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1 ߾
лҪ˵
СɰʹְɣϾдôҲס
ƪġ밮ԼҹˡۣͷźڷۣС񣩵ճ·СרССղ12·ȡģ
Ԫǰ240ꡣ
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һгŹ񣬷ɿʻɽȼСɳ·ǵøӼȡ
ģҪ̫Ӽ˷ԹǰعΪʡδմ꣬ٵ³٣ֻøС·
ʱǰһʿ۷ͳＸ䡣
ͳ˼Ƭ̣̫ʵ棺£ݳرǰ׹¡˴߽Ϊߵأ·խľӲݴɲŶУΪ֮ĩΪڴפһҹʿ㾫·Щ
ͳĵǲ޵Ͼֵˮ٣ٵͻ⻬ʵ졣
̸䣬һȹŮɴڵ̫΢΢̽ͳ̸
̫ӼǸδڵɣ촽棬ǣü͸һ˿˲ײĳơ
סѽƻ裬˴ҹǱߣһعڣﰲȫöࡣȥȫнһҪǰͨ׹¡ն
ͳΣֻհ졣

´̿ϵӲУĿꡣ
ĳע֮֮Բڶֻ֣Ҫмȫ-̲ж
һ˵Ҫм䣬ԱʱѸٻԮ
Щ񣬲ǵĿꡣ
ʿֻǵҪֻǸ˵
ù-׼һͷĺ´̿ɨһ̿һۣǸ̿ѧС


ŮƬ̣̲סʵ׼ϾʱΨһ顭ʱҲҪΪԼ
ĿԣҲֻۣǷһײ̾ݸ˵ʲôΣҶԻƽ̨ΪȣԴΪȡ
ƽ̨Ϊɲ֮ʵȴϸ֯ԭ߹֮Ī鱨ıʿΪԷͷʢʱ֮Ӳ϶֮Ӱɱģŷʧܸա˺֮Ӽλƽ̨ԼĻ֮ҲĴһһΪ֪ա
ڻƽ̨ƹߣ˵һλس˵ߵıʿ˵ϲԼ
Ϊϸ֯ƽ̨ڳϸ֮⣬һİϸִ񣬰ɳȥӺͱϸศɣΪߡ
ߵŮݸһϸи̫ǰعĿԲ򵥡
أǾ쵽ʲô˫͵Եݸһ䣺ûʲô
ݸͻĻŪеͷԣûа
漴ҲӦղŵȷʵйŹ֡
³б䣡˵ţŮһͬ
ǻû־ʲô״̫ӵµҲһ䱸
ɽϵĺ´̿Ͷʱɵۣ-ֳٳûжղŵźŷӲǵټ˿̵ȫɥʧͻϮĴʱ
ɽ²ԶƸߵ㣬-ֻԤżƣһδΪʱǽԱһʬȻһ㡣һϸˣû˻ΪѾ
ģͷĺ´̿˾䣬漴˵ȣ֮ϧһдۣɱ̫ӣ
˲䣬סϦ

д¼öˣȴһʱδͷʲôҪԼ˵һʼ˽䱸Щ̿͵ίʵ̫ãͿ˾綾Ƭ̼Ĺ򣬳ӵѾ뵹أҽ˷
˴ƫƧ̣Ȼš
н겻֮ԽԽŨзڶ˵ãԤı˴еĲͨ޷սپʱһƱزǶ֡
鷳ǣ˭Ҳ֪Щ̿ͻ᲻ỹеڶ
뵽⣬彣ˮġʹṦԺɱ󣬺⽣âһ˼нתͬʱַһţ߿һˡһʱ䵶⽣Ӱ´̿ͽӶһƬ
ͻϮ˲أ־ʱ̫ӵԼսܵ裬ʿ񣬷ɱС
̿û뵽⵽˼ҵ翹ٳٲܵ֡
ڹԼ֮ʣһڹͻȻԼı֣
Сģ˵ʱʱ죬ݸתԼһͬʱһӣзɳжԷţ
ֻһ촦Ĳϱ˺
̫ӾȻŮˣǰһĻͷĺ´̿𾪲ѣڳеʿ̫ͬӵĻҲ
ʶػס죬ĵ⡱
ͷĴ̿ͳ˼֮ʣͻȻѣжæԽص
չһֽ⧲Ӷ󡭡
ΧȦСǰбʿأݸųһͷ̿͵ߣûΧһԡ
ݸ˵¿Щûд֡
ĿСٶȿ죬̫䱸ƥмеǧԣǰϵع߾ĳǳأܻΪģΪ֮Ҳֻ˲пվ
һг룬ݸǡ
²ԥ˵ǲģֻĽܣӦݸ⿪Ȱ˵˾䡣
ΣݲǣͷȫԼҪӲƴǻϡ
·ģֲʿȻಫݸЦ
ô˵ȻǾݸЦ˾ζ
ݸԼĻ˵Ϊܣؽֱ齣ۡ
ݸˣһˡ
ʱɽɫްӼȫû
ͷĺ´̿ۼĿӣֱһܹȻԲмʹܾ֮һǰ㣬ˤ
Ǵ̿ͷת̤һԾ𣬳ֱָ
£ݸ󺧣κΧҲǷ-
ʱ·ͣصһ̣潻֯İ׹⣬ȾѪϦԼŨҵѪ

޷磬߲Ӱȴҡ졣
һƬССҶǰתɹһ⣬ͷ̿͵Ĳ
ͫӳзĺ⣬ֻǺâͣյ֮࣬û˶źͷ˲Ұɫٿ㵹Ϣɢڿ
Ӱ涣һִ⣬̤һѪݱ¶ݡ
̿ͿͷĪɱʱ۾תһӵϡ
һ·ӹͣ˵ء
ûвҽУûб໥ײ̽-ҲûС̿ͷʱϢ
ԭһߵľ˵ĳֶ̼תʹЩֲʿҲûһԷʽֻ֪˳죬ǸУ˽ꡣ
һ´̿ͣ˱ڼǰ΢𣬼

¡Ϻ΢ĺѪ۵ͳ˶ǣһֲֻΡΡ򼧵
âһͳմѪش¡
սʵľ̲סʣͳҵĻһ·Ϳ໤ȫΪɱ
Ůݱ¶Ҳ֪֮ܵ˶ϵ˵ţĿӹԵݸ
æСŮԼ󣬽͵ݸԼˡ
ҲδֻǼ˵´̽ǰвٴ̿͡Ϊװ磬ǰ


2 

¹ϡһҾͬŵһǳľ
ͱвͬǣ¹쵱ĲǾƣƲˡ¹⡣
иĵĹأǼҵ¹ٻһҲֻ಻ʮݣڲˣɱļǮҲУֻܵȵڶ졣
ˣȥ¹ϳԷƷƲˣǮУǰԤ
λͣ룡Ļڵкλˡ
ǰŷȻδڣɫ彣һ˫üĿȴдżһ˿ԳǷӢˣעĿĪŵһڴ󽣡
˵˶¥żȺʱû磬ȴӭС
Ԥ¹⣬λáϲ˵ٶȺܿ죬ƱϾƺͲˡ
ʳһ򿪣˱ǣ̲סθڴ󿪡
Ҫ꣬Ȼ¥һȺΧһ̸̸۵ֱָ̫
˵̫귽ˣòסһ˾˵üɫ裬ȴһ˴ϡ
ȥȥȥ֪˵˵϶ʮſˣ귽ˣ
ϣ֮ǰ˸¿ӣһмЦعֻ֪ǵˣӲ֪ʲôϣϯ䣬˵ҲЦֹ
ϡس˳ǡ
곤ЩӲСΪ˳¹Ⱑ
Ȼǣ˿ӵ䱦¹ϵ¹⡢޺¥ĸ貢ơڿ䱦¹⣬ǡ
δ䣬һס̧۱һ˫īŨü΢Сʱˣǳ극ͻع
ڣ˵˽ҳ𣿡һҪȥˣԶţ
ǴӦ䣬û˵һ졣ο޺¥ʲôطҪǱϳԼҪҿɾˡڱ˵ָָԼıӣΪȴְأξ³˵ȴҿɵ𡣡
ƲƲ죬һȤ

һҹ棬ѽǰ
ǰפسŵر˼ݸһ·ΣѰʲô
ϾͽˣġȺУСŮһѡ
ݸֿ˿ΧȻԼ˵µİȫôǶˣӰûƼ
ǰȻ׳ڴ֮ͥ£Σ಻ʱ֣˵ٻ԰ȫġ
˵꣬ݸͷ˵öԣյģЩ̿ҲûǸӡ
Сʻ괬ͨؿ󣬼ͷһ۳ŵķüͷɵ
λڰ˰شأμˮУΪعĶǣ䲻ǰ㷱Ҳʮ
ݸһǣӱֹסؿʼ飬۾Ҳ̲סֱʳĵ̺̯
̰ɣͿ쵽ˡקק䣬ݣûгԵô
ݸ̾˿ձĶӣֻǿԼŤͷȥЩġȻƮڿеʳζȴ޷ӡζĲܣ
Ϊ˱ٴϮװҹ·ûˣʣµ·ȫУ߲ݣɶǾǼһȻ˵ʲôԶʱ䣬Ұûֱ̿ͣٳһֶ
ǣṦһҹһ·ֻ˰ˮпտյݸ࡭¿಻۲಻ǲܶӣζ̫ˣʱ˿̣֧ǰĪ༧Ǿ仰ݣʲôԵĶСԣټһ¾ˡ
Է飬ݸ֮һ·϶ٹֵȷݵڵء
ˣ¡ݸǺȻʲôƵģЩŹְΪֻ˶ߵĳţûս𣿾ڴ̣ͨǹرгʵ𣿡
㷢ˣһ·Ҳųԣӿɽ̣٩ݸļ硣
ʵڳſʱ㷢ΣֻΪ̫ӵ˿̼ڽʹﵽУϾЩ⡣
˽̸䣬ĳھǰһСĳ֣ݱϡ
Ͼʱ˵С·˷˼ҵһ֮½˲˵ƳڣӸˡ
ע⡣һ߶ݸʹ˸ɫһ̽彣Ȼɫ
ݸͷʾףôǾƽ̨רҵѵģ㾯еġ
һǰһӿ첽ۿӭһһһܽǵС߬һɽ髣ͼʱС֪ôˤһӡ
ݸǰ̫ӵûͷһȴԷǺӡ
ݸ֪˵ʲôãÿһ̶һ˿Σգһ²֪ܲȻʱˣȻȥˤС˵˵ȥ»̫
뵽⣬ݸȻ۵ɴֻǸӱ󣬺ԼЦһ£ͬʱɽ髵ľǩ䲻Ŵ
һܵһƫͷû뵽һǺССǰһԣȻ
ݸƽƽȴʹһֺðոҲҿۼֿ졣
ʱݸȹܵԣûüڣذ-彣һ֪ⲻһɱ
ȻղŻݵĲ˷Ӻ·ͻȻȫ˿ڣˢˢӿΧס
ʱ·ӦٳٶۣҲ֪һԤıĶˣԷʹŵгָƣҶ༧·Ҳ൱˽⣬֪Ȼἱڸ·ʶһֻ͡ߵĳţҲǼƻõġ
˿ӳڱ£˳ȥߵҲ
̫Ӽٱ߸ͻϮ˵Ǽҳ㷹ҲֲˣֻҪʮбܲԷʵȻϵǣһεĶָһȣʵڲ̫ԶκЭƾһ֮ɽ̿ȫ͵ؽ
ˡһ֪Ƕ֣ҧ鶾ݸ̽Ϣ̶ҡҡͷ
΢΢̾ϢһЩûڣҳЩ֪Ӧڵġ
ͻ-ȻԱΪϡ˵ˣ˭뵽ⲦôˡݸԸոϮ֮¸еѽ⡣
ֻһĳšסĲ˳Ի˵溢ͯαװС˵ɱ֡ôһĲ߻Ľɱǣ˭ܽһôô£
ݸ˼⣬վڶļȻɫ䣬ֽԱһƣ
ʯһ˲һӰӹٶȿó桭ֻϡԷŻɴңǽһ㣬ʱһתֱָʺ
̵һ˲ϴʱбæӦս
ͻȻĴ̿;ֻһ˼еļִ˳ȿֺݶת֮䣬жת졭Զ׼Է۽ṦԶԼ֮ϣ
ݸ⧲ƿЩˤڵأӦʱֻڽڰˣֻǿм֮ˡ
һתۼݸֶ˼κǶ̫죬˼һʱҲóȻ֡
һתݸע⵽ͣǽǵ˲˵Ƴ۾һ
һƣӦսļԽԽģҲ
˲ĺ֡
̫֪ƴļֻϣԼҸݸȫˡ
Ȼ˲δᣬֽӹþȫӳһͦǰĺâֱָüġ
Юż罫޷æ£γһһ̵ͬʱҲ¶
۾һоٽٴͦ-ǧһ֮ʣͻһꤾĺ
ԭݸʹ˲˵Ƴî˾ײͼƾ賵ӵͳԷײ
ڲɴ˰ܣ̧ųһߣװߵƳһ߷ݸ˵˳£


3 ñط
˵˵عһͬ˾ϴĲˡ
ʱȻһɧң˱ܱߴССɱ
ȥһԴߴٵ
ΪȻƲھߣյģҵҪ˭ǵɱˡ
Σֻøȥ
˸ϵ·ص㣬Ϻʮʬ壬߹ʳһء֪ݵֽ˶нԳɱ
İϾԼ°ͣüһͬڹսķڣô
ҵǸ֣ǰ书Ҳ·磬ҲŲ˶ˡڻش
֣⡯ܵõ˸۵ûм
δ䣬ĿǶ˵Ľŵףü·ʲôνһԾǶսУŰһԸǶˡ
ԭֻԹߣ˭֪˵־ͳ֣ΪֻҲżս֡
֧˶ʮУۿŵ˼ޣϾڴʱȻ֣ȻɵҲ״˿̲ǼƽЩʱ
ȻΣ֣һӱǿڴ󽣡ڣþȫ˿ȥ
һƴʹǶ书Ī⣬ҲòʱתΪء
ץסѵõĻΪһŶԷӭȥ
Ƕ˲ŲæһֵָֻסˮġĽ棬ǧһһɼΪԵĹ˴ɡ
˲Ϣ䣬һâбȻ⧲ӦʱԼѱˣ

ӹԴһ漴ż棬˲ڿն
ˣ
ᣬȻ˻ǿһһת
ԽȴжԷơ
Ƕ˸һǹôʱһŲھϣһԾεԽܣתʧС
ҪʹṦ׷ӻֵˣ˵öԣһ书̫ߣ׷ϵġ
ڣת֪Է书ߣ³ç
㿴º𣿡
ڵ˵ͷҲǷע⵽ֺֻɫ㻳ǳ빬ˣɼʹҲóȻж
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ʱ߲ԶƳȻ˶ֻݸһһߴӳͷϻմżƬҶ̿
û°ɣ̿أݸһվҴ򼧵ԣּûˡ
û£̿Ѿˡ˵꣬ݸߵͷڶ棬лλ֮Ϊ
ĮȻؿһۣһԲŤͷߡ
ݸһֱڿ죬вѿڶװʲôβǣ
϶ЩȥǴһ񣺡ˣ֮Ͷѡ
ıӰĿƣƳԷֱϵİ̺ۣʧ˾䣺
Ųһͣתɵشǰİ꣺ʶң
ǰݸͷڲץԷϸƣӻĹɣ㣬ǰ
ǡ
ЦЦ-ӵһصʳһöġ
ĿɻתɻȻʢ˷벻᣺ǡС


4 ֮ܽ
ʲôѽɰ۵һ˫С¹ۣԼߵСк
ҽأСк˵
ССӿĵЦˣҽм
ԭмСкȻСӳðװ֣ԲԲལ۾Բɲ˰˿ǵļ
СһལǼǼ㲻ʶ𣿡
˵һС֦ڵһһдԼ֡
֣ˣ
Ск˵꣬ӵͷ̫ӣҲϲǺ̫ӵ£֡
СкڵǣҿԺС𣿡
۵Դ룺ðɡֻһôܣҲԸˡ
õģҲ֪ģСкؿ֤
ԼСĴָ˵㻰
ֻСֵСĴָһ𣬶ʱͯ滯˴˵

ǡһڷۣȻʱ֮꣬ʱǷݶеȻһȦȦصһĻĻ
ļ˰죬̧ͷǰһµļأԷһѱסԭת˸ȦС
תˣȵԼŽסɫ΢죬̧ȴݸ뷮һ˼һŵ۲ϣ˽һʲôûı顣
ʮȥˣͰѹǵ͡ǲ俴Էϵ˰̣ϳǰ֮˱عĹԼʱ飿
ѴжϳݣʾϴһһٱϵֳΪ׵Ľϥݣĩؽ߾ȼ٣ʹգ
бһۣǋ˰ɣ
ϣĩȷЧڳź
̿ɱʱǲڣ̿ø˫ָһЦ
ǸǵЦ͸ǵ⣬ؽĪ˸սЩˣĩĩѵ
һһ˵뿴ⲽؼǰ΢̽-𴽽ǣһΣǸʲô
ûӵȻֻܹš
ؽȻŹˣͷϵ亹ֱϡ֮ܵĵ׵ľ⣬һδڡδüЩ˲ͻ䣬ϹսϽе
ؽ֮ʣֱ˵մĻңһ赭дı飬·ոױֻǶԷĴˣɣËһˣҪ̫ԶǿͣȻ컯ҴصϮôҲø˼һ˵
ؽ⣬ơǡʾԻ̫ӵǰݡ
һӵˣڹΪ̫ѡסǡ
˼ƣʹһסݣɡؽΪԼˡ
Ȼδ㱻ϣҲ˶ģο̿ͶҵɱˣҲһȫ̫Ҵؾи̡ؽ㵣ô
ؽһʱϻҲûתЯ˼֣һڹٱȻĿɷڻһϻع

ѡסλԶһйԻйɽƸߡ۾ǶȺö
ΧԹһܸȫԶԼĸȪ
ֵһǣĹģ䲻ЩݻĹĲȴΪһõİԼֵǵ˿ľɣƹһ磬㵽˾֮ܵԼɴ亱ķβ޷ĳɡ
ڲδѬ㣬ȴƮһŵζ
㸡ޣһű֪Լϲ㡣
֪̫ӵ´ӲѬ㣬ū׼ЩʱʹϹڵڣⷦҲʳáʲôҪ󣬻Ҫ̴ӣܷԸūǡ͵ϸϸ˵
лݸ㹻ǫһЦ
ֻʣݸˣ˿һ
ĹݷʧܣΪ̫ӵӼǳ;ˣһ·С֮д̣˵˴ʱ˿̲ʱŵһԷһ㡣
ԣֻǡʱ
Ϊνġ޺á̫ΪʡǸӰˡݽҲĽǴеĿˡ
˼ˣֻǧͷͷۡ
̧һݸϯض˫ŹѾˣԱһѹƤˣСһ߶һ£Ǵֱʣ˵͸˸ôõĵط
ǵȻݣ㶨ûе޷ġݸĳ಻üʵ̲סݸһ־ôעһɡ
ʵݸ˵࿴óϸġ
СʱرºڣϨƺǶţټ޵ֻԼһڿտĴϷȥµҹ˯š
ˣҹסڿյĴܣֻа֪
ƸҰڴ̿أȷʵݰȫöࣻһϲԶ޵һյ̨䣬̧ͷһ۱ܿƫ뵽⣬ӿһů⡣
ԭʱôãǵЩ
ﲻֻеºôҵĶӿ˿һˡʲôﶼܣǲܰˣôţҲˣԵˣҸİɣ
ȻڱԹݸǹԹ־˲죬ĩ׼ˡ
ҡҡͷ֪ģ֮ǰӲ˵ҲǺܶ
˵ţ⼸ŮʱʳءһԭǴʱѹ㣬ŷֻʣĸģƫƫ̫ӵʳͬԼһʶЩʱ䡣
֪ϰƵģǽ˷̺󣬱԰ȥ
ݸغõţعȡͷϵһ֧ʷÿʳһ£Ȼһ޶Ϊ²˰ɣ
ЦЦЩʳǰģҲؾ飬Ȼ⡭˿̣ûʲôθڡ
ȳ԰ɣҪ顣
ڰϺݸһͣʲô²ܳ˵ô
ڻĴɱ⣬յؾ˾Լüġ
ἰɱݸƵһߣǰ㣺½첻ȥǸӣ֪ΧΣķӦԱΪϡ
˵öԣһȷʵҵ
ݸ̾˿Ҳ˭뵽ôСĺӾǸɱ֡
ǲǺӣ٪塣Ȼ
ݸһЩֱʢ롣תȥŷ־бӡ
㡭ͻȻð˰ݸָžıӣ뵽ʲôʮŭʵ㲻ǰ𣬽Ǳ׷ŴʱĶȥˣ
Ȼ˳֣ûҪݸŭ𣬾ȴԾޱ飬۶û
㡭
ˣҪˣؼǲǸ˵ݡ
Ƕ书׿ʱԷһһʽϤĸоʱĶ
᲻ǡ⣿ݸһĴ-ȣȻûֱӽ֣ԷνСӯǸŮӡ룬ϵŮ̿ͱ٣书ϴﵽ˳̶ȵģɲֻˣ
𷴲̫ܡ߽ɱ֯ǼԱ˽½񡣻֮Է⣬˿϶ҲڸôֻжһһֱԶ۲죬Ǹ̿ͳȷʵ죬Ľ⻹ͬʹƮ鶯Ǵ̿͵Ľȴݹܡͣһ£Żһתʵһһĸ֣ýķһ֮˵ģ£Ҳûпܡ
ݸСһ൱мㆪһѵû˵
򼧵ڵΪ̿͵ݣϸĻʹΪμȡ˵˷أᴥ˭棿
ټع˭ֻ죬˵ؾ͹أ
˭ڹ컯֮£޹˼ɵɱˣ
ʱ䣬һڼԺ
Τ

ҹ
ҹˮ
޺¥Ъ
ҵʯŴ򿪣һˣҪ
ո˵ċбСϣʧѪЩ԰ף촽ȴ̺Ĩ֬һ㡭
һɫ˿ۣ֯ź͸ż벻ãˣ˭ʱ
ͻժºɫñ¶ݡһ漴̧۹ԭݹ٣ʧԶӭ
лҪ˵
ŮôͱˡСʹϲղҰɣ


5 ݽ
޺¥ڣˣΪΤһյ裺ҹˣΪѵ£
ѵ⣬Ǿ档Τ˵գյһ
پϹҲסȴֲ÷ֻҧЩڳҰֻ죬Ȼ֮⣬޺¥ų켺Ҳһԭɡ
Τյһۣԣɱӵɣ
һԣôҲȡѾЩѵĿգˣҵסģΤɫòü͡
վ˭ɵģŲþ˽ԼΪܽڹ˲֪ҪֲĹİͨɱ׬ǮգǴһֺ̣Τʲƣ༤ŭˋ
һ̧ͷ۾ѵµ޺¥Ϊ˭죿֮ΪԼ·ƽˣȴ˵µĲǣ
ЦһҲաȻҪˣ޺¥һӵ£ֻһǣʲô˷˶ߣǲҰ
źαʧ̬ҹ˱Ϊź鷳ġѽϤϣʲô
԰գΤߵſʱͣ½ŲȴδתһΡִԲ򣬱Ҳ㡣ڳҰĽҲǱԼ¡

ա
һһϴݸΪʽĳ
ǵݽӣȥڹҡ
䣬Ȼ̫ͨӵūϣݽ顣
ˡ
˵̳ţݸһֱ͵⡣
˵żһ·߹հƣСʱûʹ·Ҳ˲Ծ
ѵб䣿
ʱϲδԱֻòźۼطŲ
ܼɽƣïܣ֮һ̶һرˮס
ȥ·
ȷһˣͣǰ·̴ӣⲻͨ·ҪȥĶ
СͻȻװͰ͵ʼʱһͷˮͰʹûû˵ȥǣūŴȥȥ޹ݽ顣
ʱò׼ļҲˡ
Ȫ޹ҲеߵĹ
һǰһ˵ſڣС̴ԥһ£̲סԼ͵ѣδţ̫ӵ²Ҫ֡
Ȼᡣô˵ȴɵ̧һͷ̵Ӧ˰ɡ
˵̲סڱǣ̾ںصľ
Ŀɨܣҵط鼮ͲۣԱ߰Ÿ
бϣһһ˸ߵͭľȥոϴϣûϳ
ȥɣ˻֣ȫ˳޵⣬ųһ̧°ͣɡ
˰ΣŷӦԷҪԼ飬΢΢ü˸˵ˡ
ʲôüë
˺һ֣µǵ޵òķ϶ˣˡ⳼޷顣
УǡһԸӣ˸Σƣһһ̫顣
ΣȻϵĹ򻹵Ǵȡ̯౾֮áȻźݲԣʿСٰ¶ˣʵǹ˱ӡ̫ڹԱ¿ɼ֮ġԸ޾ɺãɸΪ񲯣սɽ
΢ϣҲ֪ûȵԷ鷽üˣ
ˡ
Լ˱裬Ųյǰ㸸ױʣǹ飬ǽ顣
䣬޿̵ըëˣ
úãҿЦġ棡˱ǰȴһƦƦģҲǣʲôϵõЩͷԵ𡭡
ǼȻҪ񡣡ҶԷû˵ݸױʵĹȷʵʧ˹֮ϣԼȥ
ȥһһ߲ΪȻܶˣҪã
Ȼڣڵɡϣתִ֮ϵľڱţڶԷת֮ǰɫؽŻԭλ
ˣСΪѡסɻ⣿˯Σһһոջڰٰ㿴ƵͻȻֻ˸⡣
һаãллΪҿôࡣ
֮䣬л㲻ͰԼļңһڣ
ں۽ޣΪﰵЩ˵жǲܵģȻ˼Ŀģаٸн֪ǰֿϵꡣ
Σʲô̲ס˾䣺ƽòᶼӰɣ
պȶˣԽƽʱ˰ʱ˸ΪԼú򣬱˼䡣
ɴ۾첻ѣҲ˵ƽֱʱ𴲣㲻糯𣿡
ĻЦԽ޴ңϳҲǸ衣
Ҳˣǳ¡
δ˵֪ԷָΤѳֳ֮£ڴ֮ǰǲ֪ǰعоƣȴδ˼ѣ
ڵƬֻ̣е估ʱǶʱɫ
һ㵽ʱ䣬һԼһͬţлˡ
ϾէԼӣȻаҲܻ˹أӶͽš
ѾݽеĵһҲɡ
˼ŽļƻνУ֪ǰݸڴ˴ȺŮһˮ̵ȹա
ͷ󣬵ϸ˱ɹšݸ˵Ϊɡ
ͷ̸
ͶذһԶ
ڹ֮вУش˶ݲ
ݸͣ½ŲƬ̣һ»
ŵ״׷׶⣺μ


6 ӳ
뿪ãȪӭ˽յĵڶλͬ͡ĸĵܵܣԡ
ͶʱͬĸһƯȣһԽĹУСӵǹ°ĳ谮Ӳ֪Ǻζֵ˵ֱͯһһ¡
һֱŵȴδɽݻ竵ϰԣ෴λ16ӵʴӱÿʣڿҵʮŬϽ̹ķûһмӵġ
һűԼ̾Ϣҡͷ˵ס
ŴϣԼ볤δΪһͬţһɹˡ
յ߱ȥ˸⣬Ȼ⵽ȷ⣬ǿ˽ȥû뵽⣬˫ֽ߬û뵽ⷿһ糣㣬Ҳûз⡣
Է鋪Ųþһ£ԭȷֻ֤һ֮ңȴһ
ȴɻ󣺡жˣҿղǸСĿ㋪ʲôҲ̫ô̵ʱϡ׻ǳòá
ô°⵹ȴδϵȻһⲻʧҲԼҵܵһӣԷᵽ̲߱ס˾䣺˿ɿ𣿡
ṩ߱ҸϵſͣɰһЩʱգҲΪ£Ӧû⣡ĵ
ȥʱ򣬿쳣
ûаŶˣǿȥָڲ⣬ЩҲһŵı飬ͺ񣬺Լ˵һԻһµΣȷԼûп
ЩҲˣȳԵ㶫˵ɡ˵ܵܵĳ϶˷ǲ鲻ʲôˡ
ʣȴһʳҲûУӵַ£૵ЩĸϴȨǳسǲǺûð˵ΪַǣС¶첻á
С£³оƸӣɡɺ;ѫ㶦˾ѫɲֱӹ֮⣬ΤΪ׵Ŀͷ󡣋ΪΤЧݽթڳоӪ꣬һɴ򵹣಻źλˡ
˵꣬һ̧ͷд߷ֲܽʮͲСˣ
úáǳԵкθ߼ϴ

δֵܹţһߵͶڻذ·ϡ
֮ǰڹżȻ꣬ݸؿڣԭǸǳ԰ֵһҲ
ׯӣǰΨһܡ˵üׯòĸ̫һЩ˶٣˵ͬΪӵܣСȴܳ谮
Сʱȴ룬ů
ݸɻ󲻽⣺Ȼݸ߹ܳ裬Ϊελ˲أ
ٸܳ裬Ҳı䲻ʵҪǣûг֧֡˵̫ĸδܷعڵӦþˡ
˼ĻݸԺиֳĳͷΣλϵĻ棬ա俴Ųôףչ黹
˼ݸһӵĻҪʣκΰ·˶ӣֻûصסİ󣬲Ű಻סʵ½һпɻ˳кηӦ
ҹ˽糯Ҳȥ޹ݽġ
д£·ʲô캧Ƶģݸ˼۾Ҿ˵аɣڿʹȵҲǸعûˣ
˼ǣǿʲô䣬ɣһݸ뷨˵ѾͷֻԼ֣ƽһֵӣȥƺ̫ףһ۹⡣
̽ѼϢټλѧ£ȴɫȮͨΪڿεķӶ˺ü⻹ġݸͣһ£ѹɤţ֮ã
δ䣬ɫƾ޾ݣ˵
Ȼûֱ֤֤-ɫǵ룬δڣûܵм檰ɣ߶Ůˣֳı˵檣źĹŮûУһ쵽Ǹ˻죬˾һƵġ¾𣿡ݸΪԼúеԼжǶԵġ
Ҳ磺Ѽ鱨еİȥ޹֮ǰ̱˵ѣҽ˵ȷʵڰŵŨҵľҳðעʱ鿴ľƱȴûһ˿ζ˵ʲô
ҹûƣݸɵ
û˵ͷȷʵǴϷģ˵·þˮݹνġǼ󣡡
һԭôװ
ԶֹЩ˵˵ѧİңѷŵĶǷҡҺݺҵ鼮ۣ齲δڴߣҴһ澵ӣ˵Ժܸߣʹ˯Ҳ˷
ӸɹͨȻãȴҲǷ̿͵äһöܶԵľɱģֻҪ̿ӷĹֱӽ˯е˾ѡ
ݸ֪˵ʲôãϲϡ
ˣΪǵһ޶ȣӹӹµµĻһ躹ޣػ֮־⣬ȻĬˡ
û뵽ʱ꣬Ĵһû䡭
ǽôأݸɵ˾䡣
ݹ۵ԭعȻʵǿȻ֮ΣķΤΪ׵Ŀһɰѳֳ꣬幫ĵ彫ľѫĻȴѹƶꡭΤһҶľ棿
ڼʣݸʵʵҡͷĲ֪ҲδЩ
ڵع̫κ뾭̫ϿɷʵСλ̫ûһΪأȫĳƴأһ£λ̫΢ģΪĶӣ䵽˾أ
ݸȻ򣺡µ˼ǡЩĻԹҶĸĴ治
һȨؽϴƣδԸ⿴Ľ˵ţ˰ĸӣշֶΪ֮ߡ

һһʱԴӸȪʱ
ԭ۵͸ľĴҶ֦Ѿսĳȣ˲١
Ų̨ףӭһɫӣüá
ӿԣֻͣ½Ųһ񣬱
һԲת˵ıӰнԶְճȭ
ź


7 ŭ
ټ
˵ᵥټλλȨصĳź
ЩĳӶԴ˵ĳղһӪ³ˣԵɺ֮Τĸ֦ܵʶһ·ҡֱϣΪֿȵس
ͬΪ٣ǶԋΪݣȻٶ಻ҲòƣӶ֡
˿̣λòĳźվ鰸ǰ㱨ɱһĽ΢Ѳ̿Թˡ
ԹһǻԽѾãԹΪҪд̫֮ӣ
ԭƸӣ֮ϻΪѣʵ򲻹໥ðˣһû˹֧ͬŻΪû̵ʲôôԼҲͳһֽġ֮ǰַҴǴΣͷ˵˳˳ôˣ֮νֻǱϵģ˫ԹѾҲȫпܵġ
˵꣬ȻŽɣǰճźĿԹͱӣͼ̫ҴؾڣӶս£ЩƲ⣬֤أ
΢鿴ֳʬ壬ЩʿûʹõĵԳԹ֤ݡ
ɫ䣬ƺԸ⣬ǻһתؽ֮ˣ
ϵĻؽΪؽȴְأʹ̫ӵվ΢ѸȥְΪͳ죬ԹۺЧ
ᡱһվȻĴΪؽߴ˲Ϊں̫ӲҴصôĹʧźȴֻǽ赭дĽְܷڣ
治ɫ΢΢ߵ׵ϢŭΪ赭дһؽĽΪͳ죬̫ӵգվǺˣؽһĻᲢ֣̫ӵһʰҲԴĴ顣
οһͣ٣Ȼ˵Ҳ
ἰΤ̣һ£Ȼٸͬ⣬ǹ˱㲻ˡ
΢ˡǰ˰ݣȻ˳ȥ

תۼ䣬ڰסգÿʳӽݸԲٳ֣ҲûŮ̴ӣ˵Ҳֵڡ
ΨһвģǴ˴λýΪƫƧڴ̽Ϣ
ݸ̲סԹʱڻԱЦ˭˵ɽˮ羰Ͳסϸأ
ҺˣԸסڳֵĵط벻ƽӰûСȥǻôѼع鱨
˲ţѵûгȣͲһ㣿֪˵ʲôãԼӵݣӦ͵ݸͲһˣ빬űɵö࣬ƽʱŮǶ߶߶Ҳע⣬Ϊû˻עһСŮڸʲô
ôûⲻǸմ𣿡ݸһίСģͻȻַ·ʲôҪ£ˣڹŸɢʱ򿴵һף²²˭
ȥˣ˼ԼݸէʶҲڰڡôҲһ֮ݸһСѾͷܼģǾֻλֲķˡ
ңȷߵúܽ
ǸɵҲأݸ
Ŷǡ
ǷǵͷһݣһӻҵĴӣ
һӡ󣺡Ҽǵ˵ֺؽߣǵĽ졣
ҿ˾
֣˵ĹٽȻͣҲܳ빬Ѳܵ٣
ݸҡͷſڿģǼһǹͳ졣
ʲôһ
ǵһҹ֮˿ŵģһǧɰݸûûεش󷢸п˵ǸҲһĹϵԺڹ̧ͷͷģΡ
ݸʲôʱˣ㻹˼˵
ؽ˶̵ʱ⵽ְᵽһ˿εζתŵĻ밲ȫܵطȻȴƶеĴ⡣
ˮף
ҵȻ֪µĵǡǸ۾ôݸ˵ţ֪뵽ʲôͻȻشЦǼһ϶ˣ˵ڷҶء

顪һ죬һװƱصڵϣˤƬ
һһ֡ҧгݵ֣һ˫Ŀ𣬲е˫ֽ߬
ʹ˸ɫڵ̴ǻ⣬׷¡
ţߵԣĿɨϵǽ壺ԣϾԼġ
ȻԼŰ嵽Ƥӵ£û뵽ȹ˸ļЩʱգˡһЦ
һԵķ̲סڵľˣ
в֮ģһֻԺӱ
ôʵ̫գСǷɱˋճ
ѵõʱڣû·
ҲաȻѾұ޷˵ֲ֧㡣˵ɣҪô
Աϣģ̧ͷ񣺡ãֵиˣ
ʱ̵ĺ̫ǰǹһ𡣡
һ۴ЩĿ⣬Ĳơ
ʱֵݣĸΪʱԼ


8 ĸ֮
̫סĹԻǹĸȪԶвһɵϸǸȪڴ˻ϽһµĹҡ
ӳͬıʿΤعλѽ޶ԹӳΤİȻһɣܾöпǷڸȪַΪ½һ
깤λλĹݱˣԼΪ̫󣬾Ҳһֱδ䡣
ֺĸȪȣǹûôȴ£̨ͤ¥󡢵һǾܹɽľƺʹ죬԰ҲһȪԳĻܲľ
񣬹ˡλص̫Ҳʮ꣬ټϱõʹȥ԰ʢŵʻһýޣ˿ѷŮ
ϱҴ뿪˸ȪҲںţԼһƵ̫ס
ſȴһֵصĹ˶ûֻŻ¹·ԼĪС˺
̫أվǰһӡ
֣ĸڡ
Сδ㰤һţ˭Һģ
һӼ״ŵ۴ޡ
ܿ˹ŮԼں֪æʲô̫
ʾߵĹŮߣֻʣĸӶˣ̫ʹĵؿһƵĵܵܡ㣬ΪҪ
ܵܣ·˻ĵ޻Ļһ㣬۵׾⣬ĵܴܵʼֻгһˣ˭
ʲôֱ˵οΪѱˣ
̫䣬̧ͷĿƣΪѵĸԼﲻôĸǴص̫ҼûʲôˣοǰֲûǸˣΪʲôΤ
̫ҲԷĻŭ˭У֧㸸λ˭ľظλ㸸ʱй࣬㻽ٸҲϣܸΪһСûвΤҲûûĸĽ졭Щѵ㶼𣿡
֮£ΤĶǻعǴôȻĸִ̻޻˵
Ͷ࣬Ťͷߣ̫æס
ĸк¡
ͣ½ŲӲתֻԼĸһķʳ
ĸ֪Թǡ΢΢̾Ϣ˵ˡȻ󽫺иǽҿɢͥԺ棬ǰ⣬㶯Щ
ԭĸ󻹼ǵáᵽ⣬ȥһЩ㱡
һѵӡ
ײߣȱʳǰһ
ӳļڣĸױӴ档ʵԹʣµıȥ˶Ƴɸ㡣
ĸɣָóԵĵģԵĻɿڵ
Ÿʲô쳢ĸòҲ֪տ衣
̫ĻĻ䣬ؽӹʳУһŽ
ϸ塣
ǰζһ˵
ϲͶԵ㣡̫Цº̧ͣΪϵ壬ˣȷʵҪ
£ĸ󾡹ֱ˵
˵󲻴˵СҲС̫ͣһ£ϲɫҲ켰ˣѡɫˣ
ڿЩΪʱ硣̫ȻԼĻ£ʼδġ
ˣԱСü꣬ˣȴ̵ĹŮûС
ĸ󣬱Ǳ˵£˵ҲҪź򡣡
⺢ӣ̫ԵúΣƣ֮Ҫ飬ʱһѡǺã
˼Ƭ̣Լĸ˵Ҳһ֮Ҫʱп̫Ըġ
뵽ͷðɣ֪ĸļҹ
̫͵Ŷ仰΢΢һЦ彫֮Ůģѧţ֪
˭֪һ仰δ꣬ںȲЩǺǸŮˣ
СӶʲôŮש㶼ûˣξͶʣ̫ȻķӦ⣬Լⷽǲϡ
һǲأ
԰ҾȽӹСסһʱաʱԲ⣬Ǳա
ӵǲϹذɡֱԼñСǣʶơ
ôϹأ̫סͺϺˣ
û뵽Լĸ󷴽һʱƿԡĩˣֻڨڨǱ㡭ƾĸš
ĸһֱٽƻȥǰ̫򷢹˽һװȥ޵
ͦεıӰչ½нԶЦҲ̫δʱʴ毺ʧ֮ĳȡ
̫Ϊ˺ӣʵ࣡Ŀô˾Ů˪סп
Լ̾˿Щ갧ҵȷ̫٣ԹҲġҽôϣԺƴӰˡ


9 ɽ
ɫʱֿʼðŨܲȴһ˿ҲûСҲҶԾֹڸߴİڣƵǿһ㡣
ɽס
Ȼ̼ưô֮к£ˮƬۡ
һѩɫվǰܼˮؽһƬУԶЩĸߴԺǽС
էɨǧޣƵ̶ˮ
һ꽵ھúİ˰ش೹׽˳ȡ
Ϊˬǰȴ䲻ҼƵһ
µģͣɫӰһݸѴ߳һ
ʱˣΪҸ°ɡ˵ߵǰ
ݸһΪݣһ꽻ӵģʱȥʲô簡۲ȥˡϵôãҲġ
ʽۣתɡҹȻ֮ܽ꣬ͬʱع̫ӣһһнϢϢأвɲ¡ο˴ιǰרΪҶٰ죬ˣӦҲˡʱȱϯ˻
ҿҲ̫СˡҲǡʲôӷϴǲŲϡһٷأ
ս¹˱һ̵֮дȽ̫ӵ¸硪
ǣ಻ԸݸҲֻôɡֲĵĿ͹еĻнʧ

Ȫڣһɫ˫ָ۶עŴ硣
һ׼ϣԳˡߵԣƳĬ
ǱΣջߣɫء
̫ӵĹѾɳȥˡ
ͷΣת뷮棬֣أмҪȥҲֻһʲô⣬˵һҪȫ̫ȫ
һ£ĻȻ֮ڣҪСҪ󣬻ϵ
𣿡
УƣԴ쳣УСҪΪѣȻԾܾΪӣаٰ㲻ԸҲֻܷӡ
ԷĻشͬϣãһЦЩεؿԼĽڣû˵㹢ֱԴġ
Աϣǰִ򿪵š籩ʱ䡭
Ĺ磬Ҳһꡣ

̨عƽʱ֮ҲٰιģС칦硣̫ӵĽӷѡ̨ӳ̶ȡ
˴߳˼֮⣬幫ġԡΤ󽫾塢źһس
һ·ص㣬˳㱻ѾڵˣȥƺҲյá
ˣܵꣿһǰס֣²鿴һȷԷûбˮʪŷġ
ʵܵлﻹ̣ҷھԱվţе㲻˼
䣬ϱ㴫һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲʪˮԼ˷˾ȻꡭҵЬӶʪ͸ˣ
һšôꡱһ˵㼱ΪЬ
ôŪؿһǱĵܵܡ
ΪְѹõɳȥˣֻԼϵƳϹŪ⸱ģ
ʧЦŶô˵ǹ˵ĲǣҲգῪϯԷǸ
ִԲӡΪӦ˹Էдʵ˵ţ͸ӹļ
׼û뵽ȿ˿ڣλؾΪһ̫ӵɡ
¼ֱóЦˡһͷ֣̬󷽣
δüܣԼܵܵúܣȤ˾䣺ûȥΪƶλӱ̫أ
ٱ츳ˮ£ʶ׶ɫƤԼ-Ʒ˿Ƴɣӯůν֮ڡýƣǴ˵е޼ֻ֮ľʹʸ񴩴˵ţһ¼µͶȻϲǱֻ̫ӵˡ
˶ϻǰŲһ
һＴϣЦЦ˵ŲһӦǣ̫ӵһͷԭϵ˼ݻԭǶҲڶƶˮֺƵҰӦˡ
ü΢˵Է֮ǰԲǳϵĺѣôոյ̬ȺԲôˡ
ԭԼƽʱ࣬ڸǸƺ«һÿʣϲٿԻԾաСӽǳԴҩģÿ仰ǹ˵ﰵԡ˭ܸô°
Լʡĵĵܵ˵䣬ȻһЦ˶˽ͣڱ棬ֻ֪ԣȴ֪֯ҵͬҲе̳篺ˮɴ֯Ʒǧһƥ±㼸ƥ
վСԣδԷ֮⣬ֻ˵˾䣺ϲ䣬ԳԴöûʲôҪ̫ӵؿ
˵ԸղϲôƣҲڸԷƽϣοԲǺ޵СƶȨȴʬλزֻ֪֣͡һһӶܿЩλ̻جج֪࣬˺գ
ĿģƣǴǰ·һƬãȻɴ˾Ƿܹ
֮ʣϴ̵ļͨź


10 
Τϲط
˰᪷ᣬ֮
̣һ·ϴνľԭйɽˮ⡣
ǰԼɵйᣬȴ֮Ϊ̼ĩԼȨҰ˼޲ϹϾһࡱˡصҲΪٸ
𣿡ΤôΪ
Ҳã̼֡ҲգʼԱΪһͽ
۵ҾѹཫˡһΪĲǲһǰ̣һٹ⡣
ڣԸԳλãõ˱󼰵ȨҲʧȥΪȻȴѵõĶ
鷿£ڷڴΤ±ʣ˵
ү빬翪ʼдԼʱฮϹ£֣Τ꾭̵ʱһֱңĲһֱΡ
ţ֪ˡΤͷ·УøЩ׼
ֹһ۴⣬ֹջ̲סȰô꣬ūү㲻˰ɣϲġ
ͷΪ乬һٷϯרΪ̫ӽӷ죬¹ǲȥҲȥ
Τ˵̧ͷֹֻŸʳУһκϧūʲôҹ£ֻ֪үڣװ˷մ¹Ļ¹⡣
ΤʳϴӲæʱ˲ϳԡǡ壬ֹ±ǰȥ¹ԤϺõľƲˣȴջظӵ˸֪ͨ
ڸﾡˣΤһ뿪ЦһеӲĽǡ
ֹ¡ٺ١ЦŽʳ𣺡Ȼô˵ˣūҲͲˡ
䣬ȻʲôƵģū¹һ£֪
ʲôͷԽԽĥߴˣл˵
ֹӦţʼūȥòʱһſڡǻ࿴ۣû뵽ǳźݣһ£ǳŹŷȥġūܸеﲻԾӦø֪үһ
ʱǣϴٰɡΤ˼Ƭ̣Ҳֻ뵽һ㡣
壬һԳٲ빬źҲ⡣
͸ˣϯʱ̿ʼڻаʱءȵȣԣ
Ժһ׹һ̣ΤȻ죡׼Ҽ̽
үʱ仹硭ֹ¶ˣΤôٿԷ˼ȵӡ
ΤҴۣɫأҪˡ

֮ǰζţȻ켧һۼعλԷĴ
ֻ΢΢һƳ޷תߡ
ƽһξÿáһӣüԶɽҰꡭ̬һ򵥵īڣһйоصĳڲסķ֮ˡ
΢ݼϣ̨ȸ˸
ʱ΢΢һֻ̨Լ̫ӵȼˣüʱѹʱĵֻôˣྐྵҲû
·ϳǳǲ㣬˾ˡҶԼˣھͿϯɡ˵꣬ǻ⣬ǰŹرա
̨š顱غϣ಻Ъһ󸡳ԭ߾ͲǺĴһӱøӻ谵
һɵ߬߬֡
Ѿ˹Ϊξٰ˼ͻȻΪ֪ӵȴûȡᣬǰΪӰҲûΪдʱһǸϵ̨ʱһѽ
ǰǻеĪһ̽ԻĽǣԲµõĴ㡪ӹɣⳡǰļƻΪӷϴͷƭ˴͵ɱ
عȻԼһӳϹϵʱŽգ̫֮Ѿⳡδ֪ĹУȫҲΪʱ
ǵ̨𲻰ҡҷţⳡרΪӶϯĻ
λλ̫ӵ볤źֱڱϯλһ¹ƤУݣޱࡣ
ζȡ-Һһسϡ
ձû˼꣬ʱϷϺʱ˼ζ̫ӵ½ͣһμˮ֮ζкβͬ
ע⵽ϰеľĲȣ㡢ƬӸʮعٱˮḻʱܳʵѾܲˡ
Сر𰮳㣬ȫ磬ֻ߹һΣû뵽ʱհǵô
лʢм
ϱֻ˵Щ滰ٶֻòĵסְݹлȴԼĳЦԾͳ£лȥ۲ۣ
ۼԷɫεҡҡͷ˼̫֪㡭ҰƵģ
ôڳأҲӣ
ӣΪӶںĶҪʲôӡ
ֹ߻ó̡ܿ죬
ߣֵ˵ЦһߣċȴʼһԲ
һתȻ¿ӵ˸裿и֮롣
ʲô⣿
һɷµ˵ַȥǼⵥܸһСɰſͣһһΣˡ־Σ
ʣ轣䡣
䣬ЦкѣԸΪλһ
ǰţ֮ܳղȴóɣ䵯һֺ١һʱ޷϶ԾǸԼһؾⳡ¶ˣѺԤıãʱоֵֹֻϷѡ
ˣá
ȻͷӦʣ΢΢ǰ㣬Ŀ֣ɰ
աĽŲԶ
ľײᡭɴ˿жϣڹȻǳ
˼ţһ渲ߴҷأϷӭ
ֻǹɨһۣʱ𶯣鲻Խ˫ʶңԺһƬհף׾С۵һ䡭


11 ſɰ
ƱԭڹϵĿ׷ת̫ӵع񣬸ϽǸ⳼ʧǣˡ
˵˾䡰޷̧¸˾ƾߡ
ʧ̬ƺֻǸСıͲΪ⣬һػƽ
ɰݼϡһȹۣߵ׹ݡ
ܴŵͭɲɤȴͶдԣȪȣΪ
⵭ӹͭߣöԷ̧ͷһֱĬċͻȻڣΪ裬ΪβĿʾˣĪͼı
źˣɰʱ˽𺣣ԼҲò٣Բһֱż档ԲŲæ͡
ԣʱˣˣΪλ轣˰ɡ
˵գ̧һͩľ١
ɰǡ-Լ彣
㳦۾סѿڶ
ֻһۣϳԷ˵޽еƷ㳦
Բ塰㳦ߣǷ֮
Ȼͬʱϳ˽Ļмͷڣֻǰߴ˿˼Ͼڣ߲㿪ڡ
źɰ˼꣬ԵΨһȺҲղұѰ⡮㳦
ԱϣЦЦΪһſͱһǧ˵ѻ
źˡ׻˵ӵɰĽϰ֮ˣԵƷ֮䡣˵ţⲦŪңԽ֮ԾȻɽȪʣö
ͬʱһԴ֮𣬵ɰ˸㽣һԾգˮӯࡣӰ⺮ӹ֮˻˻Ʒ硭
Сգɪ١СɪĪáν֮ɪ֮⡣˽ȴ뽣ڣҲһζ˵һȻ·ļ֪̫ΪΣ
飬ģ֣ͽǣĽǣá͵Эܳؽ֮ΰҵڴǰء
ǿסûг©Ȼʱ轣ӰȻ飬һʱ޷״̬Լһ򷴸е֮ʶ˵˿ڡ뵽⣬ǴԼһ
һʣȴԷȻһ󴮵Īһһһ㶣֪ԼĶ˼Ҳˡ
ߣԵֲŪһ˫ֵ࣬Ī⣬ɰ任ŶīƮ·ӰӰһ̾Ϊֹ
տںϣᲢãȻɡ˸ˣ¾Ȳʵ
ԵһЦһ˲伱תֱ£һ֮һɱǧĵֱȡо׼ͬʱཫԼű¶ڵ˵ĳ-ǹ£ǧһһ֮䣡
ɰչȻӿ죬·̾ᴩƶˣƲ꣬Ʋɵһ̣һշתѸ磬תۼ£Σӯء
Ϣ޹ģȻ߳һϸ亹
ԭ轣ɰȻת˸㳦ĺâҲ֮һƫתڲµͫӳٱĵʹüۡ
ͬһʱ̣һֱרעڸٵĳȻ̧ͷĿѣָһ̶Ļ
ȻϿɲǣɰִ㳦ͦǰЮֱƵċȥ
ŲæһִȻһֵʳָָסԼ̹ĽС
ֻһ£ɰͣ˰;Ҳ޷ǰ̳һ磡
⣬֮ڶ
ڣ֮ɱ䣬Ҳ·𿸲סϢķΧת
ϺˋһĨ-ɫĴǣ޵ĳźЦЦ촽ʦʺá
ԱϣĴָһһǿߵɰȻȣɫȹ޷𡭡ۿҪסֽһԭسһԾʹ̤ס棬ס
ںͼһ𡭡
ͬסеʽͬ˲תΪķʽۼ
̵ӡ󲻿
ͼ̫صġŶҵĴ̿ͣʽ볤źһޣ
ѳĿɿڴ˵Լſ͵ʵ̫ţ˵ûôѶԸ
ΣƣһףעҺ
ͷ໥񣬱ɲɫ
һһҲ䣬ִͻȻһӡ
ɰеһɼӭԴʶһƫ
ͬһ㣬ˮƽתϲĳԴ˹ȥ
лҪ˵
С糡
Ϲۣ书Ȼôߣ
ɰ书ٸߣԱû⣡
ǻŹƨ£һ޹˳
һȺ֪СûbҰӣ
ԣӲ书ͻñ۸ǰɣ
ӣ˹ײİ壩ӺεºܣһðϷ򡭡
-------
գɪ٣ͬԡʫСš񡷡
ƣϡɪĪáԡʫ硤֣硷еġŮԻ


12 ׸
뷮ڵֲԾԵ彣߬Ʊ΢΢
ԱϾСɳԼ򵥣㳡棬Ѵڵ
˵ʱʱ죬ɰһչͬһ̳
һ죬ײʡ
㳦Ľǡôؿסյ׵ıŷ϶򿰿ͣڳǼࡣ
лź;ơɰȡ¾ףһһδ
ԲϯϣȻûӸոյľлع
֪䣬ƽ
⴫У˵Ĺ죬էһģµģֲ
˫Բɣ߬ĵѳ΢ơ
׹һĿ̿ͻȻ֣໤̼䱻¾Ǿʱ֣ԼҲڷ
֮ǰĹ˿̵һģһ
뵽éٿԿ϶ͷдԼĶ˾ǋ׹µĴɱҲ͋йϵ
ʵķź˵ţһֱվ֮ķڣ뷮ȥһ¡
Էʹ˸ɫԷ鿴
յĹ򣬷ڱˣ˼䡣˵ѹüͣ˵Щʲôüͷһ壬ɫ֮øء
֪ǣʱ̨⣬µһźūжţ˫ʱѪɺӡ
Զ˶ڹذס
ˣΨƴһһ
˫Ŀ
֮ϵ۽üҾɭȻɱ⣬ԣڵľƴ
ڴڻһȦ޷ϳǰǋһĬĬеľƱֻϧûһԼȳ֣˵ûз
ۿһ͢Ѫһʱ̨ĵȻ򿪡
罥ֹЪ
أϡ
ͬʱȻĵţһĨӰ̤ϡˮǹԶȽݲȡ
Τ
׼νƴһսͷڲɵ¶ɫһ
ϳμϡΤߵ࿪֮ϯذһݡ
ĿɨԷմˮ°ںͿţ˵˾䡰ٸ𡱡
ΤɨһȦϯˣĩˣЦû뵽λļϷ㿪ϯˡ
УŲ㣬˴λ˲ؽðˡĦ͸ΤϺ˼ƫƫǶһһ仰ҲԸ˵ӣֻӲͷƤԽͣȻǴԲ
Τ侫ἧд֮⣬ӹԼǡ˾ٰ칬磬ο󽫾δϳΪΪ̫ӽӷ磬ΪΣ
䣬λ˻ͷҲǸһ̨׵Ļᡣ
ҲͿ֪Ҫ¿£ǵͷӦʣٸ˵Ǳհɡ
ʱͽԸɢȥһΣ˲ƽϢ
ΤңҲ֧˳ȥ
ȵֻ̨ʣǾʱΤɫѾԲôÿˣϿ֪մĶ
֪֪ˣȷǹ̫С
شδ䣬㱻ΤһϺȴϣʵ˼Ȳ֪Ҳ֪ˣ
ΤϸҪȴԳ
Ҳһӱˣܿ췴Ӧһɵӣ泯ǰؾص˸ʦ񣺡ٸ󡣡
귽ʮţδҵΤ״˵ʦϵҲ޲ɡ
ԷͬıҲıııСʹıΪߣԾ֮ԴϿԼЩʲô⣬ΤɵüʲôˣҲֵյİ㷽ʽϧվ
ııֻҪܳ£ǺòԡԾɲΪȻԼ˷ðкβס
һɺԣһ˦ӣŭɶϿ˿ʶ˾ٵԣҲۋ˼зմ˾ٳɹָճһ䡮ж˶Ŀסڿ𣿣ǳسֻҪƽһһвô֣ϱ㲻׶οƾ޾ݵ£ȴسɱģӽθ룿ֽϣ
Τǵûú÷˼һԼȼӵŭ
Ʋ߹ܴǱһּϱΤһָ̲ͨסŭ𣺡֣ٸ̻ҼڹˣԼؽ߰ڹƤӵˣⲻй֣ʲôŽй֣
ʲô£ֵΤˡ
ؽ֪ģμӹƽ֮սسǽ죬ǋš
ǰӴ̫ӵϮһΤʱҲôһ˵닪ЩȷʵԽԽ֣ѹһҲã˲δġؽߴֱȻȻľ衣
˽ֲ֮ʣ⴫̵೤ߺȣ̫ݵ


13 
̫ͻȻ̨ǲΤŭɫǰɫĸôʱˣ
⺢ӻ֪ĸôĸ룡ҿûšԼ˵ֵĻȴŶ¿˸飬֮Ȼ֡
ĸ󣬶ûˡһҲûСŪЩ˼Ա߻վŸ۵Τ
ҪסˣԺô³ç麦ĸġ⼸ҪЩ˼ǿ÷ڱ粽룡
ǰ˵̨б䣬ԼŻˣܲ˵һˡĿĵʱû뵽ΤѾһΣҲѽʵԼ˵ģֻ˶װ£Ҳһֻ۱һֻˡ
ĸǣǶĴˣˣĸҲЩعЪϢĸ߶뵽ǴǰֻΪһԼˣвǲжվǿԼĸ׺Τվһǽ뿪
ת֮ʣΤͻȻס̫棬ֻٰݣһһ֮£̫һ
Ų˶٣ȴһԲ뿪̨
ʱټĵֻʣΤ̫ˡ
㼰ʱסЩСֻ¡ֻ̨ҪѪɺˣ˼ǰ֮գԼֹס磬²ѣ鲻ԽסΤ֣⺢Ҳ̫ʡ
ҵôΪϴ˾ٿ³çʵϸʶһ١ʹҲ֣Ҳδزܳ¡ΤתͷԵԼ̣ĶӺܴ
·©˰ģԺ֮һ㱡
˶ԼҡҡͷȻʧô꣬㻹ǵһλ֡

ûҲûǸţһ˴ŵ߻˰
¶أҹҲ͸Ե⣬ԼбҪúôһһЩ
һ˵գΪƽ̨̡ɱЩǹصĳһûǾĹ䣬ô˲أ
԰գʱǡӭϳѰԼݸ
ôôŻ͵Ĺأһصңݸע⵽ɫǺܺãǸϽϨ˵׷ʶԷ˺¡
˵ȥ磬ԳԺȺȼϹ͸Ҳýˣιʵ鵽ڣ
ˣܻŻѾллˣڰ֣˵͸˲ˮһڹ£Ȼһ
ݸ⻰ŵˣŪоһͣЩָͷʲôЩ̿;Ȼڹ϶֣Ҳ̫˰ɣѵʲôʾҲûУ
ҡҡͷ֮Ȼգȴҡ
ͣ٣бҪϵ֪ݸ̫ģһ飬伸ĶǵĳҲֻ赭дش
ˣȻСѾͷľ̫ص
Ϊ̫ӵŮ֣ݸеز˷ؼһ㣺ԣͷд̵ˡǋ
ǻɣǿ϶ӽʽҿһ
ΪʲôһҪȥأδı棬̸ʲôˡݸյسԴ˼ⱾһԽ£οĿǰһͷûС
ҪɱңɱҵԭֻǸԵǻû뵽ѡ˵ŷ±յ
ʱһϸ΢춯ֻһֻ׸ų
ʾݸȫ򿪣Ӻܿڴ̨ߣϰͲϲ-һƬɫ
ݸץһѻιӣȡͲߵǰţ

ƽ̨ΪҼ鱨֯ԭзֲ󡱡ÿ󡱾С롰һˡ
ܲ͸֧Ϣɷͨ͸ַʽ񼧵ԶִлһõǸӴϢϾ˵Ķοöࡣ
ݵĸԻ𡢺Ͱ𡪡лͨżƽ̨ϸ밵Դ򿪣ֻиֲġв𿴵Ȩޡ
ŵļߵģܲ˻ƽֻ̨λϡʦ
˵ݼҪʮ𼱵Ĵ£һ㼸ðŽ硣
ͲȡżԿƬֻֽ̣ϳһӬͷС֡
һ飬ڵӣǵѾˣһд߾عĳźֻɱҲǳ˽ԹìܣǵǮ°ˡ
ݸɻ󲻽⣺µ˼ǣʵܹˣǣ˭Ҫذ


14 
µ˼ǋʵܹˣǣ˭Ҫذݸ֮ǰһֱĥд̵Ŀģȴѹû濼ǡ
Ҳȷʵ˭뵽عλȨصĳź˴ϧԳֻΪǮ
ġ
ģܣݸһͷˮֻ֪ôˣľͲˡ
˵˲ԶλճֳҲЩֻΪбټϾıԶǣｨ˳ǻֻ⹫ҰĲʧȴͣСϣǹĶ˳ˣͨɱּͼ޻Թʹ߽ͬ⡣룬ĿĵԴɣƱؿսǰԹһɳս֮֮ĵҲ֮ǡһ棬ЩꋪΪԼ˽Ųɹգ˾ĻɣɳԽа飬Ҳ֪ȥ綫·뵽빫ĺһǮգһͼıҪ֣ǱΪ顢һļϡһУ㶼֪ˡ
ԣ׹ϮǵĴ̿ҲǷˋǸô죿ѵǸͼӺ¡սĹ𣿡˼ĽͣݸȻ
ôҲ벻һɱȻôิӵ飡
ȻܣЦɫź⣬ҰģΪʱ޳Īλ붼ġ͸Ѿʼﻮж˭ֻҪҴΪУƽ̨ԲŹڋдʧܣ͹ĵĺϵʹѣܹˣûɱҵɣعǰȫġԼҲһɡ
˵գŵݸݸ
ӹżݸֻݲɨ˼۱üʲô˼
˼Ա߾Ĳִ񡣡
䣬ݸ㼱ɴǸعվȽŸʱ򲻸óȻжܱ¶ݣɴҵȡ鱨Ҫƽ̨һȥ´࡭治ôģǲǲ˽ߵľУھһⷢǣʾô¡
ˣȥĿοʵҲ֤ľһȷģֹ̇ݸдŵľٶ
ת̨ϵѾʳ˴롭
⣬ҹˮ»

鷿硣
ΤһڽģӶ࣬ԱߵĺС¯Ų裬ɢ
ЩԽ֣ǽΪβ֮ܽϾɱΣΤһӣȴ졣
˹Ϊźһζ˵ߵƹܵ޺¥ֳβ󲻵֮ƣӹɣڴ˶ǻʯһεıϡźһգǣһաһʧˣϵжһʱ˽ξ񣿡һܱ˳죬̩ݣֶΪӷвɱĻתϱ߽һŰӣСƬ·˲
Τַ£ͶӵӮˡ
δչ٣¹ٻûӮҲù䡣
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˾ߣ¹ǳˡֻⳤź˾δã
Τ̧۴ǴҹĻ˸ϾɱǱ֮ԡǱҪи˵һұ飬Ӻ
ӺǡţͷȻʲô
漴ΤݷıԶǣ¹岻ѣ
ؿǰһۣΤ£䣺˹뿪ѧˣ
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뿪ϲ̶ˣ꣬׾Ƿ񰲺ãȥˮƵȥ
Τ״ȴ˹ü΢΢һڹڵ˫ֲɵÿٽģ˺ðŻش˹ÿ궼飬Ǯһ٣ƾһ֮Ҳ޷ɶꡣ
޶ɣӾ콫ǨȱʲôﶼУҲܹһЩΤ˵ȥΪϣһΪǵĺ˾
˹һ۾ӹһĨ
ȻֻɲǼɫ任
ת˲䣬ɫ糣عְллػ¹ȥš

ݸһȶ֮󣬼ִʱöʱ
¥λعƽʱɭϣϴιϵ飬صصת˸ȪǹҽҹѲǱ𴦣һǿ˵൱ġҹѻҹµļһָŲͼϵĳλãһ𣬡ǵĿ겻˹÷ͷжһ˽¥⸺Ӧ
һͣ٣Ȼʱ֮һûг֣羣һ취ˣǧ򲻿Ѱҡ𣿡
·ģˡݸͷ
һͬϺɫ棬һԾܣתۼĨӰʧããҹɫС


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һй缧֮ǰϣƽʱܵĲ¥ֻʣһС
Ѵ֮ߣ˳˲¥ڡ
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ݻƽ̨߱عǰڶ߾йͼŽҲǽ£մҡ
˼άתţĿͣĶ㣬ֻڶƫ͵ƫҵλϸһոµľᣬвϲ
ͼƱؾ֮һ
ɵ׼̽ڶľʱȴ˻ȥ
ԡͼھ---ܣ˵һĹǽӴģΪһ֮鼮Ҳ̫ȥã񲼷ͼ˵Ⱦļֻύߵȥȡ
˭ܰΣȻǷڣ
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һֻèѣС֡ͬһ߱Թһߴ˸Ƿ
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ת׼ҹɫ쳷룬ʱһ󼲷硣
һ༴ת˻һ̧ۣڹЮȻɱԼӭ
ˮĽ˲ʣһ񵲡
һ죬໥ײʱɱⱼڣ𡭡
ƴˮĽֻǿһ¶ԷĹƣغ˺üſסΡ
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ЦһӰһͬʱһһڴϸĴпŷڵķѸٵ
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˭˲֪λ̫ӹϵ׺ڲװѹΧ߶˼ЪϢСһʲôᣬοɲЩġ
⣬ܡҶ϶˾ڰڡֻѲ飬һкҵš
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οڸղŵĴжԷֵؽ˾ʣʹˣʱ󴦵ĺҲ޷ġ
ǰĹţڰ۾üĿ価
̫ӵ˷عӽϣǾϲ⡭


16 
һŴ򿪣ݸ̨һõسſڣЪϢأʲôⳳ£ûûأ
ߵݸǰֵԭݸҹ¥һ·׷ϵˣ˲ˣ»ؽ˰
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˽ƻΪһݸи㣬ҲΪ̫ӵİȫ롣˵꣬ȴ˵ſڡ
Цǵʲô֣һССëɣع©Լְأûץȴܵ߶ţݸһ˿ƵģŪƿԡ
ڲÿ֮ӹֱʹҲãҲǹ˲ѵʲôǣ
Աϣݸϵÿһϸ΢ı仯
㡭ʲô˼û뵽ᱻԷһ˵Уݸ־ָŷڵıӰ˵
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ҹιڴأ͸һ˿ո
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̫ӵ¼ȲϣǱˡδ䣬䲻׽ס̫ӵ֣˵ߣԷӣ
Ȼţ۾㶵ؿ̫ӵСۣ¶һС࣬ӨӨ񡭡
˵Ѿµĺףһٺۺ覴öûУ
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ôĵӣݸĿ֣һ˫ˮʱ˲ޣصǰӡ
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ȷڼµһԶһǰһص޵
ݸţ̫ӵƹ磬ֱߵһԼĪһ˸ߵ滨ľ³ǰ˵˾䣺ɡ
Ŵ滺ƿһҹµ˴խĳ̽ͷ̫ӵһģһò

ԭʮǰһ̥ϲ֮һ뷨ԼŮŵĵչδϧЩպ󶥶ҲֻǸߣԷſӣúýһģһ
֮УΪƵҲΪѡҪڼзͲòһЩɳԽ˻ƽϢ
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ϲôһӣ᲻ȥӡĴܼ򵥣ɳһƷͲһˣʹʲô⣬һ֮ҲԸǡ
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ʵϣȴŮԼߵ̫һԽԽԸʦĶӣġ̫ӡȴƽ̨ܿ
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ʱۣýһ̫֮Ϊݽ龫ǣһĻ󰵿ش֣ٲĪ⡣
̵ǣཻ֮йسʿ˭Ҳ벻Զ׿Ⱥ̫ӾŮ֮ںͬһ͵ʾ˵ϲȻһձⶼ޳Сˣ
ʱʹ֣³߳ʱһ£Ƿ֮أӿ粻յġ
ڴ֮ǰΪ˸õαװһֱѹɤ˵ʮǡڣ˲û˶Աɡ˿ָ̻ԭŮɤԼЩĪϰߡ
뻢Ѩɵûӡðһգ̽Ǻˡ̫ӵɫĮתޱذ鰸ϵһֻͷ̨
˼ǣݣü΢ƽֻ̨߱˵˶Էɱ֯޺¥ˣΪΤã˶ѡ
ѵʲôصϢƽ̨鲻
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ԭͬţѹһһʽƽ̨ƣעȫڋʦֵܹϵϣͬʱ鲻ԽͷдԼĶˣСһȻŮӣ˿Կ϶ǋʹǹ
䱻ϳʦţʴӱǸɶõѧţټ֮ǰ洫֣Ҳһ֮ϧܡܽסʮвȫˣѾ컯ҲɵòڷڣԺҹΣͲҪ֮ԿˣĿǰ㻹Ķ֡̫ӵתã
ԣ
ǡһͻȻӾʹд̼ӻ˻Ρ
̫ӵջԼ֣ȡһСƿ鰸һӣѾʵĵطѽӺãǻƽ̨ҩѸȥס
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ᵽҹжʵݵģֳؼʱ̳ɱ˷ڣʵ󲻳Լ³ʲô
뵽⣬ϿڵԱ߾ĲͼѾȫˣھͻ硣ݸĥī
ǣݸӦǰ̿ī
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һ£漴ӦֳĵĪԼ̫밢ʱ꣬ڲ֡
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ˣֳĿͷһϽͷΪ˷ְ޶ۣػ׵ġ
ҲաʱˣΪɣҲûصļձ㲻ҪˣһᴫŻþϵ̫ӵ˵꣬ͭ档
һ·Сģ
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ȷԶݸסһ̱СϣĨ˰Ѷͷϵ亹Ż񣺡ﰥ̫ˣǸôôѶԸҪϼʱ֣Ƕϣ
˵öԡҪǸ磬´˿ܿ˰ɡ̾һ䣬תƲͭǰָᴥԼգ֮ͬĶ
Ƿڣ˭뵽̫ӻһһģһ˫̥ãžԼ
ݸһ߽Դչһֹţϸղſ佱أӡϺûп˭ǵΪοȥİ
ǰΪʲôһҲ˲ţĿⲻԾſ
ʱǰ¥Ժǽߣ¹µĻһ̡
һԼǶɱĵģܷںԼԩ޳𣬾ܱɱ¾Լı⡣Ȼ˫մȾѪվǸĺˡ
һУһ֪
һ֪࣬ԸѺ֪
ĺȻӿһȻ
ֻǳ£ֻһԷῴĿ
ʱʧȥʱ
ӭǳǳɫͥǰһ֦۳ϸ⡣
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޵ڣͶ˸¡
лҪ˵
ϲⲻ⣿̫ӵתΪŮ̫ӵ
ʵŮĸ綼̫ӵ˹켣һ֪Ǹ̫ӵ
Բת߾һ˲д
߾żʷĹǶֻһң


17 ɽ֮
֮ࡣ
ͥԺĻݲݴ󶼵лƮ㣬ǷҶݱ˰ɪʱһĨɫ
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̧֮Ҷ»ӳԶɽֽȾ
ڷ˽Ųڲ˺̴ǰİ׾á
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ëɣǰû˼ʮһ·ƺƵѵµסΧˣ˵ҪȥѲ飬ôԽͶûƵģΪǺ۸
ݸ̣ȴһ˸ҾǾݸˣϴιһ̫ӵܾĻǸΣպǰɽȪйԡ棬
µˣһݸӴ㲻˵һˣôǵôľţü϶˯žݸȪ¶ˣ
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ݸ׷ϣðʳȫӽ˳ӣվڳֱš
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ݸԷԼӵĻ㽫ɽ֮һ¸֪˼ĩ˻˳һ٣Ǹ湻ΪǵģֲûȪΪǺϡ𣿵»ǲȥĺá
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յµƲ⣬С̫˭İݸһ档̫Ĵһ򵥣
ӵĸ˭ҪҪ̫˽ӣĸҲȻ˲϶һ㣬Ϊá˵ĶԷļ磬˴γıܷ˳ȫˡ
ܸʲôѽݸָָԼıǼ⣬һͷˮ
Ϊ˷̫صѡòЭԼӸõ
˷ҺͰһͬǰɽʵʱֻ衭ݸսһ

ǡˬƵĺ
һ磬ˣ߳˷֮⣬һϤӰԡ
겢δͬһƥ쿥һˬװӭŵɫĳ⣬ɷ
СӲҲҪȥɽɡ
ݸСֹţȴ˵ǰĵܵܣΪβȥ񋪚ѱӺǣһڣֻʣΤһΤȨһСѾͷĶ򡣴˵ǧѷ꣡
ˡ
ݸ˵꣬㳯߿첽׼ɽɲɣ
ݸ㽫װ͸İݸȴȽ˹ȥһš
Լգգ۾ģʳסЩرƷҶˣɽйҲһӦȫ˷ֻܰĳԺ֣㣡
Աϣ˳ԶĳԡĿϹ˵ǰñ̫Ӱ֣Լĵܵܲٳִ㣬˺󼺣߷ڣҴؾķ緶
ݸ̲סЦ˳ⳤҲǸֱڿˣĸҪϲö࣬һʾ˵ķ̲ס˳ǡ
ǰԼҵܵһͨ϶ЩҲסԻػ˭ƤŸģ㲻ǲϲȪ𣿡
ҶȪȻûʲôȤɽԳҿԣúù񫣡ƲһߣԲط
á˵ܵܣֻÿͷ䣬ҵҪԵϻǹܡ
лҪ˵
лĿˮĵף
ҶɱԴڵӰʦҰիݵǲǿƣõȫƾڹȻ÷Сܻð
ҪȥɽˣŮ׿ˡ


18 ֮
˴μɽûдһڣʣµֻһӶʮ
ԴˣʾԼǸһˬʳģ̫⻵¡
ò˵ԼͬһԷˣҲֻǴͷһֱͷ鼮û
Сûпƥū֣
ԭˡ
ڵĽ־˲٣пһдд裬һΣ
ʱ˵ɡ
ʲô鰡㿴ô񣿡
һΣʲôҲû˵ֱӽԼһӡ
ԱʮίСǲΪϴι»ҵ
Ȼ̧ۣһͷˮ
Ҫһȥɽͬһ
Ϊʲô˳ûҡ
Һʱˣ
㶼ͷ飬ü˵Ļش𳣳ֻ֣ɲǶҰô
ŽС㡯ЦãôԽ󷴵ԽСӣ
Сʱ̸˵ء¡
ָͷһһҪ󣬻δȴڵڳ𣺡ϣʱһ·óԭƬ̣ٳ
ɴһߵͷԣҶͣϢɡ
ڰ;ޣνҲǸˮ伢ѡ
մ򿪰ǰͻȻһֻż֡
һԱ߿ʼһ˼ǡ
Ȼ֪ϲԼǴҶڿиԸСðɣ
ȲᷮڣԻԱء
ʹ˺üɫȻԷֻųԣ޶ԡ
֮£ֻԼߵԣóһݸǰꡣ
һ̧ͷǰ󼦵üͷֱ֣ߣ԰ˣ
һˣԼһ⣬ԷôַӦ
󼦵㲻ʲôζʣܱζͬóԵöɣ
ɻ󲻽⣬̹ϵ˽ͣСʱĸһҳԣû-ߣҲӣ״ҪҸܣʹһ﹬Χ׷½أұƷˣֻҪһͲӰ
ͯ£ԾȻδس̾һ˵СʱǲǺܲң
һӱҭƿԡ
Բң⺢ӴСڹУһƤǲ˵Ĵ£ﰤ˵仰ʱ򣬲֪ǲǼĴƺоĻ͸Ľ
סƣֹ
İһʱǨΪһ֮û۸
ʹУҲᡭҲأ
֪οˡ
ǰԼ޷˵رأ
ʲôʸ˵Щ
뵽һȻ
֮һ˽Ÿ·
뱻Լ£Ը˴ҳε£Ǳ˫ۼ¡
Ա㣬ʼ˯Ƥֹסشܡ
ͻȻ͵һ£һݣˡ
ѣ۾ֳֻʣһˣæһƿӣȴͳվһͼΧųš
ô£
ϣݿˡ̫ƣ취ù߰ݽȥĳ˳ػһС
ǰ˿ӻͦģȥλҲȽϹŹ֣ȷʵ̫ô
ԺԣԸɵţ飺ô鷳ɽɽ²иСôֻͽ·͵ˣ;ء
ʼҲ˳ʱĵ·Ҳǵͷá
ǳΣҶװһ
µĻǰɼҶԼһͷ
ԲУǰ棬˽Խ»Ȳһ֪Ǵ˼ҵĹӣǸ
һһС򣬱Ŀ⡣
Щޢ껪Ůһ溬ߣ-ĵ
֣ЩŮӳͶǺⰡԵһιļУʲôʡ
ǷϰףŮӽԼַƵˣԷң˱ɳˡܳһʱ䣬ǶЩ渵
ôʣѵҪѭ𣿡
Ѱգôؽ
֣Ҹտкü̫ӵͶˡָָ·ߡ
ԵòΪȻ㵤Щӹ֬׷ۣ
˵öԣûһ֣ۡôЩģһתȻ򣬡ˣ̫ӵյôңȴһûУԶеƽ԰ɣʵ㷸ѰգҲҲûյôҲ˵ӹ֬׷ۡ
һ仰û꣬һССʲ·߷һѽס̯һԭһֻһҡ
񣬵һŮӿߴؿڣСȻūҵĶūұˡ
ӵġһ˵ƲԼҵܼܵӿ첽ǰȥˡ
һ·ҲֻۣЩڿʣѰ˸̯˺衣
û뵽£̧۱һ˲ĴҴҵ߹
ǲ죺ǲȥ伯𣿡
ľ룬ֱΪ˲裬˵Ǻ̰棬ſʲôҲء
ɳڹĶǵǣȴܶһݳԣҲίʵѵá
ЦЦȴΪܹӵһĴֵܶеԵĸҡ
ΪߣǰУԸΣķĵ·ʼһػȥ
лҪ˵
л˰ĵף
Ӧöע⵽µ̫ƽѾڳ΢˵ˣĳվͬĵ߷˿ҲСţҳϮҸκεɫ̺֤ݣҴһֱɧ-šѾ΢ڣɾͶ֮ôô
֮дҪǸл⼸ǶҵĹĺ֧֣߾ܸжġͬʱҲϣҲҪ嶯ȥظҳͷҲҪͼ޳󱲽ͨģǵСԼQɡС˵ֻΪͼģϣҵÿһ߱ǶĵġȻԺ۾ͽɫָеĲ㣬߾ʾǳϲּ
һ¼ҵʫǿԱ΢糾Ť桱


19 
˰裬һͷƳ̯治ԶźһС̸ૣˣڲǲϲֵô
˵ֶļаǶСԵ·̯Ϊ˵ɽغΪԷʷʲô˵˾䡣
Եģ
졭ڲǸԻ
뵽̲סֶȥ
Ҹɺ÷˿ݣ۽ÿһݡ˵꣬һǮҵ˹ȥ
ϣλүСüЦؽӹǮֽؽԷѡĸʳֱãװ
ӣû߼˸档
ӴôóԵģ˭İɨһʳЦЦ
ڱû˭ȻǶԷʲôʲôŶղſ·۽ģݸﰮԣȥɽûЩ
δĸģʵǲǶ⣿ûȷڻش˵ϲƤ˿ڣҳǡҸӿǴСĽ飬ҪССŮһûġ
С̫ˡҳҶݸȷʵЩøУĿǰΪֹֻѡҾϾ̫ӵŮŪãŪûǶԷˡӲοһ֪ݸء˵֪ʵġ
൱һŮͬ˵檣һ㲢
ƽݸһһǵ¡¶ά̫ӵҲֵİɡ
ãͼǫǫӣҿʱܰ˸㵽֡Լ̽һ¶Էʲô˼û뵽ƺ«ٵͷһ؆½ô࣡
Ϊ˾ɽȪйһ˲Сϵ̫ñ·֮ǰڵɽ
ŷںæڴȡˮ֮ʣͼ˲ٸɲ֦
ȵȼڿһٷʢʱڸɭ˺þõĳԲ١
ڿʲôѽô㣿һ⣬ѭζ䵽ڿļԡ
տϡ֨֨ͣɢĿ⣬ʿˮ̲ס־Ҫ˺ȣȴһֱۣèǵԣ
æ˴죬ҶԱʾ
Īö࿾һŸζʵڵȲˣﻹЩӺ͸伢һ淭תżϵһֻҰ俾øȣһЦ˵
ƲƲ죺һǵɡ
ø첲˴ԼҵܵܣҾͲˣǷǴģģ㵤ġո˵Լæ˰죬ʲô
ҴѽԲʾ
һֻҰãһֻɽ
Ѿܲˣ㲻֪ҰжѴҪ˾һͷײʯϵײΣҸ׷ɽȥģҷ˺ô󾢲һֻ
˭ºڣ˵Լһٷʢҵģ
ֱվ˵ۣҪһԣ
ֵ춷òֱֺ˵ˡԹ˲Ϻֳ磬ܵտҪһʡ
ȵǣֱӽһֻ֦ͬһߣȻ˺¿ý-˵Ӻȵݵǰţģ
ָ첲ա
죬δ㱻ֻȣܸ˰ɣ
⻹࡭
Գһ⣬ۣ㡣Ȼ䣬ʲôְӺȷָˣԼʲôѽ
ʣôأɽҲڿˣиϯضʣµĴֻ̻
Աҭţʱֻںͼ¸ԶԶسߺϣץ˺ö㣬˾͸͹
̫ˣҿôˣԱ˵˳سһȥˡ
鲻תͷڵ
ǵȻ񋪚ӺǣȻûܽγڳһʯȻ泩
뿪Ҳζ뿪Ȩģڳϵǰ;ѾȻֹ
˵ˣ̨һ£ڻճԸеһ£Ǵι´ĪҪдð֮ˡ
⻰ôΤһǵΪûɱ􋪚ڼĹȰ֪Էĺ⣬ȴĲΪȻ
ķ֮ǿһ֮⣬Ⲣʾû֡
Կ϶Τδܼʱϵֹ䣬ҲһԽ͵նɱ
̻вۺѪͲḶܴۣԼҲδܺˣȻʤһһ
޵Ĺӳ˼Ĳգ򴽣ȴ˼ɵԼ˵ݣվûпڣ˼಻֪Ʈ˺δ
лҪ˵
С糡
ݸΪʲôҪãôɰءôộ
⣩
⣩
ԣ⣩
ڣûбҪʹ
˵һ£С糡õǵӰϵľЦŶΣ޹أֻΪһo**o


20 ¶
ɽӣһ˶˸硣
ԶȪȤɽ£˳һĻȻżԼʣµʮɽˡ
ɽйڰɽϣȻȪ֮ң
һ˱㵽йڴ˱ţʱ
ԼĪ켱ڸ·ʹҲֻӦ֮һɽ˿иʵĻţͿտҲٷø㡣
óԣҵûˣҲڣɴʲôҲˣֱڼвˡ
Լ߸ͬСɽһļѼ⣬Цãô࣬Ե꣡
ǾͼϲԵĶЩ
ţظԵ޵Ϣ
Ա㣬һ˯ƻʱֲſͻȻӦ˼ҪԷȥɽȪҴۡ
ƿţֻ޹ſڵĻԣһС֦ڶϡ
Ⱥܾ˰ɣôù˽ң
ͷ΢΢һЦи˵˯Ϊ󡯣˯˺죬Σ˵й⻨Žأ࣬Ҳġ
˵Ц䣬˺ɽ
ɽйѾãҲعзɵĺȥȪһ
ӳЯ޶ĸ̫ٴ˵أʱаݵĳֻΤһˣνǼĶˡ
ټɼʮ˵ԡؽǰӵֱܷһͷ峺ȪˮſԴԴעڡ
Ÿʲô·˰
ɹǷųȥһֻۣʣһ˿-µðŻع񣺡ԡҺ㣿
䣬ȻʶʲôһϽȥ
֣ǻһɷ̵ĹˣߵԷǰԣ㵽ôˣ
ûûôѣ۾֪ĶţûȪ𣿡
ЦаЩ̳ܰ켦
⵹ЦɽȻȪƣ¶ˣܹϴԡĽһ
ǾˡҲϴ˱ǡ
ΪΣüķӦʵڹŹֵúܣ֮ǰúõġ
ңҪǡϰ߸һͬԡ
ܲ⣺ʲôϵֲŮģʲô
ϰ߾ǲϰߣˡ
Ҵ˦һ䣬֪βļŲҪתֱһץ⧲֮һͷԽԷ
²ȣһͬһȪˮС
ˮûжץżĸ첲΢΢ʹ㽫˴ˮ
û°ɣ
һҡͷһƴԣǺ˼ˮȻްһʱ˵
ۿһ·ȫʪˣͷҲϣȰ˵Է͵ϴԡһȻɾۡ
׼ȴƳԷڴ󿪡ʱĿɿڴ㣬Ůˣ
̫ӼȻŮˣ
·ʲô˲ըķѣĩ
𶯣۵ɴ޷ŵǰ֮ˣĿǱסƵһ
šžһ죬΢΢ƫһߡ
һƣ
һƴҲʼǰλνġ̫ӡ
㲻̫ӵ㣬˭
˺üͻͻͷϾ亹ܲԺһƬհףֻоԼһ̤գŲͣ׹䣬ֱ׹ޱԨ
֣̿£־ĲԼݵı¶˿̵
δ䣬ûһ˿¶ȣ·ڹһ֮˵Ĵǲͣȴ޼µĶ
˵㵽˭
޿ˣԷԡصһǡ
һץסʪ죬Է-Լ֮ڣĶһȦȦˮ

ǿ̧ͷؿɱڵȫɪɪ·һԼᱻ˺顭
лҪ˵
ˣСˣ
ŮȻСӦýʲô˼ing񵰣


21 
ֱس¶Էϵһι׹ɫӵؿССľͷͬһĿȴڸǲ΢ⶫǴĶġ
͸ҵġ
δ䣬Ц˺ʱ͸ô⣿
ⲻľͷֵҵššֱ֡е˵
Щʱ£ѵͳͳ
Сֶܲ⴫ģλļ̳ˣӦ֮Է֪֮
Ȼġֵ֪ˣ˸ֻˡ
ʹΪһ֮ĺӣϲҲδΨһһԹģֻа
ĻԽԽͣ޷϶һ׮׮һ°ǵö٣ֻԼĻŶ٣Щö֪
ȻЩĵεֲͬڵľͷһʵڣα
ĿĻϲؽӽӲȥ
֮ΨһɾĶˣҲԸȥȥá
ǹ˵أûи߹𣿡ľͷ˹Ҽ˼
򴽣ڵ㱾뽫ԼָңҲδôӵܵܣһ֪һΣգҲ֪Ҳ߶һ˿вǸвԼ
ǡСɱȥɵעǰŮӡ
Щ䣬ЩϸڶԷ֪һ
һðߣϲ֪
ǵǸԼĺ
ٳٲȥֱ棬ȥȷϣΪˡĵףһֱ᲻öůֻǾˮ£ЩֻԼһԸļһֻһıһƭ֣һѣԼȻСһ裬Ӳдػš
üһһ̣ѱ뻳С
̫ˣ㡭
㣬ҲҺ㣬ҲſһˣԼһС
Ż֮ˣ̰ظŶԷϵϢ˫΢ϣ·ֻܹѰһ˿˿İȫС

ڴйѲ߻ʱѾҹĻ٣³·޵ǰմһŵĹˣֳֵ޵ȴһƬδƵơ
ǣǰʣôЪϢˣ
ϴȪسһֱ̫ӴһҲСǸţСֻһ̴
ǵ̫ӵһ
ڲźۼüĪ˵ĸо
ˣǵ˵ɡ
뵽⣬ֵصĹǼȥطѲˡ
ʱֵĺԵĺ⡣
ĻУ羵ǵ㡣
ϥڲݵϿǣȻҹĪ˷纮
һ漴϶˵ԭǶԷ˼Ӻϡ
ллԵͷͻȻʲôתͷ֧֧ᣬû°ɣңһĵġ
Ƭ̲ŷӦԭԷָһƣɴҰίͰ͵Сģôû£ڻءҪһവһ
Ҵ
ʲôô
ʱˣҲǲҲǡ
̾˿Եλá
Էɫ糣֪֮ǰȪԡط²δ⣬뵽԰㰤˲ݵϡ
㲻̫ӣ԰ɣ˼̲ס˾䡣
Ҳ£̫ӦǺ㳤Ƶֵܰɡ
⣬߬߬½ǣ֪λش
˵㲻Ҫ˵ˣĹ˼סܶʱǶɼḲֻ֣ҪҶʱС㹻ˡ
·ʲôĵ׺֮ɵƫͷ
İԼͲǴǰǸ洿ǵĺˣ˫մȾѪۣ౻ƺıռԼĿȫǡֻǣЩ˵óڣ
Ȼ㲻̫ӣӦúʲôأ
ǰúʲô
ô
Ǹ֣̫ӵһġ
һݵˣһעӰӵˣĻԼأ
ܲСʱ㡮СɣЦ
ݸԸ⣬Ҳδɡ
ǰġһ޶ĳƺǡ̫ӡǡҲǡ¡͡ΪģԼĶ
纰㡮ɡ˵
Ĭ֡
ֻаֻܻԼ֪ȻĻϲ
һȫԼ֣ڰԼڲһӰӡ
ôˡתĿ⣬㿴ӷӯӯˮ⣬ɪҹ΢΢
һ㶣ֻǾñǻЩᣬ֪ԼļᣬǸϽ۾û£Һϲ֡
䣬ȻָһɫҹյǳļǣԸ
˵ţ˫ֺʮ˫Ŀš
ȵۣ㿴Եһмı飺
ԸԸʵ֡˵СӶδػš
СһǸϴ˵ֿߵͷǻữҹеǳңػ㡣
ֿˣ
ҵĸ󡭡Σ˶һˣȻҶĸһģӡûУһֱϿңҡ
û˵Ըڤڤ֮һ˫ڻԼһ·絶˪ʬɽѪƾԼһ֮ζɹ
ʲôԸ£˻⡣
ԸҪ˽ܵóԸδ롣
ǲܵģҲԸʵжѣںЩ˱עǻĴڣԼ밢ҲҪ
ϡҹɫδ롣
ҹŲҶ¶㲻źۼƮķǽ֪˭Ҳһȥ
֦΢΢ҡţԽǴԽԵô˼ؼȡ


22 
ʲô̫ӵŮģһᴦ䲻̩ɽķէһʯ쾪ʵҲסİȻ
£ֻ֪֪Ҳ˵ȥġԼ˰յ裬
ŶԷԾһ²ؼӣ̲סڵС㲻һж̫˸Ů̫ӣйԶŮ̫ӣصҲǴˡ㵱ûģ
ĿתϰŵһʳУǸӣ򿪺иǣֻѿտҲȴһɵ㡣
ΣΡǰĸΪ⣬аŶ⣬˭ȫ͸أڣΪһ֮ӵеĶ࣬ҲԼĺ͹ʧȥʲôڵʲô˲ҪֻҪȷСʱǸңҺõĺӣ͹ˡ
ķ·𱻻Уڴ㵵ؿǰû뵽ĻȻ˵
еСдʱ򣬻ΪһЩһЩ˶¶Ƭ̵ĸˣɥʧ侲¡
ѩ֮̿Ȼɹ󣬿ѵΪǸůɱ۾
뵽⣬еԣҶģԴǸ̫ӵʼ⹬﹬⡢ﰵһֱϡڣָ̫ǸŮˡСҲǲ֪Ƕʱ꣬ϾعĹж˫۾һһУλΪҵְҲκ˺㣬ֻһ΢СĿܡ
ʳл£ⲽǰ
һ˲ĻȻںȻ࣬ѾǸŽŻҪ΢΢˵ĺˡԭͻȻ䳤󣬶ʱۣѹأ
ֽ֮վһԣؿδѵһһȥɬɳΪģ°ܴӶԷĽüĿδǺɽǬ
ߣָ¡緢ؽʷűʻӺһʱʵŨīزʡ
һעῪٵأɾһǧ﹦ҵľ䱩¶Σķ֮£
δʱļֲΪԷֻǵصԼ㰲οһжΪңҷģ֪ԼʲôʲôҲϲͿ˽˸¡ڰĶȻ㸺𣬸üӾͼӣ쳣ԼŰͺãȷ֤ݡ㰴£ΪҶ˼ɡ
ڵͷ˵ǡ
аٸнı֤԰
ϷԣȻЧҵϲСأ
̫˽⺢ˣԽ֮һƬ޷ԳΪһ棬ͬʱҲߡһ̫ӵΣع֮£СǷϣ
ЩڽԲö֪
ΪְֻʹٺãҲԽ𱰡
ˣֻܱϣһвԼ̫࣬С֮ģ̫ء
һɽһգ˵峿Ԥ
й̷޵ﴩϣ׹˵һԡ
ڣڲţǲ𣺡ǵȼˡ
ϵۻĹ䷨Ͳ꼯еӣһձαɽе֣Сʵ͸ˣҲΪ뵽÷ɸ봫һСվŵͭǰڸոմװݣ³ļﻹûüע⡣
ЩС·Ķģһ£ָ⸧ϸţܾϤС
Ƿǵǰ̫ɽ
ڻ䣬̻Ȼ򣺡ˣһ˵˱ˣʱһͬǰĻл̫··ӦʱĸΪ˷Ƶģѹ졣
ϵʱǳͣͷҪ·¡
ǰĸɣСʱ϶ءḧ·ڸпϧһˡ
괽Ц͸Щɬڲ׽źۼذο֯Ҳܲ
ȥɽ·֮ãʱй⽫ƥݵȰŵһӦȫ
سʱ˵ʲôҲͬˣڶԷĹǱʾ⣬ƥԸ
ֳ֮࣬ǰ
һ˵ȱƺƵ̷;м伱ɱϾһ֮ļӣܲƤߴա
װ֪ǳԿһ˿ߣΪЩ죬ƫƫɶҲ˵ֻܸż
ʱΤǰѲ飬ҲӺǣӼ˱幫İš
ʱŽжǰһ֮빬š
ż׸һȣںļʮӢˣĿ⾼
ڶмĳڣ͸µķֻϡӰ뼧һһ
վڽӼݶǰһԼҪԱ
Т֮ӣׯӳĸܵܣʮһѽ֮꣬ϿλʵҪһЩ
Ӿʱ̲ס࿴ۣԺвֳƽ̨ѼĹڴ˵ȫϣڱΪ䰲ʮԱ֮һƽ֮սʱʾǧһٽضԾ·ʮ֮ãΪؾΧԾ˺ͣӳչܣӳλ󱻽ְع˾ܡ
ڻһصݸȲؽһߣһϢҪ
ҲһϢҪ㡣

ݸټ˿޾ɣǲ죺ʲôϢ
ҧҧ·¶İ˵ңұ¶ˡ


23 
ͻǾ䡰¶ֱӰݸˣûʲô˼
ȻһСɫͱˣļٵģ
̾˿ڿЦ𡣡
Ȼãһ˵һԣⲻǿЦı¶ˣ
ȥҪˣ
Ӧݸʹһģһˡſʼӷ䵹
ڸʲô
ؿݸֻһߵ·һ̧ͷʰ׼ʱ̸ǳ밡ѵץ𡭡ˣϾһߣ
˵ġ¶˼֪һƽ̨ݣֻǣֻǲСŮġԼٲݸ㲻ʲôͿ
Ŷզ˵һŷˣһΪȻʶﲻԣݸһ˫۾ʱϴ
ʲʲô֪ǡ⣬ϽסԼ죬̲סСУô֪ģѲѾ
ʲôأ̲סʳָһݸţȻȪй﷢һнһ顣
ȷ˵ȥˣܵܳأзأ
ӦҲὫ¸߳ԣڷڣʹ֪ҲҪ
ôҪǸɵװɵʵﾫأ֮ǰͶģҪ±֪ǻ˵ã
ıȥģһڲΪ塣ߵǰ΢΢ɴ
ȷʵ˵߳ԣ֤ĸ󶼲͸¶֣δἰڡֻҪԼ£öԷץʲôţôҲûá
ûʲôʾҵ˼ǡѵû˻бĿģݸĵǺʵʣȻѾ֪̫Ůӣôûɲɴ˷صĶ
ӦûС˼Ƭ̣˵йģ֮᲻˼Ǹ֮ˣһΪ˽ġ
Σһĳ顢˶ʱǷݵ覵ĸȥƣȥŪһػˮȥЩ顭
뵽ĿʹǰһѣΣְסؿڣüͷ΢΢
ôˣǲ޼ַˣݸע⵽ԾʧɫϽϢ
û£·ϱЩԲԼȻ˽ģֻҪ˼ǹأпľɼ
ȻΪϵ̫ԼΪ֪Ļƽ̨˼ıǹܲģֻܾľƽͣ²²𣬴䲻
ղ˼Լ밢ǰ£䴥ңƣܲѡ
ˣո˵ҪһϢʲôݸ̫Լ˻⡣
Ϣǡݸһת˸ӣ²һһɣ
С족˵Ϊˬ֮ʱ棬¹£ǲԪǿļƷЩʱǰ¹Ϲ¹Ŀ˱ࡣ
˽˾㱻С˸֪¥ϵżѾ
޷Ǿһ¥ɡ˸ٴλӣȻݸ
С˼װ̸²ףضѰգǸڵصкλǵһɣ¹ǳģҪһѣŵԼ滨ףΣ
ˣû㣬ɣ衣˵
ϣ
ݸ죬ֹ
¹⣬ˣع֮ǰ֪¹ľƼȾ˵ջҪع඼ʱԤƲˣ
˶ˣƫƫֻ裬ԭΪ˦Ӵһٵݸơ
ôˣɻ󲻽ݸԴϣһ޾ɵģʱһ⡣
ҡݸȰ˵ô㼸¾ƵĲˣͻȻĿһݣ΢΢ͷԼѹüͣ£ڸǡ
ʾԼصġ
˴Լӳſʼʱβһ·¹ϣǺݣ˴𰸡
õɣûãһȺ˵˽ﴫ뼧ݸĶУб󷽡
ǿ£һ²
ܿѹɤϰ֮ˣǸڳˡ
ͬ˺شȥɶ¶Ӱ
ˣַڴû˵²˽⣬˶٣ȻЦ̫źǵ¡
׼ͷȲ裬һ䣬һͣ
̫ͳźһȵ£ΪɶǳźأԵİӲһ˫۵ɵԲģźڶ
ǻʣΪźǮеλ
ɣ̫ȱǮ۵λ˭ܸߵù̫󣿡
缸Ȱ㣬Ϲߴҳˣǻ
ôҳˡ
ۿһȺ࣬ĭҷɣͻȻǻ˵ҽһţ¶ֵ⼸-ı飺źƾʲôܱ̫УȻƾǡ
˵ţָָԼĿ-ɡ
һȻ򣬸ղЦ
ݸЩһڲˮǺæ̧ͷּɫܲÿˣһӵֱضԼ
£ʵҡݸ﷢ëδְٿĪĸо
ҪǣбǼ˵ĻȻڼ
źֹǷļһǸô󣡡˱˵ֱȻһ´СʱΧ߲Լͬ
ȻҲбʾɵģǻҲ̫ģܵˣ
Աϣ˲Ц
ңҿûƭǡƼģۼԸȺշ졣
Ӵ˼ҳźʲôʲôˣզͱƼˣ
޺¥ģһ
޺¥أˡ
ǣ޺¥ʲôض̻ӣߣȥĵط
ôȥˣһӣĴָָָԼ°ͣԵ¹ϵ¹⣬ȵ¹ϵƣôȥ޺¥ҲԲȲ˯ŮˣҾֻȥֱݲô
Уϻˣ˵˵㵽޺¥ɶΧ߽̲סߴ١
ҿź̨ϱˡط۷Ź⣬ˣͻ˳ɣǽмĳжֻ³ꤣȻźԼǸ泵˽ȥǲôţ
ôţ
Ȼ⽫ꤸתˣ
䣬˵һһϴ󡭡Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ
˼Ҫûˢӣôȥֻ̫Ҫ̫ź˳ˣǮưٰ¶ٺ١ЦţȻ˷ܾû
ҲòֺۿΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ȴǰҲȥˡ
ǸδµŮЩʱ˿ճ죬˵Ǯұš
ݸߵüҲ˲¹ˣϽһ׷˳ȥ
лҪ˵
ɶҲ˵ˣ˽ϸڵģָ·д˾ǨĴʷǡ


24 ҥҥ
¹ϣֱ˰
ݸչϵţתʱȴɱԼò֪Ǻã£ҽͰ
ʲôɽ͵ģڷ䴫һЩ̫ҥԣҲ˵Աÿһ㣬Ȼû뵽ҹĿ࿴˵ţ鲻ԽԼȻ̡
ҳ̫һֱģҲҴȥġΪ˴ﵽЧġ׺Ѧĵ̣ھ￴ǼһǳоåֻҪһǵͣûܴұҥԲİ⣬ݸԼҲеѽ⡣
ʲô
ݸͷֻ˵̫͋˽飬ҿʲôҲû˵
棿ôʣж˵ס
ݸôףҲϲѡ
ǧȷһҪѽЩЩҾԴҲ벻СѾͷһеر⡣
һĨӰȻ߳ļ侹ްϢδ¶ľ
ݸգգ۾һͷˮؿŶȻǰˣ𣬰֮ǰܲȴкУո⻰ʲô˼
ҥԵĿ֮ǡǡڴˡ߽䴫һˣⲦ˾һͼӴ˵ˣһʮʮٲɢĿȫǣٴʼٸʱ˵Լϲˡ
ôһ˵ˣѹϰճ˵ҥһ죬ҥܶȡ
ҥɳܣݸһĴ-ȣߵ
䣬оﲻԣȻͼ뾣һݵĿⶢԼ󾽣ҸѽҡҥΪ˽жΪ˹-ңЩåںûڲûߣɳܵǣ
˵ˣʼٸӦǵѽû⣬ȥ¡ݸ̲ס̣ȻҲֻǸ̰ˡ
뵽̲ס̾һԴϣһƣҥѾˣڸôȰ
ҡҡͷҪȡ̫֮䱾϶˷ҥԾΪĸϵѺ۸ʵǵĿѾﵽ
˵ţת򼧵Ϊأ
ǸΪĸˣһƱػһ
żȴһֱŴĳֻԼ֪ǸȪķ

̫ӵʱţûװɳһ㽫˻㱨
һᵽ˷ڵľ
̫ӵŮһͬȥģõϸͨƣߵţĳδװ̫ӵ빬ţ˲ټ϶ԷֲҲҸ̫
һ˼⣬ʵ̫ӵȥʲô˽Ӵ
¹ϵһ裬һȥˡ
ȷ
ڵ»һ£ȻҡҡͷȷʵûСһֱں棬δκнǣ¹ϻ
ڿԥһлҪ˵ȴֳɵӣһɵôΪ𣺡ĥʲôл˵
º̫ӵ޹ءǣǹ̫ġǣ˽Լھ￴һȫ˵˳
Ҳˡ
ǲŻ찡Ȼ£
ɳߣһʮʱ϶ŰΪ˾õعȷ֤ôڵãûأôȻֳ˴
ЩԴ˶ã룬ô˿ҪĻǾֹԵ󻯣⴫
ʱղľ¥ﶼ̸ۡΪҥԿѾȫˡʼյͷҳ
û뵽Ļһ˵꣬ȴδڵĳŭ
ɻ̧Ƥֻһ䡰Ҽ̽·Ҳ㼱Ҵҳš

ƵشӸȪֱ̫ĵǹȥ̾˭ҲֻøϿȥҷڿܲüȰס
ǹڣԼѾ˯߻ԱֻһŮźˮ
ʱûͨԼЩ⣺ôˣʱ㲻Ӧ鷿ѧϰ𣿡
ζĸɫҲܲá
̫ùŮ£ȻߣԷͷЩóãȴϱһֻӿ
ôˣԼĶԴԼҲ˼ŭ
ƳϵС·ֻǴ˸ףûϾµҲ֪·˭ġ
ʱŭգԼҲԽԽߣһֱ벻ͨΪ΋˷˭ĵ͵ӡڶˣԭĸΪ
㵽˵ʲôԼʵŪԼĶôĻ𣬸㲻Էö˶˵ΪҪᵽˡ
һĸװͿ닪֮ЩѴ˾֪
ԼڷӦŭһ⳼ҺһҲ˼棬֮ݺң
ôôŲþô£ɳԶˣ֤ҲգԸոϵͷֿѾȫ롣Ŀ޴Ŀգƾһ֮޷ֲĸΪ˭ڰа
ʲôѿգһŲ֪ҲǸˣ䴹ЩҪдǴֻҪǽҪ£һӲʣûĻ˵̫꣬ʸڷϡ
һЦƣ̨յĹ磬ĸܲ᲻֪ɣϯ֪֮ƻ޼Щε֪ģЩɱҲ̫̫˰ɣҸɢϯĸͽˣǵõǹ̨ҪķѰʱĸǶָ̨ƣΪѸٵظϹ
˻һٲȻˡҲһɺϴżȻν׮׮ɺϣ
Լĸײ⣬ȻһòʶǰλԼѪܵΪ˴ʵŮˡ
˵ˣԼҲ̾Ϣһ˵ҳȷʵ㹬ﰲһЩˣֻһʳӣ⡣
𣿡ЦЦĿȴģϸȥԼ͸һĨȪǹ֮ңĸĹĶʱԹαؼӣ
㣬ҥԲ֪ڸġ͸ĸģԼԾΪһСᣬƢҲҲˣԼ˽;Ϣˣû뵽ԷȻ顣
ĸģĸ˵˰ɡһΤӲּһĸ󾿾Ҫöںεأ䣬㰤̫һ⡣
ⲻһΰȴһΰԼĸ׵Ĵ
ԼǰɫĮȻޱ÷ˣӸҹ
̫δôĻ𣬶һҪϹؽգǿϰ
ŵùһأ㿴ҿ㣬м޴롣
ĸ󲻱˴£ԼߡԼʢŭıʼյġ
˵һ䣬תȥƫ


25 ұƹ
ڻûȪڰ;˷ߵһС̴ӣûڣС̴Ӿε˾Ƶһץס䣺ϣˣūˣ
ڿ齹żпǱ߳˲ӣϽʵأ
С̴һΣϽҲ֪ôˣؾ̫ﴳ˭ҲסʱˣһֱûȥǹҲʲôû
ڰһ⡱մοѾһСƢЩƱز̣ƫƫ̫ӼѱͿ¡
ǹǷϢ̬൱ˣ֮һȰö̫ˡ
ϧΤʱ
뵽˳ԣԿ̶ȥ˳ĸۡ

˵ʲôĸֽڵǹڣһ˵£ɫ˲䡣
ɫأδȷ´ǾݵǹֵĹŮ˵Ͻȥñ̫˼ȻûϢӦǱ̫һ֮¹ˡ
кһ֮ʲô֮Ҳ˵ؾ͹ذοռǼ䣬ʱûгڼֳǺãĸǺͿּ
ڱȭ΢΢¹ش򳤰Ѱ
ԵͷֵҵȻԹۣһȥ취
ǰŸճԱϻɰԼһԲߡ
֮Ȱ̫ģΨһˡ
ɰ䣬̲ס̾˿ǿգΤ˻أҲҡֻӣ΢ᣬĸ֮Ҳ׺񣬾ȥҲδܽ⡣
һǰȥȷʵò󣻿ټһͬǰǹʩѹ̫󿸲סѹȻϡ
ſ͵飬Ե˷ʹãټҴǾȨҲǸĹӣԽ֮£˾ٵͬı氡
طĹ涨ֻоټңɰƺ϶ķӦԵòż
ҡҡͷǵûС
ˣ̫ûο¼Ȩϵ׵ܵܣ׷ĳд˾Ϊϣأ
˼Ƭ̣İãҼȥ岮ǡ
һ·۶ȥӰɰͭµ¶һ˿Ц

ƻ衣
Ϧ£ɫ
ĸҡ
ʮһܣҿ˻ˮǾͲҪۏˡǼ䣬ԼǸŮ˾ȻʱӹȱϯʽɲǼС£ʱ˽֪ĸ£ǶȨƳ÷˵һߡ
ǰʮһܣǾͱˣʱ򿴺ϷǡһӸ͡
ҵôΪĳ˼ΣƷ²յعٹɣΤϺѹҶ꣬ĲǽĸƿôΤ֮䲻ѾãӋһ±ɿ˫ЭȻʵìѾɵ͡ΤìҲᱬʱԮ֣ԷΤͬʱҲǷһ顣
ʮһܵ˼Ǹϣһת׵ĺ룬ɲɣСӲӳöԸù׾ܿĻжˡʱ˵ʲôǷ飬һСӷԡƹΪǵô죿
˵꣬Ҳ׷ױʾǡ
԰Сӷţ
ðķղֵã
ǡЦһǳԳģҲǳټġʹҪڹȻĺõܵ
˻һһ룬ȷʵе˾ɣȻҵģܣһǵš˰һ֮£ֶΪ
ǣ˽Դһ£ͬǱһʮһܰš

ֵ˷£ҹУǳҲԵ޹⡣
ǹĽǷҵͭڷ㷲졭
Լźܸе겻׼йŮ˪ȥЩ㣬û뵽ڴ˿˪Ҵҵ̫󣬳һҴҪūסѾˣ
ʲôԼһʱûع
ǿǹūסǡ
˪䣬һҵĽŲһȺ漴ԼߣΪǳԡ
ԼùŮ£Ȼ¹ڣذǰҹɫʱңǲʱ˰ɡ
ĸ⡣˵꣬ع˸
Լۿֻ˾䡰ʲô¡
Կżɽֱ˵ؿڣĸ󼴿̷֡
Ļ˵꣬һҴĬƵģһأ̫ͷϣ
ԼɫʱѿҹܽԼĶӣʲôʱֵ๣
ԣ΢΢ͷһ֮ⱻнȥֻ¶ĸӲοվһһȵļ䣬ĸԴΪأ
˵꣬Ҳװ˰ݣймҹ档Ϊ޴ʹ̫Ҳܶ˽Դãһ˵ʧгȰɣһ˵㡣֮ӡճǶ岮һһ˵
һ꣬ԼɫףȴһʱҲɡ
˵䣬⳹̫ʹ̬ʧȥƣʱȳֻ¸ѡϻûȰĴ󲮣ҲǹԵİҲŲ廰һʮһܺôഽ࣬˵Ůˡͷʶ̡ϷǼʶˡ
Լ˰뱲ﱻ˱ָժҧǵʲôҲˣǺôĵӣңҽǲˡֵΣ
ûȳԿڣıȣôȱ㳤𡣡
Ըֻ̫ͷϡһͬ
Լδ˵ȳ棬ֻ֪ԼΪ̫ȴһƿСвˣʧȥǣŭɶغðǡǾұƹױڣ
䣬һĻΧ
ԼȻָųԡһˣЩҳӸ£
漴ʵԳԾһ̧
ԭԺȰ˵̫˷ŵ̬Ĵ㡣̫Լ׺ϾԼҲ׶ӣôҲϵ̫Ȼ˲Ȱ治Ҿ˿˼棬嶯üױ
չʢ಻ܲ˵վ̫ԣ֮ӣ֮ܣ˭Σ
һȳĽֻһ룬˫ֲ¡
˵öԣǵݰ⽭ɽվյĽɽ˭ǸԼǻ
ˣˡ
ԼٳûжŭǶ𣿰ȺҳӸͳͳϳȥ


26 ׷Դ
ԣĵܵܣ׷ĳױȻҶֲ̫Υֻһӡ
ĹڵϣһЦ嶼еġҳӡ̫Լʲô
Լɫɰױָ࣬ųһˣ˵ϻ
˫ŵĹؼʱ̣һϤ˶ϣôˣĸôδϢ
˽Է׷תͷһɫƫͥŲɫȻ

㲻ǡ
̫Խһ㶣˵Ҳ
òǹĸ󣬱ڴ˶һЩʱĿڵ΢ɨһȦ죬岮Ķˣ
Ĵڣȴʹ˸ɫֹ
ۼԼֶӲ飬ı˻⣺Ǽ䣬Ϊȷһʧǰˡ
һֱʮһ尲ţεȻҲ⣬ʮһ忴Űá
ĺεȾȻô˵ˣҴൽΪֹ˰ݱȥ
ת岮һʱȴסһͷǰһ֪֪֮Խ
֡ңûб˼ҧҧ´ѾʶԼΪףֻϣֲҪ˶
ĸͷϣܿѾɱģΤҲδرס㡣
֣⡭Դ󾪣ѹû뵽ԼֻһʱǷǣɱ֮
ռ֮һʹݱܷͷ㣬Ϊ֮ɡ˵꣬ӻԼĵܾܵ뿪̫ס

صԼĸȪʱҹɫ
ڵŴվñֱȻػſ˿
ϴйˣ޹ֻʣͷڡ
֮ǰڹŴԶԶһǹȥˣô£
ڻδ䣬յֶ˶٣ô£Դһҹǹĸ󡣡
д£Ƥһʶѿڶ
Դ˾˿ٲȻǲ֮ģƹ졣ǣǣȴ⡣
¿볤취ģ²ûټңڸϽ͵ϣˣôҲǾУǧҪ
ԱΣȻ˽⡣⺢ڴȷʵ˺ͿǣڶࡢԵĻֻԼӱȴȻ֪
ڲɵò죺ôΪ֮ߥ޹ƻ󣿡
һʼҲδɣϸϸȴ޴ɵءвյζðյ΢Ĳˮӷ𣬵һ֮ĸִٵԴһڴǹĸŭױ¡һһɺϣ㲻̫𣿡
̫Ȼüױھ֡
ΪҴҹǹ㹻أû뵽ɵ֮
̫ʩûаţҲ޷ġ
˼ˣ̲סʵǸʱϲڳΣλģ
ʱȷǧһҳֵ΢ôһ㡭˵߷²յ
ԭԴԼĸ㣬ŭѣԾʹԲҲ˵ĸཀྵţ˭Ҳȷ
ۿŴһֱ̫ɽѱգҲա
ʱߵƫţǸẉ̂úܡ
벻֪ĸ۵ľȻͷţֻһбͷ˵˵Ƶĵģ÷֣سһ
˵仰ʳ뿪ˡ
Էһ㽫ֱһһֻһöԿףдšұƹ̫Σӡ

ԭ˼
鲻˵Ҳ֪òˣ޷õԿ˳ƫȻʱڽŵҴ󳼺̫ǰһΣ֡
ڣһвɺϣû˭ɵأع֮ǰĻ⣬ָߵ档
ʼָоշһ¼·һ˫εƲ
⻹µģµĻ֮ĴڣôԷһǸ˼ҼΪ˽ˣصһ涼ָƣ
ΪԵʼٸߺܾܿǽյǹ֮µĻߡ˼Ƭ̺󣬻شҪԵ淽ʲôˡԵìͷֱָ̫닪Ҳۣ̫˭ֱܵӰ죿˭ֱֽ棿
˵ⷬʱ֪ΪΣڵԺȻֳһµӰ
𣿡١Ī̫ӣ
ȻԴʱ㣬Ǹʱ̫ӵһԶɽûҥԵ
Ҿ̫ӵԼôǶأعô
Ϳƺıóѣعڶ֮У¾ƸӶ΢һο϶Լܹеõô
˦˦ͷٺҴ⡣
δע⵽ڵɫ죬˿̵Ȼܲʹ졣
ĸΤƴӣĸʧӰıȻΤˣȻԼӵġ
ʹ鲻ʹ죬ȴòһȶʵĿǰĸԼΤһһپһʢ˥ϢϢء


27 һ
ʱš
Զ볾İڣҷҷ
̾ˣ˯ɡȥоתʱݸſСϣԴͷ̾šһ񰡡
¼ߵСԣݸļ򣺡ˣҲ̫ࡣ
ֻǡֻǾÿϧϺⷬѾ˼ĳıݸ̧ͷһϧһεİſ˵޷죬عļڼΤòڣǧѷʱһ㡭Ͳôһ󹦸ˣ
ݸʱʹռʱ˺ͣҲδܳ¡
ԣǰܸҾͲˣ˵̫һΤĲô̫һ仰˵ؾ͹أһ֮òգԮ֣ûɾܾ
ݸƶҴ󳼳Τ뿪̫֮ͥȻȴ벻Ҳ벻ͨ
̫һζΤվǰĸףҲıԼӵ£ҿɾͲһˡΪգӵλ̳Ȩĳ̶ֳǱΤв԰۴Ӹϻ濼ǣѡϡһһȴظĸо
˷³ɣعֱؽңһΪȡ㹻ʱɽ˴ࡣ
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôıܴɣʤһ֮ңԼӦúݸķӦһÿϧŶԡ
ɼȻеңҰܻգΪġ
Լôˣ
ȻͰ֮֮꣬Ȼڼҹǰݲø˽ģһӦκ˶
ǿԼЩҪȴСѾͷڿյֱͷݸôˣ
ݸü£иһ벻סǱؽôһܳȳģǸɵȳİɣ
̫оˣֺȻٵʴϻۣϾΪЩԼҲġ
˵꣬ݸߡһˣһ뵽Ϊ˴¼ô׼֮ҿһҲġ
ԣҡҡͷΪʱ硭
Աϣⲽ鰸ǰд֡Ӻǡ

ԹȻֻԣϾ¹棬ҷ֮ڷܿȡ˴ʩ
ûʲô۵ˣסԲֶһ·Ӻǡ
֪ϢʱΪһѼֵͷۣͷڵϣҲҳ
Ҳ顭˰죬һֱһԲƵċڴ˳Ĭ
֪ǺͿ˻ģæһĿľջ衣
˵ȥ飬׵ز飡һҧгһ߾ͽӲյ÷飬ˮ䶼ǡ
˭ҥؽ˴ж˿顢ʬΣ
ˣҥǴǱߴģôҲҪʮ£Ҷϰտڿഫʵ޴Ӳ𰡣
鲻ǾͷһЦ
ĸٶԣϽسš


28 
ʮ£Ǻ
عشÿ궬ٲ˼ѩ
ѩ׷꣬ĵһѩҲú磬δĩѷ׷Ʈ˷ѩһҹĹǱװعȻһ¡
ϲѩΪˣһԭѩʱģ·ؼֻʣԼЩѩ·вĳªġпĶڸǡ
ͬݸҲʮϲ죬ûô뷨ֻ첻Զѩ˴ѩ̣ѩտ
ڣСѾͷһƤ멣һͷڷ纳һɴںµŪŲ֪ĿܣѾ˻һʳġ
ѩУ˿٣Ůɣǡһ޵Ķ÷һƬããıԭţŲۡ
ѲĿյʱǰһ¾õĻ档
ɵôˣݸһ̧ͷ㿴ڶһڲԶվţЦŻ˻֡
֪˵󣬾ȻڹΥûҪһˮҿôһ仰δ꣬Ȼǰһ⡣
Ůü䣬ǡǹ֦ͷ£տõ⣬Σ
ڲɫؽӹڳƽѲʱǸĿ̬Ϊ¸˾ûˣ
ѩôˮ˵ˣһСС޹޽ףԳʲôˡЦˣݸ˵ţ־ҪǴأѿ
ԼɿסСѾͷצӣȻҧ˿ڿͷ˵ҳĳķϣ˾ͽܻ¸ҷһ
ݸС˫ֲ΢΢ͷǰͦӢӣˣǶӶԼ㶫ԣÿԿԴлɽСΪ۽͵ġ
һ£ϴεɽ֮ѹȥʱգʱ·пֳʳСӱһСѾͷض⣬ʱԼҲû̫ÿЩصԼˣû뵽СѾͷһֱš
Ȼ㲻飬ǾˡԼԶԵ㡭ݸתͷŪϵʳġ
У֮ǰԣݸĺ⣡͸ǣڱ˵ģعҾԴЦȴԴ۽üй˳
緹ûԣСѾͷڸɴǰȥֻмʮ㡢ⲢһЩ߲ˣԼ߰˸񵰣ǩӴţڿϡ̡ð̡
˰ûֶˣ׷ݸһ߶һ߽ʳķ˸棬Ų鿴µĻѣڼ䲻شڵĻ
ʳðɣܳǸ
ֻҪĵܸͻݣȢؼһǲģ
ڱԼͻ뷨һ֪ԼΪͻȻǰѾͷ˼΢졣
ݸעȫڳʳϣһ߰ŪһԺɨѩʱѩ﷢һѣͷкЩӦҹδϴġ
ʱʳĿòˣ硣
ݸȹڲѣʱȴѾ񵰰˿ͣһ治һš̡̲סֽ鷢Ǳľɵпڸ
ְ˼ҵǲ֮߳ʣ鷢ôпڸѵ̫ӵ£
²Ųʳʲôԡˣ㻹û㵽ʲôأܲǲԲȵİɡ
ûҾԺȵġ
˳㣬Ҳúòá
Ȼ仰ҲѾͷġ
ݸһҵɵϡĲм飬ԷȻװͿ׷ʡ
ڳ񵰣ֳ˼վһĨ죺лдѳԱ㣬ڣ
ݸ̧ͷ˿죬Ȼ󿪿ڣϾѲ𣿽壬ҼǵƽʱӦС
ƽˣⲻǡĩôҷּ̫ܲҪȥһ˽ϽŮССסһʱա
Ͻ壿
ԣ̫ǰ˶Σòûȥˡʱˣ˰˵꣬ݸӻֵ

Τԡ塭
ݸż΢΢ëպī֭ڲдЩ֣Ȼڡ͡ԡϻ˸ȦɵʵΪҪдЩ
㲻벻װΪʲô̫Ůӵ𣿡
ΪֻС£ûҪΪ˼ëƤԼĸֲ죿
Ȼּ̫ĵؽŮӵУֻΪ˹ڣһ̧һʣдֵĲعϽرܵõ֧֣㹻ʵΤĵ˿⡣԰ûзԣΪַֻͨʽ֮һ𣬶ԷŻĸԸԼ
ţ˰ɵ԰λСӽԭǸװ
ݸδ䣬ɻ˭
彫Ů
ȥͦµģʲôԢ⡣
²¶ˣ˵λС彫ĵճŮ꽫ʱֵ¿Ѳƫƫʱǰߴ̣˵ǳ˲ٵĿ࣬ĸŮƽ飬Ŵʮ۷ˣȡΪġʱ̸л˵ึ
˵λ彫ȴ˼ϸ壬һֱɿͷٳ
ʲôǳģǿݸСţˣ˾ͳˡϹһ뵽ԺҪһֳŮˣɲҪϹô
λСδı棬˵ֳ󣿡֡
˵ͻ󣬶ʮˣɲǸŮôʹҲͰˣ뿴ϽĵŮǳһĸ˼ң˵ⲻޣȢӦ̤ƽżŶԣɽأôԴֹУѵ˵桢òʩûҪ𣿡
ݸһ޷ĩֻ̾һ䣺Ҳŷ֣Ѿͷôô̱

Դϴεǹ¼㽫ȥʹĩһͨæʵûʱҲû˼Ӧ
̫޿빬ˣҲûͽƤ߸˷ڣҲҿʵͽԹ氲֣Դּ̫ܲȥĸϣɰϽŪܳ㷲
佫һ㲻٣ǸֻɱɱĴˡ
𿴷һûʲôٽף˼ұϾߵˣΣһܱȵ
һϽײ˲ԷҪͿģ˻ŮǧҪ֪£вȼǰǰԼӡ
ǣλĴСһ˻򲻰Ŀ´ԼѾͷСܷ߸˵ûн׵Ŀĺ׻׻Ǻˡ


29 
رԶߵǴһ·ʻöܿ졣
ɽʱ˵Լ͸͸Ƿһͣ
ѩ硣
ɽѩҴδôѩ
˵ţ˲ȽһֺĻѩ̲סץһѷ档
ɽѩǱȳҪö࣬ѩﺮأС㻹ǻϰɣ˷纮˵
ĵͷ׼תȴƳɽһסʵʲôط
ɽϿһۣڵаĸ̫ڴ˾ס̫ް֮ưˡԼǰһ£ס̫Ӽ
ׯӳĸļܳ裬סйҲƫƧ֮أ乬졣ӳϵĸһٻ󣬲˸̾컯
̫ӵЩ桭̫ӣΪβסݣ
̫ӵ;ɱЩϿǵӵȫʶסع˽͡
ƺҲûô⣬ֻ˵˾䡰ԭˡת
ݸվڲԶİɽϣſݲݺľڻɽ³Ķ۵ס
ǲ棬òʩüЦЦؿԵСѾͷ
ӵݸ൱ΪȻҳûǼ޲ȥϹʮа-ǸòŮӲûҪţһԽԽͬˣ
һɻѵĿ⿴ݸλС㾿ˣǴδΪʲôǴ
Ҳ˵ΪʲôҾǿǸĲ˳ۣҿһ
ݸôһ˵۾ĵֺ߷ɻȻߵ㿴ϰΪʲôģӰټҸżдһֺòۣȴҽġȫʶ֣䣬͸ñˣǵʮжӲˡò˫ֻأ´ǰСѾͷòǳģǰҲҺ֪һ벻ۡ
£ôȵġһ𲻽߽̽绨ѩ£ҪĻǾӼҹӡˣʺϹӡǵǰ˵СʱΪһɱˣһ˭Ҹһ
²ȫְҲΡΪҲʧŪǼҵģȥժҲΪҰԡ̲סΪ粵
úúã㲻ȫһˣɱǲʵΪ˺㿪Ϊ㻶ȫпȥɱԽҪǸһһܲ˷ģҲֻеϡ
ֻϡôָָԼıͷһ䣬̶˳˼

̫ķԸĵסڵǹٽˮ鿵һߵС¥ԻС
С¥㣬ƿΧһĺɽɫҾĸȪԶԼʲô˼Զ
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Ҫ˵ЦԼŮһ䣬ȴⲻ˻ϲССڴ
ū˵ıʵ̫Ͻһ·ʹԹǧ̫СȻǿϽҪȻô೯֮ŮֻСôĶ䣿ū澿ţСٱ˴ʶϿҪڣ˷빬ܴϴйأС͵ŵعɣ
꣡ڹУЩв˵ĸϽʳָڴԣͷɣỹҪȥ̫лء
СܷͷȻǰױƣֻװŲҡȷΣɽʯ죬ⱦޱȡ
ˣС˷ǰȥ̫ǶǲǾϣˣβʱȥǹ̫󣿡
ѾͷϾͿˣÿնܷæܾ΢΢̲סط龰
һμʱֻǸʮ겻ĺӣôҲ֪ڳʲôӡ
£СӦ㰡СܷĵĳԺ£ͷб˸١
ͷױϻѡ˰죬һ֧ﴩҩĲҡū澾֧ҡޱȣСԺʹϰɡ
ĽӹΣòпСܷ۹ȷʵ
ҡϵķͨô죬⻪財ۼΨмǶҩɳϺõѪƳɣɫ͸Ҫǣ֧ҡ̫ʱġ
̫δԼְԼʱ빬֮СܷѾͷƬӶܴȳɼˡ
ܳΪǿһֱ׷ͬҲ겻Ը˵ԭֻǡ
Сܷһ֧ϡĽҡŻױϻת֧ؾ
ΪʲôС㣿֧ҡ̫͵ģҲÿģСܷܲ⡣
вȼǳէǵ͵ЩĶţǰͭӳ毺ա
Ϊ̫ͣŲȥ
ԭܼ򵥣̫뷨Զ׼Ȼ̬ȴһ֪
óȻ̫ʹ͵Σ˹صķͷΣԴ˴̫빬ȻܵãԷԴһ˿Ĳô͵ڽ̫֮ʩѹ
Ϳ
ȻĲδԼȫСֻܷҪ֤Լ֮вˣܸһӡ󡭡
뵽ıԸŮʣµɢǮԼһЩСһ͸ǣĩˣֽԼ˿Сܷ㽫ҵ־ڸȪסһҪϱؾ֮ϡȥСĽ˷ˡ
Сܷչӣֻɽľ֮⣬Ա߻һС֡ɽзգкɻ
С㣬˿ǡ
һʫѣôʲôҽȥˡġ顱عϻǣɫһ
Сܷæͷٲҿ
䲻ƢĴС㣬ڼҲ˵ͷӣһ˽ġ

ǹڣ
Լбڴߣѩ
ĵһѩ
оѩİ֮һ𣬱صͷʮ֮ǰÿĩΤһһͬƷ衢⿡ѩ
ȻվǸһȴվӲġ
̫ٿϽŮЩͲϾ㹻֧ﴩҩĲҡ̫ء˵ԼĹŮ˪
ʹˣЩ̵Ķ˴ɡԼ˻֣ȥûн·ϡ
ǲҡϾ̫ģ̫Լֻڴʱƽóū澶᲻á
ٹصƷҲҪֵഺ껪ǲҡʺҺβ֮ԼһЦ˪֣ҷˣȥϢ
ǷﴩҩĲҡȷޱȣǲΤ͵ģᱶϧһ뵽Ǹ͵ģԼеķֲˣֻƽʱﾡ۲Ϊ
סУѰ˸ûʵɽͳȥȫ
Ѿͷϡ˿̶ǻϲ˰ɡ


30 ɽз
ʱ֣һĶëѩͣˡ
ҲһĿҵ뷮һлظȪһ·˱߱ı߿ѩҲʧΪһ¡
ǰܾó⺢ƤڣǸ¾ȥʹˣһ岻٣ҾЩ̫ϰߡδ䣬ͻȻš
ϵĻѩѾɨɾڸʱֻӵʰһ˿
˳ĸŮСİɣ˵ţչ־һӳ
ɽзգɲǹŮ־΢΢˼
ʱһȹŮͷǱ߱ߵͷѰʲô
差һգۣߵ⣬ǰסǻŮ㲻ǿСŮ캮ضģʲô
ˣū澵ʧˣһ·ѰҾ͵ŮСܷȥʶԷ
ӣʲô˵Ҽ
ֻһͨ־ЩɽľԱ߻һС֡ɽзա֪Ƿ
˿ӦǱ˼ˡأӶ
СܷһͷǰӴƵĳۣд񣺡ū澲֪ϼݵˡ
ֻæҶûע⵽ˣ֮УЦſ˿˿״ʵʲô֣粻ǹˣ˿ϵģ
ϵĻūġūСܷǿСŮСܷʹӣϸϸػش
𣺡ԭǽˡšɽзա㲻ʶ֣Ҷǡ˵ƽҲϲǡ
ūҲϲСƽʱʫʸ踳֮鼮ʱҲūһЩСܷ΢̧
Ͻ֮Ů飬鴫һССŮʫ顢ʱˣҿЩȥչǼСɡԭɱŪˡ̧Ž˿ֵݻԷС
лϣ˿Ϸ·ָ¶ȣСܷ˫ֽӹߴȴֹסϲ
ֱŮıӰʧмغº͵΢ЦЦڣԴô
ڵǳ˳飺ǸΪеСȴʫ롶ǡֲĴŮ˰ˡ
ʵˣ˭˵ˡ
¾ŮܿǷӵ⽫Ӷϵע⡣
뷨һģһȻ˳Ǹǳֻҵû뵽һССŮеӽȵǣͼҽ΢۵ȴûһ˿Ц⣬ū֮Ц
ѩͣ⺮Ϯˡ
ȻСܷȴ˿δе䣬෴ϵЦ崺硣
һ뵽ղ¶΢Ц֣С̵ܷģҲ˺ܶࡣ
һû״϶ӡܲ
ֻҪϿУͲһʹˣһ֦ͷΪˡ
С㰡С㣬ɱū۶࣬Ȼū澲Щ˵˭뷭һӣ˭ΪԼһǰ̣
ɷģūֻͼٻǸλūҲ
С㣬ūѾżӵΣǰŸ̤ţСܷһ仰δ˵ûġ
ֻĶǰضɫÿ¡

ݸȥȪİϣò׵ȵѩͣȴٽƻ衣
̫ȥ޹ⲻʱˣǼӿ˲
Ϊʱ򼱴ҴȥԴһš
ϲһ⣬˵ʱֵĻֵڻûǰһ겻ıѩϯԭأΪأʵò㹻Ǯعƥʶļܲͨһ£Ѽ۸ѹһЩ
ҲͨڣǡҲûϣ˵˼عļˣѹ۷˾ҵ½ּ֮ۻĥƤӵ£ô棿ο̷ͨרŵ˸±عףʲô¶ǻЩԱʲôݸҲţһ뵽ŵݺúܲġ
ʱͬգ궬ֺƵԭĶѩø磬żӲѩĳƮѩԹۣǰ²ɣҲ̫ΪҡδݸûοΪݸĻǺ޵ɸˣܲװͿɡ
ع˵ΤֻǸδľҲδãΤǸͷӿɲöԸݸ仰˵ڵˣһͬҲǼΪֵġ
ΤλȨأ̫ұֳ̼óĪڽ󻯣ռ˵ı˿˵췽ҹ̷
Τ˵Ǵ򲻵õģΪֻ֮һһȥһвͨҲֻþ
شеʯȼߣԭ⣬ֻһ̵ֱͨС
ݸ۾׼ҹȥعս
ûеһҾ붯ȥֻţսҲȱǡ
û꣬ͻȻӺһһͷײ򼧵ײ˸ЩԷײ
ĸ·۾ģ̫ӵ£㵣𣡡ײ˵ǸСѾͷݸԣһԷȻǿĵŮСܷʱһ
ˡ˼ֲǹģô׸ʲô˵ݸһ䣬ȻСܷºһЦû°ɣݸͿ˵㣬ʵûжġ
СܷͷЩɢҲ̫ȶ۽ǲỨһƺۣԷ̧ͷ̫ӵ
һͷȴСܷȻ˺һ۾ԭżɻ󼸷ֲĿ˿̳˾֡
ţ·ʶʲôЦҲѸϡ


31 
ԭСܷ󣬱ԼñΪĳһ·ϿνǴ⣬֪һžͰԼصһ⡣
澣Ҿ֪޳˼ĴԲקСܷһ㲻óһбھȥ-˰ñСٿ㣡
Ҳû뵽ԼһֱεСܷȻֱٵ£ͷʶܴĹ˲඼ˡ
ڽʱСܷΪСŮԴöȱ˲һмɫҲȳ˸ߵöࡣ
ԼСִԼܴ裬һ֮±ܳһͷײҴҸȪļ
ɣҲûʲôҼǸͨģҪҪһײƫƫײ˼ؿڡ
ʱ˿̣ϵЦʧ䣬ؿǰʧ룬ͣ˵СѾͷ
ݸʱͻȻӦԣʶСѾͷѾײԼҵµܣ䶯֣ȴָ䰵һƬҶȻһ׼
ȡοԷǸ޹СɼȻײԼܣˡ
ʱһŲ̸˵ЦϣֻʮŮ̴ߣǰ̫¹Ů˪
Сĵ㣬Щ̫ϲԣɱˡ˪һǹķȥһҪš
İɣ˪ùã̫ĶҲʣ˵Ӧš
ۿ뼧ݸǱԽԽʱ˶ӣôƤӵ¶ǲˣСܷûת෴ӡ
ѾͷݸЦһŶԼ˵±ģȥȪ̸£ĽҴ
ĽѰȴҲһʱ޴롣
Ȼ֪ݸ׼ʲôѾͷͲ󣬵ǲģȻϾعÿһͬڵߣн̤ٵıԨ
Ϊ֮ƣֻܼϣݸսپһ˳ǧʲôӡ

Сܷһ·ȷû׷ͣһŷԼǰܣ֪·
˸빬û죬ʶ·
Сܷ֪Ǻãһղżһ˲ɱ񣬱㲻
ڽһֱڿ߶꣬ҲǸѾͷײ̫ӵܣ֪д鷳Ūû֮ݡ
Сǲ·ˣҪҪ㰡һλŮӴһùŻĺȻЦٻ⣬ݸ
Сܷһ۾ϳԷ̫ӵԵŮŵһ·񱼣ݸͬһ棬ֻҪһͣῴԷվڲԶԼ΢Ц
Ⱦңӭһͣ޻׵̣СܷϽסǸ̵ӣ·ˮ֮ץסһݡ
ʲôԺݵô˦֣Եúܲ
ҪɱңСܷǾ֣Ҫذˡ
ɻؿ˿ܣΧֻмҶĿڷУ˭ѽûţ˭ӽף
ˣ˵Ķģ͸󣡡Сܷ˵ţ鼱֮ҪԷ䡣
ë̿ûǸĸţһŽ߿ùۼҵ£
СܷڱĵɪɪʱϦ£Ӱӳשϣúܳ
û˵ѣΪЩ˶
СܷᣬС㶼ˡ
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ֵڶӶûţһ˵кóԵ׷״չ
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33 ع
ˣԼȻվ𣬼ߵǰɫȻڰҵĵǹڣͳôģ
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ʱԼ˪ͻȻǰһ㣬ҪһŮۼֿһѣ˿ѾһͷԵˡ
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34 
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һѵĹԡҵŮ䡷Ѿ37WˣҿԾ鿴Ŷ


36 ֹ
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һʱԥҪҪǰߣͷʱһԭŵĵ֪ʱϨˣ
СһĺӲɵץסߺӵ֣С磬¡
Ҫĸ˪ùھͺˡˣð˪ùƲԼ͵͵ܳȥġ
Ҳȵܴܵһ꣬Ȼ˿µֱģΪֳǿװ¸򶨵ӣӺƵİοԼĵܵܣ£ǷǴˡ
ǣǣּǰ
ţһĻˣÿСһ·ߵĹƾϨһյ
أһĨӰԽ֦ԭһֻɫë
ܵ鲻Խս֣ǰСľͷǲɵͣ½Ų
ǰһĨɫӰȥͻأƾðһ
˭ѽ˪ùð𣿡ܵʸ硣
񰡣˪ùõĸӺһ㡭ҡҡͷ̲סιǰˣ˭
˱վǰһҲδһŮˡ
ڣȴżصذգҷػϳܳһأɢһֱ£δκηΡ
㻰أΪʲôش𣿡
ѽתǿǲ˪ùüٰģ
Ӻ˰죬ԷûκηӦ
׼ǰһڴʱһ磬ȹ΢΢ڶӰת˹¶桭
¹£׻һɫĹƮĹȣ˫۱ͷסѪɫ촽ֿһŵĻȣֱ·沿ѿһʺָ׳۾

õ˪òԾժ֣һ·ѰɽڵϷһֻͷñ
ⲻСӵñ
һֲԤһζ˪ǹ߰˸Ụ̊ǸϽͷˣԼżɽֱǰѰӵټһƧĹԷҵСӡ
ţҽة˫˫ڵϡ²֪ĺӣ˪ŻˣŲǰ̽һıϢ
ңӵĺƽȡ
ҽةǺܿϵ˵ǹһϣóһȻĽۡλСӵĻԺͷΪܵ˾š
ţôأԼȻ޷ҽةĽۣڣַǷúö˶˵ģôᱻŵԲѣ
̫ū澸ոΪСӻ²ʱС߽˵й˪ϻ̳Ͽֵվ
ԵһŮҲͷ಻̫ڣ˪ùչλСʱū澸պڳȷʵȷʵҲˡ
Ĺ̫䣬ڹ̽ԡ
һ£Ȼδܸˮ档
Ȼտڲ̸ȴû
ԼȻʲôһӣдֲֹǰɱģΪҪ԰ҵĺ֣
˼ȥһеĸԴǸϡ
ԴͲϣ²ð꼰ˣ
֪ˣ㲻빬
뵽⣬ԼԸˣˣͿСؽ


37 ֮
ʱĺڵԵʣʤա
ÿ϶˲ֽɵĸɫƣԶԶȥŽأ·һҹ֮͵︴ա̺Ĵա
ǰǹİ·ϣһ߶Եķ˵ͱˣȥɣôѵ·ɣ
ڣȴһ󲦹˼ǹķȥ
ǡҲһĻǲĸʲô¡
һ̫ȥʡ
׼ǰʸʱһϤӰ˵ҰΤ
ˣ룡̫ѾڹȺʱˡΪΤǰ·˲Ǳˣǵǹ¹Ů˪
ҹ·ʹ͡
ҹ֮ϣҫۣ֮ȻѤ
ֻǣоˡ
һУףɪԼ۽޴ԼʹʲôҲо
էҡ֦ľ
ɢĲɫӰǰƯƻá
תߣڸæϣϲȥ
δ䣬ЦŴϣһӵԲ˺θɣ
鲢ǿʵ˵Լ뷨
̫һЩΪģԾĸվѪŨˮ̫ζϲԼĶ䵭롣
ҲˣõŽô˳ǣоȻǳ֮ɫȳΪ˹ˣֺ磿ڣˡظȪɡ

ڽΤگ
κʵ̫ƫԶҳһ·ӱ޾ͣЪȴȻڼǰһϲſϻء
ձǼ䣬һҹδߵֵñ䡣
ææµµһ죬żһܸÿԻؼҺúЪϢ˰ɣ˭֪ûϻظֽӵ̫Ĵ٣Ī˵ˣһڵ˲òٴҹС
ǹڣƻͨ
ҽةѾȥҩˣΤӵأ̫˵ԼҪ뿪һСᡣ
Լ֪ʱ¶صҪȥĶ˭֪Էֻ˾䡰ЪϢȥȥͻءҴ˵
ԼϣΤΪͻȻĹǶûУСûñ˴˵强Խ˼֮ࡣ
ΤִʱǳڶԽҹͻ֮ĸΣԼбҪһ̽Ͼɲʲô
ֹĵطΤͣ½Ųǰ·ص㡣
ûСڴ˴εū澷ֵġ˪ŵվСڴ
ΤǰùĵǰԶգСͨδôҲû㣿
ҹ꣬ظӦõƻŶԡ
үĻС·ͨһѾõ乬ΪûеơūҲǼٻߵɡ
˪˵꣬ΤԭغţԼ˵ֱСȥ
Сʯ̳ɵģֲᷢ
·Խľڴʱֵ죬ҶӶˣֻʣ¹ͺͺ֦Ѿ
Τȡ¿֦Ϲŵһֻƣһ漴㷢˶ߡֽ
ԣǱ˹ġ
صǹʱѷҩ˯ñ֮ǰЩԼֳŶͷںӵĴ߲ۡ
Τ̾˿ùһۣôûޣйŮչţ㲻߲ݵԸŪˡ
ΤǴµػմ˪ѩԼԹ֮ⲻֵۣҹĹůѸҹһҴҵӸʲôȥˣס
Ҳûʲôֻ˪ȥ·ص㿴˿
Լ̲סڣȥʲôû˵ǵطֹѺŻô
ֹߣҿװŪɣΤЦŽӹʢѵ룬Ȼ뵽ʲôѯԼ˵ǰ彫ŮӽˣĶ
ˡԭҾ⺢ӺǶԣǣߣ˭֪Դ֮һ̲ðֳ֪ˣͲöһ٣Ҿҹ˰ͻؽˡԼֹ˰˵ص㡣
Τԣ룺ʲôڴҹˣ
أڹǼӻ˵첻ôȥ͸ĸž۲Ҳͦõ𣿡Լһ赭дı顣
ѽ㡭ҿԷ壬һȽ˽⣬ٲΪĻԹ佫ҿɾͲұ֤ˡΤʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
ʵһʼ;ýҹֹ֮Ϊɣ֮ǰзҲһ֪ҿ˽һԼֵ飬˭֪̫󲻾ͻϽҲζŴע֮
ԹʲôҿŮ𣿽ҹظ˶Ұæ֮԰ŵģõǹõλСôľôػȥˣһʹǼ벼ƥ˿֮ģԲίһӡ
Դ̫дʣΤ˵ʲôأǧֻһ̾ΨŮСҲ


38 Ϯ
صȪ֮һֱԲȣֻһԲضŴǰͣԾ
һ࣬ݸæµһ죬㲻Զôȵࡣ
ԷûӦֻּһ䣺˵λ̫ӵΪ׼ģ𣿡
һĬĬؽӹ룬ޱسš
ֻһСͨĺС࣬ȴϸ˺ܾá
һҲ𡣡꣬
ᰡ౾ġǳӽ˼ӱǡˣҴӰʱǡ˵ǹֹŲˣ̫һĪչء
ɫǰһᰴ˰Էļ򣺡СĪҪҶ໰·ͻȻҾλ̫ˡ
ΣĸվΤĺҪЩˣһп޵ĶӰˡڵ΢̧ͫף˴ռޱߵҹɫ

Τڵǹһֱ죬ڼ̫ҽķãӷ˺ȶҲ֮ȥ١
Լ΢һɱе벻ѣ뵽ҹӦؼԲ֮ʣΤҲ˼ҺͶŮȴԼٽһǴҹϢ
뵽⣬ԼھΣöԷЩظҾ졣
Τȷʵ޴󰭣ݱ̫
չɻްԵʣҼһԱŲʱͷϡ٣ƽࡣ
վһһˣΤһ죬񲻼ãĿС
ͻȻһζΤ۾
һĴǳ⣺ĶɽҰ帾֪㵲˭ĵÿ
λ磬֮˿ˣ˵һŮӡ
ΣϽÿҪԷߣʱڵΤ˵˾䡰һ¡Ȼƿӡ
ֻһŴֲµ긾˫ϥأǰ
Τ¶棬ŮؿŮԩ飬ΪŮ
Τһۣڣԩ飬ΪβصĹԩ
ֻȨ죬һĹ޷ŮమӣԿΪŮԩ
ΤŴˣ߳ǹصĸ˷𣺡ɣ䡣
Ǹ΢΢̧ͷжȻ׹֣
Τһʶ˰벽ȻΪʱһѷذѴؿڡ


39 ҽ
ʷڵʯһ˲úף˭ҲõһСŮӾͻȻ䱩ֳذ˷ѣ
ֻ࣡ʴС
ΤʱѷӦԷֺݾٲȻҪԼһ㶼Ž˿ףһغ
룬̧ŽɱδŮһ߿
ʱеĻһӵϣд֮¡
ŮۿдʧܣԼڵȻ޻ᣬ㿪ʼƿڴΤ޳ܵСˣ㲻úҾҲŹ㣡
ǰ죬ΤȻһ̧֣ȵȡ
˵ţߵŮǰӸµؿ˭Ϊд̱ࣿ
˵ģΤΪɱ֡
ŮһͲ书ɱַȫСĴ̿ͣƾһ˿׿϶ǷסġҲˣŴһʼڷΪԷֻǸ޺ĸˣЩ
ŮֻЦһȻһֱĬ
Τʲʲô㰴ɷŮѺκ

ʲôΤ̣էϢʱЩ˼顣
ǸƥɱȺ껹ƻͷҶֱֵûм
ǰʱ֮ǰ¡Τ֪ʲôٽһҹֱһŻظû뵽һС·ϳ˱ʡĵ˵ݰ˵д߱׽ǸŮ̿͡
ǸƥˣǹĹĵص㡣
ΤǰȻ룬ǸŮֵ̿ͦģһ˵ɱдʧܱᵱԾŮ˷ǵûԾΤֹ˵ʲôԼɹҲŹСˡ
Ŷд£Ǹ˼Ů̿ͰζĦԼ°ͣ⣬ڹĶ
ѺΣء
ߣȥο
ʱμӹƽ֮սҲ׿֮ˣһλѡ
ȻǰܸӳǸꡢѵǼӣȴ䲻ɱ˳˶˸ֲֲӳˣΤ
ǴζհܱעλԵҴӴΤڳϴѹһͷҵȫ֮ƥС
ˣĸǺ޼Τ޲ʱʱ̶̿һһͼԷ©ѱκΤһº侫ôסѱ
Ѿ˼ҲѾˣһоһ㡭
Ǹ⵹ΤĻᣬһǧѷĴʱ

˾ܣ룡ͷηֻһڵŮ˰ڵϣǽڣϺϽѪ߰ߣȻո̡ܹ
ͷָŮӣ˵
վηſڣڵд֮ˣʲô֣
Ľ
Ůӻ䣬ͷȵ󵨣ֱ̫䣡
̫󣿡Ů΢΢̧ͷЦһϵ̫󣬲ǵΤϵһ輧ˣ
٣ҿǲײĲᣡղǼʮްǰɣͷ˵Ҫñӣ£Լ򵥶ηڡ
ո˵̫ฮϵĸ輧Ǻ⣿д̳ټ̫󣬰Ҫѵġ
˵꣬ǰŮӲмЦЦΪ˶ʮ꣬Ϊľǽ񳯻ҲҪɱΤǼΪԼҶʮڱѩޣֻϧۡˣҪɱҪϤ㣬޻˵
ıɫƽǷ
ǰãŮôǸֱɸˣȻֻ˼䣬㷢ִŮ̸²ףѰ帾
뵽ڳһ̬֮عĴ˾ܡĿмԩ飬йءģ˷֮巸ͬ۴οŵùңܾʵ֪ҡʵǺˣϳͲ
ŮӴ˹Ƭ̣վŴһأϾʱκ·
˵֮־ʵ̫Թ̼Ժ֮ŮֺݶðҵģҲĽ
Ůӽ⣬̲סϣʮǰԼ⵽ɽϴ¾ΨһҴߡҲԺŮǱȳġλϹŮ֮ǵ꺪һμѻأ
ѻǳ--ĻѻıŮӵ˫ǷŭĻ棬üǼȷʵɽϴɱЩɽ˿ȫΤŵģԵһϷĲ߻һ֣ΪĲǸŮȫңǵԼӢ۾ΤһԵңԼе˶ıƷЩɽܼ֮һΪɽͷĿԼΤڣͷҷųܿЦǰɣʵǵһΪĿĲֶΣѶ޳СˣҸ׻֪
Խʵɰ참Ҫ֤ݵġ˵ǴʵƾŮӵһ֮ʸȨ㳯ҰΤ
ΤѹʮǰԼ֤ݿѱϤĨعȻû֤ݿ֤ҵݣԹδûѭ
Թ
İ۾Ůӵⷬʯ쾪ţ
̫ǼٵģӳȢ֮˸ʲôԼҴС㣬Τϵ輧
ĶӡҲϵλ
ԺвֳФԼȴӳһҲĲЦ
ʮ簡ʮ磬һжģھȪ֮µֵΣ
ʵѲĿǷΧҪһûа
ڣȻץסΤߡߣ

ΤһظԼ鷿֮˼룬ܸоﲻԾ
Ǹ˵һֱǰ֣þû֮ȥ
޺;񣬾װġ
һ㣬ΪξǸЩ죬ǰ
ͷһԸżүҪҪūȥҽةϾܾС
Τڰ֣ˡģĪҪϺ̫徲˵Ҳûôֻǽͻ֮ʵڡ
⣬Τһͣ˫Ŀ˲ʲô
ү˵˭ͷһͷˮ
˵䣬ΤȻһ߼Ҵһ߷Ը׼ҪȥΣ
Чһܿ죬ΤϵλСʱȴԤеԡ
˭˽̵ģŮѪۣڵصʬ壬ΤȻ۾
˵Ļ䳤ģ䳤˽ʱСĲڳ˾Ѱɷնסսսػػ
һˣΤüͷ
˾Ҫˣֻ¡˵
˶ã
СҲʱֻ䳤ڡ
䳤͸˵ˡ
ġ
Τһתһ漲ΣһԸеϹܼңͷڻظ̷ɸ봫ӺǣËܸ֮ϻһΣ
лҪ˵
ģ
дƪдһִĻζ밮ԼҹˡȽɵȦСģҿȥҵרǰ׸ղأİС˵ҳ
ھ飺
ʷϹԼ˵һĸ輧ԺŮ߼˵ĻϽں
ԺһԹظ߾ɴͰдһСԺԹ
̫̫ôȿȣɻʼʵ۱¡žڻing^^


40 
Τ̵ºܿڳڴ ڳӦһоȻмġֻġԹ۵ģл໳ɵġ
һŵ-̬Բᣬ ȴҲ˳ЩλΣ ƽ಻ôӵĹԱһǧѷĻᡣ
 Ĵǽȥģ Ҳûɽȥ֮׵ĻȻһڡ
⼸죬 ſڿνͥУǰ̽Ĺﲻ֮ꡭ
Щ˲ûϵԱΪԼıһǰ̡ϧǴ̣ΤһԾӣ һ ɴԼҴһɱܶ
ûв͸ǽϢ˹ʱ˼һͬ԰÷°ľ磬 һص÷ꡣ
ܱô ΪӦȥฮ̽ӣԱһġһ׽꣬˵ԼĿ
ҹļǺبһ̣ ϣΪ˾ס 뿴¡
ͷʾͬڵš
˱Ͼһٸ ǹ˵ҵʦȷʵӦȥ̽˵̧ǰķںͼȻݸģһǶġ
ѩͬΥһɨٻ˶յ
ЩЦĴһֶֻù˿̿ѵ¶Ц⣬˵ֻǳЩĶٷЩ

Τĸۡһֵľ룬ͷнһյĹ㵽ǰ
ڽͣȣ׼ӭ³һƳǡÿһͣڸſڣʱһ˵˾䡰ع
ϣ⡭
ЦֲûͣſڵҺαӲȥ֣װûȤ
һƱ֪ǳԵǹ˭Բԡ
ˣǡ
ڻδ䣬㱻Էɫشϣ˵ˣ̻ع
ֻ΢΢ͷ˵˾䡰ǡ
ڣԼǲ죺ˣأ
ū澳ʱǡÿϵĹฮſڣݳǷ֪Ϊʲôū澲ûп³ͣһֵתˡ
˪Լ΢˼ζӳ£ˡһǿҵﲻʹ죬Żᵽſֻȥ
ūȥ׷˪ڵ
Լ̧סƢ˽⣬ȥҲ޼¡
˪ﻰҪ˵㹪˹Լ¡
ֻʣˣԼ̲סһסΤ֣Τҿˣ
˵ҺδôҲ̫С֣ԼһˣﲻԼжϵ⣬Τڸж֮־öԷһ˲Ͼ̫ķֻ̫ۣ֮¡
һᴦ㣬˭Ҫ㣬пˣʹ԰ȻΤֻҪһ˵̿һؿڣԼ²ѡ
ΤŲ򴰱ߡ
ǰһø²õ磬һϸϸ֦бڣûС첲֡һĨɫںвΡΡҡҷţ˼ʣץסϣ֡
ΤӰɰأļࡢѩϺԴ㣬ڸصסΪ顣
һΣȴ֪ǰСܲܿ꺱϶
ʮǰµĴ񣬱ӦҪˡΤ˵
Լ΢ɫɷףʮǰѵԼҡ
Τ˵ͷĿԶ
ܽϷǻɵʣһֻɫĹ
̣һ籩⡭
籩ô
ԼʱǸռǵСʱĲΤҲǸʮ꣬绪ïɾ
ɾӣ·ҪԷһ̵ģԿĵס
޸ˣعƽ籩ʱںڣһлü
ֻҪǲΤԸҶᾡȥڡ籩꣬򲻾塣ĻشǼᶨ
Լչ۴Ӻ󷽻סΤǰڶԷ˹ȴȻļǡ統Τ֮ǰؽӵ뻳С
һǾ仰籩꣬޾塣϶ԷԴ˫֣Լ˫ۡ
ڣֻڼ˸һ׷ڲѡ
ֻµ񣬶ѲҪ
ֻߣһнη塣

ɫ庮ҹЮ˪ѩݶپ֦ǹص׺䡣
ҹֵصǸîֵܣ˽һյڳԷ֮䴩Ѳߡ
Ƿî˸磬ඳͨıӣһһߴ֣䰡ڵѩǻӻˣ
СӾͲ˰ɣԵ˪ǰ䣬ѩ󺮡ѩʱġҰܵһۣһתͷƺʲôǰһζֱԷȥ
ûпʲôǰһǸոա
ûî˿ΧȷʲôҲûУۻ˰ɣ
ۻɻӺס
ۻ
Τƿ鷿ţǰµӯӯ¹⣬һλڶбǰǋ
Ȼҵң֪ж˫۾ҵԷ󷽷鷿ʵΤԤϣǸ֪Ϊ졣
Ϊβңµѵ໹Ųô˵ժ¶ñ
Τѿ࣬쿪żɽҪȥɱһˡ
ɱֱȥµ޺¥ҡӫ󡯣Ὣһа׵ǧӺһˣĿ΢΢͸Щˬ
ΤҲڵΪֻ㶯ס
ŶЩ棬֪һλࣿ
塪ġ
һ漴ζһ
ٷϻȥǲȥ
ȥķԸã
ҲҪĻһҪ֪ɥҲ鲻򡣡
УɻʲôԸ
º㼴ҹأǰصӺǣ󡣡
Τ䣬ۣҹϻأĪΪ»ɲɣ
źṦ˵һģȫġĿǰĸʱȥִķѵʱ䣬ֻʱôҲΪ˳ź룬ϾδʱӺ˻ɡ
ΤӦ܋ҧгݣȻӣ
Τת鰸ȴѰ֪˷жǷҲǰ˳

ĵĸۡģһСйڵĽṹҲȽϸӣỨ԰Ƭ
ڋֲܿҵ˹ĵԷ
Ĵ飬ҲپȴϲŪī䰮ռϵīǵƵķԼԷԱʱ档
ÿ˯ǰϰԵذԼղصīƷóһ
ͱʱԡ֮Ĺıյ׼Էµһ׳ơǧīīƷд֡
ǱӰ䣬ƶŲ˿졣
ҹɫõڻһԷݶϣؽҿһƬߣŴӺͳһСƿӡ
ƿͷװ޺¥ҩ˵ҩҪɷɲԶᴿɣȴͨԶӾңһ˲ʱᶾַĩɫζ׻ӷѲ
ϥݶϣһϸܽ-Ϥɽ¯
Ѭ㻺ȼͻӷԶӵĶԺܿ㷢ãʱ
ƿʱĳźѴԾ˲ƵߣŴֽһϮӰⲽԷƺʲô棬һӰŲ齡
ʱ䣬ȻڷѬȼ˽һʱӰϢصϡ
繳Ӻ
߹һ˿ȻʱĳźתϷһԾӰ˲ʧ޾ҹĻС
лҪ˵
ؤС糡
ȻṦ˵ãǱĲɡĪǶԱʲô⣿
Τ˾ҪսܣϷ򿴺㣡
Ҳ㡣
ԣҺֿһ
ڣ1
ĥߴʲôϿӶȥǻſ̫粢أ


41 Իع
ҹ ı硰θͣ
ں磬صݵʱ򣬽ֵѾһƬ ȫˡ
û뵽Ƥδüѣ еĸʹһż ޲ܹ㣬 ǻˣ󡢴ˣʮ𼱵Ĵ£այӡӼź ˵˵
ʹǸ̤ʵ֣ϸʵµˣиһżͿڳԵëʸӹһ ó飬γʹ лѡΪĸʹһͬǰȥ
˵ڳҲɶëԽؼʱԽǽͰͰɶҲҲץġ
ԿĿİͰͰʲôҲû˵Լͨ죬 Ҳˣ˵ʲô˰
ʵһǴӼż ֹסؽţǲǱֳʲô鷳
ްˣʹڱһĻ
ȴˣλ壿
нʮֵܣһʱỹ벻ȥĻԼλ岮
ǡʮʮһ尡
£ ǳĿɿڴˡ
ʮһֵʢ꣬ Ǵӹ̵ˣһ򿵽 λᡭ
ֻù̫֮ͻȻأ˵żȻҲδἰԭֻ˵ʹ˾췵ع
ӣǻǾݽǳʰɣɥ£粻˳١ʹѵ˵˾Ļ
Եͷ˸Էͷ׼г̡
һ磬Ǳʹһҹ̻ٸϻһ·ϼûͣЪüƥ֮ص
ȻǰŻûü㱻һٽ˹
֣ʮһö˶˵ôͻȻ͡ȪֻһˣǸӣ˸յȲؿڡ
֪ʣյõϢʱҲܳԾʶҽةǰȥʱҾڳҽةһ飬ȷûκ˺жԡ
δ˵꣬Աһ޷ŵı飺Ϊʮһǲʣǣܺð
ҽةĽӦû⣬ϾЩʱһ˿ȥ念ʵ˴Լһ֪ҿʮһӦĳͻĶ񼲡
ȻԴ˲û̫ģҲûٶʡսӵļ٣ʵּܽǲΪʮһĵɥˣ
ЩС£иҪ̡ܵ¶Ŀ⣬˵Ҳʮˣţʱڳаһְλˡ
ֳͻȻԼ볯Ϊ⣺⡭̫ʰɣܲδʲôѫƽ޹ܵΣǻ˽ֵġ
Դ˿ɲôΪĶԷҼ磺鋪ͳʹ㶼òγʹ౨дأһһʹذҴأҲˣ˵ûйѫ
ĵİȴֻǫѷжȵЦЦĪҪȡЦˣӴǶΪֻˣƤأ
ƾ粻֮³ǳأͱ£ǲԼԿһ᲻ЩϳǷ˹ҪûԷһȨԷƱ˵УУ
ѾҲֻöģϾһΤ˿ɵڳϵľǸӼѣԼΪεˡ
뵽Ҳûʲôƴǵˣִ֪ܰһʲôְλ
΢΢һЦⲻպиֳɵģ
˾ܣãԲŷӦҲ˾ְ֮ǱѰʮһҲŸʲãⲻ̫ðɣ
ոջ˵ҪԷƱˡ˿ɲû㼴̾ȥְλʱЪϢɥڹˣ˱گ㵣δ˾һְ˵ŰӣĿԶ΢
Ժֳʲôʱ飬һԲֻվһԡ
Σջ⣬תԼԵ꣺ǹΨһĵܵܣ㣬Ҫ㶢ųеĹԱЩسôľ͵ô£ôľ;
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ֻðսԼӪöԷԼ鲼ɱķĵ·һһѪһһ
⣬ҲΪպһԶ޷ֲ˿ڣһһҲ޷ȥĿ
лҪ˵
лĵף
׷ֳᷢʲô˼¶أ


42 
ӵдź Ľճ룬ӶӦǰȥһ¡
 ˵ʵЩͻȻ
ڴǰ£ أ ޵ͥԺƮ ׼ȷ˵㡣
ƿݸ֪ĶŪһֻѼ Ե͡
岡ʣعɥһɽֹȻԴȣͥԺʱݸŸѼͷ
Լţ СѾͷȴŲæһ߼ѼͷһдʣƫƧ ƽҲûʲôģעġ˵ˣǸعң ɶ¶ǸóԳԸúȺȣ Щˣ
˵ţ˺˸ѼҲԣ
䲻˸ѼȣŪһ̲ͣסü⼸չеϽȣ ĶѼӣ
ԼѽʱǡɿмֻҰѼ«έǶڣ Ҿðಡһ£ʹһֻҺɣݸͺץſѼ˸Ϊ˧ƣ źʲô£ûоùúͻȻ
Ҹеǵһ㡣عԳڼͻڿһʾɣ̬ȱͺ΢ˡ֮Ĵͨһ˽⣬֮ˣοЩӸλߣլжҽճж񼲣˿ûв
µ˼ǹ֮żȻôľ˭ΤԼˣֻǡ
ҡҡͷⲻҺ޸ݵĲ²ˡ
𣬹һһȺףԪǿ϶ġ
һ棬ΤسҲѴӺص
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գĳ롣
˵λʮһĹϵ׽ԷϾ壬Ӷٵù˼һٹĵĸۡ
ͬʱϯɥǵĻгԡΤϽ塢źԼҺسһ˵ȣΪԶӣȻǲȱϯġ
ĵļҾò࣬һŮҲŸռڣͬꡣ
Ϲؿ޺ֲۣϷţһߵһ߶߶ţǷʮˣôһԾءһС¶ĸĿôء
һޣĵҲͷءǸ˼캰ء
һʱ䣬ۡʡ죬֪ĻΪǹɥء
ΪУȴְӣֻŷһ䣺ڰʮһȥļ˹˲Ӳܵģɥһ˱ּĶӼ̳λӡϷԡ
ŷ֮λ׳Ƕڳһ㶣Ȼ棬ֿʼһѱһᡣ
֪޿޿ޣɺͳ˵ǹĵĳӣֻ˵תͷ˸񣬡лŴҸͻȻʣĸײʤУˡ״֮
޷˵˾䣬ȴЦ
ĵĳӵ丸ļԲԼոյŵһ֡νġ̳λӡǸλζѡοŵλùĵĶ̳Уû˵һǳӡ
ع̾ʼվ̳оλģԼӶͶӪƫƫҲ鼸Ⱥ˾һԺеˡ
ֹͣ˿ٶȻ죬һ¾áģһԵĳֱࡣ
Ĺۿ˷־磬ֻͰ͵ſЩȥ
ɥṇ̀ĵ֮ͣѴһʱգҶֵ϶صҲΪ䣬岻ڸá
ǰһֱã˳ϼƷǰиΪС
ֵʱյͷۣ׼аȴһ̷һ˿Ծ
ղѬ㣬һ֪ġ
ΪȫǷֹ֮˰жֽ֮⣬һġΪ֪ԭŨҶĻ㣬ϲµĹ㣬˵ζġޡר˹ʵƤΪԭϣƳһֵּƵ㣬һʹá
Ȼиص㣬ζȻŨֵ㼫ϡ
ڸոĵʱ俴Լű߲֪ʱۼһЩϡ
ѭЩеķܿͷǴӹľġ
磬ľ˿ϷظϣȻǼõľã˵عĹһǧľ죬ˮҲ˻ûأľôӣ
ԽԽǰһĻΣʱ࿴ۡ
һط˴
лҪ˵
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ڲ岥һոյϢ
ΰĴص--ҡ-μҡ¼ңþˣᶨġ̾顷֧ߣ׿ԽĴҴ쵼֮һԭ˾ܸ˾ܡĴˣһ³ʱڼͻȻʮһꡣ
ĳңϻۻӢš굹ӡξʮһ꼴μӳƽ֮սΪص-˲ĥĹסӾ-תҵ-λϼⷢȡְδһԩٴΪ̾ͳɼͻļԶĶ˲֮ꡣ
ϽźԼѺʿ̫ӵǰ䣬׻Ȧ


43 
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Τһͬ˸ۡĴţ ͣĵص㻹һ· ˲ŶȴһԲ
һðصʱ ͻȻ ӵϼһƬҶʹɰļ࣬вҶʱ򣿡
ΤźۼЦЦϽָ
ûûУ ֻ˵ೣɰԱȣижˡ
Ͻߴͽ̡ΤɵŲΪԷٳӻƵ˵Щ˴ĸп֮ʡ
ȨⶫɳӣյԽʧԽ졣Ǵˣһ϶ϷҪ͸öࡣ˵꣬ ǰȥ

ʲôײж˼ӹĸۡĽݸʾܲ˼飬 ôĹľҲ˸͵ľĳ˳⣬һɾҲǣ ϾԼ壬 ˶ˣαأ¶ȱȱˣ
ذʲô£ҸղǷ㵽ûҲ©ǿ׶Ϊġһɹĸû
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ҲĿ֮¼Ѷж󣬹嵱úúõģ Ҫð˴ķȥװأ
ͳһСѾͷȥǵĸмһۣһ˼װֿͨԡһȷʵҪΪ˱ȫԼò²ߣڶŸͼı
ǵ¾ùһ֣
ҡҡͷ˵Ŀǰթԭһʱỹ벻ʱ½Ϊʱ硣
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Ϊ漧꣬ҲǴ˴ֵݸǴ˲ͬĲ֮⣬ֻݸǼԼѡˣΪԽ󱳽Էˡ
ݸ޷ȫΣ·治֪Լȥˡ

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ѩڣ︴ա
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볢һڣĿȻͣڱ߾ͼ棺ԹԳƽ֮սԪˣѵ˶ʮͻָˣ
ʮʱ˵˵Ҳ̡Թ׳Ȼǳսм˴ֻҪûǱ㲻ܶǵġ곤ƽ֮սŹѳ꣬Щ˶Ҵغ֮ǣֻҪԹսƱػعѪƴס
˵꣬ѽһ鵽һߣһЦߵūܲˣʮ߾ͶԱ߾
룬ͷʾͬٶȺݣƾԹһ֮ȷ
ȻӦɵ̧ͷĪԹ
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ҪΤԿԼֻսס
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ȴҪҧסȥֱ·ֻʣһˣֱԼߵ¡
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ڲǸ˵ݵˣӵıģȥ䣬ҲѹֵСŮ뿪Цغɵ
֪һԼ룬ҲᱳԼ
뵽⣬ĶԷļ򣺡ֻΤϣôһصĿİɣ˼ұϾϳҲڹȻڳϺ߻ԹȷôôǸˣҲȷʵüһɣȡ

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ȻֹٵŮ΢΢̧ͷȻһЦӣ
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44 żŮ
ͣ½Ų ؿǰĿģô㣿
˵˶ӣΪһʧСŮżתӡ˵֪Ը ҲһаŶдϡ˵ţ еȡ ˫ֳ
漴ż𿪣 ɨһݣĩˣ ̾˾䣺Ͻ治ΪԪϣ
Ȼ͵СŮɣͲŹˡǡ಻ԣ˸񣬼̶׼ȥ
ͻȻסһ£ ͷϵӿе죬ǳԹйա
ת һЦָ֧𣿴̫͡
ͷѹ֡Ҽǵĸ֮У֧óѪķﴩҩҡôû
̫ʹ͵ĶȻõģֻСŮüҸعϽ СŮԼҲˣ عʡ
ʲôΡüؼǡˡ
ЦЦƿż磬תȶȥ

յĳ¹ϣ ۵ıڶԹ˷ڱ߾̬ϡ
ʮǰĳƽ֮ս ʱǺεƣأ̻ûأһ˵ʲô򲻵áûҪؾǿĴúɽ ˴ηսĲŹʮ꣬ǵĹȥˣȱ̬ȵһλҴ󳼣һ˵ÿָ
ȻˣЩƾøλٲȻΪĳ˵һãվ˳
ΤǸ²飬ֱӽһߣתһݣϣϳδ飬ƽҲԹһЩ֪֪֪ˣܰսĵԹԱ߾ͻȻʮ֮ڣϸͼ֮ԴҪȼս𣬰ջ̻̲գҵ׿ս
Բӣδ̬ϵһʱѵõؿ˿ڣΪԹڱ߾СϣǲӦ⾯ЩһҲڱҪʱȷˣӮȻ
Ͻ֮ԣһϽҪôΤûϵṫȻڳϸϴιĳԷ̬ԼǷԤϵ˴ξѫɻ
⻰˵ġ嵭һЦҵֶֻԲߣڴǲȻᡣ
ⲻѪɺӡͿ̿ԹһƣǴ಻ս𣬽˼ҲһҪ¹Ϊɳ֮ǰ߾һ̽̽˵ʵҲһԹ˵һǰھιְν˳á
֮ˣϽѾѡ˰ɣûв´ϽƼĲɾԼΤЦտһӣǴ֣һα߾뷽跨Լˣڳ⸱̬
һ̯֣ƺЩСίγԣϷ䲻ţҲڳΪΨͣȮӺϷǼ׾ͽӾ꣬Ȼһ޳ɣҲҪĥԹ±߾ʵС£ϷôͿýɽ֮ΣϷ
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һϯΤԤ֮УΤԼʱҲܺϽҪƾٵľǺˡ
ʱѳ죬ǴƳĬϽѡ˵λһ
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һʵΤΪ죬ڳһɳԾȲѡ
ȻΪ꣬Τһ̱㷴Ӧʵ²ֹԼô򵥣ԷѾдһ£ŶԹȡǿӲֶΣʵ򲻹ǽͷһ볯õĻᡭ
Ȼһ˲Ϊǣ鷳е۱
񼴽˽ͬˣĿԶ׼
ΤĲ˾ʱߵһ𣬸뵽ڷ׷ܱӲվӵȻһᱻǰδڵ£ǵ͹⺢ˡ
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й˾֪Τ˻һڣһʱ仹ûܷˡ
΢˿ֲԾس¶ͷ
Լ˫΢΢߬߬ȴվδһԡ
Σ֮ǰսЦŲһ䣺ǰԳκĹ֮սλĿƿȹأֱڳǨֻ飬ݴͻܺˡڼȵಢҵʤĵ˳ͱ̸ֽ˼˼ǣ⳯Ҳδ˰ɣ
˻ָ˼ˣοڳĸ˾ԷڷΤֳ̼ͬΪ١
һﰵϣҪ˵ΤһҲûǲܵģȻʮ̬֮ȣʹЩֶΣЩҲĿŵظ
Ȼ˵һΤɴһݣǰǰдһӦɱദã˵оǲУ
һȳڳ޲пΤδ̫ţ֮ͥ´˵֮Ҳ˵óڡ
˿Ҳ಻סˣԣععҵģǴصĳãΤ
ΤӶԷļԿߣֱٰݣϣϳһԣ˷Ա߾ίʵΣӳκս飬ǰȥͳ߾ӵİϣ
Τݵúԣ
Τ㾹䳤ĺڣ
һָΤСУ೯Ҳ׷¶
۳ʱ죬ףԼԲʱˣλΪЧĲܳҳ뷨ͬǳе£ﻹҪϳԹ˴֮ʵɶ񣬹ҲΪøһɫֻٸ಻޵˱ϾͬСɣɣ˻ȥ˼˼ݺ顣ɢ
лҪ˵
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45 ŵ
˳ 㾶ֱȥ鷿
ͷϵ鼮ڣۿŶԷߵǰȴͷҲ̧鲻
㶼û̧ͷһۣε֪ûפ㣬 ˫ֻվڷڵǰ
ϲ죬 ϢƽԿȴ٣ ˵ϴʱɣ еСˡ
һ壺Լ书߾͸ҴĦʥǰɣôĵӣ
̧ͷ һΪࣺʮӣҲϲҴϵ˼
ѽ㡭ЦҲô棬ѹһֱûȢףôȤĸԸ޸㰡
һ㶣 漴һºף˵ĶĻСҺӹɵģΪСǾ Ҳűμ˶κ΢ʣѳ⣬Ȣʲôϵ
˰ˣ ҲָľԴˣ Ըûĥȥɡ
ӹڵĳƤײһСڣƤζˮ󿪶Ƣףֻһڱů泩 ߾ʱ䱻ͨ ⳩졣
˵յĳᣬǾʵúܡǣ 㽫ϳʱһд˵뷮
ĩˣ۾һ˿⣺֪𣬷ڡ⻹ҵһοΤǱ
ڲ֪Ӧֻ˳Ļ½ȻϽȷʾԸ֧ϣǽǷ񼴿׼߾ˡֱԣϻ۹ˣϾȱ飬׸սķģ
ʵڶԹĿϣͬΤġ
ĿԼĵܵԴΪ볯ûȨ壬ˣһζҪģҹҲֻڳԡ
ΣõֻгԣȻٲģҲֻôڱ߾еļԱ󽫶ľɲڣ߶ҲиӦδ¶ʲô죬ֻ˽ⷮһһ˵һӲתĨǣֱÿɰͬҲһ㡣
ȻϽĲڣǱðöˣ
ʵʵѡĪڣĿ͸һ˿ǸΣƾǰ߾ϲ֧֡ڣ㲻ҵŸѽҵΪһĽ졣ҽ֮УҵĽǰ̣һж̫ûˡ
ⷬȷǷԷθԷĲǿģ˴ɳǷڣԼҲᰲĵöࡣ
ȻĿǰǵ̬ȴò˼ĵܵܣҶܵһɣԼʱƷڣ֪
ǧҪ˵Ͷ黹е¶ΪΪЧ޺һϯʵڵϣҲֲ̿ѡ
СߣԵĿܵͬ
ɷڴӲΪԼĸҲδйԹԡֻС
һʹΩǴӣ
ۿԷ˵Ҫϥ£һֱۣڣڴ³ŵµһ죬ҽǧ﹦ҵٹ⣡

ΤһظټĻš
᷿䣬ϡλΤᰮѧ˵᷿ϷֱСľˮеġˮ򻷾ԼλѶдϵĻſ͡
ʱĻѷŽճ֮£Ϊޡ
ǸƥǳıӵˣҹȻԣ
ΪԼе˲𣬺ߡģǼ̱ȥ֤ݣڳϲһ
Ⱥ鼤ߣΤȴöࣺλ԰֮꣬Ƿ壬ֹǰ߾
ʱһֱδһԵ˹ڵ¹Ϊ彫ǸǻģĻݴ֮ϡһҵʱԻָϴ˾ٲȻҪóþԴΪƺ֮ˡ
Τ˵ͷ˵ģ඼ס
ȻΪ֮ôʹǿֹɹ϶ǸӲ¹Ϊ˾ٲòʧҺܸܿ»˹ԼĹ۵㣬ղڼļλĻ඼侲ˡ
ҲȷʵûþҪˣʱֽ֮١
ͨ˼һƿСװ׵˾պ볯úԣ˹Ȼͬ
ȷһܴӮⳡʤ˱֮£ˣҿɴһ£һ˰̣Ͻ׵帺֮𣬸ҪǰɨأԴΪݻȨϣǧټֹϵľ˳ˮԷһ飡
˹٩٩̸ΤʼյģΪߣԹΪء
˹Ҳ֪Ƿ֮⣬Τһ֣ˡ¹ֱԣĵǲֹóԿҵһ£Թ˴γ±߾Ķ
һϷҲûסΤ˹һۣ󷽷سϡ
ȷ˼ڤ뵽ڣҲδܲ͸Թ˾ڣֻƾֱΪԲȥ˵ģԼҲֱ˵¡
ͨżȷͷͷǵʲôߣ
ǰʲôõӣЩΪǰ
ͨšͨţ
ͬǻ˹üԷûӦΪ׼ʱ˹ͻȻʳָڴʾұȻָָš
ѭ˹ָķȥֻȻǹϵģ·ĵ洦һ˫ŵӰӣ
ڴ˴Ļʱʱϣ᷿ĳ˺ܶյԷ߲ȷõöࡣ
ſڵĵذͻֽӰ˵ʱվڷ⣬վ˶ԼʲôͲö֪ˡ
˹ᡰꡱһȲҪԼĿţ͵ؽųһһ⧲ߵ˽ŵĲһء
ҷ׷ǰ˵뿴һ˭ô󣬾ǽǡ
һԷ˶ʱˡⲻฮĹܼͷ
ͷô㣡
д̣Ϊ
㵽ʲô
ĻǵʣͷԵú޹ūūͲġ
Τ˫ָڱ󣬲ŲæⲽͷǰҴҪʱ˵õģһˮȡͷźҶ꣬Ӧöҵϰ˽⡣
ūžүȲ裬ĸλʱ䳤ڸǾһء
ԭǸᣡΤƺ˿̶תǰĻţǸչǱ࿼ǲܣԼˡɡ
˵ţԸͷ׼ЩˮҹͷӦűȥˡ
ŶԷӰнԶΤ΢΢ü
лҪ˵
лСʹĭ䡱ӪҺ
PSҲ㲻ǹŴ桰ˮ¼


46 
ƽİѣ һǸ˲õĴ
ôˣݸȥ衭ˣ Ҫռĸ÷Ϳڵѩˮδ ʮֲ졣
عĹͻȻֻһƧ֮أ ʵ벻
µԼһ 鵥Ų̫סĹҽΪڼʱס˷޴ɨһ£ ҲֻǷԸȥѡ
ԴסⰢСδһΣʹ̣ҲǼȥ
Ȼ£Ȼ Ҳ˳㡣Ȫ˶ӣǵã ʱʱ꣬徲ڡ˵ţעǰȥֵģ
΢Ц֪ʱӣ ֮ǰһֱע⵽ Ҳûȥû뵽ȥȻѿҲ£˸СеĻ轫˽ȥȻԽԽïʢˡ
ӡ֮زز 仪 ܺáٳЩƵԺɡԻŻԭλ
ʱ ڣҾΪ£Ϊ£Ǳûа͵ֻ⳼
һ£˵ǹ¡ԹԱ߾Ӧö֪˰ɣ
˵ͷȷжš
ɫࣺʵ㲻˵Ծܾش𣬵ϣ˵ÿһ仰ÿһֶģҪƭҡ
һ㶣漴ӦʣãҴӦ㡣
Ѿã˷Թ±߾һΪ˽ѴɺݣǷҲУ
ʣĻشܹϿ϶ûСҲûԹ˽´ʲôЭ飬˽µĺݣҲ֪顣
Ŷ
֪һκݱǰԴǴĹ֮һ겻Ҳ˲Ϊ˶٣˲٣οعͨԾսһûģټȥ궬ܰ겻ѩ֣ʳټɣҰɶһǳʳԶԲʲôȥ򣿡
Ҳޱ˼ֻǾԹ˴ξٶʵЩ֣ġ¼еʹ죬ҲԷ˽һɲҪĸһΪ˶ֺԶǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ݸǡö˻ʱƮ㣬ȴ˵ԼҪˡ
ϸߣ÷ôǵ·Ѿ˼ռĻѩˮӲóдˣͷһأݸƤһЦ
ô˳⣬ܹյݸ㵵Ŀ̧ͷһ
С̣ʧɫæǰ˫ֿסԷͷſԱ鿴һûˡ
ͻȻżЦһԵݸΪ·ū澶òƬ̣Ȳ˲ŶġϣôõĲţҲ̫˷˰ɣ
˵ݸûûأ䲻Լǰһ֮ľȻϢɨĶͲ
ԲӦë΢ƿԷȴֹʹû˶
СŮԿݣزǸʡĵġҪܲڹ
ĻһһڣȻԼ޹أȻ֪ΪΣֻĶǲˮ̣ˡ
ˣ㱣ء˵˺󣬺Ȼ뼧룬Ȼļ򣬷·ʲôҲûһ
תȥһɲǣȻ鲻Խһ
һ̣ôİĸûԹ˷ٶƱһıҪսΪһȥܾܿҲزˡ
ĵ׵ľǿңһֳ֮
ת΢ЦӢͦӰԡڲõعʲ壬˼󣺡ôˣ
㣬Ҳء
ǧӿߣֹ
ǰ˵ʲôأ
˹թܲ⣬տƾοƽ̨£䣬Դʱ
ԼţΥ˻ƽ̨Ĺأδػһ֮ʡ
ܶԺÿһĻ׷Īѡ
ʹʱ¸һ㣬԰һ㣬һв޷ءԲôʹ࣬Լ಻ںڰпòꡣ
ÿˣߵһ
ϴûкҩǹ¶صһǳΪӰӡ
硢ΤǶᱻʷᣬʷȴעйκμ¼
ûСûеֻ̫ӵ
ֻ֣аǵãͬأҲŰ뿪ܿܿһɳԶû޺ۼ


47 
Τߵ鷿ſʱȻ ԼѺܳһʱ䲻ˡ
ʱԼÿһ䲻鷿ﶽӰټҵѧ˵ ÿһƪʱ̫ӣ ˱ȹش
ֵصĹ˿Τ æڷ۵ͨ
ʱ 䴫ٸ
Τδ鷳ˣԼ鷿
һ̧ͷ壬 ٸôˣ
ΤвˣԿżɽϳϣջسҪóǰ߾
򣬷΢̧һսչ 鰸ϡ
Τһ۱ɨ˳Ե֣ĴһУ
ⱸķϣ ˵˾䣺˵սǧѷꡣ
Τ֪˵ȥҲ޲˼ȥȻһŬϸһ룬 Թڴǰū ʮ߾ԿҴأмʤ㣿ȻҾϵ߾ıȷʵ࣬ ԹʮͻϮ ȷпǵĹʵ̫ԭ֮أ³ǳزѣ ѵסƾԹʵʹ̫ԭʲôأϳ˼У
ΤĿ֮ʣֻĸ֣
٣Թĳѵһ˶ûôΤ˵׺ҲҡλһջȨĲᣬǳƽ֮սĹ󻹲Ǳ˾ְϿ˼ΪҪô
ϵһȫƵٸ˵ǡԻᷴ
Τüһ漴üϳ޴⣬ֻһļ衣ִҲӦɸʵѡ»ٽҲȳʣ
ĶӣΤΪƾٴѾԼòҲˣȻԷ̬ȴ׺ġ
ǹ˿ųģʲô˹Իᷴ׽ɡ
Τһ⻰ҲŭˣǰһɫΪŲϳϳϼ֮գϳ֮ʱٹ٣ԿΪ֤ΪϳΪԵɣһδëȥǰߣ⣬ΪߵΪѵһʱҲȲ𣿣
˼Τһ˵У൱ˣΪҪٸĸЩ¹һֱһֻ۱һֻۣԶûиߣڳý苪ֲ֮켺¹ҲǺ֪飬ɹȻ֮֮ٸ˵Լÿһ¶Ϊ˹ˣ
֮ŭʣΤȻûģǱ˵ıԶԡ
Ϊ˳ɾԼĹҵ޹ԼҶֵʱΪһ֮˽֮˳ΪӵʱĶӳΪعλӵʱ򡭡һĶԼʲôɱأ
ϳϻǷϳΪڴء Τϥأϲϳϳ޻˵Ըϴ˷ǶԵģҲǰף
ΤζĿһݣ΢΢̧ףԴˣϳƲԺء
˵꣬λعú绽ʮصسһԲעˡ
תȥıӰһξٸˡ
ǰˡ
֪䣬ԷıûǰôֱˣĶҲ˲٣Щˡ
ϲ䳣̬ô
ôˣԼҲԶǵǸֻ֪ԼˣСˡΤҲˣôܲȥ
ֱΤӰʧǰսȭ
ٸͺúÿŰɣŹһȨ֮֮ۡ

Գǰһ˹
һټҳֵ֮һ԰ɢ̸
þûɵر߱ˡŲһò£פͬƶһչľ޴ڡ
ТǨʱ˲֪ٸḧϸ񡢰߲ƽƤ˻УǵСʱرӲŹѡû㣬Լ͵͵ˤȡ
ǵ£ôǵôἰʱЩԶе㲻˼Ͼǿɲʲôʵ顣
ЦǹˣҲǵãأ
²ףĪˣ͵Ӱɣ
úã˲ǡ˵ӣ˷ʤ̻ݺݴһԹô
ֳƮƮԿɲţҪ˵ô׾ͺˣδϹսҲ֪սУЩպյĴ󽫣ĸɽ𺣵ɳһ·ƴɱġܾһûУʤܡ
Ҳ̫ǣ彫սƻѾˣԱ߾ؾʮ֮ڣʱⲦԹʮ߾̫ԭһԵԾֻСӦò򡣿ͻϮϵ·;ϽʹϮɣԹ˲ȫûġ˵ţĳԵļ򣬡μǣͻ-ҪܣҪġĺϢ
סַģܶУؽԼؽʿؿڣ΢Цŵ
ʮЦʸɾЦݷ·ҲһȾˡ
ľݸһµܵܵķͺԼһαԼѪͨĺӴʱ
˵ԼԼĸֻÿɰΪܳ裬ǰһ̶⺢ӽнڴǰ
ôãҲֻòЩƶѡ
ЦЦȴǺÿŶ˷ǫǫ֮һľӣȴԼӺͲɶ磻һԣ򵥴ĺúӡ
Һãֻ񡭡
Ϧ΢ӳŲ֪֤˶ٸɣĹľŻЦҫ۶Ŀ
֪ǳһζЦֵۡ
Դһȥ
һ䣬ٻˣݴǰ
лҪ˵
֮ʣȺæȨϴƹлȨæվӣֻܱΤʼձѵͷԡʵʷϵΤҲǸвŻء
PSоۻᣬϲ֪ӻ̫СɰǾͲҪȸˣָ¡


48 ¶
գ ٹΪϽ볤ԽС
ϳ¥ۿؾΣһ·ƺƵн
˺ÿգ յľ ԼϽԼǷ˳ȵȣ  ԰
µһγϣһ౨ɴűʿ
ɨһۣ Ȼųǵݾǲͻص౨˵Ͻıѵϵ뵱ؾɹϣ·⻹£ѵִ߾Ҫ Ǳ٣λ֮ǰԳɵģԲо֮ģ ڿ΢һ˰ɡ
˵ЩʱȻ΢ЦµĳǿɲΪǱʾѺãһԸ״ۣ˵š̿֡ҡ
౨õһߣ ӸɨһȦصڳ ̶ζĿ˵˾䡰˳
гȴǽ֪竣һԼܵĵġ
Ȼս֮ƸӣھΪʤȯջΪʱ硭
˼ˣ Լüģ Ƿϡ
ֻҪʲô֮ĴʣԹͷѿУ ƾԵıԱûġ

ؾ˳ϵ֮󰴼ƻڵһ죬ڶ˷ͷжǰ̫ԭԾע⣬ؾ㽻ȥִϮ
ǰһϣԿͼ˾ʣǡøԼӭ
ң
⼸岮ھУְλߣ˵ӳδǡ
Ҳûʲô£ҪϽҪʴȥ̫ԭˣʮȫһͳ˧ټоûۡһʹ岮˵ȥԴΪУʮֹƵġ
Եͷ¼Ա󽫶ɸԼԷһߵȷȱ֡
Ų˼ǡҰѸ彫
Ͻô޷ϵķԸ߳ʲôӣ㡣ʵϮǲΪ˵ɽôǾ񣬽´࣡˵ˣͻϮɹãɳǣʲôõĵģϽǱߣҲˣܵмӦš
Ÿ˵öԣʲôͻ-⼸岮ǾþɳϽ±㣿
һ˼岮˵ĻǺеģǾǼɲȥ̫ԭ

ΤȻӦ֮ǰŵʾȱϯ˼ʽҴ˺һֱԳƲûϹһĳ
̫żֲֻǲȥЩ˲ε̲Ʒ
ͬһεǣ˷˱ڿɵһֹԱ֮⣬ûǰΤ̽οʣټνſȸ
ǵ˼Զ׼вһʱΤҪˡ
ڹȥļΤȨգǸ˶óԾ֮ĲͣǶȴֿȨԣǰһֱܵΤһѹƣ֮ѱ֡
ο֮ǰǴγϣ̬ȰҪһԿΤΪ׵ĿԺ»治˵ؼɲվӣҲվӡ
ˣ˪һԼȲʵ
ͷ˵żз纮޴󰭡
˪δ䣬̫ȴżˣô˵û
˪Ͻҡҡͷǵǡū澽ʱպ˷ҩ׼Ϣū澼ţ뿪ˡū澴һ仰˵ǡ뵣ǣءԣ˸֡
뵣ǣءԼظһ˸̶֣૵Ĵ˼ѣȴұغԼ塣
̫γԣֻȾ˷纮ܿͻõġҪʵڲģɸҽةȥƲˣ
˪һ˵򵥾ͺˣ˪ʣֻ̫εس̾һ
ҲвˣԼΪ䲻ô£ЩͼЩ˾ϲֻЩΨ²ǿóġ
ֻԼѧĶ̫٣޷ΪΤǽѣΪֵһ㶼

̫ΪΤ³üչʱ·ĳҲһ˿Ծ
û죬岮Ǳľһ˵ЪţΪһЩͷ
һʼֻΪ岮ôףϾίΣԼɶҲȫƸʵ񻰣Ȼʱƣһƺ򵥣Ǿ¶͡ˡ
ûһʹȴ岮һ䡰š˹ȥ
ԽԽòͷھշת԰˯Գ
ɫʿǴӪϢˣԼоʸתƬ̣俴һϤס
°ݼ򿴵ȴԷһסֱʾ
ֻԻܣûʲô˱С֪㣬彫ˡ㣬ڴ뺪ǻжԶ
סˣĿǰûнӵн
ʲôǲ֪ҾҪȥϮ𣿡Է죬ԸǳԾѡ
ֻһССսǻܣȻ˶֪ġ
Ҿнˣ룬Ͻʵ

ԴһЩг
ôܵˣ
ԡо·ߣҲƲ
һ⡭
ôˣ
Ե˼ʵ·ʶʲôȡԼ彻ԷȻѹɤţ쳣˵ǳṦӦò㼴ܸϻӸţֻ񽻸ؾѵԻ׼סǧҪСģ
һ֣ű뿪˴Ӫ
ŶԷӰʧںҹĻУתӪʷһۡ
ʮŵƣû˯
ȭҲҪʸ
뵽⣬ƿʣű˽ȥȴһ̲˼۾ס
岮ǷΧ¯ھ-ľѹʵĹģ
ʮʮһ壿
лҪ˵
ãۻĵ
ڡթʬˣ


49 
³ã ӵľ
ϽݱѳɹԹ߾ԾУŷߣ ˫פ̫ԭһš
ű ˵ͷãҴصϽ һ֣ Թˣһ·ҲףȥͰɡ
лϣ
Сº ڿڵϽսݣΪϲɫ
ĽݱˣǳǱѾüˣһϢҲûС˵ǲܵģԷһйɣ ÿͻһţ񽫽С¹ȥˣ ȴһδյ
һ꣬·У鼸ҲġȻ԰οҲԼеһ˿ͬѰ
Ը˰ɡݱ鰸ϣ ᰴ˰̫Ѩ
޷ڰ;Ծ·꣬ ĿǰΣоϱǣƣ˼ʹԾԷ಻ᳬ ƾͷ ҲΪ
ѵŵʱǷҪ
һ䡰šδ˵꣬ һλȪ̴ӻŻŵؽǰһ򣺡ϣиѪԳǳ˵˳֮Ҫ
˵ţ˫ַһ塣ڿǻʱ⡱һֻǳԵ֮
ԡѵĳˣ
ˣƴһŵⱲӶ̫ԵüϣԵĿһֲ©ش֮󣬱ȥ

ؾôҲᵽֻһֿԡ
ԺвϸֳԸɾʵЦգսǿ壬ȥٸ
Բڴˣǲǡ
̴ӻ䣬ͻȻ̧۾â̱ǰĹˣǾù˵Ĺȥ룬뽫˴

߽оʵʱڼ£Ų۾
ôʮһȻţ㲻Ӧøе𣿡Ļǰɫ̨һδࡣ
΢΢̧ͷЦһȴһδ
δˣҲסı˵߶µ࣬ľɲصķʳжôҲʮһ壬ǲẦġ
ԴС㱻һֱǻų󣬺̹
ԭΪ⺢ӳԵͷˣû뵽Ǹġ
ẦңԵǼ벻ʣթֶƭ˵۾ھǱֻͬ岮Ѿ˼彫Ĳ´ߵ롣֣Ҳ˵ûкң
ġЦʢŻԭλôܹʮһأֶߵģŸʮĵܵıȨҲġ
ԳߣǰҵĴҪ־͹ʶ˲壬ûмǵնģ
Ͷ࣬ļԿڱԼԣڴ֮ǰϾźʮҲû뷽跨˵ԣȻ˽һӻһȥùĳ
֪岮ԹͬĻŸʮĵҲ˵ˣ֤Ҳø㿴ˡôȫ˳Ӧʦ˴ͳͬ壬Ӧ֦ͬŶԡǵԷݣĲδ˵̫أϾٴĿǰԻõģܽԷ£ͶɵӪΪϲߡ
ϣԿڱĻ˭Щıҳ֦ͬ
һ䡰ı桱˹ģ³ؾԵĸ첲Էǿק˫ＸҪð˭Ҫı棿ı˭棿ԹĵΪ֤۾úÿλָΤҰ֣ҲûκѪԵϵ˸ھıϣ
𣬿ŹĵͲм֤ݣ췴Ҫʲô֤ݣʦ˳ӦǵΪˮ˼̸Ҳѵںԣ
ķ߶һ赽˵ϣ书ϱͲ佫ĹĵĶ֣ټûнʳſǳĵһʱ
ǰһץԵͷǿͷԼƤЦⲻЦؿǰǱ꣺ʶʱΪܡСαأΪĵףұû취𣿡
ԹĵգʼղΪΪǸ̰ôȻǱǴá
ġ·Էڤ粻һּ޴Ϊʵ̬һҲҪԹֻŻʦһɱΤǸռλҰ֣ٷֲ㼴λɡģֶһô˵Ҳ㵱һʱ˵ʮһȻΪ㡣
СˣΪҵ췴ܳɹһʶǵıƣйΪһı˽ǲΪ壬ΪҴ񣡡
ƴǯƣֻһץȻŭ뷴ڹĿһֻèڶԼצòһ
ȻҵĺֶƲԳԷƣôʮһҲûİ취ˡ˵ţһܿʿ䣬˳ԵĽк˫˫˸ʵʵ
ڿʼ㽻ܣΪȫƽôţԶ͸ҹࡣκβأΨʣ˵꣬תоʡ


50 
Τ̤ţ ֻ¹ڣͷһݣ˻ڲٸ֮ԣ桭
򲻿ˣδ䣬 Τæһ δ һлδɽˮĵز
˵ţ ҪԱҲ½½ˣһ̲ס໥۵ô¡
Ѵ˵һ飬 ˽Դʧɫһʱ˽֮ڶлɳѱͶеģΪԿ⵽Юֵģ൱һϳֱԻƿСѵΣ˷Ѵȥ˵ǲмһˡ
ʱ ΤڵϣΪ֮ӦŪΪλнһ
ٸΪأ
ϳΪԳ ʹûϹս಻ڷ·ַ˼Ĵ󣬺ο߲ϽϳƲ⼫пǾг״ҸոҲᵽ˳ٳֵĿԣϳ鲻Ӵ˴ֵ顣
ΤĻĵǣ һ뵽ԵĴ ɫ߬߬壺ٸøô飿
ΤȻϥһڳȻĿиݵˡϳ󲻾֮ϳǰķصؿʬ
һ޲Ϊ𾪣 Ҳˣ ΤҪʲô
ΤôĵӣȻ һλϴ󳼵ָΤıӴݺεΪ¾Ĵ󹦳ƾ޾ݱ㻳һҲۣȻ꿪ףһΪԵΪȣѵ´˾£úô
˵Ҳ׷ָΤĲǣгظߺҪġ
ʱ˳Ĭͬٸ顣
䣬ϳǼ¹ϣ򲻿ɰջس
δᣬǴλ˫ֽΤ𣺡ٸ۹Σ˶

δΤ칬еļױ˹ĵĹǰȴ帮ϵ׾첻֪Ӻε֪ķȻһ
ĵķ˴ӼһɼҶױţһʧȥơ
ΤŮ֮ƽϣԼǷй£Ȼĵķ˸ȥøһ㲻ģſھ־ʹ򣬺üױץˡ
ĳҲָΤԴΪƣڷʬطѽĳʹҸ˳ƽ֮սĺպչΪ׿ΰѫȴ˾棬˷ָ֪кͿΤĿ
ԣۿԷоԽףΤɫһһʱԲ׷
ȼ䣬ȴϣԷΤ壬һʱûġ
һʱ᲻ĸ׵ݼֲָֹӼҶŵͼ翹ס
ΤһҲ˵̬Ҳˣý͵ĶһˣȻԷţǾݹ档
Τ˵˸ƣױǽӵ׷׷żɱĸϵļҶʮˡ
ֱѪˣһѧˣҲͣˣϾû˻ɵҪ-ʸײ
ʱĵĹѱ򿪣ԿĹ餡
Τ˵˾䡰סױù˿ľԵż˺׸ƿ
һ󸡻ƮΤʣµļױǰһ
ϣľпտҲ
ĵķ˼״ڵء
ΤЦνѿƭ۾ģʱס
ǣĸһ˵ȫ£Σ
лҪ˵
ġӻһС


51 
ոսĸŷյ һתݸײײ˽б-ڷϵӶˣʱһôô ʲôˣ
ˣݸܵ Ƭ̲Ŷ϶˵ Իͬһҡˣ
է֮£ ΪԼ˻
ıôܣ
ֵܹϵһֱʮܣÿÿ뵽˶ĽѡοǸ棬 ֮ˣҸȨԸȥ
Բıģһ⡣һ㣬ʮƶ
ݸεһ̯֣ҲǸµţ ɹɶãʲôַϭĶ
ϭϾдЩʲô
Ҳ·عʱǡģ ݲֻǵ˵ʲô̫ʲôԼҴС㣬Τϵĸ輧Ҳͳ ̫Τ˽ӣ Ҳ̫ܳ˰ɣ˵عѾըˡ
üͷ˳˼
ı֮ͽΪԼ췴дһûʣɣԴѸ£ ν֮ΪϭġҲ۳ı±㹻Σ ݸոյֻƬУһ˿ͬѰ
µӷ׷ӣ 뵽֮ǰĵթһԿ϶ıһ빫Ѳϵ
ɾ췴Ϊʲô硰޵Ұ֮ţ
һ˵ָӹܣǶٻһЩ
ݸΪοƪϭģĪеģܸоﲻԾ
ҶһۿԷں˵˵϶ҲŰ룬ǸӳֲɵӣʱԼӷ֮ѵָ˵һ򲽣ԲⲻƽЩѵҲȴԼģҲ̫Ĵ˰ɣôģһ㶼ţ
ݸĻ˼ΣͻȻݸ𴫸ţȥһ󡭡
δ䣬һ΢紵ǰ鷢ǰӰǾ
΢΢һתһԾӰƾʧҰ֮У·ոյһֻǴ

һ֪ϵһ˱ʣϽͷʣµľԼһСװУһ·ҹݼٱ
Ͻϵ̨ʱδüж£һ㵱浥ϥݣͷأĩ
һ˹֮Ͻθɣ
ɹز¶֮ɫĩ
Ͻ˵ʲôﲻģȻɣҴϽȶģΤƳһۣδһԡ
ɶѽĳʹأټ֮ⲻܵǣȻѱ췴һ´ɵ㣬ĿǰζѲ˸ϵġ
Ȼȷʾ£֮Բ
󳼽ղ԰Ϊպóı
ʱĬõΤڿڣϳΪĿǰľƣӦϽǰ֮ƽѾ
˵ͷΤĻ뷨ıϡ
Ǿ񣬵ϾҲֻ򣬴ǲܵġ
¾սһֱȥʱԽԽֶǣȴ̬˭Ҳܱ֤߽ĺͬ˻᲻ٴҸȼ
һ飬վϽʮַѾΤݡϭ
屻̨
֮Խ£ô˻ὫڰھְԼԡı桱ȥ
Լĵܻܵ췴ͬҲ಻ţϾȫ鲢ԵֻԼˡ
Ŀǰݲ˹̫࣬Ż뵽ΪĸһȲ̫ע⣬ھ¡
ŸԼˣȻǺԥһڴӦϾԾԼƼģû˱ϣϴ


52 ѷ
ϭĻΤһʱ䣬 صԼĸۡʱѾҹĻ졣
ͷڸڵȺʱΤһƣػ Ϊһˮ ݽ滺ǡ
Ũأ ͷ̲סСʵүڹдһ죬 ţ
æ˵ϡΤЬӣ˺üǷ ۾ˡ
ū֪үһæͷʳôأū¹¹ղѾȺˣôЩ
ͷ˵šɲȴΤڰ֣ʱˣ Ͳ鷳ˡ
˵ţͷѶ¹үٻõɡһϲζŨҵĳʳ 嵭θڹæãҲúš
֪ˣҳЩǡѽ ԽԽ߶Τ˵С룬 ӽ˼£״˵˾䣬¹ζ̫ԡǰһ
ͷüһ Ȼװ£ūһ
Τ¹ݵǰ ЦЦ㳢
ͷЩΪѵؽӹ룬룬 ŽСẒ̇ūūͳԹˣΪү׼ġ
֪Ϊ׼ģȻôһζ׶أ
䣬ͷʧɫͨһ˫ϥǰү
ΤЦС˵֮ҷŹ㣬᲻̫ˣ
үүūһţūǸĶǷ˶ծ𣬱ȥ͵ץˡմɷ͵ҪֵġͷϥеΤűߣסһһġ
ĵߣֻӦԶĶһ档дʧҲӦйˣͨ籨ţҲǰ׼ƭˋ۾ΤӸµؿϹܼһѱһعԼǰȻú̡ܷ
Դңͷң꣬һֱǻ빲ĳΤѾѶԷԼļ˿
ȻΣһ˸ʹҳϵҲᶯҡѡѡ
ûûūȸġūۣүūɣ
Τ̾˿ڵֻһ
ͷ̫˽Էľ̶ȣ֪ȥɴһȫˣǰǼ¡
ǰ
ǰݱһ꣬ʽλΪع¾һꡣ
үūҲײ̫ܡ
̫󣿡Τޱ˾䣬˵㶼ʲô
ͷսսϣūʱͲһôıǡɿү̫󡭡ҲǵڣС˽ᡣū̫˵˵ͲԼҵĹ㣬ϡص󣬸뵱ʲô̫󣬻үһ뿪Ϊ̫Զûȥ·ūԽԽ£ҪԴ¶үһʱͿūǣū˼ȥ͡үʸ౨͵͵д˽š
ӳλ󲻾ñⷢ϶ΤһϣҪȻԶᡣ
ַʽ淢ңδԣѶҲ˻ɡѹڴ֮ǰĲɫȴһҹ֮䲡ͻȻء˵ףҪһ˵ܶ꣡ΤЦ
֮ΪͻȻҹٳ빬ԼĸͬΪΪ̫ӵ¶һ٣Լױдλگ飿ˣеɻȷĴ𰸣
ҶǷگֻд˼ӳΤһһ̺Ҳ޷⣡ȷ̵ĺӣΣӳĺ磬ΪȷѪͳĴɴɱҲẒ́ڵʱܻˣ
˵Τδ۳˼ķ𣬽ضҲǺ
һ֮ٲȻ֮𣬾ֽȻͬ
ʱҲҲ
ͷͷһС㣡뵽Τ̾һҲաȻʵϣ̷Ҷķϣ㡣
˵ţһСƿͷǰ
лүĹūлү˲С˹Τ˲׷ͷǧлϽƿӽҩȫ¡
ȻҪϸоʹֹ
ҩͷſڣȴԼڱǳѪֶ˵ˡ
þ̧ͷΤɸ߸ϣٽģ塣
ʮദͷΪѰѶԷϲΪϰ˸͸ȴһ̻Ȼһ˵ɲ⣬Ҳġ
ĬĬСԼߵϹܼѪصڵϣֹͣΤ˱̧ۣ߳˷䡣
лҪ˵
ǷڵĵҲӳţԺҲἰ


53 ͱ
ʴƽѣ Ϊĸһ̡ͬ
콫δ
ֻһǵĳǰȻǰһĨɫٻӰ
 ߵݸ󣺡˵ɣ ôԼҳν£
ݸת ע⵽Է½Ǻͷ̸һ㱡˪¶ˮ ȻǳҹɫǵġŮϴ˿٣ ԽԽǽˡ
Ǵӣ㡣
ݸ˵꣬ڲüϡ棬ѾͷһؾȻѵû죡
뵽⣬̲סЦʱ̣ ʱϺٹٵϳ¥İҲӿϴСУ ʱأ
ΪֵǸɵݸش¶ԷĿ磬Ŵóһöɫʯͷݸǰˣţ͸㣡
ڽӹöι״ʯͷ ˰Ҳûܿʲôã ֻԼƳǸ沿еɽè
˵׻սһ˺üʱΪһС״ʵİɫʯͷ Ҹҵˡսϵۣ ϣܹ޲ս޲ʤ ֻԸ׻ܹӻƽƽ׻
ݸֹĵૣڻȻ򣺡ԣΪҵģ
ҿոûѿھʡʲôޡѾͷƢԣɲôˡ
ݸССغһθֻƣѾܲˣ
߬ö񹤴ֲڲʯͷ׻֪Ϊηڸеؿڴ΢΢һһʱ̵ζӳ£ӿͷ
˷սΪƽѣʾȻս֮չǽϣ̫С
˴ƽཫ˰Σ֮⣬ȻŴһĨӰԷΪĵ̵ʯͷϻһ̣ںۿһ״ͣɲǼ粦һнʡ
ԭһ컹δʱվڳſڵȴԼĳһΪôʱ;ֻΪıӣһļԶǧҲʱʱ̹̿ţԭǣһָо
˼ˣڽʯͷϻģ֣µؿǰŮ͵ģһһֱ
ͺһֱߡǰɽ𺣣꺮⣬η塣
ԷҵĿݸЩڣ΢ƫͷԱֱܿӡ
ںȻʲôϽӻȡһСش򿪣ֻһ֧ɫͨĴ
µģҵ˵֧ϲĶȻֵʲôǮȴΪ°ɡڲԴǣ˵ϣ֮Ѿˡ
ݸ˸ȴûнܶԷûҸİ׻ҵȻҲӣôڻա
룬Ҳԡ
Լڼǰսδ³ŵ
Ǻáҿ飬ٸҴ𰸡 ˵꣬תսһ
˻һδ˵һ·Զ
ع֣쳯ϼ鲼ʣеչ֮䡣
ݸӭճȥӰ·𿴼ɳ֮ϣһװɱе龰ˬӢˣ緢
һֵиһˡһ̾ݸı
Ҿӣŵʲôݸͷӭϼӵ
ӦµսǰҫҶ١ݸӣۿЩᣬȴչǿЦǱͲһ·ˣ֪ΪΪ֮ҲŲôء
ɵԲ
Ϊ֪վʧԴһʼ㲻κγŵ
ݸļ磬ѾͷƽһֵģʵԷ˼˭У۹˭
һ·ˡ
ǰվһȺڰҹУͬȵĴڣûм˰ˣûйȥδֺݶǼٵġ
ȵߵͷһ죬ж˼ǵã
һ·˵ֹݸ뷮ڣԼͰҲ


54 

ʱ֣ ձɽ
վǰŶɽϵӪկѾӪ֮ң Ŀ֮
Ȼ߼ľγͰ֮ƣ 赲⣬ 粽ѽ
Ͻ ѾܣҾù£ ѳƣ̬κһԱ´Ҵǰ㱨顣
Σ
Ҿ򣬲ѾҲûֵʲôˣʧҲǧڡ
ɽ¶ѻŲʬ壬езģ ҲԼ˵ģŨҵѪԼͭȱеıζ
ɱڼ ӵӳѪãԶɽ
ǰս˸ƣȥ ձӪ
صоʣ Ͻټһ˵ֶԲߡ
Ķվһԣڸղųʮֲ⣺ʤδ֣ΪμձʮѾֻһ룬 ѵǲɣ
ˣ ׳սλҲˣǴòð˵һϽ Ѱ߰ףȥ廹ҪЩ
ݣһغ˫ʿ
Ĵ֮ʦ˵ûг԰̣ӵƵǰҲδ쿪ʤ෴ȵз࣬ⲻܲץ
ڼһʱڽ˷Լļ⣺ĩΪǿӲȡߡ
Ŷ˵˵Ŀ
ĳϣӲģԴ˵˽ھְĹӾߵźˣڶԷھ·澿мＸ֪ԷڼȻ˿ڣ˵ȥ
˴ɽؽ϶࣬ѹΪһҾʦԶһ·ҹ̸ϵƣԷŵݴͣӦս׼Ϊ֮ģĩĵ˽⣬˼÷أ곤ƽ֮ս˳ɹסԹʮͻΧ˵ûҴҲ˳һټԾսıҾܹʮƣʮ˶ѾȡǿѾԽҾĴҲǼΪصġ
ڵһϯڣཫһЩϽδ¶Եľ죬Ѷǰ棬Ҳеǰһ
δμӳƽ֮սɱϾ֮˾þɳڹĵñٻ˽һЩġ
ò˵ڻǳϵģûκδӾˣսԼսƵķȴѷЩھеĽ죡
뵽⣬̲סʵ֪кƵ֮ߣ
ڹֵĩ޼ϮھѡپʿСӣѾ·ǱɽҵзоڣٷŻǵĴӪϽٳҴΧ͹ӦϣһٻѾ㲻¡
ͷƾոյѿǸɶõţøжȲɵøļƲţ³ɣҾѴ֮ƽѡ⸺Ϯ֮ȶ
ףȥɣظʾԼԸ
䣬ϱв˸͡
ٽսḻĩΪУ
ĩҲΪٽʵѡ
廷һȦڽתڣأ
ĩΪס
һ仰δ꣬ڵɫÿˣôñѵΣ
ĩ޴⡣ֻĵھְ꣬-ڣضٽģ֪ٽǰȥпܻᱻһѽϳڲһһԼĹ۵㡣
ʱ̧֣Ѿ˴ҹϮѾӪɷȫȨ𡣡
˵ţǰ֣صĶԷļף˷ܷ˳ƽѣͿˡ
ڵϥᶨĩʿ䣬ʹ
֮Թ÷ڣڶԷھ·չֳĲܣҪǶԷݡ
ˣԼλĸھ˵ƽʱõظӦҲԴ÷ڻþΪԺõı׼
ԼֵĴ㣬˷׷ӵĳıԶǣʵѵã
ΪԴĦʥ⻹һ׵ģϧĶⷽһأۿװ׸˱ˣϴĲ⣬߶߶ͣףͻϮӪΪʲôȥôõͺ´ˣ
һ쵽ֻ֪屻߶ˣתһ¶ӵԴԴӺͱһòҪģ
佫̲Ϊ˾ôãǧѷĻ᲻ӣƫƫһˡҿţԽ󵨶ԽСðա
С㻹ǲǣ
Ҫȴñӻ죺˾Ҫ֣ͷҸĸס
˭֪ӪеıΩϽ֮ǴӣϽΩ֮Ǵӣ
ڨڨָ֣Ŷӽס̾˿ѽ㡭֪Щģ
һͷˮʲô˼ѵǸƾô
ƾûΪǸǹģ
ģ
ߵˣ˴γɵڶ࣬ѾϭҲ͸ΡҵĸȷԼĸζ¡뿴һϵĵܵ췴һǷĸǵ˭Ҫȥˣʱһ㿴ʲôÿģ¹ôĶ֪ٸҺúĥĥҪСҪ
˵꣬ڻȻȴֹײ˵̧Ҫˡ
лҪ˵
лСʹĭ䡱ӪҺ


55 
һԡѪɱ սݸһ䣬ս˫ģԴɽš
ҹ˾ פڶɽϵѾӪ˵ƻ
ڴ˵СֶīҹɫǱУ һ̱ɽ
 ǰѾĴӪˡһСѹɤ ˵ָָǰɼĵӪԼػѲߵıʿ
ſڲݴӰľڻĿתضǰ һ˫۾ҹĻо
һȻҪӪⲻ󣬹ؼڲݾߵǰѸоʵλá
ѣȻһ죬תͷ ԵС˼ԼıӣЩϸϵü ûԱ
ԺʶһѼǶԱߵСȥ̽·˵סԼźţ һӪ˴ˮ Ǳһȥһ߷Żһ߸ŴСУӪŪԽԽáһʱһûǱԭĳˣ𣿡
ݴеʿǽԵʾ ڼʱˣ Сʹ˸ɫèһѾӪӽ
֮ǰǳսۣ ܹĲͰʽķ˵һǿҲ˲ٿԼߵʧ಻ǸСĿ
ζԷϾռݼƣĲɵתΪϣأһֱصԹԮعóңйٴγɡ
ʱΣֵʱ̡
˳ػѾӪأֻǵзΪܣĻͼΪƵ
Է¶ţһʱ
˰죬оʵڵһ񣬺Ҳע⵽
Ż϶ںСһ﷿û뵽ĻͷȻæµ
Ȼ俴˽ǻͷǾѵúܣϴʺʣʲôˣ𣿣
ڷӦҲܿ죺Ƿ˹Ĵ˵оλ͵ʳ
֮ǰ͹һô
ˣָôҲǱΡĴ⽻λóԺúȵعţҪǶˣǵԴҲͲˡ
һ̯һ޿κε
ͷӲδɣ֣ðɡ
ںСǰ㣬ǻͷֹ˾䣺ƽоͳԵĲ
̧ͷһЦȷʵֲǣλǰѳԵĶôĴ˲֪Ҳãԭͷһٸ˳ȻͻˡҪ˵ȥǰƴӣܺùֺõĲ¡
ǵҲǣͷͷɱȻðյлźλʲôô˰ֻ
˳Եľ͸ϿȥоʰɣһΪλ׼ҹء
ͷеġˡָӦþԼǼ-Ȼ֪Щûʲôã԰оʵλȻûҵ
Сƴʾ취ǻͷĻȻԷȴŲæؽԵһһװʳУ﷿ȥ
оĶǻһ֪šСһźȴֻؽ
ۿ˼˻﷿ͻȻŲһͣת˾䣺λֵܣܲ鷳ȥһоʣ
ǻͷüͷһ壺ȥ𣬼λ˵ҹûأ
߻ػ﷿ŵ̬Цֱŵӣⲻǵĸ㲻𣿶ҹĴ˼˵λӽţã򲻵ѻӲġԡ
鷳һˣһϣôܴ֡СҲǸŷѧ
ͷϴĲԸ⣬ҲסֻΪѵشӦϾԷǹĵױҪӡ
ոջ޴룬˴ȥоʣȻһ롭СɵðڵǶıϺò׽ӽоʣǰرΧ㣬ǱϰŲܽȥ
ͷ֪ţΪԲδɣֻǽ
Ÿʲô˵ŰͷתԷǻ˻֡
Ҫ¶ˣ
Сﰵһɫذףʱƴһ׼˭֪ſھ˾䡰Ի£ͬۡ
ţͷȷ˵ţ̸ǷС
̫˰ɣⶼܲ³
ˣСԷ̶ȫáͶءݣǹ˼Ŵ˿ӪԻ̲סȥסԷĴ-ȡ
ܶС˼ǰĻͷ񣬶ġ
ʵֻҪڹϴﵽһΪ;磬ͨܶ࣬ʹ൱һξ룬Ҫ̸Ҳ¡
ȻСѽգգۡզɶû
ڽӪһ۱Ƽ˱廨ĳԣϻ˯ɫ㲣˺ܶࡣ
ҶʱĲѾҲڣӦȥֶԲˣǵļƻǴ
ιѣԷˡͷغ
Աδ˯һ˫ֻۣǰվǻͷͷߵС
һƫͷٲȻһǵӣ·ڸǡжԶԶ
٣Ƣͦģͷڳһϴļƣʹ㣬˸Ұסˣ㣬˿졭ҾͲιȥ
Сһ۰ķڣֻΨΨŵŵǰ
԰ȭؽҧ΢΢
ں¡
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ϤյĳȻ̧ͷǴδ˱ʺͶӵĶԴڿϤʱίѹԼ˼һʱȫӿͷ
һʧأԼӪѿڶڣ㣡
лҪ˵
԰ԣ㲻ôķ


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һ Ȼôѻֱ˵ˣҲӽòɻ쵽ڵ˾ˣʵġ
Сᡭ
ڣ ʲô˵ľͲȱһ𣿰Ȼһͷײô죡
ǻͷȻضŷ´ʶ
δ䣬 ƺһ ǰ˹ȥ -һѷذס
ɫǰһ⿪ڳϵ ͬʱԵСѽԷ·
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ŵݵǰ·ԲԾЩķŻ
·˸ոɥԼǰ½ϻմһǰʺ죬Ҳ֪ڸǼƽЩʱ ǿԼѹͷʣϻͷ
ڴСһǰһ Եͷм䣬Ҳע⡣
ǰŸճӪʣӭԶԶĵһѽоⲽ
СĴ⣬Ƶڡ
һ ȻصԳ˵취һƥ ʱʲôùܣҵʿỤ뿪
˵ţµһǣһоǰԷһߺһ£ĸӪʵģ
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ӣҪӲģ û׼Լˡæͷ
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ôˣкηԸںЦתߵԷǰ
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˺͡С֪ԷΪʱͻȻʼԼ˻ش
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βͱգܾ֮͵ǰ㣬˻һųԺСһ·ֱײӲײһ·
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Ȼһʹ˺ͶʱһڣβȣЩϵ
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˿ԼڻﰲȻĳԣڵУһҧżȥʹǿתӪΧȥ
ۿһʱ뷢սϵڼۿ޲Ϊ䵲ߺ֮³ŹĴ𣺡ģ곤ƽ֮սԾһĺúȴйΪУҷڵϹۣȻһֱ㵱ĿеӢۣ
δڣԵĲЦСݵţҹһˣүү޻أ
˵겻ȹĳֻὣԷһɫ
ڲֱܲͦϣһƯ񵲱㽫ѽ֮⣬ڷͬʱֳֽԾ𣬺һԷԿüԽɽͿһأ
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༸ԱѽٽԱǰѪһĻ壬һʱ˭ҲóȻǰ
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˻һһʿ¶ҡ顣
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ڹЦķפҲһˣ̽ԾʲôԹԹ˲Ͼ᲻һҳӣע;ĩ·ȴҪôΪᡭ
빫һСͻȻıңҲˣԮӰûУ϶ǲˣ
᲻ɴݣʱǴױġ
䵱ĲȵʱֻҪһͷͶҲŷ׷Ч£ֻ֮ܺܡ
ѡʱû˲Ըúûš
ܻ֮£νСԼԥʿ̧ͷʱֻһΧӪоܱ˲
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ŸʮĵҲȺս༸ٽԱܡ˵öԣԮˣһѲ
뵽⣬ȥĹĳ˳ǣһЦ漴ɿ֣۵һڱѪȾĵϣȻ򵹡
ıȻֿȻվҪ˰ȥ䡣
ϸǰһĶȻѣһ̧֣һöж̼ԷʺҪֱ
лҪ˵
дúˬѵ߾ʺдƵС˵


57 ܵ
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겻ѣ תһͼϮԼĹģԷڵϵ͵شԼĲŵѪС
һս˲ҵճѣ ൿ̾
Ще-Աһ򾡡
ѽҲĽ
һҹĹ ѾӪ˳ƽѡ
ƽˣҪ˵úܣϾвٺؽ ֵһԳԵĴ
嵱ȻųԻ췴 ɱϾ϶ԷѾ˧һǴ˴ıˮʯ֮ǰıѺھӪȺѯ
ˣ ĿǰΣ ֲİѶԴѽһԴ
Ҫ˵ϼһǸ˾һҲ٣ԽڶԼʵڳ鲻Ϊɣ ѶӷһӦҪȫƸ˷ڡ
һԣڴսϣϽһȨ;Ȩġ
Ϊ佫ȴϲɱ˶Щ볯֮͢ձű߽ôܱһһֱҲôġ
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ⲻĴԴĻŵϣʮһҵĻʹ֤֤ˡˣ֤ˡ
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뵽Եǰָ˼ġ
οԲѣѵҵ֤֤˴֮ûκθϵ
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ѾЩССϺֻѰˡ
ع߾صأ̫صڵء
ǲ˽޶ԹӭعԼҵڲñǨعưãλһֻ̫һҽΪˣԹ಻Զ˫׾Ȫ֮
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ֱҵ壬ֽĺԼһͬΪϰ£֮ǰضϻؾӪ
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ףⲻ̫ҵġ
δ䣬̧̧°ͣͷȰ
˺סںŻع˼ۣǡ
˵ţָָ棬ƴѹɤӣڷأ
ڲһôŷ֡顣
˺Ͷʱˣ֪֪ôҪԴģǿ̫ҵأ
òԴҩ˰ɣԼһֱսһĤأ
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Ҫ𣿡
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Сȥ治ԶϵȺ
ɣҵɶ¡˺Цúʵ¶һ
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ôȻ¶Էţǳڱ⺢ӵ˼Ͼһף˭Ҳ޷֤ῴʲô
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ڣȻңܾ˭սȥڷأ˭ǽ̽ǱķǱڣְȴֻһ΢нˮϣʱǹˡ


58 
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ľֱһһŮߺǣԺˡ
ǾʬĿ⻹߳ߣԱߵŮʬԵýС
뵽̫޳ȵˣ  һ԰ӵķ򸾻̫ĳһŮ
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Ϸ򸾵ķڣ׵ Ȼڷǰ˰ݣô˵յľٶҲǶ֮š
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С½ȫȨ飬ǶŲɡȻĵζС˵أأ
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֪ϢʱӪˣ ͳ
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ϽʾʿǲҪͨ ƿӶ˵˽ȥ
ͻȻԼľŵֵֻĽŷ
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ôӵ۾̲סָԼӣ˵Сܲӷһ㣿˭֪˴Ұ˳ɸ޹أܰﳤϴɣҶõĽϾƼģô˫۾㸸أδȻټѾһζ𣿷ٺС£һְְô죿ˣڳȻΤ˵㣡
һϯ˵꣬Ҳ֪ûУʱͻȻһߺȣ

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ϽֻѹǣװݣϽȥӭӡ
һƸߵʱɽХһһҹ
ΤĿ°ڣȥԷ糾ͣҹ̸Ϲġ
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һСֻҲŵϥ¹򣬽Ǿʿ䡣
ԣң̰󳼡˽ɽ𢣬֮ؽԡѪ飬ʩԼ̡źΤǰסڣ̴
Τگ飬ڱ̲ס̧ͷ
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һ仰ĸ֣㽫ٽƿԡ
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ԳԼѾ²ǵĴþΤóһگ顣
̫Ѩ΢΢֪ԼȻ١
ּ̫ܲϽɺ壬ѫ׿±عסƵУʤǰ˷ʶ˲壬Ȼս꣬Ϳ๦ߣСʹ롣˾ɷٺһꡣ
֮ǰǷگȣּ̫ܲĴνǲºˣΤּ뿪ʱɵɵعڵϣһŲŷӦ
ףΤҪ
ԶӵʣЦҡҡͷ
׻˵¶ǾΤΪµһתԽԽˡ
ףûأЩҪͳͳɱǸﲻȣ˵ɵЩҸԵƽƽϾ丸Ӱ죬ҲһɱѪ֮ˡ
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ףҡ
ˣ˵ҼˣȥŰɡ
׵˼һκתܣཱུζǻɵġ
˼ˣȭֻҧתȥ

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59 նݳ
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ѾԱնɱϽȫʤ δձӵԴսگΪ ޴Ľ¾ ʮĸĺҲ⣡
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˵ţһ䣬ǰһ˿סԵļͷ޷һյ
ſңҪ֣ʶƴȻջֽűǯס
ΤӶԷĺУתӪſȥԵΤɱңگŪȨһ᲻úڻȪ·ϵ㣡

˸飬͵ش˯оѡ
ͷʹѣԼ̫Ѩʶػڡ
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60 ò
ڿӱޣ ҹͣҹĻ֮ʱϡܿĳš
ܴ˷ϵüһ·ﶼ£ Ҳöࡣ
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ȫµļ˲Լߵͬʱץס֮˵ һʹ֮߸ץٶ𣬼̶ؽڵء
Ȼɫ˵ʱŵüæջ ſסԷԭش˸ת ס
תˣͷˣɵôô󣡡ݸϸСǱ𣬺ֱתȦת۷ڷڼͷ˺һŻ
ˣ Ҳղڡոһδܼʱ֣ 㲻ҲӲˤϼһؿڵ
֪ǵķˣܼ
ݸƤЦ û뵽δ䣬ڱن¡ҹѹرգλ
Ѿͷһ龫ֵģȻɰýȻʼûǶԷ̫ӵˡ
ʹڱ˴ˣҲı䲻ͬӪʵ
Ѿͷڰڴţƫƫʱ͵͵ȥڹŸǻʵɣ
ιǳͭӻӣ˵ǹģΪһ𣡡ݸԶԷڵ̬ȺܲˬҵҪʣ㲻ȥôδسһôȻˣĪӱ
ʲôӱһƣûҿرͨģ˷ȻҪϡ
˭֪ݸϷƵóһһģһͨƣΪһӣ
Ҳ̫ӵŮһһͬӣ˶Է
ˣȻ˼ңԵﵽװɡ
ǣ׷ʣôˣʲô
Ϊʲô
СѾͷǸԼܵ׵ļƣڲЦãҲ˵Ҫ
ҲҪ°
ʲôҪ£
㰡
ݸͻһסþûز¹ϸȥֶȻ΢΢졣
㣬ιڣ㡭ЩѵһҪ𣿡ݸһָͷڷؿڴͻȻһ£ȻѸԶԶģ͵Цֹ
ɵôˣô˲ã
ٺͿҲڰݸЩ黰棬˳СѾͷ׽Ūأ
ӻöĲʯͷϻͷһССȱڣС˹ĵ
ллԸԼΪĻսҵ
ôԷ飬ǵ񹤿ϻݸ֪˵ʲô
δô۵СԷƵӣһֱϡ
òĻĿȴһƬǣһޱԼĵˣݸɵȴˡ
Ҳһ˲Ȼܹᵽάȣȴòʱ顣
Ȼ㰲ȻػҲͷˡʹ˱
ʱ̫ĻٵζԲԣֻܶݸ˵һתǻȥҲ롣
ȵȣм㡭̲סס
ݸͣɻػ̱ʲô£
ʵҲ֪ΪͻȻ뵽ݸҲ֮ǣֹ̫غʵ޴롣Ѿͷһϻжһ棬һԷ뷨Ǹѡ
һίȥһЩ飬ڵзһʮֲܣҲ֪ô졣СԱ˴˶̹ԼĲ˵ˣǸж˼һ˼ôʡ
ȻҲܽй¶һԼκˡ֪ò˵
ΪⷸݸԴ˼Ƭ̣˵ңһһһʮ˵ΪģֻλѼУ֪Ȩ֪֮ʲôӦԼ¡ȥΪãʱûв͸ǽгһӱĵطָ֪࣬Դ
˼ΣΪݸ˵ȷҲЩһ뵽ӣô»ȷһţʦسԵȫϴ֮ᡣ
ڹŴһ۷ĸݸһһɵʱ˸С浽֪ѣж˼òɣУҵøϿȥʵ£
лҪ˵
лСʹĭ䡱ӪҺ


61 
о֮ һֱĪʳѰƤͣҲʱʡ
ξ Աһض ǰ ŽֻմѪ־Լģ
ÿÿجоѵʱ һ亹߬ųԵߡ
壬 һ۾źϴ֮һվͭǰΪԼ¡
ǰշֻһ˻ˣս࣬ ȥϢ죬 зҲһӦˡ
û糯ȴ˸磬ʱ˼ٷڽھͰһͬţ ˳̸̸ƽѵĸ顣
ž㲵ݣ ƲȥجΣɵðΪԵǣתһ룬֮ǰľ˵ĵһѽ Աɹȳ
ף οлϽ˶Ӫȳˣ Ӧòʲôӡ
˼ˣֻȷſ˼ȴһڵ
˭֪δ߽߱ǽǵ帧ƽȪ¹һۣҴҵؽڣϣӼż
̧ʾݻţ౨򿪡
ļľҲȷʵʱˡΪʲôǼ
ûУֻеǻȻһֽסҲ౨֮е䣬Ҳһ˺
źԵĹ˲֪ʲôϽ׷׷ض򣬴ҳ
౨Τ飬ֻһʵˣηԾ
ôأܣΪʲôҪԾûɰţ۽Ƿ졣
ָּΤ
ˣڣѾƽңʱܹȥʲôóô
ʵ벻ĿԣһԼҪֲ볯ãżΤɱġ
һ
뵽⣬ǿԼƽһݣڼ

֮ԽΤĵصѡǳڴֵĿֱӳǵδʳȻֽѻҵľøһʰ
Ƿ౨ڷܴʱ޲óֽ̽ΤվҧԼ侲ûԼʧء
µΨпơ
֪Լʱֻ̣ұ̡
ΤҹŻص˽լȻһͼδͨڵؽ˸ۡһű㵱ʣôģ
Τң˵ϵ˳
赭дƽĮ·𲢲Ǻһǲһֻϡ
ԷķӦ׼ŭǰһһ˫ĿΤȼգһһ䣬ҧгݣ˭Ȩ
Τ治ɫôҲȲѡóŻĽض뿴ġ
ŭЦԱԩģʲô
ıŭΤ̩ȻѾ֪࣬˽һУȥ
Τ켺δȶԷ˵ָ꣬ǰˣŭɶٸΪɱ˳ԣʵıܸôҪˣٹһ˱㽫֮վΪƽ֮ʱʱ㡪ΤҲΪԳ
ΤһЦϳ᲻ΪҲᣬ֪࣬ȻΪƽǲܣǲҡ
ˣ˵档
䣬תߡ
ߵſʱٴΤϵΪϳɱ˳ôһɢӵܣǵһˣⲨƹĳ֮УûɱˣϳԼ
δһԣֻǻͷΤһۡ
һˣ䵽˼£׵ıߣֱڤڰ
ΤĪ˸սɵһ
̫˽ˣ˵ղŵĳһʱŭô˿̵ζԼԷĳ׾ѡ
ԶȥıӰΤسϡԼҪⷢ飬վǷˡ


62 ·
Դҹݸ ڱһֱԥžҪҪԹǷݵԼԼ̫˫׵¸
Ȼݸ˵úҲͬȻ¹ԷƢԷˣ óȻܵģ ѡһʵʱ ءѭ򽥽ؽЩ͸¶
Ϣ ҲĹԹԻؼҴ˼죬һ½˼ 㡣
壬ھʱعȥˣҲԿܲҸὫίظ֪Էû뵽ǰŸ̤Ȫ㿴Ѿˡ
ʱֻˣ ڱ㽫ƽѾս˫ԼѾľһӦ˻㱨
꣬˵ͷݺʵ ౨дȫһ£ͷĿǰԹ˻ġ
һ£֪Էγԣ彫˵ر ս׿ ȴǾӹ԰֮ҲΤֶרеسǸֵˡ
Ѱ˼Ǻ⣬ȴԷ渶ԣ˷Ȼһ ȴƽѹֻҹϮӪ նɱף֮ǰ˵н֮ɣ Է顣ĹѫĿã˶ν㡣
æ񣺡ΪϷ·֮£Դ̰ͣ
յСһ裬ЦǸ̰ͼ֮ˣڹ߻꣬δΪԼʲôʹ͡˲˽Ϊˣѵ˻˽𣿡
ڲ֪˵ʲôոյĻΪ˾ߣԵ۹ͣͷй˾͸͡ƴǣ˿Ҫˡ
ֻðлȴϽŶԷһתҪЩ
һĲһʶ뵽Ƿݵ֪Ƿ֪£ֻߡֻһʡ
ôࡣǰһӦĿǰϽȫȨҲʲôӡڶ˶ش
ǷݵڹĵľҵģܽӴѾ߲㶼ˣڵ̫˫һ嶼֪飬ڷعֻԼС˺Ͳ룬ҿʱ˺ͲڳҲֻԼһˡԼ˵ϲ֪
ɹؼǣʱ˿ǽЩ֪ϵʱ
вӣϧвƣһзԸһЦءһһڰˡ
ǡ׺䶥
Ժа׹һȻ̧ͷ۾ϴֱֱǰʲô
ˣޱظղŵĻ뿪Ӫصĵ죬ΤһƴǳԣҲΤ
ɫ˲ɷףڵء
ţ·һ˲뵽ʲô˫ϥ򵹣ǰأӪͲ
ЦθɣϽΪοһ
ôҡ
ΪβңڻкºΤ˼ɵģӸµؿǰɫǱ꣬ĿǴδйĮȻѾΤʡڣµ㻹Ҫ˵ʱ
˵ԼѼΤ֪¶עȥˣ²ϣֻ󡭡
û˵꣬شϣô£
ֻôóǾȥ
ĬĬ굵ʼһԲ
һֱֱȥóԹɫ˵ˡ
ԷķӦĥ͸ֻܹڵϽϷ򸾷ڣʵ֪ĩˣٴηضݵڷؿһΪ֪ӣƾϴ޿ɱ粵ֻϣҪ˼ǹȣҪȥ̫󡭡̫ϾĸףһԶı䡣
ڣǳһ˿ȣһ㻹Ϊѣѵ˲ȥȥ룬ʵͲ𣿣˲ڶ֮
ڼæڣΪ飬ۼҲһΪʵϷȻЩΣӵĸĸδŮ
𣿡
¡
ڴ϶Ѵ࣬ʹԷڵĿȰҲ޶ԣ˵ߡ
Թڵϣ鼱֮¾ܲ˵ȥסԷ-ȣϣһжµĴ²ȥԹ٣ѵЩĽѾΪֻһǧҪȥ̫󣬲Ҫøǣˣ
һŽ߿ֱ˵ţŵǹķ򼲲ȥ
лҪ˵
лˮࡱĵףлĭ䡱ӪҺ
ؤС糡
淮ڸеֵ
úõô˵ˣ
˵㣬ΪʲôҪ˲㣬ôధ㣬Ȼ
ǡҡ
ߵģ
ңǡ
˵ˣ˶Ǵӣ
ڣ߰ȰɾΪʲôҪȣһӶϴˡ


63 ĸӶ
ڹҪ£ Ͻӵһ׷˳ȥ
ߵúܿ죬Ĵ磬 ˿˺淮ļٵĺ ಻Ҹ̫ ܽйȥ
Ϊ˽Ƣԣ Էʢŭ֮²Ƕһͨƿڴ׻ҶǱֵʮƽĮȻ ˽˸ʶԷʧصıԵ
ˣԽɫƽʱԽΣգǰȥ޷֤Է᲻ֱӰν
һѪ⣬Ǳִˡ
ǹڣ ˪ι緹һһǣǵСȥ˻԰
ԼйΪͷЬ ߣ㿴ǵسڣһ㽫ǷݵǰĸǲǸøһͣ
Լ֪һö˶˵Ķô״ һƳϵݣ ʱشס˰ʵǴġ
ЦδشԼ⣺ֻĸһ滰˵Ƿʵ
ֱǻƣһľ˵ʲôΪƫƫţ ھȻֲ֪Ķ£ ôģ̫¶ɫȻǽ߬ӵʾĵĽŲ
ĸ˼Ƕصľ Ǿ͵ȶĻ꣬ĸٿǾҪҪ˶ɣδԼڣԹԵؼ˵ݵԴԹڷƽѵʱĵľ﷢ֵģ˳ĺͲıǼңֻгˡԶԴ˲мһˣɷڵ֪ģƫƫʲôϲٸףΪ˲࣬ð֮ȥٿ˶游ĸҲνĸ˫׵ķĹĸ󲻷һ£ʲô
ԼһԲɫȴˣ߬˿ָؽڷס
ĸ׵ı仯ڷֹľϷвߣˣ游ĸĸŮӣ
⣬̫󲻽ѿڶⷮں󵨣ҸĸķĹˣ
ԼķӦƲסŭֱ̧㽫ϵĶ߻Ĳȫɨ˵ϣµĸ󻹸˵ԼĽ𣿣
⻰ʲô˼ڻĸ𣡡Լһ
ǣ˼ĸʵǶôģô̫λӵģΤôƿسõģЩ˭ŶˣôܳơأӦóŶԡ
㣬ԼڲָԼĶӰ˵
ֻڳʵˣĸαضŭ
㣬˵ʲô軰ʲôʲôߣͳͳ֪ҳȥҲٿ㣡
˵뿴ԼǲֱԷʡ
ȷΪӳΤ¼ٽԺ֮Ůݼ޸ӳǲʵ¶ҲΤ֮أҲΪ˱ǷͳӶܵǣ
Σܳϰ֡
̫ķŭ֪ĸ֮ʺûбҪˡ
תʱĬĬһ۵ڵߺһֻССġδɵĻͷЬ̶ȥ
һҪĸ󣡡ԼͻȻվ𣬶ŶӵıӰһһĸ˭ĸһֱĵġ
仰νԷθҼþƽÿֳʱѣֻܵΪֹ
Լ̫˽Լˣһ֪еһУһǿҵĻɣǿԷȷ֮ӣ޼¡
ĽŲ˶٣Լĸ˶ǼٵģĶģ
ԼԶԣߵſڣȻλ˻Σһᵹ˵ϡ
ԼʧɫһʱȥסʱŷֶӵĴߡ·Լ϶ǰ߰Ѫæ󺰣ˣҽة
лҪ˵
Ѫˣۡ


64 ʿ˫
ģ ڵǹѪ֮³˹оܡ
ҽةȻǲģԼҽңһֱķҲڰæ һ̵ͬĻм̹ˡ
˽һͨæ ȵ˷Ӱҩ Ҳȶ˺ܶ࣬ ʱѾɫ谵ҹĻ١
ԼԸιҩ ȻòմЩˮϸؽԷֲɾҴҴǡ
ʱˣ̫عЪϢɡҲ۲ˣ ֻܡվ齱ߣȰ˵
Լ˿ҹɫ ͷ˳Ҳ˷ڼ䣬󲻹ԼڵʱؽչȫʲôʱѹһҪһʱ֪ͨ ȱʲôҪʲôܵǹá
̫飬 ۶Է˵ʲôĵӦš
ٳţԼȻĵػһ齵ķ̾˿૵ʱҪϣ ڵڰɡ ҪȪϾͷϡ
˵ǡ ˪ŵƾ⣬ԱͣŲѺʱ
̫ڣ֧ǰء
Τ˵ûӦˣ
ˡȻҲϲǺӣɴδҶ
Ҳ֪һС
ˣҲԭ˰ɡ
Ŀ̫ĲŵǹнԶֱʧڣ̶תϸǪ̈̄ס
̫˵öԣʱҪչ˺οġ
ҵķӿεϵĲʹʹָλ⣿

ڵ·šӡʵһɵ鼮ƽ￴òֻ࣬ǽܲԭĽǣҹҲʧߣ˽ղѰ˱ҵһԡ
ûһ룬ǰҡҷͣεķңǿڻݸоһأ˭֪һȴûӦ
ݸԼڣƫҲûС
֡ôˣѾͷôûذ
ݸǰţȻţһֱӰû
Ѿͷòϴҹ͵͵ȥ˰ɣ
ɲС£Ѱ˼θԷʱݸˣϴĲˣﻹֹ֪߶ʲô
ȥ˽ᷮˣüͷ΢֣ص˾䡣
ݸû뵽һܿЩݵļͻȻ˪ʽĿǶһʱе㲻Ӧʲô˽ᡭºγ԰
ȥˣǰ֪ңҴ˿ʼɻὫңⲻ˽ʲô
һķʰݸŪ޻˵СѾͷл⣬֪ԷҲԭϷͿ㻺Щƽ̨ɳһλڵŮϸڲΪ˰ȫƽ̨ɳͬʱҲָһʱؽбλŮϸ밵ϵ൱Ĭ˲һͬ޵Ҳͬ˲صʱ̡ǻѼ飬;̫Ѻͼįڱ˴ĹУϸ밵֮佥˸顣ǣǵʶΣգӳ㽴Ӵƽù⾰
⣬ͣһ£ؿԵݸ£ôˣ
ݸͷ֨Ϊƽ̨ʿһӣ򽫴Լ̣ýֺͷҲ֪ǲк³ġ
δжͱץˣʵʱ򣬻ƽ̨Ѳ޵ң˵汻һһСŮϸҲˣֲö֪ǻƽ̨ʿͲΪ³ǵй֮ˣӦס
ʵڶݸʵĹʱԼе󱳷
һ˻ûдɵĺδһܳеġģǾԼȥȫݸܵرȫÿһˡ
ݸĬƬ̣˶£ҴˡҲýӶ˽ȥڣΪҵġʵҽԼǣǴҪֻʯͷϻ
΢΢һ㶣ڳǰϣݸڵ´ĥһöʯͷʱһľһͨΪ۾ˡ
յĳƷҪݸ˵ǰ׻һ㶼
ʼգҶ֪ԼʲôҪʲôҲᵢڸ飬ᰮһðˡݸղŵĻֻϻϣսƽƽұ㽫ûأʹ˶ϡҲκϣҲԸڸϿǷĽңõġ
һΣֵĬˡ
κ˶˽ݸȻȥ֣ʵǸ塢ڴǴϾԲˡ
ֻ̤һΣķĳ·һʮСԣվ̫пˡ
˼ˣǰסԷ˫֣ͷ;ϣҲֻܳΪ˴˵οˡ
ݸɻǵҽĵһ
ݸ˵ͷǵá½̻һʿΪ֪
ݸ֪ߡһĳˣҲһһҡһ塢һСһϸǵʵһǻƽ̨ʿϣҲֻʿǳΪĹʿ
ʿ
ԣ
ʿһˣ顣
ʿڱģ֪ζΪ˭η
ݸգգ۾ЩԺҲǺܶʲôʿʿֻ֪¶ãֻڵ£
ˣЩԺ׵ġˣûʯͷϻ
δ䣬ݸüëһԲɣСȭȭҧгݣǸھȻҵĸӣԼصʱӰҲû´б±ײҪ
ΪعˡһӰڴǰһ̾վ˼ǰͻȻѪε˻ûѡḶ߲̌


65 
һ ʱɫ䣺Ѫˣô£
ݸҲͻıʸˣ㶵شԭأĿࡣ
²֪ ֻ˵ǹ֮£ ҽ˼گԼȶһЩ ڱһ· ҹɫò̧Լ޹
˵ԼΣղѣ ̲סѿڶô£Ҿһ֪
꣬ԼĻж
һ֮ʳӷ涼ܲ⴫ģ˵ˡôһ֪Ȼң
ʱݸڻع ָžʵͻôƫƫ͸ײˣΪµİ£ Ȼܵĵطƽ̨һ̿͵̬ȣ
νıһʮʱĿתضţбСѾͷһۣĿ˱𴦣ǲķʽοĿǰļ ʲôʸָֻš
ƽ̨˾֪Ļ٣ ˵Ĺ͵Ĺһ˭ҲǾ
ݸȻըˣΪļܸҲǱһȣֻҸôһѣ
ˡɶļһ;Ȼô ˣ
ûǸȥ֮ ˵һյƱߣݸϽ£ ôȥĶ
ȥһ˸Ȫ
ݸ˿ɫǰһȥȴýס£Ϲʲô
˭ˣȥ£
ƾǵ֣ԱͲˡ
ǲǴĸҹȥǰûɣΪң
㲻Ҫ¡
㡭ݸȭͷ߬߬һǿǲ·硣
ЦԼôǵµˣƾʲôһѹһͷ
ڿԷĽʱǹԹѡò

ɻʱ߽;ǰʩ룬˵޴ˣҪѹ»Ҫȸһհա
ڽҹֵߪΪн죬⳼ǲ޹еġȻС£֮κοɳ֮
¹⾲кȵڼͷĻϣ΢ᴵҶһʪ⡭
׼ظȪ￴ǰԶһĨ⣬߽˲ŷԭǼ죺̫ӵҹˣΪ£ѾЪϢˡ
ŵһ۵͸⣬ԿżɽԴΪУĲ鵽ôˣ
һһӵĿⶢǰ֮ˣ̫ӵε֪ģ
ô֪ģֻҪҰΣĺż
ڿУαҲжһЩҽةѾ˵ǼѪ͡ҩҲˣ˻ûѡ
ڱûٽȥϾϸڲ͸¶̫࣬ʹԷˡ
û뵽˵ҲδʣתȡһСҩƿڣ˵ˡ衯ҵҩԪ̱Чѡƿﹲоҩÿιһ±Ȭ
ڽӹҩƿƿ֮ʱɭɭ⻹һ㣬·һСɢı
Ʈɣּһ䣺ɣҽةв顣
˵˼ķڶʱЩȻȴ־÷ԽԽڣ֪ӦʱȴֻԷŵתȥıӰ
ڨڨҩص˵У·ԥˡ
˵С֮ĶȾ֮ȷʵԣ֮Ĳޣ˼ȥһСˣϾ¹Լء
ʱҩ˸ȪڣÿһʱΪʩһ룬ҩ
Ҵƿﵹһҩڱᣬ󾪣ݣ¹ٶʷˣҩӺζ
Ϊҩ⣬Ĳţֱֲ˵ʵ飬ֻðٵҩǺܾǰһ͸ҵģһǿ彡Ӳҩһֱ浽ڡôҩв֮
ʻƽѷ
˼̫ӵ󵨣Ϊ˵Ͳ˲ôȴҡҡͷ۾˸һ˿ϲ˷ܣ޲סԪٶľ֮ҩǿ壬꣬й̱פ֮Ч
ҽٵ˼ǣҩû⣿ŶԷ½һѣ˰ſץסص㡣
Ȼû⣬ٵƷţڼ֮أʮ俰һλԼΪϡѵãΪɲݡ¹ٵʦ˱ȵˣһҽ߰˷ȴҲֻڹҽĲомؼأ¹ԼʱżȻڶ˵أǴʦɵıݣҲֻһѡƿҩҪζ԰ϵ˲Ρ֥¹׵ҩˣλѽ֮ɼǳޱ
ҵķӦʵǳڵϣԭΪĶû⣬ҲЩѰĹҩƶɵ̲Ʒȴû뵽Ȼϡıݣ𼧵֮ǰ粻Ŀ̫ҽ飬ɼԷΪŮ֮Ȼ䡢̹಻¡ǣԼЩС뷨ʵ˺ա
һǶ߶߶ѹԹҩݣɷϷã
Ǿٺòˣ¹Ҫ˵ϴ˴Ⱦ˵˼£ڵ飬䲻ȱҩÿ״ԲͬҰҩ˵鲻ܲĵӷʳ֮û֮ҩЧҩƥ侫׼²ѣ
üͷչҾȥ׼
뵽֮ǰԼԼĸֻɣ˿̣޵ˡ


66 
ǵڻ˯У Ҵƿﵹһҩȡˮɫˮɻ һҩ
ڶҩ£ ֶˮԷ
ʱ ԽԽ żżףʪҵͭ塣
ĺ ˮ࣬Ҳůʼȡ
һȥιҩˮģЩ飬ڵĶ߳Щͷһ΢΢һ ֪ʱѾ۾
Ͽˣϲѣŵһʯͷ˵ء
˯˶ãƫƫͷ һƬ꽻ӡ
һ졣ڸоΣҽ߲ãȥڱ˵߷˿øЩ ȥˮ
˰뱭ˮ ҡҡͷأѾöˡ
ҽ˵Ǽͻȥڣʵ򲢲أ ֻɡ Ҳ˴롣ֶ˼񣬱ἰԷ˷Ĳ顣
οȷʵ˵ˣ ĲԴĽᣬĲҩҽϣԷܹſľ⿪Ľᡣ
Ҳ֪Ƿ򵽷ڻĺ⣬ֻĿתŴ꣺˯ôãĸ
ʵȴֻ̫Υĵػش̫ʮǣ壬ҽһʱأ
ô˳ǣˣұ̫ࡣ
ķӦЩ֪룬ԸԷѹ֮һͨƢҼܺùᡣ
Ϊתƻ⣬ڹһԼԴˣڰʱǰ̫ӵ̽ϣҩԡ
Ŷ𣿡
ǵûУϵʱ˯ţ¾ס˵̫ӵ²ûн˼ҩȥˡҽ˵ҩʮϡѵãǷ֮󲻾òѵġ
ֻҪһᵽ̫ӵûҲ˾񣬾ٴֻҪ̫ӵڳҲ侲
ȻʱҲֻ΢̧ۣ˵˾䣺㲻ǶԵģΣָõĵ˯ˡ˵գ㽫첲ϥǣ볤õĳĬ
ڰżóȰͰοˣʱ˿Ͳ̫ӵڲֻ࣬Ǻ˵˵Ҳã֪Ǹܵġ
֪ʱֿڵڣôꣿ
۴⣬꽻ӣż׵硭
ȷʵСˣҹȻЩǲǾ̫ȥѴӹɡȥغôʱֻĿնƺʲô
ߵǰ˵Һĸһ죬꣬ҵܺãҹ伯У˺öСҿһˣϵǮˣһȥȡڼſڿΤҵͷ˵Ҫȥһˣ͸ˡҵȰȰûеȵֻһȺԹˡǰլӷҺ¼ˡٺǱ˳ϣҡĸ󡢻㣬ͷֶĸңҲ֪Һĸ󲻹ѿǵն˶֪ҡ
Щ꣬ĸܾ˱˵ۣǶЦǸûҪҰӣҴֱĳ֪ϻİԸĴҺãͨˣҲûʲôһĸ󣬿ˡ
ϣ̫ĵģæڣ֪˵˵űԼƽȥ
ģɡɸĺȣĸʲôĸֻΤһˡǰһֱΪĸҲŲϲҡڲŷ֣ҲһıĸƷ׶֪˭ĿˡЩԹ˵ûûдĸϲҲûдǹ˰˾ͲӦϡ
˵Щʱûзŭûѹûκα顭һľżֻ۾ڶ
̲סĻһð·ϵķգֻǲԸ׷ЧҵĥȥϣҪ˵ˡЩ͹ȥˣǴصΪ֮ڲõĽй޲׳Ƴ٣ȴǵϷǾ䡮콫˹Ҳ־ǣʱƯ˼ἲֺ࣬γϵɴߣȾһĥϽػݡĺ˻ģĥȻһЩһЩֻϣҪٳڹȥһ֮ԸΨܹԸóδ룡
֮⡭֮ڣģҲԴȥġЦЦŻ˫ۣ·ˡ
Ҳһǵɽ𺣣һ֪᲻Ԩ
䣬裬ԽԽķвҡšԾţǺľһϨ
ڰУȻһ˫ü˼ָӢ֮Щ粻
ƽ߬Ĵǹһ仡ȣȨɽҫƱҪһϤأ


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껹¸ͣ
 λ֮ǰ֪˼ʲôֻʲôҲû롣
ǰЩλ߷ӵׯ ܹʮࡪ֮˻ټһʱڷӢ䡢ӹӹµµɥȨưһ
ǰλ ֪Լ֮ ֵο
ڵĲн 
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յһӤ ѾķԸĸǨԷشƫƧһע⣬ǹҲԶϡ
꣬΢΢ͷˡ
Ϻγԣ ְڡһȻźĹѪԱȫ Ȫ֮ҲܰϢˡںȻһ£ˣ¸ϴ ˵һû˸ף ɰƣԼ΢޷ȡϣܸ⺢Ӵ͸
һ˼⣬ ڵҶ ĺһ缺ǸӤӤɡ
˵꣬ Ŀһת¿Щλڣ㿴﹩Ķλǰÿ궼ҪǰһΣջǷ̣ȥǲһ˶֪ҲúܿЦԲԣ
üһæȰϣλ֮ǰвţ
ƺΪȻת˾䣺ʲôӣ
ˡ
˫ָڱת˸ڣ㣬ӫĵҲˡ
΢漴⣬̵ϥ¹üĿʹˡ
Ъ
ڳѹҶԤʾһӺڰҵ
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ȻվһλǰֻӰһԲ
ҹ罫ȴ˰ĵŴ֨ѽһ죬һĨɫӰſڣݷҹɫƮĹȡ
èһĲӰƽλǰ
Է߿֮ʱӰϥأūԸߣμϡ
תϷǰ֮ˣǶֻܿԷŴɫ۵ĺ󱳺͵ʹͷ
̧ͷӸµ
Ը̧°ͣȴ㲻¶ھƽС
㻯ӫǱڋߵʱҲˣضΤ൱˽⡣㣬չ̨􋪚㽫Ϣй¶ģ𣿡ȥ赭д˭Ҳ޷ƶ赭дһ便ֻͨʣǰɱʡ
ūŶһ䣬ϵǷʮİսңûУū˳ˮۣԴ˻ËΡԸ߲δϣҿţҲ˿ûбӡ
ؿڣ㽫˵ļƻй¶ˣҰڳһ͵
ԸִһЦɫͫӳüĿҪūŵūŵԴͰˣڴūŶѴأ
δлӦԸ߼˵ū֮ΤĶֻ֣ߵһԸһûʮʮİգٺõļƲҲֻ²ߣ²߲粻ʵС
һ˵Ƿ㣬ùĨǡ
ԸЦЦūһֱ˿Ī֡
㵹ǹ߻ᴧģڲһ£˽ǰΪ£
ӫģ׻֮סϲ򲻵ѣô˰šˡūԣ׼ҪһˡūΪ񲢷϶ֵʱ
Ը߻䣬üһŶ˵˵
Ӻǵ֪ȴǰΪ̰ɱգ޶ӺһԿڿഫһ仰Ӻѳɡ
ԸߵĳɵЦΤҲܹܣ
һ޳ĪһԷᣬǲôùˡΤҶ£Ŀǰʵ¡Ըֻ˵ξϣǾͲҵˡ
ζЦ⣬ã֮˱Ҫʱǰνġ

Դ̤ɫǰȥȪҩһֱ뷽跨Ȼ˴ӷǶ֪ްһн޴֪
ʵĲǰ壬ȻԷϸںԵʱڶԴؿƿԿ϶Ǵ밢ĸԼֱӵĹϵ
ߣҲƽϢˣƽѵĽһзûˡ
ҵĵ顢ѾĴԳԵĴãЩ·ʯ󺣣ᡭ
ڷⲽȴһͷҲûС
ݸ䣬һ̱һ֣µġ衯ôֻʣһƿˣѵĶˣ
ԣ˵ˣҸ˰һƿ
ǰȪʵǸҩȥģҲ̫˰ɣ衯عϵҩÿһСѵãһʮƿ˴ܹҲʹƿݸǿϧΣСֹţǴֱʣһֱһƿ
СѾͷΪ߶ȻʧЦ֪һңҩϡ󣬵˵Ҳ̲֮ֻҪҾ壬ʹҩ಻İɡ
ˣݸССġߡһǰװױǸ
أ̨΢춯ԼӡĽͶ˲Լͬһܱۡˡ
ݸزţͲϵĻɫëǻƽ̨פعķ֧󡱷ġ
ӹżƬɫ䣬ѿڶˣ
ļٵġݸէһ൱סһʱ䷴Ӧʲôʱ£
üǰˣ˵ǱܱηԾݸ𣿡
ݸҡҡͷ϶ŰǸţҲʲôܣҪ췴ûɣ˵ˣɳڸȥƽѣΪȫԼĵܵȻҷѾ˼ӪΪҪɱ˵ıˣݸ׼˭пıΨڲᣡ
뷨һԲı棬ȷʵ⵽˹ĵЮ֣һƽ̨Ѿ֤ʵһʼԤ⡪թͼ󡣡
ԳԸòҲǱǸġҲ̫ɥĲ˰ɣǿֶӰң̵ˣһϯݸסп겻ѡ
ҡҡͷԵӦú͹ûֱӹϵЮ٣ɱˡݻƽ̨ؾе̽ǰһΤ
ΤҲȥݸǲ죬һ绽Ĵ뿪˲»Τɱ˳ԣΪҪô֮䲢ûͻ
ûʹֲԼĵܵܣɶʱڳԶΤвΤɱӺ尢忪õİѱϾټģɽأ𣿡ͣͣŷжĴãȻǵ֪ȻңЩ䲢ûйϵնɱʾͽ͹ˡǽؾҶѾͶˣΪλҪϾɱΤڿڸʲô
ݸյͷڸʲôأ
˫΢ϣڤ롣
ԡһԼ䣬Щ˻ֱıңȾ䣬ǵĹ֮ͬǡ
˫۶Ȼ͵վ𣺡ѵǷ⡮ּϭ
ݸԵؿǹĺǷϭģ
ü΢ɫأδǺ졣ģһб㶼˵ͨˡ
ΤΪһҪҲŹ
ΪڵǹͻȻģѪʣ
Ϊζ԰Ĳڣ
ϭʵЩȫ˵ͨˣ
ݸ˰죬ʶ˵ġָʲôʱʧɫµ˼ǣΤĶӣ
Ʋίʵ̫ˣϽ죬ѹɤǲӦý
ⲻҪĿǰصǰҪΤ͋ˣ˵꣬ŵݸݸ֮յ
ݸֻһб̲סΤĸףô˾߱
Ҷ԰˽⣬ѡΤѣʹɱ֣ΪԱ𣬸Ϊ֤ԼͳݡǾΤ׵ġĿ⸴ӵȼɻҽðһƲд̡
Ϊ֤ʲôͳԼ֣˼ֱݸʵҲʵĴ˾䡰ӡ
ΤִƳ̸꣬ڣ԰Ŀǰʵ޷֮࿹⣬ǿж֣ѻʯԽ˵Խþġ
οҲҲգһҲں
ֻҪԷǰΨһİ㹻
ѻʯѻʯɣعҧǵ¡
ݸδ䣬ͻȻ󱻼סݸɲ԰ң
СѾͷĻﳹŪˣǧ¾ֱ˵ֻҪݸģǣ
ֱؿҾֱ˵ˡ붯á󡯵ȥﰢ
ݸգգ۾ΪԼˣֱֽոյĻظһŷӦСʱŵɷף򲻿ɣӦƽ̨Ĺأ˽ﲻ⣬ҪӽǧԳءģһ·ԼΪ̴ӵһо޷⡭
ǧԳء˼壬һڵúĴӣͷûʲô˳ɰǧ綾ޱȵߡ
ƽ̨̣ͷЩ˹صĳԱ
½⣬ٽҷ֮˿ҳʲôӣȥ١һҰȥܹ˵Щʱɡ
ǣݸȴһþģ±˵ˣ֪ݸκζ¡Ҳᡣ
ҷģҼȻգԴʮİաƣᶨֻҪҡ
лҪ˵
ūšųֵĳƺ֮⡣ϸԸӦԳơ¡ϱ裬߾ǾԳơūšʣֻԸһԳơ


68 Լ
ϡ
ǽͷţ Ψһʯ̾͵С·ϡɼĨɫҴҵӰԴŶҡ
ǰһյƣںһϮɫ磬 ˽ͷǰߡ
ǰУ ˵ĽŲӯȽ 졣
ֱһƫƧڣ Ŀȥͷϡ©綹
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ˡѹӦţǸ˵
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ƽ̨֮һġ󡱱۵ݸһݣ ȡֽݸ
ڳԱ ͬ²μ
һԲǰߵ󡱸ߣĮȻ̧ͷ ˵һ顣
һͷˮ ֪Էʲô˼ֻظոյĻЯڳԱ 
䣬üһȻƣֻһƣ㽫Էһ࣬صײǽˤѪʡ¡
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˵ʱȻ򣬷׷׷ģ飬֪ϴݹ٣ˡ
ʵļıӣƾһģһαװֳҲ̫ӵֳΪԼã
Ȼκ鶼Ҫðһյģ˼Ż뵽ݸһͬڡ󡱣ñһ۱϶Լֳ-죬ˣһ˶Դ²ɣˡ
ӸµؿŹԼɪɪˡ
ݸվ࣬Ҳޱ飬ȴЦôҿ˸½Ӵ࣬Լ϶ϳˡ
ϾһαװһˣվǱ䲻˵ġ
ʱ˵޲սսִ֪ܵáڻȥĸ͸û˹ˡ
ΣӲͷƤڣϴǰԳԸſ͵Է£ѷ丮ۡҲǶΪ뿪˼ǡϳʵᣬǶ
ǰˣԼϷҲòˣȥɫ΢΢̧̧°ͣɡ
Ĩһ¶ϵ亹ĵ⡣
ھƷҸӣ֪ΪλǷ֮أ
䣬Ц£ô̫ѲɻҪ֪㣿
¾޴⣬ȫǵϵİΣûֱųһ亹аԼû࣬Ͼɲɸ
ǶʲôΣյĵطȫĵطԽңڲ̽ͻȡ鱨ԽԶǿԱģݸһٻļƣ˵ݵģ
һͨ˵ѸĪݷϸհԶĪ
֮£ʱ죬ֱ̫Ҳȷʵ˲ʱգҪҹˣ˺һӦԵȫϡ⣬̫Ӷ֮ǰмҪȥɣ󡣡
ϲ˵Ҳ᲻ȥ죡֪кηԸ
ʱΤ닪֣Ƕ֪ˣ̫ҪǼϸȫȫ
ĻٲȻڸ֮⣺⡭²ԸֻعڧҴ޹ţ
ȥĩҴѩ֣ʳƥսزòΪԭָϵ̣֮ܲͨҹȡսǴӦøɴ࣬ȴΤǶ˶ӣϺõôˡʼ֣ļܣȻʵȴΤûκιϵ
Ȼ֮ǰͨǼЭ̵ģϸڡǰô֪ȻǶԷ˵ʲôǱʲôˡ
һֵ꣬˹ȻȺ鼤ߣһߵش
ƥɶ񣡡
ҴΪУزк³
˵ķӦȻ⣬˵ֻҪΤһգȨһգҴ
ɳֱӳ֮ߵ˻ƽ̨һһĸ֣ǶǰȥɱΤز⡭
δȸ˵꣬һ̧֣סΤعسɱֻ̫֮ܽ֡ӲɱˣҪȥΤһľԼڳϷֲŶٰ׮ЩΤ˶ʿ̫ӾὫԼȫֻѺһϡ֮㽫鱨ϢܣȻһǵָӡ
ףæͷ
ʱ̴ӷϲˮ
Ų˱ǣ滹һ޵Ļ㣬һ֪ǳǰ²ƷԻ¶
ʢˮĲյԹԽ˵ĹƳɣųǣ⻪貣ʹڰҲԡ
ӹûͦģ߶
Լζ΢ЦֻæЦǲǸӹţܸᲢۣ
ҲˣҲˣҲˣҪҲȥˡ֪Լڴ˾Ͼƽ̨˸ǳصģһ¶žͳ군ˡ
ʱˣ̫Ӹöȥˡжص͵һΪȡ˵꣬ݸʮϵΪ磬϶ҡ
ݣͬ¹ϣ

һذҲҲѣ彣ˮģȥԺ˵ӽ㽫һ÷뿳ϣǻһδֱʲôƲɵ֮仨衭
ݸһʱ䲻֪òǰ漧꣬ҲδԷӡº浾ûԷƢ
ֱһ׽սʣͥԺһƬǽ塣
ݸǰʱһĺ̾˿˿ٴҲҪ˼ԼӰ
Ҳˣһ۵ԴöȾŽƽȵĲȻǳ׸ҵ깱ʢ߶ģ鲻Խ߬ʣҧ´üͷ
ݸصһͷǣʵ̫ˣʡԼãԼȵǳ²裬ӾȻȵ¹öãǲ񻰣
ˣֻ༸Ҳࡣͻƶֺ±⣬ЩӸλм˿ΪǳͷԱΨΨŵŵӹµܾ뷽跨ѹ֮֬࣬綼ӵ˻ƽ̨Ȼ䣬е˵ȥˡ
飬ȫѪŽϣ֮㣬ֽθ룿
δģԼأ
ԼǺεСƵʷ¹µĽֺ΢
Լָδɸ˴ңɼĿꣿ


69 ת
պ䡣
ݸһͬˡ󡱣 ֻһԼݰ١
ӭӼǸףֻԷȭϥʮȫ¼
ݸѾ֪ң ׸ˣ仰 ĲɵøпԼɰ ƽ˵ʽ·˵û˱˽⣬ Ҳģµý޷죬ɼٵչǼٵģ ⲻĵ
ֻһƣްĿǰµأҪ
˵꣬ڣôأ֮²ǸССᣬ ҲȷʵЩ
˵ţľƲ볢һСڸȲ裬 ΢֪࣬Լƽʱȵһģһĳ²衣
뵽⣬ԭ·׼һͣתȡƿҩ һڣ˻ƽ̨ԻѪҩ࣬ ȥ׸ðɡһƽ̨ɻȱĹǸɣҴ໹ҪλЭҵ
¶߾ЭЧϣ Ϊ˴ะ ǣ
һԱҲ ǣ
ںźͦվһԵݸ촽̲ס̡
һȥݸ̨Ȼȥ׼ЩӸ
һ˳õ˹Τ䵳-鱨ܣƱҪҹжɸѡȸʮﲻʲôæֻܾԼܣľչ˺õµ塣
˼ϣǡݸӸˣƿҡ
ҹϰɫ죬ݸ˾䣺£ôˣǲǸṩ鱨⣿
ԭΪΤعȨ㳯Ұ롭һϣָ΢΢ףݸδء
ΤȨҪȻôô꣡ݸЩЩ鱨ϾдЩʲôΪε¿ַ֮Ӧ
ҡҡͷ̫СΤˣû뵽˲ع绽֮꣬н
һ˵ݸĿ࣬κðһ䣺ɣѵ˵Ҳ
ûҸտʱҲ޷šԴӼʶˡһ˵磬Ҳֲˡ
ܵĵݸԵݸҲĿԼӸ
ġѩԾ֮жΪΤ̫ˣ֪һһۿЩ֤ݣݸ´ҲһعĴ󳼾Ȼƴĳ̶ȡ
ġѩԡкġ졯κġ䡯ġԹġǬסԼġ˾֮ΪãѹعרȨȴһֱ޿֡СһſĽ¸ɫ
йΪ֮붼˲
ҪΪС
Τع͸ôˣһĶѡľжˣô쵽ģݸʾ⡣
оǮʹĥ֮֮ܡΤһˣǴ̼֡󸻺Ȼø͸ֻʵ󲻳Ϊ֮ʹ˶桭
Ӹգǿɬݸÿ֮ǰὫȥٷ
ȻʱȥƷζ
Τ-ΪѾҪˣǰֵǰǰڵٲȻ֡
Ӧڲ¶Լ£
ð֮ʹһļƣܶõĲһ֡
ˣʹǵڣԾɲΤжٵϸԼ֪ûģƽ̨ǷѾԷ͸
ø˶ܲأҾɡڵеط⣬΢չ˾ü
ǵԼӼǶǰعΪʵǰһҹʱס֣͸һҵĺŮ˷ǰȥֻһǾءֻҪعһ̲ˮ췭ظʲôԴӦ㣡ȨݡλҪʲôֻҪõͳͳ㣡
ʵδ˽ԷŵҲҪĶ
񣬰ҪعѳֳΣ֮󣬴еĿҲﵽ˴룬ȻȴԽԽ̲ס֡վܣ·ˡ
繳ҹī
δߣҡ

СºȬ˭֪ϳ㷢ٲȻΪɵһãһĳǱ˵ʲôȨʱ岻ϼ䣬ڸλǼһվţԳ˰衣
ſɵǸֺϲָ㽭ɽɣǿѹ»ڵôٸ˼֮ӦʵϢĹߣ
Τǰ˸񣺡ΪΪ׵̾䷨ʵиս֮ߣǧȻ𣬳ضҡλĴŶڵĳƽ֮սĿȻӮˣҲ˹룬ʣҴؾ𼸴ĴʤԣϢ֮Ϊʱ죬ɼӦ֮Զ֮ߣʳͼ֮ơ
˷عպߵĳᣬԭڴȺ㼺ڳΤһڣϡ顱֮ڶ
ȥĻʲôٹ٣ȫΤĻź͸ӹ
ͷһԲϺ겻˵ǼҲҶԡ
ֻԼԳˡ
˼ˣ˳Ĭ˲ͬٸĽ顣
лҪ˵
ֲӣ˼ԸΪĵĿ˱׼ӡ¡似Ҳ顤̷־뜡Լǿ
κ䣬װƾźĴװϿѵսڼս޲ʤ𡰴սʮȫʤʮģ⡱֮ս5ؾ50֮ڣӡʿ֮泵ٳˣǧƥʮڣʿ֮Ҳժͼ
Ϊ߾׫


70 ս
ͷһԲ Ϻ겻˵ǼҲҶԡ
ֻԼԳˡ
˼ˣ ˳Ĭ˲ͬٸĽ顣
һʱѻȸ ڳĿת ·˼λɨصľʲô۶ӡ
Τ̧̧°ͣϳϴ
ŲæҴТʼ䷨ͼǿ а꣬ٸĵĲҴصĹ ɹ˾ҲعĶ֣οкݣ֮Ӧԡһͳ£кβɣ
һͣ٣ 佫һУϽΪΣ
ʱһֱװƵǲ뿪Ҳÿˡ
ع䷨һֱʵоƣ ءƸ岽볯ãɡ
ˣսعżرǶЩ䷨֮˵ľ¹ԣ ֻҪһ̣ ǱԾԾԣ˷ܲѡ
̹׵˵Ȼ£ѫ֮Զ׼屾ڶԷҲ൱⣬ 䲻䰲ǰɱ ȴҲǸѪ֮ˡΪô꣬˵ʲôϲս񵶱˭أ
ʶ λվ˳˵ԼǡҴرǿ׳ۺ񣬷󼰣Ϊʱɷ£Ϊһͳҵ׼
ΤʣϽ֮⣬һͳʱգ
֮ǰ׼ʱ䣬ӦʮꡣһٴҲˣֻôô˵
ΤЦ˵õɣ֪عշһͻ˶ʱ䣿ССıķ˾ο
δü𻰣̲סˣԣȻ̶ôˣôкãһ綼ɢˣԻؼȥɣÿӵϢ֮ߣ
ΤѹûŵĻ£ԼĹ۵㣺ơԻ壬ԷԻǿŭʦԻգ̰Իع˱սгһر
ʱȴδ뿪ǲٸѧ֪Ƽټ֮Ӧ֪ơսӷַ˰٣ֻʣ²߼ңĹ˵Լȫɾģ
Τ֪˷ۣǼвУ֮زС֮񲻱٣㽫һ£صסô֮һͳ֮ͬͳһ
䣬಻ʾػػ֮һͳ޷̸֮ͳһ
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˼ΤĬãΪǵభھݲý˵̫Ȼ˼֮޿ɺǣ˾ûҪˣ֮ǰټһ¶Ⱥ֮
Τ˵ͻȻһࣺ֮̾սʱ֮ƽʱ֮ϼһζ̾ιγʵԤϣ
˵꣬˸
Τһʵ⣬һڼǵͻȻһˡ
ǣǲ߶ʮһҲźһƬߺ˼
йѰ֮¡
Τٸ֮ƽ¹ȻȴֹһμԼݣǵһλڳԳ֮ǰĳϡ
Էʼʩȴϴǰþˣٸл˵ǹ
Τóһ˫ֳϣǳͳſĻŻѪʮرɣǳЩ괦һЩĵԼԴι׶֮ܽᡣֻһ֣ϹĿϾÿУϣԴ̾ΪعպʮĹ߸
һٹٽĵΤʵ죬ڳϹȻϳҲˣھȻ̾ͼȡ̾ĵλ
һɣǽӹΤʵݵ顣
ϴ
ΤźۼüȥһİɫؿڵٸѪԻϸϸжѧϰ¹شؽĹߣΪЩ˽⡮ϴԭڳϹհ˳дַعԱҲǴԱٸι飬ʩȥٸΪΣ
Τһ£Ȼƽ̩ȻķӦе졣
ԷʹŭҲǹལ죬ȻѡЭԼһȭ޻ϣʵڳϡ
Īǡʲôı㣿
Τһ˼⣬þ㽫ⱾϴַȥعԱһҲ޹ؽҪֻҪԼһգЩҲƲʲôˣȷ뿴һλĹжٺ֡
뵽⣬Τٰݣʾ飺ʥ


71 
Ϧ£ ӳİ졣
ͥԺڣһֶ ԶƻʱʲϱõƲʡ
ʱ Ůǰʰߡÿδ곯ǰʱ 嶼һյ裬 ѳΪһϰߡ
ʱϲĸǧ黨֣ÿβ಻ٳ飬 Ľֻ˰飿ǲʲô£Ƴ۵ĵģ̲ס˾䡣
ϥŮ࣬ѾֻںͿá
ǳӣȻͼʶȴԶһң˹һЩ£ 嵹ʱԸ߿ģ˳ҲһŮ
ϳʱ ϵҪ̲һͳΪعպչĹߣȻ-
ϴ˾ٺǶԸ֪֮кδ㣿ΪŮӣȴԳʱһ ƽġҡ彫ճ̬һ˵ ֮
ͷȷʵҲҵΪ֮һϻۣ˵˵Ŀ
ĵڵŮãʱӦϹˡ룬 һֱΤѳȥ ׵һ佫гͷ֮գѷֱڳΤͥΨиһˣ ۸ǷԸ֮˿ɵжд̵Ӧν䰲һصģظȻ¡׹ͲȰ𣬶ΤȨƴڷٲ𷴻ѱΪڶ䰲ңϿĳ뼫󣬴󵽼Լ-ҵк·عպֻΪߣתءײӦָЩԾҵ佫ǣ
˼Ƭ̣סһ֣̾ڴ˿һζسӡ
ĵ˵ͷŮôΪû·Ҳ·ˣΨǶַһ
Ǿ֣ΤʤҲã
˵ʵ飬һʶҲŸɲѷӣȴ˽Τ
ȨıʶϿ˿Ტۡ
΢΢һЦȻΤףбܻꣿδڣǡǶաϦȻҫĿ糿ȣĸãŮұ֤һ϶Τ֣ǿɹԱἯ֧ϣڲҲֻ߽⡭ԭܼ򵥣ĸ˲ΪԼĽǣ
ôһ˵ΪζóͷˡŮһϯͻȻе˲٣ԼŮԼ˽⣬ɲÿȫûԼĴ㡣
ǣЦʵøȥֶԿΤѵûһ˽ģ
һ£ȴڣ󷽵ת壬ؾص˸񣺡ŮȷԼ˽ģסŮһ֮ԸǼ޸ϡ
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ҡҡͷ뵽飺ŮںôģŮֻܳ࣬㡣
࣬ӢΨ顱һ֣ѼԦ
á״Ӧ㣬߾ȥϣҲػȫԸ˼ˣ޿κȴҲֻŵ
ŮˣȻȨԼ
ʵһ㣬׵ıһÿѡ·Լߣڴ˺ǸǻǺΰκֽ֣㿴Ը컯ˡ

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ʱͬգ¾׼磬ȻΤԼȴٴ죬ǳ˶ŮҾ֮⣬ҲֻСΧ˼Ļš
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֮˹ȻģȴδĺúΤ󸻺˳ʲôϡû
ʵϣΤԼϲң磬˼ҲһƬ⣬οͶˣٷ˺Ҳ̫񻰡
ۿϯͿҪʼһʱ˹ȴ֪Ϊһֱδ֣λĻ̲֮ס˽ôͨŻû
˵ţ˹ˣ滹ż۽һϴС̧˸ۡĴڡ
ֻǶϵ¶ź񣬿Ӧ͵
¹٣ˡ˹ȭҾ
ΤһЦ޷
ͨΪԤ˲˼ԲųٵˡȻǲ֪ͨ͵ʲô챦༸ĻŶ˹͵Ǻ档
ǿ˹ƶҾҲģʲô֮
׼Զλͬŵϡ͵ȷʵƵǵ޼֮˹䣬Ļŷ׷Ѻ£ôһΪ죬ΤļϡضǱס
˹ӻ֣̽һơ
˶һֻǰһ޴ıӡ
ļҾǵˣΤҲһãȻؿǰνġ񡱡
һĻȷӦָ˹Ӵ˹ôĵӣ


72 ٳ
ƽǨ ΢İء
ֻ֮Ψ¹·һӮһ
ǲˣ ɲ־ʹ˳ǵҰ ÿ֮ʱ ˿ҡֶٲ˵ġ
Ȼ ˵з֮ Ҽֵƣûֻӡͬա˭Ըͼ
֪˹Τϵ˱ӣ ôĲ
ȻǼλĻŷ׷վ ͷβ˸飬Ǻξġ˹δΪԼ⡣
ĻǴ˺ȥʱΤֹ̧ǣ
˵գ վ ߵ˹ǰһǱӡ
ԶϣΤڵͱӸ࣬İɡ
˹΢΢ͷӣ ΪӺɥӡܹý¹ٵ飬 ô¹͵ֻǾӣţôɥӡ
Τ֪л ǻһ˵ȣֻʣԼ˹
ˣк뷨ֱԡΤųſǧĻžмʮڣֵ¿ν˲żüãȻȴٳԼĻŻſΪ
˹ԼеҲǶԷĲ˼ıԣڶԷƷУΤʵ൱мġ
˹ǸСˣǸѬġ޵ԭСˡ
һ̫׷ᱻԣΤ˹ȴá
˹ѡΤӣ˾һðգΪʤĵʶϣּ˵ķʽΤԷʶԼʶ˹֮žѹǧſ͡ʮĻţʶ˹ɿõ˲š
뵽ֱԲ䣺ϵŲ¹ٶ˵ԼȻͬˮ𣬶ڼȵȨһգϻȵ˳ˡ˹˵󲻾Ļ˷ܱȫѾǴ컯ˡҪ֪ЩȨ㳯ҰһڳͷʢݲЩϵĳҲͰ͵ſҵճ
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˹ƷȻ벻Τۣһ㻹ֵһᣬǾ̹ʡһ˵滰ˣ̫ܲѾ
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Τ˫ĿǰԼ֪˵仰˾㹻ˣ
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˹˵꣬Τһ֣ɡعѾԲŻᱻȡһȻĽϣʹǸλãҲ᳤á
⽭ɽ˭λ˭ΤԴ˿νʮġһԼ˹Ľ飬³ɣҲ⵽ַλҲȡ
˹ΤĿܾúԥ֪ԷҲıˡ
ǣȡһ˫ŵݵΤǰȻ¹֮ԣ¹޷վԼľ¹ֻԣȴľֻһУ¹ȴ¹ٵĴǳʣԽ¹ٱ㲻ĻţҲ޹ϸ֪ģ˹ֻ߻·
ǽС΢֮ˣԭ׼ۿδܲ飬㼱뱾໮ˡΤҲ֪ǰǱᣬ߶С
˹δԷ֮⣬̾һ䣺˹ûԹļ۵ְȴƵٲά裬Ǳ˽˼
Ҳ修̾¶˼飬ΤһЦڵ԰꣬Ҫ뽫Ŀǰ·߻δһҪȡּ֮˷ʽ
˹΢㶣漴һݣ಻ߴͽ̡
ΤȥĪЦ⣬ؿ˹һһЮӣع

ĺʱڵҹȥ˲дǵ⣬ůת˵궯
ҹףǹⰵ
һ谵СӺǵȻڷܱʼ顣
һʣ˸ԼӣЩǋ̰ɱ֤ݣһһ˻Ʊܣֽ佻Ϊһ᳹ȥȥ·;գҶౣء
ˣô죿Ǹĺ֮ǰҲû˼ɽأ͢ĹɱСĵСĿ˲ǹٻɣôһĶֱΪԼҲΪĸ޶ǰ̲סȰ
ӺǷণʵڲٴȥˡ
ҡҡͷƹɱ⣬ֻԼ뿪ΪӺǰˡΣҶҪƴһΡ
Ȼ֣ҲȰסֻҹǵķ򼲳۶ȥ

ҹ
ڵ鷿ŵƣΤ닪Զϰһһż
յΤָ̧ЩѵͬСɽһߵ΢΢ǰ㣺ЩӺ̰Ϊ֤ݣҲԭˡ
ЦЦȴδЩһۣ»ΪὫЩ֤ռ˾ֱܸӳǰأ
ϣȴͿΤ˵ΪԼͶԷ˰뱭裬Ѻ͵˻Ƿֵġ
Ȼ༰ʱЩżָд鷳³ڽһԹжԲ壡
ȿ˿ڣΤ㽫յһڣã൱꿴еľĽڱô꣬ҲΪ˲£ȻⳤźҶҲ˺ü꣬涼˳ʱ򻻿µˡ֮žΣ
Τ˻һһ㶣ܿ췴Ӧ˹
ʱΤ˵ְҲҪġӺ̫֮СȷǳСطôһչͼأ֪Ϸž
ѵ׼ĳˣ˵ղŋΤҹܻԼĴǣʱ˿ΪѾȫ˽⵽˶Էͼ
Τ¶ÿɷ΢Ц
ʱ˫۱˷ܵĹâüҲ߸𣺡ôԤף¾ǻ
ʱľӴذ
ԣˡ
ΤѣԾسһԾӰƾʧһ㡣
ʱ⴫˹࡭
ɣûйءΤδǼ
˹Ų鷿Ŀ״ӹЩ򣬽һݣȻϵݷ
ǱӥȮѣܸҲֻǸΪصἰΤĲмһˡ
˹һЦ̾൱Ǻı㣡һؽ֮ն֣ƽ֮Χ깬ʹ˽һ֣ھ닪Ѫս֮Ԫˣʱµֱӿƽ깬ЮסϣعȻ˵㣬ǧҲԱ档¹ʵ
עΪӣյĻΰɡΤյ顱һоⲻźۼɨ˹΢΢ʹӡ
˵һӣôÿģǰڽˡ
˹ˣһܳߵѡ
лҪ˵
˻ڰǮأзԤˡ


73 ϴ
䲼 ӦĲ밲ţϴڳŴĴģ ҹв֮ʿǰƷС
ˣ ܷⱾϴĲ© ֻҪӻȥһ֣ ͵һǧ
һһʱ䣬 ǵĳŸɽ˺Ħ࣬¹ͨջǶˣֻҪʶֵĶ̲סǰΧۣνʢǰ
£ һ־ܵһǧ𣿡ݸò״ӵ˶ߵԶԶļԡ
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û뵽䣬 СѾͷקĸ첲 ɷ˵˶
ԵؿݸͣͣͣҪŸʲô
Ͽȥֶع˵ôֻҪָеĲ֮һ־ܵǧôõҪǴɾͿˣݸ۷Ź⣬ ·͵ŽЩͽƵġ
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ݸȻţСˣ¿϶ĵġΪѰݸһذɣôͽݸζҪ
ݸҲԸ㣬ĸĲˡǼȻڽⱾϴչʾ˵ǰ˵ĴǾᡢɸġݸѾͷŪʵû취ƫƫԷֲŪЦá
ĸĲһֶ𣿵Խú롭ô£ܲһëɣݸЩŽɣܾǼѹԸȥġ
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ΤΪ֮ҽԿȻǸȨͬʱǸιţûعҲάôķʢȶⱾϴִļ֮Կ˿īټ֮Գһɣ˼磡ҳſھۼ˶ˣв²ż汸ʿΪιôöǰϭͣʵʵ˵
˼ȷдúãԼҲȷʵȲϡɽɽҲû취¡
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Ǳʱֽ̱һ©ġҲ̫ģϾΤڰοֻһӣĴδػע⵽ҡ
ݸĵǼ᲻֪Ҫһ𣬾Ѿðַյ˼׼ΤвԻƽ̨Σա
н̤һȲ˰ͬԼҲҪԨ
ͶڽϹ˰գɹЩƷݸ¹̵һٷʳ
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Ȼأƽ̨㽫һдãеϰ˵ֻҪԼС£Ҫ¶ʲôȫں֮ǵġ
ǵôһأݸţˣ᲻λ׸ɵĺ£ҪһССĶôǮҾð˳
Щϸ֦ĩڣǡϴһ汾
Щ¼ĸīˮһͨīдһõǻƽ̨ī
ԣʹдĿعԱĳϢճдıȻǿģȻһʱյ䣬ЩصĹԱ鼮õʱīˮǲѾӷʧıǰҪݵݡ
ڴ͵ʲôǲǼĵġ
ʵǣⳡ֮УռȻ
лҪ˵
²Լīˮд֣û𿾲ǵսϹˡȻʱƣ߾ʵ벻İо¹


74 ȡ
ĺˮȥ ʡ
壬޹񣬷ղ볯õ佫ѵû˼š
Ϊеĸ׵һЩκճƷ֮ 㰴ȵԼʱ¹ϡ
Żаʱ ȷʵúܡ
̧Žһ¥ã ϱСǰ´ ֱԷŵǰѾʱС׹ æкһΪƫƧλæ赹ˮ
λ͹٣ͷƷСĲ裬Ҫȵλ͵ʲôԸʹС˱˵Ųؽעյ ΰϲ͸ɫ۽Ʒ
޷ɨеĲյϸ壬 һ֪ϺõƣЩ̵ƤĶģѹԧ졢״ޱȡ
λҲǰһԤģȻƫЩ ǶǡÿԽе۵ף ಻˵ע⡣
˵ʱʱ仹磬Ȼ¹ζƮδȴʳ󿪡
һΪŵʱҲǽܻصѡ Ԥ¥ϵż䡣
Լʳסһ⣬ ʱ˱һ¶ߡڳԳԺȺȾ͸ˣ ӡ
뵽⣬ڲɵð彫֮ˣԷͦġ
Ҫ֪¹ֵεľƼҶλͼ۸񲻷ˣټЩĵġ̲סǮ֪ԼʱǮûд
ʱһܰƮȻ
ڲ̧ͷȴһŮԶߣһϮźɫ橣㷢أֲ֮ʧഺϢ彫֮Ůġ
˲ˣӦóΪŶԣȻһЦڴĶ̬ǧ
СЦˡڵ˵˾䣬ﲻɵϽô£ΪҪ֮ʱԲ¶棬ԼŮͷϴһҲǡ
Ȼǲ֪һףԷŮǰԼһǡ
߷Ǹϣ˷Τ쳣Ψؼ֮˷ʤ㡣һ㿪żɽĹ۵ֱ
ؼ֮ˣ˭ҲĿǰľУСռκơ
̫󡣡
δӿĿеһ㶣漴Ȼ
δһ̫ƹܣֻҪ跨˵̫󽻳һ˴Ϊܣһ㶼ӭжˣ
̫СĸףȻЩǶ֮ĸԽԽαϾĸġѪŨˮ̫ϲڲԼĶӡοԹ壬ڲûп̫СеǣңֻСĳЩִ̫һЩ
Է˼Ľ˵̫£Ϊϣ˭ȥʡ
ĬĬ˵ͷ
˼ȡǹ£ҲǼ¡
ȥˣǷͬСɵĹ£ֶĿԣΪһ֮ǰȥҪ󲻹ĸ֮飬ֶ
ܶʱЩԱڴ»СҲܳһʱ֮СعϽĴ׼
ʱ¹һ̳¹Ͻġһ
¾ƣȻûгĴŨңȴʤڶһ𣬾˵ŮӶҲ΢溬۲ԷԼʵô
Сɵؿ⣬׼ƣ˵˾䡰ȥţڼŽյƵһԣתȡֻһ룬ϡ
¾Ƹþµľƾڡ룡˫žڷǰΪ䲼ˡ
ͷϽŮкԼƴ˵ʹá
ĲЦôʹˣڼұΪ赹ˮ˵ˣ˼Ҹµߵһ´󹦣ΪصĹҲΪΪһŮӣȴ֮л뷮һҵңСŮΪ⡣
˵꣬΢ʾ⣬ȻԵͷüչŵСһڡ
ĵĲŻǳģƲ˶ܳڳ¡
֪ģĪݸѾͷһԷǸʲôأ
ָԷΪԼˡƣǺǣ̫ô߳Ѿͷ϶ֻԼ˦ӳ԰ɣ
ĿⲻɨʳһĻ¹⣬ʳѻ᲻̫Сǵ⡭ݸѾͷʳٵõѲܳԱɡ
һûһ룬ƳĳԶģǴҹĳ࣬סڱǣֻ¶üۣСھ׽ҪǻݸǳԵ͡
ڼȲԲҲȾֻ㶵س񣬿ĺзӦɵݸһЦǵ٩֪ļҵĹ÷ˣһζȶȻζˣ
ֻôۣС˵ЦˣΪϵµǰˡ
ҲˣҲˣҲ֧СȻع·ϣȴյúܡ
ǲͬ⣬Ƣ
ԴһڵǹѪεһ̫֮Ĺϵһֱš
˵ĸûиҹ𣬿ôʱ˭Ҳһ
ǰǹȡԸ
ȻӲͷƤ뷨˵Ϸ˲ȥûбİ취ô
Ͻ˵ˣֻб֣ʤ㡣
ķӦڵԤϣʵԼǲֻ֪һӣΪԼȥһܴﵽĿġ
˵ǰĸվԼߵġȻڣȴЩ£Լһ̫ûдӦǵĸ֮ľߵͷˡ
ڣҲұҪȥĸ𣿡Σ˶
ʵʵ˵ⲻΨһѡ񣬵õѡ񡣡
һ˼ٰܰ㲻Ըգĵǹ
ĸ󡣡
˵ֿͨԼ΢΢Լ⾪ȡ
ǳѾܾòǹˣԼȥȪһӣվ¶ԷԸͽ죬ֻðмȥЩƷ˳һĽ
ԼԼΪҸ˵ģÿɣǡ嵭ĺҶС࣬ϲұЩ˪ȥ
ĸ󲻱˷ģ˴ǰϣĸ̫ܽĻϲȴƽöࡣ
⻰ԼԱϲõȻ޴棺Ҫʲô
ҪʲôͲĸˡ
Ҫ⻢ԸʲôôԼָؽڲ۽̲סʡ
΢㶣¶ƵĻڣŵĸȥѲټƽˣ²ᲨĺԽĸ߰Ȼ󡣶ֻ֤Ҫһգͱһոٻ
㵱ҪߵһһҪĸ˿𣿡ˣԼԼǰ޶ԣҲˡ
ܹòͬʱҲԼȡᡣ
֮֮ˣƣֻܵһ
ĸĸ֮ķϳȫ˵¹˫ֽžٹǰŵأԼԴ
ĸ׼ѵľӵֺγڶģ
¶ģ±䣬ǰ̨ǴɱļƻУԼȥעǣΨһԼĸȥġȥģΪǻԼӮҲ䡣
̫֣߬߬ޱȼѵؿڵһҵףһҵҲκһȥԸһ֮Լ£
ĸҪΪΤ𡭡̧ͷޱ˾䣬ȻۿֵԼԴʵڵ
δƵԼΪִ̫عı˵ġʵǰΤ
Լǵָףȴվδһԡ
վɫعƽĿⲻƢ֮ķŭ䣬ǿռţһƬߵĿռš
ĸ󻹼ǵô˵ţӻȡһģСڴȻֻͨϲüƳɣó幤Ǿɡ
Ƕ̥󲻾ãĸ㽫̥ɻЩһֱδ񣬶ĸ󡭡
˵꣬һɣװͷСص̫ǰ
ӽĸӣİ·
巢֮ĸ˾٣ζĸ׵ľѡ
޷ܶĸ׵ʧԹޣĸײҪˣȥˡ
Լʹ࣬ӯӯӳľȻתȥıӰ
ֻװŶ̥С鲻Խ߬뿪ڻһߣȴһйԡ
㽫ȥһҡŵĿƣΤ󻺲߳Ŀ⸴ӵŵſǰȥķ
̣ҶԲס㡭ΤסԼ߬Ų֣ǳڱܵİο֪ʱٶο֮Զ޷޲Էǵ˰̡
ֱůűĸǣԼᣬڸΤ޴ֻôûбİ취ƴĶŹ㣬ҰͻϡӮˣ˼ԸҲ뿴֮κһ
˵öԡ϶ΣгһɱҡֻǷġΤ˵
ʵǷģֺֹһ
Ժһҡڵĸ׷𡢳ԡ޹䣬ʱǰʵİˡЩǵµԩ
񣬳ʱڵˡ
ббսڣڷϡɵſͶһȦȦϸĹۣͬһ㾲װõļ
ΤĶϷ·ԶǾӻɥӣֻԼ֪ˡ
лҪ˵
дʱѹ


75 춯
˼±ļ ԴλǻɻмӵĿ½һͷںڴ߸𣬴켣Լʱ ΪһӵʵȨľ ߵƱã Ⱥ¹ʷ̨ǰ
˭Ҳ뵽 һüۼ͸Щ֮ıԭݻĸĸ֡
֡ҲΪʷһϣ ˿󼰵
ĴͳҹŮĳҪ죬οҪ׼
ǣи˾ǰ¿ʼðţ ƹƵĹԱԲ˵æǰæ ޲Լ˰ȣճÿǶѵϸߡ
Щص֮⣬һɶĴйءֻ֮֮Ǹʽ ĳĵǹ֮Ļ¡
δ˭ ǽ֮ء
˹ڰ·ű࣬ЩҪľûҪʸ˼ҵĸˡ
ʱһĻŴǰͨŰ϶檶ûУ ôһ£᲻ŮйأҪ֪ƥŮȥĩּ̫ܲ ԼôҲһֱûˡ
˹ͷҲ̧ʲô¡ҵʳٺ»ĹԱ Ӧöļҹ£Щ鳡¡
ôͲǵ¶ˣλĻ۾һɣȻ˹ĳЩķԤʵڿǣģƥ񲻳˹ɣǻ˵ã
ҲԼŮͣŶˡŮꡣ˹
ͨţ۵³֣ʲô̬ȣ
Ҳ㡪ܺõǰҪϹЩű߼ʵ飡
һһذ죬ͻȻ˹зһؼš
Τˣ˹š
ϵֻȴľͬżһ𷢻ĻһϴԸﳭдַعǸ汾
Τӹ˹ϵǾϴչ˲ˡ
ĻŴȥһһʱɵۣӦܻֹ
û뵽СӾȻģȻ仰ġ
ȻĻǸعԱΪвΤ
صżˣҾͲĹһһ㶯ûУȺѾ˸Ļ֮ͥģ
ⲻô֮ѵ˵ԼôЯģȻ˳Ĺʵɺޣ
ˡ˲ΪôҲǳǡĻǵߣΤȴֵõмӡ
øⰡ̬㷢չȥ
ѽ࣡ϵõعԱ֧֣һӦȥɶǴĲ
ĻŶԾƵĵǺͽǣΤƺΪ⣬ƵطǾѱĵĿȫǵġϴʲôбڣЩطٻܷ첻ɣ
Ļһ⻰׷ס˹ƽվһԣȴΤĶԲߡ
ع͵ڿǿعֻҪ໹λһգҲˡΤƶ·Щеľٴ벻ǵСҪλӾѧԼļ汾¡
ʱһֱĬԵ˹ڵ¹ȫ׼ֻϹڼһ໹ϣָԱ
˻һ˽̾Լĵľһ㡣
ǳ£ʱǿһֽȥδӣ
ԴˣΤ¶ζЦ⣺˹ȡҵ˽ӡҪһ

ʮպ
ٴ
ĸšҹſֽź͵ЪС
û뵽ʱô꣬յšҲù΢ҡҷţЪ»ް
λһλȨδżѲ³Ǻд
һڳϽԣس߾ʮ
䣬ſͲ죺ʮϻͬôô
ЪһЦҵĻҲ
˵꣬ЪͶ¯У䣺ֻһ˰ϴسλڼΤҲ͵һɡ

һӭ˹еĴּ˵ǳͻȻس߾ʮ򣬴ѹͼΪϽʶʮؾǰ߾
ּĹּҴһعˣȻ˫گ飬һԲ
ķǷּЩΣسˣȻЩҵսعΪϼй֮ͻȻߣ֮սǰΤìҲΪ˹ؼʱ̸ƫƫӵʾȥ߾ּ⣿
˵ЩΪ᲻֪ʱ򼱲ɴҵΤ˭
Τεıȴ򵥡ֱӣһеģƾ忴ôҲ޲
ٲȻһΤͨı£óĺ
Τǰʱй˲ųͳĳλس˽õĿܡ
ô˵Ĳɫ䣺ǿǺã״ʱʾ£ضԮΣ֣
ɽҲ޿κΡʵҳƲôأΤ˧ʮȥ̿ɴûбϽͬ衣
˵ѵϴ˴޷תô
ü΢أֻó̾һǲ֪ŮĶΪǣͬҲĿԷ˿յӡ
ǵδءҷģΪȻּһ
״˻棿ԭɽˮĻشƺֿһ˿ת
ǵûκΤ뿪ΤƱر޳Ī˵ڷſֽš
˵չһͼֱָָӺǵȼҪĳǳءλعսϽĿⶨھӺǲԶһطȡ
лҪ˵
лߡŴڣӪҺ͵ף
лߡĭ䡱ӪҺ


76 ۽
ض ӺǣмڴĽ깬ڴ˴ǲȡûзʲôȼʻһż׵عͼȻָŵͼرļתͷԵݸ
ݸŸڳԶ ӹĵø߸ߵģ 㶵ضǰĵͼĥ˰죬 ڳݲ˵ µĻ˲١
˭ˡݸ ˵˶ٱ飬µʱҪʳ
ҵ²չ˺ͱЩְı㰡ѧһҲǿϡݸޱش·ڸЩԶûԼеһӵҪ
΢΢̾˿ٺúÿһȵλá
Ӻġֻôࡣ
ݸ˵꣬˵ͷû ʾǰس߾Ϊؾ֮أ ҾӺǲԶݻƽ̨ṩ߱ڱ߾Լʱʮа-ŶΤİš
ݸ򣺡ΤͷдһߣҴҲˣ ô죿¾󡯵 ҲƴΤ
˭˵ҪΤӲƴˣޱȿ϶˵ǵ˸سͷΪʵʵΤĻʮؾ߾
¾ã Όּ񣿡
ָŵͼԼעĲȣ ոյĻ⣺Τ˺οڰδ ȨΤǸˣ֪ʱͶԷŸûκκôȻУδزᡭĻᡣ

һڲһһС־񣬴ԼǧˣʱӺʲôǧɽϵȼü֮˵ָָͼϾӺǸضص㡣
ȣ˼壬ϿȵΡɽڶ࣬ء
˴ؾжʮ֮࣬ܽǧڴ˵زע⡣
ɣк֣Ҳֻʱ˵Լİ

Ѽ࣬ڼԣôʱԼһǰȪ
ϴҹΪҩʱԲѣڿýҲδֻ̽ҩ뿪ˡ
¹ȥˣȻͻָˣȻе˺ôϣ
һûһţ˭֪յȪſڣ˸߼ϲڵڣǺͷ԰
ǣ԰ȻԶԶһ̫ڷֵĹơ
ˮĽһ彣̫Ҳ亱ȻԾڵĽֽȴֻǿмܡ
δֻԶԶһԹս
ڵ书·İʵԷĽرտֻžڱͻľ޴˲ɱǶԷͨͨһûмܵס
֮£ǳӦ򵥡ֱӣ磬˵Ӧñ׾ٱƵýڽڰˣͽм֮
ɻ󣬵һ֮ϰȻǰ㣬ͬʱڴƳӭ
ֻ̧ὣһ
ĽиһӴ̫㱻ɣ۵һ˵ϡ
ڼ״󾪣æջؽƣһܣڵĽ棬Ȼβȶڵء
ںͼϽǰһȥ·ϵĻҳһڵѣ˵Լûûأʵ
ûƵԼҼ磬˵˾䡰޷÷
ھβѣٳٲϾոÿ죬Ĳ룡
ǣĸʲô˵ˣǹҪһαȽ㾡ȫҲ¡
¶ˬֻվɲĵǣҲˣʶҽةһ
һҲûУ˲ģżͷڵһ⣬ǱȽʱҼ粿ͻȻʹҲδ̫Сˣ
Ҽ粿Ȼ·ʲôס׷ʵһµĺ֢Բԣ
ǵƤˣĶĺ֢ǰˣ㻹ŰԵ΢΢͸ЩǸεԷϣһνı顣
̾˿
Сʱǳô
Լ˵ϲˣժҲͲᱻЩӷ֣ڴұߵļһ
ǵ˿֮Ѫֹ
δôѪŵôޡ
ɰôˣȴȻҧǼմѪ˵˹ȥϸذο
ˣѵ÷ҲڣڱԱԣΣĻ˼Ļ䡣
æڰ֣ƴǵ˻֪֮ģ֪Լ˾;Բȡ
˼ûָ֪֮Լıӣ̶һԵķڣҲôã
ҡͷ˵ҡϴЦ⣬ȴ˰Ѻ
ҪǴӦڱȽ鷳
Ҫ֪ҹ̽¥ǴǸλ˶սʮغϣЩ¶ţʱ֮Ƚշڵľ̶ȣƱػҹĲɱԼͳ¶ô
ˣΪ˲÷ڿʲôߣװ䡣
Ц̫ӵºԷƱͷ닪սôУҲǵ֮
ǼӣȵϷ˾һ˭棿
䣬ԵȻЩܱܲവˡλǶ֣͹˲һأ˲ʵҪ˵书ȻҪõĽҲһӰ졣
佫ƫüһ˳ŶԷĻʵ̫ҲǵƷôŲ𣿡
Ҳʮֲֻ֣ϣһ͸ˡ
ôһ˵Լ彣ݸѡˮġӯƣһԣǷ⡣
ӽ˼Ȼ󽻻Էȷʵҵġ̫ӯ٣ҲѾǶЩţʡ˵ţֱȻһ³̡
һԵķ̲ס˾䣺ôĽ𣿡
˼ˮĽȻӶ̡
ȻҪǰ㳤ȣʦó
лҪ˵
ȫһ¡


77 
峿 ݸ˯б㱻ѣ˵ǽҪǣ׼һ¡
ݸֻһߴŹǷ̱ӣ һʵ˯ۣ ﻹСֹһҹıף һ㶼Ҷˡ
һҪˣ 㶯㣬ٵȥҾһ˳
ս䣬 Զꤹ˵Ѿˡ
ݸ¿ʼżˣһָһ泯ſߵļ󺰣µȵѽ
ӭ糿Ŀع˳ţһ·ʻš
΢΢ ݸһһֵֻĸ첲Сŵ·Եķ羰£ ҪȥĶ
ԶűĿ
ԶԷĻشȻݸʼδСѾͷ£ѹɤȥôԶĵطʲôôǮҪɵ֪ˣ ϶ٲҪһ
ڱ֪ æŵġ
ݸһˣСཱུϸߣߣƫģʲôҪ¶ҶߣȻȸɵ
ڸҲٰЦ ҽճȥݷһλˡĹˣ סɽС
ݸЩ棺бĹʽˣ
Թˡϲ һ޶ֹһй˵ĺΪҲΪҲֻݾӵذˡҲֲͨŴţԽ˸Űݻᡣ
õݻ֮ˣҲǵ֮´Ӧòֻǰݷðɣ
۾ڵûҴ˴ΰݻĿΪһѽ
ݸȻ򣺡Ҳ˵
δ䣬˵ͷһλҡ
ʱ⡣
Զ˶ǵķǰɽˮƣﻨ㣬ﶼ͸ķҷ
óͽͣɽ£Ȼʾݸһɽ
£ɽƽ̹¶Ҳȫû⣬ΪǻҪͽôԶ
ݸһӵʣ͵ʿȻԼһ׹ء
ˡŲһ٣ͻȻʲôһУСڣˣҪʵʵţ˵
ڼĽݸȴе㲻мʲô˲õĴǸʦԼСڣԱ˵һһ׵Ĺء
Ȼˣŵ̬кβɣοʿ˾֮¡ܰҰɴ£˵ͽϸɽҲԶȥֵõġ˼⣬Ϊһѵ޽еĳ˴˵ȾԼҲİ
ݸϴĲˣֻǾʦҲֵõ˵ˣǸô˼ָܴĶʦֻ򽣡
ݸ֪֪ոǼ仰˶ļɻ䣿ȣʦᲢۣǴɣߣ㲻˵졯Ӧ˵졯˵ǰϸݸĴȻʮظСѾͷԣҲñտڲԣһ˵˻ᱻֱӴӳȥó
ݸǺǡһЦҲӳȥֻôôġ
ǰļɵͣ½Ųعͷɻ󲻽ؿݸ
𡭡ķѵ𣿡
̾Ϣ˼죬ˣһλٵ
ɽȳ΢ֵģȴ˼ζ
ƹϪ˵ļұǰ
һľͷļСݣǰΧŰʣյɢҶѷʯǱⶪġ
ǰĴ¯ﲻлԾŴܳѬǵϢݸǺֱⲻǽ®𣿿ȿȡòסɣ
ʦסڽ®ӦסĶȴڴ
Ŀⰵʾݸ漴ִݵķһݣݷôʦ
һ󡰶֮ͭȴʮٴƺ͸Щͣô˽ݰɡ
õ˵֪ԼеĿѾﵽһ룬ʾݸƷһǰһݡ


78 Ӱ
˵ס һªĽ®
Ȼƹ䣬߽ʱŷļҾӳһӦȫҶƷȴԵǰڷŵ滨ľĳ ɴϵļƷ ԼҷŵĽ֮⣬ ǿվˡ
ݸƴסԼ뼴Էʰӵǿ- λ˵еڶȴΨûһ鰸ϣһԼ׵ĺӣ һ߳˼һۣʲôͷǰˮĽ֣
ʦĽвֵĵ
䣬ݸһû뵽µ彣ͷģ
˵ͷüͷһһ̣Ա˳ŵͷҿûǸйģ
٣ ͷôݸļ˸Ҷᣬ׼ͶԷܼ䣬 ҽűһȣʱ۵˵
У߶Ŵʦ徲ƢŹ֡粻ʦȻмӣ ˴εŲΪԼ Ϊĺһѽ
⻰˵ĿȻȻתһԵݸ̶һΪмߣͷʵʵ˵ɣλﵱһ Ҳòõģ ͷЩʣµı߽ϴѲ˵ˣֵöࡣ
ԼŹ ټɲ񼧵ƢȻݸըˣʲô⡭
˭֪һ仰û꣬ݸĽűֱһ£죬ʲôҲ˵ˡ
ʦˣλѽ첢û
ôһ˵ˡŶһ˵ɣҪһʲôĽ
Ĵϲһ֤ԷԸݻˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊʦٲ˳úͽϵʿǰ󽣣۵ģȻ˿ɲʲôӣ˳ԱŸǳе¡
ǣڽҪ򵥽һ飬ĩˣֱȻһ³ȣҪô
ôĽ𣿡죬˼
ҡҡͷҪӲ
ˡͷֱԣ彣ҪôΪ˺ÿЩҵӣҪôΪɱˣ罭ϵĽͻɱ֡㳤ȵӲһÿΪɱ˵͸ʵˣʽĽҴδ˵ˡ
ԣ°иٰݵλ˫Ҷ޷һѽôϻ˭ʤأ
Сӣڹ⼤ͷӡָżٺ١Ц
Բ΢Цҡ
˵꣬ʹ˸ɫݸԹԽһ̻ƽϡ
Ƕ𡣵֮ӱĽ
˵꣬û뵽ԷһƣѽɣٹǮɡ
˶˶٣ŷ·𼫲Ըؼһ䣺һܿ϶ܲɴ˽Ǯ񲻻ҵĹأʱûͷڲ
ڣȴظпϴôĽڰǰ߸һ
ǰǡׯݱλһꣻҲǴһ꿪ʼΤʽһгΪعԭй֮еķ
ƽ̨ϸУü˲һ˿ͬѰ
Ŷԭ֮⣬бʦһѳװһı飬һΪԷ裬һ߲źۼ׻
һ˼칤ձ׶ˣƺûжྯйĸϢй¶ʾ̸۽
ΪûжɱӦ֮ðɡȡԷĻ
Сӣô˵ɾʹشˣȻǰԼãҽмƽʱ֮вײһֻ֣ҪԲĲ˵ţֳ䲻ڼϱȻ˸Ķ
ݸһǰǳԷûأʱֻԷһͷһ죬˸ŷһЪ˹ĴЦˣ
ʲôɵðľ
һѷĽĵ˳УöΣգ
üëһһһ˵ǰѽʱһ£ʱββʱġɳɳҽ֮ȡΪӰ
лҪ˵
߾⼸ҪԺƣԸݻϣԼҪʲô⣬Ժָո޹صĶղصòӣﲻܲѹһ£߾͵⡣
ΪԼ


79 ǰ
˵Ľ® ɽһ·ݸС鲽ںͷһ߶ͣһգίСˣûǰôݸˣ ݸĽŶˣ İ
ˣǸ ֡Ŷ Ӧ½̫أͷҲصǰ棬Ȼˣ ɽ·ʹ࣬˰ɡ
ݸһҪؽ®׷ǰļҲŲҪǸͷһ
ЦЦɨ۶Էҽţ ˵õĲأ
ˣΪʲôҪһѽѡˮġźôݸڻ̲סԼеʡ
ΪһѳֵĽ
δ䣬 ݸʱĿ࣬˺ðʶԷ˵ʲôôǮ˸Ǹ
ļڴڼΪѣ ͼҲӦġ
ɵ³Ҳ̫ˣ һ̽ӣ۾գһ¡׻˵ءСĽ飬͸ʲô϶ᵱƵģ õŻôǮ𡭡ݸɵ
Ҫ֪˷ǧأ ƽ̨ľѻ˷ͽһأҪǵƽʡԼã Ķô
Ƿ仹и˵˲֡СѾͷ޷޲ƽСģĪ˼ֶȤζȤ٩ضŪԷ
֪˵˰Ȼʶʲô־ˣǼ𡱡
ǰӰһкηԸ
̧ͷ˿ɫ˵ȥһҰ棬ʱ䡭Ͷ֮˳ֵһ½عûúͻȻسģǾ罫ϻܸҡ
֮Լǰ󡱲Ϊģ͸¶ڰǰһ̫ɺϣбҪȥ
Լȥ飬󡱵ȥٺʲ
󣬼ԼϻԼΪð粻òֺһƴɵİ׸
ϴ޷ߵݴ񣬻ۼԷ˵Ҫأ̧ʾ಻ӷ˼š¼ҹգƽʱԴöһ룬ЩĵĿջڳĳöࡣ
׸ǰоǰ²ôˣ
һذ׸˲ᣬǳײҲֻϵùǰװװһƣ˷üƢº͵ԭøǽõԱû׽˭뼧̬䵭һ£Щֲ
ȻϾڻƽ̨Ļһ֮λϵˣǾѷɫģ׸֪ٺƢԷԼҲܴۣ˿̶Է𣬱Ͻ˫ֵһ顣
չһֻһ¼Ԫ굽عҪԱ֡
Уϵһע⡪ʱξһְֱڹеڡ
һ´˵ʱ䣬Ȼǡɾׯӳݱ󲻵꣡
µЩĵĻعϵĹԱͨߣ֪شһС㡭̬Ȳ׸ֻüԼĵϸڡ
ûڣʵ˵ףЩ߻ٶΤԸ
ѵΤӶɱ켺
⵹Ƿһ磬УǣӶľǺˣ
ԣЩ֮൱һּİ˵عͷǵɲסĻʹΤô֮˱ȻǸеĸ֣
ĿٴڡϣĪһסʵС𡯵ʲôˣ
ԭԹǧšĶǧš󣬴˽ѣԵɺ֮±ӳ£Ϊĸ֮սǰϦӳΤһԹӳλξһְ
׸ɻüξƹܹҪְΣҲһ齭ʿׯҪְλѵʲô֮
֪ǵʱԹһͣеĵľ֣˼ܡ겻˲ܵӳʶá
ԭˡͷпû뵽һ־Ҳòףǿϧ
׸Ҳŵͷͣɲôȷʵ̫磬ҲΤֻô꣬ûʲôˣиӣҲڹְзʲôšˣзڣ
ݸԭ׼ݲˮһڡֶ˲ֱ㲻ɵһšžһˤ˵ϣһء
ݸϽأһʰһصǽһߵͷˡ²ĵģȥ
һСС뱾ҪȻݸķӦʱϼ޻İ׸ġӶԷڡֱ겻ƶϣ뷮֮ضйⱾҲѰϾסع˵̬ȶԱ֮ȴྶͥ
䲻ѿһ˾ȲûбķӦݸȫͬˡ׸ؾ쵽ݸг˾㵣ǵᡣ
й۲ݸŹκһ˿ɫ仯֮ʣѾ˲Ծװǳ⣺ëëŵĻǱˣȥ
ݸĬĬ£׸ʶȤؽĿջء
һ̲סݸ˴⣿֪֪׸͵͵۲㣿
СѾͷգգһ޹ı飬ԻûʶԼ㷸һô©ģʲôʱ򣿡
ᵽڵʱ򡭡ε̾˿ʱ˼룬ôˣ
ֻû뵽ڵĵȻӵһ쵱ıҲǣУع̶ѨͷˮҲףݸţ˵ȻڵĵôĪɱأ˭ɵأ
ǰŷɥɱ֣ԹһµĵĽͣȡһ˵û
ͣ٣ּ˵뵽ģֻЋһԣܹ书һ֮ˣǵˮƽˣ˫ƽʱҲԷֳʤ˵һöԷˡǹڷ״ļ¼ЩҪԱ޴𣬶һֻǸɵĺ㡣ĳҲͰˣؼЩ佫ֿɲټһַ𡭡˵ʲô
͵Ϯݸһ
ЦЦûشǡλáϮ߾λ棬ӦˣģȴѪ˲ɱԲ򡣡
ǷڵĵôѵһҲûУ
ݸʣŽ͵һǋԵɡһһĸһôһųֻЋһΤţ书ɲ⣬̶ޱҲʲôιܵ˱һ·ҡֱϣΪعָس𣿡
ݸҡҡͷڵȻɱֳҲǳصġʮþȵȡԷҲףܻܿȱһ
ʲô
ҹƷһɱ
ţͶͬӰ
֮ǰ׻֪ӰһѼΪԼõǲ͵ϮƱزѡ
뵽⣬ݸˣǿǺãҡҾҪҪ֪ɵһ
֪ʲô
ԼĵڷѵΪ𣿡
ղŲ㱻׸صС˼Ҳû಻
СѾͷŪƿԣκ˵˾䣺Ҫŷȥ
лҪ˵
ֻĲҽԺܳʵڲʺ֡
⼸»㣬ˣûëѪҺյϽɣϣԼƽ


80 ֮
յţ ˵˲裬ǰһ
⻹ǵʱѵһǰȥԼס𻰣еЩ죬 ȷܾòԷ ǣҵ ֮꽥ַͬ-ң ǣڶ࣬·Ʊã Ƕֺγɼ
صǵĴʱǲܣΩԸԷԼܽģþһЩپһЩ
Լ͵֮꣬˽ӵԼʱЦ⣬ ·ؿڲ֪õĻް紺ˮӵȥҲ㻽˼ڡ ֱǼڸȪźĹʱŻȻӦԭ˾ְھӪѵ±ء
ǰʱ졭ۿԼҪмڴ лֻأ ҲǴǰǸӰԼСˡ
ʱţۣһЩ˽󡢳죬ܹ縺Ρһ档
һЩ򴹴ӣ עһĺ
һЩˣ ǵԶഺ껪ҲͲȥ
ʱͬɳ µδźߵһǲᡭ
ĺ԰ڣݸǰһĺӣ澲һѳֻǰѽͨںڣǶֵİɫƣԼѰĳҪԵ޳һЩ
ϾļڴˣҲûʲôϡһɣô
˵꣬ݸ˵ĺҪôЩҪôѧЩʿӹЩż桭һȣǱĲãȻ뵽һѱµĽ
ֿѣȻ˸˽ϲãԲͶá뿪Ц̧ʾһԣǷ֡
ͷľǰѳе˵࣬ǲ𣺡ȷʵҵ̫˲١
˵꣬Ĵָһƽ˲䡰һʣĴĿ⺮ӳһ˫ͬʱԼͳǰĵ
ֽһӣʱڶֱӽһ÷֦ϣ
ýһѾýдԵľϲ˷ܣס̾ϡѵõı󲿷Ҷʶ˷ĳȴδţ´θдʱͲǰѾ˶ˣŪѽģ
ߺߡһԵݸʵ̲סҧгݵؽӹΪ˸ϴһѺϺĽǵ¿Ƿ˺ôһ򡭡
ˣݸһѱ˵ôţΨСѾͷ˵Ͻϣͬʱźۼתƻ⣬ѽûֽ֡ǽԵֵģȾó֣˵עˣΪȡɡ
ǵҼڵԴұҪʼΪʵȨ
˼ˣڵиء֣˰죬Ҳûһʵġ
һ˼˵£һɽӡѽͽءΣ
أء
ΩԸܻΪģƽⳡѪɫķ׷Ҿ֣һûսʢ£
һ᲻֪˸ƯĽת򼧵ܷСʱһ轣Ϊҳ裿
ɵǴͯʱ򣬰һľһһ߸߸һߴӣȻӦʣãϣҳʲô
ͳط硯ɡ
ǣŲߵһ£ţԻ£ͬۡʦҸìͬ𡭡
ĴʵȾģһѪԽ籡
ն̤һطԾա
ҶɻУǳӰ쪽֯ĽӰ໥ӳǡһˣӡֱ˴ˡ
лҪ˵
лߡŴڡĵסĭ䡯ӪҺ
ԤԼҽһСʹĪţпվ͸£ٸ٣ӵġ


81 ڴ
ĺʱ 硣
˾£ˬʵԼ˰ش֮ʱҲⴵ򺯹ȹ
һءӺǣ Ϊʱõľɶ ڽӭؾļʽ صλޭ깬
ȻǰһƬ δ٣еĳȴ жװֻһ֮Ĺ񣬲ͳس룬Ҳʹǰ˲κβء
˵ӺԶ ڶ࣬ʻٶȱȻ첻ˣ 첻Ҫ׼
ݸΪ̫ӵ̴ӣͬһǰӺǹ
СѾͷ˯죬һشǷﲻסرԹǰڻƽ̨ʱϰ书ʦҲֻ֮ϰ ڵã 첻͵ñȼ磬˯ñȹ
ΣֻõݸһȹһŨˮһ㣬񡣼Ǵ£ һоôһءǹ޷Ҳ磬 ˼һǰ׼ˡ
ǻǵ£ ֲҪʲôݸԵúܲмС̰˯Щ˷Ϊ¶ò磬ǱһӵĻ
ȷʵҪΪ֪ΪĹαߴ羫׼һ֮һ˿һã¾Ҫʮأվһһ磬ܵ𣿸ΪյʽòѧϰЩȽˣŰѧĲÿ춼ҪŷӺڹػһʱ
һ˵ݸƽһЩҲͦû˼ģûеСϰڡ
˵ͷݸ仰˵ǡˡ
ǵҵĺӡƷޣʵɡסǶԣֺγһݳޣ
·;л˯ݸ̫ﵹһһŮ̲סн;һ·Ĳ۵ķ羰Ҳϲ治ѡ
ĸӺʲôطѽſԼϥϣཱུС
Ӻߣûô󡣡Լӵķ
һֱſų羰ĻعͷĶסҲúܴѽķ죬ֽ𰡮ಡһ¾ͷȥˡ
סعֻһС֣ǿɱȹöࡣԼĲеǸΡ
Ϊĺ⣬ֻҲֻҽԼƤӵ£ӱ˵棬ǹĵطȥ
Ҫֽһһ˫ͺˣͿȥĶȥĶ桭˵ҧԼָͷƺĽֽɵøߡɵԶ
͸綼Ҫǵһ쳤Ŷ
Լ䣬һڴؿҲԼļ𣿡
Ȼ
̫ˣǵʱҲܳ
ЦúܿģмΪҪļڴ˵ֻһѵõĻᡣ
յİ棬ǰϡɼ¥̨ӰӣӺ߿ɼ֮
һȣһƥɫǧڶǰͷ̧ʾ⳵ӷŻнٶȡ
ݸ˯һո۾ƿ̽Դǵô
˺һйƵسڣʲôǰͷһƬѹѹȺڵӰӶûƼ
΢΢һЦǰǻݵӣȻԼسĳһ֮λڶм䡣ǵĳ뱾ǰʹһ𣬽λڶĩ˴λɷȫȨܿˡ
˵Ƕ޹ؽҪСݸƲƲ죬Щ
йİ˲޹ؽҪô
δ䣬ͻȻһɧе׷ͣ
ݸһƿвʹͱӴӳ̽ͷһãȻһЩ˸ɴཻͷӶ֪˽ʲô
Ƭ̺ݸֻصڣ¿ʼǰн
Ѿˣոһ˴Ÿͯס˻ݵӣ˵ԼķӺƹĹǰͻȻܹΪ¡
ݸ˵꣬ɵüҲǱ
ԣǸô˵ģڳܶ˶ˣݸصһͷźҲȷʵȡû˵ͱΤļǿˣ˵飬û
ݸĻѾû˼ȥעˣʱ˿ӶǷԼЩԱ
ɺ֮ô
Ӻǡޭ깬
ųǰķĹ¥ԽԽȻڼһŴصȴǵĵ
лҪ˵
ϽˣȱƶѪ龪һҽĽ»ѪȻ˲ڷ֮ǰĳţҲƲס˼룬˿ллҵĹģ߾̫ˣ


82 ʹű
Яڰ·سһվֻǸС ûоŵеö֪
֮ǰڵӺǣйڳŴӭļ١
֮ ӷֳ һعͳĳǰйס ʣµһʹԼӵһˣ һɱĹԱס˸ɲһµġӭ¥
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ʹһͬ 㿴һ߸ߵķνмҶдš顱ŵ̨һ״ºһҾһ㡣
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ʵϴһ·Ͷ٣ 󲿷ֶ ͲЩЪϢ˭Ըվ¸ûꡣ
Ҫ˵дҲʵǸʶȤģ¶ƣ̬˿û⣬ǶԹԵؿӣ Ҷϵһ⣬ ַʲô¡
վڼǺһλӣȼعҪ꣬ ˵Ȣ˸صĸŮ˸ӡ
ԷǣŵСԼĪ꣬Ӧĺˡ
˽һ죬Ҿƣһͯ
ֻСקƣͰ͵ţףʲôʱܳԷҶˡ
Լ̼ҲͰˣһŶӶǻ˵ã
ǣӷ߶ָੲݵعд򣺡ô£˭ǵ˭Եġ˭дģǶһ·ˣΪλϢ
ӵĻһڣ˵ҲԹص׷Ǵ˲ôҶŶվ⣬̸ʲô顱
û뵽Լ˾ٻ˵Ĳ߿Ҳûд鰲ľ飬ˡ
ӿɹܲô࣬Ӳܶţ㽫дһߣӴǽ¥
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ڻһһɡˣȻȴᵽԵıϢ
Ӻǣޭ깬мڴľٰأͬʱҲǋĹϽشΤˡ
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ҹ˯ŵԶֹһˡ˸˫

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׼ȥΤ˹һת俴ǰԶɽƮ̣Ǵ̣˾䣺ǰʲôط
ش˵Ļǲȡ
ȣֵǴ硣
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峿ڸԷһ޵ʹڵõ׼һ¥Ļͼš
Ҳ֪ǲյĵȺߵԵʣʳ⾫·ḻ׼һ
дͺڻͼڣԱվŵ˽ԶЦ½½¥㹰Цع˶Ųôܶʱɴ಻ԣǵλԶĹͣǻһϸܵ׼λܹԺúȺá
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Ǹûģ˴θдʹŵдʵðٿĪ磬һͷֻ˵Ϊλ͵İȫǣϣ⡣
ⷬģɵ˵Ȼ⣬ټĻͼӣ˫ǲɿ
֪һζȥ⣬ǰԼš
Ŀӹһ̸㣬ס
һӵǲֵôС֣ɹ־͹ǰСѩ֡ĸֻó
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ֵһ˲䣬һͬʱĵĲԽԽǿҡ
Τſһҹ֮Ȼ岻ӰҲ̫ˡ
ǿǼǧˣתƵҲϲϢƽ̨߶޲
һµĲ뽥ˮ桭
Իƽ̨ΪγٳٲܲΤ񲿶Ӳںδ
Ϊڰһ֮ʣſͻȻ˼
ֻһֿܡûνǧſͣΤϵǧ˾
ֲ߬
ΤѾʼжˣǧ˴˿̹ͽӺǣδбʧȻ


83 Ϊ
˹Τ֮ǰڰݵһĸӣ Ҳ֮ǰдŵҷеӺ޶
Щ̰ĹԱΤǰϳͣ Ϣµ׮׮㹻ʮζֹ ǴĿǰܶ
ʱ ôҷ߼ֻ֪߱·һˡ
ʵ ЩʱҪ˵ΤƤգһǲܵġ
Ҳˣ ĶⳤģҲ᲻̣ҹλ֮ʾѣȻҹߡ
ԭΪԼǷֻкԺһңȻһ·Ѫʬأ ۰׹ǳɽϵѾൽˡ
ǰ ˡ
£ΤŵоĬһޱϤͷ֮ŵ֣ЩټһʱĴڶΪ˴˿ƾϸ
ԼеЩ꣬ ֶ֪ ҹǻҰǶĸӣĽ䡭
˹ȲؽԼڲȸֵĶߺͲ²һӦΤأԳ񣬲֪Щʲô ѣ࣬ ࣿ
˼صʵΤ ȴһ赭дⲻʲô£Ͳùˡպϵļڴǲ֮ء
࣬Ļɲ
˹һδΤ̧ʾԣֻñտڲ̸
ʵΤаԼˣڲȵİжҲƿ֮УЩǲҳݵСĵص㡣
˹һóԹɫΤԴ˲ΪȻ֪аţԹԼļ⡣
Τһ١
ǡ¹ΪȻѳӣô϶ʱֻԹۣݴͣɋͷϵȻʲôȥ˹ɵط֮ٴšѸײڶ֮ưΧޭ깬ΪʱϳЯӳӺǣټפڸľӣһ󳾵ľˡԣǵĶһҪ죡
Τͷ˵Ҳôġ
Ѿǲܵһʱյޭ깬ڵǧҲޭ깬ΧˮйͨϾô󡣡˹֮˴жѴ
һɷģӳޭ깬Τ˵꣬΢΢ϴ˴ܣһ˲١
벶ȸں󡱣Ȼ򵥣Ȼ¡
Τļƻ׳Լ-һƱػȿ̫
ȻᵫѪΤ˽⣬ԼĸײܲˣֻҪΪ˾̫ޭ깬Լһμ䱦ʱڷһ˿ʤ㡣

ԴӼޭ깬ǰʱæˣÿ첻͵øƹƵĹԱмǰ׼
նò׵ÿڻ԰ɢɢǰ
ƧԷлҪ˵ҡ
ϵļˣʱⲻһѪȷ磬ֳֻ̫Ȼ졣ʱۣ̫İΣɾ͡Ҳֻ˵ΪҲ²͸̬ȣϾϴλ֮У̫Ϊʵ˺ġ
Ȼ˦һ䣺޹ء
˵ǰǲԸκ˴һ
ڰԼ죬ƫƫĺĺҲֻӲͷƤȥ
ֻһͷǰ棬ͻȻ䲻֪ʲôĽϡ
һԭһ͸ӡ
Ŀ漴Χһÿ΢紵£Ҷɳɳ΢졣
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ʱѾ׷˻У֪ԷҲʯĳ֮ˣοĸվѪŨˮС̫󲻹ܲʡ
뵽⣬ǰһڵϣǷٿһ£
һת˵Ҳǣ̾˿ˣĸİȫͽɡ
ԥһ£¶ļʾô̫ߵӡ
֮ԥ仰ڴۣΪ̫Τĺӣ̫һֱ䵭ԭΪӡ
ϵδŭڶԷϿһ˿á
֣ȴһ䣺أ
ѽһֱԲ䣺£ᾡӵȫ
ɫƽŵӽ˼һȫʵԼҲ޹ģǸ϶ʱҲһġ̫㲻ǣҲغӵ¡ҲǷ㣬̫ĸ֣ӾͲò
˼Ƭ̣ͷͰ˵İɡ
Զ˹½ԶͷˣתΤһҾ˹շ֪Ϊ֮ˣ๥˹Ϊӽʤѷ֡
ΤһЦ˹һߣһ䣺ϲ֮ˣһ㲻ͬ
лҪ˵
лĭ䡱ӪҺȣ
ɵӣվǷŲԼĸװ


84 
ճ䣬 תۼһȥˡ
ʱգⲦѱ֮ⷽգҾ뼰ڴеʱԽ Խɭϣ ˿ûзǳȥļ
ݸÿӴлصţ Ȼ̲סЦ˳ӳĳǵһ ֺóԺúȵعšǰһ¥һԸڳ䶼 ר÷Űѷ͵ϡ治֪Ǻûǲá
Ȼǲã䲻վݸһںñϹӺһҲ ʲôһ֪
ݸϽ¿ӣߵԣ±Ҳ𼱣 ȷʵ벻ָӺǱܺ͡󡯵ȡϵڼ찵˭֪Τ죬˱ǵ˵ø硣
̾Ϣһ˵öԣ Ҳûá˿̾ûбڴˣ ΤǧҲ췦ˡ
˵㲻㣬Ϳܾܲˮˣ ڲһô ¡ݸһѵӺǸûפصؾ
Ӻعľɶ λúҪӦеġ˵
ˣΪβڱذȱƫҪԶ
عľӵ쳣ϸʮϷǻɵйֻ֮еʱܵõڴ֮ǰһȨӵġ
ʲô˵ɷһǵһ˵
ݸ䣬㿴һˣǺαһҪڻأþӾȼݲһǵҪɰ
£ĻݸıԷͿˣ˵жѻжôҪô˵һҪˡ
ֻҪפڸؾ֪Ӻڳ쳣Իǰ鿴ʱеⲻӭж𣿡ȥ˲٣ɫҲû֮ǰôѿˡ
Щؾ֪Ӻأݸյ
΢΢һЦתСѾͷ˼䡭

ڴǰҹӺǵйڴȺ
μϯĶعسҪԱΤ˻ػ˵ԼӡˮȾ˷纮ʶ޷ϯᡣ
Ⲣʽ¡صĹ磬ԳǿɲȱϯҲδʲô
λ󳼾ٱʾϯϯҲ֮ʼ
ּӡԶʱ߿ʱͳֲ״֮С-輧һɫɴڣڷѩ溬ֵ衭
ƹѲҲһ롣λɫ죬Ʈ̬
ҲſЩлٱû£ϵģжԿģĿת輧ȻԼˮġ
ףעĿֱߵϴǰһơ
˭֪纴ǸʵۣƽҲ̫˵ʽֱƴǵ²ʤźˡ
˻һڴ֮ͥ²ˋӡ
ˣžһ½һӣɷ˵һץסԷ·ӣݺݵءһڣΪٸ䲻࣬ô⳯ҲǸϺһٸΪʲôϽϵڳı˸һְٰ˲ʶ̧٣
ⷬʱڳڳŻˣ׷װĪǺȸˣ˴治֮Ҳ˵ڡ룬Ⱥȴûһ˸ͦ
ھվɫؽҧֽսָؽڡǡ죬ڼʡ
ǸƵģ޼ɵһѽڵϡ
ΪȴǸϲҲܵһ£͵ڵأ
ʱ֮ѻȸ޲սսƫƫ಻ֹ֧
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ؿһֻۣ˵˾䣺պö˶˵ľˣȴ뱻˸ˣϲ顣иˡ
ԱϣҲǷͬ⣬Ʋϯ˶Էȥ
һй㿴һֱȺξؽߵߵ߶үΣ
װˣƷһ֪̽ǿиɣǸݰΪǡἰԵú
ǰ̨һ£ȻСĵսľţ
ǰЦһǰãҪΤȳܻ죿
С졭
ƻ¡
ү֮
лҪ˵
ؤС糡
StyleʼBGM𡪡
߹˭ǿ
ࡣ
ʱ
ŮװкƤң

ûֵŮװУֵǱʱ
͸Ћ˵ŮװŶ


85 ޭ깬
ڷص޹ йˡ
ԭ·߲ȡһϱĿ˯ͻȻɱ⡣
ίˣڵϥ¹ѵ
Сܴ˴裬 ԼȴʲôҲˣ Ҫһ书кã
֮ˣ ʲô
䣬 ȴһѳ֣̯ģ ȻһƬѪ
֮ǰϯбˣôһ㶼⣿
ϵ˿Ҳ鲻ԽսףǱϵĻӲ˵ġ
ϻ˵Լ⡭ֶˣôս˵꣬Լڣ ˺һ鲼ΪԷ
˵Ƥ˶ѣ¡

չ
ɫɻ谵 ӺǵĽͷβˡСĻ򡱵
һλӺǰմ˯бѣط˸ﲻĸͿڴǰ˳꣬ ƨ
˵꣬ ˸Ƿͷ˯
йĹŴжӵԴ淴΢ǵס
ڽգǵϱҪޭ깬мڴ ʹǰ ǰʾصĹ
һ̤ŵϲҹ˪¶Ŵ Ԥ֮бסź˴ڹ⳼һɽֹڡ
һҪȥأ䣬ĲͻȻԱߴһ⣬أûϢ
ͬʱͬҲڱĨ˲ӣ
ʮƬ̼Ϣһǳɡɾɱ˷ʽȻɱֱֵʡ
үǸؽߴӹź̽ԴѾȫǴҡڵ߳ԋĴָһƨ
мЦⲻʩСƣǶֵźţ޺¥ɱͽйܱοƣõź֮Ѹٸɵعŵ
뵱СӵԵʣΤӺǣڴ˾ӪꡭҲȫǻ¡
վ񣬲˼ʱһжó׼
Լոϴϣ˪Ϊͷ༸Ůͷɨ档
ʱŴȻһ춯ȴ֡
˪ľᣬȥţһһڣ--һѽ
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ʲô췴𣡡Լᡱվַŭָôċؽˡ
ɿ֣˪˳غڵŲӲͣؿԺʹ
ţƹ˪Լǰģع񣺡μ̫΢ǰ̫ȡ
ؽҲŹݵ̫󽻳
дԼţͶԋƿڴΤҪԻҰңвŮǺξģΪҿ𣿣
๫æʵڳ鲻ԲŻ΢һˣ̫ҪΪѳȡ
Ż꣬Լ̬ȸǿӲ˼ˣǾѻģӣв죬ؽǧСú
ʵû뵽̫ӲԣĥٶƤҲҪˣһ˶Ѵ࣬һֻöˡ
̫һУҲ޿κΡ֣޺¥ɱĺ̫ǰ
ԺǡӡĿԼһӻˣб³尧۸ʲô
̫ϣȻΪǡؽ߱˵߽Ĳϡ
ԼĺӱԷҪЮأԼѣֻӦʣֻҪǲ˺ӣʲôӦǡ˪ױ
ôصĻ˭뵽̫Լױ
ԼĻڳ˶죬δţҿѹҪһ
ʱ˪˫Żԥ̫
ǰɡԼȻ
˿̣УûʲôӵҪ
Եؽʹ˸ɫԷ⣬ǰ
ؽסһ˲䣬һ֧ಡشӴƷƫбعᴩĲѪ岽
ؽֱͦͦص۾ŵġ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǽɨ޹ĹŮͻȻһӣɳ޺¥ɱ⧲
ʱƴ룬סԼǰȼݣ̫泼룡


86 ܼ
ʷһ˲䣬 ѲؽߺԼ±ɱҲߡ
˵һ㲻ǲܵģ ߬ƣ Լǧ㣬 Ψû㵽з ûϵı˼ܣ Լӡе
ԭͰŷڴһڹУ֮ԵȵڲжΪ˴ӋϳûػϾǲŴ̫̫ǼʹŮЩﰵѵʿԱʱ֮衣
һĻ֤δȷģ Щó
Ȼ˻ʱϾ
û 
ǣһָǼʿԼ뿪йһ¸Լȥ׷
˭֪Ÿһ޺¥ɱ֣˫չɱ йѪɺӡ
Ŀ΢һɨ սȺвދ֪Էʹ֮ƣ޺¥ͻΧע ΪԼȡʱ䣬 թ
Ǿһںţ
˼ˣ ֪սһ˳йŷɱȥ

αװɹŮʿǻԼһ˴ҳΧǰŲ֪Ǻβðգֻߺţһ·Ⱥ˼ɢɱ֣ڶʿ˳оա
ۿйĺŽǰȴӭȻһ·˴ċ
ԭ緮ϣôɱһӿŴסԼԸߵȼӺͻΧȴ֮ײҲӺų̫ˣɵø̾һ䡰첻ҡ
ȻЮ̫ΪʣͲӲȥˡ
Ŀʱɱӿ֡
ǰŮʿһգ̫ߣཻǣ
Ļ·һźţ˷׷̽Ϊһ飬Χһǵ״ͬĽǶȳӽ
Լ̣ת˪һӲֻӴܣȴֲ巽ײɢ
ɳ̫αװɹŮŮʿеٮٮߣ֡սӦƵǿġ
ȻǶϋҲòһ
ԼĽƾڹʽ㽫˵Ľ۶ϡ
ɱǣһؿһ۵ϵʬ壬Цһ
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Ů˵ȴ󣬋˦˼¶û˦Ը߰νͱ-ԷË
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˴ˡ֮Ǿ뿪йɣһȵûפڸؾɾˣԸ߳û顣
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֪ǸոձǼʿסֽţҲ÷һ˶ڴ˴˵Լץס̫˳
뵽ӷߺ޵ؿڣݣ޲ýʬΣ
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ڵ߷ɣЩһͷǽϣߴſڵĺüƿصء
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רΪһлֻ¸ղһ¾㲻߹ҲҪϼ
Ǽڳ˴޷޲ƽ֮ȫһӿϡ
˵ȾٶѻʯѴ֮㽫ɻˣ˲ء
˾˹룬Ҳˣ˿ûס׼ˡ
һɲǣ׹޺¥ļǸͻȻѪС
㵵ػͷֻԵԸֽ߳һ̣
ܵؽһƫһʶԼǱˡ
ӫȻˮŵѪԸߣסҧгݡ
ʵոձԷеһ˲Էɣ֮Ը͵ϮȻ֣Ҳ˲ᡣ
ɋȻŭɶԸҲܱġ
Ը߿ȳѪѵϰҰ߶꣬ΪľǽաұͲˣˮһ˵
ۿԼˣսȥûкýһڣʱڿն𡭡
ڲֹһ֣֪֮ԷʼʩϾṦ˵ãʹѱ鷳ˣ
ͨԸ߼æ
ͨǹһͬΪǹĿǡ
׼ʮ˦ʮһڰнֽŸס˺һ㱻ֱקص棬ͬʱʮѵĲϣ
㾹Ȼ֪ͨŵε֪ģܣ޺޵ضԸߡ
ìжܣƣԸ߲δش𣬡үΪԼǹ޵ˣ
ʱǰӸµؿŋϯϣźǰʧǣΪʶ볤źǰǰ͡
˵ţһ֣ߣ


87 ѿ
Ǽڴ䣬 ݸԱӭ¥ڣһһܼ¡
һ뵽˿̵Ĵûа˯⣬ һδߣ ݸҲԼȥ˯ ˾ôһҹ
ֱ һſڴߴݸѡ
Ȼ͸ȴ֮ķ϶ǿԿ龰ġ
ݸյһƣ ֵֻ߼С͹ٱǷִ
ô춼˻
ÿ춼ʱˣƾʲôǣСǺܲϾʳҪƷʣʱһ˾ˡ
վϵļڴ䣬 ӺѾϣ˵һɲţһȥٱû
ڴϰʲô£
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СԭȴϹٱͻȻưѽһΣʱ֨ˡ
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ɫ쳣أӺǶϲһҹ֮Ȼϣ ǰмӣһǿʼжˣ
ô죿߿ܣüһҲûа
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һƽ̨һĹʽ
̨Ϻ˵ʬ壬ݸ·ϵĻҳŷӻ֣𣬸ɵƯ
˻Ӧ
һͷĻоİӰӡ
һɭȻϼСѾͷŵʹṦһԾ¥ݣҵθﰡһǸϽܰɣ
лҪ˵
лĭ䡱ӪҺȣ


88 һ˲
峿 δɢȥ
һ۵Ҵʻޭ깬ķϯܾƶˋϴ纣ʱʽлнʱ ȴһ
Ī ϼ㣡ԵһӴĿġ
纵֣ ˷ǰس߾ ӺߵǱ޳ĪõܴΪչԼŮ ǿŸӺǡ
һ·ŪԽԽƲֶŮ˵⋪Ҫ
ʮ֮-šĵ̬Ⱥȷϯϴʴʣ Ϊ̽ϵķӦ
ܶ˶ȸˣǲˣƷô֮Բܵɡ
壬 ΤұۣΤһҷ𣿡
Լ˫°ͣĥƬ̺̾˿㸸ָϣ Ƶ һ빬쳣˵Ҳʲôðֻһϡ
⣬̲סԿ˵Ҫͱ빬ˡǴصĹ ʳ֮»ԵҾ֮£ һȥˡ
˵ţƿ ׼гͣ
סᶨҡҡͷһҪϹˡ
һŴʾƺ󣬼Сֱޭ깬ȥ
Сϰ䣬һ·Ҫò׽˵ţԶԶؿ㡰ͨϣҪźв֮ģҪ
δ䣬ȴһסֽţŹڵϣ۾͸ץסˣ
׼˵زóѡϴǰţҲˡתߵӣɫһ䣬ȻйϴҲô޹ص˽˹ء
֪纳һҲ֪۵Ļŵġ
ʱİһݣСŮһԣСŮ˴ǰһʮ𼱵¡ǰس߾֮ǰǧڲڣԽӺȼü֮Ҳ֪ġ
ͷ֪Ͻİš
ԭƻڼîʱӺǣڳʱˣʲôҲûУǳʲôʶСŮ飬ϼ̳Ӻǣ
һϯδ¶һ˿ʧ룬һԭϺıȻѾͷҲ֪
壬¹ش󣬲ò岻Ҫ롣Ľ͵
ӺȻͼƽϣֻµ񣬾Բֹۣ˳ȫسӺǻǸֵ⡣
ɡޱض˵꣬תʷڣĸǱΣ
̫˪ҵˣѾǰڱԺĿǰûҵʵڲ̫гǣҡ
ͷôɡ
䣬廨ċͻȻתۼվ
վԸߵһע⵽˲ɫ䣺ǹ죬ݡ
ǹһڴ˹аޱȣҶת𺦣Եɺ֮£ǹű;ʦãԼȴϰҲϽµĵȥѧ
͵֣˴ŭ⵽٣Ҳ֮ϳʦš
Ժ󣬴аǵҰ
ϵԭ߹ɱ𣬴ͣЪû˹һʦߵˣҲ̽˽аʲôز
ܹͨǹԸģʵҲ֤˵ûдȻ˭Ҳŋ֫ס¾Ȼͨ
̫̫ͻȻ⧲
ʱͬʱа-彣أͬһԭתڿն𣬰һβڶġɳɳΧһȦ̼ȫر
ֳ彣ӰǰмЦֻ֪һ֪ͨȻǹĿǲ٣ȴֻܿƾųµǹ򣬿ʮɡ
Ը뷮ڶ˴ͬʱӽǰǿҪಫˡ
δܣӰ಻ӳ͵ĽסڵľڣžֱԼһ˲䷮˴գϰֱײ˵Ŵ
ǰغ󱳽⵽ػʹѡƴȴһԸߴ˸֮󱻋ⲿк󱳣һſӶҲˡ
Ͽܣؿǿʹ󺰡
ȻΪʱٶȸ죬תۼǰһԾӰĽֱָأ


89 һ
ϣĿķܲرס ǰԼĺ󱳵סһ̣
ŽĶĵıʱʹ࣬ Ĳ֪ΪĪһ
֪ⲻǶģ ΪֻԵģ ԼϲǰŮӡ
ֻδ뵽仹˸ԸԼ Ϊ֮ݣΪ֮
˼תʵͬʱ ƿ񣬡ءɲǼʡ
âӳڵķ֮ƶϡ
һأ顣
Žɳʵһ̣Ћĸ һ岽
ڳ׼ʱƴ ҧӳڡڿдתһЋĺ󱳣
˫ĿȻԲζ˶١
·һ㡣ֱضŋǸڸһ࿴ ֻ ԷѾʼɢ
ؿڣڴڴ
ΧһƬžԼš
Ϣصȥ
ȷ϶ԷûϢջ⣬ ģôˣ
΢üͷչ Щ⣺СŮ˸׸Ľ˿ף ޴󰭣ֻǼ򱻴ˡ
ֽķ𣬼ԷҲɫЩף˻ǿվ԰
ǶԷΪ˾˻ΪҲù
뵽ϾǱˣòܴ⣬㽫˵һ鿴ơ
ˣϣֻƤˡĸее㷢̡վδŮӣܶԷ˼ĺˣɬҲġ
ȥƽ˼᣺ù˿
⻰С¹ײһҲҶ
һĵļ粿ʱ²ϵ֮⣬ʲôҲûУ
ղѾˣ˿׵Ķ˶ˣΪһ˿ѪûУʿģ
뿴ʱںԸ߶ѻ˶ʮʬԣ··֡
ԣ˵ֱ¿ģߵߡ
¸ոڼûҴߣ䷢ЩĲ϶һϸĺߡڽһߵͷһߣ˿ǰ
һۣתԸߣõǰ֮ǰ

Ը߻䣬˵ǰ¸ոҲ鿴ˣޱȡɱ˵ĻɱѪ٣˿ڶԷ֡ϿСļ粿ȴûѪʵеģֻǳѪСָԷֶѡ
Ѫ㣿
˿̣˽˳˼
ΣȻվ˼㱣ҵʱǡһС㡭ʬ֮Ƕ룬˵ҵʱ߻ħűġô꣬һֱţҵһ½ףӲʲôа߻ħأҵӦڋ֮ˡ
˵꣬ӵ벻ףҵ͋ԩ޳Ǹʱ򋪚δ볯ãδı棡ΪҪҵ´˶֣Ϊʲô
ʵѲ˴𰸡
ΤˣضǷΤ£ǰ׷͵ʱʮĳҹ빬̼
ԭǷδдһٵگ鲢Ķһ٣ΪگǸģǸԵģ
ʵϣʱȻѶѪͳģŻƴһΪ¾
Ĵ·񣬱ػøܴΤ뵱ʱԼҲһԣײŻᱻΤɱڡ
ֻ֪ЩıĿܡ
ֻһССĿԣͱ
ֻܻλȹ̺ΤȨ
εȴһǷʶʲô
ֻԷǲ֪ѯʻǱʵĻһʱ侹޴룬ֱӶԷ۾˵Ҳ޴Ӳ𡭡㸸׵黹ݺɣȰ̧ȥ
Ⱳ˵һ仰仰÷òףҲԼ뷮֮˺һѿڡ
һ̿ʼԭ̹˵ֵҲΪ˽٣ŽٵļǱ˴ҲսнԶ
ΣһԲ֪õСؾ֣˾䣺ϣʱ˰ɣ
ǣʶϴĴڡ
Է˵ûȷٵˣ񻢷֣þ취ټפ
ڴʱڵĸ˺ʹҴϣޭ깬⼯˴ӣ
һϲֵȼˣоˣ
üͷһ壺ӣľӣ
ԣûлĵΧפиҲΪŵǧ缰ʱɺϵسӺǾȼ
ȼݵؾǱһǡ
˺͵ĻشҲӡ֤ƶϣؾЩűӼжٶȿӦǾӡ¿ǰͷĺǡࡣ
䣬һε˵ϡ
ڰ˼ֻѰȥ
лҪ˵
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90 
ࡣ
ϱţ Ҫȴ뵽ԼҲŴ˽
񲻹ҪĿһΣԼֶŮСпܲԼҲͰˣ ѾͷҪи̵ģ ô׽ѽ
¼ ˺ͼ˵š
ʱ ΤΧסޭ깬 ڹͬµҪͻΧȥǲˡСŮ飬ɷ񽫻СŮСŮ취ӳӺǽϢݸؾǰȼݣ
̾ŷԣ򲻿ɣһң ܳʲô£εҪܽһСŮӣ
˵ţ ϽѾͷûʶĪ
һԡļ˵ȥ׵ġϡǷԷᱻԷһϳ ȴᱻע⵽ ΪǸûҡ
˵˳Ĭͬʱȡ
ĵϥأ𾪲ѵĿ˫Žӹö硢ȴϣСŮС

ݸӭ¥㿴˾ۼڽͷβ۽¡
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ݸûȺУ¶һصı飺˵ĶԡȻΪ£һ¡
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Ӻǵ˶֪ӭ¥ǸʲôģԶĿ˶ͷйô
ۿһԴ˹۾ɵôģݸһĪ˷ܺСʱˣǿݼʱ̣
Ҫ
ݸտڣΧԵȻûӦʲô
ѽȻ췴ţؼСѾͷ㵸ôӺǷǣ˾ǳμϲԼҪλ
ڋְΪգӺڵĿ̫ݸôһ˵Ųɡ
Ӻǵţ
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˵ӺķΪʲôҪȫǽأû¡
ʣݸһص飬Ŵ-ȣҪľһ뿴Ӻǰĸ֪Ҫ췴ҪĴλɹƱػǸϾɱڣ
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Ջ磬Ըɵó
Ǵ·һ
ݸɿ𣺡ҼǸõϢȻҹҡӺǰǾٴȥˣһԣϽɣ
Ѿѽ˵ǸⵣϴүŶţбȥ
Ǿͳȥүû˵ôǸԱһС˵
ԣһȥ˵л·ֻ·һ
ߣȥţ
˵öԣһȥ
ԽԽ࣬峯ӺǵıӵȥݸڶĩβΪԼ˴Ĵָ
ܿ죬һ˵ӺǵıţԤ֮еرٱ£ʲôʲôϼڴ䣬ȫǽϣһɲ׼ǣ
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ƽѹ̰ǲ㣬
ǲô׺Ū׷Ҫ󼴿̿ǳȥسǵյĻ˫ĳͻң
ۿһٱ-ݸۼֿ죬һöʯ˹ɳԷ䡭ڣ
СѾͷ׼ᣬһҳ尡
ͬʱٱǰνϰҲʾľĳľò˵ò˵
Ѹټһ˶࣬ʼš
سǵЩиì֣κιѲڣҽ֮Ҳʩչ
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нţȻԼġʲô˾ͲҪˡݸЦô޹Ȼһ̵͡һѪǰĹ-ƺһȥ
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µĻ˵ݸӺǱų£һԻŲ·
һ۳¥ɢȺݸ˿
ʹڳңӺǴңѿ֪ǱΡ

һϣޭ깬ڶҹͳسû˻һССӣŻ˳شӺŴѡ
뿪ޭ깬󣬿һ˽ϣȴǰȻĴСʱҳһţЯҴǱȥ
ǰĸеãȻ޴룬òסһӣտں塱ӸϽعͷ˵ˣϿ߰ɣӺϾҪˣ˵ղűſˣһæŸأ
ĲԣֻøȺӿǱȳ㡣
ϻû㱻佣ʿ£Ҫ
ﰵһϾ˼·ͳذױ㳯Ϊ֮˴ȥ
ȻţȴվֻǸ书Ůӣذ׻ûԷı߾ͱ䣬Ȼ㱻ɿס
ǣǼ˺ܿѵ˻
Ĳ̾ʲôʲôֺԼδѧһаʽίԵΣԽԽļ١
Ϊ׵ʿùö̧ͷ΢һЦŮװȻ⡭ȥ
һԷᵽΤﲻɵһԼȻ֡뻢ڣǸӲҪЩ˿ֵֿһᡣ
ſңſ
ڿļǼ˴֮ʣΪ׵ʿͻȻƺһز
һȻֳֳ֣ƯĻתӰ֯硭
Ǽ˵עȫڿϣûⶸȻɱһˣֲ⧲֮½Գ˶ԷĽ꣡
˿ǰ˾ͼǲķѶʱ䡣
Ϊʿ𻢷һĵɴ۾ֱ㶵ؿһȻ벻˼ı飺֪ˣ̫ӵ
û뵽ģδϵԷһʶԼݣװһʶԷӣǰߵԷǰʶң
̫ӵ˭˲֪˭˲Ҳ֪㣬һ֪ϵĺѣһ䣬ʶԼЩͻأ΢΢ͷعϽŮԽҿġ
ԭ彫ŮˣлȻ֪ʲôˣֻΪ˲ɣŲòװͿ
ļ֪ã֮Էո־һʵ˵ʵޭ깬ˡΤ˴ΧΣϱ㽫ңȥ總ľӡ
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֮ǰݸɿճɧңؾעļıҲ֪ûá
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ǸǺãײڣЩʶĽٶȥ˱߾ͷʹ󳼣ǶӺءһĪչûã޴ˡ
һ˼⣬ʵӺǸǷסʲôǸ߹٣ԾҲУ
ӺǸţܿ۾һƽ
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˵꣬⣺Ƿʶ㣿
ʶģ˵ͷҵĸǳ֮ƽͬΪˣʶҲһֱáƽÿ궼ǼͣСʱأ
ˣáüͷչԿ֣µ㼴̴ŻȥҲƽѰİȥУҪ߱ҡ
ĺɻ󣺡Ϊʲô
ӣܶʱʹҲ桭ЩᣬлȴʼԥŸò˵ڡ
ĵͷغã׼һ̳ǡ
ʱͻȻ鲻Խغסȵȡ
ͣ½ŲתңңŶԷ
¶һ㣬΢΢һһúô
ݸһЦǱȥ

ӺǱʮ
ؾӪ
缧֮ǰϣ뵽˲ƽٸϵӺǱ--ӪԸפ䡣
λ佫һ壬ͬǾң˵ڳϾѫɸ壬ӵϽҲھְȻϻǸʤһ
ƽͿ˵Ӻ˵ʵĩųзɧң֮ǰӺǲ鿴顣λԵƬ̣ĩ˲ûˡ
˵ţһСҴӺڷɧңɢӡץ˼ˣʵ֪ӺƷҡ
С˵꣬ƽĲɵ
Ӻ
ٲȻѷʱΧޭ깬ͼϲ߲ӦΤô
ڿļʱ˵ԭίɽΤˡ
ȻֻǾһеȼĽ٣ҲûλгõķݣʾЩûжţҳȷʵɧңפζӲܵġ
ǣȫ࣬ӺǼо

Ӻǡ
ޭ깬
ʱͬǰԶԶȥȻѹѹһƬһɫ-űʿֳֹ-ʸìķâŰ⡭
ڹ۲һΣΤ˺ѾΧ˸ˮйͨޭ깬ڱصˡ
뵽вԼԼܹˣвأԼѽ֮⣬ǹﻹϺ̫󡭡
ȻȻ˵ޭ깬ѹر㣬ڴֻסţԮܿͻ
һȳ˽Եͷǣ
Ϊ֮ơΪûʲôƲˣõ˶ˣֻſСܹ˳ӪصӺǸפԽԽá
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ϻǵ˵𣿡˺һС˾䣬һۺΪ˷ڵĸ֡
ޱƳһָۣǰ߸ߵĹǽţȥԡ
˺ͻȥˣԼѡһλôãδǽһ֦Լͷ֦ϣȻš⡱ӡ
СӹأƶϹǽСȥðգԲŷĴ󵨵ϡ
˺ڽӽǽͷͣûϳ¥ǽԼͷٹǽͷӶԶԶȥ̽Դһ㡣
˺ͻͷڡٺ١һЦԹϼڴ񣬶Ⱦ˽԰Χ𣿡
δ䣬ಡһһ֧˸ź˲䴩ͷ
׼Ȼ˺ͻССؾһ£վ޹ڡ
ʱ˿̣Τѱơһʱڹޭ깬ÿͰٽ𣡡
ϾҪˣҪۻǻһ𳷰ɡˣزס
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ΤѾʼˣƳ׶һһصײ-ž޴Ĺţ
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˵ţǰһסš
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˵Ҫǻ˺䲻󣬵ҲϹսˣʶ̣
ʲôȥȻסڱǣڴһ
֪ԽʱԽҡ
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ҲԶһˮָһЩ˸˺ȡˮΧһЩСĻ磬ԼȥȥҿܲѰ
Ͼޭ깬֣ڴ˾ٲȻǶӵĴ㣬ûҵ̫Ƕϲ뿪ģִ̫ⲻߣϡҲߡ

֮ǰæҺ֮ʣʵĺҲԼ
Ȼʱдң·־İˣֻһֱӺ档
֪ǷĺӺ̽Դһſ׵Ĵ·Ѱʲô
ڣһϳԷߵĻڣӺԷһ߻һȥ
һתȻӳĻûüϲȻɫһ䣬󺰵Ե
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ż-ʸӵ˲䱻ͬһ㣬Ϣص˷ڵǰ
ۿһᣬڼҧ´һӲǱ˻ȥ
ʵ֮䲢ûʲô飬ֻССǰܣҲ޷ͻ
ⲻһսսҲϲᲨôСĺӣ
ǿӵ𣬵ײײȥ

ޭ깬⣬Τ˫ָڱ󣬵ؿƳ׶ײš
ʱˣſȥɹ
ΤɫƽһҲż
ȻûҪļλע֮żӦǶԷ
ʱһܼļ-ʸͷϿԽֱĹǽڣŹŷһŨð
Τ󾪣Ͻͷļȥ
˹ָӹ-ַż̧ۼΤδüԷʵ˭ŵļ
¹˷ŵġ
˹䣬Τٴʣ˭żģ
¹һԣӺǲ֪ιʷɧңǶˡ޷ʱޭ깬ϣȸؾһתǿɾ֮ˣ
ӺǵָƣõѣΤʧأ˿ȴɵôָ˹꣬ûбκ˲÷żŻٹһϺ̫иô֪ʲô
˹̲ס࣬ľƲһ˼ܡֶκ㱻ЮҲѱǸǶ϶ˣ뱣ȫԼǧ˵ͳˣϵ԰Ƶϣ޶֤
žһ⣬˹ƫһߣΤ߶ͬСɣΪǺͲϵķּۻһعô죿عˣ˹ֵ˺ã
Τʢŭ˹Цҡҡͷ¹ٱΪɱϣƵһۣû뵽վǲףؼʱ˸֮ʡ¹ٶԣȻܱ
ξͲˣԼ·ɡˣȥΤ˵꣬ʿǰ˹Ѻ¡

ҵʱ򣬶ԷΣޭ깬-֮ϣءϥ֮䣬˫ִڽϣ֪ڱĿǾصȴ˵С
ϡڷŲ漴ƳĬſҪزסˣĺѾʸɱ£ûܾȻǡ
ԾһԲ
Զһ޴죬ţɱ뵶ײ֮
Ҳ޷ֵϽ˵ƣϾ컻ϱ¼̻Ϻ̫
ǰŲػصڼžĵڡ
һ̣Ȼһ֮ĩ·
ӵĶȥأӳޭ깬ӵóӺôӳӺǣӳع˽ȥĶأ̾һˣվǱȲΤ⽭ɽȻġ
ڣڵ˲ˣټ衢ͬһˡǴصսҲ
ԱϣǸ߸̨ϣˢذγǰ彣ء
һ󣬽дźâӰ˳λָĴţȿԸһս
Ը׷ϣɽ𺣣η壡ڵʮʿԵϥأش
ජŴֲԾսڵĽʡ
˾ѾݣֻҪޭ깬ĴһƣԼһǰȥɱǶ١
֮ڣ÷·һƬëü
ûһ̱ڸȻɡ
󲻹Ǹ
ˣΤ޼ƿʩˣΤҲӮˡ
뵽оһУǾ΢΢
أӼĺŽһʱɱ졣
ΤѾΧĹţޭ깬˿̴ŽǵĲǵзѵ
ŽɵؿڣԷӯӯϲ֮ɫԱԮϣԮˣӮˣ
΢΢˻Σסǰѡءģյø
ǰӮˡ
Ӯˣ
ǰһ̣ƶԼҪȥأѪɽӵĴ㡭
ⳡԱ˴ΪעУͦͷΤΪյӮҡ
ɱ˷֮󣬽Ϣġ
ޭ깬Ĵ⣬һӻϣϤ𣬳ǰӭʥݣ
ںɵڲƽţɱϾδ棬ʱǲܵġ
˵ͷ˲ֹһμƽȷʵŰɡ
šءʣҫ۵âԳֽߵһζԼҽԹƽ
Ż򿪣СӰһĨɫӳ͵Ļ綬ůݱݱһ
ϣĲһеػסܶǰ֮˵š
ôҲ벻һڻǿģԷһһʵʵӵʼδ
ƽ£̫ˡţ˫۲սԼһ֣ԷͲƵġ
Ľü΢΢չǳһ£Ȼḧſĵһͷ˿û¡лл㣬Ҳ㣡
˻飬ǿǧһ֮һǿĹؼʱͦðżķûפڸؾӮ˱ΤˣһͿ촦Ҳͳ˵ǽޭ깬ΣֵĵһһҲΪ
ƽſĽһǰ۹ݣ˫ַϻݼϣѳΤѱҷƣſ˴룬ܡֽϡ
ƽȼй˶ص㡣֪ʾԮȵĽǺˣӹ̧ʾԷ
ϣɽƽش
Ҳɡ
ĩμϣһνҪƽļ̨Ҳ
ƽ̶ڵȻû㣬֪񽫾ĶӡɼǻȮӣ
ߵװл
ƽ˿ɫ˵ӺǾѾܵƣʱδ֪мڴ䣬Ӻٰ죿
һӣӺ󣬼̾бǡ
ƽԣݵּƼݼ̨ܼӹʽ
ƽ䣬䡢ڡԼ˽Թд
Ź⣬̤ǰѪȾĵ桭
ƵĵȫѪζûɢȥĴɢĵź⡣
Ӿһ̤ʬɽѪ۰׹ǣȨ֮֮ۡ

ٳףĺشʣ˫ֽһǰ
ӳ󼴿˥΢Ѿãȴһֱ
Ƴǹ͸һۣδȥӣ򶫷ֽء߾ٹͷ
ڳٹٽһ㶣򣬽ͬӴء
̨ȫǹȺɽڶעĿλղĿعδ֪Ľ
ݸ߰ɡվԶ˵˾䡣
ݸƵؿԵˣŸոտʼһļڴ䰡
ƽˡעĳ򣬼
ӽİΪߡ
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ҲǴһ̿ʼױۣΪУݣ


91 侮ʯ
ڴһ ƽȲ˵Τѱ£ʱȺĴá
һ۲ƽ κ΢ЦǱԣ Ѻ
ʲһԲ ƽ͸Է˼ ΨֶԷ˸֮ʶΤᷢ䣬̬ ϲѡ
ʱΤǰֻɫȻƽﲢް
Ǳһлصǰϳʱ
û뵽δ ΪӵĲƽȿڵΤ˰Χޭ깬 ͼıõ
Τб˲ƽһۣЦδһԣѾⶥı桯ñӣ Ȼ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ʿ ΧҰģȻҡɣ޿ɱ粵ʵ
ƽ˵ǰȷǱΪ ϡɱԼϵſǰΪƽѾȼݣ Ұ֮˵ǲƽûпڣ ֵ޹ְ֮ڴ˵ģΤ㽫ƽƿԣ첱Ӵ֡
ʵҲǹ⼤ŭƽģ˿һͿأİı۴Ʊۼˡ
ŭƽöԷڶ֣ɵϾƽҲʲôƲ磬֮£ԸԼĸЩ±˷
·Τ˲ƶԷı۴ͬƶԷΪƽһ
Цƽ粻Τ˭ŵģߵĻô࣬ѵǋΪ
ΤһЦΪȻսˡ
˺ЩҲ̲סˣܲ˵شӷָΤƥô۾˵Ϲʱƽ֮ңޭ깬Χˮйͨϳ¥㱻һǲıʲô
һ໰һ˵ãʱֳ̫ңûȷ֤ݼ֮Τˣʱ˭Ҳȷʵ޷䶨˺΢ᣬôǰʵֲ졣
Τϵؿû˺ֻͣ˵˾䣺֪˭ˣΣʱ̱£ұ˷گȲţԿȥϡ
һﲻЦΤƥһܴɣҲͿˣڰ׵ߵ˵һҵ϶ʣ
Ҳ˶Τʮֱģշ޵ྐྵǸҶϣʲôõġ
֮ᲽΤǰߴվǰλֻˡ
˵ΪڶԷˣ׵סذˣȨҫȫΪУʲôûˡԼ˿Ҳ
ȻٲȻѾһеȴڴؿ·ڿһ뼺޹صĺϷ
ͻȻΤڶģԷǳһУĸĹԼĶע
쵽ΤͼɫȻһ䣬ɫѸٹƽڣȷǹٸǰޭ깬ȼݵġ
Ļڳ˷׷׾°ͣҲ˼⡪Τıǰ϶£ҶĿãΪҪŹ
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ϡĸҪھͱ纰£ļסС˵壬Τֶ̫̫ΣܷŻɽţ
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һζ֣ҲǿжֻҸʱԼ뿪

ޭ깬Σѽ⣬ҲϤʾ鶼ѽ¾кü׮ֵġ
ԼĺѶʣ֮һֱȲˡҽةʩǼҩҲûɫԼԾʱʱ˯
ҷǰ̫Σ˵̫ǰ˲СľţĹȣӶ³޼һΨľſȬϣ
ԼĸԲȻǣֻռ·ڶ࣬ټޭ깬-ºҪΪ˵ǰǹչԼԼһռδۡ
鷿ڣ㱨ܱߵıϣѾŪˣϽڲȵǧǱΤſͶ½˹ڣԹûܼʱԮǧѷؾӪ
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Ҫ˵ľɽƺӵģ⼸ڰе顣ڱ˵߽ޭ깬һڵԹĿ⼸æҹľٶ˺Ͳ䷢ֵġ
Ŷһ̧ͷ޶֤ˣô飿
̫ңҷ׷ɢ룬вۿӴ̫סܳһһһߺĸ󡯡ʶͣһ¡
⵽鲢ޱ仯żȻŹ·ҲɣοǴ̫סĹܳ
Ļھûн˵ˣԣĿǰδãĸȻָ̫ԼܺԼһĸ󡱵ģԼֻȥĳԡ
˿̫˽һǺסˡ
ʱʼģ˶ãϵ౨Ƶһߣ΢̧̧
֪ȥ顭
ڻ䣬ҡҡͷˣæģ²ùˡ
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飬ѳɶִ̧֣˷ڵĻ䲻ǵˣ˷˵Ŀڣʱá
ٽײߣϳһ㹻
䲢壬һҲңܶʱǣһȫЩΪҪȨ뷴ġ
뷨Ҳһ֪һ뵽̫ʧӣҪ˽-ͨվġ
֪ݵ˼٣ҶԼˣֻỳɵĸͷϡ˱˳ˮۣһ˵ǡ
ڵ˼ʵãȻգգۡ˳ˮۣʲô˵
֮ǰĸ닪ֳ֮ԣ˵˵˽ӡִʣ赭д
ֽչסԼΪ类֪ΪӣΪصľҲֻܾø֮ǰȣʱҪȫ֡
һ㷮ڲǲףֻ˵ʱĮȻ䵭²ؼıеĺͷβĺ
޷ֽԼĸ˼⣬ǿĸװȻʧɴվ֮οӲΪ̫ûи顣
뵽̲סȰɵ˼̫Ѿʧȥ˺ӣ
ڣʲô˼ȻվĿȻ䣬ͱǰӣͬĸùô̫ˣǲǣӵȷ͋ûйϵ֤ĸĹ˶ˣĸڹ˱ˣͬĺӹ˾ȲһȻЩ£Ӧ֪
ļɫһԣһվñֱֻ޷ǰˡ
ǸӰ롢ĺӷ·һҹ֮䳤ˣҲҪıˡ
бעԽԽԶ
΢̧ǰ֮ңȴÿԷˡ
ڣ֪㵣һôˣĸԹޡȥɫ˻ĸ֮ĸҲһˣںӵǴ⣬ĸ󲢷ǲ֮ͨˡѶ֮δΤ
Լǣǳ˼ǲܡǲԣ㱨յĹз֮ˡ
鷿ڣӳĹӰ
ֱȽĽŲҲųغһеһ̱
֮ΪԼ޿ء
ֻǋģΤκǣ
֪ʵԼΤ˽ӣ֮ǰּϭԼѪͳҲ⵽ɡ
ôҲֻô
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Τǳ׵̨ˣ Ŀһ𡭡
ͬΪٵĲǰΣ񶼷׷֮ޡ
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ԭܼ򵥣 ΤعĿã ع-Ѿ ˵ͷͲóûλµڵ Ϊá
Ӧȴһҹ֮ͥУַǷ
ң罥
ĴѾرգΤһվڴߣִһöȴٳûӣ Ŵҹɫ֪Щʲôȴʲô
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˵ͽ԰յţȴҹã߳· ҲѰ֮ˡΤ˵꣬ ת
ǰ˸Ȼժ¶ңϵİڻ谵ķڸĿࡣ
ΤЦЦϷѱ⣬ ڼң Ѳʲôˣ̫ӵƺϷ򡣡
ҡҡͷֻҪԸ⣬ ࡣ
ΤʾԷҲΪԷ˱裺ǿͣ㣬̫ӵȳϷϵĲΡ
ԣһڣüһζ̫
ǳʱģʱŨϷͣһʱ͹ѵͬˮˡΤԼҲһڡ
Է֮ˡΤȥְĲֹһʵΪСжٳΤĶ
²յɫȲǿ൱Ϊܾˮ𣿡
Τ̹ԣҲɳʹ߽н棬óһЩԻϷϡ
뿪عʹäĿػɵ˾ٷẦ࣡
ɫصļΤ룬һЦ̫ӵµĿھϷ뿪عʮþˣ
첻ģ첻Ҵƽ̨첻ʱ죬ɴԼݣ̫֮࣬⣬һݡƽ̨
ֱݣǳڳ⣬ͬʱҲĳ롣
ˣ֪ôѡ
ΤϴǰһϮҫۣȻɵ꣬κ󣬿Цſ̾Ϸڼû뵽©㡣ϸʼһֱϣҲǺѲ˸ϵ
عìأֻƲֻлϽͣпѨ֮ӹ
ΤԣЦ˵úãһ̫ӵǱ̲Ϊ㣬Űƭô˫۾Ϸ򶼱ڹôãΪ㲻һ۵ӡϳҲ
ֲսɿ淢𣿡
淢㣿ΤЦһλıϷѾǴصһҲ޹ء̫ӵµĺ⣬ϷˣϷ򲻻ȥΪλƶԭ̫ӵҲȻͬǰְѵƾһܸ֮ı״ôˡϷֱԣϲҲûһȼ硣ʹϷ統һӡٴɺˣҲ޷ڵع⡣ΪͽʮսкãϷǸˣù
˴μҹ̽Τڹ˽ԸŶԷ
ҹһ̸ʶ̼ĩع
Τߣô˭Ҳǿߡ
֪⣬ʹ˱˵꣬Τ˸תȻȥ
ǰ΢΢ζΤ֪Ѿˡ
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죬ҹˮ
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ϣŲԽԽ
ΤȻζĲˮδתһŴӰɫһ߿ڣϷڸϵȺʱˡ
ųվ󣺡ٸûת֪ǹˣ
Τ²յһֻԸϣϷ񱻰⣬ЩǽŵϷ򶼼ˣǰõعڶϷΨֱ֮ϣ˭ʱϷĸϣ
ҲˬֱΤ£ٸǹˣƾһƬ־ͽޭ깬Ŀ֮°ıƲøɸɾ硣˷ʤٸʵ˽ҡ
˵ţһŰӷϡ
ΤЦЦҲһӣϹǫˣǹ̫ҲڱƵʱǰء˵ףֻܸԼܸأ
֮ƽо֣һԴͷ۲ѡȻʮֱ
ﷸѣȴ˵ٸǰᣬ嶼ÿÿڹؼ֮
⣬΢ͣһ£Ӱ˶ԷһƬǰٸһΪҽ󡣡
ΤŲæӦԣϷѧڣʵûʲôɽ̵ˡ̸ϣȫдɡ
ӳһ˫ǰҡҷĻ΢һŵٸĻ˹˽л֮ƣٸ³ıߣָð֮踶߱ܺ뽫ԴίΣ֪ǷУ
ἰ˹ΤЦ˹ʦ£оγ֮ţһĺȫ޶ڵķ䲢޲ͬܣϿԽ˹ͬʦֺǺӣܺƷ˹ܱ⡣Ϸʹʱй֮ԵϷҶԣ˲ϳɾʹҵѡ
ˡ˵ţһϺڰ˫ƣ´ƾͬһ㣬δչ٣ȻѶٸΪعһͳ֮󣬵ʵкֹ߷ܳξð
污Ϣʩ¡
Τ˵꣬ɵסκŲмؿڣΪٸжļ⣬Ծϵص
ΤʱĹ뵱ճս˵Ĳ޲ͬһΪԷʱֻΪ˸Լû뵽ȻΤһֱļ֡
ʧ£֮޵䷥֮ĻȺ֮Ŷ治ĵѡԹŵߵ£Īǡ
Ȼļվδ򶯹һ˿һľЦٸιʳƾ֮Ҫӵ֮ҴصİʦºܵУٸȹ˸ģĹٸϱٸ˹˵Ľأֻһ仰нǿϢֻҪһ㹻ǿ¼˿֮ƥУ
Τҡҡͷ̾һϴ˰㲢ǿʵޡ
˵仰Ͷ䣺壬˲ٸĶ֣һٽȥҲޱҪ
ϷԭΪҪȵˣ塣ϧˣоȻǲо֡ΤཫкӷУ̾
ĬĬΪΤһƣƿţڷű΢ͣ²ӣ˱ѧԳٸʹԴٸеĶԹʵټƽˡⱭƣ˶һаɡ
ΤǱƷŵʱɵ˳ǰ龰
Ǹ꣬˵Ǵ۾
ԷԷ䡣
Һһս
ΤȴЦˣȻֿɬЦ
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գ ³й˴æ˵̫Ѿˣ ˿Ҫ
˶յڷ£ 뵽ĸԼĴָ ȻĸԼ ӦԼ˰
ǣҲ ߸˵湬ǰǹ
һţֻԼһعڵڣҲ֪ڱĵϹ˶á
ɫÿˣٹ˼ԼĸڲУǶԹŮ̴ô̵ģ̫ĲûȬ ˵·ڵϣ̫
䣬 ԼޱؿڣˣҼҪôģ޹ء
һ㶣漴ӻù˳ȥ һߵԼǰ £ԷĿƽӣﲢɥ£ĸȴɣʵڲʱˡ
Լǿ ȴֱģ һ̶ˮҵķͺӶˣΪǷɥ
仰ܲ ŬԼأҲĸĺӡ
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ԼȻµؿߣӺιҲ㣬Ҷ㲻ãɱң
޹أԼΪĸ׵Ϊҿǹһ㣿Ҳ㡢ΤҲǵʱıЩʲôֻһ䣬ǵıʱǹҵĴҵĸܣ˵ҲıĲ
˻ߵʣԼЦδһ˿ϸƵ۽ǲỨ΢΢͸һĨұڿżɽˡ㲻һֱ֪˭ô
עԼĸףܴδԣʲԼȷʵġ
ȷ֪ԼҪ
Ǿĸ֪
ԼЦΪأ໹ҪɱΤΪԱ𣿲Ϊ֤ǿЦͳˣϧϧΪɱ˲Τܸıʲô𣿡
˵Լ˺󼸲ָǰ֮һһ䣬䣺㣬עΪ˵Цʷٵ̸ʡ
Լĸ׾񶾵سԼ
һ˲䣬ˣعʱߺ޵صǰϤޱİŮˡ
ƾʲô˶ôãΨԼˣ
ƾʲôĺˣȻܵõĸ׵һ㰮
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ԼĪ𴽽ǣЦ⡢次
ؿھҵ֪ΪԷЦǱģءٵĺ
Ȼһ̣˭Ҳû뵽ǣԼͦ͵ײ򡰶ءĽ棡
һжôͻȻ
֣ʱѪĽȾԼһ£ؿڴǴĿģ·һȻŵҩ
ŲǰסԼȥӣְסԷǰ˿ڣȴѪֹס
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ףף͸һ˿ǻ
ˣĻˣԲŻ᱾ܵغʱĳƺ
Ȼ䣬һֵãֵȥΤԼĸ׵ĹȥֵȥԹӣԷƫ˭ֵȥ⡭
һеһ˿Ѫ΢ĸȣôĲֵһᣡ
۷죬ǰеԼȴԼؿԽ͸ˡ
㱼䣬硢ϯ齡¯Լֳǰͣתɢ־ۺ
·þƽ˻ҽة

ϣݸڵΪĥīعˣеҽةعĸͷŴ¡ƣ֮ݰ
һִʵֲɵһëЩе䡣
תͷ׼ôʱȴݸ죬ЦõƤ֪»̲סĳˡЩҽةǹȥģڵܸ÷˰ɡ
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̫ΣڵϦ̫ҽڽʩȡȻӴߴӰһѵҡ
ѵ߽𣿡ݸͼǸҡڣ˵ӡֺþ˲𰡣
Ȼʵжֺþ˲𡱣Ҳûݸֱ򼧵΢½һֱڹ۲Ķ򡣽¿ҽةϵ֮ǰǹڳ̫֮⣬ֻһˣʱ·ϴѪҸ°飬ҽةǴֹѪĽҩɴ˿ƶϣ̫ܵǼصˣԭпйء
ݸˣһ˷˰ɣȻԼĸ׶Ź
ˣϡ
ڷϣȻֺγ̿֡
ǰΪָʱ˴໥໥ο໥Էůˣ
Ҫȥһ档˵ҴۣʱûʱȥԷҲûʲôס
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侲һ£ʱʵڲʺȥ̫һߣԴȴֲֻᣬڿ϶ҲڵǹóȻǰȥǲͱڼôԼĸ֣õˮ©ֺĿ֮ǰǹף̫أõҽةôɵĶ࣬Ŀǰ½ۡ
ع񣬼̶˵ͷ˵öԣҼͿˡ
Ȼץżݸ⿴ۣҲⲻˬſڣջʲôҲû˵
漴ҲʶԼĲףæɿ֣ȭһʧˡ
֪Ǹû˼⣬治ɫؿڣȥɡʲôҪʱ֪ҡ
ǡǰӰһΣѳӡ
ݸͻȻСͷƵĳ̾һһεؼĥī
ҹյʹʼ
ְİڷϾĬҹӰǡôΪһ塣
ֲ̯ģڸոջ˵
΢ĴУƺδȫȥ
ҹ֪ΪΣ˼ǧѹѹס
תڷŽ̧ҹе£һֻҹ¹еǡ
¼˼Цǣ˺˼֮ˣ
޷ڣݸѾ˱ӣתͷҪмЩЪϢȴ¹⣬ҹ˯𣿡
ݸ֪ʣѿڶֵһ㲻ְҹһҹ߲ݶġ
һ㶣ǳܵס
ԳСһ˯һҹǲܵġݸ˵꣬ͷǵ尴ƽˣҰ¸°ɣ
ĬĬվԼǰݸ£ĿȴԾƮ˴⡣
ҲֻСƬ̡
ǲְ֪Χȴûࡣ
𣬻ƽ̨һ
ÿһҲİһʮʱվݶڸӰﰵԹ۲⣬ȻרעؿǰԾĵ𡭡
֪˿̵ľǷҲһҹе¡
лҪ˵
лߡŴڣĵף


94 ˷
Լҹ Ҳ齱ҹ
յİճ²֮Ȼδȥǣ ԣ ʱ˿ûʲôԼĸΣҪڷε£ ǿ˼λس һЩʱġ
ϳϼ죬 һҲϣڴȨ󲻾ãǲɵġ
紦£һǹϣһü춼߲ݡ
Ҳ첻£ ۷ȰϢҲҡͷ̾Ϣ㻽˸һβʱ Ҵæϣ̫ˡ
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ظ̫Ѿѹˡ
ʱϲ⣬ıʱվ죡ȥǹ
һ·ϼСܣ Һͷڽ
˵ǹ һű㿴ŮѽԼ齱ߣϻű
ʱҿڵ̫˿ڲֻҪʱֹѪ޴󰭡̫Ҳˣ ԽйŮǷһ ɽǡ
£סԼ˫֣ ͵ػ˾䣺ĸ󣿡
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˵꣬˫ϥأͷһݣҽ𷣡
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Ҳ̵صͷǡ˲Ĳ޷ΣɳֻҪʱ飬˵˵ȥõ飬ǿԸƲġ
ǰõ飿
˼⣬Ȼǰһ˪ĸܾǰЩż𣿡
ϵĻ̫еĶһֱšҽղžͷԸūѾҳˣھøϡ˪˵űȥңһһһֻСż
ӹż˲㹴˶ʱĻ䡣ǣֻżݵԼǰĸ󣬻ǵ׼ʱĸ˷ãⲼżòüı߽ϸġ
ԼȻ˷ӦһѴżڻţĶ£ĸڣǲ²¡
ĵϲĸ󻹼ǵĺôҲһǵԼȫ񲣡
ĸ㿴ҡ
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˻һǹڶʱѻȸ
ǵˡĲҪˡ
ʲôǵãΨҳ״ļĨȥˡ
ʶһ㣬ȴ޴ǰĸʱǰ㲻ޡԹޣĴ˿ֻʣ¾ޱ޼ʵľ
һǡƱĳˮϯȫͷڰԨ
Ȼҡҡλ⣬һһǣ߱ߵ̫˽ͨӣڹʧڵǹ֮Ϊ̫ߡɱ
߳ţ⣬Ѥ롣
۾һļ£λһ£һڣһ̤ա

ӵ̨״µһĻŻˣʱҲںڵ⣬һ빬Ůشˡҽة֮ʣѳڽҡ
ˤͷڸߴ䣬ͷŵش̨Ϲ˵˵òᣬûһʮѣ˵ԼӦҲƽ޲ͬ
ȻԼˣӦ޴󰭣˽Բһ׷׸п飬커ӡ
Ȼ磬ȥްʾû¡ǡǡ෴һʵ൱أ­γһѪ
Ҳδ͸¶κˣڣֻһˡ
ѪʱʲôӰ죬ʱƲϼӾ磬Ҳ˵պͷʹһֱҲĥ塭Ŀǰҽ޷­ڵѪ飬ֻȿѪɢٵҩٴӳ顣
Լһ֮ǳ׳һ㣬ֻڸȪƣôü˯˵ذϡ
ǲȰȻ˲ҡ
ɥıѾ೯Ĳ̫һµĴʽʵ̫ģ˿˼飬Ϊ˺üһͬǰȪȰΪ̫֮½ԡ
ϻûĿĵأһ˾ͱڶڵ⣺δѣλ˲ڣذɡ
һԷ˵ֺˣһλͣ޻׵ĹԱôӵ۾ϼȻûѣϳͽȥѣΪһ֮ȻĺͿ£˭Ҳϳԣ
һ˵žҪǿнڼæڵſڣֵͷϣλʱ򴳽ȥϱضմŭʱֻ»ɱ֮
ڵĺȰ˵ǵûãԼ޶ָ
ơսҵʳ֮»ʧԵȰ̰֮أ
ǿɲܸ˱ȡСϣ϶Ȼ࿴
˵û˶ϵϲϰ߿νһ֪ĹȻᴥŭˣ
˱⽫˷ϣһ䳰ȷ
λγ²Ҫȷʵϣλ侲һ¡λ˽ǳ͢δĽɽ𢻹Ҫλ¿λв¡λ˲Ȱ棬ִⴥŭϣ
ڵĻδ꣬㱻ղŵһڵϳͷشϣе𿪣
ڻ˵ǣϾ֪Ƣԣ⼸Ҫǽ˵ȥ޻ˡ
ȻӲǰƿŭؽ˸Ȫ
ˣ˼ȻҲҲ˳಻ǡ
һԣֻȿڣϣΪ̫һǰ
ѾگΪ̫ߣɱλǲ֪£¾ף΢΢̧ۡ
Ȳǲ֪Ȼ̫ĸʵá
ִ̧ǵĻˡˡ
һ̣ڴһڼױ
ֱȥնʾڡ
ϡܶĽ׼ɷղִֿǼλѡ
ôϣܹջسǼλԵĳȷ
ȻԸΥתĿؿξΥ𣿡
ҡ֪ʱ˵ʲôҲ޲ˣֻԼױһ֣ȥ
Ǽû뵽˵ĻҲǱɱȨһϳ֮Բƿڴɱĸףعһ


95 ˺
Ǽ ǵûȺη壬ӶΪ̫Եͷ˸ķ߿֮
ǰͺ̣ Ҳأ Ϸԡĸַӵ˼¡
Ȫгǰʣ ǵĽ֮ǰǼλһ ʾڶա
ڴʱˣټȥ ֳһʧء
ҸˣĿзˣȰ
ڲ뵽˼һǱף֮Դʱıʺʹ ȻϾǣ˳ãҲһ漰
˼ã ֻþȥ塣
س߾֮󣬱㽻˱ȨһֱڼУֲݣżȥϹһ䣬 ǰó÷츲صı仯˿δӰ⣬ ڵĵҲƺ֮С
ԴξһְǹˣϷĲ衭һڱ˵ԺƷͻڼ뿪ڶƴڻȥ
һĲ ڻȻ򡪡Ͳ¡
㬵ڻع·ϣ һԹԼ
һᴦԲʱ϶ͲԽԶԽã Ըðŷֳֺõ飿
岻Ըͷ˳ͷٰ֮·ֻתǰ
ôҲǵѣԸܹȰס
һ˵Ľ㼱ˣˤ̨ףΪβңµ㻹𣿣
ݸˣԾѡ˳Ĭ
һԲȷʵûʲôɱ粵ģһֱȷе˵ӦǴʼգûжԼж¹֮ġ
һʹԼ侲ĿǰҪʵ
ϼԼͷϵףûд󰭡ǶչȥˣҽةҩÿհԼڷƾơһֻʵ֪
ҩôУԼϵϣתԷ˵ȥ

һ˯ѣڸѵͷۿտҲľףˣٸһ
䣬ͷֿʼʹò۾˻ԴԼʹС
űƿ΢ĽŲ
΢΢˫ǰһĨۡ
һ¶˵ҩֱߣ˵˾䡰úҩˡȻһЩҵľƾߡ
û뵽ʱգ㻹ԸҡΣڴ˳Ĭ
ԷһڣʰƾߵĶɵһͣΪβԸ㣿˵㲻Ը￴㣿
ֻû뵽ϡ
ĵȷԤϣ˽ҲȷʵöԷʱԼɥܵԼ
һʰã̧ͷһҩûüͷ΢Ϊҩԣʹͷϱˣ⼸޶ȣͷʹȺ˰ɡ
ðҩҩĻһ𰾳ŨŨζֱš
طһĵ̾ϢǾƺð˾ʲô֪ˡ
˵ţһҩ꣬üͷһ¡
֪Ŀ̫࣬࣬ٿɬҩÿˡ
뵽⣬Ĳɵһ
˵ô¿룬ޱؿż˭Բԡ
˵ҡҡͷǷһ˿ЦӦǣԼͿˣ
ȻһץסʹŶԷվǿнƵͭǰһ㣡۾úÿһڵʲôӣΪҪִЩеûģ㣬ΪҪں˵뷨οôҪ𣿣
ǼһζƢҲǵһֱԸ߶Է˭ĳҶ⣬Ҳϣ㲻Ҫȥ⡣
žǸ㲡ɫ԰ףƶ΢΢׵ԼεЦЦ㲻׵ġ
Щδ㲻ᡣ
ҲãҲãʹҲ޷˿̵ĸܡ
ҵ۾㣬ļԼĿԣһһ֣ᶨ˵ĸܣ塢޴ͱҶͬܣֲ֪Լ˭ĸоҲйҪģңСʱ˵κβĵ¶С
Сʱ
ס΢΢󣬲֪ǷǼĴԷһĨ΢
ҸɵġĴţһµĺӡ
мɱġĸš
⼤ŭңȻײҵĽԼҵұ߱ĸʼգҴδҪȥ˺
أȴδҵĺӣ˶Ͽһۡ
ˡ
ԭ죬ǹھȻ£
ʱһ͸˰ɣ
ǿҲм޵ģ˫ֱסԼͷ
ʶҪʧأ鼱֮סģϾĸף᲻Ҫ㡭
˵ΪĸʲôǵãȴΨң
˫۾ã壬ʹԸӡ
ʱԽǣҺںһˣԽʹࡣһȴҲͲǣҲʹ̫㣬˵Ҳһ¡
Ϊ֮˶޸һˣԸΪıƷһŮˣáԡ롰á롰ݡ
ȻůĽʹŮˡ
ĸΪ̫ںңԲŻôʹ𣿡ĿȴδӼƿ
ڵȴһشֻŻԼ
ҲȫǣģΪѵǶʱҲſ֡
һ仰һ˲䣬ĺ
͸һԽԽɼ
ɽ£﹡ԣһλòׯĸŸӣǣһӴҰһ¡
ĸʼ棬һջķᡣ
˴óһӡ
ҧһڣƢ۾ʲôƵģݵĸߡ
ĸһ£ȻҲҧһڡ
ĸŶԷЦˡ
ᴵ˴˷
ͣ¾á
ӸȪʱѽӽ䣬ӭһģ˳
ԶԶһ֣é̫ӵ¡һֱĽµҵüʵϡ
һ΢ЦŶ֪µϣ
˶ߴ࣬е̫ӵһλΰӡһ֪²ȫƾ۶ϡéԴǲ㺬˼Ҳԡȫ߸ˣ˵ӡ֪
ôҪǶԷ֪ǰλ̫Ա𣬿˵˰ɡ
éԷĿ峺͸̬Ȳ̸ֹ֮͸飬ҲЩίߴ򽻵ˣǰλӡ󲻴
뵽éʱڸȪ⣬˾䣺ģ
ǣéشרǰΪ̫֮Ըϣջس
ѵ֪Ϊɵ˶ն֮ǰжʮλΪ˶֪ǰСéĲֻǱԽҵͷ벫ʷ
֣Ըͽν
éԣһЦ£Ǹ¶δȢӣΪ˵ԴҲûʲôһƱҵĽԡܶ飬ȥô֪УĽ޷ǳΪڶʮ߰ˡ
˵꣬뼧ԥš


96 һ
һص ݸȲؽԼϢˣһɱ˽ԵĶʮ߸󳼣˵иСéȥ ôţ
Żˡػ˾䣬 ²ߡ
 ô֪ģ
Ľֺ֮ǰһ 㻹˳ض˵ôҴӰʱǡ˴ˡ
ݸ˵ͷԭˡԭǵȰ Ǹéżһ˵Ӧøлµľ֮ţ
Цһû˼ʵû˼
ݸգգ۾ĥҲû׶Է˵ġû˼ʲô˼һˡӽźһֱ޾ɵġ
£ ôˣǲˣ
ȥʱ򻹺úõģôһˣ
޹ء뿿ϣ ﱧŸͷֻǾòֵá
ʲôֵãݸګګ˾䡣
ûֱӻش⣬ǷʵعⳡȨϴУ˭Ӯң
ǻ룿ǸȪ ոռλݸǲ⡭ⲻ ºα֪ʣ
뵽Լ͵Ϊ˷Ѿ˼ϧΪ˼գǼһ˱˻ҪһҪ˵ ȫã ټǰаæΤŻܡ ΤϺĶ֣
ΪӮʵҿǳԡǰ̫ԼΤǶˡֻȨ֮еһſӣϽɱ˵ͬʱҲڵȴű˵Ľɱ˵ţ۾ǣҲվѲˡ

éȰ̫Ľ֮عھȨ֮ĻҺҲ𽥲졣
ߵʱõ˽ȴʱˡ
ԵɽһԤףڣݸʶʱԴ
ҽةģһͳ¶ڶˡ
ϣյʶ塢ںļݸһĪչֻܽˮ̳šɣڼǰϣϣͨķȶȽ
ȲˣȥɲСһԿ˰죬ͻȻðһ䡣
㵹ǸⰡտ˵׻˭ᡭݸţڱһ֢̾ӱ飬ع龫ǡ˼ȡˣعҲ췭ظˣһɣҲſˡ
˵ЩеûģĻʱǴҩô
ָɣͰһƿȫ͸Ǹˣỹãһ¶ݸǿǾҩºˣҪʱ򳹵ûָˡ
ҳȥһˣú
һڣݸʱҪʲôˣҪȥҰ׸
Ǵǰ󡱣˵û裬ҩǲȱһжҽĸڡûҩǲеġ
չ˺ˣҵܲš
˵ҲὫչ˺ã㣬ʲôǲǻڲңǰְֻиȫһϵһ֮ԽȨΪ⻹С£Ͼ¼ȨؼǸ׸ɲʲôöҪ֪һƿǸ鷳𣿡ݸһֱ𣬲Ϊһʱֻ̣ǻ飬ͬΪĻ顣
ֻ֪Ĳݵ顣ıһ
ݸվȥ
УϳԷȷѾ˽䱸
ˣ㲻ȫңܹ黹е㽻ġ˵¼ȹҲΪҡ£ҡݸ˵꣬ͷҲسš
ڵľӹɵģ֮潻ЩڶԷӲΪ˻ݸɽ䱸üʹʱȥʹô꣬δġ
뵽ȥݸ׷أתһ-
̻ǰ£ֻüͷգ԰׵Ĵ΢΢⶯
ԥһ£ûκչ˵ľ飬ڶ˵Щʲôǲ˵ﲻ
սϻ˯ˣڷգȺģɨա
Ȼ˰죬ҲûȻ

һߣݸᳵ·س˹⻹ͷһδȥ󡱵ڵء
ƽ̨ճ£طڵһλģʱݸţõȷԼʱصһš
̷ǽҪ񣬷ǶǲøϢܲ澡档
ݸǵĳϲǰߣȥеع֣۾һֱܡ
ãû˸˵ɵ㻹ȫҲһ쵽˼ɣ
һֹƷС̯ݸװģظ𡣲һΧ˶оһֻһ¡
ͷ㿴ĸӵܳգ۾Ц˵ḡ
յģڴϣõڳ֡
ݸǿסǹͷĳ嶯ǲǷͷЩСԱߵС
ͨפصһݾͨխ˲УҼʹڰҲɭɭ˼
Ȼȴ˹ݸûã㱻֮ǰǼӵܶڡ
ոߵúļѽǻķأ
ǰ缸ȥ¹ϡһ֪Ը
ݸҪǣ˵˾䡰
ϻ䣬ԷˣɾͲˣǿǳĳ㣬𾴾Ʋԡѽ
һ̣˱ͷѪ۳С
Ļͷһȴһ˶ûС
ݸҲסҪˣԼûأ
ţӶʯӴǼӵܣһһ׼໽Уֿ˭ɵģŵһССйһ汧ͷܡ
ȵȫĶӣݸһöʯӣƣλװŪˣ
ڷ£ǰʡĵѾͷεôڹţ̫ƽ-δȫ-壬ʱܳʲô
ݸʵҲû뵽Լһƫƫ˷ڣ֪ղڽϾͲ߶ôǲڶ
㲻Ҳܳ𣬷ξ˵֪ԷǳڹĲʣݸʱ벻Ӧ֮ǣֻ÷һ䡣
壬ԭͲڹΪ˸СץҩԽԽˣСÿʱھ׿ԡʵڸ㲻Ѿͷ˼ֻһʣôˣ
㵹ͦϸĵġݸ˵ţһƣҲҪȥץҩʶһҩ̵ϰ壬ȥҩʵݡ


97 δ
ݸ˵ҩ̲ǵ ܱߵ̺Ҳܶ࣬뷱ĳȣԵ塣
ݸһץҩ ڱҩƹ̸ˡֱԣ ǻЩĵط ϶ںõöࡣ
ƹǸϴү ЦǺǵĿͦУҲ죺ֵĺô 徲徲ĵʳ˭ûͷȵģֻҪ͵ץҩҵͲæŸҩ⣿
̼ΪԲֶΣ ƹĻΪ̾
̸Ц䣬 ݸѾץҩȴδ뿪ָǰһƤƹ˵ٸҳƼƤ
ƹشװã ݸת־ͽƤڻһţҸǼ쵰 ͵Ҷĳл
һͬ뿪ҩ̣ڵͷһҩ̿ҩлģ
òǿóƤˮշã¾ͺˡƫ ȹҽةǿЩӲ ҳƤˣǶ𡭡ݸ˵ţ ¶Ȼı飬ˣôĹ٣ȻںǼǮѳƤң
ҲǿЦôˡǲܽȥֻҪݸģһͷ˿ء
ˣôҲץҩѵ̫ӵ屧ʵղҩ̵ʱ򣬷ڱƹ죬ʵĿһҲû뿪ݸ
ºúõѽץһЩҩ
ȷݸѡȫԪ̱ҩģ൱һּ۸񲻷ơ
ҹ壬ƽЩ̲ƷҲôϺòҩ˷ѽˣǸ֮
ֻ뵽һֿܣ־òԣôǸȾؼ˰

ۿžҪɽҩҲ׼ˡ
һԵĻƹ񣺡ʲݸץҩƺ֢йţҺһǸ˲ĸô˵Ĺϵʱô޼䣿ǲҪ֪׸һ
ãݸˣܶϰ׵̫ˣԼ鷳ƹ˶Ŀ˱𣬡סͷ֪£֪֪Ҫװ֪
һع˺ͣҼˣȥһǱİٲҩ̡

صݸûмȥҩȥԷôˣԼϾ뿪СգڼֻоһڣƫƫԷֲչˣʵǷĲ¡
һԷ񿴼˾ƵģôŻ
ΪȡҩҼҪع˸ٶңҪԼʶ
ݸĳƪ۸տ˸ͷͱק齱ߣﲻ
վһԣԾޱ飬ٽ֮ƽʱЩδԣȻԱ
£¡ݸļյ÷
ϵĲһǲʱصǰİԽҳȥôã㶼֪Ѳٶˮ»ŷ𣿣
Ҫڨڨض˶ĵݸѵĲ֪
ѹֵ²ˣ
ݸһˡ̬ĩˣ޿κεػӻ֣ˣչ˵µ¶ɣȥҩˡ
Թҩ߳ԷݸհѲˮֻԷַһ޹̨ϻŷңûطҩ

üҩȺ󵹽߹ź¯ϵС󣬿ɬζ
ݸҲøʲôҩӦרŵҩ޶ƽĹֱ´񣺡Ҳָˣ¯û˰ɡ
һΣûʧ⾡ְذҩʢ˫Ŷ˵
ݸ;ι˵ˮգգ۾ƵĽëţϾҪ
ǡþҩŶ룬龰æȸһߣһǰ
ӣ촽ţƺǺѣԾỽҲûʲôӦ
ιҩɡݸüĶͷе̡
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һ棬ԴΤ̨ Щ֮õĹԱԼԭȵسϳǣҲδϾɱѹеĴȻãǵְλͬʱִӵطѡһͼĹǰְ
һ ϡϳ˻ìܡǣơ
뿴ģκһҶ

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ΤľӪ˻֮أ Χʱ˴ɨӲݴ
վ⣬һԴɡ
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Τˣ µЩĻҲ Ǹ˹
ڵ˹֪Էޭ깬żˣ˹ģʵĺ֮ȴܵ⣬ ˣ 䵣ĳʷ
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Ϧǲܵˣֻܳעˡ
ģ˹Ҳģǹ˰ߵߡΪǳˣԸɾ衭Ծɻ󲻽⣬Ž͵˹оγ֮ţ̰ͼִȨ֮˭ĺô͸˭£˭ܱȹ˸ĺôࣿ
ĬȻüЦһʵ˹˲ƿأҲõģֻҪΪáΤ֮ҲӦѧá

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һ䡰֪ˡʵڳˣ֪Է«ʲôҩ
Ҳɳȥ⣬ÿ춼鰸ϣڿֻԼ֪ˡ

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99 п
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ʲͷеΣڰ֣Ȼ˿ڴԽɵͼЦЦͷصúܣòˣЩϰ߰ɡ
ݸɫã΢
˵Ǹ빬ˡݸһΪ·ϵ壬һ״Ʋһ䡣
һָܿԭȵƽⲻǺ𣿾ڣսպգΤһȫְ֧ΪʾԳµĿأŮΪ󱾾׵ңҲô
ϧѽǸûگˣֻ˸ˡݸһʼĪϲģԴ֪ԷҲʱλ֮Ů͸ˣڵ֪ûܵ󣬲ֽкá
ؿСѾͷһۣȴɻ
Ҳ̯ˣҲ͸ҲزȥˡΪοûбΪ
ѵ˵ûÿĳΪ
ȥˣϾһȻѾûʲôϵˡһ˱̤Ϲ֮·ܶԼ밢ݸͷڣ֮ķֵ
㲻ȥһ𣿡ݸδ뷮ڸ𣬶˽ҹ޻ᡣ
Σͽ˸аˡ˵ɵľͷƵģľګֲϡҲݸνЦЦüȴ΢һ¡
δƣֻ˵ʵҺͰһ𣬲ûпܡ
ݸҲô˵Ϊݸȡһᡣ
Լ޷׷޷ãϣݸܹӵС
ȻСѾͷԲؿʱԷγԡ
ҿֻҪԸ⡭ӭСѾͷȻֳʵĿ⣬һһһϱƽ̨˵عΪִҽԲġڰ޵ңֻҪһߣҲûΪıҪ
ҲعݸԣޱȼᶨҡҡͷҺͷã֪վһ·ˣʹҲûкý
ɷϣ񼧵Ϊƻرظһŷڣߵֹһأǿˮ±ʹ˺ѷΡ
ݸʼռǵԼǵ¸ģԷִãΪһ˽¶ȥأ
ݸû˿µ˼Ҳֻˣˡǿȡɡ
ݸܿ콫ҪĶֻһˮ״İɫ󴿰͸ͨ覴ã
£Ҫϯ𣿡
һҪˣǰһʽĸ𡣰ͨụԷһ׼͸
ݸһԷҪ͸ͼˣʹðôһֱߣ˹֮أ˵͸һѾýôԵˣҪһô
ˣο壬ҲȷʵûõóֵĶ˵Ρ
Ƿ̫ˣһӶˡ
ǣѾַˡƢԣǵ飬˵Ϊѵ¡ˣǸܲȥͲȥɣڳƲü𣿡
Ͳҵ£첻¡ߣרΪҶ裬ϻʹڣƲĻս꣬һӦǹн˸ˡ
ݣߵſʱסһԼס
⴦ƫƧŵĹһסꡣ
ϵĻԾǰױĻ
ϵĹϹɣΪԼѬ㣬Դסĵһ쿪ʼÿʱˮӲϣƮµĹ㡣
дߵԺӺƬ÷֡
һһҶ˼֣һ˵Źȥֻڰ͵Ĺȥ
ʱ֣Ҫ뿪ˣոյĻһ͵Ƕ԰ĵɡ
̫ӵ£ܿҪʼˡݳĹѵ
ͷת


102 ɢ
˵ֻǸӾٰĽ磬 񲢲ͣĳʹ֮⣬عس
ǲϲֳϣ Ҳ޿κΣ ϯⲻһЩûʵ׻ͺѣ ޷Ϻ ݻ֮Ŀջ
ǰ ˡĵ˭Ļ˭˵Ȼ·Ծɲϣսֹݣ֪ʱǾͷ
ֵ̫ྴƣ 㽫Լıϣ̶Ŷңң˴ʱ࣬ ڼ϶շ⳼ڴˡԴ˾ƣףһԸδ룡
Ļһڣ ڳԱԼͬذ һԿϵ
ֻԵؾһеľףȴδ֮ƣһ䳡滰һҲûԷ
ʹϹҲסˣعƣ ŷ ֻÿڵѾƹѲ̫ӵ½ ǵЩȥЪϢһ绹Ҫ̸·
ʹѲ˵׻ˣʧȣǲԸֻǰϯʾ
عû˵ʲô޲ϵıҡͷ̾
ۿӼαʱ˲죿
ߣԼ̫ӵǽô
ܵؽľһδԣķӦ֮С
ͷ˹ʹǣҲˣЩĺá
񣬽ǰ˫ַ壺Ѽ⳼޳ž⳼Ҳֻд˵䣬ϲҪ
һ̨ףޱشӼнӹ壬΢˵࣬ЦƧôʯͷҲ˼Գ񣿻䣿̫ӵδЦ˰ɡ
˵ţǿһ
˾㵵ĿУǿͨ͸ˤ룡
عȺһƬȻ̾˰ϡı˵йҲδҳڶ
ȻǸ˶ܿϹ⵱̫ӡԭ˭Ҳ˵壬˭Ҳ˵
һλʹİָŭɶ
ת򱾹ʹ˵˾䡰¡
ʹΪΪ߿ʹΣҲƣٰۣȴδܹܴ衣˿̼£ģ㲻ĵ̫ӵ£
£ʹĻѾ˲Լˣֻ㽫ⳡجΰĲ಻԰⡣
˵գתؿڣ֮ľϸ̧֣Ҫǣˡ
̫ӵˣ˲ʵʵ˵ûõóֵĶԲΪ㡭νЦЦתԼóһССӣһӣȻǻ˾ò͵ʵõġǳǺͨصƣ̫ӵպãʹ˵Ҫ죬Ǳǵ⣬ҹؿõϡɽ·Զ˾Ͳˡ
˵ⷬʱɫ糣һ˿΢΢Ц⡣
ȻһһЦһһʱԱһ̣żġ
ˣͲʧԼǰ
عһЩȥˣ˵ճ̣˼̫ҹǵĵ˾ٲ˻ô
ϼȻ˰ţô⳼ʹ˱гǰȰ˵Լϣû뵽˴񣬼ǿˤ壬ȻĬĬֱͦ壬ת뿪˸ߡ
û֪˶ǿŶˮû֪˶ǿҡҡ׹һһ߳
⣬ѩ˫ۡ
϶
캮ʤ

żϯʧ£Ⱥɢȥ
ȵֻʣһˣԸ߲֪Ķð˳΢΢Цƺ鲻̫á
ббһۣ·ǧ봩һ㣬ԸߵЦסɵóһͷ麹
ˣɻ˴˼
뵽⣬Ը߼ǣūŵ˼ǳ滰ᣬϴȻЩعЪϢǡ²ĹǶ½סԵĹԸ⣬ҡ
׼ԼĸȪޣ˭֪ԸߺȻ
Ըⷬļһ硣
ǰԼѾ˼һȺ̬̽ȣڸ̽̽ˣôõҲһһˣȻЩնȴԸ֮Ժ
һ˼⣬ʵϽ֮Ů빬𣿡
ϵĻ˻ڽס˻һоѴ׵
ԸߵĻ꣬˺һ𡰶˻ԼǰĵķţôҲΪ͹ԼҵĿ䡣
ԺвֳĳȥΪһĻ˫һգڼݶ˻

˻װһ£δͨƿʱֻһӺݻĹ̶ڴߣһյͷʡ
ڵ£͸į
ǰæһ񣺡檼ϡ
ʾֿһʵôôû˯
ڵȺϡʵش
ü˲Ҫһֱȵ
еĽϰù˵Ⱦ֮ԼЪϢûиǣԼҲڵȴһ
ҹź¹µƣȺԼĵ
ãȵˡ
оĹأ΢΢졣
ʮǻȻֱ֮ǰô궼δҲû檣еؽһ֪
صĹأĿǰλߣñʡ
˹ûп㡭صͷҲ˶ģĹ̫̣˲ϲԺ˾˯ɣصȹˡ
һϲЩȽڣ֮ڿ˹顣
뵽ԺԷҲͬĹЦ̣ǿĽ˵һֱһʣʶڵһ˼һߵȺϣҲƣ
üʲôʣ
ŮµĪɫ˥Ҳ⣬ֻ˳ĺɫ˥ڡʱϻԸ𣿡Ĳǲ֪Ǹ޽֮⣬Ҳ۽֮δ֪Ϊߵﱾ޻
ǰޱԼĳڳΪˣȴЩˣʹʱ˿̶Էװò
еŮ紺ܣɫ죬ο̫²͸Ҳ壬޷ȷԼǷܳΪеΨһ
䣬ͻһᣬûüУӯӯһѽᱧ
˫ʶعסԷĲӣڶϣż¶ĽСĻ
۽Σ˶ǵʱյĺá
Աϣ齡
ƾηѩŰ˼ֻ´硣

˷ԴϣʹߣڱʱҲް취ֻȻع㣬̫ӵĳԼƷһӦǰ׼׵ʱҲ޲ɡ
ӭŶҹĺХߵԼԱʱֽű䣬촽ڡ
ݸϽΪϰ׺ãֿ߬˵壬һӾô£Ҿ˵ǼһǸ۲۵Ļ쵰治öôãϧô塭
ˣϳɡ
ֺγ֪ݸ˵ġ󡱲ֵָǮǰϲ֮ߵ磬µĶҲָֻˡ
ˣݸҲ⡭ֻԼ밢꣬ҲһһѱҲ޷ԭ
Ⱥ˳£ŻһѪ
ݸ󾪣£
˵ţƿͣ
áæסݸӣ´Ϣ
ֻЩ뿪ԽԶԽãҲͲ絶ˡ
ͷ῿ݸļϣƾһ䡭һ̣ڲǰʹʧȥҲҪ߾ȫȥͣȥαװ
ԭݸ˿һҲû˵ֻһ¸żĺ󱳡
ҹɫжѩǰн
Զ콫δ


һꡪ
лҪ˵
лŴڣĵף
ˣ͵źڰɡ
һҪΪ壬ģһ㶼ϵѡȻĺܺãǺˡ


һôֵ࣬ڶǧʼˡµƪ¿ʼµ֣ҲɳתƵŮֻأ


103 ѩҹ
ҹХ Ӱţǽ֮ʱ
һ¾װɽ֮ϣҹɫ\ͫԼִӡ
 ٲ ҹڡִݸ㣬 Ƿ 仺̧֣淴âĶǰ겻Ⱦ˳üۡ
һΪʦ Ϊͽʦ̵֮ʹҲ
սʮѽЩټ϶ǿ ԼʼղԸ뱻Щˡ
Ȼ£ ᶨɫġ
ЦƺһӵĻϡ
˭ЦȻֹɫһݣ ̧ۼĽʣ
һ⺮Ȼӳҹ ЮƮѩһֱԼ
ʦ̹ңҪʿĻ档

ʱΧȻѩ
ɶһӪӲ죬 һֱڸϰб ʲŴ˸û뵽ԺȻˣ μԼʮʦΪµһ͵һĻ
ʱ죬һתʮȥˣ뿪عҲꡭ
ʱһ˶̹һҹҲһķѩ˹֢֮Ѫֹܿ˻ԡ
ѩҹ˵ҽݣܱ˼ҶûС;üΪֻԳŵǡ

ɶຮ֮أ䵽˶죬ѩ׷ҹͣ
ɽѩӣ̹Ǻ紵˼۾Ӫһ⾰
̿յϯƤ⻹һ档
֪ηӴٺȻҵ
һðζȣü΢ЩֻĲϣҲֻǿӦĻЩ
Ϊƣһ⻰һҺ㵹ϡתÿ죬漴˵ǣ̫ӵºγţЩΪ׼ģзʳӣµĿڣԼȥɽЩҰζ²Ҫ
㵱ˣЦЦŻһתˣƽЩʲô
ճɲãҲųԽȻʿһƽʱˮΪٲЩҰҰ伢ߣͬʹࡢѹ̫ӵμģشʱǽһ࣬شǽһ׼
ص˵ͷΪ㻹ǵñ̫˵ĻɣʱҲˣҲɺţһŰɡ
˵ţأһƣݸϼӲˣ
ԱϣֻһŮһͰ߽ڣľͰںǰְͰǴ򿪡
ʱ䣬һζܿӡ
ݸű˼ôűǻ˵ǵūΪ׼Ӳˣã
պٵʹˣͷϱ亹ֱðһʱΧŵȳζоˡ
㲻˵ʿƽԵ𣿱̫Щ찵ãǳԵĶȻ˿ڿ˵ͬʹ࣬Щ˰ɡźսսɸ
ݸһϷ´ı飬Ц˿÷ɣϲտڰ׻ġ
˰죬Ŷż֣⣬ⲻǡ˳Եġ
Ҳ֪ⲻ˳Եģող˵ʿǳԵĶˮôЦţͻȻ۾һɣԵˮ
ŵأͣؿͷģ̫ӵ̫ӵСİɣ
ʾݸȰľͰߣȻɸֵؿŷڵϿ޽ĵˣ࣬ĸ纫ϺͳΪ˱Ҷѳְͳ˺ҵĶӡҲ̿һܿ࣬ԲΪھı˷ݲ¡㵹ã̰˿۾ͼ£Եȥĸ𣡡
ҡҡѵԼŭּȻֻ֣֪̿һԷ
⸱뵽ɵȱ£ͷѣһ֮¸ɴ౳ȥ۲Ϊ֮ȴ֪̫ҲȲ㡣
һţűߣһѱסȣһѱһؿߣ̫ӵ֪Щ겦ľͲ࣬Ӽɶһ·Ҫٵ̰СĲ˵Ҳ֪СֻǸ٣ЩǴСҲǸ첲šѽ˵Ӫصʳʣ޼ʿǸԣҪСİʣµõǮЩʱȼüֻ֮Ҫˣ
˳ˮˣֱҪЦˣ޳֮ͽ
౻ŵѾ״Σȴڲĵؼϣõ⣺СҲû취аĸ
ʲôĸӦǰʮɣݸʵ̲ס˾죬Ҳ԰˲֮꣬ʮĸѵʮ𣿡
С˵
һ̧֣شϣǱ̫ӲƱˣʲôŶ˾ܸ˵ȥɡ
һˡδڣϺһ磬ɱ֮⣬ХϮ
䣬ɱȻֹ
·ƾճӪƮһķѩȵؼסһ֧ʸ
Ǽͷ뺫üĲһ磬ʱ֣Է˿ͽ˹Źأ
ʶҪɱڣԾʹ˸ɫ
⣬һתתۼԽ⣬Ӱ١
һͷȴֺ൹ڵϣʡ¡
ݸ-̽̽ԷıϢȻһ̯
Ϊûˣɵôʧɫô¡
Ȼűݸҡͷ̾Ϣõ˻Ȼιȥˡ
ԭڴ֮ǰƽ̨յ߱˵ʱڲԳ͢ԹԣҶйأפɶؾԹصѾá
Ǽǰ£û뵽һ黹İγܲ࣬λຫ˾ǣС
˾Ƥ¶֡
⻹ǵģ֮ǵȾϢ˭ôȲҪ

߳ӪʱëѩѾͣˡ
౻ѺǡҲˣȻĿֶ顣
ݸΪ죺أ
𵭵Ƴһֱۣߵǰûпˡ
ûпˣǺ⣿
½Ӽʱĸо֧ԼǴӰٲģҲһʱ׷˹ȥһСɽ£ɽһԽӡӦɱµġ
ٲüǸ֡
룬˵µʱ׷ȥˣٲľ˵˵ԶҲԶôӰû¾ֿܣһǴ˵ṦԶ֮ϣǶԷĳûз֡
˳˼ṦνǵǷ켫˵ɽɽվֿ΢΢ڵڶ֡
˼εݸϣããҰѩûмãܶĶأ
ǰѩҹҰԶǾӪûпɹĵط
ô֮ززģ
£ŷѩЪȻȥ㡭ݸ˵ΪһƤ멣ˣպȱ¹׼δã
ұ뽫ֱƽ˾ܸҪ֣˵˾ܸѾȫˡôҲܸṩһЩܾôˡԼߵڹûʱѺѺ͵˾ܸ²ͻյηɱϢҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
ԽԼҪ½Сģȷİȫ
뵽⣬תԾԸ˾ܸȥˣԽѺƽ̨רˣҹѶ
лҪ˵
С糡
ࣺаʮĸ
ݸ˵ʮʮĸ
ࣺʮǰʮ꣬ǰʮҵȢһλˣʮС檣һʮŸһǰʮĸ
ݸ䡣


104 븹
á
糯ʱ ϲˣˮˮϷ֡ǵԽԽˣȻѵӴ˹˵ͷϣҪ̫ӷּʱ ǵצǲҪ쵽˵
Ⱥõͷһԣ ˴ξǣ㣬 طѾжʮλԱ ҲץĸϳЩԱûˡж漰оֻԼ֪ˡ
µȻ̻̲գ ԼûµҲⲻ˵սľ޹أѱûǣ£ϾְȨʲôνˡ
ϲһ󣬴ˣ ֱһ
ʱ̫еϣ ΪΡЩҴֺԵʣʳһֱǷգųһЩ̷طټʿͨĲȡ˶ʳ ˭ϵʳ֮ƽ۸󼸱ֹ ϰƽԲϵľԳã¶໥ᣬһӲ-䡣
Ⱥʼ˽ ϱ졣
飬 ˺úõز飬һ鵽ס˭ıӵ ͨӻ-䲻С£ϲŲòӣȻĻҪģȥ˰̫ȫȨظ߾ĽʿһڱѩˮΪҡ
ϲһԼȳ󳼽Ըݣߺʥ

𽫺లȫѺƽ̨˾ҹ֯Ѷɾ֡
һյĹǺͰԼ֪ȫԭԭˡ
ӹݸĿڹԿһ飬ü΢΢𣺡ˣ
ݸͷպǸС֪ҲôࡣĹᵽһСˣǾҡ
ʮָŷڰϣ˫ɶǷݹʡ

Ҫ˵֣˸ҲȷпܡԼ˽⣬ԷǸּƲߣĸôĿҲϲͬ⡣
ûй֧֣˴ֱʵĹ򣬵ƾĳ˻ĳȺĲǸġ
ֻܴӱĵطֵˡ
˼ˣֽĹʷ˷ûм
ûС˽Ӵպֻÿνʳ͵ָĵص㣬Ȼ뿪³֮ұ˽Ǯ͵׹̣պԷ涼ûŮҲ֪ݸ˶٣˵ҾӦǸŮġǸ˵ýǣߴŵŮ𣿡
ҡҡͷδأһԷһأ
⡭ݸյͷ
еһһٴ뽩֣ӹɵǣֻҪץסң㶼ӭжˣѾԷݡ
ʱһǵĽ׵صһĶ
պĹʮֽƻ׵ص㶼ѡڻĽҰ룬ҴӲ̶կ**ͷ롭
һݸ㱨һ̯ͼ
Щʲôطôһûҵ
ЩСط˼һͼǲעģֻפڴ˵ؾԼԻ֪
ݸ⻰Ȼ
ǽС΢µˮ©ѡƫƧ֮أ²鶼޴Ӳ
Щط֧ӵķۣŶԷô׮ȴһû¡
ѩԾݸش
ɶλ˿ຮ֮أ࣬붫ƵһľӸزסѩԾͳء
ѩԡ˼ţԺﲻֳǰѩҹǰ㱻ڵһĻ
ʱǵһʱ׷ȥģȻѩһ˫ӡʲôû֡Ƕ벻ͨɱôھ֮󼪵ģ
ݸ໥ӣͬѩ
ݺйһǰҡѴɽ򣬲ί׼㹻ݣԷԼ̣ǰɶӣӦÿ쵽ˡ

ɶ
ѩԾӪأоڡ
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䣬ѴϼӺ磺һж˳ûһȥĿСǾͲظˡ
˵꣬𽣣Ҵ߳⡣
Ұ絶һ
ſںĻѩǰУһǱҪߵģǸ̫ӵ϶ʲôˡ
ȻԼĻʱǣ̫ӵһ·ȥѱᱻץסʱԼҲͳױ¶ˡ
ΣҪ跨֪ͨ쳷롣
ѩСЩͷϵһܷ紦ֻԶѩվһˣ
㲻ҲǸô˾̰ƣҲûȥǲԷҪǮҪҲͰˣɱȥ
ʱνġתؿǰ֮ˣȻ㣬ͳ졣
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ںǷץѾҪԼȻ¶ڣֱ̫
䣬ΧɽͻȻɱʮˣŰΧ
ݸߵ࣬ϾؿŰνֿͳ컹Ǳˣʶ㣬Թ־ܣһˣҲʡ
һܣֿ򼧵ôɵϵģ
ӡһһһӵоṦǲѩôĽӡȻǸɱֵṦôδӾѵģǱֻһֿܣûüӣǲĳʵʱ˵һĻѩʲôɹǸɱ֡Ҳͳأ
ЦѩԾУ˽Իѩ̫ӵΪζ϶ң
мߣͳǹ˶£ˣӡڣ֪Ҵ˴ɶ֮Ŀĵĳ˻ƽ̨߲Լߵļ֮⣬ֻѩԾеĽˣŲһ²¡
⣬ɵŭܳ͢Σ̰ΪȨΪΪʲô
˵ԺǺɸ֣ôΪϧʹġ
ţǸɶõ˲ţս᷸Һλڸ֮⡣
ʣȻ¿֪ǰɶǳ겻ѩ֣ʱһֻѩԾеһͳ죬ٺ»䲻ߣҲʳǡΪھЧ޷ؼȥˣ㽫Լٺ»ϼңϣһСܿЩʳ̿ɽأ;ÿҪ-ƤЩǮ˼оֻʣԭĲʮ֮һҸٻصϼң޶ĸԴŵ¶ڴϣӶˡڿ˵ѵǾôԴ𣿣
ŶԷǺ񣬼ӣ̾ϢȥصĹٸظ棬Ҳ˾ܸӳ
ô֪ûпظɹٹ໤һССͳܸıģ˵ĲԽԽǰһǻѪĶΪЧֱʱҲ㳹ˣ״ǰԼжɵΪնѪʱҵļ˱ȴʽǲǺܿЦܷ̣ҵļҲǴ񣬴ȴûܱǣƾʲôҪΪս̫ӵ¹Ȼɼ㱻Σ͸಻˾һ¸ǾĻɢ֣ûĶңһҲᱻǿΣ֣ý㣬˲׺һڣʹӢǵ̫ӵҲע޷֮ơ֮䣬ľ˭أ
ֻ֪¡˴ǼϵʹģҴӲ̫࡭עбɣֻǵؿڣͬⲻɡ
˵һ֣ʾ⽫¡
Ȼʿһӵϣ׼֮ʣһǡòһͻʯͷϣǴ˻һ㣬ΧһСƬȻݣ׹ѩʧǰ


105 ¾
ڳ˶û뵽һ֣ ڲԶҵľ
ʿѾǰ鿴ǸѩΪԶ壬 Ȼﲢûˡ
ûаЩգ òץסһ㣬 һβöԷˡ
ݸĻѩ ʱͷѩܸоʲôڶ
𣿡̧̧ţŵ׳һѩ֮⣬ ʲôûС
ɶ󣬶ѩϤжѵʲôСݸֻһֿܡ
˵ţѩͻȻը˵ ûüӦ㱻Ѩ
ͬʱںâһ зֱָ
һƴ޷ݸݸֱӻɣײĽ
˼Է ֻս ڰнסˣȻѩϡ
ݸһƣȻԷûȫҲ˵òᣬ ڵһʱ
ô˼϶ ԼĽڼϣЮ±ߡ
ʱ ʿѸž׷ȥΰΧס
˭ǰһҾ͸ǵ̫ӵͬھ֣޿֡
ڶԷʿȻͣ½Ų˸
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ʿԥһ£ݺݵЦŽж˶ƤʱƣѪ˳
ʿٲҵˣ׷еĵ
ǰһУһĪĿУתڼߣ̵̫ӵǲ̫Сĩˣµһ;ڴˣĩôðܣ
ˡѩ⵽ЮƣȻƽɽˮ
ˣĩذΧ·ס̫ӵ£ˣããѩԭҵĵ̣˵ţĿʿɨһȦɨʱȻһ١
ضȴδеĽ
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𵭵ؿڣ£ע·ӡʹҲýҲ·һ
ҵȻ֪ɫһ䣬һ֪Ϊµһ͵ҪɱҼֱСһˣǾͶְɡ
˵꣬ż±һ
㲻Ҫһ·ֻҪˣҿԸ·Էƣ𲻿óȻ֡
˵öԣ˿ɱ練ƣˣȴ졣
Цҿûôɵһҷˣл·ôҷҲǲУǰ㡪𣬱Զһۣ
Ļʿǲ˷磬е˵þӦԷҪҲȰҪмƣϽֽԷ
ĺӿ죬ʲһֱĬʵڰ忪Ѩ˿Ѩѳ忪һ룬ǰڽԼۡ
㲻ô̲סڴ󺰣ڷѩƮ
Ѿ˰ٺ˾𡭡ĶһۣûƷˡ
˲ˣѨһ谭忪ⲿһ
⧲һģһۿҪˤ£ܵһץȻקżĸ첲һͬ׹ȥ
£

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ʱ˿̣ǰһԾҲ£
Хɽ紵üۡϺ죬ǰ½룬㱼ֻе岻׹ԽԽ׹
׵ɢߣ֫չȴֻڿͽ͵ץա
ֱֱסֹ׹ֹͣǰĹ𽥻ָ
һ˲䣬ѩɫػشأԼڻԷһֻֽŽ-ͱڵʯڡ
δ¿ΪʱκһССĶп˵Ԩ
Ը£һֻǿ±ڣƽȣٵϢ¶֧ŵʵ
ΪҰһҵһбȫи㡣ڷģ壬˿衣
Ǿ˫ۣ۷ʲôҪ֡˵Űе㽣ӯն·ɵӥϡ
˫ֽĲӣ˫Ŀա
ž𣬱㸶ȫΡ
һ㡭
ץס¶¶ʯͷһһԾص˵棬ںͼ˫˫ա
ʿתݸѾϰ׼ǣһˣԼȥѰˡ
ͼȻ˲ˣײײ򼧵£ôǸ쵰û˵㣿
ǰݸǸжһƤ˶ѡ㣬ôصһƣزᣬȥһҪúˡϧǻûܻ׽ĽҲòˡ
彣ΪϿƽ棬ȻݴһѾ˫ƷΪѽµǲ
Ϊ˾Լġ಻·ľڼ䡭
뵽⣬ⲻھΡ
̫ࡣҶԣûнҪȻ˵˾䡣
һ£ݸ۲ѵؿڣʹɲˣǣµһȴ˵ҪܸԴһ𣿡
ֱӺĴڣת򼧵΢΢ͷʱ䣬ֻصĴϵܣʹվ¸Ըܷ
ĴҪҲӦԼڷ֮ȷûУҪȥͺˡ
䣬ݸָ¶ķ򣺡ôߵĵطˤȥ϶͸ˡ
δءѭָȥ·ףʲôҲδ֪
ʲôѾǶ߾ˣǸ쵰ûӵĶȥݸɲΪһ˴ôߵµȥܴѲ
ҷŰɡݸˣȻؼǡֻҪܽǸץһⶼӭж⡣µ񣬼Ҳֻ˴㡣
ˣǱֻдӡֻ֡ϧôľ׷ˡ

ݸ˲ܵ飬һһ·ӱ޻ص˼ǵĻƽ̨ʱ׷ûֵ˼죬ȻһϢҲûС
᲻ʲôӣôˣȫޣò
ݸڸԼ̱ӣĻ̧ͷ˽ƻأֳڸߣôִȻḻ϶ҪЩ򡣡
ǡ
·ġǻƽ̨ڽھĸ֣ץӦòɡݸδ䣬ͻȻһ󼱴ٵ
˭ѽô˯ˣʲô˵ɡݸ͵غ˾䡣
Ȼŵˣսսĺ
Ͻһۼݣȴƽ̨ĴųţһڳԱΧűࡣ
ҹιڴǰ
ȺԶɢǰһĻ׾ˡ
һѪ˵űߣٶһ

ԭŷǰܣһʿ׷ᡣȻѩУ˽˶ӣֻʣһ˷ֱ׷
书ṦĶ֣Ȼƾ֮ǰ͵ѩѩƽء裬˦Էһء
һṦѩﲻʹ׷ˣû뵽̫ԣµľͷѩ䵽͹ʯ˴µµѩ¡
龰ϲϽһǳһŵزѩҲŻɽ£뿴Ķӡ
ƫƫ֮ʣһɱִ
ǡȦף⧲˷䲻УҲǹˣֲرųĽ󣬻ۣʦ綼ǡǵĶ֡
϶˵λʧѪ˹ȥ
ֻչĸӣ˼ãֻо˵ʦ磬˵һֱսʤĶ֡
˳ʿĽ֪
˲ǣһ˵ҲܶôԶ·Ǳ˻ƽ̨Ĵǰ
ɱˣȴһһšԷƽ̨ʾ
̧ݽΣΧ۵ĳԱѾ˿ʼֻš
ɫһһȥ˯һδˮʯ֮ǰݵᣡ
лҪ˵
ش΢˽ʣ
1û˿ţBˣһ·¶ȥ˵ʱĻϳ-ʣΪϱ---䵱˳-ʵľĴ벻漣ƣ
2ֵߵģ϶ǰԼеôemmmm;񼶱ģһһ䣬ǧɡ
3ûô-кܶ⣬֪


106 ѩ䶫
߽˷һ£ ϸۣϣΪһִɱ֯ ӵ˾书ͽָ
˵Ҳжţ 㶼˵ֲ Ҳѹ˳ӣһ˼⣬ ʣˣ Щͽɱһ㶼µ͵ƽ̨Ϊ޹ڣΪҪô˵ָʹβֱɱ£ѵǲΪһƽ̨ʾҫɹ ڽϳ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷڽѾܳˣ һ׷˲̫ߵ书衣
Ȼʲô̲סʵ˵˽ߣиɻʹϿҲȫˡ ԷǱ߽ ǣмʤ㣿
룬شûн֣жϡΪ ˣ ûиɻĶ
˵ͷ漴¡
£ ǸҲˣͷежˡ
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Ȼδжڣ෴ʱжְеЩ£ÿԹ۱
ݸҲô˸㱻ָȥϱ˵Ĳ鲻ԸɾҲӡ
֮£СЩûסˣÿİõؽݸչˣżģһ¶ԷҵڸС
һֱڻƽ̨ϡ̫ӵ
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ʱݸһƲݸΪԷ뾣ͬΪ໥ЭĹϵݸԲѷǶԾƣٴһϵ㡣
ȻݸҲǳصģҩһţʦĪΪҲҶԱ֣
죬Цò⣺ǻʲôְɡΥƽ̨ʮʮ¶ѡ
ݸʶӡʮ£һ˵ƮƮ̵ıӾƵģǵ̣һȥƤѪǱǵ̹ʮȥѪģҲ̶ˣ
ûôɵŲΪһʱ֮˹ء

ĩ･ڵķΧ
ʱӵֳǰ
Դ꣬Ȣ檳һ⡣
ϵ̫ӵʵΪŮ֮ضǲͬ-ģֲֳϽƽ̨һӦȫãֻ滻һʱضһΡ
յĵڶ죬ص˶ȥ԰ɢɢģǡÿ̫ڻԱ߳ǰһ֡
̫͵ػͷܵ˾Ű㣬һ˺˺üսս񣺡檡μ̫ӵ¡
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¡ֻû뵽̫ӵôͻˡ̫صͷü͸ԵĽ⡣
ѩأôתһȦûܡ
ѩ̫ӵ檣ƽں԰ͻˡ
ᵽ֣̫һǲ־⡭һ˿Сڲصķŭѩˡ
ˣˣͬʱȷŶﶨǷʲô£úһˣôˣ
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̫ȫɪɪķʣȻЩ£ҲµѲ˸ϵ
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ȥɡ֧̫ݸȥնھʲôԼǰ檵ķڡ
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ڴɨøɾ࣬Żݲݡ
ڴ̨Ϸһ飬չһ֪ʽʳףкüëʹѡԱߵĿദע
ѩѱ̧ȥưᣬڴ֮ǰҲ鿴ȷԾȻԷЩ-ŰĺۼĿġ
ʱϸڶͣʱԼļ檸ˣĶϵſ͡
ݸδ䣬üд£
ݸ̾˿ͷֵĻںͷϯ䣬иſ;ȻðѩһҹϾȻͬ⡣Ǹſʩ-Űãѩĥòӣټϲ裬ҧԾˡļˣڻ֪ѶءصǣЩӵΪѾ￪۹ԱǰնЧ£Լҵ˹ҹԻʿ֮١
տʼʱ򼧵Щ£ȵݸһϯ꣬ĿתǾʳףȴһ̳˺⡣
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ԭλѪŨˮֳֻŮ
뵽⣬˵ǳ˷š
ݸ֪ҪȥʲôϽǰ£ȥϰѾˣټƽЩѾûˡ
¶ţҺЩ¹-кηֱ𣿣˵ţ̧ˣҹǸſ͸̫ץʩԸ̣ٳУЧȣ
˵ֱ꣬ӿȥ
ݸ׷ϣʱֲڣֻһ߼ϣڣһʹṦٸƽ̨

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ƿһ̧ͷԼãʱһôˣҲʱڶô
ѩˡؿֽ߬ȭԴʹԼ侲
̫ӵֻ΢һ£Ȼ赭д˵˾䣺֪ˡ˰ɣԺС²Ҫң㿴ŰС
С£һС£ʧϷߺޣ޿̣֪ڰѩķ﷢ʲôҿΪ㾫׼ʳף潫аԵĵĲȫһ˱עôõһŮôġΪҪ
̫ӵԵòмһˣǸС֮Ů΢붫ΪѾĶ䣬һſҲ֡ΪҪôǧǵĵҲǲûǸƦå˶ܵ˴γԶʿЧأ
ΪǵͿˡ磬ԭˡһ̣ĺˣ׺ˡ
е౨̫ӵĿضǰļʲô˼ʱ̫𣿡
лҪ˵
лŴڣĵף
лĭ䡱ӪҺ


107 ܷ
ϣ Ҫ̫ӵߵһǡʱ˶˶ŵĽ֡
ҲڣǸһ£ Ȼͷǰ ̫ӵ˼䡣
ϣ ̫ӵԻȻվ ݺݵؿżŵӻæ˳ȥ
ɱǸſ̫ͣӵߵǰ ֮棬о䡣
ûһڳϣԥ̫Ӽ檣޿ˡط ɴ˵аӣԸޣ ܿԣδ棿
žһƫһߣһϸϸѪ˿Դǻ
̫ӵŮҲã ſҲã ǵ趼ɱ̫㲻ǸӰӣʲôʱֵ๣˼һ⣬̫ӵԲû뵽һԼ˳ӵһᵱԼ
Ƿȥſͣ һ컹û ſ;ͱڴˡǴô
˼ˣ̫ӵŭɶ ӣ·ϣ֪ڸģʱΪ飬һȣ
ԥһ£ʱؽһʱǰѩһƬѩʱϥҪˣ
˳ٳûӦ̫ӵ۾һɣ纮Ÿʲôȥ
ˣԼߡ˵꣬ת⡣
վס̫ӵǰǼ׺ãЦһһȥкãѺúˡ
ųţʱݸϵ˳һ·ʹ׷͸ϣͣʱؿ۲ѡ
ʱһԲºóݣݸɨһڣֿķѩҲתš
ֱ죬ϥǸһϵѩ˸顣
ݸԼϣҡҡͷֹ
ȥϡκݸ¶ĵ
ҲûãȲԼҲȥͻȻ˹ѩûаӡ
ݸָԷôڲų֣ʲôȥˣ÷׵Ҳȥƽϱģֻһ档
һʱȥˣѶ촽ϣȽӲû֪
ݸܰԼ·øֻöΪȡů
ʱһ̫ӵִ˹Ӹµؿѩϵá
ֻҪϸͼ̣Ĺһء̧Է°̫ͣӵ˵
ǿֳϵ촽ǿ˶úδ֮У
̫ӵһ䣬ֵͬʱ͵һƣ֪ôĶ˵꣬תȥ
ǿסΣʹǹţҲͦñֱѩоĬıӰ
ݸֱۣ̫ӵԶ̲סڵºαһʱ֮
Լ˫ַڻҡҡͷҲΪԼһʱ̣ΪѩһҶΪһѣǾû˻Ϊˡ
ֱݸһȳһջ˶
޹ǰ˺ü̿𣬽Ǽֵǵ˿̿
ϣԡ˿̵΢ۣݸðΪѬϥǣγǵĺ
˫ϥɵúúñůϺȾͺòˡ
ݸ䣬űƿ̫ŽƳͷ̵ݸŽŷϡ
˵̫ӵ»ʱǣɫã˺ԳЩů嵭͹̫ʹüۣС˵
ݸŸһʱ˶ﻹλ֮ǰ켦ϸֲ
Ųæ΢ЦųԷͷ̫ˡʵҲûʲô󰭣ǰʱɶӲʱȽ˺⼸켻´ѩַˡ
ֹ̫ݸ˻֣ȥɣ̫žˡ
ݸ̫˸Ȼ¡
̫ʢݵ
һ̧ͷǰĶׯŮӣʲô˵޷
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ʵһʱͷԣݸ
檷ֻ֣Ҫݸʱ㲻׽檡̫΢΢ͷԥһּڵ̫ӵ¼ϲݸΪβһ֣ݸ΢Щչһֱϸҳ檿ó̫ӵĵĺá
˼Ƭ̣һüۣѩҵĴʱҺˣϡͿʹӦſ͵ҪҶԲסݸˣҿС¿ֻ꣬
Щңθܣ٣ɸԼһϳڣܶҲ޷ȫſȥʱⷳƣȴ㣬Ҳá
˵ţס̫ġ
ոǷȻѱ˵ǣĲԸƭǰ浾Ůӡ
ֲ̫ŮðۣҲԹĹСţȻ޵ȴδԼùһһ·ʹڣҲԼơ
˵̫ӵ³нڼԼΪĸԵñʡ
˵ѩüޱȷŭô̫ΪеֿǷ
ӣŵȴڹһӡ
һ޹ŮӣŶԻԶȴδһıƷ֪ԼƵ˾˭
Ŀӹ̫ǼĻƽۣǵȥΪƵģ˵ˣȥΪԼϲѰɡ̫ؾҲˡ·˾ͻϣһҲˡ
л̫ӵ£̫ԵúܸˣʵǸˣеĻá
ˡ̫룬ֵȻ̫ӵ½ݸãβѡ˼ңݸҲСˣˣ̫ӵ²Ϊָ飬Ҳ׼ױûУǳ檱šϾǶˣ˵ʲôҲί
ġô˵ȴЦá
ݸѾͷ˰
˼ƮԶ֪ǣȻ
лҪ˵
һ¾͵عֻ


108 δ
ѩ׷ɵȣ عȴӭһůĩֻһСѩһˡ
Եѩ׷ꡱ ůȻˣ Ļֺ߲ȴݺӣ ˼ڽ Ҳи˳ͨﵩ£ üΰҹֽ֮ϳ
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ʱ˿ҹ˾ڽ鷿ʱϵؿڷ
ĬĬ̾Ϣһ ǰһ񣺡μϡ
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ڵͷ߾Щ鷳ѾݵԤ¸¾˵ڡ˵ϲΪһ´ն˺üµĴ󳼡
ϲķӦǱȹԤҪ졭 üҲ΢΢ ƺĽ⡣
´̽ϢȷĻƽ̨ϲȨǽа飬ղ𾪳Ұľһ£ ˳ǣسҪԱ 󽫾ҲС
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仰˷ڣ¶ɫҴвοһǣĿǰǹԴսʶͨλ߶ˣԺҵһм̿²ôסΪϿλһϵܣ䲻ܴӦλҪ󡣡
Ϊһͳ£˭ϰڷڵǣδֱԼ̬ȡ
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ϸհԶ°ݷ˵
ԭΪԷȫ׼Ҳȥġ
ҲԣıԡĻ˭ܱȵùأ
뵽ļƻڶٻе㲻ģĴ΢ȥ𣿳ô죿ʵЩԽǵ򡣡
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һ˳ûʲôս£ƽƽӹҲδ©ʱίҲ飻Ŀã˶
ϽȻŵùˣɲƽ
ԷڵǣԵò⣺֪Ҫ˵ʲô˲֪˽سһ֪ҹ׼ܻ֮˳Ĵࡣˣ˲бҪ뿪һӡֻĳЩ˵ĺβͲŻȲ¶
Ű΢΢ˡ˵ţҪ׼ˡ
ڰأסԹ˼գ˶ˣ
ϼءѿڶ֪ԷΪͻȻдʡ
ꡭţ̶̾ϢһξҲ˲ˣôڻĲ˿ڣ˵˶ٱ飬ǵĳƺǵҪԱڹǰơǡ
һ㶣漴˳ǣǿһЦһֱ˵˰ɣѸĿڡһƺѣҲûʲô
Ҽǵãʱ˽㶼ǻҡСġ
ӵ쾡£ûԳƹҡ˿̣һҡһ䡰Сȴڵ˼ִ˴ǰ
ʱ֪бˡ
ŷڹأһݣɵüͷ
Դӵ뿪ҲԽԽԶ˳ϵۣ˵Ľ
ʹ֮ԷҲԡ˼塱Ϊܡ
Ǹһд轣սԼ޼˴˿̾͹ǰ˵źһĻζӳ֮࣬ط֡ⵤȥҲڽԶ
ЩҪˣһҲץס

ͬ԰
̸֮£˵ڹ˲ڹУһбӼɣҲˡ
ҪǰǰӲ죬˷ڡԸߵ֪飬˰ڽԶԴһŲ֪
ĵ˵ͷһ²ڽزɹز٣ЩΪ޽ɽ޻Ѿ޴󣬺Ҳ֧šɳǰտʹٵֻǲɹڵĹƷҲòôࡣοԭأֻгĻһ٣Զ۸ȻơпȼǲΪģ
΢ЦǹרΪɹġ˼ǵ
һδϵЩͮͮӾȻΪ򣬸ûԼĿζС¶ԷȻģ֮ǸжʵֻҪг檣檾ˣҪƷѡ˵һĳԵôࡣ
ԲһȥļҲʡ
Ҹĸлϡ
лһѽ𣺡лǹˡǰЩĸްţԼӹ飬һ˽һ£˶ˡ
Դ̫ް϶ԹɥһݣӼ֮ᣬĳַΪ̫ڹʧʵйɥ
ȻԼĸԹԣĻϣܸĸһٲҪ̫
֮ʣеķйɥһӦ԰Ʋٰ죬йŮһͬ飬̫ȻдʧȻϾǾĸ֮ûйɥҲӦмǵĵ
ҲʹȻ˹̫ɥ£ΪʲôΪ̫飬˵ĸ󶼲ԸǵԼˣαȥİŪ࿴ᣬ㽫Լɥǵȫ
̫Ƕģ캮ضʱΪԶû˵ôɣö֮п಻Ĵ治
һֱĬĬ֣ӲԣˣǼˣҲͽû˱Թ
ΪϷǣǳ檵ķ£Դ˾ӹĸ˵꣬˫ֺȻ䱻סһ̧۱ײ̶һ\֮С
Ϊÿһ£˶ϡ
лҪ˵
ص۹С糡
߾ڸ
ܸ𣬳Ѳ찵áΪң˴࣬æɹ
߾ôڸʲô
ûʲôǾ뵽СʱҼԣ뵽ˣңƭҵĸ飬͸뵽᲻ᱳбˣ͸ˡÿ
߾һʱͰ׷ˡ


109 ֮
 㽫Լѩ﷣ϥ̫ܺǰŪ˹ȥɽһ죬ӦԴϢȴִһȥϲ
ݸֲֲܸһͬǰȥ ֻڶ
ʱͣ ϲţ δü±
ڽǰ ÿʱ¶ҪæһӣΪģ ΪϦҹӭٰĹ硣
СƣЩƵҲ׽⣬ϲ˵ˣѰϯҲͰˣ ӭ¹һҲôһأⲻ⣬ һþʢ¡Щµһк˺ϣڿطʡŵ㲻ͳˣ
ǣŹæʱ ϲǰ Խ糯Ҳһˣĵڵİ˷ء
μ
˵ҪֿһԼĺӡϲ˹ˣ һεʲô Űɣ˲Щɢҩ㡣
л˵˾䣬 Է˾һĵ
һ˱ֱŮϲȻ̾˿ССǸ˵㣬Ҳ̫ˣϴʲôƢֲǲ֪αһҪӲӲԿĻ㰡
պýһɵĻٿߣ˭֪ԷѹûôȻϲᵽ˷һ£ý˵綷ֻΪʵǡ
ϲ˵ͷʾͬ¶ɣȷϴ˵㡭ģһעġ
̬ٺһЩԼûаװܷѩĿˡ
뵽н񶬵飬󣺡ֵʳûеλ飬ܷӸеһЩȼ
һᵽϲϴĲˣ㻹˼ֵ¶ôľ׷ô
Ƕܣ븸𷣡ͷѾȫˣɾû׷Ҳǲʵ
ˣҲûҪ˼һ£ʵǸʲô⾰ҲʳǷգ칩ӦˣĶЩ񰡣ϲһ߿̾Ϣһ
һԲĿȴĽɫϡ
ףƣͲȥ
ԷԼľƣϲɫʱһ䣺ǶԹ
æջߣҡҡͷҡ
ϲ¾ףɫˣһ˶̫Ҳӹ׼һĹ硣
Ƕ˸ӣøǳûָˣƽ̨ȫڸƿ£ʵġԼʡԼýԼ㣬Ǳˮн

صػ˶ݸһǰĵݸǵȥʱյģֱӽ͵˶
˵ٴĸӱ˻飬Ȼ١˵ţŲ𿪡
£дɶٴǻƽ̨ڳķ֧ǽҪ£ƽ뼻ϵݸЩŵݡ
ع˴ɹĸ٣һ˽ֲߡ꣬ӽ˳ʳȥòһ꣬ͻᷢģ
ݸüͷֵĶʳûʳʲôӣЩôĿ˶ǳ
սңյӱͲùֱȻ׷𡭡ɫأֻ̼ΪҲͰˣ¾ЧµΪԳ
ݸȻ򣺡µǰ˵ڹٵĲ߻¸߼չ³ɣ³վ֯ķũ³ԪˡºԼⲻ̼ԷΪأ
һǰǵǷܱ㿴˰ɣ
ݸͷ
˵ܱݣعΪ޽޺ķѾ޴󣬵ʱҾ;֣عûкĴͳٴľôһϻôࣿʮа-˶ĿЩǮǻ޽ϣչսʡ
ǰݸĿ࣬΢΢̾Ϣϣ븴ˡ
ݸ˺һګګǣٴǱߵ˼ǡ
һ뷨
䣬ݸһͷˮ˭ٴĲǹ𣿡
ԥһ£Ȼ󿪿ڵǾܣô꣬Ҳ޷ʵѾѳְܶˡ
ԭǰٴ⵽Χˡ
Ϊƽ̨Ļܣȼ˷ݣͬھ
һҹٴһнԸ֮һ棬Ա˴룬ش
Σ֮ʣƽ̨һſӹ᧿Σٴ󣬽θ֮λһ԰ˡ
ʱԴſ͵Χ׷½أҴ˶Ȱ룬Ȼ԰δôǽһŮϸԼõݽ׸˴-մתڶԴ˺֪ĳ
Ůϸܿó貢ãû꣬أĺ漴Ϊ
ú󣬳ݱ԰ô빬ɥ֮ʽɱ壬Ϊ˳ҲתΣΪ
ƾһʤĴɱδڵ԰ٴλãҿ˳ĳ
汾ʲôܣֻʱΣ԰̫ᣬټαװǳˣԹѶһֱضǸʱҶ˽Զ㲻֪Ҳ
˵꣬ݸͷ԰԰ôôϤ
ͻȻʲôҼǵͬһѵĳԱӦʶ
ˣݸһԼţ̲סҧгݣǸҺĳСӡȻ쵽һˣ
ŶԼڻֻǸССϸ
οԵݸļ򣬼΢΢һЦ뿪Ц顣ٲƽҲû취ڸĸҪؼְʱд񡣡
ʻûأҶСΣݸ޺޵
Цãֻ̾ҡҡͷ


110 ѼӶ
ڵ죬 ϲȺиƽ˿֮ڶ
λϯ֮ף һ £ ٳϯᡣ˷ϳ֣ Ȼٲ˱һﳯ£ͽᡣ
ǶΪȴò˼϶ǿԼƱյ ѲЩʤ
ȻǰƵĹԱһһٲȻǲŹѵõĻᡣ
ϲʱΪΧ̫Ӿǳţ Ҳͼþհɣ
ǣǼգ 
ʱʼˣɽ亣ζζ˵ζƮ
ǰһֻѼӣܰԵһˣ ֪̺ʱַ ûٳԹˡ
ϲһѼ⣬Ϊص˵ͷţѼĻǡô⽹ʮζ˼ǵ̫ӾͰ öԵ㡣
һº䣬 һҲ޽չƣ û˼˳ԳԺȺȣ˿̸˿ڣҲֻǿӡ
ȻӸɫѼӣûθڣϲ΢΢һףƢθʣԲЩĶϣҪ⡣
ϲɫ˰ȻʢҺľһţһЩˮ˳
ĶոջｻȺͬʱԭնʱһ䡭
վţʶ߬ȭ
⺢Ƕʲôϲ˻֣һεôƢθֲˣò׻عһˣ㲹ɡ
ڳԭΪ̫Ӳʶôŭϣȴû뵽ϲδŭԶһЦֻصϣ׷̫ΪЧ̫㣬Լ嶼ˣһ
ŵʱҹݸŹԵȺ
ݸ̵ů¯ҹ䣬ϸţĪҪ˷纮
ĬĬӹ¯׼俴һ
¡ʱڣź죬Ҷѵ⣬ɵǰִŹͺͺɡ
ݸԣҲ˹ȥ
ݸƤǱйİɣ
ݸͷѩֱȽǶ˲ˡ
Ҳܹ𣿡
ݸ֪λشֻóĬ
ջ֣ת˵áֵΪô𣿡
ݸĻһæܿ˿£ֻǧ˵ҪǱĵͷģ
ж󣿡ЦĿֱѵڵûдͷô

ƽ̨ڣͼһ̫ӵҲɲĶȥ
ȻøĵᣬȻְ˽һ졣
ֱҹ˾ڴһӦ񣬽һپꤣŶûüԡ
ʱϲߵ̴ŷ÷ţ£ϷԸūҹˡ
ɡ̫ӵ䡣
ƿʳ
£֪ѼӣΪһݡãʽζһһڷźã̴಻һ˫ӱߡ
δ࡭Ѽӣ̫ӵͻȻڣ˵칬ϣĳ˵Ľ鲡ַˣôõİѼӶû
δϽЦ˵С°ɣղɣС˵Լ岻ԲĶ
ԣԾͰѼתͷøң̫ӵЦš
δɫһ䣬æ͵ˣūôҰѱ˲ҪĶأͷԸѼһݣһСµģһ
̫ӵص˵ͷӳһѼ⣺ζ
δཫ͵عˡ
ϲֻ˼ޣɿ˾䣺͹ȥˣ
δæͷϲɫ죬׷ʵ׷ʲôˣ
δ㽫ղŷһо˵ϲգ̾ϴ۶Ҳ̫СˣһֻѼҲôơôСҪĶС󣬳Եõ˲׼ݣ
˵ţһԵδࣺҲ֪⺢ӴСϲܶʱСѾˣǲġ׵ҲǾΪţ
ԻӢ׼ѼӣȻ¿ɲҪֿˡδ฽š
ϲٺһЦüë𣺡ֿԿҪ㻹ΪϴСʱֻһ֣ڿ˳۵ģֱӡ
˵ţϲֱȻһĨӵĶԼܻŻ
δһͷ亹֮̿ͷǡҪϣūСˡ
ϲûԹԵ˵˾䣺˵ϴҲǸˣô벻ͨأ
벻ͨʲô
ϲַŶͷ¶֮ɫôΪһֻѼӣһܸµĶӣ

󣬼סգ·ϲǣϲҲû
ǡɴʱڻƽ̨̫ӵŹ˵Ҫ½
ǣݱ˸Ҵǰֳ
տʼշ磬Ļѩʼڻ
ݸ·Ľֵһ飬оһڵ֣׷ѵ˶޼
صƽ̨ӭϸմֳ԰
԰˸ݸԭװûӱһŲòҲ԰
԰֪ô£ֻ˿ʲôҲ˵ĿǲԼݵ
ߺݸһѽ⣺СӸղʲôͬһòãҲֻǸͨϸôΣҸŵ£ǹңڶˣ
һ԰ԶȥıӰĿջأߴٵ߰ɣĪøȾˡ
̫ӵ˴νٻػƽ̨Ϊ˼׷䣬һҪЩʳ׷أΪ̫ӵĻʹǽһ
ȱôʳֻѹԼۣԶľ룬ɱòʧ
ҵھֿ̣̫
䱳бĴǾֵ˼ˡ
ѾȶһΪǰΪסǰʹǸպÿԽŻطõɰɳȥʱˣҲЩ׼ɣͳ
̫ӵԸ꣬񣺡ס
͡
֪ΪΣԺиֳոʱ԰Ǹӵܾô˷֮в̫ƽ
лҪ˵
вǼ磬Ǽĵ


111 붼
뷮ڴֵ̼ģ ѺһƷأڳǹشͱ
ιǱߵġվסм飡ߺţ ֻͣ½Ų ̲顣
ʲôģ
ڹԹԻشġ
һڣ üСӵĿ Թˡ
ʱһԵһЦλүö ҺϱԹˣƽﶫС
װʲô
ʳ˵߽ŵĲƿֻǼС
سһͷŽԷһ飺ͦİ
æЦҵģ Ҳֻʳһ Ǯ졣ϾҪԷġ
ģȻ̲飡˾䣬ŽҪǰ鳵Ļ
ʹ˸ɫ ڻ⣬ ǰһѹɤӣλүһ˵˵ţӻͳһСһ Ǹһ⣬ ѣүи㡣
˵еǮӣ صͷԺ͸ողһˣͷһס˭д˽ôʶķϣүүҽƸǷС
æǧлźһų˹ء
ǽһƫƧɽ£ֽʳӰ˵˾䣺ɡ
䣬ľʮˡ
μϣʮһ¹
ԭߵĻҶǾһѵ־ѣ˴ҲǷڵ˼
̧̧֣ʾ
һ˵ͺôҲû뵽ɾͷǽ˳š
ЦһǹصֻǮˣȻɡһССˣɼѾõˣµһǿ棬Ʒ⣬ʵǷ̫ƽ͵ĩ·
ڳ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷ˿ɫʱˣǲȽǣҸط㡣
ǧǰͣһ·Ϸ¶ޣʱľƣͲϴˮ裬˯һǵͷͬ⡣

Ŀ˵ʵʹ۾һ̲ͣ
䲻ľʧļƫִĸ硢粻ĸЩͬһһȴҲκν취״Ǹ޽֮⡣
ݸڽЯһʳش˸ãһü̲ס˫ۣؿԵˣ㡭ȫˣ
ݸΪԷԼ˼ص˵ͷΪ²ʳԾ͡Ҳԡ
Цõ̾ϢҪԣҪͳˣʱѶӳԳˣȽ˳񲻺ڣ
ʲôڵģǵȻôݵķҲҲŲϡ
Цҡҡͷ֪ʲôط
Ķǰ
ûй֮أ֮ǣǾӪʳľ¥ųһ֣⻹ר˿֯Ʒ·Ľ֣ԼƷġˣԭйΨһҹҲϣò֣ƻյôС·죬ڸϼĦ࣬С
ȵȣȵȡݸ˼۾ţôô𣿱
ݸδȥӡĵطžˡǼǡ
΢΢һ㶣Էἰٴҡ
أһͣԭǹǰļ顣
ԭ̫ӵݣʧԶӭǹصһĹ飬¶һĵһõ
ͳǣݸ˫˫ΪУ˳·ķ顣
ѽϺöѽֱʱݸڲ֪ʲôŲһֵģܱȣ£Ҳ㿪ۣʶĦൽǸʲôΡ
ݸ˷ܵģЦٶĽϻǴ˺ϣùٵġɽ֮ߣټչҵó׷ƵôԶսӹúǸ㡭
˵ţֱָָߵһլԺݶϵߣǶסɵݣи֮ؾͲˡߣֻи̲õ𡣡
ݸĽ뵽ԼСʱӣס̾ҵôôࣿҪǸ˸öáͳ˷ȥַҲԸⰡ
̲סָһԴϢ
пһƾʲôϰշԲȥƤ˼Ҳ͹ܹסĵطôɽ̫ƽˣ
ҲҴеĿ֮һ˲䣬ҲÿԽλῼһعԣܷЧͼǿ
߱˼ŽļƻԵݸһض;С̯˼ƮԼһˮɽ髵·̯㣬ɽ髸ִֺһĸۣΡ
ݸһͬʱʿˮСèոôɹ۽ˣûԱ𣿡
ҵĶȷʵˣҵĲ滹ûιݸһȻûκαʾͻȻקסԷĸ첲ҡ߿ţкãֻһСˮɽ髣˶ǮġңݸûԹĶ
û뵽ѾͷȻΪ˳Զˣʱδ磬һ쵱ֵʱ򣬲·ʱ̲ס˲Ŀӡ
Ψֵ±Ϊŵ˵ĳʳҲ˿ֻۣ޿κεͳǮţ㡭ӳԻ˿Թˡ
лģһʡŻģݸۼֿؽסЦò糯ҲһɣŲɷ˵ż֣СűֱߵС̯

Ļӣһ˳˼ҿᡣ
һپ㷹֮󣬴ҶЩʱȥϿڱûʲôֵ飬ȻҪţȻһҪŵġ
ǣ˾粢ʮﳤϣӢͦԼɢĲʹɽ˺Ҳ۳·ĽŮٸĵǶüĿ顣
ЩƵƵ͵ﲨһ»һſţɫ࣬Ų
һԵЦǵ٩ֲѲߣôʲô˵ˣǰķξѵ˼Ů˲ɣ
˶Էĵڵǳ˳飬ȴ޴˵
źۼЦЦ֣µһ¶Էļ磺翪ţŮӣұţֱӵķʽﰮ⡣ոǼ϶ǿˣ⣬Ƕ˰ɡŮòйжǳģ֮Բ
Ц֮ԣȻȴǴͬɽľɽµСҲСңѲ
ʱðԻţߣ಻롣
Ҷģǻĺ׳־緢
ϾͲҪȤˡԽ˵Խףڲ֪
˳ĬãȻڵڣôԾȻһΪŲ𣿡
ԣôꡭЩ£ˡںָ˭
ϣʹԼȷݸΣ
̫ӵ֮Ѿע޷ͷôݸֻǷ곡Ϸʲô
֮ɱ£ǲ˲ݵӣ̫ɼ
ˡһ᲻ŵĿ̾
ȴͲ˷ҵˡ
أڵĻ緹Щ壬ȥǰ̯Щɽ髸ʳɡ
лҪ˵
졭꼲ٿ


112 ǰԵ
ˮɽ髣 Ҫ롣ݸ˵꣬ͼһͬվ̯ߡ
ֽ̯صˮһ˶һ롣
ľ룬 ͷ޵ɽɫ ˺һŵͷѾڴõݸôվųԣ
Ȼأݸǻϡ ָΧͬԵýζˣ λҲվô
⻹ͷһվųԶ Ȳϰߣ档
СľǩһִԲɽ髣ԱûעŷĵصͷһڣüëһɽȻ࣡
ǰ̯ϲЦˮɽ髿ɸҵĲһ ҵɽ髲ȥ˺ˣ滹࣬ ³棡˼õĹۣõѿǣ壬 ټɽ髣 ˵ʵڻǼ汲ˮģԭ˵Ҳ߰˸ˮģֻʣһӣ ƾʲôƾֺţ
̯ϲţ Ĳɵøп˶Ľһˮôá
ݸֻŵͷԣ Ƭͼ˵ףǮˣһŷϵǮӲɣ
ҵǮأҵǮĶȥˣݸˣĿ롰žһǿǵ¸ѽ
ȱ𼱣ǲǵˡһ߳԰ԷĽǣһ߶-ҡ
ģϣԵʱڣôһת۾ûˡݸš
ȷǮǱ͵ˣΧ˺ܶ࣬ӦûûüԶ
ĿתǰȺͻȻ䣬һվס
ȻȺһĨӰһζһֵȥˡ
СܣʹթɹС͵ݸɶҲ˱׷ȥ
ǰӱ̯סûأ
׷С͵ͰǮ㡣
Ȼۼ֤ԭȺͰ׵̯ϲȴ˸ˣץӾǲţ˵ԼСôףռֱ˶ô񻰵ȵȡ
Ҳëˡʲôʱ˵Ǯˣ
һˮɽ髣ԼҲ
ۿ·˿ʼ۹Χۣһҧժһ۴Сӣ̯һģ飬ʮС̯ˣ
߷ߵؽ仰˦£תͷҲصȥ׷ݸ

ֵһͷȻеعš
ʲ˼ˣ⸽иС̯ˮɽ髺ܳ
˵꣬һӣҪǶСԵĶҪԾһ˵ġ
ڵһμʶʳŮٵ˵εЦЦ֪ģҴӲʳ
УǹȲ裡ͳиȲĺȥұ֤һ᲻С
ڲ֪ǷڰʵʲôƻԷǸصýԲǺȲô򵥡
ʱȥ˼䡣
һɵ۾⣬ⲻװɡ
δ䣬Ȼһɧ˲Լͬתȴֻˡ
Ҹһʣ֪ոиǮ͵׷ȥˡ
ļҵĹﰡǿģҲ˹һִֻϷڵļ򣬡ˡƯеǣͳõĲȴݴ

ڽ˶࣬ݸʹṦ׷һСëǲڻµġ
һ֣ͨȻܲסСܽһСʵܲ׼ͣЪʱݸһ׷ǰ첲һץɽԷ˰˹ݺݵĶȻ͵̵Ǯ塭
Ȼֹ
ݸû뵽ԼǰǸСҲʮһ꣬մŻңģ˿ȥƼݣһ˫۾־
ݸץ֮󱩴Էһ٣һǸӣʱ²ˡ
һҲ׷һĻҲɵˣúõĺӣΪʲôҪѧ͵
ңҡǺ˫ֱͷڵɪɪǮҲ֮ݸϵġ
ĬĬǰ-̧֡
СԭΪҪŵøϽ˫ۣȻԷֻȥϵĻҳ๸
С۾޷ŵؿǰʤѩͬӻ߳ˣһʱסˡ͵һٳ򱻴δ˻ô˰Ŀ⿴ΪزȥϵĻҳ
Сģ̾һǮڶԷ̧Ժˡ
ֱݸ˫˫ԶҲ续һİɫӰӲᣬĬĬеǮСģ·ŵĲһǮһϡ䱦
Ϊ˷ٸͳǸ֮أû뵽Ҳ޼ҿɹؤʳˡһǰһ߳˳ٴλص˷ĳ֣˼ոǸ泾ڵĺӣݸԼ·ȫͬ䡣
ʲôļ֮أ֮У֮ƲϣΨʧȨһͿأѰպ¿˰ֻ꣬˭ֲսգһƼݵĺӣܲ
£ʵղһֱ˵ʹǮҪ͵ҲδػġǲԸǳ͵桭ݸ˵ţ΢˵ͷǸ˺ܾǰԼҲǸСؤ̼ӣҲ͵˵Ķ˯ֳ˵ʱҰʳǺбѡƽ̨Ͷڽͷˡ
ԣҲȥ˺֣οݸļ磬ȥˡ
ûиݸǣǸͯʱ
Ŀⲻ򼧵ݸɵþ£أ
Ҳ͵˰ɣǶڲϵѽô˲Ᵽ
Ǹˮɽ髵̯Ǯˡ޹һ̯֡
ݸһۣʲô
̯ˣ±ˡôҲûãֻá
̫ˣӦ֮ݸΪ߿̺ͷߣȥ
סݸˣʱѾ̯ˡ˵ǾС£鷳
ݸھΣϾҪóԵģҲڷô鷳һżֵǵˮܻضţջ֮ǰĻһҲ棬ã
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ڶгꡫ͵


113 ֮
شɽ֮ 泯︷ᡣºʪط֣ Ĳ䲻ǰǰǣ йҲС Գһɫ
ͳǵĳǲ¥ Ʒ۵Ŀϯ
ڸڴмУһССĲ¥̯ﲻϾ
ǰһĽС¥ʱ ͣ˽Ųˡ
ʶƣԵһҶϵ֣°ͣĥʲôٷ¥ֵмַš
һ佫Ųţ ֻ뵽ٷ硱ʡ
ѵ¥Ǹӣ
Ⲣؼģָǰžӣ һͷˮǼҰ
˭˵ĵطͲܺȲ裿ߣ˵ų˳Էǣһͬ˽ȥ
֮ǰһ·϶ǰ棬ʱλԿλãʱݡԴ˽ٷ¥ ȴ÷ǰ棬 Լ΢΢ͷ󣬷ڶԴղ
˵ĹȻͱĲ¥һһ¥Ĵͷܶ  ˮͶ˹ƷĵС
ɹǣҲ¥ﶼУ ǻԶ̸ۣȺΧһ̸ģĸɴһż䣬ͼʦɪϡ
ٷ¥ڵĿһԾ۾Ŵöǽϵ˶̣żнҲǵ̸֣ûеġ
֮ϣڰɱ
֮ΤȻ˿Ҳһۣͷһ⡱˶¥
ȵľͷһڰҵķ䣬һλȹҷءļڷһࡣ
ˣŮӷ溬ЦĿȴͷѲƬ̣촽֮ǰλ֪λ˭λӣ
ӺųơľڣϤ¡ȴ˺͹˵ӶֲڿҲˡ˵⻰Ƿڡ
ʵսٷ¥ʱյİʾȻ׶ԷʲôôϵĵԼҪֻϡ
վһԲ򰵰Ϊ˴ĴָԭΪֱԽô˵û뵽ݵûô£
˵ЦˡҼĽӷѾãԸύֻǰϵţδлݡҵüǷʣӢ䲻ô۹òūӡеĻͬ
üһ˼ŲôͱԷ˰ɡ
ڽסʵ֪ӡеĹǸʲô
⡭ūҲԡ
ֻһ㲻˼ɡ
һȳߵһۣ渵ӿڿ˵ԼԵֻǸӣūҾλͽüĿһʼūҲ㽫ϳ
ʱǰһԺһ֣ɹ·ڡ
ԭǷξѹ׿Ⱥף۲תѣһһЦ侹ַ飬񷮴ſ亱УūҲˡ
ͦ˵ġţȴ򴽲ԣ״
ڰݵģȻҲҪ֮ϣ¶š
Կ϶ǣǰһϮȹŮӾǷ֮ͿڸӦˡ
֮ǰԼٷ¥Ҫ̣ڸңһ˸ڵżƷ衣
ұҪµŵİľ㣬м䱻һΪ
ʲЬȴŵƿŲ̲סһķ򣺡ˣ
Ҽˡ
˵̣Ϊڣܶ
͵ҼµĹأ̸ֻһ֣ұȡʤսƽ档
õû뵽ôͱԣڵһԼõô
ԼԼǹءϾûʸ̸ġЦ̿ˣȻ͸ǿӲ
һٲȻûʲôˣڱתˣתһϾ˼ҵĵ̣Ҳֵ̫˵ֻΪ̽Է̬ȣҲǺ
ǣ˶˸롱ƣˣǾͲȰɡ
˵ˣԶǿͣ롣ȹڷڶ棬˵߽ǰ֮ˡ
ޱִһźӣµСĿλãȴڷɡ
ٷ¥˴֮󣬿̣ģ
ʱ俪ڴ˼֮ģСĿ
ţ˻Ʋϵʮ֮ģλ
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ݸһֱƲ֣Ҳؽֵĵˡ
ΪǸСؤ㿪䡣
û뵽ݸ̾ţҲùǸСƨأٻеµأ˭ѽ
ʧҰԷŪúǮ͵鱻ôԼ
ҾܵĵĿʺ͵µǴ𣡡
ݸһСʲôĵ£Խû߼ˡʾΡ
ٹһ־͵ˣϼһգͬʱݸ˵Щеûˣȥһĵط
һ˵桱ݸ۾һ
ָŲԶһΪٷ¥ĽŬŬ죺ǲǡ
ݸ˷ܾʱˣ¥ɶģʿƷ۵ĵطأо⡭
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ʵ֤ȷƭ
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ſǵĿȫǽҵľ޴֮ϣݸŶ򡪡ԭ˴Ѱ¥շ֮أνĲʵġ
Ҷȫע̣ݸҲ˼˦ӴԴȣѧ˵ӽҿյһڣȴƮ˰һͬһĲ֡
ͳһ㡭
ݸʿˮĬţ˿ֱһҧ
ۣڼͷкüϣֱóԵ޷ݰ
¡һ죬һСƴĲ־һ£
ݸһϽĿԵļּһھ۾عעĽ
ûãûע⵽ҵĳ࡭
ݸһۿѽ̣ڰ˫ĽҲȻڱ֮ǰӰֻʣڴϷ졣
ûһȤҲȻΧ˵Ĺע㶼ϣ˳ȥ˻ЩһԴðײá
밲һ¥ȣٷ¥һؾϵԽԽ࣬¥ۼ˽ſΧ˸ˮйͨ
ݸ˺ô󾢶żԴȻЩ˸Χģھע
ݸһ£ڰ׵ĿǰһʮѺʤʣµѺƽ֣ɵþˣôѺӮڷǺռܴư


114 ʿ
ݸһڣ һ˿·ͷǡɸսһӸ֮ˣȫѺ
ͷºעתݸﲻ˰ɣ
ݸͷǴġ
ѹ֡סͳģ˲֪Ĵ
ӣݸգգۣ ̲סһ۱ٷ¥ ִǸ
ͷƺķӦЩ ʺıߺߡһλˣ ͬʱҲٷ¥ˡ
סôֵĽݸиţȴʵˣָպܸߣѲɱȹֻ
˵գ ǸͷһӴ˻ϻӣʲôǰֻͶķݡȥ죬ĹǰսһԶֱ̣Էǽһķڷʱͳһ˶ӵٷ¥ս ˾һԶ̫ǿˣҶԷҲԭһĶ֣ תѺ˺ԵĹȡʤǣҿʵżʹһԶҲ䡭
˵ţ ͷԼĴƤȻ ѺˣӮһأʵǸţ˿ɼ
⣬ͷԵΪԺ ʤԼһ
˼ǲŲҪ ҾǸĵ˲šݸͷۣͻȻһ ѿڶÿζעѺλϣ׬ˣ
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һǮעݸͷȻҵ˹ͬ⣬Ҳ˼Ǹ󸹱ͷˣס۷Ź⣬úϲ£죺ġôõô
ˣٷ¥иĵĹأڿĿ˶Ⱥһ壬ֻʤƽ֣ŻΪɽʤǲܵģǰ߶Ǿ֮սƽˣٷ¥ҿ˻ʤɲ˶л壬һиξͲˡ
ݸעصѾˣ˿̵Ӷô֮ǰһǮʧĻûܶӮ㣬æʵעüô
ֻڽУȻüҪעͳɣʱͣʹӮҲ׬˼Ǯͷ䣬Ѿһʮ塣
ȻǣʱһӶûУûǮôİ
ݸȥһΣ׼ͷϵķͳͳժѺһӱ׽ס
һ̣Ȼӱ𣺡Ѻ˭
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Ҫһֱչٽǲ׼·ˣջ⣬࣬ˣƽ̨Ĺ㶼𣿣
ûֻʧݸͷ֪۳ʲôĿĶǮǲԵģҲǻƽֹ̨ġ
̾ϢһǻһǮûҲͰˡһһжпܱ˶ϣҲ㣬˵Сһ˷ݿô죿û
ôء˵ˣ̫ӵŮ㱻˿ڶǮҲûʲôˡݸСֹòлһʣû־ͱƽ̨׽Уôùɡ
ĻȻԷģǾͲ¡
֪Ĵҡ֪͸Ŀ֮£ҲǵߣɲΣ͸ǵһֽģǻƽ̨ϡġ
˵͸ϸѱ鲼ӹŮ֮жǵˡ
ݸѵ˿ĭ˽⼧ʲô˵ʲôӲαԲ̲סĴ˼ۣԽԽΧ˸⣬뵽ղδüע㱻£ʱ겻ѣǻǿݰɡ
ʲôһҪꡣ֪ΪΣܸоЩԾ
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ݸǾȣ˵ǸʲôӵĹΪʤ׾٣
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ĬЩ֣δݸǣ·ʶ
أٷ¥һɧ
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˫ʧȻؿǰ֣ૣʮֱѸתѵ
£ôˣݸٿ¶˾㵵ɫס˾䡣
ϻ䣬ͻȻתš
ݸæ׷£˵Ҫ忴𣿡
첽ǰͷҲأѽչ٣䶨ˣٿȥˡ
Ҳ˵ǰúռôĵ̣ٽԷһƣ
ôءֻΪʵñ˾Լɣ
ݸһʣ׼ȴߵ·ƺԣѵ£ݲ·ϰ
ȥ͸Ǹһ򵥡


115 Թ֮
һźӣ ü˼ãջǽеĺӷŻУˡ
áษ׻һȻʼͷ̺ӡ
 ʹδ¶ ﻹⲻΪֶڻ ߵűߣ ˿ͻȻʤ˱ҳ£Ҳ١ Ҽ̸Ļǡ
ͷ޵ŮղŽʱǰЦ绨
̨ĵƻӳӰǡƴӻлû飬ָֻֻѰĺѡ
뿪ңһ΢ĽŲ һĨӰűⲽͬһĻڻްķƮ
ǰˣȻ û뵽Ȼǵĵˣ
滨ҲҪʵеĺһΪüƣȴվȡ衣ӻ̧ͷ һſ¶ֱ鲼ڻ谵Ĺ£ Ұ׵ͷ࣬ݵЩڣ촽ȴǲ̬Ѫ졣
Ҳͬòһ죬ɳмż һ˵ͬһֵ죬 ͷƤ顣
Լϰ˶Է£ Ȼȥ裺ūһ²ζ϶֮˲أ
Цǽٷ¥һ̣ұڶ¥Ĵ߿һǰÿһ˫ŵļ඼ǹ̶ģ˵жӳ٣Ҳֻо˵Ĳ뻮һ֪ûھľһʼҾ֪Ǽٵġðƻ¶ɲֹһҪ㡭
˵ţζؿǰĺ䡣ū޶ֻۣԷ˫ֻڴкܺϼ룬˵ҪôһոũҪôһʹ˫ֽĽͬ͡һ˵ֳֽūҲŶ϶߾˵꣬˫ַ辴ϡ
ܿһ㻹㲻ϧԵһδܲ
Ӳûнӹ裬ֻһֱŰͽ̡
䰡˽ҵġһϰϴͽ̣¹޾֮󡭡
צƵѵ´Ůӷ۽ĵӹͦıڶü۴ͣת
ժ˲䣬ٲƵ˿£һֱѩĽס
ūұֱ̧ۣ־ٰơ
Щĸ첲˿̵ȫֻһ˿֯-£ںĿ΢΢
֪ڷŭҲµõԷŭ˳ɺԼйأȴ벻Լˡ
һıԣʹδܿҲܷ
̫໰ˡ㿴ǻкأʵöԷһ۰׵°ʱʱصĦһùӨӨյ
Ǻ˼ǲܣϢŭŮӵɫЩףشҲڲ
ڲ˺κ¹ѪķϣٽһءһԱسơˡˣڿǿôԽǿԼݣԽ˵
Ұ׳ɨеĲո˵ǡһβ裬յһӡ
һѲʣﱻ˺飬˱㱻ѹϣһӹһأ졣
һ̣ӵ͹飬Өϸӡ
Ѭζ÷塭
ݹ᾵ıסŮӲӯһյɫʬһָšű-̬ĿС
оϵ˽ϢģӷϼٵشϢ䲻ɵðҲ¹ѪӵĲ࣬ɾܵˡ
ƽϷŲĳ죬ͷ᲻صҧҧŮСɵĶӵشЦţôĸˣǷڣ
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õ̧֣˲ԼδƬƣΪԷۣͷ
ĹһΡҪμסˡѴĿӸµڵΪЬŮӣҲúҲգٷ¥һҵ˽ƷԲҪФЩеûģ𣿡
ūҲҡ˫ַأ顣
һⲽңͽһ-˿--ҵŮԼһصǽ塣
֪ʱϨˣϢɻ֮ȥ
毺õںڰУҵڷס˰Ӱ̱ڵϣһӶؿԼϵϣ˫ְ߬

ص֮󣬷ȻƲ֡
ԭΪԼӣһ̣ȴ벻ٽչٱɱƬײ˵ǲܵġ
ոյ˼С͵᷿޾ɵģȰοһô˾ˣο㱾Ͳó˵
²Ϊ죬δϽ񡭡˵ţͷһ֣һʱȴԷ涼ûʵиϵС
һ䡰ô߶Ȼڴüúķʲôһʱܲڡ
ûйڷڵ˼οһιȻû棬ɶԷǿӲ̬Ȼٻ̽ˣҲ
ʱ˼£⴫С˵λ͹٣ǵˡ
̾Ϣһ̧̧°ͣȳԷɡ
ͱȽϼ򵥣һʳһһݣС˻Ϊ׼̳Ͼơ
ʳ֪ζֻ֪ͷƵķڣθڻߺȾƱ߳Բˣһ˴룬ֶʣµһС覡Ĳȣһ֪ԭǼЦԣҲǸӹţһ뵰ѣȡ˸űߵ֡
ڼûԶٲˣǡ˹ˡڱ㽫һ̳ƺһ߲ľҺ̧ͷʱ΢˹߻ЩС£˽̤ʵأʲô˵ʲô嵭ӪһϲʳЩ
ѵÿ˵һߵͷһҨŵԵòֺ˵ϲԼ˵ϲԼ
ȻֹڿͻȻֻͷ漴ʶԷһˣһǡⱲӶҪˡ
Ѿˡϵڻ޷ͻ𣿡ʹ˵һ䣬ŷΪԼոյڲѡ
ԼֻǾܲͻҪҪͻʱֵõһ๣
ƺ⣬һ䣺أΪңҲݸһˣ𣿡
Ӧ˽µΪˣϲΪ˶Ů鳤ڻ
ôЩΪ֣׷ʵ
أǰѲԸ뷮ҲˣһҪƶԷ˵ԶԼɡ
Ҳ֪Ǻ˾ƻǱ̫ãھһֱָ̬ӿżɽ㵱һŲ֪ҵ£á
ԷἰףЩһĻĻһԺɫѿɱ˵Τ͋ҡ
ûֲ㡣Ȼ㣬ҵòף޴̸𡭡˵ţҡҡλεվ𣬡ҵƲѣ빬˼ɣСøռǲñʹʧĸȴҼ˵Ըͽ󹬡
û˼ǼҵԸôˣطһ䣬ЩҴôҲһʣûһǷҵ£
ڿɬһЦǰһһ䣬㰮𣿻һ˵ϲ𣿡
ˣʱƿԡ
С˼ʲô飬Ҳûʲô棬޲Ҳòû̫ӵ֮Ķʱꡭϲһأȴַ·ĸ֮ʽСиңֳȴһֽگٽ˹СñһλĴӡǣһôˣЦǣһ֪Ϊ㰮
ԭͶĻԹ
δ䣬㱻ȻϣԣԹһ㶼ϲȴΪֻΪҵáöԴͬķʽȡҵҳϲǲǣõһҷڵĵۣ
ҧ´ֱؿŷƶԽԽա
Ȼһƽǰ˸ѣ߶ԷԼδйͷ
УһֱֿѣǾ
ΪЩǶ֮ԽԽ룬ټϳȴθλķڽżʹѹżɴؽԷ󹬣һ򳯳ʾԷڵĿأһҲΪ˰Էġ
ôҲû뵽ԼһȴĽ
Ҵδһӡ
ֹ顣
ǰ˵أ
ӶԷΪΨһ֪ѣԷǷҲһ㿴
뵽رۣվδһ֡
лҪ˵
֣ѹǮ˲ٰɡ


116 ͸
͸ĸ⣬ һҩ֡
ͳһλСҽʦ
Ȼڲ˵ֲô룬 ÿ˶ųɳӣ Ϊģ ֻΪ˼ҵҽֻ߳ش
ҽݡ
ҽģ ʮַϡ
̧ͷһңƹŶҽȺ ݸں
ţȿһͷҩСҩͯ
ʣҽʦŲ΢˾䡣
Сҩޣ Ĵ۾¶ֺ棺ʦ˼ҺæԤԼ𣿡
ЦཱུСǴӱģ ǰԤԼˡ
Ժ򣬴ǰȥʦҩͯòóλԱ㼧Ȼ⡱С¥
Լ͸Ԫϣ Ȼڵǰڼӡݸܲˬ Ƕ˵ﲻǰӵƫ;ͱһߡ
ĪҪ˵ĵӣΪƽ̨ĵһԱѪִ͸һְֱڴˡ ǵǰ ҵȺƬкβɣ˵ôҲΪ˽
һֱǼĽ֮ˣ ֻƽ̨ڽʣΨһܹؽ̵ǰˣ˵Ǻ󱲶ǰ𾴣˵ǶǸ
Сȴ־ܳʿ㿪·ʿÿһ˽ΪϹᡢѪ
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ûҽݻǵԼеļҲġ˵ŲѶԷСЩ˼ҵĶ
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ĽûȻǵִ̫ǣһȫвп͸ʮѪʶɽʱá
ճѵƥ֮£ʹ³ҲһʱңΨʱƷϸˮڲ֮ء
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׼ǰߣݸʹ˸ɫ
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δȼػ һλϳϷŹЩʳȱ൱Ǳ ӶҪˮˣ ظ²ʳϷͲˣŮŮ˹Ͻֵĵز ȻжĲڣ
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֪֪ˣܰսսˣ̸ͬųҹɫ̰ͼ֣ηսѲԵġӹܣ϶ӺʤĽ飬Ÿô˵ԹΪʵʱʶƢҶٻ˽һЩġ
񻹼ǵСʱͰٰΪѵ龰찢Ϊ˱ʧɱ˶ԷߵһͯԼҲ˵úأòڱܷͷ
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ݼ¼һգüһ𣺡ӵĵһ⡣
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119 뻢ıƤ
ݼ¼һգ üһ𣺡һ⡣
ﲻԾݸƣݵ֮ǰѿһ飬 ֮
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ݸҲݼ¼һԱȣ ̾ǵϸģΪһûأû뵽
ӦǶԷαʱ©ʱ Խǵˮ©Խɡ˵ţżŵϷٻ١
أֽ޷ЯһĨҹɫϢǱ᷿ ǰ½ֽ
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ͷİɣ ǲ֪顣ͳǻ˶ʮ꣬δ˭ܴܿЩ϶ĹǵĿɾǵܼ
ˣ ȻҪ֧ǵ̫ӵ¡ϵ
뼧Ĺ֣ ԷյľտȻ̹ǶڼȡʤŲɣ ȴû뵽һȺоСĳЦ
ԭţѹһͷ˺ᣡ
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ｨֳ˸֮˭һƺҵģԡ
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ҼǰսȻ֪ءһ²˵˲ϲˣΪҪأֱӵʡ
ӿڣϷ˵ָԵ֮ˡϷĶڲ֮أضԵˡԵΪβ
һЦ˵ġԵָǶԷʵɡ
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شȻ
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ݸܽңֲſڸɵţת¥ҵԤλӡ
£С˹һ򣺡ʲôҪģ
ݸһյ裬ֽ־
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׼ãͻȻһɧеĿٽӿ̡
ݸͷһĿࡪֻټȻһźӣ
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ʱ˴ǰ鼱֮Էһץסͷô£
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Ҳ״סˡԪ廹ô£

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ԷþûлӦδԵöż϶˶Է˼ڤܾá
ϥϵְ߬½ǣû˵ֻܰԷĵһַǸС
ʮ֮ġλƼ䣬ӵ
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ʮ֮ʮ䱨
δһʼͽԪ·Էֶλϸ벻
۽Σ׾Ե𡰾סĸ֣

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ٶ𽥼ӿ죬಻ʾѸԻӦ
ŴϵĺڰԽԽ࣬ΧߵɫԽԽѿ
ڣʵ̲סˣµʲôһԪȻհ߷ڶԳƵλϣƽֱ֡Ƕ£
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ѽҲ롭˼ǰԼļȥſ˯һͷְſ͸ɱˣɲǸô
ݸ޿̵İ𣺡ι˵δ̫˰ɣ涨ôˣ
ո˵޿ɱ粵ֻݸһۣ㬵ƫͷ
ȻûĹ涨ǵôкβɣݸǰۣһѣôͳ޳ˣ̼֮СǼ
ǰ˱ƿԣ˶ԴӲ
Ȼָݸıӣ˰ɣ
ôݸصɣá
Źһ仰ʵ֪ڣʳ֪衣ԲˣǸļӣЦ£̼֮Σܱȡؤ֮Ҫðɣ˵⻰ǸŶЩīˮڴ˵ߵǷǣʴʡ
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ۿҪ֣ʱһλ̴Զ¥̨ף˵ٴת̡
Ȼ̴ӿڱˣһٶʮ֣Ͷ䡣
лҪ˵
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ģ˵ķӦǸԵˣ


121 ⷢ
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ôܣ
ΪʲôҪ䡭
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ͽˣ
ݸҲɵתͷ̴һ޹ Լֻģ ôࣿ
ͬʱ ¥ը˹
ͽһ̻ڶ䳰ȷ ȻſϢһȫɵۡ
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ˡͶӣǫѷصͷ׿ е֡һʱңʵ̱ӦǺ;֣ 䡣
ӿһԹ𴽽ǣ̫ӵΪǷ˲˼ȻִҪϷôϷβ˳⣿Ϊ䣬 ̫ӵһ䣬 ȥ𣿡
ЦЦ漴һݣǱڴĻ档
պٷ¥Ϸٴι򡣡

ݵһ·϶˶Լָָ㣬 ݸܲЩĿ⣬ Է߳Щ
˵¥Щ˳ͻԭһֱڱĿļȻ˳Ĭ
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ݸҲͷһԲ
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ûѽûüأ˭öԷˡһ޷ŵӣҪɳˡݸСţ·ʲôˣôӮ˿ӣ
˵ǶԷˮ𣿡
ݸüͷһ˼̶ҡҡͷɡˮпܣľȫ³ɺ;֣ûҪԼ䰡
ʱŻ۾ǵҵһĶ𣿡
ݸѿڶС
ô²Ϊһƽ֣̽˶٣˵Ҵ˷սӲӮֻΪȷԷǺˡ
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һһԷȳŵ棬ճԼǡ˵꣬۾
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ЩͽȫѺ̫ӵ䣬¹ʵڿȥѺ෴ġæ͡
ǹ˵ģ֪˵ʲôãֻļ磬ҾͲˡ

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죬ڼ̽̽ȴ˵ʲôҲȥ
ΪгԼºԸ֮⣬ֻĿ֪е֮ˣҶʱ֪ͨܳ⡣ǿӣҲûҪôˡֱԣһʵǶˡΪ鲢ûôأ˼ȥô˲֮١
һʯͷϣһ¾װŻս彣һ˫עǰ𣺡ûҪԼãǰѹ˵ٳƾܽΣߣΪλϸ룬ܰλҲֹһܳɹ£ټԼӰλҲǲܡ
ֹ֪ΪΣʼվͻȻǸӹϵ󣬵൱һ̫ӵԵʡϸ̫ӵԲűܶ
ôܳʲôԵɣЩҲǻ¡Ͼƽ̨йĿãһֻɺϣڳӻ棬һƽ̨֣񲻴ͷ
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ͷһۻɵɫֻܣɽҰģһ·ɽûĶĵط
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ҹ㡯һʮϣ䵽ķȼ԰ߣǵϻǹղ£ɴ-ʹ˻䡣ʱһ㶼õ۽һζس̧̧°ͣˣδɻ飬źŮ˶ûУ֪Ҳ
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ĺˡ˵ˣ㲢ЩѰ-ҩʹö޺˵ţüһЦȶ˻Ѫأ
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һۣһ𽫻ѲȻת
һڶһ˽


122 ߺ
뷮ڸȥϢ һͬŴźڶߵ̫ǰȻ֮طݡ
ϣ ФŮڴףԸ˼Ƶóɣ λ ң ҽһ֮Ѫɱ
źϤ
һü漴ʲô
ڴԱ˸ץˡƣ ҡҡͷʾʱ
κֱժñ¶һ毺õȻǺ䣡
۾ ֵͷеĲֲϵζͺմȾζһġ
ϣ Ʒϰվ˲͵תͷ̫üͷȹһ
⣬ Ҫˡ
Էʹ˸ɫ ׼ͻȻϮʱһֻ󣬴ҡڵʳƷ
俴ȥһδֻת뿪ˡ
ͬ˿вˣ ȷѾԶ ŴӺ߳
㷴Ӧ찡ڣһϨĻѣ һûãҲûҪԷ֡
磺ϣ̶ѨһССĺ䶼ݣΪ˵ز˾Ϊȫü̶ع
һǻô˼ǰ׷ѹ򣿡ȻԸʱʱ뿪ɲġ
ҪʲôǵѡЩǶһ֪
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סˣĴ㣬ȴֻ˵һ֡ȡ
ȷʵĿǰֻеȣȴӵĵȴ̸еĽ֮󣬷ܶᡣ
ڵȻóʵԷʱ̶ڹעżһһֻôʣҶҲֻա

ԼʱڵˣһԶʻ
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ЦЦµǿ͸
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ڣȵ޷⸽һȥｻ̸Ҳ˴šΪأ
˵꣬ĿӹԷĲͣСɶµĺ۴
ˡ䵭ػ˾䣬ȻԾڵĶǱͷڶ˾۵ס
סɨһ۵ϵĲݶѺ¶ԭסôƵأ̫ίˡһ̫ӵͣعľƵӣ̾̾
Լ˳ǲ̣Իػȴȿ˿ڣڳ֮ǰûһԼĴ̫ӵʹΪͻȻս飿֪ݣ᲻Ὣһи֪Իȡ棿ˣ֮䲢޽ףĳ㻹ǵĵˣ˵Ҫһһ鵽׵ġǸ̫ӵӣʱ¿ɵСĵ㣬𱻿ʲôߡ
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ȻԷἰԼݣ΢΢һ䣬ָֻܿԭôԸֳأ
ⰵ˰һһ䡢ϣá
Сʱȥˣ̸е˻ûг
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׸ϣʲôƢȻ˽⡣οعʵõͬĹҹ𣿡ûƭ䣬һǾðֵġ
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ãһε̸ҲؽûнôĴơĳı踺ضΪС
뵽⣬΢΢˸̺Ĵһ˿ɬҵݣط˶֪˰ɡ
һ֮ǰȥ׺Ļ뵽ԷȻôͳˣǽյĺ᣿Դϴ۹һλ뿵׾챻ϣ޽յ䡣һֱΪһѾ롣
޳ܵ˵ǣ伥Ц¶Եĺ⣬걻֮ʱһİ˴棬Ҷ޴ϣһ㷴֮ûСģֻжʮˮԺõˡǽձϵࡣԹ֮𣬽ÿһλᶼμġ
ԣΪ£ΪλıߣҲΪ˱ϣӦ֪Ҳϡ
ĿģʲôĿģˡСŮ˵˴ɲصģıӰع档
˵Ķˣڲɵ÷ֺݸһһλֱڿ֮ˣЩǷ֪飿
Ȼнһ̽ζֻǵںĹģ㲻ѡ
ἰӣԵú䵭ֻ֪ǽ֮ȴ֪ڴ˴ݼ֮¡
˵ţ΢һ٣̶̧һ˫Ŀӯӯŷڣ˽ЩƷľСŮм֪ʲôҪСŮģ
һЦ£ҲҲգǵ£ع޹ءҿʮưܣλּΪƫƧݼ߲ñ֪ǡڴ˴̸ұ㽫ЩǾ֮ͣл
ӣ䵱¿֮Ǵˣжáпš
ӹɽȣĺ䲻֪û塣
˾ԶϼǵӰȾһĨõĽɫ޵ĺĺڽһȹ½ڷҷ
ԶԶһۣһתʧ


123 İ
ٷ¥İ ȡ
ȷе˵ǿѹ֮áܺϵı鿴һҲá
Ӵлһ֮ϲȰ˲¹޾ƣ ֱЩ
䱻Ūʵڲܣ ̲סڵ˶ӣ βЩá
δ䣬 -¶ŵҺ촺ɫĽӰһơ
Ķڴһ뵹ˣոձҸɵʱ ǲҲڻͶͱ
ūˣūֻϣܻ֧֣Ծλ
ǵС˼ΪҲ֪ûϵЦţͻȻһѳԷڷǿƫͷԴͷľӣ úÿһڵӣߵԣ ῴô
ͭӳŮӵӣӯӯˮĿ촽΢޲ɷ
Ȼ¿ ǹ޳Ĳȴǳǳҧӡ ΪǰһĨ˼--ҡ
֪˶ã¹޾ƵЧڷӵòˣ֧˯ȥ
ƿ֣ ش ̴ӴһͰˮȻľͰƴϴЩۼ
ߵԣ ῴôӵĻħԺоþƣ֮ȥ
ĲԾ߬ƲЩٻĵ⣬ʣµıֻ
˵öԣУͬһĴڣֻֻ
³°ܣԷԼĶ
ֻԶ߸ϡ
ڳˣԶ޷ġ

˼֮ȥӵݣɲ飬տǡյĸǰǽһٿӵ˽⣬֮طһˡ
ǣｫӵ̸ͷβһ飬سǾ򼧵㱨е
ľȻûȿ֮ĽͼıеŵĪڿӵݡ
Դ˵Ʋ⣬Ҳƶ˶빫йأȴôҲû뵽ǹıˣ
깫ĶλʧܣԷڸУʵΪ˶ĿеĽѿ֮ƣ֮ò䣬ûϵó˭ˡ
˵꣬꣬Ծò˼飺ӡ仯ܴ𣿡
еĹǸɣ֮ǰǳٷ¥ĶԾ֣δӵݣȻһͷӰԼ˵ƶϳԷӦǸĺߣ빫䲻
ˡ˵׽֮Ҳϲ룬˵Ҫ֮棬ʱ֪ˡ
ݸʱŴӼȾлع񣺡һ湻ݵİΪ˴ﵽĿģԼ´˺֡˵е֮ضôʵ̫ˣʱɵôСİ
͹ôָؽϵף˼ܾҶɽ𣬱ضǸˡ˶ʱƣ밢̸뽩֣Ӧع뻢ıƤֲôѱֻ֪Լ˵ܳΪһ
һ˼ǳƻع֮ϵʵΪҪЮöԷӶòǣ
ֻҵһ롣ӹֵµĴ󳼲ǶǺͿˣͨһȻöⲢܽ⡣һĸ󳼵ĽԵֹͨЭ飬֮ǰǴ˳һʱֻܸɵۣԣѰǿҲָһԼĿ
ݸһֱͷѽǸ׵ģ紵ߵ۲ܰѱȫѺϡ
ǵģԤеԼпܱ¶һ֮ԼǸ塭
δ䣬ݸΪȻشϵǻµһ˵ˣĹҪֲ֣ǲ֪ԼʲôˣҾͲӴ󵽸Ŀ֮¶֣
粵ֱԼԼûô򵥣ȻѾֻʱѹĵס

Լ׼ʱٷ¥һ̴ǰغ
˷ȲǰʽȻڴڡװֻδʹŵ͵һͨ
ڴ֮ǰѸմġǰȻۿſӱһһ߳ʱĻǰһ
ŹݺᡢüĿҲۼҲ޷ͬǸ湫ϵһ
̫ӵ¾žޣ°ѾԻʵңӵĻü˼жϣʱΪϲβ衣
յһ̧ۣһЦ˿ѩϺõĲƷʪԪЧ
ಡǿЩ̲֮һˡ̫ӵȥ궬ǰɶӲ죬ɶһ˿ຮ֮أᣬҲöౣԼ塣
л⡭ǳһڣ㽫յһԣ˴ǰһ̡
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üǾعҲУ
ҡͷǲУǴͷβֻعڰıʵǸӣˡ
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Щ˶ūģ֪Ƿ̫ӵµĿζ
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̫ܲϰİΪԼˣ̫ԷѬζеЩʣȻǵˣ͡
ڵӱĿӿ
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ͷ±оƣȴȻŵҺԼɢһ֮ɵüѿڶʲô


124 
һ˫շ졢Ѹֳ־Ŀӣ ΢΢򴽣ȻһЦҼȵ¹޾ƣóһ̳̫ӵ·
¹¹ޣɴ˫ۣ æƱƵһߣ ҵĻζоҺ Ҳֶ
ķӦú䳹ˣ ׸ղŻ̸ô˵ͷ
ͬܲ⣬ԷϾǿͣ ֹʧҲüƽϣ̫ӵӦˣɫٻҲ಻㣬ٷ¥һѡ˼輧² ޣΣ
⣬ Цơ
һ꣬͸ɴŮȵѶס񻣬 ǰһˡ
¡ūź ɺãŮḡ-ģʹ֪Էޱȵ̫ӣҲӴһЦһ־Ҫ⿪Է
߿ŻˣһѻӿЩҶ֡
ûƺã ǼŮ⧲ӵڵأ ԭͰѰ봩ɴɿɢ崺⾡š
ǰһ ؿǰĿӣɫ쳣ѿĽָֻԽȴЩ޳֮ͽǵ飬ˡʹ˸ǣ
Ҳ˲ʲôŤͷߣǼɴҪ뿪˴һ㡣
˺һʶ˾ôˣĪ̫ӵô£һƶѣϲȱˣ˻һ̳ǣĶô𣿡
ʱǼ輧Ѿ£ӻ˵ҲǡոǸӣ˵Ƿ߶ϯ˵ĶӡǣΪʲôҪأ
˵̫ӵʲô±ײƣԲ˻ŵ뿪˵ţЦղŵķӦһˣǸδµŮһ㣬ˣ
ӺȻһŽƱһ̣ո˵ʲô
ū˵̫ӵܿ
䡣˵ķӦʲô
δµŮ
ɻԼ漴ڶԷĪĿһ˿𾪡ȻϲʤǷ˼ľϲ
Ůˡ

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һϺûʱ
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һһѹʶԼܿѾ˴һԵĴ
һ¹޾ƿʼʧƽġ
ǧ򲻸õģǻнǼͶͱĸ輧һƿ
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Ҫ־͹̫ţΪ˶ԷݺͼıƿһУⲻ֪һƱԼҡ
ڳձԽԽ᲻ǿӵ̽̽ǲ̫ӵ
²ʵ˭й¶ݣ
пٹһ飬֪ʵݵ޼˸ߵδֻ࣬лƽ̨߲㣬ŵùˡ
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֪ģһǼЩණġ
һ仰δ̫꣬ӵȻŭһŽ߷ڵأӰӶãҪã
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ݸ˫ϥأһ棬Ȼ̫ӵǡ
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Сÿֳлٶһ˿Ρ
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ҲˣһЩСϣһ򶼾˳ŶԷ⡣
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ͷֵֻҪϴǹٴλ棬һԿӭж⡣
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̫ӵϰ΢΢󿿣ظϥͷָһûһµؾŻϣǺһ˿ƵЦҵ⡣


125 Ͷ
ȷ̫ӵŮˣԾ Ҳ̫˼ˣ
ʮ֮-šб齣ڰֵףȻʱûʮ֤ݣ ̫ӵķӦʵ죬 ôͶ˵ֻͨһֿܡλµ̫ʵŮװˣ ʱΪʣ ̫ӵʶǸʱ˵һЩֵϰߣԡʱӲڲ࣬ ̵ĹŮҲЩǼҷҲӲߵúܽ˵岽ľ롣ʱΪӸ߰ٻԽԽɡ
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һתƺʲôȷʵδ˵
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Ͳö֪ˣǵĸ֮ڴˡϵĺڰȫӷףĿ뽺ŵս֣ С ̫ҲòڱΪʣһ˲ӣ ûˡǲ˸Ů̫ҽԴΪڻ̫ӡϲУ
֪ļƻʲô
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ƿţżȡ
һŵǡɵЦҲԷȻţ
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صͷԷΣұ㽫ƾͼƣ׽ǸŮӣǱĳţϲཫѡãҿԴΪҪЮҡ
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ʤȯգΪȻʲôץˣ˰˴ͻȥѳƺ˾ơȵڶҲû֤ݣҺΣ

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Ϳ̫֮ӵֱߵıӣֻͨĲβ衣
˲˼ϡĴ֮ָɽѩΣмСȴݲ裬Ǳ
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á̫ӵ˵ô˵ȴڸ⹫Ĵһ㶼û
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ѹָղŶԷһֱӣռȻ
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ӵĺź̫ӵ䲻סԷʺ
һ
һֻܳɹʧܡ
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126 ̫ʧ
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ȻɫЩѿ ˣ ̫ӵȷǸ˾ˡ
֪ ⲽ̫ӵǰ Ϳˡ
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иһٷ¥̫ˣ
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ءء
ضĽ͹ɣ˲ɵͷһ
ҽݵĺûм֪ҹʱ֣˭ʱţ
ʹ˸ɫϨƱְ
ȻһǵûʧøӼ١
ɶûˣֻǡءһȴٲýҪײƵġ
ڰУһѲ񵶣ָָţô˵
˵꣬Ჽӣһ㿿š
ĩˣ͵ؽ˵еĿͺ˹ȥ
˵ɴ۾ֻǲ񵶻û˱㱻ɲɣȻڡң𡣡
ոûԷ˭˿̶һƣһ¾װҹɫУ˫ǳǾ
͸ų˿ܲһͰɫ𿴣ȴ£㶼ȥˣΪİȴܻȫ˱׽ˣ㲻ȥ취ȣʲô
İҵжֻҪ֪һˡʹΪһĸҲȨʡ˻ȥ
ôӵ۾㡭㲻Ҫ̫㲻űһȣհĵȼͻ쵽ͷˣۼ͸󼸸Ǹĸ߳һأʲôʸٻ
˻һһҲָĲǡ
ˣ˵䣡޿̵طˣ£ǻ˼ڧƽ̨һ򳫵ڳԱŽᣬ໥֣ʲôʱѧ˹ٳһףһüѹˣ
ͷ֧֧⣬˵öԡңȷʵⲻ𡭡ѵûдŪˣ
𿪿ڵ˵£Ȼµϡ


127 з˾
һо򵥵˵һ飬 ޱؿ͸һ˵ıֱ䡣
ΣڨڨҲ˵ץˣ
ɫࣺ²áץˣ ÷ˡ¾¹Ĳ֪ܣ һͨЮҪЮ
˵Ӿǹʱ ͸һڰڽԳһ ֵ֪ҰĲģͼˮ һҧгݡ
һ򼵶ĸȫٷ¥ܹģٱʳϵ䡣
ɣһﲵأ ǲѶƹ²ߣľǲ˵ οѾùĻǶȥץô
˵ô죬⣿¶ɫ
뵽ֻУֻ֮һؽѰˡ
ͳô ڴ롣
ǻ׵ĺ룬 Ȼʾ𣺡ϵЯ
룬ҡҡͷδ
һˣǿǺãϵ֢һû裬 ֮ǣ
⵹Ҳ޷ļȻЮϣ زϷȫסƾҵ˽⣬ ϵ֢̫أʹûҲܳŸ¡ԣһϷıȻᵽҽҩʱǵĻᡣĻһͷˮȻ⡣
˼ǣҽ֮Ǳ빫ĵס취̽ϵϢӦϽ˾ȳ
Ȼͷ˵ûϱϾڶԷΪһʧмǡǧܴݾߡ
ʾ̽ϢͽԼͬ⡣
ʱ͸˴յһ𣬿ʼ߻Ӫȷ

̫ӵ޹ʧ٣ͳҲͣ
ٷ¥ռÿ춼ҪѲü飬Ҳ˹ٸʡȻǵԷʿԼеӰǻö֮ذ˴ߣȻٷ¥С
ſӦٲ֮ĳ˳ǣ֮ǰԸһˡ
ĵԵúܲмλʲô£ۣ͸Ϸԣ˵Ļġ
ûʱͣҲ޻˵ƹֱӶԷڿżɽҪǶ֣ǳڸϽ뿪
ͷ˽ԲԼͬһΪϴû̸£ľҪʹɱ֣
ΪţżˣǷĵԼһμʱص㣬ȵԼص֣ɳɱֽһ򾡡ץס̫ӵԴвλǶûˣ֪ݣһǻ뿪ģ
һԷἰ̫ӵȻվĿƵضź䣺˵ץ˭
һãȻ̫ӵ̫Ůˣðƻץû뵽ץס̫ӵ
ô˵ŵһڷʶԼЩʧ̬صʯͷϣͨ籨ŵģ㱾ǹĵˣƾʲôҪ㣿
ԼڣûΪ£ԼĿġһҼҹˣ˰޲֮԰ĶλΪ֪һλؽңһսϵĺҲ͵ͷˣҲΪ汨˳𡣿̰Ĳ㣬ȻͼҪЮıλȡҿɲɵһ
ƺе㵹Ǳǵö࡭Դ°˼˻ǲԶһֻǳһԭ򡣾㹫ûüֵˣһ֮ǵʵҲ޹ء
΢΢һ漴Цһۣһеġȷʵ֪ͨһΪԼֻҪȻô³ģ븲ָտɴ
̧̧ü⣺أ
֮⣬ôҲΪˡˡ򴽣ûġ
ӴʯͷԷգգ۾ȻһģԼǵ鷳Լ˵꣬ҡڵԶ
ڴվԭأ벻ͨԼĶ˼ˡĩˣֻóԷְллǰȣ˷ΪպֻҪģǡ֪кδ㣬ûҵǣ¹鷳
ǰһ֣һ𣿡
ڳƬ̣ڴﻺ֣ᡣ
һ㶣̶ЦǵһܾҵˣôֱӣһӶ
ͣﲻҪģҴ˴Ϊ˹£Ȼ˻ȥǾϵ룬Ȼǲһ·ˣҲͬġοѱ֪ܷӳ죬³ŵأ
û뵽Էһѣ̲סЦСŮֻ˵Цˣ˺αص档
˵գ˺󼸲֮ľ롣
޷һŵǧ𣬱㲻Ҫŵ૵Σ̧ͷȻһЦ˹ӣоֹα
ڵϡ֮ǰԷҲ˵ƵĻ
գԶӳ˴˵Ӱ
˵ӡ
ʵڴӲΪԼʲôӣҲӲ˵ĿΪ޹ġ
Ϧ£𽥵ʡ
̤һصݱңĿ½нԶ
СŮӴӴ˱뷮һء
ϸڶϣһϮ··ǰˣǡ
֪˶ã߹ø첲˶ڣڿţ˶Զˣ
ڻعԱ˵𣬾ΪôŮʧǳ
ʧǣֻô졣
ڻ䣬Աߵʯͷϲı˵¡Ҫ㡣
ʵʵߵԣȴû
ԷǾԼǳܺ;ƽƽ
վøľ׮Ƶģﲻ̫ڣȴҲֻգ˶ڣǲӲӲ֮Ӧ뿪ͣǰԱ߾ǵľݵ㣬Ա֤ȫʱٰԭ·ع
ԼĵǣԱ߾м·̣⻹ǹٵɽ·Զϴ˴΢ãٵ߲õġɽȻķѸʱ䣬ҲΣա
Ĳ£ĵĪڰ⵽ɱֵķʱԼƴҲԻȫ
ԣҪĵһ¡˵ţ·óһš
ڽӹһ̲סѿڶⲻ֮ǰдϵôӡعӡ
֮ǰ̸в˺ǰ׼ŸӡЯڣʱˡ͵ʤĸϡסҪ˷ˡ
˵꣬⣺ʥ˽赶ɱ֮ɣƱشͷʱԹ˲Ͼﻹܹ˵ǣ
ģĻ񣡡ﶼӣ˵ҳһ鲼ҧָڲд¼֡
ΪһʧҷͷжһºδԼص֣ѪصҵİдúֻӡЧڹĶҲ֪ҾͲ˵ˡ
ԽԽԾһѪݣ˲ʧɫز𣬿ϣʹðչӲ꣬ʹٿؿվǸͯܳ£󣬺οĿǰδ¿ջس
Ѫʵһݴλگ飬յ֪ͨĴ㡣
Լûܻȥ㴫λڳӷգ÷Ͻ˸ֱճꡣ
ǻ𣿡Цļ磬ŶԷ˫ۣҲֻ㣬ֵȫȥи֪ξǸ߹٣ĲŸɣְλίЩҲʺɳģֻ̫ɼҲһֱߡ
ˡڱȭͷϵı顣
ֻĬ˵ǲǻһְΰã
һǡ˵˷ڵĿƽϾݣгݣʵǲô
Цǵ¡֮һְΪĲƽΤѿ̨Ѿû˼ֵοͨǻһֱٳٲͨԻڣ˾ˡȥ֮󼴿ϵԸߣܴ֮£Ӧ֪ô
ӹѪ飬һ̣ھгģǧء
ԼԵ÷ƵôظʲôԷһˣ㲻Ҳ˵δô
±ΩԸѪԶҪӡڵ˵ţ㽫𣬰ݱ
Դˣһ˷ֵ𣬸̤ճ̡
лҪ˵
ڵȻԺ⣬ΪֻϲСԻݸ


128 ҽҩ
صٷ¥ʱ ǡùٸĲ۸뿪á
⼸տæں͹ٸڼʹҪˣⲻ˻Ӧ
̫ӵѱ͵һεĵط ٸʹȻһʱҲġǣ գ ԷܾдȰԼĸӺ
Ӧף ѳԣҲȷƺõöࡣνʶʱΪܡ ϵԽ磬ܵҲԽ١谵ˣƳһˮнõıӡ
̫ӵ˫ֱȫ±廨 £ֻʣһ£ ԭȺ˿һĳʧ˹ݲ԰׶㲡
ܴ˿ǱЩ̫ӵȴ֣ɨǰŮ毺õӣ һĻˣ
µΪֻҪдţ ūұް취ֻİĻϲ㲻òǰڲ
̫ӵЦЦеףһԡڸ֪Ϣ֮ǰƽ̨᲻Ѷǵٷ¥
̫ӵҪѡԷˣ ǿʵźһ뵽Ҫһ绪˶˴³ֶΣ ūĲ̡٬عԷ°ͣЦ绨 ⣬ԼļΪſҹ˿ȣزƽūҽ֮١
ʲô̫ӵؿˮгӣԷһüëˣ˵ζƤ֮Ҳδɣôūҽúź
һ䣬߸߾ӡ
šžһ죬ص̫ӵϣʱǼɫ±һĿӣ˳һ۵Ѫۣ
ͻȻϮľʹʹ岻ؾ̫ӵֻоͷӿһ𣬽³һѪҲ֮˹ȥ
һӾ͵ˣҲ̫˰ɡ
ֻװǰһ̽ϢԷѾ˿ʱʶԣȥȱ
Ӹϲҽʦܿ콫˽
ҽʦһҡͷ˵ⲡǴ̥ģԼҽǳβˡ
ζñס˲ڲ
ţҽʦסɪɪ亹򣺡СʵҽƽƽѵΡ˵ͳһλҽа취
˵Ŀҽݣ䲻ʵ
˵̫ӵ޼ղһӹϵ󣬿ɺҲ֪ӻ᲻˶Ǩŭ
ҽʦͷǣҽݵҽʦֻش֮ڱã
У̴ϵٷ¥Ŀǰڷͷ˼⣬һ˹
˼Ƭ̣վȰ˵뵣ģҽѾͿ˺ܶˣ浱ҵĵϸҲ˲˵Ǹˣס˼ʮ꣬ӶŮҲˣû⡣
ӷȨ⣬ôʱûʲôȱס̫ӵҪǲǰҽݡ

ʱ֣ҽ׼š
Ͼʱ˼Ӵˣҩ˵һӡ
һôǮ˵ʲôҲգֽ͵ѰķҲǶʮҡ
ϻŰɡⲡĲΪأҲΪҼʥ֣Сǰ˵ţָָͣſڵ֪ڿɷ㣿
һ룬ü΢ִ֢ٳǲס
һӵ򣺡֮ǰһλҽʦҩͼ¼֢״
ӹ򣬴ɨһۣɡȸһϵʱȥ׼һǾ͹
ԹȥԺˢ룬û͸ȫټ˺ãҲˡ
ǰƴ·һ飬϶λǵϡ
ҩĿһ飬Ե磺˵⣬涼дˣϵ廹ŵס𣿡
⵹صġʲǻԣֻʩѡֻҽʦˮƽһ㣬֢ʩֻ֮ῪЩѰĲҩȻ±롣˵ţӳȡԼһ룬׼á
Ħȭƣ⣬ʲôԸ˵
ϢҴϾͿˡ
ؿĿֻصϣ⣬ûɣȥ
˵ָž𣺡һ֣ûɹϸ£ȥһ¶ô죿
ҡҡͷ֪ϲٷ¥϶ǱӲһ۵ĵطҲ̫ԶƲӦڳǽĳլԺ֮У߸ߵԺǽǡÿڻҲֹѻĻ£ֻоܱܹؼ̽ϵ䡣
˵ͷǣȥ׼

һ磬˵㵽ҽݡ
;Ҫ㱻
ָž𣬳ʵ˭
æش𣺡Ŷеһѧͽа𡣡
㣬ž𣬲ϳ
æͣһָҼҩء
ҲһЦʦ˵ˣҲȥ棬֢ôΡ
ӱһ󣬾ͬǵҪ󣬱Ͼҩҽ˾֪񻹵ָ
һӸݳһڳһһ
˴ԼʱֵϵԶȥ
Ŵ˿Ѿ˳ǣһΧǷб־Եľס·ߣȴֳôҲƲ
ϲð׷ˡʧޣͻˡӴ˸Ƿ
ˣ̲סǰԷۣӲǺǮô޲𳵣
Ȼû뵽Լᱻ˼ңɫѿָž𣬶ͽô˵ġ
𣬲񡣡Եؽ˾һ䣬Ȼ˸ǣͬʱ⳵Ǳ˹ģΪľǲǿ;ΣԱ֪ܵص㡣
Ѳ·߸ԭÿһƽ̨ԱıرܣֻҪ벻̫ԶͿԴ帴ԭн·ߡ
ʱͣȡ
˳
һйȻϣǰһլԺΧľϡ٣ȷʵǸ֮
Ӵǽ˴š
ǰԺţ˴˸кСŮӺҽʦůˣ֪ɷ̿
Ȼԡ˵꣬ʹҩһݡ
һ£ǰһѧͽľ´Ƭ̣˭
ҽаҽʦͽܡ
ƺ̫žĻϺʱ˸ѧͽô֪
㲻֪¶أʦҽ˵ãȻʲô˶ܵͽܡʦ˵ˣ˼ǿ츳žΪͽģԼؿڣΪԵá
䲻ԼֻǶһ䣬Է͆³һѣͷߣԺţʦȥ˿
ǿɲУɷ˵קסӣʦʹˣôصҩడԸ࣬ҩҩЩһҪ֣ȷɵñҺã
䱻һ֪νӿڣʱڵ֪ͽ˵ֱڿЩȷʵ飬ܶʱһͨˣƽﶼҲһ԰æ
˵ЩʱϵıһȴѶԾ˴Ĵָ˭뵽ƽ̨һ书׿ǸϷأ
ۿҪ˵ϽӻȥͬʱӼǶˡ


129 ˿
лҪ˵
˵һ£߾˼ȥǾҪˣԷģõĶıߣ׷ĵ϶߲Ӱ졣ûﵽ鲹룬߲ȼٿҲУֻǮĵĿ͸ԣ
ϣпеãͬʱҲܸõάߵ棬ôһǮֵӵıԺȥԶٷ¥ôɣ ȴǱж졣
̴ӵָ߱߰й۲ڵľܿ㷢ݿͨ ʵһ䶼ػء
׸أ ϰҽ֮⣬ ˲ٹŶݼ׵顣
͵˵ǰŴ齣 ƺʲôȻԱߵǽһġ
ֻҪأ ǰǽͬ齱תȥ
֮ǽһ߾һҡ
ʲôӴشߴ١
ǻûҵأ
뵽⣬ƿʣ ȴϱԷסʲô
ȻΪ
ⴲɵλŮ죬Ӵ
ô죿˫һ̯ ҽ߽šʡСŸӣʶУҲⲡһô
ӵԴҡ˹ģ˵¶棬 Ű졣
룬 ΢Цҽ˿
˿ʱֱҪߵö࣬һҲʽ
˵Ĺزܸģϼ¡̬ȳƵǺͷϸ꣬ ٲȻ˵һ
һ˵ ӵϢǿŮΪϸ ½⡣һòˣȻƫ׳ƫ̫ӵ֢ϢǸһŮӣŸô˵
ֻǵģ׼
ҩ򿪣ȡһԲӣһƲ˿Сؽ䡣
˿ϸɵСŵ㣬ŪˡԱ߶߶
佫һ죬̽ȥ˿ϵ̫ӵϣһͷֵʳָָ
վһߣؿǲ˿ԽԽñֱۣʼ
˶Ϣ񣬷쳣һš
ĹģСĲҲɺԣпܸϴ
ҩ΢۾ϸоŲ˵żһ˿ߡ
Լ˿ɫ൱أλ鸡Ϊ첻֢֮
ûףͷôģɵģ˵ⲡܲΣ
ʦ˵ú첻㣬ûΡ
䣬һӼˣ˰Ҳβ˰㻹ôøʲô
ԣôִ˿ô
ʾǲҪ죬һģӰǰ΢΢Ƿ벻Ҫֻ֣λŮ첡ƳأĲѣ֮ҽҩһ񣬴Ҳʧǧ⡣
ȵһЦġǴ˿̵飬ƽϵġ
ô˲û𣿡
ҽԣ֮ڼ֮֮ڳθ֮裬ҩʯҽλ˵δĵز첻ȺļҪεö࡭֮Ӧʩָʶٸҩס顣
Ͻ֮ǰλҽʦĽ۲࣬ȻԷȷʾԿƣٰЩǷԸȥ׼
˷ӣֽʩѨλд£һ˸ϵˡ
ҩǿˣҩһȻѧͽɡ
Ѿã𰴷ץҩ㵹߹ﰾһ̧ͷֻվǰƵģüͷʲô
ǿҩ㿪Сһڱ˸ɡ
ЦȴװŭӣĨһӣʲô˼ŲǲǣðԼһźˣ˵žҪӡ
һӽסһ˵ӣû뵽ƢͦôƤǲǣ
ˡˣԴһԹԻȥҩţǵģﲻļֱǵ˰˱ùˡ
ʵ֤żҩҲ򵥡
ҩĵķҪϸƣҰʱͻҲ辫׼ǡ
һߴһߵͷŪ¯ӣһҩζ߹Ʈɬ͸Щ΢ĩ㣬ҩԲ
κ󣬾¯СЩȻվ·ϵĻңҡڵȥ
ԭȻɷӴ˿ȴһǶľ۾ֱġ
ԭڰҩʱ䲻¯˻ƽ̨ƵҩҩҩЧʮְԵһŵƬ̱ʧȥʶȴһɺҩغ˯ʡ£˴ҩԿѰһվߣȻȴʧȥжϺ˼Ҳ޷˽
֮Ȼվñֱ࣬ʵѾߣľ׮졣
ҪģһСαʱ佫ۡĻذԱڸõؾˡ
䲻ڣϵҽʦгѨλΪʩ롣
ʩչṦɱܹЩĿܿ㽫լۡǰͥԺ˸飬رһ֮ǰǸǽ
ƶϣʲôңͨǱزٵġ
Χǽ۲˰죬ȴͺͺģڸͨڵɽûУ˵ˡ
һͷˮ֮ǰҵжϳһĪչͻȻһˮע⡣
վڸߴĿȥֻˮˮ
ԭ
һȻ
ʱҽʦʩϣųȥ
Ժҩպ󿪣һվԭء
أ̫ӵһƺߣü۾գǽҪ
׼Ŷҽʦĵ췴ְ˰͸Ų죺ôҩˢӣ
ǣƿţǡÿ¯ӣʵҩɰˣ
ϾͺãӦţӴ˸ָιվţٸ
ҩҩѾӷòˣ漴˹࿴ԷɻȻԼղűԵһûһӡ
¯𲻹Щ𡭡䲻ʹ𣿡һظ
ӴǣСĸСһ˵ģһСѧͽѵһ
ʱǡúԶ˸Ͻͷ죬Թȥòˡ
ҽʦԺһ󣬺˵ͷϹ治ֻش֮

˽һ죬ȵ;ϻس̵ʱѾǻƻʱ֡
һδ飬͸ϲ˵ʲôһΪǶ˵ǡ
Ͼ϶ڶԷٷ¥ʵڲС
ٽʱ֮ʣڻˣһæΡ
һһ˵ϲȶŵһڷԷ˵һ£۶Բߡ
Ծɼǿ֮ǰ֪ϵ䣬ǲʲôˣαػηηβЩưҿ¶ܼ򵥣ټһϣҸͷǵע⣬;ȥˡ⣬
ǷУȻҩڸļƲ߲ԡ
һ˼˵֮ã֮ΪԤֻҵ˻ڣһƽ⡣һиʲôʧǱϵϷԣҽһȴͨڽңϴԭ·ء
һˣ𣿻Уȷˮͨ𣿡ɾֻжЩ
ȷܶǻĵأˮȻũġҸҲûл԰ԣԣˮ໨ܾ͸ˡ
˼һص˵ͷ˵ˮڸͨڣȷʵһĲõƣˮ飬ԴΪ壬ѰЩҪöࡣ
һҹ֣վþķһǰȥӪȣ븱һӦ

һ󣬾ҹɫѸǱ˿ӵıԺĽˮ
ˮͨû⣬ֻнʱŲˮѹͣ˵ע⡣
ڻأ̫ġپĻأˮݾҲʧЧ
ˮһֱͷϷЩ΢Ĺ
̧ͷֻһľǡ
ϣɽ˿ҡ
һһ֮ǰԤ⡭
Ų̫ӵü΢漴˫ۣˡ


130 ;ĩ·
٣ ʹվ˵꣬ǰ⿪̫ӵϵ
޷ֻû뵽Ļ¶Ȼˣ ҩҲ˽ҩӽ£ ̫ӵһֱۡ
ԼĽҩ ֻһ±ɻָж 輸ղſɻָóһСƿӵݵ̫ӵǰ
Ƭ̺̫ӵȫ ʾ⾣ϾͿߡ
˭֪̤һͻȻ¡һ죬µĵذ֮һ
ʲô̫ӵü
𾯾սʣš
ѵոմ˻أ
ܰˮķҵң һ·϶ƽ£ôҾͳ״
ţ ־ǴʼˮԭȵĳٲȻ׶
ٲ취ȥᱻ
һǸղһʹýǿשĳط˱仯 Ӷ˻أ ˮûҡöֶΣ̫ӵԭȴԵǰ޲ߡ
һͲͣ
˿̣ˮѾСȣ Ҫ͵ϥˡʱȣ ޶ԲߣǾ𶼻ɥڴˡ

վ£ һҶǰ棬˵˴룬˻ء
䱳żҶؿŲԶɿתˮ΢΢ﴽ޷ѾƾͣҲעͷ
ǽأҶ˾䡣
ЦһΪȻǽǧأҲשʯṹɣ᲻ɴݡҵҪʲôĸƿͭǽڡ

˺󼸲˵ϥˮǰǽڻν
̫ӵҪʲôǿǽޱȣƵÿ
Ψһ·ֻһԡ˵꣬ٽǰһӣ
ɲŴ߶һɼΪԵĽЮˮ˲佫᲻ɴݵǽķѡ

üҶ£һ͵תȥֻҷһ̳
ʶ²ãһӺͼҶ
һȺӿȣȴû뵽ڴʱӱͻȻɳʮ֧ʮ˵мء
һͷһϤףҽʦ
͸ϵվм䣬뷢԰ȴȲˡҵĸҵǻƽ̨֧͸ĸ
ڵ֪ԷǺʱҲֻ΢΢һ£ͻȻЦЦƽ̨ĴյüҲūҵҡյݣƶܽһ򾡡ֻȴҪ󣬿ɼƲӣΣ
ˡҩ²Уǣ͸Ǵ´ġѩȴΪŰǿϧ
䲻ٶԣ漴һӵϣԼͷӴķڼȥ
һƿţŨ˱Ƕ䲻ɵһѣΡ
˶߽䣬ͷŪӡ
¶̫Ũˡ
׼¯ĸӸϣȻ̧ͷô̫ӵǷѣ
䵱أūܣʹ˻ھ̫ӵ͸ΧۡǵȻ࣬ԶǵĶ֡
ˣѾ㡭ҵơӷӣ
䲻ԵؿڲǺȾƵʱǵز˶ã͸ܿͻṥˡ
С߽򣬻ʲôɹǵģ齱ߣƺû뿪˼
˵Ǿ֣ɻƽ̨Ͼǻƽ̨Ϊİȫݱһ°ɡ
ֻ֣õͷԡ
öԷת֮ʣкէ֣ӻͳһذ׳Ӻʹ̹ȥ
Ȼذ׵ķâûӽӣһͷĿѣͻȻϮ
ָоú䲻ԼŽʱѣθУΪѬζŨĲʣȴһ׹Ѭ⣡
ͷؽᣬ֧Ųס̱ڵأذҲ֡
ҲףΪҪҡӻתҵҲ㡣һֱ㲻
˵ġǰҵ̣𣿡ߺ޵ؿ˫
ȥӵ⣬֪Լô¶ģ
˵ţͷȡһţںǰһʱǰҰںʤеĶĿģ֪ô
һһ֣ЦѴ޽
˵ûǵ;ĩ·ĵز̫ӵ͸㣬ǶܲеˣΪᡭ΢Цţ˵ΪԼһƣź䶾ԷȽų鴤ѡ
֪Ƭ̶Էᶾֻ̽ޱʹࡣ
ˣк³
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͸սǿӸЩūܱȣһ㽫Էɱ䡣
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ڴſһſһŮִ
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߲ƣ̫ӵֱҺҩһסǡ
УΪ׵ʹЩзֵǰһ̫ӵĻԭŵת˹˼û뵽Ȼ˵еġµһʵ֮ϲ
һԲֻս

䵹ڵϣѪ۾ţȻûϢ
һϮ³ϵɫĪĹ졣
ߵԣϵİע
ץһӣ£̯ơ
Ө͸ˮĶϵľϣԭںõױ¡
վںʬԣЪ˹ЦЦȫϢֹ
Σ̱ڵϣḧӣܿ죬һоҪˡңȻӮҡ
˵꣬ǰƷ

ɱϾ
һߣҶԷڽϵֶ֪ζʲô
ڼⳡУжʤ㣿
߽λͷǰһ漴Ϊİڿ󡭡
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ҵ飬̫ӵ·ӡ
أϺȻһ죬ǵصʲô̼ըѿ
ͻæɱͣ£ʱǲŷԼ֪ôľͱһˮһãȻػܡ
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䣬֪Ķɳ֧լԺʱ䱻ȼ졭
ϣˣۿƽҪӵԺǽһᣬ̫ӵһơ
˵ʱʱ죬̫ӵһķɡ
ţܴȼԺǽ׷
̫ӵſڵϣĨȥǵѪ
ǰһƬ𺣵լԺǴ˷ĲҽĴĪһ˿ȡ


131 ߽
ҹ
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֦ӯشС
¹͸Ӱּܵ䣬Ҷ¶ˮҹɫ˸ӯӯ
𲽷һͣ ͬʱһ֦Ҷ ֱƶ
һ ѽĽ໥ײһ ֯ںҹв۵Ļ𻨣 ֮ľ׷׵
΢΢˫ݵرùԼĽ棬תΪâƿնʱ쪣 ӰⷴԷݾһռž͵ͫ
ջȻƣ棬 סΣû뵽߽֮׵ġ࡯һλäˡ
ʲôһϹӰˡֻϧ˫۾äãһµһݡ˽ ʱӰһΣ ˴ΧŰΧ
ŽԷһ֣ˡһ󱲣׹֮ʱδ⡮µһ ѣ Ҫڱ˫ַϡ
߽ΨһŮվ˳ Ծ´һſڵ⡮µһ˵þõģֻбԹ֪˭ʤһ֪Σ
Ŀ⵭ɨǰˣüȾһĨɫȴǲȻǽˣϵĹػ֪һλͽɱ֣һǮһְ¡ǵĹȻɥ𺣣ʽѾˣλαһٿƣ
ҵȲͬƽ̨ԣֻǴǰֽһʦܣôҲΪð˵߽еĶ诡
һս⡭𲢷ǲӦսǲԸڴ˴˺ķʱ䡣
ӳڣȴ͸ĸΪۣҽб
뵽⣬΢΢̧˵ȻλִˣǱѰдһ㵽ΪֹΣ
һЦȸಫֳܷ£
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ܺã仰·һźţ˼Ĭذڿơ
εӰֻ˷ΪӰ⺮ܵУ᧿Σ
ìжܣûĹ޲ս޲ʤ֮ƣɫع۲ŽʱӲȶԾ֣
ԲӦ䣬ֽۡУվԶ֮󱻱ˡ
˼ͬһʱȺ֮жĽϯǵأһɳʯ
֪޷֮ӲƴһӽӰķ϶˳ȥ
һأ㷢ֽԼΧס
ÿ죡
̾һ䣬ոԼһСƷɶɡǾȫȴҲֻǿܹһĹһΣ¡
ɨ۵ϵľһתʱ˶Բߡ
Ȿǵһȴδ뵽֮ھͽԼ˵ľǿҵĹƣҲֻһˣһͣƽ̨ꡭû뵽彣Ȼֺ۵ĻɫһӶܴó
ǰǴԶɶİУһʱͬһ£ȻԼ彣ȴͱڼ䡣˺󾡹ܼαʾҪٴһƷȴԻؾˣֻһͨĳ
ݵĿӹе̧һһΪɱ˵Զˣǽ
üʶΪµһʵǿƿǶǽںķ˴󲿷ҲϲôռϷ硣˳Ĭ˽ΪŦչر仯ǧɱķΧִ߲ĳɵȴһôжʵ岻ѡ
ʵಢ֮Σֻʵ˰겻Ըʧǧѷ
ӭԷն񣬿ڵڲҲûҲʶһıǽ󡣡
ڽϵ述ƾ޽УҪˣʽҲҪΪ֧šķѴ룬ٳֻ֣ø죬ҲңȨһ䣬һǿʤʱĶǰ˴ܡ
˵д裬ȴص㵽ΪֹĹأҪֲϽ߾ȫн桭֮ⳡԾʹաλڡ𱾲ԸЩɱ־κζԷֲôҲ˦ֻܼϣڼŭԷ᲻¶
ȻǵȻֻֻ࣬Ҫ˲Уζű߽ȻԼҲȻ·硣
ߣûôףһת诡ᡢȨĹɽʱӱϮ
𲻻ŲæһŽϵһڴֵˣͬʱһƫתȫһߵĿ⡣
뷨ܼ򵥣پĽҪǡ磬ͱǽ诡ᡢȨ˷ֱڶϱĸλչƲɵңӦֹԷʹṦѣΪǿฺƿȫ֣Ҫʱһ
ˣһ˻һˣۿۡ
ֻҪһʵĿ⣬һˣ߽⡣
û뵽Ƶֻʣм֮ľͻȻתѣ˸Ͻֵֽ
ȳȥǰתΪһӽԷ˴
ҵĽˣûסΣ̧ʱȴЯһĨȻ¹ֱǰ
ãܲȥ
ĽѾãԸ໤
ȻһɴԵ˺ѣ˿ī֮ɢŮˮӳ溮â
һн񵲷ļ
һǰһ紦ͻȻֵ൲סⷴӦҲǹ죬ʶԼӹһ٣سͬʱ˦
齣תԾϺӱңۿ·ߣȴûϵµ֦ӱϣһŲȿյһͣʱ诡ᡢȨٴĸλͬʱ
ɹܣеĽȴɣ-̲
⣬ʲôµһǱǱƵǱأûˣСӻʲôˡ
û뵽ǡǡڴʱȻϮԵȨһ˹ȥһתƫеزڽϣӶ԰ȥ
˶ʱӦĽǹ֣Աڴʱ˦ǡ
ȻʹعҲΪʱԷȻԾ浽˶԰ԾṦôһӣ˿׷ȥ޼¡
Ϊһ͸ԴԼĿģ书黯̾
˷׷սʣвʵݺݵȨһۣ磬㣡
ȨָָԼıǼ⣬һίʲôˣ
лҪ˵
Цеһ仰Ӳµһ
ְԵֲȴĪһ


132 ҵԧ
ò˦˱߽ շתҵ̫ӵʱѾǵڶˡ
̫ӵһյɹ̫ƺܺã һԡ
ĵ鵽ڣϵѯ ֻ˵·һС鷳
߽̫ӵһ¾У Ͼþ֮Ϊ鷳ģ Ҳֻ߸ˣ㶼𣿡
¼ڻ ֻ˦ǡ
߸Ѿ֪߻ܣ̫ӵ⡣
ʹԻᴦֻΪ֮ӦִСȼƻ
̫ӵһ̧޷ȥģ ½ɡ
Ŀ⵭ӹڶԷİֱԲ䣺Ϊ ʦִܲд˼ƻѡ
̫ӵδ̬סˣʦԺ⣿Ǿ㡢ѵΡֻʦϵľ
𱾲̫֮ӵһԲضԼֻý͵ϲҪᣬ ¾޴⡣ֻʦ˳ ȼƻһɱܱȣݲð©ִִУһи ¶Щߣ пһи֮Ϊ˷ж뱣֤һʧ
Ļû˵ˣ ˼Բ޷һʧ
̫ӵ˼Ƭ̣ҲеĿӦ˭أ
û˱ԼǰȥʡĻƮƮһڣоԼһơ
Ҫ̫ӵڳˡ
ʲôĻ𣿣
ȥȻġ̫ӵͷŻһתǣ߽ô죿
ڲеĪһͻȻٶ޵ʹԼɡ
Цϻɶһ֣ȫûԼҲŰҪ߸ɷǣԸʣ
ѹûѿɫ겻䵭Ϸģִ֮󣬱ˡ
̫ӵٳδһԣ΢ĩ仯һֱֵͷݵؽϷߡ
Դ񡭡֮Աǡ
ǱԡΣ̫ӵͬþĽ飬ٲͲˬҲֻͳͳ
ûע⵽ԭ߬΢΢ɿһ
ȵȣȥ̫ӵȻסĿ͸ζ㵱һʧ
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ɾĻشԶһŵŷ
ô˵ġô˵ģΨо
̫ӵȻһЦָֻղеɫˣá
ʲôðĿɱˣǰŸߣ̲סֹҲ̫ʦˡҲᣬ߽ʵҲ̹ģʦ˵ôɣ
ԣҲҵľ
̫ӵβһæͷˣ²ң
̫ӵһĿⶨھӰʧķ
߽ĸ󻼣Ͼǽˣ볯ǣ棬ʹ֪ԼҲƲʲôˡ
ĵģǾԼ
̫ӵӲɾ֣ΨһĵģǶԷ²֡

˵һŭ֮¸ϳͣæ̲һû
ݸϻЩӣһ·Ϸ¶ޣڼյ̫ӵţϵԱ߾ƽ̨˲ǽӦ
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ãůȫ֫·չ
ɵ˸ݸһ߸ϳһߺ죺ǵ»㡣ԭûؽһƥֵãڿԶ·̫Ҫˡ
ЦǮ軨ڵϡģͼֻͽˡ
˵ӢߣûݸޣͷԼƤЦذ˶ԷһǱ
ˣΪɶѾҲˣǻ𣿡ݸͻȻһ㡣
˵һ·ܸоϰߣԭһš
̲סôû˸죬㻹ˣ
УҲأų˭ǷǮƵġ
죬̿˵ôһ쵽벻ԺǮܱܲôף
ⲻףʵڣݸдʣ޷ʳסУһÿǮ
ӣСѾͷһʱЩһֱ˵˶ӣʵڲ˵ڡ
ֻҶˣʲô㾡ܸұǡ
ʵóݸ£Ѱ˼ѾͷĪˣֻ̫ʾҪһݸ£õȷٵˡ
Ͼ˵ƽ̨˹öǵѪӣվϣݸܹͨ˵ӣиŮ֯
ݸƬ̣ջǿڵʹˣӹҲûǰôӲˣǧ֮λĿ϶ϡûʱô죿
ôҲ벻Ѿͷ˰죬Ȼ˵Լ飬ʵûпǹԼĽֻÿÿ˼˴ⲻһ޴룬ҲͲٶ롣
ôأЦ֪ܣԸӣǶ϶ϲߵġڻƽ̨ұȥȸ罫˺ӣұںӳһȨ
ݸ㵵Ŵ죬գֻںڵĴ۾βŻعҡҲʵûԼĻ£ڻƽ̨¶ϰɣ
¶ãȻס죺׼¶ϣ
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ԸôԼ£밢޹ءƽֻڳһʵĸǰѾȷе˵δʼ
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ݸԾɲģ벻ͨǰкεºܣֵõõֲûУαҪһϵ
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ݸĵʵƽ̨ûĹأֻԱĻ±ϱһϸͿ֮󣬷ͨ
ҼȢĶϸƣΪִòŻӭȢ߹Ծ֮ŮԴ˴ڲΪԵףΪԱڲͨϸ޸ϸ֮Ϊ򸾣һɱ֤ȫҲóԱϸĬ
ǸһеıϾʱ̲Σķ֮УԼҳϦοˣ
˾ܻƽ̨ûн̸ֹۼ޵Ĺ涨׵ʵֻкһ֡
˵˵ӦҸʲôģ൱ˣѾͷڱ߻ɣȻߵͷϡ
һ»ݸƴԴǱߴգؼüŪۣõң߲иֳɵô
һ㶣üýǡ
Ǿ𣡡ݸСȵػһ£ͬʱĵⷽ淴ӦҲ̫ٶˡ
Խ˵ԽûˡʵڸѾͷԻ·ôúõĻᳶϾ
˵䲻ĵĻ;ӣⱲӶȢϱ
ݸȻ֪˿զģ˵ԻСȻƵúܣҲʲô˿ģǸʵڵ˰Ҫģ̫ͬԵռǿǰԼ뷨ǿˣͲһˣΪȡУǻƽ̨һǼ޸Ҳᷴԡ
СѾͷһ߷ͷͷǵһ㵸Ҳ·Ҳˣųʼֵߡ
̲סݸޣҷԣԼԼŲҪҵԧף


133 
ݸĻȻű߼ʣ ȴüίʵ˺һ
ҲѾͷͻȻܳ뷨Ըڶûʱˡ
ң֮ˣ ֮ˣ ȫһĺòã
ɫ
ۿŽͿ϶ϲָصˣ ݸ˩ںӱߵһϣ ԼԲˮ·˳ðֻӡ
ºã 
ݸ̵ֻ˻æǰøˣӣ
ԷֻҰãɵûʱԼͰͬɽһĻĻ ζӳ¡
ݸһصӣ֪˹ Ҳö˵ʲôֻùԹһȥ׼
һڿϿʼͣ ɢ˵ζ
£ ٵȵȡܿͿԳˣݸ˵ʿˮʵ̲סԼ
㣬þöûζˣ
ݸԹӵҪһҲߣʲôʲôν ΨһڳԺϿԼ
һ· ҲЩҲȷʵúܣ Ͼʱ֪ܳ߰˸˸ӳ˹
˭ʲôݸվشǰЩ֮͡
ʱ֣ĽҰ⣬ͻȻðˣⲻܲ־衣
һδֻĬĬӹݸĿܡ
ţɶǿͦģү볢˵Ȼ
ƾʲôǵԼȥ򣡡ݸû
Ĺ۲죬Щ˸Яһ书ǵ¾ߣ治Ҹǽа塣
û뵽һҾȻô˵Ϊ׵ӾٲŵݻԼӾ͹ҲסˣǶݺݵؿݸҪǶ֣
Ŷһ²һµ뷨סʹݸȻǰһλ߳ж컯֮¾۹ѣһ۸һŮӣ˳Ц𣿡
СƤǰɣүԶ㣬نһݹүǼӿĴΪԷǸ˼ҵүǲ̬Ҳ൱ӡ
û뵽Щ˾ҶԼԲѷݸ̵ˣ˾䡰ӡҪ֡
һ⻹˵ã˲ҲˣۿŶ۸ͷˣǿ벻̣ӣ
˫Ϊֻӿ֮ʣȻԶ˴ڸʲô
һ̧ۣסˡ
ݸһˡ
Զ˹һװ磬Ȼ»ɻҲϵóΪǱˣǰ
ݸ⼸ɷļһﶨлˣѹֶһԡ
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Ե棬ݸ治ɫضЦŪûĵģ
ݸѰ¡ڳ
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ǰļˣ統ʱǰһŰ£ü񾲰Ȼ
ʱ·һ̻ݵǰǶ¾ã֪Ǽٵģ֪ǻԱ֯ľˮ£ȴԸУ޷԰Ρ
ʧġ
飬ƭȡΣܲʧߺޣ
ᣬҲġ
ô꣬ûҪһУչ黹ûκǰװ⣬ȴվ޷ӱԼġ
һԲסҴصһ׮׮һΪңûֱӻشݸʼڼǻĿ̫޷˵
׮׮ǰɣãǾһ㣡ݸЦˣûôģԵйϵĸθɣզȥǧϵȥҳϣһЩ㲻£Щޭ깬ĵ컹һɶˣҪǵ°пıðΣȫƾӻΤ
סڣ˵ˣǳ
ǼֵĻձ۹۱ǱǹģԽԽսľΪһѪͻ⣬ȴû뵽ݱ̣ҪǣǺе֪ʲô˵£
ԣһЦƾʲô㡣
ΪӺΪκɲɾ췢ɧңΪƾǸ޸֮ĿĴСһ˴ŻܵԮûǵ£ӺǶˣҲƽæǵ³⣡ֻǵ̫ãŴԲÿĶԴֲֻᡣţ͹ȥݸЩлѹķ޷޲ƽȫйһͨʱеһˬ
£Ĳ֪ôˣ֪Ĳ֪ڰ֪ˡ
ȻǲݸôȫΪһ֪һУԼĹϵƱֺͣһĸҸȼ
ʱҪ¶ˡĺĲˣ
ϸϸ꽫иʱڳ֮޼Ҷŵùģ̫й¶ȥѾͷƬԷ顣
뵽⣬Ȼ̬һЩֻеĽͬʱʾ⻤Ҳ
ݸþգ˻صԡ
һۣȻͷҲصˡ
һԲҲûȥ׷ֻĿŰĺɫннԶ
ֱݸһ侪дѽӿˣ
лҪ˵
ף򸾾ñط꣡


134 
˳Ա㣬 ǰһ·
ɫѺڣݸһһűãáǰǣúõһտӣ ̿ˣá
ڳ˯ һûһؽӻ֪㻹ô࣬ ҲƢθ
û취ѽ ǰŴŵģǮҲ򲻵Եġ ݸ˿ڣɻسΧ˿
⾰ɫ԰
·ߺʱ䣬ˣôоԽԽƫ
Ժ䣬еͻȻͣ ͵ļ߾˲ѣһӣ ݸѾ̧ͷ졣
ʲôأ
£Ǻ·ˡҹȷλ
δ˵Ѿͷῴ Ҳ һ̧ͷȴҹһƬڣػͷһǶûУϹʲô
ݸԴ̾ΪǶҲżǸϼ޻ӣ˵ʲôʶ; أҪ˵ ²ɵİɡ
θɣֻ ôԼȰҪ·
䣬ƥųȻӣԸǰߡ
ιĶȥվסݸϽϣδ񱼣ֻǱŲĲҲ׷ϡ
ʱǰԼԼ⡣
ƥСͣ˦˦Դ͡
£ǰ棡ݸϲ⣬ǲǿ쵽ˣ
ԶƬ̣ڵӦòӡϡ衢ҲǴׯĵƻ𣬼пɽԻ𡣡
Ҳа˶ܰȫЩȻǻҹϺýģ˵ָʳأ
Ѿͷ˵ҲеɽҰһҰޣ˻⡭
뵽⣬ݸһͽһأȻһȺΧһ𿾻
ݸǰλ磬ҺҼҹ;˵أܲڸطҲһ
Ȼˣ̬ȿ϶ܲ
ȻǰЩ˷׷׻ͷݸɵóһôǣ

˵һ֮ǰͼǴֵ֣󼸸ýֺͷҲóԨԴһ·˭Ҳ¶
ܿͺˣȻûҵԵģֻþ͵ؼЩ֦һѻ
Сʱ򾭳̼ĳθһֱãټһ켸ûԶؿڴʹȥôҲ˯ţ˭ø㿴Ϥס
ݸɲô࣬ǵߵԣһڴүĿֱ£һ˫ֿȡůһ߇Nɪűʲôڻڣ￾ȻҲԡ
û뵽ڰԭ׼뿪ģ˭֪ݸһԼ߲ˣɵɵĺĿȴһԲ
ղһߣǿԴƱʱϺǰ˴
Ϊθҡã˶ڴ˼Ĭ
Ǹ㣿ݸδ䣬㱻ֹ
Һݸδ㣬´ɺϡ
ô˵ͶԷ̵Ŀ⣬˳ǣ֮в˳Ĳֹһ
˵ģԷⷬʵüɻ󲻽⣬˳ָʲô
Լڿǰ¶ڵ鰴˵Ҳûм֪ѵб˼
˼䣬Ȼע⵽ü΢ͷðϸϸܵı
ôˣԾʶֲ鿴Էϱһƿ
ݸ޿̣ȴ赭дһûԶѣ¡װģذڳһҵӣһλһĸֵͬܡ
磿ôˣһԷˡ
ԭ㵽ڻһ֪̫ӵѾ˿ӵУҪЮλȷʵûϵԴ˺֪飬޹أԻὫһд׵֮Ǿ뿪
Ϣ̫ͻȻˡһ¡
类ץˣ
ܰǰӵ˸緢ĸţԼݸԱ߾˽Ӧ
ѵ
⣬мˣ͵վʶһ鷳ˡ
ŵּһǸױʣȻܷţ˵ĿǰѾþȡ
ǣΪҪǷţжԼץֲֻ֮᣿
ѵΪ˽Ӧ
ܣ
Ժ̷ֿԡʹû˽ӦݸҲܰȻطǶһ٣
Լ֮ǰΪʲôûϸ룬ֻҪԼþͻᷢЩɵ㣬ϧЩֻŸ·δ
ԼǸֳΪƵòȻ򡪡ֳôǰ׳ȥնӵ׷ɱӶȫԼ
ķӦݸһͷˮ
мƣ
˭мˣ˭ļƣ
ǡǡڴʱԶĻһд̿ͣݡ
лҪ˵
Ȼɼд̿͵ʰ


135 
ʱ䣬 ˷Ϯ
˽һߵֵһѸٳɽʯܡ
еĻΪ˱سЩ ׷м
ɵðľ Ǽɷѡ ǰһĸ֣ ȻûκԤ׵⵽ϮҺм֮˿ԼСǿӣ
˵ز˾ɽϳ ľïܣء֧Ǽ-ʸЩ񣬲ɷ˵סԷ֡
ݸǣԼǰ޴Բɽʯȥ
š¡¡ľ죬 ЩһʯɳӰɽһ·µµصڵϣ һǺ˵ĳ
ڣߣ
ɽƽأ˼ʹʩչṦҲܲ졭Ȼ˷ѽǣЩֻ̿ü˻ ȴδ׷ ӹһ١
ݸ·ȹǽԱ֦ƣЬܵһֻ
ݸüЩȫɢˡ
Щ֢ȸ һղһգ ոһҪĿ̫һͣЩվס
۷֮ʣ Ȼһֻһڶ𣺡ôˣ
˶񣬸۱㱻ݸǰһѳŸ첲ȥ˭ǵµģ
ݸ񡭡˵ţתлֻЩۻܵüЩްġ
ʲһͷΣҪ֧Ųסǰʱһѡ
ƺݸм飬֮ǰĿϾͱܣֻϺȡ
ι˵ôһң˭ϺѽɽʱǵһѣһｲݸѾ˹õˣ޿̱̣ǵߣӾҪ֡
æקסֱۣޱȣͣɣҵС̣ȥ˭Ҳ뿪
ݸź޺޵ջĿ⣬һתͷʶԣ£ɫôô˵㼱æӶóһ裬ͬʱûԼͷ岻ʶδܼʱ
˰֣ˣϢƬ̾ͺˡ
ŵ԰׵ݣʱûҪٶԳú۸˼Ƶģ˼ղŵķ֮ʣסĶô̿͡
Ȼ̸֮ѣ֪ԷʵݣɱҲ֮С
һ·ϣԼѾע٣쵽ĿĵˣΪͻȻðһɱ֣
٣ȴΪһ·϶Ȼƫƫڿ쵽߾ʱ˲ӣ
뵽⣬ȻȻƮǰͶˣ۵ӹһ˿壺ǲҡ
ݸһ̧ۣһ
ȷе˵Ӧǲƽ
쵰ڳʲô磿
Щ̿粻ɲɾǳ֮ǱϮԴˣ̫ӵ²Ӧýһ𣿡ż۾üܲ־ҧгݡ
ڣݸȲ죺ʲôǡҺ͵²Ҳ⵽ϮϹ˻ģôûǻǱ۵أǿɱɣ
ͷۻĸоЩƿݸǿվ棬˵Щ̿ǳģȴû뵽ǣ㣬ڷĺܱǸҲû㣬ԸӺ㡣ҲԭңһΣϣܹһء
üŽɣ̿ҪǺιʣ
֪ԷȫԼĻ·ͳ֮ǰ̫ӵǷݸŵݸֽԼ͵ľͳͳ˵Լֳͼƶϣ˲ŴĻɡ
ݸЩʱоһ㣬ֱ޷ţôҲԼãô
ǵģߣԹķŭ
һȻɶ񣬵վпԭ
ϾͲͬˣ¿ãһĸͬѪŨˮû˭׽
ˣ֮ʻԼ˽ӵܵܣô̫˺ˣ
ŭŭչ£ܲõ˵淢
οһϣһǵ£ֵõԼһС๡
˼Ļȥеȴ˵Ȼ鷳ҶΪȫʣµ·ǱֻܸԷͷˡ
˵ţݸĸֳһЩ
ݸ⣬ȴҲֻ
ĳʳһûԶüꤵȴһʱĪûθڡһ̧ͷּݸԶͽıӰ
֪Լħ˻ôģʹؿںһ䣺ȵȣ
˵䣬ַ·Ųܿص׷ȥϼĿ⣺һϵƣĿǰûﰲȫص㣬ͷֻΣո
ǡ
ûпǣҶˣҲں·ָָǰɽ͵عһܾݵ㣬ֻҪϵͰȫˣʱתҲ١
˵ţӲʣµĸ˼
·Զźܣʡŵ㣬С˵߽˿ǣڳԹ⡣


136 빲
˵ȷ һ·ų̿͵׷ɱԼҰ޵ϮЩΣ⡭ӣǸ൱Ͼ⡣
ĸͲ࣬ ӦݸҲ㣬 һˣ Ǹ׽⡣
ӿ湻ѳԵģ ָӲζͬݸ㱻ҭð Ȳˮ͹˼ڡ
⣬ȻˣҲЩӺóԵöࡣ
Ȼٳδ٣һ ˵ӣֻȸҲû
ͱˣ ûĳԡ³꣬Ҳùˮˮ
Ƣθʧ̼಻ɱʳƽʳҲི ָӲԿ˻ĶǳԲáⲻ ˼ڱθܣˡ
һмȴʲôҲû˵
ҹɽ庮ǡ
ݸһ űԶߡ
ұڣ ˯һߡ
СѾͷĺþȶ೤Ѿ˯ú졣
ŵ һʱȥϢһۡ
ãҲ˯úܳ
һ᫵ɽ·ģǰҵһ԰ȫֱܷɽ˲¶ޡ
ĳ˶ڣǵ⸽һСϪ֮ǰæҹҹĵطû˵
ϪˮٲССϺƢθʣҪ취Եõġ
ϪԽԽˣҹɽӰľҴڽҹһ¸繳˲ĿڶС
СϪߣ¹⿴ˮйвζϲѣϽЬ࣬°¶СȣˮϪ֮С
ʱδ£Ϫˮ̹ǡ
㣬һˮô˸£ɻҧҧӲ
Сʱ̹㣬ʱΪʣʳǣȴ±Ϊ̵ӡ
ֻȤľ԰˵ȴǱرļܡ
ʱʲôԼСȶӣġ
һ֪ιˣǳ˼Ϣ񣬼ע
ûвӣý档
ˮġôһһҪ֪Լץ㣬ƻŰ˳߳Ĵ󵶲Զɡ
סһصȴʱȻۼֿ죬һˮУȻһ
̵û
˷ܲѵؾһ̲ס̾˿
ץץˡϧͷ̫Сֻаؿô
Ѫζˮӿ׷ӴԶ
˰Ȼûʲôջ񣬼̾Ϣ˰
ŵϻʹˮԲͣذڶβ͡ѡ
ôһС춼ˣŪ˵ɡ
뵽⣬һֳֽһּϵ㣬׼Ȼеϸ΢
͵ػͷתͬʱƴ˭

һǳߣ˷ҰƽظǾѡ
ʵڼųɽʱֻװ˯ӣ󲻶ɫظŶԷСϪߴ㿴Էͼıʲôȴδ뵽ٶô졣
һ⣬ͷʱĽзӳǰ˫۾Լʢŵɱ⡭
סʶغǸкبõ֡
һڣˡ
æ˽²鿴ûŰɡңҲǹġ
˿ڵڷڶӵ㣬֪ԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
û£ֻ˯ųߣÿСϪߡŲԼ͵͵ٹء
ҿûʲôθڣųҹץԡֻϧץ˰죬ֻŪһ
֪˼ȴû뵽ԷҹĲ˯ȥץΪɵΡ
˶ԾɴͣɽϪˮǱ̹ǡվСϪӳԲ
һԲֻԼ°һʱࡣ
ԼͿЬ಻ҲͰˣȻ°Ҳ˷
ֱǰ˶һ죬ȻŲ°ڣܵһæҵشЬԼͻһŮ-¶֫˰죡
ȵ֮߳Ժ㣬̧̧°ֻͣʳް´ΣĪҪˡ
һ漴򴽣˵ͷ

峿
һƣɫսɽů⡣
ԭݷڶѨڵĳӬܵ˾Υů׷׳
ݸ˯㣬ȴЩѣյشӵ𣺡ò˯һڶ˸ٳŲŹ̰Ǹˣ
⼸æڸ·ԵĶǸⲻݸ˵һüͲմģҲΪʲôֻӶ̲סˮ
Ѿˣ㻹Ҫ˯ʱİݸԵӣһŸ·
СѾͷһѽס̧ͷ򼧵ĺȦֻͷһɵüȥˣһ۵ġ
һҹⲻڣ죬鲻ԽƮȴ϶Էǡֱؿŵתߡ
ӴӴӴüȥģ϶й
ݸ˼ţͻȻŵһɺ濾ζʱע⵽һ˵֦һ㣬ڻϿ
㰡Ķ㣿
СѾͷ˳°ĸЦ㲻ȥĶæһҹĳɹ
ԭȥץҳ԰ݸŶԷֱۣȥ¶̫ˡ
ӡøж
ڨڨس֣εس˳ǣǸġӲƢθãԲá
ݸ˫Ӻ˴ָۣǰǵģΪʲô
ʱѿ죬ͳԣѹû
ݸţһֻԼ֪µл𣿣
ûаӦݸһߣ̾˿һ㣬´лٸˡ˵Ҫǰ;ңҲվһ·ҶӦչ
ǰδؼĺáݸѹǸɷӣֱҪƵģºαȫȫش
ҡҡͷһ˺ãѵΪöԷǵ𣿡
㲻ǵãҲȻɣ
˵㡣ѽȹܺԼɡУԺ԰ô˵֪𣿡
ݸһΪ죺Ǹۡ
סֶСѾͷһ㣬˵ҿɾˡ
ðɣڵµҾͲ˵ˡ
ݸԹԵر죬ڳݺݵһۡ
ߣ²û˵õɣ
лҪ˵
лСʹǸҹӪҺŶ
лӪҺСʹĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ^^
лСʹǸҹӪҺŶ
лӪҺСʹĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ^^


137 ͬ齶
ճ䣬 ۿһ켴ȥڰǰɽ߾
ͣ½Ų ָָԶۿɼĴ̣ǽһҹ ڵнٶȣ ͿԵִݵˡ
ݸͷţ ǸãڿԷֵˣ
һＴϣ СѾͷʲôˣڲһֱôôû
ݸûԼͷûˣ֪ɵֳ˻سˡ
µҲûǣ ǽ֮ǰļƻг
ݸֱüͷôɵһȥôΣյأ
ҪҲӦùһ֣Ҫƻ˹˺Ϳӵ̸У Ҳô֦ڡ㽫ݸƿԡ
ļƻǾﲻԾ˵ǿݱ¶ӦԹ˲Ͼ Ļоɴ̿ɱǣ
˼Ƭ̣ ˵Ҫôǿһɳɱ֣Ҫô
͸һ˿ǣҪôпܷڳʲô⣬ǷŲδ͵ʤ
ǿǺãɵǧ°ݸβסĵĽ
ʱʶ ԭԶʱã ԼںǣǸ˵ġ
ȸϵݵ˵ƻڻ쵽Ͼʤĸۡ͡ʱһʲô鷳 ôҲǵˣһ취
ô˵ݸֻð뵣ͳͳѹĵס
ͷˣȽҹɡһɫѡ
˼ӿ첽ڻƻʱֽ˴ӡ

һɽµСׯͷԶһ˵أɽˮλõ
ӲһҲͼʮ˼ңŮŮһ𻹲ˡ
пãһ˸ܵӴ
͵ϴӼǣѳԼͼѧʿӣ;˴ɫò߶һ
һԷǶˣ֮òáоֹʮֵ壬ϴ޲ڣʾ˰סҽԼҺóԵĺúȵȫóһ̳ѲʮĳϾơ
˵컹Ҫ·л˴ĺ⣬һԵݸͲˡ
Ȼ磬ƫԶ䣬鴾ӣ˱㱻ϯ硣
ǰ·󣬼ݸŶС
ͻȻ֪ܳһֻƹż˿Ͳֹ
ϴǳ˼䣬ǹȴļΧǣǰҧ
Ķ̧ߣǴƹͷβ͡ءˡ
ϴתⲻǣ͵⹷ԽиͣǱ֡
ŴƹԶķ˼ȻϴҾãֻڶӽС
һ㶣ĶһԸԴ⹷ۼҵģĸ˼ҵġǳԶô԰ѴƷۼҼ¡
ŶԶԣǿԣˣˡϴǺЦ
źۼس˳ǡ
Ա㣬׼ЪϢ
ǵסǴһõķݣָĴ󷿼˵סģǼСľ͸λס
ݸһ̲סѿڶ˯һôУ
ϴǲؿеĺе˯һ飬Ůĵ˯һ䣬ⲻǺô˵롭
ͺܺãӹЦͣϲҪᣬλ͵ܵŮ͵ճʳһϡûϵҲͽһҹӦһ¾ǡ˵꣬żļҡڵؽ˷䣬ݸɵۡ
ҹˣĵš
Ϸȥû˯⣬ȻŵļΪλ˯
Ķ˯һŴ齡һӣ̶С˵ȣϢɣҴС
ЦЦ䲻ץסĸ첲
Ǹʲô
һ˯
Цˣ
˭㿪Ц𣬷һֲָ
ţ˵ϣ֫Աѹס
Ҫԡ
ҰȻһƬڣϢ˲佫Χ֣ز˵ıǼһ𣬺ཻƣƽһ롣
Ŀֹǰ˫ںڰʲôҲ
Ŀĸйٱø
ظоָ˳Լļһ·»һ࣬ȻɵȦסʡ
ٺҾͲˡ
ꡪѹɤĵ޵ɨлҪ˵
ʲôܵŵ˵𣿣
δһ׽޹ģ̵ֲ̿üҪ
ڷ֮ʣֱ͵սһֳֻûϱӽ˴˵ס

ݸڴϳԵ̫࣬ҹ˶ӣֻ´Ҵææ
éòԶݸڽ׼ȥܹ
˭֪һȶԣͻȻһֻס죬ݸȱ㱻ϵ˸߸ߵĹȶѺ桭
˵ʱʱ죬СѾͷ۽˵һתҪԷˤû뵽Էڴ˿̽ſ
ô㣿ݸ޷ŵؿǰֿԵļôҲڸﰡҹĲ˯
ʾСݸʱע⵽ǰĵº֮⣬һֻҡβ͵Ĵ󹷡
ףⲻǴҵĴ𣿡ݸӹĲӣƲ˲ȣͷݸġ
ƿ֣绹ôףȴ˳úܡ
ΪνĴˣôסڵ
֪⹷ݼҵġһݸҲòˡ
ǰԼȸӦǸİˣΪδǰôԣԴһ죿
ݸǿ˴鷳أһ·㲻Ӻܹ𣿡
죿е˵
ʵսҾ͸о̫ԾʷжǲǱץȥսȥۣһׯֻʣӾ׳Ůÿ𣿻УǴôŮŮӶû
˵꣬ݸҲü²һû˵ڶûһСȷʵйŹ֡
ˣЩǵĶǲ̫ˣ
䣬ݸ˸ۣ˼ҺóԺúȵд㣬ѵд
ٹŵȳҲԼԲ£ԼάƵļ˴͡ӦöˣЩϴ·Ǵ˾Сˣûһģ˵ʲô
ݸѵ˿ĭԥſڣ˵ЩѼģǵȻۡ·ҲԼģԡԲŻ᲻
ԽԽǷͬĶð亹ݸսսǣĪҪ
ֻǾ֣Ҳûֱ̫࣬ѣҲʶ϶⣬ԸϽȥ㣬㲻ڣǾ뿪ӳˡɵ֮ǰڴЩٶ֪ǲȨ֮ƣȴⲻݸֺǡǡûӦ
ɲݸûбŵΪüĴõöࡣ
⻰Щ̶Ȼδ
ȷһλãһζֻẦԼֻѧᴧĲܸõرԼ
ӲΪһ˵һֻĶ޾ĴȣϣԼĽҲˡ
ڴʱƺȻסݸȹǣһ
ƺ˽⹷ϰԣӦȥĳطϣ
лҪ˵
Ծдɷ硭


138 ͬ
βŴƹһؽѣ ʱƹβͲǰ
ⲻǴҵĵؽôݸ Դ ƣ ɶѽ
ľƾǴӵؽȡģ ƴǹܲǺȾưɣ
Ƶͷڵأ﷢ءĵͳ ʡ
ݸûŵʲôȳʵûؽʱųŨҵľмһ˿ѪϢ
ȻܵǱˡ
ݸűʹᣬ üͷԽԽѪζ
һȻſڵϵĻƹĬǰ ƿؽѵš
·ڲصĿ֮˵ĲԼͬ⡱һ£ݸɴ˼
ŲڶϻصԽǰߣ ѪζԽŨ
Σ ǰͣ²ӡ
Ŵſս¹⣬ԭƵĵؽ˶ʬ壬ԼĪʮߣŮסвӤ
鲻ԽסԼ죬 ݸ֪˶ǿԼûмг
ûмˣ ෴ɱԶԶֹȻǰĲ״Ŀģ еӤŹ
̫ˣɱҲٻô
ŴܵһߵߣΧʬתתȥ˵ҲµòĴνĴҲǼٵģ¾ӣټٰɴΪľãͶ
ʱһЦöĤ죬Ȼע˴ӱѹֱҼĸ󻼣
˵ĲǱˣ֮ǰλϴֻ˿̵ȥαװĴüĿӥתͶԵļ߹һĨЦ⣺ɣ̫ӵҲڴˡ⵹ʡ˲̸أ
ݸָؽáǡ죬˵ղŵһۿЩʬ⧲е㤣ɴ˿ôԩֻ꣬ʣ¼ߣ޲ǰ֮ˣĴΰɣЩ쵰ȻӶŹǻ𣡡
뼧һۣͬʱսʡ
Ҳʱܵݸűߣļơ
ݸ˳˳ƤëƣԣԼߣǣǻ˱ġ
˵꣬ؽӰѾΧˡ
ݸ䲻ǼٴһӣԷΪǰæٽصȴδСѾͷֻһǹ
ôʱ˫˫-彣ݸһ˳ȥ
˵ؽѣȻЩνĴһȫװֳֵʿĴ硣
ذΧ˱˴ˣγһСǵΡ
ʱλٴѾӵؽѿ߳һָڱһýָŵ棬·ǰ˵֮
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Цһݸûģãڻߣ
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ݸ꣬Ĭ̶Բᡣ
ǵһĿüƴɱȴǵһĵһ𲢼ս
ָоЩ΢·ںҹ¡ѪɫУڿʱ׿˴˵ӪȥĽңȫȫԷ
뼧Թó˶ĵˣɱϾޣݸǱɣһʮټϽһһ׼޿ɱܣһǰ͵һƬ
ɱݸռ˱ˣ㼯ˡ
ģ̱ɢ
ǣıˣȻƤ˲أȥػ֧Ӷ¶
ҲֹۣС֢Զˣ˷ս֮¼ƣ
ݸһͷֻѴжɱ֣ͬʱͻȻѳĲӣ
£ݸȴֻһ˵֡
˵ʱʱ죬â֣ءб󷽻ӳֱ-һ˵壡
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һסԷĽ棬˭֪Щɱּвɣʮһѹǽȥֱ޿ˡ
Ʋæʩչնһηת泯ֱ̽Ⱥ֮С
ɫĹӰصַֿʵʵ䣬·Ӿ촦ƴһƣƲɵ
ٴڵʮɱֱ϶µһǿҽ忪Щ֮ʣץסһԷʮѵءǷĺϣ
Ͻ˲䱻ͬһڿתʮĨ˲ӣ
ոһС׺աķʹ֮󣬼ڵأͷڴڵشɫҰ׵ˡ
ҵѽ룬ʣµĲЩССϺݸȥӦ´ࡣ
򼧵ʱݸһˣܹһסȻ˵ιһ衣
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㣡ݸݺһۣ֮ʣҽة޲ߣǵ½ԼһȫóΪβԼֺڹ;֢ȴҩûУ֪֪µʱûˡǣʲôǰĽϣٰĲ㣬嵱ˤ飡֪ǿΨһĶ
ԭǿǵĸ׵ȴԼˤˡ
뵽û뵽
ˤһ̣Ҳһ˰
˼תϣϣʲôأ
Ⱥǰ䳰ȷֶɨءˣĵϳع
һķѩۣϡȻ˻˵£
ˣ˵䣡ֹݸ಻ԸЩ£ͽ졣
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ѹûϵСѾͷһô࣬ʵδ԰йԹݸЩȷʵһֱ԰˵ġһ˾ĺûȻһӰ죬ȴϣгһհܹ£ִЩ;Ҳ˶ſ
ʱգһЩԼһ顣
¼ҲãԹҲգԭһжֲʱţµĺУ͵վǴ̫࡭
ǰһֻ֣Ŀƣһʱ䲻֪ηӦ
Ҳû˼ԥĻᣬԷٳδһץס֣קͬʱǿƵؽԼߡ
ݸѶЩľٶֲˣҲ֮ƽϣŵϴƬʬ壬ոһսⲻ꣺Щɱֻ˶˵㣬书ȴƽƽľˣ
˽ڱ˴˵жһ˿ء
ⳡƾĲֵĴɱܻܿδ
лҪ˵
ڱǰˣһ¾

ڶᣬǺ͵Ԥ
лСʹǸҹӪҺŶ
лӪҺСʹĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ^^


139 ;ͬ
ǰ ýЩʬ·ǰһĻȻǿ⼸ ԱǼȴûСǺ𣿡
ʿ⣬ ΪⱩ¶ ʶԲκκۼǣ Щ˺ȻһʼΪʿ
ӵٷ¥ôʿҪǵ Ҳֻڽ׹ˡݸ˵
һ˼⣬ǾúǣǿЩ˵书֮ǰϮǵǲ˲̫ˡ
һЩΪĽͲǿѹԼĶֲ֣ʲôôʹԼĽ𡣰֮һ֮ڽԷʮ˵ϣ Ҳǻڴˡ
ݸһڴĳ˼ˣһɱּȻãʵǿҲ֮СһѾ絽֮ǰϮǵˡ
ݸĻû˵꣬ ΢촵ңѪȾĵ档
Χó棬·ղһԹѵڵƴɱֻǵĻþ
űϢ һֱ䵽
ԣ ɱ⡣
ʹѪζŨҵͷβʣȻ˽ͬһʱܵһεѹȸУԽԽ
ӰδŲ ֻɱķ粻Ͼ۽ǣ ͸ָ졣
ͫһССĹ㣬ȻѸ ԽԽ
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ʹϮ۷ڣǰĽӰЮŷɳϼĺһɲǼ·һҲС
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һ˽ˣϵ˿أְصһ£ʱ·Ųλڼϼʹȥ
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СѾͷӦ죬ƲҲ֮ӲƴѸԷ󣬶˵îһƣ
ƺΪͽֽݸһץ
šǲ죬ݸҽһֵǾԷӲšϣ
Ϲ֮ʹ֫ٺֱ飬ݸվס˾̧Ƚɨ
ʱǿվսеġˮġǰսȴס֡
ˡ
ſңҪȥݸ
ݸԣͬ顢ѣ޼Ľã˸Ҫȳ빲ЩաıΪΪûݸ֧Ųסˡ
ڣѾͷԼǰ
ݸſڵϣظоԼȹҲŶˡʹģޱ޼ʵĻ̿֡
Լվˣȥ£
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ݸ֪ӲǳϰҲûñסɱֵȡ
ݸסѡ
ݸһĵҲװ
Ľ̽壬ѪԶ˺ѷεĺ쳹ϣǰľģ壬ݸֻƾҧֲ֣Ȼķҡҡͷ
ͻȻƴΪ˶ԷĴ
ݸ˵ߡ
ɵѾͷԥԼֻΪ
ҧ´ǿŶˮӳһֻͲ
Ͳһŵرͷų̣û˵ʹṦѸ롭

˵ͷݸнȣǷһţݸĺײݺǽصˤ
һ̣ɢȥ롣
ɱֲδǰͼֱ׷ŽһϢˡ
ݸбǽ̱ڵϣ˿գ۵ûˡ
¹£ҹɫһһԼȻվժ»ƽߡ
ݣƵü罣棬ᡭһޱϤӳݸͫڣȴİ
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Ϊʲô㣿
ر־ޱؿڳʵΪȼƻϵҲûа취Բ𡣡
ݸɬһЦԭһжǸ֡
͵һ𣬻߸磬Ѿ˾֡
Ӹµؿ㻹ʲôԻԸ
Ѿˣδȥ׷ʱݣҲûʲôɵĵˡԼСûиĸˣ˵ϻʲôǣҡ
ݸҡҡͷĿԽͷ򶫷׵ʣ·ڼʲô
ģĺ뷮ڡ˫úֻԼü
ǸաȴǣҶǵɵǰһվǵȲˡ
סָڽֽü伫亱͸һ˿ݣԼĲΡ
Ȼһ̣͵̧ۣʱ䣬ݸһᣬѪУûϢ

ͲֻʱӦһ£˵ôãƣߵǾٲά裬ȴΨֵ׷κͣЪϢ
ϵ˿ѪֹʶѾЩģҧԼ⣬ѣţԼ߰ɡˡ
ǰ뱧һǳһŵڿݲƽɽϣԣ㵵ʱܰ£˵ߣ
ܵ԰ΡݸΪڰҲҪ
ҵ̫أעһ٣ֺοٰװ״һĻԷθȷʵ顣
һ߲ˣȥֻ˵
ȷЩʧԹǲĥģΣϣܹԼȥ
룬ȷһԣȻʼ˿ڡ
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ѨƬ̣вֹѪĲҩ
һȥɲҩܿͻЩ֦Ҷϣһٸģվܵ顣
ɱָʲôʱͻ׷ǣȻߵ̫ԶһѲҩҴҸϻء
Ҫ˿ˡһ̡ҩŽ飬ƿ۽ǣڳ˺һ鲼ĲҩͿڲϣ󽫲˿ϣֲһ
ڻߣڵġ˼ϢȻЩ٣ǣ˼ˣ۵üͷš˸
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һ㶣漴۽⡣ΪЩ֮ģΪ֪Ϊ˱߲Źô˵ġ
˻أһ
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һ׽֮ˣű˴ˣںϣ˼ζݡ
˵ڣǣ仰һֱǵáΨһġΨһİңְΨһ·ңҺܸмǸ˽ˣһҲԸһ˻ϡԲ𡭡
˵꣬һһּߴһֻּϵġء·ĹȣŸԲѵ˼ļǰС

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˿ڸȾ˸ȣȫڷ
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ӦҵġǰҼҵʱ˵Ůӣ㶨Ȣң㻹˵ҪһӶҺáҪ˵㻰ʳԡһ£ǻᣬǿнˮ˻ȥ
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ˮˮǸյÿڸһֱſڼϻ˯ͻȻૡ
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ĬĬǰѡء
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ʡµѲҳݣɳֵļȴǸöԸĽɫ
еУƤգգ
ͷһǰѵˮһᡣ
ͷԼļѴɲǼ䣬Ŀˮ
Բ𣬰ҾȲ㣬Ҳϡ
ܿ죬һоͻ
̧ͷδЦȻɡ
һ˲䣬ʱ⵹Ժ½˺ܶ໭档
ʱС꾪ȵض˵ԭм죬СΪ˺ӵơطǿֱ̣תȦȦɽϵҹ˴ˣԳһ轣ӰĵģЩůĵεΡ
á
⽣âжϡ
Ϊ׵ĺ´̿һ֣ӿϣĺ⽫ɽѷ죻ӥɽµĲãȺɽջΪϵһŶӡ
Ⱥɽϣؼ䣬˴˵ֺ£գʮָۣ㾡һ֮
밢Ҳֿˡ
Цű˫ۣ΢΢һʱ·˫˫ɵķ񣬷ڿС
Ϸչ·ҲûЩ壻·һ̣ӵ˱˴ˡ
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лҪ˵


ڶԻ˴ָ̡һ̡
1ȼƻʲô2ͼѳ飨֮ʲô3𾿾ΪαѼ


һһΪҿ
˽ľã־ͣҲ


140 ȼƻ
׾ ɽꡣ
ʪˮڽ΢Ŀ˳˯һء
ڼա
һƬ̵ҶӴתƮ䣬ӯرȶķ͵ҵǽǡ
һֻɫĳӼذԣ һ ǷʺӶ˶ ѿһϸϸķ죬 һֻɫϸ䡭
ãɿʲôˣ
Ų һͷֻ̫ӵվ
޶ֻֻۣӡİͷȴ˵һЦ
̫ӿӦֻӡӾǰ һĶԷļﾡԱģ Сֻ档
¶֮ɫȴ̫ӵ˫ָڱһ߻ⲽһ˵ʫơӣ֮ͨΪ޴ƣ ûк ԲŽȵ׳سѨڣΪӣĸʵϣץسѨֻΪڲѣ Щѷ 㿪ʼΪʳĸ屻ʳһ߿տǣǱƿǶ
΢΢ ಽظ󣺡²ףȼƻʲôϵ
̫ӵͻȻͣסЦһȴδֻ˵˾䣺ڴˣҵ⡣
˻ҪţһᲽ¥̨ĬĬһƬŨīزʵơ

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δɢȥϵʬѻɽǻ֮ȥѪζ
Ž˵ʬ߹Ѫ̾͵ĵ棬ֱµˣǸ׷˰һܵˡ
û뵽ʦԼͬ鶼µ֣ɨһ۵Ѫеݸ̾˾䣬Ը¿ȥִ˵ģʱҺܵģ㵽ؼʱ̻ˡʦ統ĺ飬ѹ϶˷ģ
΢žȫƶȾʵһӰеֻһִѣģҴӲǡ㣬ĥ䣬ӵع˵ľݵ㣬ϷѾ˼ıһо͸ˡΣ㵣ô
ߵʦ뵣ġˣһ˴ܲԶġ֮ǰҶסǡ
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ʲôΪ˲ʶưǵ书·⽻ֻʹ𹥡Щɱ֡⣬һ½űߵʬ壬һȺҪǮҪɽ˶ѣɱ˵ǧҲ룬ô˵
ԣЭɡȼƻӶɽȥ¾񣿡һѪĿ⺮ԷһȾҪԼ֡
ôʦոɱЭ꣬ͬݸڷֶЩزʶĴ֮ģŽЦЦؿǰӣȴڷ
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һԻᴦִеΪһȥ󣬶ʵϺ;ʦ㱨Ϊ֮
˵꣬һ೤쳹ɽҰ
նϼɣһƬӳͨ졣
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ֱȷԷԶŶ-һ̽ݸϢüͷչһЩ
ѾͷȻϢ΢΢
ϵ˶ԷϼѨݸ죬ιһҩȻΪӹǡ
ݸ˿ѾѪҰָֽ˼
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֮ǰһڶԷҸ磬˴ΪԨҸѨܵǿҴ̼ʹͷۻʲѣصĻֱӵºֹͣͬˡ
ΪǷ£ȴԸԼͬʹɱ֣˼֮²Ųòðķݸӹһ١ˣһֻǿȥأʵ̵ò
͵ãݸĽë΢΢ӯ֮һ졣
ʶ𽥸գݸظоһů澭ѭһ飬ͬ綼ϴӣȺġ
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Ϊʲôҡ̧ݸؼǵԼһȶˣȻ󱻴˵ԼھĽˣô£
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ݸ̧ͷһ㲻ǰôʲôʱҲѧΥһף
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㾿ʲô˼ݸǣ˿ڣ۵㱳ȥ
ʲôɡʲôްֹϸ𡱡ҪԼ뿪
δش𣬶Ǽ˵Ȼѻָ֮ӽԹƽ˵ⱾԸһԡӴԶҪͼȥӽκһˡá
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ˣ˵˿㵲ѣֻǰѸ֪ô̫࣬ˣ
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츣ÿ춼ᱳҩ¨ȥɽҩʱһһ졣ȷʵǼ㹻ˣҪȥӱϴҲᷢڰߡ
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143 ʾ
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츣ιҩ֮Ƶȥϴ֣ſˡû뵽ٳûе ȴŵһɽζ
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֪νͣԼͰȻǶԷΪֹϵǸʵ־͸¶֡˼ȥ˳ŶԷĻװװӣԺʱٸ֪ʵ顣ϾԼͰľˣһζҲĲ
ʲô˼ġһԲƮ츣ֻΪ飬˩סģҪһֺóգϴ·ɨЩҲز١Ҳü⣬ɣ򵥵Ŀʼ
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ǰ·һ㣬ǳӡ
սȭͷ޲ǰĸΤ߳
ĺޣǰÿһˡ
ĸΤĺһǽԭѲĶߣܲޣ
뵽⣬̷ŭγеĽȥһΤ
ȻôҲδϵһֱ޶õĸƿΤһ
ĸ׵Ѫϣǵصϯû˹ĳ裬ཫΧͬʱڶģǾ񶾵䡪ջΪ˵Цʷٵ̸ʣ
ţؿڴڡһǱͱ
һͣת
еĺЩۣĿƣڿ˱͵Ϯ֮˵Ŀһ޷ȴ־㤲ѡ
Ϊʲô㣿
˼˫ֱǰȻִˣǼȴٲȻĵ
͵һʱ侪ѣ亹ʪ
ˣ˯ǳټ϶ſ齱ˣ΢е춯ܵһʱ
ʲŸչ
ڵȼоһ̣΢ĿƮɢ
Ծֱض˫úܴ
֪ǷǼĴӰԼ￴ʹࡢԼľ֡
һθоĵĿ־壬֪ھʲôظеʧѪ΢΢ս
ôˡܵǰӵ뻳УϣԼĻܹ谢Щο塣
һֱۺʱεأֻҪԼţ㲻
ǣ˿ڣʹûûȫָѸٱֻͷʹѣһָ϶ͷʶЩµĳʵΡ
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Щ뱳棻ǵأȾڵѪɫ桭
ȻξĻ棬Ǵ̴Լŵĳ󶨸Լǰ
ӱֻ˱ˮ
͸΢ĩ£ĵ̤һ˪˫£˯ãȵˮɡ
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144 ̹¶ļ
һˮ¶ǣ ڸﻺ˲١
ˮߣҪҪȥ츣һץסı䣺ҡǲ˯˺ܾã
ʱĵһ۱ǵס齱ߣ 㲵ɫ Լ۵׵޲֤ǰ֮Ѿ켸ҹδúúˡ
ļֻͣµʱ ȻʱѾЩʶ壬 Ȼظܵһ̵ıȻ
ĵȴǼᶨ̣ ݾҲκһ˿Сϣ
֪ĵ˶ãŻľԼ¡
졭źۼرܿ⣬˳ҴҴǣ˯úܲȣǱסˡδ ÿһʱÿһԼԣһǼ尾
һʱ䣬 뾲Ĭ
ƵĽë£Ƭ̺һ˫ưס֡
ްֻǸո˸Ρ ۾ġԥ ֻ˶ʲôΡ
һж޲ʾЩʱĳª˰̷ǵδʱŶΪһ֮ȥ䡣
ȻǺΣ ˰ɡ˵òᣬ Ҫע塣ס˫֣뱻С
ʹյĻ˯У ɽüͷʱ˵Щģ߽û˱˯УҲȻڳޱ޼ʵĿʹ
ᱳ𣿡Ȼʵ
عŨصҹɫδȥһƬ谵֮Уó档
ٳδһԣЦЦһ˿ɬһˣⱾͺ塣
ͷɬԣ㻹ڹҡǲǣ
ұûԭ㡣ǰ׵һ̣֪ӽĿһ̣֮Ҳزȥˡʱɵһ̾Ϣ
ǰزȥˡ
ǴһעɼԱ˴˵ļвӶġⲨƹ䣬֪ѣظ
ֻۿɬĪɰ˵ЩҲûϵǲҪֱ֪ʵ
ʵһвǶĴʵ㲻ڵЩҲ˺ܶ࣬û㣬ҺĸҲߵһЦţɫְ˼֡
ЦԼĸ󣬸ЦԼһЦԼĸЦ
˼ˡҪ˼ȣȻڿԼǷӦóȥ
Ȼ˵˲ԭ£ôȻԼģԼٿ˯þ
ţúϢϱԷٴץס
Ҫٱˡƴ۾ֻǶ˵˼仰̣ƣһϮԺ
ҪȶҺãٽ¡ѣüۣжԷӦĲ֮⡣
ֻмŶƫִĺĺ󲻹ΪסһĨů
֣ģգֻ֮ʣ޾׷ĪڵǲһγǰֺðЩƭˣҲؾͬıơ
ǰҴе⣬ҵĵֻ޾鷳Σա
վǱ˴ĹͣһζǿֻẦֺ
ԣԶң뿪㡣
ܲס˯ȥݣᣬܲζ
չ˰һŵ֪ЩթίԼģȴǲȥ곡Ϸ
˵öԣ̫ɼ̸ԭ£ʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰض˵ǻ˯Уֻһҹ˯ʵʵһֱͣ츣һҡεعΪҩʱת
ųơҽ˴ŹǷؿ¹񣬡Ҳȷʵ˯죬ԸûʲôϱȳŲסˡʱһþˣ鷳
ͻȻߵ츣ע⣬üǰӣǡ
ûȼڽܣ츣Լţҽ츣£Ҹϲ˽ҽԺҲԺҽ
䲻ǽˣҽŵġһֱΪԷ£ǸԸƧ׽͸ͷӣȴδϴ˾ᡣ
л˷ҵѣȣնرκ󣬴ǲδʲôȻ䲻ȵ˵˾䣬ͬʱźۼջӵĿ⣬תרעؿżΪԼ˿ڶȥæͣһ˫֡
츣ѹԷǲʵĸлֻһ̧֣رͲˣϱѾ㻹ˣ㲢Ƿҵġ
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ȻԼ츣ҩ˵ʵ򲻿ɸֻ֪ʱ˸ѻ
Ŀɬԣƭģֲò˵˻ѡ
ҵһΪ棬رۣٲһԡ
Ϊҩ֮󣬼һȥ֮ǰԼҩ
츣һΪһ˼޹ʹ⣬ʲôԵô˯ôֻûгͷļ֮ࡣ
տʼ찢ղֹҹڶԷ߲߲ݣʳѰȻתҹЩִ˼估꣬ʱ˻
츣ϣֶż˺һֱѶԷòڣų̾һ
һ̾ɰѼŪʱһҽǲǡʱ޶ˣ
Щ꣬ȻԼ״
ƽ̨ԲҽȻСÿΪҽʦϵҽʥֽԶԴ޲ߣ˶Լʹٵõ֢
ѶʮߣЩҽʦĻҲҪһ˰ɡ
뵽ȥĵεΣһǱ˵ӰӺΨһԼǷݸҲǰصĽɢϸϸҲûʲôֵԼǣҵġ
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ʲô߰ʱ޶࣬˭ģ츣۾ŭԼҽܵĪɡ
˼ңãȻĿȻû£úõ̾ʲô
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Щ켧ֻﻹ˵Լ壬츣һ˵ûô¡
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ԵƳڵ澭ѭһ顭
ʱջ۾ͬʱϲЦտĲһˣȥ˹ҪһյĹܴͨȫһӾʹͨˡҽ
ԵĿޣ츣ӣת磬ղ̾Ϊ㣬ΪԼ
⣬ͣ٣¶ԷԼ˼ƵģĲ֢֮ҩκˣôţ
ǸNɪ˹Ȼ̸ֹҲΪ⣬Ҳ飬˼ǰҩһ£˿̵ڻȻ򣺡ԭҽҩˣʵΪҵĲ
ҪôҲԣҵıȷʵֻҩβ˳
һЦٲȻѾϰĽʽ˵ҵĲѾȬ𣿡
-ŲʮɣֻҪʱҩ֮ͺõòˣԺҲ͸ƽˡŶˣм˵ӱϾй첻㣬ӻΣա飬㲻ΪŮҲġľöԲסɸ檣Ǵ˼Ҳô
ԭֻһԼȴ϶ԷԽԽԶʵ֪Ӻ˵
δ֮£δФͰһأοӡ
˼ˣֻɵǺһЦȻӹôء
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145 
ָúܿ죬 ձµˡ츣Χʱϸ涨ڼûԳţֻںԺתƣ Ҳóʱ
һ磬 һ ûһ 緹츣ͽġ
أ ˾䣬ﲻ֪ΪξЩڡ
⼸պ͵ʱӰ룬 ·صСʱǶǵʱ⣬֪⾿ǺǻָоḬ̄
츣С˷ڴͷİϣȻһָԺţˡûԵˣҽɽЩҰζ
һ üͷһôԼȥԣ˵ʲôûԵģԺﲻǻмֻĸô
ԷָŴԺӣ 츣ɫѿ˼㣺ǼֻרµԵģÿһֻϡҩι˴֮Լ᲻óԣҺô øжҲͰˣ Ȼҵļǡ
̰ᡱĸδ˵ڣĺȻڣˣ֡
츣ǰֻվľſڵԿֱ ֻɽ ϻŸںĴһͷһƣһȻһͷҰ
ģɵõɴ۾ ŵؿǰļ
˵ͷɽӵ䣬߽Լ˱ˮһȻһĨǣɽʱԭһֻԲöֻ۾ˮӯӯɰý޲ñڻץ飬ֻǺһСãԾͷˡ
ż̫ɹú˵ϸļմЩͨ͸һʱЩԳʶԾʱŷԼѾʹȥԷϺͲϵĺ顣
ȻҲû뵽ΪԼֶַ֮ԷһͣҲǣҲǡ
װδеһ˿ȣ󷽵ؽӹӣȻ˵лл
츣ǶЩŮ鳤ð˵֮£˼£Ҳӿɻúܣֿܵ죬Ѵ򡣼ʹɽԻҪ벶һֻףװװˣ湻ɵġķԺû׼ǵý˵Ķӡ
ǾͿԼ컯ˣҲС
˵꣬һץסߣʲô»˵Уɽ޶࣬Ժȱʲôȥɽµļ򣬲Ҫ¶Ǹİڲ
˵⻰ʱδ˭Ȼÿֶ츣һ
Ұڲ˭ˣĶһ˳𣿣վסѻߡվסֻһﻹûأһ۵ϵҰ츣󺰴С

ǵǸ˻츣һͷҰϽ˺Ժ
һ˽ɽȻ˵ջķᣬľѾ൱ˡ츣ôΪġ
ոմ򵽵ɽζʣԽ¹ԽܸõסζҰ⣬ΰٷɣԺá
ôҰôԵģȻ۵òᣬ츣㣬Ѿܾûˡ
ô˵ˣԼ׬ġ˸ҩˣҸ廹ŪЩҰζƸƻʳӵҲ
ѽֻɽãھϴ֣Ӧðɡ֮ǰǰöô·ϷĲľһƬںۣɲɾһ
Ǹʱѵһ㶼£һı飬츣úܲ˼顭书ΣǿǼ˶Ҫ˱Ұ
΢΢һЦ£ôܲ£ʱҳתܡҿʦ߹Ҵ󲿷ֵҰ޶ҷһΪ´ˣȴδҰƴعǿҲһȥаһᣬȥһ
żɫĽ츣һҰһᴩ˿ڣ˸ս湻ǿġ
ˣ֮ǰ츣һ²ӣ̾Լ治һĺãԴµʱͱһˡ

ƽã츣˵˿Բˣֻǻʱ˶մʳ豣嵭ˣԺһ㡣
츣ᳵ·ò˵ϴɴ飬ˮһ̺Ѹ̳ɽԷ·ԣʳֻǼ򵥵еɽȪˮһ£ȡ桢֮ĸɻϴƬʳһԷһֻ²ɵ߹ޣЩϾƣҨһưȪˮˣ󹦸ɡ
һԹĦѧϰż֡
ֻɽһֻһֻȥ˰ɡȥԺע㣬ְҵˡüֱŵʵڰ£츣㽫֧˳ȥ
Ļɨ߹ɫĵ츣£Ӷһߣһ޼ƽҩһ㡣
ů׷֪䣬˯ƤԴֱ㡭
أһĴƮ˽
츣͵վ˯ʱӰ٣ֻʣ¶Ĳ档
㣡
ţûǼζ
ɣɵѾͷʲôʱͻͽˣ
ɣ츣Ժ濴תһ֦֦ϴһֻڻϿ
⿾ôģΪô㣿ս˺ü£˾䡣
ЦûʲôֻǿʱͿЩۡ
츣ò˼룬ֻ֪۶ƤԼŶ֮йЧȴδ˾ζ
Գջͦ츳ġԺѧŵ㣬һŮӱĿԲᣬ˿һҪúã˩ס˵ģ츣װģָţ˳ָָԼؿڣǸ⡣ЩûãҶŮ˲Ȥ
ûӦ
ȻҲûȤ
ͷЦЦĵһĪ
ɽ³סСľڣһз·ÿճϢûгϵ಻Ϊ㾡ضҹߣƽݵӣһֱεġ
ֻϧѵõʱȴע޷á
δ츣ǣͰʲôЯ˽СޣֻҪһȬҪ뿪Ӵ˷ֵһ
緹лأ쳣ʢƺ˵ʲô
ҽ㲻˵Ҫֵĺ𣿡
ڼܶණΨƽԶһ㡭˼ԼôһͷҰԺ൱ʱӦǿÿ쳨ӳԵġȻⶼˣһĩû
˵ĿˢˢͶԼ츣žһľ꣬Цõؿż㻹˼⣿
ƫͷ˽¶Ŀ⡣
츣ס̾ϢϧˣôһͷҰƫƫܳԡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊĸ⡣
лҪ˵
Ϊʲô˴ҶӦƽƽѵϲӣлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
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146 ϸˮ
Ͳˣ ĸôͲܳˡ
һЦüֱ츣һؿѵ֪ĸãҲô
ҡҡͷ Ĳ֪
츣ָ ֪˵ʲôá
ԹԵͷ츣ⲻǣԲ𰡡Ȼܳԣ ǷҲûʲôã ȥҰ˰ɡ
ˣզ죿
츣̾ã ѾҰɿˣɹɺõô⣬ôܻЩǮ
˵ĸⲻܳ𣿡
ֲ֪ĸ⣬ǷҲˣ͵ˡ츣ü ԼСΪܸ
պΪҨһ⻰Щûס룺ƭˣҽ ǧô
ȥȥȥҰǹĸûϵҰװ׷ô󾢶һûأ츣ûشĻϵҲֻܹԼ ҲԿС
ô
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ˣ ˼ҵ£ ͱôˡ˵ţΪ˼ƽﰮԵĲˡ
ŵͷ룬 û뵽ʱôãȻĿζǵЩദܹƽԱ˴ˣȻڹȥ֮£ȴἰ
˵ʲô㣿츣ȻֻʣֻɽֱǱоҩͼùܡ
ʲô㡭ԸϹ룬Ͼһ뿪Сľݣζ͵ָ̤Ϸӿ;±仯޳˵ټս֮ϡ
һһǰɣҲûʲôáֻͼƽƽһӣʷʵǸи˵ĻˣʲôÿԼ컯Ҳǲȡ߸츣Ȼ˼ȻĻ˶Էע⡣
ɵ˫˻
츣ǲǺȸˣǷûоư
츣ĻĿࣺʵר֢꣬Ѿĵá˵ǽҪģ֮¡볤ϡ
һȳ˰Σ֮󼧵ǿعʵڲ֪˵Щʲôҽ뷨ܸģҲ̫ĵˣ
룬ڣȷʵЩ޻ǲܰ쵽Ҽǵмأȵ뽹ʱøõ뽹̫ӻ˹
ΪǸ̫Ӹû츣һ֪ı飬ƽĵá顱죬뽹̫ʵѪвĻԣԻʬ֢صĻֹͣϢ̽ЩӹҽΪҲʵⲻСС֣ѪƽʱעϢˡ
츣ȻǣЦù죺˵ָһ͸˵˸
ԽԽеаһë
˾ˣܸأ
ҲҪĴۡһ٣֮˽ԲϲҪ´ң
µǣЩ˻ԭ
ʱش˳ĬļֱҾҽо仰˵úܶԣÿ˶иԵĻҲҾδ޷˵׷󡣡
ܲа˼ҪԼ뷨ǿˡҲգʲôôòףҽϹȥɣҲڲӳî

ֹ˼գ츣˸ȥɽ¸ϼʱð˲µļҵĵظ˼ѡȻŮӴѡ
򵥵黨Ҳʮȴפ˰졭δָŮҴģء
԰ɡôҽһƬ⡭˳ӡ
츣Ҳһ԰ǻǣһң촩˵·ʲô˵ˣ¶üˣûµˡҺĺӴԶļ㲻ҵ飬Ҳܸù˼һӰɡԼϱãȻҲûţ
ԸвԸɣ츣Ǯ֪ôģƭǮ·˯žġ
ʼδǣҲһһͣ
գӲʩ£ֻǿ¡
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ٺÿҲֻܿ˦һ䣬ɷ˵ǣ𼧵֣سţͽҽ̾
԰ϱ˲𰡣

мҵⲻҪձæµֻΪҺڣһ˳ԱȫҲ֮иĺô
ԺһѵȻмҵģɴʱȴԼδڵͷ࣬뼧һ𲢼ڼУһСŮ
ԼԱԷţƤù컯֮ʧͳȥϱյø
ʮִָۣһϧڡײվ
ϵò࣬츣ҲȥϹ䡭ֻǹ䣬һ·ֿտա
ȥǱ߿ɡ˵ţᲽߵһӵƵ̯Ӹǰ
ѡ˸СɵĺɻƣȻˡ
ʱϲЩСˣҲŴǰ
յСӵƣݸһյӵơ

ϣǻˮ߷źӵƣԴЩȥꡣ
ĻͷѾͷҲΪҲڷӦġ

ҹյʹ
ĺӵܣˮƯˮӴ
̲ŵƻӳձˮӳǺӡ
紵ȹǣվںӱϵغ£˫֣һֻɻ¡ԽƯԽԶ֪Щʲô
죬ҾҪˡãֱССӵʧڿ˿ڡ
˾Ѿķ˲ʱգٲȥڶһ˿Ӧһֶɾ鷳ˡ
Եص˵ͷ
ƽõߵ˾ͷǰ綼ҪػظԵĹ켣ɱݡ
ԸԸ⡭һߣ˺ܾãԥ˺ܾãŽ̻жʱĻ˵ڡ
ǰƵĻ֮ȴ͸ġ
ڹǰ£ǲףҲ֪һεĽ᲻ͬ
ʱգ˺ܶ࡭׿Щļ䣬ԵִʵδŵҲˣҲԼˡ
ˣҲ÷ˡοһͬʲôܷµģ
뵽⣬ֻؿͬҹϵķҲ˴ů⡣
ԾĵƻнԶ˫۵ɴϵľδȥ
ҹ壬ˮϵ΢ǡӿŨҵûᡭ
ԼĪǿ˶Էǣļ˫ĿȻƻҹһʱ俼ǣԸ⣬ȥݵҡ
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147 ҹ˼
磬 뼧һͬ츣
츣Ҳˬ죬Ϊ׼˸һرľϲء롰ˮġ
ǴѰģԣ ءܹػеȷ벻 ǵ ʹʧζһֵı ǶʧһõĻ䡣
츣ʼ磺ѰġɽиģӺ̳ѽѰ˼϶ǵĶ Ծˡ
ԭ彣೯츣һ֣˷飬
ν츣˵ģԺ͸Щϡҩĺҽҵ伮֮ģ ԱףҵóԸоϵط
ǳ˳顭ôֳȥˣ жǳţ
˰ٲݹȣ˱ֵ𣬸ǰ·Ҳᡣ

˵ߣͷͳֱһֱţ ڿҪˡ
ƻ ԼޣʱϻûǷݡѪ顱ɾıگˡ
ȥˡ۾쿴ˡ˺ Ϊ˱衣
һ۱ڿУ ֮ڶԷ࣬ĻСߪΪ׻ӪĸȻ ˺ͻܷλо֮һξ
δԼʱǻϣ֪ζʲô𡭡ڵأŲ̨
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ȥɣ Ѷ£ԼС
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ž齥ϥϵ಻Խ߬Խ
˼ǰ֮󣬼׼ϻ

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һ뵽ڣȻȻ뵽ݸֻıȻ¡
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䳰ȷԱ𣬼һ٣㿴һԼһģһ
硭ԼֳֻԵͷ
ڴǰٻеսսȻʱļȴ鵭ĮҲδѯʶԷΪγڴˡ
ΪģֻոǷ̫ġ
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̫ӵǲδע⵽䵭̬ȣΪʲôҪߣع𣿡
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ȵȣԣ
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عְʱἰ֪ݣʢŭ֮¶ûв㣬ǸʱҾһΪãܷɸһѵԴһʼʹǻƽ̨źõġȻֻ֪иҡŶݼƻߡ԰
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ʱ԰ʱԷЩվסૣǡݸ
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ƽʱ̫ӵŭһ󲻾֮ط䣬ȴѵõδػû˵
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ǴǰǸԸֳƴӵĿˣ˿̵Ѿ׼㱻Ҳκζ԰¡
οݸԼģݸʬδȥִôһɥ񣿣
̫ӵϲһ˿ŭֻ΢΢һ뿹
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δԶ̫ӵƵĻˣǱֻڹ;ˡԶ;еǶֻᡣ
Ȼת˾֣Ҫʲô
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̫ӵĮȻƳ˹صļһۣɱˣк洦
˵꣬һֽ°סǿȶԷ̧ͷ㲻ҸһᣬʲôҲȥѼκ鱨Ҫģֻÿչ˺أԽԽ벻㡣
ƴҡͷˮض
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˵꣬¼뿪
ʱܲϸܵ
Եڵأȫ±ܵ͸ʪĿն̫ӵȥķ򡭡

ǡ
ƽ̨
ͬһ磬ʪĳ
̫ӵھ̸Ϻڰ˫Ȯƽţʤϡ
仺ڵ̫ȷôãνġȼƻʵ˵ˣǸ˼ưˡȻһ뻸ĲɱҲöԸһԸˣвͨ
̫ӵ̧ͷҲ˼ɫˣɫ˥ۣԳá˺-ɫ-֮-ͽȴ֮ˡûȷƵȴиɻܶ˶£Ҳ᷸ºܶ˶᷸Ĵȼƻ֮ǡǡڴˣʱ¿µ˸һϣץסġ֮ͯꡢĹȥ
˵ţ̫ӵִһöӣص֮ϣ۵׶ʱӿֳɱѨ
Ÿոݵһ֣˫ԭõľ汻ơ
ۿʤѷ֣Ǿ뿪ҡ̫ӵͣȴ˰֣һͣͬʱתԸһϡ
ŵһɲǣʪƮȻҡ
ããĻۣУƮҡĴ࡭


153 Ե
 ͷˡ
Ů˼ʵеԼԴͻȻ˲٣һվӲŷԼһͷ֪ʱ 滹˸ָķΣ һȥⱦ⻪財
ÿǺÿ ʵ̫ תͷЩѾ
ͣͣͣЩӲҡ
ĻλŮ˼⣺ǾЩβǣ ūȥ
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ŮĻˣ뵽еĹأ ˵ǹѾ̹ѽѻŮӰӦ̷٣ 򲻿ǰڹǰͷ-ˡ
Ǳֻһֻ֣Ҫղ򵥵㡣⣬ڶˣ ࣬ ȻЩŮÿ޷ǽԼû֦չ뷽跨ֵþĻġδҵıŷע⵽Լѳ¶ĺ޲ҹҹޡʥ첻˥ֺγࣿ
Ů֪ǰλؾŮļϵˣ ˵Ŀǰδ⣬ ⿴⹬ڵð죬缸ʣ Сϵ̨īһѡ͹ʣպٷʲôģҲ˼⡣
ϴ󣬼ЩСˣȥ԰ɢɢ
Ļ԰ûع԰ôĻܲľҲ԰෱࣬ÿ괺춼Žء췼ƣȻСҲСĺô벻·Ҳغķ̫ȥ
ĺѹ԰Ļ󲿷ȻлľԽԽïʢдеһƬ
ǰסڰʱһѡʮľڴˣ󣬵СѳһСƬ֡
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ע⵽Ů΢ӡü
˹棬̣˾֪ͣܽӹܺеͷȨˡ˳ǡ
һЦǼ˵֪ԼҪ꣬غš
ǲǣתĬĬأһԵĹŮ˵͵Ƿд£
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̲סڵҲ̫۸ˡ᲻ܾǣȥ淢ǡ
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ǣ㣡ҵĺϣ֪ǲǼĴܸоʱЦԽԽڣ׾͵Լ
ϣüƺ̫ϲƺ
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ǽȹƣѵ׸úʲôգգ۾ڳһҺʧǲǲˡı飬αװһֻβǡ
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ڴ˿Ƥް취ˣҲ⡣
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֮׵ĳƺдĵȻ·һ㡭¶óѵЦݣս֮ˣͳɤĵѵÿҪΪȻҪ㡣ΪڶûţӶܵɡ
㲻һʱǰù𡭡δ䣬ȻһᣬûӦ㱻ᱧһ߿ţǵ齱ȥˮ
ղ˳޵Ϊϵš
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154 ³
ܿ˳ŵ ձ㽫龭
Ǽ˽̵ܵϳͣÿʮӣֱۣ ⣬ µĹҲ˷ȾϴĹһ͵
ֱʱ ֽ֪
ݰ˵ ĸĸūˣСڲԭˮݶӣ ūͻսʧɢ˷ּ֣֮תһǮͷȥ
ͷѰЩΪԼң ȴòףֻ˵СЩϧ ڼ˰ΪŮ˽н̵ֹͨϵعƾɫʮа-ܱϿУ ԼΪĸɵ һҲ˳¸ŷɻڴˡ
ȻƫƫԸΥһճɫȮĻūѪͳ⵽ǵӺ裬˵ó裬 ֮㶼ϼѡ
ۿԼ˿գ Ǹɵ֮ϵһڹ
ūݵͼ Ǻˣɹңֻ̫࣬ⱲڹߵţһְūҲɽܡɴͷ˵ҲС
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׹˹˵Σϴ˿
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ĵһ۱㿴齱ߣִһŮõСȣһһµΪ硣
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һͷ˿΢΢ЩңµɢЩԼ¶𪻬ļոյһĺ΢٣뵵ˮ֪
šſɣɴľͣ͡㵵۾һƫͷǣһͼֵƾܡ
ǵǰǲֵһᣬ±㱻׽ס󣬽´ҲԷָ
ʲô˵ģ̫ˣ֮ЩܵˡʶŤŤȥ˶һΪֱԷҲԽԽƳȡ
ۿ¼ǡʱ˵š
ιݺݵػͷɫѿҲôá
ΪģֻԼ˾ȻҲô۵ʱڹţûæô
ŵĵȻǰԭźͷλŮһϵҴŻŵŵһ򣺡ϣǡǷʹ
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УķٸҲ񣬳ûҵĺÿʲô㻹û˵ΪʲôѧأʹģŪü֪Ǻá
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ǷʹٲˣԼɫеĲҲ˴룺ˣҲʲô˵¡Щĸ͹Ȼ㣬תɡ˵Žһʳнǰˣһת˵߾ߡ
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155 
ŵĺӻص޵ʱ ȻûģʹôԶ·Ÿʲô
Ҳûʲô˵Щ㡭һһʮػش ղĶԻ ڵ 빬ʱӦҲɣ ͺСӡ
ͷڵãȥеĲ һꡣ
ʵԷҲշʱһʱ뵽˷ڣ֮־ԼˣϾͬϵ˶ȥҷڲ׷֮ ԴΪԼһǰ̣ɲ̫硣
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˵ҵ·ĺ ˵ѧʹЩͷԵԾʽԼ˵ʱ鶯̬С Цá
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±˵Ĵͬƣ ķͷʹ͵ʱ򻹵üţ ͬĶ͹˵ı͸ʹ͸Ҳʹ͸ˣ ɾеˡ
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һôѲɻʲôԣɵȡǸ
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˻ڣڽƵ¯ﲻѰǰȼ㣬¯Ǵ󿪣ͷʢŴı
Ƚʪȵ÷ķҡ
Ķڰǰ֬һϸϸƷıڲ࣬ȻȴûһˬĸоԽԽķ꣬Ҳ˿ȥ
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ɾӸµؿǣֵǱ㣬ϵǷǣָδã
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ƾǼŮ󣬿Ҳ޶ԡ
ֱ޺ԶȥվһʼδĶ̾һֻǸ빬ĹŮⲻأǳ˺οϾɱ
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ʲôأϽĵŮһ빬㱻ΪˣλѵҪ¼ȥ費ɣ
ΪǸŮӶհɡһóԹɫ϶ЩΪ¶գ㲻źۼ̽Ǻ֮ף棬óȥһĻľǸʲô
λҲ͡Ȼδԣ͸¶ϣ
΢΢һЦ޷Ϊ̽飬檶óȻǰȥ


156 
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ˣʱ磬 ¶˯ӡ΢춯 عͷ˵
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зѽعǰչʳӡСĸͽ̵ң紩ϴ֮¶ģΪ߹عȻ
Сһûǣ˶ˣҲǣ
˭˵ģˡ䲻׽ס½ǵ֣ڴһ£һЦҵˡ
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ž˺⣻ͬҲǵһΣ󺰴Уʧ͸
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ͨһ˫ϥأϢŭ²ǲ֪ĲΪѣȻѴӦִȼƻӦ֪ɰ;ϣŭϣ롣
ȻһЦ޷һˡԸҲԸľżһ˰ڲһӡ
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ұ̫ͻϡˣˡ
³ȥѡ
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ʱȻؿڳߣĿնŹڵϵҩ裬ʹر˫ۣҩԺӻкӰ죿
һɷģҩ֣һΪΪ衯ĺ岻Զȫ෴ΪҩֻŮֽԷǻ֮ҩ̥ĸ޺úҲް㲻ʡҩȶΪľǲЩĸƴĹǯȨôĲ˵Ҳû˭ĺӡĵʲôҲ֪ĵʲô
ϧ̫ӵֻ֪һζǿȡ
ڵϣֽҩ𣬴Ļҳһװƿ
ӹҩƿؿƬ̣ͻȻЪ˹ЦЦ⣬ֹסز˶ƣҴҲ
ɳĬйΨһġ
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Ψнܻݸĺݡ
رغԼӣ»ᶨڽҩ͵һݣתԽ
ĬĬ߬еҩƿһĹ⡣
ѲǸԴС׸ӰˡΪ˰ΪȥݸΪԺĺӣǰһ·Ҳһ
лҪ˵
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˵ʹ֮ǰһˣֻվڹſڣûȥ Ҳû˵ϼ仰λһ ̸ֹΪ壬 ֲʧƽ׽ˡ
ӳǣ οôණַԸ衣
ЩԼģ ô谮㣬ЩҲȱǡŷ˵˼ʳЩθСʳ͹÷ò˵ʱϸģ Цͷ֮ף ˲Ծ֮˾롣
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ˣ ʲôӲӵġûˣ £ͺɡԭλӵĹȷʵޥġһʡ
񼧵Ϊ˸ ľǰΪͬ ʱһԼĵȻǸ˵ģ Ҳ˶Է⡣
ʼȻҲöԷ֪Լռֻ֮˸ѣ˵ԼǸ¶֪ĸ˭ֻǵԼи֡
գпѣû뵽õ࣬ϣ˹Ժ󰡺ӻءˣˣĶģ
֪Է⻰ʻ̽߹˴ܷѲأ˵ǽˣҲڽݡ
ԭĵòģȻЩطķϸڣûǰĲ˽⡭ڲ˽ĶȻ˵ԽԽá
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𣿡ССϲȣΨˮٺຣʺӦоС
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˵λߣһֱܶ˻˿ĵĿأйӸߣôҲĿǰͷˡ
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˼ȥһ磬ʲôˡ
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΢΢һЦҲֻǿһƤҶѣΪ
ȻģԼãˣǸ廨ͷҲͲסϲ
˿ѧ⿣Էԣӽ˵һƾɿڣһԣҲ塣󹬵ŮҲͬĵ»һɾɰûлܡʢ˥֪˵ĵʲô룬¸һŮڶ࣬кҲδܵӣΪǡ
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Ҳδȥ˷շٶӵĿҵ
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Ҵ˴ǰΪΪԼҲʶһнԵߵŮӾк͡ΪζԶ˻ֻҲû¡԰λĴϻۣƱغܿ뵽Ҵ˷ǰĳ̽Ҹոڶ˻ʱһкг׼˻˻鷳ʱҲҪǣȥߣĳ谮紫ǰǸķ糾ŮӣҲǳ¡˻ĸڿƷޣǿյĳݣѱպ󲻻ֺαذѱȫѺһϣ
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һ˺˵һŪô֡Σ ԼֶȴԼһùá òҲ֪ǸСĳĸ׽̵ġ
˽ֿڵǰʱ˵Ҫ ĵ鵽ڣ
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˱ɣֻǸӣ˴¡һڹгнڼ󣬵ϲӣΪͳǵһ¡˷صԱ㽫һܹΪعԼĺҲ˳µسΪճӣΪ̳дͳ
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廰䣬ձȲˣʲôﰡ
Եͷ۽ǵ̸һֶȤ
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ҷͷʢϽ빬̽Ůһ±øĺĽѣּһض䡪ڿĵĶ˻˼磬ԼʱԵһһԸԲ
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СԴת׼ΣһС˵ģǳԷǺ˹ġ
ЩơôãȲһҲúȣôȵһ㲻ʣʱ
ԽԽԼС磬ʱɿһʶԼӶᵽһȥˣǸϽˡ
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159 ͬ
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ڵͷ̫Ķ »ϵһЩġ¼ǵӵ͸˶˻ˡ
Բ֪εģζ
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Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ ĳЩΪĸĿٲȥ浱Ϲ𣿣һ˼֡
˻ӦһʱͿô޷ΪĸҡΪһеԳΪأ ǮҲˣ ЩϿҵûɡ
ʶߵ鰸ʵĸҲûʲô Ҳǲ顣ҪǵΪ˷գڳıһֵ֧Ҳпԭɹ˵ĵֻ֧ͨĸգͨĸ÷ռ̳дͳٷΪı档
̫ˣЩﰵĹ۲죬Ͻ޲֮ġҶ˻ҲרȨ֮ˡĻڲֹһ˵ɽһⶼͽ͡
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һ˵תȴһ˵һ֮䣬ܲеꣿ
̯ģؿԼ֣ǰҲҡ
һ˲뵽˿ȣԼǸˡ

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ɫѾѿ˼㣬ֱӽװƽĺӡžظϣƻظģЩΪҪҲøϽͷԼҪĶӡҵ
ĴСǱģʱ㼲ɫѵ⣬ҲΪĸܹҲס⻰ίȦʱˣһУΪ˷յ̫֮λ𣿣ô꣬ҺΪԼıŮͲָˡɷôǳӣƾʲô̫ܵӣ
Ϳ嵱ϵ鴢֪Ǻο̫ӡôã
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ڳ˵Ҳܺ绽ģʵֻ뱣ԼһƽݣԵļȹ˲ϣҲܡ
ȻããΪʲôô˶ͷѪҵĵŮĴС㣬ͷȴҡΪһ㣬ԳΪ̫ӵķȴҪƽƽҪγ谮ŮҲգһҲգⶼҪԲΪ󣬵Ҳ˵֮λ
ֱԶײԼĸףֻôҲ벻ͨΪ˿ԼһģֻһԸΪԼЩίʤ÷ΪѾԼòֻʼΪյ̫֮λĵߡ
޷һŮΪ󣬱ĺӳ˵ӣķոô죿Լָô죿
ĶӣΪã㳹׶˼ΪʹˣҲܲˣҺΪ֮ɡһһһЩȥ
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ֲʹȰ⣬ڿճɲ̫ӣԼܵĶû塣
ֽϣĬĬҧ´ʹ˰ݵġԲǴص󣬵ĺӱǴصĴ

Ĵ㴦ö˻ˣǰԳе磬̲ס˾䡣
áδùжᡣ˵öԣķ̹˶һֱľǷյĸףֻҪ˵ĵߣȻЩ֡ߵЦЩɬ֡һ顯֡Ϊ˵һвνδҲиġΣڰǲҲùǸ֮ˣ
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Ⱥ˳Ҳֲ³ӣȻ㲻㣬ڵǹΪ̷̫ҩʱ̫Ƶڵأ̥˳ӷգԭӦһõĶһº¹Ӹߡ
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òǾޣ۽üԴһֵ ЩԶĴ˵ ʱ򣬱㲻Ծǳˮ羮С
񿴵øⲻڣ ҲغһֵӼȻһаã΢ҪȥΪҩͲˡ
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Ҳ̫δһʦáӲ˻УԭȱҲ˲١
꣬ԼҵӺ˰һλʿΪʦѧϰ֮Ĵھˣرѧɽ֮һͬع
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ôӻװӹ㵱ҲãԿôһѪܺôƣ࣡ٽˣһ˺ûȾˣΪմƭ㿴һ֮ѣﵱˣ
ԽԽҲ̲ˣʦã˵ʲô㶼ţһҪ˵ûԲס£
װװװ޿̵شһ£
һΣҵǺһ˳ӵòˡ
⸱ﵱҲϹ۲ſôû˵ţӹﶶһӳСߣס߾СҧסڣһɵɫҺ建˳ܿ콫һˮȾûǡ
ӽСڣˮݵҵǰҪ㣬ԡˮˣ־
Ǹɶʦ˵ܼǵðɣ˼ܺҡӡ밡һóЩȻ֪ˮ綾ޱȣҲ֪ľƢһԷ϶°ƥҲֻܾȥ͡
Ȼѹûȥһ䣬Զƣ㵽׺Ȳȣ
ҼᶨҡͷҪҺҾͺȣƫȣ޹أƾɶҪ־
ЦЦҵǰɣãҾͺңڹйŮͬһңɶӺ£ʱ򲻹㣬ȫҶ
һƽϣϾԼʦãԷȻҪ޶ǾͲˣңҪôˣԺܸ
˶Էһ䲻ʹĻúЦúܣҺɶŶֲϲ˾ʧ裬һҲΡ
˵ţٴνǰ֮ˣϻΪֹҪǲȣҾͺ˰
úúãҺȡҺȡΨֶӺˣ˽Ůˣ֪Էʲô¶ĳϽˮһһߣ˰ɣ
ĺˣ
΢΢һƺԴЩ⣬Ȼˣ㲻֡
뵽⣬ӸµظԼʦֽڵ۵ͷ󺹡ӡ
κۿɫףٲʩȱҪƵض£Ͼ˿ȥʹ߳ĺ飺ʦ֣ġ߶ѲʱҾ˵ǻͳɼжҲ˻ỳɣһһܵõ͢ĸҲʱӼʦǹ¶ĸġʦֻɶԣͿ㽲ɣʦһᾡɡ
ǿƫԴ˿ţһ޿Ҷ㡭޻˵
ѵ޹أһ䣬Ȼתȡɫѣڴ¡
ţһĵԾȻͬʱӵĴһಡ֮
죬һͷ̵߶ȻӴ״ܳҵֱ۾Ǻݺһڣ
ɽߣ㡭㹬ôȶҲɵ۾ؿһ󼱾ʹ̶³һںѪ˲Լҧ˵ֱ̧ۣ۾𾪡
նţ˹ᣬԦ֮˵ԼĹôˣ
ҷ֧ӣʦֹһν̵ǣ򲻿Լѧļȥˡ
ϻôôࣿͷˣܱ˺ˣǳԱ˳ŵģһıĲм
ʦãֻǺһ䡭ץס½ǣ۾ɵñͭ廹
ûꣿܶ˾͸ʬ˦ȥ
һЩãȻһѲŷԼ˳Ҳܹж硪ԣѾˡ
ĪԼոձҧһڣ˲ŵԽϵľ綾
Ȼĵɻ赭дûеɽС֮ҩɽ⣬ֻߵĶ-Һܽ˱Ƴ
ԶֻһЩƫŵҽ
ǰʦ˻Եɺ֮°һλҽΪʦϰ֢ƷѧǸƶⶾ֮ĸȤʦ͵͵׽Ы֮࣬ʴӱѧʲôһͨ
Ϊʦ֣Լʦа·Ȱ˵Ƣ¿ӻĶĻԹĻ󡣺ѧʦ˵ôʡģҲûǳʲôӡ
˼Ƽ䣬ҿһʼŭɴ˿̵ľᡭǵģᡣ
͵Ļ˵ˣԷǲţΪԼ춨ҪŮˣ϶Է֪ΪĴ󷢣Լһ
һԿ϶Ӧò鷳ˡ
߰ɡ³һǿԼƽһ˻䡣
Ƭ̺󣬼Էԭزüɤһΰθߣ㰡
̾Ϣһ˼һյĹԼڹŹ˸أҲǹҩˡ
лҪ˵
Բһ¶ӺһĴ龰ֱӰлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


161 ͬһ
 ÿʱ򿴵Сϳ˯ţ˯ʰ ˵ǰЩӶĿθС˵һЩ ֳԲˣ ÿҲģ 
ҹƣôСϼ ޹ǵָУ̶գĵ˲٣°Ͷˡ뵽⣬סһ뵣ǡ
У Ūһ߶һ߿ֱЦ˵ͱСֵˣ ʱ뵡ʳˡǰÿļһȦûʲô˵ģΪ΢ͷ̫ҽ
ô˵΢أֻҪ¹صʳסжͷȴ¡
һ Цõؿô󡭡⻰Ժ˵Ϊã һЩȥˣ֣
Ǿ֣֪ļϵˣҲñš԰˰뿪Цʽ ĻӦǰԵ ˵һѱסϸ˴ᱧߵ⡣
 Ҫʲô컯յģɺͳͻһʧ룬ŲغҴؿںֱۡ
ɫ磬ȥ͸͸ôֳͳˡ
֨ˡȷЩΪȣʶɴﲻ״̬ԽԽǸóɢɢˡ
Ȼʵ֤̫򵥣˵ġɢɲǳȥߴ磬ͬһ
ͬһôֻһˣֲСμȥ
˵ԼһеļҲȻȻغϡ
ʱĻ˼׼ȴԼԷֱ۽ţ
Ķ⽫üëһһ¡ı顣
һ
бĽЦıɽ˶νƽֻһõĻڿⷿ
ģҾͲŹĲûСʾԼֲûڹŲôϵ
Ц޺аԼͽλֻ֣ұ˽衣ҹҲȥġҪɣ̷Ϊһķˡ
˰ɣǰ𣿣ţͷƫһߣŰô˵ɵ֪ԼΪѡˣǺ󹬣عöҪ췭ظ
˵ʲôãȫ¿Ҳ͵ô˵ȲԸ⣬ǾͰˡ˵꣬Ըߡ
ūڡԸһֱڽԱߣǰ
⸽ˮ鿣ɻʲôĺȥ
ϣΧܹ۾ҲֻˮǰĺͤˣֻͤĿǰУδ깤ǰһأǺ̶˴ľ񡢼ɽˬˡ̸еĸſԸ߿νָơ
ͷ˵ǲˣǺ̶ҹҲǹһġ
˼Ǻ̶˻Ͻһ˲ĳɣĻҲδ˵ȥ
ôˣͻȻ񣬼̲ס˾䡣
ûʲôȥ˼ǣ̧ȥǺ̶
ǵһͬһ뵱ñͰͬһǰɽͬһǰӵĻͷһء
˵䣬ɫĴѲǰмĹ˺ѲߵǼĲ׷¹񡣼˿̾ϣⲻڣ۾֪ĶҲ֪Ķڣп಻ԺҲױ·ˡ
ۿ̧ŲԶԶոǼ˿ʼͷӶȻ˽Ȼ硰Ļҹǡ֮
˵⣬˽ĶЩ죬Ŀ俫͵צӣԹصһۣ˵ǻӣҶӲˣûղЩֹʲô˵ǻŮصĊϲ槼Ͱ榣
ЩʵҲˣȴװģ΢΢ͷţ˵ò⼸ūŻͦģ˽ǾˣᲢ۵Ҳ˵ùȥ
װɵɵ¶֮ɫ˵Ůô˵˸֮ѲҲΪĻ
ЦҡҡͷԲӡԵҲۣ͵˵λڼսΪ˾ȹǿȮֲӹ֮λλԼȴµµΪس֮㲻ϣʷҲδʷƽնʷÿÿ˴Ĳ
ĩսƵѵ֮Сܵľͳҽ壬νͷһ˵߸֪־׵ۣڰһľ
бʾ֮֮֡Щνʵսƽƽ棬ִڼ̩񰲣ûз̫⻼ѡǻƵǡʾȴδص֡ͱǷѵ幫ȷʵһλʴȰĹԵ˶ʰݣ̰ɶΪʴȣʹξɥʦҲԼ޶աľǻʲôأⷬɱ̬ȡĹߡԸΪһпᱩŰıҲԸһȥ尮ʵӹӹµµĻ
ҡҡͷȷ̫ˡ幫ʵ˵ȫԼⲢ壬Ǽʼ壬ҲΪܡǣͻ
ȷͻƲɼãܶ޷ȫսԣ˫ⲻɢɴӹŵսδͣϢ֪ܶˣ֪ḶܴĴۣΪλҪ˱˵ˣԱ˿ֹʩмˣ
䲻һʣһʱ仹Ȼ֪ļƫȴҲˡ˺һųſڵۣ
̫Զ֮£ʷɿ
ʱԶİ˽ͤϡɼһССӰԼͯж
ʾ⹬ͣפ㣬ͤķʵɫѰ˭飿
Ը̴Ƿչӡһ㣬ۺҲӲиģǹƵúܣͤ顣
ͷĿ¶
ܼԺ²˽⣬λչжŵġ
ǰʱ౨ʱἰ˶˻˿֮ӣǰصĺӣСͱ
ǷҪǰݣԸᴧĦ⣬˾䡣
һ䣺ءڷܿͲҪȥš߽㣬ùһڶЩʲô
Ըù̧Žǰһ㣬ϸ֮£ڶǡӡԭڴߵ΢Цȥ
ֱǾ䡰е˹ӡеģ˹ӡе֮֮ʩҲɫȻһ䣺Ըߣȥ̵߽յķӣԺٽЩûõĶ
Ը΢΢ͷǡ
˶˾ĲãҲʹ˵ͷذ
һ·ϣһԲ˹Ÿ
̿ţ⸱Ӻ˭ǷܶǮƵģҸʦ˵һԼ°ͣһڶԷǰָָ㣺ҶˣͽСծͼ
仰ˣĵĲɢЩӲุܲô߻ȡЦҡ
Ͳ࣬һãҵǾ÷⺢ӲôС˿̿ùѾ˲
˲鷿߰ˡ̾顷͡ɡſʼϰӡҪ壬ֻ֪ѧЩûõġôôӣ
ͿʼѧһͬоٮٮˣĺӺֶܶʶȫأҪҲ̫ˡԼʱڸʲôҲʶüְɣ
Դ൱ΪȻеıȻѧÿѽֻһʱˡ̾顷͡ɡҪ;裬ÿ˶ôš
˷Ƥ⻰ôôǷأ
һ䣺ôŷأ
ֻǾ¡ҽĺ£˯˶Цѡδ䣬һᣬӦʱѱ˴齡
ָʲôʹʣôʱദ罺ᣬһ֪Ҫʲô
Ȼǰ£˵ؽ˵ѣϢңҲΪԼĺӿ̿ùˡ


162 ӽ
ʪѰȥ 罥תۼĺ
֪ΪΣˬˣ ԸеӲ̹ ճʱ÷θ
Ĳѣ üȰ˵ҽة ȴܾˡˣԼ¸
Դˣ ΪѣǺαأԼģ㲻ΪϣҲҪԼū֪ͽǣһĲˣϻô
ģ ްԸ嵱ȻԼ˽⣬°ɣ ϢƬ̾ͺá˵ŷȴ
һ˼뵡԰㲵ݣ̾˿ת˷š
ֱϴ֨ѽһ죬 ȷ뿪 ۣʼ˹Ϣ
ǲ֪ԼܿѾ˰ĺӣ֮Գٳٲҽةֻԣ ıĺӣ ϲʱΡĻϲ
ʵǳϲӣСʱֻҪ˵ܵ㿪ĵòˣ οԼͰ׹⣬ܲ޲ýȫõĶ
ÿÿʱֳݷ飬ǿµȼƻǵĺӽҪı䡭㼫Ȼֺ̿ͷߺޣһı£ӻһȰңԼΪãݸðԼĺӶˡ
̻̲գٰ尾޷ѡ
֮ʱԵظо츣ʱ˹硢ˬԼϢң˹Щȫ۵
ջ۾ȻԱ̱ģվˡ
ֻȻƽ̹С-ĿͶ顣
ӣȻˣ׾ͲڲˡƴҲҪȫ
չĲ£Žʱ򲻽һϽǰ˴ϷôˣΪɫ
ڰ֣ͻȻʵأ
ʱӦ鷿
ԷΪʲôͻȻĶʵش𡣼̴ʮ־񣺡빬ãܶط̫ʶܴܲȥ鷿
ڣǲ죬˿֪鷿ǴĵطŮһ¶ȥģ˿ʵϡ󹬸ñӡ
мҪ̸ϣҲ˵ҿڹи裬ʲô£㵣šǵһ㣬ʹʲô鷳ҲüһΡȻӶѻ˵ˣҲֻõͷ˼⡣

鷿ڣԼдõĲ۹صݸԼĸġ
ÿһĹΣֽţԼдһֺ´ӶøĿ佱ΨԼдòǸ
վñֱȴ벻һԼĽż⣬һ͵͵Ƴһ顣
ȻʲôʲôһȻƪ˵ϣһɺԣ˭ѧЩۣ֮
ոϽ£޶ۣ֪дĲԣʾ
۾䷨ո̲۫ڳƽ˽Է֮Ȼ˵塯˵㣬ô
΢٣ȻʼԼĹ۵㣺ȴпȡ֮編̹ܴ󳼣ƲƥȶҲͬԦ󼡷˼顷ۣʵڲҹͬ
׷ʣ˵˵кβף
ջشԡ˼顷Ϊ˵ֽͬԲţ˭ţڷǳ˹¼ҹˣõʧ᲻ף
ߵΪλôΪϵɱɱɱɱʦɱͷѪΪˡһʲô˼ָǳѵǫָȻһ㡣ôǳԵĵû̹𣿣
ղ˵ڡõʧΪߴߣˮʹˡλȨʱ΢ʱ侮ʯѰֻҪȨգγ
ҡҡͷ˹Ĳ֮˵кβͬҲ˵˹ǸС𣿣
˹Сˣ֪¶ߣҲƿϣֻ֪伢˶Ѹ߾ãιƯ
̲סʼǿԽɽ㸲ֻʧġΪ֮ΪᡣʼΪңʽ΢
Ȼŭ𲻹һƥȻáΪ󡯣ʲôݣǹ˵ĳӣ֪Ϊӣڹ뷨ۻʲô֪ǰ󹬣ж˫۾ڶ㣬֧㣿
Բģϴơ
ˣһȣһֻյڷϥǱߵĵϣķһأ̵Ĳˮས˷յϺϣʱǰ۵ֱ̺죬۵÷һ
ŭڴڴͷκջ񣬿ϵǽ壬ڵ̧֡
ղԣؾԼ˫ֱ֣
ʱע⵽ӵ̵ֱòᣬƤ˵ģֱմżƬҶ
Ʋ˫źۼ˵ֶ̳ˣд֣ĸǶ˸࣬롭⼸վͲҪȥ鷿ˣЪŰɡ
˸Ȼ˳鷿
ɫӵ˻ȥѾкܶ˸ǰλ߳ơȻĴԼҵʦҲԼոҲΪϴĸֲʱʧ̬һʱŪ˷ա
ھΣҲǰȥ鿴ӵƣɾô
ԼеĺӣŮ񶼺׽ˡ֪Լǲʲôֻòã벻ף벻͸
ֳԼ΢۵Ķͷü΢һĴܸȻ


163 
ǰ鷿·ϣ ѾúȻòʱҲҪס
ˣҲǺ׼ ˳Ӧ֮ߡ
ȼƻ˵˲ĺӳΪ͸Ŀܣ Դع մﵽĵĿôֻҪܰĶӳΪ̳дͳ ƻ޹ô
һ˵ף֮ǰֳضѹֵĸо˲٣ Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ĿǰΨһŵģѡһλΪֶ󣬶һҪ²ż汸ԵΪȡ²ɲ֮ϸϸǡ
ǰתһ鷿ˣ˿ԡû˵꣬ ֻӹսǴͻȻðһˡԷͷܿ죬 ǰͷҲûע⣬˱òײ˸
աϡһһƨɵڵء
һ غչӡ æ𣺡ûˤŰɣ
Ҳǰæ·ϲСմĻҳȥ俴Է˵ֱѿڶԭǷչӡ˻˵Ķӡô£
Գһ£ȻҡҡͷҪ ֻǺȲʱСŪ˲յ
˵ţ ̧ͷǰŮӣֻԷ̬ͣ Ŷ˷ơ
ղɵɻ󣬺µĹԼ൱һֻĸĳͣȻǰŮѹʲôݣ˵ǹΪ߻źĹŮ
ͯ޼ɣСزסôôˣǸΪڹδ㣿
һһʱ治֪ش𣬱ϾԼȷʵ˵㣺ҲʲôޣֻұϿУ빬̾ࡣ
һȻı飺ŶˣԭǸصλŮӣȻûλ֣Ȼ̹Ƿյĸˡ˵ţ򼧵˸
ǰԶԶ⺢жӡ˶ӡ󲻴⺢ӲֻǽҾУҽľ͵ģҲԼ޷ֵ
ϥһ񣬽Žɢ׼գ俴ݣʱǰһǹд𣿡
յͷ̾ССͣд˺£ʵѵã
շǵûԵöˣйƤһί󣺡˵ʲôãҲ˵дĺáǸϲһ١
ŲµԵɣ˵ʵԼܵϵͬҲѣֻҪá̾顷͡ӡݣ԰޾Ϳˡ
ĸҲôҵģҲǸ뷨ҵ뷨Ҿø˵Ĳȫԡ
ҡҡͷԡЩҪǱĵȥͼӴһʱʹ㸸뱣Ҳˡ
⣬˶٣ʵǷܵϵĳޣֲԸ˵ЩΥĵĻ
տɾͷ
΢΢һЦˣŵùң´дǰɷһƧ֮Լ̹ӿɺã
룬ܿӦһΪ
Уֻ֪֪ǧκ֪ĸҲСŮݵ΢Լ鷳
ؿڵģһԾŶҾ͸¶һ֣
ΪˣԵ
ˣˡūֱԡ
԰ֹ飬ֱʵǲǾҶ£
ҡͷū澲ҡūֻΪҪں󹬳㣬Բ׾Ϊȣ躹޲ϲߡū澴󵨴⣬ôӦΪ˽ύ˻ˣˡūֱԣ˻˳߹󣬹߲֮Ҳδ顣
Ҵδй뷨̾Ϣһ
֮԰գǾ⺢ܼ̳дͳؽһλ尮ĺùڰ֣һΪ̫ƫ·顣ˣܹλҲ֮
뵽סૣôϣǸӶ˺ˡ

鷿ֵعѱˣ˼ʱûͨ
ЩƬһ̯ˮδɨ˫ַ̧۱㿴ǰ֮ˣɵò죺ôˣ
۴ǰصʱΪ˱ԼһЩҪ鷳ȥ֮Խһأһ̬ؽ봦鷿ȻΪ˽ԼеϢһ߶ԷͰһͬϲãȴԼϺɲ˷ա
ƳˤĲյδɵˮ鲻ԽǴͷɥı飬ԼԱ̺С֣öҲ֪ոշʲôɫҲ֮˼֣òʱ򡭡
ʱеĻ߰˰ˣټϿİˣΪԷֱֻŤüĿ˼֣һѽԷ̽ãϴĲˣҪúðοοң
ϼƿɫѷնŪˣôȥοһ£ǿ׶ӣһôСôµ֣
һ⻰֪϶ˣҶȻΪԼòյ˷գȻ֪Էȴδͣ˵һмľǽͣԻһѡţڲ˽ٶҲûáѹû뵽ǣĵȻҲ
뵽⣬ҲԽʹԣҵĶӡ£ΪףȻȨй̺ܽѵ롣
һ߰ĺӣòԣҲķʽͷ֪Ĳˮж̣̺ܽӵģ
ԼָԭѻƽϢ˵ĻϴܣЦһǣҲ̺ܽӣ֪СӰڴǰװί㵹ạ̊́ܽȴԵɱһζ˵ҵĲǣǷ˱ĴҲڶôĻ֪ղ˵ʲôǰᵽϴΪӦѧϰΤι֮ѵǹȻ𣿡
Уþ޷Ĵֻ̣ҪһصĶ̲סŭü
ȻձϾ֪飬ЩȥĶԹһ֪
ҡҡͷ̫ˣֻΤ֮㲻ϣУûǰᵽһ֣ԼǨŭˡ
Ҳ˫ۣϢŭ֡
ƽʱ͹һصĹˣսľȻʱ˿鷿ֻǶˣֲΪԷŭâԸˡ
ѵ˵Ĳô㾴мӣʹҲ˵ӲӬӪӭ
˵ú㣬ΪӵܣνġмǶԾľмǶԸ׵İɫԽԽѿԽԽǹһ˵úܲǰĸԼˣڶԼˣҾͲˣֻҺͱŮĺӣֲǺġһʲôϵΪܻ
ŵؿǰˣΪ˵ֻȷѵĺӣôôĵĸף
仰ëˣ˿û˹˼ɣӳΤĸҺݣ
ԭ㻹ڼƽЩԼ˵ôڰ˵ˣݸǰ԰˵Щν־һѪ
ݸΪˣԭΪȥһЩ϶ԷţȻƫִĺĥ
̾˿ޱȣ㸸ĸ㲻ǵĴʲôϵ
Ȼһ̾Ϣȴ˺壬һЦ˼ǡһþˣ
ںû뵽Լ֮˾Ȼ˶شԼʧ͸֮£˦һ䡰ֱȻתﳤȥ
лҪ˵
----
ؤС糡
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£Ǵ˸ӣһ
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ЩʧŮ˹ʲôӣĿãһиλ֣ǹأ
ʱ ˳Ĭ Ц֪ڵʲôҲֻǾúۡôŬ ʼն޷ȫ߽
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ԣվԼִ̫

һߵİ壬һͷĶ˻ȴλϡ͡ʹ
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ǼͷԼӣ նʱźͨʱʱ䣬ûʲô˸ţ ԱȽɡ
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˶Էⷬ⣬ջȻٿ򼧵ʱǾ岻ѣඥܽˣ

˵Ҳ˵ˣҲˣڼָºܿ콫޸ĺá
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ûע⵽ݴһ̵С΢΢Դ۾ŷȥķ򡭡


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Ϣŭֻ¹úϵ³裬ʵ󣬶˻˲Ը˷һۣûġ
뷮ڽ֮˼Ŷǰʲô¡
¹صһҲҵ飬Ǳ÷գԼع
Ը߽һĨȡ

˻ڣʹڵϿ޿䡣
λӸµؿλָߵͷ࣬һֻõʹ
һŴ˳Ĭ㻹ޣǵģ˵ģ˼Ҹеô˻֪и̣ǷмԴģ
˿ĵĻʹ޵øˣĶ˵ѽôܴĶ֣Լšأ
˵ţίͰ͵ߣ䣬˿ϵһࡣ
ЦӴô˵ܺߣ˿ڰŵλӦùܷˣ
˻һҲЦ˽Ķⷮʹƪز˻֪ڸġ
һ˿İ׳ʹһԽ˷Ҫ˵ѽ¶ȷʵҲȫַá
ʹʵ̧ͷΪиԼ˵仰ˣȴ϶Էֻһת׻˵úáһɽݶѾзֻĸϻˣȴӲƫִӹһֻ׺ġúõĺ󹬣ԭӺãӵĵط񾹳˶޳ҿȥҲʲôˣ﷢һҿճشһһϾҴ˰Ǿ仰ô˵ţŶˣʦҸì
ⷬ׽˶֣ٹ̲סЦ˳ԭصջ˲١
ɤӣɫˣ˵עִ硣
䣬ͻȻһϼݵ̷׷񣺡檲μϡ
ǽ˵ĽӭλԼһԣַԸϲ衣
ʹȻţ٣Խսսٲҿһ
üĿɫҲʹһֻۣ˿һ䣺ô¡
ȻʣʵֻǸ˼ܼ򵥣ֻҪ˽ľʲôʲô飬ڸ
ûʲôȵİΣҪ
ĽԼ˽⵽һ飬ĩˣ˾䣺檵ʱڳҲ˵ġ
˾䣺֤
ĵͷ·ʱڳĲаĹˣ·Ŀȫ֪ȫڵ⣬Ͽʱǽʡ
ִ̧һʹˡѰ²ɣȻ󱻰ӽѵһͨܿľһһʮ˵һ顣
ˣɻ˵ʹȻȣҲδ˵ˣôΪεأ
ʹǰһȻķ·תϲȸԾ֪һģ
ʱԸߵԵ⴫ϣ̫ҽ
վһ̧ӣ
ҿ첽ڣй񣺡μ
û˵꣬㼱еؿڣؾ񣬿˵Σ
üشϣλнµУֻ˼ȵ¾ټ֮ǰ뷮ʹִйʹӶ̥ŻȻε
һֱ۲ĿҲװеʵ˿ɺЩˣ
ѿ˼ҩʱûд󰭡
Ȼע⵽ҵĴǡʱûд󰭣Ҳ˵Ժ˵
뵽⣬ǰȥʹĿ˼֡
ϣ֮ٶ𣬿һԼƽŮɫϸӴʱŵֱǵġûС
֮¾˼ҡ޴룬ھǰԳơҡ޲
ûУü΢-ȥϸ·-ҹʱૣû鷳ûдĶӳ֣
ˡǡ
ʹҡͷҲǹġֻǻɣ͵ҵ壬ܻ֮²šҲ֪аϣ
Ҫ֪ˣ˳嶯
壿ǿ𣿡˵ֱ˽ڡ
󣬽ϡ
۾ˣǲǿ顣
ʹ΢΢̧ףǰ
Ҳһ񣬴С״ǿ࣬ʵĳɫǶĳȫͬϸ˵ǰʵý߽ƴӶɵġ
ڵأͷֱð亹Զԡ
֤ȷ䣬е𶼽һ˳е
֪ϡ
ֻûü˵ڣһƶԷʹ˹ȥ


168 ò
һƳּأ Ҵ
ʹԱһԣһѪҲ֮һӡ
˺Ȼ ˢˢ¹򣺡Ϣŭ
ˡͳټĵ Ŀζؿŵصķʹ ˴乬 ûй˵˭Ҳ̽ӡ
ױһһҽ˵òŮ ֱ˳ȥ
ս㣬ǹһأ˽㷲ҳ
ĿһƫɨͷǷ ڵ˻Ϊ֮ףƹȴ̵޷ιƣ ʷٺ꣬Сʹ롣
лϿˡķأ˸
̬ȻϿң ҲЩ·ӣ Ҫչ˷գĲܵĵطԺЭֵһЩ
һ㶣漴˵л
ษ״
÷ķˣ ôҲôˡʱ˿̣ ǣҵֻмҲ֪Ǿ仰ʲô˼Ȼ ﲢʺʻĵط
˵˾䡰ڼݰ밢Ͻϣһ﹬˽󣬺ƺƵ뿪˶˻
ۿѾ뿪˿оӹһƵģһûع
оգķʹҲܵ˳ͷ
ɢˣ¹Ů²źһ˺գβǨŭˣ
λϣϸϸŸղŵһУٺ굹Ҳûʲôֻû뵽λȻѾС˿Ƿʹ浹ù
ɲô»ոշʹ龰˸սϳҲǺݣū澱ΪʹٲǣҲῴڷξ¡û뵽Ͼ˾Ȼֱӽ乬Ҳã˵ĸ󻼽ˣ˳ŸŮһѵ֪޷ֵٵó裬ҲֻܼβˡֻǴ۴Щöռ˱ˡ
˵û֮Բ֣űԼҲȥΪľ÷ʹʧ衭һѾһ߶ʱĲ裬͸Ĳˮ΢΢ſɬ˼ѣ޴ֳȴϵĸ׵˼Щ϶ҵƺԽԽءһѾͷˣϵãƾĵλĺѱΪյвðգΪ˷գЩҲֵõġڶǱˣЩҲԵ˼Э󹬵Ҳ
µͷ˿ģūס
˵꣬ʶˮѰڷ˶ʱѱæ»һȲ衣
͸ŲˮĬĬƯűҶӵˮӳԼĵӰԼ
ȥЩ硰ࡢΪŮˣÿεԸ֮󣬱̲סĶ
һձѵĹѪͷʵҲԼˡϰƣϰϰڴġ
ĲˮȺ¶Բյıڴָ⣬ȴ޷ɢĵ׵⡣
£֪Ǳһκˡأ૵
±䲻ס˰ǿӦôΪ˷չӣĸвΪԼӴģôܽкأ
ı۾Լ̫ѨԸɡ
ԸǵһΣҲһΡ

ٰʱڻ˯š
ôˣ齱ߣָ˶Բ԰׵СĿⲻԷС-
ﻹƽ̹ѾһС
һԵŮҽʩ룬ʵ˼λ̥ȣūʩΪ̥Ҫʱĵ
ʱѣڵ֮ɫ
ԼһĹð̥ҩҪˣʱҩûˡ
Ǻźţ˺̫ҽл˵꣬ȥƫ
ƫţһȲʵո˵ġʱݡʲô˼
ϣλλһּΪ֢ڴ֮ǰƺõĳλҽҽΣѾʮ֮-šȻվʺãǿУĸɺܴĸ⣬ֹ
üôĲҩͲܸ𣿡
ҡҡͷ鲻ܲΪ֮ƣֻܿЩ²ķӣӡ
ϣԽԽԾɵʧϵʱ
΢ϵӦⲻ󡣡
֮ʱָΣ
֪ģҪġˣĶأ̾ϢһѾʵ飬Ϳξˡ
ĬƬ̣Ȼſڣûбİ취𣿡
ҽǳΪʱҲֻܾˣĸƽֻܻһĸӾʱиһǱСȫϵˡһᣬԽһ˵öԷȥϡ
ԭΪܲпʵӶȻŭȴԷЩ󣬾ƽƽΪʲôҲû  ֻ뱣أȻĻȴȫҵϡ
һãһ㶼ǾȫãҲи𲻹ʵҪĸӽԱģ󲻱СͷһؼοֻǸƽ
ɴ˿ɼ϶ȷ
Ҷ˶ȷԼû˵ҪôҲҲ޲ɣֻ豸һɡ
ھȥ׼ɡ
û뵽ô˾ȻҲֻհ졣ΪһҽߣôȻЩ˵ĳҲΪ˶е֮١

ҩܿá
ֽ̥ҩ˱˸˳ȥ
йˣԶߵ齱ߡ
ӡû°ɣʱѹֲԼĸ
ղȻڻ˯ʶеģŮҽ֮ĶԻҲ˸߰˰ˡ֮ǰΪ˷֮˲ģԼ˰ĺӣ֪û
ڣȻû¡𣬿ڴͷС׽ҩ˽Ҩһ׷ڴߴιҩ
һ£ͻȻڵлҪ㡣
ôˣ
ϴҲãҲò׾㣬⻳㡭㣬ǧҪҵ
һ㶣ϴΣʲô£
ϴ鷿ҺΪ˷նִ˵Ӥ£˵ĺӶ跨ȫôܶԼĺºءЩ⣬ѵôˣҲûѻ˵ȫϾð֪Լ˽»Ҫƽ粨
֪Ӥ£֮ԹȻע⡣
ҳɢʱ̸ġ
Ҳûٸףֻ˵˾䡰ЩԽûˡ
㻹û˵ûأźۼز⡣
ŶǼ°㲻ҶˣЦЦҵʱҲвԵĵط͵ƽ˰ɡ
һиССҪһҪӦҡԼĶӣﾡۣӳͲҪĸˣԼι
ûΪԷӦϽ͵һĸͲˣһֱĸϣҵĺܹĸ״󡭡ģһϸĵģһаǰæһչ˺úӣ
ЩС£㿴Űͺá
û뵽ԷôˬʹӦˣʱȻⳡ֣֮ʵʹˣ
뵽ǸŮˣûкɫѽǼ乬鷳ˡ
ʲôֱӽ乬ǲ죬ɷʹǷڵãô᲻ᡭ
ȡѵңϵʹ飬Ҳ
Ҿһл³򣬷ʹۿҡСˡ˭᲻⹬˿Ҳ˳ۣͼ跮ʹֶ֮Ҳɵ磬Լ޷ֻУƽ̨ǱߵļһֱҲɣĿǰάȣΨһֻܹаˡ
һţ뵣ġҪ壬ϿȰҩ˰ɡ˵ţӵݵߡ
΢Цŵͷɵſ졭


169 Ļ
ɬҩζǣ һ٣ɫҩ֭ʲôҩ
᣺̥ҩôˣ̫˺ȲҪ ۽
Լӱ֡
ԥһ£ ǽ˹ȥ
ӹ ҩƬ̣ ͻȻ飬ҩ֭ʱһ ŪԧϷˮı档
һƬƬԼʺ˫ӯˮʹ಻ѵؿǰֿˣǸԼͬˣΪʲôΪʲôҪӣ
Сܻƽ̨ѵζڳˣ һű֪ʲôҩ
жթ֮ڶ࣬Ϊ˶衢λҫ޺õĲûУ ôҲû뵽ȻҪɱǵĺӡ
ŵ˼Ϊ𼤶˵⺢ţԽԽ ϵ ʱҲ쳣ʱΣգҲδرס
ֻԼ֪ѹ˼껪һֱã ܻǶôĲף һ̥Ժ󡭡ԺҲкˡ
Դ˿ǻ ʹѣȻͼȰ˵ûµģֻҪ㡭ֻҪúõģҲںûкӡ
ĻиǱǡ㵱ȻںΪкܶຢӣûУΪһ˽Ϊߣ㾹ǵ´˶֣û뵽Ȼ˽
ʵǲҪӣǿ͵ĹѪĭã֮ףԼ᲻ӵĳ١
Ȼ֪ӻΣԥһһĵҲܳ¡ԭΪԷܹȻ뵽ڰԼ㲻
˽ָԼƵĿдһ˿ˣ˽Ϊ㵲˽޷˽ֻǰΪ̣
ǶСԶ޷Ĵ̣ʱ𣬼絶ʣҳϣҶԲס㡭Ǻңºӱ㴦á¹ع⣬ұһã
ɫԽѿֵȻһǧһַӣҲֹֻҸұ֤û⺢ӣҾֻӵһ߱ʬ壬;ֺܶˡ
ױ仰˵ˣȻԼôĸ˵õʲôرԷķ·ûһ㣺ã㣡Ժٲʣ˵գת
˿еƬ䣬˿ŷԼĺָƬˣѪڰɫϣɺ졣
Ŵ齣ŹӰڼߣͳġ˵ૣڲ֮ǰ㻹᲻ԼİΣִͬŹ£Ϊ˶Ю
ǵĺӣ˵ǡˡ޷뷨ڵֻ뾡һпܱסԼеС
һǣֻż˶ԷδЦݣˡ
ĸײϲӵġΪĸǲϲԼأ
ԭۺʱεأԼǱǸ
ջߣȴͻȻۻأԼںĹӰģüۣЦ⡣
ʲôоԾ޴ƬȴΪʱһŽǵڵϵƬ߿
롭û⺢ӣ᲻Ҹһ㣿˵ţ΢΢ߴӰѹ˹һĿעŴ򾪻Ŷ˶ڸ·ӵ
ҪҪֵƾšţȴš
ֱĶδġ£־ԸӣֻǱܵͼ˫ֻסԼĸȻԽǻűԽǷң׾ٱ㱻Է׽ס
ŹҪżľУһѲ±м˺ؿڶ̻¶΢ĿС
ݷݶϣݶƬѱҿһСƬ΢΢ʣĺâڻ谵һǡ
ĶһͬҲĴ㡣
㣬ݣһ˽˶Է
أĶȻֹֻ˼۽ǵỨ
һε·ϣ̵һ㱼ƿʱԼ֮ʱС˶Ҳֹ
ǣ˽뷨һɢ
վ᲻᲻Ȼˣ᲻һᡣ
ؿڵļﲻͣذԼո̫쵰ȻȻˣŮ˶ǣֺα˷ʱ䣡
˵꣬װһ˵ӣ㬵ƿţ˳ȥ
ӭһ۳ӣһϽһ
·ûһ㣬ֱ˹ţϽ뿪˰
Ų޵ȴ˫ؿڴϣӶһߣͷңΪԾǶԷ½һ飬Ǳ˺Ƶġ
ˣû°ɣæǰַּҲˣôѪˣūȥҽة
أҲҪÿɴһ¾ˡն۾ָЩɣȴɵ䣬˳ȥü·ɡ
ܿ콫ȡһˮȻʼＧ˿ڣ֮ǰ෬˶á˺Щֵ
˼ȴѲڴ˼䡣
ݶϵİ֪ʱѲӰϦ;ȵرһƬƬϣżУ÷·ʲôҲ

ֻһ˽һƬ֪֣ɨ֦Ҷϯ𣬸߸ƮڰУֱ޴촷ۡ
췢һʹĸߺȣķ
ţֽг棬ر֮ǰ쿪һѷ죬ǰľʯ˲ը
νطйšںţʹʯͿһ̣Բһڵľ㵹һƬ
δʹԼܣһȴ޷֮ˣŶԷһ塢ԨԼΪ˰ס
ΪԼųΪǣᱻƺͱˡ֪ȼƻһ̴Զ߸߷ɣվûֻηƽ̨ǿ½ƾԼһ֮޷֮⣬޷ȫ
統ƴһٻһͬʬ⡭
йһΪƽ
̧ͷһɫѾˡ
ȻʶԼȻ뿪ʱʱͬգǰݸڣԳˡ
οҪʱ򡭡
뵽⣬ʩչṦȥ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


170 ȫȫ
嵭࣬ С𰾵ģÿһ׶˻У ӼˬĿθСˣ ǿžʳָ󶯡
˲㣬 һһιԡ
С 黹ƽ㽫ͷõĻ˵˳ˣ ū䲻֪֮便ôˣū澿ó϶ǼΪĵġ
ңȷʵȫȫ⡣ǡվ˻ȥܸܲ߶ԷΪס ɱǵĺӰɡ
ū޶ۣЩ绨ѩ¡˼鰮 е֮ū澶֪һЩУѲ⣬ֻˡ䣬ô緮ʹѱԴԴţ ΪԼǣ ҪΪеĹӿǰɡ˿֪ҹںδ뼧ദˣֱԲԼĿ
Թ壬ܿ˶Ա˴ȸģ ֺο㻥ĥأ
һ٣ ҡҡͷ
ȥ乬ãھʵ߶Է ͬҲϣԷܹʵ
ס˳Ĭ
Ѿôԭˣʹ˳ͻؽ乬һ죬ʱͻȻȥԾġ
ȥɡ̾ϢһˣʵڲΪЩͽˡ
Է¶⣬ҲֻõΪֹǰɵ˿˲ŵؽߡ
˯ͻȻôʱ޵ڳ֮һˡƿһ򿪴㷢һվǰ
¹ⶨһǷڣ
ô㣿
ںһҹ´磬ƺżֲ֪Ӻ˵ӣ˵㻳Сĺӡϲˡ
Ƭ̣ſڵǾʶͲعĨˡҶ˽⣬ҹǰִӦòֹΪ˵֮ϲİɣ
ȻԷֱ˵ҲͿżɽˣʱ͵͵ȥ乬һΣľҲ˽ˡȷʵСòԣţҪ㣬Ҳ֪㸹áСùȻЩ˲һĿԱ֤
һӾ˶Է⣺ΪģϣҷŹԲԣӦ֪乬ǰҲǺ֪Ϣ
ЩҶףϾСˡǰС˵˵飬СҲýȥСó֮һǸڱԸˣȻ¹Լã˵ͷòȻԶԼлɣҲֻӡ
Ҫʧˣʧ裬ڰǰҲ˵ʲôˡ
ôˣһԷĻشٲȻԤϡ
δͣȥ乬ϣͿԱųˡʱˣֵҹĹ˾ҪϿ߰ɡ
䲻׼ĸк壬벻ͨΪطԼõȥ乬ջѡ˼ĻֻԼжϣżΪˣŶԷʹԸæҲϲʧĽԼ
οԷȷʵ˵öԣ˷ĴӷǶģԽԽ׳ӡ
ߺ󣬼û˯⣬ȥͥԺƬ̣ʱҲûðǸš
ϾǴӻƽ̨ģҹһֱܷڲδƣȴᳵ·ƿţȻ˸Ƿһ׼ȷعڼϣߵǰһʡ
ȻǰһĻȴЩг϶ŸӰ
ƵĳȭǰĺӰȻԷ죬ʯ󲿱סͬʱ׵һ飬ǱѨ
ꡭĪţ¡Ǿ˿
Ѹٽ⿪ѨһƬڰдϢ
ʲô
ȴֻ˽һ״û뵽ˡʮ֮ڣֻܷ֡һӣȴ˿ûи֪µĴڡ
УϢңѲƽյɣᱻֻ˵һ룬̫ݣҲʵ˵ڣοҲˡ
벻-֮٣ĺӣҲʳӣΪҪô۾ðֽ߬ȭ
΢ͷӦĴ̫ׯΤûжһ㸸׵Σ෴ֻǰԼӣ̫ΪңֻҲĺԣŻϡǸӸϱȳҪܶࡣ
ǡô죿־޲ΪͿѣܲζ
㶼ˣ
Ҳֹһһ챻Ͼ·ұ̹һС޼ңһŭ֮ɱҡĲôˣгһյ֪࣬˺ӵķʽҡÿÿ˼󣬼㱯ƺԼҧôãȴȻһ˿ϣ
ĩˣֻҡͷЦˣһһɡ
ܣڴ˵ΣյľءԷһĨЦʹ˾˫ۣס͵̸ʹ̡
ǵģ֮ˡȻĴδ˿ʹ·ʲôΪӵĶʧȥԼŬȴʼס
㲻˵ЩҲûʲô塣⻰ȫڰοҲһĻ
ҩȻǾݵģɼʹûҩԼϺҲǳ¡οȼƻǰͺӶúûţľǸʼϲġ
ƽ̨ǧ㣬Ҳû㵽ʲʺ
źһ˾ʱ˺ܶ࣬ԼһûͦȥҲ֪ʵ飬ԼܹӡʱգҲʧΪһ¡
ֻǲ֪ԼȥˣֻζԴǵĺӡ
Ļʱؽ˼أ˼̫࣬޾֮·ܻзӵġ£°˹Ϣ
˵ͷܵԼľѹƣû˵뾣ԣ۾ƾԼſ
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


171 
ɴ϶´䣬 СĿռڣȶһɹͬůһԾĻע뼧ȫ ֫ٺ ۵ﴦ ԭɬ֮漴˲١
Žȫһ飬 ˫ʱо֮ǰľ뵡һɨգ 泩ӯٿǰȴ־£ϢҲԶȡ
˹Ϣ̫ķǱҪ ԺǾɡҵҶ޲ߣ ĪҪװ˷Լľˡ
䣬̿ڣ˵ﻰֻҪЩٶҲֵõġѾˣ أ иˡ
˵һ䣬⣬ͬһֻɵһݶ
ҹʱ֣гְѲߵ ʱûʲôơ
׼ڸһ֦Ҷïܵ Ȼ˯һ
ղ˹ȷʵ٣ ҲҪúϢ
Ŵһøߴʣ밢ԶʲôҲõ
ҪṦȴ洫ŲͷһԭԸߺŶСԼ
ϽϢͬʱڰ
ƽȫزȻոΪ̫Ϣȵѱᱻַ١
Ըôȥ乬ʲôǵطһ굽ͷҲûȥһ˱߱ʵ
ȥĶǾ͵ȥĶšϽҹ乬Ǿ͵ǰѽˡ乬̨ɲֹ岽Ҫǵ糯мԴԵԸǰ棬̲ػ˾䡣
˲һǰʱͻȻžһԸͣ½Ų
ԵҲ죬ɵĴոʲô
ԸͷԹɨһ̶ۣջߣԼֻèԽԵҲͰˣͷҰèˣǳײʥݿǺá
ͷǣʾһȥ졣
ԶݼԸȥķ΢΢üͷ

乬һ䳱ʪȱ˯ǵЩ
컹δ΢ʪ
ʹһԣСƵϣ˯㣬һ-ɿϣһֻۻס
ԼҲЩˣԾ߿£СԴԷȵϲ˲䡣
ʶòʹĸ첲ԼŵһߣȻ󽫱ƿһǡ
ԸѾ̴Ⱥ򣬴ʱ𴲣ź
ָָ˯еķʹʾǶС㡣
ԸͷҲ֮Ķŵøᡣ
ݲϴ꣬ɹ˷Żϳһű㿴ԼרõĽͣ乬Χǽ⡣
֪ʹϴΰţ
׼ϲԸͻȻķסŲһ٣ʱȴԸ˵νһ빬ƺο乬ūŻΪʹһȥⱲӶأ
ôú⣿Ըֱϥ񣬵ԷԵİݷҲ㡣ϾԸ־黬͸ȫ벻ٻôɾ͸еġ
ԸһԵͷѲ⡣ϹΪӣӵľٶūܹġ
⼸ı²ĹԽԽտ
Ըūţм鲻м˻ãҪʱáڡ֮Ȼģ֮δؿɿأδ׿ء
۱º͹ūһȲϷξΨһҲֻΪϾľ뵽ڣԸߴ˿̲֪ôҲǰᵽˣ
⣬Ȼѹξȥ乬
Ŷµ棿һ䣬üһ
Ը߼˵ūξҡڵؽ乬֮ҲǿģϾʹ乬Ȼļ١ټ˶£ξҸ嵨ǳΪЧķϣϾĪҪˡ
Ը˲óĦ˼˵Ҳ൱мɡȥ乬ǲ٣ȥģδκˡ
ȻԸߺĲǷôȥģǶԷ֪ʷ
Σ͵͵ȥ乬ʵڻʵĻϣͼӵףټʵһ˵飬ȻĲ
ķӦĿӦǴﵽˡ
ʱѳ乬ƫƧСǰǶӾסᡣ
ŶסΧĲľԽһ˴ƽûôע⣬·Ǳһ¡
Ը߱ΪԼмǸ㲻ԷڳʹҲ𼸾䣬ȴû뵽ԷһתֳĹȥˣ֮ȴֲֻᡣ
ԸߵĻͷһ룬Σתһ룬ϲŭɫƢʱѡ⣬ķŭˡ
ѵȤڶŰɡԸϵĵ˵ţвɵðЦȴ֪ӥĿע
á


172 ƽ
Ҵţ ̨ϳ
æһ죬౨ʱѹʱ
Ͻҹȥῴ𣿡һСಽظʵ
Ȼʱ˵˵ģ Ϸԡ
С̵ͷ ָ̧Ĺϴ
û뵽 ڲϵͻȻڣôߵ·
СæϵĻ ߹еĴȷʵһ··ã ҹ·Զй
С·ɡʱҲˣһЩҪöӵ̫á
仰ӣ̸Ͻǰùǵתͬʱﲻ̾˼ű ոհѷʹ乬Ͼȥ˳ˣ ˳乬عͷһⰡ
Ϊⷮʹһ裬󸣲ǳҹӦޣ תͷ˵ҪȥǶ
Ը˵öԡϵ˼£ ȥҲ벻ס
СһûһţȻ˵˾䡰ͣͣ½Ųȵط½
˴ ϲ˾̸Ͻѣ ͬʱôû
¡ڲֵ̧ ȥѰ¹ŮйлҪ
Сγѣԭߵ˰ſڣ
˵ղִƫƧľСͼ˳Կλ
ǣҲûȥ
ܿ˸񣺡֪ϼ٣ˡ
ˣһȴʮָˡȻչں˵ģ
ȻĻһˮֻ·Ӽݡ
ϣһգЦݵϣȴ̲ʵʳΣ˯Σ
ȥʧƽһһش𣺡ԾʳѣձԼһ׷ź˵岻ʣЪˡ
˭֪˵꣬㡰ᡪһ´ӽվߵǰ岻Ϊβҽة˲ǰΪ𣿡
ͷúܵͣȴúܣ˵иӦ̫ҽճڶ࣬鷳ˡ
ƣһ˦ɫѿβҽةְڣô˵鷳ⷸͿЩū澵ѵҲŷͿ
ū֪ū澸ʵʵȴۣ˵ԼϸٰҲֵˡ
ԺĶֱȥұɣŹڵϵİ̾ϢԼҲûҪѵһˣӻöԷȥ
лʱ̧ǰ̲ʱߴţ죬Ӹõȼˡ

ʵһ㶼˽ʱһѾɵĻڻΧǽԼһȦʡ
ɵ𾢣ʾ⹬ǲҪԼ򻺲ߵԷ
ع۲һȻδʲôãȤ㿪ڵЩģʲô
׼ü޼֦ҶȻ˵һתæ˸
ǲǵȹ˵ȵüˣûŸЩӻʱ䣿޵ţһɶΪԼ裬һ˾䡣
⻰˵ģЦ˲ˮҲ˸ɵĻ檼Ȼ̷ϣΪξͲ̷ԼİĻأ
ѹͬЩݲᲢۣ㵨ѽһ£ûôˮʱѿڸ˼ľջ裬ǰջǵĸоһɨա
̧üڵƽһ˿ģϴη檣
յԱһ飬һ۱׵ľջģˮʵķϣͲˡ㹬æģæҵġ
ӵͷ¼æ߻Щ鼮бϿ顣
˹æģȴƽ͡
һ鶪һߣôôѿǽݵľǽҩģҲס
ӡ͡һЦ檹Ĳ鵱Ȼǳƽ￴ģϰĶڸȪˣûС
żĴȤҲԺǵñЩϲ鼮
áӸӦʣʲôǲ֪ƽʲô顣
ŶԷһ̵ֽģЩЦã˶뷽跨Ͷã޲ñɹ˶Ļ׳档㵹ãԹ˶Ǹ䲻ȵӡ
ר־廨ͷҲ̧һ£϶Գ檲Ҳô˵󲻾Ļϲϲ檣ҲδϣֻΪָԭһ£˺֮⣬κιϸ𡣡
˵ͷ˵ʵŲ뷨Լǵļ帻ٻΪã˵˶ǻãƽסֻټĺ֮УҲ˵ʵ
ƫƫϾԸ檵Ĵʵϸո˵ƽסȴΪδؽˡ
Ŷüɵôսԣ˵
߲ͣתۼһӲӵվԾȻϵΪڰĵöԣͺܲƽУ񶼲ҹȥ乬һ﹬ϸ˵˾ٲǹ𣿡
۾ġɴڶ£ͷ廨˵˻˱ѩƽ⡣˿ʮ֮һ
Ϲˡ˻ǽĴС㡢Ͻңױʫ顢ѧ峵檲һŮҽȵù˼أڶ˻Ϊβʥ⣬Ϊл룬ԸʵˡӼֻ֪˺˵İķУ˿ֻʵ֪޲ԣ޲
ٳδһԣ޻˵ˣǶӼղŵĻ⣺ϻûش檣ΪζԵ˲ƽء
޿κεһЦǵȷЩŤо仰˵òԣΨģǽס
⻰൱ΪȻԭڱҪһǡЩˣƽվľ̷㣬һϷ
һûûεĿԣǲҲݡ
ݣݾǣ˵ǰͷŮһҲ޿ɺǣϷݵ̫ӿɾ𡭡̸䣬ӵĴѾ깤ݸϾãΣ
Ůչ鴫Ů죬ԳƵڶ˸ҳƵһˡֻ΢һۣ㱻ǻֵĻĿ⣬ŲϷ·ŵŵĻ㡣
ãǱЩЪϢɡ˵һ䣬齡
ǡӳһĨЦ⣬ͷ


173 
ʲôʱˣʱ޵ŵƣ һƿţֻ֪ʱ´ڵ£ ƺ߷첹
˯ţ ѧ߻ Լʵڱֱţ ڰҲֻŪôĲ񡣡̾һΡ
սһƣ һ°ɫĲ˿˸ġƵ棬ɫ͸΢΢ĺڣէ֮еˣŴϸһǳѧߵֱʡ
˴ʲôǲ˺һ Ҳ²ǾǸɶ
һƼ˵߷ϼڸʽͼ巨鼮㿴 ⷽҶҺˡо˺ܾԲҪ죬ͼͲģȴӡǲ̫ˣ ϰһҪ˵滰 ĪҪң
û±һ鿴棬ʱ򻹰Լһ˹ڷ˭ýȥһֱöԷڰæʲôȴôҲû뵽ѧ壬 һ
뵽⣬ ӦԭΪһƷū澻ΪԼΪδС·ء
Ļ ˮ¶һ˿ǸΣ鲻Խظһƽ̹С＼վտ幤ȱȽǣĿǰջ˰ɡˮƽø˵㣬Ϊӷ¡
Թ˾ϵĶ֣ЦŽӹ˼ţӦǴδ߻ɡ
ʵʵͷϣ˵壬֮ǰߡ첹·û
ѹ֣⼸Ǹһ￴ģʺϸŵˡδӴŮģһʼʱҪְֵؽ̡
̧̫ˣˮƽŵı߶ûأʵ֤ŵѧʣҷǳ֪֮زܲܽ̽ң
Ц̣˵Цˣūѧ壬ѧʱ䲢ֻһЩ򵥵Ļ˵д弼ߵģǻҪأ
ܹǴ´ġôˣ񣬼һ
˵ӣü΢鲻Խ֮ǰڰ龰漴ʶûüѴ¸߼
˸ղ
һ£Ȼګګʲôʱ£
ѵԼ˯ô𣬾ȻԴһ֪
Լһյ֮ǰ
һ˵꣬Цҡҡͷʱˡ
ڹŴδֻū澳ȥʻ΢΢˶٣ǿؼ˾䣬֮޲ǹغ˵塣
е߲СĻָ⣬ʹһ˫վǵʹûнţ㲻
ʼǹŹģѵҲΪǣϲ𣿣ū澲ףȻжװű˴ˣʲô̯˵أ˿֪ҲδصֵùʱĥοдӲȱ»ɰϷ롭Ͻҹȥ˶ٳȥһлˣ
δôԼ˵ͬһ֡ûûСݸȣԳƵһλϸŮϸĶңʵľ룬̫֮УҲ˸е̫Զʵʱʵ£Ӳ࣬Ȼʲô˵ʲô˵Լʲô˵ʲôĻʱȼҪһƽС˵ིһֵˣȴڴ˿̸ԸðԽķգֻΪѼϧȡǰˡ
ȻڶӴʱֵָڲֱ߬ĴԵʹ˼ǿתᣬȥﲻǺôοȥλסޣһô

ʹ乬ųˣȻҹ֮ûҹ
ͬһҹʹͲ˵ձ˵λ֣һӳ˹ֿȵ
ʵϣûжٹۺʼһƽ̸ֹкƣΪ˿Եѣ֮󣬴˺ÿȥޣ빬δг衢ûĺմ˹⡣
󹬾һˣ˱ʸ֮ģ¶մһƬͰ̩
ȻһƬ֮У˻Ǹ
˰³裬ұĺȴǶ˿ġ
¿ȥˣ̲סԼƽԭΪʹԷγвû뵽ǸӵǸɫλ֡Ҳ֪Ů˸ϴʲô߷磬Ūôʱ䶼ûڷڳһµӣתװģǰСˣ
źһֱŪϺӣüĿȻµıԹƺδӰ쵽һһӣ˼Ƕˡ
ѵĴ֮֮𣿡
ΣΣƽƽֻҪλãĶӾͲǷյвױͲһ֧ﴩҩĲҡⲽҡǵ̫̫ΪĴ㣬һ
Ϊ˸һӡһ֧ɫѷӣ֧ĲҡС
ʱ꣬δгһܹͷҡⲽҡҪϷۣϷڣ󹩷ޡ
ֻֻԼΪ󣬷ղȵ̫֮λ
ԼʹڵֻҪıԽܡ
Ҳĵߡ
ô˵ǿ˿һŮҽڷ⹬վȽŸĶӻ̫֮λأ
వЦǰ䣬λ͸ˡ
лҪ˵
СְˣʧˣˣħˣĪˣҪˡлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


174 ԭα¶
ʱſͨ ˵ϼ٣ȥһȹӭʥݡ
δ ͽģ ֻӡ
 Ѱһĵѯճʳӡ
ڴˣ θڱʱ˲٣룬 ڻЩء
÷ǽƢʳҪһ룿
ţǱȥ׼ɣͷÿźī
Ͻ²ȡ˲õúΪԷ̿һŲ
鶼æˣ Ȼ泩űʻӺƬ̱дһ롣
Ĵǰһ ɵѿڶⲻϷʹõĳ׭𣿳檻ǵһοóдǡ
ĻǸ赺ϡִëʣָ
˼һת ֪ʱԼǣ ΪӦһ䡪˿ɺޡ
ЦЦָǲƽɡ
˵ϣҲûҪûйĨˣǿĹڳʮַŭĿǣҴйء󹬲ɸɳ಻湬ǡ˵۱ϵĹø Ҳδ̫ˣν֮񲻿ɷϣ һ鳼ӣʲôʸļ£ ںöָֻţ
ЦЦǵù˸ոʱڹǰɿȲֶŮ˺ΪصĽɽ𢿼ǣδӦʣǻġ
˽ЩԽ񣬳ΪѲһˡڳʱЩһ뿪ŷҳ檵ĲǣеĽҲʤ䷳ֻǳ檵չû취ĺòҵᵹˮһε
ƽæڴˣҪӦСˣʵסģǶǹ˵Ůˣ˶ȻǰװЩί
һڣı֮ϵ˼ǡ
㸸ףƽʹǹҲҪ⡣֪ĸƽǾʶˣǼҲŸҪӡϽŹ֮һ۵С˶Ӱ쵽ǰ;
Ȼ⻰֮Щôζ˵ָ˼һ͢СҪ㱨˵ĹҲҪȻڰʾһҪȨȻڴΪڶǿ׵ǰ;˼ɻãǰƽ
Ĵ˿ĻϲϹǹԼġֻ˸λ֣Լĸȴܸһл˭ԣ
һ̣ĵļ·𿴵ԼΪ󣬷ձΪ̫ӵδϲʤ˸ߵݴ񣺡л࣡檶븸ЭΪϷǣ
ڻīֶȻһͣɫһ˲ð漴ָֻԭ
ëʣʾƽòд׭ֶˣһ䲻⡣֪㰮ǣ͸ɡ
ϵīĸ˻ĵؽӹδ⵽е⡣
ʱǡ÷Ҳˣһ룬̾ζڡ
˽̸һ֣ŵ˾޵ʱı˼ֻȻ¡
òޣЩСţ·ֻص˵һ̷һҹʱԼͷ̧ء
ۺ½ѳ£Щߵױ̨ǰһժԼͷϵķΣ׼¾ޡ
ϣбױ̨ϰڷŵ䣺Щηζ¾ˣôЩʱµģ
ľһ߽˿˳һ΢ЦǸɵˡ
ɺðҲɡţ˻䣬Щÿÿ˯ȥܻμһЩ˾£˿̿ǰΣ㲻Ծһм龰
ȥˣȴȻǵúʱĸ͸ӣһϮǳɫȹؾֶׯˣòˣڰɣ
ͷһľЩûȡ
ǿж˶Ǹεؿž齣Լһһó檲СĸŪˣˡ
֪һҲҲ֮٣ܲöԷ֪Щص˻ǮԴΪ׺ֳķչϵɡ
˫ᰴסӳЦ̣һ֧ӣ֮У˵ʱϢɨ
˫΢ϣ˿ȴ϶Էֽ̧ʲôɵز޷䡣
۵һɲǣĺͫȻһһɳǵ׾β׵ֱֱ顪Ϊϵģ֧νʧ
ʹƽëëŹˣŪû뵽ôϸĵҲŪñ˼ˡ΢ЩӷϾžŮһ˫Բ¶Ȼ̿־µĩˣڶԷϸ૵ӵģÿˣǵҪŸ˿
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


175 ǰ
һҹ ԸԳ˶˻ԼͬߡȻֻǵ˯ѡ
˯ŵ Լȴһҹߣ ɪɪ۾ȴ
ٲ⣬ ֻΪһ̣ ɴʱ˿̵δ˿κҹȥ˿Щȥ
˺糣 ÿҹȻ״򲻶ҹÿҲȻҸ·ǰҲȥֻվͷһ
˾ãһǺ£ һĵزδ˵ע⣬ΪƹĿͻȻˡ
һ пν˵硣ֻⳡζҲƲᡣ
˴ǶӲλ֣˻˸ˣΪǽϽ⵽Լûզģ ѺŮò跹˼ һӲˣ˾ûôӣ޷òö˻ޣСʤ»飬ƫƫһûûصģ һҹ۲ˡֵ˵˻ͦ࣬ Ȼô޵ڶһأ
ȻҲֻ˽ļ䣬 ϸӵūԾɸ˾ְһճȻؽš
һĻĪڶˣЭ֮еȴ֮Ȩ
˼Ķڰ⹬иòҪ˰ɣжѸж
빬ĵͽ׹ƵƵᣬΪ޷Ǿͽλ½Ķˡ
۹˶꣬ٲԴסĶǵϷ롣
ȻƫһĹµ⣬Щš
ʱֻרעһ¡ú̥ҲԼ¡
ʱµĶӣܴϿɵۿŲԣ·һۿС-Ȼ¡
ı仯ľҲǰԵ֢״ƣ˯üùţԺɹ̫ûһͿڶԷͷ
Ҿ䲻ãʳǱͷ¸˲١
񼧵һͶҲʳȻⲻ˵ġ
˵ܳ˯ٻ᳤⣬ɹ˲֪ΪȻôݣЩö֪Ķȥˡ
ȻǸСˡԼĸ۾ʢ˼Ϊĸϲãӷ·Ӧ飬ᶯ˶ӡ
ѽӶˣ̥ļٲȻһ¡
СڶأһЦ
Ŀøͬպů
ĺѾᶯˣٹ£⺢ӱǰӴˣֶһѪˣҪ֮ˣ
Ҷ˵иƽҪ߶ʱŲ̥λѲõʱ򣬰ڷżǰͥԺɢɢ
һգŴԶԶںͷüʹԼ
üʶصǰȴҡҡͷֹء
֮˵ūʲôȥʹƳǰһ䱸İػ˻֡
ڲԶһ£õġ
Ȼô˵ˣٲҲֻ¡
֪ʹǰкιɣԴع󹬣ҲаʱˣȻĽʽֹ̬ƫӣʹƽоֹô졣
һ֦Ҷ緮ʹ֮ǲģֻǵú˵ĪϰߣԷĪ͸мԼֳ֮ǰǸѵĿǣȫǳѵļơܺܲˬαϾǹŵǸģǲ¡
뵽⣬ʹһµĺչϴǼҲԡţģ͵ˡ
ҵģһ㶡
˵ȷʵǶԷȣվܵ˳ͷ÷ʹԲϾڵĻֵŵģҲδ·ϡ
û뵽ǣʹȻ¼ӣǸ
ʹΪн٣ԸԼǸ⣬ЩżιҿʵⲻǵͿˣҲ֪УһֱܹⲻȥҸ綼Ѿˣ㻹ô
ԷίͰ͵СȻڵȷ˵ҪõŵǸ֮Ļüݸյ²һᣬ˵˾ûˣ˼Ʒѣ
ӹչʱע⵽ӵ׭̵ñʶʵȻС
Ҫ֪øʢҩ̡Ѱҩ̲ͬǣר̲Ʒϳˡ۸񲻷ơ
ʹظȻٺһЦ¶һݣҲûôƷѣҸ͸ҵġõİȫ¿ƤģõģƵİڻУٺʲˣ
ôõĶңԼû𣿡
аҸǮһ־ޣԼһޡʹЦô֣ûûΡ
лл仰Եġ
ϲǰһޣʵָ˵õĶ˷ˡ
ڼʹԴ桢ûһ۶ģȴҲǼ١Ҳǿһ㣬빬̷İɡ
˼㲻ǰ˵һŭ֮³֣˷ʹһƣҪҪʶԷ˵Σֹ˼Լ˾̫óȻ˶Էˣٰ֮Ҳ֪οڡ
ʹȻ֪ЩʲôǸĻ˵ˣҲͳˣԼȹˡ
ת˼ͻȻۻǲ˼ҪƵģˣȺӳǵҪұ
Ǻ㽱飬ͷһȣ¶ֶݣһ
ǹƷ˹ȻһһϼѵĲƷʹĿǰλĶ˻ҲδܳԵϡ
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˵˵ţ¼ģ˼̫࣬ת˻棺ˣūΪʵ޹ؽҪȻ󣬵ݳϡ֮οӣӦಹҲ˵ġ
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ԼҲһλĸףỳ̥ʮµࡣ
ŮҽĻ ȼҪŲ˵˺ϲʱѹʳҲָ糣ˣȴδƽиһĹ˵ еĺΪֹԼη ָʹҽڰ̥ҩʳͿĵҩ˵Ȼôûп֮ҩﶯֽأ
ճʳɰСӲ֮֡ڰʳûг ôܵҩϳ˲ӡ
һùôɷġϷԸ ҩū澺ū澵ķְƣҩҲūһͣ ⡣ڹù˵Ҳȷʵڣ֪ϲˣЩΪ裬ȷֶϧðաùᵽҩʵΪֹڼĸʳ̥󣬴ӶѲرģһ϶ϲãõıҪҲǰ֪ϡ
˵꣬Ծд£ѵӵĽϵĶҪ
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ˣһĺЩʱ֮֮Աǣ˾䣺޲ɼ
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ΪšȲһ£û뵽һ򿪹ӣ֮ǻζʱü
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ū澼ʶǳԴƬ̣ū澼ȥҷǰȷϡ˵ҴҸˡ
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177 
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ڿĹǶסڰŮҲֻǶţ Գ˶뷮ʹ֮⣬ ˵Ȳδ
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֮У Ψڿһɲ죬ܾô죬һʱ벻
صŵ̽һϻ̳Ͽֵءͨ򵹣ūʧְ ûסλλʵڲ֪γƺ ˾䡰ȥ⣬ϽԹԵع˳
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գ Ƕȥ Сѵϣվ˵ɡ
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ܲô࣬Ŀɨ۵ķʹвԼû㼰ʱŮ˴óȻǰֻ򶾽һ¹Ůм乫ɲ˵ʹԩģ顣
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178 ޾ɺ
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ҩһڣ ҩ֭еĿɬһȦȦӿֱţü
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˿̼ȴСҩζѣ Ҳ塣
һóȻʵ֮٣ȻջûȫϴѷʹɣÿʶԼݡ
Ӱ쵽˸еĺӣظо̥ Լؿڣ ü΢ǿѹͷĻңµİ̥ҩһ
룬 ȥ
ͨˣū澾˵ ϲϣʵһֱװŹ˵ģЦŵͷ ǰϲϲسˡ
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ӹȥƬָ̣һһţԴֲѽŮȻʺ㡭
գգ۾ķӦôвһ
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Ҳ֪ǲڸдŴŴ˵ԲС¹ˮίͰ͵̧
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簡һ˯šŪӷ鶯ͣƫƫԼϵĻһﻹż˵Ҫæд
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˯ٲ˯Ҵû˯ˡϣֽӶǺá
Ժգգۣ漴Է˵ġû˯ָʲô
Ȼʱû˼ϻԸǿлõĻ渡Ժ
Ϊеĺӣɫ˲ɷףϽñԼһƴһ˫ֽŵػסӣС
סˣû뵽Լֻôһ˵˾岻һٴеӡ
᲻ŵ̾ϢһȻʼƵܣűӶܸܵС˶΢΢
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̧һСŽɵؿǾͲˡ
Уˮܾȴɾ䡣
죬͸С·ڿߡɣ֪˵ú
Ϊ֤Լвһ֮ͽбҪһ˵ֻҪĸ£̥ȹˣʱͬҲ޲ɡ£϶û⣬ҶЩǡģ˵ӵġ㲻ңѵҵĻ㻹ţ
ҡףԼûԹɶأôίˣ
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ٺ֮󣬹ȥˡ
΢ƫͷ·ִʵıӰƬ̣Ժ۾
㱼䣬ڶ𣬼Ӱΰ͵ֳֻۣվббҪ㵹ۣüͷšһżʹ࡭


179 Ԥ
ƿӣ Ь˴
ôﲻ㷲ؽҡҡ齱£תаȥҽة
Ŷ˰֣ȥ ֻͷͷ۵
ɫԽԽ 亹ֱð Ĳѣ۳ˣ ҽةôС
ҹҵֵ
ʮֲ⣺ֵҲư
ҡҡͷ򲻿ɡˡ֪ҵĲ顭
ֹ ȻԷ۵òΡΡָָԼ·ϡҩ
ϷңһһСƿ𣿡
ص˵ͷʹɫ԰ֽϴ졣
ȥ׼һˮȻ󵹳ҩ裬 £ȴŵҩɢζ֡
ʲôҩʣ Ͼ¹壬ΪҩȷʵŹŹ֣ƽҩ趼ɫɫȴǺɫġ
ʲôҩ ұǡҵͷʹܲͷ
Խô˵ ԽʵѾԼµˣ⵽ʲôΪŵ˵ɰζ
ȥֻ˵ʵûǵɰ
ɰôܳԣ󾪣 ͬʱ벻׵ǰ֪ʲô ΪλҪЯڷá
δκνֻ֣ͣˣ 
ＫΪܳԡȻöԷʹ飬ҲЭ
ʹ̣ıĥҲü꣺
˵ţѵش׼ȴǰһԣҺñһѽסŲڵ
Ȼһ仰ȴʹ˼ģۡңۡ
δСغۣȷе˵Сʱ˵ôءѪô࣬Ҳǽüͷ
Ĳѣ¿ϣϼֹ۵ѨλȻĬĬΪ䰴̫Ѩ
ܼѨλҵú׼ҲյǡȻͨİಢҩͼӰʱ侲ĵƣ֢״ټЩûиշʱôͷʹˣԭšһüͷҲչ
Щ𣿡Լ۵ֱۣעŶԷϸ΢ı仯
öˡڻ˹̧Ĩȥϵĺȴһó˿ϸȥ顣
δֱ˵ȥΪҪõɰҩڷúֻ֪Ǽ򵥵ͷۻͷ磬Ͳ÷ʳֻ֮ҩ
㵽ôˡ
̾˿̧ġ
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ԣͿԼ壿ͿȫҵĸܣҲ̲סˮʧأֻÿһ仰ۡ
ʲôָȥ۽ǵỨ˫ǰ۵С޷ΣҲ˵ˣֻҪƽʱעϢǿԿƵġͱѹˣôģҲ̹ͷֿʼʹˡ
Ϊ棬æֱҲ˲ǵ̿ˣСèˣ
ͷȻ˵̫ҽԿƣΪԽԽأǳѻĽëϻմżΣҶϾӨ͸ĳ¶ֹס͸ű
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̰Ŷڰ˵Ϣ˫໷סԷ࣬ű˴ˣܣܹظӦе̥
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СʱͱԼĸûܹҲ֪һףֻ֪⸹еԼĹѪֿ֮˵ĺӡ
ס֣ԥƬ̣ջû¶Ŀڡ
ָоԼܿܲþҪ뿪ˣҲʱȥҲºӲú御
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ѵҪƴӣѺҲ
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ף ĪЦЦΪ¾˭ɵģ
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˼Ƭ̣̹ϵҡҡͷһвȷʵֱʡ
׾ӵļɱι˵˫ۣô˱㽫ƾͼƣ˭ڱϰ΢ǰ㣬Ļԡ
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181 ˿
𲻸У ȡ˼ҪĶ
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׷ϣ ֻŶԷ㣬 Ծ˹ǽ

ǵм磬ǶС̯С̰Ӫİϵ꣬ õĿԴ ӪҵʱȻҲöࡣ
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˺һŷǽ˹ţŸһŵ棬 Сһ㿪ʼڡ
˰ɡ԰һͺˡ峿ĳֱڱ˵緹 Լˮδ סʣ Сͼ
ʱӭһŮϽ Щ˷֡
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ԣѾˡǱ˸Ϻܣһ
⣬ʹĪǡ
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˿̲Ҳ֪ ߿ʶ˹ӵ˲Żʹɱ֣Ϊľɱڣòҵ
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ΣԸüǴӷʹﴫġ
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ԸæȰ裺δ򲻿ɡ
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ΨһĹѪˣȴ־ǰȴжԷΪñ𡭡
γ֪ڴ˻ָָһǷָ̫࣬ԼΪȹλƾĸ׷òףָԼĿһȴִӣֻ
һƫͷĿ⵭ӹʧѪɫΪ԰׵۽΢΢˶ǰķһһʹϣݣ̾࣬ĪġȻ첻Ը绨꣬Ⱦ񼲣ҩʯҽʹĲѣ׷Ϊӡպᡣ
䣬κθĳڲŵۣɾ㵱ɻƣתΪ̹ǵġ޷ĥķߺޣҲ򼫶ȵı߶Եƣ׷⣿᣿ԭνĽԭҸ嵨뱲ӻĽ
ڣȡ
Ƿͷһֱ䣬˫΢΢촽ţ⻹˻𣿣ãҽʣΨһһˣƾʲôұ𣿣ƾʲôͰһƮƮش﾿ʲôʲô
ͫ죬ǰһǻЧ˰Ѫ
ʱֻʣº⣬ޱ޼ʵ⣻˿̵ֻɱˣɱǰ֣ɱֹѩ޵ˡ
ڼʩѹرѹƵԽԽͬʱֱͻֱ۵Ĳԡ
ڣ񣬷ʹȷɱҲƫ̻ҡΪӣɶԾ򣿣ֻͣóܿҪŲסˡ
ƴڱɱǣѱº֣Ƕ˼ԿȥضУǡ
ȻʹʧˣûǣȰ˵ǵûñû侲ڶԷͷһѻ𣬾ȻһʩġءȻ޿ˣеļ򴦣Ѫƿ
Ҳ޷޶ˣǰо˵λãΪһɼǵ˿ڣͬĵطѪˡ
ܲسȥͽסڵĽ棬þȫȥֵԼѪҲ⣺ڣĽ֪֪ʲô
Ѫʹ˫ۣģߣڵ΢ɲ˸һ£ǻת
ԼѪȾĽУѪģƣѪֹҼ硭
ڣֻɿ𽥳ءڵĽֱ۵ĴĦ棬ź˺üŴŵͨۿȿֺ˳յ䡣
Թűͽ͵һֻס˫ۣȴ޷ҧ촽вʣߣ㻹ҵСá
ŭҲãʧҲգǶǰ
Ȼôصǰ޷ˡ
Ҳ򼸸ǰǰһ˿ܣȻڣٲǰΪ
ķšõİ٣
۰ãǸСܰΧתѾͷվǻزˡ
ЦΪǰô꣬ΪûһûУ
Īȷߺ޸µ䣬ʧҪǾ
ʱķڣǡǡĻľ֮УĿǻҰĿΪѪɫ
ĬĬŷὣҡҡλתȥĳ˵š
ءĽֻ˵Ƥ⣬ȴôʹ׶Ĵ̹ǰʹȵӲ˼ᴩһʱҪʹöࡣ
ڵıӰ̫į̫ǿսһĴڣ˰ģٴĴʹҲδԷɥ޿ӡ
һȥٲͷ֮ʣ޼൴Ȼ޴棬صĿܡ
һۼѪƣκ˵˾䣺úһ¡ӽûҵ㲻Ҫ̤ˡ˵̧꣬űߡ
Ƥģǰһץס½ǣǴ-𣿡
ڱ㡭ŷȻȥķޱػӿ֡
ʹһڱزưոݣȥƱػᱻͷ˼⡣ֻʱܱһʧ
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Զԣû˵ǴĿĶǰ
ȻɴΨһֻоȥֲȥԼ´Լ
Щ޷˵ڡֻߣʹ˵ˣҲδţı鷳
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ʹΪҲйأ⽫ԼƲøɸɾΪ˶Ļ֣಻ѡ
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գգ۾źӿһȡ
ǰ˲һڣʧȥʶǰ·ʧĺ
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184 ȷѪ
һﺮ겻ڶ һֱµڣڵʯϡ
𣬴ľͣؿϣ ɳɳ졣
غô ȡɡ⡣
£  רעΪһĶֵϵĲľڷ絲꣬ĽŲ ͷҲصˣһ깤ˡ
ͥԺʯĻݲݶ鲼ɵסȻҲǶԸģȻ˽ԼӵС񱣬ЩӲñ˲֣ ŮҲ⡣
Ƭ̣ Բ˲·ϲСմӡ
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֪ˣ ÿ鲻ʱȥŪЩݣе˶ϰһ
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һݣ˽£ŷġ
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³ֻ»ԽԽˡⲦŪŻ֦ϵҶƬ
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Ӳܲס˰ĻΪȻϧǷʹµ˾Ȫ֮ҲԼôġ
㾪ȲСˤ룺˻ɷʹǱģ
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ȻһʱϢʱǡ·ǶǴɵԶԶƳǲʡµ˶ҴҶԸߵһӡˣ϶ʹʲô񼲡
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ʶ磬л㱼·ص˼ǵֲԣԭ̻Ի͡ҵĹʱƣѹֵý˼
ȵľͷֻӷ֮ԽԽԣڽսС
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ҲסˣͻȻ俴ԼĸеȣΪͻȻս㵲ѡ
ʲôʱ£ôһ㶼֪飿
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أЩһ˲ֹͣ۾ӳϲЦͺҪ̻һ
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ȣȴ֪˭ȣǰȴ񱻶ڵһ㶯á
Ȼ־һͷֻԼﱧŸ٣ŸѩɰСӣĴ۾ССʱֱһģ̳ġ
Ȼֻһۼ϶ⲢСʱԼĺӡͰĺӡ
δüΪĸĻϲǰ䲻һ˫֣Ǹ֣
ӣҵĺӣˣƴǰٶأκΧ·һƾճ࿴ӵˣסֽš
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˼ɱҺѪϵţճĳɫѪһȾ˺Ұ
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ֽѣǧأýʣۣȴһƬ𺣣ǽ̮㸲µĵҲ֮ѷ죬°ݡ
Ѫ˷ӿǻȳŻʹֻ֣úҪͣͣ
أһգǰĻ⿴ˣЦˣѪζҲŲˣ˷·׵֮Уͣ׹׹
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Ȼһָоǲĺӱסˣ
ʹĸʹ뼫ȵıӿͷһ˻ԡ
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185 عӦ
һҹ꣬ 峿ͣЪȴ粻ġ
̫ǿ¶С΢⴩ĵľ ϡϡشϣ յŵ˶׵ý͸
˼һҹ һҹ
һص ˵˺ͺӽʱƲס һ˽
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۾˼ǲ֪ЩʲôԼ˭δһǲҲˡ
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Ҹᣬȥһ󡣡

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һλۡΪһƣȻϹϾؾԼıյ˷·;ĳȾذһ
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ǵˣҲСÿһûһµشĲˣûؿǰȰ׸һ䣬֪ĻǲҪ֪ĺá

׸һ˻˻
һĲȾˮûӵɽ亣ζ׸ɫ䡣
һ֮ôҲǻƽ̨ͷϺǰȻһƽѵһ١ҲƢģ
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186 Ӳʩ
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׸վһԣ 㷲 ȴǿջЦã á
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׸İѱ֣¶Էˣ۶
׸ȷʵҲûˣۣΪͻȻʲô£ȴû뵽Ū˰쾹Ϊתһ룬Ƣ¿϶̡
׸ϰ£ȴֻʵ¶ʵڹֲѽṩûǱϾǷϵҲº֪һС
׸ɫ͵͵۾СؽЦҲɱģСҲúõġ˲С˹һʶ
Ҳ˵֪飬¸һϵûУ׸ڣȴ͵ʵش𣡡
׸Ӳһ𣬲ʵҲʵˣҲҲǺ޹ϵǸҩģֻȻȻûǵˡ
Ȼعûͣ˭ɵģ
ΪһûЭܶԳ£ǡ
׸ͻȻûĪ֪عǵӦ


187 
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һ·ϣأ ü͸ƣ
̫ģ ûдջ ӡ֤ǵ뷨ȷʵмϸ ҴͷСһԣο
ͷ ȴ̲סһ̾Ϣϸһ֪ɼȷͷعͷ˶ȥˣ˭ء
ͷЦЦǡņ̃ѿ˾䣺Цʲô
ûʲô ֻعӺǰȣƽ׽ˡ
ǰܸ߸𣿡˼һ£ Լƺûòá
æϣûСµ˼ǣһֱºͣоֹǻһ־Уȴ˾þ˺ܶࡣøղ˵ ǰ һ㲻˵ȥˡǻá򡮹֮ꡯȽʽĴʡ
һ£漴ס͡Ц˳ֱ˵ҹȥ秵Ĳˣе仯ҲãԽݵƽŮӣ ˵ǰ Ūɡ
ʱһֱң ѻ˿ЦȻ·ʱгصİؼΨһĨü䣬á
סĵļ¶ת𴦣Ŀ֮һƬӺͣƶ֮ϣһֻ̻ȥ
ϾҪ붬ʱͳȺǨȥůϵأֻ˵ֻǾʲôԳٳٲԸ뿪
۳ںԭ򣬵ȵ϶٣ǿҲˡŵջţǵսǡ
ǸӦ˭ͻȻһ仰𸡶˼ʵ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ˵Ӧµǲɵһˡ
˭
гԸߡ
䣬¶ɻ֮ɫΪΣ
ֱ
üͷ΢壬ƾһ䡰ֱȻ޷ŷǾжϣе㡭̫һˡ
ɱֱֵ飬οԷǾһĶɱ֡
Ƿǵ÷ʹµǴΣ
ǵðִ˹ȥ㻹Ϊ˹Ϣ˺ܾáͷ֮ǰ£Ȼǵú
ûǴΪϢȷʵ˲ϢңڵʱС¶˶
ֱ㶵ؿǰľȻԾС£㣬ң
ʱǡ˾оա²ģûᡣžòԾǸʱԷѾµټֻǳĳԭûš˶٣ֽ˵ˣڡϴдعԱּõīˮǻƽ̨ơƽ̨߱õīˮΪλᵽ
ԣΪǸӦԸߣṩīˮҲ
벻˭
ղһ֮ͨ£׸ʲôˣȴīˮº֪顣ϼһһɫһˣ㲻ʲôСžšˣīˮ䵽֮׸޹ϵ
˼Σȴҡҡͷƾ⼸㣬ܶ϶ӦҲ˵ˣʱֻпܱ֣˵̫ţʵʲôҲû
лǡ
ԸߴˣҲ걻޺¥Եףƽޭ깬֮´󹦣㲻λȨأҲʶؼͷһ氢ˣôǼϸüֽ갢δ֮޼֪˶زŻĳְ
䲻˽ԸߣǲᱳѰģһóʶˣӦòῴۡ
Ѳ⡣㷮ڲᱳδؾ֤Ը߶Ĳ
˵ҲеˣԺһ⡣˵ţ鲻ԽԼС
Ҳ˼̫أСһƺе㲻ոһ¡
ﲻʣеʵ
һֱڱʱ̱͹עż¶Էɫһ˲ı仯Ӳ۾
޷ֻǾЩ䡣£̥ǳеˣȻƤ˼˵ʵǡôʱһ磬˸ʶ£ֱۡ
̫⣬Ͼ͵ˡɲǲϺ
ܴСϰ䣬ȴ֢Լڱ仯У̫̫ȶܲס⻹û붬㣬ߵﶼŸů¯
Ȼ̫Ͼ㣬ů¯ҲʵĲ˵ǷԽһظ߸ߵĹǽͲôףΪ˾ٸ鷳ʱٴЩһöǼͨ죬˲ٵ

̧ۼ䣬Ѿعſڡ
˴μܳȻܴӴŴҡڵؽߵƫС
˸ߵǽʱִԼǽþæʱ㻬һձһأʣ޼Ҳֻܷǽˣٹ£ֻ·۵ûš
˺һ׼ʩṦȥȻǰӲ㣬´ȥ
ûü˵һ֣һᣬӦʱԼѺ;˫˫ڿն𣬶Ϸ󡭡
ƫͷȥֻԼžůĻ౻Ƚı۰§ţ̧ͷ򥣬
һ˵Ļ¶ϵؿδôϸλʮԼߵİ
沿ǷüҺܳбޣɫᣬǱխϧ˰ǰ¶ݣòֻĶһվСĺ䶯
ˡ
˼֮ĻϣʶףͷԼȻһ˶áǾԼǱӶԷʶҲûʲô
뵽⣬˶װһµ͵ʣµ·Լ߻ȥ
ͷԼСģ»һֱڰȫ˵꣬ȥӰ
תлذԶԶںͷһۣÿճԼ߻
лҪ˵
ҲҪɣжCPֻǸƽNPCŮ𣬰ǼģǵģлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


188 ׻׻
չӣ㣬 ôǰССӰ죬ٻ˿ Լþ뿪ˡ
һڣ ʶԼ˿ĵصλ乬 ѹƧ
Ǹ߹Ժֵط СҪѧᱣԼ
Ǹ˲¹ͷĵطչΪӣ ĸǳŹǣѱû˴ĻҪ֣ƫƫ⺢ǸĴ綷ġ
֪ΪԼãɷȻһ䣺ԼΪڴ˴

һʱ䲻֪ش ȴմϴ󣬲ŲСӣ ҹĩҾͰˡ
һ̻Ϊ⺢ӵģһȴĻŪ̿޿κεЦЦ΢΢Դã ҲԡǷչǸСˣ ܵǶء
ղ̫ϲԴΪоɣ˾ǸĺӡȻۡ
ڷյ Է㣬 һÿʱÿ̶ܷɣҪǣ λѧһҲȷӲҴСĸ˵ԴԼҲܺãܹЩԼ΢ڹϱֵò⣬⵽
ˣд˼ƪ£㲦㲦֪ûʱ䡭ɵƳһۼ¡ĸղ֪Լ᲻е֡СҲԷװСܻܵСãʱǲ۵ġ
˭֪һӦˬúܣȻԣԺ㲻ʲôʶҡȥ㣬㽫ºͲøҿġֻһ㣬ס
֪ܸκˣĸСĵİɣÿһ仰Ҷμϡ

յ󣬼һ·ɵǾȻӭ˰
ɻˣ
ôѵҲڵʱ䣬ʲô£Ҵææӭɫ͸ŽһĪǰͻȻˣôɰɣ
Ҫ֪ڸչջָ糯µĵһ죬˵һͨеʱ򣬰ӦæýŲزŶԣôܻйοԴӷʹȥ֮󣬰ûˣڻԼɱʹְɡ
ˡΪѵؿ˲ڹУūֻøɢȥˣû뵽˵ԼþûˣִҪūʵڲ֪ǺãֻѰ˸ͷعûУڰ·ˡ
˶ãЩֻǶãȻ֪Է⣬ӦӦ
һյҡ
˵ͷ֪ˣͻȥ

ȻƫȲ裬һ²յվװֵǰס֣ǸʲôȥѽҺõȣ
ųԵöЩоЩȥɢʳˡôãȻõĲǣ񣡡ſںţ֣Сıѻ𣿸ʢһ
ԴӼк󣬳Դöɶϸģѡ˲̲֮Ʒ﹩ӦԴԴϡʳǾ
ȻӹˣҲѲƷԣҲ˯ǰŪҹӡȴǸ⣬ĳӦľϣֱںŻص˵šԶˡʵѹûԵͶˡ
Ӧ£һյСðӹһƣȵ˽˿ѣѵһĺÿǺøҪ֪˻˳ԵҲѰİѣɼϹ潫
֪ӦҲ㲻˻⡭ǵĽӵСʣעģ
ǰ߾ܣǷ֮ڹôҲû˵˭裻òѵҲһĿԣɿҪǴӺε֪ģ
ԼǽձЩŵʱԽԷ˼öСһһͣ
ôˣﲻۼע⵽ԷüС
ֻѰ̥ҲûĶӣ޷С첻ҼΣϰˡ
ֳųҸ񣬶ͫ΢̶ɫ˵º̥ȹ̣Ҳ˵ġӦ֪ѧҽ˵ղʲôĵҲͨһŵùңɷΪѰ
⡭еαֵܾ̾ı쳣Ͼ֢֪ܶƽΪչˣҲ⡣
Լֹʱز廰лˣ˵˴ǰǹеŮҽۼزѷҽةֻź̫ҽΪǹԾͲͷ
ϻδ䣬Ȼǰ㣬ɷ˵㽫һ׽סͬʱָš
Ŀɿڴ붼˵˲أôƣ
д󺧣˲ϽͱæԼ֣ȻСҽʼߣֻǲڻ£ֻ΢һ˸š
ϲѽһ̥ǸӣĸƾӹԺеĸˣչüЦΪһ㡣
֪ؿ򼧵һ˵ʹҽة̥Ա𣬴ǲйģΪľǷֹ˰áڡ
ǲͶɫԾӴһ¶ġǧģû˼ЩԴ̷֮ҾҲû˰ѹÿеֻܰҽػطַղʵûסñѽ
Ȼ͵Ļ˵˲٣ȻɫԲÿԷԺ֮ǰһˣȻ֪еĹأٺòС¿ҵϴӣŮҶᾡܱҵÿؿƿ
ԴǣĿȴ൱ӲˣҲš
ԭˣֻ¹غӣ޷ƽ
˵ﻰұǽãȻʲô¶ӦΪءʵҪ˵˶һ޷ǶЩϲ֮ͽһŮ˶ԣӲҪġЩ裬ǹ̡ҾʹӲΪ֪ɽվҲкʯõһ죬ҲֻʱӮңᱻȡΪƮʥᱡֽЩ캦ĹûбҪ
һϯһм飬ɵ̧ͷǰλüĿǳЦ͵ŮӣƬ̣ʵ⻰
ʱˣϢոЩΪҷθ֮ԣŵùȥú롣ŲǱȫԷҲ޲ɡƫƫֻ˵һ뿪ߵżͣ½Ųͷһѽļɫˣõȳƫ޴󰭣֮ʱѱӰ졣Ϊӵ뿪Щм˼ȡ
һ㶣漴ʲô֣һ񣺡лѡ
ߺ󣬰һʰ輸һ߷ڸǺã˻᲻ѹ˵ȥ
ֹҡҡͷ϶ᡣ
һ̲ͣס̧˾ôŶô˵Ҳ߶ǰɵ֪֪治֪ġҶһֱܶ˻˵أδؿš
ıģҺ⹬ж޿֮ˣẦҡҪҲأܵõʲôô
ͬĻ˭˵޿ϱ
Щ˵ĳ谮˵һʱ֮ˣȷʵûбҪ⡰һʱ֮ˡ棻϶Դ˾һķϣ˶˲ܿ
ǣΪ˵Ļ˺֮ĸ
֮˿ɾģ
ŰżСģ޿κεһЦȻ᲻֪ȻߵһҲһ仰˵ġ
ղŶǷĺΣԽԽĪԷԼĪҪھ֮һ⣬ͻȻᵽʲô캦Ĺ
뵽Էʱ飬ֱԼǷʲôпָ
֮ȻǼҲóԷԼͼı졣
Ǹ˭أ
еĶΪβֹһУ
ѵ˵ݶֹ
ԣͼԼǸǡ
粦ƼգԺвһ֡
лҪ˵
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ĭ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


189 ɽ
뿪 ṳ̋˶˻
Ѿȵúܲͷһ˽Ҳûɫôô
ظ²ˡλҹ ʶЩʱ䡣
ǻˣ ֪ڵλֽڱ Э֮Ȩ ŷӦҪͽᡣǰ㻹ӵʱôû˵ֺù㣿Ц ɫΪޡ
޹ⲻʹ졭ҲǸģΪ˺պڹùЩֻƽ糣ϢŭӵеĶǷ˸ģǷ˶ӻ Գ檵ĳͼнĵλλСС ªšĿǳ˺һʶ
˶ĻĺЦһССĪΪ磿
ȣѵǰô
֪ݣˣ ࿪ʼɶԼ ⶼҪӸ߻ϣȻ˶ģҲԼĶӣǷܸ
뵽 ĳŹǰ̧̧֮°ͣɡǶôʱ䣬 Ǳ˵뱾ʳΣΣ̥Σ
д㣬Ųæ 泯Ķλãǵģ޷Ǿ϶λģٲһӤչӵĵλܵвʵ˴ɲˡ
ĵ˼˵У֮˵˼֣˻
̧ͷһһӣ
˫ôģԱش𾪵ˣ
ϢȳҪ࣬첻֢֮·ݵյԽֻ³Ų̥£ĸͳܲסˡ
ɱϾڣһжδ֪϶
΢΢һЦλʦȷʵҽտһ棬ΣܰѺӱ£Ȼһվգ˾õʱӻܳŵùȥô
ε˰-ŷ֣׻˵ŹءԼҲһ⣬Ȼ֪Է飺˼ǡʲôʱһغɣ
㻹ĴֺţΪ˶ӹƴģȻɫˣܸı䣿עǳ˸Ϊ˷ա
ãǱģʱϣĸ󻼣룬ӸΪյİսͬһ鷿ϰͬһλΪʦʱδ˵˵ţ߽ǰĵעǰüĿŮӣġ
ǰǺ󹬣ʩԶԦЧķʽڶû˿ͱģѾʹҲӦ֡
л⡣ֻǸ߶ͻСƽӹʦΪʱ磬Ҳ١ɫ䣬ϰ˶ԷӸµ
ԼĺӺӵĳӴһϰҵһ˵Ī٣һν֮áɶô룬ֻκƽһ˳ϲ֣κڵңĸΨһֻúԶ
ĺô࣬һƽĹӸߣȻʲôע⡣ˣԼĶӴûʲôҪ󣬲Ը־Ͳͷȥȥ⹬УƽӹҲʧΪһ֮
û뵽׳ġô̬ȣδô࣬ϾҲùӸߺͷһͬѧϰȻԷƴǣҲüƽǼ٣ȻΪûʱǾԺ˵ʱˣȥ˯ûУҲعɡ
ίôãʱǷһҲȥÿĸˣ˿ˡҴȥ

ҹˮ
ϣͬһֻëëƵģȥȴ޷ߡ
ǰȥ̽ʲôعӦټͻãҪǻܺ˯۶Ҳ̫ˣ
û˯⣬һνִ󣬱ĿϸϢĲ
ҹ֪ڶٴΪԼˣڷ˶ΣȷȲϳˣҲһʱﲻ֢˼ˣ΢Щ
ҿǰվΪʹϢǿ˲٣϶ɻء
ȻҲֻʱġ
󹬵İӿӬӪġȼƻԼǸǱӦЩǧͷü޴֣պĴضӼѡ

һҹҲû˯á
ȷе˵Դӷʹºߡ
ÿÿһۣԺоͲֳЩȥˡ
ĸſΪζĶ˾飻ΤԹ⿴̫ƽʵ򰵲Σľ棻ʧΪβΪԼƽԼ˶ıһϤİǰȥεķҡͷ۲ֹ
ͷַˣ֣¸ٲԸ嵱£㾡ܣֻҲ췦ˡ
Ӧúܸɴ࣬Ҳ֪ûѶԷĻȥҶ˽⣬ԼĻֱ˶Է硣
̫ҽʾۣͱҽة֮ף˵ǶĽġǷ룬ܵѹҲġ
ûʱҽӣ
ǰŸߣԸߺž̤˸ȪŸССıӣȥװεġ
Ǵͷ깤Ը߱˵˫źӳϣĿ
ۣû⣬Ը߽͵ȥ
һΩǴӵԸȴѣūΪ͹ȥãūȥǲ̫ʡ
б΢ȥȥĶôϻʹô
ҡϣԸֻȥ˰

ǡҵģյʱպ˯ȥ
ӵľﾲذڷһ֧Ĳҡҡһͷƶ״ΩΩФ׹ĲõƳεʽ˿һ۱̲ספ͡
Ͽǹʮܹɽ˰µʱƳ֧ҡȡΪꡯС϶Թȴ¶֮ȣԸҲʵʵ˵ô꣬ȷʵûԷλġ
һԸתϽס죬ߵͨ졣
էһҲһ£Ծ죬Ͼ˭һȡһ¶ǵ֣һתƷζ
֧µĲҡתԸߣһЦͷԸлϣҴ仰˵֪
ϲٺòϻΪϲءԸǹ߳ǸЦ
ҡֱķһ壬Ȼվӣ΢΢ü䲻ϲЩ黨Σⲽҡȷʵޱȣʵһ˼Ǿ
Ըסһ˿ɻһţʱѻָƽű׼ЦԲӣⲢǾƣӺйĽ˴졣ĹȻ࣬ʽ࣬ʮ˶Ǿϸѡġ
û뵽һξͺķôʵɷˣϴ̫ȴһֱڹ۲Էɫ仯
ܸոԸ߷Ӧܿ죬εҲãȻĲͣȴڸǲ˵ʵ
ʯΪ˻ƽ̨߲Լ׳ɵĽͷţϡʦ֮⣬ֻĸ֪
ʱͻȻѡͷţȻΪ˸˭ȡϵ̽Ըߡ
֮ǰ㻳عгǰ׸˵ǸӦԴ˻Ī˵˴ؼУԸһʱʶôһ
ĻļϵˣֻйصĶţûķԸūűȥˡ
Ըƺʶ˵ز˾Ҳû˼ðš
Ըߣʱ֪ʱֽҡͷȡ£﷢
ôÿͷΣʲôŶūˣ˶ǰ˰ɣԴԸһ֮󣬰ͳúãҡɣءϰѾת⣬֧ҡعںأ
Цǿȴʲôû˵


190 ڽ
عûñǿ һůĶҲԽԽԻʹſɵҲڲס¡ ǴŸԲĹϡ
Խ ӱԽǳ ټȽſʼף жҲ㡣
ǰÿڰǿȥͥԺȦ žŸ¶ӵһ·ˣŲŲҪǺֹһθƽҪ߶̥λӶʱ̥λѲķգ¶һ쵽ڴϡ
ū澴һˮ ݽŰɡŸСľͰ˽ϴ˵ˮݽſף ÿһͰˮΪԡ
ЬȺ°ڣȻ˫ˮС
ˮǡôˮպСȡ
漴лƣ ˫ˮпʼΪĦȽš
ѵûɣ û˯ƤӿʼܣԺԼҪҪٶӵˮ
ذ˰֣ȴֵˮЩʪɢٵҩݣ Чѣ ū澲š
޷ ̫ᷴҽʱˡ˸Ƿ۾ˡ
ɵЦô̫ҽɳȥʱˣ³š
ȥ궬ֻһѩԿ֮תůѸٶͻȻܱȺʮոȾߣ͢һʱɳǰȻڣܿӵΧ
һζĸ벻þӱڶԹٸĲںüׯĴٱͻڳ˸׷ӿ̶գתֱ£ڳ˶ոȾʱߵӡ
סˣǲõҽǰβһϲ˳ĲƽҲѵòһ£ʾͬ˾ٴ롣
ǣҵһҽة糾͸ȥȼ
뵽һ߰պַΪĦŵѨλһţӣ̫ҽҲ˰ɡҲ֪ʲôʱܻ
ʱڿ»ز˵ʱ൱أλڹܱߣĸѰ˵飬Ҳû˯⣬ˣո˵̫ҽճĹ
³尡
䣬ȻԼԴѽҾȻˣ
˵ţɴؽŴͰأðϿȥȡŵĲ
ʲô𣿽Ŷݡ
ҴӦÿµʮµ׶Ҫ渨ĿҵԼӣҾ˸һɶӣԽԽˣһߴһ氵԰ա
ǣٹ¾ǹ˵֮ڣˡūֱԣʱʵڲۡ磬ūȥչתһչӶġ
˽´ڷ֮°Ҳ֪ȻͬȻִˣҲö񼧵ѽ裬ʵڲʧ
ûµģ㲻Ҳ˵˻а𣿶֮ǰѾͷ˵ã֮´ٺҪˡ԰вĹȫһʸ
żӣĵģǡ
΢Цļ򣺡֪Ϊҵġ˵ءʲôĶиòٴƵġ˵ˣŵˣʧţ
һ仰Ҳˡðɣ䡣
۽ǹ˵Ķ֡
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½İԣ̧ͷɴ۾Ϻ͹˵ĺӵȻģ
һֲɵ飬ɵʧЦúã
ʵ۴ҲñҲãԼĺӣֻҪƽƽģԸ

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ڶվСԣǷʲô棬۾·ʢǣСܵںҴкأ
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ûһŶͷϣ εԴȵϡãȻԼֱϵļѨӻ-Һ
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һ·˱ܱߺȣ Ȼ乬شƫƧ ˼ ˵ˣƽӰ
СԲɼҰֲӣ ˵Ұֲ䳱ʪĻ£ʺĵطֻ乬ԷˡԶҵĽŲͺȹڶ㵽̽ͷ
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ôյһˣҶһҴҺҪӡ
ʱղһǰһԣͷˡһڵϡ
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ΧˣҽةйˣһԲƹǣ׼ЪͻȻ⴫̸߿ͨϼݵ˻˵


194 ûڲ
Яſ˫˫ӭ 񣺡檼ϣ˻ˡ
޵ڼ򴫳ļʹ-ü価ǽƣ ֻ΢̧ƽ ֮δԡ
ĿһֱעҵԼͣĹˣ ıŵǰסһˣôˣ
ط˵Ļ һֱɺùһ̡ԣͷξΡū澣 ūʵڲ֪ŮŸˮ裬ȥҲʮӣͻȻ˻ʻһǵϵ棬ţ һʱ仰
һûʵ裬 Ϊˣȴһ֪Ҫã
ū澡ū澡СŮ΢΢ţӶˡ
ʵڿȥ ЦѾͷһǸʹŮ ҲʲȻŮҽѾ޵ڣӦûʲô⡣檿ǸôæһЪϢ һ߾
û뵽Ҳûɫ Ҷüһ̥ʮһ䣬ж˵ôɡ
δ䣬 һֱδڵȻתͷζؿۿģ˻⻰˵ģһҽߣֺ͵ϵ׺ʱ߶Ӧ˽ⵤԲŻǶ˻ˣôʱ䣬Ϊ֮׵ȴԴ˲ŲʡǰĹϲҲӰ˵õʱӣ
ⷬһڣɫʱˣæͷ͵檾޴⣡檡ԼҲĸ׵ˣŮࡣŵý裬Լʱļղףʶǣ˵Щʱ˵Ļƽ԰вȷǳ檵檲ΪԼѣϸһֲĻᡣ
Ц̾Ůں󹬴ˣԽװǻƣƤҲĥԽԽ黬ĶĲ˵ԲġոЩҲֻһţûܣҪء
漴վԲϢŭ˻˼Ҫ󹬷ˣֵչ˷չճʳӣﻹϾﴮţʵ˶Եúǹģ˵ƽʱδԵҲ檶ȥ̽á
˵ǹ˴ˡһ۶üȥͣ˵űÿƽ
лϡȷʵںܶ෽òϲû˵Ժ󣬶Ŭøá˵꣬һһƳһԵĶ
ԷϾ˵˻黹ǵȼŵģڶϴǷΪ֮ףĵȻ֪һʲôʲô
Ҫǣ빬һֱμһ㡪ΪߣԶġ
ԣǷĴνûйϵϵĴϣһҪϵװס
ǿôܽĺ󹬴֮Լ࣬ԲЩ紺һ㽿޶˵ĺж⣬ڲ֮ء
ĳǸȻǳȻڸȴûôƣܵ˵ҺãôҲȻ㲻ĶԴңرͬġ
ʱ˿޵Ǳλδ֪ȴˣС˼ⲻ֪ЩС˼Խ࣬ԽķС
ȻֱĻתִ֣ڿ̫ƣ˳ȥ߰ɡֱӵڵΪԼ˲ˮĿģɷ˵קŶ̧ż

һ·һƧˣŷſ֣ͬʱɫҲ˲٣˵Ǳҧ˲Ϊ˶
ģɾ㱻Σ¶ֲɵģ¸ɶǣ̹̹صͷǰôϾǺΪ
㡭ĮƳһۣü΢𣬡ΪⶾҲӦȫ֪ˡ
̾˿ǡ
ءܹ𣿡Ҳ֪ԼΪλʶԷ⣬ֱֻȴʱЩ޵ҽةҪɿöࡣ
ԥһ£ջҧҧ´ѵ³һ֣ѡ
˫ֲԾսȻ·ʲôǻԸߣأ
ղڴ;òԾֱʱŷӦҲڡ
ֽڹϣҽة֮׾Ȼû֣
Ըʵ̫ҽûء
ŭһ˦ӣ֣ڼ˭ʱģ
Ը߹ڵϣһ޹ػش𣺡ϣⲻԼµگô
˵ȷگҽة飬ҽةǣΪƫƫɳȥһֱңߣͬʱʮְûԼʱΪʹԵڻ
Ե˵Լѹˣȴǡ
ڵҽة˵ôԼȻһ֪ȵȣ룿
԰گµģҲ±عףܹȨǲֻС
ǰĶȻҲע⵽ǲһ񣬲ɵ¶Ϊѵ飬ҧһ촽ֹ
ȻһЦ˵С
ָ˭Լ
ԸϥǶҪˣ䣬С̽ʵҪūȥ̫ҽ
ȥڹߵôã»Ҫ𣡡ոͿˣعȻȹϵһ㣬оֹҲ˲ʲô̬Ը߾һͨҲԱǷڳ
Ըڶע뿪˰
ˡֱԣԶʱʹӱޣҲһʱҵõ״ֹۣ̫ҽʱϻأҲ޲ϻ׼˰죬ջӲͷƤһֱĻ˿ڡ
⻰ӦΣ˵Ҳˡ
ֳźϵΧͷĬĬź棬ǲ˿ʱı顭˺һżѵش˳Ĭ˼ǣù˱Сѡһ
ͷ֣أõӹǳŲ˶ã
ˡ˵꣬תذ


195 ޷ǿ
һصڱһ߹һʹ ǡðҴҴ߳źüĹŮ
һע⵽ˮ㱻Ⱦ˺ɫͷһ ôˣ
ͣ ǣ˺ܶѪ ںӵͷûŮҽ˵˵˵ӹǱ飬 ټѲֻ¡ֻ¡
ûѻ˵꣬ ̧žﴳ
㵵۾վ˾䡰ϡļҽةϻ̳Ͽֵسȥס׼ҵϲɰ
ĿɫҲԽԽѿÿ
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뵱Լһ֮ʱԷҲ㡭뵽⣬Ǻ޵ҧ
ͲˣʱϳɻҲ޲

һһѪζʹҲû֮ǰôˣǺһһ֣һߴţʹһΣ
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Űʹ಻ģĶҪˣ̲סʺжٰսĸӶ˽Ա
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ְһܵʹȫˮнǿع񣬷תͷķ򣬡ĪҪĪҪΪǡ
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㣬㲻ˡ뷴סģκ˵˿ϵֻ㡭㱣סǵĺӡ
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𡭡ҡҡͷ
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룬Źزĵţڵķϣһ
δüߵлȴֳŴ˵££и̣ļ˱ǧаɡ
̫һ¶û꣬ԼܻܿҪ٣ǣˣȾ֮һؿڳ˹ȥ


196 
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絶 ̧ĨȥԷϽȾ亹űָָѾҧѪĴꡣ
ľ𣿡Щԥؿʹ˶һۣ Ȼ֪λãȻ˸жôһĸ˵վ̫ˡ
֪ҵġ
ش㹻ʹ˫ۣ ūϾΪƹϻرһ¡
˵ţ ЩǿĵĲƬȻ˶תðٶ౸Щˮ͸ɾĲ
ʹ𣿡δڴ齱ߡ
֪ô˵ǿнѪͨǿ룬 ԼĹѪһһɱ һĸ׶ԣֻʹԶԶϵʹ
Լ˽⣬ԷԼҲҪסԼӵ
Ϸģ ū澶ס ٹʹࡣҸɾĲѱãù˵Լġ
ʹ֮࣬ ֳһ˿񣬳Ҫǰİˣҡӡ
ֽԼգĿ飺һġûνֻҪúõġ
ǣӲˣҲᣬǼˡ
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Ȼ񣬵ԼҲҪСģԼҪЮֻװºӣǹĸܣ
Լںܶ飬飬͵ĹѪΪһĸףһֱܣ᲻ãѵ׵ľã
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ˣˮսűĿǰһĻʧУһˮ֡
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ںƿϸǵʱͻȻסһҪǹСûˣ϶ܲ˵ġ
ǲôĸӾ棡̲סĻʱȣݲһ˿ԥˡ
к᣺δ̫ˡ
ùãҪףѾƾԼѺˣֻпӴӸƳܱһļ٣û뵽ʱ򰢺ԼԷôҲһ£ô˹ؼʱ಻壿
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ججؿŴʱӦִֵǰ밢촽ͣ⶯ŮãȻȴ·һţ֪ԼҪʲôøʲô
ǰȻһ˱۾ȻͫΧѪ˿ɳ˵˭ϻϳȥˡ
ʱ䣬뺮ͬʱտڣ޹
˶񣬸úеӴôˣ˭ǵ˲죿


197 
Ըһƥ ۵糸һ·۲ͣ˳ſڡ
ŸѾвٳȺӴİǱѣسһһ
ԸһʾͨԷǲ죬 æȭףԭԸ ʧ
Ķô񣿡Ըϣ ɨһ۲Զǿڳ⡢Թصڡ
ܱ߼ʱֵ Ļ̻̣ЯҴڵѣ ʵ߲˵ģֻˡسŵĹٱһεػش
ĶⳤģϰղΪһ·ʹǵѣʹٲģ ȴҲֻ÷¡οЩ֮˵иȾߣһʱǽ˳ǣ ֻһʰ
ﲻҽةȥô
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ԸĻһ˼ʵĿǰʱصĸط
صġԷü룬˵ ӦþǳϪɽˡ
Ը˵ף ǳһ ۡﳾȥ

Ϫɽʮ·̲Զ·ӿݲߣ䲻·ԸߵǴūԣٶԶʤԭ֣˵ЩۣǰǰҲͻ˰ʱұ㵽Ŀĵء
һСϪڣϪˮȣԶɽӡ
Ը߽ƥ˨ϪһϣȻڷֱС
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Ȼʱȴò߲СĹطɵҽʦȥ
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ףķҲһºͣѭ򽥽ͼ֮
Ȼ˴ǱѰֻ²ҩǵ弫û֮ҩˣֻԼԡ
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ҵȻżƾԸߵ޷жϼĿǰΣ˿ֻܼϣӺܹȵס棬һҪŵԼ

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죬ʶԷлҪԼ˵Լקƫ
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˵˭ԼˡȻʶĻż˿ɫ˲˼֣˵ȡ֣
ѵ𣿡ɫ䣬дʣ檱ϣ˭֪ϲ˼ʱñѪԡǳ檶죬ִҪˣҲõŵõ˵Ӧ˵Щ֮Դ̼Ҫи̣ԹñˣԼס

϶ǵûб죬˵檳΢һˡο檾ҲδʣСɹȵֺվûˣܻȥ𣿡
ɵ֮ǰǾ䡰߬סģȴȻӲţѰɣ˶鷢
Ͽ֪ܾȻĶǲġһƾǴɶ졣һ򲽣ϰ˾Ȼˣһʮʱ粽롢۾գţôʬһţѵҪĽ𣿡
˼ǣù޲Ҫǰλˣӡ൱֪˵Ů˽ǲǳԴҩֻĻˣô˵죬ϸۡ
֮־ǣʶĻǶԵġ˵Լһõ
绽ꡢֻ죬ҲסǶԷģˡ
檿ûô˵Ųæؽ͵檵˼ǣôǺţԵõ弫ΪԸѺˣĸƽȻǽԴϲ⺢û֣ŵҲϵģСбϵĲͬ
򣬶ãüʳһ䣺ĸӾأ
һ̯֣Ҳ⣬ֻܽڰ˳ˡ
һ飬ֻǰһ֣
ݲȵ˺󣬹˸񣺡Ӧ֪ɡ˵Ĳ˵ģ檶˵ˣ벻ȫƾʥĶϡ
һϣ㹪űߡ
˵¶ǾΪеһԱӲѾ¶öҪȴЩڣҲ֪Լùˡ
Ͼתһֻ̤ƫż֮ʣȻͳһء
лҪ˵
˸ǣ˲ֶԼս꣡


198 ط
һҲˣ ˣӯͬһƬë·һܷƶˣ ĸо֮ⲻЩ̤ʵ
ҲȷʵŹֵúܣ ȫ泩鲻ͦõ ʲôأ
ã ﲻԾԼӦòģ Ϊʲôأ
һŽ˸˫ۡ
߲Ǻգգ۾׼ ȻеԼһ˫ֱ۱𣬽һ˵Ļ
һŮ˵Ļ ġģԼĸ󣬴ӶĵȻ
Ӷĸԭʼܵ
ĸ
ΪԼĸףȴһӡҲûУ
ĺӡ ôּµиϤǴӺζ
Ȼ̧ͷúÿһԷò ҲȷʵСȻǰȴֻһģӰǿóǸŻḾˡ
޵ܰڱϢƣظоԼŮӱڻУ Էĺ󱳣 һһ£߳żǵصС
ҥ Ѫڣȴ֪Ϊα˳һĨ뵭ı
Ů˵ǻģҲɬġ
ޣֿ޲һţֻܷѽѽδӤ
ȵȣΪʲôӤԼͳ
ԽԽеﲻԣŬӣκԸӱᵫҲԱС˲٣ڷǵʲôҲûöԷø
Լ˱СˣҲűò˰ɡһżһᣬ
Ů˸ϽӴͷһ˹ģغ޲ޡˡ

˭
룬ǼΪ׽֮ˡ
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ǰӰӣ۾ĵųţȴɿԷݡ
Ҳ֪˶ãõǺ߳ĸҥƮɢŵĿУõһỽģߣһ˵һɳȻϵ˫ٴ󡭡
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ۿɬͣһƬļʶ̶֣ʶʵĸҲδ㻽Ϊĵ죬ĸѪ徣ûüԼĺһۡ
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ԭһġһǵĳƺԼĻ䣬꣬Ҳ޷ݵĹ
㲻䷳ˣֻһ

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ѣΪ촷ۡ
ҵĸ׹ʹʶصʵδȫָΧĽŲԼϲǲΰ飺ϲԱӣǻָʶˣ
ˡƴᣬŲΪͣز˿ѹˣ
ձϣͻȻһ֪Ȼ̧ס󲿣ĿȴתԵĺȻ㱣֤ƴȫҲҪӦңҲܣҲܡ
ãҴӦǡҲطſ˼Ȼ׶Է˵ʲôۿԷãҲֻõͷӦʣͬʱﲻ̾øղŶ˺ɲһƵĳ֣˳ȥ治֪Ρ
õ˳ŵļ԰Ȼ΢һЩǼҪ˻ǳһʹԣĥȥҺһ߹һ˫ű죬⻬˿ʮָӲץƣһʹĵӡۡ
һ£ӺܿܳˣһΪľһ˫ֲͣΪʩ롣
ŴЭһҽة޵ĸԲߡ
ʱһһεţÿһ˲Īļ尾ڸƫ֪˶ٸأʹĽҽŲԼҽة۸ŵŴʱĶУ֮ķҡ
֪˶ӲŲûг֮ң޵ڣֻһ䡰׷һӣʵʵٴ̼
֮ǰѪεǰһĻ̫ࡣʱ˿̼ʹôֻš
˵ļ٣Ľķһ˿ĸԸм⣬ԸȥšֻҪܻõƽݣֻҪܹĵͦһء
ϣ̫ҽԸԼٵĻ
ʱǰһǰһѽųֻԸѽҴ˽˫˫ڵǰּ
عһοӱԲᣬԸߺôһհһ޸֮ҽʦϵһ·ֱԸקŷƵܣͷҪɢˡ
ðǣʱˣ͸Ľ꣺ɵŸʲôȥ޵ôˣ
һڣҴסˣһԵԸҲ¶ɫ
ԹŮб𣬹ŮҽŴӦѲȱòҽةǰӦҲŮҽϸ˵ҽةҽةٸݶԷĽдʩҩȡȻоҽة빬һңľ巽ҲҽةŮҽС
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Ȼȴˣ֮ʣѪմʱóȻӴһ
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ΣʩЧΣվһͷʵ
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˵ҵɫˡ
ݿʩ뾫׼жԼӦԷʽһ©ӵڻٳٲֻ취ҲƾԼˡ
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һδȣʱƵˣʲô
ĺˣʹڻҲı䲻ʲôΨƹϣôһãΪ
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⻰ŭˣΣδɼҡһҲͰˣ޶ڣܲǵ
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źеһתȴ˼˵Щʲôã÷Ͻأﻹ˵ϱ˵
һײ֪ûãΪ棺ʲôʱˣôЩеûģҪţҪʲôط͸Ͽð
紫ѽҲãֻǡ˵ţ̾˿ߵĶ¶Ӧɣ
˵ת˳ȥ
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ôΪԼҲΪĴһЩֲͳ
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199 ྡ
·˱ϯקޱ߰ĺ ҹĿĲ֪Ư˶ãҲ֪Լǻţֻˡ
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žĺƲ Ưı˰
鲻Խ˫ӵϣĹԴ ķչ˫һ˲䣬 ԸɺԹ¼ŵĵӿһδйĸоģĪҪĳ嶯
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۾ոѵȻ ƺ߬ġ
΢΢ƫͷֻԱߣ˫պϣȻץ˯ˡ
Լ֣ һԷ˯оѣ ϵ˶˿۾ԼϲЩ״Σ˰ȥԣ ҹɣŰ
ۿԷ׼ æ̧ץס䣬һֲֻԼʱѻָƽ̹С ͸Ż̿벻ӡ
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йӣǰͶˡ

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ָȻ乬ʱΣԶ׼ǱżȻܳһҧҲͰˣɹصأôߣ
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ޡ룬ͷشʱ·ͻȻūҲע乬ƫأҲʲô˵ġ
˷𣬰ڣյ¸ֲֻᡣΪֹһζǧܽԼдµ˵ȥҪ乬ⳡίʵ̫˼޷϶һеֻǸɺϣֻıѾõİ
ǺߣôԵǾǹˣǷչӣ
ܰǣ鿴ȥҲεýΪȻȻûô׺Ū˵·ǻӣ˵ö˶˵ĲԼţȥ乬ʲôɢҲûҪôԶɣ
ȥ˫עţʱâڱģ·ԼǵСһ˲䱻ȫ
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200 Ф丸
ĬĬؿŷԼ ڴ˳Ĭϵģ㲻Լ鷿ϰΣк£
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Լǰƴף Щ͵üʲô£
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ҡҡͷҲǴʡдǶԼдģֻĿָһ˵ϲЩ֮ õҽ壬 ЩҾ䡣ˣö̾顷˵ҵĵ伮ǡ̾顷һҪ͸ڻͨ дø¡
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˴ԲӡЩ˱念̩ʵĲֻ֪ߣֻǴӰˡ
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ңԷⷬ׼ŭ޺޵ؿǰ꣬΢΢ţҾˣ
һ򼤷߶۽ǣƬ̺󣬻˵ǰǡǰ㣬ѱƫִЩǷǺڰסԭ֮ȴȻĶ䣬Դ˺󹬣ҷԽԽˡ
ɵЦǱԽˣֻҲ첻ˡ
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ΣȻǰһһץסԷ
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Ȼ˿϶Ǳȥ淢Ұɣ˽ҵƢԣһ϶˵£㲻׸ı뷨
˿̶Է׼µĻʹԼԼͣǰ׷ѴࡣοҲ÷ѿȥˡ
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ˣɷ˵ʲôûƾʲôȥףȻ϶һΪǾȥ淢Һˣ﹬һ淢ɷԴɱû㣡˵ţ㣬Ϳ͡
ˣ΢Լ߱ǡҲӲúܣϺڵϹյҲþת˳ȥڲʯϵ˸ء
ڣյ˳ְ˼¾ѨԽԽԿۡ
лҪ˵
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ʮ˹׹أ ǰء
˰ƵĴ⣬ĻԵⷿѡһƥƷĲϲ˼СӤһ°׵Ƶıһȥ
Щۣ ԵľͲ˵ˣ ƱӵĽ߾ͼֵƣ  ûҪһ΢ûλֵôõĶ
½ɱƹܣƷޣ ʵ򲽲á󹬵Ů˵ãӦǰȥʺЩʲôʹͶ٣һ뿼͵˱Ȼ˻͵ⲻ顣˶һƷ ùȥװá
²ˣɷ˸ʹͷǴسѽλֶûУ˵ ӦչŮ͡
ḧ˿ı棬Ʒ˿ڹ·͵ĵɫݻĽƽӳǺã ĿϾӡ
аЦ Ŀǡ
һνºΣҲټĺ󹬣վ˭˵㡭

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ԭѰҽҵ伮Ҳ޴ӵý⣬ֻΪпǻԵɺ֮߶֢ںϣڰζͬʱҲ޼Ҳһγˡ֮ӡ֤Ǿ䡰Ѳк󸣡
֪ԼøԭȻ߶ϵûУ츣֢˸߰˰ˣҲ岻ãǿΪ֮ʮа-Żӹһ٣᳹װγ
ʼգֻ뱣סӣδȥģȻվûб⺢ӰȻԼ֢Ҳζ
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ߣ״򲻶ȥһȦʱʵæûҲƸԶ·ֻΪԳϤĹһۡ
ʱʱ̿Χźת۳ʳƷҲҲգͳͳյȫա

ȻƽվûãԶ˻Ϊסǰضơ
Դϴһʱݱʶƺ󣬼㷲֮УҲδ¸֪һ֪δãٵĿǰΪֹûκ֤֤£򲢲ôϾһȶȨϣΪṩ൱δܳһʱڣ»ҵֻԼöԷΪѡ
ʱԿױݾ¡绪ݣһʱ伧ѣګګĲ֪Ӧԡ
ڰӦ죬ӹƷдлūл˺ͣ
ݵ֮ҲӦҲŰݵл˻ˡ
ϵδ¶ʲô·֮ǰǼûһ㣬ֱЦضΪϵãҴصĹ㻹δӣȥϿŰɣĪ˵ţת򰢺ϸѯʹճʳӵ⽻˼䣬˿ٲȻػ֮緶
˼ң֪ǺξģֻǿӦš
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๬򰵰²˻˾Ϊʲôλ֣һ˵ĳҲδλ־һߣؼÿ
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˻һһʱ֪ڡ
ֱ˵Լںǵڷ˶ԷӣԼ鷳ҪǴӦֻҲ˸֮
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һʯǧˣ˶δϵ˻˾ȻΪһλƽŮԽ⣬ĲֹŮӺεºܡȻ⡣
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Ȼ˿ȥˣ׳ʹ֮һ
Ϊң䰲ϵôҲһŮӸ߳ٱԷԼƽƽ̣
뵽⣬׳ʹվ˴ԲӣΪϵõĽöȥˣҲû˭Խ⡣һ򣬳ףߣŮڶ࣬ǹӾʮ񲻹һҲ㲻Ĺ͡
ܽ¿£ʱ׳ʹⷬĻպøܵ
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⻰׳ʹɫࡣ
ĺʣµҲǽ빬ˣڰ׳ʹڵǲܴġڲܴԵɣԼҲ󲻹Ըͳ಻ˡ
ʱüҪ֪˻˼㵱һ²̨ôڼŭ׳ʹ׳ʹҲҶԶ˻ôֻ޹ˡ
֪̧ʱ׳ʹߺ޵ûĽӣ²ɵһ
ı鱻Ŀһ֪üƣǳȴõı飬ǻֲ̿ʵ뵣ģûС̷̫ʱ㱻ԽΪӡܳ裬ʹкβɣ
˶ˣŮǻֻ̿֡ˣЩ۶ѡ֪ɿļ˵ȥԷ̫ˣԼٲ취죬ֻ¾ԶԶֹһ׳ʹˣ
ӴƱԣȻδáúϢȱʲô̵ܸ߱òܵҲֻܸ߱һΪȡ˵꣬һ뿪˰
ðȥǣԼź˳˼


202 ɰ̺
˻˿Ǳһף ӤףһԣƷ˿ƥһУ顢ɣʹȦһֻ ƷɡͷƷ ʵõ ʱòϵķŽⷿ
һɴ ӣʵõģ
ԼɶȱЩԼòϡ
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룬 ɴ˵͵ʲô
ģһҩ࣬ ȥ̡˵ֲǱҧ𣬸պõϡ˵ţҩƿ˽
һȵźӣһֻֽӹҩƣ ̾˾䣺㣬 ĺã
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Ҳö˻˽յоֹǹΪ֮ĬŴ ˣǺξȻҡ
˻˳߹ִƺ󹬶꣬гӷգǵسһ棬вܲΪɣбҪôڰ˻ݵλô
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ӣͻȻʲôϽʳд˳ѣõģȺ˰ɣ˾Ͳˡ
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δͻȻϣȺһǷԷĿǰδ֪֮ҲڹУⲢżȻ


203 Զǽ
лҪ˵
Ͽֱ˵֮ǰѶԴɣ ȻȷʵûϵὫֱ˵
ĺܼ򵥣Ȼ͵йңߵ㲻ף ο˺ӣ ЩҲ÷ˣ ۽ʲô ϣԼ͵˴̹
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ҡҡͷƾ޾ݣ ֤ɵģگ ﲻɣ˵ǧ㲻ǣ׻Ƿյĸס
վ뿴ίҧ˵һ䣬ͬʱסǰ֮֡
Խƽ Խʹڵ֪ұɳȥ Ǳƴʱһ̵Լĺ˽Ů˵
һ̣ֺҵģȴ뵽Է֪ڸġ䱾 ˵ϣ
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һ΢΢̾Ϣ֮ üͷûáһٱίҪԵ±Թ
ǲܶģֻˣǣһȫ֣̯֮ôʰ
Ʋң鷳ֺֹһңԼѲǵǸѡҰҺޡ˼ɵ꣬ŵԲֶ֪ܶ١
ңⲢʲôίƿ⣬񵭴ݣҿݴȡԵ±Թۺˣı֮µ˲ҪرҪǧٴΣܺһ𣿡
˶٣εسǣûбֻǵĺⱲӶƽƽġ
ʵ˷ʥͣӵôؽοԷԼĺ֡ԼֻеȡȺӳһ죬ԼǿԺͰһ졣
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ӭĿ⣬ͷ㡣
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һ䡰㡱ǧﶼԱ
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ȻһڣЩ㷣µΪԼ⻰ָҪ¹طգܲʡ
ѹûô࣬شֻм̵Ķ֪֡
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˵ģҲûпܡ
ÿɷüĿǰһܹ϶ǸؼԵֻҪǽྡˮʯҲѣֻ轫ص֪ɡó֮ϣһŲ飬ʱŻн
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ȻǿЦŻŻԷı룬ѵ¶Ц⣺æӦ˻ˣûжľչ˸߶ʱһֱ汾˺ӣˡЩ¾ͽˣҲãؼҺúϢ졣
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߬߬ƣǶ˵Իôū澾ð׳ʹѧȻġĲ˵ǡɹӣһǸɲɶµġ˵׳ʹ˶֪ҪˣǲҲ
һ仰û˵꣬ûɵסĿڣü΢΢š
˿ﲻʣ費ҪʶӾҽʦϲͬΪԸΣֻסͷ
ްúˣЩƣȥɣĿƬ̾ûˡԶ԰˰֣ͬʱеĻȻȴϢؼӾ硣
豭ĸҩʱ̫öȥԭޣĲˮֳĵ죬ӳɫȥһĺ


204 СС
ݶѵõʱ⣬ ˰ڣþòͰ׽ͻȸԾǧźĵһ˵˵强
˭֪ۣ ˻ûüأ ҡСһƫƫڴ˿ 
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ǺĻ̿ ģ׵ˣ Լĺӽƽϡ˵ˣҲ֪Ǳô ôӤ˼ô
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Ǿֲ鷨Ҫ졣˵յĴδǹʦǣΪǸ˻ǰ¶Լ汾𣿡
ڼɣȴԵóأΪҵڵЩʦ߳
˼ǡųЩǸԼ¶ܿ⣬ȻԲƲߡ
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죬 îʱ˯˫ۡ
΢У·齸պֵҹİŶ롣
ôδ䣬 ʳָڴᡰꡱ ˵ Ȼָָҡﺨ˯Сһ
֪ԷԼѺӳˣ 㽫ѹøͣôô磬ڲŸյîʱʮ˹ӵ ʱܶˣ˯ɣõʱˡ
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˵öԡ

˵ûȻĸ˫ٰǻҲ޷麢һӡҲڸпҲ̾ϢԲģҪԼ֮õġ
Եգգۣ˺γԣϽΪ֮ˣʮ˹ظǸ񣬸οӻءո˵ģú񡭡
Ļʹ˴סȻûмȴֹⷸ
˳ʱúõģô˻ӽһصӣ


206 ¾
ʮ˹ǡ꺮ʳڣ н򡢳ʳϵϯҲ֮һдӼ
Ͳϲٴ죬һ⡣
׼ĺ֮Ծ һڼݰ ҽ Цˣ Էһ
˵Цˣʮ˹ӵ磬Ҳʽϣ 󲻹ǽѰͷһ۰ˣʲô˵ļӭǰȥΪһơ
ˣɱϾͽȵڡ˼ˣͿϯɡȻǼ磬 ҲؾԺȱǡտȥ°Ȼ ȻӹΪľƣתżλȥ
ǰؾѴ֣֮𺫹 Ȼ鲻 ˬ
ڴУδϳȻʰ׻Ӫάֳ򣬽ƺ˴þ õ ȻĽδ⿪˵Ĺϵлء
ˮ ġСѣ˵߼ЩʳԷ
ʹ֪ϲĳƺȻϾڹϣô˫۾ͶţֻСĽκһ㿴˴ŵⶼпܱ˼Ϊպ
ȷ̫ˣǼ伷һ˿ߣҪǿڵΪ䲼˵ķϣҪͷڵ°ˡѽʱɫӻ谵δȼƶ߲Ҳעɫ
Ϊ磬ûôؽľǲܵߵġ
ǺռмϯλԭӦǶ˻˵λȴżʵԭǲԸģЩϸ֦ĩͷ˻
˵һһףʲôȻڰٰ죬ǰˣλôˣʲôԱߣԼһڷԲʲôߣٿԵ֮ôҲ˵ֻùԹЭá
Ǽ磬ϯ˾֮ǺŸԵĺӣʹǾƣҲһַ󣬲ԷſĲݣ˾ƹѲ죬˵Ц˵ЦΧǷǳгġ
һȴ֪ɵ˺
Ϊ磬ͽСһ˯ˣȻаչˣСһʲôƢҪһԼײߣɲҪ޺ܾã
ԽԽģԥҪҪϯƬ̣ʱİ׳ʹ֪ι뿪Լλ΢΢ϥϣ䲻ʽĹ磬Ҳþ񣬵ֻԳԺȺȣδڹѵζ
˰ڷ׷׽ĿͶҲ̫û˰ɣ֪֮սã͢Խнֹţ˵ļ磬̨ȺҲٰŸˡ׳ʹ˲ӣѹһֱʥģӵŰɣ
δֳ죬ֻһüŶ֪׳ʹʲôõĽ飿
ЪţҶϵĿġʶԸһΪϺλˡ˻һϵǲһ¡
֪׳ʹԽţ˵飬Ҳʶü֡۵ϹӰˣеɾ͸ͨˡ
ֱ׳ʹͤͤվóһʱλľɫ˰һԼָԾؿ۽һǡ
ڽĵɫ͸ɴ˿˿ڻްڣӰ΢⣬ʵϸϸǰˣǹиӷӿ
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ӡУƺδŪ˿ңӦѧİɡ΢΢ǰ㣬Ű׳ʹ˸оζ
׳ʹһһȴϲʤæϸϸشϲ޶ۣϰ࣬Ȼ⣬ֻλǰ׳ˡ˵ţӺڴߣ۾λľ
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ûб̬׳ʹĵĬˣ쿪ʼѡ
˵׳ʹƽӹ֮ǰҲδϰɣʱΪ־ģνʵһ򣬲˹ʦְֽԼգΪԼһײදּѧӣѧ˵ȻǳѧߵˮƽûȻǿֻܹ塢ߣ˿̵龳ǲ
ţɫѿԺͣ£ȴһ̲˲ԾеĵУϸ΢ġɳɳ졣
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뵽⣬̧ǰľ󺧡һɫС߲֪ʱ˰׳ʹļͷ
׳ʹΪسԼıС
Сģߣһʶؾ
֪ǲǱģҲ˼һǷͰ׳ʹйأ乬ЩǻͷƣʱľǰˣƫƫԼͷʲôûС
ͻȻ׳ʹһͣȴµģȻδʶΣԼ֮
˵ʱʱ죬һγ彣ءʣĺâڻ谵ĵһζ
ʱ˽ѷӦ̼˷ϯֳҳһ࡭
ı亹ʪһᵽɤۣȻһ̣һƬв׽˼΢ֳƵߵ鷢ġ
ԭâ̼ðԴߺȻƫͷȥ׼׳ʹĲӾһڣ
׳ʹֻòһʹȴôҲˣһŰ͸ʱϣšˡһ˵زҲ֣֮µµһߡ
ڸˣٹŲ·ܣкӵԼƴ§
һ߻ŹӸߣһ߻ҪӦſĸӣ˵ײײܱߴ󺰡ݡ


207 ๼
ֱǳڣ ҵѲӰ˰׳ʹ⣬ˡ
˼̵ƣ ϸԵڼܱߵشŲѲӡϵ ˰׳ʹʬ
ΣսءĽʡ 쳣ࣺϣ ׳ʹеǡɽС֮˿λڲѪ ʶ
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һԵļźۼƳ׳ʹȻϲɻء
ѵ乬ȺϮԼյľ
ΪҪô
ϮյĿʲô
׳ʹ빬겢ãûԷյɡǧټýյ֣Ŀ˭
Լ ֻǰ
ʱ밢һЩ
Ѳɰ׳ʹְڵ鴵ˣ ɴһȥ߱
ҵĻ˼˼ɽСֶĪϯϣϣϯǷһЩ֮١
˵ϵʬһۣԼҪ󴵵յģϯҲֻһ˴
̫ҽ˼ǣ ׳ʹĵ˶ߣֱ㶵ؿң ɫɷףԸղŷְŵòᡣ
ҴΪӦˡһԵΪɿȺ
⽫񡱶ȥ ˼Զ
㻳ɰ׳ʹԦɱˣ ղң߰ԼҧˣҲ̫˰ɣ˵һЩĹ
׵ƶȣ ȷʵԲȻԣϾˣʲô̼һЩϵľٶҲеġʣǰǷʲô̼Ƕ
ʱڴң˰ν֮Ⲣδʲô
˵꣬Ȼ򣺡᲻ǽĹâԴ󷢣
ôһȻʵһǹҲԣ
Ǹʱ˰졢˾ʧʱĴСУСֵߵȷԼûֻȱ
ԣüͷ΢չǾͶˣӦĴ̼йأʮа-ϰνʱĹͷ켤ߵԡ
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һ۱§ڻ겻ĹӸߣ϶˲СľšҲǣһŲ·οСӡ
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ǣŶӵֽ˽ȴδһԡ
˼׳ʹ״Ҳеû뵽еҲɥĲ񡭡֮֮ĲޡʦСϻۣպҲ⵱ġ
ˣˣ湻µģûشϣֻԷԽô˵Խζ
ڨڨס˿ڣٿ

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ԷŻش̨ӹͲһ澻һ૿ڣΪ룿˲ٰ죬ֻҪԴĶˣҲѸ߶ȥ˻ɡ
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Ŵ˻ЦôӵϣΪͻȻ΢ŮҽΪڳӷճֺ֮ȻʧȤԵԹžౡ顯λϰȴǸѵһĳ֡ˡֻһˣʣµġ˻ҲãҲãֻƺ˴˵ӡǣֻӶѡ
Ĭãǲ̿ģȰο˺οѰգֻҪ͹Ӻúõġ
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๼ô
ĻȻԼȫȻ޹
ӵʦһΪ˻׼̥ҩʱʼѾƫ˹ƫԽԽԶܿءΨһֻ̤һصѪʹȥ

Һ͹еȺֳ֮󣬰׳ʹʬ㱻̧˰
ߵɢɢͽһƬǽ塣
ȷϹ˯һʱ᲻ѣָϻ˴ָֻй˽ɨ̫ҽķԸڱ߽߱ǽǴۻơ
ˣæӭȥôˣôȥСӣｻūǾͺá
˯ˣҹ˵꣬Ȼסһ̨״¡
һ֮ǰ׳ʹɵλãŽűߵĵһȻ֡
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޷ҴӲЩƻһСƬ棬̧ʱմЩĩ֣㿴հٰ磬ҪϯǴɨһ˿ôԵĵط˻ң
ǴĻҳɳ
شΪƫԶľһǵͽǳһβ̵··Ьմϳ
Ƿĩڱᣬһɵ˱ǶȻʲôҳŮӳõۡ
֬ˮ۶ͿϵģŮӸڴ磬˭᱿ֱŵ֬Ūȹ϶ǣ
ңζЩϤȻŹһʱȴ벻


208 Ƽ
ϵı˲Сֻţ һŵûʧɫöز
ȻЩ޵Ұ еĶԹ𡢰һⶼá衱͡Ϊ˶裬 ޣ Զʹɱ֣Ϊ˱ ȫ˼˵
ڰ׳ʹƽӲӵúܣ һп֮̾һĴȣһ¡úã
ͽСɻ
ڰ׳ʹԽԽɵĶ࣬ѽǲ֪ķ״ｻҲ飬 Ȼռķĩ̫٣ûȻ ֻԼǼֲĻ޶ԡ
ҵˣҪĻˣ
˼˳ϣƷ˰죬ջҡҡͷ ʺҡ
Դʮ˹ӳ ﵽ⴩·ıӶɰһֲƣȻͼèҲûָʲô
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˼ȥ Ϊӷһñӡԣ·˵ ӦЩ
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ɥ֮ʣȻԺ֣ˣҼǵһֻʳޣɰµúܣһҲѡ
ūϾȥҶ˽衣˵꣬춯ǰᡣ
ź󣬶˵㽫Լ˿˰
ȡߺУȻ˿һһ磬ǿ˸ףֶԱһţ˿òԼеġǰŵĴϸӶֱ治ܿԼŶôôֱӡ
ʳɫڰ׷ͼʵáϸ˿Ͼµ幤ʮĽɡ
ȵȣšȻ𼸸ǰ乬żȻʰһңʱ߻谵֮Ȼ¾𣬱治Щϡǵõġ
ַ˿ϵ幤һޣѵ˵ֻҡҲģ
Ϊλ⵽Ⱥ׷
ΪͻȻֶߣ
ǶΪֺɲɵسڰ׳ʹϣ
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ǣԭĶأæʵ
˰ɻ󲻽ؿԭȵĴƵòˣ˭ѽ
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оԼƺץסʲôʶذס˫磺ģٺú룬ĴǸң
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Ѳɣʲô
ʱңŪһССεҲº󰢺ǽǰϸϸɨ˲ֹһ飬δʰκζҲ˵յҲڰŪġ
ϯ֮ʣ˭ߣͬƼգ΢Ժ˼·оԼ￴һཥ
ȻĸУʵĸˣܸоֽŶڴȻܡж˴԰æ
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ʱڵϹģҶײײԹ˲ϾһֱŶܣڳһֲֻĸȥ򶨵úܡ˵ʱҽķӦǱѰ˴Щ
޹ģţսЩҲûʲô˼ȥ
շյ˵һֱϣôΨһлߵֻ㡭
ϯͻȻֵĶߡ乬ϮյȺжǰЩ޶׹꣬һеһУ涼ɵ

صʱ׼ţһһʧǵӣ磺ôˣɫôҪū̫ҽߺŮҽƣ
Ļ˼ӻлع۾ָһ˿˰֣¡δ䣬ʲô̧ȥʺ輸߶йصҽҪ졣
ܲ׶ԷôͻȻҽȤˣһͽҪ鼮ͳͳ
ڽⶾƶҽеǱͳҽݣǧĵ伮֮٣Ӻֻ赽
ʱҲûʲôˣԼһ˹˷
ֻ˰ѷȳˣȻڷ⣬⼧ʲôʱö˿Եһʱ
һҽ٣Ǻ¼꾡ȫ棬һʱһм䷢йɽСļء
֮أľ˼֮䣬ͷҿ»á׹ƣ֮Ϊɿءʱ˾񣬰󣬺ԴΪ棬УɽС
̶ʮ֣ȴüľǡΪ»á䡣
Ȼˣšգˣ


209 Ŷ
ʳ֮ ˮᡣ
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żоӨˮ̤Ĳ մʪ˳ȾЬ档
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Զɽϡ 󡭡
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һ˼棬аʮָ쳣ɣ ±㽫õŷֳʮСȵԲ
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ָº͵ĵС֣˵ЩСԲһѹɱƤľСҨЩȰõոհõƤڣ ģ±һֻСã ҨЩ춹ɳһֻݵС
ӸͲס۲־ҪȥСϻ
ϴɾһͺáŶǸСèӣ סЦ ǰһһӡӡ
ӸСӸ߸˳ȥ²ͣƬ̱㽫ʣµȫ꣬ ֽЩС״װ̣ ͬǰԺõһ죬ŷĳﻹҪ֡
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ȥ᲻ԶһͤɡԼĶ㿴˵գǰҽݵǰ
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㣬֮ڵ㣬ֻϣܻͷǰǺеһ֮ˣˣҲŲȥֵطʡԸ˵ģ˵ȽϺáԷ֮ԸһܵףΪƶûƾʵݣԼҲΪһ𰸡
ʹЩǸ뱾£ȴһĺΪĿĲֶ֮ˣʼռԼῴۡ
֮ǼһЦƶ֤ˣ֪ܷýһۣҲýס
۽أŴóһСƬƲڶǰ̯ģȻұƴӷȥܲɣԭĶ汻ѰĻģ壬Բѱֻ轫κһƷԱȶԣһбˮʯ
һܶƽˮȴһ
ǵǰԼ˿ߣԷͿʼԼˡ
뵽⣬Ʒ˿裬ƾǷҷд΢ζӿͬߵ΢Ц˼ȻĿɬ˵֮УֻϹӲŻáܱ˰뱲ӣӲʱ˵£뵽ֻһʱ֮ģ־һȴԼ˽ȥ컯Ūˡ
Ҳǲ˿ϵĪ죬ܵ˶٣˵ȣԼԼӡал㡣˷飬Ҵģл
һЦ򼧵֪ΪҪô˺ڡ
ס漴⻰ƿЦϸȴָΪҪڣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ի̾пһطôһˡ


210 ޿ˡ
˳ ûǰ鷿£ҲδԸĸȪЪţǳȥ˰
쳯г౨ ٲƽ跥ƺ֮ ֣ʿ ֮Ȼң԰׻Ӫͳ췮֪鲻 ۣͬ˶ٻ
һ ʱڳȻ-
ķڲƽЩСȻġ
֮ǰĲǷݹķƻѾ˶Էƹ˶ã˾ҪǷݼƻĸˡ
ȡ֮ ֮ҧסʱǰ
ڷڣ ֮ǰ֪ȥ֣ΪάսʵǶԲƽмӡ
Ǵ಻˼Ͱţٳδ̬ Ϊ鲻Ըţ ׷׹ϡ
һ֮·ȥǰ糯ʱȻһӻ
̧Ĺһսս˰죬ֻ˵˾䡰ڼݰ ⡣
˭˲֪ ղãֻаλܰһ
һ·ſڣ ȴ֪ڣûȽͣȱȲֱӴԸһΪɡ
ȥĶˣ˫ָ΢üͷ
һϲԴӳǼ㲻ο컹꣬Ѿŵʱˣʲôֵ˲ϳԱðţ
ϽػȥҶˣкҪ顣ֻ˲˵ūҲùʡ
գһùԸɡ˦һ䡰Ƕͷߡ
ҴȥıӰûֲԤУܾýʲô·

ͤ⣬衣
ͤڣ
ɰĺ³һƲдˮǡƷһ˿ִʯĶھĬжš
ƽϲĵСʳȴƺĲȤȱȱԷһڶû㽫ʣµĲˮһԼȻ˹ؾٱ
޿̵شãֻһֻ֪࣬Ϊκˡ
ȻЩˮԼ޶乬ն⣬ɰ׳ʹȴıѾá
벻ͨһͨ͸ŮӣһΪԼıλΪıȡλ˵ʲô
ڿȷǰ׳ʹ򣬶еͳͳƸһˣһٲȻǶĸ֮
ɶڲʲôأ
þΣڼֱԱʣȴǧһʴͤеɽ
˿̼Ļ˼Ʒ;ֻӲػ˾䣺徲ڣǸõط
ЦЦÿ֪ʱǱİҪּ֣ͤҲһΪҽģֻ˵ϲҹĺȥ
壬Ǵϻ֮ˣӦȻ׶Էᵽġ˭Ҳʮ˵Щ޷ԼҲó裬Ľ
壿ÿɱ¶ۡ˵ոնЦôʱЦ¶ּѡȿٿƷòѵûּȷǳҡƷòҲرڵŮӺܵĴࣿ
֮㣬Ҳûжţֻû뵽Ṣڻôá˶٣˵㣬֪ڸգѰŮӣصʱԸҲû취¡ľѳۣǵĺӶôˣοȷʵɲء
Ȼ˵ȥˣΪʶԼ˵ˣǴش
˵¶ǾѵΪһλߣٿһ˵
λ˼һ£ԼŰȴίˣ֮ŮĻԼѰ̼ˣΪ˺ӹҲֻʬһ㡣
кʸȥȰ뿪㣬Ա˵ָֻţ
ǸոЩĵģҲô˵һĿ΢΢ʹҲΪ粵ʲôԹֻǣˡԹ޻һӣʵͷ֣ᷢνĺⶼ塣
϶εҡҡͷƺֹҲͰˣ˱ѩҲЩһʶǳնĥѵûзʲô𣿱硭ͷۣ
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԰гɼƽռƣ׺
ûǹģȻ²ߣڼǰվ𣬡װһã֮ȻΪһжԤıѾõġã˴ҳΪˣΪʲô
ΪΣѵΪ˫ȫҽټϺұڰϺһѵõˣ
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ԣѡ㣿޷ţԣ˳ӷգ
ѵ˵ֳʲôʣ
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Ȼصɴ˫ۣôҲŰ˷ָ£
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򼧵ɵĿ⣬˳ǣڶ˻˼ҩʱʧֽ򷭡
ˣҡҡͷʧ֣ǹΪ֮վǲô
ͷͬķְɡ
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ǽҩгࣿ˿һƬȻЩΪζԸ֪Щˡ
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ԶļڽԶԣʱֻЩԹЩصĻ⣺Ȼأ
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ԣ㾿ʲôһŽֻ˳ŶԷĻеһ䡣
ҲûʲôһɷƵ·˵һ飬ɽС֮ΪƳһ˷ҩٽɶ˻֮ι̫󡣷̫ҩһ̷ԸТ˳ϱȥ
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ˣȻ߰θߣʪۿ㵽ڻΪֻ˰׳ʹһ𣿲ԶԶֹ㺦˰ĸ󣬺˿ģǲ㺦˷գ׿ЩҲ޿ˡ
ǰ֮˼ᣬ൭ȻЦţ۽ȴˣǶľ֣ǲϵĶעѽһʼҾúԸķ䣬ˡˣ˵Ҷ˵ˡµ֤֤ڣ֪ôδң
꽥ͣˣתͤ⣬ʪ˿
ʱˣ߶׼СӦҲ˰ɡ
̾˿Ķвݵǰûʲôֻ֤Ҹñʱüı߽ϣ̿Ѭ֮׽㻰ġ
һƬ̺󣬾ܻЦõǸ㲻а
ˡȽĵˮ©Щֻϲ̨ĵСˡ
ˣŪеԵɣȴ顣
˵öԣԣϣԼʲô֪
νˡԳ޹ʹسʵ
Ȼ䣬ٿȻԱ֮ˣȻνˡ


211 ܾ
ԭ˵˷㣬 ȴԼУɣֻǰˣ ȻôҲû뵽ͤżȻ˵ĶԻ Ӷе֪˵굼¿ԭ
ԭ㡭ѹ֣ ĸĲõ˿ƣ ѾתΪҩ֮ͻȻԴ󷢡ԭҩ¶Ŷ˫ ĿǴ̹Ǻ⡣
һƣС棬ܶʱ˾ĶƲЩѪʩֶΣʵԴеŮӣ ǺмӣʹЩģ Ҳۻǿ
-ۡƽ⣬̸жϲȷʵԼ֪ˣЩԿ˵ ȴԸߡټϳĿģ ˵һǷ֮ⶼûǲܵģˣЩһֱھֲһֱΪԼ㹻ˣ Զĳ ûԼİбӻٲ Ҳйðȡ
ֻû뵽һͨ͸ŮӣȻĸ¶֣
ôú⣿ЦһɱӶϴ˿ЩʲôҲ²¡ҶЫĳ
ս΢΢ҪʲôϾǰĸǰҲˣǴ˶Էĵߡ
ɣٷæת֮䣬ʢŭ֮һɱ˶Ψֶ鼱֮ʲôΪþøӸˮա
һ仰δ˵꣬Ȼһ飬ͷԼܶˡ
Ƶջ֣һ˿ϸڼı΢⡣
ҪʲôսеĽɱˣԷǧٻء
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ʱ׶Ϊλ˵νˣԭԷɱڵĴ㣬Է֮Բδ̳ԼΪ˽ԼЮư
ԩͷծб³ʼյ޹ġס񣬴˳ĬʾԼңϾڶԷС
޹ģأһֿżļһֻһóһںڡŹ·ĳѣŽڼľǰ
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⣬ѾΪò
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ŵľǡϷԡĸ֡˵󲻾ĻΪóıǷ곡Ϸˡ
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ȴöЩ֮ʣһʯӻжԷ֡
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ҩЧû߲ԶġߡıȥǰԮȣԼĴٲûо
һڻؾ˵ʲôأҲ˭㰡
һ漴鲻ԽСʱİҲ˿˵ͬĻһʱ䣬ʱݣ
ȥͤܱһһ̡ṦҺãָЩͳȥˣｻҡ䣬ʮСС߱նɼأѪζʱƮɢ
ͤӵƽϸߣ滹̨ףԳȺƶٶȡ
ͷ΢ɲһЦġ
ͤڣȺҲᣬȻ̨ʱȻԤһٶ֮෴Ӹ¼ϳ֣ȻȺӴһȥҲܿɱһƬ
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˱仯ϽСķб䣬֪Ҫʹʲô
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ѵ
ǵùйƼأ䲻֪ɽСûͺۣʮа-ˡ
뵽Ŀһݣһֱǳߵߴ硭
лҪ˵
ؤС糡
磺Ҫһ
㣺
ҡ˵ˡ
˼һȥ


212 
еġء顪طһ죬 ۾Ӳޱȣ΢΢飬Ľȴδֺ
һɣ 齣ط û뵽˷ ǰӾֱǰһܣ գ۵Ĺס˽
ٸһʶ뽫˦ ȻȴԽԽ˦ѲãƵƬ뽣໥ĦĹŹ졭Ҫǣֲ֮ʣ ССĶ߷ӵ̨ף
ǰһжˣƽ ȫԺͰ໥Эͬ˵УԼվŶѾ˵ˡ
ָٿһЩԼʩչṦ ҲͲ˿۰
ۿѾкüεĽűߣ 鼱֮¸飬һơ
߶
ȻеĺרעԦĶһ ˫ٿ
߶
߶ô
ֹͣ ȺҲ˶ݵĻҡ
תӰ涣 ȴһˡ
էһںӸߣҲˡ
ҪǹӸ߱ˣǿǺã
ͷһȴѸײڶץһСߣ䲻˹ȥ
Ȼ˶Էͼ´𣬸˵ҪδȴΪʱ
ջȴһӭ泯ԼŲӸеʪ⡭С߱صӵ˶ϣʹ֮³ڱһſ죬ϸĶ˲̴Ƥ
ס죬סһ۾ؿŶһɫѸٱϿɲΡΡվƬ̣֧Ųסعǰ֮䡣
û˵ָʼ˺ҧͬ࣬Ⱥܿ˻ҡ
ɽСͿ涾֮ףοĶԡ
ڹ壬߶ѸҲκ
˫Ƕˡȷе˵ķַػ½󡭡
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ģŮĻ̫֣ҡҡͷɲ
ոһðգĵǶԺΪأȻ޷϶ûкУǻ᲻ʹʲôٶˡ
ԼȡһȴǰҲذ֮κһһֻżһֻδ֯õϻż
ϢٵĶȴƴ۾ѵؽ־ϸ´ӦΪ߶ż߶ϲСϻͷñͷЬСƽԵĵĶϻģ
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סԼ죬˳մŴŵ䣬ȫ뵽ݱ뵽ԼҶʣȴϾ·
ԼӲҪѰһ࣬ڹаȻȹ
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ˣ㰲ĵȥɡ˶˵
ıԣʵҵŮµ󡢵˾ҲЭ沨ΨһǣסġҲֻкˣԼ˶ԷΨһܾط
òϣһԼԼ޳ܣֻô統ֻôһ
ڸ߶ǻúչˡϤĽ̵ϾҲĺӡ
ȻȥƽջϣӳһʪĵϣŲżش£һˮ۽ǣ˫ĿıպϢػ䣬һ˿ǳЦ⡭

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ĵӸߣССͱûĸףȻĸ׷ΪкãϵİٶһӶվ塣£Ӹ߾˭ȻǸ⡣
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ǵСžһ˳ӷգٽչ鼺ǻ˵ãңҲΪĻԱ˵ĺӶá
ū澾ãùٺòˡϸ糾ѧֶ࣬ҪĵһܵõܺõĽͥԺſڣһߵͷ߻һ뼧졣
ᵽʹҵҲ롭޷֣˼ҺҲδԸ⡣
˼ð죬˿ǰһλֵ°Ϊϵʮ˹ӣô谮Ҳøһλˡ
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ΪιСˣȴٳûв˼
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ÿնƵ˯ʱһ۾ﶼǶǰӣҹշת࣬ߣʵûȥǱˡ

պ󣬶ɥھС
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ǺãҪôȥ۾ҪϹˡΪᣬĿһȦסתʵôҪӣô˵Ͳأɷͷȥһ£
һطüĿȻû̷϶꣬ϸƣǻݶҲġЩ죬ŶûúùҲ´˼ˡΪ忼ǣܶൣൣЩ
Ŵˣҡͷ̾಻ٶԡ
Ψһ˰ȭͷ˿вЩŭΪеƽڿӦƴӸߣɥ񶼲ðͷίʵĺ
ƣްźͬѨᣬƷĺŮڰ֮һꡣˣʶ⽫֮ذϷλãϣȪ֮¿Իң
ʱǰ΢·óһϻżĬĬݸѿ޵ĹӸߡ
żӸһ۱ϳĸ׵Ķֹ̧ͣ޺СɻؿǰüĿ续Ůӣǡ
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ĸѾ
ӵķֻǱϵǣô㣬뿪㣿
Ժ󡭡ټĸ𣿡Ӹ߳ҭţȦֺˡ
ġСϻżŽԷģҪˣȥ㡣
ʱˣһȥĸһ̰ɡȥӸ۽ǵĲᣬǣСѡ
⣬ͤڣŽнԶ飬þδһ
лҪ˵
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213 ٱ
һعͿԼԷŲ˹Ķӣ ԭȱϯģ˿̼һûûεӣ˼ͬˣ Щð Źŵ˲١
ϲ裬 ظоղ̫ԣ ǽʽӱ˳ȥ
ֻʣǶˣɫ졭Ϊû㣿
ʱ״ìܣ ҪԼһͣ־ʵѾûнͲôҪˡ
ȥΣ𣬾صĹɥҲ˿ġΣ ڶ˶
㲻ȥ޷Ϊ㲻ң㣬Բ ǵĺӡ
˵öԣҾǲԣԣ̲סϼĻһȫҵĴҶҲΪΪΪΪΪӣҲף𣿣
˿̱ȴͬʱ͸ãȻ޴ ֻ᣺ Ҳûָ˼ҲҪ˭Ĵˣ㲻֣Ҳöٹ˼һ¸߶ĸܣ ǿ⣡ֻԼһζӱܣ Ͳ˺ӵ𣿣
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Ͷ֮࣬ˡͶС֮²Żͺˣǲȴûϵһ˵ԼĲǡ
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ֱԷĽŲԶˣһʧתȴʲôҲû˵Ҳδȥ׷ȥ
۰Լ˿ҪĪ侲
ΪԷϵɽ»㾡Уȴδ㹻˴ˡ
޷һĹȥӭȡֺã簢ЩԶ޷ػλ˼һ

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216 һ֮ŵ
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һѲĴ룿˵ΪһˣԼͻᱳҲТأ࣬ϻӹշתʳ龫ǣͼѰͼֿ֮ҵһ˿תһϣǡһеľõ㸲ûֻʱ⡣οϺϣίȫһ̣Ѿ御Ƕȴʲ壬СӵҪЮΪСӣҲһζˣ
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Цƽֹ̨Ա---ңΪһ֮Ҫ֪ʷ ǻòͷˣ
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ȷѾݲȵؼ֧ι״İȻխȡһ׸·һбȻ˳ԷӯĲûд졣
Ϸʱ̿˳ժĺڽ¶һ忡ĿüĿÿ֡Ǿ

ҹףϸϸ
Щǵ΢͸ɴڡ
լӵѺʬڵءĿԶһصСһ-
Ů˵Ľ˵ĴϢһ𣬲ʱĸO@춯ްҹɫڸǣҹ綼Ⱥģ͸һѪŵ궯
ʱŮͻȻڣڴס
ϻǣĶף˻û˾ͱ˲ȻЩ΢ŲŲѹ
ŮûƿԴ㺹شӲݵһص·﷭ԼĶǶ
Աߵ˳һչԱӵס׶Էոǳ˶Ե÷˵ҵСĸζﲻˣ
Ů˫ˮԱһۣȥȴǺߴգһ飺Լúÿʲôʱˣ
˵ţͷˣԼʼһ·
Ůǰ׸Żƽ̨ɵλС檡飻ԵˣǸϵ˴׳
˵׸ڳǽ˽լƽҲǽʳţϾڶ࣬Ҫϵ⣬ⲻ˾ࡣ
ò绨Ȼ󲿷ȴڶؿշլҲֻһ˴׳ʱһĹ¼ſ飬ڴ׳ơţ˾ĵȥˡ
ӦǾ䡰߳࣬īߺڡ˰׸ʱ䣬ĲСĽѧһ㲻
׸ڣԶҲʹ׳Լҷ£ôʱδκ˿
׸磬Ҳƶ˻ŴӦ׳á
˭֪Щ˶һԣƵûûˣһȥ͡ˡ
ŸչʱĻôû׼극ֺȻȥˣ׳һ-㣬һ߶߶š
죡һţϵĲҶŤСͷߡ
׳˾䡰СӡϽϡ
˹èլԺΧһӣһƬ
׳͵˵ôɣ㼱ʲô
һۣ漴Žݡ
լﾲĵģȷˡҲƣһǰһ󴩹á
ǰСԺ͵˵ԷˣԴ׳һ֣ôߣҪ˯ˡ
϶ҹزһ˯ôãĴû˯׳ЦסԷˮ޹ǵָղܡ
ԾԾ׼ᱧ𣬲ϻеŮ˺Ȼɫ˳ڣûŵһζ
ʵʲŶݾŵˣֻǺ΢û⡣
׳Щʹ˼ҲԾˣζ
ȷе˵Ѫζ
ңԽζԽŨ
׳ȡֲ̨ĵ˳ֳ˸ľ˫ֽץ½ǣСسԷ
ſڣȴã˭Ҳȿš
ִ䣬⧲׳һ£ǰһˣײ˷ţ֮ӳıһɫҡԼǽ죡
һ̣Ů˵ļдŵҹ
лҪ˵
ڰõİ׸Ҫһ椻سǽլӣȥ
ֻڵϲĴ׳ϱȥϺݣȥ
͵ľһ峺ɽȪˮϴ۾ʹϴ
==


218 ӵ
ʮ˹ӵİ磬 ǰ¾һòݲճⶣڸ˾˴ΰذ¡Щ䲻ٳκβӡ
 ôҹԼյչ˺࣬ ЩЪϢ еæź ߴٰطϢ
ôУ˺СӲǣǧˡ
ЩӶڴӣ ˡЦȥ˯ɣ컹Ҫָء
룬ҲеСڴЩ ҲԽճǻôˡǣ ܷĵüӹӣԼˣ˷š
СһﱧڻһС˹Ķ˺һ
ѩɰЦ ̲סͷ˲۵ССһѽѽС֣ ׽סԼգ·ôҲ
ʱˣϽСһ˯ ŷŵҡ
ҪˡԺ ҪĻͫӳӵ˯գڵ˲ȴȻĿɬ ʪۿ
æ̧ᣬӣԼСӷŽӵȻǰռõұϡ
˱رԼһЩϸ֮⣬ֻǸľͷӡ
ֳħצԽԽѽΨһ֮Զع
ֻҪߣȼƻʵʩ޴̸ֳҲ޷ðͺвԼ
ֳҪҪӺĺӣҲȻҪðܴķաĴۡƽ̨Ӳòʧ֮¡
ǼΨһһ·⼸˼ǵĽ
ռƻҹҪ빬뾣ϡ׸ٲ
뵽⣬ȡºӵһ̥СطŽ½󣬽Ż˷ڵֻһյ̶̨̧ȥ
һͷһҡ˯СС˶Լһ̲סҲ߲ˡ
ҲǱոյĶŵѳ˯ȥСһȻգգԲ۾һͷȴĸ׵ıӰ
ĸĵԵʣСһ·ӦһƲ۴
ӵĿʱŲһ٣л㱼ѲۻطȴδһСӴϱԼİһģ˶ԷĻ˯Ѩ
ʹ絶Ҳʧȥǡ
һ˯ǳҾЪڸڣɺ޲ֹԼûü㱻ˡ
һЧСˣ˯˹ȥǼȴס档
ȻֻᣬεתĳȻȻ

һ౨̧ǰ
̽ͷ̨ϣоȼ
Ըߴʱǡó֣һѼӡ
֪Ҫʲô˻֣˾䡰ʱˡ
ϵĻϵʱˡԸ΢΢ף鹧  ҹ紵һ϶΢΢ʪŽŨҹɫڡ
£Ƴ۴⣺ô
ǡԸʵ֪Ͻҹںδ
վǰ磬ҹӦڰЪϢ
ǲ֪ԸڵݻԼȻգҡҡͷˣڸȪɡ
ƽչ˺ͣôˣĪȥߡ
˼İ磬ǲԾ΢
˾Ϊʮ˹˼Ԣϼѵռʱϣɾѡᣬ˽ﻹϣõѡ
ҪÿȰǼǰ֪ᵤһΪһ
ǵǳǳЦ⣬һóʥԸȻ漴˷̾ϴ£һͨæµԲᡣ

سʱҹʱ֣δͣЪ
Լĵص㣬ԾؿվУĿɢɫ㱣æǰеɡԷ
ĺعǿ˰֣޷һɣѡ
ԽѣԽ
Խʹ飬Խýѡ
ΣΣһʱ͸͸ǧٿ׵ġ
ⳡ꽽һ죬һľţһʹĸ
֪ﲻùڶԷʱ뵽Ľ˿ԼΨһģ꣬໤
ԸѾ׵׸Ҳԭֻع׷ȥһȻˮɡ
䣬ȴҡҡͷұ֯˾ĸӽҲǻƽ̨ˣҲôƺҡ
򴽣һԲ
ƽ̨𱰷֮һֱԡ͡¡ƣʵڲ֪ȴԭݣָγƺԷ
ȻЦһǿʮ־񣺡ղ˺ܾãΪʲôһ䵽أģĸӷ롭ţͼһЩ˺һЩ£ףԭһжǱӦ
ȫȫ⡢޹˼ɣȴơĸӸ顭ʲôģǿķǱԼƿģ˱˵ĸ飬ϲҲͷңȥԶԼĺӡһУҾȡ
ⲻĴڣֹĥԼǱͷͬӪ˲Ϊ𣬸ο㲢ΪΪԴ֮󣬴δһԲ¡أʮ»̥֮ʱǿ㣬-֮٣ֹұʹᣬ֮ʰüģڲСһɥȪ϶һ˻ʲôֵģͲô
ֵãĻ˫ڵ÷㲻ʲôˣȴϴõˡһҴӲڡֻǡݸ˵ģҺͲʡǶΪԷȥȴΪԷɶԷҪӡԣˡ
ûˡ
˵Ķԣһľ֡
عʵҲȫܸвȣԼҲһѣһĴԷĿܵȵྡһ졣ĽҲ޷ǰԼעȥ
û뵽ôңԼĺӶ˽ȥ棬̯˫ֱ㶵Լģʣﲻɾ䣬ڵңѾ׵һˡ
ˡˣһԶȥӵһȴͬˮָϸɳվղˣҲס
ɣһգͷȻһС
˫һ˲ʧһҪԵڱۼֿؽס
һ̣ɡһбֽɡе䣬תʪˮݱߡ
ưôУڽаתǧص˶ӵ뻳
ֻǾӵûе-컷£һ˿һҲûУһ羣ĸ飬侲ơ
ʹһǻ飬ҲδФ
Ȼ˿̣ȴ籡ĳ嶯Ի֮˵㻹ҡһԸһĸ㡱ǣվ˵
еĸɽֹ֮ܳΣ
꣬ġ
ϣ֡
ԶһֻۣΪؾѪܵһչ˳ȥ
ɽ·ָúȥδӣ
˴̡ ꡪ
лҪ˵
žˣôľʼأҲⱾһ


219 Ը
 ΢¶
δȫ֮ʱԸ߱Ѵ룬վһ˸ߵͭǰһ˿ϵ޺ۡ¹ڣ ֮ ȴҲ󻧣 ȻС֪ѭ
Ȼ޳ ˻̣ԷҲ һҹ֮һλ˼ҵĹӸΪͷĽлӣּշתˋġ޺¥ԴˣԸߵ͡ӡʳԵ
ȻҲûʲôõģЩν˾ӡɵʲô³Τ 겻ν߳ơݺһȴǡǡһʱĸ֮ʣ չһ
ԣʵɵ졣
ֻų֮ô˭
װݴ׵ Ը׼Ʋݣ ʱͷȻһɧһʮ׵ڣҲʿΧ լļҶ۱Źһأ ߽ԼŵһԶɸ ֪¡
һϳǽװԸƣȴԵظҾλֵôһٺᣬ֪кιɣ
ǲǷ£ԸɡΪ׵ͳޱ飬ʱҲκ

Ը߾ֱѺΣû뵽⸺ֵĵ
ūżϡѺԸߵֻؽηδعһ
Ըߣ֪תϲϲֻüƽո
ȻԸȴһƬԼ˼ֲһȻһ·϶ûȻ֪ԼЩ鷳ǲС鷳
ū޶ۣ֪¡
Ц漴һöι״Կ׵ӵϥԡ
Ը߹Ž̲סѿڶٺϳס
ٺϳס˼壬䳣ᵽԿףݴ۶ôصĻذ׾ٴ򿪡ĹĿǰֻ鱨ŵļǸУԸҲһѡ
ǰһλղڼбɱȴһδʬԿס΢ͣ٣Էɫֺ۵ף˼ĻںͷͷСǻƽ̨ĸ֮һ
ˣԸڷӦԭڻ
⡮ٺϳסȷūŵĶӵԿ׵˲ֻūһοǸʲôūʲô֪˵ʶˡԸ߼æ粵ʱ˽⵽ôһ£ĻȻеһͷˮǣ³ç֮ˣϲƾһץˡ
Ȼ䣬ηڼֻĲӬԿϡ
Ըɫ䡭֪ԿɱȻմѪʹѪȥµζҲղɢӬ档
Էɫ仯۵ףеٲȻ˶·ľʧ롣
˹شóһѪ߰ߵĲЦЦصݵԸǰԼúÿɡ
Ը߽ӹǿȾѪĲɵش򿪣ֻһ۱󾪣ڼﲻɾ䣺ݡ⣬ǹݣ
ǿ鲼¼ĶǱعĻƽ̨ϸǱݣоͰԸߡ
Ŷ㵹˵˵˭ݵ㣿Ȼ˾ϲ⣬Ϊβ߹ߵŹǣȴƫƫȥݺССг
Ըƿԣȴǵ鰸ӵĹԱλ׸Ϸֵģֻ֡дһǿʲôáҪ֮ŵζ죬һ֤ܾܿͱˡˣ⡮дӦòİ껹㽫Ƶīˮṩ˵أ
ǰϦôīˮϴݴ۸ĳţ֪طҪԱȡϵ
ʵһΪ֤֪īˮֻԸߣҲˣʼǰԼһġһϥɵūűоģֳūҲֻ˶Ŀˡ
˵ƽ̨ĳԱһѣӵĺǣҲѲ˱ʬελ׸õӣ׼ҴͶˣϧȻһӦ˱ĵһݴֻôҲû뵽ü΢΢ƮƮģһŭ򲻸ˣǻһĨЦ
Ը˽ԽǿŭԽ֤ɱ
ǵģϣԸǿ򶨣ͷȴð˶亹˲ūɱģҲαģūŲ˵Լ緮ξǰ൨Ŀɼ£ūӵеһжϴģĵӣҲ˵ȱ֮£
ϵЦ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬һ֮˵ؿڣԸ߰ԸߣʲôʸڹǰڣҲȣþôģ
Ը߱ߵǳмεϹ˼ûἰʹһ£ʱġ⡱һ
̤ǰ̧Է֣ôˣ㵱Ϊ޷ô
ǽڴλ촫Ըƺһ£ǿָʹŶԷЬĽȷū滻ģݺʹ֮µȷūΪ˲ūɱ
ԷĻķŭ뱩壺ô޷÷ڶԹʧӶߣùʧȥұۡ
ǡԸ߲ûзϣξܳڣãһֱߣūű޳ͷ֮աūûıʹȷʵū޹ţ
𣿿ɵʱ⽫·ص㣬ùۿͷڵִ֪ףδ¹˶ȱҲĻ䣬һĿıﵽˡ
Ըʹƴҡͷϣūž޴⣡Ƕɺϣ
Ʋҵ֮ˣԸߴʱڽƱ磬ؽһߣôɺϣΪôй¶ȥ
ʢŭ֮³ּݣԸ߱߳ˣ˿Ѫſڵϰ
Ը߰Ļڹǰáһķϣ˿Ըʹ졭˵ɣʲôԸܿǿǡ
塢䡢֮ųƵǳӣѣ֪Ը㲻ϳӣ硰ūšԳһֻΪūΪ͡ԣ֮ʲôֻӺūŵĹϵ
Ը߿˼ſڵϻ˺һ󣬲ɳɤӿڣʥϸ룬ūΪҪôūкκô
һЦܸģȻǹ˸ˣ߲ġ
ԸűߣΡΡ֣ūڴˣԸġδ٣ΥģزúӾ
һҸ嵨ԸƣЬⶥԸߵ°ͣΪ֤ô˱⡣ţͲˡ
һԸ˫ĿΪԷҪļ˶֡룬ɼҺҲֻһŮ
׼ΪŮ飬˭֪ĻεѣˣȥʩԸ̡
̡
Ը˫ʧ𾪵Ըӣֱ佫ԼŷӦԵʲôԸ˽Ȼ˵һԼ㱣סˡ
ӣĥȻٲˣϾūݺ֤ɽӣһ塣
ȻԸ뵽Ȼ̷ţȴֻǹû
뵽⣬ЦԭˡµãȻҲȫŪˡ
Ⲽ֣͵Կףɱ˰׸ߵϡ˳£ٿĪ硣
˭ǲ֮ˣԶ׼

Ը}}ֿ죬Ȼմһ˿ѪĨЦԹ죺ūⱲӼɫɫģȴλųƵɱ˲Ѫϧңȴ֪δУһհǰ˺˽顣ūŸҶԣϵĽɽ𢡢صǧҵڴ
һͲ´ŭˣ˵ԸԷŭ֮¸Լһʹ졣
Ը߹Ȼ̰˲˹ع
Ŵԣŵüæϴקȥ
ԣĬһԺԻصԸЩԼһĨɭЦþƲеư߬


220 Ұ
гعٳϵľ ΪԸ߶ôλȨأʵгϲΪнгﻮŵĻʵӹڸ߹سĲţ Ը߸ߵĺˣ ˭Ҳû뵽˸³
ͬΪ޲ֳƿ죬 Ͼ˭ҲԸһ˫۾
ǰ󹬱ͽ Ϣܿ첻ֶߣ֮ͬʱ ʮ˹ӵĸǸסڰŮӺȻ˼Ѳ˸档
ѹѹס
ܼ򵥣ƽ޹˸ˣ Ҿڴ˺󲻾ãԸˣ ˵ûйϵ˭أ
ĵԸ밢λǱϸһŽ볯ãһûǱ󹬡ֻֽվסٻϷҲӲϵķۡ
 ˵Ը߶ˣ أ𣿡
ôܣعô󣬷ôɭϣһ˵ܾܵģҿӦҲץˣ û׼Ѿܴˡ
ģ
ȻġԸصôڳˣ أ
ѽ˵ˡ룬 Ҷú£Һʱûλʲô
˻ڣһãÿʱܻ˽
Ķ֮ļӣĬĬ˵ĺҲ²⣬ȻϿʲôʵͰϲѡ
ܳʲôԵɣ۵ˣڲó쿴ĻԼˡǸСģǲΪǡ
׻˵˷ϲ¾ˬһɤƽ˲٣ټλǰǷθʮ˹һ¡ʮ˹ĸشҶ֪ˣνĸΪĸΪûĸףֻ뺶ϲˣҲͲӵˣ಻ڹСϵĹѪܲɡ
ôһ˵ղŻС۵Ĭ
һ˵΢ĺӲܵõϵĴ࣬෴ֻۡĽָˣڼڣԼǵҲ͸ŵͷˡ
Ůһ˾Ƶģ˭ԸԿȻҲԸġ
ϳʹһվԸʮ˹ӣ缺
λϳʹͲȿС٣ǵһ빬ĺ֮һֻǰһֱλҲһֱ᲻ȥʱӣǳʲô֮ģô궼ܳ裬Ժɫ˥͸ûָˣϡ
ЦЦǲסδȻ֪ӵļѴοôСĺӣǿĲá䲻ȲáиʲôʧϹҶ𡣡
ϳʹƿԣֻڨڨ˻صԼλϡ
ʱڵ䲻ţЩ꣬ҲһһŮչ˺ӣЩĵãʮ˹ӡ
˵ϳʹΪԼ°뱲Ӵ㣬ôôȫΪĸߵĴȱ벻̡ЩĿһеӤͳȥ
̾˿ϺӣӵȷḻѾһ˫ŮټϹӸҲ㸧ˣֻҲɡ
ӻ˵Щʲôһ̧ͷȴײһ˲ʲôˡ
ûĲУҲУⲻ͵ڸˡֻͳ˭֣ܽ˭ִˣǸԡ
֮ǰЩҲЩûʵĳ滰ܿܲı⣬תϵ˼
ӲԸӲܣҲûǸʵ֮ӲܣʶȤѡ
һλԸأһʮ˹ɽʽһҲ޹ա
ĶԴ˺⣬һӱͲڹôΪͬʱΪΪ
ãˣ
Ҳûвյĵλˣ

δԣĽƺԤϡ
޲Ҳֻ̬һ԰Ϊ˲ˮǳµƵ滨۲裬ҳʡ
һڣĲɵ˵˾䣺࣬˷۷Ĳ񣬶ζˡ
һ漴һ˿ǿЦΪơ
ˣ鷳˵꣬ߣ֮⡣
æĿͶԷڼݶȥ⽥ðԹƽ
صڣǱĵõĲܿ˸͸
Ķǲյճյ˰죬ͻȻ̧һɨµı̲˲䡰һء

䣬ȥ˰
ȷе˵֪ôģߵ
޵ŵƣõվ⣬ȲȥҲ뿪ֻǾ⡣
ʮǰطϲ޴˴ֻΪĶʱи֮֮򣬵ΪңһǰҲӭڵĵƻ̤صǹ⣬Ļϲǣ˵֣Ϊҡĵطȥ
Ȼ˿̣ȴ֪룬֪Լȥ
ƭϴһƭ֡
ͬǣʱѲһǰ֪ԼƭʱԹ벻ޣֻǵʧ䡣ΪԼ׼ֻԼڸѾľжڴˡ
أϴӤĿʹⲽ룬ʶԼʲôʱƿ˵š
޵һɣÿԴɨһȾźһȥһţ޲ޡϾͰˣ˾ͿԺˡ
ؿţδԡһתǰ֮ˣҪȴŸ첲ֹǶڣ
ͷū½Ը˾ְ˿
˻Ϊɢأû뵽ǵġĿӺСҡϵĲ˹ģһȴַŻر
ū澺͵µȻڣСӲûչˣūǲδյǲ𴦵ĵְأΪʧְʵʵ˵
˼Ƭ̧̧̣֣ȥ
֪ҹԵʣ쳣塣
һȹŮһСԣﲻʱɢ˿˿Ƶ㣬ź򵤶ͷĹŮ
ڸոհ˵Ӻȣɵüﲻĸ𣿡
εū澲ûҹĸֻһʮ˹ӣΨֱ֮˵
˵ʲô
˵ǹϿڹУպҲܴǻ˵Լ鷳ūԺūܣãȻ˱Ÿˣλ֣⼸ԭķͣˣҺð˲ְ࣬ЩΣǿաʼһΪ졣
ϲڱ˵״ֻ뵽ǼԼţСӶܾۣƽ˵ⳤġЩ˺ģ
ǲ֪׸֮ͽȴѹδ뵽⾰
δ͵̬ȣ¼Ӿ˷ȻҽĹ۸ˡ
뵽⣬һ˿Ц˫Ⱦ⣺ǹ˵ĹѪЩūȴӹ˵ĺΪ鷳ǵ۾ҲˡȻûãȥ˰ɡ˵ű㴫ȥ˽ᵽǼ۵Ĺȥ˫ۣͶаűĸǰ
У֮ж˿ˮ
§źӣɫס
֪֪ʵ鶨ŭЩҲίʵЩǰٰӳѵҲ˭֪Ľ
ʹĻ̿ѰȻźӣջǱֳĬ
Լ˵ģԼкɡк飿
ʲôƢԼȰ˵ģ
ʱ°ŵĸѾλ
ոսӽĸ֣֮ȴһߣˣֻ֪а֪δ
ūūˣڴԭˮݶӣսʧɢշתԵɺ֮µԽԼδ񵱳Լ˵ϸֻǼ򵥳һ飬׶ԷΪҪ
ϸϸŰգδϸµŮüĿ䡢θŲԭ˵ķˡ
һαһ˵ֱضţͷֱģֲֻ֪Ķ顣
ΣڷūҲѹǶ㡮㣬Ըչʮ˹ֱꣿ
ūǹ˾ȵģСǹϵĺӣۺʱεأֻҪū澻һ죬ỤСһ졣䲻ϵǺ⣬˿̰ȼһ˿ϣ֮
ȻЩԣ̬һֱգ޴֪ҲҴ⣬֪ԷζԴӣԷոһϵеľٴȴϣ
ѪŨˮġϲܶԼ֮ˣͬ˵ʧҲһ˵顣
ȻڴʱȻ˫֣ذסļ
ͻĶ©˰ģһ̧۱ײ⣬ԭҹȼĴԴ𣬳ص
ǰƬ΢΢ϣͬʱߴԷͳȴԵĪƻɤˣ˱պΪʹްɡ
лҪ˵
ҷģɶҲû


221 
ĺ ʱԵȡȴģǽ²¡
һһŮ߽ܱߵһ˼ȵĿڣ»һ֮ ſڹ¯ߴĻƣ ָԱߵ¯
⻹סꡭСԼĪʮ꣬ ̰ܳ˯ͣ ʻֻ˸ǷƤҲ̧
˿ͬеŮӣ ȴŮ˸ȣ⡣
˿ֻԷͶޣƸǾһָ˸򣺡ԵĶֳɵģ Լá
ſȸ᲻𾢡Ҳȫ ˴Ǯᣬ˵ֻ˭ó⿪ֱֹ⾰֧·̯㲻û⣬ ȻһµĿ˼¥һġҪ˻ң ͸ҵˡ
ⲻǰʱ߲ͣã֪ôͻȻֽˣٸץˣ ҳſٱ ˶Ҫܺü̲飬һﲻԶ˵ץߣ ŪĻ̡̻һߵĿ̱ԽԽ٣ǼҵҲԽԽˡ
˳ָķȥȴֻƼϵĸߣµضһ𣬿ȥǷ˲ʱա
΢΢üͳһǮԷǰһģ֪ɷЩʳʳǮ⡣
Ǯ໥Ĵ̽СƵ˯ɢһ̧ۣǰüĿ⾼һ²ȴƷˡ
ƽӭǱͬ˼ʶһЩȻôû忡׿ףһʱôˡ
ʱԱߵŮͻȻԣСŻع˳ǮѸУУȥ׼
˵̲סһͷֻԵŮòʳȻɫ԰ס㲣˲
ǿ˵лѰ˴ȽƫλãŮֽľ̹ΪԷȲ衭δԣ޲ϸ΢
ʮа-һԶСޡСƿһвһ߸̾ɲŮòԽԽ䣡
ҪԼԺȢϱһҲͺˣ
⼸¶ޣһֱãΪνڴˣѹɤ
СȲ裬Ůӵɫȥȸղ΢Щȴҡҡͷ̫ջǹٱصѲǲɴ⡣
ȥ塭
纮ѡ֪ΪҿǡңҲû¶ݵŮǼǰ빬ļȻеľˡ
ҹܳѹ߰գմǰĹ滮ţʱǶѳһֱڳŸ̻ȥԵɣȻʹǣҲԡ
աաֻҪȷһаãҾ뿪δ԰ݵ͸΢΢ˮ⡣
Ǽӣֻ̾ϢӦ¡
һڰ
ǽĿªνһĳʳҲ޷ȺһЩˡ
СһȥμˮģľͰһϣ̳ʱģĻһ硣
ɫŨȴѹǣǡô㶯ȸʢһ룺Ҫٺһ㡣
ǿЩ⣬ʵûʲôθڣ뿪عҹ꣬ž͵˷纮ȻֱҲûȬ
Ϊ˼ﰮԵĲˣȻΪԼʢһ׷ò͡
Ĺҹ֡Ī⣬лڰһٷ
ŷʱӹ֮˵Ĳգͨ׳˼ֲһ𡭡
أŵ˷ִִǹع̧ͷ
ٵģ϶ǼٵģϺ󹬼ڶ࣬ʲô˶ûῴһŮ
ˣ⻹ʣܱϿУɫ˫ˡ
ҲҲԲӣһģװģ˵ŮӺϡ⹬Ůݵ΢Ǹˡν࣬ı졯˹ɫҲһƤңδϵۣΪŮ̷ôöٳδλ֣
˵ƺϲǸְ԰ڵӣԼһƵģ׷͵һһŮģ¹ǰΣ˼Ҳ˲񡢳˺ʹ׻˵úáˮת˭أ
΢ָ۽ء
ˡʹѵ˵ǰ
мһЦǿ֪ǺʹĺӣҲǹλʮ˹ӽʲô֣
ʲô˵˵

ֵ˲䣬һ׵ֱ֭ϡ
æסֲ鿴ûиճʱộֱֻЩ졣
û°ɡᰴסļȻԷɳš
ʱ˲ͷӴߴ٣զˣӰ
̬ػһΧɤӣ⽫ѹ˼֣֡ӹɣָʮ˹ӵĸǸŮָʱ⺢ʮа-Ǻʱģʵô
ɫҰסԷԷֺӵȷҹʱ׹صġͨЩ˵ֻƬҲ˽˴š
䣬һ˴ϵȡǴ£˵곤Ӷʱǹļףҹλӵôȡ̫˰ɣ
ˣû˵ʮ˹ӵĸǸվ壬ĸײܴȻҲòӣҿ˸ʹѾ㲻
ֻ֪һ֪ʵʮ˹ӵĸˣʲôŮһԴĴ󺺺Ȼڡ
⻰ղż̸۵ĲˣŶ飿Ȼʮ˹ӵĸײǺʹΪֶ
˵ཫŽɡ
˾ڹﵱõŴʢƵĴ룬Ϊ⣬˵ʮ˹ӵĸҲܵͣºӺ󲻾ñ㲻֪ȥ򣬺ûһԸָϲѲŲԭȰĹŮΪĲԼѰһĸˡ
ô˵ӵĸأ
˭ãӺһھƣһĨ죬˰ɡ
һ࣬żʧӣ޲ýЩ֮˵Ĳϣ̱졣
;˵ѣʵһˡ𿪿Ȱ
ԴǣƽֹοĻǲᡣ
ҧҧ´΢΢ҡҡͷվ˺ӡҲ˵һڴڿѵš
Ӳıм̵ʺʹѣˮߵһŴŴۿ˳£ڣȾһСƬʹӡ
˶˵ʲôȻڴʱȻܳ⡣
ˣһֻȥ׷СԼһϡϡĿ
꣬·ʪŲ鸡س˿ᣬһڣû߼´ǰһԣҺüʱֳס档
׷ʱÿһĻԼˡԼȴֻԶ֮˴˿̵ϥڵأ°Ͻҡ
ﲻʣסöԷпԼ塣
ҪȥһѺӴòãһԵģٰһΣһΡ
ԼĿ⣬ɵЩգյȴԼ
֪ˣͲԷЪţĳʱ䶺ֺγں
侲㣬˵Ҳûʮİڻƽ̨ع˫׷д㰲Ȼ룬οһеӤ룬һ֣֮ҲͰˣúӵҪЮ㣬ɱô죿
᣺Ҳźڹ衣ոҲˣԺһ㶼⡭
Щ׽Ӱ֮ʲǿѨ磬Ҳ֤ⰡȻ뵽ΪСӰĸﶨȻŸ֮飬һҲ˵ʲô㲻ǣҲĶԼⲻܲˣһҸ˽ô˾͸Ϊˣô˳ʮ˹ӣ˭ָô˵߷żվָĨȥԷ۽ǵỨ쳣ᶨҡСӶǣҲһὫ㰲ȫȥ


222 ˼
¹Ůһҹ֦֮ͷˣ Ϊ˺ʹͬʱҲ˹еĻ
Ų˵˽޲пǸˮء̫òܳ裬 ׶ӶȥԹΪʣ û뵽ôƫԷס˼㷭 ӽϾ ûָ°뱲ȴٻްźӼ֮ᡪҪ֪ ׯĸףΪѹ̸һˡ
ʲôӣմ̫ĸסλŮȺܵ˾Ĵࡣ
˵ǰһλ޷֣Ǹܹʽģ ʱûкӣϾʮ˹֮ĸ òԺһŮҲǳ¡дضߣԼû۹⣬ʱڰıݲ£ ˵Ҳһɳ졣
۹еĴη׷ţ һƫһ硣
ԴӱΪʹҡһӣȻǰһӣ ʱŲ Ϻ֮⣬ԼҲΪŲˣ ǶԹˣϰһʱԸĹġ
ͷЩ฾û½ˡʹܹҪոϣǵɫƣ˵ԭź򼧵ױĹŮҶ֮¹Ůһְ
Ƕ˵Щʲô̧ͷɲŻСƨɣѾ˯ˮһ°͡
˵˵ǰһ֮ѣ߻ʹЩĻֶΡ֮ʲôûľ͸ˣʹҲաҶֱڿ죬䲻أΪֱ
ȻΪҪȥ⣿֪ǺûȴҪϣʥҡҡͷķԷֲǵһԣʱй֮޲ԼֺαΪЩֵõ˺¼ƽϷ
Ҷ̵ĶȻһͣ鲻Խȥбϣ˫ֻźӣŲ֪ĸҥµ񾲶˺͡üĿȻ
ҶסֱֲŻع񣬸ոһ˲֪ΪöԷֹԽǰĵˡ
ʰ괲̣Ҷ뿪޵
˯ĺСҡϤĵΪһֲϴĬĬڴߣ˼
һҹ֮ޣձյʹگ޲Ľ˵˴ˣĸһˣȻԼ֪ʵҹϸֻǺЪϢһޡ
۵ĲǼȥ۾Ĺ澣ϴ˾ʾˡʮ˹ٲҲ˭ǲʮ˹ӷǲѾ
ͬʱҹˣ۲ˣʼնֻйһ˭Ҳ޷˭

֣ѹ˴
䳯ûüҴҸϵƽ̨̫ӵļ
ֱƿţɫƵؽһ౨̫ӵǰһԼúÿ
̫ӵ˵ĳ丸ϲ֮⣬ֻ̫ˡ
Ϊ̫֮ʦ䲻ǻƽ̨Ķϲĸĳϣϲ߹ԼĶӡ
̫ӵ౨ɨһ飬ԽüԽϼûѪɫ촽ó鴤ˣȻҡ
¾˭Σ̫ӵӦѹνġȼƻϲߡһУ԰ԣҲĽش̫ӵĻ
Լʦͷһ̫ӵжЩ̫²ȫѧ֪ƽװһ˳ؼʱ̾Ȼһ׳н
ѵ֮ǰûж΢һ԰ڳĳɹֻżȻسʱƲͬͬնο֮ˣΪǰô꣬ǿǶѪ׵ķϣʣǷĽԼļףٷۿЩĸ޵Ĺǣм˰ԼĸңжٰԼķң
˵̫꣬ӵ౨һϣһߣҧгݵϹۣΪôܹƽ̨ѵСܴ˭֪ҲͬѰ˰ͷʶ̣
ߣѵѰôһٿƣĶҪЮ޹ֺĻ䡣ˣ͵Ĵˣָ㣿Ѿ御ˣ
̫ӵȻ̫ӾôưոݣǼ˼ȻӣҪӦĴۡǱô̫ʹȥƽ̨и֣ǱعȡСֵ
̫ӵ»Ǻúñ˼ɡһȼƻƽ̨ʧʮѪһǺò״ߵĺϻ˶¶ˡˣװ˸ӡŴΪ΢ƽ̨̫ӵﱩףضϸϽɡ˵ţǰһѹϾߣ˳޿̫ӡһ㣬ϳҲ׵ġ
ҪͬʱҲ˼˵ƣ̫ӵŭѣȴɵھݲ÷ֻŶԷگ֣صطϡ
ʵҲ̫ܲӵáΪǣ־ȴҪԼʰ̯ӡ
˵͸Ϊƻò׳ȥƷôأ
Խλ̫ӵؽֻı۹⣬ԶáֻϧλŮһϣ

ԸߣִʸԶ֣ķдһţϳȼʺ򰲺֮ʣǸ֪Ϸļ£ҵɱõԪףռն
Ը߹ݹ޿⣬նʩԸǿȻͨվݣԸߵľ˾Ľ
֮æ͵дţΪ˸һͣίǸ
ʮ걯ϣ˷ǣֻʣһˡ
֣кܶ඼ɼϣԼΪһ¼ҹˡ
żϸװãһԴʹֽ֣ϡ
ϸگ𣿡ʹ˫ֽӹż
ϣگ飬ֻһż
ʹССһ£˼ʥⲻɴ⣬ˡ
ϣһлܻصǰֱ˵ıӰʧŴǳ
лҪ˵
أʱһҪ÷Сˣ˵ƲĵǽȻ֪ͨþȥ·ִѲߣ豻ȥˣץ׳һҲṩ֣˵ʲô׼ſˣҩҲ򲻵ˣĺˡ


223 ˼
յʱ ڸոսһľδñ׼ʿĲ
ʹؽźϣԷ˲Ϥ ڴ֮ǰҲδ Էȴ׹ ˲塣
ϵļگһף ĿݣǱ߿Ƿʲô£
Ұģ һаáϸױţگ顣
һ£ŽźУ˵̧žߡ
ʹһͷˮæ׷ȥ
פ㣬 ȴԵָڱޱΪگ飬 ΪӲòӣͨţˡ޿ղġ鷳Ŵȥɡ
ⲻǡΪ𣿡ʹпԣôظ ָν
ֻܴȥ Ϊġ˵꣬ǡøˣͷҲصؽӪʡ
ʹΣֻԭ· ԭԭ
Ȼ ȷ緮˵δǨŭֻؿƿ ڵԼ游ĸķĹ
ʹ⣬æл
Ĺһ˿ϣȴʤУٺ»ҲʹԼҲǼò£ϾСһ㣬ʹӾҲʲôõķչܼüãԶֵطڷˡ
˼ˣʹԷͬ飬תһ˾ȻҶ˦ӣҲԩˡ

Ը²壬һõݻ˯Ѫۡ
ηûдһأ̼ȫĺڰ
һùζʬ帯õζŻ
ԸĻ£µʱ䣬ְҹֻܸ䶨ηжʲôʱ
ΰյʱһеڤ˼˼һԼôߵһġ
侭ʱļҵ䣬Ҳʳһ䵽ͷ֣Ȼվûܹ֮࣬̾߼ĥ
Ըؿڿ˼ߡ֨ѽһ죬΢ŵĽŲԽԽֱ֮ͣ
Ըܿˡձһ˿΢磬Ǳ°ڴģͣȴȻ
˺α̤ⰹۻ֮أƽۡԸ߰˫Ŀڲݶϲδ
ԸΪҴƽ̨ô࣬ǶӲ߾ǻƽ̨ľʦ䡣
Ը߳£һֿӱ޸Σ֡
˷ƽ̨شûʮؽǰǰģӴ֯ܵ鱨ˣһ֮Ҳ˲ô࣬ԸҪ̳ġҪ̳ҪٸԭְˣʦðҹǱΣܹпضĿԷǰȫ֮ߡ
˵Цˣ潻ȡˡҽˣ¾ˣбضԸ߷˼ôգһЩáԼǱƶʵĽԼ̫ӵĻʱѾעˡ
һǰԶʱ̫ӵЭ飬й¶ɱԼگӵһλĹӼλʱگôд˵㡣
ȻȻعһλ̫ӵòȿƵŮӣֱʱԸ߲ʶԭ벶ȸں󡱣Լױˣˣκϣǲˣֻҧ̫ӵĵǲͰڲ
³˵Ǳ̫ӵݺ˵Լһʼǻ裬ŻᱻƭáӺˡ
ԸԴǲƣҲֻЦЦԸԹ¿⡣һֱΪʶʱ֪֮ˣڹȥЩѾ޷ص飬۵£Լʲô·
ν·ңңôǧӼϵأԸ߳سӴӲݶվǰľƽӣϵ졣
߱ǲֱӾȥԸҲԸսս͵һӷɣ
˷ģ»ûгɵǰزöԲߣȻڡŪٳ桯ϣҲèҲŪٳ桭
Ը˵꣬ǰ˶һ
Ʋ̶ѽӽ任֮ʱҲ׼뿪ˡ
ǰͷһηԸߣζԸ־ᣬ֮˶ƣʵ壡

˸Ƿҹ֪ΪС޲ֹԼĸκ屧ٳٲ˯֮£ֻʱ£ԸѺӱڻڷػصתơ
Ҳ֪ǿֻ߱תˣһС˯ˡ
ϨյƣսСһϣʱһͻأ
˭ѽֱͷȻ˻شֻڼ
֣ȴֱӴ˷š
һ̣ӳǸ޷ŵͬʱϲѣˡ˰
ȻŸһʹͷֻһѶ̽ûԼ塭
ǰǼϤ¶˼İЦݣһ仰δü˵㵹ѪС
̫ӵ̧żȻ˯ĺ˹ȥ
Ӥߣ̫ӵЦһСŴóһĴָƿӣקƿһ͸ƿڵ˳굽·ͱ
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬺۵ô޲ֹ̫ӵһЦ

ӣҪžѣͷ鶼亹Χߺڶ
ǿ֮Լ˿һнеڡ
ݳľæתƿӣǵجˣ
ڰ֣ԸöԷģ¡ڵĶˣ
ǡ룬ֵȻҼҿס£ȥЩİҩġ
ҡͷסǺڵأвʶңǾǵĺá
Ĳٵˣһ·ҹ£ʱʣʵڲ˼·
ֹȴԷ˵һСġοԹǣڴֻҪǲס˶ӵ¾͵Ҳʲôӡ
ѵòһأѰ˴ΪƫԶõס
˵õ꣬ʵһɹÿסũСԺ
һס׷ԲԵϷޣ˵ӹȴӲʣ;б˵㽫ӭݡ
ĹˣܷªЩڻɾ
ٴɨ䷿һԴһøסԼŸͰȥһͰˮƥǣԺӵˮιݡ
ڿɵӣСﲻ˳ÿɻֶˣٲȻһѵС¡
Ŀţûţֲýʲôǽ͸͸ڴкš
ûιľ׷ͷȫôһ˳ˣ
ɢɢѣ̫ԶֻӦ˾䡣
ܲ˵ǶϷĹϵˣʵںýס˲ɡ
ϣѿڶ㡣


224 ҩ
˲һС· ʱֵģףµؾһյıɹ˿ ˰ɢȣ ѥܸܵõ
Ҷƻ˷磬 ֮ѡסλڳǽ ¡ƣʵȳöࡣ
ߣ £ºɼ⣬ҶϡܿһȺչԶ«έʡ
ǰ߾û·ˣȥɡ𿪿ڵ
û·𣿡˼ ÷䣬 ǵ֮
عǻزȥˣԱ鲼ƽ̨ߣһζӵȥ
ԭ峹׿ͱϣȥū򶫺˵ĵ̣ ƽ̨ Ҳܽ쵽
Դ˲̫ͬˡ֮أëѪӦǶɽЩūԭʱгͻ ֻҲȡڻġڻģ ҶվҪҲԼĹ̫Զ
ҶЩ ƽջ𣬡ĸĶعǻ
Щأû뵽һԷвʵʵ뷨;УҪǵı棬⣬̸
סǰӣʲô˼
ҵ˼ԭʮа-ݲˡ񻹿ʲôعһͳ£ǵĴֻѣԭֻͶ˵㱾Ͷ
΢΢˫ۣһֱǲģʱһ飬δԷͼһʱ˵һ仰
վԣһ
𻺹ʶԼʧԣ촹ԲҸո̫ˡ˵ĽǷθ֮ԣϣܹúÿһ¡
˶δһ֡
ɫȥֹ飬һֻֻ«ˮȥӵһͷ͡
ǰһʱˣǻȥɡѼ㲹ӣ̫á
Ĭŵ˵ͷźӰߡ
ʱҲûʲôۻ;ʱ߱߿ΧľЩϤֱ·һ˼ңŮ˵ļע⡣
Ǹʮ긾Ů׳ʵ䲻ѿɷӶԵĿһؤڵϣȭߡ
վڲԶţ漴ǰĸ˲ǴǰԹʱٰ谢ǸŮô
뵽˫ȭ߬Ŀ¶ɫøû뵽ô꣬Բ֪ڸģ
ҪģҪַȥſڣĻؤһţŮԾòź˸Ͱ
ۿһͰˮҪͷؤϣհƴϾһԼһʯӷɳ
ﻹû㵹ȥøԼͱʯӴһķͰҲŷˣķˮֱӵһ
ڳ̹࣬;һﳤȥ

صСԺʱǡ극㣬Ϸʵÿͣ˺Щζȡ
ƺϲкԵ㣬æʾ⾣
տʼԣڵյĸɿԼүɸֵʱ߰˷֡ܶеҲüװͿ˸Ѽͽڡ
̲ס˸ã̧ͷλ˼ͶĿ⣬ֵͷֻѼȣסĬĬ̾ϢʢȴıˣҲԲˣ
ѰմճϢ򵥶ɣ󲻾ãλ˱ϴϴЪˡ
ÿչ˼ζҩģҵ߹ްºȥ
ţõ֮Ŷҩȥ
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ʶ뷨ļĪǣķӦˣãȻؿŶԷ˵˾䡰޷Ȼù뿪ʼȡ
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ҩζκȻǰһĨ޵ĳȻƣһƳγΡԲˣʱ治ѣĶģ
ҺԺպпұժ˼û۽ҲСйǣ˵뿪ҶึЩǮǡ
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Լǲӣȴֺ˻ϳȥֻܸŭԡڼұ裬˵ˡ
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˵꣬ѽһ˰ãõǰ԰ɣЩЪϢ壬Ǿ͸ø·ˡ


225 Ļ
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 ǵϾˣҲûжļ󡣡ǿߵ· ÿϹȻɸɾûһѪۻ˺ۡ
ΨһĿԱǱ˼һ仰δ꣬ѽ˵ʬһ飬ȷ羣ԣȫľˡ
Ƿ߲ ǳӵ书Զ֮ϣαҪǴ
ⲻƳЩ˵ ע⵽ÿϽԱ죬ﲻ񼡣
Ǳɱһ¶ߺޣǰЩߵıȴˣ
ϸ۲ˣ ǵϷֱֳϲŭǡ˼ֱ֡飬ôôùŹ֡
ֵ߸˻᲻Ǳǹ
ǡһԵļȻܹԦߣΪβȡأ
ֻضĳ ˷겻ɱ𣿡Ȼʶ㣬 ȴվ޷Դ¶ۡ
ʹǶõٿȺɱ˵ıϾߣ ۵ǲ߱ɱġ
˵ľอȫȻ飬Ȼڼصˡ᲻һֿܣٶֻһý飬Խ֮˵ǿֹ߸ͽ书ƽƽ֮ԿԾͱϢظɵˣԼ룬ȥͦ߼ȻƲվƲ⣬ǰվ̫Σҵʧٵĳӣ˵ˡ
һصʬɵ̾˿֮˻˭
ɫ಻ģʲôͷǵѣ˵չ鲻˾ȥʰϽߡ

گѷС£һӣ˼죬ڲ͵ˡ
֪ΪΣһ뵽Է棬б״ζ
ǵȷѾûһ棬ûú˵仰ˡɾ˱˴ˣ˵Щʲôأ
ʱԶ֣磬вϰߣ
ҽйԹ
ֱڣǷԹңΪ㸸׺õ޷ͻὫױԭⲻ˻أ
۾ޱȡ
ЩԼͷڶԣ
ԷԸ
ˣѱְ˿ڱѺͻضǽܵ·϶گԼµġ
㵽һǸ߸ϵľһȴǳ۳ҽս
ʧȥٹ⣬ȥսף̳Ƕ֮޿ҲſϵĹâһͬɢҲڡ
ڣô룬ֻҪ׿ڳϴ޹أұᡭͬʱۣĿһĨᶨĹɡ
ұһ㡭
˵οҶᱣݣ
һź̶һѸϣҹ
ǽôæúܣҪûšͷ£ĿⲻƣԴȻӲ˵㣬ȴûжٻ
̷̾꣬Ǳ͸ԷƢԷδɫƣǰ˺ʹƵΪϣ۵Ͷɡʹ˵հΣ˯ǰЩˡ
üǷ̣ˡ
ϲȳҲԣֻЦŵһ֧ס
һ᲻ʳҲ֮̽ΪϲڽҿѸʱ˱Ƕĵ㣬ζ
ҨһС׳˳ϸ壬ûһζһ˿㡭
üͷչſڣʹ֪ϿζͷЩҶȥ̵ζ˺ü飬ʶ塢㡣
û뵽ССһƷ˷£˼һҪչ˺ӣһ滹ڹæµּԼа²̤㰢ˣв̣㽫ͷµļ౨ȥӣϴʱ򼱴ҴϣѺͷڵڰ;
ᡪֳǣأ
ǻ˽ˡ
סԺһƬհףͷǰˤ˵ǴȻܳҵʹѸٷɢӡ
̿ɫԣæȥ
ͷüĽš΢΢촽ȴ˵һ仰
ڡˣ
ôܣŪ˰ɡôᱳңôұң
ץס
ֻŵĳеûӦϣ
ֶΡϧһдҲҪץסŴ۾ﲼѪ˿
֪ѷץס֮ҪʲôδãЩ֪Ҳȥ룬ֻ֪ͬĸ׺͵һȥ
ףȻǴΨһֿѡǣҪˡ
µǣ˽Ĺȥ֪Ǹܣ
ǰ·ֳԼͳ⵽˻ɣָüʹá䳰ȷ·𿴵ԼЦŶ˵ɱ·ΤվǰһۣǸĪĪżֱ񡭡
ȥһۻңʹɢ̫Ѩʹ
ܵƺһҪ͸㱼̻Ųĺ̫ҽ

̶̼عÿνǼ䡣
гԸݺͨ˶ƶԸˣ˭֪ǰգͻȻگݻ
ڳǻһãȻ򰵴ʥ֮ʣԶķȻҲٻؽܵ飬˷˼Ƿڹ;Ӧϣɱ·ˣ
⡭֪֪治֪ģ˭ĲķȻĴ鳼ѹ
Ȼˣôû׼ҲףԸ˵ҲǱԩˡ
Ը߱ͷŲٸԭְͼĵٲ˵ģйԱûڣ׼˽Ϊӷϴȴһһܡ
Ըֻ߳಻£˼صһ˻˸
ƿ²ɵĴţִֻɨɨԺ䣬ͷϣĿ㲣ݿ¡
ԴԸ߳£еļߵɢɢһ˶չ׵Ůļҡ
ԺŴ򿪵ʶ̧ͷȻסˣ˺һŻعǰס˼ҹɷ
ǻŻˡȥˣǹ¶ĸĿôԸ߻ؿš
Ů춯ճӱ㿴Լﱧͷʹޡ
ؼˡѽӲȥ۽ǵᣬǣԼǰ
Ȼ꣬Ȼҷޱ䣬׵ĺӶܸоһЩͬѰʱӵغ
ԸһĨᣬŮķ
ЩӣΪˡ
Ը˵꣬ҡҡͷȦֻҪƽ¾ͺãʱ䲻ڣϵҲΪĸŮ͢ξ£ŵϴԩ
һ鸾˼ңûʲôʶ˱ʿ˵ǲ۾ϹˣԼɷܻŻϲ
ᵽԸߵĿȻȻƿӣǰСñȫϣȫǵϡ
Ұһһ̨ףֵײײżﲻֹͣšл
ϾòԣæǣŮֽںͷ
Ը߲ȵԼãͨһӹȵλǰһЪ˹ĴЦ
㱻ŵˣСֽĸ׵ȹڡ
л϶䡪Ը˫ָ߾ٹͷԼλߵݣɫң
˿֮ʱͷڲصЦ⣬Թ壬۰׹ϵĶ֮


229 
ˣ 糯Ѿͣ˰£˵硡
ԴӰǰ̨ϵͷ磬ұһֱΪ侫ĵ ôż۹ͷʹ ҲδúõȴȻһ Ǽ鼱 ҲǵһϾص޼һһĪչ
µ ϶סˣǰȼسţȻҲ˷硭ǣҽĲҪ֪˿ģϣԷڹĹǵá ټǰ˻̼һ¡
˴βɽȥ Ҳ޷ԥǴ̼Լѡźš
һһû۳һֱֳĬİڵϵԻԲѣΪ ̼ĺáһôˣ һһְ಻̫ۣλϥµĹӹͽСչˣҲñ˰æЩ
ʱȫʧȥʶʡ£ֻǴ󲿷ʱģ ʹѵʱҲ񲻼ѣ ԼѡֻҲס
һ־Ҵ˵ĽǶȿ⣬ һֵĹϲ˵λӹŮ˶ЩøС
Ȼ뷨һҲ˳۵ġ
ʹ㣬û¾͵˵ĵȫ޵ϱ㺦Ըȥ̼ǻأ˿˵ŮʹϣҲǿĵԶݣǰ빬˻ͬգʶҶСϡ
ϲ磬ȻԷ˵üؼؽĹͷϡȻһҲͲò⻰⣿̫ҽ˵ˣϵĲ޼кɣ
˻ûֹԼ˼СϱŵӼϲǳ͵ҹ֮Դ㻹˵ûйϵ㣬ϳʲô
̸
СƫͷһЦִӵʳҲ˼׸ϣҿϾǳĶŷģ󾯸һ䣬ǲԭһ״ع
˳Ҳ޷Լ˱裬ۣ̲סôˣǲԭ˴СǺģ˵ţ鵼¸кпܣɴδ˵ʡοδµĺӶãǿĳӣôͲأ
㡭Сϱƿԡ
죡ͻȳ˶еˣ˵һϺδָ˭ȴֱֱ˰
ƶʣ۶ҲСŸļ٣˵Էʳ˰̸㲻ԼƵ۲ҧ޷޲ƽ
ƾʲôҾľȡûһ˿
ƾʲôӶôãȴԾûлص
СϱѳԱ񣬴ʱ˻ǳ⣬˼ֵ⡣
ʵڿȥˣǰ΢΢˵ΪڲǼƽЩʱ򣬶ӦϵΪءϲţ߷̵ǲ١˵ȱɵûԼҽչ˵֮ܵǰȪ̼ȷʵʵġ
֪ԼոյļɫǸĳһһʱ̣οһҵˮ©Ҳȷʵûʲô÷ģֻǿѹŭ𣺡ˣǱԡ

ڱ廨عһɽСգʵһӸסκεѺ;ͻȻһ˵ķԼδüӦ㱻˵˰Ѩʱڴ˼䡣
ȫµģֱ˳ͷʱϣͶͶʱڲŻȻԭԼСͱˡ
˵ҪȻܴӦϴʾֻܾ·һ
ǲҲҪװףҪ취ȥС˵Ȧס
ʱݵš֨ѽ򿪣ˡ
춼ͣ˶ҲϤ
ڵķ˷ǰɢζڿӦԲԣȴԷڵǵΣʱ䲻ˣ뽫ϡ
Ļͥ£ܲʣҹŷڼװûȴڰѨ
ˡֻҪٸһյĹĽ
ʲôֵԥأҸɡعѽĳͷʲôͲҶѴˡһлô
һ⻰ŭԲĿ˵Ͼ˾飡
˹Цʲôˣѵ
ۣںôءһ̣һȣ漴ʶյѨѱ忪ǿԴԴϵӿȫ
Ǽڲ߷̫Դ⣬˾Ȼ޲˵Իǻûưɣ϶Ժ򸾵ǽģԸ⡭
һ仰δ꣬ͫȻһ﷢̧ʱֻڲ֪ʱӣָסĲӡ
˷κֻƴţͼԱߵʳע⡣
ϵԷͼԸֽ˸߸˫ŵ̤Ŀɱ⣺Ļ̫ܾ࣬ˡ˵ָһ󣬡ǡһ˶Էľǣ
һ󣬺ܿ˿Կ׺һذףĬĬذײغãְѶԷ·ԼϣȻ΢΢ͷֶֻʳµسݡ
ոǷ˸ţЯӣʱնţ̫ӵԴʮֲ뵽⣬ȻЩԼʱɳִܺùϵŭ
ʦ֣²ˣһ´ҴɫɷѿǷھȻʦɱˣ
תʲôʱ£
Լһʱǰʱʦܵ·ɫ谵Ҷûôע⡣ȵֲԾʱѾˡоǣڽҲ˳ˡţϾôҪˣϹ·һ
ʦĪѱ·ǰȥأƱؽץô˵Ҳ֪˾̸ף书׿ϴ͵Ϯ֮彣ɣǲܽҵ֡
һʱֻ·ֱ׷Ҳ˵ƾЩãھڽ߼غϣ˵ţ΢һ̧֣ԸȥǵҪĿѾﵽ׷
ºܲ⣺ܻع棬ϵļƻȫ𣿡
ҹɫУӭЦҸҿ϶ںǲˡ


230 Ĳ
ƻʱ֣ عһС･ϡĵƻС½½̯ؼҡ
ͷһñŰ峵ñѹüͣ ӱס룬 űصͷڽֱߡĽͷڰ峵 ߶˺ܺõڸá
Դӻƽ̨ǲ˵ӳ һ·ֱϣ;гҪ˵Χ׷½أ ʱԼϳһӲ֪ʱǸͷԼᶨǿҲһµļѰ棬ҹоյصعı߾ߡ
ۿɫ磬 ڲɫƹЩǽһƵ ϯϢƬ̡
´̲ǴǼɱʿģʣ޼ס޿϶ҪͶ޿ǼǸݣ һͶ
Ϊȫ ҲΪԼܹŵһ·ҹ̡¶ޣ˲ٿࡣⶼʲôعڣ ƽ̨ѾΪǣ ʱĵķǱԼ˷١
ܱ֣ʱ򡭡Σ ԼҧͦסŵۼСһ̣׿ڽࡢ˵ıһһʮ֪Է
֣⳵ܲȥˮúܣǶüʣƾɵĺӴ߹һһܲڽͿС
֪Щ˲һоƽɵ޷ЩаŮĹȻƽȮۣڵԸ¶ˣֻ
һҰ˶ǴӸɽͷڵģһΪԼҲΪ˶Ŀ
ֵܲʱ۴ˬǼеòֺҲڶлȻĵĴЩĵݣںǷУˣ֪ĺȻǻ˵ĿԼ֡
о¼ֻһ˵ķͲʲôˣûȫͨˣѹץˣǽҵضٸˡ
δ䣬һץס죺ո˵ʲô
Ǽܲʱ򹻺ģ˭֪һȫķڣˣӦ˵øƵģ߶µʵ׵ķĹٸˡ
ܣ˲˫Ŀʧʧôģģ
ŻˣҲûעⷮ˵ɶͼúýͣƭʲôұʣ˵ĵǲġ
͵طſҡҡλεվһһظԼⲻģǱʶȴٲȻһʵɶѽĳͷǡ塢ء
˶ĸ׷ǸڽƯߣ춨䣬Ȼ;ⶣԵǳԽֲҵ
˷ԼһֻΪȻúձҵ˸·أҲֻʣȻһ
񣬾ǹ·Ҳûˡ
ǼоڲǸ򵥽ɫּԷסһ˴̼ӣϽһˡ

һȵȴšϾơ
ҹɫϵѹš
ľ̳ӣС˿಻ԣ͹٣СϾҪˡ
գɵۣ˵ߡ
С˼æѵ͹ûǮأ
ڽʣµСǮһȫ˹ȥСһĿԣϽסǮԶԶôƣô͸Ǯ
ֻôࡣûɵӦ˾䣬ֽ˻ӿ
С˼ۣ׷˽ϣιôȾƲǮţ첻ʸͱߣ
ॡһڳʣʱīҹɫҲڵӳøѩ
ýָСŵһƨ˵ϣɫһ仰˵ˡ
һЦһתﳤȥϾڴʱһҹѲĹٱǡѲߵ
Сͬ˾һ㣬ָֽŲǶӹٱܹȥһһߴСУү˳԰ʳǮýвСˣүһҪС
һŤͷٱҲܣȻŽֵһͷߡ
ҹɫްǰѾڽΪۣͷĹٱһϳ
ץסǷڣٸܴ𣡡
ϣֵǷɻڴˣ
ǧǺĲƸοʮ
ٸЩʿۣͬʱҲ÷ڳġ
ޱȱǰһȺŵԼӵˣɱ˷ŭ̶һĨ׹⡣
žڵĽлӹԵĽСƷ磬ͷĹٱ촦Ѫ岽
ʣµ˽ԱƵûüֱǰһһ
˿ɵС
˫̫󣬱עһɱ
׸սɳ꣬ȴǸʴˣû佫һ˿ľڽɱҲǸɱ֮ˣδȾ޹ߵѪ
ڣʧȥǣڵ֪رһ̣Ѿħ
ѪһŵģͷȴĽ֡ǿЦЦ
һ̣ٱѱھɱѪȾҹĻ¾׵Ľֵ
СѪȵĳ棬ֱӰһ˹ȥ
ĮȻؿһ̧ۣЩʬ壬ֱŷȥ


231 ·ٷ
̼¾ô ıǰȪ齱һҹձǷӣ˵ʵ̼ ϾϹӸ߹Ҫϣ ö࣬ Ȼһټ֣ չȰסȴҲа̾ϵء
ֵʱ Ѿ˴£ѻָѣҲȶ˲١ĻǣĲɫصǿѪȴٳûų
Ѫ ԣĲѡ
ͬСɣ ұԥҪҪʵ֪һȻԷжӯ˫ʱվˣ޼񻯣첻ꡣ
Ȼ һ̰Ȧ Щվȡ
ʹĪ΢Ϊʩ벢ҩа˳ɰսѪƳ
ƳѪҶֲ£Ȼ徭 ǿиɡ֮ҩȻòã ̫֮أֻҲûЧ
ұǽС΢֮ˣ Ӳѻ˵̫˿̿Ű۾뵣ǵɫʵĲ̣ΨԸ㾡һҽ϶ɹѹء
лҺ󣬰ҩƿ˵š
һ˯ѣؿڴͷ£촽ûѪɫҲġ
ϣ̫ҽҩˡһ£¶ȸպʡ
ɢŴ̱ǿζҩ֭ǿһ˿ùһҩ۾գһ¡
ӹ룬֮ǰˮĲΪϸǱ߲ҩա
ôˣҪչ˺ôΣõļĬ
Ϸģū檰ʮ˹Ӻ˯˲Źġ
ū澡΢΢ס漴ǹ׷ʹǺĸףһԶı䡭ĪҪԳơū澡ˡ
ֻơǡȻĵȴδĻٷֺ
ʮ˹ӵĸվԼҲ۹ЩԷ伣ӳֵΣѵĴһô
תǧؼ䣬ȴʼ˼ܳ˯һаãҲ˲٣վͰϿ
˻֣ˣ̫Сѹ˵ĲˡˣΣ
⻰ıһǵԼʱĸҸЩСԻ鷳ĶʼأһôʱΪԼֻҲ޳Ī
˻ιзһнԾȻ򡣲ˣ˻ټҽةȡƷһշʳ
ɹȴ˵ĲǣǷӳԲǹػ֪Ҫô㵹˵˺ûһἰģûԽԽŮˣ޲
檶лڲԹһų檣򴽣óЩţǴκ¶ߵġޡ⻹ڶȷʵ顣
ʱΪ޼ã֮´塢纴Ϊ˻˵û˽»𣿡ƷǿŵùǿĵΪĲš
ԴƶЩڽʱһΪȻ˻˼棬Ҳ鲻򡣡
ˣҲǰʡһ̧°ͣ౨ɡ
æȰ򲻿ɡ̫ҽ˵ˣҪľǺúϢٲˡ
޷˻žҪ۵ģֻ˲Ż⡢һ˰ˡɡ
ֻԻһС£һݣһɨͷ˵ϣ͢ξ˵౨˵ţʼʮδ¶³壬ڰطѽ֮ټٱ֮սԱɱ淸ǣسǹٱսʿԲУѡ˼ƣսʮˡʥ⣬׼أռ׹鰸
ˣ̧ͷȴȻ֣շų죬һϡ
δ䣬ͻȻʹؿڣƫͷԵ桰ۡ˿ѪѪ͸źɫã˼ڱϣĿġ
״ϽΪı˳ͬʱ⺰ȥ̫ҽϵѪ³ˣ
ѪųǻеıƸжʱ࣬Ҳܿ컺
һС̯ɫס૵ݱ֮ǰҲŻѪ
ûףΪΪӣв󺧣æ˵ԣϷ绪ïǿ彡Ժӻأο˷ҲֻѪڣ³û¶ˣ̫ҽֻشĻ𣿡
˵ȻʵȻ벻ͨΪǷµ֮Ѫˣ˵ѪǺ£ոյ龰ŵòᡣ
Ҳ֪ûĻֻǷڴͷ˫ֱض̯ѪմЩкĪһЦ⣺µúãµúð

ǣ¿С¿ϣʱ̧ͷʱһľ¡
ʱ˵ѲδȫȻĿۻߣݻƵҰݵǣϡɼİ﹡֤˴ʱһƬҰ
սҲϡ֣ʧӶʳһ·֪Ŀ˶ټ׹¶Ұ˼Ҿ硭ǰǿǸλߵʱҲδ飬Ǵδص˽⵽ļѡ
𡭡ɵô˳ĬûоùȥҺɣ
΢΢תͷŲȴͣγԣ
һǻƽ̨ʱǧټƵѰͼ֮ΪٳɺݿشơΪԸ㾡УֶΡԴҷعǿĲǹ޲˵Ļ֮ʦҲñĽ䣬ǵİաÿһعǵĹԸΪսκһûȵġշʳͼΣһôܲʵһͳµĴҵĻδ˵Լĸһȴ޲ñЩŸĳຣ
ǰ벻ףȴ򡪡´ƺƺƵ˳֮֮
ʱΪɣ֪
泱վΥȻȡ
¿˼Ƭ̺˭һͳ£޹ˡ
ǰ޹ˡ֣ظһ顣
ʱͻȻͣ½ŲĿ⾯ػܣ
״ȫ
ʯ䣬һֱ֧ھǰһʯͷ϶
δΪо֧κһ˵ġ
Ȼ¿˾һ߽лһֱˣȴץ޷ѣסŤӡ
㱻˦ȥֻþס¿ͷв¿Ȼ
ţ߲ݴһӴܳʮеĴ󺺣Ϊ׵Ǹһ֣׳ʵͷţִһ󿳵ָžλ˱үķûˣôͼҴҵ뿪
ԭǸʧٵĳӣ㵵ѿڶ
λú²ʦѣЯʦԶбִܻ֮©֮ǮͲϣֻͷ׾ݣҲλֵ̧ܸ֣и㡣˸Ҿͬʱźۼ˺һбİ
Ȼ֪ԷԼҪǮҲʮǰЩʲôˣɽˮϰˣɽ׼
ƽ¶ԷһҲѹ߶˼㲻ܴ⣬οЩϽ䱸˹ʱһ뷢ѱ֤һʧΪֻԸԷܹǮˣٺ֦ڡ
˭֪ӽӹİһɫһ˼֣ǮĪǰѹүҵҪģ
үƺ׵òᡣ
һü۵СֺĴָָָԵӣûλǺڷկҹ˳ơү񣿡
ڣȴȣѣλúǱΪܡֵ߽ȣʦʵûжǮТλǶͨڡ
Ӵ벻СӻмֵɫЦǼʮҲźЦ¶ǵĿڼ
˲䣬ȴһת棬°ֵͣҲǲɣϹءǮա£Ǵ󵱼ҵĻȱѹկˣԹˣ
̼ᱡ׼𣬽ű㱻̧һ
˵˰죬㾹ǸġҿǴ󵱼ҵĹǺú̸̸
²ȴѹ࣬ץſָżӣ㣬˵ʲô
΢΢һЦҵ˼ô㡪ҪǵĴ󵱼ҡ
ܼ򵥣üԷͷĿһὫ£Щɽ˾ͷ
ǺôĿΪ˭ǹǸƢһһŭ֮ԽڲԣǴ󵱼ҵһĸֵܿߺһϡ㶮ܼģ
Ļˣ΢ЦСŮӲţسκ߹ľҶеλӵ
˭֪ƹͻȻĳЦԷǵ֣ɽ
þҪյڴʱԶһ
ʱ䣬ɫһݣϲҹĹ
أֻһӵϥϥϷһҹ٣ӯش۽ǲƮɽ١
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232 
һ ɽ˷׷׶买񣺡ݼ
һ仰δ꣬㱻üϣס˵˶ٴΣҪ͵ ƫ ⲻǴĸ鷳ô
˳ò һҫ۰³ĵʳڣ ȴ͸Щ
˿飬 ͷϲԾð˫ʶؽ߬ë¿Դϵһë¿ӱֱߺߣǰ̤ͣ
ĵλڰֻԺյĹʸ񴩴 ΨһһǵͷıʿʾͲ֮⣬ νǺƵһʱйΪ̡
ΪΣҫİᴩ˵ϣ
˭
Ҳֲüʧ룬һ· 뾣ϲ˵ ⲻĵ羪֮񣬶Էһ뵽˹ʹ뵽˻ƽ̨뵽һĹ
𲻶ɫʾο ս
ֻС鲽ȥ λӶ˼䣬֮ ǸӲֱ¹Դϣôµģ𣿴³˵һ۾
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ǰһҹ֪ɱЩܵˣǸˡ
ЦЦСѣЦ
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ᣬҿûǸȥˡ֪е޷ΪͼƻͼɫӲȡƫƫǼ˿ܻ˹أҾȻҵĵס
ĶǰȥǼҺڵ̽ϢȻԳɱǡ
Ӵ󷽷صͷϣûƻйҪۡ
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֪ԭǰλи߽룬Ȼδ˵֡
Ȳؿڣʲô
߽룬ü㡣λϰ֮ˣһд轣
Ծ˵ͷ˵ģ˵Ҫ䣬һ¼ܴܾ˼ûУֻҪʱСӦⲻ
ҸݶԷоֹḡ͸һ˿ɣִһЩ뷲ǿһ˿ԷӵĻƽ̨ȫԼˡ
ڶԷǺݣΪŰˣȲˣĿǰҪӮñԡ
뵽⣬ԾС˵µġ
𳯼ʾ԰ο񣬽ųֽ߽룺롣
߽Ҳһתת˲ٵıһ
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տ¬Խ彣֮һ˵ȷͷС
𲻻ŲæҲֻԽʵֵ
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ս۾һֻһѩУֵԴеڵϣСؽֱֱ
ɡ۾Ĵ󵱼ȷʵտҲź֪ʶǾȻսܣҰܵô죡
ڷկ˿ܸɵۣԼĴ󵱼ˡ
߽뵹ˬ죬彣γֵ佣Ƿ켫ĳ˷ķڷ
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߽˵꣬뾣һЦǾĽǷ켫Ϊƽ̨һṦܼ
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˵߽һָǿ±ʯϳһɫСΪݡ˭ժ˭ʤ˭ϣ
˵±߷˹ȥһԴ磬߽಻ʾ
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һץסжΣѴ֮ǿСֲժһأʱ߽ſ
񣬾׼ص棬˭֪߽뾹ͻȻһסץŻ
ſһ䡣ֻҪһˣôҲûϵԷôΣյˣģ
߽뵥ץ΢ЦɣƫţҺΣ
±ϵ˻ãͱµ˵սľ
Ǵ󵱼ô۸ˣصŹһ
ʹͱڼԾ˿⣬ǹ˼Ǹ߽ºˡ
ǿʶҲûƻ򰡣˭涨Ըˣ
һۣע±ϵ
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ֲЩ¡˵꣬ʱ߽٣ҲһػЦе
̧ûߴ󵱼ңܷ˰ɡ
߽ҡҡͷαļһûأ
һת·˵ʤƣӮ֣ڳλԿ֤ѵ´ˣ
Ӯ𣿡߽üһĿݡĻΪɫ಻ٹ߰ꡣúÿժĻǼꡣ
һֻꡣ
߽˵ţĳھѰҽݣõҽʦʡݡĻмꡣ
Բģ֮ǰûиǰ
û˵ǳ죬ѵ𣿡
Էдʣһ仰ҭƿԣʱ˿̵ļԽǰλʵɶ񣬽Լ뾣ˣתʵڲ֪Ǻξġ
˾䡰ˡ̶ļ磺ԲӦ䣬ʲôС
˵ת߽룺֪ߴ󵱼ʲô
ж˫ȫǰǱ䣬һĻѡ߽Ȼһˣͱɣ
𲻽üЩ˿ң¿Ǻá
˼䣬̧ǰҸȡ


233 ϣ
𲻶ɣ ҪһҲֻܽ
ӵܣս뾫ͨС 黭ǲڻ¡գ ˵Բѷڹеʦ ֻǲ֪߽«ʲôҩ ôȷ
ˬ죡ܼ򵥣Ҷͬʱһ Ŀظ˭˱˭䡣
߽뻰䣬òԣȻɣ͸ͬһĿͬηֳ£ҵĲĲᵯ ϰǲ׵ӵģȷϳʶ
Ī һûأ߽˵߽עϣͨŶԷ񡣵ȻǱԣ 㵽Ϊֹ ˼ˡ
⣬̲סϣոշ˵ʲôĻѣҪǲǱʦô󲡳 ʵڲ˶
ԲӣֻĲǸ壬 ֻ䲻Ĳƥ򡣵ʲô˼λŮкܣ ĳҲⷽԲͷαһԽۣʵڲȣĳǿѣλԹһɽկɨ򡣡߽֮ԲⳡǷǱȲɵġ
⻹ǿѣ
һ˿ɱ⣬ͼϽҡҡͷѹɤɡɽװѰܡڽٳɽĹ--ֲӲʱΣա
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޷ʱҹ۲ոߵƽƽҲ˲١ƴĻֲˡ
ԹأҲֻͬ⣺СġһܲסҲҪǿ
ͷ漴ǰ
߽֣˫һٳ
ָⲦңɫָϼѣȷʵһܺ٣
ĿŶڲԶѰһʯͷ£ٷϥͷ
ǳɧӰ֮ᣬľ뿪ʹ뿪мҲܻء
߽ѡһʵġɽˮ峺ɽ渵
һжΣϵԼе١ãҲʼð麹
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ָоҲԽԽԡԵϢȴôǿŵһͷһ㡣
żȴ߽üգܺ±ٳŹһ֮ˣͷһһּȻսƽ֣ǻýűȡ
ϢԲ̫ȣոճŹһңδˡ
ȻδͨԷΪͻȻ࣬ѵʲô
Ժзɿֿԣȴֱһһų
Ӧòǳڸ߽ϣֻʲôأ
Ϣ񣬿Ȼ붨һ㣬ͼſԼ
ϣȥֻ΢桭أ൭ȥֻ΢ĳԼǳǳĺ
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֮ͬǰ滺ġɽˮһΣúܿ죬ҲǲƹɱķͬһΣԵôָ࣬ƶϡ
ƶ󵱼ҵȲʤȯɽ˾ģȫʲôã׵Ķס
Ҳͨɣ˵ܿһ˿
ʱѹ˪βϵĿҶƮ롣
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೷ͣ࣬ϢȣɫЩ԰ס
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ǿһ˿Цݣҡҡͷ
ϣֽ߽ӹ⻰˵ģ˵ǡ㵽Ϊֹû֣ô
øϻӲ˾䣺ܿ˰ɣ
߽̾˿ɨĲ鲻Ըذڰ֣߰߰ɡ
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಻ʵǰȰ裬ȴ߽һ۵˻ȥߣ
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߽㣬ֽٶ£תʱűһʧĺһͷۣ¿һͷ

߽ĺڷկλɽϣʵɽկ֣൱֮ԱǵģΪʮѾа˸
˿̵ûЩеûģιȥˣʱһ᷿ڣ߽ҽʦΪΣԼ뾣һڷſڡ
˵һڣ۲ѽֲǹģϰ֮ĸǿô硭߽һСţͻȻƳæ˵úúã˰ɡģϱǰǿҽݵģҽû˵ɽկֵ۴Сȥ֤ҩ
Ʋͷǡ
ʱŸպñһλءŮɫƵ˳
æӭȥô
Ůһһ㻹˼ʣ㣬ǲǸ꺢Ӳã
ȷʵ¡ʵʵش
Եĸ߽ȴĿ࣬һ˼
͵֮ӿյûһظ㵹ãڼ롭
Ů߶߶ָأﲻԣȻǣҼδ⣬ֻģ˾䣺ʷͻ䣬ɼ
߽밵ȭֻǻбһʲ£̲סһȥ


234 һ
߽ͻȻ˦ȥþһͷˮ ҲûǸ˼ȥ˵뷨
ϱੲѵɼֺαһ˵䣬㻹ɣɷôģ
סˣ 漴ʶԷͼĹϵⲻСˣ Ҳķ ֻʦá
ϱ֪Լ˵˻ ҲѵˣЩΪ飬 컺Щ˼ķͺأ
ǰʦò뿪ҲԷˡ
ԭˡϱ˵ͷ¶ͬ飬 ʦֵǴ
ԼӣӦõġ
ġλֻ Щ²ҩʱǾͰĴɽկһúչġ
л󣬹ϱȥҩˡ

߽ûԣ һ˴
µĵǲȰ ߥ޹ҵȥͷ
׷һֻռʱֻ߽Ų豭ڴʲôﻹдʣʲôµһ ͣҵǴˡ
ϴڸأս˸ϣ ߽ѸٽеĶֻԼһֻż
˵˶ٱˣ Ҫš߽һ˭ǷǮģ
Դƺ׼ռҶӽҿȻֽǰƣϴֵ֪µûţҲû취¡ˣ㻹ǷſİɡʵڲеĻʹպϴպϣ
߽Īؿպʲô
ˣϴǵ˼ֵɵҲóҸѹկôǹȷʵǺֵʶˣ˵ҲޣѾˡԺȰο˼ǰ֪Ǻ˻ģһɢˣҲûߣӦˡҾðɣͦʵġȻҪǽ޹Ҳûɶĺδ޷ݣֵԺΪɫһʵġôõҲɣ
߽뷭˸ۣ˭ҿ˼ҹˣҿϵķǡˣ˵Ҳ
˵⣬˺һƬҪԣȻ뵽ʲôȵȣո˵ǹˣ
ԣǰǸʦ׿ڸġ
Ҳ˵ɷˣǾ𣿡
˰죬ԭ˵ˣ΢Ūһ㣬Ȼǣʦְ
û뵽һᣡ
һеĸ߽ãЩˬưҲ֮һɨգζسռ򷢹ȥԼ׼һþơ
֮һ죬ڷկɽǶտǵĴ󵱼Ҵ桢Цݿ䣬˶ڴ󵱼ҵ֮ˣǿϲɺء
˷ϲ¾ˬ߽벻˸߲ҵģ꺮ůͳͺȡ
ǹⲻȥֲƴǣ˼ԼǰƾһͺҴˣ
Ǹ䵭ӣÿε߽벻ڷػʱɫѿ
֪ԼԵʱʲôɽկĴһ֪ЩԷ˶ڸ߽ûڵΪš
ڣĳռ˯󣬾ӭǰĸ߽룬ʦѾ˯ˣʱš
߽벻ΪȻûſڣû£ȥСԺдһµףȻ˯ˣҾ͵ɡ
˲ͨɣҪһˡ˵㽫һأ߽ؾ֮⡣
֪ĸش˳ﵽ̾ĸ߽ߣϴ󣬲˵㣬ַҪ
ŶʲôУ
Ҫ˵ٰʾáôûʲôáֻжʱõĻᡣ㿴Ǹʦ֣Ƶһ쵽ſվڣȻҲûᰡ
߽سһۣҪǿǸʦֵķϣҲþأ
ɶȻûղǾ仰
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һպùһգֻ¹˼Ҫ뿪ɽկˣʱٺõļƲҲˡϴ󣬵֮ÿסţ
߽ʱȻ򣬽סԼһģѽˣʧʧߣ˵ţʹĹļ򣺡벻⹷ͷʦӻͦˣͰҺϼƺϼƣܰס
ٺ٣󵱼ҹˡЦԼԴϣȣӲ϶ǲеġʦֹ˵ãǲɣ˭û취һҪǰ˼ҸǼˣկӶҪꡣԣǵȱʲôȱģǸպܸ
ȱǮ߽벻˼
ϣҵϴ󣡡ʵڲ֪˵ʲôãƾ书֣ڽӸɱˣûǮ׬
ô˵ɶȱһܸʲô
ֻӵֱתȴ˸ӣһȱֻд󵱼ܸˡ

ֹգѾãͬһ߽С
߽뵹Ҳˬ죬һڴӦҪΪ˰һ硣𱾲ԸӦʣȻϾ˵ϣҲûؾοڷկȷʵǶмӡ
ۿżӦĬϣ߽߸˵ȥϯˡ
ã߽뾿Σ·ϣָָǰ·İӡ
𱧽ԣƺЩĲɣȱ
Цˣ˵Ϊˡ
϶ǻˡ
ͷҵĸоܾ࣬˰ˣϾǣǷǡ
û˵ǣܾø߽ıЩãرɲӵдֻһͷӡ
ʮʢȫկĵֶμˡ
߽мһĻƤϣȼǸͷĿ
;򱻷ΪϱĿɽҰζ߽յСŮӲƣԲȾߴ󵱼ңʦڴ߶Ŷգɸߴ󵱼ҹգǱ뿪ȥ꣬ɽˮڣԵپۡ
ãǾͽ赤Ｊԣ߽ˬؾһȻޱȺһĨ죬˷λʶʵң֪λʲô㣿õŸĳĵط
ߴ󵱼ˣֻʦԼȥɽ¸ߣѰǼݣƽֵشԣҲȥֻǳϵĻοǷ飬ǼҪҲɽկﶺôʱ䡣
߽ͷȥƺȷܹϰ𣿡
΢΢üһļƣһһ֪֡ĻΪֵء
ִ˭˲֪˭˲Ϊƽ̨һλʦãҲƽ̨ԨԴʵӵϢѴ߹֮˾֪ˡĳֱԣƽ̨֯׷Ź𣿡߽˵ΪԼһ
δһԣ˳˼
ңȷʵܻð
뵽⣬߽һ֣ôߴ󵱼Ϊָ·
߽ЦŰ˰֣ҵֻ顣Զλһ£ıѣѾΰկڽûʲôʤƫƧΣλڴ˳סΪϼ֮ѡ
лҪ˵
ʾƪǴģûBL֪߽뾣CP˶ֱУС߶󴿴Ľ뽻ѣҲΪɽկ˲šǰ˵һ£ϣҲҪࡣ


235 ȥ
һ ŶԷһĨҪǣʱһ
鲻ԣæܵ󵱼Һ⣬ СŮˡʦöУ ڴ˴Ʊػλ鷳
ǡկֵܣ ĸ˽±հǰ˺ ڷկĴ컹ҪҪˣ߽Ц
ϾǲɽģλúƽҲﲻæ ޹»Һʦɽկ׳԰סأйǣʱദ෢կɽ˲ӡǰ׼񣬶;𴦴չмӣ ҲǳԭŸԸǡ
͸õˣ߽뿴 һգɽկֵʽ´ࡣڵô书ҲȫԸִʲôġŶ ˣ书ǿ߶澭о ùϱһֵ֮̽᪻ǸɵĶЩϵʱˣկȱľҽʦˡһˣϱĵӾˡҵΣ
Ծף Իؾ ϼȭ߽˸ˣ 㹧һҴʦپߴ󵱼ңлѩ֮̿󵱼Լɽկĸλúӹˣ
˵꣬δԲƣΪԼʵʵһ룬˭֪Ҫͷȴһѽ˹ȥһĩˣˣ˫򶨶ĸ߽룬һһ䡢ޱлߴ󵱼ҵȣԺ󣬻ա
¹ʵĸлֻֻԲԵĳ滰߽붼öˣȻȴδ˭ܽлĻ˵纮һѻȸԭƱյòֵϯʱİ
ץһֻӣе춼ͣ䲻ϱһţ٣Ҹɶֵܺ͵ԸǺôϴ˵ǲǣ
ȻǺ£ĺ£һǺڷկλ˲ţ绢ˣ߽һЦ崺硣
󵱼һɽˢˢٱʹԱء
󵱼Ӣ䣡
ϲ󵱼ٵˣ
˽ӷ磬Ҳ˳µ˺ڷկ
ϯûüѯʼԵɣɢϯ󵥶ȥ
ǲҽΪھĵһҲ⡣
ֻΪѰһ֮ɲˣһ˾չ˺㡣ֱ˵Լĵ뷨
Ҳô˽ΪңҲϲý㱻Ĵ׷ɱľء
δ䣬ϣѳƽ̨Ѫϴ󣬶Ըġ
ҲԸ⣡ҲԸΪһˣȥ۱ˡûڻƽ̨Щ꣬ѧһգʲô
Ĭ
ʲôûС԰ɡǹһˣûףûֿѣûֿһӣҪһӣʵֱҶܺڣҺĽݸ߸ߣͺͷһˣҲͲͻɥȪѾǷ̫ˣټΪκ˵ĸۣϣ¡
΢΢˶
ûֿô
ʵеģֿ֮˴˿̾Լǰδ¶֡
Ϊ̫һԼ˵ڣҲעǻؾʱԼߵʸûˡ
ڷկ˵Щç˿ܣҿóǽ֮ˡҲӦԼΪԼһӣܸмѵġ
˵֪꣬ġЩҴں
ֻںúòá
򴽣ԴǶж밵ݣܾþòһˡ
δȫӦƽȵദ
ֻǣΪδ֪Ľǣ
ʱˣӻϢת׼ϷţȴȻס
ˣΪ㲹ɡ
ӦʱԷ߹˵ءϾëƤ㲻ϵСԼһӦϼɷ˵ס󣺡𶯡ַɲôҪҶҿɲܡ
Ĺڱ㲹ˣһȦҲûҵֻ΢΢ͷҧϡ
ͷʱղСĲֱ˵ļ͵һ
ȻʶԼո˼ôʧ£æЦջڹѧģŸͺ·û뵽ѧ˺þҲûѧʲôá첹Ǵ´ࡣ
ھһİ֮ܽӴģȴ¶ѡ
ɽһ̹̬ԼԴἰԼɷͺʧٴˡʼգһĶģͷβעԼ

;ɽկĵȻǸ߽룬˺˷ܵøڡȻû֪֮ⲻھơ
̲סˣ˽ｫԼ˳
߽ĻϲԼúʰһɽԼ
˭֪һ棬ԷͰŸһ㿪żɽߴ󵱼ҡ
֣ôֵܣֱɡ
߽ЦǺǵӺǷᣬɫ˼֣Ҿֱ˵ˡϣٶʦñκβʵʵ뷨ȻѾɷӷֿⲢļޡĴļޣҲ޸㣬Ȱ㻹ǱЩͷ
߽뱻һŪˣײŻع񣬲͵ˣҶʦûа˼ɷġ
Էɫ̹䣬ֱ˵һ˿ԥɵʵˣΪδĻɽǣУôϳݵģ
ԼȻڽ˲֪Լȴ֮٣;УǴСĽ򲻵Ѿ֣߽οģ
³ѽ߽͸С⡣
Ȼǲţ£
˵ʵڻһʼҲûע⵽ֻڵĵùÿ͡ҷܾ֪ﲻԾȴȻޣ֤ʮİܶԸ߸˿ܣǷ֮
أƾһ֤ҵݣ
߽ЦǺǵȻǣҾ취Ƚѽ
ߣˡֱԣṦƽƽϸƣͻĲˡ
ʱ߽ͻȻЦǰһ˵ľһࣺЩǸɵźͳϣʮˣôᡢʵĸ֣ɲֻоˣ
һʱЩЦãԼΪòϳ˵ģ⻹һ˿òء
߽뿴£Գûſǿԡ
أɽ߽ڣ˿󵱼ҵţ
߽뼱æһգ˺󼸲װģؿһһէģʲôˣ


236 ɽկΣ
ɽͷĿںڷկã ͼҲˡ
ɽ̽ɶձ˴󲿷ּҵ׼Ҿϸ ڽҶ²ռˮӱߣ ҲǺڷկĵ̡
߽Ȼһʴ ȼͷҲԾԾԡÿش˵ļҾ죬 жộβݺһʵ̫ˣ

ˣ ֻûʲôӡ󣬵̸۵ݣɵÿʼ˼ٳˮپҪְضٻЩºͺ̨ģΪͻȻҪߣˣ ҲϤӷҪܰ
ѵǰ˼˵± Ʋ׼ǰ·
תһ룬־ÿԲóʲôģҲЩ⽮ͷϣ ǡ
ȻԼع֮ʱ ؾռ֣˺ֱָеκԣԹһֱѣ عݺ ಻ɲȡ
ʹɱ֧ԮΣԼ߻ĹݵͷȻǹܴɣ ڽƾƣ
˼ˣȻؿ²ǷҪټǨ㣬ǵսջԼ
ɽһΪ¿С׬ʱֻо飺ĳΪΡ
һ⻰ˣʾк֮
ҲЩɽͷӲѾĻ£书ٸߵϾǸеģԼϽˣǲضá
ΪɶأλȨأ·֪˵٣ϢǷɿ
˵꣬Եһһƶػش𣺡ɷġϢһ﹤ֵܴģϸһ࣬ϢԿɿ
ȻϢԴû⣬Ǿ͸˵ȥˡ㽫׾ƲתƵ⣬ôԶ·;ôֻüҶͣ
ֱЦϣ˵üҶͻʲô̰ͣٲ٣ҲĿŵɾӻݰɣΪ˭
ûʲô˵ˣԷҪԼȰסġ
Ϊ޻˵߽ԼؿڣϴģҶȻ࣬׶ƽͷգկֵܿǸֲֻҪҶʮˣҾܰһˣ
˻һüͷֻҲͬ뷨˵Լ;ϾģܶҲȷʵֲ죬ֻýʻض
߽Ȼվ𣺡ãҸʮˣɽ˷סϹءֻͼƲ
ãһ˷ܣֻҪԷֵǾΪǣ

ڶ죬컹ûʹʮ˷ɽˡȻԭԼǰܸϻɽկ˭֪ҹӰûС
ϱˣֱ˸߽롣
ȱ𼱣ٵȵȡû׼ǮȥԴءʱ򣬸߽ҲԵûʲôˣϣڳͷƵأܺùڼĵ
ģϱʮֿ϶ҼҹˣȻȾҲ̰棬ͷģοôڣһ˲֪صˡ
Īţټȥ߽밲ùϱȥá
һڷկµ˶ˣ߽һֿһԺʣµ׼һɽ
ʱͻȻ˴˵иһֵͬ˵ػˣ߽뵱˽
ʱϢ㴫ʧܣ˴룬ҵΪڻֵܱܣ
ϱǡڴʱãһ⻰˹ȥҶס
Σ͵Ϯˣ㲻ɣȫҲѣô˴ˣڼתɽˣ侲֪࣬¾򵥡
ϣЩ˸ʲôҶżҶεĹٱзǼʮֵȫȦףȫûҪ֪һûߵС·ֻҲ
˵ķͽû˵߽꣬һŽ߷ʧˣ
󵱼ҵģһɱȥѶҵľȻɣ
ԣ˳𲻱ǾӣǶҪΪȥֵǱѩޣҪɽˣ߽Ĭ߬ȭͷ
˳ĬĿǰδóȻжǵȲˣпֵܴܰȥ֮ǰЩٱӪλҳһ㡣
ϱƬ̣˻ָǣһѹͿųס߽½ǣҼҹӱٱץˣǲǻˣ
ɩ˱żֵܣҶȻ߽˲١
ҲԷҿʱӦݡٱڵҪǻͿصļҾ쾡쵽Ӧû˲϶ҵġ
ǻ᲻ֱӶԶ¶֣߽һ½ŵ˾䡣
Բ󡣹ٱǼȻǷͿصļҾ죬ضҪ֤һʧץǵĶңҲǴ˳Ͻڷկһ򾡣֮ǰӦòҪ˶ҵ
˵꣬ӹ˿϶ҪȵģɴġɣȥٱӪĵط̽һ£ɽկϢв¡
߽һһصص˵ͷˣͰоˡ
ȴʱѰģ˷гɽկǰĽѹ֣粽ڹϱ߽࣬ⲽ
չҹһ˪¶̤¶顣
߽һӭȥô
ǣֻвˣͰˡ
Լɷ򻹻ţϱԷſЩģɳüչ
²˳٣ǸϽȥˡ
߽뻰䣬ѵϣж֮ǰף˷ǰȥҪĿǾˣǱΪݾߣҽ಻ʮ
ãġ߽벻˼Ӧ
󵱼һӦʣҲһӦ˵ڴ֮ǰǻԾľŽɣ£ѾŲɣøɶ͸ɶˡ


237 ͬ
ھĽ£ ߽ѡɽկõ߰˸ֵܣϾԼͼһиպʮ˽ҹɫڻѸɽ
ݴǰ̽ ɳĹٱа֮ڣ һ ߽˶ã 쾭ȶɸ߽ȼϮӪ ҶԷߣɼ;ҽȳ
һн׼߽δļ½ΪԻվտʹںҹܰٷС
䣬 һ֧ƿն˴˴жĻ
һΧֵҹӱм ر
ʲôˣ춯һ̣ʮ˾ŻѱӦ뼯ٶ֮죬ȻѰҶ
һҹɫзɳ һ˵Ĳ һ
Ƿ׷Ȼа߽ƫƫֹ߻λսʱһһط ʱһǹ ŪƣӦԣһ̾۽ ˱
Ͼ֮˾ϵܿ죬ЩʶԾΨԼ˵ɽ֮ƣǸæӪ²ҾתƵ𴦣ȵǡǡһ̡
ڲݴǳӳʿҴҵظͬӰԵľʹ˸ɫ
뿪ݴԣϢβ󡭡
һһ⣬ƻͨٱڲ÷϶ͷʲôҪҲľǼҾ컹ǹֱ
Щæߴð˴ð̣ͻȻǰðŮӣ󾪺ȵߺˣ
ϻȻͶ·֮ˣһЦѹɤΪ͢ٱ˼񡢿ȴΪṴ̋Ҿ켰߿ӣɷõ
ܣڳԣձ㽫ʬΣΪ׵һͷĿûӽǰһָ£
֢Ȭ󣬹ͻͽԸЩСǲڻ£ǰʮ˾
ǹٱͷĿƲȾܣûܳһ֧ʸбģ
ŽƿӪʣȴֹڴ˴ֻһλصﱧŸ߰СŮ˽ɪɪһֵؿ
ʱ֪ԼǼҾӣŮӦþĸ׺Ů
СŮԱ̾ˣСŵɷףƳϵѪʱʱһ˹ȥ
ôˡæĴСŮ־£ˮۿת
ԭ⺢ҲСĬĬţ漴˽Ծǰ
״æһ
㲻Ҫ£Ҳ˺ǵġ˵߶-ҿɫԣ˲ܷҿ

ѳɹȳ˹ڸ߽Ĭ½ȫնɱ
Ӿнӹһȳһյֵܣ߽ϲһ̲֮ͨס˵Σ𣿡
û¶ֻȥ˻ϻʡû취˭ϸТүүأҲƴǲǣ˲ʣȻֵˡ
ˣ⹷컹Բģ߽һ䣬Ÿмؿ𣬶˶ȴֻ˾䡰л
Ҳǣ֣ʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
Ǽɽկͬһĵֵ㣬л
䣬ʹؿڵǣڶǴһӵֵˣϴҲ̫ˡ˵㲻ͺ˼Ҿ𣡡
һҪ£ˣϴ˺üϸ˵ǧأ
ģٲǷݡ߽˵ֳ꣬彣˹һźӵϸˡ
ߴ󵱼ңĸŮոСŮһ󣬷һּ亱֢ʱҽΣֻ¡
һδ꣬һ˱ᵶ϶ҾΪȥֵǱѩޣ˵ţٵϸ
ýһתְʹԷĵѹ棬ʱ֣ʲô
Ǻڷկôֵܣ˵ôأѵ𣿣ο˶Ϊһգ϶ϣиծӳǱծĸ쾭壡ȻʧأƴȫǼĶ֣ͷϽǺ޹˼ɣȫ޵
ȵƣԩͷծĻ£ĸкθɣ˵̰͸ȫ壬ݲֺڰͳͳôЩԵĹк𣿣
ɽ˱ƿԣתͷ߽룺ߴ󵱼ңλֵܵ˼Ƿ˼
߽ƳһǰǸֵɽˣˣ㲻ԣ¡
󵱼ҵģ
ҵĻʹˣô
ۿǵĴ󵱼ɫһ䣬ɽֻڨڨջ˵
ʲôֱ˵
ֱ߽⣬ոձϵĻ⺢ӴɽկҽΡ
һը˹
˵ʲô˴غڷկʲôЦ
ǣһ̫Żȥɽկ¸ӣǻ˵ãⲻ鷳𣡡
ʲôһһ϶ЩȫǸٶӣ
ԣˣȥУ
ɽ˵Ľ飬ϸٿĪ磬ֻηηرδѵСŮ
߽΢΢̾˿Լ̹ԵҪˡĳܴӦϾǼʮֽ֣֮ŹļǸĳòΪڷկͷ죬Ҫȫկ°ֵ𡣡
󵱼ֻǵʵɲء˵ţߵϸԣ䲻ýʽԷ裬ͬʱۼֿؽסСŮȻ̧߽룬ڰɽկŸߴ󵱼ӦÿԿ˰ɡ
Էһ˵δֻֽ̬˵ߴ󵱼ԲģҲֻܺʦִ뿪ڷկˡ
߽촽΢ҡڲʱȵѽˡȥȥһһСҲ㲻ɶãʵڲа۾Ͼˣ
ãǱһءҿȣȻկӣճȻز١֮⣬ƽֻܴڷ䣬ǱҪóһ߽˵꣬ɨһ۾𡭡ŲԸԼþֲΪѴӦء

ʹɽһٸһǧԸˡҶɽկв˽ɽ󵱼ҺͶҶӦˣٶԹҲֻš
ϱΪɷ˿ڣűҩΪСŮΡȻСŮĸ֮üͷ
ˡֱԣĲǴ̥ˡϱһ˿βˡ
׼ֻһؿŲϵŮɲô⺢࣬׸껳˸˫̥ȫҶ˵úϲ£졣˭֪ʱѲѪӣһ̥ﲻ㣬δ¾زˣʣµСಡҶӶٴαҽҽҩûн
ϸȥɫ㲣࣬ȫȻƹٻ˼ǸɣధĨӿŵΪҲΪӵġ
˵ЩʲôȴϹϱüһ䣬ʶԼԴûע⣬˭þȻȺǰԼӣæڨڨر˿ڡ
һëʲ֪ддʲôϸ˵ӵѪʱʷһͣɵԼŵĸף̾СŮľԼƣ
΢Сرϱǰһŷӣɨһۣʲô
ڣҲ֢ҵһҽΣȬҩҼֻ⺢̫С÷á
ϱӹĥƬ̣Ȼǰһգû뵽侹ˡ˵ţ򼧵ЦҩС£ֻݸԼ޸ļɡ
˵ŮоˣСʵĿȻ͸š
ӦòࡣŮףȳҪЩҩɡ
ϱ˵꣬СŮĸæҪԶ¹ͷȴһۣˣԺЩȱ£Ǿллˡ˵꣬ҩתȥ


238 
ڷկΣǽˣ Щ˶Ը߽ɿ׼˽ɽľЩԾնʵʵڷ δκҪ
ҩҩɹϱͼ ϱ˵̫̫Ȼûʲôɫ һȥģ ǸСﴦĲʱЩߺ͵ʳúӴʱ䡣 կҲల¡
ֱĳգ鷿Ҹ߽룬ֻϸһκӱľϹǼ
ߴ󵱼ҡ룬ǿڴ˳Ĭ ˵˴жֵÿʮͣ𣿡
ڴҺ͹ǰ жʧĴЩǮЩη˵ĵǣЩߵļҲӦõƵĸɽկֵܣһ빲꣬ Ӧˡ߽΢̧ͷ δ;ִ˷ߣȻٲǵġ
Цã˵Ĳʸߴ󵱼ңðôǮֱӷֵַǺô
ôʣǸҳ Դϵڿϣ 廹ֵ⼸Ǯ𣿡߽˼֣Բ̫ˡ
޼ǲ٣ ҲҪʵǰŴŵ꣬õǮﻨ߽˳˼ȷʵû뵽һ㡣
˵ȥԺȣȥڶĲֻߣ¥Ȼƣ
ȿȡ߽ЩΣæÿΡü˵ˣկֵܴǲçǮҲֻᾡ֣öˣԼҲû̫⡣һʾ޿Ҫֱӷ¡
¶ûȥѰǼпȥЩһǧķ³ЩطǴٹƼ󵱼ѵûǳӣɽկֵ֮𣿡
˵߽꣬͵һԸԴͿ¶ҿǲܣлѡ֮ǮҪô֣
ֻһδвɽկ뷨ȻԷĳ֪޲ԵȣǮĴͷӦڻƥݡϵҪʣԱʱ֮衣Щߵļƶ֮ˣһԸǼʮôĿ겻˵ҡлȥһȲҲȫ绻ʳ±ÿ궨ڷȥЩй͵ֵǣ˵ȷͬãǮȻǵģһλꡣ
߽°ͣ˼Ǹ⡣ЩֵСȻһһѶˣҰǮ˭ȥ
ûѣڡЩǮóһȼÿǵַǣ˻ծһԻкܶǵĺãԺڷկж¡
߽ͷšȷвֵܵǱծͶ·ѲΪܣЩծҲδظǴ֮ͽǷǮǲõġ
δıߵǰЦζ˵ô࣬Ҫģ
൭һЦܱȫկƽأ
Уġ
û뵽߽ôʹӦҲһƳϵǾ
뿴ʲô飬ֱӵñǡ鷿Ȼ󣬸黹вٵġ߽뿴óǾκӱȤ˸˳ˮ顣
ǲκӱֻǲо־ʧȻɽկȫ桪߽뾿ʲôͷ
ת䣬ѽӹԷ򣬸Ҫлȴһ̱ԭñ֣ˣͶˣҪôĳ˸ϵָܷܿ岢¼
ԣ˭
߽
ԡĬĬǰİ꣬ʱ߽ף֮㶢ҿʲôû֡
߽벻ڣկ˹ϱЩںӣûĸ㶢
Ҳˣκ޼ɺʲôϵ
ʲô߽е£βŷӦ游
游Ҳ˵
Ū˰죬ԭ˵ⲿ˼Ҹ׼ޣ彣Ҳļױָָ߽ϵĳҵ壬Զ޵֮ǰ游ܳһ
ԣҲ壿ڸΪθ߽Ű塰տ¬ΪһȺ۵ȴװѵأΪһô顣
ɿ߽ӣֺѽֻϵȺš
ôҲòΪЩ͵İɣô£˵⣬߽뻰һתҲܹ㣬;ڻƽְ̨ضЩҷ֮ûġ
⻰Щδĵɻ󣺡ȼȻİŮľλҲ֪ͣߴ󵱼ΪηŽʳӲܵƧռɽΪأ
߽̾ϢΪԸⰡû취ߵ磬ʱϮ˾λҵİ˸Сĵط٣Ϊʵ£˭ٳܳɷ磬ʵڿȥ£ôţ
òҲ֪ûȥ
߽һ˵ǵ˻˵һƬҶӡԲģôȥʥһ졭ͬһ𱻴ľͲǽҶˣһ𻨡
΢΢һ𻨣ǲǻƽ̨ı־ô
ݸ;ϾУΪ˷ֹӣÿλԱ϶ͼΪʶִǰһҩȥȻҩʱЧԵġ
߽˵Ȼǻƽ̨ڲЩ̰йᡢһѣ߽Ͼǹֿ϶ʣղɾƣɴֱ֪Ѷˡ
ʵڻƽ̨Щ̰һ飬ǰ֪һʱʮַ߿ϽЩţģ߽Ǽֲ֡
ԣʹȥְԶ볯á
߽ûзϣǡҲ˹٣һｭϽʶʿһ·塣ٲΪǾеٸƶ
üֻ»鷳
ɲô߽εһ̯֣ⲻͱ쵽ɽô
ʱҲˣ˳ֽˡκӱͼɽͼ־׼Լкú÷ġ
߽ͻȻסȵȣ㿴ҵ飬Ҫôɣ
һƵתղŻ˵ҿ㿴ġ
ֻ˵㿴û˵ߡ߽дʣˣȴ˿졣
֪ߴ󵱼кҪ󣿡ɲСϸԷ棬ֻǸ߽ڿҪʲôôʵڲ֪Լʲôܸġ
߽ǰ˫ȣƺеС˷ܣҲʲô¡ϣھǰ˵ûûְֽҼС


239 ɴ
պ ڷկ칦硣
ͬϯԴȻȭϯϣ˽ö˶ Ͼǰկûʮֵܣ һȷʵҲûʲô鿪 Ϊ칦硱 ʵΪߵƺ󼰸˰ˡ
߽뽫뵹Ȼ 档
ҾƼӢ꣬Ը嵨桭
ƽ󣬸߽㽫Լ۹͵ķһһгһʼ˽ûзԣֻڽǮľĿʱ˲
һ̲ס󵱼ң ֵ̰ƣǶЩǮȼЩգ ǶЩȥ岻ݴǡǵǧ֮࣬ôҲÿֵֻӰɣ
˻һ˷׷Ӧ
ǮҲֹܶ⣬ ܵЩҵӦɡ
߽뻰䣬 һɣҲֻ𡣴󵱼ҵģֵܶһ䣬ǮǲǱ˸ˡ
˶Լ;𣬲úЦԼǰڹʲô챦û ῴǮҼھЩ Ҳȱ¡
ཻ̧߽
ֵģ ǵǮȻǵģԴɽկĿⷿֺδţȥ߽˵꣬ǼͷĲ֨ˣҲûȥⷿ鿴ϾǴ󵱼ҵƷĿá
ȻȻУΪָֻ㣿
һѽ߽ҡͷ̾Ϣһ׳ȻʲôںоƾͺǮͻʱ֡ûԼô죬ѵĴɽﵱһˣ
ԣ󵱼ǰЩǮΪԺ֮ǰʾɵļû뵽ʵȻ֮Ǹжʪۿ
ɸûϵ˼ҵġ˵Ҹҷô꣬ȴδΪǳı˳Զ߽˵Ŵϯԣ֣صϹл
ҪһʲЩɧɽ˷׷ܵǰһͷֺµĺӣǸǼشС֮ĶȾ֮˲С˹ǧЩͿ桭
ݸǲԼʶѣҲδ˵ʲôֵĻδ֮У˵ʦöǳλֵܵշֻⱲӶ縡ƼһƯ沨۸лӦҺʦлǡллǣһڷ絲ļҡ˵̳ΪԼһ룬ͷڴ࣬Ҿۿһȡ
ʹǰΪֳٲ˷ϵƱյҲδ˼ʹȻ˿̵ļȴֻԼһأȴһСʹʹشһء
ڷկܺãÿһ˶Լһ㣬Լಢǲһҡ
ǣ˼ǣƽ֯ʱƶ޷Ƶͷûµ
ʱԺ᲻ֳ뺥Ӱӣ˯ʱദǡԼҪˣ
߽ڵɽկڷǶԴ˺֪飬ڽ̾ˬ족þΨ𿴳ʹĬĬšü

ϵغȸˣ˷
ϱڰѾһ¯һ߶ôչ˵ġ֪Ӹմãô࡭
һԲȡ˲մˮΪ
ϱǲ֪ԷƢԣȴԾ˵ԻţֳƣľͷƵġȥⱲӶûϷ
̧ͷ˴˻⣿˵ţһ˯ò̫̤ʵ˶
Ʒã˾˯֡
ѾòˣϱϨ¯Ӻɷأϲϲϲ㲻ϲαŤŤҪǿȹҼҹӵķϣҲ̳ܲأͼȰɣҿܲܵȵ˼ҹƤҪ޸һ죡
δҲûϣޱӿźܵ΢΢ָȴ¶ľִ١
˵Ҷ˵ˣ㡣ˣԸιȡϱһ飬˵߾ߡ

ԵʣڶʱѹʱƽһʱҹѾʱͷôۡ
ʱ˵ӲȻԼĪЩģǵǾԼʱϱҲڳ˲֪˵ʲôһϱˡ
ѲǾëˣԣʱһŮӼƽϡ
ʳУȻȵţᵥȥʾ𵽵ô¡
Ѱʱ򣬶Էа۵ָɽկںɽһտȵؽвʱְ־ʱʾ
Щ˵ʽڽʱʦͨδѧ䣬ҽѹϰ䣬ʱЩڹķ±롣
óĴ㣬Щֵϰʽ䡢˵ʤ
פĦƬ̣ʱһҲֲ̧˲ϵĺ̶ɽ˵ţһ顣ȻҴߵ棬΢ôˣɻвʣ
Ȼָ֪ƺ֢ҡҡͷõúܡæģ㿴

ţʶӦ˾䡣
ϾһЦ·ѩڣ˲ԾȻκʶԭԷ˵ǸСŮ
ĲѾãһ繷ɽˡ߽㹻̲еĵҩҲϷ˱ˡʵ㾣𲻸ЩʱںڷկڶĿȾŵù߽Ϊˡ
ǰרעĽýӰǱ໥ײеһ񼤵ɵЦſ֮ˣ벻þͦʺϵһͷģȴŵôİϧ
⻹ö㡣üĿֻٿ˷ɵشȤԼǴδܻἰ
ܾʹ£İˡ
⣬кιϵúЦҪлҲӦȥл߽밡
ֻ֪ĽǷ켫ȴ֪ʲôµһ֮ͣ򣬲ǳΪһ͡ллԸĻᡣ
ɽկ̻ڷˣȻһ쳾̽ģȴղŭԸ
򼧵ֿ̫оļ⴦Īһ̣æܿĿ⣬תӻͳһ˹ȥԺˡ
ӹǷŵܰӣƼżɫС˵ֲЩȻó߽գԼɵ±ڼΪɵĻ
žԳҲ㲻˿װʲô׼뿪˭֪ڴʱԶĺȻ߽뻶ȸԾĺ֣ԭҺҡ


240 
ԭ㵥ҾһԼƵʲô αˣҲͲ֮
˺һվɣ²
ʱ һȥˡ
ڷկչ׳ һʼ˵Ĺģ䵽ٶˣ ǰ Բڵʿܷ׷ǰͶܱ߰մСںڷկĸߴ󵱼ң ڵعٸ˰衣
ɽկǰڸ߽Ĺ£ԡٸƶԾӣ䲻аŮҲⲻ˴ҽᣬԴ򼧵뾣֮ ̻ǺΪĵ塪ٸƶϵνߣ Ͷƣġ
ɽկھľָ£ͻͽ ĵȻǸ߽룬 üκ͹һӲҪȥϺȾơֲǣֻװһɽ

죬緹־ڣ һֱ֪Ǽƹɽˡ
ϱͲˣʲô£ԼҲͰˣ Ȼ˾𡭡ĪҼҹӻ Ҷúʰ
ЦǺǵģҼʲôѽʦҲᣬ󵱼Һ͹綼çײ֮ˣһ¡
ϱ룬ͷУ۾ͲЩˡˬǲȥɽһˣŪЩɽҰΣ
ã˵꣬ȡ³֧
ϱҩ¨һľ˵Цسկӡ
ɽûƼɽв٣һϱһҩ¨װˡ
Ȼۼ⣬ϧ󲿷ҰĢϤ˺Щȴʳãֻӵ
ۿͷߡٽ磬ϱĥĥ䣬ֻѸûȥ緹ˣû׼Ѿկӡ
Ȼϱһظ˼ûУѽˡǺȾ֣ͷתתôңȥǰ濴һͻȥ
ס㲻书ǧԶһޣϿ캰ҡ
֪Ҿڸתתɶ°**ģĶޡϱ˵߽ҩ¨һȫ˼ԼһȹǣŲسɽ괦ȥ
֮ǰժҰʱ㷢ִ˴ʮ־࣬ЩϡƷ֣ƾϴľ飬ԼӦȥïĲҩŽնһ
ûãȻԶŮ˵ļУƤһ𹭼ǰȥ
δ߳ԶϱһȴҲ˵ֻ߶ָǰĲľĹҲһߡ
˳ָķȥĿԽϥĻĲݣϡɼݴһȡ
Īţ󲻹Ǹ˰ˡ㲻ҽʦôӦü˵ġο䣬˳ּԷȾŶڵϵľ
𿴹ϱƽ첻µز£˵һɷƴӣ߽󵱼ҵĶ֣λŮվҲɶ¡ʬµҪοûκ˼׼Ȼݴһȣܲ
ʱСϱƵĶڼץżηηҽʦûɲҽʦ˰ҡû׼ǸǸɱ˷֡
ʵû˵ȥˣ۾˱һҲҶ
ϱ˵ʲôˡʲôɱ˷ʬģе֣ϾԼֱδŵһ˿Ѫζ
ְ˹ϱ䣬վԭزҪſľӵһͷᲦϥҰݣһ̣ǰͻȻ䶯һ£Ųݴﴫһ΢ƺߡ
ˣ
ɵ˫ۣͬʱϱҲֻۣһƾɡȴߴſڲݴУ󲿷-ïʢĲľڵֻ¶һȣѹָղűΪɱ˷ʬֳ
Цãǰ˷תǰ泾๸ĿòҲ֪ûϴˣɢһζ
΢΢üеС񱣬վҪִ㽫Էκʵ̫ߴǺ͹ϱһӵק
һڣԱߵĲݴȫȵѹ䣬һƷҫ۵Ĺ⡭
ظֿǰԲ֮ˣڡڣ

ֱӽڴɽկΣԭʳ˶ĢҳԵĲӺãµҩȥ޴󰭡
ʱ۾һܣɼһȵŽ
ˣӿԼȻκ״̬ץߵıҪ򼧵
Ȼδڣһѳʱסʺ
սɣӣ˲ҡ
ؽһߣδͱڴϣôɱ֡
ڣ˵ǣЩȻò˵һõйأɱڶҲ뷴㣬ΪλҸ⸱ģ
ۿСõĹгȵҽȥʱСñû֤ɽΪҧϣϴ𣡡
۾ͨ죬־䶼ʹԼķڣɲۼδΪʵԾڴˣŲ㡣Ȼִ뱨Ҳţֻƾ״̬Ǹҵߡ
½Ƴ˷һۣ漧뿪˷䡣
šһϣ֣ص䵽ϣǰһѣܲס̱ڴ
˵öԣ˵̫ˡͶ·ˣˣʱԼ彣òȣ̸αѩޣ
οĳĶָ˭𣿣

ʱ򣬼̽ӹһΡ
Ѿ֮ǰ˯ţڴߵİϡ
ĬĬ̾һ΢볷ȥʱƳԷ۽Ǵһ͸ľʱסˡ
ǡ
ϸ塢ж˼İȫͬӡһֱǸ߳жأѪᣬһʹǵ޷ġ
ɴ˿̣ǰ۽ǵһе֤
ڣ㾿ʲô
ġһҪ

˵ʲôµĴ󽫷ڣһǻկ߽һ֪˽£Ҳûզ⣬һ˵ǷڣʱĿɿڴ
˵ȣɰһ˴ɽկŸԸ鷳
ǵģҲѺڷկ͸¶ȥһ󵱼ҴɷġԸ߽ڵݣοҲˡ
ο϶˵ȥ
ҵľʶֻúǵؽ߽ͣ뻹ڴԼ̾ϢҺôʶġкζԹˡڲ˵󵱼Ҽ¡
߽˼ãֻòðɣկ졣ҿɳ˵ǰͷһ˲˭һżȻǹΪ֮
ԣͬҲ֪ġ


241 
ȻбҪȥͷ̸һ̸ ٴȷΪʲôˣһҪʸġ
÷ţ Ӧ Žƿ
Ѿ𴲣 ԭεøɸɾ ·Ҳһףʱߣ ɫЩ԰ף˵ľ״̬֮ǰ˲١
ҲڵҡĿӹϵľڣµ¡
㲻عˮܵƧĵطʲôڼڽ
ܾ˼ 侲ɲʾܾʹ˷¡
仰һĻĻ£ ۣһʹúвңȥıҾ͡
׷ӣ ܵ徲ˣ
֪ԷԼûʲôû ɵ׷ӡʱļ·𱻱Ӻݺݳһ¡
ɼ㻹ûңΪˣվ·ڣһֱڼͷ
ã ΪԷʲôҲ˵ʱ ȴЦſ˵ףǻƽ̨ɵĺ£
ƽ̨
δȼ׷ʣ ˵ķĹ֤ݶָңҲʼҡұ;Уһ⵽˻ƽ̨Уұ°ߡòѰӳֵҵͨԭѱΪѽҵҲˡ
ԣһֱ⣿ԾСܴǰϵڶȻòãôҲû뵽ԴԼߺ󣬾ô¶ˣ
ɴ˿̣Ȼһ벻ͨȻ⣬֮ĹӦػط˵ǻƽ̨ˣҪ˳ĹҲûôס
ǣ̲ס׷˴صһЩϸڡ
ŵĹߴһͨĹѨڣһ˲ץסʲôһ£ո˵޽ĹʱͼֽЩ֣֮
һΣڵʵúܸɴࣺ¹ش󣬵ʱֻ֮ҺԸߡ
ԸߣԾСתһ˼־òԡ
һ־Ĳ߻ԲִУܳκβӡ
빬뾣ܱ̻գȷԸѱΡӣŶ뿪ǡ
ƽ̨ĹĵӣҲҪӦϣǸʱԸѾǣͽͼֽõˣ
üšһ¡ԸǸСޭ깬ʼڳҰ֮УεҲǸ߹Ҫְӡ󲢲һױԵȴǻƽ̨Ǳϸǰ
˶ǿʵ·ǰԸ߿ʲô򣿡
Сұǰֱ֣֮ȥĹڴڼ䣬֮һŲ֪˵ţʶ߬߬ơ
ʵϣյױţֻջǶԭⲻ˻ȥǷдʲôҲö֪ˡ
̬ٳϸˡֱм׸ƣӸλȴʼնȻһοԶ˽Դʧ˾֮޲Զ
ʵݲü˼̫࣬Ը߾ǻѾҪˣ䵽ľ֤ƽ̨ħצѶ԰֣εһһγ
뵽Ȼסڵ䲻ĶԷһһԣȬϻعһС
һɫһӱѿعǣȥô
ȥ·һ˵ҡزعһӣȻһº͵飬ڶԷ˲֪ôڤ粻̬ȣҲʵòᣬڣ㲻Сˣز㻹ˣʲôӣǣϵȷˣҲܵɱΡڲ׷˭˭˭Ƿ˭ʱ֪ƽ̨ǣУӦ֪²򵥡ҪĲǳޣǷϣǾȥ𣡡
Ƭ̺󣬳һǣ˵һȥͶ塭˵úҺ֮ѸޣһȥԸҽͣ
ᣡ˵ͷƶֻҪ˵
ΣƫͷĮȻŴ̨㵹Ƕͦġ
ơƭôΣ˵ǧٿףȴԸԭңҡͰС빲ô꣬Ψһһֵ֮ˣ֮޿ġ֪ܶʱΪΡ̹ϣԽԽ󲻿ءֻҪ㽫Լԭԭ˵ġһЩ˵꣬һ㡣
ݸ֮ˣ޷Թۡ
֮⣬һ˽ġ·ڣҲ͵ð߶һرϡ
ڴĿãóԥȻȴҡҡͷȥ
ΪΣ㻹ǷĲ£ҡҿһ
䣬һ֪ʱվűߣУ
סžصعϷţˡǵǰ˵סԼ˫硣
㡭ʹüһ̧ͷӭǼҪĿ⣬ź֪ʶˡ
˵ʵҡ
˵ʲôأ
һ·϶Ǿڱչֱ˺ڷկӲ㰲һЩȴҪŻȥûԹ𣿣
ԼӦЩæɿ֣ȻӲһҪȥȥ㲻ߡ
ڵǶѲƬ̣δȼ̬㿪ڵǲȥġ
ڣ
ͼȰȴϣѾҲöѴȰҡûб¾ذɣҪϢˡ
;롱˳ȥȻûʲôǷԼѡ֮·ҲԼߣ޹ء
ɼȴ룬֮󼸴ţҲһ˱Ÿû˵ڣľһֱϲµţܲ
߽뿴׷ô£ȴǺǣŪʮֲˬֵܡ
ۿֹգȬС
߽뵹ҲΪΪ׼Ǯǣƥ͸ȻлֻЩ·ˡ
Բݸվ̫ûˣס㣬Ҳ
ɽ⣬ȻȥĸߴӰصغһ
϶£Ȱ˵ȥġ˷ܹ¶޶˵ָޣס֮ĶԹԹҲһ仰˵塭һԵľȻڣѻ̾Ϣһ󣬻ȥɡ
û˵ڵǣҡۣڴ̫ǿңߵһҲǱȻ
ŷڵ뿪ڷկָѰƽ·ʲôҲ
ⲻ֪Զǧ֮īȻһǰδеΣ


242 ڧ
 ܣĸȥץҩһͻһλ̫̫ӣ ǰԵѾͷ䣬 ؿԼҵ档
СѾͷĵӦһ ĿתؿͷĻͲż ͷҲ̧һ¡
̫̫Ѱ˼ҩڸҽַھӶʶ ɶ£ĳš
һһСɶĸ׺͹Ů뿪ڷկ֮󣬱ڼī仧
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֮ǰ֪ӵ֢Ȼҽˣһ꣬ ָһԼ๬ʱճķӡ̫̫ʹǲ٣ ֻҪǹСŮ£־䶼ǵúܣƽץҩʱҩһ㶼
ⲻҩҽʦΪСѾͷƣ ˵Щ 볣˲޲ͬ˵ٳһҩܴˣ ɰֵ̫̫ģǸλҽʦԼҺβһĴҽЩԷ߶߶á
Ȼ̫̫Ƕ˵㣬ȴͿںڷկǶξȫȥᡣ
һȥСѾͷӴ˲٣Ҳˣ¶Ůӵ㣬̰Ȼûб䣬ɽկʱʮϲЩˣ˿̶ǰĲżӺͲżèǹϱΪַƵġϱϰҽȴ˫֣ЩСȽĻҪºÿ
һżַ˻ửᣬҵȻǲˣСѾͷĶӡ緹ʱˣĸôûأ
ԥҪҪȥƣͻȻ洳˸ӣ˵ڱһ棬鲼һգۼֻһյĵ̡

ʪĵڣ˹֪ʲô
ͷһǼ˲ſ̸ֹͣһתĵ͸ĸ⣺شôڻȲͻ
һŻѪĻҵԴ˻һ˵˺ڻƽ̨֧ܲµؽؽ֮͸ѲǴǰ͸󣬲ǵľˣ಻ĻԻ͡
θĲٺҶˣôλûӳîô˫ֻǰһ仰ҭ˸Ǻ
ڨЦ̫Ųһ֪ǰԲʱҲûޡ
ԭǼҩ͸󰲲ڼīһ㣬̫̫żĵطץҩʱ㱻ƽ̨˰вأ֮ҽʦΪСŮ̫̫ģȷ⣬ǽձ̫̫ץҩʱһ¡
һ׵˼ʶ̣ͱˣѶʱһʱԼֶ޷˵
û˼ɫһһӾ޲ˣθôҲǻƽ̨ˣѶƹѲɻҪ̣
شϢŭ̫ĸףʵǶðʵпԡ
Ƥһ̧Ǹɶ
ǣǣͷĿǰҲֻǰץŻһ£ź򲻿ɵѽ
һأܴƽ̨ɣЦ
֪ɶشλҪǸ߹ԾȴҲίεķ⽮οڳ㣬ʸύ˭Ҳ֪䱳ĿɽλһǲκӰ죬ʱ򱳹Ŀѽ
˵һѣûذһۣҲ˵λϷû취ֻܷˣ
ͷҡø˹Ƶģǲǣҷģûҵ֮ǰҷˣ
ѱϣﻹʲôθעԴǡ˵ţý˴ؿڣȻһﳤȥ
˺һͨɫ࣬ȴҲ޴йŭ𣬱Ͼٳ󲻳Լ׵û
ûã½Ů°һ˿ת
̫̫һŮڶԷϣУԼ;ɽˣǮƱϴһ֮ȫȻô࣬ȴû˵ϡ
һ飬ҩô£ÿڸ˿ڲ衣
ⷽӣһŮ˸ҵġ
һԷᵽŮˣͼ¶پϷ˵Ů˳ʲôǲˣ˵óĻǰ
̫̫˫軨ۣѾضãǳŵͷҡҡͷǡֺǡ
ǲˣһ׼
Էͻһ̫̫ŵֱ£Ůһֱ棬ʲôģĲ֪
ϸˣǣ԰ɣȻ֪ŻϹʲôʧĵ޿̣һ߷˻¯ʱĴɽ
Ͻǰʰȴ̫̫һʹȥ̲쿴Ҷֻܾȣ޴󰭡
Ҫ𣿡ȴȥٸ㷹ʳģ˵Ը꣬˰ʹ̫Ѩ
̫ˡ̫ˡܶǸãһ֪ͷá
ӣʲôʱǸͷ
յѶȻ޽չ̫̫һҧԼûϵˣҲ˵ڷկľλãŪʮִܣֻٰ֮򼻳ʾ
ܿ죬ˣ̫ӵʾͷᶯ͸Ѻ̫ǰԱ߾ܲҵǸɽկ

ӵĵ죬˸еԼị̄ȻҲȥˡ
һһС϶ﲻģ͸ֻΪǵһװУΨ̫̫ಡг̣ʶҰҹʱ򣬾ϸĳʳͺʵıҲǾȳáˣһǾµİɽˮŵĽ紦
һĿĵأһָ⽫̫̫ϳָ·һԸʣµȥܱ;̽
Ȼֻ̫̫ϡǵõʱɽϮĵص㣬һŲ֪
ΪԷˣǻҪСŮº֣̫̫Ŀ޺졣æ𣬽ͷö
Ӳʩ£˼ҺòԸң˭֪һָߣһָǱߣһգ͸ƣڱߣ಻ԡ
ȴһһȵļƣһվָֻţ¸Ƕ
θܹɲʾǶ⸱̵ȥ
شˣһѾҹ߲ݣǼ̵ˣһ̫۲˻и̣֮ǰŬǶ׷ô
ǰڴ˴Ӫկǰ
ƳһۣѶҲƽ̨ǺãܲθЪźȲ裬ȴȥҰɣ
⻰Ų͸Ȼ
ôĪλĳֻߣϲ
䣬վһ֣ǿԲشϢŭҵֱڿЩ޶ϲ˼ֻһȺɽƣҪȷʵϼѡοոմ̽ϢҲ֪ⷽԲڹǽڷկ˵Ҳ߸ҽɽ֮УһһֻҪЩʱա
ϵޣθץʱ䡣һм䣬漴תȥ
Զһ̲סҧƵĶԼϵİǰʲô£;ȣߣҿⱲı߶մϣ
Ҳ˵ǹƣֺαظһֻƽϣԶıӰ･ϳ⡣


243 Ѫ
ڱڡң ɽǰУʱ㵽ɽ¡
˴·Щڿʣ ˮˮѾʣ޼ ⸽ϪȪˮҲ޴˼ң 룬 ǽʣµˮţɫЩ· ȡ뿪Ƭ̵ɽҰ
ͽһΣƹһСƬӣǰԶһСľݡ
𣿡һ˺üӦ𣬷ڹҪôǷģ Ҫô˻û
Ƭ̣Ƿʣ Էһڴףװ˰ˮ
ҲţȵˮӦûʲôɡţҨһư˹ˡ˸
ľưӲʱ һԱֱϮ 綾ţ˻˻Ȼɱ⣡
ʶزһ̧ʱڵͫȻһ ӳһϮʤѩµӰ Ϊ죺ô
̫ӵе㳦ȫ üĿ˿ҷɡ
ǰ㵽Ա߾˳ϣָ֮ӣؽõ͸ֲ㣬ΪЧʣԼаһͬЭչʽѲԼÿɽµȺϢ
˵Ϊƽ̨ϣǲ˵ģ̫ӵΪȻ
ɽˮµĹطӰӶһĻ˶
Ȼʵ֤ôɵƫƫˣȻ˷ڣ
书֪ǷڵĶ֣ǣʱ˿ԼһûУҪ·һ
̫ӵԼȫɳľ߰ûڵôضʱƳǰźâĽ棬Ŀֻصֽ֮˵ϣЩƣȴΪؽԷ˼Ҫˣôһ˴ɽ£û㣿
˵ڴ֮ǰ̫ӵǾɲŲģ˷仰ἰ֮ӦѸ˶Բߡ
ԭˣǲۣȫѹ
˼ˣ̫ӵ˽˻ɫɤŵŮӰɽҪǡ¡
Էúǣ֣ȴҲʣصͷȻתߡ
ϲʱͻȻקסڽŲһͣһ̶Է㵹
һؾҪֽƿ̫ӵ죬ֽһ§üǸңͷΡ
㡭ͻȻͷˣ֧ӱøˡ
ʹǰݸһҲδ֮˿Խ֮٣СֶδйһŮӶ䡰Ͷͱ˾֪Է岻ʣԸеʮֲڡ
ҲûϢá
̫ӵѲݸ壬ȴŲɣ㻹Լ߻ȥҪȥկﱨţǹ㣿
뿪ڷկʱھѾ˴㣬ӽǼŹ··Դ޹ϸȻŶԷšüġ԰׵ɫվЩĲ̡
ˣԷôԼһݸķϣһذɣ͵顣
̫ӵһĵ鷳ˡһܻȥţԼɲ¶
뵽⣬װӣĿڴ˳µؽͷڷڿʵǰĺܲҶҲ֪ʱܵȵ
ڴʱоһ˿Ծ˵ڼ˲ûʲôӡ󣬵ԷһģǱǿ󡢹̣ϲΪһͷβʾ㡭顣
̫ӵԼǼƤһû֮񱣬ҪǵѣŲһүϲ
ǾܾôŻȥģɴʧ뷽跨׳ɽկľλãҲԼðŷϷ
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һĨײɱ⣬򱡴΢΢ǰ֮һֻ֣ͷ㻹ǴһȥɣžУԼߡ
ԥƬ̣Ϊѵذ-Էһֻ첲סԸĲӣȻ˲
һ·ϣ˶δһԡ
רעڽµ·ɻȴڽӣܾԽԽԾ˵˵
ĿⲻӹԷЯŵĶ̽ǵúǷǳԵſ͵㳦֮丮ۡԼ౻һɱɱΨλصſͲ֪ȥǰ㳦
ڲһزסˣοҪûȥʡ
ɽľͷһƬĲݴԣϡɼһСͨɽ緮˵ʮΣ̫ӵжԷ·Լһֻºҵ
ټһͿˡ˵ţ΢΢ƫƫͷ
һƫ⡪ϸ޳ѩϾһԵ͹
ǡ˵ĺ᣿
ԣǡ
ʺȻһȣ΢ĴʹһѪ罦Ⱦ˷ڵߡ
̫ӵЯ㳦˿δʣ§ŷڲһֻһöĵƬڱմһȵѪ飬һѪǳҵġ

žһҩ䣬˲ˤķѣɫҩ֭õǡ
ū澸ǻŲȥɨĴɨʰʰ
Ըʱǡ˽һƼذһƬǽ壬ʵôˣ
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ȻԸߣԼոΪһûɵļ²Ųҩ
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˵
ݸյ߱±䶯Ƶ䶯ҰĪϲ׼һλΪ󽫾پ񣬾¡
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ϲΪǣֻλ󽫾ͷСϲ²˭
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ϢŭūŲ޴⣬ֻǵϵ֪˵ֻᶯŭϾūŸ˵ʱҲǳһ
ŶǺˣ
ڡ
ִԸһһϵĴ³أʱ䶨סδһԡ
Ը߼״ʹ˸ɫõڵĹ£Ȼ˵ūѾź֣ʱж֪Σ
˻һ֮ǰ˼ͻȻֹУ
ʶԼոЩʧֽ̬͵ѽ˵ʲôԹ˲ĻҲֻڱ֯ɱ̫Σգòʧ˰ɡ
ǡԸ߷¡
ֱٶȺϣյŵĸȪֻʣԼһˣſһظ֪
ʵһαװ֮ˣʲŵĵݡɲľ״̬µӦ˵ЩʱԺһƬհףʱ˿Ҳ벻ղԼ˵Щʲô
˽˶֪Ҳһ׷Ź˵ˣΤҲᱻ
Ȼͬʱìܵġġ޼ԼĸȴȻڴͷ֮ʱĻᣬֻΪһݸ᲻µ飻Թ˵ıѣȴһ̹ʱԾɱܵ໤
ض˵ϣ˫ĿնضŲǳҩյĵذ塣
չԴտڣڵͶһСƬϸĹΣһĨӰӡ
һضԼڹеĵӰ·пԼ뷮ڹȥһĻĻȻˡ


244 ͷ
˵ һߣԺָôأŽһϣ ںԺſľ
ô죬  ˼İˡ书 ֣κβġ
ѵüߴɫһˣ ݸ֮ܵ˿ָ
˵߽û¾ϲҾдԣĩ˻ҪԷһÿÿһõ״򲻶ĸ֡Ūø߽һͷˮоԼۿɼĽ Ϊɶ϶Ļøأ
֣ڵѲѷ ʤһ
䣬΢Цŵ˵ͷ󷽽ܣϾĹδȣλµһ ҵĽȻͻͽ
޵Цʱۣ ЩЦԽˡŶԷɷģһֱƽȥһСС ͬѻֳһһӡ
̸Ц䣬 ᳵ·ؽľϤ꣬׼һѣ ʱͻȻ˹˵Ǵ󵱼Ҫ£ٺڷկȫԱǰȥ顣
лƣͼһͬϵǰ

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߽ｲ˸ţԭǡ𷿡󴫱дɽ£ӦҪԺڷկ֡
ΪٸˣڷկԼҵ̸һСӣԴΪھݵ㣬ƽʱҪǸ磬̨һյ̡ϵ𣬹ʶ𷿡
ڷ̨𷿵ĺôڻ۵̻ǵ𶼻Ϊǵƣб֤ͬҲǼ⡣
ͻļɽկڷ˵δԵöྪţһĦȭƣǹΪ˷ܣĹٳկ׳ˣˣڲΧˣˣүƨ
˵ԾԾԣ׷׽ŶҪȥ޻ء
߽ȴԴ˴ɣɽկλԽ紦ܵشٱȻΧˣ֪Ĺģ
Ĺģۺڷկǲɣ˵ţھϱĵ֣˶ˣ
ṩϢޣδ
䣬ڶݼˡ
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ʲôһǧˣӣǸ߽룬˽Գһ
һĴȣӡҪһ˰
߽Ŀ⿴𣺡кθ߼
ڷկشɽ꣬Ⱥɽ֣ḻѹЩٱģǧоˣҲɽկֵȴĵεòʮϤֻҪ׼֡ݴͣӮǵĵ˲ûпܡ
˾Ļ߽԰Ǿ־ãжʤ㣿
ҡҡͷδ֮磬ֻҪйľǶʤġ
ֵ˼ǣһǾ񲿶ӣǱ㡭䶨ˣ
򴽣˼Ƭ̺ҲδأؼԷǺˡ

շէ
ոչȥһҹѰ߽һ˴ϴյϢ˵ɽڽ󣬸߽뵱Ͻ˼Աͽȥɽſڡ
˭֪ǰŽ̤ɽͷٲѹѹ鲼һȺʿǰӭչȻһ˶ġࡱ֣ԱһСսһŭĿԲצİ
ѩԾ߽벻ɫء
ΪܡռɽΪûһ⵽ٸˡȻȴôҲϵ͢ᶯѩԾΧǣ
ǲ֪߽˵ʲôзڿȴٳٲжϴ󣬿ҲҪżӣҪȥ̽̽ǵĵף
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ԷĻ̫ӵһЦȻ
ϴĳĳ˾ɶͷôﳤô񣿡Ըֹ߽
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һڣɽ˲ը˹ȻЦϲ£죬˿ֱ˵˳ǲʺô
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δӦۡһһڵĽʺǰ
ˡ̫ӵ۾תͬһֵļҵĺãôû
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߽սСտ¬ظоλֳܹ࣬ѩԾɼеĵλͬһ㣡
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֪뾣֮ĳկԼֵܣֻзں
ڲǣɽԱס˫ۣ̫һƬɽڷկȷλã˵Щ˴ɽˡ
ֻ֣©ҵĺãͬѳƽ̨ʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽н졭̫ӵ˵ţ̧һͷϵգһķϣҸʱúÿǡԼ߳ұŹկŮ٣ڤ粻顢翹ףǾݹҲ档


245 ط
˷ɽկ 㽫ԼԼЩһһʮ߽̹ףĩˣͷԲ ҲöλĴң ȴ̹Զԣ ҵĴ
ˣ Ҳ̫˭ﻹûŵСܣû뵽Ȼ߽벢ǽƽ֮ˣ еǰЩ޹ؽҪˣ;ֿʲôߣ
ҡҡͷδֳ˴б ѩԾ֮ӲӲ ѻʯ
߽ԣ˳Ĭ
ɽſʱһ¶ԷӵѩԾǧ֮࣬ ԼȫկҲˣ ̫󣬼ʹõƽϮҲֻһʤԷһǵһǣͬĸͷزԵڶΣ һ ˫ʮа-Ż־ս
Ѳһ˶죬 ѩɽǱȻġˣϵԽöԼԽ
ϴ󣬵⻹ûأǱ־Ը簡ù۾ƴ򣬴򲻹۾ɽڣûգżúܣԴڷկǲǲΣǼȻһΣȴûס
߽û˵ɣֲǲ֪Ǹ˸ôմ·˵ɽկôˣϢس벻֣ÿ𣿡
Ǿ͸ƴˣƣ˵ǲǰֵܣ
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£̲ס˾䡣
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һʱ䣬Եøء
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ЦЦˡĽԼˡ
۾źۼȥеĳʹ
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һǻûһ˵תɵľļ򣬴ɴŵ΢Ц
ֺγνתһʽҰονϣԶȺ嫵ǳҪã

ϱһ̫õϢڽһѩ
˵ϱҪϸڲŵʮ£ʱ̿ûأĶĴѩ˵߾˾Ըϱ£˵ʱڣȴůգʱҪů֣ôҲϾҪ´ѩӡ
Ҳ˵˵ͱ䡭˵ָ꣬ҹգǿһҲûУ˵Ʋܺ񡣶ҰȥɽܶСﶼʳˣǶ˳ѨҶ϶֮д䡣
ʵǣҲһ´ѩɡһǱ±أ
ϱһۣӱżôʱڣ±±ӣֲϷ
ĬĬ̾˿Ѿֳ֪ʱΪͻȻ죬ΪδĸĿʱ䡭ԭԷܿ콵ѩѩоսѩԾרʱѩɽһ⣬һݴ͵֮ûˡ
Ҳļ߽˫ֱʱش˳ĬסЩѩӡʵҲѡ˵ţЦһ£Ҹո˸ӡ

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ϣһ²νһٶߡڷկܣǧͬһֻһףΪҪʱ俼ǣҹζ𣿡̲סʡ
̫ӵתδһۣô꣬㻹һ㳤ûСơսʤ֮Ҳս֮֮Ҳܲһһ£ΪҪõ
¾ãǲƲ磬²ԴСʶһ㣬һʱȻ翹ƣֻǵòʧ
Цǧ٣С̫ӵһë׼ȷοյ񻨵ıͲˣҲƲˡ
칪˵⣬һʣ˺˪˿˿Ƶͬһ˳Žһ·ϴܣ˲˸顭
ֱϴĴУŻȻѩˡ

ëѩһһҹûڶҹѩѴһ߶ȺɽװعԲʮڵɽѩǡ
Լޣչɫδڷկһֽս͵ӪųҪ̫ӵǧ޻ء
ŵòӵĻظ̫ӵδԳһ˿ŭ⣬ֻ˳ֽս鶪裬ĮȻ˵֣
ǰѩԾ˴ͻѩ˵Ǹ̫ӵһ
˵ûɶȵĻѩ㹻ѩԾʩչˡˣŸҸԷ컺ʱ䣬ǸԼȴʱ䡭ȴͶȡ
ʰɽſܱߵƸߵ㣬ǿĿתع۲ɽµŹһ仯
ңզڻûʲôҲôɵţһСʵͲסˡ
С㣡ԴϣֵǵȣǾ͹Թȡ
䣬ֻǰԶѩ΢΢һĨɫ˷ܵĦȭƣˣֵǣҳ׼˵һ֣ͬʱɽѩطż
ԭ߽ν˵ʤĵӱѩԾıؾ֮·Ԥһ㶤壬ѩﵽһȾͻὫס
ѩԾ˵˾ѩض֪֮ؿнʱƱػᱻѩĶˣƤͷѪ
˴γѩͻȻѩѩԶຮɶ΢ܵѪ㱩¶Լ٣Ϊһӡ
̼䣬£ѩԾ˹룬ʣļƲȫѩγ-սˣȴϤܿ뱻һɢ
ʱָ˽кΧɽʬҰɱ졭
һʱɽҰٴιڳš
ڴ˴ɨս˵棺ң˶ʮģʮˣս΢е󣬲еþȡ
ͷԷأ
˰ٰѸ©֮㣬ҪҪ׷
˿ɫ˿ĭȳȥͬӺúˡ


246 һپ
̫ӵǻƻʱյսģ ʱվĺˮϣ׼Ǵ
ŵʿѪۡǱƴһŽѩԾܵϢ˻
һǧ˵սüȫûĿ࣬ ʤȻһȺ ҰܵҲ̶ã
Ϊ̫ӵսᲪȻŭ û뵽ȴӦƽ ·һоԼ֮УѩԾʣˣ
ࡣűͷ޾ɡ
̫ӵʣµһٶ֮֯һν
̫ӵ䣬 ǴŵС˼̧ͷ̫ӵ£ЩһӻһǾƣʿ䣬ȥǰװ
̫ӵü뿹ӣ
²ҡһССűǲ棬ֻˡ
ڽˣ Ȼвȴһ˸վȰɡ
̫ӵɨһȦˣ˹͵λвʣ ʵ̫ӵ뷨ܼ򵥣ѩԾóѩƽԭսɽؽսܷӦеسǲǸӣЩɽ˵ע⣬ 㽻λˡ
̫֮ǰѾϸоһĵƣ ڷկλǡλƬɽɽ괦ͨɽµĵ·Σɽһˮȳ˴ˮ·ӿڸñʿС۽ȥ ڲƣ һֲѩԾǰⳡ̱ضʮþȡԼļƲߣ ̫ӵԵúš
̫ӵµ֮ƣĩܽˡֻ𹥵ĴۡǷ̫󣿡ͳΨŵԣߵĸһֱʱʵڱﲻסƾͷƵƵʹɫȴ̲ס˿ڡ
ϷҪȫףΪ档ôǳԵĵ̫ӶλǾþɳϽ᲻װɣ
˻һ֪̫ӵѾζҪִеˡϧҴһٶѩԾֻµҲ֪ԼΪӣעˡ

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޹⣬ҹɫ
ʮҴ󴬽ҹɫغӵϣΪ˲¶ԼһɽֹǰС
̫ӵǰǧ˭֪ͷԼ˺ȣûԶδſڴµûڵء
ƺŲסڽԼ̫ӳСȥ̫ӵԼĪܵúˣҲûоܾ
̫Ӷսһ쳶˷緫һ·н
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Σˮͳ˿̾վڴͷ۲Σôģ¾ǰĸĽԼһֲ
ĿǰΪֹһ
ͳ춢ˮϴƬƬƯҶӣü૵ôôҶ
ؽĻ˴ɽïҶȱǶЩټϺӵխˮ֦Ҷѻں棬ӶӰдٶȡ뵣ǣЩСľݡڵͷǵıʿ֪ˮսܵʲôӰ졣˵Եĸ
Сʻ괬㲻ǻ¡ȥڿʼ˼ǿ䱸ͳñһᱣأϴǰѩԾò̫ӵνġ֮ǷЧս͵ֱԼɽ˲ݿܣܿԶԸĿµˡ
ͳָʾ˻С죬ʿܵţ׷ڴơ
еķʩͳĪе̤ʵɫԾ׼Ȱ䲻Ҫ룬Ȼݡһƿ֮ڶ̼ѣǻżʸӲ壬ˮϵĿҶѣʱȼһƬ졭
ʧɫæһߴһ֧Ʊͳ졣
дļʸȺȻ˷ɷǵȻֱմ׷ͶˮҶһˮϾ棬۴ѸٱΧ
ǰһĻͳڷӦЩҶ֬Ǳˣ쳷
ȻΪʱʮС׵ͷһȫڰӿڸʱҲûôס
һƱӵ˴ˮҲǻ𣬴Ҳ˻𣬸·ӣ
ͳһβųĻ⣬ڸǺã
ͳɫҰףǿ򶨣ʹṦȥϡ
һۺӰ˵̫ǿˣ뵽⣬һצ߸ߵһɽʯһף׼ȷعסһʯͷ
һŽӵһͷͳ죺Щ
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ĩͳ˧һҪȥ̫ӵ¡
ͳ֪ٵȥضһɣ˫սʹһţȵص˺Ӷ档վȻͷϯβ˲ѸûĴֻݻ𺣣ҽ쳹ɽ֡
ͳʹתûǸĻԼûȥ̫ӣϢȥ
ϸһһǰסȥ·
ӰУҹɫΪһ壺ˣβºһ

˵ѩԾҰܻǿ̫ӵ׳նΪʤòȻˮȫûǺݺݴ̫ӵ
Ȼ˵ȫûҲȫ׼ȷϾ⣬߰˸бܽһ
̫ӵֱƷְ˸Ѫͷ
͸˴ҳΪֻӲͷƤκѾˣǰɽƺûôΪ֪ϴη䣿
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һԵͷȻδ飬ȴҲλκñз˵ǰ֮ˣսܵҲӦһ˳еҲֻô룬ѱûǸ˴򱧲ƽġ
̫ӵüģƣɫѺȥ䡣
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жˣסˣһʱ䲻׶Էʲô
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ڷկ˴δԼ ȫկ»ȸԾ
˶ԾֱǷ߽ڴմϯش˷ʤ˿ʹ顣
Ȼ磬 ոǡǡǼ˴󹦵ľ𡪡ݷˮͳ콻 ̫ӵڴϡ
֮ ڣ ⳡΣδȫȻȹ
ˣ˵ֵܣѵýһˣ ܱܲüģǧ˶һɨ⣬ʣµǸ쵰磬ɶõĵģϸƤСģܰզһֱڿ죬¶Ǻ󽲻˼ɣ ƾϱʹĽҲûӦ
Ȼ뷨կ˵뷨 Ǵü򵥣ܴ˵һΣȻҲܴ˵ڶΡΡ
ϱҲΪԸһƣԼ Ī¡󵱼Ҵǰ˵ģ ȻɽկǾһˣ¾Ǵҵ¡۽Σס Ƕߡ
ңң룬 һۿ΢΢ȡ
뵱Լֻһ֮ ٵ롢Ϧӵеֺֹһ֮ء
ǰԺΣⱲǣֵˣ
¾룬ƳڲԶַƵľ
ϯǰ߽˵ʲô󹦳һߣӲҪžԸһʵ˹൹ûһöԷʧ̬ӡ
ְ㲻ص߽˸ãշԳɫǰ֪ٻˣҲֹһΡأΨһһκȸˣȴͷ˯඼òѡҲ˾Ʒôã϶Ǻȵò࡭ϣ
ƽΪƣҲȰ˲̰Ȼβһһ߲ܣΪ߽뵹ơ
ƹѲڷկĴð뼧֮ļ˽ԵڸǰϺ˯²֪
յĿ⣬˸ơ
յͷűһ춯ֻ̱ڻƤϵĸ߽ȻδҩﳹԵһֻ첲֧Դǿӣ۾զ죬ڳݲૣľơΪΣΪͷǰһ̳轣ڻ¡죬ôδִ㶵Ŵ˿վԼǰûһļ뾣ţʶﲻԣôúõģܡѵѵ⣿
Բסˣ󵱼ҡھɺҩģҩ
˵߽꣬Ȼˣ㣬Ҫʲô
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δ߽꣬㼱ز廰ԣ˰ľͿԲ˴ҵԸǶˣȻܳȥǾԼǲǣ
鲻Խ𣬸߽Խ˵Խ֪Ǿ߶βһƬͨ죺ôûпǹҵĸܣûпǹҵĸܣ
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Ҳšһбĳ·һԵġʵڲеĻǴһӣҸɽͷˣ
ҡҡͷ壬ƽ̨һʲô֯˽öࡣ㵱ô˶ܴӳȥ
߽סһʱһ仰Ҳ˵
ǰ书½ĸֶزôûӳƽ̨ħƣοկһֵܣ
Ϊڷկ죬Ҫ˼ӦЩֵܼҾ죬ʣԣҪʱö˧׼ͼҪǸǡ
ҲôӦңҪһѧڡһûʵ㲻ߡ߽ţᡣ
̧ǰ΢΢-ԷƽӣһȻĿ͸ھ벻̣Ǹʳˡ˵ţָ磬˶ԷĻ˯Ѩ
߽볹˯ֽյĶϣ΢΢أҵĺֵܡ
Դˣǰ·ټ

ƻʱ֣罥𣬺Хɽȼصͬޣ֦ҶͬϵĲѩһϯһա
뾣˫˫ɽʱ̫ӵӭ米վ·ڣֻһ
Ǽ֪Χּ䡢ݴһŻƽ̨Ķ֡
Ųͣ߿⣬̧ǰԼһģһ磬ǰ̫ӵǰһ˳Ӷ΢ģԼֳ
ڣȻҡֱԷֱ뷴
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һ̫Զšȴ֪ܡԵãѹֵһĴأնЦҵڶЦ
죡˾ҶԱ̫ӳԲѷ̫ӵشϣǰ
̫ӵԡü˶裬ʹԷǼ׸硢һ֮֮ϵ̫ҲСȻ뿪ƽ̨ô಻̫ӵ£ȻҲͲý䵱ϣκι˼ɡ
裬ȴ̹ȻһĸͬѪڵã¼ôԼܸ߹ȥ
ԴˣϰΪĸѿĲûоŭޡֹˮ
̫ӵһ߸ϣĸ֮⣬˽Զūϥ˵ػǰһɵУ˵񼧵㵱˵ֱ޻֮ӣǳ׻ٸɾˣ
̫ӵɫ࣬촽΢΢һСǻϣȻִԲǱ㲻ضǶѴˡ
̫ӵҧÿ죬ҲδͿǴĿģ˸ָʱʮʿΧľ뾣ŰΧ


248 
뾣𱳿 ˫ֽսۿΧĺˣһĽʹչ
̫ӵȫ Ƴһߵã ܷ񽫾һ£
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ʱ ʿڿն𣬵ֳֽ 뼧ɴ̶
סͬʱһǧܹԷâƬ̼߽ʮɱСǰûֵˣڰнλ ط
۽ڹɲ⣬һ ܲܺ㣬Ҳһ˵̫꣬ӵȻ׶Էָ㾿ʲô
ȻԾ֣ ǿ һٿ¶ڻ¡һҪˣƱػڹʱҲͲֻŹֻز ʱһȻ뱻
ֻҪЩʿĲԣ ǰͺַǿǵбĹʱ˼ˣ ̫ӵ¶һ˿Ц
뵽ԼгһҲΪߣ㣡
Ȼʮ˵ֹھľտ±̻⣬ȻţʮʿĺϹ
̫ӵīڵ𰡾ҵҪܻ˵ʲôʱ򡭡
һεĺΧӦþԵó٣ʮԱˣԼҲˣҼ类һӡ
ô֮࿿ȫķơȻԡ
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һΣɹʡ͵ǣΪԼػһءͻȻֿڡ
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Ĵ׷ɵĽ뽣âͬһ㣬֮Ѫɡ
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ҿͰΧѳЧ˵䣬ֻӳһǰ˻ΧȻڳԮͼöƼһʵǽ
ϵǣδԮ෴ûгǱ߶࿴һۣһת̫ӵķɱ˹
⣡һʱ˶Էʲô
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һԡԼӣˡ̲סڡ
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Ÿʲô̫ӵЦţǽԼĲޱȵĽС
ڴʱ˿̣ھǰǡһһ첲Ӳж£ʹϮҲֻҧ촽˺ߡ
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̫ӵδ䣬æϵǧϵԷ⾭ֻ׸ˣ
ãǡϣ̫ӵسŵ
ԥҪסԼѨ̫ӵȻһ̧֣˵Сº뾣Զ֣˵ţʹ˸ɫ
˽̫ӵƢԣ֪ɣľԷ⾭ʱˣᲽǰص˾ظŴѨ
ۿв̫ӵһûʳԣǻ˻֣ˡ


249 Ӱ
һ֣ 㲻ԼѾʵĸ첲޲ܵԣΪҪ
Ȼ˵ȥˡΪβԼߣΪҪֿ
ȫˣ֪Ǹ׾ӵļı ΪλҪͶ
µ ˵Щʲôأ
𰸾ͰǶ ǽ Լ֮زز˾ͲǾˡ
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أ̫Ӷݣ̫ӵһʤߵ̬ ˵ơ
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ָ֣߬׼ٽģĸ첲ոսϣ΢õǣʹԷÿһ仰ǣ
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˵ţأԵͷǣûҴһעˣΣСоֹ̬һѧҵģıҲǳҡ
̫ӵճ鴤ҧ飺㵽˵ʲô
ءһһⱲӣҵӰ֮¡

ؽ͸ۿۣЧʻϣҹתīһݵпѺ̫ӵһдؼǣһͬĻи⡣
ϲԣȴѲޡ˵ʲôѾѺһ⣬һаš
һİ˭֣˽ôǻƽֿ̨ȵһĿôУҲָ
ỹڷ޷޲ƽⲻ֪ϵԸۏˮأ
ͶðɽˮԶֵڣԼôҲǸһ֮µĸ쵨սľɫһ뵽Ҫϻؼǣ̲סķֹ
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ƴһʧܸգڼǱסˡ
̫ӵ̣Ҳûκι˼ɣϾǼ塢ϲĵŮΪֳ̫ӵҲ޷о
һͨһ㣬ٺùЩ
ֻҪţܻϣԼͲôҪˡ
̫ӵûɱʲôͼıһ·Ҳû׶ԷĴ㡣
Լֻһ̫ӵԼܸʲôأ
أ뵽һϸڡһªڣȥͬķ
һ£ӦǶϷԱ߾ĶϷ򣬲
뵽͸ܹѺһطȻ̫ӵԸؼǣ˲Ŵ½ֿǣôĿĵʲô
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µԼкüֵɱ
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250 ӷϴ
̫ӵƴݲȡʵĻش ŸΡĳţ
Էֻ֮һʱԸεļƻһٳɹ Ϊĸ󻼣 ҲԼ
صǵ ̫ӵȴõһϢϲʥ屧 һδٳ˻µڻڹ
Ϣòã ٶĿǰ̫ӵ˵ġ
̫ӼȨգûбڸõĻᡣ
һϲ Ȩջأǰ͵۽±᳹װ¶
û· ֻΰסΨһĻȥעһ

ΪصǺӭԼٲ˱ˮΣǲп̷û뵽ЩǽһйóԺúȵĹţ գ š
⣬˳㻹һΪ۹˵̫ӵΪġ
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ϵ˼ʲôʣԺϵ˵ⲢδԣֻǸģȻѾҲˣùܵ˵һ֡

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ؾһ·̫͡ⱸ±ƣΪӷϴ̫ӵ˵꣬ŮɫԣΪ䲼ƣʮڡ
ĳΪΪͽ𡮾䡯֡һѪ⾡̫ӵ֣֮Թ޻ڡӲһ˫忡üĿ·˪ѩƵģһʱǼΪ˵ƵĹҲɵͣ֡
ūţĸǹ߻Թɫģβʶ̧٣㷡
̫ӵϵ˵ʲôû⣬ֻӻþߵĹ£˵ûǰȷһѾ뿪˻ƽ̨֮ȻҲҵ£Ϊε𡮾䡯֣ڹȥЩԹԹȥɣҲپŲš֮˭ҲǷ˭ģֵ֮ʣ̫ϧ˲ţβ˱̫飿
һ־ԳԷθϿ֮ȴЦǾ䡰پŲšֱ
֪̫ӵƷȴδ뵽֪ܵز
˭ŲţһٶǱϾ·
˭Ϊ˴ﵽĿĶֶΣ伫
ĳǸˣһգ̫ӵ¸߿ˡ
Զͷͭ¯ﻺ̣ˮζ̫ŨЩѬЩʡͬ˫ѪȻӲѬ㣬ʱŹϹµĹƮɢڱǼ⣬һˣ֮°ŵȴ
̫ӵЦЦԷƱ̫Ӳţδвۣ֮ʹôСáɳҶʱ򣬻̫һֲĻᣬͬҲǸԼһᡭ
ָ۽أ׶Էֻ˵һ룬һԶ̫ӵھʵǸĻᣬѡֱӾܷ߳͸
뵽⣬ǿסѪӿĳ嶯кηԸ˵޷
Ϊӷ磬ôҲúúóٷǡ̫ӵƵ
ʱ̴ֳһˣȥ˿ΣƬý磬ƴɻģʱţһɫĽ֭һȥ̲סʳָ󶯡
˵ʳסЩӲһ̰ͼڸ֮ˣҲ֪˿һĹͣ͢˵Ҫʵĸܱ֤ѿڸУʮѪȲ̡
˿ҵ̫ӵڵôãһһڲ˶ûЩʳϿζ͢εաΣ
ԷԾǶ಻Ϊ⣬˵ԻʵʶΪʳļ⿣̫ӱĲãδΣǧĸ࡭
Ȼ̧ͷǧ
֪ǧǣһսҲˡ
ǧԣмУ̫ӵȻ
䲻ز졣ǧȻ󣬵ҲϡȱսԴ겻ģɵǧ˵ƥɲȵС׺硯ӦǼġ
˵ʲôѡ׺硯ɱˣȻе̴ľ类Ӳ۶ϣ
׺硱ǼİԣһֻճСԿʼͱߣһ·̤ɽ𺣡;ԭйɽ¡ʱ޼Ļ顭
û뵽̫ӵ⽫׺硱ɱˣΣɲȣֱԣ
ǰ˭֪ô̫ӲˣӦãҰҴӱ˦ˤȣԸֲʶ̧١ڤ粻Ķ̫ӻҪôְ̺׺ʵڲ̫Ӳϲ̫ӵ赭д·˵һֵһС¡
ǿŭ⣬ڵľ֮¾ǿж֣ԿҲԼ
ۿҪŭȴѸٻָƽ̫ӵİ̾ǡµһزԻ˼Ϳƣɫԣһܼ
˼ˣ΢Ц̧ù˽ȳ£ȻƼȲȤЩָ˰ɡ
ˣĳԴһϲͨѹз˾䡣
һζϯϻ۸磬ǧĸΡʵڸ㲻̫ӵʲôڳôѵΪɣ
αؼھܾͷϷ̫ϧˣ̫ӵ˵ƣԭڶ˿֮ȻֹʦǷ׷ء
źһ˽嵭˵ڹŨѬ֮ȴһ˿㣬űѩʢŵĺ÷
漴һ󡰶嶣塱֮ƮƮޣֻһѩŮӱԵŴ롣
Ů´µɴֻ¶һ˫ǳľӣī˿һֻ͸İ񷢿ޱߣһţһһ̺ϣҡҷĲڽϵ巢ö졭


251 Ȼ
ѩŮȵ̫ӵǰ ֮΢΢˸СŮݣ شһˡ
쳣ͣ 紺ݺ䣬 ͸Ȼģ Ѱֻ¹ͷҪֵ
̫ӵԵ˵ͷݣĽ꣬ 챾̫Ӿ͸һᣬҪúñ֡
ǡŮӱ̫ӵ˸תʱľһۡ
ģȻʣķҼ ˡ˲һֱ
üͷšøˡǼ٣Ůͷϵİ񷢿ҲǼġ
̫ӵô Ҫʲô
㸡Уݿʼ١ˮжƵİָϸϸ£żһ˿߿Ļ۲ת䣬 һ渵
ֱһˣ ԰ӣü۵ʹϲ಻Ϊ
̫ӵʱ˳ĬΣ
ĳһϲͨ ۡ˵ʵ ͨɲʾͣղһ֪ݵǼǰҹʱһӡ
ֻݵ ֹģµͬİͬһٴͬһۣҲ޷ᲢۣһƬ½ҲȲϡ
ȻЩ̫ӵͼˣеЦ
Ϊ˸мƵˣԼͻᱻ
̫ӵ֪Щʲôʹ˸ɫݱ˳ȹԣ£ΪһƣСŮӼ׾ӣѵǴ֮ã뾣ͽһ
ǰ˿ķϣ㾣䲻ͨգҲá̫ӵЦЦһζĿ
𰵰˸ѹͷƵͬʱ಻ɫرܹŮ߰Ťӣ̶俪ڵĳʵӣֻݹʮָˣɼһ˫ٵ֡츳ˣѧʱձسɴ
̫ӵʹײݵ£ҲĶһŮӼɫ˼ȥҲֻòһ¡
̫ӵգָֻݵ˵ϳȥֶ͸䡣
ݴ󾪣쵰С˲仨ʧɫſڵ϶̫ӵ
𶼳һ֪̫ӵڷʲô衣
ѵԼո˵ʲôԼܾ̫֮Զŭ̫ӵǨŭһ޹Ůϣ
һ֣ܼȣ
ǣȻ̫ӵкβԳžĳαˡ
̫ôȫ˳ž˼ģ̫ӵԵú޹㿴ˣֻ˫֣Ա̫ӾͰ˫Ư㡭
ҲҪشϡ
ңץס°ڣ޵滨꣬ǿ
̫ӵӸ¿ǰһĻЦɲС̫ʹ֮ûջصĵ
˻һǸ߾𡪡ԼһԾŶ˵֡
ݷ·жȥеһ㣬̱˵ϣĽŲȻĵֽŲ̫ӵűߣһһ󣺡̫ӵ£ٸһɣӦҵģֻҪϲңͿԷһ·
̫ӵ̧°ͣ޵ͨС̾˿ϧȻһ˫۾վ䲻ϲ㣬ҲûбĻˡ˵ţϳȥɡ
ݾˣǵĶ³ֱץϸݵĸ첲һ·УֻССİ񷢿۵ڵأһߡ
ŭص̫ӵˣ˵棬㾿ʲô
䵱ѳҲǵѣΪǸãųôĿֻࣿϧΪô࣬йһ˿˿Ķݣ̫ӵ˵̴ӣⲽǰĶԷļ򣬡ԾʲôľɫҲһӵĲлȻ㣬֪ΪΣ
΢̧ףĿͷŸɾ㡣
̫ӵҲ⼤ŭŵʵ㱾̫Ӳ˵ԼҲúܡֻҪţ㲻㡣
̫ӵսھĶϸڳһϣǵһµģô
ͻȻ˴򿪣̫ӵعͷüһãûصĶ֪𣡡
£м鷿򡣡
Ϊƽ̨ľʦƽճϳ֮ӼӦҪ¡ǣ̫ӵֻ÷Ҵ뿪˶
ټĵͽྣһˣԼϯơ
öڽİ񷢿ۣСս·𷽲վŽյĵţǡ

̫ӵһ㱻ͷһʣ֪֪ȡǴᱻɱͷģԷԣ³֮󶼲κȥ㡭ǻòͷ𣡡
԰꣬ѱķ˻ȥ޷죬֪
ߣ㵱Ϊǰװǧô죿ڲұ֤Լһֱȥ
ԽļƻҪ̫ӵɫţʲôҲ֪ǵȵĲһã֪˻һ£ػҡʱ˵Ϊұڸǰʵʩƻɱֻôһ档
дΪ𾪣ʵ벻ͨԷﵽװЩʲô
ûҴɾȥִдڣʤϡ
ֲָɫѿץв㡭
ۡôҲ֮٣˭Ǹڤ粻顣ֻҪһعңΪȡһЩʱ䣬ʱ룬δûлᡣ
ȻǷˣعرɭϣ߸Ǹƣо֣Ҳδܳ¡һдʧܣһŭ֮¶Ҵ࿪սΪһ㵣𣡡޿̣ǰһѾס̫ӵ߹ߵڣһ򲽣ɱҳɹ϶عһ붯ңˣ塢ԱֻҪӵһλټ˹ԸҲˣһоù
ھļԳ̫ӵֻ˳ǣûôࡣֻǲԸŴ౻𣬲ԸԼԸֺĿ¹Ӳдػš˵ţ΢΢ĿЦЦżԳһףôѧʣɻбľȹߣ
Ĭˣ̫ӵЦҲ޼ƿʩѧһأѲɻҪԴ𣿡
ᱻعҲһͳδټĽɽֻҪǰݷʵϸŻ⸴ಢǲܡ
仰δ䣬̫ӵ̲ס˼ҵȣҵȲˡ̸ָףһŶءյһ֮
ΪβܣнʮأǧԽ⣬˸ҵĹضʮ꣬˼ᣬ֮پλճһ踺أΪξͲܣ
ԣѾ۴˷ǳǰܣҶʱˣذɡ̫ӵתȥһнԶıӰ
ۿһĨӰʧҹɫУԶȥӰεΪŮ֮ⴢ֮λλֻҲֲ㡭


252 Цص
Ѻ ȴͣǱڼīǽһ۵լ
ǻƽ̨²δΪ ˲ܳţ ÿʳһӦõġ
ⲻڣ ֵµʮ־ְ ÿĸʱһֻÿ״򲻶һɢ ҹլۡرһһ˫˫۾һֻӬɲȥ
ҹбڶ¥ǰ͸Ĵɴңϵ£ Ǻ죬 ϡӳԶɽԼ
أŷߵδͷҲδ
ֱš֨ѽ򿪣 һŲԽԽ 󼸲ͣ٣΢΢عͷ£
ʱˣЩЪϢһλɫװŮӣŸ߸ߵβ һɫ̽ üѵ뼧˵ȴò
ֻ⿴ ߡŻ󿪣ƾӣûͱץˡȻһƤû̧һ¡
ǰŮֻ֪Է塱£ƺء
⼸ʳԽˣٲúϢӺܿͻ᰾ס˴Ȼû齵˼źۼ̾˿˲ϧԼ壬˻ᣬֻҲӲȥ
΢΢һ£ĻʼδȻתһ룬Էô˵ƶӲô
˶٣˾䡰¸ˡȻŴ˷š

ҽةľĵ£ϲкת⼸̫ӵд񣬰æ֮Բ丸̼˲һȦҲࡣûа״аٹ޲޵̫Т׫Ϊ蹦̵߲˷֣Ǻ󻰡
ڳԶţһذס̫ӵذ͸˾𣬲õǵ춨صʣ߽ϡ
һ²óýϼִдΪβһѳֵƷ֮ʣ̲ס̫ӵ̡
书͵˫ǳ뻯һذ׶㹻ˡһ˽ѱ޿֣һʧȥ˿ƣ֮ǰеļƻıǰ̫ӵü͸Žǡ
ʵӦִд˴ԭԼнĳ˵Էͷ
һԹɫ֮󣬾˳Ļ˵ȲţôһȥִҪǷЩ
˼Ǽ֣ΪЭʵΪӣ̫ӵüĻǡɴǡ
˵ʵڵģѾɳȥԽԽġɴɱϾԽԽãֵĻһᱩ¶Ŀꡭ
ƺԥ˵ʵҪɶˣΪһ㹻
˻
˻ƽ̨ڽھĶ֣滤ңδκ©ذ϶ܸǡĽ鲻޵̫ӵȴĬĬȥ
һѵİĸôҲ֣ĸɳȥе᲻á
̵ȣ²ð˼ǡкַΪ֮ѡ˷д̣۳ɰܣעǻزˣ಻ܽĳɰȫϵһͽϡһʱб䣬ϵĺ֣ҲǴɱжĹؼѭѭգԴȥпϡ
̫ӵ鷿ʱѹ磬θһĶĳƲҵ࣬΢΢
ԶԶӭռӦʺȻǵδ񣬷˫ָڱ󣬷̧°͡
⣺ذԶиչ飬һȴδȾ糾ɹˡ
һۣθ洺磬ʲôϲ£˵Ҳ¸մմϲ
ذ⻰˵ġҽΪǣʲôʱϸˣǱϲ¡˵΢ȭǡǰ֮˲
߳˶Ժţϵ΢Цʵøɸɾȡ֮Ŀĳ
úϧҫӰɡϾҲ쵽ͷˡ

ҩʱ򣬼ùţԤϣûô
ĬĬ̾ϢһԷûĻȥ
ûθڣȰҩ˰ɡ
սϣƷ綸ȻϮһݵرܹƻӳͬʱʶ̽
˷Ƚ˫һͬչƣ֮ѹʮС
ҩô£ͻȻסĿƵؿǰİ塣
˯ǰϢʱоԭһƬĵﴦȣͨ֫ٺľҲ֮ǰɬ
شң
Լıʣֻûش𣺡ɢù岻ã±Żˡ
ٿסԣЩʼδ֪֪ôĺ㲻Ҿһ֮
嵭͸ĵ̣ǰݺԲ鲼˲֪˫۾ʹ书ǿҪ볹ӳҲ¡
ΪʲôҡΣ̲סʡ
밢ƽʵ벻ͨԷΪð˴ķҩֽţ벻ԷԼɡ
ԣ촹˫о֮²
һãȻŽ͵ݸʦͬƽ̨ѵһУ²˶Σ֪ģϧʱΪԼҪôˣû뵽ˣԸι˽ҩ
ĬȻƽ̨³Աѵʽԣ˲ж˱𣬾ͬ˾֮һߣٻһµġˣϵ˿˵ǲ
Դλƽ̨ıֲ˵ѵģʽȴܴ죬ֻпվȥߣܾȼǼںʱȹ壬ûʲôӡˡ
ôȥˣǵҲݶ飬һֱġ˵ţҩݵǰﶼЩҩģԻɢҩкôã¸ˡ˵꣬ʰ꣬Ŷ
ºϵķţɵڤ롣
ֳԼľݵĵ̣ԭ޷ֻһ͸½ãõĹǸɶˣûԼҲ̸ʲô顣
ֳ֮ǳڼɵѡ˼īСطΪĹѺ֮أνࡢ㾡
Ȼվ㲻㣬ֳôҲ벻ˡӭת


253 ѩ̿
عʮ֮ ȵһ벻ˡ
δЩ˫Ȼ һķγĵΪ ˵ŹĹӣ üЩ̫Ӧ
δϵ֮գ н˼ǧһʱԣ ջǾȴ˳Ĭ˺ܶࡣ
ֺγǡĬĬţȴվѹסͷʣֳΪλңǲǴӦʲô
֪ԷʣʵĸƵġ
̫ӵ׷ŹеκһһǶﶼ
ȷʵӦһЩ¡
׷ʵʲô£
ʵ Ϊƽ̨İʲôأЩɱڡùеˡ
У Щĸȴڲϳ
ֳôܡָ鲻Խб߽֮ʣȻ뵽ʲôòҪԾɣ
Ϊ̫ʦ 㸸ĸ ҶңҲǻصǰӣǰ°ˡЩ¹Ȼ鷳ЩҲЩ Ҫȥʹûң Ҳбˡ
촽ǻӿɬҺ㡭
ˡҴӦ㣬 úñԼȻһЦֽ΢΢ɢҵ޷ͬʱİһ
ãɻˡ
ڼīδãδڱҪ뿪
ܾ;һ̣Ȼǰô޼£ǰ˿ţĿ;
صլۡʱҹŵƣŽȥȻǶŴ⡣
ǣ㣬ʱչ˺㡣̾Ϣһ˳ֲ̨
ʱʱ̼̿ǹűˣȴΪԼǡתͷĿɫ
Ѿ˾Ϊλǲ跹˼˵߷´ʡ
ֳҪ룬þΪʹȥִʲô˲õ񡣡
򴽣źۼرܿߣֽҴ࣬书׿վҲܻΪġ
ҡҷ£˫ֽǰĬĬ˫ۣսͨϢ𽥳ӯȻһǿҵĲȴѹ촭

ˮϣ߽븧ٶ衣
ƻ裬һϮƮ
֣һ£ȴ˼һ㣬ƾҲҲѶ
ȴƽ
˫ִϳ£߽̾ϢһʱԶıСеϴҰ㣡
һ·СŸϹ߬Ÿӡ
߽뼱æ˿򿪣һֻ
ⲻǵ𣡡ۼ⣬һ±˳
߽ٿȻתȷҴδ
ûȥĩǼһȥɽСǴΣֵܸ˸ӣһ˲ѡϱѡġӴģ˲ǮأƵ᲻ô߶߶˵ţȻһԴӦϴǲϢˣ
ôģ
ͷһСһûӰˡ
ѵǵҴϢϣȥӪ;֣
߽Ǳʶô²򵥣е˿չϸ
û뵽һ淢ã
ӵĶ澹һС֣÷Ĺ߿ȥģ
߽۾漴ϳһ
ϴ󣬵ǲǡ
һδֻ߽꣬ȻĿһ˿Ȳϵǣȥī

˯бһƹƹҡѣæЬ˴׼֮뵽˱¶ԼźŲŸ
ڰУ˺Ȼץס֣һĳݵ

ǰ
ЩһŷǳԭԼ彣ˮġ
ô£
岢δشһŶ̽ĽһӺų
ǰſżһ˲䣬ֱ㶵ǻĺԺԼԺǰһźˡ
߽룿
ϵһ߾ʬ壬µʿ߽һҹ£ݵڻк֣Ǳǰѱʶȼߵİ٣Ҳһ۽ϳ
˷ˣȫʬ߽˵ţִг
˿ɽսֻĶ̽ʱ׼ųһ㡣
岢ǶˣʱҲΪչˡߴ󵱼ң㻹һɡ
ǰһȴͽ£ֻüĿչڶ̽ϵһֻҲ֮ȷǾľȱ
һ֣߽һӱòˣ֪𣿡
ϢҴȥģլۡΧĴҲҩƾˣô׾ٽƽ̨ľݵһˡ
ԭ뼧ֱ󣬾ֻȿֵ˽ｻ˰壬ҲҪ취Ӵڷկĸߴ󵱼ҡ
ףµӪȼΨһϣֻи߽ˡ
ȷһ㣿ҿθ¡ӹöӣ̲סʡ
Ļشֻһ䣺Ϊ۾ң㲻Ϊһ޸顢ֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺߡ
岢ûиԼ¶ĵģҲû˵ϢĹѺΣաڽⳡϮܹȡʤҲȻӦӦϵĽ
δһ˲ǰܹԼһ΢ССݡ֮ͣԼǵЩˣȻڶԸʩԮ֣Լڰ̶
˼ˣת壬д񣺡˷Ϊһݡ
Ǹʲô弱æסĸ첲ȹҵٺͿҲжг𱨳ĵ
߽̲סһ뽹ǣǾأ֪֪̫ӵصȥˣ
ȥ׼ɱһڽһкгǰңڸߴͬʱڳʱܸ֪١
ԣپתӲ˻Σǰһ󷢺ڡ
ҪɱǰĴǼգ
иһô죿Լ
𰡣ΪҵİΣȥͿ飡
͸߽뿴ɫԣæһһҲס
˵ϵļ٣Ҵ֪أοСӣ۲ŴԣΪһڹ˽䲻ֻǴ˷ػʧء
ˡǺ⣿
ȱʾ԰ΪδӦ񣿻˵д̻ʧԼ
Ҫʲô
ֹȻ䣬ʲôˡ
͵ƿ壬ľҪԺȥ˼㱣ҡ
߽볤һ죬һקס㲻ߣ
Ҳž𡭡
˵˼֣㱻߽ϣôΪ㣡Ըȥɱֳŵ޷Ǿһʧܡһعŭؽйͻƽ̨ϣ߱ػ֣֮ˣ㷽ɡΪô࣬еŬ֮𣿣
վԭأһʱ侹˵һ仰
ãߵǰȭ֮֮£𽻴Ҷˡ˵ز˾һڡ


254 ˮһ
߽Ѱ˾Ůʬ ϰ·ֽĶ̽˵ϣȻһѻլۡյøɸɾ
У һԲ ֱֻؿ趯ĻҡҷšԾŴݼ ϯ˷ǰݺľ ֱԺһƬ𺣡
ͮͮཫǲ԰׵ӳЩѪɫ

߽ùһȻͰǣ Լ뼧ȥ˽ӱߵһָصȴϡ
ˮ׳ʿһȥⲻҹ紵˪ѩ°ڣָ߽⸧ң߳
ڰǰѾ׺ãֻһֱδʡ
 ԺȹӰ˼ˮ ǻѿɬԣ컯һ쳾Ѫ費ϡ
˵ Ǿ ԭ߽ӻóöСɵݵǰ
һ£̶ֽ˹ȥ
Ӳ֪ʱԼӡһ绪֮ͬһȺӰһ ſ֬ζ ӶһС۲㣬 Χ˵٩ȤòǧѡһȴͻԼ˺ܾҲûͳȥ
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Ȼֻһʱȴֽȡ£תһӰ
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ʱ䲻ˣ ҵȵ ҲȲ𡭡뿪ɣĲõң ҲظðաʹұץסҲΪҵġŲԶĹţսе彣ͬʱȰ߽뾡뿪
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ҡҡͷ㲻סҶٻǻһ飬Ⲣʾߵ飬Źģ Ҳһ
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·ַļ⣬۾ӲǱ˻ȥǿʰ˵öԡҪҪʬûȷϾϢ֮ǰҲ뿪


258 
Ҿȼй ٽ𣬴լһʱһССҽٳͷ ΪĽѵĶ
Լǵ͵úܣ лаݷã լŽ һڹһǺö죬ԻΪϵӡ
дܷ͵ǫ˼ģ ȻҲƽȴڴġ
Ŵ֮̿ºװģر˼Ծ뵣ǣȴһ㡣
գϸѾˡӡҿ㡣㸸ʶ֮־ ǰһٹ˺Ϊ ֽһΪ֮Ŷ鰸ǰϰֵĶӣĺȻһơ
֮ĸѹѵǰȥ̽Է˼ʮа-ǳɲ˵ģ Է ÷ȥʣͲһˡ
ȻڶٲϲǿԼӵģ֮оͷгϢ ʱһЩ¡ϲ˵ ȴóصա
ҪгһշձΪĸ׵ľǰͷˡ
д֣ ˿ĵĻúʼ΢һ٣ɵ̧ͷĸʵǸڷһµ˧ѡɡ
⺢ӣԽԽ񻰡ԼҺһ˼϶еҲס
̫ɴ̿Ͷ֮ɱһֶ֮Ϊʳܣ̿һǻ£Թʿ֮ᣬΪ塣ɴɱ˴²ôˣƴһ̿ͣȴվܷŹĻʹˣͷԵĶܿһս޷⡣ĸСȺ顢ѩⶼ
ԶͷͷǵһҲ÷ˣúúãĸ˵˵㸸Ϊ˧⹫ɼҵˣ
̾˿ĸҵɼҵģǹ֮𣿸ԻӢϣֺαضһپЩ
ҾЩΪ㿼ǣܵ͢أ㸸Ҳ࿴пԣԼӣûۣΪ˿ǣӲΪıʲô
ʥơнǿϢôˣܶԼܴáУĸΪҿǣҲΪҿǣûһôΪҿǣһ仰㽫ҭ˸ס
ǰڽ̵ϣȷʵδܹͨһ˻ˣԼȥȪܼ϶Է棿
ĸ죬֪ոԴǷף±ʣ߶£ס֣ˣ˵Ļ
Ľ§ڻĸⱲӱֻиõǰ̡

֮ºܿ촫ǣǰӽԹʿ֮֮Ӯ
ԶԶװžĹ벻յĵصףٱһһµĻϣˡ
û漣ûзתûо꣬ûйûһӦеģʣµֻаããϵһǻѪһġ
һнѳ䶨Լ˶ŵԣӴ֮ա
ûпޡѹʵϣ˰ͺӣҪ˱Ǿ𡭡Ҳȥˣܲʹ಻ѹ
ֻؿںۺƣסһͬһĥȴվδܿ޳һֱֵĸ߽޵رģ·ߵӣֹֹס
ֿΪѣȴֻؿţݼһ¶߽ʵüʧֶȡԼ䰮ǰҹ١
˵˵ƫƧߡϡ٣ǱϾعڣʱƾֻ»Ҫ鷳ѵ
߽뺬ҡҡͷҲ︧٣ֲˣȻٺõֵ˭ءвһɽˮɾǧżѻʣѣԻ֪ѰԵѡ뾣ӱ˴Ϊ֪֪⣬Ч²پҡ
Ǻοࣿ飬ȻȪ֪һ겻գֵٶֻȥҲ԰ϢϵԼߣҲǼΪӣΪ˾Լİ֮ȥǿϧԿС̾
߽˼Ƭ̣ǲ᣺ˣٺô游ô˼ҾȪ֮¶ĲҡԺǲٵˣΪ´֮ԸԸԼΪ㣬ΪһõľչϰӡԼȥɶһ˵Σһ죬ǸиΣô
˵ţ߽żٴ֮գڡ

һ漴˫ۡ
߽ǰֵֻ˵ڷկɢʣٲԸֵܻϣȻ㣬ھʲôûϸ˵Ҳδʡ
統һߣ·ֻʣһˡ
δѡ߽ͬУһĿǰ˽ңͬ⻥Ӱ죻Ϊó߽ϲ濴ȥһʶȥˣҲñҲԹҲãǲɱġǶĺޣҲжԹ
ֻվռϷ磬ʹԹɴʼո߽벢δйֻƬ֣ʹк⣬Ҳ˰һء
һЮʪɫҰΧ鲼ĽҰûס˼ֻܹڻѱߣ˯˱۾Сһ
ո·ϾˣͬһƬ沨֪ȥδӣججԱ߾ŻȻȻԼ;Щ׵ء׹¡
һĻĻͷٸн
롢;ͬ顭ˣıơϵҲ޷ֻŻȥ
أϷһ䣬һO@
˭˼ʵ˲ʮˢˢɽʿӰһԾ
һ֣֪Էǻƽ̨ˣҸֲͨʿɵĺȻ
ôôͱǸҵˣ
ۣȻ﷢¾ǵ˱ˣɱʣµģԱѪϴ֮𣡡ͷĿһ£˵ȴ˷
˿̵˼֣һɣӦࡣ
ȻԷˣֿڿ˵ҪɱҲżȻ䷢ټȴδϱǣǴԼһͺðˡ
˼ˣһ䣬Ȼ׺ݣ˲תΪ
ֻҪЩ˶ˣԼܰȫˡ
ͷĿû뵽ôܴ򣬿սʱ޷֣Լȴкü˶Է£Խ׼ɢһ
һ٣ӦѸٵסڱǣȻ䱳ɱû٣ֽ
ۿҪ֮ʣһӰɳ׼ȷЩ˵ǰغ󱳣̼׷׵ء
ͬʱͷĿ󾪲һ̴˶Էࡣ
л˰֪ɷһսʣĿ
ǣشֻлصɽּ޾
Ŀתϵĺʬ壬ϵǺͨķవ沢δ㶾ֻΪеҪλԲһ
ԿóͶ֮ڻްҹɫﲻӾ׼ǵ֮
˭أ
ʱ򻹻˭ԸðټķնʩԮ֣ȴֳٳٲأ
ðҹѣһֱȫȫⱣˡԺﲻֳһĨɫӰ
ݸ


259 
ݸݸܺɽľ ԼӰǸˡ
ǸԼۿԷǰֱִʹȥȷǷ񻹻ϣ ȷǷ񻹻漣֡
ݸ ֪㡭ϼң ǾӦһ 𣿡˻ߡ£ľƣ֮£ Žصϥ򵹡
ȻΧ˺
ãõϵη˺ۼŰһ̾漴һһСɽӯ߳
ż΢ǹ⣬ һ̿˶Էò
ݸ㣡δ䣬 㱻ݸһǰӵס
˱һţʧʹޡ
ΪϲԴ֮ա
˿ˣ ݸ㽫ȫ˼ ֧ߺΪˣʣµҩ̲¡
˵һжǾıõģ΢΢һȶʵԺк֮
ݸȦǺģ һ˫۾Ҳˣһٳɡȼƻ ΪϷȫף͸ҶΪƻƷΪִߣ ޷ϣֻܾܾһһԭ˺͵͵ȥǾҲˡ
˵öԣңпм¶ֻдҶǳΧУܳװѻƽ̨Ȼػȥ˵ţǻȻһᣬôôɵ֪һԹȴʼֲֻ¡Ϊ˷ѾıˣȴδΪԼȥıһѰһ·
Ŵŵ˳յ䣬ǼһȫȫΪ˾ᣬڵ֪Էج֮ʱĿݸ֤มˮ֮ʡ
Ȼվˣƾھο׷ĪҲزˡ
ݸ˾Ļ֮úһׯںɻ飬ͨ˵һӣһ䲻ԣȴҲ
ϵİ̡ԥһ£̲ס˾䡣
ʵһ۾Ϳݸһİ̺ۣȧһֱ쵽°͸õӻģȥĿġֻݸһʼû˵Ҳδʡ
ݸԼԼġ
ΪΣһڣ漴ʲôˡ
˵򵥣ƽ̨ж˽͸󻼣ֻܻò޷ϡ
뵽ΡΡ֣ḧݸǵЩ˵˰̣ס᣺𡭡
ôۣܲ
Ƥ⡢Ѫ죬ôÿվôȥô᲻ʹ
ȻݸЦҡҡͷۡĲۣһѣûʲô˵ġҼãӲҳªΪءҺ֪㣬ġ
˵Լɷʱû߼ʵĻëѾͷʱ¶顣
ŶԷҸἰ֮£һ뵽ǱϾݸˣԥջȫ
ݸˣɫȻȥȻôȥˡҾȫȻ֪
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ְ𣿡˾䡣
ݸҡҡͷҲԹκˣֻԭΪԼΪĽ٣ȴû뵽һ֡ˣ޿κΡ
ݸҲ˼ֻЩ귢ֲݲ˵һ飬ֻԼ֢Ȭľϸ˵ˣعЩ赭д
¼ȻúãΪλҪߣ˵ʲôţǸ˸ӣ㶼кˣƽϡһ뵽һӶǳϣΪôίݸвʣһ˼ɫ뼧ȥԼСסһʱգȴˡ
ݸҲһңԼУʵڲӦȥˡ
ٱ֮ʣԼֻ͸˶Է
ӱкĶùٴɳ͵Ҹӵļ񡣡
Լīعһ·糾޳˰죬Ҳֻҵôһġ
ݸƴǣȴɷ˵ҵһ⡣˵Ӵҵĺã䲻ϣǿߣֻ»ɷԼҴķɾδ˵ԸԺǲóˣ°ɡúãʲôҪ˵꣬תȻȥ
ݸԭأʡ
ǰһȥֲ֪ʱˡ

أҰ𾪡
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Ա߾
šಡƿ֮еȻһͣڳڵϺЩ
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ʱһѴ󵶼ĲϣͷĿͷسԼûʲôʶİѲŮ˽㲻
λúֻҪ˺һСǮʲôĺͷһǼǵĸۿսҪյſˣǾټһսң˭֪Ȼڰ;ܡ֪ײУֻܼϣڶԷǮܷŹԼͼˡ
ޣ϶ּۻۣӽǰһɱˣͷĿ˿ĭһѽϺƷڵء
ͬʱһﴫŮӵļ޺ֻͽǴӳϳḾˣһ˶Ǹ¡ٲȻǸиϺĶϱһЩСŮ
ſǣȺϺĶǰȴǰڵһȭߡ
ϺһæͷĿͷģҶϱףŮҲ˼ˡкãдŹȫҰɣ
ͷĿЦӿҵˣǲиû˼ʲôϵ
ǡǡϺɫҰףָŶԷ˵һ仰
ͷĿ˵һŽߵžֱɪɪŮӣһ͸ĴС㣬Ŷӵĸ˶Щͽǵˣðɡжһ
ҾȥҲŹǣСӼѵ̧ͷȴֻԼñϵһߣǿаڵأĿѡ
һ˲ŮвͷĿȻһֻذײؿڵλãúѣ
żӰǼ׼иʩķ˿̼䱻һ
ʣ¿Ϻӵļ˾㵲ѵؿվϡ·ƾճֵӰһưռı飺ˡڴ˷
˴һñ͸İɴñһֱǡסȴһﲻֻǻ̧гֱָʣļ˿ܡ
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һͻȻӦʧɫ㣬ʿ𣡡

֮ԭعΪ˭ϵһ̿;Ϊ˰޿Ӣۣ֮Ĵ˵
֮ڶУû˵дʧȴƾųֵȫˣҲ˵壬Էһ룬ĵؼԼģ֮ԽԽףԽ˵Խа
ҹ
ǶһؾӪڣԸһ˪¶˾ʣ⼸찵Լű
Ҷܸ仹ʲôֵ֮С֣ǻ˺θɣѲɻܴӵصɱһΣ£еһûһµذһɵİ񷢿ۣĵԸ߻㱨
˷ٰһͽ׾٣زһԶҲֻ塢Ըߵȼĸ֪
ūΪСҳݣ֮˴Ʋвɵġ
ΪЩԶΪ֮
˷࣬;ءԡءԾڰտڿഫǾӢηĹ£пȴ̫֮ھĴǵزġֵսˡūŲò뼸֡
ԸߵĻɹ£˵֮辣־ˣֻ࣡ϧý㣬ǹ֮ּ޼ˡ˵ţһЦ޻̸֮ˣĵɽˮĵزҲգ˱Ըһ̲ˮøЩ


260 ࿪ս
ǰ;˿ܵһ˱潣;£ ǧлԷǸ𣬽һ·͵˸ĳ
ϺӽŮ찲ٺãóһװùĹҵǮ ˵Ҫлˣ ȻԷ෬ƴǣ ջûнܡ
Ͻҵȳл ǱС϶ȮһݰɡϺ˵űҪͶһͬ¹ߵл
ǽһһ˵ĸ첲һɻȻɵɳ һʱǸӶ˾޷
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ϺԼĻ軨ֻۣԵĶ⾣𾣴 ˣ쬵ģ 绹졭Ҿ˵ôôϡ
ֹʲôأ쿴ϱôˣϺ˾䣬ոշ¡
Żع ϽȥԼ󸹱ӡ
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յСʲž ɵðһ䣺ΪƶǵλǾأ
ϻ书ôߣôãǾ˭ǼܲҲϳ𣿡ػص
ǡСֹ
ǶȻ˵ʱҲܵͣôŮӵ

ҹĻ٣¸ԱҰȼһ
ϥڲԣ߰ڷһɴñůӣȴôҲůĵס
عվǿսˣʶԭĽǰһ
֪Լھˣǲҡ
Լ˼壬Ҳǻƽ̨뼺ɣǲؼڰмΪѣҲȥЩΥ֮¡˵ҵġ
ȻϾĸĹǡѪŨˮ޷ᣬԼվˣĸѡͿֻ֪̿жٰռʧιι
ֵĲң˵Ĳң
Ե彣Ϸɵ˸ŵ⡣
ܸܲңҵӦôе彣ס

ҹؾӪȴƻͨ
һȺ´̿ݷҹɫУԶоʵķе-׼Ŀꡣ
ݻƽ̨յ߱ǰĿĲ̫ӵǵ񣬱ҹϮӪɱ
һ磬Ⱥףع㲻òعڡ
ˣǿɱҲ֮תΣΪ
Ϊ׵Ĵ̿˸ƣһʱ䣬ʮֻ-뷢оֵصļأ
д̿ͣݣ֪˭һüؼ׳ֶܵʿ̴˷
ӪһƬ֮ʣ̿һӵʿչս
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ǣһԾ𣬳ڵӰ˦
ǰѪɫŶϴ̵ļУϡ
ˣ
̿Ʋסĵļϴ˶ûҪҲǱɡ
ڡһһؾĽ䲻̴˴̿ļΣʹһˣʱһжҲѾɱ߰˰ˡ
˼ѳɣʱȥϽˡ뵽̿׳һͲʱǺǵİǣǺ˽ǿԣĿӡ
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оҹϮһºܿ촫ؾӪǰӲҹϻӪأǡɿԸڴӪſǻƺڵʲôˡ
ԸΣȲʵ
һаãϽԸ˵꣬һãȻ뿪˴Ӫ
ͽӪزԶһɽһۿ򶴿ڷ򣬺ϾظڱƺڵǶˡ
ϣ⡭ǡ
ϽС֣̿ҹϮʱ˲ھӪϮһ±ڼƻڡȷе˵ǹԼ͸¶ȥġ·;ңԶЩ©ᱻԷ֡ǣ͵һΣϲ̫ӵһ̽ϢƱزŹ˲ɶõĻᣬÿԽƾͼơ˵ƳԸߡ
ԸæѾϵķԸߵ֮̿⣬˵ȫ͵ɱ
գصͷü͸ЩĿԴƵȲ죬زεϢҪ๬˰ɣ

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֪ΪܣԼǸӲȥġϽ񽻵ʱûŻȥ
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Ϊһ̿ͣǲվģľôϢȥʬҰȻһ㸯áû
˵ģ񣬶˳
žͺãžдѵĻᣬԽд̳ɹϢԴؼǣ϶ؼνõǰڵ
뵽Щ·һ㣬ֱǰһҫ۽סȥ·
ˮĽ̿챾ǻƽ̨ˣŶԷ뽣ϵ·һϳ彣˵ݣЦҵЩ˭װŪԭޱȵ˺ͽ
ȻϳˣһժñֱʵǰؾӪҪʲô
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ٷϻشҡҺڶԷ࣬΢
Ѵ࣬Ҳ˶׸ǰѬġʳܣڵһ£ййھΣȴӲڡ
Ϊ˰뺥ð֮踣ȥκδ治ʮ֮£
̿Цͷ­΢΢һѪ¶ɭɭݣЦԵ÷ȥ˽λɵ
⡱һ£ɫ䣺˵
ҵУѪ岽ϻͿ˾綾Ҫǲžȥһ϶Ǹϲˣ֪̿һҪˣ޼ɵ䳰ȷ⸱ӣ˸ͷɥʵЦʵЦ
ЦЦţȻдһײവɶϵķʱж˺ܣ
ǰѪĽŵڵϵʬ壬ðŻع
ģµġ
ؾ䱸ܣҲֻü̿͵֡
һ˵Լȥȥšȥ룬˵ӰԺǻȥվ޷ָ᲻¡
Ƭ̣һᣬսʺͷؾӪصķҴҶȥ
Ϳһۣһ۾ͺá
ֻҪȷϰƽȥӴһ


261 һ֪
尴ָʾ ӪΧرѲԱȥһ֣ɷɢļزг룬 ӦоΧͻȻϣ 迨 ҹƻϨ еľҽԱϽȥ֪Щʲô
Ȼ ؾһʹоﲻԾʿҲ󶼰ؼ˾ְĴԲδھڼԼܱ߸ش÷з
ūѰ˼ѾַˡԸΪһƣ ȡԷƽϲõյ
ղжˣϲĵϲӣ ˵˿̾ڹԤ칦ءĵ
Ͻô죿
Ǹ˼գؾڽ̬ƣƽ̨к֡⣬ ׼һ¼ǡ
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Ѱ渽пĵĵںСʱˡ
Ըü֣̬ȼ乧˳Լǡ
ơǳһڣ־ƵζЩرԲֻ̺ҾƣҲعǰŨ㴼
ζһȦȦȾ·Ĵˮһززʮ﷼ơ
ǺʹūӸϵģ̫ҽ෬ϲƣһһЩҲԸ߽ӹΪԷһ
˷ȻǾܣֻ˵ǰǰ깥˵ĺѲӡ
ڵľҺһڣһ𣿹ôǵع־ơ
Ը߶˶٣ЦǺʹԼġ
䣬Ѿ¶ǡ
Ȼǰġ
ǵãҼǵʮǵڶعʱһġ
ǿżȻεȻ񣬾ǿ£ͬƵһ̳¾
ǵǸʱ˳ɻвһ£Ūúߴ࡭ʱ¾ð
ִӺʱʼһжأ

һҹ³ؾӪݼĹ۲죬жϳӪܵص㱣һԴЩվڵͦոһǾɣӦþڵоʡ
һֵصıվȴûǰǰһҪǣۿԸ߳ǸʡˣжǱӪʡ
һĿλã׵öˡ
ҹɫУ˳ǱؾӪأʱرܹѲ߶ӣأ֮ϢһӪʵĶ
ṦǿһƯĴְθһ硣
ʱԸ£ӴڳæסϢȴԸ߶½սüޣϽʱزɥ̻ϴлӵ¾
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ôˡ
ԭ̿͵Ļģ
ʧȥˣʧȥˡ
֪ԼججǱĽӽ˴齡
һխһˣͷŶðɫıӸǵʵʵ
ȻϵĲһˡ
һ˲䣬ֻȫ׹ѣ˰ΣŲΡΡ֣ǿĿڵʹһƿ
ǰһĻȴĿࡪľŵȷʵʲôˣһˣ
ضǵ˰죬ͻȻЦ˳ƲסһϲֱеһĨĴУŽ˼ʵ
ˡִءϢس󣬽סĺ󾱡
ûлͷʵ˿̵ȫһϲöãȻ״̬
ȷûʱǿصÿҪѹĴʯͷ˵أ֮ӯļֻж
ң㻹ڣ
л죬ûнߡ
ʩü಻˼⣺ʲôȷϹûУûȥ㸸׺ֳ׼ţ
һڣˡ뿪ƽ̨ѾǲʵǱҲ䳹׶˹ϵ񵤶мѻءпԡЩԼһֺαؿأ
οһ׷ӵĺˣ뿪عҲпԣҪٸףԼɷҲһΣǵʱܽøһЩһбһ⾰ˡ
ԣȻһȴת˲ָֻ˵Ȼҵȷר̽޹أԼ˼
ôôһ£ѵһǰǳɱҲ޹ϸôҲ֪ԼǸҴˣúõôͽᵽǶȥˡ
¶ɻ󣬾صļƻֳһⶨģȻֳ߻ģȻ֪һǰ㡣
ƹˤһֻֻ̯һöƯ񷢿۳ڼǰǴӾ·ġһ̿͵ô֮ʲôϵ
һԭ˵ô࣬ڻԼɱһйأԼ뾣𡭡
˼ˣǷŭͱ˵ʱȴһʱ֪Ӻ˵𣬱ϾҲ벻ԼǰһΪλھ
֮ôһ˵û뵽ԷβΪԸŸ˵ˣֲԾǰĻʱֶֻƣǵԶˣǲǣʲôʱ£ģԲԣ
Խ˵Խף޿̵شϣˣԭҾˡãȻˣҽձ˵סûҺ;Ȼֻô򵥡ͬѡϵɽ»𺣣ȹҵĴҲ壬ǷⱲӻ֪꣡ʲôϵھ͸㡪֮ңǡƷ֮㡭
⣬Ȼҡҡͷԣ֮ĸԶι̵ö࣬ǿԲսԷͬ飻ܹͬʹࡢ໥ε֪ͷڲǣ㲻Ҳվ뿪㡣
ˣ򲻻ʱἰڣҶԷ˰̡
ۿһȣؿҲֱִۣ΢΢ȴɿ˿ڡ
Сһ𳤴㵱治˽Ϊ𣿡ȻһЦʼգڴʼնδйκαͷͶ·ʱ򡭡أģѽݣ򿪷أѡ޻ͷ֮·ûϴͽ
ؿ۵ԽԽҲ˵ġ
ˣҪ˵ˣϵ˿ٶ˺Ѫ죬ɳɤӣǰļ۽Ƿɺ죬ȴǰܲ
һɧңһɪɪҹЮźڣԸ׻룬ìˢˢ׼˾֮ˡ
ǵʱԸһ£Ѹٻָ˳̬˹Ȼ;ĩ·д̣ҾӪ֮ˡ˵һ£Ҫ˽ס
ϣͻȻ˾䣺ߣ
ϡ
˵Ļôߣ
ǰ׼Լĵ½أӪſڣһ̵ЩʴӣĿȴٲȻ¶һ˿ѹ벻ᡭ
Ȼ˴ʱ˵أȻǶ֮ǧٿסǰչûж
˵ʮ˹ˣѩɰĸ׺ʹչ˵ʮοڼ֮ʣȻ˵ôһ䡣
ֻûͷûβҲκһ仰ȴڵʯ쾪
ԷȻǺǰȻ־ƺ޹أ˵ǡǵĺˣģúܺã۰ĺӣ
Ӷס۵ǺкοԣԼ·뺢ʵԹҲ֮УΪԼʲôȴôҲ벻Ȼ׿ڽӵֻڽ¡
ԭֱͦļ΢תʱǻɬȦȻ΢΢죺ʮ˹˸֮ˣӢΰĸӣ긻󰲿ǡ˵꣬һҧʶӯ̵Ӱ漴ҹɫһš
Ṧһ֪˶ãֱҪͣӱߵһʯ΢΢Ϣţؿڲס
˵ؾӪԶһԼˮ
һˮݲϴȶеڸղӪûƺԼӵ˷磬Ҳ֪ûб֮˿ʲô
һ뵽֮ˣǰ㲻ֳԸߵģȻԸһϳԼģϧԼʱƽûü߰ڵ㱻ˡ
ٳ£ΣڵϦƽ̨ضԴС
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262 Ƹһ
ǰ߽ݱƵ Ը߷ǰǰӪʿ;һǰʱԸеļȥѲһ½ӹ Լ ֮ʳȥ
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Ӱǰһ˫˰׵ժ¶ñ ¶һЩĪ
´սڼֲȫҡʮ֮£̫ӵ²ҪϵԸȫȻǰǸϹϾӡ
̫ӵһֱǾԵλߣһΨΨŵŵȴ̬ȴūţ Ȼʮֲ죺ԸҪˡǰƵȷ ΪֻҪһ£Ӿ¼ǡ̲ͿԵʲôҲûзİǰ𣿡
Ըһ Ȼɫ̫ӵˣ »ΪˣǲʳԡҲŪֻ֮Ǻϵ²һССг ʵûˮ𡣡
Ըᣬ ҴǲʲôΪ飬 Ҳòһ䣬ôˣֵľԸˡ
ԸûлػҲȷʵûʲô˵ģ̫ӵǵ㼿úܣȥ޷Ǿô˵ǡ
Է޶ԣ̫ӵҧһҩȻͬǶһͬĵˡֻҪˣľƱתΣΪҲܵõȨƣӴһѩǰܣ绽꣡
Բ޵ȻҪʵ˱ȵ컹ѡǲûԹҲûɳȥˣأ¼һУҲˡֱԣעǱסģѾ˼Щű߼ʵģΪԼú·ɡԸʵڲٺȥʱ˵Ҳûġ
̫ӵŻ˵֮ǰʧܣΪûסߡһΣҶסţͣһ

뼧ҹǱӪֹգյһţźɫͺܲˡ
֮ˣǿ˶
ʱԸ˵ǰһ֧ϣԶġصüãǵΧѲˣһ񡣡
ˣȥƥѡʮһȥˡ
Ըæֹ̫ӵƶˣһ֪ǸȦףգ
񵤶ϣѵùԹ𣡡
̫ӵδػΪѵȥˣжԷ»ʱа뱻
˵ô࣬ҪҵʲôûõڲˡһţüĿ֮⡣
Ըߵߵݣūſ˼
ʲô˵ˣжᡣһ䣬Ҵ뿪Ӫʡ
ԸȻŹˣǰԶȥӰ˳˼
վû˵ԸֻðϵҪһͬһС֡
ûĿĵأԶԶϰһˣǼ
ӱǰǰջҹ̽Ӫ֮ĵʱȴ˫Ŀաɫ԰ףȫ½Ա廨󡭡
Ȳ£Ȼδȵ˶ܱߵӰݴٿһȺʿԸ಻ʾһӣеһڻ׷
ֲ£֮ʱһЦּڽ
ڴ˿̣һλɫ붵ñ˴߳˴һͭߣסֻüɫı°͡
Ȼʱ̫ӵĵؿڡ
ԸߵĿⲻźۼӹǵǵעڲʡµļϣֻǰһ֮һ񣺡̫ӵ£ѰԼǰǷҲӦŵԣ˷ˣ
˵̫ӵӦõˬ죬ֻҪӦ˱ҳŵ̫֮Ӽ̷ˡ
ԸߺطЦأкʸҴ̸
̫ӵһЦһֻ˾˲ʶô˵ù̸еĳ룿
ҲŶһŮ˶ѣ뿪ɾǧҵᲢۣҲգѳˣ㲻ǼȻڲҪˣôҲá̫ӵͷ˼ʹ˸ƣһʿ𽣾ҪԼ֡
ţۿԷҪ֣ͻȻ˳Ĭ˿Կǳ˷ҴΪη̫࣬ӵˡֱԣҪս뷨Ӧǰɱ֮һʹ֮ڲ˱Ҳǹò
̫ӵ˼Żʿǽڼذ׷£̫꣬ʳԣһֽԼѣǿ׳ǷҲ練ơ
ЦҪС֮Ķ֮
һȳ̫ӵ沿䱻ڣͨ΢ĴƲոһ䡰ӡضΪá
ʱԸóһƷԼīǰ̿ԥһ˲ջǽһ֧Ǻʵ˹ȥ
ɫĮˢˢӺƬ̣£ذëһӡ
̫ӵԸ߳ϵĺԼһ飬ͷǱȽ⣺鲻ģʵ̫ӸпݡҼȴһ£̫Ȼسŵ˵꣬üΧʿɢԼ˵һԶԶؿš
Ͻ֣Ǻ޲ǻԲѵ˶ӵ뻳УԸһֱţͳȥˣʱʿ˿㲻ܲ˶ǰֽϵӽ⿪
󸿵һɣһ㣬һȴ˿δѡ
ӪоҽʱĪģ˵ز˾
Ըߵѣ˵ͷ׼ᱧ̼ʶ
ԭԲѵ˶ٿȻۣŴ·ͳһвƫͱţ
һʱ䣬Ѫɽһ£ȥ˫ţɫҰܣٲȻûϢ
Ŀڴһѽǽֽߵüĵײ۵֡㳦
˶վӨˮһָ̽죬ȡһѩ׾˹ȥϺͽմȾѪüǶʣ·ڲõĲǴĿĵѪֻǹϾܵĸҡ
ԭǰ֮˸Ǽ
ļδƽ̨֣֮һж̫ӵµȦסţһߴ߶ԼԼٰɼɱ׼ʱһ
϶ԼĿûм˼֪ãòһģһΣһĶ飬侲ǿԣοһ˲ɵ˼ǣ
̫ӵƽȻʱ˿̵ȴڵ˷ܡȻǵģϾȺףһƱжϣعпԹ˲ϾɱвȶԷǩʲôձԼ̫ˣ
һǧҵǵв޳ҵϣ
Ҳ
Ϊ転֮ʦһ֮С龫δʵֵģܳݺ˵δɵģ붼ģͳͳˣ
أ˻װģ£ܸʲô
ǾǵΪֻõĺãȴҵŬ޶ã
ƾʲôСܻô⣬ƫƫȴֻܲĽһӰӡҵ
ΪɱԼȻϲ񣬿֮󣬳ʼһŤĿ⣬ƽƽ
ⶼҪˡ
ԸߣȴԷΪǼҲɫ糣
̫ӵĪһʱֻԸһͦΣƤڵ˺-Ƥ--ߣ¶ԭ׾ӣü£һ˫Ŀԣ̫ĪΪ˵ɵ


263 
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̫ӵ׺ݣ ɫΪѿȻԼһ
ôҽ ˾Ͳ֮ ֮ô˵
ʵյʱ ȷʵһ£ ţóȻж
һ֪壬 ԼһͷԽȥ
ˣԽƾͼƣûһֱĻ󡢼Լءʵ̫ӵ
ȻԷòһ̣ٳԾһ¡
ڴ֮ǰ ûһ㣬ܹ̫֮ӵ ΪΡٽʮơֻ뵽˵òͬһģ̳ǰ㣬ʹ˫Ҳһޣ
Ҳԡ˼һģһϲҲĥһļƻ Ϊ йתĲ㣬˵һӣ
˼ˣǳķߺޡ
ǱǰˣԼǸ޲ĸһģ
ԷԼ ̫ӵԭƲնʵȻ ˵һ㣬΢΢òΪʶ˱̫һƣ ܺȫ˰ɡ
˸ǰûһػȥȼȻûȡ˵ô̫˾Ͳˡ䳤彣ء̫бʶȣ˴ΰֻЯͨʽơ
Ըȷѣ̫ӵѸٺ󳷣ӯŲæͬʱٰʿٽϣԸ߲һ˫֮ս֡
̫ӵʿ࣬ߵĻǸĽҵɷһѡѵ˵ÿ˶ǰɸ֡һӲʹԻƽ̨һĸҲ˿·硣
̫ӵǱߣռŵȻٳδռֵǣȥżһԾһøߴϣؿŵµһƬս
̫ӵļʿϬݶܶ䣬еꋪַ緶óƽ̨ڴ˵Ϻһ
˵ԸʵԲɶҲЩʮغϱתΪأԼĻŻ˿Ϸ죬˫һʱὩֲ¡
Ը߿ƺЩģɶԷ䲻һнƫ棬ʹòâȴֽԼ㱩¶ڶԷǰ
ʿһתһУͬʱһߣ
Ը߱ߵԶ˺üΧĻΧķȦһȱڡ
ƽ̨ʿлɳˣһӿһԲҪǰ̣ɱԽԽҡ
ԸҲ֪ǼʿĴȻſϰ춼û𣬺òȴ˱нƵģǵû𵽰㱣ãս˼䷴ֲߵ̳ɢԼҲڻб˵̫ӵڵǿ¡
ʿͷһ˵ҲԸˣתƵ
彣Զء֮⺮ȻС书ʦָȴ򣬼ʹԷǻƽ̨һĸҲһʱֲٱˡ
ϵ̫ӵ˿̰۾ⷴҫ۹ӹ͸һ˿üۡ
ԶԸһڻ⵽ʿǲΧ£Ԯ
ܸ񿪶Էӭŵһһͼⲻ֪ɱ̽㳦Ӿķɷȣﲻµʺ춾ţЮɭ亮Ѫ⣬׵ͻǰ
֮䣬ʯ
һ֮Խ
֪һ˲ʲôֻеԼ屻һǿȴɱĽ嵹ͬԼһ𵹵صĻǸʿֻԷغһˡ
ýһۿʺһöȻѾ
ʶػعͷ˫鲻Խ󣬿಻ɵૣ
ֳ֡ˮġ϶Ȼ䣬ȹƮ裬ƻá
̫ӵǺ˸ף㻹һ
Ϊʲôÿÿ˹ؼʱ̶˻ĺ£Ϊʲô֪ܵļ˾Ȼö֮ǰ
˸⻰Ͳˣǵĸǹ˵ӣҴҲ׹ϵһʮǰϿд˵ġһңôͲˣִżĿӼƿյֽЦЦ´ǰλӣܶԷ෬أɵ۱֣ȷĴɣ̫ӵԼ޷
䡣̫ӵҧгݵ
䣡ػؾ㡢ϲһҶ䣬οǵļˡ
̫ӵŭЦ̫Ӿ֪ϹҲ˵ã
Ҳ֪ô̫ӾŴĵļ
뼧̫ӵŭģЩȥɫѿ˵ٽǰ˾ֱ
һƿ˵˾䡰
ˮġ͡㳦Ľ滥ײ۵ҫâ
Ǵβѹ֪꣬书ʱǿ۽˸Ƶġ
֣ƺҲúǰ̫һˡ
ǰȥˣʼϰˡ
ضȥһǧҹҹ䣬ŵ©Ŵ庮¹綯ǳǳĿֻǳ˼ĺܹ֮Ρ
עżӰĿ䣬·ҪЩȱһֲĵ䣬Ϊһ۾ܿڵ̫ӵȻǵĶ֡
ȻʮУˮġɷĽбһֳĲϡ
һֻһСʱĶģ̫ӵףʦָȴһԼá
ǲôһ㡣
ˡڵ
ΪӮһأӮ𣡡̫ӵЦ
ҡҡͷˣӮ㲢ǽҡ㣬˴㣬ֻΪ̫ݣ˶ѡʵģС书ıŻһȲҡʱ壬ҲΪ̫Σ벻Ժʲô㡭
һɺԣң̫ӣδһ֮ôܲðƻô㣡Ļ־ڴ̫ӵӣңĿ޷ȵشУĻаִйµľ֮磡
̫ӵܣƽ̨ʿֻֿܷȷϵİȫ
ʿһеĽͬ
Ը䣬˽ǵһ˿ԥ
̫ӵԴвϲͶһҴزһһԸߵƳִļ˵
ءһ̧֣˴˷˱ַΪ࣬Ϊд֮𡣲ս֮ȻãҲδûʲô˼Ҫϲúøͬһ£ۿԼ԰٣ǳݣ
̫ӵе΢΢ܼƣлй¶һ˿ҡ
Զ׼ûĴ㣬ֲܴķֻ֮·һˡ
ʵ̫ӵ˼ɣಢǷ¶óȥڸյǡǡ෴һǿиɡã˹ؼʱȴ̰οҪ¡
һ·ɡ
ΪΣ㺦㾹ȻҪ޲飡Ǻܲ⣬Խ˵Խ
ǰԼΪҪô
ʣֻΪ˱ϾԼһĸͬ׸磬ԼѪŨˮ
ǰںСʱԼȷǽԷȥԴȥġǣʱļģˣԼ಻ΪνѪԵǷǲ֣ʧԭ
㲻Ҫᣬ֮飬ȫǿĸ׵ķϡĸھȪ֮¿Լĺӻɱѹġ⻰˵ģ˵̫ӵġ
ڷȦֻôһͳͳ޹ϸ𡣡ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣ²͸뷨û˼ȥĥЩˡ
ִҪ̫ӵҲ޷ҡ
κĳ̾һ㻹̫ˣҲա˵ţȥ̫ӵ
̫ӵһ۵󣬵żǲޣٲȻ飺Ϊʵ˵仰Ҿͻм𣡡˵գֶݺݵؿҲҪ̫⣬̫һղһ찲ӡгһԵƽĺһͳ£Ҳ뾡һа취þֶλĽɽҵ
ĿԴδһС˵Ķﵱ£Ҳ֮Ѵ࣬¶˵һֶ˷ʱ䡣
ʱԸնӣһ̧ǡ뼧첻źۼر˱ܣǰ׵ϸݻӪˣλ˵Ƴһۼ
ҺһӪءϵǣһӹ
û뵽ĵԼȥԸҲʼδɵð˰
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ڨڨر˿ڣվڷУǰɢ˿ŪĺɫУȴһ𸴣һþ
䣬΢ֱűůģ΢΢̧һ֪ǲĴһ˫ԭķһ˿¶ȣá
һ֣óùķȻ
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־Υ̤ʵĲУ·Ʈ˺ܾõҶҵ˹ޣӴ˲ƯƯѰͣĸ壬˱ӿԴֻн갲á
̫ӵĿŶЯԽԽԶĺԽԽŨĵӿĲʣոʰ㳦֣Ļѵ˰׵ָѪ˿ȴԻȻ
㡭ɵض˶ȴһʱ䲻֪οڡ
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Ҳ˵ġȥָعҲпܳڰȫǣֻǽԼͻؾӪѣٻߣһ˵û׼Լûء
һ֣ѾģֻҪԸԼǾһںúùӣǰЩͳͳˣԼҲȥƽˡԸǾõֶȰڲȥ˵
ҪΪѸ£ʷᣬ˲ĹҵǧﶥĤݣΪǷ򸾶˵ѡ
뵽⣬Ĵ߲¶һĨǳЦӳѩĵ罣īüƺЩǣ֮˵Խι̼ᶨ
δʱһԵļץסȻԱһ衣
ɵһδüվȱǰһа׹һһֻԼǰ㳦Ľؿڣ
ԸߴʮʱɢΧǣǣ̽·̽·һʱ侹˭Ҳûϵ˼ʡ
̫ӵԼҲסˣȷɱҲȷ֣ͬھ׼ʼδעһһеȴԼã
һ뽫ȥȴ̵ֽø˼磬޵Ѫ˵İϣֲҡ
ô
ΡΡɿ֣̫ӵĽȻᴩ˶Էš
ǵġҸûɱ
ٳ£ΣڵϦֻҪһΣֿɽ⣬ɱкã
ǵģԼСѪͨÿȥ谮Լ⻷Թ޲ƽδ٣Ƕ䶯費ϣڼôʼ֮Ǻǣơáĥ伫
ȻⲢʾҪüء
ʼգδҪ
ļʣ˵һĻ
ǰѽԭҪԼģ˿ȴᴩ˵ر֪ô죬ֻ֪Լò׵ȵط꣬ȵ˴˵غ򣬱㲻ʧȥܣ
𶯣һģҪǿϢʹסԽԽ֡
˵ԸѸڰ˵ĻУԤеԼ첻ˣ۾ĹҲһȥȴȻסԷģŬ˫ۣʲôҪ¼߶Է
ʲôҪ˵ˣʹӪءҽʦκģҡƴŶˮܿǰɲĹᴩˣ㽫˱
Ҳ֪סļҧأƴȫһ˿ѵʶڲ˵ͣˡ
Ҳܲ˵شͨ۽Ƿʪˮ⣬Ҳ㽻ʲôԣҲʹ⣬Ҳܷߣ
䣬Ը߾΢΢ϣ̫ӵˡ
˱ˣСָʲôѹ˵ǣʱֻ뱣סκ鶼ֵһᡣ
Ըߺزδָվٳûжˡūֱԣ̫أֻǳŲӪ
죡Ըߣȴ಻סûɵһĻţʶ§˶ǼԷĶͷ£˵˵ڣҲġ
˱գֳ˿˵֪ʲôģˣҺ
ãҴӦ㣬κ˾ʹȥһΪ˭Ҳʳԡ
ˣȴһ·ûûΪʵڡְ̫ˡ
Ȼعеǻᡣðְֽòãղȹ
ܸɣչ˺ĲҲҪƴñΪ۸ϾǺϵĸסƲҲҵļ́ͷ
ģĸʼֻһˣΨһӣǴص˭Ʋǵĺӣ˭ݣһ˿ǻ֮ʧµ־طһΣԼסˡ
ȻЦˣǳЦǣ·𴺷绯㣬ӯͬһƬʱɢؼĳ¶
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лл㾭ôನıԱǿŰҵġ
ллԸһֱĵףΨһӡ
Щ϶Ļÿһÿһ޲ʣ޼ľٲȻѾƣߣȴһ˲·¶ʲôһ㣬Ȼ߬øץסһݡʵԼѾ嶫ˣߵֻʣһģӰֻܴϢģдһ֡ߡ
ܵؽסֻ֣ãȻŻк˫ļ
ߣ
ȥĶ
ԣӪӪ
ӦˣҪһȥģ
Сؽ˱öԷԼһ˰Ŀ£ȵһ·ﳾȥ
ķιӣ̵ۿѷɡ
ǿۣǰ˳ߡ
һΣνٲſ
ڿԴؼˡ
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264 ĺһ
Ҷ価 һѩʱؾܹһ·ϳֱ룬 شѩԾ 䡣
ϲЯ׾Ƕӣ ̫ӵʲвɶ ֮
ɽֵأҹ˾ʱϲɶһйڣ ŻƵľ
繳𡭡
Դλ㽾ݡɫ糯ʱʱȱϯ˵ô౨ˡ
ɽʱͬգ Ƕˣؾʱпܴ ֳϦӲ֪Ҫá
뵽⣬ϲ̾Ϣĵĳ޴Ž⣬˼ ̼ɤӷ ˺ü
ϣҹˣЩЪϢɣĪӡ δ༱æһ̿裬 ȻΪ˳
òֹס˿ԣϲ͵ػ˻ӣ趼ˣ ʵܲǺ˵Ѭζ
ʹðδȰɶ˱ຮ֮ء˴ôæйҲԶǵԤ̿˿̿ϲҪ⡣ƺתҾģźܿһٶ
δԴϲ࣬νǹʶˣȻǼ˵Ȼʵϣɥʧ룬ݽѳضȱʿԷ⣬ĻжľȥϺõľ̿أ
ˣǹ쿪䵽أʲôԡϲ̾˿е౨һոʧ̸ףʧǡ۽ȥò˶ã˾ҪΪ֮ˡ
δæ˵ԣ̫ӵǶı̫˴Эƣͷһٸİɡ
ϲ˰͵üģһš
δİο֮һöûУˮһսܣʣ޼ٻҲںͿĿǰľƶ
ʱ䲽ĴҴεŵˡ
δ£˵¡
ôܽǶٱ
ϲеѯʣƬ̣ջ̾Ϣһʾ໹ܵǧˡ
ϲȻվɫʱòôÿǧôܸʲô浽սϣ˻ݶֵͬˣԼǽףӦڿ֮ϻЭΣѹͷôֻԼԽ˵Խ˦Уһ⣬ҲҪЩ
ϣһԡ̲ס˿ڣԹˮ֮УݣΣ죬Ǻá֮ԶڴҲѱȳǧ˸ѾˡοôҲǿ̫ķϡ
Լεܼ޸̫ӵ˴ֵ֧Եʡ
ϲ˱۾Ȼֻѵı𡭡
Ҳȫǡ΢üôʣһ飬ɽȼü֮ͿԸԸȥˡ

ҹƮ˶ëѩ̫ӵãһװ̤һذװصԼڡ
һ綹ʱ΢΢һ㶣
ϳҹˣǴ̫Ϣˡڰǰڷżһֱ
̫ӵȥãھȻˣضҪ档˵ɣǲʲôϢˣ
̫ӶǣϳϢ䲻ãҲǻϢ˶٣תŵݣδӦֻǧ
ԶԶ̫ӵϣȷ˵ˣҲҪôھȥȥһ⡣
סϳдŲִ̫ʣµĿԷöࡣ
̫ӵᵽ˼Լ۰ãյԷеױţҲ᲻֮顣
Լǣȷʵδ뵽һ㣬һұðȥдšѹŵĴδҲ΢䣬̫ӵüЩ
Ѳ鲼ڷʳǵǣҸ˵ҹ̫˹֮Ϊ˴࣬ҲܲϧԼ塣˵߽һԵʳд򿪡
νҹӸˡ
ɽ飬渡ǰԡѪսĽʿֻݸ󷽵Ҳúù
ɶӣ̿ȱ֮ÿĳʳЩֲ赭ϰ˽ʳ󳼶ԣ˵ġ˲ʣµһήҲǽп಻Թص
̫ӵǵӸĬĬ˺һֱȡһ̳ӣ˱Ƕ΢΢£û뵽ﻹоơ
ǰҪԲˣ˭뵽ƫԶйƼ
ϳöʹ͵ġƽƵľƣ뼻ʱ̫æȥĳֻü˼С̳ԭ᲻ÿģⲻ˵̫Ӳٳ־նߵͣϳһ̳̫
˵ô໰̫ӵؿΪ˸һȴٳûнӡ
ɶҲŲȥˣȥδӣΣȻ˾䡣
žյͣڰգԺסòյڶԷǰȻɲ̫һ˵Ļ
˵
ڳ֪֮Ψо¡
̫ӵŨ˳ĽëͶһСƬӰ֪ǷǴ˿鿴ȥĪЩ֪ҳˡֻϧվ̫ˡ˵գٱһ
˿˿ľҺظһϤոС
˶оϡж˼ԶɣȱȫУ׽֮Ҳٲ١СΨһķĲǸϲЩֵãֻҵʦ䡣
ʹй磬йִδɹԼ̹ϡҲǡǡΪ̫һˣԸӲܶԷһ˵͡
֪ԼͲϿɼĸԼߵ˶ˡ
ǲ˵ʵ֮ںĲԼݰˡ
ǰһģҲ֮еԷ̫ӵգգ۾ź֪ز̫Ծ
ƴŨңȴҲһѲơ
̧δ䣬ֻޱظ𰸣ģ̫ҩȻҲϵ˼
Ϊʲô̫ӵƴ۾ɻŭʶԺ
ΪҪΪĶʦ׶Ҫ
ͽ̹е²ˣҪԲδҵĻһְ䣬ɽ֮
ıǱˮнʹԸ̫Ӿʱյ赲ؾĽôٴȥֻӲҡ⣬濮̾һмֲ̣ɷء˭µģս˭˭ӦΡ
Ҫ˵ˣǰ˵ЩõĴ֪̫࣬ӵ̱ϯϣ۽ͨ˻ţҴĻǵ鷳ô࣬ѵΪһ𣿣ʲôɷءԼ̰֣Ҫҵһʱ̫ƽһֺô㰡˭Ĳԣ˵𣿣
ȻĻشһкݺģǴε飬Ҳֻһ飬ȨȻϡʵ˾ϣ̫ӿ֪ȡʱѳ״ϵۡǵ֪ڸģ䱾ԼвȾɱ´ս֮Сµ̫ӻԼԩ𣿡
ˣˡԭġԭǸˣԼڸﶼǿõӡʱĹߣ
һ̵ֱҡ޶ɷ򡱣ҲһֱΪԼ㹻ѪھȻסĺ˭Ȳ
̫ӵر˫ۣӳ¾ǰ߰ײɣޡ

ҩļ㣬֪޾˯Ҳ֪жã۵ʱ̫ӵԼһܺᡢֲָĵط
ڰܼһĿ־壬֪ΪΣ̫ӵʱȻôֻˣЩµ˿̷·ǰǻſС
һһΧһӵƻͨ
ԭԼһɽ֮УǰվԸԼʮ
ƳԷʱһĨãȻζЦЦ̧ǰ˼աĽŲڿտɽصϲʶʱģʩ˵ѹ˰
Էôһ˵̫ӵע⵽ԼֽŽԱסһʧѪɫ
Ӹ£ۿͼ֮ˣԸ߰ĽҲˣΣ
Ըһ־Żѣԣ΢׵ϲױʣ̫һʹ־ԴǿУдһϸڲҲʮ꾡ūΪ˵ֻ̫һΪϲ֮ǰ֪顣ϲȷʾȽ̫ӽϣƾϴãԹ
һԹϲд˵ȳ⣬ݽҲþܾǱ㴫ֹͣ飬׼̸ֺˡ˵꣬Ըߵͷ
֪δң̿򣬻ĥֻǣֱӸһ˶ϣһֱĬ̫ӵ̲ס˿ڣȴö΢΢Եɳơ
ⰲǣȴΨֲֻᣬδĸоȲʣͷһѵ֪ƫƫǳٳûжֱҪĥ衣
أƫƫͷ۽һߵЦûһ˿¶ȡ
һ㲻żǵԽèץӵϷŽһǡŪڹƵСȻˣǰԼèǺӡ
µ̫ӵȻѾԼĴϣȻ˶ġΪԼܹؾǰôù
ܿܣ졣һɱ˺ܶˣ˺ܶˣͬʱԼҲ´󲿷ֶˣɱ˴ҲˣȻ󹦰ܴɣҲûʲôúڵġ̫ӵŲ԰׶ʧɫӣƽˮɫ͸һĪС⣬Ȼ޼ңǱһʹ졣һ㵱µ𣿡
һ㶣תͷʱǡɶ̫ӵ񣬵˫ԭӴ˿ȴͬһˮһͬĻǿ˵ɤ߷ίò
ɱ𣿡ϸü΢šҧʧȥѪɫıü临񻣬ԹŨ
-սͫӳǼһģһľա
񡭡վһȫһ
̫ӵһʹֻͻȻס°֮ͣϢڣʮ
֪ô㶥źһģһһģһֻеޱȶġһһ˵꣬Ը߻˻֣ȫʬͲˣ̫鷳ٺͱĻǰɡ
һɽԶӰ̫ӵһӵڵأȻЪ˹شЦԹɭ䣬ﲻظţߺҲߺҲ
ĿЦɽھþû죬ӦīҹգԾĵ䣬ֻذתѪ

ʮ꣬ʾռɶ²ϲ
꣬нأԴ½Զĺһ
šʼʵۡԳơޡġΪơΪگͬ죬ͬģͳһ⣬û±Ǩʮ򻧸
ʼʮģگгְԼĵγѲ
ԸعĴæˣʵѲΡɽ޽ΪÿռŲء
̨ʱԸһ۱ǰ̨һĨŻӰ
ԸȥΣδڣɫ͸һͷڷɸ߸ߵβһխ۸ǳĵݰףʮϲֵഺͣȻǴʲôÿ
ߵĳ¥ѾɣóһΪɡʯһ͸ľԸº͵ǳЦ
ʮ˹Ӻ谮ӣԽԽˣüۡ
ϲǸԶԸпձ㳣ȥɽ;
½õĳ¥ߵĽӵϿáơݶΪ
ʰϣ˺һŵǶ
ø߰۵סĿԶ¥ķ紵۾Щ
Ըվֻ࣬վš
ϧﲻߵĵطһûʶԭߡߵĵط˵ȥߴҲֻ̩ɽ
̩ɽ˶졢ȴ֪ΪΣԸΪΡ
˵۽ǣͬµӰصһ
Ը߲źۼЦЦָعķ򣺡ǵҪȥߴһֱڵ±󣬿ŵ·ҡֱϣֱ졭
 ᣬ 
ӵġ밮ԼҹˡȦɳСģHEרǰղء
߾ѿУȡ¯


265  1
վݴǰ ССڴ̨ԡ
ӳòãһȴվţ 档
ӹǷ죬  䳤Ҳȴû࣬ Ҳƽ˼̭
ʵڿȥ˵ٴΣҪվɡӡ硯 ƣűƤֻֻ˿˳ɺͳ
Сһֱڿ죺Ӱͳֲܵԣ ˵ֻɹ̫
СҲŰǻǾǣֲ̫ΪǶŲÿǰɽ ҲΪվöһʮʱ߸߹š
˱Ļҭסðε㲻񻰣Եǵ𣿡
ССΣһֵܣ ĸ СͽعһֱźֵССͱ㳤ģ ԹҲתÿ죬 һ̴Եʮֳ
Ȼϧǣ˸ӡ
ڶ࣬ Լ念ٳδ̫ӡһУ˲ƽƽԸҲôϲĸļֻǸݵ΢檡Żûһõó֣˵Լû¹ʲôӡ˵ĸװҶûƹ
˾޴ڸеعʮֱ꣬Թϵ񻯣սһǸһ˽ĸһ˵ҪӣȻ뵽Լôӡ
ǣдװССǧԹĺǡ
һһȥˣȴɲ⡣
˵ǰعʱҲֻǲӰˡݣȻɵԹȴ˲ܴɾǧˡ
տʼݵ˰棬ٱϻûþͽˣ̬ҲˣÿյĳԴö˲١
ЩƵĶԽ޷ˣһʳûУֻ̿ȥһ룬ֵǣĶ¾ȻָֻһǼǰľӡǾ˵ʲôţ˶֧һϴһӡ˻ǹʲôݣܹίǰСһ߶߶û꣬µţϸ¸չŵǸƼġһ޳У˵֧ôҲûԼʳֻ󣡡
һԵСûԱǵ᲻񣺡ĪǶɵˣ˾ˣˣ˵˼ӣ
û˵ӣ˵۸ˣ
˵ˡ
ûУ
˱Կۣ޳üšһ񣬡˼ݴſڳ£ҵĶ顭
δ䣬ͻȻ죬ǰһʮɫۻңһⱦޱȵǰ۶ĽǹŵĽһ·ĳͷ
ӣ
ӡ
СС״ϽΪ
ûػӿһһԼۺͱǼ⡣
СУÿ궬ʱڣֻҪ΢˵̼ʱͷۻܵý
˭ҵĳ򣬼ݳ۾С˶ţ޺޵˾䡣
С⣬·ڴʧķ͸һ˿ĽһûôôֱϵĹҪ硭֪ĵλ
˺ֹס磬ȴǷ죬·ھͷżﲻмλȻǺǴĸΤ

Τڿĳڼ£ĺԺһֹ²ۣĸʦƵģͷʱ˺òã⳵ڡšпüĵطɫıʯԵúܸߴϣ͵еݻ𣿡
Ҳ붮ΤۣббƳԼĺѡ
ԺɶΤ֮ԱǣΤ͵ܣ˵㡣⼸ԽԽ󣬿۹ȴԽԽײˡҿһ䣬ɹĳɲС㲻ҲͰˣǳ֣ʱЩӹ֬׷۴ȥֵҿɶˡ
ԺᵽġɹݡǺھøʢ̻أһеεķ³ȡһŵ֣ɹݡ˼壬ɳ飬Ը׹䷲ĵط
ȻһεĿ˲ǻؽֻΪһ̡Τ
ÿµ³ɹݶٰһʢᣬʱʿԻۼڴˣΤԣǸύ·չĴûᡣ
һɹݵˡ
Ժһᳵ·ؿżȲЦӭԸϻ˵Ҫõ᷿̳õġҷҪ죡
ΤظںȡЦＱܵԺ־ƺȣ֪ĻΪҷ˿Ƶģ
ǰĸϻһҾ쵽Ƕôˣ磬˼ĸӵұ檳ȺƫҲС檾ͲɰɣҳźѳԶٷҲੲݣϻؼҳ˵ûû˵䡭ϹۣôԺ˷ֻѱ˱ơ
ϯһһһ
Ժһü¶ǣ΢ͷҲȸղŸ˼ɣϲܵأƶҶôƫͺһ̳ӣǲôƫҪŸɣ飬һҹޣԺôҲⳡŵģһǲɣ
ܱ˹Ҳ֤ǺںġԺ֣һȰڸв֪˼ң͸ģĪҪЩطϹڡôȢӳɼҵΤȵú
Ժһۣʶôˣ㵹ȢӸҿ
ҵֲǲ˽⣬ҵߵ磬Ѽһ̯鷳ҡⲻ˳;涫ߣүǰֺУֻ֪绨ѩ¡
⻰˵ģ׾ֱ˵£õŲһôԺ˵һü뵽ʲô㲻Ŀҳ׺ԲȢ˰ɣ
Τһĵس˳ǰĺѣյ˵ˣȷʵˡһȢ˸ĸϻ

ɹ֮ԾøʢΪġǺһ̻ٷţƼٳҲֻġֻˣǣ˻ǣӵĴڡ
˵ɹݵĹǿɲģΡκãĲգҲ˱ÿһεʢᣬٲ˹ݸĹˣܱڳλٹУһ֦ͷӴ˷ɻڴ
ÿʢǰϦǶٲ˿Լļգһչһǡ˽í˾ֻΪܹѹȺӶıԼˣ׸ĵط
̣ԷȻѬζױϣߵСѾͷ֡
ΣϲϲҽĴ磿̧ۣԭӯش˸תȹƮ
ΪɹݵͷƣĳԴöһǹݸõģճѬ·õҲר˵λʲô֮Ҳ޷ǾǷļá֮˾úòĺá
ˣһߣаԵ˶ƫƫٹӸϲֵΪҹۡһǧֵӡ
㻰أѺÿͷذθɤ
ǸС̡СѾͷССģȥҲʮ£һϴ÷׵Ĵֲ·ϣ䳤Щ̫ȻԼ·
СѾͷͷһ˵˾䣺áÿ
˵ôǿѲڷңס̵°ͣʹ䱻̧Դ
̺¼ˣƴҡͷϣûСûС
Դӱֵźʱϵһһģδˡ
֪ƢǳĻȴɹݵҡǮ𱶼Ҫ֣רΪҲֻһֻ۱һֻ̲ۡǸɴֻСѾͷʹ۸úˣ˭
һſɪɪС˶˳һ¶߾µͭٻӰĵϵıȱ֣ЭҰɡ

ʱ֮ɹһֵʱ򣬶ڽһһȵʢᣬڴ˵İ˷ͽոࡣ
Ժ˸ʹ죬Ȼһڷͷ˯һ磬ˬͷ㣬һ·һ·²ΤĳȣӴҹһֱСʱ˴졣
ΤٲȻһɺӣոһ·ЩŪµīͣġ
Ժੲ˵˰죬ΤͻȻͣ˲ӳĳûӦӣĿأλС˶ˣ
Τջߣһ䣺ѵҿˡ
㵹˵ѽ˭˰
ȡ
̫ȣ
Τ˵ͷ
Ժɻ󲻽ԼͷƤԹ̫ˣѵҲѰֵģ԰̫Ӱʲô˵òõֵط
ΤζЦЦͲˣ׻˵޲檣檲͵
͵ԺɤŴ˵㣬ǸϽһԼ죬ֲĵĴ
߰ɣΤһ䣬ָָǰķ򣬡ͷϷϾҪʼˡ


266  2
ҹĻ٣ ȻغڸԣأӰ¡
֪˶ã ɴڿһ죬 һģͷŵƳһ̽ ˻Ժſǻ üô
ǰóԼİ˫ַϣˣ ʱĽƽԭðǰ󸮰ݷãͨһ
ǹµĲδӰֻ˻֣ƽԭ֮빬£˿δظ ӦǱڹˣذɡ
ϳ κ꣬д꣬ƽԭΪ壬йǵıʿܳ ټĺڣ Ҫݻƽԭʤ֮ʤ
ȻƽԭĴſɲ˭ܳġ֮ǰε˰ʯ󺣣˸취վȣ һֱȵΪΪֹ
û뵽 ǿˣȴû
Ȼĵ׷ʵϲ֪ƽԭʱ
һ֪㻹ǿȥɡ
³ƽԭһ棬 ǰǰҲͶݰոǴһֱȺڡ͵ǿҵ˴ķϣи㡣
ô£˻𣡶ʲôʱ˻ڱ˼ſŲߣن¿ɱҲ˰µȻѾûġ
ԷŸˣҲûȤֻա
Զǹµĳ˿ĭмʲôֻûҪɥȮˣԼ¡

ССںվòŵȵǹӻһԷɫ֪޹
ΪһҪݻǸʲôƽԭǳôرŸһôôѣҿδдôáСһһӷ޷޲ƽ
ƽԭǺ֮Ȩ֮ˣµÿ춼ϳĶ飬Ҳв۵һԼαŸҲƺ⣬ֻǡѾϰۡ
ͽڻ谵Ľͷĩʱɪɪιӣ£ڡ
ʱͳǺ
СʾͬʱڴӼȻǸƽԭ󣬲֪ܸʲô㹻Ǯϣǡ̿𣿡
ʲôľӡƽԭǺˣõԸǮ̿𣿡С̲סֻۣҪһ£˭۸ǹͷϣ
СȻ򣺡ԭˣѹֹһҪȥ˼ҸϰݻᣬԭԱӻǣǲ۸
ǰ棬ССĻһֲ䴫ȴֻЦЦǶ˵
ԼĸʩԮ֣ԼָӻԼ𣿣
Ţĵ·ǰ˿̣ƽԭյĴȴϻصԺ鲻Խ߬߬Լеƣ²ͣ
³ѾΪϵĹ⿪սսµĴ죬ӵĴֻԽԽѡ
̬ѶĸϣԼ棬Ҳκθо
ĸֻԾȣ˼εΪƽԭ潫Լǲع
ƽԭʤ²ż汸⣬ض֮ҲԸæģϾԼعֻǸܳԹ˵ûһô
뵽еļԼҪżлᡣ

ʱɹڸҴ⡣
յüǰů紺
ǴŸɫɴѣڱͼ侴Ц
޲Ӱ֬ˡ
Ժ£ֵһĺþƺòˣΪΤϣΤ͵ܣ룬ֻóԺúȡ
ôϸ׬ˣ˶ٺƣΤİõؽܣߺȾƱߵ٩
Ժűյüɫ裺޹أǧҸˣ
ƹѲ˹ζĲձݿʼˡ
һһиٵģйɪģģֳʫġ
Ժ˵ǸˣȴϲӹţһĿתüվƺȲʡ
ɫ˫ĹŮҲ٣黭ϵ֮ߵĻǷëǣȫ£˹Ŀ࿴ΤԵزߴɫ̾
ǰ˽ν̻ŮֻҪһƤңʵ˴شԺͷ͡
Τ±воƣĿһֱ׷Ÿ̨Ӱ
Ժ˰죬ȻչȥЦ˭ˣλҹȷʵǲġ
ΤûƿԴľƣٷϻ
˵ţұݽϳɹݵͷơ
ȫ漴һƬףһλĸŮȲС
˵ʵǱȽϺŵˣֻȫֻһ͸ĺɴɰţǺɴἫһֱҷ棬̧ĶСȵӨ-۵С֣롭
еҲסЩƤģڴ֮ͥ´Ҳ̫Щ
̨ǰվһ٬ЦЦǽôˣһʱѧʣ֪ĻΪطǹѰĵģǿ׷Ӱ˽ѧأ
ı͸壺֪ǴʲôĿ
Ƕұ㻻ġ˵ţüһٲΣ
һȳ˴кá
ֱ˽̨߰Ժ̲ס֮ԱǣУʲôٲżԶоˣʽǼôŪСأ
ԭݵġٲһ֣ɳǵľûκιϵٲԶԶûУҲʮǰӺҲ
Ժ˵ǰȷǸܽյģзڴʮԶԲСһ
ԺԽԽû˼˿ӵش˸Ƿܴⷢ
Τߵߵǰʮľһֻоѣ֧巢ҲѵˡֻΪͼһ֣ôʲô
Τ͵ܰ㾿ɵװɵ浱վǶֻΪչʾԼļգõɦŪ𣿡
ԺΤ곤٣ʱκ˷³ϵĻŵȢ޳˼ңŮҲϴСˣͣǶϹ̬ʵŪɧΪʮֲݡ
˵ţתͬʱֱһ׾ϸȼϵ߸̧νһֱߣֻʮˢˢɳ˻˻Ʒ磬ɿϵ糺ɴƮɴµķһš
ڳһЩɫ֮ͽʱֱۣȫͣ޲õȥ
ԺʵаհֳԵΤҲ˲Ҳˣֱ̨ϣǰȻ£ǰɣ㿴ֻɫˡ
Ҳʹ¶˵㣬òû˵ΤջĿ⣬һԼɵ÷ʵѵ𣿡
ӣֻǡԺ˶٣ִսһЩѹ˵廨ͷһҲͰˣؼŮĲֱªҴֺһЫˡҲͿϲʵɹݵķôһȰ˭УǧŮ˲ˣܵģ
ŶԷǸ֣µɫ׻׻ΤЦ˿㶹˭ҵΪҹ
ǣ̸ģ˰ɡԺ˵꣬һӾ
ԭıݽһڡ
ٲİӻǾֹģҪսƶС
͸ɫĿһССŮηηߵ̨ǰŮһͷһȼյĺ̵Ͳʱ˳ͷͷƤϡ
Τɫ˱䣬һԵԺò̲סƿڴ
⻹ûˣ
һڶ׼̵ԴԵ
ŵü겻壬˲Լ̵ûվȱȾܡֻǰµŮԶһ㣬Զһ㡣
Ͼؿţƺڳ֣ɶԷſ̨˺üȦǼƻڱصõˡ
ΤɫҲôÿˣʱߵԺͻȻ˾䡰ȥֻ׵ؽ˦żһƷͷо˲䱻
ھŹȣСǰһԣӲѶͷĵһƤ۵شޡ
ڳ˱ƽкãȻСŮͷѪֿ޵ңһʱһ˳Ĭ
Բ˱ݣ־ȴû뵽һȲʵĶûУ˿̵ĿһƬİԵ̶ŭ𣬾Ȼ˵ֱس̵Ķ壬˵ȸӣűһͨáԲĵСӣԹӻǴ۾ɤӵϺʲôȥţʡⶪۣ
Ժȥˣﲻ֪СЩʲôҲΨֳѿʱȰź޺ա
뾺ۣϣܻӭĽĿġٲζؽڳٸеĳһˣӴ̥ǣΪһĺŹ󸾡
ϾֵǾˣ⻻޶ĿĴĵȹѣһʤߵ̬վǰͷ޲ⱦĿ
޹Сʹͷ֮ͥ³ˡ治Щǲǽˮˣƫƫ޷ĶϣԺ
ΤÿɷһЦʲôϣǼɫˡ˵ˣΪѰ֣ٸʫ޷ǳϵĵ׺˷ͷҪѣˡֱӣ󷽷չʾԼɫ¶ЩҲ˸˵˼
Ժһĥȷô£ԺĴָڣֵܰݷ
Ϊɹݵͷƣѱٽͣȹݸֹ߳ʹ֪۵ΪȨ󸻺塢İٵϼӼ۾ģִ˲ƣ
ԺԴȫȤΤǿ棬ȸղŹۿʱҪרע
ԺĶ˼׼ѣϾʱϽ˾ֱ˰˰ٽĸ߼ ʲһλ̳ٽһٽ
ȹǴֱʡΤɫ
ԺԶԶһϽվˣȷԷԹ̫󣬲ɵôսΤСʲôֱʣΪôɫӽҿǸԩͷ
̫΢Уòֵ͵λҲѡڲ۵Ľ䡣ݡٲʱѾԵߵ֮һֱΪ̽̽ߵĳ۷Χȵ̽òˣٳֽһ¡
һ˳˰˰ٽЦ仨Ƶģȴ̰Ĳʵбλɾ۸ߵ𣿡
ڳ󲻷ǵĸԹһ۱ϳԷǺͷʵӼۣ˭Ҳ̫ӣһ˼Ӧ
̫ɥޣλѾã˷ĪҪޣ㲻ޣŪô糾ŮӻȥʲôԺ͸һ˿ǣԼֻǸģɱϾԹˣҴսڼ̫ӺΪܲģ
ٳ˾ģŲһˣǿڵȻû˱λɾļ۸ߣôϹأڡ
һǧ𣡡ΤȻϣĿ¿첽ϸ̨һһҳһǧ𡣡
ڱ͵һһǧʲôȻйķ³ߣҲδΪһŮһǧ
𾪹𾪣Щ˽ٲȻΤ˾ٹ̫̲֪ˣһ㶼ء
ԺɵˣʶѸɶץ
̫ɫתһΪڱصãȴ뾹Ȼ˸Լ˰壬ļۻԼ߳࡭鷳ǣԼ͵͵мҵҲûһǧ
̫ȵһΪıߣºβƣһúƸûǸӸ
̫ԥ˼㣬κҲطȻԱݻԼ鷳
ǰİӿǶ֮ԴףΤһǧΪ˷ͷ׬ӡʣĸŮ˲ϣΪԼأ
뵽⣬һƵ̫ȣ̵С鲽ǰǵΤĸ첲ܵγˮ֪λɾմ
λɾĸ̣Ҳϡͣʹ棬תΤϣƯһһ䣬ϲɾϲɾҹ˹飬һ¥
Τ̡ǹ߻˵˵ԼһθԺˣϡͶ㲻ϡ
ҲûƽЩźۼ˦һֱ۲˵ľ룬ɫλˣԸһǧ𣬵Ϊλ
˵ţתһָսǴǸͷ˸ҩƼݵСѾͷ̣˵Ҫ


267  3
ջǹ̫ȣ ԸԳ֣Ȼ̫е㲻ʹ죬Ҳһ
Ǽʲô ǸɶΤһǧΪⲻ²̨ Ǵ̫ӵӰ¿ɲܾôˣů Ъ ̫Ȼû߷硣
֪˶Էݣ ܶΤԼ澡ʧ֮ɹڻͬʱԼˡ
һԹ̫ӣһ̼֮֮
ػˣʱ̳У ԷıԹȴʧ˼£֮ǰΣ ɫ˲١
֪˵˲ʱ˵ĻЦһ̫ȵźڰķС۳§סԷĲӣҲ붯 һ˰ˣ Ūһֻ򵥡ֻǲƽ֮֮ƽϣã ȻûȫѾͷظȥˡ
ȳɹرƫ ֮ͷջһ̼ĩ Һͱ̫ӳ̨ϷΪһëѾͷǧ𣬱̫ӾΪԹŮˣ
仰»ϲʤȻȴ̬֮۽ǶһСһҧ΢΢ҪǵĻȥݱ΢ɵ´ңӲʲô֡ʹ˺һ˲赹ˮĹֻۣҪܳڵߣ֮¡
˵ʲôɵأ̫Ӽȶ㣬޷֣̫Ѿˣô룬ⶫĸλ÷Īοҵ߻֮ò˵ţȻһѹסЦ֣᲻صһѶԷˮ۵СֻȵŮǱ˵ڸű̫ˣ
ºûѽ˼Ѿˣôڡδ䣬㱻ȷס˺޵Ĵ
ҷҷҡ
֪˶ãſȼڰɫһһ
һݱ»ްУ۾̫߬ȵƣָĦĿƣǶԷʱġ
һڴ֮Ϸŵÿó˼̫ȵı֤˵ֻǸͷŵҲ˵Լ붫ˡ㿴Լ컯ˡ

Τ̴ɹݴ䰲˳ǱһԷڡ
һӦʱҹ˾ֱûʲôˡ
ܲܽĳ·ʱˣٲȥĸϻҪҸˣԺųߴ٣ļ١
ԼҪɹƷƿ˵ôƫҪңȻеӳȥ죬֮ĴۡΤƳһۣں
ôһңǿͷڵ𣡷ҲܣҪͦȥ˷˻߱ɨسˣ㡪ΤвжΣ
ģĲ˷˻޼ҿɹˣԻḺ𵽵ס
θ𣿡
ǴԷиɨӣ˵ƣܸҲʵһáʱҽϴϣ˵
ȥȥȥ֪˵ɶûԷἰԷԺǸС̡Сʱ˼ֺ棬û뵽ΪһСѾͷƬӻôǮǿˡ
ΤԳĬɵסԼ죬ɴ۾һ֣ǵһʶǰ֮ˣ汻˵˰ɣôСĺӣҲ˼
˵ʲôءΤҴǿ裬ˣԻὫͻߡȻˣͬһСѾͷҲֵǧļۣôȻҵԵɡ
Ժⳡ䲻Τͷ󣬿ɺôҲǺ̼ԹǱȳö࣬һĥéٿŶˣʵҫԼĲע⵽㣡
ڳĴǺͷǿյ޾ƸǱпܳΪҽ̻Щ˶ԣǮҲõĶΨ㲻䡣֮ƻ棬գΤһ֮ˣʵϣζԺʩԮ֣ҽԼľ֮ޱطԷƻرԹ޻ڡ
ΪݺޱĿ壬ԺΪѣⳡϴƴ꣬ȴһֱĶԴ˴ˣʮѵá
Ժ򣺡ƺͦеġɾһ⣬ǳ˲٣Ȼνз硯ֱ̫ˣǵСŵ㡣
ںѳϿҵѣΤӦټһֲֻһ˵㣬Ժһ֮ѵе˺¶˳Ӧ⣿̾Ӫ˵ʸȨ󣬲˵֮䣬Ϊı󻯰ˡܶʱԽһƬԽǻƵҽΪ˽⺪ǵĳˮǸˣһʱ֮һ̻ġ

ҹɫԶȥ
ԺĸۡԼСʱ·̣ųҲˣҼˣ˺üӣܵøЩ
ԺڳѾ˯ԴͬƵһһ㡣
ΤʱҲ˼־⣬׼һ̫ѨϰͻȻ䳬ǰһԣ
ͬʱԺ˯б˻ѣ˲ᡭ
ô£򾪻δĽкΤһ
⣬˲֪ôģͻȻ·ðЩײϡָ֧֧·м䣬ٲȻδ
Τ˳ָķȥǰһĨ°ѵıӰӰӰ´ʣ¹ɵĻէһЩʵ
λûŰɣ費ҪǴҼҽݿԺ˳ǰڡ
ƺ˵˽ţĶ̫ȴŵصȥ·ϵĻҳһ˺ԼʱĹĵػͷ˵˭ǹ
˵
Ժɵۣԭҹڷ߲һ۶ü΢һϮӰټ϶Էϸʶ㽫ҹ·СӡʱٶȴüĿ续һλӣ
ӣӡȵѽʱԶһ·Сܹ
ѽѽ׷ˣСͣ΢΢ôɶҺСˡ
СŵȥոߴĽû°ɣ
¡˵꣬ӣϽ״һĵʹ۵˲ɫ
ҹӦ˵˽ţ·ֻ»顭Τʱش˳Ĭ
ССһ㼱òУ
ǺãݻԶء
ҪֻŰѹӱȥ
СĿһ˵ĬĬذѻ̻˶
С嶼ֻʮ꣬ʵڱôһôԶ·
СС˵ĳƺ֪סݣӡ֤ΤеĲ²⡣
˼ˣǰһֵΤҹи·ϵ̫˵˹ӣĲʤְ̿ûڡӲȥ͵ֲһ
ˣС˶ѡһ䡣
ϣһֱڿС̲סȰӣ˿ɲС£ⲻðοˣһҲӦ
ǰ˳϶һ·Ҳ߲ˡСҲŰǻ
ǣ˾ư͵صΤȫҡ
ҹݣһ˰ҹ·ֽرԶɪɪӲͷһů棬һ֫ٺ绯ڵĴӣůһӻָ
˼̧ܣ಼ֻõʮֻʣ˿ľĵ񻨳򿪣źʵɴĵطһƤձ̺һ񰸼˼ӡ
ССϨ˵ƣ˲ڳǰ·ΤڵǰҸһ˶ҹ飬˼ʹҹ·յޱȣȫòŵѡ
ǵڻбˣԺҲüˣһΣΤһֻ֧ڳϣ۾ȴбӵĹӡ
ζĿעţâڱü¿֪㶢˿һֺܲòΪ
Ǹʧ̬ˡֻ̹մΨóȻסΤԴεЦЦü·͸һ˿Ϊѡ
ЦȴϲԣҾʲôˣ²Ѿµð-Ųʮô⺪ڣĸӻһľ
ƽĮԳζԴǣȴèצϸϸС޴̡Ȼûʲôɱȴ޷ӡ
عСǡԼŹ
ΤЩ̿ײδЦ
˸Ĭһ·ܿ쵽ǰССĲ´ӳⲽ¡
Τ˲δʲôӡ󣬿ǳڣȻתԷȴΤӳóһСɵů¯ɷ˵
üǺ⣿
ع壬˵ªܶ෽޷˼캮ضġ
ϣҪ
ʹʵҲӲҪ˵ͬݣһʩԵĶݡ
Τƺ֪ķӦ̽͵¾⣬롣ֻǾùӵĸԶǧ֮⣬ʹļιйһʱҲ޳ĪȾ޿ΨжԼǶӣС˵Լ˵ҲӰİ
ΤٶһƼˮİ˵һϯ־վڶԷǶϣ˵֮
ӣѾû̿ˣ岻ܺһů¯ѣ°ɡСȰ˵˾䡣
˴˸磬֮ǰƽԭſվ̫ãղůһֱŲãӴͷһ磬ͷ۵ëһԶȫ
¯ůŽӦÿůһҹôȻƾܻ᲻̫ɵˣ
Ҫ󷽷ܶԷĺ⣬ҲǾƲܵġ
뵽̧̧ƤüۼȴһЩҲһΨͼĿǳ̼֣һֻů¯ܳʵֻ޹»Ҳƽ޹ʽһ˵ɡ
˵ְ췢ӣΤһ㣬͵ƽˡ˵꣬һԵСС̧ŽݣΤԺһɾıӰ

ݴšءعϣ˲Լͬһۣ漴̻ص
ؼҵ·ϣԺ˲ɿţһûһѽû뵽عСͲƢȴСɾһƬʵ⣬ǽ͵ſů¯ãˣ仰벻䳰ȷ
˼һλѹӣ㺰˹ָкɫΤһԣԺǼɵԽ񻰣̲סһţá
۾ã˵ˣǱӰҲȷʵϸЩڵϹĿô˵ˣ
Ҳǳʵο㲻ҲԼ񲻺ô
˰ˣˡԺǿ˸תۼΤеӳɫãϸƣֱ㱻Է˻ȥ
ιҾͿһӣһ¼۸𣿣
ѾϺõع񣬵׼ٽ𡣡Τ˵꣬㽫֧
ԺһۣôֵǮǣλСǿˣů¯پ£Ҳֵٽ𰡣
ԼԿҲǷһһԼ˰ɡ
ߣҲɵԺ˰ΣֻԷ̾ȵǰˣִؼνǡˣΤ͵ܣ˵ЩǲǶ⸱ɵĵԣ
ΤһЦôܣݰɹݵ̫ӵ¾ͺλȫһңΪعСӸͬʱֲжȣ˵ǰظɵ
Ժ˸ۣƣⶼˡ˵ģԷǸŮģ滳ǲǶ˼һˡ
ǸŮӣңҲΪ
ΪΣ
ΤۣĪóԸˣ˽͵˵ǰɡ
ϣʱԺǽ˿ȺӶʨŭԺİ


268  4
ԺԼķ˽ڼҲó ļΤһ˼ϵ£ͷϵҪò࣬ȥһ˳ǱԷ
̵ѾȬ ĳԴһӦϵȣ ҩ඼Ǻõģ ͷһۼû
СѾͷǶ¹ɣ ΤһţǰЬ¡
أ ȥǶãлҪ˵Τ΢üöԷȥǰţԸ˼ӿʵľӼҷ
·ʱСѾͷѰڶˡ
Τóһݰָӡ飬 ͬǷһڷڰϵĻһҵǮұ˴ ȫԼѾˡ
̲δһֻۣ㶵ؿΤƺ̫Է˵ʲô
Ҳˣ 㹻Ǯ С鱡Ժǲġ
Ҫ𣿡ҧҧ͸۾ɵģҪ޳ˣ ף Ǳˡ
ɻбݣΤĵضյȻԴ˲Ϊ
öˣ ǼܴɢҲƸƣҲʹɲȥӪЩΪ֮ˡ
̴˫һˣûʲôˡ
ΤȻЦû뵽СС;ѧ˵ѡ
̧̲ͷǰ⣬һȶŲյһֻһ۴Сӣɵȥɹݵʧϼȴвֹһݡ
ΤǴصһ̣ϯվ𣬾Ӹµûһ˿¶ȣһؽΪǸʵͽؼĺӣ˭֪Ϊ̰ͼ⸻ݵ治ɫƭҡ
ûС̵ȦѸٺˣˮ㣬ᡣ
ΤȻ޶ԣҲ֮໰ʵ˵˰ɣɹЩò˫ȫĹ벻Τۣο㡣˲е˼Ǯȥ̤̤ʵʵӡұùµİʰң
˵꣬ΤرȥͦСˡϸҪӳȥ½ǺȻץסͷһ˫ͨͨһ˫
̺۾ǿסˮ϶ûСûƭ㡭
Τһ⺢ӣҪô
ûϼһо˾˺;ĸɰԺǷ򸾶ˡǾĸԴӵʣҲòȥͶ˾ˣ㿴Ұٰ㲻˳ۣǸ԰ʳģʹҰеļҲӲ
Ǳ䱾Ҿ˾ǰ˵ҵĲǣ˾Ļ㽫ɹݡ𱿴̫СͰҷֵķȵһźˮ澡˭֪ǸŮˣͷñӳǲԡȣֻҲ˶ˡ
ȷʵǾ˾˺;ĸɹݣҲô˵ĥ޲ݻûУҪٻȥͶһ֮
ǿ̵ڲضһȴֻƺһĨ
ʲôޣѿˡΤüȴﳶһǰСѾͷ
ҽʦ˽̵壬ҽʦ̹⺢ӳڳԲôůӹǱͬ˲٣ʮͿҲͰ˾ģ˶ͷϵƤ֮⣬ϻкܶദ˰̣úúš
þᣬȻۣ䣺һҪ𣿡
Τ̾˿룬ûбҪԷ˵ҪףǸˣ˵ֻõ档Ҷͬ飬վֻõˡ
˵˻ʱΤ˿Ȼܾ֮Զ׼
ȴץ䣬ԼһɱʧΨһϣ꣺ãһϴ˲赹ˮɨ䡭ʲôۻԽģûƭ㣬Һܸɵģ
ΤδɿڣҵĸҲȱˡ
ңԼѪ飬ҲһƼݵĺôԼǻ쵰ĸһ֮ѣ
ɣҿԸһĻᣬʱҿļֵôӴԺ˳Է֮Τǲ̿СһͰ͵С˳Ĭ
䣬صصͷС˶֣ض棺һúñֵģһᱶŬһүʧ
Τüү
ԼôôŶʮ绪ï
٣ү̸ϽĿڡ
ΤһǣֻܳԺֵĸүϧԼλʡĵϵͼݺȥˣһ̯ӼҵȫָԼء
̵ͷĺˡ
ҲҲУܲݸĹһɾɡʲôأҲ̫ˣ
˼ţΤԴǸ޹ؽҪĳƺˣһЩֱҲǲԡ
ôУҵĴˣɶ
Τҡͷ΢΢ǷģǹϡƩһ˹ά˵ʮֶͬĨۣ˭Ҳ֪˽һڱα㡣
򣺡͹Ǻˣӿʱһһ͡ˡһ⣬ƨģǱÿˡ
һӽϰ֣пʱҲ̸һЩرԸ⣬ҲԺһΤ˵꣬ʱˣ׼լʱԲԷĹǺտš
ֻʣһˣḧԷΪԼԤıī˿ĳǰδеϲ㡣

ãϲƺ

ѵǸĺС˸磬һֻӴȥתתܲ򵽱һĲߡ
Ҳ£˱һͬȥˣԹпûʲôȤСּۻ۵Ĺһգתͷһҵ䵱С
ӣֵͦرġ
һң̧ſżȻڵĳ˲Ϲۡ
һŴССĽڷ˵ֵ滨ݣкĻƶſȻһҵ̣
λ͹٣֣ƹ׼䵱һλʮľһұµ˫ŲСȵذڶ
˴еȷǴ䵱һЩݵ̿ѾϹˣδ룬Ҳ֮١
Ȼڵĳ裬ȴˡ
ҿԼЩǰһˣ
˼ˣСʵʲô𣿡
ƹ񵭵һЦȻӡ˺ĵ䵱Уӷޡﵽ񡢱īֽ⣬ܵ䵱
ңʶָָԼӦһӺɫ
͹ϢŭֻǿЦȻʱЩѣǾġҪŵùھ¿һ䵱֮¿Ա֤ӡӲɵۿ͵£һļ۸񡣡ƹԹŵ΢Ц˵к˽ԱһµС䣬ַԸΪȲ衣
ԷĪеЩʣ౾ڴ˹ʳԥƬֱ̺⣬콫Χڲϵĺȡ£ݸǰ֮ˣͷƹæۡ
ĮѩƤëƷϧȡδ̣˴¡ҿֵƹм֣һ۾ͱϳƷ֣΢һȻָͷ
﹣һϲµģԷĹѾϵĸ߳٣ЩǮҪӦһ컹ǲġ
͹پǮ𣿡
ûУֻǡȻֲõˡֻڳ˸ɡ
ƹļ۸ʮֹԼռ˵СˣˣϼӼ۱ͬҪۡˡ
ϢӹԷ·ϲ۵Ĳƹ񿪿ڵ͹ȱ𼱣ʵǼϡ䱦䵱ǮԶֹʮѩá
ԣܵ˫ֻס壬ϵػؾǸǼҵĴұ۳ߵļۣҶȥġ
ʵػȻɣɫ͸ϾȷʵƵмƷҲƹ˵ǰ亱֮ԲԸ䵱ֻ״ͣӵÿ˽һ顣֮ССһöεͬݵ
ʹľټ٣Ҳʧ
Ŀ뿪֮ƹת˶¥һŸΤٴ裬òڡ
ôˣ
ţʲôҲû䵱ôˡ
ĽֵϣȺеһĨ°ɫӰۡ
ΤջĿ⣬΢΢ҡҡͷƲƶعСչ̫Щ
Ҫ𣿡
ˣլӣһȥĹܼϱаɡ
ƹ˿Ǿͺá˵ģʱ俴˱۾ˣԸȥ˲赹ˮźҲٹЩϵˡ
ΤĬȴȻŽϵĨӰƮԶ
ˣ֪㾿ܸܲҴϲأ


269  5
Ϊڿ֮½еò˳ һʼҵļλʿ壬κһһ߹°һΤǸˣ ˵ͱžܾ һضûС
˺󼸾շתòҵһƶȴڵľ ƢҲȽ͵Ľ ˶뵽ˣһ˵̳ڽ̷ þҪˣ˵ʲô¾ʵͷҲԼĽߣΤνҲ޼¡
ˣ¾ôˡ
ΤС츳 Թ쳣ⳡҲδڣ ⲻ˱ơ
䱻Щ˿ᣬȴԴһ㲻⣬οΤǼһͣ˼ʮʥ飬 ҿȥˡһҲˣ ôٶٶѧʲôãҲŲЩֻ֪֮ҲͷӽءҪҰΪʦɡ
⣬·¶ԷͬƵģ΢΢С ᳶ˳Τڣ Сذѵ֮ǰӦҵģ˵пյʱҺܶණ ˵ҿԺ
С¹һΤȻʧЦǴӦֻǸģҲޣԶЩѧʶԨֻ̣»㡣
ǰܲ˵ס֣ǿҡҡͷҲŲҪǶʲôʥ飬ѧʲôֻʲôҾѧʲô
Τ̿⺢ӣС󣡸ոջ˵ҽʲôѧʲôƫƫֻʥأ
գգˮ͸۾ƤƵֻҪѧģҲˡ
ΤЦ̾һģȻ㲻ϲȻǿ㡣ʵҶЩʥҲȤ㲻ϲǲѧҲաչǸңҲûҪϰʷԣʶд֮⣬㻹ѧЩʲô
СԴ˼˺һȴҡҡͷ
ҵ˼ǣԺΪһʲôˣ
Σ̵Ļش𲻼˼Ϊˣ
ԣΤɵü˼֣ΪΣ
˿⣬ǡסǳĴʣΪһֱɶΪ
ƯüãȻƢҪǿǶϲСѾͷ˵Ȼ
ΪЩ
аһɳ죬̫ӵµĶ裬˵̫ûû׼̫ӵгһճ̫ɲ𡣡
˵̫ȿв㣬ٳҲ㣬Ը⣿¶ĽΤ̲סʵ
û뵽СѾͷܾʮָɴࣺҲҪ
ΪΣ
ٻٺãҲߡ
ΣΤ̾һ漴ָ¶Էķ㹻ŬΪҲǲܡ

СС˳شƽԭ˵¸³һҪһ¡صϯشٽǧţ˵ǵİ˷ǰ磬νʢǰ
ºðˣֻҪƽԭӱлŹ˶ǾܻˡС˵
СǿĲѣǰڻм죬ȥΪѡƥÿĲϣѰɡ˵ĶЩȨ󣬹ӿǧСȥ
˺չü۵ȥ񣬶˵һŴ󷽣ЩʧСҼǵ·뿪عǰ²Ƶģƽʱûôͷײ㡣ȥһҡ
ССܿ콫·˵ʽɫ¾˵㣬ӵǺӣֻΪⵥЩ
ӣǻǮһ°ɡһһ죬Ǵţʱ򶳲˿ǺãСΪѵ
޷δʱֻҪʣ·Ҳûô䡣˱˵·ԼϱȻһ£ƺȽ⣬Сȥϴ
ڵ˸죬ϴССæǰæһźϴ£һȥǣ
СΪͷȡʱź֪֧ӱԷ͸Τ
֧ɡȡһ֧ľݸС
ôȴ˸пõ¯ǿˡСľбб˵ķϣ졣
¯Ҳãֻճˮõľ̿ҲĻж̿ů¯أ
һͷƷͱˡҶû˵ʲôֺα⣿ùãԼϡ
СȻƽһǿΪƵ
ԣת˳Ĭ
Դм俪ʼͬĸļһסһƫƧԺ
븸ЩԴ׵ȣĸ״һֱԺＫٳţÿճչ׵ԼǹĵЩֵֹżľĸ˵Щְ죬Ҳܱߡ
ĸǸɵŮӣСΩΩФСŮرϲⲻ뿪ǰרһϺõĥһ֧ɰèͷ͸
뿪عˣҲ֪ĸΡ
طҵ˼һСȻش˽ļǵشܵǰˣӣǵ֪ôĳԻˣͣ·߲ˣ

Ժ־֧ɳҽ磿ΤԼҵĺڣͷ޲財ڶĿ
ԺһǲڷϵèͷӣƲƲ죺ղ㵹ԽԽɧˡ
Τһѳ֬Уһ䣺֪û
Ҳܱǿ
Һʱˣ
ΪҲáСѾͷڱԷˣԲԣԺЦΤ͵ܣԽˣѾͷ⣬βֱӱ⣿ȹҲǳ˵С˵㣬Ҳ
סΤ޲ýԷûŵ˵ҶûǸ˼㻹߶߶ʲô˼СȥǶףֻҪԸߣұ֤ףúϣͷϣ
Ժһëף˵ڣҪǱҼͷĸϻ֪ˣһô
ΤЦʲôҵģţֲš
Ժ̾һ̱ϣҶ㵱㹻ǣûȢӣһڣæ⻹ΧźӴתһ͸͸綼ϼѡ
ֳҲûʲô˼㳳ҪȥĵᣬҲóŵġ˵ΤΪչⲻҪȨ򽻵ϯӦٲˣЩίߵĳϣϲһԼͥԺ꣬СãʱʲôҲҲʧ徻ڡ
ΪԸȥʤⴿǻǸûģЩ¾Է޷Ϊ̯ɾѰˣҪǸҲȥû׼˼ͷ㴩СЬ⻹ҪҪˣ
ƴڻԺȻһΤ䣺㿴ǲعСô

Լ˼ССȥͱûл֪룬̧ͷһΤȫҡĺʲô
һƣΤʵŶůµ΢СҲȥƽԭͬȥһͬУΣ
ƽԭҲ
ʶҪܾȴΤ³ǰһץס֣ɷ˵Լ
ſɺͳ˻ŲҪ鿪֡
ΤعͷʱˣٵȥҪٵˡӦǵһȥƽԭϰɣһȥʧ
ǣССû
Ǹʲôǻû㣬ԹݵϢġ
Ҳԣʲô¶ûԼƽԭҪǵͷٴεΤ


270  6
ҿΤ ˲Ų״εŸٵ˻ȻǶһƽԭۡſʱȴһСɧ
ⲻΤôôˣ
⻰˵ġ˼Ǻ׸ ҲйĴ˴󸻺 Ϊβƽԭ֮У
Բӡƽԭε Τͣ һ̼֣ϯƽԭΪС޵칦磿̸ʿſƽƽ
λ˭úܡ
˽ĸOO@@ ΤȫȻӣŷЩǰҡ߹
˾òףͣ²ӳǹ˸Ҿˣյüλſʤҡ
ԭ ˡЩ˵Ҳװģػȴתź׷¶мı顣
ʲô ǸûҪķˡ
˵عӣһˣĸҲɸһ£Դˡ
ѹϯҪϯֻһ¾ ԭûǮð°ã ƽԭٰϯٲɽ亣ζԽóԵһڸ
̨Լǣ
Τǰ棬ͣЩں֮ڵģ ӿɾҲˡ
˸ ߱˵ЩδҵĶֻǾ֡زʶ ΪҪһţȡЦңΪع𣿡
߲ȵͣ䳣̬Τһ仰˵꣬ǰ

½½룬ʱϯʼ
ƽԭʤλλŸոռڵ
ֻλٽʡȣڶ͵߲ܣյȫա
Τ֮У̫΢Ժͬĩϯλ壬֮ࡣ
ϯǰƽԭʤ˵Щ滰лԶŽȻȻתԵٽϣشҶ֪ΪԹġǧšѱС׽Ϊ׵ܹǸ˳һ⣬Աܻɱ
˻һڳ֮޲ƺȲʡ
ȻҲ˽ŵʵߵ˿׷ˣ
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ĻشڱͲ˿ŷ׷׶λٳĽ˴Ĵָ׻˵ԹӢ۳ꡯٽΪǻȮӰ
ʢһھƣһмСҳݡ
ΤźۼЦЦߵԺСͲͦߵģô˿´벻ۡ
ԺΪȻسһķ򣺡СС˴󹦣ֺҲˣλعСأϯǰһ𡭡
˼ҺôбȻñȽԶ
䣬ƽԭϯʡ˿Բᡣ
ƹѲЩνʿ֮һƨ๧άƽԭΤԽȤ׼㳶ڳȥ͸͸ƽԭһλſͲ֪ιһֱͷˣؾ˹ˣиһֱ̹ӡϵĹսӿ˭ʤ˭
䣬һѻȸ
ΤеľյԾü
⻰ǷʣʵǷѡ
˵Թȡʤӭ֮ӣҵ棻˵عʤļԹˣʱһԲִԿĻˡ
ΤǱбȥ칦磬һſڴ˵ȳϲּ̫ܻ⣬ǵõ⣬ƽԭôԭ˵ѯսµĽ˵Ǹǰعѿ
ʱ˿̣ΤԹõķ֮Աǵ˼㡣֮ǰĿһ̫Ϊһ潼˻ӽδľ֮һƽԭҲˣĹǿ֪
ˣСˡԺԴĻ˼
ΤΣҰ䡣
СӣҺúÿ㽫Ӧԡ
΢һ½Ȼ󲻱ûӮҡ
һڱͲ⣬Ҳһ¶Ĳм֮ɫΪɻض˵Щģ֮ʡ
λſǲ׷ŹˣʹΪΣ
սˣ󲻹޿޷ӿ޸ĸӡѪɺӡͿ̿õءµĳǳսӮʲôأԿѵվ޹ա˵꣬һʱ˶˳õĳĬ
˭ЩĿ֮Բǳ滰˭Ҳĳ滰޿ɱ粵Ϊһˣᱻϡʡ
õľ׺һƬķΧоյ̲ؿڵյƽԭʢޱ칦磬λʶ֮ʿΪϯ򵱾黶ĪҪɨ¡
һȳֻͷһϵ𳤣ƽԭ಻ɫص˵ͷԼǡ
ᣬ׷֮ٱ־ǧػˡ
λС˵ĸ˵㣬ʵҲˣٱǸƽԭ˳۶ˡԺø첲ᶥһΤȴ泯ĳ
Ҳ֪ԷĻͱλﹴˡ

ϯ֮ڣΤΪɣܲؽԺ֧ˡ
ֻʣԼˣΤؿ˿ڣӽ¹Ŀ࿴
ŲԶ߸ߵḮţҲֻԶ˶١
﾿ģӵĻ¡𣿡
Τһٶ׷ʣ΢΢ףȻҶ磬ѱﻹǸȥյ룬ϯ˵Щǹû֮ʣֻΪ˲ԼѿҲЩԹ˶ָժϣΤԶԼԳƵĳ˳ǣ߷ֲʣ˵Ķ˵ˣҪȡЦȡЦɡ
Τ΢ӣЦĻشܻأ
ҵ²ҾѾˡ
˵ķӦΤ׳Ա񡭡ԼʵؿȴĪһͨСӴϧ²˼̣ӻҪĴĥš
գ˻˶ԷһƬ⣬ССһǰˣԼĳΤֵ

ҹĻƽԭһκܳ·ҪߣССǰר־ݳ˵ֳͷڳڴ
칦ϵķʵڲóԣƽԭʤоֹ˸еʧſͶԼȴϹۣôǾ֮١
ƽԭΪˣǲԴٱνϣ
ͻɧһҷӵĽŲԶ˵ڤ֮ϣǰô£
Сعͷ˵ڳзǧʲôһ׵ټٱҰѲ顭
뵽칦ἰɱ֯ǧšֵùٸҹѲ֮ӦþΨһҴĶ
Ѿǳʱˣǲ̫ƽǿȥɡС֮ǰҲ˵һЩڡǧšĴԣЩ
Сͷ޳һ£ܵø죬֮һ󵭵̳һٱǵĽŲˡ
¿غ۾׼ĿСƬ̣ȴȻһһѱĽĲӣ
ڰСĳڣ˿ѹ͵漴ڶ𣺡ͱ𶯡


271  7
˵ĿڱǱ˵ס ĺҹһ˿ȣֻǾȣ ǿ־塣
ڡ̳ǡ˵һƬްģ棬 ȴ׺ݵý ȻȴĻһ˿뽹ǡ
Ƿ𡭡ʣ ǿ϶ĳ
ȻһȴʶؽгԷҪֵֽ˼֣㣬 ҵޡ
ڵмн־͵ˡ
Сո˸ʱ˵ĵ򱱣Ҫһˡ
ССôˣӳǸʲôʱҪرգ ȥ𣿡
ҺȻмҪ죬˽ˡ˵üһۼԼϵĽУ ݲȵ

һ·ϣʱǰϵ˳ſڡ
سǹٱҪϳ̲飬˵Ϊץǧšףϲ˳
ССΪǴ˾ðԼҹӣ ǲ飬 ˫һԲϱ㷢˿ڽǡССǹٱĶ֣±㱻һߡ
һƿһλ׿ɣ֮
Թ˺֪˭˹ӣСǰۡСöԷ̫ ܵվһָ˵
Сðӣ ֻӣҲȲѣ 빫ӲҪ⡣˵ֻǸܴӣ˵ݱϾسǵδѳʲôǲ̫֡
˶ԷĽֻͣ΢΢̧̧ƤޱôڣҿԳ𣿡
Ȼԡ
СС޺޵صһȻȥ

ָĵصλڳǱһ³󣬷Ŵܳ
֪ƾðһˣССһҪʶԷǺˡΪʱͻȻԼã
ССѨְγָ˵ʺϵǮȫ
δκη·һǮԹԵݸ
˵ǮȻûӶʱԼ΢Ŀԣƺż׺ˣԷҵ壺
̾ϢһعרȥǮֻ鷳
ڵĿԽԽ󣬼żٵĴϢȻջ˽תҴҽ
ȥһֻ˼߲ưܵ񣬱ֻʣһݶ⡭
ѭߵһݶԣ汧һСĺӡ
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òᣬҸҽʦúơźյ糺պ͸Ƥ촽Ĳ̣ѡ
δŻͯһӻָһ˿ʶǿۣ˿غһ
ӲôأףΪβȥҽΣ˹˵Ȼ֪Լ˿Եһ׼ͽн̤һСһǰƼݵĺʹԾĻ˵ڡ
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ð죡Ѻӽңȥҽݡ
ЦһԽ߱¶ˣȺӵ٣һҾֻ־ˡ
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ЩҡӵĲҲ鲻ˣҪȫȻǰһ֮ԵİˣҲ
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ջǴӦʱˣӱ˶ԷжǶԥʱ˿̵޴ѡֻüϣǰܹسŵκڶĲ
ССʱ˶Դڶݳ˺ǡ
ҹ˾ҽ͹ˣͣһһҰţȴһûлӦ
˲ģ·һʱһҽݲſţɫȴʮѿҹĲ˯ʲôأ
˵⣬ԷؾȺһ
ҽʦԭһӻȻ˿еĿԼͷĺʱЩ̡
Ǽ˲Σڣ˭ֻںµҹţһ󺹣
ҽģ뵽⣬ҽʦϴĲˣȴǺɡ
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һ֮ҽʦüǰˣôģƺƼݵӣϸ첲ϸȣһǳڳԲ
˭֪ԷڵĻᣬֵĻһһ䣺⺢ӵķ纮ôãҽΣҲڲز
һҲȥˣæʵӾΣкãһҪǮ⣡
ҽʦһۣûػ˾䣺żˣʲôȥˣνɽȥ˿ټҲΰɡ
Ƭ̣ڳһҲס̱ǽϡ
˿ӲȴеεģҲ԰ˡ
ҽʦûһûʵǸȵˣӦڳһС˺ͺӣҲδڴǮ
ҩЧúܿ죬ڶºһϱ㿪ʼĶͷȶһЩ԰
ŵĴʯͷһأƣľϮƤסܡʵڳŲס쵥ַԴ齱߳˯ȥ
Ψһ򽥽ȼֲָҹɫУӷһԾ£ڵ棬ͬһֻݽýɽè
ظڱԵ÷԰ݵСھΡ
֮ǰҽʦһҲˣžø
Լ˾ٹ׷ӷڶôСͺںһ룬Ϧ˲ֻӲ
Ƴһ۷ڴ˯ˣʱע⵽ĺҹ꾹˵˿ǹӦеĴ
ǣתӳҳһӣŵ˶Էļͷ

îʱչ˱ˡ
컹ûһƬ谵
۾򳤾ñһƶӲᣬòվϵıĶ䵽˵ϡ
˼ӣȥĻҳŶλҽʦӲԼܺΪԼϵġ
ڶѾȫգ೤˯
˶ˮȡ˲ȥԺľ߼ˮ͸ĵľˮһɨȫ˯⣬ͷ˲øѡ
ڶѿʼתССҲʲô£ǷٳٲѲҪһֱտ
ǲԸæΪһӣһղݣѱǲҪ鷳
ҪҽʦΪһ£
òԺﲻɵøֳԷűȹڵɫջա

ҽʦһֱ˯ʱӿҲڿӪҵƵⲽȥϴȻȥϵӸЩԵġ
ʱˣĻġ˺ȴҲֻسš
û뵽һƿҽݵĴţһЦվǰһɵİ˽ʳС
Τôˣ
˲ѿڶģĶ
ΤʳУǰ΢΢˻ΣҲרţ˳ӡ


272  8
ӣ˲Եգգ۾
Τڳ˳ ȻѹڶԷ˵֣𡣡
£˫ɵԲ 촽ţô֪ģ㡭ң
Τÿɷü һĶԷļͷ ˹ӣ Ŀѽ֪һôΣյ£
˵Ȼ˼Թ˵Ƥӵ롰ǧš򽻵 ȷǻĲͷˡµԼ޴ӱ粵ҲĽ͡
ԣ׼ȥٸ淢ңҲãٻֵǮģ ӻ޶ȣֻͽò˶ñỨ⡭
ĵ¿ηΣȥ٣ ר֪һΤſ򣬹ŵس̾һֺЦǶ˵ ˹ӳ緹ģ ӿɷ͸
ڣǼ鼴˸˾䣬̶óһ

Τö֮ң˸λ ʳа˰ϡ
ʱҽʦϴ꣬ һƼΤһֿ֮ˣ˭Ǻӵĵ
Τ ָ˿ڵǡǺӵĴ󲮣˵Сֶˣ
Τˮ治ɫҽʦΪ棬Τ´һŻһǼҵʵţ뵽һûǮҽΣﲻɵø̾˱˵Ȼӣһӳֵܾ֮
˶˶ֹʱΤؽҿʳеĸӣһ̧°ͣŸʲô԰˾Ͳóˡ
һ
Τźܼ򵥣߹ࡢӵһˬθᶹǡ
µ糿ڵʲôҩŶǿ˵Ϊʢһ롣
˽ӹֻ꣬ాǡôÿһ׶Ө͸ɢŨ㣬仹׺ż˿Ϻ׺͵
óеĵԵعŷƣ˵ֻ߹ʢװ޶ȵرԭ֭ԭζΤһŹ̵࣬һ治кԷϽȺȡ
඼˽˰ֹһ䣬ͷǳǳһڣζȷʵޱȣԼǰعԹɽ亣ζ
ΤױƵּһϺŽٳӻ¥ƣ¥Ļ˵ǶĵʦǴġ
̲ס̧ʳԡ
úãҲ˵ˣšΤһԼıӣԹ롣
ԼʳζС棬˯һ޵ڶˡ
ϵ춯ºһ࣬ǰӷ𣬹еʵôɻﲻʣ
ڶκ󣬳Ĭҡҡͷ
⺢ôͷԵġΤ˹ЦǺǵظ-ڵСѣʲô֣кóԵĵģҪҪ
ڶµرͷһȴڴʱؿ
Τֱӣ̧̧°ͣĶˣϴϴιԵİɡ
Ż˼Сġ˰һۣתȥϴõˮ衣
Ƭ̺ڶϴøɸɾǰΪʢһС࣬ĵϺ廹δȫָֻܳһ嵭ʳȬˣٸóԵģ𣿡
ڶ˿ĭǶˣɾܶģȴԾһԣٳδꡣ
Τ˴ӱ˴˵⡣
⺢ΪǧšŹ£һ·Ÿײ֪˶ٵ⽣ӰѪȷ磬뾯ܱͬȣİ˱оҲ
˼ˣ˲Щۣ۾мֳͬ飬м˶ȼͬıֻԼˡ
㲻Ҫ£Ҳ˺ġǼһ棬㻹ǵ𣿡΢Цù룬Ҩһݵߣ㸸ʱúչ㣬Ȭˣ㡣
ᵽףڶķж˼֣ϸϸҹȷ˺͸һǽʱյԺֻϡԷ׵׽ߵڡ
ĿӹŽɫƹߵѩ䣬ڶڴͷһЩǣ˳ſ죬ȥ

һС극ΤʮԾʰ꣬˾¶ˡ
ֻʱӽû뵽һȥСС˸档
ǡԼӻģ
СҡҡͷǸ£ǸѨߵġҺС첻ͽӳ·һ·Ӳ˻ЬӶĥˡ
δ䣬һԵСȻδˣӡҲΪСҪͷˡ
û¾ͺá˵űЩǮСС˫Ь˭֪һǮŻȻеļöǮѾȥΪڶץҩԼһס޷ˡ
ӣӣ
ǵһ¡˵꣬Ҵ¥ԼԷŹϣſʼ䵹
һͨæµ֮ɵ̾˿ߵطͷֵǮĳԼǼԼ⣬ֻһ䡶ӱԭ

һվӵǰ˵ⲻ˼ǧԼ游ĸ̫һͬΪʵľԼȣĸʱľӾٲά衭
ǻԵɺҲã̫˳Ҳã游ջǵ緭̣һƬɱӮλ
ԼĴ뵱游ƣͬڽıܹȵһ죬ʹɳûһںĶأղýѡ
һݵ壬̧˽ȥ
ǵڶδݹˡֹ֮ǰǸЦݿӡ
˿żɽͷҰЩۡ
ֹ¿һ»ϵЦˣסӱԭȫұãʵѵһƷֻǡ
˵ֹ˿ڣ˵޷
ֹ΢΢̾ϢӦ֪ҪղعŶ桢챦ϡ伮˵ҲϡϡȴԶԶƲϡ桯
ԣǲգ
գȻգֻ۸̫ܲߣ֣Ͼ䵱ҲҪġ
۰ɡ
ڶҽţ붬̿ؽãڵǮ˴˿Ҳû˼ּۻֻۣҪԷļλҪ̫֣ʹԼԵҲûʲô˵ġ
İٽ𣬲֪ӿ飿ֹ±˼ۣʵλͬģȻҲֻǸµģһ߼۾ġ
İٽѾƽļλ߳٣ȼü֮´ࡣ
Ƿ飿˰첻ֹΪԷڼλ⡣
˼ҲˡͻȻı⡣
Ӿİٽ̫٣ֹµһЦԷķӦƺ֮С
Ǻĵ䵱УĹ£ƷͲؾӺ֮¡ֻļλˡҲܽܣҲΪˣļ޷ͬ
Ǿá಻ʶ
ȻѱԷֱ˵ЩȣЩżڷӹȷƽƽ棬ﶪҲ֣һΪ֮ʿϵɵǧ˿ɶǳذŻѪд´˵ȿ飬˾޼ֵ֮ٽ𣿡
˵ֱԲʶֹµҲգȻЦʣԣҪһˡ
˽壬һģҵ

ҹΤڵϸϸĦöɫͨ͸ʵϼѵԲҼɵø̾һ䣺
عյרֱֻϵӵܲʸȻƵֹվһ˵
ΤģϾϸĴУ̶ҡҡͷ˵Ŀɲ񡣡
ֻеһԸԼһֱصĶλ顢ҫƼɵ򳹵׵ɱ䡣
ˡˣڳˡ
ûпΪϡȤıʤıչ鱻ΤС
⡶ӡ  ꣩


273  1
紺µĺ⣬ ΢̴⣬δ̣Ǻӵıڲã ع· δѡ
δȫ˰귱˥ĳأ ȻĽֵ̼ ͣǻһǽߵžӸͷ˽š
û ں¾ӡǲǺɣ
ɣɱϾǸӣӦסݣҲ˵ܴع˶ܲ𣿡
ʱͬգ ˼˸֦Ҳʽˣ ֿȵӳɱʲôˡ
ΣôҡֱҲԹĵϣҲùԹԼβˡ
ССѾϤϣ øжżӣӣ 嵥Լ͵кˣھҪĿ𣿡
еһӳ̧͸īһ˿ķһöСɵ̽ڹ̶ͷ ĿѲǰһ֮ ɫĴ΢΢ϣں֮Ҳûʲôѣ಻Ǿ֮ˣ һ´ɲءȥϲɹһЩõʳģȥ̳ӺþƣԶٱ㷹ˡ
ôʿһ𣿡
ˣһһлǾ͵Щ
СͷҲãٿʡġձϾǨ֮ϲҺС廹Ƕ౸ЩƲдҲɫѰɣҲһմմϲ
ǵġӳݸ˵űȥԼԷ¡
ڣϸոļǳЦ漴ɢһ򿪰ԵĻľӣͷǰĸļ˴͹쳣ĵĵµʵһӦȫЩĸһһ߷ƣ²֪˶ãֲ֪˶ٰ취е֮˽һ·ӱ޴ǧ֮һ·͵ԼС
ĸܳ谮ƫƧԺ乬죬׸ơ߲ȵǳ̬Լ겻ߣһףȴҪǰٵľʱʱΪԼĶӹǡ
ӳۣסۿڵ͡
ϧЩů˼ۣȴҲûʸˡ
ڵ˫ֺݺָ߬״ʹȻԸȥ䣬ȴվǲԼֵΤ
Եʻᣬཻ꣬һβɢ

˵ʲôȥϻΪĸʲôЦĸףΪҪ˵ӣ
ϢŭֻȨ֮ƣ㸸谮ŮˣһֱδܵһаŮȻȻͳĲһĶӣϥ±һλĹӣ֮ҲһܳҡһΪĵӣԴ˱˸㡭
ˣ϶ԷĻ촽ŭĶ鶯ţܴ㲻ܴûôԶıҲȥʲôչӣΪ˲һǰ̶ֶΣ
Τ༱ۣ踺ôãѲɾΪһϸ֦ĩڶڻıõһ幦һΪĸߣ˭ϣԼŮͷأܽһպλΪҲ˳³̫ӣЩҲϣģ
ˣĸԸƽĸžۣˣǶԶҪЩѩ̿ʱʱӼã˷һġ˽Գ̼ĩҲ㻳ƫȻ֮󷽾Լªǳչؽ㾡һ֮дл̫֮λͷ޺;־ˡǿеŭ⽫־ǿƽؽ꣬ΤҲδ磬ĬȻתȥ
˺һ£żһβڶ
Ȼһνӵʱԭϲȴٿɢת˲ܲһߡ
ŲĸддԳǶԷһѣ˵ļಡãȴΪεҽة벻
ԭŽɣϾĸҲһ򿵽׷λʶʹԷֻý˵ȥﲻ֪ԵʱǨ£Ծ˿ͷʵݺɲȴѾ£ﲻԸԼԶںĶͽǣһֱ
ʲôĵط˽һһ䳱ʪգ乬ҪµĸȻһ£
ڼ䣬û˹ʣ˲⣬ÿԵĳ˵࿴ֻЩԶػԼȷùķʳ
ᣬ̣
ԼںǵĽͷۻͥŲʱĸǰյūһϴԼԹݵĳʳζͬⲻ֪ĸܿһٱδسԵõյһ·ʱԼ˿δĸǰ١Ŀľ¾ò֪ʡµĲһһ߷Ƴһۡ

Ӹǣʹ۽ǴȻܿ⡣
գӳȥΤӦɶԷǣȥˡλʹδȴһֱŮӡ
֮һ쳣˳ĻƺʮͶԵʾԸӡ
ǣ˾Ϊӳ
ӻ·ѾˡĻȻֹС
ӳһݣ̧Է
ʱƮζķ˱ΤһīΪĻ˵ˣԷԼԺͶӪ̼֣ЩͲˣԷǰĹӣЩȻ벻۵ġ
յ֮΢Ķ˽˻ϻӡ
ԴղɢнӴȴһֱδ˿飬޻̸·ֻص˳ʼʱ⡣
ܸܲ˵ʵʶżȻǱȻӳִյļ΢΢͸һĨ죬ָָ̧ǰΤ־ʳ̻õʡ
Τ˼ΣƵżȻʶ֪ǱȻ
ȻȻӽҵġӳ˻еıյյмξҺŶϣȾһСƬˮա
ӣҲƭ㡣ΤǸˣһֻ֪ܺйҲǱ˸ΪݣһֻıԼľЩֻۣйֻëķ˲Żʩչ;ĻᡣΤ̹ԡ
ëķ˲缦Ѱô⻪𣬿ϧעǰһáӳԳƵĳ˳ǡ
ᣬΤ˴ûд
ƾʲôôţ
ƾҶԵ˽⡣̼伫ʵ˽ˡ˲Ϊ۳黹ȨŹӳ綼ͬѡ񡣡
Τû˸㣬еʱͦµġӳͷоһüȴǿɬЩҳ룬ʱ㣬ֻǺֹ⾰
ΤЦЦǺˣ
ӳҡͷ״毺õĴ걻ҺȾ죺˵ڣɺڣҲԸ١

ӳۡ극ΤҴһصտ⣬սűֹ˵ƹ񲻾ǰܵΤڱҪ˻ôȰҲ
Ժ
ʲôôĻ
ΤΣֹ˵Ӧţȥȥ
Ժֹ°ڶ¥һͷڣΤݣûü˵һӭԷƿڴĭӽһΤʲô˼ҵΪع鱨ôĵӣ
Ӳ˲Τƽԭ㶼֪ˡ
ô㻹׼һֱʲôʱ򣿡
ԺȻ֪ѡֺαشС֡ǣòףôҲǲǣ͵ʲôҲûǰల¡
Ժ߶ҵ磬ҵ⣬ȻԲѵ˵ǣ֪ѡعӣҲ֪һֱһ£ЩҶԣ¹ôҶ㡣ھȻƤ£ĸ¡Ҹ㣬룡
ԺǸˣȻΤͬǣԼԹˡʹ̣ҲԲֺԹΪǰᡣ
ںһ´ʣΤЦԹš֪಻֪йԿսԼΪԹ˶£ĴβǿҡǮɽأΪҵǸ潼˳̫ҵѣһܵۡԼú룬Щٸﰵʹ˶ٰӣ
ҪҶΤ׼ǲĴһߵˡ
Τؿ˵ǣ㽫Σ
վ㡣ԺսģȻȻ
Τ˫ۣ̾һԺ֣Ϊ翵ĵ壬ұҪ۶塢Ŀɳô
ΤԣһǮֵɶԺ˵̩ɽ
źĻŶԷǾΤףԼԺཻʮҪʹ˶ˡ
֮ΣյģԼĴ
Ժĳ֣Щıĳı̥в˵ͬԼ
̫ûȥԴУһڻ̿жꡭ˭Ҳܻòȡһϣֿѡ


274  2
ʮ֪֣ һ׾ѣʹΤڴ֮ǰ׼ȻԺȥľӰʱ Ȼⲻ顣
ң Ѿˣ ھͻرլ𣿡ֹһѵ
Τع ˰֡
ʱû飬û˼ȥǼһ޳ɡֻ֪´߻ϼһ
һĴһ䣬 ͲȥˣҲ˸šһظһˣ˵ʵڷæ鲻˳дλ岮
ֹǣ

Τһ߱˴ǣ һֱ䵽ƻ裬һ·ӽ С˽һĻƷһʵڰ᲻ǲ͵˱Է
٣ Ľסӿϲ ȹһ·Сſڡ
Τ̧ۣһǳϻȹŮߣǲɵ΢΢һĨЦ⣬ͷҲ֮ɢȥЩ
һ꣬ ׾Թ϶ δɵĻëѾͷһͤͤС˶
ΤڱԷʱʵûô࣬һȥ ܶȴȻıšЩмҵԷʱ仰źӣһʱͼϣǰΤ൱мģԼٳٲԸȢҲⷽأüͥΪԼǣ
Դӽ̰Ž˱ԷʹƽϵٷæҲÿһչȥ鲻һ˵ĺ֮ǰȥֹµˡ
ÿձɽĺɫŨ֮ʱ̱ŴǰһֻֻεĵƣĵȴԷ١
ԶԶլԺǰ´µĵƻΤ֪ȴԼ
ָоͺһ۵¾øٹ̣ҾȻѿ˻̸ڡ֦ҶïͬԼʱмһ˵ȴ֪ıһϰߣϰڹֵʱ뵽ѾͷϲʲôʲôϰںȾӦʱһ۴ɫֻǲԸѾͷ̫ϰ޹سʱżȻ˼룬־ʵõԼ
Τĸо᲻ܿصԼһԼƫԭĶ
ôˣΪɫôݺΪ˱衣
¡˲·ЩҹЩûϲġǿʼˣΤһĲˮȸɣΪԼٵһ
ΪȲ裬ĿͶڷϵһƷϺõ˿С֬ˮԼɫóԵĺġ
ֲǹαΪô࣬ɶǮ
ϾҪˣԹ˵ɱҪöࡣЩĺһҲŮϲãÿЩ۵ģʣµҾȴڱԷĿⷿɡΤ˵
ֻҪ͵ľõġһﶼûУֻҪҲġ
̷ԷθΤΪ֮һֱ͵ġܿصĸоֳˡ
Τǲ̶֪Լ⣬˵ףԼֻڹؼʱ̾ȶԷˮ̫С²ͨ鰮ʱ಻ǣЩŮ鳤޷׳ŵʲôӶһСڸ˼벻ʱʵ
⼸չΣοиΤ΢漴˻⡣
ͦõѽնĽһϰѧ٣ĽҿɺˣĸҳԣҴأ
Ժ˵ΤĴΪѰȴڣʮذŶԷԼŮһͬܽϰصԼۡ
ԺĶŮĽ£ͬãദʮֺġ
ԼСΪ̼֮ŮȻԺȴ⽫Ůһҹ㣬Сȴ簮Щ㻨ؽר˽̵ԼС̸ֹ˽Բʧ緶֪ĻΪļŮء
ἰĽΤɫһƬ̺˵˾䣺Ժһר㣬ͲҪȥԸˡ
ȥԲˣƽ¾ȥԸĽ
ɻ󣬵̲δʡ
Τ˼䣬һɫҪȥ
ôˣţҲȥˡɡһһҲô͵һңòã
Τ㶣̶ЦϾҪˣ֮ǴˣĻ㰮֣ʦŮվбһδŮҳ¾ӣñڴˣˣԺҪҪˣ
Ǳӣ׵ˡⱲֻԸߣŲˡִֵؼ֡
ѽΤʧЦһСѾͷıӣ˵⻰Ϊʱ磬֮֮ˣʱµôΪ׼ױء
˻һû뵽СѾͷȦˣ´΢΢⶯۽ǳǳ⡣
ķӦʵΤű֪Լľ仰˵ˣĺö˶˵ľҪأ
û֮ˡֻϲϱˡǰһãȻΤСѾͷ޵ίί̲޸ˣһֱɺá
Τɵסܸо̶Լ㺣ȴûϵԷֱ˵Լװ⣬һʱƿԡ
Ŀԣ֪˶ãΤһĳ̣㻹СЩ鰮ԲŻϲһ죬Ǹӣǻһ飬ͷϡǸˣҡ
ڵһɲǣΤļ⴦ĪʹһһۡҪôҪģҲԼصʧظС
̵øˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô˼;ܾأ
۾ǲƭ˵ģҲиİ

Τջ뿪Է˱լȥʱϵ۽δɣͬһ
˵ĶҲţĲ֪뵽ֻѡʱˣͷβΤͷһء
˭֪صլȻûͣ
ûͣȣֹ±ļǵسӭɫǴһ˿ţңˣٸͻȻһҲׯƹͻҲһǴˣ
ǡѩǡ͡Ƽǡ𣿡Τæʵ
ֹµͷı̼
ѩǡ롰ƼǡںҾӪƥĵ̣Τع˽鱨׵ľݵ㡣ܹ˳Ϊӵӳ֪ش뺪ԶĻǣ߼棬̿˵ǹû
Τ˻˼ڹٸôһЩǲ鵽ʲô¾ͲֹǴƹͼôˡԼܺúôӦʱûʲô¡
ǣֵµһµ͵أЩٸע⵽ӵģ
أΤһ⡭ѵ
뵽⣬ΤԸֹݽ£⼸ձһ˵ȾլﾲϢ
ЩҴȥԺ

һ棬Ժ󷽷˲һµȷԼйء
ΪҪô֪֪Ҫ·ϱƣôأΤʧŭɴ۾촽鶯ţʧ̬
ԺЦ˵κҶһֻ۱һֻۣκΣԹľٶҶ顣
úãǿ͸ˡԺԺû뵽һ˾ʳŲڤ粻顭
Ҳͼһ֮˽Ϊ֮ҹͬΪıذɡ
Τɫÿ£Ϊùٸҵ̣Ҿ޴ô
Ժ˳ǣǾͷԺ㵽ס


275  3
ӳ֪Ϊܸе̡˼뵡 û߼·ӷ飬ʱֲʸΪءûһ£ɫã ҲԽԽ Τ෬ȰҸҽʦ ʵֲ ͬԷһȥҽݡ
֮ǰλ淮βҽʦΤӳ˻ˣ ƽ˭иͷȵı㶼ȥ
һ׵磬ӳΣΤ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ӳŴͷ֪ǷΤĴ Էɫƺֱǰ԰˼֣·ĲҲоЩء
ҽʦô˵ΤȲǰʵ ĵ׵Ľ뵣еġ
ʹԼȷʵǴĿĽӽ֮ǸȡĺߣЩཻ֮꣬ơ޻̸
Τʣ ԼӳҲȫã ޸顣ڹ˽ϣԷʲô£ڹϡ
Ҫ֮ǰʱ ûôһֱţ ˭֪ԽԽˡӳ΢΢һЦȥɣ ޹ؽҪ
ҲǣǸ߹㼴ʹССҲ𡭡Τ˿ɲ֪ƺǹʲôϲµĺܲ
ӳЦЦδԡ
ͻظ֮ΤҽҽʦѯӳΣ֪ΪܸоԷʲô
ҽʦĻشͬղһޣȻʲȻҲֻա

̲⣬Ȼٸδʲô˿һںⳡռоصĵλȨǼǧ˿Ƶϵ˴̱˵Ĳټδ񣬹ٸѹֻýԱͷţڰºָӪҵ
֮ս˰ȻΪʵӳԽùۡƽ޹ʶජҵ۾⵽β档
еҩӳտĻС
ʵǸǷ纮Ͼ缲Ƿθ֢ڡ
е𡭡˼ãڴ˳Ĭ
ҽʦ̾Ϣ˸Σ˷Σ٣ಡ֮˼̫Ϳֲ࣬ܳá
ԭҩҽô
жʱ䡭㵫˵޷
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ˡģһϧԼ壬Ҳذ£˭Ҳ͸¶ӳ˵꣬е΢΢˲ָս
䲻Τ֪Ϊһ֪ЩƱػʹ˷ԼôԼⱲӺܿҲزˡ
ȻҽʦδɣὫǵκˡ

ֹӳ̾˿ĬĬҩսڡ
ץҩһֱСС鷳ԼôЩԹԽԽ֣üﰵҩʹӣǽҩԼѾҩ졣
һĪչ֮ʣΤڶѵ̲Ʒ
ˣαƷѡӳ˵ţССȥ衣
Τᳵ·ЬӣЦæýŲأ׵Уôӭң
ӳ̧̧Ƥ˵šӭȴѽԼƽＫõһײ˳
ΤıûаǰЩ̱֮¸֪ɺǾôȻţӳڴţ֪ԷҲǴѣ֮ǰĸĽٵȴЩ
ڲҩ㣬һƷһлҳյҲǢúܡ
̸䣬ӳ˼
԰׵ĴɫΤǵǣˣĻãʵڲУͻҽʦƣ
ɽȥ˿ҽʦ˵ôⲡôãҲֻγͼӰȿȿȡ
СʵڿȥŲǡ
СûأҺڽ̸ʲôʱֵ˵ˣӳü
Դһͣѵ룬СЩίǵͷԹԱ졣
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ӳδڣСͲһ㽫ʱ䷢ȫ˵˳
ֱ̫ΪʣɵҲعӣ֮ʧиôǵ𣡡Τԣʵŭ̡
ӳѽȣҲ֮ǰǸ׸ˣû뵽ЩԹ˾Ȼ۸ˡ
ӳ΢΢ݸ⣺ǴǰңֻҶôΪսԽԹп־ò֣ͼİˡɫǿиɣΨҲ
ӵǻȴʲΤ޺޵˼ӳٳδԼȥΪԷҩ
ںûоӪҩҽݣҩĽȴǼ¢ϣȡζҩСһ
ССˣɵôϲӣҩˣʩԮ֣ЩԹ˻ʹʲôУ
ӳ˶ֹ
ǲ̫ĽҩΤվûбķˡҩձãԼҲκˡ
ǣΤҩȥӦҩģ͵ӳ
Ȼ֪ǣ˽½ҩܳһݣȥԼһλӪҩĵķСȷӳʲô֢
ΤλС̫ҽԺְ˵ҽܻӭȴԸԭż޷޲ƽ֮Ȼ빬֮Τҩ⡣
СһҩɫˣŨü˸񣺡Ǽ˭ˣҩòҽʦ㿪İɣ
һѣôˣ
ѣǸԺ
Τؿôˣ㵹Ǹ׼
ѿˡùҩһΤһͣ۹֡ʵ⼸ζ̵ҵҩпƶ˷θؼпǷλһĶ֢֥롢Щǵ͵Ḻ́Ԫ֮ҩ˵Ѿ˥֮ס
СԹԵ˵Τȴһӭͷ£춼޷ַ·ʧȥԷǰ·ֻһһϣ˵ЩʲôȻֻ֪һ䡪ӳпˣ
ҽĸߣܷ񡭡ãΤǿع񣬿ɻδ㱻Էִ̧ϡ
סҽٸҲɣûǱ´үˡ
ȻΤȻֿеĿ⣬С̾Ϣһ˰ˣҩĻٸĸģûɫҿɳ˵ǰͷѵĲβãܻҲȫƾԼ컯ҽҲǾ


276  4
̲뵽ٴεȵǸʱ Ϣĳ
ΤȴʮƽȵߵǰָŽűһĹĵң һƽ˵Ѿ˽ճƷ׵ ǮҲһӦã һԳ˳ǡ
̴ؿ ԳٳδӦǡҪȥҰོ̤𣿿͹˷ֽʱˡ˵ţ Цü䣺ܺһ𣬲ʲôҶģ
뿪һ뿪Τ룬ּһ䣬ҹ·չ㣬 㲻̫ġ
ҪߣǲʲôСѾͷ𽥷ȦΤģ һӿȴվǿʻ˶
죬ҲӦö˵ĻǲǣΤֹ飬̸ƶԼóȻס
ǰֻǸ޿һƶϴĹŮ Էʳǵ 뾡취Ľ̵˷鼸ӶԻرкεºܣԼĶ˷Ƿ֮룿
ΤδشְֻοԵᰴ˰̵ļ
֪ˡɲԲҪߡСѾͷԴ˿ǻ Ͱ͵سΤӣ Сš
Τ̣ȴ޿κΣ ֻʲô˵Ѿ
䣬Ȼһ£ԭ䲻˽Ļ
ء̲ߡǴԣΨ뿪뿪ء
֮ΤüۣǷһ̾Ǻαء
ţ϶ϲ̲ҪֻҪ̼ߣһźˡ
Щֿ۵ĻΤֻͷɬְ̣ԼǸ쵰
ԼǷĶģԷһǰ޷ӦͳŵҲù˺
ȻעҪһģ̵һһվΪˡ
Τ֣ḧ˸СѾͷĺףСɵϡҽǸˮȵĵطְֽϰ֣һһ㳤ˡôɶ£ôܲϲ㣿᲻Ҫ㣿
಻˵ȥ
ˣԳԷθģԿƣıˡ
΢΢̧ͷ¶ɻ󣬸ȴǾϲ
ҲǲҪԼ
ǣΪһҪأ
ҸһӡΤ˵ţ˫ۣҾҪͷˣѱܻס㣿Ϊ֮ƣֻнͳǣܱݡ
һڵΤκګګ˾䣺ǣ㡭ô죿
һȫһȥĶΤЦЦزȥСѾͷɢķ˿Ҹ㹻ĽмˣǴС͸ߣҲڣҲܰչ˺á
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̾ǿҡҡͷҪҲŲҪ͵̲Ҫһֱ
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㻹СֵáΤĻԼ塢֮ˣĲֵñԴ
ѾӣѧԴǻ
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ôһ㺡һǻߥȥ˵޷˵Ļȥǲ˼֮¡ף
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ġûбİ취𣿡Ƶʵ
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ΤۺᣬüĬԣֻĬĬӵǰС˶
֪ҪǸۣԶصö࡭ԼѾͷĿǷһˡ

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ȻӳҲδϸ룬ϾһߣżϻҲġ
ɽ׺ҲһȺ̰֮ͽȻΪƣǮƾˡ
ֻǸǮܴˣҲҹ߶ŹӡΤ³һƣҪȫҲԹӪе̡
ӳᡪվд£ȷЩɽֻΪٲƣ᲻ָʹרźģ
Ӫ֪֮֮٣ҲⳡЩڹ͢ãΪ˴ѹֶָ伫
ϼҴҵںľӰΤΪμΪı˫ľ֣ش֮ҵΤߵ˼Ҳ֡
֪Τף̾Ϣﻹ˼ЩԺཻ꣬һӶǻ׼ķ˿ϣ᧿Σңʵ޲ˡ
ӳҲԣһɽܵǱضȫ׼óȻʵ֮٣οԹеľعսϣʹٸҲδܵõǵӡ
ĴӦͽǵҪҲǲʵġ
˼ˣӳĿⲻͶǰһеΤ˵ô࣬ʵˣԲԣ
Τδϣǣֻйܾˮ𡣡
ңӳָָԼıǼ⣬ĵ˼ֺ档
ӳļΤƺУֻҪ飬ûа첻ɵģҲδʲôˡ
ϣԼһʲôãܲҪԼȥæ˰ɡ
и֮룬ӽһˡΤ˵
˭
𡣡


277  5
ӳմӦΤ ǳھеϾԺΤĺѣ˲ûʲô֮Ը ҪԭΤپʱʩԮ֡
ӳԸǷ̫࣬ Τ֮ѻҪ׽֣ Էѵ ôΪðһҲδɡ
ΤװɼҶӳһͬɽָļص㡪һɽɽ¡
ΤȲ һɽд̽Ժһҵľλá
֮һне쳣˳˫һֽǮһֽʱѽɽ˵ܻɱ
˿ͷĿʶԼȦףΪʱ ʱнѪעΡΡָǰüΤ㡭㡭
һδ Τִӻͳһذ׶׼ؿںݺһ̣ɽͷĿѪУϢ
ڷİ£ӳеĽ˳ȳ Ȼҵǣ ԺѾ˫˫ڷ˿֮ܵ¡
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ӳĿתؿΤʵԼС㣬 ֪ʱˣȴԲɵø̾һ䡰滨꣬ ֮˸ӡ
ֱһŻȻعʶԼʲžȻֱһңԲλ࣬ͨ졣
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㸸Ƕͬ㡣ǼһѣΪĺѣչ˺㡭ĽΤԵ˳˳ǵļӽ󣬾͸ɡ
ؿΤʲֹԼС㣬ӳеһ
ԣôϣԷҲܹԼļͷ޹˼ɵطޡ
ú£ҲԱ㡢չ㣬Ϊ

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սĽɽȳΤ㽫ڳһլǲרϤճʳӣ˴μٰ졣
ڽ¾ɵĳ裬Ķ̺ӣʹ¡ʱڣŲҲ䡣¯Ƕ㣬۶ʧȻ
߽ңһԵΤһкŲˮһȱæŴȤң˵˵Լ˻ʲô񣬲֪ĻΪǿɹŮɴƸء
⣬ȷдġǿ±˵˼޴룬ӳͣŮӼǺ㲽ʻ֮䣬ȻһеĴ¡ԼС;ⶣ죬һôˣôҲǸܲܿ׵㣿
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˵ţһ󡰶Ŀ죬һֻкˮ
Ʈɼ䣬ŮȻң˿˿Ƶ硭
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ӳֱֱۣһ꣬Ʈ˼Żعʵ
СŮĽӡյɹȣӦлȴ˫ʤʧشڹӣıм֮顣ŮϣȲ°ףӳ񣬲ʤߡ
ĽСˣ֮͡յüС㾪һ裬ʵҡӳæһ̴δʾĺ쳱źʲôСԼ׼̴ľУԱԺС㼰ǣЦɡ
Ľ˫ֽӹľУһֻһ֧ﴩҩĲҡ
Ѫ񣿣Τۼ⣬һ۱㿴֧ҡͬѰ
ΪδعӣӳϵȻŮӵοǳŮõĶֵ֧ǵĲҡôĲԶ
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ĽУһ˫ˮ΢ϸޣСŮ֮

˵ǹ񣬵Ҳֻļ˶ټҳ㷹
ΤӳͻظʱȻƻͨŮһϮɼſǰĬĬ֧µĲҡ
ǻδʱϲҲǼ俴Լϵӡְ֧ҡ͸㣬ȻǶ㶯ġΤڣһҵľס
ΣҲϲŮηһߣûаϲɫ
Τüͷɫһ£վţ˺ܾãͷŴȥһ΢ŵ̾ϢҶԲס㣬̡
ǸʹҹΤƣ˵ʵ顣
ʲôʹ˺ԺҪΪУʹĵͶ·һ㾡ټ֮ɱȫݡ
ֻҪ뻤һˣʲô
ûΪԼǰ̣˱ӿϯһСƬ
ӳɽԭеıŪ֧飬ñΣķľѩϼ˪֮·Σأһӳһ徣ζһǻѪȫ
ΤµĴ˭Լԣⲿκѹ׳־δ꣬ŻѪƴȫȴעһĻᶼûС
ӹӹµµһӣ뺬޶գ
ӳþͺˣһ뻹һϣ
ǣΤȻȻӴϡ
ֻҪԸֻҪӳֿ̣ɽ⡣
ĽΪԼеĵλֻҪԼκҪԷ㣻סʹԼ̼伫վһṲֿ̊ࡣ
ֽ֮Τƿ֮УͨɽץԺȫңӳǰȥӪȣԭԼСʱѱ͵̣Ľͬĸĸһɽ˲ɱǻɽ౻Τֽ֮
ֻۡ޷죬ǴķҲδܲߡ
ﱸƻǶʱҹҹ޲Ǵ¡ʳÿһ춼ýܹģƾԼĽǶȥϢּµķʽҳͷͷԼ޳ܡ

ĬȻǰԼ˿ӣֽԼޱԨˣþδһԣֻǽԼϵĺɻȡ£ŻΤġ
ΤϸѡΪϵġ
˵ǺǴˣӴ˿λȸÿˡ
˵Ҽˣ㹻ΪԾüױ
ΣҲý黳΢΢ȥаˣ̶˶ҰѻӣΣ֮䡭ƽˡ
ĳƽˣ
⼸ദĵεΣγɵϰߣĵס޷˵СܣС¹ײļ¶Щһʴ
ǵɹݵ-ֵµĹʱֹһ˵ʲôԸΨĲܸʲôԶΨ鲻ɶ
ʱС޷⣬һѵӦΪ㾡һУ
ڶˣԭһȶĶ飬עʧȥԽԽֱ࣬Լñˡ


278  6
¾ԼСĴ֮ٺܿ촫 ʱãִ˼ɻϢ
һعӣһּ̼Ů ׮ԭŲԵĻȴ˵˾̫дɫʶһʱΪһѻ̸
˽ڳ޶˵ԵɲŮò ݵҲ鰮ǰòôҪˡΪٳ׮Եýˣ Τѵ׬˼ֱ
ǰ ЩյĿУǡơĴʡ
ѱƺ ֮ŮӹϣΪѰϼѵһ¡룬ҲԼ𡰺ˡ֡
˼ˣΤԳЦЦǲ˽֪࣬ǺԼѵԪף ֪˫մѪȡ
ٹգ̾Ҫޣ Τ±عףΪ׼˷ļױ
ӳĸļ͡˲λȴｾ棬δǸģ ĵĲֹ̼޹ȥ֮ίȴ Ψڲյн̤һӶ֮֡
ҽ͵컻գΤΪֹľΪ˴޹̣ һе ԼһֻһεȻĶȥġȥģһܣ ȴֻзǡٲ
ΨһֵҵǣԼСС˶ĽС룬޼
ֱڣΤԲ̻յ龰޷ӦʱǺ뷨ֻǵСѾͷ۾ᣬӳǹ⣬β죬ȴ룬Ǻ޼Լɡ
Ļ汻̵ĽŲϣֹװʯǣʱŮһϮ˪¿룬ٻӰ°У΢΢һɵ뵽˳ɽ˳Ⱦǹ¾ԼӣҲˡ
ΤؼʹȴɵƸˣعǱҲƷЩƷ˿Ѿպˡ˵ѡ˼Σ㡭ǷҪȿһ
ֻĮҡҡͷҶЩȤ
һʱ䣬ԡ
˺һΤһԼȣЩ˸㣬һϼ˴еġᡯҹֻǸ͸ںڰзĹǱɫģʱĳĸ߼ۡû뾺ģΪҾǶÿÿϡҲֻǸӣҹ⻪財еˣǿšᡯǶϲϣǼġ
̣ȥ취Ѱòãδйŵ̬СֺֻôܵһԼĵǸĥ
ʲôԼǷԷĶʮܳˣ
ӦģԵľܾ
ΤĬĬͷõԭ£ҲδܹصֻϣгһԼ֮ˣúõعȥ
ΪԷԼ֮ʱ̺Ȼȥ𣿺ôһûúù
ΤȻ֮ǽסһᡣ
ΪʡȥҪ鷳̲˱ԷΪӵ˽ʳԼʱʱ㹻ȴδԷ侹δԷһ
š壬ûµ˿ȸһȦǲ̵ؽֻγԶ޷ɳ
ɼʹˣʱȻڼΪȸĶˣһȾˣܹԼ׼ůﲻԺȲϺ
̣ǸŴιҵѾͷȻԼһ

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Τ˳ȥסҵһƫԷλļôѱֻ֪˴ãԸʹ˻ΪΡ
һ·ͣͣͽ˴ǣ˽ϸֵСԡ
̻ΧǰûĽͷˣϲʱǵƺȲΤӽ֣תͷ
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ΤЦЦСѾͷѵһأȥɡͳǮÿ۽һݴ˻ȥ

պ飬ӭȢ̼֮Ůϣʮױǣ䶯
ΤΪԼŹ·ޣһʱ䴫Ϊ̸
ԷľڣױǰѾϲ
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һͷڷüΤ£ľһ϶˳·ϸͬ߹ľ£Ŀһֱζµ˿ϣ᲻ƿߡ
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ѾͷҪˣӽ󣬱㲻ˡ
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Ц˵
֮ᷢ˲ˣôͷϡЩԸԼ˵ûκ塣
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ϴҲʹͬĻұһȷĴ𰸡ĵǰ֮˵˫ۣؿڵΪֹһУҴδڹ޺ޣȴԹ
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Ժǽϡ복޵ԼǻȸԾ
УΤ˶񣬻֣߰ɡ
ԧ콻˵ַŽƣ˫˫Яһȥһ統꣬Ǹ䵭ưǣС֣߷ֲֺ߽主ûʵլԺ
ʱĻϣʱױȴҡ
ǣʱޱ顢ֹˮʱζӳ£顣
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ССһһһ˱һֻų߸Ĵ㡣
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ͼޣ̵ֽֽ͵ӳģһ̣ƺԼǻʲôˡ
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279  7
ϲӳԼ︮ ʦǺľ¥¥Ĵɽ亣ζƼԲ٣ıͶǺǸײ
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Щ˶Τųģ֪ΤΪԼ˼а˼ʵ⣬ ܳһʱһģһپһ
Τּң С븸ϴɫɫ˴򽻵ԲᣬϵĽࡣ
ӳС ֲܳ谮 յǾͨҲǳֹӦЩǼ漰ʱƭ˺ü ·ĲӶЩƮ
ۿȥֻ³ŲϲҪ ΤͦΪ䵲ƣȻ·ıҲʡ͵ĵƣ ˡ
ΤһʱѲڣֻģǸĳ̾硣˼Сڵ»֮ҹΪҲҪôҲӦɹٿһ£ǵð˹ʡ²Űݣ
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һڣ˲ɵЦ׷֮ͣӳϽطĪҪõȡл˵Ļ绰
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ΨһĶӣǸǹТ˳۵ĺҲزˣ
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Ǽ˽飬һѪѸģҺޣȻìͷ׼ӳعӣΨһعˡ
һŻǣһȼԭ֮ѸӿԭһӷذǷ׷ǰҪɱӳѪ𣬳˲ʧأ

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280  8
֮սعʼ Թϵٵعʤʱࡣ
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ƽ֮ս꣬ ؾʤ׷·䰲ȡƤΡռ̫ԭ ͼһ̺᧿Σ

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ٸļ٣ȻһֻཱུСֳ˳䣬һͷ ʱһ Ͻ§ܵȥˣ֪֪ײ㼱ˣ
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ٸһʣ޼Ǯ 뻹̾˿˸ӵķûдǮ ´򣬺òã
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ӳΤ˼ؾռȻ˳ٹؾˣеļƻˣԼԹľֻӼѡ
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ĬĬæµĲӰӳֻñǻɬͣԽζ

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ǴƵóɣ㼴̽˺СӽӻعʱٺúòǱǡЩΤҲ֪οοԷʵʱԼֺγ絶
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