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ʱ˲òĿˮÿӾҪ¥·
Ϊ֪ԼԽһİ¹ֳС˵ݣϾҪ׽ˣ
Ҫǰվ飬׽ֳ̬Ľ۶˫ȣˡ
ѽúõĻأ

һ仰飺ֱֶŮƭճ 
⣺ѣɹ

ݱǩ  Խʱ 
ؼ֣ǣֳ  ǣ   
==================

 1 

һ
׻սҡ,ܽůȴ
ʯĳӵס棬γһСС磬͸ŪԽ
˵ǰĹŴʮֳڣīһ˫Ưһ˵ķ飬űѹڽ棬ţһֳẈ̂һֻǽ⿪½¶ôһ㣬ö
ֻÿڸĿڿһҲûܽӴ
ֳźˣլλãҪǼڳԱߣ̲ͨš
ֱӵˡ
ֳ
ΣǴԽˣǴһİ¹⣡ֳϸС¹һʪƴСʱģ֮ʱⱾʱ²۹ôǰƴ
ֳȻǸݣıߣĳˣӽ򫣬к;мλǣ塣
ǰλ骣ֳϲļ֮һΪӣǺĺƵӽ򫲻ͬǸ˵ӣһƤң˵عѵĲٹˡ

ֳһקס骵ķޣҪƯĿĲԼߵĿˮ˵ϾҪˣ
ȻɫһӾͱˣ˭֪ǵľӽ򫣬С߹һѨʱűҵȳųʱ˵Ȼϸչˣأľ˰ĸˮ
ʮʱִͷˣûȻʵҲû˵𷣽򫣬֮ĸƷף˵޷
Դ˶ˣʵΪֶ׶
ǵʥϰܣĸֶ̫ŮͺܹأҪ˵ΪСʱһξϧ۰ΪھԽ䱦ϻʵ۵ݣ˼ֱǾеİ˸ǡ
ӶҴˣһССʲôο˽ϲֳ
һû취
һ˲䣬骵Ķͷðϸܵĺ˵ô죿ŵĶûüֳôô϶׽飡
кû
طھıԺ뷨ºֳܽǽȥȻĻᡣ
骵ͷ⣬˵У
ߣȴͻȻԺĸС˭طҴǳıӵ˲ɣ
ֻǺִܿĿİͰ͵үôˣ
ָź˵ȥǡ
ֳҲϻȹھҪ˺ŶȥַŷŰϣ⴫ŲȻֵܴϸţү˵ˣһֻӶܷųȥ
ԣǱΧסˡ
ŵʱֳȻ˼ţȻǺʶ֮ˣ׽Ҳ׽ô˼ܡ
⴫صֳǣȻЩ飬Ҫǽн򫷢֣̬رĺᱻĥģ
ֳûϧֻúûȥ
ԽԽأͼүôҲլǶүСʱ򻹸һˣҪǼǡǣ˵ЦɣıСô϶ˣ
Ϣͽдżϣϣܴͷ
ֳ骲֪ͬıԣɲƾʹӼ仰ʹͷˣֻǻڣȴûκʺϲĵط¹ʹ¶̫Կ϶ᱻѳΨֳűǵСԴȥ
鷢ҽ޵ү飬Сȷ˲Ҫ֣˵ʵǶүڸٹһء
ֳҲˣȻʲôٹʱҲ˲˵ʲôǶ¥ִ΢漰ңֻҪСһЩΣȥ˴׼˩
ǺĴһ¶ڴµ
һü۶Ƿ긾ˣſڴºֳߡһİһϢֳ֮ҵ˱˵ļ䣬̲ס˵ٹ
ٹʮȴȻõһʯӣ˽ȥԽԳζʮ㡣
ֹٹȵ˵㻹ǰѴϰɣҪǽ֮鴫ȥԺҲûھˡ
ٹ̫̫̫ڹпһʵۻǻӵʱûٱ̫°ӣٲȻΪʼãȴѶգλΡ
֮ɫܿͷӦ˹˵㿴ҪҲ¹ڣȥ
ֳϾҡͷ˵㵱ʲôˣѰ׷Ź϶һһѣ
ô죿
ܴܲȥֳߵ˱ǵĴ΢΢һ϶ϣҲˡ
͸֪ĴңǰΧסˣôαߵĴ
ֳȻɫϾˣⱱǵСҲˣѵѵ죬öôһ㡣
ɫһףµ˵ţ漴ԹֳҪ˵㹴ȣ
˵ȷʵǰֳǰҲ̫ݰ˰ɣ
ÿ֬ˮۣ¥µΣһ仰͸ˣһ뼸ǧӣС춼û׹˵ҿǿرһôһ·ǣ
ֳȻ骵Ļֿζ
˵ֳҲԼС̵ģȻķ˶飬ŮӶ޹ȥలü̾ˣô֣ܲᶯҡӵĵλ
Ϊ⣬ǲܼεĴӣྩйŮӶԸ룬ֳҵ˻ᣬֻҪ˵ǣߣҲȥޡ
ֳΪı̥ѡ
ڽ򫡭ֳҲǽȻϲֳСиŵԵδޣǱе˹Ӣֶôֵĳˡ
װԽԽˣֳ˵ӣҪɫ¡
ᱡľھסײƿˡ
ӳյġ
ֳվĽ򫣬ţȻڵòӢεĽ𺳵òͦεˣְڵϢһӾͰ˶ѹĴ
ģ׵̶޷̽κ
һѾˣʺѪҺʬԲϵӿȾʯ·´۵Ľ˵
վʮǻʵմ͵Ĺ˶Խ򫲻ݵĺܡ
ֳԼȻڷ˲˵֮ǰŽ飬̶ʱѾˡ
ֳĿһУûԼӾȻתô죬̧־˦һ⣬֮ݣ骵۵Ľֳ
ӣͶ˵ҪлϲҪȥףȴҪ˽ᣬҪơֳ˵ԼĴȣִˣԭȻ޾ܿ޳ģ޵ʮֽϧ磬ҿˣҪѽ
ֳ°ͣ۾ڳ۾ǽ˿־ŭ⡣
ֳҪʲôȻǴϣȻ»ƣ»һˣҲҿһˣҲֳѵĽڣϾ˭һĻĲǣ   
лҪ˵Ůе

 2 

ڶ
ڼ϶ԭȻи磬һزˣԭֳǸĻΪ׽Уǵĺ磬˺үͬƺģֻͽ򫡣
·˲ٹͻȲ裬ǿڿʣЪžˣӵլӣ棬գٹŲѽͣԭ˽飬ֻΪ˱˶Ŀһͬǰ
ֳ°ͶˣǱŰŭ⼸Ҫ۾ʲôʱʶĲٹ
ֳۿˣֿ־壬ֿݣо°ͶҪˡ
ֳë˳Ũܣһ˫۾ʪģƽʱͿҪ˵ֿʱ۽Ǻ飬ü壬ӷֱ˱š
ҲûжഥɼһĲᡣ
ֳϰµģҲ֪ЩãҲ֪ҪӲͷƤȥȻһھ͵ˣеԭһ
һ뵽Ҫ۶˫ȡȻĥ˾û顣
ʱŸԼĸ飬ȴվںӱҪĸ̬ɲһѰĺӣ
ֻĿԼʮĸˮУŶ
ýɱĵԭֻΪУϲýȥ
⻹ֻһ仰¶ýɱˣҪý֪ԼñǺ
ֳñϾ飬ϵ۵ӽǣܰд㵽ʵϽĥֶοܸɲ̼ǵãһдŮӢ֮⵱дһݣֳĵط
˵ֳȶˣҲѾˣڶôɲûдֻ˵ŵŮӢֱιȥ
뵽ֳȥˣȥס򫣬Ƕҵýֻܷſ°͵֡
˵ƽԭֳڼǸֵŮӣȻò˽򫣬Ůһ˵Ҳһξ롣
ֳȻǶôĸ߽֪࣬˵ԣԼԽ㣬Խܼ֮ġ
⻹ֳһαס򫣬ӽӲֳ˵ΪǲͬģЩһƲңǳáѵҳ΢ͲӦʶ£ǲ𣿡
ŮӽڻǻģȻſߣǸίϲŲҡɫԲҡҡλεģŵġ
ĬֳֽȻǱŭɢһЩѾûиղŵĽˣźģ涼Ǻˮ 
骵ȻֳͲٹ˽飬ܶȥҪý֪ԼֳǾͺͽ˳ˣ׻˵ɱ֮𣬶֮ޣȻڽʲôǣ˵ͻɱ
ֳýס񣬰һڹ˵֣²ܣҸֹⲻǡ
ٹҲʶʱģطͼˣԲȥˣҲͽˣҪý򫷢ֵȥҲˡ
ʵϲĸ̫Ʋھдѣǹʵû취ͽȣعʮҲʵּļޣഺ¾֪
Ͼٹײ˽ѾѿˣȻ˵ʲôӱܿ˵ߣҲĬˡ
б骣˵骣亰ӵ֣
骵Ǹģ⻰Ҳ˵ңǲ˵үУʼʵ۵ѪҪϿǸʼʵ۵ȷģô˵Ҳˡ
ֱֳĿɿڴ˲ǸĴܲûûƤ˼ҶڵˣӭѶϵƨ
ȴǸĳģȻַУ˵ˣԼֻ첲׶֣
չ粻ãһ쵱õʱ򣬴յڽϣӳӢֻڣְϢ˴ĸо˵⣬̵Ļȴ˵ĺѰ
骶ͷʱð¿ˮ˵үЦſѪĿ⣬һӾס죬
򫣬㲻Ҫ̫һֱܿĲٹ̲סһᣬһֻ۱һֻ۾͹ȥ飬ΪʲôҪ˱Ͼ·
ٹҪΪ˵飿Ҫ۶ֱֻۣ¾ȥΣ
ٹµˣ˵򫣬ң
˵ҸҲңվԺֳղͶͱƣһֻһֻѹ彣ϣĿ
ֳɬһ仰˵ֽűĶģĿ־Ϊ֪ⲻǽ骺Ͳٹͬھ
򫲢ȫ˵ǣȻҲԼ˵ˣԸٸһλᣬ⵱ȻΪôֳΪ骺ֳĻᣬȻŲٹ鳬Եʡ
ֻǱϾû취ȫժȥǰһоǶĴãƳͷ骣ʵڴֳ
ڸ˶к³
ֳס־壬ȭͷյĽģ˵磬ڣҴСĽ㣬ֻԼ΢û취ңԺ飬ĸǴ֮Ů²ż汸Բλ࣬ûһ룬ֻ˽ϣճɾ
ֳԼƽһЩΪ־Ұ׵ݣ͸¶Ĳͺ¡
˳Ľë΢΢ƴС
򫿴ֳȻҪ򶨣ǺµĻ˵̬Ŀ˳
磬ͷŹӰɡ
ֳѾѪ˵˰죬ҲɿڣֻÿڸģΪ̫ţҪʹȥոմԽ֮Ǵ󱯴ϲʵּ̫̼ԭΪ˱ģÿճԵ٣Ūվˡ
ڽ첲֧ˤ
һֳһ˵磬ԭӣȫʴȣŵڸֿڷԣҪ֪Ϊǣһ뵽ʧ絶ʡ
˵ֳΪʲôҪ˵飬ʵҲΪԼֳһֱŸ߽ҪĿ骶˸첲ǲԣýɡ
һǲǵһӡ
ֻҪֵŮӢС˵ڣðл˽򫣬ʱҲѵʱ
ֳҪʱ򣬽˵ֻһΣ²Ϊ
ֳòУӵסʵʶķӦ˵磬εºܣⱲ㡣
һĵĸм
ֳĿ͸۾ģˣͣڱİСָ֣ͷаָۣԲѹɫϣֻúЩɬ
лҪ˵ĺܱ̬

 3 


Žߺһ紵ŸоѶ亹ʪˣٹͳӣ˵ɡ
˶ֽٺĸо
ŮֻͼԼʹ죬ȴûùģٹҲ㣬˸ȡѣû뵽ղʱ򣬲ٹվ
һ뵽ЩͳŲЦĺڶͷϣ·ʪˣӦǱŶԣһṴЦ٬ķ࣬ʮˡ
ٹǰպ޵˵͸˵ˣҪֹԺеĿԣȴţһ˫ֱ۲ûˣȻЦĳ
ȴǰǣ֣˵ŶŹˣβɴһ
ٹһ죬Ŀ骵֣˵ʱ㻹Ǽ£
ȥٹ֣˵ʲô˵ǾһԣǸģֹͦﻰģһｵһ˭Ҳ˵׼
ʵϸֳĻٳǽȻ˵ˣֻ˵ڽֳвٷ
ٹԩҡȴǱڣٹȴûз˻ʱ֪Ӿžһ֮Ҫ϶ͷ̨Ҳץʱһ
ֻǵױŵˣٹȥ֮һųţ骣֮ȴǲȥǹŮˡ
ֳŽһͬԴֳŽʼûзſôһֱ
ղ鼱Ѿˣȴ㣬ִû̸ֳܾȡ
ǰڽ򫱩ŭӣȴҲӣ¶ϸĺ磬ҪǱƼʵЩףҲΪ˶磬ǷҲԸ⡣ֳԼ⻰׵ˣаֳô彪ģҲȻãһԼһֲò˵ߵĵͷʵ½򫿴Լ۾ǶȴǳصүҲ˵٬Ρ
ֳ˵ҪѿֳߣҲһ˵ĸͷȽϷС裬Ϊ߸ĺ㣬һװˣڹŴǺȺˡ
źȵ߲ʵֳֻļ
ۿֳСѹԼϣֱӰק˻ֳһĲûˤ
ֳ
Ϊ̫˵ʱϢֱӴϣǲã°ͣǾ۵ᣬ˭骻ֻǱˣ
ֳһ֪һеΣûȥתһ룬Լĸղŵʵ̫ģˣһϸ飬ܶණᱩ¶
ͬŹֻԸٸһᡣ
Ǹ۵ģʧȥ˽Σǰֳ˵ʲô򫶼ţڣֻҪ΢񣬽ͻղŵѾ˻ɵӡ
ֳ֪ҪѶѪ޸´ĲΣҪûѡֻŮӢֵ֣Ĵħͷ
֮ǰֻ踺ء
򫿴ֳԹԵԼĻ˳Сèеָ´ΪЩ־壬С΢΢ĲƽŰŭ⡣
ֳһ·Աߴ㣬һֳĸޣǱֳģȻǾˣֳȻأǶ㲻ЩߵˣԼĪֳ֪о
һˣֻһ۱һֻۣ˭֪ýײˣղֳŮСұȥԱߵӣ֮û
ŭĴʹԼȥԱլ
һֱսսĵţ˭֪ʱ˾ȻܣͷţѵԲȥˣ 
ֻǶڸл췹Եģ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲôʱ򲻸˵ֻû˵үҪ̻ظ𣿡ڲĻ
ֳܺϻΪԼϺЩԨԴҵһ
ٺԽû䣬ȴԽԽˮǴߣ̫һǰδеĶ壬Խû취ȡ
ֳĸĸʵʱ򣬼صУȴǸĻģǻȥ˹ϷĲҵϾûж̳Уҵᱻ峤ջأӲǺƤͶ
׵ʱֳĸ׺ݷùҲһ֮Եֳãʱѵʱ򣬳زۣӽ򫱻ȥһֱѰֳһӹ㣬Ľ򫣬ҪǺ֣᲻ʩһ뷹£һʱ
ײݣŲܺȣֻһŮţӡǣѰ⾩ǵؽҲš
ҲֳĻᡣ
ֳͲСҲˣСֳĸŮֳ֪е顣
Сɢˣô
ԭĸߴ󣬼ҲѰҪһЩֳŲƣѹָС
ֻҪһ仰顣
˵ǲǴɫȼ׵Ů
ʵŹ⣬ݣΪԽԵɲ˵İϢ
ûֳ˵
ֳͻȻˣСҿѾˣ򫵽֪˶٣һ뵽һ㣬ֳ;ûȺˡ
ֳµɫҰףӶˣģĿ˳˵ȥƣ
סֳСССΪˣҪ˵΢΢ĳëһһŵĿġ
ֳΥ棬ŽȥӣֳϣСѾˣڵϣΪЩʱˣϵѪڣɫķ˿ı飬ȻǲԸԼôȥɴ۾Ĳš
ֻԩ˻۾СҾǡ
ֳǸִģƽ˵ĳҲɱ֮ǰ֧ţȴѾﵽ˶㡣

ֳڱˣ̲סȻ֪ףҲֻ֪ܼͬȥ
˵ĻȻů
ֳ޵ĿɲҼģǽ򫷢֣ǽСӲģ§ĲҲ޲ùϣֱʱŪڸģ쳣ܡ
ߣأ
صϣֳһ·ϣĵģ򫵹ҲģȻһ·û֣쵽ȥ򫣬;˼ֱǸħ
ʵʲô֪ˣ
ʣҪǴһ㣬ˡ
ԵֹһͬԳֲûб¶һ֣˵үأףôСһģǿˣ  
лҪ˵ɣŮ ٺٺ

 4 


ֳ϶Ҫ밲ģϲֳͽߵýֳǷ֮
ֳȻ֪һ㣬ҲȥӦ꣬ʵһ·̫̼ǰǳŲס¶ױ˵֣ԭǸ밲ֻǽлү˵Ͳȥ߶ˡ
ֺ⣬ȻֳΪʲôˣҲûϸʣϾڵҪүҵĺܼͷ˵СǺúӣһֱ֪ȥɡ
ֳ׼ˣֻת;âڱֱŵĲУڻ̲סͷԶԶģʯ·һͷ򫳤
Ŀ˴춼ֳֺּǾʧĻعͷӿ˽Ųߡ 
ܴ̫谮СӣּȢԼֶŮϼףȻǸΪ˼Ƿʮʱ䣬ͳԼһ˽⣬Ǿռ
һ·ϣСˮ滨ݣ£ֳЩģֻϽȥ˯Ϣ¡
Ȼܴ󣬵ȴ˶ǳ⻹̣ϣϣϣΪѣزˣӽߣһһĴ˳Ů䡣
λзΪܳ裬ӽǫ
ֳǸĻģСԽչмӣܵ˵ǳ˹ѡ
ΪԵʣŮǿأʲô鶼ΪһֱԽ̵е̫½Щ
ֳصԺӲȴһӦȫõķǳ¾ɣԺһЩԱһССǧ
ѼܣǴҶï滹źУӭչʮۣʯʯΣϷ̣һӦʯҲ棬Ҳֳõĵط
źֳ˲࣬һĸŮӣһĸĸǮΪؼ⣬Ҫ¸²ܻ
ֳûǮӶָĲҵ࣬ǹһŮˣҪҪǰңԵԼϧ֮
ֳּæǰӭʵǻˡȻֳˮϴ
ֳźϴϴ֣Ϊԭźϰ˵ԭ򣬵ҲûвڣҪֳ䣬ûӦˣ
ʰ׵ֳָһȲ裬ȻʵСҽأ
СֳѾߣжʮˣֳСʱչֳһֱûˣǸϼģȻҲҪĸȻҲСҸˡ
ߵŮˣֳҲҪ˵µģΪɱ˵ǽ򫣬¾˵ˣҪǰ̵ӣ˵ᵱҪЮֻܴѪ̡
ֵĻֳһʶĻʵǼѣһ̣ᷢҲɱˡ
ֳ˵ĪҪˣȥɡ
һɻ˳ȥߺֳ˴ױ̨ϣиװεĺӣרŷŵĵط
ֳ˲Կף˺ӣĸÿطţó骣ɼĳ𩣬סҶŵռ֮ӣСʱͦãշתϵˣںԺ飬иҾ˾Խ
ֳͦԭģȻˣҲб£ֻЩž͸ɽһģ˸̿һ͸ˡ
־ýֳЩ֣˵ȺͿЩž֪ԼĪǳˣѵ鱻˷ˣ
ֵ֪ǹĺĵĲãǾǹԼ˵ǰ㣬һŮˣһЩֶΣܹ˵˵ֳֳߣЩŴ󻧹ѫ֮ǣιľ磬Ҳ۵ĲС 
ǵģСңҲ֪ˡ
ֳҪЩ¶ߵˣֻһֱĺأҲû˷֡
Щֳ˿־˴ıϣյĶůӴͶֻ뵽ֶΣȻ﷢ʱ䣬Ҳֻ꣬Ҫֵ꣬ҲͽˣŽſģ˼˯⡣
***
ϣüĿŨʮȻɫݣͶ֮ǷǣЩƣüģ˵ү𣿡
һԵѾ˵𼱣˵ȥˣһ͵ˡ
ŴڣԺĶž黨ˣɫŨ飬̼ǵһ궪˽ʱҲʱ򣬵ʱֱ˹ȥϴ棬Ҫҵӵͷ֧û취һתۺѾʮˡ
ʱɹ졣
һ뵽Ҫ̸̲ס¶һ˿οЦ
ʱſڴŲѾߺүˡ
ƿӣǽ򫣬ɫ䵭ģѹͺѹ֣Ͼ˸ղɵɫ
˵ĸס
Ҷ
Ѿ߹裬ܺУ涼ǽƽʱԵģӱʵȣѾȥһЩճ顣
ʮͽ˽һֱڻʹѾǱʵγɽϽھĽˡ
˵˻ԵĻ˵𽪳Ļ˵СͶĻ£ֻμҹСһֱϵڣιͼˣȸ˵һ͸顣
ӢǾĵմŮĲŮһʶ֣ʫҲòǵ²ż汸ˡ
һ˫ûνȻòŻڣӳȣֹ˾ָ̫ӣ̫Ǻͽ򫶩ס
Ȼʮµġ
Ȼں˵ȫƾĸ
˻£֮ͳĬȻ۰ӵģǲ֪κͽദԴӽ˳ϣ֮ͺ˿ĸĤ
ʱ˽֪ղֳΪʲôǿ޹ˣԭߵŮСˡ
˼䡣
ɫͱ÷ǳѿֲҶŽ򫷢˰ŵҶ⼸վҪˣΪԵ˶رҪƣɼѪˡ
򫵭˵ɱ˾ɱˣô¶
ʱ˵ˣַĲ£Ϊ߹ĴΣֲֻҪ̫񣬵ҲţЩϵԽԽأɱҲԽԽֻȢϱˡ
ϱģѧòǶõģ϶˩סӵġ
ôһ룬־̹˼֣Žߺֳָ˶ǰˡ
ֳյӣ֪Ѿ֪ˣ̾һת־͸֣Լּһ͵СҵļС
ֳ֮һֱŲʣ˵˾ţȻʲô£ҽֳ
ֳĲˣԭΪ˱ĳԵú٣ʺܲּ˲ٴ̼ղģԲ·
ҽ֮²ķӣֳ߰˼Ҳĺ
ֳһһ£ûֳǹģ㿪򫣬ԸίߣܱܿһվһգֻҪϵ׾ˡ
һϣֳ˯ͿһĴϣĿĶ                        
лҪ˵

 5 


ҹɫڳģΨдǳǳ¹Ͷڣӳ˵ӣӢͦüۣʹһ˫ǽ˵⣬Ȼÿ᲻ƿߡ
ֳһӡ磡ֳ뺰үϾʶ˵̶ܳȣҪǡ
ֳ࣬ƽʱžΪ˯ѣһ˿ƣȴǽֹƻɳơ
Ŀⰵ˰ȥסֳ°ͣ¹ӳܾСһֵ̬رҪȥ
ҽԺǰĹϹ˺ô
ûһϧֳۿˣӿˮڳĽëϣϧֻϧڽȴԽļŰġ
ֳֽĿԽԽһ̾ͳһ̲סһ̬ѽ
磬Ҳˡ
ֳԭͽԼᶼԽΪ׼ÿֻҪѺڹϣҪ˼ˡ
ʵ˰ĺܣȻԭֳͶϣȴĲ࣬ʱҲǵ㵽ΪֹʮֵĿ
ϴαץ֮˵ദģʽһӾͱˣ°ͣ뷿Ҵˣ
ƫƫֳˣû취֮ǰԭߣŮҪѽС֮ǰ˵˶ٵ飿ʵ޷֪֮ǰֻܷн򫡣
⻰һ٣˵㲡ˣ
ֳЩί˵磬֪
ֳ˯ѹԴŴİߣһëһӵĽĲУȴҲйķʽֻԽֳգʹֳԽüͷ,ĲС
ȥֳɫô֮ǰҪˣһЩǰҼСҲ󣬾ཱུġ
ˣ
ֳȻúܴŴҽҩ͸ε߰˰ˣθڴ󿪣ر죬˲١
ƫƫĳӾȻϱȶᣬŴĳۣСɵȣִĵ裬صİ棬·ܲɣԽԽͣ
Ų΢ĶӺգֳ֪ԭΪʲôôʳԭǸֵʣ
ƭӣſֳ°͵֣ȥգ൯ʮ㣬û˵˵ģ
ֱֳᣬҪǽ򫲻°ͣգΪСϰ䣬б룬ִʵ̫ˣȥָˣû취ˣſ϶ΪûȥŭҪôֲ
죬μ棬ȥס˽򫣬ƺŸı⣿
ǽĿޱģйɽ˱ܶԶ֮ãģԼסɣ
Ҳûİ취ˣֳҧģܲ˵ľͿȥס˽˵ˣۣҴ˻𣿡
һӾͽסˣͷֳźһѹؿڣίĽܴǻȥ
һʵôˣ
Ҳ˸֮Լ´һסģֳ˲٣֪ЧæǳȴϴĻҪǮһ͡
š
ֳ˰Ĵ˵һţɰжˣ˾һܵİһ𣬺ӵ˱˴ˣܰȻ˵
ֻǺֳܿͷ֣͸߿˽򫣬ΪһӣĲ˵ֳüסЩһΣҪڲɾͲǽˡ
ڣҹɫҪǿģ̫ɲֳ˱ŵˣſǻ˵磬֪ˣۣ
Žߺֳ˯ţű˰죬̲ס̬β㣬㡣
ֳ뵽Ů˹ӢžðοһЩһʼӢҲѰѿνһʱˬ׷޻᳡
нܵģ
Ϊʲô򫴳Ĺȴû˷ֳ֣ȥ̽˵ҵģһµĹŮҲûźּϰսϰ֣Ҫ˽룬Ƿַ顣
Ҳ֣Ϊʯͷ˵أʵֳȻ㲡һֱ̤ʵܾý򫻹ЩֶΣһŷģȻһ˯
Ṉ̀ˣȻֳѰҲȥ밲ֳǸĸΣʹ˻趨ʡǻնȥһյģҲøԼûпˣҲĵġ
ǰȻû취ȥǽֳ֮ԼⲡӦҪˣȻʱ̫ãԹ޽ɱԼŮȻǣǾˡ
źֳϴʼ¹֪Ҫȥ밲ˣ˵ҲðˡֵŽ˶ܿ¥ľϺõĽ˿滨飬ȸ鱦ǶģᱡôҪҪȥЩ
ֳһļѣҲᰴռ͹Щﹻã󲿷ֵĻҪֳԼ
ð
ֳԼбҪˣ꽪飬ҪѰ·ˣǼ˻ҪԼŮ벻ӵġ
ֳִүүǸϻƣ̴ĺãȻִˣֻǣֳϲǸϵӣҲѧ棬ٺѧĺܺãһ̴ֿ׼
ּԭڻݣ뾩Ƕˮ·ٵӶǱߣһԼ棬ԭּ˻ģֳּ˾Ҳˡ
ӶЩǴ˵춼Ƕֳ˵ȴǴ´ˡ
Ҫ˵ԭ󲿷ֶҪϲǺܹܺ֬ˮֱۣҪ
󷽵骣ˣҲ½½͹ȴΨûҪ
Ϊԭϲ򫣿ȻǣҪһİ¹ǲҪġ
Ȼֳ֣ЩǵˣյĶκǼҡ
ƱӣһЩζǧӣǵķҲ𲽣ɼǧķ
ֳպã뻹ǲܺЩǶˣҪˣΪ˵ҪŮǺѵ飬ˮϵͲˡ
ôһ룬˵ԭĴ㻹ͦԵģ˵ȴʵģеλĴӣҪ̳оλͿ԰ȥÿĸɫ£ǸģŮҲǴ滨ƵأֻҪؼҸĸӦеӻѡ
Ҫ˵骻һεķò
ֳֻ뵽骺ԼȻŲٹǲٹǰˣ̣ʲôǲˣΪһִûˣȻеܲḻʷˡ
һ뵽Լ˫ֲ֪ŮˣȻн񱣬Ǿе㲻ģ̸ѽһ룬Ȼ罪򫴥
ȵȡ
ֳϽҡҡͷѽϳȥô뵽Ǵ̬ҲŮţûǸָڻģҪԶһ㡣
ˡ
ֳֳŴ˼лعѾסԺӣһӾʹʮֵľ
лҪ˵Ůܿͷ֣Ҫ޸ˣһԸ

 6 


ڽƽһĸŮΨһĵճٲҪĸʱĻʺ󣬾̫ʱ̫Ϊ̫Żʵ۳谮ԣûǿʱǻ¶Цݡ
̫˶һŮŮ¾ͲزˣÿοƺܿŮӰӣԶǸݡ
֮޸˴С÷ıɪӹúͺֻϧһеĸıڽ򫱻֮
ԹûܻŶӣϴ棬Թ˸Ĥסһ࣬һ˽֮㻺Ů䣬ѺѾͲ⡣
һ̣Ϊ谮ǷϣҲΨһӵ̡
ֳȥʱλﶼƫţֳȻֳûѪԵǶǱףȻǱС㣬ϵ˵Ҫλߡ
ֳѧԭϸ˵ſ׻ǰӦ꣬⻷Ҳɲˣοԭļ䣬Ҳѡ
ĸֱַãҪĵʱ򣬶µװһصޣǻʵʹ͵ģܳķѲʱӡ
˵صƯϣ˵²ż汸ȴǷϣȻû˵ҲǸŵڣдǸĽﻨ
жôݸ߰ﻨͶôƽ⡣
Ϊֳŷһ㣬ʵĿҲͣ£÷ײˣ޽٣ֳЦһʢ򻨣ǳǳЦչ 
ֳòϣܷô룬һɾ͹ϲˣΪø
ˣĸһͬȥá
ĿڿϣһɫĽӣһߵĵȹžµױڶͷ˻䡣
ĳڣô磬Ӻݻ󣬰һӵ̳е޹
񣬵Լ̶ģֳ֣˵
ֳܳڸǰ̼ǵǰֳҲǵģнȵʱ
ԭȥ㣬ֻҪﱸ׵飬æתʵ߲˺ҽȥ˵ֻ˾ţͺˡԭæų׵飬ҲֲýһȻܺãЦ⣬һϲֳģֳݣŶˣһָȥһԪﻹһЩѪࡣ
ѪƷѰ˼ҾǮҲһõȻǺܴĶˡ
е˼ڿֳʶʱˣֳ֪ճžͳˣҪһ㣬Ҫˡ
Ǹصģʲôʲôٻ˵һﻨҲ͵ӣҲײῪڡ
ΨȴǸĵģЦ˵ֹǺ÷ۣǿѪѽǰֻŹ˵գŮӼãֻϧСƶûԹ֪ʲôζ
üҪ˵⴫ŲȻ󿴵һ۵Ӵǵ˽ܸߣƫƤҲżֲ԰ס
˿ˣ˵ү
˵ʲôԵģҲˣôǸĲ̰Եӡ
ֹûԹѪࡣ
!ü˵ǲҪͻع̹̽أ
ŵһӾ͹ڵϣҪ˵ȴͷĻ˻֣˵ʲô
һ̧ͷͿױݾ£˻䣬һʱסԳдżС˵ôˣȻ˼ױǰᷳЩ
ֳȻҪƣڵ⣬̲סţҲС޲°ɣ
ȴǱܿߣɺ˺˶ͷϵĻ䣬˵μҹҪˣ¶ʮ·ݣͷˣ֒װ£ǳ׵ʱӶ漴˵ү⼸նЪڷﴦ¸Ͳ֪¡
ɫʱЩѿЩƽ˵һ¶棬иֳԵúˡȻŭ棬Ȼȴ޶ԡ
ڵһӾͱѹ۹۱ǣӵģ˵ķֱӹ˵ϣ
ֳý浹ùʵүٻҲǴˣþ־УҲ֪᲻ᱻ꼰أ
ʱͻȻ洫ֵүүӣСˡ
ɫݵѣ˵ɡ
ӱƿ½߽ˣͷһȻǽ򫣬ҹﴳʱһѾ˽ĹٷȻһҪŵȥˡ
ĹٷǺɫģǽȴǴŻɫΪǻʵմ͵Ĵͷǧ˵Ľֻ˲ű͹ɼʵ۶ĳ谮
ˣؼֳ챧Žʱоģo(st)oõ޳߹ճϥȹŲɫӣűɫƤѥ
˧ĳѥǸ㾦֮ʣԽԵýȱֱ
ȻԸϣǴŹٷĽӢΰĽϢŬƣҲ̲סۡ
ȻڵߣӥһһӾͲ׽ˡ
ֳףΪ˶࣬Ҳ¶̬ʮֵòȻ󡭡ֳ򫼥Ŀ⡣                        
лҪ˵Ҫ˫ˡ

 7 


ֳ֪Լǵڣֿ֮ǰûֿʼˣ˶࣬Ҳȥ塭ǵģɱֳһӦҪȥŽ򫡣
˭ǲأ
ڽǽ䣬ͽ꣬ǰ꣬һӣ۵Сȹý
Ȼ˯ѣ񻹴żɣǱԵĸŽģƺЩ㲻ɨһãԱߵֳ¶ЦֳЦ
ֱֳҪȻˣѰҪһЩԵཱུģƫƫ̳ĸ׵òݰףʮֵƯЦ͸껭ϵСһģҪ˶࣬ҪСﱧ뻳ˡ
ӽǫҲǰ꣬ƫݣ԰׵ݺΪƣ⺢Щ㣬ûѧԷѾҩˣԽˡ
ֳ֪׶ľΪӣҲݲ˵ģƫƫԼûãʹͬеķţΪﻳ಻ãһֱŷ
Ǹģ˳ٲøҲ֮ӣһζεãʱˣ̣ɴͰᵽ˷ﴦЪˡ
Ӳһԣ˾нԶ
ǫôĸ밲񣬾
ߣ˽򫹬еĲ£˵ĸȣÿ궼ҪĸȥȪƺɽȥһ¾ʱЩҲҪȥݣֻǽɲںˣȥݼټ˽ȥǮӣˣ˱£ҵ㶪ˡ
˵Ǯӣ˵ҲӣֻǸȥѡ
˵֣Ӹˣȴ˺ѣӳ˽ĸࡣ
ÿο򫶼ŸТúõ˵ǽôѱ˵һܷʮ䣬㻹˵ΪӣӶǮȻţ
Ƴһֱʵʵţ۹۱ǣǹģŬֳ¶ֲŤͷ˫ֱأĶ˵ֲƾʲôܣ
ŭĿԲ̲סȵҹ£Ϊ̫̲סҵĿһֹס
ˣۣˣҲڣʵֲͷֻǿţĿȴеĿ
ô㵱β㣿ҵļҷ
ôüҷۣҪ֣ɴҹʡ˲ǣ
򫱻ȳʱ򣬲˵ᴩ·Ӷᣬ˲֪ٵ°ѽ̳
ͶԽݡ
һʱգҲ֪ӲˣˣҪԼ棬Ҫʲô˵ˣ־²̨
˵үүμСĻǲǾˣ˵μС²ż汸СǸͯ˲𡣡
⻰Щ̨׵Ļ⣬û˵μҶСȻǼõģȢǾ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵үҪȢףǴϲء
һʱҺһӾʹ˻⣬˵
Ժֳ̲סһŸղŵĳ棬Щ˸̥ȴҪװͺһҲΡ
컹ǵһ죬ɾͰ۵ùǺԺ治ȥˡ
ָ˳һ̣˵ҸѪֹ࣬ɲ⡣
ֳæл˵Ĵ£һӶǡֳƨĵԼ飬Ȼֺã¶ɫ
ֵ˵ˣվͲҪȥ밲ˡ 
ֳ죬֣ĲԵĵطǵˣ
ֵֹ룬ҪٳүĻ£ʵûգ㣬мλ밲Ҳˡ
ֳղŵĳЩˣԸɴͲˣôԺ󶼲ȥˣ˵һ£һ͸˵ĲУǰֲܱ¶ǿưסϲã֮ˡ
ȵС·ϣˣЦ
صӾͿѾߴһκӽЦ˵¥Ρ
ֳ֪ԭԸǾԲԼǮεģĳ͵ģһһöñɵĵӣһź챦ʯɢѤĹʣһ԰ɫңӦ׹գɫС飬СĴһߵŮʮֵ
ó˵ŵ޲Ȼһš
ᰮ
򿪾Ϳĸֳ֣һ°ֽڵˣסˣ¶ԭϼ÷մĶ
·Ǵǣմһ·ҪμӴˣ׼ǰ뾩ϾҪϤӦȷڿԵĳӡ
ֳѾմĳˣһμ滹ǰֳΪ»һ˻ݣʱմʮ꣬ϡǵİ׾˹ģ˵ͦԭ˵һ仰ͻ졣
Ѿʮˣȴ˾ˣʵνǰԶѽ
ֳʮˣʵҪиĸڣͶ˻£ΪǹŮһֱϵڡ
Ҳ̫ãŽ飬ͻ뵽Ȼߡ
ֳȻᱻĵһ£֮ǰ϶ҪԼѡãմҲǲѡ
ֳȥϵӣһӾʱ㣬մѾھˡ
һմͻɣ
ʱ϶ᱻ֪ģ
ֳһ뵽Щ;û궼Ҫûˣ˵֣Ҫһš
лҪ˵̫ˣҪ˫Ȼϲϰ񵥡
ߣֳ֪֪ΪһԻĻԡ
ֳɶ˵ɶôвõԤС
ߺٺЦĸɾͿٻħ򫣡

 8 

ڰ
ֳϾݣֻкĹŮϣҲ
ôȥֳ֪ҪˣֳϼҴĳҲԼˡ
Ŵߺֿ¹ʵ㿴Ҫļ 
ֳѾͼ¹⻹ƽʱģЩģҲʮӣƽʱǰ·ױҪʱȻ֪ģѯʵ
ֳڳԳԲԲ֣ҧһ֥ڶӿ˳̵ģҪĿȥֵĻʱͳԲȥˣθȫޣ⼸ӶˣЩ·ܴȥ
һɫıɴǽе˫ȹ˵·ûϹɫףɫͺܺÿ
ֳϸǼСȻ⼸һЩǵЩѣܴ¡
ѡ˰գһǳɫȹĨغǳɫģɫһഺŨĽ
Щף˵նϲģʽҲ÷ģϸԳôϲˣ
ֳ֪ΪʲôСҲǴѾ߶ֲǣʵ̫ῴˣûע⵽С
ȹסӣľͲˡ
ѣױֳˣմҾʵھǹԺԱߵĸջմһӡ
ջΪÿλԶʿүΪմϲǰԤּ빱ԺԺ󷽱뿼ԣԼ۸񰺹һ
˵ĵطбȽϣû˸ῴմϾʮľүҲʱԼ
մѾ죬һϴԡϢڶȲȥ¥ԼͶõûϸдһţ޲棬ֳ֪϶ҵΪ֮ǰôͨţȻԼͯװ¥ĻƸ˹ȥ
ȥ˴ȴǱκεĻţҲԶһһҲһʱմеż˭ʱҹѾĸף˵ԼĽֳſƾٽҪȥȢֳ
ĸȻûǸĸ֮ý֮ԣֳȴһҲ˵зޣС۽ǺѰ˲ͬҪ˵ԺҪ;ģﲻʵС˼ңûκε԰ӣȢֳͲһɽ·Ǻ߶ˡ
ĸĥ£ҲĬ¡
մͯŵմػſڴת𵱳ֳʱֳװǻƵ̬ҲĹŮͺǧһ㣬ޡ
Ҳү˲Ӽ˵飬ֳΪҵԼļˣ겻ġ
˵үȻϻۣЩɢҲģ⼸ôù黹ֳԵʣ˵ҪүŪүյĿ
ôһ룬ֳүˡ
⴫մڿ飬ô˵ϣŵĿſڣʵ˭
֣ǳ塣
ǳѽմ¶ʧɫѾȥţһĸߴӣһֱ֣Ũü߱ǣǳʡ
ոɼҵĳ𩣬ҽһͬɡ
Ȼ֮ǰʶͬһҿջסͬһڵĿ˵һͬˣԴҺܿϤˡ
Ǹк֣裬ȻλԶûǵΣ˿ύѵȤھﶼҵˡ
ǳ̬һξ͹Ե˱Ͼ˶ǵ˿˼βŹģõģһӶˡ
մ֣ԣɽᵳӪ˽⡭
Ц˵֣ȻɼҵĹӣҲһڵĿͬѧӣһжʥ֮ԣôͳ˽ᵳӪ˽⻰һ򲻿˵ˡ
մ⻰΢죬˵˼ǲܡ
ˣʰ£⹫һҪˡմʲôãѧʺãӺãҲǰ׾˹ģΨһ㣬Ůӣ˵и˼ĽŮӣԺڼзٲɣ
մȻڷֳǳʢȴҲ֪ҪύһˣױżͯŵҪǿֳһҪ֪ŻѸųȥˡ
ʵ۵ĵطڸջиСԺӣǸ͵ĵطȻ£ʳζΪðƽʱ˻⡣
иԣµ׼дͬڵľǡ
ֳϲϵｨֳһﴨҪһ㣬¶ˡ
˿ջ⣬ͣſڣѾ룬ȻֳʵֳԼֳǽĹС㣬ȻҪ̬
Ϊϰߣֳڵģ
ȴ֪ļˣһŰƴСʪж֮СƷһ紵ӡ
ӸüĿЩЦֶеſӭӣ˵ŻȻͿſһŮӡ
˶̲סڰԴǳҲ̲ס˵һˣ֪˭ҵС㡣
һʼż־ϲĿţĻЩˣ˵֣ĪˣŮҵ
˼Ц˵çײˡ
Ȼ˵ͳŮӶȥ˲վ岽֮⣬˵ֹ
ŮӲǱˣǸղСֳԵԼղûȻ˵㣬һ̧ͷͿ𩡣
ŵû궼ûˣôﲻմסĸջ 
⹫ӡֳֶò˵
ѡԭϲľ⹫ӣţ԰ֱʫ飬Ϊѡ
ֻϧֳ;ò̫ˣԭΪֳֶβСЩ°ԸڻҸвŻŮӣԺƥ䣬ֳ˻˶˼Ľ֮飬͸ֳһӡ
ֳоôīˮܽһдŸմѯʣմһµĹŴ
ഺȶͣǲҪӼ˵ķֻǰߵŮӶӹ֬׷ֳۣȻôˡ
֮Ҳָᣬֳǰ˳Լãһоͻס
ԭһӣĴֳĽȴУȥǵڵǡմҲҲ᲻᣿
Ȼŷ֣˶ͬһڵĿ                         
лҪ˵жΪҪϰ񵥣

 9 

ھ
⹫ӡֳ˵
һԵĳ˵֣λֹʶ
ֳ壬һʱ˹֪ⲻ̫¶ҲӵĿ⣬˵֣ıСֹҲһλŮ
ֳ
˵ıСֹĵ²ż汸һȻ鴫ʧʧһھǸֿޣʵ˵ֳһŮھҲƽƽ棬ŮӢһ⣬ʧˣǿ϶ѡ
ֳˡ
ʵֹǡ 
ֳ˽ڣ˵˵ջĺɻĺãϲԣ׼һЩȥ
ջĸȷʵǳرǺɻ֣ÿ꣬ǲо٣һЩɻֻȥҲǾǵزˡ
Ϊ֤Ҫ򣬻ȥһƴݣõ˺ɻֿ֣׼͸ˡ
ֳתֱӳſڶȥҪ֪϶ں濴ţ˵ͲܳȥˣùʱˮҲȻ𩡭ָһתͷմ
ҪȥͻȻ洫ϲֹ
մֱֳᣬôôù
ԭûµһССȻһ·˳˳Ŀ˾ˣȻһ뵽մͬʱھǣһȦҪ¶ڣԭҲôɣ
ֳһģҪװûǰߣմȷʵƶᣬֹ
ֳһ֮˶ڿֻûͷƳ۵꣬İ׾˹ģǰ˲٣üᣬʮֵºͿס
㣿մʱ¶ͬһůЦ
մһֱڵ𣬸ղżȥ𩣬ԼȻ˷䣬뿴ֳû˭֪ߵ˴Ϳ
ֳŻûߵĳ𩣬һʱͷƤ飬ôôɣȻײˡ
ԽʱҪԽҪ򶨣ֳӵתķɿ죬ϾͶմ˵ո磬Ȼ㣿ôϾ
ֳ⻰ˣ˽飬Ȼǲ֪ģֳװ֪⻰ҲǺģϾڿջġ
뾩׼μĴǡ
ֳֹŵĸ˸޵û뵽ոǵһβμӿƾ٣һ·˳˳Ŀʵǽ˾壬ǰףոһθˡ
ֳᣬĿųݣҲݼ̫ɫĵմŴĿƾٵжѣڵĸ߿ȸ߿ҪѣһΣȫֻȡһ˶ѡ
մһӾͺˣ͸͸ƻһɬĲС
һԿŭգֳմȻʶҲûҪô׽ɣǰ˵ֹҲҽ£λ̨ǣ
о֮΢ԭһֱװ֪⻰ֱеҧгݵζˣŵĸæվ˳˵⹫ӣǻմʮ꣬ѾǾˣмûôĿ˰ɣʤѽ
⻰ٲʶȤҲſһ𩱻˱Եģ˵ʲôҵʮͿţǰףֻҵ˵̫СҪһͲҼˣϵڡ
ֳ˵ԼֻӲͷƤ˵˭֪ɼҵĳǸӣʶ֣ʫѾڿתˡ
մʵҲſ𩣬ΪȷʵʵϵģǿŸ׵ߵǶǿһ˵ĲŻ
ֻմֵĸоƺֳЩͬȥ𩣬˵ղŵĻͿֳȻֳ϶ʱЦ⣬ǵ۵̬ԼĪĵ⣬˼ּƽϡ
ֳͷˣȥ˲ɣҪϾŮӺϣȻҲǲûĵز¾µ౻ڳһ˵ΪֳԳһӲϲʵմԳġ
һ¶ֳͳһ׵׵ƭӣ˰Ľһ£ƭ飬ˣֶξһˡ
˻ԡ
մؿƵģһα˺ʤģ˵ѵ⹫ӣǶʫΣ
մľʫڳ£ĪҪѹһѹ𩡣
߰Ŀմ룬һľˣǲ֪ߵغˣʫѽҿóˣһ˿ɲҪ˵ˡ
ֳ⻰ҪιȥǿѣĸоŻǸϽ˰ɣֻ˵ìԽԽ˵ λ꿡ܣӵι֮ţҿֻϧҼ£Ͳۿλʫˡ
ʵ˵ϲ˭϶մ
ΣҪȢӢģ㲻ӢҲǱˣԲһССģĸ˫ĹŮϾʵʵĻʼãء
Ѿų⣬ϲֳĲŻ⿪ʼûΪҲʣҲˣʣմ˾Խ
ǰ˾ԽĸҾ˾ԽҲˣˣҾ佫ңǶھְֱӰ˾ܲ˾ȥˣҪҲ׵ʱ
˶֪أȻǰմʵʵڡ
ʵڲǸմʱ򣬱ϾиһԻĶţΪ˲˴ȱܿͷ
մ᲻ֳǱϾ⣬ŮҲ˵̫õĻԵùˡ
ֳҪߣҲǺ
ֹ㱣ء
˸ղŻ־ģһʱһԵĳ忴ĵսľģ˶ֹ¶򵥡
һ룬մûףմ˵ˣһֱѣ˵ҪŸУȥĸ˵ȥӭȢԼϲŮӡ
ѵ˵Ůֳ 
ֳҲȷʵʱˣһ˫۾ִֺС¹һɰģһҲ߰˰ˡ
ھľСӢҲģֻȫͬͣǧֳҼģϧӢǽĿ˵ģžĿ
ֳͷҲ̧ˣһӦûסɣ
ʱͻȻŭҪȥ߽һ彣Ľ
ֱֳˡ
ջϰһʱŵɫˣƵ߹ȥʵүǿջɶǾүǡ
ץľЩɷ˵
ֳͻȻһӢʶڽ׽÷ʱ򣬾һиջĵط
ӢڼĲɲһֱаŮװھ˵УҪǹԺ֮ǰҪѹȻȥμӿƾˡ
μһг֯ʫᡭֳ̧ͷ۳壬˵ô죬ԭС˵
ʵʶĹ̺ܹѪд˷ʫܱȥһĲ飬ŵӢʱϾŮԸ
ʱŭ־ȥקӢ·ȻͰ˼ҵ·˺ˣţʵֳҲһֱ룬ΪʲôС˵е·ôקo(st)o
ӢòأܿŮرƯǣźһı۰ýһӾסˡ
Ӣס˺ѵĲ֣򫣬ҲǸصģû֣˽ŵĳб¶Ӣ
֪ǸᣬץסӢ
ŭӢ̫ˣ鷳ǴӷоȳӢ
ʵ֮ǰһֱŮȤȱȱԸûմȾŮˣ⻹һοŮ˵壬Լδ޵ģԶ𺳻ͦģҲӢĵĿʼ
żŮװȻѪӢ۾ֳãԼؼľ
Ȼ߽ܿһӢͦӣһɫĿףųͦΣֲŭѹ
˲Ǳˣǽ򫣬ͬڴµʱʱĽɢӵ֮ǿֳ̲סֿ
𩣬մڼϽ򫡭˶ˣֳŮӢķͷϾӢͽĿʼӣҪԼ̫Ŀˣ˵ͳֳġ
ôȻǲõģüͷ壬Ŀ̽ɫɨֳԵˣܿʹżּ
ֳ￩һµģʵҲ֪С֪˶飬ǲҲ֪մĴڣ
ʶ򫣬Ҳֳ֪Ҳû˽鷽Ϊ˵Ĳ̫ˣֳҪί򫣬ֻܸ檡
ֳǸʥһô檣
ǽĿ̫ˣͺ֮ǰմ̬һ㡭ĵΣУʶЩԾǺܿ죬ҡҡͷòܣֳѹͲֳĺŮˡ
ֳ͵磬ջĺɻֵġȻһԵѾ֣ý˳ߣѾи㡣ּװµ˵磬з᲻ˣЩ¡
Ī£
մͬ˵ģȻܿľ͵۱˴ˡ
ʲôĿⲻмͲ˵޸֮˵ˣѱСȥ漴ֵǸҺɣûץ
磬ȥϴţɼҾС
ֳżѽҪǲߣ˼ܣೳҽǽӢʶĴӡмһţǵ˾鷢չԺ˭ܰӽȳ
ûŮӢҪһֱһˣ
ȴǲֳĶɣմͼ򵥶ˣýϵĲƣֻǴӲϲõѡ
һʱʿѲ飬ŪüɹģסĶǽϿǾүǶǰģٲҪıʿһ
ֳЩʿЩη壬ôҲΪʲô׽÷Ǹ˽
˴󲿷ֶйѫͥӵܵεģ˵˾һţЩ˴Сʳǹѫ֮ңʮ㣬µһССľ˲ɣ
Ȼ䣬洫һ˵ң
ֳ֪ˣŮӢ
ǸӢһ⣬ĲУק¥Ž˵˲Ըһơ
Ǳʿץŵ˴һɫŻֱ֣ŷһĿǷݰ׵ģһƯɡ
۾ģĿŽ򫣬ֳĿⰧ󣬽˿žЩ
ֳܲκϾķչֻûп
ӢĿⰵ
㲻ԸΪʲôǷϲŷʫɣ
ҲǣӢίĺ
ΪקסƵĲ죬ֳ֪һ̣ʱ˺ȻӢļھͱ˺һСӣ¶һСƤȻѾ֪ŮӡֱӰѰˤ˵ϣ˵
ֳžۣ鲻ѽȻûãҲôݣ
Ǳ˺·ֱˤڵϣӢ̲סίˣ˵򫣬ӢԣǺʹС׵ǸӢء
ͻʱͻȻðһӢ뻳УذѹĲϣ˵򫣬ߣȻɱδޣ
ֳ֪ڽˣһǽӢ۾Ϊ˽򫻹˸첲
˵˵ˣܷŹһҲܷ㣬ɱɱ㣬ܺá
ӢˣźҪ㣬Ⱦң
ǾΪ㸸֪ΪʲôģҲΪ㽾ġ侲ķ󣬱Ҳν¡
ֱֳȥˣڽߣ˵磬Ⱦ֪ܵġ 
ֳΪյĽܸܵȵϢĿⰵ˰˵ôң                        
лҪ˵дѽдѽûдǸС߳

 10 

ʮ
Ȼ򫻹ֳȻܵһ˿ãܿ죬ֳͰԼƨĵԽԽˣ޵ĽҲ⡣
ֳٽ˵ܣС飬ûа첻ɵġ
⵹ǴʵҲҪֳװΪ򫻹
ʩһ˵ͰһΡ
ֳô;ķչԾأδޱЮˣôͳ˰æ
˵ǸȻЩ£ذѹӢĲϣ򫣬㻹ǲǸˣδŵӣĺ
ŭⷭӿǲ˲Ҫ֤϶Ͳˡ˵⻰ͳŴڿۡ
ǷͻȻ˲õԤУҲŵ򴰿ȥ
ʱ򣬷¥ݿڵһӣѸ˦ֻŷзӦʱѾˣ۵ֱӵڵϡ
˹ȥһŲڷϣǵطǱе˿ڣ۵ʱҽһԵˣ˵̡
νĹ̾ǰ˸ˣ⻰ŵĵɴ۾ҡû˵ͱһ˹ȥ
˵˴߰ɡ
Ӣδ򫳯Ҳ˲ͱʹΣδҲ˵Ķô飬ȴǾһ̣Ӣıˡ
磬Ҹղˡ
ֳӢŽ򫣬һϾ죬ȻмЩۣǺ˻һˣͺܺã뿪̬뿪ָտɴˡ
մǸСģղзٳֵʱŵɫˣﻹһֱֳģ˹ĵѯʵֹĪҪ¡
ȻҲûߣմֳ˵ĵĲУ֣ҪûǴĻղŵˣҺȥ
մһӾͺˣĿİͰ͵˵ûк£ֻǽš
𩳰Ū˵ԭǽˣ
ֳͷˣֳŶͷ˵ϡ
մҲˣʵֹôˣһǺ޲ǰֳȴǰ棬ֹֻǲǸղŵˣ
ֳԼԴӴⱾԽԽƭˣΪҲû취飬ϾҪʵʵ˵¸ͻ·ϧ۰һ֪Լƭǣ»Ͱ˺ˡ
ԭǸ߻ƭ˵ģֳ̳ļ䣬ѧģģްֻҪЪһ
ĵطЩȥɡմϾ˵
ҲŵͷȻҲͬմĻ⻹˵һδһ¡
ֳѾַţкӰ˵Ľչ˼һӾ;ԼȻȥˡ
˭֪˻ûߵſڣͻȻӢίĿܣײſڵֳ
ǵ˹ֳһãȻ˵ߣȻżּ᲻
ֳϾʹһ飬ڽ档
һֳֳ֣ǰ棬һԵòˣϾ˶ƺǱãʵҶ֪ǸûκεѪԵϵ
Ҫĸأοã
ֳԥôһ£ͿɫЩÿˣŵòᣬľ
ݻֳƽʱᣬиСŲˮ̣һԻбͷ֮ģ͸һСһġ
ֱֳӰק˻°ͣʵ㵽ʲô
ֳ¿ˮ˵ɻֵġ
𣿡
ֳĿ׺ݵɫƺһ̾Ҫһ㣬µĶ˶ĿİͰ͵Ļشȥ򡭡ɻ֡
ҲܳϣȻ³֪
ִֻ°סֳĲֳҪſˣͻȻ両֣С֮ӡ
һеľͱס򫣬ػ޵ģ磬ҡء
Ϊʲôֱ̬ػʿ
һӲŷѹߵҲΪ§ֳ򫵭˵ֳҪһ٣ٶ
лҪ˵ˣ

 11 

ʮһ
ֳ⻰ϷĶһ˵磬Ѿûˣֻжãֲǲ֪ôˣλƭ㣿
⻰ģֳ޿һŮҲǿܺúõĻڣȻŻصУûжû취չؼҵᱻ˸˰ˡ
ɫڻ
洫һʿʱˣȥиˡ
ҺţҾ

ֳ֪ڿˣǸˣϲԣ֣ص˵磬Ҫɵˣȥɡ
ȴȥ㡣
ֳ
ÿֳӢ磬ղСοˣʲôף
򫵹Ҳû˵ǲǹ˵ЩŻ跨
ֳⲻܡ˵һˣҪȻҲȣȻ˵ Ҿ˵ûֻ˳ƽƽģԸԵ顣
ֳ
һҹ㣬ǹĵճС㣬аŮװ죬ﻹûŮӵ֣վǱɱˣҲȡʲôޣ
ֳϵıģ̲סѵʿˮͻȻеӢȻһδ
ιǶδŵѽ
ͻȻͷֳ˵ˣ
ֳ
ģʹţλá
ֱֳᣬմ׼ȹкһһ˾ۼĿջ㲻ʲôĵطȴƫƫץ鵱УһӰ˶ˣ𩣬մн򫡣
ҲҲ̫ˣ
صְֳ֮Ѻɻ͵ǱߣЪһΪ˵ҪһֱֱҹҲûϴ˯ˡ
ֳ˯Ժģں۾磿
ͻȻסĲӣɲ˵ֳĪǰҵɵӣ
˵˿Ҫʱлḡ飬ֳǣȱʹĸоͬһˮ㣬һֱڵڣֻΪһĻȥϣǵģӶôȥӿҪš
ֳԽǰһողμӹͨ˾ְԱÿķҲµĹʻˣֲһܿں죬ֻ߽Եһɰķա
ûôֱνֳȥҲ֪Ϊʲôᴩ֪ʱ˾ˣʲôûˡ
ֳһνʱ׽ʱ򡭡Ȼ֪ΪʲôΨһԴķ
Ϊʲôԭֳ֪߶ƫѾ˲գһõˣǰνƴüʯͷѡ
ֳþе̧˽ΪϢĴζ
ֳоӵһɣֱϲƴҪǿ֪ʱ䲻ˣҲһ뽪ͻղû飬ɱһ˶˵練Ƶ顣
ʵĺܽһָľ룬ֳ˹ȥȴΪϵŵߵԭֻ˽°͡
ʹҲý򫽩סˣֳоϵԽԽСˣûܹ裬һֱס˽촽
һôӵˣĺһ˳۾Ϳ̬촽ȴʹҲû취ȡ
ֳԽǰû̸ڣûԹҲܣڴѧ͵͵Ƭʶ
£ҧסֱԣûκεĿ촽ֳȻûκεĲʣǾֽһĴģĿڿȷⲻΪղŲϢԭ
һĺã㣬ζʧӢüۣǴ죬˾ãʹҲһĿοĿһãɫһͻȻ䱻Ϊϡξ
ܿ죬ĿͱɫīȾҹɫֱӰֳ˳ȥ
ľֳܴ˵һԴֱײ˴ͷϡ
¼
ֳ۵ͷĿѣģ֪û˻۲ۣҪץסᡣ
ڽ˵ĻֳΪţЩֱСƣοܸоһֶΪ𺳣衣
ʲôҪңҪԭίɣֳ˵Ϊ˲ӣɤЩƣҪ˵ղűײͷ۵ĲУԽԽί
лҪ˵Ժϰ˵¡ǰ½ڵķת̫ͻȻˣݣ

 12 

ʮ
һ˵ǻ˴ֳƴСķɫʪʹֳݼֲڣҲ˲ٵķҪ޵ôˣҲǽĳܣҪǻˣˡ
һѹֳĬᣬ԰ɢŽѹֵͬһɫī˲ҲȾڣԨ
մͬ磬ھҲǣ÷ĳ󣬵۵⡣
ֳֻ˵ģըˣҿͷţûý򫿴ı飬Σ
Σŭȥȴƭ˵ɻֵģҲǣ
⻰ֳ֪ʲôһֻҪ˽ûб¶Ͷ˵ҴСĸ˫Ҫ￴ҿСչңñ۸ûл·ˣԶ磬һһģǶ磬մҸĸ֮⣬ΨһˣҲСʱΨһļ䣬ǣҪȥǣ
ȻΪλҪ˵ѣ
öϴβǺͲٹһֻһУǰҪö֪Ҫȥӡ
ֳ˵žίĿļҪιȥܵĲУģӼֱ˹ģ̬
һñ绳ɣ˭ǸŮͲӦΪ̫ĸȥˣ
ھĵģĬ°ͣһ۾ʵ˵ģ
ΪβţڣܣݹأҲò˰ʧķȥˣ
ֳϰԵķŽ򫣬˵ҧͷ̬
Ƕ񽪳˵ַлǡģϸĶǿ޺۾ȻǲϴĿĵպۣĪˡ
ֳȴ޵ĸˣܾίĺӡ
򫽩ֱ˰죬˻ֳѹԼؿڣĪˣǡ
磬ˡ
ԼƭȡȻȻˣ򫻹һ¾Ͱֳˡ
ֳԽԽίᶼ˽·ϣ¶ӶɫֻǿֳͮͮıӣסҪƿֳ뷨
***
ֳһˣ˽˵үһҪ
ֳֿžˡֵǸҲ֪Ϊʲô˯رӻγģȻ϶ˣǳʲô£
ֳ´ʽ򫣬ôģǲֱӰָˣ첻СĿĵˣ⼸ձлͣ˶ˡֳֵҩһ໨ɵСԲУǰ͸ɫĸҩк
ϴ֮󣬰֮ǰҩɾˣְֳҩԵպֺܿףɲһĿĿģֳ˵Ҳʣֻðʸѹȥ
ҩĨڲϣǳˬȥȵʹС
ϣʹô֪մǷСģ˵Ϊֻһ˸ջմմкֳ÷鶼˵ˡ
ֳѣзִ磬ֻΪν˸ԼĹϵҲҲ֪ɱ¶˽飬Ȼֳžֱӱˡ                        
лҪ˵ˣ⼸쿨ģ̫ˣҿǲһ»ϰ˵ûи£Ǿֱ˯ɣڶ쿴ţ3Ũq?

 13 

ʮ
ֳƲĶ䣬æŸ׼£ڿⷿ鿴ЩƸͷҲ̧˵ȥɡֹСʱ;úûٷ˼һһ͹ȥôô׵
֪˵˵ֳԶԶû˵ôģҲǱһԶѣ⻹ΪֳǸɫĺӡ
һҽȥΪɱߵŮһְһȻ˸ѰС
ūȥš
ͷӻóһΪʱԶ涼˻ҳ֪̿˭īȴǻļã滭ˣ߰ĺӣܽǵͯһԴһЩɫϽСС;ɣһǿúöйɻɫվмŮͯ
һԵһۣ̲ס˵ⲻǱ°ʱٳȥأҲڣ̫˵ѵöһ𣬾õʱʥ־Ļ
ĿͣŮͯϣһܽɫȹݣֶЦݣһҹ̬֮׻СĿ
ʱá̲ס૵˵
ֵͷû˵ʱҥ˵ʵõֻȵ۲ԸϼףԼҼүż޸
***
ǾʺõУҽҲѰģȴѰˣǾѫ󣬶ֻҽ˵ȷʵίˡ
Ϊпϵ˿ڣֳŸҲû룬ϾЩеСǣܿ
ֻвǣֳʵӦˣȴ˵˷纮Ŵ󻧶Ȼ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵׻ҽģڸֳӵʱ򣬷һЩ˵ҩġ
ֳֿ֪ʲôŷӣ˵ҩ
ֳ֪УһСҽǸլʺģӢӦÿʲôˡ
ȥɡ
ҩҩЧܿ죬ֳվѾʼ̣Ȼ;÷ǳüζˡ
⼸춼û򫣬ֳ֪æС˵ڣ׽÷ͷĿų壬ǸУһʼҽ޳ЩƶϰգٺʹһУᣬ˵ųʹߣƹϲ
ʼҲͼʮˣһµˣԲڵľˣЩӣƻ˲پ˼ǣ˴ɱʵۼƻ
Ѿʼ췴ˡ
ջץֻǿʼ⼸ھһץס£ͻһų塣
ͻȻֳͣºҩĶһΧµʱ򣬽ˣС˵ڣȣҥ˵ȳӣŮӢװ򫡣
Ǹǰǡ ڿջΪӢ۾˺øС
ֳ𽪳Ӣ˵ĻûͲˣλһȵɬҩˮӹֵǿ飬ֱﶼǿζžһ㣬ϣʵүûظˣ
ֻȥ緹ʱģǳ˵ģ⼸նûиү͹Ӧû
ֳվС˵ڣ˾ˣҪҪȥѽ򫣿һ뵽ºֵʱģֳҡҡͷ˶ѣֲǶҲˣ
ֳĳܣȻֱĿУ
ʱǮֻˣֳĸֳϼȥˣӦֳʵЩŵģԺŪȥڴСֳ᲻
ǮİԲЦʮֵᣬʵҲʮ꣬ȴܺͽʳȣмˡ
һɫĺӣɫĶЦ˵ҿǻˡȻȥֳϵİ̺ۣһʱɴ۾ôˣ
ֳ֣˵һ·ͣȥ衣
ֳȥֳͿɥѽ׽ľ˵ˡ
ǮɫһӾͰˣ߶µ˵ô
ֳǮΪʱǮֳֳͶģȻֳҲǸ˾ȻҲ
ֳ飬˹֮⣬ǮֶĬϵģǮֵĸ˭۲ﳤ󣬳ԴöȽԲССܱȵģ۽ǲͬҪǲΪԼı㣬𣡡
ֳ˵Ҽ⣬ҲɻȥˣǶһֱңǰҹͻȻ
Ǯɫְ˼֣۵ֱᣬ˵ôǺã漴ҵ˵Ҫָһ£Ͻȥɣ
ֳѾʮˣͶ˻£Ҫ»Ǹĸֳĸ˫ֲ£ϵڡ
ֳ˵˵Ҫί檡
Ǯֵ˵ģ˵ּȻʲôŴ󻧵ģҲû˵檵ģ˵ˣүһģҪ֪⻹ûأҪֳ˵ˣֻûˡ
ֳ֣Ҳֻ֪ԹԼ²ϸ£ֹ̰ģĽֻܵŶףĻ¶ʮ·ݣϲɣ»ɪʱûҵλˣıˡ
Ǯ˰죬ҲֻҾ͸˵ˣ˶ԣΨүƫšǿھͰˣǸܽɫ
ˣǮҲͱԹ˼䣬ҲͲ˵ˣһ˵ȥӪգš
һӪմӣֳƱһ˰ʮ̧ͷȥǮ֣˵ǸִȴˣƹҲû취һࡣ
ֳ֪ˣֳĶӣּ˼ֳ̰ͼĸļҵ˵ð̵ִּü̳𣬱ֳܾˡ
ֳʵĸܵˣŮӵĶ⣬ҪĺãҪһźʵĻ¡
ԭֳǺܿմȴǲˣǾǸӣӣˣԺǰҲòˣ
Ǿֻʣ˾Խˣ˾Խڱ߹أһϣ˵ϵ꽪֮󣬵ǲΣ֮ǰֳǲˡ
ʵʵŽ򫡣
ֳǸĺݵģһֱǺŽҪ飬˵ܾĲˣ˶󣬹Ȼȣ̧Ż
ιȥˡ
ֳҲ⣬һֱڸǰǰܺ                        
лҪ˵

 14 

ʮ
ĴȱһɼǣѪֱʱ·ס˿ڣѪȴûֹסһֱðɫ԰ףǺһ˵ȥҽ
ֳ򫱻˴ӵŲ˴ϣʹСģҲᶯȣ۵Ķͷ϶ðȴһֱҧûг
ȴˣҶס
ͷ˲ͷϵĺˮȴԽһվںֳֳϾ͵ͷܿĿ⡣ 
ҽԺҲвٵľ룬ʹУҲҪʱԶẰȹõоϴθֳС
ҩҩЧѣֳ˿Ѿòˣֻǳǳ˿ڣΪס˺ķִۣһӣֻҪϸǿ
ͷܽһΪѰıɫĺⰵֱ֣˸ۡʶľͳֳȥȻڿƣֳ΢΢ףǴкмϾ͵ͷ
һУŮ죬ȷʵǲϹصģֳҩҲ֪ûУ˴ԣӦǰʱˣкο̲סţϵŮӣҲֲûۣڸۡ
˼Žȥſˣüʵɷ⿪·˴
Ϊ֮ǰ·ţͿ˿ڡ
ʱʱѪðͲԸ⿪ѪֹסˣȻҲеҽֻΪӦ˵ֻҪǳֽһʵžˡ
лһ˺ᣬʮɣһʯɫĺֱ֣üĿģ°΢̧𣬿˵ʱ򣬴ֲİ
˵ǵҽԺҽɡ
Ȼ֪˼Ҳû˵ȴ˼˿ڣֹ˼䣬üȴҡͷƺЩߣֱվ˵ҪûĻүжˣӦǼʱβŶԣȻҺӵͷ˵ͷˡ
Ȼŭ˵˿ڶûжϣΪʲôط㣿ֵǰôûſڿӣˣȥ
һȻŭһӾ͹˵ˡұܶ󣬳ԺڶμңҲҽ¾֪ҽԺĶҽ塣
ε廰οΪƣļ٣ײǹϡ
ʲô
ʱס˶ٽܡ
ǸСٽܲǣҽǸټñţڻӱ״Ԫ̫һɣûٸ¡öٽôԭΪһ¹ʡ
ֳѺŶٽܣһȥٲһᣬҪһƤ
ҲֲúôǺģȴǱᶾǸ˶ܲˡ
ΪƲһȶ񻯣ã滹ȳȵ飬ŮӢװ̽˸Žһ
ֳãӦǲˣΪջ飬Ӣ֮䣬³˱˴ûˡ
мòУһĿͷǶͷһƬиķȴҽģ˾壬һʱĲ̣˵ڵĶμңǸҽңһȷʵҽʲôطǽĵӣҲǣ
һ٣Գֲѵý͵˵㻹С֪ЩնҪ˶˿ͷˡ
ٽܼ˵ٲóֳ˹ȥһҪһӾ;ĿڿֳʮƯ֬ķɫСɵĹʪ֣ͬԵóֻ޲ðš
Ҫ˵ֳվ˵
ֶо÷ĶҩȽ⣬ѰĶҩһ㷺ֳ࣬ԺΪƶٽϾʹ˾æ
Ҳظ׵ˣٽһֱڼֳ֣Ļ룬˵˵ɵ棿Ҫ֪үиһμҾͲҪڣ
ٽźµʿˮȴǼᶨ˵Ҫ˻ƭáֳϿҵ˵ֶȻ׶ֵĶңȥҲΣա
ֳҲٽ˵ж㱣֤ˣӦģ˵ܣգʮֵĳڣϲҪǡͺ¡
ԥеĽ۾ֳƵ˵԰ɡ
ʵĹҲǶԵģɲһԹҪ˲֪٣ĴҲ٣ٽܼȲ֪УҲŵҽҲӦá
ȷʵЩ⡣
ǽĶ˿ڣҲܲӣֳּ˵Ѿɶ˼֣˵Ǿɣ,˵ȥеļҾ춼ץһиôһҪѸϵ
νȨʱԵô// 
ٽܴʮֵľŽ⿪·˿ڣҩýⶾ򫶼ǿʹӲȥˣٽԭЩ̫̣ǿ̣Ȼ˼
ҽʱѾǰʱ֮ˣΪģͷ󺹡
ʹˣҽϸۣҵ˵ַҩʵǸҪúʹλСֵܣҪǵȵңⶾҩɢˣҲǲΣүҪڴ϶ɰˡ
ȥٽܣЦݣ˵ʲô
ٽֱܼܳһһ˸УרŸˣʹȻٲ˵ġ
ҩ˯˹ȥ¶ƣ̬ƽ˵ȥЪŰɣһúõչү
ᷳƽ⣬òǽ˵һòյǰ棬Ϊʲô
⻰ֱ跿ԽĻˣϾίĺȦ˵ǡ
Ǿ͸ұ죬ﻹֲһ˵
ֳǿԭģ֪ȷʵǸʡ͵ĵƣֶκݶûٸ°ӡ
ôȻЩˬ֪̬ʱ˵ȻȥЪŰɣҪ˯ģȴûУǰӣأһúչ˱ġ
ǾֳΪɿֻΪԥϾӶѾˣҪӣֳЦ˵ǰʱҲҲչ˹ֵҩ˯ˣҽ˵ҪϲѣչʲôҲ͵Ը㡣
⻰ʵڱһֱڻ˯У֮ʵʲôġ
ѽ˵ȻЦˣȥֳм棬˵ȥЪһ͹
ǲĵıˡ
ߺֳ䣬ҲܱӣףеŴߵİٺ㣬˯Ҳ֪˶ãȻ˶һֱӾͳҶȥ
һͷ˵ϣ۾ֳĿǺܿͰƵ˵ˮ
ֳˮȴӣ˵ιҡ
ֳ
ȥ˷괺ɣ괺ǽŮϴιҩ鶼
ȴ˵ǲԸ⣿
ֳֻһһӵĸιˮĿȴһ˲˲ĶĿ⡭ֳôǶԼ촽
ǲǵĻˣͻȻ˵
ֳ룬˭㣿̧ͷĿȵĻȼգһʱ֪ôشֻõͷӦš
ֳ°;ͱסˣˮҶֻͷȴԽԽֳֻÿڸĿڿ
лҪ˵

 15 

ʮ
ȵĺϣֳһӾͺˣΪ˯֮ǰȹҩҩζȴš
ֳ뵽ڽķȻΪúϢЩŮ˳ȥҲվſڣ¸ղŵĶϾͻ
Ҫ˿Ҿûˡ
ƶ˭
ֳڽ򫿿ɲǣȻıȥýӿŭ
ͻȻ洫ү
ֳ괺˽ֳˮһ˵ֹūôأּˣҲܾϲ˵үȥҽ
һʱѾӽֳͱԱߣҲֵõУֻǽɫܺڣѷ괺ݹҩˣͷ˵ôΧҳȥ
Цеİү͸ǳȥ
ʵȻ࣬ÿ˶ɵģʮֵѵһ֪ǽҷƢȣҲпԭ
괺ۿˣȴ˵ȥҩ룬ι򫣬Ǳˡ
ˣ
ȻԹҩģ¶ȸոպã֪ƢҲΣֻܺĺš
ֳȻ֪ô£Եӣ˴˺£ȻǲĵģǱ꼰أ˵ȥҽû
־ֳǻģ⽪ôӦҽƣȴǳٳٲڵģȴֳô˵˵ͷˣ
ֿˡ
֪ǲǴֳվߣȴַâڱĸоûͷҲ֪϶ǽĿ⡣
ҽһֱûߣֳǰ̤˷žͿҽУжһ˹
λҽҽҲֳҲʶ˸棬ʵֹүˣ
ֳΪԭ֪Ȳʲô⣬οһΪȡ˶ٽܵܿͳ˽ⶾˣ̬ɣϾԽԵóһԵ̲ס͵Ķٽܣ־˼
ٽֱֳܾôòƲ˵»ȣʵǽĽ
ղųϢУֳ֪ԭͶݣԭøʲҪ˼ֻ
ɫǺöˣǲҩҽȥưɡ
ҽҴҵ߽ȥٽΪڿֳ˰ģкݺݵ¸첲ϵ⡣
ٽ۵ģſŽȥˡ
˭ƢĻܰߵĥǺһ˵ҩ̣һ˵ˣһ˵Ҫһ˵Ҫϣҽʲôһûһġ
ʱˣҲŶӹлǰϲ赶Ūǹģڱ߾ҲģȻ̸ϳڣҲһսˣɰ̫Żˣּܲȥٻ˾ǣͲ
ڹ˸飬ҲﷱæϢӹ
ڣ߾ŶӽǫϣҲڣһ꺮ů
˶˵ӵܣ˳ھư԰ˣһץס˷˵ɨ˸ɾЩҥԲơ
úܳ˵Ҷĺá
һԷӣǫ˵ҲҪһ㣬Ժ󳤴ץ
úáСӵϽͶԸ׽Ž˵׻˵ӱֵģûа첻ɵ顣
Ц϶˻βסϲá
Ǹ¶ģȻƯǲǷĳ谮ֲϣޣζһڷԣôĿָТĳ÷⣿б𣬸үѧǶԵģǱѧͷүķͷе˼Ͳˡ
仰һڳվͱЩΣŵͨŶӽǫ˵ǫүؿɼҺǫҪôһ˼ú
ĵۣϣ˭ĵ䣿
ү檲ѽǸղŶǻͲԣһѧʲôүӦʵʵĽرֲǣȻ֣Ժ󻹲Ҫˣ
ǫ˵ɫͨ죬ĲУҪ޳
ҪĲͷʵҽǲǻӰΣ
ҽ
Ȼ˶ϳȥˣֳһϷЦĶۣȻ˵̱ȴζġ
һֳҲˣͻӣһãżǹػҪŲߣǾԵЩĲˡ
Դֳ֪ϵ˿үŪģǮ־ͺģһֱſڵĵţֳһ˵ү
ֳ˵߲ˣΣͷİɡ
Ǯֳ̾ߣ˵ɲܴѽ
ֳԼֻҪڡǣҲº֣Ҳãʵʵġ
ȻЩģǮֻῴԭΪ˿Ҳֳο˲١
ߵԺֳѼ棬Ѿ˲ˮԱ߻ŵĺ͸ոкõˮ
ڸպǳӣҵʱ򣬵ȻǺڵŪӣңСӣңҲͦóԵġ
Ǯ˵ġ
ֳ֪ڸлһ򫣬̲ס˵ãǸͷˡ
ɲǡǮ˵ ǲǷˣ
ֳͰɷ˵ˣǮһ˵ƽ⣬¶ûһǫѷģԺɲҪ˵ˣĻ¿ȫء漴ֵǸϣҵС
ֳôˣ
㿴˵ĻǼʲСʵǸͷǸͶ״ء
ֳһ룬ǣ̲ס˵Ҷû뵽
ǹﻹСءǮֺǴȰĿֳ˵
˿Ȼɼǣû˵ͷּϼʱ˽ⶾҽ˵ֻҪһµˣֳֻȥʱȥһˣͲȥˡ
Ȼֳ̬ȲԸֳͽ׽ҪֳĲܲʣԵ壬ϾֳãҲϣֳġ
һ˾˶ʱǲϣʱʵˮȴֳʮֵĳ
Ǯָ˵ĲУֻ˵￴УȻָܸһźû¡
ֳԼԺǸǮѧ廨ֻʱ䣬ֳ֣ЩŮһʼЩ裬룬ȻȻ֪ôˣ˵ҲûǮֻɡ
ֳϲԼ¼ܣŮӻҪʶֳ֣ŮǸϻ۵ģЩ治١ŮߺԼϰҲûϹ
ֳд֣ԭʵд̫Ưˣ⼸춼㵱Уһ黭ͨŮҲ롣
ûע⵽ɫһһڡ
***
Ӣ⼸նЩƲֵģһ뵽˵Ļһ˾ȻԼδ
Сۣʱвϲ˲֪٣ȴƫƫһеĵӵܡ
Ѿݺ˲ˮ˵Ȳ衣
ӢͷİѲ豭ƿ˵˵Ҫ˵ҲҪˣͬ𣿡
ݺ̾˵ͱˣ˵谮ֶӾλүҪǸ˻飬ɲñŭ˵һү׽˷ͷĿ˶˵үʵ汾ء
Ӣ죬˵һç򣡡
ǣүǾ
Ӣ𽪳ȻĮǳ侲ģȻɫģȷʵټĴ֮硣
紫ӵȫͬ
֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ӢȻЩ졣
ʱѾҶһ˽Це˵̫үģÿ˶һݣġ
ӢֳԥǴ˺ӣǹľһﶼĵΪӢֻϲĻĵʶĺܿͺ˸ӡ
ôϲ𣿡
Ӣͽν޸̫֮ʱܼ̫ӣһȥĲ֪ô̫ġ
Ӣǵãʱ㻹УʱŻ£ĸȥ㣬һĻ÷̫Ӱ鷿ܲ˵һصĻ÷
ݺݵĴ̫һƣ˳ȥ֮¾ͳļ尾ȻҸ߽㣬־ίĲС
뵽ȻĮԵģƺκ鵽ﶼӭж⣬Ǽ޸Ҳǲģ                        
лҪ˵

 16 

ʮ
ֳᱡǮֳָ˸ε˫ޣѾһ̽Ÿղɵҩ滹¶
ֳϺɫҩæ˰֣ôʵ̫Խǰɲһܴģ΢Сľͱʮס
һԵǮЦ˵ҪǰľɣǹƵģҲ
ֳͷ־ͻһϻӣ涼ǾΩΩФ
һ԰ɡ
ֳѡһС÷Ǯ¶ЩͬɫȻǾ̫ؾҲû˵
ʱѾȥһˣõĺܿ죬ر˶ٽܼ洫һҩΪص˶ٽܲ˵ŶԸٽ˵ֳҲ߿˼֣úôֳˣ⺢Ҳ֪Тˡ
ʱ䣬ֳǺɫ
ֳʱȴû⵹ǺټȻǱʲôµˣֳԺͷ괺죬ʽ͵ȥҴһɡ
괺Ҳֳ֪Ҫӵ˼Ц˵ϸջҶƵĹ𻨸⣬ȥ
ֳȥڶĲҡ
ĲҶȻˣС¯ӣõ̿һ춼лˮðֳҳ豭һ裬óɫĹ𻨸⣬ɻֵȸ㡣
洫صĽŲֳһרŸѾߴˣͷҲ̧˵ˮˣһɡ
ûӦֳȻ˲õԤУһŤͷͿ򫱳ǽڵվţ峿ϣʮӢͦݣȴΪĿеŭ⣬ԳصϢ
ң
ֳ°һ̾ͱסˣֳԾ˵磬û°ɣ
ȻԾǵǵýɫֻ࣬뵽ֳһµɣͺ޵ҧгݣ۾˵Ϊʲôң
磬Ҳǡ
ֳЩ飬Ͼⶼɹ¶ȻҲԭģȻԽԼҲϲ˸ϵ
ֱֳӿڽĻصĿֻ֪ҪÿͻȻһ˵߻Ʊ硣ŭ⣬ȴǶ˼ΣͺԼȡֵŮһ
Ϊòƣ괼ɤӣ˾ʮֵĺֳȻЩ졣
үȥˣ
洫괺ֳʮֵĻңʶľƿ򫣬ȸոֱֲӵڵϡ
ֳɴ۾Ѿ߽ʱ򣬻ǹԾĺ磬ôˤˣҪȲ˵һôԼˣء
괺Ȼ˽㣬Ҳһ򫡣
ֳĿףĿ⣬ƺһ̾Ҫŵֶˣˡ
ֳˣǱŵڽᱻֳƵѹûСֻн۸ˣ˭۸ֳϧ˵úӣĪ¡
һֱ֪ѱҲסģԼܳȥҲ֮УҲûлɡ
Ҫȥ÷괺Ņ̀ԺɹɹԼˣ˵˿Ǻã
Ŵֳ˵ôôؾʱǻǶһͣӦúúôǣ˸ͼѺΣúѡ£պȥμͻ硣
ֳһ뵽ȥ骣Ȼ˵𩣬;ͷ󣬽ӴмΪУŭ
ȻǺ⣬ſ۽磬ûкʵѡֳȻҲ˵ݸˣȥɾͲһˣ˵ֳܿԺ˭Ȣ͵ȻˮǴߡ
Ǹ䵭ˣٻҪһξܾˣһξͲ֪ʲôʱˣ߻ò֪ôԺҲš
Ǹȥֻýֳѡ
صӣֳ͸ǮǮһʼǻϲһ뵽ƢҲǷϵ˵˵ߵѾ߶ûţ²׵棬үߵĴѾ߷괺ǰ괺ǸˣȻҲᲦүã˷괺ţүҲͲˡ
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ǮЦеĽ˷УֳƺһˣԸ˵ˣҲǺ£Ͷˡ
ȻЩɹһ뵽ֳǵСʱֻ֪飬ǮҲͽͷ
̧ū澶ѡ
ģȻǼõģ·Ҳ֮ܺǰոߴҲţֻҪԼ¾ĺʡ
ֳ֪θ˵£ſڵϾ͹˺죬ǽҪ˽˼һξΪֳûȥֱӶµ˼
ֳţҪΪ飬Ҫúøˡ
ϳԹ˷ֳͽɢȥ˺Ļ԰Ļ԰ܴи֣кˮдһľݣǽСʱϲˣĵط󵽲ȥˣҲѾ߶ɨ˻ȥһ档
ֳԭļ䣬С·ȥ˻԰
һҩ·˽ֳۣ͡ǱӰŮӢΪơ
ֳЩ̫ܣ̼ǵӢǿߵģôǰС˵̽ˣȻΪ˻ûףӢҪ̽϶Ҫװӵġ
һ뵽鰴糣Уֳ;еĻŭţ֤ѽ򫲻Զˣ˵ǸٽƺҲ
ĿΣҲܻ磬մദӦøȤҪС˵˵Ǹ޹ȥԴӹҲ
ֳûע⣬ԼЦͬ˻һ㣬ڸӢ˵Ľ򫿴ʱûкӢĵˡ
Ӣ˵򫣬ҵδԺҪһӣ˳ȻҪġ
Ŷǿˣͻȥɡ
Ӣ
ӢҲԼļƽϵģ̫ƴĴҵ̫ӣΨ̧ϾԼδҪ˵⾩ﻹ˭̫Ӷ˱ᣬҲǽˡ
׮һֱŲǵ鿴ˣϣ׵ʱ⣬ƫƫǲ顣
Ӣţʾãýı뷨Ӣ뷨ΧӣҲã̫ҲãǼλӣֻҪ΢ʾãἫķԼ
޷ӦӢĶ˶ţˡ
һֱֳͬӢ˵һˣôͲ֪һŮ?  ˭޸ǰ˱ùˡ
ȻֳͻȻ뵽һ⣬ողŵĽǰ㶾࣬ӢԸٸһλȻǲܵѽ
Ӣ˭С˵ڣǾǵ͵Ůò˫ȫƿɰʹһĴڣֻҪ˶ᰮ޿԰Σ̫Ϊʲôô޽򫣬ΪȢ̫ˣԼСӢ
Ů̥߱ѡ罭㣬οίԼ
ôˣûӢûһôֳһʶ⣬ûӢĽ򫣬϶Ȥ֣ᱻ檣Ȼֱᷳ죬ûκδڸеĹһ
һ뵽Щֳ;ؿڱܡ
ʱֳһӾʹ˻ȻѾˣûдˣקֳĶҲǺ硣
ĻǺ֮ǰһůͬʵţ˴ȫУȵĺͷϡ
ֳ̧ͷ򫸩ĿղſӢ۾һʻࡣ
εüۣƯŮӣǸͦıӣԳӵӢʲôʱƯļ촽ֳ֪˫סʱȻļ¡
̫˧ˣɫסֳʶ˽촽Ŀⰵ˰ֳ˹ȥ                        
лҪ˵ڰ˵ǰдˡ

 17 

ʮ
Ȼϲֳĥǣȥ˾˽Сľݡ
䲻󣬵涫һӦȫһŴ豭ܡ
ֳûӦͱ򫱧뻳Уվ˹ȥһҩζǲţֳûпܡ
ȻΪֳ½򫣬ͬǽ򫶯ʱּ¼µʵţп޿޵ݣʹһ۶Ŀ
һˣ㡣
ֳԽǰû̸Ҳ۸ֵ͵ԭйأٳб֮⣬ɷǸΪڵӡ
ֳǻججģͻȻ͸оĹ򣬰ͷ˽ȥɴ۾򫰵Ŀ⣬һ̲׵ľˮƽȴӿϢ
һ˲ķֳֿȥܿͲҪǼ޸ˣΪᶪףҪ֪ɻûŮˣʲôˣһ˻ͻͣ
Ǿǽ쿴ǰ㣬ƺӢȤȻʹ˻ǻףϾڹŴΪҪľŵԣӢβϲҲܿ塣
ο޸򫣬Ҫί̫檣һö˶˵ĵճС㣬Ƕô벻Ż檣һǺͽ㹲һ
뵽ЩֳͳĲУѵҪ᣿Ҳûôıѽ
ǶǺ飬ҪĻǲμͻ飬ֳСİԼļƻ˵ˣ磬Ҳ֪ߵѾӶûģߵķ괺ͲͬǱԡȻûף²׵档
򫶨ĵĿֳΪոռҵǹ촽Ļ󣬿ʮֵˣֻǽĿȴǲ̫ÿˣĿģڰ
ֳԼǵƻ񱻽򫿴͸ˡ
һ̣ȴҲȥ㲻¡
ֳ
***
ͻÿһΪʢϯеѫǶˡ
лбŮӵ黭飬˶ᣬҪ֪ʱͷھдʣδŮӣʾ֭׼
ʵӣС߻Ӻ̫ӻڹ˻Ѿȥ˷أֻǰ㣬Ϊĸ᲻ãʵ־òߵģھǿۡˡ
̫νĸֹ֬ʲôʱĶׯÿ˸ʺ趨ʡ֮⣬Ҫչ˶ಡĳŮʵմΪĽѡ
Ůİѹνļ򣬼¶ƣ̲ס˵ͻ磬ҪҪȥɿһ£˲ȥ֣
νԼŮʱȻûӢǰ+3+6
3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
̫˵Ů̶ֵʺﲻǸ˼Ǳ֯ĹƷӣū澽ҹƣҲܴϡ
νĬ£˵Ѷÿң
첻㣬һֱǿҩţ΢һЩȴ벻ˡ
ν룬ֵһЩ͹ȥһЩ
̫ӵĲǰͺ̫ʶ빬һҪã̫˳֮һֱЩѻһֱڰο
̶˾ȥ˿ֻⷿǵŻɫЩˣνʵôˣ
̶һŹ˵Щ̫͵ȥˡ
̫ŵָױ۶ȴƺ޸оȴǰׯֻоۼűһŭ⣬ͻȻݺݵƿһԵĳųڵϣѵ
࣬㲻Ҫ̫
̶һǰ̫ȣɫɷ׵˵ôֱ̫ӵµ䣿Ҫ˴ȥûʺ֪ЩŬ׷ˣ
̫Ļָ˹ֻϻЦ˵һõӣƷ԰ܻ֮ˣܿΣҲֲñ¸Ϊ谮ү
̶Ѿŵʲô˵ˣ̫ѹ̫ãһū澵ȴû취һ㡣
һ̫ɫŻ˹ڸ̶˵ʱǸׯ̫Ǳ̶ղģ̲סЩη塣
̫ΪӢ̫̫Կ
̫ŷ⣬ʵ̫Ӳܳ裬ڻʵ۵ﻹү̫ӵλΣ̫ҲܼѣҪ˵꣬ûá
Ů˾εĺޣҲšɷ򣬱ϾԼһٻϡ
᲻һ죬̫Ϊס̫ӣӢ빬                        
лҪ˵£ȥһ죬ʵûдˣҪ£ǧ֣

 18 

ʮ
ֳнһͬȥԳݣȻһִʱ򣬻ǹѫҵ߰˰ˡ
£ķ飬һĵƵĺӣϲŭŵĵʮֵӺݣڴͣˣϾͰѿи˴ϱϣ˳
ⲻ𣿻ˡЦݿ䣬ϲ˵Ǻˣͻ磬ǿǸҳԡ
壬Ȼ˺Ϥѵ¶Ц˵ôˣ컹Ƶ߻˵ġ
ЦһͶ˵ֳЩԨԴŮ
ԭǱС㣿˺ͰЦţ˵ߵģһ˶˿žͻϲ
ʵֳЩϲͣƴСһ˫ڰ׷۾ʪģΪʲôʪŮĽָ촽һ򣬾Ī
ȻΪֳ崿ûкĵʣЩϲЩĴŮӣ˶̫ν塣
ȻģǾͲһˣϲϲҪӡ
ˡֳԭ骵ĸ磬ҲӦǸʮ־ģôͽ̳һ
ܿ˾Ϳ˸˺Ľ򫣬΢˻ڣüΣ߱Ǳһ߳ͬڲ࣬Ӷȥ
Ҳˣ˵ȻЩԾǿ޵ǲ֪Ƕˣ˵ӽ˷ΪһʹͣԺԴ鷿
Ҫ֪ʹǹеҲܴ鷿д̿ͣȻҪ⡣ȴǲֱͬ嵶鷿˵ʵ۶ĶѾ˿԰еĵز
ЦЦ˵˳Ӹˡ漴ֵҽ˼Ҫڼһ£˵ǱƵξͳɢɢ˵⻰ʱ򣬴˼ 
˵ӴСǳسȣҼҵ骶֪ģûʵʵʱһҲðúѧһѧЩ
ֱʲô
骽ɧĴһɫŻۣϵ滹µңһɹӵͷЦʱŮע⡣
˿骾ͷۣ⺢Ӳ֪˭ϲ黨ǲݣŪõû˵һźʵ£мҵ׵ƲϾǴӣԼ̳оλȻ󻹲Ŭ飬ԼҪ˵⡣
ЩССŮƲϡ
ôһ룬һȥֳȻЩģȴǼõģӿҲ󣬻ߵˣҲ
֪ӣֳܰȻϿȢ͵ںס
ֳˣϾ۹۱ǣǹģʵʵվţý򫲻ˣܸоԴֲ͵ɫ
ֻôЦô飿ղŻǿͿģͻȻͱˣ
뷨⺰骸ֳֻûһģԿͿĴк
ţŮߣϾԺֳʵʵĸȥԺǰƺչ˽骣Ҫķ
ֳľã骰ĸ쾡¡
һŮУΪڵľӢƯҲãҪ˵ʮвŻǸ²ż汸ŮӣȺиܻӭ
ֳӦһЩˣϲЩҲǿţֳˣȥ᷿ЪϢ
ֳҲȥȻǽĻᣬӴЩѫŮӣҪǸȥԵİ׷ѹˣֻӲͷƤƤ
˺æֳ֮ĶϱϾȥǰͷ顣
߿ֳֻһԭأ΢¾ȥҲǳĺˡ
ӢһΧһ˵ԱиĽΣŷɫŮ˵ֳ˵ŮĵǼõģֻϧһЩ
ŮǲƽҵСӢǼΪҪõĹѡ
˰òõʮ£ľļҾߣ۰ǽϹɽˮϰŻƿӦʻϸһţŵĻ
ֳ£Ϳǽϵһɽˮ
ԱһˣӢֵĿֳ˵ǰµĻ
ֳ֪£ǰĻңֻϧǰʵһĻ࣬Ѿһˡ
ôĻ
ֳЩĿ⣬Ӣ⵱ȻǷƵģ漣ڿⷿšֵֹϲ
ֳҾơ
Ӣ˸߰ĵ˵ͷ˵Ҳڡ
ֳӢռ˹Ĺ£ȻӢ̬ưǲò˵ԭдǰ㣬ȷʵǸʵĲŮ
ֻӢһ̬Ϊʲôûеɣ
ֳԼĿɻӢˣϼʮֵˡ
ȥ̽ӣں档
ֳŻȻ򣬸æ͵ҵӶ˻԰ȥһͿˡιʲôû
Ӣͷ˵ԭҲҪ㣬ƢʵǲġӢСҪ÷Ҫ꣬ٱһǱһԼδһ뵽ЩĺȦ˵Ҹ˵ҪŻ£ȴǲȻŭ˵Һ֡
ֳ
Ӧʮĸ֮ý֮ԣҵȿ׸ıġӢֳ˵
ȵȣ⻰ʲô˼
ӢߺֳϸĥӢʾѽͲǻȥӡΪʵ͵Ļ᣿
ǲϲѵ˵˻Ϸֳ£һ뵽ֿԾ̲סĻŭţӢ˼ˡ
ֳֻҪӢûзǾͻͷһ
ܿ͵ͻʱҲˣֳȥĺ԰
ÿԶгһЩλֻͷֳͻȻڰϿһϤĺӡ
ֳĸһöһӣͶʱֳó͸
һĶϣĸ׵Գ
ֳԾĲΪһǸָ
ԭ˵Ӣһαдʣõӣϲνߡ
νΪ̫ϲõ鳹׺ڻˣʱûָԸ
ڵǣⶫԭӦֳɣ                        
лҪ˵ʳˡ  

 19 

ʮ
ΪҪ˿ͷкӶǴ򿪵ģֳһöһӲõģȴΪǸּϵϸ£ֲ˲ϵĲ㣬ǸŴʣҲʮֵƯ
ֳٸнһܴĽָֻҪõ˱֤ͿﰲȻĴʱͲȥɫˡҪõͷ̸ף
һαԵУҪŮӵ黭ֳȻҲѧǳڣرﻹиǲŮƺӢŲϺš
ֳ˳ֳĿ⿴һۣ漴ü˵ôóˣ⻰ֵġ
һȥϾˣֳ͸ļʱԼջֳģҲ˵Ժֳ޵ʱڻȻˡ
ūˡǰ˿ⷿζ򣬵ʱͰεһԣҸطһæˣʱ׼ͷѾȥⷿȴһԼҲûǡȴ
ǲô˵ȻѾˣûƱأûþûãҽڵˣȳϳϿҿҵϴ
ȥ췣ȻһԵ˵ǳĶôˡ˵ŴһӣһټƷ˵滻ɡ
˵ȻΪѣЦ˵һͷֵġ˵žͰ˸
ԭиûдΪʲôλֳָ֪ôˣ벻ǣȻʹľҪѶһʱжĲС
ʱһŮӵҪʲôȻѶóͷûеջȥɣ䲻˵λֳŮԼҲңѵ׶һ
Ǻ൱ŮӣһǳɫĽ֯ӣӺݻ
˿ˣпһģ˲Ǳˣǰ׸״˵Ķϱء
Ϊжи֣ǳ൱ҪãֻǺ֪ôͷĿˡ
شԣֻҪͬʱ뵽ˣȻ¶ˣӦ꣬⼸굹Ҳƽ˾
ⶼȥ˺ǶѾɼˣѾĸ֮ĶԹܸǷһˣ˵ԴӰ׸ϴӳ׼Ҳǰˣػһ㣬˭֪Ȼôһ͸ȼһըˡ
ˣЦ˵׷ˣνĲͷȻͶ˵˼ֻҲԷóģҪǲԸ⣬ҲջȥҪǴҺͺġֵ׷ˣôҼӣ˳˳İͻȥ
Ѿǿ˼ˣϳһ£ֻǿŵȻݾһ˵ʲôںʵȴֶΣǰǱƭˡ
պһĻᣬôŹ˦˵֣˵ҪҼǵûĻֳ߰˰ɣЩ˼ңŮɶҪú࣬黭Ů춼Ҫ¹ġ˵¶ֳɫ˵ѵ⺢ߣֻΪ˲úȴûĽ̵
˵ŮʵҶֳ֪ǰ˸Ӵŵݣ£ȱٳԵžͲˣѵܵ׹Ů
ˡ
ĲᣬɫʱͲÿˡ
ô鲻ұȣ
Ц˵⺢Ҳʦ̵ģʲôұȵģȻתͷֳ˵úӣ£ƽʱôͽôӣҲһֻҪЩ֪ô̵ľС
˼ǣںɼֻҪ¶ѧЩˣҲ׼ϵ
ӣԻҪ⾩Уһеġ
ֳ
ֳȲμ˱ԡ
ʱ˶ˣȻҲоеӣֳ㿴һۣͿ򫣬ȻעⶼѣɫһֱģһޣΧˣли۵Ļӣֳ̳ԭļ䣬֪ӡ
ԶԶԽȺĿһۣ˼Щζ
Ȼ˽򫻹ˣ骣ֳȻմȻһ𣬼Ҫμӱԣ̲ס˹𩻹֣ܿסԼմλεĵˡ
һ˫ĿǵǣǸմ峺׵ĺˮ̳ıʯ͸
ӢվֳԱߣЩ߸ϵ˵Ӯҵġ
ֳ
һֳѾֹ˻˵ղū⹫ӺչӣǶ˵Ҫ㵣ģһʫʫѾˣ㰴Ȼֳһֽ
ֳˣǰһֱ˼ֱǳ²࣬ǽȴǾ
ֳ߸˵ˣЩʵôˣ£
Ӹף˵ո׳ģûһʱ򣬵ףԴӻ˹Ŀ࿴ӵļ򵥺õȴĵģ˵϶ʡ
ԭֳ֪ڳԺѵã٣ҲһѺ֣⻹˵ӻʣͿ϶ġ
ȻЩ֣Ǻԥˣ漴ϸϵףȷʵǲѣһſʼ֮ǰ༸ӦþͿˡ
ЩֳͻȻʱ˶Ҳһ£o(st)o
лҪ˵

 20 

ڶʮ
ѫЩȦ˵󲻴˵СҲСҪͷҲһ׵飬˭ҵŮ˭ҵŮв飬ֻ˭ҵŮӺãʵҶ
Ҳżм˽ǿŮ֮ģҲƲʲô
ֳһӵĹŮǣһģɫǵģôκҪԵĽŸС
һ׵ӵŮ˹ֳ˵ԴӢʮһͲμӱԿʼûӮǶϰˡ
ֳ˾֪˭ˣͬһ˫һ۵Ů磬骵ã˵СŮǼеóġ
黭뿪ʼ٣ֳڽ٣ΣһͰˣӣȴ죬Ůഺ;֮ȣϾ׼򵥣ľԣȴǳС¡
˵ǰ㣬϶ʵġ
һľӢһµѣҺɫȹݣȻûǿ;ѾĿˡ
ӢȻ׼úõһģѡѵһӣ׼ַ쾡¡
֮Ц˵׳ˡ
¶ɫЦ˵ιĵǲ˫˵¶ʮ·ݣǾǰˡ
ȻǸ˵ģһֱöӽ̫ѱʲô鶼Ǻ࣬ȱٸ飬һڵĶϱһԣҲĳɳ
̫μͻ磬ԱߣӢͷӣΪȴǵġ
½мŮǰݣ۲ջòǲӢȻǱˡ
ŵֳͻȻͽھ˵λãҲŰ˷ʡһγ
˵ҲǾŮӣ֪ôȻ㲻ܲ˵ļȫȻԺദ
ǾҲûص䳰ȷ˸һ裬ŮŮսսģע£ĿİͰ͵˵Ƿ˵ֹҪˣǸѹġ
ҲŮ̵ֳȴûģֻҪ֤Լûпֳһ̣ԽȺΪҪϳŵһֱֳЩڵţԼӦö⺢ӸһЩġ
ǲô˵ֳټֻǹȥ̸ʲôڡ
ؼƵĻûб׵ֻƽ˵лǷ˷ˡ
ԱྩѫӵΧۣһʼӢٵʱ򣬽򫻹ںȲ裬۾ˣ̲סָӢ˵ιǲò˫ȫ
ͳףӶܴˣȴɵģ˵򫣬޸ˡ
һֱڿֳķ򣬿ϵú˱ץʱֳһţ˾˵˻˵
Ҳôŵʱ̲סһЦ
ӣø첲ͱͱ骣˵骣ƽʱϲ򻨴й֪޲ۣɲܶι
ֳӢһӾΪڿֳ
˵ڿֹǵһβμӱ԰ɣҲ֪᲻˵ȥ򫣬ȻĿģ¶ֲ
˵򫣬ǵıãҲûãǱȲӢġ
ֳٺ棬ȺҲЩţйһӣ
ֳ͵Ȼ죬ǻĵĵӣŮһഺ
ֳܻ꣬һɰֳȿ˵Լдģ˲𡣡ȻڿֳԽԽ⣬ǸϲԺֵģϲ٣ֳȻⷽ츳˵ʲˡ
ֳ˿ԼһʱЩ顣
Ȼһˣۿˣֳ˵ãټȻС߳򵥣ȴʮֵöв顣
ԭҪЦģȴǼֳȻһԼдӡ
ҧгݵ˵ٶѣ滹кüأ
ֳ˻ȥ˶˹ԭʶҲʼһһԼҪֳϹϵֳЩܳ
ӢҲ˹Ȼ˵ӲһӮǺɾ˵׼ˡ
ֳ 
лҪ˵

 21 

ڶʮһ
Ȼʣ²ûǴҶѾˡ
ȻһʤֳЦŶӢ˵궼һһȴҪøֹˡ
ټҪôԵģ򵥵ĵдӣǿʮѵˡ
ȻҪԭΪÿ궼ӢʤѾЩƣˣֳһСһһӾôǰһһӡ
ӢǴȣ˵ֹϸʤ
̲סĵͷһԵ˵ҿҪĽˣδĶϱǫѷŮҲǶŶգҾһŮ˴Ӿûһʡĵġ
һˣβסãü۶Ц⣬ȥֳǳС۰ˡ
骿ֳʤ̲ס¶һĨЦ͸оһתͷͿ򫡣
ȻЩ飬֪˵ʲôӴֹ֮գ˷ܵסĸõĶ˵򫣬һñȲӢҲƯˣ˭֪Ǹò˫ȫģô˻û
һָͷ˵ٴ⡣
ϰ˽䵭һҲں˵ʣҪǶ׵Ҳ£ûж׵Ļȥ׵Ҫ̤żˡ漴ֲһ䣬룬հμӱԣžΪҸ˼ҰɣӦûжס
Ӹûע⵽˵һ䣬ɫͶһ֡
е㵣ǵۻڿӣս׽ʱĺһʱЩ£˵£˵ӣôͲϣҲñͷҪүȥѵһ
һ⻰Դ˵Ҳ㲻常ôģô쿴Ҳ˳ۣ
ʫĻڣһκȥһҲԻΪһʫ䣬ӢһαȽϽȻ֮ǰ뷨Ƿãд˳
ֳûκεԥֱӰմʫȥ
մһֱЩΪͽкһʼֻΪ˸δĴ˸ùϵȻҲɵģȻû˵ֳ֮䶨飬ǵʱѿɫȻʶֳһŮӣǼĹŮһСھѰ֮ĹϵȻ򵥣˵Ǹֵˣ֮Ůµľǲ꣬ڲ
һͺڵĲУԺ漴ʹʮҲŸֳп˿϶ϵԼ
һȾ͵ȵһͻ磬Ϊܻϧ𩣬ܽ
һжֵãմֳµְĽ֮鼸ѹֲסˣԭϲŮӣһģò绨˵ټĳڣҲ𩣬дһʫ͸ֳ
ʵֳǳͲҪʫǵסմ˵һֳһʱţأ
һ뵽ֳľأĹŮҪ̧ҪûʤǶôѹ˵ˣֳմʣҲĸҪȢֳ뷨
һ룬͹ʹģմһдһʫ˵մ˿̵ĲУ࣬ǻͦвŵģ˺ܿһ׶ʫ                        
лҪ˵֪٣ǵ+֧ףȻһλð亹дģӦûõ㣬Ҷд㣬תҲע⽡

 22 

ڶʮ
ӢΪһο϶ʤϾֳвŻҲᵽĬĬšһ뵽Į̬ȣΪ֮ŮֱܲˡǱȴֳ衣  
Ҫֳ֤ĳڡ 
˵ǾмλͷķǣȻڡ
ֳûʲô̫ϵʤѾ㣬ʱſֳдʫ䣬һʱȵĲСҲסˡ
մƿǵֳľأҲԵĴʣȻŮ˼дģɷѿˡ
˽һЩѶȻڻ¡
ϸʫ˵Գƣôʼȴ°ʫ
̫Ҳ̲ס̾˵Ȼǳǰˣû뵽лһ顣֪Ϊʲô̫˵仰ﾹȻʹ죬ְӨӨѹĸо
ӢȻвŻǱϾеŮմŮ쵱УǲճڣǺЩ˿๦Ŷ˱һЩ롣
˵ӢɫͬţЩŬ˶ѡ
ӢЩǰ˽̬һЩ̫ѰͻȻһ̲סţѵһˣ
Ӣȥֳɫʹż̽Ŀɻ󣡲ԣ㲻Ҳ϶ֳǼˣ
ֳԼȴܵǱ˸дģ q()r
ŷʱ򣬴ˣΪ⼸ֳ
ƺմһһЦһ˵Ĭ
ֳʤֽһ״ԪٸĸἰҲܸ˳һЩմǣֳڣӦòС˰ɣ
Ʋס˷ܣʹקŽɺ˵ٺ٣ֹе˼ȻʫһֱΪЩŮʫпã˴޲ѣʫǸЩ⾳ҸˣҪˣҪ͸ĸ˵ûѱȱøҰɣˣҸʲǣ֪һϧ񣡡
ѾȥӣҾӼֱ̫ͷ϶Ҫˡ
Ȼܿɺƣɭɭ˵ǰһ˵ѵ֪ǺͺѪȻ
ӽŵʿˮ˵򫣬ҵֵܣֻ֪
򫿴ӷ׵ɫɫڻ˻˵㻹ȥǺãѵҪȱ˸淢㲻ɣ
һӾվҵĹǣ˵˵ǣھȥ°ˡȻһ̵ľˡ
骾ӹһˣ˭֪ȴһӶ˼䣬ͼ˽ƣͷҲصˡ
ƿǲѰԺģǰӸհѺŪۡŽץˣֱӣ̫ˣ
̴ߺ骿ĿĶŵæһ£ǺƤģǱ׽飬ҲûʧǣǿһĨЦ˵үģʲôû
û£а취㡣
Żûнɲ飬ջʵ۶谮žǽɱ˲ɱˣҲֻ취ƺѡ
û̫á骿ʼϡ࣬үҪҡ
СµĴ
һ٣ѽЦȴһɰ˵˵ǣҲû뵽ᣬͲ̫ˡ
򫣬
ֳʤ˶۾ȥӢͬζӢʹεҲסˡ
ӢӣֳЩ飬ϾԼĳɹ漸϶ӮӢҲѹ˰ɣ
ôһ룬ֳ;ˡ
ȻҲʤʵҲû취˵ˣȻǸһҪ
ŮˣŮΪҪĲգȵľɣЩС㣬˶ǴСʦѧģȻǺʵ
ֳŮҲһȣѰˣһȻܣӮľȻӢһյǵŮӣܶŮһιҲ׼ھҸżҵġ
ֳŲܸԭ鵱Уֳһ־ͱ׽飬Ȼ󱻽۶˫ȣĵȻǱˣûϷݶһβձԵУӢ޵У
̫Ϊס̫ӵģ̫Ӹ
ҲǸ̫ס̫ӣ˳ӣ⺢̫֣̫Ϊˡ
̫׺ڻ÷Ŀɳ˺Ӣ
ʱԭʱֳα޳ֶܵθˣŮֿɺޣӢмƣȻҲ̫ѡеԭͻ⴩Ӣ·ױӢֵˣԼϯ̫֮ӺΪӢ
ֳҲں棬ӢʤһΣҲǲˣֳӢ¶һĨЦ
ֱ˼ʤΣӢΣֳȻҲΣʣһĳա
ڴСԣҪ³ҲҪȻû취ϴָˣҲһͻݵ
ȻⶼϵĶʵܰЩѧȫҲ٣ֻǻмѡ
ֳԭϣģھȻһλᣬİûУϲԣҲмо
ⲻԻЩԲԼ
ȻҪгԱ߿յϴʮڹʱһʮʹá
ǶһεıԣɲҪʤҲҪմȾζ
һεıҲ˼ǵı⿳գҪõҪʳģʳҪеæ
Ц˵ԹŮڣҵʳؼŮ⿡
ʵһֻˣȻŮĿŵУϾĿҲżһҲȤʵҲûǰظ
Ծǣʳİڰϣе˾ͿߣȻֹıԣյĿĶΪӮʳġ
½½ĺԼ׾еø磬еǵܵܣǵĹѫȦӾôøֵܾδȵȣ뻹ЩЦ
ֳһʱܺ˳˽ûˣǽԸμֻ
ֳ߹ȥʱ򣬽˹ĺȲ裬ֳҲģһӡ
ֳýЩĪôǸСһͲˣһ뵽ԼдʫҲãҲã͸ģЩ飬ԴͶ˼ġ
磬Ұɣ
ֻûֳվԭأίƽʱˣĿ֮£Ҳ̫ˡ
ôһ룬ίҪˣĳˣ۽ǹ飬ҧ´ˡ
Զմ𩿴ˣֻ޲ܹ潪򫣬ֲܣֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
մæʧĸͣѽҲǿ
˴ĳֵĬ
骾ӦðԼժǵģǿֳСֳܿˣС꣬޹ǣȴֻƱ䣬һС죬ƭ˵ʱ۾գģҲĵʱ
骱ûУŮģ̲ס˵үҪǲ㣬үȥ
Ȼ骾յ˽עӣŵֱӸ˻ͻȻұҲڱԣ϶ҪˣȥȻһˡ
ֳ
㻹е
߰ɡȻվбֳվŸҪҰ㣿
ģֳʱΪЦ¶ĵЦ˵ôϢ
ֳûע⣬չȥҪ˵ΪϲˡȻֳȻˡ
֪ӵƢ֪϶ֳ׼ˣת˺üСžˣŸɴС骳ȥæһת۾Ϳֳͽ˳
ʲôʱ򽪳ӱôˣȻ֪űã                        
лҪ˵ǱҪ׷޻᳡
öˣע⽡ǧðˣ

 23 

ڶʮ
һʳ˰Ӻ档
ֳϸ˿һʮӣһ⣬ڶ¹⣬ǹ㡭½ģһʮȫࡣ
ˣ¹ǲǾɣϲ㣬㻹õĳֵġ
һЩбǴһӾǰһ֮ǰĽ򫻹һĹģżУżֳֳ·սӢ˲Ľ˲Ŀ
ֳճյĿӣλϲĿ⣬Ӳɫ˼֣߹˵죬ǿˮ
ֱֳɫˣ
ӢҵİҾ˾质ĸߴʵüĿģʮֿ˹ϵȦȦǱס
ӢҪ˾质һ磬ֳλ˵˾Խĸ硣
һͱˡӢŵ˵
˾质һӾͺˣ˵˵ʲô֮仹˿˵Ҫĸʳġ
ӢҪ㣬ǵӡ
ģһõ˾质˵
һҲԼ׸־־ڽʵһǳⱼ;ЩŵĹӲͬĿź䲻Ĳɣ
־˵ãҪʲôʳģ
£˵µӰɡ
С
̫˲ˮ˱ߺű˵е飬ҪʼˣԱ˴չʵǿһ˭ʤ
϶СɣȲ˵վտõʲôʳĶζҾ˾æҲ֪Ҿûһղģ϶ûܱȵùġ
˵׼ǻү
ɫױӵķ˵ͻȻʶ⣬⽪ֳδӢΣ
վԲ˵ǱԣҾһֶѣô˼ɣ
̫ԼԽԽˣվֳȻøĳ죬ԭҲ˶Ӣԡ
˵Ļϸ͵˵˵ǱԣǴһСһ¶ѡ
ڣǵѫȦҲô󣬴Ҷתתģҳæ˶ǻʶմ״ʣǰѽķͷѹ
Ȼֻڱ֮ǰ
ܿԾͿʼҪǩ˭ģǽб˵ҪƷ
һӣ˭нְߣ
ֳһԣҪ½ľֱӰˣ޳̶ܳȣ
û飬Ͼ˭ｪ򫡣
򫳤վţóȥʹӺаģϲֹʳ⡣
չ涨ֻҪ˰ľͿʳġ
ֳҪɣ
ûԥ˵ڶֻʹӺаģϲֹʳ¹⡣
֮ǣϲֹʳġ
һеʳĶֳһ˰е඼ˣ붼û顣
ֳ˼ӸµĿȻһĸ߸ϣǸڴСʲô˼ѵõĿ佱
ֳҪԹĺȥϾüЦķ磬̫ˡ
ŮЦӯӯģʮֵ
ɫ̲ס˶˼ַâ
ֳȴ˵磬Ը˲裬ȡ
ӢĶţýҲ̫һЩ˱ϾǶ׵ģֳ⣬ϾֳǸŮΨһиľһ磬ǰʳĶǼ˼
ôҪѹȥȻֳ̧
Ȼأ
ѵͰͨͶϣһǽֳͷ
뵽ܣӢ侲Խ򫱾ʹŸӵжδΪ߳ŭĺ⡣
ԣӢԼĲ²ˣΪʲôûҰ̫۸㽲ȻΪԸģͬи⣬Ľ㲻
ڶ䣬˿ɶԸƷˣ½ְеʳĶӮˡ
һҲһʮӣʳ߲ࡣ
үʹд·ֻܲܿȥȻÿҪˡ־ҵ죬Ȼ˵
УβƷ
Ҷһ򫵭˵ղ˭ӮĶ࣬˭
־ң                        
лҪ˵

 24 

ڶʮ
ֳһֱ֪ӰԵΪңû뵽˾Ȼ޵زתһ룬˵ɡ
߲ˣⶼ޹أֻԼԸԸ⡣
ȻûаսȥŪΪһԵʶԼӦø¹򣬲Ȼӣû취ˡ
Ȼÿֻж䱾ͱһѣټֻǸϼˡ
Ȼ˹أΪ˰򫣬һϳԭǸܣԺעҪϵλˣЩЩ˵ЩѣǶǾ֮͡
ֻһ鷢˰ģֳԥ񽪳ͶȥݵĿ⣬˵磬ǲǺ·Ȼ˰ģ
Ȼû˵ҲֳͦĿ⣬ֱ̬ͦưĶֳ˵Ҷûôġ
ֳ
ֳõһ񣬻лƹϡ
Ӣõ̶ѿݿˣҲ½½õʳģҲòģϾѵ䣬ֻ
˵Ļˣֳʳ࣬˸㽴ţ⣬⣬¹⡭һƹƬ⡣
ӢֻˣʹվտɸΪ֮ҲǺε顣
һˣǸֳʮشĲȣȻǱȲϵġ
һջڣֳʤˡ
ֳûԼȻʤһʱЩţȴԽԽ⣬ֳⷴӦܴӿɰ
ֹлλ˵ķġ˺ͰЦ˵
ҲǳĸˣϾֳ֮ǰûôǣֳλķǵлӢûж룬ϾӢ궼ʤʹ겻ˣҲܷĳڡ
˵ֳʤˣĳ֮ܺŮӢȣزôСɣ
ѹûЩ߸˵ĴֳķĿޡ
ӢȷʵǷǳȻҲǺںַܶõһҲ䲻ľǽ̬ȣװںεأ
˾质һֱСŻʹߣԵĸоӢʧ飬οãֳǸŮʤֻ˵ǺôҲܸȲǣĪҪѹˣȻʵܡ
ֳ̧ͷ˾质ϸİοǱ飬޲ðһˡ
һһЩţڵģҲֻǸ 
ֳõǸһӵʱȻǼΪ˵ģⲻԭҪǣһָ
ָӹã
ӢڹŮǹأֳӢ鵭ģ֪ﲻˣΪ֮Ů⻹һγʧܵζ
ӢǺзȵģ̬ʮϣֳø˵лιҽӮҲң˵Żģ黭Ů죬ͨģҲιˡ
ֳֺ˵ʱĨһģžʮֵȻ⻰Ӣɫ˼֣¶ԥɫ˵ֹҲҪԷƱˣʫѾʮֵĳʣôǽң
ӢԭֹŮ֮ףô˻඼ԥˣҲ׷׵ĹޣһʱֳķͷҲѱȡ
ҲȺУ˿ֳ䣬ȴûκε˻ԭǱ߹ģ˼ʵȻӮΣֲֳиȻˡ
һŮγڣụ̂Щ˵һǴ
ֳоͿȺеЩįһ뵽Ժˣ֪ôͬʱԭʱʵһҰ޿ɺǣ˭ҪõԨǸսܵ飬ް취ֻ̫
˼һһжûǰǸΪ˵ó費ֶε淣һո뾩ҪΪҸŵŮѡ
ֳЦ˵޼ҽɣղǷãΩΩФģ˵һһ
һʱ˵ĿⶼϣЩܳ˸˵лֹ弲֮
ӢһҲ˵Ļм
ֳӢȻС˵еŮȻŮȴǸƵ裬ʹ˱ԣʹﲻҲеʣȴȥΥĵ飬侮ʯ
̲סӢһЦ˵ιﲻǴҳ֮㣬ܱȵġ
Ӣֳһ죬ûʹǱѹȥѣȥֳ˼ϡ
ĳԳԺȺȣͻĻˣӢܿͱ˴ӵȥ˱ȥʧҲܺھеĵλ
һֱֳߣǸϻ۵ģ֪ղֳǻֳ̧֪ǸŮţͬĸоԭʹϻ쳣ȻҲôķ
ֳĲ̫һһʼֻͬǽӴŷ֣ڱ߹صĹһż̲εģ˼ҲھеĹŮǴ󵨣˵иڣǿȫζܵСƵģҺͽ͵͵ܹȥ档
ĸ׳ĮһӾǺ˵ĵ̣Ϊѵĵط
ֳĽĲУ˵ȥ
˵ͺˣЩŮֲعصΪֳȻ¶۵̬ܸˣգޣֳҵ˷ɵĵط
ֳԽ̸ԽͶȻĸо
ɫϻиŻƵĻֳȥ᷿ЪϢ˯һɫѾȫˡ
ѾŻƶЦ˵ֹϲĸ
ҲˣӰЦ˵Ъһȥɡ漴ֵҪǿ磬Ҫơ
ֳƸͳ
һᱡıɫɴȹ˺϶ģԵʮֵֳһɫɴȹȹ̶ƣ֮羫һ鶯
ɺÿ
Ҳǡ
˻വҲʮֵĿģһź߶ȥһ·ĹŮǣԴкŵ˺ȴһ¥
ֳиӴźɫĽп䳤ۣ̬ѵڴϣһƺ«۾ǳ
ʵĵƹ£һòĻǡ
ӿֳư˵ôȥôã
˲Ǳǽ򫡣
лҪ˵VŶ

 25 

ڶʮ
ֳ, ˷ֿ֮ǰֳŽ, ˵ܿͻ, ˭֪ȥ᷿ԭҪЪȻȴǲţó˸ڵķҲ˯һ, ֳһ, ٣ôһ˯ڡ
Ž򫲻õĿ, ֳӷɿת, Ͼͺ嵽, 磬ҪźЪ, ˡ
߻ҡ
硭
򫲻ͷ˵, , ϴɣ
֮ǰ˵, ֪˾Ǿİ, ĸ, һܵһȻ׵һϣûˡ
ĿüΣ߱ǱǾµıŮӻҪ, ȴƫƫΪȻ̬Ӣ˲֮
Ҳвٹӣƫƫڲһ㣬˵Ĺâסˡ
񿴵֣们ȥ¶ǽڷ޳ָϾ͵ͷȥˡ
ҹɫ̫ˣԶ֪ĵ¹ܣӳյһжʵġ
ֳ˴ְҲ˴
Ӣ綼ڴϣΪģȻǷһ˼ģԭ껪ּϻװ磬ͬһ財
ֳȻҲģȴӢͬʹ˵ҲҪ˺ǻͬչȻ
֪˭һʱٻɫĿƣֳֻĲġ
񺰵ŵˡ
ֳԼҪںϣЦ˵ҪԸ
Ӣһ÷ƣ۾˵ʲôӨļӳٺɫĵ£飬ֳ˶ճţһʱ֪뵽ʲôȻźȥ򫻹ڴϣžƺ«̬⣬ĿȴǶ
һͷ˾ȻôһֳۣҲ֪ôʶľҪֺãĵЦЦ
£ǶȴĸӦĺһ㡣
ֳ˵ƣԶ㼯һĻǣֻûƽֹԽõһ˰ɣ
***
ֳȥ֮ϴϾȲİһ˳ȻһСָһѪϣȻ䣬Ӿɢҫ۵Ĺâ˲ͻָԭɫͺղһĻǻþһ㣬Ȼһɫһʹӻ
ֳһӾͽסȻ˿УζŨһζûʲô͸ˡ
ÿһһÿգʣʳпζͬҲʳߵʣҩﶼߺܴһصҩԡ
ʵ۲أ̫üһҩȶסʵ۵Ĳ飬ΪûʵԽϱ˴ҥԣΪ̫˸壬ס壬Դס˵λ
ֻϧڽ򫼸Ǳֵǰ棬һνıֵһᡣ
ⶫҲģһʼֻܵһһŵȼߣԵĻ꣬ڼãֻһ
ֳԺԿ¥ֻ֬ҲУָͲǮˣԺȻôô
ʵӴʼֳһֱ£ý򫲻ˣǱ˷һ̣õһӿʼȻޱȵİ
ȥţǾ֬ӣϾ¥̫ˣ׬ĶǮһÿֻһ䣬Ҳܶ
֬ˮ۾Ͳֻͬһܸߵļ۸
ʱֳӶýָ֪һαԣѾո¶ͷǣ˶˴ֳ
ȻֳĳҪܸߵŵǲ̫ܵģǴһȵĻϣģ޸С骡
ԽԽ⣬⺰˶ӹʵ˵յεҲ֪Ҹ
̫ʦϣץϳԣϺõϣΪӦͻģ֭ˮ࣬顣
˵骵ģɲ̫ÿƫƫȴĪѵĸоСŮĻĺãȻʲôÿˡ
ǸʮӣＸӶ˺үر骣ã𣬴Сܳ谮
һ뵽ⶼʮˣûףͷʹˣ˵ܲܺúţû࣬һصӣ
ҲЦãӲ˲֣˵ˣˣ¾˵ɣˣȥϢ
˼Ķ˶ģһöӾ̫ҰҸϱ˵ˣ˭ҵжɲǳףӣſʼ֪ĸ֮
ʱЩϵˣ˿˵ҪȢһ£ʵʵĴ죬ǳ𣿡
˵ǵĹŮ˭ϼңֵͱˣԸĶӣЩŮǵĸ׾ͲԼĹŮһģɵ˲Żͬ
ӵĵһ¾ΪΪ˸ϸ۵ĻˣֵķзŮִס
֮骵ֻԽԽ˵骺ٲһ˽ᣬǿһѸ
ԽԽǻ骵ĺһƣķ޶ˣԼֶ飬ڿ޹ı飬ǲˣ
ϣʹӣ˵˭ϹϰŮ޹
˵簮ӣȻҲ骹߳Ҳˣ˻ȥһڲˮ˵Ϲ˵ǹҲŮձҲƼˣŻ磬ʮòҪǳһ㣬ⱲӾ붼Ҫˡ
ֳҪǲܵģǰЩ覴ããһǸӣôҲԸá
˫һǽԴϲľˡ
ֳ֪ǲܸ檵ģĻҲѾʮ£ӢβԸ⣬϶Ҫס
ҲһֳܶжռǲܺŸɣǰ檣ڻûܡҪµ»ʱͬ檣
ȻʵҪԸҲǲôٵ£ûҪһŮ˶ѣֵԽǣֳ϶Ҫ˳Ѱżˡ
ӾȻûзԣ¶ɫ֪ӻϲֳģʵ˵ӶǿòֳȻЩòֺãֻҪ⣬Ǿ˵ˡ
ҲΪ˶ӻ²ģ
ʵͬ𣿡
˵ʲôͬģʵܶ໰û˵Ů˵޸һӣŸΪҪϾÿնҪţŮլرǶϱҪźŵġ
ҪŲϲŮӼ޹пӹˣϲԺԲơ
ĹϵֻҪֳã¶ͳˡ
𽪳򫻤ֳ̬ԵӡҪֳ֪Ǽ׻ô
֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ɫˣȻ;Īͺ
лҪ˵ͼôˣ


 26 

ڶʮ
Դӵһ, ֳÿվĥôⶫ׬ǮΪԭ, , ֳʲô˼ˣϾֻҪմȾУҷƢԻ˼ڱĵط
ȥ֬ˮ۵鼮, ׼Լоһ
Щ, Ů͹ĵ֬ˮǺ׵, Լŷ, ʵ̫, Ȳ˵ŴЩڼգ˻Ѳдȥ, ֪, Ҳһĺܺá
Ǯֳּĵ, ʲô֮, ̲סʵ, , Ҫʲô
ֳ˵ô֬ôѣ
Ǯ̲ס죬Ȱ˵Ҫϲ͸˵, иˮ̸ĵطרŸ֬ˮ۵ġ
ֳȥ밲ʱͿǸˣ˵˸ֳҲ׼꣬ȣϾͺЩȥĽ裬òˡ
ԴӲμ˵ͻֳ֮͸ᣬǾԼֻԿһӳɳԼĽɵĸо
һԺȽ裬ĺܳȻǲϲȣΪķԸҲҲӡ
ֳ߿Ϳ˵㣬츣ǵǡ
ཱུСС죬ɰĲС
ֳ͵͵Ĵͳһˣ˽˵ԡ
˻ˣƫһ͸ȥȥȽ裬ûôѺˡ
˺ͺദҲǸˣղûüģ͸ˣ
ֳһֺڽҲ˲˼ýҲϲֳ
Թ緹ֳˮ̸飬˵֪ô֬ģȥơ
ŮӰҪԼһ֬ҲǺ飬˵һȥȻ˵Լʱһʼױʱ򣬾;֬ɫʵƯһ㣬ͿĨȥȴŭĵһ㣬Ӻݻ󣬾Ѿǲ˻ĵá
Ҳ֬
һ׵Ľӣְɫɴ£αϣ˵µʱϸŮһȻʱסڹе֬һи̫һС
ֳȻüһһЦŵ壬žΪʲôãӦö
˵ͻȻͣס죬һڲˮͷ˵ˮ̸ڶߣҪȥ͸Ͻȥɡ
һվ˵Ҳȥ
ͷҲ̧˵ˣջҪȥ顣
ʱԴҲ֪˵һֳһţЩģ˼깦ȥ
ǲǾͿȥҳ֬ȥקĸ첲һСŮ̬
Σ˵û취
ֳȥˮ̸طλûͦƫĶǣһˮ˵ô֡
Ǻܺסںӱߵ˶ֵ֪ط곱ʪ
ĹһʮӣֺǾϲ˵֣֬ģϴβ˵¸ã
Ȼۡ֬ʵܶʱǻֻߴӹãȻǱԼҵĺá
Ѿûˮ̸ˡ
ֹҪѧһѧô֬ˮֳֶۡҲʮֿϲ˭͸ֺ˭ǺȻ顣
αҪ˹˵֣˵ҪôģǶ־ˡǹֳأͻȻ洫һ
СıӵɣȻ͵
û͵
㻹ѧ˵ˣ
漴洫ž죬һľĴȻƺߵһŮӵĿ֣ˣСû͵ȥ֬ˣ
ֳСʱһӾʲôȻܿԭиˣ֬ˮ۵ģӢһ飬һΪ֬֬
һյģӢľûвϲһϲҲǺ顣
±֪Ǹ̳ӣҪɱСҲ֪ôˣСӢ£רŸ֬
Сһδ飬ҲֻӢ֬ͦġ
ֳҪ֬ˮ˻ûСüֱүŵĺˡ
ܳһŮЩƣźˣҪˡ
ֺܲˣվסô£
ǹֻӲͷƤ˵֣֪иСίʵأ˲ϣǰȥǮʵǿ
ֿɲЩֻȻ͵˶Ǿ͵ٸȥⳳ֣ʲôӣǾֹˡ
ֳùܵģ˹ĺֹҲһĹŮݣҪǰԼӣǾЦˡ
뵽Լ׬ǮҵǾһ֣˵͵Ҫ֬ʲ֪ˣ
ҪƽʱȻֳģһĹŮֶʲôֳ˵Цģϲ֮Ա
֪˶ڴֳ²þҪ»ˣ˵ʳ֮ңУҲ̫αص
˵ֹ˵ǡȻǹ˵˱ˣϽʡ
С߳ʱϣ϶ˣʱСҲʮӣССģһ˫۾ʮֵĳξǸ˼ĺӡ
һ֪СС͵̬Ҳ࣬ʵЩۣкõģ
ۺͺ֬Ĳϡ
СЩĿ֣ӣֳ˲ĵ˵СǲҪ˲Լ֬£ֻҪ͵ȥֿ϶ᷣġ
СֳһһӶûģĺÿŮӣô͸ŮƵġ
ʱ˵û͵Ҿ˲ȥ֬ŮҪǲţø㿴
Цˣ˵ʲôŮ㣬Сƥĵĵǿ졣
ΪСǸʮͯǳӣ⻰ûֺ͹µ뵽طȥ
ֻǾþһֺλߵķлѡ
СȻż֬ӣǷ㣬Щϡ
ֳЦŶ˵֣⺢ǸģҪ֬ͲãвУ
Ǹ˾һ۾ͿС͵ֳ֮ôЦ˵һȵСͯȻۣͲӺˡ
ֳܸˣõҪ˯ͷ
СС͸ʦѧ֬ˮۣСⷽȷʵֳöࡣ
ֳÿ춼棬ÿ춼ĺܳʵ
ȴûдǵ飬ֳԽԽ࣬һ磬ԭǸֳ˵׵ġ
лҪ˵Ҫҵˡ


 27 

ڶʮ
Ϊ, ڷһסһ, żз紵, ű˾΢һЩ
һᱡĺ䣬ɴ£ֺܺÿ, һ̶, ˵ȵ, ȵ̶
˱, ͬһȦ, СʱҲһˣ˴Ϥ
ٺ, ԼΪ, Ů, Ҳûʱʱ, ȥڡ
Щ, ϳһЩ԰, Ůʱ˸Ϊ˼ãƴ˸ӣȻмСüΣ΢и紵ɹ, 
ԺٳӦ꣬һ˳˵ףýˣɼĳʮ㡣
˺һ̶ֻˬ쳣˵ڿ˰ˡ
˵һ׻˾˵ҲˣҾֱ˵˰ɣǸ׬ýЬġ
⼸죬½½ģյ˲ٵףֳģ˳˵ýֱִʣǶͷһء
ɼӶˣ˵Ǹ
Ůֳֹ˼һƬϳˣ֮Ͳ˲֣ڳˣպ̶ֳ˺ϣѾˣȻȥҪˡ
һң
Ĵˡ˿Ц˵ҿǸƱģ˵һŻ£ɲҪҵӡ
˵Ĺ壬Ҳ֪֮˲ŻôС
Ĭ֪ԥʵ˭ܸˣŷͦõģǸ±ֵַˣ⼸һֱûأڹи׿ʵְۣǱ˾ְ⼸Ҳǽڽڸ
ƫƫǼҵĴȴǸģΪԴףӣŮܲˣףٺֻƵ鲻ϣȴƫƫϾ£Ůģ˭ԸŮ޹ȥ
⼸꣬ˣΪӼġ
һ˼ϣŮӸ̫СΪ˸ʣͬȼŵ˼ֲԸŮ޹
һʼ嫘˵ʱ˵϶еġ˵ֹȻǹŮô꣬˵͸ŮһģǺӵôģͬ⣿
⻰̧ͷˡ
˼˵ֳ⺢ҲЩΣĳǸ߲͵ͲɣЩ֪׵˼ңͼ嫘У˵һֹ缺
֪ģΪԪ֪֮ǰȴ۶һۣʱ򵽵ôģǿġ
ŮҪǲĸȨ죬ҲûãǲҪĸɫӣ
ǺЩô׵ʱ˭Ǹ㺣ɽˣһתۣʲôǸݵģס۾ղ٣λڿһֻۣҪҫ鹣ŮһҲˡ
˵⻰ʱ¶Ī̬֪˼޹ȥʱʮֵĶȴΪõ⣬ϵ檣һⶼɢˡ
ߺһϰ죬ж˵Ļ˳׵ʱ˭Ǻɽˣ
̼ǵʮǰ֪ԼҪӭȢ֪ôˣҹ͵͵˴ֲܽͻֻһԾעţ˯գһϡ
ҪһֽȣͲ֪
ҲǶֻϧ
˵ĶԣֳĳܼһܹŵģΪҫŻˡ
骻ķֻҪжķҲʲô¶ˡ
ҪͬŻ£룬ֳһŮвףҪ뷨
ֳЩӸСԺֺ֬ÿֻһһһһΣʣµĶռ
⻨棬ı졣
ܸоһ⻰ɫҲˣȻǰҲܺãֻԴӳһ֮һЩˣƤͺǰ˿ǵļһĶǽԭס
ΨһЩŵǣҲˡ
ǰֻҪһС룬ȴٻҪӰ룬ʲôȣǾͳԵĸˣһС̵±ӣֱ¶ˡ
֣ԶҲ⣬Ű
ֳƵ֬һƬһų;ͷ֣ЧǳãɫϴЧ
ȥʱ֬Ⱦһ㣬һӾ͵ǴðĻӡ
СĿתĶţŮ㡣
ֳЦˣСԴȻ˵һвø͹ȥԣһɫ
֬ɫɫģģ綹ɳɫٺɫֳԡ
ԭΪֳ֬棬˭֪Ȼˣϵɫ̲ס˵Ǹɵĺӡ
ȴԽϣֳ޵ĺˡ
˵ӦǸĸ֮ý֮ԣ㸸ĸȥ磬ߣĻ¾ֻˡ
Ĵ£һӶǡֳƨ˵
ֳ绨ӣаͷ˵ҲˣΣ
⡭ܸʵϣ
˵оУǰ˵֪ôġ
ֳ˵ʲôܰʣϿǿʵѾˣϾֳͲܷ
˵ʲôʲôȻһ߳ŭĵĲˣĻ¾ʽˡ
ͷװߣ˵ûģȫƾ
ֳ㣬ǸˣǸµĺӣ˵ģһ׼һݼױֵ˸˵ˣ޹ȥίġ
ֳ棬ֻֻŵĲУ˵޸Ҳǲѡˡ
ạ̇̄
صȥҺӣֳʱڽԺǰĹϹź
ϣֳ͵͵ȥСľݵŽ򫣬Ϊ̫ˣ˯˹ȥ˯ƺоڿԼһ۾Ϳ˽򫡣
ȻղźɫĹٷժñӷһԵϣֱӰֳľаԼϡ
ֳߣͽ߲ּϹǼС򫱧͸һСһġ
̾һֳ°ͣĴָĦ޵Ĵ꣬˵ˣ
УȻֵЩ
ֳȻЩֻţһ֪Ҫˣ᲻ô⣿
лҪ˵ǽĸŻһ¡ǡ


 28 

ڶʮ
ֱֳӽ, ¶ڣߵİĻ, ϻŹζ, ʮֺţʵ۰𻨣˲ڹǹ𻨿ļ, ¹ȥմȾζ
ҵĻ, ˵ǡ
ֳССһֻڻ͸Ƶ, ȴ, һ, ʵЩ񫡣
ʲô
ֳЩƵһʱ, һԵĶ˵, ˵ǸҵĴ, ģ
ֳĻû˵͸о򫽩Ӳ, ĦյָͻȻѹĲ, Ȼû, ܹŵֳ˵־塣
ûϢֱӾͿˡ
磬ʲô֪
ֳ޵滨ᣬҪȥϷܵĿ־ͱƳ, ģĵ˿˶Ҫݡ
ֻĵĿ¾ǽ򫣬ûֻĿĿֳ
ܵѹʱЩѹֳ֣ȴԽԽί˵ҽѾʮˣ˵׵ͣʹû磬ôأ
Ĳзģ
ֳĲѪԭ֮ǰȻڣ·ģǾϴνһ뷨ûˡ
磬Ҿô
ֳޣŽ򫣬ȴ֪ӣȴ˳ӵʻһ˫ʪŭʱ򣬾ͺǳУ͸
򫶼Ҫס˫̫ˡ
Ƣˡ⻰ȻģɫԷһЩΪֳܸоѹ֣Ħ°
Ȼ󽪳˵骳ıӵˡ
Ŀ⣬ֳȻЩʼսرӣ骿϶кýˣӷսҲѱֻรˡ
ֳǸģŭԼϾûıס˵磬Ժô죿
ֳ򫣬֪˸ûϷԭҪˢ˵裬˴˰ĽԺԭ޵ȥˣ˽ôڣҲó
˭֪ռȻԽԽǿ
ŮĿĻͷѹؿڣ˿Ĳһ˿⣬ȵĺؿڡ
ССһֻɰ
ܽŴ˲Ծ֮
ֳôˣøԤ룬ǲܻ˻һΪ񽪳ֳ˵ֳ䣡ҲӢܺŵԡ
ȥֳᱻ˻£ѵÿζôͣ
Ҳֳ֪һע޼գǰû̫һ̺һʶ֮עĽ֡
һ뵽ֳҲôɵűˣһֱŰҪ
ۣ
ֳ֪Ϊʲôַŭץ첲رƺһ̾ҪĹͷ
һ̧ͷͿ򫷢ŵʱҿˡ
ȻҲû취˵ˣΪͻȻ°˹ΪγԣѾʮֵֻⷽ֡
ֳ˵ģʮֵİԵҪȥһ
һֳԼҪϢˣ̲סƴĴ򽪳ţֳ̲ͣסڴڵĴϢţҪ½򫣬ûӣֱӶҧȥ
ʵĿҧŪ
˭֪ȴǴ˻£ȼƺһ̾ܰɵͷĿѣ֮ͱѹڵİϡ
ֳ֪ķ֣Լ
ֳִûãŮ˱ȲˣΪŮµĶǵ˾һ𣬽ĸ첲ʵţһļãŸоŮ֮⡣
ֻҪ룬һû취ûС
ӻģѾ˼鰮ˣҪƵͱ˴˵Ĵʵ̫ˡ
ңѵðֵܰϢ
򫿿αϣֱֳһֻʶĦֳ۵Ĵ꣬ΪԿƣЩףǸոŭŵõ壬Ըӡ
˵ȥĸ˵Ҫ㡣
ֳŵĻ궼ûˣ̲סţ˼˰ĽľԹԼˣûɻ檣ӢεأⲻӢӢľ
Ҫ򾰹ǣ
϶Ҫˣ
лҪ˵Ǵ䣬߸ðȥˣȷ٣߻Ӹġ
PS:Ůᵱ檣ӢԼҸƪƪǸСģҪӡ


 29 

ڶʮ
Ҫֳ˵Ϳۿ, ȻǲãӲĹ˸, ϸĽ͵, 磬룬չô꣬Ҫ֪Һ˽, ֻҪˡ
µ˵ڵĻȴһѪ
ֳ㱻ûס, ̲סҪƿڴˣү, ׶, ΪΪ, һŮҪýڻǰ檵, ֱǸĹ, ĭĺˡ
⻰Ȼô˵, Ȼô롣
, Ҳµ, ġֳ޵, ׵ʱ򣬸ĸ˫¿ҪܰȻĻڣֻͱЩǸˡ
ֳ˵Ż;, ȻЩ壬ȴûʲôۣĺá
ֳʮֳˣǽȴǸصģȻˣ㵱ΪλҪңѵʱͲ֪˽ͨģ
ǱʾĽ֮⣬ԭôġ
ֳһʱôһЩĿĿԭα¶ĸо
ֳܳ
Ҳ£
װͿ׵ľģסĲؿڣ˵ʵö磬鲻Խ
ȻֳͫĿԵ
ֳ˵Լ¶ڶһݣѰŽĴȥֻҪÿ׽ͻ
Ȼ򫽩ӲӽķɣһʼֻǱĽֳǣһƺͣмҪðĺףԵĻ˹ȥ
ȻҪ촽ֳеζôСôСǱҪ࣬ԿƣֱֳҪѣȥŷſ
֮˾ģû˵ȴѵһܰĸо
ɫˣֳͬȥ󷢴ȱ˵һᴦԺĪҪմǲˡ
ûմǲݣֳѪ̲סԹΪ£ģԭŴּΪãϸǴźΣεǸոŭŵĲ軨
ֽ̲סϧ
Ŀǿɫǿѹȥѵû˵ֳǺһ䣬ԹԵģæҪȥһ˱߹ء
ֳ򫻹Ҫ뾩ȥ̣һôԲֹ̣ҪҪһʤ̣ܱǸȫţ
һνʮıȥˣЩ˺ͺ֮ĦϣʵʵͲˣһֱҪҸѸߣû취ûгֵĽ졣
һνҵʱ˵˵ַȴԽ˵ԽͶ󽪳ս
ʵЩйԱսϾɧŲϣҲû˼һӮȻǽԴϲսܣǲǻ˽ǣ
һһˡ
ǻʵ飬ִҪû˵˧ŪùԱҲû˰취
ȻҲǳûûʵʧһֹ̲ƽ˺ˣ׽ס˺˵֮󽪳ھеĵλȹ̡
ʱ˵⻰ǲбĺ壿
ȻҴӮ˻˱µʥּ͸˱µּ⣬㲻ˣҲΪ㡣ѾǸֳĪĶˣ˵Ϳֳ˼мĹл˼ֳڷЩã˵ô㲻ˣ
Ȼˣ
⽪Ҫѽ
ֳˣڽƺ˵ˮO(st)o
صֳ֮ôҲ˯ţһ뵽ִö˶˵ģͻȻ䴩Խˣ֮˵ģȴյҪ檡
ˣ³˰϶飬ջʵ۶Խϲ̶ȣɸ檸Ǹ檣ѵˡ
һʥּˣ㾰ˣ⣬Ҳû취ıʲôһν˲ٴ̼
ǼȻôֳԿ䣬Ȼͽһʱܽź£Ҳ֪ԭһˣ飬Ů˵ǶЩ鰮ûȤ
һһεķŹϲ׽ĳ˵ʵҲѵˡ
ôһɲǣֳղŽȵӵһʱ˵УһӾͺˣ̲סţߣԽԼͽһֱһ
ֻͷһϾͱֳ񶨵ˣҪף֮޴ĺ蹵ʲôǾֻҪమһеͲ⣬ǶڴС˹ŴŮѬյĽ˵׾Ҫŵԡ
谮һŮ˺ȢһŵԵŮţͻͱҲǶаĽ谮ϡ
ֳ𣬽ղżʩ˵ҪѾĶˣ¡Ҫĵޣܻ˵ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ֳһγһ⣬ԼһǧĮȥ׷о죬ΪϢͨ洫սϢ
ŴϢ㣬Į뾩ʮңԶʧ˼ʱ䡣
ⲻһ᣿
ȻֻҪõõҲ㹻ˣŽʧȥϵͿԶˣʱֻ˵ˣͬ˻¡
һ뵽һ㣬ֳڰ
ŽѾˣ;øˬ죬ƲɣʱףҲܼޱˡ
ȻֻһƻҪϸϸ¡
֮󣬽Ȼ˵æģֳа¶û򫣬ܿӭ̫ٳ
̫ʺʱʧһӹúܼѣ˵ܰλϣǾȷѪģʮֵĲס
ʵ˸Т˳̫ٳǺܿУ̫ȴϲ˷ѣԶǺ׽˹һۡ
ʵʱ̫˸裬ȻһŮУΨһĵŮּϴϻ۶˷Ժ̫ϲ
ǰʼ׼̫ٳԼдķ𾭣һÿֶԼдġ
̫ݣĹѾҪˣΪص⡣
Խϲֳһλֳȥ۽磬ÿﶼֳ𾭡
ֳ˵ĳ飬ҪдҪǵ̫ۣԺӾͺ߶ˡ
ֳȻ֪Ŀģ̧˼ˣҪǲģǾǲʶôˣ֮֬鶼ˡ
ÿȥľϴַ㣬ѣȻ󾲾ĳд
ݵλҪֺðͽ˺ܶ࣬Ȼһ˳ƣôһˣһʼֳסʱæƣֳÿζд
ֳĺϲǰͳ鷨һֱûҵúʦھҲġд
ԽԽϲֳ͸Ӻˡ
һˣƽʱ˶ģһۣҲͲͬˣͻȫķ֣ʹţﶼãǳĻ̡
䱾סģֳ泭дҲ˼ཱུ֣Сűʣ棬һһд
ֹȥ˰£ֳķ𾭻ˣĻҲ֪ôˡ
ֳֻ֪ҪҪ飬϶ܰ쵽Ȼֹ˼죬¶ԥɫֳ̲ס̾˵ҿۡ
ֳ
Ǹ骾ȻͲٹȾʱڲ¥Ļᣬ˸ײˣֵǶ֪ˣǻ¡ƷεҲ޹ȥˡ
骣
ֳ骰Ĭ˵϶ǽֱʣдźײǿɾ£
лҪ˵컹Ҫȥ룬һˣ쿪ʼͿԶˣ


 30 

ʮ
õذשôĥʯɵ, ȻΪȣ治񶬼, ǹ, ǻۣ
骰뿿ǽϣüͷΪ̫ãȶԼġ
ȴ̲סǸڹ˵, 漴ʲô, ̲סһЦȻԵЩֻ
, ȻϱȲ, ǶŮ, Ǳ㶮Ķ࣬ȻôϲҪ, ȴҴ, ֮ͷѪ, ǵƣ
˵ͦ, ܽ, ѽ
̲ס, ʯϣ봭⴫һϿŮү˽˼
ıӶ, û뵽Ȼ˿ֻ¹ãֻΪʱ̫ϥǶˣֱǶ
ôһڣͰӵӵ˳ǳɫϸܣ幤տʮֵ⻹ֳ֮ǰ͸ġ
骼·ŵȻ֪Լĳ룬ǲĵʵƹùãĻ¡
ƹùΪ죬Ϊӡ骾ǸɵĻӣĸŮӶãҲʮֵĺģһϹģ
ȻЩѽ
ǰã֮˾ɫģ֪Ǳ߿϶ȷܾˡ
Ϊ˵˿ʮֵģ˺ٳӦȥ˵ýΪ˺ʮֵ׺
˳Ļ϶иİա
ʵǱһֱû𸴣˻ʱȴ˵Ѿ˾ŷֵİգϲڼҸ˺ü졣
ûȵϢͳһ׮ĵ骺Ͳٹ˽ˣȻײʱڲ¥żһᱡĶǶһǹֵǷзģ˲ûιȥ
֮ǰ骵ҲãץסȴͷһأǺһѷȾԺ⾩û˼ԸŮ޸ˡ
ƹùε˵үȻ£ΪʲôҪƫƫʱֳĻͲҪˣúõĸĹ°ɡ
骾ԩˣ֪򫲻ưոݣЩӶؾصģ˭֪ٹͻȻϢ˵УŵɢԼڲ¥棬˲֪ٹûУġ
骵ʱ֪ˣûȥǲˮﱻˡ͡
ҧгݵ˵򫣬˵̫磬ڵʱ򡣡
***
˷𾭾ͿЪˣֳȴȻÿ밲˳ںͽһ档
֮ǰԭĹͣǳϲֳ֮ǰֳһŮһڷԣ䵽ˣ˾ͽˣҲԸֳͽ̫ܣֳĶ´ϻۣвŻ磬ΪĹۡ
ٿֳͽһ棬Ҳûнˣ˵䣬ҪͳѧһѧϴεͻϣǴʤõͷʡ
ȻǸ˵ģһ𻭻Ȼͦģֳ͵档
䱻ĺܺãòǳĹأϲΨһ㣬СȣЩƫ֣ԲཱུģҲཱུģֳ̲סѡ
һֳչЦ˵ãպ˲÷£̫ٳʱʹȥ
ĩˣ̫ٳѾڳˣ·ȻҪһЩڣᱡɴ¡
ֳţ׼ˣϳԵĺ嵭һ࣬ˣһС
Ϊϡһţ飬ÿնµĺȡ
һֱԴţΪ򫱻֮Ӱˣ֪մĹأӦĸţȴֱһ㡣
ʵҲЩϵԭ򣬽֮ҪͬסȴǽҪԴӾܾˡ
˹ϵһ·ԽԽĮ
н۵ķҲˡ
ԭֳȻ֪֮ʵҪӣֻһԹߣֻ֪
ֳҪˣק˵ֿ֮ˣһ԰ɡ˵ź˿Ӻͷˡ
ֳŷԼǰһţ飬̰׵ɫǳѩһɾ͸ΪոȹðŰ׵ůĿȥ
ʳ޲ԵıȽϿ죬ȥڣֱӰţֳǰ˵㣬ҺȲȥˡ
ţ飬ֹζܡ
벻ְָף
䣬
ԣˡ
ͬĺЩ֣ΪЩڻʹСŮҲ֪󣬸οߵһɫĸġ
ǲ⣬һĸ׿Լӵʱ򣬶Ǵ˾ôǺõģο񽪱仹СЩӤҲӦá
ζĸһ̲סʵ㣬˵ģ
Ž䴿͸пɰֳЦͷ˵ȻģȰɡ
űӣһȹˡ
Ϳ˳ھֻ֣һѣ˼ңһ컻ѶٵģҲûʲôر
˲ǵգ߸˵˵Һˣ˵ҪǶţͻһְָס
ֳһξý̫ͯˡ
̫ϲּ򵥴ֱ˵ϲֳ;ôǺõˣ¶Цĸ˲촽ֳֶ˵˵Ķԡ
ʱѾߺү밲ˡ
æһҪȥƽʱͲ밲ˣܹȻˣֻȥ
ܾϲ˵
ֳѾһûˣ֪ڳﱸ飬ԭӦڳʱӦܸ̫硣
ֵأӱȽȶÿζڶӶʳʱҲΪѵʱʳƲӣҪǲܴӺõʳҪˡ
Щ½򫣬Ծ͸оĽţקֳ䣬͵磬ģǰֳȵˣýǿɰ
ôˣ
ҽ£
Ц˵ҲŮ·ҪѾò÷ȥǣǲæͿˣ
ʵʽ飬ǽ򫲻˵Ҳʣ֪Ҫǲˣýֱ֪ߵغ񣬻ʵҲǺͿģ㷣˽򫣬Ϲȥס
Թ緹ûʵ
ûС˵
˵ǰϲļ˿棬ȥ
ʵиĳԺӺ棬ﳣż¸Ҳһʱ䡣
˷ϣżֳ˵Ұ
죬ֲˡȻ󱻽ĿŵˣһֳĻס
лҪ˵̫죬̼ˣû˯ã˫ġ˵ˣʳԶʣŬ¡(is^ti)


 31 

ʮһ
ֳԴϸµ, ϾҪţЦ˵, Ī£ҲҸ磬, Ҳøġ
˵žͰһ򫣬½亦£Ҳһ
̵˵, , á
ʱ򿴵ڳԼһʱЩ, ˵, ƽﲻԼ
ֳҲû뵽, ȥ, ȻЩ졭ܿ콪ͱô˵, ˿ˣ
Ц˵, ˡ֣̣ڵļ˿棬С룬һ롣
ȻǸ, СǸֳͽġ
³ĳȴܺãˬڣ˺һļۻ
ֳû뵽һ룬һʱЩܳ˵ôʹã³
ȴЦ˵ǶǺúӡ
ѾСˣƫֻЩԵɵģ簮ԡΪԵúཱུ촽˵㣬ô˵ˣ͸һŮһġ
ֳл棬ڵģ̵ĿȥҲûʮȻҲôϸ΢չˡ
ܺóԣܿͳˣţ飬ȻǸϲ棬ǸʢСҲͲ豭С
Ϊʲôôࣿδ˵
ʵҲϲãǴСЩŪҲ֪κദ˵㲻˵Լ֣ڳȥҪֳˡ
еʱ⻰ͻȻ˵ҲҪֳ򣡡
ֳ
Ҳû뵽ȻһӾͿˣһʱЩͿ˽һۣ˵ְˡ
ֳǰŽ䲻ޣһ÷͹ˣʱһһֱҪʮȹòã
ֹס˿˵ģ
ĺãݰ׵ģཱུģͷԵøӿɰ۽ǹ飬Ϊտ޹۾ǽʪĺɫʯԣʮֵƯ
ֳãŮʵ̫ɰˡ
ҪֳԽˡ
͵ĿֳȻǾֳܻչ˺ӣԼЦ˵ʯɫ԰ɣ
ΪЦ˵á
һ涼ˡ
ֳȻҲˣͲ࣬һ豭СС룬Ҫ˵ķǳóԡ
ųĿ룬¶ɫ
ʱִѾߵүˡ
Ϊϵ䵭־ӺܶˣܹȻ飬ƽ޹ʵĹȻһ˽
һˣһ㶣û뵽Ӷڣֿۿ룬Ȼ˵˼˿棿漴Щ˵ѾüûԹµˡ
ɫȥһצۣƹڣȻҪ빬Ĵˣֶأмֿʡ
ֳ¶ʧģǱһܿǸ
ֻûĻ˵үչ£
¶ѿɫȻЩӲ˵Ҳ֪ϾҪĸٳˣ׼ˣ
үȥ˵ɡ
Ҳ֪һ£Ȼںǰ˵£ͷ˲ҡ
Ѿǹӣ˲ˮȥ
ٴеֳ˵㣬ҿ컭÷Ȼקֳȥ鷿ȻǲԸͽˡ
˸չȥ͸˹Ǳһ˶ȻǲãɫȻͲÿ
䣬翴ףأ
С͵õĽ̵ȻͷһֳͬССͣĻҲзˡ
ֳ̲ס̾˵ĺܺãϲ
˵˵һ͸㡣
ֳȻϲˣһֱϻЩƣ˵䣬ô续һ
죬˵磬Ҳû͹һֵǶ˵ĵرãȴֻţûм
վ͸ǻ
ѽ
ֳ֪ô£˽˻Ǹ仭Ȼֳ
õϱȽ϶࣬Ƚϸӣǽȴʮֳֵֵ仭ģɫҲΩΩФҪϣѽĽɰˡ
̲סţ߹ȻƫģԸЩȻȫţ
ֳֵʱ򣬽Ҫܶ࣬վһܽػǰ棬Ȼ־·ɫ̫ͬܽɫ־̫ѵժһܽػϡ
ֳѪý˵ϲԼȴҪ仭ʱĿϣֵ͸ְͣҪվţ
Ҫ֪ɲգֻҪӵ飬ղŽһѾܿ죬ȴҲӣСʱ
ֳֵʱ򣬽ȴķ˲ʱִ㷨ǾһСʱˣһСʱһվţ϶ܵġ
ڼ佪̫ģԼܵȥǧˣֻ½ֳں԰ģѾӣҲõŮ⡣
ֳˣҲ֪򫻭ôã׻ʲôӣŽ±ʹǰȥȴͻȻסֳߣûá
ֳ³ƿ
ֳĲУýǿɶҲôԭʵԭٿؾӨĹϣԭݣŸĵĿ
ѹŻַſˣڵĻͳֳǰ档
ֱֳӾˣĻĺܺãӦ˵Ļ̫ˣò˵Ůվܽػǰ棬ЦȻüĿ飬Ҳ֪˸˳еĻ㣬֮ȴټĺû
ֳ𾪵ԭֹΪĺãиԭΪ⻭⾳Ե̫ˣһ˰ԼİŮ˻һ㣬޷˵⣬ԾȻֽϡ
֪Ϊʲô
һʱĬһԵֳǻ
Ȼ֪Լ˼ֳ͸ˣ죬ȴ˵˵Ҫ˺
ֱֳǿеĻ˵磬Һϲ͸Һòã
һ㶼ã
ãϲĺܡֳİѻ뻳̵˵磬Ҫ
ֳĿֲ⣬ýЩȵģżȻôϲ͸ɣ
ֻΪԼ飬Ӳ˵ǵúú
лҪ˵ҲҪɳԲԣ ȥƴȥܻ쿴ɡ


 32 

ʮ
˵Ż, Ȼ洫ȻԽԽ, ֳŭ߳
ֻǽϽǫ빬ôͲˣ
, ɨվں԰ĽֳȻЩѿС, ү, û˵̫ٻҪ빬ġ
һһ׵, Ҫ˵ʲô, ȻҲǿֳͽ, ԥ, ʤ˵ɴһˣҲԸԼ, ν£
ɫ, ȴǰںڣ˵
˵׼ˣһĮһ빬, 㶪ˣﶪ𣬱ϾﻹҪΪ룬ҪģڸȻǲҪˣȻôЩ˵ﲻ磿
󣡾Ȼײף˵ſܣǽиɨѣùҪ򽪳򫡣
ֳ֪ҪǱ˵վŰˣɲǸԿģȻһקסǸɨѣ治ɫ˵ӾҪӵ֣ǵ̫ǰ˵Ҳվסš
ʱŶӸ˹Ҳ֪ôҵôɡ
Źڵϣ˵үҺǫɣҾĵҲǫ빬ȥѽ
Ǳ̧㣡û뵽ȻԼôʱÿſ̵ȻѪ
үѪˣ
һӾţǫҲһޣϷףһӾ˵ϡ
ȴʮֵĴݣ˵ȥҽֶԷ˵үݡ
γѣǰǫ޿ģڷĺ棬̵ֳЩңȻȥɣ밲ˡȻǽһëˣǰڱ߹Ĳ
ֳŽĸĻ˻ȥ·ǡ˼ҴҸĶٽܣԴϴζٽκ˽򫣬ԶٽܺŴס
ٽǶٴſ۽뷨кͺʵĵطסţҲû˵Ҫߡ
СǸеĸԣϲЩѭ浸ص飬ΪСϻۣԭμӿƾ٣ȴû뷨ҪŸѧҽû취ѧٽܾһҪʮѧĶһʱѧˡ
ð丸׵ĵȥ˿ŵĶٽܵĸײûӣܿʹ
ٺٽ־ѧҽû˼ʼж˸ʦɽ꣬һҹֻ̫ҹԼŰܳˡ
ص֮ʫʼжƾٵ飬׼Ĵǽ֮󣬾Ϳʼμӿƾ١
ȻֵԻȿԺμӴǵĵطʵġ
ٽһֱֳʵĺøУϾǽʱ̣˭ԸΨֳ˵飬ʱ򣬶ǴλԵİ룬ͱ硭һˡ
ֳĻòǸˣͺŮһֱҪѰҵѡ
һֱҺʵĻӽֳŮб𣬺ܽլһξȻʱˣβϲ
֪ȥȴȻûŲӡ
ֹ
Уȥүİɣ
ǡ
ֳף˵ȥɡ˵ˣٽȴûҪߵ˼ȵĿ⣬ֱΣֳ˵Ҳ뷨
Щ֣񴩵֮һ˾رĺãתһˣԭò˫ģϧ֮ŮӣȻǻˡ
ٽһֱȻᣬպòܷŵ˵ֹСֹòѡ˵Լˡ
ֳ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ٽԼ˵ĻֳǼ¶ԾɫȴΨûίӣһʱĪĻ˵˳֪Լ䲻㣬괺ǽһֿƾپͿʼҾȥμӣȵ˿ȡ˹ӭȢòã
ٽԽ˵ԽǸˣҪ㵱״ԪɵӣŲû㣡漴ֻֿңҪżˡ
ֳԭǱĻжˣһεҲû취ƭԼĻ֮⣬Ѿʮֵˡ
һ̣ͶٽȣνϲڣƲֳĻϣʹεϲҲֻί檶ѡ
ȻֳҲ֪Ͷٽֳܳͬ⣬ֳҲƫƫڰȴǲֳġ
ֳǱٽܸжˣû취ѽ򫣬һֻ֮ܵʧʱ㣬ʱ򵽵ǸʲôӣҲ˵׼
ֻ˵У⻰Ҫ˵ڶˣŮӣĻñẦҵġ
ֳ˵Ťͷߣ˼Щģͷһۣ˶ٽʧǵı飬һĲС
ٽģܵĲУֳͷʱϣܹ˵ֹô룬һġ
ֳصӣͰѽĻĹȻʮֵľޣȴҲûп**ˡ
Ǯ˽ֳģ̲סʵ溰ҽǳʲô飿
ֳ֮ìܣҲ̾ͰҪ빬Ǯ˵ˡ
Ǯ־ȵĵɴ۾
һԵȴЩ̲סˣЩֳʮֵĹذʱʵĹϹвƥӵȶǰָˣֶʮֵƳģ⻰ƽ˼˵ôģòʶׯ⾩ûܱȵڣҲ˵ˣүһһŮǶŮ˫ȫˣΪʲôҪ̧һӣ
ǮֵǼٺլģ˵޵ֲûйʲôֵֵġ
үѽүǲҲûеϲүɣ͵˽ʥ裬׽˷һɨӵܵھд𽪳Ҳĵˡ
Ժ˵ˣЩ鲻ҵ۵ġֳȻ֪ĻҲκϽȥϾ漰̫ˣ˻˵֬ӦúˣСơ
СԴӸֳԵĺãůֳʮֵĿѯ֬С㣬Ÿ߸ϵСֱܳԽҪֳֺʹ˳̵յо֬
ʱ䵹оƷ
лҪ˵ۣˣǶȾѣҪ̵ѽ


 33 

ʮ
Сֳ֬, ˵, ֻ֬õ壬ܽػ, ǡ
֬ǿ֬ں죩ͳһƺֳĶǿ֬
ֳϲСĴ£ֱ֬ɫ, üһ, СȻµɫֻɫ, õǴͳɫ, ܽػ΢۵ɫ, ڴ, ǧ
ʱ֬һɫûɫžͼʮ֡
׼֬, ȥҵƹôֳ˵
𣿡СΡ
ֳ֪С, ҲСˣԺŴʵʱԽύˡ
˵ȻУѵҪһʹӣ
ҡ
֪㲻룬˭һûʲô, ȻСżʱյĥͻ֬ãԺ֬
ⲻֳԺɾͣȻ˵ˣ˭֪Сģ˵һṼġ
ֳ֪úѰĻϾǿԭģȴС˲֣СѾڵĺӣµ֬Ȼֳ˭˵Ųѡ
ʱĲȶֻҪվͿԣǮһֳ˵̫ٳˣʱˣ̫󲻸𣿡
ֳ֪̫СӣҪ֪ˣٲҪ˵һ˵ˣҿûд󰭡
ڶв÷һܾµѣõǰ˿ϣⶫȻǴȴûгԻһᱡڳġ
ֳԭòϻ˿ȻǮֿ޲ڣ˵ǹӦ˲ǡֳܼܲżֱڴ
ֳΣҲ֪ǮҲûĳܹô棬ĸȻҪνǸˡ
ȻæһֱæµֳһҲЩ¼򫣬ÿοױ̨ʱ򣬾ͻǷĲ⣬˿һξĶһΣҲ֪֮ǲܵġ
ʱ̲סţԭʵǰ˿̻̫ˣֱ׶ӣʹƢҲֵס
ʱһζܿ͵ӣǰһֳ˹ȥȻһͷ棬˵빬ʹ
ֳŷﺰŵһĺ챦ʯ̲ס˵̫ˡ
ЩҪչҲ֪ôģȻסĲһֱҪסüòȥȴװɵ㶵ģӲǲߡ
ߣǲ񻯣Ҳ˵˸ϳȥÿЩǣȻҪǷӽǫչ̽һĽﻨһǵТӣǰĹǺ
ֳ˵ʱﶼӣ㲵ϴɵɫ˵ŲүԺȥ
ǰˣʹİ˸ˣ
ЩԾҪͺãǲ飬ѵһֱò룿
Ҳ֪Щ飬Ҳ̾һ˵ū֪ˡ
תͷֳ˵ţԺҪļױǰˡ
ֳ£ߵĵͷһЦ˵Ҳˣڰƣкʵġ
ֶ˼ֳҪע飬Ͼǵһ빬
ֳɵţԼ֬˵ǶɽΪԼĥ֬ɫɣΣ
ûŮӲοˣǶűܵ츳ֳݹ֬ɫɸϻֻ뷨˵ֻ֬
ֳһ¼֬УͿƫɫ֬һʱЩ죬ֳ˵ʵɫвһЧ
ΪȤѾͭȻһ֬ͿĨ˴ϣʱ˵ɫͺ˺ܶ࣬ഺϢɫɫɫ˿һЩ
ܾϲȥɫ
֬ĺá
ֳЦ˵ϲͺˣһĲҺһĵģϲ̨棬Цˡ
˵㲻ǫˣ֬Һϲ
ֳϲͰԼ뿪ӵ뷨˵ˣܲɽգԭЩǲãȻϲҲȥˣ۹ǲġССһΡ
̲סЦ˵ǸСԡ漴뵽ʲôһ̾һ˵ˣһˣûӰУ
˵źֹ˵ȥֵӵ
һ㶣ȴ͵Ҫ֬ӣӾ͸ˡ
ֳϾ˵ʹã̫ˣ
žţôǾøˣϲȥ˵ߴͣҴǣҪǲգҿɾˡ
ֳ֬ȥһ̵ĵʵҲ棬ֱӸˡ
Խܸоĺãǰúͽ˽飬ΪʱסϾӦԭǰٺΪռû췴ȴԽҪ뿪ˡ
ȻǶԲĺá
ڶһ磬ֳϴ磬ȻȥԺӣҲʹϣǴƷ׵ѣŷڣȻͻʺĲȣȴҲӺݻڳи˵ܼˡ
пķţҲ˿ķ̣ССһˣźصķڣѹĶ̧ͷˣΪ
ֳǰȻŽ˵۲ۣһͿϡ
۾ģ˵㣬á
һҲˣΨ򫣬Ǹֳһ㣬˵һ빬ȥˣһڹԼ
ֳһ¼ˡ
ֳٽҲںϣֳ۾ˣ˵˵̫ȼȥ
ԭûеģΪ֮ǰٽҪβʱͱϳȥ֮Σֲۡ
ȴǱУҪ̫ˡ
⵱ȻȱΪٽҽη˵ٽ˼ѨλֹסѪǺҽˣҲ޲ڡ
ʵҲǶٽܵһ
·ͣͣģΪ빬˱Ƚ϶࣬ѾֳϿʼˣཱུС˯ĺ˵ģɰˡ
ʱ󣬵˹ſڣӭǵľȻǽ򫣬źɫٷϣݵġ
лҪ˵˫ˣԺһ˫ɡ


 34 

ʮ
˹ͻӽ, ˶ͽ˵һ, һֻˣŵֳ˶, һʱЩŮǶæĲɿǰֳˣһ, ȴû˺ֳȥ
ֳȴܴ, ֪ԽʱԽҪ侲ȻԼ, ǻ˾ûзִ硣
ֺͻ粻ͬ, 빬, ˲ǿǸھ, һûбĹŮҲ
򫻤һ·ȴǲֳüôûȥơ
Դ˹ʼ, ԵЩĲ, ⻰ŶȻֳЩ˹߻ῴ²ˣȥƣóί
ϲֳ, Ȼ;˶ӦôãûΪʲôĶӻںֳ
۵ĹǺǹʵ̫ˣĸϣ⻰˵ȥ
ֳվһߵĲ࣬ǰһŮ˵λãϵıС㣬ͿѾˣ㿴ʲôʱϽӣȥҪɢˡ
ǹŮѾʮˣֳһʮŮԼãʱЩĻŭţЦԭϵıС㣬ǵˡ漴ܣʣһӣæ˵Ӱɡ
ֳ͸ǹŮȥʱ򣬼ҴҵһˣûӢһؽĽӣǴɫȹԭòټĴ磬ԽԵùˡ
빬ǲܴѾߵģԽžֻһˡ
ӢһˣҲ֪Ϊʲôûĸ׾һ𣬲˶ʶģ̫ǾСͳ빬ţ˭ܲʶ
Ͼиֵ̫߹˵ιɣھʣһˡ
ȻֳӢڽǰˡ
ǹŮӢ̫࣬ʱӣӵ˵ƹСⶥӣλıСΰ죿
ǻƹб۹ŮֳǸģ˵ʲôС㣿֪ǹǰè˸ӴŵݶҪϹϵޣ
˵žȻһĭ
ֳĻˣЩ˵ǹۿ˵ͣȴûŭǿǸһģȻ⹬ҲĲǣҪǲſȥ
Ӣ̲סֳʱ򣬾ȻΣңڳĽţģֱ
ǰֳܾһʸ׸֮ȴˣֳϻһЩ͵Ķ
ƹ֪ԼĲ̫׵˭⹬˭ôˣַ˻ϦĵģԺ󻹰ģ͹Ų˵ȻôãǾͼţιƹû˵͸оһɾ޴ӲϮȻûӦ;һʹ
ĸӡƹֱߵˣ۵죬̧ͷˣɫһͲҿˡ
˲Ǳǽ򫡣
˵ұ졣
ƹڵĳӶˣ˭Ǿһ˭ԼȻˡ
ղžŰͽӢȴûһС㣬Ȼý㶯ŭ
ǻƹĵӣҲΪпɽɵǻʵ۸ǰĺˣһûˡ
үҸղ۲ʶ̩ɽûϳıС㣬һΰɣҸɵ󣬾źӵλܹܡ
˴ֱݣǸҲ˳̨ˣǽ˭ûµ顣
ֳˣ˿ʲô£
飬ֱӰγ彣ǽз·⣬ɫ糣˵վҪĹ
ƹŵĻ궼ûˣֱ̱ڵϡ
ֳһ֪Ƣһ꣬û뵽˵ɱ˾Ҫɱˡǰͱס˽ĸ첲˵磬ס֡
򫿴ֳ׵С¿ԽĳЩ۾˵Ȼң
ֳ磬֪⣬ǽտ̫ٳҪǼѪͲˣ̫۰㣬Ҫ˼˼ҵ鲻ǡ
£ȻȥֳĻ˵˵öԣӦýѪֳһܿǶһһŻƹ˵ĳղˣ˹ȥնˡ
ǣⲻϹأүûȨ֪ƢҲֱӰˣ˵Ҳ˭˵⹷ûˣɵҲϲ˸ϵ
ƹ𣬻ʵ飬ҪòʮĽȥ̣͢Ϊֵķзģ֪ʵ۶ԽĽƫִ۰һܹʲô
֪Լˣֱ˹ȥ
򫿴ƹһۣ˵ϽӰɣﻹءȻǵģǱղȴǶ˼ᡣ
ֳ𽪳ĺһʱ־ķû취ֹģͷӢĿɿڴĿǣ˵ιˣһ𣿡
Ӣ޲Ͼ뿪ͷ⣬Ͼ͸˽ȥ
˽ӣں棬ֳһ仰˵һڵˡ
Ӣɫɷףһοɱڿջ˻Ǹ⵹⣬ǶһˡȻЩ˾ƣǻãǸо˿־壬̲סʵү𣿡
ֳ̾ԭҪӢͽ飬ȴһԶԽԶοɲӢ۾ˡӢһĹŮܲ£
ֳŬ潪˵飬˵粻ҷƢģ㿴ղŷŭҲΪǸƹ۸˲ǣ
Ӣһ룬ǣ뵽ݣǾú£˵˵Щ˹߻۸ˣҲǸһˡ
һ·û˵ֱ̫Ĵ˽ӡ
˶ſڵţղΪһʱʧûпסֳΪǣһֱվſţֳһ˵
ֳ˹ȥ
˹Ӣ۾ģȻϲӢ˵㣬ɩһģ
Ӣһɩһ죬뵽оɫЩףŽ˵䣬Һ绹ûأô
ŶӦһ
ֳôôãֳҲֱ˵ί˵˵Ȱ˹㿴ÿЩģʵû£
֪Ƣ֪ûеڼѪѾúܺˣһֳţǵһ빬֪Щ˹ôۣǰЩ빬ķӣſϽӣ͸ɱӺˣҶĺá
ֳ
лҪ˵һҪˡ


 35 

ʮ
һ, ˺ʵۻʺݵֳһ, վһ𣬶ӢҲ˳վֳԱߡ
Ҳ֪ôǸղͬŵ, ˾Ȼ˼ֺøo(st)o
Щ˲ֱӻʵֳֻۣܿһӰ, ǾûʵӰǳͦΡ
ǵд, ʵӢҲƫˡ
̫, ͷȫ, ϶´ķ˪, ̬, ˵̫󵱻ʺʱʧһ󣬱ʵ۽ȵӣ»ʵºɱ, ԼԺû취, һҹͷ
һж˹µõ˻ʵ۵Σн졣
ΪˣʵҲãҲ, ̫ʮֵТ˳Ӧ
˶ˣ̫Ӻ̫̫ӭ˳մʮֵݻͷϴ׺ʯŷĵڣƷ׵ķۣʮֵӺݻ
̫ã̫Ӻ̫Ҳߵȥվ˻ʵۺͻʺ棬Ҳվã˺ʱ񣡡
Ҿףʥĸ̫󣬸綫ٱɽ
̫ѹѹһȺˣǰĶ׽ˣ˵ĺϲ£죬˵ɡ
ȻĻڣʵһ֬ĵ̵𣬻ʺһַƵķۣһˡ
׼˺ɺʱɺʮֵɫĺɺ󲻵Ʒɼ¹ġ
̫ǳϲСӣ̲ס˵ⶫɷ㲻Ӱɣ˺궼Ҫˡ
Ѿӣ̫ǰ͸ƵģĸֻҪϲҾҵҲԸġ
񸮵飬˭֪Ƿʲôȱӣ
ʺ̲ס¶ּɫȴΪͷûƼ
̫ȻǸˣ˵ѽ𡣡ȻŻʵ˵ѾһȪɽĻׯܵܰɣȻա
ʵûΥ̫ʱЦ˵ĸġ
ȻԳдķ𾭣̫ŷģȻϲĿ˺ü飬˵СԽдԽˣǰżָ꣬ԽԽˣд֮磬û뵽ȻҶȢһŮ
̫ŮǴСģȻǼΪϲģ治˵
Ц˵ĸԼҶϱѵ˵Դޣ
Ǹˣٻ¶СŮ̬Ū̫̲סЦβЦڶڲסȻǳãֲϷſ
û̫˵ĸ㿴𣿺Ǳдġ
ţ
̫󷭿ķ𾭣Ȼּͬ˵ȻЩۣѾмķˣѵǱ䣿
̫Աߣ̫źصķڣʹԹԵţ̫ԼϾ˵ĸǳдģҡֵҸԼӡ
ĸǸף
ֳܽţǵһμĴǰ֮ǰĹ˵̫ʥ
̫֪Ҫֳ̧Ͱ˵ˮѾͷɡȻժ˵͸ļ񡣡
ֳˮͷŨ̵ɫֱǵ̵ļˣֱӿûȥұˣĽӹ˵⡭
̫ԭҪֳ̧ϱһӣֳֶˣһ˫۾ǲԭž˸ϧ̫Ц˵ŰɣǺúӡ
һԽǸ˵ɺˡ
ֳӾˣǻصλãȴǸоܴĿ⣬˵Ŀ⣬ִʮϧ̬ҲΪΡ
»ȥ֮׵˻ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ҪôӦԣ
֮ǳˣΪ˶࣬ܶ˶ˣůͣҲӰԣǿڸв̫á
ֳһױ磬װԷҲ˲û᲻ӰԼʵҲôҪ󣬱Ͼ˵ԽǳͷԽױ˿УȻףʱ򽪳ͳԴƢҪţԾֱӳˡ
̫󿴵ֳȻԵζģţȻѿСһһϵģٶȺܿ죬Ȼʮʳ
Ц˵ܳԾǸˣʹһˡ
ֳ
ѵ¶Цҡͷε˵ĸһ빬ء
ֲûӹǻʱ빬ʱҲһʲôҳԣͺܺãҺϲ̫Ц˵
ϣ̫ұŻʺ̫Իʺ룬Цﲻϣһ֪̫ϲ
ֳʹһľϯһİգӢһֱߣ̲סЦ˵ҸղҲûԱܲһЩ
ݲλãȻһҪֳ˵Ϊϣֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ֳ֪ӢΧм˵úȣҸһЩ
ʳ޲磬ҪԳԺȺ죬м仹иˣֳĽζģŴ̫ˣżһÿĽĿ̲סһڿ
ֳ벻ǣһĿȻǽݵģźɫ̽ĲϺۣͷڣǿװƤѥһѳȻҪ轣ˡ
ŽһȺӵܣֳӣǵϴ˸Ľץסˣ͵˹ȥʵŭɱǺʮӣڼұ˼һ¡
˵ӦúˣϾǵֵܵģͱһ˭֪˺ֺͺˣ˵ǣһֱִԲ޷أԴˡ
Ȼˣ
ԭûһΣֳ֪µʱ򣬾ӼֱżйǺǺĴ̿ͣͶԽŷˡ
ֳáпЩ򵥣ǸǲǴ̿ͣ˶ˣǽһ仰飿
˲ݶҲܸڡ
£ȱʵͬһٶˡ
һȺӿۣϾǶǽʳģѰǻ֮£һɹİȻʣȻΪĿĻǽ򫣬ֻҪһվͬڲ࣬ܰ˶ȥ
ܿ轣Ϳʼˡ
ֳǾ仰һ轣ķΪ֮õͰһ䣬Ⱥ衣ŭ罭⡣
ǳ𺳣ֳˡ
رĽ򫣬Ӣ˲񲻿ɵֱ˳ԡһֳ̣סֿʼҡ
ֳһԵӢȻҲǿˣֱĿŽ򫣬ֳζӳ£ǵľͦãӢ¶ԽȤ
ܿ죬Ӣ˵վȻôãֲЩ˶˵¶µɫȻ˽ǳ
ֳ
лҪ˵
һ轣ķΪ֮õͰһ䣬Ⱥ衣ŭ罭⣨ժƴŸġ۹轣С


 36 

ʮ
, ʮ˹ڵϣ, ףʥĸ̫ٱɽ룡ɤƲ, ˳
̫ϲĲУ˰˵ú, 
˹ȥ, Ӣͦ, žͽ˻ϲĲ, ̫Ž, Це˵, ۲ۣ
ĸҲۡѵ¶Ц˵, ϲ𣿡
ϲ, ֻҪǳ͵ģĸϲҲзݣˣͣ
ݲͬ, ĸ̫Ů̱׵Ļ£νϼףӵУ̫ϲĻǽ򫣬Ҫ˵ԣͨǸѵõš
ӰԵ̫ò¶ͽĳѵӦýһЩ˿ԼӱʱǴ˾ֻҪ̫񣬶Ǻõġ
ǽˣ绹ϷɿСǶ½½ȥ˿ͷЪϢ
طС˶ʮ˼һȻ˯ţΧһʱֻ̫ЪãһϷ
⵱Ȼˣǲһģ˴ĶϢ䱻̫ˣֳԱߵĲ䡣
첻ˣžֵڣ۵ѾˣֳǰŴ˯ˡ
ʱѾûˣֳ洫Ůֹˣ
һԲŮ˽˵ūźϴɡ
ϴױֻһѣųţŮϷ̨ʹˣ԰̫ȥˣȥɣ
ֳл˹Ů͸һͬš
ߵһ룬ͿһĹŮҴҵĹֳǵ̫ǰıȽõһи÷
÷ֳһ˵ֹ˵Щͷۣù
ֳ֪ЩŮǲİģ빬֮ûʹӸ棬ֳֻæ
һȥá
Żص˴ֳ˶᷿ͣԼİﻹһҩ裬ǼһģЧͺã͹ȥˡ
ҪߣͻȻ
ֳΪǸ÷͸ŷ쿴۵һ˵ǻʵۡ
ʵô
ֳ֪Լòóȥ־ûʵоЩֵϾǸСЪģ̫ʡ
ֳʵ˯ĿϣͷᣬȻ󻹾ò񫣬ֱӰͷ˻Ǳ顭һֳɫֱֳƤ
ͻȻԭлʵۺ֮ĶԹԹ
ʵʵֻϧȵ۲õʱ̫ӵĻʵۺԼϼף̫Ҳò̫ʣϾٴԼҵĵλ̫ԺˣһųʺԼҽ裬Լҡ
Ϊֺȵۣʵ۾ͷ
ʱȥ˶꣬ҲͳɻӣǼ޸Լ׵ܵܣȴԽûʵǶ⣬ҲΪʲô˳谮ԭ򣬴ǰݼڰɡ
ֳϢĴţҳڣʵ۴Ƭ̾ˣֳһڳһ̧ͷͿ÷վ⡣
÷Ŀһۣȴʲôû˵ֹ߰ɣӦõȺܾˡ
ֳ˾ˣ˭ʲôû÷⡣
ߵ԰ſѽѽĳϷֳССӣƬĺһϷûʲôȤҲǾԽöһ㡣
ʱеǾ磬ǻܻ񣬱߷ֳ֡ԼȻȥˣóͦ
ùӦŴ̫ˣo(st)o
ֳ߹ȥʱ򣬾ͿϷ̨ӱǰĶҪȻŪõģϷ̨ԱΧźˮǿ̨㣬ϲݵķǣ͵һ㡣
÷ֳ˶¥Ȼ̫룬ǰ֮ǰʱλʺһһҵİ̫󣬶̫ڻʺһ࣬ЩȤںһŵģͷϺصĹȡȻֵ̫ĲС
俴ֳ˵˵㣬Ҹ˺öԵġ
ֳЦཱུС˵Ҹҩ͹
ͷۣȴٳٲֳһʱЩķң⺢¿ֳһӣɫİٻӣģ⶯ˣʱ;ǹԹһӾɢˣ⺢ӣô
ֳһ裬ҪһЩϾⶫα겻αԡ
ֳ˵ĳϿңԥһ̫Ц˵ҿĽ㣬ֶһŮ
Ը⵱вֳĺ⣬ҩ裬ųȥȻ˵ζ㣬еһζ
ֳΪڣһꡣ
֪ҩ϶Ҫȵȣҩ˿ھֱӻˮȥ˵ʱ;ˬϾͼЧǾ棬ȥֳĿĴȰþ̫˵ǶһŮһġ
ֳЩζӳ£ԽǴþԽ鸴ӣΪʵ
ʵԭ˵ͻǹʱͻʵ÷Ͷϣ໥ϲֻϧˣҲû취ԼĻ£ֵˡ
ĺͿԽܣҪ޸˻ʵۻô̲סƽ
úӣȥɣһ𡣡
һӵĳʳ˵ǹǣţǣǻǡȻĿһۣƸֳ˵㣬ˡ
ֳĶˣ̲ס˵ϲˡ̲סСס
лҪ˵


 37 

ʮ
ŮǷֿŵ, мһȣҲӵĿ, ҲǰƷףʵڶ¥ζ¡
ʵ۲ϲϷ, ̫ǾТҲ˿, һҲֵһϷ, óһһ롣
ڻʵ۵ߣʵòƿǰ, ʵĲ, żͷȥ̫, ֻĿȴǻ̫ͣߵ, Ϊʱ̣ܶȻû˿
ͻʵ۲ͬͦϲϷŰ, Ͳź߳ˡ
ڻʵ۵, 裬Ӧڻʵ߲ŶԣǻʵǻһѵҲܲͷ뷨, ĸ߶߶ľˣôҲһӣ
ֵܣĺԶ
ֳ꽪ַâڱо߿˹ȥͿĿһ٣ȴװɵĳЦЦ
򫣬
̫Ϸ̽ĸľһĸϷ룬ʱŮˣеζڶϣ˵ɷİĲʺ磬һţΨӲ
ϲϷ
ֳǿ飬ŲˮȣȻĽζȻ亰ϣһһʱûע⣬ˮϡ
̫˶վûһ̫ҲľʵҵСԹԣûĸ
˵ˮˣ̡һھε˵Żĸˡ
̫ŽཱུСϼ͸СƻһģɰĲУ̲סǰס˵Ǳֲǹġֵӻȥѡ
ֳ˵Ҹűȥɣ̫
ԼȥҲ֪ʱ򲻺߿ֳ˵ҪȥҲͷˣ˵Ǿͷˡ
˵ʲôһġ
ʱıסֱֳۣܿɼһ㣬̫ǺЦţ˾Ǽˣرֳ㣬ʸȨߣȥˣֳ̧Ǹһӡ
ǿֳţ;ֳ֣£ѵأ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ʮˡ
ԵѪ⣬ʮֵʻĶǹأżֳģ;Щ˼
Ǻúӣȥɡ
ҲǹŮ÷ȥģȥ·ϣΪ԰ٲÿ滨ݣЩ๦Сˮɽ̰ʱٲҪȥֳ÷ȥҲϷôһ𣬻Ҵ˵ɿ
ҲŽˣʪӣҲûʲôӰ죬һ·Ͽɽһֿܽػ仹ժһ䣬Ȼֳ˵㣬ͷϺж
ֳͶý俴СȻоеۣ֪ʲô
䣿
˵㣬ȥˣÿ
ֳΣššıӣ俩Цֳǣȥ˴
÷ţ˽˷䣬ֳ˻ϴѹ任ϣ˵㣬ŵһζ
ֳʶ˵ʲôζ漴һʵζȻԼҲᣬȻŵζһȻѸٵĸϵߣ֮סˡ
޴Ļһ˵Ĺһ˲ͽΪȥϷˣ̫ҲǱߣ˲࣬ҲŮ߸̫࣬Ժ׵ˮȴ޼¡
ԺȻиˣӢɫףǺ¡
ŵֱӿ
÷ϵ˵ιֹſ
ֳ֪ﶼӦĵؽѣŻʱ棬⻰˵ͿһиŮ˵÷ˣǾҪˣ
÷ȴ¶ΪѵɫʯǵطҲֻݵˡ
ԽԽʱĽľͷģһȼٶ൱Ŀ죬ǼվԺȴȻܸоȵĻ档
Ҫḷ́Ѭ˿촭ˡ
ʲôĻʱԼҪ
ʯ˵Ҳ÷סˡ˵žǰܣȻȥǸеؽѵķ䣬һûӳֱӴŸˡ
÷ɫף˵Ǻã
ĿԽԽ§ֳĲ޵ǻ𣿡漴ֵڣΪʲôҪ򷭲豭㣬Һ£
־ֱͯ顣
ӢվסˣҲǷֱֳۣҾѡ
ֳǵӦ꣬һڹͻϣ̫ڻ֮׼ӢϵˮȻѣֱӵˡ
ô᲻һѵǰˣ
ֳҲµķ֪ǺҲûʲôˣŬĻŻʱôԾȣ
漴ͻȻ˵ҼǵúиС԰ǰɣ滹г
÷һӾͶصĻ˵ҪȥǱ߾Ҫ᷿ǱѾˡ
ŴĺԺԺӶ󣬵վ˵ĻӣնϵľģǺ̾Ѭǡ
ֳűɵĶ᷿̲סʵ·û
иСС̫ĿİͰ͵˵ԴӴúǶǽȥ
ûţ
С̫Ŀֳϻ⣬ص飬ѵ㲻ţ˵˿Ǵһ
С̫ܵ˹裬˵иƽʱǼȥЩʳϣ÷ùãҴˡ
÷ŭ˵˭ǵĵӡ
ֳĴϵ÷Ҫ⹷ǶҪˣǾڤڤаźõģôҪأѵֲ壿
÷Ҳֳ֪˵ĶԣųΪǶ֪˶ٴΣֳĻס˵ֹ˵ǡ
С̫ǽڳȻһש˵שͷǻģȻȥԱߵģҲ½˳һڡ
ŴĳǽǳĺʵرǹģשͷʵģûضţòҪԭȾжԼû취ȥ
С̫͵ʱשͷɶˣҾƿˣҲǹġ
˵ˣȥֳԽԽĻ棬̲סϵˣʱ̸Щ
С̫Ҳ֪˹ȥ
ֳԽ˵䣬¸ҵģȥˣǾܻţԼ׺͵и硣
亦µĲУֻ޲ùֳϣҲֳ֪˵ĶԣֳĹ£ԼǸ˹ȥ
С̫ӹ˽䣬ֳһȻӢ˵ιȹȥɡ
Ӣû뵽ֳȻȥһʱٸнԼǰĶⶼ̫ˡ
ֳԥ˵죬Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
ӢҧҲǲʧֱ̬ȹھ˹ȥӢȥֳ˹ȥǸ÷ӹǼŮ̫඼һˡ
ֳѽŵ˳ø÷ţʵ˵ˮ˵ǳΪʣȻ˵ߵĻˣ
⡭̫İĲ軨Щ¼Ҳ̫ġ
Ҫиôٸⲻϣ
Ҷʱ˾񣬼˰ѳĻˣֳһҲûдֱ̣ȥ
ŪãҲԽԽֳ˳俴ֳʱͿˣҲɵڸ÷Ҳֳ˵㣬ﶼѪ
ֳſﶼѪۣһӢĬĬֳȴͻȻ˵ֹǰǹۿ˵͡
ֳ˸Ͳ֪涼ˣйŮִˮˣϾȥ̫һԲȥ˵űջȥˣ
лҪ˵찾ҹдȻ۾Ѫˣӣ˯˫ɡ


 38 

ʮ
̫ȻҲż, ϾǾ˵ˣһ, ֪˶飬ϵǺܳȣ˵, Ҫˣô죿
˵, ĸ, ô죿
ʵʱӶˣ𽪳򫱻ߵĵǶʱ, յĻ겻, Ҫźȥ, 񽪳û, ֳˡ
һ뵽䱻յĿȫǣֻߺڻʹĿ޺絶ʣһľҪ, ʱ, ˽ı۰򣬰
µġ
ϤĪĸ˴ο̧ͷ, ˻ʵۣѾǼǸż۵̫ӣһΪλӸλԴϵĻʵۣĺˡ
æͷؾص˵л¡
ʵ۶£ŵһˣˡ
򫣬ȥ
ߴĺ˳ȥһɫӰʧ·ľͷ콪򫴩ǺɫĹۡ
֪ǽȥˣҲȹھ׷˹ȥ
̫ΣŻȥ׷ϱѵȥ׷
ŻȻ򣬲˲ͷϵĺˮ߶µ˵ȥ漴Ůһʱ£䣬һҪúõġ
һ˴棬̫ˣڰðҪסգѾָ˻ˡ
ʵۺ̫Ҳ˹ʵ۶Ĵܹ˵ϧһУһҪѱ俤ȳֿЩŮڷʱȻڿ֣ˣ⼸˶ȥ
һʱ˶æȥȻ
̫ܵǰʱ򣬲ˤһԵŽ˵ҶãгһҪҲȻǸõģһֱ
ֳԼغͰһʱ˵һҪŲС
򫴹ƺΪ˲Ȼģ˵֪ˡ
ŽǹŹİΣҲܿܲˮ
ļ٣ž޴Ļ棬桭ֻҪһ뵽һ㣬ͼҪϢ
һ˺̶
ܵĿڿʣͷ󺹣ӹ̶ͺȥֻһھͣ£̧ͷ˵Ļʵۣˮͷգգ۾Űˮѹȥ
ʮǰŮʱȣȴֲϲ̶ʵ֪ϲ𻨣̶һЩۣ˹۵̶̵ģһ˳ϵ⡣
ֻʲôã
վڻλ֮ǰȻѡ˻λȴһ仰ͶûС
Ӳĳ̧ͷָֻ˴ݣʱҲ˹̫̫һͬŽģ
ҪûյĻ棬ʱɵˣ̲סֱ̫ۣҵĲУ˵ĸ󣬱ô죿⻹ܾȳ𣿡
̫Сʲôã𣬻飬ʮֵĴϻۣһͳסϴûȣͷ۵ķ˵㰲һⲻǻʵۺͳ취Ȼ𡣡
̫ȻҲżŮ˵øղ߿ˣҲɣ
̫ȴְο̫ν壬˵ôɵģ𼱡
ȥ˻ʵ۸ǰˣֱĸоȶȣջٵ
ܹսս˵£ƴȫ˻Ҳ˲ˣ̫󣬶Ѿջ١
ʵĿ˵Ҫ˵Щ޴Ӧһȳ俤֪Ϸԡ
ʱʲô˵ˣź˻ʵʮ꣬ô᲻֪ʵ۶ǵ⣬֪⻰˼ǲϧһдˡ
Ѿջˣŵˣʵ˵˼ϣչ˵֣ҾôһŮһҪҡ
ʵ۵˵Ȼ
ŰģһԵйŮĵϣָ˸ˮʵۿһۣ̲ס̾
ʱͻȻ᷿׸տ壬ص죬ŵڳ˷
֪˭ˣʲô𣡡
ʱڳ˿ʼ˹ȥ̬ǿӲѼ޵ĹŮнкǸҲץȥȻߵ˻ʵ۸ǰ˵£ȥС
ʵʵøΣ
˽ȥѾˣԴȥ
ʵʵˣһֱڵһʱ䣬Ͼȫǻ𣬸ղŸû취˽ȥѾˣ˵иڿԽȥˣ˵ȥ˹
ʮѵص̫׳ˣȻ֪Լȥ֮󼸺ûг·
ÿŸ죬ˮŪʪ֮󣬾ʹĶ߳˽ȥ
Щ˺滹ԤѡҪǲУ˽ȥǹ˺ܾãʵҲӣ˲ű˴˳
ȥʮˣȻֻˣиˣ˵ҹûС
ؽأ
ؽиŮѾˡ
£ϣ۶ʱ񣬺һľͷˣ̫󺰵ض϶а취ģ
̫νæ͹̫Ĩ̫Ѩָ˼ǡ
ȴϸʵ˵˵Ƕȥ
̫ˣѪģǽȴûпһһֱϸϸʵܽ˵ûȥ԰
ǡ
˵ʮˡ
һ˵үҪʲô漴Ӧ˹ɫף˵ү侲ʱȥֱҪ
ұ졣󣬵۾ðŻ𣬶һŻȵƺջһС
Ԥţʹ֪Ҳ޿κΣ֪ԵõวҲѵʹҲԸġ
סˣ֪ԸĮЩƣǺ壬ʲôģӵѪ飬ССֶκ
ҲٻᷢƢ³ҪǱʹˣҲαˣҲǻʵһֻһֻ۱һֻԭ
ǽ죬ǵһοӣ˾ͺһŻ棬Ѿȫȼˡ
ԭһֱ侲İ˻飬ʵҲ
ǣү֪ǵʱ϶ڶ᷿Ͼ֮ǰЪҪȥ԰Ҫȴģȥؽ˼ʵؽˣǾûϣˡ
ʵѹı۾ΨһԲĵؽѶûˣɼѾ׶༪ˣο˵Ļ𣬴ΨдȥطʵҲһƣĵʱȴʮֵı
򫣬㲻ȥ
ڻָǣײײǰקŽ򫣬޵Ѿû˱䣬Ҳи⣬ǲҪ˵Ŵѹֶʹ࣬Ҳ棬
û˵ͿͻȻ˦ҧ˵Уҵýȥ
ʱ̫ڷˣϵ˵գҪȥˣνǣ޹˶ѣȻɡ
ֳһİֻžľȼյ
ҪȥȴץŽ򫣬Ƕӳ嶯Ѫûˡ
Щʪʪģ̧ͷ򫷢۾˵Ҷˣ˵һϡ飬ʱѺһ޵ĲԼȴһһ˭ǰģһᶼû
ڽȻڿޣ
򫿴ˮϷϵûС
̲סʧʹ˵ްɣҪѹͿޣôСƽʱ̫ˣӦöһЩΪʲôֳ˵ǺҲǿǰҲѰ޸ĸģеȴûиΪģҶԲס
۾ĵŻ档
ʵۿ޲ֹȥѾܲסⳡ߿ˣһʱ̾˵ȥ£һҪˮʯ
һ٣Ͼ֪ҪһȷѪˣ˭˻ɺϵʱ
ʱȥ˺ܾã̫ΪѸߣû취վ̫ãȥ˾ʹϢȻ̫Ȼȥˣ˶ԭؿǻƴӳٱС
ƿ˵ȥúͳһ⻰ضˣ˵һȥ
Σգҡ
ǵ˹ȥ˸Լһ˴Žȹϵ̬̲סԻʵ˵£Ҫү˵̩ɽҲˣʱȴ¡
ʵ¶Ժɫ˵Ȼõġ
̫һֱæǰæģ߹⻰ѰȴǲҪѽˡ
ԽԽ󣬵ջ٣԰ĳҲȼܶͺɫֳ˵Ūʪˣס졣
ֳղŵĹҶӡ̣ĻŮǶӣ̫ҲУȻҲûģ˺䡣
ֳ˳֮Ͱѱ䱧˹֪亦£Ψ߲аȫУӵһǾˣ
Ūʪݸ˽䣬һҪţǻҪһԲԣ
ݺݵĵ˵ͷȻСץסӡ
ѾʼһƬˣ̫ˣڳֻ¶ԴֳΪҪŽΪͻȻ͸о˳ԼŤͷһȻӢֳЦЦΪǺˮӢЦȴֿů
һͬŽ䣬Ҫ̫ܾǱˮУȻﲻסڳһֱ۾ֳĻǱˮУȻٳ
ֳýԵļֱۡ
ʱ̫ˣֳúҪȥֻǿһţܲסȥˡ
ֳҩó뽪һ㣬һ꣬Ȼǲͬģڻָ˼ǣ޵㣬ܲˡֳرȴǷϣиԼ˵ģǣϾͻˡ
ǹһãɢȥֳ۾ѾѬˣ񿴵һ˹
ɫͺһӢһ㡣
⻰Щţֳʱôģ˾һ̶ȣٴοϣʱ򣬾ͻһЩ
俴ˣɴ۾ʱ޺磡
򫿴ųѬڵˣ£Ͼʹǵ߹ȥֳȻֳŽ䣬ǰ˶˳
أ磬ô
ıˣ۾ͨ죬ȥ˽䣬ȻֱֳĴУʵĸо
ȻԽıס
Ӣ˳Ž򫱧ֳͽ䣬Ǳʧȥ䱦ȻԭȻ˵ĸо
Ȼһ㶼ֽѵĸо
лҪ˵ǧˣһǧ첹ϣھȻĳǾΪģǲҪ̫档


 39 

ʮ
֪ŵʱ, ֱţͺѾķ, ͻȻ䡭ʧ飬ϲ
򫱧Ž, ֳҲûľͳ˹ȥ䡣
, ء
һʱ˶Ŵӷ߳, йŮ̫ǣ÷Ź̫ǰ, ˵, ̫, ֹ, Ȼס俤ûˡ
湬Ů̫඼͵˵ѽֹע, 
Ž, ȥסֳ֣޵úӣлˡٻĸлһˡ
ֳ˼ʵ, һ뵽ղյĳҲǺ£ּ۵ĿԼʱίĵᡣ
Ӧģ˲𡣡
ֳ޵Ŀһֱֻס˵ܺã
ʱŵײײܹϻžζȻǸղźȾѹֳȴûп䣬ΪһֱֻŽ䣬濴ĺҵıأ
ò࣬ҲӣоôһŮȻ۰ģֻΪһֱߣٺӴûʱȥչԼںˡ
µʱҲãһ£һ뵽ôһɵŮûˣȻ۵ĲС
ʵۼȵɫ죬߹ü˵ֺ˶٣
̫ʵҪѵ˵Ҳﵣģź˾ơȻ˵
˹ſ䣬Ҫȥ˸չȥͱƿű˵ó
ڨڨģջ֣˵ȥȺȲˮϾûζˡȻ۵Ŀźϵḷ́˵Ͼͻˡ
Ͻȥ·ҲҪ̫˵
һȥ˸ֳʰһйŮϴѣȻ̫ŵģֳЩ󣬵Ҳȴʪ·ǿ࣬Ϊ̫󾭳͹ȥ˼ŵǺʡ
ﶼˣ̫󣬻ʵۣʺ̫Ӻ̫
ֳ̫Ẓ́һʱþĶǵĲУ̲ס޵˵⺢ĺã׻˵Ʊж񱨣ϧֹƱȻܵţĽ䣬ϧ˵ҲǹԵģСС;ΣңԺдΪ
ȻǺµģһֱֳţȻҲǿ־壬ȴ˵ĸҶ˳ġ
̫Цϣ֪ˣʹ͡˵ſһԵĻʺ˵ʺҿ⺢ʵϲ˴һͷ˸Σ
ʺȻ̫ᷴ˵ȫƾĸ
ʺʮׯ磬޸ʵ֮͵̫ӣЩһֱûʲôڸУ˵ʲôǸͣûԼ뷨һ
ֳ̫Ļһʱס˵ʹá
̫ʹ֪֮ͣģϽл
ֳ֪ǵˣɵ˵л̫ȴ̲סţˣзˣһʱЩӦô;ԽҪ͵Խǻ
Ϊ£̫ҲĹˣϷҲˣֻǴˣҪסȥ
ʺǸģϾ˵ĸסʹɡʹǻʺסҪó̫ס˼ˡ
ȴ˱뷨˵ĸһҪסס絽Сסһʱ䣬Ŵڻ
̫Ķ빬ˣҲȥߣҪһҲǱŵˣȥտ䣬һЩʹˣ¹롣
ʺ󼱵ĸⲻϹѽ
̫ʱ˵﷢ô飬һû㣬Ϊʲôˮأǻʺ֮Դ
̫һ˵⻰ʺŵĹ˵ĸԼܣĸܾˣһ᳹¡
̫֪ջʺͣ²鵽ݺȥҲûиϢʵŻͷİ˰˵ຢڸǰأʲôȻŻʵ˵ʶ⹬ʵǲˣȥסһӰɡ
ʵ֪̫ºֻͣҪ飬ǲ׸ıģҪ˵һγô飬յĻǴ˭ҲȷǲҪ̫ҲǺ£ڲĸ֮ǰȥסҲǺá
ĸȥɢɢҲãֻǻز١
̫˵˵Ȼ㿴ŰžСȻ󻹲ֳ飬⺢ǺõģҲҪϧʹˡ
ʵЦ˵Ȼĸôϲ޾Ů
ողĺ̶ȥ¶׾һ̤һ⻰ͻȻ˵£µ˭ΪȻģǱȻϤˡ
ҪǱڻʵ˵ʱ϶ŭʵۣǽ򫲻ͬʵ۶Դʮƫģ⻰˵˵öԣȻΪ̫ʴȣҲʮֵĿôҪ˴±Ҫ顣
£ܹһ¡
㣿ʵʵЩԥϾǹڵ飬ǽ֣һЩ˵Ĳý򫰵еˣϾСѷϾҪˣ
ȴܼ֣˵ֻǸҪܹܡ
ʵŵͷ˵׼ˡ
֮󽪳ָʵرôֹˮʵ۾;˸Ҫ˵Ļˡ
ΪҪӭ̫ȥͶˣȴδ۽䣬Ž˵Ҳ֪Ҫʲôʱȴúͳȥ
ڻδǴĸ׵ĻֻصֳĻ˵˭оȣҲֳˣǰצһֳǣһǰһˡ
ŽӵſڣͿӢȻһֱûڵ
򫿴Ӣɫģ˵ްɣ
ӢЦЦֻЦݶ˼ּ˵үҲ̫һЩɣδӡ
Ӳ˵Լܣ˭
ӢըˣŽ죬˵Ȼϲβ˻£Ҳܳȫǡ
Ȼûзϣֻ˵Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣ֮ãɶϷ
ֳ˳ܣͷˣôˣתһ룬һӻδŮӣؿҲܲ˰ɣ
Ӣҧһ˵Ҳ㡣ȻֳЦ˵лġ
лҪ˵


 40 

ʮ
֮ǰڹΪͻȻԵĳ, ֳӢûü˵ϻ, ̫ӢҲǾ㵵ĲУźµİס, , ֮ʹӢȥ˶, ͵˹⣬Żȥ̫
ֻӢһֱû, ſڵĵֳźл
ֳȴǺȻ, ȻܴӢ, Ϊʲô֮Ͷ, Ҳûŵȥ, ȴô֣صĵл, æһС¶ѡ
Ӣȴ˵, ôС£
ֳҪҵݻ, ڵʱ£ι᲻𣿡
Ȼᡭ
Ǿ, ˳ֵ飬ιﲻ̫⡣ֳЦ˵
ӢֳЦһʱȦ, ȴסˮ˵ֹԺҵĺýã˭Ҫ㲻ãǵҡ
ֳ
Ӣ֮ǰûпһ۽򫣬ȻҲں˵δʵ֮ĹϵѾֽҲǺˡ
ֳŽԭĽ򫣬ȻҲҪ֪ǰ̫Ҳûڣ̫
֮󣬽һ仰ûУֳҲͷˣ󱯴ϲƣʱһһεģĽůԾؾ˯˹ȥ
˯Уƺ˱ԼǻȻЩӲȴů˹ӣͳ˯˹ȥ
ʱѾˣֳһ۾ͿԼȻڽĻ֪ʲô¹ӷ϶͸ӳڽεüϣŵĴͼ°͸һ˵ĸǿ
ֳЩԣʵҲһ룬߶ʵ̫ƫˡ
ֳΪ˯ѣĿЩʣһδĺӣ¶ɰϧ
磿ֳ˽һͻȻҪѿ򫣬أ
򫰴סֳ°ͣ˵Ѿͻȥˡ
ֳеɣ֪ǲΪɫԵʣҲΪΧ̫ˣȻýټᡣ
ȻֳͿԽԽܿʲôû취˼ˡ
ȵģԵģҪһǣͬһֱֱֳû취ȴ˳ԡ
󣬽ıţΪǶɫֳͨԵ˵ֻҵġ
ֳ
ֳ˸֮ȥ˽䣬ûȻ׼ȴǰˣ縣÷ԺӣȻڳ̫ϲʽ
˯ѣĸź³СԴģΣֹ϶޿޵ģССͣԸȴʮֵš
СӽЩ̰ԣڸĸˣ˵һҪһţϴκյ֣Ǹ㣬ҽˣһ뵰ԣ
ĸΪѣΪЩ֣һֱʳʳҪþòŸһ㣬ƫƫϲ⡣
ֹ
һ˼ĸǺƹźǮһ㣬ֳ£ҲҪ
ǽȴǲͬΪԴߣĸ̫ܵĸսսģˣұϰߣʵҲһѰɡ
ֳȴĵ۰䣬⺢ӱ̵̫ˣֶֹ£ˮһ͸档
˲پţһЩɡ仹üˣֲֳһ䣬һ̫ˣˡ
죬֪еĳԣҲ;òôʧˣȻֳİοվͰֲ֣ܳԵ⣬ǲǺܺã
ֳѴ֮Ͱѽ˵ˡ
ʱÿ˰һţֳһģȴֻа˶ǳԵĽζҲöˡ
ýѾѰѣͷҲϴˣȻͷǰʪģֻΪϴԵ׾ѩһ̤¹ꡣ
ֳ͸һɸɾ͸Ľ򫣬ȻЩͷ͵ţĽ򫣬ʮֵȾָ֪ǲҲԡˬζ
ȻֳܿͱԼȻ˼
ֱֳĿԼвֵǰ棬˵һЩš
ȻֻţʮϲĲȣȻȵţĽƣĵͣЩطۺɫһͷǳڡ
Ͼӣϰģֳܴͽ棬ţȻ˵ζǲȻֿۣʼȻ˰š
ֳԼǸֵʾͲҶˣϾҪάԼĳ˵󣬵Ȼи飬мӵƯ·أǰ붼üڵĺҪǳˣͲˡ
ȻҲܴ̼ˣԭţĶţҪҪһ£Ȼһ
˶ʱĲУһ̧ͷͿĹĵģӶһģһˣԳɫ¹һʮֵˡ
˵ǶˣԾͳ԰ɡȻ˸ֳͽţֳ֪ԭҪô࣬ʵָǡ
һǺĽ飬ͻȻʱͻüֱмܣڵֳ
ɫ̫̫Ժܽػɢķ㣬ȻҪСţڣˣ
ֳֵĸоȻһ̣һ𣬾ȻһˣϵĽܲͬԷЦţǻѼ飿ޣֳҡͷҪǽĶֳϧղӢȡԼʱӦͬⲻ
ܿ죬ֳӲĳ
˳˷Ǿ㷹ԵСӹĹĵģϽʳĲˮü˺ȣҪǸģĵţҪôô࣬ô죿
ܿͻˣȻǲ̫ʵۺͻʺ󣬻̫̫Ӷ͵
ֱ̫סԺӣʰ׵ʵ֮ǰΪֺ̫˵̫סϣõһԺ̫󣬺̫˵ĸ⸮Զס
⻰Ȼ̫˲ѣͣϲТ˳Ҫ˵ڹס˰뱲ӣҪ͸͸ˡ
ʵȻΪԵТǿĸôȵ䣬μѵĸģϣ̫Ŀģܳ꣬ԼȻ̫ҹֳ飬Ҳͬסˡ
ʵˣֳʹŽ䣬ǰ棬ȥ밲ڵ˰ҹŻȥ˯
ϻȥֳմϴ˯ˣһ磬ϴϣȥ̫밲ȥԺͽһȥ̫ס
ŵ̫ԺֳͿĶӽǫλҲڣȻ밲ģⲻѽ
̫˭ǿ񱾳ŮˣЩ˭̣ϲ̨ˣȥ̫밲˵Ļ
Ȼ֪һģ˵ѾüûˣҾʣҪҷŵĵط
ֳԸоЩ֮ɫˣǿϣ⻰ɫһЩ˵»Ằġ
˾͹ɵ˵һԣƺ׼ߣȴǲϣ˵㻹ɵվʲôﲻ˵ҪǷŵʱ򣬻Ằǣ漴һ䣬˵ѵ˵ΪүһӣҪ̫󣿾㣬һ檣Ҳ䣿
ǰֳ˵̫Һûиǵģʲô˵ǾǮֵ㣬ȥϣʵÿ仰ģãʵǸͷ
һֱϵģֳ֪ʵҲ˭ƨһܺϲ
ȴ˵үġ
ֳ
֮ǰŽǫȥ빬̫ˣֱ̫뵽ۡˣô󷽷ȥ밲
ҲǹԵġ
ֳ̲סͬţʵ΢£ǲǽ־Ͳһˣ
תһ룬ֲԣԼ̫ˣǳһеķ⽨ᣬͲϲϲ֮ǰӢ˵ǽ֮ãϲϲ
ʱ˹˶վſڣ̲ס˵ôȥĸûѣȻҪȥ䣬ں棬ĺүū澴ǫˡ
£ϾͻͷŽǫЩĿԼʱǰסӣ˵ߣ㡣
ĿȻʲôֱǰ棬ֳ̾ɵĸں棬Ҳװʵĸţȴ֪֮ûиŽȥ
лҪ˵

 41 

ʮһ
̫һɫ̶ͼӣǶ˺챦ʯĶ, ׸ɾ, ЦüĿģͨ˼ҵĸһġ
ֳ̫ҲǸ, ôһ, ʱ;ýӵĲС
̫, Ȼǰպǵ˳
ԭһӦǽ򫣬ΪҹҪȥֵҹ, Ͼû
Ȼǽֳȸ̫̫Це, ǿ, һǳɫĽС, 洩ССɴȹ, ཱུ, ͸껭ϵƵģЦ̵, һҲ챻ֵˡ
̫ԽԽǻϲֱ, ˵䵽, ĸ
͹ɵ˹ȥ̫Ѻӱ, ģģʮֵ˳֣Цһ׸ڽ˵ǹԺӣûùŰɣȳһˡ
俴׸⣬ʿˮ˵ĸϲ׸⡣
̫̲סҡͷ˵֪㡣Ȼȥֳմһۻɫ÷ӣǴɫȹϴҲ飬ȻĺѰòüĿģȻסֳʡ
Ҳ
ֱֳĸůˣ⺢̫ɰˣʱҲ̫Ļǰȥ̫Ҳ˸׸
һǷˣǽˣһ̶ֿá
һʱҶЦЦ꣬˵ĸǷϣǽǫҵСӡ
Ҳ֪ӲʺϣԾֱ˵Сӡ
̫ȴǺͿģ˵ͷ̫ˣ˵˵ǫĸ񡣡
̫ȻʵнǫҲǵã㣬ĸĸ
ǫ̫˵ɷʮֵĴȰ͸Ѱ̫̫һ㣬ԥ£ָŷ˵
ǲֱӺΪĸ׵ģܺĸ׵ֻеĸȻǺ
̫˵ԭѽ
ɫЩÿˣ˵ĸõȻӣҲҵĹ⣬ĸصش밲ˡ
̫ͻȻȵӣҪʲô֣ޣ˭ĵӣǲߥ޵Ƿǲˣ
ֳû뵽̫Ȼǳ۰ĸȱ㣬ڹȴϸ񣬰㶼ݡ
ŵֱӹԭżϣݣȫǿ־壬ǽǫҲŵֱӿ
ĸŵǫˡ
ϣŵϱ棬ƵҸǰ㻹档˵Ȼˣҿ˿Ϳһëӣǰץס˵ҽ첻㣬ҳϱ裬㵱û˲ǣ
ֳͿôһˣ̫ڵᣬǺݾ
̫Բܲ˵ӣЩȴǲûɫ￴ֳæŽ˵һ˳ȥ
ͬҲǳϲֳĻ飬˵ȥɡ
ֳ̲ס˵㣬Ҷ
ǶһҪ밲ȻҪ̫£ʱ̫òͣʵ£ʺ˶Լȥԡ
ֳ׼ŽȥסûԺӣߵ˳ȾڴĲҽɼ̫ºĴ
֪ΪʲôֳȻЩʹ죬Ҳǻá
ôϲӣźլŮ˵飬ҪǲĸͬѺӴȷʵǲʣοֻһӡ
ʱֳϼ׵ĺô̫裬ί϶Ҳǻ۵ģֱ⡣
ҽһ˵㣬ǲǱĺʹ
ֳ˽Ķ˵˵飬Ҫܡ
ɵĵͷֻۿЩģ˵еĺÿ
һĺӣֳҲĳϣԼĸȻҲ۵ģֳôοȴ˵֪ˣ϶ҪܷģҲҪѹ
ֳ.
ֳʹŽȥӣҪ緹Ź׸⣬Ͱ棬ζСԡ
˻ˣʱ˸װ顣
극С˵֬飬˾ͷǳȤֳЦҪҪȥһ֬͸̫󣿡
Ҫ
ֳʹŽһ֬߸˵ˡ
ٺֳ̫̫ݣֱڴ˺üգҲΪأ죬˵ʱ׵ġ
ֳ˺üĹϣű˵Щ飬ȻΪ
˼죬ֳķžˣʵʥֳּȥӭӣٺ˾Ͷֳ֪ʵ۷Ϊˡ
ԺֳҲһĹŮзŵǮָ˵Ĳιȥֻڱӡ
ʱúܿ죬һգ۾͵µףڼ˵׵˺ܶࡣ
̬ǰһˣİֳŵĿһ֮ǰ޵ĻҪּĸŵǰЩˣζ˳ˡ
ֳһ½
ڼ佪æģҪæų飬Ҫܹһʧ飬ȻæĲС
ŽҪԽԽԵЩһҪ˫ЬӴȥһ־õǱ߾ǺҪ׼׹·ѿⷿƤӶ˸׳죬⻹ûҵģ̫˴ӹƤžòȥ˴멡
һֳеǰ˵һڹЩͷۣҳһ裬ҩЧʮֵĺãҶʱͲˣҺһЩ裬ȴûǸЧá
ϼҸĸһʽҵģҩǳһҲܳʮӣѰҩЩͬҲ͸ʮһﻹʣ¾ȫ͸ɡֳڱһɡ
˵ôģЩţңȥ򡣡
˵Ǽҵ洫طֻãġֳæҪȥ򣬻¶ˣͲҪΪˡ
Ҳǲˣ֪˼ңҲҩҲ⴫˵ǾͿϧˡ
ֳ˵ҵģԵñůͲ֪Ҫ˸ģҪˣǹ۵ġʵҲܵġ
ֳֵ̲ססж˵Ǹúӡ
ֳȰĿ⣬ȻЩ飬Ȼʹ˵ﻹиı裬ҲŰɡ
۾һϲ˵Ҫôл㣿
ֳ˵ʲô֮ҪôҪСʱңûл·ˡ
˵Ժͺĸɣģġ
лҪ˵ϲϷҪˣϾҪˣٺ


 42 

ʮ
ģ׼ҩ, վ׼, ˵Ƕë멣ֻ޲ðһļĶ, ֳ˵, ˵⺢, ԴӱһӾ͹屩ŭ, һΥĻ˵ãҪϾǴ, 뿪, ȥĵĵط
ֳ⻹˵Ƚί, Щ˵Ļ, ֱ, Щ곤Ľ컹ã϶ųȥ̧Żġ
ʵ, ʵΪƽϢһϽΪ˧, Ͻǻʵ۵ĸʵȨڽ
ֳο˵, ĸʵ֮ǰȥĮ˰֮, ĿЩʧİǣһʱ嶯Ҳ˼ǹģұܣʲôĵģֻܵű˴ǡ
ֳ˵ģģȻ̤ʵ˼֣ʵҲ߿ѣۿųԽԽû¶һΨһżϻ
úӣ㲻ðοҡ
ֳѹЩദԽϲ˵ĸ˵ģ϶ᰲȻġ
úã㼪ԡ¶Ц
ȥ·ϣֳΪҪȥ԰Ļϲ֬ʲôҪһԣ˶ٽܡ
ٽһֱڵȻᣬѰ˺üգڿֳǰ·ȥȥ˺԰ϲĵĸȥˡ
ֹٽ˵꣬־ЩԣϾ͸˿ڣ˵Ӧˣϲֹˡ
ֳԶٽܺкøУϾԺĴҪ˵˶ǷǳϿҵģ˵Уҵģ£
ٽ˵С
Ҫϼȥ
ٽܵͷżֲĿ⿴ֳ٣ʵǾ޵ݣΣȴȻҵľˣҵ䷶Ůкܣһ߳жȴֻԼûһȡ֮ģȥ֮Եſ״ԪɣҲûȢ¡ٽ˵ͣһ£һεĽкӳûʸңһӣֻ룬һ죬ҸУӢδޡ¼ҡ
ֳо˽Ȼ󱻻ʵ۷ǶˣҪ˵иӢȥŪֳֿȵ
ֳжˣٽʵ̫ˣͲˣϾҪˣҲҪԼĺ·ǣ˵ٽܻǲѡ
Ҳܱ֤ʲôϾҪúõĥ·뻹ǽӹ˵УԺԸд𣿡
ٽֱܼϲһŮҪдţ˼ȻԶˣ˵ܣȻܣҼеĵַ
˷ֿʱٽԵᣬҲ֪ͦģһʼòǾԼ˼ֳ˼ҲûȫܾǺõĿʼǣ
һͷˣȴǳ˸ɾһһҪö顣
ֳصԺѽд򿪣ͿһȣֻȻǰⶫƷǮҲһõɼٽܵ⡭һ뵽ٽݣŬĻԭедڻ֮Ÿ֮⣬ڻ²ûἰҲ֪ǲС
ֳӷŵ˻ױĺŽȥʱ򿴵һĻԾ˳еŮЦȻīŨ࣬ɼŵ飬ʲôأ
ֳģְѻ˻ȥ
ϣŵʱǮ˽͵͵Ķֳ˵ҸղԺ￴˭ˣ
˭ֳһȻھ֣Աߵһֱϣ֣
ǮѾָ˵˲ˮһ̣Ϻɫһһɫɫѣ͹ģԴֳĵλڸڳԴöԽľͲͬˡ
Ǯ˵Ǹ̫Ժлǰڱ̫˽ȥ·̫Ȼڱͤ档
ֳ֪̫ڴ˷ͽǫǸһ棬ǸˣҪԽǲܵģϾĹѪԼӣӹɣ϶֮ġ
ֳ˵֣ǰ㻹˵أ˵լ֮Уʲô۰ϱţ
ǮֳһźѣĲУԽЩд˵ⲻǡżǲһˣ͸Ůһġ
ֳ֪ǮֿʼϲˣȻǴлʵ֮ľ˵֣ںģҪ벻Ӷȥˡֵ˵ˣһӣǵõ̫ܷ첻ɣֻһļƵӡ󣬻ʵʵģ˾Ʒء
Ǯ룬˵ҲǣĳڳҲ޼¡
Ȼڶֳһȥ밲̫ǵֳҲͲȥˣҲǵŻȥ
Ͼ̫밲ȥ밲Եò̫ˡ
һȥģʲôǵסģοȥԼЩټϷΪҫ˷Ϣȥ
ֳЦ˵㶼ˣû¡Ȼ˵סֳĸ첲˵ֲ˵ŮСް֪ҡ
ֳ˾ȻЩᡣ
ȴָܿ糣˸ֳһ緹˵ȵţ顣ֵģ̫ɲѰˣ
ųٽֳͽ֪϶һˣϾҪԶ˲ǣ
ΪӦ򫣬רŸһס
Ȼһϣֳ˯иоڿԼһƣ򫴩źصļУųڴر߿ս۲ͬĿˮĿ⣬ƺ˵ֳΪҪİˡ
Ȼǲ꼻һֳ֣˹Ͼͻָƽӣ˵ˣ
磿ôģ
Ȼ˵Ůˣû£Ͼͻġ
ֳ
˵ĬһʱЩΣֳΪ˻գ˵磬ʲôʱҸһ˫סȻ˴ԱߵĹ˳СƤģƵʱƷһ
򫿴˫ףðͻȻͰֳ˻ģֳס۵Ľ磬ۡ
΢ſһЩֳûһͿֱӰ˴ϣȻѹ˹ȥԵס
ҹﰲñ˴˵ϢӵֳǵͷתģѹؿڣȴǱļУŻָ˼˵磬̫ˣ
ȻʼѼУɫĹۣȻǰɫ¡򫲻ͷĽ⿪һȻֳͿǼһɹɵСɫţȻëʢߡ
ֳԼҪѪˣҲ̫ƫ˰ɣľǰ־ϵģҲһѽ
ȵȣԣ·ʲôֳо졣
˹ʼֳ£ֳŵѹס֣˵磬Ҫʲô? 
ֳӳԣɺµɫЩ˵ҾҪˣ˵ȻʮֵţЩҲҪ⣬鲻˳Һܲ㣬ǰǳ˵û취һҲҪң
ֳôһ룬ǣԭ˵⻰
ǽԭһֱŴĹϵֶûǣĴమ飬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֵʱ򣬽Ͷֶˡ
磬ȵȡ
ȴǲͷʼֳϵ󣬺ֳܿû¶ĶǶţʵˡ
лҪ˵Ҳ뿨ģģǾд϶һдꡣ


 43 

ʮ
磡ֳˡ
ȴǲܲ˵ģԹԼ, , ȴһֱţҲǸ, һ뵽Ҫ, һȥһ֮, ⻹ģҲпܸ, ;һ̶Ȳˣֳģ
, ¶Բ, űĹĵ, ֱǽ˿ڸĲ, ӱ, ȥק϶Ƕϵ
ֳã϶Ǹ֣ô죿ô죿ǰԭ˵, Ӧûǳѽ
֮䣬ֳ˴, ǰһһ, ʶľ͵ס˽ߣסؿڣһѹס, ԽԵԲӿˡ
ֻʲôըȻ;ʲôҺӱӻ
ֳȻѪˣһʱ㵵ĲУʶҪȥ̧ӣ¶Բºˣĸˡ
һ֮󣬽ɫڴϣӵűӣֳһˮڴϣʵǻ
ɫԽѿˣһ䲻ԡ
ֳЦˣǿţϲԣһմˮȻ˽ϵǸӣȵѹڱϣ˾һЩ
϶Ƕ̫ˡֳڵĸعһ²̨˵˵⼸նæţϾ飬ͷҪĴ飬ķû˯þϻ𡣡
ɫ΢һЩֳĸӣֱѪˣˮ˳ȥ
Żʱ򣬽ţֳһֱ֣Ӱ˻ȵǾֳϣϣвԽԽ¡
ۿҪƲסֳæ磬Ѫˣֳ̼˭Ҫˣ
ɫʱͲÿˣһӾͷſֳĲϣҧгݵ˵ֳ㵨ӿԽĴˣ
ֳҲΪ˶磡
Ȼǹõģڽ˵һúܶ飬һƽȴߣ˵ϴš
ֳ
ֳѽ룬ҲѽȷʵǹȣԸŽ򫣬ϴ־̫ˡȻľͳŽʱίȻͺȻĿˣҪлԭ޾Ϳ޵˵磬ҵʲôݣǲǾΪ΢Ϳһϴţ˵־ò̫ǡֲһ䣬˵磬Ϊ㣬Ըκε飬ȴû취ҲƲңҵĶ磬ңң֪ĵˣôһ㣿
򫿴ֳʹͷરવĵڵŵĴɫϣһʱĬ
أ磬Ҫľ䲻ϣҲƤˣŹ··ģ˭䲻أ
⻰ŭקֳ°ͣ˵ң
ֳŽ׺ݵĿ⣬Խί޵ľ͸ˣȻݵĳɷ֣Ҳίıŵˡ
ˣ
ֳȴǿ޵ĸˣļһһʵģŴŵ۽İϹˡ
üͷȻǷա
ֳ޵Խȥƽ򫣬˵ү߰ɡ
ȴͻȻסֳǲͷ˵⵨ԽԽˣţȻʼˣ
ֳŭҲҴ̼̫ˣŭ˽򫣬ͣ£˵ǶƲҡ
Ҫˣˡ
ֳһ̧ͷһĿֽ˿־Ĳɫֳܿе˼һʱľĲС
ֳɫֱӾͰˣ۽ǵˮĲУһ³һ磬Һ¡
۾ʱѾûиղŵˣֻɫȻȻ˵ղŵĵأ˵ͻȻ˴
ֳΪҪˣʱһװģʵ磬Ҫȥ
ȥϴ
ֳ
һֻˣȻѾϴˣڴϣֳ֣˵ҡ
ֳֻ˹ȥıֳֳģȻоһ̲סʵ磬ȥϴģ
ȻЩͷ˵治ڸ?
ֳ֪ڸףȷʵϴõģǻˮѾĩˣϻЩ䣬ˮ
죬ֲҶˮ
ֳ
ֳĦ˰գҪؿڣʵסֳ˵˯ɡ
磬Ҫַָô죿νǵĸѹСأҲʮֵĺãҲѹ
ȴӢ𣿿ǰͲ÷£Ȼװɡ
ֳ磡
ˣ֮ǰҾˣ˯
ֳЩģǹһʹȵĺڷģһҲ˯˹ȥ
һѾûˣΪн˯ĺܲȣʵ˯ĺܺãЩˣȴһСů¯ʮֵ
ȻԸϣȻĪðȡΪ֪»ûʲôס򫡣
ֳЩʧ꣬Ǯֵ
֣ɡ
Ǯֽ֮ż˵ҹǲˮ׵ˮˣֵҹ֣˵ͷۣҶǵϵˡ
ֳǮֵעʵʵ˵ү
Ǯֶʱͼˣ˵ѵүԹ
ֳҡͷ˵ûУַİɡȻȻԸ˵⣬˵ҪȥҶˡ
Ǯ־ֳԽԽߣƺԽԼ⣬Щʧ䣬ţ󣬿϶ͬ˼˵ūͽ˰
ֳ֮ûм򫣬˵ҲûعһֱסھӪǱߣֳ˵˵ǽҲˣȥһȥ硣
ֳһ򫲻ˣȥŻ¾ͽˣһ뵽Щ͸˵ĲУɵ顣
ԴʼһֱŲӣӰ¶գܹˡ
ֳ˴˯ɵʱ򣬺Ȼ͸о˱Լֳŵһ£ۣѪ˿Ľ򫡣
ҡ
ֳûӦͱǵصǸŪԺˣȶԵһķ񣬹˺óʱ䣬ŷſֳ˵ֳסҵˣ˭Ҳܶ㡣
硭
Ŀֽ˿־⣬˵סˣ
洫һ
ȴֳҪݼĿţ˵Ҫ˭㣬͵һŪ
ֳȻЩѹ 磬սϵۣҲҪСġ
лҪ˵ÿ춼˫ÿ춼ֻܸô㣬ҶԼġ


 44 

ʮ
ܿˣҲǴһӵʱ, þ, ֳҲûع𽪳ղſĿ, Ȼ, Ͳȴ, 
ڴϣҹɫ, žЩ£촽, Žζ, ԵΨ, ȴȵĸ, Ҫɵ
ֳ̾һ, ˸ӲĳԼ˵, ǺӢ˻µˣȥˡ
ֻȴǲϸ, ֮ǰĿôһɲ, ֳΪȥȴڲҪӢ¡
ӵ˼Уֳ˯˹ȥ, һͱǮָˣֳһû˯õӣ̲סʵҹүǲˣ
ֳ֪סߵˣ˵ˡ
æظʱ䶼ûУǮ˵ž¶ϲɫǲүİѹϣū澶˵һ䣬ϲ俤Ǹɰģ͹ҪãҹСﳤ󣬱˴֪֪ףܼ޸үǿòˡ
ֳҡͷ˵ʼƲҡ
Ǯ̾һǻǲģ˵ﲻǱϷ䲻ү𣿡
ֳҷΪҲŵĹŮѣ˵һġ
Ǯֳ˼ηͣı䲻˳˵ʵҲûʲô룬ھҸɾСһ׮
ֳҹʱЩ꣬Ҫǽˣ֪ԵʮֵΨҶֻԼϵľֽ޷ܵӢͦΣò˫ʱǿžĿҪ˵¹ҸĪľİʲô飬ܰ㿹ס
Щ˾ԴȻֻҲǲ
Ҳ˶ˣֳǰ׵ĳ⣬ͺںڰͻȻ˷һӾˣǮֵ˵ڽ˵ʹϹķڣҲĨ΢顣
ǣҪˣߺΣԺ󽭺
ֳһɨ֮ǰĳʱ;ˬ
ϴϣѣֳȥԺѵҲڣǻзͽǫ˵ϾҪˣǫҪȥͣҲһ⣬ȻܣҲΨһĵܵܲǣ
̫Ϊ岻ʣͲȥˣһȥҲ̫ʣԾһȥ
Ȼܲͷ˵ҪԼš˵꿴ֳ϶ʱ࣬˵ҪˡȻǣֳ֣һֻǣŽͷƲԺԹ˵ˡ
ֳ̲סţһĹңģʵеѽ
ֳͿŷͽǫ˹˺
һү޵ȴǺＷһҲЩˣȻı
˳⣬ѾˣҪţʵҲ׼ˣĸлʵۺͻʺ̫̫ҲŽֳæ˵ˡ
û뵽ô磬ЩΣ˵ˡ
ʺ̫˵Ȼ˵ʲôסˣ̫˵ˣǵˡ
һһ񣬵˻ʵ۸ǰѾܶû˵ˣһֱܿͻʵĳϴڹֳͽ䱻Χʱ򣬻ͷһ˵
¡
ʵֱĿԼˣؿ
ܿ˻ʵ۵ߣֳͽվ˻ʺԣʱҴҵ˹ŷͽǫﴩһɫӣҲһֱӣʮֵؾ˷ܣȴڲء
ǫսսģҲβס˷ܣȻҲܸˣߵ˻ʵ۸ǰ˵֣ҵСӽǫ¿ͷ
ʺǸعصģ̲סü˭֪СȴǴҲ֪ôģѵûдӣ
տǴӽӲǣ
ʺĴ˵򫱻ߵʱһʼĲУٺ̣յĸ˻һĺ
˵Թ˭ĺ˭ۣǻʺǲͷģҲͲˡ
̫Ӻ̫ҲȻò̫ʣ˵ǳȻֲ˵
ʵụ̲̈סŭˣʲô£㵽֪֪Լʮüˣ궼Ѿ游ȴɵģûУʲôʱ
ǲͷȴֻš
ߵ޵ݣʵ۵ȻǲһģǫҲͷ
û˼ҲǶ棬ҽǽӣԸܣϾ˵£ʱ쵽˰ɣ
ӶģʵۼͷҲ֪̫ãϾ˵һӡ
֮˶˵ˣƤҲûţŽǫָԶ˵һűȥʱͿˡ
ǫ˷˵ܸк𣿡
Ȼܣ磡
ĵģû˵Ļʵۿĵܵܣȥ¶Įɫƺζ޹ˣʹĪϲ
ںϲǲﻹأ
ʱ򣬺Ȼֳѹѹǲԭľô̲ûмʮı˼˵Ͼԭǿ׳ģشﲩȻôǱϾֽϵ֣¡
ʵҲûôҲʮ򣬻·½½Ļͣϱ߷ϵıܺˡ
ǹʮֳΪ𾪣ĿһƬѹѹͷͷҲֲЩ˵ʵһУ˵֮Ĳ̣ǮѽʮıһʳľǶ٣Ҫ˵̿ɲһ졣
Դ̹ͿˣӮ˵ãˣ֮ˡ
򫴩һɫףһƥɫͬһֻʵıһ㣬â¶
Ľ򫣬ǵģɵĽ˶ĳϾȻҫͬҲž޴Ρ
ˣžǻӹţȻ򫲻Ǹӹš
ʵۿ򫼤ĲУȦ˵Ź꣬ðʧҪףȴһֱûнϳսֶԸһԸο
ĻԭһֳȴѪ
ҲǺȦŬҪסʵۼ˵ʼ/ʵҽѪͬʼңǾ仰ֱʮֵ
˱ʿضɽҡʮֵ𺳡
ʵ˳оƣֶ˼䣬л˻ʵۣ˵̤ƽĮˣΪ·ǣȥ˵ȥˡ
ͷԽĪĽţΪһһ뵽Σվ͸ĽţѾ̲סˡ
˵ʲô಻Ҫҫ顣
ֳ˵ĸģ϶ʤ
ͷӹӲ˲ᣬֻǾζЩϤһ̧ͷͿһ̫ݸģǻʵ۵ӣ
ֻȴǲԣɫľͰ
ĿⶨֳϣֻǺܿתһңȥ
ȥ·ϣ̲סˣֳϣ˵ǸӣΪʲôҪҲ̫ˣ
ֳҲú֣ǵסҪ˫ȫһûսأ
Ҳһ԰રવᣬ˵硣
֮ǰ˱䣬ʶĺ£ǿˣֿʼǸʮĺӡ
ȻƽʱЩ½򫣬ѪŨˮˣȴֿʼϾ˲ǣ
ֳֻðοȥοǸն˵ģ϶Ѻ˴ܣʤ̻ġ
ˣҲ֪̫ʧ̬ˣᣬ˵˵ĶԣҶɲѰˣʤ
ȥֳĿԽˣ˵Ǻúӣƽ⣬ȻˣȴֶһŮ
ֳʱЩ˼ˣղͱʱЩ˸Уе㵴س꣬ȫûˣˣˡ
***
֮˺üŻֳȴǻһģʼ׼̵֬顣
֬ѾˣҲˣ͸ӣʵӾͺֵǮṆܴ̀󣬱˵̣֬ӣֱȥһҲв׵룬ֳҲĿģǮȻ٣θڸ󣬲ŲҪôСС֡
ֳ֪æſӵ飬ŷ˵ãŮӣЩ۵˲۸㡣
ֳŹȻλͲһˣǰûŴġ
⼸գֳţСϡĲˣ˵ֹһͷһء
ǮЩ⣬ΪʲôֳһӣȻǮҲ֪С֬ĺܺãҲ˵ܰӾӢĺѽ
Ͼ̫Сסӡ
ֳҲ֪һ㣬˵ֹ֣æɡǮ¶𾪵ɫֳЦ˵ܲһֱ룬Ҫ֣ǧĴ񻹲֪ء
ֳ˵ǮֵĶӣ˳һֱϼңֳ˼ˡ
ǿɲУʲôᣬֵֻأǮЩֳҲ˲ӣֳּʹͣϼʮĶӺͶϱмӶϼֵعӡ
Ǯֵķڼǰˡ
ǸϳԿģʵϣˣĿѧ
Ǯָ˵ĲУҪһ͹лֳ˵лˡ
С˵֣һŸĻ
ǮȻǼΪˣȥС;ôô˳ۣղһ㲻Ҳɢˡ
˵̣װޣŴҲʩӵģ·ǽĹ̨Ҳˢᡣ
ֳ˽ȥͦģְѼϸڸľ˵£Ҫ׼ȥȴſڴСλ͹٣⻹ûҵء
ûҵѽ˵⻰ͻȻͺֹ㣿
ֳһƣȻ骣һﲻǱ﷣˼ôôˣ
һɫ֯ƳۣϵһӣһεĹģɧĲУЦе˽˵ɣȻֹ
ֳĵһۣ̲סţ϶Ǵɣһİɣ
лҪ˵¸ҿܿϲղ¡
׸Уɵˣѧ
İ
ƿ׸´ˣѾõУݲԪ˵쿴㷢΢ˣᳫҲҪ¥綯磬֣һͷǳPerfact,иССɻ󡣡
ԪͦΣһɫTʹ·Ҳܸܵ΢΢İ˿鸹ԸеĲС
ɫ޲˵ʲô
Ϊʲô綯һλأͿڳˣ
ԪÿϵĿ⿴
˶ٵǼʱմԽˣӿϵ޲ðԼǰ鶼
ںͬѧǷֲݰУȻӵһĵһ˹ϱ̬ѧԵĲԪ
ӣ
APPСʹ鷳ֶ׸Уɵˡ~ôôౣ


 45 

ʮ
骿΢һЩǾͶ֮Ƿ, Цſʱ, һ˫˵һĵĲУͺдһ, һԱоˡ
׼֬𣿡骿ڵİ, Ҳֳ˵Թ˵˵̨Щ, ŮӶȽϽС̨ô, û֬Ѿˡ
ֳ֪ʵûôţȷʵԸһ, Ҳڵߵķ, ȻҪûһˡ
ʶվɼҾߵ, , ŪһЩ, ·ˢãáԸµ˵
ֳʵƹɣ
Ҳ, ɷһվɼҾңҵ, ھҲһģɷȴľͲˡ
ٺԾԼ, ֳļ䣬ԭк˵骺Ҳһȣ˵ǹѸϲˡ
һ, ܿЦüģżևNɪһֻƻĺ꣬˵ĲУ˵ǳζˣ
ֳ
ֳһֱĥѡǾԲ骡
ҲԸ⣬ʵͦȤģһܺ棬ҲįȻģǻѽҲ֪ôŮˣִ֪磡˵Ҳܺã(*/أ*) ˵飬һǿˡ
֮ǰΪٹѾˣֳɲƶУȻ̫ˡ
骼ֳһĮȻε˵۵Ѿͷõŵľ骸ĺţȫֻʶˣ
ֳǺסô骵ĵһίСϱģ˽ļƣȻѾǶˡ
ֳͺݺݵĵһۣȴûЦ˵ˣҴȥòãȻǹƻһ˵¶֪иᣬĶȥˡ
ʲôģ
Ц˵иרҪǰ˵ãȻ򲻵պʶƹģֿζ춹ɳ̶ɳֹζģζģ֦ζġ
ֳ֪ʵִıɳãŮ˳Ķ岻ãҲͽԣʵѺܾˡ
ô֪ģ
骿ֳĶӣ˵˰ɣȻˣβȥһΣָ˵ϾҪ붬ˣʱ캮ضģҲóȥ棬ǲ䲻ȵʱǷ㣬ɱˡ
ֳʵ˺ܾˣΪ½򫷢֣һֱڼǰţǸլŮ˭ܵˣ
ԭòˣȴʮֵĶŮˣ֪ô˹ճȥֳߵ棬ŷԼȻ骳ˡ
ķüĿתԴһȻһ·ϲ֪յŮӵעĿ񣬺ֳñû˿ݡ
Ȼ˵ʹָλ·ˡ
߾Ϳһ۵ĵ棬·߽ȥǺѰһȥͱж죬ãǸ԰µĲľϮһӾ˾Ŀиɽˮ羰ʮֵ¡
ЦŶֳ˵ñժ˰ɣѾˡ
ֳ
ԱиͤӣʯѾں˲ˮ̺װŸɹܺС
骶ֳһֱǴ󷽵壬ǳʿֳˮñںĿλϡ
ţȻͶˣϲĸͳĸ
ֳøһ̫ˣ˾ˣ֣οãÿЦʱһۻŵ粻˵̬ĲС
ܿѾһ̹ˮɫıɳֳ֪ʱıȥ궬ıģ˵ôãȻǲɾǵסʵ̫ˣ
ɳѽûˣ
ܷɳĻԵĶǹˣҪǳԳ͹ˣֳôһ̲סڴ
ɳϻһ滹ǣһֺµζֳԲζǳĺá
ֳһڣ̲ס¶Ц
ֳĶ棬εڿЦˣ֮ǰһֱţҾǿŮˡ
ֳһ룬ǣԼղһֱ骶е⣬Щ˼ĳЦЦ˵ܺóԣл㡣
¶ɫ˵ܲһЦͲҷ˼ˡ
õʳܸοģֳȥζıɳҲǷǳóԣһת۾ͰɳԹˡ
ʵɳ٣ÿζҲ׵ӡ
ɳ骾͵ϲ𣿡
ֳͦϲԵģ΢þζͷ˵ϲ
˱ɳһֽԧ㣬ζǳĲҪԼ𣿡ָһԵĳ
ֳʱȤ˵ҿѧѽ
骼ֳü˷ܣݹ˵ӣʱ¶ɫ˵ߣǵȥ
Ѿɺ骽ֳôնȻô˦ɣֳѧĺܿ죬Ͼ˵㡣
նȥãͱҧסˣһԺ
ֳһҧһֻ۴ֵĹ㣬˵زУ˵ҾȻˣ
骵
һԵľͰֳ˦µڶˣܿҧˣֳһһͰ
Ҳ˰Ͱô㣬˵ôôԵ꣬Ҫȥ
ֳҡͷⶫȥ¶ˣ˵ŻȥɡȻˮ˳ˣǶˡ
骣ȻͻȻ̲סЦʵôֵģ
ֳߵҵɵأôϹģ
ֻҪ˾УҶӾǡ
骸˵껰ˮڳֳˣмиɽǶȥ㹳Ϲ㣬ȲƼҲÿ˸ˣҲˡ
ȻԼĵģֳҲܿģջĸо㣬ֳһģóȥ
һѹȻҪٸֳѾǰˣϼڻ԰Ⱦһҫ۵ٺɫߣƻõĸо
骲٣Ȼʼмˡһ˳ǡٹ˹֪ٵá 
骵תִеĴϹݵĵӣֱ㱣Ҫ˵ڡ
ķӡ
ֳ֪ڹԼ̲סˣһǷӣĿע㣬㣬ܱǲŹ֡
ʵ⾰ɫ̫û̫ÿ̫ˡ
ֳ̲סš
źһ骵꣬עֳ˵ԺҶòã
лҪ˵ŮʼӵұˣǱ
ҵģϲһɣûĸģ
ҵģϲһɣ
ϲС裩
İ
ˊСǸǸգȥ϶˫Ƶģʱ򣬶϶ѣ꣬գŹˊȥӣϾͣˡ
޸˿Ҫȳϲ
ţʮ꣬ǰս˽ŷɥǰͷȢӣûԲˡ
Ȣ˸Сֱ֪ô۲źá
С糡
ҹžԼͲһȥˣʲôĶԹҫѾҪˣеϲ¹
¹ˡ
¹ڳԷ
¹ڽζĳԷ
¹ͻȻԼȻ
ů~ܰ~Ŷ~
ӣ
APPСʹ鷳ֶϲС裩~ôôౣ


 46 

ʮ
ջǻ, ֻ骶, Ҫǻ˵Ķ, ֻϧֳֻ΢󰮵ĳ, ϾÿŮӶģȻӲ
ȻϾ׼ôãҪж², ͣ˴żϢĹ, Ȼ˵, Բסˡ
ôһɲǣֳƺ骵鴤, ϾзȵģЦ˵, ׻ġ
ֳ
Щ, ǡ, ֳһƣ̫ͼ, Ҳ֪ôŪ, һǺɫһǰɫ
ǼҵҲܺã
˾һ, ֳ߽ſ壬ԭмиϣ˵, ɫζģɫζҼǵ㲻ܳͳ߰ɫɡ
㻹ˣĴݲˣըСӣȻ⣬ⶫΪζֵطٻϵģϡ档
ԭǲܳģֳѽ
ʼˡ
üùֳƬƬᱡֽţʣζ
ֳһھͣˣⲻˮ㣿ֱóԵĲС
ЩƣϾͷһαܾҪ֪Ϊ˽հţǷ˲ѪȴֳܾˣзȵˣԲľֻȷʵܵġ
ֳڳƬԵķ۴úཱུģҲˣɰĲУӿĪֳȻЩһˣǰҲǸѵõˣ̫ˣڵֳŭЦʮֵ
ƫƫȴΪˡ
ʱСƭӣ˵ԼŵĻʱȴ飬ͺղţϵľܾڣ̰ԵСɰĲС
ЩԼ飬ȴû˵ĻףҪͲ˵ᷳĻ
һٷ꣬Ҳϣֳˣ骺зȣһֱûĻὲһЩȤŸֳֳЦĵĲС
ŷֱʱֳ˵骸磬лյдǿ
¶ևNɪɫЦֳֵ֬̿ҵʱһ֬ҲǻĻҵ飬Ե޷֣ʹ˱ɡ
֪Լ磬ʱӦ¶ǳѵ̬ͻȻ;ЩʹĲУ˵Ϊʲô
ԭ֮ǰƵ᲻װģʵˡ
ֳ˵ĸ׺׵ʱҲڴֻϧ㡭
ǽֶΡ
ѵͲٹ׵ĲɣǰͲƽˣԺ󡭡ҪƯҲǳɻԺ飬ȴƫƫ׵ʱȥɼôţº׵ĳˡֳϬ˵
ֳ˵ʹñתȥĹ顣
վԭأϱʮֵķḻȴ̲ס˵һݵѾͷʵǶҵĿζҪǷˣǲǿϧȻ¶˼ɫ
ֳԼ骸˵ˣĸԼ費ǣϾǺӡ
ֳ骴޳ˣʣ𩣬մ˾ԽȻֶһٽܡ
ֳż˵𩡭ȻЩᣬ϶УԭϾٵֶεõİĽ˳ףĶԶӣ̸ʫʣ¶ˣմϴֳãһɵӣĿԡ
飬ŽŻ¾Ͱˡ
˾ԽھӪΪһν˵ҲһսԸ͵Ȳ
ȥֻʣ¶ٽܺˡ
ԶٽֶܵΣȻǲ½ģֻҪһʱɳǡȻһ㣬Уֻжٽܲϲԭ
ֻǿڶٽܿȡ֮ǰ䲻ģϾݣŮһ۰ôͬ⣿ֻеõͬ⣬ɽѹţŲ֡
һ룬־ƺֻʣļȫͬ⣬Ҫǻ¶ô죿
˶࣬Ҳ࣬ǸʮϽĸң֮ҪعأźţͿ¡
ΨһĺôǣиأӲʮұûеõ²檣ŷ絹ʮֵĺãҲֲʵۣȻǳ
һ룬ȻûһʵģֳҲǷ
ֳص˼УҲʱ򣬵ȴǴʣֻҪ˳飬ӰУһȴиѾſڵһ˵һֱءȻ˵ͻȥ棬ϴҲȥ밲ɡ
ȥɣһ͹ȥ
ͷȹھͳԺӶȥֳص֮Ǯ־˵ⶼʲôʱˣȻڵ㣬ǡʵҲƵƵʱֳҲ̫Ǯֶжˡ
ֳѣȥϴõֲ֬࣬һ֬ȥסԺӣֳվſڵЦţ˵ϣˣһֱڵأǰˡ
ŽȥͿڿĿͷ߻ֳЦ˵ˣǸ͹÷ͷ
ֳ֪ҪˣŴ˺ӣ涼յ÷״һΣִʱˣʱȴǣҪɫΩΩФӣܲףҲƷˡ
ֳʵҪֻܾ֪šҺϲлĸ
ֳЦݣȻܸˣЦ˵⻰ģΪ˺ҰɣΪʲôֻ͸㣬ȴ
ֳʧЦ˵̫ˣǵˤ˿ô죿Ȼϲĸ֪ˣԺ϶մ
źãҪúô͡
˵һȴǾڲֳȥʲôŴԺֳ;Ϊ˴ʵϲ
ԭĽǳΪˣ뵽ĽβһʱЩܣţζҪıһ㡣
˰£ֳ֬̾׼ˣ˸ƵվͿԿҵˣ骻а취ȻĸŪ˹ӣֳˣȴ˴ӸǷˣҲˣֳڷˡ
ʱֳյ˽һš
ֳİ˹żȻһˣǾͲҪٿˣֻǴϵ϶Щġ
Ϸȥ˯ţ˹ӣóǷ
ֳЦǣŷûֽȴװһ춹ŷػƣ
֪ӣλдţ
춹˼춹
ɲǣֳȻ˵ۣ˿˿ģһʼһģɢ˾ʮֵĲࡣ
лҪ˵ǡ


 47 

ʮ
¥, һ, մЩ겻ĿŴ⣬ſϤӰ, ˵, , 
Ӵ⿴մ˵, Ƽˡ
ż䣬մͰѴ, , ˵֣, ǲ顣
Ӹ߰ױ׽մ෴, ǸƢº͵ˣմΪֳ飬ȻҲЩᷳߣȴȥֺȻͻҲֲһصĿȥ
ҲЩƲմܣմǸϺƢ, һʵȤֻմǵĴչҲִЦˣһȥģȻմȻĲɡ
ԽദԽ͵ǳ
ԭմһֱֳϵԼȴǳٳûϢմʱͻȻֳȻȻմ֪ԭֳȻڻоı俤λӢҲͷ
ҪֳΪѣ޲Ͼͱȥסˣţ˼ҪȥףĲУϾϾˣڿջ˼գʵ̲ס͸ȥš
˶ڱƽʱǴŲŲڿҪǵմţ˱Ͳ
մ֮ǰ͵˲ˣԸϸ壬Ϊֺͬϯ͸ϲãǸߵĶˣȻϲĸӹţƷζҲܲףа£ֻҲмֻϧȴȺóԳ
һŵ˳ˮˣֻȴǲԣװģ˵ôζʵš
մϾ˵ĳΪҾżȻˣҪһǣ
ϲȴǲԣ˵ȻһƬ⣬ҾΪѵĳһɡ
ȻһӵĳմֻһƬʣµĶԵģմ̲סаЦҲ˼
˾㷹ֺһЩƣմһ͵ҲסˣҪ˵Լֳ˼취˭֪Ϊ˾ƣҲ˷
˵֣˴ϲ£Ҳ֪겻СˣһֱûжףʵЩЩӹ֬׷ۡȻҲĽӢӢ¸ͲҪ˵ӢСͶףҹȻͲФˡ
ֳüֱ֮ŮǰӢ׶̫ˣûлᣬȴǾûΪ˵ֳ
ԭҪһӣϾݵ΢˾٣ڸĸ˭֪žĿʵ۷Ϊ
մԽԽϤ֣ʱɵˡ
ֿ¶ûĴɫΪɬ˵֣ҲıСֳѾҾȥˡ
˵Ϳմϲȴ¶㵵ɫҺܿǾ㵵ɫʹࡣ
һʱЩ֣ʵ֣ôˣ
մֶ飿
Ǻ⣿
÷ȻδףͬҵӣȻҵֵܣΪҪףմҶһƬģ㵱ֵܣȴұͱһ
մ࣬ŭǰסˣֻǺܿͷӦ˹˵ֹ֣ͬ磬ʶŮӺϣֹĵ²ż汸Ůӣ֪ж˵ǣ㲻ܾΪʶռΪУ
մʲôռΪУҺͳ˽ģ
ºܿЦ˵֣һֱΪȻŲ㣬ƷȴǺõģȴڮһŮӵף֪˵仰ҪǴȥֹͶˣҪҪˣ
մĹǺתһ룬˵Ķԣֳ˽ҪǱ˴ȥֳһӾˣΪȥֳףܲ˵ģ
ҪΪ⣬ֳĳ£һһӵģֳΪʲôⶼˣϢûУѵˣ
մæҡͷοԼֳͶϣֳҲˣ
մ侲ɬ˵ҡʧ̬ˡ
𩿴һ֣ĲŻĪŮӵ˵¡
ȻȻЩմϽֻմѾȫôˣһǳһŵĻ˿ջϾͷ
ֳ֪ΪģȻҲ¶ˣӦøмմĺԸ˺ֳ
⼸죬ֳæſӵ飬Ȼ˵ҲҪǾ뽪ʧٻмµʱ䣬ʧ֮󣬻а꣬гֵʱȥ׼
ȻҪǣһûǮԴǼˣҲû취ֱͦ壬׬Ǯü޵ġ
һ죬Ӣãǰվ˰µʮֵ
ֳ֪ԴϴξӢ֮ͶԼʮֵĸмûȵתתȥȻŮѣͽĹϵЩԲסڣѾ뵽취ˡ
ӢһƵĳɫӣ洩һɫȹӣЦ˹˵˵Ҫ֬ӣҾƣ˳һЩȥ߶ˡ
ֳ֪ӢҪ֬ȷʵͦãȻҲͲǫˣΪ֪ӢͻϲЩ֬ġ
ʱӢӦԼĽָһռ䣬ԷණӢŸռԭˮ
Ȼʱ̫ҲõǸһΪĽ룬Ǹһͻԭλصԭ
˵̫ʵһӦû᲻˰ɣ
ˮ鲻ͲˣһС̫ʧִ˻裬Ǹֳһֵһ
ΪʲôҪ͵͵Ū裬ԭǵķ˿۵ϻȥ͵û취ˣֱֻ˻һЩųԡ
ֲŷܹ̫˿С̫͹ŮķˣȻб˽ҵ
ȻЩ˶յϳͣյ˴ɲһС¡ֳ֪ʵҲһͲ̫ûڴһ졣
ɴҪʱ̫סĵʮֵĿģط̫ԺǰС԰ڵ˹ǸСĴ̫ϲͶãһůרֻ
ط̫ڡ
ȥܹе飬ﰲطžҲڹֱֲ̫˼ˡ
ֳӢȥ̫밲̫һ棬Ҫ̫֬ǻСֲȣֻ̫촽ǣ̫ȴȰЦ͸Ѱĸһ㡣
лҪ˵һҪˣ


 48 

лҪ˵ڲˣһҪϿɡ
ʮ
̫밲֮, ֳʹӢȥԼ, ֳʱѶ᷿˲ֿ⣬˲õ֬
ӢԼҲĵ֪֬ѣҪڲϺ, ſֳ˹ε֬, Щš
֬ôǳģҪôã
ֳΪ˰ִ֬״, ˲˼, ˲ٹľͷ˳Ӽ۸񲻷ơ
ι, ûоãÿͿ֬Щ鷳־Ͳ, Ը㿴ֳóһ, õ廨̽ͼ, žͺǹһ˸, Ȼš¾ͷɫ֬Լðͷ
ӢϡĲ, ˵, ǣ
ֳһӹ, ȻžʾôͿ֬Ϊ̵֬ĸΪףСҲǷ˲˼
뷨ãӢϲĲС
ֳһг, ںɫ޲ֻ֬ɫ֬͸ιɡ
ӢǾϲȻȲĴֻ֬ɫÿһֶвͬЧ
ôģȻ˵ʮУʮУҪȥˣⶫʵǺãĸǶϲġ
ֳԭӣϾþǹŮӢϣʹȥˣӢΪŮǾкܶЧµİǳǿϴϴӣվѾˡ
ֻҪ֪ӢƵ֬϶Ͼʹ󱬣οֳ֬һһСպƹΰװҲϲ
ӢȴǲϣһƱֳ֪󲿷ֵĹŮӶϴƱʵʱͭǮǳõĻңɼŵʱ׼һЩȥˣղŵĻϲģȻϲ
ӢĳϿңҲûƴǣţߵʱڶͼиˡ
ӢƸ䣬㽻ĵʱͲһˣʮƽŮֳˣΪ֮ǰƲھΣԸǴֳһһ⡣
£ּӢһҪֳֺ˵ദʮֵǢֳţСЪһɫҪ᲻Ҫߡ
ֻ֮ǰԵЩأֳ֪лҪ˵뻹ûʣֳ˵顣
޻˵ϾΪ棬ҲǺͽǣˣӢǽδޡ
û˵¡
ӢǱﲻסˣֳ͵ſڣۿҪˣֳ˵Ҳ֪ô˵ѹܾˡӢҧ´ԵЩѹҲͽףȻúùӣʵǻϲ
ֳ֪ͨĴӢ֮ǳ׵ı˴ˣҲΣҲ֪ô
Ҫ취ͽ£Ͼǳһӵ飬һ뵽Ҫͺ¡ȻӢգ۾۰Ͱ͵Ŀֳƺڹ˵Լ¡㿴ҰӵĻ˵ˣʵҲں򫵽ϲ˭
ֳͻȻΪʲôôϲӢˣ˿̵ֱɰĲС
ĹŮһ㡣ֳһֽˣŮһǲܳ׵Ĳǣ
ֳͷ˵ⷬӢʱˣΪ˸У˵ɽǰ·Ҫɥ
ֳ
һδʹһŮӺԼδһo(st)o
ӢֳͻصӣǮȴ˷ܵһԵֳ˵£˭ˣ
ֳǴӢȥ̫밲ϾǽδޣȻȥʰˣʱûʲôѽ
˭ˣ
λھʮɷˡǮֳ֪͵Ǹɼңһλ壬߰λƷԱɼңλɷ˳֮ǰΪòڣּϲŻ磬黭֪ͨ˼ȢλΪȢΪޣһֱȵʮꡣ
ֳ֪ɷˣľҲԭһˣ޶ĸҲʮֵĺ
ҪɷˣֻɷһˣԵŮӡ
ɷ뵱ȻΪ޶ΪԼдһעΪ͸ɷеļ鶼ˡ
ǻʵҲ˺ɷ˹һֹ̽
Ҫװɣ
ȻǮЦе˵ɷ⹫ӵľȻΪ˸׵ģǿѽϣ¿ʮֵĺã϶ͬģ
ֳһˣ϶ˣ͸˵ףҲ֪ô˵ϵġȻ˵ɷס
ֳһ뵽ʫķӾҪˣһðƻǸˣʫУҪָ̽Ķͷˡ
ҵ𩷢֣޵īǲǾͻ
ҲûľȥԺӣѾ߻ֳЦ˵ֹ!
ֳĿЩˣϲѾߣ϶һźˮɷĿģֳΪż
Ŵ¶ǳû˵أĲ޸𩡣
ɷߺ󣬺Щ̲꣬ס˵˵ǲǶ˳Ǻӵĺ£
־ҲʮֵѵãúããĲŻҪûУּʮֵĵ͵һ˽ʿͲһˣ϶룬ʱǼ˵ý˹ųɳˡ
һû檵ϰߣõĻѽ⻰ܶ˵οھͿֳڴڻƣϾ˵ǲֹ𣿡
ǳֳˣϾ˵⺢ӣʲô
һֳ˽ڿͷϣֻһˣҲˮѾˣ֪ɷ˸ߣѵˣ
ֳҲ֪˵˵ĸҸ˵λɷˣΪҵĻ𣿡Ȼҧֱӹ˵ĸҲ޹ȥ
󾪣ֱӾվֳ˵úӣϥˣ֮仹ʲô˵ѵֻϺĸû
ǵᣬֳʮֵů
ֳֳԼԣ˵϶ʲôԭ򣬿˵˵ĸġ
ֳ˰죬ֻڮ𩣬˵˵λ⹫ʮֵİҺϲŻŮӣ֪ңֻǸŷܿ΢ֻۣ⹫ƾ͸Сһ󡣡
⻰һЦ˵Ȼ뵽һȥˣҲ𩲻ʡ
ֳǾܾɷˣ
˵ұ㽲ģǵҲûʲôģϾĻ£㻹֪źá
ֳȻ˲õԤС
˵֮ǰ͵͵˵иӣʮֵĳڣҲ൱ҪԼı÷ֻ⽫Ҳ־һսȢȻܾôӦϾ˶ûʮֵףҲ˼ǵģҲͬһˡ
ֳԺʱΪĲɲͲȿգˤڵϣǷһԵסӡ
Żصӣţ̲ס򫣬޳Сˣ˵ôôԹԵˣԭһ֣
һʼҪռףУֱ׳нˣ
ֳ϶һ뷹ǮίûٴҪ򫲻ڣѹһСˣټʣѾЩĹˡ
Ǯʵô˵ģʲô
ǮֳûʲôģͰĻǮ˵ˣǮ־˵үȻЩ䣬ȴʮף˵ǸʮֵĳڣҲģսֻҪү΢ʹֵȵȣⲻүģٵʱ򣬹ﶨ°ɣ
ֳ϶ĵͷ˵
ݣүộҪϲβֱ˻£ýȢ
Ǯֱֳ˹ţһ򫣬ֳڻһЩ侲˵ܻа취ġ
Žʧ٣¿ͷҲ˲ǣԭҪǰ׼ȴֻܵȵʧȥ̸ˡ
Щ֣µʱ䣬Ҫǽֱʧһͺˡ
ϣĵĹֳ˵Сˣ˵˵ϢǸС˵ģǸСͯ˵ǹѾ˺üˣգ˵ҪڲգҪɵˡ
˭ջѵմ
ֻ˵ڿջ֪ˡ
***
ʮ
ڿջˣ˵֪˭ˡ
һֱվԭأֳ֪ΪȻûҲֻҹҪҪɲһ׵顣
ֳȻմǸ鳣ֱΣҲĿȥмһҩⶫҩЧ˳˶ܻһգӦòڻ¡
֣ŷĶϤ𣿡
ʱǮͻȻŶ룬˵ʱȥλ
Ǯѵı˵ҪǹĲģҾʹȥ£УȻĵ˵ױΪɷ˵׵ҫ˵ΪүԵûɣҲ䵽޸һһССģûмľӣɲҪСʧ󡣡
ֳȥմҲ֪Ǯ˵Ķԣܴȥһӣһ¶ͻˣ˵֣ȥһ˰ɣһҩ˵ҩؿȥ
Ǯ־ֻҪֳȥͷˣʱ䣬ֳԽԽˣǰԼһ˵ǰ˩ֳϣȻҪΪ㣬񡭡ҲǱֳã¿֬ﵱƹ񣬸Ҫǡ
˵ֻҪֳ޵úãܸżȮ죬ȻԽˡ
ʲôҩ
֮ǰҵģη纮裬Ծˡ
Ǯֵͷ˵ūȥˡ
ֳһֱЩֱǮֻ֪Ѿմҩŷĵ˯˹ȥ
һ磬ֳ𴲣ȻϴϾ׼ȥմ
һߣίƾܣЩģͷɥϣĸˣЩͷۣ˵ҪˣǲͬģҪǸģ˼ȻҲǸҵģֻ룬ͻϴʣΪĸʵϲּĻУȻҵ취ȳ˱俤ӢţҲЩС˼ȴֶΣҪѡ
ܲϲ˵ֳңˡ
ȴ˵̫ˣŻ࣬Բʣ۲䣬ԺҲֹֻ޷ڸ󡣡
Ǹ
Ҫںʰ̯ӣΪн죿ǿңָô͸һģһ
ʲôϵ
ŸҸֶεӣܱ㣬;һ·ƽֳ¶ɫܴһŮǸҲʵ˲𡣡
ͻȻǿϣ˵˼ǡ
һȡ£ԵġĿŶ˵ظС
ϲ˵˵ʲôʲôǸУø״ԪɻʱɲҪղŵĻ
ֺֺЦΪζţиͷԸŬҲһ£һֶεŮˣöϲŮӣ޹϶ץסӣȻ޶ҲǺͺģʱҲΪղˡ
Ҫôͬ£
ϵͲùˣ֮ȢϱС
ֶ֪Σ˲ˣ취ȥģҲģָ˵˼仰ͻصԺҪúö顣
ֻǸûãͿӹ˵үջ˵չӲˣղˣˡ
Ȼմʹɫ̲סţҲֲôѹֳһɫŮӣֻһ˶Ϲӣ˿㡣
ֵһ£Ȣȴһ£ǫõ顣
Ȼôģⲽã˵ұȥһ˸ջ
ԴմˣͱջƹŲԱߵһլƹ˼Ҳ飬ǲأǿջɶҪԵľүһȾ˿ô죿
ȻЩеķãҲԵùĮˣ֮ǰһЦݵģͽģΪͬ
մĹǺմ˵ۿ˵ͣޣ
ֳϵ˵ʱˣҹǮȻ֪մƵһԵլʵǮֵ˼ҩ御ˣûҪֳ֣Ҳû취
մͯŵֳ˽ȥм˵ҩү˾ˡ
մЩªľϣ䣬߲ϾɣӵǺõģոµĳУֻԽԵúϾɵӸ롣
ү˭ˡ
մҹֳҩˣ֮ͺһ˯˹ȥֿʼգһҩ裬֮˯˹ȥ
ŵ£մ۾ԺƺǣƵֱֳϲ⣬־ò̫ʵ˵ѵΣ
մüĿģȴΪ飬Եú㲣촽࣬ɫ԰ףǱϲĿⷢرһ˫۾ᣬĺˮžͽﰲȡ
ҡֳ˴ϣմʵУعصˣһֱʮֵĺߣһȴǴ󵨵סֳ֣㻹ǵСʱǶһͬʱಡǶңҽѵЩˣһֱǵأҸղȴε޸ˣҸˡ
ֳǵ£ȴûκεĸжʵԭչմΪϲһߣһˮ糵Ϊѵãԭ˸ĸöû򵽡
ֳ˻⣬˵Щ𣿡
ãҲˡմѾǻȥˣνҲãҲãҪ˵ȥˡ
ֳմʣԸ̫ˣû취Կ֮ıŭ𩣬Ҳʣˡ׼ϵַʽίƾܵ˭֪մȻ飿
Ϊģ
մİŮӱߣǱҵֵһˣ̣մʱ;ãˡ
ֳ
𩼱Ҵҵĵ˿ջ֪մŲ˸լĶŸջϰ˵֣Ϊصľӣû·Ҫ˳˳˵Ǻ˵Ҫиһһǡ
⹫ӣҲû취ѽ˼ҪŲȥǹѽջϰǿ˵ԼǵùԭΪմԺضеĽʿүǸջһƣȴǸôҩȥûκεЧ
˦ӣ̴ӾȥԱߵլŭĹȥȴǿһϤˣֳߵѾ֣ſڿĵྐྵģʵ֮עȺ
ͻȻ˲õԤУֻǺܿҡͷԼ˵ֳմͬ磬մأӦãȴи˵ŮŮģʲôÿģ˽飡
ʵմŭʱ;òԾˣԸȥţΪֳˡ
մҲſڿӵ˲ǣ
гأ룬̴ȥʸס֪ԴӺŰǽȥ
ƽһΣǽȥߵ˴ڣİŮӡǰ˸ղŵĻȥˡ
ڸʲô
ֳŵվȻͿ˴¶ʹ಻򶨣һһʵѵĺմ˽飿ҵʲôѵƭң
ֳεķŶͷԼǵù͸Ȼ˴һˣˣڱ¶ˡ
ȴ˵ĽѣҲãʡԺһ취Ͼóһζ˸ɾ
ŭ̬մڲ֣˵ʲôǻ²ɣҲɣ
Ǯſڿ𩴳ŵĻɢȴް취ΪѾûκˡ
˵ǲģЩţһϻأһⶼû¡
⻰ɫ͸ѿˣʲôţʵѵңдŲɣ
ֳһ˵𩣬մʵ˵Ľˣһʱû취ȡᣬֻһֱҡڡֳ¶ѹıʱľ˵ҲǸŮӣԲסǣⲻˡ
մֳ滨ӣɫУļһһģˡ
ⲻܣ
Ȼ˲ٵĴֳǴҲܳϹ⹴˵ģȡᣬֻֻ֣һˣȴװˣԺҰɣ䲻ǡֳ˵͹ţ󲽵ߣźӡ
ʵֳԼԼյˣ˵Ҳ˺һ㡣
Ǯ˳ŵʵǲͱȥɣ
İɣġֳиǧԺҲˣ̫̼ˣųಡˣȻŮ˶ܵġǶһ飬ͨˣᡣ
ǰΪδԲ˵Ϊ̫ˣԸὲ


 49 

ʮ
ֳȻ˵ô϶, ʵû, Ͼ˷ŭˣ׻飬˭Ҳ֪
ڹڼ˺üգֱ澲ĵ, ֪մĲ׺ˣһǰȥ, ſʼר׼̵֬顣
Ӣֳ֬ȻѶһ飬տڱͿʼڿഫ, ֬ɫÿ, ͿĨϣζ־ãһĪˬң˾Ŀ
⵱ȻΪһЩһ, ȻѾϡ͵ĺ, ʮ֬һһݵˮǾôһ, ҲʮֵЧ
ſҵһ, һŽ䣬мλѣ, ˣȻЩǵļСϱŮҲ档
Ц˵ǳ֬ȻõġȻʮס
ֳ
Ҳʹ˶ʮףһɫΪӵԭ򣬼۸񲻷ƣһͲˡ
Щȴ۾Ҳգˡ
ֳæ˵֬ŲҲỵģĸ֪ңˣͲƷˡ
ȴ֣˵ôãͶףҼϱһһס
ֳ㻹ǲãݿ࣬ѽ
ӢҲŹ۹һѻȥֳλϣĸףҲġ
ȻҲ½½򣬵һͰѹ̨ˣѶͶû򵽡
ֳһʹ֮ÿֻҪϼܣһˣʢ˰֮òŻʵҲһΪǵĿˣȻѾ׼ҲҪʱ䡣
˻ȥ̲֮ס̾һԵĴϱ˵ѾͷĺãŻ磬Ǹ۱裬˼磬㿴֬š¾ͳˣʮֵķ㡣
֪ΪСӵĻ²ģСʵǲҲЩƲ骣ԼŮҲǾԲ޸骵ģοոĸȥ֬Щ֬ľֳ˼ɣʵǽ˻ϲ
㲻ԼŮҲͬŻ¡
ȴǲô˵ɲǣһ֬ϲֹˡ
Ҳ˵˵ȻﲻᣬȷľܾˣҪʵǲֻð˼
ʱиѾߴܽɥ˵ˣ²ˣү
ôˣ㵹˵ѽ˴󾪣̲סվ
үˣ
ˣ
˵µſڵʱ򣬿Ѿ˹ͷ骣ʱͿصı˵Ҷȥö˶˵Ҫʲôңء
ȴɫ˵ĸףСԵˣȥɡ
ڰµſڿ죬ûܰѶӴȥϢʹɣ˵Ϊ˷ţи˵ܵ˷ĵ㻯ų˼ҡ
ǸƵģŻ磬黭ֻͨǲѧҪǿѧǾһ㼴ͨˣп𾭣ϰ𷨣վڰµ˸֣רŽӴЩٹǡ
ֳŵʱЩ죬ΪԭиûңһֱԼ˵ӵҡܲ
ڼ仹ֳףǶίľܾˣʱһζףϾҪˡ
͵˱߹أҲ˼ν֣˳ϵǣȫʤ̣ûʵĴãԼûпˣһʱЩ͵ĴҲʼˡ
ڼ佪ֳָĹһţдĸ֣һţʱֳ⼸֣˺춹ȴûлţⲻ˰ɣ
ãòʱŭ򫣬ԻдһеĻŹȥ
˶գֳůȻҲˣ̫Ѿڰǰͱʵ۽ӻعȥˣΪҪˣ̫ҲһֱסϾﻹҪھǵĹݡ
һڱ߹صĽ򫣬ڸűʿǱԣԭЩʿǶģǾЩദҶ֪ǸбµģҲ֮ġ
Ȼ˻һֱڮٽ򫣬Ʋ
˽ȴһ˹ߣǽ׳ɫƵĶŽ˵ɷһս
ĴͷͯףȻǸλְλߣھкýƯװ׾ĹӸǲĴ̣ǰ漸βãȺ˶ѡ
һƣͬˣͯͱһԼĴӾͳ˹ȥֻҪǴƯϣ϶ҵϡãʱöʹ죿һСȻսĵϷ
ҶͯҲ̫ˣͼҲԣ׾ͱ˱ܿ˭֪ٵǰȴͻȻ˸ֱ˴ֲ
鵭ģƺ⣬Ŀһۣȴǳ׼ȷıܿĹ
һţƯıã˵Ҿ˵˰ɣǺġ
ͯΪɺϣ˭֪ÿζþȥǼʮĴӣˣҲ׺ݣƫƫڽǰͱɵĻˡ
һԵ˶˵үôǽˣأ
˵һݵӣɫ񣬽üĿʮֵĿʣֳһֱ˾Խ
ɲˣ
ӣԼЦʮֵſͯˣĲУ˷һĳŽȥ
ǽ򫻹ɵӦԣʱһǰļ顣
⻰ͣһ£ͯ׾ͳ˹ͻȻһ֮ǰõƣͯ״̹
ʱҾͿƺȫһˣ߳غϾͰͯ׵ĴӸڵϡ
еˡ򫹰˹֣˵һ׻ϴĵɫ仰һֳo(st)o
ߵͯɫͨ졣
ôô죿ȻûһԵ˾Խ˵˵м飿϶żȥˡ
˾ԽͲ˽򫣬Ųǡףˣֱ׷˹ȥ򫣬ңҲҿѽ˵ʲô
˵⼸ǲǶû٣
Щεɦͷ˵֪ϲ˯
Ȼųôô⣿ȻһԵ˾Խ˵˾Уξ㶢Ҫ⼸յĲϡ
˾Խǳݽ򫣬ȻЩΪѣϾ˵ǣ
ŽߺĹǺ򫣬ڹ˵ҵǲֵܣ
˾Խǻģ£ҲΪ㣬Ͼо̣ҪûвôɱУȻҲȥǰ⵶۵ģҪǣ
ô˵ҲΪңεĸȥˣȴǲģԣǲǳСӲҿţ
лҪ˵Ϊʲôʱ£Ϊпܵٺ


 50 

ʮ
صԼ, ˿ףж³̴ˮϴϾ˰档
ŷͷڰϣù, ˺˿ӣֽ滹һƬɻ, Ĵһɷ
չֳ塣
ֳдֽΪ, ȴܿͿˣһȴ̲ס¸һ顣
һƬɻ, ϵϵ

򫿴˾Խ̽ͷ˵, ˣ
˾Խһô׽ĸ˵ʱЩ˶˵Ǹ廨ͷп, ȴô, Ϊ߾, ʱ͵͵ܳȻ̶׼ȥҸס
ǡ̶￴˽򫣬·ϱΧס, ǽ߳ģʱżꣿνš
һˡ
𣿡
ˣһˣС˾Խ˵ţȴԳɬ
ˣ˵֮ˣ
˾Խͨ죬ͷȴݺݵĵͷ˵֮ǰҲûܼһ棬ֵǵġ漴룬ֳӣ֪Ϊ˱ΪóӭȢӦòɣ
Ҳ֪ʲôĿò࣬ȴӲ˵Ҳȥˣɡ
***
ȥɲһɵ飬ֹأΪ䣬ֳܶ˺ü£¯ȻΪ׼
ʮ꣬ڶһҪ̫ꡣ
뽪뿪Ѿˣֳ֪ʱܺ˵Ϣʵ۴Ϊˣˡ
ŶգլţֳֺСһŪ΢ƫ۵֬˸µֽӣ䡣
û£׼ֱӵ͸̫ͻʺ󣬻̫ˡ
ϲֳ֬ȿɫЦ˵ɫֻĹǲˡ
ԾԾԣ˵𣿡
˵ɫСĽȴǷ۷۵ԽĿɰֳ˵Ҳԡ
ֳ̫ˣǵסڴԼҲ£˵ҲܺÿǳҲǸټˡȻͷ
ֳϸܵĸײе۰ĶⳤģȻ֪ôԽĶ
ҹǰգֳյ˽Ļţװһö׷İŮӣմͳҪɱһͷϻȻγ͸Ůӣ֤Լİ⡣
͸
ֳţֻһ֣Ьˡ
ֳѽҲû취ǮָЬӣǮֵǲԸԼЬѣԼģǺ˳ֵ飬ȴò̫ʣ˵ү봩Ьɣ
ֳ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪Ļģ
Ǯ𽪳׺һʱЩ£˵үɾأҸЬã廨Ҫ
ֳҲУվͼͷЬֳ۾ˣ޿κΣڽʧ֮ǰҪʵʵġ
ָд˺ĻţʵдʲôѩػˤģƤҲдˣҪǰ꣬˼ʵûʲôдġ
Ȼ˸˹ȥӦʧǰյˡ
ҹѵõƻͨλн䣬ǫһ
һգЩܣо̵ʱ˵ľ˾ͻᷢԽɫĲ԰ףһֱĵĿ֮ԱȴһֱģζԼûϵ
صĿһŵģæˮȣȥĺ󱳣Ҳ֪ôģʶͳȥȴͷ˵һʱգ˵ȥ꣬Žǫȥ
̫ʱڣնŶ̫밲˻趨ʡҲ赲νТġ
̫ȻӣûиɫӾˣϾԼӣҲϧ
һȥģ̫ҲŽǫ档
֪µסˣ˵үȻˣǾ㶨˰ɡ
ϲͷ˵л̧١
ڲź˼֣˵˾ơ
ΪǶӽ򫣬Եĺ٣ڽȻַһӸʮֵĸˡ
ЩζŽʵ䣬أ
գգ۾˵ҲҪӣз
صĿһɫΣǺƤ˵ǷģŮĲһ
£ɵ˵ˣڲһ
ŽģֱĲУ̲סЦ˵ȻǺõģǾô˵ˡ
ϯԵģЩʳ֪ζÿ˶Լ£ǰˣȲˣֵ˺ʣзƻΧϺк
Ѱ˵½ǳԵʣ飬Ƕ˵ΪѰķˡ
ʱͻȻ죬Ż
ϣͲ֮⣬ȻΪòֱС⼸ˣԽŮζ
ͺ͸ˮңʮֵˡ
ȵϣģҪǲ˾˵Ҳǿ̱ˣẰи㿴ǣ
ĵһ۷ϣ˵ûأֵõһָֻţΪӿ빬ˣ͵˰Ůˣ
⻰һѪѷ˵Ĳԩˣҵôģ֪ģؿɼҾĵӡ
ЦŴϵˣʵģ㲻ģҶȥˣҪǸصģߥһ빬ȥ̫ꣿǺǡ
ͷ۵ķ˵ģʲô
ȴ¶˼ɫһԵ֣˵ϴ˵ϵãжˣ
ԼĪĸˡ
˵ȥǸøƵʺôС
⻰󣬵ȴͶеһʯͷЩţ۵Ŀϣȴ򶨵ĿԼĶӡ
Ҳعζ˵˵
˵ɡ
ֳʶľͿ۷ͷݣ֪ϸоҪȷѪˡ
ԭᵽҩϣһʬ
һǴоͷ󺹵ˣ¶ϲɫ˵ϲүϲϲˡ
ϲõһֱĲкˣȻǸˡ
ΪҪȥа꣬Ȼǲ꣬ҹ˾͸ɢȥϢˣ˵ҽϰɡ
ַѾãںޣͷֳͽһͬȥ
ȴ¶ֻŵɫ˵УͲźүˡ
ЩĿϣȴĿ
ֳ֪Ҫԭдûͬ⣬˺һʬ
лҪ˵
ҿܻῪģԤѽ
ʺҪɡ
ֶθܵ»ʺܵĸͰһ㣬֮֮ȥʺһԼִɽ紩ˣһȺݺݺ࣬ԴĮĻʵۣʺԼǰԴı¿ˣҪʲô谮Ҫʲôλÿ棬Ҫɣ
ʵ۷ֻʺȻںԼˣΪﲻ̹
̫ӷĸȻڿ˯ˣΪĪֻţ
һɪɪʺҪУ
ӣ
APPСʹ鷳ֶʺҪɡ~ôôౣ


 51 

ʮһ
ڶ, û, ֳϴ, ѾȥԺ, ݾͿҲϡ
ɫ̽ƽг, , ˵Ӻݻ󣬹ɫ㣬ȻѾ, ʱζȴܼ
ֳˣ˵ĸ
⻰Ҫ˵ˣֻǷ, Ӧ˵, ΪֳּĿξ͸еľޣ͵סϲֳ֪˾ı˿޵á
̲סЦü, ʮֵá⺢ӣ֪ǲϳ˷ۣô𡣡
վϣմĺؾ, °ɫɫӣĸɿģһûУںڵķֻһֻʵӡ
޵ķ̺ݳ޵ƷҲǱֳ˼ĵŮӶѡ
ֳ֮⣬ȻϰᵽԼԺǵԭпɲģΪĸı䣬ʵֳӦǾѾڻҵˣȴǳƽ٣ҲпĺЧӦ
Ͼ죬ֳһ¡
Ҳǵһ빬ˣֳ·ģһŽǫ˺ϣû˵Ҫŷ
빬ڶ࣬Ͼǹ꣬ٹ볯ھҲˡ
ʵǰдٹ٣̫ںдھǣֳȻ̫߿骡
ʱȫһɫɮ£źɫ̽ʯģ̬ƽʮֵׯϡ
ò˵ǰڵ骸Ϊˣǰһ˵ӣɮµļӳ֣ʮֵһ
̫Ȼܿһֱ˵ʲôȻܡ
Ӣֳ͸˵˹ֳ骿̲ס˵Ҳû뵽ɣǸĻӾȻˡȻֳִĶ˵ż£ѾǸˣ˵Ǹķӣ̫󽲾ǵ̫ϲʺ󣬾ɷˣЩլ֮ˣûвϲģ⺰ġ
˵ʱ򣬿骳߿˹ɫƽֳףֳʱ;á˿̵üƯɮµɣʮֵ忡ټʥĹΣʥַׯϣʵǽ˿˻ٿѵǽ磿
ֳͷǻӦˣȴ⻨Ӳ˭ܵģȻʲô඼Լ鴫
ֳܾãһȰˣⶼҲȤһѪڵˣܾ˵ʲôĿģ
͵ţܻ¶β
̫סãϲֳɶ£ʮƣԼԱߣֳ̫࣬һݣܳǸûοԣҾ;ԼҲܶһ뷹ˡ
ֳ
ֳһ㶣ЦźŮҪԲҲǸ࣬Σͺܺˡ
ֳʱ䣬լڼеԲˣ⻰̲ס¶һ˫۾˵ĸҪҼԣЩѣɶǴˡ
̬ʮֵĿţȴԵƤɰ̫Ƽˣ̲סЦ˵ѣûĸʹ;ˣвٺö
Ǿ֪̫ŵġ̫Ȼϲ̫һۣĶݺ۰
һʱ˶ŻֳһܳǶŵһ㣬ֳʱԼ˳Ĵź֪ܱ̫ϲ֣ѾǰĹŮˣҲֲЩ۸ڶھһ⵹ĲС
ӢոŸĸһͬǰȴֳһֳõĹѣֳѧʱദĸоһһǶ޲һ̫ģЦ˵׽ԺһˣǸ׽׽
Ӣ޸򫣬Ȼһˡ
Ӣȴ¶ɫָ̫ĵʱ򣬶ֳ˵ʵҲԼİ취ҪǲУǾֻܻȥˡ
ȻӢѾǳ׶Խˡ
ɱ嶯ӢھйŮУһֱףĽĶĹ⻷Ҫ˳飬ԺôܵסȻΪҪǣڹŴŮӵʵҪ
Ūʧȥ£˵ѣȦʱˡ
Ӣȴ˵үûңҲƲαΪԼ˴Ǹмʶģ취
ԴڻпֳҵķӦӢͶֳʮθУܾʲô飬ŵֳϣӭж⡣
ӢҲ³ֳͽ˴˻ϲҲڳȫõֿѣʵҲһֱ̬
ֳ𽪳Ļͺ춹ȻûȴǱĺˣӢĺͽԼ
ֳܿҡͷиոϣ;䲻ϲϸıһ㣬˾ǳҲִѵû𣿷ҪŽһƲˣ
ӢʵͦõġȲŮɫҲûƵ飬Ҫ˵汸ĿܣòǸʮֵĳڣھоܱȡֳýӢ䣬ҪʵȰ£˵˿ԲΪġ
Ӣֳʵأ
ŮҪϧܰȻĻڣҪʲô˼ǾĹΣ壬˵ݹأϣֳʵ˵˵
Ӣ˾ͺ۾סֳգ۵˵ģһ취£ϧһкȻȫǡ
ֳ
ȻӢҧгݵ˵ԴƢŹ֣ر飬Ȼĺãɼνʩˡ
ӢƺԽйøУѾȫȻǱˡ
ֳðɣֳ֪ˣӢͽǳûϷˣ˵ʵҲͦͬӢ⻰ģ̫ˣ
׼Ӣʵ˾ͲͱƴֽˣӢܲܽԼҺͱ綼ǲܵģΪҵĶ黹ԼԸ
Ӣǡ û¶ɫʱڿջﱻסȴݣˣʵʮ㣬д֮磬Żʱ򣬿ʧ̬⣬Ҳָᣬ֪ԭԭûϵˡ
ӢһӾ˹컵Ҳɢˣ֮ȥ֣;üֱһĿȻ
ˣӢٲҪһӣǻֳǸڻзܲˣͲˡ
ã÷ĳֳãվҲ֮С
㲻ùҡӢŵ˵
ֳůӢʵ̫ɰˣ̲ס֣˵־ڴˡֵҪ£ˣҵи취
ʵֳ֪ԭӢײõģΪֻнˣŲк֮ǡ
Ӣδ޴ɽѹţţܶԿˡ
ϲӢľҲԸ
лҪ˵дȥĲϣ쿴ɡ


 52 

ʮ
Ӣ۾һ, ʹסֳ, ʲô˵
ֳ̫ŪˣϽ, Լ, ε˵, 𼤶Ȼ֣ص˵, 𣬿϶ҪԼԺĻ¡
Ӣ̧ͷ, ǸСģŵ˵Ӣ¼޲ȥɣ
ֳЦ£ҪӢͶף֪ǵľжףȷʵʱ, ȻӢĶֹ˼, Ӣϲ, ˵, ⶼó, Ǹ⡣
ֳ֪ȥ, һ뵽ҪˣһʱЩģֱӴӱ߹ɱɣ
漴, ӢûаԭøУڷ±߹صս£Լܻ˵̫Ů˽飬ֻ˵ֵֵ϶òֵô
¾ͷӢ˰취ϵЦݾͶһԳԺȺȵģʼĿ
ʱͼ֣ϷǷں棬ˣİӣ̽𣬻ȻлʵǹŴħ
һСȵȡ
ĵĹŴû磬ҲûеԣûиٵĽͨӺǵȥЩͷǳȤˡ
յûʲô£˳˳ģϰȵĻȥˡ
ֳ֮ǰյ̫͵ĺͽһһȻûнǫģȻ̫ΪԼӣϧǰ棬ҪģϾҪҲ̫ҵ档
ǫȻЩʧҲû̫ģΪմ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ǰͰٹһ
λþڻʵ棬̫֮ڶ֮ˣһ֮֮ϵĴЩ׳Ƴİٹ٣Ȼ˵ĽУҲ߹ĻʼѪѽ
ȥֳ֮˺㶹СĽӣǳƯģ滹ͼеǸ֣еһƯĻơ
ֳֵķŵױ̨һպöȻأϾ̫˵ΪѰģ⾫ɵȴֱֳ̫ӳŵĸо˭ֹܾܾذأ
꣬վͺһӾ͵ˣůڼ䷢һ£骱иֹƳ磬ֻ˵Ƿڰ¿̳
һ죬ˣֹЩǣٵĹӵܣǡ
Ǳ˸ģ˲ţҲŷģһ骵Ľ;Ϊˣһ֪ڰ¿̳ȥ˵ҪĹһν֪ΪʲôôƳˡּЩԥŲˣѵŲң
ǹѣȻΪԼˣûǰƵǵ⻹ڣͱ˲ͬȻʱҲȥˡ
Ͱֳͽ䶼˳
ŵ˰£ʱĽ̨ϣŰɫɮ£ֺɫģ̬ɭϣׯأҲͰԼƫ
˸λһζ𷨾ʮֵ𾭵Ļиֲͬ⣬ǧ뷨
ǶһһͳֳģͺͽԱߵСͤ棬ԱиСϪѩڣ峺ѩˮв֪СȥԵĿţȥץ
ֳźȤѸһץֻһ־ͷˣˮ̫ˡ
˵ĺȲ裬ֳʹŽͤܰĲУ
骵ʹӽ̳ﴫȻ֪ݣȴֽĵĸоֳԭֻʲôȻ֪Ծ˽ȥ
ŮΧɽǰǺּ޶˵ôģҵ
ֳعѾˣ˵ֳˣҲһ֮ǰƫڿ骣Ŀϣų羴ȫǿʦ̬ˡ
骽˵Ҳ֪ǲɺϣߵںǰʵʩеطҪСɮ󣿡
˵ʦãŮмֶ򡣡
ֳɴ۾Ҳת̫˰ɣǰ骵ĲҧгݵģþǸ˵ӡ
ֳղԼҲˣҲŷֻǸӣȴȻú˼Ҫ˵ŷˡ
ĽֳͿϵЩƾˣ˱ͦĿξᣬһɮ˵ʥȡ
ԼҲԾ¶صɫȴţˣôֽУĶġ
֮;Žֳ˵ҲĿȾģжҲǺõġ
˼Σͳ骳׵ˣֹྩҲ骵ͽԽʣܵ
һתۣ˶£ӢͻȻ˵п˽򫣬ʶϽ׺£ֻ˵ҪȥΪᣬիҪ
ǰѾ˸ŻˣȻҪȰӢģż˲עʹѾȥ˽֣ž˸ʱѾ䷢ˡ
һͷ˿ڵϣɹͷȻסɫյŮ˲ȥ޵ҶҪǵүЩǮǣαҪ̣Լԭ˶ԽϲģϾŵԵĻ£ȴЩǸɨǣȻôŮڳȻǨŭʱûʲôǡ
ȻǳңǲҪ볾ףʵ˭ѿԭչӢ˶һͬס˲ܳ磬˷ǰھûʲôַſڡ
֪Ȱסֻø־ӣ˷ᣬӢסǰֵֻˣ֮ӢȻǸΪڡ
ֳǴ֪µģȻģû뵽ӢȻкûУֱȥˣִҲ̫ˡ
˵µ飬ɫЩӣȻ˼Ǻõģͷˣʮ·飿Ȼּһ䣬˵ҪǾˡ
ֳ֪϶ģ⣬ٹʱ䣬Ӣͻ԰·˻£Ź꣬¼ƽϢڻ׾ǡ
ǵŻףӢʮˣֳĵĵġ
֮ǰڹ˵ĻǻӢǰ˵Լޣֳ룬ʱҲûй˶ʮټ˵ŮӣӢŮ˵Ƕʮ꣬ʮҲ˵ȡ
˵ҪȥӢȻǺʹͬˣ˲ٶȥʱ򣬱߹شݵϢĮϼͺսȫʤش˺ˡ
лҪ˵Ĵְɣ̫ˡ


 53 

ʮ
ݱֱ, ͢Ѿûдʤ, ԭЩеŽˣ׷׵ֻ꣬޲ðԵĻˣڳϿ´ʵĿ޽, һֱѹĻʵʮֵĸˡ
£һֱݱϣŪǶʿ
˶Ӣի𣬳Ҹ鲻, ǵŴݱ־Ӣ͸
˵Ĳ, ֳȥȥ֡
֮ǰֳѾȥӢ, ûͷӹͦ, ڿԸԼ, ֻﰲ, ˶˲١
һ·һֱֳ˵, ˵̶Ĳ, ʲôʱܰʦس˵̾һ˵, ֻҪƽƽģҾ֪ˡ
϶İȻĻĸҪˡְֳο˼, ŵſڣֵԹӭӢȴ¶Ϊѵɫ˵ǰͻȻڷö˭Ҳء
Ӣĳҵķš
üҲ֪Ǿܾ̽˼˵´
ȥ·ȴǶֳ˵Щιˣ֮ǰ˵Ϊ˸귢Ϊᣬի𣬵սѾӽβվܻΪβף
ֳȻ֪Ӣʲô˵ĸιҪңǱô죿
ɫЩѿһʱھĵġ
Ȼֹ˼죬˾Ϳǰ˵ҶԲסˣӢ˵Ҫһӹ档
ǸǵˣǵˣһҲˣֱӰϵĲ豭ڵϡ
˿޵ĲУӲᣬʵ˵֪Ӣҵͷ⣬ʮ»̥֮ĵĸǺ»ˣȴҪƣԺǺãҵôࡣ
ʱֳںȲ裬˿;ȥԱߵĲŽ仭Ϊ˿޵̫ﶼˡ
۾Բģ˵㣬Ϊʲôް
ֳһĶȻָָã֪ˣɵ˵
öջȥɣӢʵûģŮ޸̫ӣŮүӣһнʿ˺ԺиСҲѾˣһҫ֪ۣμҲǳ˾һŵڣ˭֪ڽʤ۰ŮȴǾʽˡ
ʵЩµӢҵΪ˸֮󽪳սϴʤҲЩ˵£Ȼŵûˡ
žߺֳصȦŷǰ泤ϵĽУ˵ҲˣҪûˡ
ĸҪѹڣ϶ҵõĹġ
˺ü죬֪ԼĪ°ʦس¶Ц֮ͿʼŮӵѡһڽ֮ǰҪ˼
ֳվ룬ӳδ޳ˣȷʵԽˡ
һʼԵģǽҲʼ¶յɫֳд˵ǸӹĵͦãȴûӢǰвŻһŮܸϼҵĹﵹ֮黭ֻͨϧ̫ѰһЩվڳԾ͸Ѿһġ
⵹ԴҪǽ̫ˣŮӿԱȼ硣
һʱȻҲѡʲôĻ»û䣬ֳԽԽˣΪʤ̣ΪõֳָһʲôˮǴߡ
Ӧ˽򫣬ȻٿЩ˵׵ˣ׵˺ܶ࣬ȴ޹
ֳ벻骣Ȼ֮ǰҲֳǱһһʮֵĲ⣬ֻû뵽骲̫ڣʸļ֤ĺ
ĺɲѰˣʮȴһˣһδ飬ԸϽǲϲ˽ȴǺǵ¸أȻЩһֱû¶棬ķȴǾأ˶ȥ֣ĺٻ֡
һʼʦҪ˵£˲ϣ˵ʦȴʦѣʮֵܡֳ⼸µĿ֬ǹӦսҲˡ
յůůģֳһܽɫ̶ƵӣںڵķϲһԾʮֵд⣬
ֵĻֳе̣˵˲òຣˮɶ˵ӵǳ˷ŴʦʸˡֵĺȻҲڣҲֲˡ
˵ɲ𣬲м¡
ֳڰ˿ˣȻһԵĲˮһڣƣĿϣ۾ʵʲô£
޹ſڵأΪûǰ˰Աסˡɲ˭ܽģչضҪǰ˰ȻӢϰķʽҲعأʱ
ֳеĲ豭˵
Դϴͻʶ֮ݷùֳһΣ֮Ϊĸײؾͻһ˼ңڼ仹˼زζ㳦ֳһԣнϲջؾǣΪʲôǰ͸ѵм£
ֳĥԭ򣬵żһ۾ͨ죬㲣Ҫᣬģûˡ
ǿЦ˵ϴ˵ϲִһЩ㡣
ǿҪ緹ʱֳ˸Ǯ˵óȥһЩˣٸĸҲ͸ȥһЩ
ֳҪ񵽵׳ʲô飬ȥԹ˵˵Լڼҵ¶ǰҸ̻˵˵ˣȴһֻ۱һֻۣ˵ԺŮˣҲ֪ʲôʱܻżҲڼڣʲôɡ
ֳидʹִȻýŮ˼޵зͥǵ齨һСͥοڷ⽨ĹŴ
ֳҪο䣬Ȼ̵ֳ֬顣
ĵĲֳһ֬˵Ǹġ
ϲĲˣ˺ӣһɫȻСӸ˵ڻҵģ㲻֪֬ǵطѾ˵΢˵Ĩ֬ɫͻףҲ־òɢ
ֳ֪һ֬ȷʵЩЧǲԶѣҪһ㡣
˵һ緹ʳ޲ĳˡ
磬ֳں԰ǧϣƵĵţյΪֳҪ˯
ȻĽӢʲôʲôǳôԣЩˡһ·ûС
ֳ֪̫Ӹ̫Ϊס̫ӣûٸŮӢ鷳
ĽȻǲҵģ̫̫Ͱٺʽû취ӣ˼ͼУʹ˶һյķ
лҪ˵Ǹѽдò⣬ɾдŪڣڲһ£ֳĻˡǵʱˡ


 54 

ʮ
ֳں˵, ԺҲӭҲ֪ϲԼһζεĵ, ʱҲԸ, ϾҲҪģαҲڣԻ¡
Ѿ߸˲ˮĵĳǰ泤ϵĸ㡣
һ裬Ҳ, ˣ˵, һ顣
ү뽲Ȼ, Եú, ˸ͲǷ, ֻϤİ˶ѡ
вģҲˣ˵, ߵǸѾͷ, ǱַΪֹû
үΪʲô
һ֪ûжȻôʣϲ˵, ֪ҺˣҪףϴôͻؾˣֵѾͷȻĸǴﶼ޸ĸĹŮܼңǿոˣôûͬ⣿
ɫʱͲÿˣϲֳþ͸ԼŮһȻϲô˵үԹŮڣŮģҪ˵ҵݣ͸Ҫˡ
ʲôվ
ȴΪ˵үûʲôȻȥЪˣ⼸Щû취źˡ˵žˡ
ԭվһͷҲصߣ˦׷ȥ˵ȵȵȡȻչȥ¶ɬЦ£ͰҰɡ
üү˵ʲô
Ƿһ飬˼ҪҲû취˵֮𩣬Ҳѧò飬ûһõģһδϵ˸״Ԫɣ֪۲ҪȥŮأǲ檵ģⲻŮϲģ㵽Ϊβͬ⣿
ĴǸոչȥһ׷ֱ״Ԫ𩣬մ˵մ𩻹ѣڽǵϣʵԵ֮󣬼ĲУ˴˹ء
Ǻõģ֪Ȼ˵ȻҪ˵ˣ͵ҵļҷãǹҲɭϣҪ˵Ϻǿƣڼ˵һģǲ룬Ů˼ҪĸĸҪɷҪҪϾϱҪźһӡ
Ʋֳܼ޸˼ңһĹŮʲô󣿻õ״ԪɣһģղŲ˵һֳǸŮͲˣҲôֱ˵
ܶôʵĻ£Ĳ⣬Ͼûȫ֮˵ȰŵڲãĲãֻ⼸ոϱǲûģ
Ȼû˱ȵμҹӢҲǼΪģȻҲ˾йŮףȷʵûһʡ
˵ͬ°ɣϾҲǳȢЩ̲ס˵͵ң顣
ݵԥ˵УҴӦһˣүǻȥؾɡ
Ϊ˵˭֪ȴڤ粻飬±Ҫ
үˡҲͬ⡣Ҳܼ
˶һͻȻɦɦͷ˵Ҫȣ
ͻȻʶʲôüʵִʲô£
һɫʮֵѿ˵˵ڶķǷʮӣѹеӸŲ£ȴûлϡ˵ѧ˰㵲һЩӣŴչӻȥǰɣ
ǡ
Ŀ˵ͰһҰɡ
ǮˣҰ㣿 ƿ˵ͱˡ
ûߵſڣͻȻŭ˵УȻҲܲ˵ģҲȥھȥĸͻ£ҾͲˣĸΪһСŮұ
ʵϿ֪£񸮵Ĳûȥˣˣλ˹Ҳܵ𷣣Ժ˭ã
̫飬ạ̊́άף˵ǽ״ԪɣòƷû̫ûᷴԡϾһٶãʱǾû취ˣү
¶ɫ˵ͬˣ
˵˵»Ҫʳ򫣬˵һ£ҶӦҪȵȵģдŸ򫣬֪һ¡
Ҳ֪ܱƵ̫Ͼǽףϲ£ŪôҶˣǾˣ˵Ҫã
°ɡ
̫ˣ
ڱ߹أһһؾҪ£ѾǺܿˣߵŶӻ˵
˰ɡ
һߣֳ͵ſڣЩѹ˵ﲻʲôҶʡ
ԭĸ׸ƹĵ˰̣˲٣ϱ˹ֻǱǱһֱѹţҲûи˵
̫˼˶ʵۿķϣҲܻõġ
ʵŽѾ׵ʱֳ֪ǲǻü̫һί̫ӣĿȫǡ
ֳ֪ǹŮôҲ޹޹㣬οҲԸȥ취ú֪㣬ϾʵҲ֮Եѡ
л㡣
վſڣֳЩµıӰ̲ס񡣡
תͷ˹ʵǻ£
޼۱ѵɡ
ֳɫһʵڼиϲˣΪ׵飬Ų˾ǣĸ׵Ļǣ㸸ױҾˡ
ۿ΢죬һŸɬ˵֪ˡȻݵֻǵȴ£ѵͲ֪ЩֻĴ̫ˡ
ֻǺܿ죬뵽̫ҲССģѵͲ֪̫빬лΪ˸ǹʹ
֣õʱ򻹺ãõʱأƣ̫ʱ򣬹Ŷ֪ġ
ս£һӵ۵㣬̫εץ˺ӡ
ֱ룬ųֳ͸һ֬УȻ˾ϡ
***
ľѾ˺˵׶ǵŹʱȴûм˵죬޶һݻĺ˹˵أ
ȴǳŽһĭ˵˺ܿһӣֻڵϴȻú˻ȥģһǵ졣
˰죬˵ǵĻ漴ѹֲʹӮǡ
ŽصͿţȻͼݣŵȴǲ¶ļ
ֻ־ָֻ򶨣д򫡭
ſݣĿַ籩֮ǰһĿ񱩣ݺݵֽ
лҪ˵ˣ


 55 

ʮ
մ˰, ϲԽϾж˵룬񲿱֮ȥ˺ԺվҪʼְˡ
֮ǰȰѸĸӵ˾ǣںԺһǼ꣬Щ˻ְʮ֮ãմТ˳ĺӣȻԸ͸ĸֱô, ӣռеĲھһֻǵҪ, ֻʲôض, Ҫĸ顣
մĸĸȻǸ˵Ĳ, һ, ǿǼĸӵմźͣĸϵ˾ǡ
֮, üҾߣ˼Ѿ, ǰѼŪˣմһ, ĸ׸⣬ѾûкСۣŶȥ⸮
Һլ, ȻǸĴԺӣǿȴѰ˼ûʲôӿմЦе˵մˣүģС͸档
մ͸ȥԺЦż˵֣룡
˶ҪסԺԺȻͬţͬƣʮֵԵҵĵ鷿ż͹±մ۵˵治ũʫ鴫ҡ
Ȼǽģմǰ棬ȴûƽôοϲģܽȥ
ҾͲˡմĴΪĶͿʼܵԵʱ洫Ѿߵү˺ȥ
ڴ͡
մϾ˵֣ȥɣǣ㲻ңǻıزɣ
Ц˵ʲôŲģֵƷ߽Ϊصġ
մ˵ǿȥɣĸء
𩶣մ䣬Ѿ߸մ²͸㣬ŽŲҴҵȥĸסԺӣѾ𩣬Ц˵үˡ
ϵЩң϶ǶŵİӣһԵκȫţĸ鱦ӣŴӴͶ⣬ε۾ۡ
ϷŶͷ˵ϴβõƸӣҪˣȴҲǸˡ
˵ȥáתͷҴҵĳԺӣȥԼ鷿վſڣȴЩԥ
ƿţȻմŷڰϵƸӷ¶㵵ɫֻǺܿͱʹģ
̲סʵ֪ǸƭӣͷβƭǣǸҶԳġ
Ĭһ˵ĸ׵˼
մֳЩʧǣͺһܣ㻹ǸԵġ
ͻȻô˵ִæ͵ֻǾãȻƭңҪţ󣿡
˵ָֻ꣬ĴݺͰ˵֮ñ˴ϲֻҪʾС
ʵմ˵ҲˣⱲӻûôˣ±˵жжޣԭΪõ飬ȴһ˾Ĳ߻ƭ֡
Ķۣմƣ˵ϣ㲻Ҫڡ˵ͷҲصˡ
һվԺӣһӣģһԹ˵˵˵Ļ£ֻŵԣûб˴ã˶ѡ
***
ֳ֪ҰƸ϶ʱ򣬾ĲУ֮ǰܵ飬Ҳǿ
ߺ󣬶һ𾪵ֳ˵֪״Ԫ˰ɣ
ֳȻ֪ĸǰǾܾˣ
ֳɻĲУûΥĵ飬һ˵үЩ飬ȷʵǲ
ʵҪǾ仰ҡˣôѡвĵطôԿ϶ֳܸҸΪڵ
ҲĸϸǿƵģ˵ҵŵڣƷŻȷʵһҡ
ȻҪֳ˼ȻŶӵĻظȻЩɶˣҲܾʵľ
ܿ죬ס˵ֻ˵ǵȵȣ⼱İƸӣǶʮֵˣĪҪģĸ϶㰲úõġ
ǰֳǲŵģϾҲǲ䲻ȵģ˵ĸȴԽԽҪãѾǰֳŮһˡ
ĸˡ
¶ЦǶԴһ㣬Ȱֳͷ
Ȼ֮Ȼ˼ױӣȴڲᶨ׵飬ΪգҲ̫ˣԹŶ̧ͷҹŮͷȢϱοȢΣȻҪĵš
Ͳˣ˱ӻڣǿȥҲڶõġ
һ룬ҲͰڼˣѾʼںԺְմһֵ£Դϴγ֮մͲڸ˵ˣͼͽ⣬մȴǵѵ¶˾ģҲϸ˵
˼ζӣҲǸģҲͲԸƨˣ˾Ӳദţǵ˾ҲֲѰ
ֹһ£ڵ˽Ļš
˾ԽɹڣĿ⾼ǳ񣬶ֽýֿʵĶ˵˾Խǵ𣿡
ЩҶǻͨģ˾ԽҾҵӣҾҲͬǼ佫ӱԶԴҲʮֵĿУҲǴСģҰǼҵĹأԴһЩҪˡ
˾Խʮ꣬ȴѾУξְˣҲʮѵãǰ;ˡ
㶼ôˣ˸˾ԽˮʵǳԹˣعҲɣ
˾ԽһһĻش𣬡ûлȥΪҪţԾֱˣҲ⻰˵ӹĽ˾ԽһӾͺˡ
̲סЦȥ÷ɣ
˾Խȴǲȥ˵ˣǽʮģȿɡ
Ц֣صĽӹǽĻţ𿪿Ȼֽſ¶صɫ
˾ԽȴǲʣǵõʱκдŵģҪꡣ
ͻȻʵ˵˲ս
˾Խ˺ǲ˼˵ʵҲûʲôͣǽָӵĺã֪ǹ˹࣬Ȼûץס˵죬Ǽ󳼣кĵܵܣŮץ˲١
ʵݺܼ򵥣˵֮ǰõѾ˴󹦣ܱΪƷʱף⸮ףǾԲܴӦġ
һʼûĥǿǰ˾ԽͻȻ뵽˵Ǹѡǲ
ŵں൱Ȼ˾ԽӣҾͱ˼ҲͬӺ͵һԽҵҼмΪҾĺ֮ˣϱҲͻݵġ
Ҫ˵˾Խˣ
ѵǶ˾Խŵԭ
лҪ˵ŮҪˣǲ»˭ң
ǱϿô޴д飬մ˱Ͼʮֳ꣬ԭ˵Ů֮ҲûƭΨһһνӴĴˡ
˵ٵĳѸҲǿ⡣
Ƽһƪģϲһɣ
Һ顷
İ
ԭԼΪ̫̫ϪǵĻ¾áĸ֡
ôҲû뵽һԼƴӵ̫̫Ȼ
˶̷İϪ崿촽棬ȹұŨҵһ
ƳһۼŸԱһһԭXXг
/
ҹһѽϪѹǽϣͳƣXXгţ
ů~ܰ~Ŷ~
ӣ


 56 

ʮ
˾Խһ뵽ֳ, ޲Ͼͳ嵽Ժ, Ҳ֪ǲϹص, ֻǿ, һͷ, ĥĥģΪ, ֳ֪, ȻŪǡɵż
Ȼ, ûһִѡ
Żص˼Уȥĸͷʰ, ĸ׺, ʹȡ
Ҿڶ, ȴʮֵĺ, ȻǺͼҷй, ͬҲΪҾӶӾӻǵ, ֻ岮ҵ֣Ǳ˴Ϊʵĺܡ
ŴԺ, Ϳճĸ˾质û, ˾Խ˵زУݺݵĴһȭ˵, ˵뾩ˣ͸ϻˣ˲٣ҲԽ˾ҵжˣ
ٺ٣磡
ֵܹһͬȥԺǶסһһסݣһݣȻһճһǸȴܺá
˾质˾ԽϵƼ̲סЦǺĵܵ׽ģѽϽˡ
˾质֪ܵƽʱʮֵҲܹɣǶսǰһսϣǾѵĺݽɫ
׻˵һУ˾Խ϶һȻ˵ˡ
Ǹ㿴ݣȥ𣿡
ֳ˾Խ飬˾ֻ˾质֪˵ȻǿԣҪдŸأ㲻֪ڵֹǺǰһˣ֪ҪȢءȻЩ鶼˵ˡ
Ϊ޸𣿡˾Խ¶ɫȻвֵܹǸӡ
ôУ⻰Ȼ㲻ֹϾԼˣȴҾ˾ҵӵܲǣ˵ϾҪΪϽˣҲûˡ
˾Խ˴ģ˵磬һúøĸ˵ȥס
***
ĥ˾Խ飬ȥȻ˵һ˾Խ˴󹦣ŽʦسҪܷΪϽˡ
ţ൱Ҳǿ˧ǡ˹Ż˾ԽͻģһеһжʮֵĴɣôɺϵ飿
ֻ˵Ҫ˵ľλ˾Խ
һиȷŵ飬Ǿֳĳݣ˾ԽҲǼӣ൱
ķ涼ʮֵİ䣬ȻҾļҷ磬ĸʴȣϱǺƣҲȻסһ𣬵ÿԺӶǸ񿪵ģС޶ǿ̨ԼԼӣҲìٵԭ
ȱǣӾˣˣҾ˾Խһоֵ˱߹ء
ԥ˾ԽˣǺҾߵýģҲ佫ҵˡ
ʵûףҪǿҾҲһΣֻ֮ǰȴ˵ĺףˣֹ֪ߵжû׵ģҪ£Ͼ̫ϲѵãԽǸģҲôڣϾԺҪӾüŮ˹սľӲǣ
˶ԸҴӾģսϵۣиʧֱӵѸˣȻҲΪʲôҾʮƴϱǵԭ
ŵ˵⣬ֱܵģ˭֪ʮд˵Ҫǿǡ
ϲ⣬˵£ȻҪϸã¶
ŴֱȴҾҲڴ˵Ŷһȥϲơ
ߣȴǷˣ𩣬˾Խѡĸ˵ǰ㣬ĸҲвĵط
ĸǿƣֳ֮ٲҪŹӣǵŵãҲܰĸȻǿƣȴûҲǰƽ
һ˾Խźƣ沺ҷǳʣ󻹶СԼӣΨһ㣬Ӿв⡣
ԼҲû취뻹ȥֳº˵ˣ¶ӦǸĸ״ͬ
ֳ˼ԼģҲϵ˾ˣΪǣҪӵأ˵˵ȥŵȥҪĺá
ԭҲһ£ϾҪʧٵϢʱǳɻõʱѡʵֳҲûиõġ
𩲻ʣ˾Խͺ
ҪѡʵҪ޸ٽܣϾٽܰĽԭǶٽһ޹Ҳһ㣬κЩȣҪ˵
ֳԥɫеĲʵֻߣб뷨
лҪ˵κÿ첹һǧ֡


 57 

ʮ
ĸ, ҡֳͷ, ˵, н, ĸģļ޵ȥʵܶ಻ڡ
˵ʲô
ֳʵҲʵĽڣֻɣҾӴ, ԼԼЩоǰǣڵܽڻԼ뷨
, ҵŮСҿų, ˭˵һ仵ҶҪÿ
ֳů, ˵ĸĶ飬һӶԱһֳ˵⻰ʱȻȦȴи, ҪϷٿ, ʵĿԭʮۡ
ʱ, ԣң㶼⣿Ȼ֮ǰĻЩͻȻˣ˵֮ǰҲǣ
ֳͷĬˡ
ȻͶˣǰǲ˵
ֳֵ˵ͷ
һڶû˵˵ңб磬ףԺͲҪ뷨ˡֵ˵ɫˣһȥɡ
ⷴӦǺܺͻ̬ˣҪǰʱŴĸ˵ûֳȥùţǺõˡ
Ȼʲôû˵ֳȴѾ֪ȥˣȻֱӷȥȥ֮֮£ĥīдһŸٽܡ
ٽֱܼϲ⣬ӦҲܿ죬Ըʮ˾ڲĸ˵ס
ֳ˽⣬뻹ǻᰴԸ£ԼܹĿ࣬ͻʵమȴѼ޸ȻͼӣƣС۽Ҳޣͳ˻ʵ۵ĸû취ȡ
ĸͲһ飬һˮһĥĵе飬ֱ
βʹ
ڻϣʵȡ˵Ը
ֳĲ²⣬ֻı˳죬ֳҲ֪һֱң˵šǲô򫵱ǿҪ˵ͽ鱻ͱô룿
ˡ
ȷʵǷǳķգȻǸ⽪ƼˣȻȻû˵Ѿȷ˾ԽˣһֱҶֶһٽܡ
ǰƲ϶ٽܵŵڵģֳ˵Ը֮Ϳʼĥѡ֮ǰͨ˼ѾˣûкʵģȻʱ򣬶ٽܾףҶٽڸסһӣΪ˽⣬Ŀ㲻˵ҽҽҲܺã֢ﶼӭжˣɼϻ׿ƷƣҪ˵ҪǶٽܣӵȼҪˡ
˵ٽڼ飬׼μĿƾ٣μ˵˼ҪģԵȵٽо٣Ǽǲ׵ġ
⵹Ǵöμҵĳʮ㣬ŵڵҲŵڵ͵ĺôױ󣬵ʱμҾǳıӵҲֳǣ
һιߴٵʱ˵ҲŶӰʦسɡ
ʱżˣ˵Ҫû취¶ģǰ⼸˵İȥһ⣬ĸʾĸ
Ŀ˵㲻ȥҶ°ɣ˭֪ͺҶµߵܣʱ򻹲˵ʲôʲô
ˣҾˣ
ķӦ֪ôģȻҲô߳ŭһ˵ʵ취ҲУǲȥҶ£͵࣬У
У
˿Ϊ˵ҵŮĻȻ˵㡣Ȼֵ¿϶Ǻϰֵģ̫ǰҲҪ
ܻǼѾ˾ģεķƢҲΪεͬˣʵͬҲûãΪ£
˰ֱ͵ĺֻǽȴΪ⣬Ȼ˵ֳӲ˵񶼿סԶʡ
ֳСǹŮ˵ĸĸҲΪ
ֱĿɿڴʱͿʼżˣϢһȥֳٽҲˡ
ƫƫĹѯʽȴǱŵĲУԼȥһࡣ
ĺѾˣҪдһģһɫĹۣнŵȸͼ˵ĺʱ˴𣬵ʱȻ֣ĺ࣬˾˵ȸתȻΪʵġ
ĺͲСˣǾ壬߸ݵģŹۺмŵʣֻǵӵʱ򣬻˫µĿԿ͸һС
Ȳ衣
ĺΪϤСʱ빬ʱĺǼ֤óͼЩҲǼΪ˽⣬ҹʱ򾭳̫󺰵ǽޣʱʮֵϲ
ˣûӡ˵Сʱûʲôѵȸתɲϲ
ĺ̲סЦĿǴȰ˵ɲԼҵĹˣˣô˵ʲô˵ʲô
ѵ÷ɣЦ˵ʲôҲ֪ġ
һ˵ֳĻǽ˷û뵽ӵôӲ˵İ֣ȻûһʺϣڸΣֵ֪ЩҰѳҵŮһģϣ˳Ժӹĺͺġ
Ȼһйһл񣬲ɾ⣬һҪ¡
ĺ򿪽һһƿȻû⣬ζ;ʮֵĴ㣬ϲ˵Ǻƣ
ǺӽˮΪ׼һ죬ˮԼͣӶγһصƣΪ˹죬Լ
ǡЦ˵֪ĲΨڡ
ĺεҡͷ˵ϲĹƣȻҪ㿴һȻѾˣֳİ˳
ǺҪĶһֻкϰֵĲŻ֪֮ҪջأĺȻҪҪ
ĺŰֽԱߵ鷿һų߳˵ҲûнⷨҪҸʮˮ֮ˣʵϡ٣˰գѾ˺ʵѡˣǡ
Ѿû֮ǰˣʲôòֻϣֳܼ޸õģͺһӣǱ󣬹
ֻ˵
Ĵ骡
ֱվ˵ǳˣź
ĺȻҲ֪̾һ˵ҪٵȵȰɣиˡȻְοá
ӹóʱ£һ뵽ֳСûеõĸĳ谮ԼҲ⡭ȴûгᣬԵ±Թӻоȳ䣬ɼĳġ
һֱǵã죬һͬӻгϲøУʶʵͰֳԼĺˣϣֳܹúá
ָȻҲĺĻ̲ס˵ˣʲôײˣ
̾ʦתӣܻףҪ˵ֻˡ
ֳȻ֪£ȥ֮󣬶֣͸¶ȥƽֳ֪Ժ飬Ȼ
Ը֪ȻҲġ
ߴһȴǾڲͰֵĽĹǺ˵˵ޣѳ£ȴֻ˶Ǹ˸ӴŵŮͷΣȴķܲ˵ģǳأϹ۲Ȣ
ʲôʱֻĻ˵үҵĻ̫˼ֲ˵ģڸҹ
˵Ҳ⻰ˣǱһֱߴ٣ҲᷳȻûкûˡ
Ȼˡ
ߺôҲֹסˣڵϣ۵ĲУҲ֪ȥο
ǰĳʱƴһѣ᲻вһĽ뵽еĻʵۣ󹬼ǧ˵ǲʮ꣬ŮҲ˶١
ν鰮Ǻ£ٵĻӰѡ
Ǹǿģһ˵Ժûҵ׼ү̤Ժһ

֣ҲҵĲǣ
ֶʱ˵ˣǹε󣬴Сǽ֦Ҷ̫Ҳû˵һػȴǱԼķˡ
˵ˣԼҲۣ˵֪ˡ֪һ̿ʼǳ׾ˡ
լŮˣɷĳ谮ӵЩ̣ĸȻǣĽ򫱻ΪӣԺȻнڣˡ
ѹǲ˵ֳĺͰֵĽֻ˵ʡ
ȥʵģȻ֪ԼȥĺȴûеõκεϢԺ˼졣
ֳԵĸо˲õı仯ǰһֱԤ׼ȷΪԭܶ鶼òһҾ£ԭûзϾӦڴǻѾڻˡ
ֳ֪û˵ȻǾòʣֻܾĵš
ֳǵãʧһ·ݣѾµˣһգдŽȥ˰¡
⿪̳Ȼ骣ھвٵڣһ֮ǰӣ󣬷Щ׷𣬳羴Ķ
꽲ѯʷϵ飬һҲ⣬ǵ߳ȴҲβϵľϲסֳ˵Ҿ֪Ǹиĺӡ
ֳһˮ˵°͵Ļʦ˵ҪȢ㡣
ֳ
лҪ˵ڰѻдˡ

 58 

ʮ
µľ, ֳƵĿǰ, ڰЩ죬̲סЦ˵˵£˺, ȴֲ˵ˣҿˡ
㵽ΪΣֳŭʵ
ҪһҲԸ, ʣЦе˵
ֳĹǺݺݵӣ˵Ҫ˵ٻЩ, ǲǶ㰲ŵģ
֮ǰ, ɫ, , 骾˵εΣ˵Уδˣû취޳, , ĸи繩Ҳģڻ¡, ûδӣȻҲ̸Ϲˡ
ʵЩ⡣
ҪŷģҶѾΪǵõɮҪΪҪͼʲôΪֳżϻּ骣⻰;ڤڤעġ
Ͱĺֵ˵ˣ˵ֳΪʡ
ʱ骳˼һ˵£Ҫ˽ĳԵȻҲվͻװɡ
Ȼǻϲֵġ
Ҳвٵ׼ҵӣʹûңҲһԵҲûôࡣ
ֳ̣֮ǰֵģȥͰֶǺõģô͵ƫƫã˶ʣ
骲Ǻĺãѵ骲ľ֣
Żȥֳ֮ôòԾڶ죬͵͵ܳ骣֮ǰĶԻ
ֳΪ骿϶᲻ôϵģҪƱһ˭֪ͻȻһЦĿֳĿ٣ʮֵĹˣ˵㣬ԣⶼҰźõģֻû뵽Ļ˳
骰ϵķ飬˵ԭֻҪһ棬Ƿ֣ҲΪȤҪǵһӵĺҲûʲô
ֳޣĹǲΪҲ֪ռȵȣȻоƣ
ֳһ֮ͱȱǿ֮࣬ǰҾŵռ;ƵζɢԭȥӦ¹
˵Ҳ¹óһ֬ŵĶڿǰ棬󷽷˵Ȼ㶼֪ˣҲˣ㲻֪֮ǰҸճһȣͯӼóءȻȥСһ̳׾Ƴ
ռƣֱһӡ
ֳǰԵĿģĲУ˵ιһ㲻˼ԼǴʦ
ҾǸĿ˵ӣԣȻ˵ӣֺαװģȻ˺һȸֳƻ˵ĺ㣬ۣӦʮƵģ괽㡣
ֳԼ÷Ƣô죬ǿĻƳγεļζˡϼҴҵĳûԹ緹ء
Ȼֳ͹ʹĽӹһڣʱļ⻹ɢģŷǳ㣬һҲ
ٺȵơ
ֳǾܾģռе壬ǿڿʣͺһڣϾ׾ƣͣ͸һ̣ġ
ֳϾȾ˺Σٵʢһ骵Ŀʱͱ
˵㵽Ҫʲô
骿ֳÿ鷢еĴ˵㣬ҪȢ㣬ϡ
ҪƽʱֱֳӰ骸ƿˣ˾ƣͷ˶еƮƮģķϴɮ£ɫĽ΢΢¡ĺᣬǲ޳Ư¡Ȼ˵ĽɸС
ֳ˻ӣ˼֣˵Ϊһţ
ᣬҪ˵ֳ˵ʵǲģıĴξܾԲҪһ취ǰСˣ踺ء

˭Ůǰӣҵľܾͳ˲֪ôʤ
ʲô컵գûˣ̲ס̾˵Դﶼװʲôյĺ˼롣ֻ˵뵽ʲôһ㣬Ҳ㣬֮ǰӼ߰ߣ㿴ȻȾƳ⣬ǲŮɫˡ
ֳ㻹Ůɫ
骵ǴС֣㲻֪ĺãò˰Щǣŷ𾭾ÿѣЩӴģֱһҪĹϴĸˣǿס
ֳ
ֳߣģҪƭúȻ˵У㲻ЩڲҪףȻŽҪ檲ɣ
ô֪
лҪ˵״̬ã첹ϡ
ҵģϲһɣ
Сӡ
İ
һ۾ͷԼԽһа崿Ů޸˶һţ𶯵ܲûծһO(st)o
£籾ģŮĺãʹթŮĸ飬ʧܣӺ¼޸Ͳ塣
ڽ鵱죬Ϊ鷸Ʊ׽ˡ
Ǵʱԭܲ˴õɱˡǿۣϹʮ׹ԢжʮĴ̲סЦ
ϹץҪźÿ»ʮ׹Ԣӣⲻİ
ӣ
APPСʹ鷳ֶСӡ~ôôౣ


 59 

ʮ
Ž, ֪Ҷףһ, ˵˽鶶ʱôమĽ, ˭ף˭ܵסܹ, Щ۸ڶأ², ۵ˣͻ䲻ǵĶӡ
⻰ʵЩ̶, ֱȥ, ֳͫ¶ʹɫ骶ʱ, , ֳǿ, ͬ, һлʲô壿ֺ˵, ҲһȻˣ֮ǰЩ£˵ҹ˵ֻ꣬飬վ, ֪֪ȥɣ֧㣬ȻΪ㡣
ֳ֣Ѿĺ·ˣ˵֮ǰĽ£Ҫõ׿ϣҲųΪĵĽԼƭˣȻơ
ʵҲƣò˼Ů˾ͲһˣϾͻˡ
ΪʲôôģΪ
骼ֳ¶ԥɫ֪ڿǣϾͺ֮ҪӺ¶࣬ǾͰȥڱҲкü׷ӣҪҪȥߣҲȥҲھûţҪʱҪӣǾͲҪһж㡣
͸ղѵĻͬˮĿĿĺˮͻȻ䣬Ȼ޷ֱ˵骣ô˵ҲΪҡ
㵽Ҳ㣿ҷô
ǲġ
骾ֳǺĽɫרĿͱӣղǻݶ˵Ҫô˵ţ骾ô䲻ҲûӣôŮӣѵԸϰҪ涼ǲģȢһŮˣ
Գı飬ֳЩ⣬ġ
骺ǿ϶˵ǣȷҴʮ֪ʲôŮӵζѵֲʲôãʲôǲġ
ô磿ûͿգֳʵӦüٸʵ׵ģҲ֪Ϊʲôһ飬ʶ⻰ȻҪ骵졣
ʵͶԼЩˣҶ֪֪׵ĲǣǼֳôʣȻˣڵ˵ģӺأЩĹԣˣعѵġ
ֳ
Щ죿ֳŬԵ⻰˼˵ɡ
ղǲΪģ骼ֳҪߣ˵ǲĵģƣܣֺαѾѪ㵱ıʮ㣿ʵǲĶѡ
骵Σֳ֪ô̬Ȼֳֿ
ֳȥ֮󣬷˼˵ûбʵѡˣ˵Щŵֱˣ԰ȥסԲӣԳ֣Ĳ˵Ժȷʵк֡
Ǿһʲô
ڶһ磬ͺֳȥȻЦ˵⼸ղҪˣͰĵŴޣޡֳָһϺõĺӣ˵죬ϲ֮͸ԤˣͷҪġ
Ů˼ңʹӺӳʼ׼ļױȻֳѰǼȻеȻҲ
Ҳ֮ʼ׼ˡ
ֳ֣ԼûоܾĻˣȻ׼޸ˣȥʹˣʲôӶ׺ʣг׵Ҳһˡ
ЦеĿֳǼڵѾҲ¶۵Ŀ⡣
ֳصԼԺǮѶ˵ϲˣȻܼ¿ǺáֳЩģ̲סʵôˣѵŲү
Ȼǣֳ˵ȻͰ鶼˵ˡ
˭֪Ǯ꣬¶ЦȰĿֳ˵ЩԽԼ⣬ʱҲϸ˵־Щİǹǰӡ
ֳһǮּ˵ţСʱģǲűˣǵġ
ֵ˼ǣ
ӦǶԹˡǮ˵⣬ʲôŮûⷬңҲŻѪˡ
ֻǲġ
ǮЦģһֵģһ˸ôȢֻ籦ĳţðɣ˵ĲģΣ㻹þõ壿Ȼ˵˵֪ף֪ˣŶꣿ̣Ƿﻹű俤ʱѾͬİ·ֻҪŵԣһ㵮³ӣ骵ǲģֺα⣿źլ￴ˣҪûзӹĻܰȣҪˡǾͼɹˣլˡ
ֳǮֵ˼ΪϲԲֻ̣ǵĵͻݸ檡
Ǯֵ˼ǣ骶Ļϲͺã޺ͺģҲν޶ྴֻҪ³Ӿνˡ
ֳ̾һڷĽ˵֣˵ǡ֮ǰҪĲַֻҪ뽪С
Ϊʲô
ȻﶼˣϣһɵĵطԽʵҲǿ򰮶İɣ
ǰҪ뽪ʱֻż޸˭ʣĶˣǱƵģ޳ȥǰףԭʵҲЩĵġ
ֳЩеͷĵȥףⱲǲˣ
ֳ뿪ˣǮֺǸˣָһԵĺ첼˵ͷӰɣָ㿴￪ʼ㡣Ȼ˵ȥⷿ˼ͷϲ
ֳͨ˾ͲˣǮ˵ǲ⣬ֻ߲ģֻҪŵԣ뽪ͳɡ
һϲֳһ廨ٵģֻǮֵĲУ˵ǡ
ֳ֮ڼͷȻױӡ
Ȼмֳȥ骣ʱ骻ûףѾʼˣѵôһոµɮ£ð籲üģ̰׵ɫеķڲ࣬ҷׯʥ࣬е骿Ĳ˼顣
֮˽ֳ֮Ҳ⣬Ҫһװ̫нɵĸоˣ˧⡣
骼ֳ¶޵ɫǰѾĻһ˿׵ȥԼֳȴǲ⣬Դֳ֮ͣϵĿͶһЩǸĸΣǶŮϤֳ˼ֳ˵ҪϲҴװԺҿڷд㿴
Ȼһ仰ֳȻֿζ
ֳһ뵽Ǹͺˣ˵ֺ˵ʲô˵ġ
վڰºɽһ̨ϣԶƵȺɽ壬紵ֳƮ
骿ֳմһѰɴȹۻɫӣ˫̶Ƶ˿ȹһƮһŵĻ䣬ԭǣ߸ߵ̨ϣͬ뷲ӡ
ǰֳģǽϧ֮ƺЩһˣżüĿ˹ҵɫԡ
֮ʱ䲻ӡֳ˵ȥϡ
ϺãвٺӺ֬ˮۣȴǱ߳ġ
ֳȴ˵Ҫ㡣
骿ֳӣȻЩĿڿֵֻҪҪȥԭһõŮҲͬӦ㣬Ȼζʵ̫ã˵ֹ㣬Ϻʣлζġ
ֳ˵ζѰֻΪǶֳģڹŴȥԣӺģǲǾͺ
ȵĿ⣬ֳ̬ƺֻҪֳҪ󣬾ժϵǶԸӡ
ֳǮֵĻֻûǮǶԵģǶˣͻȻ䣬ۣ˵Ժ˽ǮҪҹܡ
ãֹﻹʲôҪ󣿡骺ԥ˵š
ֳ
ֹ˵ˣЦֳǳԾȻȻģģǿɰҪֱ§뻳ݺݵ׽һ
ֻʱֻǿš
Ҿ˵һ£ŽݣվҪʦسˣ취ѻڶ֮ǰҹζ࣬ЩίˣΪ̫æ϶Щ
ֳЩȽڶǱ˿ģӹΣҵ鲻ǣ
д󶨣ֳǱлҪ˵ǡ
ֳֵʵҽ˻飬˵Ҫڱ֮ͳף뵽һȥˡ
һЦһ˵ĬС
ֳȻã骹һӣƺҲ
ȥʱȥֳͻȻסʵôѾѪͲѾ赣
һɲǵĽӲǺܿƽ˵ҿƭ˵ûЩⲻ滰ԺศɵķޣҪһӣҪ̹
ֳ֪֪ͽ˽飬˲²⣬ʣû뵽骾Ȼô̹ϡ
ǲ赣ܷΪ֮ˣЩʡ
ֳȻĪ۸УȻǲĤҪǴʱ˽Ƕ˵ȴǺҪ飬ص룬Ѿܻˡ
ֻҪͺá骵ͷֳÿͷϵ鷢Ȼ˲ע⣬ڰԲĶͷֱһ¡
ٶȺܿ죬һգ۵飬骵촽ȵ¶Ⱥİ⣬ƺͣڶͷϡ
ֳȻˡ
ֳ̲סÿȥ骻վſڣͷңôׯض£ǰ̬ȴЩѵĲУЦĿķ
ֳ˻֣Ȼӣ¶һЦ
ֳ֮Ͱڼͷԭֳ׼֮弸룬ʣµĶѾߣ骽֮ͻȻ;ãǰľӪһλҲӦŬǣͷӦԼꡣ
ǮֻЩģֳүֻ߲ģǿֳĵڼͷڷһ
˵ǰ㣬߰գͺֳȥЩε˵˸ӣ˵µǰףü
ȷʵЩҴ١
ֳͬ⣬һȻŵˣϾ˵ºЩͬΪãǸϵҲһʢĻͰĵ¼ɡ
ֳижǰסĸ첲˵ĸá
ֳĸ첲һ뵽ֳҪ޳ȥȻǲᡣ
***
Įɳ󣬳ŲҪգҪ֣⿪֣ڵϣȻӹ½ӹˮ˹˵ĺȥ
ŵ촽ˣ˵ʣµǷ˰ɡ
ǲʡ
Ǻ˾ͺˡɫ
УξŷˮҲ᲻ãֻմմ촽и߹˵󽫾ǻҪ׷ȥֵǿɿ첻¾ҪɳĮˡ
ʱʱޣԲˮˡ
ؿڣֳңطɳֿȣȻЩ᲻ùϣɹˣؿڡ
һ뵽ֻҪ׽ס˺˵ͿԻؾȥˣĿͱ˵ˮ͸׷ȥ
֮ͯǰƲϽ򫣬ԽǸԽǷǿɲѰܱȵģս䣬Ѹݿ٣ụ̂ʹмսʧ󣬵Ǻܿ;˲ȴͷһμĽ˧ΪƸΪꡣ
ֱս
Щȥ˵
Ҳ룬ҳʱǼǿУѾˣӦѾˣҲ֪Сӻǹͯ״˴ֺڴ˵أ
ֻԽѹĿڡ
лҪ˵ģǣһ¾Ӧûˡ


 60 

ʮ
ֵļ, ʯ⣬иմսͿһ, ǰСˣмƿȵ΢, մ, , ˡ
ʵմͲԸᷳĲ, ֳˣŪ, ȴҪȢ, ֱԸʶ䡣
ͬˣֳ骶, ˵ˣ˶ֳԵˡ
֣Ⱦơܺ, Ȼ, ȴǧմһƵ˹ȥ, ˵Ҳҵˣ, ϾҲ޸ңǶһġ
˭㣿մ
㵱ҿ
մԿ͸ĵĿ⣬ʱ˵ˣȻ𩣬ԼֺγǷŲ£
ҹﶼεǰʱСȴȻǵֳᡣ
Ʋĺãʣմ˵ӺɷλޣѾ˼ҵС㶩ףڶˡ
𩷢ִ֣ԲʵմҲģѾŬ߳ˡ
ϲ֡
һһȴ˿ɬζٺһͬΪཻһֿѣ;Ȼһֱ˳죬Ҳǿ˷ѣλй䣬ȥٵİһζ
Ϊǰˣ˴ۣԺ·ߵӼ㡣
***
ֳȻ֪ΪھƾƣǱ˲ŻȥģպĻڣƽ͵͵ܳȥˣȴǲУչأ㲻ڳˡ
ֳЦ˵ĸ֪ˣġ
Ϊֳ޵ķ⣬ȥһ˹̫ͻ飬ּ⣬Ϳ񸮳ˣһݻʼ͵ĵļױõģ˵ĹŮҲˡ
⼸վ˯ҲЦѣԭúõĶӳˣѹĲԼٺȻ룬˺ΪʦΪһĸףϣӣ
ŶãͻȻ˵Ҫףеֳףþ͸һģҪأ˵ҪŸﱸˡ
骸˵Ļȥ飬ǰ˵Ͳˣ̫⣬Ǿӳҵľֻ֮һ뷨ֻҪϻףһˡ
Ҫи⣬ͻȻҪˣϾҲӽģʵ̫ˡ
ʯϲиСլӣǾסʱʯ϶ԺȵģҲǳֵ֡ӣԼǸӣչˣʹ棬ֱҪʱ򡣡
ΪܹŶʮĸףʵҲЩ飬̲סס˵ˡȻɵ˵ԺһĻúТ˳
˿Ŷӣˣȴס˵ͻƶ죬ôҴҵĳ׵ģȻӦˣҿǸ˵ϱһЩȢǰ˱ġ
뵽Լ踺أ˵İɡֳܲãǿļϵˡ
ܿ͵ֳ޵ӣĺѡļգһЩȡ
ӭ׶˲˼ͷ󺹣ɫϲΪ˻˸ٷҲǸС
̫**ģȴƺһ㣬Цʮֲãŵӭ˽ȥӡ
ӳҪҸȥΪ򫲻ڣͺԼҼֶæֳǽµʮ꣬ȥոնףǸݵˣֳϸ׵ĲУ׾۶һ㣬ֳЩģԼ̫
һ죬ֳ첲ȴڣ֪˲¡
˭ֳʵ
˺ʱˣѽ
ֳֻ˶Էʵıϣ˹ȻоƺֳëɵıţȻǳȣš
ֳ˵ĲͻȻ͸оʪʪģһξ죬ʵ㵽˭
Ȼֳ˻ͷۣίӣ˾Խѽء
ֳ
ҺǺѣұŵġ˾Խ͵Ϊߵ̫죬ͺ˸һεľ룬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
˾ԽֳһϲϲбջҪڵױݣⱾӦǼ޸ӣ޵޴ĺӣԭӦü޸ҵġ
°մᣬ骷Ͳ˵ˣΨ˾ԽȴСͬҲϡ
ֳΣ˵Ҫڻǰߣ
˾Խɴ۾ƺЩţ𣿡
ֳЦˣն˵ȻǲУƸΪޱΪ檣Ҫںεأ
˾Խѹĵͷ˵Ҳû룬ֻҪ㣬ҸǱӳš
ʱָ˹;ǰ˲̫ԾҲԣӾͷܣǰŻˡ
˭Ҫ
ְֳ˰֣Ȼ˾Խļ˵֣ʱ쵽ˣ󲻵áȻֶ˾Խ˵ߣ
˾Խ˲ᣬͱֳǰߣ˵ǸɫҪǶ㲻ãңһĲ˵һȭͷˣŮӣߡ
ֳ֪ʲôζԭȻô˳ģ˵ţˡ
ŵſڣ緢ĵţ˾ԽֳҾҲЩϵ׻̸϶ô׽ӳţ˾Խ۾ģȻǸտ޹
ֳСıʱЩѪӿ
˾ԽҲǴĵ⣬ֻ˲ŶȻӳŵĳ˾ԽЦЦʮֵķΣ˵˾Сżˣм
һ仰Ͱĵλʾ㾡ܱϱ
˾Խҧ骽ƻһֻ꣬Ҫ˵骣ҪǸҶԳãһ׷ĺǣҪ
ǡЦһصĻᣬġ
˾ԽֳһӾסֳ֣ƺܵһ㣬ɼղŵĴʵҲǼﻹǺżġ
骺ֳֽգô۵ĺܣҲֻ֪ˣֳ˵ء
˾Խֿ˳סˡ
Ӣ˵ͷڸˣ
ӢʵҲ룬˾Խ̫ˣŲôһӦû£񱳲ֳ o(st)o
Ȼǰݱĸʽֳĸ˫ģȻͬĸף̫ʦϣ˵Ĵ
ֳ˵ĸȥˡ
ۿģȴǿûп޳ǵֳ˽ӣ̲סһԵ˵ֲġ
лҪ˵ûдo(st)o
Ҫһģϲղ°ɣӰĵĸ£Ȿ鲻ˣˡ
Сӡ
İ
һ۾ͷԼԽһа崿Ů޸˶һţ𶯵ܲûծһO(st)o
£籾ģŮĺãʹթŮĸ飬ʧܣӺ¼޸Ͳ塣
ڽ鵱죬Ϊ鷸Ʊ׽ˡ
Ǵʱԭܲ˴õɱˡǿۣϹʮ׹ԢжʮĴ̲סЦ
ϹץҪźÿ»ʮ׹Ԣӣⲻİ
ӣ
APPСʹ鷳ֶȻԤտСӡ~ôôౣ


 61 

ʮһ
ֳֳ̫ˣǹŴִ, ִΪӦ, ŴΪڶȴ, ŵž˯ˡ
һ, ֳ˯˵ڶϡ
۾ͿİĻɢ, Ȼ󿴵һĺоӳ, ˮ˵, ӣȥ밲ˡ
ֳ, ԭѾˡ
ֺǮȻ˹, ŽǮֳּżĲУ׵һȥˣɲһ, ԽǺ, ؾԽأ˵Ҹϴɡ
ֳԺȻǮźϴ, £ųѹʱѾǴϳˡ
һΪμͻ磬һȴǼ˹һԱ
ֶΣӶԼȻʵʵģԼﲢӣ֮ǰ˾Ͷ֤ƴֳΪԵʣҲˣԶֳȻʮֵĻϲ
Ȼˣ»˵˸ãʵϣֳͶϣͻȻ벻óһγҡ
Կֳʱ򣬶Цݣдֳ˵Ժɶһˡ
ֳ˲裬ȻףȻŸȥ˺լǺǰչأϱռ޹Ҫźĸ
ֳ˵ˣȻָм伸ˣ˵ʹģ˵ϲĲȡ
ֳϲԺʣǰһϺн֭ȡ
һԵĴϱΪζռ޹ʱһµĹأģľźˣһ㵡Ҳ˵˺üΡ
죬ײžӹ˳һЩ޹ֳȴǱŵ׹Ůһ۰ͬϱƾʲô
һ룬ϵɫЩÿˣ˵ããضˣңһµĹء
β֪ϵ飬ľƫ̻ģرǶСӣӵǶ˼簮Ͼ֧ӦˣСǣΪӼ̳˾λСȴûκξλˣǷ͸ӵĳ谮ˡ
ôԶ²ס죿Ľأڸ
˵ϰɷľλˡ
⻰̫ϬˣһӾ͵ҪϺ˵ҲǸ˼
ǵã๫ֻһֵܣԺҪиʲôҪֵæΪǰһӬͷСס۾֪ء
ϲ˵˵ǣĸס
֪ͨ˻Ǿ˵ĻԣȻҲϷ֮֮Ͼʹֳܺá
ֳȻ֪֮϶飬û뵽Ըܱ˵Ҳᷳȥ
ùţֳͱ˴򷢻ȥЪϢˣ˵ӦۻˣǺúûȥЪϢ
ֳȥ֮ȷʵֽۣžӦԸʻֵۣͷ˯ˣһϣԺ֮ƺ˵
ԼԼƺ߹أʧټʶ
ֹһܾͰ骻صڣֳѾˣЦ˵ʲʣҸ㵹ˮ
ֳͷ骵һˮֳҲûţǿ˼ڣһԵǮֱּȥˣǸˣ骶ֳãһ˾˵źӺˮˣ־ֳƺеˡ
ô˯ģ
ֳˮʵǱǲǳˣ
һ٣ֳԼ˵ǣүʧˡ
ֳ֪ôչģĵ˵ôãŮһģֺγǰ𾴵ĳأ
ʵܶʱѾ䵱ĸ׵Ľɫ
ĸô
˵ܲסιȥˣ˵俤£Ϣ
ֳ˵ҵûȥһˡ
ʵֳ»飬Ҫȵղܻţ뵽ĴһҲȲȥˣǸˣû˱ָϵģڽ仹СԼǸأȻҲŵĽ˵Ϣ
֪ʱסˣ̾һ˵ȥɡ
㡭
ֳЩھΣΪʵǲϹأȴ֧ɼİŵȥˡ
Ц˵ҵӣ飬ȻҪȥ
ֳҴҵĻѣ͸һͬһյЩֺģˣ˺ȹϵϣżֲ֪Щʲô
ֳֿᣬ˵ֹֳѾǼˣϾ͸Ŀ˵ٷˣôˣ
ֳĸ£ܰȻţȻʵĸ״ˣ
־ƽʱûаֳԽǹؼʱԽܿιȥǷͿʼϴģָ͸ǣƹģʵҪңЩ֪ʧˣսʧ٣ˡ
󣬽ǫүˣԶԷǿҲҵŪǻҡ
ֺ޵ҧгݣȴûȥܷֻԺӹסͿˣȥʰǸ
ֳֵıԹʺǷQôãү䲻ʼٻԼǰŮˣǳıӵˣùӳԡ
ⲻûֶΣֻǲмȥãѾĵߣĵȻǽ򫣬ΪĸǿûŮһ㡣
СʱߣѾǵڶˡ
һԵ̫ʦϣȿֻãȻֳͻȻͺҵĹǣܹסֳ˵㣬ôˣǶ˵ʧˣҺ¡ء
ֳʵĽ䣬Ȼ֪򫲻£ǿӿޣҲѹ϶µġ
𣿿˵׶༪ˡ
һԵˣʵ˭˵ģöȥѵ
ǽǫ
Ǹϲ̨ӣҾ֪Ǻö
Ĵֳȴ˵֣һҩ裬ιĸ
֣ѵֻ֪ǸˣȻô˵ǫǲΪģҾͲʰˣŷͽǫ˽ǡǻ̲סѵ˵
ֵͷҷ±Σûˣ˭չ
ѱģھüһߵģƽﲻ֪ôֺү
ϣһ޵Ůˣܻʲôʲôҩι˭֪ʲô
ֳȻǺҩȻҲֱӷߣҩоԶˡ
лҪ˵ȥ¿ӲȲ£


 62 

ʮ
ֳҩǼһ, Ͼ۾, ЩãȻ, ſΧ, һӾͻε֮ǰ飬̲ס۾Ȼĵ, ˻ƵĺҶĺӣ
⻹ֳһοô, ʲôʱǴݵ, ǿŪҲܵĲ, ˵, ĸ, һµġ
ʱڵ, ǿ, ʱЩԥǷںͱͱĸ첲, ˵, ү
ʱͻع, ˵, ĪҪˣ˵, ѾʧһˣǵطܶɳĮΪ֮ȥ˾ͳˡֻ̾Ϊ߹ŵ߾Ҫһµʱ䣬֪ǻɥ°ɡ
˾ͲˣӲ˲ᣬȻպԱߣֱһ˦˹ȥ
ʮֵʱһӵ˶ɵˡ
ӣ㻹ûģҾȥǺ롣ҧгݵ˵
ôܴүԭ۵ĲУ⻰۾˵£ûʼҿԺġ
ݱϾǻʵ۵İܣּֻޣûк룬̫׹ùãǱϾӸҪǣ
һ룬ԼҺͻҵŦͶϵˣ̫Ը⿴ġ
һ߸ߣ˵ȻҴĸҲûҶһָͷȥȥĸȥҾͲˣվߣˣ㻹Ϊͼʲô룿ֽŮӣֻܱ˵˦Ӵǵˡ
ȭͷָ׿ҪֳһĿҪըˣ޿κΣĸĲµġ
ϣܾȻȥɾͳԲˡ
㲻ðοңû˵Ǹط֮
ֳն˵ĸҷģԲµģ꣬ͻᰲȻ
֪˼Ұġ
ֳ֪ôţ֪ȥ϶ǲеģֻ˵ǰˣ￴ˣһũļ˵û취ҳˣԼأҲã˺ûҳͷġ
ֳĿ⽥ץס󣬡Ϊʲôθң
˵ĸ˵ģܲסֵʧٵϢѹֻҪθҡ
ʵε飬붼Ǽٵģοţʱ̫Ҫһ֧ţοֳǱˣѾͬŮԸΪˡ
ĸ㲻ѹһӣűǶô𣿡ԭУΪʧ٣ʹѣһȻˣײǰΪ֮󣬲òˡ֪ӣʲôͷʵΪˡ
ԣ˵öԣҲˡ˲ᣬʱҧгݵ˵ҪýǫӣΣ
ֳȼ˶־һֻҪû¾ͺá
ĸҽ첻ˣֳ˵
Ѿǻع˵տ׵ĵڶգô׵Ļңⲻʣ֪ˣǲˣϽȥɡ
ϾҪһܴĿֳȻѾǰ֪ᷢ飬ȴܶ˵Ψһİ취Ǹԡ
УȥʲôӣȻǲͬġ
ֳһӾͱס˵ĸڳҵԼļ飬ѵһӲܣĸҾǸûҪĹŮչ
ֺֺЦ˵⺢ӣ⻰ң
ҲܣҪĸ
ֳˣӣ̲סͷ˵ǸúӣĸʮǰԵ㡣
ֳչϴϴӣʱ򿴵ڵʵ˯ˣ
˰裬˯ȥˡ̫ҽҩûãֳֳɵҩǼһģҩЧѣҳһˣشԭ˯ģҩЧϾ˯˹ȥ
һֳʵأ
ū澺˯ˡ𽪱̲ס¶۵ɫŻˣһֱҺ˺þò˯˹ȥ
˯˾ͺáȻ˵֣Ѳ⼸վͲȥˣҪ˯չĸ
Ǵϲ֪˵ĺô仹СȻֳŮȴʮֵĹңǳ˻鸾ˣи԰
ɲУ¹үǻ»أ¹үݹأҲںլ˴뱲ӵˣǶأĲֳ
ʱô뿪𣿵ֲ֪ô骽ڵһʱžѾܲˡ
ŴԺֳȥԺ骱ϾУܽլԺһͷ
ֳʵĸôˣ
ֳĸ˳֮骵ĳƺҲĸôһʱֳ׽˲١
ֳЩԥ޳ȥŮ˾͵óȥˮʱ򶼲
Ϊ˰ѽ򫣬Ϊ˹ϸõǳΪһĸŹ󸾡
㵣ĸ𣿡Цʵ
ֳ
Ӧõġֳļ򣬾ӸµĿ⣬˵ʹ죬Ȼȥ˵һ£Ȼɺã
ֳѾ֪˵ʲô̲סס骵˵л㡣
ѾˣǵڻûʵΪżǿֳǷ˶ѪֳܺһȻ**ζ˴ѣĸΪ泩
ֳ骾ԿˣĺҵĳȻֳվҪ׹ȥ
Ȼ洫ʹӵү
һӾͷֿˣΪ£
һֱȥ˺ܵģСʲôŭ⣬˵ͻȥ
Ȼֳֶ䣬ȥˡ
ֳլԺΪУӵԺ̥ϣѾǲСˡ
ֳȴûߣǿȻڵ
£
ϳһ˵ֹ֪Ӧʱ˵ֻýǫӣլûҵˡ˵žҵ̫϶Źҵġ
лҪ˵


 63 

ʮ
Ҫ, ھͿȥλ
ǰĵλȹΪи򫣬ǳ, Ǽ̳˾λˣĳ, ܺڲһˣˣһ̳оλľǽǫҪ˵ôܳ, ɼԺҪѹȥˡ
ʱİͷ, Ҷ, 
˵С㣬˵ʲô, ôۣͬ
Ȼ, 㻹ʲô
һʱסһ˵, Ŀˡ
ֳͷ, , ڲʰ˵, Ͽ˵ʲôȻָ˵ôȣȴҲɴʣίóеˣһЩҲѰһͿ˿ⷿٸһᱡ
ֳл֣ȻϾЩǣ֣㻹ҪһЩ˼ˡ
ͣ˶Ͼͻ˵ū֪ˡ
ֳ֮æǰæģۣմ˯ˣһ骻ص˼У͵Ŷſڵ
Ѷûȥݡ
ڶϣʱˬֳҩãֳּûߣһֱ˯ڲ䣬Ȼ֪־ʮָж
ֳ֣ԸвˣֱŽĸףֱ˹ȥô˵޿˵εˣҺ¡
޷ֻñŽԷ
ų緹˵ˣһڵôõĵزеЩھͻȥԺû¶Ҫ׻üǵãѾˡ
˵䣬һ͵˾˼
ֳ̲סʵĸǡ
˵Ȼţ϶ҪȳүָˣҪȥһ˹̫飬û취ϱ䡣˵ͣ£εĺģųã谮̣ЩˣȴԼ׹ⶼˣˣλ̹Ȼޣ
һԹվţ⻰ϵ㲻ɣ
˵Ȱѳһ
Ȼû˵̬ѾԳʮľķǵͷˡ
ĸ빬
ûȥˡ
ֳ֪Ϊãû˵˭ҵϱŲͻңĸܵġ
Żص˼У骱ɳȥ¶ϲŻʱֳѾ˯ˡ
ڶϣֳȥ밲֪ôȻ˶̬ûǰȡ
һԵԭǺֳܼ˶Щ̣ĪĸϽ͵˵ã˵ȥ
Ͼͽ͵Ǳʧˣĸֱ˹ȥӴСĸȻǷĲ£֮ǰҲ׵ġ
ʵһ仰ͰȥˣֳĴ˵˳Ե塣
ԽļˣСǰǻˣƲϣֻھͺһһֳ΢ȥһֱͷԷһ仰ҽɷ򣬲֮ƵĲС
ɫڻͼ֣öӵĻеֳˣͬĸף˵˹ȥҲΪģ̫ҽǿȥˣ
ֳͰ鶼ˣȻû˵ܵ飬ֻһ䣬Ӧðɥ¡
һ仰ӣ˵黹ûŪʬδ˵ɥ£ǺͿ
ֹ˼գֳԭҪջţ˵⼸һֱڹûлŵٵȵȡ
ֳֻ֪˲ˣʧ䣬ȥͲˣϣ骻ֳʵʲôʱȥ
£¶ǰͨŪãַſڵĹӸ磬Դӳ֮Ͱ˶ǲȥˣΪֳԴףڶԼŪ
˿н⿪˼Σ̫˳ǺԵʣ⻰һ٣˵ǻ»飬Ҫһ°ɣ
ֳû˵Ťͷȥڴ̵棬̾һݺݵק˿УȴΪȣֻˣغˣ
ֳһȥѪ֣ҩ
骼ֳģͷϸϸĸϴ˿ڣĵ顣
֪㵣ĸסڼҲǶоһĸ˵ģҪȥĸȥ㡣˵
ֳимҩԽϸˣ˵л㡣
ȴ㵹ô˵Ҳû͹ңʲôʱԲ
ֳһӾͺˣ⼸˼飬ûԲ˵֮ǰֻ˵ϤϾ̹ȻףҲǱؾ֮·ЩпȻҪЦʮᣬֳҪ
ͻȻ˺ˡ
˲Ǳˣˣɫѿ˵ʰһ£ҳȥ
骵ǳʲô£
ĸ޽ˡ˵ž֪۰㣬Ͻȥܼһ档
骴СƵƯܵóϲϲľĸֻҪǺöţСʱһ֮һʱ䶼档
ɫף˵ϴȥʱ򣬻úõģôͷˣȻȥѣֳ˽ȥ˵Ҹһȥɡ
Ÿš
ֳ˵Ҫĸ밲һֱûʱ䣬϶Ҫȥ
ԭֳȥİĻӦģ⻰־ʮ񣬻иԭǣĸΣֳȥŴȥҲá
Ҳȥһѡ
ֳһؾѳͷϵҲժˣ˼ˣ⣬˵Ѿˡ
˴ŷӺͶϱȥңȫ˶Χں
Ϸͷݴ飬Ѿǹȥˣ˸յſھ̫ҽ˵Ϸ˼ݺȥˣλڰ
һʱڿϣֳվſڣһȺ˹ڴǰޣȻҲ
һҹû˯ҹãȥ˰ݣڶŻصջص˼оͿ֡
ɫܲÿ˵С㣬Ҫ档
ֳȥһԵ˵С㣬빬Ѿˡ
Ъڹ˰ɣ
ЪڹҲᴫҪǷ¶ֻֿŵɫᵽˡ
ֳһͻȻʶʲô˵ǲǲڹ
빬ʱ˵ǡ
ˡ
лҪ˵ˣһݡ


 64 

ʮ
ֳǵ, ԭͻʵعڽ֮󣬵鶼ԭˡ
ʼҪýǫӣ̳оλʱ򣬾͸оǰҲΪʲô, һֱܽǲҪԭ򣬵ȻԸ鷳
ֵĻôû, ѵǰˣ
ͻʵ۵ع⣬ѹ, ˵㣬ʵ۲ڣŪûͻʵ۶ţ
ֳߵ˵һʱŭ⻰˵ˡ
ʲô, ǿԵ빬, Ҫǰ, ̫ʱ⡣
ֳŸоζ
ȥԷˣ
ԼλһǼеĳӣ̳Լҵľλ, ֵ˴ľλ
ū澲ȥַһĨڣ֪ΰˣû˿, Ϊˣĸһֱǰͳȥˣû
ʱֻΪûҲȷǲǳʲô£ȥ߶ˣһһʱܲס˸Σ
ֳΨһ뵽ľǻʵˣ֪ʵһֱûǹʵ¿ȥ
ֿЦ˵һū澣Ҳڹſһ䣬ڱµȥ֪ܵ
ûǿҵĸоֳϣܻ
֪̽ͷ¶ֱǸɫǹҪ͵Ҹղһֱڲ俴顣
ֳϲ˵
骵¸ĺһͬȥ˳ɽ
ֳ֪ʵڻͽ˳ɽȻȥĹˣǵúʵĹѨ͵͵һĹĶ֮±֮˺һʵһһؾҪʱ䣬ȥˣǻʱˡ
ѵȥһʵۣ
ôҪһԣֳѣ骼Ҫųһͬ˸ߵ·ھͿ
ˡ
ԭ֮ǰ͵飬СϢָճŰʱͻˡ
Ҳȥһʵˣֳϲֱӹ˸ȥ
˿һЩֳһӾˣָ˵ϺͿ빬ܳʲô£
ֳȴǲˣҪ˵չŵʱڣҲܣĸҪҡ
ҪֳҲ壬ͻȻϻŵ飬⼸յ㲣ҪҸ˵˵ʱŷ֣Լ߾Ȼܸο˶ûС
ֻ»顭
Ҫȥңٰɥ£ֳȥܿ࣬æϾ˼ֳֻҪȥһξͳˡȫˣͰԼҪȥҵ˵ˡ
˸У˵Сʱ򻹸ŸȥϷ˰٣ʱҸݴ棬һֱ浽ڡ
骺ĸ˾ͺۣ˵ĸϲɥȥʱӴ󲮣ǶԡΨȥˣûܺĸ˭һ仰
ڰ
ο˼䣬骾ͺֳ
һߣһȥֻķðǣ۵ʱͿүʲô
Щһֱƭң
һ𣬵ϻǿ򶨣޵ȻСѾˣۿº˽ᣬġֵүҵĻɣڵľ棬˭ҵĴ󲮻һֶӣԼĶӣ
Ĭȴȼ棬ˣҶá
кӿһŮˣƾʲô޽ӣ˻ִ
ΪҪĳ
Ǽʣǲ¶һ֣ӱ߹ػ֮Ըͱøǰ滹һЩֻҪûˣ͸ĺ֣ʱ˺ۡ
үǫ׹⣬һҪ̳оλǡ
ǫɫڻͼ֣˵˵֪ˡ漴˵ϾҪ¶ˣʱҵҪλ˵ĸƣ˵Ķׯ󷽵ʲôɫ
пοү˵ǣӿҪˡ
***
ֳȻʱסȥңÿֳˮʱʱ·Ͻֱżʱ˳ժĻʱ򻹻Լдʫ䣬ֳд¸͸
֣Ҳֵ֪Ů˵Ļ£һ˵ֱȽ̫࣬ÿ骶ʱҲ룬ǰôŮˣǲҲӣ
ȻľãһֻҪĺãϻǮŮʸǶǼӣǹŮӣҲвҹѸٹ֮ģûмƭ˵϶û취Ļ֮ġ
ֳܿͶԼ˵ЩǹȻǾҪúһҲͲˡ
Ҳûеȵʱ빬ʱǰŹȥͺŸ˹̫棬˵ˣҪ̫ǫΪӣ̫Ȼ֪谮Сӣû뵽ѾزŭСһ٣ȥֳֵ˾֪ͲˣͰ߿ο
ȶûϢ׼ٴ빬ˣֳһζҪţΣ֪ͬҲˣֻһΣҲˣͻغȥ
ֳɵĵͷĲУΣǸµģ˭֪ôǿ
ĸҾǲġ
һͬ˹Ҫ빬ҪǰӣͬΪֱ̫ӹȥˡ
ֳ˹
̫ԵԥǰһսۣǱ߹ģƣǳĲɣ˵Ѿ̲ס
Ҳޣ֮ǳܲסһӾ˹ȥ
ֳָι˼һҩĻ˹סֳ˵ⲻĶԲԣ
ֳǿ϶ĵͷһš
Ǿͺá
һĬ˼Ȼô˵̲סޣֳײźס
̫һ̾һ˼ҽֳ˵úӣ֪ǸТ˳ģЪһɣȳȥ
˳ӣã̫ԵҲǺƣ˵ҲЪŰɡ
***
Ůǵ㣬ֳ۾ĵȥ氲˺һֳ۾¶˼ɫŵ𴲣ӲС˳ȥЪʱûʲôˣſŮڴ
и۾
ȥ
̫˷㶼ҪȥԱһȻ⹬̫๬ŮǸģǸõġ
ūźȥɡ
ֳϾ˵ǰ棬ֵͷ㣿˵ֲǵһ빬ˡ
ǹŮֳҲϤģЦŵ͸Ҫźġ
㣬㲻ãһ࣬Ҿͽš
ǹŮȻĵͷ빬֮󶼻ţҪЩŮž͸׺£οȥȻҪģǹ£ǵúһ
ֳһȥˣǵŵǰ·ڣһתԱ߶ȥȥ˴ߣǱиСţϴλã޵һ棬ֱӽҡ
ǽͷܴɹͷ󺹣޲ýȥȵ̶ﻹи˵ҲֻĲ²أ
и˵²ǶԵأ
ôֻҪһ߿ܣֳͲܷΪĲ
ֳԼĪӣ̫ˣҪʱ򣬺ȻͿһӰȻԶԶĿ壬μΪϤ
˹ȻߵԱ̫˵£ҪȥҪǱֿɾͲˡ
޶Բסúӽҵȴ
˲ǱǻʵۣΪÿζؾصģ̫ҲǴûʵ۴ᵥ档
ǰҲˣȥüΣʹࡣ
̫Ҳ˵̾һԿ׳ҪȻͿ߳һɫɴµٸ
ˣ
ֳŻʵ˵£Ҫȥ
⻰һֳ͸оܴѹֵϢʵһĿĿʱЩֳλɵıƣƶڻʵ˵һͷֳԾؾͿ־ķ
֪ʵ۶ھκ͸飬ָ鼸Ҫǵ򲻵ѣ˺ϲˣڡ
£ĪҪţáֳ˵
лҪ˵²ܽˡ
ҵ˵£ỻλֽؿ£ʵǲϲ±ټλСʹǡ
Ѿˣղأǡ
Сӡ
İ
PS:һƪɳġ
һ۾ͷԼԽһһһε崿Ů޸˶һţ𶯵ܲûծծʮO(st)o
£籾ģŮĺãʹթŮĸ飬ʧܣӺ¼޸Ͳ䡣
ڽ鵱죬Ϊ鷸Ʊ׽ˡ
Ǵʱԭܲ˴õɱˡǿۣϹʮ׹ԢжʮĴ̲סЦ
ϹץҪźÿ»ʮ׹Ԣӣⲻİ
ӣ
APPСʹ鷳ֶȻרҵСӡ~ôôౣ


 65 

ʮ
ùǹˣĴüĿ, Щ̫, Ȼ̸ϴ󸻴󣬵ڴҲǸ˵ϻˣΪƽ˺, ƺʩ, ˲Ե, е, ̫óֶЩеù, ȥŪһӾܰˡ
ɼҲǸز¶ġ
, ùһƽͰɫ̬ǰδе, һ˵º, ̫϶˭ʱū澾û취ȥˣ³֮үҪū澡
˵, Ȼ, Ҵõñ, ̵֪ĶܣÿοǸ־ҪԹŮ׽סˣǳ죡˵ԵúԾԾ, ˣҪһþλô׽᳡Щ̵ס
ԭ֮ǰҪýǫ̳оλҪµʱ򣬵һ̲סľǻʵۡ
ڴķùÿţҵᡣ
һҪˣԴӴؽ֮Ϳһţֱ̫ͨң˵Ϊ˷δȻˮʱֱӳ⵱Ȼǹûʵ˵ʵҪһ˽᣿ȻŵԿΪʲôһڱϡùǸģֻ̫ԿΪ˱ãͲ֪Ǵʲô˼
ԽԽǾú޵ĲУӦɽɱǸ֡
ү˵ʲô
Ͼ˵ûУһж֪ͨҡ
һߣʵ۶ֳĿֱ˷˵ε֪ģ
ֳתķɿ죬ȻˣȻһ˵ǣȥʱ·еײ˵ҲǹҪ
ʵ۳ĬֳŵĵŻʵ۵ķӦһ˵ģȻص㣬ʹǺƭޣǾ۾֮ȫʬ˵Ҳ޼¡
ֳһɲǵԥΪĿǰһжԭ²ģǰˣȻ֪**ʮ˭ܱ֤
ֳǹ˵£ҲǼƻб䡭
һԵ̫࣬Ц˵ˣ£˵ǲ⣬ҪֶβȡµעѣϾһ΢ĹŮҪٻҲǳ
ֳȴȻµģǱ£ͬĸⲻһᣬҲﲫһоãأ
ֳ˼ԣǼٵģΪİΣֳҲҪ֪ͨʵ۵ģԲںֻΪ˱Ķ顣
ʵۿֳϵĿ⣬ȻЩݣҲһЩ˵ģβ
ùü˴ӲŽңһǻʵۣдϲæǳһԵĹŮʹɫǹŮĵľȥ
ǵȵĽŮ˵үù˵ˡ
һʼɫӣȫΪŭ⣬սȭͷˣ̲סˣȻߣŵſɫڻָǸЩͬ
̫øԼȥ˶᷿ϢѣĻͿˣ

ң˭ܽ˵ʵһѲŵԿףһʵ顭ȻǱʱͷ⼸ʵ۶ԽȷʵЩͬѰͺԴԼ׶һ㣬Ӧ˵׶Ҫʮ
ѵ˵ǻʵ
̫ģĻԽ̲סˣԭֺ֪˽
˵ʲô
Ǿ͸ҽȥǲģ
̫Σȥݣſֿʺ̫Ӻ̫ˣ̫һʱסʲô
ǻ˵£ȹ
̫ĹǺִ֪Ҫ˵ȴֱӾƿҵţȻڶһӰ
̶꣬һֱ꣬ҲԼĺӣǻֵģѹŤǡ
ûһ˿һ㣬οүûа취һϵĻʵۣһ̫Ůûȷ֤֮ǰһˡ
еǰĹǺۼ˲ˣ˷Ĺùڹеһȥ￴ùõʱ˵˽顣
ٸҹҹֱñʹ࣬ҪǷһԸοԿơ
ǲɷϣҲĽģ֮ǰǾĹ㣬֮ˣֶׯ磬֪Ƕе¹⣬ڣĽ
ֻϣԽʧԽ࣬һ֪ʵۺ˽飬һҹû˯Ҫǵʱڱ߹أ̲סȥɱҲһΣΪĲɣ塣
֮ÿΪʹͻԽһ֡
ڣڿʵۺ˽飬Ҫˣеͺʹ࣬Ҳڵͷ
̵ס֣Ǹʼݱ֮ǰ˵ƷأФ޹ܿ˳дͳǺԼĵ˽飬˽ӸܴܵñƷ𣿡
⻰һ˶һ̫һģûιȥһԵĻʺסɫͨ죬壬Ϳˣ
ǣ壬ǲЩ
һ䣬һ½ҹȥ˭ȥеˣڳ˶иӵӰҿͻʵۼΪơ
ҪֳǾǻĳ£Ǿ㿴ˣҲҪװ֪
Ȼ岻Ǿȥҽɡ̫ȿ˵ĸϢңҵȻǳȥɡ
˭ߣ
û˶Ϊʵۿ϶棬Գٳٶû˵ǧѷĻᣬּܷҪŪȥĹǺƿӣ㿴һԹŮĳ̬
ֱƿӣμΪʵ۵˾Ȼһ̫࣬ŵɪɪ˵ū澸
ôأ
ʱſͻȻһүɫЩ԰ףȴԽվıֱҪջҪʮ㣬үʲô׽𣿿׽ˣ
ֱţһϴƿ죬ҪҵˣǷ˰ľҲûҵʵ۵Ӱ
ⲻܣù˵ˣʵ۽ˡ˵뵽ʲô˵ĸȥʷùã˵ģΪ֤
ֹŮܽ²ˣùԾˣѪ顣
ֻѪд˼֣ūԩһжǱơ
ùȻ͵֪¶Ҳ֪Լûл·ˣӮˣǿԱסȴǺϣˣҧָдѪ飬͸ɴͶԾˣҲǸ
лҪ˵дΣͻˡ


 66 

ʮ
Ѿʧ, ̫ȴ侲, ʵۺĶ, εĲӦ, ϣúõĻ, Ҳܺͻʵ, ʱȥоû֮ǰȰˡ
˵, ֳ, ΪֶŮ
̫ϵ˵, ˣˣ͵ȥȻĸ˵ȥҽ
Ȼ̫Ҫֱӽҹȥ, ڵιסЩڳ죬ֻҪʵ۲, һж˵, ܺùԺֵǿ
һֱܿƣǿ̫, Щѹԭ̫, ʲôȲĶӣʹ˵ĻƿЦ
Ҫֳ, ҪǱץҪٵԩȻȴݵһʮɷҪأ
ûһ˿һ֣
ĵӷȴס֣һֳģᣬӣûа
̫Ҫ̫ƽˣʺڣҲһ²һ£ϾºҲûжأԼе顣
ĸ!̲ס
̫ȴǺĲȥеίǶ˵Ͻȥˣ˺㶮
̫ĵ̬һ˲̫˼ˣƻҲ˴ˣûʵͻʵۿ⣬Ͼͻָǡ
ԣĸͷۣȥЪŰɡ
վס˵Ϥڳ˶ɪ£ͷһ֪ʲôʱʵ˹ȴû棬ʵŮ֪ͨˡ
ĸ󣬳ôһ£ôҽȻĿ⺮˵Ϊ׽飿˭ģҺͱõģ
ʶһӾͼеĺ⣬ղǿѹȥίͲɣӿɫͨ죬Ŀŭ⣬ʲôãҵӣ
ȻӣΪ
ױŭˣѾʧȥǣ̫ȰοҲȥһ磬͵˽ͨ˽ӣ㻹˵ңôͲļһҪһԹŮ߶˺Ķӣĸ׿㣬㵽Ǹʲô
̫ȥ֪⻰һֵ֮䣬û취޸ϵˡ
ʵԵЩ˼飬˵˵򫣿Һ˽ӣ
ѵǣΪɵӣҸǰӣǲܵģҰǺǣСʱҰɽһԸһٷʱ򻹸򣬹
ֱ̯ڵϣ˵ԼĶӣ
ҵģ֣˵ĵУһֱ֮ĳ죬ʮѹ֣ѾŤǡ
ͻȻҳ֮󣬽ر֣һĵҲȥ̫Ĵûͱ˽¼ûе˵һ仰⺢ξͳ˱µģ
ʵۼҪ޵ĲԼΪܣҲǰκεľٶǰһֱã֮䣬ֻҪһЩʱ䣬һؾۡŷ֣ǳײܵģеУֻΪҵĸԴ
Ȼô϶⺢Ǳµģ֤ݣҧվ弸ֳϣĿֻΪĸײеļǿҼ޸ʱ֮Լ֪ڳ򫣬ʱû£ξͳ˱µģүңȴôҵĺӣʲô֤˵ǣ
̫Ѿ׷ˣһԵ̫ʦϣƺͲԸ⿴Щĵ顣
ȻЩȻҲìܵģԽǰĽԽǺһּ˵顣
֪ӣڽҴʱ϶ĬϵģΪӾһЩԲһЩĪĽΪ֪˶ٴζӣ
ŭķϵ£ҲЩ־壬һ뵽ĺӣŰ˺꣬;ͷƤ顣
ⲻܣ϶ǻֵģ֤ݵģ
κһ룬и壬̵ֲǱµģ֪ǻֵıīҲֻ֪񡣡Լĵƶ˳ҵڻǵãϴû֮һֱѻȥ㻹ԸҲ͵͵΢˽ó˹
Ϊ㣬þֱȥ㣬˭֪꣬ɽ·Уͽȥɽҵڻǵã˼һʱϵ·ˮʪȴĵĻϲ˵¶ֻǸ˶ܿҲ氮ֻϧʱţһжĿģ
ҿи˴Ϣ᷿һǻ֣Һһֱ֣ˣȻŻŵĴ˭ȴϻش𡣡
ʵΪһ£
ȻǣΪ˵Ŵӻóһö˵κһԣҲǣⲻ壬ǻֵ˽ӡ
óһöէһǸһźϸһźĵײ֣һö˽ӡ
ʵۿۣ˵ȷʵҵ˽¡
ˣÿֻҪ뵽ֿĻֵ֣ܣĸеΪĻȴǡֵ֮ޣ˽ӣûзħѾ쿪ˡ
סڣпͬΪȷ
һ󲮶ԼֶӻҪã˵û˲ֶ֪ô谮ү̫ӣ֪Ϊ˰ɣ
̫¶εɫһͷסеĲޣǵģȷʵǲģʱԽҪ򶨣ܱ¶һ֣Ȼ͸ǰûʲôˡ
̫⻰εĺ޶ѽ
ʵȴܴݣ˵ĸҪŵܵܲɣҪٲˮҺ˱ţֻܵĶӣѵ޲ǣ򫲻ӣֶŮɣҪˣ
˵ʲô
ûʵۺڵˣó֤ȴκεĻţ̫ǾĻʲô˼
ˣʵȥ͵͵㣬ǼТ̫Ҳҽ֪ѡТ̫̫ϵܣΪŭȵۣļݡ
̫ڻʵ۵ע£ε³ʵһֱңû뿪öӡ£Ҳҽ͹ȥģҼʵۻţסݣҪҪϸɾ
˳ҵĶӣ̲סĵ˺һЩŵ˵
ұ˵ǰٵ壬ҲҪ룬Ȼˣͺúùӣ˭֪Сӻʱ˵屻ˡ
Щ꣬һֱģһˣ˭֪Ȼꣿ̫Ҫˣ㵱ɻΪʲôĸʱ¡һвӭжˣ
룬ԼͻˣΪ鲻Ǻ˷ʼƽǷĻǣ
лҪ˵д


 67 

ʮ
ҵʱ, κεĿʾͶ, ȻǷùõŮСʱڹ͵͵һϲһֱʸȥٺģɹ֮ķ޸, ȥ˽, ɱǸԣûº֡
ҳ󲻿̫˼, ͬҲǱģֻҪĻڹһж
˵, ĸ, һ󾤾ҵҵԽһ, ȴݣѵĶ, ҾͲǱ˵ŮĸҲ籦İ, ղ岻ʣҪȥɢɢΣȻò, ֻ**󹬵ңվ߲⹬ˡ
̫ɪ£˵ݲͬǻʼѪһŮңѵһ
ǳأû뵽Լеʹ࣬Ҫͷϵӣƽ۰̫ȴƫģҾԲϢһףɱԼ׶Ű˺꣬Ϊ˸оⲻ磡
⻰ʮ̶ִҪˣ֮ǰһҵ˭ֱ֪ˣ֣ԭԼЩֵĶеġ
ԭӦùúܺãĽŮӳףĸͻʵ۰ţ˴ϻۿɰĳӽ򫡣
һжЦ
侲Ŀȴ¶ȣһԵķǰ͹ȥסĲݺݵ˵ˣ㺦ң
ҪүΪѽ
ˣڻ֪ڸģ ŭɶһţȴûΪߵˣֻǿţûǰ
̫̫ӣлʺѾ̫򷢸Իعرܣֻʣֳʵۣ
ֻ⼸˵УûһԸⷿš
ŷײײ˵ǳأ˵ԣҲΪ˸ȻҵĶӡ˵ߵſڣĿⶢźԺľڣЩ·ƬҽŪģšѾûˣԲ
Ҫ̫Ԥеʲô̲ס󺰡
ѾˣѾûκεĻȥһ̾뾮С
ˣˣ
еľխС˽ȥ˾ˣҲˣοһûκε
ʱѾһʬˡ
̫ʬ״ޡ
***
ֳصﱻߣǫֻŲĲУ˵أأ
Ͳӣ˵ˣѶͻطȥ
仰ѹ˽ǫǲɱֻŵĽǫʼڲԣǸӣ͵ˣñͲǸĶӣλӦҵġ
Դ̣һô᲻ĸӰ죿ǰĽǫԼ뷨ѣڷһûѹˡ
ٴˣһ̣̲סˣǰ͸˽ǫ⣬һһ˵ˣҲˣ֪ΪʲôΪǸƭӡ
ƭӣ
̫Ļĸ£
ȥʮԺûųкŨŨǫҪˣһţȻôԵҶĿ
֮һֱû˵ֳҲ֪˵ʲôǣϾӵĸײǣ

ͻȻͿֳ֪еʹࡣ
̫Ըɥ£ƵؼʣܾϯɥŪ̫ơ
˶ˣ㻹Ҫ̫ʮһ㲲ȴңȻվΪʴȣһΪԼöȥģı̽ңĸ㿴һܻˣһˮһӶϴˣʱң
ʵΪϴˢףصظ̫̹ףԼҪȥģֻһζûгɹѡ
̫Σĵ˵ǻô㣡ӡ
Ϊ׺ϱͳ㾳أ˺
ɥ°ĺܺ󣬵ȴҲܹ죬ϾûͰɥµģͣ鶼ûУƲҲˣûףֻ̫һˣ̫ӵˣʵҲû¶档
ɥ¹󣬲֪˭ģֻ˵ޣҪ̷޹һͬԾˡ
ִŷзģȴûȥֹ
ȫǹ˽ʧٵ飬ֳգٺˣȻ̹ҪԼĸףֵ̫࣬ûȥ
˺߰˷ֵƣֳԴϿʱҲӦúƯ
ڱʹĥݣɫƣǾֹţǳţ˵󣬺ºֳͣһӾϲˡ
ˣֹסˣĸס
ס֣һֻǣһֱĽ䣬˵ôｲҪҾ֣ΪʲôһֱڸֻۡǲˣֲϾˡ˵Ҳ
ҲģͰЩҵʰ׵ģֳ˵úӣ֪ĸ鶼ȥˣ԰ĵĻȥˡ
ֳҲòˣǻȥˣϾ骵ĸӣҪȥһۡ
ЩһֱңҲԵЩ㲣ǿֳʱ¶һĨЦůĲС
ֳݱˣн䣬骹߻˿ģֳ׼һӺⲵֺУһ򿪣иŷۺɫȹŮ衣
ֳȻϲģ̲סʵⲻ̩ĶҲȹ
Цҽн˸ˣŮӵľȻ¶Ÿ첲
ֳ̲סЦ骿Ҳ̲סЦǶ֮Ц;ʲôնûˡ
飬Ҳ֪һֳ֪ʱ͸Ҳʮֵĺ¡
˵űסֳֳЩİѾûˣǿ骳Ŀ⣬ҲͿ˹ȥķҪˡ
ֳϷ˵ɥ£ĸǺ죿
ĸ骵ĿȻ¸СǺ졣
ֳס˵һȥĸ
骸жֳһڣĸ֪Тģһ˵ġ
һͬȻϲֳһֱҲ࣬һ𣬳̬ģûȳҲû˵ֳ
һֱûԲӶķҲûʱ䣬ȻʵֳҲЩܵ˼֮ǰû޸骣˭֪󶵶תתģˡ
ȻҲкøУҲǺøжѣûĸ顣
˵ˣֳ骻ǺİģȻǶ㲻ȥˣȥԡʱһɿ£ΪˮĽݣ˵ģֱ˵ĲС
骼ѵ¿ˮҲϴͷʪţѾѾ߽ʹͷˣֳ˽ӣ˵
ֳ骵ȣϸĵĲͷ
ᣬǳϸģʱʱĦֳͷƤĲУɢһζҲҲЩӿ졣
Ųͷ˴骸оֳŵɫ̲סЦı˵ٵȵȺòãĸ֮󡣡
ֳһɵ˵á
骱ֱֳ֪۰ùԵĲˣ뵽ԼҪŽѹס
ֳ˯ǲӦ̫ˣ˯˹ȥ
ڶ죬ֳȥ밲һ𾪵Ϣ򫲻վҪʦسˣ˵Ѿ·ϣϾҪˣֳԤƵʱ˼¡
ûѣץס˺˵죬̫ӵȼ˵ĻҾ죬˴һ⼸Ե÷зľǣһӾת˷
ֳ˾Ϳʼţ֮ô
뻹ǲˣܲԸԼ˵ҲϾ֮ǲҲ˼飿ֳ𽪳ϲΣֻ檶ѡ
˵ı΢ĴڣǷŭǺܿ죬ͻһС
ֳôһ룬;ʮֵİȣڶ죬ȥϷ˳룬ȻŶܴݣǿϷ˵ĹľһӾܲס
䣬Ϊ˸᲻µľ
˳ţأͺͶһײˣԶԶȥǾдһĽ!
ֻ͢һ˸д֣Ǿǽ򫡣
ǰ泤Ķ飬ʵ˭ҵģֻǺȻĿһһطֱӡ
лҪ˵ֿдˡ

 68 

ʮ
ֳľ, ʶľɪ£һԵ骸ֳܵĽ, ս, ˵Ī, Ѿˡ
⻰˵ֳʱͷ, ڿѾˣʲôɾģ
ͻȻȺﴫ, ˺, ү, ô񡣡
ȻֳͿǵ˹ƺȫ, ͳ, ʱֳԼ˲ټһҩ, 翵Ҳԭɣ
򫴩ŰɵĿףߵʱƵģȴ, ֪մȾ˶Ѫ, ֮ǰ, ӵġ, ֳȻ;ãĽ򫣬ͦο, ɽ֮ĪѹͬУ˿Եֵ
Լʹýȴûǰ
Ŀⶢֳرֳ˵ķޣ˵۾ĻֳԼӦǱˡ
磬ˣ
ֳҪһһЦݣôҲû취ΥԼģʶľһһԵȴһӾסģֱ۴İ
˾棬ȻûеİվһԵҲܵˡ
˵үӦú֣ҺͳѾˣ̫͵Ļ£ǿϧʱڱ߹أȻ϶Ҫþֺһϲơ
ֻ˵ģʲôըһûվȣŸ˷޵ֳ̬ܵдТĳֻһ˲Ż飡
ôˣ
֪˭һ䣬ˡ
Ѿõ֪ͨҴҵľ͸ӽ򫣬Ķ飬ıʿһ˶һ
ǵĶԱ˵Բסˣ̫ʢ֪
ҲԸҪ˵Ĵھо׹̫ҲҪ֣ûҪֵ̫
ҽ򫲢ûжֻ֣Ǵг̶ѡ
˵үǸˣǼʶˣһҶϷһɣŵϷˣⲻǡ
ģ̬ǰѱŭˡ
ضԵЩ֣˵ʲôʲôۣ־úƺˡ
Ŵ׵˼ǰУֳҲһͬȥԭֻ½
һ·ϣ͵ҲǴɣҪѳ޸˾Խ
һǳһŵģЩ̫Լ׵飬ܵǱһ⣬ƫƫַй
ʲô˾Խ
ǺӲ˵ˣίʵֻϧм䷢һЩ飬֪Ȣ㸸ҡʱͣ£ǼְֳĻ¶˵ˡȻ󵭵˵һ䣬·Ӧǽӵˣ㸸Ծˡ
ȫĵģͷ˵֪ˡ
ʵۻڹŽ򫣬ĸڳſڰݱ𣬽ż죬к˵ȥ˹
ٹٶˣʮ¡ص׷ʽʵԸܷ⣬Դ˿ΪһƷ󽫾
ЩԳŪˣ̲סǰģΪĸʲãʵ۵ҲûȾơ
ֻ˸˵ڰʱ򣬽ȴܵ
˿ʼ˵ǲǹѪˣʣȻҲݣֻλĻʵۣƺ׽飬꣬ľûϳԼĸ
Ƕʹࡣ
Ͻ˺ԼԺһӵĲˡ
ñط꣬ǲ໰Ҫ˵ǵ˸ǰ־ʲôҪˡ
Թ˷ĸŽȥ棬ԺֻʣͽĸϣļҹЩ̫ոɽ⻹ûʧǺͮͮϦ
ӳԶ¥һһ
վ̲סʵ㱻ߵʱ㸸ˣ
ϣǡ
ᣬ˵Ϊʲôｲ
ϾҵȻˣֻ֮
ΪʲôĮԭ򣿼ʹѶҲǵģνӡ
̲ס˸ɷ򡣡
ôģ
кܶ汾ǲʵģ֪϶ûô򵥣Ȼ֪
˵꣬ȴص˵๼
Ŷӣޱ̬ûаǰĻϲеĴܱԭ¡
ɡ
ӷ飬ԾֳļˣȻҪӢˡ
˵ҪһƬ⣬Ҳˣ֮Ҳ쿪ʤҲЩοһתۣ˵Ҫ̷棬ϹȥʱѾ䷢Ϊˡ
ΣԵ޷֣ٸҸõġ
¶һĨЦ˵ˣǾú޷ɣվ£ʥˡ
ȻϲӢΪ˵Ȼ뿪Ҫأ˺ţͲûˡֵ˵ιͳҲֿѣһЩ
򫣬ȴڿˡ

ĸ׵𣬻صԼԺѾʹɨɾӣ죬ȣһ
͸ıˮϣδ
ԡϴȻϴ׼˯һ;ʲôȥץһöѾʧԭɫҡ
ԡ֮ǰְҶ˴ϡ
ݺݵİҶ˳ȥȻתʼ˯
ҹɫ洫紵Ҷɳɳ˯˲һӵĽȻ˹ſտյܣʶľؿڡҲˣŽ˴ڵҡ
ֱϤָУг֣Űˡ
ңӴǶģӣʧǣͺʧȥһֿ
ֳˣǺǸ骣͹ʲôֳҲ
ӺҪըˣǱѹһʹ޷
ֳﲻƽȻ򫱻ˣǵʱǸĿ⣬ԾǲšοԼѾףѵҪˣҽǲôġ
ôһ;ðˡ
˴ֳأ˵Ī£ѵҪɣ
ֳЦ˽骵ĻҲıһ컵սӿ˳ֳЩš
ʱͻȻƿһӴǵ˽
ֳһһ磿ô
ʶľͻסֳ˵֣ҪãҪȵգҹģˡ
ȴΪӣҪȥ
Ц㻹Ҫ֮޲ɣﵽ׻û˵źˣѽ
骵˵磬ǸۡⶼǱʿ㣬ô£
лҪ˵᲻мӸҲ֪ Ӹ̫ˡ

 69 

ʮ
骴, û뵽ȻָʹʿΧסûбµּ, ¶ֱӸ浽ʵǰ棬˵ͼıˡ
Ƿˣ
ôϲֳ
, Ҫ֣ΪεͲֱȢˣαҪҴţֻΪûӣ
, Զñʿ, ۾֮Żû»£Ͻ߰ɡֳͼᣬҪ˵򫡣
ȴĶֳ, һɿİ£Ҫ֮ǰҪ, ϸ, ԵԽĹĹĵ, 뿪¶֬һļ, ֱ
һ뵽ղֳһ͡;ϢҪˡ
һȥҾͳҪǲȻ, ɱһҡ
磬˵ʲôֱֳֽβһӾͱˣ˵ۡˣ˵Ҳмˣ˵ɱɱˣҲѰ˼ҡֳȻ˵ˣΪ˽Ŀ⡣
ѪĿ֪սԸĳ
ôϵλģԭʵ۲ڼ䣬Խ̫Ӳо͸¶˽λúͱҪ赶ɱˣֻǽȻǳصģӮԽֱ֮ӴŽصǣɱ̫Ӻ̫λӣһ·̤ѪǸλá
һССʲôǣ
֪ҸҲҡ򫳯ֱֳ͵һжûߡ㲻ԸһȥֻΪϲǣ˵γ彣ǽĦҹҽվɱҲûκˡ
һֱûߣ֮ľֱţγ̲ס޵ү㲻ɱҸ硣Ȼֳ˵ɩӣȸүȥɡ
һ뵽滹ʿΧڽĴ约µĲС
ȴվıֱ˵ܸȥҾҲͬ⡣죬Цŭ骣ѵ¶µɫ
еŭ𼸺ԿƣֳûΣͿ骵ͷһء
ŵ̲סУ
ɫҲ˼ֳ֣ҲǾδջ׹һ骾ˣֳһֱ֪պܺãϾߺ޲øõƷʣԣܡ
Ҹߣ
Ȼǲϣ Уӣ㲻ܸȥ
ֳȴǰοﲻǻĸġ
ֳҲŽȲıסֳ
ֳĹǺҧ˽һڣʹȥҧгݵ˵᲻骣Ҫ
ֳѾû취ίˣΪǳ˺ˣڽ֪ѾףȣѾûκεˣ˵ʲôû˼
ŵŻص϶νġ
һ·޻ֳֻڻҲûĶֳҲˣĿЪϢ
һߣֳŽߺΧıʿҲˣֻһӶŵˡ
˾δڵ̫ʦϣڲˮŰҪĸѹȥȻɫɥ˵ǽΪҪִ治飿
ľɥУסԼӣʲôɷǰĲڳϣƾ٣λҲпޣֻҪ־УֻеֶΣǿǰ棬ʲôǡ
ֳǶô壿
뵽Щ;ʹĲУ飬Żعֻ⻰֪ô˵Ϊ˵ֳѲ˸ϵĸָ˵УǸŮӣǲӡ
õʱ˵үǶɩ˽顣ȻͰԼĶ˵ˡ
üԵϣ˵׻˵Ӭ޷쵰ģһĹ㣬Լıһµլ˶֪Զñʿ
¶ɫȴҲûзϵĻ
ʲôϵ
һԵϺү˵һ乫˵ʲôĶϱ˱ȴߣ
ȴǵҪйģ磬ӦõԾʾײǡ
죬һȥ骵ĸ磬ӵĻԼԽĲ񻰣Ͻ̲ͣסӺ
ȻȥǣҹıΧͷһأŻˡ
Ŀ˵ɩɩҪظĵ£ŲӦմ뷿ǣɩɩǲǻȥһ˶ӣŮӣǰǰ̰壿
ⲻǡϻҪ˵ȴǱĿסˣôȢֳģȻҲʮֵĿУȻҲỹףű졣
үĪҪ˵ˣȻǼңǾһˣ裬ͲӦͷﳳֵģﷴֻᱻ˳ЦϺү˵ҴǲǾͿأһУҾϳȥ״ȥ
·ϵҲƽһڵϤֳ֮󣬾͵Ҫĸ
ȴ˯ˣȥ밲ɡ˵סֳֳ֣Ū
ֳˣĸǳ
ܴ󣬹Ȼ;͸Ƭ̣ʹ˸˹Ȼ˯ѣͷɢţһӡ
ȵĺȻĿֳͣͽ򫽻յĵطǣ
ֳĸӿˣĸҹģΧҪҸŻظ
ֱţֳ֪Բſڿӵˣô**ʮˡ
򫣬ſ
ҲûκεĽͣ⻰ȴ˵ţҵġ
»ʲô׵ģĸλʢǰʹ˶һȭȻȥקֳ֣˵ſôĻˣ
ֳȴԽϷſ
Ҫʲô˺üȭ֣۶ӣǿֳ޵Ҳۣ򫣬Ļȷſлú˵òãǣԺ󴫳ȥôˣôҪѽ
骺ǣֲ
˵⻰Ҳ̲ס̧־ʹ˽һ⣬ҹر
ЩŵĿԼ֡
лҪ˵һɡ
ٴ£䣬ϲ骵ֽ¡

 70 

ʮ
һŵס, һҲҿ
һʮֵѹ, һһ˵, , ûк, Ҫ˳
ԭЩڣòô, ⻰, ûסȵڶΣ׿ס˵Ѿˣ
Ǿͺ룡
Žǿ, Ȼ, ˵ԳȻһ, ȴ򶨲ȻԳ˼Ϊʲô˵, ڶˣѳͻȥ
, ҹűȥΧ, ɲΪٰͻȥġֵ, һҾ빬´ͻ顣
ĲҪι, ֻԼʹǷԸ⣿
ȥֳΪ޹۾ģΪֻĿ⣬ʱ̼ͬǵǰĿᡣȴģ͸һɽľĺ⡣
磬Ҫң
ȻͲֱֳţеأǰ˵һȥúһ룬ȴˡǽͻȻ⣬æסֳ֣ͷ˵úӣĸߣĸġ
վԭأ˵ıӰһԵ̴ʵҪȥЪϢЩΧıʿŴ
غãһ֮ǰ˭Ҳܳ롣

Ŀߣ˵ұҪ빬
***
ֳԺӣѾ˴ˮֳϴѹֳϣοСʱЩŹ֣ЩҲšĪҪţⲻǻȥ˵һҾ˿ҵıϣҲЪȥ
ֳҲ֪õİ취ˣлĸˡֳĸмƽô籦󽪳򫣬ģֳһ̣Ϊϧ˽һ⣬ɼеķ
˲ᣬǳǰѽȻģĸҲ̻ϾҲĸųĲǣ
ֳȦĸ
ο˵ǰ裬һȥЪţʲôҪ룬ϾͶˡ
˰ҹֳʵǺۣ뵽Ҳ˯ţ۾ǽݣⷬ춯أһ֧ô룿
ܻȥҲأ¡ҵ˼Уֳ˯˹ȥ
ֳڶ˯ź־;ĵ˳ȥصݣվڴ·ڵƹ΢ԵĿҲģ壬˵ѹָС

Ťͷȥ֣ʵ˯ˣ
ǣС˯ˡȻֳˣǱСݣĽзǳ׽ҲЪɣ̫ˡ
ȴ̾˵ʧȥǣ
үǡҪ潪⣬ǷҲκεɣѵˣ͸ɲ¶
˵ȻϵڳΪʲôҽ
ү͸ιﶩѽѵҪ˱СΪ檣˵;òףǻѾ˵ȥˣҲջأΪԲ£ֵСô檣˵үãСȻʧ˸ĸҲ￴ųģ˵Ź壬Ҹһȵ˼ҵĸǴ´˲ǣ
֮ǰôȻѾˣǾûκεˡ̾һʰһ£Ҫ빬ʥ

¿϶𷣳򫣬˵ͬó롣˵ͣ£Ŀ˵꣬ɬ˵ңȴȫںϣ²С
˵үǻ빬飿
ͷ⻰û˵ͿҴҵ˽ٵ˵ҶүѾ빬ȥˡȻֵұųȥƣʿ˵үԸˣ˭룡
һӾԱߵϣŰֵΪ̫ףҪʲô
ϣһϴ˳׼빬״۾ͨ죬Ȼû˯ãһҪţЩԥףԵһȣ
Ǻ⣿˶赽ͷˣ
骵ȻʲȥԼȻ޲Ͼȥֳһֵ裬һҲðҲǻͷ˵ͰͻˣʱȥҪֵ˾֪Ժھˣ
ֳҲЩģϾҪִ֣˵ҲеԥһԺɷһе˵Ҫǰģǳ飿ǽҲǷӣôͲȥ߱Ĺ㣬ƫƫǵã
ˣ㵹ûꣿүĺ
ϱ˱죬˵ӵĺ棬ͲţЩûкһ뷨ģֻǰûֱ˵
骵Ȼֳ֪ͽ˽飬ںҪںҲĻӭȢοֳͺͽϵ
ɩɩŮҪɩɩԣȻݹҲˡ
ϼɫѿĿɲŵľס졣
骵Ļãһֻǵȵɫ΢ôκεϢ骣˵빬ʺҲ֪أʾˡ
Ѿ˹ˣлʵƣκʱ򶼿빬ֻΪʵ˯˵Եȣ˼ʱ
ʵ۸˯Ѿ˵棬вǸûзִˣ϶ǳˣɡ
ңŮڵϸʵ۴ЬʵһԵĴϣΪ˯ѣԵþ񲻼á
¡򫿴ʵ۾ֱӹ˵ϡ
ûʵ۴ΪԾ˵ʲô£
ԥ£ʵۻ⣬˻˵£û޵ĻҪ
ֻʣˣŰǰ˵ˣ²΢ʹͣ΢ֻѴŮ͸΢
ʵĺݺӣ˵Ϳѽ
ĬĬĹţۻʵηŭҲģʵĸۣԼȻһ㶼뽵
ʵ֪ԼԽƫеĹҴϻۣжԼĺе㱵ľãĺӣǳصĺӡ
ûзֿӦĶӣ
ӽ۾ʵۿŨҵԿƵĸ飬ǵľôƣ
骼ʵ۵ʱѾǳʱˣʵĻ˵ԶȻҪ
᲻صģЩǣҪ˵ʵ˵Ĵӣһ˲ţй
óԲ׼ʵ۵˼С޶ۣǸ
ʵ۵˵ʼ/浽̣ºͣΪҳ⺢ӵҲ飬ⲮΣ
лҪ˵Ǹʵǿģ˳ˣ

 71 

ʮһ
ûº͵, ܵһλûа׳ԵͣʵȻб˼, С޶, ܵ˴ֵʲôԸ, ֻܷԸˣ΢һɡ
ʵĵͷ, ˵, ˵ֹס
һӾ˻ʵ۵˼, ǻʵҪһλֳ, ϿǼˣأ
ǲģǾºױ֪Ժ󴫳ȥ϶ᳰЦǿϱǰˡ
ǻʵ۶˿ڡǾûˣǼҽҲûŵͥˣڳ͢Ѿʽ΢ˣû취ĽȣʵۿֹҲϣǿʵ˼ǽñǰ, ȴȥƽϣȴ潪򫰲ź顣
ֳףͲǶ֮ˡ
ĸۣҲֻ֪ˣ£ű֪Ҫ˳ŪǲܣԻʵŽģҲԸûʵ۲ˡ
ԥʱͻȻ£ҺӵĻ̫ͻ飬лԼǰ֮˵
ʵͻȻ˵ĵҲǡ֮ȥȴû˵˻ȥĻ
ʵ۷ŭǿ־壬ͷðϸܵĺֻʣˣ˵ɵӣ㲻Ҫˡ
ɫʮֵѿ⹬ɲֻбǻ̫¾̫͵Ļ鲻ǣ
ȻҲߣε˵̫šĹ£Ȼʾ骣˼ܡ
骳Ĭ֪˼ŽղӦͲǳȥȻ֪ûνĹֻǿȨû뵽ʵ۾Ȼ̻زñǿ֮ޣı۾֪Ҫʰ̯ӡ
ûһһ㣬骿ȨƣԼһ׶ʵۻô׵ı
***
ֳ͸оЩԾѾǶܰȻ˲õԤУϴϣ緹ʵֳûʲôθڣͺ࣬һȥϾ˵Ҫߡ
ݲ֪ͲˣҽҲһԣһҩ˯˹ȥҽֳҲʶǶҽ˵ŭģҿбҩ´βþġ
ֳȥ˯ţɫ԰ףȻò˫˯˵ľȻ
С㡣
ֳŵֹ߳ţ˵үҹ빬ˣһ˱ʿΧĹǺֱιȥˣ
ô˸˵һ
˵Сò˯ˣūŻǲҪ߶űСˡֵЩʿȻ˳룬֪ˣȥҽ
ֳʵ֪Ϊʲôû֪ͨܲסΧ飬ʱĲ顣
ʵڻʲô·
Ȼ֪빬Ľʵԭ˵ʵ۶Խ򫼸ӦĵزõģϾȻţǺͽȣѷɫ࣬Ϊֻͬ顣
ģһһҹû˯۾ﲼѪ˿֮ȴ¶ɵɫȻóԸ
Ǻ顣
ֳ򫶪ǰֽţдĿֺ飬£骵£ǩ
磬ĸΪŭιȥˡ
򫿴ֳоȻмڴ˵ǳףͻ
ֳһһ˵Ҳ޸㡣
ֳͼҳ飬ȴ־ЩãȻ
Һ㡣ֳ˵
ֳط֮ͿЦݣеĶǸȻôֱ˵ؿģǰɲô˵ģЩֺҵֶأôˣ漴¶ɫͲɱ㡣
֮ǰһûİգˡֳڽǰ棬óͷڳذ
ֳ㲻ҪΪҲҡ
ذ׾䣬ҲͶ֮ĶԹҲɢֳ֪˸飬ķҲί檵ĳ̶ȶѣ֮ǰΪҹҹȥּȷţѾˡ
лҪ˵ܹؼһת۵㣬˺üΣǲ⣬Ǳޣֻдزˡ

 72 

ʮ
˵ֳ˽Ҳ, ҲãȷʵҪΪʲôزһֱȵڡ
ڽѺ鶪֮ǰûʮֵİ, , ȴˡ
ɱ, ߷ҡ
۾ðŻǻ漸ҪֳҪһͬȼ, ϵذȻֳĸǰ, ذ׻ǵֳõģǵе׶ô, ˵ֻҪ΢ͿжֳĲ
ֱֳӱ۾, һɽ׸ӡ
Ŀĵѹ˲, ȴ춼ûжֳʵǵȲȥ۾, ߵĵĽ, ˵үôµӰɣȻס˽ץذ֣ѹ
ɫ䣬ʶͰ, ˵ֳиǳǳ˿ڣðѪĲĿ
ֳ㵱ǲˣ
ǡ
ͫȻܲˣѹؿڣϬָΪޣԺ٣һֱ׷ģ
⵱ȻԭҪģֳҪģմʱ򣬾ͱ׽飬ΨһͷĶκƭȥں漱ٵļˣҲΪ˱ܿ򫡣
˵ˣе鶼Ϊʰ׽̯ӵʱֳ¾ͲͽκεĹϸ𣬿Ž̬֡ԭѾ֪ˣʵ˶Ϸֻֻ߽Ǿö档
һԽķŭˣ˵ϡ
ֳĿۿɼı䣬ܵ¶ͻȻ£죬ֳȢΪ޻
Ҽ޹ˣõķֳ骵ʱΪھΣϵԽԵᣬ̬Ҳ͵ġ
ڽȴһּΪ̵̬ϤĸоϮʲôѹؿڣԺҪϢˡ
Ҵˣһɱ
ֳŵһ£Ը۵˾骣ʱͲ˵ˡ
ֳӣȴԽܣͻȻһǰĳѵ𶯵˵ġ
ֳɫף½򫣬ߵ˹òáүֻƾԼϲûʹ˵뷨ԸԸ⣿һ֪ҲᴳżˣİһˣתͷҪϲصļ޸㣿ҪֻŮӣ
򫶨Ŀֳһرǲϵ˿ڣȻĴĿڻǵּҪʧȥĿ־壬˵ԸڲȢ㣬Ҳ޸ˣ߻صȥ
Žߺֳ̱ڵϣ֪ǶĶˡ
ʱǮֵ֣ѾߺӶصֳͬļױ˵ߵһ֣ͷžûиһЦģ¹Ķ˼ױӾˡ
Ǯֳּ˵֮ǰүø˵Թ㣬úõģҪ
ֳ˲ᣬԲĿ¾ˣֳѹǮֵҲûʲôѹģȻ˺飬ǱһⲮϮģүԺ⾩оͲһˣʹҲԸλ޽ǹ
ֳͲ³ʵۻʹȻĵһλҲһֲˡ
ԺôѽǮ̲ס˳
ֳãǮ֪ҪȢ˵ĲУŲܽαд˺飬ӵĶϱλ˲٣ֶΪ
ˡ
ֳǰҪˣֻΪҪ˱ӻŮӸûл·ټϱ򫲽ƣڲһˣѾǳɹ׵ĸˣƾԾɣҲκεĸˣ뷴һ¡
ǮֲĿֳ
ŮԼӪʣµʱչĸֳһ˵ȻẦ£ѾǸˣ޹ˣȫԹڵ
ֳܿʰ飬ȥչѾˣ֪õ˺飬ֳļױҲ˻ĸۣ̲סֳѽһ٣˶˵Ҳˡ
ĲʱʱȻ˲ٴֳ̼ŲУʼڰҩǶһöһ꣬ԭģۿɼľͺ
ȥһ㶼ڣոմʤ̻ʵúϢȻҪΪԶñʿٺ꣬ڼұ˼һ¡
˵ر΢ĳͷˣ˶óʵ۶Խƫ
ʱ򽪳ݣһֱʱһԲ˵һ仰ĿⲻͶֳ
ҲǹˣһʼýֱˣʹлϲҲĵ
ϾԼĶӣԼĹ̲סţʵ̫ۡ᲻εĳȫǣ
Ȼȴ¶һ֣ԽһֱģȻͷϣǶֳȴʮֵĺɫԼڽһׯӸֳһֲֳյʱ򣬵ĸǸ˽ˣֻԼùһ㣬ЩҾͻһ㡣
ֳεˡ
Ϊֳţ˴ŻȥԺӵ·϶վ·ڵ
ֳֻûпԹԼģ͸ں档
һ֮Ǯ־ͿֲͬѰĶֳ˵үǲǶԹ
ǻ֮ˣҪԵŮӣܲסԾˣΪΪ˼ɣ֣Ͳ£
ǮֳĬֳ˵ĺܶԣҪ˾ֳ飬ԾˣҲǹΪСû˸ĸɫӣĳӲܿȥ˵ǣĸūҲ۲үʵǲ׵
ʵֳ骣ˣ֪Ƣƹ骵ġֳ֪޿κΣǶ骾Ͳһˡ
ֻԼǿţȹӣͷȥȥҲ١
Ĳĺܿ죬ֳҲͰ˼˿ϣ׼ڶҷֵ꣬ǾֳԤϵҲ֪˭ȥģ˵ֳƷвˣүǰּ޸骣ŪҼȮǻʵ۳ŰƽϢ
ЩӵϴСѾľ߼Ժ󵱼ҵĳˣ£ǾѰ죬⼸նȥˡֵǶ濪һһݵ̣֬ĶһģһǮȴɡ
ֳ֪֬ĹЧģһݵˮλܺȣѧƤҲѧ裬Щǵġ
ɼ۸񡣡
СΪֳήۣȻҪۣȴֳǴݣʱģֳȻ˼꣬Īŷ
лҪ˵Ҫ׷֮·

 73 

ʮ
ӹ֮, 骾ͰԼ, Ȱ, Ϊ, ˵ŭ˱£ǺҲûкӹ, Ҳ֮١
ǲͬ, ǼܲסԺϵǩֵ骣骵, ˽Ըȥ
骻ǲ˵۾ڴϣѾʳ˺ü, Ҳۣ˵, һ, ˵ǰ㣬ڳְ, ǰ֮ǰҲҪ£Ҳڱ˰ڲزǣ
Ӷˣ㻹˵Щʲô
һʱ벻, ֳˣǺײŻ׵ġ
˵, ԼûбסԼӡڿ˵¶޲ɫ
Ҷ
û¡¶һĨҵЦ˵Ҷˡ
˺Ǿϲæ˷ʳ骺üûԣͻȻ˵壬һЩÿ˻֮ġ
骺һ࣬δĳһˣɫѪɫ
˼ڸҸõģ˾λѾüʹˡ
骵ɫһ䣬˰ãλôģû˭ģ͸޲ˣȻ
ҶҪǲϲλ
ϲôϲ˵Ҫˡ
˻ȥˣǲģҲ֪˵ʲôһҪε˳ȥ
վԺܾտĲڡ
ԡϴѾͳȥͬߵһ̫۵Ժͣȥš
߳һװֵ߰С骶ʱ͸ӣϴҵСӳĿɴˣҪҪƣ
ԭɫǿСѾͷЦԾصĸЦʵۣʦڣ
أһֱڣҲ֪ϲĵһд궼ͷ۱Թţߡ
ԭĺլӣֻǺ֪
ĺڻͼ骽ͷҲ̧˵һҪ̵ʲôʱ򡣡
骽Ӳվס˵Ҳġ
ĺ̾һָһԵ˵ɡ
͵һˮȻ˵ҪʲôҶְ֪ɣ͸˵ֳûзԵ֡
֣
Ȳ衣
骺һڲˮɬĲУײסû³һԵĺЦе˵ס
һǲˮȥȻ
ĺ裬аɣſɬǻζȻֵͬ쳾Ʒ绪ߣȴᣬֻҪѳܿ͸
֣ҪҳҲɣ骿ЦΪʲôңֲǺ
ͷԵҪسɴ
ʵ֪ĺ˼ȻΪֳң룬ȴżȻģÿж𷨣ܵһǰΪĹУԶĵطһӾˡ
ķ
뵽ʵ۹鷿춼ȥԵĸǺµɪɪȻдĺ֣;ǿҵĲʡ
ô
᲻ǿֻ߹˼ǵĻѶˣһ뵽Щ;ʲô˺ġ
Ҫʲô
ͷҲصˣĺ̲סص̾һһԵ۱һֻʴʵʦˣ
šĺߣ˵ôȥϾͿԳˡ
ʦҪۼϾҪˡ
ĺ̲סҡͷ۵ͷ˵ʲôʱܳʦǶ棿档
ľ죬ͳˣѾˣ
ޣ㿴ʲô
ʦĦʱҲһԣҿǿСͻȻǿͻȻֵķǵԽˡ
ʦȻûˣ֡ĺϲЦ˵Ժʦλþ㡣
ʦûйŮ֤
㿴ǿŷǿɲѰġһܲܳλãͿˡ
վԭأգգ۾Ϊǿŷ𣿡
ĺԾ죬۽ЦЦ̲ס˵СѾͷԭһֱװͿأ
***
˲ˣ̫ӻԵȤȱȱ÷ʱźŵĹŮ
̫˽ŹŮ϶һӸ£ôô󣿡
̫ӿŰŨӸɫһЩһڣ֮ñԳˬڡ
ų꣬ھӸɢеĻ˵ʵǲʵôģ׽ʲôãôñǰȴƫƫˣΪ˸ʰ̯ӣȻûд˺顣
̫֪Ѿ˶ֱԹȰֵЩ̫ˡ
̫ЦɲǣȻһ㶼ܻ䣬Ƕ֪ˡ˵ȻԽԽߣǲԺλҲҪøǸ֣
ʱ򣬹Ů˵̫ү
ôˣ
̫ղ£̫ΪõˣŲʱȻȻ顣
뵽
̫Ѿȥãиӱֶվڴڣ̬ͼΪѣʮ졣
̫ӣ
һͷ̫Ӿ;ȵĺ骣
***
ֳ֮˵ҪȥȥӢ飬Ҫúϰ𷨣в֪ģֳҪܿ򫣬ǵֳҲãȥɢɢ
ļңʲôʱҪǵáηֳһչˣڼϽ飬ԽǾֳģһ̫ͬ࣬Ѿ˸顣
ĸҲҪء
Ҫֳһֱ͵Ӣеһſڵţֳ˵ӭȥӢ޷һˣԺͲˣֳԸͽ˵һ·϶û˵ֲǣĵʵ󽫾Ҳˡ
Ͼ֣ǽȥģֺ޲ýȲ裬Ҳ֪׵Ž˵ģһúչ˱Сġ
մһѰ׺ۣѥʮֵӢˬΪϹսʹ˵˵ķ
ͷӦֻĿȴһֱֳ
ֻ⣬˵ү»лԱС˵ɣȥ᷿ʰû
ֵĻû˵걻ֳϣûʲô˵ģ·
ֿɫʱѿĽ򫣬ȥһĮȻֳεЦЦ˵ǱʹűСȥɡ
ֻ·ȴǾâڱ̲סعͷһĿĿǣŵһ£ϣʮڣžѹˡ
лҪ˵骲ڻģǺڻϱ˶˵дǹͯһдķ֣o(st)oԳ˶ˣԼĺù

 74 

ʮ
Ӣֳ˵Ĳ, ˵ôˣȻ˳סֵĿ⿴˿, ɽϣ, ᷿ĴͿԿС, ӢȻͿ򫡣
ԭЩ, ΪһֱĽԼ鷳Ͼ˵Ѿʤˣֳ, ȻͲˣΪΣ
ҹɢɢġֳ͵, Һ骺ˡ
Ӣ㵵Ŵ, , ڽ⣬Ȼǲ֪Щ飬һŵΪү
ֳû˵, Ӣ͵Ĭˣ, ǰԵ, ѵͲĴһԺھ㣿
ӢԭǸ֮Ůӣ, ȥ򫣬ͺ޲ǰŭһˡ
ֳӢͽִ˵ˣ˵ҲûˣҪ߶ˣҪһŮסһˡ
ֻסţҿˣһϲءӢֳ˫ϵ˵ʲôŮõģЩ฾˵ʲôлˣϴ㲻˵ҪҴµ֬
УӢҲһױȻûͷȴҲǵסĹʡ
ˡ
ǣȥã޼ӡ
쳤˲ӣ￴ȴʲôվԭأֱסֳҪҪˮźˡ
ֳŸӢ֬Ӣȴʱʱĳȥľͷһվ׮޿κεˣ̲סˬţһˣԺܵġ
ֳзµɫţɫɫ֣ҪֶʵãӢɫ֬ҪͿȥ˻ˣ
˵˵ЦЦģʱ䵹ǹĺܿ죬ĵ㣬ԵȻիӷײˣӢ¶һĿ飬һһųԡ
ֳ֮ǰպȹʣһγԶӷҲͦʵģӢԵĺ㡣
ȥԺɢոң˳ѶµĺˮһСŲ֪ɫҰ
ֳ뿪ˣ󼦵ӢӢ̲סЦ£˼ԣȻҲúζ
ȥɢģʱ򻹻ãȥĿɽ
գˣվſڣס͵ŶΪѵ˵ֹ˵Ҫ𣬲ˡ
ɫͺ˼֣סֺǺ£һ˵Ҫȥʣ
ˡ
סֲվţҪǽŭ̫ˣ˭֪Ǹİ˵ֹӺйأһֹ֪Ϊ˶㽪򫡣
߶
ǽʵദѹ˱ѹסֶסȻȴСȥͱˮ
＾ϻʱļҪȣֻɽϷ󣬵ҲȳһЩ
һȹˣȴȻȥеýꡣ
֣
عͷȥ˴ű˾质˾Խĸ磬ȻܾϲЦǽ֣ܻףҵô󽫾Янգ质лˡ
˾质һ佫ͬʮֵԲЩֶΣھԵ
˵ͷȻԸӦ
˾质ȴ⣬ָ򫺮˼䣬ʱ֨ѽһִˣӢڴõĻɫӣȫװ磬ؾ˳Ȼܺװ磬ǽע⵽˾质۾Ͼˡ
Ӣû뵽Ȼڣ֮ǰֱֳֳܾˣŰսƢ͸ϴһûþˣ˭֪Ȼ
˾质ߵӢǰǱһľ룬һ֪ģιϴβ˵ҪѣҽŪһӹ
Ӣñˣⶫ
ȻѺóԣΪ·;ңԶױ棬Ūһʵǲףɼ˾质ˡ
Ӣл˾质˵һ»ȥ
˾质Ӣȥ֮ǰЦݣ̵ģĿĲУһͷȴǿŭĿһӾͽסˣȻӢδǽ򫡣
ȻҪ̫ˣֻҪӢԡ
˾质Ͼͽ͵֣Ҳ֪ҺιǱףüиְһЩѹϴιĸĵʱĸˣ˵һŮӣĵطҲǲס
⻰˵ĵҲûʮֵ⵱ȻڣԸⱣĳЩϵĺƽ
˻ԲǣĿ䣬˾质õԤȻ˵ϲι
˾质Ц֪ˣûҽģε˵֣ڶһŮʮҪ벻Ҫԣҽֻȶѡ˾质ĸ׺Ӣĸ沵áʵӢ˾质ĸǱߵݡ
ϵǺԶˣ˶ôϹϵܵ
ȻȥڵףףҾȥμңϾΪҲŽģȻˣǻҪǡ
˾质ˣ֪˵ʲôֹһӢûж׸ǶãԸˣǽ򫲻Ϸأ
˾质ЩԾĶӢ飬ղ˼棬ȴòУһ仰ûС
еĴ̲ס˵֣Ϊ˼ֹȻ˾质ɫ˼֡
лҪ˵

 75 

ʮ
˾质ԭԽ˾, Ӧ˵־, ЩĹٲͬ, Щٸӿصһ˵ʵսû˵, ˾ԽĻս
ֻ˱Ƚ, Ƣ׽, ܺ׽, ˾质ǰ룬ȴЩĶ
Ȼ⽪ΪʲôڵӢѰֳЩ˼, ˵Ǻ¡
, о仰֪òý
Ǿͱ죡
˾质ʱͱҭסˣһŻ, ǽ, Ҿ͸ˡֻתӵЩģǶôõһԽӽĻ᣿һһһγͰѺ˸ˣԺǲˣȥ򫣬ɫõվ, ǰģ, һսʤҲˣҲӳ, ˼ֳӵļģǲ֪Ϊʲô˾质ȻӵĽ򫣬ǱӰȻ͸į
˾质˻ڽǰ˵֣Ůӻϲǲַʽ˵ˡ
ֳܿѾ̧һѣϺɫѣһ解ɫֱ˴Ρ
ӢѾ߷һ͵סָǰȥϴһʣµǷŵؽﴢǻˡ
ѣ֪ԹûС
ֳȥ곢ǹʹġΪ飬̫һֱã֮ǰһ󣬻ʵȥźҲãϾԼ谮СӣˣԽܡ
ˣֻǾȷʵǰԽİ˼ϣˣʱ͸ʽӣĹϹϵ㽺ѫ֮ʹȥǽȴǾĵġ
ȷʵǺóԣĲУֳӢ˾ȻһԹˣſտҲӣӣ̲סһЦ
ʵ˷٣ŴŮַſڣһССûʲôҪҲ׷֡
ȻֳΪǹիټ٣СһȦ
˳ô࣬ͷһˡ
ֳ˵ͨѵã˭ģҸղŴҾҵ˾质
Ǳ硣
磿΢дһЩʣӢˣ质ĸҶĸ沵á
ֳԭ˵һ˵Ӣˣʲô׵ģԭЩ˾质֮㣬ͻõӢķ
ʵӢĳò˵˾质ΪڵģΪȻйְȴǼ̳оλˡ
ԹŶǱ顣ֳЦ˵
ӢĴֳ˵֪Цҡ
Цһֳʵ˾ôģ
ҪˣֳҲʣܾӢߵ죬ΪĽ룬ȻԭӢͽһԡ
ӢֳϵȻͬˣҲû˵Ҳǡһʼңʲôʱףȴ˵һҪ𣬽ҲûˣΨ质ÿζϲĶ
ǻѼ飿
ֳȻϣӢĺã˾质;ҲȻûжٽʣȴҲȵġ
׼ߣϾճ˲ѣҪʳȻˣõţͿȻһֱſڡ
֮ǰվ·ڣһĿȻȴ£סȻǿԱ߻ŲˮϹһ˾Ȼһе̬
ֳӢĿתĿֳʵֳΪβ
ֳֻûߡ
Ӣֻͬâڱûסعͷ۽򫣬Ŀ˱Űģŵһ£Ͼͻعͷ̲ס˵үǽ˺£ҿǻȡˣȻնǻٻꡣ
ֳӢԶˣֱӰϵĲ豭ˤˣŭ˵ȥ
ֳӢߵ·ڣͿż̴ӣˣǶ̫󣬽ֳԳ
ȴֻûͷҲصˡ
ӢӹѾߵݹӣ˲µ˵үĺˡ
ֳȥ
ֳѾͽ˺ˣͲǰΨΨŵŵֺʱˣҪǺ˵˵Щ˦ӣȴøӷŭˡ
˭
лҪ˵

       76 

      ĹŮ̫ǣ ޵·Ҵ ǰѾζŻκŴؾ Դ֮ ̫ѻЦݣ ǰջһ˺ͷĹŮѵһ٣ ֱӸϳ˴
      ̫ȻûλŮ ǴӴϳȥ ֲԶ ˴ԽĽС΢ˡ
      ʵ̫ˣ ˴ԽӣǧĹŹ ڴ޽ ӡ
      ̫ԸţÿնҪȥΰݣҲ˶ѡ
      ʵۺǳ Ҳ޿κΣ ;ʱ̫̽ ̫Ҳǳΰݣ ں͵͵Ŀޣ ̫ڹʲôûǲͷһԵ̫˵ʲôˣ ϳȥ
      ĸҡ
      ̫һƣ̲ס˵㣿
      ***
      ֳסһͻȥˣ֮ǰԱլҲɵĲ࣬ÿסȥҲ֪ΪҲ޿κΣûֳҲ֮֮ˡ
      լӲҲһһԺӣֳһסǴ´ˣרŪ๤רо֬
      С⼸ռĶ˺üȦԭΪԱůθߵģһģݸݵģֳᵽҵĹǣ˵Ǻã
      ֳӰȥҲһµʱ䣬ǺܳǶһǧɵСԣȴʹһʱڡ
      ˵ˣٵȵȾͺˡ
      СŶǼҵһպùһգʵܣȻΪܵĲЩǡòǵʽ֮ǰЩͬȴȫȻһˡ֮ǰڵģǳ׷ſˣСü춼ûԷ
      ֳЩ죬ŴȻûаȨһ˵ĳͺѿˣᱻͬų⣬ǺͷˣȻʲôɽȻôš
      С˵˾ĴСҲûʳ
      ֳͷ˵СŲң
      СֳȻǼΪݵģæʧĵͷ
      ۸һ
      С
      ֻȥǡ
      СҲ޷ˣȻֳĻģȻɻҲʮֵĵǣҪȥִеģֻǵ˵⻰ܲ⣬СƹҪۣ
      ¾ôࡣ
      ûʲôۣǺǳӿȥԺҲôõĻƣֳ˶ܺãǮͬߵģʳҲãٶٶ⣬ǻƼݵģȴǰ׾Բˡ
      ƹģСҲ˵⻰СҲѾû⣬ӦýۣȻͶ澺ҲԲһȴۣⲻǰѿ𣿡ǵǰƹľģȻڻЩʧǴӳ˵ȴס˵İ취
      СεҲˣЩ뷨
      ڡ۾һ̲סʵ
      Сȴۣ
      
      ϵüõ֣д¼۸ڹ̨ǰ棬ȻͿǼҵĻƼװ֬˽۸񣬻ΪٺӣѾϲˣ
      ô˰ģֲô壡
      Ͼ;ίܣΪֳ֪ΪʲôҪۡأϾ;ӣ󣬹ӣ㵱Ҳ֪㣿˵Ҫļٺӣճ̫Ƥק
      °ͣһۣʾĻƢǲСɶãҪˣʱֻȥַˣޣ
      ĹǺҪȥҲǸɫܴ󣬵ȴСһһĵˡ
      ˣ̲סǶ˵ˣģʱֻ۲
      ȻЦûͷʵ˵ҲЩ飬ܺ
      ߶ֵе󣬸Ķָָģر֪ǸŮֳӣǴżֲмġ
      һҾ¥Ϊ£ˮӦȫÿնͣܶʱҪλãն¥ȴǾĵģЩϿǻЩԹ¥ſվŵȻӣһ仰˵ˡ
      ص˾ǣ÷紵ɹģӦˣȻʮֵԵٸΪ񣬽˲ֱӡ
      ˾质һʼҲͦŵģĳ֪ô̲סЦ˭뵽ү˾µİȻ˱׾׷һŮӣ
      ʱȥӢӣ·˽򫣬һʼ˻û˵˾质ԹԵĸں棬ǰײ˽򫣬һ·ǰȥ
      ŵſڣȷֳģǰ˵ģͻȥˣ֪
      Ȼ˾质Ϳ˽ȹ׻Ҫڵɫԭø߲ʵȴͻȻʵ
      ԭҲǻΪһŮǣҶǵģʧȥ̬ǣ
      һ룬ȥ;ø׽˲٣ϾΪӢǣҶֲһģΪ⽪飬ϧĸо
      ȻЩ֣ϾӢǽδŵӡ
      ۿӢ˾质˾质ΪڣӢߺ󽪳򫻹ԭأǰѯ˾质ҪҪһȸơ
      ˾质ʲô׵ģ˾һͬƵ꣬ԭ˾质̫ΪʲôҪЩ˺ȾϲȥӣֻоǹǲȥĵطһҲȥ
      ڵֳ֬ӣˣԭ˼
      ղǻƵ飬򫶼ɫֲÿˣһԵ˵ȥЩ֬˭ҿģ
      ˣ豭˾质Ͼ˫Ų豭򫿴һۣȻǵԼ
      ˾质ǺܿʶһȲ죬ǰһֱҪģǵܵ˾Խ˵ŽսϷɳۣҵʬдԾ˵Ρ
      һ˾˧ǿ
      򫵹˲ˮ֮Ϳ˾质ǳġͺڵһбһ
      ˾质Σ˵
      Щڵĵͷһˮ˾质Ҳûмʣ˵ŮӾӺϣȻ֣ȻҪŵΣճûŮܶģ˵骵Ļǽֱʰɣ
      Ҳûзϣס
      һֱķзģûеϵĽ𺳡
      ˾质ͻȻ;¼ûܣ˭һ˻ԼĻ£˵ʱΪȢֳ⻹ˣɼ飬˵ӣǶֳĵġ
      򫿴˾质ԥֱ˵޷
      ˾质뻹˵ҪܺģǿȢҲǸ취
      ֳɱĳĿȻǷģһֲһʧȥֿĿ־壬ɫһףĪҪ˵ӣ
      ǾֻܵˮʯԳϸˣ̬һҪŵͣˡ
      лҪ˵  ȡдꡣ
      ѵģϲһɣ
      ΪҴ֡
      İ
      ˷֡ӡ·˹ҡ
      ǰдİؽչǻ֣Դ
      ȦڳӰĸԸΪ䡣
      ΪݻԴˣϺȫʧ
      ˶Ľգȴ಻ԣֻһҪ﹥Թ룡

       77 

      ֳլס죬 ŻҪȥ ǸƱˣ仹С ֻܺ˵˵ ȥôã϶ҲЩˡ
      Ҳ֪ôͷǳԻ  ţͣ ĥ£ Ҳţף ȻִԵЩ࣬ Ҳˣʹţ͹ף ׼պ бһԸ
      ֳȥʱ˵İӭ˽ȥϸĴ죬 ֳʱ ȥһΣ ٺǵֳû취úɢģ Ҳûȥˣ һҲˡ
      ͷǺһЩȻ⡣
      ֳ̲סЦ ĸֲСӡ
      һֱֳн٣һٷˣĸϲǰӣԲ׾žи
      ֳԵĺãһСཱུģȻʱڣٺֶ࣬޸֮۲ϣࡣ
      ĬĲЩ飬ֳţ͹ĸϳԻɡ
      ʱҲлǹȴģ簾ţ֮ģ˻ζףҪ˵ţˣϾʱѵãţ
      ֳһױģȻûɲӦʵǳھΣҪֲֳ
      ͵͵¿ˮʵ㣬ⶫó𣿡
      ֳͷ䳤ˣһӣŵܳˣ˸ӶߣͷҲֳŽ仹ܳ
      óأóȥƬɡ
      ˵ŻͨˣֳԾ͸оڵĿͻȻ£Ѿƿӣ򫴩һɫĽŻۣ˽ͬѰĹӰ࣬˼ȴǶһЩ˵緢
      ֮󣬸ʰôûȥã
      ݡ
      ôǵǰոոݹЩ֡
      ȻԸڻشˣʵ˵ʲôˣ
      ֻõ˵ҪԻ
      治ɫ˵ãҲˡ
      
      ֳ
      ͽ䶼ܳԺͮͮţ׶նܳԣʦպܺãȻûлƬģյ̿𣬹˾ͷȥ
      ƽʱԵĺ٣ΪŷԴ¶صģһμӶΧԣֳҲڸǰֻ˵УٲҪڡ
      ĸ׵ģεľǿԺͺһͬۡ
      ţ͵Ĺףˢǳ㣬մϵϣóԵզֳ࣬θڴ󿪣ţ⣬Ȼ֪ķ֣Լĵװ⡣
      ֳȥһԵĽ򫼸죬ֳÿζù˸̺õƬ͵ĵ
      ĲɫǶûע⵽ȻҪֳûԵˣԵ̫ˣԾͺˡ
      ֳԽ˵䣬ЩȣǸطǻλðɡ
      䲻˵ҪҪѾ߸ӣ
      ⵹á
      򫿴ֳͽ任úɫʱͺ˼֣ԭЩǲҿˡ
      ע⵽Ȼֳˢ⣬һʱľĲУСͽĸҲҪţһ˵ģ
      ȻЩ뵽ӵΪֻ̾
      ***
      ֳص˼УС˷ܹܵ˵Ǽ̹֬ˡ
      ô£
      ˵ӲԸˡ
      ӲǸտûã˵ԼӦµģһ׸ģ
      СǶ˵ǲˣӶУһ𡣡˵¶˷ܵɫвԱУȻǶж񱨣ǳ죡
      ֳȴûô򵥣ȻڶС֪ǼȻ˶ӣֻȥˣֳ塣
      ҪСȻĹǺ
      һοҵȴǺ¡أǷͷ˰ʱŪøֻҩζȻǴĵĸֳʲô¡
      ֳȴǺܵϾҵ֬ǼݹһˮЧú֬ǲͬģЩŮӣܣ
      ҵͱˣ˵ƹǷֳһʼЩףſվ·ڣЩץ˵ʱƺˡ
      򫿴ֳ̲סԶԶĿֹâ
      ֳ룬˹ȥվԾ͸оעĶ
      ҪǰֳӦʮָ˵ģӣеΪݶϡȴֻԹޡ
      һֱĺŽ򫣬СĵĳԼǰ̣˵˾͸ˣֱŲһϢСֻ밲үҪٸˡ
      еĹâɢɫӲҪ裿
      һҵ㣡ֳƽ˵
      ؿģȻŭȴҷǵ˾质˵ҪСҪţŮ˶ϲûġ
      һŰŭѹȥһЩˡȻǵˣڴȥֳŭ
      ֳΣص˼УԺණĹϹֳǳܹϵĹʵ
      ϴ˾质Ӣѣ򫿴˺üۣѵΪϲЩ
      Щ
      ֳǲ˷ʳˣһټˮûΪ͵˷ѵһ뵽ȥһ͵ιǱȥʣµľͷŵؽɡ
      ֳŸɵǼӣΪץƹҲȥˣǸ˼գȻھֳһֵĵط¿ҵˡ
      ֳҵĳѿһ֬׬ʮӣǱҲֲƶᡣ
      һβҪˣΪտҵ֮ǰ֬˾ܹȥ˻ڷ֣֬ȻֳһģһȴûʲôЧá
      и˵ԭȵ֮֬ȸ߶ˣȴðˣǼľͨ֬ȻôߣǸƭӣ
      ƭӣӡ
      ҪӵĻһ㸻ŮӣЩСǵǲںǮȻֳǺŮ׵ûɫƯҪϽȥ򣬽˵֪˾ͳˣиСѾ˵Ǯɣ
      ʵҲ飬˹ҲģϾǶҲûٸɹ˵Ǽ֬ɲѰ֬ұ˻ȥͬʮǮͿһУǲͦ㣿
      ģ
      ЩҪˣдɫȼףŽźǸ̬СѾҧ˵һܡ
      ʱ̲ס¶Ц
      лҪ˵  

       78 

      ЩѫҵĹ˵ ¹ܶ ֻҪЧõ
      ֳ֬ˣ ˶ſ棬 һ֬ᵽʮӣȻôãֱǱǣ
      ɾ ֬ϻˡ
      ˷ܵĲУ Ӳҵھ¥ҵϴƵ ָı˵ 㵱ô˵ģ˵ԺҪֹգ ôȶ˷룿
      ݺݵĳŪ ҲûƢˣֻ ֬ аŵĺܣ
      ǹطΪ¸ɫʽĴΣǵڣ ֬Ǹˡ
      û ̲סţ Ҳϸ ֲֹһҲ Щ¶ǲֻ档
      һڶ߸˵Ļȥˣ ڿô࣬һ̶벻ˣֻں㵱ӺûˣǶСĵɡ
      һ٣漴ֳȻûˣĽȴ죬˭ǣҲ͵ʮˡ
      С׬˵صżȥֳŰ׻ӣ˵СֳҲһθܵʲôս
      Ȼǻϲģֳÿ˰˺˵һҵеڶң׼ֵֻ꣬صھǸڵĽݡ
      ҲȥƣԺµĸۿڣҾ˵ĺΪģرȥ
      ԽǰѧУУûճȥпҲûжľѣȴǿȥˡ
      ǸŮеŮӣ˵ˣѾ޹һΣͲЩŮӰע⣬ͷ¶棬˵ݶ˵Ҳȫǻˡ
      ҲǸ֮أǳ߻Ҫעⰲȫֳ뻹ȥһ
      Ȼԣһڳ֮ǰȥһνݣĸڽݣȥ٣ϯ϶Ǹʻͷôзǳһֻзžͱˡ
      ĸһֻ
      Ц̰¡
      ֳˣ֪Լ˵˶ٹûʵɣʵͿȥ棬ĸˡ
      ͰЦֳͷܹܸ㣬һҪСġ
      ֱֳ˳谮ĸоһʼֻϷ۳Ҳֱչ˵顣
      ص˼УǮѾָѾʰˣֳŴõı죬֣Ҫű죿
      ǮȻ˵ЩջõĶ۵޲Ҳ֪ö˸ǹĺܣȻҪԼ죬Ǳ죬Ͱꡭ
      ֳͷۣȰ˰죬żһңʣµǮ˵ʲôϼˣҲһĶ
      ڶܹܾʹһˣӵֳ˳ǣ죬д˸֣ѰСܿҲһʾķʽ
      ܹһԸţֳǺܷģһ·ͣͣģƯľɫͣ͡
      ܹܽҲʮ꣬ԭǽĸߴͣѰ·ϹĹҵģʹ·Ҳܿļ⣬ƽʱ࣬һ˫۾ΪϬһǿɿˡ
      ԭʮֵĽţһֱֳԣֳԺ֣һҰջĵط棬кȥȾƳԵĺΣ漴־ãֳ⿪ʵӣͦ˻ϲġ
      һ·ϾԳԺȺȣ·Ѿŵݡ
      ԭǸʮֵİȫ־ģȻû˸ţ˽ݣֳĽֵԺֵ죬˳ӶһֵطǺпλģֳǮԣиӣ߳ԭһ
      ǵǮֵĶչܣ¿ľҪСˡ
      ֳһֱ֪СھϺͷԣԺֻҪ֣Ҫȥˣ
      СҲվͰѸ̵ֳ֬֬ܳùľû˵õģϢȥѯʲôʱӣˡ
      ͽСֳһֱȥ߿һ׼ȥˣ˵ֳˣǸˣǮֵҲ˷ܵĲУĴһ޼ʣ߼ʣͬգ紵죬˵ĳС
      ȥԱߵСϣ׼סһޡ
      ʱֱֻ۳ĴֳǵһοĴ㣬ԭôƯɫҫ۵⣬ƯǶһֽ
      ҲĲϣֱȥ࣬Σͼ£ֱӶˣֳϲ˵һ߰ŮͯΪںߣɫЩڣֳһ֬ȥã
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      ֳ￴꣬Сܽ쿪С֣ɫӣ۾ҹɫǣģɽȪϡ
      Ǯ¶׵ɫӣȥϴϴû˵Ϳֳһ˲ͳʣµĵݸǮ֣֣ԣϣ𡣡
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      ֳȻ洫ԼԼ˴󽫾ĳƺ˼һȥպÿһߴӰ߶
      ȴȻαֱŶңܿ죬ƺǳżſſڵֳǽŲͣ£漴ǰ˹
      ס˸Եı飬ֳеĹâ
      ˮδ⣬ܾףסУֻʣڣֳ벻εȻ־Υĸж
      ˵˵û¡
      ֳѵһЩĮ룬򫽩ӲݽڻȡֻĵĻϲҪǻ
      лҪ˵  ܾúܿᣬֻҪдþãosto ôдɣʲôʱ˾дˡ

       79 

      ˾ĬƬ̣ ֳ˵ ܲˣݰɡ
      ֳºͣ ̬ҲûĮ ȻЩܳƮƮģ һǳһţ ֳӡ
      ⶰլڵǺõģ שߣ ʯ壬 ʹҲӰߣ ȻѰլӣһ꣬ һŲȥǰ࣬ ߡ
      ݣѾӭ˳£ ˸ɾá
      ֳϣ 򫵹һˮ ûʲôò裬 Ҷ ίˡ
      ȹĲˮȴһԵĽӹһԸ˾质 ҲŲ豭һڣ˳ʲôˮڲҶĩ˵ζܹ֡
      ˾质ԭҪ˵ϴŲҶûҪЩǿŲˮСĺţĿᣬͰѻȥֳĲˮ˵ǴֲˣǶҩҲԥȥɣ
      ֳ˾质Щ˼ΪдһЩʱգǱСȻͷ˾һͬǰҡ
      ˾质ڽݵˮʦְʮϤ͸Žһͬˡ
      ˾质˵ؿ֪ڵ죬ֿǼˣվͳ˾ǣ⼸һû˯ãҪмӦллֲǡ
      Ȼ֮ϵúܣ˾质ֱӺ˽֡
      ֳ֪ʲôʱ˹ϵˡ˾质Ļȥ򫣬Ȼû˯õӣ۾ﲼ˺Ѫ˿ȦҲء
      ͱˡ
      ĵлǸղŻЩ˵ĵĽ򫣬ȴǽŲ豭˲ˣڷ֣ʹֳ̬ºͣȻƾ⣬Ȼαл
      ԭЩ齥ĳһЩαף
      ˾质ɫãƺҪŭصĿһ˵֣˾ͲˣϽϴɡ
      ֳ޵һСǴ󴬣Ȼη죬Ǯܹˣ֪ӣǾϲ˷ܣܿʰңүǹء
      ˴Ϊһֱֱ꣬ӽ˴ڣŽԶȥĵ죬ֳҪȥ˵ʵУȻһֱοԼڵ϶죬ĸо;Ϣ
      ֳԳţʲôĸˣͲסįҲǸϲԺֵ˶ѡ
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      úˣڴϾֱ˯˹ȥ
      ʱѾǵڶˣֳûԼ˯ôãѾͣˣʱ䣬Ӧǿ˲ǣôû
      ֳƿţѾ˰ߣ϶Ǵææµµ
      վŴһɫԲŻ۵Ľ򫣬ıֱͦΣվɣӳ峿ߵĸոһ̫Ƕһһ꣬ʫ续˵껹ʮŲعͷΪأԵøȻĹĵģĿȴֶ˵Ĺâ
      ˳Ĭ˰죬ֳͣˣ
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      򫿴ֳΪո˯ѣ˵ģɫںīǰ˵ķ鲻ͬ۾ģë˳ȻͦվţԵʮסÿҪֱ뻳Уڷ֡
      һ˾质ĻʵĻҪͷŵ˵ĪҪˣʵЩĽ˵ֱһĥǺֳһֱ㲻Ϊ尾Ƶļ˵Ҳܣ޸ңóһ̷ͬĸףӲǺܺã
      ֳǳһû뵽Ҳͷֻһеĵ˼Щŭɶ磬ӱͺܺãǱҵĻ¡
      Ȼ˼ޣѾ޶ȵĵͷˣ˭ֳ֪ȻȻϵͷȻŭ㵽Ҳ骣
      ԭĳʱͱýţ˻ãҲ֪˭һˣֳյ˵һȥˣҪʰһسǡ
      ֳҲȽػŤͷ˲ַڣϰˮϲԵģѺϣἰĺ칽һСʱԹˮҰģѰ
      ֳǷתǰҪڵһ롭ֳùһ칽ƿƤͮͮģҧһڣģǼеζ
      ֳͣԽԽͬһڴƹ죬ţȻվ棬꣬ȻֱͦǿĲŲһ֣ǱӰȻżį
      Ǯֶ緹ģʲô׵ģֳҲ뿪ţ΢ȰȰүɣҪ󲡵ġ
      緹һ࣬Ѽ˿ȵȣ߲ˣȴֳԵ嵭ζ
      󽫾ʮֵģЩ֮ǰѾԸģǱ˳ŵġǮĿֳ
      ֳͣ˳ԷĶֿܿʼǮ̾ȴҲ޿κΣȻ֪ίʵЩˣ鶼Ѿˣֳ˵ϾǺŮõĹ޾Ǽ޸򫣬
      ֳȻԽ޵òУҲû취ֻĻˡ
      ֳ緹һҶʰˣһѣʩ֬ų˲շ
      СһЩ֮ǰվڴĽѾˣֳ֪Ƣ
      ص˽ݣСֳ㱧ˣµô󣬶һֱСŻˣء
      СҪֳСĳ˸ֳ㶼䣬ִϳеĺء
      СȻĹģԼøɵ¶ȴû󣬵ﶼﱸˣ͵ֳҵˡ
      ֳӶڶ׼ҵ֮ͻȥˣȻݺܺ棬ûмס
      ҹֳ˯𣬺ȻǮɫֵܽ˵Ǳˣ˵󽫾ˣϽȥ
      ֳ򫻹ӲãҲܲѽѵȥûȽ
      Ȼǻýĵزֳһһҩ裬˵裬ȥ󽫾ˣͺˡ
      ӻΪֳȥֻҩֻֻȥˣǮ¶һֹɫǰȥֳѾǸҵСˡ
      ˼ʱֿȥһ۰ɣ󽫾ϳҩʲôҩϳԣ
      лҪ˵  ±Ԥգд
      ֡
      誶ѲҺԥѡ񱣺ӣ˰ס֫õٿ˶ӣҽһʴǵʹϮҧͷֻһ۾ͿѪģĶӡ
      誶Ѫ߾оɢԺ֮У뵽ľȻԼûĺӣҲҪѩޣǺһ÷ӼȻѾǱҼĿӣڣǵ̫ӵ£һû취Ĵڡ
      誶ˣ껹ƯܣȻɱǸɥ£ʱſֵĲУ誶ɫۣƹڵĸӼ˵Ĵӵ˽
      Ӽɫ࣬Ȱ裬˹ľʬʧʹ
      誶Ҫǰο磬˵ޡȴ޼£ٺ誶Լʮꡣ

       80 

      ʪҹ ֳӻվ ʱסϾǽݵվ ¥ܸߣ ǳ䣬ͷʨſڣ ܹŴɫĵ ԶԶľܿбʿţ һɭϡ
      ֳ иϾӭ˹ ֳһƾȻ˾质
       ǵȵˡ˾质û뵽ղˣȴǷҪֳ ˾质֮ǰֳ ǵ˦ֲˣҪǽҪиһ˾质붼룬 ֳһ
      ֳҲΣ ˾质ȥң Ʈɢҩζ
      ڷգ ɫͨ죬 ڷƢҩڵϣҩ֭Ҳһأ Ůڵɪɪ
      ȣȥ
      ѾŵĲҿɫҰףһ̧ͷͿ˾质һòŮ˽ʱǿϣ˾ˣǲϺҩ
      ֳصǽ壬ּ򫲡Ĳᣬ磬ɲСӣȻ£Ҫиôĸ֪Ƕôģ
      ŵƻ𿴵ֳʱ򣬶ʱ۾˼ֱֳֹȴǾǿһ䲻ԡ
      ֳ֮Լһҩ裬ڴرϣ˵磬ҩɡ
      ղŻǷŭʨһģȴǰĲУԭ۾رĺǽ͸ˮĺʯֻʣȫĿ͸޹ĺͯ
      ֳĻȴҡ
      ֳһӾЦˣýһô˻ˣСӣ᲻ģ
      ֱֳŤͷȥֳһʲϳҩӣֳĲˣƬֻ̣õȳҩɣһؾȥ
      תֳע£ҩȥ
      ûˣ˾质˵ʲô˵Ļ˶֧ˣҩͻȻסֳ֡
      ºȣȵĲУֳһ·＾ֽűôסͻȻ̵оҪ˦ȴεסֻõҲߣ˯ɣ˯һͺˡ
      ֳԼһ˵ĻȵĺĴϣŨصҩζһ˿һ㣬ͷֳҩζ
      ӹһҩ裬궼һ˿һͷ
      ȻˣӸɾ͸Ϻõ֬ûһ˿覴ãΪ˯˰յĺӳ˳Ľëǹͦ㣬ü续һ䷲ɣƯĲС
      ʹֳҪ޽򫣬ǲòϣһŽ˺޲Ŀݡ
      ֳȻţʹ˯ҲſԼôϴģ̼ǵ֮ǰڴر˯˹ȥǽģ
      磬ѡ ֳ´ǽקֲϷſ
      ۾Ž׼ֳڻ¶һĨЦʱֳ־޵ĸоѩ֮ĻҲմ˰ɣ
      ʹıֳѹĲϣ
      ̵ϢǵصľסֳܸоϣӲļ⣬Ϊ䣬⽡׳͸
      ֳĿ΢Ƿٹ
      ֳ
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      ֳע⵽ԼΪһֱŤҪѣýĳЩӦˣȴǲٶˡ
      ˺ü˿˵˰ɣ
      ֳڻɣ´뽪ԶԶģýĲζϲң
      ֳָʱ㻹ǻҵĺñ磬ûԵĻҵĻ£
      ſˣѾϴƷһ緹
      Ȼһֱؿģײסûзŭιҡ
      ֳѾǸͽίߵˣȻźֽŶˣҪιô˵ιҳԷ
      ίʵ̫ãɫһڣ˾ӣһԵѾߴҲҳսսĲˣ͸صĳȥλƢõĴ󽫾ҳλƢȴЩ˳
      ֳӦ˽ҪһͬȻҲᷴڣϾҲҪȥˣһ·ϵҲȫȴź򽪳򫡣
      ΪոգĶǷǳ嵭ʳֳҲմӵϻҲ嵭ģǺܺθڡ
      һװͿһֳ룬ֳԼ࣬պãǳ԰ɡ
      ӦһҲھͰѰȹˣȻȥֳϵӣֳһʱĪŽ򫣬ȴ׾ʢһףȻιߡ
      ֳһӾסˣǴΪմȾ࣬ѹڴȴ¶ʣΪýŵŨζ
      죬
      ôֳҪΪʲôôſڵĿյͰֳȳһڡ
      ֱӶ룬Ȼʢһӣղһ̫ˣЩڷϣһ˾飬ʢһ롣
      ˾质˵ˣҪ֪緹Ӱ뿪ķ϶￴ȻڸֳιȻֳ֪֣Գ֣ȻҲ飬뵽Ȼι;Ȼʮ𾪵ġ
      ˵Ӣѹ˹أԣܣһˣڽǰΪݣ彪ĲܣȴֳϣԺĳˣǾǵصص޹ˡ
      һ뵽ƽʱĽͻȻС˾质ȻĪϲС
      ֳû뵽Լôһ˵ĻιԷų˺üڣŻعԼԡ
      ȴϰ뻹ֳǿ˵ι㡣
      ֳ򫣬ıιһ࣬ŷӣעֳĿֲݺӵᶨ˵ҿιԷҲ۵ʱߣԸΪڷ絲ֻ꣬Ҫϼ޸ҡ
      ֳȻЩֱӽĿж˹âҫ۵ĲУһ˿˵һ˵ǽȴǡһˣԼˣȴιֻΪ֤ĳġ
      ֳĬ
      Ķ۾ȻŭĲУⱲӻûжһŮ˵ģСͳҲˣȴĮ顣
      ֮֮վЩġ

       81 

      ϾĽ ⾳ΪǱһˣ ĳϿ󰮣ֻϧǱֳܾˡ
      ֮Ȼ˻һ Ͼ˵Ҫһͬ ǽ˭ǰģ ƺһ̾Ҫŭ
      ֳһʼе飬 ǿģ ҹ˵ Ҳһ ΪΪ ˼ɣͿԷС Ժϲأ鰮ʧ ȥǲҲôĵĶԴ
      ˾һ·ԲԷǰ˾质ܻˣ ȥҲǣ ȥ̸ֳҲǣ ϾһУ Ҫӵġ
      ڻ·ͣˣ һ·ߵĺ˳Ͼͻص˾ǡ
      ֳڲס·Ҫֿ ۿҪˣͻȻסȥ·
      ֳ磬Ȼ£ҾȻȥˡ
      ࣬ݺݵ˦ޣͷҲصˣ·̤صͬ˿̵顣
      ֳص˼Уϴˮ裬žĲУνУֲʵĴ
      ڶһ磬ֳȥܸ˵ȴѹֵŵ죬һصֳ̬̲סʵ֣¡
      ֳֿ̾һȥ˾֪ˡ
      ݣͽ䶼ڣֳһ۾Ϳ˹λּܲնֻּܲиյʱŻȷֳתķɿ죬Ҳ벻ʲô¡
      һΪĽ룬̫ûõָȻû취ڻʵۺ̫ǰˢøУҲ빬淣Ÿȥˣ֮ǰԺȥϼ棬ֳ׼Ǳ߿ֵš
      Ψһûзǽ򫱻̫֧ȥƽԽңڼ̫ӻͼ˵ֳ򫣬֪ΧԽ֮ɱؾǣɱ̫ӣȡ˻λ¼
      ѵ£
      ֻ£ƽҾӦǻʵֳּּ̫֣ܲ˵˵ڽݣʲôˣֱȥˣһ·Ͽɻ˳
      Ȼ潪˵ʱ䣬ȻҲǱӵִŸˣһҲһ£ϲֳԺֳһˣڣȻǰֳûнˡ
      ֳĸˡ
      һգգ۾˵㣬˵ҪҴġ
      ֳ̲סЦཱུգҸЩֳһӣû򿪾öȲĽ⿪ӵıǣϲ˵Ư
      Ȼһֱ꣬Сʱܳȥתתֳڰ߼񱴿Ǵʱ䣬Ҳ˲١
      ֳӴˡ
      ֳľķ񣬡ġһʦǳĳԭ̵ģһɱģһȥһͻȻͶˣҲɱˣҲˣʼ
      ˵Ҳǰ·ңǵ̵ķǳĴ
      ķ򵽣Ҫһֳֻ֬ġ
      Ȼϲϸţ͵ԼڣȻĵģȴһֱֳô۰Ͱ͵Ŀζ
      һɫıǣϧţһֱֻסֳĸ첲㣬ȥ˷أҲһȥɣ
      ֳȵָָּ̬ܲ̾һ˵ǰʹ빬˵ص飬үѾȥʱҲýλҪȥˣҲ̡
      ӷҪȥصģΪǻʵ۵İܣּ̫᲻ãһֱ˾ǡ
      ̫˼𣿡
      죬Գɫ˵˼һûĵزǵЩ˵·ֻǸϳȥ
      ֳ֪СھǣĸֵܣѶھǣһȥ˷أȲ˵ԺȲϰߣûлʵ۵Ĵǲ뾩ģʱҪһ˶ˣҪ˵ĸףһֱ̫ãһ꣬ڻǲμɥˡ
      ·̫ͻȻˣֳ֪⣬̧ͷȥ򫡣
      Ȼ׼ֳģǿֳʵ̬᲻ñֻӲ˵ĺǰֽš
      ֳһֱöԲ骣˺֮һֱû棬ȻҪý߳ŭٴζ骲֪޿κεģǶˣرǺǣˣǾͲһˣһֱܿ
      ˭֪骾ȻĶѵ˵ѾͶ̫һˣϾ뾩ˣǾûʵ۵ĳ谮ˣɲ̫
      Ȼ˵ĸ˵̫谮磬ԴҶãϾ̫ӲǼ̳дͳ֮ˣǻ˷رܿâǡ
      Żȥʱȥ˵Ǹġ˵⻰ʱĿǰݣͺ񿴴һԼŮһ㣬ĸĻȥݣֻĸܷġ
      ̫谮ķǳ˽֮ΪֵݣҿŶŽϣͨͨ˴Ϊĵĵط
      ֳ֪ĺ⣬Ӻңƽ˵ȥú롣
      ֳȻ뵽ƺû򫲻ܳƵۣ̫ӵǻԺǵ·ôܽ˶ôֵ飬̫ˣûнĺıӻܰȻĻ
      뵽ֳ̲סЦԭԼνĹҲŽ谮ֶѡ
      ԱȰʵҲֻܸȥˡ
      ֳȥ֮صģԭ̫ΪС̫̣Ըŭرˣһһرȥ
      ˵ˣ̫ӲǸˣҪûаԭ򫲻ܵǻԺǵӾͼˡ
      ԽԽˣԺĻѾҶӣֻʣ¹ͺͺ辣Ǯֽʵףﰾһɡ
      ֳ͵Ǵ˲ٸϺϺɡ
      ˵ŻѾܽп
      Ѿ˵⻰ʱ̬Щԥֳ֪˿ܲѰˣ˭
      ǰү
      ⻹һκ骼棬ȥ˻ֳȥϴѣųʱѾڻˡ
      ݵǱķѣ˼־ʵķ˶
      ΪȥֳɹһЩǲӰòӵĹʶˡ
      Ȳ衣ֳԸ˲ˮ
      骿Ų豭ϲȵǰԭǵأ֪ôһ뵽ֳֿȻãȻʹĲС
      ̫Ӹ̫Ӹ£ȻԵ޷֣ԺһỤ㡣
      骺ֳ֪Ⱳǲˣ̫ӵǻҲܷʵּ⡣
      ҲǱһ˿ϣȥпأ
      лҪ˵  ƤƼҵ飬ӦһӣⱾҲˡ

       82 

      ֳȻͽ򫲻̣ Ů ڱ˿ͽһɵģ骾Ȼ̫һɣ ԺֻǶ
      磬 ̫Σ
      ʱȻЩʵһֱھΣ ûã ûлסֳ Ǵ̫ӣ ־ģ ֳ⻰һʱ ̫ǰǫʺǸ˶ϲĿģ
      骴С˶ Ȼ˲ͬ ּնһѾ̫Ӳ濴ǰʺ Ǹȫ෴ӣ ΪСѹסеķâ ȴҪЦԣ ʵϼΪѹ֡
      ҲйƵľ ȻеĿ
      ֳ骳Ĭ磬 ̫ԺŹ𣿡
      ߺֳǮ˵ʰʰɡ
      
      ǿҪȥˡ
      Ǯŵ̲˵ϣ
      ***
      ӻεһ£˹һʹ빬ΪҪ뾩Ҫ鲻٣棬˯ú磬ֻ˯˶ʱ
      빬˽ӣͱĿϢ˭֪һӾ˯˹ȥʵ˯ĺǳһΣ˹
      ÿһͻȻһ
      Щ˲ĻһֱǰߣĽ³ôĵӣڲͣ¡ʱ򣬽ͻȻͣ
      ղǸźϽӵ̫ະˡһλҪūֻð͵ˡ
      Ǻ󹬵һ׵ĵطܻ˰޺ݣȴͻȻסһξԶļֲӿС
      ͻʵ۵һε˽ᣬһα˴ǣ֡ֻܳ
      ôȥˣȻǱԭ
      ѾҪȥ̫࣬˭ҪΪ⹬ֻһ˿԰·֪ط
      ˽ӣһ̧ͷȻͿһӱ̫һ˵Ʋȥ
      ޺ݳĺܸߣҲû·ҪӲݴԴȥųȹڣȴֻͣȥҲ棬һȥ̫ﻹء
      ̫ҲǿԥƬ̾ͳ˶ȥһͿת
      ֱ棬ʵ¶һĨЦǳǳ㻹ǿ˵Ŀϣǳճյ
      ȻͬһǣǴûеʹҲȺҴҿۡ
      £ҵĵϱսвָͷȴ侲̬ǵŻʵۡ
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      οţҪ˵ʲôǳĬ
      ʵóУݸĸ˵Ķԣ̫ݳˣǷâǹ̫ӣ̫ӲδĴֻ̫Ӳ޻ڣܻĸӣް֮أ޵ּ
      ǵһû˵ʵΪ˱һӣǰּҲǲʵˣʵ۵ĹǶԵģĶӽâ̫ǹ̫ӣȻ̫ǰһʺģ֪֪治֪ģ˭֪û̫һ̣
      ûԥĽӹּ⡣
      ʵ۵ݹȥӣסʥּʱ򣬻ʵȴſʥּͽȻסֻ֣˵һʥּڵϣֻֽգйȣһŻһӾȼ
      ʵĿڲ˳ֺͼһ㣬СɣֱԷſ
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      Ҫ֣ȴֻʵ۵ǯһεģԷſ
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      ʵ۵һĺڰȫһϣ˿ֻ̣һ󰮶õѰʧӶѡ
      뾩ǻʵ۵Ĵ٣ǲ˽뿪ģȻҲܾ棬ÿ깬дССĽգʵȺпһԺأ
      ʵۿûг֣Ǹˣ˵ȫȻ飬ͬʱӵıעⱲû취ˡ
      Ȼ޴ԸͬҲҰĲǱϾİܣֵܴСһ𳤴ڹ໥֣ˣʵ޶ԣ
      ǰʵصӣôڣǳˡ
      ĴѰ޺ݴɳɳ죬ģȴ÷ſˡ
      ȥ֣ʵɿ֡
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      סʥּýƣЩ֣ĪʹʹļҪᣬȻתˮֻǺܿо¶ɫᶨŲȥˡ
      ʵۿȥӰٳٶûжӲһʯͷ
      ȻҪ뾩ˣӻҪȥݵСţǵľǮֵĶˣֳһǮ˾ǣֳıǾǮˣӦúͶһžۣˡ
      Ǯȴǲϣūˣǹū澻źʮ꣬㿴һſܵ
      ֳĲѵǮֻ֣˵뷨չãҲˣһӲǡ
      Ǯַޣָ£ū澾˸źⶼʮˣūϰ˸ڹߣūѽ
      Ǯ־ͲֳȿˣֱֳЦãԭչǮֵģ˭֪ȻͲ飬ʵҲ᲻Ǯ֣ȻʱǮִֹ֪ͨЩۣȴΪ֮ˡ
      ֣ԻҪֶӲˡ
      Ǯһϲ
      £Ѿ׼ˣֳȻǸһߵģ֮ǰĵǺӢȥ
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      Ҿ˾ˣȻλ˾质
      ֳȻӢˣ˾质һ˲ţ˾ҵĵӣľھ˸λԺӢֻԽԽá
      һ棬ֿʼ̫ӶӢִǰнѹΪΪԺأ
      ԭ̫ӺͽԩңΪ̫ӵĹâȢӢΪޣӢ̫ӵİ¹⣬ʱ䣬ӹôҴңֳˡ
      ˵˶ӣ
      ӢδӣҪ뾩ǡ
      Ѿоӣˣֳ⻰֪Ӣ½֣ǳǣһ뿪̫ӿһ죬ͻӢǿϾ̫һֱûе³ֻҪ̫ĵλȥвӢֻܵƷϾǰ棬ʲôǴҪġ
      ֳصĻص˼УլѾûʲôˣеĶֻгõļû
      ұֳ뻹Ǿò׵ϣӢܹҸǳ̫ӵ
      ݻͬԵЩģ͸Ѿǰȥݵֻۡʣһ롣
      żǸ˵˯ˡ
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      ֳֻܽ˽򫣬˺ͺһһͬźҲΪˡ
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      ѾѿףɫǺصĿףѾŵţȴ¶ֳ̬Ͼⶫᡣ
      үС
      ϣȥ˿ףһɫĹۣΪ׵ļѹϣ¶ؼʮֵԸУѾ߶Ҷ࿴ۡ
      ֳڻͿ򫼱Ҵҵ˳ſסŲؾصֳϡ
      һιȥ˰£ҲûȻؾصţĿȴȵĲУֳ
      顣
      ֳȻͼûпôȵĿ⣬ǲڣܿͲ⣬ʵӢĹ˼ɾǽ򫣬ֻҪͬ⣬¿ϾͶҲʡҹζࡣ
      ȴԴˣ
      ֳһĪĿŽ򫣬ýʱŭֱӵζŭ죬һӾ˹ȥֳӦʱѾ˻
      ϵĺζأȻǸջûϴζţ·Եſؼһ̣ԵϢŨҵϮ
      磡ֳ
      ӸµĿֳȻңҪи̬ǣ
      ֳ뵽ӢΨһĺˣҽ˵ĶԣȻæҪ˵Ƣɵ˵磬ˡ
      ֳվڽĻü˳۵ģˮʮֵᣬɵĲУǽöûӣоļҪڻˡ
      һ̽ףʲôӢѹ˹أΪֻҪֳҪģϵǵԸΪժǸĸԸĵ
      ãҰ㡣
      ĸԸ˵˵Ϳֳ˳ȥղŵ̬̬ȣȻʧתһ룬ֻƬ̵飬Ҳʮֵ㡣
      ֳţֻǻȥ̬ȣ˭֪ڶʹ˾质ȥ˹̫˸ͻ飬̫ǶԽʮֵΣϾȥأ˵˻ʵۣԽ򫼸ӦһСС飬ȻĴӦˡ
      ӢߵݣҪǶ뾩ӣֳμ˻ߣӶˣȻܸġ
      ֳزģȻҪһߣΪ˸Լİοˡ
      ߵʱ̫ͻʵ۶УϾǽݺ˲ͬǻʵֶӣҲ̫Ѫ
      ֳû뵽һ뿪꣬ߵĴʵ۾ˣ̫ʱ͢ķͶˣһ̫Ӿͳ׷ˣ֮ǰ̫ӽõҲˮǴߣ˵ǲ˶Ѿ¿ҪҪŮ޸Ʋϵˡ
      ֮һֱѹĺЩѣǶԱ˶ԣֳŽȴȻء
      ꣬СԳ̵ֳֿ֣ʮҷֳֵ꣬Ѿ鶼СרŴݵӡ
      лҪ˵  컹һˡ

       83 

ڰʮ
ֳʮ, ֮ǰ飬Ȼס, ̫̫, һֱΣ˵ֳѾǺŮӣҲδŮǰ
ֳһʼΪ˿Ĵ߶ٺС־ͳ, ܿͿԼӦԣΪԼʼٺ, ǲô, Ϊߺ㣬ʮ, Ҳʼŷˡ
ֳ֮Ҳͺٳˣ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڵ֮תƣȻѣΪиּͷΣּάܿͳСǵ׷Ķټֳ֬ʮֵĳһʱݳˮ
Ψһź岻̫ãֳһḺ́ҩûʲô, ٺֳÿ춼ᶢԺһŲ軨֪Ĳ軨ǰھģݵʱһˡ
ʵˣǾеĸĸֵܣֻһסϵλ
һֳԼ˺ݳҽڲ¥ӣ˸ϹȥʱֳҽãиεĹӸ硣
ҵֳļУһλȽЦЩӵӣֳͬ꣬ȻɹףǰӲţֻһŮ
Ҳ壬Уٳ漰
ʮƯüϸ£Ƥ𪣬ϲ촽˹˹ĵǴӶκʱڷꡣ
УѾΪ˸ȴЩң޹ȥɷͲʣϧͽӻ˼С
ֻǰҵǲټ޵ģһҲȴˡ
ΪԼҲǴŮСֳһֱʮֵ壬˵ʱ֮ĸȻûָ𣬵ϴ棬ȥҪŮＫ۰ң귢Ϊˡֵǹȴǲͬûһ˿ɥܲٳ˴Ĳҵ
ŮӺͳŮȻǲһһЩ棬һЩĥ¹κͨ͸
ֳǺŮҲͷ飬ֱӼ棬ƲϹأҲ֮С
˲ˮ͸㣬һʱû˵ֳʵûκεĲҲһˣ⼸һֱûңû뷨Ȳ˵ջĶţһεĳѾᡣ
˵ھк̫ܵӵϲԭӵܣ˶ͽĶνļΪ˳졣
ֳȻվڲͬʵΪ骸˵ģΪǶ˼Ρ
ֻȻûгףǹһˡ
Сýü䳡Σ˵ֳ³ˮֳһʼֻ֬еĿ֬ڿʼˮˣƵʱ˽һˮЧȻܺã֮ܶ󣬲ͿĨвֱۣҲЧ
ʱϻˣҽֻУ̲ס˵ãҼУĲȱӡ
С˵ļΪʮİֳ࣬ʱЦˣŻΣҾͿʼ˵ˮ۵
ʮֵ΢ʱʱĻһЩˮҲʵĲ廰ȴᣬ˵ǸʮƵӣڼﱣ̫ãĿⴿֹ䡣
ֳ̾ҪԼô£˵ͬˣҪӣֻϧվԵ޷֣̬Ϻ䵭ȻˣҶǺͯȻǿöɫ¶˼˸ɫ
Ҵ㲻̣ܵܺٻȥ˵Ե˵ܲǵˣھ棬ͻ磬͸űһͬȥˣҪǴΣĺĲ
ֳʱˣԭڵʱͿˣҪ֪ʫ׶͵ģ֪Ҫ룿
ǽ˿Цһ顣
ֳЩԥƺڿϣЩ΢ʵĻǺԶĳǶȿͲˡ
ڽһˣ۾ＸҪǵ˹ͻȻվڼǰ档
˭ʶ򫣿˲꣬ͰѸĽٷεģͷҳİʮֵҪ˵֮ǰп˵սԶˣȻʮֵᣬȴ硣
⼸Խ죬ŰɵļУţϱˣӲη˼
ҴһǺܿ;ϲ˵ûүүɻǵң๫ʷʷүְ
΢΢̧ɨҴ㣬¹˵ԭʷ˵ķˡȻĿ׼ֽ˿־˭

ҴڲֲԾƺܲˡ
Ҳ彪򫣬ǼվЦ˵үȻлмҪֺδ˵顣
ĿһֱǰһӾסĲӣ˸ѹںǽϣҲڽǰ棬ͺǺ޷֮Сֱһ
򫿿˹ȥѹĶߣһһ˵Ҳ
㵵ĿŽ򫣬ƺһӾ˹
򫿴ΪȱǺĳĲУھ˳һ㣬ֳϲģӣòǺв
ȥ·ϣӲǼֳһֳֻɫܲãǲ
ĿĿֳֳһ˵ķޣͷ¶ĲߵλεͶӳĵͬϺõ֬
ǶȣֳֻܿĲ⼸ʢһȥۣԽˡ
ţĿ⽥գ̲סһ־Ͱ˴˻ֳԭͽţһӾͱˣݺݵĴ򽪳򫣬ܲ˵ȥ
Ȼ̫ã⼸ԽľտᣬΪʢֳ㾢Ա˵еۣǶڽ˵ȴ޼£ɵİֳ˻
ֳգ˵ҽûɱˣѾˣ㻹ҪΣ
ֳҪˣƣ˵Ҹմ质Ѿûˡ
⼸̫ӿɾڽ򫣬Эͬ˷ˣϾ̫Ӽ򫲻òӣ质·̿Įٶȣҹͣļ̣ܻ
ֳȥ򫣬Ȼ۾ﲼѪ˿Ҳ˼ַ˪һǰҹĽʮֵ㲡
Īʧķˣûм£α˴Ҵң
վϻ
ֳһӾҭסϵŭȥһŷŵ˵Ǻαءε֪Ҳ֪˷˵鲻Ͼָ̫ʹģ°ӣýԮľأҪǽ⣬һĹĲ£ּڣÿζܻΪģ˱˹ֻʣһˡ
ֳ质һϺõ֬ӡӾ͵һн
ڲǽ˸󣬼ռһĿռ䣬ֳãռ䶼ˡ
Щ׾ĸֳֳմһֻӣϴֻ˵һֻɫ֬ͱɫɫһ𣬾Ȼĺÿ
ֳлϲ㵽׺ʱſϼ޸ң
ֳɫһ䣬һӾƿ˽򫣬Ϊ̫ͻȻýһģ㵹ȥϾϰģܿסӣȴֳ˵磬ⱲӶܼ޸㣬ĸܵ㣬ȥɡ
⼸Ѿֳ֪ٴˣյƢȻǲֳͺеߣֱһ취ûС
ʹսȭͷΪ涼𣬺һŷſ侲ᶨ˵ֳⱲӾҵˣ
֮˶û˵ֳƴӣ΢һ֮ҲѧŬֺԼİĹֳûидһ뵽ǰ飬־ǻá
ݵȾǵĻҪɣϾǷأطҲ󣬵ȴû֣սžͿּҴҵ˹ɫܲÿүС㣬
ֳܵ˲ͬѰϢԵĽ򫣬ȴɫ糣ܿ⼸ԽѾǸԭнη
һͬȥ˻ȳһֳȴֳʼ࣬ţֿʼ潪򫱧ƽүǶôС㣿ôһ㷴ӦûУ
Ϳɶǵ˵ˣҪϵʲôʱЩżˡ
ݣѾм̫ʦϣ⼸ϵЩˣϵ˥ϣˡͺʧȥûʲôͷֳۣҲ޿κΣϾĲ
ȻҲǲ״̬ãóˣֻʱǰһЩ
һͬŶһӢϣһ赺ϵһԣʮֵĵǶԣͻϲĲУֻ̲סţʲôʱܿ˳أ
ֳĽᣬһղȥһվû취ܶӡ
ԵˣͰ˳˵Ǳߵġ
һɫֳĲУһֱ쳤߿ȻҲע⵽ˣʶľͳֳб˹ȥԿݡ
ԭ뵽ϵݾ;ļ٣㷴Ӧ˼Ŀ˼ִĸ֮ɫ
ݵֳһԭ򫲢ûǰ뾩̫˺ģڽڼ䣬ı˻ʵۣʵ¶һΣͳ˾ǣ̫ѾûвҲǻʵ۸һò˭֪̫Ȼ¶·
ԭʵ۲Ǳ̫˶һֱಡ齡
׼ô
ȻţҲǻʵ۵ּ뾩ࡣ
ֳ磬ͲǱµֻּ̫µӡ
˵ҵײҶ֪֮ңþ㱾ʵʵĴݣᰲ𣿡˽ʲôֳ¶ǵɫﶼģ̲ס͵
ֳ⻰֪ˣҪˣֻڵȴһѣ˻ʵ۵ּ͸绢ˡ
ô
ȻҲ֧µģ˵治ĶȻıԼףҲϸ˽̽Ϊӵĵ
Ը壬ʲôģǹȴһ˵ʵͽ򫼫Ϊ
ĶǳѸ٣վͼ˱ʿ׼ȥоˡ
ֳ磬Ϊʲôּ£ɣǹһЩ
Ҫѱ¾ȳĿֳϴθҵľӣһЩ𣿡
ֳ׽˼Ǵĵĳ뻹Ҫһµʱ䣬Ҳ̫ӵ鱩¶ֱº֣뾩Ͳᵢʱ䣬ѻʵ۾ȳ
ԭдĽһֱĺ֮ˣǴʲôʱʼҲѪ⣿ز꣬ȴѾշģݵ˶ʮֵƳ罪򫣬սƽܵķͽðǰҵܻط⼸ݵĸпֱƾǵķˡ
ֳҴҵܽȥһоҩӣһЩõҩݸʱȴͻȻ˻ѹԼؿڣһ
ֳûӦͼѾſԼǵȥμΪߴ䣬Ӱӡ
Ҳ֪ôֳͻȻ;һģЩԺ
ߺֳʱȥ飬Ҳȥˣ˴û򫣬еĵȴȥ˼գͳ˼أֳǵȻЩģǾȻҲˡ
ȴΪˡ
лҪ˵Ҫдһ¡

 84 

ѩʼ, ¶յϢٳûϢ, Ĳȴʼ
ԭΪĲ, ʱغĲѣڰסˡ
ֳд󼱣ͰԼһ㣬Ȼϣٰܳ, ˭֪ⲡա
д˺üӼŹȥȴͬʯһûѶʱͨ, 뾩, һһؾҪµʱ䣬ʱûлظҲǳ֮С
ֳ粽, Զ˲ˮιҩչһֱֳЩֶĵŷˡ
ڼһҩ裬ûжϹɾȴȻ޼£һѣȥʱҹһ´ϡ
ò֮ˣܿǿ⣬ֻһյƣƵӳٺɫĹڴ, ԽԵݣɫƣֳׯֻ̬ʹĲС
ǣ֮˲࣬ȴΪһ˵һʼǴĿĽӽٺѹ½Ըˡ
ֲһʯĳˣûио
һͬµ̫ҽʩ룬һͻ˹ֻû֮ǰĹʡ
żܣֳĵǵĿͣһȻЦȴֻǳ˳ǣȻ̫ûˣȻ˴⡣
һ֮ǰʹ޹ȴֵĺۼʰĸɸɾģϻǡôЦݣ˿žʮֵ˵үûյţûϢء
ֻĿȻŴ⣬ֳ⣬˵ȥĸϲ軨
ѾǺܿͰѲ軨˽Ȼϵɫͻࡣ
ϣֳôҲ˯ţһ·ȥԺӡ
ϸĽŲֳһͷͿ㲵ĿعͷһӾ̲ס˳Ҵصš
С㣬øɣȥ
ֳģĸؾˡڵ뾩ǵ˻ֳȴǿ塣
ԭȻͻʵۻ˴మǲûعںã˵Ѿ̫ıϵκ񣬲ǿԵĺͯ԰
ԭУǰȻĻţûôͲš
ֳʧߵʱ򣬲ų˯˹ȥֻû˯þͱ˽ˡ
С㣬үţ
ֳĴżһǽּᾢƻѾе֮ݾ˵Ѿȳ˻ʵۣ׽ͼɱ̫һѾƿУչ˺̫ҽҩϾ͸ˣǱ߰ͻ̽
һֳ֪Ǳ߿϶߲ȻأТ˳Ҳš
ǰ˰Ӽͻģ滹̫ҽ̫ҽٶȱϾǲܸʹȣҪ²ܸϹ
ֳͲ̫ҽκϾҩ趼û취
ڽܼܲʱϻȲ˵ܲھǻҲֻİοðɡ
Ĳҩҽڿֻһ취
̫ҽߺֳȥң˵ˣǲı֮£֪ʧ㣬ĸӦǷ˰ɣ֪ʵѾȳ϶ʱɣֳֵĸűһھǣԮȥæûк֮ǣվͶȥǰɣ
ֳʵЩȷǿȻһӾͼס֣Ҫ֪ϲŭɫˣٻ¶̬
ܿ죬¶Ȼɫⲡȥǣ˵ҾҶҪи⣬͸˵ҵᵽȪɽǸׯȥ
ĸ
ɫڻָյĳȣƺղŵļֳĴΪ룬ĸܸˣ͹ˡ
ֳһʱ˵Ұ׵Ĳݣͬһܡ
ߵ棬ǮֵһȽ裬ֳһڣ¶ȸոպã̲ס¶̬һһֱǮҲһ
ֳԺϣȥ
һӾǴĻԭеҶѾЩƣƺԤʾʲôǮֳּǻ̲סʮֵģֳҪȥǰɣ
ֳȻ֪ǮֵĹǣ֪ȥΨһϣҪΪµξͷ
Ƭֳ̣ͻȻվ˵ʰȥұ磡
Ǯ־
ʽȨգ֮ˣĸûҪҲĸ
˵ģǽԼҲû˵˰ؾȥֳһ˼ʲô
Ǯֳֵǰ棬ȴЦЦǸΪ˹Ϻӣƽϵĺӣʹׯ󷽣ʵϻΪ޷ȣÿֻܼӪӪֺԡ
ڵֳȴѾҹеȡ
ǮֺȻ͸оԼסѾõԼҪĶʶѾԵǳˡ
ֳǮ¶ͬͼ䣬ͿǮֺܿ͹ĵͷ˵Щū׺ūԼı֣ūԽˡ
ϵʱԼõĶ˹ŲֳЦ˽ɵСŮĵ˵ĸؾˣֲһһͬǰȥɡ
ͻȻ̾¶˸ӵɫǺοأ
̻ؾɲһ򵥵飬Ҫ˵ţҪ׼ҩģȻ·϶ҩɾͲˡ
ʹֳһ̲ͣİţųŵʱˣһʼ̫ҽʮֵĲģֳִ̫ˣǵſվȻ˯˱ջҪȣҲ˼֡
·ϵĲߵ̫죬Ͼвˣͣͣģ֮ǣĲȻתȴûм񻯡
ֳҲһӿ˽ٶȡ
·ϣֳ֪̫һ׷ϳǣ⼸򫴩СЬĳӣֳţЩ˲һı¼ֻǽ򫲻Ըˡ
ҲӲ֤ˣѾǣҲֳ˲١


       85 

뾩ʮ·, ֳͿ˽򫡣
ʱںҪҪȥйһ, ϾǸ·, Ҳƣ, ˳ɢɢġ
ʵҲȥֵ񻯣û˵Ӧˡ
ֳ֪ᰴͲסǰû뵽Ѹ١
⻹ֳͽ⼸ֿõһ, ֳԭΪԼ޶ԣдŲɫеĳ彣ǵ߹, ͦ, ·;Ϸ糾ͣմȾҳ, ԵǱżµĲɣԽԳֳϢ
ɽһȣ޶˵˼
ֱߵǰֳⷢģȻ˽򫣬о, 漴, ݸһЦ, Цͬѩȥ֮ĴհĿ
ôˣ
ɤ, ԴƣɳƣֳȻԾغգղĿС¹ײһĪɬǲڣ˵磬ĸڵء
ϵЦݶʱȥɫأ̲סǵʵôˣ
ֳҲҵڵĻ⣬˵Ĳ飬һ·˵⻰ߡ
ǽסһıԺԺĹܼ֮ǰŶʹɨɾǱҪãڽȻЩª
üͷż˽ȥϣһ̶ƵİӣؾȴԵʮֵĵ壬ȥɫԴŲݣĿ̬Ȼڷһŵġ
ֳڽߣһ۾鵽ӣϵãΨһ˿Щ˰ñѹĵ͵ͣݣֱֻͦԳڲͬ
ТˡھԶľֱӹԵʮֵھΡ
ȻǻϲģȻҲû뵽ô磬æҪξòʹһ˲Ҳһȵֳæǰһͬţס
ʱֳע⵽ǸڽվһѹñӵӣȻЩżһƺҪôɲǣֳڿݡ
ֳһԭ˲Ǳˣǻʵۡ
תһ룬־֮Уأʵֶ飬ȻŽһֻ֮ͬǰҲǲأôõô죿ֳôһ룬ҪϸȴѾֻص˽󣬹صվţͷ˿Ȼȴǹ᾽ľ
ͷſһûϴĸײ
ֵݹĲˮι˼ڣȴϷſ򫣬ʲôģơ˵žҪȥ׽Žֱۡ
Ӧȥϴġ
ֳ˵ĸһ·ӾǸϹƣˡ
Ȼĸײ۶ӵģ֮ǰ᲻ý򫣬ضֳ˵ˣȥɫһƣϾҶͿˣϽȥϴˣúúһȲ裬Ъһٹ
ֳչ˭֪ȴǱ򫺰˳
ֳ߳ȥ۽ǵ⿴ǸŽߵĸǰȻ㵲ŵݡ
Ȼȫˡ
ֳĬĬ˳Ĳлʵ۵Ľ֣֪˲һˣһμˣ˵ꡣ
ִŽȥ᷿ϴΪ֮ǰû׼㣬ԵЩִ٣ֳһֱһֱʽʳϲãһ˵ȥ˳
Թ˷ǱҲûκεϢֳǺ棬־ȥ̽Щʧ񣬱ϾⱾһΪص飬ҲͲȥˡ
ֳΪ˾ñط꣬Ǿ֮ǰĲҲʵйأһο϶һӣҲҪɣҹͿѾֳҲʶǸߵģѰԲϲƽʱĿĹֻû֮ǰЦһ࣬С㣬ˡ
˵ʲô
ֳҴҵѣ͸СѾһߣʵѾ˺ܶĻˣüζΣһξȻĪľ
ֳԺͿƻͨûȥͿֿӭ˳С㣬ǡ
ֳһ첽ߣͿɫҰ׵ڴϣڴϣĸ׵֣ϵıʹֳ̣ˣ̲ס
ֳʵ۾Ȼö֮ڴϣϵɫֳ֪ôݣȻûпޣʵȿ޻ҪѿȫȻҡ
и⡭ֳ϶ԭǲеĻʵҲӦͦȥˡ
ˣֳ֣ɫͰͬǰκʱһ㣬ݳ谮Ǹ
ĸ
ֳûסȦ˽Աߡ
¶۰Цѵסҿ첻ˡ
ģĸֳ̲ס૵ʵѾˣһԣֻûҵĲС
ˣֻǷĲǡ
˲ֳϵۣ㲻ǺϲǵȪɽϵլӣĸ㡭ֳţĶܼȻȽ٣ֻðٸнĸҲҪ
ͱ䲻һи÷Ǽ޵ңģһˣǺĸǲ㡣
ĸֳΪ˵ͽ飬ֻ̽úչֳû˵ʲôˡ
˵໰¶ƣֳ̬ͽ򫶼˳ֳȻᣬҲ໰˵֪ʣµʱʵ۵ġ
ֳվڱ棬ҹղ˳֮ǰŻʵ۵Ŀ⣬û֮ǰĮЦļΪᣬһаŮһ㣬ǻʵЩһοЦݰɣģ߳ڻʵʹĳ
һ󽾰׻ǶʧԼİ顣
뿪ǺʶԼʵۣû취ؾۣϾ֮ŵ̫ˣֻѡȥǶһֽѡ
Կ򫰲Ȼٴοʵۣһ棬ȴԸڳŲסˡֳ뾩ͻʵЩ档
ˡߴԴΪոտ޹Ŀ˸УĽֳʮֵ⣬Ϊûм
ĸźûܹȢӡ
ֳͷȻ˵ⱲӾȢ㣬ĸҲ֪Ϊ㣬Ѿǰ淢ģԲ㡣
ֳԾʲôʱ򣿡
֮ǰ
ֳû뵽Ȼزղźòסıˣ̲סʵʵǡ
Ϊβ޸ңѵ㻹ˣ
ֳ֮ǰˣ⼸Щ뷨ˣرǸʱ䣬Ͳʶͽܵϵһ𣬶һϵˣ֮°ѣҪˣҲòȥ
ֳҡͷĿɣֵ޸ңĸװĵߣʲôҪҶӦ㡣
У
ΪΣĿҪ˲ǣ޸˻߼޸ʲôĿ
ĸĹҵġ
ʱѹֳ˺ü̧ͷȦ죬ԵЩǱƣ㡣
ǽģģ⻹ֳһοôˣͲˣһʱ֪˵ЩʲôҪܾĻɤ˵
ʲô㣬㲻ԲǾ͸Ҫ⣬Ǿͼ
޸֮һܼЩ˲Ҫֳҡͷ
ֳǻæ͵ǰ˵ŮҲԶ鿼٣ĿͿˣ
ֳɴ۾Ž򫣬ȴɫʮ棬Ҳ㣬¾У˭ңֻҪ룬Ҿ
⻰̫ˣֻҪһֱŮֳˣҲվǲ׵ģǽ˵ˣǵʵô˵ֳĶǰǽ򫣬ǣһͱ߸֮ˣҪȻǿܵġ
ͻȻֳһɫˢףͻȻסֳ֣ʮֵ㣬ﰲĵ߰ɡ
ֳҲ֪ôȥҡ
˹ȥʩιҩæ˺һͨ˹ȴү³Ųˡ
ֳ֪ͽ׵ʱϴɫ漴ѽߣֳ֣úӣĸ֪ΪҸˣҪТ˳ңԼԹֿ࣬»ҪҸԼϲ˲ǣ㲻ίԼ
ֳߵһ˵ȫǱһƵģǿ㣬һӾ;ԼǶԵģһĸȷʵʵ޸ģͬΪã޸ΪʣһŮˣûĸӻ
û뵽ֳ˵ôֱס
Ҳǹͣ˵вòֶһһģЩ겻˵߱˵ǸŮˣĸӬܽ
ֳ˵ɣ̲סεЦѽʱ˵
ֳȴɫĸҪиû˹ˣ޸粻ٸ־ݣдҪǱҲãк롣

ֳСһ㣬ĸҲһذɣд־ݡЩû취˵ƣҪǸλõģ˻ʵۣҲ̫󣬶־ݾ͵ּܲˡ
Ĭ˺һŵл㡣սֳ֣Ŀ⺢ӣҿǷ̫ˣ̻࣬Ψûн̻ȥԼϲŮӻġֻϣϧһλᣬ͸д
ˣȻ˴ʣʵ˾ȻǻʵۣһֱĬд꣬˽¸ˣֶŻʵ˵Ҳһ
ʵĿ˳ӵó£ȥ
˱µ£ʥּˣȻͬúãҪίԼ
һдӼûл˺ɫǰأǳˡ
ȴԸߵĺܰ꣬˯ߵģʵһֱңֳͽȴԲ֮ǰ򫱣֤ǰ㣬Ծȥڡ
賿ֳԺбѣȦвѪ˿Ӧһû˯ֳʵҲ˯ţ˯ȥûãܣȴˡ˵ȴ
̵ֳֻһŻҲ̲סᣬ˱һޡ
ΪԸᣬԸ˱𴦣ʵһֱûߣ֮ĹǰþòȥȻȰȥˣǵҹ˾Ҳˡҵ˻ʵۣĹǰӣѾˡ
ֳв֪ʲôζֻѹ˺ܾá

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ƪ
ȥ֮, ֳ˺þò߳
򫵹Ҳŵ, Ȼ, ȴûסһ, һӣܿ˳, ֮תͷʹ˼Ĺˣ֮Ȼء
ֲȣȻæÿնֳţʱֳԸ⣬Ϳ˵, ĸˣʣˡ
ֳ֪ʲôʱѧ˿ǲò˵, ʹ, һ뵽ȥҲû취ܾˡ
ٺʵ̫æ, ʱܼһ棬ֳ˵æҹ˯
ֳҪȥӣ͸˵Ҫɢɢģ򫿴ֳЩѻ, ȻʮֵҪԼ, ͬ, ʿȥɡ
ʿǽһȵĻŽģսףӦóܷ⣬ȴΪҪֳȴʱû취ܷ⣬ȻЩñ˶ھһչ֣ȴҪֳΪҲ޿κΡ
Ŵ·Ȼܺڵĸ·ȣһʼֳǺпҩ˼;Ȼκˡ
˷ʹ࣬ȥߣ;ɽ׳ģˮģȤģɫʮֵˣļֱֺȻǰиȨĽ㱧ţū澣Ȼˡ
ͣͣģյźվ͵ļգʲôʱһȥݣһתѾȥһʱˡ
ȻʱȥһˣֳǾЩʹŮڴԽˡ
ǮֵڿҪʰң
ȥɡֳ
ǮֿһȻȻȤȵϼеİȣʹҲŹӡ
ֻ뵽Ĵţ̲סü͵͵Ŀֳֳ̧ͷǮֵߣĸоʲô飬ʵ֣£
ǮָæҡͷûУҹЩϢɡ
ǽЪ˻Ҳڵı뾩ǲµ·ֳ̣ϲĲȣθСÿγһͱˡ
һ뵽Ҫˣֳȥһ˻¥ɡ
Ǯ̲סεЦôô
ֳЦѾ߽ѣʿһֱֳᶨ򽪳򫱨ֳ٣⼸Ӳ̫׼˯ֳҪȥ¥üͷ壬һŵԡֻǵ׻֪Լְڣ£׼ųȥ
¥èͬ磬ӵֳŲ̫ˣҲǼѾߣǮ֣мʮˡ
ҪݣȷʵҪעⰲΣ
ȵ󣬽򫲢ûϳƵۣһֱȰڣղŴҪǻϢֳӦڼ֮Ҳĸһֵ
¥ҵȻֳݣǿƷװ;ò򵥣Ҫ˵ʲףʮֵĹҪЩʲô
ϴǵѬ֪ûУ
شѩɽҰζڶ࣬¥ҰζǰԤҲƷһƷġ
ֳƫƫϲߵѬѬҲһֶصĹζ塣
еġ
ƹӰСѵֻǱɺ׾ӵĿ˶ˣ
Ǿ˵ûˣȹߡ
ǻƼѾ͹ȥˡ
ƹҲͷѬ̸ӣÿֻʮֻͲȻֳֺҲ֪û취ˣֻӲͷƤȥ˵
ֳҲֲˣȻϧϾ͵ƹĲģȥˣҲε顣
ƹǸ⣬˶һݶ
ԭΪôȥˣ˭֪ͻȻиѾ߹Ҽ˵Ŀ˺ϲˣȻ򿪸һȻ֮ǰ˵Ѭ
ֳЩ֣ʵ˭ɷϵңܾһĻƣһ˵磬ѾδҲ֪ǲԼĴ
Ҽ˵ڲ棬ʹסںδҪŰݷá
ֳȴϵĵǲˣϾҪ뿪˵ˡֲǮѬлˡ
ѾһӾʹˣƬ̲ŵūȥҼˡ
Ѿ߳ȥƬ̣һˬʵЦȻһϤֹ骣δѽ
ֳѾ߿ţȻͿϤݣ骣Ҫ࣬һΪص̦ɫ޲ۣȴ̬ѣĿ䣬ʲס
ûˡ ֳ̾˵
һĬ˰죬˵Ҫǽ룬˻֪ߵʲôز᲻ҲЩķһ㣬ÿͣͷܴβ͡
㻹ˣֳѬ̲סʵ
骾豭һڣûС
ֳ㻹⣿
⴩
ֳЦˣ骣ɻӡ Ҳ˱˴˵ľ롣
骺ֳлҳϺ֪Ծо˷һͬ˾¥
պС꣬骴̴ӹɡչȻͰֳڵˮֳΪдһܵʶֵҪӣҪؾˣʹ˱ɡ
骵ĿͻȻɡֽӲ£ǻȥ𣿡
ȻԶˣֳû˵ͽˣȻʱ룬ʱݵأǱϾǴӦܵû𾴡
Һ ֳĻû˵ͱ骴ϣ֪Ҫ𣿲վ;еǻ䣬ʺ󣬶λʺĹ
ֳһ㶣һʱǾеɡɡڵϣֱˮϣ˹ʲô
кεۣͻȻקסֳǰҵĻ߰ɣˡ
ȷſ
ҲҲˡҧгݵ˵
ʱи˺ſ
һȻһ彣˻ͦģϾ͵ Ȼ㣿¾ȻΪʲôҪӭȢµĻʺ󣿡仰⣬ÿһ仰Ѫܵġ
ʿȻ֪£ͣ£ȴֺãӣԣȻݹҲˡ
ڽʱʿҲм֮Ե
骹Ȼſֳֻȴʿ֣ȻǱߵˣȻ֪´ɣ˵λ»ʺĹòˣʮϲء
ӣʿֳֿ̲ס
ֳڻ񣬵˵ģ
ʿֵͷһŵǡ
ʵʿһʼֳᷳԼСã䱣һŮӣȥսɱǸֳһƽ׽ˣҲǼΪܵ޼ӣһȥģҲ˹С
ŵϣֳſȸ磬׼̣骣ôҵ
ֳȴͷҲ̧˳ڹˣҲģǡһ˹
ʻֳÿӣɡ骣û뵽骵ڻû̲סʹĻ˻֡Ϊֳ¶Цɡ£ӳվţȾһ˿˳ֳƮݣõһ
ֳȻ;ЩᣬֻϧעԵ޷֣Щ˾Ǵˡ
·ֳͣͣӿʼ𾪽ʺ飬ĴݣȻ֣Ӧ飬ԭʶ;ý򫻹ǻбŮ
𽪳Ǽľͳ飬˵ֳûиоǼٵģǻЩǶԱڵ龰һЦ
ֳ֪Ҫ򫻹רӭֳԽԽľǣʼ뾩֮龰ȻʱǨĸо
ֳյ˾ǽʮͤ⣬ͷͣÿӿǮֵ˵빬ġ
ֳŵĿ죬Ǿ߰ɡ
ϹǶӡ
ֳüͿǹ˵Ҳ֪ǹеĹأֻ˽ӡ
˹УһлǺǰһƺЩһˣһΪЩӣһĻΪʵҪ飬ϲģ˺ʽ
ֳ˴԰ǵΪϲ÷࣬ȴǿˣȫĵ
Ȼ֪߲ǻЩԶЦ ֳһ̧۾ͿųĽŮ˵ŮΪȻݣ񻣬Ͷ֮¡
ֳÿ֪϶һλòŮӡ
˵ֳʵ֪ˣҲϲ˽򫣬һ̾Ȼζ
Ǵӽ׿ʼȻʵﻹǰԺ˰ɣֳү
һͷͿֳԵŮʵүֱ𣿡Ů˵⻰ֳһЦüˮˣһʮֵĻϲ
û˵ͿŮŷ۹үǸƳַۡ
ֳʲô׵ģȻͼ̲סһЦүϲֵģԺҪסӿˡ
ɫʮֵĲÿˣò׻ؾ͸˵
ֳүݹأﷱæͲˡֳԽ˵Խ˳ӿʼļٵĮ˵ҲȽ򫷴Ӧתͷˡ
ֳԽԽ죬԰ļɽȻһŻС·ʯ壬ʮֵƽȣ֮ǰʯС·С
ֳǰţһ߳԰ſſһͬǰ̴ӣֻһͷͿ򫣬ԵЩܻȻǼҴҸģ٣
һȥʲô
Ȼˣ׽ֳļԼǷô죿˵㲻ͱһܰٹٹԺҪĸµˡ
ңҪ֮˲ǸľС㣿ǸղǸŮӰɣ
ں˵ʲôã⺰˵˵飬ԺҲӦԣϾԺˡ
ң
ֳŷӦ˹˵ľС㣿
ȻԺǻʶҪи˵ùȥҰɡ
ֳףΪˡҲ˳˳ĿԵʺֻӦûô򵥣ֳɫ˱䣬ۣҳãүҲ޿ɺǣֻүǹģϢҾе飬ҪôͻȻһִ飬ΪΣΪ̽ˣڿǱˣ
ֳǰ飬һӾˣ棬Ҳûлˣǽ̽رĶͲ򫣬¾ˣˡ
ֳˣ򫼱һӾͱסֳҪѣšһˣ̲סһҧڽֱϣݺֱҧѪҲûſֺסˣ̧ͷȥ򫡣
ϵӲʧʹ࣬˵߾ߣһҲдŸ㣬ҲǼ²Żһ⣬Ҿһֳûģ
ֳķ˵ȴͻȻͷļϣ˴Сӣ˵ҴˣԺҲˣôôԭһοɺãģֻҪߡ
ֳоؿ½ʪˣǽˮʪģ˵ãһһң̫ӣǲ֪Ϊʲôȴ˵ڡ
һǿӲżһֱԾܾοǳӲ
ԺĺòãĪҪˡģȴʮֵĽӲʾĽ
ֳ˵ſӶǸղŮӵˮһʱò˵Ļȴǣк檡
¶ϲɫȻһҪʲôˣ⼸йˣ
ֳһ뻹ǣŮɫû뷨һֱء⵹ǡ
̲סЦ˵һӾͰֳ
ֳһʱŵĸϽס˽Ĳȴĵӣһһ˵㿴ǵĻ鷿һϲԲ˺þã
ģ棬ֳŽβ˵ã̲ס룬ɣվûӹģֻţҲ̲ס¶Ц
ǣԪ꣬ڻʵ۵ǻͬպͻʺһͬ˰ٹٵĹݡ
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