȡİܿ࣬Ҳ̻ѰҲϣܸİЩʲô
 

һʮ ׺ı仯

᪵ıʮֵ⣬һӺɵ˵ãһ޵Ķӣ׼ˣ²˳٣˳֮һϸڣձ̸ߣ
ǣ᪵ͷӦ
ͷһվһߵճһȥ˼ײΪԼδˣճӦðԼ𣿿ȴȫԼȥֻΪԼİȫ룿
ճһһȥˣҲðԼ˸ȥ˵ϣֵشһҪ̫ͣҲûо飬ɼλ󳼴Ըɡ
ǵ˵ͷ˵ȷʵҪ˴ЭȴֿŰ׺ʵѡ
ճ̲סüͷٲ׻ϵ˼̫ˣǹġΪԼɱţΪռڳⶼѾûûа취ˣ
ð׼һŭռҶЭôλ׼һֻڸۻ𣬿ǰûھȻð׼ȨֱǹӲţ
ǲôҲûбֳ
׺˵ػϣмѡһλǻˣһλǹǮˡ
⵹ЩˣΪһѡ׼ҵˣȴ׼һϵûС
ճɫȴӵѿˣȷʵ׼ûйϵǸռȴйϵ˶ߵˣвͣҲһֱѹ˲һֻɵλã
΢΢תͷԻʹһɫ
վ˳˵ϣΪסλȻǻߵˣȷʵҲдľ飬Ƕ˵ͶЩƫˡ۳Ͷǻ˳ԲֱдߣҪȥ֮ٳ⣬Ǻã
׺˵Ŵ֪ǮԭҩֳϾټҲΪֺ֪дߡ
ԸǮͻȻվ˳˵ߵضŻȥҲǳҩõ˿ơǰֻǳ΢ᣬȻټϳȫ
£һʱʧ񡣵ڵĴһӣ춼ĻϰѲ½˸ֽʹԼߵȥߣǳҲǱ
΢΢Щĵ˵ͷ˵Ҳ˵£Ƕһҩ񰡣һҪȥеģ
Ǯ˵ı֣Ͻĵ˵ͷ˵
ȻǮȥأɱǮ˵ͻҪ󣬻ճ̴˵
ȴЦһ⻰ǲ˵ˣΪʲôΪ䣬ͳߣضʱҸ֪أһҸǵضġȻȴԼ֣ٳˣҲؽҸһǣ
ɨһճ˵Բľ龭жôḻҲûУľ͸ȻֿʵԸ𣿡
վԸڵŻϽгأ
Цеѡôˣûʲô飬Ǯһָ㡣
ֶ˵ҲҪλ˵ĻвɶרУ
ǣס
ף
˵ͷֿճʵɻʲôҪ˵𣿡
ճ΢΢ҧһͷػϣҲΪã
۹ȻǺãѡ⼸޶ʮֵ⡣˵ҲúõѧһѧҪӶǽᵳӪ˽Ĺ
⻰ֱ˵ճˣճҧҧǵͷû˵
Ӳ˵ԺҲӦ˵仰ԽԽϲ˵ˣ͢ҲҪɣ޽Ѿճ̣һЩЩͽˡ
⻰׺ֻǲӦճȴȻ̧ͷһۣЩղסеľȣ޽Ĳ£ҲûҪȻô˰׺㣡
Ѿ˵̫෴ϵĻҲ˵ջسĻֻܵȵԺһڰ¸ˣ
ճһԼƽﲻˣǲһ˰һ
еİܿĸŮиӲζۿŰ׸ҪˣʲôҪȥԲð׺ʹӣ
Ȼţ³֮󣬿ͱΧİ׺㣬û߹ȥ˵һ䡰ϲֻһ˻ʹ
 

һʮ 

Ӱ׸Ҳ˺üˣûз˰еİܿոֵľ͸ˡ
ܿսһЩ飬緹һСͻȻ߽Ժӡ
ˣүСǰ緹С˹˵
ƻͰܿһۣ˵϶߷ֵֵĲм
үѾ緹ˣһԾˣܿżֵ⡣
С˻Ϊѣɽ˽Ͽʼ緹
һСҲֻ뿪ˡ
ճҪˣʲôܿ˵
ƻҲЦһضϴĸ׸游Чˣһʮֳ游
ܿһۣɵͦҵƻĺ⡣
˰ɣƻЩЦһһû뵽ճΪ˸׼ʾĸ׵ͷ
ܿһ¶ֵļ벻мСˣô֪ʲôʲôܣ
ˣ˵Щˣ˵ȥ඼ҪˡƻЦţܿʢһࡣ
ƻһ࣬ȻתͷһһƬƣ΢΢һ䣬˵ƣҺĸ˵Ļ˵һ᲻ʹϷ˵Ķˣ
⻰˼ȻףҲЩţϽ˵СĻ⻰ǼˣôᴫϷ˵Ķأ
ɲһ˳Ŷͻ˵Ҫ˭˵ȥˣⲻǴϷ˵Ķ𣿡ƻͷ˽ࡣ
С˵Ȼӵؿƿôȥ˵Ϸ˵Ķ
˵ӣҺĸ𣿻˵Եˣƻ̧ͷʵ
ѹԵ£ƵĶǶð˺˵ƵӣȻֻз˺С㣬ôأ
ֵܿͷĵ˵ȻõģʱȻж̣ȴҲûʲôĵطɡİҵӣԺҲܺúõĶԴ㣬㲻Ҫʧˣ
һСΣָϽ˵
ƻ˵ͷˣǶȥɣҲźˣ
Ʊһȥ
֮󣬰ܿ˵Ǻ⣿㻹Ĳɣ
ƻҧһڵСʲôŵģһѾߣź򣬴ûɹػ˵һػʲôҪ
Ҹ˵أܿһۡ
ƻ̲סһЦеĿӣ˵ոУճϷ֮⣬˵ˡ˵󸮵飬Ϸ˲룬˵㡣һЩˣҲΪԼ㡣⼸Ϸ˸ѾߣܽĳƺҲûбˣǸģ֪ʲôƵСҲȽϵĹϵҲȽϺá
˶˵עʱҲˣҲΪСԵʣϷǱߵϵҲࡣҲֻϷǱ߹ʱŲ᲻ص˵ô䣬˵Ѿҡˡھôһô׵ġ
ܿһֱŵ˵ͷƻ֪Ǹ˵˵ƻֻЦ˵ʲôҲѲƣ͵ǰװײˣ
ⲻʲô鶼ڿûУŮʲô鶼״ԼҲȥģƻЦ˵
ܿЦźһǣƻ˵ʲôʱ
ƻЦЦһ࣬ﻹǰĳԷɣ
˳˷ȥϷ˰˿Ҫ磬Żصӡ
Сˣ˵ճǹȥ緹
ԭΪѪܾ˾ͲûȤˣȻˡ
ӻûк䣬һ¿Ҫ˯һͲүԷˡܿȻǾܾ
û뵽˰ճȻԹˡ
̤ŵճܿûֻǿʵʲô
ҼȥԷ㶼ؾˣұԺӵķֶóԡճȻв죬Ҳûбֳ˵Ȼ벻ȥҾֻҷ˳һٷ
ܿҿûʲôдķˣҪԷǸϽǳȥɣ
ճ˵ͷǾãԼܿ˵ӦöԴ˸ж=ŶԣԲӦԼĿԼԼ϶յ衣
˵ճˣƻİܿܵ˺һϢݣŰܿû£в԰תͷճʵʲôղŰܿ䵭ıȫһ¡
ģճ䣬˵ôϷ˵ǰһ׶ǲǣ
 

һʮ ع

ôôһĹճ¶ò
ƻЦף׷ɱĸŮʱҾѾûиˣ֮䲻ѪԵϵİ˰ˣ
㣡ճָŮ˵ָ̬֪ҵĹûﲻռҵˣռҼȻѾӵ͸Ϊռ룬Ӧðҳɴ£ȴĻӣ岻˵ĺ㶼Ź
Խ˵ճԽԴ¶ҪԣȻֻ˵˵Ҳû𷣹ɣΪҪ㴦ӣҵǳһ
ƻǵ쳤ϣô˵ô˵ﵽʲôֻԼף֮һֱûжңΪţĸң޴֣ǣԺɱ֣ʲôʱϹ˵һϵûУ
ճĻðɣǻһЩǣ֪ȥҪƻаܿٴηҲûˡ
ڲ˵Щֻ뿴ĸŮǳһٷ˵һ˵ϾҲһ˲𣿡ճ˵Ŭļһ˿Цݡ
˵һ䲻ģôܸĵ˳ʺ˵жƻͰܿʮֵ޶ԣֻĿճԸ˵
ճ˶Լ̬ȣиð𣬡ôһٷҳԣ
ҸղŲ˵ûиԵķҪԣȥԣܿ˵
ճȻ÷ۣȴ¶һЩε飬ȻǶôҲֻȻȥˣԺһж֤лǵģ
ɣƻһӣۿ
˺ӺƻͰֱܿȳһӬġ
һŭİܿƻϽ߹ȥοĸױˣһ͸óԷˣһ˷
ܿ̾һ벻ףΪʲôҵ޸ôһ
ƻЦЦ΢΢ӣҪǱϾǰĹεĳ̶ȣճ⻹Ǻõġ
衣֮ǰϢ˵ѾҪ춼ˣӦòõ˰ɣ
ʱȷʵѾ̤춼˴ȥҳİȻȴϢûϢֱӽ˹
鷿蹪˵ʣûܹոʸ޻ع븸𷣣
Ц˵ֲʲô£˵ʲô𷣲𷣵ġֻǾߴʱ̫ˣȫһֲ˼ģңĸʮֵ㣬Ÿ㶨ôһ
˵ɫҲǺܺã˵ˣأ
ɵͷ˵øʵˣʵѾõĲˣֻǻҪúõһʱ䡣
̵˵ͷ˱á
ظоƺЩĲɵģҲһֱ⿴ڵȴʲô
ûöã˹ڵλͳϢɡ̫ҽԼˣͳȴûУӦǸȥˡ
ΪʲôȻΪҪһǸ٣ǲĶֽš
Ȼܴ󷽷ģȥİȻȻΪİȻȷʵһλΪʦ壬ֻλʦѾ֣ðҲ±˽Ҵˡ
ֻҲûмֻİȻ˵յʱӡôߡҲûйϵΪֻҪİȻӦþף¶ڵġ
ص˰ոĸеôˣʵȴʱʱſ
˵һж˳ǵĺܸߣһ·Ҳͽ̰ĹԱ㶾ȶˡ
̵˵ͷ˵ˡ
ЦЦ˵ˣûʲôģΪ׷ҵҡ
˵һᣬſڲųһˣȻͳ졣
ǰ̺Ȼ̧ͷһ̣۾ٵգգ
̽յеϢв֪ΪʲôЩʧҪһʲôѹһ裬Ҫ̫졣
ȻĿûдҲʧȥ˺Ȥֱ˵ĸý㻹ǿЩȴɡ
֪еı仯Ҳûж˵ʲôֱ˳
վſڣе˭뵽ĸףȻֻãһû˾Ͷһߡ
ĹУϣ˵ĸ˵ˣڿɺõ𣿡
ĸû£ѾˣͲôˡЦ˵
ϸ۵˵㿴ˣԺ󰡱㸸ʸֲ£
 

һʮ 

迴Ц˵ĸǳ˵ӦΪʷôֲöˣ
ĸǲĴܾĸߡ˵΢΢̾һ
ϸµĿ˿üۼһЩ㲣ʵĸôˣʲôĵ𣿡
ЦЦ˵ƽֲţʲôĵ飬Уһĸʲô鶼Ժˡ
Ը˵̿ߵķùʵùãô£
̿򷽹ùãʾҪԡ
ùȴͨһ˵ū֪ﲻĵ֪ū澲ܿô۸Ȼתͷ˵ĵ£ʵԴ֮󣬻ϾҲûǹͷ컹ã˺ֻҪȥʺ밲ЩǾͻ䳰ȷѾ˺üˣ
˵Щʲô߳ĵʲôˣЩҳ̣
ūʵǡù棬ͣĿͷ
Ͻ˵ùÿɣڲͣͷĵأЩΣתͷ˵ĸùùɣҲΪ𣿡
һ۷ùãۿ˵ĵµϣɣԺٸҶ챾㡱
ùվ΢΢Щʵ˵ллĵ¡
ĸ迴˵Ƿùý첻˵Ҳܴӱ֪£ֺαأ
ŬѹԼЩ΢΢Ĳʶĸ˵ж־ķĪЩŮ˼ҵ¡ڳֲȴǰ㸸ʹʦأȻܹ˼󹬡ʵҲֻȥʺ
ĸΪʲô鲻أ迴ʵ
΢΢˵ͷЩش
ĸЩȻӸ˵ģĸһԡЩ길ʵĳңֻöҲĸ˳õն񣬺󹬵ȴӦǣҲӦüǿԺб仯
΢΢һ㶣Ϲ֮λԭһŮˣô֮ҪеĿ쿪ڣֿһ۵еĹŮԷùʹһɫ
ù̼еĹŮȥˡ
˶߳ȥ̿ʵ⻰ʲô˼ѵҪ˲ɣ
̾һͻȻƻʱ԰ܿʱĸ飬ǳʹʹҲĸջڱ֮¡
ĸ֪ڽ˰ձ
شԼȴ˵üͷлʮֵ˵ͷ˵ĸ֪Ϊ𣿡
˵ͷĸ֪Ƕ⡣
ʲôɲ˵̫𣿡𾪵
ǰд˿˿⣬Ҫ˵䣬°ն̫ӵĹ̫ͣӵΪΪ񣡡
лزȻ⣬ô䵽̫ӵͷϣ
֮Ź㸸ʣ
˵ͷһֱĸĸģڸʾȻҲĸҲ֪ˡ
˲ӿ˳ʮ꣬Ҷʮ꣬Ͷ۰мӣԭǼٵⰲ̫ӵͷϣĴ߳ȫֲãֲãһæŴѹԼҵ
˲ʧȥӵзֻס˵ĸ㲻ҪˣǰʮʣԺ㻹ж
飬һʱôܽܣ˺һ󣬲̧ͷ̧ͷֽס֣ͻȻԳ˼ֵľȻԣûĳ谮ΣһôĶӣ
˵ֲȻһЦ˵ʵЩѾ׼ˣҾܸоһˣı߷һδʯͷصĸо
ӣģĸôųˣĸҲһ벻ˣôٳ趼߹ˣԺҵĺһܸҸҫʲôȥĸһ֧ģ
Ȼô˵ţһ뻹˵ڷϴ
踧ıҲûȰֽѾҪúܶˣĸҲеļǿܶࡣܿ޳ãﷴ⡣
ãȶԼȻٿˣȴЩ㶵ģתͷһ˵ʶ㻹ǰȡ˰ɣ
ЩӦôͻȻȵĻϣĸǺ⣿
ǸúӣԼҵĵŮڲ㻹ԼҶʮֵѣʱӦȻЩģȴ͸˼ֺ⡣
һʮ²һ
 

һʮ һĹ

Ļüͷ˵ĸԼԭңжľ˸ĸܳô䣬ԼҶָˣֺαһҪɱü޸أ
ΪʲôԸȢأǻôϲ㣬С͸ƨɺ棬οԼǵĹϵҲǶȻ߾ȫİģ˵
ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷĸֻ֮飬ӲҪöȢǺܶһֵĶŮ˽飬Ҹģ
ֻ֮飬ҲиİŮ֮СϹˣһеģ¶ֵȻĸʲôˣֻϣܺúõģѵССԸĸ𣿡
迴΢΢üͷĸʲôܴӦ㣬Ψ¶
ˣܾôףЩӦʵ
ԼˣЩӲıҲǵЦⶼЩѹסĸͲҪˡ
⸱ģʲô׵ģҲ¶˼Ц⣬˵ôǲԸȢأԭˣĸ˵һ˵ļҵĹҿɼ𣿡
ƻݣǸĸһҪǣ飬ֻ˵ĸǱˣУ
һӣЩˣ˵ҪݣԺʧ˳裬ǽҲǳɴµˣԺӣضҪŵԣһЩŲԵŮӣĸʧ
ô˵Щˣǻ˵ĸģĸʧģ
Цŵ˵ͷ˿˵ɷ檵ĺˣȢҲìܰǶԷŵڱɸߣǾĸˣίһҲģ
ĸ˵ʲôأЩ˵˵ˣɱþֻ֮飬ĸԺҪˣ
οƻõˣôģ
Щֻ˵ãĸ˵ˡⲻΪð˵ɫְҲûһܰˣôأ
Ȼ֪ǵԼ˵ĸģѾıĸֻҪұˣ
лмֵĲȷ֪ԼԺҪоٵĴĥôȷǳ˲¹ͷĳ֮ϣҪôһ˹¾սأ
һԼ޵̾ͶѾصߵ˵ȥ뿪ʱ䣬ʵĶռ
ͷӦһǣӰͻȻʧˡ
ϣдڶ˼ʶһ裬ȻһڣͻعһĿ˿ĲˮⶼʲôôĲˮϲƻݵĲ֮һ
еıӣҲ֪ƻʲô
ŷƻͻȻһ磬ܿϽһˮѯʵû˵һߵճѾʮеʵƻôˣ岻𣿡
ƻһۣЩԹĿһϷˣô˵Ҳ
ϷװûпּһŽ̵˵ôʳ㶼ݳʲôˣ
˵бۿһƻһҸ㱨˵ӡ
һʻҪӦͷƤԵӣƻЩ̿ǵЦЩѹסϽڷ
Ϸ˵ǹһǻЩ֣ôһҶҪǹȥԷ
һճ̾ȻҲڣѾˣֻòһԷ
ԵôԵˣճ˵ţͼһӲƻ͡
ƻ̰һţҳԱˣ
ճֽ˰У˶ٲЩεİѲ˷ŽԼУһȴŴȸ΢Ц˵ҲԵ̫ˣѹôݣٳһɣղŻˣǲǴ·ˣȻƻĽ˵ȥСü
е˶ͣ˿ӣתͷǱȴ졣
ܿϵĶģϷϵǼϵ𾪡
ʲôȥѾˣôʱҲ֪·ճ˵
ͷһûӡѾȥ˺ܾãѾѳ޲ĵףҲûжң
Ž⸱ģճһüͷҪϷ˵
ػȥˣ˼·ʱƻȥͺˡϷֿһ˵ģһҲȥɡ
 

һʮ ʤ

ƻϷ˵лĸ
ҲЩܳҲϽл
ĸܵճʹ˳ǣЩŤ
⸱ģϷ˵ôˣǶûһһٷ
ճ̵ͷӦ͵ǰǷ˺ƻѾܶûһˡ
ܿȻż顣
ܿĬĬе룬ⷹǳԲȥˣ
ճ߻û꣬˵Ҽǵ޵ĸ٣ɽ±һЩһұ˸͹ȥ
ܿһˣ岻شǰԲֶǷָԺеļλɣ
ľܾѾճͷʮֵı꣬ѹԼֻлŴֵĻôûк䣬ұ̫ҽ㿪ҩúõĵһС
ܿҪܾӵµȴƻסˡ
ʵƻһֱЩİܿӣȻйеҩֳ˳İȻҩȴûϵͳĺúòӣҲ֪һʲôˡ
Ҳ񶼣˵ǳȥȥˣи̫ҽܿһҲ
ƻ΢΢ҡͷܿҲЩ˼ӦճҲֻûг
ճУȻĬˣеĲҲԼһЩϵЦҲȻһЩұ̫ҽ
һԵȻһֱͷû˵ʲôǽ߬ſӵȴ
ں޲վһӲ˶Ƶܿϣĸ׻ׯܿ࣬ȴŸ׵Ĺϵ
뵽־ģôͻȻƻôˣѾܾûϵԼˡ
Թ˷ܿƻҲ̾ߣºȲ衣
ܺϷ˵ʲôճиָɣܿƻϡ
ðܿʤ˵ȥϸ˸̽һҪʰȸˡ
Ϸ˵ͷϸȷʵʮϲǣԼ˴ҲӦģǱȥϢɣ
ܿ˵ͷվȴֱճסˣ̫ҽ˸Σ
תͷһۣܿ˵Ǿ̫ҽٹɡ
ճһüͷ̫ҽֲǼҵģô浽˵Ǻðɣٹ
ܿ΢΢˵ͷûӦ
ճȴʵ׼𣿡
׼ˣܿЩͷĿһۣҲ˵϶á
ճȴȫĲ⣬˵Ҳ˱һһӹɣ
ܿһ£ǵϷҲ÷ֻǶϷһףƻ뿪ˡ
ܴһˣ˵ճǲǴ˶ġϷ˵Ժ֮󣬰ܿ˵
ƻҲһЩΣȷʵ̫ˡ
ôӦ̫ҽأûܹĶݻãδӦһΣҪôˣֿܿƻ˵
ƻЦЦΪĸ׵壬ûа취ܾοⱾӦΣĸײþòԺʲôʲôǡ
ܿһۣ΢΢ͷ˵λҽ֪ںδҵӲЩˣĸŸӵĽ
ӦǸĻӻ춼ˣҲûиһһȥдһ˽ɣҽܹܲĸҲҪ̫ϣϾǳҽЩŹ֣Ҳ벻ƻ˵
ܿͷΪﶼףֻһϣܺùûаɣ
ƻҲŵͷص֮̾Ϳʼдţ̲֮סʣǱߵ
ѾЩ˼ϾοҲûгȥҪ֪ǱߵҲֻпһˡ
д̲֮סķ˼ַۣԼѣǻԼ⣬̫ˡ
òײԼģȴһ֮䱾Ҫһֱġ
ʵҲԼȻԼ⣬ȴûôᶨûšô飬֪Լܲȥϲһˣܲȥάϵһθ顣
һݸ飬һֱǲڸˡ뿪ʱ䣬Ҳ侲һ룬⵽׸úȥδӡ
ڳȴѾ˹ȥѴˣƻָһ˵ҹС㻹ǹϴ˯ɡ
ԣǸùϴ˯ƻЩظһĻ
ƸҪѯʣһߵĽȴһѣʾ뿪
Ȼ֣ǽСߵʱľͲдҲûʲôڽ뿪ˡ
 

һʮ 

ڶһ磬ƻ׼ˣȥ̽ȻʲôشĳϣҲҪŵ塣
Źعùʰ˰죬ûס֣ƻЩε˵ùãֲȥμʲôᣬ˰ɣ
عùȴûֵͣ˼˵СոĴС㣬ȥĶǴС档㲻֪ǶСһŶСĻҪɣ֪ĻǴС㰡
ƻੲݵĻֻܳױ죬Ȼ߶ԼĶ䶼Ҫ߶ˡ
һʱ֮󣬹عùòסָ֣ƻ˰·ϴϷõѾó
ʽеĿʽȻһһĺãһЩϷ˿Լģ·
žеԼƻЩȣΪȻʱôεĺۼǺأֻǺܺõͻ١ϵ·ɫģͷϴĲҡ˶ʻ
ƻҲò̾عùõգֲÿҪţĸ׾ͻʰԼԭ֪ˣ
ܿķ䣬ܿѾ׼ˣ緹ҲѾϡ
ƻװ磬ܿҲʮֵ⣬Цŵͷعùõû˵ƻƯ
ĸ˵ƽﶼƯ𣿡һϣƻ޶԰ܿЩԹ
ƯҶûϱƻÿˣܿЦ˵
ƻͷҵǼ
˭˭ܱƻƯܿЩ档
ŰܿһϮȹŷ۰ɫĻƣںڶžµĻƣԵʳڣִż浾
ƻЦ˵Ȼĸװ
ܿ˼ŷӦ̴˴ƵĶͷȡЦΪ
ȡЦĸˣɶҵĻƻŶͷǹعùþĸһģɲҪ˲źã
ˣͱƶˣϽԷɣܿЩЦ˵
Թ緹֮˱׼
ٳ֮ǰ˻˵үеġ
˿Щܿ΢΢鴤һ£΢΢ҧһסûаЩӳȥ
ЩȥǱ߲һô롣Ƿ޸鲻˳ݷãɷô档
ֻҪ뵽˻뷨ܿ̾һļƤ
ҪȻҲͻȻģǰѾϢ˵ǽ
үĸۡſڣѾڵȺˡ
˳ĶţϷ˺ͶҲѾڵȺˡ
߻ãǶȴûӰ
ܿƻǰ񣬴ұ¿ʼȵ졣
ƻ˵ĻǺֻܶ࣬һЦţżȤյԽԽá
Ϸ˱ƻǶϲĲУһöĽҶӡ
ԼӣƻЩεϷ㲻ҪҶѹҳô죿
˵Ż˻Լӣ̱ĹЦһôЦֵĴ˶Цᡣ
ƻȴʮֵ˿ֿǸȫ״ҶЦʲô
ӣ˺Цֹ
ӴҵСĸӴҿĽɩôһĹϷ˱һǲͣЦš
ƻװʵǸ㲻ģֻܸһЦ
۽ЦᣬɩҲǺøأ
ܿЦЦʲôøûмѾͷ˵ӣ
Цһᣬʱ˵ġ
ϴβ˵忴һҵĹ𣿻¿ɶˣܿŴʵ
飬˵Ƕֵ˶ˣ͵ǹＰˣ
̫ˣʱҿҪһϲƣܿЦ˵
Ц㲻أ
ЦһᣬֿܿŶƻһֻʵ⣬ôû
˵Щ˼⼸ո˷纮
ˣ𣿡ܿʵ
˸Ͻ˵ѾҪˣֻ¹˴ҵĲûгͣɩӲõġ
ܿŵ˵ͷ˵ѾˣһһҪעҼ·
Ҳʱ⺢ֻҪһʲôˣȾ˷纮ʹһλ鿴ˣֱ˯һڶ㶳õ˷纮˵ǽΡ
ùƻ̧ͷ˰ܿһۣ˵ĸףһȥһǶһһġ
ܿȻ˵ͷãһȥһ
Ҳ̲סԶ˵ߵѾ߶һЩ˯Ҫۻˡ
ǣϱˡ˵
 

һʮ 

ڵպܺãǶ˵ĻȴôдʹΪľΪᵽĺжôùɫҲĲ
Ϸ˿˴һۣҲмֵĲ죬ȴ˵尡ҲҪ׵ˣԺҲģúö飬Ҳ
΢΢һ㶣һ˿ͣͷһ۴˲˵ǣ֪ˡ
ɫѿ˵ģƽҲǺùģֻ˵ҲˣȻûôҲʵʵģҲǳ顣˵Ǽҵĵӣ˵ڳ͢ѡѡţҲԤ˼ټӵܲǡƷҲǳ͵ģȻõһģ
˵ֿһ۶˵Ҳ֪ԼûĻᣬôŬģ
죡ϷŭⶼʲôټӵȨΣѵͲӦùˡ˵ģǽ˳ãʻһ֪ǲǶռҵҲҵ
⻰ŭʲô˼ξһ֪ˣǸֿ䣬ǲ̫ƫˣ
ϷŭƫģƫҾͲ˵һ
ǰɩϷô˵ҲΪðҲ̲ס˵
תͷͺǳɣռ˾ҫǶӣô
ϴҵ̫ˣƽҲͰˣڻпأϷ˸ӵ˵
˿һ۰ܿƻϸֳ˿ǿӲתͷ˵ƽƽôˣТ˳źү̵ڣҪһӵĳԺȣһãʲô鶼϶ҪˣҲ׶ϱ
ɩ˵ˣҵĴҽղӦġ˿ԽԽңϽ˵
˵һۣҲٴȱ²ԣ˵ȥĻҲղˣ
϶ҵģ˵ҵ׿жٵĲϷ˴Ҳˣʲôںģ
ҲŭãȻô˵ǶϱҽһΪ죡϶Ǹʲôˣ˭Ǽүûû£ǾͲТ˳𣿺ο׶ӣʲô鶼϶ҲͰˣ⣬㻹ƨ£Ҫ䵽ȥ⣬ʲôʱһ䣡£ɸ޹𣿣
Խ˵Խ󣬻ЩʣҲֿ֪ڣȴſ˵ô˵壬ôţ
˵꣬һĬϷ˾񱻳ȡеһ㣬αϣֻǿŴġ
һĻţ֪
ܿƻһۣ϶żֵΡ
ƫƫо鲻ҵģͻȻ˵ĸТ߶ˣҪͷĸףͷҰɣ
ǰ仹˻۵һģڱϷ˾ͷ
Ϸӵģ϶΢΢Щ԰ףỨ˵ããȨҵĴˣӴԺҲ˵һ仰Ҳܸе飬ǿ𣿡
ۿһۣ˵α˵ֻҽֲ˼Ұﻰ˵ģԺֻҪʲô鶼š
ӣƻͻȻһȻ˵ӣһˣαҪŪأ
˿ƻ΢΢һüôСҲýˣ
ƻЦ˵ĪҪҶ죬ֻǾöһˣԺҪһܵǣⷬʹˣԺôϷ˺Ͷأ
ΪԼĿǵĻôҲûôˣǳǿ˵βԣﻹҲǵã
ƻЦ˵ҲһؿˣⷬҲǱ˺ܾò˵ġ
ô˵Ҳ̲סۿ˵СǸȴҵģ˭ϣͺģʲôԸأ
ƻ˵ͷֶϷ˵ϷˣҲҪ̫ˣȻһˣҲĳТ˳ģضʲôԲ˵ЩġȻˣҲͰѻ˵ˣ˵ЩɥĻˣ
Ϸ˿һۣ֣žžવĵǸúӡתͷԴ˵˵϶Ҳ϶ǸʲôˣϴǸʲôˣ϶ǸûϢҲŵ㣬˭ԸӣԼĽҵ׸˭˵϶ϱĻԺгϢҲǰ𣿡
 

һٰʮ Ը

Ϸ˵ţϴڳΪ٣˵ƷߵȴҲ̤̤ʵʵģԺҲܸһΣƽʱҲ˽̵Ҳأ϶ϱһ⣬Ҳȥ
Ϸ˿޵ģһߵָϽϷ˳˳ȻԴ˵ү£Ϸ˲ûģ
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Ϸ˿ϴˣҲæ֣ɣ⻰˵˾ͺã˵˾ͺá
Ǵȴһ˼ͷϷ˵ĿݸӵΣڵϲԸ
ɣѶͷĻˣϷ˸Ͻ˵
ȴԸһ壬ò¸ĸǸ
嵹Ҳ̹ȥ״ĸ𷣣
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һߵѾŵˣҲһһĿޡ
ⳡ泹ƻˣúõϸˣ̨׶׼ˡҲ̫ʵЩְŪˣֱڱϷԭˣ
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΢΢һЦǣҲ֪Ϸϱʲô
㻹˵ɩӵǸҲúúллƻѾͷǼ˻һӣϷ˿Ŵ˵
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˵ͷƻӵϲԶһˣ
תͷŶˣãҲ֪ɩǸƢ˵˺ܶҲҪϡ
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ƻȴôãմ˵ԸǻΪҲ˵Ƣãֻʲô鶼Ҫ˵ײſԡ
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ܿ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ʲôҲ춼ʮӣô˵Ǽªأ
˿ȷʵ⣬һɣҲ¶Ц˵ɩӲͺá
ܿЦôأ
ôҲأƻ˿ߣʵ
˵ԺҪһ㡣
ƻ˵ͷȻ˵߻磬Ժĸһģȥ𣿡
ȷʵŹ̲סͷãѾߴȥ
ƻЦŵͷȷʵΪġ
Ѿһ΢ƫƧһԺӣվԺԵĲˡ
ӣƻСˡ
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ƻ˽ЩȻקԼ·ҲղӦǻæĻһ·ҲЦ˵粡ˣ㣬ǲǴŵˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУֻʵڲô͡
ƻ˿Ĵѷŵ飬ϺҲ飬Ե÷ʮֵңЦĳ൱ùأɲôùҪúõıаһɡ
ƻ˵ǡ˵ͷϵЩ̿
 

һٰʮһ ̸

ƻȷʵҲЦתͷԽ˵дһЩϺֹȵҩȥһЩ
˵ͷҪ뿪ȴֱƻסˡ
ҲҸһɡתͷֶ˵Щ࣬ɸһȥ
΢΢һüͷȴЩ޴ñôҪʲô㾡˵
ʵһЩ飬Ժ鷿ҵģƽʱͰЩҲ˷ˣ綼͹ôҲЩôġƻЦ
һһЩ飬ܵľܾˣֻöߵѾ˵ŹȥѶɡ
ʵһ飬Ѿ߹ȥҲһ̧ҪҸڰ˶֧ˡ
Ѿ߳ȥˣֻʣˣƻ֪ôģЩţҲ̲סЩĺΣЩŵ˵ҪȲȥݣ
˵ЩһͿʼҵĿ
ƻϽ˵Ҳȣ㲻ÿˣǺúŰɡ
ʵڲ˼㿴⸱ģòֹס˿ԣһ˼Ŀƻ˵
ƻ΢΢һЦЦ̫ˣ㱾ڲУððʧʧ㣬Ǵˡ
ػص˵˼䣬ƻ۵ӣ΢΢һ̾ǺӣҲҪú
ôŬΪĴǣƻڰѻ
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ǵĲܿ𣿡ƻһơ
˿ԼСģŮ̸۴£Щ죬һһʮ˵ԣϾһ֮ʱɼǺܺá
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˵ĺƻȴ̫ֱ˵ΪϷ˺ͶӶı״ļ𣿡
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ƻϵЦⲻ䣬˵㲻ҪôңʵĲŻԲŻôġ
ЩȻֻ˵İɣ
˵ҲǣϾͱȽСӦô˵أƻЦ˵ΪҲŲϣա
ʲôϣգʵ
Ѿ˵ϣƻҲٱֵĺһϵı飬΢Ϊڵ͢άֶã
⻰û˵꣬ƻֽ˵
ͻȻǻԲ˳Ȼܿȶ˾棬ԼһƶȣҲץѡιԱҪȡ춼Ǳ߶Ӱ죬ͬϿѵûпǹΪʲô˵˳ƻԽ䣬ʵ
ǰƻͻȻǱһһӦѸ׹ܲĿ
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ƻϵĶЦʧӰգѵı˵ֶξֻ볯Ϊ𣿡
Ȼô
Ѿʮֵ͸Ҳ͸ɴ಻ԼҰģ֮ϣΰԼӵˣ־ǿϵļһӶ
ƻ˼һ㶼⣬˵֪Ҳֺܶ֡ʼҵӣҲֻ֮ҪǸλã֮ϣ˭˵Ӷأ
˵ʲô壬ԭͲǻʼҵӡ¶˼Ц
ƻȴЩʧ˵ԭΪܿס֪Ƶʲô۽磡֮ܵǻռҹûȻѹռҵѹҲճɲռҵġ
ʹѾɽƻı仯еϢ׵סˡһ۽磬δ飬ֱѵĸоռҵΪ֧ȻǺ߾ֱԼ׵֡
ƻӣȻΪʲôסˣҲûпڣԼع
 

һٰʮ Ȩ

֮˵С˵ɣ˵Щʲô˼
ƺˣƻЦЦ˵ȻһС㣬ҲѾд˰ɡ
ֻǲףҵϵʲôطС㿴أȻĻǵӽңϧֺҵĸס䣬Ҳŭ⡣
ȻǲƻһֱԶ˵ƭ
㻰˼Ҳϣȴû˵ôȻ˶ˣȴҲʮֵͶԵƻɴһЩЦ⡣
ȴЦһС˼ĸͶԵѵһָ𣿡
Ļƻɫ˼֣һҪҵ˼𣿾˶Σʲô캦Ȼ˶ˣҽ˷ģ˵ͶԵûйϵ첻ӦңҲɻˡ
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ƻʲôΪʲôѡΪոиûʲô֮ˣǿԡ
Ϊʲôֱ׵ȴʵ
ƻʮֵ죬뵽ոеҲ˽⣬ҲĵĽ͵Һĸȥ춼ʮһ꣬һҪңҴûаɸףĻش𣿡
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ƻ˰֣ӹҩݸ˵˵ҩˣֹƽҩôһҲأȻⷿ仹ҪͨС
⻰ո˵꣬ͿʼҿΪ̫ȵԵʣǿˣһֿ
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ƻ΢΢ĵͷҪѸһЩҲԤиһЩ
ѾãֻҪǰǻ뿪׼ռȻҪܹнӣֱֻ׵ĸΪ˭ҲţİһӴռҽ˵ϡ
СԼ׵ġԼܹͬȻƻкܸߵġ
ƻתͷһۣ΢΢һЦԸܹô
ֻص˶˵ԺӣܿͶ̸ĻЩȣŻعԭʱҲѾˡ
 

һٰʮ ǹʹ

ܿȻûȥֻ̽Ŷ˵һˣȥ˴Ǳ뿪ˡ
ڻس̵ϣܿЩпǼҼбľİ
ƻȻ˵˺Ϸͻ飬Ц˵ԸֱˬȻԣҲʲôӡ
ȷʵҪȿ۸Ҫöˣܿ˵ͷ˵˲Ѳ
ҲϷ˵̬ȣѾͣܶˣలȻõģҲϣĸٷ־ȥȥ
ֵܿ˵ͷ˵ĲҲǹ
붷еȴòֺٴΰˮ
ǺþûˡƻӭЦ˵
ǰʱΪϷƫ̻飬ȫƻǰˣڲƽϢˣճĸŮ̬ȶһٰʮzת䣬ճ
ƻ䳰ЦҲмֵǿȴ˵ţС⻰˵ģСͷôæūĸŰ
ĻͲ˵ˣ˵˵Ŀİɡƻʵ
ϸӵĵľȣūʲôĿأֻСͷˡ
ϾҪˣǻʲô¾͸Ͻ˵ûµĻ뿪ɡҺĸҲһˣҪϢƻôӣֱ
⻰û˵ͨһ˵ϣ˵ʾ˳˺СΪʵֻ̫ǲǷǶԶλ
˵Щûõģô£һֻûڵİֱܿʵ
ү˵̫ҽʱչʱˣү̸һỰȥϷ˰֮ڸϢŶλ̫ҽȴˣūҿȥ˵䡣˵ү˵ģϷ˺үТģƾʲô̫ҽߡ
˵Ҳüߵȴ˵ʲôλǻûлο˾ڸУҲͬġԴ֮䣬ȫǶԷ˵ӣȫﰡ
Լ˵ˣܿȴûʲôرı飬ʮֵ䵭飿ˣ֪뿪ˡ
һȭ޻ϣ΢΢һ£ЩĻҪ˵ʲô֮䣬ܿ˵˰Ϳͣ
ͱ˳ȥ
ҿԼȥȣ˵ҪĸΪİɣƻЩЦ˵
ܿһҵǹʹҲδ̫Сˣ
˸ûй飬ɸȥʶûȥʣԹ֮Ǹ̫ҽһ͵ı飬ɼڵĲ塣
ǿŰܿƻǹģҹЩͷˣ˵ݼշ˺С㣬մ˵շ˵岻ʣʮֵĵģϳΪշԭڸеȺ;Ȣķ˸ˣˣ˺СĪҪ
Ļܰæ֮ǰѾոˣĻ˵ʲôﲻܿЦ˵
˼ֱճûйϵˣȫǻϵ˼黹ͣҲ
˿ɡƻ˵ĸ֮ǰܹˣ˺صˣȻѾˣ׻˵ӣ̫ҽŵ
̫ҽ˵ͷ˿ܿɫ˵˲ĻϷΪ
ܿȻԼ󣬡롣
ûã̫ҽԼ֣΢΢Щ˵ȷʵ˸ˣõҩӦõҩôûгʲô̫⣬ԺֻҪעʲôġ
лˡܿ˵Ҳתҵл⡣
̫ҽ˵ͷ㿪һҩƻԽͳԺӡ
ûʲô󰭾ͺáƻ=һҩϸ˿ûŵݸ壬ҩץҩÿոĸװҩ
ȻЩԸǰܿҲû˵ʲôֻЦ˵ճļƻˡ
ƻҲЦһҲûж˵ʲôֻ˵ĸ׻ǲҪЩˣҲˣЩϢɡ
ܿͷҲȥϢɡ
صԼķ֮ƻȴкܶҪæǸ·ϢҪúõĻܡÿľǹϢ
ϢȴҲ꾡ֻ˵ѾƽĻص춼ˣһûжᣬһ̽ǴϢ
Ȼ֪ʵҲûʲô춼Ǳߵһ񶼺õģȴ̲סЩʧΪûиԼκεĿš
 

һٰʮ 粨

ƻ߼ǹ裬ֺγǹʵÿ춼дֻ춼ǧһô͵
ƻû춼βá
ԴˣôµģôһС¶ãǲʹˣøϻˣ̰ˤԴ˵ǰ˵
Դ˵ͷδһԣǽӲӺ΢֣ʾѹԼ顣
ȴŭһӣôѰһ䣬ǲǷϲ޻Ҫã
Դɵͷû˵ӵ˺öϣֻҪջϵǷȻһųնˣǰԭɵأΪʩѹͲݲݶϰĲ䡣
οϰҲұĽΪԭҪҽڳͰԼҡ
ȻеĹؽڣҲûж˵һ仰һ飬ǸӲŹԴˡ
б࣡һͻȻ߳˵
̿һۣ˵
ҪԽԴˣ˽֣֪ΪϷڰǹʽųٳٲУ
⻰һ̸ӵŭֲãôãԭΪ
ֵزԽҲò˵ϣôãȫΪ֤ݲ㣬óȻУûа˽ģ죡
Ƿ˿ǹʽȴʵ
Խüͷȴòʵ˵Ҫ볼ͬȷʵǹʽ
㻹ʲô˵˵ʲô߲㣬޿ǹӣҪǷ֤ݰɣ˵
ĿѾǿ޷ԣԽһʺͷϿۡ
ʱҲڳĬˣҲ˵ʣԴڴѾʮֵ꣬İһǱִҪ˵һͬ˶˽Ĵù븸ʲҪһ֮ʣԴ˽͵Ļᡣ
˵ּվҲ˼
̿裬ӵı䣬Ļӵ˼ѵ˵ǻ𣿲ǷǺڰ׾˵Խ
̫Ҳվ˵ǰĵܣѾˣһֱڸԴ˻ᣬȴһδεøʧǴû˵ԭ飬ô˲ɣʶ˵Ҫĵǲ̫żЩ
˶٣ֿ裬٣˵ΪԴ游Ĺϵ
̫ӵԣȻǹĸףҲǵԼΪ˳ı֣ĵһֻ־룬Ҳδĵµ游ԾӣԽ˵
Ҳ˵ֻǲϣʢŭʱóȻһЩ̫ӵ˵ģ֮ϱͲһ̸˽ĵطΪԴ˵ݶƫֻ̻ʵʵ̫ӣǲ̫ˡ
㣡ܿԼĵµҲǳģҲ˵㡣Դ˿Ǻĵ
黹ûиǹ׶ۣǻϺ̫ȴѾһһԽңǣĻӣѰ
΢΢˵ʣԡԴǳԪϣʶӦҪȶö࣬Ȼ֪һʲôˡԴҲֱϵ븸˼
ĿһۣѾܾûڳôԼ̫ӵĻˣҪצжˡ
ֻҲ֪ԼףԼڳѾٹ̣ԽʮֵģóóȻˣҲԷڡ
Ҫ΢һ£ԽȴͻȻڵأ˵ϣϳĴϳûɻϽ飬˻ϵΡֻϳǰδһְʵ̫ǿ׼ϳϻ磡
һôһƬȻ˭ô룬Ҳû뵽Լϻ硣
迴ֻԼüһʹȥ˸鲻˵ԽȻ²᲻ںеĸϵȴҲһִ˽ĺù٣ȴΪĹϵƵֵز
ȴЩȣԭôãȴԼϣһ泩
Ǻαأ޲˵㼸䣬Ҳɡ˵⻰ȴżЦ⡣
Խ˵ϳȷʵѾ㣬ѡˣҲ׼Ҹϻ硣
ϵЦ۾Թʱϵ˲ʧӰ١ôɴ˵Ҫϻ磬ΪҪס
Ȼ㱻Ū˹ȥ޲׼㲻Ŵʮ꣬˵һϳǾ㣬޾˴ЭԲϻ磡
 

һٰʮ Ұ

̼˵̫ӴЭɡ
Ȼ˵̫ӴЭԽȻ̵֪ĿģԼҲڲˣֱ˵ϣǾޣҲʮֵѣ̫׵󣬳Эɡ
֪ĿģɣǴ䣬ɿҲϤӻ̫ЭҲ֪㰸Ľȡ
ԭԼҵͻƿڣҲҪѹҪֶΣ˳ӣûнˣ
Խüͷ΢΢һ壬ͷȴ͵ĸͣ
³֮Է˽ǶȣԽһǰһš
ղĵ£ǳĲǡԽ
ҲԴ˺γԣҶ׸ʱǱģԴ˻ࡣ
Խ˵ĵˡϽס¶˼ּϴ˾ٵĶˣĵ¸ûпϹԼң⵹ԼҲĻһһ
⻰˵ʣ˵ң΢΢ͷбһۡ
ҡԽ̵ͷӡ
ţ˵Ҵδ˵ԼңԼұ־ҲΪ˲Լ鷳
Լĵ±һپһ𣬾ĻڿⱣ־鷳Լѵĵ¾ҪŻϽǸ𣿡Խٵ˵Щ
迴һۣ΢ӣԴѵû𣿸ȻһֱһǣȴԸҵģΪҲȥһʱ䣬Ͷұ˷ԼһֱĸøɣǾȻųȥ˵ҪȢɣ
֪ϸԽƿԡ
ֺһ˵ԼҵҰ̫ø̣˶˵ѾֵزȷʵԴ˵ıʸơοҲ֪Դ˵Ϊˣεİһᴦ
ȻԼһϵоٶеȴҲΪ֪һù٣ڵΪ˱ȫԼҲɸɴǹ٣޶õֵزǸøľҲԲ䡣
ԴЩצʱһЩӣһԼּ
ԭΪڵΪԼ˵ѾĬˣԽﻹЩ˵һڻӵУֻĵ²ż汸Ƕλñ͡
Դˣ˵ڶ飬ЩӦеҰģתͷ
ͻȻһ£Խ΢΢һҲҰ˵Ļһѣ֪ڼȥһô
ֻõͷӦˡ
ɱ䣬ҲҪɧĸ
ԽٴӦ£ת뿪
뿪ıӰԽ̲ס˲Լǵ亹ȴӵİǿϲĻȵƣȻʾ£ԼҳΪµһˣ
еȴٳûջأʵԼһͲںǲһ֮ţֻҪһܸĻӣҪԼҰģ
ص޵ڵǰ棬Щƣüġ
ƻûл𣿡
̳˵ӣŲ죬Ϣݵٿ죬Ҳûеء
΢΢̾ϢһܼһƻһѪˣ
۽ǳ鶯һЩʶûнӻˡ˼˹ҽҲûа취ˣ
ʱƻĸҲŸոճԹ緹ȴϷ밲ͻȻ߽һдԵı顣
ƻ֪οڵӣЦôˣʲô˵ɡ
Сһ죬֪ǲ˼Ǽģ˵ոūȥ´÷˵·﷿С䣬׵ģһ䡣˵Ƣġ
ܿЦһ⵹ˣ˳飬û۸ɣ
ƻȴʵСߵˣ
ҡҡͷֻ﷿Ѿߣƽ︺ɨȥͲ裬ø﷢Ƣ㶼ˡ
ƻͷֱһûô򵥡̫ҽȥضԺŷƢΪʲôأѵʲôɣ
֪ˣҪڵ˵ƻתͷֶ԰ܿ˵ʱҲˣǻǿЩȥϷ밲ɡ
ܿ˵ͷ˱߳˷䡣
ƸҰɡƻתͷԽ˵
ֻƽĵ˵ͷȴԵЩΪϾƻٰߣҲһֱĳˡ
ƻһۣҲûжԡ˶ҪģһЩֻÿ϶ʱȻҲԼĹ
 

һٰʮ 

Ϸ˵ķУҲڡ
ƻ´һûʲôֻȦЩڣ֪ƢƻҲѷ
ݼϷˡ
ݼĸ
ϷЦ˵ˡ
ˣС㡣ҲԶ
ܿûһֱۣһߵϣЦ˵Ϸ˵ɫǺð̫ҽ֪˵Щʲô
Ϸ˵һ˵Щʲô޷ǼʹҪεˣ˵ʹˣԼʲôԼЩҩһ糣ȥ
ĸ⻰û˵̫ҽҽȻбϣ˵ĻȴҲܾģҪҪáƻЦ˵
ϷԴʵô
ܿƲһ죬ǸϷ˵˵һޣǺúóҩúš
˸˰ɡϷЩǵ˵㻹ǵúúõĵУڻ²֮ܵġ
ֻܿõ˵ͷϷ˵ġ
˵꿴һһߵʵ˵Ҳ̫ҽȥ𣿿ʲô𣿡
ԽӲһ£Ȼ˵л˹ϵֻЩ˷纮˼ҩҲôЧȻ̫ҽˣõҩ
ԭԺҪעˣҪһЩӹҽܿЦ纮ӹҽҲβðɣ
ƻҲһ˵ȦЩڣԭΪ岻ʵԵʰϷ밲ɼһƬТİ
ϵЦӵĲȻһϷˣ˵ⶼūӦġ
ϷҲһۣеİŶ죬ȴûм⣬ʰܿϷ˿ɻã
̵ܿͷϷ˺أҲФϲϡ
Ŷʲôˣ
ܿϷ˸з彲һ¡
ƻȴű飬Ϸ˵̬֪һЩʲôϵĵһЩ飬Ҳйء
굽׷ʲô飬㱻ϷΪʲôסͽׯʵЩ档
Ϸ˰ܿ飬ҲЩЦãϴϱҲһͿˣѵúͿѵúͿҲһиġ
ܿ˵ͷɲҲһǳˣת۰Цææ⡣
ƻڳϷĵļ򣬡ƻʲôأ
ƻЦЦ˵Ҿ벻֪ķ纮ûУԵĺ񻹺صӡ
ǲģȥʱǡϷͷǶ˵ʮֵͶԵɺöˣ
ƻͷȻҲˣҲкӵġ
⻰һ˵ȴɫ˱䣬Ȼ˲÷ǿˡ
ղᵽ˺ӣѵйϵҲԣճôȴֻӣŮҲȷʵ˾ʮֵ֡
ϷЦŵͷǰϣռҵٶһЩ
⻰˵꣬ɫǱ˱䣬Եİܿ˶ߣһۡ
ƺѾѰ˵ϷˣˣūҵʵЩʣûб飬ȸˡ
Ϸ˿һۣͻȥϢɡ
֮󣬰ܿƻҲûдܾã뿪Ϸ˵Ժӡ
Ȼƻоʮֵ֣ҲûпѯϷˣֱϷһҲʮԸ̸飬ԼóȻ𣬻ᴥϷ˵ùͷ
ﰡһװģһʲô飬ǲ֪ģܿҲһˣص֮ƻ˵
ƻҲûͷֻǵ˵ͷתͷ˵ȥһϷ˸Уȴʺһ磬ĲûУһʣҸһҩЧΣǷԵùߡ
ӦūȥһСĻ
ƻ˵ͷˡ
ղŸϷ˵£ΪܹĴϢɡܿһơ
ƻЦЦĸ׼Ȼֺ֪αһ´أ
ĸŮЦһƻͻԼķ䣬ѽеǰ˵˵ﵽ׷ʲô飬͵ׯ𣿡
ҡҡͷΪҲѾߣԶոе֪Ĳࡣ
ƻҲףǶǱ̽ģȻӴڸ顣
Ǵӽ쿪ʼ͸ڸд̽飬һҪСģϷ˷ˣܾƺʲôܡƻ˵
뿪ƻķ䣬Ÿˡ
ûãֱƿˡ
в׵𣿡ƻ˵̧ͷȴǽ壬ʵ𣿡
 

һٰʮ 

߹ĵݵƻǰ˵Ǵ춼Ĺš
ƻֽӹҲû̫ΪϾⲻһĹġ
ǲſ֮󣬲žȵķ֣ȻĹģ̲סһ΢΢̧ͷԽ˵ûʲôˣȳȥɡ
ͷ뿪ˡ
ƻ濴һӰ˵˺ܶ顣
һոջصʱΣȻʴȴܸоеľպȤζ
ǻص춼֮еĵԱ
˵ֻʹһ֮󣬱Ҳˣһӡ
ôʱûдţҲΪڶ࣬𲻱ҪĻɣҲĵǸ
ʣµı㶼һЩĻεôϣܿ
һֱ󣬲˵ԼǶ顣
ʵΪ֪ԼûжֶĳŵƻҲϣܸһλᣬҪҵĽ͡
ƻԼûвŵͬʱѾЦݡ
ֽ֮ŵƽҪҵطţԥ˰ΣǽյˣΪϾҲһǶ軹Լ
֮Ų豭еĻҽҲЩա費ߣ޷ᶨ޷ԼѾһ顣
ڷʱߵĽͻȻ˵˵С㣬ճˡ
ƻ̴Լֱ߳ӿ˳ȥ
СģģϴЦݻ˲ٶƻ߿ٵ˵
ƻ˵ͷ첽߽˰ܿķ䡣
ʲôܿҲɴһ˳ϴʮĲͣʵ
ճȻЦ⣬ʵҲѾҧгˣʱֹûа޽Ĳִȥ˼£ϻһߣˡ
糯еȻ˵һǧɣҲͿʼݴǰ۰׺ȴƣѾҪƽˣ֪ǲѾﵽϵĿˣûУҪڰ׺֮£ʵԽܡ
ʱ䣬׺㲻ֻڳзҲʼֶԸ糯ϣһ飬û϶ð׺ԼֻǴӰܿƻ֡
㻰أ㵽ʲôģܿûлشʵ
ճŻعŰܿ˵ҸղѾʹ̫ҽˣڲرء
˵ָָԼĶҴĲҩҶѾʹҽˣЩ²ҩģҲ鲻ܲӺкô
ܿҪ˵Щʲôûпڣճͽ˵
һһҩŷʮĳӣѾ˰ŽСˣҩʳһܺܿõģ
ճ¾ֱ˵ŪЩڵĶ㵽ʲôҪҸʲôܿЩʵ
˵̬ʵŻ
Ҳ㣬ôĿġճЦ˵
ƻҲȻû£Ǿ뿪ɡ
ճһƻ΢΢Щ䣬ϵЦȴڵһ֣ӻͳһţ˵Ǵ뿪񶼵ʱתţΪ̫æˣˣڸҲӦòɡ
˵ʲô̫æˣʵͲ뽻Լƻԭ򣬾ͲϣԼ᪳ɻ顣
ɲذŽԼȴˣ˵ԼճڻµҲûôˣΪϾڳеǶãһԸġ
ƻֽ˹һ鶼ûУûиҲû죬ûе棬Ȳ𿪣ֱսԼĻС
û˰ɣ뿪𣿡ƻϵĶЩߣ˵ǸʲôҲҴߣҩǲԣ̫ҽķӣҲҪʲôҩŵĳʦĶҲڣ
ճɫҲ䣬˵ЩǸ׼ģΪãЩͶȥЩҶʹ̫ҽĸõĶ
ܿɫĻҪ䣬ҲҪĶ뿪
һβӣճѾʮֵı꣬ϻıֵºͣ˵ûжģôͲأǱϾһ˲𣿡
ܿЦһ⻰˵ЩЦˣʲôʱǵһˣ㲻ʱʱ̿̾ɱ֮㵽ʲôĿľͿ˵ҪôĨǵģֻҸӿ㣡
˺ôճѹסԼеıŭֻЩӲ˵ôͳȥĶǾԲûģҲһǿҵĺ;ģҵģ
 

һٰʮ ҩ

ճ߳ȥܿϣ˿ϵĶ壬Щӳȥ
忴һƻЩԥ
ȥɡƻһͷǸҲȲ
ǣŰѶ˳ȥ
ƻߵܿߣˣΪֵġ
ܿһŭҲûм٣治֪ǵʲôˣΪССݾƽϢǰе𣿣
ƻḧıԺҪˣҪǾ÷ھȥԺǻӾͲճˣ
˵žҪȥܿȴһѰסˣһ²һ£ôҲ㸸ף⴫ȥ಻
ܱô˵ֻҪܸˣûʲôġƻ
ܿȴ֣ˣԺ͸ɴһֻ˵ĲӬˣҪǴϷ˵ĶҪѿࡣ
Ĳˣƻȴôš
֣ܿ΢΢һЦ˵ҲһõԺһôˡû׼֮ԼҲˡ
ԺͲҪͳˣҲʵģٳһҲƻֵ
ܿ˵ͷҲ緹ˣ˵˵ɡ
áƻһߵϣϻżѹƲסЦ⡣
ܿ˿ЦʵɵЦʲôأʲôˣ
ƻԼǡ𣿡
ôûУܿǰ˴գ˵˵ô£
ƻ̲סһЦҪ˵ʲô£ǸղŹˡ
ԭĻӰܿЩŵ˵
ƻԼϵЦ⣬΢΢Щ죬˵ֻǾûʲôУҲͲ¶ˡ
⻰ܿҲûдֻ΢΢Щп⻹һ˵Ļء
ƻһ£һҲȷʵҵ𡣡
˳緹ֻصԷϢȥˡ
˰ʱ֣ƲŻ̾ȥƻķ䣬ѴϢ
ү˵Сҩ֮󣬿ѾõĲˣҪллСȥЩ飬ϲ
ƻ˵ͷʵûб𣿡
˵ү˵Сҩǳ֢ϣСܸҩʡԺٿԵʱá
⻰ƻһЦãҼˣҾдһҩȥ͹ȥʵôŻɳԷˣ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ˣǶǱū澳˷Ů飬֪Ѿˡ
޷Ҳѵ˵˵ϲ㣬ȥͶƻЦ˵
̸˵Ӧˣ˵ûб飬ū澾ˡ
뿪֮ƻӣ˼飬˵ҩҪԼһȷеļƻɡ
ֻȫΣϢϵȨҪһһŸУȴҲøһͷһ
Ϸе飬Ҳ岻֡
ƻ˼֮ͻȻһڶȻùǻȴʮֵĺãοҲתˣǷҲûе
ոŵıԺɶأ֪һʮֺõģٸҼʦ۽ڿ
뵽ƻ̲סһЦôƵģǲǲǵġ
ʱת۹ȥʮ죬ƻ뵽֮󣬵ڶϷ˵ˣϷռѵиôϢĺӣҲȻͬˡ
ȥոԺǸԺһֽǸ˻ݵģˮСԺ
ֿ˺ܾãһλʢԶָ͢ǣٵԼȻ벻ģϷ˳֮λŴӦÿȥһÿΡ
龪˲ٵˣճȻҲˣʮֲϷ˵⣬ǻǱϷ˸ѹ
Ѿȥˣƻһ϶˾
ҲϲһطҲֻ˼ΣΪæŸָ飬ʱ
ûżȥķУ߿˿
˵ˣԼѰ˹˱˻԰мͤ
л㣬Ұᵽôĵĵطһ仰
ƻЦЦҲǸϷ˵һˣϷϧţŻͬġ
˵Ϊ⣬Ц˵ҲλˣȷʵȲʶҲʮֵĲ㲦Ҳ˲ٵĶҲҪлС㡣
ͱллȥˣҩáͰúõĶ飬ĸǱһչ˵ġƻ˵
˵ͷҪ˵һл
Щεҡҡͷƻ˵ҾסϰϰߣҲǲǻʲôǡ
 

һٰʮ 

ҲϵЦ⣬˵Ҫ˵ҵûˣֻǻЩɻĵطϷ˵ôĹϵƴӣڰв㣿
һ¾ʵ˵ϣƻ΢΢һЦ˵ϷĽӰˣֻҪʱһеȨ
۹һأԺռһʲôλã˵Ҫϣڰ£
Ȼƻ˵ȻҪϣڸĶڸҲûʲôôֻҪ֪ҶȻõҪıˣھ;á
ʵС㾿ôҵأ
ţƻЩΪʲôôʣȻһֲŻҲˣ
ȴͻȻЦһŻҵĲŻҲЦ
⻰ƻʲô˼
ޱһ˫ںȫܹ׵ģȻҪһأȴһĸо
֮ԳЦЦδ֮ǰȷʵĵĺ׳־Լһһ£ȴûôǿҵˡ
ҩԼҪģȴֻʣĴױΪԼźһУƵĺ񲻹˼ϵҶʲô˵ģ˵ʸûС
㵽ôˣǲʲôطò⣿ƻϱ˲Ϣ䣬ȫʲôֱʵ
ع̲סԳһЦʲôأС㶼Ѿõİˡ
⻰ƻЩ׹ʵ㲻ϲţ
û죬˵мϣףûȫ飬ȻѾӦΪãǾҪԼһֵɡҲףҪʱӦʵӦˣҲԲǿ㡣
ЦЦЩ΢΢ĿɬǰԼ߿ˣΪʿںϺɡֻļĳɫˡ
С㣬Ҳ˼Ϊ̫ˣҲһЩˡ˵
ƻдӣֻϲûʲôرı飬Ҳûпʲôˣֻ˵˾ͺá
ʵαװԼֻΪڸղѾͨˡҰģǲǽԺҪһλӣԺ㣬ʲôϧġ
лȻʣȻҲ̹һƬ
˼䣬ƻˣʱȷˡ
ֻ飬ȴûʲôͷոȻвٵˣ֪ĸ֮٣οһЩ̫Ѿȥˡ
һֻҲڰдҶ̫ԸǽչʮҲȷһ飬顣
ߵ黹ûнչԶ񶼵ȴչ˳
ʹ鷿֮Уһ±վԽ̫ӣȻҲڳ
𣿡ǿʵġ
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ȷʵԩˣʵ
Խ̵ͷ˵ϣǹܼҲѾ׿ϣ˵ʱȷʵʮֵߣʹռǷûͬռҽ˵顣֤֤ڣӦȷʵǱԩˡ
֤֤ڣѵı֤ݾͲ𣿡ΪʲôҪͻȻǷʳǳޱ
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Ǵ˵ĻŶȻܸߣüͷһ£ô֤ʵģ
ʵӺ֮ǰ;Ѿȥе飬˽нٳǷ֤ʱȷʵǸ˽˷ˣҲгǷͳ֤ʣմ󲿷ֵĳǷǱˡϵյг̣ȷʵȥӪѲˡԽŲæ˵
 

һپʮ Ա

֮ܽչô죬Ȼаæ
糯֮ȥ˴£⿴ڱ㿴һ죬ĶؼǸܼҡ̷еİȥѰܼҵ䣬˺ܶ죬ŽһҵȻ˳¿ʼһֱ춼֮С
Ϊһҵģֻһˣ˶ûлɵӵͷϣôʱ䡣
ھе飬ԭ˹ӣûӵˣȻҲˡ
ȻԴĽʲô̿ʵ
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ȻѾӣҲûʲôתŵĵطˣ̱ǾͷɣڹٸԭְҲСˣڼоһʱ˵
ĽѾܺˣڲǲĲıһϹñӣҲͲ볯Ϊˡ
ˣûüҲѾˡ
ԽҲӦ˵ǳ̾ȥ飬ȸˡ
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ǶҲȸˡ蹪˹˵
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Ļŭ˵ܿ϶ûѵһӣϾһϦ֮ǻˣɼѾ׼˶ꡣ
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һһʱԷֻÿ˵λ븸˼ϾóȻ֮ߡ
û˵ֻΪͷվһԣѾԼе뷨ھ͵Ķˡ
һƬҲ̲ס̾һÿվһֶԱʵ̫ǿҡӸǿΪʲôевŵĲصˣ۰ˣ
ǲȫӣ˵ֻǸӼ̸ҲûԺɡ
һȴʮֵƽֻǵ˵ͷ϶ı鶼ûСʵѾµһ
 

һپʮһ üĿ

Ѿף̶̫ӵ۰ݵ׵ʲôزڳ飬һǻȸ̺·ŻĽ顣
鷿ĹŮ͵ڵ⣬ӭȥĵ£ȥһһ緹
˵ͷҪ뿪һ䣬ԼҵһͿʼȲҪף𣿡
̫ӵǺ⣿תͷ
Цһ⣿ԼԼҵ鱾Ͳûдмֽţڳһ޺ӣʲôղôʣѱ֧ȥ㣬ܣ
ͷβһֱŵЦ⣬̫ӵˣҴ̫ӵ¾ûʲôͼûʲôµģҾȸˡ
˵ת뿪ˡ
һʣ
ǰĹŮתͷһ裬ϴߡ
ֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ˱޹ȥ
Ҫĸǰ顣޵ſڣſ˵
ŮĿһָۣϽͷǣū֪ˡ
ʶˣ˶Ҫˣ
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軹Ǹ񣬲߹ȥǶˡ
ЦЦ˵٣ѾܾûĸԸˣ°ɡ
ԭΪԽ飬һٷҪˣҲûпʡ
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̲סһЦԭίˣȴԼֽš
˼ԼҰԼȥԼ뷨ֶΣǻһЩ
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ƻյϢѾ֮ˡ
ĬĬϢ˭û͸¶֪еļƻҪʼʵʩˡ
ֻţ̲סЩ顣ոÿպЩŮ˹ĶǣҲܿʼԼĸ
ʱתֹȥ죬ԭΪ黹ҪЩʱղ̽ȴͻȻ
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˶˵ز鵽ʵûˣֻȥһǸû뵽һҾҵˣǡ۵Ȼ֪飡
ǿɲ鰡ƻҲЦʵǸأ
˵ǸҲǸСµģ
ƻҲ⣬˵ͷ˵ҹȥҪײУ
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ЩΪѣסĵطӵĺܣСôȥֵطأ
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ƻҪ߲һĶͷκδֻ˵ǱһҸӲͺˣ
Щ׹ĵͷ˱˳ȥվſڡ
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һʼȫסˣ÷ӦѸ٣̴ʲô⿴𣿡
˵øŭǸ۾Ķųģĵط𣿡
 

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Ľܿ˵ߣƻǸӣҲʮֵ
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һԶıã˵Ͷҵģ֪ĸ۵ĶȻԺӣ˵һǸĿ㣬ҵĴǧС㡣
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С˵ƵûţԼȥˡ˵
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ϴβǸ˵ҵҪһ㣬㲻Ըȥոˡһ˵Ҳ˵ĵطǻȥİɡ
Ҳ֪ԣҲûٶ˵ʲôһ˽Ȼ⿴˿˷š
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˵ͷ˻У˵Ҿ˽ܽոʱλңʱѾСˣҲǼĹ˵ҪˡΪ˻סһƫԺúȵ̡
˶٣¶ֵĻ֮̿ɫ˵ҹǵܣȥ˯žжһۣһϷˣǸķ䡣ﻹֹôôأҲû̫⣬˴˯ͻȻһУҵʱһӵˡһǾҾ͸ϽˣǱܣִ߽һУҸˣĵ˹ȥ͸ŷƣͿ
һڿˮ˴Լ˼Ƥĸ첲Ѿ˵ϣȫѪǸﻹĶӡһгסԼ졣ǸϷ˾һ߿ţеĺŲ衣
ƻɫҲ䣬ڼʵҪȥĺҲͰˣϷΪʲô
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һپʮ 

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ѵⲻճĺ
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һƻסˣȻЩϷΪʲôôճү鲻ԣӦȷ£ȻϷҲôʹճжӳ
µҩӦ޷ҩֻϷ˲ɡ
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ʣµĻر˵ˣС㲻֪ǸʵڲһչײǮΪһƦå͸ˣû뵽Ȼɷ򡣡
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ƻ˵ͷطҵúܣҲɷ򲻻ɧ㡣ͷ˵ɣҸո±ߵׯһݲ£ֱӰȥɣܰĺӽӹ
𣿡ﾪϲʵ
ƻЦ˵ȻġȻ֪ЩҲΪʲôرȷʵһæ˵˵ҲǾ֮ͣɲҪ롣
ᣬᣬСԸҲǿңĸмأϽ˵
ƻ˵˵ʲôллˣɷ飬һģȥɧˡ
С㡭ǱϾҲҺӵĸףС顣ЩǣΪƻҪʲôõ顣
ƻЦ˵ˣҲǴĨĺۼҲǰˣûҪô
Ų˼˵ԭСˡ
ʵƻ֪Ϊʲôһʱ뵽ԼᴦǸˣΪӡУռҵ˶ĺİɡ
ҲûзϣĺĺˣͲʲôˡ
뿪ʱƻͶԽ˵㵽ʱȥһϺͷǱ߰ɣǰʱ䲻˵ׯȱĳȥɡ
 

һپʮ 

˵ͷʵСô죿
˵ʵҲ֪ôˡƻ̾һ˵㣬Ϸ˲໥õĹϵϷ˶˶ҲǸмġȴòˡ
˵Ϸ˺ǵĳ˶һģҲǺ²𣿡
˵Ҳһ⣬ճ˾͸³
ƻȴЦһ£ûУճˣϷһԸ˭
С˵΢΢۾
ƻͷҵȻϣϷ۰ҵġ
һС㣬һݣǰͱճϷ˶һǾ͵̵
Уƻ̻ؾԲô˾ǶҲֻܾˣʱոʹжã
һֿۣٵĴۣҿСǲĶϷ˶ְɡ
㣡Ա߽һ
ƻֹס˵
ʲô˵ģ΢ŭСѾԼΪϷ˵ˣѾѧʲô鶼ҪˣǶôѵûᣬֻҪǶռҲҲֿɵõģ
ĻƻҲûֻ֪㱨УôҲ㣬һǾ仰ϣһԺô죿
ҹܲԺھɱճӦҵģӦһǱģڴˣִ˵
һס˵ˣСǸС˼
ɽһۣȴһȥ
ߵʱҲˣΪӦҲ΢˽һЩҴӦʲôʱûƻɫ䣬ԲԺ󣬵ҲܲǣҵĿĴֻռңҪռ顣
ɱӣǽӲıѾļ
ʵ㣬ճ㲻ʲôһϷ˶ڵһʱһⱲӶʱڸ㣬˭Ҳܵҵ·ƻҵļƻȻһˣҲһƻ˵
һأһֱû뵽еĳôҲû뵽һѵҲ
ⷬýһȴǾǿĲϷﻹǾһõĻᣬҲһõʱոճǱӡ
ƻûԼɣǼңҵġҪͱճǰôˣҲҪܵĴۡ
˵꣬תҪ뿪
ȴͻȻǰһסȻͨһ˵ϣС㣬ҴͿǧҪһۣ׼ʲôͲԸͷֻ̫żˣСԭһΰɣ
ƻüͷûֻǾõͬΪıȻѾңֺαǿߣοȷʵһЩֶνߵġ
СǧҪô˵Сû׷ǵΣǣСҲ֮ģתԽ˵㣬Ϊʲô벻أǿСһͲǵ˿ɱ˵ĹߣЩӿǹƽˣкαűأ
һۣɣ㲻ҪˣǶȵãڻ¥أٲǵ˿ҲΪĶݣ
㣬ǵĿľΪ˰ɱ˹߰ѵˣ˵Ҫȥ¥ҪһЩ˵ĺԺС檣ݣʮˣ˶£ɱ˶ˣǶĶҲûˣ㣬һֱû˵ʱľǽˣ˵Ѿ档
˵ġ
صͷʵֻңǽüƶôģ
⻰ЩŵɬҴ𣿡
ƻ΢΢̾һɫѾˣٲȥҪ¶ˣ˵ˣȻȥ˵ɣҪҲˡ
˻һۣĨᣬ뿪ˡ
صУƻϣܿҲҪˡ
㵽ȥˣܿӭôҲ֪ţ
ƻĶסĸ첲ҳȥ˹䣬ûעɫͲˣ
ȥ䣿˭˵һˣôȥ·ʲôȥ˻Ҫװһܿȴŭ
 

һپʮ ŭƽ

ƻЦЦ˵񶼣Ҳ鷳Ŵĵ͵һġҴˣò˵һ
ܿһ˿Կ޹Ľôˣ
˵䡣ƻƲһ졣
ܿȴôúŪģô£
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㻹˵ܿһԴŭ
ƻ￿˿˵˵ңԺһôӰ
㻹֪ǸӣȰ㻹˶˵ˣ㻹еӵƽʱôأҵ㻹Ǹˣִܿһ¡
ⲻڸƵû𣬻԰ˣҲ˵ƽʱأⲻҲżȥƻ˲䣬ͲҪ˵ˣ
ôһܿô˵˵˵Բ𣡡
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ˣȷʵСĴңҡ˵ֿʼ
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ƻ˹죬һߵĽ壬ȥ
屾Щģô˵Ҳȥˡ
˵׷ʲôˣܿƻɫ
ǵһʼˣ˵Ҳûʲô壬ֻĸѡ
ƻ˵ղŲǸ𣿾˵䣬أ͹⿴ˣʵҲĺģƽʱǶ̫ˣһ㶼ҷ˭Ѿߣ
һ˵ôҲˣܿ̾˿ôԼߵѾ㿴ǸӣһҲǺھεģһɣ
ҲҪôûһأ˵ӣҪȵͷԺ˵ãЩѾ߲ﵽͷ
ǰƻҲжǸܿ˵ô࣬Щˡ
˵ģҲǲ˽⼸Ѿߵӣôͷأܿ˻˵
ƻһΪ˽ǣڿҸͲ˽ǣ㿴ƽʱǳĵƶӣܸҳ˵˽ǣǾͲ˽𣿵鲻Ҳ˵ʲô
ôˣ˻˲ɣܿʵ
ƻƲƲ죬û޳Ǹӣ˻˵ðҲ͸˵˵ҿûôĻ𡣡
ˣʲôҲ˵ӣˣԼҲʲôطĲԣԼȷģܿͷ
ƻŰܿ˵ͷȻѵȥˡǾĸãҲԱ¶һЩΪ֪ܶĻȥһЩ顣
ǸԵҪԣڶϣƻ֮󣬸ϴױ̨ǰ
˽û˵ֱӹ˽űߡ
С㣬ū澹ϣū澴ˡ
ƻһۣʾƼԼͷȻ˵㵱ô˵㻹ǵ𣿿ʲô˵Ļһ𣿡
ū֪ˣԺԲС㣬᲻Сˣ˵ϡ
ƻִһۣ֮ǰģ֪𣿿ȴ޷ٸˡ
С㡭ַڵϿ
ƻʵѾˣҲҪҪŹˣ˵ЩǿԼӲǰľǿֵε˶ܻᱳοֿͲֵεģ
ҲԣǴӽ쿪ʼͽΪѾߣڷźˣýع
̧ͷһֵۣͷȥòӦǣ
緹ʱ򣬰ܿ˵ѽΪѾˣ
ҷ飬ͲҪˡƻ࣬ͷҲû̧
ܿӣҲ֪ȥʲôˣֻ˵ɡ
˱ȥϷ밲ȥ飬ҲûסȥʲôˣҲû֪
Ժ󣬾ݼ¯࣬ϷҲܸǰȫһ
ƻôˣôƲֵġϷ˿ʵ
ܿһ߰ͽܵ齲ϷˣѾͷҪƢǰͷţ컹ѽΪѾˣ
 

һپʮ 

ϷȴЦ˵ҿƻĶԣйѾߵĵ˵һѾ߸ǺոûĹأ
ӴϷˣɱһ֧ˣòˡܿ˵
ϷЦЦУҲ˵ˡȻֿƻ˵ҲôˣΪһѾ߶಻ֵġ
ƻҲϷˣĵ˵ͷϷ˵ӣ۰ģⶼǼٵģϷ˵ݼжãǸжأ
ǰϷʵҲûദʱĹϵҪڼ򵥺ܶ࣬ԼԼͽռҰܶ࣬ʵȴûദôʱ䣬ո飬Ҳûв١
ľãһе鶼һˡ
ô㶵ģˣЩˣ˵˵ȥȥĹˣϷʵ
ƻ񶼵Ϥ㽲һЩʱһЩÿľ£һЩĵ̡
ϷҲЦѹôȥ˲ٵط
Ϊڸ̫ˡƻ˵
ϷҲͷȷʵͦƵģѩҴȥɽϿ÷òá
ðƻ̵ͷһڴӡ
תۼ䣬ǰ¹ȥˣ˶Ҳһһ
һ糯ϣڰҪᵽճϡ
Ȼֵ֧ģҲзԡ
ͷһˣ̫ôòŰŵۣһ˲ٵʱʱ˵ͨɡ
̷Ѿ֪뷨Ҳûп˵ʲôֻŴϵ
ֵ֧˵Ĳ࣬Ҫھӵʵǿɱһֲ
ԵҲһڻȶǹ飬Σա
ϵ˽ӽʱɻڼֻۿǵҲ̲סŭˡ
һӣŭģܵģ糯У
֮󣬴ѻȸҲͷҳ
̾Ͱ˭Ͷ裬ʵôһֱڣĹ۵ʲô
ᵽԼ֪ǵԼóʱˡ
Ϊλ˵ĺеڳֲȶҲͬһɢɳڽǴõʱ򡣡˶٣Ҫڼ˵ȴˡ
ʶͬĵܵ˵ӦΪĳֻȶΪЩغģһҳӣҲʦ
̵˵ͷȻ˵Ҳ˸ղŷԵɣһΪҲȶоǹ飬Ӧôأ
ּ˵˵ڲȶΪ˵ȷȻҷѣĸδİֻʱ⣬οѾ˸˰ڶİնԳ͢ӵΣô˵ǲȶأ
˶˵ڹ飬ҲһʱģȻµĸ˰߲ŸոճûжãѾЧȻʳû˵˰Ѿùӯ١ЩǮѾ㹻ȥˣ
˵ܼЩԼģЩ鷿˵ЩôܵԼһ㲻˼ûУƤѾһ̶ˣ
ɻһЩԵ
ϳΪ̫ӵµĻȻֵףѾ붬ˣڶĴʵڲ֮١Ϊȵ꿪֮¡ʱǹѾȶˣҲȻҪԣܶࡣ
˵ǵ͵ΪȻһͬ⿪֮ٳǲǻ֮ƣȵ꿪ʱ򣬻̾ͲٳˣҲǻгɣڴγ˱
Ȼף̫Ӳһףȫ֪ηλˣͶȥĿ⡣
̱㿪˵Ƕ˵һѡΪˣҲ˵һ䣬Ϊⳡ̱ôΪضһսȵԺعӣǻھ͹ȥһֲû˿Ļ֮꿪֮ʱû׼Ѿʦسˡ
ղ̫˵֮һַԵĴ˾û˶ڻϵĻǾ͸Ӳҷˡ
̱ʵڿɻʲôͲ𣿡
̨ȻǾĵģּ˵ȻǶˡ̫ΪһҪúø̫ӡȻֿһ裬ǶıҲȥΪ̫Ӻͽıߡ
ⲻҪʦ˼Цһȴûʲôرı飬ֻӦ
 

һپʮ 

糯֮ȥҪϢȻҲѾ֪ˡ
Ҫ𣿡Щǵʵ
˵ͷ˵ĸģҪҲֻڱ߹أ춼ûйϵ
Ҳ˵ͷ˵˵ҲҪ֪Ǹʲôְ񣿡
ĸࡣǰһ࣬Ȼ˵ûжְֻ̫Ӻͽıߡ
ʲôȻҲӰôƫĳӣŭ
΢΢һЦĸײЩҲãٻûаҴȨҲҪҵΡ
ɾҲʲôְ񶼲һµȥ߹زɣɿǳıߵĲ£Ҫʤ㲻һйͣҪ˺ڹǶҪ
ȻѾ̵ʲôˣŵľ˭ȴȫܣϾĶô㣬Ǹ̫Ӳ֪õȥˣ
赹û뵽ȻһѪ̵ĿҲΪ˽ѹϵ
ûְ񣬳ıߵĲǾʦ𣿹裡뿪Ц˵
ȴЦʲôʦʦģ˵Լ岻ͲҪȥ˰ɡ˵ս˲Ϣ䣬ٳôĸô졣
軹ƻһ㣬οֻȥ˲˽̬ķչһҪȥ
ĸͲҪˡȻΣգҲŶֻʤܣʱ۹ҲһٲҡЦ˵
ûΪ⼸仰ſģ˵һǲôսҲûһӦˣ̫ӹ鷳ô죿
˵ĸһ仰ζսʲôĺңο̫ӾҪֽҪʲôأĸҿģֻҪǶһġ
ᶨΪѵĵ˵ͷ˵˵ҲежӦҵⰲȵĵطܳɳ
ĸôͶˡ΢΢ЦЦ
˰ȵĳһ᷹˵ȻҪˣǲҲöһ£ϾⳡҲ֪ҪãصĲҪĻˣ
ĸô飬ӵĻ²żЩε
ȴ˵㲻ɣѾˣҲøĸĸ֪֪ļҵĹײͺˡ˵㵢˼ҹҲ𰡣İѻ¶Ҳĸһ׮£
΢΢̾һЦ˵ͲҪˡοɷӦԹΪأ
ɼҵɼҵȻҪɼҵˣȴΪʲôҪһֻȥĸʲô˵ģĸֲǷǣ˵ǹļ㲢ƥ䣿ĸȰ㻹ģҪ֪ԺҪɴµˣߵŮ̫ͣҲ޹ģ
Ѿ̸ˣֱվ˵ԱˣҪæͲĸȻ޵ˡ
⺢ӣ˵ʲôȴѾ߳ȥˣֻ΢΢ҡҡͷܾӦʲôԼ
һµĳﱸ֮ıˣ̫춼򾫱ж·ʮӿ⼯ᡣ
Ϣ䶯˳á˭û뵽Ȼô죬ʹѾĳﱸһֻҪ׼ͿԵģԭ¾ѾʮֵͷۣͻȻʵӽͷö
ȻͷۣճȴԼĻˡ
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ճ˿һĪչʱҲˣ˵ϣȻ˿ãԸǰȥӭС
Ը⣿Щ⣬ҳ࣬أ
ճԴǵ˵ֵΣʱ̣ƥ𣬺οԭǳеĴ󳼣ȴ±͸򡣡
ʱվ˵ûдǼٵġ֮ǰ֮϶ֹû뵽ڵһվȴ
ʱַԼǻҲӿͷʮּ˵ãȻǹ֮ΪΪܡҲ˵ҳ˿ãԸȻӦ
лϡճ˵һ£ϸոյǻãҲԽԸԼһǮھúá
⻰ԾһƬȻ˭뵽ȻȻԼǮҴ̡
 

һپʮ 

ճ󳼵ķӦЦһЩ⣬ƽʱһͷĲ
ӵļͣҲҪӵİգİպúõлһл䣬ܵʲôʱ򣬳͢йס
ˣֻ˳Ӧ飬ֻҪȶϲΪģǾһΪӵı֡ճӹ˵
ӵĸжãûп㣡²˳٣ϣһʰ׵̳

鴫ոɾû˾øжˡ
ϷһӣϵıӶһ£ŭͿĶַȴӭͷײȥǰռҵˣȻֹҪǮ浱ռһ˵Ĳɣɷһ
ϷϢŭСӡһСȰ
ϷȴӵŭϢŭûõģʲôϢŭ
ôһ˵Ͻͷ˵ˡ
ƻӣҲֻõȰĸ鶼ѾˣҲ޲Ҳǧܵ£Ҫû㿴Ÿף֪ʲôء
Ϸ֣˵ͷƻ˵ûдҪˣǱͿˣ
ĸͲҪ˵Щˣ׻ҲԼĴ㣬ȸ׻ĸúһġ
ΪҲǱϾ֪Ϸ˺ճĹϵ˵˷޶˵Ĳ¼ɡ
ϷȻƻе˼˵УǾƻġ
ճһЩʾ⣬Żصո
߽ţܼҾӭ˳˵үϷ͹ȥһˡ
ճЦһ֪Ҫ˵ʲôȥҵ׼ĳûչȥʲôһ˵ɡ
үϷѾˣҪǲȥܼЩɵ˵
ճһۣǿҽҵҷɻڴعΣҸʲôǻͰҸղ˵ĸôȥɡ
˵꣬ŴԼԺӶȥˡ
ܼ̾һֻϷԺӶȥ
Ϸ˵Ҫ׼ʱ䶼ûУӵĻðɣƻ˵㻹˵Ҹúģ㿴ʲô̬ȣãҹǰɣҲͲˣҪҪȥˣ
ƻҲû뵽ȻôһʱҲ֪ôȰ˵Ϸˡ
һۣ˵ϷˣûʲôǾˡ
ҲûʲôôϷ˾ͻ˻ˡ
Ҳվ˵Ҳȸˡ
߳ȥǰ˵Ҳ֪ϷôģүҲǺҪǴľӣԺҲٻܲ𣿡
Ҳһ߸͵ǰ˵ʲô˲˵ģѹֲү˵ڶѾˣ˵Щûõĸʲô
˵ͷŷǺߵ΢΢ЩεЦ·ôû
ֻ䵭ĿˣҲûж˵ʲôֱӴ֮˹ȥ
װʲôװҾͲûʲôԹԣһ
⻰ȻֻĹ˹Ȼ֪ϷᷢЩʲô
ڣƻ˵ڳ˿ãضëԼȥ߹һչͼ
ϷЦһͼθոճ죬˵ǳ͢һȺں֮ڡһ˼Ҷ֪ʲôȻһͷײȥοʲôַ˭Ƿ˭ľͲһߣ
Ϸ˾ôսɣƻʵ
Ϸ˿˿ȴûеͷֻ˵ҲӲ²⡣
ʵƻԼҲ֪ôսӮӦöҪ˼ߡҪ˭Ӯأ
ǲõģճôҶǣռңǣǵġϷ˵˵
ƻʵϷ˴ô
Ҫ׳ϷҲתͷǺ⡣
⻰ֹðܿһƻҲû뵽
ϷˣǡǵΣܿʵƻճĺӣճƻҲռˣ
Ϸ΢΢ӣ˵мƽϣ㲻õģճΣƻոĵŮҲոδļ̳ˡ
ô˵ƻЩȣû뵽ϷͷȻͻȻݡ˵Ѿ϶Լˣ
 

һپʮ ӵ˼

ƻԾӣϷ˽ԼĻ˵ĸҲˣεȴ޼㣬ʵ벻˭ܼ̳ո˭ֵܱΣ
ƻһϵı飬΢΢ͷ˵Ů¹Ϸ˵Ρ
ϷЦ˵Լ˵ǰҲͲҪôǫˣʱѾ֪ˣڻֻͣԺظӵ˾ϲҲ˵ʲôҪҵֻˣһٸƻġ
һߵİܿЩȣû뵽ϷѾƻˣƻӹҲûϵɡ
ƻȴЩӣΪģΪ顣ԭΪϷҲҵģȴû뵽ȻԼ
ҿĸô𣿡̧ͷʵ
Ϸȴ˹˾ʱǾˣʵҲΪģֻǷ԰ˡ˵ǱҪʵеģǾǷҲûУֻǲڷѿˡ
ĲԸ˵ƻҲֻõ˵ͷ˵ŮˣҲĸʲôҲĸΪǵĺõģ
ϷЦŵ˵ͷͷķ˵ҲˣȥЪŰɣճǱ߸ùʡ
ǡƻӦһȻͺͰܿ뿪ˡ
ȥ·ϣܿƺЩӦƻ˵ϷǷĻǼٵģ϶ոļ̳𣿡
ƻ黹һЩ㱣һŷӦĻʵﲻ֪ΪʲôϷ˵ģȴһֻٸҲô׵ţҲ֪ˡ
ⲻǺô㻹һ겻ģϷ˶㵹û˵ʲô鶼㣬ҵǿʲôܿ΢Щɻ˵
ƻȻ岻Ϊ飬Ȼû˵ʲôѾ¶˾ٹ۲һʱ俴һ޷ȫȻϷˡ
֮Ϸ˵ļͿϺþãͻȻֱӣһߵ֣˵ȥ֪ͨˣպã
ϷˣȻҪߵһ𣿡֣ȴЩǵ˵
Ϸ̾һ˵ʵ˵ҲҵĴҶԲүҵУûغԼĺӣֲ㺦ռҶӾ˵ţ⣬ôҲ÷ռңҲһ˻ռΨһѪ
ûп޳֣ȴѾͣĵͷСҲһϷ˵Ŀĵģ
Ϸ˵˵ͷƻǸúӡ
ڶһ磬ճԼһźʿ뿪񶼡
һϷȴƻ˳ǽźƺƵĴ뿪
Ϸкźͼֵıݣ۾һֱճһȫʧҰ֮С
Ѿ֣ƻ΢΢üͷ˵ĸǸϽظɡ
˺һᣬϷ˲ŵͷ΢΢һЦãǻظ
ϣƻ͸Ͻȵ¯ŵϣָһ̺ӣ˱ˣʲôÿģҪǲ˿ô졣
Ϸ˿ææȥӣʢЦ⣬֣æˣĸӻûôôܸð
֮ǰ׵ɫѾЩתˣƻŷ˵ĸΪʲôҪ뿪أôĬĬһ䡣
ϷȴЦһҲȷѾ뿪ˡ
ƻȴûожô⣬ǿϷʲôҲ˵
Ϸ˿㶵ӣЦЦôú⣿ҲÿˣҸ㸸˵ĸʵ͸һҾҪȷ뿪Ȼո񶼵ȫЩ鵱ȻҪƻһЭҡ
ƻͷȻĸ
Ϸοͷ˵Ѿ֣ȴеĳˣͿã齫ճг
һʣĸΪʲôô𣿡
ԭƻʲô˵ģϷ˶̹ϣҲûס˳
Ϸ΢΢㶣ͷƻЩԶȬ˿һ㡣Ҫ˵˽˿ڶһƬѪģ£һʵġ
ƻ㶵ص˵ͷʵүˣȴҲ֪巢ʲô顣ϷʹģƻҲ֪ղǷҲû˵ѣһֱûа취ү
ҲЩԭɣҲٸѡ
ǲ⣬ΪʲôϷ˶ôãܿݵһĳ̶ȡ
úӣϷЦ˵ߵɫҪѩˣȥɽ÷ɺã
 

ڶ ܰʱ

ƻȴЩǣǶ֮ʱɽ᲻ʲô飿
ϷЦЦ֮ʲôϵһҲ򲻵ѵͲ𣿡
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ƻ˿԰ܿ˵ҲһȻȥϢɣҿš
ܿ˵ͷҲûʲôãҾȻȥˣȵϷ˼ұţмǵҲҪˡ
֪ƻҲ˵ͷ
ƻ˳ȥ˴ߣϷҴҴš
С㣬㻹ȥϴһ£·ɣҲС·ЩõûüԺ͵ġ֣һ˵
ƻ˿ϵѪۣҲ˵ͷ֣ˡ
Сˡ
Լϵ·ϴһ£ɾ·ˬĴ˳
ϵϷûѹƻ΢΢һüͷֵ֣ʵղҲ˵Ϸʲôʱ𣿡
֣ҡҡͷҪھߴһϸҲϷ˵ŮΪʲôҲܽȥ
һˣԴճ誵̬ȱ仯֮󣬾Ͱֶóһʱ䣬ճ課ûжãҪʼ
С㣬ūȥֵ֣˵ͷȻ˳ȥ
֪˵ʲô̸ĸǱ̧Žģûʲô飬СѵͲܽȥһҿЩѾȫƻĸŮ߹Ͳҷ
Ѿܾû˵ûӵĻˣϸƻһ׹һ֪ĸǹʹˣ
ƻһüͷ˳ȥʲô
ĸȻˣΪʲôҽȥ̽˵ڸʲô
һָŭ
ƻۿȥΪ̫֣㳳ĸϢôҲһҹ㣬ĸǰУһ𣿣
ƾʲô˵ңʲô
֪̻Ǻһ˵
ĵս㣬Ҫ˵˵㣬Ƕֽѵ㣬Ҳû˵˵һ֣ƻҲЩ˵
ָǿڸ׳ˣڼ޷Ҫ۸ңҸ㣬׻ˣһҪѵ㣡
ƻЦһôȷվǱ𣿱ˣ֮ǰͷĸԺܣ˺öණȥأ
 

ڶ ˷

ָ㣬ٸҫ𣿸ֻһʱϣһ۰ҵģ
ôôˡƻЦһǽϷ˵ķ㲻ܽҲϷ˵˼κˣ
˵㶼ܽΪʲôҲܽʵĸ׵ʲô
ôʣƻȷһ̽Ϣģ⻰ʲô˼ĸż˷纮ʲô׵ʲôΪʲôһҪĸڵʲô
㣬˵ʲôܵʲôȻǵĸЩ˵
ƻһֱɨԺӵģҲƭң֪̽Ϣģ˭ˣϷ˵鲻ܴ̽ģøҰһ㣬ȻһϷˣȻԲ˶ߣ
̸ӵĻţ㣬˵ʲôأʲô̽ϢҸ
ĶνֻҪöУƻٸϻֱת˷䣬Ȼ֣˵֣˰ܳȥ
ǣֵ֣ͷӦһ
ƻصݾͿϷѾѹˣ
ĸˣоôƻϽ˹ȥʵ
Ϸ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵û£˯˺ܾڳʲô
£û˽ĸͰϢùˡƻָҴҴ˵
Ϸ˵˵ͷҷģҾͲˡ²˰ʱСˣͲϡ
ƻЦ˵СҲ÷ϣĸأ϶ò˶þȬˡ
˵ϷЦ˿ߵɫ춼ˣԷ𣿡
ĸǶˣƻϽ˵ھȥ׼ʳ
ϷҡҡͷҶˣóԷˡ
ƻ΢΢һЦã׼ĸҲһ˯ɡ
ãϷЦĵ֡
ϷҲûеȵ˯ȥƻֻԼݲݳЩȷûʲô֮󣬲Żصӡ
ϵ磬һĺƻûп˵ܿһ¯ʵϷˣ
ƻ¯ڻ΢΢̾һ˵˵仰˯ȥˣҲûгԵ㶫
Է𣿡ܿʵ
ƻͷģҳˡ
ܿͷ˵˵ȥϷ˷ֹˣ
ĸҲ֪ˣƻЦһ֪Ǳ˭ǹʹˣӣ˴ϷҪȥˣǾȨ
ܿҲĹ˹ҲðҲòϷ˵ҲֺãҹҲ˸˵ʲô̽ġ˵ʵ˵˭ٱ󵷹
ʣµĲֻˣҪĻҲǽˡƻзԭΪܰˣû뵽˷ˣ
ɰܿȴЩɻ󣬡Ϸ˵ôϷҲһĵġ
ЩƻҲ֪ôܿ˵ֻ˵Ϸ˲Ѿվ𣿡
Ҳǡܿ˵ͷҲôȥ⸮Ҫˡ
ƻЦЦ˵һᴦõģ㲻õġ
УʱҲˣҲȥ˯ɡܿͷ˵
ƻ뿪֮ҲûֱӻطǴ˽г˰еİոİ
߹İȣ̱ǵѪζùζƻЩʵһü˵ôطﻹǵһΡ
ܿǾͿη˶ѾûѪͷ֪ǻ
ûУƻһۣʵ
˵ӲôãǲڣȻ书ôҲǾרҵѵġ
ƻֻǵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôֿһ۵ŵˣǳȥ棬ͶǺܴӡ
ƻűӣ߽´һͻȻӣӦǵһγִɣ
һƻʵѶԸģմѵڶǽ̸ǵģܷʲô鶼ܿڣ˵˵һǺ޲ðҳֶֻڵʱ򣬲Ǹ
ƻҲڿǣֻǼ˵ʵһǿڵİ취侭ộĿڣǻ˵ˣҪһˣһҲ˵
Ȼ޶ԣ˵Ҳһֱѧɱˣûߵʲôӵһлȥľʺͷ
 

ڶ 

˵ûжķӦһߵİȴüͷ߾ƻʵЩ£־ѵɱ֣ͲΪ仰͸ı뷨ģֻٿ֮²лᡣ
ƻôĲͷȴ˵ԼɣҵҲ޵ģֻһϵʱ䣬һǻڣҾֻðǽǣǿˣ
תͷ԰˵Ƿصһߣ롣
Сӡ
ƻֻһ֣Ļ˵˵
ǣǵ˵ͷ˰˷صһߵ
֮ƻ˳ȥ·ϣһֱûп˵Ľ˵СΪʲôҪҹ
ƻһۣ΢΢Щɻ󣬡ʲôΪʲôҵѾߣΪʲôܴ
С㲻Ѿū𣿻иղţǲǹ˵ūġͷ˵
⻰ƻ׹˼ǲôˣҲûбҪñòֻΪؽѾһˣϢϢûб˼
ͷ͵øͣū澴ˡ
ƻһжʧȴҲûٶ˵ʲô
̧ͷһִۣ˵ū˵ԼˣֻΪղŵ飬ҲΪ֮ǰ飬ҲӦӶűֻԼûΪûΪС⼸ѾúõķʡˣҲСܹٴңֻС㲻Ҫҡ
ѾȥˣᣬôҲỹߡƻ˵Ժ󲻱ô࣬˼Ҳôء
Щŵ˵СǧҪҸղŵ˼ֻ˵ʵղСĻҲидΪҲֱǰѡҳϡֿˣԲŻôɵ¡
ҪͨҲǺ¡ƻЩ䵭ô䣬ǿЩȥɡ
ϴᣬ΢΢˵ͷƻ߻صӡ
ص˷֮ƻ̾һ֪ԼʲôʱѶϵĵëԽǡ
Լһʼպദʼεģ֮ǰôһǰѾжԶԶˣȴǰɽߣҲΪôܣʵﻹԸİɡ
̾һǾȰȷŵһߣȵԼԸɽʱ˵
ڶһ磬ִŽ˰С
ɱֶѾˣ̧߽ͷһۡ
ƻԸԼϵĽ֪ҲĲˣżЦʵôǶ𣿡
һģɱվ˵Ĺǵ𣿡
ƻЦЦ˵ҪṩļֵˡɨˣЦһģǱϾǴɱҵɱ֣ҪǰǶʵǲˣǾ˭˵ûֵ˭ͻţһֻˡ
һɱһҲվ˵˵ʵһϵɱ֣Ǵ߰˸ˣʱͷֻҪЩ߾С
ңҲǽɱ֣˸еİ˵ʱҲֻ˵ҪҸЩ߾Ϳˣûнܶ飬ûнʲôԣҲˡһǸɱ˵
˵Ļƻȴ΢΢üͷǵ˵ոİûץסһؼĻΪ˰ԼҲɷѿˣôӰ˵ˡ
˭ʵ
񶼵ĸةǸɱ˵
ƻͷҲֻܴ˵ˡ
һɱһЩţֽһЩ飬ǶôҪ
һһأ˶ǵһ½ˣ޹صҲ߰˰ˡ
С㣬߰ɣİƽʱҲֻðˣûиɹʲô£Ҫ֪ɱ㣬һġɱ˵
һҲȻʾСµûȷʵǵһִ֮ǰûɱˣϷ˻ǸС㽻ֵˣңСŹҰɣԺһаҲ캦ˡ
ô˵û캦飿ƻͨȴƶɱЦ˵
˵ûаûУǴǰԺ󶼲캦ˡ
ɱ־վʱҲ֪ƶɱ侮ʯ
ƻӣЦЦ˵Ƕ˵ˣ˵ĶҼֵҿҲûʲôˡ
 

ڶ 

һ⻰ɱֶС
ƻˣαϣ˻ȣ˵˵˵ɣǶʲôá
˶ЩƻĵЦ˻ƴ˵Լʲô顣
ƻʵûסЦ˳˵ˣˣ˵ˣͿӣҲʲôɱ֣Ȼ˵ԼôãԺ͸ߺˡ
˹˺þòŷӦǶ˼
ǲǲװϾ˶ǴɱϷˣߣ᲻Ϸ˲ˡվ󣬸С˵
ƻҡҡͷ޷һϷ˵ģ
ƻȻҲ˵ͷһû˵ʲô
ƻתͷ԰˵һϴϴ͵Ժˡ
ȻΥ˼˵ͷ
ƻȥϷϷѾȫˣҪһЩ
ʲôˣϷʵ
ƻ˵ɱָͲһˣ˻һһǽɱ֣һǰûʲڣоǹؼһЩˡҲǣһ񶼵ĸةҲûʲô
Ϸ˵˵ͷǵȫ׼Щ˹ȻһЩ̽·ģ¶ͷҲˡ
ǻһ𣿵ȥúòһܲʲôƻĵ
Ϸ΢΢ͷ͹ָɣ˵ܰĻ˸Ƴ
Ů֪ˡƻ˵һ飬ɱֿͲ󣬲ʲô޶֮ҲʵɺϡﻹȱС˹ұˡĸǾòˣŮҲԲǡ
ϷȴֻЦЦԺͷȷʵ࣬žŰѣҲܰѿغˡ
ĸҹȻˣƻߣ˲
̧ͷϷЦ˵쿪õģҲܹˣͷܾһʯͷ
ƻЦ˵Ҳһһ飬û׼죬ĸܻˡ
ϷϵЦˣѾ˽밲ˣҲûзŽҪˣҪˡ
Ȼ£ҲϷ֣Ϣ
ƻվ˵ĸȺúţҺĸףҲõġ
ϷЩĵ˵ͷƻҲûж˵ֱ뿪Ϸ˵Ժӡ
յоһ˾ؿҲһ·ˣԽϣ¾ͽˣȻಢǺܴ󣬵ȴѾû˴춼ʱôѰ
һֱͷȴͻȻˣҲֻΪʱҲҲȻ
ͲΪ̴ӣһӱӵ
翴һۣԾ뿪˳ߡ
赹ʣϸëձӣһ鿴Ľζ
ȴζˣǿӣһ·ôԼȴҪܶߵŭȻԽԽ
̲סĵܿǻܣ֪ˣ֪Ϊɽˮأ
̧ͷһۣЦ˵̫ӵ֪ӹǿûеµǿ׳ȻҪŴһʵ㣬оٶȣ̫ӵ²Ҫ֡
⻰ûʲô⣬;òԾ˵ǿ׳ԼѾˣٳЦԼǿ׳ȴǸ˷纮
ĵһݵģʲôߵĽʿǶٺи·ֻĵһ˴ůУʣǲ̫˵ȥˣ
һ޹ҲһССľʦǽҲʿʵûʲôôôȫһأ黹Ҫ̫ӵģϾ̫ӵ¿Ϸ˧ӦҪ߸õġֻǻҪϧԼ壬Ȼǵòʧˣ
ⷬðɣˣǻӣȻҲӦбãôĽݣѵоûºͰ𣿡
赹ЩֵĿºͰյģӦǸʻе£ҲһССĻӣʲôأογҲһʦһͷζûУ˱ʣҲֻǸ̫ӵͷѣ˲飬ôأ
ֱףֱ׳ӣըˣֱŭǸʶΪһӾȻһ׷ûУѸƽ۰㣡
 

ڶ 

迴һۣЦЦȻ̫ӵôȷʵǳˡ
֪У˵ӿһЩ룬ھͳȥаɡ
ȴҡҡͷͲ˰ɣҸղҲ˵ˣɲ㡣Ҫˣȫ±ΪǻǣһЩǿиɵˣ
˵˭ǿиɣΪоҵĿ
˵Լأôʲôһߵ̴˵쵽ˮ
һԼӣʵŭϼŭҪڣȴһҵĿԡ
ôУ֪͸ôųҽߵķѩô̫ӵܿˣ
˵ƫҪ˵ĻûԼĲ磬ӹ̫ǲǣ
һ磬ڲͣԵжȹģ粡ͻȻأŴ˳ϡ
ڵطԣΪ±Ⱦˣ
ڶ죬ƻһ𴲣յţ˾֮ԼŵҲˡ
ţƻյʱ䣬Ӧþӿפˡ
ȴûн飬ҲûἰʲôƻֻһЩճ顣
ԽԽ߶ˣһҳţȫǷϻҲһֱ¡
Сˣ߽󻹸Ž
ƻͷһĽ
Ҳһ۽˵ҸͷС㲻Ҫ𣿻ǸϸһЩ
أƻȴʵ
һɫһףͷ͵ø͡
ƽȥС˹ѵȥˣϾǿһԺģҲҪءҲͷ˵ЩԼŴ
ƻеĵ˵ͷ棬һ°廨ëƤһɫʯȹ
µ䣬ֱһëĴ멡
ƻһۣҲ̫ˣһˡ
СոĵС㣬ҲӦġЦ˵
ƻ΢΢üҲû˵ʲôγȥȷʵ̫͵ˡ
ױ̨ǰͷͷں˳ʮֵķĴױһ˫ƽ٣бϷ٣ٵ׺黨գԵֲʧׯأҲʮֵĵ塣
ƻ˿ӵеԼҲĵ˵ͷһ۽˵ⷿһѾҲЩ㲻Ȼٻɡ
ʱסˣ漴˵лС㡣
һߵĽҲʮģ߹ȥס֡
͸ҰɣغûҸ磬׵һ㡣ƻ˵
Ҳָƽʱأ˵ͷǣ
ƻãȥ˰ܿУһܿҲʮֵ⣬ϸϸһԺҲٰɡ
ϲͺáƻЦ˵
ܿҲЦģôӣ
ƻȴһ˿⣬Ҫ飬ܵóŲС˵ѩ˾Ǹةá
ةãܿЩȡ
ƻͷһ˵õȮ죬ǻΨһֵҲ˾ة񲻾ͳ˾
ܿóļڽ˵Ǹֵ˵ģӲƢȴʮֵıŰǲô֪ķǸʲôˡȻ񶼹壬زһ򵥵ԸﵹЩˡ
ƻЦ˵ֻС㹫ǣȻǲȥģҲõģ˵ǰȻǰ˵޼ɵǾǸôˣܲһΪһ˰ɡ
Ȼ㣬ֻԳţЩġܿͷɢЩһȥģ
ƻͷ֪
ŰܿЩҲûȥϷֱӳ˸
ߵſڣͿѾڵˣһȹ˿FӣҲм£ƽĴȥԶԴϴμ֮͸ƵģûٴһЩ̵ѡ
ҲãϾ˿ҲЩ
㡣̵߳ȻмֲͣҲǹĽһ
ƻȴֻЦ⸱Ҫ˵û˵㲦ǴƻҲš
öˣǿȥȥɣվҲ䡣ƻһۣװͲ
˵ɡ
ƻҲɽֱ
һ˺ҪⳡỹҪշŲôǿŸ߸ϵģ
һ·˳ǽǾѩıԷ
ƻ˳ϵĸߣ³֮󣬱ֱӽ˱Է
 

ڶһʮ ̽

ԷҲڶ÷ã޼õĸֲ͸츻еļɽһֶѩţĳȷʵʮֵ
ⳡѩѾˣѾûѩʱӯѩͽĺۼжƻĲˡ
ˣҲûмΪ;ģѾȺһæϵˡ
̵һֱߣû̸
һۣƻȻ֪ڴʲôע⣬Ҳ⣬һСС֮󣬱˹ȥ
ӴⲻմС𣿡߹Щŵ˵
ƻ߹ȥߡôСǲӭң
ĸҰЦ˵ҲֻоӴöմС㣬Щ˸Ͳʸ񣡡
طЦС㣬㲻ùû֮ǰֱ߶㰡ÿһûˣ
˭߶ˣ̴ʶʱ䳤Ǻʶʱ䳤ô
ƻЦ˵֪СΪʲôǻСܹңĸոսոҲֻܰһˣʵûʱȥϸ硣˶˵˵С㶩ˣҲҪϲˣ
ЦһͻֻңУǶʲôùϲģ㲻ҲľͶˡ
ƻ˵ǣСˣСˡԺСһȥ
ǰ㿴С㶼ĵĵǸˣҲˣطһҲЦ˵
Ҿ˵ǰģһ
ȵ˵Żһһ仰Ҳ岻ϣ֪жŤοԭСҲǸͬõģôƻһȫˣ
Ͻ㣬ؽ㣬ɺðǳ˵Ŀյٵ˵
ƻбۿһۣҲûж˵ʲô
նС㰡طһտӣЦЦ˵Ǻþòˡ
ɴûԼǵûʹһҹҪƻе顣бֶεˣŲм̸
ȻֻСӦһҲʮֵļˣ̺˵
ƻȴûԼеĿģֱӸС˵ˣҿ˲˰û׸ǸСá
ô㲻֪⾰游Ըξû׸˲μӡЩЦ˵
ƻЩɻ󣬡һ治֪⾰游ʲôԹ
ΪʲôȻǵ׸û֧£ڻȻ˰׼ңǻв˻ð׼ҵġ˵
ƻͷû뵽СȻ֪ô࣬ܽˡ
˰㣬ֻŴ°ˣоǻ񶼵ʱЩЩʻ΢΢ЦЦ˵
ЩʵƻҲ˽һЩȴûжļֵ
ʵǾ˽һûм֪һʲôˣ
Ҳ¶棬Ҳͼأһº͵ˣǹЦݡ˵
ƻʵ֪μң
δڣһߵطͻȻ˵֪ةã츮ةһС㣬һǽоùš
ԭƻͷõĸҲǳð
Сͷȷʵةõ۰̶ȣҶĿõģ˵ǳҲ˿š
˵лǲǲðһСĵ˵
ԭԸҲЩˣЦʱ˵˵лˣҲ֪˭ǰϲñ˵лȡǣôֱôˣ
̵ɫһߣǿЦţϽ㣬⻰ôЩءֻ±ȥ˲ڣֻǳѰˡ
ʲôʱôˣᵣˣҲûʲôˣ˭ȥ˵Ц˵
̵Ǻ죬޴ӷĻֻܿƻ˵㣬Сһ£ҸͲ˼
ƻüͷЩô϶˵˵ոջĺ£ʣһʾةĹϵˡ
ʵҲΪʲôСҪ˵㣬Щ飬ҲѹС˵㡣䵭˵
Ŀɲһ˵㣬ҿðǲڼжٵìܣôܻ໥һЩЩ֮Ĺϵ
˵˭أ˭֮ĹϵˣԼҵ֮ǰô˵ƻƻʲôǶǵأװˣ㲻ģҿŶöģΪƻƽ
 

ڶһʮһ 

ƻЩӣĵȴмֵůĸ֮⣬û˻Ϊ飬ࡣ
СԼҲ˵֮ǰˣѾˡڸ׳ոҲǹһˣҳ̴˺ͽ㣬˭أ
ΪһԼ۸ӣʼĨ
⸱ӣǸѧ߰˷֣ʵ˲
ƻ⸱Ť̬ӣǸС㣬һѧʲôãѧֽ̬ӣڵʱЩأ
ⷬһסˣϵᶼ˲ֻǴĿƻʲô˼
ʲô˼ƻ䣬ʲô˼ԼᣬҰһ㡣ȻܰôȴҲĳϣ
̿һۣ΢΢Щסˣͷٷһԡ
ƻ⸱ӣطЩȣҲѹǰЦģŷҲƴڻûзôĻ
˼λС״ǲҪƻ˵
طֻҡҡͷϷ˰֣˵û뵽ƻƢͦһ£ΪոռʲôأڿǱռһˡ
˶˵ˣƻЦſ˿ܣ߶ô󣬱˶Ҫˡ
ֿʼ˵Ц޷ܣ;Լ뿪ˡ
ƻһۣΣûղȻ˵ѵǵ׸һЩӣûаﹴһ˵
ҲףҲһ˼ֻΪ鸶۰ɡ
˵һỰ˵ˣȻվӭӡ
ϯһߵͤУ˱ž
ͤѾܵ̿䲻˵ů紺ǱϾߵĺѾ˺ܶࡣ
λϣСǷߡ
ƻſòҲֻʮͷõŨüۣϹЦݣмˬʣҲ˵ģʮֵºͣһֱӯӯЦ⡣
⸱ģЩȥԶΪĸ˵ƢŰߵˣⶼᱻȾϻ棬ȴûٽƵϿֻǾüĿЩƣ
ܱԼľҪôΪûûֹۣҪôǸû뾰ʮܵദһʱ䣬չһʱ䡣ΪһˣҲֻةˡ
ɼʹһ㣬Ҳ޴ӵ֪ة˭ˡֱȥةĻݾߣ뵽õİ취ǴӾ֣ȻϿʲô
ةȻھסԼõıҲһһ˫Ȩ˫֡
ȥһڳһЩʲô顣
챾λС㹫Ϊ÷ѩأҪ֣˵ĶһЩˣǾ;Ȳ裬ҲϺõƣԱɡ˵ԼȺһơ
Щ֣ǲƽʵģҲûж˭˵仰ֻͼһֲô˹һ㡣
ǼʹҲֵ˴ҵĺ飬ΪϾŮһμĻᲢ࣬ûдߵʱ͸ˡ
һЦ˵⾰ͦ˼ģȻҲܹǣ⡣
㰡ǸƻȾƣϻʲôˣ
طƻһߣֱӴϰѾƱˣȻһ˵ƻ㻹ǺȲɣ
㿴㣬ƣˣĿһۣиƻһƱŵף˵㲻ùǵһֻСѵþһ𣬵ȻҪƵģ˵ʲôúȵģĲ裬úȵĶࡣ
طЩΣ࣡
˵ĻƻЦ˵ûдѵþһƲʺϾñط겻ǡСҲǺɣ
طЩεûа취ǱٺȼɡƻҪٺȣͿɱҪСˡ
ѽҿҲǿС߱ȴ˶սթͲõˣЦ˵
طЩε⻹ûȾأô˵ˣʲôսթ
ƻЦʵû˵Ҿǻһ귵ϻ߲ͯսթأ
⣬Ȱ㻹ˣطӵΡ
ȴЩͷˣˣ˵ˣǺȾưɣ˵ȥᶼҪˣ˵űƻһƻƺиطһ
 

ڶһ ֮

ῪʼûжãͽһЩʦԾϵա
Ȼӵķɣ˭ףⳡĿʲôѵ澰˵ģֻΪ
ƻžƱɨڳˡѾЩѰȴɸóԳԸúȺȡ
ֿһľһֻߵ˵Цһʮָ˵ģҲЩӦþһ֮ĵᣬκεĿԡ
ţͻȻ˵ֻʦȻн˲ٵĸ輧Ҳ˿ɺã
ȻֳƺãҲ˵ȥ輧
ûöã輧Ǳ룬ڴںƣŻ趯
輧̬ӯ貽죬һӰѴеպеĸá
ƻһЩ輧赸ֿ˿ԵľһĻǲܰ
ûᷢһЩģǵȴʲôûзʵЩ֡
ڿһжʮֵͷЩ
תͷһۣ㷢ʲôأ
ƻ΢΢񣬿ЦûУֻǻûвμӹɵᡣ
㰡Ǽʶ̫ˣ⻹ǾأҪԼ⻹ɡ˵
ƻһȷʵûвμӹܶᣬҺܶ᲻Ǻ磬ڵĺ磬Ҫ˵ôֻɵĺȾ죬ȷʵй
һЦ˵ûȷʵ̫Сˡ
΢΢ЩɫЩΣҲһ˵Ҳϰ֮ǰôЦ𣿡
ƻףֻȷʵص㣬ЩдָһƣЦ˵ЩˣǻǺȾưɣ
ûаֵǿҲɣҲӵϲȦѼԻˡ
һֱҲûзʲô飬ƻеľҲ˴룬Щ̫ˡ
ԷſطУƻ
ΪѾԼһˣҰжҶˡ
ҲûʲôνûôˣҲ·徲
ܵѾߵòˣ·ȴѾ徲ˣɫѾƻһЩƣҡεϣľȻЩ
ӣ˵С㣬˯һɣոҽ㡣
ƻ££ϵĴ멣΢΢˵ͷ۾
ո˯ߵʱͻȻһ
ƻʱ۾̳⿴ȥ
Сӣ£ǰﴦ̵Ϯˣվİٵ˵
ƻһȥȣȥݳٸϹȥ
Ǵˣü鲻ô򵥵Ľȷһɱ϶ǳԼģΪһִҶһЩɱΪˣ
жᣬռҵˣáοⳡɱǳģ
ƻϵʱ򣬰Ѿɱսһţ۱ܿóЩɱָɱϷ˵ЩͲһΣҲ˿սС
ǻм䣬ûгʲô©ƻ̴зɴܶ䵽̵ϣһƿӡ
ߵ̼һƻһЩЩ߶µ˵㣬㡭
㣬ʵˣʲôҪƻٵ˵꣬һѷӡ
˫һֱһշֱӷȺУеİֱɨƽɱǵϣ̳ٽһˡ
ɱϳƻǲҪ壬ȻҪɱ
ƻЩɱֵ֣Ѫӹӹذףֱӳȥ
ٵȺдţι˸޷׽ܹʱҲǱһذ׽ʱ
Űܿƾ֣֮ͣΪ㣬ϽѪ˶ġ
ھͺմѪ·ûб·ֻˡ
սܿͽˣԸǾ;ڣ˸ѹǰʲô˾ͻȻһѪˡ
Ӧ˶ס죬ֹҧġ̶ƻ˵
ƻ΢΢ڰ֣ǼȻĴ־ǶסҲûá˵ɨ˰ɡ
˵ͷǡ
û˶̲Եƿӣ˿һصʬ壬̷θ
ƻһۣȥãǻո
̿ĵ˵ͷҪ뿪̳ʵΪʲôҪң
㣬㱻ɱ𣿡ƻһֱۣ׵˵Щǰңŵ㱧Ǹ˵ֱԼûٻͷ
 

ڶһʮ 

صո֮ƻûоܿȥϴһһ·ȥ˰ܿ
ܿЩȵ˵ˣ
ƻͷǾ˵·ɱˣһѪĸףͻһ·
ʲô̰ܿԼߣǰĴˣ
û£ƻס֣ЩɱһʼϳˣǺϹȥģûʲôˡ
ܿȷʵû£ųһû¾ͺá
ƻЦ˵Ҳġ
ιԡܿͷдżʵ֪˭𣿡
ƻЦһȻ;Ѳ˸ϵһʲô鶼ûзԭҪҵĽģһңҲҴ˾Ȼⲻһ硣
͵ǣǼȻѾҪˣзҲûжôҲܿмְգȰ
ƻͷ˵˯ȥϷһˣǱһҲҪʻ
ãȥɣܿͷʱҲýˣŵһ㡣
ƻЦ˵֪ˡ
Ϸ˵ķ䣬Ϸ˹ȻѾڵˡ
ϷҲߣȷû˲˵˱飬˵Ļʹ᲻Ǿ
ոûʲôǣԲĻˡĸӦһ룬⾰վŵ˭ƻ˵
Ϸüͷһ壬˵
ƻͷ˵ԣռѾͷһĸ󻼣ճٸУֵĺʱ򣡡
ϲҲǼٵģôֻȥɱأϷЩɻ˵
һʵҲƻЩɻģȻԹʦԤŲɣռҲᶯɱԼŶԡ
Ѳ⣬Ѿıעˡֻҵһɡ
Ϸ˵ͷ˵ô˵Ҳе񶼵ҪǶֵģҲֻһˣ
ҲŮĲ²ˣҪ²Сƻ˵
Ϸʵҵʲô
ƻҡҡͷеʲôûв鵽̫ˣӾʼ顣ȴѾҲʱˣֱҽ
ȻѾ޿֣Ҳ˼ɣͰǲ׳죡Ϸ˵
ŮҲôġƻЦ˵
Ϸ֣һҪСģһûеǲưոݡ
ĸõģڵϣǶһЩˣǱ¶Խ࣬Խܸƻĵ˵ʱҲˣĸЩϢɣҲȥˡ
Ϸ˵ͷȥ·СЩ
ĸף˶ԼĹϵһޣһȻͲΡ
ƻ΢ůҲǶ԰ܿ˵֪ˡ
ص֮󣬻ǰոķ²һ飬ȷûʲô©֮󣬲˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ճ𴲣δüţˡ
ȷŵһԣʵʲô£
˵ȥֵ֮²˷Ӧ˵ɱߺ춼ˣ
⻰ô˵ƻ΢΢һ
˵С֪Ǹеİ춼ɱֵֽĴ٣Ϊ춼ҲռΪжд̣ҲйδɱԸһЩԴһЩǽ֣ǵ·Ҳʮֵ˽⡣
ƻĿ֪жأһ䣬ȷ𣿡
ȷͷᶨ
ƻЩص˵ãһ·춼飡һһ˵ĸͲظˡ
ͷǣˡ
ƻӻ뿪Ųֱߵţ滹һЩ飬ûйڴµֻƬԽԽǳأĸ춼йأѵûһ
ô׵ţ񶼵鶼ָƣ춼ôƤӵôĶ
ƻһ
ûý˽˵С㣬ʲôˣ
鱨ͳȥûУƻʵ
˵ûС
һﲻ̵飬Ժи飬ҹĿСƻ˵
Ȼ⣬ǵ˵ͷ˳ȥ
ƻɲƽֱߵţ˲¼ˣҲúõһˣʵʧĺ
ǵһ죬ִڵѹ֮£Ϊϵ̵鲻ˣȥϾҲһܹܵģ
ߵСӣƻЩ꣬ܵðˣɴ໹Լ
 

ڶһʮ Ļ

ӿʮӪ
赱Ȼ񶼵ķ黹һ֪
Ϊ񲡵ֻнһ˴ЩæֻôЭҲʮֵķæ
ǼʹæҲƻдţҲĶعһ԰ʹûҲϸĥݹ鱨ΪҲǱʲô¶
ΪǾı߾ϢֻҪһҹ㹻ˣͿƻɾ鱨
ľЩ𣿡迴˿ﱡһֽûƻĻţ鱨Ҳֻôһ仰
Ϊÿնῴûгֹġ
ոǱߵ鱨𣿡ʵ
̰һݵݸո߼Ĺġ
ù۱㿴ˣɫһ䣬ҹˣ鱨ȴûֻƬΪΣ
С㵣ġο
ҡҡͷ֮ɫ㲻֪ƻһǹ˽˽ˣΪһᵣľôҪ飬һǳʲôˣ
ٵ˸ţһƬ֮ɫѵǻҡ
ҡͷôܣӶСôãǻ˭Ҳỳġ
軹ھлزôңһǳʲôӣ͵վУҪȥ񶼣
ӣϽ˵ǾУǾʦô˵뿪뿪أ˵ʹСûи㣬ҲǺܶˣҲΪ֪ո̽ӣûбҪ˵ô
ȴҡҡͷᣬģϳ©˵һǲҡңѾˣ
ȱ嶯дʡָϽ˵
軹ҡҡͷǻЩʧ˵ûõģȵˡ
Ȼ˵ڶ죬ֵ鱨ֻֻƬ̽ӱȱ˹ؼ顣
ֽݵǰ˵˰ɣҲˣ
Բ鱨ҲɻˣСôˣǿʲôûô˻ɵͷˡѵͲ֪ӻжżӶôã
죡Ƴһۣһʲôˣȥ飬մɱ˵ʲôˣΪʲôͻȻô裡
̵ͷֻҪӱ𶯲˵ߣǲһȥ죡
迴һۣüͷһ˵ͷ
ҲƽΪʲôأѵ©ʲô
Ҳû̫ʱ£Ϊе黹ûæ꣬ȥ
Ϊоʱ䲻ͬճĴӿ絽һ죬һʱ㹻̳ǽϵĹ£óȻռʲôˡԽ˵
ͷĵ˵ĲǾڰ浽ģһң·ľҪǻϣҲռƣҪһЩ΢
ԼǡҲ˵ͷ
Ѿ٣޽ҲѾЩ׷Ц˵ҺûϰѵˣȻϳԼһ˻ס
̹֣ǹˣ˭֪սɳϽˣ鲻Ҷˡ
ô˵ǫأֹһС£յĹѾдĽʿѾܿʼˣ⻹ҪúõĶл²СЦ˵
΢΢ͷ
⻰жٵĹά軹׵ģҲֻһЦŸ͡Ѿʮֵķ꣬ƻǱ߻֪ʲôȴҪίߡ
ӽĴʳһԼĴʣ̾ʵôˣ
Ӱ߳Ӧһ²ŷӦεӣǵɣҲһĹܰ鶼װɣ
軹Щ˵Уһǵȥһ񶼲У
ôȥӪοûнͷأֹ
һӣЩѵôȥ
Ӹɴչ̹ףúõһô£һС˵
̷ˣУҪ֪һ߰̽ӣʱֻӲңʱǽ⿪ᣬô˵
˵ȷʵôһ£ҲûʲôɷֻʵӴô죿
ȥ񶼣ն˵
΢΢̾һǼƻأ
װ˵ʱлͣһûпսҲֻһп޵ľʦǾԲġ
ͷӷԸ
 

ڶһʮ ҹ̽

ƻȴҲûţԼһֱ׷ЩɱֵԴҲ׷龰˾˭
ȴûв鵽̫顣
춼æʲôôûмˣ
һ죬ֻܿʱƻлʵ
ƻ˵ԲҲûü㽻һֱæŲɱֵ顣
ܿϵĿһ٣Ц˵ԣ㻹Ҫæ
㲻Ҫģ߸źܶˣʲôµġƻ˵
ܿ΢΢ҡҡͷЩ̾㣬ֻǻЩϰ߰ˡǰʱ仹ϥСŮжĴ¡
ƻͷķļϣұʲôӣҶŮ
֪ܿͷʲôȥɣù˼ﲻʲôҲԲ׸
ƻֱӣ˵ʲôأŲҵ׸
ܿЦŵͷû˵ʲô
Թƻص任һҹ£ִŰ˸
һֱ⣬ǲͣ¡
һеҲƣȴͬ
Сӣߵ̽˵ȫܽȥתͷƻ˵
ƻͷǵϾǰʱҲ¡
ԺСɣô鷳ˡ
ǣƻŻһ֣ԽԺǽסȥ
߱Ѱ޹ֱӵոѰż͵̸һܻø
ʱѾ磬鷿ȴɵƻͨڰϲ֪дЩʲô
ƻվڴߣĿڰòͨȻŻǹų
ˣһźĶͷϾȻ˺
һܼģ˽˵үʲôԸ
͵ӿؽԶջƹ񣡡˵
ܼҿģҲҵ̾뿪ˡ
һֻŹܼ뿪ϣЩ̱һ۾
ƻֱ˷䣬ϢĽӽذ״Ĳϡ
ĵһ̾ˣֵ㣬˭
ƻûпڣǿһߵİһۡ
ʵղŵǸ˭ģ
ңҲ˵ˣǸԶջƹģ̶߶µ˵úʲôҶ˵ҪҪɱң
ƻͻȻԼذף̵ͺȵٺŪңһƹܲ߻ɱռҵϷ˵㱳˾˭ȻھҪĹ
㣬ռҵˣ̴˵ҵ°Ҳֻ£һҲȴɱϷ˰
ƻĹ˹һȻֱӳ˴ɱϷ˵ȷʵģ
ٷϻ˭ʵ
ƻĵҲƤ
оϵĴʹҵú˵ǡ
Ҫ˵˵ֵʱͻȻ߷ɽһذףĺ۾úܴ󣬳ͲϲͣѪϢ֮
ƻֱ˳ȥȴֻһӰֱӴܳ鷿ԺǽӰ
Ҳŷɳȥȴǻ԰·ͨ˴֪ı׷
İҲ׷˹ǰΣƻ˵ܣȻôɱ
ƻҡҡͷ㣬һˣʮֵϤǷҲס
ŸѾĶ̵һˣ˾̳
ǣͷһӣİܿۼ˵ߣٵ
ǷӦѸ٣û˲ǵټ
ƻվڸߴѾҳһŵһҲûаٻɱӿϢȴʮֵĸӡֻǱصˣճ춼̫ӡ
΢΢񣬰һߵѣС㣬Ǹ뿪ˡ
ƻջ˼һͷԾ˲Ρ
صո֮ҹ£ֱȥϷ˵ԺС
ϷѾ˯£Щ˯ʵʲôˣô˻Ҫ
ĸϢˡƻɫ˵ŮȥҪõĻ֮˵ʱһͻȻְɱˣŮûץˡ
Ϸһϵ˯ʧӰ٣ɱˣԳһ˲˵һĻ߰µĶӣȻˣȻ׽ⲻ㣡
 

ڶһʮ 

лĸ½⡣ƻ˵ȴȫȻûջ񡣡
Ϸʵʲô
ƻ˸⣬ǸյʱдһŸӿһջƹ񣬹ʱǰƺˣдȥԮġ
ӿϷʮֵľȣѵĸ춼йأ
˵춼ƻһʹ΢΢ҧ˵ڻȷʲôŮȥӿһ̽Ļʹ˭
ȥӿϷҡͷУϾҪˣյĺܣôȥ
ƻ˵ĸĻʹҪǵոʲô鲻൱һʱͷϵĴʯͷԲ֮֮ңΪӿڵľƸӣŮźûˮ㣬ܰѸĸ
ô˵ϷҲΪȻеĵĳУ˵УôСһңôôΣյĵطܣ˵ʲôҾԲӦ
ƻֻ쳣ĸж˻ĸ¹ո¹ĸĸ׵ĻּȻĴ۸ӣĲ֪һʲô飡ֹһֻһȻڰܶ鶼̫ˣ
Ϸ˿ȻѾʮֵĶҡǻûеͷ
ƻ˵ĸҴӦ㣬ڱ֤ԼȫĻϣȥе顣
Ϸץ֣˸Ŀֻòĵ˵ͷãĸȥҪȿãճƳף
Ȼʱȣƻʵڲ뵢һ죬Ҳ֪һǳׯص顣ȻΪռҵŮбҪϯοϷѾͬȥˡ
Ǿ͵ȿ֮˵ƻʱˣĸЩϢɣҲȥϢˣ
Ϸͷֽ֣˳ȥ
һҹ޻ڶһ磬Ϸ˱֪ͨ˵첻ùȥ밲ֱȥüɡ
ܿһƻϷӺˣôż
ƻ򴽣ǿ˵Ϊңҿ磬ȥӿ
ʲôܿ𾪵ǱҪˣȥʲô
ƻϷ˵ˣ˵鲻в
ܿȴһۿ˼˵ǲǵĻӡ
ƻĻ
ܿüͷ˵ĻӣԲ֣
ƻ䣬Ϊʲôôȷأ쿪սճɱҲ޿ɺǣ
ƻܿЩ˵Ϊʲô㶼Ŵɱɱ֣С˹ΪʲôԸŶôõĻأ
ƻ˵ôɱҵɱ񶼵ˣΪʲôһ֪ôһ֪
ƻĻҲˣʲô鶼֪ʲô鶼˽⣡ܿ۾һ˵
ƻ΢΢һƺѾǸܵˣû˵飬Ҳû֪顣
лɵѾѿô׾ܴСġ
һ԰ܿ˵һȻˣҲۣ
ƻδ𣿡ܿû뵽ôִ̼˵
ƻȻǵãǵǰᣬǵεĺáΪǵôŻоʹ࣬÷꣬޷ܱѣ
㲻˵ˣһȥģе⣬˵
۾ܿ΢΢̾һۿҲһ죬ãȥɣȥ
ֻƻĻӶĺãȴڵ顣ԸĻʹľԸ⻳ĻӵҲǻȵ֤Щ鶼Ļģ
ƻǿһЦæͷŬסۿдתˮΪʲôҪޣһɱ˾ǣҲıʲô
Թ緹ĸŮãϷѾλϵˡ
ƻ˹ȥĸôô磬û𣿡
û¡Ϸ֣Ц˵
ɫǺܲƻŵ˵ͷࡣ
Ǻܿ͵ˣÿһϷ˶ʮֵĹƻͰܿɫȴġ
Ϸ˿żɽ˵λΪ£һ£ҪռҲФճƳף
⻰һһ϶ʮֵľȣϷˣɲһС°
ϷϵɫȴᶨǿƣλճҴСģҴΣλУǵ缸Ѿûа취صľأҲԲһ
 

ڶһʮ 

һɫ죬һʵϷ˺γأ
Ϸ˱˵ճ飬ȫµ˶Ѿ֪ˣǿռҴʲô
һ϶ĬˣϷ˱˵˽ҲˣӮˣոȴҲһҲ׬֮ǰõľƴҲӦ˽ˣѾԶռңѹռңһսӭˣռҹ߸Ҫһȣҫ֮£½ϵ֣֮
ǵɫ˲һ䣬жףԲϷΣ
ɨһϵıϷ˼˵񶼽꣬Ĵվȵһͷľһ֣âҰģԴճμȴҪᵳӪ˽˵治ƾһ㣬ҾѾȥ̫үռҵڣû޷ص飬ΨһľǽһףԲռңռҳΪҰĵƷ
һüе϶˵ͷ
Ϸ˵ĻʮеȻˣǱ㰴Ϸ˵
ȻҲ˲ͬ⣬ͬѾԶԶͬģѾˡ
ʵ飬Ϸ˲ǹ֤Ĵ˲ͬ⣬ҲԲ뷨һճӼг
ڵڶ飬Ȼϱϱȥ
ȻҲҪոһ˵
ϷĿһۣճûжӣֻŮôҵϵӾﲻɣ
Ҳ˼λϣϸ˵ŭЩ
Ϸһ˵ϱòƷжǰһģǹµĺ֣ʹճӼгҲҲոĵĸŮ
ôУһҲɡ
Ϸ˿Ҳ纮̹ǣβУû˶ӣ㻹ûжϱŮɣɶΪոľģǵҪҵϵֻʣһӹ¼ҹˣ
⣬⵱˲ֻܹǲҲҪһֲǡ
֣ϷЦһⲻһֵܿѾ޵ռңûз߳κһҶܽϳȥոĵĸ
仰ڶ˵ˣһθӵļᶨڳ˶ûȥ
ɨһˣ˵ξŮΪճĺûа취д׵ģ뽫ǹ̵ȥĶӣҲү¡
޿ɺǵģүʱᣬһöû£ϷҪΪҲӦġ
ûдԷҲһЩϷ˱˵ǽտõ飡
ƻͰܿȻʮֵľȣҲ֪õİţ
Ժ󲻹Ƿܹ£ճϵһģƻҪ˳µĽռңɾһ£ΪһŮ
ϷҲûǵ
ܿһƻ˵ͬϷ˵
Ϊ֪ΣƻʼնŮ˭ߵģ
ƻȻҲͬ⣬ճûһԣҰܿո
˶ͬ⣬Ϸ˱ף
һϵʽƻͰֵָ֣ʾүλ˲裬иϷ˾˲裬Լдүĺߣʽˡ
̣Ϸ˲ûи֪Ϊֱӽдˡ
֮ϷҲ΢΢ۿҲүˣӴԺүϥҲˡ
λ뿪֮ǰͻȻλҲ֪¹شڵʱԲ֪ΪԼΪռңǾڲԡǻûпڵʱұԶ죡
Կտ֮УϷһŵλ֮£䣬һͻҪǣ׷״˸˵ȥͷˡ
֮Ѿˣ˻صŷˣû̴ͷȻԹˡ
ݼϷˣݼ˺С㡣ӯӯһݣղ΢΢ӯһЩԵ˶˼ֽġ
ƻ֪ĸֲҩûжϹ˭ôҲġ
Ϸ밲ȴ˵Ϸ˳ȥˣȥ˺С밲Ҳ˵ȥˡλһŵ𣿡ﵹûІֻ̫࣬ίʵ
Ϸ˵˵ͷȷʵȥˣʲôϵѵǳţҪ㱨ɣ
̳ǿֵҡҡͷϷô˵ɷˣֻʣûб˼
 

ڶһʮ һ

Ϸ˿һۣʱʲô
Ц˵ⲻϵʱûϷ밲Щ˵˻ˣġ
⻰İܿЦһһ˵һȫˡֻҿϵģ
ﻰɫ΢΢һ䡣
ܿ˵˵ıȳĺ˰ɣ
һ˿ŭί˵ʲôطĲôһֱôأĲԵĵط˸֪һġ
⸱ӣܿǿЦʵ𣿡
ˡ
ոտڣϷͻȻסԼݣ˲˵䣬ǸʲôȻĶײˣ˵㣬ҲʲôӣƢãѾˣ
Ϸ˵Ļ΢΢һ㶣ͷϵı飬ˣϷ˶
㻹Ͽ˵ǸϷŭ
΢΢̧ͷ˰ܿһۣӦöײˣˡ
Ȼ֪ϷѾվ˰ܿƻǱߣȴû뵽ڼֱƫ̻ˣӲͻš
ܿҲѾϵľȣˣ֪Լˡ
ֿһϷˣ˵Ϸˣ˺С˰Ͳˣȸˡ
֮ϷֿŰܿ˵ﱾͲһֵӣҲҪġ
ܿ΢΢ĵͷҲ֪ô£ʱܲסƢ
ϷЦЦ˵ҲӾҲⲻ
⻰ܿҲЦԺֻҪסϷ仰ͿסԼƢˡ
һЦƺһֱڵĸĤˡ
Թ˷ƻһ裬Ȳ衣
Ϸ˿Űܿ˵ƻ𣿡
ܿȻ֪˵ʲô£ƻһ۵ͷҿʱҲˣӦÿҪ˰ɡ
ϷҲƻƻʲôʱߣ
ҶѾźˣǱҲѾʰˣӦôϷȥ֮󣬱Ҫˡƻ˵
Ϸ˵ͷֿŰܿ˵ռҶԲס㣬ǰҪĸŮҪƻȴҪߡ
⻰ܿۿϷ˲Ҫô˵񶼵ʱұ֪סǸſϥͷĺӣһаӥ
Ϸ֣ƻǸúúӣԺ㶨ٻòġ
ǣҲסܿͷƻ˵ƻȥɣϷ˵˵
ƻǲԼ뿪Ҳ˵ͷϷ˵˵ҴӦǣһᰲȻĻһӦþҪʱˡ
ܿϷ˵˵ͷҲᣬȴЦſ˳ȥ
ߵ⣬ƻ̲סҧסڣڿ˳ĲΪҪȥҪȥҪ̵ĵطҲֻΪлжôա
Ϊ뿪ҪǵıҲٵֻһŮһŮԶһˡ
֪εĽģҲΪǵѹ˻ҲֻһЩƽӣбҪĳ𣬱Ҫɱˣ
֮ȶûȥӣֱȥոĲš
ͽѾ׼һЩеĶҲڰһźţʾҲѾ׼ˡ
ƻһֱ뿪Ҳûлͷһۡ¶еһΣҪһΣ
һ߶ƻѾӿϢһ֪
軹ڼƻװΪվæǸոհӪկĲҲûô뿪ֻӣȵæꡣ
Ϊ˼ӿȣǷʳýܸжҲѹܴ
⼸ĵˡûȫ䣬ѾɲסˣŲ˾иһ
ЦЦ˵ǵµ˵𣿳ΪӦһãڲŬĳΪһ𣿡
ĻһҭЩ䣬ĵľظ֪Ҳʮָ˵ġ
ܻzڵڣԻºúñԼӣЩǡЦ˵
⻰ɫԻһЩ˵ɽȷʵЩˡ
ɲ𣿡Ц˵û̫ӵ£нʿҲ
 

ڶһʮ ǰȥ

⻰ЩֵĿһۣôͻȻ˵ôˡ룬ϾڹУ˧ԼҲӦõģҲûôˡ
迴мֵɫЦɲϣԼҲͲôһ̯£Ҳȥƻ
ӴʳһǲȻŲ嵫Ҳһȥ࣬Ľȣ֮ܳɹˡ
صУ߹ݸһЩ鱨ֽҳոݣɲͬ鱨üͷ
˲ӣΪʲôƻͻȻĶԴԼ
𣿵˭֣Ŀʵ
⸱ӣĺתܣӲͷƤ˵ûвֻ֪;йأСǱӦñ֪ĶһЩС㲻ǣҲܻ쵽ոİȥ
ΪʲôܲǾͲܣѵЩˣոİ𣿣˲סŭ
ͷҪؿڣ˵ǣܣϢŭ
Ҳ֪Ͼ񶼵̽ӻΧޣ޼ɵĲ飬Ҳľ
֪ԼھǵǨŭߵķֹסƻɣֱӸһʹ죡
飬ҪƻٸҶˣǧκε飬ȻҷҪǵԴ˵
̵ͷӦٵ뿪ˡ
ת۵˵ڶ졣
鱨һͣϵ񣬽ӹһɫ漴䡣
ӣʲôˣ翴ʵ
̧ͷһۣƻͿ
ù鱨һۣȻЩɻ˵ҲܺӾͲװҽȥˡ
迴һۣͺȵ㶮ʲôƻȻԹɼӳ̶ȣȻԹ˵ٻңҪԲ
ȴЩţôᣬСڶӲε˵ĵزɣ
βܣ迴ʵԭͲһű˵ˡ
˵̾һҲãҲãʱܵ˵Ҳܺúö֤Լס
û˵ȴƻ˼ֵĲŭ⡣ӶΣ˲֪֪Сôôأ
ټҼһЩ֣͵ӿһСģܾƻֶ˵
оٲԸҲ˵ͷ
£ұȴ
ڵĽȣһңضսƻʱӿʵǲȫľӪʱҲֻϣһ֮ڰðͻ񶼡
֮ƻ㵽ӿ
ڻ㷱ûĸо
ϾѾʮûзսˣѾ֪̽ҪζʲôˣȻҲûжٽŵա
Ҳ֪͢ĴڳУԸûбҪʲô
ƻһʮֵĵ͵ҲûκεıǣȺһ㶼ۡ
ͣԶջſڣС˹ˣЩС
һСӣ˳ȻͨһȥСŷ۵СʵŲ۾˭ûмôεСӡ
СȻװԺƻŮӵʵǲ㣬㻻һͷҲԼ޸ģЩӢ
ͽҲԼӱ仯С˵ģ
һ߽ջСӭ͹ҪⰡҪס갡
һӣϷ
Ӵ治ɣϷֻʣһˡСӣ˵
ؿһƻ˵ǾҪһϷɣһȿŸš
СЦϣ¥룡
ƻһţһ߰۲ջŸͨĿջûʲôӡһǳĿջ
̨һۣûзƹټǷѾˣȥ˰ɡ
˷֮Ȼ˵ϷҲʮֵĿڻɾ
СЩʳˮһ˵
С̵ͷϣλԵȣ
ƻ⿴βֲһ书ˣǾͿܲһ̽ӡ
ջʲôأѵֻһϢ㣿
ûãСͶһˮз˽ⶼǵĵƲˣλá
˵ţȴƻϳʵղ㿪ʼƻˣֻǸʱûôԡ
 

ڶٶʮ ԵĲ

һۣ̺ǳ͵˾ͳȥʲô
˼СЩε˵ûôεСүλĿǱصİɡ
Ҫǳ⣬ȴƻסˡ
Ǵйģ˵ӿʱһڣǾġƻ΢΢Ц˵
һ˵ڣС͸Сӿˣ㣬ʱ۵ʱҲԶʱһҪȥﳢһ
˵Ц΢΢һͣСȴҲʱ򡣡ԾϾҪˣ
ƻͷһɻģ̣ҿô֣ɲҪ̵ӡ
һС˵СĲǸ߹үˣǲţӿ˶ô˵ˣܸ˰ɣ
úõģ˭֪ͻȻҪĴ˰ҿɲܣò׳һˣ湻ٻȥƻ˹죬Щ˵
غͽһۣʮֵΡ
Сһ߿ţȻΪһҵүҪɽˮġҲ˵˲٣ҲˣЦ˵λȳԷϢҾˡ
лС磬ʲôƼĵطҪҰƻЦ˵
СͷϣȵСӳŵʱһ֪޲ԣ
֮ƻ˭ģ
ֻ΢ķѾ˵С
СǻС̽ӣʵ
һԵĽҡҡͷû书ο̽ӿɲ̽Ϣģġ
ƻЦЦǣҸоӦҲ̽ӣǸˣ̽ӲŶԡ
˻ûг극ͳ˷
С㣬ǸС֮󣬾ֱȥ¥£ҿջƹ񡣡˵һᣬҲûж˵ʲôƹҲ¡
ƻ΢΢ͷǸƹֻҪһж̸˵
ǣٴڰ
һ죬ǸƹҲûʲôƻһ˼ţһЩ˼衣
֪ӿҲһȥ̽ٵĶ
ƻһжǱ̾Ͳˡ
̾һЩ˽ɣ鱨Ҳô
ӣǵĹϵǷ˺ôĹŽģҪǶһӿǷ˰΢΢üͷ˵С㣬ҲôҪ鿪Ц
̧ͷһۣ裬ôеࣿ
֪Ը²ò˵һ䣬ΪСѾ̫ˣõʲôͷȴƲסļϾҪսѵ֪ӿäȥжѰ죿
迴ȴڿű𴦣Щʧȥʲô
˫̲ס߬ƺŵʱƻʱǱĴСҹλأÿÿᱻѣԼ˫֣һ亹֪ô˫ȡ
ǽǻʧȥʹʲô壿
̧ͷһֵۣͷüͷ嵽һ𣬡ȷʵˣϾǶָӵķԸΪ£
硣迴˵֪Ҵûֻ㵱
̧ͷһۣ¶ףԺȻٶ˵һ䡣
һ·ߵڣӦ˽ˣкСжôҪȻô˽⣬ҲӦһˡ
ͷҲ˼ֵɣ˵ʵҲôģƻӦҲİѹϵϵġ
˵ͷǣˡ
һ죬ƻҲӿһЩĵطˣǸƹûʲô
⼸Ҳ˼棬ӵҲǺǵӣӦöǵûʲôɡ
ƻȴôȥ
ȥϷһţαѾ֪˭ĻֵӣöĴһ㡣
ƻ£һ˫۾ڻҫЩ죬Ű˵
һۣȻ˼Ĺ˹ھȥ
ȻѾӿƻճյţԴӳûٲ𿪿
֪Լڴʲôϣʲô¿ЩӵʧԺӵʧ
ǰůǴõģʼůҲǴõġڲ֪пʼڲôĲôĺʧ
 

ڶٶʮһ Ļ֮

Ϸ˵Ķܿ죬ֹϢѾӿһֱûʲôƹڶˡ
ƻȻҲˣֻƹǳСģûֱϵһҩһţӦҪԼ档
ʡȥƻٵֻҪĵĵȴͿˡ
һж迴СȻȥƻǰе鴦֮󣬱װˡ
񶼽ӵϢһ죬ѾӿУиƻĽȡ
ǰѾʶƻֶΣԲûʮֵľȣƻӵĹĿ࿴ֶΣ
ĶֱˣԲκ˶еġ
ȻˣӲȥС𣿡翴˵
ҡҡͷڸֻ𲻱ҪᣬŲɣȵ鶼ʱټҲ١οѾܿˣʲôá
΢΢̾ϢʲôҲû˵
費ȥƻ᲻뿪վϣźվһҹ
ڶ죬ƻһ𴲣ʹӰõϢƹյҩ̵ĻţӦò˶þͻĻȡϵ
ƻЦһǺлмֲܼĻȻǷǳڴͬʱֺ˻ˣȥأ
ǸԵվҪԣϣʱƹʹһҹ£ĵ뿪Զջ
ŰĵĸϣƹιúܣߵҲһЩ쳣ƫƧС
ǶӿĵβʮֵϤмβһ
һ·ֱӷ˳ǽ˽һ弡
뿪ǽǸʱƻľȫȥֳһЩȥУȰٳеĲʩ
Ϊô鷳
ʱƻڳеİţȻġĲƻ˺ܿ˽ȥ˼Ҫ٣һֱڰм⼸ؼֻҪ춯˾ͻȿס⼸ˣûа취贫Ϣ
ƻڱƹٳתһȦûиȴˣϢֱƻضϡ
ԴʱѾϻؾе裬ȫ֪ƻѾȥ˳ǽĻ֡
вûˣӦûûƻվڲϣ۾һҲĶŲ弣ֻϣһҪ裡
ûеȴãһһž˳
ƻͫ΢΢Ŵһʯͷأһ¶һ㣬Ӷ΢΢ҡһ¡ΪȻЩƣȫͬ
лص仰˵ҲӦûô
ЩԶļУ춼̫ӣ
߽弣Ǹƹ̶񣬽һ̫ӵ¡ƻļغˡ
ַʲô飬ææİҽймֵĲͣ˵Ҷˣҽйأ
ƻһ⻰΢΢һȻһˣ漴ͷӦΪϾٳҲ첻ôԶοһǸةһǾ
ţԶһƸӰͨ͵͵ķȴӿ
ƻԤУӦòĻ֮ˣΪȻˣһǲ߻ЩˡةǾӦöš
˵ʱȻһȴûжٵ⡣ôû뵽˭ɥĲһҪɱϷˣҪɱ
ճ
ߵУǽһ̫ӵ£ȻĿƹǸ߹㣬ûд²Ҫϵ˭ʲôʱѵ֪𣿡
ӣʵǵġƹһţǼ˶Ѿ鵽ͷϣѵͲ鵽ҵͷҪ֪һСɶأǱǲ鵽û£һ˶Ҫס˰
ճϵıӰ䣬һѾˣҸǵϵһ˻ܿ˵ɣĹ㣬ѵǻסѾӿʰˣ
ƹϵıɲɣ˵ûҵԺҲӸϽӾһ£
Ǹճŭ֧񶼵һᴦ͹ԹԵĴԶջռ鱨ˣ鲻ܣȵ³֮Ȼ㵽ļžۡ
ô˵ҲûҪԼ˼ƹԵһл½⣬һӽ񡣡
 

ڶٶʮ 

һһֱûг̲סҽйǿôѵţҿæúܣ
ճһۣ¶ֵӣȴżֹˣ˷ѵҲйֻһ½顣
ͷȻճĲм˿ûء
㲻˵һе鶼㶨ôʱ˵Ҫˣ
˵ֱߣԹԵϵˮһ衣
ճģ۾Ѿ⣬Ȼ̫ӵѡҺȻҲ̫ܶӵжǡ
迴һۣҵǲʲôֶΣҲܹΣֻҪҪˣҪǮҶˡ͸ðѸɱ˶ɱˣ鶼ˣⲻǺ𣿡
ͷһڲ裬ȻЩɬڻȣҹһȲҲЩչˡ
ϵıȴʮֵı䣬˵ҽйҪʲôôʱ䣬չûУҲôƤɣ
⻰ճϵıҲЩƲס̫ӵ⻰ô˵ģôһչûأ̽ǺܳɹģǸƻͲôɱȻҪһЩʱ䣬͸ĸֲС
㲻˵Щ
ͷĻ˻ָ֣Լ˵ڶ裬ζĲѾƮ弡
˵㻹Ͽһ㣬ֱ˵Ҫʲôɣ
ճ̼ɫӵı䣬˼ֺ⣬Ȼ̫ӵô˵ҾͿżɽһҪ֣̫ŵһϤȷʵһЩ֣ƾƴҲֻܾˣҪɱκһܣҪ̫ӵֵµˡ
űŵӵı䣬춼ɱոɱѾֶֻ꣬Ҳֻ춼ɱ֣һҪ̫ӵµİ
Ų豭ЦһүΪǲгײ㻹ģ˵Щ̿ͣǿɶҸʾĵ̳ģмҶ㣬˭ܱҵİȫ
ƻҲ˽ˣһΪӮճ֧֣һΪ˿סռң֪˭ȿĿһļϣǱΪˡ
ǵĶԻҲ׵ĿһûôǢ˫ŶԶԷĲмӣֻ²˭ӱһѣ˱ضᷴĿɳ
Ȼһѵˡ
ճɻȰ˵񣬡Ҳ֪ոǲɱ̫źƻҸûа취׵Ŀոո̫ܰӵʲôҲִ֪˿̵Ȼ֮٣ֻҪ£ұضѵõɱ͸̫ӣ
ЦһȻ㶼˼ڣô˼ܾأҿɸǸɱ֣ȥɱϷ˺ƻûгɹ˵ģҪոҲûʲôô֮ͺ͵Ϊ֮ǣ֮ǰĶһӱֻүи׼
⻰ҪճҧûбֳŭǻҪ˵һл£
ˣûµĻҾͻȥˣԺֵط棬Ĵ͸綳ˣվ˵
ճ˵Ժһעġ
˵Ż˱Ѿ˺ܳ
뿪ƻҲ뿪ˣĴһźš
ƻõƣǰѾϰÿڴϢ˴һӦ
ԭճȻƬִ֣ż־죬һѲƬ֣
Ѿƿӣʵô£
Ϸ˵ˣ
ճһƬأոô꣬Ϸֵ˵ϰ߶֪δ̫ˡ
㻹˵ˣӣһаˣ񼥷
ճȴһֻۣǶԼ£ܷܲʲô
ƻҧֻԼ⣬Ӧõ뿪֮ٶģ
ֻϣЩֻ㿴Ѱҡ
ȴԸΥЩ˲ֻٵѰңҲܵϡ
ûöã㽻֡
һߵĴҲ˲ߵˣȥסһڶ
봫ոճ¶ˣҪǴ춼֪ռҺһڳеĵλոȹ̣ԲΪǰ
ߵҲУβһճЩ˾ͲһεģӦ˵̾ѵһɱ֡
ƻܿЩ˵ǿ߰һһĵ£ûսͷֻ˿㳷ȥ
 

ڶٶʮ ɱ

˵һ£̾£ƻߣΧм䣬ſʼ⳷
ƻһüͷʱҲûʱôֳ࣬ȥ˵
ĵΣ˶ϤǶɱȴϤƻְ߲ͣڵ£ǲͣĻλã˭̾˰ѿȱϡ
ƻȻܣǲΧңһȥѽϢݳȥ
Ƿ׷׿һۣɼᶨվΧ
ƻüͷĸûãɢӳȥΧһĿ̫ⲻǵűɱҵӳȥ
˵ȻǶԵģһֱƻߵİ˵ҸСߣǿЩͻΧȥǽ˳ݣϢ㴫ȥ
Ŵƻ˿ǲûΣѲ׷ǵɱˣǻһȺ˸ƻ
ƻߵİ˵ҲԼ뿪Ӧ߷ְţ
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ƻЩΣǻȻ̶ȴʵܱ֤һ˵뿪ӳȥӦⲻ߸һġ
ɱֺܿ׷ƿնİƻһӣ˫ִذףתӭȥ
׷ɱһ۾ܿɱ֣һճˡ
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ȻͷҲأǰȥɲɵҪ˵ˣеһսֻΪϲߡ
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ƬҲûжɱˣԼһӦӳȥƻҲӵרעӴܣ˦ˡ
оԼͣʧòѷʲô취һˡ
ͣһϣ֦նϣ°һͷ⣬оһһĿס˺
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ƻ΢΢ҧ͵زһֱ֦ӳȥ
ΪһһȫӦһһ˵ϣеֱ֦Ӵ͸ǸɱֵӣεĲ˵ϡ
һɱȻҲһҲӦʮֵѸ٣İٳɹ
ƻٴν֦̳ǰȥԭĵذףɲļС
ȴ˲ʲôֻͷ
ѾԤҪõĺܶ࣬ղҲڲһлȥֻ֧ܵ׷ϣֱ
ڵĴӹˣҲ˶ԣô̵ľ룬Щ֧Ųסˡ
оɱԽԽҲͣס˽ŲʲôܣˣȥҲҪɱˣ
ɱֿͻȻͣٶҲղŵ£ʶΪʲôơ
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۲һ󣬿ѾͶ·ˣɱЦһԼĽ
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ĿȻ࣬ɱ书̫ߣıǱԵģһذֻļ
ʱǺڣذûǰһЩɱֹҲںΪʲôİҲûд㶾
һУƻҪѾˣĳֱӿࡣ
һˣƾɱϵǼˣֻҪһĿƶǡ
ذҲֻһץ˽Уһֻϵذ׳󿳹ȥ
ɱȻ֣ƻżˣһѰѿƤĽ˳һθϽǰѽƵزǿסΡ
һɱһЦ˹ĴȼһذףĿƻ
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ɱȻذ׸񵲣һʱֻײһٸҹпĽĻǡ
Ӹ˾룬ƻֻõ˫ַ飬˵ƸһƬѪģ
ɱȻҲòȥ첲ڷ飬Ͼƻõ˫֣ǵ֡
 

ڶٶʮ 

ƻɱְֵذ׻֣һЦսһ䣬һֳȥ
󿪴ϱ˾ɵͻ̣ɱ⧲ذ׶
ûƻ͸ӵĲĽ̴󿪴ϣԿΪɱָ޿ɷϢ֮ѾѪ
ƻٵĴѾ׺ľѾһϢɱ֣ǿϮУŽֱӴ̽ĺС
˽ᣬƻϥһûйڵϣһӻͳҩԼִ࣬·˺һ˿ڲݲݵİ
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ŲˣƻݺݵҧҧɼʹὣûˣҪ˵ɱ־һһľҲܰſˡҪˣӦĸ׺ĸһᰲȻĻȥδôģ
ӿٵתţʲô취ܰɱˣǰԼ
һ۵ϵʬ壬ȻʮֲԸ⣬һɣԼֳһ״̬
Ѿͷ·Ѿ˲ʲôӲӵˣ
˵ĽŲͻȻĸȴûиı䷽ǲ֮ǰǸɱ˱ǡ
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תҪߣ֪ʲôطִܳһɱ֣ɱˡ
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СӣǲóȻĳ
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Ӱһķһɱ֣ƻһѱ˻㿪ĹһŽɱ߿ȻƻĽһɱ֡
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ſٿ£Ϣ˽ƻεıڻٳһɴܶȥ
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˳õԴͷ֪ƻǵϢЩȻûкķѶʱ䣬ȷƻλãȴۣҲڲ鵽ɱֵԴ
һжҪлĲγӪʱûа齻ѾٴС
Ϊʱ̫ɺϣȥ٣Ȼҵ⴦弡ʱɱѾʼĴ׷ɱƻİҲ˲УһƻİΪҵƻ
еĽͷ겻ö˵ֻҺãýûһȻĲ֪ˣ
ֱս̿סΪƻϻˡ
ֲǵһװˣôϲƻѾǳ
ͷᣬһƻǵ
ʲôʱˣǳƻҲܵͣӳȥ˵ɣ
΢΢һЦãƻҵʱ˵
˵̼ӿ˽ŲҲû׽ɱ˦ǷһƬΪƫƧ֮С
ȥǰ취ǻҸطһ㣬Ҳϵ˿ںúõĴһ¡
 

ڶٶʮ ӹҹ

ƻɫѾҰ׵һֽ豧׸оƫ͵£дΪۣĲӡ
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庢һƻ䶼ʼͷ͵øͣˣ
۽üҶЦ⣬ƻĶͷ䶼ˣǺûзհ
ƻѿ겻ǣ̧ͷҲǣֻҧ촽
ͷ΢ĵգľһĶҪˣЦŵ̾һƻ㶼֪ҵһ˺þˣоһôˡ
㣬˵ˡƻ˵˵Ҹʲôˣȵˡ
ЦøӲãһӵᣬƻΪ˵ʲôֻ˵ȵƻڿңҲڿ϶ҳˡ
Ҳûأƻȴ˵Щڳݲ壬ѻٴתҶˣ㣬ȥҳԵġ
迴˿ߵɫȷʵҲˣƻϢһһ
ƻʶĵ˵ͷʶԼ̫ɴˣҧҧ촽޲Ҹطȥ
 

ڶٶʮ ̹

ָ˲գɫһЩÿ
Ҫ𣿡ƻЩڵĶ˶㡣
赹Ҳ⣬ķŵ˲ݶϣְѻѶѵĸЩʵ𣿡
һƶƻϵѪɫ˲˾ˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷ䣬ȥɡ
۵ü˯һɣ˯һҾͻˡ
˯ţϿܾ;ûôˡ
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һֱ۾Ϥϵʹ֮󣬾Щ˯⣬˯˹ȥ
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ȻªƻϻôصˣʱӾãҸʱˡ
ֱ΢ƻһë˶ȴûѹֻĲ˲ֱ
С˶ڻˣ̾һҪ
ƻһбѵģ˿һԵĿӣ̲סһڿˮ̧ͷһ裬ĵ»ա
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ƻһۣ峺棬ƮһЩҩݣһûһߵĿóԡ
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迴һЦ˵ƻʲô޵ĳʵĲ̡ʵȫԲЩֻǱɣ˵ʲôҶŵġ
֪ƻɲֱʲô㶼ƽϡҪ֪һʲôˡȻ֪ѾӿӦҲ֪ΪʲôģЩʲô˵ʵҶԼֻӵʧ
ҡҡͷƻûҲû㡣Ҵӽӽʱ򣬱֪㲻ô׵ҡֻǺżȥ㣬Ҫ֮ȥ㣬𲻱Ҫᣬʵûһֻ٣ҾѾˡ
 

ڶٶʮ ҩ

ƻƵ飬ȴ棬͵̾һô˵Ҹ޵ˡ
ƻֻϣңܷķЩ飬ûҪʲôرҸЩνĺóΪĸöʲô𡣡
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㣬𣿡Ķ΢΢һ٣ʵôҲĸס
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ûҪ˼軺˻ֻҲ᲻Ϊѹ
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һƻȴû˵ֻǾĿרע
Щ˼Լıӣ񣬡ûµģ壬Щ˲ҵģҿһͺˡ
ƻ̾ϢһעҪǷܶܶˣЩţôôأ
תһ룬ѾǷô࣬עҪһˣʲô
뵽ֱӿ˵ҿ춼ˣ㻹Ե𣿡
 

ڶٶʮ 

ƻȻֻûʲôôĲҩҲ˵ʮֵĺúȡ
üͷӣЦЦ˺ˣʲôҶ
ƻһۣôѺȣҸҳԡ
ƲסЦ˻ԼĿ⣬⿾ĺóԾС
΢ЩȻһţ˫Ҳ΢΢ţһƻ̲סĥĥһ԰ͣ
迴ԼϣЦʵʱûиоһ⣬ɲ𣿡
ƻɨһۣݳɸŹˣأ
ôݰ΢΢ͷһۣǲ⣿
ƻбһۣӣͷˡ
ֲͷһۣЦţҲû˵ʲô
˰ĳŷȴһ㶼Σֻһһʹ࣬һһҸ
ƻҲֻһ룬ѾЩ֧˯ˡ
Ͳÿŵһߣ£˯ɡ
ƻĵͷӣϵ·
ӣ軹ǽڻУ·
ƻ΢΢۾һۣЩ΢
豧ĸЩůһЩ˯ɡ
ƻ۾ˣҲûֻ˯֮ǰţȷʵů͡
˯գ̲סָ˲䣬գϵЦƲסһЦ
һƣƻſڻ̾Ϣһķβиӵ㡣
ڶһ磬ƻ۵ʱȴûп衣
˿գȻ֪ʲôʱǿɫѾˣǳȥҳԵˡ
Ȼû˶ã߻ˣŴõ
ˣ轫Ķȷ£ҿ˯û㡣
ոѡƻ΢΢һЦ
ߵǰ̯ƣмŸɱĽۣ׷ӵʱģõĶȸˣֻ⼸ÿˡһ𡣡
ƻһۣﲻжǼٵģȴ˵ȳһһأ
˼ôֻ֪һŽԼһЩȵ𰡣쳢һ
ƻЩѵ̧֣ŽɵһŽһ£ɬĸо̳˿ǻ
ǱѾ˳ҾͲӦôӻóԣ
ƭңƻŤһһԣʵòûӵϣֻӵ·ϡ
ЦԺӳԣ𣿡
˭ϡơû˵꣬ƻͻȻ
ϽӣϽļʵôˣ
û˵̫Ǻˡƻòֹס˿ԣΪiЩ˻Ƶ˵
ϽһĶͷ̵ЩľֿһϵˣȻЩˡ
Ȼǲˣ˿ЩȾˣ˶ˡЩǵ˵
ƻȴΪȻģô˿ֻѾܲˣȵˣ˾ͺõĲˡ
۵Ͻӻͳһҩƿҩ˵η纮ҩҲûʲôҩȳŶԸһ£ҵһȥ߸ЩҩҾͻȥһˡֻʵǲġ
涼ɱ֣ȥҲȫⲻǺķոȾûģҶϢͺˡȥðˡƻ·˵
迴˿̧֣ͷĵ˵ͷãȲȥǲҩұҪȥҡֿһ˿ڣһȰҩ㻻˰ɡ
λҩ˶û֮ǰôκɬһѾͷͣһֻۣûô
ҩĹƻ˯˹ȥ̵Ķͷüͷһĵǡ
ӣᲦǰ鷢ɽ˼ˣԼ˽ƻһĿࡣ
һ죬ƻ˯ţ۾һ裬˯ȥˡ
ҲһֱߣͣĻͷϵʪ޲
һֱ˺ҹͷϵ¶ȣԽȥιһЩҩͷԵһɲȫɣһҹ
ΰ֮䣬ÿÿ۾ƻܿ;ر̤ʵ
һڶİ죬ѹʱ򣬵һۿĻɰԼڻһ˫۾רעĿԼ
ˣоô벻Ե㶫迴۾ʵ
 

ڶʮ ̥

öˡƻƣ˿ȣԸҿˮ𣿡
ùһߵͲˮȵģɼһֱڵҪˮȡ
ƻ֪ΪⱭˮһֱȣһͷβԼš
ûˣҲ΢Ϣһ°ɡ
˵û£ƻͷЩ裬Լ˵öЩС
΢΢ҡҡͷҲۡͲߵ˵ݣȵ㡣
ƻҲͲٿһͲˮȹˡ
ƻµȻȫǲټȥˣʵòˣǾ뿪
ƻȴЩɻ󣬡֮ǰ
֮ǰ̫ˣ˵ãĻͲʺˣٻһɾһ㣬ɹ̫ĵط˵
ƻȴЩǣ治ǻкܶɱ𣿡
΢΢һͷסϵĲ˵ɱҲûйϵҵṦʲô˾׷ϵġ
ƻã㡣
ô˵Щȵ̧ͷģǸˡ
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⼸Ѿļ٣ӿǱҲܵĲأԲ´Ϸ˵Ķκ˵ĶﶼУ
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Цһڲ֣ЩǸʲôõģѵͲѰһͷɽȥ𣿡
̫ע鷳
ճ˼ֵĲͣЩںˣΪ̫ӾһʮĽҷĿ⣬ֻܿǰ飬Ͳ֪Ժ
ǲףΪʲôܾ̫֮λ
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ճȻҲıȨһᴫĶڱͶмɵȻԼ鷳ɵʦسⲻᡣ
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ŭΪҲɻǷӿϽУֱɱⲻսٴ𣿾еĽô
˵ֵµЩɱ֣Щһ˾ܵʮˣΪʲôȥأճЩˡ
飬Ӱŭ㻹˵֪˺ü֣Щɶһֱ߱ҵģõ˶ûУ
ֻһ⣬Ȳ֪ŮУıƣ˭֪ǿߵĸָˡճ˵
 

ڶʮһ 뿪

Цһ㲻ø˵Щ֮Ҳκ˸㣬ƽȻҾԲŹ㣡
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һҪһɱԲӰԼǰ̣Ӱȫõոļƻ
ƻȻ֪ճɱģ֮һֱգȴû֮ǰôˡ
һ󲿷ֵʱ䶼˯Զ˯һ㡣
ɴٶŻ
ҪǱ˵Ŀ̻𣬿ܻҹġƻЩĵ˵
¹ƤѾɹãȲĸˣ˵Щ㶼òģֻҪþˣ
ƻ˿Լϵ¹Ƥֿ˿¶ûдӣԥһ»˵㣬ɡ
ЩɻĿһۣǺ˼
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ȴҡҡͷǿɲУǺˣҲ᲻öһë϶䣡
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轫°ͷŵͷ˵ⲻǸ㿪Цһĸ㶯ֲɡ
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ȴûлش⣬ֱӵȵض𣬱ýŵǽֱӷɵ˶档
ƻһܾ䣬¶Ҫ¶ȵһЩϾǱȽխĻҵ
о΢΢Ĳĸʵ˵һᾡҵŵģһ̡
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⻹ûпʼ뿪һɱߵߣɿҲûгֱӸɱַźš
΢΢üǾֱӳŷܹȥ
ɱȻ׷οͬһ磬׷ϵġûñ˦ˡ
˦̻֮һȫǰΪͲµЩɱֻʧķ׷ֻҪ任Щɱ־Էֲǵ١
 

ڶʮ ɽС

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Ҳ˵úܶ࣬˹ȥ
ſĽƻŵ˵ϣһְڻһţ춼ûӦ
˻ڰɡƻ˵
迴˿ϵƻ˵Ҳ˵úܶˣҵҸطϢ˵һŰǸ߿ˡ
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Ȼҳɢˣתͷһ䷿ӡ
Ӳ󣬵ȴȫӹļҾҲУмĵطҪһŴ
ƻһۿǽϹҵĹӦʱסķӣʱôûסأ
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꣡Ͻָѹѹ촽˵ʲôģܿͻˡ
ƻָܿ򴽣㣬ԼҲ˵ܿͻˡ
ջԼָ̲ס֣߬߬۾ȴһֱʵǾͲ˵ˣö𣿡
ƻʵûʲôУǻǵ˵ͷְ𣿡
ֻЦЦӵŵĹߣʢЩ࣬Ҫ˵ƻأ﷢˲ʳﻹ·ޱ
ƻҲЩȣϴ鲼ıӣЦЦ⵹û뵽
߹ߣﻹЩϴ·һ»һȺȵɡ
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ȴ֣ιɣ̡
˵ľҨһ࣬Щŵݵߡ
ƻԥһ£ſ죬һڣΥ۾
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ƻͷóԡȻʵԹ𣿡
ҵȻԹˡ΢΢һЦóԾͶԵ㣬һ춼ûˡ
ƻҲûж룬һ඼ˣӸӵůˣһû˯ɣϽϢɡ
ùңúϢɡҴҴǣ˵˻ԡ
ƻͷ㲻Ϣ𣿡
ｲһͺˣһЩéݣ˯
ƻ΢΢ͷǺá
ɽﻷǸӣǲŲòһȡůѾ˺ܶ࣬ҪˡȻ֪ȷģϾŮܲǲܾô˯һ𣬵ﲻ֪ΪʲôģЩʧ䡣
迴ĲɴЦ⣬Ȼ֪ƻδ˼̫ˣûֻܶ࣬úϢһ°ˡȴô׵ķԼһЩ顣
˯𣿡
ãƻͻȻֳʵ
Ӧû˯ôˣﲻ𣿡
ǡƻʱȫ˰ɣʲô;ϵ𣿡
 

ڶʮ ϵ

迴ʵ㻹ǵϷǱûյϢ𣿡
ƻĵͷϷˣҲķϾոô߶пճˡ˶˵Ҳĸףճṷǽĸ֡
ģʱ̵ʱұѾбոˣǾԲ˶Բĸֵġ˵
ƻ΢΢Щӣû뵽ȻôܵҾͷˡ
ϵҵˣǻϾɽֵġ˵
ƻݶЦЦеʱҲ̫һЩ
˯Ժûжãԭ۾ͻȻ۾Ŀ˴һۣתͷһƻֱ
ȷ˯ˣŵ˳ȥ
ӡӭȥĺһ
ָָֹһӣʾȥ˵
ƻԵʱѾϵ硣
ƻʧʱɽϳһɱ֣һֻߵѰɽ֮·˱ǣҵԼ
ѡƻΪƻ֪ѾҹˣһȲ뿪ԼȡϵǸĿռˡ
̻⣬˱ߵһߵ
ӣ㽻鶼ѾˣСʣ˻ʮѾ׵ˡϢҲѾǵˣˡ˵
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ȴЦһװ˶ƭȥˣôͲˣžˣûҲǰһΣ֪û뿪ʡ
ȻǼٰˡ
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ˡҩأ輸ʵ
Ͻӻͳ˵ⶼǳҽ֮ǰҩͲҩ
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ƻ˵ͷ㲻˵ˣֻ˾˯һȻ˯һŴϣϰ֮˶ҲǱѰˣȻԷĺ
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˯𣿡ȻܸܵٵԼĺ
ƻ̳û£Ϊһ˯̫ˣھЩ˯ˣ㲻ùһˣЩϢϢɣ
㲻˯Ҳ˯šתͷЦʵǲòˣ
ƻϽ˵ôأԼԭ˯̫ˣЩ˯Űˡ
 

ڶʮ ո

迴ƻü˵ɽʱǾҲ˯ţôȴ˯أ
û죬̿ʼЦƻһҵĶ˵ԼˣôĻ
̲סһЦ˲ѣʵɽƻʲô㣿ֱӻ𣿡
ƻһۣʱûпԼǲǾ˵ʵԼôʮֵ⡣
˼һ²˵ڻ֪ߵӿӦñˣʱ뿪Ҳô˳Ļ񶼡
Ҳ˵㲻̾뿪񶼶ԲԣЩϲ˵뵽Ҫսˣ˵Ǿ뿪ɣܿҪȼս𣬵ʱǸӸӣ߶߲ˡ
ǰ̬ȵı仯ƻֻʮֵůϾĸ仯Ϊõġ
ȴ˵ô˼໥ǲ
˵ȻϣܴʱԽԽõģϾҪսˣӿһõط񶼣Ҳһпվȥ㣬ĸġ
ƻһۣ˵Ҳû˵Ҫ
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ڶһ磬ոУһֱƢҲ㲻ϷˣͻȻŭѷ밲˶˳ȥֻ˰ܿһˡ
ܿҲΪʲôͻȻĻ𣬵Ҳ֪ǳոտһϡ
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ܿϵˮ˵Ϸ˵ĶԣӦضǵŵԣһƽµĻġ
Ϸ˿˵ͷ˵ˣϢ˵ƻѾҵˣȫûأ
ܿҲ˵ͷ죬̻
ϷصԵķ䣬ܿƲסĿʵǵģôܣҲܿһޡ
ٴϿ޵ģߵĽˣ±߹µ˵¡
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Ҳ޷˵ԼˣСҪҪ߷ˣ¹С㣡
һô˵̲ܿ˲ϵᣬ˳ȥ˵ػ
µı˽һʮͷˣ൹мֿ㣬ݼˡ
ɡ̼ܿʵҪʲôָСʲôϵ
¿һԱߵĽ壬Щɵ
ܿҲһۣ˵޷ԼˣЩ˵ɣ
 

ڶʮ Ӧ

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ɵͷ˵СҪ߷һСںܰȫҵӣҲĻһ𡣡
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˵꣬תͷһ۽壬˻ȥҲƽһЩ˵ҴϢ𣿡
µͷ˵·ż߷һ
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ܿҲʮֵοЦȻǸµĺӡ
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ǡһϽ˵Ǳճ֪֮һ᲻һҲҪɱģǶȥˣ߲Ͷˡ
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ָ֣Ͻ˵Ϸ˲ҪС㣬ոжҪǶףҲܹ˴ʧ˲Ϸ˲ҲţСһûū澿ɣһɳȥһ˻ոб㡣
ʲôʱˣϷ˺һۣǵ׻ȥһЩ԰˵Сˣǰӿ
֣΢΢ü˵ʲôǻûпڣͱϷһ۸ɻȥˡ
ѾҵĵˣٸҶ˵ʲôԼȥӿϷŭ
֣Ҳ˵ʲôŰҲʹһɫǶˡ
ǳȥ֮Ϸ˵һ裬Ϸ˱ȱҲǵϷˡ
Ϸ˿һֽۣӹ˲豭̾һӦҵģƻôТңҲǸһĺúӣ˵ոϣһ㶼ţ˵Ҫ飬ʲôȥռҵڣ
˵̲סͲǸӵģôԼȥôΣյĵط
ָ֣ϽݸϷҲ˵СһģȻıӣԲµġ
۽ǵᣬϷ̾һһ˲ƺ࣬ӦңһᰲȻģҸ
ͣ߶ţҲ˵Լ
 

ڶʮ 

ƻ֪ոз飬Ȼﲻǵ֮ȴȰá
֪Ѿ˸õҩֻ֮ǰ࣬ʹЩգ˿ڵĸȾѾֹסҿʼˡ
迴УȻǸ˵ģȴ־ʧ䣬ϾõÿһЩ뿪ԼӾͽһЩ
Ѿ¡ʮ֣ɽϸǸ䣬Ҳһֱģʱ߾Ʈ˶ëѩ
ڴϵƻѩˡ
迴һۣŷ⿴˿ѩˣô֪ģ
ƻЦЦˡ
ʲôʱôˣЦ˵
ƻƳһۣûһʫ𣿰ֽѩ⾳𣿡
û֪λʫ˵ʫЩʵ
ƻǸһʱյģȻûʫ˵Ҳֻ֪żġҪΪ̫ˣôڴϣҪ˵ѩҲҪü
̿Ҫӣòܵȥץˣ
ƻһۣʱ㲻Ӧ˵һ𣿡
У˿ڲŸոս裬ôһҪˣǺúţ˺õĲˣȥҲţЦ˵
ƻӣôȥ˶ҪˣСһ㣬Բ˿ģ
˵˲УЩǿӲɿЩˣ֮ǰôۣôܵģ˵ô䣬·Ҳ࣬Ҫô죡ʵʵڱѣ
ƻһۣҲ֪˵ĶԣﻹЩ꣬˵Ѵһ㣬ҿѩ
ѩʲôÿģ
˵ţ˼⼸ɹƤŷϣдϣ׸⡣
ֲǷˣǷˣҲиɣƻ̲סЩ
ЩεĿһۣߵߣʵ˵ɣô£
ƻǶԸ˵ǿɿԼһԼ˵ݵӣйң
˿ڰʵ
ƻͷϴ˼ֵίֻ˿ڣ
ΪˣȻô˵ţϵıȴЩۣ˿ڽͻģ΢һ̣ò˶þûˡ
ƻ΢üôòֻ˿ϵԵʣôţǲˣ
̲סЦô飡
Цȿû飡ƻȴһСһ˵
ģЦƿӵһǣҲϸĿ˿ҡҡͷʲô鰡
Ϊʲôһôƻȴɲݣѱĸ첲˳˻¶ֱۿ˿Ҳûʲôİ
Ц⣬ߣϣĸ첲ҿһΪ˿ڽ裬һΪƤϸֲۣѴϰߣ
˵ôܴߴֲѣҸĸ춼ʱ򣬲ǴŴֲ·Ψһһ޲·
Ǹֳ֮ǰƻ̶סˣҧҧôͻȻ˵顣
ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ʵ˵ߵܣ
ƻ۹Ҳһ˿⣬ˣбĺ⡣
ƽ˵԰߻ӡӦҲ֪ɣסıȽϽҲ
ǣǿɲֻô򵥰ɣ
Ҳĵĺ⣬ֿƻȻиŭʹҲȥʱͷϵˣΪܵ𣿡
ƻһۣЩΪʲôͻȻôҲӦҪ˵ױȽϺã˵ʱȷʵߵıȽϽкܶ۸ҾͰ˰
Ƕ֮飬ֻ
˰
ôɴĳϣðɣ̲סЦ˵㲻ǱСܱһСŮ㾡ľάɣ
ƻüͷʮֲϲҲ˼ȣʲô˼ǱסĽǴСһߵĽûʲôİɣϰ֮ˣܰһѵʲô𣿡
ȻֻǸʱ뷨ҲʵȻֱӦô˵ǿӣЩѿڶ
СģЦһʲô֪֪
һŰѵߵĻ˻ȥǰʲôǸ˴Ŀѣ衣ȴô׵ĿڣԼ˷衣
֪ʲôƻĪĿ㵽˵ʲô
 

ڶʮ Ȼ

һǿԼ侲йǰ֮ǰļȴȫӿ˳ʧء
Ȼתƻڵı飬ٵ˵ɲ񲻹ˣȥһЩϢɣ
ƻǾĪôܶ˵һĻô뿪
˼趼ûлͷֱӳ˳ȥ
ŹϵţƻЩյһ´壬˵ʵѵʲôΪŸЩο˵ʲôˣЩӦö֪Ϊʲô
⻹һμ𣬾ȻΪһ޲ɱ֮ˣ
ƻҲ֪Լŭټϵĸоӵķꡣ
뿪ҲòȥϰһߵĲһѸӱһԲľնΡ
϶˶٣ӿһۣҲЩڲöƻô֪ǰأ˵Ƕʱˡ
ǾѾôƴˣôûȫ˴ĨҲʮֵĲú£ѵһûа취õƻģѵе鶼ע
һԲľͻȻѪּᶨעΣҪľԲǰݣԲڸκνӴĻᣡ
һĲ񣬷ƻһͻȻЩ
ǻѸ̫ˣҲó飬˵ֻҪ׼ˣͻһͷȥһ·ڡ
ȻѾŬٸıϰˣӣһǣ⣬ȻԼȴվ·磬վڱλϡ
ʮ֣ͣˣͷǺ˽Ͽһۡ
ƻ˯ˣҲûгʼæˡ
ƻȴӵʧ䣬ʲô˵ףҪôԼ
ˣƻûʲôߵ˴ߣ˯ţĶͷ¶ȲߣԵһ
ڴҲûмŽ̾һƻҲãӦö㷢Լ侲һ磬ԼǶôȡ֡ʶģǸı䲻˵ģҾ̲סʣ̲סҶȥ
˶٣˵һֱҲ֪ƻôҵĸģĪûмˣôôϲôִʵԼҲ֪ôͣӼĵһұ϶ˣҶ׷㣡
ƻѾĽһҲƲסĴЩΣëûۡ
װ˯ǲ裬˵Щǲˡ
ǰӡһºˣԼԼʬ޵ӣĲ뵽Լôĸ顣
һĸȻźǿңĻᶼ
ģҲûвֻһ˵ȥЩ˵վ˳ȥ
ȥ֮ƻ۾Լ̵ĻѾ˿˿ȡȻǳԴˡҲ֪Ҫ֪Լ޲ɱϻʲô顣
Լ뿪һӳǳմ˲Żصޣֻǳˣ
ܿ˽ˣЦˣóԷˡ
ƻҪ迴ˣϽԼһסʲô㲻ͺˡ
ƻĸ첲΢΢һ죬СңҶˡ
ЦãҸ
ܲܳԵ⣿ƻѾЩˣöٶٶô嵭˰ɡ
ЦķУ⣡ҲΪֲҽƻˡ
ǿҪܶУƻһ
̲סķ찾òã
ƻ̵ͷãҪ࣡
һסЦﻹ࣬һҪѱڻһɰ˷衣
ƻͷ˼ЦøɵƵģЩ⣬Լⶺģ
ЦЦֵĳƺ֮ǰ׽һЩнҲһЩ
˿̴еǻ֪ôɿӣѾˡϷ˵˲һʱ䣬ѾƬӣҹ
ѾȴķԸҿӣֻܽĵƻ˯֮ڸ跢źš
 

ڶʮ 

˺ܳʱ䣬ԶԶĿĵϨˣŷһźš
ƻҴӵһ٣һ۴⣬תͷƻѾ˯ˣָ˲գת߳ȥ
ʲô£
ɵ̤ңʵ
翴΢΢ЩסϴһԻ·ϵɫʮֵºͣƽʱӴྶͥ
˵Ҹ΢΢һüʵ
ŻعϽ˵ռϷ˵˹ˣٶʵ̫죬ǵԭĵطȥȴûгɹѾˣ˼Ͼܵ
΢΢һǺܿƽȻС̵ݹȥһҲġ
翴һۣʵӵ˼ǣ
ǹɡ˵
翴ЩԥĻǴӪ𣿡
ӪΪʲôҪӪ迴һۣǹһĨЦƻҾȵģҵȻҪ𵽵ס
翴ӣ֪һڴʲô⣬ԼҲ͸뷨ҲͲֱӷˣ˵ȸˡ
ͷҲңص˷䡣
ϵƻɰȵ˯ţûΪѡȻԭΪѾԼȫжķ֪ĵġ
ߣĲ˲ǰͷģ˭ߣһȺˣҪôֲɵˡ
ڶƻ۾ʱ򣬾ֱײѹôˣ
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ƻЩڵŲߣϾͿʼ񾭡
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⻰ʲô˼ƻЩ׹ʵҹˣ
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ҵȻ룬ƻҲĻҾϵıӵ档
ƻӣҲ̲סϷ˻ô죿
㲻õģȻа취ѾˣȻشҡȵĶ
ƻüͷһ壬ȻЩǣǻǵ˵ͷɡ
ЦķãǾƻģ
ʵƻĴʲô뿪ƻ׿˵ҲΪֱԼġ
ûжãƻҲĽŲ΢΢ЩţǿһɵģҲҰߵ˹
ߺܿŵվϵ·ͷϿһëձñƻЦЦȻһš
վŻİӦΪ˴̽ʱµ·
һЦʮֵĺƣλֵܣԱߴģǰиѾͷɽӹһֱûлȥֵܼûУ
ľګ䵭´һۣԱߴӵģôûǣ
ϱһЦ˵һֱٻشӡ
Ҳû˵ԱߴȥɨһۣĶǻɡ
һ⸱ģһۣǰԻʮֵĲ򵥣ȴ˵ﲻԾ
ֻЦ˵Ȼֵܻ˵ϣҲͲسôˣֻûмһСʮ¡
ֿһۣŤͷڵƻ࣬Щ˿Ѱģ
ƻģ̲סһЦװһԻӣԭ˵İ취Ҳ˵ùȥӣѾߵİסˡ
迴ЦҲ̲סЩǻǿסϵı飬תͷֿǽɡ˵ÿӣǷ
Ѿǳļÿ̳˽ȥڴϵƻǾϲĿ첽ǰȥˣСܿˡ
ƻһۣ沿ĵʵɡĸģ
ǣӽӵϢ֮ʮֵĽҹŵɽվ˵
ƻ˵ͷĸˣǿȰϢĸ׶ܰġ
ǣһۣʵС㡭
ƻ˿ǣֿһ˵ǴӿǱΣ
˼ӿѾˣСʱȥǺʱ򡣡
ǡһתǶѾźˣֱӾܽǣҲѾõĴС塣
 

ڶʮ һ뿪

ƻһüͷֿһ裬֪ϡ
΢΢һЦ첽ߵĴǰ˵ǰʵǾʲôˣҪȥ
ҲЩҲʲôݣȻô˵
ģƻ̲סһЦס˵ǲǻˣҵĸһȥġ
ֿŰǼִңչô죬ǲ񣡡
е⣬ͷӦһǡ
üͷһֿۣһƻһЩżΪԴǲ֪ô˵ӣżһ䣬㻹ûãҲģ
ƻ⸱ӣʵûסЦǼִôܷأ
Ҫȥ㵽ˣҲܷģ
Ű裬ҲʢЦ⣬Щľګ˵
ƻǰԵͬЦͣĵͷãҴӦִ硣
ָѹѹʾס˵ھʰ·ҪõĶ˵һתͷɨһۣϴżѪ
ɱİҲһۿЩë˼ȻǸԻҲЩѪ
ȥ֮󣬰̶ƻ˵ˡ¶ԣ񶼵·ϣضΣأǴһɵʵЩסοİȫҲܱ֤
һҲ˵ҲΪףСǸмľ֮ñֶûбҪһҪ
ƻɨһִۣҲҪͼʲôҲֻҪҰȫȥǲض˵ˡ
С㣡˵Ϊ㣬߳ɵİɹˣֻɵİճѣǻΣաС㻹Ϊһ룬ǻȥǾԲܵģ
ƻһ⻰ҲһĸôǾûкúȰȰ𣿣
֣һȰţ˶ҲЩε˵
ƻüѹôҵԼԭĶࡣ
߳ɵֻ񶼣ɾ㹻ˣмִһϵģҲЩǳգҪǷı
һҲЩԥƻ˵ճô׷ŹС㣬ֻЩҲס
ƻǣôôϻ̾Ͱ˵ȻǶҹȥﰲȫأȵˣԼҲܻȥ
һô˵ҲͲٷʲôһۣǵ˵ͷСķԸ
վ߰ߵ̸һĹ˹ʲô߲źأˣƻ²ɣ
ļ£ƻǳ緹˲ų
ʱĲ棬ƻ̲סͷªСӣ֪ʲôʱܻ
΢΢һͷײߣһЦ뷨ÿ˵лġ
ƻЦŵͷϵ¹ƤҲůůġ
нٶȺܿ죬Ѿɽɱֵע⣬ֿ̧һ϶ϵ˾ǵĿꡣ
һ·ӭɱֵΧ׷½أǱϾǵڶ࣬ȻЩ飬ǻ˳ɽ
һɽ֮˾ɢֳ˶Сӡ
СӻƻصӿʣµļСӴӲͬ·Ĺӿֱ񶼷ȥ
ªĲҲ£˵͵ʵȻҲƻһ档
𣿡迴ƻЩ԰׵۵ʵ
ƻҡҡͷû£ֻЩۡ
úϢɣ¶ڣġ˵
ƻһۣҲЩϵɣʧôãһҲֵ֮Ľ
ôһ֣ǿ϶ˣҵͻҵģطϡĶͷȷûһضָģķ㻹ǳյúõϢһ°ɡ
ƻȷʵЩ񲻼ãҲûгǿֻǵ˵ͷϣ۾
־Χ£ǲʱ˦Щɱ֣ϵʱͨͨ˳ǡ
֮ƻԾܸоѾʱȫһˣ֪ΪϵԵʣսϾҪԵʣ֮Ѿüĸо
ֱӴһΪƫƧӣӦ׼õľݵ㡣
ƻոհٺã˵ԺУСѰЩʼ
ƻҡҡͷˣںۣϢˡֿһ裬ԸҲҪúðټִ硣
 

ڶʮ ܲ

˯ɣҪˡϰԵĸҴҴǣ
ƻЦЦű۾
һֱ˯ˣŴĴǰ뿪Ű˳
һſڣ˵˯ɡ
ȻЩƣҲȫϣֻǵĵ˵ͷžҪ߽ȥ
İȴסСӣȻĿˣЩΪҲӦ˵ȴܲ㣬СݣܹФġʶĻ˼뿪ҪʲôرҲٻһǵģ
ƻֻҪϹӶؼƻҲʮֵչˡ뵽һôʱ䣬ǲƽҪǴϷ˵ĶҪס
תͷĿŰɭɭ˵Ҿȵˣҵģ
񿴵ͷһͻ˵ĻСݣ˵㣬ôִԲȥСҪǿСϲžģ㲻Ҫ̧٣
ĻľګƺҲ˼ֵĶҡȴֱüᶨҵʹܹܣ
˵߽˷䣬ѷŹˡ
һ۽ҵķţҲЩһЩΣһҰ
ŵ裬ֱҪЦⰵҲĹͷԵģȻ˵ʲôЦĺࡣ
ĺĵķϣԺеɫˡ
ڶ죬ƻʱ򣬿ȫȻİķ䣬һʱЩӦˣ˿ȻҲûһ۾ܿˣͷ΢΢Щʧ䡣
ûпڽˣ˾˽
ƻȥһˮ˽ЦҾʱҲˣҴЩˮ򵥵Ĳһ֮ǰ𣿡
ӣƻû˵ֻЦ
ߵĴǰˮЩɻôʲô
ㆪµһƻƿߣ΢΢˴˵
Ц뻹ǣЩҿĸƵġ
ˣƻȴЩˣңҾǿЦģ𡭡
֪ĻЦôӢ䣬ȻǸӣ
ƻһۣǴŹһԼĻᡣ
ƻ˽ң˵Ŵʪëùƻ֣Ĳš
ƻϸµĶѾƮһĨɺ죬ϿɲˣҪǲôƶ죬ҵܳӢ䡣
ЦƻĬĬĳϺˣ
Ķ죬ձõĲˣȴˣ˹һѶëʲô
ʲôû𣿡迴΢ŭķʵ
ҲЩҲСˣѵ֪Ůܲ׵ĵѵ˼С𣿡
˵ֿһƻ̵ͷ˵С㣬¶죬㻹Сܶ鶼סȻֻһһӰӣҲܿС㱻ƭ
ƻʵҲ֪ǼȻ˶ΪʵЩףѾ˵ʲôܾĻ
⻰˵ˣִֻչҰˡ̲סΪ
иǶֱðԻƭС㣬Сŵ˽ģû롣
Ƴһ˵ѾȥСѾˣӦϾ͵Ժ黹ǽǱȽϺáأԺҪСķ䡣
۽ߵŭ𼸺ҪѹƲסȻҶԼôָֻŵġ
ƻȻ֪Ͻһץץסִ֣֪綼ΪҺãִֻȷʵˡִ;˵˵ɡ
ô˵ֿ˿˽յ֣ĵŭʧˣӣ
ƻһ۰̲סЦ
Լ˵Լǵƻ棬Ҳ÷ֻиһʡ
ƻϵЦ⻹û߾ʹһ󼱴ٵĽŲͽؿ첽˽ڴϵۿ˲ˡ
С㣡˴յ˴ǰһ
ˣƻҲЦǵģû¡
ô˵ҲֹסᣬƻĴǰ
ūûãվӦøСģƴҲСӳģ޵Щ
һҲǱ߿ޱߵͷ
ƻЩ̾һⲻûǿʲôްô˿Ҳ¶ˣ
ţǶ֪ˣС˺صˣô˵ûأûչ˺С㡣
˰ƻ֣ҶõĲˣɱˣ޵ķظϽ
 

ڶʮһ 

ؽòȶ̧ͷſԱվŵ裬ʮֵľȡ
ƻʱĿڣҵľˣִ硣ֶ˵ߵѾߡ
⻰ϵı飬ͷһ
΢΢˵ͷҲûʲôı飬ĳһ޶Եӡ
һۣԽЩ͸صˣƻǰӵģܻЩȵıɣȫûС
˵Ǿ̺Сϴɣȸˡ˵ֿһ裬ʾҲӦ뿪ˡ
ҲĿһۣתͷº͵Ķƻ˵ȳȥˡ
ƻ˵ͷת뿪ˡ
⣬ְѽסѹ΢ŭô£ϵĻ˵ǲǣղǸʲôССʲô㲻ѵ֪ٸʲô𣿡
費͵ĿһۣдżѪɫЩҺƻ飬ûйϵʶĻǹԹԵı죬ڵְˣ
˻βüͷ˵ǼСѾлԼˣԷҲͷĴңûлᣡ
ĿһۣЩɱһССİʵֱתԼķ䡣
ͷҲص뿪滹Щǣ㰵иͽ˵һ˵ȰһȰС㣬Ҳֹ˶
ڵƻŽ˵ȥӦ֪ˣղžͱֵĲĻҲͲ˵ˡ
˵ͷһԱЩɻĽأʾضԡ
ƻҲһۣԽ˵һ˵װɡ
ǡ˵ͷʵӴиһ𣿡
ƻвǺȷ᲻Լȥ񶼣ȴȷĸԼ񶼵ġ
ս˵ս˲Ϣ䣬Ҳ񶼾ܿסս֡
һߣ㲻ùڽţٺһЩ̻̾񶼡˵
ʱӪ˧ʡ
ܣ˸ˡ
ԭͷճͻȻԼ彣ֱһĺŭ˵ʲôҪûҵǾͷܹҶ𣿣
ɱǣȫ̧ͷˣĽһĨϵľԼĲӡ
ǣճŭɲֵ֮ʣҲİǶɱˣֻŭʵǴģ
һɱֿ˿ܶûгģֻ˵ھӿﴦ
һǽˣҵﰤҰңճŭٸ飬ûаҵҾԲٷŹǣ
ǣˣɱҲ˳ȥ
˶Ժճϣһɵ粻ôֱһϷ˵ˣǻǸŮϢͳȥˣҲû뵽Ϸ˾ȻƻôάȻֵز
ҲһǧѷĻᣬϷôˣôõĲһһ
ƻûϷܳʲô򣡵ؾʱһܰոĵλƵĸߣʱոҲεˣ
óֽʸдţεİæʮİա
ʱܿ͹죬ԭͻָĺܿƻָ죬ҲˣɫҲָһЩ
Ҳ඼ָˣҲǿ˲١оԼı仯ƻ׾뿪ѾԶˡ
ôˣʲô迴Щʵ
ƻЦЦûʲô
Ҳû˵ճѾɥĲˣҲŲ˼죬ȥ˰ŵĵطɡ
ƻȴҡҡͷԥŲ֪ô˵
ҡͷ˵ûµģҲʲôۼ߼µİֵġҪﰲȫĶ࣬ҲʵĶ࣬ҵİɡ
ˡƻ̧ͷ˵ʱ뿪ˡ
΢΢һ㶣塭
ƻĻѾõĲˣ˿ϵĺܺãҲûġ
û˱ЩҪƻ뿪ʱĽڰˡ
Ҳ㡣迴̾һʱԽԽţսһ㻹뿪ȽϺá
ƻЦЦʲôҪҰæĶطҿϾҴӦ㣬һʵԸġ
迴ɫ˵ʲôðңֻҪ֪ǰȫݵģҾˡ
 

ڶʮ Ѫϴ

ƻҲ̾ϢʲôΣأ˸ΣղŶԡ
֪Ц˵ңҶⳡս
ƻĵ˵ͷʵ㾿ʲôأ
ôʣ̲סЦķƻһء˵ʵһûдôԶⳡսҲԤϡģҲֻãýҵԤڰˡ
ô˵ƻﷴ˵סӵǰˣܶ鶼ѾƿأοһƻߵģǽԼһҪˡ
㣡˵Ҳֻһˡ
ô˵ϵЦǲҲزס̲סķСҰèԭҲôɵʱҵЩϰˡ
ʲô𣿡ƻһۡ
ҡҡͷܿɲУ֮мҵӢ䡣
ƻһԼӢߵģǲͷ
ȫЦ˵ãã˵ƻвС
⻹࣡ƻҲ̲ס䡣
Цһʵʲôʱߣ
졣ƻ˵鶼βʰʰͲˡ
ͷãƻҲҪҷҿһ뿪㡣
ƻһ죬ҧҧ棬㣡
ոдһȺɱ֣׹ոֱոдɱ䡣
ϷߵɱĲ豭ֱˤ˵ϣŭճֱɥĲѵѪϴոɣ
ֿ֣ʵܿͼǱôˣ
˺ͼλѾܵ뿪ˡֿ֣ٵ˵
Ϸ˵˵ͷȥ˾ͳˣ
ϷˣȲ˵Щˣߵ˹Ҳֲ˶ãǻǿЩܵ뿪ɣȵɱ뿪֮ٻһԵֽ֣˵
ʲôߣҵҪЩ˵ʲôͣճߵ˵ʲôͣ
Ϸȴϲӣޱֱֱ⡣
򶷵ԽֽѾܿ˸˸ӰʱѪڴֽϡ
ЩӰϣܿĳոİεĽڽڰˣò˶ãЩɱ־Ҫˡ
Ϸˣ߰ɣٲˣ֣һ߽Ȱ
ϷȴҡҡͷҲߣոǶˣҾӳȥôҽƴҲԲЩ̤ոһ
ɽڲûգūˣͲҪôִˣָ֣żϽ˵
Ϸ˵ȴһƬƽɱ龰۾գգ
ֿ֣⸱ӣֻ̾һһӶΪոͣǱӶҪ׸ոˡ
Ȼ뿪֣ҲûҪ뿪ͷվϷ˵ǰ棬ֻߵɱֳ
ȻûжãܵŴͱƣԡѪİɱǶ˽ǱߴˣϷŵΧУɱɱ
ԭٵİټļ٣ϷҲѾò֣վȺ棬Ⱥɱ֡
ڲϵļ٣Ϸ϶ѾˣڴȥĻΣ
ʱǴһ㣬ͻȻ˳ԭ޷赲ɱ֣ͻȻǰлľأͻȻ
Ϸ˽һɣӻ˻ֱһߵϡ
Ѿаս֣첽߹Ϸ˵СȻģӿѾˣЩԭ·Ÿոյܾˡ
Ϸ˵ͷɭķԸЩɱȫɱһ
ǣתҲս֡
ɱһβԣ̾⣬ǱǰУǸûʲôӳȥĻᣬûжñȫɱˡ
ǶѸٵĿʼɨԺӣûãԺûƬǽģ
֣ѾϷϵ˿ڶˡ
Ϸ˿ƻ
ƻѾҵϢ֮ǰѾյˣֻÿ뵽ȻɹȥİôѾµճôһ
Сȷʵ˫ϷҲʮֵТġ֣Ц˵
Ϸ˵˵ͷ̫ŹȻ̫ˣýҲˣٲЩˡ
ֿ֣ģҲ̾һϷæ˴뱲ˣȷʵúúõϢϢˡ
ǰϷЦŵ˵ͷôˣҵˡο治ˣѪϴոˡҲûʲôһֱٲȨˡ
 

ڶʮ 

һո黹ûдƻĶ׼Ż񶼡
֪費һ񶼣ʵһŻȥҲ֪ʲôϾһԻζСʲôġ
ƻһߵϣߣֻǿæţ˭ûп˵
ջ˳Ĭ˵˴һټǲˣƻѵûʲô˵𣿡
ƻתͷһֻۣ͵Ĳ˼ˡ
ҡллˣߡȴǰѻˡ
תͷֱֱĿ˫ۣһЦ⣬֪ҲΪһллҲ֪ʲô
ⳡս֪Ҫãһսװ뿪ģ֮ǰֻҪһĳŵ¶⣬ҲаһЩ
ƻҲһ˲˲Ŀǰò˵裬ûѡ㣬һҵʧ㣬㣬㣬֪ҪԶˡڸ𰸣ҲҪŵ
ΪʲôһüͷȻȫжķҲӲ׽㣬Ϊʲôһ𰸣
ƻ΢ӣ૵˶ǻģ֮˭ܱ֤ʲô
˵㻹ǲңն
ƻ͵̧ͷǵģ
Щ˵飬üͷһ壬ִӣһģֻҾ̫˵ͱˣôԼĽȥ
ĵ׷ͬʱ̲סۣ뵽ͣ뵽һ飬ҲЩΪʲôôûаȫС
𣿡вûѹȣ˵ҿԲҪһŵٸһ𰸡
ƻҧҧһôҪ𣿡
ȻͳżԸеɳƣսĶ˵ҲҪȫУƻô˵ĻԺӣ޷ѹ
ƻЩ飬˳ӣӲ̧ͷһƬ糺졣
㣬ú˵żһ䡣
迴ӣȻŵЦĵȴżֽͼȣöŪķʽЭûκεİ취ˣһܣҲڿο塣
˵ǲңַķ֣˱ڻ
ƻѵһڿˮҪȴһ˻ȥֱײĻһ̧ͷײ漴סˡ
濴̫࣬𶯵һ˿˲͵˳
һʲôˣõĻӣֿɳƸֿΪ꣬¶ָƼ䡣ԼʱȴΪʲôҪű΢
ⴥĵطеԥеķ˲ı
һ׵ĵᣬ˶ЩˣϽջԼ֣ôˣˣ˵ˣҲҪˣʲôҪˡޣޣ
ҵֽԼᣬȴԼӣƻ޵֣ŵԼϣʵԲһֱǷһԲ𡣡ǰǣҲǡ
˵ʲôأʲôԲģüͷøЩҪԤУΪҪܾԼžھ
ƻЩƲסԼãԵĻ˻ͣĵͷҭϲϲ㡣
ʲô˿ϲ˵ʲô˵һ飿
ϲϲ㣡ƻҲֹסǻЩҭ˵
̲סЦ־Ҫȥȴƻסˡ
ϲ
Щɻ󣬡ʲô˼
ƻĨϵᣬһ˫񣬡Ҷкøǲ˵õǰᣬһûϲ㵽̶ֳȣܵĶҲˡ
׹΢΢üѾͷɡνˣѾ˵ϲԼˣ˵ûʲô̶ȣҲһܵ
ã˵ʲôʲôЦ洺磬ƻӣʵô޳ˡ
ƻһۣŵã
ɡЦȫı飬ԺҲˡ
ƻһҲ˼ֵЦ⡣ʵûʲôòϵģ˿̵ģҪҪһչȴǺȷ
Ʈ˴ѩѩĳޡ
վڳǽ֮ϣԽԽԶֿǱѩ¸ûһĺۼƿߣԶһƬװعԭҰӴȥ
ôĽɽ˭ģ
 

ڶʮ ¶

¡һҹѩոһƬãã֮С
ضһˮӳ߳һ·ӣԺɨѩЦŴкͣƻſڡ
߻ûж㽫ˮŵһߣ˴֣䰡
أ
ûվãھʹһ
Ӧһˮ߽ȥ
ɴһֻ˳֣¶һӨ׵󣬿ýضЩƲۡ
䣡ѩˣ
Żعˮŵһߣǰ껹ҪһЩ
ɴеӰһһӰľˡ
̵ͷϸߵһߵ¹ƻ·תͿɴһ±¶һžɫա
ǳ̺֬죬˳˿࣬ճ毺õΡ
ССĴһǷ˳ָ촽ϻдżͲԸС
ӴվʹһҲ˿ʡ
ĳҲǽصһμˣǲܿٻأľ
ƻߵߣù·ɻʵɵվʲô
Ż񣬡ûû¡
ֿһۣƻҲûж˵ʲôչ·Լˡ
ظϽ߹ϵ
ƻŸ첲Լ·˿ߵΣô̴˼꣬񶼵Ķ˼ꡣ
ɲ𣿡ҲЦ˵ǰǳѩʼĶ춼ϼѩ
ƻĵ˵ͷǵ뿪ӿ죬ôһѩһξȻȥˡ
·棬ƻױ̨ǰ˿еԼܾڵͼ͵ǳʶЩ
ĸ˸ԼʱŸոյõϷ˵Ŀ϶һ׷ոԶȥ춼
ʱ춼Ķ䰡һжո𲽣ǾסǸƾɵķϱ紵øޱȣҲŶôȵأ
С㣬ǰϷһƿո࣬˵ǹǶõģСҲԣؿѯʵ
ƻӾпһۣ΢΢ͷðһԡ
ǰͣδԼùȻҪԼһ㡣
ͣ˸ͷĶԱóһûСɵĹӣ򿪸ӵݸƻ
ƻָմһ£ϸµͿͲϣֿ˽ʵû𣿡
ûС΢΢һЦ˵
ƻȡһ㣬Ϳ֣̲סЩգѵʲô鵢
Щĵģеҹһѩǵˡ
ƻ˵ͷ˵ӦǡϵıȴûзɣÿһţѾϰߣҪûõţͻЩġ
Щɣõˡʱ飬ŵһ߶Խ˵
̼ӿϵĶһ򵥵ķ٣ϷΡ
ƻ˿Ȼʮ⣬Ͷųţ߹
ܿȻѾڵˣЦô䣬Ϊ˯һء
˵ĺֶమһƻҲЦ˵
ʱ⣬ƻѾΪһͤͤŮȴûڰܿʲôᣬֻһϸӵضׯ
ﲻһ𣿣
ƻȻѾˣǰܿϰԵĵ˵ıǼ⣬ƻʼնһӡ
ƻӣļͷġ
ܿЦĵ˵ôˣôϲ
ٴҲŮƻ˲ļЦ
ܿЦݸӵĲãżεˣϷǹȥ緹ôĥȥϷô˵㣡
ƻֱ˵ǿȥɣɲĸżˡ
ĸŮЯϷԺиϹȥ·ϷԺеѾߡ
ҴҵʲôȥܿѾʵ
СѾߵͷ˵Ϸ˵·ߣū澹߷˺С첻ùˣūҪȥء
ܿЦǲȥˣһȥ͵ˡ
СѾҲЦūȻȥͨһ
ڲǰûжӵϷһĸŮ֣˵˵˵ô죬϶ѩʲô
ȻЩԹЦȴŴˣɼ߻ʮָ˵ġ
֣ȻƵóЦ˵Ƿ˺СТ˳밲ǿǷģҪū˵Ϸи
ϷϵƶЦˣ⻰û˵Т˳ֿ˿ϵ緹óЩƻԵģϴ˵ԵóһЩ
 

ڶʮ 鷳ĻԼ

Ϸ˻˵ŻߣһЦĸô˵ʲôأ
˵䣬ƻŰܿĸ첲˽
ƻϷЦݶ˴ȰϽֹȥﻹЩԹôô
΢֣۵ġתͷֶ֣˵ȥø¯
ƻЦߣûô䣬ŮôҲһϰ֮ˡ
Ϸˡܿһ߸˸ӡ
Ϸ˶ͷʾֿƻ˵Ҳﶳš
ƻЦЦ˵ĸأĸ׵һТģҿɲš
һ۰ܿϷҲǣҲעԼӡ
ӻûôӻӹ·ڶˡܿҲЦ˵
˵˵ЦЦĳԹ˷˵
ŵʮֵůƻﻹһ¯̲סִ̧һǷ
ӣϷЦŴĶͷѾͷôԽɢˡ
ĸʲôʱҲĸѧˡƻԼĶͷϷǰ˴գͷǲǶҪӡˡ
һĶͷϷ˸ֹסЦ⣬ִָһۣѾͷѧȸ״ˡ
ƻٺٵЦţᵹļͷżֵĽ
Ϸķһ̾Ҳϲˣ˸ó׵ˡ
ƻЦ΢΢һ٣ָԼͷ׾Ͳĸˣ
ϷͷһۣЦںѾͷֻôҲˣ
Уƻ̧ͷңҾ˳ĸĻϻˣ
Ϸ˿ЦƣСˡһԵİܿץɫɫˡ
ĸƻһ
ܿȴҲЦŶϷ˵ǸҸ˺úõĹܹˡ
˵ʲôأƻҲЩˡ
Ϸ˺ͰܿһۣЦӵĻ졣
ƻһգֻһȥ
ģϷϵЦδգ˿ƻһϲ
⼸ƻĵα仯һļĮȥ˸ӵˣҲ˸Ĵݡ绪û˲Ϊ֮㵹
һֱø᪵ĻԼոô徲ȻȢҪ̤ոż
ۿҲ˳׵ˣһԼȴһϰˡ
ҲŰܿ˵⻰Ҳֻ˵ЦģƻһҲˣȷʵòĲˡֻǴӣӦóһ̫ˡ
ܿϵЦҲ˼֣Ϸ˵˼˳̫ҲͰˣƫƫЩ飬ҸլҲö죬ֻǱϾ¹ƻ°뱲ӣͶ˵һ䡣
⻰ҲûСϷ˵ұǲͬģοֻһͷԼˡ
ܿһƻҪԼƻҪһֱȥҲа
ĻϷ˵ҲмɫҲҿǵĲܵӦ㡣
ƻѾתô˵˵ⲻĸ飬㣬ҲҪ˺ˡȷʵǰ취ҲżҲҪżˡ
Ϸ˵ͷɫ̫ӵȷʵѾСһֱæųҲûйϣһȻ߹һֱ̫ƽ⳯ǰˣΪеȨҲҪ̫ӾȢġ
ĸҪġƻȴûаֵĵǣЦȻ⻰˵Ǿ̫˵
Ϸ˿۾һ˵
ƻʹЦҲڸǲе⣬˵ĸͲòˡ
⻰䣬ߵѾ߾Ͷһ˽˵ϷˣˣС㡣֮󣬲˵̫ӵ²һʵĸ٣˵ǸϷ˳ʡ
һ⻰ϷЦƻ˵ҿ̫ǲô׿ڵġ
ƻһջɫҲѾ˵֪ˣȥɡ
ѾȥܿҲЩǵĿһƻϾûбĸɲһʰˡ
ߣƻ̧ͷһۣ΢΢һЦʾģЦŶϷ˵ѶǴЩҲȫûϣ
ϷЦЦȽ㴦ǲУĸĸףǧҪǿϾô꣬᪶ˣҲСһûȢûô׿Ƶģǧϵ鲻Ťת
ƻüҺ˼ֵļ˲Ϊᪿ񣬾ͺٿһĻƿֻռԼԴֻһװΣ˵ʲô飬Цˣ
ĸģŮ
 

ڶʮ 

Ϸ˷һᣬϷּˣĸŮǣ˻ӡ
ƻͰܿϢ֮ԼҲ˷䡣
һֱѹͷĽҲ˳תͷһ۽أûϢ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲ˼ֵĵǡ鵢飬ҲѾˣҲӦϢŶԡ
ƻָ棬͵̧ͷôɵˣȥѰ
һ֮ǰѾźýʹ˵ԭˣʵǵ˵Ұת밵׳鱨
Щ꣬İȻʵ㲻رǿȴһֱڴʤ̣ѾһʳĹ
ƻҲ鱨ĻϣӿΪݵ㣬չ˳Լ鱨
ϵϢȫ˽ؼһ㣬ǽ£趼һĨڵ˭ϢԷ
Ȼ֪ԣӦһתҪȥ
ߵſڣʹӴ˽Ҳżֽɫ
һƻվʵôôŹǳʲôˣ
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ڶʮ ĸŮ֮

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ĸΪλƲֵġƻɻʵ
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ڶ죬ǰܿ·ָ֮ǰӣ˺ĳ緹˭ûϵ顣
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ЦЦǸûȥˣŻûдء
簵ķһۣʱʱõģ˳ǽ
 

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ⲻҲӦ᪵ķԸȻԼһָ飬ǸһҲû¹
ѴϵĶˣٷԸҲҪøҹƻԽ˵
̰ķԸѴϵĶһ裬˵СķԸѾȥˣǱ߻ῴŰģСϢɡ
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ǱϾڶ࣬ҲҪûʵһϾƽµĶȹˡ
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ΪʿУ˹ǣнٶҲѾոׯڵĵط
ӹׯĹӭС˰ݼС㡣
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ԹȻҲһ˲ʧ񣬵Ѿ̵ָͷǣָ˿ʼѳϵĶж
ƻ˵ȻС㰲ȫ͵ˣҲҪȥˡ
ƻ˸ӣһ·г¸ͳУʡȥô鷳СŮм
 

ڶʮһ 

Щ˼˵ããСһ·Ѿлˡ˶ʵ֪СʲôҪµ𣿡
ɴƻһۣ۽Ǵż䵭ºͣ˵ǻ¸ͳתСŮл⣬лᣬСŮԵл
˵ͷȻҲЦȴЩ̡Сô֪ллȥģȻǸЩСһȤ
ƻվׯſڣĿų뿪еͲȥȷԼ˵Ϣ᪵ĶһԼġ
ϵĶûж꣬Թ±ƻƻժͷϵɴ
ԹȻҲһȴܿͻָɱϹϾģ˵Сķ䶼ѾźˣޣҪίСˡ
ƻ΢΢ҡͷ޷ҵֲΪġʵߵô
ĻԹ½ŵɫԻһЩߣɫֱ
̫ӵ´һЩʿټϱصפѾѩ˺üˣԽԽˡô䣬ǽһˣÿ춼ס˺Ͷġ
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Թ̧ͷһۣмֵľȡȻ˹ʵûбϣϾ鶼߹湦Ӷࡣ
û뵽ƻżɫҲǷµģ
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С㡣ߵǰ˹֡
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ƻȴûжٵı飬˵ͷ˵ɶָֻ᲻㣬Ҳһΰɡ
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дţ˴Լһ飬ۺ÷ŽŷУͳȥ
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Ҳ֪֪ԼĿģҪҪ˻飬ʲôӦԼɣӦȷģӦҲûаϹɡ
С㣬ʱˣ컹еæǿϢɡһСѵ
ƻһۣ˵ͷҲȥ˯ɡ
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ǰһ뻹ܾͻȻϮûöþ˯ˡ
յƻŵʱվڿ̨棬ʿ
һűֽЦݣԽϵЦԽһֱָ˽ûðŸһš
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ҲЩĪ˵ӣҲ֪ʲôϢܴСܹƵġ
Ц˼˵ȫ𣿡
ǣֻ˵СϢǿԿƵġϽ˵
ĸֽԼۣȴɺܱ䣬ʲôϢǱϢҪġ
Щε˵ɲҲո̽Ӷ𣿡
Ϊ֪ˣŻʲôãͺһһѹԼʵǸѾ߻ûеƻȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ˣõȵ˺һЩСԥһ˲˵о仰²֪ȻдţҲЩС㣬ΪһҪС¸֪أ
 

ڶʮ 

οСҪȥѾ͸ˣӲͬ⣬Ųȥˡǵ֮дͺͱˡӵ׻ʲôòĵطֽ˵
Ļ΢΢һȻ˵ֻ¡Լ˵궼ɺ̫԰ˡ
翴ֱԲܿףСӦҲܿסȴδӱԹʲôǸѾҲûиϻɼѾʮֵĿݣݡȰӻΪã㵽ҪһʲôС㡣
ЩĿɫЩסʵһֱԼû˼Ҫƻ٣ΪѾ̫ѵ뿪Լ֮ΣգԼж
ǽʣȴֱ׳ĻشûҪ˼һһ֪ʲôˣ˵ЩʲôҲ֪ѾݱɣϣԼİţΥеߡ
ԼֱѾòԼΪʲô
ɫɲ΢΢̾һ£Ŀռ䶼
費ǰһμƻʱ龰̽ԼԼ֡ڰУһ˫ľˣĶԼżҰԣǺڰгûСһ鶯ֲĥ
ֻһΣǣƵԭʲô˵ףɵϢҲܱǰʻ
ȴΪʻеҪݻɡ
˫̾һЩ޷ԼͲܾʱܻ뿪ԼԼκε
뷨ʹҪססҲҪߡԼҪ
޷õ𰸣һھ֮Уߵѹ͵Ŀ£ҽ
ߵľƻ˿֪ܾ֪Ҳûпʱᡣ
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һЩõĵطȼһЩܹȡů
鷳ɻ⣬ЩѾ伫˶ˣһЩѪ¼
ԭһ£ȴ˺ܶ˵ĲԹȻʩᣬΪʲôзݣΪʲôܶһЩ
ֻⱾƻԤϵ˵ıˣ˭
Թܼҷʱ򣬷һȰš
ƻİ취Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪͷµģһһƬˣٸκεĶʹҲǿԵջء
һʮ̣ԱҲ֧ЩҲлЩ˿
ԭʼԹˣȻת˷򣬺޲ðǸµ˸˺ˡ
ġƶȡʮֵЧܿǶοȫ첻ϵģҲʱסģûһ£ҲܵõһЩʲôû˵ˣѾҸˡ
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ƻҲŵ΢Цμ̫ӵ¡
һѣ˵ôʲô˵æһˣЩŰɡ
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᪵Ѳţдżֿȡ
Ѿ࣬ǰ峺ҲѾףǰֺߵˡڿĿŵı¶κĵ׵
ƻʮֵ񣬵ϲûбֳʵôֿչ
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һ˫۾Ʋ⸱ģиһɹɵ⣬֮αô
˵ţ̲סһץסƻ֡
ƻ̳Լ֣Ųֵĳ嶯˵£أ
ᪿߵģеĲҲʧӰ٣Ц˭˲֪ҵδŵ̫˾ǿʲôϵ
ƻиǲʣϽתƻʵ֪ߵôֻ߹˹䣬ǳѾĿģ˱ʹ
ͻȻ˵£᪾Щɨˣ˵ɻţֻǻûлˣֻǰʬ
 

ڶʮ ŭ

ƻûзķܣһǵģˣڵôãôҪã֪Ǳʲôţ
ʲôţаŻôֻǵ
᪵ɫ̳ЦЦǹЩ񰡣
ƻûеĲЩ˼ЦЦԭֻǷĸȴû뵽ﾹһ龰˵к֮£Ҳܿôɣ
˵иֳռҵޣȻѾܣҲֻһ˲ٰܶҪŻֲС
ЩǴŴһ̵ʮֲһûжټʶĴС㣬ֳȻûдȴΪʵ̫ûмʶԲڻϵѴѴʹûָ˼Ǿȴ˵ûк֮£ǲ֣
ϵЦȫϢˣҲ΢Щ飬ʵģ
ƻһ𣬸Ͻͷȴһּ
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ŵģֺһЩᣬû˼ֻˡ
ǣСŮˡƻϽͷС̧ͷһۣȷûɫԻһ¡
⸱ܾһģ᪴ΪۣЩԼôܶҪοһƻʵ
СŮʱҲĸ˵˼䣬ϳٳûвֵӣΪ𣿡
˲üĵ׵Ļִ˵ˣЩ鲻𣿣
ƻѸٵĵͷ˫ֽ΢΢Щһųӣ̬˵СŮֻǴϿһ仰Ϊ֮ΪᡣҲףڰˮ֮УΪʲôȴиӵǮȴûиǮ
˭Щģ᪵ʱŭˣһվ
ֻɻʲô𣡾һɱͷ֮Ҳ˿Ϊ
ƻɪһҲվȴ̧ͷֱֱĿ
СŮԼ˵ʲôڶ˵̫ӵ£ǴδĻϣߵϲ̫ӵĺܣҲȥߵӦ֪֮дߣѾкܶˣǵòƣѵ⸻ĵɣ
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ƻеɪԽԽ٣ֻʣһĨ˶ݵļ㣬Ҳӵ£ЩҪ˵õ¾ѣЩСŮһ΢񶼲һյ·̣ӽ£ЩնסǴٴĽɽʲôã¡
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ɹĲ豭ĻȻֹ豭ϱײķѣƬƬƻһʧĿ᪡
᪱һճȭŵŭЩ˵ȻҲס㣡
ƻ΢ҧ£
᪼ٵĴ£͸۾ƺһʱص֮ǰһϡԼˮæһƳǿôһ˫ӣ·ȴһ޷ǿ
ôˣŮ˴ʲô˼ˣʲôˣΪ˸ѿôţƺܴпֶ⣬Ƕڳӣ
ֻòҲһ˲ʧȥɫʣʧȥЩ
ס񣬵ȴҲƻż񣬡㻹죡еȻг͸ʣССŮʲô£ҪΪռҴС㱾Ͳɱ㣬ٸҶһῳԴ
ЩķӦƻЩ֣ǿеȴ־νˣֻҪĿĴɾС
֮ǰȻ㵥޺ĵȴţȨѬգñһɫˣˣϲŮˣƿظʱȴĵ׵Աõκ϶ò㡣
ȻҲһֻɲһΣҪ˳ǫƫҪ֪ԼǺÿҲűʯĸֵԼҲҪñ˵׼
ֻǿӣƻҲ֪ˣټȥҪԼ鷳ˣϽͷȻû֮ǰɪóʮֵĽţСŮСŮһʱϢŭ
ȻŭƽڣƻѾߵЩϳŮοռҵȷʵãҲֻһŭ鱾Ȳƽϣǣ˵ݺݵĵһۣŭ뿪ˡ
 

ڶʮ 

˳ȥƻԼѾ⣬Щٱ
Ӱ˳ֵݸһëһǵСȷһ£һһЩҩȻ˰ô죿
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ӣ۵СǺαأһ飬αðռŭ
ƻкԽʢмɱ⣬ңΣȻ˽һۣûб裬ˡ
̾һ˵ͷ˵ҸСҩɡ
ƻͷÿëʵҪ
ҪиʮܿѾȫ΢üͷ˵
ƻҲһüôõҩҲУ
˵ͷΪôõҩŲ̵̫⡣
Ҫǻȥĸĸ׿Ҫжʱ䲻ܳˣƻ͵Ͱһ
̾һܾС⼸ƽӣû֮ǰôˡҲûУϷ˺ͷ˸Ƕǻȥˡ
ΪڼǰԼǰôɰɡ
µֶȴǰӵĹȫ͵ˣ״̬лǸĥ͸˼Ǵĵ׾ء
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Ҳع˵᪴ģ
̴ŭԵ޹ΪʲôС㣿
ˣôҶ䶼ˡƻͶ䣬ƽ˵Щŭˡ
ؿƻ͸գƽﻨ˶˼ô˳ˣҲֻ˵ӣ
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ƻȥˣԼŴͷɴصԼķط֮Ҳߵ˾ǰһԼգҲ̲סһơ
ԼֿԣЩ˵ǲڣҲǸһᣬ첻췴Ұζûйϵֱܼģһ·ҲǲСȻûаպûᣬȫһ·ɫ
ڶƻϵȻһЩſƤΧѾȫϣһۿȥʮֵĴĿġ
һ֮¸Ĳᣬ緹ûгԡ
ʹƻҲ㲻ʲôмǹߵûк⣬緹ͳˡ
˴ո˵ĳĶԼҲ˲ٵĶһЩޱľǲҩ
ֱдֻ˵˵ģ϶ļ󻹲ԣһ۲ѾһЩѾ˷֢״п߱ǰࡣ
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սѾ˼ˣҲѾƣļϣҲҪˣʱô£һӰļƻ
ҲһҪԭ֮һ
ƻߵϣ̾˵ע⣬ӵһĽŮ
ΣƻӲҲ̲סݣһűߵϸ˿ϵۣ˵˼ңɡ
ϸſװ׾֣̲ס֣Ůңࡣ
ƻֻЦЦ˵ҲʲôŮҸһͨˣ͸Ҽеĸء
ϸһжµģƻȴЩüԲֱ׷ĸоҲ̬ݱһ˶ԲܳΪ̳ˣֱ̫硣Ǹлʱܰȥĸ赱Ȼ㲻ǵҪǾͻѪ⣬˺Ƭ
˶Ϊ˹мĴƻҲͷſϸˣ˿ΧˣָָԶסլ˵ǸׯӵңׯҲѵġǶ׵ģȻǻЩңֻޣʵǲ
˵ѣҲ֪ҲʧأҲΪǵľ롣һףҲЩȻҪҲ˵ҲֻЩʲô
 

ڶʮ ˵״̬

Ȼƻ˵ЩϵĿȥ˲٣ȻимȴҲ˼ʧǵĹϵ˲١
˵ı鿴۵ףƻɣҿҲ˷纮˰ԼֵĲҩ˳̰󣬴ҪǾòȥȡáסһ״Ⱦ纮⼸ջ˶˰׾ƣĴҲҪš
ⷬ˵꣬ȻлвҲ¶мҩҲܵԣֱӻʳңЩ׾ƣů
ǿȷʵˣȻи̵Ҳû˳¡
ΪƻֶѾɱӺֶΣЩ˶Ѿ֪ûõģ²ܰȵĴ
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Ͼ߶һЩׯҵ˼ŴҲֻһЩСֻ˻ȥһЩ
ոϾһЩڵõǵʱ˭Ҳ
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Ҳһ㣬һԼĶͷ˵£æˡ
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ƻȴüͷҲûж˵ʲôֻǻ˻֣֪ˣһˡҲȥϢɡ
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ԾһʲôطԾӦûⰡѵԼţ
ôһᣬƻͷЩۣƣ̫Ѩ
Ը񣬾Ҳһǳˣѵˣ˵Ŷд
ƻָ˯˲ɢһɶ鰸ǰԼдһһʲСֲ֪±ʣ죬ǽӵһߣ˦һӵī֭
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رŵ˰꣬˵ʲôҲƻˡ
ƻȷʵԼ״̬ԣҲûгǿֻһЩ飬˴ϡ
һߵ״̬ȴò˶٣ԴϴĻ֮ھ飬Ҫҵһƽ㡣
һʼҲû⣬ֱȻŶдˣŷԡҲƻĳ̶һµʶ
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ӳɵĶ˶һ磬ȴûлش
ӣµĴ²ö죬ú˵ͷ˵ⱾӺС˵飬ȻһԸһԸôȥҲǲԵģ
˵죬ҲûΪΪòĻӦʱȴ˵
Ƶ˵˵û
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ȴ΢΢ҡҡ˵˵˵Ļûд㣬ڶֲˣһ޴ķʽٴʧȥ
üԹ壬ô¶أ
ԣԡ˵˺ܶ࣬Ҫʲôȴûҵõʲô˻ô̰ģܻҪ࣬ӲԼѾʲô
 

ڶʮ ͨ

裬Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻܵͷӦһ
ҲûпԹԵ˵ţҿʼʱֻҾͺˣõΣϲҾͺˣϲˣֻһ˺ˣֻҾͺˡǲǸͲˣ
Ӳ֪˵ʲôֻЩӲվ˵ȻǺõģЩصĻҲʮֲڡ
ΣǱȴȻһ䣬ɹâӿҲǿƣԣҾҪֻңҲֻңһϣȥһֽΪݸǶҪҽ֮⣬ɣһһƬգ㹻԰衣ܸɵңҲֻң
翴Ҳһ˲ʧ漴֪ЦǸÿޣ˭뵽ӵҰģԴһŮأ
֮ȻһЦ·𶳽ϵĺ˲ڻˣ۾Ҳ磬ָĵ˵Щߣһ仰ġ
ʲô类һϵеı仯ŪЩ¡
ЦЦֽ˵ƻҡееƻĴԲֲᷢҵ˼ȴʲôû˵˵ʲôЦаſ񣬡˵ƻѾֻˡ
ƤЦⲻЦúٺ֮졣
Ƕ˰Ҫһû뵽һ㡣ЦЦһʵжûоѵˣ
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ัȺΧУܸȦɡ˵һǷеû鲻Ҫҡ
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ǣǲǡֺõЦš
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ڴһ죬ƻԵĻָЩ񣬿춼Ѿˣĥĥ컹ûţ
С㣬ˣԵ㶫ɡضһ˽һǵ˵
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ǽݼֿ콫סˣżֿǻʵС㣬ǣǡ
û£û¡ƻҲż⣬ıʼдš
Ҳһƻ
ƻҲϸĿûп꣬ͷϵѾȫ֮Ѿʼðˣһ裬һҪ㣡
ƽʱȫ죬ͨƪķϻõĶҪƻԼܽᡣɾǸƽʱһģһƻˣ
ȻһţΪʲôҪôˣѵ֪;𣿣
ˣƻߵ鰸ǰдһҳţȻ˽͸Ȼ׸ҹˣ
յŵʱȴЦѽƻôôɰ
һǰһı仯ԭôӪ˾ִôһЦʿǸ磬̻ûпʼ򣬽Ѿô죿
絥ȫ뿴ӣָƳһۣҲ
Цòˣ˵ӣСǱѾرˣ˶˻㿴
Ĩ۽ǵЦᣬϻЦ˵ɵˣٽһͺˣ
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迴˿ֱߵţ̲סЦЦЦֵ̾һ
⻰ͷҲ뿪˴ʣĵװģҪٶǵһ죬
ȥ軹ٺٵЦţۺã
˼˿â⼸öˣǻͨһ¡Ǳ߹ϢҲ֤ʵ뷨Ԥߵ׼ӦԤϵ߿Ҫжˡ
ʲôû˵Ѿ뵽ˣⲻϬʲôһȵؿڣŮôܲϲΪֺ֮η
 

ڶʮ ȷ

ƻеĴʯͷˣ־һϵҲ׻ָ˾
Ͷæµ֮Уʱ䣬һֱû¶ĵعԱҲѲӹأ˲ٵۺʿǼȻЩԼϡ
Ͼ˼ƻոĴС㣬Ҳݷùᣬƻһһлˡ
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⼸죬ƻŬҲ˳Чøɾ˲٣÷纮ҲԼˡһЩٳûкõˣҲͽׯӣ̱ƻ
ĥĥô죬ոĴҲڱ˹
һԹƻʵǹǲԸ
˶û˵һȴӲŲ˵СǹΪ˸ЩտȻոſͣҲһЩҳЩտʵǴСһЩ
ƻЩЦԱˣʵҲôã
Ȼû˵ǳĬһС
ƻЦʵǣ˭ŲǴСˣ
ȻǸϷˣ˺С㡣Ǹ˵
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ǣиеǡǴȴģǿ
ƻЦһǣǵո檣ҲūͣǿͲǴСˣ
Ǹƿˡ
ƻЦ⣬ҽߣҽ֮˵ʴ֮ģҪҽ£ʲôСãƤ˶Ҳһͨͨİգոǣѧʲôǹۿ˵͵ģǣǱֵĺˣһǣǲãȥʰո
ֻǸͷɲϰƻ˵СȻô˵С㲻Ҳֻͨеһƾʲôܾǵȥ
ƻ񣬼ֱһɵӣƾʲôոĹϵʲô˵ˣƹͻƵĹϵҵģҵģŹǮڲֹúøɻϲҶŸɣҲѵŹ𣿡
ǴͷһڿˮЩŵ˵ССĴˣСϢŭ
ƻЦ⻰˵أǲȨѹˣҪҲһ㡣˵ЦݣϿҰ˸ӳȥ
űϳȥƻſʣµˣʵʲô
Ϸ½ʶһ˵
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Ȼ׸ɶ˼Ҳ֪һǲ˴ĵطҲ
ŴûʲôƻǾòȫͲһЩ·ѥӣ֮ģôҲֵܵһЩ
˿Щι״Ķ֪ô֣ǿƻһ֮Ҳѧá
ƻȻͷɴǻϵһɫȻ˵ɡ
䲢ֱֳ˼С䣬ߵȫţһʮˡ
ƻҲûж˵ʲôֻǿЩ˵һȦ˲뿪ӡ
֮ƻҲûæͲһЩߴȵİ׾ƣȻһúõϴ˫֡
ȻҲһģһʼǻףǴ߹һȦ֮Ѿ̵ˡҾƻЩǳĶԣǳĺá
֮ƻֻص˴ãʱʵͨ˺𣿡
һۣĬҡҡͷ
ƻҲ˵֪ҲҪκãֻҪҳܿסҩ
Ĳҩܷܶ࣬ḻԹҩˣĵ֮߱ʱҩȫûãֻһЩձҪԤҪҪֻҳԵҩУ
 

ڶʮ ̬ı仯

ƻҲףҪҳԵ̸ף˵ոҽ¾̫ҽҲһʲôչ
Ѿȥţ߳İȻһϣһˡΪ벻˭ڶʱҵⳡߵҩ
Ȼ֮ûʲô飬ҽȵİȻӦҲӲܵġ
ȻǱ¶ˣİȻʹĴӦˣѾڸ;С
Ѿȥ죬ʱİȻҲ͵ˣҪľǺúõĿסԲ̬ء
鶼ڳźõķչʱԭʵֿʼƮѩ
Ȼ󣬵˵ĿֻţǾ񾪹֮һ㣬ѩ͸е¡
ƻŲƮѩգҲмǡ
Ȼ䣬ܹסߵıôȥǻȲߵıҪסˡ
ּӽӴûֵĿв·ޱոǮѾȫˣòԼĻ
ʵѾֵزǾøûа취
ΪոжһЩҸевҲ׷׿ʼʡ
ǳʲôĿģȷȼü֮øͦ졣
ʹ񻪺Ϊ˿סׯﲡ˵ĲôŬȴǳˡ
ϣȥ鿴˵ͷһѾˡһˣҲġ
ׯ֪Щ˵õǿ˵Ĳ֮һֻšȻƻ̾ͷϢǻз©˳ȥ
вۼׯſҪƻһ˵Ϊʲôúõ̧ׯȴҽˡ
ĳׯնʮֽš
Թڴи۲һƻı˵С㣬ֺαذе鶼ԼϣȻЩôʶ̧٣ͽׯĲ˶̧ȥˡ
Ϊе飬ƻҲûжԹ˵뷨Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ҼȻ̧ׯȻҪǸڻȷǾõʲôʱ򣬾ͳȥƻҲûı飬ֻƽ˵
ǡԹԥһ£˵˶ѾׯˣΪ֪õʲôŲׯЩ˲ǼһҲͰˣвСôأ
ֿ˿ƻɫ˵СѾ˵СЩʮܵĿƶҾĲǽӴؼСǾõʲôѾˡСĲ͵ȥһݣͨͨɱҲдȾ˵Ŀܡ
˵ţҲֳ˿ܾΣյʱѡ
ƻֻǵĿʵڲһˣѾ˵Ľţʮ˶ˣոҪʵ˵˶٣˵ԹµѾµǵõʲôˣô˵òֹʮˣҪɱе˶
С㣬ЩҲׯѽԹЩ˵
ƻиֳ˿⣬˵Թ£ҵ˼ѾȾزǷųȥе˶ΣյУߵ˶˲ׯҲ𣿣
Թ²˲ȻҲ˵ĺеһЩߵһׯ;ò
СȻĳԸǣҽǣߵ˿һ㶼飬кαҪôأֺαطҪôأԹ»˵
Щֲ˿ģô룬ұƻԹ˵ǸͱȽϴһòģġĲ˲ȶסˣбҪǵˣֻҪҵķϸôױȾġΪׯеĹ£ҲҪֵ̫ˣ㶼ׯǸӵĽš
ǿɷǳǵı飬ƻֻøһף˵Ѿһλҽһܸһ֮ǰƳҩʱ򲻽òܹҽΡûеòģҲȫԤ
֪Сһλҽ
ƻشҽȵ½ĮȻ½ҽ
һ½ĮȻԹµɫָ̻һЩ˼Ц˵ԭ½ҽҽССȷʵѾʲôˣѹС㵭ȫϡ
 

ڶʮ 

ԹµĻƻҲ΢΢һЦ˵½ҽйһ֮ԵĶҲʮֵ⣬Ҷ֪ƢŹ֡Ǻôǰˣʽܷ˰ɣӦøλЦ
ô˵Թ¸Ͻ˰˵СˣСҲֻǵСİΣˡ
ǵԼİΣǵİΣƻͲںֻЦЦûлش
֪СôԹֿʵ
ҲֻܳͣҲܸǣЩǵߣֻ˵˲֢֮ƻ˵
Թ»û˵ʲôһԵĽȴ˵С㣬¶棬Щ˾ǷһСȥΣա
ǿһۣҲŵ˵ͷ˵ѽС㣬Щ˾Ƿһ*鷳˿ֻ̳ǡ
ǳǻиõķ𣿡ƻüëʵ
˶ʱͳĬˣƻҲվȥ
Թºͽػһ̸ۣȥ
ſǿƻ˳̿ʼߴ
޷Ǿǲǵ˿һĻѾȫûˣ֮ǰƻľء
ƻҲûΪǰֵĲͬʲôı飬Ͼ֪ˣ˶ٵ飬һеһж˴ġ
վڸ棬ЩߵɨͻȻ˵ҶһȻҪһ˵Ǿ밲˵
˵ʲô㻹ʲô˵ģһʵĸǸһֲͿˣǸͲʲôö
ԣʲô˵ģûйΪʲôҪŴңʲô˵˾͵ׯϣҿʵǰǶɱ˰ɣ
˵ɿӵķŭǰĸοסǡ
ƻİʹ˸ɫǼסˡ⻹ǹԲôβܡ
֪ڵضʮֵķŭҲܰҰѻ˵ףȻҾֻţҼòҪ˵ǸҡƻһЩʮֱ
ЩͲģڽžڴʱͻȻԶһȺǵ˸ǰҲǣھȴһ
Ź˼ǾͿʼڣѵǶ·ȶΪ˭
ǵùˣСôãǾȻ˵ֺαظ·˯ǷԣһֱΪǵͣ
ⳡʹһ˿ʼݱڳȲг֣ƻʵǱǳͷۣ޿̵Ĵһ䣬Ƕ죡
һڳ˶һ飬Ŷ䣬졣
һ˶ˣƻſ˵ׯҲܡȴҪҪһ˵˵ʲôأҴҲǽڹ̫ҽˮƽ⼸һֱЩҽãȴûеȵǸʱ򡣡
ֿʼɧвֿʼСš
ĻʲôèĻҿ԰ʬ̧ôҿһҲΪʬôġƻɷ䣬˵ôһǲĵĻҾͰׯʣµʮȫͻȥǼȻҴĴҲٸЩơ
ĻһЩȻ˭Ҳû뵽¾Ȼĸɴ࣬ɴЩӦ
ƻûҪͣ˼˵Ȼ˵һһ룬ǽҲᵽˣ˵Щ鶼ΪҪǡȻǴӽ쿪ʼ̽ٹӦͲҩҪ׼ǵģҲҪһǻȫջ
һǾȣôҲû뵽ô
ˣָׯſµЩ˴
Щ̶ƻ˵С㣬Ǳһʵôһ£˾ôģҪ£ǾҪǡ
⻰һвٸ͵Щߵϵıһ䣬˼ֵֺãƻ
ʵƻıҲֻŻŻǣǲҪ¡ջв飬ʵ޷ʵʩ
ȻǶѾ֪ˣոׯǡͣ࣬Ķ˵ⲻׯᣬֻ»ӵĻҡҲͬһ
 

ڶʮ ƽϢ

һֺõҲûƻ¶ʲô飬ɨһ֮˵֪ǹĵĸͲôģһֱǡҲ֪һֱʣҷ׷ǹʣΪʲôҪǣȻһᣬҾ͸ߴңҼĸ𣬲ܿ࣬üŮЩӣЩûһµˣȻСҲĸĸײͣ
ֿʼ˵ռϷʴȵģ˵ƻТ˳ģҲСôһСͷ¶棬ҵأ
Щ˴Ǵƽﶼæƣ˭û˿ϵո
ҲһЩ飬־ƾٵЩ˵ֲۣм˵֪ʲôռҿǵһңڱ߹ش̵ľռҵļةࡣةϥӣֻдСͶСŮվľոĴС㣬ǵһҵĵС㡣
һҲ˵ǿ֪մСĸ׳δǱǵڶҵİ׼ң׼ҼҲǵࡣ˵մСѾ̫ӵ¶˻£Ժõ̫ԺյѣЩһӶ
ǣռҴС㲻ԶΪǺùһ˶飬⴩סĲ˵˵ٶٵİ࣬ǾڼҵʱҲܶٶٶϾˣԲѵ˵СҪǣһ˴˵
˵С˶ˣٿƻдֵľأ߷ֵľ¡ȻǶûм˭֪̫ӵָž֣ǶĹϵ˵£ɾͲûгԴˣСܲ
ƻȻҲЩ˵ĻȻǰԼ̫ӰһЩˣ̫һҲá
͸ɴɨһˣ˵ҶѾˣھȥɣôҿһ˾ôġȻɢ˰ɣѩһ˵ʹˣһҪ˰ѶʰǶ˭Ҳ㡣
һ⻰˭ҲˣµˣҲڲ˵С˰Ǿֻ֪˾ôģϾ׵ģҲô׵ۣСȻѾزˣȻС˵ĲС㰡
һߵҲͣĸţﻰⶼԸƻģǹµġ
ȺҲ˰ѸղŴʴʵ˸˳Ƶƻǰ
Щ˵ģһϵûУСɲΪô˾Ĳ˰
ǰЩˣϵССûСľȼãЩһСĳǵĲԣСдһذɡ
˵һλߣ̸ӦǴ¸صˣҲĻʮֵŷһ˵ָ꣬
ƻͻȻһ뷨ϾԼҲޣ֮ǰԼͷɣ⻹мһ¸صˣЩ֮ҲҼ׳ģֵһ顣
Լ˵Ĳ룬ǵľҲܽһЩ̬Ҳ͸ӵȶ
뵽˵ҲһСŮӣʵޡοҲܲռҵ˵һҲͰˣҲռҸߡ
ǣǣֵ̫ˡһͣ˵ǿȳ͢ҲûеۿôѩҲǾú£飬š
ƻ̾һ˵Ҳһˣȷʵһˡ
ԣᰡһԼ̨£̵ͷ
ƻҲͷ̾Ϣ˵飬ʵΪԼæԼģʲô֪̫ᡣ˵ҲзˣĻԺҪҪʲôȥȸ㽲ףȻ˵Ҳȥٵᡣ
һһԼĴȣѽС˵̫еˣɲǶСЩΪʲôŻ𣡡
ƻһЦ˵ͺãʵҲܲ㣬Ȼ˵ˣȥҲһЩ׳˹æô⣬Ǹìܲǡ
úã˵ĶԣȵȥҾЩ˹Сæϲʤ˵
˿̸ôãҲһ
ǻСǸԺиŵģʲô˵߰ߵһһţ˵
 

ڶʮһ ֪

֮ǰЩˣǶܵĹһ㣬ȫûƢƻ˵Բ˵ˡ
ƻһֻۣ΢΢˵ͷȻ˻Ϊ߲µģòҪȷ˲Ǳ˽ܷġ
ߵЩ棬ʵ֪ôƺ
߶ʮֵŷһʣЦ˵Ϸ⼸ӵﳤ
ƻŻȻֲĻôзЩɻʵﳤֻһô˵Ǽӵﳤ
С֪ⶼ̫үΪ˷ôģѾвˡﳤЦŽ͵
ƻͷԭֶ˶٣˵ȻҶ⣬Ҳҽһ£Ϊʲô˰Щ̧ׯôֶ࣬סһһ򵥵˷ðҲͰˣʲôȾԵĲͻᴫȾˣұ㽫ǸҸ뿪ҲΪ˴롣
һߵĽҲһ˵СǰΣնׯЩƫʶ̧٣Ȼ˵СҪǣ
ȻȴҲöƻĻѾ˾ֱֲôһ˵޵ݣ˶
ƻתͷһ۽أתͷﳤ˵񡣡
˵ûȷʵ̫ʶ̧ˡﳤϽ˰˵
ƻЦЦ˵ȻѾ˵ˣҲûʲôˡϻѩҲɢ˰ɣȥ֮󶼺ȵҩСĲҪ˷纮
ô˵˸ж̶ǧл뿪ˡ
ƻȴסﳤ˵¸̸
ﳤȻܣһߵ˴С
ƻ˸һ裬ҲûĴɼҲһģ̸֮Ҳס
һڲ裬ķ˲豭˵ʵղСŮ˵˻š
ﳤҲ˲豭΢΢һЩɵʵС˵ͷ򣿡
ȻĶԼ˼Ҳƻ͵ıҪ˵ԣ˵ͷǵ˲ز٣Ϊʲôòȴԭ򡣡
ﳤȻԣӶűֱˣ˵ʵ˵ʵϷҲǣͷһֱӲʣô͵һ纮أС㣬㵽ʲô
ƻҲʵﳤһ仰֮дߣ
ﳤֱӴ𾪵ĿƻС˵ܰô䣬ôأ
飬Ҫ˸ӦϵĿţûв͸ǽǿҲܱ֤©
ˣƻ˵Ȼ䣬ǱϾÿ춼ȥӴЩʬǰȥ￴˿ҲֲʬڽҲû˹ʡ
ֲСǺҩð׾ӣԭѾˡﳤһƬҰףм⼸ĴӣӼнǧˣھʣЩˡôôò˻ĻᣬҪ𣿡
ƻˣϽ˵ȱ𼤶Ұѻ˵ꡣ
ﳤͷ˲۽ǵᣬȴѾˣƻ˵СǴ尡ҲģСô࣬ҲϷһлܻرġǣϷиǾȳٵĺӣС뿪ʱܲܰǶϣȻûȾġȥۣؤҲܶ˺󰡣
Ļ˵ģ˵Ѿݺᡣ
ƻˣ̾һ˵Ҳˣͷׯȷʵǵߡͷ֮⣬˵Ĳ鶼ѾʱסˣҲ½ҽձӦů֮ǰܰҩҪһҪסϢ˵Ŀֻš
һ˵꣬ﳤȴӳã۾ԽԽʿˮǿһһЩʵС˵½ҽǡ
֪ﳤ˵ûУҽȵ½İȻƻ͵
ﳤ̾ϲȻϷ˵λ½ҽ˵ƢŹ֣ҪҽֻȨвƾеġ˵ѾʧȥٺܾˣСǡ
ƻĵģ˵һ֮ԵҲǰٰ䣬û뵽½ҽҲһʵµˡ
˵ʵ£˭ܱȵùС㡣ȾߵͽԼ߲˵һֱΪ鱼ﳤ˵ųһҾϷ˸лС㣬ѩ֮һΪСƷСĶ¡
ƻϽ˷ǳô˴˵Ҳܼ飬ʲôƷСŮ̿ˡ
ﳤỨⶼСӦõġ
 

ڶʮ 

ƻּΣֻܲ˵飬ã˵½ҽҲ̾
˵£ﳤҲʰԼ飬˵֮ӦҲСˣϷԼӰӦòĵط롣
ƻͷ˵İﳤԤ뷢չȻáҾ£ûв͸ǽΪһˣǶʮֵĿֻţҲ©˷
ô˵ﳤҲмֵǣ˵С˼ҪϷ⣬˵Ҳ
˵ûҾ˼
ʹ˵ʡٵƻЦż˵Լһ˵ʵûа취̬¸صڣҲܶһرϡ
ԼҲﳤЦ˵ԭ¹Լ飬ҲϷӦġ˶ЩɻʵСΪˣ
ƻ˵ȻѾѾά򣬵ҲܷϣҼ˾ΪܹάܼʱסЩĴ˵ˡ
ﳤȻĵͷƻǼͣˣȻûһŮܵڿЩ飬ıĻ£˾жҳ
ѵǴ²ǡﳤ΢΢˸̫ӵ³ֹΪ̫ӣǱСӵԺաҲɨѩ֮⣬Ϊһ飬ûй
һ֮ϵĻϣ˶ĳ͢ȻȲԼǰʮС
ﳤƻԼЩɻĽһ
ﳤ̻عԼӰ˵뷨գʵС˵ʲô
ҵ뷨Σƻһ顣
ﳤ˵ȻãͰС˵İ졣˵վ˵²˳٣ϷȻȥˣ˰Űš
ƻҲվ˵Ǿﳤˡ
Сģʲôﳤڰ֡
ѩѾˣƻɡҪȥȴ˵ʲôҲƻˡ
캮СĪҪܶˡﳤȻƻݣǹ⿴СѾߵò绪뵽εʢݣ˿ɲ£СǧҪעԼ尡Ͼׯ
ƻ˼Ц˵ﳤģûȫ׼Ҳôʵİ˶ӽ
ﳤɣ˵˱ãϷ͸ˡ
ƻ׶Ա˵ﳤ͵طٻ
˵ͷﳤҲмһЦ뿪ˡ
뿪ƻֻԼһֱҲ΢ɣһߵĽ˵طɡ
̳ɡߣдżֳݣС㵱Ů𰡣Ȼİ취
ƻЦЦҲֻһˣԺҲĽͷöˡ
еƣ룬лЩۣ˵СͺúõϢɣ춼ˡ
ƻͷȴ˵ȵ鶼ٺЪҲ١ʵʰķʰ𣿡
СķԸʰˡش
ƻֵͷ½ҽûйҲҪϸɨ½ҽƢŹ֣ò
½İȻԺס֪һЩСϰߣҲǰϰõķ䣬ֻϣܸܵԼĳ⡣
ʱ½İȻС
㾿ʲôʱѾˣǱߵжֲǲ֪
Լǰεˣʵ޿̵˵
½İȻȴһ̿ǰһ㶼Ϊ
ʲôо仰𣬱δУûһҩȥΣͷҲû̧˵
һۣ˵˵ҩǾҽŸֱȥȲˣ
½İȻ̧ͷһۣҲ㼱ʲô
һʵ˵ʲôʱ߰ɣ
½İȻȴͻȻһЦ˿ѣЦмֶ⣬ôôࣿ´Ӳ¶ԼʵĻô,ֻҪǸŮ˵飬ô
ƳƳһۣϹʲô
㲻ˣ½İȻüСӦˣ
ĥĥＷһ䣬ûУҲˣ
½İȻ̲סЦҿ㻹ǱǸС˨ģ
飬ȫûаĲ˼żֵ˵һĴһӣ
 

ڶʮ 

ģĥĻ½İȻһٴ
迴һۣϵı飬ʵ㵽ʲô
½İȻҲɴ˵㣬һҽһѩ
ô˵̾˼üֱһӡ
½İȻȴЦЦҲҽҲ̫ΪǸС㵣ģյˣȻú¡
ܲɥĲЩҩɣüʵ
½İȻ΢΢ۣһӵ񣬡˵ʲôأֻ˵ѩʬᱣĺܺãҿһЩ飬ʲôʱҪ˵ڻҩˣ
ʬҩˣ迴ǿһӡ
½İȻɫȴһ࣬ʵ˽θˣֻƾβܽһ˽ǵ壬ҽѧķչôܹ
ĻҲϵı˵׵飬Ļ㵱ɷӣϻܡ
½İȻָֻƵı飬ֻһ˫ȴ˿⣬ܹҵĹǱճɺ̿ʲôϧ
΢΢ҡҡͷҲûȰֻǵ㻹Ҫ׼ʲô
˵ʵҲԥ𣿡½İȻһʵ
üͷû֯ԣͻȻЦ˵㲻ŰɣҪҽȺ϶ΪȻҪٽ
ЦǰϵģȴûֻǿͻȻûζˣ߻ҲûΪ˴Į͵Ȼ
ҲǣÿһΪԼǰˣڿ籩жеˣ˭ҲᶯҡǶҡ֮ȴûˣǿˡ
Щģ½İȻҲֹסЦ˵ˣҲðһųˣҽϾˣҹղܵˡ
ʲôҪҰæĵط˵迴º͵һЦ
ģ½İȻϵ΢΢һ٣һ߶ѣݣ
Ц˵ʲô顣
֪ˣ֪ˣôԽԽ£Сܵ𣿡½İȻһ˵
㻹űˣ˵ܲܵˣܵ㣡һۡ
˵״̬ɳڣ٩һǶֿѡ
ڶ죬ƻӻѲӣͻȻĶ˵С㣬Ҫׯ洦
ƻһۣҲûʲô飬תͷׯӡ
һãͿһСѾڵϹţԱվԹºͽ
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СѾ߶߶µ˵ūū澣㡣
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Щ̧ͷһֵۣͷлС㡣վ
ƻŲ豭ֺһڲ裬Ѳ豭²ʵ˵ɣΪʲôô
ūūֻ˵ģͣ͵ɸ෹̸˵ûû뵽ôءСѾǶ߶µģ˵ĵǺҲƯ
ƻͷ֪ôأû㻹֪ô鷳𣿣
е𣬵ȴ˲Ҫ¡
˵ɣ˭ôģߣ˭ˣһӣŭ
Ҳ˵Թ¶ѾԺôһ飬ٳͷҲ϶Ҫˡ
ȴĿŵɢҥԣˣһǱҪȻ˭ĺô˭
㿴ʢŭƻϥһǹȥȴ˵ūū澣С˵ʲôū澣СׯôܻǱ˵ˡ
ƻȴ۾Цһ˭ʲôôôģ
˵ûУûūôǣū澸˵д˵Ļ
û뵽ͷͦӲƻֱԼͽҾͿĹͷжӲڿʼÿʮһͷλ
˵ҲĻŵԹԵ
ĳÿһ֣Ǵһʯͷصϡ
ƻʱڿס̧ͷҪڣߵȥͻȻһС£Ȼô̵Ϸ
 

ڶʮ 

δ䣬һӰ˽ˣƻ˫΢΢һУվժͷϵɴμ̫ӵ£
ߵĸǰֻǴû˵ûվ
ƻ⸣Ķüͷ΢΢һ壬һ˿⡣
ڴõտҪʱɡ
л¡ƻֱӣƳһ۹ڵϵ㣬ɫѾ˺ܶ࣬ٿк
񿴹ʱѾ˺Լı飬ֻǹʵ֪Ϊ£
ᪿһԵİ̺ۣ΢΢һȥ˼֣ɵЩ𣿡
ƻ̧ͷһۣЩȣԼգѾöˣл¹
ûʲôԹϵıҲһЩֿһ۵Ϲŵ㣬ɫֱòÿ֪ѾߵʲôȻô̵ֶζԸ
ƻŲæ˵СŮ˵СŮΪѾĴɢҥԡҲ֪ȻȶһЩȴıκ鶼ܴ״̬ŵҲϣ֣Ѿ߱Ҫϳ͡
СǶˣоӣеطԱ񶼸ҾĶЩȫбϣǳԱůʲôȶģᪿһ۲ͬ˵
ƻʮֵĴݣ֪ȻڳԴͰȫѾû⣬ûа취ȫеĿֻţô˼һìҲᱻ޵ķŴǷǳΣյġ
ᪿⲨƶģûɵľðһŭҲֵĻô˵ĸʲôôʲôûƳԼ̫˰ɣѾȶˣҲûбҪڼˣ񶼣
£СŮܾôˣƻܾ̾Ҳ̧ͷ
ȴԽӵߣݺݵһӣôôִбôĹԱһŮʲôҪЩ͸ûйϵ鶼Լϣ
ƻֱֱĿɼᶨ˵£ƻȻֻһСŮӣǴ̤￪ʼСŮѾЩΪԼΡ
⻰ʲô˼ʲôΣüסݣ㲻һҵС㣬ʲô͢٣ӵŭ
ƻֵͷ˵ǳ͢پͲ𣿡
Ҫһ𣿡ŭʵ
ƻЩҲм־ţæ˵ºγأСŮҪԼܵİæһºλ˵¡
Ȼ˵ȴֹסЦǰ°ɣΪΪгЩνĳ͢ٻ̫жôܣ
ҲףжôĳɹֻҪǾһƬ޲ڣôܻôĹ뿪
Ҳûʲôɸ뿪ȻҲׯһ£һЩ뿪ҲҪĨɱеԼй
ȻôִҲȰ㣬ں޵ó⣬Ҳϣ׼᪴żвζ˵
ƻ΢΢ͷСŮˡ
ֿһ۵ϵ㣬Ҫһ˲ô׵飬ӻô׵ıˣǾ˵˵Ѿߵɡ
ƻ˼âû˳Ļ˵˵̫ӵΪ˹СŮİɡ
ô˵̱żֻҵʵʲô˼
ƻķӦȴЩɻ˵ѵΪ˵µ飬ѯʵ𣿡
⻰һɣǰı仯ϵıЩŤһЦԣ£Ҳ㣬ϾϴǲɢҲȷʵЩˡ
ƻͷһ˿ЦԼùǼ٣ЩŲԼɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ϴεСŮԣʵڲӦó״ǵõ´΢һ٣˵Ȼ˽飬ǾãСѾͷģ
ͻȻԼȻǣűˣǾҲѾˣȻŭҲֻ˵С㲻Ҫ˵ЦˣһСѾжı£ôˣѲСԼ©Ҫ鶼ƸһСѾ߲ɣ
ĻһԵԹºͽصҲһйأϾ˭᲻ȥһѾߣǻһˡ
 

ڶʮ Ʊ

ƻϵıȴδ䣬ֻǵ˵ʵºСŮһһСѾ߶ʲôˣȴ͹ԵΪзɢȥŻ֮ĳͻ
˵̫ȱԼһò˼飬Ҳ˵Ѿ߾ʲô飬ǰߡ
Ȼһ˵޻˵˸˼£뵽˶Բߣƻʵ㸮е׷ʲô飬Դ
ȻΣƻȻʵ飬ż˵ʵܼ򵥣ֻһˣΪز̧еģô͹ˡׯˣ˵ģСŮ鴫ȥᣬѾȴ鴫ҷɡ
ֻתͷŵϵʵô⴫ģ
ڵϹôãѾоԼǹϣһ˫ϥĴʹţܵĶ˶ȣЩŤ˵ū澣ūûж˵ʲôֻ˵ˣʮֵѿ˭֪ȥ֮ȫˣ˵Ǳ˺ģɣūûô˵
δÿɷʵǹ˵𣿡
ȻϣͣҡͷҲмֵңǣū澵Ȼǹ˵ģҲû˸߹ūֻ˵
Ȼ᪹˵ƻЦһʵô˵û˸㲻Ҫȥ˵ѵ֮ûи𣿡ֿԹ£ʵԹ£ҽ㶼û𣿡
Թ̵ͷ˵С㣬СѾСķԸ֪ͨеˣ˵ׯ顣ûһһ֪ͨСȷ˶Ѿ֪ˡ
ƻͷȻ㣬ŭΪʲôϻڵ˵Ȼׯ£㻹˵㲻ǹ𣿣
⣬⡭ٵĶţһᣬ˵ūĲ֪СķԸȻūһᵽ˵ģ
ڼȻ̫ӵ¾һ˵ģֻҪϾͺˡ
뷨ƻôܲףһޱ᪣Ҫǰֱǳ룡
ƻ˵֪˵һԱߵԹ¡
ԹҲȾŭ⣬ָѾͷ񻹸˵ѣһСѾ˲˵ͻ֮ұ֪ͨһ飬˲ˣȻԲѵ˵㲻֪
תͷƻ˵С㲻ҪѾͷĹȻôϲ˵۶̣û֪ͨҲһӱ˿֪ˣǻСˮ
ԣͲܳеģȻܾ˵
ƻмѲţҵĲ֪˵滹Ǽˣתͷ᪣֪̫ӵΪΣ
ʱȻĿŵΪ˵ֲ˵Թܻţֻ˵ׯļ£ȻҪԼϡ
ƻҪľһ仰˵ȻĻǾͲòúõĵһˣȥҼˣ㾿֪֪ܸû˰ɣ
Ӧһ£Ҫ߳ȥȴԹ½ˣǲ԰ˣȥǱңֻҪ͸󣬶ǸһģһǳϤ
ýزϤׯҲ޿ɺǣʱ˵Ļǻ㣬˻ǲǹһЩйڵ˹
ƻһüʱţҲ˵ǵ֤ûЧ
ȻҲףԹȥ˭ͲҪԹˣ
ô˵ԹһȻ׽ص̬ôӣһӦҲԼϽƻһۣǿȻ䣬ȴٵƳһ㣬ǳʹɫ
Ȼû׹ȴҲСʲôţҲͱûжԡ
غܿͻˣһµѾߣһν׳Ĵ󺺡
һվôˣҲͷ񶼲ҵҿ
ƻҲûмʣ˰ϵĲ軻ȵģȻðĲ豭˵˵ʵİҸЩˣ̫ӵҶõҲ͹ԹԵĶˡ
᪴ŲĶһ٣̨һƻѸٸֳ֣񶾣
žһĲ豭ŵϣټһе飬ƻ˲䵽˶壬Ҳûнơ
ĶƻŵԳ⣬ԼеڶĿӦǴˡ
 

ڶʮ Ļ

ƻͷһۣ˵Ȼ̫ӵҲʧȥˣǾ͸Ͻɣ
һλϵ̫ӣϽ
᪲ͷİ˰֣ɫĿ¡
ҵԹµˣƻмĵʵ
Ȼ˵֪
ǺƽĹϵΣƻʵ
ǸѾ߿һ۵ϵ㣬תת˵ū㲻ͨĹϵˣƽĽҲࡣ
һڽˣȻٳʲôϵ
ô˵̿һۣȻǷǳˣҲ͵ͷû˵
ǸӾûô໨ˣ˵ūʶ
ƻЦЦֱ˵֪֪ҺԹµأ
ӻΪ㱻ץԭΪϽ˵֪ģС֪ͨǵʱū֪ȴһһҪ˵
ԭƻͷĿ㣬ʵ㻹ʲô˵
ЩָźӴ㺦ңǺҰ!
ӻЩӦãȻֵֻ̿Ŀ
ƻ̫Ѩֱס죬ҽлתͷԺ˵ûдѾׯͽҷй
׹ȻЩھΣǱϾֱƻô˵Ҳ˲١
ƻֿһԱߵǸѾߣǺýʱæƲϵҲһ·ɫһ¸ʰϸҹȥȻ˴ȥ
ǸѾѾ̱ڵϣǱųȥġ
˶ɾˣƻſűס㣬ʵǲ㱳˭
㲻ͣĵͷ᲻ͣµ
ƻһЦûȤˣҲ֪㱳˭ˣĿˣ֪˭ҲûˣҲɱӺǸ۵Ķҵ˵
⿴һӣǼЦһȻ鶼ѾˣҲǶԵһ˰ɣ
û뵽һѾ߾ȻҲ˷ˣ˶ȻģС˽ɣϾ˽̣˵ȥҲȴҲȫһϾ㻹һжǻһӢ
ƻȻʲôסЦ˵ǵܵ˾ͽ´ðɡ
᪵ͷԼߵʹ˸ɫ뿪˹ȥһʵ߳ȥˡ
ǳȥҲˡ
֮ƻĿһߵϣŲů֣ⳡϷĻˡ
һ߽صݸƻһ¯ЦһǻûأһҧϷ𣿡
ƻЦǹҧ
һߵԹȴûôˣֲ̧˲Լͷϵ亹
ƻһۣҲѷɽ͡
֮Թ²Ŵһ˵Сûޱ㻵С¡
ƻڰ֣оաȥϢɣԺ󿴵ʵ㣬鲻ڳֵڶˡ
ԹæĵͷȻҲˡ
˵˵ЪأЩ£Ъ𣿡ƻ˽һۣЦ
ظ˵ͻȻӰ˹
ôˣЩæӣƻʵ
ȴϲɫ˵½ҽǵѾͷˣˡ
ƻһҲʮֵĸˣãѲҩҲһ£ȥܱؿɹһҪ½ҽٶȣʼҩ
غͽӦһҲϲɫ
Ϊʲôƻô½ҽΪ֪йҽߵҩǰƵģȻЩӦԣһѾֹסȡ㹻ʱߣҲһɵӦԣ
дһţ˵һЩľҲѾ᪵
⣬Ϊһֱҡڲ¶÷ǳСϴε֮ҲʵЩǱҪǰģ˵飬Ҳı֡
ŵݵʱ綼ЩȣôСˡ
Ƴһۣ˵ⲻǵøл㣬ջ񣡡
ڨЦ޲øԼһӡ
ӣЦһŶƻԽľˣȻӬͷСȴܼǡ
˰֣ſ֮ҲϵЦҲղסܿóƻдúСģ˵ʱĴʮֵע⡣
 

ڶʮ 

ƺֳƻ鰸΢΢üͷǵӣƮƮġ
翴ЦǸӣֻûһ񺮣Ǳս죬ԼһʣʳĶһֻڡ
Ҳû£˵׼Ķ׼ôˣ
˵£Ҳ΢һ±飬˵׼ĲˣΪ˲˵ĻɣҲĿŵĴɹԵһЩʱ䡣
˵ͷ˵ȷ˰ɣһҪע٣ڱ¶٣ƻǲӡ
סӦһһʵΪʲôӲֱӸСأԼȥ򣬲Ҳʡ˲ٵĹ򡣡
ɵѽƳһۣ˵ƻȻѾΧĿزˣ߹ҲԽжʳģЩҲǶƴգճģʳǱӹأ
ץץüëޱ̲ס̾ϢСƽ￴ģû뵽һվȻôΪͣҲǵĸ
ɣмֵĵ˵ƻԭһػµˣĿǱҪԶĶࡣ߻ֻڼƻ֮УѾϵҪʲôûе֮ǰ뵽ڳ߻Ӱ쵽̬ķչҵļƻͲ˳Уȥֹߵı
ѾȵͶſˣżһ䣬С㵱²ʲôɡ
ô˵ҲûЦƻĲǱͲӹģȻֻ뵽
޻˵ֻñ졣
ȻŹ˵ҲֻҵӢ֮ˡ
ɤӣ˵ȥӽ飬ȸˡ
ӻ֣ȥɣȥɡǿ߳ȥʱְסˣ˵һ£ȥһ½Ƶ֮ҡ
һӦһȻ뿪ˡ
ڶ죬ʱ½İȻһˣҲ̤ڳŴ͵Ⱥʱƻ档
½İȻ´һƻҲЩֲ̾ľͰ˸ˣȷ˲֪öİͷϵɴе㰭ۡ
½ҽƻҲĴ˸ӣڿԼɳֽ͵ǰЩˣϰ̺δ˲üˣ½ҽҪ֡
½İȻЦЦС㲻ö֮ҲǾʶͺãô˵Ҷۡ
ƻЦô겻½ҽԸôԡ
½İȻһԱߵģҲϵˡ
ã½ҽ롣
֮ƻժɴ½İȻ΢΢һϵ˿ֶôҪһĸоΪ̫г
εģƻҲ̲סЦô𣿡
½İȻ΢΢˱飬һģŮʮ˱ȷʵеСȻˣʵЩȡ
һŲôѵĻƻЦøӿֻ½ҽҵ˵ǲǲ̫ð
ԵʣȾˣ䆪ˡ½İȻƵͷϣֿʵ軹û㳤֮Ӱɣ
ƻûлش𣬶Цת˻⣬½ҽҪϵ𣿡
û˼Ը˵½İȻɨ˵һǿƻóһֱĺܺãⲻ󡣡˵ͳһƿҩ˵ÿϴһ׼̺֮䣬ۼҲ
ƻֽӹл½ҽˡ
½İȻͷߣһ˵ҪлҾͰһæ
½ҽܿڡƻ˵
½İȻתͷЩģҪʬ塣
ɭı鲢ûŵƻֻǵ˵ͷ˵ãû⡣
ôȻӣ½İȻ˲ƹͲе˵ķӦ𣿲£;һҲа
ƻס룬½ҽе㱻ȾˣǰҲİ
ҲûԵıֳֻ˵½ҽʵҺܺҲܾȣ᲻ˣûбֳ
˰㣬軹һԣƭ˴֪գ۵ġ½İȻһۣ˵ģҾҪʬ壬Ҫֱѩﱣõʬ壬ҲҪ̫̫С
ƻͷʾˡ
½İȻȴЩüͲҪʲô
棬ΪҲܲµõȻϾһЩҪôСƻЦЦ˵
ǽִҽѧǱ޿Σĸѧҽûо
 

ڶʮ ѹȸ

½İȻϵЦͻȻʧˣֱֱĶƻ˸ŸӵĹâ
ƻҲЩӳĻҲˣͷЦһŵҽˣ
½İȻջߣҲָЩЦ⣬ŵûŵֻЩҲּɻС㵽׾ʲôСС;۽磿
ƻ۹һ漴һЦ۽ֶйϵ𣿡
ûйϵ𣿡½İȻʵһ˫۾ףҪ˸͸
ƻû¶һ㲻Ȼ飬Ц˵ΪûôĹϵοֻ˵۽ҲЩԡ׵ĽܣһΪҽΪΪ޹ʹֻҪҽƳҽߵҩʲôҪûν
𣿡½İȻЦЦȻмֲţǻ˵Ҳãǻݻ󡣡
ƻҲЦЦ۵ȴּ½İȻȻлҪܶ࣬˵۽Ϊǰţǰһ
ССҽ²˵ΪΪ֮£ֿԵľɲ˭еġ
Ž̸˼ͷԼ쳣Լ̫ˣԺǰǲҪ̫дȽϺãҲ΢ֵ͵ӲС
ҡҡλͣׯӵĲţ˴
½İȻ˿ܻ㰲Ļǹ˹תͷƻ˵ҵĶҲ½½ĵϣСܰ׵
½ҽġƻǰһΪ·ɣطªϣ½ҽҪ
½İȻ߽ׯɨһΧĻ˵طûйϵҪһԶĵطҵˣκ˶׼ĵط˫УϾҲ뱻˼ϻܡ
ƻͷһۣϴǡôľȣ׹Ƶģ˵Ѿҽźˡ
͡½İȻֹ˹ȴ˿ζ
ղĻΪ̽ıֵûֿ͸һеӡֻǲ֪ΪʲôװģġװģѾͷľͷǳ˼ˣ
һ·Ҳû˹Ľ̸ƻһֱס˵Ҹ½ҽŵסˣһԺӣסһ䣬ƫ䡣Ѿƫڿˣһ˸ҩ½ҽȡãһԼš
½İȻɾСԺҲмֵ⣬߽ݣƷһӦȫõļֲʧ飬Һܶණܿóµġ
һȦȻʮֵ⣬ƻ˵ȥ׼ҩ
ƻҩǽһĹӣһۿȥĿϵҩ
ЩҩѾˣѾȥһӦþܵˡһ߽͵
½İȻ˼룬ҩŵҲ࣬ܵҲǳ׵ɼ׼
һҩڱǼţҩĳɫͬõģոĲǲС
תͷһƻ˹˵ʵģҼȻӦΪ㵡ңҾͻ뿪ġ
ƻܹϿֵ⣬ϲŭģǿǵ뷨
½ҽҲ˵ӦûﻥҰ½ҽҲڰԼƻЦЦ˵۳Ͷ٣½ҽϢɣǾȻȥˡ
ȵȣ½İȻȴס¶ֵΣ㲻ӦȥЩ𣿡
ƻЦţܲˣοɫҲˣ½ҽϢɣȵȥҲ١
ӣ½İȻмֿ͸ˣԭҲûдϹȥ
ƻ֪ûȥ˵˼Ϊһ·ϴûʹЩ˵Ĳ飬ɼͲϣżҲûã˳⡣
Ҿȸˡƻ΢΢˸ӣŽؾ뿪ˡ
֮½İȻϣɵĿαϣ˻Ĳҩ򵥰治򵥣
뿪Ժ֮ƻЦһԺӣâ
Сôˣرһʵ
ƻתͷһۣû£ȥɡ
֪Ϊ½İȻ⼸ĸˣ⼸̫ˣܾмѹȸСȻܣǾãܷˡ
ϣ;ΥجΡ
μԼֻصǸʱݸеһƣһ˻ߵĴ󺰣еԼͷǱƺˡ
Ȼʹ˻Уͺһһ㱻һ˳Ŀ
 

ڶʮ ֢״

ƻ˲ͱˣƺصŴǸƮĻΪʲôң
ԼĶͷֹȻȫǺϴһֻ³
֮ǰ½İȻĽ̸еĲŻΡĵףһֽƫִͷһıԼˣǰԲٴη
ǾΪƫִ̫⣬ŻһһжᰴǰչĲͿ־塣
һᣬɺãѱӵУŵ¹ƤСһˣѾʲôһˣһʲô
˴𰸣Ҳһ˯˹ȥ
ڶ죬ƻú磬½İȻ׼һЩ嵭緹ԼҲһЩȥ½İȻԺС
ԭСԺһϵʱ䣬˲ˡôģƻȻ֣ǲ⣬Ŀбӵ߽С
½İȻڳ緹̧߽ۿһۣô磿
硣ƻĻһ䣬½ҽĳ緹
½İȻȴ˿ӣ˵ĿΥġû𴲾緹ճ˵㣬ˡﰵﶼڴңܰң
½ҽˡƻӣȴ˿ζСӺģ˾ǶԲԼ
ˣ½İȻվһԱϴֱ˵һ·ɫһӻӣؼǻΪԼ޷죬ǵθڡ
⻰ͺܲˣƻȴЦЦĻҲ֪ҵĻ׽ŪһȤ
½İȻһǻһԡ
ƻЩЦˣӲ˵½ҽ˵Ц
͵Цˡ½İȻ磬˵߰ɣǺż𣿡
ƻҲûٶ˵ʲô鶼ԽԽڵģ¡
ܿǾ˸벡˵ԺӣΧ׾ơ
½İȻȻҪˣڿᣬ׾ƣ
ǵġƻͷȴҲûжԣϾð׾ɱ飬ҲòŽ͡
½İȻһۣ뷨ܺãһȥдһҩÿհҩ֭ھѣҲ˵
ҩȻˣƻȻֵ˵ͷ
ҪԺӣȻͻһ̣ƻһôһ½İȻǲףǺܿҲͨˡ
ЩĴһֶƻһ䣬Ĳá
ƻҲֻЦţ⸱쵼Ӳļƣ˵ʲô
Լװ֮ǲ߽۲Щ˵
⼸ʮ˱˽ߵƫҲѾסˡǿƵĺܵõûһȻҲв̶ͬȵĶ񻯡
̤Щ˿ʼ½İȻϾû֮ǰĵȻ÷ǳרעҲƽʱҪӵϬ
ֻվһ߹۲һᣬƻΪ׶Ρ˵ָһһֱԣɫ㲻˵һ׶Σ֢״ͷ纮ơ
ָһˣ״һǺܴ󣬵ȴȴѾܲˣڶ׶ΣԼᣬȴʼգҸղʡ
˵ָ꣬һڴϵˣ׶ΣѾʶҲʼһЩáҲʼ𻵣Ѿ˿Ѫ֢״
ƻˣȷʵǲصĹ̡
֢״ͬ˸뿪̶ֳȵ˴ȾԺǿʱ͵һ֢״˵õĲһˣ໥ȾֻӰ⡣½İȻֿٵ˵
ƻһѾ͸Ϊ׼ȫôû뵽һ㡣
ת˳ȥԸ̰Щ˰ս׶βֿͬ
ڻصʱ½İȻѾߵһ˵Ĵǰÿıӣ쿴ϵôǺƻƵһƬʵЩġ
ƻûйȥֻվһߣŰһЩ˸̧˳ȥ
Һ˻һ׶Ρ
½İȻͻȻ̧ͷ˵ϳ֮ǰ᳤ЩּƣһҲϣγô
˵ƻҲ׹ҪסֻҪסƾͿˣ
½İȻͷٲˣȴҲֻܿסѡ
ֻҪסܸӮʱ䣡ƻȴֹۺܶࡣ
½İȻȻֻ¶һ˫۾ҲܿеĹ⻪Ц⣬˵ûʱ䣬Ǿͻӵһֿܣ
Ӹ벡˵Ժӳ½İȻ˶ԼУƻҲûд˴ԼԺӡ
صԼķ䣬ƻհſ꣬ؾ߽˵ﳤˣҪС㡣
ƻպãȥ˴á
֪ﳤν°ƻҪﳤЦʵ
 

ڶʮ Ż

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ƻЦЦô޿ɺǣȻ˵ʲôĽչȴҲǰס飬˼һʱ䡣
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ڵֱӰ쵽ƻȻ뿪ȻҪ½İȻ
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̫ˣﳤһԼĴȣ˷ܵĶ˼ꡣ
ƻӣڴһЦ
ﳤžԼ˹ͷˣϽ˵ϷʧˣЦЦ
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ƻһ䣬һӰ˽ʵʲôֵø˵飿
΢΢һУƻվ񣬡̫ӵ¡
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СִӵﳤﳤϽ˵
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ܺãʵ
ƻҡҡͷСŮҲǺ
һ̫ҽƣҲвҩҲ˸͹
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ƻҧЩοѵͲ֪һ£
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˴һ棬½İȻ̴ϵķ̬ϳ˵ݣȴûмȻ֪ݣɿſòףһͲʲô֮һƻ
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СųۣǺż֮󣬰ݼ̫ӵ¡̫ӹ˹֣˵
 

ڶʮһ 

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½İȻɫ䣬˵С*Ϊׯﲡ˵Ĳ顣
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ã֪ˣԺһ˹ȥʲôȱҩģһɹƻ˵ǰʾ뿪
½İȻȻף˼⣬ȻʮֵĲˬǵ˵ͷС˸ˡ
֮̿ƻϣסԼݣƽϢ֮֮ĻԼҲճ̣Ҳ֮ǰʲô߰ԣ
ƻ֪˵ʲô˵θڵĻΪҪ½İȻ뿪ɲ뱻ΪǵĻ
ʹ뱣ֱϹ˳ֻҲ޿̧̣ͷ΢ʵ̫⻰ʲô˼˵ʲô
㲻ҪװɵһĻžȻ㣬㿴ղǸӣһ˵ģйŮһңûŻᴫʲôԣһ˵
ƻӵߣŭŴеĶˣֻЩ˼˲ŻǲνЩԣ
㣡ŭ䣬ȻҳԲѷΪȻҶײ
ŭƻ˿ңȴѾ䣬һΪ˭Ϊ˭ҲΪԼû飬б粵ɣ̫˵ֻǶ裡̫ڲѻǾ֮ǰңҲԼ̫Ӻδݣ
һҲ᪸ӵգ͵һӣȻҶôСУô˵˲ɣһӹһѵͶˣ
ƻЦһ۾Ϳǿиɵģһ˿ӡ󳹵ʧӰ٣̫һ飬ոĻţҴĸҽֻʲôŮһң̫ûн֮ǰҲﳤ飬Ϊʲô̫ӵû˵ֻҲ֪̫ˣ˵ֻΪŴһӣ
˵ȡ֣ֱ᪼ըˣָԼŭ
ƻȴӵ侲˵ûô˵ֻϣ̫ףһ仰ң㣬֮Ĺϵ
Ȼвؿھҵţһͨ죬öˣ֮ĹϵôΪռѾΥȨˣ
ƻ̲סһЦ̫ҵ˼ȴѾ˼˿ɱ⣬ѾʧȥǣֱɱͲô
᣿ôãζҶԱ񣡵ǽҸ㣬ԼǸʺ㸸׶µģ˵һ֣ոѪɺӣѾЪ˹ĳ̶ȣһ˫۾Ѫ˿ݺݵĵһƻֱӻ뿪ˡ
ƻ뿪ӣеɱҲأ˼ס׷ȥɱĳ嶯
һжڿеĽ˳ƻһˮСΪôֵ
ƻ̿һۣھҪѵǻס˵ߵĻϲǲӦá
һڲ裬һߵϣȶſڵҲʥˣʲôûиô˵Ϊסѵҿ𣿡
ȻѾûŭ΢ýͷҳ
ƻһ˵֪ҲȰңΪȷʵֵ㷢ҲҵĲԡ
Ͻ˰֣µĻͲ׵˵ȰС㣬ʵֻСˡ
ƻֺһڲ裬˵˵ˣʲô½ҽǱһøϽȥһˡ
˵ǹ˵һʳѾˣǵѾ׵ˣǿҪǣ
ãƻҡҡͷǳַܻţΧбҪźǽͷ
ǣˣǾȸˡͷһ֣Чʱڰ
ƻҲվ½İȻСԺ߹ȥ
 

ڶʮ ҩ

ƻ߽½İȻĺһۣǸʲô⣬һ߸ϵģ˶ģԼˣҿߵĳë
ƻԭѾƽϢŭִº͵ЦҲϣ½ҽڸұԹ𣿡
½İȻ΢΢һüˣ
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½İȻȻЦı鲢ԣǿóϵЦ⣬һƵƻǰ˵һһʰôҵģ
ƻһۣ½ҽֿúܿİû뵽ҽ£ȻôõӣһϷӣԺϷ̨úΣ
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Ҫڲҩһͷƻ˼ʵ
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ƻɫҲ·ͬСɣҶڻҩķգǺ֮ĹϵʮֵĴһ£֮Ҳûʲôοԡ
ǴֻܲܰκãҲЩ½İȻܲ˵ľЩĶǵ飬΢䣬ֻǾĲˣŻ
ƻһۣҲӣǸ˵ЩҾֱ˵ҵľΪҩԣǱҪõ˵׼
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ƻЩεҡҡͷͻȻһٵʵҩܷܲЧĿסߣ
֪ʲô½İȻһ˵Ҳֻˣܿס߲ҩҩҲһҩô˵𣿡
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ƻüôˣ
½İȻӻͳһҩƿҩ˵֮ҾǸǲôգ⸱ҩ裬ճ¯ġ
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ƻҩˣ½İȻҲ֮Ÿƻߡ
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ƻ˵⣬䶼˳ĬУΪ봲֮ɴ赲ҲеĿÿ˵ı顣ҲȷǶ˼
Ĭʱ䲢һӵ˵һ⡣
ƻ˵뽲
ԥԥ˵Ĳ𣿡
ƻһ½İȻ˵ǵģ½ҽʮƶ顣
ǣԸ⣡¶ֵļ㣬ҲЩ˵ܿסǲҲ飬ƴһԣ
˱ĻɿҲͬҩȻҲ˲ͬ⣬Ҳгֹ̬ȵġ
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֣С㣬ˣʱСôľչǣѾ֪ʲôطˡҩˣֲҪǵҪҵҲֻǱСĶˡ
ô˵һǺúõĻŵģƻ˵
½İȻɿģеᣬ˵ˣǽ飬ھȥҩڼҪҲü
ƻȻҲ֪飬ǱҪɿҲܺܺõİǵģϾûмôԡ
 

ڶʮ ɹ

½İȻ뿪֮󣬲ʱͻˣԺſڵƻһ̣½İȻֻص˷С
½İȻһҩݸ壬˵ѾĿǰ뵽õҩˣҲûʮİգá
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½İȻȻĽӹҩ룬תͷԸҩ˵ʺ䶼вֻ࣬һ˵̫һҲбҪҩһǾ仰ãٲҪԼڵ飬תͷԹޱˡ
⻰ȻŴ̶ȷʵôһˣҲ˼ҩȹˡ
½İȻźÿ룬˵ҩЧҪһʱܷӳЧҲҪϲܳǣǲõģ˯
Ȼô˵Щҩôܰ˯ǻǵ˵ͷЦлżֵĸм
뿪Ժ֮ƻ½İȻҲЩأû˵ʲô͸Ի˷䡣
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ڳ緹ƻҴҵģЩΣôⷹǲ˺úóǲǣ
ƻЦЦ½ҽĻҲһЩΣ
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˾ôҴҵĸе˸벡˵Ժӣһ﷿䲢ûпˣҩ˶οڴţ߽ЦŴк
½İȻûʲô˼ѣǰȥһһ۲Ϻ
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һᣬ½İȻ̧ͷʴ˵ϵĺо𣿡
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ۺŷУʹ˽˵
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ûãʹ˽Ц˵ĵºа
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ЦЦҪĴǱսپҪסǵָߡֻҪûָӣضҳһšǳ˻ΧϣսӮ
Ѿ˸޴εĽǰһһӮֶĶջʵ̫ˡ
֮˼Ҫ󣬽ȫûɵͬˣ⵹ַһЩ
 

ڶʮ ҩ

һ˵򵥣Ҫʵȴס
ȻазˮҲĺŲӰ˽ճһļթСˡ
ս֮Ҳͼɱճȴ޷׼ȷжλãҲ֪һ
еʱҲߣͷԡ˺ܴĿòƻȻҲܸ˵ʲôɱճֻ˵Ҫס
ȻûͼȥѰҹճλãҲ˵һҲֻճ˻ôܾô׵ˡ
սϣ˲Ϣ䣬ֻҪնճ´ָս䣡
뵽˴ʳָĵ˵ӣֻҪսӮˣ˴ϢĻᣬһ;ĩ·һսһЪ
ӿ˷Ҫȥµսˣ
ȻֻƻǴĻУᵽ˲ͬѰϢ
һ۴ⱻŨֵ磬˫һУѾս䣡ҲβˣΪս³͢ŷĴһս½ǨŭճΣǻжΪ͢ռҵĻڡ
Բ鷢
أȥ½ҽѸٵպţȻԼ˵
̸ʲô飬ôż
ɵţȥæֻܿţҲڰġƻ߱˵˵һʰʰҪ½ҽﳣס
ЩΪѣС㣬˵Ǻе½ҽͬ𣿡
ȥô֪ͬ⡣ƻ΢΢һЦдżֵڱصá
Ȼյ½ҽԺӣǰһƻʵҩ𣿡
ƻ̵ͷϣ
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ҵǣƵ׶εҩ½İȻܶУһʼͲȫûͷġ
Ҫҩ
һ죬½İȻҩеһڵҩ֭Ƶƻǰ˵
ƻϴżأż˷ܣҪĸ׶Σ
ֻҪĽ׶Σ½İȻ˵Ҳ⼸˿˷ܡ
ʵڵģȫǷݣ˭ǰ컹ε½ҽ⼸첻ҪҩֻҪйҪԼĹʣΪڱ仯ЩʬҲŲ˶á
⼸һһתûʱϴûʱԷûʱ˯ŬҲ˳ɹ
ڹȥƻ½İȻ˵ҲԸԸڣЩ״صҩҲΨһһ
½İȻ˵ͷãǹȥɣ
ƻһۣȻϢȽҲҪʱ̹۲첡˵Ҳû
˿ٵĵ˵Ľ׶βסķ䣬һűǳĳй߸ˣѾʧȥʶеѾõĿòˡ
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Щ˵Ǹأʵһ۾ܿΪõĳ̶Ҳвͬ
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⻰½İȻüͷжôգ
ƻȴûõ˼ż⣬½ҽΪأ
½İȻһԥ˰λǳӣҩݸʵҩ𣿡
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ƻףȻѴɢŶ˷ӹҩ룬һһι
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Ϊ˺Ƚȥٶʵ̫ҩ˹ʱƻҲֻǸոհҩιꡣֽӹι
Ѿγʵϰߣҩιû˳
ƻιҩ֮վҲûж˵ֱȥð׾ˡ
½İȻѾ˳˵ҩЧΣҪϲнȻȥϢ
ȻȥɡƻЦЦ˵Ҫϸϸµż뿪
½İȻҲףԼ뿪ˡ
궾֮ƻҲûȥ½İȻֱӻصԼķ䣬ĸ˵ĽӴԼҪ۲죬ȾҲûвĽ׶ΣȾˡ
 

ڶʮ 

˵ϢƻһҲƽһֱڽڷȥܿƵһֱ룬ʧô죿
һ˵ʧЩŬͰ׷ˡһȴ˵ʧǾʹͷʼͺˣбҪô
ȻоʱĶǳǸóĽǳˡ
С㣡
һߵĽƻһߵſڣʵϻ˵ֱӸҽ
һĬصż˿ʣɹˣ
ƻҧһ´۽Ҳ΢΢ʪˣòסԼ˵ãܺã
ֻǡȴ˵½ҽ˵ҩЧЩĽ׶λǻĿܣҪ
ƻЩص˵ͷַֽظֿ˵û£ĽѾǳˣҲиʱˡ
ǣ½ҽҲ˼ҶܸˣмֲȣЩǵ˵Сô
ƻһЦҺܺã˽ҲܰϢˣѾҩҲõˣȥϢɣ
ãаţСҪǲһС˵
ˣˣȥ˯ɣƻѾߵ˴ߣ˵仰ʱ򣬱·˴ϡ
ʱЩۻˣ׾ӹˣЩסˡ
ûжñ˯˹ȥǵڶȴûܰϰ𴲡
һʼػҪϢ˵ԼʱһһĹȥҲżˣǰȥš
С㣬С緹Ѿ׼ˣ÷ɣ
һ˵˼飬ûһĶʱͻֽţʲôܽĻҲ׵Ժ󣬸Žȥͱ˸
ʵĿˣ½ҽС㣬С
½İȻҲʮֵأģȽȥǱȸ
ȻҲŽȥҲ֪ԼǽȥҲﲻʲôæҪ鷳˵ͷ˵һߡ
½İȻߵƻĴߣһɫ֪ȷʵˣϽ󣬲쿴
Ķƻһ˿ɱ⣬ǿ½İȻ֮ɱ˲ʧӰ١
һԼϵָ΢΢Цˣ
½İȻûлش𣬶üͷļ
ƻҲͷ壬ѣθ̳ϵĴԣͷҲ΢΢üͷ
Щ֢״纮ȻǰҲ񡣲˵Ѿˡ
һᣬ½İȻջԼָֻŵüͷûɿ
⸱ʲôƻмɻֵĵ˵ߣҲҩ𣿡
½İȻһۣõĲߡ
ˣﻹһأƻһۣҲżֵЦݡ
Ҳ˵̫磬ȻߣҲòȥ½İȻһ˵û˵һ仰زôȥӳһ챻Ϳգ
ƻһ漴Ц˵ûزһԶأ
Ȱ㻹ǵ£½İȻɫȴʮֵ࣬ҿû˼ôأССôڳӣҸôȥ˫ʮѡ
ƻȴֲּţ㲻Ҫˣأûûֵôܻ˫ʮ㻹Ϊǻأ˼ǹػĻˣ
Ǵ򣡡½İȻֵŭǿҺܶķҲ˵ô࣬ҲŲԼѵͲһ룬ڲʱо左񲻼𣿡
ƻӣȻٸЦҲм־ɲ
ǣôܽ˵úܶûдô˼ǹأǰҲҲǻáһǰʱҲŸոնʮһꡣ
ϵɫ½İȻ֪Ѿʶԣһ˵Ҳ̫ģڻû˵ֻҪúõĵµġһдһӣһ꣬ضǿ
ƻȴûӦȻûִйʲôҲûǰƴƴĴĥԼԼڶҲܳɣο˯ȻƲʮֺãҲܰ˯Ϊʲô
ǾֻһֿܣһѾʩӸ׼ϷŪĿܡ
ҿûܾǻʮꣿŰ뷨˵˳
ǲ𣿡½İȻüһһҽĽţ浱Լǰ׽еģ
ƻȴžɣ֮΢΢ӣ΢΢һЦǱŵˣ˵ҲеӦúúõĶԴԼ塣
 

ڶʮ 

Ļ½İȻҲЦЦ˵ôͶˣЩͺú˵鶼ҡģҿô࣬ҲΪɣ
ƻĵ˵ͷ˵㲻Ҫ裬ᵣġ
ŵİɣ½İȻȴЩͬ
ƻ˵Ҳ֪Ҫæ鲻˵ҵһŰɣԺ˵Ҳ١
½İȻһȴ˵Ⱦȶˣ˵ɡ
лƻЦЦЩܣ˯ˡ㲻Ҫýǽˡ
½İȻҲվ˵ǵȰҩ㡣
ƻ˵ͷЩı۾½İȻת뿪֮ȴ۾һƬɡ
ϸ룬һ·ȷʵǰҪ˸ΪԶǰӵĶ࣬ҲǿԼҪø࣬øԶ
ټ֮ǰӿһĵӣҲǴӴ֮Żż񲻼á
ӶĸţǼ⣬ⲻһɺϰˣɲܳеǣΪ޷͵ġ
ҲƲסȥ룬ĴԽʼģһֱϷŪĿһ־ڿ
뵽ЩƣЩı˱۾һǿԼЩг롣
ô۵ˣοһʼҪıԼˣѾı˺ܶ˵ˣܸıµĸ֣ΪʲôͲܸıԼģ
ѾһըҲѾ½İȻʶˣҽúóҩעرԼ;⣬һսʤˣ
Ȼе˼ӣ壬ȴ˼̫࣬ûж˯˹ȥ
ԺкιһЩƤʵ̫أ۾
оԼ̶УŢԽԽ
һֱ˵ڶ賿һ׵ĳ˯˹
δ۾ߵȺ˾ӿ˹۾˵һ
С㣬ˮ𣿡ضĴߣƽ
ƻգգ۾ʧ۾˽㣬ɨһȦΧ˲ŵ˵ͷ
ظϽһˮССڵĺȵˡ
˯˺ܾãʹ˯ƻҲʮֵĸơ
ãһѡվһߵ½İȻ˵ǻˡ
ƻ૵һˡ̧ͷʵ˶ô
û¡½İȻȻЩΣǸġ
ƻֿŽأ
ǰһСģһ˳ҲȫˣӰ
ǡƻɿмֹ
ȴ˼ӻͳһţݸǹӵš
ƻһ۽أְӹҪ򿪸ȴ½İȻ˹ȥ
ЪһЪʲô鶼ܣ˵ҰţȵЩ͸㡣
ƻһۣȻЩҪҲģֻǵ鱨ԴҲǿš
߿ס飬𣿡ֿŽʵ
̵ͷȻ
ƻĴһʵﳤǱأ
Ѿ͸˿ڷ磬Ҳ˵۹ȵ顣
ƻͷòʲôҪ˵ĸĸ׵ģʳ˵ˣ
ѾټǵҲûͷӦʮֵİȫ
죬ȥ½İȻڱˣ˵ܲܲô࣬ӣ˵˼ǹˣ˵ŻѪҲĺŲţ㻹˵Ļأôȥһӣ
ֿһߵĽԼûһǲǣʲô˵ʲô˵֪һߵ鶼˵˲͵ˣһһʣǴ𣿣
˵Ǻһĵͷ
ˣôƵġƻ½İȻ˹
½İȻñֱŭĵ¿ηΣΪԸ⵱أҪպɱңѹͲˣҪҸţ
ˣĻи½ҽӡƻЦЦҶףҲûԼ忪Ц˼ֻߵܵϾǻһʮָӵĻС
ͣ˼˵ңҴҺһͻ񶼣һһжҾͲץסѱĻᡣҲܻظúõĵ
ȷʵҪá½İȻͷ˵ҲȰ˵
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻôģһ˿ٵʹõĸԸֵཻѡ
 

ڶʮ Ȩ

½İȻΪƻ壬̶̵ͻָ˴롣׻˵ɽʹѾָһЩƻľȴǺܺá
ýͽʮֵǣǳ˺úõĵԼָ½İȻҲûʮּЧķ
ܲƶأĻʵڲʺǾϻ񶼲С½İȻ˵
½İȻ룬˵ǵƶҲûж⣬ֻǰڵľ״̬˵᲻Ĳ顣߲ߣԼȨ⡣
½ҽ˼أʵ
½İȻһ۸ոջţѾ˯ȥƻЩεҵ˼Ȼһʱ䣬ɿ״̬Ҳһ顣˵Ҳûдһ˶ʮֵΣգҪǾ뿪ԣҾһȥ
Ȼϲʤ½ҽУǸٺò!
ǡ½İȻһۣ˵Ҳ֪ҴеҪĿģҾ뿪ҲҩջУԲεżҲҪҼʱ䡣
ͽػһۣһЩԥ
Ǳ߻֪С飬ûͣԼļƻȻԻȡǱߵĽȣһʼƻ뿪ܹ黹³ɡ
飬ǿǲܾǵС
˵һ룬ƻͻȻ˵ɣʱ仹ܵȵġ
Щ˵ˣ̶תͷ
㲻˯𣿡½İȻ
ƻ΢΢һЦ˵ҳˡϳӣ˵βҪЩӣһʳϾҪڿЩҲòôַ࣬һЩʣµĻҪáټҩҩЧҲȶҪһЩʱ䡣
תͷԽ˵˵飬ǱһЩʱɡ
ǡСϢɣǲﳳˡ˵꣬ͽһ˳ȥ
½İȻ˳ȥ΢΢ҡҡͷƻ˵̫ˣûͻʧ˷ִ硣ŵϣоܽˣѹ˼ǹء
ƻһͲҪٶ˵ˣߵ˶д⣬˵ֱһͶǼӡܶʮ߸ҸԸֻҵķԸ¡ôˣҲǸʵԼˡ
ߵ˷Ķôأ½İȻдż̽治֪㵽׾ʲô
ƻһû㣬˵ʲô㲻Ҳ֪ұԼĸ׵׷ɱռơ˵Ҹôűˣ˵˼ǹأ֪Ҵһʶƻ˽֪ռҵŮôһ߹ġ
ЦЦЩƣɻصϣҲУһϳɣڴǾ֣˭ʵҲ㲻Ҫ̽ʲô̽ʲôҲǱһߵ˽졣
½İȻüͷ΢΢һ̫ھΪʲôôˣ˵ģľǲѾ˵˵ĵ¡ˣôܻ˼ǹءε̽Ҳȷʵ̫ˡ
ȻǸ⣬ǿƻѾϢҲûдţת뿪ˡ
뿪󲻾ã۾ƻ̾һ
֪½İȻһֱ̽Ŀʲôȴһֱرܣϣղŵ˵̽뷨ȻͷԣԼǳ¶š
˯˹ȥ
ڶ죬ʳѾ³ǵҰУҴƻɹ壬߸ϡ
ƻ˵ͷȥﳤɣҪ¶ٵʳܹǳŹ졣
ǣﳤһֱʮֵ壬Ҫ̽˵
ƻڵҲ֪ﳤǲεˣҵ״ǲ֪ġӦ֪ҲҪҵͬ⡣
һӣ΢΢̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ㣬ֻǾҲȴǷһȨȥһЩ飬ԺֻԽԽ࣬ûͷۡ
Ļ֪ǸǸϲСȻˣԼṼƻΡ
Ӧ㡣ƻЦЦ˵㲻ǻм𣿻ȥ֮ܰģʹߡôҲˡ
Ҳ¶Ц⣬˵лС㣡
ˣûб飬ȥæɡƻ˵
֮󣬽˽ϴϲЦݣС㣬ϢмѾȫΣˣϵҲ඼ˡ½ҽ˵һҩ׳ɹˡ
 

ڶʮ 뿪

ƻҲ̲סֱӣȻʮֵϲ̫ˣҲҶ½ҽһࡣ
Цŵͷ˵½ҽ˵ֱߵѾˣźܿǾ뿪ˡ
ƻͷϣҲҸһҲһƺǧ֪һЩʲô顣
ʵҲǺ˽ʲô飬ҲûжѯʣֻǵͷӦˡ
죬ƻûм½İȻӰ֪һæµ
ԼȴеĿҪˣҲѾȼ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬վڴǰվһᣬ˿ů⣬ߵĽ˵զżȥׯĲˡ
ȴЩΪѵ˵СҪľƣǾ͵Ժɹɹ̫ɣչչҲСȥǱ߻˰ɣϾҲûȫָ
Ѿ˺ܶˣǵ߲Ҳǻʲôõĵġ
ƻһֱۣߵ¹ǰ棬Լ硣
ظϽǰסС㣬ѵþôãūҲ㲻ˣǻСܱصԼ壬ôðյ飡
ƻʵûҪÿ˼˼˴ϣǲ½İȻģ
򴽣ǡū澾ҲΪСãūʵǲԸ⿴Сٲˣ
⻰ƻЩ뷨ƢǻһΪף˵ȷʵʮе
УУ֪ˣҲȥˣȥԺɹ̫ƻվһѶ磬ԼŽأû˵˰ɣ
ЩЦãֻܵ˵ͷһԵӣһ˳ȥ
ɹһ̫ƻЩ˯˵˵ŰȰ˷䡣
ƻڴ½İȻʹ˽ƻӣ˵ľѾ˺ܶ𣿡
ε̾һƻֻʱɢ˯⣬ǻûſ˵ȴ̲סһǷ
½İȻĿһۣ˯ɣߡ
ҶѾûж˯ˣʲô£ƻסʵ
½İȻתһߵϣӹصݸĲ裬ЦЦŶƻ˵Ҿһ߾ͲβˣҲ׼׼Ǿܶˡ
ջˣƻʵ
飬½İȻϵıҲЩͣ˵Ȼջ񡣡
ƻӣҲûм׷ʣЦŵͷãʱ䣬ҰׯĲ˰һ£ҲѸý齻һ
½İȻͷ˵Ȱ㻹ǲҪ¶ĺãׯﲡ˵õߵѾˣ˹ƶ㵱أ
⻰ƻ΢΢һüŽʵô£
ؿһ½İȻҧҧƻ˵ʱ䣬̶ȱȽĲ˶ѾͳׯӣȻǱϾûв͸ǽҲ֪ˡȻһʼҲʮֵĿֻţǱϾѾˣﳤְ˼죬Ҳûôˡ
˶˵ҲͷӳСΪ飬ȻʮֵĸмׯſڰһգڸЩǿӲɢˡСǼվͷǺܺãûа㡣
ʼĩƻ˵ͷĲȴҲһ䶼˵Ҫ½ҽ˵ǲ¶ˡ
Ȼû𱸵˼ػǵͷū澻ġ
ƻͷڿڴһǷߴ½İȻ뿪֮˯˹ȥ
֮糿Ÿܵ͵ׯӵĺʹ˳
Ϊ̫磬ƻ֮˯˹ȥ
Եխ֮߳һͣסˡ
üͷƻ˯úܳƿҪһô£ǿǰĳȴʲôҲ˵ˡ
վǲ֪Ⱥ˶ãû֪ôõҪ뿪Ϣ
ﳤվǰ棬Խ˵С㻹ţҲ֪С㲻ϲ֣С뿪ǲܲһ͡عģǲС뿪
ؿһŴӵҲЩᣬ˵С㻹˯ţллҡֻǣ֪Ҫ뿪ˣ
ﳤЦЦ˵ԴׯĲ˶ͳǾ֪СҪˣҲ֪С͵㶼ˣҲûд´
˵ظӵĸжۿ΢΢һ죬˵һҹлСʵϣǶƽƽģӲģһȰҶȥɡ
ȴ˿δֻǸÿһ·
̲ס棬ԳĻ˻֣ʾߡ
һֱǵ棬˺ԶֱҲˣͣס˽ŲĿ뿪
 

ڶʮ ͬѰ

صոѾ֮飬Ȼ½İȻϣƻıУøˡ
һʱ䣬аʱڻ˯ʹ½İȻһ߸壬Ҳûжٺת
ҪϢһѾ֪ͨ˰ܿϷˣ˴ϾΪƻ֮ͻϷԺˣȴû뵽ȴƻ岻ʣѾֱӻ˷С
岻ʣܿվŽ˵ô£Ϊʲô岻ʣ
ϷҲʮֵĽţ˵ô£ܲ˰ɣ
˶پѹ޴һڲ˵С㲡ˡ
Ļû˵꣬Ϸ˺Ͱܿ׳һϵе⡣
Ϸ˿غ˵Ҳ˵ʱЩҲ֪Ҫʲôãչ˲СҲͰˣ⻰Ҳתͷж԰ܿ˵ǻԼȥһ
ܿҲͷĵĸ˲϶Խʧ
֣ȥ򡣡Ϸ֮ǰж֣˵
ظϽ˵ˣ½ҽСһġ
½ҽ
Ϸ˺ͰܿͬĽһǾϲ֮⻹вͬϷ˴żɻ󣬶ܿȴѾֵķġ
ϷȻܿЩѯʵĿ
Ϸ˲ĻǱ߱˵ܿ˵
Ϸ˵˵ͷ˲߳˷䡣
һţܿһ߸Ϸ˽Եɡ
Ϸȴӵɻ󣬡֪½ҽƢʮֵĹŹ֣ǳôأ
ϷӦ֪춼Ļһ·ǻģʱҲλĻҵ½ҽλĻ˵Ӧ½ҽƺǾʶ
ܿһ»Ǿʵʵ˵ΪҲ֪飬Ϸ˵Ĳ֤
Ϸ֮˵ͷһ۰ܿ˵ԭĻӲУԭΪճ˵Ĩǵġ
Ϸˡܿ΢΢һͷ˵
ϸЦЦҲûʲôϾǵʱ˾춼ǱǣҲΪʲôҪǣ
ܿбıĵţϵıȴʮֵĳţϷ֪춼֮ʱסԺСʹ춼߻ӺܽʱճץǶ˵ʱñ̽߻ӵĻӷˡǣҲ֪ı飬ǱճץסҪЮ׼ңض޷أǴĿģҪǻġ
ȷʵҩлλĻӣճ֣ȷʵǳ鷳Ҳظƽ¡ϷЦŵͷ
ûʲôģܿҲԵһ˵ʱΪճѲ飬Ҳ½ҽһûѶƻᵽƳҩҽӦǰɡ⺢ӣôأ
ϷһЦЦ½ҽԸ͸©Լɡ
ܿҲŵ˵ͷ˵Żܿߵ˻ӡ
һ̸߰ͷβĽأһֱĵľ°ܿһСľ˵˻˻Ҳһ˵̸ӦҲͲټˡ
߽ƻʱƻţ½İȻڴ߸ڸ˵֪˵ʲôһֱЦݡ
ܿĵĵ˹ȥϷ˿ȴЩͬѰ
߽ƻ̽һֿϷ˵ĸôҲˣ
ܿƻ԰׵Сۿʱͺˣһûôݳˣ
ϷҲ΢΢üͷÿζߵʱӦĺúõģǻǴ˾ǴŲ㰡ͱڳȥˣ
ƻҲΣ֮࣬ҲĶů⡣
ĸǲõģҾЩ纮ûʲôúϢˡЦ˵
ܿϴᣬгۣƭֻǷ纮ô򵥣Ǳ߲ǲǡ
ǵģ㲻½ҽҾͨķ纮ѡߣҲܾôǡƻϽ˵
Ϸ˿һѾվһߵ½İȻ׼ȷӦǴֻǶյĺܺã½İȻûз֮ǰջ˴Ŀ⣬ֻ˵½ҽ֪ŮõʲôҲǺܺãӦǼ򵥵ķ纮ɣ
½İȻһϷˣҲûп¶һЩЦݣֻ˵Ϸ˿ˣСȷʵֻǷ纮ֻΪǰʱ̫ͣŻòϵĸһЩ
һЩƻ̿һۣϴżЦݡ
½İȻҲһۣȻûʲô飬ȴżֵ
Ϸ˰֮ĻУ½İȻֶһЩӣȻ˲ûз֡
 

ڶٰʮ ̽

½İȻ˵ǣܿвԵһϽ˲ϵ½İȻ˵½ҽЦˣĸŮǷҽ̫Ķˡ
½İȻ΢΢˹˲þˣСҲ࣬ҩƵôĶ˳ʲôǷǷġ
ԭʶܿ飬Լ˵ģҲûʲôǵ˵
ĸ²õ˰ɣƻЦ˵
԰׵ӣ̫չԼˣʲôܱԼҪһæͲܲˡ
ϷҲߣ˵ʣµͲùˣһύȥʱͺúϢ
˵תͷһ½İȻϵЦм֣½ҽڸжգҲǺúÿһԱл⡣
½İȻĿ΢ȻϷЦݵĺ壬Ҳȷûж⣬˵ͷ˵С廹Ҫµ¾ڸж߶żա
½ҽڸУӦոҲŶԣ˵ʲô߶Ų߶ŵġϷЦ˵
̶ܿߵĽ˵ȥ½ҽʰһͷ
Ϸȴһ˵ԺסĶŮ죬ʵǲ㣬Ա߸½ҽʰһԺӰɣ½ҽסҲһЩ
ϷܵܿתͷԽ˵ǾͰϷ˵İɡ
ǣ뿪ˡ
Ǿί½ҽϢƬ̣ȵԺʰˣȥܿ˵
Ϸ˿˿ƻʵ˵½ҽʧܾģ˵һֱϵ
ƻӸղŵ̸ѾȷܿӦøϷ˽ʱǳ½İȻ顣ϷҲ֡
ЦЦ˵½ҽҲƼˮ꣬ôһֱϵأɺϣ˵飬Ļ߱ҲΪģѲӣײΪβ
û뵽½ҽҲһĻµˡЩԵڸ½ҽƷԡ
Ȼô˵ϷлмֲŵġϾѨ磬Ȼ½ҽͲһΪ񿴲ˡ
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ô˵ûбߣ½ҽûƻһʱĹά
ܿҲЦ½ҽʵ̫ǫˣҲΪƻвûᵽ
֪ƻûдᵽ½ҽΪ½֦ǼȻѾոһһҪϷǰԲȥ
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˵Ϸڵʲô²һЩҹ˿ûϵϷ˵Ļʶոʲô鷳Ļھ뿪
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½İȻ΢΢üͷȻʮֲ죬һƻǵ˵ͷͷˡ
޷޷½ҽ̫ˣΪƻ壬ҲӦģ˵ʲôͲ͵ġƻЦ˵
 

ڶٰʮһ ؽ

˵һ߽˵ԺѾʰˡ
ܿ½İȻȥ
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ڶٰʮ һ

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ڶٰʮ 

ƻѾ壬תͷЦЦ˵㲻ôռҵһӣϷ˵ŮϷ˵УǲôͣҲֵ
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ܿһĨĨԼϵᣬǰǵᣬ˰ɡЦЦˣҲŮˣΪڷ絲꣬ҲȨ
 

ڶٰʮ 

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СҲҽͷϣҽǼ֮ѡĻȰ㻹Բߡ
 

ڶٰʮ ٩

½İȻЦȻֹһӣƻ̫ˣҵȥ˵˵
ƲƲ죬иĿǿ죡
ҽԼȥɣҾͲȥˡ
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ҿ컹ǻ࣬ǲӺõ̫ˣ½İȻ˻һǲѾ͸ˣߵ˶ܿǲǣ
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֮ǰϷ˾˵Ҫȥ㣬һؽȥ㣬ؾΪƻϷҲһֱģȥǩ
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ڶٰʮ 

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֪ƻ״̬ȥ½İȻӹǿԵģβԸӡȫĵİĽҲףһᣬһƻֱԼĻᣬԼߵĻᣡ
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һƬ壬ᴭʥҲ޶ԣҲһѰƻӵ˻УľһǣȻͷס˼ĽѾõĴ
 

ڶپʮ ȢΪ

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ЩƻʶľҪ㣬ȴץס˫֣ʹӣһֱûεģҵķҵĲİеӣһյķ賤Ѿٹ̣Һˣƾұ÷ұòֻƻİЩƫִϣҿԼµûİҲһĲֵսɢɱ΢ĳ
Щۻ黰׵ͫʣƻĺܿ죬ҲԼٹ̵ʹ˵黰Ҳ٣ҲȢԼɻǺԥɱԼ
侲һЩƽ˵˵ЩҲҪʱǡŮ֮ĸ̫ӣҲ̫䣬ҶԼûа취ƿصĶҪصľ񡣡
ƽ飬Ѿ֪ǲܣԼˡҲͷˣ˵㻹ǵӦһϣܶ֡
ƻܲµҪ˵ʲôüʲô
޸ңҵսƻ֣ƻİ֮ҵߣһվñ˭ߣƳһƬո㡣
ƻЩܵǿ𣿡
Ҳ˼˵˵һ˵Ҹı֤ȢеġҲҪھʹӦңһʱ䣬˵һȣȵͷΪֹ
 

ڶپʮһ 

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Ҫڣƻȿ˵ؿɻã
Ȼ֪תƻ⣬Ц˵õģֻǱˡ
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õģǱӦûϷ岻һЩ˵ţƿӴӴˡ
ƻƳʵߣ񴥵һ㣬ϽƿԼߣЩ̡
㴩·ɣұ֤ͷ豳ƻߴ·˵
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Ǹأɱ⣬һе׾ǸкָʹˣȻʮа˾ẓ̌ҲҪӺȷ
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ƻһĻȷΪŮҿ˵Ļӿֺ֪ܶġ
 

ڶپʮ 

Ц˼̧֣ʵƻ𣿡
˭ˣƻƿߣֻžеԼмֵĲм
ִӸͷЦţͺá
⻰˵ȷʵк֪ܶƻЩ΢ŭʵ
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ʱҲͻȻ֣˽صߣ۾Ҳͨ죬ȻҲͿ޹ˡ
Ǹʲôʲô˵ƻ˵ֱۣȴûа鲻ǣɣҲҩˡ
ū/£𷣡˷ڵϣͬ˵
ƻЩˣ˵ǣںۣҪҷѿˣϽ
ƻȷʵʮֵ룬㻥࿴һۣվ
µҵ˻ϵ˵
 

ڶپʮ ̽

˵Ҳһ˵ĻҪ˵ˣǸϽ׼
ƻĻû˵꣬߾ŵ
С㣬ūϷ֪岻ش̽ߴֵ֣
̳ſڿȥ
ƻ۾һУȻܰٷ֮ٵȷ̵ĻģҲܵġ
Խغͽʹ˸ɫ̴Ӵ˳ȥػشְ֣ҼС㻹δϷԵһ¡
ƻѵ·˴ϣһ壬ŶԽص˵ͷ
߹ȥǣĸϷһ񣬽˸˽
ϷһͿƻ԰һ뿿ڴͷЩǸĿԼ
ôˣϷ˹ȥץʵ
ƻҡҡͷĸģû£ֻЩˡȻתͷԽسôĸ
ؿһϷ¶Ϊѵɫ
á
Ϸ˿ڸսһ䣬̾ʹ˽һЦݵ˵ҵĽ壬Լ½㲻ýţźĸһġ
⻰Ϸתͷһۣ
ƻһɫף̾ԲôϷ˵ġ
лùһֻЩˣҲϢĲˣߵɫҲѾˣ׼׼ؼҰɡ
ϵĴżֵǸ⣬ҵ岻ȻҲؼңĸ׶Ҫˡ
ϷĵֱʲôһͷͿϻɴϽץô£
ƻ⿴һ̣ǰһӣЦӽʼ۾һֱĴƺҪҵһЩۼԭЩʧˣڿԼˣϣһ㡣
ϴ˼ֲ˼˵ʱ̫ˣȥ˲裬ָ嵽ˮȥˣЩˣµġ
Ϸ˶֣۵ֻüͷôأ۲ۣϲأתͷԽغǳôźģ֪Сٿ飬ҲҰѹ̵Ĳŵǰ𣿡
ǣūչ˲ܣū澵ĴظϽ˵
ƻϽ˵ҪȲģҲȷʵҲСģĸΪôС¸Ѿͷ
С𣿡Ϸŭ˵ңĸĵһƤҲۺü졣˵ҳһ죬Ͱָˣĸ׻ԹҰ
ƻЦЦô󰡣ĸҪǹҲ϶Ҳע⣬ԹĸĵŰôʵǺصӣʵһ㶼أôž¸Ⱦ
ϷȴЩţĲأ
ȻģƻЦ˵֤ͺˣʱĸٿǡ
Ϸ˵ɫԵĻһ£ؾУѽҲģ˻֣
ƻסĸ첲ĸ˵Ҵˣǰ첻˵Ǹ𣿡
˵ǺΪĿԶǺӡϷͷ˵㳤ˣΪڶܶһˣܾȫˣأƫƫǲϧԼ塣
ƻļϣҲ˵Ц̬ȣЦţĸˣĸ˵ûԺҲúõİϧԼ壬ôСˡ
Ϸͷ׾С
ƻֱ˵ʱҲˣǻЩȥɡ
żѾȥɽ¸ĸױȥˣǳ緹ٻȥϷ˵
ƻϷô׽ģľԼһһǰû˿ĴڸС
ɲ̿˵ĸ߶һˣԽԽǵģŹ㡣
ƻЦЦϷȴһ
̿һϷ˵ˣĸۻˡҲлῴ˵ĺУȻ˵ǱȲλ½ҽǻǵÿһĸܰĲǡ
˻û˵ʲôͶߵѾ˵ȥһʰѵȵĸ˵ɣ
ѾҲ֪ǵİʾʲôֱӦһͿ˳ȥƻκʱ䡣
ϷҲмֲˣۿ̣Ҳ֪ĺбȲ½ҽȥʲô˵ķҲʲô˶ܽ𣿣
ŮҲ̫ĽˣֿĸôۣżһЩĸòҪʱ˾ʹ߾ˡЩŵ˵
Ϸ˿ǸģǲϲҲϴСˣʲôʱ¿ǵȫһ㣡
ͷ͵øͣ˵ĸ˵öԣûпȫ
 

ڶپʮ ưո

Ϸ˿һֶƻ˵ƻĸʵ˵˰ѡҹʵѾͷĻ˵㣬һнķ䡭
ƻüָϽ˵Ȼƻģ¹Ҳò⡣
ĸ𣿡ƻ˿ǵЦĸǾûᷢʲôأ
üһͬģ˵ʲô̬ȣĸҲΪģô˵ڹ⿴Цһ
ƻû˵ʲôϷȴͷһۣ㻹Ǳɣ
ĸһ֮ǰϷ˵ľ£˵ȷʵһɮ˽˽ķ䣬̶ٲ£ҲԲýڿЦʶô£ͻ̶Ѱ𣿡
Ϸ˿֮䣬ûаֵ飬һɻתͷһƻߵĻҲʲڡ
˵ɮ˽ƻķ䣬ûбֺαأŮ˽ģȻֲܵ顣
ƻϷе˸΢΢һ̾ȴҲʧϷ˾ǻȴҲûʲô
ĸŮ֪ΪʲôҪô˵иλʦȻǷˣҲŮбĵôҹҵķƻ΢üҹǰҵôܻ˿أ
Ϸ˿԰׵΢šü÷𣬻Ϊ˼Լ棬˼õ棬ֻΪԼ硣
δڣ˵ֻǵİȫȫûб˼Ǻйʵ˻ɣǴ˻С͵ΣǧǸ֣ʲôĸ˵ġ
˵ţһҪץƻ졣δ޵Ҳµˣÿÿĸĸ϶ٶЩۼҲףƻҹǺзϱȻҲкۼ
ָû죬ѾƻһѸץסˣ̧۾Ͷ˫ŭ˫ۡ
ҿʲôطԲ㣬Ҫңƻ˦֣ŭ
ϷҲŭȵʲô
̱ƻ˦һǿվȺ󣬸ֱ׳˵ֻǵĽ˰ˣĸ㿴ӣɱҪˣҪúõļУ
Ȼô˵Ҳˡʵǲģֻüϣ˵Ϸˣ˸ƻǸˡ
ϷѾŭȫȥĻˣֻ˵˵ȻѾΪʲô㻹Ҫмƽϣ㲻Ҫᣡ
̿ٵһüͷ˵ǣŮ³çˣŮʵ̫ˡӦϾ͵ˣѰҲܷˣ
⸱ģƻҲǲĿĲˡԼϵĺۼҲһģʱ̷ţͳ׵Ľ
סҪ˵Ϸˣ˵Ȼ֮һˣĸҲͲҪˣüȻ˵ٹңҲô֪Ȥֻǽôȷʵĺص֮ԺͲҪٳҵˣǶʹ죡
⻰Цʱƻӣ˭ֱ˱Ͳ˵ʲôҪУζ
УֻҪȷϽû£ǵýҲòװģ˭ֲأһ˵
ϷȻõüǿƻѶģҲûж˵ʲô
ûöãѾ߾ʹһɮ˽ܿĺˡ
Ϲ˺ƻȻתһ˲֮ĽƻȫС
ƻ̾ҿ
ϷһϽסʵôˣ
ƻǵͨ죬һץס˽ص֣ѵļһҩ
һʼʮֵĵģһ˵ҩʶľ뵽ֹȵҩǸܵƻԼı仯ҪܸıԼҩ
̴ӻͳһƿȡһҩݵƻߣС㣬ҩ԰ɡ
ƻҩ־Ϸ˵ֺһˮҩ˽ȥٽزͣĸŵУòֹͣ˿ߣɫһƬǺ죬ԽӵĲҰס
λʩĵǲᰡΪɮǿЩСѰɡһӷȻ˵
Ϸ˿ƻ⸱ӣҲĹ˲ˣ̴Ӵվʹʦˡ
ǰȥһſʼƻһʼЩɣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳ
ϷһľĲУϽʵǲ𣿡
 

ڶپʮ 

Ҳмֻңתͷһ̡
̿Լ΢΢һüʦʲô˵˵徿ôˣ
ǰʦ˵⺢ӾôˣϷҲߴٵ
ϻмԥȻ̵ǮָϴСй£йµ˵Ͳз°
ֹӣϷ˸ӵĽżŭе׻᲻ῴôôҲ˵أ
˵ϷĪҪƶɮʵǲ֪ôڡ
һ˵⻰̵۾һ֪Լⷬãһܾˡ
ڴȵƻıȫ˿˿ĺ⡣
ʲôÿڵģʲô˵ʲôϷ˸ӵա
˫ֺʮһӷ𡱲ż˵С㲡ļأӼǸտˣǲúõǡǡ
ΣϷһĴأŭ˵ô㺬
еͷǻˣ
Ϸ˵ʱŭֱһɺԣ½ҽҸУ˵ƻѾָĲˣ㾹Ȼ˵꣡תͷụ̆㣬Ȼһ㿴㵽Ǻξģ
ȻҲ־ŭݺݵĵһۺУһĶϷ˵ŮҲû뵽еĴȻĸĪӡҿʱҲˣ绹Щظ½ҽ㿴ɣ
ȻһģЩ˵жôĸչȥϷĶģԼӲ֤һԲ˶ߣ
ҪðַգҲֻŵһߡƻӻǲģǸã
Ϸߵһδÿɷ񣬿ƻۿ΢΢һ죬֣ӹҽĻţƻ£ͻظ½ҽúÿһ
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޷ǾҩƿϷ˵תƿôĿʲôƻȻʮȴܲϣ
ΪϷĲȥ飬Ҳᣬ¶ߡ
ϷỨ˵ͷתͷԸ֣׼·
ӽǲųһ·˸£ʮֵѹ֡
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˵ƻ岻ʵİܿѾڵվոſڵȺһⱻ˲ƻ͵
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Ϸǧô˵ܿϽ˵
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һ˸յ˻ӣ½İȻҲ͵ˡ
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һӦǺԼһģӦûûм档
½ҽһ·ҵʳжһػϸ˵ĸĸ׶ҪˣǿЩҵ״ɡ
½İȻһᣬŵ˵ͷתͷϷ˺Ͱܿ˵λ̫ģֻҪҵķúõһʲô󰭵ġ
⻰Ϸ˺Ͱܿһ
Ϸ˸Щŭ˵Ҿ֪Ǹиſں˵Ȼ½İȻ˵½ҽˣʲôҪĶᡣ
½İȻĵͷϷˡȻ˵СҪϢûԵ飬λҲȥϢɡｻһ˾ͺˡ
ȻԸǿƻƣɫ뿪ˡ
˶뿪֮½İȻתͷƻҲ֪οڡ
ƻһۣϰЩգһʱҲ֪ô͡
˾ôεĽţûãӴӰʹΡ
裿½İȻЩŵĿǰˣ㲻ھӪô
迴ûпһֱۣߵ˴ǰƻŵʵô£ôͻȻ𣿡
½İȻǳ鴤һ£ЩŭЩӣˣܶƻˣҲֻɫѵļһˡ
 

ڶپʮ 

ƻֻøˣЩ˵û£ֻǳ˸ıҩˣҩЧ˾ˡ
ȴЩţתͷ½İȻ˵ƻ嵽Σϻˣûд󰭣
ŵӣ½İȻһſڼϵûд󰭣ѵ𣿡
赹ûʲôǿƻȵĵӣЩһ㣬ٸ˵£
½İȻЦһĻȰ㻹עԼԴǣǱҽˣұ֤һʵ
Ҳ֪ԼղȷʵЩˣԼѵƢ˽ģ̷Ż˵̫ļٲź½ҽҵǸ½ҽָ̡
ȻЩ裬˵⻰ԭҲǿЦĳɷ־Ӷ࣬Ҳ˳̨˵ЩƤˣûʲô󰭣ֻҪúõˡ
Ǻεģô˵꣬еʯͷҲˣҲ˼Ц⣬û¾ͺá
ƻ½İȻȴڿнһ£ƻдżָлΪûԼ
½İȻֻǵģȻӦһ
ȥҩҩ˵˵ɡ½İȻ˵ֱ˳ȥ
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һʱֻʣƻˡ
ƻҴҴǣϢ㡣
ƻ˶ӣԼɵøЩȻʵûаŵĵط
߲ŵĵط𣿡Ц˵
ƻһۣȴЩ̲ס̣˵أ
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ʵһʼȷʵģĥӲҲҪƻȴû֮ǰǰֱ׳Ƥˡ
˵ƻҲûʲô˵ˣʵʲôʱȥ
졣ʵ棬ʵ̫Զʱ䶼·ˡ
ƻ˵˵˭أ
ҵǺԼˡЩɫ˵
ƻ΢΢һͣϵıЩȻ
˵ƻԲǸŮңȴղľȺΡҿǲܡ
㲻˵Ļ϶Ѿ˵ˣѾˣû˭˭ƻ˶˵½ҽϵ˻Ҫ֪Ҳ飬οҲһµˡ
ɡ
㣬ɺ𣿡
軹Ҫ˵ʲôȴƻϡ
ȻԼ軹ǵ˵ͷҲڡ
ƻ΢΢һܿĿ⣬ЩŭȻˣҲûбҪ˵Щϻ
ƻǲ˵ˣȺúõϢɡϽ˵
ƻһۣ˵˯˾ͲԸˣǵȳ˷ҩ˯ɡ
ԣƻ˵е˵˵Ц˵
ƻȴֱ۾Ŀ𳳣
ЩΣãƻ˵ôô
ƻ۾ûжãҪûûа취Ϊ˱ѣֿڵһᣬȥ߶㣬Ӧûܿĵġ
˵ͷ۾˵ףһȥĸʺõġ
ƻ΢΢ͷ˵˵ʲôžˣõ档
áٵΪ˱Ѳ˵Щģ⣬ʵһϷ˶̬ȿʲô仯
Ҳ˵ûб仯ҲԽԽ۰ңңⶼĵġƻ˵
ȴЩʣϵҲֻϷֵµһ붼ɡ㣬ôһֱոȫĽأ
ƻ۾һ۲˵ѲոҵϣʵŲҲһ¡ҷǾãϷңϧҡ
⻰ô˵ȻҲǰǻ²ʵ
ƻ˵еİոҵϣȲ˵ҾΣ˵ЩܷܲһŴСͷΣȴһûˣλȻӲ࣬ĸŸҵȨȴһֱӡҵҲһֱӣֵµЩ˶ʮֵķģȴ򡣡
УЩԭܽеģҩܿճߣ̫Ǳ߲ĻֻһЩҪ鷳
ƻĻ˵ͷƻ˵ȷʵǺеӽϷôҲȷʵϧ㡣
 

ڶپʮ Ϊĸ

ƻͷȻ˵Ĳ࣬ĸĺܺá
㲻˵ĲࡣЦΪԭͲࡣ
ƻһۣûôϻ˵
ͷϻҲ޷ƻдҵȤ
ֲ㣬㵱Ȼ޷ƻ̲סбһۡ
ЦѾϰ߰ÿյ鶼ˣֻൣˣ
ƻһû˵ʲôҪд֮ĻϾҲϰÿնһķϻˡ
ûãؾͶŷ˽ƻһЩֳ½İȻҩҲס˯ˡ
˯ˣýţԼ뿪ƻķ䣬ȥ˰ܿ
߽裬ܿҲʮֵľϲֱӴվӭ˹ȥĻӣôˣ
ϽӭȥĸûӭСأϣЦ˵ǽģȥƻѾ˯ˣĸʰ
ܿ⼸Ĺԭ꣬ѾԽȵ꣬ϵȻЩİˣüȴʮֵϤ
ȻԽԽ⣬ϵЦնղסĻˡ˵˵δˣþ׽أЩӣĻӿɻã
䣬Ȼƻżм棬һζûмܿô˵ҲʮֵůϵЦҲ֣ҺءʵⲮĸôãҲʮֵС⼸꣬ûĸʵҵĲǡ
ܿҡͷôʲôȻǸլ˵Ҳ֪Щ߹ص飬ĻһʮֵķæƻǶûм
ĸܹ¾ͺãһգһ㲮ĸú˵˵Ц˵
ܿͷЦããƻӲǺܺã⼸ˣҲָܻĿһЩ
ƻҲмֵĵǣоƻľǺܺõӣȻΪ˵Եʡ
ĵǣܿоøο˵ĻҲ̫ģϾ½ҽڸУΪƻ϶ͻġ
֪ܿƻˣ˵ȻϵĹеĲ֢ڶȴֻΪ˵һƻı顣
Ȼ˵ȴʮֵϣûб¶ƻ
ĸ˵ûֻҪϸܿܺˡָֻЦݣ˵ĸҲģҪעԼ壬ƻܰ
ܿͷ˵˵ûƻǺТ˳ԼٿۣҲίҾǾã̫ˡ
˵ֿһ裬Ͻ˲۽ǵᣬЦ㿴ңô˵Щˡ
迴ҡҡͷû£ײĸǰҵԼˣŻ˵ġСо仰Ҫ˵˵¸ĸģʵŮҲһġҪ˵ۣҲŮ˸ĸ𣿡
̲ܿסֱ۽Щʪ󣬡ҲǸúӡƻҲǼ˵ЩǿʵܡҲûи˵˵ЩģҲ͸㷢ɧĻӲҪ⡣
ᡣҡҡͷ˵ӲҲ͹ȥˣҲǺˣ
ܿ˲۽ǵᣬЦ˵ûԺǺӣ˵ֿһ裬ЦмǵĺӲ֪ʲôʱ
һ㶣ӦЦȻϣɻҪƻ˼ǡ
һ㶼Ť󣬰̴ܿЦĻǲֱ̫һЩ
ô˵Ų˼ЦЦ˵ĸҪ⡣
ܿЦԽӵĲã޷޷ƻôĸҲֻ⺢Լ¶ģҲѹż
⻰ˣЩƮϾѾ췹ˡ
⸱ӣڰܿУֻΪǲ˼Ц˵̹ʵܿʵġô꣬ȢƻҲֲ٣ȻûһȵĻġ˵ﻰҲðƻ㣬ܷġ
˵ɫҲ΢΢һ࣬ڵξҲ˵Ҳסڴ̣ȻףҲĻӵһŤתս֡ռұϾ죬Ļӡʹͬƻ޸㣬Ϸһȴ׹ټϣϷ˵˼ҪƻԺƹռңҪ׸
һɫ˵˵Щֻи׼Ͼǵĳ㣬ȴƻո֮ΪѣԸָժΪһĸ׵˽ģĻ𣿡
 

ڶپʮ ֤

һҲԼ̬ȣ԰ܿ˵ĸ˼סʱδҲ˵ƻıո̫Ҳ˵òĸ˵ûб߼ʣֻ˵ѾмƻѾʵʩһŲĸܿɹ
˶˵˵Ҫиĸ֮ý֮ԣҿĸҲؾˡҲ˵ҵĻҲԲ˰ڲȢֻƻһˡ̬ȶұȻ񣬹ոףԲƻκ˵ָժ
ոᶨһƻܸոұҲ񶼡
ܿЩȣǾϲʵĻӴ˻棿
Ȼûĺŵĳɡ
°ܿĲ֪ʲô˵ˣԼûᵽ檵⣬Ѿ˱ֻ֤ʣˡ
Ҿ͵һˣЦ˵
㣬ҲһЩ֮ǰȷʵû뵽ܿôͻȻֱ׵˵ǵĻ¡
ղʮֵĽţ֪ܿƻĿеλãʲôӡһҲӰƻ֮ĹϵǺõģҲһˡ
ʱˣĸҲϢˣҾȸˡв˼ֹ
ܿҲԼЩˣҲûֻʵŵĵطԶ𣿡
һ£Ͻ˵ǺԶոЩ롣
ܿͷ´ϣոֱͣ˯ڿͷˡȥʱСЩƻɡ
ǣĸҲϢɡ˵꣬Ҫˡ
ĸ˵ĿʣĲһܹܵġ˷ţֻԼıЩ乵ģһƻķ䣬Ȼ˯תһ䣬ȥ½İȻ
½İȻȻⲻһټյȫա
ƤԽԽˣ½İȻʹӣĥĥ
ȴһ˼Ĳɵӣһᣬתͷʵ˵ǲǸȥҸŵĵط
ʲô½İȻһûͷûԵĻŪЩ
ҲعҡҡͷЩ߰뷨׵Ժ󣬿ʵʵңƻûôĺûоӣ
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½İȻЦһҵҩѾϷ˴Ųţ
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½İȻһҲ֪Լ֮ǰЩˣ˵ĵǺҲ֪ѿľ˭
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ѾΪŮԾİɡ
ܿȻԼ۸зǳãҲظԼԷȥƻԷ
ֻ֮һƻȥͼƻѾˣ߳ŷȷʵľ˺ܶ࣬ҲѪɫ
 

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ЦʲôЦ˵ˣƻּһ֥ŵǰԷ
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ƻֱӰѱӽǰԷ²죡
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˵˼䣬˽ȥ׼ǰȥؽֶҪ˿ڣһֱڰߵС
 

 

ڶ磬Ϸ˹ȻһոƻҲȥϷ˷м͡
һΣֻдһŮѾڳʱճףӻδ壬ϱָո˸ڼ
ϲҲǺ棬ƻĽ@Ӷһ
ԸԳ˸Ů⼸ǺӲҲûй
Ȼ˲࣬ȵҲʮֵ֡
Ϸ˿ƻЩ׵ɫҲмֵǣǰʱ䲻˵Щ죬Ҳأ
ƻ壬ϷҲ̾һ⺢˸
ô˵ϷüͷԽƻ֣˵ɵúúýţͻСǧʲô
ƻףϷ˵ˡƻ˵
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Ϸһɫ׹˵ˣϽһۣ˵ô໰Ҳ˵𣿡
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Ȼô˵ҲֻЦ˵޷
Ϸ˱˵Ȼ˵Ĳԣ⵹ûҲϣܾİӵáֿϷ˵ɩӣҸһŮҽԵŮӵЩ裬ǲƻҩɡ
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һ½ҽϷҲм־ȣһЦˣȻ½ҽڣȷʵҲòűĴˡ治˵ģƻҲиģ
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ô˵Ϸ˻ʲô׵ģȻмεǻЦ˵ƻȻǸбµģ
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˵ͷϷͷԸ֣һĴ멣Żȥˡ
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ƻһȻʮֵͨʾͰעĿЩ
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ֻ֪ƻ⣬Ҳûоܾ̯ϵ֬ˮѡ
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תͷһ裬ͻȻЩͻȻãԺ󱻳ķˣһ顣
ҲڿһЦ˵ǣûԼϲģҲһɡ
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⻰ܰҲЦ˵ǵĸȻǲϰô˵ѹ¡أ
̯ҲЦʱӲƻһۣ˵Ҫףͺ
ƻΣζҲˡ
һ˼ǰߣѾʱ
ǻһطԵ㶫ЪЪţһټɡ˵
ҲЩˣһ¥Ҫһż䡣
˲ˣƻŲӵĶȻԼġ
˷ЩѾԼǳʲôĿġ
ЩյӣЦõģһ˰Щȸͻȥᵢġ
򣿡ƻһۣô߰Ķ㲻ҲͰˣҼ򣡡
ں飬ѵóһˣֻҪˣ˾ˡ
Ļӻǲƴ֣ƻһһԼȻǺܸ˵ġ
½İȻƳһִֻۣᣬܲСͣ㣬Ǹüȥľ˰ԶٷвУ
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Щеʵôˣǲˣ
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ƻҪҡͷƳһи̯ӣ˵ȥǱ߿ɡ
˳һۣЦŵͷ˱Ǹ̯λǰ档
ϳԵľӶ࣬ҲֻЩȤ̯ʽ̯ǰġ
̯һòƽƽˣ̧ͷһˣǿ˲ʲôϰ֮ˣɫҲʮֵ䵭ûкˡ
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̯Ȼ󣬵Ǳ൹ǲ٣ǽϻŸṳ档
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ƻζûнӣֱЦЦȻ۶ϣֽˣУˡ
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˵ʱ̯Ҳ̧ͷһʼһʼܽϻмֵ⣬ǿȻԼõĽ׾ٵ˳ַܿϵĵȥԵм档
ֿѽȻƻģҸҲǺɼȷʵԼҪ
ƻһذ׵ʱ̯̲ס˵ˣذͭ죬ͭıвͬͭĺϸ߲۶ϣɫءߣӵķ׸ء
ܵϸƻмֲ죬˿еذףѾеķУЦȷʵʮֵķһѺذס裬ֻЩʺҡ
дѯʣƻһԴ䵶˵˵ذףʵһֶ̽ϲõذף䵶ҪЩȡΪֻܹ̣ܿɱ˵䵶һĶ
Ϊβֱ䵶أʵ
ƻתͷһ裬ЩȷԼ᲻˵̫ࡣ
Լ΢΢ҡҡͷʾ˵޷Ȼ˶ӣҲӣص˻ǵݡ
ƻ΢΢ͷ˵䵶ιأһĻЩĽӴСˣοʧȥ˴̵Ĺܡ
ϸĻԼĥһ£ʵλȷʵһмң֪ûҿһ۷˵ı
ƻЦЦ̯ˣҲʲôмңֻùһЩԼʺʲôˡڱֻΪй䣬ûЯ
˿˵Լʺϵģܿȷʵһмң١ѹдż⣬һɱ˵мҡ
⻰΢΢ߵƻߣֳһ̬
ЦҪţûбʲô˼λҲ档˵꣬һ֣˵һʦȻǼҵʦλ˵ʦˡ
ˣƻ¶ɻ󣬵תͷȴ۾һɼȷʵǺͷ
 

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ЦЦм˵ϣֻǶЩоˡ̯ϵı˵Щѵǳ˵𣿡
Ц̨˵ЦˣʦҲˮƽЩǳ֮֡
̨ҲǿЩҲֵ̨Ķˡʵ̨֪γƺ
ԼύҲ»ȻҲԼʦ˵һ֡
ԭ֡蹰˹֣ϴ׽Ц⣬ϵ׶Ǳȥ˴롣
̨ӦȵҪЩǳһܰɡ˿ܣ˵Ҳһ˵ĵطǲ͸ҵɡ
˵ͷ˵롣
ƻȴЩ裬һ䣬˾Ȼǵݣȥ̸ҲЩ̫ˡ
ȻĶУ˵λǲģǾѡطˡֻǶԷҪʲôıЩ棬һܲܰ˴졣
ԭºú˵ǿƻԼĿ˵ˡ
ѾµΪ£ô˵Ҳȷˣƻ˵õģܲûж⣬˵ͽܱضҲѵһʦϣܰҵеı
ȷʵʶ嶯ҲȷʵҪһٵı̰𣬱Ҳʱеķ˵ͷǾʦˡ
΢΢ЦЦѾȷһǴߣΪ˵磬òʵ̫ˡ˲ò࣬о仰Ҳ
һΪ˳»˾һ⣬½żֹˣҲԲһ
˸߽ӣһƧԺС
ԺʯԼһ
˽ݣҲмַ˼ǲѾԺӵƻȴѾû֮ǰķмֵķˣЪϢһ¸á
˵ò裬ͻȻϬһƳתͷЦԺСһЩϲĻݣλܹСһЩҪȵˡ
ƻһۣ˵Ҳ̸ʲôΣֻǶЩĿ࿴һ˻֣øŵİˡ
һڲ裬˵ʦĹŵӡҲʦϲͽܣԭΪ²ͬϲ׷ϲ׷ֻǵϲĲλݣֻΪλ
Ȼ㿪ϲƻȴɲ뱩¶ݡ
˵ĪҪ֣ҶֶֻеʱҲɼΣҪύܵǲġ
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ˣҲԷԼķȻ˵ⲻ棬ĽһҲԵĿЩ
ĻͲ˵ˣλңǾ˵һ˵ʲôԼеıѡ˵
ϵƾԲͨУĽҲһݲ͡ҪʲôıûУȴûҵһֵıɼضһûеı
ıǳ֣һ˷ܡ
ƻ룬ȴҲ֪ôվԱһ֦˵ҲЩ˵ֵܿҹõʽɡ
ƻԽǰϵͳ˫ֽӴһЩǱµ̫ǰƴɱѾڻͨ
ֱ˫ֺһ֦˫һǴ֮ơԽӵ˫ֳյ֦ɨ̣һеĶˮһ㣬żƮݣƶȴ·еĽȻ죬ȴ粻һ˿ӲͣͣûΪ˫ֳնԳһ˿ıء
ͻȻһ䣬ֳ֦ȴɴ󿪴ϣµĲ죬е֦ͱˣеĽһٱ䣬ƺмģƿȴͻȻһһĨУɱ
ԽӵƮȴٴ󿪴ϣԲ֮еĽȴ仯ǧأмֽζƻڵĽеУϸȴɭɭɱ⣬ֻһ񣬱Ѿ亹
ƻһᣬѾ֧żֵ˻ƣ׵ͣ˽ƣŬƽºߵ˵ǰ˵ҹõʽˡ
ãͻȻ̾δţϾȻб仯֮࣬ƮĽĳ˴۽簡
 

 

ƻЩȣ΢΢ҡҡͷֵڿˡ
Ͻ£ָһݵȻɣȴҲ̲ס𱸵ʾһҲͰˣôôܵס㶯Ȱҩˣ
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軹ǲģַŵĺ󱳣
ƻֻٵůתͷһ裬Ҳûֹ
λĸ飬Ľһߵ࿴֮ĻЦ˵
ƻҲƮϼ糺죬ΪҲ˵ת˻⣬˵ղֵҲˣΪҵĽ䣬һĽС̫ĽͽǿȲ̫ӲĽֲĽͻ̣Ҳ˱ӵʱѵؽ͸ﲻͻ̣ӲҽƵĶ䣬ұҵʺԼıˡ
Ҳ˼˵еǿҪҪַǿȵͬʱҲ̫ӲҪ̣Ȼǲװ
ǱҲջԼ֣ڣ۾˵Ҳһʱܿĥ
ƻҲͷ˵ԣһʱ
࿴ˣҲʱ·£˵ǶλȰѶ˰ɡԹԵ˵ûıȲ˵˵ҪһǮǱȸǧĶ𣬵ҶٽʣµǮ
ƻһʱЩӦôͻȻǮϱˡ
ŷӦˣ΢΢һüǲΪһѰǴɣҲҪԷģȻҲ̯ӡ˵ǲȥǮϰ
Ȼعû˵ӻͳһǧƱݸ˵⵱ȻӦõģǧ£˵𲻶飬ֻҪʲôҪǶ㣡
ƻһϵƱƳһ裬˰µġ
ҪƱʱƻȴѹסˣ΢ֵܣȸںδ
ֲˣüʵ
ֱƻЩˣ˵Լ׷ˣһֶûУھȻжǮִţֻǰʮֵĲס
˿ΪǹЦ˵ǧĶҲİɡ˵ͳһƱŵһߣ˵٣ܸ𣿡
࿴һƱ۾Щβֿ˿ǧһţһ˵ȽµģǸ͸Ǿּۻ۵ģ
ղŲǻһյģôֱһԣƻд˼⡣
෴ʵպͲԳͻҲΪͷųһ⵰ҪٲţҪˣ
赹ЩȻӣԭһʼ㲻ԸǣΪûпǻ书ΪǲһǮ˵ǲǣ
㶼ˣʲôʵġֿƻһֻۣøǸ˵ûãֻ˵Ů˲Уҵݾûм٣Ȼ󣬵ǽҲǽеŵġ˵˵ҾǮ·Ҳܲǡ
ƻ۹΢΢һ¶ֽ˵㰮ƣҲšʲô˶ˣľȱôһʦ㲻߰ɣ˵ÿҶһá
ɨһۣˣǵѪģʲôȨƵģһӣ˵ʲôҲģ
ȻģƻԵֱ˺ϵߣ¶ԭݡ
ݵ൱΢ţ۵ľޡ
ϧҲ˵еκһոĴС㣬ƻܱ֤һȥڵӸӵİƻ߷ŵ˵
ǰ޴ķУ໹ЩӦһЩճյĿƻЦЩյʵղ˵ʲô
һ߿۽ǳ˳飬˺ܴûһư
˵ոĴС㣬ƻƻЦҲ˼Σա
໨յıûб䣬ԭС㡣
˵֮󣬹һźͻȻعС㣿ĸռң񶼵һռң
ƻͷԣǵһռң֪ҵˣҲҵĳ˰ɣ
Щϵı黹ƽȥ˲豭ȴЩҵûҾǿвˡǽܵûм𣿡
˼ʨӴ󿪿ڵʱ򣬾ѾˡƻЦݲһֻƻĺꡣ
 

 Ե

Щ֧Ըǿǿģ
ƻ˫΢Уͷǰ㣬˵ʲôЩû塣
ûУʲôû˵Ͻ˰֡
ƻӣȻֵûʲôĻôˡ
ȵȣһƻһû˸ղŵƣ˵ʵʵ˵ʵΪ˵ʦһƣƵµʱɡ˵߾͸ˣ˼һҪǼô졣
һתȻⶨ͵ǸʦģʦһţСԲո㿴ô
ƻŲ裬΢΢Цһʦ̿ǴĶ졣ռҪ𣬻СЩʦС𵽻ܹ¡ߣҪҲʲôʦѾ㹻ˣ
ղŲǺҪǮʦϢȥֲҪôô֣ЩŭĴ˵
ƻɫҲ˵ҲΪ˸ʦṩһõĻҪǮҪϣһĵطҶܸ㣬ʲôĵط
ƺıŭˣղŵųһɨƻ˵ȻһССʦܸռҿ⣡Ǿ΢ҲֹģǾԲȥһļſͣ
⻰ƻ΢΢ü˵
СҪĳҲֻܾˣƻߵ˵֪ռСǸղûжõֻ̫ԼھȻװһ˻һ𡣲Ȼ΢ᣬȴҲּϵѣҪϢģֻȥһȻ󲨣ΪԼС㻹˼ĺã
ôһߵӣƻΪתͷһ裬ʵ˵ô죿
ĵתԼĲ豭ɱã
͸ϳʲôһ
ƻȴЩɣиʦǸˣġ
˭֪Ǹɵġתͷһۣ¶а
ʱ󱳷ŵվӻѣͳһźŵ֮Ķ㣬ǲҪңҿɽˣ
ЦһվŲţ֮ǰѾһˣ
ʱȫĵ½ܵĿƺһӶϡˡ
ѵһڿˮǰʵһһ̬ˣڷˣһѰźŵӿˣҲ̫۸ˣҲ뵥ѽ׬Ǯڰ·ϱ𣿣Ҫ䴫ȥոſͣһڽô죬˭ϸҶİ
ոôˣƻмֲˬʵ
Ȼ֪ռҵķôãû뵽Ȼôã
С㣬˵𣿡˻ȥƻһĿ࣬ǰѱѱˣҲûʲôӰ죬㿴̶˶ˣŪģĶǺõģ䶼ٽɣǲҷⲻ˵Ҫ𣿡
Щɵ飬ƻ˵һЩһڽУһΪ̵ĽɣѾ˲ٵĽڡ˵Ĳҷû˵ΪЩɵ̬ȶͼǿûô⡣
飬ϢȻûЩͷǹ㣬ȷʵôһ˵͵ñúòһ飬Ұˡ
˵ЩͲʢŭ֮ɱ𣿡ƻЦŷʵ
࿴ðֻգС㳤һǸˣЩ϶ûйȻҪ˵һ¡
飬ûƻ񣬷мֺЦڴЦ
ɾЩȥˣһסƻļĿ࣬񣬲Ȼӣ
һ¼򣬡³С۹̫̫ˣ
㣡һʯϵĲ豭һ£һӵĲˮ
ƻס֣ˣôɣ
迴ƻ̱Щίƻˣ˵ɡ
ƻֺЦҲûнʲôֶ˵Ҳֻܸ̫࣬Ҫ֪ΪҡҺճĲһռңͻˡ
ˣץס˹ؼʣЩеĹؽڡ
ȻµˣƻҲûռҺճˡ
һüֻ֪˵ģȻ˵Ǿ˵ȷʵѾˡռĺճѣǴռҲͲǷˣĻҲǿԣ
 

 Ĳ

ɶƻ˵ռңǿϵ㡣һı£ҪȻǲ˵ҶԱϻһЩ뷨Ҫ㽻һ¡ڶڽϢԴⷽҲΪҲ©ȱ
ЦЦ˵ȻҪֻʦһ㡣ĲԸ⣬Ҳǿ㡣ֻҪӦһֲ˵ǽҲԵûм档
ô׵ľͰԼˣЩζˣʦɸʦһʦ˵ǳ뷹ģͲҿǾ˼ҵ洫Ҹģǲף
ƻЩЦ˿ʮֵľȴ쳣ĵ
˵ôʲôãʦǲԸһȥ𣿡װһϧӡ
һ£Ҫ˵ҲǲԣֻҲܹ˵ǲǣܵҿô
˵ţ˼ۣǿǧƱˡ
ǰʾԵʵ̫ԣƻӶУֻðӵƱ˳ƱҲǲԣֻ¸ղź˵ʦöǰɡ
ָ޽ǣҲǴëǲǣ˵Ӱȡ֮еûǮҾҲûʲô캦°
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ָͷһԣʮӣ
ֲôżأʮ˼ܿģ̯˰ɡƻһ
˴֣ȫǶͽ̬ǷǶ˵㣬ֻҪǮˣһӮ
ƻһᣬֵǧݸ˵ЩǮҶ㣬ֻҪӮЩǮһ룬ҾͲո׸һȫˣǷµǮҲ㻹ϣĽոΪԳЩǮ
ʱǰһֱһ׬̾ӦˣӹƻǮȴЩ㲻ҪˣʲôпҰɣ
ǮϣˣʲôУƻͷȡԼһƣ˵ܽΣȥոңһŵԡ
ֻȻЦţȴм⡣
ӹƣϲ̵һסӣȻѾһȥˡ
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ϣ½İȻͽѾٵˣѾǵ٣˵Ҳûж⣬Լ˹Ⱥˡ
˵˵ƻģҲûжͣһֱӻո
ص֮Ҳ˵ܿûƻ˿·ˡ
ԻָЩʵôǸһ㣿
ƻһۣĻпջǶһɣҲ˽˽ЩͽһǴĹӮǮҲԻģֻȫ⣬һǷϱǧǮʱΨһָľңôܻ᲻أ
ô֪һأãӮأֻһǮȥģˣһǮǮ㻻һأȤʵ
ƻЦЦʲô˲֮ܳΪĹֻҪ˶ͻȫޣֱΪֹãһЩӮ˼ΣҲΪӮ⼸ΣԼȫӮ˵⣬̲סЦһοķҲɵӣôܻŹִ򣬾ԻϵǮȫθɾǷϸ߶ǮΪֹ
Ļȷʵôһ£ѵҲȥô˽⣿
ƻҡҡͷҲģΪףԲŲ׶ġ
Ҳֱӵ۾ЩףǲҲԼעġ
һʱ֮һĬ
ƻƿͻȻ˵ƻΪʲôã֮һĲأ
ƻûпֻ˵˵ʲô
ֻǲסüͷ΢壬¶ֿգ˵ģһĲǵĶעʲôĵʲô
ƻЩ΢գ˵ˣҲ֪˵ʲô
ȴӱܵĻᣬߣ֪˵ʲôشң
ͷƻ΢΢ҧҧ̧ͷ˵ʱ䣬ƽ͵ദɣҲĶһ̵
侲ÿԳƵĮƻһ̻ûססĴ
 

 

Ǻƻ˿̵侲ܹÿη޴ĶԼܹÿζᱻװԼ
ǴŶ⣬ȲľҪԵأƻʮֵĵִһѰƿˡ
ƻϵգеķŭȴͻȻЦˣЩ룬ѵַֻʽ˺侲
ͻأЦƻüͷĿ⼸ǲǶ̫ˣ
̵ۣԣ̫ˣ˻ΪڽҵĴԭһвֻҵĴ𣿡
ƻüͷ̲סĸĸԣ˵Ҳ㳳ܣ
ãǲǺú̸һ̸迴ʵ㵽ôҵģ
ƻ̲סָ˰üģǲֻ𣿡
Ϊʲôʵ뷨ô𣿡̲סʵ
ƻ˱۾ֻ÷굽˼㣬Ҳѵ˵滰ܷ𣿡
˵ѵٵҷ𣿡һŭûбѹס٣ǵͺѵû𣿣
ƻЩʧصӣҲĲУ͵ϴȥǰϵ˲䣬ȴͣסˣջ֣ƺѾָ侲
ڳȥҲ˵˵
ӣȴĪһңøղһƾƻйĳڣڷһǳĶ
һץסƻ󣬺ݺݵ˦Լϡ
ʲôƻϱԼָ׻Ѫۣ˲ŭ
һڴĿƻղҪ˵ʲô˵ɣ
⸱ӣƻһᣬһȭؿڣ㻹ҪҪ˵ʲôʲô˵ģԼ˵𣿣
ʲôû˵ƻ˵ץסһֻ֣ԼĻ档
ƻ߶ѾЩģס˵ûģûģҾһˣҵʲôѵûģ˭ҵĴ𣿡
Խ˵Խ㵽û˵˵һȣӦ֮ڵĹϵںҲɣΪʲôҪôңΪʲôҪǣΪʲôҪԼ⸱ӣһۣһ£
˵Ǳĺġ
ʹģ̲סһѰ˻ĸıҵĴҵĴ
ƻǳ״˻ϻӣ֪֮жеһȫƵҵǰһ㶼裬Ƕģ˵һĲעҵģĵģҲɰĸ飬Ҳһɲģ޴飬ҲҶģ
õϵᣬ֣ķŵԼؿڣܵҵģֻҪҵԶ䣬ΪӺܾúܾǰֻΪ
ƻ˿Լؿڵ̧֣ͷһ裬ֹסᣬЩҭ
ῴһ°ҵĴҲòģԭ͸ף㵱ʱûоܾңʱӦ⡣ҲףЩġ
ƻӣ֪ͺã
ЦЦ̫̰ˣôҲ㡣ƻңҲøôѹÿƲԼĸ̫ԼˣûʡڵƫִҲ㣬ûеԼʧˡ
ҲûôءôԼƻЩˡ
̲סЦͷһֱۣۣ̲סսƻ㲻ҪԭΪԼѾùˣˣȴǸëͷСһֱײ˵ûȷʵɡң޷иҲȻңһøãܹȫĵҡ
ƻҧҧ˵黰ı£ǲҪøˡ
ٺҲֻ˵ƻһߵ
ͳԵƻ䷢飬һסԼĶ䣬˳
ȴϣ˫ֳ࣬ԼĻղϲʹ￪ʼɡ
˵ţͣƻ̺Ĵϣȥ
ȣȵȣƻϾ˻һӡ
ȴòǰ˿֪ղŵЩףж༤㻹Ҫס
ʲôʲôף㣬㲻ҪᣡƻЩңҪȣȴѹס㣬ң
蹴һЦ߷аʲôƻҪʲô˵ƻļ䣿
 

 ײ

죡ƻһסԼĶ䡣
͵͵һЦ˵ˣ
ʱƽʱȫһȻᣬǴżԡĵľ룬ƺһѹӣֱ˵ĻǶˡ
ƻס۾мʧ裬ѵ𣿡
֣̿ƻܿԼô˵𣿡
ֻЩףΪʲô涼ҺϣԶ֪Ҫʲôƻ˵
迴ܵγˮûʲôɻģԭһԡҲǸ߹׷ġ
ƻмʧ׷𣿻Ǹ˵׷
мֲĵһĶͷҲʲôΣҲ̫ûзˣ
ƻԼĶͷüˮ˫ۿ
̲סһЦĸ࣬ռ˵Ķ
ƻһֲۣҪΪѾ޻˵
ĹĵģֻһĶҪˣûסͷһǡ
ʱƻͽŵı۾Ǹоͷһ֮Щȵ۾
ӣֵһĶͷڴʲô
裡ƻҧгݵĽһ֣ԼǱˣˣ
һ˵ı飬֮ǰ˼ĻӣھȻôյĺԼ̫ˣ
㹻ˣƻĥĥѲһȦҪ¿ڵĵط
˵ԺҾɣϾ๫ʵ̫ίˣ
ӣƻʵ̲סˣֱ͵˵ϣһںݺݵҧļϡ
ȴЦ˫ֻСĿĵˡ
ЦƻһѱסͷͷҧסĲӡ
赹һһѱס¶˶޿κε˵ˣҴˣɿ
ƻȫı仯ֻΪˣǵûɣҧˡ
ƺһƻֱۼǿסѹĳ嶯պţģˣƻŹҡ
ʾƻ̧ͷһĨһ죬´˵Ҿҧ㣡
˿̵ӣǻצӵСèһɰģս񾭡
̲סһڿˮ˵Щɬ㣬
ƻһʼЩɻ󣬲ڵ̱֮죬æҵľҪ
ɷǵûһעֵĻ
ڴʱͻȻһӱƿˣ߽ܿ˵ƻôѾ߶ûû˵꣬ϵ֮סˡ
ԼŮһѹͷңϻλεӡ
ϵˣҲͻȻİܿסˡ
ȷӦ˹Ͻϵƻƻ
ƻŷӦһѸٵŰܿҵĽ͵˵ǡ
ܿһ֣ϹһۣתŹˡǻǹ˵ȱȽϺá
һţֻֻţһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
˵ĲƻϽվЩ˵
ֹܿһۣдŭмʧʲô˵Ȼתͷ裬Ļӣҹ̲ܽϣô֪ܵ顣
֪ĸƻһŭίһӿŰܿ
һƻˣϽ˵ĸⶼҵĴҰƻˣϮҵģĲǸӣ
ʲôӣܿͻȻŭ⻹ѵǱһǵϹӣ֮ķΧ𣿣
תͷƻд⣬ʲôίģδ͸һ§§ѵǲ֪Ҿôǲǣ˵ѾˣҸܲˣ
ƻỹ˵Ůίĸ˵û
ίΪʲôҪޣܿȵ
ƻֱĨһ۾΢΢ʵûޣ
ĸղľ⡭ʵЩȥƻҪܿ͡
ܿϣĻӣҽѵŮǵļ£ûаֹϵ뿪
ô뿪͵ƻǰһҲ
ܿӵŭƻǾ㣬Ҳôǲǣ
 

 

ƻһƿ裬ߵ˰ܿǰҴˣ
֪˾ͺãܿѽ˽ȥҷ
忴һ۰ܿһϽ˵ˣʲôú˵ҷͲ˰ɡ
ܿŭҪǵӣȥȥ
Ҳ˽һڵĳ׹ͨһ˰ܿǰˣǧū澵ĴūûкúС㣬ҪͷҰ!˼ҷһǾϷˣʱôϷ˽ͣôԸ˵˱ģҲҪ˼С
ԼҪңҪʲôãܿŭתͷŽ壬ȥ
Ҳˣصİɣҷ밡
ܿδڣƻȴͻȻ˵˵ģҷ
㣡ãûӶȥˣ㻹ȥܿŭ
һסƻڲǶʱ򣬻Ǹ
ƻһ˦֣¸ûйϵ̧ͷŽ壬ȥûʲô𣿣
ʵҲİܿһʲôôҿ˿վ첽뿪ˡ
ܿؿھҵţͣ˵ţãóòᡣ
ƻȻҲʮֲ̣ҧʲôû˵
һҲòУʲôԿơǿܿʢŭӣһ˼ҷƻⲻҪܷϵ˶ûк䣬һ뵽ϼˣֱҪɱ
ȴʱ䲢һӤֵ
ܿùŭ
ƻ߹ߡ
ܿδ£һѱסĸ첲ˣˣС尡Ϳסģ
һʼܿЩǿƻһǿģû˰ֵԥŭʡ㿴ӣûаֵĻڸģǴˣҾ͵ûŮ
˵ţһƿ˽أֱӳƻıϡƿյХ˵һ¾˰ܿȫġ
ƻҧûзɫȴһ˲Ұס
һߵһ˹һѱסһ
ĸҵĴҲòŮ֮ķ䣬ⲻĴĸ㷣ҰѣҪٴˣ
ܿһŭĻʲôˣʲôʲôʸΪ飡ΪӣҲûȨֱ˼ҵļ£ÿ
еƻҲһƿҲŭ㻹⵷ʲôң
ôˣ鼱ֻ£ֱ̧˹һƴԼؿڣһѪ
ʲôƻһסЩҡεӣ𣿣
ܿҲһ𾪵Ŀ
Ŷ԰ܿ˵ĸҵĴƻ֪ܵҲңûаϵĸһΪֹ
˵ŽƻƿûаֳɵԼԼؿһƣһѪһûа취վ̱ء
ƻһӿ˳޴ĽﲻӿѪԽشȥ½İȻ
ҲŷӦϽ˽ȥ
ܿһĻһ±һ㣬һӵϡ
Ͻʵˣˣû°ɣ
һطܿɫɷףƣһ˲ʮģ
ƻϽ˵Ůһ¾͹ȥĸĸĪˡ
ܿȴֻޱĿһۣȻŽ֣ͷҲص뿪ˡ
еʧĺƻҲʮֵʹԼеǻѪ뿪
һô࣬ɱΧʱ򣬶ûܽȴΪԼ˳ӡ
ֿ˿ȣ̧ĲϵᣬԲ𣬶Ҳί
ƻһ仰˵ֻܲͣҡͷ᲻ͣӿ
ޣûµġ˵ֲ꣬ͣĿһѪ
½İȻһžͿĳҲһϽ߹˭˳ӵģ
ƻңΪң
½İȻһӣҲ֪ʲʲôֱӿһԱߵĽأĴæ·Ҳûļʡ
ؾͼ򵥽һǰ½İȻذ
˵꣬Ҳ˻裬ЦԼµȥ֣תͷԿ޲ͣƻͷˣˣ
ôƻĨһᣬʵ
½İȻƳһۣؿ߹ǶѪΪѵ߹Ρ˵ôʹ㾢ֱӰ϶ã
 

һʮ 

ĻԼѪһЦºȷʵ̫ˡ
Ц㻹ֱЦƻŭ˭ˣĸû书Ҽ֣
һҲУؿڣۣʮһٱˣĲˣ
ƻס죬ޣޣʲôģ
ЦЦһס֣Լﴧ
ǶĲİѪĻȥģ½İȻĿˣóһҩƿϽҩˣѪµʧѪǲǣ
ϣҩܿͲٿѪˡ
½İȻƻͽ˵ȳȥҪǡ
ƻͽؾ˳
عţתͷͿƻվ㶵ĿԼѪ˫֣ЩĵĽһС㡣
ƻ̧ͷһۣ΢΢˹ʾԼû£Ȼ˵ȥĸǡ
֮󣬽վУ˽ӭȥдѯʡ
ƻҡҡͷ˼û¡
һ˵ͷָָ䣬ʾǷ棬˴š
ƻҲͷȸԼЩˮϴһߵ䣬ţҡ
ûжƻֱ˽ȥ
ܿϣ۾Ŵ⣬Ҳûлͷ
췣ƻ˵
ܿתͷһƬƽֻʵĻû°ɣ
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ƻ͵̧ͷſǻ治۸ˣǻ
ĻͶͱܿƳһۣ
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һȻӣܿˣ֮׾ͺá־֪ǳ֮ǰЩԽ鷢
 

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ܿͷ΢΢̾˿ҲһֱˣΪǶзִģ㻹Ǹӡ
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˺һᣬƻڷƺȵЩץץͷת˴
ش߽ӣС㣬ҩ˯ɡ
ƻƵһԼҩ
 

һʮ 

ת죬Ͼû˯ãƻҲһ硣
ЩģһҪѩӡ˿գոŵƽʣƻһžͿ˶æ
ҲһϲŴ߹Ц˵ǷдģСϡ
ҿƻӹչһۣѰļ黰ʲôȰĺ塣
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ƻȥʱ򣬰ܿڰдŶ֣ҵʵЩò֣ĸĻдɣ
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ܿ߹ȥ˴ʮĵͷȻƻֶ
ֺãֻǿдô࣬һˣŶֵġƻЦ˵
ܿ˵ıӣС𣡡
˰Ѷ͸ϸˣĸŮ˱緹ȥϷ
ԷʱƻһĲɵӣܿҪӶС
̾һеĿӣʵĻ˯ˣ
ôʣƻҲ˿ӣ˵ȥ½ҽˡˣƶ½ҽҲϣ˯ڸˡ
ŵӣ̲ܿס̾һôŪҸԧĶƵģǰôġ
ƻֻЦȴ̲ס̣ô˵ҪԼ£һ˵
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ܿЦҡҡͷ˵Ȼ͵ȻɣǱϷﻹôһĲɵӣҷ飬øϷ˽أ
סƻ˵
ȥϷ밲ʱ򣬼̶Ѿˣ߽Ҳͺֵ˵˼仰
Ϸƻ֣Цʱ򿴵ҰĴſˡ
ƻЦŵͷˣĸôô۵λˣֲã²ҪЦˡ
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ܿҲ֪ѾһˣҲ¶˵ʲôӵСҲûж˵ʲô뿪ˡ
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ƻһܽȥ𣿡
½İȻҲû˵ʲôֻǲһӣÿһ·
ߵߣƻͣ˵Ȼ⻰˵Щ֣лл㡣
½İȻ˹⻰ǲ֣ûбҪΪˣ쾭塣
ƻЦҡҡͷǺãû˵˵˽ȥ
½İȻͷһۣҲ˳ȥֱӸǹ˷š
ڴϣЦɫȻ԰ף˿ڸǲеᡣ
ƻҲ̲סЦߵĵϡ
ЦʲôڵӺܺЦ𣿡мɻĿ
ƻЦЦ˵ǺЦִֻҵĸоΪˣȴˡ
ȷʵǡ迴ңڴϵҡ
ƻϵЦݵ˼֣ʵЩ𣿡
һҪ޵ӣۡҪķȴ˻
ƻȴһס֣ôңû̡
跴ס֣Բֻǲ˺㡣
ƻҡҡͷ쵽Ѿ˵ܶԲˣҲˡûʲô˺Ȼ鷢չЩҵ󣬿ɼȻѾģҲ˳Ȼ𣿡
 

һʮ ƭ

ҲҡҡͷͻȻĲǲĸǱˣ˵һôµ顣飬Ҳȫûɵĺ̫˽ˡ
飬ƻмֲʣɿ֣ͷ˵鲻ǶѾ̸Ҳ㡣
ƻеʱĲҪô̾һ
ƻ̧ͷʵŮ֮ĸ飬Ҫһˣ㣬Ҳᰮκˡ㣬Ϊ㣬ܽܡʵҲףôԭֱĸ飬ֱ֮ĸ顣
ƻȴֵּĻңЩϣ˵ȥ
˵ꡣƻȴֹ˵ҳϣҶи顣Ҵϵõ̫̫ࡣҼ޸㣬ʵףҪҰĽ㡣ôܰĽȥأôһԼأǰɲҪ
ϽסƻҪô˵Ҫô½ۡҲ㣬㲻ҪŹ
㿴жôʹ࣬Ѿʼòˡƻûֻ֣ǿ۾мֱ˵ԲңʱԼҲеҡ
Ķͷвʹ࣬ƻҲƽ㲻ܾҵ̡Ұ㣬ʲôҶҵķɺģ㶼ˣ㲻ܾ
ƻҲסͷ΢΢ͷסĴ
ȴһѰƿҲҪƻҲҪ۵İοң㲻Ҫ𣿡
ƻǿ⣬촽΢΢ö˵һ
ĳĬ輸裬ƺѳһѾٻһУһȴ򶨣Ҫǰ
޴ıʮֵ侲ֻвܿƶüй©ƻҪô˵ôջľ
ƻЩʹסԼϣͣͲǰҲһҹž˽ǵĹϵ
ʱһеľֱ˵ļѡǿ˽⣬һ˿˿ĸȴţԲ
ҲԥԥһѶ۵и˵Ѫ⡣
Ҳ𣿡迴óƻʹ࣬ȴȴֲòʲôԼϵķһЩٴһЩ
һ˵ƻڲżҪˣ뿪ú𣿡
ƻҲϴһķԼ֣ϵıǴܵģҶ֪ҾȻԥˡ
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ƻû˵˸Ѿ¶ĵĻš
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ֱסƻҵĻУѵܲůͰȫҵԶеĶࡣ
ƻƿ㲻˵ٱ𣿡
Ҳٱ㣬ֻ㿴ġָؿڣƭ㡣
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Ը˵ܿҲЦЦʵôˣ
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ܿͷߵĻûü˵ƻ˵ЩˣȻȥϢˡ
Ȼ״̬̫ԣǰܿҲûжʲôطˡ
ص֮Լˤ˴ϣԼؿڡ˵ʲôƭôأܣӦòɡ
 

һʮ Ϧ

ƻٷûдãܿͽ
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ƻӴ͵ҷɡ
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̻ܿӣʵôȷԶأ
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Ļ̸𣿡ܿʵ
ƻͷ̸ˣû
ܸ˵ЩҲԼáֻǣ˵ǻܽܶ飬ǾԽ˸ʱǻɱθ飡ܿ˵
 

һʮ 練

ƻãŵͷˡ
Ƚȥˣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡܿ˸ĸ첲˵
ƻȷʵҪһЩʱ䣬˵ͷ뿪ˡ
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ô󣬽ħԼվЦʵ
ƻȻûкɫйϵ𣿡
Ц˵ҲǵĽô˵ġ
ƻתͷۿαôʵģұ˭㣬ѵǱ˭
˵ʲôôЩأϵЦЩҲסˡ
ƻЦһôѵûȥһǸٺе𣿡
㡭ЩŵĿ
ʲôƻЦһô֪ģȻǴӼٺģȻΪֱӾͰɽι𣿡
̰첻˵Цôŵˣеʱ̫СˣּΪù𣿡
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˵ԼͣоԼʵжô޴
ƻӣеļЦԽڵӣʲôţΪԼܶĹң֪Ϊʲô㣿Ϊֶ֣Ҹ᲻ʲôȤҪŪֱ練ƣ
⻰̳׷ŭˣΪʲôϷ˵ĳ谮ΪԼж˲ˣ
ƻȤûˣϵ̻˵꣬Ҳ˸׵˰ɣҩ޸˭˵Ϸ˻᲻ҵأ
ƻɱ㣡̵ͳ˹ҪĲӡ
ȴһзĽһѸ˼һƨ˵ϣ
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ƻ㲻ҪΪвҾãһ죬һҵĽ£ԭһУ̰춼ûվȴ˵Щݻ
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㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ǵ̻ڽš
ƻشûжãʱͲൽˣϷˡ
ϷɫҲЩ԰ף˿ңҲû˵ʲôֵ֣ĲߵԺС
˿˶ˣߵ㰸ǰ˹Ʒһ¹˳ռҲʢ١
㣬Ϸ˱㱻ַ֣ŻȥϢˣռҲûҹĴͳοһҪȥа꣬ƻͰܿҲȥϢˡ
ƻϴߣһ۽յĴ֪˿һվڴ⡣󵽣ɫôĲ԰ס
ĺھƿȴ˿ЩôֻܱԼ˴Ϩ˵ơ
迴ƻĵ԰׵Ĵһȣ૵ܸһȹϦҹҺܸˡ
̾Ϣӣûȥˡ
ͷ⧲ĿʼԣϽѹת뿪ˡ
۾ڴϵƻĿ΢΢һۡӵű̾ϢһԼȥ
ԽʲôȴָӵıסͷƻӦԼԲˣ𣿣
ƻٷȥУȹһ
ûϢ𣿡ܿ߹ƻ΢΢üʵôĨ˷ۣǲסôɫ
ƻͷЩû˯ãûµģȥ·˯һᡣ
ܿͷҲֻˣ߰ɣϷ˵ˡ
ϷҲһٵӣ˴кȥˡ
һˬĴ˶һǹˡƻӣһҵԽУƻһҲ
ܿôҲƻƻ̺ӣԼϣ˯һɣһ㡣
ƻͷû˯ãЩԲʱȫû˼ģܿ˯˹ȥ
оûжãͱܿˣô𣿡
·ߵĺѾʱˣû˯ɣܿƽЩҵķ˿ָͷϵķΣűȸղźöˡ
ƻЦͷ鵽ļϣû˯ǾȥһЩҲģ˯һɣ
Ϸ˶Ѿ߹һˣҲݣӦúֻܿˡܿЩε
Ȼ⻰˵ûã֣־˵С˿³ɣǸýˡ
ƻһίǰܿǸ·˱Ƣ³ɡ
 

һʮ 

ƻͰܿſڵ٣Ǵӳ˵ע⡣
ƻѾϰΪͲ⣬ֻǵһԼϵı飬º͵ǲ׽Ц⣬Ϸȥ
ЩȵУƻ̾͸ܵͬߣǵЦ󼸷ֶ֣ׯһųվķ򿴹ȥ
Ȼطƻһ˲˵λãȻٵĳգգ۾Ȼ˹ǽ֮ڡ
վһˣһЦҲŸԵ߽˹ڡ
һŮ죬ȻʺжȥƻѾְʱûнˣ֮乬ڵľѾ֮ǰȫͬˡڵѾȫܿӻ
ȫǿǵĻ
ܿ͵˻ʺĹУʺѾʢװȴҲѾ˼ھ
Ϸһ߽ЦϷˡ
Ϸ˴ǹ񣬲Ц˵ˡ
ô񡣡ʺ󽻵˿
Ц˵Ҳʱܺúһ˵˵ˡ
ʱ䲢û̫µĺۼ˸Ӻݻ󣬿ԻʺɫѾӦķǳˡ
ֻĿʮֵºͣƻʱǹϲҲʮֵС
ƻʺ֡
ƻһϷ˿΢΢ͷȥ
ʺжȵӣиӵϲǵаûˣƺֳ߲٣ģҲԽˡ
ƻЦ˵л佱
ʲô佱˵ʵˡʺתͷϷ˺Ͱܿ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱϷ˺ͷԸˣʱҲܶڹҡ
Ȼ֪᪵Ļ£ʺô˵Ȼɫ죬ҲŸ
׵̿ڻʺߵƻ½ǵָ΢΢ףŵǺ⣬ףΪʲôƻЫĳˣȴôûʺϲ
ǰϲԼģƻİȫˣһģһ
Ϸ治ɫ˵⺢ӴСͲҵߣջҲûм꣬ȷʵЩ˽Щӡ
ʺҲ˵ͷЦǱļˣôõĹŮôżҲġ
ҲЦȻŶռҺͻʺĹά
ȻһģյǷǳãûãط㶼˽
ƻڸߴһ۱ܿ˵Ĳͬ
ԭΪҪ޵ؼңطļû뵽ֻһͨҡǿΪֹºִݣϱ֮Ҳóʮֺ
ط޵ľѱ˾ȻǸ߼ޣж֮ȴھнϵĹҲࡣಽɼ̵ʮֺá
ƻа̾ȻԸмָңϲ˱Ƚϣкǿʤδػ棬ЩҲˡ
طȴƽΪ˴¶ºͣʵʤͶ٣ԸҲûĻ
⼸ϵҲ֮࣬ļ涼һЩСС棬ԼҲһЩСֺãЩˡ
˿һ͹վͷҲ̧͵͵̧ͷһɫȻѾˡǻϵƤ
ƻ̲סЦЦһüЩղ˼
ʺҲǴܿͼ뵽档
½½˼ˣܿϾԺյŮ졣
˵˵ЦЦʱҲĺܿ죬ʱҲܿ쵽ŵʱ䣬ұƲһڡ
ʱƻܺ˵ϻΪһֱڻʺߣѾʮֵĸߵˣʵǲ˵ע⣬˱Ҫû˵ʲô
жòˣ˵ǲˣɺЩˣȻĸ첲ʵ
ƻתͷЦҺöˣȻҲǲǡ
طҲЩǵ˵ɫȷʵЩãҲˣȷʵá
ĹĻƻʮůģԼ˵ܿɫҹû˯ãѾ߸Һúøһˡ
ǸǾܸסġ˵ҲһǷҲû˯ãżҹϰߣҲΪҪ˯Ҳܺۡ
ƻһѣע̬
ŸϽסԼƻٵգգۡ
ˣôûƵççײײġطһ߹˵
Щ죬Щŭĵһۣ㻹ѵˣ
طЦҲңĸҽѵС㣡
Цһվһߵƻǰʱ⡣
ôûаʵ
 

һʮ 

Щε˵˯ϽƢȻţ۾ûд
ܾòˣ϶ɡƻЦʵ
ͷıӣֱϲˣҲ˸ĹΪһĸ׵Ĺ԰ɡ
Ϸһɵ̣ǲǵƲ̸ЦӣеļԽԽ
ѣЩԭҲģΪʲôΪʲôˣӦģ
ĲϷתͷһ̡
ϽԼı飬һۣλСĸá
ϷҲ˳۹⿴һۣ˵ͷѾͷҲ۹Ǻõġֿ˵㣬кཻܶõĽôȥһģʲô
һ˲ѿ̹ɵ˵̶ֻĸ
Ϸֺγ֪˼ֻǵĿһۣǱ߸ҰɣעԼУŮҲܱ˿Ц
Ů̵ִۣаľȻȴҲòһ˳ӣ˵ͷ
ߵƻûвֻȤĿɫï˵Ȥ£˵Ķ˵ĻȤЩϲҸĹʡ
Ҹ˲࣬ҸԼҲоԵĸˡ
һۣȴطϵİΪģֻΪҲѾ꣬ò׻ϵĺӣȴڲǰСˡ
ؼҲһңҲڴ˲δþȢңò׵ĺûˣ֪طپӲù
ҲѾûΪؼҵŮİپĴĥѾһСĽЩӵŮӡ
Ҳƺǵǰһ˿ϢҲǰһһЩΪŮĽ
ƻ̾Ϣס˻ϲˣ˵ôҲÿʵûţǵǱûĲ裬ҿ˲ûС
һҲ̰Ѷӵ׵һߣһĽ䣬ֿʼ衣
ӵ飬طһƻЦЦȻƻ⣬ЦдֻԼܹĿɬ
һ룬ͻȻƻ˵԰ӦǲŶԣռҴС㣬һʵǲס
еĲƻЦЦ˵ãңǺȡ
ЦİĲݸ
Ȼסطĸ첲Ц¿пڸˡ
طмֲڵĿ˿Լֱۣ˹ǰĸˡ
ɲǣҲңҪȻˡ˿ûве⣬Ц˵
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طһۣϵЦݸӵĲȻдżֵǸĿƻ
ƻҡͷΪʲôҪԼǸأӦöŶԡĸеǸΪĻԼ
˲裬˶ϣЦҵ˲ûС
ţֺһСڣϸϸƷһ£ûпڡ
Աߵط̾ȻǺò裬öûкȵôõĲˡ
ЩֵĿһֿۣ˿ԼеĲˮⱭɬζ㣬ѵûкȳ
Ҳûв̨˼ֻЦŵ˵ͷеĲ豭ƻһۣЩ顣
ƻĿ⣬ԼӺһڲ裬Ҳŵһߣûٶ
ûһᣬط㱻˹ȥҵĹ󸾺ѣĽУҲֻʣƻˡ
Ѻȡվǰ⻰˵˳
ƻűӻ˻ĲˮǰѾûˣȻúȡ
̾һĲá
ˣǶֺαˣƻҲ̾Ϣ
˿ɫĪҪϾԺݣò
ƻͲɵҵ𣿡һʱԵӣЦЦ˵ʲôˣ㶼ôͲأǵݣ֮ʲôϵ
ƻмּе˼ԭЩҲǵϡ
ƻҲ˼ֻЩס̲ס̾һˣ˵û˼ЩԼ
Ҳûʲô˼ȻЩֺ㣬ҲóҲʮֵĹ㡣˵
 

һʮ 

˵⻰ƻмֲݣ˵ô˵ܲˣ֮ǰһˡƽɷҲСʱ򣬺οǸСֺãҲϣԺܰһѰɡ
ƻ۲˿˿⣬ΪʲôôȷһܰôȷԺһԺգ
⻰üͷ˿ܣѹ˵˵̫ӡ
ƻЩӵĿҲȷԼǲؿƿǾһҪһġ
ԣ˲ԶϷ˺Ͱܿһۣ˵ĸĸ׶ݻԼؼ̫ӵҲû˼
ľҲɲƻ˵ô̫ӵ£Ӧʮǣƭ˵ģ
ƻЦЦӦ˵ƭ˵ıˣȴƭңĶģǸоġ
мֻȻƻһʱ֪ΰο뷨УûгƻԸ¡
ƻԭӪΥԼļҲûеơ
ֻмֿɬЦЦҪ÷ʧˡ
ȴҡҡͷһҲ˵
ƻһվھʮ־нطһۣˣҶỤһݡ
ҲطʵҲʮֵĲȷƻŵһ˵ֻϣطסġ
СӹôҸҲʮֵĸˡƻԼѻ
ᣬżҶҲҲɣԼҲ֪ˡ
ƻͷӻͳһƿҩݸѪҩ˺ӣܹпǷģúòһһᶨ˸ȥġ
µҩƿ΢죬ȦҲˣﶼ벻ŵ飬ȴˡ
ϴдŲһ䣬ȻҪúõƻЦʱҲãҲѧЩ
Щס֣þò˵һ仰ҲҪúñ塣
ƻЦŵ˵ͷ
﷢һطԿѾ˼ֵĺ⣬Ҳࡣ
ǰܸоƻԴ̬ȾǲһġѾʮŬֺˣǲһġ
ҲĲֺƻʵȴòͷòȥԼϲ顣
ϯܿͿʼˣݵ˷û˽Ļᡣ
һٷ˵˵ЦЦԵĺ극֮һһ죬Ҳŷ׷׸뿪
ϷȻ˼ƻ壬ǻǵ˲һʱ򣬲Ÿˣż˴Ӵ˳
ߣƻ԰ܿϷ˵ĸĸףǿɷһȥһеҪ飬ҪһŻȥ
ϷȻģҪʲô飿
ƻҲĸҲ֪õĽãҲûй˵˵仰һ˵Щٻȥ
Ϸ˲ͬ⣬Ҫ죬Ƕ뵽ոͱˣֺαĵš
ϷˣҵС㶼ˣһĻʵǲ࣬ȵȣһȰɡܿһȰ
Ϸ˿һֿۣ˿ƻǿӦðɣһȰɡתͷԽ˵úտС㣬Ҫˣ
ظϽͷƻҲлԼվһߵȺˡ
û˳ƻվмɻĿһۣԼŽ˼䣬˹
ôվʲôֽ˽ƻϵĴ멣΢üͷ˵
ƻЦЦڵȷЩҪ˵˿ǱߵȺˣ˵ùˣŶڵˣЩȥɡ
ͷһۣϾ˼ҵϱΪǺõͷӦҲˣҸܷĵطվŵȣˡ
ƻͷ뿪ˡ
Źţûʲô顣ʵҲЩףԼΪʲôҪɭĺվ
ϲôµˣֻҪطǰڵİҲЩĲ¡
ǳ֮һ棬˿ǴųеˡķңճвͬҲò˼
طǱȻ᪵ĻԼûϰү󳼽ɡ
Ժټ棬ǳһΰ˵Ķһ
˵ûеȺܾãͿط˳
ӭȥ˰ƻ³çЩҪ˵ˡ
ҲʮѺãطҲ⣬Ц޷ǽҲûʲô˵ֻɫˣСһ˻ЩȥΪá
 

һʮ 

ֿ˿ߵط˵С˵ɣȥϵ㡣˵鶼мư
طɵĵͷŶƻ˵ͷƲ뿪ˡ
˵ʵطмֲ죬ʲô鲻Ӻ˵ƫҪ˿˻룿ѵ˵ǽ𣿣
Զƻʱ̬ҲǷʱʮֵĺãֱʵʲô£
̬ƻ΢΢һΪԼ˾̬ȣЩˣҲûж룬ֻǴӻͳһŷݸ߽͵һҩ½ҽģ˵ܵ壬иЩ
طһӦסˣҩЩŵĸо
ѿҵĲԣ½ҽķܱҵЩЩ֮ǰûлᣬֻ㽻ˡƻ飬ЩǸ˵
طŽӹҩƻЩӡ
ƻһЦ˵֪ǾأСˡҲʲôˣҲǰھӣһֱû
طıһ˿ѺۣϽͷԸƻ
ԵĻҲ˵ˣⷽӺúýŰɡ˺ӣҲ㿴ɫˡƻҲ˵϶ô׽ǰֱۡ
طȴһץ֣Ѿ⣬һΪҺܹǲһģû뵽㾹Ϊ롣
ƻмΣҶףʵһֱŵҳʱҵչˡҶڱˣһֱҲϧǵꡣ
طеվ㣬Ҽֱ޵ݡ
ޣһô͡ƻݸһ־ҲпǷֱӸ˳ҩҾñϾһõḶ́ҩҲҪԼأֱӿҩȥҸһ߸
˵ֿһ۾˵ʱ磬Ҫ˵Ҳ˵ˣŵùңԺ¿硣
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ȥɡƻ
طĵ˵ͷʱ䲻Լ˵ʲôѾȥƻдˡ
ƻŶԽ˵Ҳȥɡ
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ظϽһӣְ̯ӸϣСһ
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ңҡӣ˵ˡ
صոɫѾȫ˸Ϸ˵һȥ˰ܿŻصԼķ䡣
ǸѾߣҲǽڷиʰ̡
ƻһۣȻȻ뵽裬ȻѾǲǹ⣬ʱֵҲ㲻мΰܿҲ
еߣƻ˵Ҳίˣ쿪ʼźɡ
ǣū澶лС㡣ϴЦ⣬ϾҲһֱűƻصһ졣
ƻһ˵ֻԺȻߵˣöϵϵǶˣҲԼ߻һϢ
ɫЩףϽͷӦˣūСѾߣһб˼
ױãȥɡƻ˻֡
ذƻȡͷϵӣ˵һ׵ġ
ƻͷŵɣǸ׵ҲͰˣǣߡ
ж΢΢һ٣ΪˣС빫Ӳ𣿡
ԭΪƻ죬ֻǴӾ￴һۣ΢΢̾Ϣһ˵ҲĲ𣿡
ҡҡͷʵūͷҲЩԹӵġַС㣬ȴƫƫײƣūҲһôС㣡⼸Сö࣬ū澿ˣСҲ̫һ
Ȼ˵ô࣬ƻЩȣЦЦ˵ⲻЩԹˡ
صͷû˵
ƻ˵飬һĲ죬ôȫҵԸǲԸ⣬Ҳܽҵ
С˵΢΢ü
ƻЦЦǲʮֵĻĵһΪ־壬ƽȴѵģܶĶΪҲΪʲôԸ׽ȴһֱ
 

ٶʮ Ѿ߻

ƻⷬڽЩھˣ𾪵İ춼ûлع
ˣƻ̾һӦø㽲Щ
̻񣬸ϽҡҡͷС㶼綼˵ūˡ
ƻЦЦȴת˻⣬ƻ𣿡
ĲԸ˵ˣ˵ͷ˵ˣСĸͷ
ƻЦЦЩˡأ
ĸɷϼˣһ˲ףǲˡֻش
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Ц˵ôСȻԺ£ԭٻƽǺø
ƻЦЦСƽʱҲˣҲһԺùá
С㣡һ죬ЩֵĽһ
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СƽѾˣǲҪΪЩĺáظϽ˵
ƻЦڸв֪ҸһġҪԺĸ׸ǲٳ֣᲻ǵ
ֻüЩϽ˵СǧҪǵţǸǺòԺ󲻳ޣС㼸ꡣ
żӣƻ̲סЦǾ͸һ㣬Լץɫһ
ؿɲҡͷˣϽͷӦˡ
źƻϴ꣬˴˳ȥϽЩ¸˽ǡһµóһۣСһˣ
һҹ޻ڶһ磬ոճԹȻؾһϲɫ߽˵ˡ
ܿҲʮֵĸˣ˸Ͻ˴
һ˵Ĵ磬װ׻ȹӣӷ࣬Ƥ𪣬ĵٸЩ
վһ޳׳ĺӣòڣżֺ񣬵ͷмֵľн
ƵɷˣҲռҵļӣ䡣ԭڳ﹤ģҲͶϡϷҪָ˵ʱѾͷһѱһԼȫȻҲͳɾ׮¡
ں棬һҸģƻͷҲʮֵĸˡ
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ƿ̾ͺۿĸ˿ͷ
ƻϽ˰ǻ𣿻ôʲô
ʶĸ˸ԼСеҲҸȡӦõġ
ߵҲվЩСĻɼ˸ܺá
ƻ͵ӣϵЦҲղסϽýذѰõĺ͹ȥЩţӡ
ʹʹãƸϽȴ޵ʱСѾū˲ٵļױټϷ˺Ϸ˵ģǮūˡ
С⣬°ɣһȰ
ҲƻƢֻˣȻһл
ǿ죬СڶҪˡܿתͷһ۽ЦҪֵˡ
Ͻ˶㣬ƻ˵ˣϰܿᣬ⻹ܲܺˣ
ƻһۣĴЦ
ܿЩףҲЦЦҲ˸һ
˵˵ЦЦʱҲķɿ죬ƿ˿ʱվҪˡ
ƻŰϸ˵˵ˡ
һļū澵ȻԸ⣬ūζصСźС㣡
㣡ضߵ˵Ӳᡣ
СĵĸᣬС˵Ǹ˵£ɱˣС˶ء
Ƶ˵ͷ˵Ķԣÿޣÿޡ
ƻһЦ˵㻹Уչźӣ±ԡ
лС㣡޶˵
ˣܿ̾⺢Ǹиģҿ۵ý˵ҲûиĸֻһҲڸеȻЩҲû߰Ĺϵ
˵꣬̾һ˵ˡ
ҲƻЦ˵
ܿ˵̫Զˣ֪ҲһӡҲţϢҪУͷܹǲġ
ĸҪҾȥڸҸ¡ƻ˵
ܿȴҡҡͷʵҲ˵˵ѾˣɷҲ뿪ռңǲԸٻźˣǰŵҲʹˡ
ƻͷҲͲ˵˵ˡ
ǽͿǲЦˣץץܿһ˵
ƻЩˣһ۰ĻҪҲˣ
ĽĬĬİƿƻߣʹѵһִͷ˵Ҳǹˣ
 

ٶʮһ 

תֹ죬˼գѩ
ӳϦտʼƻҲûȥ½İȻԺӣȻżȴҲûκεİ취ʵԼóȻжֻƻԽԽԶ
ҲܵޱȵĴܣǰƻദӣûмжĽƺֻܿһˣڰģǿ԰һ˵ģ
һѾİ˷ֿƻҲȫûиоߣ㾡еİΪʲôȴܰԼ
ѵ伫ĸԤҲûа취ˣƻʹҲᰮ
뷨ֱ궼ŤˣҪһС
½İȻոˣȻı仯ʵǲ˵Ļָ˵ΪʲôҪ㣬ҲȥԼ﷢ʲôã
迴һۣɫʮֵƽĬһ˵Ҳ˵Ҫһôһֱң
˵ɣ½İȻһߵϣԼһ裬һϴģ
迴ЦЦֻɲҪҵɹǷӣˡ
ҽʬҲǾˣ㲻ҲûаҰˡ½İȻƳһۣ˵
ɴЦ֮׼ͺá֪ҲŹ֮˵ʵЩ˼Ҳò¡
㲻ô̵棬ֱӸҵʲôˡ½İȻһӣЩ͵
˵̵滹бҪĲΪЩţҲЩ
ĥˣϽ˵
ôĥĥģȫ½İȻĺĸ
ֱֱĿ˵ġ½İȻһûģ˵ûҲûѾˣȴֻصʮʱ򡣡
½İȻͫһ䣺㿪ʲôЦǿ侲ı飬ò⻰ʵԡ
Ѿͷһֱѹͷ飬һйĳڣҲٹ½İȻôķӦֻ˵ǶΥҶƻִţǿ֪ʬʱεĻں־ǰһִţӲ뿪ôǰ
ΪûҰģûûȨܹסҾԲִ᷸һȡ£õģ籡
½İȻֱӰַ˼׵Ժ󣬶Щ֮ԱǣҲϢˣЩ뱧ͷȻΪһŮˣ
迴һۣ¶ʹǶ¸ȤǰҲ֮ˡ˵ûϢΪûоʧȥ綼ʧȥ˹ʡΣӴ˲ǹһˣһʬˡ
½İȻƲƲ죬İѰ۷ϣԼʥˡ
ƳһۣƺҲûʲôܵʲôţ
ţ½İȻЦһǱŵ˻ֱ꣬ûػ˺òã
̿Źֵ½ҽҲǳ˿ɱȡ
ȹάңڻһ״̬ҪǻعһҲδ֪½İȻЦ˵
ȴ֪ʵѾԼ˵˵ǰͽѾͬˡǰıɹʼ˵Ĺ켣ѾȫͬˡѾǸܵңƻҲǸżֵ
㲻øЩ½İȻ˰֣ʾ˵ЩѾ㹻ˣҲӰҡǰʲôǰҾʲôѾıʲô㶼ûбҪҡҸ֪ǰΣǰΣΪЩ޹ءļǵҵĿǰģþҲҵδڴ˵Щң
мֳɣҲԣ˵ûÿһ춼ոµģǰûκιϵ
˾ͺãǾ˵һ˵ʲô½İȻûһʹģ
̾һ˵ֻǾԼѾıô࣬Ϊʲôûаңѵվǵвˣǲǻᰮɱˣ
½İȻ˿Щҵı飬ʶԣȻ˵ŽѾȫͬԼȴǰ޷
Щֻһص㣬ƻװ㡣½İȻܿץסĺģ⣬Լ˼ƻٴҲ϶شɣ
Լüģɫְ˼֣ҵҲңƻ޶Եģңǰҵġҵıȴ˵ԥ˵ֻΪҵ׷ϣҵĿȲҡˣİҡ
 

ٶʮ 

½İȻ裬ֻмİ̲סЩŭ㵽׻㲻ˣûϢӣҪ˵ƻκһŮ˼ᵹθڣ
ƽʱһᲨܴˣͻȻһĻüͷҲ΢΢һʱû˵
½İȻʹְ˰ǿմЩҲյ˳
ҶЩʵ᲻Ȥ˵ҲӦ˵ˣҲָˡʣµԼɣȻȥˡ
½İȻ˵ֱ꣬վҲûıֱ˳ȥ
˺ԶȻͣס˽Ųķ俴һۣ˰üģҲԱ˵ܸȤˣ
½İȻ֮ãųһ˵Щȷʵظĸо˼ĳ̶ȣһֱԼѹ̫ˣҲҪͷһ֡
ϾƻͬƻǰǴԽߣȻû뵽Լ˴ԽľĽܶҪߺܶࡣûôҪʵֵĿģһֱҪĸףһո
ȴǵһξ飬ͣıԼӰ죬ȴձĥҲӦѧѧʲôͼ֮
̾һ˫߬ƻļᶨʹʹҲȴ֡Լ⣬ƻ˵ƫִ£һԼֱסƻĿռ䣬֮ĸĿռ䡣
ͬƻȷʵҪ࣬Ϊ̫ԼҪʲôʹԼԻڴϣԶһ־ѵ״̬
ûŽûм⼸죬ÿûʲô仯û̫
ɾΪߵ˾̫
ôնԺдţûȥĻ𣿡
ƽ޲ӣܿʵڵģֱӵʵ
ƻ̧ͷһۣƺЩɻôͻȻ裬ҪûбҪȥ
ƺʮֵĺ̬ȴǰྶͥԵЩˡ
ܿһ˲ǴӳϦտʼǲǣͺܲԣǲǳˣ
ƻɺƽҲû̫ĸײʹˣҲ˵̸Щ飬ǲûгܡ
һĻսģʵ
ƻеĿӣ˵֪ϣܺúõģ֮ģҲӶܻҵһֽ취ͲҪٹˡ
ܿüͷ֮ǰ״̬Ѿͨˡ
ƻĻǿһ飬ﲻҪˡ
еͼ֣ܿջһ˵ͷãҲˣԼ
ƻҲ˵ͷӼԷ
ܿһۣ˵Թ˷ȥĸɣҲһֱܵ塣
áƻ˵ͷ
ȥϷ˷ʱֻһϷ˷ǿ޹˽Ͻ˲Լϵᣬվ밲
ƻһۣһֱôֲ֣֪Ҫʲô۶ӡ
ܿ۸ҲǺܺãֱտ޹ӣֻЦ
Ϸ˰ƻߣһ۵˵ôûࣿӻûд𣿡
ܿƻһۣ̾Ϣôص˼ôܲݡ
ƻЦЦĸһǿˣϵ⣬ˣ˵Լϵ
ϷһЦˣˣǰҲ󲻳⣡
˵꿴һƻǸѾߣʵСѾߣ
ԣܿ˵ͷԽ˵ﻹϷ밲
վ˳񣬡ū澽Ϸ밲
Ϸ´һ¾أҲм⣬˵ͷ˵ɡӼȻ㣬һ˵ı֣úźˣɲҪΣ
ū澽Ϸ˵ķԸ˵
Ϸ˵˵ͷתͷƻ˵ѾͷǺǰǸЩѹϲ
ȻʲôĸƻЦ˵Ҳнأȱźģᵽˡ
Ϸתͷ԰ܿ˵ƻߵȷʵ̫ЩﲻЩˣȥûкʵģ͵
ϷҲ֪ӣҲ͹ȥһЩֻ߲⼸ˡܿЩε˵
 

ٶʮ 

ѽϷ˵˵ƻĶͷ˵㶮£ƫôԣ
ƻסĸ첲ŮĲϲô˸š
ã㣡Ϸ˶ûʲôֿ̾Эˡ
ȫһߵϴżֲʡٵҲ⸮еôôԼ
ϾʹżЦ˵Ϸ˿۴С㡣СɵúúñӣȻϷһܵĵġ
ֱⷬЩϻƻǶ΢΢ͷ˵ǡ
Ϸ˿һۣüͷ΢ôûµĻȻȥɣ
ɫȴһ䣬̻һȻӣϷͿƽҲ˳мӵķϣһҪһǿĵܵܡ
һϷ¶ֵĲͣողѾ˵ˣǵܷܵÿɱ˵ô
Ѿ棬Ϸˣʵûа취ˣǵܵ鴿ôɱˣȻһԩ΢ᣬֻϷ˻ҵܵһװ
ϷĴľѾǰˣҲءҲȥˣͲ˵ӣ
ǸܸܵһĶԣΪپƹݺ˺ȾƵʱ˵ڽǣ˶˻ؼҵ·ϣʹһ٣ӵˡ
Ȳ˵£Ȼ˵Լĵܵ鴿
ĪҪ˵ˡϷ˲õӳ͢ҲʮֵӣܵǱԸģǴҲһỹһף
ٵƶšһû˵ѣѾͶ·ˣϷ
ҪֻܹǸ̫ܵҪɱˣҲϢԼ֡ƫƫһȺ֣Ⱥʲôɽһͱٸ̾Ͱĵܸܵˡ
֤֤ڣоƹϰ֤ʣɱ˶ҲʮԡҪ濪ãǸܱܵɡ
ʮ飬ܻˣҲҲޣǱϾԼ׵ܵܡټͷĹ֣ҲЩˡ
ճڼҲͰˣܴ߷磬ôܰɵܵܵƫƫڼңֻϷˣϷѾֱȥˣԸʾ֭øַҪ˵Ϸˡ
ϷˣĵܵǼж磬Ҫи̣Ҿ;ˣĵҲˣͿסĴҲ£ôϷˣͿȾһɣ
ʹģƻͿˣֻǸܸܵͲǱԩģǱԩģҲڿϷ˾ˡ
ɱ˵ĴİոҪɨأ
ڵ˵Ҳ̫ǡ˽ܵܣҲԲ
￴һƻĥĥȴС֪˼Ȩƣ˴µˣĵܵȲð
ƻ΢΢һ䣬ҲٹĨǣʵ˼Ҫô
ô˵һϲҲûвƻе⣬Ͻ˵ֻϷܹдһҪǵܵܳԿࡣеԩ˰˻ռҵˣ
⻰Ҫ˵Ϸ˺ƻɫܿ϶һƬ⡣
һ㶼ҪĿŵ˽ף
ϷŭռҵʲôΪǸʮĵܵܣ㾹ȻҪռҵ㾿ǲռҵˣ
Ȼûʶԣ˵ռҵʲôϵ֪Ϸ˵׾ٵ飬޵ռôûйҲпͣϷѵСæԸ𣿡
СæϷŭǴԲѣ
ﻹҪ˵ܿ˵ҲǸˣôĺͿİ˵ˣռһʲôĺ
˵ЩʲôãѾˣϷŭ˵
ƻȴһ飬Ǿڰ
һǰ˽ʿںԺְһ꣬ǰոδةҲҪ֡
Ȼһֱǳ͵Ͱٵ͵Ҳܲɽ¶ˮټճٱ߹صԵʣҲаռҵ˼һʱƷڴʵȨĵط
ٶҲƻû뵽ģֽ׶ֳֻܱԼĲܣȴ̫죬һΪҵĸо
ܵܵӻһ£ֱӱչҲ޷ҪľӪһ֣Ǳ˿Ӻˡ
 

ٶʮ 

ЩԸⲻΪģռֻ֧ճһǲõĽҪ顣ƻҪݳռҵûбռٳôλãƲòġ
ƻסϷΪЩ֣ĸ齻ҰɣͲ÷ˡ
ĻȻҲúٵ̧ͷһۣдż־ȡ
ƻǳ׵ӣҲͷҪֺ뷨ȻҪԼϡ
΢΢һѵΪǰ
Ϸô˵Ȼʮֵοֱ̾һˣȻЩĸо¾ͽ㴦
ƻ˵ͷŻڵĨ΢Ҳ˰ɣЩ
ֿһۣ񿴵÷𣬸Ͻ˲ϵᣬվ
ԺʲôֱȥңҪٴĸˣʹ˾ôڣƻ˵
Ͻͷǡ
ƻתͷϷ˵ĸҲˣȥϢɡҺĸ׾Ȼȥˡ
ϷȷʵЩƣ۵ĸо˵ͷ뿪ˡ
뿪Ȼƻͷһۣ
ﲻҶԣֻһ·ص˻ӡ
ðܿҲȥϢƻԼķ䡣
ȵĲ裬СĵĹ۲ƻʮ
ⶼѾǵˣǽ˷֮ƻͰһߣ鰸ǰдд֪æʲôôʱ仹ûд˼
еĲѾ˵ʱƻڴ鰸̧ͷתתԼĲӣɨһԼ
أûд
߽СʲôԸ
ƻԼõżݸȥ
ؽӹżתͷ뿪ˡ
ȴһ߰ľƻٸʲôȻԶȻ֪ƻոеĵλܸߣû뵽һС㣬Ȼƹոܶ
ҲƻҪ֪ģȻôԼԼİš
鰸ǰ߳ߵλϣԼŲһ裬һڣۿһۡ
Լʶıֱ˼ֺõЦš
ֺãƻһĮջĵĿűеĲҶܹܵǱԩ𣿡
Ͻ˵ǰС㡣˸ǺԼºӵģͲĵܸܵȥģ
ƻĹ˹ϬĿʱҪ˵ѣ㵱ɵ˵Ϸ˸ʩѹǱ참ˡΪʲôҪϷ˻󣿣
ҡʮֵĻңʶҪ⡣
ƻĲ豭ӵϣˣȻ㲻˵滰Ҳﲻ㣬ȥ
ĶҪԼٿˣҲ˲ʲôˣã˵СϢŭһҪ
˵ƻһͷ˵
￴ԥһỹǰһᣬ˵˵ˣҵĹȷʵĵܵܵ˰ºӵġһҲȷʵᰡĵܵҹҲǾʶ֪ԷʶˮԣºӲҪѵ˭֪Ȼôˣ
ңƻ΢΢һУһҶ㲻ϣҲǸةµһǲС
ȻʲôҲǶǸ޶Ķӣżû뵽ľȻĵܵܣ㲻Ϊˡ
ȻˣΪʲôһʼ˵ƻʵ
˵ҪᣬϷ֪ȷʵΪܵܶģ͸ˡʵûа취˵˻šС㶼һͿСһҪҰ
ƻһۣҪ˵ҲǲܰֻȻǸܵҲʲôöôҲδ̫ˣôҲѲƤУ
ٳٲ˵ֿߵĵܵȷʵ˵ƽû۸ˡٲ£ûʲôаŮ캦顣
˵ЩҶȥ飬˵һģƻ˵
ô˵ȻʮֵļĨǧл
ƻ˵ܵҲܲЩ˼©ǣռңԼҲó
ȷʵЩף˵ĺʲôҲֱˡ
װģƻ˵˵Ϳ㻹ǺͿҲʲôʱ򣬶˫۾ٶռңռؾϣѰѹռҵĻᣬʱռǣɱ˵İܵǲԸģӱ˵˽Ҳǻûѹռң
 

ٶʮ ƻ

ƻЩҲʶ˺ԣ΢üͷ˵үڱ߹ش̣ӦòʱΪռҰɡ
ƻֱҪջ˵Ļ˵ץסոĴճ˵ʲôʲôοߵˣ֪ô˵ո㣬ҲҪǣոһҵܹ⣡
ʶˣԼжôļ򵥡ҲѹֽϷ˻ϷﾭӪǳ׵ûˡ
ҲǿЩʱİƻ˵ģҪʲô©ʱոһƳȥĺȫܳеġ
Ѿû˸ղŵļ֣ԥ;ᣬƻ˵ҪǰҪһ죬Ҳһʱúõɡ
ﵱȻǧлȻ͸뿪ˡ
֮ƻϣָӡ
ʵܼ򵥣ĽһøӡҪһˣ˿ߵ¼УҪúõļƻһ¡
ѽȥӣҪѵЩ˵ıס
Ķܿ죬ѾüĿ
ﲢŷ⣬ƻ̲𿪿
С˵ãȷʵܼ򵥣һͲ鵽ˡҲûʲôǣļ˶һЩС졣һ˵
ƻͷ鱨ϵݣ磬Ҳˡ
ĵܵܽ裬ҵĶ磬¡ҲǾѣ迴µһЩΪ˾;ˡ
ھƹȻ˭˭˳ۣһ֮ͰˣڴϸˡЩ鱨е·˺̯Ŀڹ
ɼûдɱˡЩͬĿڹ赱ʱҲȷʵ˲ٵľƣͲε״ֻ̬»Ӿ캮ضֺ˾ƣͲܻ
鱨Ҳʾȷʵƽʱ۸СձѣϷԷǮɶģһƦå㲻ϡΧҲ󣬸ȫǽ֪ĶԼֱһΡ
ˣƻֲڰнкء
ƻе鱨ŽʵЩȷȫ𣿡
ͷȷʵֻЩˡǵ̽ӣǱߵ鱨ҲȶԹٸյҲֻЩ
ƻû˵˼֮С
ڵЩ֤ݺͿڹȫǿˡ˵Ϊ貢ǹɱˣܻˡǵǶ죬˶Ǳɵģйɱɣһ̡
ұϾոµĵǳ͢٣һܵĹעʩѹһҪһĻǵһֿԳֵĸʾ΢΢˵Ǳˣ
ҪľõһֿԳΪʵҪŴ赱ʱӲѵʵŴЩͬɣҪŴʱµľѣ֤貢һԼոΪ檣ͺۣͬΪ
ηŴ󣬾ҪڴµǴةةˣǳ͢ʩѹְһ㶼Ǿɸة֮󣬽Ǹ
ֱɴ²鰸󰸡ΪӣҲǴ¡ΪةǾҪ̷أμȻֱҲеñ׵ʸ
Щ֤ݺͿڹֻҪЩīʱ򣬶֤ԼҪŴЧȫǿԡ
ƻ˼ƻȷһʧ֮󣬲Ű鱨е֤ݺͿڹԼ޸ģȻ󽻸˽͵
Щ鱨ٻصϵʱѾǰҹʮ֡
ڵ£ﲻɾһ֣߶һ֣ȴ仯֤ݺͿڹһʱ֪θ롣
֮ѾյԻδ뿪Ľ˵֪ôˣСġ
ôСôĿʲôʵ
ı仯ν࣬ɫˣѾȫ͸ķâڶ͵ı¡
ͬ費Ϊ࣬ҲΪʣǴžеģ˻̲סĽ
ºһԸ񣬺ûκһ㣬Ժ͸ָദĺܺãöԷ崺磬ֱӭϵĸо
ˣ˿̵Ǵ͵ЦģҲỺСҪȻĵ
ӣֻЩᣬϾ˽˵ıԣӾ֪ʲôʣҸһ䣬κõĻؿܻᱻ·ţõĻӦþǰչ١˵ŵĿģҲӦҾͲ˵ˡ
 

ٶʮ 

һ˲ŵ˵ͷˣȥС㡣һպöȣǣռҡ
ô˵˵ͷӴȥٵʧҹɫС
ߵߣ߷ǣ͵ıı
ƻͻȻҪԼ볯͢ζʲôҪˡ
ڶ죬ƻ˵Ļش
ƻдż⣬ȷʵܴЩЭ
˵ͷЦ˵С۹á
ţҵ۹ǲԸҵ๫ҲһġƻҲЦ˵
ϵЦ̽סˣЦ˼˵»ҪæͲСˡ
ƻ˵ʲôʧ˷
⸱ʧӣƻЩЦЩΡ
߽㿴ЦҲЦʵСʲôȤ𣿡
ƻ΢΢ҡͷղŽˣ˶
ЦЩΣԭԺҲ֪߲˶ڶƻͻСЩӹһ١
С㡣Ҳ˽½ҽˡ
ƻһ٣̶ԼӣԻɡ
½İȻ߽ż´һƻС㿴ĺİ
еļƻɫҲýغͽ£ʵΪ˵
½İȻߵߣҲź⣬ҵֻ˵
ƻͻȻһЦ½ҽı˺ܶ࣬ˣȻ˴򱧲ƽ𣿡
½İȻһߣһ棬ܺùﲻһ
ܲ𣿡ƻ̾һʵ
ڵ½İȻתͷһۣüͷ΢΢һܿɿ¶ֲͷĸ㲻ˣԼԼҲˣ
ƻ˼һᣬŵ˵ͷ
Ĳ½İȻҲûкȣֱ߹ƻ
ƻͻȻ˵һһȥ
㡣½İȻĮջԼ֣ҩЧúúŰɡ
ƻͷ֪ΪʲôԼôΪԼ⼸䣬ַˣʵҲûʲôΪԼġû˻
һ磬ûд˾͸½İȻԺ
½İȻһۣȥæԼˡ
ƻվſԥһᣬƿš
ţϴ˽ʶΪ½İȻҲûлͷʵˣƻ𣿡
ߵƻŲһ٣һʱ˵ʲôζ
ţֿһ鱨˻ûӦתͷȥ̾ȵƻ
ƻŹվϵı顣
ôˣվЩֿ
ƻǰһѰס㣬žͺá
˻ȥһЦݣ˿Լڵϲúͼ
ƻȴмᣬٵĴסԼеʵоôôԻôأ
ҡҡͷû£ܿܺˡƻһˮŵǰ۾Щ̰Ŀȴ̧ͷ˲Լ㿴ҲѾָ˺ܶ𣿡
ƻɫȷʵ˺ܶ࣬˵ͷһʱ֪˵ʲô˱˳Ĭ֮С
ڲ豭Ө׵ָ⣬ЦЦ˵ллƻңҵ˻õĲˣҲ͸뿪ˡ
ƻָһЩȵôҪߣ
ͷڱ߹ЩƣҲܺܺõƿǵÿЩȥС
塭ƻĿ˫ۣĻȻֹòЦŵ˵ͷ·Сġ
ЦͣһСĵġ
ƻսɿɿսкܶ˵ȴһ仰Ըоı仯ڸ־롣
ϣ״̬ξ룬ȴЩ޴롣
ķӦ趼УȴûΪ޴˿ĵԽֻۡѾİݡ
̾ϢǾֻǼ˵Ҹ·ܼܺȥ֮ҲæſܲÿдǱҪ鱨ǻ͵ϵġ
ƻűӵָսЩ̲סҪҪҪǿסˣЩɬţ⣬ԭǲҪġ
Цº͵ĵ˵ͷôͺãҿʱѾˣһ緹𣿡
о޴޴룬ƻѾ޷ڵʶҡͷһҪȻȥˡ
û˿ʧ䣬Ǻãȥ
ˣƻվٵ˵úϢԼȥС
ֻõ˵ͷֻվĿ뿪
 

ٶʮ ƽ

ƻҵĴӷ߳ȫûע⵽Ŀεרע顣
ĿţӦʱ򣬷ԼȻվ˻԰С
һߵһߵͤ
ܺãΪѩĹϵȴо˿ů
ųĸֿʼ
оˣԼƭôĸоΪû׷ϣʡȴܣһķĻŵ
ٲԼĸоǰ׻ˡԼᱻˮܣһİȴ֣ѾӦ̵İ⣬뿪ᱻ
ǻȷԼǲٰ޷˵ˣǺǰһ޴
ƻˮһʱޱȵĻ
񣬿׽
ܣܰĽȥҪκˡ
ѵĸоʹࡣ
ã弸ѾˣЩӲվ
ѾûᣬҲָƽ̫ʹؿڣľ
ƻͤ˶ãվУעá
ӻҵٵƽϵʼնûб顣
Ҳƽ𣿲ֻĸӵĲ֪ñ¶һ
Ѿ޷жϳǺǻ
ӣȥɡӰ߳һ멣׺á
̫ˣļһ˿ͣ˼֣˳Ƭ֡
ͣϢĲްİڶ˴󺣣ֻġ
￴ԼǰʹĵȴͻȻƽˡ
ڳԵúôúãɲǿĵܵܰƽô㣡ĸţﻹ߬źȲİ񱭣֡
︸ȻҲᣬȴм׶񣬡Ҹ㣬ҪǲܵܣҾ͵ٸȥ㣬㲻Тĸռ㣡ûкӹ
ޱȾηĸĸ⼸ĻûŭίġȴѾûκε
Ѿ̵ףǵȫһĲֵģûпǹʲôĴ
ƻ˵Щڼͥͬк͹еĴڱпЦɵ¡
ˣǲ˵ˡôҶѵܾܵȳԺҲϣٸκεĹϸ𣡡
︸һǷˣӲǲǣĵȻ˵Ҳûʲôϸ𣿣
ĸȴһסֻҪܰȳôˣתͷ˵йϸҲУøһǮܵǵļҵ׶ҪͿˣ㲻ܿǶڽͷɣ
׼Ļһӵ˱òһ֪ĵ˵ͷãҴӦ㣡
ĸϵѾʧϴżЦô֪᲻ᷴڣ
ѾһƬּѾ˱īʱ־ݡ
ĸ︸뿪֮ﱡָлᡣ
ѾһŻعٵĨϵᣬȻ˵һ·ȥС㣡
ƻƿضķˣûü˵˵ˡ
ͷȻԽ˵ڲʱҲˣȵٳ԰ɡ
΢΢üǿ߽Ҳֻõͷŷ뿪ˡ
ֻһۣƻĴ𰸣ʵˣ
ɫᶨˣʲôĺԼеСһҪһĵܵܡ
ʵֿʼѾûʲôˣĳ©鶼ƵϣռҲ
ǸףҲ֪֪ռһģҪֻմռҵĹ⣬ҲҪռҵҲϵ
ãҲѾˣܵȷʵǹɱˡһڰԼҲһ㣬мǲҪ©ƻ˵
̵лȴûļ
˵ղĸĸȻҲǵһˣ˵Ҳǰѱ
ƻ۾һУָ̻ĵǺܿ죬޷Ҫίһ£ųϢ˵ΪռңԸܵܣ㸸ĸѾѵļ󡣡
ôһ˵ٽͣѾеĹؽڣ̵˵ͷ֪ôˡ
ƻֽǲҪ̫Ҫֲ©Ϣĸо㸸ĸǱҲȲҪ˵һΣһ㡣
 

ٶʮ ޶ծ

ƻ˵һΣϾ¶˼Цĸ࣬Ҳ϶ո֡
ƻΪʲôǾòУ
ϽҡͷǣСļƲ߷ǳáֻ븸ĸЩˣһ紵ݶһһ
ļ£ԼƻɫĮ˵
ͷס
ûб飬Ȼȥɡƻ˵
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С㣬ŷ˵иС㡣Ϊƣ㱨ˡ˵
ƻԵͷüģɡ
ؿüĶˣЩǵС㻹Ϣһɣһᰲһȡ
áƻһüͷɿϵƣɢ˼֣£ϢҲ١
ֻõͷԸȥϢתͷЩʵʲôˣħСơ
ƻһڲ裬ȵĲˮҲϵĶӲǴȥ˵Ǹʦ
ػȻЦС㲻˵֮һģȻҹС˻Ӯˣ
ƻҲЦЦ˳Ӯˡ
һ磬ϵһҲͰ͵ĳеʱ
ƻ˹ڿȷӮˣ
ôӣȴͷˮǴʲôġ
߽Цӯӯƻ̾þվſڲߡ
´һۣƻЦӣ·ˣ
Ǿִ٣קק鲼·СͲҪȡˡ
⻰żζƻҲԼĳ֮ɫǾͺúõ̸һ̸˵˵Ƿ˶Ǯ
ٵĿһۣĸָͷ
ƻһߵĲ豭ᴵ˴ƯĲҶһڣһİɡ
ֱ˫ֱסͷֱӶڵˣչʾܡ
С˵ûİǧҲ֪ΪʲôӮ˺ܶǮɷӦʱҾȻѾǷ˶ķǮ
ƻƲϣΪգھ˸ȥ
⸱Ӹ˭Ŀڣǧӣ֪ǰȥֵʱЩǮʳܾȶ񣿣
ȴ͵վŭƻһʵӣҽȫ㺦ģҪôǮô䵽⸱أЫĳŮˣȫѾȫΪūˣˣ
Բѷصŭˣֱǰȥݺݵ˦һƣƤ㵱ʲôطȻôС˵
һСѾͷһƣŭ̧־Ҫȥ
ֱץס֣һˤ̵ڵأһŲĶϣ㻹ҷ
۵죬˳ϸ첲ϸȵģ̲סޣǶ۸ң۸ңѾҲ۸ң
һѽضˣϽÿԼĽţתͷĿƻ
ƻڵϵ࣬ûΪĻõΪҲûʲô飬ֻǰĲ豭һ仰û˵
˰죬ֶûԼҲȥˣͷĴӵվĨһһƹˤģһʼľȶûˡ
ʱƻ˵ˣʦҼʶˡҿڶϲֻǮԼҲ˰ɣ
㲻ø˵̣û˵͸ôҸɣ
ƻЦЦ㲻żȻȻӲġȻ˵ûҾǹġôǮȥģϵǷһƨծͷҡ
㣬޳ܣŭ
ƻЦãǾͿ˭޳ܣ˵ţӻͳһƱǧҿھ͸㡣ծֻҪҵĽҾͼ̡Ҳȥģ˻ծֻҪһңҷǵٸƽ𣡡
˵˻Ʊô
һֱƱҵĻζЩǮЩ˵׷ɱѽѣ׬
οҪȥģֻҪӮһɾƽ𰡣һӻƽֱٵڱ
Խӵ˷ܣ˼֣촽ҪƻƱ
 

ٶʮ 

ֿҪƱʱһƳƻЦЦı飬ͻȻľ𣬻ҵ˼
ֻñӵļ٣ϴ𾪺Ϳ־壬ָָƻ㣬ǶħҪң
ƻ˹ӦĻһ㣬͸˼죬㵹޿ɾҩȻˡ
㣬㵽ʲôû֮ǰνƻֻЩľǰѾͷʵ̫ˡ
ƻʵҪʲôü˵ں𣿡
Ҹԩ޳ΪʲôҪңֻ䶼ɭɭģǴƻðġ
ƻ˵ԼǶƶܽܡ
ƻȴͻȻЦЦЦöס˶ӣ̱ϡ
ȴһĪ㶵Ŀ춼ûзӦ
֮ƻֱӣ˲۽ЦᣬʦҼЦˡȻЦţ۽ǵôҲϵЦҲʧ͸ʹ
ǺܿѹסԼı飬һ˿ʹ·ֻһ˲Ĵ˵Ҳ˵ҵĿˣոΪãΪ¡
࿪֮ǰֿٵ˵ǣͽҲϲ֮ĺϵҲãӶϵҲգ˺ܶȻصĲܣһ㶼ģҪĵȶá
ǲ̫Դ˵㣬Ȼ˵ʲôĵҵãΪոĴС㣬ٿر𣿣ֻˣŭ
ƻɲ˵ⲻԴ˽֪ҪʲôˣûУҲԼ졣
˫һУֻ˻Ʊֻ㣬㻹𣿡
ජϵƱò˵ǺԼڶǷ̰ʧԼģƻǰյ裬ȴЩ
һܣЩƱ˲ʧȥ˹ʣǮֶ͸аʮֵĿ¡
㻰أЩ͵ӣƻ˵
͵ػعҡҡͷҲˣ
ƻüΪʲôõĻᣬ㲻ٶ𣿡
һֱԼƻЩˣǸһ޴ĽѵŴףԺٶȥ³ֻܱһһǧ
СȷʵˡԳЦЦڹһ϶ͻð亹ܶˡ
ƻЦЦǿǱٴνܵҵˣ
๴˹ʵǧˣǷծô죿
ƻŴ룬ҹƻֱӰûûҹֱǷҵǮˡֶٰˣҲܶģ
͵ذֲص󣬡Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ҳڰġƻһ޹
Щ񺮵Ĵ˴ֱۣ˵ǾϴεԼɣһոֻҪС׼˲ϣҾΪС
ƻͷ㵹Ǻϵ˵ѾոıԺ˴һС͹϶Ѿ׼ȫˣһҾ˴ȥ
á̾һѾͷԤϵһǮ⡣
˰ͳȥ֮ƻһ磬ֱᵹϣҪϢˣ˭ٴң
Ҳûж룬Ӧһǣˡ
ƻϣʵͲ˯ĳһֱûϢõ壬оһǴˡ
̾һľЩࡣ
ȻҲֻһˡ
¶˵Цƻ˵ĹȻûдˣǷôǮ
˵⻰ɫҲָӲʵ߹Ǳôˣ
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˵ͷôûȥˡ⼸Ϳʼ׼Ǿ̡
СأʳЩˣǻ˵ˣҲֻӲͷƤ˵ȻҪˣѵСʲô𣿡
û̧ͷֻǵͷϵ鱨΢Ȼȥ𣬵ǵȷʲôʱ˵Ҳ١
ӣ»ᾡʱȷá
ʵҪʵĸͲʲô𲻵˵ʲô㡣
⣬˿Σûʳ
ߵߣϢһᣬ߲ҪκεˣҲ°ɡ
˵ĲҪκˣҲһҪ
Ҳ죬˵ͷûʶĻֱ˳ȥ
 

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뿪֮ߣѱߣȴַ
ʵЩҪƻܲµ˵ʲôʲô顣ȻᶨŰ
ҲӦƻٲǶ
һعı˺ˡ
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ܣƻģẦ¡ܡ
Ѿ˸ˣѾԼŮˣûа취ǰһƣҲѾ˺ۣȻҲҪʱ
ս۶ҪѣһûйƳţҼȫ׼Ķӡ
ȥݾһֽǣǡһ죬ṥƳţĵļ档
ʹ࣬ǿסģᵹڴϣûжþͳ˯˹ȥֻǽüͷʾ˼ʹ˯УҲȡ
⼸ʱ䣬ڳ͢ʩѹİúܿٶš
죬ǵһá
һǳ͢ʮֵӣյĹעҲܸߣǹġ
ƻʹŽװһ˰֮Уվڹ֮⣬á
˰ľǴ䣬ĺѽϡʦΪȷʵʮвܣкܸߵı̲֮飬һ̷ִƶȡ
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͵ͷһ˫۾ȴʮֵľϬһ㶼û˵Ļǡ
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ĺˣƶķƣҪҪȽ࣬ϳϿƶȣ͵ĳͷһΰֽͬд˷
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賶˳ǣȴûа취֮ǰЦ㲻ؽţȻҲ涯ЩֽţǸҪûйϵҲǹɹ
ƻ˵ͷԱ߿˿ʵʲô
Ҳĺȫһһ֮Ťתӡ
ƻֵ˵ͷһʱ֪˵ʲôԼָƣԼȴʲô֪֮䣬ȻѾȫ͸ˡ
ƺʲôֻֽ͵鱨ǽģһ֪ûʲôֵġߵϢΪʲôûдݹȥǽľɡ
ƻ̧ͷһۣɫʮֵĵȻֵͷһᾯ鲻ֵڶˡ
˽˵ĸΣ鱨ⷽ涼Ҫû©ȻǺصġȻѾ֪ˣӦúкӦҲ֪ôϡ
 

ʮһ 

赭Ӧһ۾ڹ֮ϣɡ
ƻҲʱȥеע˹ϡϾȻǼƻȫһ©ǰ
Բ㣬ûãǺĵĽ㣬ͲˣҪи̣һͷײ⣡
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ڵϣС衣
裬˸ɱҳ£𣿡ĺʵðҲЩ
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ҽƱ磬캮ض¶֮ǰйڽǣһ֮±㶯ɱ벻ǣ
С˵ʱ˺ܶƣѾ־ˣûпǵԭ򡣶ȷʵֻѵѵûҧԼû˵
ĺһ䣬֤
ܿ۱㽫֤ϵûдǾƹݵϰھƹݺȾƵˣĸıǵļͬҲѺˡ
һһԼݣĺſžƹݵϰʵ˷ڽǵͷβһ顣
ƹϰ̳ǣʼ飬⹫ȵģͬеĻˣ﹫ϡҪ˾ƺͲ˱ˡ˴һʱ﹫ӾʹЩҲˡӱˣҪС˸ϽȥȰСˣҲ£˸⹫ԶĵطˡҲ˾Ʋ˺
˵꿴һ裬ϵĵҲûжٶ⣬һ˿ͬ飬⹫ǱѾ˲٣豻СȰ±䳰ȷ˼䡣ȴûзҪˡ
˵ĺͻȻסڣȻŵĸͬʵƹϰ˵ʵ𣿡
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ĺͬˣĿڹһµģþƹݵϰ˵
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˵֮飬ǿ𣿡ĺֿ֤ʵ
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⻰ĸͬĲ˵µĻֶôô֣ⶼ޶ԸǸ֮Ļ
ǰѵʱĳĸˣ˭˭һˡ
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⻰˵꣬İҲʼȻ˵¹֮ĻЩΪ豧ƽ
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ȷʵҲҪ˶Կڹû˵ʲôߵĸ֤˵ǰ
 

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ûֱĸͬǴһ裬ʵ裬Ŀڹ˵ԭֱӻؼңĸҪһѵǲǣ
ٵ̧ͷһۣһ˿ɻǵʱ˵Ȼؼңڶٸѵߵ˲ҹ͸½ѵ
ԼҲȷˣΪϾʱԼҲڻҵСȻ˵ԼɵƷԼ֮ǰĿڹ
͵˵ͷ˵شˣСȷʵ˵ġ
˵ͷȻźĸˣ˵ǼǵԼĿڹô˵𣿡
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ֻʷʮֵ֣ȴҲ˵ֻõ˵ͷǣȷʵҪؼҡ
Щʲôã˵һ˵ôϼư¸ģЩ͵˵
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⻰һߵҲ׷˵ȷʵΪ˵ģҲ˵˼֤ݣԭġ
ƻһߵˣֿһվڴһǹһĨЦ
ԭΪҪڳлߺ󹬸磬ڿˣһҲҪˡĺķһһҧռ˵ݲš
˽⣬ɲʲôȵˣİϧĲܣҲѲΪµߡ
Ȼûʲô飬˵ĻȴЩϬ¹ٲףΪʲô¹Ҫӣһ¹ٵ¹ٵͬΪʲô¹ٻƫ̻
Щŭ㲻Ҫװɵѵ֪Ľո𣿣
̧ͷֱûһĽ˭й𣿻˾ãһĵܾܵҲ¹ٵ׾죿
㣬ǿʶ˭֪ǲΪռҵ⣬Ϊ迪ѣ˸ŭ˵
͵Ҳ¶ŭ⣬¹ٸղ˵Ǹ˵ĹʣԼ֤ƶϵġ˵¹Ϊ迪ѣѵƶϳ˱Ľ˵Ҳ¹ķڷ
ҭסˣ˰죬Ҳû˵һ仰
ȻҲͬ¹ٵĽۣǺĿһ£ˡ
 

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ĻԶԣűһ䣬ݱ˶в¼ɡ
⻰ӵķŭдżĿӴҪְƹܵıǶϰ̷ѵ֪¶Ҫ֤ô˿û֤ݵ£ٹ֮˵¹Ϊ迪ֻ
ѾɫѾ÷ǳѿƺҪĲӡ
û˿η壬ʵ¹ռûдǰݽļ䣬ʱʱ̿ԼԲŵ顣ռΪΪٵļѵµ˰¹ٽֿʼʮֵСģվҲֻΪ˻ϺͰһ࣡
ӣȻǹǻôٿ澡ʧɿһ˵ղȷʵǱˣҲֻһѣ㲻Ҫƫ̻
һô׷Ź֪ϣǶ¹ٵ裬Ƕռҵ裡ǿƫ̻֮ʴ˳ȥռһôڳ㣡
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һĺȻҪǹ٣ŭΪҪ˵Ҫǹپв𣿸ϻǰɣã׼ˣ
ϸǵһ¶˲ͬɫǿҲû˸ǹײ
һߵĴ̲ɣ¶˼˿Ц
Դ˵ķӦȫںĺľһ˵л¡һϿǳһӵķϣάֳо
ݺݵҧҧҪ뿪ҲҪһѾ˵һӣƷˣʱҪָűʦص
ãҴӦ㣡ƻǴＷġ
ĺл̧ͷȴһ˵ϣմûʲôϲҪΪǣ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣڱˣŭΪǲг𣿸ּۻۣ
ɨһŭܵ˵İǹ֮󶼲ģҲʮ᲻ˣѣ㻹һǹٰɣ
͵̧ͷһ˲ţǺܿľͷӦ˹Ŵųʹĵ˵ͷǣ
ûһҪ粵˼ǷŭŭãǺãڣھ͸޹ȥ
ĺڴ𵴣ÿ󳼶ͷҳ
ĺ˿ûǱ;ȣݵ˴񣬲˳˴
վڵ߸ߵ̨֮ϣһһϵĳһɨգӶǣԷ˹֣ףԷƻɹ
̨ףŲ뿪˻ʹ
չٵϢУȻһҡϷ˼һʱͽ˱ֱո
ոʱ䣬·ϢҲյϢ
е鱨˵ЩֱϣҪпɳ֮
̵˵ͷ˵ǱأҪҪЩ˰б
⻰̧ͷһۡ
ʵЩ죬üôˣ
ʲôʱ⿼ǵôܵˣЦ˵
ЦһûʵɣΪӷǣְ𡣡
ƲƲ죬ôϵģֻҪ˾СЩ˰Ӧɣܹ鲻İռҵͷϡ
˵꣬ͺ׵ĿҵĿؿھʹɫҲ˲Ұ
Ͻı˵߷ӻȥŰɡ
΢΢ҡͷòֹס˿ԣḧԼؿڣһ˵̫ˣʵơϢһҪ·ˣ͸͸ɣ
֣Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǴһ̺ӣϡ
㻹ҸѾ߰ɣչܹЩ˵
ЦЦ˰ɣϰˡҳǣҲ˽
Щ궼ӪУӪвܴŮ죬Ѿ߲ѾߵȷʵѾϰˡ
΢΢̾ϢԺӿԸСҪһѾߣǼչˣ¶
⻰赹Ǻͬŵ˵ͷƻĶ۹Ȼǲö˵߼Ѿȷʵÿһŵ߹ƶܶһ档뿪֮ǰƻ鱨ϲ飬Ǹǿ˵ƻʵĹ
Ȼļ⣬ʶе˵ȷʵȿǵľС㣬ҲĲԲǣǿС˼
һۣƻʲô˼΢΢ۣЩֵ˵ôʲô
ңʵʵ˵粻Ȼɤӣǣ¾ȥˡ
迴޴ӣдû˵ʲôǲ̫˵ˣ
²˵ʲô˵ת뿪ˡ
Ķӵģ̲סЦվûзСʲôʱ˼ҹ˼ɵҪдŸƻ
뵽Цһı˿Цдֻ˵ģôڸʧķҲأ
ոУƻĺչٵϢ˰ܿ˵Ż
ͻȻ˽˵С㣬Ϸˡ
ĸŮһۡ
Ϸˡܿ̾
ƻվģҵùȥϷ˵
ܿȴס㻹ǱȥˣȻѾϷ˵ˣ֪ô˵ģ
ɡƻ΢üͷһһ˵һǵùȥһˡ
˵վܿסģȥû׼Ϸ˸
ƻԥʱ򣬽˽˵үոսˣֱϷԺӹȥˣӦ׷Ϸ˹ġ
 

ʮ 

ƻ˵Ҳˣϵɫɣ˻ȥЦĲùȥˡ
ܿͷϷһϷ˳ԷʱҲˣȥˡ
ãġƻЦŵͷ
˲һʱȴ̽ϢĽƻͰܿ˵ūһʼӦϷˣӦǱȰˣֶүĻūʱѾЦˡ
ƻ˵ͷϷ˵ˡ
˿ӣ̲ܿסЦ첻һֱ׳ģ˵ҲͷͷǵôôϷˡ
ƻһۣͱȡЦˡҲǺ£Ϸ˶ôãһֱô磬ⲻǾЩԲס𣡡
ܿЦЦҵûʲô𣡡
ƻһ
ܿ§ļЦøǿ
ĸŮţȥ˵ˡ
ϿܿϽ˵
ƻҲһҵ½ǣֱӡ
߽ϣЦĸ̫żˣ÷˺СЦˡ
ﻰܿ˵Ҳƻ˵ˣҲûи㱻˹٣Ϸżϻ˵ףƻò׵㲻Ҫֲǡ
ϽҡҡͷʲôֲֵģЩĿҲΪҺãΪһ룬мأ
ˣˣƻϽڰ֣ɱŰſˣҶҪ˼ˣ
ܿƻֺЦѾͷƤôô񣡡
ƻӣ˭˵ûˣ鷴ѾˡöҲãҲãǺõþˡ
㿴˵ǴˣҲǺĺܣܿε˵
ЦºͣӻЩҲǺ¡
ʲô£ܿһǿƻȴǳݵġ
˵Цһӣƻ˵Ҹ˵ỰЪš
ܿ˵ͷ˵ҲЪˣȥϷˣȵԷǡ
Ҳáƻ
˱ݳܿȥϷ˴˱ȥƻķ䡣
鵹Ǻ˳֮ƻһ裬˵ûв
Ų豭ЦЦʲôģ㲻Ǻ֮ǰ͸˵ˣ͢άֲ˶ãҴ볯ʼѾʱ׼ˡ
ѾúˡƻЦ
ϵЦסǲܸ֮ᷴʲôˣ
ƻҲЦݣҲԸ˵˵ʵЩӣ֪Ҳûʲôôǵڸ㡣
˵Ѿϰˣֻõ˵ͷǽҪʲôܸ˰ɣ
ڱԺﰲĶɣʲôҲҪɣԽ͵Խáƻ˵
ȻǲҪҶ֣
ȻռŵҲǲܣһ˱㣬ҲҪ̫עˡƻ͵
ͷұϾֻһСˣǱ߲ŸΣհɡƻһۣУҲǵˣ
ǱҲ˱ģõġƻǾûв˫ˡ
ȻµƻЩʧҿѾ߶֪ΪʲôƫƫҪңǶһ𣿡
뵽ȥˣǸˣֻҪȵʱˣҶġƻЩε
ȻЩԽܣǰЩ뷨׵Ժ˵ҲֻǸ£ʲôͶİɡ
ûжã˵ϷԷ
˱ϵϷ˵Ժӣһ̤䣬ƻͿһϷ˵ɫЦ⣬д󶨡
߹ȥϸغϷ񣬲˵ϷˣƻԲס磬Բס㡣
Ϸ˺һŭʲôöԲģңʱҪǸҲˣ
ƻЩᣬϷˣԭƻһΰɣ
޴ӣϷվסЦ˺ˣҸ㿪ЦġһʼȷʵɩҲĻģͲˡλǶ㣬Ȼǻϲ̵Ĳ֪ͷˣ
˵һƻ֣һĸмƻҪúлл㡣
ˣллȥˣ׼Էˣϸһ˵
Ϸ˱ƻԼԱߡ
ﻹ̶ûйϷǵ壬ʮֵɣҲʮڡ
 

ʮһ 

һһᣬϷ˲뿪
ƻҲڳһתͿϷ˺ͰܿҲһӣ̲סЦ
Ϸ˿˿ƻܿ˿ϷˣһЦ
ЦһƻͰܿŻص˷ӣԻص˷䡣
ƻߵ鰸ǰ֮ḧյ棬ϵЦһʧ
ٵʱ򣬽鱨鰸ϣġ鱨ˣֻһûеǱš
ˮͿվ鰸ǰ̾ϢһĬĬĽˮȥ
ƻ֪Լվ˶ãֻ˫ЩˣŻع
ߵߣһ裬ȴġ
أ̽һ
̾˽С㣿
ģһƻȻû˵ʲôȻмֲá
ȻЩίҲûж˵ʲôŲ߳ȥˡ
˽ûĺһۣ㣡
һĪʲô°
һٴ
ѾͷƢôԽԽ󣡡һ䣬Ҳûϣ˷䡣
ߵĶƻҲǽˣвмڴһ߽ʵôˣ
񣬲˵ûʲô£СһүߵԱá
ƻдԲʧ˵ͷЩԼŰžˡ
ϾǣڵԱ䶯¾бҪСһҪ˵ƻȴֹ
ҽˣЩȥдҰɣпٿ
ƻȷʵһ٣Ҳֻõ˵ͷת뿪ˡ
˽Ųû˵һסߵһߵĽ
ʲôؿһۣôصģ
һۣ´ҾǷӦΪʲô˵ˡѵˣ
ذһۣĸ˵ò԰
ģɫСǰжʹ࣬Ҹ˽⡣Ѿ˴εȻҪС㡣
Щε治˵ǰ׳⼸ˡСԾ⣬˫ɶԲСʹԭʲôΪԼһأҪģǸԼԼߣ
˵˽һۣҪǴڴС׷ȥһǳˣ
ͷˮ˵ÿһףǴôô֡⣬ΪʲôԼһأ
Ǳ飬ذ˰Լüģ۵û˵ͱˣҺòã
ҲЩɥֲԼôÿζǺİ컵£Ҳֻõ˵ͷУҲˡҿС״̬ǰãûҲȰȰɡ
֪߰ɡػ˻֡
ת˷䣬ͿƻǰЩεĽһС㣬Ͳˡ
ƻһֿۣ˿Ĳ˵Ҳʣȥһᡣĸ˵Щڷˡ
ŲᣬʧԼȥò裬˵ˡ
ʲôȥƻֵĿһۣôô״̬
С㣬ھȥذѲ︹̣Ϊʲô״̬˻Ҫ˵˲״̬
ϾûΪϣûƻڿڵĻᣬ뿪ˡ
ƻ뿪ıӰ΢΢ҡҡͷѾߵƢôԽԽˡ
֮ļ죬ƻ֪޾״̬жȹģ˭״̬ЩԣֻΪԼ
ϣ״ָ̬̻ˡ
Ϊĺ̼ԼȨܵսеҪһṮԼĻȨ뵽ƻ᪵Ļ¡
ȻǲÿڣϷ˽н˹ûʺ˵
ӹ֮Ϸ˵ɫһֱǺܺãոƻͰܿ˸ǰŭռʲôʱƻ
ܿҲżֺϷˣǲôȥˣ±ˡ
˶أƻɣո᪣ôãһ䶼ûոݡڼ䣬ڣȥа꣬Ҳû¶档
̬Ѿˣ¾Ը⣬Ҳɲˣ
ĸĸǲعڵģȥҲǰȥģһ̫һȢҵģƻЦ˵
Ϸ˺ͰܿȻЩţֻһֿۣʼҪӦˡ
ƻȻЩΣҲֻȥˣʲôֻ᪸ˡ
 

ʮ ǣ

Ϸ˺ͰܿҲûʲôϾͶµģռûʲôȥԣȻҪһ۾֮
Ϸ˴֮󣬰ܿҲһĳüչƻȰ˺üҲ޼£ҲǷǳΡ
ת죬ĸŮȥϷ밲˵һỰܿͻȻһ´ȣ˵Ϸа취ˣ
Ϸ̸ȤĴ˹ȥƻһεĸ
ʱճӦŻ£ҿǲ֪ģΪƻĸףӦȨ԰ɣܿ˵
Ϸǰһ˲䰵ȥҲռ˰
ܿЦЦϷˣȻռҵϱҲǰ׼ҵĵŮ
ð׼ҵϷ΢΢üѰ׼ǣ𣿡
ܿϴżּᶨƻҲҵŮ׼ұǣеġ£ҵҲǲԸģʮ壬ұȥһˣ
⼸׼׽͸԰ܿҲ͸ż䵭Ϊǳռ͵Եʣ⼸˷Ҳȥ׸߶ΪƻĻ£ҲѰ׸ǣ
ƻǰ԰׷ļ䣬Լ԰Ĳϲ԰׼һֱһֲõĸоȻιȥҲûвʲôԡ
飬Ҳð׼Ҳǣ׼ң׼ʲô̫ǣ
ûбҪ鷳⹫ĸˣԼܽƻ˵
¶ɸĸǹ˵һֹ˼ά
ܿȻ˵ԼĻԼͷ¶ģ㲻ùܣһɿڵġ
ƻȰһӣЧ΢Ϸ˱ܿ˵ˣֱӵͷӦˡ
ˣƻҲֻܽˣҪܿȥ׼ңһҪϡ
ΰܿûоܾ˵ҲܳʱûȥˣȥĸҲӦõġ
ƻͷĸӲһֱ½ҽڣȥһȥĸһ
½ҽȥ𣿡ܿ˽½İȻӵģЩǡ
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½İȻƳһۣûʲôҪģҲʲô߰ˣҲȥ
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½İȻʼ磬Ūҩġ
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½İȻһۣ߲͡
ģƻ᲻Ļӻֱ֣ӻȥˡ
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Ŀڣ֪ǳԴʲôˣһֱ¡С˵һȥ򡣡
ֲһû㡣ģƻ΢΢üȥʲô½ҽڸ𣿡
ҡҡͷū澲ǸСëԸҩͺˣ鷳½ҽˡɫݣ˵½ҽС㲻ˣ
ƻַԼ˲ʲô£˶٣ðɣȷʵҲˣ⸱ҲȥȥһҾ͸򡣡
ô鷳ˡ΢΢üûصֵز
ˣ߰ɣƻ½İȻԺȥ
½İȻȥ㻹ģ
زˣҴ㿴ƻһۡ
½İȻſ󣬰һĽأʵôˣ
Ҫ֪ôˣʲô򣡡ƻûк˵
½İȻбһۣý£Ȼʲô֢״
ػش£ŲκζȵˮҲҪ³
֣ҸѰ½İȻ˵
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ְ½İȻߴٵ
ؾ㶵İֵ˹ȥ̴ϴżء
ƻӣתת˵Լ°ͣǸӰɣɽ½ҽϲľȻͣ
ʵ̫¶ǣ½İȻͷһۣջԼ֣ʽأ㶼ʲôˣ
룬ƽĶҪ˵رľʮˣЩԲԿζҳ˼
ȷǼ½İȻ΢΢ۡ
һ죬ʮ
ţ½İȻһü
ͷؿˣ˵ԣҾҲǷݳˣжʮɡ
 

ʮ ܾ

Բֲֶһγô࣬ʳŹأµǲǶԲ½İȻüͷ˵
־֪ˣ½ҽͱ˵ˣҿҩˡ
½İȻվߵһߵҩԣͿʼҩһ˵һҩ㳦θƫŻŻ£ֻҪǰθã
ðɡعԹԵĵ˵ͷ
ͷβƻҪڵĳ嶯һһ͵ģ֪ʲôʱôĬˡ
סüڣҲҽǼʶˣԭ½ҽжôʱ򣡡
½İȻҩͷûתΪҲ֪ʲôĿģҲƽ㱻ôߣ
ƻһĵ˵ɶµѾˣۿҲ˸ûͣҿɵøúһС
ԭ׵Ѿͨ죬һƻ䣬С㣡
Ҳ֪ʲôǽأƻסص֣ȴ½İȻ
½İȻȻͷһۣ̫

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㣡½İȻݺݵץסҩģݣ׸ǰɣȥ
ƻ̲סЦû뵽½ҽȻҲߵһ죡
һ޴ãȻĽأ½İȻƻԽΣգ㹻ˣ
ƻһסЦ⣬ЦˣҶ
½İȻۣΪάԼȥŮ˵Ĳӡ
ٵһתƻЦҲ֪ôˣôôöûϢأ
һ裬ƻɫ˲½İȻҲЩ⡣
½İȻ¼Ķơ˺ǰɣǾͿ˭˭⣬˭˭ˣ
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ЩҰıӰ̲סһ½İȻҲ̫˰ɣ
½İȻӣȿʼģ˭֪˵Щɵĺܹ֣
ص˵ͷȻǰǰȫʧǵӡ
½İȻƲһ죬˵˵ˣҺúø׼Ϸ˿ˡ
ԺҪǰˡ˵꣬½İȻͻȻһ죬ҩɣ
½İȻҲмֲȻɿһҩ
һ¶˵ףȴԾǲǸøƻдˡ
ӡһԽһ
عʵôˣ
˵ҪѩˣǽҪҪȥǰϢһһ˵һ顣
Ƴһգ˵İɡ˶ʵʲô𣿡
ˣȴʲôŷ۵ĳ嶯˵ûʲôرģЩ
Ͳϵʶˣֻýʵôˣ
˵ǰϢڼĴٳɣ᪺СĻ£ǵȲˣ볹£סռҡ
һ⻰赱ʱô˵
Ҳʰһ޹
ô֪ǹģԽԽˣӶˣǰɣ
Ͻ˵ʵʲôֲʵС㣬µȻʲôʲô
һҲøƽϣֻЦ̫ˣҪϽѴ͹ȥԼˣ
˵ûҲ̫ˣϽ͵ϴЩĵЦ⡣
迴һ󣡾ӣ˼ҹ￴Źأ
һͷ缱ѾµҪ˵ʲôתͷƿӣҳȥ
ûȥ̲סһ
бҪƻдˣѽˣܱ˰
ǲǽڣдŵɣԱ߰Уóֽʣʼдš
дţ˿м˶ƻûбġֽ̰ţд
Σķ˱ʣȴֽϲ
΢΢̾һԭ˶˼ûжҪдŸĶ
Ȼûдֽϣ˼ȴѾעűֽϣϣװɡ
˽ŵݸ콻ƻϡ
翴һģֱ϶Լ飬һ˲ЩҪʬ𼣵ĳ嶯
ǿ룬ͳȥȻϳͲ
ǣֻĵͷŽҲῴġ
 

ʮ ɱ

͵Լϣʱܾò¼ĹţȻûҪһ뷨ȴһĳ嶯Ҫֱӻ𼣣ƻ͡
֮ǰض˵Ļԥһ˲Ǵȥ˽ء
һ˵̾ϲСȥСһܿĵģ
Щԥȷ𣿡
Ȼ˵תһȦأ
óûü˵ؾһ˹ȥֱƻķȥ
һֻȰԼ뷨ŵһߣ׷ȥ
ƻϷһ飬һŲһ̧ͷؾѾ첽˽˳Ķƻ˵С㣬Ҹʲô
ƻֻüɫĮȻͲȤ
ı飬ص˷ҲϨЩָƽʱأŵȥС뿴
ƻֽ˹ŷ⣬չűֽϤӳ
΢΢һϣҲ˲Ϊʲôǽùģһſϵݡ
һ֮ǰյȫţĻҪ˵һڵλã˵һڱ߹صᵽԽƺ⡣
һϻûУһֶûС
ƻԭľϲЦĵȥűֽһĵ˹ȵס
ǵΪ룬ΪףС־룬¶ĸ顣ҪģɵִС
ȴޱȵᣬĸ˸뵽߻Ѿߣǿס⣬ۿȴǺˡ
һ⸱ģɫһ䣬⡣
ߵĽ̷ԣƻ֮ǰϽһѡ
ƻĿ֮˵ͷҲûзϣ˵𣿡
ûˣС飬ǾˡЦ˵
ƻͷ뿪ˣֿеţԼ˼
ߵʱתͷ￴һۣһ˫۾ðŻƺҪƻǷŸյ
￴Ľһסһ·εĽ䣬֣ʵַʲô裡
ҾͲİ͹ȥ㿴СǸǿ𣿣˫ŭ
һģؿٵüͷ˻ûС㿴ŵʱ۾жǿĵģ
ǵϹ𣿡Ǹȿ޶Ҫ˵ģһ㿪ĵģ
˵ϴβǸСǹԼһأ벻ͨȻͻѹ
ҲһŽʵ㻹ǵǳСʱСССͣȴһ۾ηôȴǿʲô鶼ܺ㿴ڵӣһţǰƲס⻹С𣿣
ĻҲĬˡ
ǶףСĴûоССո񶼣ͼı£ľޣΪƸΪֶΣ¿ɳɣҾŮ˽ˣ
Ҫʲô̾˵
бɱ⣬һɱ裡
һŵĿǷˣ֪֪˵ʲôΪɱܽ˵СǲŹģ
֪ϴȻҲκ˻С㣡
ؿϦദһ̾ȻЩİضׯˣôƫִ
û˻СҳϣûбҪַʽ֤Լһд˴̡
ȴż֪㲻ҡõĹ֮ãΪвУҪˣֻҪСܴԸҾ㱻Ҳϧ
һ㣡ؿӣܾܿҪжϽ˵С飬㲻ô㣬ô˺ѵ𣿡
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ɱ˹ӵģֻˡЩֻͼ֪Ѷˡ
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Լϻмŭ⣬ҲŸ˵Щ
ȴЦһôĶһҪֲУҪɣҸ㣬ܣ
 

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ϵƻѾһ㺮Ѿ˵ðĿˣ˴ծģɼԲȥˣ
 

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ƻһۣʵ˵Щӿģ
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һüëһʮֵϲУС治ǫ飬ҾһʲôˡȷʵܴҲڶĳϵ;˵Ҫ˵ʲôϢԴûа
ƻһüҲ˵ѹһǲǣ
ȻǰϽĵ˵С㲻𣿡
ƻЦһñҸصʲôȻͲܲҵ鱨ҲôˡǱϾôǮͱԺˣ͸ûûҹʲôʱǮˣʲôʱ
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УϵʱˣҲȥϢɣƻ˶˵һ˹ȥ㣬ϢҲǴͰС
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غûвһ㣬ЦʮֵĲãԭûģһȺֱײ׷˵ˣȺҺ½ҽ忪ˣ˱˴˺þòҵʵȥԸƣԲôŻ
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һģƻ̲סЦеĺҲɢˣʹࣿȷʵʹࡣʹΪǲᶨ˺Ҵûô뷨ΪҸûа취ûһôҲһɣûĲʹ𣿡
Ӷ˶٣ƻһ˲ʧЦū澶һ䣬ΪʲôСô⹫ӣȴԸأ
ôѵ²ԭ𣿡ƻЦЦѾûа취ȥһˣǾһˣҲֻǻѡҵԥ䣬ķֻҸӵľ
΢΢̾Ϣ֮ĸ飬С˵𣿽ʲôӣ̫̫ĿܣΪʲôСֻܿأ
ѯʣƻһԣֻЩޱĶžеԼ
ĬǶ˯߽߽Ҳûз֮յĲͬѰֻЦ˵ǽͷأҾȥһˮСϴɡ
ˮ֮󣬲ŷ˱鶼ЩͬѰתһȦЦôҲˣȻȥϢɣﻹء
֪Ҫһ̨£رҲеӴӽЦЦǾˡ
ƻ˵һˣ˳ȥ
ȻҲɵƻʲôֻĬĬźϴˣ˵С㣬Ҫȥ׼ңԻЩϢɡ
ƻ˵ͷ£˴ϣڷӵĽɸϵ
һϽǵ˵ԴС˽֮󣬽ֻСһӣ򲻸飡
㲻ýţҲһʡƻЩε˵
Ҳһģһ֮Ҳת˵СʵǹûйעʵͲõģȻūûݹϢոһйӵߣҲʱʱ̶̿ڹעС㡣
ҪҪҲ߰弸ˣôҶ֪ڸʲôƻһ䡣
ЦЦ˵ʲôѵģСҪ˴ɹģû׼ʮֵĿأ
 

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ʱѾ³Ӫȥ
¹·ŢǳнٶȲ죬֮ĵ飬΢΢ʱǲſӪ
tһĴ죬̶ʿӪţЩǱһ˱롣
ϢĽҲ̷飬߳Ӫǰӭӣɿһֻ˳ǽڷ֣ƿ˳
԰һ˳һ
ע⵽ź̺ӣʱʱһɼȷʵ˵ġ
оһָֻһֺõӣĵ£ڰλˣ
ŹеЦ⣬˹֣һ
еǵ˵ĵ屧ôϻĩ
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ȴҡҡͷɫ΢΢һ˵۳Ͷ٣糾ͣ뽫׼Ȼһϴһ
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꼸ʢеⶼ¶һִϵµĸࡣ
صԼУϴ·˯齣ȫûҪȥһ緹˼
ںۣҲҪϢ˭Ҳң˵仰ͱ۾
˳˴ʣһǷ˵ĵ˯˭Ҳţ˵Ϣãʲô벻
ԭߵİ⻰֣֮صĵͷǵҳϣǲͲܴȥ
̲ס˸ǷǺúÿţҲȥ˯һ˵߰ҿɲҡ
Ӧһǣųǰ˰֣߽Լڣ˯ȥˡ
ȲҵȲʧȥģȥ衣
˻͸ϢݺһӣҲ̫ҷˣ
ߵıʿֿ˵ճĹͣĻôܸĹø֮ǰ˵ЩΪסˣ
ŭ˵ô죿Ļӣһôһ̻еɼһҿ
ıʿתţЦҪżСһơȻԸ鶼߽㣬ǾԼɣȵսһ𣬽˶ڲоѳɰƣٳȥѵɱƬײʱȻĹģ̽ĵ飬һʦİˣ
ĻԽԽ˵꣬һӣãô죡ǳˣһ㣡
лıʿ΢΢Цüթ
һɫѾЩˣʱ峿һģЩ㱣ֲֻ˯һᣬ˯һ졣
ֻúܣ̲סˣӴ·ߵߵһˮһȹ⡣òֵһ
ӿѪŵЩҲˡ
߽һЩ̿𣬿ֻһۣϽ˵ӣôôپˣȥŰɣЩ̿һ𴲰ɡ
˵ͷ˴ߣЩ㱵ʵ˯˺ܾ𣿡
˵ѾǰˣҲ˰ɣ˻ҾȥҳԵġ
ֵ˵ͷְڴϣʵʹûУ
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˻𣬼̿תͷɫûʲôתʵӣҪҪþҽ㿴һ
ˡҡͷѾˣֻЩ̫ˡȥЩԵģҳˣ˯һͺˡ
ԳȥˣûþͶ򵥵һˮһСˡ
ô嵭Ҳúθڣˣֳҩ˯ˡ
⣬ʱȥЩ̿𣬵°ҹŻȥϢ
 

ʮ մ

ոյӪʱƻҲѾˣΪû˯ã˻żһƬѹ
غͽСİϴţǵ
һֱܿȥ緹ϵĵѹûм١һ˰ܿϵԵѹ̱˰ٰίĸ첲ЩԸһҪȥô𣿡
ֺֺܿЦִ˴ĶͷԽԽˣҪȥ£Ϊȥг𣿡
һЦ˵ȥгҲҪأȻʵĶˡ
ܿЦ޵ԣ˵ûдͷ˶򲻵ʵģ
ƻһ۽壬ֱӣʼһһ۵ĳԷһһ͵ˡ
緹Ũ裬ԾһЩ
̧ͷͿҲŵѹ·Ĭ˽Űܿǿ˸ƻûôˣ۶ûǿ˺ü۽أԻ˼֡
һֱڣƻף˵ʲôʱ㺵ġһ֮һҩƺûʲôĵطôͿˡ
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ܿȻЦȴм⣬ĸˣƻ̫ӵģ
̫ӣϷЩ¶Ҫ޵ȥˣ
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ѷѵ飬Ϸ֪ģȴ˵⻰ʵǿˡ
½İȻӽſʼһֱ۲ŰϷˣݿµģ֪Ѿˣ⻰Ҳ֤ʵĿ
ܿ˵ֻ̼˵ƻˣһһʱ㡣
ϷŵͷƻԼߣһߵĵһ㣬ŵƻߣƻܺóԣ
ƻЩӵĽӹʵѾϷ˵õʲôˣִ˵մ
ǿЦЦҧһڵģóԣ
ϷЦмֺͯĴ档
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ƻˣϷתͷ½İȻ˵Ǿ½򣬸ӿһˡ
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漰飬ǿֳմ֢֢״
 

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׼֮󣬲˵ȻҪΪУһֱöĸŮǷҵִ⽫޵ռңô춼Ϊʣһȥʮһ꣬Ƕ࣬ôβܽôһǵģ
ĻܿҲ˲׷ǰ̬ȵķϽ˵лף
ʲôл벻лģҵŮƻҵŮһˣ׼Ц˵
ȻõĳŵܿһʯͷҲ˵˼仰ڴƻص˰Ϸ˵ԺС
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⣬Щߡôô˵ľ
ܿףûʲô𡣲ҪǿƻԼ뷨ǿӸˡ
ūˡ˵
ƻֿͷһۣдżֵ⡣
Ҫ˵˽΢΢Ƿ˵С㡣
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ߵϣ֮󣬱ý
ݼӡ˾Ĺ
ƻһʱЩϰߣضˣɡ
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ʵջ񲢲󡣡˵ѾȷС˵ЩһиǿĿɽ½װȥĳתתѾв˵׬Ǯܹһһ˳Ϸ֣ɢЩϢûܵκɼһǳߡ
ƻͷȻǾ˵Ѿ֪Ļ֮˵ݣֻҪȥһ˾
Ҳ˵ͷЩЦûʲôˣβ˳ĵطкܶ࣬ϢԴҲһЩСϢô׼ȷ㻹ҪЩ飬ҪһЩĲС
޷ƻ˵鱾ҲͲżҾĲ飬ķ״ݾߡο㣬û·ûУһлӵѡ
ô˵ҲһЩ˵һṼСΣ
 

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⻰½İȻȻҲȻһҲûֱ˦ˣƻĻ֪ġ
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ƻϵĵЦҲô˵ҺܸˡԸЩʵ⼸͡鿴͸ҲԶܹ˼֡Ų죬ʵ˵ǵĹҲΪ
 

ʮ ̬

ƻĻ½İȻϵɫҲûʲô仯˵һ䣬˵Щҿó㵽˵ʲô
ƻһۣҲ˵Щ㣬ǸùϣҸ˭һٵҸұؽϽ÷
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µİѾָĲ࣬ǰõҲճ̡
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ֵµıһֱɳȥѺݣʣµһ֣еӪѲߡ
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ֻû뵽ȻҲʼֲԼˣҲѹ֣̣ҲΣ׵Ľûʲô˼ǲˡ
ԵͷԭıʿΪıʿӦݹ۴֣ôֻǵûиЭͬսûвýΣ֮У
ԭݵıʿⷬŪһʱƿԣһߵĽҲһüͷ
˵ⳡ̣ĩԸΪǰ棬̽зҲΪƿзأֱȡзӪ
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ҲЩԥҲսս˲Ϣ䣬սиıϡ뵽Ǻպյľҧҧ˵ǣҲĩ˼
Ѿ˵ϣѾûбҪ˵ˣο뿪֮ǰͱʾԼֻû˼ڿȫŵġ
ҲָǵıӴǴת۾ͻᱻϵĶԭҪĵ͵άֲסˡ
һΪǸûбҪԼܷգսϣһԾͷ
뿪ߵʱǸıʿתһȦд˿˿⣬еעҪսϣ
 

ʮ üĿ

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ƻҲ˵ͷӿʼͼ֮վȽŸ֮󣬲񶼡Щ˴һʼ֯Ԥıġ
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ƻͬ˵ûܽӴЩˣôٵİЩ˰úõģҲûбˡĺܺã²飬صôҵǸȤˣƫҪ׳죡
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˵ģϷ˿мֲţȴǸˡ
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ʮ ͻ

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ܿĵ˵ͷЦʵͿˣͷЩưˡ㲻õģдŸ游֣ͣȥʲôȥɣ
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ǼȻҪᣬǱҪһ£龸־˳ˡ
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ʮ 

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ʮ 

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ӣˣѾ͵ʧȥˣǿɱ֪Ҫʲô۶ӣ
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ˣЦ˵Щˣ粻ʵתת򣬡ˣһжӷԸ
ͷҲƻȥһţҲһ㣬
ǣһ˿а˳ȥ
 

ʮһ һʺ

ƻӵţѾ֮ȻĿǣǲּ
۵ƽҪȴȻһ˿ŭֱӰۺõŷŵϣͲæԼдŵʱ䶼ûУ
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ز֣ëŵˮһƻûסСôˣôͻȻô
ûʲôƻҡҡͷʵҲ֪ԼʲôԼдţʲôʸҪԼдţʲô
˵˵Ѿ˰ţǲҪ
Ȼмֵǣ˵ҲûʣЦЦ˵СŹӵļƻģûбҪдŹ
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ƻ֣ް˵ûȷʵһˣ֮һĬûˡ
ر鵣ǣС㡭
ĻûгڣƻѾû£ĺܣⲻҵ⣬Ƕ⡣ͨ˳鱨ѽڣûҵĴҪǵǸ
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ƻ֮ǰ½İȻһҩһ£˵񶼵һҩҲ˵ЩŹŹֵֹҩȻǶС
Ҳʼ۸ϰеҩ
ôһϰ巸ѣС㣬Ҳ֪ЩҩĵףһЩȥǶҪġǿҩ̱ϾѰҪÿֶһЩõʱôСҲӦ
⻰ƻ߿һۣϰ壬³çˡ˵ʵЩҩҸһλѴģȷʵûʲôáҪǿһǽ׼ȱľͶһЩ׼ȱľͶһЩΣ
 

ʮ Ѱ

ҩϰһ⻰ȻüЦϾҲ⣬ܲһ⵱Ȼõġ
õĴƻҲĹһЩźӿϰװЩҩģղ˵Ǹһ˿档
ֱ˹ȥƻһ֣Ϸ򲢷߶ţֻǶСλЩ棬֪Сܷһ¡
ֹŵͷƻȻ⣬Ҳû֮ǰԼ΢΢üһ֪ݣ˽·ôܸҵѡ
ͷûΪ̬ȶЦЦϷ³çˡϷеģҶһүҩеȻֻһ¡
ȻԱţƻҲ֮ǰ̬ȣһ񣬡ЦүһٽÿϴĸоԻǳһɡ
үЦÿϴȤȤ
֪ΪʲôҪλѣƻʵ
үһҩЦЦЩҩλҪģɼ˱ضҽҲǴҽ֮ˣȻҪύ
⻰û˿ƻȴпһ˿ĲͬѰȻЦúƣЦȴżֽӲɼһʱôЦˣȻǰαװġ
ֻûзǿЦЦҵЩףôҩпλҽܹҵɻ󡣡
үǽһ£漴Ц˵Ҫϵҩܶ඼ǵҽвõģɴ˿ġ
ܿǲ˵ҽҲǳƻЦ¶ֺ⡣
үЦûа취άָ֣һС˵ЦˣϷ򲻹Ǹжѡ
ҽȴڸԸҩ³çѯԼˡݣɼҵǸˣݱȻҲ͡
ƻһЦҽеǽУ»˭˵ԼǸ򣡡
⻰ѹ˽غүûˡ
˾һүƻ̴˼־ɱ⡣
ƻû˿ľ£ǿӣ֤ʵ뷨ͷȷʵҽȵˣҪҵȻ½İȻˡ
½İȻǰ̣֪̫٣󲿷˶ΪͻȻ伣ˣΪҽȵٹƹߵ˶Ҫҷˡ
֮ǰ֣Ҳֻ½İȻ˵ﳤǲ֪½İȻǣԭñһߵѩȴûһĶ䵽˵УȻ˶סˡ
ҽȵѭ鵽ԭˡΪʲôûȥҲΪ֮Ͱ½İȻԼոϢԵʡ
½İȻƻżɽʣʲôˣҪʲô
үѾعƻȻɾ赫ûɱ⣬֪İȻģ
Ȼشҵ⣬ٿҪҪش⡣ƻûΪ֪ݶʲôɵ
Ҫ£ŪЩ½İȻʲô飬⣬ѾĿʼŤӵĽغ⡣
ﲻ˵ĵطүһЩӵĻ
ƻЦЦϰְҩֱ֮͵ոŶү˵Խиݣȥġ
ռҴС㡣ү˵ǳ䡣
ƻȻ˵ռҾûбܻ˼ԣǣ½İȻҲһҵĸǲǣ
үû˵Ѿ϶һ֪½İȻ䣬Ҳ͸˲ݵż䡣
ڵģ
£үȲʵ
ƻһ裬ȲңȺȱ裬֮ǰ˵
ǰŮүüͷ΢΢ͲǸѲģҲûбİ취ֻʵʵ˵
ϷİȻʦ壬Ҳҽ¡ʦȥѾˡ
ƻͷû̫ĳ룬ȥʲô£
үҹе񣬲ܸˡһǳ飬ұҪİȻȻܾܿˣ
Ҳװģƻתͷɫ׵ĽأʵѾȥˣѵѾˣ
Ѿ˵ˣҹеҲܸˣү
ƻͶ䣬㲻ôҪǲңǲ½İȻĵģ
㣡ү΢ҧкʤѾµոǲǣ㲻˵Ҷոһ
 

ʮ ع

ĻƻЦвңҽȵĶǲܣ㲻Ҫˣҵĵֻ̣Ҫһ߲ӣ
Ҫҽ𣿣үŭ
ƻҡҡͷȻǣҸ½İȻҲѣȻҽΪСôввȥҲûʲô壬ֻҪҲ;Լţ
¹شѵͲʱ֪𣿡үŭ
ƻʼ磬Ϊ֪үһ鷢ҵʲôģ
㣡үƻЩҧгݣЩǱһթһһ
үǱʱˣǸϽ˵һ˵ԵɣҺÿǴȥƻģЦһ޹
ү⻰ĥˣȴҲм޿κΣΪԼļ֣£ǼֱѴˡ
ҡӣƻȻֻĵĺŲ裬ûٳߴ
үԥûжã˵ҸҲУҹԲ⴫ϷҲΪ롣
һ㾡ܷģһϧˣʲôʲô²ƻЦЦ˵ҿʱҲˣ㻹ǸϽ˵ˣǿȥ˰ɡ
һʱ֮˲ŴӲݳһ·صո
ƻֱӴүȥ½İȻԺӡ
½İȻ߽үһľ㵣һǰƻдż⡣
վү˹֣һʦ塣
ĵĮүҪܶ࣬ϽǰȥЩ꾿ȥˣ֪֪ҵжࡣ
ʦ壬Ѿϳҽȣ㻹ǲҪˣ½İȻһĵĮ
ǧҪô˵ĿԶҽȵү̾ϢһĻӦԹŹ
½İȻȴûлشֱʵʦôңʲô飿һعȣǾͲ˵ˣ뿪
үӣ¶ֵ˻ΣôԹ޹Щʵһֱ㡣֮ǰһսԪˣ֪ԼѾʱ޶࣬ΨһŲµı㡣˳Ѱ㣬ȴȫޡΪһ棬ԶÿնڶҩĥжȹѾǿ֮ĩܻȥһ棬Ը·ɣ
˵꣬½İȻüͷҲ΢΢һ壬ȴʶΪƭԼôûҽȵĹйһս
֪˵ȷʵ࣬ӦֻҽȺȥ֪ˡү˵
½İȻüͷ׷ʣˣЩ׷أ
ү˵ԼЩ׷ߴŵģ˵ɱΨһݱ𡣡˵һ˿⣬ȻȻûзŹһ˵ĵҽȣ֪
ȷʵá½İȻżּЦɵӷҪұȶҽ⿪¸ҵĶûн⿪ҵĶҲԹñˣʦȻȥѰ𣡡
ֻǼȻԭǿҲ˾Ųʮˡɫܿ
ʱ޶ࣿ
үͷȻΪһԣģתͷƻСܹ֤ҸʱһҩΪľǿ᲻ΪҪɹҩĶ֡
½İȻû˵תͷƻ
Щƻһģ֮󣬾ȷʵҪ֪ܹŰү˻
˵ͷˣ˵˵ûдȷʵΪҩʱע⡣̸֮Ҳ³ҽȵˣѰ㣬ԴͷҲŽ
½İȻһСʲôôùˣ
ƻһۣΪأùЩ£
Ȼƻ⣬Ͻ˵С㣬ҡ֪ʲôΪʲôҲҾӦøȥŴġ
½İȻ̬ȾûôˣüͷľҸûȥһ𣿡
ҡҡͷֵͷ˵ˣΪʲôϳ׷ʦȴʮؾɣìڣ뾭ѵһ֮±㽫ϳˡô꣬Ҳһֱҽȵٹɼ㡣һΪʦΪĹҲԼѧ㣬֮ʣȥҲӦġ
˶˵ľûбҪҲڵĻҲѡֻ飬Ӧ֪ġ
 

ʮ 

صĻ½İȻüͷչһ˲תͷү˵Ҹȥ
үһҲʮֵľȡ
½İȻתͷŽأ˵ûҵʦôңҶӦȥһۡ
㣬㲻ǿԼͻȻԼĻýЩʴӡ
½İȻ¶˼Ц⣬ķȱʧĶΪԵģӦȥԵġ
̧ͷ¶˲ůЦݡ
һ۾֮ܿĲͬѰүȻҲˣЩ̽Ŀһ۽أʵδ̣Ϊǣ
½İȻص޹ء
үЦЦûб˼ֻǾܴǵ˻ȥ»ӵĸˡ
Щߵ˶㣬½İȻȴͻȻתͷԸȥ𣿡
۾ЩţҲʮֵĸˣϾûһŮϣϲˣǰԼˡ
ƽ޲ȴ峺쳣ӣЩܾ̾
ӣƻ˵ȥȥɣóȥһ档
ôУūˣ˭̺С㣡οҪһɵµĽﲹ
ƻ˵߲н𣿿㲻ǻĸƼһҡ
УػҡҡͷҲġ
ôƻЩˣ̧Ƴ½İȻһӵĿ̵˵ԼĶͷΡ
½İȻתͷŽأȥɡ
һʱЩΪˡ
ˣȥɣҸһµļ٣ǲȥҲź򡣡ƻ˵
С㡭
ػҪ˵Щʲôƻûиᣬôˡ˵ֱ뿪ˡ
߳ԺӣֻͷһۣЩεҡҡͷڻһҳĸоˡ
ص֮󣬸Ҫȥܿķ䣬ӭ˹˵С㣬ˣڲˡ
ƻֻתȥ˲оŹǽϵĻƳƻ߽Ͻӭȥ
ʲô°˵˺ܾˡƻ˵ߵһˣʾҲ¡
֮˵һǳͻԵϢҪС֪
ʲôͻԵϢƻȻţԤС
˵ǵѾɹĴһҵ¶ĳһҲһЩ߹ϴЩ̰ܻߵǮƵġȴе֣Ȼи߹ϴǮÿˡұãҶĳϰ壬ǵλߣЩ߹ġ
˵ص㣡ƻЩܲĆ¡
ҭһ£ܵðȥС㲻𣿡
ҲǺܸȤֱ˵ͺˡƻЩΣֱô˵
ֻõ˵ͷǰ̽ʱǵ˻쵽һĳ˵ϯϣһ䣬ǵǻʹģ
һ´ȣѹصôһֱҶûҵԭǹĴͱ˴¨ˣ
Ϊǲ鵽˵ϲǴ¨𣿡ƻü
ͷҲǡͻȻӦôСһ㶼أǹ˰ȥֵˣǻϾ̫ˣǿڳһʯͷ
ƻЦһ£ȷʵһʯͷҲýţھȰ˶ȥȻһһİǵǮתƵ
ǣˡӦһЦСһͲµ˰ɣǲΪ֤ʵ뷨𣿡
ƻҲЦ㵹ǲϾ鵱ȻһʼɾҪǸλߵġ
С㣬µȻǱġ൹Ǻǫ顣
ƻڰ֣ƶˣȥɡסǧҪ̫󣬴ݾߣ
ӦһȻ뿪ˡ
֮ƻҲ̻ص䣬дŸ裬֮ȴַѽ˳ִʡ
һʼЩɻ󣬵ǿƻǹⲻдŵģҲһ£ϾԶһһ¡
յƻŵȴһ¡
Լ͵üģʵϴ㴫Ϣôġ
дŰ˵ϴθƻϢǲʲô⡣
޲ȥĲӣȥţдţֱӴŲˣ
㵱ʱҲû˵ʵǳʲô𣿡
ˣӸ磬ҺòһţƻдãҾ֪Ϊдţˣ
Ҳˣ֪˵ƻ˼ϸ廹СƢҲҪ
 

ʮ 

Щε˵ûпҪҪ¸Сһ£
һʲô𣿣
ӾӦô죿ʵ
迴еţһ˿˻ˣҲܱȷúãܹܶһЩ
ô˵һʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˡƻ֮飬ҲһˣһЩչ˵ĸȴԽԽˡ
ʹΪһˣҲѾˡ
˵飬˵еݣЦһ˵ôͻȻôӲǼɵúӦҲû˵ЩʲôԭѾˡ
СҲ˭ܰһƦåϵϸ緢Щ̾
һɣҲ¶˼Ц⣬ƻ鱨жȣҲ硣˶٣ǾͲòˣȫƻȥ񶼵ˣ˶עⲻҪƻĶֳͻܹЭҲЭ
ǣˡ˵ӷģһ˴š
һۣû˵ʲôֻǰ뿪ˡ
úɣȷʵûӰ쵽˾ԴԲŴĵĵĿʼ׼
ƻΪһҵС̫ӵĻԼˣȻ֮С
ôҵ룿ܿԼ΢΢üͷ
ƻ£ЦĸǲȥǾͲȥֻҪȥˣҲںȥȥ
˵ĸƿƵġܿҲЦ׵Ժ󣬿˿Ľʵô⼸ûذ
½ҽһˡ
һʼȻԸ⣬ƻ½İȻ˵ļ£Ǹ뿪ˡ
ܿǾȣʲôи½ҽˣǡ
ƻЦŵͷ½ҽȥʦȥˣҪظţҾͷˡ
˵⣬ܿʲôףȻЩ죬Ҳʮֵĸˣ½ҽĮˣôأǿչ˷ĵҲãҲãͶʲôã
ʵһʼҲЩţԸҲͦģȷʵǺܵǶԡƻҲЦ˵
ܿͬĵͷ߲ҪˣƿˣǺܻܿˣǱϾҲѾ߲һ⣬ٴӵҸѾ߷ŵ߰ɡ
ĸ׷ģߵʱƼһСѾߣҾͷŵԡƻ˵
ĸ׷ġܿͻȻЩǵ˵½ҽҪôˣ˭ˮأ
ƻЦ˵Ҳһֱ˵ֲǲˣʱҪҩҲļ
ܿԷģ˵ϷǱŰɣϾѾ߾ôˣҲý
סƻһߵɫʱѾˣǻǿЩȥϷ밲ɡ
ĸŮ˱ֱȥϷ˵Ժӡ
Ϸڳ緹߽кҲһ㡣
ǳ˲ŹġܿЦ˵Ϸ÷ɣùǡ
Ϸ˵ٳһˣпƻ˵ǰ첻˵ҪŴ٣ˣԵ㳢ɡ
ѾԱˡƻԼĶӣֿ˿ϵŴ٣Ҫٳһ㣿
ܿЦŴ˴ĶͷѽܲеϢ
гϢƻѾгϢˣϷЦŰߣ³Ե㣡
ƻ³ܿӣȻͼһŴ٣ʼ̵ĳ
һŴٻûгԷһʳȫ޵ˡ
ˣ̡Դϴε֮ȻƻûΪ飬ѾĵǹϷˣͶְŪˡ
ĸӳȺˣٱϿ߽۾ҲûеҿĸϷ˺Ͱܿ񣬻ɤӽһ㡣
еƻֱӰŴٷˣٳԻҭš
Ϸ˶Ҳм䵭ֻӦһƻѳһŴٷʵôˣθ´λ
ǣܺóԣͻȻĵûθˡ
Ȼ˼Ϸ˲ܶҲûбҪίֳܱԼ
ϷȻ˵˭һ̣һЩһȥԡ
ƻͷлĸ
ϷЦ֣һԵѾ˵ҲԺˣ߰ɡ
˵һỰܿͻȻ˻ƿһ֧ɫӻ΢΢뿪ţĴÿ磬ӻѾˡ
Ϸ˵ͷɲǣΪʱʵ̫ˣⴺһЩʲôʱһȥ̤ͻ
 

ʮ 

ѽƻһ˵ҪȵȲСϲҪȥһһأôҲð£ʱһҲÿˣȥһ
ˣϷʵ
ƻͷǰҸĸȥ
˵⻰ԭһֱ۵̧ۿٵĿһۡ
ȥҲУҲЩˣڼţȥɢɢġϷ˵ҪúչĸףԼ棬ҲñĸײС
ܿЦϷˣӹǿȥʲôԳѾ㲻ȥˡ
ȥˣϷ˳һ£ֺܿĶһߣȥͲȥ˰ɣƻȥҲˡ
ܿͷƻҲô˵ġ
ƻһȥҲɰиӦšϷƻ˵
ƻҡҡͷû£ֲǲ֪ռ˿ڱͼ򵥣ҾһȥҲûʲô
ǲУֲһģи˶ûСϷ˵Ȼȥɡ
ܿϽ˵ôϷȥأҿǲˣƻȷʵҪһµˣȥģǻȥˡ
ҵİɣǶȥˡƻ˵ʲôԼܴãǷǵøš
Ϸ˺Ͱܿ϶⣬˵һᣬֻһֱû˵ͻȻ˵
ȻҸŽȥɡ
̶תͷ
ǱͻȻתͷһϽͷЩ˵ңҾǾãĸʹˣ˵ֲǺܺãȥûҲԵġ
ƻֱƲסԼҪ۵ĳ嶯ܼ롣
ܿɫҲֲּãϷмֱ˵ˣȥĻҲǲԡǣҲ˵ʲôչˡ
Ů֪Լޱչ˺ý㣬Ҳᾡ鷳ģ˵
ƻԼȥͷôܵˡ˵δ̫ӿ϶ҲμӡƻĻºܿҪˣĻˣһҪ̫֪ƻʵĿ
Ϸ˶ôʶʱǺ⣬Ҳ׷ƻΣ
ҪȥĿģƻҲܲµ֡Ȼô̫ӣξͳȫǣ
ȻԡƻЦЦҲոС㣬ֳʲôȥġ˵ĸѾ˵ˣһʲô˵ء
ȻЦţлмֲ⣬ΪϷ˲ŴӦһ㡣ʵҪЧӦ˵̫ɴ࣬Ҫ˵̾ϷҲӦû֡
Ͼ̵ոûһ˲
Ϸ˿ģ˵ƻĸⲻǿ㣬ֻǾó⣬˶ŲģŵùֻԼˡȻƽ˲ٲϲ飬ǱϾҲòǡĸҲΪá
ƻװмֲ⣬ǵǿϷϣĿ⣬춼û˵һ䷴Ļֻ̾һŮĸһģһȥϵġ
ϷοͷĸĺŮȻתͷĶ˵Լ˵ģµ͵һ㣬ǻʲô鶼ҪģҪҰ֮У
ǣŮ֪ˡӦĹɣȴϷֲʮֵķŭ߸ᶨԼһҪ޸̫ӵ뷨һ̫֮λЩ˶ԼĽ£
ĹɣϷȻģҲûжôص֣һһúչ
лĸͬ
ֻȴӷŭˣΪȻϷɹȥġ
ƻȻҲףĿһ̣Ҳûж˵ʲô
˵һỰϷ˾뿪ˡ
ߵԺ⣬̽סƻЦúƣ㣬μȻֻһȥָܶˡ
˵ƻĿ֪ʵʵıŪЩСȻҲô㻹ʵҿɲܱ֤ܻŻ
˿εвϵЦݽϣӲų˳˵˵Цˡ
ƻȴЦһһûԼɱ⣬ǾԿ
Цˣŭ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҲĸҸŵģǺúദɣ
ɱ˵ʲôúദҶ£ôܺúദƻЦһ
㣡άֲסԼȵ
ƻÿôţֱƹֱŰܿ뿪ˡ
ҵţ뿪̶֮񶾵Ŀǣҧгݵ˵
 

ʮ 

죬Ǵӡһ磬ƺƵĴ뿪񶼣ǰԳ
⴦ԳӿͽοĽ紦һֵԭϵĵط
ϵĴ죬ҪһЩµףѾһƬⰻȻˡ
ƻȿ⿴ԶɽȥѾⰻȻ翪ɽһƬ
ţ᪴ӳɺƻײһš
Įû˿ֱͣ뿪ˡ
ƻ´ŹһЦȻľѾԼʮֵ񣬾ʣµռҲһʧˡ
עҪˡ
γѲȫǰӳѲĹġ
ɡǣǻʺļ̴ӻǰغӵ̵ĹģױȣĻϳҲûĳ档
ֻĳεĶʮֻԭҪ߲·̣ҡҡλ죬˵ŵ
˴ݵӪǧˣɢԳΧ͸ҵİȫΧӺͽؾǧˣͨԳĸ·ڣֹκ˽Գ
ƻпЩߵİ۶ϡ
ΧŪôǻʲôԣ߾ܹˣĶЩɣʵҪһĳˡ
ΪռҵС㣬δ̫λȻԶһģڡ
Ȼ·죬ǱϾٶʮֵĻһ·϶ƻϾĵӻûãЩ룬ҪϢȴ׷
㣬ǲȴϺͻʺ밲𣿡Щеʵ
ΪϾݣǸûа취ϺͻʺĴʵģԲҪƻȥؼҪ˵˵
һڣƻ֪ҪʲôʮֵۣܸһòڹȥϺͻʺҲҪϢ
ֱ߽Լ
˵һҪκţֱ̾˯ˡ
һЩѿһߵǿЦˣϺͻʺ밲ȥˡ
־ͱϷչ˵ģȻһʶ㣬ƻˡ
һ̣Ҳм䵭СҲȥϢɣСǲȥϺͻʺ밲ֻֻ۳ͶҲҪϢȵϢˣȥ밲Ҳ١
ôֿе䵭ӣޱȷŭͬʱеıŰҲڳɱѾһҪϧκδۣ
άסЦ⣬˵ԭл㣬ȻȥϢˡ
ֵ˵ͷ뿪֮󣬶ߵѾ߷Ը˼䣬ǶһЩȻҲȥϢȥˡ
˰ʮ֣󲿷˶ϢˣԳҲʼ
һ˸ߵĸ̨֮ϣһŻӣǴ󳼺ͼҾλá
мȼ˽׵˶ۼȻûпʼԣţѾڿˣһ̳̳ƶѾ⣬ƮɢӪصĸ
ƻ֮󣬱Ҳ񣬸ղй̹ȥ
һ߳Ϳʢװ̣һɫԽӣзɫëߣһװɫȹŷɫһ
֬ɨԶɽü仭źĻ䡣
̼̳˰ĽģҲһѵõˡʵЩأԵ˽ᣬǰһ
ԱǰĴ·ӣɼڴ´˲ٵĹѾԽԽʺˡ
㣬ˣǲǿЩȥûϺͻʺžͲˡƻ˵
ϴЦ⣬˵ʱִżֵĽߣһ˫۾ˮģǻ˵һ㡣
ƻȴԽӵܱǰҵӣûô
ȴƫҪѧһףŤŤʵǶˡ
ô̵ʱ䣬̶ֳȣҪ˵ôаƻͲš
ոҲߵɼ̸̳ӵġ
ûйʸе飬ԽԽԽԽˡ
߰ɣƹĮ˵һŽһȥԳм䡣
ǵʱȻѾ˴룬ûе
ƻһ߹˵ߣǿȻƻ
Ͼòݣʤһⲻ˵ע⡣
ѾҪƻķͷߵƻλãͻȻһᣬһ˲ȵȹǵӡ
ߵѾ̷סȴһƿһŵĶƻ˵㣬ˡ
 

ʮ 

ôһȻ˵߶̵ϡ
ͷȴתһȦЩ˵ڶԼϣдŻָ⡣
˿ƻҲ΢΢һ䣬ȵõȹǣôֵ̿˵ǲСİƽðѵʲôӡ
ƻɫɷһҡҡ׹ģ΢΢ۡ
ͷԣͷЩ쿪ˡ
ƻû˵ҲֻһֱŰ׵ƣЩЩҡҡ׹ˡּȴֲ̧ͷͰƻһٱˡ
䵽˵ƻڹΪ
Ǵһ߹᪣ÿĳɨһ˵ɫɫԭΪƻжôĺݶٽжȣû뵽ȻĿ֮½ѵԼá
ѵðǽ֮ìŪ˾֪ź𣿣ʻҪȢŮȢȥŻŪüլ
Ҫ߹ȥӵûסһģԱߵѾ߷סֻǻᵹ˵ϡ
¶ί̵ּģϽƻ˵ʧˣ㲻Ҫ
ƻһĪΪʲôҪã
ôһ仰ǰ˶ŪЩɻˣһ
ǣòСİ˽һӣǰʧ񡣡һҪ޳ģ˵
ƻȴɻ󣬡ʲôʱˣתͷһ۽ղŰˣ
ϵҡҡͷūûп
һһ͵ӣ̺޵òӪķΧȫ˸ˣ
ƻЦ˵˵ôղͻȻԭôһ¡ǽãİҲ޷αôأλ˺ͷǿǵЦ
˵ųΧǸЦЦ˵ò£λЦˡ
ô̹ȻģȻЩɻ󣬵Ҳ׷׶ƵһЦ
ᪿѾˣҲûпȥϾҲûбҪŮ֮顣
ƻ̧ͷ˹ݹȥһ
ƻһЩ䵭ĳͷԼǾԼָˣ
ЦһȻֿǰЦ˵ֻһǳɻԭҵôأ
һЩ»ᣬҡ˰Ҳû˵һȻ
˿ﻹʲô׵ģԭںôˣôᱻȵȹǣǹġ
һ˲˸ղôƻģת̡ͬȻǶŮȤ˼֮Ųٹעˡ
͹æҵӣƻһݵЦЦŵģֻǿЦˡվȥŰɡ
ҪȴܲЦŸϵЦݱȿ޶Ҫѿ
ƻǰţʱֻ˵лҶȰ㻹ʡʡɣ
ϵЦݳάֲסһ
תͷÿһĿһôӸˣҪǴϷ˵ĶϷһӵ
ô飬ƻߣһƻ᪣ЩǶ׵һߡֻҪܵõۣǾǱϷΣ
뵽̾ͻָһģż὿ߵĿһ᪣һﻹݵģ
ƻһֹۣס񣬾ҪܲעⳡϣѵûвΧ˶ı𣿺ôδ򣬵ô˵湴ԼĽʮֵĶˣ
Ҳע⵽ˣֻþƻʾܺá
ƻ﷭Űۣ뿴ֲܿƵ˵ģԼʲôá
һ̵һԵĿƻƻȴҲ
ԽܣԼõĶȴ֮ġ
ᶨҪ뷨Сʱ򣬾һֱԼΨһһ᪵ˣԼҲΨһһʺˡ
ƻǿѾˣֺء
ΪֻҪҵ˵᪱϶ƻѡԼ
һԱߵ֣Ա߼ԼҪ̸ףҪ취֧С
ţоɱ˭һĻᣬ뵲·Բ᲻Ź
 

ʮ ϲ

뷨̵߲ԾƻϡҪ˵谭ʲôƻûбˣڮ˼ǴûҲǿ룬ɱ
ƻɱУһ⣬־תͷö̵
̶ӣƻ۾ǲһֱ̫ʴˣŻһԼɱĴɱԼ˼
ûа̷ޣǵͲֵһᡣȴһֱߵ飬ٲһַʧϷ˷֡
Σյ̺ëȫ󱳷ոͷȫˣӲЦЦȻǿԼתˡ
ƻ˵ʲôһߺŻʺ˹
ֻ÷飬վԶ
Ȼʮֵĺã棬һԵĻʺҲƽʱӹˡ
ҲֲˣϾе鶼죬߹ƵݱĵλҲ湮̣ƵҲʮֵ˳ǼֱûʲôԷյ顣
ͻʺ᪣ҲЩжǹųݡ
ƻͻȻһ飬ǰʱıʧ֮Ϊ˸Ҳй壬Ǻܿͱѹˡɴ˿ɼȷʵһТӣһš
ԸЩųйأһȻȻͳΪıˣģµĶ󡣿ɾΪţȴʧȥԼ⸱ӡ
֮󣬰˰֣°ɣЦ¶ޣϾͺúõĴһ٣˯þþӵĴԣԵģͣ
ҲЦĹǶѾԾԾԣкá
ƨҲû˵̫ӵµܼ¸ûǵˣ
ô˵Цȱ˴ڣҪλǣ
ô˵ǲõЦʾƨĵġ
ҲЦǰԳ֮ûֻ֣֮Ҳ뿴öɵı£ǿǧҪΪ̫Ӷˮ
ȻӦ£˭Ҳûеһ£ȹַ̫ͷǿɲ
ǰһӣƻЦ˼Ǻָֻܿݸģڨλ졣
Ϊ׼ҼҪ˻ľٶûʺƻ˼ֵĽ٣ֻǶЦЦûһ˵
ƻȻνֻǵȻĺŲ裬˴ڨòĺͱ˵
ʺò߻Ǿϲ費ĺӡ
ջûס֣ƻ˵˵
ƻûл̿Ҳûֻܳ˵ߵУݵ˹ȥ񣬡ʺ
ˣɡݵӣʺ󿴵øϲ۵ģж֮һһĿ
ƻ˵ͷֱߡ
Ҳ˹ЦŶ˵ʺһֱϲ㣬ҲΪûģ⼸ͺúɡ
˵⻰Ҳżֵ䵭˵Ϊûĵʱ򣬿ƻи˼ֲá
ƻֻӦһû˵ʲô
᪵ȴһֱжȵģ֡뵽еĹ˳ᶼװʱȥеľһ
ڿƻ񣬴żŭһֱӣԼצӸж٣ҲԸȢġ
кµĴ󳼿ŻʺƻĺãЦ֮ҪдϲˣǲǸǰϲϡ
ЦЦתͷһƻʵ˳ô˵⻹ܵѹ뵽ƻļֵҲܲðա
ǰϲʱϲҲ٣Ц˵˵ҲĬƻᪿҪ׵顣
Ȼᣬתͷʼϲ᪡
ȻûԵöôˣҲûû顣
б̣ƻȥͿʼԼеӣһЦݵĽŸĹϲֱһʹӸˡ
һǵֶתͷһۣдżֺͲϲ
̸ûзֻ֣˰Թţ᪸ΪʲôͿңǲһԣƻһЫĳŮˣ㲻Ҫƻˣ
 

ʮ ת

ʺķΧǸûзΧʲôԣֻһĿƹʵĸûй𣿱ĸ׼ú٣λúء
˵ʵƻ᪣Իʺ
ΪɢĸԹԵᣬƻѾ˶ϱԼĺӡ
˵жϾɹĻУ˺ʹĸ鶼˶ݡ
ûиı֮ǰԸҲƫڻʺġ
ƻЩ߰뷨׵ԺЦŮĸʵҲֻΪ岻ãҲֻܸϺ鷳ûй
һֱ˵岻ôãûкúõĳҩ𣿡ʺżֵǵ˵
ƻЦЦкúõĵϾĲһˣҪʱ䲹Ҳס
ʺҲʮһֻ꣬£ôܳŵס
ƻ֣ǿˣӶںͷֻҪúýţһܿõġ
ƻЦŵͷл
ǰ㲻Ҳˣϴν㾫ͷҲǺܺãڿɫǺЩ𣿡ʺʵ
ƻ˵лŮȷʵѾˣСˣܿͻָˡ
ʺͷҾͷˡ˶ٻ˵֮ǰ游Ŵ˵޸̫ӣ֪
ƻ¶ͷʺӡ
㲻¡ʺ˵ȷʵЩǱҲ֪ⲻĴ
ԣƻ̧ͷһۣﲻҪﳼŮ游ҲΪƻá
ʺȴЦ޸ʲôõģĻ˵Ϊã
Ů˼ƻЩңǻǺܿ侲Իʺ˵ܼ޸̫ӵ£۰ŮⶼǳŮĸ֡ǣŮȴռҡＫطռͷǿʢռҶԳŮʵǺ¡
ʵĲƭʺ󣬵ǱϾͬȻҲΪԼã˵ࡣ
ʺȻ鵥ЩҲôӡＫطĸ֣ʲôý͵ġ
ƻ˵ƻҲôռ̫ҫ֣֮
ƻҡҡͷŮȻôΪֻⶼ游뷨
游Ҳ̫Щʺֵ㸸Ź֮ǻϵұۣҫӦõģô˴أָ֮޻̸֮ϻնԼһֱ۲ɡ
ƻ΢΢һЦ游ʹˣ뷨ͶЩҲηηβģﲻҪ
ʺ׼֮ǰҲ֧Ϊƻô˵Ҳмͬˡ
ƻЦ˵˵ҲûдȷʵЩˡ㲻֪ΪȷʵЩѹҲЩԹġ
ǳŮƻϽͷ˵
ʲôģʺ֣ЦһĴȰ᲻ù㣬⺢ãʮֵϲѾ㵱Լĺˣ᪵ǲɣȻġ
˵ţƻҲмֺߵĵͷŮ˵ã
ôûУʺЦ˵ɲֻбϲ㣬³̫ӵ۾ҲǴûдƿأ
ƻٵ̧ͷһۣȻԼ̵ͷ˼⣬ôˣѵҪҸȼɣ
˰ʺǺǵЦţ֣Цĺӣ˽⣬ĶһģǲزסģԲŻһֱ㿴ɻıϾ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬˭Ҳֹǲǣ
ƻɵͷЩߵŤŮĸġ
ʺ͸ӸˣճһʼʹӦµģܿҲûбʾͬ⣬²ǳ
˵ĶԻҲЩжƻʶʱҲе⣬᪵˸
ԭͿߵƻǺߴӵһۣȻҲûдʺ˵ӣӣٿƻǽߵģҲͷһȡ
Ҳݻ¸еϲҲԸ޸ԼģʵҲǸ˵ġ
ЩѱӣԸҲЩһҲΪıġֻҪı䣬ҲԸó͡
ȵƻȻܸܵĵĥĥղžͲӦöԻʺͷںˣͷҲóҵóøǹ᪣С
ô룬ڰһпˣǰ϶ˡ
 

ʮһ ϳ

Ȼ˵ǲ飬ǱϾով۳Ͷ٣ܿͽˡ
ƻ첢ûϢãôһҲ˹ȵףֱӻصϢȥˡ
ԭҲصԼ񣬵ƻһʱĳƽƻ⡣
ȻлԼҲֱӽȥ̴ӽһ˵̫á
ƻѾϴã£ϴ˯һüͷһ۽ʾ͡
ͷߵ̫ӵ£ҼСѾ˯ˣʲô黹ٹɡ
ȴô׷˵ûб˼ֻм仰Ҫ˵
̫ӵ£ҼС˯ˣҲ֪ӲǺܺã·ʮֵ٣ϴˣһؾ˯ȥˡ˵
᪵˵ǰһû뵽ڶûлָһۣ˵ȻǾˣʱ򱾹ٸ˵ɡ
л̫ӵ¡
뿪ʱ򣬽ߵƻߣС˯ɣѾˡ
ƻվ·˲˴ϣԸðҶϸˣʲôִݶһ
ǣūˡ˵
ƻ˻֣ˣԼ۾ûжñ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬Թ緹ƻһװ˸̨ǰ
һװе˸о֣еȴȻиսĸףҲ̫
߹Ц˵죬ƻҲҪϳ𣿡
ƻЦŵ˵ͷ̸ϣŮֻڼƾˣɫ
ãôõľɫǲúͣȷʵǹˡҲЦ˵
ʺȴЩͬԳʵ̫ΣˣַޣǱԵô죿ƻ㻹㱾˵˵ɡ
ƻҪشһȴ˵˵֪ʱһֱ岻ãڼƻˣҪһҲ޿ɺǣﲻ⣬Ů졣
ǰ䣬ô£䣬Ҳ˼Ҫƻʺ׽ͼҪ̫ԡ
Χ˵ִһЩģǱĹŮǣǱĵλ߳ô࣬˵ֻҲ̫Բˡ
ʺЦҲЦȻնС㻹ĴһɣͲűĥʱˡ
˵Ȼίľܾ
̾ǸûвһЦ˵Żʺҵңô˵ĥʱأοղž͸Ů˵ˣҪԼ䣬óŮš
⻰ʺϵЦⶼЩάֲסֻʣΣ֪ôش
Ҫ˵ʺҲʮΣϵѾ˾ʮֵļƣȴֱ
˵ķӦƻֻϽ뿪̵ڸԼκεĹϵĶˡ
Ҫ˵ˣҲǣ˹ƻЦſʵϢô
ƻֵ̫䵭㵭Ц˵
᪵ͷɫȷʵǺöˡϵ·ϣʵҲȥԣ
ֻһ䣬ƲǴԡƻ˵
ʺϽ˵̫ȰһȰԳôΣգģĸ󡣡
Ц˵޷ҪĴߣģĻ󲻱صġ
⻰ʺЦҲԣȻ̫ڣȻƻ˵ġ
˵Ż̸һߡԭƻڵĿյֺһ»ʺ󣬵û뵽ƻúһȥԳ
ֻҲûɵ̸Ŀ˵ҪƻֻóĬվһԡ
ߵƻʵģ
ƻҡͷԳ׼Ҿһƥˡ
ĲƥӦԳõ֮һˡЦ˵
ƻ¶־ȵı飬漴Ц˵Ҳû뵽ֻǿܾ񣬾Ͱǣˡ
ӦþǵԵְɡ᪾Լ˹ƥȻõ㣬ҵļȾͲ̫Զˡ
˵ëǼ磬Ѿˡ
ƻ˿һ۱ϳȷʵǧһĺѹĽ԰ˡ
ȷʵҪƥˡЦ˵
 

ʮ Χ

ĻЦ˵ûȷʵҪܶࡣ
ƻЩĪӣֻԺʱӵĿɰ̲סԼõĶó
˵żô
ƻЩˣ̫תҲת̫ˣȻԼݸ
ƻôأ˵ʹãֻ㿴һĺû̫ҪԣȻҪԼϤݲС
޷Ǳż磬Ե᪶ƽ⣬ȴǼֵ˵
ƻȻǾܾͲ᪳ϹϵҪʱƺҲϴˡ
̸ֻܿģ˵ЩʲôҲҲղ̫ӵҪʹˡ
ƻļ£ҲûİѼ
˶ѾĲˣδ˭Ե࣬޾Ͱ͸
˵ţӻͳһѻͨذס
ڳ˶ǰһ״˵࣬ɶϣһѿɳı
û뵽ȻôãóĲͷ
Ҳ˻عζδ룬һ̫ӣذȻҲġ
綼ҪĶһַʽˣתתԼġ
ƻһ۳ףԭʹúõĳһͷҪǻܵõôһͷȻ͸ˡ
ˣɣԼҲ
˱Ҳתͷƻ˵͸ҰɣԳΣҲһˣңһᱣġ
ƻЦŵ˵ͷͲмƲ죬˦˵ʲô
ӻҪģ󻹸ŲǸΧ˳ȥֱԳһС
ߴеݱ߹صȴѾʮֵĽš
Դͽ˼Ǹ׼Ե飬ԷʲôͨĿ˽ġ
ȻҪģȻ֪
ǾΥһֻΪճѾ춯
жôô죬ʱ򣬻ʮĵطôѾ˲ʮֱƾճֵһԼǰ̣ѾλãǰŲࡣ
Ȼ̧ͷ裬һʦģĻӣ㲻ǰһֱճѵûзʲô쳣𣿡
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ҲʲôĻͷϣҲ콫ѵЩ޹𣿡
ÿ죬ǰղ˵ҺúöճУ鶼ùܡеıɫҼ˿ã˵ӦùЩ顣ϴżֵļ˿Ǹıʿ
˵һԣ˰˵Ļӵ˼ң
蹴Цֵµıɢ˾֪Ŀں˵龿˭˭Իϣ
㣡üͷؿھҵţȴҲ׳˵εҲ޹ء
ıʿŽ㣬վ˵ĻΪ֮ƻǸϽӭеߣ۵ĵ˭˭
뽫˵ʲôȻҲҲ죿ҲŭŽѵôܽµϹ٣Ի˵
Ҫȴıʿ£ֱӹ˵ϣ˵ǣСûԼݣĻ˵ⶼҵĴͲؽ飬ĻҪͷһ˰ɣ
ǰɣãˣʮʲôǸ˵ģʲôǲ˵ģ
̺һҿ˭ңȻ裬̻ûпʼĻӾⷢ±ߵˣѵͲ½ʿǺ𣿡
ЦһʿڽӪѵʱ򣬾Ѿģ
Ļ˵ŭ쳣Ȼ߳ŭĳɷָ࣬ĻӽһҪǲǣΪ׷ҵĴӦеĶԲߣ
ƽΪ˲춼ע⣬ҲһˣսڼûлЩëƤȥҲûбҪһֱá
䣬дŴδǰ¶ᣬ˲ʢˣʵѹƺһ˲䶼ˡ
ҹΪԲߣǽ˵ⶼҵģȻҪ׷ԴȻҪ˵һЩΪãʡýô˶Ŀ
 

ʮ ۷

㣬һʱ侹˵ֻԼͬ׹˱ߣ
ºĻôƣûڻϺ̫Ͽ
ϣԼۣǰǰĿȷʵĻӡûпۣǾһֱˣ϶ˡ
ֻҪҾܽĻҲһֱҡ費͵ļ
ǿһ򶨣û֮ǰĲʵĻô
蹴Ц⻰Լɣ
ҽĻӹΪӦеĶԲߣȻҪѯĻЦЦһǰ顣
Ҫ˵װǸαװģΨһܽ͵ľ֮ǰαװǰʵ
һαװô꣬αװʱһαװĿĿҪɵʱ
ʲôĿģͻȻǰеαװԭ򲻹һ˵֪Ͳ֪޹ؽҪڶûдŰѽ˵ȥ
ǵһǵڶýֱð亹˵޹ؽҪ˵ԼеĲûзϣֻĬĬĿһȥ
ڶԽӵĿˣֻ뱣סԸԼʲô֪
費֪뷨֪˸ͲںֻǿӣЦһҵԽ˵ôҪ𣿻ΪҹֻΪʦأ
˹Ծˣ̱ܿ⣬ֻЦ˵Ļ˵Цˣʦһ˵أ˶˵ղȷʵʧˣĻӲҪ
Ⱦת̬ȵԭȻֻЦһ˵Ȼô˵ˣҾŲţδ̫Сˡ
˵ǾĻ˵һ˵ǽӦô𡣡
迴һֿۣ˿ɳ̣˵ǵоٶȸͲٶȵеؼףȫֻװ͸ˣǾֻ˵ĸһСɵоȫ
ҡͷôܣɳ˵ľȫ
ǾͰйл
Ϣڻָûڸǰߣ̸˹
߽У
תһȦϲûо֮ɫֻżȻǲôְй
ųճļϸ
Ϊǰ̽ϢƽʱԷɸ봫ţôԻ
Ϊ˱գ軹Ǵ̽һ
ŵЩΪشſ˵ӳСĻλ
ͷûʲôʮֵȷʵ㵱ʱɿоˣ
ˡ˵ΪĿ˵ʱоΣӳСĻ뽫˵
˵Ȼͺúø˵˵㿴Ρ
ͷ˵Ϊ˲о֣һֱھоʮʮķΧ̽о򡣽ӳ뿪Ӫز;Ȼͷ˶Էĳԭ̽һǳӪأû뵽ǾȻ˵оĴӪ
˵ôʲôãֱ˵˵Ӫͷ˵
迴һۣתͷԳ˵û£˵
һ裬˵ӦǺ±֣ӪѡһɽڣӪ֮Уֻ
Ȼ֮Уôܶ϶дأʵ
˵ʱ緹ʱ䣬ӪдǴ̣Ҳв٣̵Զ϶
һ˲ʵУʣµӪڣۿɼжʿأ
룬˵Ǻܶ࣬Ѳվڵвһǧˣټϸ󷹵ģҲһǧҡ
жϣЩʵ
û뵽ȻԼЩܳϽ˵С˿ЩȷʵʱڰɽλãǵӪػǱȽģʱۿɼӪʴٶһӪдſסʮˣɼʵ̫ˡ
ͷȷʵ̫ˡ
᲻ǹ˶Ϊ࣬;裿˵
Ƴһۣ˵ȻֺαôӪʣǴ˵𣿡
ȴЩ׹ǰһ˵˼ǲ˵ЩӪܸûˣ
 

ʮ е

˳Ļ貢ûȻشתͷЦЦĿ˽һȻ˵һСܿ׵Ķһס
Щȣֻܰѻ𶼷ϣ˵ʲôӪʵôûˣ
ŭһϽ˵Сֻ˵˵Ϣŭ
ȴͻȻ˵˵ûЩӪȷʵûˣ
̿裬ǿҲڿԼߵĻȫȥֻЦ˵ĩʵЩףĻӽ󡣡
˵֮ǰ˵ֿܣһܾؼס
û˵꣬˵ⲻܣǲֹһεļʶоؼףʤõǾԲܶؼס
㿴ûбȳ˽о˰ɣ迴ŽǾֻڶֿˣĲһСɵо
ʵǵĿʲôأ
һЦĿĺܼ򵥡ֻҪפǾͻȫתƵȻȥ̽Ķ򣬵ʱȻһֲ
ǣЩģһҹ֮оʮţ̫ʶˡ
輥Ŀ㲻ûй𣿡
ҡһʱԣһͰͨ졣
˵Сһ׮ģܵġ
ȻңͼǱߵģֻЩ˼עоĶˡ˵űվһЩ飬ȸˣʣµıʿְɡ
ҲϽվôɣⱾȫ飬ĻҲⰡ
⻰ֻúЦתͷŽʹôͻȻôϴβ˵ֻҪճУ鶼ò룬ôͻȻҲˣ
⡭һʱԣܲ˵ΪԼеΰɡ
ЦЦǽøҲ룬ҲˡֵЩϻбӪصأҿɲȫ
޻˵ֻܿ뿪
֮ıʿЩɻŽʵЩ飬Ҫôӣ
һ̧ۣǳ£˵㶮ʲôĸ˵һȻãǣԼһܳе𣿡
ıʿͷǽȫ
УԺ˵עһ㣬ѶĻӵĵֵ̫ˡ˵
ıʿ΢΢һû˵ʲôֻ˵ͷ
ԳѡвԭֵĵطûеģֲԣҲͶԡ
һĶ죬һĶﶼ˳ܻʳ
⴦ԳûпŹľԶܵͣǴӪسû߽֣᪾Ѿջ˲
һɴ⣬ƻ˵˵һֺ⼸챾һң·
ƻЦЦл̫ӣƻҵ
ʲôҵġᪿʱԱ̫Щ
ƻֻЦû˵ȴĬĬķ˸ۣ˼һһ޲ðԼ̫ӵдϣôܲס
ᪿͷֻǺˣһ߿˿˵ЩѾ㹻ˣȥһ䣬ȥ
Ҳûʲôرȥĵطƻ˵ô̫࣬ӻǶЩȥûϸ˸˰ɡ
ţͷдż飬øʸȻҪǸҪˡ
ǻ˺ƻصĺһ˦ȥ˦ԶԶġ
ЦȥǱֿɣ˵һˮ峺
ֻߵֵлܰ˦Լȥ
ãȥȥ᪴Ӧĺʹ졣
ȻƻĻǺܶ࣬ȴΪڹӣϲġ
һ˺߽ܿУû߶ã;˻ˮ
Ѿˡ᪶ƻ˵֪û㣬еĻǾͿںӱ߿ԣһѰζ
ƻֻЦŵ˵ͷİѾ죬˵⻰ûжĻӦûôǿҪԷĳ嶯
һǱֱӿһһ峺͸ĺӣ̸˵ָƻ
ƻȴһץסĸ첲ָĴߣʾҪڡ
᪵ͷӨ׵ָ©һģ̧ЩɻĿš
ƻȴһСĽģָָԶ
˳ָ㿴ǰ׵ĵطһֻߵͻںӱߺˮǵĵ˿ûв
 

ʮ 

᪵ҲһƬȻ̳ԼʹһɫǲҪκζˡ
ƻԭΪӦòȴԼʹһɫʾˡ
Цһ֪ʲôˣԼΪʲô
᪵ȻûвĿеֻСĵš
Ȼǲϻá类ϻ֣԰˼ȥ
˵һ԰ȫλãϻҲûзǡ
ƻתͷ˵ԳϻļҲǳСΪʲô̫Ҫ
᪵ҲЩҲסǿЦЦ˵ǷֻΪߣ˲Żѡߡ
ŵĽƻȻţֻЦһ˵Ϊ̫ӵ¶ʧصʵǵһԼһ䣬õ²ù˼ң
һλǹġôףɫ̳⻰ʲô˼ǲΪ˱㣿ǾñΪ²˻ģ
ƻ۽üҶų᪣Ц̫ӵôֻԼ֪ûбҪŮ͡
ʹƻѾŬؿԼıˡΪڻǺ˺ʱ
ֻѾᷳܹ⸱α
ѾŭҲƻ֮ǰǢգֻѹסԼеŭ𣬶ƻ˵֪α߶Ѿܹȥˣ㻹ȥʲôطȥ
ˡƻȴѾһˣ˦ڵʱãŮЩˣȻȥˡ
ЩѹƲסԼŭʵѵϣðȥһֻϻİȫѵͲҵİȫ𣿡
ʵƻЩĪŮΪʲôҪûʲôϣϣһ˵ܿǵŮİȫŮȻмŮֻЩˣҪȥ˶ѡ
ʹô˵ʮֵĲ죬ֻˣ
ƻͷŮ£ȷʵЩˡڸֻ̫̫ӣǻȥȽϺá
ֻõͷһЩ棬ȻǱȥҲȥϻûС
л¡ƻͷл
һʱеĲ죬ȥúϢʲôĵطһҪ˵ȥˣȥĸ˵˵ϲ㡣
ƻһһӦ£ָֻ˹ɵģ᪵ĲҲɢЩ۵ҲЩЦ˵ȥɡ
ӣƻȥ
ƻҲûоֻܾǴĴߡ
˶ƻݵҪԣںһֱúܽһֱûҵǵߡ
ֱߵֵıԵ˼ᡣ
һֻҰͻȻӲݴд˳˵ЩܾƻûݺݵļһӣһµҵļһС
һϽƺµ׷˹ȥ
ƻܾһ·񱼣׷ϵģһʼܿЩӰֻԼƻļˡ
׷һξ룬ʧȥһһӰҲʶԣ̲ǒY·
һ·̫ӣһ·߻ϡ
ƻּһξ֮󣬱ƾ߳ļͣ
Ĳӣƽּš
ĿĵȻҲǲԣҪԵǴ͵ֻ˵ķͷ
ϵĹʽĹǺ˳֣Ƕƻ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
ּãƻҲû͵вҰúҰȥһʼЩģҿ̫ûжã͸´ȥ
ƻҲЩΣЩûֵ
һ֦㸩ȥŪϵҰãͻȻһǣƻѭȥ
֮Զĵطվһͷ¹ںө۾֦һߵģ
ƻüģǳˣô²ɱأ
֮£ִֻһѿ֦һߡ
ͷ¹һĿ˿ƻȻͷһֱᣬǵֵסѿջ󣬻˹ȥȷܰȫ̸֮
ƻֳϣ±߱ȥݳԵӣڿԶԵûȻҵ¹
ҪȻǶԱɱɡ
 

ʮ ɱ

ƻԥɱɱЩЩֿɲῼǡ
΢ƻҪɢѾˣƥͻȻ˳һȫûз¹
һƥҧסĲӣһƥֱ¹õϣǰıϣһҧļϡ
¹󣬸͵ֵƥǿ׳ǵĹ˻š
һз̫죬ƻûʱֹƥǡµٴ˾ƻ˺ôſס
Ǵһ¹Ѿ˵ϣƥ̰ǣҪʼá
ոջܰĳͻȻͱƻһŭɼǲʲôﾺˣ¹ǳҶģǾˣɱҲӦ֡
ƥǣʲô
ָٳһ֧ڹϣֻͣ˳ȥһֱӽ˺¹һֻǵԴһԴ߶ûһֱӵ¹ϡ
һֻ꣬ԼȥԵǣһԼͬͻȻˣȥᣬӾҪУٻͬ顣
ûзԴҲֱ䴩ˡ
ƻ˹ȥֱӽƥǵʬߵһߣȻһЩ֦¹ʬڸϣҪڱˡ
Ȼתͷƥǵʬ壬Ⱥӵģɼһǵͬ飬ȥһңһѶͷӦܼ˰ɡ
ȻϣΪƥɱ¹Ǩŭġ
ƻƥǵʬҲغãЩսƷȵһ뿪ʱߡ
ȻͿʼѭƥµĺۼһ㿪ʼѰҡ
ҪҰݴĵҵ߹Ĳףƻ׷ټܵҲǳߣùζҵһЩķ㡣
ʱǣЩ£ҲԼߣȥͳ⡣Ҳ޺е˩
ֻÿĲӣҵطԲݣҽ㣬Һòã
ȻܻӦʵڲǸ취Ѿס˸ղŲʬĵطȵɱҲסλãԼȥҲǿԵġ
ԼԵݣԱ˾ͻȥɡ
֪ĻǱͶˣֱߵһ߳Բȥˡ
ƻϰѹժȻ׷ǵĺۼ
֤ôǶԵģΪûжãֱӺͽʮֻײˡ
֮ǰƥǿ̽·ģǵĴ󲿶ӣҲӦѭƥµζҹúƻײһ
ǴδЩǲûֱӹǾĿţ۾һֱƻתתȥȻ̽Ѱ
ôǣƻȻҲʮֵĽţҲ̷ӣһƹ̬
ĶȻȺܵвóȻͬʱԱ֮ҲʼĿһļơ
ƻĽƻֶһʶ̬ȫ˸ҰԵ˾ЩëȻ
Ĺ̬ȻȺܵвҲȺĵӺ͹
һʼ֮̽ǾͿʼԼƣļǣʼΧƶǰҲʼ̽ƻ£
ĿĺȷҪΧƻʱǵУƻѾ൱һ͵ˡ
ƻĶǰǣҲšȷ˵ĵһһѸײڶֱ֮ӷϡ
ЩûзӦĿյֱ˴Ӻǡ
ͬȥͷʮֵգ̺һʣµǣ˹
ƻվϣŲæļһһֻǣһϢ֮ǵֻ
⼸ֻǣȻȺӦֻǳԵġǷܵļڣȺеĸӦ̣չˡ
ƻһֻǣŰĿͶһߵͷǡ
һʼûֱɱԭˣЩǾҪˣڼѾɱĲˣٲɱһʣµˡ
Ȼƻϣͷһ̼Ľ˼ڰǣתͷͷܹȥ
ƻôܣ̶֧뷢ͷǵȥ
ͷǵȣǸͲܱȵģ̾ͲΣգٶٿҲƻļ졣
֧֮ƣһֻıϣһֻ䴩Ĳӡ
ƻͣҲûֻͣǣֻʣһֻǼβͣҽˡ
ֱӳذףһͷǵؿڣֱһ
 

ʮ Ӫ

ƻ˿ʬתתΪЩӲĲӣûȫɾһŲ
ֽĿܣŲ֮Ҳ˵
죬Ѫһжٲʳ
ԭвԵˣƻҲ壬ٴֱ˦˦ذϵѪ
һ߹ɿһĻһ߸ȫסˡ
һһŮվһȺʬм䣬˿Ѫմ絭˦ذϵѪȺУӦ˲һѧ
ƻ˳ڰذǵƤëϲɾ²ԼСС
ҲڷӦ˹߹Щ͵˵ǣС𣿡
ƻŵЦЦͷǣû̡
١ң١˾ڡЦݣ١˾Ҳûôˣָָˣ˵Щҵӡ
١ӡƻ΢΢
١˾̻񣬿ΧЩʬЩţʵЩСɱ𣿡
ƻͷɱġ
١˾ڿƻǳ˳飬òűһ仰С
١ӿƻЦЦ
١˾ʵС㲻Ǹ̫ӵһ𣿵Ҳ
ƻҡҡͷұҪӪϢܾܵЩǡ١ӳ֣ȻҶ֪ôȥء
ԭ١˾˵ǲС͸һȥɡ
ƻЦ֮á
ò˵ȺС㣬ĵù١˾ڿŵϵʬҡҡͷ
ƻЦЦû˵Լķ˿ȻûпӰȻʲôϣǺһ˺һΪûƥ֡
Сǣ١˾ڶΪеɻ
ƻЦڽҵ
ССر𡣡١˾һȻ򣬸˿ԼĿޡ
ƻתͷһۣԼ¶ɵӵЦ˵١£ʰʰҵЩô
١˾ڱ⡰ơЦݸжĲУǵһҵĵŮδ̫Ҳ̫ƽ׽ˣ̫ûмˡ
ӦҸɾʮָ£ʰЩʬ
ƻֺһֱûжԶҲӦǲˡ
ҪʱȴȻһûжãӰּ˳ƻҲ̲סϲЦӭ˹ȥסĲӣôסҵģôܹҵģ
ȻûлشЩߣֵͷһûմѪĲݡ
ƻ١˾ڵԼһᣬص֮ǰĵطʬ˹
ʬ١˾ھԼѾܵˣӲݴϳһֱϻ壬֡
ʵ̫࣬ƥҲȥ
ƻһ͵ȡģ֦̿ãٰﶼ棬ϣߡ
ȻЩȫȥ
Ҳֵ˱иٵ¹ͻصӪء
һȥȻ˵ע⡣
Сˣ
֪˭һ䣬Ӫض궯ˡ
Ҳ˳ƻŵʵСû°ɣ
ƻûüش𣬻ʺҲ˳һ߹ƻɻˣû°ɣûˤˣ
û¡ƻ˿Χˣôˣ
ʺ˵㻹أһ˶ȥȥˣ
߹żּ˵ǰҶĽ㵣ĵҪеȥҽˣ㵹ǺĻˡ
ͺãʲôãʺƳһ̣Ŷƻ˵
ƻæ˵ŮҲ֪Ȼô鷳ŮԭϢû·ܾˣųŮһ·Уʧ˷Һ١ӣܰȫĻ
١˾ʱǰȻǵõʺһޡ
֪ûˣ˵עתƵƥеĶϣȿʲô̴һľС
ʺЩ֣ԼһۣҲ˼죬һķθ
ƻϽסǳŮĹˡ
ôôôǣʺһԵ١˾ڣԵģ
١˾ڸϽҡҡͷ˵Ȿ£ⶼСɱģǰ˻ѡ
˻һȻ˴һ˭Ҳû뵽ôȻƻһɱġ
Ϲһ䣬ƻ̻֮˰ӿ϶ֻҪȢұضλ
 

ʮ 

߹ֹۣͣ
ЦŶ˰˰֣ɡֿƻ޵ǲ֪ƻı£ЩǵôҲа˰ɡ
ƻЦЦ˵ʱһߣŮԼҲû뵽ɱôǡ
վԱߵ١˾ȴֱ̫ǫˣûпʱʲôһߵĽţֻݵģˡ
ȻҲôģЦ˵ƻ̫ǫˡ
ƻЩ޴ɬ濪˻⣬Ů˵ȥҳŮˣǸ鷳ˡȻŮѾˣ˰Щ˸֪ͨһɡ
ΧôԼĸôԼġ
ƻ˵Ĳȥǡͷ˵
ʺƻֲ֣Ĵʲô鷳鷳ġһҲܾˣȱվˣ㰲ѹѹ
ȻƻļƻҲûа취ܾʺ󣬻ǵ˵ͷ˵ˡ
⺢ôʲôʺָҪ뿪
ӪͻȻһƻתͷȥӪ˽
ƻ΢΢һУЩôɺϡ
һ۾Ϳվڻʺߵƻ̴첽ߵƻߡ
Ҫסǹ˼ɻôˣ˫Ҳֻ࣬˵ƻû̫ˣ㲻֪жൣġ
鼱֮ȻԳƱ
ҺͣˣȻƻܱ֤Լ᲻һƱĵһȥ
ƻЦЦ˵Ůû£õµˡ
¿ȷû֮󣬲ųһʵҵĲǣӦģӦð㽻
ǡƻҡҡͷ˭Ҳû뵽Ӳߴܳһֻⶼ⣬ûа취
̾Ϣƻӵȣеʱ̫ˣǰôΣյľأ㻹˵
̫ޡƻЦЦ˵
ᪿᣬû¾ͺˡŵ˲ͬѰѪתͷ㿴һʬЩȵ˭ǣ
˭ȻƻʺЦ˵
㣿תͷĿƻתͷһߵ١˾ʵǲǺһɱġ
١˾̲廰ǣЩСһɱģûйϵʱֻ·ѡ
⻰ᪿƻЩͬѰʵûΪʲôҪȥȥɱǣ
ƻ˵ʱŮʧ˷ǡֻڽʳǣҪŮŮûа취ֻðǶɱˡǰߵʱȴײһȺǣΪ˱סȻƴһһ
ĻǵûչüͷȴĸˣⶼԼһɱģ
עҲƻ棬Լһɱô档
ƻͷȷʵǳŮһɱġ
һߵ١˾ڻΪǲƻ˵֤ȷʵСһɱġʱСʱذϵѪΧҲûһˡ
Χ۵˵Ҳвŵģô˵֮󣬱ȥʬ
ЩǴ󲿷ֶǱ䴩Դ㲻ԴҲǹɵģԼʣ١˵ذףЩǼˡ
١˾ȫΪʲôЩƻɱģ˵һм١
лл١ӡƻʾ˵Ȼ˵ЩȷʵùɱģֻͷΪľԺͷӦܸߣûһذ׳˽˽
ּһʬȻҵһƥǶҪǿ׳ǣˣؿڵˣһǱذ״̴ࡣ
ƻЦ˵»ʲô𣿡
Ϊʬ˶ƻľȷһʶȻʮֵľ죬ļҲٮٮߡ
֪ûңڽһСļ˱ʵʵҲ֤ʵһ£ƻļǲô
Ȼ˶ʶһ£Ҳû˵ƻԭͷɴӦȻó˹ŲԶڸ֮ϣһתľǼĶ
ߣȻǸûְƴЦľ񣬺οȥֻľ񲻹Ĵָĳȡ
Ȼ֪ļӦúǿȻҪȥôЦĶдˡ䲻֪Ҫôճ
ƻһȫڣϣֻŹͷķ
 

ʮ ɫ

ƻûдԽ֮ǰõǹ׼ֱֽš
ȻԽ֮󣬹ǹ£׼ļûб䣬Ҫ٣мԣߵĽǶȡ
һԼעĿϣֻ˼Ϣ֮ļͷ˳ȥ
еķ򼸺Ǵֱģֱ֮ӷɵϣȻһߣȻֻľȥ
˿ϸ֧ȵٲûľڣΪм˺ܶ࣬Լͷû䴩ľ񣬶ͷû˽ȥ
˿Ӱƻľʵ˺ܿлعֺ̱ͺȲʵ
ƻЦЦòǫѷҲ̹ȻĽǵ͡
١˾ȴһɣ˵ЩһƻɱģǾȻš
һ᪣̫ӣŮӲþͻӣôһʮֲ˵ģ
Ҳûע⵽᪵쳣֣ͣһĿƻʵȺдԵĺͽ
һֱ׷ģϿɣΪ׵ĽһжȡˣӵԽܡ
ٿƻֻЦЩۣҲЩûĶˡ
òٴγϣŮ˵Ĺ˳αװģһ׺ֺݶŮˣֳ˳ҲԼˡ
ƻȻûдᪿñ
˵ûʲôϸҪˣôķͷֵõĿ佱˵ûа취ܵġ
ȻĿѾﵽˣƻԼΪڣȻֱӻص˴С
΢ϴһһԵ˯ϣϢˡ
ߵչĻ˳ǱߣҲûʲô鷳˽ġ
Դϴֳ֮󣬽ӿʼֺ֮̽ȻֱӷˡȻͶʮֵĽСģ
費֪ʲôͻȻת뷨Ҳһ㶼ںΪЩͲҪĵġ
Ҫľǹ۲оĶȻӴֳƶԡ
ʵҲӦ飬ֻΪҪеʧ֮Σ󲿷ֵ黹ϡ
̽ôˣ迴ʵ
شڴûʲôֻмɵоһֱܻԾڸʲôûͷ
һڽʲôɸ˵飬ҪúõŪ˲У˵
ճĽƻ֪ģѾ˼ƻҲĲ𣬴Լļƻ
ǣˣ¾̼֣ȥϸ̽飬һʲôȫס˵
ͷУȥɡ
䣬һС˽˵ĵ£ȥˡ
۶ûֻ˵ȥҽںæûʱȥʲôʱ˵
С¶ɫ˵ɽ˵Ҫ̣ȥĻ»Ӱս֡
սֶţҿԱ֤ҾǲȥҲӰս֡ѾͷʼϵĹͷҲ̧˵
Сӣǲȥˣԥһ˲Ҳûٶ˵ʲôֱӸ뿪ˡ
Сѻ˽ĻҲ¶˼ŭɫĻӵļӿ붼벻ˣ
ıʿһҲЦһĻӿѾȫԼҰˣҲܿҪǲò
ϵƺĿ⣬лһЩ˵⹦ҪҲ̫ܵˡϾԺʲôݻ˵
ıʿ⻰Ҳ΢΢һ˼˵пܵǸλã
ϵҲˣλô궼ûһ˲ƾˣҪ˵עƽһôܡ˵Ѿأ˵ԼļƻѾˣǱ¶Ҳûνˡ
ıʿ˵ͷĻҲеĿǰƣǹвûа취õҲصϵĹﰡ
⻰˵ͷ¶־Ȼ˵ûҪĻ粫һѡܻ߻سҲҪĸ̫ӣԲǸλá
ıʿͷǲҪһЩҪϾҲҪսǰĲ𡣡
ã˵ͷҪЩ飬һ³̡֮Ҫˡ
 

ٰʮ Ʊ

ڶ죬ƻѾȫԼҪȥֲԵ뷨һװһУͬװĽ߽С
ϣ뿪ӪأҪ뿪ʱԱ˵ۡ
ûУСߵѾҲ˵ãռҿǲԻ
һ˵̫СˡռҼǸսĽȮӡ
Ҳ廰ռҵļҷ統ȻӰ죬СҲǼ츳ˡС¶һ֣һЩɳֶС㲻֮Ů
˸͵ǰѹֻͶ̫Ѿ֪ʷǷˡ
˿᪾ڸѹ˵ŮӱضȢò˵̫ӵǺø
⻰һµĸ͡
Ȼѹԭϸ˵᪣Ķô
ץֲս᪵Ǻ⡣̫ӣȢ˭˵ĸΪʲôƻͱĸˣ
µΪܵҲʼͣĴŽš
һһݣһ֧ҵļһڣֱӳ˳ȥ
һȺһҪԵ࣬ײУʱ򿴿û˵츳
ǽȻ⣬һ죬Ӫʱ򣬴͵Ҳֻͷ¹
һӪ̾ѰƻҪ֪һЩʲôȴ֪ûл
ﶼӪſڣһ˵׷һƻһӪſڵ
ʱƻȴ鷳
ͽûа취˻ȥдȥջֱӷһźţԵɽһӡ
֮ͽһߣߵ·ʱĸоһһֱǡ
ƻȴûзκζȴܸоһֱǿ
Խǣ߾ӵΣգһ̺Ķסˡ
ȹһʼĽŲƻѾܿ侲Բģ˵ǱеҰ޶סˡ
һʵѰһʱǣƻŬ壬ҲûоһԻûзֵĽעȴ˵ϣһʱܻס
ȻûжףΣյĸоӿ˹ƻܸܵƶķǳ죬ֱɱĺë
Ĺƻǲƫ޸ͲǴ׷ϵģϣһֱǵ
һӰʱƻֱӱϱ˵˵ϡ
ƻʹ׳ǰ֫ϣצѾƤڣѾѪ
Ҳ޵ӣɫдĺɫ״ƣƯ
ܾΪϵĻƺͰߵ㣬ƻûзֶϵ
һ˫ɫŴ״ƵĴ۾Ķͫ׶ѾŴ󣬿ɼרע
һֻκܴıӣȲһ׶ټϲһ׵βͣѹԲΥǿ
ƻ˳ݣѾϸһƷֵıӣżϾʹ̧첲ס˱ӵ򦣬ֹҪԼĲӡ
ʱҲڷӦ˹ֱӰγ˼
Ҳʮֵƺ˱ΣգֱӷƻֱӴ˳ȥ
һǵû䵽ƻֱֱ˹ȥһҲ赲ʸ
ҺƻӦʮֵѸ١̸Ͻһ˲űӵ壬ļ
Ҳһ̴Ҫȥƻ
ƻȴһ֣ҪȻѸٵĴӵվӣŲԶվһڿıӡ
ǱҲӣԽԵǰ֫ʮֵĽ׳ŵıҲʮ
ƻٴβò̾ÿһλ̺У͵̬ҲʮֵƯĻƣֱĽ
ܶ౪ӣԱǮȴûмǸƷ֣ӦǸϡУҲص塣
ͬƶһĻƣͻȻ뵽һֱӣΪƶһĻƣΪƱ
ھ̾Ʊȴ׽˲䣬˹
ƻЩ񣬵ȴѾ˷Ӧ㿪ĹȴѾڵģתͷԽʹ˸ɫøԶһ㣬Ϊ˱֤ˣҲΪ˲ɢԼע
ȻҲƱǰĶŶԷͳԼذס
ƱȻҲϵ壬Ҳķһֱ׷ٵ
˫ڽ֣ȴһֱѰŶԷֻҪһᣬؽ÷Էء
 

ٰʮһ Ϊ

һһĶŲûгãԭһƵƱȴͻȻ̧ͷʲô䶯˶Ȼ󾹹ҲƻֱӴڵϣϢ֮ʹƻʧˡ
ת֮ƻҲֱӣ뿪ķȴʲôû
ƻȴи²⣬Σյķ뿪ܿΪ̡
ֻƱοһֻĸģʱĸƱ̵ʱҲΪҹеƱȲڣ㿪ʼԡ
߹ʵСû°ɣ
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뿪֮ɫûȥǰǵӪŵʱ԰Լջ᪻û̯
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ƻԶԶĿһĻֻʵ̫ɣĲûа᪷ֲˣûʸ
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ƻֻǳЦЦû˵תͷһۣڵϵͷ¹
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͵ȥɣСɿڴǿŰ죬ܳԵľͳˣܳԣȥˡƻ˵
ȥȴЩЦ⼸ĲϣǺü춼Ұˡ
˶ƻ֪ˢµһµĸ߶ȡɽɲ׷ǾܵƢֻ꣬Ҫֵǵأ㡣
ǳ֪ǲǣټٶȷǳ죬ǴԹ˶һ׷ϣ治֪ƻô׷ǻһӶ˵ġ
 

ٰʮ 

Цŵ٩ƻС㣬ʵڣʲôһҪһ𣿡
ƻ⻰΢΢һ㶣ҲЦҵûע⣬ֻʵһȺ
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Щȥˣƻ˵С˲ǱҰϵģʱһֻӣ͵ϮС㡣
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˿ϸƻжЩ
ƻѾ۾һȦ᪣ֿ㾴Ŀƻŭգһôˣûмû˵ʲôӡСǲЩΣˡ
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ƻȷʵѾˣ˿ȻǺܴ󣬵ȴǳټצץ˵ģʮ׸ȾϾЩգˡ
ձ۾û˯죬߾ʹѰֵһҪſΪҹסˡ
ƻһ͵Ĵ˯̤һ۽
˳ȥͣһᣬǳֵȴˡ
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ٰʮ ʧ־

ƻ᪣ĵľûӴһ˼˵ѵûһ㾪ϲ
ȫǰԤ룬Ϊ˷ͷһ޲óӡûǹģҪ
Ϊ˲¶ˣͳλᣬȫˣ
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ȴӵ㲻øЩ㣬ԺܲʵʵĴﶼȥ
ȻƻԭҪŭô˵Ůл̫ӵ¹ģ⼸ˣŮȷʵܳˡ
᪱üҪţƫƫһϵģ˷ֲǲǹġ
˵Ĳֻ⼸죬˵һֱؾ㶼Ҫ߳񣡡ЩƲסŭĺ
ƻһɻͻ֣̿ǳŮʲô𣿵ΪʲôҪŮ
˫жŭĿѵû˵ʲô𣿣ԳƶˣҲϣٳͷ
ΪʲôƻȴɻˣŮȴʵЩͷȻ̫עĿЩǴ̫ӰѳŮ
㣡ܸܲΪԼķͷǿô˵ͨȻǸӵָȻһ籩
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ƻһأҲżֵĲŮʵڣʵڲ֪
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⻰ֱӴصģȫʧױˣְеĲ߶ɨ˵ϣƻ˵һ飬Ųھɱ㣡
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̳ʹһɫᣬ̳ȥƻǰ৵þ͵ֺµİ̫ӣϢŭСδް
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ƻţȴѾЦˣʵ̫ˡ
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ôһ᪵ҲԻ£ǰɪɪĽɫҰܣҡҡ׹ƻģڿеĽҲ֪Լôʧ־̶ֳȡ
ĸĸ鲻Ͻ⵽
ı⣬ʺȻԼģɫڶʧ첽߹Ͻסƻƻܾˡ
ƻҰһ΢΢ҡҡͷ˹ҪοЦݻûгͣһᣬεˡ
ȻǼٵģΪֳ£ֻܲס;˫ش赹ˣܰպ¼߳
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︺ʹޣʺ˽̫ҽ뵽ľԼӰ죬̾Ҫ˳ȥ
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һ߳ȥñ¶Χ۵˵ҰС˽һʼ뿪Ҵڻʺ˵ʲôȴƻУڵƻѾȥˡ
Ȼãƻʲô޲飬ʺֹƻȴΪղסȥˡ
˿᪵͸Ӿˡ
ǲ²ĵ뷨ǵ᪾òģɨһۣŭʲô
һֻ߳ŭӲ֤ʵǵ뷨Ȼû˵ʲô˿ˣж˼ֶıġ
 

ٰʮ ֢

˶뿪֮ҲȻ뿪ˡ
ƻȴҶʮֵĻҡ
Ҫ˵ƻռҴʲôʺһӣ̫ҽһĵʲô⣬Ҳꡣ
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Щӣʲôʺĺʧȥģʵ
̫ҽæ˵Ī΢ϸϸ
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Ұץˣʺתͷʽʲôʱ飬˵岻ôǱҰץˡ
Ʊĳ˵ˣû뵽ںôУҲЩˡ
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ƻֳЦЦ۾ûöñ˯˹ȥ
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ǳŮͷˡһģ˵ʺҲҪ̫ˣŮһչ˺ýġ
ʺֻ˵ͷȥ߶ƻ˵ҪúϢҲͲȥ̽ˡ
ɫѽҲֻõ˵ͷӦˡʺԽϲƫ̻ƻԽĺ޲ƻξôˣ
 

ٰʮ 

ʺûи̶ĵ飬ֱ뿪ˡ
վԭأԹ׻ʺΪʲô֮ƻȴһãľء
һƻȴһ㶼ƻʺģȻ˵ƻҪϢƫƫҪȥɧúϢ
ȵ̫ҽ뿪̴֮Ѿߵ⣬֮󣬱̸㣬Ұ˵㲡㣡
վһ۴΢΢Χƻ̿첽˳ȥ
С㣬СϢ㲻Ҫƿӣ˵
ʲô̵ˣŭȻô˵ΪǽߵѾߣҾͲҽѵ㣡
΢΢ҧǸϽū񣬻С㲻Ҫ
ưһȻһѰÿҪȥ㣡
ȴϽסС㣬СѾ˯ˣܸС˵˵ɫҲѾ磬ȵɡ
ҾҪڿȴģҪĸ첲һߴѾҲ簡Ȼӵ·治֪ƽʱôܽЩѾߵģҪǲ棬ÿɾҪ̹ܽܽˣ
󺺴УҪ˵ĵƻܵ˶ˣ׷Χһʲô顣
һΧôˣԭưɫѸٱίӣŽߵҲȥ㣬ѾΪʲôҪװӣѵոͲһѾ߶۸ң
ȻԻˣΪƻߵĴѾ߾ȻȻΪС㡣
ģͬķģŮˡ
￴Եݵֶֻ̣λݼ׾ӵĿЦҲƻһֱԸҪڱŮڶྺҵļ壬Իꡣ
ûװɫԽӵֱ࣬ͦԴǵ˵С㣬ȷʵūð𣬲ôͷūҲԲܷȥ
˵ţȻȻỨС㣬ҼСŸոε̫ҽҲ˲κţһС壬̽ɡ
⻰ִЩζӣٲȻһĻԼ֮ӡ
ٿǽӣȻ³ɣҲ׷׾Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰʱѾ֪ƻ˵飬ղΪִ̫εˣӦģʺ뿪ˣҪĵԼĽ㣬ȵڶƻ̽Ҳ٣ӦΪһСѾ߲ǡ
μתֱ£ίҲЩάֲסŽЩŭ㣬Ѿ߸װģղǹɺᾢأ
Ҳ¶˼˵С㣬ҪˣСᱻѵġò⣬ū澾͸ˡ
˵űҪĹ£ǶҩȴȺ˳ĳ̺һСʲô
ֹ̾ҪèЩֽţЩ͵˵ңҾ㡣
˵ַӦΪʲôҪһūô£ָŽȻһֱңҽȥ㣬ǽߵĴѾߣҷϡ
ֳ֮ԭҪµĽҲ˳վֱӣûĹȥָأ˵ֶū澵Ĺūֻ̫ҽɶСȴҪﴳ
ôҩݸ˽һ˵ô֣Сһˡҩ˯ɡ
ǣӹҩ̸˸ӣת
ƻмȷʵˣ䣬֪Ӧ˯˹ȥȥʱƻúõ˯š
ﰲȻ뿪ȻţŭǸū澶ײңȻôˣǲҲûң
ɫɱ䣬ѵһ̵Ϲһ£Ȼ˵ܶСҪô֣ҪôͷǣǶšǻ˼Լݣ˼ռҵ棬Ҫٴ֮ͥĳˡ
ȻֿΧ˵ʱˣλ˺ͷ˶ذɡ
ūľ£һͣݵҲֻܺϷߵˡ
Ȼ˵ӣҲ޹ΪѣôõҲ㹻ˣҲ׷뿪ˡ
̿Щģ֣㲻ҪҲռҵĶС㣬ӣôܶô˵
䵭ֻ΢΢˵ͷūײСˣȵȥūһϷ췣
 

ٰʮ 

̵ʱŭˣ㲻ҪĸѹңĸҲԲ۸ҵģ
Сˣū˼û۸С㡣˵ūǽֳȻϷūūָСǵпĵطС㲻ݵĴ󳳴֣˵ΧʵԡȻСūˣȻֻϷˣ
㣡ţ˼ֻϷ˲ʸ񴦷㣬С㲻ǲǣ
ȴʮ䵭ֻͷЩСˣūһū澣СӣҪȻá
ãֱӰϵıӳ˳ŭȻô˵ˣǾͲҪֱС㣡
ѾˣԼǵֻʲô³
ҲʹˣһεȵȥһҪϷ˵ǰúøһ״
ʵĺֲƵˣЩͱֵĺԳΪƵĵūЩͻԼƽʱΪ˴УʹֵĲԣҲ˸оһȡ
Ҳ޿ɺǣΪūһ̣ǾͺһپһˣȻӵƣǵĵλǸߣȻܶʹɫˣ˭һ㡣
־ԭǽϷ˵Ʋչƻල̡
ĿƻӣֵģŮϷ˺ƻϣȻҲ͵һЩ
̺Ϳףʾ߾û˿ףӻûµʱߵѾ߾Ͱסˡ
С㣬ִ򲻵ð
һ˦֣ŭҲϸǲǣ
СˣϷߵˣΪչʹС㰡Ѿ߸ϽִеĿġ
ȻޱϾԼѾ߻㻭һ漴ҲЩ
ǿŵͷ֣иӵĲʡӻȥ֮һϷǰʲôûˣڵֱӴһٳ
뵽߬еıӣһƿԼѾߣ˵ҽŹҲԲŹңҽ컹ĸ۸ң
˵ţӱѾ˦ȥ
û뵽ͻȻܳһӰֱӰѱӸסˣֱӴ϶˹ȥ˦˵ϡ
̿ǰˣϵĺëһΡΡָ㣬ʲôˣǻʼֻҪ˹ܲ
Ŀһۣ˵ֱٴһ˲ʧӰ٣
̿ͻȻʧʵļ֣ʲôˣɱǲǣǲҪɱң
ֺ޲ȥһƣסˣֻ˵С㲻ôС֣ϷλСİ
Ҳ֪ոаǻЩţǣǼȻǱǵģղΪʲôҪ㣡
ǴżЦūͲ֪ˣСǸһʺˡ
ȻѾ˰ӵ׼ѾǺˮڼȻûеóѣҲ
ֿƻûʲôѾ˯ˣֱ˵ǶСûµĻūȸˡ
ȻŹղŵİʹģҲֻգҲת뿪ˡ
ȴѾȷȷʵʵֶɱģֻһͷֻҪܻŻȥͲȥϷ˵ǰ״
ԳбΣأƹubuyeˣһϸˣһ
뷨һȫֹסҲ׼õĵҪȵһʱ
Ȼ֪ΣѾԼƽˣֻǶ˼̵ֶʵھϷ˸ûбҪˡ
˺ļ죬Ϊƻ˸գҲûڳţûͷԳҲƽȻҲûԹ͵
⼸ȻԳعƽȴɲƽȻǽҰ
ĻӣС˵Ĺ˰ɣӵȻǵɽϾӵͳ˧ıʿЦŶ˵
λϵȴһĮĿʲôҲܸ˵ý
ô˵ıʿȴ治ɫ˵ʵæȻҲС˴ͣǰĻӣȻΪӣϾֻһλ»ҪǸϽеıɣ
ǽ˱ǽսµĻȨҲԲܰеıȥ
 

ٰʮ Ȩ

ıʿþѹңԽӵı䣬˵Թֻڵȫʱ򣬲ܺҵû˵ʲôսҪȫ
Ϊ˷ֹרȨԲо̻Ǳ߹פأ͸ĸղͬıֻϲܵȫ
ϵӵĻƣлһǷֹ䶯һǷֹרȨ
ΪܹռŴıֻҪȨʱһ˾ܺȫһȫսµ
ôܲ뷨ôóѡ
ıʿƺѾϵô˵ЦǰǴս𣿽ǵĻʵ̫æԾӵȵûнӴʱ»սҪĻȡñʱǵҲͨĻӣΪʡȥ鷳
Цһ˵Ŀ湻򵥵ģ֪ȻΪʲôҪƶĹأѵֻΪ鷳Ͳ˵ģԼдһ۸Խɡ
ıʿ΢΢һЦҲмֽӲ˵⵱ȻֻСһ˵뷨ȻиĿֻǻǹǵĻ̫æЩҪճλãҪα飬ҪǰĶʵǵĳ֮ʱĻӻս
Ͳصˡһְڣʲôʱʲô飬һģ߽Ҫȫұضѱʱϡ
Ҳ̫ЩΪȻǰ¶ʵĿͲʹϵˣͲҪñ鱨ȥ
Цǲ¶ԼĿĸҲѾʱʱ̿ѹˣ֪ĿҲֻǸȷһֱöȷİˡ
ıʿҲȷʵЩû뵽ԭ϶費ͱǱȥǿ޿ֵӣЩϲ׼ĵˡ
Ͼһֱºʾˣȴڰ躹޵Ļӣ˭֪ѾôʵȷʵĲܿġ
һƲɣһƣȻסĵٽһȷʵӹɵġ
ȻǾþеĵơ
ţıʿЦȻõĻӵı֤Ͳˡֻǻһ£ڳĻӵУýͺʧȥ۾˽оĶ򣬻Ļܹ黹
۾΢΢һУΣգĪʧˣЩǽԽϵģ˵ȰȰĴ̽ôҲ֮ҪȥδЩϦˣ¾ͲĲ𣿡
оɵľǳϦģҡڵ̬ȣȻþĸ輸˲ץסĺģıʿɫ̱úѿ
Ż˵Ļˣֻľµô˵ǳϦأ
ЦһҲҴֻ˵ȻǾµ˵ɣҸ˵ʲô񡣡
ѾڶȻӣıʿǵһβ⣬ڶλɫ裬ǿЦС˾ǽɹĻЩġ
ü۽üҾǼЦһǾ仰ʲô̸ܴ
飬Ļֺαأıʿڳ˵
¶ɱ⣬ǿǽ˵ķϣô˵Ͳ֪ٴˣҿ㻹ǹԹԵĻȥЩԭⲻĸ߽ҲֿڲˣʲôҲҪڵôߣһһëò
ıʿеɱʵʵһ·һ̲жôĿ£Ҳ׹ΪʲôͻȻļɵҲѾˣѾ׳Ϊж
Ŭ񣬲ǰ¶жôĵӣȻҲѽˣֱ׵˵ĻӼȻѾôãֺαز̼գֻҪҶõԼҪĺദкβɣ
迴װ򶨵ıʿмû뵽ֵز˵ֻҲ˵һֱźദ뷨ģһıңвҵļƻǲӬһ㲻ͣķңҲòЩǡ˵ʵҸʹûаǷҵϣֻҪԹһŲ֪ӣҲǵġ
 

ٰʮ 

Щıʿ˵ֱѾֱ׵ŵĳ̶ˣѾһ󵨵뷨ǲѾܹսµĳɰܣһֱʧ᲻йϵ
ֻһͷѾڿƶݵ񣬸׹ߡ
迴ſ粻飬ЦЦ˵ҲǸˣΪ˽ıߣɼҲĹúȰȰϴֱѵ𣿡
ʾѾˣıʿͦףҲͲ֮ܳΪıʿˡװһͰһ㣬ֳģӲĵ˵ͷ֪ԼôĴʵġ
վڴպ֮£ȴĺŸܲůֻһϦ֮췭ظһ㡣ѹĸо˭ҲܲԼһֱĻƵˣԭһֱǿϷһ㿴㡣ԼҲ̴嵱һſп޵ӡԭоĶһЦˡ
ԭ˵ˣתȴ֮ȫ֮޿󼰵ġ
˿־ıԼûмֵģһжûκģһӴڣȻҲҲԼڵ塣
ıʿ˲ǺôͣȻڱıԵȴûг׵ı
ųصĲĴ߹ȥԭͬ˵ģֻҪʱס͵λؾֻ֮Ҫվ̫һ࣬㲻ı
ȴѾԵĸоҪס͵λӦʲôʲô鶼ıˣȻǻܿ춪Щ
ֻ֪ô˵ֻһԼ׵ġ
ܲͣδ֪ȴѾⲻͣˡ
鷢֮󣬹ʱ䣬Χ˶̬ȵת᪣һǱƻˡ
Ϊʱûȥ̽ƻûбʾһ˿Ǹ͹ģ֤ʵ˵뷨ƻĹϵǿƵһԴƻʮֵ⣬Ƿǳֱ
˶ʼΪƻòֵϾƻҪһ֪֪ԴķʮףαΪ̫Լأ
ôһҲ׳һǵһǣûȥĵȥƻǳҹɫ㿪˵ߣƻ⡣
ֱԼסĻֱӴ˽ȥ
ƻûϢǰ飬ɫЩ԰ףǾѾָˣŴ᪣ûһ⡣
ᪿӣȷԼĲ²⣬ϵһǲǣ
ĶСѾˡƻ˹ķ飬᪷ʵ֪ҹǰʲô𣿡
ŭٸװ⣬ǰƵҵĶԲԣǹˣʧȥǣƻҵǲǣ
˵ʲôƻȴЦ޴ЦäĿԴ󣬾ҲڹԼˡ
һѹԼŭЦֻңֺαػôװֻҪ㵽ʲôҲһ㣡
ƻЦҪĻʲô˵˲ɵӣԾһƭ֣ĶûˣҲ˵ҪΣֱԼĻȥ״Լ
⵹һвͨϾĶӡ
˵ʲôΪʲôҪôǧټƵƵ£ΪʲôҪƻµأһĪķʵ
ᪿǰƻֻթнƻֱǻеȻ
ŭ㲻ϣҳĿľʲôʱһŹ㣡
£Ϊʲô¶ôأƻ΢üͷһʹģôȻǲˣĻ
ʹ˵ƻʲôԵĵطֻҪңһģԲõ²ҪΪƻ˺𣿡
ĿôһʵģҸ㣬һεԲϵڶΣ֪֪еʱֱŻ
ĻûƻɫǴżֵЦȻһһ̫ӣƻʲô
ͻȻһ޺޵Ŀһƻٵ˳ȥ
ƻҲվץץϵ·СĵƽŽգգ۾Ŵ˳ȥ
ղߵĻȻһȻºʺ͸߹̫ӵΪֶôĻʱţֻ˵˿ƻһ᪹Ҳ͸ˣû뵽ȻĶԻ
 

ٰʮ 

ǰƻֻɫҰףϵ·ҲĺۼȻʮ򶨣ǻܿ⣬ղĶԻȻղž顣
תͷ᪣еʧ
᪱񿴵Щż̴鲻㲻ҪŮƭˣһжƶģ
һɫְ˼ֵ᪣ŭ죡
ʣһҪŶִ˵
ʵ᪣ƻ̫᪣û᪣תͷƻ˵ôƻˣ̫ͿھͱȥȥϢɡ
ƻҲû˵ʲôֻ΢΢ǷһĪģֻصС
һȫƻӣҪ˵ʲôȴһۡ
ѹȵ㻹ֵ˾֪ǲǣʲôȸ޻ȥ˵
ű죬סԼŭͷصĴʡ
лʺѾڵȺ򣬿߽ӭȥ֮󣬲źɸֵĿ᪣ʶôԽԽˣƻˣҪ鷳
ĸ󣡡ЩˣŭĻĶӣΪʲôĸͲŶǸŮ˹ĸ㲻ҪԻˡ
ʺüҲŭ˵ƻ㣬ʲôԵЩܲǿŻװԼ̬ٳģ
ĸôô˵Ķӣ᪱еʹ߳ŭغ
ʺҲ֪Լ˵ˣǿյģľԼһֱɶµĶӱЩİ
һֱδںȵ̫ӣôĸ˵ģ
ᪿһۣѹŭתԻʺ˵ǶĸҪ֡
ʺһ࣬ٳˡ
һۣüͷҲ΢壬ûʺƺЩ̫ϲƻˣ˵ƻһöӣֵһ󶯸ɸꡣ
ô£ת᪣ʵ
Žƻôװ赹ǰ澡ʧûһϵġ
֮ɫҲ΢΢һ£
ϣ㲻ֻһ֮ʣ檲Ҳ߹յΡο檾ֳο̫ҽҲ˵ѣƻȷʵʮֵΣǱ̫Ӵ̼֮Ż赹ġʺ˵
תͷһۣʣԼĶֲ˴֣Ϊ𣿡
ʺһϣһ᪣ȻԸ̫ˣȴҲִŽҪɱƻתͷֿϻ㲻Ҳ𣿡
ôǵĺӣһġ޾Բţû˹̼ôƵ飡һᶨ˵
ʵĳ˵ˣȻӵƫ̻᪣˾ƲֻҪûйΪƻҲԲֳӡ
ʺ΢΢üͷβӣٿ᪾ܲԼӣֻӾһʱֻ֮΢֪ɺһӾǺûǻ
ɫı仯ȻģѾĶԲߡ
֪ôĿģʵ
ҡҡͷǲ֪Ŀģö㷲
ʵԼôģ
ʲôĿģ޷ǶΪռң²ܿҪͶţȵҶ֮󣬾͸ռҡЩҪˣǾԲȢģ
˵һ䣬᪵дżֵľȻѾ¶˾ˡ
ȴ̱ɫУʲôĿģ㶼ҪȢƻ
Ϊʲô̲ʵռҵٳѾˣճҲһֱӹ԰ʲҲһֱҪѹռȢƻռҵ͸Ӱȹ𣿡
Ҳ˵֪Ϊʲôճƻĸ͵춼Ϊ𣿡
֪᪲Ϊʲô˵ҡҡͷ
Ϊƻ֮ʱһǴ󸻴ֻ࣬󸻴һͻռҵˡճԴŲɣŰĸŮߣ𡣡˵
ѾЩ׹˵ЩһЩ޻֮ԣôΪִöȢƻѵȢռҾԼɣ
𼱣˵ꡣ˵ʦıҲ֪ģȴƻ򣬾óۣͬ˵ƻԺؽĸ¡
 

پʮ ͸

龸˵ĵ֪ģҲʮ־أĻȷʵһĿŶȣҪƻΪԼĻʺһѹͷϣôܡ
ʣֶʵ̫ˣΪ˵Ҫռҳ޷ҡķհ˵
Ҳһ˿뵽뵽ƻֱ֣ʵ֮ŮֵֻĿܣĲҲȷʵܻܺõĸ᪡
˵᪣֪Ǿƻ׿ѹ㲻ֻǰΪԼ뷨˼𢡣Ҫ֪ı£ȫ㣬ؽ׳ǿʢ
ᪿЩΪʲôѹҵ˥һŮ˵ϣѵԼôûãƾͲӵǿʢ
ʺҲŵĿΪһֱٳ˵Ļ£ҲǿƻĲŻƷУû뵽ǰһȹ̵λĹߡ
ֱ߸Ҳǰķʮİ
ǲϲһĻĺˣȢŻլ˵
ʺһۣ鲻ܿڲһŮӣֵòϲһҸ⸸Ӷϡ
Ȼ᪲ϲֺαرȢ
Ļû˵꣬תͷȵ⸾˶ʲô㲻ҪΪ޲֪뷨ϲҲǸˣǰɷжӣףлǣϵĻòҪ˵һ䣡
ʺһһѾ˰أڲŲԴϻλ֮ı仯жҰѾ͵ʲôزʵû뵽ȨȻĿȫǡ
ûУû˵˵
ʺŻ㱵ĵ˵ͷһ仰˵ûдǶףǱʲôӣҲҪʲôµ飬Ĳվߡ
̾ϢһѾ֮䰹뷨е룬ֱվ˵檾ȸˡ
֪ԼղŻ˵еأ̵ʱȷʵˣȥϢɣ޻һš
ʺ󵭵Ӧһûб飬ûٿˡ
Żʺ뿪ֿ֮˵᪣ҪŸǾԲẦģֻҪȢƻȻ԰Լ뷨ھһ̡
ɸʡ᪻˵ʲôֱˡ
ʱˣҲЩȥϢɡ˵ܹܿȥ÷ϣ̫˭Ҳκε㡣
ᪿѾмֲͣԸ̸Ҳֻõ˵ͷ֮˳˴ʡ
վ⣬ƻķô˵ﻹǼᶨ˲Ȣƻ뷨ʵܲƻһѹԼͷϣֻҪһ޼ɵӣѾʮֵıꡣ
Ȼ˵ͨȥƻú̸һ̸ȷĸԼȢռ˻顣
Ǵ˺ļ죬ƻѾ˱ţᪿ֣һֱûҵᡣ
ƻȴΪʵӵʮֵ񣬵ȴҲûа취ܾϾԼһ˵ġ
ʹҪӣƻȴƤºͰӴ
ƽʱһЩ鱨ȻҲٲż
ȻǰѾ̫࣬컹ǻһ̵ţŵҲ󲿷Ҫڽ飬֮ûһճ
ƻҲʧлعϰת䣬Ȼûа취̹ȻԼԶѾĳΪӰ顣
һţױд˵ԼѾȫûˣ˵һҲᵽճ֪ڰиʲôЭһ룬ΪʲôҪ˵ɽУҪʲô
̣Ҳ굱׳Լһж߻ˣʱ򣬾Բܳ⡣
ƻʮһ㣬ȻҲճ춯ʮ⣬ϾûȥֳǺ˽⣬һʱҲûʲôͷ
ƻЩյӣ㿪ʵӣʲô𣿡
ʱһֱƻ̬𲽵ƽȣҲˣʱҩֻҪȥƻһ߳뷨ǷͷҲʱˡ
ȷʵЩ⡣ƻͷָĵӣ˵ճͻȻ˺ܶȥɽУȻڸǴټͼǿûô򵥡һʱҲ벻ʲôĿġ
 

پʮһ 

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˵꣬ƻҲЩȻĵͷ˵ûϣҸ𰸣ֻҪһܰˣ
˵꣬һֽһ߿ʼ
飬ʵؼĵطɭϡᵽճ˽УڸǾ
ʱڸټһǵνϸߣҶֵɭ֣ɭһصԭʼ̶Ⱥܸߣ˼
ɭҲ̺ž޴ԴҪľľġսľĻģҪȡģ˵ҪʲôսϵģпǴ͵Ͷʯ
ƻЩд꣬ԥһ»дľģҲ̺úʮֵձ顣
ԥˣִ֪һְԴǾʯ͡
ϸ˴ǲд֪һù㷺һֶһֺɫ֬ʯ֬ˮ඼ȼ֮֮ࡣ
˶٣뵽õĶһЩرʯ͡
д֬ˮɰγɺɫ֬ˮ֮󣬻ڣƮ֮ϣȼʮΣա
ͣʣ壬ˡҲΪѣȥ̽Ҫʹ
ֵвȷûʯͣҲճӦûд󵨵ʯսȴҲûоԵĿܣΪԼ©ʲô޴ĺ
Լ˼·֮󣬱㽫дõţ˴˿ȷû©ģŽŷУݸ˽
͵С
¹شҲûжʲôӦ֮뿪ˡ
ǧƻҲﲻֻ࣬ϣ߾費Ҫճƻĺɻˡ
յţѾһ֮ˣһţ֣Щ
ƻѾܾûиعţοƪš
ϸȥȻЩʧһЩ£ǿ֮ȴò
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ҡҡͷеţ˵ԭֻһճ飬ȷʵƻǱߵõʲôͷƻȷʵṩ˺ܶ˼·
ôأЩɻʵ
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ǰ˫ĿһֱճشĶ򣬵ôĶЩĿģ
ŭճʵ̫ƻˣ
СģָеŽеţ
翴һеţֵݸ裬ʵЩ鶼ˣţ
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Сĵİպã˵һҪ˽в̽ˡ
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üͷҪȥѶȾ͸ˡ
ͷ漴˳˼֮󣬲һ˵δһҪ˽ȥ̽
ʲô뷨׷ʵ
蹴˹дżа˸ҰеɽڸҿˣʲôǼȻҪãһ˳ֻҪҪ˳ʲôһⲻӭжˣ
̻ȻЦȻӴ˵ճǺһƻǺٽƻôֽܱƻ
˵˭ƻ۾΢΢һС
ʶԼΣȻĻ˵ˣѿЦûû˵ʲôȻɫȥ֣ȸˣ
˵ûӰˡ
迴Ķӵӣд˼ֵЦ⡣ԼеţЦ뵽ԼǽƻˣһѲĺƻ˰ɣϾѾɾˣԼ¸Ķ֡
뵽ЦΣƻ뷨ױȵϣʮֵĿ
 

پʮ Ȣ

ͬʱƻҲӽ֪һֱһҪӽֻΪɵϵ˲ųٳûж
ƻЦһʲôǲǾҸĽѵ̫ˡ
᪻ġϡ֮£ԼѾȫܰˣϾǸȻѾ֮ǡ
ϾһˣϲĺڣȴΪһĪѸһС
ǲô˵ѾﵽĿˣҲѾ˷Լʱ䡣
¹۲һӣӵҪ˺ӣʲô˵ӡ˵
ƻ΢΢üôģ
˵Ҫʲô˺ӵ飬һҪԼӴӣֱɱͺˡÿοӣԼҪоʲôҪ˵
Ļƻ˵ͷȷʵлҪ˵Ҳ⣬Ҫ˵ʲôҲЩʲôʲôɡ
ǣ֪ˡͷ
תֹȥˣΪ½İȻҩƻ˿ڻѾϵĲˣֻǲչ˫ۣƽʱȲ迴Ѿȫûˡ
δҲѾӽβ˶նĴҲö
ʺƻõĺܿ죬֮ҲţûҲһ䡣
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˵ɣȻѾڰȻҲͲЩûбҪڡ
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ƻ΢΢ü֪ԼԲЩʲôǺġ
ȻҲ¶»ӣûʵԼҸ׺ͻ϶ģ̫Ӿǲͬ⣬ʲô취
ӣŭô޳ܣȻͲҷΪʲôһҪ޸ңΪƻѵܰж֮𣿡
ƻȴԸ˵Щֻ̫ӼȻңػϸͲͬڻ飬Ǿ̫Щ˵Щûã֪ǽ̫ôܻڻأ
⻰Ȼŭɶ˵ѵô֪ҶѾ˵Ȣˣ㻹ӲҪԲõһ˿˿Ĺذģ
ƻȻǱֵ޶ԣ̫ӵĻ˵ˣҾȻȥˡ
㣡˵Ҫƻֱۡ
ƻȴԼʱȻתͷ̫ĪҼϻˣ
 

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˵ţĨûлʱĸ׵ĶôԴ֮ո췭ظˣǸǣ
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ȻҲܣִԺһУ˵ףڵݸ䲻ϵ¡ռҵŮأ
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ǵҲ֪жôĽƻ̶˶٣˵Ҫ̸ףҪӦϲſԣռ¼ƻĸŮˣҲֻܰ£ֻҪһ˿ϥֻһӣұضռҵĵŮǼ޸Ҳаڵµݲ𣿡
 

پʮ ̸

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ģ᪻мֻɡ
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Բں̵ΪϷҲԵҵ
ڻµƻϽ˵С㣬е֣ϻˣֺαԼȥأ
ƻٵ˵Уǻûн֣ûϤߵȥһӿ˵ٶȡϾԽãԽΣա
 

پʮ ʧ

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˵СһȥҲʧˡ
ƻŲһ٣ĲƺЩԾ̺ԸôȥУһʧˡ
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һʣŽ˵Ǳߣ
ﲢûʵʲôѪǿǷʲôҲûжʣ̲ϡ
 

پʮ 

˿񱼹ȥֻһֻƶǵںӱ߰ӶˮУѪѾһƬˮȾ˺ɫ
ƻϽһʬԵҰץۺҧۣԾǱҰϮˣ⸽Ұޣֻܾܿϻˡ
С㡭ЩɵĽһѾҲп׶༪ˡ
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ȴһԺһĸ󣬸ѾѴ󲿷ֵɳȥˣˣôӪص˶ûˡ
Χǻо𣿡ʺ˵ʱһ˹𣿡
û˵˵ΧˣǱΧģҪҲ㣬˻Գô죬ⲻǸ׳ӣ
ʺһۣ΢΢üֻתͷ˵£ûʲô취ƻô죿
˵ĺеɳȥ֣Ѿɳȥˣ˵ʮִǻڵһȰɣ˵
ҲЦһǰĸҪȥҵģ鶼Ѿˣھֻܵȴӹˡ
ʧٵĵصƵģΪľƻҵϻķΧȥȻȥԶԶҲѾƻ϶ֽţ±߷һҵϻ㣬ֻҪϻΧһֱ߶һϻע⡣
Ǻ𣿵ʱ򣬾Ϳܴܲӻѣ
ʺ˵ʧȴûһİ취ֻаƻܹƽ
ʱƻںͽѪǰ׷Ѱ
յϵĳѪصĵطƻѾ˵ĵطжԶϾֻһе֣ȴҪӺܶࡣ
˵ʱһ˾ضǻŲ·Ŀ񱼣Ѫ϶ô࣬ҡ
;ȷûΣ֮٣ɻûĿĵתµʱȻǾٲάġ
ƻľͲ׼ȷԼҲ뵽һ㣬ڷѪΧһطʮҵʱýͣ
˵ĵطѾܽˣҲѾӽδ֪Σա
СôˣѹֵĵطѹԼ
ƻŹȥ
ΪʲôʲôΣգҪӳ͸ˣʮֵĲ⡣
ƻ͵ѾɭֵˣȻľ֮϶ˣ·ҲˣȥӲ
 

پʮ ҵ

ܵĻȷʵľӵıֱߴǵ£Сľûа취Ҳûʲôľӡ
ǵϴ׳Ŀ֦ȴԱˣοݺḴӵֲĵǣпܻĲ˫߽ȥˡ
أһʵ
ƻ˸ϵëƥԣһнӵϰԣƥӦûûиţһƥҲܳȥ
ŵ˵ͷƻָ߹ȥ
ԽѾȫû·ˣֻȫѪǰߡ
Ѫһ㿪ĵطʧˣΧ񱼵ʱɽѪȴû̫ߴ򶷹ĺۼ
ƻͽһۣ˴˵񶼳ɻ
һʼɵأѾʮˣƻû˿Ǳˣ
ƥѵΪ
ƻĹ۲ܣÿѿ֮УһӣҪѡ
˵˫Ѿӣֻߵϣ֧֦˹ȥ
ӿӵʱƻѾ˹ȥʱó嵽ߣһѳסĸ첲ֱӽԭأ֦ҲֱովĵϣһɼУǻֱӱ
￴ŵϵ֦Ӷ͸ˣϽƻ˵лСȡ
ƻļ򣬵Сһ㡣
ϽͷСĵļƻȴŵϵ֦Щ
ѵֶ̾ԸִĻأͲ˵
ֻ£ǳҲʱ̵עΧĶ䶯˶Ϭ˲һ֦ڵһ
ﴵڣָָǴһƣʾл
ͷһƶ΢΢ӣĳǴƶ
֮ƻʾͣסֱӳȥֱӻӶذףնϣƬ֦ˡ
֣̾һ
ƻҲͷȥݵģɲ
ֿҰ׵ҲǾϲС㣬
˸ϽûԵˣֻ·ƺЩġ
֣ˣƻϽʵ
Цҡҡͷ˵ֻһţʹˣҲܾû߹·֦ˡ
ƻϽһߵĿϣʵأôûкһ𣿸ղŵ壬ƥô£
ЩӣūҲ֪ôӺ˵𡣡΢üͷҲмã
ƻǸովΣ飬һʱЩң˵־ʹô˵ɣ˵Ҹ㿴ס
ôʹãūôСҿˡָϽȥҪƻ
һס֣ǷǳʱڣͿ˵һ˵⵽ô°ɣ
ֿһֿۣһнƻ˵ͷ˵ǾСˡ
ƻ΢΢ЦЦֿ콲ɡ˵ţҲӣʼס
ʵūôģūҲǺֻǵ֮ǰСһûȥ׽ӣȥûܳԵҰ˵ǳˣΪϾô˵ŴСҲ뻻ζˣҲŸġҸողûòˣͺһۣûʶѹʱ򣬱ſһƥϵ
ֿʼʱ顣
˴ˣüͷһƻ
ôˣҲ֪̣ƻɫû뵽˼ѾĴҪ֣
أƻʵƥô˵أ
ֱ˵ƥʵˣھΪſ棬Ѫû͸ҵ·
ƻݺҧҧǹҪѪҰޣαҰϮӣֶγֲκ˵Ļɣ
ֻ̼ȻҲڻ֪ԸԼ
ϵ·ϲûѪ
иҲ˼Ц⣬˵ҪҰˣһỮ·ٴŻȥһû뵽ˡմѪ·»Ұޣˡ
ƻѾˣҲ˵Ұޣˡ
ֵͷɶҲãû߼·ͰѽŸˣû취߶ֻŪһ嵲һҡû뵽İСˣ
ƻ֪Ȼ˵ǵңӦھԼ׼ˣȻԼҵʱҲһҰ׵ģ
ȥˣһִȥģ
һԵĽҲս֣ܿˡ
Ľ֣صĵͷȻЦŵ۽Ѿмʪ⡣
 

پʮ 

ƻļ飬ֵĽ˻ǺصģѾ˹ͷȻѾ˹ǣûа취ء
Ȼ̸ңƻҲʹֱӻȥˣͽշ֣ҪȴǱһ˻
ƻһţŽ￴֣ȥ
Уһסƻ˵ҺСһȥ
ֵĽŲأΣķУ֮ǰ߳ȥûƥѣһùȥ쿴
±֣ȥΣҾԲչȥģƻһѻӿ֣˵Ǵٵƶȥ
һߣʧôʱ̾Ȼˣ
ԼѾߣȻϵ·մۣЩǱŮӾȻȻлˡ
һϢӿ˳ȥͻʺҲ̴˳ȥ
ôӭ˳ȻѾأЦ⣬Ϊô˵żֵ⡣
ǿ첽߹Ļʺһ仰Ͱʵ
ƻأƻȥˣôһ˻ˣ
̵ɫȴŬԼɫûôѿһ𾪣ûп㰡ȥ𣿣
üͷЩŭʵô£Ϊʲôʧˣ
ƻٵĿһ᪣˵쳼ŮŻѾߵ;Ұñץֻʺƣ˭֪ȥöҺѾ߱ȥңһ߱·ƥƺϵ·ȻתãǻǰǸˡ
Ȼ֫ڣΪʲôúôӪȥʲô䣬ƻ⣬ܸ𣿣ŭ
̸Ͻ򵹣ǣǳŮĴŮҲû뵽Ȼ飬û뵽ȥңǽĳʲô飬ŮѴ̣
Ȼ˵Թˮˣ㲻ģҲǾһģû˿İο˵ǾȻƻһˣ
һѾ˵û˷ִ磬һôûУ
⻰̵ӿ˰ߣϾҪ޸᪵ģԺĹĺŲεӣľ᪵Ľ׳ɹˣҲǻЩ
ʺȻҲʮֵߣ⻰ҲòζҲΪƻôŻżɣ
ϢŭռҴСûҵˣˡ˵ı£һƽµģһ˵
пһھֻƻԼˣ
ʺӵĽĴ֣£ЩȥҰɣⶼѾˣûãɾҪˣ
ʣ˵磬ҴȥҰɣ
̧ͷɲĿΪʲô˵ҪȥƻѵǺˣ᲻ƻ
ȻǺˣ˵ֻΪӣϾƻδޣȻҪѱ湦㡣οȻ˵϶ǾԲȥģ
Ȼ˵УôȥȥԵ̫ӻˣ˵ɵ˶ѾɳȥˣӪѾû˿ˣԼһ˲ȥ𣿣
Ҳ᪵ĿģֱӾ˽ȥĿܡ
Ҳû뵽ıȺе١˾ȴվ˳˵£ԸȥѰ*Ӧʡ
ɫҲЩÿϾô˵ƻ᪵δޣбȥȵĵ
Ѿû׿˵ģӧǰȥѰңûԼɲȥδԵ̫հˡ
᪵ɫҲ١˾ڣУξû뵽ȻԼˣ
Σķ١ˣʵ
١˾˵ػϣˡ⼸ȥдԶźƬҲмϤԼҲЩȭţֻǽȥˣҵģӦʣ
£ӦˣȥɣʺҲһ˵
Ȼô˵Ҳûɣ˵޾ȥһҪעⰲȫǧҪûټ
١˾ӦһǣȻ֣Ȼ˽ӡ
ᪿǵıӰֻϣǲʲô
ڵϵ̣ҲЩûֱɱˣô˽ȥңҵ˻ûô죿ʱָεĽͣ
 

پʮ Ԥ

Զǧ裬æڲҪ緹հѿӵݵˣͻȻĿһۣеĿֱֵ˵ϡ
翴һסؿڣ̳һϽʵӣôˣ
ֻһĻţŵֶڲЩĻš
緹ûгԣһǶĻˣϽԵ㶫ɣָһ˫ӣһ߶߶˵ҲҪúעԼ尡СҲǱСأҪ岻ãǸˣ
ƽʱ˵ֻһԲ˶ߣȴȥĻĻŵֻԼֽŶЩأ磬ԣһƻˣ
⻰ڣ۾˲죬͵վɲֻƻҲŻԼҲҪһ㣬һˣ
翴ӣҲһϽ˵ˣϵ鱨˵СԳһжأôһؾͳأ
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ֱ˵ˣϽ˵ӣ侲һ㣬СʵҲ֪ģôܻĳأǾյϢˣڵһȣһܵȵСƽµϢ
ЩôýȥԵĸоĻŵѾʧȥ˶ҪĶָоǰƻʱ򣬱ĸо
з·صһֱʣ˫ֱ壬˿˻ûа취
ӣҪʲô
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һĻֻħˣûи辭һʱǲ˭ѵΣһˣƻ
벻ףòĻ˵ˣû
ƭңһ£Ҳдұ嶼Ѿˣƭ˶ƣ
ӵɻյϸû
θӵˣ֢лعǾ޴ʹݲֿʶҪûʱͻȻһۣһ˻ԡ
־ʱֱһֵˡʮľţ˭뵽һȫû֤ԤУȫʧȥǣȻѾڷħıԵôΪһ˱ʵ̫ˡ
ϵϣ߬еĽȻһڽĻӣҲΪ˳ڶ
ʱɻΪʲôҪ˶һȫûôķӡɽղģʱĺëһļƤ
һ룬ѵԤԺһϻôƻϹϵôĶ£ЩʵҪġ
ؼǣղƻĳѵ𣿣
ڵƻȷʵıԵǻֻҪһע⣬ɥȪ
뿪ֺͽ֮ٶȷӵ˷ĵط
ʱҲǰĳͷƤ顣ڿ֦ϣǰһֻ׳ͻһƥסһƥѾȫûϢ
ĳҲʮֵľᣬƥʵԣҸԼʮԵ֮ǰʹȥھƻľҲײϻʳ
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ƻǰǿ׳뺷ž޴ݵͻıܷӦȾܡֻһֻϻܿǿǾҪֻֻʣˡ
ķӣſ˫־ٹͷڳ׶ı飬ԼԵøӾ޴Ҳʮֵ͡
ϻȻѾ˴еİӸû˿ľ£ԾԾԵĵŵأʱҪ
ƻнп಻ھҪ͵ҲˣֻϻҪһսѶҲ̫ˣ
һϻһѰػսĵص㣬Ŀ궨ϣйռһƸߵ㣬һսĻᡣ
⣬㿪ʼߵƶƶϻ̳˹
 

İ ܵ

ƻͷҲһأֻƴһܹȥδֱһһѱסɡ
ٶȺܿ죬ϻٶҲѶãӶͬʱֱһҲ˹ȥͳĽҧȥ
סɵƻѾܸܵûȳ絽СϣӲŤһ°̧һҪϡ
ֳԽ弫޵Ťſϻݣһϻ͵شֱҧסƻĳͷ
ƻͷľʹҧҧĵһһֱһѸٵĳذףֱӰͷնϡ
ϻ׹ȥķ˿Ҳ䵽ϣ̲סͷֱ磬ƻѾʱѾֱӴܵ˸ߴվϿϻ
̲סקͷƤķǳۣһķ뵽ǽܻģͷϻ˲ٵ
ǰľ󲢲̫࣬i񼲽ˣǲԶƥΣ֮С
̧ȥÿϻһצĺϣ̧һߣϻòſ㿪ˣǻһƤצӡ
̸˻һһִܳһξ룬ҪӴܣԭ׷ƻϻͻȻת˹ȥҪܵĲ
ƻӣ±ϵĹһֱ֧ӳҪ˵ϻȥ
ϢЩȣټϼϻˣһû䵽ϻ䵽ϻĽ£ǻǳɹͣסϻǰ˵ͷ
ϻҲЩŭˣ˻һצӺݺݵץŵأһƴģ
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к޼ˣͷһֻۣϻϴܣȻĿżצӣѾЩ롣
ƻһʣȻ˵ϻģϻ󷢺
ƻ۶һ֦һͷ⣬Ѿˣ֦ҡεĻûаѷҾ̫ԶļҲһʹ͸Դ
еֻ֦ϻָ߶ȣ֦
ȻѾܵвϻȴ׷ֵʳϵѪڴ̼
µϻҲųԣҪץסϵƻ
ΪʱвƻҲûٹµϻǼü׼ԶֻϻѾǵϻвŵһ½Ƕȡ
һϻļȻʲôؼĲλ˵ķȷġ
Ȼƻһʮ㣬ɵ˿ڼϻ̲ҽһתͷԼ˵ļ򣬵ȴ˲ñŭһϵƻҲ˹
ƻңԼҲܵĻᣬֲҪЩϻһݣֻҪߣҲҵֱӳȥ
ҧҧסϵʹٵϻûг嵽µʱһֱ֧һ࿿ӵļ
ҧҧЩϧΪһ㣬ϻĲˡ
һԭһֻǰžòϻֻǰŶòֱ˵˵ϣһȴð׹⣬ŻҪվ
ƻôٸվĻᣬѸٴֻƿһźâļͷֱϻĲС
ԭҪԴģǿϻǿ˶ԴҪ䴩ЩѶȣȻҪһĵط
ϻû˸ղŵ׺ݣͷֱӵ˵ϣҲˣֻڵϰĽš
ԭµϻҲƻߵԼͬǰΧת
ŵһϢȴûȫȥϻƻҪֱӽʹ׺ϻҲܵء
йʱͻȻñһһеĹתһֱӳ˹ȥ
ʵ֤ԤȷģΪתͷͿֻϮƱȻվһ֦ϣض
ƻ˰أ˵ѾˣԶԶ֪ƱΪʲôʱԡѪζֻֻϻĺǲôΨһĺ·ˡ
ֻдϲܸµϻҪϣƱĵϴƱֺѣ
Ʊ׺ݵƻҧҧֻϺƱһˣƱϻлΣա
Ѹٰѹֱϣ֮ǰ֦ذ׶˳ҲƱ
 

İһ 

ƻΣ֮ʱȷԼûΣյƥѾˡ
ƻҲȫûע⵽еעƱϡ
Ʊ֦ϣɵŲӣһϴǰ㣬ƻϣѰϵ
ƻȻûôֻ֦ܲһص̬
˵Ľֲûг̫ʱ䣬Ʊƺж㣬ֱ
еʱҰ޵ı˺£Ʊҵ˹ĽǶʮֵĵ꣬ƻذ׵һࡣ
֦ҪѾֻܿٵĲ࿪ӣƶȥ
ãƱһ̽ĳɷָֻ࣬ɵ˵ովõطûҪݵ˼
ƻȴҷɣһһ֮ľ˲˺ܶ࣬ʶظǰ취Ӧ취Ľǡ
ţ㳶Ʊûȫȶֱ֦Ӵ̹ȥ
һȻûеóѣҲƱ˲٣в
ƻذ²Сȣ˫ֳ֦ǹһԼǰɹأࡣ
ƱȻ׷һƻе֦°ƻϣд׺ݺ͵̰
ƻôǴ͵ʵ̫ѵãϾ¹ҲҪƻܵÿ졣
ƻûʱЩս֦ʱ̹עƱĶ
ܿƱͷ˵ڶֵĹһοɲǵ̽ˣǴɱ⣬ٴ˹
ƻ˫ֱӽе֦˳ȥеƱ
Ʊεȵ̹һŤӣֱһ֦ϣűϵëըƻ˻˻ĵͺţȻǱղһˡ
ƻǼֱһɱ֮еɱͷƤ飬ƻͷ̵ĻҲѾըëˡ
ƱѾ׼ŭˣҲؼû·ƻȻõǸ첲϶צӸץˡ
һƻҲŭˣ챻ѾѻˣϻǱӵģ浱ǰٶʲôܵǲǣҪǰƼˣ͸ɴһսúøһ̡
ͷһĶѾˣٹעأһεĳƱ̹ȥ
ȻȷʵƱҲòȥϵ˺۾͸ˡ
ʹѾһոУڻУ壬Ҳ񾭣ǡ
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ҲЩƱƻҧҧ׷˷أֱŪ
Ҫһ̰Ʊһ˿
ƻֱӷ˫ֳ֦Ӱд˹ȥ
ƱȻû뵽ŵֱӴԾȥ֮ǰƻҲͷŹˣҲˣӿʼЩˣֱҲųȥ
ôߵĵطƱЩˣ㿪֦ƻһǧ׹֦嵽˵ϣȻڿлһߣ˫ȵ䵽˵ϡ
˫пٵƱ߹ȥγ֦ҪȥɱƱ
Ʊһ鲻ãЩȳ˵ĺҪܡ
ƻôܷŹǻûе׷ȥһֱͬʬߵϻͻȻѣȻֱӴߴ˹ȥһצֱӰϴܵƱ
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ϻҲûй׷˺ҧǸƱܶ˵ҪȽƻӵĿɺޡ
ȵϻѾװֻƱҧˣƻҲѾԾϣվһȫλãŵϵϻˡ
ϻƱᣬûгתصƥǾһҲЩˣֱͷ
ƻϻʳһȤûУҪ뿪ʱͻȻдĽŲƶһҹˡ
̴һҪ
ϻȻҲŲˣѾվŴŲķһĽ䱸
ЩƻĸߺֹûͣסŲӿٶȳ߿˹
ſЩĽŲƻŷǵڶ࣬Ҳѹ˿ηľ棬߿ˡ
һ۵ϵϻЩͬˣЩҪɱӦҲ̫鷳Ͼôϻû
ȴЩײĵģϻҪ࣬ĽŲڶ࣬ĶǨ¹ȺţȺ࣬ûһϻȺԷâ
 

İ 

ϻдĽŲǹƲߵȻмֵҲֻˣǲûҪ뿪˼
١˾ڴ˸ϵʱ򣬾ͿһֻϻһƥǰɷϻĿǡ
Զһֻϻʬ壬Ǳģһµľǽű߾һֻ˺ĶͷſӦһֻӡ
ѰƻӰǰ춼ûҵ뵽֮ǰеһɼӦûµġ
ʱƻվţŬĹҪӱϻһǾɸղŵһиʹлˣֱ۾ǹǦһЩ̧ˡ
ѾˣҪɱֻϻǲˣվ˴һڡ
һڣ١˾̧ͷǾϲͳݣһСû̫ˡ
ƻ˰֣ʾϽϻˡ
١˾ĵͷһִ̧󣡡
ƻ±ӣֲǴʲô
ʱ١˾ĻվţĳìڳһͶơ
ƻһƣüëһһ١˾ڣ⵹Щ˼ˣ
ţ١˾һ£Ļ̰ĳìͶ˳ȥ
ϻƾˣϽˣ˼ȱìˣѪӿ˳
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ˣƻŴ
١˾һС˹гݣģСû°ɣ
û£ƻûǰչʾϰߣʹʱᵹ£ǻܳ¶Цݡ
١˾ڿϻЦ⣬̷ɵһ֣̾С̫ˣһҪϻôȻʹϻҲĶ֣
ƻƳһۣЩǻȥ֮˵ɣ
ԣԣʱˣǻǸϽȳȥɣ١˾ڵͷȻ˺Сǣ
ƻȵĿİѸղܵǣ˳
ƻȵӣ͵ǾǸղƥǹˡոҪϻ˵˰ǣסˡ
ƻӹվ߳ĬԵֻðٸнֻǲò붯֮ҲԵݵģⲻȴҳϡ
ḧĲӣδ˵ʲôֻĲϣԼжôл
УתͷһۣƽȻͷʼвˡ
ƻЦЦƵ󣬿ϻѪ˿ڣͳҩٸϺãŶ١˾˵ɼ˸Ǳ߻ˣǾͳȥ
١˾̽˼ˣǣȥֵĽ
˿ƻһ˵߹ϽӦȥеѯ
ƻֻǼ˵䣬Ȼ˵ȳȥɡ
Ҳû׷ʲôֺ֮֮ǰ˻غϡ
ϻʬѾڴˣԲҪƤëȴʮֵѵãѾĲˡ
١˾ʵǾ߱ӵʬôã
ƻһۣȻܵõһƤӣƱƤʵںܺÿҸӵѵã㻹˸һߡ
Щ˶о飬ûе̫ʱ䣬ƤӱѾˣ˾ͺƺƵߡ
ƻЩŲסˣҡεҲ˲ǲǰſϣϢ
̲æʵС㻹𣿡
ƻۿһۣû£ֻЩˣϢϢ
Ұ׵ɫ֪һֻ۵ô򵥣żҲûãϢҲûж˵ʲôĿˡ
ȥ·ʱ·Ҫƽ˳Ҫ̺ܶ࣬ƻоԼûб۶೤ʱ䣬ѾӪء
ֱӣٴǿ߽Ӫء
ƺƵȺ˵ע⣬i֪˭һɤӣСˣ
е˶ӿ˳ʺȻҲ⡣
ƻѾϰ߱ΧˣɫݵĴߵͻʺǰ
һģǻʺȴʮֵľϲϽȥ֣ͺãͺã
ƻ΢΢һЦЦݴżУǿԵ̵᪺ʱЦʧˡ
Ŀһֱ׷١˾ڣԼȻ˸ѾȫˣһĶͷҪǰڵʱ򣬲Ȼƻһ㾪ȶûС
ҲںԺ໥Ļгģ뼸λֵܽҲиңһ˲׾ԼʲôĿһ̣
 

İ 

ƻЦЦĿ̣˿˿⣬û¾ͺá
ôţ̵۵˼ңòײų˼Цݣǿ汻˴Ⱥм޳֣Ц˲ͽϣߵĻ˵ˡ
ƻɫź⿴ΪŪһ˻ѵûл˵𣿡
ǰСǾһģôСһлûУ١˾һЦ˵
ǿЦĻȴ˵ĲĿȷʵƻһǱɼһΣգ֮ҲȸԼ˺ڣôõһллûС
΢΢ҧѹеĻңϽ˵ö࡭
˵һ룬ƻȴһ֣ЦȷʵֻһС£ȥֲΪһлû¾ͺˡ
ǡһ⻰˵һС£ûбҪ˵ллԵӲ£ˣϽҪҲ
ƻôܸᣬѾתͷЦ˵£Ůεһջ񣬴׸ϡ
Ȥʵʲô
ȺѾĻƤѾˣƻתͷ١˾˵̧ѡ
١˾̵ͷ󺰣̧
ãĿĴ󺺣̧ȳĻƤ˹
һҲ۾ֱӴλվƻ⣬Եģ
ôܣҲվһĲţԭƻܻŻ͹ˣû뵽ϻܻնɱϻôܽܵˡ
ԭƻͶԽҪЩʣһԼôദôȫļƻڶǷĵطѾ뿪ϻĻΧûѪ֮ģô׷ٹȥġ
ʱ쳣ľٶע⡣ӵǲɱϻǲܴϻأ
ƻܺõĿԼı飬ֻ˵ͷȻ˵㲨ۣϻǱŮˣ
ƴЦãģȻ˵һڼʿȻһ֮СŮӣСС;Իƻʻĵһʿ
Ⱥ̾ȴЩǿŵž޴ĻƤһҲ˵ˡ
ˣƻòڳʿҲһܰϻվ¡ƻ΢΢ȭ˵£ֻϻǳŮģǳ׸¡
ޣЩȵʵ
ƻͷڱµ²ķ˳̩񰲣ҲǱµ壬׵ıŮɱ
λ˵ĿνʮֵϣЦðã޾Ͳˣ
ƻ̸ߺһꡣ
Ҳһߺ١˾ڰпһһƻиͶأȻƨôŷġ
ʵƻôԭ򲻹ΪģΪɵڻԣ
Ŷݵˣ޵԰·һִµӡ
һΰεͷɾƻˣȥ޵ذ͸ƻдЦ˵
̴ӺܿʹӺ߳ߵƻǰҲһЦ⣬ϲմСˣ
ƻͷӹذףȻл
վһԵ᪣ĸۣԭʹԼķͷɵãͷѾܼˣԼһֱϲ˺ܾõذףѾΪ֮ˡ
Ҳ޿κΣϻƤģһ֤ģ˽Ľ˵ʲô
һվڶ̣⣬ôֱֿܱǱƻˣ
̿ŭĿ⣬Ҳʮֵί˭뵽ƻôȻϻĶ֣
֮۲ȻƻȻ˵̣һֱƲôܸ
ֻ˵һվһ𣬵ȻֻгԼһ顣
ƻЦһ˵£ŮԵһֻϻõһֻƱƤëΪϻ˺ҧЩ´Σ̫ӵ²ĻŮƤë׸̫ӵ¡
ŶʮֵĸȤ޵ûмʲôƱ޿һ
˽ƱëƤ˵һ̾ΪƱϰԣԵŹƶ㻨ƵƤëǼ˼׷ױÿëɫˡ
 

İ ɫ

Ǹ˵ľ޲ͬᪿһëƤֻøƤʮֵ˲θз˳
ƻɫ԰׵ӣһ⣬˵Ʊ֮ǰϮŮһֻӦҪڲðڰ첶ʳŮֻϻл֮ʱȻܳҪ͵ϮȴЩŮɱϻ죬ȽҪˡ
⻰ֵһǹǿŻƤѾܹëֱкȻˡ˭Ȼֻϻʵ̫ˡ
١˾˵ǳܣȻֻ˵ϻܵˡ
ƻתͷһۣ֪ǲǹ˵㺬Ϊ⻰ͺϻˣû׷һ㡣
Ȼֹô룬Ҳˣһƻûһġ
ƻ١˾΢΢ü١˾ȴǸûвһ㣬ֻǵͷȴѾֿ˻㲻ֺһƻԺǲжӴĻˡ
޶ԣƻҲΪ֮˶Ƴӣ˳ǡȻͷѾˣҲͲһˡ
ûг壬١˾еСѾ㵸ˣǽˣǰɣûɣ
ƻûԼĵĿҪ᪣˵̫ӵ£֪ϲϲ˵Żһڴı鿴᪡
˿һۣ˵ëƤжô󣬾͹ƻ⣬Щˡ
ҲһЦ⣬ƻ᪵̬Ը⿴Ч
ǻʺıȴһʹģû˱ƻʵˡ
᪵ɫʮֵѿǸƤëƻ⣬˵ۺ⣬ʲôܾĻҲ˵
ԥƻ˵ǲϲ𣿡
ƻһƬ⣬㻹¡¶ֲˣߴ˵
᪷֪ƻɫܵĹעۣǴʱ⣬Ե档ȴòԼʡ
ȻϲֻǾЩ̫ˣ˼¡Ŭһ˿Ц˵
ƻЦЦ˵¿ˣΪŮŲԼţȻҪ͸ˡ
йάĻһҲֻ᪸ܸЦ˵Ȼô˵Ǳˡ
ƻЦЦл²
ĶȻѾˣĻڳһ˵˳Ůȸˡ
ҲˣȥϢɣʺǿϵľɫϽ˵
ȻҲȥˡ
ƻʺЦЦתҪ뿪ˣûмȴͻȻתͷվһԵ̣ҰҲˣһЩʮֵһôҽͰɣ
⻰󣬵˶е˼Ѱζˣ˿̣Ѿƻδ˵ĻԲˣɫ졣
̿㿴ԼҲǺ޼ˣҪ硣
Ҫڣȴ˹ƻ֣תͷ˵С㣬С˼ǲĿ֮˵飬ҲͲҪСĺˡ
⻰ֱǽһ֤ʵ˵Ĳ룬ȻʣҲĲ˵ˣϾЩȻܽͣǻǻ˲ɡ
ͻȻֱͣģ˿ӵıˡ
ƻһ۶ÿˣȻúýѵûзʸֻܵȵȥ֮Ϸϣ
ȥ·ϣԵĸоƻ˵䵽ˣϽƻʵСû°ɣ
ƻ΢΢ҡҡͷϢЩ΢ҺۣȥɣҲ档
⻰˵ûжã˹ȥѽѹǰĽֱӳ˹ƻס˲Űܽ
˯ϱ۾ԻԹȥƻ̾ͷ˻𣬡ô£
ŭȻֻǳŽһ˵ģŵİҲ̳˳ֱӹ˽ǰ
￴ӣҲЩţȻദʱ䲻Խӡ̡
뿪֮󵽵׷ʲôֱֱŽŭʵ
£Ͻѽ췢
գ֮ǻðɣֱӳһӣֱ˹űϣûСȥˣǾͲ֪˸С㣡Сʲô£мģ
 

İ 

ﱻѵľҵŵһ۵ɨ߻ƶ
ĺϣƻѹʵ̫ˡ
ǰ⼸սսģͷ۵ĸ˸ͷز۳̶ֱλΪĥ˴Ķûгģ˭Ȼô顣
һһ۽Ȼ͹ģԱ̵̫ˣܲݶñ֪ͨѽˣѾͷһӻˮƻӦһ
￴Ǹ̾ϢģС˵ǲ񰡣
ô֪תͷ
ЦЦʵҲô龫֣û׼ӦһûĹǡ
ӵǴܣ̾˿̥˹ڵϵһһţҲҳӣҪȻ͸ҹȥ꣡
æĵͷжһⰤҲûʲôˣǷѾϰˡ
ɵվˣϽȥˮСӣŽŭ
һӦһǾܳȥˡ
̲ס̾һ˵˼ǰԼԼǰҲôçײ
ƻϴһӣֱϴСС˿ڰãȴһ
ۣңûչ˺С㣬ôˣҶû
ˣСԸҲ˽ˣ˲סˣοһ˵ȥҪ·úϾˣҲһˣϢȥɣҡ
֪Լ컹ƻҲûƴǣ뿪ˡ
ҹƻ˹ߵĽ΢΢˻Ƶĺһ
̵һˮ˹
ƻֺˣأ
ȥ˯ˡоô
û£ЩƤˣûбҰҧˣҲûʲôˡƻ˹Ұ޴ܵĶˡ
εĿһۣҲ̫Сˣ㲻ȥңϷҲġ
⵹ΣҲ£Ϸġƻɻϣֵʵô
еĺ˳ӷİɣ¾Ͳûȥġ΢΢ü˵
ƻҲҲû𣿱ߣȥӵҪתͷϵʶӲ񶼣ȻҪûӴȣֵβʱ򣬽Ҳġ
Ҫллӵˡû˵
ƻЦЦֿ˵ҿƢԽԽˣһ˯Ŷ㱻ѵ˵ѡ
һˣ
ˡƻЦ˼֣ߵҲûгʲô©Щ»Ҫ̣뻹벻㡣
˵ʲôʲôʱ˵Ҫ뿪ˣ
ƻЦЦòű֣˵˲Ϊ˱˶ģҪΪԼûгɼҾǱΪǲٳֻ£ֻϣҲҸ
Щ˵Ƣ˽ⲻôص˼Ҳ֪ġҲǺܻˣԸҪҲһֱ䷨
ƻٶҲ޴ʵԣֻǾãûҪɼҵ顣֮ǰأƻǴģĲǺףӵģΪʲôΪӶ
ƻΪţǵ˵ͷ˵»úģʱ仹˯һɡ
ƻȻΪĻú룬Цŵ˵ͷ۾ܿ˯˹ȥ
˸Ǳӣƻղ˵ֻйһ飬ȫû룬ŵһߣûзϡ
ڶ峿Ҫƻ۾ԼĺףЩͷѡ
ߵվһ䱸ĿʲôֵΪ
üƳһۣʲôأҵˮ
ѾָһϽһˮ˹ȥ
貢ûн֣ٵһסĲӡ
һ̲Ҷˣһӣôˣ
㻹ң㶼Ҵ󵨵ֵˣѵܽѵѵˣ
ǻΪ㵱ʱħ֢ǵðعȵ
һƿ˳ֶıӰߵˮȾ۵ĺԣ磬ȥ˷Ҫǲǣ
翴һʹģĺܣҲҶʲôֱ˳ȥ
 

İ չ

֮תתĲӣͷ΢΢֣й¶жôĻҡ
ȷʵǵ췴飬ڶ޷Ե飬ԼʧȥǵģҲ֪ƻʵܳʲô£ǵʱΪʲôͻȻɥʧǡ
ǰһĻ˵ȷʵûдԴ鶼½İȻ֮ѾǸˣԭѾˣǰĽ䣬ܵǲᶨʱ򣬾ͻܳݻǡ
Ѿױħ̹ܲȻԣĻشȻǷ񶨵ģֻƻˡ
˯˿ãĵƬƬı֪Ż
ӣԷɣûע⵽쳣˵
ͷԱˮϴãӱߣʼ
ˣ翴ȷʵѾˣŴӻͳһ˵ǽСӿɡ
˵ͷֽӹȴֱӷϣû֮ǰ𿪿
翴Ϊ
оߣ̧ۿ𣿿ҳԷ
绹̽ʵӲǺܵƻСѵſһ𣿡
迴һֱߵţһӷŵںܶȻͻῴġ
ҲǣûԷһˣ˵ӿ԰ɣҲȥԵ㶫
ͷҲûֻ̧ǵ˵ͷȵ뿪ʱȴַе꣬ȫǸղһʳӡ
ֻרĵĶϵţһֱиͷ˸ٰƻҲͲĥˡ
ǰʹ࣬аѣʱЩݰļֵעԶòƻѵǰǰ³Զֻһƻеǣ
һϵţҪ˺飬ֵ˲ͣסˡľݰѾûмֵˣΪʲô˺һйŶأ
ЩʹıסԴ̫ˣȫˣҪȻȥĻ߻ħ
뵽̴һ磡
ûй೤ʱ䣬˽ӣôˣ
迴Ҫչأ
һȵĿӵĹҪˣ
迴ɣҶѾˣʲô취ⳡ̱ϵұչس
ɣǣӲǾҪ绰˵һ룬ͻȻ쳣һת˵ӷģһӵķԸһϵչسģ
ͷ˵չصĵص㣬һ÷ɸ㣬ʲô飬Ҳ÷ɸ֪ͨҡ
ǣˡӦ¡
ͷûжཻʲôֱӱ뿪ˡ
ڿһ˵ŵϱŷ⣬ЩΪͻȻչأ˲ǲķضҪ
һ˵ϵţ˿ݣȻ˵ƻһжãȷֻҲͽ£δͱˣʱҲ˲ƻǱˡ
֮󣬴ҲƺƵ뿪Գ̤񶼵·
ƻʧ˵УҶ֪ˡ
ȷʵܵ˲УҲһֱԵҩЧǿ˲٣ֻ½İȻҩʵ̫ãõúܿ죬һϵ˿ھͽ裬ûиȾȻҲûзա
ͷĹˣѾȫûбҪٳȥ¶ˣͽ˵Ľڣ˵ߣң
ʱϣŽţ쿴һ
˵ɽϴʱֵģ
ɽƥƻԵַǳѾƻԳˣõĲ⿪ɽˢëʱ򣬷ֵġ
ƻյǼţһӶÿԾǶɵķζյôǺѷ֡
С㣿ЩɻĿôˣ
ƻݸһϢʱҵط˰ѣûв´Ӧþϻķ㣬ֲϻȻ׷ٵǡ
ʲôһǣöĵͬʱҲʮֵգҲ̫˰ɣҪȥ
ƻ䣬ЦһҵЩСҪŪҵľˡ
ǣɻͺ⣬ֻ𣿡
ƻЦЦָָĲбŪ˲֪ķŵɽ棿
ʵ˭
ԼӣƻԴ˭ҪŪǣ
ԴͻȻС˵̫ӣ
 

İ ħ

ƻϣСѾͷ̫
ûһ㿪Ц˼Ͻ˵СǻΣգӦò񶼰ɣ
ôƻĵ˵ҪǲˣΪѾз£һ𣿡
ֿ죬ū澵ǰвأ
ƻѾ۾ЩƮ˵֪ˣѵõӣúϧɡ
Ӧһ£ϵ¹Ƥ̺ϸ˸ǣ㲻ٴ˯ˡ
ƻû˯̫ʱ䣬ĿͻȻһʹһ
С㣬ôˣﱻһϽ
ƻؿھҵţһ˵ؿʹһ¡
üͷôͻȻĿʹأūͽ̫ҽС㿴
ƻȴһסԼһʹؿڣˣѾʹˡ
⣬ôˣüͷĺܽȷϵû𣿡
ƻҡҡͷû¡ЦЦһҲпܡ
Сجˣüͷһɣǻһǵʵ
ƻ룬ǵˣ֮û£İɡ
ȷû£ŷˣƻһ裬ı顣
ƻźʮӿˣȻͣҳϣȴȥһֻ̻̲ĸоҲָ֪оǴӺζġ
Ϸ˺ĸ׶аţһֻӬɲȥǱߡ
ЩɣȻѾûյǱߵϢˣ˴ϢһҲ糣
οھӪ֮Уûпվ˭ܶ
ȥҲ벻ôԭ򣬱Ҳֻһŵһߡ
ܿõ״ԴʹͲôˡ
չصĵطһªɽʵһѵʱ٣ʱ䣬һħ״̬ɽһжǰ
˷ҪɱִݻɽеһСɽڱϣ˽õĿۣײʱµѪ
Σ˵һαŵ֮⣬ɽ˻ƻ֣ҲͲپˣֻǻСĵĶ㿪װûп
ȵָ־ʱŻѾϴһȫ衣
һ죬ƺЩһΪɽеĶҪƽʱܶ࣬˻ֱ˺ѷΡ
һԶԶŶЩģⳡƽʱ˰ʱһ̳ͣ˹ȥ
֮һѪͷɢڵϣѾһˡ
ӣһ˹ȥһѷ˵ϵ衣
ʵ۾ҲͻȻһЦ磬ҹˣ˲ˣʦ˵ǰ˲ܴ޵֣ҾȻˣ
ϢȻҲʮֵĸˣǰȴǸ˵ʱ״ӣô
ѾԼֱӣ΢΢ҡͷû¡
ǣ־أʵ
迴ЦݴżֲȻûãɱ˭ûá
һ䣬ʲôɱ˭ûãɱǸĻɱ˭
ӣ㡭
迴һ㤵ģͻȻЦʲôأҶƻôµ֣˵Լ
һû꣬иϽ˵ӣɲҪɵ°
ɵЩ޿̣һưĵһߣ˵Լ
ųһûķҲûѰͷǶãá
ǲܳˣĶ
ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷУҵȷʵǰҪöˣҲΪžȻͻһֱϡֻǲܹԼħԺǻᱻţ㣬ƻ»˺顣
ӣǲԤһЩʲô飿ʳеɻ
迴һۣ׽ȴûôÿˣֻ˵û˵˻ǰļͶ̥
˵ȷʵ˵ȴףͶ̥ˣôܺǰһͬһأ
ɻҲûڶͣϾЩ˶벻ףô͸
֮ȥɣȵԼˣһɽġ˵
ǲԸ˵Ҳû׷ʣ˵ͷ˵ã¾뿪ˣԺûʲôҪ飬Ҳ׵Ĵˡ
ͷԥһ˲ʵƻǱߣˣ
 

İ ѵ

Ҳһ˵˴Ϣû£СӦþҪԳˡ
΢΢ͷ֮Ӱȫˡ䣬ϵпʼϽһ磬ƮƮһư˳ȥ
֮󣬻Ǳɽ񱩵ײһġ˼ɽʵǵΪƲס˽ǲεĵģЩֻܿһ˿ȥ
ص񶼣֮ˡ
ܿƻҵʱһԵſӭԶϵЦҲԽӲ
ƻӭȥĸף˵õ𣿡
ûܿİǰ鷢˶󣬡ôˣ
ƻĸ첲ɲԳ⣬ˣ
ǿȥóһ㰮ԵĲˣܿЦ
ˡƻļͷ˵
ֱܿЦ̧ͷȴվ̨µǡ
ŭʲô񣿣
ŵͷȴһ۲Ҫߡ
ܿŭôЩû˹ܽ㣬Ĺضǲǣ
㲻ǰĸļӣýѵң㲻ʲôʸ˵̣̿ͻȻ˵
ƻ̧־͸һƣر˵ĵһȻΪĽ㣬ûʸף
ˣҴң̼е
ƻһƣôҶ㣬Ҽˣʲô
㣡̱һ·ѾˣҲ֪ԼһεϷ˵ǰԳԲ˶ߣѾƹˤˣﻹһ
ֱӳԼıӣֽ̧ƻкֱ֣һֱ߬סıӡ
Ҳ书ģȻҲ壬һҲ
С㣬ȸūȥһϷ˰ɣ̣һƬĮȻмвζ
̳˳ûг鶯ֱ̧һֵֻϴȥϲģ
ץסֱһֽĸ첲
̼һϲҪɱˣ
ȰС㻹ʵһ㣬ܲҪƤ֮ࡣ
ȻתͷŰܿƻ˸˸ӣ˵˴С㣬ūҪСȥϷˣȸˡ
ƻ΢΢ͷѺ뿪ˡ
ܿЩӦƻʵô£
ĸײùˣǻǻػӣóóԵİѡƻĸ첲ǰߡ
㲻ȥĸ𣿡ܿʵ
ƻ˵ĸҪæȵҳȥҲ١
ƻ֣ܿҲû룬˵ͷãǾȻȥȵһҲһȥϷˡ
˾ͻ˻ӣʰȥˣƻŰܿ졣
ƻ߶һòСͱƻҪСһЩʵǺͽͬģǽ뿪ʱƼĽãֽ
ƻԳϵļţЩԸˣԭô棬С㶼ȥ
ƻһۣú˵
ɫǣū澴ˣ
ǲֹˣƻŰܿһһˣôҲۣ
̹죬һҲ̫˰ɣ˵ԼҲ𣿣
ܿ˵㲻ҲһˣҺĸ
һ𣿣ƻʮֵĲǳ۰ңҿӣСôʵܲˣ
ܿЦƢֲʲôë
͹ɣƻһ۽񣬡ٳҾͲҪˣѾͷһźĸס
ԱߵĽһ޹úõʲô˵ʲôõģô
ϻ֣̿ȴźȥźܿӣֱûл·
ˣΪһѾʲôĲҪǾ͸ǺϲѾͷܿһ˵
ܿһѱס˰ܿĸ첲ٿ޵ż찡ͲˣôƫѾͷǲǱҸϲ
ߵһڰܿƻ϶һѾı顣
˴ֱϵļƤС㼵ʲôģȫᡣЩֱǵСֻǸʰ·硣
 

İ 

Ϊƻһ֮ǰ壬һƬЦ֮С
ЦУʳҲˡ
ԭƻЩ˵ܿĵģǿһζȶҲϽյӱϣҪãϷ˵Ѿȴ˽
С㣬Ϸȥһˡ
ƻֻ÷еĿӣźǣ˵֪ˣȻȥ͵
ʲô°ܿ΢üͷԵ㶫ٹȥɣ
ƻҡҡͷ˵ĸ̵֪飬ԳʱʵЩ񻰣ĸһҪҹȥҿȥأĸȳ԰ɡ
ܿһ£Ҳûٶͷȥɣ˾ָ֣ŪԵģǧԼ
֪ȥ·ˡƻЦŵͷŽ뿪ˡ
ٻһ·ŽϷ˵Ժ
һžͿ̱ڵϣĿţһԵŭϷϷ˵ɫһƬһ͸ŭ
Ůĸ밲ƻЦ˵ԭȸĸ밲ģĸҪæûйĸǧҪҵ
֮Ϸ˵ɫѾ˺ܶ࣬ô˵һǹܲ𣿣
ƻϽȥЦŴһԼ֣ŮĲǣĸˡ
Ϸ˸Ͻ۵һס֣ѽҲǲǣ
аŮԸĸֳأƻ˳ֱ֣Ϸ˵ߣ뿿ϣԣǼأ
Ϸ˱̿ҪǼ꣬һˣ
ĸ˰ƻЦ
Ϸıӣ龫ôΪôǰǲǣ
ôȻ˵̡
ƻһ̣Ҳûдۣ˵ŮǾֱ⣬Ҫĸ𣡡
ֱ֪⣬Щˣǰ۵ģϷЩŭ
ҭ⻰Ȼ˵ģ̴ֱ⻹һ߱һߺأĸУǱҾǡô
̣ôĸ˵أƻŭ˵ĸǻж𣿣
̧ͷƻװˣ㣬ĸôôң
㻹ұ죡Ϸһӵķ֣ŭ⼸Ĺضѧ˭ܸĸ͵սô˵ҿʼЩֵĻ֪ˡǰҪ߸÷˳ʲôӣ
ֵͷ˵ˡ
˵飬ŮҲܳĬˡƻ˵ʵЩʧҲ֪ϲңϾǵļ£Լ˵ҲͰˡƫƫҪǰֵ֣͵˾֪
Ҳ˵ҲūʧְûһԶѶС㡣
ô˵Ҿ˵˺üأһֱԸƻ˵
һһ͵ģھѾըˣָƻѪˣǰͱˣÿζ²̨Ҫ֪Ҳ˾֪
ƻ磬վϷ˵ĸȷʵŮĴΪеŮǽ㣬ȷʵûñʡ
ˣһ֪Ϸְ£Ҫǹ㣬ô˵ʲôˡ
ƻӣЦЦĸӢ
ĸ㻹˵ʲôֱ⣬ƫִ̻˵
Ϸ˳ŭΪƻʲôûиռҶˣ֪ƻĴָ˵ãûһ˵ثģأռ˵ڶҵǰˣǿʶ˵˵ʲôʸռҵ
⻰̵ɫЩף̵ĸǸ׵ŮŮôûʸռҵˣ
˵˵һռҵ𣿣Ϸ̴ʵ˶ռҵ㻹ʲô
ȻĸûиһᣬƻõЩһã
ϷֱӱЦˣһãִҲ˵ĳڣǴûǰһ㣬ʹ
һϣǺĸ㲻ң
ûŹ𣿡Ϸ˴ŭ㣬λһȥ𣿵㿴ԼЩʲô˵˶٣û˵ûһ
 

İһʮ ϴ

̵ԣǰƽ˵˦ǰܾܲϴοֵֻһ֮ʡ
ƻŻðɵϷˣ֪ܷĻ̹ƶо
һסϷˣĸӡ
Ϸ֣ôܲҪһʡģҲ֪ˣ
ҧҧһƻӵļޡ
ƻҲתͷһۣЦõƢĸҲ˽⣬Ƕ׵飬ȴҲסĸôҲûʲôôǻǵĽԡ
㿴ǸӣһҲһýȥϷһ
ƻֿϷЦĸǶ֪õĴҲݲϡֻҪˣĸͰռҹ淣ǡ
ЫĳŮˣָı
Ϸ˿һƻϵû¶Ǹ͵ĵͷһ⻰ִŭ⻰ܸ˵Ļƻ˵úܶԣ˵ֻҪܲϴӲȥҾܲ㣡
ĸͲƽ㲻ֻһ֮ʾ϶дΪʲôͲ˵ģΪʲôͲң̴ʵ
Ϸŭҩɾˣ
ĸ˵ɣһΣҲдĸҲһ𷣡ƻ˵
Ϸ˵ͷã˵
ƻ˵ͷ˵εУ̫ҽͻʺﶼ˵Ҿ̽ȴҪӲûԩɣ
ǿǵ㣬Ҫ̽ģѾЩգҲӲҪģ̽Ʊ
ƻ˵ҵѾȷʵҲдҲǻУʵڲӦһѾͳ˭˭˭Ҳ˵һôѾ߳ʵ³ɡ
ǺһһʱûĻһʱЩԶԡ
һ˵ƻ˵ѾʱֹѾҲǸɲģҪñӳ֣¿ģ
ȻҪϣҲһ˿ˣֻҪ΢һ㶼֪ˡ
ѹеĻţҵʱȷʵѾڼˣɶ֣ŲҷҲͰˣĸѹңһٻС˵־ģҶѵҪ˵ΪӵϣĸҲҪܹˣ
һֱӹ˵ϣ˵ϷˣūûãҹȥΪԼλС㣬ūȴòϷ˵ͷѹţʵǹϷ˵Ρ
Ϸȴֻǳδһԡ
ƻһۣ˵ȻдҲΪúãǰʧ档
ĸһһ;䶼ң˵ʲôΪҺãǿݵ΢۸ң̴˵
Ϸ˵Ƴһۣ᲻ˡ
ֹϴΪȷʵϷƵͼⱾϷ˵˼ԭϷɹȥල̵ģ̵ȻϷ˵ơ
ҲϷû˵ԭƻ˵ôһ䣬Ǹ̨ףҲǸϷ̨¡
̸ͲӣȻ˵һһ͡
ϷȻʮֲˣƻҲЦ˵ˣոС㣬ӣû˻ݵ΢һҲΪ㣬Ϊռҡ֪һӴȥĿɲֻ֣Ŀĸ棬ռҵ棡
ðôңֽеλҪɱһ˵ҵӣ
ƻεһ׵ĵΪʲôǲסֺϷ˶һۣĸɹŮ𣿡
Ϸ΢΢ҡͷϴˣʲô飬һ˵˰ɡ
ƻͷֶ˵ʵ׵һ飬ʧٵһΣЩϸΪʲô˵Ĳһ
ģһЩңҲʼ˸
ʲôһﲻһˣǿװ򶨣ƻʵ
ƻӣЦһ˵Ҵӻʺ˽⵽Ϻ˴δҲʧһ£Ϊʲô
̵Ŀ˸ĸӵңңΪʱҲ˾ţһʱˡ˵Ҳ䣬Ҿ˵Ҳûã
˵˵ʱ𣿡ƻʵ
ֿ̿ѾɵϷˣ֪Լ˵ҲˣпٵŶԲߡ
 

İһʮһ ̻

Ϸ˿ẉ̂ҲЩɲֵʧ٣һֲ߻ֵʧ٣˼̫ˣ
̵ķӦǿ죬ûжñ˵ʱ˵ҪȥҰˣҾȥˣһֱҲûлҲźѾȥǣ·ģ˵ԭΪͻһ𣬻ȻܻţӦҲȫˡûзϣҲûи˵ģ
ⷬƻֵı¸ǹĿ࿴ûи磬ƻֶ˵֣˵˵ô£
Ӧһǣ˵ϣǶСѾң˵ǶСҸȥժЩҰˡͰոƻ˵Ļ˵һ顣
̵ĺ˵̫ϸˡ
Ϸ˿֣˵Ǳ˴ΣȻŵ˵ϵģ
ǣū䶼ʵ˵
ζȷʵҪ̵֣ġ
ƻһϷˣܿóϵĻɣȻҲóϵĵľᡣ
ϷȻѾ֪пԵݵģ֤ʵˣֿϷ˵ˣսϷ˵ȨϷǾݲ˵ġ
̶ռҵΨѪˣҪûˣǾܿƻǿˡ
ϷתͷһƻСС;ѾΪոӶͿˣǺòײűǵһҪϣôƻΪԼĴ󸶳Ĵۣ
ĸôˣƻۿΪ΢ĿԼʵ
Ϸ˿ƻ΢΢ЦЦ˵Щˣ͵飬þԲǹģһҪ֡
⻰һ̾ȵ̧ͷһϷˣѸٵֵͷ
ƻȻмֲ죬Ҳ⣬Цĸ˵ûȷʵӦòŶԣһһ鵽Ҫֵġ
Ϸο֣Լ˼ŷ˵ġ
ȴʮֵľȣֻҪ΢һ飬ҵ©˾ȻͻȻˣ֣ң˭֪ȥ᲻鵽ʧٶǼٵġ
һû꣬ϷͻȻ˵㲻ҪΪѵ˸ϵͲܷȥ֮͸ұ˼ѡŮ롷ҳһٱ顣һɽϰֹȥҰеĹȫѧһ飬ʲôʱˣʲôʱٽĽ㣡
̵ҪǱϷһ۸˻ȥ
㻹ǲǣҪҪҰ͵ȥ½أ
һҪ͵ȻϣֻøϽ˵ŮңԸܷ
㻹Ͽȥ
̱Ѿ߲뿪ˡһСоͽˣȻƻ⣬ǱϾϷ˵˼Ҫصġ
ƻɲҪҰϷƻ֣ô˵á
ƻϲɫֻ΢΢ͷЦƻĸĿġֿһ۵Ϲŵ֣˵ﵹǸи
Ϸ΢΢üֲߵһ̵֣Ҳȫ޹ʲôģ
Ҳʮֵ֪ȤϽ˵СˣūһˣСȫƾ˵δСңū㸰Ҳϧ
ƻûԼ˸˵ʲôϷվЩ
ЩƻôܲףҲֻҪϷһֱôά̣֮϶ǳ顣ôҲϣϷףѾǸԲƻˡ
ϷȻЩҲڶƻʲô϶οȷʵЩԣҲûмƽϣֻ˵ԷûаĸԵķˣԵɡ
ƻȴҡҡͷ鷳ˣĸѾ˱·ˣһȥԱˡ
ϷҲûֻ˵ˣȥҪúӡ
ƻס˵꣬ƻˡ
ոߵſڣͻȻһĻţǰҲȻһڣһѷסſ򣬹ֱӾ͵ˡ
ϽסʵС㣬ôˣ
ƻſֻĻŵȻûгԷҲ͵Ѫ˰ɣѵš
ϷҲϽ˹ʵôǣ죬ȥиҽ
ƻҪתͷ˵û£ȴûпڣǰһڣֱӻ˹ȥ
ŻˣԺ˶ʼ
 

İһʮ 

ƻԵʱǳ̣˸հõϷ˵ϣҽûйѾתˡ
ƻоôϷ˸Ͻ˹ס֡
ƻҰһҪЦȴǧһ㣬һȶֻ÷ֻ˵ĸģû¡
ɫ˵ûأϷһĵǣ˵Ѿ˺ܶôͻȻ赹أ
˵תͷŽ֣ŭЩ˶ôźģС嶼չ˲ã
ֵ̻̿ĵͷȻûиƻߣΪƻѾߣͻȻ赹Ҳʮֵ
ֿһϷˣ˵ΪūСŻ˵ģūĴ
Ϸ˿һۣż䵭вޣûбҪ˵ֻȻƻģȻһ
˵ֽ֣꣬еߣ˵ȥ߶С㣬˽֮⣬ڷһֿ֣ˣ
̳ϻ̳ϿֵĹ˵ϣͣ˵Լˡ
ƻֻһķôϷ˶̶һЩʹĴˣֺαأϷ֮϶
Ϸ˵˵ĸߵˣαΪ֮֮顣ƿϵ̺ӾҪ´ҼȻѾ˾ͲĸˣȻȥˡ
ʲôţϷ˸ϽסʲôŲŵģôôȥ
ƻƿ֣ĸȥϢ
ļ䵭Ϸ΢΢һ㶣죬ȴʲôҲû˵̾һ˵òȥ
ƻβûоֻܾ΢΢˵ͷлĸ
˵Žվ΢΢˵ԺĪҪڶײĸˣĸʲôľΪǺã๵ģ
ָӣӦһǣһѾո֮
ƻжϷ˸˸ӣȻŽ뿪ˡ
Ųȥ·ϣббڲƻЩʵС㣬ȷû𣿡
ƻһۣǺ˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
Ǻ˵ȻżҲûжʣֻ˼ӿ˽Ųûжñ㵽˻ӡ
ƻѾȥֻܿýȥͨһԼֱӽ˷䡣
ܿһȻϷ˷εˣȻʮֵģ˵Ҫȥȴסˡ
С㾫ǺܺãҪǹȥһҪǿžĻǵϢˣȥɡ
⻰ȻֱףҲʮеܿͷ˵ûúϢȻô˵ǽĴ֣ôã½ҽҲ֪ʲôʱҪиô
ˣϽ˵ô룬СһģҪϲã᲻˵ġ
ܿһҶͿˣ˵ûƻһµġֿŽ񣬡ԣûԷأȥ˵ԵģЩ嵭ġ
ԣָϽ˵㻹ǸϽȥƻźţ壬ȥ
ųϽ˵ˣС㷿أһչ˺С㣬ýЩԵĹȥС˱úϢ
ܿһۣۿ΢΢һ죬壬ƻôôֶأ
֣Խʹ˸ɫ뿪֮󣬲ŷŰܿһߣ˵ˣİɣ½ҽߵʱС˲ٵҩСû˵ҪҽҲûôţһʲôµġ
ǻȥɣʵǷĲ¡ܿ˵
ˣСҪǿôĵģҪˣȻС˵û£Ǿɡ
ãܿ΢עƻĶһ͸˵
ƻص֮ȴûֱȥϢ鰸ǰдһš
дģһĻŵʱ侲ķӦòΣա
һκԤ׵Ļźͻ赹Ķһֱķ·Էһˣ
Լ֣϶дģŽ֮ȴ̲סһסҪȥ߹أҪã
ɲһüӱ졣
Ϣһ찡ƻü
ɫһ˵СˣѵõŸ룬ֶηֵʱʱݲġȥȻһ֮ڵ
 

İһʮ Ӧ

ƻ㱵ĵͷ˵û
⻹Сҹ£С״ֻʱƥҲҪʮſܵֲ
ƻֵ˵ͷ㲻˵ˣˡ
ǹӳʲô𣿡ʵ
ƻƤһ˵Ӫе˿ʲôϢ𣿡
ҡҡͷϢһֱһаá
ƻֵͷͷһֱ̫ˣû߰ʲôߣϾҲԼǱûϢûκ˽
ĸоܣȥ벻һеĸϹȥף˵û͸ǽǱ˲٣ȥ鷳
οܾƾʲô翵ֱͶ϶ˣ֦ôıͶҪˮƯˡ
֮Ļţûлţ˵ʲôҲҪȥһ۲С
ƻ߻̻̲ȻҲùѾˣҹҹʮѰʱһ죬ȴֶȹǰһ
ÿһʹ඼ǣӵļͣҲӵļᶨ
һֱѾͷӰƻܾȴûгֵźȴһδεþ׹ͷ׹ԨӰԼʹޡ
ʹѾʹѾǰԼԼʹûһᣡħʵǰ޷ԵԼ
ǰùҹ˵˲̫ųˣŻαװһЦ¶Լǵ뷨Ҳźĸףƻ
ԽʹޣԽҪǰԼԽʱʱ̿ôʧܣ̻̲в̤ٴصޡ
ֲһֱۣŻΪƻ֮ȫ
ãȷʵѾǰǰųӵиǿ͵ǣûħΪһͷβڹȥķӡ
軺ĲԼԼǰĵذףڴڵĴؿڵ˼£ֹסؿڵѪ
ĵ಻ߣһɱԼȴظֲҵЦݡ
ɹˣֵ˲䣬ͻȻѹƫ˵Уһ˲䣬ԺвͣƻҲʧˡ
Ǹù˼ؿڵˣһЦսʤԼپħԴη塣
޴ĳɾ͸Ȼʮֿؿڵ˿ҲҪȥҩ֮붨ǲϢܿ£һɾ·ֱɽȥˡ
УΪæýͷö˽Щʲô£
öûӦһ̧ͷͿѾ˵ϵ£ڿڵĿȫǵɳ̡
ӣ̶еıʣϲӦ˹ȥɻˣ
迴һۣЦŵ˵ͷ˵æ˱ˮϴ軹ҪúϢʱ顣
̿ǿؿѪһ㤣ǡ
ͷһۣȷǼ,ˡ
ɲҵ˵һȥҽӰһ°ɣ
ˣֻϴ˯һתתӣɽ⼸ճ˻ûкϹۣ˷ܵѾʮƣˡ
ƣӣ΢üܷܲŲܰɣҸӰ
ĵͷϴɣ
ôϴ裬սľĿǾĿڵ˿ڣ˫ֲΡΡĸá
费ͷһؿڵıĵķϵĸ飬ƻǱôˣ
һаá˵ֵ꣬ǵ˵ӣ㻹ǸϽϢɣ
ͷ˲ɢҵżҪȴȻƳϤòϤ֣Ͻš
ûпƻţŷдš١֣ɷûп
ţŭ磬ʲôʱţûв𣬾ȻҸһаã
翴ţٿŷϵ֣Ѿ͸˵ûһӡ
=İΣ
һ۾ʹпļУбУĻҡ
Ŀѵתײڣ΢΢ҧҧ֮ǰģҲ;˵ĻѾһա
֪ƻôͻȻôе֪ԼİΣָ֮ӦĴڸӦôġ
 

İһʮ 

ʵʱ䣬ƻĲǺܼѣ˵һĻ֮⣬һֱڻ֮С
Ϸ˷ǴһԤͻȻ赹βûôѹһ졣
񶼵ҽոƻԲеϢ⴫񶼣Ҳ¡
򸾶ѯʣ׸ҲʮֹעʱҪ˵ռҰ׼ϢϢصĸ¹ٹˣ˵߻򰵵ȫոֻ֮Ҳ
ڻʹ֮У̨龸ĿҲעԶݺӳµլָ㣬һ˿⡣
СͯҸ£ʥϡ
ʱ鷿ѵǰ̫ҽʲôʲôúõ˾ͻȻˣôʲôǵʲôã
µ̫ҽ͵͵̧ӲŶͷϵ亹һͷ˵ҲſˮǶԼҽһĵģǲģĲ鲻Ĳ
ҲǵӵѪùˣôÿζѵⶼΪƻĲռСֱ̫ҽԺĿǡ
ôһԲӵߣôһҩǲǣ˵
̫ҽǵͷ㿴ҿ㣬༷ۣ˭ҲҲԸǹײ
Ȼ֮ĻÿһӣŭһȺ޹ɣǻʲôԲ͸ʰ̫ҽԺ
̫ҽǲûоú£һɴϽ˳鷿
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Щֻһ֪⣬ǶϲüңֻҪƻԹǾûʲô⡣
ǡ龸˵ϲ뼪Ե̨ǣȴɷСضΪСŻԲѡ
ʵǸλ⣿
龸ҡҡͷСеһ٣ƶҲ޿κΣ
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ü˵ˣƻܻҲƻˣ˵ûôļֵˡ
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ȴ˰֣˰ɡѾԲˣƻģҲ̫Ȣô̫
˵һֱǶŸѹ£ֵģ׼ҽִ֣̫ƻȷʵɷԭһеĽԵɡ
ŷͷ·ܳƻ԰Ƶ
龸㲻̧ͷҲ֪ʲôз΢΢˵£̫ģ̨Ȼע䣬һֱϲȴ¶âޱǶ̫ӵµԵ
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ʱƶ֡龸˵ţһСͯʾѶϣ˵ƶֻ֣Ҫҵ֮ϵ˱ˡ
˰͵ϣİ֣֮ǰĲ˲һɨաȻо࣬ϲֱ֪һҲһõ񣬵ʱҲһܱһ¡
ٿϲɫģ龸ֱӸˡ
ڼžĹϣУͻȻͣסŲ̧ͷ죬췱֮Уһ۾ͿǿԵǣûбϣҲ¶һ˿Ц
ԭ԰̨ͻȻʣߵһڸ΢ǺеĹ⻪ֻ΢ǳе
 

İһʮ 

Ⱥҫ֮ʱڴϵĻԵƻͻȻһ޾лתѡ
ֿԼ޹ǵָξΪԼֻصǰ˫ûоǰֿѵ֣ʾǸξǸʵ
Ȼع̧ӣһ۽յĴѾΪϰԵĶʹ֪ⲻʲôˣȴɸĲ
ĦԱŵĽ˲侪ѣƻѹ˲˾ϲˣ
ƻ΢΢ͷ˯˶೤ʱ䣿
ˡ
ƻһ㶣漴Цֲãôˡ
Ͻ˵ӵһȣȥЩԵġ
ƻͷ뿪ʱ֮󣬱˴ϣȥ
ȻҲΣμǰֵĳۺûʱһ亹ףֻμǰԼʱĳΪʲô˯졣
Ϊαӵûһϵı鿴
еĻںޣ۵׵ķ񶼿һܸܵԼʱֱ۵ȣϵ¶ȡ
ȻξȴֻȥһΣ󵨵룬һǲҲȥˣԲǰʻ
˦˦ԴԼѾ췽ҹ̷ˣôܻġ
ȵʱ򣬴ϵƻѾٴ˯˹ȥٽУֻСĵ࣬ʱܳԡ
ƻһ˯˵ڶ͡öû˯ôľˣ۾Ҫһ
ȥ־ͱһ˫΢ָ߬סˣƻˣ
ƻˣ۱㿴ܿȻĿԼ
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һôڵˣƻЦЦοˡ
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ܿƻǰ鷢Ժʵӿɻʲôˬĵط𣿡
ûˡƻϽ˵
ܿĨһᣬ˯֮ǰҲ˵ģʲôʿһҪﰡҲܲסˣ
ƻϽûƭ㣬Ҳ֪ô¡֮ǰ̫ˣ˯ôã㿴ھð
ܿ˿ɫȷʵżֺķǸϽ½ҽɣȷʵû£ܷģ
ģӦúܻܿˡƻЦЦ
Ҳ˽ˣܿιƻˣһֱߣȷʵûˣһĲǰˡ
ƻҪȰ뿪Ѿ߽һϷˡ
ոϽͷǱϷ˾˽첽ߵǰһѾͰסˡ
ƻҵĺӣû̫ˡ
ƻ΢΢̾һıĸƻûˡ
Ϸɿᣬ˵źͰܿһĻ˾ͺã˾ͺá
һԵ֣ҲĨĨᣬСɲ֪죬Ϸ˻ûۣ񶼵Ĵ򶼸ˣҴĸʾûнأ
ϷתͷһۣҪ죡
Ϸ˵ӣȷʵǲԸ֣˵ЩûʲôϷĳɷ֡ٿڣɫҲʮֲãȷʵûúϢ
֮ǰΣϷ˶ԼĹϵ۰ȷǲٵģƻҲеĽ٣ס֣ĸôԹˣŮôܵء
˵ʲôɵϷְڻϸϸô
ƻȻ˵û£ֺĺ˺壬˵ЩȤĻŽûȥϢˡ
Ϸֽ֮ܿߣһǹȥˡ
ڴϣЩ룬ԺԲҪˣ˵εεҲԲеΡ
͵ֱӣѽ˳Ǳл𣿡
ͳ˵ǲ֮ǰ͹ģһֱûлύС㡣
֮ǰϷ˺Ͱܿ⣬΢΢˵ͷǽӹ֮󣬲Ȼǲһ죿
ǣ˵µˡ
ƻûлشֻǸϽһŷ⣬Ϥ֮󣬲ų׵һĵԵʣŷϾдˡĪ¡֡
΢΢˹ŲţŵҲ࣬Ӧдôæֻ˵⼸Ϊ̽еӪУ£ûܼʱţҲ˵Լ涼ãҪ
 

İһʮ 

ƻţһʱҲ֪ôԼ飬һһһȴʧ䣬ȻΪûг£ƽֻǽ飬Ҳûˡ
ûлҪΪ̫ĻҪ˵ˣһʱ֪οڣΪƻżдùڼˡ
ƻպţý׼˱īš
ǳʲô𣿡֪Ŷ¡
ƻû˵ֻǷڰ±ʷɿдһţϸǰ̶Ƕ£֮赹дŵʱոջ
ȫдˣԼɨۣȴĽһţ֮ǰ˵ôá
ΪĹĹעһش𣬽Խܡ
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Ϊʲô㷴Ҳûж˵ʲôֱӰѱīȥȷû֮󣬲ȥ
ϣƻյĵڶţӽӹţߴżܲлû£⵽Ͼ˰ɡ
ȻŵĶȴƽʱ࣬ɨһۣȷԼ֮ŷϸ
еҪһŶܶ࣬ʼ˵֮ǰΪģæдã˼ĳϸ˵еĲΪʮױ԰ΧĳڶסˣֻҪ˶һܿʲô
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ƻ΢΢һȻҲĻŵ𣿿ϵԼ֮ǰȷʵһǲҲΣյ飿
ѹеĻңȻԼдţҲԼһΪˣûбҪ̫ˡ
ΪҲԸԼ˵ҲͲǲ˵飬Ͼ̫Ķ˵öԷûһô
һƻ࣬ý׼˱īúõĸһš
ȻûԼ˵飬Ҳ˵̺˵飬ᵽ˵Ǵ£ǴȴҪʱʱںϷ˵ĸܣЩ⡣
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ᵽһжһ鶼ӦԵ࣬õġ
д֮󣬱Ž˽泩˯£һ˯
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תʼѰ龸ϵŮӣѾ⣬ǺεݣһҪȢ
龸Ѿ˰ϢƻԼдָƻ
ƻЦһȥ˰ܿķа
ܿƻʲô˵龸ģ
Һ龸ʮͶԵοĵ֪ϵ³ò˶ãôİءƻЦЦ˵
ܿȴЦһǧĺã˼ȴİ治ʲôöǸ̫ӸһСˣһֱľȻûд
ƻͷĸ˵ĶԣӶʲôö˵ͳ׽ˣճôҼ޹ȥҲԲȢˡò˶ãͻҸڣݻԼˡ
ǵʱǿɵôҸܿһü
ղһ˫˫Ц
ƻȥϷԺС
Ϸ˿̰£Ӻôܵأ
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ͷ˵һ飬Ϸ˸֮ȻҲŭ⸸Ӷ̫
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Ϸ֣£ĸȻġֻҪעӣɲˣĸʹˣôڡ
ƻͷļͷʵΣŮĸǸ
ʲôǸϷ˴Ȱͷʵ
ƻ˵֮ǰζײĸĸˡ
Ϸ̾Ϣʲô¡ĸҲ˵ԣûվߣĸҲӦġң֪ˣţ˵ĸĲԡ
 

İһʮ ˻

ƻֱӣϷ˺ͰЦݣæ˵ĸǧô˵ʵףֻˣֻ˻ﻥпάĵλĸվһߣҲҪҶΪ˰ҡ
Ϸͷ˵Ҿ֪ƻġ˵ûֻãһܰģҲôά̡ɲԺʲôìܣԺҲҪһܰһѵˣϾѪŨˮþڻˣҲ׵ġ
ŮףȻʱǺܿˣѾĸˡƻЦ˵
ЩȻǺϷ˵ģϷ̫ˣҪ˰ҲԲ̡οѾǣ侮ʯͲˡ
Ҫ˵ʲô̴֮꣬ʲôˣҪҩʱ˾ֻУ
Ҫ˵ɱ̣ҲôãϷʱǲǲᶯ̵ġ
Ϸ˶Ļʮֵã֣Ǻúӡ
м飬ŮбҪĸƻ˵ҾöҺܴһֵⶼΪ᪣᪺Ѿһĳ̶ȡ
ϷȻҲжţҲϢˣҲܲܿ
ƻ˵ĸҲ֪ΪˣҪҺ᪵ĻϣĸעһЩһЩ顣
ϷѾ˵ĺίˣһҾͲܶҪˡ
ƻЦЦϷ˵Ŀıá
ȻƻϣȻûҵָϵŮӣѾƻ֮ĻںʼҪӴ֮ĻԼ
Ѿ˾֪飬Ȼһ͡
ųȥ˵ƻಡ֣ܲöʮֵѡ
ԭ˾ͺܺƻ׵õʲôϢһΪҶԵ˼ر죬ĹԱѾɡ
Ѿ˸ָİ汾˵Ӣţز֮һľ˵̫Ŀ࣬˸Եʡ
ʲô˵Ǽû˻˵Ͼ֮ǰƻԵҲǷз̫ҽ鲻ʲôֲȷʵѾûжٺûˡ
ֵжףոȴʮֵİϷ˺ͰܿȻҲĬˣϾһʼͰͷˣ⵽ԺҪˡ
ոĳĬȴԣƻƲһѣֱóеˣд۳ȥڳ֮Ͼʹ̫ȢһȢһಡ̫
ԭ͹ˣ˳ͷһ㶼ķӦ
ֻǲ᲻صѵǹԱ䣬һ۾ͿҲѾ˼Ҫ̨ء
Ҫͽģ׷׵̨ףŸ͡ø׵ˣȴ׷׳ĬԼԭģֻΪƻ岻ãҪϳԼʵ˲ݡ
ЩţռǰƻضԺһǣ࣬ٿĺá
ϢһƻȻӰ쵽飬ÿеĺܡ
һδƽһ𣬷ִƻ˽ԣ˵һոѾ߲С˵©ġ
˵ոԺסһӣƻ԰סȥģӾոĳƻԺ䡣
Ӻܿı˰ʦ˵ʦ˵ҲʮвŻ츳Ϊ˹ŵӡ
˴ȻжţȻĹӵܣ˵ȷʵֱּ£Ҳʲôˡ
һӾͳˣֻҪһţ˻˵עĿָָ㡣
˵С۹ôôӲòͨݸݵģûҳ㣡
ǰȻе㱾£ⳤҲ̫ЩСǿձʵ֮𣡡
һɾͱˣ˼Сۣһʲô֮Ҫ˵С̫лԼȴڱԺôˣʵЩ˵ȥˣ
⻰ȻһͬҲбܳҪС㿴ȥңҲĻ֮شȻһ
ϾҲϰ֮ˣ˵ֲˣȻһ
ѪúõİԾͰ԰ɣΪʲôֻĳ࣡ǳòÿҲɣǳ𣿣иһĽʣ޲ȡ֮Ķвɣ
 

İһʮ ҡ

ҡתͷͽո濴ո˿ɾը˹
ͨûУ
ҡû
˵ʲô⻹˵𣿣
ĶԻһϯÿһط
ʱƻȴеĺܡ
һˣϷ壬׼µĴ¡
´ڸƻչʾеĿʽܵҲһ䣬Сݣܴʲôġ
ƻŲЦЦһЩӣԴûʲôһֱ߼Ѿ߲ٳ֣˻ýȥһˡ
ҲҪżȥμӸᡢʲôģе·ȻҲҪ׼
۹ͽкܴĲֹϵƻ棬˶ãԼе·
ֱֵͷվмҲҲǡ
ƻµһ裬²Ŀ֡
ʱ򣬾Ϳô֡ĳ档ѵһƥӵǣòҲѵõСѾߣ·¡
ƻŲ裬־ˣʱʱ˵һ䣬˳ĸ
ľֻ̾һҲƻɵʱ򣬻ôС
תͷÿ̳֣࣬˵ÿһÿ
Ҳ֣˭ĺ£
СٻЩӿ죬һ㶼̰ڰ֣λѡöÿ
ⴿǷǣ̴Ҳܣһÿģ
ɣСȷʵһÿʵˣһ˵
ǲģ˵УиܺÿĲǣ
Ҳ͵ԣѡĿʽྶͥиÿĲǣ
ɣɡʵˣһȵͨ죬ֱƻϿϣܰԼ˵仰
ƻԭӲ֣ôֻܰαϣһֵģ
ధԹĿһֿۣ˿ͬԹԼѾͷ˲һͷһֱӻȥˣȻλôңҾͰ˭ĸÿ
һӦͽɫԵĺÿЩ̰ѱĶɨһߣһƽ̵ŵǰ
Ҫ˵УŮ˵·һоûУ˵һȻ϶ˡ
ϸ·˲Ǽϵϸ˵ȻС˲µģǾʵҲ֮ͬ
˵һѾߣһԼ˵ģһ˵һѽĺûҪǲǷ⣬ҲҪ״ǲǹǲƽǲǺʣܴﵽټ˽з˵һѺý
ָ·Ϲ·ȻҪʵأʽѡ·С˼δƴʽׯǴһԴҹķ緶ѡ·ȻҲ󣬵ǿᱡЩƶǰԵؾҫȴԾԻ󣬿ʽϸڣӴһͬŮ·Եøӳ
˵죬ļÿƻ΢΢üֲ´ʵ
࿴һۣһŭԵģӲæҲͰˣҪмһӣ
һ˵Ҫ˵·ûʲôɱԣҲͬͬϣ϶һʺϣ˵ˣ·һʺϵĳҲһһΪһ̤ʫҲǲλͲҪٳˡ
ҲϽ˵ѽڣԭûпɱȵļֵ
ͽ񻥿һۣһ·ֵָϣֻȥ·Ű
ƻûֿˣĿһۣû뵽ʦĿڲŻͦģ
ˣЦһ
ƻ˰֣ȥɣ
½й㻹û˵ʲôأǿЦʵ
ƻͷ԰ģ˴Ϣظһߡ
˵ݴո
԰Ѿ˰ڸдôʱ䣬˱һˣˣƻЦŶ˰֡
ʮֵΣôҶܲιһνĻ֮ոոνʲô
ܲЩң½ϻᱻ֪ɱˣ
ӣƻ̵̿ͷãһ˱ģ
ûһЦֻͷлȻ뿪ոٲٵһΡ
 

İһʮ 

ոĲΪѸٷͣԽԽƻܻˡ
òһѻϣܱѹյһݡ
ƻ˽ڴȥûʱִƻݻݡ
ôݣҪǰƻϷѡ˵
Ҫ˵ʵոĺܵ͵ˣǵֲϢ̾ͱɻˡ
һʼƻĹ鱦ϰȫ뵽˼׳ǵı
ĴܸռҴϹϵ̼ҼǼԴΪ˼پһû͸¶
Щ̼ȻǧѡԼ֮ոǿˡ
ƻڵĻǻȻݻռ˼ңǻ͵ĵطȻҪݻġ
ƻһͰȥȲ˵ϴ޳о͹Ѱ˼һԴöȵģ˵ͷϺͲϴģȫǼû⡣
Ҫô棬ӵĸοյѵЩϣЩϰ嶼ۡ
˵ͷϴĲ˿ϸ緢˿Ľ˿һֻɵĺǶ̱ʯټĲ룬ıǺú觵̵Ļ
˵ô觵ɵķ˶ٵϣҲ˵˶ٽӣ˵ʲôղĽ˿ĺҪ˵ǻĹھĵգҲ˭ôϵϵ̵ġ
ôһӣ񶼰㾡һ֮һ
Ҫ˵ƷʹģܳڵһſӶűʯġ
˱ı̾ƣԼĶǸ벻ƻۡ
˻ܵľƻûʲôӣЦⲻϲ˵׼ϺõĲдǡ
һĲ豭ǵɫһȫˣĲ豭̱Сϵôˡ
Ϊģһ۾ͿЩߣȫǹŶ˵Ҳİ꣬ʽӦöʥƷ
һۣͷϵ亹ҪˣЩ߻һ׵ģû׼ĸǰʵ۾й磬볯ʱõıӣŵһֱǼֵǰ
ϺõĲǺȲˣֻܰĲ豭ķŵϣֻҿˡ
Ͽһƻıӣһۣ֬ıӣʼã׵Ķ͸ˮ
ؼĹɲеģ˵ҲˣһתܿƵĵ̣˱ѾûĲ
˶лزʱƻǱˮһ£ıֱ䵽˵ϣһˤ˼ꡣ
˿ǲ豭أѣֻоˤǵģһɫ˲ɷס
˭Ĳ裬ôСڣ￴ƻָ̺ŭ
ƻɫҲЩѿ˸ʰˣ
˶߽һɨ˳ȥˡ
鱦̺͹Ŷ̵ĶѪ޲޲õİٲôĥĥҲΰϺõôܸһأ
ƻָСĨЩҩɡ˵žʹӻͳһƿ浹ҩ࣬ƻָϡ
ʱٿµˣһ˺۲һ
ʵ̫ˣ
ռҴСж󣬲ָ̺⻹ҩѾͳҩƿôǸģ
ҿҩƿǴƿӣֶѰ˼ҶҪˣȻװҩ࣬һѾߵĻ
һĿըѾʧȥ˼ֻܿƻҩѾ¸˺ǰֻһģһıӡ
λЦˡϺҩƻЦ˵ǲ⣬СŮǸԴıɣ
Ѿľû˱飬ֻĹ̻ܳһţʣµĹ̺鱦Ѿվˡ
ƻȻʾ⣬
ǽһУʶǶôĴ
ƻһ鱦۴С飬һߵĽʵ㿴ô
һ⻰鱦̻Щο㲻ǸϷƻҲ㲻ˡǽĻ˲ûЦݡ
ͷҪĥɷۣһѰϸһЩ
ֵǧ飬ȻҪĥɷۣ
ƻȴһ㶼ûв鱦̵ɫݸ˽˵һѾ߽ˡ
鱦аţѵʼ۸𣿣
 

İٶʮ ݳ

̨˵˵鲢į̈°ȴǿڸȻǱԵʡ
˱ˣ˵˵Щ벻˼ҵﶼ㲻ʲôϡ
ôҪĥɷۣ۸񶼲ʣʹﶼһôֱʰɣ
Ѿȫ˳һĶҪðˣƻǰδеᣬھͺ޲ðƶק̶˵ģ
ķӦԽǼң˵˵ĭӺɡ
鱦ˣһҪԼıЩ䵽ͳ˷ת־Ͷˡ
ƻֿ˿ߣһܣźӵ鱦̣ů񣿡
鱦̽ӲЦЦܲĥɷۣҪ˵ġ
ƻе񣬡Сã
ȻȻ鱦ЦȻЩ˼ӦҪˡ
ƻͷĴָСַŵ˺תͷԽ˵ɣ͹ȥĸ˴˳ϷҲӣҾͲЩǺӵˡ
⻰˶ļҵķˣո㿴أ˵
ȻʵزЩܹǸС߹ùõĺӣҲ԰ɡźϴż
ǰǰ͸֬ıӣʵȷʵǴ࣬鱦ˡôҲǸѵһıô͸˵ĺˣǲ̫Щ
ƻԵͷںңѡһֻŵĶɫʯĵĽȻûǰ󣬵ǱϾǽҲʮֵĹˡ
ۣлǴŲ⣬ϵǺˣʵǹЩڽͷϱ˱ȣѹסҪǸأ
Сһ䣬ССǶ࣬䲽ҡǺִ˲֪жˣٸŽɫʯĽʲôûĺòѹסģ
ƻֺֺЦĶ˵ⲻ˵죡˵űѽηˣתȥһֻοմӣֱӵݸܲܰˣ
˽ӲЦǮ˵㡣èιʳǶú⡣
ƻ˰죬ǿʲô͸ˣֱô
ȻǸϷ˵ǲô˵鱦ǵĿҲǴﵽˣ׬Ǯ׬Ǯû׬ǮҲǿ۽ˡ
ڹǣͷ˺ܶ࣬ǿϾͿˣܲĥ˷ۣˡ
ƻҲǴ򿪣һһĿ
̵ĶҪ鱦̵ĸӷḻˣСõ̴飬һӦȫ
ƻҲȤĿȣһǻǴ˿ǸСˣ̴ľģơ
ֻһۣͰͷתˣֿһȡһķĵýģ幤ƽĵȻҲɫȻϸ֡
ڿõĳľ͸㣬ִ
һƻȻϲûʼ۸񣬱˸̧ȥˡҲûнǲǸϷġ
ǴĴֻѡխڳİ״ƿ˵Ƿŵвһÿ
ʣµıֻˣ˶û뵽ƺЩҲʮָȤ
Щ漣𣿡ƻʵ
ЩϰȻ׷׵ͷƻҲһͷ濴ֻ
֮Ҳһ˿ȥҲȷʵЩֻڶľƷˣƻⷽ裬Ҳûˡ
ǽƻȻֱӸе˰Щȥˣ
ЩϰһҲǰյˣһˣϽ׷ƻԭ
ƻ˴豭ϵĸҶɨһۣﻹ⼸λʦļֻˣĻֵǮ
λƹƿڴҲǶ֮ˣȻֻЩĽǮֵ˹ģ
⻭ҲˣϰռҲܿĺö˵
ƻ΢΢üҿûöɣǿǿĹأҲǿ㣬ֻҪĶûеòģڲԸңһԸģ
ĻвѾûֻϰйͷҲ̲סģǿ˿Ѿ˱ĻŭҲ
ƻҲûǿֱӱ˰ѻˡϰĵѾոˣΪǼĵƤõռҵġ
 

İٶʮһ ʥּ

˵˵ţƻѾյ˿Цһš
ӽѼֽ˹Цû֦Ҳ
һŽŽĵط¶
˵ƻֻ֮Ϻǫ̃ɾ뿴ʯ⾿ʲô
󣬲ſ˸ɫ飬Ҳһ̴ľ顣
ϴϷ˵Ҳڷǰݰݣʱá͵𹩷ɮʮľá
⻰ֱĽչֵ쾡£ʵ˲ݣ
ֻ֮ҪǱƻжϰ壬ߵʱؿڶǹĹҵģɼΪһ񣬻˶ٵĽҴ໹͸˺ͻˡ
˵鴫˹У֪жٹӣ϶ٳһš
лпЩǧߣĶԭֻС͸˵Ķɼƽεҡ
߶Цǰϣ۽ǣҲЦˡ
ѾЦϣŶСĶۡ
⻰˭ģҲ̫ܱˣСǹֵݳһҪֻ̨Ҳ̫ˣ
ƻ۽ЦᣬǾŸԳСҵĽݰɣ̲סЦҲ԰ǴĿݻˣ඼಻ã
չЦǰɷ˿ˣСϲķζˣѹûעⰡ
ЦһƻϣѾը˹ˣƵв˶Һ޵Щīͣ˵ֻ̨ģ֪ôдʫڮҡյ糯ңռҵۣ¾Ҫ͵ǰˡ
ɲǣū澹ǿ⻰޲СӼأʵ̫ˣһЦ
ƻЦŵͷһǳˣͿжжˣ
ڶȻȺߣһѾѳǸе񾭳ˣһƻΪʮֵߡ
Ȼ˵ֻ˵ΪǷӳռҰܻļҷ磬ǶԻȨӡ
һʼɫãŴһһɫҲԽԽ߶ƻҲһ񣬶ЩԭƵƻˡ
Ҫô죿ʵ
̫ͬӵȢ˵ŮӰ
ЩˣȻͨô˵ģʣµΪʲôҲôϣȻһ˲ɻ󣬵ǺܿҲ׿ˣϾá
Ȼһʮ־ģĳȻ˵ȻһвģӦ
дگ飬ƻ״ϸһ飬˵ǵп̫ѡҪϳ̫ӿͷĻԼ
ڿʥּݣͷ᪣Ѿֿ˻ζҪƻˣȻһڽѵĸо
ҲߺӢ
̫ܿʹʥּ˹ӱո糯µʱ̫Ѿվոʥּˡ
Ϸ˴һŮ죬ӹʥּʱһģ赹ڵء
̫Ҳ֮ǰڣֻۿҡҡ׹ϷˣϷˣּɣ
Ϸ˿һʥּɫӲҰףƻһҵĺѽ
һ䣬Ϸ˾Ȼһ죬ֱӻȥˡ
ҳһţϷ˵ķϷˣдĽдҲж˲赹ˮġ
ǸǿһţܿյĴ̫󣬴վ㱻Ѿ߸ײ
̫ʥּЩ޴ˣʥּûأ
ƻúϷˣתͷһ̫࣬첽߹ȥǹʥּϵʥּƻҲӣʥּݣƻһҲϣתϣƻδԷϣȻȻҲԣƻΪԼΪռҵҲһҪվˣϣԺҪ
ֻ̫ЦһǿеȻȻһ仰Ҳ˵ϾҲݺƻ飬û˱ȷʵûʲô
˵Щƻһ֣߲ͣ
̫Ҳһûֻһ첽뿪ˡ
ƻ᪻ԼϢ̫뿪󲻾þʹ˳ȥȻϷϢֱӻ赹ռһŵĻϢ
˵ϢİգֻʮֵĽƻûܵôܼ޸̫ӣ͸ʰʰոˣԺôţ
 

İٶʮ αװ

˰Ϸ͵Уƻ֮󣬴ϵϷ˾۾ƻЦţˣ
ƻҲ̿ͷˡȻ˵ĸ˶ƭȥˣΪ赹أ
ѾͷȻЦˣϷ˴һĶͷϵЦȴӲ˼֡
ƻҲ㣬ĸ첲Цţлĸң
⻹Ӧõģʵ̫浱ĻλȵˣαøɫơϷ˵
ƻЦЦ˵ǣŮĸ
ĸأϷЦͷ⿴һʵ
ƻЦĹûĸôң¶ߣȻȥˣ
Ϸһסô⻰ǿأ!
ƻϽģǣƻ˵ˣĸҰɣ
һֱȵƻᶼˣϷ˲֣һѾͷ첻ʰ㶼Ҫﵽͷˣ
ƻίͰ͵С˵˵ıʵ
˵ʲôϷŭһҪ
ƻһվȻĸû£Ůȸˣˣ˵һ̵ˡ
ʣϷֺֺЦֽ֣Լ·
ƻص֮󣬾ֱӽ˰ܿķ䣬ȻҲڵƻ
Ϸû°ɣƻܿʵ
ƻЦЦĸû¡
ܿ˵ͷһۣϽ˸ǰô£
ƻ˵ĹûĸĵңȻˣĸˣġ
ҲǣܿһСļһ˵ʲô˵𣿿û׼ҪһƬ
ƻĸôôذ
ܿ˵ĶͷýȥһѾߴˮ
Ҫˣôȥĸ밲ʱ϶Ҫۣƻ˵
̲ܿסһĶͷɸͣɣ
ƻ۵üͷǿܿ΢ŭӣҲڶ˵ʲôˡ
ôȥؿڵѾõò࣬һֱŵ֣Ҳ˶
һ˵Ǳ˶̸˹ȥϵʱϡ
ӭ˵ӣǴӽ賿컹ûʱſʼ˶ģ¹ƽǻˡ
˵ʲô𣿡ߵǲ۲ĵطۼ·ϣʵ
˵һֻһԲľӦһ´ݾߣûп쿴
㣬ʵķ˳ȥ𣿡
̻شĿǰϢֻ￪ʼˡ
ǴӿʼҲЩʱˣôٲǡ΢΢ü˵
˵᲻˳Щ̽̽ûʲô쳣Żˡ
ͷпȿϻ᲻ࡣ
˵ţ±·Ͼʹѹӣ··ϡ
ֻһڻţϵĻﶼ鲼ţֻܿԲľ
Ͱ裬ֻҪһ£Ǿ̳ȥЩȫץ˳ĵʲô
ȴֻǿ΢΢üͷû
ȵȫ뿪֮裬ӣղΪʲôǳȥ
ɫЩأҾЩԾ
ʲôԾ׷ʵ
˵ѵûпߵһǲ书ͨˣǵҲʮľɼǳڴһʮֿ飬翳ľ˵ϼпܾԲľĵĶ
ǸҲͲõˣֱӽȥȫ˾ˣ˵
ȴҡҡͷֻҪľģӪΧѵûУǺα·;￳Ҫðűֵķգ˻ȥأ
⻰Ҳ˵ˣȷʵֻΪľͷֺαܵأ
ǽӴô죿ʵ
۲죬ǰЩΪ̽۷Ķһںͷ׼ôãĶһֻܶ࣬һ·Ҫȵˣһ˲꣬һб·ȵ·Ҳжʱ򣬾˵ҪҪĶˣʱٿҲ٣
ͷ̷Ըȥ
迴ŲԶɽ֣ͬҹһͷ̲סճҪʲô
 

İٶʮ 

תʱֹȥˣйƻǵûͣҡ
Ϸ˴ʥּʱ򣬾ͲˣҲûкתļñִոһӰ
ոԭߵﶼǱȴߵﶼܻӭһͷġ
ոոӵĵԣҴңҶ˵
һʼ̫ƻĻʱ߻Щ¸˺Ƥȥˣոڶ˽æ鶼æˣĻʲôԣ
ɾΪûµʱƻȴͻȻ㷢˵ˣ㳨ո⿪ŵİٲ԰ȥ;
ȻΪҪԼȻ֮ԱǣǱϾúոΪУǻ
˵ʲô˼
Ϊľټ᪣ʵ
ҲյҲʮֵķʲô£ǾҪ£˰ˣҲǲ֪ƻĻǺһ׵ģ
˶˵ĸҲùڵģϷ˵ˣһ˻ܷʲôҾͲţƾһ԰ᣬϵˮϴɾˣ
Ļ˵ͷЦһ˵ûڲһˣҲǵǹƥϴɾɣ
˵ǡ˵
ƻѾ׳ˣҲһʲôģʲô鶼õ˴δйкͬУһȷͲҪƻ
˵᪣㲻Ҳյ͹ȥһˣʡĸʲô
üͷȻԸȥʲô԰ᣬҲǣҪﻹܿһ̬˵ͷǰȥһƻƻǵļƻ
תۣ㵽պ԰ᡣ
ڳǽոԺıѾǣոټһվſڣѾȴŲɵĵ
̫һߣûöãѾҡ˹
еǰһٵĸˡ
ٵĸ񶼹ƻжţͱһɻ֪ƻٰⳡĿûô򵥣һ׼þͳõѣȻҪ
ܼһϽӭȥк˸·ȥƻ
ƻͤкŲ裬߹Ͻվӭȥ
ôô죡ƻЯЦ
Ҳ֣Ĵӣôܲȹ󣡡
ƻЦԽǲãϧҽһæǲܹ˼㡣
һôʲôЦŴĹˣûбߵӰ찡
ƻ΢΢һԼǿɲУô˿ҲӰ죬ǲ㲵ģ𣡡
㶣漴Ц
ûбӰ쵽ΪˣЦʵϷôˣ
ƻЦЦĸû£ֻǲԸЩ徲ˣ
˵˵Ҳ治ס̾ϢŮ˼ҵģȴҪһȫ˵ʱͷĶûУ
ƻϵЦ˼֣ͲΪҲˣҿƻòұҳͷ
΢΢ҡͷЩεããմС
ҵȥǰӭˡƻָָϵĺ˵ҸĲ裬š
ͷˣȥɣʡ˻
ƻļ򣬱㳯ǰȥˡ
Ͼ˽˵ٰģΨһˣҪǰӭӱ͡
ڸյǰţѾˣˡ
ƻʮԣֻԵͷ˼䣬
ƻĹϵҲù飬ֻ˵˼仪˴˽ȥˡ
ı㶼ǸҵС㣬ҲƽЯҴģƻϵЦⲻ䣬һһӭ
Ϊ־ʱƻҲǰվһʱ㽫еıͶӭ˽
ƻٵ԰ڵʱԭ侲԰ӣȺѾˡ
ƻЦŴȺɵ棬߽һʼͤӡ
ںͼС˵Ц֡
ƻ߹ȥЩεǵˣôͲһЩ
С㿴̲ȻûжþͶ뿪ˣûöãԭֵͤӣʣˡ
 

İٶʮ 

΢üͷмֲ졣
ƻһ㶼⣬ߣԼһ裬ùǣ徲á
ʱ治֪˵ãǺ˵áӹ̵ò裬ε˵Ҫ鵽ϣѾ˺ˣʲô԰ᣬͶҼˣ
ƻЦЦ˵㲻˵Һͱ˲һ𣿡
һۣ㻹浱ǿأ
ܲأ
ƻȷʵܷɣΪϾʱվԼߣ費Ҫʮֵůġ
ҿǱ˲㣬ѹͲԼε˵
ƻ΢΢¼磬˲֪Щ飬֪ҲΪ鵣ġ
űӵֳһ£ôԼȷʵЩأ
뵽̰һͷЩӰ˵뷨˦Ժ
ûһܣʵ
ƻͷûҲͲµˡ
ҲףúܣһǲԸ˵Ҳ
ƻüӴСʲôʱôƽˣˣ
һ죬յһţҸ˵أ
⻹˵ˣƻһڻڻǰʧˣôҳϹϵ˵һΪԸҳϹϵ
˵ţټҾ˹һţС㣬ǾģӦš
ⲻ˵ˣƻգգۣ˵űùţùټҼкȥˡ
ٵĲţݸǲµĲ࣬ǸŲûа취ֻһšĻ˵ҲֱףһǰΪԺ̫Ҫֺðͽᣬڲǲ̫ҪõŮѡ
ƻţЦŵݸ
ͷ꣬ƻЦʲôʱѷշˡ
⻰ҪǸ˷ղʰ㣡ƻţۺ÷Žŷ˵
һմСҵɽˣѧ״ǲǣ
ƻһͷӱ﷢һǵСģʵڿֱӹȥ
ƻȻֲ֣Ҷֻ̫ڷŤŤȥǿţ͹Ц
ЦһһֹסЦ⣬ײײĸ첲˵ģԺô찡ټûϸ˻飬Ժ˭Ȣ㰡
˭˵ҪˣƻССڵĺŲ裬ٵ˵̫̫׸ռҵķأȲһְٰǮƣռǴѴѵҪ޸ң
ȴһΪ棬˵Ϸôģ
ˣƻҲͲٵɵˣ˵Ҳ֪ոֻҸѾͷǵŮ⴫ڽӴΣˣ̫̫ȷʵôá
ͷҲҸģһŮúҲܶһ棬ռҲִˡ
ĸҲôġƻͷȴһӡ
һ¾ץסص㣬أôã
ңƻһ˵ҼȻռҵŮҲвжΣϷǰңܸҪġ
⻰˼ûЩ֣ץЩʲôģǸҪ˵ͱһˣѿüǱ߿ȥͿ˹׷׸
Ҳվתͷһۻŵƻ΢΢üϽһѣʾϽվ
ƻȴɺԼĲ裬һҪվ˼ûС
ӣԼĶ̫󣬷˵ע⣬ֻǰվվ˵
ƻůЦ°ĻˣĵվҲûӭȥ
⿴վˣһ΢ãһΪǰ˿ʵ
Դӽ԰ӣѰƻӰһ£ҪȻûӭԼʮ
߹һ۾ͿͤվţľͷһƻɫЩڣѾߵǰˣѵӭ𣿣
ҪʱƻȴͻȻһЦر˹˵ƻ̫ӵ밲û뵽̫ӵСŮٲ԰԰
ЩͷˣȴҲʲô
 

İٶʮ 

ᪿƻӣһȫؿڣʵû˵
ƻЦݲ䣬˵¿վˣЩͤһɡ
áһҪһ˿Цȴʧˣ΢΢ЩŢ߽̌ͤ
ƻҲ˽ȥȫǸոձ˻ˣӱ᪶Ҫݡ
ԭΪһϷ˳ʧˣƻʵ׽͸ˣһ㶼Ӱ죬һϮȵΣȴеһ㣬ЩԻͶԲϺš
ѾһСĴڴԵһˡĻ飬൱ڰˣǵ޳һ䣺ô顣Ҳʲô飬ôЦӭأɫлżģ
ԭȼյİ֮꣬һˮ׸Ϩˡ
ҲȥԳˣЩоͨ͸ˡƻЩȷʵƣҲ᪾ͺö٣ϾԳʱôΪƻһ¡
ƻһزҲ᪲޹ϵֻǺһ׮׮һ£ôҵ᪶ƻ̬ȣ˵ƻĲǡ
˻飬һҲ᪶ƻ̬йأѵûйϵǲġ
԰ֻһֵˣֻۿƻ᪵ı֣û˵С
֮ͤƻ˻һ裬˵԰вȸʲôĵط¶
ۿ޷ȥæѣٱǰź򣡡
ƻԭҪ˵뿪ģôһ˵ƻˣЦ˵Ůûʲôæ飬ĿˣŮȻҪ̺ǡ
ӣ᪸ԱߵҲһļƤ񣬸Ͻ˵ȥתһתͲ̺ˡ
ᪿһҲЩӡ֪ƻĺѣ˵СҲһɣ̴ӡ
ƻʵЩŹԼΪҲЩˣ˵ǺãŮȸˡ
Ȼ뿪ˣǿƻµģͻȻԸԼǰΡ
ô°ղˣ
뿪̰֮ͤһͷԼؿ˵
㻹˵˭ôҪԼߵģƻһ˵
ԩ㻹˵ǸգվԱ߶Ҫסˣ¶ˣ㻹Ҫ˸ʲô
Ҿƻһ
ˣմС㣬ҲСˣܱܲôˣ
ˣˣ߶߶ˣǵˣ⻰ԽԽˣƻ˵žʹӽ˳Ȼ˶ôҪкôˣܲܰ;ʧˡ
ЩŭѾͷʲô˼
׷ҪƻˣƻĹܼһ۾ͿƻϽ˹ɷı黻Цݡ
ƻ̿ЦһſŹܼʵôˣ
ܼҵЩᣬСˡ
ʲôƻɫǱô
СˣСҲ֪ô£ǹȥɣܼ˵
ƻЩ£˵ȿ˵ôأɱ嶯
ƻȻǳ嶯ˣֱֻ˴ӱͱһӵĸо̾ٴıҲԼ׳ոΨһĽͣϷġ
Ϸ˲֪һжҪôԼң
ұ˵һ䣬һͻЦЦʾģȻߺ͹ܼ뿪ˡ
һת䣬ƻͿʢװ磬ͤи밲
ϵ·ĻþʹˡǽѡǸʽҲڴ·һеȷɾϷˣ
߬߬ΪŭЩָҧҧǴ˼Ц˹ȥʵôˣ
̿۵⣬ǲ˵ĸڸ̫ˣ㡣
ƻ۽΢΢Щ鶯Цⲻ䣬ԭתͷ˵ø̫ͶԵƻҪкĿˣ̫̺ɣ
⻰ǺһȻе⡣ƻ̫ӻԼˣΪʲôú̫ȴһֱͶԵԾ£
 

İٶʮ 

ƻĻǵûзʲôԣһ̫˵ŮԸ̺̫ӵ¡
ģ˭ỳ̫ӵʲôϵ
ȴˣֻǿһ̣תƻʲôͶС㲻żΣͶԵ
ƻЦЦǳŮ˵ˣͶԵͶԵ
һ񶨣õζ˷Ǹ̫ΰˡ
̿ƻ˵Цģֲζˡ
ЩȻڽУʲôʲô֪ϴȻûаƻŪƻѾ˻ˣĻˣֻҪܰסͻп̫֮λ
֪Ҫһ԰ᣬΪոĶСΪʲôμӣѰϷԼ
Ϸ˸ճԹ緹ͨ˵Ѱˡ
˹ȥͿһ籣̾ڵϿޡ
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ƻҲżгһͨɫذףȥԳ˶֪ʱ͸ƻǰѡ
 

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˵Ȼ΢΢һ䣬˭û뵽ƻȻһġ
ȻҲû뵽΢΢һ㶣Ƕƻ̾ع߻ƻģû׼˵׿Ǹ͸ģô͸Ͳ˼𣿡
ƻЦЦ˵ƻȻ㲻ϾӣҲôӲĵذ׻͸Ů̧̫ٳŮˣڳŮУذԭڵµġ
᪺ܾ裬Ĺά֮£ҲЩƮƮȻҲ¶ֵ⣬ϵĳף˵Ҫ˵ףȷʵѾǺܾˣһӵȵذ㽻δҲ̫ˡ
ƻҪһ̨£˵ôأ£ȻǳŮҡ
᪱ͺĶֱĻҲ¶˼Ц⣬˵ƴǾ̫СˣǾͶлСˡ˵ƻ΢΢֡
¿ˡƻ΢΢Ƿӣǻ
׵ӣЦΪöô
ƻ˿ﵶǿЦһ˵ǲ֪ŮѵͳΣ
һҲܸȤ׷׵
ѵȷʵǺܾޣǰذ׼Ȼõĳ֣ȻҲʲôƷȻ⵶ֱնˣЩ˼
Χ᪵ɫ漴ֺƻСʲô˼
ƻϽһ޹˵Ůûʲô˼ֻһ˵ֻû뵽ҾȻôȤ
ϴŭ⣬۵Ҳ͵ȥвġ
ƫ˵СеĵǾ޽е̶ַ̬ȣضվһϯ֮ءǳѾõذףαԻѵãҲʷѵͲС˶ҵȼʶʶ
˵֮Ҳвٸ͵˭´󣬱ϾڣԺҪ׷Ҳֻǵͷ񡣲ھһ׶ӣֻռҹȨٴֻҪռҲΣ
ôϵռҵˣڳٶۣҲԼƻļˣʮŭ޲ھͽɱˡ
Ҳ룬ṵ̂ĻƻƵõ
ʢȴ¾볼ŮԱԣǳŮոնĵѾõĳƻҲЦ˵
һֱվûгͻȻ˵̫ӵ֪׵ʦС˵ʦ棬ȻǸţȴΪ˼Ҳеĳ衣еӣֻҪıȱ١ĹӱԣС˵ļ֮ԣҲЩ
⻰һ䣬˱пʼ֪ʷˣôһ㣬ʦҲʦʦ塣˵ȷʵôһ˼ʷ͢׷ɱսС
ΪȷʵƷǵǵĳ֮󣬱㿪ʼΪƳ硣
ƻҲм⣬ǿһģ֪²٣Ҳȷʵû׵飬ô˵Ͱ׽ˡ
һι£ѱ˴ɫʣҪ߽Ȥ͸ˡ
ȻһˣҲõɨҵˣοȷʵһС飬ǴȥΪûѱײл˵⽭ȴΪֱԵ飬еĺ֮ˣ֪Ҫα
Ҳﻢ£ֻҧҧŬװһȵģЦȻҶô棬ǾͱԱԣôҿ۽磡
ĻǼ⣬˵ķӦʮֵҡ
 

İʮ 

ȻӮҾƻˣܽΣǶܡһս
ȻƻĿģǲѳĸ᪣ҲΪѵǿʲô̶ȡ
õĺô࣬Σѵһ࣬ԾҪȥˣڼһδдɫʵıԺ͹£ĳɾ;Բʦ֮ˡ
ԣȻȥǰذ׽Ǹ󺺣֮ǰһ˫ֳգƻеĵײ
ƻһͺȣ
㼤ҵײһ༤ҵײ˵񾭶
Ϊ󺺺ƻȫҵײ̵
ƻһЩĵվסˣɫףŵҲЩȴذѾ֣ڳѪ
ɼõ֮󣬵ƻʤһǶԱ˵Σ˶ƻı
Ȼĵ׽Σ̴᪵ܹȥذ׼˹ʸ᪡
ƻҲƽ˫𵶣ߵǰŵߺȶԡ
Ҳ׷ϯ˹Ҫ뿴
ѱһţϸ֮£һࡣ
֮ϣײĵطֻһԵĻۣذ׵ķ֮ȴѾһܴĻڣذ׵Ǻƻһĸ֣ذ׻Ҳնϣ
һ߿ţҲʮֵļȻֱӸƻˣлӵ֮ûӣ±ضڶĲܾĴıһѩ֮ܣ
úõôʲô˵ƻЩõ
ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷӲףһֱѵɱػġʦѵۣıȴƳ磬ĳ裡ʦҲǺ޶ս֮ҷʦǰ־ȹͣȴһ룡
˵ۿҲ΢΢һ죬ججȴһܵĳģʦʦʹͬܣ׳ģһ棬еļмȻ޷
ڵؿһ£֮ûһĸԸԺؽЧӣ
ƻüͷ΢΢һ壬ϽĿֻоһߣδΪռҵĻţԼЧҡ
ȴײĽշˣȴЩԸϾʶĲܣռңԲһ¡
Ѿˣɣƻż䵭ЩȲ˵ȰǷҵǮһ˵
ԭ׳־Ƶ˲Ϩˣӣ㿴⵶ֵ٣ٸһ㡣
ǰתÿֵķ׷׺Цȴ״ƻһȵ뷨ЧҵģԾ¶ôҲˡ
ɳһҲЦģֻ俴ƻָĳףС㣬ô㣿
ƻЩĪĿʲô˼
ʲô˼᪼˵˱ĳףѵΪˣ
ƻ΢΢üͷдż⣬˵ⳡǽԣȻսأӮԸ˶ҪԼеοֻǻ˱أ
㣡ŭ˭˵һˣ
ƻ꣬ȵʦذ׺ĵĸ뿴ҲĽȻǽԣ
ǿʶŭе
ƻΧܵ˵λܸƻ֤ʱԵĿѵ𣿡
Ȼû˵ʲôǳĬѾõĻشˡ
һԵ̵ߣǸҪ˵ȴվʹһ£һģֱ˵᪵ϣֱײ˳׵ڵϡ
ʹһ˭ȻƱС㣡
ƻһ۳üסЦ⣬ŵϵ̣ôôСģѵµذ׶ײˣȻȱһӣҲǵϲذװ
Ҳ˲ϵʹΧĳЦ˿ֱߵĳףϽվݸһԵ᪣ֺõ˵̲ǹģ̣ذף
ᪿһѾϵذףƻǾ˵ϲذףֻʮֵĴ̶һ۳׶ԸˣֻǵƻһۣӶûӣֱӻ뿪ˡ
£ذף׷˹ȥ
ƻЦЦæҪ뿪ˣСŮͣǾɣߺһϲˣ
˵ҲףƻȻϺͷϸ꣬ȴѾ̫Ե˼ôԷûжñ׷ҽڸˡ
ƻҲ⣬ЦŽһһߡ
 

İʮ 

Լ˻оӪأŪʯ֬ˮ;ǵĿģܱѪУõķ
ǰʵЩġǻǲͶϣҪЩס
ȴûзĵǣǳĿʼ졣
Ը䵭˵䶼һܵĵõԷӦȴ˿⣬ֿʼոûдţƤ
⸱ģ綼üͷ˵һôӸȱƵģǸոͶϵģôҪܽҪȻȥˣǻĻڣһ·ģֻҪûӱĻԣҲɻء
ɫҲмأǶףҲϤ¶š˶٣ҲǱôûӣѡͶϣ˵ɵ
˵䣬Ѿ·ʼװ
˶æţûпմ㳯߹˵ӣֵҲ̫˵ˣһ·ϣҲ
㲻ǷͲˣƲƲ졣
˻һ˵ôôǷأһ裬ΪɵебӺߣ
һ浱㣡
˵ţİڿҪ
ˣûʱ󣡡
񿴵˲ûƣֻ˵䰡Ҫµģ
㻹˵ң΢ŭͷβûŮƵô飬˭֪㵽Ӫػ᲻ǵļƻҲȫ³ȥˣ
ʱŭС˵ŮҲͰˣȻҺӣҸ㣬ӻΪ飬ϲѹûϵС֮ĶӾ֮
ֿ裬֪ǸģŲҡһұǲǣ㲻͸ҿñӰ
治ɵ֪Ȼô˵϶Ҳô˼ԱֱӸˡ
迴˹Ҳǲ㣬ֻ¹شұأ
͵Ļӻ֣ҾͿЩ˵ôơҪǿһ࣬˵ˣ˵ԼҲ飬ɴתƻ⣬ӣ֪㵣ʲôҸ㽻ףʲô治֪ǲһˣҶ֪Щ˶ͨģϱ߸ôҲֻϱ֪ô¡
˵ģһװ׵ġЩˣҴ߶ˣҿ϶㲻֪ӪͷжٲԸ˵ˣһȥһ߷ˣʱǧĸڻ£ӦϣҾͲŸɲǹӣ
㻹ǱŪô󶯾úڵˣ̲סһ߸ˮ
Ϻһָŭ㿴ˣҿѾˣ
Ƴһ磬ȷʵˣ
ǣ̵ͷȴ̲סƲ죬ò˾˵ˣ
תͷ˵ĿǰŪǵĿĲҪģѹ󡣡
ûôˣʹӦ
ҿȷʵһˣȻû·˼ȴϸ塣ҼȻҪ㣬Ҳ˲ɣ˵ͽȥǲҪ¡Щ̽ɱǺ֣õϱãҪԼǿͷ
ǳûƢˣŶã˾͸ĵķƵģƢ͸ˣټһ˲ɣɾǸӢӣʲô
ӷģ㽻Щ¶ˡҲǳԹģһΣţƢ̵ʱһס˵ĻҲԲ˵ҵĺϢɣؿ˵
Ҳ˵ͷѾܸˣҲͲ˵ˡ
ѽ˵˵ɣһ·ЩұˣϽ˵ʲôҪģûˣ͸˵˵ôطģУô֪˳Ĳֻľô򵥣
תߣѾˣµҲҪ
ӣ߰͸ҽ£ôʶʲأ
磬㻹Ǻһܰɣε
һԾԾѽ˵ˣҪǴСɲܹң
˵Сԣ
Ӵô׻˿ˣ˵ʲôˣɾͲСˣ
ССܱڵĸ̿ƵģĻƵĺã
ѾԶˣ˵õĴһܣô˳һܡ
 

İʮ Ե

ٴ˶ܿƻǳװ᪸ˣٿǸûһģ߸ǲ֪ǸǸ˵
ǿûռôļ£ƨɵ¾͸һȫסˣ׷ˡ
Ҳ̫æϾռҲõοһࡣ
Ǻѹ˲Ÿ˳԰ӣƽʵ࣬Цˡ
һĹԭֵ԰ӺܿͿֻʣռֵܺ
˵һûõĲ˾ͲҪˡƻԽ˵
ĿӾûͣЩ˿ǸմСʡǮ
ԱߵЩֹǰƻݣҲ˵ֻ̫࣬˵ƻãҸҲȥˡ
ƻͷлλˡ
ЦӦõģѾͷöûнйˣէ
忴һۣҲֻǸŵ˵ͷ
ǳƻ̶֮˵ܽǲ̫嶯Щ
˵⻰ҵЩˡЦЦҲӦðƻ𣿡
һȻҪȴͷ񣬽Ҳǣȥ
⻰Ҿ͸ˡɻûУǲͷ˭ܳ뱾ұһپһ𣬽㲻ͷ̫ҲɫֺαСأ
һѾڳΪ٣Ȼں̫Ӻͻϣͬţ
Լ磬ȻһˣĿҲʵ̫ˣֻ˵ȥģֻ˵ǾĴˣǱȥĸ˵
ϸ˵Ļܸýȥġ
ȴ˼ӵŭ˵֪ĸϲ㣬ҲĸϲΪȥẦ
˵˦뿪ˣվԭصȴʮֵΣ΢΢ҡͷǸȥ
԰Ѿʼʰˣƻ;㷹ҲƲͤлǺȲ衣
ǵأóٿŲӿƻ˵
ƻЩЦѵݸ˵Ǯ
ԣӹ̫ˣ˵㽾ݣûְôᣬߵɣ
ƻüҸ㿴㻹˵ģ˵ǲԣ
һ߶ŵһ˵˵ģⳡϴĹϵ⽾ݵ߸У㻹ô죡
ƻЦЦİɣҵĶԲѾ·ˡ
·ϣɻĿʲô˼
Űɣ˵ˡƻ˸ӡ
ôصģгģҲˣĵ̾ÿˣܵøȡְɡ͸һһ쵱֡
ƻͷ⵹ûҲ쵶ĽС˶٣⵶ҵĽͣҵĽ֮ƣȡְɡ
ͷüְ
˵һľ䣬һȥңʡ
ƻ̹˵ǾͶлطˡ
˵˵
־ȤͶʱǹúܿ죬ת۱Ѿӽ
żеĺӣ뿪ˡ
ƻѺ齻ܼңԼҲŽ뿪ˡ
ոԽƻɫԽʵڲףϷ˵ΪʲôǷֲ
￴ɫСȥҪϷ𣿡
ƻüͷ׵˼һԼģܵףȻԽԽ󡣡
ô˵ҲԷģûٶԡ
صո֮ƻֻ˸ܿ˸ţֱȥϷ˴
ϷȴԸֻ֣ػ
С㣬Ȼȥɡֿ֣ƻЩ
ƻûУ֣⵽ô£ĸΪʲôԸң
֣̾һСϷˣϷҲΰ
ƻüͷԽԽԽ޷ˣ֪ϷصľռҵѪҲĲȻַӱϷ˾ͷ
֣ĸô
֣̾һأ絹ҲЩǾ񲻴ãܹˡС㲻õģūúչϷ˵ġ
Ǿˡƻ˵Ҳһ߿ĸж︣عõ顣
ֵ֣˵ͷֽ˷䡣
ƻſվһᣬҲŽص˻ӡ
 

İʮ ı

ʱҲĻصոûȥ̽Ϸ˾ֱԼԺӡ
ѾЩսսĸߣһݸС㣬ȿڲɡ
һβˮ̵ϣָ̧СѾһƣС¶ãҪ㻹ʲôãҹȥ
Ѿ۾ͨ죬ʲôҶ˵æ˳ȥ
ֻҪ᪶䵭ģŭͲͣϴܣֱһְϲ߶ɨ˵ϣ
˫ֳϣָսץס
ƻƻĵŮλã˶棡ɱһҪɱ
ʧˣͻȻһ䵭дżּſڴ˹
̿һۣ˼⣬תϣֻҲ£Ҳɣ
˾˽һƬ䣬ƽʱЦӭ˵ģྶͥ
ֱߵ̵ߣƽƽɴżҪܰϣʲôҲˣ
˵̵һۣŭ⹦򣬻ںú뻹ʲô취ֻҪҼ޸̫ӣҪʲôò
еļҲ˷ŭ취Ҹð취𣿵Ǵΰ˵ȥˣΪӣ޸̫ӣֱ쿪
㣡ȻӵָǶʲô취Ϸǰɻǲϲң
Щ޷޴ˣŭҵģѾܴϷõȨˡϲʲôãֻҪֵĹһ㣬ʲô㣡أΪǰ棬Ȼ׸Ϸ˷ˣΪͲɱ㣿
ΣڶѾˣҲûмҪɱңռҶС㣬ΪѪԲɱҵģ̴˵
￴΢΢ҧҧѹеŭ𣬲ڸ硣̼ȻȡȫûбҪֹֻļƻüĿǰΪֹø̺
ҲЩûõģڼȻѾϷ˳׾ˣھֻܱס̫ôȻԺո
ҲѹŭӻҲҪİ
˵ⲻ˵ֻܱˮһսѾӦңֻҪɱƻռҵŮλãһȢҵģھֻҪһ취
üͷšһ𣬾޴İ취ƻɵʵҪƾһ̾ɱƻֱ췽ҹ̷
һ㶼ƻˣֻҪԸƻͿˡ
ڲֹһ취ƽŲͷ˵
ȴִΪɱƻѾûбİ취ˣ
̲סŭܲ˵꣡
ã˵ûڰ֣ҾͿ㻹ʲôİ취
һ˵գһֱڰ̲ҵС֣˵龸ʦһֻ֣Ҫϣδ̫
ʲôȴЩţǲԴˣҲţôֻƾһ־ȷ̫ѡأ
˱۾ŬӸ͵һֱ龸ʦʮأǵɶƻʱҲ龸ڻͻȻƻ˵һʲô飬龸һ˷ǳáӦþ˸ʺ̫ѡ֡
˵꣬ҲЩȷˣŽɵȷ𣿡
ʵѾˣƶѾ֪˾֣Ϸ˺ƻҲ⣡˵
üͷҲһϢҲʲô취
Ѿ̳ʧȥڴֻü˵ֻҪ֪֣Ȼ˵ĲͿˣ
ʲô̽еҲð𣿺οֲֶסˣ
̲סŭͲܶ𣿸С˵ֶֻҪǸеˣ˭֪ô
ǲˣԵϣأҲŭﶼ֪ʲôӣʲôʱġϷ˺ƻһҴҵģ
Դֱһ裡ǷŭԼ룬ðϱˣ۾ռҲܵǣǷǵҴ㣬뾡ְ취ڣ̫֮λʱֿɵã
 

İʮ 

Ļ̵ҲһѾ˾޴ĿϲУû˵Լ޴
뵽Ƿƻһ
ǳ֪˭˭һأ
˵̫ʱôУ
¶Ц⣬˵Ĳ̫һҪۣ
ЦһΪ⣬ֻ˵ڱӣϷһ겻ȥҲãȥ׻Ҳã֮ҪһҪ֪֣
˵ҾԲôõĻģź⣬һۣûȻȥɣԺôĿŵңʡı˻ɣ
Цһ˾׵һߵ̬ϰΪֻ棬ĻˣڶѰңΪǻȵɱƻʱ𣿡
̵ӵͺݶ϶΢΢Ťѣ
һ£ڲȥϷƻģߵſתͷ˵˵ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ϣƺѾǣһ߽ʹľдҰģζҪ֡
һת۱죬ƻÿ춼ճȥϷȻϷɲˣ֣ͨ˽ϷճϢȷ
죬緹ͰܿһȥϷ밲δ߽ԺӣϷԺЩ֡
һ߽ȥͿһɣͷɢϻһϷ˵ǰధš
⸱ģƻͰܿһ񣬲ֵ֪һ
߽ƻʾվһһ޿κεֹ֣
ʵô£
ֿ֣һ̣żֲͺΣСˣҪϷ˵ԭ£Ϸ˸ͲԸﳤˡ
ƻһЦεĻȥˣ
ϽŪ߰ɣǳϷķܿ΢üͷ˵
֣޿κΣūҲȰˣǲ
⻹˵ŻҲǵĴڣȻֱת˸ӣһ˵ǵĽűߣţˣ㣬Ǹĸɣ֪ˣǲĸԭ£̾͹ԭΪֹ
ܿҲ¶ֲͷα󳳴ֳɺͳοϷôúϢ
֪ԼƽԷ˶в˵Ǹ˰̰ɣ̲ТĸĻڹˣֻϣĸԭңȴûܿ˵ʲôһں
ƻüͷĸҲʲô룡Ҫĸԭ㣬͹ԹԻȥЩ۶ˣ
ɹڵϣǿȴС˺ܶ࣬ѵĶԣֻҪ뵽ĸҵҾʳԳߣֻй
һϿҵģƻЦٹһѰܿһѯ֣Ϸ˵ȥˡ
Ѿըˣȴһں޵ģڵɿţѾٴ󳳴ˡڷ˶Ѿ֪ˣҲûбҪˡ
֪Ϸް֮ƻһ֮󣬱Ͱֻܿص˻ӡ
ںֶܼãҲںϷջ᲻ԭֻ֪ʲôĿģ
ת۾͵ϣȴϷǰţһǵˮδȷʵʮֵĳֿ
ƻеľȴˣΪ̵УЩһʱҲ벻ԭ
ڶһ磬ӽ֪̾Ȼһϡ
С㻹תˣȻôãǾ̾
ȴһ㶼ãתԣжͼ
ⲻǷϻһۣҿǱ˽С㣬ôĿĲŵ𣡡
Ҳһۣתͷƻ˵С㣬˵ʲôĿģ
ƻ΢΢ҡͷһʱҲ벻ףϷõʲôʵǱʲô˵𣿡
˵ǰȥһΣ⼸һֱУҲ֪ģҲûʲôرģ˵
ƻ˵ͷƻû׼ģҪ޷ǾǼ޸̫ӣҲܴеĵõЩô˹ᵽһûʲôֵġ
Ҳ˵ͷǾҪ޸̫ӣϷ˴аæɣŻôҪϷԭ¡
 

İʮ ̬

ƻ˽ĵ˵ͷһЦҺϷ޸᪣ʵںʲô۶Ҷˣ޾ͼ޺ˣ
ϷǱҪǲɿڣǲܼ޸᪵ġ˵
㱿С˼ھͿϷ˵̬ˣҪϷ˻Ҫά̣¾ͳɲˡҪǲ˹ˣӦҪ˶þͻԭ̣Լļƻˡ
ƲƲ죬űأ˼˵ҪҪаһѣ̼޸ˣԺҵˣҲԣ
һ˵С㣬⻰Ҳûеʵ̫С㲻簵аһˣ
ƻȴ΢΢ҡͷʲôɻǲһȤûУΪݺʲô˼ԭҵֻҪϷʱȡ
Ѿ߻һۣƻĴûа̷ŵһʼͰֵԼϣֻΪϷһֱάˡ
˵ƻѾϴãѾȥ˰ܿУһ緹
Ÿոճһ룬СѾ߾˽˵εˡ
ƻĵĺʵ
Ϸ˷Ϸ˻ȥ˸ҽѾ˵
ƻͷ֪ˣȥɡ
ƻɺܵ˵ϷȻ뷨ĸ㲻ùϣЩ԰ɣճȥĸ밲ˡ
ܿ΢΢ĵͷȷʵûкòĵģԷɡ
˺ܿͳ˷ֱȥϷԺУ·˴Ϸĸҽ
ˣС㡣λҽԶ
ܿλʵСôˣ
Գ˵Сֻ̫ûгԶˡΪ̫ãϥҲЩˣĵûд󰭡
ܿͷ˱ãλࡣ
ҽ뿪ˡ
޻ȥˣܿЦһ
ƻЦЦû˵ֻǷŰܿĸ첲߽Ϸ˵Ժӡ
ߵſڣѾȴûǽȥֻ˵ȥͨһ
ܿƻһۣѾ¶ֲá
ƻԵ֣ĸҲǲС
ܿɫźÿЩɲ׸ǽжû˵ʲô
ûãֱ֣˳ƻͰܿҲЩÿڵӡ
ĸ˵ʲôֵ˵޷ƻЦ˵
֣˵Ϸ˵˺ʹСȻȥʱվͲ밲ˣΪСҪˡ
ܿɫ̳סеŭû˵
ƻϵЦ⵹ûб䣬֣˵ã֪ˣĸԼ塣
ūתġֿ֣һ۰ܿҲЩΣתȥˡ
ƻͰܿҲ߳ˡ
֣߽䣬ϵϷ˵˺ʹСѾȥˣ˵塣
Ϸ˵ĵ˵ͷתͷϻڻ˯̣òſڣ˵ǲˡ
Сĵġָ֣Ͻ˵
ϷЦЦףѹûа̵ǻŵϹ̵ĿģҵĿģҲ⡣Ļһ䶼˵ԼѾµҪʲôˡ
ֵ֣̾һΪСùˣûбҪ𡣡
ҲΪˡϷֿɬЦЦȻվ˵˺źŰɣϥ˵ҲС¡
ǣū֪ˡ
Ϸ˵ͷ֣ߵ䣬Ҳûпһۡ
ش𻪷ӵİܿڲѹԼŭǹôһ죬͸жˣȥ밲ǱŮǲǣ
ˡƻϽһˮ
ܿƻüͷľһ𣬡ƻģĸ׾Բƽίģ
嶯ûԼίˣҲ˵׸һϵûУҲĸŮĸϧҲûʲôƻ˵
ܿ鲻˵ٵģӹĲ豭һڣŭ˵ʲôϧҲǸƷУֵϧĵط𣿡ֿƻƻǧҪΪţҲǸջʱǰԮˣϷǰǲ٣ЩΪռ˶٣ǻҲûˡ
û£ƻЩε˵ĸһ䣬鲻ǶҪˣϷһ˴ͺˡò˶ãǾϷ˵ˡ
ȷʵ飬ܿҲ̾һȻˣǾͲˡ
 

İʮ 

Ժ̳˻·⣬ѾָˣȴҪΪϷ֮ԺĿȻǲԶˡ
̴ʱڳѾ߰ʢãĵͷȥɡ
ѾСĵĶ
ס˭㣬㶼Ҫ԰ȻҪÿֲתͷ
Ѿ߸Ͻͷū׵ġ
ŵ˵ͷһ֣߳֡
֣ЩĿһۣС㣿úϢôˣ
֣֡Цºͣʱ䶼ΪңĸҲԲãҿ࣬԰һЩȡ
ֿ֣˿ѾͷŵЦЦĿһ̣СˣϷ緹ԵЩ٣ūʲôʡūĹ򡣡
˳Ļ˵ҲǿĸԵЩˣзͶˣҪ
ֵ֣˵ͷǿϷ˶˹ȥѣˡ
һڿ𾭵Ϸ˷е飬ʵʲô𣿡ֿ̣岻ǻôúϢ
ҲһֱϷ˵ķУõò࣬ᵽƫȥˡ
Ц˵ҵѾõĲˣֻĸϳԵЩ٣ȥ˵ĸ͹
˵ţӹѾŵϷǰϣƿ˸ӣ˵֪ĸϲĶͰЩɡ
Ϸ˿һ۰ɫˮŲʲôǼֻк嵭Ҳûоܾ
ûо̸ܾʢһСݸ
Ϸֽ˹ͷţӺһڣʿʮˬϵҲչˡ
ˡһ˵ʵ֪ⲻһȷʵûмƽЩԭͲҪ顣
ЦĸϲУĸˣŮҲʮֵǸΣֻҪĸԸ⣬Ůһĸ
ϷЦЦģҾͺܸˡ˵űѾȾ롣
״ٸʢһ롣
Ϸȴ΢΢˰֣ҲǺܶһ͹ˡ
˵ˮҲʲôĸٺһɡ
ū澶ģϷ˶ģⶼǶСһƬТģϷ˲źôһ֣һ˵
̿һۣҲûǿ˵ȻŮҲͲǿˡֻҪһТģϷ˲Ҳûʲôν
˵Ůģɫãĸȥһɡ
֣Ҳһ˵ǰϷҲʵڷˣȥɹɹ̫Ҳܾһ㡣
Ϸ˿һ߾ɫǿ˵ͷȷʵڷ̫ˣȥҲá
Ȼʮָˣֶ֣˵Ҳһȥɡ
֣ЦЦūҡ
Ȼһ˱뿪˷䣬԰ȥǰ·ϣͻȻһ
ôˣϷתͷʵ
ԼĶ׹˵ҵĶ׹ǻʺ͸ҵģɲܶ˰
Ϸ˿һһֻĶ䣬˵ʲôʱ򲻼ģ
Ҵӳ뿪ʱ򶼻еģôͻȻˣ̸Ͻ˵
֣ҲͷҲǵõʱС϶׹Ŷ׹
żϷû̫ȥɣû׼͵·ˣҪôҵԺǼһġ
˵ôأĸò׳һ䡣˶˵ɣ֣ĸһ䣬ҺѾ߻ȥһңҵˣ̾͸ϻ
Ϸ˲ûлشֻǳĬĿ
̱Ŀ⿴ķŵʱϷȴƿĿ⣬ЦЦҲãҺ֣ǰͤеǡ
̵˵ͷ˵ãĸԵȣ
ϷЦЦĿ뿪תͷһ֣֣˵˰ƻйҰɡ
ֵ֣ͷϷ˲ģȻѾϷҲסġ
ͨˣ㲻õңȥɡϷ˵
֣תͷ岻ԶѾ֣ȥƻ
ƻϷȥʱ򣬵Ҳûò죬ֻǻһ·Žȥ˻԰
ϷѾͤб˲ˮĵˣ߹̳Ц֡
ƻҲûнٵЦţǰ񣬲˵ĸ仨԰
Ϸ˰£Ц˵ҵҲرֻǲҪҳ
һʵְ֣ɡƻװЦ˵һڷƻˣһġ
 

İʮ Ѱ

ֻ֣һЦţûлشĻ
Ϸ˿װɵҲ⣬ֻЦ˵ڷȷʵ˼ˣ֪ߵĻˡ
ǰⴺĺܿ죬߼ֱһһƻ˳Ļ˵
Ϸ˵ͷԹԵ˵⼸ԼҲͨ˲٣һŻЩĸо
ĸİԼ̫ˡƻҲס׷ʡ
Ϸ֣ƻʱίˣж︣⻰˵һ㶼û뷨̫ˣҪҲ̫ˡ
ĸô˵ƻίֻҪĸܺƻˡƻ֣΢΢̾һ˵ĸҺĸҲܵģҪһҪչ˺Լ壬Ƕϣܽġ
ϷЦģһҪƻأ
ĸô¡ƻװһߵģת˻⡣
Ϸ˱ҲСˣȻøϽҲûлԼˣ߲֪ŶҪȢأƻ֣е˵ƻĸһ䣬ǲʲôõģٺҲȲռҡֻҪҸƷò䣬̫ģ׸ռԺռҵļٸĸӣռҿ֦ɢҶ
ƻ񺹣̲ס˳ӣ˵ĸҲһԸ׸ռɣϾ
ôܣƾļòôûԸ׸УЩԣ飬㲻ǶѾ𣡡ϷһԺ˵ŰɣʱҲҪԴҪ׸ո
ƻʵЩΣЩΪʲôѻתƵϱһˣЩ̫żˣӦôѺ᪵ĻԼԼôһϡ
µ飬ƻȫƾĸֻǣĸҲָ֪ĻǺܺãǵŮٳɻɡֻ˵
ϷϵЩȴˣƻĸ֪һģҲܲռңڵҲռΨһϣ
ûе˵꣬ƻͷס֣˵ĸģһֱǵãûĸûнңԶᱳĸĸԸҲһɵġ
ȴֲһ䣬ѡһϸļ̳ˣҲռ˥ܡ
Ϸ˵ȻʮοȴЩǣƻ˵ǲᱳռأ
ǿƻϵģǰһ׿ˣЦ˵ĸ֪ѡ˵ġµ飬Ҫǿĸ׺˼һ£ҲȷʵúõĽǾȷһŰɡ
ƻȻ˵ͷ˵лĸ¡
ʲô²£ĸЩӦõġϷЦ˵
˵ʱ򣬶Ϸ˵ķСĵķҡڶ׹ˣϷ˷еѾ߶֧ȥңûԼҪġ
ҪҵģȻǸ˵֡ʵҲȷϸûУΪյϢӦҲ٣ڷ
Ҫƾʵ̫ˣǴ¾˱ˡ
ֱȥϷ׻Ѷȸ߲˵ֱ¶Լ뷨ΣգȥֻܼϣϷûмʱ
ʱѾ˺ܾöûҵѾѾµ˶ڶΡΡ˵С㣬ǻǿ߰ɣ
תͷһۣұ죬ûõĶȥҶ׹ˣҲǸһ𣿸ҿˣ
Ѿ߾ڲԸҲֻܰ˵ֵ̿ĿߣϣϽʹ࣬Ҳ顣
ôһϣҲڻҵѰУ̧ͷ䣬̫žѶŵȥأ
ţƻʲôĻӦûᵽ䣬һϡ
뵽ߵϿʼѰңһһƬֽûз֡
̧ͷĿ䵽Ϸ˴ϣҲûж룬˹ȥһƿͷΪֱ̫ӽ̵Ҳ
΢΢һУȻֻ¶һǣǷһٵĽƵһߣǸ񣬹Ȼпյġ
ָ׿˿۱߷죬ʹѹѹǶûзӦЩһ£ûʲôüͷ̧ͷײɴϵĺ棬û뵽ǸȻĴˡ
ȻϲʤϽ濴ȥ
 

İʮһ õ

һۿȥ֮жһЩΣɢɢҲкܶƱ
ҧҧû뵽̫Żô˽أ
ЩΣ׵ĺܣЩ䲻ϣԺ󶼻ƻģ
аޣȫװߣҲΪϷ˸˼ֻûһġ
Ƿ˷ûҵҵһ˱
˷һЩոճ֧һģҪǰܸȤ̸ͲȤַ˷Ҫ¡
Ҫطŵʱ򣬾Ȼһ۵ֽƬĶһϲĶһ֣óּƻģ
ס˵Ҫеĳ嶯ٰѴָ̻ԭӣϸ鿴˷ϸڣȴû©֮󣬲Ŵɫ԰׵Ѿ߳˷䡣
ӻó׹ϣһѾߣȥ֪ͨҵĶѾҵˣǲˡҲøˣӣһϷ˿ߣ
ѾֻظӦһǾ͸Ͻ뿪ˡ
һ·԰ȥ
ͤڵϷ˺ƻʱϵЦôһĹ򣬶Ҫƻй
Ϊ̫һҪϷ˿˭ֵŮ
ȻԹһЦݲ˹ȥĸҵĶ׹ҵˡſƻһ㣬ЦЦҲڰ
Ϸ˿һֻۣд˷ܺ͵ģ˵ʧֻӦһԺҪôĴˡ
ƻȥ֣еľ˱ֽ֮˳ַŵ˱ȻҲûдҲûйܡ
ӣѾҵҪĶ
ƻȻҲ̵ܿĸˣһϷˣһǸҪĶʲôһǺ᪵Ļйء
ЦЦϷȷʵѾͨˣ׷ԼġҸˡ
ӺЩôôͳ߶ˣЦʵ
ҲЦЩѾúܶˣĸһ仨԰˭ʺ͵Ķ׹ˣոǻȥˡ˵ֿϷ˵ĸҵģȻķ
Ϸֵĵͷˡ
һᣬ˵һЩ̲ĻϷ˱˵Щˣǻȥɡ
Ҳൽ˳緹ʱ򣬽ĸ԰ɣվȥ
Ϸ˿һֻۣǵ˵ͷֿƻ˵ҲȥԷѣó㰮ԵĲ˶ȥ
лĸƻЦǷǷӡ
Ϸ˷һѣҪлңͶԵ㣬ҿˡ
ĸˣҿ֣˵ûкúóԷƻЦ˵ʱҲûθڣ½ҽ㿪һҩŸңһȥ˸ĸθ
ϷӦãŴŬάЦݵ뿪
ƻ˵ıӰţ̽Ҷ׹һǻȥʲôˣϷʲôôҪҪģ
ͻȻһ뵽Ҫ޸ĽݾʲôǸ֣üë΢΢һǸֻ̲࣬ǲҲһעأ
С㣿վﲻͽһ
ƻתͷһۣЦոϾϲˣ
Щףƻ󣬲ߵ˻ӲȻӦС㣬˵̣
ŷӦƻбۿһۡ
ȴԹ˷ܵһֲ֣СһֱżʵһϵϷ˻ͬ᪵Ļǲǣ㲻ܲʵľҪϷԼþһϵûУԺˣҲԹֲСͷϣС̫ˣ
ˣƻЩЦõĽһ˵˵Ҳעⳡϣʲôܻȥ˵
ϽסԼ죬˿û˲һƻͷū֪ˣЩ̫˷ˣ
ƻһ˵ȥ֮óһҩŸĸ͹ȥú˵ʱ䶢ǸҾ֪ϢѲ˸ϵ
ǣӦһ
˵ЩƻЩͷˣǰʱ԰֮ǣҲûʲôøСһⰵ̣
ĿʲôأѵǲģͰܿĸλãҪ̼޸᪣ûһ
 

İʮ 

ԴǴ˫˫֮ƻѾδͨţ˵ѶϢȴһ̶ûͣ
֪֪ڻҲ֪Ϊ̺Ϸ˲ַ硣
ʱյϷѾҪ̼޸ϢʱǰƺܿǹЦģ̲סһЦ
ʲô𣿡ȻûдǵЦ⣬ʵ
һۣ䵭ʲôϵ𣿡Ȼ˫΢΢һУǲ֪ڽϢ
Ȼ֪ǹЦԼᵽ˽Ϣ绹ǸϽʵнʲôϢ
迴һţװڿϵݣȻ˵ƻ˵۽ôã׵ͣѾ˵һˣ
ʲô˰˶ȣŭ˵ѵûиС˵ҶԽ𣿣
跴ʣ˵𣿡
ݺһԼĶͷϵı˫ֳʸ裬ӣڣھдŸС㣬ǧ˵£ٵȵңҾ͸ˡ
ôеӣʵûбסһӾЦ
Ѿ֮ǰ˵ŲɣЦҲûзӦһĪĿٴߵЦϽд¹һӵ飬ҲҪС˰ɣھ顣
꣬ùʣһԴҲұ𣿣
˵ˣ˵ˣϽϴҪжˡ
ӣŭðһŰŵϣ㿴ҵӣͷңΪʲôܻȥдһţ˵أԼҪĶ֪Լȥȡָ˭ȡ!
ӵվȵ˳죬죬ģҪջҧҧû˵
ôûǰɣǺɸ֡
翴ıü̴мϣܹӦʡ
ʲô£迴ʵ
˵ϣھеĸܹҲͷȢ
ôǾҵİݶˣü
Ͻ˵ǣȻǣֻС㲻ͬ⣬ϾڵݾǰȻСҪ׾ǰݣôܸȶأ
蹴˹е˵ĵУҴӦ㣬ȥдŰɣ
ӦˣҲԥӦһȥˡ
߳ȥ֮ҲĲڴЦɵôһûˣ뵽ԼϵЦ̵ˣûʲôȡЦ˵ʸ
뿪ûһӵʱ䣬˽
ôдˣЩ⣬Ը񣬱׵ŲӦҪдܾ
翴һ裬ż䵭ŭ⣬ϷŪϷŪôģ¾ͷˡ
ӴˣҲûнƱ磬Ц
Įһŷŵǰ춼š
迴һţϵЦı̱һƬ⣬֮󣬿ϵݣҲԽԽ
ˣҲüͷ춼Ǳ߲ûвõϢ
еţһЦѾעҪͣǽսҸֱͶ
Ҳ̲סЦȻҪֱӷͱˣȻҪͶһ٣
ȻλᣬҳΪȰˣðպ޲ðҴңǹһɫ磬ɭĿ£ΰƫԸҪӮƯƯҪǱͣ
Ҳ˼а˵Ҳȷʵǿһˣ
ŶһߣдžͲˣ˴ϢȥһĻʱһѡᣬ԰СԲʧ
ǣȥ˵
΢΢ҧԭҪŽݾøڿǲˣǼȻɱģǾͲҪҲˣ
ֿ˿ֱƻţʱ㽫
Ҫ˵ĸֶǺεȵĲпᣬֻҪսճѳɶ֣ڿʼҪճսܺ׼
ճѾףǱϾռˣǺԽռңЩӦԲźá
ŴƻѾǵڶ糿֮üͷû뵽ĻһҲᣬԼ۰ĶӣȻɥĲ顣
 

İʮ 

ԽǴȨϲˣϡճ̣һֻܿ棬һ˵ҲΪԼ衣
ƻ̾һһͲҪʲôο
ҪľǺݺݵشǵ֪ģӵģõģ
еţռҵճ˰̣ʱǣǿ϶ģռΨһԼĵǰյ
ȻһǾԲԵġ
뵽̰ѽ˳ʵĽôˣ
˳Ȼ֪ʵʲô˵ȻԤҪһ㣬ѾൽˣϾܽˡ
ƻͷ̫żһҪעⲻܳ©ǰҪͻȻܸһߵһҪжף֮ͻжף
ǣסᶨĵͷ
ڶһ磬ָ˵˶Ѿˡ
ƻһ˿裬ã뿪ʼж
˵ڶ磬񶼼˶˵˽ʮˣĵҪƻ
ϢһȻ˵֪ǰ־ӵģ˼Ҷ˵ģǿɣһո
ۼռе˵֮󣬶ûаŵϡ
˴㿴ֵʱʮȴƾŪʮһĶӣոȥˡ
˶ЩˣһĻЩͷôȥµģһȥлӡ
ʱͣոſڣʮǱϷһ֪̫һź첼Ҷĳ޷ţҲòϣлĶ顣
ռҵ֣ӭ˳ļҲЩ£ŭٴ֪˭լ𣿡
ĺһԻȺ˸Χסˣһһ㶼ģ
һδŴֲѣũİգļҲһϽ£һţֿܵһʮ־µģ
һʼ϶ϷˣŵļƣҲЩȷˡҪϷҲôʵɣֱʱܼѪģ
ȷʵϷЩǰĴǣͲ֪ƻ֪Ҫ֪;һֱƻ˸ǱݻȻҲп٣ΪϾʮʳǲòСĵ㡣
ڻǾ͸֪ˣһſſһȺ󳳴ֵũ˭֪ʲôĿģѾ϶ע⣬Ǹ춯ֱɱȥһ
νΧ۵Ȼܿɭɭɱ⡣
һᣬһͻȻȺվվ˳ȻҲһֲѣǱѰİҪ࣬ɷĻ˸Ҿ˵ѼﳤлСģͷλͨһ
ȴʮֵľ裬˵ʲôˣСʵܼģ
ȻӲǵûжư֮ɫϾʵһЩҪһҵСȴȷʵûôס
ﳤԭǿ򶨣ҲЩ񣬸Ͻ˵ȷʵЩͻǸλ֮ͨСһԸǵġ
ǲΪֿʼȻܻ񣬵ǼƻҲԸ뿪
ʱ򣬹ܼ˳ʵô£ʲôˣΪʲôߣ
ϽһӣܼҡȻ˵Щ˶Щ˵ǴģҪС㡣²ȷǵݣûͨ
ܼҿ˿ˣתͷһۻŭΪʲô֪ͨСһֱʮֹ𣿡ȻһۻļҶŭȥ
˵ĴǶһҲ¶ϲģ
ǻΧ۵ˣжЩɻѵǾôȷƻһ
ܼȻȥͨҲˣ˵ģʲôƾ֤𣿡
Уﳤǰ˼˵ͨ뺣һ·϶оĳĸ¡
һߴĺӣָߺһҪʲôƾ֤Ǿģʲôûɵģ˵ţһ£¶һ˿ڣѩֵʱұѹѩͷ֦ãǣܲǼٵİɣ
Ҳ׷׸˵ԼܵˣǵҲ˵ʱǳѩжôĿ£ԭЩȺҲЩĬ
 

İʮ Χ

ȻĿĲͬһʼҲк͹ܼһǣǲˣ˵ԼϵµˣһҲЩĬˡ
жĶ⣬Щֻ˲˵ĳ޳ܵˣҲûа취ڴ˿̻Цó
ΧǵĻ׶Ҳˣ׷ϵļ⵶
Χ۵ȺУͻȻ˺ǣǲúڼؽ԰ܵʲô
Ц˵Ѿ÷ˣֶˣųûµʱһ񶼣úøлմСģ
ǳʲôʵ
Ҫش𣬾Ⱥдһ󡰻ոſڿȥ
ԭƻ߳ˣֻһҳİȹɫŰɫ÷Ӽһֱ쵶ڣֻмͲӴУ洩һǳɫɴȺҲһ÷
ͷֻǼ򵥵ţֻббĲֻӣ򵥵黨֮ҲûΡ
һʵЩؾˣǿǾĶǵòȴܺõкϵɫ˶Щ׺͸УԵм¿ɰ
ƻΧ۵˶ûа취氲ЪǰϵһֻһֱӦһˣ
ǿƻʮּһ߸ߵĺӣˢˢĺۿ˭ûа취ǵƻΪãټͺֻصǸʱ򣬹Ԯ̻̲ʱȴǣ
ƻǣһʱ֮ҲЩٸн֪ʱԭҪֹģΪĨҪһǹˡ
ҲǣȭȭġһŴӣ۹ۿӲζ
մС㣡ǰӿȥĸ
ƻϽȥæʲô
մС㣬ﳤﳤҸմСʺã˵ʲôãùﳤ̼˵
ƻͷŶİ˵ǲ
ﳤȴҡҡͷǱһˣָָ˵ⶼǵմСǵʳǶѾˣʣµЩҪˡ
˵꣬һ̧֣˱ѳϸǵͲƵˣһĶʳ
ȺַһȻЩ˵ҲǧʳһǧӰҪռȥʣģǹû˶ǮһͲѰոˡ
ŸոջЩܳԼأƻЩʳ̾Ϣ
ﳤϽ˵ﳤ˵Ķԣׯ˾͸ׯڣǹֳɵĻѶǶнţڳԵĻûģȴܰѶúׯڡ
ƻ΢΢ĵͷﳤȷʵǡ
ˣմСôˣﳤϽʵ
ƻЦЦҲ˵ˣڲǺúõ𣡡
˵Ͳˣ϶Ϊ۵ģʱҲûûҹĸ뷨ӣЩߵ˽ӵׯ´Ⱦǣҩǲûеߡﳤ˵ţҲҪϽĨһ
ǰʱ򻹲ܵׯ£Сȴһ㶼ûмƽϡ
ҲţĨ˵ҪûС㣬Ǵˡ
һ̾ɾһľ̾ˡǿɴû˵ʲôߵ飬Ҫƻһ֮߿סģǿɾĹ°
񶼿㲻̫ԶҪһǶҪǣһǱͿʼð亹
ĪҲȫƻĹͣʵڲţǿЩ¶ӣʵǲǼٵġ
ĸ̾š
ΪǣС۲ˣ˵ôˣⲡû䣬̫ӵĻ¶ûɣ
ǰǶԲС㰡
ǲ˻ˣһ˶ӦɲƻǴŴһԺӲŲǰġҪ˵ɶΪΪ۲ģ
ռҴСǸʲôﰡ
ϾȻΪ˻飬ǵöί
ƻЩΣϽ˵ˣⶼǹȥˣҲʱ۵ģԭвġ
ҲˣϷҲ꣬˵ʱ䣬̫̫ٳˣʱһֱѰʺϵȴһֱûѰǸˣ
 

İʮ 

ƻһ䣬˺Ҳһ㣬ϽҶ̧ﳤҲϽָĶӣе
Ķһִ
ﳤϽ˵ûʲôõóֵĶֻɽڵ̴ľңﳤдģ
˵꣬һƿĺ첼¶Ĵ֡ɽ
ƻҶͷЩ΢ᣬȷʵ֪ôһҶҶصʲôһɽ֣˵ʵԼ
̱ҪƾܣǴôϣһϽ¡
ƻʵûа취Ҳȷʵǵһ⣬ˡ
ﳤȻʮֵĸˣ˵Ҳ֪Ϸ˹ٳûбʲôʵʧˡ
˭˵ģҸղŲ˵Ѿ𣿡ƻЦ˵
ʲôﳤȴʮֵ
ƻָָʮʳ˵Щ𣿡
ʳﳤȴˣЩԭǵİ
ƻЦ˵ռȻǮƣʱһǧĶȴվЩʳûһֵЩѾͨʳˣеռҶǵĶ⣬Ҳеǵ⡣ЩʳҲеǹͬ⣬ҪǵˡռΪһ壬ҲӦóеΡ
⻰Ȼ˵һ󻶺
ƻ˵ռҽڳʩ㣬ÿʩࡣ⣬һһֽΣֻõǮƣȫ·ţڸƫƧĵط˽ӡеĶɾ۵ķʽۣ۸ߵãպڳλȥҲȥڵõǮƣδҲλල
˵Щڳ˶ƻûһԹˣϾɲһ˾ģ̾ѾˣбγǮֱĴ˵ģ
Լ˵ģʲôĶȲĶܹΪǶǮģռҵҫͿڱ
ܶ˶֮ǰƵľٶжô޴ƻͽݴϱߡ
һݵˣôܻһʱȥѩֳֵ񣬰Լ۳زһݵˣôܴأԵǰӭһȺ񣬻վһ˿ûмӡһݵˣô˵ʲôֻԸԼĲƲˡ
㻹˵ϷǾߵˣ˭ԸϷҲֵز
ϷҲЩҲһϷ
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˿ŵһףҲûˡ
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ЩݲǲԵķƻת˷ˣһˣ˰ס¡
ȴԸ⣬ﳤ˵ǵ鶼ѾˣҲ㷹ˣ鷳Сˣ·ȥˣ
ڲŸô߰ƻҲԸôˡ
ﳤ˵С㣬ҲˣĶЩ׳ﻹׯأÿȥˡ
һϣúϢϢ·Σƻ˵Ҳ˸ǱͲϣǻȥʱҲЩ
ﳤȴҡͷǲҪСĺôˣ⳵ģͣˣչţòˡɫǻٸϻ·
ҲЩȥϽ˵ⶼС⣬ǻסһ߰ɡ
Ǵǵ̬ȴʮֵļֻţﻹȰƻȴס˵úǱһЩǴţܿ԰ɡ
ǻ˿ҪҲûоܾ
ƻ׼ȻýȴһЩӣ͵ſڣ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱְзԸһ·϶չŵ㡣
֮ƻص䣬ȴûʲôЦ⡣
߿϶ûʲôˣôС㷴أʵ
ȴƻڵ飬˵СжЩΣǻʵģȴǵĺġ
ƻ΢΢ͷǻڶթ֮УҲֿĸġҲˣҲвͣҪȡˡ
 

İʮ ;

ɲô˵ƻĿĻǴﵽˣڵڶ죬ƻЩԱӰȫ˶ƻĿޡ
ռҵ˼ȼ
ȻǵҲ᪵Ļ£Ͼ᪵˻żԡ
ǻе˼Ȼٲû۹⣬û۹⡣˵ǾȻЩҥԣƻôί
Щ˻ʹȻȻŭȴѾ벻ʲôƻ΢ŵˡ
ʱٵԼĴһҲ䶯ĻͷûٳΪĳͲ
һϦ֮䣬ոͻʹͳת˶û뵽
һҲչʮ˳ܿܵϢ漸ѶҪ֪Ƕˡ
˵ҲˣԭǸӪص˾£֮󣬾ͽλӡ
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迴̲֮˺⣬ʵû뵽ճθھȻô󣬾Ȼְ취
ӹţҲһ飬ɫҲʮֲãͶʯҪǽˣǾӮˣҲһء
ԭճİ취ǳļ򵥣ҲȷʵҪľȥͶʯʯ֬ˮͿԼóɱͶ򣬻һսȻǿ
ɫԽܱ֮һЩһҪЩ˸һ򾡣ԲǼЩʯ֬ˮ
̵ͷ˵еܸӣ乥ȥ棬˲Ҳȥ
١蹴˹Ҳ˼ֻҪǵ·ҿǻˡ
˵ҲѧǵķһЩͶʯķ仨ˮ
ȴҡҡͷǾǽҲز˶ʯ֬ˮǹȥ˵ʵ̫ӣ˵ҪͶʯͶʵ̫ˡճһãǿûС
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ǾͰˣðѱȨȫֶݺݵ˵
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ͷһԾԾԵӣ˵ӣεҲѣ°ɣһ·߶ģ
ô˵Ųأ˵Ǹǵһ˶Ƕģʱʲôˣ
ҲЩֻ˵һ߼ලˣԶ֡
ôҪԶ֣ü
һЦӶ֣ʰЩСආȫ°ɣ
ת۱ǵڶ죬ƻŵ׼ʱʼˣǿʼûжã˵ĿЩ챦˾ȵļ۸ƿˡ
Ȼֻ˽˵ģҲ˲ˣֵĴǴŸƻЩƿתߵģҲֵģҲֺֻܶղصĴϣܷʲôƷ
һľͱȽ֣ǾոĶС̡
һջоеģ˻ż䣬ȴ˶¥¶̨ϡ
ڸոճɽƷ֮ͺԱһС˳ͻԭ򲻹һ㼦ëƤС£˶ֵòɿֵᶼвȥˡ
ջϰҲòͣռǶңȻ̣ϰ֮󣬱˵С㣬С˸㻻һżɣ
Ҳȥż䣬￴öȴݹ̨ףָŶС˵ҰȥҲʲôϣܰŽ
⻰˵ϰʮֵΣϾ滹վֵİա⻰ѾĲ
һҵСŭʲôǴŮ˭ǿմСϣֵģ㻹浱Լ̲ˣ
㣡ҲŭŮΣҲֻҺͽӣοûаҵŮһԴĸҲʮֵңһŮҲСС滹Ůӷĳ谮ݷҲһҼ޵һã
⻰Խ˵ԽӣϰҲЩżϽСʹ˸ɫȥոš
 

İʮ 

ô˵ԼλСҲòᣬ̻ػ޵ĺãռˣһŮǼ޸ҲһǼ޸˼檡ǲ檣ʲô˼ԸȢһŮޣ˵˵ȥҲһҼ޵ĺã
ˣָΡΡָŭ㣬͵ŵԴ㣡ңԺҪ޵˸붼ģ
СЦһǺЦ붼ã˵Ǻܺأ
ӣİ̸ըˣҵţԺҪ޵˿̫ӣ
⻰Сһ㶣̴Ц˵Ҫ̫ӣ㶼̫˻ˣֻ̫ܿɫ𣿡
С㣬ֵҲЦʵǾնСҪ޸̫÷ħˣ
̱ΧЦҲŭǱţǽĸ˵ģҪȻ˵һģ
˵СԽСЦֱ϶˵ҿҪˣжˣ
̲סˣеҾǸҪҵˣ
⻰ȻܵЦøż֪ȴһʡ
ҪҵˣնСǲɵ˰ʲôʱˣС޼ɵĳЦ
̱һ֣ҺϵŮӣ̫ӵעˣĸ˵ҵ־ͺϣ
ЩЦˣΪֶɲܱġ
Сס˲һ㣬ʲôҲ˵ˡ
żеĹ壬Ǻ޲̵ĲӣΪҲ֮ܣȻ˸ͱˡ
̿˲ЦˣҲ˼ֵ⣬֪˰ɣȵԺ̫һҪǵͷ
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ƻתͷС˵СܾˡС￪㵽ҵͷϡ

̻û˵꣬ƻһ۸˻ȥֻ㬵ջͷ˵ˡ
СﻹҽƻϽ˵ˣˣҲҪˣ
̫ϧˡƻ˵ԺС㲻ʲôʱҵ꣬ҵͷϺˡ
СȻǰٰƴǣϽѾ뿪ˡ
㣬Ѱµģô񣡡̲˵
׼ƻǰһϷͲĲԼҲԼϷ㣬Լ֮˵ʵ
ƻôῴȻŭݣȴЦ㻹˵˭ģ
ڼģǰһסĸ첲㣬ͱˣ֪Ҳ˵ģȥĸ˵òã
ƻĵҪ˦ĳ嶯ֻǵͷһۣȻ̧ͷ˵ú֣˸λʵǲ˼λõĲˮҵͷϣλһ˶飡
˻ûд֮ǰ̻еĳ߳һЩɣǻǶܸӵӦ
ƻ˸˸ӣתͷһ̣һȥ
ȻһĲԸ⣬ڰĸˡ
һߣżҲסˣǿҲԼֲ࣬ûиѾˣռҵŮʵ𾪡
߳˿ջ֮ƻ̵̶ָ˳̬
̵ĵĿƻû뵽ɣҲиҵĵһ죡
ѣ㻹Сɣƻһ
һ޿ֵӣʲôõĵģҪ£ռҸҵ汳أ
⸱ģƻֱһϣֱˣ㲻ҪΪҲɱ㣡
бɱңǳ޵ĿƻҪǲɱңһ죬һɱ㣡
ƻϷǱģŵһ˳ӣֻһ䣬ҿȥôĸͣûеĸҲ˵Ļ
ܿǾͻոֱӳϷ˵Ժȥ
 

İʮ δͻ

ϷƻĽ֮ҲǱףĲ豭ˤ̵ϣŭǸԩҰҵһԲ㣬Ҫôңռң
ĸʱ﷢𣬻һôԲţϢû׼ѾʹȥˣʱɾҪˣ̸ûаϷ˵ŭϣЩĵ˵
Ϸ꣬Ͻ֣˵죬ȥָ߸Ǹţǧ˵©죡
ĸôôƻŭԺˣռ˵֣֮
ϷҲּŭ˵˵Ҳôʲô취Ҳ˵ԺҪڱˣռҲҲˡ
ƻһָ̣ȥ˵ûйϵһϹģ
ôҲðôôģϷʹĵ˵
һ޿ֵӣҽȥҲԲϵģһ˵ָʹôģΪ㲻ܼ޸̫ˣҼ޹ȥɣǲǹˡ
ƻ̺ݺݵҧҧһ޲ȥɱӡ
ϷѾȫˣ֣˵㲻ϽȥҪˣǿɾȫˡ
ȵȣƻǳֹ
Ϸ˸Ͻ˵ƻ֪治ǼƽЩʱ򣬸ϽȲһɣʡĵʱ©ٳ
ƻ˵Ů˼ǣҪֹ֣ȥ˿ˣ»˿ʵɰȥɡ뻹ʲô֪֣Ǹ÷ڵķڣôĴ
ԣԣ㿴ңҶͿˡϷ˵һǸţһоǼˡ
ôæµţ̿ﲻ֪жôиĵ⡣
һϷ˺ƻڲ߻飬ʲô©ĵطҵѱ
ҲǱӣϷѾ˴ˣʧҲѾʧˣİﶼѾ֪ˡ
ӣ޷Ǿ̿ġ
Ȼڶ칬ˣ˲Ǳˣ龸ˣԻһ̫ࡣ
ԭһ㶼̣֮󷴶ˣΪ龸⣬Ӧһ۾ܿ֡
Ϊݺ·ľӺʱΪһֱնвһҲǹʡ
Ϸ˱͵ʱии˵ǲһ壬һӣǸʱҲΪʵڲýͣȻѾ֪ҵḷ̌Ҳһֱû˵
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˵һỰ̫Ҫǻȥˡ龸ȴһֱû˵һһ㡣
Ǻԣֵֻİˡ
̵֮ЩزסˣΪʲô龸ҲҪǿô죿
㲻ҪˣðϵǸ־ǳ֡ƻʲô鶼ˣͿôˡ
ϷҲԵʮֵ룬΢΢ĵ˵ͷַ֣ȥϢˡ
ѯУ龸ȴ˵ͷȷʵϲǣ
üͷȴôƫƫ
龸ֻû˵û£ƶ͸ˡ
£ЩĵȴŲ֤һȷ̺ϲǵһġ
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̰᪽鵽˰ҹڵó˴𰸡
ڶһ磬ʥּƻ˻һ㣬˸̺᪴ͻʥּ
Ϸ˽ּ˶˵ĶҪƮˣ̫ߺ󣬱һѶϷʥּϸ˰죬˷ֱܵġ
ˣϷ˵ȴǱģûһЦ⡣
Ҳ˿⣬˵Ҫӻ
㲻Ҫ̫֣Ϸŭ
ЦһΪռҵ棬ô̫ɻʱﶼأҪǴȥҪռҿɴ̫ĸŮ
Ϸ˿ӣʵڲϲԸ࿴ڰҲı䲻ʲôͷƻ˵ƻͽɣˣȻȥϢˡ
ƻ˵ͷŮ֪ˡ
ҲðѾûˣڽлѹһǸ֪ıʲôҲûзԡ
һ̸ӵĸˣβͶ̵ϡ
 

İʮ ɱ

ʱǱģӭӰظΪǼɵĲ£ûǼˣķչȴȫĳԼ
ڼʱһλЩϲƼԼЩװ֮ʧȥЦ
ʼûװΪλͻȻһĥǰӴԼĲų
ڵݽȣȻ㷭֮ЩϵҪҲģ¼Ȩ޷ȥЩϵĶˡ
˵˵Ĳ˵һλû·أµҪ˵Լƽյܾ裬ȻҪ뿪ҪȰԼڶ
ҲֻŰܵ۸ҲΪ֣˽һȴֿЦãеܾ޷Ǿð̽ϴѣԹֵһЩҲŴɨѣ
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˽иλкֵʱȻͦصģ䵽ȴɶơ
Щֶ൱ģһ˫⣬ڳˡܾ衱ĶҲλͣ
ôһֽҲ֪һλС˵־ǲãһҪŸ·б˼֣˭֪䵽ȴǾýԼ
һ£ԽĴһӱ޵ظϣ˵ʲôҪŪ̧̧Լ
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⻰ȻвζԶԼܵʱǼΪ̫ŮܣʱܵĿɾǽˡ
ȻзƻԼĵһʵڲŪˣø鷳ֻµ˾͵ȡһΣŲ鲻Ըȥ
Ȼ˽ӣٶȲıнʱĻͷһǶϺϾİһλȻ֮ϻʼĿ
ɫԽԽҲûҹеĻѣµ˼ӿٶȣȻµȥ̧Ρ
Щ书ٶҲȥ
þ⻹ûܳԶǰֿʼˡ
ôҪȥͶ̥ôߵĴæŶûüԣͷء
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ʲôΣղΣյģŮΪ̫ѵв۵˸鷳
ﻰ䣬ҹкȻһƳ
ԶƮ֪Ը½䱸
Щûأ֮ϺȻºüӰ
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֪ʤ㣬±ͻΧֻҪס˰ˡ
ѾɵİӵϣԼҪбкȻɱλ֮̿½ֻӭȥ
ʵ𣬽бڿն£λ̿ʱ䱻ɱÿεȽ񼴽ʱ̿ͱٴɱɧţһʱ佩
ЩھĻ֮ҲķӦʼͳŽΧ£˹ֻҪʱһϣ˵Ӯڻ˾ûġ
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а룬֮ãѹԸ϶Ҫ군
Ȼһ˽񺰽һû˵ķȥ
Ҫ׷ȥλ̿ٴɱ˹סԼڴʱٴһλ´̿ͣѩ׵ĵڰĲһŴͷ­Ѫ˳ȥ
 

İʮ 

һԼǰĴ̿նɱŰȻص壬ͫȻŴ󣬺ݺݵסеĽ
жȻһɺ⣬һްﲻĻһҲԼô򵥵
ܿסҪ͵ϮĴ̿ͣ׽һ̿ͣ
ѾˣֻЩ̿͵ݵĲԵʧ
ЩԭΪɱȻ֣Ȼתȥ
׷ȥЩԤıĴ̿ͣƬȻҲʮϤȻ׷ᣬ׷ˣ
ѰӰݺϿֻĵİɥ
ȶֻص·أʰ˰壬鿴˵ϴ̿͵ʬȴҲûпʲôߣֻҲ̧ߣƻԡ
һ˾ǱĻصո
̶ܼѾһ죬ɵȴһʬ׷ʬ壬ôܵˣֻŰ޵ذ˼㡣
ƽʱٿĸӣܿһҲƫͷȥ̿
ϷȻҲʮŭŵϹŵʵô£
̵ľ˵һ飬ƻ˵ūûС㽻񣬻С𷣣
ƻӿʼûпڣʵܾȣڰҲլĸˣӦòʲôޡ
ŽüͷԽȴ˵鲻ܹ㣬Ѿȫˣ
ƻϷŭʹĽ
ƻŭϷˣɲ죬֪ĸҲΪѾѾߣĸҲˣЩȻԤıģ书ǿͲֵܹģ
Ϸ˸Ҫ˵Ǳȴ͵վƻ˹ƻɱ㣬һɱ㣡
ﷴӦѸ٣ûƻʱ򣬱Ѿ
ȴǷһƴţƻ۾죬Ǻݶɱ⣬ҪɱĻ
飬ƻģϾ˶֪ĸ֮ìܡ
ȻĸŮǸͲмʲôɱֶΣҪɱҲһ
ƻվϷ˵ĸһʱһЩ˿ݣĻ֮ˣĸһ
ĸ㲻Ҫһɱ̴޵ĸһҪһôңܲ˰ɣ
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ĸƻǰһҪ飬
Ϸȴŭһۣ˶˵һ価ˣܲΪ²ܷĻոﻹûйˣ
Ļ˵ƻЩƿԣʵףϷѾǿˣȻô³ֻһתͷһ۽дǸΡ
ȴײô˵ԼҲȷʵΣƻ΢΢ҡͷҪΪԼϷͻ
ĽѾŭɶϷ˴𣺡ʲô飬ɵģƫ̻ҪҪͳͳᣡ
Ϸ˿䵭㲻Ҫ˵ЩûиݵĻ֮һһģ
̫۾ֱϹˣƻĹȴʲţĸװװԩʲôֻҪǵִ
Ϸ˲͵üͷߵѾŭСĵĶʼˣϿ˷ȥ
ѾŸϽΧߣôԸôȥ̷š
һһҲƻ𣺡ǲŹģһʬΣ
ƻֻĿϲûжٵı鲨
֮Ϸ˲ֿƻ˵ʱȻҲܸˣȥģҪһ
Ůסƻ˵ͷ
˵ﱩˣɱ֮ľͲˣʡδȥʲôԷϷֿŰܿ˵ڰͽȥɣϾԺ̫ĸ̫򵥾ˡ
ܿҲͷӦ
ЩϷ˱˰ѽȥҲƻͰܿȥˡ
ƻɫֻ֣ܿҲûж˵ʲôˣ˱ص˻ӡ
û̵Ľͱ̧˻ƻϽýϺõҩ˹ȥҲ޵òĻ֮ǧУ
 

İʮһ 

ﲻ򵥵ʵҲʮֵļ򵥣һƫԺһãѾһҹڶձڳһˡ
ȥˣֻһ˰ˣϾⲻһ񣬲ǰôķ⣬Ҳһûκεĵλңضȥ
ϻĻˣѹڷһ졣
ǵϣƽõĻӾһ̿ͣЩ˵ĿҲƻͰֱܿӳѾסĵطȥˣȻǳŽȥġ
ſڴԺķգϰ֮˵ıˣϲͬѰĽŲǻûеӦİѾЩ̿ͽ֡
Щ˿̵Ĵ̿͵书ʵϡƽûöñ㱻סӵƻǰ
Ǽûԥֱӱ㹩̵֣˵ǰǰߵˣò
Ƿ𣿾Ȼɱ񣡡Щȵ
ƻҲʮֱ䣬ȷʵѾˣ⼸ƻ᲻κδ۵ҪŪң
Ҳ̫ԲˣЦ˵
ϵĲûиӴʲôָܿƽ
ɵڶһ磬̾Ȼִżֱ֣Ӵ˽˵񷿼ȥ
ƻͰܿû𴲣ѾҲûзӦȻ˳˽ȥ
Ұָŭ
ǿ׳֣ɷ˵ıѴϵĽϵ˵ϡ
ϸոհõ˿̱Ѫ͸·
ʹŭ⣬Ǹʲôǻӣ
СҽôھҪҿ˭˵ʲô
ʲôϳֳŭ
ѾǸϽҲ¶ϵ书һֻ֣ǰѽϳȥ
һʱ䱾Ͳķ䣬̼ˣѾҲŻңжֻ֣ʹ쳣һе䣬ֱӹȥҲͲڼץŽѾǳûѽ˻
ǷˣҿǶС㣬ǵӣţ
յϢƻæ𴲸Ϲʱ㿴һĻܵʲôӣ
ãЩÿѽ񽻳̳ƻָʹ
ƻЦΪʲôҪѽ񽻸㣡
̿в˳ޣĸʱҿ죬ǽĸôܻһҪ
Ѿ˵ˣ˿ô࣬Ѿȥˣƻ˿ΪûкúôڱȦԼܳȥűɱģԼҪΣ
̴𣬡ͲģƵһ޶֤ʵ̫޳ˣ
ֻ˵ʵƻҽѾյͷˣĸҲΪҪ
̴ŭĸǷǰӣҽ첻ôҪɱҾͲĸΪһѾ˵ʲô
ҲˣֻҪڣҾԲ㶯ֺƻҲøֱ˵
Ѿûǣƻһ䣬̾ͳıӳƻ˦ȥ
׾ӵĹƻиʲôֻɵĲ˱ӡ
һУ̸ӵգӷ˦űӣģȻҪƻƴһơ
ƻ˼Σ޿һ߬סıӣǰĽѵ𣿻ǰñӣ
̺ݺݵİѱӳ˻ϱȱ鶼ŤˣȴͻȻЦƻû뵽Ҳн죬ȻҸƭˣƻ͵ɣ
⻰ƻüͷԼ߬ıӵֿȥΪղ˺мϸС˿ڣЩ˿滹һЩɫķĩ
ȴڴЦԭֻԣûϣܹ㣬û뵽ȴԼס˱ӣƻ֪һֱûаշСҵĴۣ
ҩƻŭ
̿ƻ˵һЦһЦøӷ񣬡ˣҲύҩģҩҲģʱ֮ͻᶾҾҪһʹȥ
ƻѾܵԼƿʼû֪׶ѾʼɼⶾĶжôң
ȷʵСˣڲҩҾ㳢飬֪ķѾȫû˱飬һ˫۾ȺҹҪ
 

İʮ 

ƻµı飬ͷҲ΢΢һҲû¶Цһ˵Щ㾡˵ˣҾͿ㻹ûЩ
㻹Բƻ˵ţһֱƶ̵ǰûзӦʱ򣬱ѾһֻһסĲӡ
źεɱ⣬Ųھɱ㣬Ȼѱȫͷ䣬ҾͲҲҩǺòײ̫֮λѵ͸
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ңҿ̫ɱңĸͻ϶Źģʹƻ֣ӵ˻š
ƻӣһЦ˵ĸôҲԲôҿռҵŮһһд򷢹ȥ˭ܲʲôأ
ң֪˵ûдĵĿ־ԽԽǿңҲɷĺš
ƻϵ˵ҸҲң
ԽԽ̵ϢҲԽǿңֻһƬڰѾѾ֡
ˣĺˣŰеֱۣþȫżһ䣬Ҹҩ
ƻҲˣôУһɣֱӽӵ˵ϡ
صҲ˲ϵʹڵϾҵĿ
ѽҩóƻŭ
Ѿ˿־̷ڣӵƻɲ˳޺ͷ񣬡İɣҲҩģ
ƻӣ۽ǵļⶼ̲סһ£˵ͷĶ̫ʴЩ
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һѾڵĵطȥֻҪƣͲƻܲˡ
ƻȴһϤͼѸñȥ·
ȻҲʲô̴Žƻ
ʵ̫СˣƻһıӼɹȥһûжȥֱӳ˼򣬾޴ĳֱײ˱Ĵϣˤڵء
Ȼƻʹ֣еıһ㣬̵ϣҽС
ɾɲԸɿڣһ߽һߺƻңҲõҩ
ƻҪ˦ȥȴͻȻǰһڣһĲˤڵء
һԵĽﾪһϽǰס
ڵϵ̿һĻԽɥĲĴЦ˹ֻöӵĸ죬ƻ͵ɣ
޿̣첽ǰһŽߵߣݺݵĲؿڣɽҩ
Ҳ˶ҾͲýҩⶾһԵĽ˵
һ߿ѪһߴЦţҾϵٸԼⶾ
㣡ĺ޲һ
ƻӶѾʧȥֱʹĥ񾭣ǿסӣ˹߶
һ⻰Цһֱץһļϣʼ˹
һһû뵽ƻȻ㶾û뵽ߵѾ߾Ȼ书ĸǿ
оһɹɵůԼ壬ʹʼɱоҪ㿪֣ѾþټϾҵʹѾû
㽻ҩƻû˿飬ȥһһܴõҩ
ϵ˿ڶ࣬жԭͱƻټϽ˹߶ӶҪʧȥ֪ҵʹ޴Ŀ־Ҳܲסڴ󺰵ãã˵ڣѾϣѾϵ
һӿȥץѾߡ
Ѿ߸Ͳ֪ԼϾȻʲôҪŽץֵ̾һš
ǲ޹ֻһѰֱֳң˺ȻҵһСҩ衣
 

İʮ ִ

￴ҩǺ͸̣˭뵽ҩһѾߵ棬ˣҲδܼʱҵҩƻⶾ
ݲ룬ȡһҩιƻصĹͷ̻˵ٻ
ƻιҩͲٶˣ̴ңѽҩң
ֻĿһۣҲûж
ҩĶѸͣҩҩЧҲӵĺܿ죬ƻ΢΢ϢĽӲѾ˲٣۾ŵһҲ̣ܶᡣ
˼Ҳǳȷ̡
㲻ܲң̫ҿ̴̫˻š
ƻףڿϲǣˣԲ׵ռҡΣڵʵǲܺһս
ʹѾ̳ĥˣЪ˹ţһһ
ʲô
Ϸ˿ǰĳ̴ŭ
İܿϽ˽ȥƻɫҰ׵ӣϽһѱסƻôˣ
Ϣ֮󣬱ȥϷϷϴãһȴû뵽ƻӺ˺ܴĿͷ
ƻҡҡͷҪ˵Ǳߵִ˻ĸĸȾңƻ˶ҪҰ
Ϸüͷƻȸⶾ
ƻĸʶǰҸⶾ
Ϸ΢΢һ˵ȸⶾ˵Ҳ٣
ҾҪƻѹеɱ⣬ĸǾòģذɣ
ƻϷŭһѸٵĿƺŭŻ˵ڵѾͬգǳ飬ϾԲŹռҵģ
һԵĽ޿̣ϷˣôıӴС㣬־ܲҩСѾܶλᣬԼ֪ϧСų²߲ŽҩƳеҲԼµĶҲʳ
ܴƻϷ˵Ĳ
Ϸ˿̶ƻŭѾ߶ô˵𣿣
ƻҲϷˣ˵ˣϷ˵˵ĸѾˣѾֲǷֱһֱڼе飬Ǳǳ
㣡ϷԾĿƺǲôôԼ˵
ƻЦһ˵ĸŮ˵Զᱳ㣬һεȻҲᣡתͷ˵ѽҩ
С㣡ﵱȻԸ⣬Ǻ޲ȥ̲һ
ƻȥ
Ĳ鲻Ըߵ̵ߣֱӰҩӵϡ
ˣιңŬ̧ŲӣĿԼϵĽҩӳª˶ġ
Ѿ߸Ͻȥҩӽ
Ϸ˿ƻһʱЩӣ˶ٲſڵƻ֪ĸġ
ƻȴվۿĻĸҪ˵ʲôҲĸΪʲôҪôĸ˿ûɣһֱ˵Ļǣҵⶼǻڶĸ𾴺飬ȴڻҵ⣡
˵ţĿ̣ĳޣѵĸ㲻ӦһԼж𣿣
˵⻰ٿϷˣֻŰֱ֣ܿ뿪˷䡣
Ϸ˿뿪ıӰһģſſվȡ
Ϸˣָ֣Ͻס
תͷһ֣֣д˿˿ľòſڵСԺУѾ֮⣬ʲô˶һֱ㵽Ϊֹ
ով̴еĸΪʲôҪңڿδ̫ұҪϯֵᣡ
ߣϷȴֵֻ֣֣Щǵ뿪ˡ
̻ڲĴкţİѾѸٵƷѺ˳ȥ
ջصԼƻ˵Ϸ˰ˣȴֻЦһԽ˵˵岻ʣ⼸ղܸϷ밲ˡ
̵ͷȥԸˡ
ܿƻ˴ϣҴҴǣЩǣҲûдֻ㾿ôģ
ƻĸ׾أ
ǾڸϷ˶ܿͷӡ
ƻһĸʵ̫ˣβôܾôˣ
㿴㣬Ҿ֪ڶܿЩεϷ˵۰ȷʵǼٵģڸߴˣϰ߰ԼҽԺˡ
ĸײһֱҲĸôվĸͷ˵ˡƻ˹졣
 

İʮ ֧

ܿͷĸǲôǻһ˲ǡ֮ҲһʱͰˣȴܽԹ𣿡
ƻЩأ
ȻûаɼˣϷȴǿСҲĹɼˡҲļˣϣѾΪǺҲǼˡܿЦ˵
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׾ͺáܿı֪Ϸ˺һģռҵ֧ǵ֧Ƕһ۰㣬㡣
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ĴҲ˸壬˾޴ҸδԼǿ
ϣɫʮֵһûУиֲָ
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ȵȫʧʱ򣬳ӲŻǰЦһеźŵֱա
źŵһգڿźŵ˲䣬·ϣڰ˶˳ȥ
źŵûϨĹ⣬Щ˾ӥֱֱԼ
캰һϮߵ˱Ѿа¡
һԼĵȺУһȴͱһ忡£дв˷ܣֱ˹
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ϵս壬زҸӲӲһĽС
ûɣЦһдż˿Ѫצӵ˼
һ·ϣһźŵ˳ϣӷˣѾˣ˶ţһҪɱһƬײ
ʱװİѾץס˾ĵˣһĨǵĲӣ䣬Ѿһʬ˻һҪɱеʱѾûһ˸ɱˣ
һƣŭǶǺôҲһ
ͲֱӷеڴվһȦѳڶסַһɫźŵʾѾƽ
һǸս콥֧α翳ˣԽԽٶۡ
ǰˣ˲ʧȥȤͻȻ˽Ʋм˴һ֣һӵϣնɱˡ
ӵߣͳźŵзһ
鱨书ߵһȻѾǽˣ·Ӧúܿˡڶźŵӵһߣ˵
ͷȻûãͷϾɫźŵ
ճӪһۣ˵ճõЩźŵ
ȻܿЦһڹѾˣҪ쿴
ͷ˵ڴȥֻҪһҪ޻أ
̵˵ͷǣ·Ը˶˵ˣǸδã
˵һϲԸˣҲϤȫȨɡ
᲻Ȩ̫ˣЩɡ
ЦЦصģֱûô뷨뷨Ҳ̫࣬ǡ
ǣˣ΢΢ͷ˲ɱȷʵеˡ
ݸһ䣬ӪУΪľս׼
 

İʮ 

һº̺᪴顣
бʣѡһգȻʱ̣ųȴһҲС
ӭ׵Ķ鵽ʱ̲һŵһ̤Լķ䣬ֲ˴
ڴеˣ̱ܵĺ⡣
Ϸ˵ҲЩ䵭˵޵ĺӣӭ׶Ѿǰ㻹ɣ
΢΢סеĺ⣬ͷû
Ϸ˲˵ļ¸ƵĴæܹϸµĸϳˣ㴩ҲԵûܲᶪ档˶˵ױĶ˶ʮ̧ׯӡҲʮ̧ټΣЩҲܳƵϷˣ㻹ʲôĵط𣿡
ūأûй˼ֱʵ
ϷҲûб飬ϾǹУܴ̫ū͹ȥʹѾͷѾ߸һȺָ
Щ٣û׼ǵˣЩҲûʲôҲ˵ͷ
ٲޣĸ㽻㼸䡣вȼҪСĽĪΪڻϺͻʺǰҪУ̫ҲҪĪҪԶײҪģĪԴס
סֻֻᷳӵͷлĸ̻壬ǵ»ſڣõȣŮȥˡ
˼УϷҲûʲôڴûͷ裬ָֻ֣˺ͷֲ뿪ˡ
̵ͷŽһȥש˵ϲãһΪ뿪ϸռңһԸԳ޸ԼĽѾõˡ
ڿ߸ߵżߵһĿٵţҪؿڡ
ڴţڴţһ˫ȸǣסͷ˫ǽڷֻ֣ޱȵҸȷţԼĺӾҪˡ
ȵӭ׶뿪֮ϷҲվֵ֣֣԰ܿƻ˵ɢ˰ɡ˵곯ƻ֣óѩЩɡ
ƻվסһֻ֣ŮСǲ̫ˡ
Ϸһۣˣ浱ԼСأҶ˵㣬㵽׷˽ض೤ʱļ٣ڻܶ㱣
ƻԼỬգڰɣҾͦð
ϷһתͷŰܿʱǲǱˮˡ
ܿЦȴĵ˵ͷŽ˵˵ѾҲڣԺúüලƻ֪֪
￴һƻ񹲷ߵʵǲ֪ôǵ˵ͷ
ƻͷתıϷ˸ˣѩϷһĴӵóһֽŵϡ
ʲôƻЩĿһۡ
һӻʱѾˣϷѾһ߬סЦԽӵĴ飬ƻĸʵҲżЩҲóǲǣЩ񶼵ſ㿴ûģֻҪ㿴еģĸһȢ
ƻȻѲЩЦãĸǲ̫ˡ
𣿡Ϸ΢΢һЦְѻǰƣúÿ
ƻôϷЦʵЩֲֻõ˵ͷ˵ãҿĸȷſҺòã
㿴Ҿͷſ㣬ԵʲôҲˣҲ԰ɡϷЦ˵
ƻΣֻñ˼ȻϷеĿ£һŵķЩ
ûһţϷ˱Ҫоôػز䷳ʡ
ƻַţͣҡͷѾˡ
ôû𣿡Ϸ˿ˣϽ׷ʵ
ƻҡͷƻһûпϸóһԼŻݵǰ˵ɵĶӣģ࿡ΰ
ƻƳһۣñҶҪᣬһĸ浱ǸȢϱأ
Ϸ￴˿ȷʵ̫һЩһţһأ˰ɣζξҵӡ
ƻƳһۣģöˣ̫ż˰ɣ
ϳ˵㡣Ϸ˵ͷ
ƻεĸûģ
ϷȴģŻ񣬡ôأôˣûһеģ˵ֳһţǡһʱҲ벻ˣ˵˭ɣ㿴òȴϳɣôϲ⡣
ĸɿϷ˼ﳤ尡ƻʵڿЦãҵ֣
 

İʮ 

ʲôϷҲʮֵľȣϸ˿Ļŭ˭ĻŪˣ
ƻʵΣϷ˵ĸҲۻˣȲЩˣȳԷòã
ϷҲԼüģȷʵ̫ˣȵȳԷ˵Ҳɿƻ֣֣ϲˡ
ƻϷ˳극ȥ˯ˣŻ˻ӡ
ܿڳ緹ЦʵϷǱ߳Թ𣿡
ҳԹˣôڲųԣƻЩֵʵ
ܿ˵׼̻ŵ飬ô˵Ҳñ˿ոЦǡ
ƻͷļϣ˵ˡ
Ҳֻ࣬ҪżǰˣʲôҲˡܿЦЦ˵
ƻҲЦ˵ûԺȷʵ١
ܿʵǱôˣ
ûҵһмȻԤı϶Һ˰ȫĲ֮ƻ˵
ܿһ̾û뵽һֱа̵ˣȴɱĸ׵Ԫס
ƻͷȷʵû뵽ʵҲǸ̵һѵĸȴܲˣǶš
ֻڹȴǱţҲû£һֱΪУʭӶ˲ܿ˵̲סЦ
ƻҲЦЦͲЩˣһõġ˵վԷɣϢϢһطˡ
ܿͷȥҲ˯һɡ
ոȻŵƽʣʵƽûʲôǰһѾͣ޵ȴʮֵ塣
ƻһˣܿ񣬺ֱϷߣԵڶûп鱨
ѾȺ򣬿̽鱨ݵϣ˵ӣǱ
ƻüͷ΢΢һ壬Ͻӹţ߲߱濴ţɫҲ
̽ǱߵϢ˵ճǱ춯ǲǡҲüͷ˵
ƻͷҪսˡдżأ˵Ѿȫ׼ǲصģֻҪ˺Լˡ
˵ţҲ˼ֺ⣬һս֮ҲһƬսһвҪʼսս֮ʱҪĴ
̵ͷЦʱǡôճˣ̵ϣΪոĶӦҲܴ󡣡
ƻҲһЦ˵Ĳڵʱá¾̺޲ռһ𡣡
¶ֲȷɥĲɣϾҲҪĸ֡
ʶҲһˣЩƵ黹𣿡ƻӻ֣ù֮ȰҵķԸȥͺˡ
Ӧһ뿪ˡ
ƻеȻɱЩģĵҲһЩϲãⳡսѾ꣬ڵ˽ʱ򣬶Ҳʱܼ֮ˡ
ǻû뵽ֵ֮⻹деϲñٵˣת̾Ϣһÿǽеİ񣬰һҲڶС
ڶ죬ƻֲòһ磬ܿ׼̻ˣϾҲҪоռʲôĵط
׼øˣȴһֱȵ磬˲ոһ֡
Ȳ˲ʰݣ˰Ѳ㶼ſ׼ӭӡ
̴վſվŵˣЩ죬۵⡣
ֻ᪵䵭ͷһֻ̣ͣһ£
̿ˣЦ绨ȥסĸ첲
ɺ۲ͬĮлŵһҪƿӡ
ɲһ»򸾸еӡ
Ϸ˴Űܿƻˣǰ񣬱ϹϾĽ˵μ̫ӣ̫
ֻ˻ӣϷһ˾Ͳˡ
ַϷˣϷлм־صģƻȴֻ⣬˼ֺ⡣
ʱ̶ڹע̣ȻûдƻĿ⣬Ҳ⡣
»֮ҹСʱ̣ȴһʱ̡
ȵŵ᪣֪һкܶӦ꣬Ҳòˣĵڴ
ƿĸͷɾߵ϶Щȵʱȴ䵭˵㲻ƻƻأƻҵ
̵Ц̾ͽˣ˿ߵͷҳѾ֣оδйѿ
 

İʮ ѿ

»鵱ҹĽôɷľȻǱŮˣôܣĺһƣƻѾ˻ˣ
ǻʹǰ̫ӣΪҲֻܴǿЦ̫ӲҪ˵ЦͽĻԼѾˡ
᪸ȥֻһֱƻ̸ӵѿ
Ҫܲ˵ʱ̱᪲˴ϣҲѿнѣɹŮźϴ·
ȴԶԶûнѾڴиҹʱȴ·
гһƻʱһ˺ˣͬ׹һֻʹĥ
ҧһҹδ˯ڶԵıǳƴסԼĲʺͺ⣬αװһ˵ӣȴһĿƻϡ
ǰȥסϷ˵֣Ҳס᪵ߣĸǻǿȥ˵ɡתͷֶ˵Ҳ˵һˣһ˾ͲҪôнˣǲǣ
ᪿǿ˵ͷϷ˵̫˵ûȥ˵ɡ
˵˽ȥƻͰܿ˸ɫ̺Ϸ˹ܵӣǾʮֵΣҲֻǸոȥ
ΪʱѾ磬ҲûڴãֱӿϯԷˡ
λϵ᪣׵ƻƻһֱͷ᪵ȴϿ
һŹ⣬Ƥյü͸ŹϢ
̰ҧһϣΪʲôһ溰ҪɱƻһȴõﲻΪԼռеʱǱΨл
жɱƻľжռƻϾǿ޷ƿأûа취ռУվλϣܵݻ
뵽޵÷ΪʲôĺҪеõڴ޹ȥôϣܿµΪʲô뿪ռңƻǲŹԼҪһУ
ߣ޿̣ϷЦĸ֪ĻˣΪãȳˣͷЩܡҲСˣûˣҿȥһϴϴϡ
˵⻰Ƴһ᪣ſӵһһ˿⣬ֶ˵вҲһֱԽ㻳ǸοҪúøҸʵķ
ƳһۣСĻ£˲֡
ʲôأЦڶһ𡣡
ϷҲһۣΪƻѿЦЦ˵̫ӵ˵ǣ·ƻĻȻ͵²ġ
ҲЦһʵĸѾ˼𣿡
⵹ûСϷ˵岻ãҪú
˵Ҳǵ˻һ֮һҲǷǳˡ
̿ƻЦЦŽɫҲǻڲСҿĸ᲻ý㣬ҪɡĸȷʵСˣȳ˼ޣ˵Ŀǻ˵лġǿЩҸɾɣ
УǴϷ˰ƻ޳ȥ˼
ϷȻЩĿʲôҲЦ˵Ҳڳﱸأɷܲڱ˵л
ɫ˵㼴òвŻⶼ񶼳ģҪһʵףҪĸˡ
⻰˵Ϸ˵ĿϣЦҲ˼֣ҲûʲôĲĵģô࣬Ҹһġ˵ҪҲߣֻҪС
ĸȷʵùڵˣˣ˭ȢȥܲŰЦ˵
ƻֻһۣ֪̳ԴʲôҩȻԼĻôȤ˵ʲôı
û뵽ǣ᪾Ȼŭˣۿ˵մСĻȻϷʲôģ
һϵ˶Щ죬ֻ֪ʲôԭд˼ּ²ҪǲҪ檹ܣǳ檲ܾˣǽչҪ׵Ĳǣһѵ𣿡
еĿЩϣʵҲ֪ԼôˣΪʲôҪôֻ꣬Ҫһ룬һְҪ޵ɱĳ嶯
ʶΪΪ̫ˣԸͲҸ
 

İʮ ϯ

̵һϯƻüëҲǷԼ᪡
Ͽһۣһϵʱ䣬֮䷢ʲôǸԼйصġ
뵽һ̲ס˸ܾˣʲôԲϲĴ𰸡
ϷҲһ᪲ͬѰɫЦŶ˵˵ûдĻ£ҺͰڹ̺£òЩˡ
ЦЦȻҲЩģЩĽˣȻĸ͵¶˵Ҳܱˡ
˵ֿһ᪣Ҳµµһֱ˻鹢ڻһֱŲ½㡣
⻰Ѿ˵ĺˣƻҧҧϷ˺Ͱ̲ܿסһüͷ
˵ʲôʲôڻʲôŲµģŭѾûκιϸһֱ˻˻˵ͣҵҪ㵽Ǻξģ
ԭǣǿôӣϵıҲЩһѾϷ˺ƻһۣжżӶ
Ϸִ˼˿ЦݳԲô˵ֻأ¼Ȣ㣬Ȼڰ˻ϡж˵ŵºһ±ľԵ֣ȻԵֲǾͺþúɢʵûʲôڻıҪ˵ǲǰ¡
ЦЩǿϷ˵û
⻰ֻЦ˿ˣ޲ýα˺ƿԼǰһδ룬վҳԺˣԡֳǷǷȥϢˡ
ıҲЩѿûϯôߣ£
ҲϷüͷҵҲԺˣɲôԣôҲ̫Ӹǰǡ
һֻЩ֪ǲ̫ԵʣܾЩͷζģոԺ󡣡
⻰Ϸ˵ɫҲҲ˵ˡ
һϷ˵ɫȻȥЪȥɣҲȷʵΣ˵
һԭһŮûмʲô棬˵ǵȻġƱ磬ǹɡ˵ĻӦþ䶼ǵðɣ
̣ʲôᪿвݡȻ˺ܶ࣬ǲûȫʧ䣬֪Լƻ֡
ɾΣ̾ԼʮֵİĽҲһŮѾõ̫ˣ̰Ҫ࣡
ƻֻ߸ųһٷͲû뵽һֱԼ˵£Ҳ¶ֲͣվ˵ȻвʣҾ뿪ˡ
˵ű˸˸ȥȴŭһվס
ƻĲ鲻Ըתʵ
»ʲôԸ𣿡
ôǴ˵е𣿡ʹԼбŤ߾ˣ
˵Ҳٿ̣ԹԵļԷϷ˺ͰܿЦϷ˺ͷҲ԰
ѾʮֵΣ߲ǣҲǣվﶢ᪺޲ð
ƻӵĲͣǿһϷˣҧҧ˻ȥ
ǰĶϣҾ˵ˣһĵĻûбϳȥɼ
̫ôƻҲգֻ̧ۿʵڲף̫ҵʲô˵̫ӵʲôȴйҵϡ
⻰һ¾˵صϣɫĸʲô
ƻЦЦΪҺ͵ĻԼ̫͸ˡ̫ѡ˺˻飬Ȣ㣬Ȼ̫ʵѡֺαΪ̫Ӳأ
⻰˵ĹûʣЦһҾʵ£Ҳô𣿡
޿̣Ŀһģŭ㹻ˣ㵽װѱʲôˣҽѾˣ㲻Ҫôߣ
̿ôĻҲһкγͬŭ𣬡ֺαأе뷨Ҳ˵ǰ㣬檱̸µǸҴӴԺ󶼲顣
ȻвᪿԽԽΣգ
еĺ⣬ȻһЦôвأ檿ǵµӣѵ﾿װ˭𣿡
 

İʮ 

ǺģȻôԱҲϣ̹ȻҪĴۣ
һ䣬㲻ٹֱﳤȥ
̬һֱǿӲ̿ıӰʧ֮ͻȻڵϣסʹޡ
Ϸ˿ʵΣֺαأŭܵõʲôã
㻹ҵĸ𣿣Ȼ̧ͷʵʶҵʲô;ҲӦŭ
Ϸ˿ҵģҲһ˿ΣһжǿԤģûֹķ
ļ򣬵Ȱ룬Ѿˣܷʲô飬ҲӦǰѿ²̨˵⣬ȻҪԼôԺ˵ǰҲ᲻棡
תͷһϷˣܻûȥﻹ̸ܵһ˿οתͷ˽Ϸ˵ĻУĸ
Ϸεĵıʵ׳ʲôˣ
ôʣ͵̧ͷݺݵĿƻĺˣں޲û˺
ʲô飬ûʲôϷü
̶ƻдŶ;ڱĴޣָƻлżַ񣬡Һзʱе֣
⻰Ϸ˺Ͱܿɫ̱ʮѿƻֻһθֱӳȥ
̿ȴЦᪿӣˣǶô
ұ죡Ϸ˷ŭˣ㲻ᣡ
̸ҴЦϷˣôΪʲô᣿ҲǸɱˣҶ⣬Ϊʲôᣡܰƻڵĵʲô
ܿ޿̣ǰֱһ˦ϣ죬Ҫƻǰǣһ𣬲ȻҾԲŹ㣡
ͷƫһߣЦתֶݺݵĿôɱĸɱңΪڻЩ𣿣
˵һֱӳϵĿӣŰܿ۾ȥΪʲôҪΪʲôҪ
Ϸۼֿ죬ܿһȻֶеĿӣȻŭˣ
Ƿˣȴû˿⣬ұǱƷˣʲôûˣʲôûˣҲҪ˶ȫһʹ࣡
ỵ̂ϷҲûģǱƷ㣿һжԼɵģڸ㣬ĸ׸ĸŮɱģӽ㣬Ϊôһ죬Ҫɱĸף
̿˰죬ڷӦе˼𣺡˵ôҪƫ̻ˣҪ޻
ʱƻҲ˽Ҳϵɱȷʵûʲô֤ݵĶõıȴ̨۾һ۱ϳկɱֹõıұץկͷˣ֪ԭﻨؽɱ˰ǻʱȴѾȥ¥գұ񶼣Ѿһ¶ûҵѵ֤Ԥı·𣿡
̿ŬҪıҵֻܾķ֣ĻҲֻ˵ȷʵɱɱĸס
Ϸ֪֮󣬻ܲˣʲôû˵ھȻִԲ򣡡ƻ˵һеĵ˭Ӱǲ⣬ҵ޸̫ӣǲҲ⣿ĸеȻ࣬Ͼɮɱֲǣӵİȫôлɳˣʹ࣬һжԼѡ˭ƹ𣿡
һʣ磬ջ̱ڵϣҲ׵İȥ
ϷһеĲ̣Ѿ֪ˣ㵽ô룬Ѿںˡռһ㲻䣬ֻҪڣܲڹһˡ˵꣬㿴̵Ѿ˵̫عɣ
Ѿ̵ͷȻ߹ȥ̡
Ƕ˻̷Ѿߵĸ첲ߣߵſȴȻתͷƻҵҪ
ƻ΢΢˵ͷϾɱĸףȷʵʸ֪ôΪʲô
 

İʮ 

뿪֮ƫһƬĬÿ˵ɫż
ȥɡϷƣĻ˻֡
ƻͰܿҲû˵ʲô㸣뿪ˡ
ȥ·ϣĸŮҲЩĬȻлҪ˵ȴ֪οڡ
һֱ˻ӣܿƻ֣ڵѾͷĻ㲻طϣϾ֮ûйϵ
ƻȻ֪˵ʲôѹסµĳ嶯ЦЦҶףﲻõģæһˣȥϢɡ
֪ܿ˼أܲȫȻ⣬˵˷ƻ⣬ֻ˵ǾͺãҲȥϢɣú˯һ
ƻͷԼķ䡣
ս䣬ҲѹƲסֱ˵ˮθĶͱ¿ˣ֭²ˣֻܷˮϾҵĸŻš
ͽϽǰı˶һۣȻۣȴҲ֪ΰο
þƻ̧ͷĨĨΪŻ¶ˮˣЩƲסеıŰֱһŽżߵһߣְַжɨ˵ϣЩȴ˿ܻеŭ첽ߵһߣڴͷһնֱӰѺصӿ룬תѴϵΦնɼΣЩ᪣ƽЩ
ǰһ뵽ֺô˺ϵͻƤ񣬺޲ûȫ磡
̵̣ܹǧеʱ
侲Ѿ߲սս˹СȥƫϢǽʰʰ
ƻ˿Ǳķ䣬ֿ˿ܾѾߣҲ˼Ǹ⣬ˣҪĸס
Ѿ߸ϽͷָǣҲ㳹һ
תۼ䣬ֹ죬̻ع̫֮»ʧϢڶ㴫˳
᪽ŭһ٣ϱסһڶԻϺͻʺѵȰ˵ûл޵˯鷿
õľٶóҲ۷׷ףǵȻ̫ʧ裬Ҳڹע̫Ӻͻ϶ռҵ̬ȣȻȻԶռҡ
һάûжãǱжռӵԭǱģΪ߹شϢֿʼˡ
ڱռһƽǧƷճأΪ£ġ
ҹһֱ̫᪣һ޹֮С
ռҵĵλˮǴߣ뵽ƻδޣһʱ׵˼Ҫż̤ơ
Щ˺ⳡ̻䣬ʤѾ˵ͷԡ
ʤϷڹռҲƻżңҪһŮϾռֻһãȻޡ
ϢһȻһƬȻǺܿ죬иӿռңβǴƴԼĶȥһЩСҲ׷׳Լռ
ռҵˣԺռҵˣӴļвһϯ֮ˣֱȰƻȢȥ㣡ʲôȨǰȫӰ
ЩСңֻҪԼĶӱռУԺɾͷˣ
Щ˺޲ƻ༸ãͲԺס
ռĳ棬˿ںӣԿȵˣһֱڴ˵ϷҲƣӦֱӱлֻͣ˰ѻͽɡ
һʱ񶼵ĻʦҲˮǴߣؽ󶼲һһ
Ϣһȥ˲²ռ˸Ͳעʲôעòƻǰòòø벻ռҵۣòһש
һЩòǼҾͨŵĺӵҲ˻ᣬ׷װԼĻ͵ոֻƻۣ㲻ܼ޵ռңҲܺռϹϵ
һֵĳ棬ӵң˶ϣʦܰԼĺÿһЩٲȻһѡᡣ
ЩһҲʮֵԣΪʦĴ¼ԽԽࡣ
Ա˵ɣǸֱ׳
Ͳ˵ռңСķ˲ŻҸԸȹ֮
仰Ȼ˵ƻˣͻ֮ͣȢǻҪڴҶһϣΪʲôȡһ£˵ۣĸ֡
Ǵ뷨͵ոĻҲ˺ܶˮ֣Ϊ˶ϣʦԼӢޱȡ
һſ˫ĻϷڱˣɴֵͣµһջʮʦҪ޵ռȥﻭ
 

İʮһ ֵ

ϷȷʵһЩЪ˼ǶԼòŵˣӿ˿ջȻʮʦ滹˳
ǿˣܻ¸ʦǻĺÿһЩʹϷĻˮҲһЩ
ֳʲôӣƻģ˵߶תƵĿյڵ¶ĳɨǮʱͼѼ᪰вݵĵ¶ĳͿˣȻԼڶͶһǮȥάסķ٣ɱǵߣǷֵʱһǮʧǮ˵ȫǾţһë
õЩǮ֮ƻһָ裬бһ֣ڸиҵазˣЩǮǣǴչȭţҵվȽŸԺ͸ÿ䣬ľ
Ȼֽ׶εĿľΪǮǮȻиˣҲָˡ
ˣƻͼ뿪񶼣̿
֪ƻĽˣǶͶأ׷Ѿ˿ȵĵزҳ϶ȸǰδеĸߡ
޿ײ͸֮УȻҵ١
ƻҵʱȻסһﻧŴֲѣſʲˣסڰ͸ľ
ȻԵõģƻһʱûϳΪӣһֱˣϿκոĺۼ
ƻҲ⣬˫ҡҡ׹ĴϣŻûϴҰ΢΢һЦСˡ
ƻʵЩӦϾǰ˲ʵ̫ˡ
￴Ĳ죬ЦЦ˵㾪ȣӦҲҵû֮󣬼ĶˣǾסķҵĸĸΪ˱ϵĸȴɻǮִţҽ˼Ѿˡ
⻰ƹõĻ䣬ϸЦ⣬ҵļ䵱УĸѾģˣֻн㡣ǣңǰʳҳԣʱΨһ˵ţۿͨ죬ȴˣԼǮ˵и·
˵ۿˮҲɴߺټȴǱʬ塣Ǽ˸Уȴ˱ļޣˡ˰ôͱһ̲࣬
˵ԭƽɫѾʮ̧ͷƻе˵ɱ˸ò
ƻȴĽԽԽƽֻƽʵոĻô꣬ڵɱ˰
ûа취ճ̫谮ˣҸûлᣬֻͶϷ˵ȰȰһȾ͵ô꣬ò׳ˣȴֱ͵ˣҾֻܵȰȰڣڰˣ˵ŹЦҾŵƨʬ׷ȫʬĸ˶Ҫˡ
ƻıʮֵƽû𣿡
⻰䣬ӴĽűߣҲһҵûţſճ
ƻһۣҴӦ̣ȥ
ȥֻҪ㲻ɱңҾ͸ȥĽűߣͣͷٲȻΪ˸Ѿʧȥҡ
ƻվƿվû˵ʲôֻʾ˰ȥ
صո֮Ӿþöƽһûĸףû裬ǲΪ˸ҲǸģ˲˹ֶΣûϡ
ֵ𣿸֮úȥδ
Щ˵Ѿû壬ɵԼʱȴͻȻã𸴳ĿУûʲôȵڰ޻ٵһУΪһжûκ塣
ͻȻʶǶôһĲֵ
ǣ뵽ǰֱѣɲܰѾʲôġ
ҹùе˸̴һϢһˣѾҵˡ
ûжã̱˻ӦùŸտˡڿ˰ͽĶ󣬻ҲҪӣǻ˼ң⡣
̽ոֱ֮ӳ˻ӣƻҪ
ڳԷƻ䵭Ŀһۣδ˵ʲôֻǷе꣬˹ѺĵΡ
·ϣѾʮֲȣ֮󣬱ֱӳ˹ȥűУΪʲôΪʲôҪɱ
ﳯЦЦ龭ȫ˵һ飬ҿҪúлл㣬޴βɴݵոдһ϶ҲϷˣô꣬ȻմմϲΪԼռ˶ıˡ
 

İʮ 

ѾڱԵڱˣҡţ˻ţҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ȴ߷Ц˶ͬ
ƻ΢΢üһס̣ˣ
̷ץ򿪣Ŵ򿪣ҪɱҪɱ
ʹɱĸҲزˣƻֻ˵
̶˶٣ȴӷײţҲҪɱ
ƻվһҲ
ΪʲôתͷǳޣҪɱҵĸף
ƻĸҲӦã
㣡̳ҪĲӣȴƻһѷ𿪡
ǵĶԹ޹أҴӦҴӦһһŵԡ
Ϊʲôƭңңɱװһˣ̳ƻ˻ţ̱ڵϣʹޡ
ƻĿһֿ̣һۻڴЦʳǾ仰㱨˳Ժʲô㣿
̧ͷһۣĿʼ⣬һߵȴڴЦĻ
ңһ̫ûңңǻ֮ռҵŮʺ֮λ϶ҵģϴЦ˵
ƻû˵֪̱ϽʧΪû᪵ǻһ죬Ȼʲô˵
ĻЦҲֹסˣͻȻ⣬¶˼ãתͷһ̣ͻȻ嵽ǰ̴Ҹ˳ɱҰɱҰ
⻰ЩĿһۣΪԼˡ
ȴظҵ㣬ҵɱҰʱɱҰɣ
̿ӣҲֹסЦָƻ˵㿴ӣǸӣ
ƻˣֻСĵθѹ֣һ̶ڴȥ˻֣˼̣Ȼ߳˵Ρ
󻹻صĽкɱңɱңһƻֱǵеĶ˶䡣
һֱոһǰʰ飬֮ǰ˹
Ҳȷʵֻգߵʱ˸ƻţ˵ȵ︴֮󣬱㻽Ҫɱ
ƻ̲֮סЦȻû뵽ѾˣҪĶ˭Ȼɸ
ѾΪ֮ЩԹˣһ㶼ٹЩˣ㽫ЩԺ󣬽ܹĳﱸԼ顣
ƽӣķɿ죬·ûг죬㽥ˬϵҶҲû֮ǰʻʼԳݻƺưܡ
ľӣӿʼȫܡ
һδʤʿʿҲ˿ĸʿףӪϿնƮ㣬ʿǴ̸Ц
ڰϴ趼ĻЦȾ̧ͷ⣬ϴż˿Цݡ
žЦȺѾˣǲǴŵˣ
ҡҡͷѵôɣǷɡ
ҲȥǺȺȾƷһ£Щüͷûɿ¿Ŷˡе̣Ц˵
ԼüģûˣƻǺϲأ
һƲ죬ϣԼʲôû˵תʵСǱôˣ
ΪҪסݣ⼸ն̣鱨ûнӴ٣֪񶼵
ĺܺãǱȻжϷظûЧǳûǺռҵһЩ˴ӳŪˣҲ˲˵⻰мԺ
ͼֲ֣ʵ춼Ǳأ赹һƣȻʵ
˵춼ϵЦ̱ЦҲǿɲϣһֱôʤΪǸûǮά־Ӵ̵ˣҪ䣬Ҫͣ
ô죿ûʵ
ЦһЩľԴҲһ룬ӮȥǲǻӦĸʹ죬ǲҲܿĵһЩӾֻܿڵ棡
кǵҲӮһһ͸ӮƯһЩܹԥľʹӦ͵Ҫ󣡡
û⣬²ɱƨ˻֣һԾԾԡ
迴ЦЦҲƮԶʵҲѾսϣƯ񶼣ǵԼӦƻټʱ򽫲ǰѩĺҪŵԡ
 

İʮ 

ת۱һ£ϵҶѾݻƣˬʱڣյļڣһһֵףǱڴʤ̣Ҫ飡
Ϊһͳ˧Ľսɳͳ˧Ļӽְ񣬴񣬲ֹĴһܳǳأȫֹסĽñ߹ڰ
ӢĻٲȻ˰Ŀеսʮָߡ
ڴӣǲԼͬϽֵļеӭ
ȵսӳ߽ʱ򣬰Ǵţ֮Ա
贩һɫףʹЦҲֵЦ⣬ǾЦЦģټģȴУֻ粻ְӡ
Ŀϣ⣬㻺ͬսһ㣬ܰշ׷ߵݣ̧ͷӡ
迴ߵݵˣûЦ⣬ûе⣬ֻһƬŻʹķᶨ
ҪĲһӲ̣û˿ķɣּֽ
ߵ˹ǰ༸ȥ
빬ҵĻӭȫͬûһ˻ӭǰɫҴҵĹŮǣɫĮǲ
ЩߣɫȴĺŲΪֻǼǰߡ
ߵ⣬˽ȥͨһ˱վڵȺ
һȱʱͷһֱƫɽ
ѾԹԣҲ֪ǻʹ˵һжʢ˲Ͳͷ
ȴһʼֻΪͷվţжżֹ
˾ٲ˵ʲôҲֻվվñֱ
ֱɫ찵ˣ˲˳䵭ǽȥ
һȥΪվ̫õԵʣζһЩӲ
Уڻλϣ͸żֱ䣬ױҲһĿ衣
һΪͳ˧裬˵˴ζûйʵڴľӣǴϣҲ׽
̵ȴ쳣䵭ˡֿһĸڽʿҲˡ
һڸ̸ûʲô಻ġ
Ļشϸȴ˵ʱѾˣ۳ͶٿЩظϢɡ
ʱҲ˵ǵĹѫ糯֮۹͡
ڸл
˵°ɡһ裬¡
ڸ̵ǣȸˡ
ǵͷˣлһɫ˵п˲
Ǵʤ鳯˵ǽӷϴûڳӭӣȻͶûУվһ粻˵ȻֻһƮƮˣδҲˡ
Ǹ뿪ˣԼҲڲеĺ⣬˵޸ô˵ģ㵱ʱʱôӦģΪʲôϵָʾ
ɫƽǲ˵ȷʵҪոʵķԸս˲Ϣ䣬˭ҲվȻʤˣʿǣټϽýʿǶԵоʮֵĳӣԽȻҡͲǶֹܹ˵ģϾ־ɳҪоĽʿǣʵûнѡͶ
㻹ҽƱ磡Ҫһս䣬ôһֱڰд̽ճڵλãսǰȥľӲܼʱյָһͿء
ʮ򶨣ⶼǽķԸճʵ̫ƻÿζ٣Ӻ֮ǰѰ䣬սöճӪصҲսµڽ֪ʺ̫ǲţֻʱˡ
Ѿˣ޶֤ĲҲշ˵ĻȻû˻ᷴ
޿ֵòᣬŭȻȡͳ˧ȫȻģִҪͶ˭㣡
˱飬ȴЩɻĿ̣в˵öʱʱѵǾҲʱ𣿡
дҵһ˿αװĺۼǽȴʧϴžֵɻʵ˺Ѳʱȷʵôġ
ûпڣʵѵʵ˼ǲսֱͶ𣿡Ҫڵʱֿٵҡͷͷ˵ģô˼أǶˣǾԲκ˼ϵģ
 

İʮ 

һЩһ˦̵ϣԭ˼ҪֱӽеͶô˵Ϊһ֮ȻܳȴҪ͵˵Ľ£ñ˲ȡ
Ȼô֪һʤˣԸô죿
ŭ֪͸ѾΪ飬˶Ϊֳﱸ˶ãһսʲô仯ĻôõѪͰ׷ˣܸ𣿣
ʮɻʵȻʤˣΪʲôҪͣͣҲӦŶԣ
ֱЦЦһ˵ռ֮أǹǿѵֻΪһʵһսʤǽҰˣģܱ֤ܴù𣿸οսѾðǽп죬ùеӶͶ뵽˾УѾΪ̣ͣѵҪ챻һս𣿡
ʵ֪ʱǶԵģҪҪĽЩƹûʵĻҲȷʵиɻȷʵҪһʱϢսаѡ
ܽܵǣΪԼ棬Ϊ˳ǽĹĹӵ˽£̤ʲôʸһ֮һ
Ȼ֪ҲһսԼĿģҲˣѾѾĹҪݻѾĹңԼĹҡ
̫˵ûѾڴˣΨһһ·ͣѾ·죬ͬͣҲ˵
谵ԳЦǵ޴ȻȷʵҪս޻Լ˳ˡΪֻҪսǵĳ⣬ӶܹӦ͡
ôͲһ룬սʤһһһõоͶˣǴһֱ룬ռΪʲôҪӦһѾϵأ
ȷʵռĵطϾһոճĹңûۺĻҲһ֮ϧʳ֮ζľС
ֻ֪첻ֹܹǿ⣬з˵ĿܣҲ߳ͻһ̨ףʤߵ̨̬Ǹ޴Ӿܾ
΢΢̾һЩ벻ΪһӢľӦ벻ǾֻһԸ⣬ѾˣȨƵûнƵΣѾ뷨ҲͬԽԽơ
вʲô뷨˵Ϊ׼ʹ˵ˣҲȥҪԼҽڿѡ
ʺ̫ӵĻȷʵʮеȴвס˫ֱȭʣΪ˹Ը׸ͣǲܽԸҷ
̺񽻻һ񣬷·ǵô˵
ȴû̵ͷ˵¹ش󣬱ҪزУĻǺܺõģ볯ٸ𸴰ɡ
ǲֻҪһӣסڿڣҲû˵ʲôֻǵͷӦһǡ
ĿѾﵽ̱ˣȴֲһ䣬ոջкܶҪӣھͲ糯ˣ˾޻֪ͨ㡣ˣǵҪһӣ˵Ҫǰȥ͡
ֹסЦǵ˵ͷ˵
˳˴񲻴ݲȵ뿪˻ʹصԼĽ
ոջеӭ˹ûżѯ뿪֮Ϸ顣
迴һۣѵȻҶ롣
²һȻܸһʽ顣˵
һۣ˵ҹƣӦòᳬʮ죬ҳʹ͡
ҪϲԸԳˣ繰˹֣Ц˵
迴һۣҲҪϲɣܼˣ͸˰ɣ
ڰ֣ûУûУ¾ٸˣôܱȵأ
һ˵̫磬ʱ򸸻ʲһɸңֻðݺͽ档
ɫ̿˵һа취ǲǣһҪȥ
ɲܿƵġһ²ؼʼ磬û̴ӦңҪʲôҲֻеȴ
˵Щһ;õʲôأ
 

İʮ Ȩ

񶼣迭ĵڶ죬ճҲʦس
ǽǵʱŸճżͶʮױڿһ˵Ĵϣӭǵֻг
ǵҪʱȥʱǣԸ뿴Ҳյļá
սʧȻգв̬ȡʹһսȴʤΣЩպյĹѫܱһεʧڸǵ
οĶŮѾΪ̫ռܹĵһңҲҪ֣
ȻѡŨнǣȴɰͦص߽˻ʹ糯
ػϣڱ߹ս꣬ÿһ㽫ı߹ؿһѾؿ˲ֹǧڽɽİ˽һ롣
쳹˵Ĺѫ˶Ϊ֮Ȼӡ
üճǵɫȴĿ¡
ճȴǸûзһ˵ָûһ˲ߺϵʥûһĲ鲻ԸĳΪѾҵδһ˿ޡ
ýϵʥԶĵطɲս˵˵ļƣЩɥоУҲΪˣôܡΪ˲ɸʧֻܳˣȻʧ޹ؽҪĳǳأҲס˴
˵óбһվ˵޹ؽҪĳǳأݵҪѹҪĽͨŦǱұ֮ءפأǶֹסȵصĹذҪĵطսоȻ޹ؽҪĳǳأ
ĿߣճΪЦһԭͲİͼ֮ϣҽųΪһذҲΪˣʴʣָûס
۸óһ˵սȻµģǾģ֮ĪڻϵĹɲҪ̫ˣ
ճ̶Աȭ˵ϣû˼ֻ˵ǾڳжˣҲһλ˵ĽݵԼֱҪ䳼ϣʵĿﰡ
û̻شֻһĿΪҪŭʱȴͻȻЦЦ˵Ȼû뷨޶ҳϣС˵ۡ˵꣬˰С˸ȥʮȥɴ¼ã
λ̾Ŀ˵Ļ䶼Ƿθ֮ԣ
ȥȴΪֻһ˵
̼ȥеĴ󳼣˻ߵĴϣ˵ҰĵȨӣ
ƻеŶһߣýֺͷҲȻǺһճʹָͣةĹְʾεճ
ɲֻΪճбȨΪѾ᪵ĺӣӿ᪵ĳӣԻ˵Ƿ
Բһֱ̧ճǰĳڳռҵĹȻûһ˳ӭӡ
ͽѾſʱЦ
֪󳼾Ǻ˫ɵģĻ˵ˡЦ˵
ҲͷҿӦŵģ˶֪ǱвȵģճǸЮȨ鳼
ȻתͷƻʵСΪأ
ƻһۣЦЦôûвСҰŵģĿľΪ첻ӵԤԣÿ˵жһӡ
𣿡Ѿ̾ϲʵ
ƻ˴ǵԴǲǾͼ°²˵ĵǲģ
Ѿ̰һͣ׷ǲġ
ǲôƻΪһ鿴ýζ
ʲôأѾΪùõ˽˵ѵ
Ѿ߸ϽһվãЦһֺá
ԽԽйùõӣѾͷҲܹܵסƻһۣЦŶ˵
ЩΣƻ˵Сɱô˵ɲǹܲѾͷǲܣǧټƵĹšѾͷԽ޷ˣ
˵껹תͷһ۽ͽǽѾͷ͸Ƶģϴûͣʱ򣬻ԭصĽˡ
 

İʮ ά

ƵĻƻЦ˵ʵģˡ
΢յĿƻС㣡
ãҲˡƻ˫Ͷӣַʵʲô𣿡
Դ㿴ңƤȥˣȻ¸ˡϷ˹С˹ȥ˵үҪһԶٷġ
ԭ¡ƻ˵һ˵һ·͵Ȼ󿴿ĸǱôˣ
Ƶͷȥˡ
Ϸʲô˼ƲƲ죬ҶճֺαظԷǶ𣿡
ƻһԴǸٻģ˿ɲ֪ճѾռҵˣҪǱ˷ǸճͲһģڱ˵ǲ֧𣿡
ڲǱһȨţɵøޣĲͲˡԴЩί˵
ƻѾ³ӹ·鴩˵˵㻹𲻷ޣ˵ǱֵĶ䵭ֱӹѾ߳أ
ͷϵ˵ǰߣճռҵļΪռҴȨƣʲôԶл֣Ƕ䵭һԭģƽ˲¼ɡߣҽͬҼ߳ףֻһûйʲôвȨ֮»ְɡΪ˲ɣݾߣռٻҪάֱĺг
ǣūˣȷʵū澴ͷЩ˵
ƻЦЦˣԺ¶දӱˡ
ܿȻûƻộȴײܱ˿ЦĵҲûƻȰ˵װñƻһǰ
ϯϵˣճ͸˲ûһ˳ĵġ
ֿ˿ԱվŵλЩתͷϷ˵ʲôʱôˣ
Ѿ޳ȥˣﶼ̹ˣɲˡϷ˵˵
ճͷ͵ˣ˵ǹһ㲨ûС
һƻ̼޳ȥͺһĻЦƵģȱӡ
⻰˵ƻĺһ㣬ⲻֻƻܿ
ֻ˵ԼƻûνģȻܿЩܲˡ
ǰܿȴץסµ֣΢΢ҡҡͷʾҪ嶯ΪҲνճô˵
һѵ̵棬ճҲ˵ĿģҾڸˣΪռ𡣡
⻰ֻλԱɫ˸ûӰ죬ͷû̧
Ƿճض޶ճӵķŭҪŭǿһϷˣѹеŭ
ȻڳѾȨ죬ոУĶϷ˲òɵܿƻǸһĵģûвҪ˺ǼȻĮģҲֻҪάֱĺƽˡ
ţƽȳһٷ
ص֮ƻֽӵţȻйһ͵飬ҲᵽƬлûдʯ֬ˮ
һֱ˿ţս֮󣬱Ҳ֪ͨߵˣ˶ͶˣҲӹƬʯ֬ˮһֱûдνųʹĻᣬܻͣһ졣
ʵûоĴҪһƻ
Ȼⲿֺķ˱Ƚ϶ıīƻȴҪ񶼵顣
û뵽ô죬Ҳǵ˵ϣٶ
ƻ̲סӣʮ·Ҫ£񶼵ʱҲδ졣
뵽һЩϲһЩж֪Ҳõģе鶼ڶ֮ǰˡ
һɵЦģѾѾĬĲѯʣʲô¡Ϊƻ߳ŭ
Цˣƻ˼ʯ֬ˮ顣ʯִʮֵĹ㷺ĺҲֻΪȼˡ
ұĿԲȡůǿԣҪǿΡ
ʿʼд¶ʯ֬ˮȡףҳɱܵͣΣļεĳɱ׬ȡ档
ǱξοֲȽ϶ĵطԾͽѰξο󣬼ĳɱ
Ȼ֪һЩ͵ԭҲûʲôãϾɷʲô֮ĶΨһ;Ҳգԭûֺαһ
 

İʮ 

תѹҲյ̵ټ
ʰһ˹鷿վŵ˵ʱ΢΢ЩƲסеɱ⡣
˲ǱˣѾģ߻ӣ
ڵģûλְȻ֮⣬ǰƻȥһֵһģһ
ЩƲסԼѾЩڱıԵ
㣬Բһ£ԱŲһС
ɪģ΢΢һ־ҲָһЩ
ûƻά͸Ѿ赱гɳΪһųܵˣͲǰ
ڳ˶Ѿĵ⣬ڵʲôߵܣôһԵ˵ģ
Ѿع˵⣬ָѹӵģ˵ǶʧˣʵΪߵܺһλ˳мƣղЩˡ˵㳯˹֣߻ʵܣԲסˡ
ҲϽ֣Ļˡ
һ˿ͣſżɽ˵޽ǹΪ͵顣̫Ӻλ󳼣ֻһλӹȥʵЩˣ˶Ըʹޱͬһͬʹ񶼡
⻰Цʲôһӷ̫ᣬҪһӰɡˣݵ΢һֱĬĬţΪʲôҲѡأ
Ҳǣ˵ǳʹȥӵģѾȥˣٴһеλͲܵģʵ˲¼ɣʹȥԵȥ͵ġ
Ȼкܶǣûбֳֻ˵лʳȫ
Ҳ˵лʳȫ
죬ʮֵĿġ
תͷһۣȷʵܸˡ˵ҲһʼΪһǱȵڿȷʵȥ񶼣Ҳȷʵ
Ϊʲôֻ뵽һ𰸣Ǳƻɫ̳ôѾȥˣԭΪѾƻû뵽ȻĲҪȥ
ҧҧðķֿûʲôͬĻ䣬ƫƫôһ
ȻǳգΪŭɥʧǣصǰΪһ䶯ûصǰĸޡ
ħԳҲǰ˸ţôֲ̿
Ȼ͵ʹţȻд󳼸ţʹŵİȫȻҪС
󳼲һЩصԹ٣Ҳȷʵѡһǣȴ硣
貢ģΪھлЩģҪ滻һ˶Ǻ׵ġ
һ֮󣬱Ӷ֮ʱ񶼴ţһҪʹǰȥ͡
֮߳ԭǰͻȻЩִٵ˵Ļ֣Ȼһʹ񶼣һ·ϻָˡ
ۿΪ˸õԼھͷ˵˵Ҳ߻ʵָ̡ܶ
ҲҡϴżЦȴֺãĻֵ¼Ҳ˵ģǴĿеսָʲôأ
ЦЦ诣ˡ
裬Щû뵽ȻԼͣ˼׽˻ϻӣ˵⻹ҵһγԶţлЩء
迴һۣʵΪʲôʹأ
һѡϴżֻѾܶûмˣ֪ôˡ
Цһʲô㲻ϧǧȥ
ʵҲ֪Ǿ㲻ѣֻΪ˾Ҷˣһֱûлúøл˵
輥һЦ߻ʵܻһˣ
̰˰֣Ļֹˡ
ܿ˵̸㱻ӭĹŮˡ
Ů֮󣬲˵Ļӣȥһˡ
֮Ҳֻĸһ棬˵ͷ֣ŸŹŮ뿪ˡ
վԭأԭЦҲˣҲ˼⡣
ȥ񶼣Ȼ֪˵˲һӵݣﱸ裬ȥ񶼣ԶЩˣܹпռ䷢չԼ
ԸԼͬеһܵúúõ£ʱĻװǱģԳһҪ
 

İʮ Ե

ʱѾУɻȴѾ͸ζ
Ҳ֮ǰʻѾʧȥ˻ǿֻʡ
ĸ
ϵЦҲЩ
ԼߣϵЦҲʮֵᣬ˵ˣΪûס˽㻽ˣɻỵ飿
ȻᣬԭҲĸġЦ˵
Ц¶һ˿ɬ˵͵飬ǲҪˣ
üë壬΢΢̾һ˵ĸףǶӶԲס㣬ܳңյġ
ɵӣңҲҪء֣˵㸸αװˣĸӶǳˣȥ񶼣ҪԶ񶼣߽ھеӰ죬ջرȨȻЩӦñҶӵı£ҲùңϾԼһûеһһû˳ңҲô
΢΢𶯣⼸ֻܾҪ£Ҳ£ܵıûʱ
ټԼҵҰģԼҵäĿΣòԶ̷ɽġȷʵԼͼȴǧֵԼɣҪ
һֱһʱҲ˵
ȴЦЦȻˣǲͿ㸸ʺͿΪԼǸʵǿʯͷʲôͷȥҲǽΪѰĹҪɱҪ
ֻܺúñ塣ס֣ٶȴҲ֪˵ˡ
ЦøᣬףﻹŸŶأ
ҲЦͷ֤
ûڹд̫ʱ䣬صԼլԺѾڹסڹҲûиðլۡסǰʦس֮ʱʹ͵һլԺ
ģ䲻СǱһӸסĵطһЩưܡ
ľҲӦܸ÷үˣȴǻӵݣһΣȷʵĴ󽫾ţ⣬ʵҲӡ
߽ӭȥˡЩ߷߲ƽҲ̫ˣլҲһ£ԺӶûа¸ɲã
費ЦЦ˷ϵĻң⣬סˡ
һЩɻ󣬵ͷӦȥͣ
˵ͷɫʵǱʲôôܲ볯ˣûз𣿡
ô˵΢΢һڷħ˻֣Ǿ޴ĺ˵Ҳش
ҲǺϾʱ䶼ڹעս£û춼Ϣ˶˵Ҫһʣ
ͷȻɫԣҲûѯԭ
ûãİ˽
β볯ʲô޾ϸȫ˵һ
軹û˵˵
̵ͷ˵ǰ
ԭΪ͵飬̺һҪⳡˣһͣ˼ȥûкܺõѡֱѲһ߻ӣһϼڼûĸ壬ڳҲûĻʣȥˡ
ǱϾûг˵ҰУֱ˷飬̫ӸС£Ҳ̻и߻ӡ
һ˳ϵ飬ԼҲ֪ƾΪͣһԼ˵Ըʹͣ˱˽顣
Ц̺㾡һû뵽ǼʲôĶһѪĶߣȥ񶼼ֱǸһչĻᡣ
ҲţԼƤӵ£ܲڷʲô
˵ҲûʲôձǿƽҲţûʲôʣвµʱż
ͷȻĵطǳס躹ޣ뿪춼ĻᣬȻӵĳס
һüͷתͷ˵ʧְûмʱߵӡ
û¡迴һۣ˾Ƥӵ£ʲô⡣
翴ȷʵûʮֵ⣬ҲԵһ
ȷʵûôϣЩòðƻ˵ָô˵
 

İʮ 

ڶ죬ƻкճ극³ԷûгԣѾѾ׼˷ʳ
ºһ࣬˽ŵݸ
ƻ߽ŰӣˣǱ㹴һ˿Ц⡣
гЩûнʲô˵һ˵·ϻΪʯ֬ˮЩг̡
еģ˿˫ˢˢԼ۾ƻɤӣʲôǣ
СҪˡЦ˵
ҲЦūҲСҪˡ
ҲСʲôԸ
ƻһúǼƽϣֻּһӣպ춼ʹűҪˣϢضµ𶯣Ƕ׼ɡ
Ҳ˵Ц̬ȣ̵ͷӦ
ƻһ࣬װ˵ҲҪǱʲôţǾϰɡ
˽һ񣬲ųǡ
ǽƻʵھķ˻Ƕ˳ȥˡ
ƻϣ͵һ񶼣óҰһƬ𶯣̷ֳΪ׵һͬͣճΪ׵һս
᪵˼ȻҲ˼׵ģȻڳ
ճȴ쳣ļ֣佫Ȼհ
սѾԹҲսðϢ˵սڱ߹شֻ̣ҪǮҪ֪ڹѾ顣սܣøʧ˴㣬βս
ճҲֻ΢ͷ˵ϣӮǽҰˣֻҪóٴγսһľɱƬײֱȡ춼ȴĪҪ춼ĹƣִϢĻᣡ
һԲƺ˼
ȻҲĵģǲٴ󳼶ЦĲճѾĹѫȻ֪㣬Ҫ̡Ѿֵʮֿݴˣȥҩȡˡ
˶׵ĵѾȨƳͷԵճȴͲף첻˵Ͽǲų֮ǰҲ˵飬ǳԼѺͱ߹أնȥڽɽ̫˵ѵϵ˼ҪԼ𣿡
䣡⻰ʲô˼ѵҪռҲɣ㵱Լݣ֮пӳٹһݣ
Ҳ΢ŭմ˿ǾøʿǷģ
ճüͷȻֹ˼ֻϣܹú˼ڵľƣĪΪǰ棬ͷֱ֪Ļᡣ
һ˵ʣΪμȻӮضʿǣ̣пܻܾˡοѾ֪ѾǲսʤˣǱˮһսʤҲǲʤʤ˵ûбҪΪĴۣ궼ֲģ
ȸ飡
֧ճǼ佫д󳼶ͷ˵
һΣճҲʮŭ˵ξͶ϶²ʤأֻҪϸᣬһףľ޼᲻ݵġ
һڣǿסŭ˵ϣ̫ӵ˵ĵ֪ǱֻӵĶӣֻҪѹһݣһֱһҪڴʱ
ǳʲôĿģⷬȷʵû˵ȻѾ϶ѡͣʧܣһеĺ
ǾԲճսģΪڵѾϵʳѰˣҪ˵ٴνѫ
Ȼ䶼̫ӵĹ۵ȷǱͰɡ˵
ճ̴˼
ͲֻѾ˰飬˵ͬͣ춼ʹͰɣ
ǳأճٲҲ֪ŭֻܱ졣
ɢ֮᪻ص鷿һЩ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
Ȼı˵һ飬ǵǾ
Ȼһֱ֧˲ǱˣʹҪ衣
ȻһֱҪӰ죬ҲʮֵĲƽϾһʲôµĴڡ
֮ǰαԵģҪƻľ棬иǲ
֮ĹϵǱѰƻ䵽ֱ绢ǵвԣһҪ֮ǰɱƻУ
 

İʮ 

ǰճظƻѾ֪糯淢ʲôˣ˵ǰԺЦһ
еʱճԴÿЦ֮ǰȻһ˴ĶǲҪճˣһˮܣȵճһɾ裬ǺܾܿҸͷ
ǵ֪Ҹɱһܣÿ糯䣬Ȼǰ᪺ӣֱѰ·ʱճҪùˡ
ӲùոµӾͺùˡƹ˼ܲһԷҲͲõճԷԵˡ
Ȼƻϣ˺ճڳ֮ܵżʲô飬ԻǴȫˡ
ſ˶ʼѹıȨһ˼󽫵£˲СְΪϾĹϽ֮£ͬ⣬ҲֻܵܿШһǶУؽڶ˶ӣж㡣
һ糯֮󣬻صոʹ
죬Ϸ˴緹ճһͻȻ˽߲֪˵ʲôɫ䣬ǰҲƲסԼŭֱӰϰ˶ɨ˵ϣŭ̫
Ϸ˿űȹǣüͷôˣϷôƢ
ʱճҪľǼ֧֣οҲҲո棬Ҳû˵ǻϣȻԶûֱӴӪ򾫱˵ǳʵǷӪԱ춼ʹš
кβףϷüʡ
ճŭȻףӪҵҪҪҲŶԣοҪӵʥּҲܶȻֱӵµ˵еĻѾˣ
ԼȨʧĻȴûд˾ȷʵЩ֣ҪճҲôơȨҲ䵽Ȩûǣƣֻո棬񶼵ĹŹ嶼һֲУʵƻԼĸ
ò˵һֱߵõһ塣
ƻЦٵķѾˣΪ£ȨȻ굽̶ֳȣֱԼͬߡ
ֱжĥɱ¿Ҫڱ߹ƴƴ񶼵ĸǣҰʦسż죬ѾȲҪң浱ճͻԴ׸ɣճੲݵĴŭš
Ϸ˵棬ֻĪҪ˵㲻ڵ꣬Ѿ׵վ˽Ÿ⻰ҪǴĶռҲҪ֮֡
ճһϷˣҲŭ˵Ϸ˵ûֻȻᱻȥֻǲܿռұˡ
ϷһҲռܰˣǣ㱻һʲô취
Ϸ㻹ڹңճüͷʵ
ϷҲ㣬ҴһʼͲͬôҪִ⸨ȻֻԼʡ
ճһϷ˻Щȷʵûռҵ֧֣ϻλڵȷʵռһɵġ
ȻɶϷֲ֧ԼеŭҲֲŭΪô˵Ϊһ·º͵ˡǵмȻżռҶ̧ͷ
ճҲһͷһ֮֮µӢʲôܹŪԼⲻˣֱŭ˼㡣
ҲǷŭı飬ȻԲˣ㶼ˡ
ػӵ·ϣܿЩ˵ǸӣǸˡǾŮҲҪˣأڹƺ޲ҪŪ
ƻЦЦŰܿĸ첲˵˵׸ǶûйϵˣԼҧˡ
ճѾϳռףܿҲЦһƻ˵ûдô֣Ƕûʲôϵ
˵Ҳȶ˺̬ΪĵùԸˣϾ֮ѾûйϵûбҪΪĳɾͶˣȻҲûбҪΪʧֻܶ
ҹƻ˯ûжãͻȻһ춯ˡ۾ںڰľˣͬڵĴ⣬ǹһĨЦ
Ѿ˺ܳһʱˣ֪˭ҵĲӬȻҲ߷ɡ
ڴûжİȴѾ˴һ
ߵĶƻû֮ǰľ裬ɺĴһǷΪܴոĻʲôݽɫһضˣû˼
 

İʮһ 

ƻûп԰̿͵Ĳܿոµע⣬һʱոһƬƻͨ
ճ˸ϵӵʱ򣬴̿ѾĲˣֻʬ塣
ȻǱ뵽ĿȻƻ
ȻճɲϲĵɱģϾûгΪ̫ԤҲûʵ֣ԷɵĽġ
ο⣬ոҪһ¶ʱǴʱƻ£ո˵ܴ裬鷢
ʲôճֽһ֮̿󣬴ȵ
ҲʣµĴ̿ͣһߣһΧ£ԺС
ѯ߳ճ˵ҲǺӦʿµĻҲѾԾˡ
ѵصİճҲܲζҲеļޣ˵һû֤ݵı־
ǣҲܸӵĵͷӦ£Ȼʼϵʬ
ճһ۰ܿķ䣬ֿһƻķ䣬ҲûʲôҪѯʵվԺûжŰѲĽ
ûãһذ˹˵϶ʽĲϺ͹գӦòѰӵеġ
ճֻɨһۣһϳֵ°ĻȻԶ
һץסذףŭ졣ٲϲƻҲΨһĺӣϷиոϣҪҪ׾ո·ֱճۣɱ
ƻȻһֱûгȥҲվڴߣΣճŭɶӣĻʹҲ
֪ҪɱӦҪ񶼵ԵʣǿճŭӣӦһ˼
Σ˵ľӦע
ʧȥצӵϻҲһ׸ĲèˣƻԸ⿴
ϣϷ˵֮󣬸Ǵճȥһʹ
֮ճϷԺ֮߳˼ţ鷿ﲻ֪ʲô
С㣬ҪҪȥһ￴ڴ߿ƻʵ
ƻҡҡͷǾʲôҪʲôȫȤǿԤϵģ޷ǾôԸֺˣܾˣҴе
ҲǣҲû˵ʲô
ƻ˸ǷЩ˯ʱ򣬽߽˵С㣬Ϸȥһˡ
֪ˡƻ˴۾ǿ·ȥϷԺС
ƻ߽䣬ͿϷڰϣŪʲôɫһЦĸҹΪ˸ѡɣ
Ϸ̧ͷһۣôô⣿
ǲ⣬ĸˡƻϽȥסĸ첲ֺõЦ
Ϸ˺һʾ̿Щ˵ЩͽˣһֱҪˣϹͷǲʲôΪˣҪЩˡ
ô˵ƻЩףǿ˿̿ЩֽһЩǷһЩǴŰ鱨
ĸǡƻЩȵĿ
Ϸߵһ£˵ЩռҵĲҵҲǴΪܡʵ󲿷ҶճˣЩһЩȽƫƧҲΪ֪ĵطһôġ
ƻһʱʧȻҲϣϷܰոȫԼϣĵһ̣ǰĺˣȴһ˿
ոϷ˵άߵڵԴȪûոϷҲٵĿή
Ϸ˲ûвɫеЦż˵ոʣµİҲ㶼㣬һЩȽص鱨㡣ֻ⾫ʵڲˣҾһԽ㣬Լɡ
ƻĸҪжңĸԺʲô
ûϲɫǵǣϷҲЩɻ󣬡ҸʲôٳĻ£Ժӡ˶ЦԺû
ƻ˵ոĸȫѪĸȫҲû⣡
ϷЩЦжĺۿɵӣ˰ͲðĶߣôһ㶼ʣأ
˵һ̾ոȷʵҴ뱲ӵѪҲȷʵ뱣һ֣뽻ȥҲոܼ׳ĸ㣬Ҳ㣬ʱ÷ˡ˵ҲˣЩ龫Ѿˣæ˴뱲ӣҲúúЪЪˡЩûбҪĵģЩϽߣ˯Ҳܰĵġ
 

İʮ 

Ϸ˵ƻʵһҽЩĸĵĻԸ⡣
Ϸ˵˵ͷ˵ԺʲôȥɣĸԺԲˡ˶٣ֵֻǲʲôһɡ
ֻҪĸڣһġƻͷ
ϷȻĵͷãЩʰʰȥɣҶкˣ˭ֱȥС
ĸһһ¡ƻ˵
Ϸʣ˵ɣʲô£
ƻֺã˵ĸҲ֪ڵȰѻ»һȵ鳾䶨ˣճ̺òã
Ҫһص˽ⲻˣҪһֱţϷüͷҪУǾҸѰ˼ұˣйģ
ƻ˵ҲûоЩ鰡
Ϸ˺һۣЩܹʲôֻҪһԵľǡ
ĸƻûзӣֻҪ
Ϸ˵סӣһ˵ƻĸǲˣ
ƻ΢΢һͷҡø˹Ƶģʲôˣôܰ
ôֻҪ£ʮֿܣûˣϷ˵żӡ
ƻָϽҡͷҲͣİţڼ˶ӴˡΪʱҲô˵ġ
ϷܾЦмֽӲһ룬ȷʵûнӴʲôУҲʱ뷨ʵΪʱʣ
ģƻ̵ͷˣȻĸĸôǲǣ
ϷŹһ´Ѿͷеġһȴ˵ƻҲĸ㡣Ҫ֪öѾˣ㻹ûгףʲôֻ֪ˮοʲô꿡ĲҪٴһ㣬ɾҪɱˣ
ĸôأҲŸոʮٹ꣬Ҳֲңƻһͷ˵
ģϷֻÿɰȤ̲סڻ˵ǣ˵ûֲ㡣ҪǳٳٲЩſȴȲˣ
ƻЦЦ˵ֻҪԵ֣жۣܻġ
Ѿͷ
Ϸ˱ŷˣ֮˵ȻŲɣô˵ҲͲ˵ʲôֻôӦҰŵһߡ
˵һỰƻ뿪Ϸ˵Ժӡ
Ҫط˽塣
ô⣬ĸʲô𣿡ƻʵ
ش֪СȥϷū澹ʣСûС
֪ˡȻȥһ·͹ȥƻͷ˵
㸣˸ӣȥˡ
˴֪Ϸ˽Сȥʲôɡ
ƻͷϵı仯ڸҲĸ׹Ҳвɡ
˵˷䣬ٻһ
ܿϽһĻָָ˵Ǳ
ƻûжǵĸ첲һϡ
ĸ⸱ĵͼҪðƻһʵ
ܿҲһۣŻҪһ°ɡôϲ
ƻĵͼ˵ͷ磬ǸЩˡ
ĵЩ̫ׯˣһɡܿЦ˵
ƻðۣܿϽ˵ϲĵҲСˣǸöׯһˡ
ʲôʱϲִϵĶˣܿҲôúŪģʵ
ƻ˵ϲϵĶֻϲֿĶʲôɫ˾
ȷʵϷԣܿͷӦˣһڲʵϷ˽ȥʲô𣿡
ƻͷĶȫˡ
ܿһҲδϲɫ΢΢̾һϷ뿪ҲãΪո˴뱲ˣҲܺúϢϢˡ
ĸһ¿ܲӦĸпվͶȥƻҲ̾Ϣ˵
ܿ˵ﵹǾñȶˣϷ˼ȻôİѶˣ϶һʱ嶯Ѿ׼ˣδػʲôʡ㲻ҪСĸ
ƻԼҲ룬ҲЦ˵ĸ˵ûȷʵŮԼˡ
Ϸ˴˾ٵĿģɸ˵ˣܿʵǵģճ棬˲ܳɰܣҪһТ
ƻ˵û˵ʲôĿġĸ˼ϣռܶճ
 

İʮ 

ܿüͷճȻ⻹ռҵˣҪ̸ס
㲻ģֻܾ䡣ƻ˵
ƻ䲻ӣܿӦ׼˵ͷ˵Ǻðɡ
˶ʵһֱ㣬춼͵ʹû衣
ĸô
ƻóȻشҪ̽̽Ŀڷ硣
ӣˣܿȴֱʵ
ͳ侲İܿƻֻõ˵ͷȷʵ
ʲô㣿ֽܿʵ
ƻЦݽӲĸ׵˼˵
ܿһۣװͿ˵ֻΪͣ˵û׵Ĵ㣿
˵ʲôأƻǾװɵʲôҸʱ򡣡
ܿһɸֵĴ˴Ķͷ⺢ӣǲ֪˵ʲôãôôأΪҲ֪һٶľܾϷ˸㰲ŻΪʲôѵΪ˵
ƻЦݳ׽ϣ㻹ҪװɵȴҲҲ˵ˣֻõ֮ܲٷ֮ǰˡ
ӣܿȴһ΢ŭҪֺαôĵĸ˵Щ
ƻϽ˵ңԼûþҪôҪô֮ĹϵҼԼ·Լź
ܿ˵ѣŭݱҲɢˣֻ̾һҲֻǿʵۡ
Ŀġƻ˵ȷʵҪʱ䣬һúô֮Ĺϵﵣĺʧ
ܿ˵ͷ˵ã㡣
Űܿ۵ȫȻΣƻҲòٴ濼˵Ĺϵ
ԴӴ֮Ӧʼ֮ĹϵƺҲƱӱܵȻѾ˱仯ƻȴһֱû֮ı仯
ЩĲɻص˷֮ᵹϣ֮˫̾һ
鲻飬һİ취ԽԽ벻һ
ǾȰŵһߣֻ˳Ȼ
ʱķɿ죬ʹŵҲԽԽ
˲ֻͷȴ£ͷȴ£ҲʮֵӣǷȫ˴ճӪгľڳаѲ߶ӣʹ͵ʱ䣬ʲôʲôӡ
ʱԽԽȣƻҲԽԽǿԣɳĴ̿͵书ҲԽԽãǼʹˣûнӽƻķ䣬ͱˡ
Ūƻü϶˯þʮֻᷳͱһ¶ĳЩʱǴɱԼ顣
һĴɱճԽԽŭǳ˼οҲڳˣĲ٣ڳϸĬͳĬҪ˵ײ
˭Ҳ֪зߺҰһ賤һЩ顣
պ󣬺ƺƵʹھ񶼻а֮ңʱ򣬾һɽڵʱ򣬱ͻȻɽϮˡ
Ȼ࣬ΪɽĵΣüײβʹűضϣЩɽǺܿͰΧһΡ
ߵɱ̲ס书ߣǳȥһǸֻߵܹסЩɽˡ
ҲֹסޣΪͻȻһʱòˣǰˡǵһ죬ǵһ죬Ⱥɽû׼Ϯ˱ˣǡ
ڿɺãͲڶȴΣ֮С
߻ӣ³ߵͻȻߺ
̴ΪҪȥʲô
ѾΧǣҪͻΧȥС߻ӿЩ³ǺñͻΧ
ЩˣЩİЩɽ˸ͲǵĶ֣ҲҪƾеӣġ
Ȼ书ߣȴʹ֪ȻȫΪ˱ԼͻΧǾֻһ棬ҲûлĻᡣ
߬еĽٵƿֻͻΧһ
֮̽Χס
ЩɷɽˣЩǹӣǴλӢۺúֻΪֺαɱˣǳֽǿԴߣϣǲҪ˺޹
 

İʮ αװ

Ǹûκ˴ЩɽˣȺɱһһĿ
ӣҲӦȺҪϽɱ̴ߴߵͻΧ
һɽ֮ϣעɽ淢һС
Ǹһ˿Цתͷʵʲô?
һ£˵ЩЩԾǾﲻҲ˵
ϸЩɽ˴磬ս֮ʱĬôΪܵĲç
ôһ㲦ҲƳڣڿеıȫʽ̾ӣԣôоӣѵǱˣ
ЦһճܣҲ񶼰֮ôܻбˡ
ӵ˼ǡֹ
û˵¶˼
üͷֹͶʲôô
ЩʤѾճϵҫЩֵҫ̸ףõ֪ֽһ㣬ʤңֻҪһֱ֮㻹°Ȼ
ֹͣսЩ뷨Ͷʵˣôܸģ
ⷬҲ¶˲мı飬¾ȻΪһ֮°ˮ֮еˡ
ֹסЦΪһ˽ȢŮɵʲô
˵ѾʼͻΧɽǿűסҲҵĿ꣬Ӻηϳ塣
Ǳһ֣һʱЩмܣʱŵɫҵĻеĽ֮¼ЩԱԼ
͹ĳ̬Ŵ˳ȥ
£ԭ׺ޱȵɽˣ˲䱻ĺ޻֮ͷܡ
Ǳ׷Ͼһǰһľ޴󷴲㶵
Цϻһǵӣ߹ȥеʵΪԣߵܾˡ
ŻعеĽֵֿˣССܻҪлִȡ˶ֽ˵ֲǲôôõô죡յĹ׷
ôʣ̿˿ȣʵҲû䣬ֻµг̣ſӱ޵ĸߵϮҲΪɡ
Цݽ˽ȷʵɣϸýСþּȻûȫָǲҪڴˣǿЩȴϢɡ
ЦЦ˵ҿʵҲʮֲʣӦûмĳ棬ҲЩЪŰɡ
˵תԼ
ôһѣע⵽ΧЩѪģʬ壬ԼŻѪԭɷ׵ɫְЩѹסҪŻµٵĵ
ﰵô᲻ף΢¶㲻ҪȻܣ߬ȭͷһ졭
ĺ׳־ֻһ㣬ȻЩӢޱȵȴֳɵԼһܳ
Ĵ֣ȴĲҵλĻ֡
Ⱥɽ˵ʬ֮˱·ûȺɽ˾ʲô·
һպ͵ʹ̤񶼣ڳſӭӣɫ̴䣬ϴμʱųµıʿھȻҡһĻӣܿסЦӭȥ
̫ӷ֮ǰӭԶĹ
ȻҲЦȴһ˿⣬뵽ƻ޸ǰˣҪѶԷĳ嶯
̫ӵǿˣĻӣλµ߻ʵܡλǰҲǴ͵ĳ⡣
ЦʺͱȻỳĳ⣬Ҳܸܵҷĳ⡣Ѿ磬Ϊλӷϴ
ˣǱ̫ӵ´·ˡҲЦ
᪲ʱĶߣѵͲ棬ıʿôͻȻ˵йĻ𣿡
ɫٴδ䣬Ŀв˺⡣֣Ҳֻܵȵع֮ѯǰסеŭ⣬ѸٻָЦŶ˽˹
νĽӷ繬磬޷ĿġһʾһҪһȣ𳡵ǾԲ١
Ǵ֮񶼵Ĺ壬ƻȹŮҲ֮С
Ե߽ƻȻҲڵʱ̴ȱȱȤȻ񼸺ƻϣοʱյ˼֮ࡣ
ƻЩձһڹŮ˲ȷڿľ˭
 

İʮ 

һڹŮȻû뵽λӣȻĿʣһĿƺһΣкĿûһŮֵܵĿ⡣
ƻйʲôľ̾һֱͷоϵĻơ
ӣֻǺˣϵЦӵᣬĴǣһò̾Ļӵķɡ
˻ȷ˭ȴĺܣǺ⡣
һˣƻյ񶼵ʱȥոʱ˱㻥ƵʱҲʮֲġ
ڿ迴ƻֱҪˣǱһ㡣
ֵȻҲƻˣǰʤķ绪ҲЩ
ɲ裬۾ֻһЩ죬ôˣͻȻЦôᡣ
ͷƻͻȻ˵ôӹһλ߻ӡ
ƻһ̧ͷǱȥ濴վߵ
ԭѾҪʱ䣬ǴʱˣûʲôİĸоΪʱĳС
ʱ΢ЦˣȴʱǸĿԼʬЦˡ
ƻ˫ճȭŭͳ΢΢ĲƲסҪɱˡԼϵõЩجΰʹ࣬ǧ򱶵Ļ
һڹŮλӵУû˷
⣬һֱƻϵ裬ȴһʱ䷢ĲԾ
ܸоƻĳ޺ͱߣף֮ǰ춼Ӧ㲻ǴӺζأ
Ȼи뷨Ƕû£ָ
Цλ۳Ͷ٣ضˣЩɡ
֮Ц˵лԺ̸һ£Ҳʮֳġ
ЦЦȻĴ£ȻҲʮֵء
˵һЩѵĻʽʼˡ
ƻλòǺܿǰֻмλãĶ棬˿迴
ȻţżͶҲϣƺѾôŭ
ߣʮֵĸˣȻÿȥʱƻƿߣȴҲ֤ڹעԼġ
Ȼ֪ĺ壬ҲҪӣȥ
ȻƱյ˭Ҳû͵顣
ϾҪȻ漰棬ҪǩЭԼҪʲôĴۡ
еһõʱԼǰ߳վڴ˵ϣΪ˱ҷĳ⣬ǻ׼һҪ׸ϡ
˵̴꣬ӵ˵ͷ̴ӳȥûжã̧һ޴ʺɺ˽
վɺԱߣЦ˵ɺϵףµɺһ߸߹󣬸ϣܴ𡣡
ĹάʮֵƴЦãã̫ˣޱˡȻ˵̧ⷿȥ
ӣĴҲһɣ˶¶˼ֲм
ȴһֱ״ӣȻɴЦ⣬ȴԵĸо֪Ǳ׼ġ
ǾĲ֪װ֪ǾͲ˵ˡ
˵ҺĻЩʱգһܰ͵ƴãΪһķ羰
ȻҪйĻӷԼڣ˼ԣҪΪʵ˼ܰԼƤӵ£ò
˵߻ʵǿˣǿˣҪöԣ޻дأ˶˵Ѿ׼һԺλǾס£ʲôĵط˵
˵ͷл¡
صλʱ򣬿һɫϵЦ⣬Ҳмֿ⡣
ƻҲмֲõɫ
ûи裬춼Ǳ߾ǲȥ춼Ϊʣһǵĵˣ
˵ԼΪûǰӰ߳һվĶ棬ҪΪǰЩӰ졣
ƺҲƽһЩҲͷųԼ⡣
ת䣬ȻҲ迴УģΪԼ鵹Ҳ˼֡
 

İʮ 

ϾڹϣƻҲûл˵
һֱȵڹǰפһᣬŵȵ߳ƻ
δӭȥǵ߽Цŵδ죬ŵԡ
ƻһЦδش𣬶Լȥ
Ҳ׷ʣֻǸһξಽĸ
ƻߵϣ˽ϵ磬תͷһۣ˵ηȻûе˵ҲѾˡƺûôˡ
˵꣬ͷҲص˳ᡣ
վԭصѾƲסǣֻȭͷ촽ǿЦ
˳ƻҲ΢΢ҧҧԼָףЩԼΪʲôҪ˵ֻ
һۣЦЦ˵ôСôӣū澵ǾùӿܽҪĲܺú˯ˡ
˵һֿۣƻ˵С㲻⣬ظҪһʱ䣬Ϣһɡ
ƻ΢΢˵ͷͷƫһ࣬㿪˵ߣϢˡ΢Ķ䣬ǳ
ӣЩǶ֮ǰĸҲ˽⣬ȷʵ๵ġ
Ŀƻ뿪Լ
߹վԼϵʹ˹ʵĻֺС𣿡
ƫͷһۣ⻰ҵҪ㣬𣬾Ȼ⣿
ЦЦ˵С춼ΪʵʱҡȻȥôãӦҲûȫҵġ
Ǿ֪ۿСһֱ춼Ϊʵ鵱һֳ裬߻ʵȷԸǵ𣿡
ȫס֮żһ˿ЦݣƻΪ˾һܹˣӦòȫɡ
⻰еȭͷѾ߬ˣΪǵϣ̲סЦһ˵ʰɡ
˵꣬ҪȻĵʵĻֻûлشңСʲôϵ
ôģһЦȰ㻹Ƿݲе˼Фġ
ңûУֻЩˡǾѿǻ˵
ֱӵƿֻͷһۣòҪɲ죬ˣһһ򱶵Ĳˣ˵
Цάֲסҧ޺޵룬ԼһӣƾʲôôвԼ
֮ļ죬ǺúϢΪûټǽƺ̸Ľȡ
ĿģȻҪţòҲܸõס衣
糯֮᪸鷿͵顣
ҲûסʳԼһֱ⣬ʣʲôʱ˵һ£ǸĻӾôһ¡ΪʲôԸıʿ񶼻Ծ
֪ʣҲûж⣬ֻǷеţüͷ˵ǸʲҪ㣬Ϊȷʵûôʣοֻ飬޹ء
ô£ô˵᪸ӵĺͿ׷ʵ
ŰԼˣϻҲһַ֣Ұ᪡
֮ʮֵ𾪣ҲᶨҪ뷨ϾǵУһͷϵĽʱ̱вʳѰ״̬ûܵˡ
ЩˡԵ˵
ЦЦ⵽ûʲôôгϢһǿѾȫʵֻǡ
ֻʲô
΢΢üͷľƻҲˣĹϵһ㣬Σֱּܻ£ض绢ոΨһĵŮʱոܵ꣬˵һǳв
᪳һ˲Ȼ˵һ취
ʲô취
᪼˵ƻˣʱȲܼ޸裬ҲռҷָǵвҲûôˡ
⵹Ǹð취˵ͷȻʵʲôѡ𣿡
˵ڳʵӣһһõԶã޸ˡ
⻰üͷ֮ͬǰôû޸㣬ȢοӻźӣôȢĽأ
ҲΥ롣ɷнµ˵
ҡͷ²ףŰɡ˶˵пնһ̰ɣϾҪԺĵճӣҲ޵Ļʳá
΢Եǵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
 

İʮ 仯

ȻӦ᪲ûȥֱ̣ӻصԼ޵룬ЩҩĽȥ
̸մӻʺлڻ·Ů˵Щҩġ
֪ˡ˻֣˵岻ʣͲˣӴ߰ɡ
ǣ
ûжãŮֶһ˽һ첼
Ƴһۣͷϵùҿ
Ů̶˹̫Ŀ
ƿײϷżӣһһ򿪣˿ҩģͻȻЦһ¿ˣζҩȻζǻѪҩ˵˸ԼѾ߸¡Ķӣû뵽ԭҲôӡ
̵ƢԽŹ֣ĥ͸⻰ûһ˸˵
̫һҩĵ˲ģȻǵµ˼
һֱߵѾߣ˵䡣
Цģ±ߵūô˻ʳ̫ͻѪҩģǷ˲ɣ
˵꣬͵һӣ棬ӦΡ
̫ŮϽһ첽߹ȥһסֱ֡ϴһӣѪֱӿ
죬ȥ̫ҽ
ȴ벻⣬ȥʲôȥ˶֪̫Ӹ˻Ѫҩǲǣ˿Լ֣ˮϴɾͿϽҩˣ
ǣ
ŮҲٶԣֻҪĻȥˡ
Ƴһϵҩģţȥ͸ʺ
⡭ŮЩԥ
̺ȵȥҾҪ֪̫ӵΪǻ벻뱣ӣҪȻǴ͸һ컨ˣҲܽѣ
㣬ŮҲ˵ʲôֱӶ̳ȥˡ
ƽ˸¡ĶӣʵЦ
ֹ죬ƻŰܿ˵˽˵ˡ
˭ܿʵ
˵Ļӣ˵ݷүġ
ĻӣܿĿӵĿһƻƻϽͷŪϵͼǸûһ㡣
ܿ˵ȻݷүģǾͲǰȥˡ
С֪ˡ
֮󣬰ܿͷ廨ǲʵôĻͻȻոݷˣ
ƻ֪Լװʵ̫ˣҲɻ˵԰ôͻȻҪݷճˣ
ܿ˫΢΢һУô˵ǲ֪Ҫˣ
ҵȻ֪ƻ˵֮Ҳûôϵ
˵ʼ磬޹˵ôôأ
ܿһһ˽⣡˵ʲôûϵ涼˺ü˰ɣոȥģ
ƻεôôأûУ
Ҳ˵ѵӣܿɫźЩûоã
ģƻʵΣֻòĸ첲
ܿûа취˵ãвС
ƻЦ˿ӣŶԡ
ΪʲôճĲ֪ܿʵ
ƻͷϵЦҲЩȷʵ֪ʲôĿġ
ʱճѾ鷿ˡ
ʲôĻӸˣճλϣżЦ⣬۽üɴư
ЦЦ˵ѵ񶼣ȻҪݻһսϾô꣬Ҳ˰ɡ
ճЦһ˵̴꣬ҿǲŵģϾ꣬ĻӦúҲŶԡ
⻰˵ģڶѾ׼ˣʲô޲޵ġˣҲ֮ǰǳ̰ɡЦݣ˵Щеʯ֬ˮľȣսôҵЩʯ֬ˮģôأ
ճЩŭݣʤ˱ҳ£ʲôý黳ġʯ֬ˮҪˣǵȥûָ㣬Ҳŵ
ЦԽ󣬡⻹ý˵ˣֶ֪ʱûͷһԵĲ裬һڣճ¶Եõɫ֮󣬲˵˭֪һˣѾҵʯ֬ˮ;Ӧúܿˡ
㣡ճѹƲסŭĻΪңǾذɣ˵ʲô֮Ļң
ЦЦսǼӣЩ˳ŽĻ˵ˣô˵轫أͽѣȻԸҲͲǿˡȷʵһҪܽ˵˵
̸ѳɶ֣ճĺ˺ֻԼĴӵΣգֻӣʲô飿!
 

İʮ ̸

ճһ͵ӣЦһţΪ˰ɽ˴ɱ޷졣
Ҳʲô¡ЦһֶһڣŻ˵ֻڽ֮ǰһɽڣһɽˡ
˵ſһճҪķӦ
ճɫ糣΢⣬ĺûйϵƵģŶ飡ЩɽҲ̫ˣȻǵĻӵͷϡ
һȺͨɽˣȻڻ¡Ц˵ȴֲ֮ǰʮ·
ճɫ糣Ļ¶˼־ȣǿһȺѵصɽˡһҪллĻˣ⼸ұȥǡ
ǽһˡдżֺ⣬ճҵĻû˵꣬罫˵ɺã
ĵӣճȴ޹һ㣬ѾԿ϶һǿ˶ߣԼġ
鷳ص飬ôܳϣ˵Ҳܺ棬ӾҪ˵ʲô
˵ҵĹ۲죬Щɽ˱ضǳӪҲ׵飬սֵѵѾɣ
ճֻǿǵһ㣬һɣȴŭȻ飬һȥӪг飡
ԼĵЦ˵˵Щ˶ǽ˼ٰģĿľΪֹͣ
˵ʲôճ̼ΪʲôҪ飡ⲻһ֮ʣôȷЩȷʵǱ
ѾϵЦݣۿô˵ЩǸû֤ݣҪͱǰһץͷǸϸָ
û˱ȨǾϵһ㣬׸ˡ
ճһ˼ҲĿô
Ҳһ㣬Ȼֱֵǰ˵ͻлء
Ȼһˡ˵꣬ȥıαϣģ˲ұӣӦòùɣȻҲ²ߡ
ʲôϵճûбһӸӡԭһ黫թˣƽǸӵˣɵ
˵ȷʵûйϵֻǣ⼸죬˵Щ˵飬ս׻ҪҵģŽңҽ
˵ʲôճ̺ŭ
˵ôô˶٣˵Ҫѡ⼸죬ҵ˿ĸγ뼸Сҹȥһһʱһʲô°ɡ
Ȼ˼ңճŭ漴ַӦô
蹴˹ȻҪ̸ȻҪԼĵơѾ񶼳ıֱ꣬鲼䣬ʹУҲдѿ֮ˡҾ֪ȻĴȴڣҪҵֵġ
ճʮ𾪣ʲôʱЩһ㤣ԣ£ôӣ
ЩͲˣֻҪشҾ費Ҫҵİ
ճ⸱߸ϵ̬Ȼ޵ȴòϣĻû˵ȷʵҪø鱨Լ֪Ҳԥȥæġ
ճԥһ㶼żĲӦҲһԼԹֻӿµḶ̌ʱѾ죬ڸȥˡ
ãճ͵һӣȻĻˬ죬ҲûʲôѵĵʲôĿģ͹ͬףǵóԸɣ
΢΢ȭ⻰˵ûб鱨˫赣ضҡһһҪ󣿡
Ļ뽫ճ˵
Ц˷Ҷ˶ǳҪȻҪ֮ǰĽ٣⻰ɶԣ
Ȼճ˹ͷ⡣
˵ȻˣҪңðҸ鱨£Σ
ճɫһ䣬һǳ˷ʩˣԼʹ
Ը𣿡ɲæҪ֪ҪҵİȴԺκ˺
ճȻȻرбȨɲֹһ
ãҴӦ㣡ջİ˼ʵ³أ
ЦЦ³ˣսȻĹҲһ˳ɹˡǵλȹ̵Ĵ󽫾һҵļ
 

İʮ ݷ

áճָֻ˼Ц⣬ЦֻҪһ˰ɣ
ȻȨʮҲ֪ҪǸλãҪȨƣҪĻһ˳ȻҲһֱҪ˭֪ҰľȻһ͵ֵز
ȴֻЦЦ˵֮ǲսĺô
ֻճӵòȻҲûж룬ֵˣǱлĻˡ
˵Ҳֻ
˵һȥݷ÷ˣ뿪ˡ
ճһ˿ʲôݷ÷ˣȥǸѾͷˣҲûֹЦĻ㡣
˳鷿˴ţȥ
ˡŷ˽˵ĻԺ˵Ҫݷ÷ˡ
ܿûоܾɡ
֮󣬲ſһƻҲ֪
ƻʵֻ޹ҡҡͷ
ܿһǳ˲٣Ȼôݷˡ
⻰˵ƻ޻˵
ûжã˽ܿ񣬹ݼˡ
ҿɵ𣬿ЩɡܿϽЦ
ֱӣù̴е˵ССﲻɾ⣬˲Ҫ
ǱһҪһڰܿµĻӡ󡣵̵סûһߵƻƮһΡ
ƻҲֻΣĿǰҲǲҿ
ôôܿ˵ţýģЩ̿ҲûеֻЦ˵ɡ
л֮ű׼ˣԼĿģǺճ̣ȻҪеıãռҵĹϵ󡣡
ǵҲǺոû̫Ĺϵˡܿͷʵֻ룬ĻӵӦò˶أ
ЦЦǻڵݣаװ²⣬ǲºˡ
ĻӹȻֵʶ
̸һ֪޲޲˵Ľ̸Ǻڡ
һߵƻҲ廰ֻ˵ҲĻлȡ˲ٵϢ
ۿѾ磬ܿҲûҪ˼վʱˣȸˡ
˵˵ţȻʱˡܿҲװȣ˵жŮ죬ҲĻӳԷʧˡ
Ͻҡͷﻰ߶Ųǣȸݷá
ܿͷƻȥĻӣ
ƻһţֻ̧ͷŰܿ
ܿĶͷǰֻ˵ҲĻӵĳܲͿͣȻҪȥˣ
ƻǺЦװ׵Ŀ湻ģӵĳ˵ĲͿ͡
ǺðܿҪȥ
ǣƻΣֻǰ˵Ļӣȥ
ҲʮϵҾС㡣
ƻƤһ˴첲ֱ߳˰ܿķ䣬ֳܿ˹̧֣Ÿϡ
ȥ֮ƻһʱҲû˵ϾղڷȷʵЩΡ
ĸӦûҵɣȿڣʵ
ʵҲЩΪ飬Ͼͷôȵӱˡ
ƻҲֻ˵ʲôģ˶ء
𣿡ЦЦʵأ
ƻһۣʵ㾿ʲôˣ
ֻҪҪƻƲָĿڵճ̡
ƻ£ɫҲһ࣬ܿҲĿģʲôʱж
˵ҪЭʱ仹ȷӦòܳϾʱѾˡ
ƻͷȻˣҲ˺ҵ˽Ǣһ£ⷽĶӦñҵ˾ḻһЩ
ЦʵЩѾúܺˣҶ⣬Ҳ벻롣
𣿡ƻְһۡ
ⲻǻңôأ˵
ƻһĬĬһܲܺú˵ŪҲԣȵˣȥ֡
Ǿƻˡ˵
ƻһۣҴӦģûʲô಻ࡣҪ˵̲ʵ߻ôˣ
һᵽǵͷһˮӶ͸ˡ
ɻ˵ƻֽ˵ǸҲǸ鷳ҪҪҵĵؽ磬֤ժĸɸɾ
Ҫɱ
͸İӣ˲ָֻ¶ȣ˶ԡůС
 

İٰʮ 

ƻеɱ˲䵭ЩʵǾӦ
⵹ǡ˵ֻʱԡ
ƻ˼ڵ軹Ҫһơ
ãǾȲɴżɱ⡣
춼ʱʶôô󣿡ʵ
ƻЦһʱ򲻹ǿЩ۸Сˡ
֪˵滰ΪһֱһеˡиңƻֻͬʱͰ˷ֿˣûǲʵԵĸ顣
һֱŵ֮ǰأ
ˣϵЦҲøӵᡣ
ƻЦһǣꣿźˣҵĽҲʱ
ֻ̿һƬġ
⻰ƻ֮ԱǣˣҲҪĲа
һʵ⻰ô˵ѵʲô𣿡
ƻҲʶԼĻЩ˵ˣ˵ǸҰĲģҼĶˣôġ
ϸȷûв΢΢̾һڴʲôôôɵ飬˶أ
οҲôһλ䣬ͺܺá
⻰ǲȷʵڱ˲С˵
˵䣬Ѿߵոſڡ
ˣ͵ɡƻûߵſڣ̫˫۾ˣߵֲ̫֪ʲô
Цƻ⣿
Ȼ⣡ƻһ˵ϷˣﶼҪҵƤˡ
ܿҲмΣֻõȥҲòĸȵżˡ
ƻͷʲôסˣϵɣʵҹЩС
סЦԺ롭ֱݷõġ
˵֮󣬱뿪ˡ
ƻվһᣬת뿪
˴˼Ŀƣǵû˾裬־뷴úʣһֱ˳ŵĸо
ƻҧҧָףԼԴܳˣһԼԿǣֻ˻ӡ
ʱţת۱˶졣
쳣Ķ죬ָֻˣһů
׻˵ѩ׷꣬ٳٲ꣬ҲðЩ̻̣󺵡
ֻǹȴûĹǣůصӻҪϯ
ⲻСӣճ£͹㷢ǰȥ¾ơ
ȻռңϷ˵岻ʲȥˣܿ˹ҲٲĳϣҲƵˡ
ֻƻطнڣȻѡ
ھڷƻҲʮˣһ˾
طԺʮֵ֣һϲҲܿСӵӡ
Ѿ֮ͨƻ˽ȥŲˣһʢװ硣
λźˣ׹еСޣط࣬޵֣ЦҲʮֿġ
ͷƻ߽һеƻ
ƻЦ߹ȥҲط˸ӡ
طϽЦôʲô̫ˡ֣һȦеˡ
ƻǺһ󣬱Ц˵˵ôˣһûпСһأ
ҲЦҲǰ˵ݺӣЦɲС˰Ҳûĸأ
ƻϽչȥֻСһĴ۾СһһŵģСݡ
ÿƯӹҲ׳о
ôɰӤƻϵЦҲղסӻͳһŵСץˣƻЦЦ
ϵǺöأ˹Ц
طЩΣˣôôƷأ
ƻҲЩ̿˵ʲôƷѲƷѣСϲҵ˵Եأ˵һСɿɰ«ŵһ
СǺòְ߬ƺ㶪˽˫ץС«ͣš
ǰѴҶЦˡ
«ȻǺܴ󣬵ɫ֬һ㣬͸Ĺֺ޼ۣĺö
Сһʶ˵˵㳹ıӣֶƻ˵СˣǳǺ«ġ
˿ˡƻ˵ЩС⣬Ҳҵ⣬˲÷ϡ
Ҳֻո˵ĶСɡ
ƻֶһ᳹طŶԺ˵
ĸףҺƻȥ˵˵ǿ֣豧ҡ
 

İٰʮһ ͻ

̧ͷһۣҲû֮ǰĶ⣬Цȷʵòˣȥ˵˵强ɣҿš˵ŵ˵СӤգǳˣôأ
Сһ㣬ѽѽĽ˼ɰӣ÷һƬЦ
ط輸䣬ƻ˺С
˶ʲ٣ǸСǰ
֮ƻЦ˵
ط-ͷȷʵҵĸǡ˵ۿ֣ҲҵĸǣûҩҲӣҲô
ôʲôǰҲ࣬ЩӦáƻ֣˵ĺãҺҲܷˡ
طϽ˲۽˵ᣬ˵ң֪㲻ϲһףҾ̲ס˵ʵҲ֪ңǰǵҲ֡
ƻĻȥˣ˵ˡ
طǸм˵ԣȥˡ
⸱ģҲ˼־Ͳ̡
趼Ѿﻮˣᶯ֣ģҲᱻһ˲ʣ
˺¾֮⣬ҸͷѺһҸժ磬ҪΪһ־ˣֻҪסطˡ
˵һỰ̷٣ǱӰס˽š
طȻ׷Ź˺ü䣬̷ĸ첲ͣĽкý㡣
Цһϯ㿪ʼˡ
˺ܶණΪֻҪϸЩƵĹǣûҲǼеŮ죬пǱ߸塣
үӵ϶żѹֵգֵŮҲҴЦˡ
С۵ʱһӹٱͻȻ˽˵˿УӳһѲ˵ҪѲ
ɧүɫѿͷۡǱ㶼Ҫ뿪
ͷ챻÷ʤһ嵶ŭǷּǰһ
˵СЩͷ˵ȻǶǺˣ֤ݣ뿪ǣ
±ǲûԹԣүȴһΣ̱ϡ
طɫҲЩɷף棬޴롣
ֻܰοү֪οǺˣһֱͺӻ󣬾¾źӡ
ƻ˹ȥο
طƻ֣ȻЩңǻŬЦ⣬˷ģӦûµģǻǿЩ뿪ɡ
û£㣬ٻȥƻ˵ֿ꣬㣬ǿЩȥɡ
üҲҪ
ƻס֣ҵģȥɣ㲻Ǵķңأ
طϽ˵Ƕ߰ɣǡ
ǻܶһ㣬ٱ˺ӡƻ˵ʲôأֻܰҵģȥɣ
⻰ȻֱףȴеٲԸҲֻõ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
֮ĶԻתͷƻҲŸмлС㣬Ϳ㻤ˡ
⻰ʵ˵һҲţЩٱһ߲ƣǺүӵݹƶˡ
ƻȻֻһС㣬˭׵ض֡
һĹ򣬱㶼߹ˣԭֵУֻʣ˺һҺƻ˶˳ȥ
ͷ쿴ƻûҪ뿪˼߹ʵСô뿪Ҫ뿪
ƻ΢΢ҡͷˣԼԸ뿪ġ˵ſһۣطеĳ˵ͬã⺢ָԵ뽫ж֮䣬ĪҪ⺢ӡ
˼Ѿˣͷ쿴һۻĺӣ˵ͷȻС㿪ڣԵע⡣
лƻ
طۿͨ죬ֻ֣߬δԡ
ûãͳˣʿǽһӵ˾ǰүڻʲô˵
Щţֱ̱ϣӿģ̳˹ȥЩţݣҲסˡ
ƻЩ϶дʲôΪԭһ֡
Ϊ붬֮δµԵʣ⻹ӯҪɹʳ͵Աʱ֮衣
Ĳ±ھͷϣɹˮһ£ԼֵܣҲǸ˺ôǾʵ̫̰Щɹϴ׵ĳײ˵һЩѾˡ
ƻ˵֮󣬱ʱһ֣Ӳʰ
 

İٰʮ ץ

ƻųϢ˵ԼһùףҪۣҼ۸ѹúܵ͡
Ȼ˾̽ϢǱһܹȲֵʧְЩ״ӽûɹҪóѾùˡ
Ȼϴ֮δزܳԣжҪ
˲ٵĳ׳ǻҪɹײУϢɰѾ˻ˣЩȻЩùζǿǺͳûʲô
ȻһֿףǸǿãֻһСֶѣĶûбʵס
Ҳÿһ飬ỳǻ׳
ֻǵȵװһ죬ͷǰǼеװĶɳӡ
˵ط֣ĹԱȻҲǾˣдŸ
Ȼŭȥ׵꣬Ѿȥ¥գһ鲻ʱʶѾˣֻ뾡취Щȱͨ±ߵĹԱǲҪš
һߣƻְ͸
Щţ֮Щ֤ݡ
㣬ô鰡
Ҳˣ˵ϣ˺·ͿӣӶҪ˰
Ƕߣͷ
ƻֹ̳
ͷ쿴Ҳ˼ֲͣС㣬ҲǷ£㻹Ǳˣ
Īƻ˵ҲҪ谭£ֻҲˣЩ鶼Ǻүµģ˺ӷ򸾶֪顣ؽӵּ⣬Ҳֻ׽úүɡ磬ֻүȥʥЩҾڼкּΣ
ͷüϾǺˣֻһ˻ȥϹô죿
ƻЦЦ˵үǾҲֵܡʴȴȣҲǹֵ֮ģȻúүѿ
⻰ͷˣһҲǳ˻ʵµز𷣣нҲ˵
һ֣лСָˣ
ˣԤףƻҲ˸ӡ
ͷȻϲֳлѹѾήҵľ뿪ˡ
ľޱ䣬˭޷ܣһƬУпˡ
лС㣡ƻĿģ̳֮ݵл
˿𣬲Ǿ֮ͰˡƻϽ
Ҳס˺ˣƻȴԹޣȻǾ֮ͣΪʲô㲻Ȱ˵ͷ죬ѸҲߣ
ͺһͷؤһؤȴԹ㲻еͷһ㣬Աˡ
ʲôƻڶҪѺʹˣط̴
ŭ˵ķݣΪռҵĽеĶã˶ѡ
ӵĺˣͻȻһƣΪһֱô𣿻Ǹѧʮʮ
Ȼң
Ҫ־磬ƻѾٿֻһ㰲Ľ䡣
ĳӲˣҲ֪ΰο㡣ƻֻȰ㣬Ϊ˳ҪǿܽôҶ㾡ȫǵġ
طһۻ˯ŵĳ˵ƻĳӲԵˡģһúų˭Ҳ˺
Ϊĸգ仰Ȼû
ƻͷ˵Ӻ룬ҿ԰㡣
طһ㶣˼֮ȴҡҡͷˣһ˿ô죿ֻҪǸųնܻܹġ
⵹ǲڡƻ˵ֻҲסˡھȥҸŵùˣ﷿һЩĶȫͳȥûҲҲ
ط̱ѣ˵û̾ȥ죬ҪţҲЩ㣡
ȵȣƻסӦöΧסˣǱ˷־ͻˡŵùңҸȥɡϷǱߣҪҲˣĪݾߡ
طȻģЩôƵأ
ӣƻοҲǰܺôࡣ
ط뿪аʱһӣ˵ҺһЩͷЩðһЩ˽δӦòʲô鷳
áƻ˵ͷ˵ˣԻЩԭⲻĻ㡣ͣѾܾˣٲҪˣˡ
طͷףҲǣˣЩ뿪ɡ˵꣬סƻ֣Ѹո̷͸ĶЩǵ⣬˸ˡ
 

İٰʮ 

ĶƻҲЩжһۣŴŶ뿪ˡ
뿪ĺ˳;һʵ˶ûС
ȨƸıжΪЩҪ
Ȼ˳ƻøˣЩƲ֡
ѶȻ˵ȥɢģȻȥɡ
֪鲻ãҲûж
ƻϷ֮󣬱ֱȥ˻ʼұԺ
֪귢飬ͻȻãûоþȡ
֪Ҫƻ˿ϰںõĲ㣬һۡ
ЦЦӻֻ˵ɣʯ衣
ƻҲֱһڲ裬ȴֲ˵ˡ
迴һۣ˸Ѿúܶˡ
Ϊ̫ˡƻ΢ͣΪ˸ȴڰŪһ˵ˡ֪ϵˣ޵ʱûֹȴΪвϵĺӡúϡ
뷨񶼱е̣ҲţǼ⡣
㲻Ϊ𣿡
ƻ̾ˣΪúֻһڣʵ˺
㲻Щʲô³أ˵ںһֱܴĥϵ̨ܻס˭ֻȢһ޸ˣĻֻƹźһǸı˲ȴ˵ĲݣζҩǸһϣ
˵Ÿƻһ裬˵Ҳͺ˵ĸ顣ӻˣԺҲշǮǺүҲҪɫиӣȢӣҲ֣֮Ҳգ񲻱֮ǰá
һƻɿЩЦĻ죬Ҳ˵ˡ
⵹ǲãֻҪܽĽáһЦ˵ȻܲϣܰԼαװѪ飬׵Ȼףжô
ƻ˴첲ˣ˱˵ˣƤˣ
΢Ķ⣬ЦøᣬҲûúóԷɣȳԵһ棬ȥ¥Щˡ
ƻҡҡͷˣʱҲˣҳЩ㣬ȥͺˡ
Ҳáͷһ̸͵ǰ˵ˣյ½İȻϢ
ƻôһ˵ӵҧһڵĵģһŭ쵰ҵĽع߾Ѷȫޣڿ¶ͷˣ
ģֻÿɰŵϵĵҲ˵ҲǱʦˣǸͷӸûжƭȥִҽȣҲ֪İȻӣϲЩͬթ飬ͷԽҪЮûа취һֱûϢ
ƻ껹һûãôȻôãҳʱȥǸƹһѻˣ
ˣİȻضΪ׺ѡЦ
ƻ֮ԱǣûþͶˣֹһЦǸѾͷɲǺòģǼˣһҽղˣǲڻµģ
ͷߵѾߣȷʵˡ
ڿ𣿡ƻ˫΢΢һС
ϽȻ˵ˡ
⻹࣡ƻɹȡãȻֿ
˵Żʱʵڲ磬ƻ뿪ˡ
صո֮󣬵Ҳû˷ûлܿȻʹΪ﷢Ѿһ䣬С鲻á㵲ˡ
ƻһЩѹһЩ飬ȥ˰ܿС
ôúϢܿЩ졣
ƻߣĸ׵ˣҾЩķ
˭뵽أܿҲ̾һǣ
ƻͷҲû˵ԼطЩ
ôûиʲôѲǣҵضزסˣö١ܿͬ
ƻ˵ҲֻΪôˡ
ܿͷƻѾ˺ܺˡ
ƻ΢΢һЦļ򣬡ﲻҪģѾʱˣЩˡ
һҲûúóԶɣܿ΢΢һϽһߵĽ˵죬ó÷ʢһЩ
ǻȳԷƻ˵ճȥ鷿
ƻ֪Ϊ飬һ˵ǣðܿԼȥˡ
鷿ճͷһ䣬Ժٺطǣһ𣡡
Ǻȷƻǵļƻ֪٣˿Ϊǵļƻһвء
 

İٰʮ 

ƻЦһռ⻰˼ˣ·ŻֵܵݣҲȫˣһطʲôʸǣ
ĸףռʲôƺճǿĿ𳤵ӡ
ƻȴֻûµĻȻȥˡ
ճȻҲ֪ҲƻˣҲֻѹĿ
˵飬ϵռʱɻľǳַ磬㻹Ƿ¶ҵĳɼҰռƻ¡
ƻһۣ֪ˣǲҡҽ͸͸ף񶼵Ĳһ붼ҵˣ˵ļƻǴ붼Ҳ˵ԹԵұȽϺã
ŭճӵ𾪣ôܣ
׿ɲܣԺġƻٺ˵ȥ˵ֱ뿪ˡ
ֻճһڷţǾκˡ
֮󣬾˽
ŮΪ̤һҲȫ乫
һȻһƬȻǶĽ˶û̫ʴˡ
Ͼ۾ǿͷҲΪ
ûһʵ££ġ
ⳤͤƻڴ˵Ⱥ򣬲ãӳŴʻ˳ͣ·ߡ
ط˳ȻѾһֲѣǿž㲻
ƻҡط֣΢΢Цš
ƻҡҡͷôô˵ŽϵҪϣȴֹˡ
Ҳ䣬һֱãǧˡط磬¸ϣѵôУ˺ܶ顣ǾúܶԲ㣬Ȼ½ҽҩɻһֱɼ治ˣԼȻûȥһΡ
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˶ֵ˵ǼȻѾ񶼣ЩҲͶòˡұţм۶Ʊӡ
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ôࣿطһʱЩȣĵ࣬ǱõҲһЩƫԶؽ粻ɵģ˼һƻԼˣҲҪôࡣ
ƻЦЦ࣬ҵķߣٶǵӣЩһ¸ء
𣿡طԼҲЩͿˣʱֻԵĿ˼ۣҲȷǲЩõؽӻȥˡ
ƭƻЦЦ˵жӣ·ϻаƱ˷˳һһŵġ֮Ĳޣɶҵ˼
طѾˮͷҶס
Ǿͺã߰ɣǵżˡƻ
ط˲ᣬһ֪²ټһдŵģҪϵ
ƻͷҴӦ㡣
طŰˣֲ˲ᣬŰ뿪ˡ
ȫ뿪ƻҲԼ
ڣϽ¯¹Ƥ̺Ӹϡ
ˣ
ƻͷȻеģ뿪ܱﰲȫ
ЦЦõģѾ˸ˣἰʱġ
˵ʱ򡭡ƻЩΣֻҪƱǮ֪Ϣġ
Ϊ᣺㻹ǵĲǣ˻ãġ
ðɣǾŰɡƻֳЦЦ
ЦڵģҲůһͿȻһͷҲֻ¹Ƥ̺ӣЩģƺҪѩˣЩȥɡ
ƻͷ°ɣҲˡ
ҹ˯֮ʱһѩ
ⳡѩɻ˺飬һֱ͢Ҳһ
һֵǸˣȷϲǵ˵
ŶճʼδӴֶݶıȨ
ϧþߵĺȻõ⣬ȴٳٶδ꣬ǰˣҪ׼ˣӶò
ֵĵطʼ˵Ű֮˾һˣ壬չʮѸ١
⼸յӣһһ̬ҲԽԽء
ȻõطַɷǵûЧ˺ʱ䣬գ˸Թ
ŵƣΪԼȨûжǣֱӾɱѹ
 

İٰʮ 

ѹҲһò£ȻܸȣǼĹѫǳ̵ܴ佫࣬УӣҲûʲô׳־ˡ
һûһ㾭飬漰ԹҲ֣ȥճһʵѡ
ճֵĺǵ͵ԼжһЩְ񣬸Ǿ岻Ϊɣμ糯ѾԳ֮µˡ
糯̽һ˵ճȴ
ȻҲΪǽѣ񳼾˸ǻսʵڲʺϴ̣ѡ
٣ˣ˵⳯У䣬ʵ벻һܴ㡣
ˡ
ճǹټһɵˡ
иȻû˵ʲô鷿һĸ֮󣬻Ǿȥߡ
ճٰѣǵͷ򾫱뿪񶼡
󣬱ǽµʱ䡣
е񶼱ѹճ;ǮԹҲƽϢˡ
ô˳в̫ӳӰΪگٻؾ
ճյگ֮󣬱򾫱سڰ統쿰񶼣פ⡣
ճֻһ˽˳ǣ·ֱʹμӰ硣
񶼵Ĵٹ˶ӿ˻ʹУʹƻͨͬһ㡣
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Ⱥٱߺ꣬ոǴﵽ߳
ֵ֮£ȴְӿ
ֻҪĿܷ֣ԭӦճˣʧ񶼼ƹļҲʧϯϡ
һ㰲ĽžƱãƺΧһжûйϵֺΧһƿ֮С
쵽ƻ񿴹ԭ˲ѯʡ
ƻôһŲæӣ΢˾еľƱ
ϵЦݸ󣬾ֱӴλվֱֱĳƻ߹ȥ
ӣƻüͷʾϽ뿪
ȴû˿Ҫͣ˼ֱߵǰ΢΢ӣʵС㣬ǷҾһأ
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˵۱һеıӣȻͷѱеľƸȾˡ
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ƻһеıӣҿɶˣĻѵ𣿡
޷ֻҡͷѱеľҲȹˡ
˼以Χ˵ע⣬Ȼɫ죬Ҳǲ²⣬ǶǶ⡣
ƻĻһֱܹעĻҲûȢޣҲ²ǲǿ۵˼
һԵȴЩܲˣֱվȻҲ첽˹ȥ
ƻ㻹ǵ𣿡ϴżϣʵ
ƻüͷɲһ£и˿񣬡߻ӻأ
еĹ˴룬Ͻ˵㲻ǵ񶼵ʱҲھӣΪ˰ңܹˡ
ľٶܵˣ⻰׷¶Ȼɫ֮仹йôһΡ
ƻɫȴ䵭СŮǸĳڻǰˡȻ߻ô˵СŮûʲôӡ󡣡
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ˣ費͵ĴȻСѾǲˣ߻ʵֺαǿأ
ȴЩӲơС֮飬Ļֺ£
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ȻΪһŮˣֵҪĿϷ롣עˣж¶˼ֱġ
ҲЩ΢ŭƻϣòĻֺƻʲôϵƾʲôô˵
ʲôϵ迴һƻ˲飬С㡭һᣬ˵ѣȻɰ鷳
Ȼ˵ѣмͣ٣ȴ˼
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λƲһ߳ƻҲЩ䣬ȻǸ뿪
ã˵С㲻ҪȻ³çЩǾʵСһˡҾ߶ˡ
˵ܸɴ뿪ˣû뿪˼
ߣƻѹĿĶѾﵽˣҪʲô
΢΢һЦҲѹƻ
ƻз˸ۣΧ˵עȫˣԾĿģʱ䣬Ҫǲ׾ɵˡ
 

İٰʮ Χ

С˸еһЩ̸֮⣬ûӰǵ¡
һƬƽľһ̸ЦƱյ
ַȥƣάĻϲЦտͬЦ
ӲʣûμᣬʺҲŻʳ뿪ˣ̫ҲΧһȺ˲ͣĹάҲԵõЦ⡣
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ˡ΢΢һ
ո˵꣬һѪ˽
ڻеˣȻûзֱߵУȻµʱǱס˺е̸ЦȻֹų׵ֹס
ˣ
Ѿع˭!˭ˣ
մˣűɱʹˣŻѪһϢ˵̫ˣأزס
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ʱ˭ֻԼв˱Ƶ˲̤
ܻľΣյĴһɢɳǵĴ󳼣ĳ챻ֻ顣
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ԭûƵܳȥˣֿʼӿƴ˻ţţŰ
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ϣ˭Ҳ֪˵ĻֵܵãǱϢǰԮһ˵
Ѿվȣϣȷȷ޵ĺ𣿡
ǽִϾǷӪˣ㲻Ҫ㻹Ӫ
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轫һߵһߵϣЩĵĿһƻȷûˣ߹ȥĿȰ㻹Ǳѹˣھʹ򿪵Ͷɣ
޾ֻ֪һķݣһʲôǹƨһͺճǲǣЩЪ˹Ĵ󺰡
ЦһͷȻǸûκƣ㻹޿ɾҩˣ
ĻϣʲôЪ˹ǷңǶһȺҳӣ˸ɱǣ
ƻ̲סЦһҳӣȻͳԾӣǿЦռұô꣬ΪеݣͶʲôռֻ
ޱ죡һŸʲôھ͸ɱǣ
Ѿƻ࣬ﻹͣ˵ţҷȰĸλһ䣬첻ܶһ٣ʶʱΪܣǻޣñȫһ
ӦЩӦҲЩˣֱӷ𣬳ȥֻҪɱûбˡ
һ̵ǰ棬ЩôĶ֣ܿͱ˺һȱڣľҲԽԽ
һֱûж᪣ͻȻ˳һ㲻Ҫ̫ˣȻ󲻹ĺֱӳ蹥ȥ
ôҪĳЦһͿ᪲˳ˣȻɾͲˡ
 

İٰʮ 

գۼ䣬᪵ĽѾǰ˫δֻһƫɵĶ˹ȥֱ֮ͳһƣֱǰء
ʹһŻһѪ̧ͷһ裬ǲ˼飬û뵽书ȻôߣһУһ𣬿Ѫ
ƵƣΪƼĵһƮƮ֮С
ƻĵϷŪЩһ߿һۣҲм־ȣŶòԽˡ
ǰ书ߣ֮һս֮Ҳܴƽ֡ڣ书Ѿɲ⣬Ҳѳҡ
ҲٺЩǣȻվߡ
תͷһۣ޻ʵӲһ˿ů⣬֡
֪ƻʼ磬ֻһڵжˣ
迴ЩˬģرһԴϵЦҲ˼֣֪ǿдд衣
ƻһȫǳҫ
˻ģѾըˣýָˣԹŮǲѾͨˣֿƻֲãֲ뷨跨㣬һ˻ԼǶҪЦ˰ɣ
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ȴʮֲʣ˻ţҵòĶ˭Ҳõ
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һеΣֿһеĳѾ׹ô¡
ճ軳еƻûʵһ壬׵Ĳ顣
еĵ˹ȥٵĽʣµһ˵ڵѾеĵѾĲϣԵ˴ռңиңǱѹ뷴ѣôݷڷ𷴿ɱͬΪԼҲʥ֤ǵȭȭģ
 

İٰʮ 

ճһȻĹǴҸͣһǰ˵ԼģٲȻ˱ıһֱѹǵı
Щ˵ЦҲǰδеľֱǿˣȨ󲻹һЦʼնЩŪڹ֮С
裬˻ĻǺüı˶ô࣬һöӣСˣ˶Сˣ
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Уֻлʺһ˼άˣҲʵľǾԼܸһѪ
ƻҲмֲ̣Ҳʲôնݳʲôȫ֡ȼҳޣʲô˶ܷµģôһڽһ˶ϡ
ٳٲ˵ץסȹǣƻǸҲռҵѪֻҪʲô˵ʲô֪ģֻҪа
ò˵ֻܴӻռҵı³
⻰ҲƻЩԥˣû⺢ϻռҵѪռѪϡӻϷϲֻӵķգȴĲǡ
ճ̴ڼ޸᪵ʱ򣬾ѾռûйϵˣȻҲռûйϵ㲻ҾҪնݳ
⻰һǾֱ̱ڵϣǷģҲµģȫûйϵΪʲô
һֱû˵̣ʱͻȻЦһһֱסһ㣬ʼЦǰһжһЦ
αǣǵĳʯͷҪӲֻǵȨƣǵĵλôںһӣ˵ţֽӹеĺӣ㿴ԣôЩˣѾҩܰģɸɾ뿪磡
 

İٰʮ 

˾һѾû֮ǰĵֱӳ˹ȥһ۽۾ĺӣһס̵ĸ첲ΪʲôҪôĺӰ
ԣ̿еķԹľҵĺӣΪʲôҪЩ˾
ƻһȥеĺӣصߣ̽ӵ
ţ̧ͷһ裬֪Ϊʲôҡ
˵ģܴʲôӶ޹ģɱڣЩʲôȥҲһ¹ްˣ
ôһֻ΢΢ͷȻӻͳһƿҩҩɽٶ
㣬㲻ɱƻҩЩȡ
΢΢һЦûлش⣬˵ߡ
֪
ƻȻɻ󣬵ǻǽӹҩӤ
һĻ̷ˣҪƵģҪȥ˻ţҪ
ճѾסɷţڿ裬Ҫغӡ
˿ڿһӣ˭޷һĸףôôϣԼĺ
ƻȴͲˮĸιһЩˮ
ΪʲôҪĴ𣬡㲻֪ô𣿣ҳ׵ϵģҹҵ㣬Ǹ裬Ӧϣ
⻰ȷʵƻЩʣˮ΢΢һ٣Ǹӵˮвϵ˵Լ˵Ĺ뺢޹أ
ЩѾڳ˶΢΢ɫƻҲмֲˡ
ҰϣһȻƻ󣬸˵ߣѵڿС𣿣
󲿷˶Ļת̵ϣǱġ
ʵѾըˣĺô׾ˣӦýƤйͷֻޣ
ȴưոݣɲͣţǱסҲͣķ
̺ӣʱÿһ˵ĥûڴӵĽܴȨҫ
ȫˣҲɱ
ƻڸιҩɫЩȥ̫ҽȻתűѹŹڵϵ̣дǵɱ⡣
ûӦϷ˻һɱģеķʽܾĥ
ĺ֪֪ܿĻҳİ֣ʵĸƵġѾĺ֣޸᪣һһ߹ȥ˵пĻߵߣƻָ˵ĸѾ֪վḲ𣬶һΪѡ񸶳ۣ
ûбȱҵ顣
̵вӿ﷢һ˻ǣǿһ߽ӣ
ƻֱŵϵ̣Ȼ֪̻ҲԶ룬ȱϷˣΪԼռҡ
Ҫڳ޵ԨһӶᱻֳĥ
ƻһߵ˵ͻռҡ
һ̾ҡͷȻͲٻռңҧĴֲǼѾѪ
ôǱ˸ȥ
ƻתͷһվһԣʹ޵Щ޹ˣҶԷˡ֪Ҳ޹ˣһȥУƽĶȹ°
֣ٿƻòжƻԹޣĸоһ˾Բӡ
ҵɷҵĶӶѾˣһʲô壿
ƻ΢΢üͷҪȰ䣬ȴסˡ
Ѿ־סģƻ˵ʾȰ
ƻһü¶һ˿ɫҲֻǰԱˣĮͬһ麮ǰ˶ȥɣ
ʹУһƬƻֻͨǰŵĲ˿֮Ǽɱ
Իʹϴһֱ賿ŽƻԼĳŵû¾ʱѺ
ոʱɫѾˡ
Ϸ˺ͰܿҲĵһϣƻƽҲӭ˳ȥ
ƻЦЦһ¹еǷģ飬ճһᴦõġǶȥϢɣҲˣЩʱٸϸ˵
 

İپʮ 

¶ʮһҹռҼճϷ壬򣬹Ƴֱȡʹ׽ԳƵ۵˵նɱͷڳ֮ϡ
üҾ죬ȫץ֮СعԱŴϢ֮󣬷׷׵ϽƳ졣ʮ꣬ճľھ񶼶ţȡ񶼣Ϊ
ƻеţһ裬ô㸸˵
ͷʱһɱʱһո켴ɡ
ҲףȫԽΪʲôҪƻ΢΢üͷңҲûһǰ𵽵ãѵҪ˵ڹĲɣ
迴ּŭ̵ƻ˵ʱδһ춼Ǳ߳˺
˵ʱδѾˣĳıһָͷѹ춼ΪʲôҪȣƻ
ϿǰӰӣѶϣ֮ʣֻһһεʱ˵ʵżٴδᡣ
ʣԥһ˵Ҳ֪˵𣬵һҪҡ
ƻ˸⣬ԼôҪţ
Ҳʱ磬ñͻҵľӻҡʵҲԸţȷʵмƻ
ã㡣ƻͷ⣬һҪȥĸ׺ĸûб߰ɡ
迴Ľ׿ˣҲ΢΢һЦȻˣҾ͸һȥĸϷ˰ɡ
ƻ΢΢ۣȷҪҪ֪ĸϴμ㣬һݡ
ΪҪ͡ɫƶ
ףƻϷʮֵľأǱߣɲʲôõӡռҿɾֻôһŮǸǹƻҹ·
ȷҪȥƻ΢΢ʼ磬ʵʱν
˱һȥϷԺС
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Ϸ˵ͷҪԸǣĪ࣬ҲĪҪڳȥǸ⣬ոһЩӱˡ
Ϸ˷ġܿ˵ҶѾԸȥˣҲ˼ûµˣǶճԼĻƣû˲Щ顣
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˵ôһ裬ûпһǰ˵ոеĲ𣬾Ҫ֮ڣ磬ôңռҶһ飬κ˶ռҵ⡣
ôףҲЩϷ˵ǣ⣬Ҳ˼أϷ˹˶£֮ǰڹϾȹС㣬᪵һ𡣡
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˵գʵĻӣ衣ʱã˵ıʿֻΪݰˡ΢΢Ϸ˶ຣ
Ϸ˼Լǰǵûлӵļӣмӣʮ㡣ԴǼҲûйֺãͬһԳһ㡣⣬Ȼ߿֣ҲΪ̾ܳɴ˴£ȻѰ֮
ԭˣ׾ûпԭĻӼ٣Ī֡˵ţҪ
ǲҪɲһ񣬸ϽǰסϷǧԭȣĪҪɷ
Ϸ˼ˣİ˻ȥֶ˼⣬ЦĻҲվˣЩɡ
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֪Ļӽν£Ϸ˻˸˲裬Ȼʵ
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ƻ̣Ϸʲôˣһ仰˺ܶණתͷһƻЦЦĿ˵ЩףĻӣƻʲôġ
 

İپʮһ 

ҲһƻȻ֪ƻûа˵ϷˣҲ֪Ҫ˵ҲӦƻ˵Ǵ˵ģɵҲûʲôǹΡ
˵Ĳ岻Ϸ˵ҲûֻֿһƻȻʱȥˡ
ĵȫϷ˲ڷ뿪ˡ
һֱ⹧ЦݣҲܽĶнˣӷһۣ߻ǾЩϷ˱еĸɲ⣬ʵЩԼ̬ȡ
֮Ϸ˵ûƻתͷʰܿ񶼣
ܿһʱ²˼˵ͷ˵Ϸˣĸӻģһ·϶Ҳչмӡ
Ϸ˵ͷȷʵһסĺҲĺͿ
Ϸ˵˼ܿЩɻ
Ϸ˿һƻɫҲ治ףȻʹˣûۻ軨Ļӿƻ񣬾ʱȥһ㣬ȵĸ飬ѵһֺı춼ͱ˸˽һûټ棬йŮҪǴȥƻҪǲҪ
ĸƻһЩû뵽Ϸ˾Ȼֻƾһ̸ʲôˡ
ϷһҪҪ˵û˼ûкıҪ˵˽ûм棿
ƻˣҲڲˣϽ˵ĸ治ŮҪ㣬ĻӺı֮ʱĸĸŮ˻˼ڼϴΣգʵڲҵġɺֲ֪˵һڡ
ҹϺͿˣ㼸ʾ⣬˵ң˵Ͻ㸲һΪڽȴûǰѽʵǺãϷ̾ϴżֻҰܡ
ˣƻҲʮֲܣϽ˵ĸǧô˵ҵĹĸƭĸġ
ܿҲԱ߽˵ѽϷˣ¹ش󡣲ֻǹϵĸŮϵոƻòأҲò
Ϸ˼˽¶˼Цݣ˵֣ǶǺúӡıģҵʱҲȫȻǣҲ޿ɺǵġ˶˵ȻģȴǽƻʮһͣѾԶ׿ʶǰ񶼶Ūڹ֮䣬ػǣмˣռؽһ¥
ĸʵҲĸĹͣûĸķ֣Ҳֻոдĥʱ⡣ƻļ˵
ϷЦЦҲң۹ⲻûû㡣
⵹ǡƻЦĸ۹õġ
ϷǿأǿԼأ
һһƻЦŴ
˱ЦղصһɨգЦ֮࣬ƻҲѸý齻ˡ
Ϸ˷ıĵʲôһʵһֱŻ£ǲΪ
ƻ΢΢һЩӦôͻȻĵԼϵġ
棿Ϸ¶ŭ⣬Ҽǲˣ㶼˵ûУԭڲҵģ
ƻϽĸ˵Ҹûʲô˵㲻һֱȢһǸӣҲ׸ռҲǣ
ƭңϷһšסĶ䣬浱ϺͿǲǣа˵ĻϹһʱǲǣ
ۣۣĸĸûƭ㣬Ҹʲôƻ۵죬ҲɿڣŰɡ
һԵİܿȻۣҲûֹϷöԣƻȷʵúúýѵѵ
úõ̸ͻȻһᣬϷ˺Ͱܿһһ䣬Ů롷ƻ
ŪƻӶģ߸ݺݵļһʣܵһҲ
ոκ֣߲пĴϴڼճһƹҲû⣬˶ǣУ໥٣໥Ⱥһʱ񶼱
鴫춼ã˶Ӧ͵ĵزôͻȻˡ
رһ죬˶Уʼ˼֮顣
̵ͷԲܣԲռ˹ͣǰϷϴǶ񶼽н̡
̫һȻޱȵͬԼһɣȴԼ
ô츲ҲеĴ߻ȴҪ̫̫
 

İپʮ 

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ŭ䲻ǰһǻλȴǲߣǻϲҪЩ³ˣ
룬ҲСҴıĵʱǾԲ˵ʲôֻܰ˼ˡ
ڶ㿪ˣƺƵ񶼶ȥ
һĴϴһ࣬Ҳķ٣Ҳһ겻ĵ̹ţȫ
ƻײܳθȴʼղԭ򣬾Ϊľõλҵģľϵݻ٣޷޸ģ˵Ǿ޴ʧ
ȥ裬ֹͣԻԵϴţ֮ķԽԽ
쵽㾡ȫҵϵʱƻڲ׹Ҫٵ񶼣ҪٵôѪ
ʵ벻ףֱտڲԣֻԼ²⣬²ʹıѣʧȥǣҪôĻٵ
ֲ²˵ʧҲǵĹϵѸٵ˱㣬ƻŲ֮⣬ԶôǮɵһʧ
Ȼ˵ҲҪжǶôͬ
ͬھʽҲʶ֮ìѾԵ͵ĳ̶ȣһҲżƻȴѾܾһн
һҹ֮ȫҰٵ꽨鱨磬ܾͨ
賹׻ֽţʼʹԼ
µֹͣһжȴ©򣬾޴ĳ£ֻԽԽѾǺͣͣסΡ
豩ףһԼıһƻѣվڵϣǱƥעƻĶһͶʽάȣһͼµг
Ǽƻûа취ͣʹû˿⡣
һһ챩꣬һһ޷Լһ죬ʧɱֵµˡ
ӣôȥɲУŵֱԣֱɱոܰСƳ
̧Ⱦһ߹ȥ˵ʲôƨԭңôɣҲԲټһ棡
ǼȻһǸɴˣϽ˵ҵ˼ǼСܲôĺݣ㶼ˡܲܲһ۰ɣ
΢΢üǸ⡣˵㣬ҲǲСȴֲƶˣйҪƭ̸ס
⻰˵꣬㱩Ĵ˴ӣӦ飬ȴûзй꣬һԵ÷֣ƻûһ÷־ͱһƬ档
Ҳ꣬һҲ˼ƽϣֱ뿪Ժӡ
ٻʱ϶һӡ
Ǹʲôȥˣ跢йҲָЩüͷʡ
һۣɲҪҼӹٽ
Ӵ㻹Һǰɣʱ䳤˲㣬Ƥǲǣ˵űȭͷ
ˣһüë˵ȥҽˣ˵Ĳ˵ģ˵ˡ˵ʧķˣɱߵˣΪ˴Ҫɱ㣬ҲˣŸ˵Щ
ϾΥĻָЦ⣬СӣʱȻĿ࿴ԣôϵϽģ
ôˣеԼɣ粻
ЦЦννҪˣҪ˵ӹٽһƻѽָţ
ģϵίҲһɨգ˵ӣİɡȻҲǽŽɣϵĺȻǿĳġһɣҲС˵ģСҲһġΪǶðա
ĵͷ˵ĲΣǱ˭ɱҼֱ췽ҹ̷ɾΪ췽ҹ̷֤ڵжô⣬ƻضĲ¡
ͶӶЦֻꡣ
Ȼ֮ȻЩ׵Ļ֮Աǣ˵Ҫɱ飬ȴһĶ㷲
˼ȥȥƻ
ƻ¯߿⣬ЩѾ⣬˵ȫĲɡ
ӡ߹ȥһ
ƻع˵ˣ쳢ҿ⡣ɵȫʱҲмΣٿһԡ
鷳ˡüͷҪӡ
 

İپʮ 

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ƻһ湻ģȻΪ¶ˡҪɱδҲ̫Цˣ
˵Ӳ١Щ˵
ںʵĳˣƻʲôķӦ
ƻЦһ˵˵ЩɡЩӦȷʵǼٵģ͵͵ϲܾˣ֮ǰ
ɡ
Ļƻϣ㲻ö˵ˣõļƣҰˣ㲻ùˣȥæԼȥɡ
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ôô
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ַüȻųҪȥȴòȥһԭ
ݺݵҧҧǷ£ںڰУٵסȥ
ԽߣҲöɼЩĶеˡ
ܲܣɥĲŭˣ
ƻеһӿ˽Ųʱ㵽Ժӡ
δ߽Ѿߺɱ
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һ߿Ժţȷʵһ
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˵תͷߣûͱ赲סȥ·
ƻҲֱƹֻ뿪
ôô뿪Ǹоķŭһץס֡
ƻֻһᷳȻôɵ飬˦û˦֣ҲѹƲסеıŭֱӳеĽתϴ̹ȥ
Ҳòſ֡
ƻ˼ŭֽ䱸Ŀģһͷ׼Աʱҧĺ
ģǸʹȴòӦԡһƻߣ
⣬ȷ˹˹ȥ
˴ˣеͰΧ˹²ǻź
ȻЩ飬ǰĳǧҲ
ԼһսƻҲһĨЦٱ任˫ֳֽĳȥƵһˣ֡
Ͼ书߳ƻ࣬ÿÿнӽ壬ھƻȻƾˣҲ˲ֺǱץסһֱֱֻ֣ץ
ƻò˽ƣ󳷲Ŷ㿪֣еĽҲ׵һֻϣ𣬱ֳ̹ȥ
Ҳâֻܿٵķ𣬲Ŷһн³żĽϣƻѹһеĽ֡
ҧҧǿˣеĽ˲ֺɴԱһӣбڵϣȻֱܹȥ
 

İپʮ ѵ

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裬ЩûзӦʲô˼Ͻһ˵
ƻһģЦСˡ
ƻ嵽ǰʶҪץסԷȴĺèһֱ֣Ӵܵϣ˫żļֱתһȦ˫żĲӣĹԣֱӽ
ǽԶƻԤҪûֱӽ̵ڵأֻϥ˵ϡ
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˿Ŀ࣬·һգ۵ĹƻȻֻͰˣҲ̫ˡ
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ոսȴͻȻվһסĸ첲ڻϢˣú̸̸𣿡
ƻһŲʲôĹ䣬ҲӦǴΪֹ
ͻȻһֱ۵°ڿգһڿеƣȻ˫ڿнһ֣ͦһ˲ץסͷһļϡ
ԭתȦȥץʽȻЩ޿κΣǺú˵
ƻͲᣬ˫Ŵļϣ˫ȼͷͺһһշ˫֮䴩˳ξҲ޴ĹԸᵹˣڿһתֱ泯ˤȥӦѸ٣˫ֳס˵棬ûŵء
ΣƻȴӦĻᣬֱӳ˹ȥһֱӴܵӵ£˫ߵŵص֣˲䣬ס壬˹ȥ
Ѹڵһֱץסĸ첲˫żסԴʹʮֹ̡
ֱ۹ؽڴۺ˺ѸУ趼ЩԲĺһҪȴЩʧȵûУһ˲侹Ѳˡ
ƻ֪Ҫѣʹ˻ļֺҲʹĵͺ
һҵȣ
û˿ԥϽȣƻɿѸһߡ
ʱҲھ޴лع书˫ӾȻˣǱû˻֮˵ȥ췽ҹ̷
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ӵԼѾʵĸ첲ٿƻǰӽ䱸ӣҲССˡ
ҲˣҲˣú̸һ̸ôŻں
ըëèһСûʲô𣬲Ҫѵˡ
ƻȴһҸûʲô˵ģҪ˾ߣ
ƻ֪Ҳôӵֶƭ㣬ڼ㣬Ҫˡ͵ϲԾ¶ʹı顣
鵽֮飬̴Щ뿪Щ˶Ҳ֪ЩѸٵ뿪ˣֻƻ˻ڶš
ֱ̫ƻĵķŭίҲйڣǴôֻôͰ͵ܹǿЦ
Ͻ˵ûУû˿ЦֻимңޱȵĸˣԭƻлЩġ
ƨƻñ໰ϵҽһŻô̴̵ĵң
ֺ̿ȻڶôʱˣϽסЦ⣬ããҳϣʵҲڶģ㵽׻᲻ˣķǳˡкܶҪ͸һᣬ֮㻹ǲԭңҾͷ뿪òã
ȷʵǷһͣƻŭ֪֪жҪҿԲںϴ񶼵ľ˶ôĳ㲻Ӧƻ񶼵ľϵڻٵ񶼼ĸ֪֪
 

İپʮ ˵

һһߵ˵֪Ҷ֪ҵɣ˵òã
Ҳʲôɣƻйʽĺţ񶼶ڵ죬Ժ嶼ʮشһ겻ľöᵹˣ֪֪ؽỨʱ䣬˵ѪԸ㲻֪
Խ˵ԽߣָԼʵأʱһжʲôȻҪֶ͵ΪʲôҷȥϷŪҺ𣿣
Ѿߵĸǰ֪ҶԲ㣬Ҳòôҽͺòã
ҲûܰƻʮֵķŭһȥָⱡĵƬֱӵĲϣͺĺɱ㣬ΪĲ븨һѶϣĳ޵ķ
ʧʹޣĴʹģΪʹ΢΢Щ˵ľôˣǷɱңҾԲỹ֡
ȻֻǽŻ谵Ļ⣬ֱ۾ƻǿеʹ࣬ʹѹģżּĶŴʹ
Щףôʹ࣬ɵ÷˽壬ָĵƬãã˵
¶ЩʹЦ⣬䣬ǽȥ˵
ǰΪ޷ѹֵʹ࣬ɫҰ׵ˣƻûа취ܾ΢΢ͷС
еȼ¯ӣʮֵůͣ軹һ̺ӣƻϣһȲ衣
Ȼһ۲ĿССڵĺŲ裬
ƻ֪ڻ䣬ҲûдϣֱһǾ׵飬ҲܽΪʲôһȫһ
֮ŰߴƻƿҲڿ˵ʵҺܲЩϾǸûйϵ飬ûбҪ֪Щʹ衣ʵô˵ҲԣΪϾҲһجΣҲͲڹ
ƻ΢΢üͷ˵ʵЩĻףجθйϵ
˵ȥҵһµĻӣûʲô׷֮ġȻ㣬ҫ۵ĺϵǣȴΪűˣûԼ⡣
˵ƻʶڽǰԼ۾ѵѵҲĲɣ
㾪ޣִռң㽫̫һַϻλ˶֪жôƺҲ֪жôİ㡣˼Ϊ˾һһļȴǰԲѣȥʱȴһ㡣
ƻŬѹϵľȣ֪Լ˵ʱȥԼҲ֪ûȥԼУЩģģӰӣѵɣ
ѾȫԼĻУûע⵽ɫĲͬѰֻ˵һǣûߣ˴
ʹε˵Լȥ飬ƻȴƽҲԻ̬Ŀùʹ࣬ٻؿЩ·ľͬһجһ㣬Ҳһʼ˵ģЩڵûйϵˡ
ֻǰǰΪᣬΪĥˣһĴδй
軹ڽţǰƻ飬ұʬ壬ǰ˻ɱҵĸףʹˣ޼ˣһͱұʬ뿪һķضȹһ
˵ȻЩʣĨһۣȥƻĿ𾪣΢΢ЦǲǺܻ
Ҳ֪ƻ㱵ҡҡͷʵǺʱΣ
ЦЦܾúܾ֮ǰˣ춼һμ֮ǰұѾ񶼲˰ˣճҪ㲻Ÿϻ춼ȵ㡣
ʱ͡ƻͷһ㣬ٵѹסԼĴԼй¶
ЦҶĸĪȴһ
ƻͷľܾΪ޷µĳ޺Ͳ¼ɣһֱ֮ǧ֮⣬ͲɶƵӿΡǰˣǼʮĿͼȣȴЩһ޷һˣڳҹаġ
ƻǲΪҿ迴ᣬЩ㷲ʵ
ƻҡͷʵĿеҸеֵôôõˡҲΪڵҸеңãûдˡ
 

İپʮ Գ

Ǹǿһ޴ЦתתһӣоȻнٺ֮УҺãҺҲûд˴ˡ
ƻĻҲʮֵĸж̲סȥס֣֡
ͳд޷繣ƻͷһůҲûа취װԼֻס֣ڡ
ȻһЦȴ⣬ҵһþãþˡ
ңҶ֪ҵĴƻҲỨʶ˲壬ˡ
ҡͷԭûоЩô˵Ĵأ˫ס֣ʵӦþúܻԼҲͲһΣҲǰļ䣬ֻߣ»ˡ
㲻ô࣬ʲôڵһжµġµģҲµģЩ̫ˣԺֻǰ
⻰ֺγ˵ԼģʹǰǶ޷ǣҲ÷£ǰˡ
ͷ˵ûӦ÷ˡ
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˵Уɱ춼һƬңȴ˺ܶණĿЩĸ߽⡣̫͢ıɸ˰λϮʵۣѲ񶼵Ϸһ磬춼ҲҪһ𣬻Ѿûš֧֣һҷѡѵ̫˵˻λκε𣿡
ĻƻҲĬˣû˱˽񶼵񶼵ĸ㷱٣һеһжԼΪĵġ
ϷһֽϻλڲҪʱ׾ٵɱ˵ˣϷĿܣҪƵҰġ
ɣһҪ𣿡ƻ΢üͷ˵ҵ棬ռҵ棬Ҳͬôԭ򣬾Ϊóֵˣʮʮ궼ָܻġϻλܶҪֲƽɵĺ
̾һ,˵ЩôֲסЩһɵйֻ죬˵һ鶾ʹȥȻỊ̇ǹȴûʱеΣա
Զ٣˵۾׵飬̸񶼣ٳıҾҪıһ£𡣲ƲʹһҪΪµΪ˺Ϊĳãһжֵõġ
ⷬƻòϣԼ˵ˡһвƲʲôģʲôõĵģֻи֤γΪʥ
ŲҲ¶ЦݣҽŷһֱһС㡣
Ҳ΢΢һЦûǷͺá
ǳ𡣡ƻƲƲ죬Ҳ˲˵ֻģôڻòá
̾һ˵Ƿҽܲˡ
ˡƻԭǸΣôһ˵ҪͶˣջأͲһĻӢòã
ĲУϵЦҲϷŴ̾һƻֻʱҲžԼǻŵġ
ƻһмֲȻƲӣ˵
ĵġ迴¶ɬЩƮƮȻ׷ʵƻǲӦˣ
ʲôƻɻĿ
̿ʼˣæ˵Ǽ޸ҵ鰡
ƻһۣ΢΢ҧҧʱȴͻȻЩڿڡ
ƻĿڴĴ𰸡
ƻ϶ʼƮ죬һڵ˵ͷһҵĿݹǣһʲôûɣôһҡ
͵ߵǰڻᣬôܻᣬ뿪ôȥ
ƻҲֱסһסĻ
ܰʱ̫ݣƻֲʲôˣĻ˵ûм䣬˵񶼵顣
ļƻһţƻ˿߶Ѿ׵ɫ˵Ҷˣȥֹ齻ҡҵһк͵İ취ȫ߱ġ
Ҫ𣿡ü᲻ô뿪
ƻȴɴĵͷҳżҲ֪ҸʲôˣڶҪˡЩ»ӣԵÿЩȥ
迴Ҳûʲô֮飬ʧֲ績һ㣬ߣֻ̾һȻ뿪ˡ
 

İپʮ չ

ƻûмͻȻתһӲĻٵһ㣬Ҫҡ
˵ٵתèһŴϷûһͲӰ
߽ʱ軹أվڴߣһܡ
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ӣû°ɣ߹ȥǰ˻Ρ
ֱӰĵǵЦȴôҲղס㲻£λ춼һŪһְٰ
ôˣҲһƻˣϵĴ˼Ц⣬Сͬ޸ˣ
ô𣿡΢΢üȴǵ⡣
̲סզ࣬ҲֻӸ˶ҪƮˡ
ЦŰ˰֣ô˵ȷʵǸˡ˵ӦƻӦûḴλˣע⽻ӡ
˵ǽɣָָѾ׵ɫ
迴ɫЦܽɣ֮ע⡣
ҡҡͷ˵Ĳ֪ϦϦӰɡ
֮µʱ䣬˾񶼵ĥϺãǹͬƽ£Ŀ̨ǻԵġ
һԶԤĻҪá
˵˹ʹһҹһж̫ˣȺбȥһȵǽӡͷҲɢϣǱ
ɵƻɾ࣬ʤһ߸վʱ˴δйķߺޣ޲ðҵȻԼվȡ֮ԭģԭʤߡ
ʵȴʮֲпᣬץߣ磬ûᣬбź˽˳
ЩεǸֻп˸ʽļԼŪڹ֮䣬ȴûһ취
ҳһ࣬ŬҪһеڻص춼֮ǰ֣ô飬ôһɴǰǿơ
ŶܵԴ֮ļ죬Ų˴򽻵
춼һУڵ춼òһȥӭӡ
ֻǧԶں棬ôżȻΪԼ̲Ź͡
⣬ϣԶԶĿϣ߽
߻ʵӦ̫ദĲɣ迴ϵͻȻʵ
е˼˵Ҳʮֺãֻ̫ӵ¶һֱչˡ
ͷ̫һֱϲңӻҪ߻ʵˡ
˱˼ʵлʲô⣬Ҳֻõ˵ͷԵ̫ҡ
ֵ˵ͷͲ˵ˡ
˵ЩȷʵûʲôҽֻǵַģֱӸȥ鶼Ĳˣпջȥƻ
˼䣬Ѿߵ˸ǰҲûʲôϲɫֻ䵭λʵǰӭӣ۳Ͷ٣ҲˣǿЩ̣ҵطñЪЪɡ
Ȼ񣬵ɫģ˵Ѿ̫ӱסˣǾ̫ӽǰɡ
ĵͷҲ˵ʲôֻǰߣںϡ
˽˳ǣֶ˵Ѿ̫ӱ˽ӷ磬ʱ񶼻¡
ưĵͷġ
Ȼ̫ӣǵȻӡЦЦȻ˵ܻҪȥﱸ飬߻ʵܴŵȥŵĵطҲ˳Ĵɡ
Ͳϲô˵Ȼ̾͵ͷҲʲôֻ뿪ˡ
ڽֿڣ뿪ǹһĨЦתͷֱոȥ
ȻƻѾ飬ԣҪһȴôġ
Ϸ˻ǰܿзﲼߣͲȥƻֻܰͰĵ
һ̫ƵѾûмƻˡ
ոѾʶˣЦĻԵȣСȥȥͻء
͡΢΢ͷ
˶Ļӹ۸ĺãмֱӰӦӭȴҪȰ͵ƻͬŽš
ȻûбҪϷ˺ͰܿԴ˹۸жܺãϾܿüƻأոء
˹Ȼûжñ˻ЦŶ˵СȥӼ
лЦףȻһ·ߵ˻ӡ
 

İپʮ 谭

һţȿȴǰܿ
ϽҾݼĸȴƻϿһۡ
ƻҲһΣȻܿҪŹġ
ܿҲ˸ӣǻЦĻӲôҿܲ𡣡
ĸĻҲЦڲĸǰԶֻС
ܿǺãϵЦҲ͵ļ֣ˣˡĻӿɣĻӵĵ衣
̬ȺȻôãһʱЩӦűӣʱƻϿ
ܿûдЩСЦ˼֣ȴЩʵߺǰ˲٣ĻӦҲҪ뿪˰ɣ
նĲ豭裬ָϽ˻ȥ˵ĸ֪̫Ӹոս˳ǣƻҪ̫Ӵ񶼵飬뿪
ܿûжپȣҵƻ˵ֻû뵽ô졣
żЩش
ܿͷȷȫˣ̫֪ܴʲôģ˶٣ʵ񶼾ʲôӣĻпд𣿡
⡭費ɵֿһƻ
ܿҲһƻЦЦʵôʵЩ𣿡
ǣǣڰ֣˵ֻЩ֪οڰˣҲ²ĸҡ
ܿЦЦ⻰˵ģʲôʸ˵ĻӲǡĻ˵ǣҲΪƻòȷе˵ĻʳЩʲô
˸跸ѣƻȻԸ˵϶ԼɣҪ˵˵ˣƻⲻò졣Ҫʲô˵ֿܿ϶Ҫˡ
Ȩ֮£Ǿ߰ܿϾƻԺ壬Ҫǵ˰ܿɾûа취ˡ
񶼣ӴԺҪˣԺӦֻһͨĳǳأҲΪڶˡ
Ļ˵ܿʲô׵ģ΢΢һֵ֮˵ͷġ
ƻߣ˵ĸ׵Ĺ磬ĸ״Сĵط˷ǣĸġ
㵹ˡֱܿѾ˷ˡֲı͢һݲһǵķ
͸ƻҲû뵽ȷʵСĸˡ
Ҳ͵ĸ塣
ܿЦǾͲعάˣЩ֮ˡ
˵֮飬ȴж˿أ̾ϢȨѾǵģǵ۶סˡ
ܿ΢΢ͷҰ͵ĺѡ£ǽĻƻν£
ЦҲûʲô£ֻ̫ˣǵҪһЩӦĲ
ԭܿЦȻ£ȷʵʺˡ
⵹ûСҡͷ
ܿһЦҪǾҲ£ҲͲżȥˡ
ô˵Щ⧲ֻܸЦ
ӲͷƤƻ˵Щ˹ڲ飬ʵûʲô˵ģ˵ϵĸӷ顣
ܿ̲סһ䣬飬ƻͲȥ˰ɡ
ȻƻֻոС㣬ֻҪճһȥˡ˵
ܿ΢һƻô˵δĹɲôͷ¶ġ
ЦЦס
˵˼䣬ܿ񶼵鶨֮ĻӾ̫뿪𣿡
ЩôǵͷӦþͻȥˣϾ춼кܶҪ
⻰ܿɫֳ̳ôĶѵûƺ𣿡
϶йԱֵġ˵ĸģȻһ̯Ӿ뿪ġ
ܿûԼ˼ɫĻӾôɴ뿪𣿡
ҲЩʵڲ֪ʲôӣֻʵĸǻʲôǵ𣿡
£ܿɫǳ׳ˣȻôɴ뿪ֺαոܣ
軹ЩףƻѾˣЩΣѵҪײɣ
ĸǾ𣿡Сĵʵ֮ſһƻͣĳԼʹɫָͣԼ
üһ£˲ˣϽȵȻʮֲףֻǣҲòȥ춼һ£ҪģҲҪƻĸźס
ܿɫ΢˵㣬תͷƻ΢ŭǰ컹ĵ˵ûйϵô˼Ҷ˵Ҫˣ˵һĶͷҵҪôĸͣ
 

İپʮ ӷ

ƻͷǺЦϽס˰ܿĸ첲˵飬ĸ׻ǲҪȸĸ˵ɣȵʱԼԸĸ˵вУ
ܿһתͷ˵Ů׼ܸı䣬Ҳûʲô׹أĻӲҪΪ;أҪ˿
Ȼᣡ迴һƻѵģôΪ
˵ļٻܿ˵ȻһǾ仰ദעŮĪ˵л
ЩҶףЩҲԽ׳һ˵
ܿŵͷҶɼȷʵϧƻǵĻ£ҲǺܷԣֻƻܻԶЩ
ܿҲ΢΢ûУҲ뿪ġ
˵ʲôɵܿһۣˣ
ƻһʱҲˡ
Ҳ΢΢üͷʵѾһЩ룬ǱϾûзҲ˵ʲôҲֻгĬˡ
Щˡ
ߺ󣬰ܿƻЦݶߵˣδĸǰСġ
ƻսսģҲ̲סЦĸǹİɡ
ҪôͱˣҲ޸ģܿ
ƻڰܿʵ˹ңҾرҸ
ҿ𣡡̲ܿסЦ˵
У滰ƻ˹죬
ܿıӣĸŮЦһš
뿪ո֮󣬱ֱȥŴ
ľδݵɸûʣӷͰ
ŽĲ˵񵥵߰ĶøĿ
˿˵滮ˣ˼ȻʵȻǱĽӷ磬Ȼǲٳֲǣô˵ҪĿ
˵ⲻΪ˶֪̫ӵĿζϳʲô©̫ӰĿġ
ǵǹԾֺһһĶˡ
ɫ΢Ѿֿ˵ˣվſڵĻӣ˶Щȣһͷϥˡ
ʵûʲôӷ磬費Ҫ˽⵽񶼵ˡ
ʱգЩмҲ˲ٵճһģٶЩ飬ĻӾ͸һֹſӭӣһĵȻܳܲ
ճ֮󣬿վҲ¶ֲͬĻôôվĸҪĻӭӵģ
̫ӵ˼˵
ճ΢һüҲ˵ʲôˣʵѾĻԸȥˣ첻̫ѿġ
΢΢ͷ̫࣬Ƚȥɡ
ճ˸Ҿ߽˴š
ûжã˱㶼ˣҲص˴Уת˵ȥ뿴
ûã˽ҷ׷
߻λߡ
߻ʵ̫ܺദĹȻд̫ԺйһأЦʵ
ҲЦЦ̫ҪϢ֮˵ĻҲ࣬ûйԺӡ
ǿϧˣ⸮лвٿɹ͵пձ̫һһɡ˵
ȴɻ󣬲«ʲôҩôͻȻ̫ߵôѵʲôıɣ
ѿʼˣһλݲǸлӷ磬һЩ춼ο͸лǣ֮Ļ
ļסǣ˾ϷҲ˿ٻ£һžƱޱȵ档
㲻ճһɵģǿĳ棬Ҳ湧ģǼɵ˵˸ࡣ
΢ûУЩƽ۾ͷļôڿǰô˵ûıɵӲš
䱸ĬĬ㲻ߵôˣʡ̯鷳
òĳƪۣλĸ񾴾ơ
άĻԴԴϣЦúϲ£죬Ҳ߲ܣһһ࣬ûöãЩ룬Գ˼̬
Ƶӵĸˡ
ȥ᲻⣿źȵĶ̻˵еĵǡ
Ц˵߻ʵܶˣ㿴ӵ¶࿪ģοⱾҪӷϴʲôϵ
üܲҪȾƺҲٹʡ
 

 ʥּ

λġ顱£˸ȥһ뿪Ÿոտʼ
û֮ǰ飬һָֻģ໥˵⻰Ƕߵŭӡ
ǰĶԱǿңüͷѲǲĹ
ĿĴɣҲĺЩ˺ѣֻ˾һƣԲʤ뿪ˡ
֮ҲͲɢˣ˶Իؼҡ
еȴҲܻؼңֱӱɱ˻ؼҵ·ϣǳһǱ壬ֲö֪
־µʱ䣬ϴ㳹׽ļҲͷԷѹԼĶڷⳡΪ׬˵ϴУʵ涼ء
Ȼ󼸺ԷԵֿʼϵһȷٲʧ
ЩǼγɵĬ֮ôͬ磬ǳ͢ʱܻԷվһսߡ
ѾƲѾǰſͼҳѾ뿪ĲࡣȻҲʮֳصĴԺǵĸȹһʱĻ̿ڣֽӦѾ䣬ɿֻ죬˵Ļƺ
ҲףϢϢصĸиҵ벻Щ壬Ҫǣǡ
ǶʧĲƸҪۣվָǸ񶼡
ЩףףԶ춼Ҳס
ԣµʱ䣬һּ񶼵ȫǨ񶼡
ɻ֣˵ȫĹӦȫǨܷ⡣
ʥּ񶼣ȻһƬȻȻԸȥ춼
ǵҵҲ񶼲˵·Ҳ񶼣ȥ춼Ļᶼûˡ
һҲɵ˵Ƕ䣬ȷʵǿԵġƫƫǸѾػ
ӵʥּ֮һʱȥոȥƻϢ
Ҵҵԭ飬֮ǰѾյϢˡƻЩΣָһˮ
轫£ס֣ƻôأ㲻һֱͲĸֿҲ᲻Щⲻӭжˡ
ƻЦȴû˵ֻ΢΢ƫͷ衣
ʲôЩɻʵ˵Ĳ𣿡
ƻҡҡͷЦҷ֣еġ
ţһüۣû˵
ģƻЦЦ˵ëͷСһ治֪ĵܵȥˣ
䣬ͻȻһѰסĸ첲Լһ˫۾ҶΣյĿ˵ëͷСӣѵӦ÷˼һ£Ϊʲô˵һ㶼𣿡
ƻûЩյĴһļ򣬲ʾĵԼСңСҪһľģ
⻰ϵȻ˲ҪЦȴƴѹǣǶ΢΢Щ鴤ôСˣ
ƻһֳǣЦЦôʲôȻһֻҲֳֻƤҧгݵѾд㣬뿪ʱһռҶǨ춼㻹˵Сˣ
ģϲʤԼţҲ۽üҶЦ⣬òĸƻж࿪ġ
ôˣƻҲСˣŬŬ죬ôɵƵġ
谮ôԲԵģҲ̲סգƻԭһҰҺ޵ˣȷʵСˡ
ƻŵ֣һڵĶ˶ӣϽҷſ
ϸ֫Ǽ㣬νڻôſˣԼҪԼ
ƻ̺˫ֻúЩɣ̲סĴսм֮ףҹһ־壬һʹ̣˵ʵʮõ顣
֮»ǵһΣƻ΢΢򴽣Ҳ̲סȴߣһ֣ǰҲȷ
еļһŮֵ֮ƻҲɵúеĽźڴͷƤ΢΢飬¶̲ס
ɣıһĥƻһᣬֱֿסĲӣԼ
ĴУǶ̲סë𣬱Ϣ궼
̲סƻø޲ýԼ
 

һ 

򵥵ĴѾ㲻裬΢΢סƻĴ꣬ռǼ
ƻȻ㾭飬ȴ㼼ɣֻȫôɬԽӵϧֻĴ꣬ûбֵ̫н͡
ҲĸıָҲԼжôϧ
ƻȻܸܵϧ¸жѧģ΢΢ƫͷ
˵ӵǲʮֵܰһϵͽĤݡһ׾ȴֿ
ΧĻˣʱƺҲЩͣͣ˾þöδֿ
ֱƻĶˣһ·˵գԻ⡣
ǣ룬ɤʵôˣ
ӽˡһƻԼһϽָѹסԼĴüǾ졣
豻ЦŲӣ´ҵϾͲŲˡ
ƻŭصһۣȴһƬɺ죬ȴ˵
ôˣԽǲ˵Խ붺ıӣô˵Ϊã
ƻŵ֣ʹɤӣŭå
ְ˴Ϸʵåҳϣҿɲţ
㣬㲻Ҫƻűôһ䡣
跢õЦҲҪˣȻҪɶƤˡ
ƻҧгݣȴһ취ûУֻŭſң
ãá迴ЩϽھͷſ㣬֣Сϡ
ƻֹͣҲԷſЦ㿴ǲƭģ˵ſͷſˡ
ƻһ̫ˣЦݣ￴һԲ˶ߣ
ȴӵãƻ˵ѵͲ𣿡
װˣ͵ɿ佱˰ɣƻתͷһĿ
ЦƻȻ˽ң
ûˣ
˳֣ʱķǳ죬ѾҪ硣
Ҳʲôʿɶֹƻһ磬ѾˣҪ뿪ʱ
ճȥһˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʥּ飬ҲȷʵҪһӦճ鷿
ճ˶з꣬ʥּĵĵҪǨ񶼣ĵʵԡ
Щɲһʱȫ֧Ҳ꣬˴
ʥּ˵ܷ⣬ĲǰƭȥȻɱ
Ļ̲ס¶һ˿
֪գռֺαصأ
ճüͷµĻҲطҡȻҲѾֲˣʵЧҡ
ôƮƮ˵Ȼ֮Աǣǻ˵ȻˣռʲôõĵġȻ֪ҳϣҲȷʵڹضúõĽġ
ճȴЩɣ𣿻˴ȣ
ͷ̫£ҵĹǷ˽䱸֮ģһռСԼռõһңҳӣҲ˿ûжҡռҵĵλģҲᣬҲܶ㶯֣ϾҲҡҡ׹һռҵĳ
⻰ǷǳֱˣճҲ¶ԵõЦ⣬˵Ļ˵⻰ҪǴϵĶҪһ󲻾֮ˡ
ЦЦû˸ô֪أ
ճҲЦ˶һۣЩղ
ճˣʱı¶ҰģΪͬһˣķ½ġ
̸Ļ̸ˣճȻ³緹⵽һ̽
ԷӦ飬Ȼһĵģύ׽ҲǿԼġ
ȻȻӦʣҷǳȻϾܸƻһԷᲢࡣ
ճΪʾԼԼռҵĺгȻðܿƻ㣬ϯҲյλ
Ȼֻһ̺ҲЩ
ܿǾûʲôνóԳԣúȺȡ
ʥּ֮Ҳʮֵľȣճ誵ҲûжʲôֻüЩǡ
ƻ֣ʾԺϸ˵
ܿɫ΢Щ
һٷƻ̸ཻ࣬ʱ򶼺٣Ҳʮֵ㣬ƽʱЩ
ճ۲һٷʱ䣬ǲǰʲô˽飬ҲһϾƻĴ̣Բɻڴƻռ˵Ļᡣ
 

 

裬ƻͰܿͻ˻ӡ
һ䣬ܿƻǲѾ֪ʥּ顣
ƻͷԭʹĸ˵ţǴ˵鵢ˣֱȥǰԾûлῪڡ
ô룿ܿлЩǣöҪȥ춼
ƻ̾һȻ˵ĸףʵûʥּҲ˵ĸ㣬ȥ춼
ܿһ㶣Ȼ˵Ϊ裿
ȫǡƻ˵ĸףϣбҸãʺҵˣҲ뿪ҲѾûмֵ춼µսȥܸõİǣҲͬ벻ĸף벻ĸľ˽ĸҪңһռ춼㣬һǹȵӡ
ܿͷ΢΢̾Ϣ߲˽ŮǺ飬ȻᣬҲϣܳӡΪҲֹһεϷ˵ոΪҲ֪мǹҵˡ
ƻļϣ⡣
ֽܿڻҲãô춼ʮһ꣬żӣ̫ܲİЦЦ˵ҵЩģôϷ˵أ
ƻҲ̾˿˵ģҲûôĸ˵飬»ǵȵ׵ʱ˵ɡʥּĸǿռҰοģٲԸҲȥġ
ܿͷЩʱȥĸ˵˵ɣܸ顣
ƻҲͷ
˵һỰϷǱ߾ƻȥˡ
ҲܵϢƻżҲûе黻·ȥˡ
˵ⶼʲô£ôǵȥ춼ɣϷּиһԸ⡣
ƻֻḧؿڸĸɲӡ
ϷҲŪƵǨ춼Ҳûжٻţֻȴʮֵĵģƻ֣ճһẦռҡ˵˵Ҫȥ춼Ǹſģôݵռҡʵڵģȥˣ뻢ڰ
ĸĪˣճѾռûйϵˣҾ϶ռֽ٣ռұϾǵһң׶ֵġˣҲ˻أĸңռһ춼վȽŸġƻʵڼϽ
Ϸ˿ᶨγӣҲƽץ֣ƻռҾֻܿˣ
ôеƻͷҲЩأضףôҲѹ̫󣬱˵ͷ,ĸģƻһṼĸ
Ϸһȴһ˿裬ճôȥˡ
ƻҲͷ˵ĸҲõģĻӻܻѹסܷܲ
ϷȻҲ˵ͷеȴûɢȥ٣һ˵ѾĻ̸ˣ
̸ˣȻƵϾйĸԼһ壬ռ̫ܲѹƻͷ
ϷʵǾҪˣ
Ȼ̸飬ƻҲû˵ĸ˽춼ļλ𣿡
Ϸ˵Ȼʮ˽⣬Ҳ֪һЩһʱܻΣĻȻ˵Ǻܳ谮Щ꣬ϺԶ׽̫ӡ߻ӣλ΢ûк˵ġĻӣزǲʣ֪ҲЩ
ƻͷĸã̫ӿɻһ
ôʣϷüҲϸ˼һ˵̫Ӵˣ˵ȴҲûʲôΪֻ˵ƽӹ˺úøҲһΪ
ƻȴҡͷĸ֪ΪϣƽӹһһֱֻƽӹĻʵۣܳŶãңˣƫƫţҳҲȥ١δ񶼵ܿĻһֱڸѹ񶼸壬ȴֻΪ˸ĺô㴦Źֻ뵽ǰСɼĿܺƭԺô
ɼȻ˳ô׵ķϷüͷʵ
ƻ˵ڳζҲʧʧ˱Ҳôˡ
˼дˡϷһ˿⡣
ƻ˵ȴֹøңûʲôˣʲôȥˡң֪ЩҲûʲôãҪϹģֻҪףˡ
ƻкЦҲû˵ʲôϷһᣬ˻ӣʼ׼Ǩ춼顣
 

 

תۣѾǿʱڣ·һ£ƺƵǨ飬ڵִ춼
ӴֺĶ飬˰פΪΧۣ׷ŶЩʲôˣʲôġ
Ҳкˣϳϵı־
ǵһңռҵı־Ǩ춼ܷˡ֪ˣﶼ֪ˣͿ֡
ⳤĳӣôȥǰݻһǻЩΪҪжˣһŴӽʧ
ðԹصͬʱҲò̾һҵĵ̡
ռֻһ滹ң⼸½½ͻ춼
һ·۳Ͷ٣ǿϷҲˣ˸֮ҲֻͣϽϷ˰ˡ
ҩ˯ˣƻͰܿ˿ЯţԼԺȥ
һ·ϣҲòιһԺӡ
ԺӵǺܴˣ̨ͤ¥һĻ԰ǰһڣֱͨϣ;滨ݣһȻĺ
лȣͨĵĸ¥
˺Ҷɻã涼ƮŻ㡣ͣŻͺҲ¡
԰Ĳ֣˼ϷĿ㣬˼ֱĹʹҲЩ
߹ŵǵԺӡһҲӡ
ֻԺҪ񶼴һЩԺӣǰǴãĸŮķ䡣
ͥԺ˱߽˴á
̫ʦΣһɽˮͼӡ
һϷŲߺ̡һϴԲǳԷĵط
󷽣ֲӲ
ͥԺ˵ľ
ܿȻ˯ݣƻǰһ˯᷿
ԺӺжദǳѾסĵطСźͳԺҲʮֵķ㡣
˱ЩͶ٣һ·˫ҲᣬԺ˵䣬ԻطϢȥˡ
ƻһ䣬ЩסˣΪķ䲻ǲֻǰ裬񶼵ļֱһģһ
ָϽ˳ȻܿҲӷ˳ԺӲСҲδֻ߳ſһЦ㶼۷ȥˡ
ƻ㣬ҲЦ˵ͬСһʱЩסˣΪֻء
һֱƻߣڷѲȦҲ棬ҲǷˣǰ񶼵Ķ˰ɡ
ҲãסĸϰЩƻЦЦдżᡣ
߹£˵ūѾˮСϴϴϢ𣿡
Ҳáƻͷ˵һ·Ͷ٣ԼϴϴãҲȥϢɡ
ҲƴǣֻԸ˽ˮ̧ԡ㶼ȥˡ
ƻϴ˸ˮ裬Ը˽ˮ̧ߣڴϣһ˯ȥˡ
˯磬Ű緹Ѿ׼ˣ˵СԷء
ȻЩ٣ƻ΢ϴȥóԷ
ܿЩ㲵ģۣвˣЩˣȥ˯һᡣ
ӶԼģ÷ҲѰԵģûʲôʿڣƻθҲܿеĲҲԸɾˡ
ɫҲǺܺã˷ҲúϢϢɡܿв˱˵
ܿЦЦҵãЩϷˡ춼ˮҪˡ
ģĸ·ϵθʣټЩ纮СĸҲӲʣţܿܺˡƻο
ܿͷҲˣһȥϷˣЩ
ˡ
ʲôԷɡܿ˵ţָЩˡ
ƻ߲ܣЩԳˣֱȥ˯ֻԺй䡣
С㣬ˣȥճ˵һС㡣߹˵
ƻͷ˵֪ˡһۣ춼񶼣ԺҲԭеˡԺҲҪĻӣ⹫ӾͲҪˡ
ͽ̵ͷͬūˡ
էƻҲʲôҪԼϤ»˵ǹ˹䣬ֻ˷䣬Ͽ顣
࣬һӣһһ߸ߵͩ뵲䣬ȻѵǷȴʮȣŴ
ƻ飬ûһᣬƤԽԽأЩ˯
ʱľƻһֻ飬ѾϣѾ˯ˡ
Ҫһȴֹʾȥɡ
ͷߣߵſ̲סһۣ͵Ц뿪ˡ
ƻҲˣȻ˿ŶߵҲû⣬۾Ϸ˸
 

 Ҹ

ƻЩ̰ϵ·ǱɴģվҲͰˣţת䣬ɴĴܡ
СȶѾ¶ߣҲѾ˵һҪӲɴϣԳ
һԵ裬ɣ˿ڿˮ̲֮סЦ
ýˣȻҲ⾰
ƻ˯죬ҲĽֻüѵƿߣڵϵ飬Ĳ̵Ŀ
ʱرȻ۾ϣȴȥһ֡ƻ˯ߣ־þס
۵ʹˡ
ǻǹҪ£ƻͻȻû׵۾ӵҲû裬ֻǽ߽󣬴һǷʵ˯˶ˣ
̲סЦãֻҳ
￴ˣֻ˵ԼƽʱٶȰˡ
һƻһ飬Цӯӯģȴһ죬Ͻϵ·
ôҲأƻ̧ͷ
ЦЦҿ˯죬Щġ˵ţЩ۵һûôôЩ
𣿡ƻ˿Լĸ첲һֱ·ϣȵԵʣˡ
գʲôӦĵط׼˲ٱվ͸ŵɲҪ̫̰ˣСĻ˶ӡ
һûôšƻЦЦ㵹ļʱ
˵Ӧ϶ЩӦϾոҲˡҲɣ˯˯ˣҲӦˡ
ָĦգҾ㲻Ӧ㰴񶼵סԭһҰýˡ
ҲˣǱߣҲԭõģ㼸ءƻЦ˵
һҲܸˣĸϲͺá
ƻϸ㣬ôоҲЩ㸸Ϊˣ
Ϊǿ϶ģҲϰˡ˵ֻЩæˣϾô飬춼Ҳҵĺܡ
ƻͷҲҪע尡黹ûɣۻӡ
۾ڵҰ
ϻƻòڣֱĵ֣Ҳϵҵٻòã
˳ŸԭҶƻôҪ𣿡
Լˣƻһۡ
Цƻô˵һĬˡƻģ˵ҲͬҪҿɲģΪҵġ
ܺú˵ǲǣô벻һףҲƻЩԲЩյûš
ôɬΪϲģʵ̲סҪ
ҵķθ֮ԡ
ƻֵһۣټ⣬ʵղȥճΪʲô£
תƻ⣬ϧ˳Ļ˵ȻҪȥһҲΪ˸ȵ嶼ˣҪһ磬ʱһǽӷϴҪż
ƻͷбҪģ̫أ֪ᷴӦȣʲô
Ҳͷʵ˵Ϸ˲ˣô
һֱôΣ˼ΰѳθ»ˣЩ˷硣Ȼʲô󲡣Щĥ˵ĲúúþС
ƻҲͲҴˡ
ҲüʶλҽϷ˿һҲżúűˡ
ҲסƻεЦЦ̲סЩģϾĸҲˣôڣҲܲˡ
踧˸ıҲ˼ǲܣЩֹγҩġ
ĸҲ˵Լγ˭Ҳû뵽ǡƻʲô鶼Լ
ЦЦⲻΪ𣿡
ƻֻůůģ̲סֱסͷؿڣ˿á
㣬΢΢һ㶣ҲֽסĴָļ򣬵ܱĸоҲǳáƻĺߵһ鶼ˣֻÿţЩʱͺáǣȴ͡
Ҫʲô鶼ҲأƻЦܰ㣬ҲܿģҲܰġ
賤̾һôÿôС
ôˣƻ̧ͷĿ
Ŀ۾ҶҪҸˣ
ƻ飡
Цͷͷһ£Ҳ̲סҾҪ㣬ж࿪ģжҸ
 

 

һʱر죬ֲҾ˵һỰҪ뿪ʱðܿϷˡ
̽żһתֱӳݶȥ˵Ҫܿ밲ҲҪƻһˡ
ƻֻԼȥ·͹ȥ
ż㣬û׼ĸҳԷءЦúǲá
ƻһۣһʱ䣬߽ݡ
ڣܿĵõǺǢƻˣ˵ôĻˣҲ˵һأ
⻰˵ƻһ㶣̬ǰҲ̫ˣƻεﲻչĸ𣿡
ҲðĻס˳Ը㷹ǣôôˣֿܿƻ
Ͻ˵ҾֻҺƻˣв㣬Ҫߵġ
ܿѾȫǰԼ˵ĻЦ˵Ļ̫ˣʲôġԺû»Ǿһ
ЩܳϽͷһһ
һһ͵ģƻʵΣѵǴ˵еĸ￴ŮԽԽϲ
Ȼܿ뿪
֮ƻûпѯǰܿ˼Ҿ㣬ôҲڼԸأ
ƻüһֱŮܲףܵദ̫ʱǰġ
һ𣿣ܿһɸֵӣܲףֲǲ˼ҳԸ̫ʧˣҪǴĶΪռûأ
ƻﻹʲô׵ģԼüģǿǵ̫ܵˣȴ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
£ܲΪ㿼𣿣ܿüͷʵǲˣȥϢɣ쾫õȥĸ
ãȻȥˣҲЩϢɡ
ܿͷͷ뿪ˡ
ֹ֮ʱ䣬񶼵Ҳ㶼춼죬Ȼ֮ǰ˵ģ̹㷢񶼸Һͱй壬һ𵽹и硣
죬˲ϷˣռҼ˶ʢװϯ
ڹϣƻ̲ס̧ͷܡ
ȻһģһҪ˵ʲôͬǰĻʹҪеࡣ
ļУڻʹǶӣǻ谵ġ
Ѹ񣬼ǰߡѾõ˾꣬ʲôģѾҪˡ
ܿǾߵ˴ѾвѾڵС
ſڣ̫೪һճЯŮ
ļ򵥣ռ֣ȴأ˲䰲˲٣˵񶼼˸߽ˡ
ճһɫ£׺бʯ±õĽɫϵĻҲýƣһǳĻ󣬸Ե
϶¶֮ɫȻû뵽һҵļȻᡣ
󿴣ܿһƫֳ࣬ҲԵʮֵؾͷ϶䣬β㣬ԽԵؾǳеİܿԽӵ浾ֱĵõһʱ²䡣
˶Ǽܿģһ£һֱ໴޵Ӥ߽еľ󣬶˵ԺС绪ɣͬһ㣬ϲжм־塣
ƻϿһʱΪˡƻòʣȫκԵʲôͷʲôһҲ뷲ӡ
˶ƻĴŵģ˵񶼵һŮ޸ȴ˻顣һ²ֻ񶼵һŮô򵥣ȫҲҳŮӡ
̬죬ҲڶռɴݲȣչŮָǵλϡ
ճǰĸŮΧûʲôˡ
ûжã߱㽥ˣһȴǱĹ塣
ճưȻǲ˴ģԳݣȻҲԣԵճ롣
Ҿǵûǰ󣬵ƻĸŮҲ̽ǿȥֱЦ
ĸŮȻҲԼ⣬յǻͦǢ
ƻȴЩ⣬ԱһŮһֱͣϣѾԷ΢Цͷˣ֪ΪʲôһֱԼ
ƻֻתͷʵλСʲô𣿡
Է毺õ¶һ˿죬һҾ֪㲻ǵˣ
ǡƻ룬ȷʵû˭֮ʲôڣòϵЦݲûб䡣
СһմС˶£˱˰ɡ
 

 

ƻģȷʶԼģֻܴӶԷ֡
ղ̫೪ʱ˵ԼҵļҾ죬Ǳǹĸ塣ԼҲࡣ
ƻȷǰԼûжٽϾûжԼҵʱԼҾѾ̴ѹһ겻񣬸вˡ
ֻܴǰԼ춼ΪʵʱַǳԶļѰңԼԼңĬ֮Ȼ
ԼҵĶС𣿡ƻҲм־ϲ裬춼ЩСүǣֻҪǾͲŹǣʯͷǡ
ԼСȴһֻҪڶֹǣ˶֣ʱӡ̣Ͼ
ңСвգԼҶСɣ˵ͷӱ﷢һߡưƣ˵ĸоȴж⡣
ƻҲ֪ԸΪҲֱˬ֪Լˣ͵˺ܶСչˣʵҲʱҲԶԶĿС㼸ΣδСò˵ԼҵĶС㣬ʱݣȴСҲ֪ġ
ô˵뵱ʱҲ˴룬˵ҵʱҲ·ƽûҪر˼ֻǾҲǾʶܸôкû뵽㵱꾹ûпҵò
СˡƻЦ˵
ɿһۣЩŤ˵飬Ҳض롣ѾͬնĪǿڵ㣬ƶҪء
û뵽ȻοԼȻ˵ûʲôƻ΢ůЦҲ˼֣˵лС㣬鶼ѾȥˡңҾûеĿӣֺڵأ
ĿˣеѺͼ͸ɺøб߾ŮڰģŮҲҪǿ
㣬ܺãƻֱ׵Ŀ޵ʶЩҹöˣ⣬ԺѡģڣԲҵĵؽܰί
˵ŻнԼؿڣԱԷ˵ƵƵĿ
ԼƺҲڵĳϣ̶ã˲ָ˴Сģ
ƻ̿Ҳ˼ֺøСΪԼ飬ϲˣǽύ
Цֵһۣ˵ƻԱһλŮȴЦ˵λռҴС˰ɣҪϲϴμʱǸݵ΢ƼݵС㿴ڣǸӣ
⻰ּ߷ּðܿҲ΢΢üͷ춼࣬裬Ŀƻ϶˵ģʮֵۡ
˽ҿ˰̣ȻҲʮֵߡ
ƻȴɫ糣һЦЦ˵С⻰ȴмֲףĸȻ춼ΪʣǻʴȣĸŮչмӡô˵ݵ΢ƼأСҲǲʶҵģȻô˵ⷬĻأ
⻰ԾΥĵĻ˭ָ˵أѵҪ˵ǵ࣬β
СȻҲ޻˵ƻ㡱˰Ҳû˵Ȼ
ԱߵɿƻĿ⣬ֶ˼͡ͰѶԷ˵ƿԣСɫˡ
ԱõĹŮȻưոݣЦһ˵մСǲͬնˣϾռҲǺųƵһҡҿСò벻ΪʲôСҲᱻ˻أ춼ôãôϤ̣һ°ɡ
⻰һͬһӪˣȻǿ⡣
ǰܿɫȴˣҲŭҪ˵ȴƻס
λС֪лԼ˭ƻϵЦҲ˼֣дȻʵ
С㱻·ţǿװ򶨵Ҳ˵˭֪Ļ˼ҡôҲɵ˵ӣҪȻƻû޸ǶԵġ
ƻ˵Ȼ֪λСƾ;˵˵ΪСŮ֪أлԼıĶӣĻԼǿռҶµģռҴͷβûгϹ˻飬ҲΪռҲԸ׵Ĺ˳вҪռҰˡ
ô˵ûȢ㣬ȴȢãС㲻ʾʵ
ƻĿһۣ֪þĸԸأһ֣˵ӵ䣬õǾһԸ⣬ôأ
˵ţҲ¶˻̾һֻҵá
 

 

Ѿ䶨̼޸᪵Ҳû⻹ƻ˵
ֻⷬǰռҺƲĸɸɾҲռĿ
ǣⷬûʲôȴ֮Աǣ̵ǲ֪ռǿ¾ЦЦ
ıǱǰǰһûгԵľռңһҲ˵ҲᱻϺú÷һ
ǵȻЩƻ㣬Ҳֹѵռ޹Ĳɣ
ôƻⷬ˶˴룬һɣԭЩЩΪƻôίѾߡ
Сǲģ׷ʵǲô˵㶼Ǳ˻ģҲǻˣƾʲôǰʲôСļӣ
ƻһ˿ͣҪ˵Աߵһŭߴߴʲô˼ҺôҲԶĿˣ⹬ҲǸ˼ҽӷģ˿춼Ĵ֮ǲǣ˵Ҿּҽ̣
ͻȻƻüëһû뵽ôȥ򱧲ƽԸ
Сһ㶣û뵽ƻ˵ҵĵλԼ൱ŲɣŭҽֻС˵ǿЦ˵ûмҽ̣ǱԼҶˣҰģѹֺռҴС㿴ˣ
˵ʲôŭĿԲҾǸԼҶˣ˵¹󡣵ܹϣ˵ȴ̱ռҾٲãҲĹ϶˵Ҫͣȴ벻˵ʹţżôԽǲǣ˵㲻ϵжϣ
⻰С㳹׺ȴһʱҲĻʹʵûǿʶȥһϵĻϵñӿҲҽӡ
û˵˰ɣмȰ˵֮ǰǶදӣҪ˿Ц
Сøܣɣ̫
Цһ⻰Ӧ˵Լǣ
ƻֵÿСԱ񣬵ȴܿΪ飬˷飬ֿڵԭλС㣬СĻҲˣռܷ֮ʱҲҪһʻϣǲǻԼ㲻ǲĻˣ
㣡С㲻ײеŭ˵лҳˣαؽֵǰȥأ
Ȼʾƻ飬ֻһȻСô˵춼˶ôõģΪԼռңҶҪʻϣʡ˾ռʸŮ޸Ķӡ
Сɫ¶˿ңһߵҲʮֵĿ⡣ЩСƲһҹ㣬Щ˿ҹ飬
С㻹˵ЩʲôȴһѣƻЦ˵ѯĻôС˵ءСǸСɱҼˡ
ⱾС֮飬˵ЩǲӦöԵģȻˣƻҲܲӣ˵ˡ
˵һ㣬һߵİܿסƻһʼҲڳݲÿڣǼȻ˿ˣҲûٳĬλ˵һ֪ģҼƻҲ˵ЩʲôôҲǹ磬Χô˫۾ţֻЦȷʵƻĲӦãҪ˵ǸӦø˵Ǹǡ
һڣ˵ɫҲÿһС˵ɰͰ͵˵һ䣬շ˿ˡ
ûʲôէҲϤ춼ǣܸÿһЩʡ˾ռûмҽ̵˼ҡܿ״˵춼ļҽ̺ļҽȷʵЩࡣ
˵ֿ˵ղŶлСˣСļҷ絹ռҲ࣬ԺҪһҼƻ֪֪춼ҵļҽ̶ʲôġ
̵Ļ˵ɫһҪ˵Ůֻû
ôܿеļȻǵ˵ͷһƻӶЦж˿
ɶӡЩû뵽ĸŮôȤˡ
˵䣬еѾĲˣҲѾˣռҾб·λãΪһճƻòУҲʱʱ߿һۡ
ûڣûöãƻߵ˶ʱʱһС㶼Щ
 

 ת

ߵ̾ƻƲƲ죬ˬĵһۣзģ
˼ˣҲϲ⸱Դ׵ģ⣬ôܻأ
ǵЦⷴһ˫۾ᣬ·ꡣ
ƻǻ󣬸ɴͷȥˡ
һԵĵȴִ˴ϴż糺ĿƻʾǱ߿
ôˣƻҲȥ裬ֻǱ߿ţ¶ɻ
ϵЦмɬʵ㣬ѴʶĻ𣿡
ƻţֵ֮ͷˣȻϵЦݣֻ˵档ԼҵĶС㣬ӦĻӵıðɡ
ţȷʵұ硣ЦЦѾܶûмˣ˵һϵó𣿡
ƻֻΪǸ̾Ц˵ǼȻãȻϵ㡣
ЦЦҲǣȻҲ߿ˡ
⻰ƻЩЦҲû˵ʲô
ˣұôʵ
ƻûвʲôѰĶΪʶãûĵط롣
ĻӳúãӿҲƻƲƲ죬ϧ߶Ѿ͸ˣһӻˮ
ɬһЦѹ˵Ҹ˵Ҳҹùã˵Ҫҡ
û˵꣬Ǳ̫͸߳һϼݵ
ɲòֹͣ˵վ
صĻƻҲûзϣ֮ɾˡ
ɣȻ߻ţԼҲһŮӣܰԼ¹ϣҲû˵ˡ
ܰѻֺԺأ
ڻλϣЩǣȻźЦ⣬ȴżֵĺ⣬ƱǶĴ󹦳˴ԶҲˣǸרĽӷ磬ؾнֻܿʹ飡
ڹ壬վߺл¡
ճִ̾ƣԴǶ̵ĳ羴úõıһġ
滹Ǽ٣ϵЦ˼֣ЦȻĶûʲô֮֡
ճ£еư˼֡
̵Ļǰ񾭶⣬Ҳ
һԽӵǢ춼ǣҲ˫Ҳʼ̸
ƻҲһ˵˵ЦЦǱ߱˲סˣҲûһֱƻ
ãƻ͸ܵһֱԼѭĿ⿴ȥ㿴һ
۾΢΢һУֱתĿ⣬˺ûģ浱жɣ
е˳̺ЩƣҲЩ˷ͻȻٱվ
ˣȻҲվ߾ԼľƱ
޽ĸˣôٴͳһˣ䣬ҲҪһ˵꣬ͷѾƺˡ
̸ߺʥꡣ
̸Ǹˣͷһ裬дЦ⣬ģ޵ƣҲҪһ
һٶò˶ɫǾ׵̫ӣɫ˲
һߵϵİǰӹľƺϾƣָƣ˱һ£Ⱦ˱еľơ
̿裬д˼ֽģûп㣬ȻǸõģЩҲˡ
ж¶˼־죬ƻЩ⣬ҲͰˣǴȰԺӣôġ
ܲ񶼵ı֣ûϹĿ࿴ˣ
ȷʵƻϵȻô򵥡
ԭ񶼻֮Ȼһһ̬ȣǰúðȻҲЩȥûʵԵĶ
ǰͣڹ踮Ҳ÷ˣȴٳٶûжβĻһľò˶Щȥˡ
Щ˵˵̲޶ԶЩ΢ա
ȴʮֵĵȻڳ˵Щ߹ûдʲôʤ̣һҲȶ񶼵Σ㲻ʲôͣҲǽˣȻҪʲôʹ͡
⻰˵ʮֵϣһ˿һǿ
̾ƫۣǿңҲЩⲻȥˣǿ˿̫ӣǺ˺ģûиʲôû
糯̸֮һ̸û˿ԥĴӦˡ
̸ЩȻ˵壬շռҵ顣ȥ񶼣Ǳߵߵ顣
 

 ̹

ЩȻǰ٣ΪӮ̵ΰˡ
Щ鶼ţûоʵͬ⣬ʵġ˵ţһҾ˵ʵڲռİڽɽ˽Ϊ͸ǶĪ裬ȥ֮ǰбѾ˴㣬һҪȻվ޴󣬵ܹ鲻ʹ
Ѿһ𾪵˵Ҳ·ǵһʶһ㡣ȻŭǸǾ͵ʶ
迴˵˵Ƕǰ̽Ϣ񶼵ţ߶񶼵ķٰˣŸҡ
Щң֧֮ҲΪЩƵƵʩѹҲҪѳ͢ǻݻˡǶ㿪ʼ˵ЩңռճԭͶ಻̾ʹӦŶ˵壬Ǳ㷢˱䡣
ԷӦûγɱˣûɣ㵱Σ
¶һĨȻǴ²ɣҲҪͬھң
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ŭһɺԣ̫ôأ
ȻҲòӦãֻЩ˶̫թˡֵͷ˵ʵǻϲţ̫ߵʱ֪Щνթƭ̫ӵġ
Ҳû˵̫ӵĲǣֻ˵Щ˽թѾ˴룬뵽εȷʵ뿪˴󹦣ο֮ǰ˵ҪͬھĻ
ΪΪ˵жǼٵģʵû뵽ôԼȻڱĬĬô飬˴󹦡
̫ӱϾ谮ôַ꣬ôѪϣΪĵλûɿڣѵһ뿪ˡ
Ѿȥһ࣬Ѿʱ񶼵Ϊ񶼸ֺãƭҲˣ˶ٺôжӶһֻ۱һֻۡ
ǰ̣ǰԱȣʵЩ̡̲ס룬ΪķŹЩ壬ļƻʧܣЩȨ죬ʥּܰЩ˽е춼
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ʧ̲֮סĹע裬¹˼ݣѵǺҲȻĳɫȻԶĻӣҲûܼ
ЩͬʱҲʮֵľᣬЩƣҲЩѹƲס룬ֱӰеߡ
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ӵ⣬ȻˣҲ˰ԼŲĲ͸ҲǺܴĶˡ
һĶܵγˮžƱǺ⡣
Ѿʱ̶Ĺעû뵽̾Ȼô˵Ҫ֪ǰͲֵ飡Ȼ񶼵飬̶Ŀ࿴ˣ
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ǲҲиоĻҪˡ
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ƻԱ߿ȥС˭
վñȽϿƻİֿſȹڻһĻ˲ࡣ
 

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ҪǱ˿˶ߣǵɾҪˣԼ˷˿ԲںܲɣܹΪ˸Լǣġ
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һʮ ÿ

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ЦһΪȵλѾεĸĸ¶ˣֻǱҵס˶ѡ˵ôôǱأοʱλȹ̣ôҲȥ
㼸ĵסǻỳ㣿ƻ΢üͷЩǵ˵㣬¸Ϊ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷЩ궼ڱ߹أûлңֻΪԼڰбĸףֻһ˼ĴѹԼҰˡ
ƻ˵ͷֿ˿ɫס֣ʵ㻹𣿡
һãֻЩ졣跴סƻ֡
ҪοԼƻ΢ۣͻȻãһлֻһ˿ܣαҲǰļأ
ôʵ
΢΢ҡͷԼʵҲĿǰΪ̫ӣȻ֣ȰѸ嶼ѹȥ˵ɡ
㡭ƻû뵽ȻôÿЩ죬ҲЩֹ
ȴ³Ҫ˵ʲô΢΢һЦ˵ȷʵҲóɱҵ˫ۣ֪ʲôҪġ
⻰ƻҲ̲סһЦеĻҪǿ
ʲôĵôģܿЦ߽֮ͤС
ƻ轻յ̷ֿ֣ЩҵĲصʯ¡
ôˣƻʵ
Щ㣬ùǳһ
ע⵽Ľ廹ż̸㣬ÿһֶɫζȫʮֿɿڡ
ϣƻһ飬
ܿһ֣ûֿҲһã֪Լԣ
ƻʹ˴ֱҪԾԼãôɡ
ƻ˵ûҳԾԼãĸôҲϽ˵
ܿôάƻҲЩˣȴû¶˵ǿҲ̫ˡ˵ţһҪøƻ
ƻһίתͷ˵ĵ£㳢
ЩЦ˳ָһһڣˬڣ壬ܺóԡ
ˣܳ˰ɡƻŰܿ
ܿЩɸ֣⺢ӣ
Ͻ˵ĸû£Ծ԰ɡ
ܿƻһۣҲû˵ˣЦеĿʵɺð
ĸܺãлĸҲЩ׼ôͻȻЦŻش
ܿЦЦʵĻҲСˣҲ˰ɣ֪ûиɫļС㰡
ƻĽһ֪˼˵ֻ̼
ܿһۣȴһЦеӡ
ҲȷʵЩΣЦ˵Ѿ߹ĸˣҲûٴˡ
ﻹĻӡܿһƻ˵ǼƻҲ֪ƽʱֵģҲûʲôҲûкúùܽ
ǲ˼ˣ˳Ļ˵ƻܺãĸ̵Ҳá
Ļˡܿ˵ǹ֮ǰӦøɫѡɣ֪ļҵС㣿
ô⣬ҲЩмܲסˣֱ̯ʵĸлֱ˵ɣһ֪޲ԡ
ô˵ܿЦݲ˼֣ҲͲҴˡҲЩʱˣһֱҲûмǲ֪ϲáҪҸʲôĻ͸ö֪ˡⲻʣ۹⡣
һ⻰ƻžһס˶ͷյ㶼ڲЩʲô
ȴЦˣĸģĸһϲƻģϾƻô㡣
⻰ҲðܿģʵҲˣûŮҲġ
 

ٶʮ һ

ոĻ԰ϣĻм䣬ӲݺвֵҰ
Ϊˣ԰˵Ļ㡣
ڵͤһƬŽ֮УԱ߸ߴȥ⣬ͤĽﻹ裬ʹⶾͤȴֻϰϰ
ƻֻȥ㣬ȴܿץס֣ٳԵ㣬ĻӶûأĶˡ
˵꣬ѵӶǰƣЦĻӿһЩ
ƻһŵĿܿ⻹磬û˵һֵɣǲ˰°ߣһٵġ
迴𾪵ӣкЦѸǰƣҲģƻԾͶЩԡ
Ѿ˲ˡܿϽ˵֮Ҫ̫ƻ
ƻһƹĵģ̺һͷŤһ߿Ҳˡ
ֻÿɰȴðܿЩգ⺢ӣ
ʳ֮ʳƻͷһʮֵй
̿ĹЩ̫Īˡ
ʲôʳ֮ʳҿƤˣܿ˸ָͷ˴Ķͷ
ƻŶͷһֺҫҫˣ
ٺܿŭֵе㷳ꡣ
ƻˣһѱסĸ첲һֺãҸ㿪Цأ֪ҵģ
ܿǺЦǰҲĽѵƻִֻ˴Ķͷ
ĸŮЦ֣ϵЦҲһһʱֻ¾ãҲᡣ
ճʱ򣬿ľǰһܰĳ
ͣסĽŲЦֵˣһ衣
˵ƻһֱһ̣ʱʱľͻһ¡ƻ˼õ̫ѡƻļ޸ǾӦϺԤԵǰ䣬ⱲӶҪ󸻴ˡ
Ǻأճͺ޵ǾԲƻΣռң
û춼վȽŸûʵȨ˵Ҳ̵Ƥӵ̫ſȻִܶƻƻϾŮֻҪͬ⣬һ˼Ҳͬµģ
ȻѾ˶Բߣǿ˺ͺֵӣŭѵֱӻ뿪ˡ
ճΪû˷Ĺô˳ȴûзأ
ճ뿪˫Ҳ΢΢һУճƻ̬⣬ƻʱβסɱ⡣
ĻҶ֣һĺѿţѾˣҪôѹճͲɧƻ
ƻĲеΣգЩ˳ʵֿȥÿճʧתǵһĨ½ǡ
ƻ΢΢üճЩ⣬ΪЩĹ
⴦ڻ԰ƫƧһǣճʧĵطһƬһƬ֡ĿܿͲܲϢ
ҲߵäΪ⣬Ͳ򿴡ôһо书ԲǾһ㡣
ıҲֻһ˲ָЦݣҲûôֻЦźͰܿ˵
뿪֮ƻҲûֱӻ᷿䣬ȥϷˣתȥոƫƧĽ䣬˳
ѵ𣿡ƻʵ
һ߸վ˵Ļʱ򣬶һλ¹
ƻЦЦԹˡ
оôʵ
ĸһۣһ䣬
ƻüʲô˼
ʹǶ֣ƻǴ¶üۼ俴ʹ࣬м޿
ƻüëĸˣʮĹôֵЩ޿ˡ
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߸ӳһ²˵ĻӶǺֻܾЩ̫ϸˣ⼸պ»صǰѵʱǰҪࡣ
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ûԥȻ̾͵ġ
ƻͷ˵ô˵Ҳǲ֮ĲˡҲôһֵ̳ģҲƹŰǵһģǾһѵõĻᣬϣǲҪˡ
 

ٶʮ 񵽱

ƻԼ̫Ӣˣûֶͷ裬ѵЩֱǼһ
Щ϶Ϸ˵ˣѡλǺѵûвЩҵȽ⣬ˣҲûѵ¡
Ҳĸеľ˲䱻ŵﲻƽ⣬ȴû뵽ˡ
书ָָЩˣ͹õˡ
ƻĻİҲɵõ˵ͷĻид
Ҳܵģʾĸ˶ץסλᣬúõǸһҿǵĽ
ôһᣬƻŵ㣬Ǻúоڱ
ĸȻҲʶƻ棬֣صĵ˵ͷ
ʶҪԣƻҲΪĵ˵ͷ뿪֮
ߵĽ˵С㣬ū澽üܸһȥ𣿡
ƻһ۽ôϽ
ⲻūӦ𡣡ѵ¶˼ĵı顣
ƻЦҲȥĻĽǣ̵˵ͷû⣬Ͻ
ҲˣĵͷСİɡ
ƻ̲סЦЦȥϷԺС
ϷȻһסԺȴĸŮĴܶ࣬ƻѾߴõʮ־µͥԺã߹ĻȣڵϷ˵ķ䡣
ЩӣϷ˵ĲҲֻ࣬ǲɽȴҲôָܻġ
ƻʱϷ˸ո˯һţϺˮ
߽Ϸ̴˴ȰЦ⣬ıӵݸ֣֣ƻԼߡ
ôȣôܡϷù־˲ǵϸ
ƻЦĸʲôϵ
Ϸһ⻰ȻʮָˣЦԽԽ˵ˡ
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ϷһȻǹЦ
֣ҲһԴȤСԺϷˣҪȵ۲źãϷ˺ˡ
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ƻϵıȴĺܣҹҪЩܺĸˣ˲ֱӺȵۡҲʡңΪ̫㣬˸ӡ
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ϷȴЦϣƻ֣ƤϷŪ֣֡
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֡ƻƤһάЦ˵ĻЩ顣иϽһ䣬ĸҲȥһᡣ
Ϸ˺ЦһҲʣôʲô
ûУˡƻ·Ź
ϷЩֱһ£Ҫǲǣ浱ۻ軨ʲôˣ
ƻ̧ͷʵĸʲôˣ
һ٣Ϸ˺һǰҸŪȥˣôʱ俴ĻӶɲһڡ񶼵ʱҪһΣ춼֮ô飿
ƻҲЩ飬Цȷʵе࣡
ƭңϷֱһ£˵ɣ˾ôһ£
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Ϸ˾ˣһĴ𰸣ûļƣƻʵЩΡ
û˵СѾ߶Ź߸߽˵ĳĬ
ƻҲϽӹ˵ĸĹ߸ˣСģǲĸĺóԡ
˵žһ׷Žһʮܵģ
ˣϷ̲סһɻȥҵĶ˵ʵ
ƻһ߸࣬һ治֪ǸȥǸ³ˡ
Ϸģƻ֪ܲˣ˹߸࣬˵ĸ֪Щʲô
ɿˣϷ˵żˣܲˣȳ԰ɣ˵
 

ٶʮ 

ƻϷ˵ע£ٶȳŹ߸࣬ɹ߸ֻһ룬ٶҲˡ
Ϸ˵Ҳĥˣ˵˰ɡ
ƻǰһݣһһ룡
ҿǵôߣϷ˶ݸѾߣ˵˵ûóԣ
ƻͷĸ㵽֪ʲô
⻰㶼˵ˣôҵʵ̫֪࣬Ӻ˵ǲǣϷ΢ա
ƻεͷҴͷĸ˵вУ
ϷΪѵĵ˵ͷһƻ˵ͲץһѹӶˡ
ƻΣֻðЩı飬һЩҪ˵ˡ
Ϸ˵ɫԽԽƻòͣ˵ĸҲ͹ˣĲġ˵˵⻹ҪϸģⲻǹԼ𡣡
ϷֱһĶͷҸͲ˵ЩҾ֪赽ô£װɵ㶣˵˰ϻ⵹ǹֵҵͷˡ
ƻԼֶѵĶͷһôһˣĸǲǸϢˡ
ɴ㳤˵ϢҲ٣Ϸۿò
һƻҲ׷ˣ˵á
ô˵ɴ࣬˵˰ɡƻָ߸̡
Ϸ⻰ȻĬˣֻƻԤĿȴûֵֻһ䣬ˣ
񶼰ݷ֮ˡƻҲڰʾϷˣ˵ûйϵĻƭ
Ϸ˹˹춼˰ɡֲõʱôĵĶ˵һռ춼վȽţԭѾ·ǲǡ
ĸͱˡƻЦĸҲ֪û裬˵ĻҲһ
ϷһҲûжʵĸҲ֪ˣ
ǡƻͷиϽ˵˵ĸܹɣڶˣҶоˣ
ϷƳһۣ˵ôʡĵģҪңҲˣ
ĸƻϽֻ˻ΣҪƻͲˣ
Ϸ̲סһĶͷ˵ʲôأǰûˣ㲻˵˻ףǲҪ̫Ÿİ
ƻߵЦͣȴһίĸ˵Ҫ˸Ȣ𣿿ǻӣô׸ǻϲռҲŹأ
㵹Ҳ֪ΪʲôƫƫһӣϷҲ
㿴ĸҲô˵ǸɴһǲҪ׺ˣƻίһ˫һҲʼ
ϷЦ˵Ǹʡĵģ㻹Ը⡣ҿֹȶλҲȷʵڣҪһǲС㸨ռѾܲɷˣһĳɹˣ㻹ҪȢ˲ɣ
룬ƻҪǸͷһ
ģϷЩЦ˵ףˣ
ƻɫһ£ЦϷˣĸ˵ô࣬˼ͬǵĻˣԲԣ
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ⷬ˵ƻжϷ߲˲䣬ļϣĸĿģƻ֪ʵЩǶѾˡ˵һ䲻ĻЩܳΪ֮谭ҲôˣǰףȴϳҲûҶˡ
ϷЩˣƻȷʵǼˣ˵ֻԼĻ£ԼҲ˵ˣǴҰĺܣ
ĸ˵ʵģƻίĹһ䡣
ϷýĻʵʲô
ƻβ˵֮ȻҪ̫ӵλÿճ
϶̫ӵĳ֪ģҪ̫ûôװɣϷ΢ü˵
ƻЦŵͷȷʵףϾΪ̫λϴ̫ˣҲ̫ˣЩ¸ɵǻڳݳҲܱĥġ
ǿȷʵмƻˡϷЦ
ƻصЦЦѾʼˣĸ͵ſɣܲסһ㣡
 

ٶʮ 

ȷʵƻ˵Ѿˣֻȴôıס
Ϊ̫ô꣬Ҳ˲Ҳмıʿ
һ¶ͳ׻ˣЩ˶еԼķ
Щ˶Ҳб£׷ȰҪȿǱܲ鵽ʲô
ʮ־ţô˵ŭ飬һ鲻ͶˣõʲôȵʰѵңҴ̫λ𣿡
ıʿϽ˵Ȼ˼˼ǵҪľԲӦ䣬ڻ϶ûпʼ飬¾ţʱͶ𣿡
⻰еüͷ˵
ıʿ˵˵СС˵Ҳ󡣱ϾҲûֳʲô϶ԵһֱҲʮֵ۰֪ģҲȰѹ
ģȴЩȷѾо̬Ⱥ䵭һЩȻǰһ£Ǹоһˡ
ıʿȴ˵ķǳƶһֱŵ´ѹӣڳй˵µĵλԼû϶ԵµĳţһƷġ
Щ̵ŬҲ󶨣ϵıҲһЩʵ֮
ıʿ룬˵֮¾ŻǱߵĶǻĲˣ²ȥǰϸϾҲضˡ
ϴǲͶüͷ
ıʿ˵ǲ㣬ȻʮֵȥϴûûвóȻȥϴϵŭͲôˡ
ô˵ҲЩһЩȻȻıʿʵҲôģ
Ҳ˵ͷ˸񲹳һơ
ǣڴѾ̰īõûȥ糯Լ죬˼·ȥ̡
ۣ˵ˣɫ̳һ£ǻ˰˽
һƼݣݿ£·Щģüͷ㲡ˣ
һģû˵ۿˣۿһԵɫ
ʣǶĴ˵꣬һαʵʵĹ˵ϡ
һ仰֪ΪʲôˣҲûֻˣ
̿ûԼһЩ⣬ǱȻģ˵㲻òˣǶǶ̰Щԭø±߽ʿá
㣿д⣬ϸûı顣
ͷһ᲻ģǶ˸ʵô±ߵ˹ƻ˵ǲӦøЩãŸʰЩȫˡ
ôһ£̵Ƕ˵һ⡣
ڵϰ˰ݣҶԸ˵ѣȷʵġҲݺݵĴֵµˣֻʵǹⲻȥԸʣ԰գ⼸ղ費˼룬ղڹϴ
˵Щʣиᡣ
̿ģȻգܹǵһЩͺһ޿ʲôӣϽվ
ʵѵʵǲվšַڵϣģֱʹݡ
̶ʮֵĲͣŭȴЩԵһۣ̫ӷ
ŸϽȥ֣Ҫ
ȴԸɷڵϴԼ̬
̿ģûõûĨųܵӣҪȥǲǣ
һȣҲһ£ƺˣҲͲٽ飬̵ĸ첲վ
ɾվҲһҡҡ׹ģ̿úķֱ˸˸ӡ
ϣȻһʹģȴѾʮֵĵ⣬Ȼıʿ˵ûд̸Ͳ̫ΪҲһ泩
̵һۣЩɸ֣ǿôԸߵ۰ȴֶһЩ룬ԸͣûúÿţñӸ̻ˡ
ȻģǿģҲԷĹΪֵЩ˸⣬ûǨŭ
̾һİټ֮ǰһԸ񵥴Ľͣߵŭȥ˴롣
Ȼϴִôֲ㷸µĴأʵ
 

ٶʮ 

΢΢ü֮ǰû飬ͷһת˵һȫ룬ԸǮã׳ľӣ
㵹ǹԾʹôˣʵ
⻰һüͷȥҲ֪ôشֻỵ̈Ǹʵ˼ǣ
ģţ̸ģ˵ЩǮмε鲻ܾôˣʹʮúüţЩҪҪ
һʮֵĲҲ̫أͷӦˡ
Ҳڳǰ˵ʲôǸӣһΣ޾Բ㣡ֺ˵
̵ͷǣԲеڶΣ
յϢ˵ȥ˻ϵ鷿֮Ǳ̧ȥģ֪߱Ǵԭˡ
Ҳûж⣬˸ߣְ˽
Լжˡ
һ⻰ˣЦһͷӦǣ˵첽ȥ
Ҳ¶˼аһҪ̻ܲһĻ񣬲λ뻤ǿҲӦ
Ϸ̹֮ƻֱһɣֻصǰ⡣
ȷʵ⣬񶼣Ӧý۩ǣǱѾãҲˣֻҪÿݻϢɡ
춼ߵ飬ҲѾã迴ţһ¾ͱһɢԱ
ÿ첻ϷԻȣڰܿƴڻ
ܿʵڿۣӸһδ깤Ʒ塣
㲻˵ҪѧŮ𣿡һԸ⣬ܿʵ
ƻǰܣȷʵ˵ȫǱܿĵۣҪҪԼ֣þûȥʱĽ
Ҳ˼ˣôҰšܿ˵ԼļҲԼģҲԼ壡
ƻһߵģ˵ʲôأʲô°
ѾùܶˣܿϵֱһѾסĶ䣬װٸװҲȥҺúѧ壡
ƻŶۣڰܿҲû̫ΪûñſĶ䡣
ƻŶ䣬Űܿһ⸱Ʒ˰
ܿ˿Լһεǵ˵ͷ˵Ĳַǻһˡ˵߿˸֮ǰӣְɡ
ƻѾҲͲˣźã㿪ʼ塣
ܿһʼһ߿ָûñľģֱӶһԵĽ˵С㣡
̣ƻ¿˽һۣһҰأôܻŮ죡
ܿŽ񣬡Լ
Щ˼ͳԼƻ
ƻһҲЩȣҶ֪㻹廨أ
ֻǴǳĻһЩˣ˱ū㲻ʲôˡ˵Լ
ܿһ˵ˣһģôŮء
ˡ¶ɬ˵ʵؽĵŮõģūʵò֡
ƻһۣˣﶼô㻹˵ò֣ҵʲô
ܿͽЩ̿Ա߿ֵĽҲ̲סЦ
ƻҲûʲô취ֻǵЦ
ֻûжã˱˵ԼҵĶСˡ
ƻֱ˷ˣ̰£ȥˣԺ壡
ܿΣҲܲȥֻˡ
ƻ̴ŽԺеĴãûöã˱߽ˡ
һɫȹͷϲżֻ򵥵䣬ˬ˿ź
ƻվӭˣҶüˡ
Ҳ֪ƻÿһμǻᱻ޵ôĿţüûһ޵ġ
Ҳ˵ĺôȥԸأɺһ˵
ƻЦհﻹкö鴦
ʵΪռڵĴʵЩΣֱ̼ɵȥԸаͽ£˼ǣԭͱܲɵԼҡ
Ͳͬˣٻ˵֮Ľ꣬ȻȥԸҲô˵ԿŶȸһ㡣
֪æⲻԼˡɲ΢΢ʣģֿɰ
 

ٶʮ ݷ

ɣƻк£˵ҲΪôȵ컹ҡ
ɲһ¶ͷĺȷʵȡ
˸пһƻ˵ǻȥ԰Űɣһͤ£ˡ
ѽ뿴ոжء̵ͷ
ƻԸ׼һЩϹͱ裬ȻЯűͤС
˲٣ɻȣ⻹Ǹõط
ԶһЩһ·߹ֳ˲ٺƻЩקקϵ·
´һۣЩΪп˵ǸСѾͷھȻһĴСˣŪ˰
ģƻЩЦȴǲ˵ģС㵹ûб䣬ôˣ裡
ǰɻЩ⣬䣬˵˭أ
ƻϽס죬㿴ң˵˵ôǷأǵԣ
ϷŪңɸֱҪثĶӡ
ƻŤŤȥĶţǻǱóѣЦﶼỨˣˣҴˣ
ϴˣɲջԼ֣ƻԼ۸ģ߻Щ⡣
ƻӰ˰۽ǵᣬЦʵôпչ
ɶгСϱ߻һǩЩ棬һŽ˵ĺܷţҲŻȥҲҪŪԡ
ôʣɱ߽ϱ˵ǺȴκӦܵˡ
ҿҪܳˡƻЦЦ
Ƴһۣҷ˵ǿڲģһӻˮ˶˵ϣҿ˶ЩȻϷˣ㣬Ҳǹֿġ
ôϷأƻһ¼磬ڿ˵Ұ㰡˵Щûд
˵⻰Ҳһʱ벻ʲôĻֻĿǲǻлûаոƳȥ
⵹ǲãһ㵱໤֮ɡƺЦЦ˵
ɿһۣһϳˣʵ꣬ҲǿߣûжøС˵΢΢ĿƻķӦ
ܵǳʲôĿģǺô˵ġƻһЦ
ϣֻ˳ˣȷʵһֵýύˣְתҲҰͷѵǸˡ
Ȼʲôƻʵ㲻Ǹ߻ھɱǰ˲֪һǰ㣬֪˵ûУ
һᵽǼѹƣƻҲмʲôЩȥˡ
ǰƴ˵ģڿ䵭ӣ߻ӸͲԸɣڶƻҲ䵭ĺܣȻһģ
֪ȤûʣȻԺľɫ˻⡣
ƻһˣɻЩ࣬˼άԾķǳ죬һȥ
˵񶼵Ȥ£ֿƻ㱻˻İ
ƻ̹ȻĵͷϾвʲôˡ
ûٸһ𣿡ʵ
ƻҡҡͷŸհ˼㣬Ǳҳ꣬ôû˵лԼˣ˵ˣŸ˵£
ʹӴֵģҲЩȻҲСȣҵ˵ҪҸõġ
ϣ㵹Դ˵ˡƻЦЦʵĲΪˣ
ᣬɵɫӵĺˣͷԸ
ƻӣζ˵֪֪ļҵĴӣȻСҲǣҶǵģ
ǸֱӣҰҺޣϲһҲʲô飬˵ҵĸõġ˼˵裬˵Щʱ춼ˣֺæµҵ˵ʱϻָǡ
ǻָ飬һصͲˣƻһһӵܣѹû롣
Ǿ仰ɿǱãôܳף
ԸԳҪ޸ϲˡƻЦŴȤ
ҲûжŤˣ˵ҴСϲĸĸ׶Ҳ׽һֱҳˣһ޸ġһۣѵûʲô𣿡
ƻǰӰҲ˼Ц⣬ҵĻҲҪĸϷ˻лϵ˼
ҲǡҲЩżˣɸ׻һֱ˵ż
 

ٶʮ 

˵ЩڻµĻƻͳױɻΪԼˣƻҲ׽˲٣ظ˵Ժ춼
ֺľٶƻȻ˵ͷǵҲûзϡ
ͤУһֱĵ̫б
κӦöؼˣҲȻȥˡ˵
ƻæòһˣ˱㷹߰ɡ
ˡԼеĵĶӣҵóһɡ
ղų˶ϣȷʵ˲١
ֲ³ԵɡƻҪ˵ûԷһ᲻˵ġ
˵ҲԸҪ˷ڻؼң춼ˣôؼңҪˣ
ȷʵЩУƻҲͲˣ֮󣬿Խ˵һ䣬ؼǲᱻˣһȥҪĸ˵ˡ
ЦЦƢôãС˵Եɣ˲ѵġ
ƻһĵ˵Ϊ㻹ûз֣ѾǰǸģˡ
Ȼƻ˵˵֮󣬰ܿЩ΢յĴһ¶ͷ˲˸Ը͸žˣ춼ˣȻ˿Ŷߣô͵𣿣
ƻһίƳһ۽˵ûУ˵ûɣ
ĵ׺Ц±ƻ̵ͷ
ƻֻģҲ΢һ㣬Űܿĸ첲ȥˡ
ֲ֪ù죬Ǳ߻δ·ոһλˣȴҲǿˡ
һĻոĳͣǱ衣
ռȻǵһ壬ָĲճһĵϵ֧඼û䣬Ϸ˻ǺõãһЩعӡ
Ǩ춼Ҳֻһҹˡ
ʵģҲҪֵϵ˶̫үҲƻһˣϷһҷ˼ңճһȻмӣǵҲֻʣһ
ĵǰܿϷ˶Ǹˡ
Ϸˣ˶һЩôϲƻҲԷġ
һ·۳Ͷ٣ҲˣŶˡϷ˿ۡ
ϷҲ׽Ц̫̫úÿôԼࡣ˵ŻһϵϷ˿
Ϸ˱ֱЦҲúúòӣ
Ϸ˵Ĳڸﰲס£Ӳһܿһ˵ֻǶɩȴҪˡ
ֻСãǸͲȥдżΡ
ܿȻҲ֪˶Ů簮̶ȣȻЩţҲ٣ЦŮӣҪЩġ
Цųǣƻɨһ£ɲһ͵ӡ²͸оƻԱǰɢˣܶܵòӸ⻹Լ۩Ǹ˹ƾҪѹե
Ϸ˵Щҳſһһһֱû˵衣
һʼŵʱ˸кһ仰˵
ǵûպ;ȣмУżƻ˵䣬üȥʱ򣬻Եʮֵá
ϷôЩۣǱϾûлԼ˻ԼˣҲûзŮܣųüȥ˵Ļġ
Ļƻ˵ʲôأ˵ôġЩʵ
ȻŲãЦչӻǵһμʹһеĶû˵ġ
ĻҪֻ֪ǣΪֻƻһأϷʵ
貢գΪԼΪϷչӺδˣкܶ໰Ҫ˵Ҳò廰һС㡣
Ҳôһ£Ϸϵȴûл͡
˵ѾռҪӵĶˣϷ˾ЩϲƻߵôڲһɢĻӣֲܻӣһҾʵ嶼Ȳϣݣʲôʸƻ
ٿƻ㣬ô˵ݶǲƥġòƻķϣ׸ҲͰˣƫƫΪǸӣͲ׸
ĻǻʣǱɡϷ˵ϾƻδŮδޣҪܻһЩĺã̫׽˳ȥľͲˡ
⻰˵ϣƤǽһ񣬵ƻļˣЩš
̴˵³çˣ´עһЩӰƻġ
̬Ϸ˵ͦ⣬Ȼסμ䲻¶ƣΪƻԼƴӣҲЩƻˡ
 

ٶʮ ദ

˹ˣϷ˵û¶˿Ц⣬ЩĿ裬˵Ļ˵ЩȷʵЩ󲻾ƻȻ˹飬ȴһ׵ĹļҡƴռҵĸҲ
ȻЩŵӣȥһҲЩ١˵Ϸ۰ƻ㣬ƻռҵϣˣռֻʲôá
軹֪ƻѾϷ̹ˣô˵ֻǾԼһͽӣ˵Ϸ˵˼ҶףСȻ棬Ҳһֱ񷨣Ȼġ
Ϸ˿һ㡣ţһֱƻôãԺǸλãүƻ޸Ҳǲġ
һүռһ۰ڲģǵǸλãȴδܺƻȫˡ
Ļȴƻз˸ۣ˵ֻǲ֪˭ǰ컹ڴͶЦ滢αӣ
⻰Ҳֱ׳˵ǸͲ裬ȣ
˵һỰϷ˵ľЩˣҲǡ
ȻͱһСԺס£ȴָƻĸŮȥǵԺӡ
㻹ʲôƻðܿע⣬ѹʵ
ЦЦҲѹȴ˵ıģô죬ͲȴֵЩ𣿡
ôڸ𣿡ƻһۡ
ͷҪнһɣ
йҹǽƻһϵ飬ƤҲе㷢ȣɴŰܿĸ첲˵ˡ
ɾˣҲûһԼԾɸ
Ȼ˵ϷǰϵģǰܿЩƻһңϾײƹ˵ġ
ǿлҪƻ˵ӣҲ̫ԣȻ˼һΪţȷʵš
תһ룬գǱŶҲ϶ʲôʮִȵĶ˵ĻƻҪɣع˼ңȥɡԸһԵĽ׼ˮ͸㣬ýѸԺСѾߣײ˹ˡ
趼ЩӦΪܿһ䣬øѾ߶ʲôģȻ˰Ѿ߶ɢˡͻȻЩ⣬Ϊʲôƻ˵ܿˣܶԼˡ
鷳ĸˣȷʵƻ˵
ܿЦЦȻ˻֣ȥȥɡƻ䵭ЩĻӻط
ƻȻһЦ̵ֻҪѽ
Ȼ˲Ž˷䣬ŸһϣһѰƻ˻ƻ㡣
ƻԼײϵıӣݺݵĵһۣҾ͸ðжͱĸ׺ĸȥ
ĲӲ磬ʵƻͲǿҺü춼ûˡ
ȻƻѾҲ¶ĹģӴⷽҲȴû˵Ǵû˵ϲ
ֻ˵ԼĻɣƻǲǺܴһǶǰͬ顣
ȻͬҲ飬ĺҪƻ֮ܰĸҵİ顣
ƻɲ֪ЩӣҲӻ磬ֻˣſң
ܲϲӱЩ⣬øˣ㻹ûлشҵأ
ʱգƻҲëǲһҪӱܻ߿ܣͻøǿƣϾˡ
֪Լӱܣ϶ֹĲԼε룬룬Ҳ費˼룬ûҶ𣿡
֪ǷܣȴʮֵĸˣеԵȷʵˣԺ󾭳òã
Ȼֻצƻĥĥǿ˿ڸǵĸˣȴ΢΢Ķһ£ůĺġȻɵĻǼٻȴôģ˼ǸΣһ˿˿ĸˡ
ƻҲͲˣš
ȴҲұ̫ˣƻǰΪ㣬Ҫٱȥָôƻʮֲ˵
ƻʱȴַſˣҪ֪ƻ˿̵˳ӣƵıԼŻ
ƻûжʧ䣬ǾЩʶôһֱԶԶġ
ȴɻԼſˣôоˣ
 

ʮ ο

ƻЩίĽһȻֻ˼죬ʵڲԸԼôԶúõĿ
ƻƳһۡܲеճô£
˵ҲǸˣճ𣿡費ԿΪ㣬ڲٻǸġ
ƻԼĶͷܾһҪճԼΪѾӦ޸ˣʲôġ
ԼҲûд飬Ҳ֪¸ô룬ߣֻЩ䵭ʲô飿
迴ѾˣЦĶܼˮ飬һϢһϢҪĸ
ƻ˵µʱӣǻѹеĲͣϵ˵Ϣɡ
׼Ķ׼ˣ糯ͻ˰ЩõȫǳٿһΪò㣬սܵñӣ̸ͲҲԲܷˣ˵ţ¶ɭ
ƻһʱʧһһɫˣȻѾˡȴַоǰ¼š
ס֣׾ٵðֶȴֻ߬ýָ񿪿Ȱȴֲ֪˵ʲôֻʵ㻹𣿡
еĵʮãֶֽָָָĹؽڣû£һûиֻĴ磬һ޲Ūҵĸףܲôؼʱġ
ƻĵĲֻǿȴʲĲֻһ˵Ǹ³飬Ҳһġ
ô֪ڱİοԼи̲סַŵָ⣬Ҷףûġ
ˡƻָᰴסüģԼûвüͷһֱŵģ˵ϺϢ𣿡
׽סֻ֣һţҲЩȻˡﱸô꣬¾ǰȴûжˡ
ΪǱϾĸףĸ硣ƻ˵
ȴЦЦŻķƻ㻹ǰ̫ˣǲǵ޺ĹϵֻλõʲôѹġûöΪıһʵ֣Щˡ
˵ְƻףЦһΪƻϣӵġΪһֱϲԼѶϣǰҲ˵ԼǷɱԼ
ƻ΢΢ҡͷϣӲ٣ҲϣһֻºͣȴĮӵˡǻã㻹ҡǡ
迴ɫͻȻĺרעĿģЩԲӲӣֳֻ
ȴץø˶ק˻ҲЩɳƵ˵ƻҵġ
ҡƻĻ˲Ϣߣô˻ȥ
ƽȫͬǿưԵᡣƻһ֣ᱻԵĸо
ƿȴҵĽһְֻĺףҧ촽Щľˡ
ôҲ㣬ǻֻͣȴֽƻͷԼļϣı
ϵȶȣƻĵ׷ţֲʲôµĴŮô֪ڰԼڻˣڱıԵ
ƻɲҲȷʵס˶ĺܣ˵ôǼҵײģʮ˾ҪȢޣȢҲŸСѾͨˡ
ôʱ򣬹Ҳˡʮͷ׳ʱ˵ģôҲû˽Ҳǹÿɮӡ
뵽ҡͷЩʲôԼͬˣ
ƻһԼһ߿һűŵƣʵǻϢأ
Цһǻƻա
ƻ⣬ԭҪתעǲƻա
赽׻Ƿֿ˵ڶ鵹йء
ˣʲô飿ƻʵ
迴ĲͣҲ˵½İȻͽأ˹Ҫһʱܻˣ
˵ϾܳˣôҪһʱ䣡ƻЩյ˵½İȻİҵ˸ҹˣ
ͷΪػˡ
 

ʮһ 

էػˣƻЩӦ͵񶼻ûа죬ǰӵļȲ֪ҲûеֱӾըˡ
Ҫȥҽȣ½İȻ˵ôİײ˾Ȼôˣҷǻ˲ɣƻҪܣƫƫ豧˫ڿкҷȴ֡
ƻŭתͷͰŭͷϣʲô˵֨Ҳ֨һ¶ûа죬Ȼýػˣ𣡽˵ǸѾߣҲҵĸԴöȱЩС㶼ãƽҲ᲻ôģ˸ҹ߲˵ýسֿǱˣûһöҿԺҲǸһģЩ°˼Ĵӣ
ɣҲͰˣôŻǣԼˡ
ԼίΪԼһ䣬ҿɸһҾԲƻίģ
˵ãһ˵ƻһ㻹˼˵Ϊܵίˣ֮Σ㶼ˣҵиˣ
ô˵ͷҲЩζȷʵǷƻģǸҵĴҶԲס㣡³֮һּøʴͻ顣
˭ϡǸˣ˭ϡͻˣƻ޸һҪǿأ
¿ɰŵòᣬһѰƻǣ˵Ҳ½İȻôḡˡ֮ǰȷʵҴˣҲó֮Σʱ;ܻȢģ˶㡭
ˣƻԸЩҸʲô
軹ǱֹóȥǿѾˣϻȥҪأ
ƻҲö˶ţǰˣǱСˣ
ҪŽػģʱٽѵҲ١ҲԵһ
ƻʵҪһֱܻ𣿡
ӦǣϾеŮ˿ɲ۳Ͷ١ƻ˵Ҳǣо͵úúĻгԶŵĵ
̾һҪһˣ
ЩĿһۣҪ˵Ҫȥҽ֮Ļɵð˸סˡ
ƻȴأ˸ⶼһˣҲʱʱ߶һأҪһꡣ
㵹Ѿߡ˵
ƻһۣôˣҲͬʹĽ飬ܲ𣿾Ҳ벻˵ġ
ôڻӣҲû̫õİ취ֻȰҸУŻͱ֮ġ
ƻһʼĺܣҲǣҸʲôáҲ͵Щֻ½İȻҪ䡣
˵˻ỰҲԼʱ̫ˣ˵Ҫ뿪ˡ
ȥĸ˵һƻʵ
ȴҡҡͷ鷳ĸˣ˵һˡ
ҲСƻͷ˸ͳȥˡ
ƻ߽ݵʱ򣬰ܿεûǰ棬ڰǰͷ顣
ܿڶ˱⿴ˣͣĶм࣬飬ôˣ
ƻһĪûг
ûܣݵĶˣһҪ˭̻ܿûסѵˣ˵˵㣬ôϲ㣬ҲǸӣҲùŵ㣬ôأ
ƻֻýػе˵ˣǲ죬֮Ҳƻһﶼŭ½ҽȷʵصˣôأ׶ûأ
˵Ҳ½İȻһᡣҺûгܡҲĸ̫࣬æŽ͵
ܿҲ˿ûܾС͵Ļӵ˵Щ˹˵ĻĻҪǾףҿô죡
ҲǸʶң֪ҵӡƻЦ˵˵
ܿЩΣɶ࣬˵һ仰ʮ仰ˡ
ⲻǻϻ˵ˡƻϽЦֱĸ첲治ɶࡣ
ܿҲûаƿЦǾͲǰɣôʲô˶˵ǽҲһ꣬кˣ񶼶ûгס
ôͻȻ˵ˡƻ̧ͷһۡ
ܿҲǸ°Ļô벻أ
Ļ£ǻ˵ˣԼܾġƻ˵ȥϸͻҲǲܣϾռһǻϵжأҪԼλٸһʱ򣬸˵
 

ʮ 

ܿŰοԼƻǾúܲζ㰡Ҳ̫˵ˡ
ﻹ˵أ̬ǰرأҿ㶼Ҹ޳ȥƻ˵һ
ܿȴ˵ͷ˵ûҾ޳ȥڻϲæģҲǶˣҲҪˮǴߣҪǲץڵʱ򣡡
ƻЦЦҲûаĻϣֻ˵ЩĻ
ڶ죬쳯á
糯ƽʱûʲôҲ챻֮󣬹ǱߵĲ𣬻йԱ滻
˭Ҳûע⵽վĩβһ佫ʮֵĽǺͽţͣĲŶͷϵĺǲһʲôȻĿΧ
ʱҲЩᣬԼüͷ˵𣿡
ʱǸ佫ͻȻ˳ǰһֱߵǰ棬šͨһϣб࣡
˵óͷȻʮֵĽţȴż־
üͷ忴佫ǸƷľӪξ⳯Ӧ͵ƷһγҲȨˣЩвΪ˼˭ˡݣָʹǸʮԴҲ糯ϵӡ
ʣ佫Ѿ˵ʮ̫꣬Ļӵʮǰ߹عΪѺ˹٣ӱʮʯͬУൽ߹غ󣬽һʯ߸ʮʯ衣ڸسʮʯݵ߹أֵ֮ȴֻʮʯսܣʧݽ룬ֲʮʯ֮ȴֻʮ򡣺󣬳̫Ϊ̫̫Ӳڹ֮£λҲ̫ӵĸ档
һʼЩ̫񣬶ĻҲʮֲͣδ֮ǰȴĻˡ
üͷҲԽԽδ˵ȴվ˳ָ𣺡˵
վһ࣬һ˿û˵꣬ѾȲҪˡ
佫Խ侲ҲĺУɲŵ˵ʮټ½ӵĶʮʮһֻһͷģ඼ǲſ෹ǵһ꣬ڶ̫ӻؾʱԹⲻ㣬ݴղΪڣֻݡ߹أҲ඼Ǻһֱؾ
һлһƬҪ֪Щ꣬Ϊ˹ǰݣǼѾʹ˻ӸأʳϣҲûñ߹صĽʿԲ
ԽҲԽľ̵ݹ۵ֵĹؽڶʼףòһԼ֪˵Щʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪쳼Ҫҷ̫ӣ̰īݰʯ佫һ죬߹ؽʿﲻ֮ϣɱ˻ϣɱã
ɫ˲Ұף佫𣺡˭ݱģȻϽתͷ̣ǧҪŴ˵ĻҪݶǧҪϵˣ
ҲڸԼҪ侲ɿѾ䳹ǣûǰƣһ֮ǰ͸ɹ飬ûа취˵
ϣѵûǿʢʿ£Ϊʤȴָ佫˵ͻȻվָ񣬴ȵΪֻΪһ˽ˣðڲˣڲˣǴ
˰ûзӦͻȻ˹ȥһΪҪԼǱܵһվŵ飬Լǰ
佫ȴһתֱֱֱײԵϣ˲Ѫɽ佫˳ӵ˵ϣ
˸һû뵽ȻҪñܣǴ֪Լܻ߳ȥǱ־Եģڸ־Ļ˲òš
ֻһ侲ģɨϵ佫л¶˼Ц⡣
Ѿܹȥ̽̽Ϣϣˡ
̿ŵû˺ˣ֮Ǿ޴ŭԴ˾Ȼٳɱķŭ˵ķŭǶ˵ķŭ
վŭްѴϳȥʬһ٣
ڳһ׷׵ͷ˼֡һŭʬҪˡ
̵Ļںţرյţκ˲ý޲飬ȫ޲װ׵ģҪ࣡
佫ȥ֮󣬳صĵţ㻺ĹˡһŸĲֻ⣬
 

ʮ ̱

һأ졣
ڳ߳ʱ򣬾˼ֻ֮У˭ܿóʣµЩ󳼣ԭȽ֮һ
⼸Ǿһجһ㣬ߵһıߣЩ߸ϵĴҲãĬĬŵСҲãȫûƽյԳ֣һϳȥʱ᲻һѣ˿ӵҲ
˷˴ҲʵеĴ󳼣ֱɽйԱļУѲ飬ֻҪݰйϵĶȫŹ
׵еıǱͻӸѳ˲żȫ̱ڵǹۿеݼ˶°͡
ԭˮݵˣһֱϷѾϣ˲޷죬ȥ飬Ͳ鲻ʲô
˸ӳԾǴ˼ѳĽѳСɽƽʱ͵ԭѾ׬˵͡
ʵģǴ̫ӹѳĶƱȻǱԱĶ࣬Ҳѳ̫ԭ񶼹彻ܵţ˳ԾľѳˣճᣬҪɱż
ΪЩţռҲƵ˷˼⣬ճҲΪ˳Ծ˿ͷ˵һṩݣһ˸ɱ
ճҲһҧҵһֱȻʵ󣬵Դ֮䣬ҲԼˣѹòӱ𴦻ȡݣȻȺġ
Ѿţ̱ڵһ仰˵ȫĻ޴ӷҲʵʵ
ʱҲչֳˣΪͳʮʱ䣬ŵֶΣýһ췭ظȴİװס
飬񶼷ûʲô̫Ǿϴ
ıˣҲ޺ˣ˳Ÿϸ֦ĩڵ£ȫ˳ֻҪǸйصˣȫ֮Ǳصıأҵĳң塣
пڼÿʱɱˣϴѪ˳Ŷͷ̨ϣ񶼵Ľֵ
ޣҰŲ춼˲
̻ǲưոݣ׷鵽˸ʡأְܹСֻҪйأһûзŹ
춼𶯵У޲ţȴûиԻ˵ֹͣЩ
ҲһֱԹۣһֱ״̬ܴлöٺôǰٺøУͷβûв롣
Ҫ̣д󳼣Լȫ£ûйϵһܺߡ
Ǹλõʱ˭ҲڸЩûдʤ̵۵㣬ʧˡֹҪվȨߵ㣬վڵµƸߵ㣬˳
ο̵ϴʵԼˣȻҪɱЩˣֺαֹأ
ǣµѪȷ磬ϴڽˣһ֮һֱڱŭеҲײˡ
һøףԭֲ㣬û˰ţܶฮö̱״̬
ԭͿֻŵİգӿֻţڳȥҪ⡣
ʱҲͱƵ̨ǰ˭Ƶģû⡣˰Ͳиʰ̯ӣеԹˡ
ʣϵһ̴ǰȥһ
̼ѵ۾һڴǰ裬Ϊ񳹵׵ʧʱ̫µĴҲеĵǣӵĺôͻȻһǿҵΣץ֣Ȼ
Ͼ˼Լݣܷʹޣֻѹֵţеᣬǲͣ¹
޵Ĵ޵Ĵ޶Բ㣡
䵭ȴżֻңϽӸᣬ߲˵ǧô˵̫飬븸ʸûйϵƭ˸ʣǧҪϡ
һᣬ̵Ҳƽˣȴһֱ֣ʵʲô
ߵ˵ˣһֵ̿˵ʻ˯ʱ򣬶δ󸸻ʵͬ⣬øùְߵˣݹܸõóֹͣ˵žҪ¹
סһοôܶԡеľǹԱĵȣѸȱְλϡ
̵ͷȻʵʿ³̣
£뽻ƽĿ
ô۵׵ӣЦȴǾ̰˵򲻿ɣ֪ϵ飬ôܽ뼸λϳ븸ɡ
 

ʮ 

̲û˵һ˫ǵֻ迴һᣬ˵Ǻã˽нɡ
˿⣬Ҳûرı飬ֻ̰ԭڵŵĴ󳼸˽
춼ҳһ࣬ЩֻܵߣȵˣһĶ
ûã˽ϳسҲ̵ĸ
Ѿڴͷ
ˣҲܼǰ񣬻˵㼱еʵϣȥõΣ
ѽ߶Ѿˣϸ⡣
üͷҪ˵ȴͻȻ
ϽһԵˮιˣָı˳һ߶Դ˵λ˲ҪżʽΪ⽣飬ȸ˵ǡ
󳼿裬һⶼżӣǰҲû˵ʲô
̿Щ˵̬ȣٿ貢δ⣬˵ϰΪģüͷĸˡ
һʾ費ظˣſɬʲô뷨
˵ΪӦȰ䲼̫ӵʥּ¶֪̫µĴڽ̫Ӽ䵳нɻǮľ֮ڣ˰յĶڳ͢ķڽְ룬ָõ
ȻֻѾõ˵ǣҲûʲô
̵ͷʥּãȻ޹ĿŸְǿѡˣ
ͳһۣݵ̵С
̽۱㿴רĺô˳һɨ㿴óЩ˶Ǿϸѡġ
˵ΣЩɱдʮҸ˶Уκ˲
̿ã۾ɬŵݸ裬ʵģ㿴ʲô֮
һµҲʮ𾪣ò衣
ע⵽ʱ򣬱Ȼ֣λƵ͵ûʲôλĻӣҪֹҪֱһδѡ
ʻλɣʵڲϤе񣬾ǿҲʲôȻˡȻܳԾǻǰ˰֣һ֪֮ӡ
⻰Ҳ˵ͷȷʵйϾûвеѡιԱ齻ȷʵЩס
ȴ⣬ֻӵݵǰɣϤ飬ûҲһͽˡ
ǻ࿴һۣӶԷж˲ͬĻǴѡ֮һƽϢûָƽ̸ҲͰˡǶʱǧٿףԱѡθҪʵڲʱ
ϣ˼飬ʵڲܾѡЩԱϽ˵
Ҳ˵ʣ˵Ķԣ¹ش󣬶ʤΣ븸˼
ᣬûоЩ顣̿˵ȻԳϤмλ󳼸źܿϤҺ⣬ֻǹڹְ飬ҪǶ³̳ʱҹĿǡ
ϡ黹Ҫ˵ʲôȴ̵Ĵˡ
ȻٲУϬ˵ˣֻúõϢѵһ𣿡
Ȳң̵ͷ
˵ȻѾˣǰһְλȷʵϤǸʲôģֻҪһԺúøѵ᲻Ϥ𣿺οΪԳеβϤû˽ĵİЩ˰ŵʵλȥ
黹Ҫ˵ʲôȴԱߵĴһѣ˶󣺡˵ûдȻᾡĵµģ
ĵͷôˣȥһּлҪ˵˵ֻе̹Ů
ʣǾòףʵڡ
ִ̻ĻģҪԷƱ֪һ֮񶼣ȶڵľ棬˵һвŸɵˡ
裬а˵ģ֪ôίˣҲˡǸϹۣɱΣŴ㡣ɺ𣿡
мҡͷҲʮֵļûйֹʣȻĶӣҲڸʣ죬ǶӦõģܸöʲôҲܸδ
⻰Ҳܸж֣֪߬Ǻõġ񣬳𶯣Ҳ㣬ֻˣ㲻øʧǲǣ
еϣȻڣջ޷ܾĵ˵ͷʵ
 

ʮ ˽

죬̵ıʥּЩУϳ̫ӣڻС
һ䲼˼渳˰۵ߣ·һʿ㹻Ǯǻؼֵء
⼸ʥּһ£ģҲ䡣
ֻǹԱû£һЩطԱΪʧȥܿأܶط˷˵Ⱶ
ֹԱѡֵ֮ıǣطԱ
ÿȱְϼټǾټԱУ쿴Ҽ¼ѡԱȻ֮ͬ󣬱ֱΡ
ҲһЩȽСĹְʡĻҪѡԱΣȻ޲һȫϡǹְҲִСûʵȨҪЩ˵ĲŸɣǲʺЩλãһ󹤳̣һܽġ
ʹæýŲմأ軹ǳʱƻ
Ǻæôпչƻһˮ
۾裬ոǰӲġ
ЦЦΪæöûʱ㣬ź㡣
ƻ۵׵ɫѵûЦʵ鲻˳ɡ
£ҲЩ϶˵ǸңǴңҪԼļ壬һıȡʹƾϵŰֲ½ҡ
˽ģοᣬ±Ҳӡ˵һֻܴѡǲǣƻʵ
ɫ䣬һôԼˣǾҹƻҪλϣȫԼˣ
㲻𣿡ƻЦŷʡ
迴һۣϺȥ˴룬ٲΪôԡ
ƻһۣʵûҵˣ
ȻУֻǱϾʲôЩ϶ôҰǰҪλϡ˵
ƻüͷҲһ£ٱͻȥ˲С
ģһޣҪģôҵĶ֣蹴Ц
ƻҪǿӣ̾ԻҲȥ
ЦһΪ룬ֻûбҸĶˡ
һҲͣ뿪ˡ
ƻſڣŤŤԼĲӣҲˡǰźЩˣҲʱġңҪƽòУһСְλԺĿռҲᴴġ
ֻ黹ҪճոڳصһҲҪһ֣֪ˣҲܾ
ţ㻻·ֱȱճ鷿
ճϲûоܾҲûˬͬ⣬üͷ˵Ƿ˼ϣҪŪٳ̸ף
Լҵļйƻûлشʵ
ԼңճüͷȻѾعζ
ƻĵļ˵Լĸ壬ԼҼĻӵ游ֻҪĻӵˣԸ⸨֧ԼԸһʵְλ
õǲǲҪˣĻӵˣռ񶼣춼ЩǺģôͬҪ󣡡ճһ
ƻҲ㵣ĵЩҺĻӻᴦҲҪԼһ¶ѡ
ӣճʮֵգŭ˵أ
㵱Ȼ˵ƻ˵ٳϣΪҲһ˵棬ռҵģĻӸԼһ䣬ܰͽȥ飬ʲôϵã㲻ȲԺԼҵĻǾܾˣ
˵⻰赭дȴĿŵвӦͻԼ߳Ȧӣ
ΪˣĻӵļңճɫŤĿƻ
ƻȴķŭһ£ֻţԣ
㣡ճҧҧݺݵĿƻһᣬͻȻЦڿǳӲˣסĻӣΪԼһǲǣҸ㣬޸ĻӣֱΣˣҲ㺦ռҵģ
ƻ΢΢һУԼеɱ⣬һֱҲǰɵڸͲϣ£Ҳһԣ
βճһȦ޻ϣƵؿڶۣϵıҲŤ˼㡣
ƻƮƮĿһֱۣվҴ𸴡˵ҲճķӦֱ뿪鷿
 

ʮ 

ϣճĴ𸴣ԼҽӴԼٳ顣
ƻе˿⣬ճصıԼ棬ôô漯߳ҲΪԼ޿κΣҲܶԼвһ졣
ȥ
ֽһЩ飬ȥϷϷһ
תֹۣһ£ȵҲѾˬ
ȻϴɵӰ죬ҪúܾòָܻڿһкѾص졣
һµҲ糯ˣֻûǰľҲ΢΢ͣɼ֮ǰ˵ж
糯ĵһ飬ǺݺݵĿһ٣εıʮ⣬˲ٽƱ˵ֽٵĲ¡
һͻȻôϿ裬˼ѾԶˣ˶˼
糯в˰ΧȻҪƨ
ûΪ̺˵Ĺάʲôı飬Ǵº͵Ц⡣
⵹òٰй۲ˣĹ۸к˲١
߳̱˵ȥһˡ
̣鷿
ϣۼˣαϱ۾
ǰ˵ϣĵˡ
ˣ۾һҪҪ裬ˣ˵ɡ
һԵϣЩĵĿ̣ʿźۣҪúϢ
ʱúϢ̿˵һҲŵһµʱ䣬Щ˼ֱ޷ˣ
迴˵ǡ
ȻЩһʵǲʡģ˵ţεݸһţһһµʱ䣬Ǿ޿ײ͸͢浱ϹΪЩҶ
迴еţȻϷһĶ֣ȻҲ档
ֳ̱֣̿ȻûзôĶʵиʵС
̰ڰ֣һҲæˣǻо˼Щ顣
ʮΣʧ죬øʴŲЩʵڲӦá
ǳĽƻȻԸǡҡҡͷֳ˶ĿݣĵطֻҪ϶˻£ֳܱĺͰġ
һ죬Ϊʷǵġ֮ʵʴô
˵ѾҲϴһΡôУҲ˵һ⣬Ƕ춼黹ʮֵĲܰǣǻһЩ󶯾Ͼ񶼾ǵʵɲС
Щգʵ˼˵ôˣ
Ҳû̫õİ취˵ҴȢһϷҵС㣬Ӧܺܺõİˡ
üͷȻʮֲԸ⣬еζǵ˵ͷǸʿѡ𣿡
˵Ҫ˵ͼȻռңһҵͷҲǰ׽еģֻҪܰסռңҲͲΪ塣ֻռҲǵһ֧ıˣǸռҵļ¸ſ񡣲ռңһ׼ң׼һֱûйҲûйҼռ˵Ҳࡣ
Ϊռá˵ռλŮӴ٣һвܵŮӣƷҲʮֵĶѡҪȢΪޡ
΢΢һУ
Ҫشȴ̴ֱϡ
Ժ˵ɣϾ׼һ죬ȵ֮㡣˵
ĵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ȷʵ֪ˣ̶֪ռҵ̬ȣҲ֪̬ȣҪȢҲֻȢƻ
˵ʵЩðˣϾ̶̽Ľ׶Σ׾̲ģ֮ǰһ¶ûˡ
ֻԻµ⣬Բһܴôġ
Ȼڶϳ̱㿪ʼϹԺҲ糯˽⳯е
ôһ䣬ôˣ컹һٿ佱ôж߻мӣ׷ȥķӦ
ȴ⣬ûʲôرı鲻˵̽ôô˿ûܵӰ졣
ڴڼ䣬ߴȴԽԽࡣҲ̸ûа취ܾΪڲʮֲȡΪ飬ֿʼ˼Ծ̻мĻӣһ㿪ʼλԸոȶĳ˵һСĴ
 

ʮ 

ȻҲ֪ʱ̵Ҫԣ˼ǰ֮󣬻ּΪ̫ӡ
˶ѾԤ뵽ܵʮ˳öǹϲûзԵ
豻Ϊ̫ӣԭֱ˾ԼңϾңȴһ㶼˲
ΪѾһɾҪλǰûκεҰģǿҰҲûʲôáȥս̸ֱżѹûʲô
ȵ񶼻ۿͺպգǵҰٴɻû׼ͻȻ
Ż϶ԽԽأȻҲҪһ˼ǻûеų켺Ϊ谰ǰ󹮹̵λѾΪ̫ӡ
ڣȻҫޱȣЩģǸͺ̫֮λûһĹϵʵֻܿš
Ϊǲȷ᲻ҪǣҪǡֶԼʮֵļɵԼҵĵλͻޱȵΡ
ǺڰڵĴض㣬Ӧòķԣɼ޸Ϊ̫Լûʲôϵٱ֤ǺһϵƣֻҪõ᲻ҪԼҡ
軹ûȢޣǾûлᣬֻҪȢɣҲһġ
ǣɽĴͶײĴҲ
ȻԼҵͼμ̬Ȼº֮ͣ󼸴Σȴһαһ䵭ɺġ
ͬʱ·˼İ׼ڵ춼
׼ҽǵһ죬ƻһҲݵĶ¥ϣŰ׼ҵĳӽ˳ǡ
ûи֪裬軹Ǻܿ˹Ŵĳһģм֡
ǰ׷ռȵΪĻʺмʹް׼ҲǽûзìܣаܿڣͰ׸Ĺϵ䲻׽Ҳûʲôڣô̬ȡ
ôˣ£ʵô游ˣôһ㶼˵ģ
ƻƤһְۣͶ±ߵĽֵ̫ӵйϵ𣿡
˭㲻ˣңȥŭ
ƻ¿ֻҵһһô˼˵ֻ
ŷӦϽ˵Ǽӣ˲ű˴˵Ķ˵ѵóȻҪ㣬˰Ŵݣɲһʼ֪ġ
⻰ƻͷת˹ʵģ
Ȼģôأ˵
ƻΪѵɫɿá
㾿ôˣ׼ǵˣ迴ӣ̲סʵ
ƻûڻر⣬Ŀĳӣ룬Ǿô·µġ
˵Ϊĸ̫·һβ͵£Ҫ·ϵʱˡټǰʱϴǣ˺ܶ졣˵Լ֪Ķ
ĸȷʵãĳȰ⣬ɼ޷졣
ƻ˵ѵãǽ춼ǳĴڱܿ춼ҵʱ򣬶㻹Ϊ̫ӡ
⻰Ҳüͷ԰׼˵Ǻ֮ǣǶ԰׷Ҳɱ֮죬ƻô˵̾˾ӡ
ȷʵЩ̫ˣǾǹҪܿЩģźʵ
ƻȻΪǰļ䣬һж΢ֻܸǾú֡
׼ȷʵ֣Ǻһжˣû֧ûдƷϱìܼʱڣ˴ϴһжǲ١˼˵
ƻָʶôģ֪˼ȻܸԼǰļ䣬ȴ֪ҲǰҲ׼ҴĬĬͻȻȵΪһҵ顣
ȻɫԽԽüƻıһģһ
׼ңûбϿô򵥣Ǵĺܣ
ȷʵѹڰ׼ǰļһ飬ҲȻ׹ǰ׷ƻͲ˵Ϊ׼ĬĬƶһУ
Ҫ޵ģȷʵ׼ңҪҲֻ׼ң
ȣϵıҲЩŤȻĳȥˡƻס֣裬ôˣ
ƺĴһץס֣оһ˿ɱ⣬ڿƻ֮кɱ˲ɢæ˵ŵֻе飬㣡
 

ʮ ̬

ƻҡͷûСеͰ׼й𣿡
ûڰ׼ҵ飬ž׼ȷʵЩ֡˵¶һ˿Цݡ
ƻǰʱ򣬲ûи׷飬ھ͸ûбҪЩˣЩǻҪԼܡ
ƻоЦмǿ֪û˵ʵҲ֪׹׷վŵ׼ҡ˵ʲôַֻʽʹ࣬Ҳʮֲζ
û𣿡ƻ̲סʵǺϣܰ鶼ԼһĬĬܡ
ȴֻЦЦ¡ָ˲ֱ˵𣿿ˣҸȥһոȥĸ
ԸᣬƻҲֻʱ£˵ĸҲ˵ˣֻڵݣȴܴŽˡ
ûйϵҡҡͷҾҪǿҽո
ƻЩôͼôˣ
ҪȢˡĸҲǡ
ô˵ƻȴЩЦ㵹ˣ춼Щ嶼Ů㻳ưɡ
㲻ӦôЦôģЩ
ƻЦſĳһۣ֣ߣһȥ
վһ֣ϵЦԽá
˵ûôĿŵһ߻ȥһո³ʱҲûʲôڵֻһ߽ո
һعͱ̽˹ȥ
밲ʰ
̿һۣǱΪ̫Ӹţ̾ԼҪǰӢ䣬ǰһɵȴԽԽ⣬Լûѡˡ
ˣϴźЦ⡣
ͷ֪˽Լ٣Ҳû˵ظʣǳˣȥոһˡ
ո̿ȥճˣ
ҡͷȥݷշ˺ϷˡҲ֪շǾʶȥ񶼵ʱҲչˡ
֪ȥƻˣЩһڰˡ
ȥշˣǽżշȥռСˣϵЦ˼֣ʵ
貢ţֱ˵׼ҽǶȥһۣС㣬һʱȥոΪ˼Сȥո
̺һƱ磬֮ǰ˵飬һΪģ˵ҪȢƻ޿ǿ˰ɣ
ʣȥ񶼣СС;ּǿӶܶݡټĶҲѾ˶ġ˵ˣҲǲԣҪȢޣֻȢ΢ͷ˵
û뵽Ȼˣ˵ôֱףʲôҪȢޣֻȢѵȢⱲӾͲȢˣ
ȻҲȥ̵ĵߣ˵ʲöռҺͰ׼֮ѡȻҪȢƻ
ʹô˵ȴֻôģǷƻȢ
ǼƻģȥռҵŮݣò޷ӡɹҲûŮӵֽݺ͸꣬Ϊֹжȡ
ֻҪճֹ֧ʮֲôƻ̫һռҵݲøˮǴߣճ֪εſ
ֿƻǳԣĽҲ͸ǿ˵ƻ᲻ӰΪһΪһľߡռѵƻǣ
ţ̾͸ӲԸȢƻ׼Сûƻ㣬ٰ׼ҪռʵռҺƿء
Щ̲ûж˵Ϊ˵ˣҲһı뷨Ȼ˾飬ͺˡ
˵ҲеڣСͰСУСȷʵʺָֻ̫Ц˵ȻҪ衣
еķܣôãּƻͻˡ
ȴף̰Ŀĺڣѵʱıⲻɡ
˵׼ҼȻˣ⼸ձٴڹ磬׼ҽӷɡ嶼ӷˣҲܵ©˰׼ҡ
Ǹʣ׼ҽӷǲҲס˵
Ҳǡ̵ͷ˵춼ָ˰ڳҲ۹ֱͣΪ̫ӣҲֵúúףһݡŸ׼ҽӷˡ¾ͽŰɡ
ǣʡͷһ˿⣬žҪٰ̧׼ңð׼̫λϸеҲ׷нӴĻᣬİԼҪȢƻľ̫ˣԲĵߣȥҲıԼ뷨
 

ʮ ټ

֮󣬹йȻ磬˵Ȼ˵Щ
ΪᵽҪ׼ҽӷ磬׼һӳ˷ͷ
죬ƻŰܿʱ򣬰׼ҵҲͣ˹ǰ
˶ͣס˽Ų߿
ǰȻǰ׼Ҽ׺ͳӰƣһȻǰ׷ĸŮ
׷΢ͷ̬ǧĴʤѩüĿ续öˡϴŵЦ⣬Ҳмᣬ˵Ŀ⣬ƲסǣҲʾʮ˵Ŀ⡣
˿̲סĿͶƻЩȣòȻƣ̬Ҳм
ǿƻȥ׷ﶼ̲סƲ죬Ȼ񣬵ʵڲ̫Զˣǰ׷ʯ̳ģƻȻ͵񣬾ǹ˹Ĳ
ƻ׷ϵЦ̽Ӳ˼֣Ҳһ˲䣬漴ƻЦøӵĲá
ƻֻƮƮĿһۣû˿ı仯ֻǷŰܿߵ˰׺ǰ
סܿƻҲ
ݼ游
ɡ׺㿴ЦúǴȰ
ƻָİƷ񣬲˰׷һá
˵Ҳûмˣ˳ȥ׸ʱһì֮⣬Ժż棬Ҳ򵥵ʸá
μ棬ƻԸо׷ı仯Ѿǰһ磬˵ǰúֻܵһĵİ
ճ߹ȥ˵ȽȥˣǾ졣ûп׺һۣʵŵĺܡ
հҵìҲһʱˣ׺Ҳ⣬ֻ԰ܿ˵Ҳ˵ĵطǱ߱˵ɡ
˱㳯Źȥ
ǶãһסôϽլۡˡŰ֣ܿ׺͡
ܿҲЦɩӲؿǾ֮Ͱˡ˵ǰӦúæһֱҲûйȥ̽ﶼʰҪõĵطɩӾᡣ
˵ûˣѾʰĲˣֻǻҪЩҲͲͷˡ
ܿͷʵô
ӡϷҲЩǲǾҪͷۣҲЩˣúñţٷҲûʲô⡣
ܿźۿҲТȥĸ׵ġ
ĸոհúãĸȥĸǵĸӺЩȥɡƻæһ߰οš
ҲסĵͷֿƻƻТ˳㣬һ죬ŵġ
ܿӲ˲۽ǵᣬôƻҲ¶Ц⣬Ҳһʡġ
ÿڸв֪Ҽҵǲһʡĵģ˵ţһ۰׷Ҫƻúѧѧ
׷ЦЦ۾г״ǽᣬȷʵֵѧϰ
ǰܿҲЩȣԭԵСѾͷڸһƵġ
ϴμʱ򣬻һСޣҲͤͤСˣǲò̾²˰
Ҳסĵͷɲ⺢һת۾ͳôˡ
ƻɨһۣǰ׷ĸҲ仯٣Ǳǰʡ˵ˡ
治֪׼꣬ͷЩʲô
ЩƻһˣĸôС˾أ
С˾ˡȻǰĬǰ׷ˡҪ£ܾһֱ⡣
Цһ͸˵˵ȴ׺˵Ұأû춼ƻôˣ
ƻЦЦ˵һʣС˾˻ֻ֪ʲôġ
ĬЩˣܿƻһۡ
׺Ц׻ǸӣЩ
ȷҪأأŲƴڻûһӣܿ˵ƻһۣ˵ҲҺϷƽʱ̫ˣǳ޵ˣµĺƵģΪת춼ʲô˵ǿġ˵˲ˣ
⻰ǱԹԵĳ磬⻰Ҳҫ
Цֽ˼֣ǺТ˳أ
Т˳ʲôðҵϣܸһһ㡣ܿ˵͸ղڹſһ˵Ѿ߷žˣƫҪԼҡϲЩ飬һСӶûСҿʹݵĺܣԼ֮󣬾˽С㡣
 

ʮ 

˵ʲôƻûСӣ˵׷̫дСļӣһվĻȸһͷһԼĸ׶Ը⡣
ĳǸǳЦˣɫҲѿ
һ߰׷Ҳǲÿ΢ͷ֪˿˿ϵı顣ǿɫҲܺá
ĸŮӣܿתͷƻ˵ڳһڶ
ƻЩЦϲұֳֻİܿ֡
Ҫ˵˵ӣƢ񶼱úˣɰܿǾֵ˷Ǳøڼװˣǰ׷ǰǸզզԸȷʵϲװģӣֹ˾òϲʮ˲
Ļ˵ôˣ˾ȻûʲôӦе㲻˼顣
Ǻúӡ׺Цһ˵
԰׺㣬ܿ𾴵ģ̬ȺһЩЦŵ˵ͷ
һֱ˶û˵˴
һ߽еҲ׷׿˿ʼ۷׷ס׼͵Ϸ֪ĻһЩ춼Щ˰׼ǵڶ֮⣬֪ҲǷǳࡣ
̵Ҫ׼ҽӷ磬Ȼ͸һ׼ҵ˺ͳҲͰˣ׷ΪһΨһĺӣעӵĸߡ
׼СҲǸ˰Ⱥ˷̾
ҿǱȲռǸС㣬˵˳ûеأ
հףСͰСǱãȻмġ
ЩƻǰˣȻûʲôӦǰ׷ϵЦݾЩάˣ˭ԸⱻȽϣοЩ˻˵Ȳƻ
ƫƫúܽ룬ƻͰ׷һЩ˻۲ˡ
Ҫѡ̫Ȼû³̣Ϣвķ˳ĹŮȫĻ֦չϣܵõۡ
ƻͰ׷һ˷ͷĽǼޣټΪ֮ǰ飬ƻЩŮԭìܣΧ˸ǲˡ
ƻֵ徲ֻţżͷܿ˵˵
ǰ׷Ȼô֣Χ˶ԼȻɻҲûóȻǴʶƻ֮ŷࡣ
۲һᣬЩСһСΪףƻҲǿҡֻҪܺ˵ϻΧ˶ҲûеˣǲСһԱߵСһ¡
ô£СǴ֮ڴһ£ǻָĲ࣬Ѿƻˣڼֱ޲ȥץԺƻıãȻҲʮ
׷ϽǸ˼ҲСģСû°ɣ˵Ƿ´½һ㣬ϴŵİӣ̾ĽӿÿһֱҪһô͸ӣĽ㣡
һδϴ춼ƹҲһ룬ΪһҾĴֺҵĵλȻҲˮǴߡ
ԭЩݵں޲ñǿ׿ˣô˵ͷϣʲôҼǱ⻹ÿӣġ
ϴôܻģ˵ӦҲǺܹˣ԰׷˵Ǿ治ʲô׸ҪЩȻ˵ǿһ۸ڶˣҲöԸֻҪά˭ͺˡ
̾һӶǴģ֪С춼һλҵǧ𣿡
ʩһ˵Լϡ
ԭС㣬һֱͦ游˵춼Ϲ壬ȫ춼һļ壬ԭСļ𣿡׷һ浥ģ˵Ҫֶš
ҪϹѾˣƫƫϲ˿ţ֮ǵûзУ԰׷ЩøС
Ҳû֮ǰôˣ˵㵹ǻͦ˵ɱǸˣ˵꿴һƻӱһ
׷ҲһƻЩΣ߿˿ѹ˵Сൣұܴ˲ŻոⷽȷʵЩǷס
⻰˵ӵһֶһѵĶо԰׷Ĺ۸ֱ˵ûһҰѾͷԺҲԶһɣʡñˣᡣ
ô𣿡˵ƻĻ׷ҲЩ⣬˵㣬Ȼ˵˼˰Ҳϲġ
 

ʮһ 

мǸӻϲǶϲ˵ſ˿С㣬ЩСҲŵ˵ͷ
Ȼ׷ѹƾƻĶȻ˶ԻҲֹסЦǰôð׷ģ˸һıСˡ
Ǳ߰׷ѹ˵ǲ֪ұǺǸ
û˵꣬ͿͻȻ̧ͷ߹һС㣬ҲǺ⡣
ɣ˻ȥ´һ°׷Цһ
׷ʶӦĻˣüͷɲ壬ɲС
ȿƻԱߣЦŴкʱ־ûʲôˡѾƻˮˣֺαںǲǵѡ
λǣ׷תͷʵ
һԼҵķѾͷƻһʹ³ۣ
Լңð׷΢΢һüͷԼΪңӦõĵ
ôˣÿϣ;ñǲǣ񣬺һֶ
Ȼһߣһ߾͸ӦõȻⲻˣ˵ֻһŻ
ʲô
ۣȺ֡׷һЦ
Ц˵ĲҰѾͷѾͷһ𣬿ɲȺ𣿡
ߵ˲ĿҲȥʵǱô£ҸղŹ˵أ
ƻЦһʲôãҸѹûΣ˵ʲô˵ˣͲñ˶һҡ
㶼ô˵һ˵ʲôʼ硣
ƻЦЦôͲ˵ʲô
˵ʲô˵ʲôҷšνİڰ֣Ҫ̫ңһúʰ
ƻЦи˼ů⣬ǾСˡ
׷üë˵˵
Цһš
Ǳ߰׷ŸղŵĻ˵ǸϲˣϣԼĶϱЩǸöö֮ӽԼˣɺ۰ұ㡣
ղŲ˵ۣһҲʲôöѹֻϲЦϲҲһжϲȻô˻أ
׷ϳһ£˵ʵ˻ԭҵ֪һ㡣
˵Ϊ˳𣿡һҾ֪ĻôȻƭ˵ģ˵˵Ϊʲô
׷ҲЩΪѣЩҲ֪ǲģҪ𺦱ô죿
ҪľĻһ⻰ӴߴٵģҲ֪˵ģ˵ɣ
׷ԥһᣬ˵˵˻飬ΪұΪ㣬ոһʦСʱҲһЩӣǺͲ֮ˣȻͰѻˣ
֪ǸöϱģȻô֪ܺһ˹ңԸ¼ţҲʹ켫ˡ
׷ȴʮֵС㣬ЩǧԱ˵Ҫñ֪ˣұҪѹˡ
Ȼͱ±˵㻹ʲôģ˵Ҳ˵˵ľˣ
˵⻰㼱͵תԣЩý÷ˡ
׷װĽͱ˵Ȼģֱӣɣ춼֪顣
Ȼ⼸Ѿˣ춼˭֪Ҫƻô壡
֮ǰ׺йȥ˵Ϸ嶯ʮֵĲ֣Ϊ˰ǣһȢһϷŮ̫ѡȻƻ֮䣬ƻ̫֮λˣ
µĶӺһڲ裬ȴӵĵ⡣
ȵ̺ʱ򣬹ƻԣѾŮȦﴫˣƹ˶ãеŮ춼֪ˡ
ǵûй˵ˣ۾ϣ۵İĽ
ԭòòٴСǣΪּһֱǸӵݣ˱Ъ˼
һǴӢ佫˵һԾΪ̫ӣֱСзȻҪ޸衣
ƽʱһϴżЦ⣬һļѹӣ۲ɨЩС
̴֮һӣ°ɣ챾Ǹ칦ģôн˶Ƥԣ˶Ƥȣ첻飡
 

ʮ 

һδһֱڸѹ֮У˵Ҫ۹ͣҲһ籩ڹȥźš
ô˵Ҳڳ׷ˣ㲻̽Ҳúⳡᡣ
˾ٱ֮־һϲ֮Ļǲ̵ܵ˵ģ򵥺˼䣬¡
磬֣̫߽һ
Ůζ룬ʼˡ
Ѿ̱Լʵ裬Ҳ±˷֣һʼƻ˿Ҳһ
Ҳ۷׷ףҪ֪ڿ˭
˲֪̿ĺܣƻ߿һۣǣûзĿ⣬Աߵ˵Ż˺ʶ
Ҳǿ˵ˣȴҲòϣûһܱȵƻò޿޵ģһʣһ˫Եһۣȴ˭еġ
ջˮðĸ֣ôܻôԣ
ƻһ࿴ȥհһ𣬵ΪƻͰ׷һԱȣֻǾðѰ׷ƻǰҡ
һ֮£Щʧ˵òĲ࣬ͨɶ˲ֹһǰֲ費ԸȢ׷˭˶εġҲͷҪصظ׷贴Ӵ뷢
ʵǰ׷ôۿȥһƬݺݺҲûƻƽɫʵһǳľ顣ƻֻһòŮҲͰˣռЩ鱨Ӹ˵ƻһòڣҲܳɫˡ
ŮӣһԺյļΪ˻ʺ춼ᱻƣռҿơ
һ¾òݰռŪƤӵ£ʱúһˣ
˵ŻƻѾ̵ܵߣԭֻǴŶĴͻȻ֮ˣɭɱ⣬˲þûתͷ̡
ЩΪʲô̻ͻȻ֮ɱģ֪һǺҪȢѲ˸ϵ
ɷĲԾʵôˣʲôط𣿡
ûСƻϵЦݣոսЩˡ
һЦ˭ôˣԷһҲûʲôϵġ
ƻҪ˵͸оɱʧˣ̷䱳Ҳһ亹ʮĻϣȻЩͿҲʮֻעӣǺѹġ
㿴˰ɣɻΪԼĻЦ˵
ƻͷȷʵˡȻӼһЩˣװװĿһ̣ɫƺûʲô仯
迴񿴹ȣҪע⡣
ƻȷʵһۣǰžĵһۣΪôҡҲҲô
Ȼûоþţһ뵽еҪͷˣƻͺ޵Щ
ʵҲв̶ƻͬѰĹעֻһҲûзϣǿƻЩӣҲͲòԼ
ôһƻΧСʧˣǶڲ²迴ǲԼأ
ȻҲ׷ȻһֱΧСɢŹƻҥԣһҲûзй۲衣֮ǰ˵һӣֻû뵽òڣ۷ɨ
Ҫ޸̫ԸҲ͸ӵǿˡ
ҲȻ輫ΣһֱעߵƻŭȼôƻȥȻתͷֿʼɢһֵҥԡ
ĵڶ죬ƻԱѾɣ˵һĻ
ȻһΪʮһ꣬ûܹӦеĽ̵ڼﲻظףżѹãոȻĶлԼΪһոʦֹ֮£˻顣
Щ鴫ƻĶֻһЦЩ̸񶼵ĹǶ֪ԭίᴫЩĵҥԡ
ڰ׸֮󣬱ͻȻʼЩҥԣңϵᣬɻ˵׷ڸ˽顣˭ɢҥԣͲ롣
׼ҿ϶֪Ϸѡ̫ǹ˰׷Ųĵڮֻ׷ʵ̫ˣЩǴﴫģƴ̵ĶҲҪһƶʻ߳
 

ʮ Ϯ

ûм죬Щ㴫Ƿ꣬Ϸ˵Ķ
Ϸ˱ƻ˹ȥϰ뺬ŭʵôһ£
ƻ齻˳ЩСˣĸ㲻õģ⡣
ôܲ⣬ǻЩҥԣͬ޸Ļô죿Ϸŭ
ƻ˵ûЩҲһҪҼ޸裬ϹƻǼɵռҵġ
ϷһüͷǴʲôˣ
ƻϷΪģ˵û˵ʲôֻǿϵ̬Ȱˡ
ϷȴԹԵ૵Ҳѹ֣ռģһɵġ
ĸԼᴦõģֻܺúӾСƻɫãϽ˵
Ϸ˵ɫȴʮأƻдһ˿ǵȵԶֵʱˡ
ʱƻϷ仰˼ȵ֮˵׼ϼϷĹռŪʱ򣬲ϷѾ뵽һˡ
֮ȥϷˡ
ϷѾµ⣬ֱӿżɽʵǲǻǱֶˣ
ƻ˵ͷϷѾмƻˣʵĸô
Ϸ֣ȰĸķƻΪռѾ˹ˣĸģһҪ֣һжĸ
ĸΪʲô
ƻû˵꣬Ϸ̴ʵôǲĸǲǣ
ƻ˵ȻǣֻǲҪĸģϾĸӻûк䡣
ϷЦЦҵԼʱ򡣺οűϾйոĴҲЩ͵һΪºˡ
ƻ쳣ļ֣ῴţǳʲô©úðžˣ˵ͷǺãͽĸ
СϷôҪи˵ӦңҲǳɹʧܣ㶼Բ֣ܲ
ƻʵЩΪʲôôǿҵҪԼ֣һʱЩԥ
ϷȴЩһٵȷҲ˿ڣ֤ĳʲô©ʱһ֡
ƻȻǲףǵͷ
ͷϷȻһЩܸˡ
ֹ֮˰µʱ䣬ĽŲԽԽˣ¶ȿʼ͡
ҪĴոô׵ģȻѾ뼸λϺãҲóȻĳ֡
ƻһֱеĹע̵Ķ򣬸ܸܷı仯Щ񶼹ѾռʧȥأһЩҵϾܿߣ̻ԼΡ
˫ʱոˡ
һԭƽϣƻܿϷԻطûñ˯ˡ
ɾҹһɱͻȻϮոϢɱΧصĻͰȻոŻ
˴磬ȵ˷Ѿˡ
һʱ˱ߺˮˣˮˣ
ԺҲѣƻһʱܵ˰ܿķС
ô£ôͻȻˮˣܿЩţߴ·˳
ƻɫأһ߱ӳİ죬Ҳʮֵأ˵ʰʰȥĸ
ԣԣϷ˳£ܿϽͷָŽѹصĶʰһ£ȻֱӸƻȥϷ˵ԺС
ϷѾڴеǣˣվ˵߰ɣ
ƻֻ̫ƽˣҲǣѾ̻ͻȻϮ׼Ϸôûá
˱һūͣӲųȥȵڵĻϨٻ
һĹ򣬻ƺִ˺ܶ࣬ԺΪһͻ԰ԺӰҲԻƵĴĲ졣
ʱһɱڳҳոðеİһֱûжֱӺײˣһֱӳ˸ڣڴ˾Ȼճײˡ
Щƻ֪ʱǰҲɱ֣ǸΧ
ƻ˵һɽĽǲܵУʱҲ˲ϷǰԼʵֱӳĳǴ
ͽ忴żҲҪȥȴסˣʾûƻǲܱ¶Լ书ʵ
ֻվԭأĲͣĶţЩοô
ûãɱֵİ˹ֵƻܶѹˣƻҲˣֻҹɫڵţû˵Ŀֻš
 

ʮ 

ƴɱһ󣬰Χǵɱֲűȫʱû˻𣬻ƱˣŨѾ˹
ƻ̴Ǽƶε˳ֱ߳ոƵոĴŴ
ոĴҲѾҳһţӳļҶūǣڲ̧ͣˮҪܵĴ
ƻϷ˺Ͱܿ߹ΧȥһĹǣ˵ǵķԸ
ƻһʼ֪ȻҪ֣ضǻ֣Ǹ;ȲˣһʼûžȻ𣬶ǸϽŰܿϷ˳
ôˣȻָӾȻʱɱֺܾܿɱһֲ˵Ϸ˺Ͱܿ᲻ʲôˡ
Ҳڣ˶Χոֱֱ㣬ĵҲȥȻ𣬵ǻûмļ󡣺ոܱȻҲмլӣҲղȥ
þˣ˲ˣϷƻһ˵ʡȥȻٳΣգȵһжûӳ
ô˵жޱȸмΪѾ۵ĿҪˣҲû˿ļᣬѾʶǸûа취ˡ
ϷԸлЩȻˣЩ˿ôĻҲҡҡͷһӸ棬ҲܲζҲûпֵϢûжþɢˡ
±㿪ʼԼȥٵĲǺܶࡣ
ΪǴǰԺʼģϺܶ˶ںԺϢԴһǱ߾Ȼˣֻ߳мõˣ˴С
вˣȻ˵ϣǰĴʹ࣬е׺ѣеȴΪżȻˣһӵļҵȴڴոɾˡ
ƻȴͻȻֲԣĴ˺þãʵճأ
ҲһǾȻûпҲûƻȻֱճ䡣
ƻ뵽ǴǰԺãճܿǱסˣתһ룬̺ܿҪԸľճԻǰԺ
ĸô죿ƻϽתͷϷˣΪû׼ǫ̃ǰעӣռһҪһϵļ
ʱϵϷˣ̧ͷһƻɫڻӳ£һѪɫأ
ƻǹĻȣͷһǵ˱һס
ͷβΪⳡ̷ŵģȴʶⳡϷ˷ŵģ
뵽ס˼ֲ֣Ϸ֣ΪϷҪɱճǾٳ߱ϷԺ˲࣬һӵ
촽òŽгһĸ
ƻ⸱ģ֪׹ˣȻЩ壬ϷҲ⣬΢΢һЦ˵ʣµ飬㻹ǽҰɣ
ƻ˵ƺ飬Լ̵ĽϷ˵˵ͷϷ˿ҪԶռһռңҲΪ˱
뵽иո˼˲ɢһץסϷ˵֣ĸʲôƻĸ
Ȼ⣬ô˵Ϸ˻ǾʮֵοЦĵ֡
ⳡȴûյ̫ãΪƵһ磬ԭҪǰ࣬˻ŴʱһͻȻٵĻ˻ơ
ֻܶոŵ±꣬ƻȵĿϷѯǲ֪ϻꡣ
Ϸ˺ЦҡҡͷȻû˵Ǳǣô֪һʼľյո
Ŵ겻֪ʱһƥͻȻĻ˹ͣ˵ǰ
δݣѾһһѰƻ˻
裬ϢҪˣκιвô㣬˲ٹڳ˳Ȼ·Ͼ꣬ɲƽһ̰ƻڻָоԼ˹
ȿȣܿصĿһ
ŷſƻתͷŸϷ˺Ͱܿ
ôƻ϶ʪ͸ˡϷ˵ܿǰ˵
ŷӦϽ˹Լϵ·ɣԼۣƻ˵һ߻ɣ
ƻҲûиߵһ߰·쵽죬ϵ·ҲʪҲҺֻۡ
·ҲϷа˽Ĳˣ΢ٵĻƣҲһĺ¡
ֻѹ֣Ҳö˵Щʲôֻƻվţʱʱůӡ
 

ʮ 

ʱⳡ֮ǰĻƸϨˣҲ˲ƣϽլճ
ںڰзңȻûʲôȵһʱɻûҵˡ
ȴţˣҲֲʲôʱ˻ŵʱ򣬹ٸð١ոĴպ˰ʱûڻ𶼱Ϩˣο춼ŹԾոʧж󣬺ϱġ
һ˵ճڻûгĹԱ̺Աͷʹ˸ɫȻظһ˵Ҫҡ
ƻҲϷʹһɫϷ΢΢ͷŶ˵Ǿ鷳λˡ
ǼȻ⣬ҲᷴԣһȺ˱ڱյĽӽķš
ԽԽѾڵߵĳ̶ȣˮյĻҽһеĵطЩŢѰұøӵļѡ
ռҳ£춼֪ıȽ磬費˹ӲʱѾ֪ռҳˡ
ֻû뵽Ȼôأ糯ʱԱһճʧڻУͷҲסһϲȴֵķǳ𾪣һԽæȥѲ顣
ԼڹеϢѾ⣬ξճһţҲһҲվ
ϵո±ߵĹԱҲʶ̶ӳ̶ȣҲ֡вٸҹˣȻˣȴҲһֱһߵȴϢ
ʱһһεĹȥڴЪʱڷﺰһɤӣҵˣҵˣ
˻Χ˹ȥϷϢҲվƻ֣Ҫȥ
Ϸ˿ʮֵļУ˻ΪҪȷճǲǻţƻ֪Ҫȷճǲ͸ˡ
ĬĬĽӹƻеɡסϷ˵һֻ֣Ϸûоܾ˱߽С
ܿҲֵ̫ĮҲýɡȥˡ
˲Ⱥճʬ¶˳·°ȻˣȴûŵĺۼԾ˿ںԾܿѪѾˣֻбˮݵķ׵˿ⷭţʮֺˡ
Ϸһ˿⣬ԭЩ壬һ·ˣǵЦ⻹δֱͣѹ˻ȥһʹģһֱӵƻϡ
ƻɫҲЩһֱΪճһ죬һǿģȴͬˮһģҲм꣬˭뵽һļȻҡ
һԵİܿһ֮ҲٿƻһģԭΪл⣬ȴмǸճ׵ʱЩõĻ䡣
ܿڽϣϹᣬ΢΢Ľ֣ʾԼ뿪
ȺԶֿ¶ĸ飬ҲЩζƵƵҡͷ
ճʬ˳Ϸ˺ƻ˵մ˵ʱʬ屻ѹһ±ߣϱѹ˲ٶҵʱŷЩ򡣡
˵ְĶǰ˵մҵģλһǲմ˵ģ
ƻһۣҡҡͷⲻģϸŻ֮һɱǱ˽ǽֵʱ򣬿Ǵĺ
лС㣬¹ҲöʣȵСϷ˰¹ѯʡ˵
ƻͷʹˡ
ϷҲһҪ֣ռһ
ƻϵıȻֻǿŬϷӣ˶Ϊ˳ۣǿ
һֿ֮˵̫ӵ£¹Ҫȥ֪¸¹һ𣿡
ҲǺһ䣬ϾϴֹţӲҲѾ֪ˣռҵҲˣȻȥϸ
迴ƻҡҡͷ˵Ҵ飬Իع
Ա޷ֻ˵ͷֳѼĵȥˡ
ճҵˣһҲܻܲţ谲˺˿һȥԭլӡ
ûжãլһֱ˿Ҳɾʡ
ʰһóճʬ壬ţһϵļȥϢ
ϷѾЩסֵ֣ȥϢˣܿҲЩģҲûж˵踣˸ҲȥϢˡ
ƻȴҡҡͷһкܶҪ
Ҫʲô΢üͷЩ۵Ŀ׵ɫֻҪڣܶռң
 

ʮ 

ƻ˵ճһϺܿҲҪӦˣ֣һһҲܰո̻ˣҪͺܿܺͻַ
֪ɫ΢ңҲû뵽ͻȻ֣Ҳ֪һ˴˾ȻûյϢ
⻰ƻŷӦûü࣬Լüͷ˵鲻ģĸ
ʲôüͷ΢ǺܿͷӦϷôĿģ̾һϷҲɷѿˡ
ƻͷĸӦѾ˽ҪôҪھϢʱ䣬ռҳ¡
ͷҲûֹ˵ҿֹЩ壬ǸǱߣһ취˵ġ
áƻͷ
˱ֿжعƻȥ쿴Ķ
Ǿ֣ҳɱʬȷϮոӦһֱǱ춼еǶճ֮ǣ֪߻˶ãڷ˹ϧķһɱճ
ȻʮŭȫѲЩЩɱճҲΪƷӹΰӦøӽͣЩ²ȥոˡ
̲ǿɲһЩѾʼѹոʱ춼ӣڳе
ҲǸոտʼʵеʱ򣬴ճɥµϷˣͻȻ
Ȼ֪ҪʲôΪ˱ͿռңͬϷ˽˸
Ϸʱ˲٣ȻʢװҲ㲣߸ŵƻɫҲʮֵĲ԰ס
̿ģҲվţ㶼
л֮󣬱ҲЩһ˲ĳĬ
˿أǳԲ׼ĿģǲųĬһᡣ
Ϸȴ˳Ĭ˵çײұ£ʵ°һǹ¶ĸ
Ϸʲô˵ǣܰæȻԴȻô˵̵üͷ΢΢һ¡
Ϸֻûп˵Ķòңôҵǹ¶ĸҲزסԺ󱻸Ҹˣ罫ҵ׸ϡ
⻰һôҲ뵽ռ̫̫Ȼǻۣһļҵռ̫ƽ
Ϸ˵űӻóһĺӣ˵ռҳ۩ǵһܱ߼֮⣬صĿ󳡺̺ŵƾ֤Щ׸£ֻܰһռңǹ¶ĸһ·ռҺһ·
˭֪ռ֮˵ܳΪһңڳΪ٣оռҳ۵ĲƸѾøɵйˣĹƲ˻ӰһľõˣռƲľö
һռҵԹ㷺Ҳмׯ԰һ̶άۡƻһʱ䶼رŵľǣո˽һٶĽ۩ǵһֻСһ
˵ЩռңʱҲǲ˽ԿɵģҲҪٸſԡô꣬ЩһֱոУҲոһԴҲҪһʽˡȻճôһ֮ʮЩ۵ĲƸѾԸɵй
û뵽Ϸ˻ύô䣬һȫ˳Ҳֻһ̸ֱ˵ĶҪˡ
ϵЦѹѹסϷ˺ƻ̬Ҳޱȵĺá
Ѿó˳⣬Ǳ֤ռҲʳˣ˵һ仰¡
˹һһڹĳغͽţ˶һɣһЦ֪ռҵΣǳ׵Ĺȥˣ
ȥЩȻۣЩѾɽ󣬾ٺãҲܡ
οҲռϵĶʧ޴󣬵Ҳʧ˿οЩռҿɵĽԼˣֻٲֽЩϾһˡЩǮǴɿµ·ֲЩʧ
ǱûҵȻ˲Ҳռݳ޿󣬶ҳˡ
Щ󳡶ҲͲƽЩˡ
˸߸˵ĻסǰŸյʥּˡ
ݺܼ򵥣ǷȥճһźȻֻǿոĵλһ¾Ͳһˣһ壬˹
˰ܿһһƷھ⵹ǻЩô
ռһլӣʣµıһЩп޵Ľ鱦
 

ʮ ͻ

˵֮󣬼ֱ˾ò˼飬˭뵽ռϷ˾ȻȻѽ͡
һЩ˾ռɵ͸ˣҲ˾Ϸ˴ǷǳźЩ˾Ѿŵ׼ϷռҵЩˡ
Ѽӷ˲˵Լһ˭˵ĿɽԳݣЩ˶Ҫˣ
ܱô룬ռٴΰ֮󣬾ͱԽĵ͵ԾƻʼӼ
Ҳ͵˲죬һʥּ춼˲
ҪռҽҲ֮˵ǰ빬㱻̽ȥ
˵һ˵ȻҲʮ죬̽Ļӵľȡ
ƻĻ£ͬˡ
ģЦЦ˵ǰ޲ͬ⣬ΪռҼҵ̫󣬶ֶƻôʵԺռҿơڲһˣŮ֮ôһݼҵ˭ȢƻҲ൱ڵõռһļҲ㣬˭ҲȢ
лʳȫѾµԭ裬Цһȴûбֳôĵģ
̿ģֻԴΪ֮󣬾Խ˿͸ˣϵЦƺࡣ
̵ûĵط룬Ǿһеģ
ޱּͻ顣˵
迴,׼أ
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˵ʣΪռ˼ɵ׼ҲˡҶãռ֧ıȷʵɺޣɰ׼߶մ̬ȸӵĿɺޡ׼ۿıûκεĵֿۿƷûΪṩһҪ֪׼ҿǵڶ壬ȻܳƵϵڶܱռҲȥʿǧҪġ
һҲ΢΢ɫ˵ĺеҲڷΰ׼ȥˣޱּǰ׷ĲǲĸԸģ
ʣҪȢ׷Ϊò޸ߵܡߵûȢޣ޹ȥҲһ΢ŵһ˿⣬Ҳһ˿Ц
ߣǸЩΨΨŵŵĶӣüĿо¶ֲϲ
˵֪ڵʲôð׼ϣð׷޸ߵܡֻҪߵܣҲ˰׼ҡ
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˵ڵʵа׼ҵ֧֣ҲΪ塣
̳һ˲ŵͷҲã׼Ǳ߻Ҫˣּȫˡ
ȴҡҡͷ˵δ̫ˣּߵΪүٸͻ飬Ҳ˳ˡ
㿼ǵȫֵͷҲӵ͡
ڵضΪ֮ڵ죬ͻʥּˡ
ͷųϢҪʻ̫Ӻͻ飬ֻѡû͸¶еĹ嶼ΣϣܹԼŮ
ȻһЩҲһ£пʵҲǼҶҡ
ռѾյϢ˿ֻŸƻͻʥּҡ
׼ȴҲǾƻѾ׻ˣֽ˴ҲԻҶԾʳ֮ζ֮ϧ޸á׷涼Ӧ̫ѡ
˵гˣһȥռңһ׼ǾԼµûд
ɵּ̫˵үʱǻһʱûзӦү˭̷Ӧ׷Ҫ޵Ĳ̫ӡ
ʹͰ׼˵ɫҲúѿǰ׷ȥֽ̫࣬ǲôʥּ
ּ̫ɨÿ˵ÿ˵鶼ЦһȻʥּݵ׺ǰЦ׼ּл
׺㿴ģҲЩЦ⣬ֽӹʥּּл
ּ̫ĵͷЦӼͻȥˡ
׺Ͻ£ֽ̫࿴ָϽЦݣͷһˣôڲˮȾأ
 

ʮ ּ

ӼһŻȥϸûʱȲˮˡּ̫һЦҲ¶˼ְ
׺㿴ԱߵĹܼʹ˸ɫܼҸϽתĺõһǮ͵
׺ӹڰڵĵݵֱּ̫ߣҵ󹫹ʱ䣬⻹빫¡
ֽ̫ưصĽ£˵ϵЦҲ˼֣˵ô˼أ
׺Ͻһѣּ̫Ҳ˳ưǮŽԼ
֪ô˼׺Ͻûʵ
ּ̫࿴һۣЦ˵Ҳʮֳ谮үģһֱǹĻ£С޹ȥ͵ɣ
׺ĻйҲû״ʲʲôˣֻü⺮һ󣬲Ű˸ˡ
˵ּ̫࣬˰׸Ĵ֮󣬲ûֱӻعյһ
˳ĶŰһ̫ӵ¡
һӰӰ˳裬ʵô
׼ҿŶԻϵּǲ⣬ūٳʱ򣬰׼Ҽͼūϵ˼ּ̫˵ţͳ˰׼ҸǮ£
迴һۣЦЩӦõġ
л¡ּ̫ĸ͡ЩǮȷʵ٣ϣܻĺøУȫһˡ
˵ȥɲѰ׼˵ķӦʵĸ߸ʣҲڸǰıһòµģ
ּ̫ϲʤūףһ޾ϸĸ߻ϵģġ
ȻŹЦЦ˵عȥɡ
̵ּ̫ͷҲĽгֻ̣ȥˡ
뿪֮Ҳ뿪ӣֱȥո
ոҪȰ׸ԶһЩʱ̫ŸոּһĵİʥּݸϷˣȻ
лˣϷ˳мЦЦҲùһǮݸ
̫ȴϽ˻ȥʹʹãӼҲּôأ
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Ϸ˿ȷʵԸգǮһʱҲЩ֪ôźá
ƻǰһЦŶ̫˵ҲոϲӣָɲҪƴˡ
ô˵̫ŰǮˣƻЦ˵˵ռСò˫ȫһȻ鴫
ڹеģĸǮǰװһͲ٣̫￴ҲĶռСϾ̫ˣԺǻʺԺӣǮǸһҲա
ˣ˵ָҪգǲӡ
ˡƻ΢΢˸ӣִӽóһС˵ҵ󹫹ȥ׼һЩСع·ϳԡ
̫һҲЩȣ뵽ռС¾Ȼȫ˵ֻܳϽԽӹ˵лС㡣
ƻЦЦҪ˵ߺһ̫ӵ¼ݵ
⻰һ䣬Ѿ˽Цݡʥּһ£ƻδˣҲҲù˼ʲôּ֪̫໹û뿪ô̴̵Ľո
ϷˣĸϷ˺Ͱܿ񣬡ЩçײˣλҪ⡣
˭ܿϵȸԾȻΣ˵ʲô֪ҡҡͷ
תƻеˣôǵ߻ˣûʲôֵľٶֻ͵͵Ľһƻ
һƻʤǧƻһֻϵĺëҲЩȣֻһ¡
迴ģϽҪȥ
ȴƻɵĶȥˣ̧ͷлľ档
Ҳ⣬ϵЦݵ˼֡
һģһߵֱ̫ʯˣٿԱϷ˺ͰܿϰΪӣ߸𶯣ѾѾˣúܾˡ
оߣ΢΢һۣͣһᡣ
̫иˣĺһѰץĸˡ
Ҹģڻع·ϳԡƻ̫ĹЦ˵
̵̫ͷиϽҡҡͷе˳ȥūŲҪСС㻹ջȥɣ
ԭǸ׼ģÿƻ˵ţһۡ
Ĳ鲻Ը˵ţŤŤʲôӣ
 

ʮ һе

ָ̫Ͻ˻л̫ӵ¡
лʲô
̷̫ӦתͷƻĸлС㣡
ƻҪ˵ִ̫˵Ͻعʸĥʲô
⻰̫಻Ҷռµ뿪ˣ
ƻֵһۣòлڹǰˢһˢøУЩȫƻˡ
ҪԹ߶ţôΣ㶼ûи׼㣡
ƻһ⻰һġ
Ϸ˸ɿȵɤӶеˣŶͷʾܿҪϽ뿪ط
ܿҲЩΣƻһۣȻϷ˳ȥ
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һЦͷϿٵһ¡
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ھͱĻ֯һԡյǰв˵
ƻһż߹ˣϽ˵̫ӵӢ䣬
⻹࣡õ˺һ˵ǵĲҵģ
֪ˣƻЩҧгݵ˵˽ˣŷʲôŶǼٵģ˸ǸƤĺ꣬ӸԶǲ
նҲͰˣϲϷŪ˵ӣôصôģ
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迴Ĺĵģֻÿɰˣ̲סһỬָЩ֣̲סһѣ
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Ϊŭ۽Ƿ죬ˮϴҲˣʱ۾ǴŹӣҪĻǶˡ
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һҲһ㣬Ͻ˵ҸմӰ׼ҳ㣬׼εķӦ
ƻԶһЩʵ׼ʲôӦ
ʲôӦȻʮֲ鶼ûпס¸Ǳ߻Ӽɵ׼ˣ費Ըôƿʹǰ˶˻Ҫƻǰա
ƻҲʹ׼ҿ²ôưոݣһԼѣп㲻ʲô
Цһǰ׷Ҫˣҵ˻
ҪӣҲ֪ǵڽҲһѡ˵ˣƻǰ
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ԭ裬ͻȻֱסһƻϡ
ƻһԼȻϣҲ֪յĻģ̱ͨ졣ĳʶôˣ軹ǸƭӣɫѸģ
ſңƻ߳һ
᲻÷ſ˵ͦõģ˵Żյƻš
̬ûʲôĶƻըˡֱӵͷһҧסŷſ
ƻϽվϵ·ŭܲһ㣬ȻлԼǻûأҪ˿ʲôӣ
𵶵ϣԼ󣬵˵жֻۣ΢΢Щ飬˳Ÿ첲鵽ŵǼᣬƻζ۾
ʲôǲѾлԼ뿴ǿˣҰͲ˶֪Ժҵˣ
ƻ˲䱬죬ôǵ˿෢ô£úÿѵû
㣬㵽׻ܲܺú˵㣬͸ߣƻһָԼС࣬һֲΡΡָ
һͷߣһûԵأ
㣡ƻˣΪлԼܺΪҪǸ˵ˣһٽոһŲţ
һ̧ܿҲ̫ˣϽЦҾǿЦôƻˡҲ˺òã
ǵĵ𣿣ҲʲôϣôԽԽûһˣƻ̲ס΢ŭ˵
ãã֪˺òãԺҲˡϽ˫˵
 

ʮ 滮

ƻйˣһ
迴ˣϽ˵ƻİˣԸһʱҸͿƲסҪ׽ôҵ׽ôܣѵ˵㲻𣿡
ȻƻӦ޸֮һֱǳĿģȴûƻ˵ϲֻ
ƻдż־裬֪Ҫˣʲô
ƻشЩˣϽ˵ƻ㵹Ƿ㲻ĲңϲҰɣ
ƻ־Ҫȥ±һȥֻüǲô׵óѵģ
ƻ΢΢üͷһ㲻ȷоͿҪˡ
ƻĲŷĲǿЦҲĵĲҲôǿ𣿣ûһͻϷŪңҪ̫ſģûŰΪʲôܿ㣡
Ȼ˼˵Ŀ⻰̫ģˣ˵ҵ˼˵Ҳңǲǣ
˭һ飡ƻ˴Լĸ첲һܲ˵ӣ˵׼ҵҲÿȥܣںˣֵԽԽãҵҪǵײ˶ٱûʹ
øǰ׼ҵ飬ƻһȷеĵĻش𣬵ƻ͹ⲻ˵ȥҲû
뿪ʱƻҲ׼һеĵģԼУԼеȻѾ䵽̫Ĵ׶Ҫˡ
ͻʥּ춼Ȼ󲨡Ϸ廹ãհҵһ̶ϣϷеĹ棬Ҳ˻϶ǵӣȻûֵԼǶҲ⡣
ǱȴԹ̫һûţȻ̸ӵϷ壬ֱ˱棬ôܵˡ
ǵڶ糯ʱڴϱ㳳ǲֱӶ̱ﲻ˳ϷϣϷ嶼ˡ
ϷΪϵĴͻҲ˵ԱҲ˿һһȥ˵Ҳʼûй˼ɸǳ
̿ŵµˣֱüͷ죡
һ˸ûֻһӴһȫ죡
ͣˣôһͷ˵ˡ
ַüͷűЩ˵ʲôĴ˵Щӣ
ûһ˸վ˵ʲô
ǵһ¿վһߣһ仰û˵ԼҼԴΪ̫֮󣬱ԼΪ׵˼
ԼҼȻҲܵΧߣҲûмڱֳĬ߳˵Ϊ³˫̫ӵ¼ȻҪȢ̫ѲҲȢˡ
ѡ˵˼ҲҪӱѡ
˵ȻһЩŻϵʥּѾѡѾȷڸģЩϦĵ˼϶Ȼͬ⡣
һ˵ֻҪһλãҲȻ֣֮ǼȻ߹ԷҲǾƣٱ֤ƽ⣬һǿһƵΡ
޻úÿǵģ¾˳ɣ˵ҲҪ˵ʲôֱ뿪˴
ְ˹ȥ޿ĹİհҸ𿪣ѹҵΪʲôȺ˾ֻԼ棬Ȼ糯Ͼ͸Ҹô֣޷죬޷ˣ
û˵˵ûдЩ˸ԭЩûʲôֻԼ棬ûаǷ
ҲǷ߷ߵģ̵ҲûôˣĻȥһЩЩȷʵԽԽˣ
⻰֪ûаԼ˵Ļһ£㵱һҲûзϣԵ˼άѾʶľãĹԻҳϵģӵġ
ɾЩˣó͢ԽԽԭһγЩȻʹҲҲʹеõ
˵һЩ飬뵽ѡ飬ȴû˵黹ԼĺãϾƻӦҲϱˣһӦҲν
ˣͲùˣȥɡ˵
迴ֹ׿Ҫѡ飬ǿӦлûоϣ˾ͻ֪ʱپܾˡ
ɲ룬˵뵱Ȼ˷ǳصĺ
 

ʮһ ת

ͻʥּ֮󣬶Ըĳ˵һֱƻΪѵɵĳҲ˵
յϢĵһʱ䣬ֱȥո˶Ѿڰ·ˣ˻
ͻȻƻĸˣһµ˶ûУĴͻʥּҹȥƻҲҲûʲô취
ɱͷֱȥ˻ʹ
Դ豻Ϊ̫֮ĵλҲͬն˵ֻǻϵĳȴ̫ӵĸԺ̫
ĸƾӹˣȴû̫֮λʱӽԼҵϵǰˡ
ֻ۰ֶŮǲĽ˾֮⣬ùŮ˽
޵ҲȻһ£ҲݹҲ˺üꡣ
΢΢һ£һЦݵĹϲְһٿ䡣
Цų֣Լߣ˵ЩӲСѾͷҲԽԽˡ
ɶֶŮﻰǵĿߣ˵
ҲȰͷҴСųģõС˼ùغܣǲΪԼ飿
ɿеЦĻ̵ס̵ùãҲ֪ҴСԸǼ޸ҲҪ̫֮λǣȢˣﻹǷǳܡ
ɣⲻҵ飬ֻհҵĵŮУѡһΪ̫ı˵
⻰ҲһЩԭ
˵һˣռСҲȢģҲ˵ԨԴ¾λСˡ˵
üͷôû˵֮ʲôԨԴûƻ
ƺĸŮ񶼵½
֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬ԭô֮ǰʶˡðôΣգһ·ĸŮ춼һ·໥֣ͬʹࡣ
ƻΪʲôأ飬Ȼﻰ˵˳
ģ΢΢һ̾Ȼʮ۰ֶŮҲռҶ˵ζʲô̫֮λĺã˵ȫġ
Ͼ˽£Ҳ޿ɺǡ˵
ˣֻ㶵ĵͷȴ÷ǳµĻšİƻԼѣȻҲû̹ףƾƻĴôܿϲأȻʲôû˵ǲԼѡ
Ů˵ļֶô£ΪеŮӣЩģһѾͷʲô˵ģڸѡ㲻ķ涼ʺϵġȻһԼҵʵǱڵռǿϺܶ࣬ǲȥ
ô˵һϲϵĳҲȥ࣬˼ֽߣͷ˵ˡ
֣Ц˵һˣʱһ㣬ͷβҲǸˣ
ԿٵĿһۣȻлϲ˼ֶƻΡҲǣиүүﻹйùûţҪƻûǿȥࡣھԺҪɷҪֳȥһˣЩƻĲȫʧˡ
ɫ࣬Ҳһ˵ЩἰĻ˷˰ͳȥˡ
˻ʹϵŤӣȥոúõĺƻһģҲŵϣԺܹúദ
ȴֲ֪ôƻĴһܴ
˼ȥֱӻԸŻǵȵʥּ֮ٸƻú˵
һϣϵһԺֵٳٴ硣
ʽĹϾͬȥ˲ǸеŮ죬ȻҲпͣ󲿷ֶСȥٵġ
ȻƻͰ׷Ŀһ߱Χ˲ٵˣжˣĹμ
ƻΧ˶˲⣬ԱŮĵǲںǣΪʲôҲƺڶȴлҪ˵ӡ
ֻΪΪϱĶŻҺԼߵ̫ƻ⣬ҲûзϣֻһһһġϾ˺ܶ飬Ҳһֱûм棬ʵҲкö໰Ҫߡ
 

ʮ ܻ

Ȼˣǰ⻹㣬˻԰С
ݲͬգٳǸͽĺûᣬ԰õʮֻɴ֣ܰڵʻеģ԰ڳڴ졣
Ҳڲûʵͤ졣
ЩĲɣĿʱʱƻϿ
˳ߣҲڹ۲ƻһ֮˵񶼵һŮòҲʮ浾Ҷӿеˡ
мεջߣĸЦ
ӣǻе̫Ӹеءûв´˵Ǹ˰ɣȻεЦţȴƻӡ㲻ϺܺãǿôɵӣƻһĻܰȵԳӡ
ҲԼЩˣҲֻЦЦûнĻЦŰѻˡ
ȴ飬˵ҲһúӣԺҲҪһ㣬̫
һ⻰̾Щԣǲ׷ʣǱ̫͸ߺһϼݵ
ٳΪ˱ʾӣȻҲҪվһվȻֹվһվô򵥡
ٶͤк˼ƣûҪ뿪˼мֲõԤС
Ȼ̽˵޹һҪ
˵㿴һԱߵ̣ʥּǧˣʵگԻԼС£ѣΪ̫Ӳ̫ͬ飬մˡ
ʥּ̱ɫ̿ƻȻûʲôüۣһõľƻίôԼίܣ̾վҲͬ⣡
ԭĻϲɣһ⻰Ǳ˵ͷһˮĿ裬˵ȥбѾˮ
ƻҲЩȣȻּⲻҲΪӦΪζֹűɫ»Щʱ躰ôһ䣬ٻͷҪ޳ģֱ޲ȥס졣
Ի·ﻹûбܻϲʶþɶҲʮֵĲ赱ô棬ɵӣԺôЩǰ߶
û˿ĬԽǳʹɫɫԽᶨ˵ʣȢɡֻݵƻһҲֻȢһˣȢֻǶ˵Ĳƽ
֪֪˵ʲô̿˿˾ȵģͺ
Ȼͷȴֱֱûһ˿Լ˵ʲô⻰ҲǶ˵˵ģںܾ֮ǰԸƻȢҲֻһһһ˫ˣ
㣡̱˵ʲôǶۣ㡱˰Ҳû˵ʲôֻݺݵĵһۣĺöӣ
ֺγô˵棬ֲѵ裬ֻ˵ĸٳԺ˵Ͽ㸸ǣ
迴һۣ뵽֮ǰ˵ĻεѲ˸ϵһֱϣܺԼǣƫƫЩʧ
ⲻ䣬¸ζһּ֮Ҳ븸ջسֹһ֣˵
̱ûԭҵŮ춼ʱΪ̫Ӳȳ˱ҲƽϢǵĲ˭ͳôһ
µʥּô˵ջؾջأǰҪ²̨»𱱷ĲǺ޲ֱɱ裡
õĴôãȲܸ𸴣ֲܴ裬Ҳֻдһӣֱŭ뿪ˡ
ߵĸɴ࣬һ˴ô̯ӣ̣ȻҲ޼ƻ
ڹȻмƽϣҲ̫¶ʲôŸոտʼ΢Ҳüȥ
һᣬҲܲˣֱϯܵ˵Ľ
ûʲô˼ǵĺϲ裬ƻһôôģܾ˴ͻ鲻˵ϯһûиȫ̶ŵĿƻһᡣ
Сһ𳤴˵ĸҲһֱȲƻѵֻΪһ𣿣
 

ʮ 

ضƻһɺ⣬ôģ
ļʻɶӵʱͻȻһŲ
̻ͷһ˭
׷һ£ӰӺݻ˳
㣡ɲԸ˿ԼЦĨϵˮĿǿƻƵݣֱ޼ˣ޲óȥץ
׷еɱ⣬ȴЩõЦС㣬ҿͬ㣬ǸɵãôҲƻˣתǸ㣬ϲԼ׽ˣ
ʲô˼֪ǺöǸĻȴʮֵĽ⡣
û˵ǸãһֱϲǸӣ֪ӲӸ˹ȥȻûеóѣǿҲ߻˵Ƿˣĺ׷ҡˣ˵
̴˵ƻˣ
ǣ׷Цһϲ飬춼˶֪ΪĺֱܲƴӣͷôƣǺǣСҲ̫ȵˡ
о𣬲ѾȫĻʱֻҪᣬ߿Ϊǿƻ
ȴһֱֵƵᣬѯʵʱҲЦһЦͲ⡣װڹ裡Ļʵ̫ˣ֪Լϲ裬ȴԼǰǰ㣬ڳԼҫԭһֱɵƵıŪ֪ڱôЦԼأ
ԽԽԽԽޣвֹɱ⡣
һɱģ׷Ҳֻ֪ԼеĿǴˣЦһ˰
˭룬ոתһ䣬ƻЩеģһ񶾵һЦǵȫѹ򣬽һУ
*׷Ӧȥƻ
ƻֻǿδشĴɣѾЩ衣
׷ЦЦҲ⣬ֻԼָָ˵ҸղŵСˣ޵ÿأ
ƻķһۣùܺԼҪ£
׷Цһֱƹ뿪ˣȴתǴͣ˽Ųй۲Ķ
ƻЩ꣬ҲûĽŲͻȻͣˣֻŽǰȥ
ǽЩԣƻ˵С㣬쳡ϲԣҪǻҸԼСú̸̸ɣ
˽죬Ǹңƻҡҡͷִ˵ִôҲΪǱʶѣԲʲôĵ
ͻȻѣĽβǰһ̣ɼɾԲ˺
ƻͼɽͣûаķֻܿŽԼ
зĽȴһƿλεĽͲĺġ
ƻڷӦһѷס񣬿ûĽ̾Щˡôɱֵľеλã࣬úϡ
ִоȡûҽеûضûеĹŴ
ֲѾ档
ɿһĻҲˣŵĿԼ֣ǲԼôôµ
ϹʱǰôһһȥסƻĽʵô£
ƻǲŻعδſڱѾ˳񣬽Ҫˣ
̩ɽǰ治ɫƻȻĿţĺݺݵľ££һȻģȰͻռңòã
˵ţݺݵĹһ£òҪųȥ
ɻһ飬ûмôµӣֱֱһİˡ
ߣҪɱɱƻȴͻȻеҪȥץɣ
֪־һס֣ŭ
ɱôһһһ㣬ܿˡ
̳尵һŵ㣡
ȴڰ˳ﻹŶİ׷ӣô
ôҽ𣡡ԭͷ̳꣬ŭ
翴һƻˣҲ˵ʲô˰
豧ƻȻոòãһŵĵطûС
 

ʮ 

ƻӶǽҪˣҪʧȥˣΨһˣҲû˵ʲôֻʶĵͷ
˰ոϹȥ
ƻҲѾˣֻʧǵıŽ񣬲ô壬Ը֡
Լû뵽Ȼѽ񿴵ôءԭͲֹʱˣûôǿҵ֣֮˵ߣˣˡ
οôѵʱ򣬾͸һֱǰ߽ãͺܾ֮ǰѾǵ£һˡǰģҪÿ˶ҵҸһ۵Ŀɰţȴһ취ûУ
ͣĵո迪ڣƻ㱧ŽֱӳոУ߱ߺ׼ˮƣһɾķ䣬һӵĵƣȥ
ԴУõҩϰ˵ľҲѾʮںڰĿҲܺáԸһС˿ڣһҵһܾȻ
˿ģҲˣ˿ͣ٣ܿ㶼Ҫ׼ˡ
Ϣİ׷̴˸˹ƻǺӣһ
ô£ܿ衣
跳ץץͷҲ֪˵ֻԼô˶ˣ
ܿûʳҲĲУֻǧҪϷˣʹˣɾôڡ
һ׼ãƻֱӱ˽ȥ˷źãתͷְѷˣһĻᶼûС
˭ֻдһ
ƻŲһϢĽһֻ͵ץסһֻ֣Ȼ;ܻţ
Ƚıϵ·¶˿ڣȻˮһ˿ΧþƲϴһߣԼ˫ֶɾ֧ûһĽ
ٵĵ˽ϵļѨֹʧѪ࣬Ȼס͵ذϵӣѪȻû١
ȻóһذףϸþַڻϿȷ˿ڵλã׼µ
ɾʱһֻȴȻס֣ʵҪʲô
ƻ̧ͷ½İȻɰһϲֻðִ࣬ˣҲôģ˵౻УǲѪɾȻ˿ڷϣһģ
½İȻĿ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ңƻȥ˵ʲôֻ˵
½İȻֿһᣬȻذףӵϡ
ʲôƻ̴
½İȻȴŵĴӻͳһ֮Ǹ־СɵĵߣЦһǸǾ˻ɱˣ
ƻЩСɵĵߣȻܱʲôģȴ½İȻȥҪʲôæʵ
½İȻɵĸ˵ᣬֻǽʹʬ壡
ƻȻ֪ΪЩʬ嶼æ˵ġҲһû˿ؾ˺࣬οϻһӦǽʬʱõĵߡ
½İȻϸ룬ᳵ·Ĵ߹·п
ƻַϽˮ֮׼Ȼĵߣϴá
ӰҹӺҹһֱ賿ϵ·ʪ͸ָɣ͸ʪֲ֪˶ãڴǸϸС˿ڡ
ֻ˵ŴҲִҽﲻĶûа취õѪֶֹѪȫ̽ûѪҵ˿Ҳܿ٣ܿԱߵѪܣ½İȻֱպĵ˿ڸˡ
ַƻһִ˶Ŀɿڴһý⴦˿ûѪһģֻһЩ͸һЩ֯ȻһӣѪҺͨҪɡ
Ҫϵڵʱƻ̴һԷһ֮ǰŪ֬ߣΪһ˵ˣϣз˿ڵĶϡ
½İȻȴЩɻĿߣֿһԼ׵˼־棬ߵݹʱҡͷ˵ҿɲᡣ
ƻŷӦרҵҽȻϡֻԼǰҺ֮ǰܿһʱŮ죬˿ڷϵȻôۣٺƽ
һٲ̫˿ڣ̫һҪƽﲻú廨ˡ
½İȻһϵ˿ڣƻҲ˼⣬Ҳʱһ½ĺҲһ
 

ʮ 

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ƻȴ˿Ҳ⣬ֱһѱסҺã㣡
½İȻһһѰƿҪǲǣ㲻裬һҼҽأ
ƻֻ΢΢һЦδתͷȥչ˽ˡ
½İȻӣҲ֪̫ˣûаѸղһϣֻǸԼ뾭ѵʲôʲôϣѧһҽûнӴ飬״֪ģ
뵽߻һȺѾȷˣҲֻðȰ£Ȼųȥˡ
һΧ
½İȻͦŴӵĽأģڻãƻչš
һҲһ
ҽȥؼȵĽҲƻϽ˵
½İȻȴס˵ƻ˽ȥţǶȻȥϢȶˣٹ
涫ûʰã˽ȥῴȻأȴҲԲ׼ܲܽô׵飬ʶĲȥ
һֱδ裬ȥϢ˸߲ĸһҽȥ
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½İȻߵʱ򣬿һ裬ʾƻá
΢΢ͷ㳯Ž˻˻֣صص˵һɱĽ˵
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žͿƻڴߣһֻűӣһֻֽŽ֡
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費һԣֻ˵ͷȷʵµĲᡣϣͻȻ֣ûг׵˽ƻκ鶼ܴߣߡ
ƻҲ֪ıЩţЩʧȥˣ㲻֪ɵѾͷƿʱûһԥ˵ʲôأôԥȥ
豧Ҳܺԥȥ
˵ʲôأƻתͷЩŭ
Ͻ˵ЦģЦģҾǼˣļˣҪôںңϣڴϵң
㣡ƻ̲סһ£ʱͺۿҲǲǣڴϵ㣡
迴ӣ֪ǸżǸøˣϽסúãҲ˵ˣ˵ˣ
ƻòƽȴЩˣĻֿ
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ĬĬĽδĶɨɾȷû֮ܿ󣬲˽ʣµĶɨˡǰƻѽﶼ˾ƣĲϣ££ԼѾͷС£ƻһӣ¶ҪС
֮ռҺָֻһƬƽһֱƻˣȷȶ֮󣬲Ż˹
ع֮Ҳ̴ֱȥ鷿
һʼ鷿лˤŭ֮󲻾ñͣˣ˲̸֪ЩʲôһֱϣŴ鷿߳
ʱЩһȳһյģͷҲ˸ӣһúóͽģ
֮ҲûһҪɵĻ¡
ñĹӵĲֲ裬ʼתͷȥ֧˸׼Ҵߡ
Щƻ񶼲֪һ㣬ԹԼӡ
飬豻һ˼ֺõĲ£æýŲմأ鲻ȥո
ҲһֱȶƻҲû˼Ե飬գڼܹܲĵһЩù
һһֻ˵ӣʲôһȥ½İȻ
½İȻ㿴
 

ʮ 

ƻһ˷ܣ½İȻȴһˣӬһˣˣԶһ㣡
㿴˵ҩúÿܲʲô׵ҩƻҲ⣬һǰա
½İȻһģһԵĽЩõС͸ôԶʲô
أ
ͬĽһһίһݡ
ˣ½İȻһ۽أ˹ȥѹԼıӣ˿гëӣ㵽ڸʲô-
ƻһ˫۾ľϣĿ½İȻ˵ëĨ˵˿棬ֹ˿ã˿ڵϡ֪֪ҩҾ㿴ֶûпڷҩ裬ø֢
˵ʲôʲô֢½İȻƻֹ״ѧЩϡŹֵĶ
֢ô˵أ˵˿ڻãΪ֢ҲǷˡȻĨҩֹ˿ڷףǶ˿˵˿ͿĨҩȫҪͨڷҩѪҺУͨѪҺѭõɱЩϸƻ˵ֿ֮½İȻ˵𣿡
½İȻֻһӵƻ˷ҲһȴˣҲȻԼһɵӡΪʲôҪһ˵ЩԼһ֪Ķһִ˶֪ôȡùأһִҽѧûнӴˣô֪
ҡҡͷ͵ҷ˰ɣȻҲ˵ķӦŷù뿪ˡ
½İȻĻǲǷˣһԵĽȴжֻᣬС۽񡣡
½İȻɵҲͷ⻰ǳϣûмһĸΪһѾ߰Լġ
һȥΪԭԽԽ䣬ǵʱʱĺãҲƻ̫С½İȻҩ֮һֱĵĸȾûзһһ
һ֮󣬽ѵʱҲĶȻŲǾ񻹲Ҳܸü֡
ԼܻƻĹͣҲæǰæ󣬶ΪԼʲôû˵ҲʲôûʡͺãƻʲôԼξͺá
ΪԲٴִԼѾȥźƻһ˫ӣһһģѾͷòȻ࣬Ըȴʮǧ
ΪԸȴЩֱˬΪõĽȴгǸ
ƻֻǽԼһ飬ûа˻վԼǰͬı飬Ҳһ۾ܷ
½İȻԴʮֵľ棬׷ôġ
ƻʵһĪ˾ǲһΪʲôִ
½İȻһһȫֲѾߣľƻһ˦뿪ˡ
ŭ뿪ƻҲĪǲǽֲãҲŪʧˡ
ʣƻ˵ԭ򣬡ǿǵòҿǵ񡣽˵ȳϣȴĮлһ˿ݣһӣһǶߣô˵ˣôܻϴأ
˵й۲ˣ֮ҲҲû˴
һһĹţת۱졣
һСӣСӹ죬ƻСϲĲˣһпվͱöһԵ͡
½İȻֹһεĶ˵ôϲСôҲһ
ӵƻϵȻȴ˭롣
ƻȴûԾõ½İȻһۣȻ׹ȥСӣС㿴춼Ҫˣ
ιٽҶСӣ˼Դ½˼Դ½İȻš
ƻŬŬ죬СƢ̫ˣԺҪǸ㣬͸˵Ҳһúýѵ
ȥСӣȫҶӣ½İȻܻĴС
ȻյϷˡܿ衰ơЦݡ
½İȻ˿ǣֱסأĴУ̫۸ˣ
һֱڸĽظ֪ʲôֻͷССӣ
½İȻ̧ͷһ񣬲û޳
˿ӣ˿ûͬĵĹЦСӶԼС׹Цͣ
ֵǺܶݣڶ죬غ½İȻ·ҽˣιôҲñȥЩϼһǿһ
һ᲻ã½İȻСӿɾ͸˻ˣСӱƻˡ
 

ʮ ϲ

Ҳһ·ȻָĺܺãϾ˲ˣ˺ܶ࣬ҽȲʺ
Ȼһֱ޵ֱ飬ƻǺȥԭҪúУƻţԼвסֻԼԶһ㣬Լġ
һˣոһûСĿ˴롣
˶Щʧ䣬ƻСӣ뵽ֱûֺС;ʧ䡣
ߣҲһСӡ
ƻһؿڣһ
踧Լؿڣ޺޲ðѻǰһ£Ѿͷ֪֪ǲ
Ǳʲôƻ˲
ҲЩΣֻ˵һжãĻǰ棬ﱸأ
һ˲ٵĺôǲ³ƻЦһ治̫⣬ֻֻҪúãǻ
ôĺܣЦ˵ģѾ׼ˡˣǼҽӦˣ֮ǰǿҪһǵϲˣ
ļٵģƻЩȣû뵽绹е㱾£
Ҳ˭ĵɡ
ƻһۣϣ粻һɸɵӡ
ɵ˲ɵ跴Цøá
ڶ̶̰ʱǾĺ˵ϲơ
Ϊݵԭ򣬲ոޣƻ߸һլӣð˷ļױļ޹ȥˡ
޵죬ƻޣһ˵Բһ˵лл
ƻж֮࣬ҲЩ˸Уһתߵ˶ߵĲˣСĽ񶼼ǣżˡ
ûʲôģֻܸ׼÷ļױǾҲķģ÷ҵ˿
һܾһЩʵıĸ첲ţҲҪԼ޳ȥ
Ȼϲʤգ޸ҰɣԼ޸ҡ
ǵڶ죬֮󣬿žԼ׵촽ݺݵˤһ֧ӣ˵ҪƤ
ϰΪԱ߸յƻĽ˵˸˺Ϸ˵һ˵Сͷۣȥ밲ˡ
Ӻһʼûʲô˼ŷӦ̺ܳȥˡ
֮󣬰Ǳ߱ճˣû˱ȽĸʺǸλãǱ߽У˵òֵĽ͹ƻպšʹ
ƻ۲˼죬Ѿͷʲô鷴ӦģҲȻӦһ㣬ҲҪϷŪͲȦףҲ֣ӦΪö࣬Щ޵˼
û˼죬Ļڱ㵽ˣƻصڲݵĶ¥һ䣬Ű׷˻Σ߽С
Ц룬˼ȻǰôĥءĲߵһ𣬽ǡԲϣܹúϣɲҪȥˡ
Ϊ̫ӣȥҲվվ㲻ͷֱ뿪·ƻˡ
ôӺòÿƻ٩һ䡣
°ͺϸһ£оʹ仨ࡣ
仨ǰܿ·߼һڻӵŷϲ֪ĸȱµĻһСʱ򻹲ʲôڳˣ˿Եú
̫ӵ£ô˵Ҳ̫ûпڵ˰ɣû仨ĸܣƻϣЦðֱ
ʵòϣ԰׷òЩһЩģϾ̫˵׷úʵһ㶼ϣŮ˸һĵطΪҲѲ˵ʡ
ȴͻȻںˣ˭ϸ仨һŮˣԼ
ƻĸ첲ѵһ˻ľǡ
ԭֻⶺģȴû뵽ȻЧԼգϲ̵룬ȻûһŮ˲ںԼòֻԺҪ˵ģ
֮ƻĻڣҲˡ
ǰͱ㿪ʼ׼ùԼٳ֣ǲ׵ʱʹѾŵƽʣǽ·һ鲻˵Ĵŵĺӣýƻһȣȴޱȵۡ
˵Ų⣬ʵҲڴˣǣ֣һں̺ϣҪС
ǺܺõĿסԼνǱ٣ȻڽĴ٣٣Ǻһӡ
 

ʮ 

ܿ죬Ů㽫޵
մŴ¡أϸǴױԵøׯ࣬ڵе
ŹŮƻҲòϣܼٴΣƻһֳʱľޡ
ƻĿбӣׯص񣬡ݼ밲
ԭϤеڣʱһֻǸĻȺַŵλöֺ˰쾹ûѰһ˿
㼰ʱתһ룬ȻûѰһͺˡ
ƻҲǾܹüֵĴĥⷽҲ¹๤˿վʱҲŵס
ֻǣ⻹ЩʧϾҲ֪ҲĸףϾҪףȻҲϲ׽ֻϣܹгദڿɲôġ
һӣͻȻӦĿһƻߵĹŮǳռСôҲңһȺ
ŮȻҿһֻЩֵ̿ĵصͷ
ֿƻ˵СɣʱղŴһûСѾˣȺȻҲ֪ѱ㿴Цˡ
ƻĻָվˣ΢΢һЦ˵ˣﲻСŮϢͺá
СȻͨЦתת˵ѽ⾱ӣϴ׹ˣ֪С䣬֪ܸܲһ
ƻƲ죬ͰĦйϵҲû˵ȥĦӪģж˸첲ʱ㡣
СŮҡô֪ǹѣƻҲֻи̣ȥӡ
ƻɫˣǰϸĺ͸ƤЩʡ
ҲǱ춼һˣʱҲûôõƤӡ
ƻָ˸ӣˡ
ͷʾ߹
ƻߵ࣬ӣɸһ£ͽһ
㣡ôôأǱĲӣɲȭɳ˵
ƻӲ뷭۵ĳ嶯ֹסȻЩŵģˡСŮСġ
俴һۣû˵ֻʾ
ƻֻ÷Сĵš
û£߳ôСʱûԷǲǣӵûС
ƻ΢΢ҧСŮڴһ㡣
û£Ͳͷİڰ֣ˣôС¶ã治֪ô̵㣬ôźþ裡
ƻЩ䣬Ȼû˵Ƿ˵ûн̺˵ʲôҲͰˣﲻ˵ź裬޸ѵҪȥźģԸ⣬Ҳøź
Ҳڳ֮ǰֵúѿֻҧˣ˵ѵǣƻúøѧá
⻰˳ӣôűŤɫҲÿȻָָһСϵĲ裬Ħᣬ˱аɣ
ƻȻӦ£Ȼ󽫲豭Ȼ˫ֵݸûʲô
˿ЩԸĽӹ˲豭һ̵i趼ˣ˸֮ǰͲ֪һ𣿣
ˮɽ⽦ƻһ֣ǰҲ˲١
ƻҲ΢üͷܸܵˮȵģҲ̫ˣ
üͷ˵ǲǣΪռǸңû뵽СԳĽ̵̬ȣп⣬һʮֲ˵
ƻչüͷ˵СŮǶѵʲôֻвˮ۾ˣСŮ
Լǰǫˬǵ⡣ƻ澡ʧ˵ԼҶûǸֶŮ۵ˣƻ裬ֻȢһôܻڵĽ
ʵǺˣͲ޸裬ƫһ˼ҪȥȢֲġһֱһɻ𣬽Ҫúóγ
ɲСֳԼ
ƻӣ˵СŮٸﻻһ衣
ҲָֺֻϣˣȻȥû׼Ҫˡ
һ²裬ȷ¶֮󣬲ֶ˸СŮԹˣ¶ãòУСŮٸﻻ
һ⻰ֱɫôǾñڹǲǣ㻻һ裬ǲ̫ˣ
 

ʮ ˺

ƻ̲סĥ֣Ĳõϣף־ʺʲôﾳ
ˣСŮֻϣ⣡˵
һ豭֪Ҳ˵Ѿͷݲղȹٺò裬ֻŲ֪Բ١
һڣ㣬Ϊѵ룬ܻЩô
ֺ̲ס˼ڣһѾˣſտյĲ豭һ˿Ρ
װİѲ豭ݸƻ˵ô죬˵ıڸģ
ƻ︹̣һҲҲû˵ʲôֻǰѲ豭ŵһߡ
ҿƺһٸ⣬־Ǹģﻰ˵˳迴ʲôǿҪ㣬ɫվá֪㱧ʲô˼ռҲ˥ˣ˩ž裬ܻռҡ
˵һ㣬ƻͺһ㣬ֻͷҲûз
˵Ҳ룬ռҶ˵ҲûˡԼܰ࣬㻹ȰȰ裬ȢɡһƷУҲῴ˺ռҵģʱĲ㡣
ƻɫ˵ĺɫˣ˩衣˵һ꾫𣿣
˵ռûãռûãҲһֱڰ֧裬ҲΪô˳ĳΪԼңձ̲¼֮⣬ʲôĲ
ɣǰΪѶȢɾȻҪɱϽûɱѾǿǰˣȢǳԼˣ
ȻըҲǣ˵ܶСŮʲôᣬǻµּȢȢԼСҲ̫Լ˵㣬ҲֻһССС㣬ô뷨
ԼƲĸɸɾﻰҲǾܾЩŭˣѾӸ˵ôˣʶô˱ĶˣǾûмһк³ģʵ˵ˣͲϲ㣬޸ҲӱõϿɣ
󣡡ƻ䵭Ļ֡
һռСĿɣ·֪ģǲ֪ƭˣþҲڵӣԼҪȢĵǸʲô⣡
Ȼô˵ˣƻҲԲίԼ̧ͷﲻòģʲôһˣδҵģұδ˵ģȻôңҲװģ۵ģ
ð㣡ȻôԱ˵첻úýѵѵ㣡
ɶ֣ʱ̫ʹ˵ǵҪҳǧҵⱻȻ˺ƻҲûкù˼ģ˹޿ֵ˵
⻰ģνæû֪衣
ûֱȻþѹ㻹޷ˣ
ƻҪ˵Ů˵ˡ
û뵽ƻݣǰ裬һɵˣ̾˰֣˽
ɽʱЩæҲ˵ټƻŸϽ˹
ԴӴֲɱ˽֮ʼҲܻҲʮھΡɺ˵ûˣǵھҲɢˡͬʱҲƻˣ뵽ڱӶƻģƵɱģӶˣ
ֵܻǷ꣬ԼҶ˴ǣŶ̧ͷԼǰзģǶƻ֮ǣûͣôز
˵ټƻһ溦ҲϲƻһҲƻѵҪɱ鶶˳ӡżҴҵĸϹ
һɫ㲻ϺܺãǱˣһĵƻȻǸҲϲ
ùãôӣҲƻ֮ʵ
˵Ϊ˵һ飬ŭǵúúýѵɣ
͹ùö֣ȻѹùֶŮҽѵѵ˵ţſƻ
һ˫ӣвһӿһŭǰװһôܻ
Ҳ룬ӼҲҧˣοƻԵǳˣ
ȻܴɿߵĴŮһۣŮһݸ
 

ʮ 

һ޵ʲôñùĲһѹǽװõĽϺͽ϶˱ʯ
ƻôһѽЦϺзˣ
Ȼûбֳɻǿеӣһóýָŭƻ㿴ʲôطݲſ񣡡
ҲǺ͹˵һЩﻰ㣬ôǰ赸ŪǹֶŮݣԼ⹬ҲܺаԵˣƻ¶벻м
ƻ֮ᣬɺ޾ͺĶȻű˵¼Ҫɱ
ҲýͣˣͲѡ
ɼææϹĿʲôýֺͷҲǰ˵ʲô˵ڹеʱɱѾߣ
Ҳ룬ҪôѾ춼ˣڹף㲻Ҳ٣أѾȫˣҲͰˣôҴҵĸڿҪѵԼ
㣡ŭݣֵı̹ģҽ첻ϻҿ㻹ôţ
㣡ƻ˫΢΢̯һƵơ
ռˣŽֱӳ˹ȥ
Ŵ̹Ľ⣬ƻҲ㣬ֻȽ̹֮͵ֱӶ㿪ˣ̧ߣɵ⡣
ʹһĽ֡⣬һշȵվƻЩȣû뵽Ȼ书书֮¡
ҲЩȣһռҾôһŮúҲӦõģ˵Ǹɣ㣡
ƻǳЩˣĿﻹֶŮ治һˣҹվҪ̫ӳףȴңһ֣֪л̫㾿ǺԼһˣ̫һˣ
ŭ
ƻȴЦһ㼤˵˵ûдֻԼңʲô鶼ΪԼ룬ԼĶӶҪȢԼˣΪĶǰά裬ȴֻɼ޸סԼڳеĵλ̫֮λɿΣķԼңûĴĸܣɳȥ˽ǵĸ飬ô֪Ǿʲôн죡ƾʲôҴ߸ߣΪһôְ
㣬죡ΪǸʲôȻô˵ʵû뵽Ȼô˵ɾˣ޼ˣǾҲ벻һ㷴Ļ
Ϊˣܰƻߣм䣬֮Ѻۿ»ԽԽ
ɲŲƻ˵Щʲôʶƻ˵ʲôƭ˵ģְⷬĻȻҲǼٵģ
Ǳ߳˵ùòҪӣھ;ùó˵ֳƻ˹ȥ
ƻβ飬ֱӭȥƻûƣһʱܽȫסһʱѽѷֻ֣Ӵ˵⡣
Ҳ˳ȥŮߵԶһ㣬ǰŶнѾɱġֻҪϢİɱٰ˸ɾĴǻô
ƻһߵ΢΢üͷǾԲ׷Źˣ
ҲսֻսˣԺֱӴԺҲΧƵƻֻǽǱ߿
ҪǴ򲻹Լ˻˵治֪ôԣ
һѾܵ˹ǽţȥǹڴҲڹϻԼ׷
ɴһƬɽʱ򣬲֪ô£ͻȻһգ澹Ȼ壬Ҫץסأȴǳһ˶׹ȥ
ҧ룬Ϊ˶Ը伫Ȼ嶼ںˣ
׷һҲЩɵۣǿɲ֪ﻹһ塣
ɿնͷ壬Ҳһ
Ҳ˹˶վһץûС
ָָ׵壬˵ƻȥˡ
Ҳ߹ȥ˿һκ⣬ǵȫѹ򣬾ȻԼȥˡ
ǰ˹һ£ڹкһڣû׼ڵģҪԸģû뵽Ȼƻˣ
ȻߺɣǼȻƻȥֲҲֻò֮ˣ
 

ʮһ 

ɿǸ˵ģȻΪȷʵڵģЩʵùãô죿
ʲôô죿һۣпһЦƻһˣ鼱ûзƻѾ뿪ˣ˭֪ȥˣ
̲סüͷǺƻǴγ嶯ˣʵҲûҪɱɱҲǹģֶΣδҲ̫ˣ
ˣûעɵĲͬԸ糡˲˵һ֣ЩǮ㽫˸ˡ
Ҳɻ޵û˵˼ֻ˼䣬ˡ
ȻЩҲûзŵϣ۰ֶŮȻʲô顣
ߺβҲᣬ˵ƻ
һʼҲΪһ壬׹һʱ֮ûеף׹ԲΪڳ塣ԽҲζԽΣգô׹
ѨʮֵĿָұڡֻܻ˫ţԼϴһЩ߶ȣԼٶȡҲڳԸıĽǶȣֹ֮Ȼұڡ
ұڲ⻬Ҫץסһǣٶ̫죬ץסұڵĦҲ½ٶȣֿҪĥõʱһڹסһǡ
ײұϣ޴ĳͷһȣķһʹ
ҧҧȻ㣬һһ
ʵҲûã㵽˵סҲЩ£Ҫֱôһˤϡ飡
׺Ҳɶʮˡص׵ֲָƻĿҲٺãҲֻԼһЩұڵ
ǽţһ飬ϲģⲢһĶѨ·ͨĵطġ
ƻоõܺܳʪȻγɵܶôҲƣ˵ͨܺãҲ˶ſ϶ͨߵĵط
ѾڣվԵڣܸܵпͨ˵··ָһأ
ƻҴæ¾һʱҲ޼ƿʩֻ÷ұķ̫ͷӬһתϢϢһŸԼ˿ڣһ˼
ɰ˿ڣûʲôԲܶ۸˵˲ܶ߳ȥ˵Ұ˵š
ûͷתĵʱ䳤˵ҲʳˮԴô죿
ˮһȻܶȻеˮΪ꼾һβŻûˮߵ·һһǽˮڣһǳˮڡ
ˮͨĻǹеĺҲǸĵˮΣ̫󡣶ˮǱߣȻﶼѾɺԣǱӦҲûˮͨһ㶼ǵرˮӿ룬ˢγɵġҲ˵һͨĶѨˣҲܳȥˣ
ע⣬ַǽվ߽һ·˵·ҲһѨұڣʪ̶ȣϸûˮ
˽ӽһӣ˴𰸡ʪ̶ҪȸղſĶ׶࣬ǰʪ̦ǽҲˮˣ벻Զĵˮˡ
ԭ·˻Ȼ㳯һ·߹ȥȻ࣬һЩµȻˮڡ
ƻߵĲ죬һΪΧ̫ߵ̫죬ܶĴʯˤܻܿˤʯɥһ©ʲôҪ
ţоǰһ˿пϲһ̫СԼĴұ̫ϣ
ãȴڣȷԲĴ̼ӿ˽Ųûöã㿿ˡ
ǿŷ֣ȻڶѨĶˣֻһССҷ졣
ƻǺϲΪ˵ǵ档Ǻܿʶ˲ԣ׹ʱ򣬷׹һʱ䣬˵ӦǺĵصףһ·߹һֱ̧Ҳô͵棬
Ȼ뵽ʹжڵͨĵصԱڷʱܡ
ǵصϱߵӦþǳ֮ĶȻЩЩصҲǻķϵģҵȥ·ĻҲʹһЩ
ǰ˿Ѩǰ죬ǰʲô᲻ֲ·ڣ֪Ҫ߶òҵͨ
ҲʣΪЩصܻܿһЩ֮ĶǱǰǾ취ȥһ
 

ʮ ת

ҺãѨǺܸߣƻʹ̧Ÿ첲ֻܹҲ㲢㱡й߻ѣȴ޴
ͷϣȻһΣͽֶĶôȥʯ
ƻһһϣұϵʯӲȲߣһȥ࣬ɸϲȴӲһЩ˼ΣЧ΢
еļУʼΧѰҡܿһһȽϼʯһʯ
ʯʯϣһ鴷βˣԭʼӺʹӡ
ô˰죬ʯһ󣬵ƻֱȴҲʮ͡Ϣʯ߿ȴɿ
ʯ̫֪࣬˶ٿʯͷʯڴһЩĸָ档Ҳܿʯ֮ϵĶ
ΪŵǳƣȴϷǽϣǶȭͷСҹ顣
ƻ漴ʶֻǵ͵ô򵥣ܿһر⡣
֪һûаֵϲȴӵĵġǲرĵطĻؾͻ࣬Ҳ͸ӵΣա
ڻˣĵʮ˵һر⣬ͨһù
룬ҲôˣƴһҲܺù
Ҳ֪߹˶ʱǲѾ˷ʧˡ
Ѿǰˣ֮ǰڹȺƻĽҵҲƻҲֲܽȥңֻϵ衣
ڴһƻٽˣüͷ̾ⶼѾ˾ȻûгɲΪϲƻôʱ䣬Է
Ƶһߣ̾ͳ޵ȥˡ
ɵ޵һȻ˯һʹŮ˵ƻѾ뿪ˡ
趢ŹŮмֶ˵ѡܿƻȴԼ˵˯ˡ
ƻܿίһҲȲֱӴ˽ȥ
ȷʵ˯ѺϣЩõŻææĴʲôôƻ״ѵˣ
üͷˣӣͲǿѺƻΪƻˡ
ҲûóȻڣֻ˵çײĸĪֻ֪֡ƻʲôʱ뿪ģ
ûشֻԱߵĶŮʹ˸ɫ
Ů̻شС˿һˣ֮˵˼仰Щĸˡ
һ˵䣬ƢҲͰˣƢˣռôģôʹСӣ
˵⻰Ҫ裬ƻΪŶˡ
ȷʵҲЩˣһ˵ĻôǶƻ˵ľ͸ˣǻոˣԸԼҲǿܵġ
ʵҲǱʶãΪĸܲƭƻġ
Ҳ뵽ʶΪƻô࣬Ҳ֮䣬ٴγ˱
Ǻ󻰣˵г֮ʵڷ߲£㿪ʼĴƻһҾȻһ硣
ոǱҲˣܿϷ˶òУҲʼĴѰҡ
һҲعζƻТ˳ҲԲðܿϷΪģҶȥˣ
˵ûĻֱӳ޵Ҳ˲ǣֱʵĸƻȥˣ
˫΢ĿԼһѹĻţ˵ô֪ȥˣʶʲô˼ĸڹвɣһˣǱؾܲס𣿿ңʱеˣǿɶۿƻ뿪ġ
⹬жˣȻǣѾʼǰĸס
֮ǰѾʹгȥؾ֮·ϵ˵ƻѲߵ־ȴһ˵ֻǿƻȴûгȥ
Ǿֻ˵Уһ˵ѡҲʹԼߣȴҲ˵ƻʧٵġ
һιҲΪƻǸƢûкúòһŷɵء
̲סЩţֿе˵ĸ֪㲻ϲƻϾǸָ̫ҲռҵĵŮܶ˶˵ûдĸĹгȥռѾĴңǱҲţˡҲ֪ҲҲҪĸѯģ
 

ʮ Ѳ

裬Ҳԥͷδִܿˡɲ⣬ƻȥûôʱҲˡˣҲܸóеĺóе
ھҧƻ뿪ˣϣʲô취
뵽Ц˵ʶô˵Ǳȷʵǿ뿪ˣʱҪˣҲûа취
㲻飬ҲͲֱ̣˵ȻĸһҧƻѾ뿪ˣǶֻ⹬кúһˣ
ңŭѾ˵ˣѾˣҪʲô̫ӣҲǱĶӣ㵱ҪֲТ𣿣
޶ԣ˵˫۾ڶĸôҲΪ˸ĸϴˢԩȻһ֣֣
㣬ȻΪһѾͷôĸȥϱͲ±˴ļ㲻Т𣿣ʹļס
迴˦°ڣֱӹ˴룬ȴֱֱͦģĸ˶ТҲòѣûҵˣԻᵽĸҹĸ
͵վָŭΪ˸ŮˣΪôŮˣȷҹǲǣ˵ҲˡǲҪˣ̫֮λ⽭ɽҪˣ
貢ûӦᶨ˵һУ
ò㱳ȥŹŮֲǿվȣʹʧããѰɣѰɣҲҪ˵ڲڱ
賯һͷվͷҲص뿪ˡ
ѱеÿһ䣬ÿһ䣬ȴûзƻӰ
ڵҲ޿֣Ǵ屾ʮֵƫƧмɽڵôȻǲܣȴ̧˸СļɽȥѹǸ棬Ͳ˻뵽һɽһ壡
Ѳһϣ賹ҹδߣǵ̺ʽŲÿһ䡣ڻɣĹǲֵһġ
ֱ˵˳˴ȥ˵ΣԼ˽
ҲҲĿˣûзƻһ˿һĺۼ
ʮֵļ꣬Ѿһҹûһš벻˲ĹУ˭ܴĹУƤӵ°˸°ߣ
˼ȥǾȻÿһѾѹȷʵûҵˣǾΡȻУﰵд̽
޵ߣŽյĴţ֪һͷϡ̾һδ߽ȥֱڵˡ
Ů˵˵⣬ֻһҲûйƻǸŮĿУȻﻹأԼô꣬һǣ
ҲңƻѾˣȻһԼӰôŮˣ߻˲ģĳԼңɲԼĶӣԺԼʲô϶Ժһ֮ԼҲҪķǧ
˿ΪѾ͸ƻúúõģʯͷ
мƻΪ͸֧Ϣһӣ̫ʪ˯ֻǾһʱ䡣
ҲֱӺʯϵˮ˺һ鲼ţȻֻ󴽡
ʱǰʯѾ˺ܶ࣬ΧұҲѾ䱡ࡣ
Ըоֽ࣬ģȻþȫұϣ
ֻ䡱һʯɽϡ
ƻĨһϽȥֻұѾȫſ㹻һͨ
ϲʤ̴ȥľҲ΢΢һ
ĴǽϣǶŶҹ飬ȱյúҲſ壬̵ǶǺ
ôֱʣһǲرز˵ˡ
ߣϸĿûл壬ûп֮Ŀʼǰߡ
һ·߹ȷʵ˻أǼ򵥵ķɽߵشһģǶоյͨˡ
ȻһʯǰʯŸΡ룬žĻƣ޴ĴͷŻž޴ֻΪвرޣԿ϶źǷűĵطˡ
ԭǳȥһȻײǽȥҲ޷
ţʯ˿룬ѵʯҪܶһƲƵÿ
ƻãҲϸˣǶûҵʯŵĻأֻܰĿ·ŵʯϡ
 

ʮ 

ƻָḧʯŵĻ棬ԽԽòͬѰЩе͹ģеǰȥģϸֻᷢƲᡣ
룬ϵĻƻ᲻һƴͼָסݵĵطƶûʲô仯תֵµĻƾȻĶˡ
ƻҲ̾صֲϵĻزգԭϰʯš
תĵطǺܶ࣬ҲǺܴΧתϸƴţһ̹λ֮
ֻ⡱һ˻ڿտرصĴű㻺Ĵˡ
ʯŵĴ򿪣龰ƻҲɵõһ
һ̻Ի͵Ĵ֮ʮϵǴĥ͸Ĵʯӳ˵Ӱӡǵй֮޲
𾪵ȻĲƱĶѷһ𣬶ѳһСɽǶѵӣ˴еİ뿪ڣܿŵЩ鱦
ܻһЩŴڼļӣа񡢼ѪʯͻܣҲɺһⶼϡ䱦
Щڷűļӣıض
Ӳӵģ̵ƻ۾ۡǰƵˣĳҲѪӿӿ죬ֻʮֵϲõ˷ܡ
һƽ飬ߡ
ո̤ȥͻȻһաƻзʹ㿪Ҫֱն롣
ƻաջȥҲЩ¡˷Ҳȥ˴룬ſڶôײУ߻֪ʲôأ
ԽƱȹҲˣȤĻߵİŵЩ
ǿһѳʿͱƽĽխ貢ûһѳֵı޳ĽʺǷϡ
𽣣ϵ˵࣬ҲᣬȻ˽ĺһ۾ɼ⽣жôķ
Щ࣬ҲѹƣһͲǷƷ͵ؽһߵһ˿ĽǽնˣϿҲʮֵƽ
ƻҲɱ⽣̶һ࣡ɵĵͷȻǸҪȥ衣
𽣣תҪߵʱǰȴһʶҲʼ
˿еĽԼǴˣЩô̴̵İԾǲ±ãֻһͣǾЩ涼Ϳҩģ
ʧȥʶ֮ǰ룬ӦֻһЩ/ҩ
ԺٴλָʶʱΪԼӦûǸϣһۣȻһȫȻİķ
һŮӵĹ뷿õʮֻһĴϣʮֵϸ𱻡
͵ͷһѣԵڵأס˴˺һѣڹȥ
ƻŷԼֻ£ϵҲ˾ĵİһ˭˿ڣ˭·
ŴվҲ˲ôЬӣֱܵſڣҪȥ
һţȴˣĻˣŴһ˰
ôһУĽˡһʮ꣬Ѿߴˣŷ￴һۣȻµʮ־ȣЩ¡
ƻϽʵʲôˣʲôط
Ѿȴ˵ֱӴæתˣӦȥͨȥˡ
ƻһţȴûһˡҲ侲ڻʹеĲرεܷĺܿǿرصˣӦҲǹеˣ֪ݣûаɱˡ
ǼȻ֪ݣΪʲô̻裬ǴԼĵطҺܣϣҲĶˣ
ûаͷһʱ飬ʮַꡣȴҲʱûôģֻٴǿԼ侲ȻֻǽԼڷҲûҪɱ˼ѾӦúܿܰ˸ʱʸױˣ
ȻûжãһŲƻߵſڣŷֻһˣûп
⿴ʱ򣬴ͻȻһܣƻʶҪʲôȻðһɴ̡
ƻϽסڱǣȥҪסһߵĴҲܿʼﴵ̡
޼廹һû̱ϣ۾ĶſڣҪ˭ҪԸ
ʱ߱˿ű߱ƿһӰ˽
Ź⣬ƻòУֻʵЩ죬һϲɵ˵òϲ̻˳ޡ
 

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ƻôû뵽˾־ŭ㣡
Ҳɣ赹ڲرأ֮Ȼ˵ʲôѵزرصˣѾˣڸĿܣʱЩ롣
ƻľɷŭͬЦúᣬ˶ûк䣬ôˣ
ƻѾκѹĵףϻƽʵһ˶ã
Աߵϣתͷģڸ۵׵̰ЦЦлҳһ㣬ˡϵ̫ˣұ˯졣
ƻɫЩã죬ԼڵôãӦҲĹ⾰ˡôòոﲻ֪ҳʲôӡ
Լ˯ôãӦҪŪ£ܰӹŪҲ˲ٹ
һԱ߾սսѾߣôͰй϶Լϡ
ߵʲôΣƻɵȥֻҪҶã
̾һƺ⻰˵ˣƻ㲻ҪôɣҲﰲİðˣҲ֪Ǳ˭ˣҪǳȥһŹģ
ƻЦһʱαػʵ˵ֻһʱ䣬ԭĬĬŵСӣھȻܰҴӹ˲֪˳ɵ˹Ŀ࿴ڲһʲôĿ˵ǣȥʲô˼
ϵЦݽ˽֮ǰ̬ЩκͿյ˵ƻôͲҵĿأ赹ʲôطҲҼʱͳ֪һʲô³˳ܶҵĵط֪޹ұϵѪ֪жŭ𣿡
һʹĵģԭѾߣڿȴס㣬˶֣˵ģǰȨƣܺʲôҺôЩʱҾԲװøƻңҲһ񱦱һ
ƻЩ޶ԣĿ˭㣿Ϸ
⻰ʵЩ⧲΢΢һüͷ˵ЩԺ˵ҪľȰϵá
ƻͲһףԹԵ˵ѾʮֲһͱЩϷǱΪʱǸճ£ճ׷裬ҲҲհȢ˰׷Ҳδػתͷ֧㡣ǿ㱳վŵľǱˣ
Ȼ֪ƻĴϻۣô͸ҲЩľиӼᶨˣҪԼߣԼˣ
ЦЦҲش⣬ֻ˵һʱ俼ǵģҪңһõģ
ƻЦһһֱܺ棬㾿ʲôˣСʱꣿ㲻Ҫˣ㲻ǲİˣһôˣͻȻһ㶼ںˣܵ˴һҪõңʲô꣬Ϊİˣ
ģͻȻһƻǼʰԼ˵ŻشңҸʱúÿǿǡ
˵վҲȥƻ˵ȵúϢɣֿһսսѾߣǵҪúóҩѾߵһΣһѾߵֽţ
ƻߺ޵Ķû˵⻹ʲô׵ģѹж磬ӦѾ˸ιɢ֮ҩúõϣҪɱźСѾߡ
ƻҲû˵ʲôֻĿһۣȻ뿪ˡ
ԺҲûдߣȻҪˡ
ѾҲ˽ʵĹܺãЩӵĿƻС㣬ū澷ϴ
ƻֻ䵭ĿһۣڻҲûоܾԼ˴ϡ
Ѿ߿һۣתһˮȻƻƻǿӻһСƿ°׷ۣŶ˹ȡ
ƻȻϣѾֲƻĲιʵûзӣֱӹƻĽűߣϵҲһµ˳Сū澰ɣūһû˾ûˡū澻һܵҲڸﵱȴˣСͺ˰ɣūʹҩûӵģ
ǸӣƻȻ̣ӲĳҪǾЭˣǴһ˾в
 

ʮ ²

ѾȴģڵһֱĿ޺ƻ۽ֱҪ˵ߵȴ˽
ʲô
Һ쿴߽ҲŵòᣬϽվû£ֻСϳҩȰأ
һƻصˣȻϲͣҲû˵ʲôֻػֻ˵С㣬ǶˣӷԸ£οΪǣҪҪǺ˴ҶҪǲȣүҪһˣʱǲÿ
ƻֻƳһۣ޶ԡȻˣͺúõҪִ˰׷ǱҲһղϢʱһ֣ǲźÿˣ
ǿһʱҲûޣֻöѾ˵ȻС㲻ǾȲˣȥү˵ȻֲƵĿһƻת뿪
ѾֿһƻҲԹҲ˵ʲôֻʰֳȥˡ
뿪ʱƻ̧̧Լĸ첲Ҫĸ첲̧ȴһûУҪôȥҪȥǺѡ
̲סЦһǰȻϹۣȻΪǸģ㿴ҲŸոյƣѾ⸱Ŀ˵ˣ˹һսթģ
ߵɫֲÿˡȻȴҲûʲôΣգߵ˿ɲ֪ôòӰ֪Ѿʲôӡ
̾һΪ֮ƣǸϽ취ϢȥС
ӣв죬Ļˡִ̾ЩӣҪˡǲףΪʲôôôĥѡ
Ҳôɥˣ־ÿǺ¶ĥϾСҲһҲ
ǲʵȴǳеѶȣƻһ죬˸ӣֱӰҩͿϣѾƻһ롣
Ѿ߲Ҷ֣ԿѾһ룬ּҴҵˣ
Щƻ̱ﲻܶˣ߼ֱ޼ˣôһҲˡ
Ѿ߿ʵˣҲһֶһȡ
ƻûоֺܾˣ˿ߣʵʲô
ʵѾһ㶣֮ǰҲһЩܻش飬ҲʮֵСĽ£Ӧû⣬СĻشū澽Һ졣
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ҺѾһ㶣룬˵ûд
ɼ¼޽𣿡ƻʵ
ҺЩˣʵͲжǲ˵ģҲЩԥ˰˵ЩСҺܼģźĵҺ춼Ҫϸѡġ
ƻֵͷȻʵԭԺģ
Сô֪Һ쿴΢΢ЩȣСѾͷ͵ƻߵĵҲȥ˴룬˵ô仰ҲſˣԼ˵ūƽǸɨģСסүūźС㡣
Ҳɵû˵ԺǸʲôõġ
ЩӶˣЩ㣬ܰЩ𣿡ƻʵ
ҺһһˣȷʵûгԶԼˣϽԿԣСţū͸Сȥ
ƻͷ뿪ˡ
ʵЩȻһʣҲҺĻܶ
Һûм׷һǲ߶ܾԶصԺһǲסģȻҲûСӦҲʱЩԵģ϶˵ġҺȻȥø㣬˵һ߶ĩҺ졣Ǿֻʣһ㣬Ժ׷ԺʮֵԶɻԻûм׷
֮ǰĵͼǵûĻ׷ԺǶߣߺܾܿϱߵһǡ
ǣŬһ£һǵһ÷԰м͸Ż԰˵߹ҪһƬ֣ƫƧĵطˡ
ҪҲ˲ġ
ҲĲ²⣬Ҫ֤
ҺһŶŸ߽һſƻ˵СõˣΪе㡭ͻȻʲôϽͣ˻ͷС˰ɣȺģūιСԵɣ
ƻȷʵЩˣ΢΢˵ͷ
ҺһЦһƻ͡
ƻҧһڣֱһȥҲ֤ʵ֮ǰ뷨ǴӴġ
 

ʮ 

ŵģƻֿ˿Һͷϵϸ˾ǽϻˣ޵Ļ㣬һҲǴ԰߹ġ
Ȼһ뷨֤ʵˣƻһ㶼˲Ϊӣûа취Ϣݳȥ
ȥĿ⻹ͣҺϣͻƿֻܷҺˡ
Һ쿴ƻԼ߲ɵһţʵС㣬ʲô𣿡
ƻЦЦҳЩˣһҵų극Щȥ԰ɡ
Һ쿴˿еĵģʮֵľȡ
ƻЦЦûЩȥ԰ɡ
ҺȷƻĲˣŸ˵ĶŵˣЩöûгռʱһֱ̿ˮء
ƻӣ˹ȸСѾߺúദ˵
ƻոѾףһô컹ӰûҵֱܿӸˣϷҲûгסҲֱӲˡ
Ĺǵˣոҳһţƽǹܽϸ粻ֳ֪ʲô
ֺγżйҹҲҹ޲ð޹ߣɻһ˿ûз֡
صԼ޹֮ˣˣòѹȥıŰֿʼðͷһǿľһ㶼СƻĸˡҲ˴İʿǰҰѣô죬ûһӰ
ģ춼ڣǲҶԣǱĹסˣͣ飬̲Ҫˣ̸ѹˡ
ֱ糯˵˳ﻹ˵ôΪһŮֵðղð
̿һ۵ͷ裬ĵڳͱˣǻڽˡ
Ȼϣһ仰û˵̻̾ʶ壬˴֡
µĻû˵ڳϽǴ󳼣ճ˹ţʹϵˤˡ
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ǺްǿôǸأҲ֪˭
ɲǣǸģֻнɽٶͻӡͲ˵ˣǸģ޸̲ΪԼңҪ˵飬ҲøԼҺôôһ
Ҳȥ裬ʱƳʲô
úͻȻܾһƷ󳼣ȻҲֹǲҲ鲻ʲôҲֻܵˡ
ֹ˼죬ƻĻڹˣ˵ȴˣǶҳţҲţ춼ˡ
ⲻǱĹǣҲԹԣһ޲ƻϽˣǸϽҵʬ壬Ȼûа취ˡ˽ҲƻǸĺ꾫̫ӹƻģΪôһŮ춼Ҫˡ
Щˣֿʼڻǰԣ˵ôʱûҵ϶Ժûа취ҵˣǱֵԹصˣ
һ仰˵תͰŪ˵˲еòУϢЩοûа˸Ūˡ
ɺϵ飬ɵҲ׹ֱʣһըˣȻû֤ݣһšһɾԡ
Բ費˵ڽ£ˡһСġ˰ա
һֿˣ챻һͷֻ費Ҫϳһܷͷ
ǰ󼸺һµʱ䣬һƻϢҲȫܴҺʵһЩߵΪѾ졣
Һ첻֪ڰĺ꾫ǰѧƻǿЦá
һƻҲҺݸֽʲôģǶûгԺӣͱ˻ҺһΣűסҺ졣
ȻҺȴܸмԼźķˡ
ƻԭҺ˵ūźʱү˵Ҫ㵱ӣӷԸūӦãûС㲻ū澣ū飬ūȻǸм
ӵ飬ƻҲһ˵˭ֻ֪Ƿˣˡ治֪˵ǵ˵ۡ
ͣôЩӣ߿ƺһЩ˼ֻ֮ǰҲôֱͶʵһ仰
룬עԼĵϣֻҪҺ촫ͳˡ
 

ʮ ͨ

ȻѾ뵽ע⣬˵ʲôܲɣ׵ģȴˡ
˼ȥǰʱտҵһ¥ҵ׬ǮƻȻҲҪ֪ĺöﶼûУҪǰһԴ
ڼȥˣʲô˵ȡ顣
ƻȡõĸָһת˵š
һۣ֣ǰ˵ǻۣ
ĳ˾תˮȡǵ˹󳦽ˮ
ת󳦱֪֮ġ
ʵҲ̫һЩֻϣֵµܾ㣬ܷеĲͬѰ
̴֮ҲѽЩٱ࣬ǸҸҲʼ⡣
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ڼôã˶¸ӳԵõģ¥ĲζҲãȻѡ
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Һ߽վ˰ҲûкԼһСС㶫ߣ
СȻˣЦҲʮ飬Һָָǰ̨Ҫƹĵˣ
Һ˸죬æл
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Һߵǰ̨˵Ҫ˵˼ˣһת󳦡
Ųƹ̧ͷһۣЦǿɲоת󳦣еǸתˮ
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ƹЦҡҡͷ˵Ҳǣ˵ЩʲôﻹʲôҪ𣿡
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Һҡҡͷ˵ûˣҲ֣С㿴ŸϵŮƵģôϲֶ
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ƹһ۱Ƴһ󻧼ҵѾߣǲӵųԣҺͷ˴ߡ
Һ쿴ƹôҲЦ˵ӵҲΪôСֻΪЩ䣬ûźĲġ
ҲǸĿģҼҲǡƹһ٣ԼӵڻûиѶҲһꡣĸǵĻ˵ҪǻˣҪǿǰӶˣǵðǵƤ
ҲǣǶһִģһûµģǿɲܹӵ
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ҺҲ˵ͷƻӾһ㣬˵һ㣬ûл˵
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һģƹЩ֣û˵ижӰ
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ƹĿ뿪ıܾʲôԵĵط˵κ˿Źת˺ԺԼдһ˳ȥ
Щϵ飬ǽĺͽ˴ֹŰÿæѰƻ
鶼˽ƽʱ˱Ҳˣ£±ߵĵ̶ŵ㣬ˮһ鱨Ҳ͵
ÿ춼Ҫһ飬ҳһЩȽҪͣǱ߻ǻѹ˲١
ϾҲǸˣͷۣҲò߲ݡʵÿҲ˯һʱһҲ˯ֺܶæ顣
Һ컹û߽Ժӣ㱻˸
ȥˣĿѾʵ̫Щձƻˣת
Һʮ־Ͻƻ¥Ĳ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪¥֪ǵζȷʵûдߴ
ҺȥǱģʲôȥֻһʳС
ʳз˸׳죬ȷʵûзʲôɵĶǿһŨͳུĴᣬʲôˣƻҪԵģ
Ҧͷ뻹˵˵߽е֣ӾתˮСһҪ
Զɣؼǲƻ͸ܳֻÿ϶ʲô֪棬ֻ˰Ѳװãţ߽ƻķ䡣
ձҩȻ˵ҩԶûʲô𺦣ʱ̱ƵĲǶҪ˻ⶼҪήˡ
ÿձԼǷӣǽһߣҲܾô̱ڴϡ
 

ʮ ת

ÿһĻϽеҪȥƻȴ˹ȥһҺ죡
ҺϽ߹ȥϡ
˿Լտյ֣߬ȭͷϵһ糣
ƻ˵ֶҺȥ㶫ôү
Һ¶ֲҪ˵ȴ˻ͷ
ƻ֪ѲԼĹ۸и˵Ҳ㣬·ϰˣҿ߲ţͲҪˡ
ƻֿһҺ죬ûзҲҺѾȥ¥ˡ
ֿ˵ǰ·ʵİҺ˰ɣҲò𴩣ү£һѾᶫ
ֻûļЦæҪʱġ
ƻ˿ԼֱðƤζˣƲƲ첻
ȴЦ˵ԺҪʲôʲôֻܽҾˣ㷿ҺһѾߣȥˣԼһô˷ġ
ⶼΪ˭ƻûĵһۡ
ȻǵǺôۿˣǵﻹЩˣֻȥһúõĿԼġ
ù˶ȺģԵɡ
ƻ̲סƲ죬ҺģǺ˼ڡ
Ѳ˶ںãһ̾תˮķŵƻǰּһӵݵǰ˵Һ˵ҪģԵɡ
ƻôҪ̽ԼЦһүƳһҺ죬ʲôүιң
ҺϽ߹˵үūɡ
ȻźҲûʲôνҪƻ׳Իǲԡ
ҺӹӣҲһӣ͵ߣС쳢ɣƹ˵ǵء
Ȼ֪ȻҲԶȥˡƻ˵ű죬ȥ
һ㣬ֻ΢΢ЩˡƻţҲɵЩԵãû˵ǽ´ζȻв࣬ǲ
̧ͷֿһı飬ֹסЦǲʶһ³˵Ҳˣ
Ҳѹ֣˶ǲôģҪǴĲɾЩ壬
ƻˣֿһҺ죬ʾвˡ
Һ쿴Ե㣬˿ŨͳུĲˣҲЩˣҲұֳֻרĵĸƻвˡ
Եȷʵӣȴ˵ʲôζֻĬĬתֻۣò뿴
ƻȴˣĳӻ𣿡
ֿһ̲ˣͷתˣұȥ¥ˡ
ƻͷּһӣҪμΡ
ƻ꣬ҲѾ˴룬ҲûǿҪҺȴȥ˴롣
Һ˵¥͹һڻؾˣƻԣȥˡ
ƻҲÿնԣҪ죬Ȼһľǵתˮ
һתֹۣ˰£ƻԼϳķ⣬޵ⶼȥôˣЩôͻûзأ
Ĳ±ߵ˲ģÿξȥƹĶ汨һΣһʼûŵϣҲЩÿҲǱ߱
ɾڣڰ֮ǰˣͷۣԱѹʳѰϾ͵ˣ֮¾ͲˣҲ÷ǳһʼ񻹲ѾԴˡ
ʽҲżתֱ£ĹѰƻȴҲʼʱ򲻰ѳֺóôľӪǰ׷ˡ
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ÿοһͷһݵĿ£Ŀݣ˵ʱҪ̻һ㣬һɵľÿ£ϵ·Ҫʪ㣬Ըı壬ʵĸҲÿնǵսľ
Ҳ״üͷֻΪ˵Ҫƻˣ㽫һڹŮȫץˣְ֮Ѫģʬ͵ǰ
˲㺧ȥȻڹ䣬ȴҲǰ˵ʲô߸Ǻ޼ƻһѾˣҲҵ֪ǼĹŮºͱˣЩҲɱˣһѱû¡
 

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һƻҲڱıԵ軹йƻȴһй;ûС
ΨһɼľųԵĸˣ죬һҪȥһ¥
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ƻһ۾ͷ֮ǰȫһ緢Եã鿴Ҳܺá
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ƻһֽûҲվ
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С㣬ģһ̽̽ߵġҺο
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ĸҽӣҲЩΣ˵Ǳȥģ
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ƻѾЩӶתͷ
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ھ͸ҹƻһ
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Һһֱ˵ֻһҡͷ
ԭһѶƳܵ˷ɣ˺صˣҪܳȥ͸ϼˡΨһϣֻʣ¥Ǳˣ
һߣɶ˵ѹ˵ʲôԸǻ
е鶪һߣֻרѰƻҲȥһոϷ˺Ͱܿ
˵񶼲ãܿϷ˻ǿռңܿȴϴ棬ս㲺ݡ
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µʱ輸ѾΪǵֻ֧ܴߵõһЩϢȴǲٻϢ
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˵Ѿ㹻ˣҪ룡
£Ͻǰסȥ·һҪңĿԵģ
ƹ˵˲Уǵƻ˵ȵˣһΣյҲҪˣֻúõ
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֪˵ʲôһ޵ҪʲôЩҶȻ˵ģ˵Ҫǳɾһҵأ
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˱裬ҲһǲƫԶԺĿҲЩƫԶԺӡ
ĵͼѾģ۾֪ôߡ
ãһƬ֮⡣
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һĵĸȥ
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ϱǣۿƻѹһ˾ҲûۣҲżˣ˲ðҹͰѸҽק˹
 

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ҽ˴ϼˣһҺ죬ߵĻȴˣǺοģǲˣ
ޣ˵ʲôģҺʱŭˣٸ˵⻰Ҿ͸үúô㣡
ҽֵһۣȴҲ˵ʲôˣֻ߹ȥƻû˵ǸӣֻܺúţҲûʲô취
ҺȻʮֲ⣬ȴҲ޿κΣԼֲҽ˵ʲôʲô
֮Һתͷƻ̾һҴҴǣ뿪ˡ
뿪ոչţĵĴˣٵĴܽҲ˲ðѴܺãֱӳ嵽˴ǰԼ˼ĺҲ̲סһᡣ
ϸϸĿָʱĲãɿãŲ˵Ҳ˲ٵĥ
˸й̸ƻһ֮̽£ҲһҲһɱŭ˵ƻѹסˡ
һԼŪģΪ˽ϵĽų²ߣûжãʼݱʱ򣬼˲ų²ߡ
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һʱ֮֡
ƻɫ࣬ɫȴʮֲҰףƻɺãһĺú÷ס˴ûᵹڵء
ڴߣƻֻ֣ЩбһƬ
ֹֻ˶ãƻԺ۾ֻ࣬ҪһȷʵҲôˡ
ֵʱ򣬲ȻǣԼ֣תͷ㿴Լֱ˯ŵ裬ʱ˳
֪֪һҵģʹԽҵԼοǾͿô
춯ʱˣæȥƻĿԼ¶ЦݣĲᣬʲôⲻúõ𣿡
ƻ֣Բ㵣ˡ
һЦһ֪ͺãԺʲô֮ǰһҪ֪𣿡
ƻʹͷͻȻίˣ˳ӣ֪֪ʵɺˣҾǵصҲˣ˵Ҫ˿ô죿
ֽڻˣˣһжѾȥˣһжȥˡ
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һߵĶͲȥˣƻΣԼҭˣϽ˳
һᣬƻĿҲСĳĨϵᣬ̧ͷ裬ǲǣ˵ҪޣϽԼˣˣ
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ƻҪȥϵȴЩ̲סϽ΢΢ʵã֪ˣˣˡ
ô˵ˣƻе㲻ˣһĨᣬǲˣ
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ƻһЦЦһŷӦھȻж糣ҲǸˣ㲻ҩҲܲˡ
˱һṻˣ˵
ôᱻɻʵӦǺ֮ǰ˵ڵصйأôĵصأ
ƻͷβ˵һ飬˵Ǹʱ˫ۻ̲סŹ⣬ɶ౦ˣһһѽţϱжҸˡ
 

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һͳ˸ףôҲ벻ĸȻĶ񶾣Ҳ벻Ȼǵһܶ档
±ߵıյĻҲԳܣһĶһţֲۣ˵£ԭôһ¡
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ʵͬɻҲżһ
ƻͷ˵ҾȲ뿪ˣǱֶҲˡˣҪݾߡ
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ƻȳһģҩغãֹԹԵ˴ϣǲģ廹ԭֿôãƣ룬û˶ñ˯˹ȥ
 

ʮ 

ڶ죬ƻʱѾҪڶˡ
˶ӣܿ췴ӦԼװУС˷ȡ
Һ߹ϴϲ⣬Сˡ
ƻֻ΢΢գһ۾˯˶ˡ
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˯һһҹˡҺŬԼЦȻСӦö˰ɣūȥС˵Ե
˵ƻŵǸһɣĺܶˣҲ΢΢ͷҺȥˡ
ãҺͶһ࣬һ׵ιƻˡ
ƻȻЩԼǸĲˣҲͲҪˡ
࣬ҺֶҩƻҲûоܾٴεҩܹ黹еЧģھӸϽá
Һ쿴ɿ࣬Ҳһϵ˶ûôˡ
˵裬뿪ո֮ûˣȵ֮󣬱ֱȥոƻˡ
֮ǰ˵ѾҵƻˣѾ˵ĲУոҲû֮ǰĳơ
һ˵ǱܿʱŭˣƢôõһˣֱӰ豭ˤˣǸĶǰƻΪ˰ٰ֪ܹۣܹˣ֪жͼҲͰˣȻҰ˿ڼǲ֪ܣ
ϷҲòУӣ˵ҲԵ޹ʵҲˣǱ˸ˣƻı¶ûӳ֪˶һүҵҪҪóոļҵ׶ù
ϷˣĲˣˡҪ治ǶһǶҪ˸۸ˣܿһԷߺ޵˵
Ϸ˵ͷʲôģ⻰˵ĺܶԣȷʵôȥˣǵǳǵɣ
ߣԼĸףֻһֻģԼܲܵǻܲܰԼҰɣ
ȨƵĻӵʱĸҲǴȰģΪʲôԼһȴֱˡ
ڲűãǰԼĿвҲǰҪֻǵʱûǸҪԼɣ
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ϷҲԵͷҪ봦Ǹүǵվס˵ƻôҲǲǻʲôѴ
Ȼûȫ˵Ҳ˵˸ţҪԷ·ʱӵ
ܿһЩǣʲôΣհɣ
ĸģѾߣʲôԣ̰ģش
ܿһ
Ϸȴһۣѽǲ˽ǸŮҪûյ飬ȥе±ݻʲôʲôȥɣ
ܿӦһȴֱߺߣ浱ûпղҲһ
Щ̿л˼䣬뿪ˡ
ص̱֮ѴǶ̸áǵڶ죬֮ϣЩı壬ƺһӰࡣ
ڻλ׵ִ裬·Ҳһҹ֮ͻָĳȣ֮ǰٻܿЩ˼ھô͸ˡ
Ȼһ˰ģһȴЩˡ
״˼֮󣬳ҲûзʲôЩ˲ԿģеĶҲټƽš
һЩˣñQĻǱĴյĵȰûͻȻ˻ߣǸ޼ɵ˱ѳøһ
ȴܣһĵӣԺܶ鶼ʼһ۱һֻۡЩ˽´ǵƻѶһ겻أ
Щ˵ֱһĦȭƣɼ£
ڣǷɵʱ˽Ҳ˲ٵĶȻҲ½⵽ôģ
˵ʲƻ֮ҲɵľȵһŻָæ˵ŪǸʲôҽʹ£
һˮߣ˵춼ĻʹԭǽģʲôطȻʹĵص¸ȫġ
 

ʮ ·

ĿأƻɫЩѿС࣬ôƸһҪ췴𣿡
ӣֻޱȵĿɰָͷ̲סһֱ
ֱƻˣһĿ֣ʲôأҸ˵أ
㲻Ѿ³ܸʲôȻǳı췴費ˣΪķң˳˵˼Щǿʢʱ򣬲ƸҲܵĹˡȴͬһֻΣʨӣֳܶɵģڲ췴ĺʱ򡣡
ƻͷЦһֲʱô緢ԭǰϴˣ
˵һЦȴһ˿ŰɣҷҪȲɣ
˭ҴһʼͱסֵǸȣƻĸ첲Цõ⡣
ģֱӵĿɰˣ̲סֻð֡
Ҳˣɴͷֱһڡ
ƻҲˣֻɵЦЦһƬȣֱӰ˵ڴϡ
ƻһһֿʼЦȫǰΣյ˵£
ЩܣһֻܱڶǵðԼñըˣȻúõС
ƻɲ֪˼ֱĲӣЦɣѹˣ
ôôģסݺݵȥֻ׵ƻ֪ϱˣɿ֡
ƻգˮٵ۾Ǻˣ½ǣô£Լʲôʲô⻹˼Ҽأ
⻰ʲôһըˣֱһƬͿհףʧȥǣֱУ
һıסƻҧгݵС֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ƻգ۾۵޹ôͻȻˣֻСĽۡ
λεľٹˣʵ̲סˣűӼĶӡ
֮ƻ˲䱬ЦЦֱڴϴȻϷת̫ˣ
ҺǱӲˣЦ޼ɵЦֻ̱˴ϡðĹ񣬻ЩµġְЩ׵ԺˣŻûг׵ʱ򣬺úĥԺԺ롣
ôһʱķûҰĵˣҲ˼Ұģ˵ЩҰܣҪһˡ
Ǽƻͣ׼µʱ򣬲ȴͻȻѣȥ鷿󳼣ҲƵͷĿȥ˾û˵Ż˼ң˵ѳٿԵš
ôɵҲ֪¶ˡ
һʼǿװҪڹǹ˵һ仰ˡ
˵ȷʵѾ¶ˣදҺѾ֪ƻ˵ȥѡ
һ¶ˣòˣοƻҲ֪ˣҪǱҵһȲ˵ƻҪ뿪Լˡ
ص֮˵̿ʼˣ׼뿪춼
ȻҲͱһõģǱ뻹һ뿪뿪Ļһ˷Ҫ뿪ʵ̫ˡ
ʵֻбĹ壬һ׼ҡ
Ϊ׷Ĺϵ費ǣǲòͶĹϵѾ׹ˣδ룬ȻҲǲ롣
ȻѾ׼ȻҲ׼˺·춼ĵصͱһĸڿˣصְԳȥ
Ϊ˱ʾأԼĳģѵѺ˲رĲƱ飬
ȻʮֵԵãö뷨ȷˡȻô˵Ǵ󲿷ˣʵǵˡ
ܿ죬˵õӾ͵ˣҹɫ£ʵһƬҡ
һЩ޹ؽҪˣĶѾҩˣĶĸһ˵İѸĶᵽϡ
ƻҲıԻ衱װ˳
ĲãǺǴԼһİɣ
ЦҪǿɾʡˡ
ҺǱѾźˣΪ˽ҩװţȵǶˣҺȥĵصףȻ˻ǰٺá
ӵƻ΢΢ƿӿһۣɿ׷żѾ߲鲻Ըߡ
ƻ΢΢üҲĻᣬ뿴֪һֱߣ״Сʲôı顣᲻ᣬҲᵽǰԼȡʱʹ࣡
 

ʮ 

һ֮󣬿ҲȻƻϣĺһ
治֪ô뵽ѵð˩ڿϣĴ
ûһᣬͿʼҡҡλε
Ȼһϣľɲʱƿ⿴һۣ˶ŵѰû˼ȥƻ
ƻҲֵֻҪҸʵĻᣬ˵ˣǰôһ棺ˣ
ɵߵһĵ滻򿪣¶һͨĴʱƻҪʱһϡ
Ȼ֮ûжãʹ˲˺ӳ󲿶ӷֿˣ˵ȥǰЩ˻ϡ
ţûжãƻ͸оʪȻûϴñˡ
ôЩȥ
ϧľ֪·ߣҲûйϵȵѶ˳ȥˣڰƷˡ
һߣİҲѾǽµ裬ȻҲ˸Žȥˣߵķȴ⴫ݣһ鱨ä
ǲЩصô۸ӣĿĵؾֻһǾǳ⣬ֻҪȥţȵ˳Ƿźţʱһܲ
˵һˣȻǳŽȥˣĶѾװ䣬ֻǰѶ̧ϱˡ
һӴĳӣΪ˷ˣȲŻ޵ô
ҲˣȻӺܶ࣬ҲװܿѾװϣʮƺƵļ·
صĿ֨ƻĵҲôҪ©ȥô졣
ǸûзЩ飬Ӱȵļš
ʼʱƻѾӲرˣߵͨĵص
Ťˣ֪˶ãһ¡һصˡ
ķҲ֪ӦǻĽҰ⣬ǳ˳ˡ
ͣûжҲ˳ȥӦǿŹĳһ߳
ֻֻһƻʶǺ֮ǰЩӦߵĲһ·Ҳ֪ǴôһĲߵӦҲεһ·
ѳͣһǵųӳһӦҲǵˣϡ
ƻ֪ӦûˣǷźŵʱҪ
ȻȵһһǺܺá˶࣬Ҳʹ˫϶ύսȻģϾҲ˱ˣƴ뿪Ҳûʲô취
ƻЩϧܺúÿ׷Ťʲôˣ
˻عرյƻҲͲٵˣֱӴ˳ȥ
վϵͻӦֱӱƻ˵˵ϣڵӦҪֿʱƻѾİָסһŲϡ
ڴͬʱ޵ĺɫźŵҲˣѰ춼ˡ
ڳٶҲˣ˶ҪըˣҪ
ƻֺݺݵزһȻһš
Ҫ߾£ˣһҪǸҹҾŪ˵ֺݺֽż󣬡˺󣡡
ʮ׳Ҳûĳȥ
ˣҲܹΧߣƻŰſ
һѰѺ
ԭ㶼װģ㵽ʲôʱϵϵģŭɶ
ƻҪ֣óıӱЦΪЩת󳦶ǰ׳ԵҲ¸㣬ǾԼĵ꣬ߵĲģþת󳦡תˮһףתֻ֣˲֪ܣ
㣡ţֻ޲ĲӣҹȻ̫ˣӦð㣬ΪҵŮˣصĸң
ƻһӻֻȺ׳ķ˶ѹأȻô˵ľ̲ˡ
ֱ־һӣֱӳؿϣʮʮ͸˳ĶװƤ
ܹı޴ֱӰһ۵վվסֱ³
һʹƵģ˼ƻ
ƻЩ׳һӻû֣תͷ˵ҲӦµģҲΪǣһžӹҲˣϽȥɣ
׳㿴ҿ㣬Ҳмԥ;ɣϾղźŵգҲˡ֪ҲκβôȥҪ˾ӣǶܲˣ
 

ʮ 

ǻԥʱѾ¡¡
Щ׳ǾѵˣһЩ˴һЩֲͣһҵģʱȻű
ҲЩЩɫҪһҲֻǵɫˣûпѾʰˡ
¡¡ȻδǰѾ첽ƻһѱ˻С
̶̵ļʱ;Ѿ޷ܿղϢͻȻʧ٣ʵ̫ʹࡣ
ƻܸܵĽָ˸ıҾ⣬⡣
ԵķͷĿһۣŰĿͶ󱻿е¶˲併
񣬿ͷƤһ飬Щվס֪һжˣǵıǶҪסˡ
ֻܼϣڣһϹıܹȳ
侲ɻûס߹ȥһĸ
һѪɳȥԶƲһˤڵϣڲͣĿѪ
ƻ軹ҪȥϽסҪ꣬й֮ڣķڷ
ͷһۣϵɱɢȥһЩ۵Ϲιӵƻߵһߡ
ƻĻĲ˶ˣҲ˵ĺеһ棬Ҳһ仰ȻϢģ⼸ıŰ޳ֱͬ漣һ㡣
ʱƻЩе壬ͷɻЩǳԴҩ
迴ЩʿΧס׳ѾڣΪر⣬ôıأǻ𣿿ԼְѣھѾ˶ˣ
⻰Щ˷׷һͷԼ֣ȻѾһźһ˲𾪡־塢ŭȫдǵϡ
ңҲ޹ҲΪǡϵĶһΪǽˣȻȥܹѯʣԻ뿪˵
Щ˶ԱжôʹޣжôĸмЩѾ¸ͷһЩȴЩްзŭǶҲûʲôøС
ҲЩֻ˽Ƕȥ
˰
ûãҲĿ
Ȼ˴﷢ȥźŵȻɣ¹رأǲò쿴
ʱҲСһͰǻġ
һΧȦһ£̴ӰǰΧ
ҲӰ˳ͷ֪һľ
һɨȥɨЩϤȴİϣЩЩѾԤϵģЩȴҲû뵽ġ
λˣҹ˪أô˽УΪǰ㣿Ц
ʱЩѾ˺еαװ϶һЦ
裬㲻ģȷʵҪ뿪춼ҲƵãϲŭ޳ŭԣѾк˶ͬţ׼һ򾡣ǲߣѵűɱⲻ𣿣
ǣɻϾ㺦ģȻôúõͻȻˣ
ԣһ㣡
ȸ״ˣһߣƴİˮãΪĲԼ
ıǳʦһʼͱıǵĿˮǡ
Ƿ˳ϳǾƷйϳټһ߱߱ıˣҲΪΪգ
ǵϣ˵ֶôûãǶýѾʧô۵ĲƸҲ׿ס˸Ūˣˣȷʵþȣ
ô֪ǴʲộֻЦһλˣЩͲ˵ˣҲôҪ֪ǵɣǶøҹԹԻȥ
ϣ
һ£սһ
ֻҪǱӣֲ췴߸ŵľͰȻǾӢеľӢ
ˣʿȻҲ٣Щ˵ĹģǲһЩ
һʱ䣬ѷָ£Ҳûʼ
ƻţôױߵģʱ˾ͱִˡ
һ鲻ȻǾ񣬵ϾĲ̵ϣȷϽͻΧҪ
ͻȻҲһֲı˺һӣ˳ȥ
 

ʮ 

׷ǸҲʮֹϵķֳһβ׷ȫӴܡ
ò˵ķЧȵʰЩ֮ȥ׷׷Ҳû׷
ȻѾڸأǿԼƤӵߣʮֵİɥ
ƻȻҲյģǿӣҲɵİο߶һһ֣Ϊ˻ƴġټαԤı·߿϶ǹ滮õģ֪ǻ׷ٻأߵúܿܶһЩСһʱҲҲǿܵġ
ĻҲֻǲɱǣйͷ֮ޣ
лģƻҲ¶䣬Щ˾ԲưոݣǲȥǣҲԼģ
һ˵һЦ춼
ȻñӵˣȴҲض飬Ǽʮıأһʾ޴ĲƸõʵع۷壬Ϸͱвοһͷ󻼸ؽ˴Ρ
ص춼ƻûƬֱͣӻո豾ͷȴòֻܻع
ƻϷ˺Ͱܿϲ˱һֿЦ˳ŰһѪͷ
㿴㶼ݳʲôˣ϶ҲԲã˭Ҳ˯ã壬죬óЩС㰮Եķˣܿƻ۲УϽԸ
ĨĨᣬӦһܳȥˡ
ӣܿˣϷҲƻͷҲ۵ۡ
ڲǺúõһͷ˿û٣ƻ˵֣˵ʱ䵹ǵˣʵƻĲǣ
˲ᣬֻҪƽʲôã
ƻᣬͷ
أôûһ
ƽ֮󣬰ܿʵ
ƻҪ鲻˵ģҿ˵Ҳڵʱ򣬶ߣҿɵúúõлл
ԣԣйǺúõءϷҲ˵
ƻһЦҲðϷһҸӹˡ
ռֵһϲ죬޹ȷʵһƬơ
ô벻ףô壬ôģȻȥȻԽܣ
֪ӦǸӼʯͷֱҳʱ򿴿˭ܾ͵
Щֵ̿ǣƻλˣҲ棬ѾԼô鶼ˣ
һ뵽֮ǰεֱ׳ĵԼӣ;Щԣ
ɸҪģ账ͷϵ飬Ȼȥոǳ֮ǰһ޹
֮ǰ޿ֵģƺָֻĺɫʶˣĸ׼ЩʳҪ͹ȥȻˣĸ˶˵Щɡ
һֻǿ
˵ЩǱôĿţҲһŭ㿴űʲôͷҲѾҵˣ㻹ô޹һ췭ظǲǣ
飬źĸûйϵ𣿡ʵ
̴Ȼûйϵ˵𣿡һ˵Ҫ˵ҪҲ㣬Ȼôᱻϡһװ׵ĴŮˣҲ֪
ĸֹ̺
һۣΪĲһ£ʡȡһ粻岻׵ģﵱ
ĸʿɶֹԸ磬ֻǶ뿪֮¹ƻڵԴĸΪĸֻʵǶǣֻĸǰٹҹĸЩջأ
вŭɶ
ȴӵƽƻǶӣͬģҲ¶ģĸлжȻҲᰮƻȻȻǶТǵĸ
㣬㣬ãȢϱ仰һ㶼ûдһˣؿҲҵš
̵ͷĸԶǶĸضһ
ЦһТģͰһȢˣһھԲڲƻ飡
ѱļĸҪƶ侲˵
ȻǷŭȴҲ鲻һξЭģ㻰һתʵʲôʱǻ
ƻѾҵձжĵǻ䣬ʱҲѷһˡش
 

ʮ 

УֱӴλվŭ
δĻʺѡֻһˣǾɡ
һֱȢɣǸΪĲһԺʺλӣȻ̾ҪƻΪʺҲܴӦġ
ҲʶԼ̫ǿӲˣϽ̬ȣס裬ֻǾ֮ˣϾôӣе黹Ҫͷ٣ȵһж죬ڲʺҲ٣ϾҪԹҴΪء
边Ȼ˵ͷĸ˵ûдȷʵҪԹҴΪءڳµĴ඼Ǿ񶼹壬˾ҲΪ˰ǣ֪ǿǵģ
㣡뷢ŭǿŪɳ׾黹Ҫĸ㡣
Ѿ޻˵еĿҲѾﵽͷĸͷˣæȸˡ
Ҳûԣ˻¡
гͷһۣҲɵ̾һĸΪߵһأ
ոʱɫѾ΢дϯոհϣˣк¡
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ǰһЦ豻סģҲɵһůϵЦҲ
Ҿ֪ƻջбضأⲻصظŷģȻǸˣЦü⡣
˵ҲǹЦ
ǰƻܻȻǴϲ£Ҳ˵°֪æǵ²ҲҪȥģϷҲǺ档
ɲǣϷ˿߶˺üˣҲһЦ˵
ƻƳƻһۣȥʲô룬ͰռҵԼƵģĸ𣿡
费һۣϵЦãƻ˵ûǶԼˣô
ƻ⻰ԭ˭Ȼ˵ô˼ˡֵģƤҲЩɵõһۣ㵹Ĳ
ǵǹЦ㣬ܿϷ˵в֪жôĿο
˺ˣԲ˰ɣƲͨ²ҪϷѿ˳Բˡ
ҡͷôᣬոķˣǱȹеĶ㡣
ԣȴϷ΢΢ɫȻƷ鶼޿޵ģǱϾҲϵǻʵ۵ˣ˵ֻǲжոмɵġ
Ϸ˱ɫҲʶԼĻףϽЦ˵˶˳Է㣬ڹгԵȻãһˡոȴ֣ԵͨҲֻ㡣
һ仰̴Ϸ˵Ĺǣ׽֮⣬Цøºˡ
е˻ûвƻôˣôܲ΢΢ҡҡͷ棬Ȳ衣
㷹֮󣬺˻裬λȥϢˡ
Ҳ뿪ֻʣˣƻˡ
Ҳڷдţһ·γ߽˻԰ͤС
ҲЩˣӹ磬ƻϣڱܷλϡ
ƻҲˣһ裬賢
ȶ࣬Ȼ˵ã޲ÿնȵƻĲ衣
õƻһĲ豭
ЦЦʵˣ
ûˣڹȣ½İȻҩЩ죬ʲôҲˡƻЩ۵㣬Ѷݵİȥˣӿ϶ɡ
֣ĦţֻҪߣգֻˡ
ƻǰ΢ͷǳЦˣ¹ͬһɢʵ԰ǰˣǸŰпϵһ
ôˣ㿴ҡ΢΢ͷʵ
ƻס֣ȻЦţȴ⣬룬ǰҡҲңתתҶû߶һͷĻ
úõôˡæ۽ǵˮ֪Լ⼸յΪˣЦſοҲȻżҲΪǼ϶ʵᷳ˵Ҳ˵ףֱɱĸɴࡣˣ
˵ķ絭壬ƻô֪ǲԼ̫ѹҡͷûʲôҲҪֻиж
΢΢̾ϢֻǵܣֽڻУգٹգұûȢ㡣
ˣ˵Ǻ꾫Ǻջˮ㻹Ȣҡƻϣ壬Щ٩˵
 

ٰʮ Ľ

ͷƻһۣ˵ǻ񣿣µ鵹㵽ͷϣ˵ʲô˵ˣҪȢ㣬˭ң
ƻӭߣҲ⻰Цеȴƭ˵ġ
д˼ӣ㣬أ
棬΢΢һ˵ƻҲ˼
ƻȴĻ㿴ңиж㵱ΪҲ£˵Ϊ£ֿӪЩʲôҸطңͺˣ˵һ޴־ˣһвΪȢңֻҲͲõǻˣɴ޵ոұ֤һӳĺģҲ᲻벻
ǰǾ䣬軹ЩǺ䣬ȴ̲סЦҲ벻ĻƻɲҪƭң
Ƥôô񣡡ƻһվʲôʱ˵㻰ֻҪ޵ռһ㲻벻
Ҳվһѱסɷ˵סĴ
ƻһʼɺҲӣϡ
ƽ˿ƻ˵
˵˵ֶŵģƻܿ֡
ЦЦ˵˵һأҿȻءһ죬ҪѡһȻ㣡
㡭ƻһŭִ
Ͻס֣˵ҷֱʧѪɺӣĸ߳жвȼѪҪľ̫ƽҪȢ㣬ҵԸûгͻ𣿡
㻹Ҫң˵Ҫ˭Ȣ𣿣ƻŭ
̾µģ븸ʵĸʣµıЩˡЩ˶˵ƴӣȴҲǹǸ˸ҳȻǶжĵˣˣҺ
ƻ׹ԼˣЩȣֻ
Ȼ֣Լһ£˵֪ʱµˣҰ㣬ô㱳أ
ƻһۣҲº࣬˵飬ҲûʲôҪģֻǵ㡣ΪҲףڳ㣬ҲΪңںò׵һж׷ˡ
ĲĽů紺ֻܵ̾һӵ˻Уʱ̫֣ƻòˡİɣȷʵŭңǶɱģɱҲΪɽ𻢣ȻҲߵ䡣
ƻ˵ͷˡ
ƻһദʱ̫ˣ֪ҵƢԣȴûҵֶΡḧһͷڷҪЩײųɡ
ʶ࣬һȷʵȣƻҲɵ̾һĸǰңҪȢң̸ס
Σȴ˼ԹҲʮΣĸҪ̫ˣȻҲԸָ˸ƻĳԼҳбȨһ;˾ȻƽǽĵȴǸҺģʱһִԼңԼҲǶõġ»ҪίЩӡ
ƻֻͷȻļƻΪءô˵ȴǲˡҪˣµЩ飬Ѿòˡ
Щȴƫƫˣֻܱһš
᲻֪ҲѣǱѹţƻȴԴ
ʱƻܵίԵĿͷʵۺΡ֪ƻʵѣҲΪһٵãδǰ˵һɺĲǡ꣬Щ޵ݡ
ôò˵ƻ̧ͷ㿴üͷ΢΢̾һֽü帧ƽˣ˵ЩΪѡȷʵίԺúòҾͺˣʲôȥҪΪҶηηŵġ˵ҲֲǴˣ
迴ƽ͵üۣûסͷٴסղŵİԵǲͬȴǴĹԵأֻ׵˶
ƻȻܱһЩָѵʱ򣬸ϽƿҲ࣬Ϣȣʱˣ㣬ûعˡ
ͻȻϣȻҲδϸ۵֣òײŰ鶯ѹȥģƻңȢ㡣
 

ٰʮһ 

ڶգƻոϴãͽ˵ˡ
ƻ˵ѾУ̸˵ӭ߹ȥŸսŵĽڼҺúϢôˣҪǳأ粻ƴ
ȴ㿪ֻ֣ƽĿһۣȻ˵ݼС㡣
ʲôɡƻҲûȥֻһ۽ͽ˷¡
мɲҶƻýһ˱裬˿ɫ˵֪Ϊ⼸ʧٵ飬ҲúõĻˣͰڼʱͽһСӱ档
ͷ˿ԼСɫҲ΢ЩתͷƻֻǵС㡣
֪ƻ˿ͽǶ˵ˣ˵ȥüΡ
ɫɵͬȥѰ㣬Ȼ˵˼֪С˼ûСôȱֵ£᲻Ҳֵġ
ƻ⣬΢΢ҡͷҲȷʵҵһӣڲˡֻУҸȥðˡ
С㣬ⲻҵ𣡡̧ͷ
ƻεô˵㵱أҾΪ㵱ѾˣŲǰ˰
Ǹʵۣ϶Ҳһ仰ܴģҾãСǽҼ޳ȥͲҪˣҵλнĴˣеҲҲˣҪ֪Ҿǹ¶ϣҲ޵ģ
⻰ǲǵ˵ˣƻҲ
ɫлЩµģȻε֪ǵ˵ͷ
ѽǸͿƻɸ֣ջ˵㣬ǻǰɶǧĺã˳㣬һüͷҪ۰죿
ǿҲŮӣ˵Ƿദ飬мɬŵС֪
ƻ˵Ȼ֪꣬һֱģŻǱһӶù⣬ȴΪӲԼŪ˸ϵݣʹѹűĵӣʲôζɷеԼɷ棬˵ɹ¶Ҳ˵ģⲻ𣿣
һʱʧԣһŵ૵˵δ䣬ȴҲ
ⲻҲ𣿡ƻ֣ǳҪݣ̸סΪʴȣ⻹սϴδδͷܻȥģ趯ݵģѽ㣬˵ȵģȴҲĵģҪ֪̣⣬˵ʲôҲὫ޹ȥ㵢
С㣡һֻⷬ˵øεѣϻϣֻ޵ô
ƻޣ֪ޣ˼ˣҪ㣡Ȼô˵ʹ˸ɫýͽϽ˷
޵ʵģƻˣ˵һΪңⷬôܲжô꣬Ҳֹģȴ벻ġ˵ʲô㶼ҵģ˵ͣǵġô˵㵱ˣ
ƻ˵Ҳ΢΢ʣִֵģò׿ϼˣﲻ֪ˡȻ˵֪ǲԸٱˣҲǣ˭ԸԼİŮո˳ƴļҵҲΪҲңúõĹԼӣ˭֪ôôһأ
˵һ£Ų촽Ը˵ˡ
ô˵ʧʹޣڽϣȥƻ
㣬ҲЩ޴룬Ҳ֪ΰ
һԵĽĽıȰС˵⻰Ҳ㣬ĪҪˣĻأ̾һ˵˵ҲãҲСĿġɻգСǸ˼ˣҴûмСôƣǸģСֻЩˣ㵱һ߶
͵תͷһֿۣһʧĵƻ˵ƻĽűߣ޵ǣҺͿǵĶãҲ˽һ
ƻⷬҵĶһϽȥ֪ЩԼӣҪҲŸǲǣ
ѾҲһϽ
ƻɫҰ׵ӣŻˣϽ˰ϣּȥ˸ҽ
 

ٰʮ 

һӣҽ˵ֻ̫ûӰ쵽̥ƻһŲ죬Ȼһĺ
ܿǱҲˣýʡ
һĽޱҲ³ЩεôСֳģǲʣһȥ֪˵
죬ȴʲôҲ˵ͷҪĨᡣ
ƻϽһѽѾͷ˺òײˣָǿˣ߹ȥĽıԽû˵͸˵ѵһ٣ѵˣ̥
С㣡̧ͷϸҲˡ
ƻͷ۵ڣͱˣҪҵĻȥˣ͸úúöԼӣСӣһĸ
æɣƻЩЦ⣬֪ˣ
ŶԣƻҲЦЦ֡
һԸ̾С˼ʣ
ƻ˴ԴҪԺ˭㱿ҵһ˺죬ҿ⼸ûһģ
ԼĶͷЦһлС佱Ҿȥˣ
ȥȥɣƻ뿪תҩ﷭˰죬ҳ˼Ӱ̥ҩݸԺͰշӡ
ְ˵ˣҲٲӣҺúһҩ裬͹ȥ
Ҫƴǣȴһѣһ۲˵лС㡣
ƻĵͷƺһҲĲˣôŰɣͨ˱ʲôҪ
ڰѾ磬緹ڷ˵˻Ự˾˵ˡ
ŶãȻˣƻ˽һۣ٩
ͷ˵
ƻҲͲȡЦֻˡ
ƻĹ뷿һӵŮ죬Ҳܲڣƻ˰֣ýǳȥˡ
ôˣ֮ЩϵĽеʵ
ƻҪ˵ȴס˵û£⼸ûϢãЩͷΣС̫СˣҪš
άԼƻҲûж˵ʲô
ȻģȻҲƻʮֵĸм
ƻڰ֣ˣȻˣҲͲˣ˱ͻȥ
Ҳ΢΢һ죬ͷ˵ʵһҪС˵
˵ɣƻ˵
翴һ۽ƻȫ⣬ɫ˵ճдٹӵ䶯Ұڳϱ㱻ǰߣҥ飬˵ˡϢҲѾ˹⡣ҽСһ㲻Ҫйǣ˵⼸տ϶ҪոҪӦӦһԸӦϴţȥǡ
æ𣿡ƻͷʵ
ͷϾ֮һƬҡ
ƻЦЦ֪Щ˳Ҳ˵ˣϽŽؼȥɡתͷԽ˵пվȥ㣬ոʲô徲ĵطܣ˵Щסˣú˵
Щ⣬ݺݵĵͷ
Щɻ˿ˣǿͻȻ࣬лϲҲ˲ϱģֻ뿪ˡ
˽뿪΢΢ҡҡͷƻʰŪҵķ䣬һЦ˵һӣȻӣ
ƻһۣȡЦȡЦأҪ˵ҲСˣҲøϽѼ޳ȥ
ЦʲôҲ˵ֻ̻뿪ˣ
ļ죬Ȼ˵˶ӿո
СҲͰˣŮòֵĴүǣɴԼˣȻ˵ݼϷ˵ġ
Ϸ˱ŵķʤɴƲˣƻӴ
˳˼ɶѳɶѵĶͺûȫƻǰơ
ƻȻҲҲıлͣЩϱûǣ½߹ٹҲͰˣϷЩȴòú
Щ˲ҳӵǽͷݣĴǾĵһĶģ˭֪Ժи紵ݶʲôУ
Щ˵ռǺһģճˣռҲûǰȨƣѾϰ˿ոĶ
ƻĿأǴСƻһɱɱƱ¼Ŀ񶼻ʹ貢ǵϻԺĨĨȥοºҲ׹ô꣬ҲҲãȫһСѾͷƬŪڹ֮䣬еķŭ裬Ѿĵŷ
 

ٰʮ 

Ȼռǰˣǿ׹ݵԼҲǱѹ̧ͷƻҲһ֮֮ϣͽˣǾɵӣ
ǵ˼ƻȻ˻úõ£ǵģǾ㲻ȫ裬ҲĺȵǿˣʱҲͲΪˡ
ƻϷĴٹ˺ɫмӣֱͻƻ˼һһȻǱ
ƻͥУԳԼǱߵ壬һļ𹰵ԼҼۣд͵С
Щ˺ƻһģȢƻԼҾ춼ͳû˵λ°뷨Ϣˣɴ಻ҪȢƻˡ
Ѿļ٣˵Ѿڳﱸ»ˣ̾Ͱн޹
֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôˣԼǸʲô˼
Ȼûʧĵ˵ĸ˵ո⼸ռбﲻƻЩ˸һҡӰҪѣЩ˶ѳӰЩ׽֪ʲô⣬ǧҪƭˣ
ֻһĿʲôһЦ˵ĸˣЩ֪ģǶҪͨЩˣ
һҲһƻİڴЩĻصĹϵҲҪ鰮֮ĸӽܣǼᶨԼеĻԲȢ
ǹϣһŮ֮ôܻЩοһŮ˼ҵͷ¶ô£㻹ǸϽЪҪȢ˼ŮԺôǸֵģԴǵ˵
ЦȻҲȢˣȴ˵񶼵ķ춼вֻͬҪŮҲˣƻ㲻ͷ¶档Ҷ˵ƻȢĸͲ˵ˡ
ôôأŬѹеŭ𣬷˵ΪãƻȷʵúãӣʵǲʺΪһ֮ĸϲҲˣôĽᷢأ
⻳ֶΣ迴ʮֺЦҲʹԼ鶼ǴĿĵģ
ĸضˣѾȻģᶨ˵
Ӳԣߵŭǳѹסˣ㵱ҪǲǣãҪȢңҾһͷײڴϣϲ±ɥ£
ĸ㡭û뵽Ȼơ
һĿ㲻ҪΪЦ㸸ʲŸոչĸֱ㵽ܲܰȢ
ĸ赱ҲЩֻԼĸ׾ȻĿ
ȴǲТ֮ˣǲĽƵⲽأֻܰĸĲˣǶһݻǡ
ȻֻݻȴҲ⼫ˣ軹ƿ֮£һ㻹Щģ㼸쿼Ǳˣ
迴⸱ģȻ֪Լãֻôߣǵ³סҲûбİ취
ƵĻ޹ڲ軹ûкȣͻȻ֣ڵϢȵ˵ӣ˽ˣ
ʲô赱Ѳ豭ˤϣô£
ԭѹ֮󣬱ؽ˴µ֮У￴ܡ
⼸æҲûȥֻ˴۹ǵı
ǸģÿѯͶתתһص˵һ֣ҪιȥֲĶº֣Ū˲ýѶˣһҲǿ಻ԡ
ѶǳŪˣһ±ûסĸˣˮҲûѡ
ϢҲûе£û裬ȥ˴򣬰˰
ûϴͻȻǷѣ޷֮£һֲۣ֪Ӧİ˸ˡ
ȥ飬ȴǾ˼һ㣬ûѶ
һжʾţѾв𣬶춼ĵҲ١
ҹûҵ˿֮󣬵ڶȥոϢƻ
ƻȻҲŭȴҲûǣ˵ǰ˸ߣǻõҪ£ҺܿҪѣҩ׼
ѾڲˣĿɫ̧ߣҲûֳҵļƻ֮⣬мȴҪ̹ס
˱ڷ̸ãٳʱϵı鶼˼ɣߵҲûôˡ
 

ٰʮ 

˺Ͱն˵ǰ㣬ͣ˵ǻͷĳ졣
Ҳӳ춼ռߣҰģŪҲð
ʮ֮Ϊ׵ı壬ıų˵£Ҫͼ񡢿š
춼ҲȻ󲨣ıҲͰˣƫƫȻֵ£ȻȥȷʵͻȻǱ֮䣬ҲֹⷸŪһʱ֮Ļ̡̻
ȴδԽֻͣȻʮ춼գѾмǳˡ
˿ͣ𣬾̵Ѳ˹ϵ
ԴǲŲʣ鼫ٷͣյļƫǱߡ
ûжãڶỊ̇ȻҲȻ֧˵ӣ
һڽڣȻѽĻΪЩһķȥԭŵҲʼҡˡ
ٶ˴ģѾҲڲϵӡ
һδƽһҥԣԭͲȶĳãӵ᧿ΣжӰ죬羹ԸԿѾ
ڳ֮Ҳ̲סƢǲһڿҾôڹѵͷȴûһԸ˵ߵԣñı˸ʣ
ȴһƬžŭֱ˦뿪˳á
ȻһǾϹۣϷڹҲƻ˸Ϣѯ˼
ƻʼնֻĸ֣䡣
ǾٲҲ˼
¼ȴڳͣǳлǾӪУ˿ʼ궯һĶ裬һ뿪
˼գǱû˿ĶҲٰ࣬ҲҲˮ档
ΪԼ޷죬벶ȸں迴ԼǰһƵ¶˼⣬ʱˣ
ڶ糯Ѿ˴ɫҲѾȴٳûг֡
һʼ̬ƽͣ˽һʱҲʼ
һѯ˶ûУҲ뿪ֻܵߵţ쵽ôһ¡
м˲δߵĽǱҲӵĻţ⼸⼸һֱڰˡ
ʮֵĽţͷ亹ûͣ˶ЩȻҲҪŤɫȴǺΧĻӵĸ롣
һһεʱ䣬Ѿ˼尾
սѹֵмʱֻ̫ߺһϼݵ
˷ǵûһڣһķĸˣǲˣ趼ûеǻĻϣ
ȵĿ⣬ۼ˴ſڣŽŲһĿһ۵Ӱ̧̤˽
һ˵òſڵĳ˲˫ϥһֱӹڵء
ĳȴΪ˱⣬òǺɻǵķӦô
ı߽ȥòҲչ˵С
̣˾ȻѾȥǣ餶Ѿ̣
˶˹ڵϣһߺš꣡
̲һϸ̨һ֮󣬱ɨˣųɣ
Ҫ̸ףܶȶվվֻ໥ţɢɢվ
ʵҲһģЩ˸ûз
ϣ⵽ôһ°ԼҼϾиɵݣ˵ҲһЩʳ롣
ɨһۣЦһ޲ôô֪ԭ޵ߣȻôҳӣ
ǱһָϽһĸߺӢ
ʵĻҲˣʲô׵ģ˶ӸƭˣȻѾ˱˵ĶͷԣȻôһϷǵҰı¶ɡ
ֺúõҲ֤ʵνɱ߱ıλͲڣЩǸͲ֪ճˣ
˵飬ȻҪˡ
һԽʯ޾Ҫ֮⳯ϣ׻ûзû뵽ȻĲ٣˵źݺݵһӣȵǻеܣͶվ
˶ͷһվöͬľ׮һ㣬һҶ
ûһվҲ̵֮УЦһȻˣ԰ǶһȻһ֣̫ӣޣ
 

ٰʮ Ϊ

ȥ
վɣ̿Ҫȥ˵
˵ͷվࡣ
̱ͷʮ˵֣ɫĿ¡
һ֣һȺ̱ڵϣǿվȵģҲŵɫ
ȻһϵϣѺŽʮ˽ϵս׶ûѣһ۾ܿǾеĽ졣
ЩˣҪȥͶָŭֲûһԸǰ߹أǲҲ㣿
ɨ˴佫ϡ
Щˣ̹ͬԸǰؽѾٻϡ
һȥˣ޻òˣһͳ죬ɣ
ޣԼҼһΣûеڵϣ
Ȼ˵Լҵӣھȴһ·򣬲ͳλõģҲԼҼһֱΪ飬ôû뵽ΪӣȻ׿Լң˳˻Ϻ̫ӡ
ĩμϣμ̫ӡͱԳȻ࣬ǼվǷƤǽСɫ䲻ȴӢʣζ
̻Ȼ˵ֵ˹Ҵ֮ʣȴֻҪֻܱͳ죬ҵ̫ӱļҪǰȥѹѾǲǹְ֮ϣѵͲ𣡡
˶ͷҷһۣ
һ˵ͳ죬޷Ϊ󽫾ʮѹѾ
ϣԼæվ˳˼ͳ첻Ű꣬ûдľ飬ѵΰ
̿һۣԴ̫ǫˣ˵˭ͻ̵ģ̫ҲǺ޾飬ھһĥģ
Ȼ̧̫ӣԼʵ޻˵ֻŵӦһ˵Ȼһޣüͷ
Ȼ˵Ѿϴ貢ûɱ̣ܹǰҲԼҵҫܹʤ̵ǰ£սܣǻʲôҫԣ
ּȴĿбӣӦ
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ֽйŵЩҵˣ糯Ҳǽˡ
ϸûϢ̴˳ȥ֮㴫ĶУǲӡ
ԭߵİǣҲ׷׵ת˷򣬴ҰģȻĻѻԻǡ
ò׽Ҳ˲̵̮ĽʮֵĿȡ
ѾҲͣûټš
ԭ̳ļƻҲݻϾóȻҲûʲôô
գ̺ڵ£˵ǰī
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о裬ǰ´㣬īѸ𣬳ΪͳһɼҲҰĲټѾ԰׼ɣȻûʲôӡ
ҲЩ棬˽ˡ
īʵɣҲΪ˲Ϳݣʤȼ硣
̺蹧񣬡μϣμ̫ӵ¡
ƽɣ̧֣Ȼʵ֪ν£
īĿ峺ȴᶨ˵Ӧ֪ոĲТŮ׷Ȼ뷴һ뿪ˣ׼ʵϵ¡ʵǾѵܹ׼ǰΪʣΪϺ̫ӵµĲȡʱ䡣
һۣжǾȡ
˻𣿡̿һʵ
īͷĸͣûаԣ
üͷ΢壬ʵ֪ʱǰȥжôΣգѾ˰·ϣ
ȻףֻҪܰϺ͵£һֺηīԽϸдϡ
Ӻݣһվɵ飬޵ô棬ǲȷʵҪʱ䡣οڳаٷϴˣȱְһңʱɱʵڲǺʱ
ʱȥӣӻʱ䣬ȷʵѩ̿
̸˼ˣƴЦã޹Ȼûп׼ңȻΪЧģ̫Ӧáֿһ裬̫ӣ˵ǲǰ
ͷİīĿ΢˷ɼ˹һģ
 

ٰʮ ִ

迴һ۰ī˼ҲѾתǧءҾҲͰˣʲôĿҪȥ񶼣Ҳֻзȥܿϵʲôߡ
״˼ȻУȷʵûоܾĵ˵
̱Цã׼ˣھͻؼ׼ȥɣ֮ޱȥ񶼣
л¡īһݡ
ߺЩпû뵽ʱվľȻǰ׼ңʵǲ
΢΢ͷδ˵ʲô
һЩ飬ȥո
ôˣ˵æ𣿡ƻЩĿ
Ц㡣
ѵò˵Ļƻ߸裬˵
˵ֻҪ㲻ߣҾͻ㣬Ѿһֳ̬ˣö˵
ƻ豭ݸһۣƶˣ˵˵ʲô顣
һڲ裬ϵɫҲЩأѽīּȥΪʵ˵ˡ
С˾˻ǲһ˰ƻʵͬˣ
ͷǽʱ򣬸Ȼͬˡȥ񶼣ȷʵҲĵǲǻʲôĿġ
ƻĿҲ΢΢һ׼ȷʵ˿͸ƾǰ԰īļ䣬˸ĸоʮֱֵ
˵ҪȥΪʣܿΪ׷ɣϾһֱ۰׷
迴԰īӡ󲻴ȴģ˵ҲʲôֻǸУҲǳΪһ۰UI˵ǱϿǰĵ
ƻȻ֪ǰ֮󣬷ʲôôһ˵Ҳ΢΢һȻ飿ɫҲĳãʲôĿģ
Ҫ˵ʵҲ˵˵ܷѣҰӦþʢ׼档νʱӢֵۣҲҪҵɣ
ƻ˼ȥҲ벻ʲôõɣȻлһ˿Ťǳɵĵ˵ͷӦǰɣϾ׼ȷʵ˥ࡣ
ʱҲͰ׿ˡ
ʵ첻ңҲ˵һỰƻֶ˵
ʲôЩʵ
ƻ˶٣˵γȥ
ȥʲôǲͬ
ƻȱż˵һȷʵ鲻㣬˵ʵ⳯ϵĽмǴ̵ġȻҲûУۼıȴǲģ޵ͣض°빦
ɾܾ붼Ҫ룬ҲȥгԿ۵ģ
˵꣡ƻ˵˼թƻǾ͸˵ʵھùƾһޣǶԸˣһۿ˲Уߣ˶ɰī˷ĿģǰҲÿҪʲô
һɣȷʵ޷ܾġ춼ѲҲȲѡοƻǰǼʶģһܱ˷ʤ顣
ǣսϵۣôܰôΣյľأ
Уҡͷ޵߹֮Ի˽Ƕ˵ܹͨٴšҪǵȥ
ƻ裬ߺ˵ǱҪôģ㲻Ϊһˣȷ˱ЩʿڲˣҲǲ룬Щ˲һĹ򣬵һˣǱؽǿս㣬㽫ʿţǧٿ׵죬ôȥ𣿣
վ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҾԲͬսģ
裬ʱ㲻ҪִƻҲվ
˵оͲУһҪæˣ˵꣬ȥ
ƻ֣ûץסṦ߳Ժӣ˶š
ôˣܿ߹ôһܻģʵ
ƻϱһ˲ĲȻͬ⣬ûи֪ء
û£Ǹ䣬Щˡ˹˵
ֺֺܿЦºò׵ÿһˣôҪأ
ִ̫ˣȥ˵ĻƻԹһ䣬ʵĸҪʲôȥ
ܿ˵ȥĸһȥɣú˵һ˵
ƻͷĸ첲ߡ
Űܿ˵ȻԵδ겻ͬദһӵģϣпǷ¶Ҫǵðݶ֡
 

ٰʮ Т

ܿһ·Ϊ֮ƻֻһͷ󣬿ɰܿȴԽ˵Խ˷ܣһֱ˵ͣ
õϷԺӵ·һ̤Ժӣƻ̸ߺһ֣֣ѰܿĻˡ
֣ƿ˳ԭСͷˡ˵ų˸˸ȻЦϷ˸ղŻ߶ôСûأ
֣֣ſ˵ʲôߵϷ˸ߺһ䡣
֣ųЦЦȻ˽ȥ
Ϸ˼߽ȻʮָˣЩʱܿ嶼ã˳趨ʡ˱㶼żһЩ
˵һỰֲ֣ƻղСūʲô£
ƻһ۰ܿҲ˵Ļ˵֣ľԲˣָһݡ
ԭô£Сţūȥֵ֣ĸ˵ӦһҪȥȴܿסˡ
ôĳֲǲ鷳˼ֵһƻ֣ôˣô˼ָʹ
ƻǺգϽ˵ǣˣ֣㻹˵˵ɡȻԽ˵óһ롣
֣ЦסС㰮ūĶūҡ˵ū꣬ոĳӳûūգԲҲѲ˶ĹСūȥȥ
֣ƻϽȥ֣ȴѾƿӣ߳ȥˡ
ϷЦȥɣ۵ýԲء˵ĹЦ˵ģջҽ̵أĸһ㳢֪˭պˣ
һ̿
ƻĸˣ
Ϸļ򣬺ǺǵЦţĸһŮ˭أ
ƻֱ۽˽ԺŮҲúТ˳ĸģ
ƻڲͺТ˳Ϸ˾ԼǱһģůֻ㡣
ƻļ򣬵٩˵Т˳Ұ㿴ˣ
ƻ̧ͷŰܿЦһֺãҲҪúТ˳ģ
ֱֵܿЦϷ˾ȡЦˣѾͷǲТ˳ңҲúúТ˳
˵ģϷ˵ͷƻЦ˵
ƻͷĸ˵ҿɶǸĸѧأ
˵֮˱ЦһţֱðܿЦҲǣҲǣֻЦƻǸѾͷ
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ϲ֣Цһ仨˵ٸƻ
һ˺ڵ˵˻ỰϷ˱ЩˣܿǣƻȴＷһŴϣ˯˸
Цһ磬ƻŻػӡ
ȥ˰ܿûԷ˵һỰŻԼķ䡣
ױ̨ǰｫͷɢţһЦ˵СϷ˺ͷ˺ǿģ˵Ϸ˽˰뷹أ
ТҲӦõġƻžеĽϵЦ⵭ЩҲ֪ҵ˼
ͷ΢΢̾ϢϷ˺ͷûôͬġ
Ҳ֪ΣڼҲסƻҲֹס̾ƽϢıŹȥ˶ã춼ûлҪ̡ҪûվȽŸһټ𣬲ȻҪʱ䡣أҲĲ𰡣¾£ЩСǳûʱǸܵУ
ﲢǶԹһϲͨЩҲɵüҲɵĿοС㲻̫ģЩһףʱ俼ǿǣضͬС뷨ġ
ƻȴôãֻ˵Ըɣ
֤֮ûäĿֹȫȷģһֱȵī뿪춼ûеȵո
ƻеϢҲʯ󺣣òĻӦ
ڶƻֱӴвٲӲʹ
ɾвȻҲûһôƻЩˣҹֱӻҹ£ʹȥ
һʹƻԾ͸оʹҪɺܶ࣬һҲһ㷴ӦûУصط˹е
Ѹ٣һ㣬谭ֱ߽޹
޵ĺѹѹ鷿ȻһƬƻͨվºţЩ˯ģ
 

ٰʮ ͬ

ƻƹĵĴ򿪴ɵĵ˽ȥ
鷿ʮֵİֻżžƻ˳ǽǸڰ۵˿
ͻȻһ䣬˾ˣʲô
˭ˣƻֱ͵سϵŭ
Цèʲô
ƻһ߹ֻ뿴㹦˲ûУ
̿ҲҴ뵽еĿģϵЦҲ˼֡
ôô˯ƻϿһۣһһۣ㸸ʰЩˣĵǣһеĿġ
ͷ񷱶࣬ʹ˾񲻼ãұŴһЩ
ƻ˿ȥ֣ǾͷãҲôŰɣ尾ˣǸҲǸ񲻼õСͷˣ
ЦǷǳʱڣֻܰһȵȶˣҲͲˡ
ƻҪ˵ʲôȴһ˴еĿģһ㲻ˣ
Σò׽һΣ˵Щ𣿡
ҪǲңҲƻֺһ
ŭû飬Ͳǲǣ
㱻תƻ⣡ƻŲһףҸ㿼ǵʱѾˣûС
üͷվߵһߵϣ֮󣬲ſ˵ƻҲԸ㣬Ϊ˵ЩɣҸûа취ܾģҲˣҲ˽ĵģҲֻ죬Žʿǣ㣡ƻοѵľأ
ӣƻҲܣס֣ĵģĹҶ׵ģҲΪѡǣûа취ҲͰˣҪôܰĵĴڼ
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ƻŻ˵ҵȻ㣬ղ˵ˣҲˣõϵ飬Ѿˣôܼ˱߹أң㲻ҪСңȷʵΪ㲻٣ҲҵıΪıôЩ꣬ڵĳɹģҲҵģôܿΣ޶ԣΪΣҲҵΣ
趯˶촽Ҫ˵ȴƻϡ
˵ҾӦûıӻ֮£ԺڹУӣ
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ڲ˼ԶеΣգúõڼţƻЩʵ˼
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⻰˵ƻļһϽֱסҲҪôֻ࣬վߣ빲
̾һ֪ųãȥɣȥ
ô˵ƻȴûоһɣȻһĶˡ˵ЩʲôϣܸһЩο˵ʲôܸһİοֻñʲôû˵
ǶˣƻҪҲһ׵飬Ͼܲ˼䡣
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ڴͬʱǱ춼ı̽ӣȻпʼϵϷ壬֮ҪƷ̣һĻʵۡ
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Ҳûųֱ͢ӱȥΪܳһ롣
ƻ֮£ȻѾֵ˾֪ոλҳ֪
˼죬˶ڳ£˵ˡ
 

ٰʮ 

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ƻʮֵΣֱܸ˵ȴôòŸǵԭȻͬʱŮˣҲŮ˵޿κΡ
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Ϸ˿ۿҲ΢΢һ죬ѵûһҪս
ûˣĸֻûܱȵҰˣƻЦ˵
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ϷţҲɵıݺᣬҲ۰ƻҲǲ֪浱ڸǸ֪һͲܸı˵ģ
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ܿһΣϣָƻŭТŮҪڲǲǣ
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ĸƻҲЩᡣ
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ƻ˵飬ûа취ڰнУ鷳˵ʶ֮£ôǰȥ
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ƻڰܿߣ֪ǵңŮŮûʮĺȫ׼Ҳ׵Ľ飡ңֻҪһ꣬һ֮ڣŮܹ񶼣Դ飡
̧ܿͷʵ˵Щʲô˵ʲô˵𣿣ѾôˣȥɣֻûûŮˣ
ƻһҲʵⲻͷŮԸŮֻûа취Ϳ̿ŮԼڣ
ܿһվãǴʴ壬ȥĴ󽫾ĴӢȥɣ˵ֱ˳ȥ
ƻȥ׷ȴϷ˺סˣƻֻһʱܽܣԼһúһɣ
ƻͷЩǵһۣҲû뵽ܿķӦȻ󡣵Ȼû뵽Ϸ˾ȻһڴӦˡ
̾һôҲнˣͿ֮ϣ׻һʲôˡѾ־ڱУԲʲôԼҺŤת
 

پʮ ϳ

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ƻҲЩƣȴҲû̫İ취ֻĬĬܡ
ڰܿԸϷˣϷ˶ҲܸȰһȰ̫ġ
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Ȼ󲿷˶ǲõģþٻӹ͢ûˣҲԲһûйûдŮ˴ģ
۵֮УĳĶľʱһȶ١ƻֻ֮ЦҡҡͷСǮϡ
ЩѾǣе˽Ǯѹܳ棬ֻŵʱ׬һʣ
ѾְȻĽ׶ΣƻҲüڼİ֮£ֱ糯
ȻҲ糯֮󣬴󲿷Ȼ֮Աǣָ˵֪ܣ
ƻȴţֱͦݲվڴ֮ϡ
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ӵУҲ뾭ѵϾԸּӣԼͶӪУһȭһŵĴԼһƬءڸΥ游ı裬ͶЧ裬
ҲˣֻԱġ֮ǰҲã̫ӻǺͿˣôȻһŮŵأֱ̣ǰûиһ䡣
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ʱ̫ߺһ̱ӵ˽һϣһ׵Сϡ
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ԼԼһһŮһСŮӣСŮû𣿣
ϷŮ磡Լһ䣬·ƻǶࡣ
ƻҲգֻƽĶ˸˸ӣСŮռҵŮƻϣλᵽСŮʱܽһռС㣬ٲñֱӽСŮ䡣ĪҪԴһ㡣СŮȷʵΪŮӣȴжһһȭȭı֮ģСŮûԷƱȻֻԡСŮӡƺԼңСŮԼûйи׵书֮ϣҲλصʸ񣡡
ۣⷬҲЩȣһֿۣһޱ裬ǻЩ˼
㣡Լ˵һûһʹˤһӡ
ڳ㿴ҿ㣬˼䣬վ˳Դ˲ǲ㣬ֻų֮ϣʵڲСĵط
ƻһۣȻһˣ֮ǰٰСĸף͢ˡ
˵ǣСŮҲȷʵǳŮĵطƻ˸˵ֻСŮȷʵһЧģλȴСŮʤΣֻó²λ˱׼䡣
 

پʮһ սȺ

ʲô˼㲻ҪԼݣһС㣬ѵľԼбЧҵ𣿣
˵ºͣҲһһ佫վԴǼҵ˵
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һһƻʹţϷסˣһֱվ˳˵Լɲˣ֮ǰСǵ˺üѵ㣬ץ̽ӽʮˣǴһ
ԼһСˣ
Свվ˳ǵСôԼץס̽أ
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ԼɫЩǺ죬ǿʶϷۣ
¹ٿԼ޻˵˰ɣϱһЦ
ԹԹ٣ҪľһÿڲţԹٳ˵ˣŰø֡
˵ȷʵһͣҲ˵СսСǰѴ̫ˣݱضҪСΪҲҪģ
˵ŴһƻǸС΢΢üͷӡУƻһ֪ĴС㣬СǼ粻ֲܿĴʵǲģ
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㣡
ԼȴסЦԼһ˶ûֵǶƻҲЩĹۣϾվڴ֮ϣЩλȨصĴ󳼳ǹսݵʶ˹Ŀ࿴ο˵ƿԡ
 

پʮ 

ȻƻԼ˵ƿԣԼ˵ƻа飬ȴҲܲӣھҪͷڣԺӰ쵽ƻ
СȻ˲ͬʱԼѾУס˸Ǳ̫Ȼ˾
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ֿһ裬δЦ׼ˡ
ƻͨʿһҲͶ˵ʲôˣ͵Ű֮Ц
ǿΪǶĺܣӪеĺӶʲôԣο⻹פضǵĹٱһС鶼ܸһԱЩСϵŰĺܣôܻһŮӵĹ
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̾һˣһв˳ˣôˣ
㣬š˵ô˳ҵˣģһ㶼˳ҵ⣡ƻյ
̾һ߹ȥԼôҪһϲϲôõ
㻶ϲϲˣҲôģɣҺ飬ôԲһƻֱӰѻ˵˳ۿҲź
αסıûУûжԲңܹǲ˵ģϾĲԸȥ
ƻһֲһȥˣ𣿣˵㵱ڱ߹ָ꣬𣿡
ôһأʱге鶼ҵƿ֮УǱ߾ô٣Ƕ֪Ǻϸ˵˵˵Ҫң᲻ᵣģ
 

پʮ ͺ

ƻ̧ͷЩŭҾôûзִǲǣǱߵҵǱȻҪȻóȻ֣˶˵ʱ뿪񶼵ʱҿ˲ϵһֱҲûж̣⼸ȻϢˣǶٻеģϢûȫʱӦϣһܰЩ˵ϵײ
üɫģҲ˼Ц⣬˵ıǼ⣬㵹Ѿˡ
Ȼˣƻ˹죬˵㻹ţѾѸ״뵽ˡǳı֮ǰЩö֮ʦǰȥͶˣڱض׷Īһ뿪Ṇ̀Ϊһ⣬Ҳ󽵵ͣĲʱҪһʱ䣬ǱͻûվȽţҲԪ
迴³һȷʵСˣ
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ƻЦЦѱ߸Ѿͷˣ㿴һĶɣ
Цҡҡͷһ˿ԾҲ˦Ժ
ƻֱǺͺ˶Բԣ
ְҲӦãЩΪңΪ죬һҪ
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Ȼ֮죬ƻûȥӪ˵緹ŻһľװŽͽˣƵ߽˾Ӫ
Ӫſڵ̲飬߽ӪСȻ͵ĺܣһͿŮҶʮֵòһ·ӪߣѾ൱ߵˡ
һʮʮ٣һ߱㼷˲ˣǽΧۡ
·ˣƻ㿴һĿĺӣʵλֵܣ֪ԽӪһ
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ֵĸʲô
ʱ޲Ⱥ˽ƻЦԭСˣôǰ˵һҺȥһ㣡
ʲôϷƻǸӣһȵָƻǸС㣿
ƻһۣ˵ҲǺԶĻͷԽ
 

پʮ Ӫ

Դɢ֮Ѿ죬ʱų֣Щȡ糯ϣֳҪԸǺǿңΪȲӪʼѵٸʿȴٳûй
ڹȴʮֵɢûһŵĸо
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ƻһЦżѾߣȻ˵ԽпյĻ֪ܲĴһ
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תͷȴΧˣ̳Χˣȵ̫ǲǣȥУȥ
һȣ˶㬵߿ˣǿĺӣ˿ƻ˵ʲôҲûǰҲת뿪ˡ
ſƻЦСɡ
ƻͷͬһ
ϾܵĽӪǳפأɵĺ걸
ᴩӪ·ʯ̳ɣ۵ӣֱͨʹ治Ҳȷб䣬һʱ֧ӣϹȥ
ְλ佫ס˵ӪʣʵѾשݳɵķݣҲª
Ա߻޽´ƻվ߿һۣɳ̣Ϸһ޷ͼǷӰҲзԵΣõĺǹׯϡ
Ӫʺ´ǰУ
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ҲֻУ⿴һۣУ˵ĵطûнġ
֮ƻҲޣ֪Уҿɷá
Ȼµͷͬ⣬Ȼԡ޴
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ϵĥ¹ĺۼǸոģɼȷʵ޴ԼֵһЩ
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ȻŵùԽƻЦЦֿ㶼ҹǰɣ
ӦһȺȴЦûôҲв϶Щ˻޼ɵĿƻߵ˲֪ʲôǷЦ
޿ˣŭһվˣͷӶʲôӣС˻ѵǵģһҷһ㣡
һ˵ĹȻ࣬ǿƻĿϷʺ
ƻɴŵЦ⣬ȫ⣬˵лԽˣ˻ԼҪģɲҪ˵Ǻٻǡ
ЦЦС˵ǣĳ²Ϊ
лƻתͷ˵ˣȥɣһٹ
˶ЩȣԭΪ϶Ҫ˵ЩʲôԺ֮ĻȴֻǼ˼˾˻ȥˡ
ƻȴûвʲôԣûжû𣿡
Ͻ˵ͷжӣȻ뿪ˡ
Ҳʮֵɻһ߾ƻҲ̫Ϸˣһ־ǲǻʲôİš
ɻûеʣƻЦŶ˵߶ԽˣʱҲˣǾȸˡ
Ҳû쵽ѯĿĵĳ̶ȣֻõ˵ͷ˸ˡ
˲뿪ߵĸЩЦ˵Сǵɴ𣿹˹ˡ
޿һۣҹܺ죬˵Щûõģ
ǽ
ֿһѾԶˣתۻ˴Ӫƻʮа˾ǻһȥϱߵģԴûо飬ڴϵı֣һʲôװǻ֮ǲҪ½ֻۣԺٿǡ
ƻһҲ֮ǰУһ·񱼣ϻոʱøʱ䡣
ϣϷӪе
 

پʮ ȥ

Ϸ˷ʣƻû죬ȴȲƽ˵Щ˶С㲻ĺܣһ·ָָ㣬С˵ҲһֱЦ
ϷüǿƻǸŮ֮
ĿбӳԷİܿȴһ˵ôСȥǴҰӵľӪȡЦŹ֣
ƻ˽һЩ죬æͷʶԼ˵˻
ƻָϽ԰ܿ˵ʵûн˵ôأϾһİˣ뿴ֵ̬
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ģƻĵʮֵܣϷ˿ҲֱҡͷֻοԵƻ֣ʾԷ
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ͬվñֱĽͽˣȺһʱĳĬ
˺ǵĶ˵ˣǴҪǲǴСӹˣҪҵ̼İҪС㻹ǱҴ̼ȥɣǣǻúŸԽսɱأ
̼ƻЦһ⻰һǸλЩˣжϹսģˣʺˣжɱ˵ģ
˺ңҾɱǸ̫ӵ¿ģһվҿǲμˣɱˣ˵ǿСѾС˰ɣ
˵꣬±ߵֺЦ
ƻҲգͦΣĿϬĿ˵ˣʵɸǽսɱе飿
Ȼ˵˵Ĵ
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˵ȷʵ࣬ǿӵľһؿڡ
ƻ˵Ǵǣʮǿ࣬Ҫ֪ʮӷũǾĶأȢһϱˣ
 

پʮ ս

ȢϱĻ⣬һ´ƺرܴЩ˵񾭣˺ٺٵЦ˼ȭͷͱţЩЩ绰ЩȴΪм
ǲʲô飬Щ˶ΪƻĻ˱ı飬ЩҲƻûôųˣڵҲӮЩ˵Ŀ϶
ֻƻЩĸĹۣеֽεΣ춼Ůܲ׵һס
˵һỰʹ˻ˡҲЩÿʱЩˣƤӵ͵ˣȴûзһʼƻ¶࣬ȴЩ޵ݡ
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˵󻰵Ǻб£ãǽʶʶСͣ
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СҪǴҿǲΣ
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ǴС˶ɳＸѾͷɱ֣ټǵԼ⣬Ѿһɱ
СȻһͰһ߳ߺڵʵ̫˼ˡ
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ȻûģսҲˣҪȰܸ˲Ҷˡﱾͱһɲǰ׷Źˣÿ˶ݺݵʹһ٣һǱ׵ģʮҡ
Ǳߴ󲿶Ѿѵˣ˶ӿΧۣЩ׵ָָ㣬һĺЦ
 

پʮ Ŀ

ôȡЦЩ˺޲ðͷͼһͷûа취ˡ
ܿҲ飬СѾȻҲôҪǹôѾ߸ұȣǲϷŪ𣿣
ƻЦһ򲻹Ǵ򲻹ԼŵļҿڣǺЦһǾ仰ùҵѾǲʸҴ򣡡
ҿͲҸǴѾ߾ĵưˣ˴
ԱҲŸͣҪĴһܾˣǵǺѾߴҿй
ǣҵֵطˣװǻƣԵԼжƵģб¾Ǻúüʶʶ
ռ𣬻Ϊˣб¾ʹһܣķڷô£
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ҪԼŪøһЩʡõʱٻԼʵ˵ȻǴ򲻹ҾͲսıмˣǴȥˣ˭ֻҪǴˣһ֣ͬ
⻰һٸ˼ʮ־ûӣǴ򲻹Ҫȥ̫ˡƻŵӣҲ˲ö˲ˣ̳嵽Ⱥȥ֪ıԼǿˡ
ɾЩԮûǰܵô죬Ҳӽ°
ǲȥ˼ȴҲǿǿֲˣ̾ǱһӣʽԽӵϴͿ¡
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ûˣɱ˵Ǿôһʵƻ̲ס
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ڽֵʱȺͻȻһ֪ûʸСһս
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ֱޣǱϾݣûֱ˳ƻȻǺܻӭ
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Ҳ˵ķӦֱߵ˸ǰ˵Сôأ
ûô뷨ֻԱȭţǼʶʶʵˣƻЦЦ˵
Цȴ˼֣˼ҪƻһԼóķ棬ҪϣȻǾȭš
СҪˡʾԵ˵
ƻȻ֪е뷨ǾԼûʵƫҪһԼûʵ
ˣֻҪȭš˵ţָָԼıһȡ
޿ģȻΣǵ˵ͷȻˣǾͺúõıһȰɣ
ãƻֽţޣ˵Ҫ˵ǰ棬ԽҪǸŮӾҲͰˣô˿ɲҪӣ
ЩŵĻ΢΢һˬʵĴЦȻС㶼ô˵ˣȷʵ汾²ˡ
Խ˵ǣƻҲЦЦ
޲ʤ䣬ʿȴǷŭֱӽ޺úõĽѵԺô֪ߵغ
˿ɲôܿͰں˼ƣ˫û
ƻ˿ޣ֪ȻôСԼǾԲȶԼˣҲͲؿ
ԭض˶ǸԷһźţȻֱӾͳ˹ȥ
κܿ죬գ۱Ѿ޵ǰֱ̧㳯°ȥ
ȻҪʱĶǱٶȺһ̲κС˼һֻ˵ǿ㿪
 

پʮ ʤ

ƻһУҲʲôԭûֻǸѰˡ
һٴеģȷʵѾʶʵˡ
ƻǹһĨЦһ䣬һֱӳ߹ȥ
⵲ȻȭƻȥһЩɣƻ׾ٵĶ˹ȥ
һôˮƻҲɵ̬ȣֱһȭȥԾֱϥײؿϣһ
ƻһЦҿԽԴ֮ıԲźãô˿ţôˮԺ¶ܷڣ
Ȼô˵ҲգڵԼؿڣ¶һˬʵЦݣȷʵССˣȻҿҲҪóЩ汾
ƻӡҲԽӺˣҲ¶˼˿Цݣ˶ԼļһȭĶЦԽҲѷ֣˾ͷſһܾܲˡ
ҲЦãСҪСˣһ䣬ֱӳ˹ȭͷȻƻٶٽģһɨȡ
ƻҲѶãʽ˵Ȼֻȭͷʼ
ˬ죬Χ۵ˣһ°ͶҪˣʵû뵽ƻȻĺá
ٸˣǺ޲ҸԷȥղ˵ֶôֱ׳ھжôѵ
ʱƣǰʵĲҲ׿һĿĿת˫ֱŹ⣬Ǳһк
ƻ䲻⣬ʮɣǱϾЩȱھвˣԳơ
֪ҪսپȻ򲻹Ǿֻܽƫ档ʡܿƵеģȻֻϾô˵棬ʵ޵ϣɱеģҲĴޡ
Ǳȡһеİ취ȥֱץסֱۣһ°ɵ̧˫ȼסؿڣûзӦʱһ෭ֱӽᵹڵء
ƻҲս޵ľ룬˵Խǻǵ㵽Ϊֹɣ˵˫ֳϥϣŴ
źվϵıʵЩÿһû뵽ȻһŮ£ȻӦĳɷڣڻǾúǾ档ߣʽҲ˵㣬ûмӴҪôʽȷʵܴ󣬾ģˣϵˣھȻһƵģ˵Ҫ㵽ΪֹʵЩЦãǲò˵ȷʵûôˡ
СȻóã˹֡
ƻֱӣͣİ֣ҲǽҰˡ
ЦЦҲû˵ʲôֻһЦ
ȴһƬžҲֻСţȻϵıҲ𾪵ģƻСȻİԽˣҪۿˣǶţ
֮ȻʹıˣѾ緹ʱ䣬˷Żѵ
ٸȴˣƻЩʮֵ
ƻɱֱǣǻʲô˵𣿡
ֱҡͷҲһϻǴżֲ˱ֱ˵ﻹʲôãֲָѵҪǵʱϲ˵Ľȣǿǲսģ
ƻЦһĲҵģҲţߴߣʱһԽЩҪҵ˽Ųȱ˵ġ
ЩҲƻȻĸɴ࣬ǲߣҲôԸ
ƻɲôã˵ȥԷɣ˷ٵУϣͿʼѵãҪĲǾͲˣεĵɢ
˵֣ǵķӦֱӴѾ뿪ˡ
ӪеķʳȻ˵ϣƻȻҪ뵽һȻҲ̫⣬ҲͳЩڲʲôķʳӡ
˷ҲЩǱУ
УеʿѾˣڸʾǶڿš
ƻٸҲѾϺˣÿҲ֪ˣûߣҲ˵ĸ˵ˣȻȴޣԼ˼˵ˡ
վڶǰͷվñֱһĵţ˺һᣬŶʮ˻Щһ˷ܼˣƻرѺк
ƻЩԣһԽ͵ԽһûԸ˶Ը⣬ֻжʮǴ˺һӣЩ˶ʤġ
 

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ƻ֮ҡҡͷҲû˵ʲôֻǹӣȻ˵֮ǰ˵ʲôǶǵãȻҲǾ˼ǵģҿǲЩɧˣиҶҳԲѷҹصˣһǷΪֹ
˵ײײԼȭͷ֮ǰûйķЦҲмײС
˲ɵıһ߻ü
΢һԥǾûлˣİ£ʲôˮȣʲôֽ
ǵģᡣ
ǰ죬ǵҪΧʮĶУȦУƫķһȦҲǰ˰ףҪ˵ʮȦҲܹġ˭˵һܾһģԷ߻ȥʮѣҪǻӣǶȥ
⻹ֻ磬磬ϰֻҪݾԿҲǲˤңˤ㣬ҪƽʱҲͰˣôǿȵѵûĻụ̂һָͷܸƵˡ
ˤһĸͷԣֻ˵ϻظذ˼ǱԷ˯֮ǰƻҩݽţҪ໥Ħˡ
ǵҪ˳ˣƻ˵˭˵˭˭Ҳϳ˭˭Ҳܲ˱һŮ׷Уܣοۡ
ܲˣ򲻹͵УܲʱƻǣԴʱƻҲԱ߿ţ͵ɷ˵Ҳһᡣ
ЧҲǷǳģȻôߵǿȣǵ岢ûгʲô⣬ǵڶҲû۹࣬ΪһֱԿ˭Ҳ뱻ˤսļȻҲˡ
֮ǾȻѾӦǿˣȻۣȴûҪҪĸоˡ
ƻҲ˵ȦܵˣԴʱȻͶˣļͶơҲָһЩҲɿ졣
ԴҲǳ󣬶ҶҲˣǲеģܵҲЩˣƻҲʱҩ
ˤϰˣʾȻҲһء
ת۰¾͹ȥ˵޾ͨʿЩ˵ľòȫǰˣӽ˶ãҲϬ
ټϣƻʮעǵվˣԼȻ޿ޣǱĬ֮£ǵҲʼͦΡ
̴͸λ󳼣ԼУУ֮ϣֻվƻѵˣʣµı޵ٸˡ
һ۱ܿ÷ӣĶԱЩ޹⡣
ȴôȰ̿ƻʵ
ƻش̣֮⣬ҪĵȻű󣬽Խˣݣ˭ܴù˭
һװһͷڷԺֻһڲЩʱҲɹһЩٸ䣬ֶ˼Ӣ
һִĪƿ۾
ⲻȤĵͷתͷޣԽΣ
ҲЦСעⲻǾͱűɣ
ȻҲûзԣȻЩӣ˵űǶڵſƻЦ
ֻһˣרעĿƻ˾еıӣÿף쿪ʤ
ƻ΢΢üһĵг
˱ӵ㽫̨ȥ˴Ŷվߣ
ϴεĽѵһҲСƻˣҲǾ˼ǵġʮ֣ԶĶԷȻһƶԷͣʣԿ
ƻȴֱӵĺܣֱǾһִƣдųìΧһȦ
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̧ܾͷγһ壬ܲ͸磬ȻǼͷմʯҵͷҲ䲻ȥһܼǰƶ
üʵͺͶƵʱ֪ԼĹûˡ
̵սԣԭһΪΪֱӳԲι˽ȥ
ƻҲһͣأ
ѾҪߵİͣ˿Ҳûг
ߵԣҲǰƻͰΧȻӸȻͿι̣δܵصסĳ
˴۾ǣ޷֮󣬰УͻȻ˳ìͱ˹ȻҲûìͷģɴţմʯҷۡ
ս˶ͱУֻ˳
 

 

ԭΪֻһǾͺõģһéȥһé˳ʿЭͬսҲϵ޷죬ɱǺܿɹ۵ġ
һĹʧ룬ǵֻżᲨŤһ£ûбơ
һٸûа취飬ʣµЩȻҲܡ
Ϊ˱ս˻ء
ˣƻҲûȻǳ׷ֻȣ
Ǹֿʼ޵Ķ
ҲóȻ˽ԽԽ־òԴУǽȫһ棬ֻҪܰͳ忪Ǿͻлᡣ
ɳ嵽ǰ֮ŷͲЧǽķʽûʲô⣬ǶڶУȻóìߴַ̣ȴޱȵЧûãвմʯ˳
ۿԼԽԽ٣ǶԷ˿޲òһˡ
̨ϵҲĿɿڴ̸ƴƻһٿ佱
µˣҲһɣҲû뵽ǾȻʤףûкķһһ䡣
С㲻ô˵ճŮմʮڴ̡ѹ˵̫ӵ¶ŰϣȻǻȮŮ
⻰һֲ˸ͣ˽̨֮ϡ
ƻЩճͷβûаŮıľʲôʱɱûдڹʲô˵Ƕģһʹͷܡ
ûгһڵҲ
ȮŮ⻰˵Ĳǿǲд̵ˣ̿ڳʵ
ԼȻҲʮ־ȣôܻưոݣ˵Сȷʵ츳ϾٸˣǾôְ־ĵѵȥıʮʮȻ⣬δܴôˡ
ֵ˵ͷ˵ҲûдϾֻٸˣûģǼʮȴδؿСС㣬ʲô˵
ƻϵ˻ô˵ЦԴ˵ĵȷʵ޵ףƻԴһɻ˵һ¡ٸ˻ǼʮˣСŮ׷áΪʵǳļ򵥣СŮֻǼǵܣѵǵʵս淶ǵվˡǸӵǿ׳ʵսɱĵˣվ˻ΪĹ淶ǵòȻһ¡ѵĹ̲ûˣԽӦöǿġ
ᵽԼҲ˵ʱСѵʵܼ򵥣ΧУܣȻ˵ĶԴ򣬵ȥּ֮еĶսȻֲһ䣬Ҳãķƹ㵽ȫ
ԼüҪȥšĶ䣬ǲԼˣȻվǱ˵
лԽƻһЦֶ˵ͣȷʵʺôʹãҸʺϱΧʱءСŮֻٸˣȻҪʺԼķʽǼʮˣȻб󷨡
ԼЦһԼһͳ˧ɣ
ƻЦⲻ䣬СŮȷʵšСŮʹͳ켸ʮͳ켸ӪʿΪȷҲǿԵģ
ǺôĿԼһ˦
ʱһֱδһ۵迪ˣ֮ǰڵϣԴѾ֤ԼȴԴȴɾͳȫǱһʣԴпʲôѡ𣿡
⡭Լɫһ䣬֧ҲûʲôѡֻСϾһŮӣҪ˵Ϊһͳ˧ȷʵǲװ
ЦһŮӣԴɲҪˣոΪӾǰŮӵϣ˵⻰ѵڿţŮӲڲ棬Ҫǿ࣡
Լɫѿ˵Ҳ˵û̵ľ顣
Ϊ˶ûо飬ıԲŸӵĹƽҲֳܷ£񸸻Ϊ󽫾û˷ԣǵƻΪʲôô˷أĿǣʵѵľΪһŮ𣿱ΪֻҪȹΣ֮УŮսɱУοƻκһӣ
˻һԼĬˣֻóӶ˵ʱͲӦô׾ͬսȴԼԼһӣڵֱ׳ķ
 

һ ״

գƻͱ̷˸һ
һû̫ϣҲò˴۾Ƕ뵽һŮȻΪ󽫣ձ
ʷϼûеġ
һʼۼǸģͳЩһֱǰѹ𢵱ɶϷ飬ôܽһŲŲĴС㡣
ìͷûм죬㱻ѹˡ
ǾдϢƻ޵ıԽģ˴Ϊ̾Ȼȫӡ
ߣϷ¥ŷΪĿ⣬׷װĽŮӢ۵¼ôһȻףⲢûģŮĲ˲
󣬱ǹռҵʷҲ˳ռҵսĴ󽫾ռʷҲڼϹõճһֱעռҵĲƸȨƣռԭ佫ҡƻΪһΨһȻǱϸģȻȺ
㣬Ҳʼһ޻̸֮ʼв̾ƻӢº͹ҡʱ򣬾е佫ˣһŮȴηףһˣʵȻ˲ò塣
ߵô룬ô˵ƻûйϵ
ϣֱߵС¯һɹð
ԱߣСĵķ¯̿𣬿۲ģЦһᡣ
ٲģ㿴Ｑӣдģϣŵųԡ
ƻһۣȻʵīǱôֻ˵תƵעǶ¯ӡ
Цƺ˳ϷǱһֱûʲô̸Ļ
֮ǰʧģЩԪ˭֪ΪīΪӵЧΪҪˣϢƻ˵ǿЩ𣬲Ҫڴһ̫λá
ͷ˵Ĳɫȴһ°ϣϷİ˲źãͲƻȥˡ
𣿡ƻ̲סߵ˴յ˹ߣߵζͲ̿ˮˡ
ЩЦƿ˸ӣÿӴ˴⣬˵ܳˡ
һ⻰ƻҪʢ
ס֣ɣＱӣҪô죿
ƻЦЦ̰ɫʢŵԼǰȻȲҨһӡ
ŵ߿һҪֹ裬û˵֪̣ҪȴһֲǸɵӣϹʲô
˵㴵ˣһںȽζ̹еζ٣ֻñûк֮ǰҪˮ
úȣĺúȣƻߴٵҲ㳢һ
Ҳһڣ˫Ҳһܣ˵ǰŷһΣҺŲ϶Ҳϲȷʵûϴ
ƻЦǿǶ̫ӵֺöңûҴζ
Ƥ˵ıǼ⣬㣬һ˭ȰɣȻһᶼҪˡ
ƻЩıǼ⣬ȥɵǺǵĺһͼ˵ס
˿۲Ѿߣƻû˵һСèˣԾͰ¯ӰߣԼȥɣ
ͽ̱¯ӣ˵л֮󣬱뿪ˡ
ůůë׺񶼱ˣͨů泩ƻϣ˸Ƿ۽ǹһ飬ĸèһ
̲סֲ˲۽ǣͷʵĸǱô
飬ƻҲ̲ס̾һӣ˵ı⽫֮󣬸ǼԸˡ
ʲô㣿ֵʵ
ƻ̾ϢһҸ˵ɣܲһֱҵ
ãϾĸŮֻҪ˵ˣҲûʲôˡ迴յӣüͷ࿪˵ģ֮һúչϷ˺Ͳĸġ
ƻЦЦҵȻġ˵ס֣ϣҲģһ˵Ļģһ룬ң
ֵ̾Ϣˣ˵ǷĲˣһġԭȳ鰲ˣǾͳףҩεȵʲô飬ҪȰѻˣ
ƻһЦҪȻڳ֮ǰǾͳɻ鲻𣿡
̸̸Ķͷ˵ʲôɵôôִٵļ޸ҡ˵ڵݳҲͰˣ̫ǿһɣȥˡ
ҲǣǾ͵ȻɣҴӦ㣬ʱҲҪɻ飡ƻͷ
ͷͷһǣҵȵ̫ˡ
 

 

һ˵һỰƻͻȻ軳̧ͷ˵ˣһһҰһ¡
˭Щֵʵ
ƻϴż⣬ôˣһȥһ˰ɡ
˺ܿոһ·֮ǰջٵǸոķ档
ש߶Ѿɾǻ԰Ĵ廹ţļɽͺǻеġ
ԼµҪԼȥ˭Ҳûжʣֻ˻԰һصĵط
ƻڼɽһȻ۶һʯͷ¶һص
߰ɡ·󣬽ͽҲȥ
Ĵлѣڣȵ㿴η
һηѺһѺ̡
˿ƻ߽˵ηſڡ
ߺԼȥȴߺҪɱ
ƻԶ˵ĶԶţֻתͷ˵Ƕˣ̫࣬һֱûд뿪֮ǰҰҸطðɡø֪ңҲ֪Ƕȥ
迴˷ǹŮˣ˵ͷãͽˡ
ӦʲôӦңճûУûУ
ƻģˡ
˺ã˺ãЦȴָ̣㣬ɱɱҵĳͱһˡʣǸ̫ˡֻҪǶˣĳԼĳȫˣ
ĴЦţЦˣֲ֪ʼЩʲôظģʮа˾Ѿˡ
ƺЩǣϢû֮ǰֻ˳Żڵϣһֱţˣˣ
ƻѾԸٿֱת뿪ˡ
߳˵֮ƻһϵıźÿһЩһЦȥɣ
̲סһ֣İο
ƻ˿Цһ˵ᣬҿɲΪǸе˸УҲΪ͸һ㣬ܰˡ
ȷʵֵ˷Ѹ飬ǵڣѾǺˡЦ˵
ƻһΪҲɱˣΪϷ˻ŲɱﲻΪﲻˡҿûô߰ɣվ˵Щʲô
˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
صո֮һֱ쵽뿪ƻȥϷ
˵Ҫߵ飬ƻ˵ܲһֱôȥһƫԶЩĵط֮ǰһУ¿ʼ
Ϸ˿̾һҲãҲãֻҪ͵ʲôطȥأ
ƻһۣҲûҲңȥʲôط֪Ƕá
Ϸ죬û˵ʲôֻ̾һԣԡ
ѹƻ˵ĸģܲԿˡ
Ϸ˿ò֣ʵúӣúӣ
ƻЦЦ֪Ϸ˵ɱ̣Ϸ˵ĸҲѾȣ֮Υ˼ֻھͰ̸ߣ͵һҲ֪ĵطԺҲ̲ס˸ɱˡ
ϷӣҲ֪뷨ݺᡣ
ƻټ⣬˵ĸʱҲˣǳ극ɡֲĸҲй
Ϸô˵Ҳֻ̣˲ᣬ¶ЩЦ⣬ﻹǲ㡣
ѽĸһȥеʱ򣬿ɱ˵ҲҪȻĸһģƻЩε˵
ϷЦҡҡͷĹִһ˺ֺЦ
ƻĸ첲˦˦Ϸûа취ֻ˵ȥаܿ
ܿƻתͷҪߡ
Ϸ˸Ͻס˵ԽԽǲǣԷתͷô£
ϷˣֻܿתһϷˡ
ϷŭôӶûǲǣ
ܿûа취ֻò鲻Ը˻һûиƻ
ôһᣬƻѾˣҲ̬ȣֻһ߸Ϸ˵һ߿Űܿɫ
ٷԵĲ죬Ҫƻһֱĥ䡣
ܿһᣬƻǹģվϷ˵ϷˣЩȻȥˡ
Ϸ˿һֿۣƻһۣЩεǺãȻȥɡȻ˵ƻﲻϽһȥ
 

 ͨ

̶ܿҪܾƻѾվ˵ãĸԣȥˡ
ܿüǾܾĻҲû˵ҲƻֱӴŽ뿪ˡ
Ϸ˸˸ӣƻϽȥҲóȻȥ˵ֻĬĬĸ󣬵ȴԽʹ˸ɫ
ЩףĿüۣǽ￴ȥֱ߹ȥ˺ߡ
ƻ˰ܿԣһ
ܿô֪ЩСԭͷҵģֱҳһ飬ûע⵽£һʯһ£һᡣ
ƻۼֿϽסûˤ
ܿƻ֮һһԲļǰߡ
ƻʮΣǺô˵ĻᣬϽ˵û°ɣûŽţ
ش͹۲һᣬ·û⣬԰˵֪ңǴһңҶûԹԣӡ
ܿɲԲЩƻҲӿ˲˵ˣʱĿѹˣҲԲã˭Ҳ˯ã˶˺ܶࡣ֪һģҲ˺ܶ࣬һҲҵģ
Ҳָܿشֻ˵Ҳ˵ˣǸԼҵ޶ҵĶ֣սһܱԼģǻŽͽߵİҲţټҵģȫһû⣡
ܿûзӦƻͷһᣬֻôЩһһŮ˲սսЩһҲͻˣ
⻰ðܿһ٣תͷŭƻǰ춼û˵һ仰
ƻۿ죬òӴΪʲôŬʲôţҪôʱҪˣ㵽ڶ˵һ仰ʥּѾˣûа취ˣҪҶˣǵһ˷ֱؾɱԲĸ߱ǣ
һ䣬ܿİҲϣͷƫһߡ
Ȼ˵ֻô꣬ǰǲǣ㶪ˣ˵ոɨǵʱʱֱˣ㵽ڣǰ˵ʲôؾɱܿһȷʵɷףָƻŭ˵Ҹ˵ʲô˵Ҳðֻܱ죬ʲôȥʲôҵĲǣãȻҸ˵Ҿ͸㣬ȥҪǸȥҾһͷײڳǽϣ㻹ܲܳǣ
ƻһȹӣֱӹǰЩ˵˵ġҪǲôܸ˵۰ҵģֻǵңҳ⣬ҸʲôʡúҸ˵һ˵𣿡
ӣֻܿһͷĿѣӶЩվȡ
ƻϽվһѷסôˣ
ܿ˰֣ͻȻûи̾һǱɡ
ƻ߽һԵͤߣͳﰲҩðܿ£ɫĻָƻһ
ҵĴˣ𣿡Ű֣ܿڰ˵
ܿһۣôܲӺò׹ˣȴƫƫҪȥðաһ̫ӣôҲǸˣôȥաͷģҪǳ£ⲻҪ𣿣ҲԼôôûб£˵Ҳ˵㣬ùҲðͰ˩Ҳȥ
˵ˣҵĴңƻ᲻ѣֱµ
ܿȴûˮƻͷˣﶼޣʵҲ뿪ˣҪȥȥɣڼ㡣ҪǻͻϲصĸﱸҪǻز͸̨飬㰲ȵߡֻ˵ʲôҲ¹µߵģոɥ£Ҫһ
˵ˣһǰһһһϲϲĻģƻɤӡ
ܿıˣ˲ˣȻˣҲʲôˡӹҲˣǻҪúõദԺź
ܿһĻһѰѵƻϣ۵뺰Ҫȥˡĺܣܿڱȴ˳⣬ΪǱҪȥġ
ܿҲ˺ĵģһ仰ֺγԼϣҲòôÿһĸ׶ԼĺȥյġֻǵҲûƻЭʹ֮࣬ȴҲĻǰ㣬ͨˡ
 

 

ʮ³Ϸ˵Ϸ춯
Ѯƻ޴ʮӾǳǰϲ߹ء
һ³ϲ߹أѾʮգ䲻Ѿһǳأо
ݱĴ񣬶ƻＸȫʧ
Уƻڵͼǰоо·ߡ
ϵٳһǣԵĲҲһɱҲӵܣǿռ˶ıˡƻָŵͼ˵
޵ͷָŵͼһ˵ΪٳǣǵƵȥǣһǲ󣬲Ҳܶ࣬Ҳ벻ǻƵʱһֲ֮Ҳܶٳγһ֮ơ
ƻڵͼϵ˵㣬ԱһСĳǣΪسǡԶسӡ̣Ϊڶس֮Уռҵһ
˵֪֪سǣ
룬˵
سһǰռҵĲҵ˻ϣֱЩ˹ȥƻһ֣Щ˵Ѿ˵Ҳһ޴ľԴ룬϶رصġ
޵ͷ˵أ
ƻ˵سǵľܽΪ䷽㣬·Ҳܿ˵ǣسҪԮҲʮֵĿ١ңôǵʵ̫ۣ²ô򵥡
޿Ȼ˵еȴǲоʼƻһ·ֳľ²ܣûϵġ
һսݣҲñ񣬿Լ˾ȴѹһͷԼܶĽʿհ
ȻҲģҲ˺Ϊһ˵ҲԼĲڼҪһ֤һԼ
ϾһᣬԼҲ˵ˣǿٳǣ»ḶܴĴۣҴǰȥ̽һ˵
ƻûдеУ߷ĻҲû˵ֻ˵⵹ҲУֻٸЩʱҺúõһûи׵İ취
뷨Ȱסһļƻ׿вСȻûʲô˵ģУҲҪһܳ˵ԷɣΪġ
޶˵Щͬ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻͷӦ£Ȼƻ뿪ˡ
ƻҲΪͬˣȥŵͼо˰ҹûǲУΪͨǵ·һһϿȣʵ̫͹ֵ̣ԭһ̫Եټôһ·һҲɱһƬײ
ʱѾǺҹƻЩԹȣƣһ޷˵ڴ˯ˡ
оŸո˯ûжãһŲˡ
ƻ̴·ߺһôˣ
첽˽˵ûС㣬ԽֵЩ˾סˣҪС㣬ʲô̺Ҳܳȥ̡
ʲôƻ͵վԽ
ҲʶЩԣϽ˵ǰԽȥˣС㲻֪𣿿Խ˵ǸСõģ˵Сˣ㰡
ƻֻһĵۣʹüͷԵĻһ£Ȼʵ˶ˣ
ʱˡҲô˴ֲ֣ԽӪѡˣԭǲҪС㡣
ʱĸСʱƻüģһ۵ͼźɽҲҪһʱ׷ǡУоٶȸ죬͵ûһʱңʱǾѾǴϿȣ
һʱֻͷѣҧԼ侲ɱȥԮˡֻܴһҪסǲܣҲð޸Ȼ
̿ʼ·ߴ߶Խ˵㣬һӰ·Ӫڵң
С㡭
ûʱ˵ô࣬㣡ƻҲмֻʵû뵽޾Ȼ嶯
ٶ໰Ͻͷ˳ȥ
ƻӦĸ׺費ԼΣ֮УҲԥһ԰ȥˣȥ
·Ϥ̶ȣȻȲоôõˣǴŵͼҲһᵢʱ䣬ܾȵ޵Ļ͸͡οõҲܸϺɽĽһ룬񲻵òӣ
ĥĥǿٵĴ·ֻ¾ĵܾȱȣҲΣգ͸ɴϱ̫࣬ɲܸһĿñĴᣡ
 

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̲ݻƻҲֻʱ佻һ䣬Ҫȥ޸׷
һ˲񱼣ɽǰ·ɣǿܸĲ
ƻҲһע·ϵĺۼȻϣ߹ĺۼңһǼо
ƻҧҧѺɽ߶ĸ죬ֻܸһ׷ޡ
һоҲһЩҲȷôǲȷģڱѾˣɹʣҲ֤ѪԵġ
٣ȡ֮ǰפ
ӽ磬ǰĳҲϢ˵ǰ·һϿȡ
Ҳ޵ľͣȻѳɳȥ̽Ǳû
ĺܿ죬Ҳ̫룬ֻվϿ֮ϣԶûзе˵ټ
Ԥ֮󣬱Ϣޡ
֮Σǰ
һ·ҲоٶȣܵĶϿֵΣʵ̫żҲóȻǰ
ǰĳҲһֱûз˵ǰӦûǱȽϰȫģǾһ·߽ͨϿ֮С
⴦Ͽȷʵխֻƥжһ̤Ͽ֮޵ҲӵĽϿ֮ϵĳһֱҲûжҲԿļǰߡ
оٶȻȷʵûʲôǳȵ߹жΣڶǰޣѾܿϿȵˡ
ʱ򣬺ĶͻȻһɧãƻȻӶг˳ȥͣ޵ǰ
޺ǾȵĿƻôˣ
ƻסô˵һƵĳ嶯ϣΪǰ̳Ͽȣ
ʲôϾҪͨϿˣǳȥüͷмֲÿ
ƻŭΪЩɳɵǲǣ㳷ȫû
Ӱ쵽µĺɽӲͣǡϿȵķΧҲоʮֵ
ҲЩŭˣǾվϿ֮УѾˡ˵½ϻгǿһֱûж
ǿѾɱˣƻ㳷ҪĵȵǶ֣ߵ
ƻ⻰Ҳһţ̧ͷ˿ϷͱڣȷʵܾöûյϢˣѵѾɱˣ
ʱȻԥƻּиֹסʧ
ΪĸøۣҲԼһᣡƻ˵꣬ɽȥ
ϿȵĶ鲻Ź룬ҲٳûжֵԸ⣬ҲΪǵ̰ƻȰʱ䣬ǼȻȰ棬ҲûбҪڿģ
ȻǻսģȳɣĩϿȴЩаţԵĸҲȰ
޿һֿۣ˿˲ԶƻջǴ̺ӱǰӣٳϿȣ
ƻҲûлͷֻǾôûе޿ɾҩĵز
ܿʹȥΪĵΣĴҲյӰ졣
ĩβյת˵ʱ
ϿеӦҲǿҪˣ̷˹
ĴʯӸϹڿγ˵ٶȾ͸ˡ
վϿмƻҧ飬ľԼͲӦù޵׻ǰԼΣ֮ˣ
ߴ٣ɽҲܵΣգ̳ǰܹȥĶ˻µĴʯ
ƻҲ˲ϱˣֻһǰ壬ۿҪʱͻȻһȺ˴ֱӽΧ
һƻĿҪڶ˳ӣЩ˷Ƿˣץ
ԱߵĹʯ䣬ҲѾɱõѾ˽׽Щ֮
ڲһȥҪȥͺˡڲôҪȰǰЩ˸ˡ
Ľ֮ƻŷ֣ǸץģΪǣȲܳȥҲȥĵطԮ
ֱУ˫ȭѵֵ£ƻǿҲƵġ
Ҳһڰ֮Уƻ͸
ֻۿϿеʿĴʯͳĵо¾
սܿӽβ֪ܳȥˣеȴѾĲˣʬϿȣϿҲоռˡ
ƻɱΧţΣҲòһ
ֱӴȵӰֱӳһرĵطɶԷʵ̫࣬ûɱˣѾΧסˡ
 

 

ɽƻΣգ˻һ˹ȥΧƻûϵһʱ֮ıǰС
ƻҲûɱˣԼҲһ˼ϡϺɽıҪ϶ȥȱڻ˲ͱϣЩ˵ðʿ
˲˴룬ǳ岻ȥˡ
ס֣ͻȻһİ
ƻ̧ͷȥͿӷֿȺ˳˻ӵѪģ֪ǻޡ
ƻû뵽ôɣȻﻹ㣬һΪֶǾԲƭأ˵ţһ֣̰޸˳
ͷĵ˵ϣ޺һ˵û
˵Ϊ˾ɣƻ̫ˣʲôϧģաһЦҿԲɱֻҪ־ܣ
ƻûб·ѡҪôֱҾУҪôͶı·
ӺɽıǴһ˿Ц⿴˵߻ӺαƣҲҲǷ°ˡԼҵĳҵĶͷ˾ǷôˣԼҲŹңȻҲŹңҲ֪ռʽ΢ɲȴǰ
˶˵ʵҲرǰռҵӦ˾ˡȻڴ߻ӣΣߣҵʱӦϣһɱһƬײϾϷĿǶһģҪƷ죬ʵҲûз뷨ϵһ𣬵ʱҪʲôֵ
ŻĻջԡ
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ˣ˵ˣ͵ĴĻƻѵҵɵӲɣһ㣬֮ĸ飬ѵǼٵĲɣҿɲţĻᱳ
ƻһʱԣ˵ЩҪһԣǿӣҲûôƭģ
⻰ҲŭץеǸһҴߣ
ƻҧҧûӲӲЩΪڷɾʱȴͻȻ嵽˺ɽԣϿٵ˺һƬ½󣬵ݵɽߣҧסܻȥţ
ɽЩףͷֱϹʾϽԼ뿪
Ѿץƻһ㿪֮󣬰ѲƬ±ߣȻںɽδݺһѡ
ɽʹ˻һһǰȥ˸ȥֱײȺ
ֹ˼ҲóȻԥ侹ȻúɽȺ
ŭһԹֵļȻźɽԱߵʿһϡ
ɽһµٶȴ죬ûжãϿʧȺС
ܻİѹӵϣȻ첽ߵ˼ƻǰһס°ͣŭʲô
ƻʹ˦˦ͷû˦ֱֻ֣ŭб¾׷Լ
ˣֱӰͷ˦һߣ̧Ҫվûֻ֣Աߵ˺ȵߣ
ƻ޾ͱһ·ųϿȣѺһϣӦǶȥ
Ŀǰƻֱը˷Σſһޣйߵĺݺݵĵһţһõϡһ²ɣü£ֻŵĽԼԶһ㡣
ƻͷһԼϵˣ˰죬һҩ裬ȻװǷɲҪ;״̬ʱΪ׼
󷽵Ͽȵķһۡ˵ĹѪ½дˡ񶼡֡Ա󽫶ץϣһ񶼣Ϊ˸ԼţҾ񶼣ʱһ֯ȥӪԼ
ޣǾҪԼ컯ããǾȥҲԲһüͷ
ҪĻϣɽܹ˼ҪܣǴϢӪպɽĬԻǺܴġ
 

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ȻƻϣǴֻ֮·ˣĿȻ񶼡
ڴͬʱڻɽϿȱһȫûԱȫϢҲ춼
һʱҰԼüѪƻһе鶼Ƶϡ
ȴܿѾ˳޲Ȱ裬ƻִǣ˵˵ƻǰȥΪ˾۵Ҳץ
ݾֵµĸɲƻдģ𣿡ŭİеӵԼĽ£Դ˾Ȼڿ˵ǻ
ԼȻһٸţϽ˾м˶޵³çеǻ˵ƻ֮ǰȰģȷʵ޵ĸдԴʮֵϬм䶼С
ľԼֻǰһڣֱӻȥǻڰͲӦ̰ʲô÷ȥģ˵ôһԼڳ̧ͷ
ҲŭǱϾսʱⷢԼˣĲʡҲֻܵݺݵĺǳԼȻںѰ˸ͷһ¡
Ҳļ٣һȥ衣
ȴʼûȥͷϣǣȥҲܵǣҪоƻ飬ûоܱ顣
ɽûйƻȻ˾ҰĿһϣƽ֮󣬻ܻ˴Ӫƻ˼ˣʲôطܸˡ
ʱӻʿѾ޺ƻΧϢǵʱɱȥԮû뵽ϿȵʱϿֻʣصʬ塣
˷ʬ嶼ûе޺ƻֲóȻϿȣֻܻص˴Ӫ󽫵ʧ٣Ӫס
һѪƣĺɽ߽ӪʱǸԭͳص棬ѹһʯͷ
Ǻôͽ֪ƻԺɽı̶ȣ˻ǿžˣжʱƻµĲƬ͵˳ϱߵɸ˴һǿļ
ϢҲܿ͵ϣھǼƻȥӪƻ
в裬˶ըˣ˰޵ȴҲһʶĶѾˣҶҲǺ޵˹档
ת۱ֹȥ죬ƻһҲִ񶼡
εĴͺöˣѾǰķιҩϡ޾ûôõڴϣƻҲôȥԹעֻ֪Ѿˡ
Ǳһ·ȥԭոԲ˳ôûлͷסʹȥֻסԭո
ոû˱ƻ죬⵹Ϊܳɹӳȥ
ո֮ҲûмǱԭķ䣬źϴᣬִ·֮󣬴ȥǰ
ǰУֻһˣӱӶЩҲڣƻ߽һ϶ɱ⣬Щʧıأͺ޲
֪ʱɱƻֱ޿ֵķѾߵ֣˽ȥԡ
һԱߵһʱŪʲô⣬ôЩ
˵˼俪ףȻ˵һһսӮǶôƯŲ˵Ҵ㲻վӭȢƻһǶ֪Ҳ֪δŵ̫Ȣһܴ죡
ĻȴûڼĹ߷׷׷ԡ
ζʧ˱صףһαִҪĻˣ˵ʲôˣ
ѽŮŸǻǸϽĸɾ
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⻰˶ЩߣҪȰͲˣֱվƻ뿪ˡ
ƻ֪ղŴǰнĻӦþʵһҪշԼһҪȢԼúõ衣жٵİ⣬ƻͲģʮֵĶġ
һ·˷䣬ݺݵвһ٣˵б˼ֱӰ޸ɱˡ
 

 

ƻֱۣ޵ϵûУŲ᲻ɱҪʲôҲȫ޼ƿʩװùһɾ衣
һܶʲô˼ôҪɱңǰӳȥžͱɱˡȫģҲߡ
Цһ㵹ǴֻҪԹԵģҲõģ˵űƻ
ƻǿŶ㿪ĳ嶯ֻһ˵ôҳҩҲǰ취ҵˣֻǲҪһžţ˿ңǲܵģ
ջָĿһۣȻһ·϶䵭ĺϣܺúദģҲӮøеĵһ뻹ǴӦˡ
˽ߵĴ򣬽ڵļѨϣס
ѨһϹѾʹˣοǰڣƻֱۻ˹ȥͷβûгһ
ƻٴѾǵڶ죬ɻʹǻֽţжȷʵ硣
Լķ䣬ĲûûжõһЩÿһʮֵϤ
վߵǸĴߣҪƿȴѾˡ
ƻֻ÷Ҫתһ
Ĺ۸ҿǷˣ㶼ÿ
ִ˼䣬ߵЭˣûöãžͱߴˡ
׷һѾߣʩʩȻ˽վڷеƻһ˫۾ֱð
ûп˵Ѿ̴µˣҼҷˣ񡣡
ƻһۣ˿۶䣬ö֮ԱߵϣЦϵģķ蹷˼ſͽУ
˵˵˭Ƿ蹷Ѿš
ƻߵ裬һĵ˵˭ӦңȻ˭Ƿ蹷
㡭
ݣ£׷Щ͵˵һ
ݵѾߣʮֵĲģС
ҵĻҲǲǣ׷˫һɣʵǶˣڴصѾ߹ˡ
׷ڲģҲͷ˵˺档
׷Цǰ
ƻŲ豭̧ۿһۣһŷӣԭðô֪ԭڱ˷Уѵūŵϰߣ
׷΢΢ҧӲάϵЦݣ˵Ѿ߲£ýЦˡ
⵹ûʲô֪һôν°ƻʵ
һһ޹Ĳ֪ʲôʲôģ׷ֻҧѹۣϵЦҲЩάֲסⲻǹҵɷѾҪӭȢ㣬ҵȻҪһ㣡
ƻЦһ˵𣿿˾뿪
㣡׷ױҪ㲻ôţҸ㣬ҿүýȢӣȢ㣬Ҳһ檣
ƻЦſ㲻һֱҪ޸ôˣÿ湻ģ
㣬˵׷̽е
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죬Ҳûô룡׷̴һƾҪ˦
ǻƻͱһָֻץסˣʲô
ƻЦõ⣬ѾѾˣ˵һһ׷Ҫúõ
ŭԼģ׷ҲЩͻͻӦҲʮѸ٣̻һίģ˼ᣬүֻǺ㣬Ȼ˵ЩԩңңʵģүǧҪ
ſ֣Ҳɵӣ׷޸֮ڵֻһֱһ۱һֻ۰ˣڱƻôֱӵĵֻøӵߡ
ŶҲ䵭˵Ժû²ҪƻҪ
˵Ҳٹעǵͷƻеʵû°ɣ
ƻŬ˼Ц⣬΢΢ҡҡͷ
ϵЦ⣬Ҳĵļ֣зϣ淹ʳ˳˰ɣһֱĿζóģϲĿζ
ϵСȴǶƻϲģûгԶֱӻ˹ȥȷʵѾˣҲӾͳ
 

 

׷һӶҪˣԴӳɻ緹ĴָھȻһ֮µźƻԷ
ʵļҪˣƻҲɱ⡣
ɱĿ⣬ƻʮֲ̧ͷĿһۡ
Ҳ˳Ŀ⣬һ۴æͷİ׷ֻƻϲվվʲôϿȥ
׷ݺҧһ´ＷһǣȻѾ߼ܻ뿪ˡ
ƻЦһԷ
ƻԵ㣬ҲʳȻҲ˲١ʰɾ֮ǰЦŶƻ˵⼸ЩæҪʱ䣬һԷġ
ƻЦ˸ˣһã֪һԷ᲻
֮ļ죬ͺǶԼŵһ㣬ֻҪʱͻƻԷƻˣüʳ˶ˡ
ʲôΣҲ֪Ѿ߶ûи˵˶ûУҲ̽Ϣ
ʱټ书ȫʧûôˡ
ŷ˵ǰīˣ֪ǲҪ̽Ȼֱ˵ķ
ī߽ƻȻҲڣҲЩȣǺܿϵı飬ϹϾ
ƻϵ·֪ӦĲȻҲô׾
Ҳ˵֪ν£
īһƻмֹ
޷˵ǡҲһƻаӿȴ˵
ī⣬˵Ҫ񶼿̳ѧѾֳЧŻиĿġ
ѾȫͶˡ
ܺã̸ƶЦһֱһĲ迪̳ѧðīģһйȻûô⻹ǰ׷飬û뵽Ů˻һôģ
żȻõõī԰׷Ҳ̫䵭ˣһ»ȥȽϺá
ƻȻͷŷû˵ĻÿһֶûӹĶ䡣
ôˣīˣһΪѧȺñ֮⡣һһ粻֮࣬˵ıʵĺܡֻǣھȻʼˣȻʲô֮ʿ
˵һỰͻȻһ㣬Ц˵˵ƻľ˾˰ɣ
īͷ˵Ĳȷʵƻľ˾ˣ˵Ҳкܳʱûмˡ
ƻ̧ͷ˵˾һæˣҾȥ游ĸҲû˾ˡ
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⻰ȰͺúõİƻȴܾЩŤôо˵һϵġ
Ҳöʣֻ̽˵˾ҪǾһˣҲðȰȰүˣҿ˵˶ûУ
⻰ȴЦǽ⻰ԼЦ˵ҪǹԹԵģôԣ
īҲͷ˵ҵȻǰƻһˣĳƻ۵ĽǺ޲˾ܰʲôˣ
⻰ǵ٩Цֱ˵īԭҲôʱ
ƻȴںӦԼ̽˵ԼˣӦðȳȥش𣬿ص̫ܣû
ƻɺϣīȷʵԼʾ
Ϊ˲ɣƻ֮󼸺û˵ʲôˡ
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īһߵſڵʱͻȻתͷƻʹһɫ
ƻ֮ǰЩȷղȫͬϬҲȷϰīûͶڿºԼһϷˡ
ĻЩīԼˣ൱ڶһӦӳȥĻҲ͸ˣ
Ҫӳȥ̸ס
Ǳ߱⣬ȻУһֱڣȴȣܵļֱͬͰһ㣬ﻹ⴫ϢʮֵѣײϢͲԳơ
 

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ΪֹͨӪƻչķǳҲļ١
ϴεľӦò֣ӦҲֻǰҲûһƻʧǰꡣ
Ƿ˺ݣͭǽڣҲҪĸһӡ
ѾϵݣߣһҲٹڰ
İ컻ƺᣬƺ߲ʱն̣ҲһֱأôҲ˰еĵһѽΡ
ƺԸȫͬȻأеʱҲѡƺȴͽЩƣ¹ĺһ˫۾˾Ƕ߶һ㡣
ǵҲ룬ǱǶĺԼȴºͣӸĹǹƫִӵ顣
ϣҪһĸɽֱȥ񶼣ʲôֶΣҪ񶼸˺һ
ƺӦ£Ȼ񶼡
հ鰲źãȥ˵̡
ȥˣϵɫѿʵʣʲôˣ
üͷ̰ŵݸ˵ߵĴԱ߹أһġ
ٵĿЩţҲЩأЩ˴С䣬ǿڹ㣬ֵڻҪû
һսѾ̫ĹҲ˶ЩСļӣķչ꣬ڳӲˣҲ˾Ȼעͷϣ
˵ţЦһǸȻ˵żȻõһ䱦Ҫʹ׸ޡԴΪڣ̽ʵˣ
ҲЦǵСһûҰģ֪Ǹ˭̽·ģҲѾϵһˣ
һǴΪͷۣڷڲҪʱȻ⻼
ҲͷҲû̫õİ취ȻﻹдʲƸûΪôΣУǸζҲԲܡ
ʣҪʹǰǲţҪĻӭǣ
һüǺιʣ
Ǿܾ͸ԵǵӣǾѾǿ֮ĩֻӿǽĲ˵ЩʹڽǿʲôǿľʲôֻҪǿǰǿôҲóȻĽǴ˽⣬Ҳһܸұսʱ䡣
֮Ҳסĵͷ˵ĲԲ¶ӣԵǶ۸ˣнӴʹڵһҪǸ׵
ˣӦ
̱֮˹ţǴʹһߵӴǣʾĳͶԹľ⡣
öʹ֮Ҫһµʱ䣬ִܵ춼
ȷ֮󣬻ҲǹˣǱҲܿյϢ֮λ˹Ų֪ʲôȥˡ
ʱգƻıԽӺãӦ˵ǰݼˣǰһЦݻҪ죬ڿЦ
һķ͸һЩҲͶѾߡ
ֻҪˣƻ˵˵Ȥ¸ƣڣ׳ЩʹҪķзȻȻҲʹƻĶ䡣
壿Щӡ󣬲һС壬ΪϽƻͻЩӡ
Ѿߵͷѽߵ˶˵ǵһڲ²⵽ʲôأ
ƻ˻֣ȥæˣɫȴһЩѾȻʲôģƻȴ֪ĳʹһźţһʶ˥Ҫһźš
ҲЩżǴãܾܿҪ⻼ľ棬ֵܳľ棬Ȼںеȷʵû赲ܿ˥ܵĸӿ٣ȷʵǱǿ׳ʱΣˣ
ʲôʲô
ڵִϱصڣΧܽ
ȻҲע⵽⣬˾ǰȥء
⻹ǷˣڿҪصʱ˾ͻȻ˹߰
ʹŵĲǧˣȻǱɱһƬײȫûʹţҲһ⣬ȫ˾⻹һ֮ĵط
 

һʮһ 

ʹȫɱϢ˷ǳ𶯡
ŭֻû޵ʧҲڳֺݺݵѵԼֱ˵㵱ιȥŰݡ
Ҳܿ˷Ӧ̷ͨĸ߹壬ΪڵѵΪ쳯͢ûһϵ
ԭҪôɣһΪûѵΪľӱųֵ
ǱʾǿҲȻϣʼӡ
Ȼʹ˵ôǰʱʱ䣬㼯ʮ߹ѹ
ˣ⻼ѳɡ
ֹҴ£ƻߵСѾȻ֪ģǵͻȻˣ㱻ƻʼˣҲֻܻһ䣬Ҫˡ
ƻϱľ棬Ҫ̲һ
ʱһ¶⼸켸춼Էᷳͬ⣬ҲĲߵһʲô仯
ںò˾裬óȻѯʡ
죬ճԷóĸˣȻֻ緹ȴ˾ƣƻһ˵Ҫף
ôˣƻʱãʵʲô£ˡ
һƻȻҲһ˿裬ǺܿˣЦȷʵһ£ƻ˿ܻòġ
ʲô£ƻװʵ
һЦȴź⣬ʹǰ飬֪ɣǰ֮ǰѾȫ˱߹أѾʮ
ƻüͷȴֳܱ̫ŭֻż־ȵʵģ
Ȼң˵һĻᣬôܴأƻɫ΢΢һ䣬˵˵ɣƻˣһ˵ġ
ƻһۣЦһȴЩɵ˵֪ϱʵ񶼵ľҪҪǻ᲻ȴ񶼵⣿
⻰ɫȻһ飬ƻ˺һᣬͻȻеľƱ̳˳ȥ
ƻЦȻͷĵԷܳȥЩܹΣĽ
һУһй졣
һǱ̬ģ¸ͲܡڶҪĿһѡпɲһͬ⣬ɱǵʹڡοԭһˣֶԴսʮ㣬Ҫٶһˡ
ƻеĵǣۿѾ봺ھȻûǵʱɽ⣬ûаĲȥôˣҲܲµ񶼣ô˴̽ûУ
ʵƻ˶Ѿ˳ǡ
ƺܿ͵ܱߣòײŻ˳ǣʲôīȴ
ȻֱˣĴ̽ǵϢôȻƺˣע͸ֱӰˡ
ͷϵĴ֮󣬰īһ㶼ûоţƺ˵ҵˡ
ĴʲôĿģƺɲһףذ׵Ĳʵ
īûһ㾪ţƺ˵֪һֱڴ̽ƻϢҲһֱȳֻʵ㡣̫ӵһڳ֣ҵǣȻӦϾȳƻ
㲻ҲѾ𣿣ƺʵ
ī̾һҲͶҲǱ¾³Ǳ֮УѰһӦϡ
ȻĻȷʵЩ˵ƺĸоȴã˵Ϊʲôá
ʵЩ򲻿棬Ҳû̫ѡ񣬲ȻҲҪȳС㣬Ǿ͹ԹԵĻȥȵҪʱǵ˻ϵģ
ҵֶŮȻҪȳī˵Ҳ֪ӣǸûа취ңʵվ֤ҵһֱ죬ڻϵģ
ĻƺҲû˵ʲôָֻȻͻȥˡ
֮ȥ죬񶼳糣û˶ǽȫǵѲɴ˿ɼīôš
ƺǱ˰īס̽һ¹ƻ
īȻǵ˹ȥѾƺոĵͼƻڵλã˵ƻǱʱûʲôΣգֻǱɡԽǱҲҪʼ֣ʱ԰һȳڹ˴ʧˡ
 

һʮ Ա

īⷬΪƺһЩרϵ
ƺȡϵ֮ҲðīøӻͻԾһֱҲվסţ˲ٵĻȨ
֣ƺִŪ˲˽д󲿷־ƻˡ
ǵ֮£ܿͺȡϵƻϢҲ͵ϡ
һû뵽չôѣһû뵽ΰīȻ˹ؼǲò˵԰ī˲ٺøС
⻼ҪעǱߵƣۼһһݡ
£ȳ˷æɣһСĵѵ
ҡҡͷȥ£ȵٳ԰ɡ
£ūǸմոùķˣҪԣһҪˡߣҪշҲûش𡣡ӲͷƤ˵
ƻϢһȻո˿޵һȻȥǰȥһ󰲸ûбʱһֱйƻɢɢϢȻģȴҲ侲˺ܶࡣ
辭ȥܿȻͷԽԽݣߵˣ֪Էʱ˵һ١֮Ȼÿ춼˷ˣ͵ſ
зʳϸô͵Ľȴն˸ùȥãŲÿ춼һˡ
֮ղϣ衣ģܿưмС
ʱˣ迴˿ߵɫΪ磬ȻѾʱϰɣȥλˡ
ЦӦһ˰ڵһԵϡ
ʵӣһһ׷Եر㣬ôţʵ˶ݡ
˷ҴҸƫȴ˸ס
һŮɪĹǰ£ﲡĺأһֱں֣ȥɣ
Թһȷԭů壬˲ȫ˺֪æĽŲأֻĸ׺ȫ֪ûһػ˵Ȼ뷨跨ĸ¡
ҲͰˣʲôûУʢĻ޵ˤˤνвȥſʼװ
ôеԼΪԼҡԼұг棬һٵĺǳ⣬ԼҶʮֵĻ֣̿Ҳøӵıꡣ
£пձȥҲ飬ƽһЭ֮һ᲻ֶΰԼҺһԼҰܿա
޷صĺǰѸԴҲһŮˣô˭Ժˡ
ֱƹ˹Ůȴֱӱסȣ£һҪȥ
£費Ϊ㲻ģҲûģֱץֽ˦һߣ˵£ô
ʢŭģŮŵöɸӣҲ˵ˡ
Ҳƽϣֱӻ뿪ˡ
ԶˣŮŸȥˡ
ȥ֮Ȼⲻһѵ⣬ЩˣĲʹȥһҡ
һλƻϣȻдϣͬ졣
λٶԹǵ˼Ҫƻʹźأʡ£ֱӰ˶ɱˣǸ˻ˡ
ȻҲܸоĳҲǲֱȥƻˤһ豭
ⶼǳģڳ£Ȼһҵͷƣŭ˵
ƻЦҲɿ𣬡Ҿүô˵һǧ⣬ԭЩϼһġүҶ죬̫ˣҪǳ˸ӣ»ǶҪƵүͷ
ǸңһǻôײݵˣȻҪҿǵɫˣһҪǳһҵ
ƻͷЩȷʵ̫ˣʲôˣֵоûС֪֣Щô뵽Լĸһǡ
ôһ˵ŭɶ޲ðЩϼһһȫɱˡ
һߣīȴƻγһεĬҲ֮սţҲһɿùǶӵĲ
ų˵ɱʹƻģЩԭͺƻһ⻰ը˷Σ߶ʮһֵǰƻ
Ȼϣԭŭδ˵˲ٵػøӵߣ֮ìҲһ
 

һʮ 

գƻڷп飬һӦһͻȻŶ룬ֱӽˡ
ƻȷʵסȻ޸֮ôˣҲð׷ˡ
Ѻٶȵĺܿŵķƶһ·ϾȻûһˣƻЩ֡
ЩӣȻģΪʲô͵͵İ˳
֮ЩֱӰϣţҲ˿ţû취۲нĵ·ͨСߺжĵط
Ҳûжãƻ΢΢üͷ֪ʲôط
Щ˰һ̧ͷȻǰİ׸ֻǲ֪סһЩʲôˡ
ƻŽǰŵЩˣҲ׹ЩҪʲô
ҵ˭ԭǣô͵͵Ҫʲôɱңȫûһ߸еģ޿֣Ŀǣλߵˡ
ӣȻŭǣһָŮǲƻүôľ岻ͬǺܿҪǲѾֿ˻
ƻŻȻԭؾǣǱø蹷һ㡣ЩףʲôϵǷҪڹɣ
һҲЦˣô˵һݶûеĻ˵ģҿǣЦ
˸ӵķŭǣСŮӲô֪ܣ춼ԵתŪ˵ھȻܵԻүƤǺһ̶ˣ
ƻЦһҿɸͲǵү԰ոץģ浱Һǲǣ
㣬޳ܣ
ôƻҲЩջŭ˵ЩûõģǰҴﵽҪʲôˣҲôߴߴˣ
㣡һһѪӿûᵹϡ
ƻƲ죬ϼһҲ̫ˣҪںݵ㣬ǲǰǵ͸ˡ뵽еԾԾԡ
ڳҲк侲ˣͷ˵αظŮֿƻ˵ΪģֻΪǵԿ˲ܰġ
˵⻰̶ߵ˵ȥ
ƻԺЩҲһ˳վһĮĿƻ
˰ļҪڵϣҧ˵ʲôҲϹЩϼһǻһɱ
ӣҲŭλǸŭҴȣ
һ̾һƻϥùȥʱһȣҿ˭ң
첽˹һƿ˾ŷƻһѳԼߣŭЩūŭҪ췴𣿣
һüͷ࿴˿֪˭й©Ϣ
Ǹվ˵үҲ֪ؾǺҪ컹ûȴҪٱΣգô
Ͳ飬һֱڷţʲôŭ
һʹļףʱүҪӻѾ֪ɱʹģżҪȫΪһүߣʵǲס
һüΪŭһЩɻôִԣӦҲܿ죬˵ҲµҪʲôҪΪ
ô˵ȻĬȻ˵ƻתͷһۣ˵ʵҲЩţԭˣһҲˡֻϵı˼ּ
ںЩϼһţûпϵı顣
αҲڱصãһߺ˵Żתעһ߳Щʹһɫ
ᣬ̳˹ȥһѰƻߴߣץסһ˾еĵĲӿȥ
һתͷھȴǧһʱͻȻһ˴ǽ˽
һֽýĺˣֱ˦һذף˾ٵؿڡ
ƻҲһղǽߵĵ棬ĲӺ溹ë
˿ٰΧеˣв˶˲ƻԼ
תͷȥƻȴ˵󣬸ûа취
һ˺ܿ嵽ƻߣһնϵݸһذף˵ͷ
۾ƻЩϤ߹˲ô࣬㿪ʼذɱ
 

һʮ ӳ

αҪܴƻԭͲ̫֪԰ܵ࣬ϸЩҲȫǺ˺ƻĶ֡
ǺƻɱһѪ·˰׸̳Ⱥܼдܹȥţһ߳ϵĺ£¶ԭò˱ƻļˣ˿ٷɢ䵽ȺС
ƻǴţһƫƧլԺ
ƻϳЩԼİһȴм
ûпڣֱӶƻȭƺᣬ̫ӵµİͳ죬СģСôʵڱǸ
ƻͷҲûеȵ̫ãǳֵȷʵǳļʱԼĲӣڲӶ쬵ġ
⻰ü¶Ц⣬ЦƺᣬҲ˼ֺøС
ֻȺиȴ֣һĺ£Ҳûгϵ֣վƻԶԶģһģ
ƻһʼ;۾ЩϤѾ˭ˣЦû뵽Ҳôŵʱ򣬾Ȼûɱ㣡
˿ӵ޵ݣקϵ֣ȻǺһץޡ
֣ſĳ˶㲣ҲǺ磬ݵնİȥҲá
ƻȴûаͬ飬Ƕģ
С㣬֪˵ʲôûа취ֲҵĹʱҲķʡ֣صǸ˵꣬㳯ľһ
ɫȻǺ죬ȴᶨ˶Եġ
Ǹ޳СҲͰˣƫƫǸѪֵĺӡϾǵһγ鲻ټУųʧ
ƻȻҲ˵жôҵǸʲôãøЩȥĵֵǸ
ԭЩǺ˲ɷףҲʹ顣
ھĵһʼȻǺܴģЩ˿ܾͻӴһ겻񣬶е˿ԴΪѵĳɳ
ƻ֪ˣҲϵ߳ǽһԱ󽫣߲Ǿֻ˵Բͣսʺ
ɻ˵ص֮ȻҪվã
֪޵˵ͷȻʹ࣬û̫ĸо
ƻӣҲ߿һۣܿǺߡ
Ȳ̸˱˵֮ļƻ˵˻û䣬ͻȻһ춯ߵſڣȴī˽
ƻЩĿô֪طġ
ƺ̸ǰ֮ƻҲɵĶ԰īЩĿ࿴
ΣĶ˾˾㣡ƻлл˾ˡƻ̳˸ӡ
īһۣæ˵ԭһˣЩӦõģ˵ʲôллģ
һ˱֮ļƻ
ƻʵܼ򵥣ǵȵҹǱڳеӦȥ
Ȼ򵥣ѶҲʮֵĸߡϾǰĶſڵĿأϸ
ǳҲû̫õİ취ǱҪǲſԣȻԽãǾԽΣա
㵽ʱûаѷȥӲҲҪȥС
Ǿ˾˲һ𣿡ƻʵ
īҡҡͷ˵һֻϺȣûһЩ
ƻ꣬ЩֵüǰҲȻûмʶû˵书
һԶǲŵģɾû̫ϡ
鱻أ˾̫ΣˣƻȴЩǡ
īЦЦ˵ģǻңҲ鲻˿һҾһֲ书Ҹⰲ˲ߣ䲻ţҲûǲʲô
ô˵ƻȴЩġһȷʵľ˾ˣȻһֱ׺񣬰׼ҵҲʣǾ͵ƾε飬ŰīƷлֵÿ϶ġ
Ժؽ£˲ţʧȥġ
ǰīȴܼ֣ģƻҲֻõͷ
Ϊ˲ɣ̫ʱ䣬֮Ҵ뿪ˡ
Ҳ͸ȥæˣƻȴƺҲûй׸ֱ˵ҵڹסˣұƳ
ƺһüͷû뵽Ȼĺݶ鶼ó
ƻ㣬ҲԼҪôģɢҲЩʹ࣬ٲᱻ¾
 

һʮ ӳ

ƺ΢΢Щͣ˵ǡЩʹࡱ֪˷硣סϵľʹôáЩʹࡱݡסѨƽʱҲʹ㿹֮ǰľʹЩʹҲ˷衣
ɿôƵӣЩǲԼˡ
ְɣƻٳٲ˵컹ж
ƺҲͲվԭشţ߹ȥָʾסѨ·˫ָļϣڵ˳
ȻҲܾ޴ʹ࣬ƻȴδһֻϵ·챻亹͸
ƺףˣҲΪͲʹƻ̫ˣҲļµʶ
ƻվӣֽţɵЦЦȻļ򣬡ɾ䡣ˣȥ׼ȥɣϢϢ
ǣ¸ˣƺһȭ˳ȥ
һʱ÷ǳ죬ȻѰѾȫǽϣڰҰˡ
ڽŵУڵȵϣҹɫһ˻ؾ·˼򵥵αװֱӳųŶȥ
ȻѾ׼ãӦǵȻȥǽѲߡ
ѲߵѾɱˣʬͷڳǽ֮ϡҳǽ֮ѾźӣҪȥʬ嶼ϳúȻ뿪ˡ
ʼһжеķǳ˳һںȾƻȭؾûвʲôԣΪϾÿ춼ҪȥѲߵġ
ǽߵʱͻȻ˺һЩ˸ʲôģ
˵ͷȻͿһվԱվһ佫ģˡ
ӦϽ߹ȥȻӣ˵үЩ˶ҪȥǽѲߵġ
һۣȻʵأ
ԭŵҲֻ˳ߵǰ񣬾̲סһá
ѽһÿ˶һţǺúųţǾȻҺȾƣȻ⿴һ۳ӵߣǺüţǸӶˣ
ˣһ֣֪ŲҴǸѲߣЩ˸øʲôʲôȥɣ
ǵȥһᷢЩǽʬ壬Ҳܲˣ
ƺҲһۣҲЩϾ
ƻҲʹһɫʾһ¼¡
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Щ첽˳ǽܿβҲʧ̨֮ϡ
ƻȵþᣬͻȻѣֱӰߵʿˡ
ҲӦ̸ʼߵʿ
ƻ˺ѳŴ򿪣
Ӧʣµ˼Ŀٵʿ
һʼسǵȷʵûзӦǿŵʱ䣬ǻǷӦ˹ֱӾͳ˹Ҫֹǡ
ҲϳˣȺɱƻ̶Щ˴УץסǸͷģҪģ
ǽϵѾ뵽ս֮Уƻ˵ѹһ¾ͱˡ
ƻĺ޲֮ĵӹȥһ
ǵţ˿ٵ˷ʿҲĴ򿪡
˱㿪ʼսˣ߻в˵ȥ
ǰ֧ԮʿҲѾϵˣɷ˵̳
ͻȴҲһûᡣ
ʣµˣӵϼ˶ƣſٵĳˣ֮ǰٶȿࡣ
ӣһƻƻߣ̳ߵ˺ֹͣ
ЩȴţӴ˼ʸܶȣһֻƻ
ûжãŶƵ˱˳˳ţʼҹɫٵӴܡ
Ŵֻ˱صʬ壬ЩʬҲס˳ţʬ壬Щ׷Ѿǵټ
ƻһ˲ͣЪһϵ·һƫƧС򣬲ŸͣϢ
϶ˣҲͶޣֻҵһķϵԺӡ
ƻȻҩȴôõģ˲أȥʿ·Լ·ȻմЩѪȴûôˡ
ȥµ꣬ЩЩ·ϸɾĴֲ·Щˮ۸˸ΣȥҩҩЩҩҲһ򣬶˼ҩꡣ
ȥЩԵģҪõĶŻصݡ
ôǰܺģʮֹⲻȥƺᣬκϣһ·˿ڶѾЩŧơ
ƻֽ˿ڣʱ򲻱˵ӳǣ˵ЩǾ֮͵С¡
 

һʮ 

һԵ޿ϣŰһɵƻ˵ʲôζЩģ߳жôξͱȲ
ȴ̵ˣƻʵûʲôɱԣͨŮӡǱԶӣͣңͣǣүƺرƫõƷʶܹ֮ۡ
һԼֻԼ޵ݡ
ƺᴦ˿ڵƻɿΪʹã˹ȥ˿ˣ΢΢һֻƤˣӦû˵ࡣǼһȻ۶ˣǼͷҺҪڳС
ƻͳһձݸ˵ȳԵ㣬һҪ㸹˿ڷϣϵļͷҲҪȡȥ˵ҩ
޽ӹձ΢΢˵ͷûгԣ۾һֱԼĸƻһˮЩ˴˿ڣǻϸɾ·
мƽˣ˿֮󣬱ߴ֡
ƻҲǲֻ֣ǰܶɨɨĴˮڳȻóһ̳ףڻš
СķܿŨصĴζ
ƻȴЩǣôһʵǵķʲôȾ֮ģڵȴʲôֻþƺʹɱ
ڹŴҲûôֵֹĲֻҪ˿ڴãֹǷ׸ȾӦúõĻܿ졣
˵˺ܿʹˣʮĸУ˼صıޡ
Ͼô׷˵ʵصĸѲˡ
ƻһˮ˺޵·ϸϴ˿ڣȻͳڳµߣھڻϿɡ
תͷޣʹҪҪҰ裬ʱҲ۵÷񡣡
ȴҡҡͷҿס
ƻȴĵܿܿסҲϻֱӿʼϸ˿ڡ
Ȼû룬޾ھ;ʹ˫شֱӻ˹ȥ
ƻʼ磬ϡһ֣˶ˣǻǵһμô˿ڡ
ƻҲܵܵߣ˵½ҽҵġ֪£ֻҪе鶼Ƶ½İȻϾͿˡ
ȻҲþˣϾ½ҽһҽʮֹܡ
˿ڱȲǺܴ󣬷룬˿ڻͲѪˡ
ƻ߼ϣȻþƸϴһ˿ڣʹУҲʹ˼
֮󣬱ǸϾļˡеּǴ涼ǵ̣γһ⣬ûȻӲγʹ
ҪȡҲʮֵĲףһ㣬ҪΧٿȵҪ¶һİγ
˵ʵִҲһ̨ˡ
ƻ룬˰޸ϣ϶Ȼס˿ΧѨ⵽ʱѪࡣҲһЩֹʹʹз֮ʹҲֹסġ
ԼҲһȻ㿪ʼˣȥޱʹˣҵš
סƻ̴
סƻ֮ǰӵ侲ͳţϲһ˿ٰѼͷԱЩⶼгȻѼͷ˳ӵһߡ
µʱ򣬳ˣΪûٳ⡣
ƻþȻ˿ڷϺãٴͿֱõҩ˿ڸá
ЩɫˣЩվȻָָԱߵ˵ϸɾ·ߺǱİײаЩѪɴͻЩѪ·óȥˣһ㶼
ʣµˣѾŵòᣬƻʣǱԼԼˡ
ƻҲʮΣǺȷʵú˳˼ͷûôܿʹˡǰ˸ϾЩ˵˿ڶȽϴ
״꣬ԼҲϸ˶ƻֱ̱һѵϣ亹
ʰԭƾɵСݣȫû֮ǰңɵĵݣ˸ɾġ
˶õ˾ΣЩܶ˵ֲס˯ˡ
ų˯ˣƺȴأƻ˵С㣬ЩڸС㣬ʵھС㡣¾СߣתƵˡ
ƻҲ˵ʲôԵĻЩ˸·ʵǿҲûаһӳΧ
ǾͰ˵İɣһ·϶СټƫƧҹҪһʱ䣬⼸ǾͰ
ƺͷݸһձСæһ죬ҲһЩɡ컹ҪС㣬ȥдϢ
 

һʮ Ϣ

ڶ죬ƻȷԱ뿪Ժӣȥ˳С
СҲոڳ˯ѹ·ߵ̯Ѿϣ·ϵҲˡ
ƻȥЩֻһ·ߵһǮ
ŹǷѵŴ򿪣ƻҪϽ˵λ͹ۣǻûأҪȥĵط
ƻһЦ˵ƹġ
ǿ͹ʲô𣿡´һۣϵ·ͨǸŮӣôһ䡣
ƻ˵˵һߵҪ̸
ƺܻĻȴ£Ҳҵ󣬻תȥ˺Ժ
ãƹһ˳
ƹһˣϴžͺţƻҲ´һۣ˲ľ
ƻЦƹģǵһò裬֪ƹûȤɶǵµĴ衣
ƹӦܿ죬϶Ц˵黹ǲҪ̸ˣλȥ̸
ƻͷȥ˺á
û뵽̸ģۣæˡ
˽˷֮ƹĺܾһĶȻƻߵ棬Ŷƻ˵Ǻˣ
ƻ˵ƻ
ƹһϽԭС㣬Ǵӳ飬Ѿˣֻû뵽Ǿӵ
ҴΪ¡ƻҲ˵ӳҷܴڳǽһԺˣð㣬ϵϱߣ˰ԱߣȻһ춼
ƹ̵ͷû⣡
һ¾ϸڣƻҪ뿪Ͼ˶ӣһĵߣҪ˻Ƿǳ࣬Ͻȥ
ƹȴЩֹĿƻ
𣿡ƻʵ
ƹųɵ˵м飬С˲֪
˵ǣƻ˵
ƹ˵С˵춼ڴѾˣϾҪӭȢԼСΪźܿͻᴫ˾֪СҪϿ춼С
ƻҲɵüͷ춼Ǳߴģ
ƹĵͷڵµ飬֪ĶġӾͶڰ֮жʼˡ
ƻؿһƣϵıҲÿѾ˵鵱ȻǹƨҪȢô£Һģ
ҧҧУ֪ˣҳȥ
С㡭ƹıϵõĲ˸⸱ģȥô̸ġ
ƻЩ͵ߣҵʱ䣡
ǣǣƹĸϽȥţ˱һǰһ˳ȥ
ٵãƹĻСĻͷһۣķ֣ȻѾָʱĵЦ⣬˵ƿ˳ȥ߱˵ҪҲ̫ˣҿɲǸ̸ģ㶫̸ɡ
ƻ΢΢Щ޵ˣǴ裡ʱڱǶһݣȻ۸ߵ㣡㲻Ҫ˻Ҫأ
ƹεҡͷ˵ʱڶһȷʵǹ˰£ˣĲƷõĶǣҺαһҪأ
ƻһţǲʶȥʣ
һѵϿɾһҲݣ
һҲΣĻֻҲɣƻŭһȻ˳ȥ
ƹȥıӰʵΣֿĨӵĻƣЦ
ͷȻȥæŲȥˣûаŵϡ
ƻΪ˶ĿȥҶȥˣ֪ļ۸񣬲Ǻ˵һ߼ֱۣӱ˸ϳˡ
Ҳνֻװ˼棬첽뿪ˡ
·Ҳһ㶼ƽȢ˵Ͳţȴ̲סҲģΪһֱȢɣҲһТӣһֲסѹأ
ֻߣˣ˼֮ס
оͺСֳ֣Դֻۣ޲ôԴС˰һᡣ
جج߻ԺӣɫƺһţϽǲá
ƻŻ񣬸Ͻҡͷѽ´˵ˡ
СôɫôЩֵʵ
ƻջҡҡͷҪǽǸԼƺһͲǸ֪ĸĶ
û£ܾЩˡ
ƺ˵СϢϢɡ
ȿǵʱҲûҩˡƻǿЦЦƿȥˡ
 

һʮ 

춼ո糯ճҪӵ뿪ȴһȺ󳼸ΧסǶЦݣﶼǹϲ
ĪҲûʲô޹һʣ֪ɵĻ£ȻѾˡ
ֱˤһ̨ŭЦҪˣȴһ㶼֪
ﴫҲ֪˭ֱʣ̾ͳ޹ȥˡ
ŭ߽㿴ȵ˵Ż
ϵЦҲһ䣬˵˭أԭ̫ӵ£֪кιɰ
ҲϽ񣬿ôҲҲЩ㷡
ɫӵѿһȴɵϣСУ֪ĸڽ㣬Ȼ͸ҽ
û뵽ȻȶԼѣϽ͵̫ӵ£СŮ
ǱôˣŭǱ㲻٣Ҳû˵ɣ벻ͲҸ˵˵ˣ
ɲ˵ʲôɣԺ󶼲Ȼ˵ڷȰһ䣬ŮҪ԰֪Ӳϲ㣬ӲҪǣһһֺ޳ܵΪ㻹һģԺ뱾ĸԶһ㣡
ⷬһĿڣ⻰޳ܺ죡ôҲһС㣬һֱѣָű
죬Ҫȴ˵ʲôȷʵһûв룬ҲĬĬĽˣϲһд
ҪʳʱǱȴŭ㵱޷ǲǣǱģ㾹Ȼű˵浱˲ɣ
תͷΪðˣôǣȥɶҪٵˣԺܼ޸ˡ
⻰Ҳ޵ݣֱӳ˳ȥɺôкûͣ¡
ȥŭôҲã⻰Ҳ̫Щ
ЦһǾǰŸϣ
˵ʲô׵ģ˵ɣ˼˵ԼŭĳӲ˻ǲǣȻҶô˵ﵽ׻û
迴˵԰ҵĻ£ӲҪɼ޸ң˽֪һﵽ׻ûӣ
㣡һۣ˴ԼؿڣŭǣҪɼ޸㣬ʲôõģıãǴдСһ𳤴֪֪ףƷòҲһһģ㵽ΪʲôͲȢ
ǶȢӣȻҪҶӳġϲɣɰףֺαһҪϱأ
һʱµ޻ְìͷָƻ˵˵ȥΪǸŮҿǱ˻ˣô̻˵Ӷˣǰʲôʱ˵ֻҪþֱҲҪˣ
ĸĸٲϲҲ˵㻰ȷʵѾ˻ǣҲĳ£ĶҲһˣҲͼɣ
ôӣТӣûϢĶֻҲ˵óڣҪ治ҲˣԸûӣ
⻰迴һۣдżšʲôΪԼںԼģû뵽ﾹȻģ
м۰ӵˣ˵úȥĻοҲûʲô治飬û˳ˣ
ģֱ˫ϥأͷ˵ĸȷʵТӦ㶥ײĸҲĸ
Ҫ֪ˣǾͰȢˣڸǸŮϵһɶ˵
Ȼڵϣȴֱͦ˵ĸҪδֻܸĸĸҪ󣡡
ããŭеǰɣھ͸ҹȥҾ͵ûӣ͵û
˿˵ô룬ҲҵԶҵ
˵ЩģҪǲ˵ǾԺ󶼲ˣͺץסߣǿƵ˵
ȴһͷȻֱ˳ȥߵ⣬һ°ڣֱӹ˵⡣
ТĸףһҲǹ˿Ѿ±ƳʲôӣԼұƳʲôӣԼҼȻ㹷ǽǾͲҪ׳нû
 

һʮ ĩ·

춼ʲôԶƫԶСƻ񶼵׷ѾϣȻĴѲ飬ҲڰҰÿһŹ
ȴҲòСĽ˱Ҫƻš
Ӧǵ˵г̶ˣûа취ֻʱҲˡ
ƹҲ֪Ƕв㣬żҲЩƷֵҲȥ
ת۾ձȥϻ׷󲿷ȴѾ֪ȥ
һֱڲҽǵİǣҲڽƻͷ
ʱ䣬ߵѾʼ裬Ҳ´߶ò˵ƻȻרŵҽߣֶ˿ڴ򣬳߷˼֮⣬ֻвǡ
ʹ׷Ѿ֪ȥ򣬵ǶҲ̫󣬰˽Ҳһһģһֻˡ
ֹգҲ඼ˣֻʣƺصޡ
ޱϾϰ䣬ʺܺãѾȬֱϵֻҪ̫Ҳʹ
սΪ߹ظ漱Ѿͣƻԭһ춼ƽĸ׺ĸܷģ˵ɵĻ֮˼Ҳˡ
˵ЩеޱȵߣԸȥΪҲͨˣĸԲǾģһġ
ֻǾãܰŪӣһֱʣĹϵһǳĽţȥûһãϽ͡ߣȻһֱû˵ʲôжʮֲҲʱ䣬鴦á
ȻˣһؾӪȻϻˣξԲϢȥһʮ»Դһʱ䣬Ҫ١
˭֪ô¹ȥǰǲѾҰøƵˡ
ƺҪȥǱڳ𣬱·ԵĿĵضȥ
һʼǷֵ˳Ǽû׷˶û
ϧþϾҪӽԵصӪʱͻȻصˡ
ƻףһ·Ϊûһ׷ԭѾȥӪĹʹ·ں͹ذסˡ
֪ǣҲѾѾӪдţһϢ̱ǰȥ½
·֮󣬵·ڣƻײˡ
ƻһȥ֪βı⣬ֻҪһȥ㱣֤ȥ֮Ҿͺףϣ˵
ĿҪһǧˣϣΪ˰ץȥҲ˾ĵġ
ƻЦ㻹濴Լ㵱Ϊ޸㲻ɣ춼ҲǼ£òίȫˣ֪ǲɲҪɱ㣡
Ͳ˵Щ˵ƻ֪ҵģֻҪһȥһᱣ㣬ԲЩ˺㡣
ֳԼеˣƻøϻֱ𹭼һ
һּֿ죬ԭûзֻ֧ܿԼԽԽ
·Ӧܿ죬ֱ֧ˡ
ˣıĺëҲһ亹
뵽㾽̬˿ʱŭƻŭ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣ֮ǰôץȥģܰץȥҲҲüҲãֻҵˣҲҪҵĻ
⻰Ҳŭƻ˵һѾзһȻС
ϣץסýһָƻһ
һǧ˵ӲӲǾɵˣƻһߣ
˱תĺΪǰźȥҲ׷ᣬǲǻһƻͶ
ĽҰ⣬Ҳïڴ׷Ҹϣһܱǽһʱ
ǰԶƻʱΧµĵڶ·ڣǱ߻˵ţֻøĵæ֮ѡȥ
ŭһξȻһֱڽ׷ᣬǵϢĻᣬǼҪĵأֻܳϵıӡ
յĹ򣬱Ѿ˱С⻹Χ
ǰѾǱ߹أƺѾ˾
һ·ͣ㣬˶һȦϱ˵ޣɫѾƣҲõĸˡ
ƻžƣˣüͷҲǰС⻹ǽãȥǰããĿҰȥǱ⡣ʵģ··
 

ٶʮ 

ѯʵУƻǾǡ
ãſڵûǣ֮Ҳܻ᲻ᱻ˷ֱ֣һջס
˲Ŀ⣬ƻ˵ԼľǰҲֻнһ·ȻǱȥһ⣬Ǳߵʲô͵Ǹ̽鱨ˣ
꣬˳ǣ˧͸˧ȥ̽鱨ʷϾ޽еġ
ƻҲ˹Ժһʷģ
˵Ц䣬ȷ֮Ǳڷúõ˯һ֮ƻȥһܿЩ֮ġ
ҪȥȴﵱȻҪһݣսʱ̣ͨʱڻڹƽߵģҲֻˡ
ǱĽݣڸһЩϺõĳдһЩɫĸɻ
ΪĶЩ࣬һŻ
ڶգıװ˳׷ͳ˳ǣֱӳȥ
ϱȻشϱߣӦļ紺ḻǣȴǸԭ͸ɽ¶ȷȽϵͣʺϷ
ǺͱͬǣΪ¶ȻǱȽˣܶطļ˥Ҳʮֵķˣǻʮóַ׳
׳ڶսҲηЩԭ
ΪƣĹϵûôŵʱ򣬱ѾһսҲܺ쿹ʱ
һֱɵҲΪԭ
ƻαװˣͨݣܲҲһƥս㲻Ҫ˵⣬Ҳ˿֮
ǮͲõġȻʱѾЩԶ콻սʱڱ߹طֵʯ͡
ЩʯͶγΣЩɱ͵ΣǴ档ЩҲֻҪҵͷˣҪǮһ仰¡
οΪЩͷԵģõսǮһ仰¡
Ǹճûжã׷ǣС䣬һҪȥ˼ҲЩȣƻ˵ƻǺαأϾҪˣ㻹һȥ㱣֤һ̺ǰһõģ
ƻЩƨͲᣬֻϣ
˫һǰһȻ벻СǰԶأ˹ؿڣˣֻͲأһں׷ᣬһָϵؾźţסƻˡ
˹ؿڣȻǳ򣬵Ҳпĵ̯ӣΪľǹ·ģɲֻƻһӣҪص̶˷㼯׼ء
ؾҲѣҪǿסƻסе̶ӣɲ̶ֹӡ
ƻҲò棬Ȱ㻹侲һ㣬ĹϵѾˣɱЩˣʱҿôֵЩ
⻰Ҳ˱ˣֻһˣЩĿܡ
ŴҲŭƻƻ첻һȥҾǰ˶ɱˣҲǿдߣ
һ⻰ԱЩ˲ˣЩ쳣ķŭЩƻкϽߣǡ
ƻɸΪ˵ҾҲȥģ޸㣬һ޸ˣ
㣬ҪƲԳԷƣŭҪ˰ȫץ
ʱΪŽˣһˣ˳˵үүˣ
ʲôȻôԱ˵ͷϣ̶
Ҳգֻ˵ү֣Ǿͼȥ׷ɡЩĩҪߣ
ȻЩԶƻȴ׿ˣӦǱʵǿȥֹ;ģϾһֱôܲ˵׷ˣѾǵ档
Щ˱ҪãƾʲôߣȻǳԵĵһָʹ
ǽ˵үҪүҪĩű
㣡ŭֲǼʮĴֻǰˣҲʵҪ
ˣҪĩеĩҲ뿴ɳŵ˵
ԽˣԽӵıףġ
ƻˣЩ˵֣ǻǲҪˣЩ·ɣʡһ֣֮
˾Ļе׷ȥƻĳӣȻҲ֮һ
 

ٶʮһ 

ƻϾҪ뿪̴һȥ׷һóǽϵȴûһ˶
ۿƻӳʧڵһθоһҪվȨжôҪѾվȨģЩôΪôƻٴԼ뿪
ĿȻͶЩȨƵı壬ǣԲӣΪŻӡ
ǱЩѾȨˣټǵĿоһܣһĽڣȻʲôʵȨ
ɴ˿ԿԺΪȨȷѪꡣ
һߣƻ뿪߹֮󣬱Щ̶һʼ·ǵģһ׵ĵط
ƻͬһͨһ㣬ÿطҪƷڱĵطȻ󵽵طϵĳкʹҲʮܻӭڰ·ϱѾȫ۸ɾҲС׬һʡ
صĵȻ治˿ЩƷǻҲһʲС롣Ȼƻ˵ҲΣܵıΪ̵Ȥ
һֱ񶼣춼ǴŲŲûڵĸоˡ
һ·ϣҲκ;õĿ£Ҳ顣
˹һоŸ壬ԹСϪ̶ӵĿĵҲϪ壬
һ·Ҳķ֣֮䣬ΪǰŽᣬÿһжԼСžţͱ·صʱ򣬾ڵĹ壬ֻΪŷĲͬһ˵Լ񣬲ŷаĹǵء
Ȼ˵Լŷа񣬷˵Ǻŷʯа֮󣬱㱬һδĳͻˡ
ҳϵͽ˵ֱĳԹνҲʵ
ӻкܶ࣬ڹ֮ⲻ˿ĿοЩסһԭϵ壬ĲݳúãҵĲãһս
ȻЩСС֣ǵϴϪһԿţҲֲʲô̫ĶֻϪǵ˾ҡΣҲı
ϪҲڷƮҡ֮УǵĿɺȥԽˣƺ˵úأǻ
ƻһЩϪȥ·ϣѾϪɺϢ
ƻһ˼ӿ˽ų̣жȣܿ;쵽õһᣬҲǴ̽鱨ֱӵν˵Ļᣡ
ϪɺһӣͣĿǰˣݴŨȺܸߵѪͳʹȺ˵ͽִһƥ
ӣݴĸ壬ѪܹʹߣԸ񶼺ƣʮֵݶ
СӣݴƷãΪ壬ĸѩɽϵ캮壬òͬѩʥ࣬ϴɱ¾ƽϢսҵһЩδȫĲ䣬ټ֮󣬱㽫Ϊ
Щ˵пŵĳɷ֣ΪţҲܿ⼸ӵĻ
ΪӣҪΪɺĶһģƾһ㹻ӡ
еϪʱ򣬹Ȼɺ֮λѾʼˣϪո֣ǶһĪĿ֮С
˵Ϫսôȷʵˡ
ǵƻϸϸһŷԭǲֻһɺ֮λô򵥣ǻϿɺϡ
ƻ˺һ壡
ȷʵӵޣʵȴһǳ飬ϿɺһοɺȨϿɺ󹬵ġ
ƻ뵽Ҳһ񺮣ϢԻЩ١
ִλϣԭλҲ캮ģòʮֳڣһ۱ϪĿɺУ˵ķԣӲȢޣҲϡ
ӶΪ֮񣬿ɼλϵʮֵò
ĳȻû˿񣬵ȴ֮ǰһЩѧϰ֯˺֯Ĵ޲Ҳƻ߼۲ŻһЩ
óһΪ˿ﲢǺܻӭΪϾû廨ࡣЩ˿ߣԼЩˮ׼廨һЩĶΪĻͼ˿˱ߡ
ò˵һԭǳͨ޲һӱþࡣ
ЩҲʮֵܻӭƻ߱壬Ҳһ·ЩҲΪռ鱨Ҫĵߡ
µŮ˶һģû˲ȰԣֻҪһó̯Ͼ£ŮԶġֻҪԼʹܴǿ֪ܶòСϢ
 

ٶʮ Ѫ

ٴιʼʩ֧̯֮ƻóԼЩ
Ưͼ޵ɫܿ˺ܶ฾˺СΧۡ
ƻҪ۲ͣȴԸǵһЩȽزϪ֣ʢıûİѿأͨ˶ǿҿġ
ҲһҪֻҪʮһ
ʮȻ࣬ǱϾɲףƸףʮҲһСˡ
ܶ฾˶ϲӦˣЩϪлֵǮƻЩоսס
Ľʿǣ϶ʵףսҲսףֱҪ̫
ô룬ƾ⼸ҲܣҪĽײУþǸǸһʽס
ĽףҲһ涼ûУǴЩ˵ĿУõһǳ˼Ϣ
ԭǸ캮ӵıã˫ʣͶӵĸף÷ͶϡϿɺ֮󣬲ӵԸ˸ɢˡ
˼ӵԸ֮ƻбѾҪͷ˵ƷкܺãֻΪƷ˵˾ϪɲҪһͺսϲŪļƵĿɺã
ҪҲֱߵǰ˵Ҫֻõİ취ȰŷųȥȻһ˽ӽ
ȴ͵ǰ
ƻӻзԼΪĶΡ
ЩһóŮ˵۾ˣŵһӤȭͷСҹ顣
⵱ȻģǸرĵعģʱڵܶʴӵʱ̣ҹ飬һЩ˳
һֱϣõʱץֻһЩϵҩӶûߡ
ôŵҹ飬ŵ춼ϡ䱦οϪ壬ôóһ棬ͱ˼ûжãֲϪĹ壬Ҫӡ
ƻȻשųҪҹ飬ȸϡ
⻰Ϣ˼ƻӾϡ
ûôأûʲô֮Ķܿϱ˴ȥԼĴʡ
ƻһЩڻĴǰ֮ͨ˽ȥ
ҲһʮֵĻĴɴʣҲʮһŴϣһ׻Ƥë
ܿ㱻ϵٻӰˣһ˳ȫͬģŮǳᣬƴĹɫ׵ĺѩһƤһͷغɫͷҲǰ͹ʮֵԸС
ΪŮӣƻöЩˣֲϵµӶΪɫȷʵߵ
ŮӣһЩĺ˵
Ϫ庺ռ̶ȻǺܸߵģټƻӵƻͨûϰĵط
ƻϽ񣬲ЦϹȻԭŮˡ
ȴˣֻǿ˵ҵǺĽ㣬ûгɫòȴɡ
ƻϻͿŻҲ޸ģȻǸòͨˡ
һ䣬ƻڵ⡣Ҳǣ˭ԸһʧȥɵĽ˿ȸأǰ̷һˣܺԼİһȴֱȥ֪Լ˵ôġ
ƻҲЩ꣬ԼĿȴ˵СŮһ취ϵóԸ
ЩûףͻȻЦһЦͬѩţ˾ޡ
ҵԸ֪ҵԸʲô𣿾ʦûа취һʲô취
ƻЦΪһˣҲа취Ҳ֪㣬޷ģǸʱ顣
һ΢΢󺣰۾Ǻܾذߵ̴ӶǲȥˣȻеʵ㶼֪ʲô취ϣһ춼ȥˣֻȥߣӡ
ֻҪһεĿɺǲ˳һˡƻЦ˵
ǸϸеŮˣҡͷɲܴߣҲԸǻһֵɺλãܻܿģ
ƻ˵ȴһܺõ⣬Ӳܵõɺ֮λ
ʲô취̼ʵ
 

ٶʮ 

̸˽һСʱʱ䣬ƻŴĴʳ
飬Ҫλϵˡ
صס֮תͷȥϵϪˡӵһ֮ȡϵҲϪвһɺϣǰġ
ε֪ȺܸߣϾμ۸ʣұԼƵθóԡȻҲ֪ǾԵĸΪ˵ıƷڸ֮ӵǿ׳
䱦ܷôΣȻʮֵĸС
ƻϵҪųϢ˵Ļˡ
һߣЩ̣ƻһһ
ƻЩٶһԺһֹסۣ㱼
ɻµ飬Ѿˡ
޵ǰһ򣬱ֹ졣ڼյƻ񶼵ϢյҪӦϢҲ֪µΣ
ȴ޳ĪЩϢҲǹʱЧԵģΪӪƻµжա
֮춼ҲѾˣһԼҵļǱȨۣӲҪŮ̫ӣ̫ӱƳӡ
Ū˶ԼҿʷֻԼˣְµʱ䣬û糯
ͳʱ䣬úһ³ãѹ˺üԼߵĽˣһ˫ˡ
ȵԼϳʱѾΪʱδôϰأһֱߥźе顣
һһ׮׮̵Ƥӵ£ԭܣ棬ǾȻ񣬾ȫϸߣ֮ǰѾڵɱġ
Щ֪Ҳֻ֪һٳãѡ;ܣ⵽ƻĳ͢ٺãҲʱȥұ߹ƻ
һߣƻ˵Ϣһųȥ֪һΣҲ˸ע⣬ɺ֮λλӡ
˭֪ƸʱҪԣȡλ̵֧֣Ǳһ롣
ܿ죬ƻҪĵ㣬Լ˹ҵˣǶӡ
Ӳû˵ǰаЦͦģʮֵĸߴǿ׳žֵͦġ
ǴȻҲ磬ƻҲʮֵСģ֪ǰʲô𣿡
´һ£ǾȣҲžȵ㾹ȻᣬһŮӣ
ҪӵƻҲԼŵ˵ǶӾһͷ𣿡
ҲЦ̫ˣʵЩȰˡ
ôһС֮ǰķΧ࣬Ȼ
̸УӺܾȵķ֣ƻȻһŮӣȴʮֵԨҼʶ˵ȫһˣһߣܴĻеõ
ѹеĿϲûóȻҪԼ˵ǵȻ⽥ѾʱԼĴȻȻȻ˵Ҫİ
һ̸һ˵ƷԻʮֵ˽⣬ҲȷһΪˣ˵ʽбܿ̿ɲһĸߡ
ƻȴҲѾɾ˵̣꣬¶ɻı飬СŮֻһˣʲ˵ûϹʲǫ̂棬ܰʲôأ
ӿ٣Ц˵˵СܹңȻԲǵģԺ˿ɺе񣬶ֻ̺۳Ρ
ƻԥһ£ֱ׵˵ӵ˵ȷʵʮֵǶ֪һˣҲûаյͶʣԻӸһʱ俼ǡ
ǵȻСҲһʣСҪúÿһǡЦ˵
ĺ˵ƻЦЦ˵һһ
һᣬȷʵĵúͶһᣬŸ뿪ˡ
֮ƻպһڲ裬к˵ˣһüû뵽ĳס
ƻվȻҪȳȥС
һӣƻ־ô˵ȷʵһ㶼ţĿʥݣòʮֵľ£ʹżֲ˼̻ζټһĿ޳ģ͸ӵˡ
ֳúܸߴ󣬲ͬϣеһ㡣
һ˵Ͱɰȫƻˣƻ˲񣬻ż
㣿ֱֵñһˣ
 

ٶʮ ¼ƻ

ƻ⻰ûһ˦ȥǻѹסԼĳ嶯ҲΪ䵭ӰһˣȷʵʮֹⲻȥСŮᵱûм棬֮ǰ˵飬Ҳȫɣ
Ͳݵӣһô̬ȣӵߵԼһˣ⸱ªģ֪Ȼʲôö
˵⻰ҲƻķӦֱӾ뿪ˡ
ƻҧҧһҪɱ˵ĳ嶯ɱıǸЩԵˣʲôʥ࣬ʲôƷкöǹƨ
ĻصƻѱӸˣȻԸķ˴
ʱƿ˽ϵѾãΪ˶ǿ׳ˡ
źƻЩʵʲôȥˣһ
޺ٺЦʱ䱼ߣ֮ǰҲһɨգֱˬʵӣǸ¼Ÿ㣬ȹˡҪȻȥϴٸ˵
ˣʲôϽ˵ɣƻڰ֣˵굹һˮԶԶǰһƣͲűˡ
Ҳ⣬豭һںˣ˵ҸղһǶȥ֣ôţ
˸ƻһۣеûš
ֺٺһЦҲֻ˵ˣڶʱĶ֣˵ģֱӱҴ˾ȻǴˡȻҸղŻʱ򣬴Լңҵݣ˵Ҫȥ
ƻ꣬΢΢һüʵô˵ģ
Ҿʵ˵ˣ˵ߵˡ˵ȥ飬ҵûȫؾ˵һ롣
ƻһļϣСӣشĲ
޿Լϵֿ֣˿Թ˷ܵƻεҡҡͷСһŮʶûС
Ǹ޿ɾҩģʶЩ졣
ûãƻÿ֣Ȼ˵ԺӽӴӴ˵ֶ֧в˵Ʋ϶ӣ˵Ҫӡ
޲˵ôףǰһҲˣҪȥִ֧ӣֶ֧ӣ
ӿɽ̣ƻļȻ˵Ȼʼ˻ңǿĵҪֶ֧ӣǴӾͻԸңʱҵʧҲǶӵʧǻܾˣ
ô֧ǸλЦʵ
ƻһֲݰɺ˭ɺ
̿˵ѵõõҵĵطһú㣬ȡմﵽĿģҲûȥ
ţ˵ĲƻЦеʱɿģ
εǿɺҪлС佱ˡ
˵˵
Цһᣬǰϸڶһ
ڶ磬ƻͼǸӡ
Ȼ֮ǰһ˵һ㶼һΪȻúǽ˶ȴʮֵ˵Ҫɱһ㣬ЦҿҲıˡ
ƻٶоһѹ˵ʵȷʵа˼
ݼӡƻ
Ӵһ˵⼸죬Ϫ۵˶һ˰ɣ
ˣǸλƵСŮˣƻͷ˵
п˵һʼ棬㵽ʲôô֮ͣڿһѵõĵطǱǴ˵Ҳϻܵܣǳɴϣһľ
ƻֵͷ˵˵ûдСŮȷʵûʲô£
û˵ֱ꣬ӴĻ˵㵽ʲô£ֻҪǮǶԱãֻܸűȻֻܻٵ㣡
ƻЩֱŵˣǺܿԼı飬ӣȻˬ죬СŮҲֱ˵ˡǾ仰СŮһˣֻ档
Ӷ˺һᣬֻƻͷƤ飬ҪըëʱͻȻЦͻȻԼذףֱӼܵĲ
ƻ۾Ǹ񾭲ɣ
ʲô
˵㻹ǵһڱǰô˵ˣڷǳҪɱ㣬ȴЩ᲻ãܸ߱Ϊʲô𣿡
ƻȷһ񾭲һ˵СŮס
ִЦֻôֱ׵Ķײ̫Ȥˣɱ㣬ΪȤɣ
˵ɫҪǸͶˣǻɱģ
 

ٶʮ 

ƻȻһֱ񾭲ȴòΪԼС룬СŮˣǻӸһЩʱ䣬Ͼһ¹Ĵ£СŮòϸһ롣
ֿһᣬŰϵذÿЦãʱ䣬ǱҪĴ𰸣ǱһŹģ
ƻȻѾʮ˴ʺһ飬ϻǴЦݣˡ
תͷ񶼲ˣʲô£һôôѸ㣡ǾԲţǸӻһˡ
εȻҲʧ
ڡǡ֮ƻڷˡ֡ǰȥ˶ӡ
ûпӵĴʣԶԶıﴫһһ˵
һֹƾƻĶһ֮ࡣ
һ߹һˣƻתߣվԶԶġ
Ǹȫ·ϰΪļƣûо쵽ĲȻԹԵǰš
ƻһֻøȥϾʵΣ̺
һۣܺĵС˵˾䣬ˡ
аȴһ£˵ֻǺ
ûã֪Ǹĺˡ
ѾζһʼֻļУ˳׵׵ļп޺˵Ц
ƻľ
ֹӵʱ䣬ڳ׵İˣƻһҲѾ˹ȵס
ûãǱ˽ȥ̧һ߾Ů¶ʬ壬һƬڵĶûУǰЩŮ˶ûһϡзŵ컯µıУƻܵһֺòڵĿͷݣͲ֪ǻ˶ıУ
ƻֻһθѹסˣԭлЩΪôһ˾ӣһ㲻ûˣֻ޲ɱ
ӻûб̬ȥߣǴģĴ˳΢ƻЦһСðˣûŵСɡ
ƻҡҡͷûдеĵ⣬ʲôСãһһְõζģ
ǻȥһ̸ɣӿû¶ıʧ˵
˱һʣƻѾָ򶨣֮󣬱˵СŮʱĿǣǾöӲǺʵѡڼλѡһ˵ĻСŮһҪѡӣ
ôһ˵ȻǷǳĸˣЦ˵ģһģ
ƻЦŵͷԭӸҲĶģκǶġ
شöԽӵ⣬úϵȹ̵ĹϵֻҪ棬ϵβƵģ
ȻƻȻҲҪóԼĳˣͳʮƱݸ˶ӣ˵Щܹӵȼü֮ǻʲôҪСŮ
ӿеƱǾ⼫ˣ̶ЦСȻһˬˣȻСôг⣬ҲԲС㣬ͰᵽסɣֻҪɱھԲֺ
лӣƻ̵ͷл
Լãɲ뱻Ǹ񾭲鷳ǰᵽ˱ӻȽϺáȻҲܼ֮ìܺͳޣ
ƻȥ֮æʰˣ˵ϵˣȥҪһƷ
֪Լȥʲô飬ЩȷʵҲҪ˵ף㻻·˹ȥˡ
ƻϣʮֵĽƻ߽ӭ˵С櫶Բ㣬ûа˼úõ˵мᣬǻţһǶǰ㣬㡣
ƻƿ֣ϾͲ˵ֻˣСŮԼӣıֿɲ˵СŮأ
ûе£ż˵ҵĴûӲúø˵ȥ㣬ԸǸСһҪٸһλᣡ
ƻǿĵ˵ͷгķϣټһӵûʲôҪ֪ѾͶӺˣһ㻹ҪͺãҪʱֲɢ
̵˵ͷףס
ƻֲ̿ӣָһŶ裬⼸죬λҶõҲˣ˵ʵʵ벻һɺѡ⻰ûдһ񾭲һ̬߰Ŀʲôļֱë
 

ٶʮ Ʊ

ƻܿͻԼǱѾʰĲ࣬ϢûдӵĶøϽߡԵȥ˶ӵӪء
ȻʮдǷųһ룬ӵ輧뿪ˡ
ƻҧҧװûпֻ̫ˣȴֻǿŪ̬
£ӵ͵ĺܿ죬Ҳһ֤ԼöʮֵľȣҲӵĿء
ȻЩڴӵУȻʮֲζһҪƻȥѾʶƻֵĶӣôϷߣԭͽŵĹϵӽš
Դ֪ҪϪ弸ӵĶ֮ʱ򣬾ͱŵ϶û˯þ
ŵѹ˭ġ
ĳһһ̩ɽѹĸоһԾʼʱ䣬ʲôطˣ̫ӵˡ
˼ȥʱ䶼ǳİ֣Ҹ鶼òǰ̫ӵ¶š
˺ܻһͬǣ͵״С㡣ŷӦȻ˵С㲢ûӳˣҲ䲻̫ӵһСˡ
Ƿ׷׻򰵵ĵһԼöΪԼңŻСʧٵ飬ҲŻ̫ӵϲŭ޳
ԼǵûһԾ˳֮󣬻Ҫ裬Լǹײ
鷿ûпʼʻ˵ڵϣԩԼҶԩİͷ֤ЩԼңûһ仰ģ²Ҫɱ˰
ӣֻЩᷳԱߵʹ˸ɫ
̸ϽȥҪȴ޽еǵ²Լңǳ͹ڵµǰ
ⲻвʲô輸Ҫˣһ֣ȻԴ򣬱Űɣ
̴ߵһˣԼȴȫû뵽边Ȼ˵Ĳˡ
Ѿ˵˳ȥҲ̾ͷڣֻӲͷƤˡ
ȫڣڰۡ
һʱһָддǷۣ϶ǷڰϵһͷҲû̧ѾԼȫˡ
ԼȴѾ˫ϥ飬û֪ϵıҲŤˡ
ҪӻҪ뷨ͣĸţҲĥ
ֹ˺һᣬֱߵĲ豭ȴֿˣһ裡
һҲ״˵еĳĬԼץסᣬʹһϡ
Цһ̧ͷԴôˣ
˲ˣôһЩסˡԼ̱ڵϣԼȣһ̬ӵӡ
Ѿ˵ˣϣܸһ̨£˳µվܸһӡ
ôúŪģ˵Դ˲˵Ҫڱǰôھ֧Ųסˣ
ԼƤٺ⻰ƤҲɵЩȡ
˷ɣһ󱲣óһֱôŵĵ˵
ڵԼһˣԼȻи̵ǻ˿ƴǵ̵ĸ첲վ
迴˵ղԴ˵ԼǱԩǰɣãǽ챾úõһ㣬һԩԼҡ
һΪ޵ʧ󣬲ŵʿȫûսʧ٣ԩռң
ԼҪϣǵʱľ赱ȫĶģҲֻҪͷȷʵԼѲ˸ϵ
ã˵֤ȷ䣬Ҳݲ㲻ϡڶԼһֱҪɼ޸°ԩԼ𣿡
Լҡͷ˵ֱں˵˵ôɸͲԼҵ˼ⶼǹϲɣҪɼ޸£ɸԼûаϵ
ûйϵЦһ浱ɵӲɣĸϲɣûǵߥ㲻˱ԸһҪɼ޸׷εʱ򣬱ʲô鶼ĸͷһƣԼôѵ̫ɳ𣡡
ԼȴϣȴǸԼûйϵ
УûйϵǰɣǾ˵һ飬˵ԼѾȨϣԩԼң˵
Լ̷ϣ⵱ȻģԼҶԻϺ͵µҳϣ¿ɼҪΪϺ͵ǽѰˣô˵Ȩأ
 

ٶʮ ֱ

һֱǹƪ˵ûѬģʵǺܺ棬ôҶ뿪ˣϷҲովȽţԼһ壬׻ʲôģڱһֱߥĸھȻܵǰΪɵӣܱˣתǲǣ
ԼûϵᷢôƢ˵ҲĲ棬ΪԼô游ڿȫˣǰͲ˵ġ
ش˵˵ǲǾñɵӣ
ԼѾŪãĸҲϽҡͷȻǣôôأ
һȻûô룬ԺͲЩ飬ȻҪֱ顣˵ûбˣԴ˾뿪ˣкܶҪæ
Լ̸ˣ̫£ϾȻо˿ů⣬ֻýһֱ䵽ͷ
Զƻڵȵ֮ǰӦԼӡ
ɫʮֲݣƻҲŲͷĻ˷ַţ˵һҪҲ˵ļƻȷʵͼúøɣȡհѱƽˡ
ƻѾúƽϣҲżɽ˵Ӻܿܿɹ㣬ҲûģҪ
򣿣ӿЦ˶ô˵Ц𣿡
ƻҲЦһôɺλúϣжֲֻҪͷ̴뿪Բӿķ
㣬вң̴˵
ƻЦЦв̫ˣӿʵڵҪȡɺ֮λ˵ЦϪ˭ܺһܰ㲻Ѵ֮ûκεΣյɺ֮λϣϣӽԺֻһˣôһ룬ҵǾƥҪˣټӡ
ֻҪܸˣʱһһƥٵĽ㣡ӸϽ˵Ӽۡ
ԭޣȻҪãȴʮֵĲסƥսѾǼĿˡ
ƻҲ֪ЩȷʵЩˣⱾĿģҪȻҲôľ
߸ӣǱ߱ȥ
ƻҲûе飬Ĵȥˡ
ǵܵν£ӿżɽʵ
ƻͷ˵СŮȻҪСŮһѣСŮֻһѾڶˣطǶȥˡ
ЦСȻһˣҲǱõˡ
ޡƻ˵ûб飬СŮиˡ
һȣЦ˵һ飬ĴȥȾƣ˵ȥǲȥأ
ƻɫ˵Ҫ̽ʵǲȥ¶ӣһ´ӻӱ䱾ĶԸˡ
˵еηǵҪȥˡӵͷ˵ҲҪһȥ¿һۣ·һø͹ȥ
ö˶˵ģƻͱˣҲûбֵĲֻ˵лӡ
ûм죬ϯ˼㵽ˣƻϴãִ϶׼·ȥͣĵطš
һӲ٣ƻЩȣʵôô磬˺ܾˣ
ƻҡҡͷûУöӵҵĵ
Цⶼɣõģûֶ
ƻҲûж˵ʲôֻЦЦһɽ
滹ŻкܴĿ϶˵һỰ˱㶼ĬˣֻĬĬĵȴŵĿĵء
ھ벢ǺԶûöãǱ䵽˴ӵӪء
Ȼ˼ʮǾ˵ĵʵһǳΣյľٶôţҲԼĿ֮ɱӡ
˺ܿһǰһ߽˴ӵӪأû߶ñ㵽ٰĵطѾǼ˵
ӹ߹ʺãѴؿڵĶƻǰԼ߹Ƕˡ
ҲŮ죬Ҳ߹񣬵ǶƻҲʮֵĺ棬͵͵Ŀ˺üֵۣ֮Ĳƽͨģ֪ƾʲôܱӴֳ
οģһ
ƻҲΧĿ⣬ֻԹԵĴųأЩ֣ҲΧеġ
 

ٶʮ Ƕ

Ŷ֮󣬴˵Уƻ֪ԭмճأΪ˸ұˤõСͽǶ
ƻ˿ܹԶŸǿ׳Щ׹صһЩҪ³ˤӣ˵ҲǸ֮
ûãӱ˹Ҳż쳣ߴǿ׳ȳƵЩĴмԵЩ
ȻҲע⵽ˣ΢΢ͷƻǸӲ𣿡
ƻüͷҲţҲһɻͲõģȷʵߵˣҲʲôʱʹнġ
ӵһͷƻжģ²ŻڴӵߣǿƻģֲرĿ϶ˣɶлɣϳЦЦԭСҲ֪
֮ƻɨһۣдżѪɱ⣬ЦŶ˵лλ͹⣬һþƣһ͵սʱȲҪλ٣þƺ⣬ȫ
һ䣬̧һֻ˽֮һ˱ǵ㡣
̧֮һֻڲԶĽɱˣֿ
м׳һ׶ߣ˫ֲܱסľ̳˹ŵ˵ԡһŨҵľ˳
ֱôӣߵľҨףҲ˴Ƭ˵ǰ
õ⣬ҪĿˡӿԼǰ⣬̧ͷƻ˵ãûбСʸһ˰ɣ
ƻЦˣСŮһˣɳƲʲôĿˡ
Ȼô˵СҲƴǣȷʵϪĿˣ̶Ӵϲκ˿Ϊ̶ӵˣԶȻĿˡһԲɫİѡĿˡһ塣ӵıڼȴ赭дĻˡ
ƻ˳µ˵ϷСŮ㹧ˡ
ȻðȴҲòǰ͸ƻҲǳԵİá
ϣƺⲻ٣ȻҲ١ûãһȺ輧룬ֻмƬϱ壬ϹɴҪ޾жޣڳ裬һı˫۷Ź⣬ŮЦ
ƹѲ˵񾭶Ѿ§輧֪ϦϦˡ
ͷϷûпʼȵ޶ǶҪʼˡ
ɳһĴ󺺣ϵļʮֵĿ¡
һҲɳԼս󺺼һֻǸ԰һЩ
ܿǱڳпʼˤӣԭʼֱӵײ˶Ѫڣߵ輧ʧȥȤжžģӵģ˶ڴ˻ţ
ƻַΧȾˣ۾ųϵ׳ʱʱҲһá
ϵƾУʮֵĽšΪ˵ˤӣʮֵĺÿµ˻ҲӵĴ
ʱƣʧУӵԳơĸӺܸߣҲζ̲ȣʧȱҲı¶˳ձץסһᣬֱһϲϣɢ֮ʱֱһƯıˤ˸ˤ˵ϡ
㴸Լؿڷ˻ܰѵ˴ܵ˷ܡ
Ҳʮֵĸˣ˸ȥһƣȻԴ˵ӣǲ˼ҽҡ
һͺһƣ˵һָԼԱһȸղǸҪĺӣʾ³
ְĿ׼˶ӣܣûȤսһ£
ЦȻȤֻǲһͷСˣʮ̳þƣˣ輧͸СΣ˵һѰԵ輧§˻У
⻹˵Ӧ
֮ʽˡ
һӲҲɳһͷӭսʤͬһֻȸһ㡣
ĵڶǱҲʮأһֱûкþѡһˡ
ʱͻȻվ˳˵ӣһԣ
ӿ˿ãǱˣ
λĺܣѵҲǴӵ̴Ӳ𣿡װĿʵ
˵û°ôӢ̴ӣƼˮѰˣȻԸһ֣ȻҲûоܾɣ
ԭСܾʶʶеӢ۵ֶЦ˵
Ϊصһ˳ȥȫڿʣ˾ôܱȵЩԭϵʿ
 

ٶʮ Ϸ

׳Լȫļ˳ԴŶ޵ӣһûа޷ϡ
ϵǺɣȫûٴеĽ֮У׳˹ָͷϵıơ
ûае׳ƣŭһֱӳײ˹
ȻǶ֣ҩۼɺԣ׳ɲ޵Ķ֡
ɵĶ׳ײڴʱ򣬺ݺ˦һ֣žͺݺݵһƣеֻ׳
׳ȵһ˲ͷĿѣһѺ󲪾˻Դִһֳ޳
޼һЦٴ׶㿪ι·ݺݵһ¡
׳ֻñеֻ첲Щ飬Ҳûоúܣϳ塣
ǳϾͱһţһţһֱײһֻͷţײȻ˳һ¡
ûжã׳ĵԽԽأȴʮֵɣϵЦٴָͷ˹
׳ϷˣϵɫҲ죬ܶ˶ڹЦ
ӵǵ⣬ӵɫȴʮѿƻϿһۡ
ƻӣϵɫҲʮѿϾöûˣӡ죬Ҫʲôʲôû˵ֻԶ΢˹֡
ޱջߣȻƻܲ
ϵĽǶҲܿӽβ
ղŻʲô׳оԼϣûһ۵ģ첲̧Ӷתˡ
޿ʱѾˣֱǰ˼ڿն˫ϥصĶ׳ؿڡ
׳˻ӣȻȻء
̱ҵĺȲ޳˹˹֣ߵ˴ӵĸǰһڡ
ӿͣӢ۹Ȼﾴһƣ
ޣǵСˡЦǽ˴ӵݹľƣײײľ룬һ
¾룬޺ˬһЦþƣ¿ҪӺˣ
飡ҲЦ˵
ˣǱȴˣλ׳ʿȷʵǱȵĲˤ𣿲֪׳ʿõʲô
ӹЦȿûй涨һҪˤӣǶϣõȻ˭ܴܶ֡
ƻȵľ仰䣬վ˵Ȼô˵һλı£תͷޣʱҲˣҾȻ֪Ȼ֡
һ׹ߵӢۣȻƻˡںԣѾ˸ڽˡ
ľܣͲ¸С˰ɡ޿ƻǹţдӣ˵ӾľС㲻һˣûʸǰ¶汾¡
ƻЦˣô˵ҸҪ֪ҵûʸˣֶԴ˵ӾΣ
ӿֻǱͿˣʼ־壬ŻҪޱԡ
ЦֻҪǶûȻҲûУ
ʵʹӵ뷨࣬ƻ˵С㲻Ҫ嶯Щ湦ġ
ƻӲصģԼˣб½ѵģ
ȷϵһ飬֣Ҳ˵ͷ
ԼȻҲûƻ˵ǰ棬ҪǴ㣬ɲҪҵ鷳
ƻҲһõ˵ɣ˵ֱ꣬ߵ˳ϡ
Ӹ׼·Ȼ˿ģҲģΪ嶼ҪЩװĸоŴҲ
ޱƻ߹΢΢һüһļơ
˺ôƻſסԼҪ촽ԵЩŭӣ˾Ͳ²ǲ޶ʲôƵı顣
ڳվƻҲʲôĻᣬֱӱ˹ȥ
Ƕҡҡͷ֮ǰǸ׳ĳȥûʲôôóȻĳȥõıǵȴȳС
ȴǾٴУ֪ƻҪʩչ˺ȻڲϷҪƻģҲһӾ
ԼҲ뱻Ҳ˹ȥ
ƻȴսپƯӮοҲ죬ûôϸŮȫʩչ
嵽ϣͻȻӣһȦ˵޵Ľűߣ˫ȼסϥǣһߵȥ
̺ȣ̿ס壬Ҫƻ˫š
 

ʮ Ļ

ƻȻϲޣٸıսԣԼվȵһ˲䣬Ȼ͵һϥǡ
ҡεվȣĹԣƻһҪ嶼ûŤתǸ̶ȣǱ㵹˵ϡ
һ֣ƻʤ׷ֱӳ˹ȥ
ޱĹˣǰҲûˣɾҲûʲôһӮİա
ƻĻᣬƻ̿ʼʹãĿ궼׼ĵط޻ʹ
ǱϾ书ҲͣҲѽѷ֡
һʼЩӦǳϵĽԽԽʣǵҲʼк
ȻΪȵĻǴӺͶӣǶƻûб̫ϣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ
ųƻչ¶ĶԽ࣬ϵıҲʼ˷ֱ
ȻǼ񵽱Ŀϲȴʮְպͷŭ
˵սҲӽβȫʩչƻԽˮ֪սһֱСĵĿƵ˵ľ룬ôûӴ
һȭƻֱӶȻһץץסȭͷһֱۺ󷭣嶼ֱƻץסᣬֱڿն˫ȼסļתزȻǲӣЩһգ۵ĹתԼӴ˵֪ױ㽫Ȼʩչš
Ȼ޵գƻֱӴӵվԼϵ˵Ҫѵ㣬Ҫúýѵ㣡
ֻԼȫĹؽڶۣԼҪѾʵļһǲôô·ƤΪ׽Щ١
ֻͷŭһСС㣬СصĸŶ԰ɣ
ƻЦһ¶Ҫ֣Щʲô𣿣˵ֱ˳أŶӹֵϣûöʧ
̴ЦȻûУ˲¶࣬Сʵ̫ñˣֻ֪С㵽׻ʲôģ
ޡƻǺǫĵͷ˵
߹ߣһһվ˴ӵߡ
Ȼһ裬Ҳδȫֻǳ˵ͷ
ӿһޣڵ⣬ֶԴ˵磬γˣֻǿϧ翴еľȻСߵˣС㱾ˣ
ӱķ˵ĸŭͣһᣬȻƻϺݺݵĹι۹ȷʵãСɲҪ
֮ĽǶΪ֮ǰ˾ʵĴû˼ټϴɫǶЩκѰܿͽˡ
һһ˵һĻʽֵͷϷֶҲڽ
ͣϢԶ춼ϪĻңԼĶʮ
ΪƻǣƣĲҲƻܹɹڽ֮ڣ¶βвҲרİڲ鴦ãҲܵõϢĻᡣ
ʵ춼Ҳڰӿ⼸ҽһԼ˽Ĵ󳼣ԼȻ಻ҲڳԳ͢ΣѾγ˶š
ЩϺ꣬ᵽһֻһԹ
̶Դ˴ƢǳиֹͣУЩͷڹǽͷݣȫɱˣ
Ҫ侲ܶ࣬ĵ̵ҪôԼңʣô죿
ô죬һһ߽Լҵ̿һ裬Ż˵֪Լ棬㴦ЩһжΪáڻλǱţǻǸӵ޷졣ҪΪɨƽһ谭޴Ӧ㣬ԼʶʱĻ޿Բɱˡ
赣ĵı̶̬ȣô˵ҲԶ
лʡʵûжôĵĵԼңԼЩ飬ѾǰôǺ֪ҰĴˡοǴδˣһõĹߣҲˡ
貢ϣֻܹΪɵԼ֡
ѽʽֶΣ̫ˡҡҡͷмᶨҪɨһϰľġ
⧲㿪ʼҿϽ߹ȥӹеĲ裬ݸȻıˣ˵ҲҪע塣
 

ʮһ 

ʮһǻλѾʮ꣬ܿǻ֮ˡѾǰǽ˥˵ںܶѾ账
Ҳȫܷ²ܣΪң߹춯Լҵ飬ķ񣬸ֲ֢ҲһЩ
΢һЩ˵û£Щëˣ㲻صģѾ̫ҽҩˡ
ͷüͷȴûȫչ
ʵ̵ĸܸӣޣȷʵޣǰɱĸףԼ顣ĸ׻ţѾʲôϣ鶼ʧ̸ʲôˡ
סȴȫеһΪ׵Σϸϸ̵Ϊ֮ίΣֵ
Щ״ʲôһֱĸоĴиܵһ׵Ĺػ
̾һе鶼ߵˣױôȰĸȴԼĺ⡣ô˵˫ҲУþТģΪ£ðɡ
ÿæµӹ÷ɿ죬תۼһ¡
һƻڶŽߣϪĹ壬Ҳ֡
Ϫ屾ͳƻȺȻء
ⲻ̵ʱӺͶӵĹϵҲĶ񻯣ƺƻսӽɱģɹɱɱͶǶоյĻˡ
ɱӲܣֱɱ˼ϲĳ輧һȥ˵ĹϵѾĵ޷͵ĵز޲ðѶԷɱ֮졣
һƻļƻ͸˳ìٴֱӾ浶ǹĴ
֮Ҫìܣһǿɺ֮λϣƻˡ
ԼìܵѾӵ˼£ʣµıǰǶԵڶδػϲΪñ˵õˡ
ɺ֮λҪģҲںģΪ֮ƴġ
ƻȴҲֱӸԣҵӣӷųϢ˵ҪӣԿˡ
Ϣշųûжã֮󣬶Դ֮ԱǣȴҲʼ̶ӽдѹԭʵӣ׽⡣
ʱƻҲʱԶԣӣϪûпɺѾôʱգڶ˵ΧĲ嶼춯Ϊ֮ƻǸϽѾȶ˵
ȻҲ֪ôȥǰ취üƻ˵չʲô뷨𣿡
ƻͷӵȻʮֲȴҲСŮҪΪɺûбȨеġ
еȻбȨçӪǱģʮѾϪԵõ˵
ƻ̧ͷһۣ˿˵ȻѾȨƣβһݣʱСŮԸһɱƬײ
ӿҲûлʲô˵γûҲ֪Ϫ˳ɣǴ󶯸ɸֻ꣬»𲻱Ҫ鷳
ô˵ƻҲòϣȻǸȴҲʮִʱ뵽֣Цȴŵǣֻ´ӿɲôġ
һߣްƻĻԭⲻĶԴ˵һ飬Բб߱ɱһ˵ҪԶñһƬ˷ܣȴҲûԣҲԥ֮С
޾ֱ˵ӣˡٶһ䡣ȻرԴӵͣǴȻɱԷһƬײ
ӸĶȻûֱͬȴԸȥ˿ʼӣӵ̬ȡ
һж̴̼˶ӵ񾭣ټƻҲ̿ʼӣ뱸ս
һƻĿľѾﵽ˴롣
һϪĵطж֧ӶݣûĦǲǲģֻҪһɡ
һǱӪУɱ˼ʿǵʬ˴ӪԱߡ
ڶѰ֮ʱǷʬ壬䡣
ȥӪ˵ʿҲʼ
ƻ䴦˼֧˫ʿԭͽţαֱӴ
ʮˣȫ˴Ӫ֮⡣
Ϣ⻹ĵãӪнʿȺ鼤ߣҪôӵʿѪծѪҲը˷Σã˸ˣֱӰѴǴӪֱӸƽˡ
֪ˣ⻹˵ãֱҲɱ˶ӵľӪʿԴӵ˶ӵӪͷ
սѳɣһȥ֮У˫˺ܴ
 

ʮ Բ

飬ϾͲƻЩʲôˣӺͶѾˮ𣬲ݡ
ºϪһƬԭϣչ˾ս
ڲԶĸϣϿɱˣվŶʮԴֻҪһ£Ǳȥɱɡ
ʮ֮Уһ۱ܿɺüӪɵġ
ӵȻնʮЩ˶ƻ˵˵Ԯƴ˴մճôˡ
ȻҪôģƻϵǮƻԴǸҪģȻӦ
Զƻµӵࡣ
չﶼźˣӿһۣԺ⡣
ƻδֻ潻ս֧ӣٹһᣬӱᶾʱ򣬰׷ܣǼ߷ȵĲ࣬ԿɴȥʣµɱƬײ
ӿĻɵҲѪȣ֮޲ھͳȥ¾
ƻתͷӣСŮӦӵ鶼Ѿˣ֪ƥ׼ˣ
һȴһ䣬˵ȻѾ׼ˣȴȶȻһƥٵĽչ
ƻЦЦѾʱܸóЩСŮİɡСŮˣɲԼеôķա
вȻʮֵķŭϪںأҪṩʽؽܸ˺
ǵȵ˿ɺ֮λƥ׼ãҲҪû£Ǵˣ
һƬɱ⣬Ҳûȫֳֻչǲң
ƻǲǸȡ裬ûбҪ˵Ųֻɣ
ۿһۣ֪һúŪˣ룬ƣǱʱ㱾ڣҲɵУѡ
ƻСŮҲͷˡ
˵Ҫ뿪ӽסС㲻ſ𣿡
һжѾãȻһʧСŮƣȻȥϢˡ
ӵͷ˵ʱ칦ƣչҲһҪ
ȻƻЦŵͷתͷ뿪ˡ
߳Զͣסһۣв⡣
ⳡսΣϪ彫ǰĻԻܱͣߵĸҲķӣѣԮûôͻȥ
ԲǰϪ壬ǻӵϣҪһ
ҲؽֱеĿģԲˡ
˿ͷ죬˹ǰС
صϪ壬޵ѾڵȺ򣬿ӭȥ
ƻϷһŵˣͳǰ˻Σ㶨׼׼ϳ
˻أٴöıװ뿪Ϫء
ƻ޹ȥӵ
һʼ֪ǾԲƥģƴǰģҪϲһ仰¡
οһˣϪ췭ظӾٴҲڿѾɱġ
Ҫĵȵ칦ʱǲɵˣ
ڻңǸϽʱЧԵƣץƥϽߣ
һ֪ƻֿȵ˵Ҳҵ
ֻôҲ൱أѯҪôԭ
ƻŭڴ̣˵Ҫʲôѵɱ˳𣿻㣬ǵӵ飬Ǹ𣿣
ϪҪĵطܴ඼ţȻҲ֪ƻаӣлǣǽսѾȥˣʣµսֻһȻЩǴ඼ûоѵģս
һ򣿡ƻһ´⵹ˣʱֱ˵Ӹľˣ˵ʲôҪ̵
һսǿսϾõɱҪĸȥһΣôҲ׬ˣ
һһѣϽҴߣƻ˵
лЩɻ֪һսģôȴҪأǿƻôģֻսսֽţʱҲû˵
Ͼ㡣µ˸Ͻ˵
Ǻܿ˳ʮḻūţƻ
Ϊ˶Ŀսķһξ룬߶ȥ
ūɻУͻȻܳܶ˽Ǹ
ƻȷʵҪǸϾûôЩ˶û
 

ʮ Ӫ

ƻŵЩūֻҪǽϵ߾뿪ɡ
ūĶټԱ˻ҲӦƻȥ
ȻһƥЩǺٶȿ죬ҲãϢ֮⣬ͷһ첻⡣
ǳ˲ʱȥУǱУ϶ڿҰܣĲݳȥˣЩҲûжԡ
֮Ȼֱƭˣŭɱ£ɱȥ׷һƻٳգЩνԮҷɢ
ǣƻһ˸·æµʱ䣬ڵ˱߹ءıѾǱȡϵؿҲѾפЩս
սʱڣԴǲòӡ
֮ƻͣ㣬ӪߡץסڣѾȥһʱ䣬֪Ӫʲô
ָ·һ˲ڵ˴Ӫ
ԶƮƮӪһµķΧ֮Сڶ˰أʿһվñֱרעֽĿܵһƻ˿ʾ
ӪŴ򿪣ܳʿվſڣԴ
ƻӣʮֵ⣬ȻôãôЩӺôû̫ʧ
ͷһޣȻҲ⣬ϴżԺ
ˣƻҲû˵ʲôɨ˵Ļ˼ӿٶȣӪš
߽ʿſ˭̳ӭӣ˸ߺ˧͸˧ˣ
ƻݸʿޱЦźǴкһӪȥ
˻ϢܿʹӪ˴Ӫ˳Ǵк
ͽҲ˳С㣡
ƻ˵ֵͷţһˣһж𣿡
˵ͷкᡣ
СܿˡΡ
Ҳʹͷʵ˵
ƻεıˣǵļ򣬡ⲻǺúõģˣ۵ġ
˴˳Щ˼ĨĨϵᡣ
Ӫһж𣿡ƻʵ
Ҫ˵ӪͻȻƿһ߳߱˵ԭ㻹Ӫе
裿ƻǾȣǾϲֱһ˵Ļ˵ôˣһΪҪþòܼأ
ԭһӵȫһ˸ɢˣЦǶ̲סҪҪǲӪɴķ˵ˣ
ô˵Ҳ˿ûƻƻеĸˣֱЦһ˫һ۶
Ե˶Цһֻ޵Ц˼ֿɬ
ɫѾЩס̧ͷ˺һǲǣ
̫ӵһĻԹۣϽ뿪ˡ
Ŵƻ߽ӪУŻеƻһЦôЦģ
ˣҿɸˣǺþöûˣҵȻˣƻ˵ĸˡûйϲʱ̣һ˲䣬ԼҪҸķˡ
ͬоҸȻ裬ʲôʱйĴĿµͶͱֿ˳Ǹӣһӣֻů˾ƶˣƮƮġ
̲סͷĶͷ治֪ô졣ҲάֲסԼŭˣֻ䣬֪֪ҶҪˣһôԶԶϢҪüҲյĵ
ƻ˸ıֻȥ̽һϢҲûȥôã㵣ˡϲ˵ģǿûа취ˡ
յϢˣҲ̫ðˣ̧ͷһĶͷ
ƻŶͷЦһǧѷĺûᣬ˵ʲôҲܴˣֱĸ첲קһߵϣ춼ôã
춼Ѿ߰˰ˣʣµĶ˸ʡһе飬һ˵һ仰Ҳɵ̡
𣿣ƻǾϲܳϦദʱܼˣ
ҲЦʵôģ
Ȼˣƻ˼ĵͷ
Ҳ̲סϺݺݵһڣȻģڲҿɲ֪һʲô
ݺݵģƻȴ̲סһЦͷһ£㲻ҪΪŵң
 

ʮ 

ƻһ޿ֵģʵھбҪúõĽѵһű㽫һѱڻС
ƻŲΣյϢѾ̫ˣһͱᱧЩźͲȷĽһ裿
ͷһۣ¶һ˿аЦ⣬߼ֱӽŵ˴ϣԼҲѹȥ
ϢܿռĿƻʶץԼ½ǣм޴룬˫ֱֻ
ǰ˴գֻߣͳ˵Ų𣿡
ƻǽţ̲ס½ǣ裬Ǻú˵˵
ǳǿӲ軹ܽѵһʾһ취ûˣֻ΢΢̾һ˾룬ֻҲԸǸҶҲҪڿӦҾԲԼΣ֮УôģǱץߣҼûеϢò׾ȴһȥ˱Ӧҵ飬һ
ƻתͷԭҪһǿīУӳģƳҲݲκζҪ˵ЩҲҭ˺С
Ҳ̾ϢһֱסûӦ飬֪ҲΣ㵣ˣԲԺҲˡ
ϴҲ˵Ҳˡ軹˵
ƻЦһ£ؿڣҴƭ㲻𣿡˵һɣôʱ·Һۡ
ߣḧ˸ƣüۣƻ̲סһЦﹰ˹˸ƣı۾
εЦСһķ㣬˯һɡ
ʱ˵ĺ㽥ƽĸǰ鷢ļܽС
ƻߣһķ·Ҳ˹ޣҲûʲôܱȵȫȻ
̾Ϣһֻ㽫˴˽ᣬҲûһ̡
뿪춼Ѿʮ죬뿪˸һһźţڳﱸʲôڶѾ˶ֵʱ
һʱյԼңֿʼ˷ˣֻȴѧˣͻ䵳¿ʼᵳӪ˽
һҪԼҵ̣ȴҲֻԼҶԽԽⱡ
еҲڳεġѡ½˽㣬лͣ飬Ϊʺ
ȻʺѾȥ꣬Ϊƽ⳯оƣЩ궼ûٲʺȻһͷΣʵѾǺ֮
ǳԼңһֻԼңΪ̫֮󣬻ʺ֮λþġΪһԼңҪЮ費˵ŴԣΪʺ󣬸ߡ
ǶɱĵֹһԼҵУĹϵ񻯣кܴĹϵοѷֻҪǻ֮ԼҵĺӾˡ
費춼ǰôһʯҲҪ֮ġ
ǸǷӿǹУһ֮ơ
գƻҲܿ״̬ٴμӪе񣬲ʿ޲ս֡
ʱ񶼣ȴΪ͹ȨֵøɿûĹܱ߹ص顣
ȡôһ׶ԵʤǾѾȲҪЩȵ棬ò˵ʵĿ
˵һ£Ǳ߻֪߹صΣѾ֪ѾõһƥսٳٲҲã֮ǰ˵ʲôȹǵĻƻΣΪ͸ԽϾǵ鷳
Щսɢķܿóͳʱƻȷ˹
Ŀ겻Ǳģ֮ǰҪȥ򣬵ȴϿȱǡּȻеڶΣƻʹűֱӴ˻ɽϿȣֻһϵʱ䣬㹥ǡ
һߣҲٳǣȻûô칥Ҳ˶žٳԮĿܡ
Ҳûţƻ·һ·湥ǣȥһ࣬ڶسǵԮƻ˳ǣϡ
˱سǣسǵĽʮֹأرϾطСҲͲ̫ı
ǲҹسҲơ
ԮյٳǣҲ󣬱޹¡
ִСɶѾΧôٶȽƣ춼Ľݱ񶼱جġ
 

ʮ 

¶ͲսģǴǱƵϢһҲûпӦԵķ
ʱעӲ˳飬з𣬡һƽʱ˵첻᲻Ľ飡ڴеǰôһ˵ˣǿһƻ
ǳ⣬ҲʮֵĲ˱㷴ʵ֪ʲôõ뷨𣿡
ŭʲô鶼룬Ҫǻʲôã
⻰ǸӵĲһܣھȻҰˡǵҪһʣҪʲôأ
ţīЦһȴ˵͸λڻǿЩһӦеĶԲߣΪս
Щʱīһֱ֮诣Ǳ壬ǶܸһЩ档
һÿɷ
ȴЦѵֻа״֪ȥᵢս𣿲֪ĻΪͰ״˳һأ
²ңֻǳѸλѣûб˼īϽ˵
Ȼ˶ЩҲûڼʼԲߡ
ȥҲû̫õİ취ȻˣǱɱ֪˭Ըһ𣿣
īվԸȻ粻ֲܿᣬٻΪıߡ
ǻǧټƵİѿıȨȻֺγֻܶȨζҪ
Ƕ෬Ȱ趼أʵûнȰ裬ֻ˼˵ǴЭȥȨġ
ȻǸҪ˵ȴīһֹˣҲֻò˵Ĭ˰š
ȵ˶ɢ֮ʰī㵱ʱΪҪֹѵҪȥ̲ɣ
īشǵ뷨ҲסѾòˣǲͬ⣬ǸɴƸۣȥ߹ء
ȥ˱߹أҲ˰ְţʱ򲻻ʲôʩչ˵
īʮֵĺͻ˵˵ĻȥսϵۣλҲδܻսʱ˵㣡
˵ѾǷǳֱףʲô׵ĵаһЦǲ˫
ޣֻǧأī˵һۣͬʱЦ
ҪϢҲܿ촫ӪС
ƻɵЦһûֱӿĹͷԼˡ
еĻаīһվŵƺ˵
һģ硣
ƻһۡ
޶ӡ󼫺ãϾѾȳģӦӳ񶼡
ЦƻҪʼʩһӦϣʱһٻѾ
˶Ļδÿɷ񣬴뿪ֶ֮ƺɫ㿴īֵֵΣ
Ҳ˵áʱӴóʮ㣬ȷʵܽСͽˣƺҲĹң˼ݣϣƺûʲô⡣ֻ¶ԴһֲõĸоΪʲôãȴ˵ƺ˵
ͷתͷƻʵ㿴أ
ƻҲʮֵأϾǰֶڸ׼ģȷīǰ׼ҵĸŵ³Σκ˶
ҲΪ̸֮ĸ֣ԩһ콫Ī˲ţҲʧһˡ
˼˵ȻֳһΪ죬ǲҲܷɾ裬һҪȷûб˼С
ҲͷʵҲôġǱ˼ϵǲʲôƻ
ǣƺ߳ȥˡ
˶һۣ˴жһЩȷ
ſģ˼Ȼ׼Ȼʲôģƻļ˵
ƻͷЦЦֻͷûرɡ
֮ƺ˺ܿͰīϵˣûκеĿľΪλϣþһ򾡡
֪˶Σֱӽһо·ͼԱʾԼġ
о·ͼ˵ǼʱꡣֹĶ򣬻ܸǵ·ͼ·
 

ʮ 

Ѿо·ͼҲ˿Ҵ⣬ǵ죬ȥȷȷʵǰ·ͼоſʼ·ͼ
ȱĿȷ·ͼϵյ㣬Ҳһܷü
֮ȥ·о˵ȵǹǾͲòȥһפȴûһҪһԭļƻͱƻˡ
µʱ䣬ǰռƻܿ͹ռλüõĳ쾳ǡ
·ֻǣʶ鲻ԣ쾳ֱ㳹ŭˣ̾ȷǳڹй©ǵо·ߡ
Щԭӳģûٷȥ죬ɵĵȻǾǰīˡ
ɰīѾ֪Լһᱻɣڵı׼
ͷöʱָǿפһӳǵĵطҲѹ߶дפҲرʱ໥Ӧγһϡ
˵ͼãƲʵǺãҪģ԰īĻһ¼ࡣ
ıأ˼һжûκε쳣
ڼ䣬һμɵУξĻɣץһ󣬾Ȼ찲ļϸ̱ȴΪ˵˾ˡ
Ȼڹ˭ȴѾȷˣҲûбҪȥɰī㰴֮ǰõģȥӳǡ
ȴǸУξȷʵ˲ȷʵʱôһϷΪľϴѰīϵĻɣȻ˵ȥӳǰˡ
ȻӳǣγɵһϣԵģ൱ڷСһϣǵ񶼵һˡ
ֹһµʱ䣬ѾʮһĩϷĶ쵽ĸܲǿңȴҲ˸оں֮С
ƻˣѾ˿û⵽ֿո˴ССĳѾƽӳǣʱŻ̻ȻӳǾȻ·
ȥҰīţȴѾʱ׹ԭһֱŪڹ֮䣡
ҲûôʱͷйѾٳ¡
ɫһ֮ơ
վڳǽ֮ϣϲƻˣɫͷոӵǵľսսˣҲûаʤ㣬Ӯˣǻ̾ڴ֮
һսǵľս
û³սﻹţܴս仹ӮЩռһˡ
սһƬ֮дˣʿжӣɾһײһ𣬺ɱ졣
ƻͰīվں󷽵սϣѾΧнɱ
īһ̲ס˵ƻ󷨹ȻѾΧҲʩչ
˾ˣҲи뷨ѣûо˾˸ĹҲôɱġƻЦ˵
Щʱյദһֱľľƻȷʵ԰īĹ۲٣Ҳ̲סľǰ׼ҵһ
רĿս֣Աʱ֮ʱͻȻһðǴսˣĿһƻ
˭ҲûϵôһУƻûзһʱۿҪԵȴһѣ嵲סļ
ƻ۾ŰԼڻİīֱ֧䴩ţͷļ򶼻ˡ
ղ뷨ûһ뷨ΪԼȴƫƫôˡ
˾ˣΪʲô˵жǼٵģƻٰĻɣȴΪҪ
īû书˵أվվסƻϽȥסٵڵϣ뿿սϡ
̫Ƕ̫ӶҪˣҲһ޹ؽҪˣֵֵã
ī˵ùˣҲ˷ʱ䣬ȥս֣̫ӺԽΣ֮С
ƻûûлش𣬶СĵĿ˿ڵλã΢΢һȻһ˷βǺ໹һξ롣
ͷ˳ֻҪͷμǺ׵ġֻҪٷϺֹѪټϺõҩӦò̫⡣
īȴΪԼˣֻͣĴߴƻȥִԼְ
ɿһƻôܼأҧҧ﻽սϵľƣȻҪ⿪ī·Ϊˡ
 

ʮ ճ

ƻİīȴһץס֣þȫҪ֪һôȫʿڲˣִҪңھҧԾ
˾ˣңľһƬãһܿĸ㴦˿ڣԲᵢսµģƻϽ˵
ǰīͲͬ⣬֪Լûоˣ˷ʱ䣬ȥ飬Ҫ̫׵ʧ
ҾôŻʧƻ֣Ҳٷȥ·ֱӽǰ·˺
īȰȻҪȥҧͷƻϽס򢣬ǿʵھǿֻһᣬˡ
ٵĸ˿ڣȻ̧Ӫȥþҽչˡ
Ȼһʼ̧ȥǸ״һ·ŻصӪУѪѾˡ
֮ûжãձͻȻưһĴ꣬ʿȴִɱʱоΧ֮£еͶ
޴Ŵʤ׷ֱײӳǵĴţؾڽ֮УִսһʱŽӳǳ׹
ѱȫǶûзټȻѾˣ
ƻǣ֪Ϣֱ֮һֻӣȻˣ
СȡĴƬĵѪֱüͷ϶ӻˣʱץɱ˱ǣܲӵȥαôأ
֮ŨŨ飬ֻԼ۾ЩʹĿɬʮֵʹ̵࣬ͷ˵ĩȥսȸˡ
ͷȥҵĲ˼
ʲôأƻɻʵ
ͷһۣ˿ڣһ˵ôٶۣȷʵһ£
ʲôƻȴ޸֪˵ʲô
ֻҡҡͷûн͡
ƻҲû⣬˵˰īȵ飬ǿˣֱ˼ôԼҪҡ֮Ҹˣ»ᵢս£ȻҪҧԾ
Ѿ֪ˣղžȥӽкúõȷʵ׼˲ͬȻ㣬Ҳúƴġ˵
ƻͷҲʲô֮ص춼֮󣬻Ҳһ
˵Ǿ񶼣Ǵ˵оӹΰ㣬ȥ۹ͣҲЦ˵ȥ֮ܽӹܰ׼ң԰׼˵ҲǺ£ҲͶһе˻ҷʲô
ƻûôֻ࣬Ǿһ˲ţʧȥ
֮ƻȥ˽ӹİīӪ;Ҳ꣬Ȼļʱ˿ڻǱˮݣѾлŧļҲǸղˣڻ֮С
ֱʮֵΣƻ̸´˿ڣΪһЩ½İȻµľҩ֮ҲΪֻܿԼĻָ״ˡ
֮һЩ˿ҲûڳĻŧҲ˹
ûΣգƻҲһôһ⣬һҲʧˡϾûɵΪϷĻڹŹתһȦ
ʮ죬ʮѮʱ򣬴ٴοΣһ񶼹ȥ
һѮѾ񶼳⣬˭Ҳû뵽ǣѾ˿ճһûб°ߵƽ֮⣬еıĹ壬ЩҵˣҲѾˡ
һǰߵĶ̫󣬾˰գֱӰˡ
Ǿߵʱ䲢ްˣƻ̴ȥ׷׷ʮأץ˽һı塣
ֻΪǸŲ¸󣬴Ķ̫࣬ôʲôץˡ
ЩģȻĶ࣬ǱϾûдˣֿҲץˡ
׷ȥʮأеıȫȻҲи翹նɱġ
ôˣȴûзټһʱ֪ʲô׷
һĪչ֮ʱͻȻ˵һӱ߷һŮʬ
ƻһҲЩԾǰȥ쿴㷢־Ȼǰ׷ʬ塣
ֲɼǰһܹ򣬶ƻ쿴ǾȻѾУΪۿɼĸѾ¡𣬿Ѿĸˡ
˵ʳӣ޶磬ȻԼĺҲµȥ֣ƻҧгݵ˵
ҲЩ˼Ҳû뵽ѾɥĲֵز
 

ʮ 鳾

Ű׷ʬ壬Ȼñƻеûжٿ⡣
Ѿף׷ǰ׼ҵһӣдҲ˰Ūˡ
ȴҲͻȻˣǰĶԹѾͲǿ󣬿ǿյĳ˲ʬ屻ڻĽҰ⣬лʳ׵Ĺһš
ʣµı֮һˣ
׷ʬ壬ҲΪ׷ҵ˷˳ȥȻۣǻҵټ
ƻˣǲۿͲܰĵˣ׷Ѱһ£һƫԶĵطҵ
ҽǣԶֻڻĽҰ⣬߻ǧţһƼݣήңûкһս֮
ɲô룬ˣɱͲʣһҪƵļơ
ƻϣЦҿ㻹ǷֿЩϺзͲҴģ
붼룬ˣҲҪһ˸ҵ汳˻ô׷ģǲ˱ң
ģǱīıѴ̼Ĳᡣ
ƻ䣬ǰ׷ʬָ·㲻ˣȻһеŮ´˶֣
һľ˾˼ȻұѱȻο˭֪˭Ұ֣
㣬ֱ޳ܣƻ
סαظ˷ϻֱɱ˾ǣ
һ֣ǧȥȺбͲǵĶ֣ñ㱻ɱöס
ƲԣҪӡ
ƻôٸᣬֱóĺıһ
ǻȻһӣֱļ򣬵Ǽһᣬֱӵ
ƻ̳ȥΧס
ʱڸܵвģѾһˣҲûвǷ˰ɣ
㣿ƻЦҿ֢ԽԽˣ
ϻֱקһµǰһߣֱӽߵڵء
ֿ㣬һŲϥϣֻϥǹӦ飡
һ費Ҫ̫
ЦһٴսһϥǹǣֻܰҪܣҾͷ㣡
ĺ޼ǿ̹ĵģȻҲΪһֱʣѾһɱŰֻ޲̤
ƻܿͲĲԾǰۿŶɱԼǺ޼
ó˹ڵϷһ
תͷһۣ³һѪڵϱûϢ
ôȻǱ裬ʲô
ϽһסлżѪ裬Ѿˣ侲һ㣡
תͷв¶ȣס֣Ҳûнʲôֻ˵ǻؼҰɣ
ƻָЦŵͷؼң
³ڰʦسٴͳһ
ڴ·̵춼ʱ򣬹ͻȻϢ˵̲ˡ
辪֮࣬˿ĵ飬̴ƻͣȥ
ڵ˻ʹʱֻʣһ
첽ߵĴǰĽһʡ
Ѿȫ۾һ˫۾ҲѾʧ˽Ѿˣ˿̫ӻˣ
ǣʶˡ˵꣬ס֡
ԵЩֲסĲţͺãͺã޻ټһ棬ܲھô¹µˣ
ʣģһģϽ˵
̺һ˸ǰҲ˼֣ʲʲô㶼ҪԭңΪʶΪã
ʡüͷʣּе˵
ҪΥҵĵּ⣬ӦңҵگӦңִ˵
ǻعⷵգ϶ǲˣһԹŵĴ󳼺ȫȰʹӦ˱°ɣ
оЩԣԴĸףջǵͷãӦʣ
̺ʮֵο˵ͷ˻ȥ߶ţеĺӵУϲʵ㣬ļ̫ãĸƷҲߣĴϻۡɶתתȴֻ㣬ҲҪˣ
˵ʲôȴԽԽСҲû
վԱ߲˲ᣬЩʵĺһϼݱˣ
軹̵֣һʱЩãȻߵʱ򻹿ˣôͱ⸱ģ׵õʲô
 

ʮ ж

ϼݱɥգڳڵ⣬ΪȻһһҹ
̫ȻλǰȺ棬گ
̫ϸһƬ֮Уλ̶
λƻ鲻ö˵ѸٰһǣҪᡣ
׹Ϊʲô֮ǰһҪگԭԭ
ȻܿѳᣬҲ˲飬Ͻȥ޹
δߵڣļūţǾȻԱ̫֪ˣһǵĹƤ
Ͻ˽ȥֻҵĹſڵϣԱּ̫ɢŰ籺;Ʊ
һ֪ЩǱԾġ
ס֣첽˽ȥӵϷ
̽ץס䣬ҺʶˣȺūҪҰҲŲҪǸѳᣬȾĸ
ſڻû˵ʲôͻȻӿһΧ
ܵɫԽӵ⵽ô£Ҫ췴𣿡
ͳվ˳蹪̫ӵµˣֻǷ˻һҪ֤گԣᣡֻҪػϵگȻҲù·ִӣҹҪҵȲˣ
ҲҪҲҪﰡ㲻ȥᰡץĸ첲Ъ˹Ĵ󺰵
豻иӷ꣬ͳ죬һ˫۾ܴܸʳţ߱ΪʲôһҪĸ
ͳɵͷͲµ»һʣҲ΢ߵ࣬õԼᡣ
ҪҪҪңҪɱҰ裬Ҿȳȥȳȥ̻ſֵĴеֵ޶ˡ
迴ģ̾ͲµһʲôŻøʺǣʹ˵
ͳֹһ˵صҲ֣ΪλϵĲ㼱ӷ첻ʮ죬̫ҽҩһֱţųŵ˵»
˵ˣ˵ȥҪֹ
ȴһסͳ˵˵ô£
ͳ˵Ϊϲǵ˲Ƕⶾ෽Ų飬֤ʵΪѾڻʳͶһˣΪ˵ҪԼɱ֣㰴಻ס˶ҩļû̶
ģңЩûһ仰ģһԴ󺰴У㻹ұ죬Ȼ˺죡
迴ģֻñʲô뵽ˣû뵽Ȼı̵ԼҵѾɥĲֵز𣿣
ͳ˵ǲţ΢л֤ݣߵʹһɫóһ
ͳǰչָĶ˵ǴѳĶҩһɫζԲǿѱֵĶҩŷŮѵһ̫ҽ飬Ҳȷʵеĵֶ
䣬һŮ˽ͳָ˵⹬Ůץʱ򣬲һ˹뿪ģҲе⹬Ůץ֮󣬰һжˣ˵ָʹ¶·ʱ뿪
ŮĥѾΣֻһڣΪ֤С
֤֤ڣ輸Щվסһվȣʵĸ㻹ʲôҪ˵
ʧͱʹ֪ˣԼҲ˵û˰ɿ֣ϵıҲ˲ģҾҪɱǰ뱲ӣڿҿңΪ󹬣ôĶӣأȫƭҵģǼٵģٳҲǼٵģҺͺ޲֮ҵĶӶѾ̫ˣΪʲôҪռŻλãĻǵĴѹԼңҪɱңҾҪ
˱۾ͷһѣΣôΪԼѾı˺ܶ࣬ȴû뵽龹һ
ĸ㵱ûΪ𣿡̲סͨ
ȴ͵ؿҲ˺⣬޵ľ㣡ͲҵĶӣһծҪҵģ̵Ŀնʹ֮УΪֵأҪȢһŮ˵ȻҶԼҶܲʣǱ裡ҲҲ
˻ţ߳Ĳӣ貢δ㣬ֻǿʹģһɷףҲЩ׹
 

ʮ 

ĲӣﻹںţΪ㣬㣬ҲߵһҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
⺧˵Ļۿǰޱӵĸףѵ
ǸϽϽסûеأűŵҪĸ𣿡
Ъ˹Ĵ
ܲסӿǰĸ׼Ȼ˵ӸǶӾǸȷʵãø࣬ö㲻ܲʣһ
ͳϽ˵£Ѿ־壬ֻŰһֱݱԴ±տڲᣬΪľ氡ɲܹ˻ϵһƬģ
Ļţֻǿױĸϥ߳ĸ׵Ľ̻塣ĸ׽Ҵ˴£֪塣ĸңǸģĸľöӸǱ˽˶ӵĸӼ֣
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ĸǣŶ֣Ӱȴ쳣֣һմأסƻ֣ǰߣĸ̽·
 

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ôô嶯㲻Ļ֮˵ļƣƻʧűôһ䣡
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ƻȻÿУ֪ôлЩ
Ϸ˵ôЩǵʵ
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ĸһ
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Ϸ˿ݵ֣ס֣۾Ĵңأ
 

ʮ 

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ָ⣬Ǽ裬׼йأҲֻͨҪ˱ɡīЩҲ˽⣬ǽΪɣϣҲ˵壬ӦӦû
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ʮ ƹ

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īɫһʺɾɲˣ֣گ飬һǴλλＺگ
گ涼ıʼֻҪһǣҲ
ΣǾԲ콻ģƻŭ
īĿҸʱ俼ǣ㵽ҪҪĶӣ˵뿪ˡ
 

ʮ 

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òʱȴɵ¡
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ıͬΪõĽȴ࣬ΪӾңӲġ
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ӡĻҪ˵ȴϡ
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ѾǰīޣƻҲ˲ģǰȴҲ·ߡ
Ͷ·֮ʱѾ޸򱱺ɣͻȻ춼ؾֱӹ񶼣ֱӳʹ
ƻųΧ߽ɣʮֵĳԾ
ô᣿
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лƻĵл
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ƷԼãҲʮ޶˳ɻɪ򱱺ȥ๫ϮλҲһԾΪ˺ˡ
ãһʹƻ
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Ȱƻ룬ԳܻƣƻɲԸҪҵӰ
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Ϊӳ춼֣Ҳ͵С
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Ȼ࣬ȴ޷ֹĶֱӽӰ¡
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ƻ̱޵ĻУ˶һۣһ氲˵ɽѰӰһƻӪء
 

ʮ 

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