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һ仰ࣺһСĳΪǴеϱ

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 1 

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 2 


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 3 

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аͷ𣿡˵
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ӻʿڴͳһСֽСѧһ꼶ѧϰܺãʶǰģؿֽϵ֣˵һһʮ̣һһʮӡ
ȥʮ̫̫ͻȻЩ䣬˵ȥһˣüûȥϹʮ֪̾ͳȥϹʮźԣԳԺܶ졣
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СĹˡ
лҪ˵㡣
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 4 


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Щ˺Ͳһġ
Ŀ⽫Ҫջʱһ˧磬һŵȷ֪࣬䣬θߴʳڣͷʰǮӴȻ˧硣
أ
ĴС̫֪Ϊ˻سǣӵ飬캺ƽôУڶ֪ûһøˣúÿҲûʲôãջĿ⡣
ģôسˣ캺ƽʡ
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Ⱥ֪ѯԼ˭ո䣬̤˻ɽӵĴ·
г졣
ͷҲǰߣ֪๲һгѸٵسԼ
ʱһгȻͣǰ


 5 


£޶׼ë
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캺ƽ״¶˲á
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ٸͳԵĻͺú˵˵һš
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ȥģ˵ллһֱûҵᡣ
֪֪Ҫ㶫͸ŹûгԵĵˣ֪ȥ¹ӡ
û뵽һͿġ
Ȼ뵽޵ӣƲס˵
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лҪ˵ϤĴۣܿġ
۾ͷ

 6 


£
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ˡ
ҵСкҴҵس˺УһЩ˿ӣװ⡢ͷʲôģвɵþð⡢ͷȵʳ
ԴʱմԭĵĹ⣬ٲĺ⣬һĻȶûմ
ٶٶǺ
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ˮ٣ȵͣƫɣճУһˣֺӲҧƤһ
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лҪ˵ģЦҡ
ѣЦʲô
ģЦҳһ۾Ϳġ
ѣ


 7 


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 8 

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 11 

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ģĻʺϵãмؿһۡ
ŴӳʮþȵģǴ˿̿ӳô֣أͻȻЩţŵš
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ӳһźֽǵĶ෽˺ѡɽӵ»ƣǡ
лҪ˵ˣµҲo(st)o
ҽԺ㴲úһ۴٣ȡ

 12 


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 13 


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лҪ˵л094ףôôգ


 14 

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ϹյǷԱǱǩͿԱһ۷޻¶һ϶ŷյϲãƻŰ޻һӡŮԼްһЩ޻ù
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һ˵Ŀⶼתġ
лҪ˵лл091ףôôա
˼е¶ˡ


 15 

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ӳǷԱ˲¶ı顣
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ķζҪըˣԴһȺ֪˵еı˻۸֪ࡣ
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ʼɻһֱѧϰӻǸ˰˹֣͡
ˣҲΪԼ϶ð˹֣û뵽õ֣˵ҸտʼɻǶҰ˷ֵģôֻ֣
֪ࡣӳȰ˵֪඼ǳĺӣʲôᣬӶµֹǣԺҪǻ֣Ͱʵʹˡ
ҽˣҸɻû٣
ˣҲٹ֡
Ϊʲôôࣿ
ǹ涨ÿ˶÷ӣһӣӳҲپȥһڳӳӣ˵˭֣ܺɻ
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վԭصԱǼˣһ˵ڵĲãһ佱ġ
ģĶԡ
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һģһģллšһһӦϴǳǳ΢Ц
תͷ̫̫̫̫ոĶᵽɤˣˣΨһĶˣСûԱ֪۸¶Сġ
ղԱǹˣܺ۸ģ˺Ǵ󳳴ֵ׼û뵽Ĵͷβһݻû˵ɵó֤ݣͰˡ
ĳɳˡ
̫̫οģȵطŮ֪ʲôʱʼһͤͤĴˡ
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ʱתͷ캺ƽŵĸϽͷᾰ΢ЦؿģһܵӣһĨɫȴĶ⡣
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лҪ˵
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һ٣ҾͻԼдĲo(st)o

 16 

ʮ:ץס
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Աһ߳һ죬ĵȻġ
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Ϊɶ̫̫ʡ
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Ž˳뿪ļںӷˮ˿ɫİӡˮڳԳ˵࣬˿һ۾ʹһγһζˣؿ佱
ûһΧһЩˣذˮӺͷ⣬ʱ򣬲֪˭һ䡰ˡ
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 17 


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ĺܰȫС˵Űɵس
ܰȫᾰͷ
ĽŲԽԽԶƺȥ׷ˣȫᳯתߵᾰϵ˵֪࣬ǳл㡣

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΢촵ʱᵽᾰϵζ̲סתͷᾰ
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СرܿȺתԶУᾰһдǰԼг˵ɣȥ
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ˡ
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 18 


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ԼǷԱ˵СûīˮԲ𣿡
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 19 


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̧߽Ҩһ۰ۣغͳţߦ߱ժһѶǣжΣˮ̳
֮ǰ⡢ˮռһͣʱСҨһСͣлĲˣδнȥըлζ̺ˮĶǣ飬򵥵ؼ뽴͡Ρ
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̫̫ȽϲõĶǣڶˮûǡ
ոߦõĺڶԱߣ֭ͺͶǵζźı߽ǡ
ĽǸϣ΢ڹһѲ
תȥ̫̫𴲣ٰѶǡʢʱ򣬶㣬˴֭һһմŶǵ֭ġ
һ۾̲ס̿ˮ
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Ȼ˳ǳģүһʱˣΪͥԭ޷һЩƷǾע⵽ģʳرóԣ϶ĺһ׬Ǯ
ġ
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ĵʳôսУƿ޲ŵζ˶Χ˹
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˵ǽһ鲢ï
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˳һָС˵ʮ˿Ǯ
ʮˣľȵʡ
ֹƱƱƱһ飬ƱһܣһʳƷȯ˳еʱģһЩŵʲôƱƱģֻҪǮƱҪǵүԵ
ôôࣿʣѶ˳ʱ򣬴Źһ£ʮǮټһЩƱƱԴ˿Ǯ˳һǮڼҲ׬ĽǮ벻˳ʮ˿ǮֱӰߵʮǮ
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ˡ˳˵
ۣ
ԣִֺóԣһǮȫû⣬Щһ¹ʶʮǮԵġ˳˵ͷͷǵҶģ
Щû˵ʲô
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ϴȥɡ˵
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ĺóԵĲˡ
ѸٵسһӣֳһоԼͣԭĲӺóԣͨķ˻ôóԡ
ٳԡ
ǿѾûкˣδغϡ˵ģ̫ˣҼϴëͷһҪϴ󡣡
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Ҽϴ󡣡˳һ٣˵Ҽϴ˵㻹ʶء
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ˣٳԾͰǵĿԹˡ˳վ̫̫˵л
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̫̫ӹˣ侭ƤǶӣܵ᲻ó᲻ô̲סֹĵġ˷ѡ
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ϾǮˡ
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˺ɰʰ֮꣬ǰԼ̫̫һǮ̫̫ţʣµǮغˣǰȥϹˡ
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Ѿĸһ飬ֿɽӵһЩϣ˽⵽ɽһļʲô
ֳĶ޻޻ѾԱ֪Ƿ׷׿ͷأϷ࣬ʵء
ȵ¸Ժ󣬺׵һֽӣЩ鿴ƺûйϵ
ʵÿһϸڶ
ҪͳԱ֪ǵĹ֣ҪҪȵȡ
ʱҪȥɹ
ΪܹõĶ񣬶Խĸ˸Ԥ㡣
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¹𣿡ʡ
ˣũ߶ˡ
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Ҳıˡ
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СĲһСˣ֪ʱǰߣһгȸ󸻣ʱҲ͵͵ģֻǹڣȻˣھʹûʱҲΪ߳һ˵ھ͸Ǯ
á˳Ҳûп
ĸ˽˳ſëǮ
˽˳֮ľͿʼϴˮʮˮϴɾʮҲ㹻׬ǮԷʱı̫̫˿ΣĴУһݱΣʣµļơ
һ̫̫˵ļҪʡ֮󣬹Ȼ˵һ䡰´βҪˡ
ЦӦһӾ͸̫̫Σĳշǳãγ۶֭ŨŨ㣬̫̫Եͺġ
ĿҲ㣬ˮӣƽʱһ벻˳Ҳˡ
һ¾׬˶ʮſǮ
ȥɱ˳ĿǮ׬ʮǮ⻹ƱƱҵƱȵɣ˵һ׬˲ٹһµĹʣ׬Ҳɵģò˵˳Ǻʵġ
˳߬ĿǮһЩƱƱʲôģļˣþû׬ǮˣԺľȶˣܰǷϴĻϣϴȥӪһ١
ԡ
ҪϴһȥӪһ٣ľˣ
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ÿ춼ĿĵòˣʱʱʹߴĶʲôġ
Ҳȷʵ˲١
ҲºеĹ˳巢⡢ӺˮҪһЩƷ
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ںǱһֱľ˼ϡ
գˡ
ûзԱ֮ǰҪϽٷ֮ʮĹȻӳΪԱ֪Ƕܹްռ׵޻
ճɻģҪĹҲ١
ԱԸţȥسվվԻصİͷһԣȥվǰصĺ
˭ûк
ԱǶԸȥ֪ʱҪţԲݺķǾ͸Ըˣ´ӳŵ֣ҲҪ
ӳֻȥ֪ǡ
֪һ˵Ҫȥسǣӵţţ
һĵĲˣ׷ױ
ӳѡ˰˸֪࣬һȥسվĴŸ߳ίԱᡣ
ȿţţǰͷţͷţԱˣΪ׵Ǵӳ
ģӳһ
Сܵӳǰӳļ׼ˡ
ãǽҪĹûȥ࣬ûװͺ֪һţȥɣһվʱ򣬻ȥǱߵĻƺ˶ļء
ãҾȥ
Сŵһţǰţϵ״ĸˡ
һ캺ƽ
һڣ
һᾰ
һֵ֪ࡣ
⡭ԩ·խ
һ֣캺ƽᾰͬʱ캺ƽֱӿ˵ģˡ
һ
캺ƽ̳ԱŲŲóһλãĿҲû캺ƽᾰҲóλõʱһ״ϡ
캺ƽ
ᾰ
ЦźĴк˵ŻƣҲȥվ
ĵͷ˵ţҵø˺˶Ŀ
С΢ɼطôһ
ĵû˵껰֮󣬿һ޼ʵĲ̵ĺҶӡ
ұһ١
ǣȴԸⲻ˰ĻᣬСؿ˵ƽ߷羰á
š캺ƽӦһ
ǰ׶ټϣҰ
ܹġ
ǶǳĶܹءڽ˵ǰַ羰Ҫ質һصģˣҴ׶˿٣ҪҪһ£
Ҳ
ġڻһ
ĵû
ġֻ
Ƶתͷ
ȥ׶𣿡ʡ
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ǿϧˣ׶ġ
Ŷ
ҲһҲûмˣڴӿڴͳһ٣˵ģܹҼкܶԴöӣᴵ𣿡
ûлش
ɯһֱ£϶ûҴǰѧУӿǵõʦͬѧǡ
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ڲʣ᣿
캺ƽᾰҲ¶ȡ
תǰţǰУǰһƬһ΢΢֣ժȡһƬҶŵߣ¸оۡ
Ц⣬⻹лᴵ
ᾰ캺ƽ濴ġ
Եü򵥵ͻȻı촽Ҷ䴫ᾰ캺ƽͬʱסġ
ɫƽһŮһ㣬ʫ顢Ϻʹ涼һ֮Уš
ܶΪֶ֮Уһ״̧꣬ڡ
еĿһµˣʱţһ£һʱţ϶һµˡ
ڴһҵĿ٣ҵĿٵȥˣƽҵĿٵˣ
캺ƽŴѹڡ
캺ƽĸ첲˵ҵĿٵˣֻһ٣ùģ
캺ƽһûעţȥ
ڸϽָϽȥץ캺ƽ
һţ
ȻûֱˤڵϣҲǷǳǱ
ЦתͷһᾰҲЦ㿴ҿ㣬ȻЦ˳ᾰ˵㴵ĺܺ
ллЦݣòӦһ
Žתһԣͷ羰
Ҳ羰
ᾰֱֱעģش˳ͷƷ˿طϸգܵĽëżһëһ޵š
ġ
鲻Խغһġ
תͷᾰ֪࣬㺰ң
лҪ˵һ

һ£漴
쿪ʼ˫ɡ

 20 


ڶʮ£Է
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ʲô¶ʡ
·ϵ, زȫԳһ
ллģһעġ
ڳأ˫ץס, ̧ǰ羰
ᾰһӻ, , Ҳû⣬һǰ, żƳһ, ûһ캺ƽڶ׷ţȺԭλ˶ġ
ţһƬ
ܿصسǡ
ӳнٶ, ĸǣţ֪ץţ, Ҫţ·, ţϵҲע, ţƵسվнš
ûȥվ, Ҳ֪վǶװʳţһ, ֪վλá
̧ͷȥ, ĿԽѹѹȺϹһװֵ
д֡칫վ
վˡ
Ϊͦ, վſѾų˳һȻûⷽľ, ֮ǰѾоѯʹ̡
Ѹţ׷ǰĴӳЭӳͷţ˨, һͷţǰһˮŰţƵУʼŶӡ
Ҫŵʲôʱ򣿡캺ƽȺʡ
ҪԺˡӳ˵
ҪԺ󣿡һĲ⣬ʣΪʲôҪôã
鳤û취ӳ˵
ڵ绹кóһʱءڿɫʣǲȰɡ
ҲءӳǸԸܺõģЦ˵ϲȥسǹһ䣬ʱٻҲ١
ð̴Ӧתͷ캺ƽˡ
캺ƽ˶ûзӦ
ӳ˵ȥɣ
ں캺ƽˡ
캺ƽġ
վڴӳǰ
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УŰɡӳ˵ȥȥɣǰˣҺžͿˡ
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ᾰ˵Ҳûʲôùġ
Ҳǣһͬ־䡣
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Űĵġ
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ҲҶʱˡ
ᾰЦЦ
Ҿã
Ҳᾰ˵
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Ҳ֪
ӳЦ˵óҪòòҪĻĻҪģóóģ϶ҵϲĶġ
ӳԡᾰЦ˵
ӳֺǺǵؽܣžͿʼ˵ɽӵİ£˵鲢ïġ
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ż졣
ӽʱ캺ƽڵ˻ˣﶼһЩ
ࡣ
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ھԼˣʱ֪۹ƶ׶෱ࡣ
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캺ƽҲӹһƷһѴǣֽţĵصݸġ
Сʣʲô
캺ƽش𣺡ġ
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ʲôҶҪ
캺ƽɫʱÿϴκ¼֮һֱΪǸʱľͻǰԶܵ꺮ůġ
Ҫúöˡ
ȴһֱոڹ磬ֶ֪˴ǸģһǳģҺعںáû뵽Ļġ
ǹ֣
һˣ
ĲһãǴ׶֪ʶ꣬´ˣȻ飬Ǿˣ캺ƽջֽԶġ
һԵڰһĻﲻⷺˮһȺ˶ڳҲ˵ʲôͳķۣĿûпڣ캺ƽ
캺ƽǲë
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Ķôεʾá
ë
Ƿˣ
İ캺ƽԺߣתͷվڲʱƳᾰĿ⣬ᾰᾰĿһ˲ķſգżеϣ֪ᾰʲôòЦЦעƵվˡ
ʱѾˡ
ɽ鹫һʱ䣬ĵĹվɳ˼ԱÿţͷУһһͷԱ˵ġаôء
֪Ǻܿġ
ӳĵģΪǴӳİͷģĵһС飬̵ؽţ˿ˮ׼ؼҺ͵ϱһԡ
ǼҾԽȴûиʲôģ֪ൽԱ߹Ӫ꣬ϽʣǮƱ˼档
ܴܶ࣬˼Ҳǻʵģ֪ͨͥ˵ЩˣֻںԸԡ
˵վͬԱ֪һ棬Ψĸ©ˣּ״ġ
ҡͷԡ
Сֹһ䡰ⱲҲûԹĺöһת캺ƽһ뼦棬캺ƽġ
ôģҲû˵ʲôڵ棬뵽ĵ̬ȣͺһǹǰ԰һ
ɲ԰ڣ
ľǸûĴãȻڵ˻ƣ֣ǻϲ̨Ĵã˵ѶûУոЩ֪඼죬ûһԸĳԵģġ

ôţ캺ƽﶼԽУԽǰȣǼԽš
ĿûôᾰУᾰ̧߽˹Ӫꡣ
ûһӪ̬Ȳ̫õķԱ԰ӵ£ֶһһĺţ棬ܹ룬һӣһݺ⣬һ캺ƽڵע⡣
ڲʣᾰǸʲô
ᾰش𣺡ĳԷ
롢롢ĳԷ
һ
캺ƽͬʱסһʣΪʲôĳԷ
лҪ˵ллСPĵס
۶࣬ҵĸ¾Ͷ࣡
˫
ǡ

 21 


ڶʮһ£ϴ
ΪѺ, ŽһΪ룬һֱΪԱ֪Ǹѵõĺͬ־, ĴӳһԶٷᾰǻ, Ը캺ƽ˵һ, Ϊһ˳£ô˵
һ, ֪ƵƵͷ
캺ƽɫÿ, ̫֪ᾰȨжˣΪᾰãΪᾰѧʶȺ
ϿģʹҲϿġ
ǲ캺ƽ˼
ǶԳ׶֪ʶ, ĵûмʶ, ˿ᾰȴ˵ô, ǵԽлôά֣
ڸ˵ҲѺ, Ž, Ҳһ밡
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ЩεʣΪʲô
ûѺãŽᾰ˵ֱӡ
ɫһ
캺ƽ˵
ᾰתĴӳ˵Ż, ӳ, ӿʼɽӸĪչ, һֱлǶûлᣬʱ, ɽˮʵݣһ棬ǲҪ, ɽԱպ󶼻롣
һ㶡
ӳһţ档
ǰ׻İ
ȻǴӳõĹָߣκμкӣӹĽͰ͡
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ԣǸֱˣ̰ͼСˣҲᶨزȺһһߣᾰ˵ˮʵ˳档
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ԱǶЦ
ᾰȴˣѾ˲ԱԷֵˣ֪Ѿǰˣֿġ
Ķûж
ᾰġ
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캺ƽȻܾ
ᾰ˵֣һԡ
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˸Χϵţ桢ӡ⡢ǣ˵Цһϲĵӣ׷׺˵
ԶƵϳ˼캺ƽϻġ
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캺ƽڵͷһԼǰ˼棬ոջζ˿̾һݺݵشǵϣܼˡ
ô죿
ܲܰ˼ˣ
ӲͷƤ³ԡ
ԵθܣŵǱƮţ⡢ͺŨŨ㣬ԣ뻨ǮӪ꣬ѹӪõĲ˶ᾰǰԡ
ᾰġ
ûǮûƱˣµĶˣֻܱſˮ˼ģҲᾰˣ͵͵ᾰһۡ
ᾰȴٿ캺ƽڣسźţ棬ʱʹӳ˵˵
ӳǿĵòˣŴţ̻ʣһתͷᾰԷģʮֵ˹ģǶһ
ᾰ˹⣬벻ĳԷʱҲôţԽԽÿһξóԷҲôÿƷų󣬸ԸĽˡ
һ緹Եֿġ
һվԱվڴſںɽӣɽӣϾֵˣƹҶһ֣
ˣӦһʹӳ˵ӳȽվˣǡ
ȥȥ
š
СŽվûкվԱԽӹ֪ʲôΪܹӵĲصĲϹ¶ˣԱҪʲôʲô
ļǡذ¸Ǻˡ
Աѯʳ̣վſڵŴӳǰĳ״һһӵڵسϡ
ڲصͬʱԱһй۵״һͱһ۵ףǼɸѡĸɾɾһƷƣǲɹˡ
һϸҪ˻ӣϴɹ
ÿÿʱӶϢӣΨԼӵĹأҪĺʹӳ˽żԱ䶯촽
ԱƷһ˵ƣ
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ɽӹˣԱ˵
ĸϽԱǺµĹŴӳţӺųһȦǰȥӭͷţ
ڿţָϽӭʣ𣿡
ˣӳĵ˵
ô˳
ҪŻ׼ĳ֡
ǲǡ˵Ա֪׼ĺãҾȣǩļʲôġ
ǲǡӳ˵Щļʲôģ궼е仯֮ǰǽ˺ܶιûһô˳ġ
ӳ˵ѾܺˣһλƣʹԵص¶һ꽻ιʮ죬ԴһΣǿ˲٣ʷһΡ
ӳǶĺ⡣
Ļǲ̰Ц˵ҪǴұȽŽᡣ
Ҹϲˡ
ᾰĵĿⲻɵþˡ
캺ƽв̶ͬȵܡ
ˣˣǵͷ¾ˣߣȥ࣬ȥ׳׳ӳţͷţţϣźǣţǣţţţϣȥࡣ
캺ƽ˵һţϣôӳţ֪һ׷Զ룬ڵϣĻǺʱһһϣ£ᾰԱߡ
ؿᾰ
ᾰЦЦ
׻ᾰ˵ллţ档
ᾰ˵ͺ⡣
ͺ⡣
ᾰЦ˵ûĺóԡ
ĵ˵лл佱
ǿ佱˵ʵᾰ˵
ĵͷ
ᾰͷʣ
תͷᾰ
ᾰϽ˵ұ֤Ҵûкκ¶ֻ֪֪
ҲûãҲϡ
ԵƤֶһݿɰᾰģһûסЦЦʮֺ˵Ҳ˵ġ
Ǿͺá
ô
ͦõġ
ҪҰæ𣿡
Ҫ
һͦ۵ġ
áĲκͽ˳Ľףתͷ𴦣ȻһϤӰϸ˳гʻ
Ưͬ־˳
ǽ˳
˳гĺܿ죬ܿ׷ţʱţҲͣ˳Ŵгĵʵģôسˣ
Ц˵
𣿡˳ʡ
ˣڸʲô
¶˳гЦ˵ţĿתߵᾰϣ۾ϲغϴ󣡡
ϴ
Ŀᾰֿ˳ʣϴ󣿡
лҪ˵
ллСPĵ׺տ2ףôôգ
һ㻹еڶ

 22 


ڶʮ£
ԣ˳͵ͷ, ʮֹٵӡ
ĺͽ˳Ѿһʱˣﵽ˫ӮͬʱҲرΪϵѣż˶ϲ˳˳ϴ, ҲĽܹϴʶ
˵سڽ֮ǰʮֻҡ
Ʀå, ۸ˡ
Ҳܵ۸, ŭԡ
һƦʲôûз, Ͱı׵, ˣоԼҪˡ
ʱϴ
һжǼƦ
ϴҲûоʹ˰ݣӼƦ˳ܶϢ, ڶͱ˾
žЩƦåһˡ
رţ
سҲڵĺΰ, Ȼǰһء
˳ϴͶ, ͬʱĴޱȵĸж, ׷ϴ, мҲһЩ飬˳ֵķǳ, ϴҲ˽˳С, ϴȷʵϴӣϵķ涼˽˳ܶ
˳صΪϴ
ôҲ벻ϴᾰ, ʲ̫̲סһ䣺Ǹϴ󣿡
û, Ҿһϴ󣡶رãϴҵг, ʮǮѺҲϴҵģ˳žžгĵ˵Ҿ֪Ӧʶģû뵽ôϤȻͬһţ̫ˣ
˳ֺǼˡ
ĺȻ뵽һͽ˳ʱվ·ڵȽ˳ûеȵ˳ǿ֪һ䷿ӵĵ˳˵ȥϴǮгˡ
ڻǼķᾰģ
תͷᾰ
ᾰҲģҲǾȣֹһ˳ԡƯͬ־Ŀ佱ʲôررƯر׬Ǯر˵ȵȡ
䶼ˡ
˿ȤҲԽ˳۹ʾɡ
û뵽Ưͬ־ģ
ᾰĪزϲû˳ֱӶ˵û뵽λƯͬ־
Ҳû뵽ϴ󡣡˵
ᾰЦ˵ġ
Ŀ˳
ᾰҲ˳
˳ĿģĵغٺЦ˵ⲻޣԺ̫ˣǸǲǽùȥʲô
ࡣᾰһ˵
ãҸһҰǲ࣡
˵䣬ţ½ͣسǵĴǰ
캺ƽһ
ᾰһƽ
ûлʵЩ඼ıܹأʳȻϰյ
ǵڣЩ࣬Ҳùֻġ
ӳŲӺŴһţװᾰӾҪ࣬˳Ҫǲᾰ˵ġ
˳ˣӲĲӣװ࣬ӳ˳ɵƯȻҲƽǲڸɻˡ
캺ƽɫֲһˡ
ովĲ˴ᾰţ棬˸Ĳ࣬ǵڶƴǵˡ
ﲻˬֻܱţرܣŵζ֪سⷬΣҲˡ
Żĸţװţ࣬캺ƽڸϽڵţϣ˭ᾰͽ˳֮Ҳţϡ
ʱİȥʱӳʮֿģûнô˳Ŵҳˡҵ
һӲ˿
紵
ҼҾڰס
ĺӡ
˴ϵİ׷
ĸţдȻķһֱ񾲣̲סᳪƣ˲죬ĿΧڶȻ⣬ô̤һһ͵ɽӡ
캺ƽᾰڲͬݵĿУţصӰ칫ңѽһ£˴ӳʾ
ǰ˼ҡ
̫̫û¹ûзѧ
Ϊջ׺ͽ¶ûкúٷˡ
ϴ֡
ز԰ӣժһѶǣһѴУн˳ˮ
̳һ⣬ݷ룬˳гϸ˿͡Ρ׺Ͱ˽Ƿŵһơ
תѶСΣһˮȥǵζʱΣÿȺˮݣȵۣǵɫͣУϡ
ӵĿ϶ٷżͷ
Ϲǡ
زҲԱߵһڹˣмһ⣬ͣȴڻ֮ʣץһѰһѺۣոƵ˿У裬Ϊÿһ˿϶һ㱡ۡ
׿ʱеѾ
Ϸһ¶ȡ
á
ÿӼһ۵˿У˿˲ðϸݣĽһһŵУըƺ̳Ҳжʢʣ͡
ñ˴л
ٰըŽȥ£ӹǰһĽʹװκۣеһ籡ûг֪Լ׵Ĵǳɹ
ʲôóԵأŵζ̫̫ſʣô㡣
˵
⡣̫̫
öûг˰̣żһ˵ˣôСЩҲһЦ˵
̫̫һ£ܿ˿ʣأӦѾѧˣûл𣿡
ûСĻش
ڼˡȻǸСӣǷǳ¹˼ңÿѧ·ϼЩ֦ҶʲôĻջãĲ϶ġ
ţϢһ£ȥӭӭ˵
ãȥϴ
̫̫תȥˡ
İѴʢţƿСеǣһд۵㣬̺϶ϲԡ
һж׼ˣ뿪
ҪԺʱ˳һᾰ
ģ˳ĵش󺰡
ĴԺţʣ˳ôˣ
㣡˳˵֮ǰϲģҺϴ˳˵ţ̺һˮףʶ
Կᾰ
ᾰ΢Ц
Ĳϲ֪࣬Ǻ캺ƽϵ֪࣬ᾰ֣ᾰȥ캺ƽϵûкܺã캺ƽҲһﵽû֮ǰôų⣬˵Ƚɣҳȥһ¡
ȥĶᾰʡ
ʵ棺ҵܷܵѧˣڻûлȥӭӭ
ᾰͷ
ĶԽ˳˵Ƚȥɣһͻ
á˳ᾰĸ첲Ժߡ
̤ԺӣŸһСкܹش㣬¶ˣ
һϽʣʲô¶ˣ
ˤˣ
ľһ
ᾰ˳Ͻͣġ
ɫٱ䣬ʣĶ
лҪ˵

 23 

ڶʮ£Ը
£Ск˵
Ŀ£ʡ
ȥѧУ¡
ԸϽܳɽ, һ·Сѧܡ
ĵزϣκ顣
˵Ѿǡʮ谮һкڻֽƬˣ׵ܵܡ
, , Ҳ͵͵طŰŴǵ, ϱûиܵůģܵĸ, ԶԶؿһô, һ֦֦ԱһСӣС䶯š
ɲ
Ĵ
ڵŤתͷġ
ĴǰŸ첲ڵ, һ, Ͻȥʣ, ôˣ
ۡͷϲͣð
ۣ
첲ۡҧ˵
ȥҽԺСذ
۵С, ˵ȥ, ȥҽԺ
ôܲȥҽԺ
ȥҽԺǮ˵֪ƶ, Ѿƶϰߡ
Ǯĵͷ˵ǮȥҽԺ, ǮûҪ
һ´סˡ
ıߡ
ʱᾰܹˣھͶ˵ȥҽԺ
ĵͷá
ᾰ, ӹ˳гһ絽г, Խ˳˵˳ϳ
ã
˳СطгǵĪʹһ, ӡ
ᾰתͷ˵˳ںţҪˤˡ
˳Ӧãϴֻˡ
ᾰһŽŵӣгʻֿ׼·Ѱƽ̹ĵط˳ںŻ
Ľرﲻɵþðڶʮһʱ򣬿ţʲôˤһˤ̱߰ȵȣµĲˡ
Сذο˵û¶ģһ͵ҽԺˣҪ¡
СԲ۾ֱֱضĿ˼
⺢ӴСû˸ĸ̽æ֣Եذһ˷ڼصĳɳƶļҾ綮£ûܹʲôذ
Ĵʱ˿̵۰еİ
˵۾ͺͽ˵ûϵġ
ᡰšһ
İ§§С˵һ̣һͲˡ
šŵϵζܺţ˱ðġ
Ľˡ
Ľıˣʼ̵Ļˣʼˡ
ۣ첲ۣ۵ޡ
ĺӣ̲סſĵĻᡣ
һĲŸܵؿڴһƬʪ֪ˣеůеɬڳһֻһͷһ㰲ο
ץгĿԽᾰļĽǰš
ڳ˴·سǵˮ࣬ᾰĳٸˣһҽԺſͣ
ĸոմгᾰְ˹ȥ˵ȥҸš
áӦһȥҺš
ᾰֱֱرǿƣĽ˳Ѹپ͸
ҽԺĲԱϡ٣ᾰֱֱؽһ䣬̾ҽĴˤ顣
ˤĶˣҽʡ
첲ᾰһ˵
úԼ˵ҽ˵
Żش𣺡첲
ôˤģҽû¶ȵʡ
ˤġӵ˵꣬һۣĲûֵ˼һ
ҽʣʲô
ѡ
ûУ
ûС
Ȼʹˤˣ
šͷ
˸첲ˤĶˣҽ˷۾վᾰŵԱߵļ̨ϣѯʺһ顣
ȷֻǸ첲ˤˣû˺ĲģҪĸƬʲôģһڵҽѧޣתѯҽҽҵܵǴˤģ᲻ˤ֮ġ
ᡣҽ϶˵ˤ̲Ӧܵͷѣһ㲻ģڻؼ֮й۲졣
ãллҽԷġ
ҽʼ첲˸а壬Ųӣֹʹҩ˵ע
ҽڿԻؼˣʡ
ˡҽ˵סҪ˶Ҫʳ⺢̫ˣಹЩӪ
õģлл
߰߰ɡ
ûߣһҽİ칫ЦʣҽܽˮҩҵܵСۡһҩһʱɲˮ㣬һ衣
ҽ̧һ̶ۣͷ
Ĵҽİ칫ѡһ۵´ɸףůˮƿﵹ˰ɸ׵ˮϴһ´ɸףִˮе˰ɸ׵ˮҩǰ˵ȳ԰ҩһͲˡ
۾ġ
˵԰ɣ£㶵ǡ
Խӹ´ɸףһһҩƬԡ
΢Цؿš
һԵᾰͽ˳һĻĪů
ᾰĴģģһοôģϳ͵ĹâܿƵؾͲ֮⡣
ˡĴӶͳһŴǣ£첲ˣ˰ӣȽǴϵʱһЩƤҩ֮󣬿ߣľһֻ˵߰ɡ
ԹԵظߡ
ᾰ˳ϡ
ҽԺ֮ģ֪ˤ𣿡
һ뵽̫̫ʱһ¶ˣŵĲˣͰ̫̫ˣ̫̫϶˵ˤ¶һżĲˡ
õģѾ̫̫˵ˣ첲˵ˣȥһ£Ӧò̫ġᾰӹ磺ҲҪ̫ˡ
ͬʱᾰ
ᾰһӡ
Ҫʱ˳˵̫̫ҲᵣĵѽϾԼӣǻǸϽȥɡ
ԣȻȥɡ
ţϴǻʱһгţһȥ
ᾰͷ
ûзԡ
ĸְʱһصɽӣŸոյͷͿ̫̫
ᾰͽ˳̫̫ɫصӭ첲ϵɴͽôˣôˤôأ
̫̫־ȥ
ĸϽ˵̣ûʲô¶ˣˣǻؼ˵ؼ˵
̫̫ͷС־ͳߣ·̫̫̲סˤľ
֪ò׷ָѣҪ񵰸˳ԣ̫̫һĬˣ˭Ҳû
Ժ̫̫֮Сӣᾰ˳״ֱԼгҪڸʱĺʣǸʲô
˳ش𣺡Ǿˡ
ʲôߣԷ𣿡˵ûгԣôأ
˳ᾰ
ᾰ΢΢һ
˵Էɡ
˳ᾰûҲû̧
ĻͷʣԸ⣿
лҪ˵
л414659232񵯺ʹAmanda1ףôôա

һֱڵȴϣԾһ
鷳ղһרԤġų衷Һ׸ٽ[]

 24 


ڶʮ£ͬһ
Ը⡣ᾰ˵
ǾͽɡѺһЦ
šᾰ޲, ͷʱȴһĨǳǳЦ⣬ĲˣžͰгͣһԣԺ롣
˳龰, ֺǺǵؽᾰ
תͷ˵Ъһ, ȥˡ
ô鷳ġᾰ˵
ǰҺ, ȻҪлǵģŰɡ
Ұ㡣ᾰ˵
פʣˣ
һ㡣
㻹ЪŰɡĲǿᾰĳ, ǲ˼鷳ᾰ, Ŷᾰ˵꣬ת˳
ûбӣȡֻ룬ˮ, Ƭ֮ǰɹĸɻ, Գֳ, ͵ᾰ˳ǰ
̫̫, һᾰ˳ʾл, Ҳ̫̫ᾰ˵˵һν˳
ȥҽԺ֮ǰ, Ѿһ, Ҳ˺ͷ
˿ľ̳һģٵ˿, һˮ̳, з㡣
򵥵Ľ͡ζԴжε㣬ʢ, ͣĵɫ
һɫ˵ıɡ
ȥժһСˣٵϴ£ˮһ飬šˮݡ
תͷðݵĿˮִ裬ͬʱšεС˷룬ʳκͲͣ򵥵˼ɡ
ǡĺһڵļһһ˵ﷹϣᾰ˳ֱ۾ˣΪЩϡЩĺζֺÿ
Ҳ̫Ưˡ˳żԶٷǳЩ򵥵ͷһˣûмôˣôƯĲɫ
ƯɡЦ˵
Ư˳صصͷ
³԰ɣȥͷ
𣡡˳ס˵ȥȥ㶼ôˣС¶ȻСˣСȥͷ
ȥɡҲûи˳
˳Цݵرͷˡ
ڷϵȼú͵ƣŻ谵ĵƹ⣬⿴һۣûκ쳣ɼû˵ӡ
ķתᾰ˳˵֪࣬˳رлǣлҺȥҽԺȻеء
ôᾰ˵
Ҫлһ£ûоƣٷл
ҾͽˡᾰЦЦ
ᾰЦÿҲЦЦ˵԰ɡ
̫̫Ҳųԡ
δʹõĿӸᾰͽ˳˴ᾰ˳һ˵ллһڣȾϸĴϮ⣬ŸҷֱۣͰŵ̲֭סҧһ£˲֭ˮڿǻ̶ǵС
Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
˳һ۾
ᾰüë΢΢üϸϸ׽£⼸ԸܵʪάУ᲻ʵͬʱһеζǹ˷ḻİ󳦸óԣ
ᾰġ
ʣζô
˳͵ͷóԣóԵҲҧԼͷˣ
ᾰ˵ȷʵóԣ
̫̫˵ǼСҲͻ㷹ˡ
̣ĲֹҲᾰº͵Ц˵
˭ϲûأ
̫̫رϲ˿佱˿̿ĵкᾰ˳Էᾰ˳Ҳûпÿһ˶˾ޡ
һӷˣ˸ɸɾ
ᾰ˳ûţǺһ˸İᾰ˳͵Ժ⣬ʣ˳ôȥ
гسǡ˳ش
ôȥ
û¶ģ˭˳ү˳˵꣬ͻȻŶӡ
ôˣʡ
˳Щε˵Сһ¡
һָ˵Ƕ
˳Ͻˡ
Ժֻᾰˣʮһ͵ƻͨʱĴ±ϣ᲻ó᲻ôģ󲿷˶ϢʡúͣǰܶһƬ
е°
ĺᾰϣһŽ˳ҵȲ˳
ľ˸վͦõģתͷᾰᾰֱֱע
иո¶죬ᾰת˲ĿƿԼˣǿ˵֪࣬ллˡ
ᾰ¿ģǴЦ˵Ѿлˡ
ţҺܴæģл㼸Ρ
㻹ҪлΣᾰʡ
ҪҶлΡ
ûлֻҪ㲻Ҿˡ
Ĳʣ㣿
㲻𣿡
ˣ
һˣһ仰Ը˵

ᾰ֮ǰ¶ǵĿȻΪ캺ƽ֪ƫ֪Ҳûᾰ
ǽ죬¶ˣʱޱȣᾰİѸٵõΣн˳мڣᾰƫȫʧʵ˵֮ǰǾòһˡ
أᾰʡ
ھͬһϡ
ᾰ΢΢ͷõĵЦڵɫһŵá
ʣЦʲô
ᾰЦ˵ľЦ
ʲô
ڷͬһˡ
š
ǲǾ˵ԺҲгΪѵĿܣ
ӦǰɣϾн˳ڡ
ҲΪ˳ŷͬһϵģᾰʡ
ĵͷ
ᾰһ˲ĲϲƬ֮ʲôһͬ˵ʱ˳Ӳ˳ᾰֺݺݵ˽˳һ¡
˳Ӱһ£ʣϴҸʲô
ûд㣬ôȥôã
Ŷ˳Ҳûж룬ش˵Ｆ뿴ûＦţûҵ
߰ɡᾰ˵
ãߡ˳Ӧ
ᾰ˵ҲϢɡ
ĵͷ˵ټ
˳˵찴ʱ
á
ᾰ˳뿪תԺߣ˳˻һһ䡰ϴôִңʲô𡱣Ҳȥ⡰ֵܡ˵¶̧뵽תķ䡣
̫̫Ҫš
Ĳʣ̣ôˣҪʲôȥ
̫̫еĲʣ֪˳͹İɣ
æһϣ¶ˣ֪ͽ˳ʱȷʵŶˣش𣺡ġ
Ͻȥ̫̫˵ֱӸˣҲſ
Ϊʲôȥʡ
㲻֪ɣʲô̷ˮʲôģϹˣ϶˺ܶǮģҪ˼ⶫ̫̫жݳƷ˵̷۵ˣ̫̫϶رر˵ߣǸϽⶫͻȥ
Ѿˡ˵
ˣЩô죿̫̫ʡ
лҪ˵㻹һҿ쿴
ôô

 25 


ڶʮ£һ
ų԰ɡ˵
ôУ̫ˣ̫̫Ը⡣
̣ס̫̫ĸ첲˵֪ͽ˳һ, Ͷˣǿ϶ǲԸҪȥģˣҪһ, ǾŰ, һͷʽǡ
ᵽ, ̫̫һ˵ǣЩҲ̫ˡ
󲻹, ŮġЦ˵ǲ, ҲԵġ
𣿡
ǰ𡣡Ľ˵һͽ˳һҶõˡ
֪أ
֪ࡪ
Сģ̫̫Ȼ뵽ʲô˵֪ɱ캺ƽúÿ, 캺ƽ֪࡭Сİ, , ׶˲һׯڵ, 㡪
, ֪Ĵ̫̫Ļ˵֪Ҷ캺ƽûǸ˼, Ҳûпᾰ, ھúõصƣúõ׬СǮǮ, ӡ
أ̫̫ʡ
ҰȻǰȵغˡ
Ҹżˡ̫̫˵
, кżҾҡ˵
̫̫һ¾Ϳˡ
һԵԼҽ㲻ʲô캺ƽ׶֮ģ죬ȸԾġ
ǾͰЩ°ɡ˵
̫̫ͷá
ȳһ㡣˵
ճԹͳЩ𣿡̫̫ʡ
ζ
̫̫ķ, ᾰ˳͹ĵ⡢̷ۺƻ̫̫˵ϡһһСЩ
ڹƻڹ۸һ𣬵û̷ۡļǵ߹û̷۵ģ龫С
̷Ӧ׶Ǳߵġ
ӦֵǮɡ
׼´μᾰ棬ٸᾰǮЩˣһݣ̫̫һһݡ
̫̫ҧһڣһ˵ǵҶûҧͻ˰
ţر𣡡ͷ˵úóԣģ̿Զһġ
ҧһڣǳϰ˶ʮһ͸ִȷḻڸеĵģֻĵЩֲڣǾζеŨ
ƻͦġ
ķָ̫̫ƻ󣬾ÿˮһ´ɸ׵̷ۣŨŨһ̫̫֪ζģһ˵㰡
İţ̵룬͵̫̫ǰ
̫̫Ʒ졣
ʣ̣ú𣿡
ǱȺϡúȶˡ
Цſ
ƺϲ̣һֻС־ͰСԴغСʱĨװĭźںڵСرÿ
ú𣿡ʡ
ţͷ
ٸȰ롣ĽҪʱ˵һ塣
Сָأ˵Ҳȣȡ
㣿
ˡ
һһϲֱֱؿ
˵ǰ㶼޻ˣȰɡ
ʢ⣬ôܾܾأ
Ŀĵ˵úúãҺȡ
쿴ġ
˰ᾰ˳ﶼһ飬˸ʣ̫̫ͲóˣôԣЩŵУֹҰè֮ģ߸ߵعڷϡ
һ鿴ơ
ҹʲô⣬̫̫Լ˯
Ĵ̫̫ķչľţС̫̫˵̷̣úȣ
ٸһ롣
̺ͽҲȡ
á
ҲúóԣָϻеζģҶ.ָ
û.ɾ
.ɾˣ̣ҳˣҪö๤֣öǮҸͽһӵ̷ۺ͵ԣ춼Ը
á
ûȥ̧صԼķ䣬Լǲ̫ˣѵܵܲӡ
ڴ˼췢飬͹ǳţ棬ҽԺ
æۣûһ˯ˡ
ڶ컹δͺ̫̫һˮͰӣȽϴ󣬶˳۵ĲˣڴϣҪζļһ˯
ٿܳʱ̫̫Ѿ緹ˣһְֻɴһ飬Ժӵڱ׵ġҹɽ¡
Σ¥߰ٳߣֿժǳ 
Ҹ־ˡ
ױʯȻһûдȥһ壬̫̫ѾѺͺϡˡ
ûа취緹
ʣ첲۲ۣ
ʵʵ˵ۡ
ǻȥѧ𣿡
ܵġ˵첲ۣҸ첲Ǻõġ
ڼϢһ𣿡˵Ҫȥѧˣ첲Ͳ̫ˡ
ҵѧϰѽ
вУСѧ̰޹˼ɵʱһֿˣ˵
㣬𣿡
ǻƣ
Ǻðɡ
һô͡ʮ谮һǸִֵѾʼһˣϲ˵ڼһɣһ¹ͻòã
áͷ
ҪģȥӰ칫ҽ档
áֵͷ
ԣͷ
һ죬۾ġ
İͻط䣬̫̫һŴӳĺӼϵܣ˼ϵ㣬ǩ˸֣̫̫͸ܵԱͶѺĿ⡣
ģ벻ô
ӳ˵ȥһξ͹ˡ
ʲôģûŪ
ŻƣɵĲ
ģˣϢˣϢ
ŻƺúøɣΪ񣡡

ûоԼԼֺãǴӳΪһԱмĸоӳĿޣЩ϶Ŀ佱һЩ˱
˵˵º˵ǵ˵ȵȶǼõĻ
ԴʱԺĺϢǸġ
⻹ǵһô˿
ָоˬ
˾Ͳˬˡ
Ǿ캺ƽڡ
˱̫̫һ㵽ϵ㣬˶Ŀ佱飬ԱΧѯʲôʱ򷢣۾ļҪʹȥˡ
ЦŶԱ˵ܰ׷ŵλ
Աļˡ
˵׷գȽϴҺ͸ӳǷԱŪҪһ£֪˭Ը⣿ױȲ÷޻һֻмʮ׷ԱУٵҲһٽɽǧǼԲá
ɡԱǿڣᾰһ˵ˡ
ԱǶᾰ
ᾰһȻ˵ԸΪҷ񣡡
һ۵飬һ˶᲻߰᲻ãԱ֪ԼУҲͲǿ飬ᾰǺܿˡ
캺ƽڶᾰ
΢΢ףС˵ᾰĵĹϵһ㡣
캺ƽһ
лҪ˵л278353261ףôôա


 26 

ڶʮ£ô
˵һ䣺ûз֣
캺ƽû˵, ֱֱģĵѾͬᾰ뷢׶С
Ļᾰ΢Цͷ
Ȼ뵽ĶԼı䣬ܲζ˵ҲԸ⣡
һ㶡
ĵһ캺ƽ
û캺ƽ
ӳʣ֪, Ըʲô
캺ƽش𣺡ԸΪԱס
ӳЦ˵֪֪, 򶼷ǳ, Ѿ, ֪㻹ɻ, Żƣ֪࣬ߡ
֪˸Ŵӳߡ
캺ƽ˸վԭضĵıӰ, ֲŭӿ, ʱִ, ߵڰ׵˵˵ر, ǰ, ͸ڣڷᾰм, ȥ, ᾰţ棬ʳ治֡
캺ƽԿ, ɫࡣ
ڲ֪캺ƽʲô˼
캺ƽȻתߡ
һ£캺ƽһĻ, ˣϲҲͲٹˡ
ʱѾᾰӳǷԱӵĲֿ, ֿ׶ѳɽ
ӳ򵥶Ҫᾰ˵׵ĳ򣬾ǰչֵ֣ÿԱҪƳţ͵Ǽжˡ
ᾰҪľǡˡ
֪࣬𣿡ӳʡ
ˡᾰͷ
ǿʼɡӳ˵
ᾰǷԱ˸Ŵӳһһ׷ŵϳأվڳǰŹֱ˶ҵģʮټӸСˡ
ᾰСһֻʴˣĵͷд˸ֽһһٰʮաдͶᾰ˵ˡ
ãᾰƷһһʵĴӣͰһٰʮˡ
˺ÿ۾
ɽˣһֱһٽﲻ⣬벻ᾰһʮᾰȥֵģԾȻô
һӳͼǷԱҲˣӳ˵֪಻úããѧʶߣô̫ˣ
ĺͼǷԱ͵ͷ
ӳҲǸģᾰôҲչʾһԼʵѧᾰһٰʮף˼֮ʵʵرһٽţ
״ļǷԱ͵Ц
Цʲôᾰʡ
ļǷԱϽЦݡ
˵ûЦʲô
ᾰתʣһҶٽ
ĸϽֱĸ˾ô׵ţװһ͵ԱļС
ǧļͥһͲġ
͵罫Ҫ¹ʱҲͻؼˡ
ĸϽܣԶԶؾͿԺǰ鱾ץͷӶУЦŻһ
̧۾΢
ڸʲôأʡ
Ԥϰ
첲𣿡
ôˡش
Լҩ𣿡
ˡ
Ц۾Ŀǰϣʣǲˣ
šͷ
ߵߣһ꼶ѧ鱾ϣһѧӦĿʣԤϰɺã
ͷ
ĺôصѧҵСƵȻֵ߲ͣȴԵõѧӦĿ˵ļˡ
Ǹĺӡ
ôһ˵׹̶̾ԼĽ̫ͣصСԴ
ʣ𣿡
͵ͷԽѧϰõĺӣԽǳѧʶˣ˿ߴȴ֪Ц˵ãȥȥһ̾Ҫ
ͷ
תߣûݵĿ⣬˳󣬾Ϳ˽˳ˮȻһЩ׹ˡ
뻻һζҲԡԳԡΪɣس²ˣ̫̫˷ѡ
ϴ֣˰ףϴ棬һһȥ˺󣬰׵СУУ棬Ӳͣؽ裬棬ˮУٴηʱЩˮճȡ
˵ĺˡ
תת£Ǳ·һ¶ɫ
˵нĵ˱ȵƬһЩ˿򵥵عз£Ǽҳһ˿
֮󣬵ˮмӣϹǣ˼Ѳ𣬳̫̫ûл
ĿʼˮŸոսʱ̫̫ˣһ緹
緹ĵ㾦֮ʾǺࡣ
̫̫࣬޲ڡ
ﰵ¾Ժ˵ĻһԣȲֲ̫̫߶ˮƽҲԼкô
극̫̫ۣ֮ŽʰĺᾰӳǷԱ˻ϣԱס
죬ڼѯᾰ̷۵飬ҪǮᾰᾰ˵ʲôҪľ˵´ͽ˳Է¶ա
ҲǼףԱңҪ֪ͣ͵캺ƽʱÿ¹ʱ㣬ļᾰÿ춼ͦģҲ¹ȥ־Ͱᾰ̧״ӡ
ᾰһ̧ͣġ
ʣôˣ
ᾰʣʲô
Ұ̧
Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ𣿡
ҪվԱ߿žˣҿɲšſɣٸһĿҶû⡣
Ļֱݵ塣
ᾰ峺۾ֱضģ֪ᣬվʱǳǳЦ⣬һһʮף̬ͦε캺ƽķſڡ
һĻպ캺ƽУ캺ƽĿƵģߵĸǰĿһۣڹֱ캺ƽֵĺ˸Ժţʾ͵λַţҪ뿪֪ʱ캺ƽ̧סţѡ
̧ۿ캺ƽ
캺ƽɫŭģƺġ
Ĳ˵˵֪ʲô¶
캺ƽʣŻæ
ǰ֪֣һûȥ
ûʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ŷ͵ſˣһ¡

Ȼأ
ǰɲôҵģ
ŶĿûȤ̸ǰ
ķʽҵ𣿡
˵ʲôĲʡ
Ҹ㣬
ãҲ㣬ſҪȥˡ
캺ƽûзſ
Żƣᾰ
캺ƽͬʱȥ
ᾰЦ˵ƽˣ͵ˣȥһɡ˵ᾰץţϣ˳ĵһơ
캺ƽвᾰӲرᾰûпһû˶Ƶģ˵Żƣߡ
ĵͷ
ţ뿪֪㡣
·ϣᾰ׿һģʲôҲû˵Ӳֿ⣬ţ黹ᾰһ·ĻҪ˵˵ƺƽʱûʲôѹֳһɵ˵֪࣬ˣһؼˣټ
šᾰû˵ֻ꣬һˣվԭأͻȻĲˣһžͰԱߵĵӸ߷ˡ
֪࣬ôˣ
лҪ˵лл_2ףôôա
㻹һ

 27 


ڶʮ£
ᾰתͷһ, Ǵӳ
ӳ٩һ䣺֪࣬أ
ᾰòЦЦ˵ûУӳôˣӷ
ӳЦ˵һ, ոĻؼȥ, ôûлȥ
ᾰ˵ھͻȥ
Ͻȥ, ⼸ˡ
ӳˣܹΪǵҡ
֪ߡ
ӳ, Ҿˡ
߰ɡ
ᾰתˡ
ᾰıӰ, ӳ̾ᾰĳ֪ͣУҲǳ͵ġ
칫ҡ
칫ĸĸֱ֣ͷ, Ϲʱ, ͱıļ׼ȷ, Ц˵Ӧġ
, ˼ܸߣӳתᾰͼǷԱ, ˵ǼףȡһͰˣ
ᾰͼǷԱͬʱͷ
ĸ˿ʼ״̬, ݡء˶֡, һţ֪ߣźŰӦ, ŵ֪ſڡ
ڼ¶ӳȥˡ
ᾰǷԱ, һ͵֪෿ſڵʱ¹ˡ
ǷԱĵ˵ǲȵ㰡
Ц˵Ƚϸߡ
ţûؼң
ĵͷ
ǷԱᾰ, ˵֪֪࣬㣬ǸȥһӰ칫ҡ
Ҹһ߰ɡᾰ˵
ã߰ɡǷԱţԱᾰģ˲úÿҴѧʶЩŵиȾƵģҲԼÿִܿģ̲ס˵˵¶ᾰЦ
һ̧ͷ֪ǶˣǷԱֵֿغ֪Ǵкᾰ˳еҲܺгܿġ
˿ȥʮֺгִʹ캺ƽ۾캺ƽضģػصԼķ䣬ڴϡ
ƽƽڵ
ʲô¶캺ƽʡ
ȥʳóԷھ캺ƽһȥԷ
캺ƽƽʱԸڣȴ˵ȥˡ
ôˣǲ岻
û¶Ϣһ¡
Ǻðɣȥʳˡ
š
캺ƽڷȥģ˺ܾãĶģͰ캺ƽ׵ˣ̷̫̫۱⣬ʾ̷ǷŲȣͻˣܺˡ
̫̫ڴӦÿһ̷ۺȡ
ĸϽͳ̷ۣһ˺һ룬ȵ۾ˣҲˣ̫̫ú͵ƣصԼķ䣬ڴϡ
ſߵԭԸоԼúܶˣԺҲҪŬ׬ǮԵĺúõģúõ۾ڶӽ˳ǶյˮͶʮǮȥϹˡ
һջ֮ƹͼ˺ܶ࣬Ҫһߣһũ߽ͳƺͼ顣
ڸɻᾰòسᾰЦЦż飬ϺҲûʲôˣųУһЩ²˳׬ЩǮ׵ʱгʲôġ
ʱоһȵĿ⡣
ƾŸоȥ캺ƽװûпĿƮƮƮ˹ȥ
Żƣ캺ƽƺŹġ
ͣ½Ų䵭ʣ֪࣬ң
캺ƽ˹
Ŀ¶ɻ
캺ƽʣʱ𣿡
ķʣ£
캺ƽĬһ˵̸һ̸˵顣
ʲô飿ʡ
֪⡣캺ƽ˵
ûӦ캺ƽͻȻ仰ʲô˼ʣҵ⣬ҵʲô⣿
㿴ˡ캺ƽ˵
һĪ
Ӻ֮ǰͿˡ캺ƽ˵Ÿɽӵķףͷҳԣʱرĵġ
Ŷ˵ԭģĿɲ飬۹أ캺ƽġ
캺ƽҸоã˵ҵʱ̬Щ⣬ҲãҸ
ʲôʡ
캺ƽһھεӣ˵ӽ𣬶Щ
ҺһЩ֪࣬Ī˵
캺ƽʣĪˣ
ǰ˵ңô˵ҺЩˣ
캺ƽһ£˵ᾰߵĽ
Һ˭ߵĽʲôϵֱӷʡ
㿴ϵĲң캺ƽʡ
ʲôʱˣʣһʼͿ캺ƽˣԭʱҲڿϹ캺ƽ
ǰǿ𣿡캺ƽƶġ
ʣ˵ҿ𣿡
Ϊ֤һ㡣
ҵʲôΪ
ҽܷףͳԡ
˼һҪ͹Եأѵ˵ҲϲҪ𣿡ֱʣ캺ƽ֪ԭϲȴãˡ
캺ƽֱֱؿġ
֪࣬Ҳ֪ǵĹϵᣬȻѻ˵ˣôҾֱӺ˵ɣҶû˼ĲòθԼΪ˵֪û֮ǰǴӳ˵ҪŴ֪࣬ǵ֪ʶǵƬƶϣҲŻ˽׵ģ롣
㡪
ûп㡣İѻ˵͸ˡ
캺ƽû뵽õôһ𰸣һֱΪϲҲϲģܱϲٸУǸǴá
һֱûоܾģŸõĸоǲ̬ż˵һʲôģʥּƵģСɡ
û뵽һʧء
ͻȻغ쿪ʼһֱԶΪݵСϷûзϣʱıˣƯ鶯ˣһһܴƵġ
ûôųģеϲģϲԼһСָľͻ˹
˵˵ûϹᾰˣ
ھȻ˵ûп
ܲˣŵ˵ƭˣ
ķʣƭʲôô𣿡
캺ƽ㶣Ȼ뵽ʲôĿһ˵㿴ᾰˣ˵֪˵Ǹʸ֦ˣʼΪҺǴ˲ͬڣ֪ᾰѧʶмˣԺӵңᾰģ
ǣЦһ캺ƽĲϲ֡
Цʲô
Ц۽խʵʵ˵ԽԽ캺ƽ˲ôеĻխ
캺ƽ֪ʣ۽խ
ûվ壬ļĿ̹ؿ캺ƽ˵캺ƽ֣صظ㣬ûп㣬ᾰĲǹȥڻǽӵеÿһƾʵá
󣬵־䶼һħһ캺ƽʹ˶캺ƽζס캺ƽûмģű˵Ĺ
Ұǣ
лҪ˵
ᾰ¶޹أ

 28 


ڶʮ£ɸ
캺ƽֱֱؿġ
ת, Ȼ뵽ʲôͣ²ӣת, ɫض캺ƽ˵֪, ٶ˵һ, Ҷûйκ˼Ҳסһ, Ǹ߸·, ţټ
߸·
ţ
캺ƽ˶סˣĿ⿪ʼɢɫһѿ, ŭʡʹ඼һһչ, һĿ˽, תѰġ
Ĳٿ캺ƽ, ذ캺ƽ, ɣʲô캺ƽ, ʲô֪, ʲôϵ
ֻúõػԼСӡ
ͲԱߵڣͼǷԱ˵һ, ԳӰ칫ߣ˴ӳ
Żơӳһ
ӳ
Ż, ȥĶ
һذ칫ҡ
ã֮ǰǵ޻ʩ˷࣬, ǶɹŰ׵أ´׵Ҳǵ򻯷أͷһ£һӣһ㣬ǵҪٻʣ
áĵͷ
˺˵Ǿȥ򻯷ʡ
ȥĶ򻯷ʣʡ
ȥӳ˵
Ҫȥ𣿡
Ȼȥӳʮֽ˵ʱǿһȥͻͻģɱţˡ
áЦӦ
ȥɣȡڰʮڸϣ·ȫֺáӳ˵
ţá
Ŀٵؽ˰칫ңԿף֮ǰϡ
ǰǲũµģԴԽƾԭĵļЩϡ
֪һʩַʣһҹʣҲ˹ࣻһ־ͻʡ
߱ǰ
һ㶼ʹúߡ
ҲʹõĻʣֶַ֣ˮһʹ̼狀صȡ
ӳξȥ̼泥ķһ̼淋һĳأȷûκ⣬Ĳɵþ˴ӳ˵İʮڡ
ڣ
ô͵ˣ
ڱزٵľ±ڣȥسһˣسķΧ
ǵڶ¹ŸӲɹֽΪɣгȥسǹ磬ǰһ֡
ֽǦʲô֮һۿ˹̨ϹŵһɫǺдŵġúѧϰһӾͿˡ
ʣͬ־ɫǮ
Ԫǣһг߲ƱۻԱ䵭ػشۻԱǳԹùʵģԺקģκˡ
ļֲˡ
ֻɫҲʺûԥ˵һ
ۻԱ£̫ʼ۵ˣ겻ĥĥߴߴģټµģ̬ȵǺһЩȡݸġ
ĽӹɫͳǮƱݸۻԱ˳һ£ͬ־Ͼˣһ£Щʲô
±ǹѽ龫ʲôСۻԱ̸²ףƯֳִ󷽣̬Ͼ˼֣˵ЩҪĻǰ򣬲Ҫȵ±ǹ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ű
ǰҲ𣿡
ǰҲ֪ɣȫض˻ʣʳˣЧҲˣﶼЩǮɲۻԱ˵
ЦЦ˵ԭͬ־㶮ࡣ
˭ϲ䡣
ۻԱЦһ¡
ٳ̨Ͽ˿һȦҲûпضǿٹ˿ۻԱѯڵ±ǹװеȵȣʮҪ
û˵ʲôһЩɰǡǡΡ͡˽ǵȵϵȵȣȫװ˻ʴ
гؼˡ
̫̫֮Ѿȥ˯Ǹ˰ͷǡͺࡣ
θںܺãܿسˡ
ϴ꣬İеϹˣ̫̫ˡ
Ĵӻʴͳɫݸ
۾
̫̫ɻʣСģʲô
˵
ҵģ۾ʡ
š
ȥãûдߣһ¡
ֱӰ˵ţ͸ģԺͱѧȥ
СžɫӲʵʸУͻʴȫһȥر߼ɵĳȣͷֱֱضÿ
ģ̫̫һʡ
ġ˵
Ǯ
ûǮĲ۸˵̫̫
ܹɣôʲô̫̫˵ﻹµĻʴӣٸһͳˣ׻Ǯʲô
Ų׻أѧϰãԺ󻹿ԳΪҵĶ֮ţƶ˵
죬еСˡ
̫̫˵ôĶô̫̫ǱвƲ¶뷨
Ҳһ㣬ûб¶ԼĲƸѾٶǮɽǸСˣ˭Ҳû˵Ҳû¶
ڲһˡ
ǻˣͨ˵׷ǰɸۺ졣
İ뷨͸̫̫
̫̫֪ԼŮǸģҲûʲôǾ̫̫ˣӦһģ̵ֽúϧţǧˣ϶Ϲˡ
̫̫ĸ첲˵̣󲻹ģҽ϶׬ܶǮġ
Ҳһѽ
ûһ
̫̫Ҳû˵ʲôˡ
̣Һܿ׬ġ
һ
֪֪ұ֤һ
Ȱ̫̫գ۾
ĵܽԼķ䣬ѻʴ鱾ľ߶ϺûʲôģһһЦݵ̫̫ǰ˵̣㣡
ÿ̫̫˵
ĵͷСսʿһ
ϲСսʿƺţĵЩ޴룬˷ܡ
̫̫Ц˵ˣ߰ɣȥѧɡ
š
̫̫߳ԺӣʱͷԼ˷ܼˣͬѧҫ˵ҽıسѧУȥ
̫̫첲أҪܡ
֪ˣ̽ټС֡
ĿóĿģû뵽ô򵥣ôˣĺ̫̫һ֣̫̫ϴЦݣ˵Ǹӡ
ĵͷ
̫̫˵ˣҲȥϹɡ
á
ĺֿ̫̫ȥӰ칫ңҪʵӳӳ˵ãǹȥ
Ҳȥ𣿡֪Լȥȷһ顣
ȥǹǸɣ˲ȥ㶼ȥӳ˵
ãĿĵӦ
æɡ
á
ĿĵظŻһ뷨ĵĻϲڶر磬ˮոã˳Ϳĵܹˡ
˳׬һЩǮ𾢶ĲˣӵİӺˮ˵ôô٣
ķʣ𣿡
ٰ׬˶Ǯ˳һӡ
Ӵθڴĵ٩˳һ䡣
˳ˣ˵ҲңСĸ죬СĸŴƻ졣
Ц˵ãȻôģԸһ죬Ǿ͸ɸģôԸԸ⣿
˳һ۾ʣɸģ
лҪ˵㻹һôôա

 29 


ڶʮ£׼
ԡĵͷ
˳һ˾, ʣʲôģ
üʣ¡
˳˼ʣ٣
ʲôء˳ۡ
˳ʣǸʲô
ĸ˳ʾ㣬Ͼ͵ʲôˣ
˳Ҳû˵ڡ
ļʣڳʲô
±
ԡ˳سʶ˵±ɼ, ҶеĻ±, ԽԼ뷨ǿԵġ
±ôˣ˳ʡ
Ҵ±˵
±˳һȻ
ĵͷ
𣿡˳±״±ڶ, ˵о±ҪĶܶࡣ
һ᲻᣿ЦŽ˳
˳ֱֱؿġ
˵ʵ, һۿʱ, ;ƯͽƯͬ־
ĵദԽԽǸȫĹССʲô, ϸ, 塣
̶Ⱥϴˡ
ôһ˼, ˳ûκεĻ, ͷᶨ˵ᣡ
, һᡣʣ𣿡
ҵȻˡ˳ظ˵ҽ˳ʲôҵģ
Ц˵±Ƿǳġ
ԽԽãԽǾ׬ԽǮ
, Ǿ͸ɸԿ
ã˳, Ȼͼɵô, ̫̫߹ʣʲôأ
ĸ˳ʹ˸ɫ, ʾ˳ȲҪ̫̫˵
˳Ц˵㣡ˮ㣡
̫̫ЦˣСĴĶ㡣
ԶԶԣ˵öԣ˳һһתͷʣ, ҪҪسĶ˳ָ±ԭϡ
ʱãҺʹӳһȥɹʣʱȥ򡣡˵
У˳˵ˡ
ţ·עⰲȫںҲСһ㡣
ģ
˳гˣʱ컹ûдֻ̫̫ȥ˯˸ʱѾˣҲ˺ӵˣ
أְ̫̫緹ˡ
ĳ緹ȥϹˣһӼϵ㣬ӳͺ˵ȥ򻯷ʵ¶
ȥʡ
ӳͷ簲ġ
ĺʣЩȥ
㡢ҡ֪ࡪ
֪Ҳȥʡ
ǰ֪ɲһˣѧʺã󣬻ʵѡˡ
˵öԡĵͷʣ˭
֪ࡣ
캺ƽʡ
ԡ
ôҲȥ
Ҫȥģ֪ҲȥУ֪ͬ־ǸңȽСȥ˷òҾûͬ⡣
ţб𣿡
Ǳش󺺣رģͲˣ䶼УĶСӳ˵Ҳš
ţӳŵ׵ġʵʵ˵
ӳˣ֮ǰЩ̫ᣬ޷ʤλż̫ˣԱһЩʵ˻۽ġˣҪܣ۽ġ
鲢ûз
¶ɣһֱûгԱһŷҲԽԽϲˡ
Ц˵Ǿôˣ
ãĵͷ
ӳˡ
ڰ칫ǰ뵽Լѵȥһ棬û¶ͰҪĶȫдʲô˿ŴסСմ򡢺ʵȵȶõʱ©
˳ְ±̸д
ŷԼȱҪĶ±ģߡ
ô±ģأ
˼ڤʱӳ¹ˣʰ뿪Ӱ칫ңһ̧ۿ
ϻɴ֣ûţһһ֦ߣĺغ㣡
ĳôּ֦ˣ
ҿͼˡʵЩ飬̺ͽôࡣ
ʣ첲۲ۣ
ۡ
Ļֽӹ˵
ûӣܹԵظߡ
ĵͷ֦濴һۣһԲľͷֱԴһ㣬һǻľģѾʧȥˮݣʮּӲ
ÿ±ģߡ
תͷʣľͷ͸㣬𣿡
ԣ̻ش
ллԴ
ΪԼ˽ȸԾѣӯظĻصҡ
ڼҵСӡľǳߡӣ룬ȥӳҽľʹõīӡӵȡ
СӾͿʼģؾ⻱
֮ЩΪСүүһүүǸľЩӵ֮ģĿȾ£ҲһЩ
ʱŲʣ㣬ڸʲô
Ļش𣺡ģߡ
ʲôģߣԴϴδˤļشȥҽԺĵ̬Ȼת䣬֮Ķ۰мӣԸĽӴҲվԱ߿
һģӡ
ʲôģӣ
±ģӡ
±ģӸʲô̫̫վһʡ
Щ±
֪ϲʳ֮ģ̫̫ҲûжʣĽ죬һʱ͒±ģߣ⻨˼ͼֽ
ֱǡС족֡ĸ֡
ճߴþӾľͷƽ棬ǳ̶ȣīľͷϻߣӺʹӲã͡
һ䣬һΡ
ʱˡС͡֡
ʣ֣ûʱҪʹӳһȥˡ
Ҳ֪һܻܲĺ̫̫˵֮Ϻ칫
һ̧ᾰ캺ƽ
òǵ˵ͷһǣһ͡ͻͻͻ죬˵Ҷ˵Ҳûʲôεġ
Ǵӳ˲ϸҲҪһġ
Ϻġ
ʱ򼸸˶¿ͷ졣
Ļ⼸ΪûԷ˵ʲôϹģҲǵĻ磬ڵϣܵķ羰һûнյᾰ캺ƽĿ⡣
ôͻͻһСʱ
һڵС
бسǷһЩ·ˣ¥һЩžһЩĴѰңҵй硣
ԶԶؾͿйȽϴĶҲȽ϶࣬˵ַ
ͻͻһСʱڵ˱лʳ
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ӳ³
½³
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Ķص㣬Ͻסȵվסܿˣһ£ֱֱӳ
ᾰ
캺ƽ
ӳǽ𣿡ʡ
ԡ
ӳĵ˽˻ʳһʳͿ˲ҲڵȻʡ
û취Ŷӡ
˰СʱĶӣоʣӳʹǾڻʳʳü򵥵س˸緹
ӳļ£˵һСʱɽӣǼûʲô¶ȥɣߣϰСʱͿԿߵһ磬رȫǿһ˵еĲҪƱء
һ𣿡ľ֪ӳ˺ãǰ˽¶
пܵġӳ˵
ҵȥ
ȥȥɡӳ˵עⰲȫˡ
á
ĴӦͬʱҲӦˣĺһ𳯹ߣᾰ캺ƽ󣬵˹֮İѹĶһ飬ȱ˼±ԭϣ˵·ģȥһ㣬һ͹
˵ȥȥɣ㡣
á
ļᾰ캺ƽҲרĵؿضʹӹ뿪ע۲Ⱥƾʱ˽⣬⸽ضкС
˳ԼĲ볯ߡ
е캺ƽط뿪ˣϽеֱ̧ȥġ
лҪ˵

 30 


ʮ£Ͷ
ĺܿߵ˺С
бس˺ܶ, Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ҴţģģҲҵġḻ̶Ȳڹ硣
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ֽŴסﻨһƿ̷, ȫװʴ档
Ҫ뿪ʱ, ͻȻץס
ûü, ͱץһ䡣
һᾰô㣿ʲô
ᾰæͣ캺ƽڸ㡣
һ, ΢΢̽, һȻ˶캺ƽ̿϶캺ƽڸ캺ƽ˵ô, ˻, в, Щ, ̧ᾰһ, ˵лл
𣿡ᾰʡ
ˡ
һȥɡ
šĵͷ
˴С·뿪һصй, ԴĶ, ûǰţֵ̨ǰ˿ɰǡʡѸ֮, װ˰ʴӣҪ
ᾰʣĴӻװ𣿡
Ĳؿᾰ
ᾰ˵һű, ûطţװĴɡ
ǸҴڻֱ˵˵
ᾰһ⣬֪ĺܴ, û뵽Ļزһ¾Ͱ˼˵׼ˣǵ˷飬עĵΪҪϸһ£ȡûκ˻ģ֪ˡ
ֱֱؿġ
ͬᾰһЦ˵װ¡
ᾰ΢΢һЦˡ
ʣҪ𣿡
Ҫᾰ˵
Ǿɡ
ᾰһűװĻʴһ¾ڸס˻ʴд󲿷ֵƷ
ᾰת˵㻹һЩ
ҲûпתһЩǡʲôϣȥʮֽڼӣʱ깩ĶһЩǹ׼ؼҸӳһһתͷᾰһĹĵĻʴӣȵʣ֪࣬ôôࣿ
ᾰЦ˵Ҳûж٣һűռطĶǸ֪ǴƷʲôġ
˵ǸӣϾˡ
˵ǡᾰ˵
ת˵Żƣûٰ
ЦЦ˵ֻЩˣ̻ҵġ
ǻˣԶ㰡
ǰո˸ˡ
֪ӡﶼϵؾǸͬ־̲ס˵һ䣺Ժ˭ȢŻƣǼĸ
ЦЦ˵
ᾰһ¡
⻰ĺ£Ͻתƻ⣬˵ˣʱҲˣǸûȥˣϾͿˡ
ߣ˵̧Ҫߵʱ򣬷ȱʲôת˵ˣһˣ֪أ֪࣬ողǺһȥ𣿡
Ҳ֪ءᾰش
ҪҪȥһҰʡ
һңᾰɻ
ɣ֪ŻȻȥһ֪࣬Ȼزģ¶˿ɲã˵
ͷ
ᾰͺһص˻ʳûһ캺ƽҲˣʶ˷ܸУ캺ƽɫģǸĳĹ磬˺У֪ô¶ľͲˣ˺ܾöûҵ
˵ĺᾰһġ
ĺᾰ
ĹȻᾰ
ʮֲˣǰֻܱţＫܣģĶûһ¶ˣˣõؿ
ʱͻȻͻͻͻ죬һ£һģˤ.ʺӵԱȻЦ
ʶȥᾰĿⶼûκеɨȳЦܣĲˣȥᾰˡ
ᾰϣעе˻ʳֿǰʱһͳ칫ĽšļɽӵĹ¡֤ȵȣˡ
ȷᾰӳ˿ʼæ˻ʣǧĻһһӵذ
֮󣬰ϡ
ӳʻᾰԱָţ˳ʻ˻ʳĵ½ϵĻʣӳ˵û뵽ô򵽻ˣ첻ҹˣؼң
˵ؼң
ͻͻͻǰţǧĻѹȥٶԱʱ˺ܶ࣬һ˻صɽʱѾˡ
Ա׷״ԼҼܹܳжʣӳתͷ˵ŻƣҲһˣϽȥϢϢɡ
Ц˵ãӳæŰɣػҲﲻˣҾͻȥˡ
ȥɡ
ĵͷŴ׵ȶֲܹذЩȥתᾰᾰҲͷʾġ
ѡᾰת뿪Ӳֿ⣬ȥɫѿ캺ƽ̧صУԶԶؿú͵ơ
̫̫ܽʡһʱǺٵú͵ƣӦΪ˵ȴģͷů߽Ϳ̫̫ڵƸӣſдҵ
̣ĺһ
㣡
Сģ
̫̫ͬʱ
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Ҹá
ԼȥãԼȥá˵žͳߡ
̫̫ں溰ŵơ
ãõơ
˵ľܽˣĲϷŵ׸Լ俴ľľӣľѹŴʯͷ֪̫̫ˮϴƺˡ
á
š
ڴӹȡ̫̫˵ú£Ȼǰͷ̫̫ǰѺõĸԡ
ĺܿģʣ̣ǳԹ𣿡
Թˡ̫̫һ˵
ҪҪٳԵ㣿ʡ
ˣǶԵĺܱ̫̫˵
ͷǳԺöࡣ
̫̫˶ԸԣͳһѴǣŵϣ˵̣ǳԡ
һǮ̫̫˵
󣬾򼸸̣ǳԡ̫̫ԣĹһ͵̫̫ߣ̣
̫̫ŮֺЦůſ˴ǣŨŨζڿǻɢǱۻ̫̫Ц۾
ҲЦ˵𣡡
ȻˣġĹô˵
һȤʣ㣬ʲôӵģǲǺܴ󣿡
ЦŻش𣺡ܴ󡣡
ǲǺܶࣿ
ţܶࡣ
ÿ˶г𣿡
Ҳǣгɶˡ
ۣǮ˺öడ۾̾
ԴĳԺ̫̫Ĺͬ۰ԽԽܹչֳӵˣʱ¶ɰһ档
Ŀһ̾ĲУǺ˵˼䣬ٵس֮󣬾Ϳʼ˵֣̫̫Ҳûȥš
һھΧú͵ţ˵ţ̫̫żҲ˵ţ۾һĹâżһʣŽζš
֪͹һСʱ̫̫ҶҪæ˯δԸ˯С˵ȥ˯ɣٸ˵͵͵һŴǡ
ͷܻԼķ䡣
Ҳ̫̫ȥ˯ϴ꣬վԺﳯίԱῴ£ǱѾûеƹˣᾰôѶ͹
ż
ᾰ᲻˰ɣ
ᾰ˰
ĵȵЩѡᾰȥˮ͵Լķ䣬ϴһϴ
·ϴʱ򣬴ӺȻˡн࣬õġ
˭Сʡ
лҪ˵ж

 31 


ʮһ£±
, ᾰᾰڴС˵㵽Ժſһ£ҰѶ㡣
΢΢һ˵Եһ¡
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ᾰݹʴ˵˼, æڲŸͶ
Ҫô˵Ц˵һллҽһ⡣
ᾰº͵˵ûʲô, ֮ͣŰɡ
ֽӻʴӡ
Сһ㣬еءᾰô˵ͬʱǰһ
ŵһɵ, ɵ̧, ΢΢֮, ĵ⻬Ǹհļһ, ⻬, ΢ʪͷձߣԵӵá
Ȼ뵽Լڴˮ, ղĺڡϴ, ôһ룬Īһ, Ҷϣϵı仯, ʧˡ
ãллĵ
ᾰʱѾˡ
Ľ˵Ѿ, ȥɣȵ±㼸ġ
á
ټ
ټ
ᾰתԺ֨ѽһ죬ͷȥѾ˷䣬ŽţֱֱؿĵķţȻϲֺȻһִܡ
ϲΪɽһܵһġ
̾Ϣһ
ת֪ᣬڴϣ侲ӣֿա
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ġС͡Բģ⣬ԱԲλľͲˡ
һ̫̫ģЦЦóǳ߱һȣߴǳ׼ȡīӺʹӳͼֽú͵ϸϸص̣Ÿյ̳ƫԳ˳͹ˡ
ʲôأ˳ʡ
±ģߡʡ
㻹±ģߣ
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ԡϴ֣װŰӡˮݸ˳
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ԣʮ֡
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СĶһ¡
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ֱ
Ҫֱʲô
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ġ
˽˳֮󣬲ûȥ˯ú͵¼±ģߣ콥Ļûһ족ֵĳΣϽ˺ϡרԵ±κģ˿һЩСͣϼӣΪ緹
緹֮󣬽˳ۡˮ⣬Ľ֮󣬼±ģߣһֱϹʱһ¹ĥģߡ
־ŬС족֡ĸֵģɣڱͿһͣɹһ͸ĺȿõĸСһ£ͳһĸ±ʽĺ
ۣúÿĿڰϺ±˵̣㿴±
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±ʮһ͵ֳɵĲϣҪԼСʱͿүүһЩͳʳ֮ʳѹ
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һ¡
Ҫľתǽתǽͳ±ƤĹؼǳڶơΡÿһҪʱ䣬Ƭʱûа취ɣϢΪɣӳ˰١
һ¹ľͿʼŴףŴ׷ۣзζСʯĥˣһԣŰѻʡʡʵͬζ鱸ãžͿʼתǽ
ϱתǽʵܼ򵥣Ǽ򵥵кͷӦõʡɰǡСմ
ط򲻵ʣֻð״״ʡ
İ״׺ˮŵףȵؼɰǣֹɰٴνᾧûнκν衣
ؿˮرɷɫʱʢѾתǽð
һЩĵ̼Ҿתǽģһ˸ֱ治ԼתǽǷۡ
Ҳֲ
û۵¶۲תǽתǽɫʱΪܹǽ˿ĽǰõСմˮɫǽУӦðݵͬʱҲϡתǽŨȣ˿̷תǽʢҲ±
ʢתǽðݣĽֹԱߣʼ±ڶϣĹʡѸɡ˿Ŵ׷ۻϣˮͣؽ衣
ֱŴ׵ճס˹ʡѡ˿Ϊֹ±ڶˣʱתǽࡣ
ûʱȫʧҨףУټͣϸΣȺ󣬼ۣÿӽš
һСʱĹУİѳĵعˣϴ֣žɼӣдԲѹ⡣
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㣡Ȼ
תͷȥ̫̫žѾˡ
㣡㻹±
ǰ
ô
ˣ֪ûгɹ
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Цˡ
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Ŀ˳ͬʱҲᾰ
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˳˵㲻˵±ҵȻҪһһˣ˵ʵҴСûгԹ±ء
˵ҲûС
ᰡ
ǽ˳һҲûоᣬڴضŵعᾰҲţʣͿԳ𣿡
ĵͷš
˳˵̫ˣҿԳԵڵ±ˣ
û˵̿ˮ
̫̫Ҳ֪ƹǲ±
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֪±ˣ˵ˡ
ʣҪ𣿡
š
ضŵع
ͻȻںܽˣʱͽǮೢԼΣڴ±һγɹؽַŵǱϡ
ᾰƺĻš
һͻȻϢ۾ֱضŵعŹǺȻ뿪壬һŨصˮ˵Ŀͬʱϡ
лҪ˵

 32 


ʮ£
һ, ĽǷһԣᾰһ򱡱壬ذڷŰ˿±ԲԲ, λƳλƵ, ߽Ǵ΢΢ĽǸ±˱һ, ͻȻġС족֡ĸԵø±һɢһɹɵ㡣
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óԣ˵úóԣ
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תͷ˳
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һ±ҧһڣǱƤʵ㣬𡭡Уͦõˣתһ룬˶ˮ٣Ƿ٣󲿷˳ⶼϲԷ⣬ȻҲϲˣᾰһЦ˵ãټӵǡ
ᾰͷ֣صģּһ䣺ĺܺãĺܺóԡ
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ĸ˽˳һһ±ָ̫̫һ飬תᾰʣҪҪҲһ飿
áᾰӦ
ǳԵĽζҲģȷԼƵ±ڶ±ƤʱϲĿζЩġ
һ±ҹĻѾˡ
תͷʣ˳ϻûгԷɣ
ûء˳˵
԰ɡ
ð˳̴Ӧ
Ŀᾰ
ᾰʣҲ
㲻𣿡Цʡ
ǡᾰϽϣ̫һԷˣɲǣϽ˵Ҿɡ
ĵͷ˵Ҳûʲô÷һԡ
Ұջ𡣡ᾰ˵
հɡ̫̫˵
ᾰ˵̣һĻֺˣ㻹ϢϢɣա
ԣ֪հɡ±ɹˣʮָˣҲƽʱ󷽺ܶ࣬Ҫᾰ˳ԷҲͲᾰջˣת̫̫˵̣ϢһһͿԳԷˡ
á
ת˳
ᾰž˽ȥ
˵֪࣬һû׼أϢϢ
ҿʲôɰæġ
ᾰ֣ҲͲˣߣӣϴϴ֣Ҩ棬һʳΣˮһӽ۽״
ֿʼ棬ûһ˹⻬ţһ޲ѷ˳ժЩСУصʱᾰڹǰһѸġ
֦նɾȵСΣʺӽȼգҲû˵ʲôҨˮϴСˣݷһЩľһЩ˿
һо֮Ҳѷˡ
ץЩۣڰϣŷڰϣߦȣѹ֮󣬿ʼߦ档
ʱ˳һյú͵ƣȥˡ
ᾰڵعǰϣú͵ƻƵĵƹ⣬ģĴĺأŸͲ֪Ů֪ࡣ
ˣûһۿɼϸ¶ϸ޳Сۣߦ棬רעһ͵⣬õ㽡
ᾰôֱֱעġ
İŸǳ˱Ƥصһ˵Ҫгʱһͣ˵֪࣬ջˡ
ᾰءšһ
ȴû
ػͷᾰƺڶԼػһ֪ࡣ
ᾰһ»Щȵؿġ
ջˡ˵
ᾰӦһſʼջ
Ŀʼ⡱ûһϸȵͳ˰ϣ˵ߣߵϵĺۣҲߵ
תعǰַŽУܵ¶ȣҨͷףƬ̺󻯳ͣðʱѴкľ˿ӽףζͬʱ뽴͡˽ǡл΢΢Ƶʱ򣬼ˮտ
ڵĹУ飬κˣһҳˣᾰ˵֪࣬ˣϴϴ֣ԳԷˡ
á
ᾰȥϴ֡
ĴӲ˳ȡһ룬ʼʢ
ᾰһνˡ
ĺʣôˣ
˷
ã˵Ժķϡ
֪
СĽ£ˣע̡˳ڵ˵š
ᾰ󣬾һȻһ뷨Ҫÿ춼ĹͺˣһۣԺӡ
ʢ󣬽µʢСľУ˵ԺķϣЩƵСˣˬɿڣſʼ̣˳Էˡ
̫̫Ŵ
˳ú͵רŸ̫̫·
ڽڼƷ£ľͰѳú͵ƴϨˣ̫̫ᾰ˳Χһյú͵Ƴ
ۣ㰡˳˵
͵ͷ
Ȼǰ̫̫Ž˳֪˲Ҳûпš
Ц˵԰ɡ
˶˿ӣ˳еԣŨʱܳһЩľ˿һһϲƵģ̫̫ͽ˳޲ڣᾰԵһʱüͷ
׶ˣͥҲȻҲԹʳĵպһһδεޣͷʱ̫̫˶ˣû˵
ֻг
ܿ꣬һľҲ׷˵Ķӣ˳Եķǳ㡣
˳̲ס˵ģ̫óԣԺԷɡ
ð˵
ǡ˳δ˵꣬͸оһ̹˸飬ʶתͷȥϴõؿԼʹһ䣺ԣϴҲҼҳԡ
˵˳оˣоĪģҲûж롣
˵ðøǮ
аǮܳôõķˣҲԸ⣡˵˳ּһ䣺ϴҲԸ⣡
ᾰ𵭵Ц⡣
ţǵÿǸǮˣЦ˵
Ҫٸ٣˳ظ˵
ٴţˣжǮһ֪𣿡˳ڵϰġ
˳ͷһЦַǳ˵ûʲôǮϴУϴкܶǮǲϴ󣿡
˳ᾰ
ᾰϵصͷ˵ҺǮӡ
ҲǿЦ˵УʱǱˣˣѾˣǸϽȥɡ
һȥҲеġ˳˵
ȻҾͺ̸̸¶ɡ˵
ʲô¶˳ʡ
лҪ˵㻹һ

 33 


ʮ£˭
±˵
ԶԶԣ˳˼ʳ, һʱ֮±¶˿̸Ͻջ˼ʮ˵±ģĵɣ, ٣
ĵͷ˵, һЩϸҪһ¡
ʲôϸ⣿
±ļ۸, ±İװ
Ŷ۸񶨶أ˳ʡ
ķʣسǵ±ǶǮһ飿
Ҳ֪˳ȥر, ûг±
ȥһ߷Ǯһ, һ±Ʊᾰӻ
Ŀᾰ
ᾰ˵ġȥ±ҲһƷ֣û۸
Ŀ˳˵Ǯһ飬ʲôƱУ±ƱҪûƱĻ, Ǯһ顣ô
Ҿÿԡ˳˵
תͷʣ֪أ
ᾰû뵽ĻͻȻԼ, Щϲͬʱ, ػش𣺡ԡ
šĽ˵ڰװ, ֽһ, ϵ
Ҿúá˳ͷ
Ǿô˳, , У, Ǿ;òãʡ
á˳ͷ
ǽ͵, ʱ䲻ˣǸϽȥɡ
˳תͷᾰʣϴǻȥɡ
ᾰ΢΢ס
˳Ŷ˵, Ǿͻȥˡ
ã·עⰲȫ
á
İᾰ˳͵ԺţᾰԭһЩ˵һԱվ̫̫ҲͰѻȥŽ˳뿪ļҡ
һֱߵ·ϡ
˳ᾰг
ᾰ˵ú±ʲôһҪ˵
ϴģ¶ģ˳˵
¶ҡ
˭˳ʡ
ᾰһ£˵ġ
ģ¶ҲҪ˵Ϊʲôѽ
Ϊʲô
㡪
ᾰϽ˳ʣ㻹زؼˣ
ػػأ
ȥɡᾰתͳ֪ȥ
˳վԭһͷˮҲ벻ףɫҲѾˣг뿪ˣͬһʱ䣬İԺŹϣ̫̫
̫̫ʣСģ±
ǰĻش
¶᲻̫ðˣ
ģ˳а취ġ
ʲô취
ܵÿ졣
ǡ
̣ϲЩ飬ɣģзִģ߰ɣ˯ɡ̫̫첲˵˯
̫̫״ҲͲ˵ʲôˣŮҲΪԼֽ϶˵ˣЩҲǻ£Ժ󻹻ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
˳ػصԼķ䣬ϴһ֮ľڴϣϹ翪ʼˮ翪ʼ±һ춼ûŹĺˡ
ڴϾ˯ˡ
ڶϣճˮͰӷ⣬֮ʶذһЩճʱ׼±ĸϱ
һо͵Ϲʱ䣬һӣ߳Ա߳ӼϵȥӳվԱ֪ǵǰ˵ƻ
񻯷Ѿˣ޻Ѿˣھǳ׵ʷʵصʱ˻ʾͿԿˡ
ǽɽӵƻ
ʮּ򵥣ʵǳۡ
ʣȫ˹ȻҲ˹
Ա֪һ˿ӣװ˻ʣ¢䣬߱ץһѻڵ
еضһ㻯ʡ
žӣһţӵģţޣҪ
˲ܸһţĹЩǱȽġ
Ȼ磬ÿ춼ҪͳƻʡԼͻ֡
ľЩӪ䣬˺ܶࡣ
ÿ¹֮󣬾״̬ܺãǾͿʼ±
ǰ¹
ʱɽԱ֪һˣÿԵ㶫ڴϾܹ˯ˣɽӶܰ
÷ĸɻ
һ˳һһ±ᾰĽ飬±Ƥ涼Щǣζʺˡ
±ʳʱʱðװֽ˶ʮ˳ý˳õггӦ
±
Ъɣ緹ˡ̫̫ϵĒǸع±ķķ϶±ˣرۣ緹ˣ˵ɡ
Ͼͺáİһ±ʢϴϴǰ
̫̫˵±˰ɣ
˵ǰ
˰ɣһȥô죿
϶ȥĿڣո궫Ľ˳ЦݵгֱﵽԺгһͣذж˵ˣ
ʣ±Ҳ𣿡
ˣ˳˵˵
̫̫ȵһ飺±Ҳˣ
ˣ
ʮ鶼ˣ
˵ʮˣٿ鶼꣡
ļٵģ⻹ûأҶʼ±𣿡̫̫ţ֪˶ɽӵһģȴ֪ʳҵƻ·ųԽԽвԽԽ١
ģ˳ƿ޲
̫̫ͷһտյģˡ
Ŀ˳ʣ˵ٿ鶼ʲô˼
˳˵Ǻöš
ʣôģ
˵ɡ
ĿŽ˳˵
˳ɻʣôĲԡ
˵ӦǵĶȻ˵ٸǴ
ն𣿡
Ҳ֪жҪ±ҿ԰ƻΣգϾ±ɱߣʱЧԣͰӷˮһġ±гҲǰ漸졣
԰˳һ˵ôû뵽أѽϴеһƴ
֪ô˰ɣ
֪ˡ˳˵
Ǿˡ˳ںүܾˣҲԼ΢ٶ飬Ž˳ġ
ʵ֤˳ȷʵ
ڶ˳ʹʮ±Ķģÿ춼±Ϲ±ɵؾ˽˳ʮ飬ʮ顣
˳˺аʮ±ˣ֪ôġ
±Ȱӷˮһ¶˼ʮǮ¶ĹĹĵģ˷ܵĲˣͣؿ佱ļֱǸˡ
ͬʱԼģȻĶ׬Ǯ
˷ܵ˻һгͳɽȥɽ¹ԶԶؾͿģںš
ɫһݺݵ˽˳һۡ
˳һѡġȥ
˽½ףƽʱļ治ǲոʱںҹУɽӵ˸Ͳ֪飬Ҳ֪ǸСš
һ˶ʮ±
̫ˡ
ʹܹ
ģⲻҪ¶
ϽĿƿҪ׼뿪ʱȻһͬ־
˳ͷһڡ
ָŽ˳˵㲻˭𣿡
лҪ˵
һҽԺ裬æ
ÿʱһϾŵҡ

 34 


ʮ£ʲô
˭˳ʡ
Ǹˡ˵
˳һ, ͶѣĻũȡһЩƱʲôûд, ˳Ϊϳǵү, ԭǰϹ˿, Ц˵ǰ, ֵġ
𣿡ʡ
ûˡ
Ŷ, ʲô
أߴ·ˡ
˭
ڸӡ
ŶҾͲʶˡ
ţæ, ˡ
ټ
˳Ͻг뿪
Ҳû˵ʲô, ת֪, İһ, ¶Ҳ˸, עʱ֡
ټ˳ʱǧ, ССС, ܱκ˷ˣֻҪɹͺ˺ܶ, ˳ظƱ˵ģԺҲ᷸ĵͼˡ
, 㡣˵
ǽ±

ãҰ㣡
ʲô
һջ𰡣
У
˳ȥջˡ
Ľ±¶С, ڵعǰһʲô쳣˵ԼҲ˳첻֣ܳϻ賿ʱС·Ϊͽ˳ķֳɡ
֮ǰֱ˳ɣ˳ɣڸ߳ɣ˳ɣ˳ƴǲҲʹӦˣӦ֮󣬶Դĵӵ
˰±ҵݱɽӵĲ֣ҲԽԽˡ
Ľ˳±ĸˡ
²˳æ±̫̫һʱ䣬Ҳţѹ±ģߣɹ±ȵȡ
һһ±ô֮˳ȥ
ڵ˰ʮһ죬ɽҲȫˡ
Ա֪Ϊ˹ڣ׷ӳ٣ȥ±Ǳӵȵȹһڡ
˳첻ܹ̫̫һӳ˼٣ţ
Ըȥ첲ϵļаΪɣһţϣţһһӵ±̫̫ţϴ·
̫̫Щģ˵Сģ᲻˷֣
ᡣʵҲЩģԱ֪ǶسˣûʲôˣѹģҲȷسˣԻ취߱룬ߵһ·̵ʱ򣬿ǰվһߴӰᾰ
ġᾰǰɫĳɫĿӣ򵥣ǷڶʮһҲʱüĿ£˧Ĳˣֱ߷һг
֪࣬ôվţʡ
гˡ
гǸ˳𣿡
Ƕֵġ
ֵ׻
ţ̥ûˡᾰ˵ͷһۣʣܲܽţһã
¶ɻ
ᾰϽ˵̥ˣȥسǵĻ̥λҲ뻵ѿܸ󡣡
ζעᾰ
̫̫ʱ򿪿˵û˾ͲӲƣ̫˺̥ˣ֪࣬Ͱгŵţϰɡ
ãлл̡ᾰͷгͷŵţϣ˵ţɡ
ᾰѾַŵţϡ
Ҳûкᾰת̫̫˵̣ţϡ
£ҿһߡ
ռλá˵֡
̫̫ĵ˼ǲ뱻˷ֱ±Ǿţţбӡ̫̫һгҲʢ±ĶˣҲˡ
ĵؿһᾰ˵һлл
ᾰװӣţسߣ·ȷʵسǵԱǣԱǱĵţЪЪţһţѾˣʹͷ
ᾰȻصسǡ
תͷᾰ˵ȥ޳
ᾰ˵ҽ˳ɡ
֪֪ص±
ᾰͷΪ֪±гվ·ߵġ
лл˵
߰ɡ
ᾰͬʱܿ˿״ţȥ޳Уĵؾ͹ս˺еһͬתתģҪеĺͬˣԶԶؿȺΧסĽ˳ߴߴ˵ͣ
û±˰
鰡
㲻˵𣿡
ʲôʱ±
ȵʮȥɣ
ʮȥ˭±

˳ʵҲûа취ˣ޲ûȥ±Լˣһн׶ںҹУȥĻǻ˺ĵģ֮ʱһϤĺ˳
˳תͷһϲõغϴ󡣡
ᾰվںͬ˵һ
ã˳ˬӦһתͷ͹˿˵һЩǸĻŲȺᾰܣվᾰߣͿᾰģǿ˾ȿѵĹһ㣬˷ܵش󺰣ģ
Ц
ôˣ
±ˡ
±Ķ˳ĲˣϽţϿ̲סͽҿӵһǣӵ±ϲʣЩǴģ
ĵͷ
Ǻãھȥ˳ô±ˣȴû±϶ˣºˣ¿Խˣһһʴӣʣһʴӡ
ֻûȥᾰѾץסˣ˵Һͽ˳ȥš
ĻӦᾰ˳Ѿ߳˺ͬᾰĳӻ̫̫ţҲûǰ̫̫Ž˳ᾰ
һУѻʴͷһ⿪е˶˰ѶΧסҪ±Ҫ±ģǮƱ
κе̫̫⸱ĳҲ̾ѣ۾Ҳû뵽±˺֪ͶһЩˡ
ʮӣ˳ᾰſյĻʴӻˣ˳˷ܵ죬˵ˣ̫ˣҸ˵ǧҲתۼ
ҾҲǡᾰӻ
ЦЦ˵ˣȴȥȥʲôģͣǶǼҳԷ
˳˵˵̫ˣ
˵Ҳ
˳£ǵ׼ͥĸʦʱʱܵܲ˳ӽȥɻ߲Բ˵ү·ᾰ֮󣬰ᾰ˼£׬˵ǮܿͻҽԺˡ
ֱġ
ĵպܺãںкܳ㣬ԴԴϵ룬Ǯˣĸ׻ܳԱˣޱȵظлġ
˿˵һڣ֪Ǻˡ
Ľ˵һֵģ˵á
̫̫˵ǰ˶ֶð
ᾰͷ˵ţһɡ
˳ۿһºˡ
ᾰĽ˳ļ
˳ͷ
˵ˣȥ硣
һ˲Ÿ߳ͬ˳Ȼһã
ᾰһʣôˣ
˳ʣ±ˣڳʲô
ģ
ᾰ
лҪ˵лл414659232׺ʹIС1
㻹һ

 35 


ʮ£
±, ҽ㻹Žһ䡣
ˡ˵
Ϊʲôʡ
±Ҫ϶ˡ
򰡡
ˡ
Ҳˡ
̫̫ĬȻ
ᾰ˳㿴ҿ㣬ͻȻꡱһЦ˳Ϊ±æ˺óһʱ, Ǹˡ
, ǾȻԲ±
ôأЦʡ
ҲС˳˵
ᾰ˵ȥ򡣡
򲻵, ҿһּ򵥵±˵
ʲô򵥵±˳ᾰʡ
֥±
Ǿͳ֥±˳ǳƶ˵գ
УȥЩʲôİɡ
, ̡
˳ʮڿؽӹţ, ̫̫˺ͬǰֹſڼˣŵ綼򲻵˺, ˳תͷ˵, Ҫ, ϶򲻵
, ȥɡ˵
ȥ, ȥҽԺȡаɡᾰӻ˵
Ŀͷ˵á
ᾰ˳뿪
̫̫ȥҽԺ, ĸ첲ָĺܺ, Ҳûʲô֢ҽȥ˼а, ɵҪ˦첲
˦ĸϽֹ˵ҽ˵ʱܾ˶
ԹԵصͷ
ĺ̫̫ȥһ, ЩƷʲôģǸȥɼƻõѾˡ
ڹſһ, ȥӪ꿴ܶͷ̫̫Уָ̫̫һ롣
·߿㣬ᾰͽ˳ˣŲ⣬ŵţϣᾰг޺ˡ
ĶԽ˳˵˳ھͻȥ׼ʱһҪһ¹
˳Цŵͷ
һû¶ģ˿
ã˳ĵӦ
Ǿͻȥˡ
ټ
תᾰ
ᾰ˵Ȼȥɣһе¶ȥ
ĵͷ
صɽ֮ûǮƱ׼Ƚ˳֮˿ᾰ˳Ĳˣ⡢⡢㡢۲ˣǷḻ
ػЩˡ
׼ʢ
֮ľͿʼæµǰתǽ棬ͷûʺʺʺŴ׷±ڶŰ±ѹ⣬һ֥󣬱һԷ͡
һ⣬ûոɾƤϵëˢϴɾг˿ĩ۲ˡлըζ͡Ρ͸ż룬衣
һζ۲ڶɣغ棬̫̫ҪʱᾰҲǰˣԼҲӣ̫̫ǰ̫̫ѧϰֻӡ
Emmmӵļ治ôһȼһ̫̫һֱŴЦݡ
ȥʮֺг
ڳһնƬ㡢ϣﶼŻֵķΧ
׼һá
˳ͽ˳𻪾ˡ
ǵһμ𻪣𻪸еȣݵģȥûʲôɣЩнɢһ֪ʶϢƵģʦӣ뵽˽˳ɡ
𻪿ĺЦЦ̫̫к
̡òػһ
˵ãҳ˳ἰ㣬Ǹл㣬߳Է
Ц˵ô˵˳ҺܶæҪȻҲ׬ǮܶԲء
Լ˳ЩͷȻ˵ҶˣԼԼ˰Ǹģܰʲôæ
ջɣҳˡ
֣˳Ͻȥջ
ʮ۵ߣӣˮϴ֣̫̫Աһӡ
ƿ浹ˮˮһһ˵سĩᶹǡСĢ㶹೴ܲ˿Ƭ
Щ֮ĽѾͺõ±ϣյͬʱҲѸոհõĽڵĴ
ûһһֵĽƯˮϣĽһһʢ±Ļš
ĺһԷˣᾰ˳Ͻؽ˲˶˷ģƬ֮ԺķϾͰ˷˺ͽӡ
ܹЩֱݳ޲ݳˣ̫̫ûôһ죬ⶼĵŬжۿˡ
ͣ̿ˮ
˳𻪶Ĵж
ᾰġ
кŴң̲סɿһ˵ڣԲӣһãһԵ֣ϣԺܹһԲԲġ
ã˳˵˵úã
԰ɳ԰ɡ̫̫˵һλкҳԷÿӣ԰ɳ԰ɡ
ԳԳԡ
һ˿ӣһ¹£ʢһһ˵߶ϵ£Ŀ±Ҳôֻ࣬δϣ
˵
Ȱ𻪰ķſúδõģǵģ׿ʼ߷ſһжἫõģĲܸ𻪵ˣԼĻȥǡ
һõԲڡϣн
ɫҲѾˣᾰһѽ˳͵·ϣŽ˳г뿪Ĳ׿ᾰ˵ҪллڻָᾰгԱ±ڵ顣
ᾰЦЦû˵
ˣȥɡ̧ߡ
ᾰ˵ģҲлл㡣
תʣлʲô
лķܺóԡ
֪ܺóԡ
ţ˺ܿġ
ʳ˺ܿġ
ʵ㣬ҾͺܿġᾰƲסص˵
ʲôûʡ
ᾰԼ鲻Խ˵һЩϽҵز˵˵лл㡣
Ӧлл㣬ôΣҪҿ϶㡣˵
áᾰͷ
߰ɣȥɡ
á
ĸᾰţߵ·ʱͬʱͣ˵˼仰Իؼң˭ûע⵽ǽǴվŵ캺ƽ캺ƽްؿˣȭͷգĿ䵽ϡ
ĸûп캺ƽص˼У̫̫Ѿѹʰˣ̫̫̫̫˵˼ůĵĻ
춼رۣϴͻصԼ䣬Ȼ±Ǯˣˣиţ˳ʱɡ
ɵϣûһ˯ˣԺ˴磬ϰҹϡ°ҹҪηɡ
ʵҲͦõģӷѿǲҪ̫ˣôţžʹž죬ڶͽ˳ҪϢһ죬¶
һ˯
̫̫Ժžͱߵˡ
·Ϳ˳˫ˮȶɫȴʮأ˵ģ¶ˣ
һˣʣʲô¶
֪ķˣ
лҪ˵

 36 


ʮ£Ҫȥס
֪ķˣȻʡ
˳ͷţ
һʲôʱ¶
˳˵һСʱǰ¶
ûĸϽ, һСʱǰǴҺ˯ʱ򣬷ˣҪ
ûС˳˵
ǿһ飺û
ûУ˳ƶ˵ҸղȥˣҶܺá
һ, Ųʣúõķ, ôģ
˳˵ӦϷ紵ġ
Ŀ飿Ĳ, ֮ǰʱ֪һЩȷʵϾһЩ
˳ش𣺡֪, ϴķҲˡ
֪ķҲˣľȡ
ţ˳ͷ
֪ô
ϴܺ, ڷҪʱ˲Ծɶ㿪ˣҲ֪ˡ˳˵
ڶĶ
֪ʰء
ҵȥ˿ɲС, ££˳ͷ, תͷԽ˳˵Щ͵, Ȼȥ, ȥ֪㿴
˳˵Һһȥɡ
С̷, ˵һϳô죿ϴҶ̫ã㻹ǻȥ, ٹ
˳ͷӦ
ĺ̫̫˵һ, ̧֪㡣
֪ǸԺӡ
Ժǰ֪ᣬŮ֪ᡣ
ʱŮ֪úõǶ, ֪䷿ǽƤˣ¶שաȵ, Ա߶֪ŵӡӡ·ЬӣѾʪˣһƬ, Ǹոȳġ
ӳӳᾰ캺ƽüͷ̮ķӡ
ӳǰһ
Ҳˡӳͷ˵
šĿᾰСʣû¶ɣ
ûСᾰüͷչػһ
һԵ캺ƽ״ɫ˳
ѯʴӳӳô
ӳָһ֪ᣬ˵ЩѾʮˣǽ嶼û⣬ǷЩÿ궼ռӹһ£ֹ©ˮ֮ġ
ķӺͺĸֽһķӴɵġ
ǽ嶼̡ܼ
Ψһ©̵ݶҪÿÿ껻һգ©ˮʴǽ壬̮Ĳʣûռӹ̣
ûСӳʵش
Ϊʲô
ղӳ˵ÿӵޣҲޣŮ֪Ǳ߷ҲҪӹ̣ȽŮ֪Ǳߣ·ݾӹߣӦòµģû뵽顣
ô죿
ӳĬĬ˵һ°ɡ
ĵͷ
ŴӳӳͼǷԱһԺӣ֪֪ķʱ޲ˣľ嵹ãȱա
ʱֻܰѰ˸֪లŵԱоס
ӣգ˷ӣܰĸͳһ֮󣬴ӳϹʱ֪˵Ա
ԱǶڴµôȡ
ϾˣĶǷϵľͷӡʲôġ
һ¶Σա
ǹĵǴӳôŰ˸֪࣬ӳҪ˸֪סԱǼС
ԱһҪ֪࣬˭ϲһ˰عӣͻȻ˸ˡ
ܹǲġ
ӳ֪ˣѾ֯һס֪ϣҼ硱Žһ¡Ϊ񡱣ܶȵ˵ǣ˵ǽһ䡣
Ķĳˡ
ò˵ӳ̫ʺϵӵĴӳպһס
˵֮ԱǺ֪ǵ϶˱仯ӳ˵Ϊ֪ṩסԱͥ׼ٹ֡
ٹֲࡣ
ɽһͬ־һǧңŮͬ־ǧңڰԱ˵Ƕջ
һ
˸֪Ҳ֪ԼҪסԱˣס˭á
ӳûм˵ȥøԱ֪˼ʱ䣬ҲҪ͸ӳļǷԱһ£ôȽϺʣǴһϹɡʱ¶ǳ
ԱǸɻ֮󣬴ӳѸӳġǷԱһѡ˸Աͥ
ӳ˵ֱԱǽ֪࣬϶Ը
Ҹͷ˾ˡǷԱ˵
ӳ˵Ϊӳҵһ֪࣬ð
ӳҷӲడǷԱ˵
Ӹүү˯ˡӳ˵Ϳճһ䷿ˡ
Ƕ༷
Ҳͼ꣬Ҷһ£һգ͸֪޷ˡӳ˵ʱûˡ
ҲһɡǷԱ˵
Ҳһӳ˵
⻰ӳ˵˵ӳͱˣһûҼҿԣء
ӳͷҲͲټ֡
ӳ˵Աңʣ֪Ϳˡ
á
ľ͸ŴӳԱͥ˳Ѱ˸֪ԸҲһһļƻ
ᾰסӳУ캺ƽסǷԱУ֪ҲԵԱͥǵļƻ
ʱǻԱͰ˸̸֪һ̸ȷôž͵¹ʱ䡣
ӳ˵ãôţһ㣬ʱǿҪѵ࣬һԱԱԱǡ
˵ͷ
Ŀʱ䣬ˮⶼû׼뿪ˣӳǷԱ뿪ӳһ߳ӵİ칫ңҪʱ캺ƽ˽
֪ࡣӳЦŴкôˣ
캺ƽ˵ӳе¶
ʲô¶ӳʡ
ӳǼ֪סź𣿡
ӳͷ˵ˡ
סĸԱ
֪ģӳҲû˵ۣʱסǷԱУҲͰ㣬һպãǾ͸ǰ޺ˣʱҶһ㣬δõġ
캺ƽûܴӳЩӰ죬ʣļ˭ס
ļңӳʵʵ˵ҲڿǷΧ֮ڡ
ΪʲôҼǵļҷͦģͷӶԣɽطԣһ㣬סļ𣿡캺ƽֱ˵˵ҲҲͦѵԸÿùָ⡣
⡢⡭²СӳΪѵ˵
ΪʲôУ캺ƽʡ
֪ģļҾˣϵʮ̫̫СҲʮ꣬һûСӳŰ֪ʱûаļҿڵģ˵͵סһˣ̫á
ӳҼǵļм񷿣ǸԺģ֯ϰסǼ䷿ӣ϶˵ʲô˵ˣҺĵƷҲӦεģ󣬴ӳҲ֪ļͥѣÿййʵģҲܽһļҵѡ
⡢⡢⡭ȷʵѣΪֹĴ·Ů֪ǲһأӳԥ
ӳҲԸҡ캺ƽּôһ䡣
лҪ˵㻹һ

 37 


ʮ£
治֪ӳʵʵ˵
ǿһĵ캺ƽ˵
ӳʵڲĽ֪, 캺ƽ˵ЩȲӦ캺ƽ˵ãҵ, Ͼǻ, кܴķȨ
š캺ƽͷ
̫ϣӳ˵Ͼļ, ҲҪΪԱͥһ¡
ӳ˵ǡ캺ƽ˵
֪໹б𣿡ӳʡ
ûˣŴӳˡ
û¶, ¶Ǵ໥۵, ˣߣȥԷɡӳ˵
š
ӳ߳ɽԺӡ
캺ƽ
˭ûע⵽ǽèŵҲǸոշѧ, зѧϰ, ԺԱ֦, Ͻܹȥȥ, Ժᵽġ, ֦Сߵſ, ſŷ￴
캺ƽ
캺ƽ, 캺ƽҪסԼ캺ƽ, ޲óȥ캺ƽһȭ
֪СС򲻹캺ƽ
ûǰ, ϸϸ캺ƽʹӳжԻҲټ֦ˣ֦, ػصң̫̫
ôˣ̫̫Ĳˡ
أʡ
أ¶
û¶Ƶ˵
ôˣ
̲ס˵ڣ캺ƽҪסǼң
캺ƽ̫̫һ캺ƽ֣;ʣ˭˵ģ
ģ
Ķģôӳ̫̫߳ĶԻ
΢ؿһۡ
ʣ˭˵캺ƽҪסǼҵģ
Ƶ˵Լ˵ġ
˭˵ģ
ӳ
ӳô˵ģ
Ȼ캺ƽʵʵذԼղ˵̫̫
˵֮󣬺̫̫һ۲ĵķӦ
üͷ˵Ҳͬס
㲻ͬ⣿̫̫һȵʡ
Ȼͬ⣡˵Ҷ˵ˣڿˣ
̫̫ͬʱһ
ʣô죿ڷҪסǼҡ
¶˵ò㣡Ĳõ˵
˭˵㣿
˵㣡ӳ֪סԱʱľûб̬
Ϊ⣬֪ΪϵϣССסһİʵڲʡ
ƴӳҲôģ֪пշӣҲû֪ס
벻캺ƽж
̫̫
̫̫ʣһӳ캺ƽסأԺһֱţǵˣҪġ֪ʵʱ򣬾ӦðѲ񷿸Ȧֵʱ«έȻҲûô¶ˡ
̣ûйϵģǲҪ𡣡˵շӷҪ֪סĻ˭סǲ캺ƽס
֪סͻȻ
Ĳؿ
С˵֪˺á
ϲ֪ࣿ
ͷ
Ŀ̫̫ʣ̣أ
̫̫˵Ҳ֪಻ͽ˳ϵҲãԺҪҲԼ˾Ͳˡ
Ե˵ͷ˵ãǾ֪ס
ӳͬ𣿡̫̫ǵʡ
ģ¶а취
̫̫ǲ̫ġ
ʱ¶ŵһߣ̫̫緹緹ʣµ۲ڶֺһһҹľã۲ڶζˣԵͷ̫̫Ҳ롣
һ˳Եıġ
˯һ͵Ϲѧʱ䡣
һӰ칫ңӳͺ˵캺ƽ뷨ʾĿԾܾҲ֧ľܾ
Ц˵֪˵Ķԡ
ӳȡ
˵֮ǰû뵽ҼҲ¶صҺ̺˵԰Ѳʰһ֪ࡣ
Ǽûס˵Ļ
µģһԺءЦ˵Ҳ˵ˣҪΪЩײС
̾Ǹ߰ӳ˵
ҲôΪҲ˵ˣָһ֪ס̫ãƽ˵
ô㹫ƽ
ץΡ
ץΣ
ԣ֪ץΣץһҾһңԵֲ֣ñˣӳأ
УҲץΣôˣ
ʣԱ˵𣿡ʡ
һһȥԱԱ
У
ĴӳӳͼǷԱͷ·ȥԱͥǶ˵˵һ磬˵ԱңϴӳҡǷԱҺļңǰ˼ңӦ˸֪ࡣ
Ҫ¹ʱӳټɽӵȫԱ֪ǣ˷֣žͿʼʽʾԱѡ˰˼Ϊ飬طļͥΪ֪ṩס
û飿ӳʡ
ûУһ𺰡
ôǲץƣҲûɣ
ɽӵԱ˵ץϤҲΪƽķʽӦûУ
캺ƽȴüͷⲻҪķʽҪʮþȵסļУúദֳԵץΣ鵽زֻýΣһҪץסĵ֡
ôǿʼӳ˵Żƣд֡
áڵϣڵǰԲʣһһд
ӳһֽ֪סԱͥľӳ󣨼ǷԱǮһԶˡСܡԾšġ
ģ
һԱǶˣ˭Ҳû뵽ļһһ䷿ӳӳ֪һôȣԭ򣬰ĵļͥ˵ףθ̫̫٣Աӳ
ΪԱ֪밡
ԱǷ׷ģҲһҪĳеһҼڼһҷӣ֪óһ䣬ǶǸмġ
ᾰȴ͵̧ģסķˣ֪ӳᰲסԱУǰҲģѡ磬Ҳͽĸˡ
ҲסļңżϵϣССһסĻõĻвõĴԣνס˭ˣû뵽ͻȻóһ䷿ˡ
ԲԸġ
̾뵽캺ƽת캺ƽȻһ䣬Ƿ͸һı壬һֱĿ캺ƽоһ󷢺
캺ƽʶؿȥÿᾰĿ⣬һϸᾰȴʲôҲˣԼǴ
ᾰѾġ
̧ͷᾰ峺΢΢һЦָڵ¡
ᾰһ
캺ƽҲˣһֱעеĶ
ˣڰеֶŴСͬķ飬֪ǰ˸һץһӳ˵ţѰ˸鶼һУŵᾰ캺ƽǰ
˸ɫķ飬һСһʲôᾰ캺ƽûзʲôͬ˭Ҳûץ
֪ץȥĸͷһӳǮһԶľ֡
ͬʱһ
ĵûбץߡ
ĸأ
ᾰ캺ƽûп
ᾰ캺ƽһضĸһģһķ飬ͬʱдʱĲͬһ뵽ӵָĿһμڴС
ᾰɫƽȴޱȣô󣬴ûһôţôѡѾʼðǿ򶨡
캺ƽŵĺѾˣʵڲ֪ĸĵΣת۲ᾰ
ᾰܿ뵽ġ֣бʻ࣬ôֽϣһ΢۾ϸϸؿţڿһϿŨصӰ
һϲȥץͬʱȻһֻֿץסǸ顣
һ
ᾰתͷ캺ƽ
캺ƽᾰЦˣҡҡеķ飬ƲסNɪ˵Բԣ
ᾰ΢΢üǳǳЦ⣬ӢĲ񻰣Ȼ³֣ԡ
лҪ˵

 38 


ʮ£
ԣ
캺ƽ, ղһֱдΣĶһһذ˵д˸ֻСġֱʻ࣬ôڹյ, һγɰӰŨġ
еķǰӰŨġ
϶ûô
ᾰװǻơ
Ϊᾰ, ᾰЦЦ, ز𷽿飬ŽϾͿסļ, ֹסĿġ
ǰĵĺ, ĵˡ
ӽԺһúúദĴ
ôţڸǲסļϲ, ֶЩ
𷽿ĶӼˡ
š, չ
ֵһɲ, סˡ
Ǯһ
Ǯһ
ΪʲôǮһ
ĵİ
ŵؿᾰ
ᾰѾӴȡһ, , ֵɲ˵Ц⣬캺ƽ, Դᾰпȥ
ᾰûж㿪, 󷽷ظ캺ƽ
֡ģȻ캺ƽ, 캺ƽ˶һվԭ, ôҲ벻ͨᾰô֡ġģɻؿġ
ɫƽתӳ
ӳߵᾰ캺ƽ˸ǰᾰסļ, 캺ƽסǮһңֱ֪סСܼҺ˼ҡ
°˸֪඼׵ˡ
ӳҲˣ˵˵ôǾ͸ʰһ£͸λŽѰܶ
Ա֪һӦ
ˣ¹ӳһ
Ա֪Ƿ׷뿪
캺ƽǶԭأһãȻȻʲôһץסᾰʣô֪ץĲģ
ᾰͣ캺ƽ
캺ƽʣǲʹթˣ
ᾰЦЦûС
ûУΪʲô׼ȷץĵΣ
ұȽġ
ܣ϶ʹթˡ
캺ƽᾰɫһ캺ƽ˵һ䣬£Ҫˣʳ
˵꣬ᾰ˦캺ƽ֣뿪
캺ƽվԭأֱֱؿᾰıӰᾰݻʲô˼Լʲôֻᾰǿĵı֡
ᾰˣ
뷨캺ƽǳˬͺԼĶռһתͷȥģѾȻϢ뿪ûйӵŭ̧ž˵ʯͷ
֪ʯͷ֮еģûߵʯͷ۵ĽֺͷŽʹﻹᾰģʱѾص˼С
Ͻӭʣ㣬֪಻סǼˣ
ԡĵͷ
֪סǼң
û
̫ˣǲϣĺ캺ƽκιϸ
Ц
㣬ôģ
챣ӵġ˵
챣Ӻˡ
ûߣǰѲʰһ£ӭ֪ࡣ
á
һڳԺӣѲĲһһԺˣеİ˳ɨ񷿵ʱᾰгˡ
֪࣡ӭӡ
֪ͣггϵıӡ·ӵȵʣڸʲô
ڸɨ䡣
ԼɨͿˡᾰϽ߽񷿣󣬵ǲɹⲻǰӰѿռ˲٣泤ڲסˣ֩һɳ¾֮ĶҶ֦֮ģ̫̫ɨ
ҽѾɨˡ˵
ᾰϽǰ̫̫Ͻӹɨ˵̣ЪŰɣɨɨˡ
û¶ҲǶ۵Ļ̫̫Ҫɨ㡣
ᾰŲ˵ģҲЪŰɣɨˡ
ᾰɨء
ļᾰɵģ˵УɨأȥЩɱֽǽǽ涼ģʱʱһЩһЩļͥŪһЩɱֽѲǽס
ᾰ˵ľܻԼķ䣬ҳһɱֽ˽񷿣һᾰķ˱ֽһľ崲ŵ˺ʵλá
ᾰպɨ˵أյķֻһŴûоüªеޱȵů
ʱҲˡ
ĸյú͵ƣ˳͹ˣ˳û뵽ԼϴסļУĵĲˣҪȥس¹ӳһףף
ʲôӣﶼ÷ˡ̫̫߹˵һ԰ɡ
һ԰ɡ˵
ᾰ˳ûп
İᾰʰӵʱ̫̫˺ǲһĺ۲ҶӣΣŪһҰ
Ȼϲܺıȣζǲġ
ᾰĸ˳Եķǳ
̫̫֮ȥϴ롣
ᾰȥʰ񷿡
Ž˳Щ±Ǯ˳ȥɱ˰ٿǮ
˰ٿǮ
˳۾ʣİ˰ٿ飿
ĵͷ
Ҳ̫ˣ
˰ٿǮֻġ
ҲöడⱲûмôǮ˳˵ʵǰĶԲˣᾰ֮˷츲صı仯
İ
һйһĹʣʮ׬ˣĲˡ
˶ʮŴŽ˳
ĴŽᵽϣ˳۾һ¾ͺˣؿ˵ģлл㡣
лңԼı¡
ˣúøɣԺԽԽõġ
˳ǧĸжȴ˵ֻĬĬģ˳ⱲĶˣһжһ䣺š
ˮ
֪
ˣ²
У˳ڶˣ˵ʲôʲô
УǾȥɡ
á
˳ļҵԺӳֱȥᾰĲ񷿣ѾʰĲࡣ
Ȼľ崲ľӣľӣһпȥļ࣬Ȼס֪㻹ʣ˳佱һᾰҫԼ׬Ǯҫ˺һ̵뿪ļҡ
ļһ°
ġ̫̫ΧһǮţֱһֱֱ̫̫ضЩǮһ̫̫ŷӦϽİǮ˵СģǶ׬ôǮˣԺˡ
ġꡱһЦˡ
Щǻˡ̫̫˵
̣ŶǮһǧǮˣǸ׼׼ĸţǹ˼꣬һǧǮͲǮˣʹ˲¶ˣ϶ɽգҲ÷̫̫Ц˵ǰЩǮţ׬Ǯǲǰôƴˣòã
̫̫֪ľҲûаѻ˵ˡ
ЩǮʱԱǻɡЦ˵ȵʱӷǮʱһڶ·
̫̫һͷ
ˣ˯ɡ˵
ˣ֪Ǳߺûˮ̫̫˵
ȥ˯ɣȥˮ
УҲ˯
֪ˡ
̫̫ȥ˯ˣȥˮȥ˲񷿣ᾰڷﶤ˩ӣ߽˵ʰˡ
ᾰͷ˵ţˡ
ˮƿӦûˮ˰ɣҸһƿ
ллᾰ˵
İˮƿŵϣ˵Ϣɡ
˵̧Ҫߡ
ġᾰһ
Ļͷᾰ
ᾰ˵ллṩס
Ц˵ңɽӸṩס
㡣ᾰƶ˵
üʣôҵģ
ץ֮ǰƿһۣͬסҡ
Ȼأ
ȻдεʱԲдһһдĺ棬дĺƽʱĺܿٵдּ֣ҲǷǳģᾰ֪ģ˵עʻ
졣
ᾰ˵ġڶбʻģʾҿʻҲ֪ʻ¶ܼ򵥣캺ƽ϶Ҳ뵽һرϡ
ʲôϣ
ڡǮһǮ͸ֽ캺ƽΪʻǡǮһ
ôģ
͡
ʲôͣ
ͣܽм©ڷһͿһͣδֵ֣˷Ĳͬᾰ˵ǲǣ
ĵݣͦߣվᾰǰʱҪ΢΢̧ͷ˿΢°Ϳᾰ̹̹ػش𣺡ǣܴ
ԣסң
ǡ
Ϊʲô
ΪҲ캺ƽסΪҲ˷˽
ͲҰ¶˵ȥ
㲻ᡣ
Ϊʲôô϶
ֱ
ֱǶԵġ
һЦ
ᾰҲЦˡ
˵˯ɡ
Ҳǡ
ת뿪
ᾰվԭأڷš֨ѽһˣŹϷţŻȻһµĲ񷿣ûİУһֹС
ɵϣŹͺͺǽǽһ߾ģŻϲֱֱؿǽ
ǽһȴûᾰ
ԼĴϣѽǮַڴһ顣
һǧǮ
һǧǮ
ĵرڻڴϴһŷڴϣгްֱƯЬӣֵͲȵȣѽõǰˡ
һһǮװһ̳ȥñҧˣҸʱǮ浽ȥôľͽ硣
ڶϣָֻճӣ֮ͬ󣬾ͿڲסŵᾰЦ˵֪࣬簡
硣ᾰ˵
Է𣿡
ûС
ҪҼҳ԰ɣ
ð
ľԼ˵ǿ
ᾰȴ棬һһļңһҪļҳԺȵӣ֪ʳԱҳסǺձ̫̫ãЩӭᾰ
ΣҲһ緹
緹֮ᾰҪϴˢᾰһ㶼ϣ̫̫ϽסӲᾰƳˣᾰȥϹˡ
̫̫͵͵˵֪⺢治
ҲᾰЩ޹صģվȥϹȥ飬ײ캺ƽĿ⣬װûпӳĻݡ
һͻص˰칫
Ѿ˾պһʱ䣬´˷Ե񡪡ˮĲҪȥڣҪˮ֮ǰͳũģͳһ磬صʱ̫̫ѾʼˣջĲᾰ
һһ⡣
̫̫˵֪ġ
ĬĬգ֪ǴһٶҳԷˡȻر˵Ǿ䡰ҪҼҳԷɡֱǰʯͷԼĽš
̫̫ɽӵķףᾰҲûʲô˵ģͺᾰһԷ
ļᾰʱʱЩ⡢桢۲ˡţ̵ȵȴ
ش
ɽԱһĽģ֪Ҳ֪ˣԣӦᾰˣԸԣҲʱǷɫÿˡ
ʵİظһ˼Ӳ͵µģԱȴΪᾰģûκΪĵҲȻ˵
ᾰɣ˿鲼ӣ˵ķˣҹ⴩·̫̫ڳıů·ԼҲ黨˯¡
ĵ˰ֵͲɰ̫̫滵ˣ˵ֵͲȰ컹ÿǶҪһĿЦãҲøҸ
ʵ϶ණǵʱԼԼĴĬĬظŰɣͽ˳ĺ˳ĺ˳ΨһĿ캺ƽˡ
캺ƽ
캺ƽԴץסǮһҺ춼̫ˣڶôˣĺᾰĺᾰ캺ƽæµš
ˮ¶ʮ˳
Ĵس¸ԱʹãԱ׷׿佱İЧʸߣֱۣҲһۣں˦һһ˦캺ƽϡ
ꡱЦһ
ᾰҲЦ
ɫһ
캺ƽɫˡ
еˮᾰ´ɸﵹˮˮӰ칫ߣڰ칫æµһȥ֪͵ˮʱӭͷ캺ƽ
캺ƽɫؿġ
ĵû̧ߡ
캺ƽġ
תʣʲô¶
Ŀᾰˣ
ģϴζ˵ῴκˣ캺ƽֱǳԵĽˮմ˾ͲˣĲ˵طʣʲô¶
Ȼǣ캺ƽ˵
أ
캺ƽҧгݵ˵֪֪ᾰ׶
Ȼأ
Ȩ˼ңɽˣˡ
ŶʲôҪ˵ģޱʡ
㡪캺ƽûеõҪķӦƽģŻҲƲסԼһסĵĸ첲˵ģ㵽ôˣ֮ǰúõģΪʲôͻȻˣˣعںãԺ󶼶ãòã
֡Ĳõ˵
Ҳš
֡
ҲţҴˣԺҲˡ
ٲ֣Ը˵
Ϊ㣬ʲôԸ⸺캺ƽ˵
˵
캺ƽץĵ

캺ƽû֡
һĻһ䣬زץס캺ƽĸ첲ʹһ첲һһƯĹˤžһ캺ƽ˦ˣ˵˵˶ٱ飬û˼û˼˻캺ƽȷظ㣬ĥĥߴߴģҸå
캺ƽʯڵһҲûô𾪹
˦˦첲һתԶᾰ
ᾰһؿġ
лҪ˵

 39 


ʮ£ɡ
ᾰô
Ķ˶, ȻᾰˣǾͿɣˣҲͲºˡ
ϵˮ, վֱ, 󲽴ᾰ߾, ȥᾰ캺ƽô𾪵ı飬ˮ, һĸղŵŭ, Цݵذɻ֪൹ˮ
ллŻư
Żû֪డ
ˮˡ
Żư
֪˵ЦһſˮصУ̫̫ûл
һˮĴ
ƽʱ̫̫ϴ·ʱ, ˮ, ϴ·, ʼϴ
ϴʱ, ᾰ, ̧һۣԼղ̵캺ƽᾰ, ô, Ͳ
ϴ·ᾰ˵ˡ
šĵӦһϴõĴ̳
šᾰϴ֡
, ԼԡʱԵúúȵú˯úãһЩ, Ͽȥݸ߸ߵģһŮӵӣϸ˫ץʪĴ, һšһˮУ˫ԳĻȡ
šᾰ˵Ƚ
ĿᾰǺû
ᾰע˵öԡ
ķʣָʲô¶
ᾰ˵ѵ캺ƽѵöԣ
תͷᾰ˽⣬һ˶άˣŮԵΪҪŮӦĸ͵ĲŶԣᾰûУʣҴ³𣿡
ᾰ˵á
ҲνĲںؽһ䣺ҡ
ţ㣬ͦõġᾰ˵
ͦã㲻Ǻ캺ƽϵܺõ𣿡ʡ
˭˵ģᾰʡ
֮ǰǻһȥӪԷᾰκ˵ʱ캺ƽء
˳·ѡ
Ϊǹϵܺء
һ磬̸Ϻܺãʶᾰ˵ż˵仰
Ŷ
ĵӦһšɵĴ˦ӣչҲ֪ΪʲôᾰⷬԻĪذ˺ܶ࣬ûʲôڻطɣоԼȷޱȡ
˴ûٺᾰ˵ת˳ʼ׼緹ûһ̫̫ͻˣһֺᾰһ緹
ȥϹʱּ캺ƽˣ캺ƽûаϣҶ֪֣¡åʵ˺ܶࡣ
⡣
վһ⣬һƣܿˮںˣˡ
ʳߣӼӣȫԱ֪Ƿ׷µذǺӣˮӽǰæµ
ʱСӶܵæǺ
˵ĺ֮£ȫǳˣľͽرæµ״̬ÿ춼һţһţĺ͵ԱУ˲£ĵţһֻ̥ˡ
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ţϹʱȰѻꡣ
ӳͷ˵á
Ĳٹ¶תؼߣûең֪࣬סˡ
ãӡᾰ
ڸʲô
߽ԺӣվڶѳСɽĺǰؽӺʣڸʲô
תͷ˵ˣڴÿԱյ󣬶ȴڵؽУк󣬾ͿʼкƬɹĥ棬Աõش档
ӣˤġˤĺ׷ù˾˼пļģϧ֮ʳһʳۣҲ˸Ⱦ
Ц˵ģ֪ڵؽء
ᾰڵؽ
ĳؽѴһ
ᾰ˫ְסؽѵĶڣͦε̽壬һЦ˵ˡ
šӦ
ˮһɡ
ĵӦһˡһᾰؽˣžͿֿʼؽӺˣתȥ̫̫緹
緹õʱᾰѾѺתƽ˵ؽ
ᾰϴֳԷᾰһƬûм˭ôѯʣô֪ôã
Ϊ֪˺ðʡ
ôˣ
Ҽ̣񣬻̴ˮ֪رǼӹӶ޺ˣҲˣĵ˵
תͷһɲԺˣرæȻ飬ĵذԼС䣬Ӵͷͷ£һ˵֪ģ
ľȣô
֪ģرţкöö£ϴȥ֪ˤһˤˣ֪޺ˣ֪ģ˵˵ӢʦģᣬкöĹ£ӢۣҳˣҲӢۣ
˸ųݵĹâ
ľԼֻæ˰£Ǵ˺ܶһ̫̫ᾰ˳ۣϲͳᾰˡ
⵽׷ʲôˣ
ؿ
С˵㣬̣Ȼ̻ģҾͻ֪ġ
СģֵֿɰȫûСʮ谮һеĺڻļ󣬿ôϲᾰԸȫͷ˵ãҲ̣źˣҪŪˡ
ͷ絷⣺ţ
СԴ˵ܹѧϰһȥ˯ɡ
š
ЦӦţ˴
תԼķ䣬˯֮ȥϹˣ⼸촦飬ϵͳһ飬Ӱ칫ҵʱ룬¹һʱ䣬ȥس̥˳ҲӣԷ㿴ʱ䣬Ҳһӡ
гȥ̫̫˵һгȥسǡ
Ա׷Ľ̫̫
ẓ̇ииôбµŮ
ǰб£´ûд
Ƿûıÿˡ
ɲڹָˣﹻˣˮˡ
ǰĳÿ
żи

̫̫˵šûûСｾأŮԽԽˡ
һԵֱۣľǸ꾫רŹƻģƻ캺ƽʧǵġ
úÿƨ֣Ǹãϴģ̫̫ۣ̫̫ûпڣ΢ЦԱ졣
ˣûôæˣ͵³꣬غȺˮˣ̫̫һһ߸ɻȻˣү飬Ҫˣֻиˡ
ԱǿĵĲˡ
¹ʱһϣˮ¶ٶ٣ӵĳɳ̫̫ҲһЩоԱţص֮󣬷Ļûл
ȥĶˣʡ
ȥس̥ˡ̫̫˵
ôڻ᲻갡Сüͷʣܲôѽ
̫̫ɵõų·ֲĴ·Ͽһˣ̫̫żʱҲЩż
ڴ·гߣ˵ǵùţĳ̥ҲʱӺһЩС׼˻ʱ䣬쵽ˣг̥ûˡ
ۿźѹϾͻһ꣬һξܵңͷ̥Ҳ֪ĳ̥ˣĥˡ
Ȼ¡һһͷ̧ͷȥһƼһѷ죬ʧԵĩһ谵
£
ɫˣоԼĹ¶һӱĹµӱļįŬɢгٵسǰߣĿȥһɫӰ
˭ʱǸߴӰϤ
ᾰ
ģᾰ
֪࣬ôľȵʡ
㡣
ңĸˣʣҵģ
ǣԼġᾰ˵ɫɡͷͬʱžһһĵУתͷᾰ
һᾰôᾰԶҪÿ壬۾Ϊ䣬⣬һ˿͸С
г̥ˣᾰг̥ʡ
šĻӦ
ơᾰһֻ֡
ĸϽ˵ãԼƣҲصġ
УҸɡᾰûм֣ĿؿŴɫµģʣ䲻䣿
лҪ˵ҽԺһЩ¶Խôһˣ˫


 40 


ʮ£ѧ
䡣Ļһ
Ǿͺáᾰʣӵ𣿡
ˡĻش
һҪȥ𣿡
, ֱӻؼҡ
š
ᾰ˲ӣӭġ
гǰţбһ㳯ߴкɫɡ, תͷᾰ˵лл, ᾰ߼¶ڷ, ƲŷɡǳƫĵسԼбᾰ֪ࡣ
ţᾰġ
ˡ
û¶
ɡԳбһ㡣
Ҫ, һܵûϵġᾰЦ˵һ·г, 
ôֻһɡʡ
ᾰ£˵ֻһɡ
ûȥҼã
ûڡ
Ĳʣ̺أ
ᾰǰ˵һصҵʱ¹ûл
֪Ҳûлˣ
šᾰͷһɡ㡣
ĲʣΪʲôҪң
ˡᾰ˵
ĺһǳǳ, ƽĺ, ʣ˾Ͳܸ, 𣿡
ᾰûش, ˵ܡ
, лл㡣˵
ᾰûпءšһ, Ȼؽĵл, ûʲô, غᾰţҪصҵʱ, Ϳ̫̫һ˶һʴӣһɡ
, ĺһ
㣡ĵش󺰣Ҫȥ㡣
ˣ·֪ˣǿ
̫̫Ͻ
֪гŽİг̥˵̫̫
̫̫ᾰ϶ˮϽߴٶȥ壬ˬ·òˣĿɲŪˮϴ˸裬ϸˬ·
ٴʪ·ᾰᾰ֪ʲôʱгڵϣ̥˳ô쵶ڲ̥ССԱ߿ļ棬ʱʣ֪࣬ʲô
쵶֪ش
쵶ΪʲôҪ̥
ΪýˮõذѲϡ
ŶŶŶͣصͷ
̥𣿡ʡ
ᾰ̧˵ţġ
ܲã
ܡ
ͦࣿ
ᾰЦˣ˵ҲһͦࡣһЦϣеӪ˼
Ļ
Ժ󲻶Ŀҡᾰ˵
ã㲹ɣȥ
ת˳̫̫ǰߣӣҨưۣˮ棬棬ϴ˿˴Ũĸɰ
˵ʱᾰѾг̥ˣĲˡ
֪࣬Էˡ˵
áᾰһӦ
ǰƳγĺɰ۷Ź⣬ᾰɰһ⣬̧ģᡣ
ôˣʡ
Һϲᾰ˵
Ǿͳ԰ɡ˵
ᾰҪ˵ʲôһ̫̫ˣ̰ѻˣӳ⻬ãһˣһֵˣϲˣϲòѣ͵͵ؿһۡ
ҲڿᾰĿഥɲǣᾰĿͻһϽͷӹĸо
֪ʲôо
ڴϣҲ֪ΪʲôĴǸᾰɫ谵гʱӣСܹѹǵӣÿζһ˳֣ɹй¼ŵʱ
һи˳ˡ
ĵӿů⣬ӯļ䣬谵Ĵ⣬ŵδûǰô˸Уر۾
ܿ˯
ڶʣԱǸϢֲĺʱɽæµУæ¶æкɹ
Ҳʱᾰŵ˷顰.Ϣ
Ϣˡ
֪ϢζʲôζһĻ֡ѹֵʱˣҲζԺӻԽԽˣתͷᾰᾰһ
֪ࡣĻһ
ᾰתͷȻһЦ
Ĳ֪ᾰЦǴʲô˼Ǻļͥйϵûж֪ĺҪˣɻ
ԱԼҺɹɺɴʱ쳹׽˶졣
ɽӽũʱڡ
ƽʱҲֻһЩβݡιιţɹݵĻ˶ʱ׼飬͵͵㳦ȵʳһЩ̫̫ı޻ů͵òˡ
̫̫û£ҲûȥɢĹ֣ڼ£˳ҲᾰһһѩˣɽӶһƬ
ĳ緹ȥϹ·ûµ캺ƽڣ˭ûģҲûк˵Ӱ칫ңӳ͸ӳ
ӳӳл𣿡ʣô
ûӳ˵
ղ֪֪ʲô
ǰΪ˹ũѧ¶
ˣ
߿ûлָմѧǴӹũѡʵеǡԸȺƼ쵼׼ѧУϵƼͰ취Ҫ˼ãʵ飬䲻ʮ꣬һĻ̶ȵĹˡƶũսʿɲ
еĵطеʱβ֪࣬еĵطعˣеĵطũ
ɽӲ֪ʶ꣬ں캺ƽǷǳϣģʣдƼŵģ
ԡӳ˵
д𣿡
дˡӳ˵ɽӳѧԺǹҶ֮ţǵĽǿϧˣӴδζƫ֪̫࣬ũ񣬲ȻҵһдƼţһҹд
ллӳЦ˵
Ҳġӳ˵ιũѧûи˵б䶯ء
š
ˣɻɡ
š
û¶ϵĻһСʱʹˣʰһ¶Ӱ칫ҳں캺ƽ
Դ캺ƽϴΰһˤԺҲɧģֿҲζԱߵڷ캺ƽˡ
ҲͲˣ˿·꣬뵽ɽֻԼ캺ƽϹũѧ϶˳׶ѧΪĽĴѧˡ
ĻСɽСƣԶŻĴ·Խ̲סĴкŻƣþò
ؿһۡ
ȥĶʡ
ȥ￴˵
ŶȰذ
ǰʳסýأôܲ
ǡڷһЦ˵ͼɣҾͲܺˣעҪسǵѧ̿ġ
ѧĺʡ
ǰ㲻֪ɣڽ£ͷЦ˵ֻҺͺƽϹũѧҪһƼͽ׶
һ˵
ô֪һ
Ϊũѧܿͻȡ˵
ܣڹ˵
ȡˡᾰ
лҪ˵㻹һ

 41 


ʮһ£
캺ƽͬʱתͷᾰ
ᾰߵߡ
ھԼ, ʣᾰո˵ʲô
˵Ƽʹѧȡˡᾰظһ顣
캺ƽոϵĵһӽסˣһ缸꣬һֱˣܾԼһȡ
һŻسǡ
߰Ƕ, ûа취뿪, Ǽϣڹũѧ硣
ò׵ȵ, ƾȡũѧˣ˸˵Ĳ, ҲԹ, Щʵʵڴӳӳǰرݡ
ΪһƼš
ڴӳƼõˡ
ֻҪҪƼţƾǵ֪ݣͨһμ򵥵Ĳټ򵥵ѧԣͰٷְٿԻص׶
˵ܹѧ׶ѧ
׶ѧ
ֻҪ׶ѧ, Ǿӵвһ, ˵ܵ, Ϊ˸ļ˷ܡ
ᾰȻ˵ũѧȡˡ
Ⱦǲš
ֱʣ˭˵ģ
ﱨġᾰ˵
ȱ˲ŵʱôı캺ƽ, ˵ũѧƶȡ, ʲôȡҲҪ˲𣿡
캺ƽڶΪԼǹ֮ţûǾʧһ
ڽӹ˵û, Ҫǹũѧȡ, Ϊʲôû֪ͨΪʲô֪ൽƼţ
ǲţᾰʡ
š˵
ţȰɡᾰûкǶϻ, תģ˵Ҫȥ𣿡
ĵͷ, ȥӳô
һɡᾰǸũ֪⣬ֲҲ˽⣬ҲǴӳԼԱᾰһԭ
á
ᾰһ, ȥ캺ƽŵı飬·ĺʣ֪࣬ũȡ𣿡
šᾰͷʣȥϴѧ𣿡
Ĳؿᾰ
ᾰ˵߿ָܻ
𾪵ؿᾰᾰô֪ѵߴԽ
ᾰ˵ǰ̸дˣ˵ָ߿Ѿõ֧֣ܶ϶Ҹһᣬʹ겻ָܻ߿ҲָǴ
ȷᾰҲǴԽˣ𾪣ᾰͥ
̾Ȼܹǰ֪
ܴҪѧĻһԿϡᾰ˵ϴѧ᲻һ
ãҿһ¡еͷ
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ĸᾰ˿صҵʱ̫̫Ѿ緹һԹ֮ȥæˣæĲǱ顣
׷ֺ¶
ÿɽӵ׶ҪɱȻԱǵַܹ⡢ֽɽϲӣľҪּܹÿÿõֽ
껹ʮʱɽֿʼѩˣԱ֪ǻȵģҼһӣΧżͷ
ɱĿٰѼͷ̵մӳҸͷӡˮѪЩȲ֣˶Ҫͷ˼Ѫˮ֮ġ
ӳŶҲûԸҪ
ۿӳֶʮˣľԼĹֻ˴󲿷ֵѪͷӣ˴ӳķա
ӳӳǷԱϲŻˣĲѪͷӣ̫̫һʮǮ׷ֺ졣
ʮ鰡
ԱĽѣһƽʱɻ̶־ӦõģǵעתƵԼ׸ϣˣǮˣԱһЦ˻
֪ǵջҲ٣һЩ֪ŶԻؼңͰǮʰСģ˽˻Ʊ̤ϻسǵ;
캺ƽҲǿԻسǻؼҵģ˲ûôˣǸҪũѧᾰ˵˹ũѧȡˣǻǲš
ôĴѧũô˵ȡȡǼţ׼ȥһˣù쵼дƼš
˵֮Ǿܱ׶ѧ¼ȡˣộҲͲسˡ
ͬʱسǵĻᾰ
㲻׶𣿡ĿԺɹӵᾰʡ
ءᾰᶨ˵
٣ʱҲôأɻʡ
ٻءᾰЦ˵иʱڼҡ
ǽͺһɡܵĸǰᾰ˵һֵģ
⻰ᾰ⣬һϲĿͶġ
˳ᾰĿҲģС˵㣬֪һ꣬òã֪ÿǼҶʳģ׳Եġ
֪Աֲʲô¶οᾰô࣬ĳͷ˵á
˵
ᾰҲЦˣ˸Ҿ
֪ϲᾰܿĴһ꣬ɨ㿪ʼɨԺӡ
ҲʼΪ׼ԱǶ֪ʮǮмʮѪʲôģԹȥǹڡӡȵһж
ʱԱҲ
Ǹ꣬һ϶ЦݣζŨһЩĻЩĹ⣬ԱǶæ꣬еļ滹ըӡӵȵȡ
Ĳˡ
ĺ̫̫Ҳݳ޵ըӡӡͱСȵȣᾰæջʲôģÿжʳûô
ʱ˳Ҳˣ˵ǸĳԣĺŽ˳꣬˳˵Źְֹ꣬ҲûǿװըͱС֮ĸ˳ý˳ȥԡ
˳Ҫ̫̫Ӳ׷͸˳˳ֻˣ·̫̫ˤߵ·ȥ̫̫ʱ򣬿캺ƽڡ
Ǻ˵쵼Ƽš˴ͷɥţĺͬʱƫһԡ
Ҳûǣ̫̫ؼңᾰʱѸղԼŶ˵¶˵ˡ
ᾰ˵ͷûиũѧϢ϶дƼţǺӲһ
ĵͷũѧҪȡˡ
ûᾰͷ˵
ŶˣͻȻ
ʲôᾰʡ
ż˵ҹﻹͷƬأ˰ɡ
ᣬҸʢˡᾰ˵ҿһ£ĸոպá
һ˵ǻȥԷɡ
ᾰ˵Ҷ˲ˡ
á
˵Цţһ߽˳
Զ캺ƽڽһĻС
ڻתͷߵ캺ƽ
캺ƽĿתضĵӣĵغЦһ
лҪ˵

 42 


ʮ£
ĺᾰڴ𣿡ڿʡ
֪캺ƽ˵ػش
ҿǡ˵
캺ƽϲ, ٿת
ƽںһ
ˣȥɡ캺ƽתߡ
ƽںһ캺ƽͷҲص뿪һû˵, ǰûе¶, Ϊ, 캺ƽô
վԭؾͰĸˣؿ캺ƽıӰ, 캺ƽͷƵسǮһߡ
߽ǮһԺ, ŵﴫζըӲ֮ģŷֱЩš顱һˡ
洫ϸϸ
֪ˡ
Ͻվſڵš
, ƽʱô, һʲôĶ᲻ø, ֪, ʲôļ, 󷽰ըɲܸԡ
һըõӣѹ͸Ĩˡ
ɲճӹȥ  

Щ, 캺ƽ৵һͨ, ػصԼС, ץϵ´ɸףݺݵڵϡ
Ǯ˰ʲôˣ
ǰס
桢ǰչظ, һҲû٣̰ᣡ
ᾰ󷽣
Ҳôᾰģ
ôһ룬һκԼûסļ, ƾɵķӣª壬뵽ᾰ˵ЦŽӡ
ʵ۾죬ݺݵһ´ɸס
´ɸҵǽϣ顱죬ȴ˿ûصӲĴϣƴڽ磬ϣģᾰůĳ
ĿŶ䣬Ǿᾰѷᵽ˳
˺ᾰΧһԵ
ķǳ򵥣ǰһľӣӺһֻС˿ϵĶ䣬ľϣܿڻϣͳ˼򵥵ĵ
ɲ򵥣ͲǰĸðũƬӡ㳦⡢ѿƵ衢ĤƬȵȣζ
Ļ˺պϡ
ζôʡ
óԣ̫̫Це˵
ǳóԡᾰҧһ˵
ǳǳóԣ׽ŷ˵ƬҸŤС˵㣬ҲԣԵ㡣
šЦˣЦů峺ҸʵĳԵ÷ĺÿ
ᾰ鲻ԽضĿ
вתͷᾰ
÷ᾰڶԼ¶ɻ󣬸Ҫᾰʧоѹͷسˣܾøոᾰֵֹģᾰᾰˡ
ɻʱжһӡ
תͷȥЦ
㣬ԸӣӺúóԵģ
ĵעתϣЦ˵ллóԺ㻹ӳԣ
Ժ󻹿Գ𣿡ʡ
ȻǮˣԺ󻹻ԽԽǮӣ˵
̫ˣЦ۾
̫̫ҲЦˡ
ļ廨̫̫ԱߵᾰҲᾰһӣᾰ£ǳǳһЦҲļһӡ
ĸôΧŵںĶŵȺģܿذѵԵһɶᾰԷʰ룬̫̫ΧᾰһЩȤ¡
ڶѩˡ
ɽҲûˣɽӶ˹ϾУĳÿЩӡ⡢Ǳˮ⣬ûʲôˣÿĥŸ̫̫óԵģᾰ˳մ⣬ڼᾰ죬Ҳ֪æʲôĴһֱ
֮İн˳ֱһֱûлᾰŪһ飬ǹӣʣǮ
ҪǮᾰ˵
ҪǮ
ţ͸㡣
̫ˡ˵
ûУðɡᾰ˵
ǲУøǮġļ֡
ᾰֱֱġ
̧ӣҲᾰ
ᾰ˵һٿǮһٿǮ
һٿǮôֱͨҪһٶʮǮҪӹҵƱġ
һٿǮȻҲҪˡ

㲻ҪĻúһһ
ĸᾰһٿǮ
ᾰҲͽˡ
ĵͷֱûעᾰﻹһӣʱ򣬷һӣװ⡢ţ⡢׵ȵȣεҡͷ
ҲͽЩ
ڼ䣬ÿ춼адףʱɹ̫Źǹûôʵӡ
ת֮͹ȥˣɽӽ˰곱ļûʲôݣҲͺȥ˿ţЩ˶ȥͼڼš
عȥ٣½ʼϹԱ֪ǿʼɢظһЩβιţιĻ
ƽʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ģĹôԱ֪Ƕ̫̫˶һЩ̫̫ˣЩĳøˮˣһЩµͬ־ķ׷죬˰Ľܶ
ֱ̫̫ʾ˼̫̫֪ľ캺ƽһ֮󣬶˲٣ںе£ǸĺӣҲûдӦֻ˵ĵ
ֱӾܾˣ˵ٵһȣȥˣɽҰģҲ࣬Ͻ˭˾˭ġ
ÿոտ˶СŲȥˣ˺ԶʱѾвˣ˸ϽУһҰݻũУѰ̵ˡ
㣬һ
ãڡ
ܶ˶ڵң˺һʱһУ̧ͷһᾰ
֪࣡һᾰͿģôˣ
ˡᾰ˵
ôôࣿ
ҵطˣߣǳһߣǱиСɽСɽ˶ࡣ
á
ᾰСɽߣȻкܶˣһһο϶Բ꣬Ϊ˳Զǣȫϴɾɹϣ׼ɸɲˣԡ
ȡһʵˣ飬˽ǷۡΡͺۣɰ˱ԣ۵˵ȻһȻζ˱ĸȫԵĹġ
ǲҪǮҪֵģҲûö٣Ȼָ̫̫ˣԱ֮ľȥίԱῪһᡣ
Ҫ˵ɽӽȵȣҲûʲôҪıɹˣתͳߣ·ϿԱһ˵ʲôҪǰʱᵽԼ֡
ɻϸ֮£ݡ
Ŀᾰˣ
ɲ˵׷ᾰġ
ǰɣĲ׷˵˰Ҳš
Ҳŵģ˵֪֪治֪ĵģԴĿˣ˵һʼ캺ƽᾰһʸ֦ģ˵ľΪᾰŵϻƵġ
ɣ
ô᣿֮ʲôӵ𣿴Ҷûעһ¾͵˻ƣɲᾰãᾰŮͬ־ϵİ
ᾰˣ
ûУᾰҲ档
棿
ȻᾰļôῴɽСã
лҪ˵㻹һ

 43 


ʮ£
ЩԶģ
һʱ֮Щ, ʶرܿ캺ƽ֪֪࣬ౣ־룬ôֳᾰˡؿ򼸸ԱԱǸоĴ, ׷׻ͷ
, һ, ųһЦһ˵ԼŹͷ, һ˵ӽк, һ˵Ҫ·ȵȣôһɢ
ֻʣһˡ
㶣̧ߡ
ûнԺӣͿ̫̫ſ, һЬһ, ȴûнЬ׵Ķ, ڳ
̡ĺһ
̫̫СĻˡ
ǰʣ, ڸʲôأ
, Ьס̧̧̫̫Ьס
ɵ𣿡ʡ
ҪµظɻиũĲи, 硢޻, һСľͻЬף˵, ΨһľǸҸɵǧס
ǰ
Ҹɻ٣ɾˡ
ɵĶС̫̫˵˫͸ġ
ĿһЬ, ⣬Ц˵ãлл, ˣ̣ղʲôأ
ûʲô̫̫ϼһЦ⣬ʣСģæˣ
ţæꡣ˳ûУ
ˣˮۡڼһ㣬Ľ˳ҲϢϢ꼸ûˮȥˣȻҪҵˡ
Ǯ𣿡
ˡ
ãȥһ¡
š
תſߡ
̫̫ǵؿġ
ʱᾰˣ̫̫кһľˮϽǰģ𶯣ɡ
ãҿԵġ˵
أᾰ˵
ãС
ô˵ţᾰǰһ죬ֱӰѴľֱض˵ˮߣȻشˮľϴˮ
һԵ̫̫һĻüͷĸˣ˵Щʲôᾰһֱڳ˵ȵ˵ʱѾ۵˯ˡ
ڶʱСԣģȥΪ캺ƽ֪¶ĵĹϵһ·»˼治˵ĵزһ֪࡭ġ
С
ȥֱ˵˵ˣٴ˺ģûʽһ㣬̫̫ݸ壬ŴŽ˳ˣŴȥ˯ˣŴҪϹˡ
̾Ϣһ
߰βݱ˼ĺᾰĹϵȻõģҲʵһ㣬Ǿĵ䲻׶ᾰ
ᾰֲһ֪࣬൱б˵ͷˣʱô죿
̫̫ˡ
ʱ˵İᾰţͬʱΪֵ¶Ҵӳ
С㿴ӳ𣿡䣬ѯʼǷԱ
ûǷԱ˵
ȥĶˣĲʣҸղŻء
ˣ֪Ѵӳˡ
ᾰ
ԣ
ȥĶˣȥˣʡ
ǷԱʰŸֱ˵Ҳ֪ȥĶˣȥʮӰɡ
ãȥҿתӰ칫ߣߵ·ϣͿԶһŻ£ӳᾰӰҲ֪˵ʲôһӡ
ûдǣվԭصš
ƺĴڣͬʱתͷһҲ֪˵ʲôᾰгسȥˣӳ³ߡ
ӳĻһ
ģһˣӳʡ
ţ֪˵ûǰ֪˵ʲôأôأ֪ȥĶЦʡ
ӳһ£˵ҲûʲôϵһЩ飬ȥسǼŰɡ
ԭĲٹעᾰ˵ԼĿģ˵ӳݵĹôģ

ӳӳ¶ˣʱǷԱż˴ӳĵĶԻ
ӳתͷȥ
ʲô¶ˣӳɫصʡ
ǷԱû̻ش𣬶ǿһۡ
ɻʣйأ
ǷԱͷ
ʣʲô¶
̺˳ء
˭һϽʡ
֪࣡
Ϊʲô̫̫ȻˣУ̫̫Բø͵ģ˵̫̫Ϣ͵ģʲôԸ̣Ըôڳ
ҲΪ㣬Ҳ̫
Ϊңȥ
ĸϽسȥ
ӳǷԱ
ûеĿĵأﳳµ
ĻǼرϳ̫̫ڵ̧һԶ̫̫վڶ棬߶ΧһȦˣֹǴ֡
̫̫ûдֵӣҲֻƽʱһ㣬˵֪࣬ҲŮͬ־Ҳǹңô۾˵ϹôĻ˵Ĺң
˵Ϲˣڷʡ
ûһġ̫̫Щ
ǣ̣˵ɵˣĺ֪ߵýģɲֹһ˰һԷһϹһŹһɡһ˿ɲม
㡪
ףа˭֪֪೤úüãٹţĿɲˣԺ󣬾ͿԵ浱ˡ
֪࣡ĿڣӳȺǳڡ
תͷһǴӳĺͼǷԱһҲ£ʵ֪࣬һ㶼ǵˣıȽ⡣
ûʲôݣҵӱûڸպüֵܱȽ϶ֻ࣬Ҫ֣Ա֪඼µġ
ǰͿʼ̳Цġ
Ǵӳ˿дŲˡ
ӳڻһӳ
ôûʵݺ˵˵ӳʡ
Ĵߵ̫̫ǰ
̫̫ġ
̫̫֣С˵̣ûУģ¶ұܣ
̫̫ԣ۵Ĳˡ
Ŀڣ˵ˣôûʵݣ˵Ķʵ
ʵ֤𣿡ӳʡ
֤ܿ
ǿ̫ˣӳСѧҵȻѧϰ̫ãֵģһΪ˴£Щӳݵѧϰܹ˵ܶоĻҪдֵģ
ƾʲôд֣ڲʡ
˵ĶǺģʵ
ʵʲô
ʵ֪࿴ɽӵŻƣѾӻ㱨ϣӸӳ˵˼߳ôôˣ㻹֪أôԱ֪𣿡
ӳһ
ôӳҳûһˮû뵽ӳ˵Ļſͽסˡ
̫̫һ
Ҳ¡
Աû뵽ģİᾰţᾰģ۸ڶᾰЩŮ֪Ůͬ־ûпϣˣ
һԿֵ캺ƽ⻰ɫѿ
㻹ʲô˵ӳɫʡ
лҪ˵

 44 

ʮ£ʵ
˵
ԱǳĬһƬ
캺ƽȻ
̫̫Ŀӳ, ӳĿɨһȦˣ˵˵֪罨ũ壬ũޣԱΪ֪ṩס, Žụ, Ǻ, Ҳǹһֱģôͳ˭˭ˣ
ڵһԲ
ӳ˵Ϊͬ־ߵý, ʹ߰Ļ, ԺӵĹôУԺͬ־Ůͬ־ǲǾͲһ˵ˣ
һƬ
ӳδҺ֪ǰӱļҪ˵һǲǾͰѳˮŻãǰѺúһŮͬ־˲ɣ˼ȲǺõԱ, ҲǺõ֪, ǺõĹũ
ǺõĹũ
⻰˵ĺ, Աһ, ɫʱ, ˴ӳƼţûõƼ, Żͷʹӳһ, ôӳһ¹ϵҪһƼš
ӳͻȻ˵ǺõĹũ, ǿ϶ӰҪƼŰ
ֱֱؿŴӳһŭᾰ, һ滹ڽ²ȣһԼûӣһԼδ
ᡣ
ϴ, һҲϴǱųģûڹϴҧгݵվţ·ҧģʱӳһʣ֪࣬ʲô˵
ҡҡ
ϴ𣿡
˫ֽţоһ裬ҧ󣬼һ仰ϡ
ǲǺ˵˵
ǡǡ
òд֣
д
ãץʱд쿪ʱڻ

ڻ
˿Ц̧ӳίòˣǴӳûп֪ˣתһԱһЩ˵
ͬ־Ůͬ־ҶΪɽ룬ֲ׽Ӱ¶ɲС¶˺˸.꣬пܻһˣÿһԱ֪඼Բǡ
ԱǷ׷׵ͷ
ӳתģ˵Żơ
Ӧһӳ
һ¡
Ŀ̫̫˵̣ȥһ¡
̫̫ͷڳһܣӳֻѾˣ˵ȥɡ
תŴӳһ˼
̫̫Ա½βݣᾰ¶̫ˣһڰβݵĹУ̲סͷĴӳ޲ó˳ܹĴӳĶԻ
ҲûйϵѾ֪࣬ǾǴԶƭˣŲİᾰᾰˣӱ档
ǹġ
ԱŸ˵һ
ҪǼ޸֪ˣ֪һص׶Ǿˣôһ˼кһ˾ƵģԽĺÿˡ
һԱ²ôģһӳͷһӳҡͷȻȥӰ칫ˣ֪ʲô˼
캺ƽƵġ
ᾰĵ¶ȷʵԱ֮䴫ˡ
֪࿴ˣ
ļٵģ˵İ֪಻𣿡
ǸǼٵģ֪࿴ġ
ô֪ģ
ӳ׿˵ģ
ǵģ֪໹ӻ㱨ˣҪӸȢš
ģȢĵ˿࣡żҵżҪ̤ѽ֪඼ģ֪֪࣡೤ÿ֪õģҲ°֪סļк󣬵ͷ̧ͷģ˸顣
˵ģǰ;ĳ㣬һһӳƵģɺÿˣ
Ůʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿҪȻҲô˸˵ס
ѽ˵ĺ֪໹ͦġ
䣬֪Ҿ̫ˣҲ֪¶զء
ſɡ

죬¶ôɽӣ֮ǰ˵ĲĻתƯбµȵȣˣòڶ޻ͷд֣캺ƽˤһ´ɸס
̫̫󶼳Ĭˡ
ȻԱϸԺãǻǲϣдԣĿ̫̫
̫̫Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϲᾰ˽ͦᾰΪһ˵ģǸӣ˵ǲõġ
ܿ˿ʣ֪໹ûл𣿡
̫̫ش𣺡ûС
Ķһ£˵̣ͻСô̸ۼޣһٵꡣ
֪¶ô̫̫˵ӻ㱨ˣ¡
Ϊ˰ҡ˵
̫̫¡
˵϶Ҳ˵ЩҲûа취ͣʹӳ˵ˣôӳ˸æŤתˣ˺ǡ
̫̫Ȼ򣺡֪Ǹˡ
ǰ
֪ʲô뷨
˼ᾰܺã㣬ҲǸð£ϱ̫ӵ֪£Щ֪Ȣ˱صĹ˵֪Էˣ˵߿ָˣһҪôͱع飬Ҫôֱ˸Ҳӵĵط캺ƽ
˵ᾰҲأ
ûʲô뷨˵
֪඼ӻ㱨ˡ̫̫˵
㱨ģҾܾҵĲˣ˵
Աǻô˵ǣ
ǲ˵Ƕǹġ
̫̫üͷ
˵̣ģû¶ģܴˡ
ֻ̫̫õͷ
ȥȥǳԶٽӰɡ˵
ãϲԽӣϲڶĽˣ˵
۲ˡ˻ǰײˣʡ
ˣ˵
Уð
ãӦˬ졣
ת˳桢ڶˡڶûһͰ׼ˣ̫̫һ˳һ˽ӡ
ǰᾰˣڶ࣬ûһһڶˣʱᾰûл
ľͰѽӸȫ¹ˣ˶ԱˣʣᾰһӣᾰûлҲ֪ᾰȥʲôˣʱᾰûл
ҹĻ֮Ĵߴ̫̫˯ڴϷȥȻԺг𴲣·Сش򿪷ţŵ߳ţ¹Ϳгᾰ
֪ࡣĻһ
֪ߵ˲ſڣתͷһ⣺ģ㻹û˯أ
Ҫ˯˵꣬ʸǰߣʣȥĶˣôôŻ
ȥسǰ˵ᾰ˵
𣿡
ˡ
Է𣿡
ˡ
šĵͷĿʵʵϣЩʻᾰʵģһ˵֪࣬¶
ʲô¶ᾰóԿ׿񷿵š
﷢¶˵лл㡣
ᾰ϶һ٣תͷʲôллң
ԡҰ㲻š¶ƶᾰִԡ
Ȼᾰ˵ô
¶һҪϾԼΪԸл㡣˵
ᾰģ¹֮£˵۹ⶼǸᾰ˵ΪΪ˸
š
ûб뷨𣿡
ʲô뷨
ᾰĬһ˵Һʹӳ˵ʵ
лҪ˵㻹һ

 45 


ʮ£ܺÿ
û뷨ֱ˵˵
ûУᾰʡ
ûС
һҲûУᾰϣһϣ
һҲûСʮ˵ӳ˵ʱ, Ⱦ㴦µķʽ
ʵǡᾰ˵
ʲôĲʡ
ᾰһ£˵ҵġ
ɻؿᾰ
ᾰ˵ý˰ˡ
ʲôý˰Ҵߣ
ÿŸ˵׵ýˡ
겻顣
ԺأᾰʣҪİɣ
Ժ˵Ժ¶
ǡл𣿡ᾰʡ
˵ʲôû
ᾰע˵Һʹӳ˵Ļ
΢΢һ㶣ᾰ
ᾰҲġ
֮ǳõĳĬʱҹ߾, ķ쳣
̲ס˸䡣
ᾰ״˵, ϽϢɡ
, Ҳǡѵػش
áᾰӦһ
ת˷䣬Ź, ûκλӦ
ᾰվԭؿſյԺ, Ҳյģг˲񷿣򵥵ϴһ£ڴ, Źͺͺǽ, Ȼ, , ûлظһǽ֮ڴһηȥ
ᾰʲô˼
ϲ
Ҫɼң
ʲô˼ϱΪƱ, ͬ˵ڲ֪䶳˲ͬµģԼûоġ
ᾰʱ, иоġ
һ˵׵ĸо
ƺЩϲƺЩǳ, Щġ
ڴշתãС
ڶҪ緹ʱ, ᾰûʲôرģȺ̫̫к, ȻСԴž͸ˮ״ˮȻغĴк
Ҳһк
Էʱ, ᾰƽʱһԷ
̫̫Ա߹۲ŶˣҲû۲ʲô뵽˵Ļ˵ᾰΪģźʹӳ˵Щ̫̫ʼЩˡ
֪ԼҾãʲ֪֪࣬೤ƷҲãǰɣʱʱ̵̿ؾᾰĽӴ
̫̫ˡ
ɽӵԱҲһ˫ۣԵذĿŵᾰϣᾰĴҲǲϴ
֪ô鰡
ĲӦ
ΪʲôӦ
֪
֪࿴ѽ
ĵ˶ȥˣҲûĴӦ˭ѽ
֪ʲô

ЩʱʱԱǵĲ෹ðҲΣҲ֪ôܾͣ¶ᾰ̫á
ᾰͣᾰԴӴ¼ƽʱæĲˣżҳԶٷ󲿷ʱ䶼ӰԵȥسǡ
Ҳ֪æʲô
Ҳûлᾰ˵һæӵ¶һߴµСԣͽ˳׬Ǯ׬˳˳
ʱҲܿشӶ쵽˴졣
ִӴ쵽ģôʱڹũѧûκϢ
һ¹ũѧ»߾·ѧ·ݶˣ캺ƽ뾡취Ū˹ƼţһֱȲͷϢ
ʱͷļˡȡũѧϳƼϴѧ
Ϣһһֱֱں캺ƽϣɵãһܵӳѯʴӳ
ӳũѧȡˣǹһôѡ˲أ캺ƽĵʣ͵ſƼ׶ѧĺڵġ
Ҳ֪ӳʵ˵
ô粻ȡȡʱȡأʡ
治֪ҾһССĶӳûʲôĻͷ˼ҿ֪ģļҲˣǲǣӳ˵Ҳ׶ѧϾɽӵģǽѧˣɽҲմ⣬ǲǣ
ô죿ʡ
ٵȵȣ˵ͷõ߸ء
Ҫȵʲôʱ򣿡Ĳ´ˣֿۣسǣػسǣҪȵʲôʱ
ȰĽϣҰкûᣬһΪȡӳοں캺ƽ
ʧǵشӴӳ߳
ɽӵ·ϣһ̧ۿܶˡ
ڲٴ֮ǰĻɫ·һ黨£һ򵥵ĺɫӵЬûʲôװΣдһһЦ
ԱߵǺĸոոģ˧͸
һ𣬺ÿĲˡ
캺ƽһһ¡
ŶûмģľȻôÿˣ͸ŵĳһҲ캺ƽΪ˹ũѧ¶Եܶ˵Ĺֺ˲һӣԷˣȻҲ̫ÿ
캺ƽ˼ġ
ڻ̲סֹһ䣺ٺҲǴá
Ĳû캺ƽѺһЦֳߣ캺ƽθۡ
ĵػصҡ
վ̫̫ǰ˵̣ңÿ𣿡
ѽÿ
̣ٿ㡣
Ҳÿ̫̫£毺õģû뵽ԼŮôÿ
˵סĵ֡
ִӲͳһɫ׻бӺɫ㣬ݸ̫̫̣Ǹġ
̫̫ʣң
԰Ц˵ǮˣȻһ˶Ҫ·ˡ
̫Ǯ˰
ҲõĶһ㲼ϡ
Ǳ˻᲻ỳǮ̫̫¶ͱ˵ˡ
Цˣ˵̣ʱʮǮֽ֣ҲĹ֣֪һٹ֣֪ճķⷹǮֳԲ˶٣һ·ģò˶ٲϣ˲ỳɵġ
ǾͺǾͺá̫̫ûд·ˣͻȻ·ǻϲ
̣㴩˵
ԣ̴̴һÿ˵
̫̫Ҳ·ȥԴˡ
ⶼǰ̫̫ߴģȻ
̫̫һ꣬˶·϶Цݣһ߸˵
緹̫̫֮ȥ˯ˡ
ϴ˰֣Ҫ˯ʱᾰгˡ
֪ࡣĻһ
ᾰģû˯
šʣ緹𣿡
ᾰش𣺡ûС
һ԰ɡ
лл
ᾰͷͣгϴ֣߽
ĴӹȡЩȵһ棬ŵԱߵķϣִӲ˳óһƵСˣ͵ᾰǰ˵ӳ˵һȥ׶ɹ㲿¶𣿡
šᾰӦ
˵ӳ·һȥ׶źͳˡ
áᾰġ
Ĳʣ㿴Ҹʲô
ܺÿᾰ˵
лҪ˵

 46 


ʮ£ֱ
̫ͻȻ, 㶣ʶصͷԼ·Ц˵ллõ·
, ʺ㡣ᾰ˵
Ϊȥ׶ġ
ȥ׶Ͳɹ𣿡
, Ҳ, ֻҪһԺ, ôӳֽ˵, ׶ǱСĶرߣ˵µֺͻʣȥһѧϰѧϰ˵
ᾰͷ
˵Ǻһȥɡ
š
ȳ档
áᾰһ֪, ⻬, ˮ, ̧˵˾䣺ܺóԡ
԰, ȥ˯, һʰꡣ
ȥ˯ɡᾰ˵
תԼ䣬˯ʮ, ȥ, ߣҪϴϴʱư趼Ǹɸɾ, ׸ס׶˲˵ǰҲ, Щᾰġ
ĻһȦᾰĺܺãú, ãһҲûүƢ֮ġ
ǺͶʮһ͵ȣᾰٮٮߡ
һ²ĸɾĹǡ
̫̫ˣ˳ȥϴ˰̫̫ȥϹӰ칫Ҽ˴ӳǷԱӳǷԱһ·ÿЦЦ˵רΪȥ׶ģܸɽӶݶˡ
˵öԣӳЦ˵Ǿͺ
Ŷ𣿡ȥﶼÿţסдùݡ
ˣЩȫƱӳҲǵһȥ׶Ѹ׼ĺܳˡ
˵Ǿûʲôˡ
ʲôġӳζ˵
ʣʲô
ӳ˵¹϶
ʲôɻʡ
ӳЦ˵òȥ׶Ա֪϶ЬӡϡѩʲôġƽʱӳҪ¶ȥУԱ˵ˣ鷳ʲôģȥ׶϶ܶôˡ
룬ⲻ൱ڶʮһ͵Ĵ
ǲ׬۵Ĵ
Ȼ¹ʱ򣬵֪Ҫȥ׶ˣһЩԱ֪඼ҵˣҪЬҪ˿ҪīĵȵȣҲ֪ĶЩġ
֮дһ嵥
˳죬̫̫ĳԲϰ׶ķˣĴ˰ͷ⣬ֻôţŴӳᾰ̤ȥ׶Ļ𳵡
ȻƤģӿԴ򿪣ڿλãᾰʹӳӳֺǺǵʣģǵһ𳵰ɣ
šǵһƤ𳵡
𳵿ɱˣһܵ׶ˡܹȥ׶ӳҲǿĵģ˵ȥ׶׶յĹʵҲѧϰѧϰԱ֪춼аͷԣ
ӳһΪӣЦ˵ӳ˵öԣǰԱ֪϶аͷԡ
ûӳתͷᾰ˵ˣ֪࣬Ҳþûл׶˰ɣ
ᾰͷ
ΰ¶ȥؼҿɡ
á
ǻˣҲɹĲˣͿ֪ķˣܿͿ԰֪ˡ
ᾰԿġ
Ҳᾰ
ᾰתӳͷ˵á
ѽԽԽã뵱꣬ԣ֪ʲôζ᲻òһӣھͲһˣԽԽˣӳһ·ϸпϣӻ𳵴ӿյľ󣬸˵Ĳˡ
ᾰŴӳҲпţһ·˵һЩ˼Ļ磬ӳǮƱڻ˺зϺзʵʵģóҲ
˳ԵıģαϢ
ӳ˯ˣ˺
Ϊ׶֮У˺ܶӡˮȵȣ˯ʱ٣ʵ̫ۣʵڳŲȥ˯ˡ
ᾰȴû˯ĵĶ棬ؿĵ˯գڵ£һëףϸСëֿɰ
ᾰԾǣᡣ
ʱĶ˶Դ򳵴һ£ˡһᾰľһ£˯ƺҲۣ̫ˣûѣһԴһһİͬ־ϡ
ᾰ״ϽַסĵԴ
ͬ־ᾰ
ᾰò˵ͬ־Իλ𣿡
ͬ־ʣΪʲô㻻λ
Ϊչϱ
ϱ
š
Ϊʲôһ𣿡
˵Ť
Сͬ־ܺ˵ɡ
лл
ᾰ˳ߣطĵԴԼļͷů⣬ǳǳ㣬һϮ˿˿ġ
ͬ־ͬ־һ
ᾰͬ־
ͬ־ʣλŮͬ־ϱɣ
ᾰ¶ɻ
ҪϱĻΪ壬͸͵ȵèƵ𣿡ͬ־ʡ
͵͵ȵè
ͬ־˵ͬ־ǲԵġ
ᾰϽ˵ϱδġ
δϱ
ţҼ˶ͬˣ
ͬ־Űɵؿᾰ
ᾰϽóźŻƱ֤Լһģûʲôģͬ־ϸᾰĳ࣬ٿĵĳ࣬еĿŮȷʵܵǶԣҲûٶ£ڳϱĿ
һֻᾰû˯š
óһűֽţһӣʵ˼ϣһһĻϲ
ǳ˯ţҲ֪Լ˯˶ã֮˯ĺܽⷦ۾Χ̫Ծǿ˭ļϣٿϽתͷȥҪǸʱŵᾰ
֪࣡ľȡ
ˡᾰЦ˵
ô
ᾰָָ濿˯ͬ־λ
ŶΪͬ־ˣ˯Ƚע»صԼᾰϣ˵Ҹղſ˯ģ
š
˼̫ˣûע⣬Ϳ硪
û¶ʮԸ
Ĳ˼££ҵͷʣǸû˯
Ҳ
壬ʣжõ׶
ᾰûпȥıֽ˵ӾͿԵˡ
̧һֱ
ֱᾰ͵ģᾰܿĴš
ǻСʱ˵
ᾰͷѱֽŵСʱӳҲʱˣᾰģʣ֪࣬ôˣ
ᾰһָָ˯ͬ־
ӳȻٶʣ濴˿ûһͬ־Ҳˣĸûʲô¶һ𣬴һ˿ˡ
ʱ׶վڵˡ
ڱеĻվ׶վĿ࣬׶˵Ҳܶ࣬ӳ֮ϡĺܣʲô˵һ
Ĳͣصͷͬ
׶ļе׶ȫһˣҲʶ·͸ŴӳߣΪӳ֪·˾һǰߡ
ģᾰһ
Ĵӳһͷ
ȥĶᾰʡ
ԿӳʣӳȥĶ
ӳ˵ȥĶȥùݡ
ߴ·ˡᾰ˵
Ĵӳ
߻ᾰߣǶһ˸Ʊǻ̫׶ߵĹأ͸ᾰ׶ĹӪꡣ
һٷʢָᾰ˽ùݡ
ùݾС¥ȱеĸɾ٣ᾰ˽źֽ𣬿䷿Ӷڶ¥
ᾰӳһ䷿Լһ䡣
Ǿڸסšᾰ˵ʲô⵽Ǿˡ
áĵͷ
ᾰ룬˵˯ǰźһӡ
ΪʲôһʱûзӦ
һʲôڸҲ

ϡᾰ˵
áĵͷ
ᾰӳ첲
ĿᾰıӰĪůԿ׽Լķ䣬䲻ûжʮһ;Ƶùװ꾫£Ҳ豸ȫж䣬ɾ
İᾰ˵źһӣŽ䣬򵥵ϴ˸裬컹û𴲣𳵣һ죬ҲʵˣſڴϾ˯š
ʱѾߵ㣬ϴãߵˡ
ġᾰ
Ӧһ
𣿡ᾰʡ
ˡ
ʰһ£ǿԳˡ
֪ˡ
ʰ͸ᾰӳ򵥳緹гһ·ﵽ׶һ֧кǵӣ֧˱ֽģ˵Ǵ󵨳»ʣﵽȫߵĶٹĽѧϰ
ӳᾰǴɽӴ칫ѧϰ˽ģԷѺõؽӴǣ˶ںУѧϰš
֪˺ʹûʣʲô֣õѧϰǰǶԺӱʾ˸лһЩƷص˽ùݡ
ͷȴ¶Ҫ˳¶Ǿ͸㲿ᾰϤʹĴӳȥӣҵ׵㲿
һУӳĵ˵û뵽鶼չô˳
ĵͷҪ鶼ˡ
ûᾰϾǱˣʲô鶼ӳתᾰ˵֪࣬ʱʹӦ㣬ؼҿһµ鶼ˣһЩƷˣҺˣؼҴһɡ
ᾰʣҪҲȥҼҰɣ
ȥ˲ȥˡӳ˵ô˼أȥɡ
ᾰǿġ
˵ǰҺʹӳ˾;ȥɽӣǱ߻кܶæء
Ĳȥᾰʡ
ȥˡĵͷ
ᾰĬһ£˵ϵĻ𳵣˳Ʊùǡ
Ʊɡӳ˵
ɣȽϷ㡣ᾰ˵
ҲСӳ˵
һؼˡᾰ˵
áĴӳһӦ
ᾰؿһıˡ
ĴӳͳԼ¶嵥û뵽ӳҲ嵥̲סգʹӳһ·׶Ĺ硣
һ磬ӳ۾˵ԹӴ׶׶ǲһӻ֣
Ц
ȷʵ˶ʮһ͵̳һֽ̨̨д̾ױƷȵȡ
ÿ̨涼һۻԱۻԱԱվ˿ͣļӳЩˣ˵ӳһһɡ
УҶЩۻˡ
Ǿ嵥ϵ̾ƣһҵġ
ɡ
Ĵӳմӳϵ嵥̾ơϡƤЬƤû꣬ӳеˣһθôණҲǵһôãԺҲԱˡ
Ǽ嵥ϵĶְˣû꣬ʱҪ°ˡ
ۻԱǸ˲ְҵ˵°°࣬Ųֻ˵ˣ͵ɣ
ӳһԸ
šĵͷ
ӳ˵УϻΪѣİЦǵڶ緹˵ӳôණùͦȫģһȥţþͻ֪Ǿͻؼҡ
ӳһϲʤ˵ðð
ȥˡתҪߡ
һ¡ӳס˵һǸһȥɡ
Ϊʲô
һ˲ȫ
ӳӽ£Ǿ죬Ҫǲȫطȫˡ˵
ӳĴ˿Ҳȷʵˣǵͷ˵ȥء
š
뿪ùݣһ˹磬Ҫ嵥ϵĶҪ˳̫̫Щʵͦġ
һˣ.Ѿ飬ܶɶǸѹֵʮѾԶȥ˳ںҲûмĵҲʱʱװһķ䡣
ķסĺʡ
Ҳ̫̫һ㣬ֲ̫ˣǾ͵͵һЩȥƽĶ̫̫˯£µĴ˳ٿûҪģʱ仹磬ڹһ䡣
ţȻƳһϤӰ
תͷȥᾰᾰѵƽʱĵȷڿӲЬǼʳʸмõĳ㣬˿ȥӵ忡˧ƽһӹ
һˣ߻һ̫̫̫̫Ƥܰף΢֣Ųɫۣ۾ȥһ֪ʶӡ
ᾰĳҲ֪ΪʲôܵҪ㿪Ҫ߿ʱᾰ
ġ
Ĳòͣͷᾰ
㡣ᾰϴǳǳЦ߹˵
Ц˵ɰ
Ųӣʣ㶫û𣿡
ʵ˵ûС
ʲôûҰ򡣡
ˣҲûжˣԼˡ
̫̫߹һ
̡ᾰһ
˭̫̫ʡ
ġᾰ̫̫˵̣ɽӵԱŻƣ֮ǰ֪㷿ˣסľ
ŶСС;ǻư̫̫Ц˵
šᾰ˵̡
ãҽģԱɽӣ׶Щ顣òҽܡ
̫̫ʽ˵лͬ־Ծչˣӭ׶
̫ˡļ״Ͻ˫ס̫̫֣̫̫Цź֣ĿջʱеǿˣĿ΢΢һ͡
лҪ˵һ¡


 47 


ʮ£
⡢ֱ
ֱôϣ
̫̫ͷɻ, ߻뿪ֱתᾰᾰĿתģ˳ᾰĿ, ֿġ
ղһɨͬ, شġ
ϸ, ͷڣ黨ºɫ, 峺, ·һȪˮһ㣬ȸղŴִһޣӡеͬ־
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ĵͷ˵ǵ, ̡
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Ŷ, ġ
ɽӱˣ
šĻش
ǻƣ
šòصͷ
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бҵ
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ȥˡ
⡢⡭̫̫¶ı飺治˼
ûϵĴ󷽷˵ȥܶˡ
û𣿡
Ǳи˾, ֻҰְһˣûʲôݡ˵
Ŷ, ܵܡ
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ԶԶԡ̫̫ѹѯĵ˽¶, ʣģҲ
šĵͷ
𣿡
ûС
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á
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Ĳá
Ҫ⡣̫̫ķĻᡣ
ĸоԼپܾȥԵýˣᾰͶȥȵĿ⣬ᾰյˣ˵ҪȥǼҳԷɣֻҺˣ˶ȥæˡ
Ǿǡ̫̫Žӻ
ӳ˵
ᾰ˵ȥӴӳ

Ҫᾰȳᾰôһ
ûа취ֻôӦ
̫̫ڹ
ᾰȥùݽӴӳ
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ôôǮ
šҲû뵽ᾰͥôס
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ˡ
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š
û뵽֪ô
Ц
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š˳Ŵӳ˵ϣܹӳĽţҲǵһμ̫̫
ǰɣ
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仰ȻһЩԹĲؿᾰ
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ŶҿЩʲô
˽ңҺһϲãͬһˡ
ôǼƽ˵ĲͬһģĶЩˣᾰĺ֤ͬһˡ
Լķ䶼ܸĿ
ִһ룬̫̫ᾰԣ˵ҳȥһ¡
á
ᾰȥˡ
ĵͷᾰĳ룬ذڷʼǱȻ򿪱ʼǱĿԱ߱ʼǱԱһɫ˿޺ϣ˿޺ӣ򿪣һֱ
ֱʽתԼϴͬʽı
ֻŮʽֱŵʽġ
һԵģ
ᾰ
ܣһᾰûл׶ôʿֱʲôʱ׶ģ벻ͨô¶ʱᾰĽŲ
Ͻʿֱװŵ˳ְѳˣתͷᾰ
ᾰһкõ˵͹ϣԵġ
Ц˵лл̡
԰ɡᾰǰ
ĸǰ
ᾰǩһϸġ
ֽӹҧһڡ
𣿡ᾰʡ
Ҳһ¡
á
ᾰͷһϣû˯⣬̲ס˵һЩڴԺȤ¶ı߳ԱᾰоһӣһúܺÿСӣԹԵģʵʮֵĵƤƾŴڴԺԵúܿ
ҲһЩôͷ۵飬ͬʱҲ˾޵飬ͱһӺ
Ϊ˲üӰ죬ʮ߰ȻȻرŰˣȥôԶĵطΪɽô顣
Լ顣
ţĿᾰϣһԴսᾰϣΪᾰһâԽͻᾰģٿޱȣܵĽëմЩâչһЩͺĺ䲦ʲôһ
Ȼ©˸ġ
Ͻ
ᾰĵĲһʣôˣ
Ļ˵û¶ǸʱҲˣӳӦ˰ɡ
ᾰһϵʱӣͷ˵Ӧˡ
ȥɡ
á
һ¥̫̫Ĵӳӳĵ˵¥ˡ
Ϣĺ𣿡̫̫ʡ
ͦõġ˵̣лдҲһ磬Ҳûɽˡ
̫̫Щʧ˵ôͻȥס㶼ûмİְүүء
Ժлټ˵׻
̫̫ʣģ
ϻֻ˵ġ
Ǻãô˵ˣһҪǼͰ̫̫˵
áĵͷ
ᾰϽȥýӳĸɽ̫̫ûĵС˵İ⺢ӴСиëʲô˵ൣ㡣
̣ģһģ֪˺ܺõġ
Ǿͺã´ٺ;һ档
仰ڶʮһûʲô⣬ܾζ̫ԣĶûʲôҪ󣬼Ӧǵͷ˵á
ǹԺӣϣټء
š
ᾰˡ
ҵСҲſˣᾰֱӰӵСϣĴӳСᾰҪСʱ̫̫סˣһ˵
ĴӳС
ӳǵһСǾ̾һûпᾰϳתͷ⣬̫̫ᾰ˵Ҳ֪̫̫˵ʲôָᾰ¶
ᾰһºˣˣųһۣѸٵͷʮɻ
ûһᾰС
ӳʣ֪࣬ǲر᲻뿪ң
šᾰͷŶ˾˵߰ɡ
Ŀ⡣
̫̫˻֣˵ţģҪ̰
á
ӦһС˷ܵĴӳʱȴγˣᾰϽѴӴ򿪣룬ӳǺ˵
ںܿ͵˻վ
ӳεܣᾰȥ
࣬ϳᾰһƱվ
ںҵ˰СʱʼƱ
ϳ˺ܶ࣬ᾰ廤˵ǰߣ˺ųᣬ߶ˡ
ĸͶˣᾰİΧ£ߵúȣ˳֮ŷᾰ̡
һ̡̣
ӳγľû˯̣Һܿ˯ˡ
ᾰİźú˯̡
ʣô̵ĳƱˣ
һ㡣ᾰ˵ղСʱ𣿡
Ρ
Ǿͺãһɡ
á
ûãʻķӴӴŸվе䣬תͷᾰ
ᾰ˵ͷۡ
ĵͷûһᾰԼתͷȥ֪ʲôʱᾰѾվǰݹһƻһ˵ȳԵˮһʱٳ
ƻӷŵͷᾰ˶̣һʱԣãͳˣᾰͣ˳Թ֮Ҷ˯ˡ
ͷ߻һƻ
΢Ĺ⣬Ŀƻ̲סתᾰɲǣᾰעԼ
ĿɲǼഥ
лҪ˵

 48 


ʮ£һ
㡪
㡪
ͬʱ, ͷײ˱˴˵ĻͷԶŶԷȿڣһû˵, ûо, ͬʱЦ
һЦһ
˵ᾰ˵
ſʣôû˯
, أ
ҲǡĴ
ǲϴᾰʡ
ϡǸˣĶܺõӦ, ĿǰΪ˻ûΪϴ˯ù, ʣأϴ𣿡
żϡ
Ļᾰİ裬ɽӶԱһ£̲סʣ㵱ոʱǲ˯ţ
ᾰһ, Ц˵ǡ
Ӳģ
, ʱ, ܹ˯, ˯ú𣿡
ͦõġ
ҼҳԱ𣿡
ˡᾰ̫̫ͣظв, ŶûлᣬЦ˵á
šᾰǴЦ˵Ҳ˵ġ
̵Ĺϵܺ, Ǹ̳ģ
, СʱҰȽæ󲿷ʱҶǺүүһġᾰܺ, ںڰиһֱζ
ڻ𳵺ХķУö
Ĳɵò塣
Ǹ֪ʶԨ, һḻȤͯꡣᾰ˵أҲǸүү𣿡
ࡣ̲סͰԼĹ˵ᾰȥʱԭĵͯ, ǺүүദıȽ϶࣬ǰûжԱ˵ǵһͬᾰ˵
ᾰĺ棬Ŀעģʱ飬ʱۣʱ㽡
ҹԭ
ᾰ̹ϵ˵˺ܶ໰⻹˵һ˵ôĻ˴˸о˲١
ʱ·OO@@죬ͬʱһ¿ӳӴһ𻽣ӳ
ӳ̧ˣôû˯
˯ءĻش֮ʣӳ㻹𣿡
ˡӳЩε˵˵ƽʱسǵĹΣôСأǲҲ
ᾰЦˡ
ӳЦһ˵ǸϽ˯ɣȥһ£һţһ۾϶͵ݻվˡ
ᾰһۣͬʱ£˶û˵
УᾰƽţԼ˵ô໰û˵ôؾúĹϵ׽˲٣񿪳һƵģϲˡ
һ֮Ĵϣıᾰţ۾ǽڣĦϵֱӳ죬ر۾
ûһ˯ˡ
һҹ𳵺ʻţ;ͣ˼ΣּӺֻʣ·ᾰʹӳ˯ʮֳȡ
ʱ½ȥϴ̨򵥵ˢϴ󣬳ԱͿʼڸšݻվˣл𳵵ˣҪ³ĸϽʰһ£Ͻʰһ£ҪվݻվϾ͵ˣݻվϾ͵˰
ųԱĺ˿Ƿ׷ҲʮӺ󣬻ڱлվͣ
ᾰӳһ˿Сӣһ߳ݻվϱеĹһСʱسǡ
ʱ򻹲˵㣬ӳһȥ׶ջ٣ᾰӪ緹Ҫ·ϻᾰǮϡ
ᾰ֪ӳûоֻܾǰȡôӳԼһǮ
̳ƱӳƱǮˣ˵Ҫ̣ӳ粵ᾰҲͰᾰ˼˼ӸᾰԣǶᾰĸл
緹֮һά޵أͳ޻ʦһ޺
ӳ
ᾰں
ͻͻУӳԶԶؿɽӣ˵ش˵ѶǵĹѣɽӣǻڰ
ᾰЦ
ӳ˶ˣֱӿίԱᣬʱɽӸո¹ˣԱ֪Ƕ֪ᾰʹӳˣһԺӡ
ӳҪûУһ֪ʡ
ˣӳش
Żƣ׶С𣿡һԱʡ
ˣЦŻش𣺡ˣ
Ա֪Ƿ׷׶ԱߣΧʵĴӳϰ˹Ա֪࣬ɵͳԼƵ嵥ƷƣǮٲ
ӵԺӻһƬõԼƷԱ֪ǣֺʲô㿴ңҿ㣬ߴߴ
ʲô
˿࣡
Ǯһ˫
һǮһ˫ҪƱģΪҪһأһǮأо׬ˡ
ѽÿſѽ֪Ҳһ˫ˣҲĸ𣿡
ǰʲô
ѩ࣬ţر㡣
ĺÿ
㿴˿Ҳúÿоûɫôÿģ
İæģ۹á
ǿɲĶıˣһǮء
֡
Ҳˡ

ЩԺ⣬һЩԱ֪࣬е̾ơ˿еȵȡ
۸ҲǶĽѣûİæ
һЩƷȷʵã̲ס佱ܸһԵǲͣطۣ캺ƽֱֱģԱཻ֪ᾰԱߴ֣ĬпŮȥô䡣
ְһܡ
ĺᾰ
ľɵҲԼʲôݣôܹᾰⲻҿӦûͷమģԹеŭ
۹зǳ⡣
ΪԼᾰᾰֻǼһ㣬ỹǵÿʵԺ϶ᾰչĺãȴ
׾
Ĳˡ
ƽͻȻһ
캺ƽڡ
Դᾰӱĺ캺ƽһֱ鲻ãþûˣֲܵģһ캺ƽ˵캺ƽɫǲ̫ãʣʲô¶
ôӳӴ𣿡
ûС
ǽһ˵˵
캺ƽ˵ʲô˵ɡ
Ĵ˿ҶȥΧᾰˣҲûʲôע캺ƽСʣƽس𣿡
سǣ
Ǵ󲿷֪඼ɣ
߲ǻȥֻ¸ɻ
캺ƽ쿴ڡ
ʣȥӣˡʱ򵱹ʲôģƷǶǸһȵġ
캺ƽʣԻȥԵˣ
ڵͷԡ
ôȥؼ⡣
лҪ˵㻹һ

 49 


ʮ£һµ
ҸҼ˷˵籨˵
ʲô籨캺ƽʡ
, ҲˡڼҾ㲻ӵĿģΪ˹ũѧԺܽ׶ѧ, ڹũѧƶȡ, Ҳûдµ, ͨϵسǣҲ˻һˡ
Իȥ𣿡캺ƽŰɵʡ
ȻԻȥ˵ұ׶, Ϊʲôܻȥ
ҡ
Ҳ׶, ҿ԰ȥڽ˵ϴҸ˵׶Ǳ߿˸е˺üٸˣе궼, ҪڼҵĻ, ϶, һ¹ʮǮء
һ¹ʮ飿
ɽ׷ֺҲʮǮ, 캺ƽһӾĶ, ڹũѧƶȡˣץسǵˡ
ѵҪƧĵλһ
ģ
һǰ, Ǿڵİ, ˴ѧҲͦõġ
ڹôӹ˽׼, иƷ, סҷķӣҲ泯죬, ã
˲滮õᾰҲûôŭĸᾰɣȵһᾰˣ϶ûиԼ
ôһ룬泩࣬ʱĲͷͳͳɢ
˵ҲɵºʣԸң
ȻˡͿ캺ƽġ
¶ܳ𣿡
ȻܳɣҸ綼˵϶ܳɵġ
캺ƽͷϲãǿѹ˷ûбֳ˵Һ׷ǹʣԸ𣿡
Ըģǡ˵һ˿ߣ˵ǺѣҸôңֻҪ˵϶ġ
̫ˣ캺ƽѿڶž;ԼĿĹˣǰעתϣ˵Ͳطܿˡ
šڵͷ
캺ƽЩȲʣʲôʱٸдţ
˵дš
캺ƽ⣬˵ͷ
˵ʱҲˣȥʳóԷɡ
캺ƽȻӦ
Ҫ뿪ʱᾰӴԺѾӴĶԱ֪ǣŵĶΪԼġ
캺ƽˣᾰû˵ΪɽӵĻƣӦضԱ֪һͬʣʵϲ캺ƽ
Ҫľʵкһ캺ƽתߣڸǷһۡ
üһ
ⷴӦ⣡
ð˵滰ˣܺãתͷᾰ˵߰ɣؼҡ
ᾰͷ
˻ûең̫̫˵Ļˣ߸ϣԶԶؿģһ󺰡
Сģ
㣡
̣Ĵ󲽳ǰߡ
̫̫˼߹һĵĸ첲Цݵʣʲôʱģ
ողŻĻش
·˳𣿡̫̫ʡ
˳
Է𣿡
ûС
˰ɣǸϽȥԷɣ˾²ҶŸոãǸϽȥ԰ɡ̫̫Ц˵
á
̫̫ҪӹеĲ
˵ãֲأصĶ֪Ƕ
̫̫ſᾰ
ᾰգôһվǰڲſȻ̫ˣЦź̫̫к
һ˼֮ľͰĶͳĵͼıõͷ黨̷ۡ»ֵ䡢СЬȵȣСĶ̫̫һ汧ԹһԶĲˡ
שͷƵ»ֵ䣬ʣ㣬ҵģ
û˵úѧϰϲ𣿡ʱѧϰֵʱʱĽԴѷѷ˼飬ֲܶʶʮֳŸ˱»ֵġ
ϲǳϲǸѧϰĺӣ˵ҿԺͬһˡ
šصصͷֵ»ֵ䡣
һ̨ոµǰСһӡ
ȵؿᾰ
ᾰ˵㲻ϲÿһ
ûյôصˣԼҽ㣬ֿԼ̣̫̫Ͻ˵֪࣬Ǹʲô
ִ֪ͳһ˫ʵطǳõǧײЬݸ̫̫˵̣˫ЬҺȥģЬסЬ涼ʵģԺϹʱ򣬴·Ҳ㡣
̫̫ȥԼһ˫Ьӣ᲻ò᲻ߵģȥϹʱЬ׺Ь룬һûע⣬ˤˡ
ҺϣȻĻ϶Ҫ¶ġ
¶֪ᾰˣϽ̫̫
̫̫£Ͻ˵ôôأ̫ˣϽɣȥ̴
̽Ŵһ㣬ˡ
ǡ
̣Űɡᾰתͷģϣ˵̫̫
벻ᾰЩ̺͵ܵܣЩжᾰŶ̫̫˵̣°ɣˣ˲ȥˣԺǶ֪һˡ
ֻ̫̫ʱ
ĵر
˵ԳԾ²ҶҶˡ
Կԡ̫̫Ͻ˵Ҹʢȥ
ȥɡ߽
ϴ֣ʢ²Ҷ
Ľ̫̫ʳϴɾľ²飬κͺۣټۣˮ;²˽һմˮĳһҶ״ڵˮУЩлͣһζɿڵľ²Ҷ
̫̫ûĺóԣĸ˻ǰѰ²ҶˣԱ̫̫֮˵˳¶
˳ûˮȶˣļĲˣĻûУЦЦ˵һ첻׬Ǯġ
ҿҲǡ̫̫˵
Ӧûɣʡ
ᡣ̫̫˵һ˵ġ
Ϳڣ
˵ٺ˵˵׬Ǯ¶
С
ʱ򣬽˳Ȼˣᾰ󣬾ϲĲˣϴģڻˣҿˣ
ᾰû˵
˳Χ˵ͣ˵ûĵգˮһ̶˶ĵգѯʡ
˳˵ĲǼٻȷʵ֮ܶĶ򲻵Ļء
Ҫǽ˳׬Ǯˡ
Ĺ˽˳һ˵ҿһ첻׬ﲻ̹
ǣ˳ϣÿǮĸоˬҺ˵㲻죬ҸоĶԾ
Ϲ˵ļ̫̫ϴ룬Ҳûˣ̫̫˳ˣһԱߵᾰֿ˳ʣ׬һδǮ𣿡
˳һǮ۶ʱ⣺룡ô׬
лҪ˵ҽԺ㻤ÿôƴظ£ǾȻۣ

ҽԺһˣĸдǽ̫ҪҲ̫ˣǣһҪˮ˶죬ģвҪŮĺһЩëÿ춼ҪֵĹ

 50 


ʮ£Χ
⽴˵
ʲô⽴˳ʡ
ƿװ⽴˵
ƿװ⽴˳, ʣƽʱڼԵֶĽֽ˶˼Ҷеģ׬Ǯ𣿡
ܡƶ˵
Ϊʲôô϶
ΪаıǶóԡ˵
ĳŵģֻǡ˳Щǡ
㲻ң
㡣ᾰͻȻ˵
Ŀᾰ
ᾰ˵һ飺㡣
΢΢һ, ᾰһЦ
˳Լϴô˵, ͷ˵, Ҳ㣡ǲ֪ôͻȻô뷨ˣ
Ϊʱ⡣
ʱ⣿
ţ㿴, Ҳȥ׶, ǵͻܵӰ죬ΪûʲôӷģԺһӷⶼķǳõģǾǵгˣ
˳ͷ
Ľ˵ƿװ⽴Ͳһ, ڳ, Խʱ, ԺܴԼĿڱ, سǵĺ, ȥط
ԣ˳˼·һ±ˣ˵ԣ㲻֪첻, سǻ, ±׬Ǯѽ, Ժ׬Ǯ
һԣʡ
һԣ
Ǿôˣ
У˳ͷʣӻ𣿡
𣿡ʡ
ˡ
Ǿͼ
Уֿ׬Ǯˣ˳һ׬Ǯͷǳˡ
ҾͲ˵, ҵøϽϴˮˡ˵ȻҪϴ˯ˡ
Ұ㡣ᾰ˵
Ҳ㡣˳˵
ǻϴ𣿡ķʡ
ᣡᾰ˳һ˵
İŰɣᾰ˳ˮгϽŽľ, һˮ֮һò˵һüؿʼϴˮȻЩ׾ģ
ֵĻᣬϴٶȷǳ죬СʱͰ󳦸ϴˣĿɿڴġΡ֮ģϴҲѾûһľˮϴĸɸɾġ
ᾰֱʣô
̲סᾰ˴Ĵָܺá
ᾰЦˡ
˳ǹЦ
һԵ̫̫Ҳᾰ˳мӡ
ĵݸһӣö˺úϴϴ̧֣ʱ䣬Ѿŵˣ˵ʱ䲻ˣǸϽȥɣ˳·עⰲȫ´ξͲҪôˣ̫ȫˡ
֪˳ٺЦš
ᾰ˵֪࣬ҲȥϢɡ
ãҲϢ
š
ѽ˳ᾰ֮ϣˮ򵥵ϴһ֮վ̫̫ķ䣬̫̫ڵ£ֵؿԼһ˷ܺҸܵȾЦŽ̫̫ķ䡣
̫̫Ų˵СģԺɱˣʲôȱˡ
áϴӦţ֪ȱĶ̫ˣ
㣬»ֵãʲôֶܲ顣С˵ǵģСˣһͶι˲٣峺ûһڻļ󣬷ʮֵĿɰ
𣿡ʡ
һ鰡ҿͻˡ˵ʶ֣ôдˣԲƴʶ֣ƫԲףܹ֪ˡ
ôĳޣǵСʱһ»ֵʱ򣬿֣֪ôãүүؽ֪»ֵֵ
Լˣ
Ϊ
СС;ô㣡
㣬㿴ᾰķְɡʡ
ûСԴ
¶ЦݣͻȻ뵽ʲô˵㣬֪Һ̶ˣôûи㣿
ıʵһ㶡
̫̫Ҳġ
һ£˵ҺʹӳԹˣԹˣͲҪˡ
Եͷ
Īһ˵̣Ѿˣ˯ɣҲȥ˯ˡ
ȥȥɡ
תصԼķ䣬ڴϣǽڣǽڵһᾰҲ֪ᾰ˯ûУҲ֪ᾰڸʲôͷһðһôͻȻᾰˣ
ⲻ̫
ϽѡᾰִԺߣǿб۾ڰ볱ˮһӿ˯֮Уڶ죬ϵʱ·̫̫һСԵʱᾰĵѾˡ
ġᾰһ
֪࣬ôô磿
ҰСԡ
ãҺ̡
Ҳ˯ˣԺŴ򿪰ɡ
á
Ҳ˯ˡ
ֻðԺŴ򿪡
ᾰʱ̫̫һᾰˮȽϴ󣬽˳һģŹġ
̫̫˵һˣᾰȻ˹ǰʼջ̫̫ˮһһŽĶѿζ±ϰϹǡ
ֿʼ淢⡣
̫̫͵ѾѺˣʱӦðڶĽӵģմ׶õˮʱѾˡ
Ķڶ϶ɽ˵ע⣬ûжڶˣ̫̫ߦƤڹгʮÿˮһѺ˿ȥظһ۶֭ľ²ˣϴɾ˦ˮգĩС
ȡӣһͣĻ˽ǡ㡢жΡƬ󣬰Ѵ͵ȼյĹС
ڸʲôջᾰʡ
͡˵
ᾰû˵ʲôŻӵףûŵ㣬ŵϵ㣬رţ鲻Խز׿ġ
⻬ĿרעضŹܵĽë΢΢һ£﷢ȣЩԳ
̡˵
ᾰϽʣʲô
Ŀᾰ˵̡
ŶᾰϽ˸
з̵֮ľǱ˵ζдеĴ㡢㡢Ͱ˽ǵº㣬ˮ
ȴʮֵȡȥ͵ϣ»Ƴγεͣͱ²ĩУ裬һס²еˮݣһ²
ʱż뼦ĺ˿Σȡ
һݼ²˷˿ڶˡ
㰡̫̫˵
첻ˣǵһذӣһذӣһ˳һ˵ţͰ̫̫˰ӡ
ᾰĹҲյĲ̫̫࣬ӣǲģʱ俴ˣںҲѧһ㣬ģ
˶ܿ졣
ܿͰڶˡ
ˮҲˣİˮ̳ŵԱˮݣ߰Ѱר롣
ȵӲʱѾˮˣŸƿ룬һɹ۵˳ʱһʯҵϣžһ
ǽ˳İš
ɽ賿ž˳󺰴УͺԼʯŵķʽ
ȥšᾰ˵
á
˳ᾰһ񷿾ŵһζɵ÷һ̾㰡
ãһζļӸ̫̫ᾰͽ˳
ͬʱҧһڣİƤʶ֭ľ²ˡ⻬Ŵĺ˿мζһӿǻֻཻ֯ζһҲаӣһʤ
ͬʱ˵óԣ
Ц˵ҾҲǡ
˳ڸˣ˵ģٸһ԰ɡ
Ǯģ˵
Ȼˣٳ

ᾰЦ
˳ɲسӡ
ᾰҲ
ʵ̫óˣ̫̫ûпסҲ˳ᾰҪǮĶܾˣİӣһһ
˳ʵʵذгϣгҪ뿪
˵ʱĢĻҾȥɽ
ãǽ˯ɡ
ᾰ̫̫ȥ˯
˳΢ڵĴ·ϣг˺УһĲ˶Χ˹
𵹣ˣ
û󳦣һڡ
㣬鷢⡣

˳ǸҷԴˣϹ˿͵飬Ϲ˿͸ӵ飬Ҫӣ˾²˼ӡ
һЩ˲ܣþ²˼˿Ӻһļ۸񣬳߯ˣԳһ£ذζĺãһٶȽذӣ⼫á
ɫŸոʱ򣬽˳Ѿˣϲ̵һ˲֪ĵطʵˮ⣬ȴûҵĢʱҲˡ
ȥʱˣɽӵԱ֪ǶˣôС·ȥļҲпܱ֡
һ¿гصгӣʱ׬Ǯˣ̣ʲô֪˵Ǹƿװ⽴᲻Ҳأ
Ӧûɣ
ҲҪӷˮͿǮ׬Ȼ˵㣬ʲô׵أ
ôһ룬˳
ɵþʹ˿ڡ
ŴţǰиӰʮֺ棬ƽʱˡ
ɽӵ˰ɣ
Сʻ괬˳Ͻ۾ǰر죬캺ƽгڡ
ˣ
˳֪ͦϲˣ˲ʡ͵ĵƣϽͷӿгٶȣ캺ƽԶʱಡһ캺ƽ
⵹һ
гϣʱ·г˭תͷȥһӰԽԽ죬캺ƽƽոг˭
ʶ캺ƽֱ˵ػشŲгȥ˭Ӷǻ׶ˣһʮǮĹʣԺ˵ְܹ
ؽɴشߴڸϽдţһǴɽӾȳȥŴϰдˣһЩǣݵʮֲܺãϾųȥ
ʾֲϰࡣ
˷ܵ˯ţ첻ûʹǮһڵĴӣڽѣسȥš
̵𴲣ϴױҪ¶ڣڣȵһгĹǰӰһĶǹǰ̡
ҿӰе졣˵
𣿡캺ƽĲɵӦ
ǰгϻҲ֪װʲôô˵ţĿֱֱŽ˳Ž˳һСڵ㣬תɽӡ
ɽӵˣ
ɻֽ࣬ⲻôʱ캺ƽŵ¶עϣ캺ƽ˵ŻسǵһЩţ̵ģѾص׶һ
ûһسǡ
ʱʾָոտţһ̨캺ƽر󷽵Ʊŷϣһȷ˵ַõַżĲż˵С
ر𽻴ʾֹԱһҪԴţһж֮캺ƽһ˵ڣ˰ɣ
캺ƽֽԼڡˣеôУ˿˿ģЩߵصͷš
ȥӪԸ緹ɡ
áڵͷ
һӪ꣬˰ӡԣԵı֮Ҫһسǣ캺ƽ᲻һʮ˵첻Ҫˣȹɡ
Ϊʲô˵ҽ䡣
֪췢Ǹʱٹ䣬ǹ죬ô캺ƽӺ˵Ҳ쵽ˣҲ˫Ьˡ
Եͷ˵ãġ
ţǻӰɡ
á
캺ƽĳƬ֮ǡಡһڹػ֮еһתͷһֿ˽˳
ǲ֪˳˭
˳гϵˣ֣ܾʲô¶˳ΪһŶ˲ơ
ʲôˣô캺ƽڣǵϴɽϳˣβ֪ûϳ
ûס
˵ڼţҲ֪¼᲻ʲôӰ죬ôţҪ¶˵һ
ָʲôè塣
߽˳ڣǱҲ˳ôֿϤıӰأûк캺ƽ˵ǰ档
гϰţ쵽ɽӵʱȻˣոǸǡү
ԣ
ǽү
Ϊ˳ԣһȥӪ⽳ԣӪˣĲˡ
ȥй䣬ү⡢Ӻˮʲôģ˳ԣζá
˰£ֱӰǮˣûмȵǮˣ
˵ͨ˭Ӻôװˮʲôģ
ԣ
ˮʲôĶˡ
ǿյģ
յôᵽɽӾûأ
ѵ˵ЩرóԵķ⡢Ӻˮʲôģɽĳģ
øү
ȻɽСԣУҪſһһĶɵģʱԾͽųԣҪǽүˣ͸߹˵Ͷѣ˵ѧʱһףʱץУҲӲ
ôһ룬ھȤζɽӣϹģ͸һۣûվɹ
ʱڵɹӣرϳԵĶĹˣرүİӷˮǺó԰
ûгԹôóԵİӡ
ϧүֻ峿ڳԲˣ̿ˮż
һĻʳ˹Ѷζ֮˯ˣڶʱʳûʲô͵Ĳ˰ӣһ׽˳
ߵ·룬˷ؿֿûӰҲԼվŲ̫ãĵسһն㣬㶨ԴĴʱ򿴵һгĺӰӰͺŵȷǽү
˼ˡ
үˣ
лҪ˵첡һС̽СһֱֲֹҸƴˣo(st)o

 51 


ʮһ£ٱ
̫ˣ
è, ֱֱעŽ˳͵Ž˳ʻʱȥס˳
˳Դ˻Ȼ֪
زгӣܿ˿, ûпɵĵط, 󵨵ǰ, Ȼͬһ·ɽӡ
ƺ̫ȫ
ûһˣ
˫һгͷһת, ˳Сɽȥ, նèŵڴһ£⡢үô·ˣߣøףת, СظŽ˳
˳˳Ժſ, һۿΧһԷһ˺ᾰ
ϴ, , , ˳
˳ˡ̫̫Цеվ
ķеͷʱᾰѾ, ԺŴ򿪡
ллϴ󡣡˳г߽
ǰʣô
˵أ˳ӡ
֪ⲻ, һ䣺ûӣǾ²˼˿ڶ, ûн𣿡
ôóô˽⣡˳һܽӣ˵㲻֪, һ֣Ҷӣ
ٿˡ
ûпţ
ʲô
ûĢ˵Ž˳ͰгͣԺˡ
û𣿡ʡ
š˳˵˼طûĢ, ɵʪĶûУµʱ䣬ԾûˣϽˣȵһȣҵȻȥһԣҪԵϾ͸͹
СĵͷᾰһŽ˳ϵ˵ˮʰɫܺء
ǿɲǣĵĿ佱˳ǵ˵һˮ͸ϽˣĶźóˣ·ˣ˭
˭ʡ
캺ƽڡ
ᾰĶͬʱһ٣һ̧˳
˳ͷͻһʣǿҸʲôûϳҺͳΣȥһλһΡ
Σʡ
ԣҶǵͷȥġ
ȷûϳ𣿡
ҡ˳ȷˡ
һ⣬Ů֪˽⣬ĺܣڼҾͱ֪粻ͬڹΪʽȡùũѧʸڶԹûôִŵ׷ʱʱһˣһˣģʮֵС
һϳ˳϶ᱧšġ̬˳ǸʲôģôͻŽ˳뵽̧ᾰ
ᾰÿġ
Ŀഥһ˲䣬ͬʱץӣϽӸϵˡ
ȴ֪ѾѸղŵĶԻࡣ
𾪼ˡ
Ȼ뵽ĵĳգ֮ĸ캺ƽ͹ηݣշǳԽ˳ÿİӡ±ˮģ
ģ
϶ģ
뵽ļҾǺģ۶ԵģأĴ·Ьӻӡ
ЩǮģ
z:#%*֡Ͷģ
ڻǰʱһףΥ飬Ҫܵӵĳͷġ
ڽҷģΪõϼıãҲܹĳԹͷôһ룬Ǽ˷ܣתȥץӳ
Ȼ뵽ԼóȻȥҴӳǣӳŲ˵һƱ磬ҵ֤ݳһŴ棬гŵװˮȷСسԺӺܡ
ԺӺһƬأʰľȻССǡˡ²˵ȵȣûпտЩŵǽҪ͸ƾɵĴӿڵ
Ǵ̫ߣ
Ĵ˿˿ʯͷڽ£ż⣬͸ӷ϶￴ķڰ裬һŴһӡһӡϷú͵ȵȣȥʮָɾɨһۣɨβһʵոµ·һ˫ոµĲЬ
ȥ̫̫ķ䡣
ûз쳣
ʯͷһոµ»ֵһ̨ոµ

Ȼ
һһ׬ǵǮôණ
ԽԽԼҵ֤ˣھͲĵķ䣬Ӧþǿ񷿵Ǹˣذʯͷŵڴ棬һβȵʯͷ棬ƴӣǴǹŵġ
ôƶƲ
ô죿
ŴӴ쳯ӣֻܿģǸľӣֻҪתľ˨ܴ򿪴ӣͷȡһ֧˳ľӵϸ죬Ťתľ˨
ǡһľԶ򿪣̿˷龰
ȿֽõǽ棬ǳɫĻƣʮֺÿǽеذڷŴӡӺľӣľһӣԱ߷ӡѩࡢӵȵȡ
ǱȽģڳԾĵĴϣӡĵ޴ӡͷ׵ģɸɾģھȵĴͷŵֵͲСӡӡֱһ顣
ķȳﶼ
Ȼĵģ
ģ
ֵͲģ
ģ
ֱģ
Ųⶼᾰģټ̫̫·ЬӺ±ȵȡ
ЩҲҪһʮǮ
׷ֺֻʮǮ
ʣµһٿǮģ
Ͷģ
һͶģ
һҪ㱨ӣ¶˼ʱһףߵعϴӣʯͷת䣬С·ӴԺȥʱ̫ѨͻͻͣԲ·
ôˣᾰʡ
ͻȻеĻšҲ֪ôˣܸоʲôõ鷢ˡ
Ļʲôᾰ˵˳Ѿˣʲôģٳһɡ
룬ᾰЦЦԼǶˣ΢Ц˵Ҳˣұˣȥʰһ׼Ϲ
ȥʰɣϴ롣
ᾰԷҲһˣҲûаˣһ̧Լķ䣬ʱѾɽӣ˳Ŵ϶ڷڵĵϣ۳һο顣
Ŀɨο飬Ҫ߽ǰʱȻоԾ˲ͷ򳤷ι飬˳Ź·ߣһת򷿼ӵĺ󴰣΢΢򿪡
һϽܳ䣬ֱֱԺȥ
ġ
Сģʲôȥ
㣡
ᾰ̫̫ͬʱģĲܲ˵سԺܣ˶ʮƣ׷׸ģѾܵԺ󣬿ԼпʯͷʯͷһҵĽӡӡһֱӵأСо²˱ȵ˲١
ôˣᾰܹʡ
ָָʯͷ
ᾰתȥĿ΢΢һͣſģǷӦƵģϽԼԺܣᾰȥ̫̫һ⣬Ҳܡ
ͬʱŵĻڡ
ѸٵܵӴԺӣԺڼũĴӳ͸ӳӳӳ
ӳͬʱתͷӳ˵֪࣬簡⻹Ϲʱأʲô¶
ӳҪٱ֪˵
⼸ɽΪʳһͷɻԱСС֣ûг¶Ҳûоٱ¶֪ȻҪٱɽ˭ֵþٱӳʣٱ˭
ٱģ
лҪ˵㻹һ

 52 


ʮ£Ѳ
ٱģ
ӳӳͬʱ𾪵ؿ, ӳŵʣ֪࣬˵ʲô
ڴȻ˵˵Ҫٱģ
ӳӳһֿۣͬʱڣʣٱʲô
ٱͶѣ
ɣӳ̲סһ
ӳ, 
Ķģӳʡ
ļУ˵
ӳӶͬʱĬ
ֱ׳˵ӳ, ӳ, ֪ɽӵԱӵĻ, ƫ̻, ǽƽᣬɽӸһƽȵĵطһԱ֪࣡ӳӳһˣ
ӳ򸱶ӳ
ӳҲӳ
ƽʱԱ֪ǰ齲ñ, ˿Ҳѧϰһ, ǲĻͶѵ, Ըȥġ
ڰѻ˵, ǲܻװʲôû
ӳתͷ˵֪, ͶѿɲС飬Ҫ˵Ļ
Ըܳͷڴ˵Ǹ
Ǹɲеġӳ֣ص˵
ʣǻҪô
ڴ
û⣡ۿĺͽү, ۿĵġݳޡ, ܶܲģֻҪӳȥ, һĿȻˡ
ôᶨӳӳɻ, ѵ˵Ͷѵ顭ܣôԲִ, ǵȥ
߰ɡӳ˵
ߣӦ
һӴԺӳ˳ŴĴ·ļߣʱԱ֪Ϲѧʱ䣬·вˣӳӳ׷״к
ӳð
ӳãӳá
ӳϾҪϹˣȥĶѽһԱλӳһ֪һ𣬾ò̫ԾЦһ䡣
ӳشڿڱ˵ȥġ
仰һʯͶһ˲伤˻Ա֪һ¾סˣҪ֪顱һµĺ塣
ǡ
š
ǡѾþûзˣǴʱ˿ִһ֮ɫ˲صؿӳ
ӳЦ˵ȥ鿴鿴ѡ
Ա֪ɫԻ⣬ǶԴӳ˵Ϊǳ˺棬һĬĬظ˴ӳ˺棬ӳתͷСغ˵֪࣬û¶һ˵עһ㣬öĵӰ첻á
붥ӳһ䣬˵ҲܣתһϾܿĵЦˣҲʱĿ֮ˣǶԴӳ˵֪ˡ
ӳӳֿһۡ
˼ļߣûеļңͿ̫̫·߹
ӳӳЦͬ˴кʣһģȥʲôѽ
ӳ˵㡣
ңĺʡ
ԣĺ¶ڽӹ˵
ʲô¶Ĳʡ
Ͷѵ¶ָĴ˵·ѾһҪװˣ
̫̫һס
˴
Ա֪Ƕһ
ӳӳġ
ɫ糣ʣʲôʱͶѵˣ
ںЦһ˵춼㣬Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
֪࣬˵Ҫ֤ݵģ˵ڿ˵׻ǻбӦģ
˵ʵҵĳˮ̵ķ·Ьӣܵܵķ»ֵ䣬·ķӺ¾ӣ´֡ѩࡢֵͲӣֱȥõʮǮֺ죬ôǮЩ
ڻһ䣬̫̫ɫѿȭְս
֪Ƿ׷׾ȣԱǸǾ̾ǵļżǺƶģôôöЩûмġ
ֵͲ
ӡ

һȵؿģĲʣĶЩģ
ҺĴ￴ģ
ʱûʲôַ˽һ˵Ҳ÷ɵֶΣ˵֪࣬㿴˰ɣҼô˵ЩõʮǮҺ̵ܵ·ˣǶüﻹǮġ
˵Ͷѵˣն顣
ûУҽûسں
§ļͷ˵֪࣬ôĵܹңûأ
ڽžͽӻҾ͵Ǹд֣ڴһǰʡ
ټһ˵
ʲôʡ
ʮ°ʮĺǳԣ
û⣡
֪סڵڣҲ㵲ˣɴ̹̹ģ˵ӳӳΪ飬ۼΪʵͲɡ
ãŻƾɷǳߣӳ佱һ䣬ͷߵĸǰʱС˵һ䣺ˡ
ҶġС˵
Ŵӳ˳ӴԺʱС˵ȥѧɣͳٵˡ
ᶨ˵ҲҪͽһѡ
ĻȴǸůСԴ˵߰ɡ
š
̫̫Ŵӳǰߣ󻹸ŲԱ֪࣬ߵԺſڣ֨ѽһ죬̧ȥᾰŵȷӲӳ˺¶ȵʣӳǸʲôϹ𣿡
ϡӳӻ˵֪ٱͶѵ飬ʱ·һ¡
ôܣᾰЦ˵ŻÿģæĽŲ֭أʱͶѵ顣
ǡӳ˵
Ҳɡᾰе߽顣
߽СԺӣӳڡ
˵ˮ϶ڳ
ӳһģ˵Ǿȥһ
һ̾Ϳʼ׸ס׺ˮ׵ĸӣˮģ涼ûжٶƿعĹǣ򿪲˳ĳţڹǰĲ̣˵ˮˣȶûм
ˮأӳ˵ôûпأ
˳ģ϶ǱĲˣǣˮԲأż˵ķǲزסģ
˵϶ǵķڳ̫ȫˣ
תͳߣѾòϵˣͷܶ˶᲻ûʲôֵǮĶ󲿷˶Լһӣϵűϣ͵ˡ
ؽ⿪
̫̫˵ӣ´λá
ںЦһѲűϣ߽ѯһķλã֪²һﰵ⣬ֱֱĵķ䡣
ķһ̣ɵˡ
лҪ˵ûۣ˵

 53 


ʮ£
ôˣ
ķǽ˺ÿֽ, ӵǽǾɱֽϵĵֵͲֱӡСʲôģûˡⲻĵķ䡣
ת̫̫ķȥ, ֮ǰ»ֵ䡢Ьʲô, ͳͳûˡ
ûˣ
ġ
һɻʣ֪, 㿴𣿡
͵תͷ˵϶ˣ
ˣʡ
ľˣ
𣿡̧߽ľӣִľ, ֻľֻȼ·, ǴҶ֪ĲϣûʲôصĶתʣ֪࣬Ķˣ
ڴףڴ˵
վŲ, ؿڡ
û, ûСԱش
ǡǡһ¾ͻ, ۿүˮ, Ҳۿ̫̫˷ġݳޡƷ, ۿģ, ϶˲, Ȼ뵽ᾰָᾰ˵ᾰ, ϶ǲᾰС
̫̫һ
ɫԽء
ĵƽ
ᾰɵؿڡ
ƶ˵֪ķ
ᾰʣûأ
϶У
ᾰӳӳ
λӳЩ䷳ӳ˵֪, ɽᳫලᳫһ˵Ĳض, һ˵֪ĵĶ˵ȥǲҪɽӵԱ֪Ƕһ飿
ǰ˵ļضˣӶһˣһֵǮĶûв鵽Ҫ֪ǲĻǲ֪أʱԱȥˣ̲ס
һԱ׷׸о˵еһһָڣھЩңԱô˵ңұգԴǵش˵Ϊɽӵ룬ӳһͶѵ˶֪ôǣǻܳΪʾ𣿡
ʲô֤أԱʡ
ȥᾰķӿһ֤ܿˣ˵
˵ͿԺﶼȫˡ
Ϊӣֲ͵
ʱҪ˵Ȼоӱקһ£תͷһᾰᾰЦһ£ת˵ȥɡ
ûУᾰԸˡ˵
ЦŽһ䣺Ը飬˵̹𣿡
ɫʱãᶨԼȷԣۿ˳Ĺۿļĸ֡ݳƷôʱڲˣ϶ᾰķ϶ǣ
ڲĺԱǵ䳰ȷһҵˮֱ֮󣬿Щͳͳ죬ͳͳŷ
ôһ룬һ˵䳰ȷ߳ԺӣֱֱߵᾰĲſڣתͷӳӳλӳ
λӳʵڲںˣѾеزԱǶˣǵŪֻ࣬ȥƿᾰķš
顱һ
۾ˡ
̫̫ľһ
ְš
ԱǷ׷ͷȥᾰķþɱֽǽڣһľ崲һӣһ飬һӣһӣӹһһ·ˣɸɾҲû
ʲôˮʲôֵͲͳͳûС
̫̫һ㶣ϽĴ鿴
Ҳ΢΢ȡ
ӳӳǽؿ
ԱǸĴкµʣ֪࣬ĵͶѵĶصĶȥѽ
ɫ˲䷢˰ףûвᾰȻûУǶˣ
һʼԼЩ۹ˡ
ӳӳͬʱתڣӳɫһʣ֪࣬㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ
㶵ġ
ûץĵĲǣԱǴӿʼΧۣѾ˲ˣǲֹһεؼʶģҲ͸ģ۸ļ˵ôһͶѡʵڹˣһԱ̲סָָ
ʲôͶѽ㿴𣿡
ûУ㿴𣿡
ûͶѣҿ֪ļʡ
ҿ۽ˡ
ǰһ˵˼кöһ˵˲ؽأأĶأʲôûп
ǰڰˣ֪֪ߣ
滵ûôġ

С֤ݡ֧ԼԲԱɣ֤ݡȻ޴ˣû˵һ
Աָһһ󣬺ݲضʧ
֪࣬ûл˵𣿡ӳʡ
ҧ
ǾǸɡӳͷ˵
ڳԾؿӳտڴӦ˴ӳĵҪ󣬾ûᷢԼϣû뵽Ǹд¶ķԼϣһ˫˫۾Լ
ѹˣߺ޵ţԼˣԺ϶úõĽѵģߵĸǰǳԸ˵ŻƣԲסҿˣ
ûûбʾܣҲûбʾܡ
תͷ˵ӳͻȥд顣
ϾϹˣϻȥдڴɡӳ˵ԴȻӻΪദ
ѹеĲӦһá
תҪߡ
Ŀ˵һ¡
ͣͷġ
˵һ
üʣһʲô
ʮ°ʮĺǳԣ˵ɽʮ°ʮĺжһʮǵİٶʮŴม
İٶʮţ
İٶʮţ
һǮĿŴǣǮİٶʮţ
ʮǮ
ʮǮ
˺þûиǮˣĶŪʮǮǺˣ鷢زˣѾûˣӲͷƤ˵˾䡰֪ĵġ֮ǵλǱ뿪ļС
ӳӳ¿ġ
ӳ˵ģʵڲ˼֪ʵٱɽӵĹأӦع˽һ
ӳҶȥ֮ǰ..ûнɢʱ򣬱˵ʲôٱˣһԣпɱԱ̲飬ӳӳΪºˡ
㶮ͺãҲҪʲôһۣһž¼ӳ˵
áĵͷ
ô֪ڼ΢ʰһ£һȥϹٵӳ˵
ллӳ
ӳһЦתͷԱ˵ߣʼϹ
ӳôһ˵ԱǸϽسӼϵܡ
ûһſֻһ˺ᾰˣһ̫̫ͬʱ΢΢һЩɫɲ٣һᾰ
ĺʣ֪࣬ǼҶأ
лҪ˵Ƚæһ˫

⣬椶ԾٱѲ³вͬĿ˵һ¹
ʵ¼ĵġ
ǰӵʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ٱѲģʱաʲôˣӵĶӳˣĿԱΪֱӵԱȥ飬ʲô˽ɶģڵģ࣬ӲɵȻ˵Ͳ顣
˵ٱˡ
ٱ¶ҲУʵ߲ʵٱӶȥ飬Ͳ飬Ųʲô˽լɶġڶԾٱߵĳͷʲôЦͿˡ


 54 


ʮ£ֹ
ˡᾰ˵
Ķˣ˳˵֮, ˾ģϽѽ˳ˣڷַӺпʯͷɽӡ֮˲ʶΣ, صʰ, ̵ܷܵΰöʱ, ᾰܡ
ʱѡᾰ
ۿᾰ, һ̧ӳ˹, Ѹٰ̺͵ܵܣ˵ӭӴӳˣһЩԸӣۿڰìͷָᾰ, Ķᵽɤ۶, û뵽ᾰûټ
˶ɻĶˡ
һȫĵطᾰ˵ڻȥõʱ, ȵ˵
ĵͷ
ȥϹɡᾰ˵
תͷȥο̫̫, ҵĹ, ̫̫仰֮, Ķ
ȥѧˡ
ᾰ̫̫һȥϹˡ
ĽҪȥ󳡺ͼǷԱһ, ûȥ칫ңֱȥ󳡡
вԱ֪, Ҷ˵ڳˮ¶˵ھ۽ļûг¶, ȻĻڸͲôţ˵˵žͰһ, ͷŵ
ĹԱϽοģϣĲҪ룬ҲҪ£ӻԽԽõģԺǸ˳
ѹû¶ϣǲԶЩ󣬸ߣҧضġ
Աһ֮󣬿ʼغͼǷԱӳأʱһɽһЩҰĢϹ
ϳԹûһͺ
Ŀᾰ
ᾰͷߡ
ĸųߡ
Сܵߣ㣬Ҳȥ
ȥʲôʡ
ǼҵĶ
㲻ȥ
Ϊʲô
һǼңԿٵظͨ籨ţҪǺһȥˣһڼӦ˵
һæͷ
ĸᾰ߳Ժӣ߹񷿣߹һƬڵС֣һھǰͣ߷һƾɵľͰľͰϵӡ
ʣ⾮ס໧˼ңмл˼ҷ޳ܣӺũҩˣ˼ﺦ£ᵽӴԺӸסˣҲ֣Щƽʱû˹ھһֱˡ
šᾰȥƾľͰ
ŷľͰǿһм䡣
ᾰ˳ľͰϵסһĶĶ
ˡᾰ˵
ֽӹ˵лл㡣
أࡣᾰûзֱ֣߽С
̧ϡ
վļƬҶϣԵҹ⾲ףʮֵľ裬ĴţҶվţܵı仯
𣿡ᾰͻȻʡ
ʲôһʱûס
˵أ
֪ᾰ˵С¶Ǻܹؼһ꣬һϵеĺϢʮһȫٿгȫţʱһвϷҹһϲԵģֻҪټһ꣬һж˳ˣҲѾͷˣЦ˵Ȼ
𣿡
¡
ǻҪ
һʧأδɹ֮ǰʧܵĿܣ𣿡˵ЩʱĿᾰ
ᾰƵעӵ˵Ҳ˵
˵ʲôʡ
ᾰ˵˵ָЩЩҵʱ򲻺𣿲ҰЩȥ𣿡
Ҳµġʵʵ˵
ţᾰʡ
һѡ㡣
ᾰ΢΢ͷǳǳЦ⣬һ
Իȥ˰ɣļΧûκ춯ᾰ˵ҿΧѾûˡ
šᾰͷ
ŵǰߡ
ᾰߵſڡ
ֱӽԼԺӣԺǽӹᾰݹû̷Žǲ˵ؽУ˳ӵؽȡ֮ǰõĻƶ
ƶѡÿĻƶˮһҹڶڹ죬̳ˮۣһۣʹƶһۣŽУһ޲
ŵؽз죬ÿʹĻƶ϶һëʱ򷢽ѾɹˮУʱɰǡ˽Ƿ۵ȵȣ̳̳ý͵޲ס̫ɹ¡
ڼÿÿӽһ£۲ɫ仯ԵõԼҪɫɽÿ򶼻գ֮ĻƶǸĺóԡ
̳ӣ˽˳һ룬ƽʱᾰ̫̫ԣ֪˰̳ӣɲôȥˣⶼôġ
ıŰ̳ӻƶӵؽֱ߽˳ժĢҪϴʱ̫̫˽
û𣿡̫̫ʡ
ûˡ˵
ĶأȲʡ
ҸˣʱڣȲһأȡͺˡ˵
̫̫¶ɫԥһ˵СģҪǾͱСˣ㿴˵ġ
̣Ժ󲻻ٷ˵ˡûش̫̫˵ٵһȣܿЩ鶼˳ʱ봩ʲôʹʲôʲôʹʲôʲôͳʲô
𣿡˵ʡ
ģԸһʱ䣬ȵȽ㣬òã
ã㣬ҵ㣡һϲϽģڸЩˣ˵ʲôӦ
Ӧʹ죬ּ˵ƶܾǿ̫̫Щԥļ״Ͻתƻ˵̣⽴Կȥ˯ɣһҲȥ˯
㣬Ұ㣡˵
ˣһо׶Σ׷ģҪ˯ţȥ飬Ҫ·úͣۼ𡣡
ϲģ̫̫
̫̫ͷ˵ȥɡ
Ҳȥ˯ɡ
̫̫֣뿪˳ú͵ǰֻһˣʼʵĢڰ䣬Ķŵľϣɹš
Ģг鶡ȡ˳һ⣬һַʴⶡһСⶡһַνӵСⶡ
ⶡڹԳŨŨζͬʱҲ˳ͺͱСķⶡȡ¼ͣȫⶡ¹ͬʱĢлۡ˽ǷۡǡСͳͳϺζƳ
Ÿвθе׶̲ס¿ˮŴлڽδ֮ʱһƶͣطμˮ
ֱƶⶡĢȫںһ𣬷ֲⶡĢǻƶðŷڵݣ˴ѵŰ⽴ʢÿͷմһ£Ʒһ¡
е͸΢΢ּⶡĢڶİ£ⶡĢ㡣
óԣ
΢΢ü۾úóԵ⽴һúóԵĲˣ⽴סŽ˳תʰ̨ϵʱƿ͡
͡
Ȼ뵽ʲôĬһ£ƿ򿪳ţ⽴ζ֮Ʈ˳ᾰţôһ¥Ʈᾰķ䡣
ᾰŵˡ
ڿ飬һ£̧߳䣬ƳһӰӺȥ
ģ
ᾰɵú棬̧ߣŸߵԺӾͷĻˣ΢΢һ¡
ôʡ
ҡҵߣڸʲô
ҸոЩ⽴ȥժЩССĵذֱ˵㻹û˯أ
ûСᾰ˵
ûʲô¶ȥɡ˵
šᾰ̧ͻ˲񷿡
ĸžͽԺӣԺ˨ϣصˣʰ֮ϴ˸ˮ裬˳ͷҲϴˣú͵ƣϳţصԼķ䣬ڴǰëͷ˿
ʱתͷһ۷ڵĴӣڼžҹȴʲôƵģôزͷͷɵʱ򣬺ȻһŲ
ҹ˾ҪȻôĽŲûк£¶ЦݣŽ鷢֣һС
ڼžҹУ
ûж̫̫ȴˣҪ˯أһΪĳʲô⣬Ͻܵķ䡣
Сģ
㣡
̫̫һ𺰡
һܾŵʣ̣ǵȵʲô𣿡
ˡܵŵ˵
Ķʡ
˶˴ڴ.˶һۣͬʱӿɲǣһýӰͻȻǽԾ
˶һᾰ
ᾰһŵʣģû¶ɣ
ҡ˵Ƿˡ
ᾰɫһ
Ĵ󲽳Ժſߣõ˨˵ǸϽȥ
áᾰһǰ档
ĺȻһ£˵ܵÿ죬ھȥҴӳ˵Ƿ¶ˡ
й۾ʡ
ԣ˵й
ȥ·Сĵ㡣
֪ˡ
̸оԼΣȾͳӳܣڵҹУŲģ˲ٸҪԱǣ֪¹ֿΧģˡ
ԼҲȥȽ̣ӺüǿӲԼûһܵӳУСŴӳҵĴľţţӳӳǼֹˣֹˣ
ãӳһ·ʣ˭
ӳ˵ǼҺֹˣ
ʲôӳ㿪űʡ
ҺͽҪ˯ˣҺȻһУصؿˣ̺ú£Ҵӳ
ӳ˯ȫѣ˳˵ߣȥ
ã
Ŵӳܣܱߴ˵ǸŮ
֪أӳʡ
֪Ҳȥˡ
Ů𣿡
Ҳ֪ˣеر󣬻ޣ

һ·ϲͣ˵ţҹĸŹһףС˵ЩһԱ˺ëȺ־ô̼ԱԼҵļţŴӳļߡ
ǵٶȷǳ죬ᾰֵͲʱӳҲϵˡ
ô¶ӳʡ
˵ҺȻͿ
Ů
֪
ȥ
á
ĵͷװµӣŴӳᾰ󣬳ҺߣһһĿִ˹ҹɭһ
˶أߵʱ򣬿ǽи䶯ĺӰֺߺĿ˲ͷƤ飬ǹӰʱᾰֵͲһ˺ӰϣճһŻɫ·Ůͬ
Ůͬ־ʶס۾ǻԱϳˣ֪ࣿ
֪ࣿ
⣬˶ˡ
ӳ˳ǰϸţȷں󣬲ʣ֪࣬ô
ڷ֣һ۵˵ҽˣ첲Ҳˣ߲ˡ
ŷͷ϶ˣǴӳһҲۣղűһ֪ںޱȵķŭʣô˽ţۣ
ҡ˵
˵һƢĴӳ̲ס
ġƺ˵
ļţӴģв㣡ӳطŭ
ҡ˵Ȼ
ӳָʣʲô㣿
װ˵Ϻۣ
Ǵӳڵ裬һף˵ãɽݲ֪ˣҵϴ򱨸棡
һ˶סˡ
ϴ򱨸棿
ϴ򱨸Ļ硢֪ȵȵط֪ΪΪ֯һְܲܲ⣬Ϊ֯ص۲
ʱҲûа취̻سˣһθо˿־壬˵ӳУ㲻ܴ򱨸棬һӵģ
˵ʹվӳߣµؿӳ
˶ڴӳʱᾰĿ΢΢ת⻬ʯͷֵͲ⣬΢΢΢΢һ¡
ŲɫЬӶһƬһƬȵ󴦣ĵظΣڸ󣬿ȥûκ
ſӳ
ӳŭɶ˵У򱨸棡
Ҳ֪ŵģ۵ģ۾һף顱һˤڵϡ


 55 


ʮ£
֪࣡
֪࣡
֪ôˣ
֪, Һ֪࣡
֪࣡
ӳһڡ
ιȥˡһԱᾰֵͲ⣬յǰֿ˵ûˡ
ιȥˣӳʡ
ˡһԱָ˵
ˣӳʡ
ˣˣ
˾ʹԺ, úʣӳ˵, Աû˻Ӧ, ŲǸŮ֪࣬Ա϶ò, ˵ŮԱ, 
ƽʱĵŮԱ˿һ
ӳûеȵӦؿŮԱʣŮԱô
ŮԱǲ
ۿǶôѲҲ֪һºô, һһε۸ġ
֪ʶ, ɳߵĹѸ硣
Ҫմһ, ˵Ҳô, ǿмܲסôȡ, ǶжŮġ
ӳشŮԱ˴ҵĹ, ˵һ, ʲô⣬𣡺ûһĹϵһ£
ʱŮԱ鲻Ըطڡ
ڴӴʯͷˤ, ˤȣˤ˸첲, ŮԱôһ۵İУɫ, ŮԱҲܲˣڳǰߡ
㣡ڴŲãͿʼ𣺡۰Ƿſңſң
ŮԱԸϽſڡ
ʧ֧ŵ㣬Ĳȣͨһˤڵϣˤľޱȣ໴̶۴޵ķ
ŮԱҲԸǰˡ
ӳûа취ͽһװţ̧ȥȻò
ûһŻǳζŲԾţһѣŵǼһ£ŵһͷεĳζ̱Ƿ㡣
ʱŭš
飬ʵڹˣһҲûж֮ͬУôȥӴԺӡ
ӳ˻ԭأġ
˵ӳ¡
ģ¶޹أھٱʱӳ;ں֣ɽƶڣͰƶȰ¶һίҲֻܰƶȰ£벻ڲ֪ڸģ׷ĸ¶۸ļҵ׵úúóͰһ£ȻɽǿĶ۸ﻹԣ˵ЪŰɣ¶ͽˣһһ˵ģЪŰɡ
ãӳˡĿͿ˵
ӵ¶ҵ¶Ҳ룬úϢˡ
ӳڰ֣һԱ뿪ļҵء
ʱǻʣŮ֪ࡣˣ
ʣ֪಻Ů𣿡
ȣ˵
Ц˳
̫̫ҲЦ
ᾰ˵ŮҲ¸ҵˡ
ˣܿģͦظ˵Ҳ¹ģ
ţģԴ
Ц۾
תͷ̫̫˵̣ģԺ鲻ٷˣҴӳ϶ῪᣬӦĹػ
ӦĹػػʲô̫̫
ػǵǲǱ֪˸ˣҲԱ֪һ棬ˣȻӾͲùˡ
̫̫ƶǶ
ȴƶЩ̫̫˵̣İɣߣǻؼҡ
ص̫̫֮ȥ˯
תȥԺţᾰߣʣ㲻ȥ˯
ȥᾰ˵
ߣ㡣
á
һߵԺӵĴľǰᾰṳ̂ȥǿģʣģ
ʲôʡ
˵ءᾰ΢ЦʣЦĺ峺ûֺͷ̡
һЦ̹˵лл㡣
лʲôᾰһʱ֮Щ⡣
ֱ˵ллߵʯͷϡ
ᾰʣ㿴ˣ
ĵͷСĿˡʵһֱעǿʯͷ˷ͿĨĲͣĬĬسʯͷŲʱᾰϢʵѴʯͷϵסˣǵʮˤʱһ
ᾰ˵ͷʣԾˣָľڴʯͷĨͣڻ¶
ûֱӳϣġ
ᾰüʣΪʲô
Ϊﲻˬ˵
ˬʲôᾰʡ
ҲȥУҲȥҲȥֻû׬ǮѣǾվڵµߵָңŪҼҼɹһ޳ĵǸͽˣû˿ھθУ֪ɽӵĹƶȡһ˵ҲҵĹƶȡ
ᾰȤʣʲôƶȣ
ûᾰߣվĺܽҪ΢΢̧ͷֱᾰˣһҲվֱӣ˵˲ңҲˡң˫
ᾰ΢΢һ㶣оᣬüӵģʣ֪
֪˵
ô֪ģᾰʡ
µġ̫˽ˣֳԲÿȻļֵļȮûдﵽĿģԼӣ϶
ᾰͷ˵ܴ
ܺݶ
ݶᾰġ
ѵҲݶҿǰںĽ˸첲׵ġĽ˵ҪһȥٱңһǰǾ仰Ҳϡ
ᾰֱֱģȻһοʱ캺ƽгͣǰҪгޱؾܾǿţֻİһʱ;رʶһˣǺر𣬺ܿɰ
ȻЦ
ĲʣЦʲô
ᾰЦ˵ûʲô񶾣öԡ
΢΢һ㶣û뵽ᾰ˵Ļ
ᾰ˵á
ֱֱؿᾰ
ᾰעģ֣ص˵ģʲôʱҶվһߣһԶ䡣
ĸоиʲôȻԼƽ޲ĺ˾޴Ĳˣ˻ĻңЩᾰ񣬵ǱԼš
ᾰȲ˼΢΢һͷһƬͨ죬ҹҲֵֵߣһԼΣȻ˵Ǹˣ˯ɣ컹ҪϹˡ
ʶӦһ
ᾰϽ뿪
վſվ˺һŻְԺ˨ϣת񷿣Ż谵ĵƹ⣬Ҳ֪ô¶Īؾġ
лҪ˵㻹һ¡

 56 


ʮ£תƵط
ص, ڴϣζ˯жġ
ôһ˯
·ͷ, һžͿԺ
ĳ, ĵ˵, ˣȥˢԷ, ˰ӣ
簡Ц˵
Ҷѵġڳ, ÿԵĶܶ࣬ɶĿ죬ѧһؼң̫̫ܵķ, ѵڷϵ, óɡӻͷʲôĳһ, Ҳ緹
Ц˵һԵ㡣
ţصصͷ
ר´ɸȥˢ, ˢ, һתͷᾰӳһ, ʣô
ҹջ𡣡ᾰ˵, ǸڿˣԵذżҸɻ
Ŷ, Ҳͦġ˵
ţ׼Էɡ
áӦһ, ´ɸͻط䡣
ٴγʱᾰѾѰϡѾںˣһ, ߽˳Լõ⽴ŵᾰǰ
ʲôʡ
⽴˵
⽴𣿡ؾȡ
ĵͷУĢСС
ϸţС˵ôûп
һ¾֪ˡ˵
û̳ԣ̫̫ĵĽ£ó߳ԣĶ̫̫˵̣㳢
á̫̫ûпڱĺԼķ˶óˣҨһ׵ϣЦŶᾰĺ˵Ҳԡ
š
ᾰ̫̫һȳ⽴һΣھͳ⽴㣬ۻ㣬ǲ֪ΪʲôۻʱһС⣬ҧ£˵漴ֶ֭
һСҧĢջ̡ʡռȫˣƷһ£û⽴ֻµĻ
ᾰͬʱġ
ʣô
ᾰһ˵óԣ
ģ֪Լĳ˵ãǶԼĿ϶ŸӵİģЦ˵پŰԡ
š
ᾰ˱Ϊ⽴ζˣû뵽ϰעˡ
ᾰ¶Цݡ
̫̫ͷ
С۾г״һҸ˵㣬ĺúóԣҶûгԹôóԵĽϴĶҪóһٱ
˵ϴĶãŭʡ
óԣóԣϽͣóԣ
ЦˣҲ⽴ĸ˰һȫˣᾰȥϴϴ̫̫ڼʰһ£һȥϹ
ᾰ̫̫һɽӼϵ㣬Ա֪Ƿ׷׿еѯ¶еİοģеĻ㱨顣
º͵к
ǿе֪ӴԺ֮󣬽˴ӳҴӳŭϼд˱棬Ųŷ೵ϵ֪࣬ȥӵԺνź͸첲
ε໴У䲻ֹ
˵ڻص֪֮󣬱߿ޱд飬޵˰ҹһ绹Ů֪ȥ緹Ϊ֮£ʮǮǸӳԣûǮˡ
Ů֪ȻԸǮ
ֻðŮ֪ȥǮһ캺ƽ캺ƽĲ鲻Ըظ緹
ЩСϢʱԱͳͳ֪㿴Ϳ캺ƽţţڣ׵ͷһ첲ϴʯ࣬һĲ԰ס
Աһ¾ͱ
֪ˣ
ôˣ
ڴϼԼ
Ҫ֣һ˲ܵļҺ棬Ҳ֪ݺģǸ⽨ģɽӾһʺ
˵öԣ֪ôˣ
㲻֪ˣ
ˣ
ɲҾһ𣡡
治ˣûӴ򱨸һ㿴֪࿴ˣӴ򱨸棬ȻûдӦ֪Ĺ󡣡
Ǿǣ֪֪Զˡ

캺ƽԽԽҸϽ캺ƽǶЩһһﰵڴֶһ񣬿ֳܱ
ָڰسﵱˡ
ޱشӼϵ㡣
ûһӳˡ
ӳͨһĶоıʾοžţ϶飬ڸоޱȵ߳ܡ
ԱһģҲǵԺس⣬ֻӲͷƤɽӴӳӳԱǺ֪ǣΪŻƣ뵱ȻؾٱŻơҹſļҴ棬ҲȻ˴ʯͷˡھΣԸӵĳͷ
߿ޣһеӣˣӳٴνӹ˵¶Ӱ켫ӣѾϼύ˱棬֪ĳͷͬʱҲǰ֮ܲԩ֪µĹֺ֪츣ǵͷϣ
ãᾰڴ˽һá
ɫҰף᲻ͣ䡣
캺ƽޱ顣
ԱҲ֪˭һãҲŽӳЦ˵ɽӱйƽԭ򣬾ԩһˣҲһƻӣϾ䣡
ãᾰʱִͷơ
ľһ¡
Ա֪ŹƣһƬдӳ˶ȥϹˣֻ캺ƽڶˡ
֪㣬úϢȥϹˡ캺ƽ˵
ڿŵͷص֪Ҳһֱޡ
ȴһƬֵ֣Ҫӵʱ˭أᾰҪŴӳȥ
Ϊ˲õôã컹ûͳسվˣվſڣгһӣӳվĵȥسǣҲûп뿪վ
ŸͿᾰ
ȥĶᾰʡ
ȥ˳ûʵʵ˵
ãҲȥ˳ңһɡᾰȻ˵
ʣҽ˳ʲô¶
ᾰº͵˵Ҳҽ˳ҽ˳ʦ
ʲôĲʡ
ᾰ˸ӣ˵һ֪ˡ
Ҳٲᾰʲôһת˹յģ߽ƾɾɵĺͬҵһͰķӣԶӣȥΣ¥Ƶģǽ˳ļҡ
ϴģû߽ӣһ󴫹ᾰһͷ˳߽˳ϲãźȻ뵽ʲô˪һһˡ
ôǲӭᾰʡ
ǣ˳һģϽͷ˵Ϊ㡢ԺҲء
Ϊʲôأʡ


 57 

ʮ£ɰ
ҡҡҸ˺ܴ鷳˳˵, ּһ䣺رǸ㣬˺ܴܴ鷳
ָ캺ƽ¶𣿡ʡ
š˳ͷ
¶ȷʵĴ˿˵
˳̧ġ
ļƽ˵ҪСһ㣬ھͲңͲΣ֮С
˳һεͷ, ھ, ھαɺ, ڵĳӶˣԼĵү
أ
캺ƽ, ûȥ, ǿӹ̫̫ˣ֪ն
㺦Ľ֣
Ҳǰ˵ˡ˵
˳ؿġ
Ž˳˵Ҳ㼰ʱ˵¶˵, Ļܲˡ
˳һ仰˵
˵, һǵһ, ҲԼС, , ¶ԼţҲϡ
㡢㻹ҪҺ˳ŵʡ
ԡ
㲻ˣ
һ¶, һ¶, ҲҲõĺѡȻҲ˳, ôͼҪ, ȻĻʱˡ˵
Խ˳Ŀתضġ
ʣôˣ
˳۾һºˣ⼸ΪԼĴĶ, ıʲô飬͵͵ɽӴһĵ֪ûʲô֮ھεĳԲ˯á
˿ȴĻԸ
û
û
ⱲӴû飬⣬ǵһôõŮԣмĲ֪Ǻã۾ɵöˡ
ʲôأĲ˳ĲԾ
˳Ĩ۾˵ģģҲִ᷸󣬲Ȼл
ûôš˵´עУҾѾѺģʽˡ
ո˵ģҼСԣ˳ܿͶ뵽֮С
ԡĵͷ
㲻Ҽң
һԵᾰԣĿһ£ӹˬ
˵
ᾰɫԻ
˳ʣôСԣӡˮЩҪ
ʱЩˡ˵ɽǱΪ¶ʱڶȫʺ±ˮˡ
ʲô
⽴
⽴
ԡĵͷЩһܶ࣬ÿ춼ȥܸߣҲһЩҲʡʱ䣬Щ飬ΪԺ
Ҫʲô飿
ʱߣڸľ⽴
У˵ʲôʲô˳˵
ĵͷ
ʲôʱ
ҽЩæҹ
Ҫ׼Щʲô
⡣
أ
Ĵӿڴͳһֽݸ˳
˳ӹչһֲͬʽĿƿӣʣƿǣ
װ⽴õġ˵ҿ׶ƿӵģװ⽴ոպã֪سûг
ӦС
ȥϺͲģҲԿһ£һʼ۸ʮʵûеĻܲܶơ
á˳˵¶ϡ
ĵͷתͷᾰ˵ҵ¶ˣأ
㲻ȥһ𣿡ᾰʡ
ӳվţͲˡ
һ£ȥȥ
ȥĶ
ȥʦ
ʦ
ԡ
ʦڼңĺᾰڷſڵģһ۾ͿƾɵķǸɸģĿΧھһŴһӺһɫĲӣûп𻪣Ž˳ܻб¶ԾͲˡ
ڡ˳˵
Ķ
ڲ档
ȻڣҾȥк˳кⲻĵ硣
ãҸ㵹ˮ
˳Ľ˷䡣
ŷֽ˳һ䷿ӣмòֿһס䣬ڽʦݵ˵Ѿˡ
סرƫƧΧûʲôˡ
ƽʱ𻪻Ҫɨʲôġ
̺áһ߹ͿǰϰڷűӡֱˮǦʣдʲôᾰͷ
ˣվˡ
æء֮ǰһЩɣҪڣ͵Ǽˣûм𻪣Ҳ˳ȥĳԣʱˣȻؾͽɷˣ˵ӽӣùǡ
̫ˣҪˡ
ŰɣֲֵǮ
ûȥ԰ɡ
ﶼС
𻪼ֲҪ
ֻջӹ˳ݹһˮ˵仰ᾰһԲ𻪵ǰ飬ʮơ
ˣǿ𣿡ᾰͻȻ˵
£ͷȻ˵̣ͼæɣǱҲ콻ˣǾȻȥˡ
пճ氡
ãˡ
š
𻪽˳֮ᾰֱӳسվߣ·ĻѹסԼĺģʣ̹ϵ
СᾰǴЦػش
Ҫˣ
ǡ
дʲô
д飬Ұ档
Ըд飿˳ĸĸ֪ʶӣϧ˲ãǸʮ꣬ġ˳ĸȥԺҲֽʣ˳Ҳ֪ʶȴԸдˡ
ţȰ˵ġᾰ˵Ȱ˺ܾˡ
ݿԳ𣿡
ԡ
Ҳԡᾰɲһˣ׶ĸɲӵܣʲôҽ֮ʦʦȵݣܵӦء
أҪ𣿡
Ȼġ
ʲôʱ򣿡
Ϲɣû˻ע⡣
ô
С
гɡ
ˡ˳ھ;ܾˡ
ᾰĿⰵ˰
ûвֱֱǰš
ܿصվһӾֵɽˣĸϽǰͳϣվĸ˶Խһ£ܿؽ˹ÿ˵һͷ
ȥ˵ϡȥܴҶˣ˶㵭İͷװʹӳȥһЩƷžͻӴԺӡ
ᾰվ
ӳͺסᾰ֪࣬˵޷ӵģ꽻ǰˣ죬֪ķ˵㣬쿪ʼܲһЩ˸޷ˣǱżȡ¸¿ס֪㡣
ᾰͷ
ᾰϱ鲻̫ãӳᾰļͷ˵֪࣬ģҿ϶ķӣסȥ
ᾰɫˡ
ӳȴûп˵ˣˣȥԷɣ绹ҪϹء
ᾰĻļң̫̫緹һ緹ͿʼϹˣڶ֪㿪ʼ޷ˣԱʼ͡󿷵ȵȣԱ߼ල
ʱĴȥɽժĢϴɾˣ̫ɹ
Źʱڼ֮ǰɹɵ㹽ս棬ȵҹĻٵʱ뿪˼ţȥسǵ·ϡ
·ϾĵģżһӶӹҲʣеţȻݴԴ죬ͷһתͷȥʲôûС
ٿǰڰһƬ
֮ǰӵʱҲǺɣ賿ĺڣżϣûʲôηУʱ˿ȫͬӭӸڰĺɡ
ǿ򶨡
ĬĬرļֵۣﳨˣǰˣȻгʶػͷٿһ£гͣǰ
£ҡᾰ˵
̧ᾰ
ᾰ˵ҲҪʦԾȥʡ
ɰ˵⻰ʱԼɡ
šɡᾰԼϴԣ϶ɺϣȻ򶨵˵ɣȥسǡ
û
ᾰ˵ɣʱ򣬲˿ġȻˣҲû¶Ѿӳ㱨Լ⡣


 58 


ʮ£
, ͷ˵á
ᾰ޲ϲãг΢΢богʱ, ѯһ𣿡
ˡĻش
ᾰһ䣺, ҿʼˡ
áץסг
ᾰһг, г漴ʻҹ֮, ȵǰ, ǺХķ·ᾰͷһ㣬ȸԾޱȡ
ͬʱںɫƽ, ̧һᾰı, , ˿˿ϲɫ, ŰĿǰӰӰ´µӰ, ûаֺ£Ǹİ
һ·, û˵ʲô, ҲûоΡ
ܿص˽˳ҡ
˳վſţᾰ, Ͻӭģϴ, ˣ
˵϶г˵
˳ĵ˵ǸˣҪƿҲˡ
ƿĶʡ
ڳ˳ͳ䷿ӣһ䷿òӸ, һסһ䷿ӵӣǳ
Ŷأ˯𣿡
ûУרĵдء
ãҾͲˣȥƿӡ

˳˵꣬شĳߣõĵͼֽʼСӣѰ˵⽴ƿӣһ䳧ҵƵƿӣҲ֪ʲôӵıȽϺʡ
ƿƿӣָģʮ
ģ㿴ô˳ָŰϰڷƿʡ
һһۿ
˳ͻȻһΨԼĲ⡣
ϵģһƿʡ
ԡ˳ش
Ǯһ
һǮһš
ţ˵
ģ
ġ
ʮ
ԣԺ󻹿𣿡
Եģһġ
Уװҿ˿еƿӣȻЩֲڣǺͶʮһ͵⽴ƿѾ޼ˣԼٿ˵
ãˣ˳
ǾͿʼ⽴ɡ
Уܰʲôæ˳Ͻʡ
ջ𡣡

˳Ͻ汧һѲ
ͳԼӼĸĢˮУڳʼϴ⣬ȥƤгɴⶡС˵ⶡСⶡŰѽݺõĢгɶ״
֪Ҫн⣬˳ؾ͸ˣֱú͵¸鼴ɡ
Ű֮ǰĲ裬ʼԷ⣬⣬н⣬Ģʣǰ׼õĻƶУһ߶ˮһ߽裬˵ζ˳˳ŵζͿʼ̿ˮ
ˣᾰ
ûء˳ش
ҪҰæ𣿡
һ̵ΰɡѷҲûʲôˣҶϰԵذѶ֮ģر̣ڱͬʱҲԶ͵ʳٳԵ˺⣬ĻƶȴûзôΣȫһ˵Ŀζ֪ΰյô
áᾰӦһ
ҨСףڰֵ̧ᾰĴߣᾰ£Ȼͷӣһ⽴
ϵΧȹӣעᾰ
ᾰ΢΢ͷġ
ڹǰĽ˳Ǵ⽴֪Ŀᾰϣпĺϴ󳤵ÿ˶رÿҪܹһһǷǳ
ôһ룬֮ƺ̫ԾһϽԼϸĺᾰʱʣζô
ᾰ˵
˲ͷˣŹðݵ⽴ϡʣɫˣԹǰĽ˳˵ˣ԰Ѳˡ
š˳ѲӹҽС
Ŀʣ˳𣿡
ˡ˳ش
Եʲô
˰ĺ˳׬˲Ǯ岻ãҪȥһǮԵҲǺ
к𣿡
źٳһ⽴ɡ
á˳̴Ӧ
ĵĻȥһ⽴ģû뵽⽴ͺôûгԹôóԵ⽴
һͰһˣҪٳԣֹʣó𣿡
رóԣ˳˵
ǾˣˣǾ͸װƿõȥ˵ӡﶼ⽴ʮƿӿ϶װ꣬ʣµʢ棬ƿӣװڲỵ
˵¶˳Ѷ⽴Ĳרĵ˵ãʣµһǸϽȥɣȻ̫ˣҲ̫á
룬ͷ˵ãˣҲ֪᲻ģٵͷˣȴЩˡ
϶ģ˳εʮ㣬˵رóԡ
УĿڸ϶
š
ʣµ¶ͽˡָŰӡͰ˵
û⣬ǻؼҰɣһ˺ܹܿ㶨
á
ͽ˳֮ᾰһ˼ͬᾰһг˵ϳɡ
·ϰɡ˵
ûϵϰɡᾰ֧صġ
г
ᾰг
гһںҹʻ
ᾰû˵
ں̧ͷһ̧ͷӣ̲ס˵֪࣬㿴Ϻöǣ
ᾰ̧ͷͿ
һſӣǳϵĹһޱȣ˵ǶǱǣǳˡ
šᾰ˵
ͻȻһʯͷг̥гͷȻζһ£ᾰϽճѣ˭֪ʯͷĲȣһǰһгѵһгˤڵϡ
ͬʱ̥תƵг㿴ҿ㣬ͬʱꡱһЦˣûоһ¹ʣȤ
Ц˵ﳵȡ
ᾰ˵ָǡ
˵˶Цᾰǰгİæ
ûɣʡ
ûСᾰ˵Ҳˡ
Ǿ߰ɡϲǹ⡣
СᾰȻӦ
˲ڴ·ϣͷһƬǺӣھ׿տҰرĽİͷ˵
ԡᾰӦ
СʱҾϲǡ
Ҳǡᾰ˵
Ҳǣ
ǰһſŵǻ˸еʮֵСôһ˵Ĵ۱ˣҲ΢ˡᾰ˵
Ĳᾰ
ᾰŤͷʣ㿴Ҹʲô
˵˵ĿˡľԿǵķʽԼĴۺͱˣûϡ
ᾰһЦ:ǲ˵һϵˣ
ԣͬǵˡ
ᾰϲʣһˣ
ˡĵͷ
ᾰͷϲãҪ˵Щʲôǰ֮ϸϸһ̫̫ú͵ӭģᾰϽǰһصҡ
ûسǣڲ̫ȱǮʱڻ⽴ʩչһԼգܲسǳԵÿΪԺ׼
֮ǰôעÿľǸԱ֪ǷӣʱѾ쵽·ݣϱӵļ䣬߿ڻ£߿ĸ¡
׼μӵһ߿ģȻǶʮһ͵Ĵѧҵ뿪ѧУ̫ˣѧϰĶԼʦˡ
ʱĸ߿Ŀ֪ôӵģЩʲô鿴һ˽һ£Աܹһóɼôţͻص˼С
Ժӣᾰںġ
תͷȥᾰվڲ񷿴Ժ⡣
ôˣʡ
һ¡ᾰ˵
Լӱߣᾰһʵʣʲô¶
ᾰͻȻֹ
ĵͷһᾰ߬˾ʮĴŽֽңʣǸʲô
˳Ҹġᾰʡ
˳˳⽴˰ɣʡ


 59 

ʮ£˭˵
ԡᾰͷ
졣ϵ⡣
ǰˡ
ô죿ˡ
˵һȥ, Ϲ˿ͶΧ⽴Ը˵⽴ϰģһЩ˿˻ȥ, һС, ڶˡ
ôû˵
, ֱ¶ݣ, õȵȥˡ
Ц
ᾰ˵Ǯɡ
Ľ˹, չŴŽᣬҲʮǮȥ⡢Ģƿӵȵȵĳɱ۸, Ƿǳߵ, Ȼ, ˵ȥ˳Ƕһˡ
Ҳȥᾰ˵
Ŀᾰ
ᾰ˵¶ʦ
첻ҹʦ𣿡
컹硣
ʵ, һ˿Ե, ǰúܶ࣬ǰ̵һ캺ƽ, ̵, ҪȻҲҹ·ġ˵
ҾҪȥسǡ
аɡ
šᾰ΢Цͷ
ʰһ, һ
áᾰ
İǮת˳, ʼڶ̫̫֮˵һ, һӣװкõⶡĢа̳ӻƶᾰг͵˽˳С
æһСʱһĴյÿվͿʼ˻ƶʱڵĴֱˣΪɽӵ棬Աǵģʯӡ
ʯҲں칫磬Ǻ칫Чӣӣ׷ֺ٣ʳҲ٣ɽȫܱȣ֮ŹȣܵӴԺʹޡ
ûá
ݱǴӳġ
ֻ캺ƽҲֻ캺ƽʰʯӣʯһ˵ɽӵΪһӣڰ캺ƽǰһء
캺ƽԺܿسǰοڣʣǻûУ
ûСڻش
ʲôʱܹţ캺ƽЩż
Ӧúܿͻˡ
Ǿͺá캺ƽѹĲͷ˵úһʱ䣬һسǾͺˡ
ţڵͷƽֻˡ
֪ͺˣŰɣȻɽˣǱϢһʱ֪ͨң֪𣿡캺ƽ˵
ںͷ
캺ƽתͷҲصػصɽӣ·֪ʱԱ֪ķӣȥ޺ˣ̹һ㣬һ̧ͷᾰˣᾰߵ
ﲻ̹
תһ룬ܿͻ׶ΪһٵĹˣʱĸ䲻ԼˣҲȻˣҲᾰֱӳǮһߣᾰǿ캺ƽˣ˭Ҳûֱӻ˼ҡ
̫̫ȥæ
ûһ˰ͷĸˣ൱ḻˡ
קһ֦۾ʣôôóԵģ
ϲʡ
ϲرϲϽ˵ǣΪʲôҪôóԵأ
Ϊ֪С˵
ʲô˼
֪Ҫ֪סˡ̫̫˵
ΪʲôҪ֪㰡סĲ𣿡СתᾰᾰǶ̫̫ϡŹֵ֪ʶСϲᾰȻҲ᲻ᾰߡ
סͦõġᾰʵʵ˵
ΪʲôҪ֪أʡ
Ϊᾰش
Ϊ֪Ҫס֪ġĽӹͷ
˵ס֪㲻𣿡
Ļش
̫̫˵Ӿô涨ġ
ؿᾰ
ᾰЦ˵סĶһ֪ҲԶңʱȥ
𣿡ʡ
Ȼԡ
ҲԳס
áᾰЦ˵ˣԷɡ
Է
֮ᾰ̫̫˵˻Żص񷿿ʼʰʰ֮ڴϣǰǽڣһǽ֮Ҳǽڡ
ôԿš
ҹ˾ʱ򣬷׷ϴ˯ڶϳ緹Ϲʱ򣬴ӳ˵֪޺÷ӵ¶֪԰ȥסˡ
캺ƽһ˻ȥ
ᾰ̫̫һŰᣬʵҲûʲôҪһҵ⣬ᾰʾ˸л
̫̫˵Ժȱʲôͺ˵ҪʲôҲԺ˵˵˸ԡ
ᾰͷá
Իסม˵һֱŵġ
áᾰӦһġ
˵סͦõġ
š
ˡ
á
Ĵ̫̫뿪֪㡣
ᾰһСϰߵİ裬ͻȻЩӦտյģеܣĻص֮ҲʲôһʱϰԵ˫ӣǰŴ˵㣬ôˣ֪಻Էˡ
Ŷˡ˵һְѿӸͻȥ
ڴϣɿŷеһǽЩʧ䣬жᾰ˿ûʲôԵܲõķʱȴԵռĴԣȥ˯ţʱ򴰻ͻȻˣһ
ҡᾰ
վϣ򿪴ӣ˴ǰվŵᾰʣڴʯͷϣڲȹǿŴʯͷ
šᾰͷ

ûˡ
Ŷʲô
Ҹպþ
ʲôܹǼأʡ
ᾰһ£˵˵Ҫ˯ʱжڲˣ͹ã뿴̺ǵģǶϨˣһ¡
ʲôڲˣʡ
ǡǸֱʡᾰµػش𣺡Ǹֱڲˡ
Ц˵˸ֱʣţᾰ˸ֱʡᾰϸĵˣ¸ֱʣȻֱʻһڴĸֱû¡
ֻ
뷨һȣעᾰʱе¹ᾰϣֶ˼飬ûдʣ֪㷿޵ô
áᾰ˵
ãķʣǶýո˸޵ģһڲ©Ҳɢ
Ǿò̫á
ͦߵġ
ᾰĲ˵
ʣ𣿡
ˡ
ĶԵģ
ʳá
Եʲô
ˡ
ʲôˣ
ûĺóԡ
ǿ϶ģҵĳûʲôܱȵġ
ǡᾰЦ᣺һ
Ц˵Ҳûôš
һҲš
ģں˭˵ͻȻ̫̫Ļ
ᾰһ㶣ͬʱ뿪ӣһĵ¶ӣѸٹϴԺһ䣺Ϊʲôĸо
лҪ˵㻹һ

 60 


ʮ£ܹ
Сġֻ̫̫һ
Ӧ̡
ں˭˵̫̫ĵʡ
ĸϽ, ˵ûк˭˵
Ҹո˵
˵ģûаһֱڶء
ֲءʱ鼮ĹܿرȽϸ񣬵Ļڹ涨ΧһЩĶ, ̫̫ܿ, ˵, Ѿˣ˯ɡ
, , Ҳ˯
ţҽ־˯
á
ڴϣ죬ȵ̫̫ص, վ, һδ򿪴, Ϊᾰ, 벻ᾰڡ
ֱҵ˰ɣʡ
ҵˡᾰ˵
ͻȥɡ
ҲϢɡ
š
ᾰؿһ, ת뿪
Ƭ̣ϴ, һڴϵʱ, رð
۾ûһ˯ˡ
ڶæµ˵һ, ĵûмᾰᾰֳˡ
һֻƤ, һЦ
ᾰ˼䡣
ÿһᾰԸָĵĴӣ˵ϼ޹ؽҪĻ뿪
ÿ˯ĶܺãӵĹú, ⽴Ҳá
ת۾͵ʢģûʲô飬ҲԱ֪ҲϢ˼졣
֮˵֪ˣӳµϹʱ䣬ѡˬϺͰϹԱ֪״̬ã캺ƽЩżϻ
Դڸسǵ뷨֮ľͻˣÿɽӶǸֵĲ
޲òϳ뿪ɵ׶
ڵĸ絽ڻûлţֻܵȴڵȴлҪչڡ
Ϊ¶ԽˣܵʳͽǮϵĳͷرڣ͸ˣһ뵽سǵ¶ֻӲͷƤڡ
֪˵Ǯ͵ڸлسǵϢ
һֱûϢ
ﷳƵĲУ֡ŲᾰģĺڲĻسΣƺԽԽԶˡôۡ
ٵһȡ
˵ڵĸڸǰسǵ
ȵżһ죬ͬʱسǵĺӣʱɽˣôţǹԽˡ
˭
ģŬԼľһãֵùϣ׶ʲôӵĹûУ
Ĳӵļᶨˣᶨش߾ΪӮһѣʵĸûпԱ˵ڵ顣
׬Ǯ뷨ȥ˽˳һΣ˳ͬ⡣
ȥĸʱãʱ˵ϲãķ±ʲôģƫڴͳġ
ѾˣҲ˽ˣһپഫͳ±
˴£ǻˣõĹֶ࣬ʳͶ࣬Ҳˣ˳һЩʳ
ǰ¿ʼɳڶڶڶˮڶģᾰԸ´˳˳ȥ˸Ԥ±ƣͳƳ±׼ȷ֡
ÿʱһ
ȵ죬һ±ûˡ
Ҳ˵İ±ȫˡ
±ȥȻҲǡ
ĸǮˡ
̫̫ȥӪͽ˳һԲ
ȻᾰҲڡ
̫̫ԸǼܲסĿľ⻹̫̫һӪԷе޴룬ܵؾﶫܹ
̣£ŮǮ˵
Ҳһ
ⲻһѡ
˵
߰ɣ˳ǵġ
سǹӪûаᣬڴԣһۿ˽˳𻪣̫̫һ𳯽˳ߣɫһ̫̫֮𻪵ˡ
ֲ̫̫ʶ֣𻪳ʲôС
˳ᾰĵˡ
ľͽӹ˲˵
ò˵й̫ˣʮ֮ľԣˣǰӪĲɫûмȥЩҲ˻
ɼʱǱȻˡ
ѯ𻪼˵ļɿ󣬶Ų˵˼ݲ֮󣬵̨ԱʱϤ
û캺ƽ
ûСڵ
תͷȥȻ캺ƽڡ
ôûţ캺ƽŽʣǻسǻϣ𣿡
϶ϣģ˵
ⶼˡ
¶Ͳðģּҵʯӣ϶Ҫԭˣ㶼ô꣬ٶ༸϶ԵģңҸرңӦҵ飬ȫ
캺ƽڼ˶ڵĳ谮ȷʵΪʲôԸǵͷ˵УʲôǮ
Ǯѿڶ
Ǯ캺ƽ˵ûиţ϶ҲûиǮɡ
һĨ˵Щ춼ǮԼû٣һЩɡ
´ΰɡ
ã´Ըõġ
ЩͻȻΪʲô캺ƽһקקӣԭͨڵĹϵسǵˡ
û׶ȷʵһҫ飬Ǿԡʮ谮һе˽⣬ŶΪ߿Żسǵġ
ʲôأ
ġʱڷġ
Ŀڣ˵֪ࡣ
ʲôʡ
Ҵ̵ܹܵԷ
ǵӪԷ
ԡ
Ӫķ˺ܹģǳԵ𣿡ڻǿĵӡ
Ǻ˰ۡ
Ļش𣺡Ե𡣡
㸶Ǯҿ֪໹أò֪ึǮɣ˳ĸӱڣڲûϳ˳ԲӦżҵݡ
ҸǮϾҼҳԷ˶ࡣ˵
ŵƣɲܹ˷ˣȻǵ㹤ֿǾס˷ѵġ˵ǡ˷ѡ
ɫûʲô𣬵Ǵ˴ӴݵЦ⣬ͷš
ʲôѽڼʡ
ʲôķʡ
׼±һһ˿棬أںܽر
ǵɽԱһһ٣żһιӪ꣬Ϊ˳ԷΪ˼档
˵һķԱǶˣҲ֪Ļඪˡ
ҡҪ˵ʱԱ̴Ӻ˽Ŀ˵ҵķ˵ˣҪȥԷˣԡ
תǰߡ
ڲмĿߣ̫̫ߣԱߵߣ˵һ䣺ͬ־ոյĲ˵ˡ
ллͬ־ĵͷ

ԱһһذѲ˷ŵټϣк⡢Сӡӡȵȡ
һԶŵһζûٿһȣεĲˡ
һԵ캺ƽ;ƶӪ겻ʣû뵽ĴݵôˣʱĿɿڴ
ôʢ


 61 


ʮһ£
캺ƽһ, ʱԱ߹λͬ־ǵķҲˡ
°ɡ캺ƽĲɵ˵
һһ˿, ɫ, 滹ƮӺʹл, ѾǺܲ, 㹻һ֪ԱĽ, Ǻһȣ˺˼
캺ƽֶļǿˣ뻨ǮӪõĲˣһĵ, ǶʶһԼĿڴ, ʵûǮ, ־ҲͶˡ
ڰҧ, ˵϶֪ึǮƭ˵Ļ, ܶˡ
캺ƽȴûкܣᾰǮ, ᾰԲһǮ, Ϊļ˻Ǯˣ˵ġٷĸǮ, ˵Ǯˣ¹⡣
˭Ǯ, 캺ƽܣһ۶࿴ڣͷ˵Էɡ
, Ե㡣˵
캺ƽûڣͷԷ
ڼ캺ƽ鲻õӣҲ˵ĵغһۣĵسԲʱ̫̫𻪼вˣŹӪֵգҲ˵Ȥ¡
ֻͷԡ
ǵһνӪԷҲǵһμôˣԵıӶðˡ
㡣Ц˵
šӦһͷԣ౥ʱͣشܵ
Ӫİ裬ǽϵ֣ķ϶ԵʲôſžͿ캺ƽڣĿһͣϽקĵ䣬С㣬㡣
ôˣʡ
С͵͵ָָԶ캺ƽ˵֪֪ڡ
ʱᾰ˳˳ָķ򿴹ȥᾰʮֵ˳ȴһҪӵꡣ
ʲôᾰһʡ
Ҷǰ˳ǰ¶ԴС˵ǻϳ
ϳôأʡ
˳ص˵ǻ淢ġ
һЦ˵ġ
Ϊʲô˳ˡ
Ϊװ׵ģ˵Һ͵үнҲҼѲԾǴӳĳͷ˵ߣָǵүͬʱǲ˵ҲȥˣȻô֪үأⲻ˵һǧ˰𣿡
֮ǰ
֮ǰкܶණڶʰɾʹǿһƶˣҲûϵ˭ûһ̳ӽأ
ม˳ûôˡ
ֻںаȫû⡣С˵
ԶԶԡ˳æصͷ
ᾰǳǳЦ⡣
˵Է˰ɣ
˰ɣİ
ǲῴ㣬һĿת뿪
Ļ˳ûüӻ캺ƽˣһ𳯹Ӫߣⶼûиĵˣôֱֱ뿪ˣ˳Ŀؿģг˵ģˣô֪ǿῴңôĿбӵ뿪
Ц˵ΪǵĲûǵĺá
Ͳˣ
ԡ
Ϊʲôѽ˳ûŪס
εĵطԸһ𣿡ᾰʡ
ᣬҺ޲Ͼܡ˳ش
Ǻ뷨һᾰһ˵ϰ˿ɽӵԱȻ֮䷢ЩԱԱǮһʱܲˣȻϽ뿪ˡ
ԭˣ˳ɵվ˵ԭҲΰΪƤǽء
ûгǽҲǼҵǽˣȻһ䡣
Ľ˳Ц̫̫ҲЦˡ
һˡ
˭Ҳȥܽ˳кŴҼԣ˷ֳ±ŴӹӪ廹û취ô˳𻪾Ȼؼˡ
ĿᾰʣҪ𣿡
ᾰ˵أе¶ȥ죬أ
˵ڣһ춼Ϲ̺ûйسǣôǹ䣬ȥæɡ
Уעⰲȫ
ᾰг뿪
Ĵ̫̫سǣʵسǲûʲôģʳסõĶڹľʹ̫̫ȥ˹磬ڹһЩƷľߡ
ͽɽߣ߱ĹӪķˣȻĺóԣʽģǴûӡ
Ӫ󰡣˵
Ķ󡣡̫̫˵
Ҳãǵ׬㡣Ц˵ܹǮɡ
̫̫ͷ˵Ҳǡ
öȥ԰˵˻ϴ룡
ġꡱһЦ˵´λȥԲϴģɺã
á
´αˣ̫ˣ̫̫廰
Ҳ󰡡
ġ

˾ô˵ŵ˼С
ϼҼһΪǱףʱ̫̫Ҳˣ±ǱԣԺ໽Уܵᾰһ³±ᾰ֪㡣
֪಻ڣʡ
ڣŵġش
˿𣿡
ûС
ǿûлˣȳԷɡ
á
˵ô˵ĻǸᾰһЩ̫̫ɫ֮£Բ˵£˵үӣ˵Űְ裬Щ˸С
̫̫˸Уھƣ۾ͨȥ˯һҲˣҲȥ˯ˣĴ򿪷ĴӣڴϣеԲ¡
ʱ򣬴ˡߵһẰһ֪ࡣ
ҡᾰڴǰ
ᾰЩ糾͵ӣʣմ𣿡
šᾰͷ
ûУʡ
ûС
Ҹˡ˵һɡ
ˣᾰһʡ
ţȻһԷˣԲҹҲͦģһ˹ȥ㣬㲻֪㣬͸һЩ
ĵһθᾰᾰůůģҲ˵ڵʱҲмǵʱƲס¶Цݡ
Цʲô
ҿġᾰһ£ܵ͵˵Ҳڵʱ뵽ҡ
һɷ紵ĵĶУһģЩڵ˵㡢˰ɣȥ˷
һ£ᾰסġ
̧ᾰ
ᾰֵ̧ݸһ顣
Ĳؽӹһд֡߿ѧ顷Ծؿᾰʣ⡢⡢ģ
֪¸¾ͻи߿ָϢÿԱһĸ߿ʵ˽٣ԼãؾͿʼ飬Ǹ򲻵Ϳʼ޾飬˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳҵһһѧ˺֪ܶʶ㡣
׼ȥѰңᾰһôȫĴ飬һոµ飬Ӳˡ
ᾰ˵˱дġ
лҪ˵㻹һ

 62 

ʮ£ָ߿
ô뵽˱д飿Ĳʡ
֮˵, ָ߿׶Ǳߵ֪϶ָ߿㿼һѧһõδ, ˽, ҵĶȫ, Ծ˱дˡᾰ˵
Ƭ̣ʣ, ǡΪұдģ
šᾰӦ
˲оǱʲôײһһ, һ˵ĸоҵģ̵̻ģ˺һ, ᾰ״˵Ѿ, ӡˢ׶ˡ
̧ʣ˭дģ
׶, ʦᾰ˵ǽ˳, ʦ¶, ֪ʶźȫ˽⡣
ʦôӦдģҪ֪𻪾Ϊʦݣڶʮôҵ, Ըý˳ѧ֪ʶ
Ϊҵᾰ˵һʼҺ˵ʱ, ǾܾģҸд, ȥͨʹӦˡ
жʱ㾭ȥس, Ϊ¶Ƕʱľᾰȥ˳⽴ᾰд¶, ԭڱд߿ѧ顷
ûᾰϣǴֻӡһʦ˵߿ָܹĻϣҪѧϰ֪ʶˣܹⱾ飬ϵ˳磬ӡǧᾰ˵
šĵͷ
ǧǲʱ򿴸߿ָȷӡ١ᾰ˵
ԡ
Ȿţúõѧϰ϶߿аᾰ֣ص˵
Ц˵֪
ϣ㿼ϴѧ
ĵͷģһῼϴѧġ
ô϶ᾰЦʣôģ
Ȼ˵ѧʱɼɲģ΢ѧϰһ£ôѧȫ⡣
ᾰЦˣ˵ã㿴ɡ
ھͿʡ
ţ߿ȡô꣬Ȼйũѧƶȣ˲ԶԶͷ϶Ҳʶһ㣬һץʱ˲ţܵȵ꣬Ҫ߿ᾰ˼˵ʱ䲢࣬ץʱѧϰ
Ҫ֪ᾰˣƾⷬĶΪᾰǴԽʿأԾƵķ̫ˣ߿ȷʵǳż
һʮ·ݻָ߿ʮ¾Ϳʼ߿֮󣬽һ߰ĸ߿ʷϼʱ̵θ߿
áĵͷ
ˡᾰ˵
һ¡ĺסᾰ
ᾰɻؿġ
˵ˣߡ
Ҳˣ㿴ɡᾰ뵢ĵһһ룬޲ھһӵĸ߿֪ʶ
һˣӣ˵㲻ԣҾͲˡ
ᾰһ£һЦ˵ҡҳԡ
ᾰûа취뿪ӣļҵĳĸᾰķ˶ţȡ˳ŵϡ
Сϳ԰ɡ˵
áᾰϴ֣евˣаͷϡǷḻͷҧһڣʣͷ
㶼ܳˣѽͷȷʵġ
ĺóԡᾰ˵
С˵˵⻰С㣬ˣԺɲˡ
ᾰЦ
תִӹóһڵǱݸᾰ
ᾰֽӹ컹Ǳ
ԣǰɽӵ˶±ۡͺͺǣǱΪ±ԣԢҲԲԲ˵
ᾰԳһڣģڸв±˵ܺóԡ
Ҫĺóԡ˵
ǡᾰĿ϶
ЦˣԱ߿ᾰԷ
ᾰԵĺúõģôһ˲ò˼Ҳղ̫Ծæ˵ԷȥŻط
š
Ĺڷĥһٴʱᾰվڹǰϴ룬θߴ󣬶죬Ƶú͵ƹϣԽԵӢڶʮһͶټ벻ϡ
ˡᾰ˵
ĻȥϢɡ
Ҳǡᾰú͵ƽУ΢֣΢΢һ˵ˣഩ·
Ľӻ˵Ҳ䣬
ǡˡ
עⰲȫ
ã˨Ժš
š
ᾰ뿪˨Ժţصźһ߿ѧ顷ڶʮһ͵ʱ˺ܶ¼ԶЩִᾰһҲûУ෴ְ۸ԽԽǿҡ
ͬʱ֪ᾰζĸķ۹ˣȫϴʱ̲ס˿ڣڴϣĿÿ쿴飬ϺõĴѧ֪ʶ˵λʹûڣҲ˸۸żˡ
һֱڵġ
ᾰôš
İѸ߿ճ̣ÿϲ֮ģҲʱ䣬߿ѧ顷ͿʼһЩ֪ʶѧģǶʲôĶˣ¿ʼһЩ֪ʶûѧѧһѧ
Ϲ⽴ʱ䣬ĺѧϰ֪ʶÿȥ˾飬ҵʷĵ鼮
Ȼȫ棬ʤޡ
ʮ·ݣתԱ֪ݷ׷״˳䡣
ڼ緹ʱɽȻһϽ̫̫ܳȥ
Сϼ֪౧һʹ顣
ôˣԱʡ
ǰôúõĶˣ̫̫Ҳʲô˼ǲǷʲôˣ
֪ɿ֣һձֽ֪۾˵ẓָ̇߿ˣ
ָ߿ˣ
ָ߿ʲô˼
̫̫Ȼ֪߿Ҳ֪߿ԿϴѧϴѧͿԵˣǾԼûʲôϵԱҲôΪһûʲôо
ио
ָ֪߿ƶȵľߴʵ壬ǽ粦ҷΰ󴴾٣Ҳıйһһ˵ˣΪķչڷɵ춨˻Ǹ߿ƶµ涼Ȼиоҷǳ
Ӵʱһˡ
ָ߿ˣ·֪ǰѯʡ
ָˣһ֪ش
ļٵģ
ģֽ϶ǳˣһ棬㿴
ҿ
Ҳ
ǣָ߿ˣָ߿ˣʮ·ݾͿԸ߿ũȥ̫ˣҪǾͿԻؼˣѽܲˣˡ
ȥɣȥɡ
һȺͷͷһ汨ֽű˵ļͿ߿Աǿһһ㶵ģԼһŷأϽؼ̫̫ҲȥԷ
ʱᾰҲˣĵ˲¶Цݡ
ҲЦˡ
ᾰ߹˵ڵǱˡ
šĵͷ´ҶԲμӸ߿ˡ
šᾰʣ׼ô
лҪ˵һԤĵղأ¸¿
Һ׸ٽ[Ŵ]
Ŵ壬һԽΪ׸ӡ
Ǽٵġ
Ǽٽ顣
ֽдһŻЭԼ
һ⹫
ڶ˽


壺ãȫأɵҰ裡ģ
һʱ
꣺ȫΥˡ
壺
꣺ˡ
壺
һ仰飺ʵš

 63 


ʮ£
Ļش𣺡Ҿ׼Ļ, أ
ᾰ˵Ҳ׼Ļ
ûסЦ
ᾰҲЦ
˶Ϊʽָ߿죬ٿССѾۼ˺֪ܶ࣬ഫֽ, ÿһָ߿ĸֵ˶, С
侲֮뵽˸߿ݵ⡣
תͷᾰ˵¸ˡ
ᾰǲ, ĵĿ⼴׹ָǡ߿ѧ顷һ¶, ЦЦ, ˵š
ҪҰæ𣿡ʡ
Ѿ׼ˡᾰ˵ڻָ߿ûϱֽʱѾ籨ң˵¶Ѿˣܿͻϱ, Ѿǰͳ湤Ǳ˵ˡ
ĳᾰĴָķǳá
ᾰЩߵصͷ, 
ûпᾰı, ˵Ҫæʱ, ˵һ
á
һʱǳæ, Ҫѧϰ
ᾰЦŴӦ
ˣǼ緹, ҪҲԵ㡣ֹ, ƽʱ̫̫ᾰϰԵغᾰԷ
ᾰҲԸȥ, ¶˵, ҵȥسһˣһʦ֪Ϣ϶ǳġ
ĵͷƲһ롣
, ˡ
á
ᾰг뿪
֪ǻ۸߿¶п캺ƽӰջĿ⣬תص˼Уڷǰصغ̫̫˵ҪμӸ߿
ҪμӸ߿̫̫ȼˡ
ĵͷ˵Ҹղſһ۱ֽϵıũɽͻ֪ʶꡢԱˡɲӦбҵԲμӣҲġ
ķ𣿡̫̫ʡ
ġĵͷ
Ǿ͸ϽμӰָ̫̫߿֪Ƕĺ¶ˣҲܿģǸ߿˵ЩİܾǺܸ߼ĶϰԵΪƽͷϰûʲôϵ˼ͻˣԼŮҪμӣǾͲһˣ˵μӣμӣϾͲμӣ
ͬˣʡ
ҵȻͬ⣬Ǻ¶̫̫û֪ʶǶ֪ʶűܵ𾴡
㣬ҪμӸ߿𣿡ʱ廰
ԡĵͷ
μӸ߿Ǵѧˣǲǣ˵ѧԵ٣һ㽡
ǣĺܺòܳΪѧ
һԿĺܺãڼֱĵСԵˡ
Ц˵ã϶ԳΪѧ
ţصصͷ
ͺʹӳ˵˵¶
á
Թ˯˯ţһβμӸ߿ЩС
֮󣬸ϽϴȥӴԺӡ
û뵽ԺＷ֪࣬м仹˲Աӳˣ˴ӳﴫҶҪҲҪżֽ˵ˣֻҪϸ߿ģԲμӸ߿ԱɽӶҪżһ
˵ԺӻǼˣһļ٣һСʱŰ˵ֶǼϣӳʣģҲμӸ߿
ԡļᶨ˵
ãúúã߿Ǻ¶ӳ͵ؿ˵Ϳõ㣬ɽ˽
šصͷ˵ȥɻˡ
ȥɡ
μӸ߿ƣøɵĻǵøɣҪȥ鿴ճɣ֮Ķǹڸ߿¶ÿһ춼ˣԱ֪ǰɻġѧΡʷѧѧ⣬һ˼Ѫһú͵¿鿴ҹ賿
ȻЩ󲿷ֶᾰġ
ᾰǳԶӡһ֪߿ָȷϢּ֮ӡ˼ǧȻӦ󣬲سǵке˶רܵسǵ
ӡˢǱʮֿģᾰڣйҹӡһһ鼮䵽ҪͬʱҲð˲ʷ飬һЩ顢ֳ߼۳гϣ˵鳱ﵽ˿ǰʢ
ᾰҲУÿ϶ؿ飬ľȵǽ˳ҲμӸ߿ˡ
Ҳμӣʡ
˳ͷţҲԸҲμӣ
ڶʮʧȥ̫̫Ķ֪ʶȴһҲûн˳Ǻ½˳¶
˳ҲƵ˳УΪɷݲã˳ӣֻس𻪸һЩۻӣڽ˳ҲԲμӸ߿ˣľϲʣ𣿱𣿡
˳ϲ˵ˣ˵ʱһˣԲμӸ߿
á֪ܶʶǸʮﶼûгȥе뿪ˣеĶˣеĳ˸ָ⣬ȴܹ֮󣬻Ի̬䣬Ĵ
š˳ͷ˵ǣǡ
ʲô
ǰѧϰ̫ãܿϴѧ
ôأҺ֪ڣ㻹һôôῼأϣǴġĹ˳
˳ͷ¶ɫ˵Ҷˡ
ǿԽ˵
Ը𣿡˳ʡ
ΪʲôԸأȰѺǱߵͣһͣרıս߿Ļˮƽߣ֪ѧϰҲѧϰ
𣿡˳ϲʡ
Ц˵
һȥϴ󣡡
Ľ˳ҵᾰ˵һҪһѧϰᾰ̴Ӧˣӣÿ¹ᾰȥسҽ˳ѧϰǽ˳ᾰѧϰ
˳⣬ȫͶѧϰıһõ߿飬϶Ը߿ģŽ˳һᾰѧϰʱĲŷᾰ㣬˼άţ浽УʷļҲϬıʸû˵

ʵҲż˳һĿᾰ˫۷⣬̶ӡ
˳ѾǵүˣҲ˿ˣСسɽӡ
̫̫˶ôӸ߿Ҳﲻæ;ٵĸɻƽʱһóԵĸǲһ
Ÿ߿ԽԽɽӵѧϰΧ쳣Ũᾰ˳ѧϰҹ˳Ҫؼˡ
ᾰͽ˳ɽӣϴ캺ƽһ¶˳үˣҲСģҪС·ᾰû취͸ߡ
ţȻǰ캺ƽڵͬʱһ̧ȥ
Ϳ캺ƽ˵ƽ˵Ļа취ٵһȣһҸ϶취ġ
캺ƽһ˦ڵ֣˵ʲô취ƭһҪҽ췢żǲǻҪһسڰ죿ǲǻҪҵĺҵģɵһ
лҪ˵

 64 

ʮ£̼
ģڿ˵
캺ƽĲͷ, תҪߡ
һס캺ƽ䡣
Сᾰ˳˶ûߴ·ʣһת·, ǻ캺ƽ, оʹԭίڳŵ캺ƽ, ͨ˹ϵ캺ƽسǡ
캺ƽˡ
ڵļ˻˵, ʱûа취ӻس, ûи֪캺ƽˣ첲ˣûյľȼ, Ҫչ, Ѳܻسǵ¶캺ƽ, û˹ˡ
Ͱ¶, 캺ƽһ, ˻ָ߿ÿʯܹ, 캺ƽ֪һѧϰ, ս߿
һСľͱ¶˸ż
캺ƽŷԼһֱڹʱŭ, ھͳЩݣ˶ҡҡͷ, о캺ƽƭϴƣˣ
˲߳Сڳ캺ƽ𣺡ңҪΪҿ԰س, Ͳң϶ȥģԲԣϲǲǣտʼͰ׷ͷͶˣԲԣ
ԣҾϲģ캺ƽϣҪ֣Ѿһˣ
캺ƽ⻰һᾰ˳˲ͬʱһͣᾰ˳ͬʱתͷģĸϽ˵¶ûϵҿûкһ𣡡
ᾰüͷ
˳ɻʣģ캺ƽ͹
ĳϣš
˳ܲˣʣôͷ
Ľ˵ʱӳԱչ֪࣬ԾΡ
Ŷԭ˳׵ģƯܸɣ˵캺ƽ⡣
𣿡ᾰͻȻʡ
תͷᾰҹɫŨᾰɫֻᾰڵлްĹĪƣش𣺡Ҳǵüˡ
ôͣᾰֵʡ
ǸǸʱʶ㡪
ᾰһ䣺Һ캺ƽͬʱġ
һһ˵ģĺȻоһºᾰͻȻͷųЩѹȸУᾰᾰȻʶʲôתһߣ˵߰ɣˡ
ǰߡ
˳оղ̫ԣҲ֪ô¶г˴·תͷᾰ˵һȥˣҲȥɣټ
·עⰲȫ
֪ˡ
˳г뿪ˡ
ᾰվڴ·ϣܺᣬżк紵ವģİ¶ת˵ؼҰɡ
ᾰĬǰš
ҲĬš
ս˴캺ƽشС·˹ᾰһЩȣѿڶһ䣺ôˣôһ𣿡
θɣᾰھӲһ䡣
һ㶡
캺ƽǾ˽ᾰģᾰããƽʱҲǺˣտʼʱᾰҲй֪ᾰΪʲôˣᾰоֹȻʣ⻹ǵһ˵ôӲϲдЩ
ᾰȴ캺ƽô룬רע˵ȥҵ顣
Ļеصͷ
˴캺ƽߣ캺ƽһθоᾰϵĺ˸䣬ſԼ̫ˣϽ֪ߣž뵽¶ŭһ뵽ոᾰһѧϰģŭ֮ϣһ㷳
̲סͷᾰ
ᾰʱѾļУĽһݸᾰᾰӹ֮󣬿һۡ
ʣȥҪ𣿡ƽʱᾰ鶼Ƿȵ¹֮󣬽˳Ҳõ￴飬һȥ˳Ƕ飬ٴȥġ
ᾰӦһ
˵עϢ
šᾰԥƬ̣ת߳Ժӣͣһ£ҪͷһģסˣͷҲصس֪ȥ
ߵԺſڣ˫ָץԺţҪʱһϤĽŲ̧ȥᾰֻˡ
֪࣬ôֻˣĲʡ
ᾰֵݸģˣ뿴ˣͷɡ
Ķһ£ֽӹ
ᾰ˵ˡ
š
ᾰͣ
鿴ᾰıӰ˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ᾰû
˵ûеĻҹ˯ˡ
ᾰת
ֱֱᾰ
ᾰʣǲ캺ƽ֮һͣһ˲˲ضģҪĿٻشֺĸĴԼܲ˵ġ
Աˡ
֪Լ㣬ҲԼĺ캺ƽйһιȥ⣬ľˣʵֻǺøС
˵ֻĽѣΪĺرһʣɾºͣദһݡ
ƣˣ⣬ѧϰÿһô㣬ڣ̲סֽкã֪Լϲˣһֱµģˮһƽ
ȴ֪ˮԽԽ࣬Ҳû취ǰƽضԴģÿ쿴žðġ
Ҳȷʵˡ
ÿ϶һĵĴӣ˵һ˵˯úܺãҲ˳µغһѧϰÿ棬һжôȻǽȴ캺ƽڳܡ
캺ƽϲġ
캺ƽ͹η
ͼηӳ˵ϣԱǶչ֪࣬ЩԱҲĵ֪ǵͣǸҸԣһΣûԺˡ
ĸ캺ƽ͹ΰ׷Ͱͷʲôʱ¶һǰ˰ɣǸʱżҲûʲôԵģôԴ캺ƽһƴĿϡ
Ŀںۡ
һβԱУǲǵڻ캺ƽԲŶһֱӶĬĬȥˣʳ˿ڣŵصĵĴ𰸡
ǡĻش
ᾰһ
˵ҹȥû˼ڶû˼ԺҲС캺ƽֻжĺ
ᾰһŴʯͷ׷ˣͬʱ͸оԼΪɣһԴݲȵӳڴǰǾڸղţֱɵĲ񻰣²ԼȴûĹԼɡ
ģҲ֪ҹ˵󣬻ǽ̼̫ܵˣ̲סʣأ
Ĳطʣʲô
ᾰ˳ҡ˼𣿡
лҪ˵㻹һ

 65 


ʮ£
һʻ, ˾ˣᾰһףҹᾰ͹ϵϢ, Щʧ
ᾰ˼
ڶʮһ˶ʮ, ûʲô컵뷨, ְнǮ򷿣żЩ㽾ͱұɱ졢ȵȵŸŵ˻ȥ, Ҳĸϵ, Ըһǡ
ǲ֪ᾰĺãҲǸܲռ飬෴ûаȫ, ǳԿ೤, Ľ޼ɵ, ˸оഺڷ, ʹ, Ҳ˶ס
С
үүȥĹ¶, ÿһ鶼ɱʹ, , ڵİ顣
ûӵа飬ͻ뵽ȡ, ʹҲ뵽ŵԵȵȣǡ
ǵضᾰ˵С
ᾰһϲ, о޴ʧȻʧ¶Цݣ˵Ѿ˵ˣ˵ܺá
˵ˣһ²ˣСүү̳үү̺һǳأҲΪʲôһԽһֺֽõ̫̫̬ʵ֪̫̫ãֵôԴ˺Ƕ̫̫Т˳мӣ̫̫һ̫̫ͺϲ𾴣Ȼϣиӡˡ
˵ˡᾰ˵
ΪʲôҪ˵
Ϊġ
ģ˭֪Ժ᲻䣿
Ҳ䡣ᾰž˵ĿǴδй֣غϡ
ҲȷԼ᲻䡭
ûϵᾰģǸˣദôãļǿ֮ĵĲȫУԲŻŬָ飬ǿԼ˵Ҳ䣬ûб֮ǰҶ㲻ô︺ҲÿȥЩʲôԼĲȥͺá
㲻ƽɡ
ûСᾰЦ
ĶؿᾰȻһ¸ң¸ҵȥԣȥԣǵͷ˵á
ᾰЦŨˡ
վſڣᾰ¶Ц⡣
ʱ֨ѽһˣᾰͬʱһĸϽС˵ˣϽȥɡ
̫̫ᾰҲûʲôϵ鵽賿Ǵ˿̲飬ᾰҲĪ飬͵ͷ˵ã
š
ᾰؿһģЦ뿪
ĸϽԺţ̫̫ʣ֪ˣ
ˡĲȻػش
ɻѧϰģܲܵ˰
Ȼˣ̣ǻᣬҲŬһ¶ѡ˵
˯ɡ
ţ֣ҲϽ˯
֪ˡ
ܻصԼķ䣬ڴϣҲ̫ԼᾰʲôȴǸ죬еһȸԾĺܡ
Կơ
˯ˣвɵþ͸ᾰǾ䡰Ҳ䡱һָᾰǾ䡰ûСôͣظᾰĻ˯ţͬʱ˯ŵĻᾰ
һֱЦţ뵽Ķ캺ƽû˼Ц̹׳϶Լ˼ҲЦûΪһ仰ôĹ
ҹѾˣȴû˿⡣
ٵʱϲб۾ˣżңԺﱳ飬һ
̿ĵ˵֪ˣ
أᾰʡ
ҽѧϰ̫ˣ˯ϲ顣
ᾰЦŵͷʣأ

ţúñɣȥ
֪࣬㲻Ҫ𣿡
Һһٱ顣
ðɡ
ʫ
ûһˣ˯ֲ׬Ǯñˣɢɢҵػ˯£װͷЩң׼ȥϴˢͷһžͿᾰϡߡ
ˡᾰᴼЦ紺һ㣬ˡ
һ£Ȼ뵽ʲôϽתܽȥͷ⴫ᾰʵЦЩЩۣžͷٴγϴˢǰ
̫̫ľͿᾰڿ졣
ĵͷ԰ӣо±һ£̧ߣᾰ΢ЦĸϽͷϡġ̹ϡ֮䷢΢ı仯ȴУ̧Ųᾰһ£ʾͣ
ȵᾰۣЦ
֪ͻȻЦʲôзᾰЦ
һ
ᾰϽ˵ûʲôǾϡúȡ
ţϡúˡ
ԶԶԡ
ƹȥˣᾰʵʵسԷȥϹ·ϣ̫̫ѧУҪúѧϰʱСᾰ˵㲻Ҫôڡ
𣿡
Ҳ˵ڰɡ
ʲô
ʱ֪֮ܣһֱҺ֪ദ󡣡
ᾰ˵ʣڴ𣿡
ص㡣
Ϊص㡣
Ŀᾰ
ᾰЦ˵˵
ص̲ϲҺ֪ܣʱҪ֪ˣ𣿡ȵԺ˵
ãˡ
Сģȥػȥ칫ң̫̫תͷʡ
ȥء
߰ɡ
Ŀᾰһۡ
ᾰЦŵͷ
˶˺أᾰ̫̫ȥպĺͼǷԱһ¼һ꣬鶼߸ɻ죬ǰļҳ̵ģ󲿷ֶĸ߿¶
μӸ߿ˣĸ߿ݣ̿ѧϰ統١
μӸ߿ĸ֪ʶᾰżҲ弸䣬Զ캺ƽһͼˣ˵ʲôҲָ֪߿ģûôѧϰø߿̫ˣҲһܿϣûʲôϣϡ
ϣתڻسǵϣǿ룬һԵ鳤Ρȸ߿Բ֪һ죬»ŶʱЦɵΪһֵ
Ͷ·ˡ
Ǳûָˣ֪˵߿¶Ǿִ֪ʲô߿飿
Ǽڱд鼮߿ͰĿ˵
캺ƽһ۾ˣʣĿ
˵ô˵ġ
Ƕˣ
ܰҺССˣӣһ
ܴҿ𣿡
¶ɫ߿¶ı˵¶ܶ˶缢ƿʵѧϰ޲˯֪ʶĺУϧû˿һ鶼ˣ˭Ըٶһ˰
ֱֲӾܾ캺ƽ˵Ҫسһԣ˵кܶ򲻸߿飬ʲôֳģһǰĸ߿⻹˷Ҫȥң
캺ƽһɫͲˡ
лҪ˵

 66 


ʮ£
ֲ캺ƽɫı仯, ҲΪ߿ǰ鼮ô֪һ, ޲÷ַж鼮, ʱ鼮ٷָ˿
˵, ʱ캺ƽ飬캺ƽмһ, ڡҲ̫ܰ, ּһ䣺Ҫһң˵ӡˢǱ߻ӡ߿飬ÿ춼һֳ»ġ
ã֪ˡ캺ƽºͣĮ
û˵
캺ƽѰ, Ƕ̬޼, ʮ, תͷᾰ, ᾰѧĿ, žͷ¹֮, ͺʹӳ˵һ, ȥس顣
Ҫ߿ˣ»ſڻų, һﶼһ飬Ŷӱߵ߿, ҲںŶӣһСʱ»Ǳ֪ͨû, ĲˣʱԱߵСȴûʣôߣ
˾򲻵ˡС˵
߾Ϳ𣿡
˵컹ء
ҪŶһҹ
԰Ҵް顢ú͵ŵģҾšСɾʮӣ˵ּͷ顣
캺ƽһ䡰񾭲ɲԸɵһȣ߳飬»긽˿ģûҪ飬ȥ˺УȻҲҪ顣
Ϲ˱Уе»سǴܶ࣬״ȴسһޣû
˽
ӱлʱѾˣꤣһڹӪһ棬֪㣬ԶԶؾͿ֪һ´ɸ׻֪㡣
߽֪㣬֪һԷš
鿴ôˣö𣿡
Ŀ໹УѾ档
ԣ˵˭쵼ģʲôش壿Щٿˣ֪϶ѧģ˿϶ǻģô죿ʲôˮģȫǵá
Ҳǣڵѧ
ʵǻãԱǣбҵģӲЩǶûбԹʲôҲܱԹ㿴Żƣ˵ѧĿˣǳбҵء
˵ûҲúúѧ˾ͿԻسˡ
ɲ˵ѧѧѲҪǮ
˴ѧܵأ
ڹȱ˲ţ϶Żݶࡣ
˵ȵ˻á
϶ȵ˺ˣ
ѽǱ˵ˣϽԷ극飡

֪ǵĻ캺ƽĶˣ޲ϾͿϴѧ뿪طּһ֣еҪ򵽸߿顣
ڶȥسǣûҵ飬»ǰŵĳһ㣬ĲС
صɽӴҶͷ飬ÿ˶ô棬ʱ߿ֻжʮˡ
Խżˡ
¹󣬾»ǰŶӣһҪһ顣
˵»Ѿû鵽ˣһ٣̫ɽԽˣȺɪɪ˶ޱߴްеԼû׼
Ŀ漴һСŮ֪ϣŮ֪ú͵СŶӣһ߿ѧ顷ĶǱʼ
֪඼չѯĿſڵϽ֪Ӯ֪ĸлһʼдúãȵϴѧԺǡ߿ѧ顷һѧ϶ֵǮ
캺ƽջĿ⣬Ա֪˵
䰡ŶԣۻӰɣ򲻵ˡ
ô֪򲻵
û˰Ҹ㽲ʮ͸߿ˣ򲻵飬ɾˣҲˣһӣұ˹һȥ
ߡ
ٲߣҾͶˣ

֪һŵ֪һҲˣ캺ƽȴţûްûӣҲûú͵ƣԽԽ䣬׶һֱͱ
Ų뿪飬Ҳ⣬ԺءĿתתȥתСŮ֪ϣһ뷨
뷨ͷһ֮䣬Ų˲ӣ뿪˶飬һҲҪؼҵӣڰŮ֪ܾã
˶ް˯ˣܰġ
Ů֪ƺҲˡ
Ŀ뿪ͷϵްͼԼȫھްУȻоһɷ߹ιһһӰӹһҪѵϵʱ鲻ˡ
̴ˣ𾪲ѣ׷װң˭Ҳûע⵽ͬ캺ƽ캺ƽһ߿ѧ顷·ðϺص֪㣬֪໹ڱҹҲ顣
øֱͿˡ߿ѧ顷֣ſò˵Ů֪ʼķǳãԵõˣһͿˡ
ԽԽ񫣬賿һ࣬ڶ̸֪ѧϰݣЩܹˣıԽ濴ż֪
Щ֪෢ķˣ׷ֽ̣ĵ׶һԽУ˲Լ߿ɹڼᾰʱҲûô飬Լһᾰĺãһʤǡ
ᾰûȥ캺ƽǺͽ˳Ŭѧϰ
żᾰһ£߹յĸǰĿĺۣᾰһֱ֪ᾰǹģҪڽ˳ǰý˳ˡ
ᾰ˵źãɻʱʱĿ
ǷˣᾰǸôߵˣŸսͲԼˣǶһܵעС
ϴֶĸʲô˳ͻȻʡ
Ծһ¡
ᾰƤǺתͷʽ˳Ҷ𣿡
ˣ϶ģôˣ˳ʲô֪
Ӧ˼⡣
˼
ţľͿ˼𰸡
ˡ
档ᾰĿض˵
ôᾰڱáЩ˼صͷĵش˳ȥ˳ʲôûз֣һ˵˵ˣúÿ飬͸߿ˡ
š˳˼
ֿһСʱ飬Ѿˣᾰѽ˳ߣתͷݺݵغᾰ˵ᾰע㣡
ᾰһ޹˵עʲô
϶ҿ
뿴㣬ô죿
㡭⻹Ǹºᾰ
ġᾰĵĻ
ᾰ
𣿡ᾰͻȻʡ
á
ᾰͻȻסĵ֣˵ȻҰһ档
ᾰ˫ְĵյ
˵һ֣ȵײ˾һ̧ű˴ˣ˴е⣬˴ˣļܣã
㣡֪࣡һͻȻ˹
лҪ˵㻹һ

 67 


ʮ£
ᾰŵĸϽ, ͬʱѭȥվſڵػ
㡣۾߹ʣҹ, վʲô
ҡǸͽ˳˵
˳𣿡ʡ
ˡʣôˣ
Ҫ֡˵
ƽʱǲҹ, Ǳ, ˵ǿȥɡ
еºڡ
֪㣬òã
á
Ŀᾰ
ᾰͷ, ַĺ, ȥ֣İһûпᾰʲôϾ, ͸һ, ᾰ˻, ᾰ˵֪, ȥϢɡ
ҲϢ
ᾰؿһ¡
ĵᾰһ, Ρ
ᾰһͷЦˣջĿת뿪
Ժ, Ժ˨, ص󣬺Ȼ뵽ոᾰԼ, ʶؿ˿˫֣ոյȻһ, ů
򵥵ϴһ£ڴϣһθоԡ
һ֮ǿԼȥһѧݡ
ڶ쾫ȥϹ
ߵϵ, Ϳӳ˸߲ҵعˣеһֽʣͬ־ǣõʲô׼֤μӸ߿׼֤ˣھͷǣ
⻰һμӸ߿Ա֪Ǽӳһһ֣׼֤У˱ֽϵһݣ˵ȫʮ˲μӸ߿˵ǧľš
˵һЩҵĻ󣬴ӳص㻹ǷϣҪҶȥɻǲμӸ߿Ա֪Ļˡ
ҪμӸ߿ˣ
˾Ϳϴѧˣسˣ
һ϶˷ܣɻҲƽʱһ¹Ͻץʱѧϰڶ¹вμӸ߿Ա֪඼ȥҴӳ٣ᾰҲˡ
һ𵽼ʱ˳Ҳˣе׼֤˵ҵ׼֤ҲˣˣΪͷΪҼҳɷݲãҷ׼֤ء
Ц
˳ϧ׼֤˵Ҵûһ죬ҲܲμӸ߿ͿˣһеСš
ᾰ˵𣿡
е㣬أ
á
ΪͬԸ߿ȾĲ࣬ûжʮһͶԸ߿ѹͽţĸоԱ֪Ѹ߿ɵһϣȥ׷󣬷պ״̬Цſ˳
˳˵ҪҪٸϰϰϰ˵ſʼԣǻʱء
Ҫˡ˵
ᾰͷͬġ
˵ǿȵѧôã÷һ£úϢϢרĴ⡣Դӵָ֪߿Ժ˶˼Ѫһÿ춼ѧϰ賿ż绹һ⣬һҲûзɹ쿪ʼԣҲϢϢˡ
ҲС˳ͬ
˵ȥЩˣһԶٷͻȥúϢͿԡÿæѧϰѾһûϴˣ̫̫æ
Ұ㡣ᾰ˵
Ҳ㡣˳˵
Уǽ̺ЪϢЪϢ
̧˳ֳﲢûʲôˣȥسҲˣ֮ǰƵ⡢̼㳦ᾰ˳ӱߵ㣬˸
ľһݺ㣬ζƴ̣ȥһЩ۲˺ͺ̫̫ܲеĵɹõĢľͳһ۲˳Ģһܲ
һͷǺܷḻˣĵջǳã㣬ζǾˣһûгԵյᾰ˿ڸ
ۣ̫óˣһ⣬۾˵ֳԵĲˣж
ôĲó𣿡̫̫ʡ
óԣϽ˵óԣҳһķͻķȻķķģ
һ仰˵˭Ҳûе̫̫Цˣᾰ˳ҲЦʮ죬극֮ᾰ˳˱˴˹֮󣬻ȥϢ
ڶϣ컹ûɽӾˣҲˣ̫̫˰󼦵⽴ϲȵĳԺúȺãһļ׼֤ԲʡǦʺ͸ֱʡ
ˣˣ˵
̫̫˵ҪҪķҲϣҸղȥ·Ͽһ£ö˶źͷ󼦵ʲôȥԣҪҪҲ׼
칫߿سѧУسɽ˵ԶԶ˵Ҳ翼ԽԷĻܻЩϣԺܶ࿼ųԵȥμӿԡ
ҽ㲻׼ҽǮ¹ӣ˵
Ц˵ˣ֮ǰ˵ˣ翼Խ󣬿ȥҳԣǳԡ
Ƕ鷳˼Ұ̫̫˵
ⲻ鷳лﻥ
̫̫Ц˵У´ȥ˳ңʹŵʳȥɱҳԿˡ
֪ˡ̧Ҫߡ
ôȥسǣ
֪г
ģ̫ðɡ̫̫˵
Ц˵ûʲôõģҶȥμӸ߿Ųôࡣ
̫̫Űɵظߵ·ϣ·½иӵԱ֪ǳسǷߣеǲУеţҲегŮŮģ˵˵ЦЦģûнŮһһг̫̫Ҳͷˡ
ġʱᾰг߹òغ̣
Է𣿡̫̫Цʡ
ˡᾰЦ˵꣬תġ
˵ʱҲˣǻҪȥҿ𵢸ˡҾȥˡ
̫̫ͷȥɡ
˵㣬֪࣬ҪͣһҪһ
ᾰһЦ
ᾰгһۡ
гг漴ʻĳ̫̫֣ܿؾͿ˵ӰжЦݵԱ֪࣬ûƽľнѹ֣ӯ죬ﶼ˹⡣
һʱһθܵഺϢɵðĿתǰᾰᾰĺ󱳣紵һİһҲԽԽ
һᾰ
ᾰӦһ
ã
ᾰͻȻгͣˣתͷʣ˵ʲô
ķʣͣʲô
̫ղ˵ʲôû
˵ǺúÿԣרĿԣ˵
ᾰģЦļ信ʡ
Ҳ޵Цݡ
˶ûע⵽캺ƽ캺ƽˣ˫սг֣Ҫָ˵ӡ
лҪ˵ûд

 68 


ʮ£
ᾰͣ˰, ᾰ²гӣ캺ƽɶǲţвޣһְǲڽµİ취
ǰһ־ø߿ѹ, ôһ, , ͲгӣѸٳᾰ, ״ŭˢһڸС
ϧᾰ͵û캺ƽ
˰ԼĲسǵĺ칫ѧ, ѧУĴŽţͷѾ˺װֵףλ߿˳
ʮʽС
ѾĿǻվ׵طĸ飬ȻҲл, ĴԿһ, и߿Ϳİ, ʮҵ, Ҳʮҵ, һ϶Цݡ
ϴģһ͹Ľ˳ᾰ, ˸߲ҵܹˡ
簡ᾰ˵
, ҶǵĿҵˡ˳ָѧУᾰ˵ͳ¥ϴں¥Ķ¥, ľһ¥
أᾰʡ
Һһ¥ڶ¥˳Ц˵
ѧϰľ߶𣿡ʡ
ˡ˳˵һ׼, ͵ȸ߿ˣˣȥҼҳԷ, ġ
֪ˡָָΧ˵Ҷؿ飬ҪҪҲϰһ¡
˳ᾰͬʱҡͷ
ĸûдٸϰˣͽ˳ᾰ˵֮󣬾ԭشţܿ˿ܶϤס
캺ƽ⣬ڣڿȥЩŵӣһ飬ͣرţ󲿷ֵĿǱȽɿĵġ
ջߡ
ûһУŴ򿪣һ뿼ĺᾰ˳ֱ֮ʱһ£ԼĿ
˳˵ûĵĿһ¥
ûʱϹѧ֪ʱѧʮּ࣬Կ˵ǽڣƾɵӺ͵ӣҲûо⣬Լ׼֤ãҵԼλ
һ£ӷ֨ѽһͷ˿ãЩϾɣʱ䲻ỵ壬ԼĿԾ飬ȱĿ
Ƭ֮࿼ʦˣһֽŴ࿼עŲһ׼֤ĿԾŵС
ûпһĸ߿ԾҲ֪һῼʲôҲֵ֪ЩţԼϰûʲôô
ȵԾһ顣
ֻĿ
һʹʮ֡
һļӱִĶʮ֡
һʮ֡
ܻһٷ֡
ϸĿݣһʹ͵ǡִ̡̰͡顱ȴľʫĽѡһ졭ЩԶʮһ͵˵ܼ򵥣˿϶뵽ʮԴѷ߿ͻȻָĿҲķʱˡ
Ǹ߿򵥵һΣԺԽԽѰɣûдԼϢ֮󣬿ʼ⡣
ûΪĿ򵥶ӣǳĵдģȵ˹Žʱûʲô˿۳ɼʹʲôһʱ˴˿ô
д𣿡˳ʡ
ᾰͷʣûдꣿ
ûУҲִ֪ʲô˼˳Щա
Żѣ˼ָ١ˮ䰴ֹʡ˵
ûпˮ䰴ֻ
ûϵֻһѣúÿİο˳
˳ͷЩɥ
˳ôɥ˻٣Ͼôöûн鼮ˣڽ˳ûоɥãͻָᾰؼҳ緹
׼⣬Եĺܷʢڽ˳ϢһСʱſѧѧҲһٷƵģкмΣͦȫˡ
Ҫĸϰôõġ߿ѧ顷ƾ뿪ѧУô꣬Ҳлᾰ͵ĸ߿飬˳д꣬Ž˾ӣ˹г˺칫ѧ˳ᾰϣߴߴһͨ𰸡
ĺᾰдĴһģһ
˳ˣǲῼְɣ
Ц˵˵Ӵ
ᾰЦ
ɽӵ·ϣᾰһʣģѧ
֪أȿ˵˵
ᾰûʡ
صҲã̫̫ŻϽĿô˵
ͣļ͡
ڶֺᾰһ˿翼ʷƺһԾϣҲһٷ֣֮ȥ˳гԷ
֪ѧһԾϣͽˣᾰ˳Ҳˣؾ͵˺칫ѧſڵţͬ˲ٿڷ鼮
ľᾰ˱дġ߿ѧ顷Ĳ֪Ȿӡ˶ٴΣ֪سǡУٽҲӡⱾ飬һ»̼꣬ͻһա
ǳ𱬡
ᾰһֱܵ
Ŀջʱ򣬿һŮ֪࣬Ů֪ݵģװ׵ģܺÿһֱԼǸտء
ŮֻҪÿᶢſ
Ů֪࣬Ů֪ʲôػصسпſţĿȻס˳Ů֪Ŀ⿴ȥ캺ƽ캺ƽһҲڡ߿ѧ顷
ѵŮ֪ʶ캺ƽ
ʱȻѧУУŴˣһӿϣȥ캺ƽʱӰˣͬʱҲҲŮ֪ˣ˼뿼ʼ
һ룬ͬһԾϵҲǰٷƵԾٶȡܡԭӽṹѧӦҲûе꣬ҲҪ֪ʶУĶУ˳дꡣ
֮󣬻ûԽģûǰϰߣǾڽţŵţӴᾰ˳ˣҲûٵȥҲԾᾰ˳ϡ
ô˳ʡ
˵
ǶԶԴ𰸣˳ʡ
Զԡ
һ˴𰸣˳ԵشĿ⣬ᾰһģһĴ𰸣˻һۣɽӵ·ϣᾰһ䣺ģ뱨ѧи߿¼ȡȹ֣ԺУȻ¼ȡ
˼
ᾰͣгͷʣȥ׶ϴѧ𣿡ܷû׶ѧ⡣
˵ҿһ¡
ǲǹ̺ᾰʡ
ȥһǡ˵ˣرؼˡ
á
Ļص̫̫ûл˼һ£ʵܹȥ׶ѧȻǺõģȥ׶ѧһҪһĻ𳵣̺̫ġ
ǲȥ׶ѧĻԼڣͻȻ֮Щˣž̫̫ˣѯһ̫̫̫̫һֱ˵Ȼ׶ѧˣ
ľȣôˬ죡
׶ѧ٣̫̫׶һʶ׶ѧˣͿ϶Եˣ˵̻ûȥ׶˵׶ϯ壬ȥĸͷллǺӡ
Ҳȥ׶ǣ˵
ȥ׶ˣô죿ʡ
Ҽ̫̫֡˵
˵ҺúѧҲ׶ѧ
ԣĸ߿һ£̫̫ø߿ûôңɼԺҲÿ
ǣڼҲġ
ʲôֲ۸ǣ̫̫˵ˣȥ׶ϴѧôٵ¶Ժ˵ܵˣǲ۸Һǻͽأ
̫̫˵ն
룬̫̫˵ȷʵ֮飬ɮ濴棬úãֻͽ̺ôһ룬ȥ׶ѧͦõģʣԸȥ׶
š̫̫һ֧֡
ĺᾰ˵ˣᾰǼȥд߿־ԸǶУѧˣûȥѧУдǵд߿־Ը
ڴҶ˽߿־Ըᾰȥ칫ҵʱ򣬿˸߿־ԸдǽŴѧţѧֵİ칫ҵ˹ЦԱһҲ־Ըôдײ¼ȡϡ
ᾰд׶ѧ
ոãԱ߹캺ƽ캺ƽᾰд׶ѧӱǼ䷢мЦȻᾰܿ׶ѧƶ׶ѧ
лҪ˵¶һ

 69 


ʮ£ɷ
ӹ칫ҳ, Ա̸֪Ÿ߿־Ը¶˵캺ƽ׶ѧһĽѣ캺ƽĽ, гػصɽӡ
Ĳʣ֪࿼ĺܺ𣿡
ĸ֪ࣿո־Ըвġ
캺ƽ˵
ᾰش𣺡֪
Ÿո캺ƽһѾõ׶ѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ, ̲סʣôʲô
ôעʲôᾰһ䡣
ţᾰĲԾ, תͷᾰᾰЩȻ˵ʱ䲻, ûؼҳԷˡ
ĵͷ
Ա֪г칫־Ը, Ա֪๲һгɽӵгҲ类ˣһᾰг˵Ҳûйע֪ࡣ
ᾰû˵
ּһ䣺Ҫڰ칫ҵʱ̫Nɪ, ŷ˵, ʱгһʯ, һ, ĸϽץסᾰ°, ֮䣬ִᾰ
ᾰ޷, ܸоϵ¶, һŻһ
һֱץ°ڣĪؾ׽̹, Ĺע캺ƽ¶Ҳ캺ƽ, ûʲôϵҲ캺ƽתʣûУ
, һȥҼҳԷ𣿡ʡ
áᾰӦˬ졣
صҺ̫̫Ѿ˷ᾰԹ֮󣬲ҲʼϹˣ߿ȶȲûŸ߿Ľ½һʯһͶÿԱ֪УȻҶظĻ
ÿ˶ӱֽȸͬ˽ڸ߿ĸ飬޲Ͼ͵֪߿̾ȥϴѧ߿ľǸʱĻڸ߿ûӣÿ챨ֽ϶ڸ߿Ϣ
μӸ߿Ŀٶ
ʡ߿
ͻȻһ챨ֽϳˡ߿ѧ顷Ľܣ˵һʦдɣǳز֪ʶÿǵϲ˼ʮᣬֽһʦ
һʦ𻪡
ͷչȫصĽڡʦʦҽȵȶõƽɽصһЩʦѾ˳ǣƶʮʦ
Ϣ˳ܲѣϽܹᾰ˵߶˵ͷָݣﵱͷʹޣȰҵģܵⷽ˺̫ˣһʱûлڼ飬ʱѧУ
ᾰͷ
˳ĵĲˣС˵ҸоԺӻԽԽˡ
ǵȻЦ˵
ǵС⻹Ȼ˳һ׬˲ǮᾰΪ߿ѧ顷һһǮ˳ʱȱǮˣˣ̫ϲ׬Ǯĸоˣ˵ȥ˺Уö˶ʲôʱʼˮǶþˡ
ˮʱǲϴڸ¶ǵȡѵ
⽴Ҳа
Уǿʼ⽴
ã˳һˣ˵һȥǽƿӣȥĢɵ㡣
һȥᾰ˵
ĵͷ
ᾰȥ˳ң𻪱飬İ⽴ϴаģϴĴȤ˵֪࣬С¶᲻Сð
Сˣᾰʡ
֯д߿ѧ顷ˣһ뷨׬ġЦ˵Щеš
ᾰܵ˵׬ٶ಻ģ
˲˵
֮ǰ̾ơ
ȵȣ㻹̾ƣʡ
ȻôںУ
ΪЩС⡣
̾ҲС⡣
㵨󡣡
˴˱˴ˣǶǻԾгһЩ͵ҪСᾰЦ˵꣬˳Դڹջ̲סһĵıӡ
ıһȤţȻоģſᾰһͷ⣬ᾰҲʶ⣬ڴøմˮ͸ĲӣŲЦ
ᾰһ¡
ᾰĵ֡
ģˡ˳һ
ĸϽ
ᾰŽá
⽴ᾰĻɽӣѡ·߶ȽƫƧɽӵԱ֪Ƕûзǵ쳣Ǹؾͻȥһν˳ҡ
ʱϣʱ磬ʱϣʣµʱӸɸɻ飬ӹ⣬ĺᾰ˵ĹϵҲһ˵س·϶ԽԽܡ
ʱһ꣬ʱһǴµģʱֶŴ̫ģҲû뵽ԼԺᾰദôǢ
ûʲôȣһЩϵС¶ʱС¹ײż͵ᾰһۣԿᾰ˫ͨ졣
˿̣·ϲ֪ļƤӸһСʯͷгһһûע⣬ᾰϣܵᾰһͬʱһ̧ۿᾰˡ
ץᾰ°ڣԴǰᾰա
ᾰƺˣƫࡣ
󿴡
ᾰƫҲࡣ
ֿҲ࿴
㡢ãСıˤˡᾰѡ
ûмᾰоرĺ棬⽫ᾰĺϣź·Ҳᾰ
ģܿ졣
壬ᾰ󱳣ԼҲ飬гᾰĵΪǵ۹Ķģɵüչ
ڶ֮
֪࣡
Żƣ
ͬʱᾰͬʱһǰɽӴ·ڣ·վˡ
ô¶
ʱҲǶӦϹ
ôۼˣ
ѵΪ͵͵󱻷ˣ
Ҳô̰
˵̫̫¶ˣ
һ½
ᾰҲ뵽⣬Ͻʻ·ڣһǰһгʱȻȺðͷĵغ㣬֪࣡
ᾰһºͿˡ
ʣʲôô
ĵ˵㣬Ҫϱֽˣ
ʲôֽʡ
ձȻȺгһ۾ˣǼߡ
ʲô˼ᾰ⡣
ǻ֪ʡ
֪ʲôᾰһʡ
㣬Ǹ߿˵һ
ᾰͬʱȣ˸߿֮ҲԱ֪һעŸ߿⣬ǽܿģûа¶ϣ벻߿
Ȳʣǿ˶ٷ֣
ٰʮŷ֣˵ܷİٷ֡
Һ֪඼ٰʮŷ֣
ԣ
ĲŵؿһԵĴӳ
ӳһûк£Ӳʳڽߣ߿״Ԫܲ˵˵˵ĲѾˣλձļߣɷǡ
ûŪɣԼٰܹʮŷ֣ǲ̫ᾰٰʮŷ֡
ôдأˣ˼߶ɷˣ죬ӽܲɷáӳ˵꣬ϽᾰӴԺ졣
лҪ˵ڳԺˣҲһµ㻤ܿģҺ趼Ĳˣһ̲ͣ뿪ҽԺڿרˣ۷
ѸλǣһҪע壬һҪע⣡һ£̫ಡˣо彡ʵ̫̫̫̫̫ҪˣֻҪעˣҲᰮġ
󣬴ȥרղһ¡Һ׸ٽ[Ŵ]¸¿һҪղع

 70 


ʮ£û
ᾰŴӳ˵ӴԺ, ӹӳݹķֽдǶٰʮŷ֡
ٰʮŷ֣
ǹƵĻʮ֣ɼ࿼ʦͦǵʷ, ֻ벻, ǵܷ־Ȼһģһ
˿ģ
˰ɣӳʡ
ᾰͷ
ǸϽܲɷðɡӳ˵
ᾰһ, 򡶱ձļߣ߼״Ͻǰѯᾰѧϰ, ϱӿܶ߿״Ԫϱֽ, ԼļͥѧУѧϰȵȡ
û뵽һ죬ҲΪһԱеˬᾰٵ, ûпκγɷ, ʲô, Ǿʹʲô
һԵĴӳӳһĸЦؿᾰ, ȲҪɷ, ȵĲɷˣֽŲ, ò˵˳, ȫǿ佱ĺᾰģᾰʮֲ˼, һתͷ̫̫ż·ˡ
̣·ʲôĲʡ
㴩̫̫С˵Ҹո˵, һҪƬϱֽģǵôĺÿһЩ, ⲻ·ɣƬ˸о̫ˡ
ոĻ̫̫ôûԭǻؼҸ·ȥˣЦõ˵̣ˣҴͦõġ
µĸÿ
ǺڰƬ¾ĳһġôڣ·Ҳ̫ãҾʹˡ
㲻µˣ
ˡ
˵е̫̫ҲͲǿĴ·Աţʱ߷֪ĵʱϽѯʣ̫̫˷Ǽ׼ɽӻ˵ĽͰ͵ģȴĹ⡣
ǻָ߿ʼʱһԣǵһԸ߿״Ԫձʮӣɷᾰɷ˴ӳӳɷ̫̫ɽӵԱҲɷһ֣һЩԱֽЩηԱʮּоԼһر¶
ĩˡձɲ㣬Ŵӳӳιɽӵӳӳ߳һٱ㷹
߼ԣȫɷ֮󣬴ҴҺͬ뿪ˣǵ뿪ûдԱ֪ǵļһø߿ƺǱ˼ҵ飬ǰȴΪ״Ԫˡ
ԺӦûᵱٰɡ
һΧᾰףأᾰȻܣһʡԼõ̫̫ĵҪΪİϯȫɽմմϲ
ĸϽֹ̫̫
̫̫ʣΪʲô죿
ǲ죬ٵһȡ˵
ʲô
ȹ¼ȡ֪ͨȷǶ׶ѧˣʱףҲٰ
ԶԶԡ̫̫Ц˵㿴ңϺͿˣˡ
̫̫ҲͰ¶ѺˣǴӳӳҪᾰԷ˵Ǹɽˣᾰ֪ӳӳҾһ㣬˵ֽˣ¼ȡ֪ͨ󣬴һԷӳӳҲʹӦˡ
ᾰŷһļУ˶ϲԼܹôߵķܷһģһ
̫̫ġ
˵㣡Ƕ׶ѧ˰ɣ
Ц˵Ӧûˡ
ҺҲȥ׶ˣ
ţ
̫ˣ
̫̫֪αԼϲãתҪᾰһȥæûһ˳˳ܹˣһվſھ˵ģϴҿٷ֣
ᾰķٷֲ࣬Ǻ忼ĳɼȣǸ߷ˣԽ˳⼤
òѽ˵
ţҿһ±˵ķ඼һٶ֣ҵġ˳Щ˵Ҹоҿ׶Ĵѧˣˣǿٷ֣
ٰʮšᾰ˵
˳۾ᾰ٣
ᾰش𣺡ٰʮţҺܷһ
˳𾪵ؿˣֱǵķž۶ǳݣΧǲʺƨһһģЦ˵ˣͣһɣȥ꣬Էɡ
֣˳ܳ
ûһһŷ˳
䣬ڳԷů͵ġ
ҲǺ䶬켫ʺϳԵĲˣһӵؽȡһŴײˣ˸ײӣһľһͷŵڵģȥůڵġ
óԣ˳佱
ǵȻĺǫ顣
ᾰ͵͵ƳһģͷһЦ
ĸ̫̫вˣ˳ָᾰһ衣
˳˵ôҼвˣ
Ļûжᾰһ˵˳С
˳㣬Ҳƽϣעһת߿ˣʣǵķӦÿ׶Ĵѧɣ
ᾰͷӦû⡣
¼ȡ֪ͨʲôʱܹأ
󡣡ᾰƶ˵
ϴ˵ǿ϶󣬽˳ŲɣͬʱЩĵ˵״Ԫ϶׶ѧһ᲻ȥ
϶ȥ˵
˳ɫһ
Ц˵ûб׶ѧ׶Ĵѧͨѧô׶ѧأ˳֪Լ׶ѧҲȥ׶ᾰһѧϰ־רҵѵԣ𻪽ͨѧԽ˳ˡ
˳ͷЦˡ
Ц˵ģյ¼ȡ֪ͨġ
˳ͷ
Ȼ˶Щţûг䶨֮ǰǻбģ˴ӸעŸ߿Ϣ
һĹȥˣձıֽҲûгᾰһЩ˶ɻˣҲơ
ŶԽԽŨɽûʲôˣеڼѣеֲ嶵ţеһԼҵլе˿ʼΪ׼ȴæ
æ׷ֺͷ⣬ҪʱɽӿʼǮ⣬ÿҶȥֵĶ࣬һϲģļҲ˲٣ᾰֵҲൽļˡ
ʣֲؼң
ᾰͷ˵һء
һأ
һȥ׶ѧ
֪ʲôء
¼ȡˡ
ô֪ģľȵʡ
̸ҷ籨ˡᾰЦ˵¼ȡ֪ͨ·ˣӦþ͵ˡ
ģ
ʲôʱƭ㣿ᾰЦʡ
ȷʵûƭһֱģһŴʯͷˣĵغͼ˹ꡣ
ȻᾰҲżҹꡣ
һҹһ꣬һԹӺңһһ֣мᾰ鲻Խĵ֣㱻̫̫֣ͬʱһܲܶ
Ŵѩ׷ɵϣ˹ž£͵͵سţնڵѩҹ̸˵ء
ѩҪһҹɣʡ
㵣ʵԱ¼ȡ֪ͨͲᾰʡ
е㡣
ѩ죬ѩһͣˡ
ʵѩͦÿĶѩҹзѩ˵
ᾰתͷģҹѩ׵գӣôôÿ˵׶Ҳдѩ
֪ĵͷ
ԺÿҶ㿴ѩᾰ˵
Կᾰ
Ŀഥ˭ҲûзֱֱֿţᾰǻĬĬļһů˵á
ᾰͷô˵ˡ
šĵͷᾰһЦ
ᾰǳǳһЦЦŴ˵ֵ˵ᣬÿҪ
ЩƲۣ鲻Խǰһգᾰһ˵ˣ˯ҪϹˡ
ᾰסǱʩħһǵӿ巢̣ǱһĲˣʱѾȥˡ
ġϽ
ܽԺӣתͷЦ˵ˣ
ᾰվѩУ˵
ܽ˷䣬ѵ£ͻȻ뵽ԼոյΪڶʮһ˶ʮ꣬˼ܿŵģԲΪ鲻Խᾰ׹֮ôôء
ġ
Ǹоۡ
ص֪ᾰֻգֱˣˣ̫ˣֻϴȻڴЦ
ڶᾰԹ緹ӼʱһȺԱУһۿģĪؾȣ˲ٵĸо
ᾰһЦ̸оᾰе⣬Ĺĵģر̤ʵ̤ʵؿʼɻ
չ꣬ҲûʲôɸɣĺͼǷԱһӵũߣӳ͸ӳ֯Աɨѩ֮ģϸĻ죬Ҳˡ
ɽӵ·Ҳ̫ɹˣѵѩ£¶̵ɫһȻӣʱһгʵԱɽӣһӴɽӵ
ѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ鵽ˣѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ鵽ˣӳĵеţƤֽš
һвμӿԵԱ֪Ƿ׷׶ĳͷӵȵȣӳǰ
ӳҵ𣿡
¼ȡ𣿡
ӳӳҵ֣

һżӳһ¼ȡ֪ͨ˵ȥõ¼ȡ֪֪ͨͷͿޣᾰʵõ׶ѧ֪ͨ飬ϲ¶Цݣ캺ƽӳҵ¼ȡ֪ͨأ
ӳտҲ˵¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼ȥˡ
ҵأ캺ƽһ顣
ӳ˵ûмġ
캺ƽᶨ˵ܣҿ˶һʮ֣Ǹ߷֣϶ҵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飡ҡ
лҪ˵Ժǰ⼸رæڰһʰðźãٴοʼ˫

 71 


ʮһ£վס
캺ƽôһ˵, ӳȼԼżٴοϿһһȫڱ, ûʲô¼ȡ֪ͨˡ
ѵŪˣ
Ū, ղŴʵԱǶӹ¼ȡ֪ͨʱ, ûп캺ƽģ˷¼ȡ֪ͨ, һֵ, дתͷ캺ƽ˵֪࣬㿴ȷʵû¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ܣ캺ƽǲ, ˵ֻһپʮ, ¼ȡ֪ͨ, ûеġ
ӳԿ֡
Լϴѧ, ȻȲᾰô, ôǿ˰ͻȻ캺ƽӳ˵Լ, æ캺ƽӳ, Ա֪Ҳǡ
ӳʲô¶ʡ
û֪¼ȡ֪ͨ顣ӳ˵
¼ȡ𣿡ʡ
֪࿼˶һʮءӳ˵
캺ƽ˶һʮ֡вμӿԵԱ֪඼֪, ʱ캺ƽǵһС
ŷᾰٰʮŷ֣ԶԶ˦, ŭ
ֵ˵ʱʮԽУϾǷߵġ
սձͷֵ, һʮȷʵͦˣϲ׶ѧҲصѧ캺ƽôΪģֵҲôΪʱֲʣ԰֪ͣǲʵԱ©һ¼ȡ֪ͨ飿
̫ܣЩ¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼һŷ
ôû֪أɻʡ
˭֪ءӳü
캺ƽһĲˡ
ӳҲ˼ĸڳ⡣
ܿ˿ӳУʣӳõʲô
ӳ̧˵ͷɽӵıţҹǵ¼ȡ֪ͨߣûпء
򿪿˵Ҫļء
úúáӳԸϽ򿪴ŷ⡣
˺һŷ˺ӳֽͬ־һֽڵأָϽǰȥ񣬴ӳһֽݣܿĵ˵ͷɽǴﰡ˵ɽһ˰˸ѧԱ֪࣬ǳĳɼٽ
˸ѧʡ
ԣ˸ӳ˵
תͷõ¼ȡ֪ͨģǰ˸û캺ƽʲô¶ӳҲʶ⣬һ캺ƽ
캺ƽղĲˣΪǴӳ˶ĲӣԺ뿪ɽӣҲʶӳˣǴʱϵĲˣȻתΪԾԾؿŴӳ
ӳٴοţ˵ǰ˸
ӳ⻹һֽֽǰ˸ˣд䡢ԺУְеһֽݸ˴ӳ
ӳֽӹ캺ƽ˵֪࣬ȷʵû֡
ôܣ캺ƽԾɲţ˶һʮ֣ұֵĸߣǶߣ
ȷʵ¼ȡԱз͵ģҲ캺ƽһֱǿɣЩˬǿѹŲˬ˵֪࣬ķǸߣǱǶߣǺŻ֪һٶ֣Ż֪յ׶ѧ¼ȡ֪ͨǺһʮҲд׶ѧѡĿԺܴ󡭡
ôһ˵˲֪캺ƽȻҲд׶ѧǵõʱȥԸʱʲôŴѧʡѧģŪһЦ˽һ֮ͨ󣬴ҶԼд˸߿ԺУ
벻캺ƽ׶ѧ
ǹˡ
Ƶؿ캺ƽ캺ƽȴע⣬ΪԼ˵׶ѧ¼ȡңҵĵڶ־ԸдǱͨѧ־Ըдͬһѧҵķϴѧû⡣
ַǳԼΪ캺ƽĲ
ӳ¼ȡ
Ҫڽʱᾰˣ֪࣬ܲ˽ѧ¼ȡƶȣֽ׶ǲõ¼ȡƶ޵һ־Ըﵽߺÿѧ¼ȡһ־Ըѧһ־ԸѧʱŻῼǵڶ־Ը־Ըѧʱڶ־Ըѧȵһ־ԸĸߣѧУҲһ¼ȡ
ԶԶԣ󣬸Ͻӻ˵֮ǰȥ칫д־Ըʱ˾ô˵д־Ըġ
ĵͷ
Ա֪Ǹŵͷ˵ԶԶԣҲЩˣǱԼʵ
Ҳ˵캺ƽûԼʵ캺ƽ˲ƿԣԴӸ߿֮϶ԼһܹϴѧͰʰˣ׼һѧգǣʲôʲôɽͳͳûйϵ
û뵽Ŀ׶ѧ
׶ѧĴѧô㣬еģûϵҲ׶Ĵѧʱ˵ܺټĵصȴ¼ȡ֪ͨĵ
ƶԼǳᾰģصŴӳԼ֣е¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼ȥˣȴûġ
š
Ⱥܶ˷ߵģ
ᶨΪ˵Ĵȴû뵽Լд׶ѧԭʲôسǶˣյĲˣ˫ȭգ޲Ҫѵˡ
ûϵӳ״ο˵һεʧܲԶʧܣĸ߿ʧˣǻ߰ġ
ԣԱ֪Ǹ͡
캺ƽȴᣬһҪسǣܹµҲܹˣ﷭Ųʡͷŭӳ˰οؿһۣ·ʲô뷨һתߡ
ӳ΢΢һ
Ա֪Ҳ֪캺ƽֵһϹʱ䣬кҲһȥĶѽ
캺ƽ֪ߣᾰҲƣʱĿ·߹һŮеĴǹǹŮǡľЩ죬
Ȼڸ߿ʱһԵʱʱǶѧѧϰŮͬ־Ƕʲôһҡ
Ҳ֪ҵûС
ʲô
ͬ־Ůͬ־Ȼָ캺ƽ˵
̺ιǰͬ־ȵһ¡
캺ƽˣͷƳһۣǰߡ
أվסһ¡˵
캺ƽԣʮֲ˵ͣ²ӣĿҪջʱ򣬺ȻƳŮͬ־ͫΪ֮һ𣬽ŰȾܡ
վסվס̾ȥ׷
ɲǼ·ϾҵĽŲᾰһۣ֪ô¶ӳ˸һͷˮǹ׷ɽ֪ɽӵ¶ӳϽܹȥ
Ա֪״׷׷ȥ
վסվסɴš
캺ƽ·ûһۣس֪ܡ
лҪ˵ϻһ

 72 

ʮ£
Ҫܣں溰վס
캺ƽǰܡ
ܾͲˣ˵, ſʼƵģٶ˲ӿ죬һһҰ캺ƽ캺ƽô, Ҳܲѵص
Աһ, ͵ǰһ, ֱӰ캺ƽ˵ڵأ˫ֱ, Ѹٰ캺ƽ, 캺ƽʱź𣺡ʲôҪʲô
ʲô߸ӵĹ˵ҵҪʲôʲôܣ
Ҫéޣ캺ƽŶװһװûֻ֣ýţſ, ſң
һ, Щɻ, һתͷŮͬ־֪, 𣿡
Ůͬ־֪СŹ
ᾰӳҲ˹
ģָ֪캺ƽ˵
λͬ־, ô¶Ϊɽӵһ֣ӳӦ˵ӵĴӳ, ֪ץһ֪, ʲôԭ򰡣
ץΪ͵ҵ飡֪ߵ˵
͵飿
ӳһ͵ɲС, 㲻Ҫεģ
ᾰҲһ㶡
˶֪캺ƽһһ˵, ƽʱɽӵԱǰǶòмӵĳӡ
Ȼ͵һ¶
ӳһ˵λŮͬ־̫ܰɣ׶֪ࡣ
׶֪ͶǺ𣿡֪࿴ȥ, ȴǺǵģ˵ȥʮһ¶ʮţҺʯ͵Ա֪س»Ŷ飬򲻵飬ʹú͵ơӡСӺ鱾ҹҲŶӣҿ飬ŵСϣһӰȥҵͲˡ
ô֪֪͵ģӳһάԼ˵ġ
죬ҿҵġ߿ѧ顷ڿҵѰңҵģۿҵ顣
˵Щʱ֪ˣ鱻͵Ǹϣ»ſڿ˰ҹһҪ͵˸
ڶȥ˹ûͷԼңҵ캺ƽûдݾߣȷ黹캺ƽʱϽ˹
ֻ죬꣬ˣż춼κģȻĻҲᵽҹ
׹֪ڿʲô
ᾰĬ
ӳĬĬؿ캺ƽ
˵˵캺ƽǳ⣺Ҷʶ㣡
ʶ㣡֪˵͵ҵ飡
֤أ֤أ캺ƽͬ˵
֤ݾ㷿֪˵꣬תͷ򹫰˵ͬ־֤ݿ϶
ߣȥ￴˵
ƾʲôƾʲôȥҷ캺ƽ
캺ƽϥһ£캺ƽͬʱҲоȣǸɲģȻһٸȴֻŹߡ
סʡ
캺ƽߵԼķǰ
š
캺ƽ򿪷š
캺ƽ߽
ᾰӳվſڡ
Ķʣó
Ҳ֪˵ʲô顣캺ƽ˵
ʵ㣬Ȼͷԡв˵
캺ƽֳһָ
ִͳ飬һɵġһġһʷûνġ߿ѧ顷߸ӵĹʣһأ
ֻôЩ顣캺ƽ˵
ôμӿԵģ֪ʱʣǰ͵͵ʱۿ캺ƽ飬ֻǲ֪Ķȥˡ
캺ƽûд֪ࡣ
ᾰȴ֪ˣ֪캺ƽһ߿ѧ顷һЩԱ֪Ȼȥʮһ¶ʮŵʱѾ򲻵߿ѧ顷캺ƽȴһ
캺ƽ˵ԼҹģҪ캺ƽһ캺ƽʱ䲻ܾˣڻȷʵЩԾĵط
һʼ˼֪Ļˡ
֪캺ƽʣô˵
캺ƽңк⣬ڡ
ҪڸسǵϣͲ˸߿ƭģȵʶ߿ﵽسǵԸȴûԿˡ
ôԣ
飬ֺܶ˶û飬ر顣
Ļһɵسǡ
óǣҪسǣҪӡ
ǿ޷ˣ޷˵ںҹаߡһŮ֪࣬õ֮˷ܣ
飬ԣ˷İˡ
Ǳ߿ѧ顷Ҳûʲôˣض
ûŮ֪ң˹һ׼ûС
¼߰㣬ǰֻӲͷƤϣ˵ҽ˵鿴ġ
˭飿֪ʡ
ʲô¶캺ƽԸش
ʣ˭飿
캺ƽò˵ֵ顣
˭֣ʡ
һ캺ƽ
캺ƽҲ֣ƺڴһϢҪְ֤ϢԼոһ°ҲǸɵˣΪֻ˵ʵû
캺ƽŭؿ֡
ֵͷ˵
ƺҵͻƿڣʣǰɣ㣬캺ƽǰûп߿ѧ顷
˵Ҳ̫
У㲻ǰɣǾͰʣаӵģһɴȥ߸ӹ˵
һˣĹкܸߵȨԣȥҲһ䶪˵飬һӶǰ̧ͷ
캺ƽҲʱʼĻ
ᾰһۡ
Ŀ캺ƽķӣӵİ֪һһŴһӣһѵӣ򵥵ĿһĵĿ⻹ǵϣǽϣϣ϶װ׵ģոչѾ캺ƽĴҲûҵ顣
Ķأ
Ŀһ˴ϵͷϣͷƬģ˯ȥ·˯Ҳ
ͷиȱ㣬Ǿ˯֮ɣͷм᰼ݣܶ˻󿷡޻ȵȣ֪캺ƽʲôͷôƽ
ת֪ࡣ
֪Щģ캺ƽԶˣˣô¶ͲðˣڼûгŲ캺ƽ
ʱĵĿ⣬תģǾĵĳ࣬ŷе㲻Ծ
Ĳɫؿ캺ƽͷ
֪ſ캺ƽͷ򣬴򴲱ߣͷһۿͲ״һ飬ͳһȻдš߿ѧ顷
˶캺ƽ
캺ƽͷ˲ˡ
֪Ͻ飬Թ˵ͬ־ҵ飡ҵ飡涼дıʼǣ
߸ֽӹۣС壬Ǹдģת캺ƽʣ㻹ʲôҪ˵


 73 


ʮ£
캺ƽֱֱŹеġ߿ѧ顷, ôҲ벻ķֵģڲѣڵĲ͵飬ûаˣ
߾, ô죿
ĺȥ, ־һ, ͵ˣ͵, ˡ
ǻʲôĽ


У
Σ
ú, Ļ׶ˣôأ
У
̱˵, Ҽġ
ģ߸Цһʡ
, ·ϼģ캺ƽ˵
ôһ, ڲ˵Ǽģ
˭ţ
ֲɵ, 캺ƽ˵, һ˰ɣǺú˵һôģ
ھͿ˵ھͿ˵캺ƽΪԼ, ˵ȥس»·ϼ񵽵, ʱرڡ
˵߸ӹ캺ƽĻ尫ӹʹ˸ɫ, һѺ캺ƽߡ
캺ƽ
Ѻĸ
һ˲ԶгǰӵĹ֪һһ, ߸ӵĹһס캺ƽ
⡭ӳĶӳǵһ֪͵ץ¶, һʱ֮䲻֪δˡ
ӳæˡ߸ӹ˵
ǣǡ
Ƿӣˡ߸ӹ˵꣬ק캺ƽߡ
гںš
֪гͷؿһۣŸм
ס
ô캺ƽˣɽӵĴ·һƬ˺һԱγһ㿪ʣ֪͵ˣ
һ˶
һѯʴӳô¶ӳ˵֪ô¶ҲǺһ֪¶
ô죿
ô죿˴ˣ϶ǹˣӳüͷţҲ̫ϲ캺ƽ캺ƽôɽӵ֪࣬ĵײϣ캺ƽС͵ǹˣҲûıʲô͵ǲԵģĬƬ˵ˣɻˣɻˣ
ӳһԱ֪Ƿ׷׶ȥɻˣ캺ƽ͵һ¶Ҳ˳µɽӿˡ
֪͵飿ܰɣ
ڸɻûпץˣ
Ӵǵΰɣ
ҪҪǹа
֪ƽʱȥúأôأ
֪֪治֪ţ
Ժզѽ
أ͵ǲԣ

һɽ۵Ķ캺ƽ͵¶˵۶ȽģΪ캺ƽǻõģ캺ƽճΪ˵ˣĿתƵ߿ˣžɽа˸˿ϴѧ
ĺᾰѧ׶ѧԱ֪ྪ̾Ľ֮ʱ̫̫ĵ¼ȡ֪ͨ
̣ôˣһʡ
̫̫˵̫ˣ̫ˣүүְҪ֪㿼׶ѧһǳĵģԣǿĿģǾȥǵķǰ˵һ˵òã
ĵͷ˵á
̫̫¼ȡ֪ͨ鿴ʵʶ֣ǸˣһЦһޣ˯ǰ֣صض˵úõزغ֪ͨ飬ɱˣҲܱҧˡ
֪֪ˡЦ˵
ڶϣ̫̫緹緹֮󣬴үŸĸķǰۿͨ˵
ҪϹʱ򣬲ŴصӼϵ㣬ԱǷ׷׳̫̫ӿ˵
̣Ůϱֽˣ
ɩӣŮб£
̣Ů׶ѧˣھϯףף𣿡

̫̫˵Щ¡
ӳѱֽݸеʱ̫̫žƿֽĺᾰƬĵʣϱֽˣ
šЦŵͷ
ֽдʲô
дҺ֪ڼĻ£һ׶ѧ㡣Ц˵
ʲô
һŮѽ
̫̫ЦתͷͺԱ˵ϯ죬϶죬֪һˣ׼׼Ͱϯ¹ǶҼҳϲơ
֣һ𻶺
Կᾰ
ᾰһֱĿأĿഥ˲䣬оᣬ̸ܵԱߵ˲ʲôϽͷĿڱֽϡ
ֽϵݲɽӣ˹硢֪㡢سǡȵȣٴ½ɽӿ˿ɽӷ˽Ʒȵȣᾰһ˷ٿǮ
һʱԱĽѡ
ԭϴѧ׬ǮһԱϽؼҶԼĺӺúѧϰİٿǮ̫̫̫̫ʼҪƴ֮£
ٿǮ̫̫˽ٿǮʮǮӵ׷ֺ죬ʣµһʮ鶼ճʱģһֱ᲻û
Ŀ׶ѧˣܸˣҪԱ֪ǳԷһô󷽣ӳֱһ죬컹ûţһȥسǵĹ磬˼㡢⡢ӡǵȵȣһԻʮǮһҲۣ˾˵Ů׶ѧˡ
صɽʱԱȥϹ˾ͷӻǹҵʱĸո𴲣ϽϹӪİ˵㣬ûҺȥӪĳԵġ
Ƕسǻˣľʡ
԰ţһָ˵ҺĲˡ
ô࣡
಻ࡣ̫̫Ц˵Ա࣬ùܱǸϽˣȥϹɣҽ첻ȥϹˣڼ
Ұɡ
òãæġ
ıȽϺóԡ˵
̫̫һ˵ȰѶ׼ˣʱٻ
С
ȥϹˣȥѧ
̫̫һڼ΢Цؿʼϴϴ⣬ȷʵĺóԣھϯҪʲôӵĲˣģǳ˿ڣ̯ϴ㣬źͷʱǼ򵥵س緹
ĲȥϹˣڼͷ̫̫ѾˣϡҲУʼˮðİ棬ըը
̫̫ͻȻ뵽ӵʲôĶԱǻûϹϽȥнʹһʹ
ĸȥ衣
˾æͣһ˺ܼҳϯС⡢ӳܲ⡢嶹ˡ޷˿裬кͷϡһЩɢơ
һЩżǮϲƵԱǣһϯ棬׷׾ˣûǮһóԹˡ
һĵ˻֮󣬹ô࣬׷ֺõöֵ࣬ͷٿǮ׶ѧⶼǶĴ¶ҪǵĹŮŮģҲԸ⻨Ǯϲƣһϯر⣬̫̫̫ˣ佱̫̫ĻҲſھ
̫̫˸ˣʱĿڶڳ˵ܿ׶ѧȫİæΡ
ԼŬĽӳ˵
ǲǡĶž˵ǶҵչˣԸҵƣҲʱѧϰ
ҲʵԱ˵
Ц˵֮ллڳ㣬ҾҪȥ׶ѧʹˣܵͻСǻλæտһ㣬Ժѧɣᱨλ˵Ļ
̫̫۾ͺˡ
ҲС졣
ӳ˵ģúѧܹϺˣɽӵĹ٣
ǾǣԱǷϡ
Ц˵ллλȸΪ
ɱ
һɱ̫̫ϽкŴҳԲˣʮɣҶ˵Źڸ߿飬ʶؿᾰ
ᾰƱһѡ
ĸҲˡ
˾㷹֮󣬺̫̫ףᾰǰƽ
ᾰһ˳ԺţȶĴӳ˾ͼŴӳߣ·ϣǳġ
ᾰ˵ʵһʼɽʱҶųġ
һ֪أʲôоЦʡ
ھôҺӺܺãҪǡ
ʲô
ᾰؿ˵ҵ㡣
ᾰЦ
ᾰĵ֣ģҴûһһƲ۵Ĺʱʱ̶̿Ҫš
顣ô˵ţȴǸˡ
Ļᾰĵ֡
΢΢ͷһ񾲵Цݣ˵֪ˣԱû뿪ӻҳһƬȻȥʰһ˵
áᾰעģоЦ˵߰ɡ
֣תһ𳯼Уһ̧ͷǰ浭Ĺվ̫̫΢ӳ̫̫ŸӳֱֱؿᾰĿһᾰյϡ
лҪ˵˫ڿ֣ɶɶ

 74 

ʮ£̹
ᾰ֡
̫̫͸ӳ˻ǿ, ӳκģͷЩᣬʣ㡢㡢ǡ
ô̫̫ȿڡ
ĵش𣺡һʹӳ
ͻȥ𣿡
ͻȥˡ
֣ɽӵԱ֪, ̫̫, Ҳõ˵ʲô, ģƳһᾰ, ˵Ȼȥɡ
šĵͷ
̫̫Ÿӳ߹ȥ
ᾰںڰлһۡ
ᾰ˵Һ˵
ڲ˵ʱ, ˵˵
㡪
ûϵģ̲ǲˡ˵
ҺûʲôôˡᾰЩʧ䡣
˭˵ģԺˡ˵
ᾰû˵ʲôһصԺûһ̫̫Ҳ, ̫̫ʮֺԱ֪, ȵԱ֪Ƕ֮, ̫̫ſĺᾰ, ˵Ѷʰһ°ɡ
ȥʰꡣ
ᾰӵӹ黹Աǡ
һæµ֮, ҹɫŨˣֱ̫̫Ӻᾰ˵֪, , ʱ䲻ˣȥϢ, 컹ҪϹء
ᾰһ̶ۣĿת̫̫, ˵ͷ˵ˡ
·עⰲȫ̫̫˵
ᾰͷ
ᾰ뿪̫̫ǰԺŹ, תġ
Ҳ̫̫
̫̫˵ҽɡ
ĸ̫̫߽Ƶĵƹ̫̫Ƶϣؿ̫̫üͷ
̡Ļһ
̫̫ʣ֪ڴ󣿡
ĵͷ
ô֮ǰ˵ûʲô˼𣿡캺ƽ֪ǰ̫̫֪Ǿܾģᾰӻ㱨Լ֮ѯʹĶᾰ⣬ֻ֪ѹϵ̫̫Զᾰ벻ǻᴦ
˼ˡ̹˵
̫̫£һ˵֪֪𣿡
֪
֪࣬һسǵġ
ԺҲǳˡ
ǣڿϴѧˣ׶ѧ泯ԺܾǳƷģҲǲһģ̫̫̲סĵʣǲһģ֪ҾãһӶĻݵˣǵʳġ
̫̫ô˵ͷһ˵˵ȥ̫̫Ƿ֪ദ󣬶ǾżԺԿ࣬Ц˵֪ڻֻǴѣʵĻͲ¡
̫̫˼뻹Ǻܴͳġ
ôأЦ˵еöˣ¶ġ
̫̫šü
ļ˵̣İɣԺԽԽ㣬Ǽ˲ġ
̫̫ûа취ͻ˵ҪǾͱˣҸͥ൱ġ
̡ǰ̫̫ĸ첲˵Ѿǰˣ˵ǲǣ
ȷʵǰôɵô嶯ˡ
֪ƷҲŵģ𣿡
̫̫šüͷ
ļ˵̣ģ㱣֤ҾԾԲ飬ʲôʱҶԼΪȣòã
̫̫̾Ϣһ
ĸɴ§̫̫˵̣ҪҰ
̫̫ģˣԴŮӵϣ㣬Եʱ캺ƽˣڶᾰҲǣﲻɵѹҪǶӶϱûͲһˡ
̡İ°͵ֵ̫̫ļϣҡ
̫̫ԥƬ̣֪ԼϴӲӲǿ˵ã㣬¶̣ҪǱ߿ǣǲҪӲȥ֪𣿡
á̵ͷ
ˣȥ˯ɡ
̣˯ȥһ֡
ٷְɡ
ܿģ˯ɡ
̫̫ͷ̾Ϣһ
һתֽ˳Ϸһ룬رϣѸҸֺˣ׼컹ԱǣշֺãתͿһ
ھʣ㣬֪ദˣ
ԡ
ͬ𣿡
ûȫͬ⡣ķʣͬ𣿡
ͬⰡ˵
ͬ⣿ľȡ
ͷ˵԰ͬ⣬֪೤úÿ˺ãǮҪб£Ǹ캺ƽöˣ
һЦˣĪؾİ
˵ҪǸ۸㣬ԺҾʹ
áĿĵԴ˵Ǹ۸ңҾ͸
š
ȥϴϴ˯
á
̫̫׼ˮϴ֮ڴϣŷ˵ʵҲû뵽Լᾰչô죬̫̫Ȱֵʱ˲ĸ飬˻ϲǰ̫̫ϲģҲ̾Ϣһʱˡˡ졣
򿪴ӣؿᾰôˣ
㡣ᾰ˵
ôˡ
˯š
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˵̫ˣ䲻㡣ʵʵ˵
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ᾰһһĨЦݡ
Цʲôʡ
ҿģûҡ
ΪʲôҪ㣿
Ҳ㣬ҪҴһȷҵ⣬һ˵ҡᾰעģ˵Լﻰ㲻Ҫô׵طҡ
ͷһֱֱؿᾰڵйתⲻ֪ĳż紵ϢԼᾰϵĵ㣬ͷ˵á
ᾰЦˣЦȻЦĿʡ
ĸЦ
ᾰЦʣϳԱûУҿһֱæдˡ
á
ᾰֵݸһ
Ĵһɿʣģ
̼Ĺġ
̣
ţռĵģûмĵӣ֪ҴģһЩٸ㡣ᾰ˵
ʲô
һûע⿴̵ҿˣϱֽˣܿģ˵ǿѧ죬Ҫվǡ
ҪˣԼȥˡ˺ɿװ
Ѿˡ
˵ʲô
˵á
Ҳûа취ˣӰװȡһɿݸᾰһԡ
ᾰֽӹ
˸һȴ߳ɿ죬ĵˣᾰ֪㣬Ĺϴӣܿ˯ڶϣһ󷹲ζ·ͷһͿᾰ
ᾰڹǰջ̫̫ڳˡ
ľȼˡ
ᾰЦ
̫̫˵ŸʲôϽȥϴϴˢˢ׼Է
ŶӦһˢϴǸоԾ̺ᾰ̫֮гˣ֮󣬿ڱߵǰʣ֪ʲôʱģ
һţԺˡ
Ÿʲô
Ͷŵһ˵̿ôġȻһ̫̫೤ż˵֪໹ǽˣһ˵ͷЬ棬̷ɶģǵģ˵̸̵֪ģ̾ȼˣ֪˵̵ģֺ֪˵˺ܶĻ̾Ͳˡ
ĻȻԭǸܵҶӣԲŶᾰ˺ɫһЩ̫̫߳Էһʰӣû˵ᾰˡ
ᾰһֱ̫̫ġ
̫̫ᾰҲûȫͬĺᾰһ𣬵ȻҲûзԣ֪֢ڣҲûǿϸ̫̫Ҫ󣬼ӵ֪ᾰ¶
һҲͻָ
ᾰżżһˣÿ춼ҹ˾ʱĵĴǰǵӹĺƽ˳ҲŨˣѧѧҲԽԽˡ
ᾰ⼸ϴѧģʮֿģȴûʲô˼˵ɻи߿ĻԼһҲָ˶־ʱسǹִһϢ캺ƽԼ͵ʯ֪飬ꡣ
һɽը˹
˭Ҳ벻ô캺ƽ֪͵飬һҪ̫꣬ˣΪ˴ӳٿ˴ᣬشȷ˼룬ᾰҲ̨ݽһǽҪֱϽˣǧ캺ƽ
֮캺ƽͳ˷̲ģɽӣطͬˣ겻ѡ
ȴ캺ƽˣʱʮ谮һʱ;캺ƽһֱ߽ݾȻ¶ĳ¶ˣҲֲñˣܿ캺ƽ׵Ժȫ׼ȥϴѧ¶
ȾǰѻһְӣҰѹӺˣǰ̫̫ʰ
̫̫һӶɽӴţȥԶĵطسǣҲ֪׶ʲôӣʲôʰ
Ц˵̣ôưˣ׶ѧʳõġ
ܵôӰɣ֪˵׶ġ
Ӷ鷳ҵʱͳˡ
ǵûǮⴲµģȥ޻ġ
̫̫ĴӣҪĴʳ˵ǿϴѧźȥģ˵ũѧʳȥʳûԵģ֮Ϊϴѧ̫̫ûٴ¶
ĿЦãᾰúõظ̫̫˵һ£׶ʲôУǮĺǮҪģ̫ණϻ𳵶ϣ̫̫գʰ
ת֮͵˳ӡ
ӳҪѰ˸׼ѧ͵ݻվһӵ˶ǣᾰͷ̫̫
̫̫۾ˡ
̫̫ͣĽϵעʵÿ춼˵ģҪţҪţҪ¶ҲҪ¶ȵȣǴʱǲ䷳˵öûиܵĵĹػ̫̫׵ͷССģﳱʪһƬ
㣬żپͻร
áĵͷ˵̣Ҫע壬úö飬һᾭдŻҪһţ֪𣿡
֪ˣصصͷ
ˣˣӳһ
ͻͻͻûһһֻ̫̫վǶʼʻ̫̫Ʋס׷׷һʱ䡣
ϵĿ̫̫ĨᣬҲо۾ģֱǵӰˣʱһֻס֣תͷᾰ
ᾰ˵ҪѹżپͿԻԺվסˣ԰ǽӵ׶
ĵͷ
ͻͻУ˸УҲжδ㽣ôͻͻһСʱڵ˱лվһȽŶľˣԾǣٵذ
ӳϨǸǺúö飬ɱɽӶ
һһ˵á
ӳ
ӳ˵ģİɣһչ̺͵ܵܵģҪġ
ллӳظлӳʼٺˣӳõġ
ţȥɣúö顣
š
ᾰʹӳ𣬿Ŵӳһ˿ȥһᣬȵ˻ϣ˳΢һ㡣
ϴģȥ׶ѧˣ붼û鰡˳˷ܵĲˡ
𣿡Ŀʡ
֮ǰǺϴһ׬˲Ǯһ֣ҲˣͷһƸʦڿУﳩˣǮˣҲˣȥ׶ѧȵٺһ㣬͹ҡ˳Ц˵
ǻ
š˳˵̲꣬סͳ￴ֿǵһȥ׶Ҳǵһ𳵣۶˷ܣһ·ੲݣҲᾰĲ٣һ˵˵ЦЦ·ϵķ羰
̫ɽʱ򣬻ʻ׶վڡ
˶׷³
ᾰһԼһǰĵ񣬻ͷĽ˳˵ģң˳㿴ģ𼷶ˡ
˳һԻ˵ϴҲǵһε׶˰Ŀһˡ
ϻġᾰǲģɴָ˳һЩץĵĸ첲
Ц˵ʵԼԵġ
̫ˣ׼šᾰ˵
Ҳ͸ᾰ߳˻վҪҳʱ˺ߣߣ
ᾰ˳һɵ۾
лҪ˵һ

 75 

ʮ£
һ˳߻, ĵһﴩŴ黨ȹӣ˸βԲԲ, ۾, ܺÿĲʶ, ȥңҿᾰȫҸ, ֪ʣµ˷ֱ̫̫үӡḸĸ
⡢ⶼϴļˣ˳Ծʡ
ĵͷԡ
˶ˣ˳ûмôء
ǵġ˵, תᾰСʣ˶ˣ
ˡᾰͷ
ôˣû뵽˸ôų
ᾰε˵ֻ֪˵ˣǲҪ, ԼԻȥ
ִһ䡣
̫̫˸Ͻ߹
߰ɡᾰĽ˳˵һ, ̫̫ȥ, ʮòغүү̡֡衢, Ƕˣ
㰡˵
ôġ
û˰Ц˵ǿɼˡ
ᾰЦЦ
ǰһ, ˵㿴ʲô仯
˵㡣
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ᾰûٽӻ, תĽ˳˵ģ˳, үүְ̰裬ھֶ̫̫˵, ˳ɽõѡ
үү尢ǺáĽ˳һ˵
úúáһĽ˳ᾰõѣ˾¶Ц, үϳ˵Ǹ;һϱֽģ߿״Ԫ
΢Ц˵ǡ
ӴССͲ˰
лүү佱
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ԶԶԣȥԷүæ͡
Ŀһᾰ˵үү̣壬̣ǾȻѧУˣԺ󡪡
ʲôѧУ̫̫˵ôˣǼȥúõϢһϣȥѧУҲԶ
ǰǰǻӵȤ¶ءӻ
ڼסһɡүӸ˵
ḸĸȻҲĽ˳͡
ᾰĽ˳˵ѾˣȵѧУʱѾˣܶһܹˣȥҼңһȥѧУ
˳Կġ
ô˵ʢ룬ƴȥĻЩˣֻõͷ˵á
Ḹ̴˳վߣߵ·ߣСḸүӡĸͽ˳ġᾰ̫̫һСϣ·̫̫ѯᾰڻϵûһ͵ҡ
һңҵĺɫ糣ǽ˳һˣ»𳵿ʼͿͱȫһ硣
¥ܸߡ
·ܿ
˺ܶࡣ
·˴·ȱޣССһ̾ѣоԼһǽһ˶нĬĬظᾰĺ棬ʱʱ۳ġ
ɣ˺ܺáİο˳
˳һ㡣
̫̫Ϊ飺ģ˳ȥ
Ľ˳ɳϡ
˳ǿпԼҪһڣĵĶĺˮ̫̫˱ʾл
̫̫Ц˵ؾн͵Լһ
΢Цͷ
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á
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˸ΧһŴϣϼ⵰Уأý˳ۣ̫̫Ц˵Ҫԣԣúдѡ
šᾰͷĽ˳вˡ
š
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˸˳ֱʱүӿʼͷ˵
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Ц˵ǡ
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˿ᾰһ
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ԣĵؿᾰ
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ͦϲ˳ھ˵˵귢е㲻Ծ̧ᾰͿᾰһЦ˵ǽסˡ
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ءĳ˳ķߣ˵˯ͷ˯ķ䡣
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һۿģ;ĳͦÿģĴ̫ˣûзϣϾᾰǸڶҪˣȻϴôģҲûģ벻ᾰȻô׽ˣ⡢⡢ⲻܡ
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Ŀᾰ
ᾰڳһֻ֣ȥĵ֡
ĸϽ˦˿á
ᾰӣﻹϲá
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ᣬ˺þãŮᣬ¥ݣŮ¥ҡ
ֺϱӵһͬǴαȽϼª˼Ѿˣ΢Ц߽ҵԼĴλ֮󣬺ѴкĿתԱߵĹʱһ£
ЦŻһҲס
飬൱䵭˵ǰ


 76 

ʮ£ϴ
תͷȥʰ
Ļع, ʼƬ֮ѣ˸˶, , Ҳ, һһʺ򣬴Ҷĵһȥ, ʣǶ²ӵģ
ǰǻش
ֻһˣ˵
εؿġ
̧, ϸԼʶ̣տʼڻվʶʱһкᾰȻǿͿ, ڷ̸, ᾰ¥֮, Ҳûм
ټǴʱ
̬ôһٰʮȴת, , Ψһϵᾰᾰһֱһ, ôһʱڿͷദ, ᾰ֣ʱᾰע, ڵķŴһӰ, Ϊۻ

˲̬ȱ仯Ҳƽ̹̹࣬˵, ġһҲûоõһȡ
Ǹо󷽡
ʱһ߸˵ͦõģǳԵĺȵĲҪû£Щֻܶˡ
ԶԶԡѽӻ
߸˵ҲأˣҼǵñֽи߿״Ԫģɣ
ĵͷҡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣһ̾㶼ûڳϹѧȻôߵķ
˲ǶΧġ
һԵԡˡݴѹģû뵽ǵûдѹģˡ
ʲô¶
ģ𣿡һſڡ
Ӧ
ﻳﱧűͷ˵¥иᾰģЩ
أʡ
˵Ҫ죬ˡ
õģллĸϽǰȥӡ
û¶ģ֪ᾰǸ߿״ԪԺǶѧϰ˵￪ĵˡ
Ľӹӷŵϡ
ԱߵſϣӸԼ
ҲˣͬһרҵԼĴ̣ȥұ˵ϴѧҪѧѣңͲȵͬѧһĸо
ûһˣǳ˵һЩչδĻÿһѧ飬ҷ˵һµѺƱ
ʮǮͶʮƱļֱţԼѧѧ֪ʶ׬ǮͬѧҲôоģһѣΣһֱ硣
¿һ죬ͬѧǷ׷״ӽ󲿷˶ǲӻ֪࣬ԹͷԸºͣܺദкһȥʳãİͻ´ɸҲŵʳãԶԶؾͿʳſվŵᾰ
ᾰһʱ俴ģġ
ᾰѾ֪ˣ˳ƾ͸һڡ
ᾰ΢΢ʣʲô
ᾰƤ˵
ȥա

ᾰЦ˵ߣȥԷ
ĵͷ
׶ѧʳñɽӺ̫ˣ⵰ʲôУÿ涼ģɽʳӶңҲҳԣһµѳ֮ҪԼǮġ
ᾰԼķһ׷һݲˣһʳ緹ᾰʣоô
Ц绨ᾰ˵ܺãоϣ
šᾰǳЦһƬġ
ĺسº˵һʱæµ
ҲǣҪҰæ𣿡ᾰʡ
Լԡ
ÿһԷ
á
ᾰ˵
ϺҲһ硣
ᾰȻﲻԸ⣬ϸʱ⣬ҲǿӦ˵á
ĵͷƳź֮ʣ׿һۣȻһʵԼְԹؿᾰȻȻϲᾰġ
ջĿ⣬úóԷ
ʱ䣬ᾰͦæģոУҪдƷҪÿһ˳ѧУȥ׶Ĺ翴һ
ڱǱߵıأ׶Ŀźֱܶ࣬͵İٻгʳסʲôãҪ·ɫҲȥ޷࣬Ŀ˿Χ˵ĴţٿԼš
ʵǸˣǴԽɽӣ˱أһСľͿܳΪұ۵Ķ˵Ҫ⵽һֱѹԼİ֮ġ
ϻԺ·ˣҲԱصġ
ڲͬˡ
׶ѧкܶСӹһĶܳҲôѾˣָĲ⣬гƷ·Щǽڵġ
۸ӦòˣǮ
˺һȹӣɫӣɫ¡һ˫ʱɫƤЬ󷽷ظǮ˹Ŀһ꣬Լıӣʵˣ̫̫һֱ̫ͬ⣬Լˣ̧ꡣ
ʱǼĳˬ
šսƷڸתһȦŻصᡣ
첻ϿΣȥȥͼѧϰˡ
Ŀ˿ʱ䣬Ȱ·ϴһϴʰһ£Լѧϰ˯һ죬ʱ·Ҳˣϸȹӣɫ򵥵˸βƤ⻬ѩףôһԵøĳʮ ˳ϵ˯ϴˣ֮ǰ顣
Ҳ֪˶ã⴫˵
·
Ȼˣҿ϶ᴩô·㿴ϵ·ҾͲᴩ
Ļðɡ
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˳˵˽ᣬһ۾ͿǰдֵһŮͬѧǿ˲棬;÷ÿǴӴŻʷ棬һֱ£ǾԼߴʱŮͬѧתЦ˵ǻˡ
ģ
˾ˡ
ģ߸Сʡ
Цʣôϵˣ
Ĳϵˣôôÿˣ
ÿ𣿡Цʡ
ÿͷҲˡ
šĴ󷽷˵ˣµʱ򣬼˱ȽϱأһоͰռķף׶ȻҪһˡ
˵ǣÿ߸Ŀ佱
ԼȥҲһЩˮʳóָѣҲӷָûнӣȻ͵߸ѣ߸ѽ˹
Ǳ˵Ļ˵СʲôģʱĲƷλҴ󷽵壬Ϣ޵ݣҲЩΣ˿⣬ǲ˼Ƕ塣
ʱ˺ģ¥˺㡣
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ڨڨģҲ
ˣĴ˿Ѿ¥£һۿµᾰᾰûпƵģЦǰߣҪһᾰʱᾰĿⶨϣʹˡ
ᾰһֱ֪ĺ
ϸƤѩףپ£´һɫĻ·߱صİ׳ڿӣԵסãֻû뵽·ô·Ƕѩһһ㣬â䣬Ʋۡ
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˵дԾһļᾰԸоԼôͻȻôңҪʱָоһȣҲ֪ûУȵصͷӦһš
ǾͶˡʣæˣ
ˡᾰԾɵͷϽԼ
ûзᾰʣ𣿡
ûС
һȥ
á
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ᾰסĵĸ첲
Ĳػͷᾰᾰɫͨ죬ʣôô죿
ҡᾰſᡣ
Ĳؿᾰ
ᾰû˵ִĵƣƵϣذյԼУĿȵģһʶԼǸ·˲Щߡ
һᾰ˵ܺÿ
ģǿƲס̧ᾰԷԷˣ
ԡ
߰
ȥԡ
ߡǰߡ
ᾰסĵ֣һѧУߣѧУвǷͬʱϴѧϽĹũѧƼУ԰·żмֵģҲûʲô֡
ᾰҲˡ
ӪԷ극ʱѺˣᾰʣסô
ͦõģȥ˵
Ϊʲôᾰʡ
Ϊ׬Ǯ˵
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㶼֪Ҫʲô֧ҡ
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Ц˵ãѧڽٰȥѧڽ֮󣬾.￪žͺܽˣʱҪʲôˣʱһ¡
Һ𣿡
ʱҡ
ĩʱȥҼҳԷ𣿡ᾰסĵ֡
ȥԷ
ˣԴӿѧҲûлȥ˳Ҳʱ䡣ᾰĵ֣һĴӦӡ
Цŵͷá
ᾰĽѧУһУ԰ϣһ˵ϵ£ȻԶϸ죬תȥһӰ߹
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ȴעˣᾰֿ֮ᣬһͿڴϣӦȥϴ·ˡ
ں;󣿡ʡ
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㡪
˫´ɸףͷ˵ô˵䲻ᾰ𣿸㣬ᾰ׷ңҪһһ͵彡ƯҾκˣ
Ծؿģģһй˵Ӳѹһͷ
ȴŹ˵ϲᾰǲǣ
һ㶡
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ŵġ
Ľһ䣺Ҳ䣬Ϊᾰ̫ϲˣȥ
˴ˣﳤĺӣЩ˶ܵ˾޴ĳһ仰ˣؿæԼ飬ת˴ñӸԼԽĵĻԽԽԽޣԽԽԽԽԼģᾰĵĺãᾰûжôùαԼôСۣôѿ
ứڱ޸ͣͷʪˡ
ڶֻ۾׵һҪȥˮϴһϴ̫ˣˮͷǰˣܵػԼˮһˮ
߸˵ǰˮ˵ϴϴ
˭ˮˣԵ˵һ䣬վˮǰᡣ
ĩʵʵϴ¿ᣬﳩ࣬תͷĵĴ̣ĵĴ룬£һ㵭ĹΣһҲеۣߣ
磡ʳߵģͻȻ硣
ðˣᾰʡ
ûУоҡ˵


 77 

ʮ£֪
Ϲ˵, Ҫðˣһȵһ㡣ᾰ˵
ĵͷ
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Ȼ, úÿ, ʲôÿ
ĵͷһԼĴ, һϼڵ黨ȹһ, ȥͦʽ, ߵᾰǰʣȺܾˣ
ûУҲոյᾰĵϣ
šĵͷȥҶûʲô, ο϶Ҫ㶫, ı⣬֪ҿɲ˼
ᾰûоܾ, ӹеҵ, ˵ɡ
ѧУɡ
û¶ģУ԰ܶгŶġ
Ļܣ, Ϻ
ˡᾰһ䣬гʻ
˫ץסᾰ°ڣķ绺شģŴٻãϴǳǳЦżᾰ˵仰о޾ãȴ֪׶ѧѧУѵõ÷羰һһĿ⡣
һѧ̾ǳúÿ
ĲСһ䣬˵˿㳤ÿ
ᾰЦ˵˵
˵һЦżͬѧʹһкܿأǵ˴Ժſڣᾰͣ˳ӣ˵ǵһ½˳
Ĵг
ûһ˳гЦݵعˣţϴ󣡡
Դϴѧʼ˳ᾰҲͼ棬ǵΣĿضϣβȹСƤЬģһҲûɽӵģԣȳﻹÿ۾ģ
ҰЦ˵
㣡㣡˳𾪵˵
ʣôˣ
ôˣ˳ΧתһȦ´š
Цʣôˣ
˰Ҳûϳ˳˵Ҿ˵ϴһ˭ء
ҲӢֱ˵
˳Ӻף̫ˣЦǮúÒԼҲȥ˷·ô¶ˡ
߰ɣȥҼҡᾰʱ˵
תԺߣһ۽˳г˵ģ
ţг㡣˳˵
Ǯ˰˵
ҵǮЩǻǮ
׬˲Ǯ
֪Ҳ˲٣ҪβָҲ٣Լͦ׬Ǯġ˳ǸТӣ뿿Լʵ׬Ǯ
𼱣ʱǾͿʼ׬Ǯ˵
ģ˳ȵʣǹ˿ӣرʱ䣬Լһͣתţһѧѧϰ⣬ʱ䶼ţ治ӦʲôԼһͷûУǵÿģ˿ôһ˵һ¾˷ˣʱʲôʱ򣿡
ѧڡ
ôã
ڻûаأ׬Ǯѧǳ˺úѧϰ⣬תһת˽˽׶ķ顣
˵ҲǣҲתת
Ȼһ
˻ͷĸķ̺ˣ˸Ͻкĸ߹Ц˵Ƕˡ
ţǸʲôأ˳ʡ
˵ǽҪԷĸ߲˵ǾȥЩ˻
ѽ ̫ˣôô˰಻˼
಻࣬ߣϽؼҰɡĸ롣
úúãš
⺢涮¡ĸŽ˳Ц
˳߲˺ĸš
Ŀ
ͷ˵
Ҫҵʱˮݸķ̣Ҫʱĸס˵ʲô
һؼҡش
˵˽ҼҳԷģʲôҰĸߡ

һ˽ңү̫̫Ḹֶڣһּˣ̫̫ĵɳϣñķȥ˵̣ȥæɡ
òãǿͣѽðȥˣ˵̫̫ľϲ
ͦóԵģ㲻볢һ𣿡Цʡ
İ̫̫ʡ
ţȥæ˸һҪ
̫̫һסĵ˵ҪҪģշԺ˸̳ԣͺúõͣþȥæ
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ĸվ˵ȥɡ
ᾰ˵裬ЪŰɣȥϴϴ˾ˡ
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ǿһЦ˵Ҷء˵꿴һۡ
ƽʱͦ˵ģǲﲻĸʡ
ûУͦõġ˵
֮ǰ˵һ𣿡ĸתʣǲǣ
ǡЦ˵
Ӧøл˵ǰĸ˵
Ц˵˵˺ܶ࣬Ե˵ˡ
ӻǰ
ĸЦЦת˵ΪǺ;ˣǰ;һܣĲ˵ˡ
ɰͰһЦ
ĵͷ
ᾰϴһˮ˳ĸĻɫ΢䣬߹ѵӷŵ輸ϣĸǰ˵үү̣ԵˮÿŲݮݸ˵Ҳһţʵġ
ЦŽӹ
ᾰС˵룬ûе¶
Ĳؿᾰ
ᾰѹֻ㡣
ҧһڲݮԹĲݮ
ᾰؿģ̲סЦˣһĻĸУܣҲûˣĸЩϲӣƻԡ
лл˵
ĸЦЦ˵һЩᾰСʱ飬ʱʱᳶӻҲûһ˽ӻһ͵˳Էʱ䣬̫̫˵ˣ˵ˣԷɡ
ĸŲ˵
ķ̵ղһ׶ɫĸζĸԵظĽ˳һӲ֮󣬲ͣᾰвˣ̫̫״͸ļвˣһٷĶûּйβˡ
̫̫Ľ˳Ժȥ
˵̣ʱ䲻ˣҲûؼˡ
ô硣ĸ˵žһ
ˣҲˡ
аɣȥɡ
ˡһᾰ̧뿪
ֻᾰḸĸ
ĸҪԺߣᾰڵ裬һ£¶˵
ĸ΢΢һɳϡ
ḸҲᾰ
ᾰһ¡
ĸʣҪ˵ʲô
ᾰĸ˵֣裬ںĴ󡣡
Ḹɫ糣ƺѾ˳
ĸȣȵĲᾰĴ󣬶ᾰֱ˵˳˵ʵǿĵģĳúÿӺãֶòļãȲֵغܿһ£Ա¹ͻǻûеȵ̹ˡ
˵ͦģҡ
֣衣ᾰĸĻ˵֪ģҵԼѧӣֻҪԸҾͻȥҲı䲻ˣϲģ׷Ҹүү̶дţ˼
㶼ûк˵ĸ˵
ΪҲżķʽǽҽҲ˵¶֪ˣǵνᾰֱ˵˵
ҿƺгһƬʵҲ֮ḸĸʱƢãܣʱᲨӣ˳־ʹӣһһƴᾰϣֱӵ½Ѫ͵жףҲβãЩ仯ͻۣСʱ򳣳ŶޣȻ㲻⣬Ҳˣᾰһֱ¶Ḹĸ˸ҡ
ᾰԽԽԸӽḸĸḸĸҲûоʲô׵Σô㣬һֱᾰǰ̣ˣӲڶǰ˵ػ
Ḹֱ˵ͦõġũǹҵĻһٵ飬οڿ׶ѧˣԺԽԽ
ᾰĸ
ĸС˵Ҳûʲô
ᾰֱʣڷεʲô
Ϊ;
ûе¶ᾰ˵裬ҺڴԺ󻹻Ľ飬ϣܹ۰һȥ۰ģԺҺҲТ˳㣬Ҫٸˡ
ĸͷ˵֪ˡ
ᾰ˵ʲôԺߣ̫̫˳վںԺſڣһ̫̫ȴЦ
̫̫ᾰ˸Ĵָһӡ
оᡣ
ᾰͷϲãǰĵʣǿ𣿡
Ц˵̹ùߣ׼ֲһЩ
Ұǡᾰ˵
ĵͷ
ȥ˹ߣһתͷֽ˳󣬽˳Ծؿ֣оԼ綼Ҫˣһֱᾰ˺ԺȻſʣڴ󣿡
ᾰؿ˳
˳ʣڴ󣿡
ᾰһʣ֪
лҪ˵ᡣ

 78 

ʮ£ؼ
Ҳ֪˳˵
ᾰһ, ̿
̫̫үҲЦ
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¡Ц˵
ϴѧ󣿡˳ʡ
ɽӾͿʼˡᾰ˵
ɽӡôûз֣
ֻǮ, Ȼˡ˵
㲻𣿡˳ġ
ҡͷ, ٩˵Ҳǰҵǧء
˳һ, ֪ǵ٩, Цͬʱᾰ¶˺棬յǶмѯʣϴ, ôʹ˶أ
ϲ¡ᾰ˵
ϲĵģ˳ʡ
ԡ
Ϊʲôϲģ˳ʳĵﻰʲôʱϲġ
ĸҲᾰ
ᾰһ, Щ˼, ش, յĽ˳ڴĿ, ˵Ҳ֪
˳ģ
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˵һ䣺Һһ
ᾰһ, ľЦˡ
һԵĽ˳û̸˼ҲûŮ֮ϣѹᾰ˵ĻֻĪؾЩô¶תͷү̫̫һͰЦתͷᾰ˵ϴҺÿ࣡
ᾰЦ
ͷǲңҳԷ
ᾰЦ˵û⡣
Ҫȥ׶ѧʳóģ
ԡ
һΪ
ᾰЦŵͷ
˳⣬վһĺϴôôһԣǰôûзأѽϸ뻹ͦõģ˳￪ģᾰֺ̫̫ûľѧУ
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Ц˵ˣ̣ѾԹ緹ء
ٳһ¡
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ʱҾ͹
Уϴϴ֡
ᾰ˳ںԺϴ֣ү̫̫˵߳ߣɳϿֽḸĿ˵壬ǻѧУˣæɡ
ھͻȥˡḸվ
š
ϲԷ𣿡ĸӳ
˵ϻпΣûȥʰһ£ͻȥˡ
ĸ΢˼һ£źȻתӳˮӣһ˽˳һ˵ЩˮʵģǱ͸ǵģҲԲ꣬ûȥ԰ɣҶԵˮһЩ
ĸˮӲһոճԷʱ䵭ӣĲӦؿ̫̫ᾰ
ŰɣһԡᾰЦ˵
ֻýӹлл̡
Ժ档ĸ˵
Ĳڵصͷ˵̣ˡ
˾ɡĸҪ˾
衣ᾰĸ˵鷳˾ˣгȥˣɡ
Ǻã㳣ססĸ˵ʱ䣬㷢籨Ҳǻסʱ䡣
ᾰ΢Цͷãҹͽ˵һ˵
ᾰþûĸЦˣĸЩпǰᾰĸ첲΢΢ͷԼĶӣոնӶԼ˵ôЩǸ⣬Ķӵļ˵á
ˡ
ĩͻ
֪ˡ
ᾰ˳˵ĿУ뿪ңһ·ϣ˳Ҫˮӻᾰ
ų԰ɡᾰ˵
ɲˡ˳˵оʱﻹֵǮ⵽ңǳõġ
ٷϻϽѧУúѧϰɡ
˳ٺһЦ˵ˮҾˣ
Űɡ
˳Сذˮҵгϣתͷ˵ģһȥͺú˽׶У˵ˣѧڿʼ׬Ǯม
С˵
˳Ļ˻֣г뿪
ᾰùеˮӣҵгϣûпгг˵߰ɡ
ﳵʡ
Һһߡ

Ҫ㣿
ҲۣǾߡ
˳·ţʱѾģ·Աдеľɢŵ㣬죬ϣĺʣĲ׿ᾰһߴᾰϣΪһĨ⣬Եᣬһֱϲˡ
Ҹʲôᾰת
뿴Ц˵
ÿ𣿡ᾰƤʣҺÿ𣿡
ĵͷÿ
ᾰЦ˵ҾҲǡ
Īؿģ뵽ᾰɫغḸĸ˵Щ̲סڣΪ̲ϲҡ
Ϊʲôô˵ᾰʡ
ΪңѾǶײ룬ҵģû뵽
û뵽Ұ㷴̬תˣᾰӹ硣
ĵͷ֮ʣᾰһתһССïʢľûгûȺżԵøľף˸ľӻ˵ţҺܳԾ
ᾰЦЦ˵˽Ұ裬ҲǶѿ飬Ժǽʱзִ硣
ĵͷţĺܺˡ
ǡᾰʮԼı֣뵽ʲô̾Ϣһ˵ҪҰҲǾÿǮҺҽ㣬ʡøĸͺ֮ҲҪء
ᾰ˵¶˵ͷ
ᾰ˵ȥȥˣûʲô磬ǰδõġ
ͻȻפЦᾰ
ᾰͣ²ӣģʣôˣ
΢΢ͷôᾰŶķЦ˵Ұο㣬ԼͰԼοˡ
ᾰ΢΢£ʶԼȷʵںԼ⣬Цˡ
ᾰ֣˵ǶԵģܺá
ᾰ΢΢ͷһ˽֣ۣ˵ǾŻȥòã
á
˾ƵزϦص׶ѧᾰ͵Ů¥ǰĶᾰ˵ȥɡ
ᾰˮӵݸġ
ֽӹͬʱᾰȻǰһ£΢΢һʶΧΧѧûзᾰһۡ
ᾰ˵ϴȻңλ㡣
ڴ֮ͥҾʹ㣡ƺ׵ӡ
ᾰЦ
֪𣿡΢΢
֪֪ˡᾰһᡣ
ˮӽ¥ϻᾰ촽ϵ£Զʮһ͵ˣ˱̸֣ڽǵģҲӦúܿŵģӦʮˣҲúˣһǶúߡ
С࣬Щ٣ۡ
ˮӵǶˣˮϴϴǳԣ㽶
΢΢һ㶡
Ц˵Ҷѣų԰ɡ
شģòĳúܺÿ
ŰԺ̹̹ͬ˵
ԥһ£ֽ˹
תߡ
ںġ
תͷ
Ŀİʣ㡢㲻𣿡
˵Ϊʲô㣿
һأָᾰ
ҿ϶㡣ֱ˵ǿȻˣžԸгѵġ
Ҳֱӵһۡ
кܶܶĺùǲѪΪһ˺޵ߣҲԼ׷ģҲЦЦת뿪ʱš
붼֪дġ
ļˣϽ¥ȡ˳ûü¥վ¥ݿȷʵдţ׶ѧԵغͨţ򵥵ֺͨţҲӿʼּƴżȫǺֵġ
ĸϽ־̫̫ɽӹĺܺãӳӳչǣسΪϴѧηʱ෢ʮ
˵ԼˣˣҪǮҪԵ㣬ȥɽϲ˺öľĢѾɹˣ˺öɲ˺⣬ԡ
󼸶̫̫ᾰôˡ
Ŀſۿͺˣֿôãĺǣţ¥ǰְŶһ飬ӳȡֽʣһ£Լ׶ѧճ˵һ飬̫̫ע壬ҪôƴϹ˾ϢϢ˵ᾰ¶˵ȥң˶ˣ̫̫Ҫġ
һţûд֮ģоһЩʳ֪ʶͻעƴȥֵ䣬ĩһǿ̫̫ע壬Ҳ˵ԼҪȥĻ
һдˣİŷˣͶ󣬲ˣ򵥵سڴϣĸ㡣
ڶϣȥϿΡ
ʱ˰Σʱ˳гģĽ˳ᾰһѧУҷӣΪѧ׼
һһף
ĶһһһһķӣضβɹⶼǳãʱķӼˣһĵطٿǮһС档
˳ʣ䷿Ӹʲôֲ⡣
һԺأķʡ
˳ˣ˼һʣ⣿
Ц˵仯ô죬˵Ժˣ𣬾ɡ
˳ҲǣҲûзԡ
ľһ棬һ׷ӡ
ڶľʰᣬ𾪲ѡ
ֱӴӴʣҪ᣿
šĵͷ
Ķȥ
ᵽⷿ
ΪʲôҪȥסȻ뵽ʲôʣǲΪңΪסᣬ㲻뿴ңͰȥסҸ˵ҶԾѾûǸ˼ˣҲȥˣҡ
ûйϵĴ˵ԼĴ㣬סȽϷ㡣
㲻Ҫסаɣ
Ц˵Ȼǣ֪ܿΪʲôסˡ
ģסһһѧˣĵΪ˴оֹӿʼģؾ˻էһҪסˣЩӦ
Ѿˣ˵һǵġ
˰͵¥¡
˳ᾰ֣гϡ
ĳ˻֣гͽ˳ᾰ˳ⷿⷿѾɨˣİ򵥵ذú󣬶Խ˳ᾰ˵˸ǳô
˳ᾰͷ
ǳԷʱǳԡ˵
ദͦãᾰʡ
ĵͷ
˲ġ
ҾҲǡˮ˵ȥˣǡ
Ҹһȥᾰ˵
á
סĵط빩ܽᾰת͵ˣʵ߲࣬ʱᾰ˵ںͷĲһˣ߲඼ûжȱˡ
ᾰͷ˵ţּܿƻþͻȡˡ
Ĳؿᾰô֪ģ
Ƴġ
ⶼƳгչⷽ棬ֱǿңԤ֪δԲ֪黹Ƴ
ţһҪչǱȻġ
ΪСϢء˵
ûС
Ƴʲôʱܹѽ
ɣ
µ׼Сֹһ䣬ѾϰᾰʱĿԽһ
˵ʲôᾰʡ
ûʲô˵гҪǿˣǶǲǺô𣿡ʡ
ǵȻᾰ˵꣬ʵȸũҵũҵõ˿ٷչ˴ͻҵת䣬ʱǲԱҲᴩõȵȡ
Կᾰ˿ͷԣ˵öԡ
ᾰЦЦ
ߣǿؼңΪõúóһ١
ᾰЦ
˼֮ᾰϴвˣظĴ֣˳ڿ⣬ųᾰȻ֮Ҳ̸뷨һðͱƮζˡ
ܵſ˵㰡ʲô
˵⡣
𣿸ҳһ顣˳ֿסջˡ
һҲӣ˵ˣζ
С˳вʵԭλ
ûһһ˾ˣһӼһݺ㣬һཷ˿һţһݿ棬ͦҳĲˣǿȥ̫ÿˣˡ
˳Ͻܵ˫ӣߴᾰ˵죬ԷԷˡ
ᾰֽӹ
˳Ȳؼһ飬ŵУȾһɵһ¾͵ζ٣һҧҧƼ飬漴͸ܵʣ֭߳ǿҵ⡣
˳̫ûгԵĲˣʱһԣ۾׽֮۾ḻ˵ģĲˣ̫ó˰
ô𣿡ʡ
ᾰһӺ㣬ʵ㣬ϴ֮þơСƬưСʱٴϴڼУ΢ըһ£򵥵ϴС˽ǡͣ΢ͣ棬ڣھܻ㣬ᾰüչ˵һҲţǺܺóԣͰĶóԡ
˵ˣ˵˵ҿ׬Ǯ𣿡
ᾰ˳һģʣҪꣿ
ʱ뷨ȷ˵ٽ֮˵
ᾰ˳ͷ
һ˳˵ģҾ㿪ɡ
ᾰ˵֧֡
ĿһЦ˵ҿǿǣ׼Ժͻؼҵ¶
ž͵׶ѧѧĩԣᾰ˳˶ΪԶ׼ڼ˳ŻƱܿ͵˻رݵһ죬˳ϵƱ
ʱᾰĽ˳͵˻վض˵ҾͲȥˣ
ĵͷ
Ľ˳ؼУҲûᾰ˸У˻𳵣˷ܵϷȥ˯ţҹ˲˯ڶϣʻ˱УĲˣŴСϱеĹ
һسǽ˳Ҫġ
˵ң̿϶ڼˣԼ͸ͻؼˡ
У߰źˣȥ㡣
С
ĻǮггϣĿϤ԰⣬ĳȣҲ֪̺ڸʲôסǰ
쵽ɽӵʱ򣬿ǰмСӣ߱ƵģһźžɫקһӣӺһ֦˴٩˵ҽ׶׶Կë.ϯҳˣҲҪȥ׶ģҲ״Ԫ׶ѧѧҪǮǮ
һСк˵
Ȼˣҽȫģҵĺҽ׬Ǯģ׬ǮˣҲҽ򣡡
Сһﲻ˭
Ŀĵغһ
Ͻתͷһ㶣Ÿ˵ؼг㣡


 79 

ʮ£С
Цźһ, гǮ֮󣬰˵лл
, ˡ˵
õ, лл˵ת
, קӣܹ, СֱֱضĿ, 㣡
Ӧ
Ҳ㶼ûϳ㡣
Ϊʲôѽ
ÿˣ
ĵͷԼĴţЦ˵׶Ǳߵ˶ôģÿ𣿡
رÿʮ
Ҳÿˣˡû, ˲, Ҳ, ź, ȥһرС̫
ĵ۾
ıɫ, һӣһС˵, ǻؼҡ
Ұð˵ġ
, õö
Ǻðɡ˳Լһ㡣
ʣڿʼϰ𣿡Сѧϰ, ҲһȥѧУʦ, ߵӷѧԷ
ţǲŸշѧ
շѧͼ̣𣿡
ģһͼöˡ֪Լû׬, ʲôỵ̫̫̈˲٣Ц˵꣬ߵͬѧǵǰܽ˵ҽ㣡׶ѧѧǴѧ
׶ѧ
СͬѧԳݵ۹⿴ġ
ĵЩ˼ˣϽӿڴͳѴǸСͬѧǣСͬѧǶɽӵģÿԵĶǺģûʲôʳɳԣ˿̿һſŴǾǰ¿ˮǸĸҪԱ˵ĶȻˣײá
Ű˵꿴
ӹеĴǣԼͬѧ˵ǳ԰ɣҽ׶ģһ˳ɡһŴǣʣµֻġ
˵ų԰ɡ
ĵشڴ
ļɽߡ
СͬѧһŴǣĵظں棬̲סСذ£Сͷһ򣬳˿˿ζŨŨζһĲˣСֹźóԣССҧһڣڿǻлһϲֵظߡ
Ҳ͵͵һŴǣܸ˵ػͷͬѧһۡ
ͬѧ˵ǵˣһѧҰ
ãټͬѧǻ֡
ͬѧص֮󣬾ͰĻ¶ɢȥˣɽӵԱǻûȥϹе׼緹еţһĻˣ׷̽ͷ⿴·ǰһݵĹ
Ÿ߸ߵβŵɫȹӣһ˫ɫСƤЬģΣĲˣǳĹһ
˭
˭û뵽ġ
ÿϤˣȻشк緹𣿡
ѽѽģˣæԺ߳ŵػģ
ѽЦ˵
Ӵųȥ£ⶼʶˣ׶˰
ЦЦ
ѧУżˣǰĺÿǼҵ̫ˣûʲôоĵ˻ƣſʼģ֪Ŀ׶ѧˣѣ˼µĴѧ̥һÿ˲ֱӣҲˣĪؾðһͷ
ȴǺǰһ˵ţżˡ
ż˺ãż˺ãżڼϢϢ
ԣû¶
úúáӦţĿ뿪
ԱϽոǹ𣿡
ģն˵
ôôƵġ
ıͺÿѽ
˵Ҳǣֺÿб£ȥ׶ľǲһ
˼Ǵѧ
׶ɶģȥ¡
ߣȥʡ
Ϲʱ䣬ƽʱɽӣѵһʵ¶Աôܴأһߡ
ûеļңͿ̫̫ӲﱧһĲ̣ߣԱ̣æˣǼĻˣ
̫̫Գ߿һûпġ
Ⱥ̣
̫̫һĵӺ󣬸ϽѲ̳һţ߹˵Сġ
̡
Сİ
Ұ̫̫־ϲָжۿͨ죬ʣô˰
ҷż˰Ц̫̫֡
ԶԶԣ˵żپͻġ̫̫ûмˣƽյĳԵò˯òãէһĺȻЩ֪˵ʲô󶼻Ϊһ仰ûУ
ûУڻϳˡ˵
»𳵵Ҳͦѽҿ緹ˣһٳһ١
á
ĸ̫̫߽ԺӵԱҲŽˣ˵ĻӳӳͼǷԱҲ׷׸˹
ģӳ
ӳӳС󣡡Ŀĵػ
ջ𣿡ӳʡ
ջġ˵꣬Ȼ뵽ԼĶϽԼӴ򿪣װǹɡӵȵȣó͸ӳˡ
ӳϽ˵ǸʲôӳҪ
ŰɣҶСİǹ֮ķŵӳֿ֮ʼӳǷԱԱ˷׷һõԵˣ˼ˣŰװһǹɣ֪ⶫ϶ˣЩ˼˵ģⶫͦİɣ
ûá˵
ҪƱ𣿡
ҪģѧУƱ˵
ѧУƱѽԱʡ
šʵ˵ÿ·ʮǮһЩƱżЩƱʡһʡһ»ʣµ㡣
ӴϴѧãҪǮǮԱǷ׷׸̾
Ľž˵ԣԴҶŬŬúö飬ѧܳϷ
ԶԶԡԱǷ׷׸ͣӣĽĲˣ룬һҪԼҺӺúѧϰԺҲϴѧϴѧɱϹϰ׬Ǯˣ
Աǵľˣϣɽӵ֪ĺôӽԺҲһһ·Ա׶ӣǳĵͬ˵˵Ҫ緹ˣԱǲδ뿪
ӳҲˡ
һһԷ
̫̫Щ۵˵զƱ˰ôǹģԺʲô
һءЦ˵˵ˣҸǵǹʲôģҲڼˣҲܹտ
̫̫Ҳû˵ʲôŮޣģɽӵʱÿˣҲĺܶ࣬ϽذѼƵǰĳԡ
ı̫̫˵һһҪϹһҪѧֻգ̫̫뿪ִȡ̷ۡɺ;ƣӰ칫ңҵ˴ӳЩӳ
ӳȻҪ
ļҪӳ˵ӳ֪Ҳڵ⼸̵ܵչ˺ܶ࣬һֱҪлģѧѧУǮе㣬Щл㣬ֵǮġ
ӴӵĽҲչչǣչ˭ôһӳ˰˸ѧ׶ѧģһԼԱӳر𽾰ÿȥ翪ᣬ򶼱ȱֱͦĲ˵ʲôչ̫̫ġ
ҵ⣡Ұ㵱磬ҸɩӸֶ㶫ˡ
ã治á
ӳֲҪ
ֱ͵˴ӳļŻص˼УؼҵϲƣͣӣʼɨѼĶɨһ飬·ϴһ顣
ʱ仹磬ͽӵгȥ߲ˣ⣬ԺȺ棬ŵһţ⣬˾²ˣгĩըͣһ
ҲѺˣٴһ״гһСӣȡߦȣߦɴСƤıʼӡ
Ű˼㣡㣡
Ӧڳ
ѸٵܻܵСǺ
ʣôʲô
ؼҡˡ
Ц˵ڼҪסһңߵġ
ģĵʡ
ģ
ĨһѶͷϵĺתϵĽӣʣԽ𣿡
ԡ
ϲԽӣҲ
ȥϴ֡
˼ҵĺ統ң֦ӣİģ̫̫ýӸճ
һĽʢֵģҧһڣƤһ¾˳ž²˵ζӱһЩʵĿУһŨ㣬ζոպá
̫óˣ˵
̫̫Ҳ˵óԡ
Цˣָ̫̫ʢһ룬һҪϹһҪѧģԵҲûйϵ
̫̫Ȼ²ڶĽӶԹˣһδӣҲˣҲˣʱ̫̫ѯᾰ¶
дĶ𣿡̫̫ʣ֪ļĶ㲻𣿡
İ˵
ûƭң
ʲôʱƭ㰡ЦŰ̫̫͸Լó̫̫һ
̫̫˵ֵǮɣ
Ӧðɣֲһֱš
̫̫Щˡ
İ̫̫˵㶼һˣϽȥϢϢˡ
̫̫ȥ˯
Ŀʼʰӡ
˯̫̫֮ȥϹȥѧڼûʲô飬Ϳʼ˯˯֮󣬿ʼΪ׼
ÿ춼Ű취̫̫óԵģϹҲ֣ż뵽СѧϿΣȥӰæˣڼ˵ڸ߿ҲʧˣͨĹϵڻص׶һϰˣ¶Ҳģɽӹʡ
ũæʱ̫̫ڼϢϢ̫̫ϼιӮԱǵһ¿佱Щ˼ˣմӵİũ߽ǷԱԱǳʱӭһСγӭ˹Ա֪ǵĿ⡣
СҮ
С
ۣСӰ
˭ҵСôˣ
һȺ˶Ĳˣһ⡱ۿСͣĸͬʱ򿪡
лҪ˵Ӧÿˡ

ӵԤգҺ׸ٽ[Ŵ]
Ŵ壬һԽΪ׸ӡ
Ǽٵġ
Ǽٽ顣
ֽдһŻЭԼ
һ⹫
ڶ˽


壺ãȫأɵҰ裡ģ
һʱ
꣺ȫΥˡ
壺
꣺ˡ
壺
һ仰飺ʵš
ǵרղһ¹

 80 


ڰʮ£ȴ
֪࣡ͻȻи˴֪࣡
ſӳĸ, һᾰʣµĸ̫̫Ḹĸɵ۾ᾰʲô
֪࣡Ա֪Ѿȥӭᾰ
ᾰǰһ, Ա֪Ǵк, ˵Լ˻, תͷģһġ
ĳᾰЦ
ᾰż, ǳЦ˵ʶˣ
Ŀ̫̫, ЦẒ̇壬̣ˡ
̫̫Ц˵ǰ, ġүү߲, ûй
һ仰, Ķ, ҲԱ֪Ǹ, Ļ˵侲æ˵ӭӭ, Ǹɡ
á̫̫ЦӦ
ɽӴļͨ, 򵥵Ļɫ䣬β, ԱһҲۣϸȥ, Ƥѩף۾ʮ, ˣĻΪ˶ڣЩССľн̫̫̫̫һͰһӾˣ󷽵˵̣ߡ
̫̫̲סʣȥɻˣ
šĵͷ˵ũæʱæ˼ˣҲ۵Ĳˣڼңµؼ죬Ĺ֡
ũæǲǴˣ̫̫Ͻʡ
ûûСЦ˵æˣ˵ˣũæҲϢʱġ
أ
ڼء
ȥһ
áĵͷ
˳ߣûף֪ͻȻʲô͵͵ᾰһۣᾰһЦݣԤУȴʱᾰ֪ԱֱӰеԤи˵˳
˲׵İɣ
Ӵ㲻˵һ벻硣
ҲôΪģ밡ȥʱ֪ϱӣıģڿ϶Ǵż˹װ
ҾҲǵġ
֪໹Ȼûµġ
ʲôµģǸ߿״ԪԺҲǳˣƷģĳúÿܸɻ˭ˣ
Ǿǡ
һЩ¶ԱҲؼˣһ˳ļߣԺϴ˵̫̫һ̧ۿһȺ˳ߣҲ֪ô¶ϰԵΧȹ˲֣ģСģǸʲô
̣֪ͼ˹ˡ˵
̫̫Ծһ£ϽԺſߣɲͿŸɾˣֲ˭˭أ̫̫Ц̫̫˵㣬ѽᾰ̣ᾰİְ֣λᾰ裬ˡ
ôģ
̫̫ЩΣһҲûгУҲûʲôݣƽʱҲûʲô齻ʣͺɽккļ̫̫ˣһʱ֮нһӲƾŶľж˵
̫̫̫̫߽ݡ
Ḹĸš
ᾰᾰطŵ档
ںóӣ̫̫Ḹĸ£ı˵̣кţȥˮ
ԶԶԣˮˮȥ̫̫Ͻ˵˰ˮûйůƿ
֪ˣתȥˮ
Ҳȥᾰ˵һ䣬͸ĳˡ
̫̫Ḹĸ˴ļңһéһݣսһΧһԺӣԺڸɾ룬ǽϹһװӺһЩɲˣϢڰڷӡӣ򵥵ȴǸʣɵþ˾÷Ǹ͸ɾˡ
һ㳬ḸĸΪ»Ĳأ̫̫ϲԺӣɵÿھͿ佱˵Ǽʰɾѽ
̫̫˵Сʰġ
̫̫ʮ˵ľǸúӣúãѧϰãƢãڷܣǼҾöˡ
ҲûУ֪ܸء̫̫˵ĻܳԿ͡
ĸ߿Ҳ״Ԫ
֪Ҳǰ
Ȳģ׶ôѧء
Ķ̵֪ġ
λһһģڿԷʱᾰý˳ᾰ˹ĳ濴˿ûˣСʣôˣôҲˣ
㰡ᾰ˵
Ҹʲôѿڶ
ᾰǰһʣǶֿһˣ㲻𣿡
΢΢ͷ˵ÿ춼ͦæġ
Ծûңᾰɫһʡ
ҲҲǡ̧ۿᾰ˵żҲ롣
ᾰɫͣǴ˵Ц˵ÿ㡣
еˣģЦ˵ҲˣôҲˣ
װ
ʲôף
ǵƭ㣬˵ʲôţֻˡᾰ˵ְ̰пգʹǹһˣҲ¶֤ʵˣҹζࡣ
ʲôҹζࣿ
ΪҲ֪ѧУкܶд顣
ȷʵյ˲飬һֱ¶ġ
Ҳ֤ҶģҪģҲɽӵԱ֪֪һ㣬ҪһЩ˺ǵĻᾰ֣ص˵ԣǽͿԽ顣
飿Ĵһ
ԡ
Ҳô顣
Ҫġ
ǲһǻѧء
ѧУкܶԷޡ
Ҳô飬ȱҵԺ˵
ᾰ룬˵ҲС
ؿᾰһۣһǧعԼҲȷʵһ¶һж˳£̲ôģƿǣˮװůƿУݣڱЩҶ
̫̫ɲʲôҶǴɽժģԼģȻϵĲҶܱȣɫγڸи𣬻ǲģİѱ͵̫̫ߣ̫̫̫̫Ǻ̫̫һˣûôˡ
תͷᾰʱᾰ˲ˣԺ⿴ʱᾰԱǷɳԣԱɫˣ̫̫˵̣壬̣һȥҼҳԷˡ
Ұɡĸ˵ԴᾰḸĸ̬̫̫֮ﰵгŵ㣬ĸšᾰλվԣҲˣʱҲȷʵĲ
òãšָԺ˵ҵܻܵˣյعˣˡ
ĸ˳ĵָ򿴹ȥһĺӣ۾ɫ΢ڣǿȥĺÿһĺÿźһ̣ģɰˣʣܵܣ
ԡתͷ
˵ܹ˵㣬֪ˡ˵Ťͷĸʣ㣬˭
֪ļˡС˵Žˡ
ĺˡ
̫̫úÿ۾ͶЦˡ
̫̫к֮İͲ˳˵ջòã
áͷ
˰ɣҪҪȳԵ㶫һ棿
ĺӳǳʱ򣬻ûзѧʱͶˣ˿гԵģֻ۾Źˡ
ľ֪ؾʹᾰ
˵˵
ԣ԰ɣջ𣬽óԵġ
šһҧ
ӣ̫̫δϴĲˣϴˣ˸ɲˡĢľϴζƴ̣صҺ󣬾Ե⣬±õ⣬гɱƬ֭һлһͣġ
̫̫˻죬ľȥɽԱһֻɱϴп飬ľһ賴ִЩ²֮ģûһһӲ˾ˡ
ζƴ̡±Ƭľ˿²˳Сʱߡһͷһӣðŵ飬̫̫Ḹĸȵؿģͬʣģ
ţǸϽһ˵
á̫̫ϲʳȺһ𣬻۵֭ˮڰĦͷƵģ׽һ£кĵҩζĴˬ壬ǡô̫̫֪Ҩӡ
裬㲻ܳôǵġĸ˵
ûϵġĽӻ˵ûзǣõ桢㡢ͺ氾ζ
𣿡̫̫ĸһȡ
̫̫ĵ˵Ҷһ㡣
ĸҲȥһ鼦⣬ۣ֭ˮӯһҲĸԼҲҲȥ¹һЩӣûгԹôóԵļ⣬˲ĳ˵á
Ḹž̾
֮ǰᾰ˵˺óԣҲһû뵽ôóԣһ佱һ֮Ҳûֻ֪Բˣᾰ״ǵ⣬ҲþûгĲˣȲؼв˳ԡ
̫̫״ǿģġ
ĸ̫̫вˡ
˳Եĺ⡣
Թһ˾ҪȥˣᾰҲҪŻȥ۾ϣС˵һǰȥ
ᾰ˵ҵ㡣
á
һˡ
̫̫һ
ʣ̣Ǻ˵ʲô
̫̫˵һܹ˵Ǽˡ
㲻Һ֪ˣ
ǰҲûз԰̫̫˵Ҫзִ磬֪𣿡
֪֪ˡ
ȥ·ϣ̫̫˵Ǳ֪ඨ׵ģҸܾˣѧҵԺ˵
ã̵ġĿĵ̫̫ĸ첲
̫̫Цˡ
ɽӴһڣһں̵ܵܺɽԱ֪Ŀ£뿪ɽӣسǺͽ˳ϣһص׶
ʱ׶ѧУûпѧסѧУˣֱסԼĳⷿ棬ʼɨһոʰãˣһ򿪣һӰ˽ֱӱסġ
Цˣô֪һˣ
ᾰЦ˵ҿˡſģĿȵ˵ôҲ˵һ
Ҳæ𣿡
ûǲǽͲ˵ˣ
ľȵʡ
šᾰĵֽ˷䣬ʣʲôʱ򵽵ģ
ġ
Է𣿡
ûС
ȥ򷹡
Լˡ
ôãȥ򷹣˵ˣҲ˲ˣЪţʲôᾰ˵
Ҳǣͷ˵ԡ
áᾰ˳ȥܿţ˵ںˣӪҲûʲôԵˡ
ţԡ
ΧһСϣһţ棬Ȼţ治ôóԣ˵ģ˵⼸һֱ˵극˵ţ˵Ļһڴ˵ˣûؼˡ
ᾰؼҡ

ᾰ鲻Ըߵſڡ
ĸں˵óԵĸԡ
ᾰͷֱֱضģͷ촽ա
ûоܾǺȻż⣬ᾰ촽
ĴУһ»ᾰǣ̱סģģ˶ǵһνǣɬȴᾰгؼҵ·ϣײɵɵվſվãģоĶġ
ô˧ᾰȻôۡ
ڴϴԭôģᾰ뿪ʱͨӣһЦ
һǴᾰķһֻ֮Ҫûڣĵ֣ĵ˵ĲˣĶû뵽ᾰӡ
ڶû˵ʱ
ܿؾ͵˿ѧһѧڶѧУͳж˽һڶѧڿѧľ͵Ӧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʡ˲ʱȥһߣһ䣬ʮ֮ƵʮһȫϢ.￪漴ĺܼгȥͨѧ˽˳
ģôˣ˳ʣϴأ
ϿΣû
ôͻȻˣ˳ʣ¶𣿡
С˵ǿʼ׬Ǯɡ
ڣ
ԡЦ˵Ҷ׼˺þأߡ
ȥĶ

ǰг
˳ں档
һĵ꣬Ĵ򿪵ţ˳ŵһУɴ۾ʣⶼģ
лҪ˵Ȼûдo(st)o

 81 

ڰʮһ£һ
ԡĵͷ
ӡơ˵ӡ˳ŵڳϰڷŵ, תͷģôණˣ
ĵͷţȥ乩ʱ˳ġ
˳װǫ̃, ú, ɵþ̨̾ˣѽ
ĵͷҲ, ˸ˡ
˳ܹ۲һ£ʣǻ±ˣ
ԡ
ڿ±𣿡
ȻԡİѸո˵˳
˳ϲʣģǿԹ׬ǮˣȥˣҲú±˷ˣ
ĵͷûӵ˺ܾˡ
ǡʲôʱʼ׬Ǯ˳ʡ
ĩʼɡ˵
, 㣿
ԡ˵ıֽʲô, һ£Ҳܷгı仯
úúá˳ĵĺܣһҾȥֽ
ƽıֽϻûʮһȫݡ
ûϵ˳ڵȥʣϴ֪𣿡
֪Ľʣû¶û¶Ļ, һȾ¿, ǳԸ緹
ð
±˵¶, ô㶨ˣǼ
û⣡
, ȥѧУɡ
Ľ˳һ׶ѧᾰ, ûһᾰͳˣһȥӪԷ, ˹ҵ, ᾰʮͬĵĽ˳һδķչ
ᾰⷽ濴Ǻ׼
Խʮͬ, еعעֽϿ˰СڴһʵСũͥаơ, ҲǷﵽԸӯٳԴˡ
˺ܴĺ䶯, ݱֽ౨вЧ£žǹƷҪƱˣӪǮͿԽȥˣһϵеı仯˾޴ķ죬ҶԸогɶֽӡбһЩС̷ͷһЩźš
Ǻת䣬תóгӣĿı仯ʮֿģܿص磬ᾰ˳綼ʱ䣬һȥ⣬ˣһȥС
Ѿ֮ǰ͵͵˺ܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬˳ֺǺǵ˵ͷһ仰ʲôãԺԹˡ
Ƚ׶ͷˣȻҪһʱִˡ˵ԺͲкУӦýмˡ
кãкð˳˵ʣʲô
ѾˣЩѼˮʲôģЩ߲ˣһЩ˸ǳԡ
С
һ𳯼Уѡ˼צѼͷˮᾰ˳ںţһص꣬һϴƣ˼򵥷˳ˡ
ڶϣ־ڣľ±ˣᾰ˳æ֣ʰľȻһͷѾѹǸסˡ
ʮӾͺˡ˵ǿȳԷ
Է
ᾰ˳ֳԵĲˣֻǼ򵥵ײˣͷᾰ˶ԵĽζոճ֮󣬽˳Щˣ˵˵±ˣ᲻
Ϊʲôᾰʡ
׶ǱǱߵСسǣϡЩ𣿡˳ȻģЩ
ϡᾰն˵߻سǻҪϡ
Ľӹ˵ܽˣǲʧܵġ
˵Ҳǣԣ
ȥǾԼԡĿúܿ
˳Ҳûʲôˡ
ᾰᶨ˵϶سǵʱҪúܶࡣ
Ըˡô˵꣬Ҳʮˣߵ̨ǰƿǣһŨ㣬̲סҪˮȸᾰ˳һצԡ
ᾰ˳һµͷ˵óԡ
Ŵ򿪷УװϼצѼͷѼӡȵȣתᾰ˵һؼҵʱ򣬰̳ԡ
ᾰЦŵͷ
Ŀʼ̼צһذڷڲУһɹɵƮ˲·˵ĲĿζʵ̫ˣһɵô꣬ͷдšһ±ζ˻֪ô¶нסջǰʣǸʲôأô㣿
˳Ͻش𣺡±ˡ
𣿡һʡ
Ȼˡ
ʲôѽ
˻䣬ᾰһðļצˣɫƤ֮еεε֬ɫˣˡ
˳ָżצ˵±צ±㡢ѼͷѼӡˮȵȡ
ϲԼצˣʣôģ
۽Ƶġ
һＦצ
Ҫһ˳Щţûߺأˣⳬ󰡣Ͻó˳һǻģһ±ζĵһ˿ͣöչˣֽһ±צһСѼӣЦ˵տţ͸㳢ζ
˭ϲѵĶأЦ˵úãлл
˳Ѽצݸˡ
ȲͳһצҧһڣⴥƤ±֭ŵѹļƤյĸոպãУ׽һڣŨĽ˲ǻ΢΢һ㶣һ£ͬʱצѾ룬⡢̫ˡ
˴ûгԹôóԵļצ֪ͣ½ŲϸϸؿмצһԵ·˶ĳ࣬׷ǰʣó𣿡
ͷҲ̧˵óԺóԡ
˳Ե̫ˣ·̲סߵ˳ǰſڵĳϣڷŽɫϲ˵±ζʶ̿ˮһͶԽ˳˵Ѽͷ
֣˳̴Ӧ
˶д˼צѼͷҲ볢һ׷׶ӿһЩ볢һˣ波һ£һ¾ͱĵո޵ˣǵͷϽ±ζһЩؼңﳣһ
ٳﶼһЩǮ򲻵ö߿ˣôõģɲԸˣһǮһֵģһǵģһĶ˳ͣᾰҲŰæСʱһ±ζĸɸɾ
㿴ңҿ㣬ٿſڷẉ̂׼ףҵ⻹ûףţ±ζѾˣͬʱЦʱһǱСǮ˵ҪǮģүүġ
СﳤرɰĲɵ÷˵ˣûˡ
צû𣿡Сġ
ûˡ
Ҳû𣿡ССų￴
Ҳûˡ
Ѽͷأ
ûˡ
СҪˣ˵үүԣҲԣô죿
ҪѵڷĶɡᾰ˵
С˵Ǹ̵ġ
̿ôɰСһġᾰͷ
Ц˵ðɣ»ٸ
š
İѷļצȵȶССҲ֪ЩѾǮ͸Ǯ±ζĵˣǮдһŵӪҵ֮󣬶ᾰ˳˵ţǮ
ᾰ˳һͷ
Ҳû׬Ǯĵ׬⻹ǵһι׬ǮζȻͬһֵģֵģֵģһǵģǵģǵģһԪĶˣ˵ȥϡ
򣡡˳˵
ߡ
ȥˡ˳ס˵ϴ±ģ̫ˣǻǰһԺЪһЪô
УһжǰһŤͷᾰ
ᾰ˵ʱȥҼҳԷˡ
ܲȥˣ׼±ȥ
ҲС
ûȥңᾰҲûлؼң˵ļæµʱһ±ζƺˣڶϲŸո±ãһȺѾ˸±ζǲ
ʱľй뷨
й˳ʡ
ԣ㿴ƽʱҪϿΣܶʱʱ䶼иԽ⡣
Ҫ±ζطй¶ˣ˳Ը⡣
ʲôطȫоģй֮ҿ϶ϸ׼ˣԷֻҪ򵥵Ĳˡ
˳˵֮󣬲ſ˵ô
ľȵʣﲻѧдˣ
˳̾Ϣһ˵֪ģʮ굼ҵˣϴȻˣȥ飬ܵش̫ˣϴһȥʱ̸ã˵ܻȥ飬һȥ뵽ʮıң뵽ҵ߲׶ˣ˵ҲسˣһǶģǻҵ
ᾰĬ
˳˵˵Ҫ飬ͱ࣬ûеĻҸĻһɣ׶Ҵѧҵ
Ǿ̹¡˵
˳ʣͬˣ
˵̵ֻ壿
Ѿˡ
ܸ𣿡
ܵġ
УҲġ
˳ĵĲˣ˵͹ˡ
ðѽ˵ȻסĶ
ţҶ÷ӣ㲻Զ
У;ˡ
Ľ˳ѧУæµ죬ԼˣԸĽ˳ɻȻһʦǳԹСϰգɾģĽ˳ܷģƽʱǺᾰпϿΣûξһ±ζæ
һµʱ䣬һ±ζͷչ˲Ľ˳һС̣һ±ζԽԽãÿ׬ǮԽԽ࣬뷨
ʱȻе̨ɷãĸ߿ʱѾܹɷãԺȻػش⣬ϵµ˵һЩҲûа¶ϣû뵽Ժ󣬵ӡֽﶼĵ飬֪ȥĸ߿״Ԫ
㿴㿴ⱨֽдģǿǵġ˳ѱֽøĿ˵㶼ˣ
Ľӹֽ֪ͷҪͣҽȵȣҲ⣬ֽһһȻᾰȵʣôҲϱˣ
ϴҲڱֽϣҿ˳ȥʣϴʲôˣ


 82 


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šĵͷ
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ȻȥӸʲôķʡ
ϴΪ˸о
ʱǰ, רҵˡĿűֽ϶ᾰĿ, ӿЩ
ϴ̫ˣ˳̲סĴָ
ֽʣѵ𣿡
ϴ˳˵
ĵͷ˵һľ
ʲô
ٿһҵꡣ˵
ٿһҵꣿ˳ȵʣæù𣿡
Լй, ں֪ܶ෵磬²ٵطʼʵмͥ
šĵͷ˵ܺ, Ѿæ, Ҳ׬ǮˣҲûʲôãٿһңԱ, Ҳˡ
ĵĺô, ˳ԳݵĿ, ˵, ٿһ, ҲǮ
ǺϻˣȻҪǮˡЦ˵
˳ٺЦ
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Ц˵Уڡ
Ϊʲô
Ӫ治ô׵ģǲܹŴɽؽɽҲҪġ˵
㲻ѧϤ
ҴһĿγ̲ѧ꣬㡣
˵ҲǣǾ
š
˵ʵĽ˳һҲڶ̶һڣֿ꣬׬ǮҲ׬ܶҪҵ׬Ǯõİ񵥣Ľ˳ûнúõ¶úõѧϰʮֵĵ͵̫ˣһ±ζĴϰ壬ѧϰɼֺãѧУﶼкܸߵ
˵Լж󣬵ǰ̵׷ߣе˶֪ģֻúÿͻ飬շѧһ
ܾѾˡ
ҲûҲûҵͰ;ֱȥᾰ
ᾰ־ϣܳߣϣԴʳ粻мרĵظʦоҲƶ𻪵˱дġ߿ѧ顷ڻĻ𱬣ÿİȨ붼ǲСһʣһ֪ģҲر֧ᾰ
ſڣŸվ¿ˣᾰȺ
Ļһ
ᾰģ۾һʣȺܾˣ
ûУյ߰ɡ
õʲôᾰеŷˡ
˲᣺Ǹ
飿ᾰʡ
Ŀ˿ᾰɰͰ͵Ц£Ȼͷԡ
ᾰɫ糣
֮ǰᾰģξȻˣʮֺؿᾰʣ
ᾰ˵
ģ
ġʵϸ¸ոΪ¶̫ãĳһܣֵͦģĺüûָоͦܵģҵģҲ˵ļ˺ͺĵģǿţﻹǲˬġ
Ҳᾰˣǰסᾰ֣ӵͰ˶ĵطһȦܶ˵Ŀ꣬ʶĵ˲֪ĺᾰ̸
жˣ
֪ΪҶ֪ᾰһء
֪ᾰҲѧУ˰ʦϲͷ˶רŹЩ˲ſأţĺء
Ҳ֪ľȻжˣѽ
㲻ῴ˰ɣ
ô㣬ĸϲġ
Ҳǡ
ĺᾰ˲һԣǾЪ˼ɡ

ûһᾰһԣҲ֮䴫ˣһЩ鲻ѣᾰҲһˣҲȻˣֻˣᾰҲŸոճУš
Ŀᾰ
ᾰ˵һ
Ŀʣǿ𣿡
ߣȥҼҡᾰ˵
áᾰԼȥҵӡ
ҪǰߣһСͣǰ򿪣Ḹ˵֪ؼң˳·ɡ
ᾰ˳
̫̫֮Ͻĵ˵˵˵ľˣ̫̫ˣԷʱһӳԷʱ˵ĵһ±ζ
˵ҵⶼ̫̫˵
šĵͷ
ҪϿΣҪ±ˣæù𣿡ĸʣĸѾȫģΪĶԽԽĵ㣬ĸˡ
˾ڹܣڲÿȥ˵
˾㻹˾ĸ̾ˡ
ţտģ
ôСԹ𣿡
Ц˵Ե̣ˣҾѧģ˾ҳģƶҲƶģûġ
Ӵܸɰĸпؿᾰ
ᾰԼԼæ˵Һ͵ʦоһũѾȡ˺ܴĳɹ
ϿˡḸ˵
ĸ񻺺
ᾰһĿģ˵̫㡱
Цסˣ˵һٷԵڵģĻҵĵ绰˳˸绰ѯ˶ݵʱĸдš
Ѿʮ꣬дԽԽˣÿ¶ҪдţҲ˽ɽǱߵ飬ɽӦҺ٣֪ǽԸɻ˳ǣɽӵתΪ˼ͥаƣͷֵأŸĸˣǾͷ˵أֵ٣ǹԵˡ
̫̫ԱʮֿģǴӳȴˣô꣬ͻȻùˣһʱ֮ܲˣũеʱ򣬿ŲԱгȥ׬ǮģЩįҲ֪Ǻˡ
Ĵʱдţѯ̫̫⣬ӳһԼ˼Լ׶˹˾ѯһ´ӳûȤæҰнˮ
дһ֮ĺ˵ټ˳Ÿĳȥջصյǰдţŵݺܻ죬˵һжã˺ѣʲôԸ˵
˵ӽɢ֮ѧУҲıˣѧУϷְ࣬ʶһͬѧأǸɰŮӡ
أ
ŮĻһ
ⲻǡʮ谮Ů
Ůڳˣ
ļǵغϲҲΪ˺ܶ˺ľкܶ˺ֱڻȥﻹں粻һˣ̽㶼úõػϣҲûܵκεŰһжܺá
Ҳúõسɳ
ȻôţĻЩģѹ˾鴦ãѧУ˼٣Ͼ˻رݵĻ𳵣ϵɽӴ壬øѧԶԶؾͿСǡ
һǱӣԹɵСŮ
֪Ķץһֻ񣬸˵Ҳһɡ
СŮ˵ǲҪ˺òãÿǰŷ˺òã
УС˵Ǻòץġ
СŮ˵ǿǲġ
СŮˮ۾
˵ģǾͷ
СǵķԣŷС
СŮЦˡ
СŮЦˣҲˡ
СǼСɵÿ죬ɵúÿҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
˾飬һ˵ĺõܵܣ仵˺޹һ
תͷϲش󺰣㣡
ٵسܣһ±סĵ
ЦԴ
סĵ֣СŮ˵أҽ㣬Ưɡ˵ְ꣬ͷ˵㣬أסڴӵġ
ȻŮء
غá˵
áġ
ɰɣһǸ˵Եģúѧϰม
ûӣ
˵ŰɣҽģҸġ
Сֽ˹Сǿġ
ʣغǺ𣿡
ǰۿɺˡ
̲סЦ۾ӵˣʣǿȥ𣿡
Եġ
ؼﶼʲôˣ
үү̡
о˵Ǹүү̳󣬲;үүûеõʱƣ꣬ܿȥˣӹĺ࣬Ц˵ȥòã
ѽ첻ϿΡؿĵ˵
Ǿôˡ
š
رƾɵСı뿪ˡ
ͷżңڶĵȥؼңؼֻéݣһǳʮּªʮƶӡ
Ž㣬ˡؾ͵ȴˡ
Ŀ̡
ЦŸл͸صǣ˵شûгԹôóԵǡ
ְԼ͸̣һЩʳ̲ҪľͰ̰棬һ֮󣬾ͺúѧϰ¶˵Ϊ̫ˣ¶
ҿ˿ʣ˵үүҲڼҵİ
µظɻȥˡ˵
һˡ
תͷȥͿһͷ׵˽˿ȥݣҲЩήҵӣм¼˺ܿͻΪСʱƽؿˡ
үүػһ
үү̧ͷ˵˵ͬѧͬѧ㡣
ǰؿĵ˵ҵġ
úúáүүЦ˵
ȥǸܺͰˣĺүүк֮󣬱ʣүүôˣ𣿡
û¶ˣͺˡүү˵
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