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òӳ˻ʹûңӣ֣һСıˡ

ҶػϤľ飬¶ҪͨأȥԼңӡ

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ӽİ

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 1 

ⱱ󣬿֦ҶһƬɪ
ҶĽҶµĹ»㱨һ긮Ŀ֧ӵĽˣһ룬洫
ذɣ͡СѾסһµѩ濡
ѩüһͣͬսʶͬãôˣ
ĽҶЦһѩ濻˼ǰǺýáǰѩ濵ܵ޺ѩһ˹µص͡˭֪һȥѩ濾Ҷݡ
ĽҶԵĴѾüѩֻһС檣ھǰ£಻Լݣˣȥߡ
ĽҶѩ濻ڲĵΪСѾߣڰ֣
ѩʯ˿ȹͷΣ棬ͨ޾ףʮ㡣֮£һȹĽҶԵЩؾˡ
ѩһ۽ϲҲ߶Ž㣬ɽܳԲã˯Ҳ˯ãү˸ƣ˭֪
ĽҶԭŲ豭һ٣ֳӣ۾ֱֱѩ濡
˵ķӦѩһһЦ˭֪ϲˣѾˣɰү˻ˡ
ðѩҲ̫Ҫˣѵķϸ檣˺ӻҪһӵңΪ˵ĴѾҲ̲ȥˣ㡭
ճڣͱĽҶסֻ֣ĽҶɫ䵭ﻳүĵһйѩԺǶದȥÿµúչ
ллˣþ֪սչˡѩ濵ؿĽҶ۵׾ǿ⡣ĽҶʶò黭ȲĽҶ
ؼܣǣֻܿάּƣĽҶ߼˺ӡڿĽҶԱˣѩ濳˿ĽҶòвΣ
УЩӲ߶ˣú̥ɡĽҶͿ͡
ѩ濻˵䣬뵽ĺӣӦĽҶҵλӿɾͲһˡѩִڶϣ°ͳ
ˣɲȥˣѩ⺢ҲҪǰүٳҲ¶Ĺس⡣
ĽҶָͷԭҲΪҶݲһʱ⣬ֻɸ檰ˡֱǰЩӣ֪ҶضǰͰͨˣҶȢΪлԼټˡ
ҶѩǼҵ䣬ȴʶ䣬Ŭ˵һȽּǿС׻ô˵ĺӱ
һ߶߶⣬ĽҶֻƣ̧ųһȥ԰䣬ǲøš
԰ﾡǲлҶһưܵĶĽҶߵߣһ紵ˮϸĵӰҡҡ
ͬҶݵĻ׶µģҶ̫̫Ҷݵĸ׶ϲԼҸ˵ˣ־;޸ҶݣҶҶЯԼ
˭֪޹ôҶֻ裬ȢΪѩ·ǱֺֻҶݣΪҴȥĿദ
ĽҶ˼Ȼ춯ͷ͵һѣСĽҶۼֿץס˺ߵĿ˲ĽҶ
ĽҶһδֻץϵһӣ֧СˮûͷĽҶһû˺³ȥ
ѡ
ĽҶԺۣǵˮȥһûʶǵþˣ
ͬҶԼʱ棬ٲˡߵѾ
ĽҶЩϤ̧ۿȥһƣôˡ
üһ䣬˵ЦأūһֱڡǰЩŸչʮĪˡ
ֱھǰƸûޣĽҶŽʮʵûгޣҲû˰ռ
ĽҶȭͷһصޡ
մΣϻһӡĽҶױ
ʱӴƸѵˡǸõӣȤ⼸ǹϻضƵģҿźɫȹãҶӼ˿϶ϲ
ĽҶüͷ΢壬ʲôҪϲ
һ㶣ﲻͬҶԼȥɽͻ֮ǰ˺ü족
ĽҶ۽΢ҶݴδϲҲǿڼгϲӦȻˣαԼͰ͵ȥֺ
ƿĽҶ˼¶ɫү֪ҶԼ簲
ǾȥϹ䣬ǲ˵ȥȻ֪ûȥɽ˵ĽҶ㻻ȹװȥ
һۣЩȣôһͱ˸ƵģǰҶҶӣھֱˬԼˡ
ոûãĽҶóĵȥ̻Ķ֣ȥˮ̹˹䣬մԱߵһҲ̣˻
ս֣ôһ𡱡
ĽҶŲһ٣תϹŵЦƽﾡڲׯæó
ѩȻߵĽҶ࣬ǵ֣㺰ңæҲҪڳġ˵ҲɣҲׯ½һ˿񣬽Ȼ֣ȥ
ĽҶѩ濵˵ѩĽ˭뵽պһһĽҶͱء
ôˣѩЩԡ
ĽҶЦЦߣȥӿһҪҶضǰϷ
һѩ·ѩ濾óҵļƣյı˿óս㿴ƹæͷԽ˿ⷿû
ս㿴˿һɣӯѤѩչĲƥصشݽģͳƥׯǰûôġ
ĽҶһѩ濣糣۵ȴһ˿ң˲²⣬˿񣬡ǲƥɫġ
ѩǣƹ񣬰ƥ
붨Ӧƥ˻ȥ߼㾪һ
ѩüôˣ
붨ЩӲ⼸ƥϴӿⷿóõģôƥ÷ͻ˵ӣ˿ˡ
ѩһȻϺõĲһС飬õôôСģƹôˣøϻ֪𣿡
붨ɥùʱǺúõģ˵ûָףôỮƲϡ˵ͿĽҶһۡ
ѩ⻰ʲô˼սҺýã⻮Ʋ𣿡
˻һѩ·е˽Գ˿ȥ
붨죬Сû˵ģⲼϿǵһó˭
ѩüס족תĽҶսĪǽŪģҲýӣο»û׼ء
ѩ˵ŲĽҶ£ȴƶĽҶ⻮һƥ˿ʹѣ˿һƥ۱ҪʮӣϿɢһɾͳȥˡ
ѩ濱ĽҶͷϣɱĿ˿϶ˡĽҶһ˼ýãһƥ˿ĽҶֻСǮԩͷ˭
ѩεؿĽҶô˿ţĽҶΪҲƥ˵ı˿ؼҰɡ
лҪ˵Ԥġġղ
һԽֽżҵĳŮԲڵĸΪıǰ̣͸ʳ޶ȵ֪
ǰʮˣֽԥصһ信ŵعӡ
ֽԸ˽ʳĺӣֻŹˣôڽֻǹӿԽԽĪ⣬ֽ͵ֻųŮһݡ
ӽİ
ԥ½Ѳ飬һĵŮ֫һŤֱӵ޵ԥһν˴Ըլӡ
ֻ뵱ҽţ˴һһ⣬غܶ
ԥ룬ѵһƬģʹظŰա룬һ죬ǸڿӵŮȴֱˡ
ĸһԥӣҵˣݺĥһֽҲζ
һ죬ԥǰǧĵ˶ֻһŴġӡıһˮЩܿˡ
հǰ󲻴ҵֽˣ
˵õĥ׼Ůأ

 2 

ĽҶվţɨۿֵˣһ±ѩ濴̣Īƹ˵ҲϾϸմӿⷿóֻ֡
ѩ˳˵⵹ǣǿⷿ˰أ˴⻮ۣǹҵĵܻġ
ĽҶЦŵͷҿҲ񡱣˻һѩһϲӻȴĽҶ˵ѵܽͼʡ¡
ĽҶʮָȻָֻͷָס
ѩסǵĽҶϧʮָܣվĻôأ
ĽҶ΢΢üҿҲ޵ܣֻǲԭˡ˵ĽҶ¶֮ɫ֪ƽæⷿǴ£򲻿ɸ黫֮˿ɳ֮ÿҪúüⷿĲһĪҪԴγã˵̵
ԭֻǿ֣һⲼׯĿⷿزϲ𣬵ʱѡеĲϡСۣ˵ҹĲϳˡ
ѩ˫ĿԲĽҶⲻǹ⻵ׯƫƫĽҶϸЦ⣬һʱĽҶǿļıǲ֪ϸȰ档
ѩ˵Цأⷿϣĸţܳʲô¡˵ĿһתⲼϣ붨ִֽţεĴˡ
붨һвޣȴҷֻ¡
ĽҶͷѡʱҲðѰѹأƹ¶ôܺá
ѩֱҧ֮ǰһĽҶѵĲ²⣬ڿɾͰٷְȷĽҶǹ²̨ˣ˵ⷿܲϣ˵ѡ۹ⲻУô˿ţȥӻô⡣
ѩҲֱӷĽҶ˵ȥֻüһ˿Цݣˣƥ˿͵ˡ˵˼ؽĽҶ
һЦ˳һƥ𣬿ѩ۵ ·Ƶġ
ƵؼûˣʮӶҲǴ֧ƹֻƥϻǱˡ
⻰ĽҶһ˼ϸ壬ϻۣһͳȰԼԶѩ濣ϧʱԼģһľؼѩʵø³
뵽ĽҶһЦ֮ǰҺͿģҲˣֻǲֱӶϽ˵䡱
۾һ䣬֪ƣϲصؽָ׳ţ
ĽҶһЦһҲǲЩС£ֻϿķŽˣ˭֪ѩд˷ƣʯͷԼĽš
˵䣬ոſڣĽҶѾ߽˴ţԼԺȥӭ˼ĸϡ
Ҷģôͬôͻˡʮò˴ԼƽʱĽҶܶĸ׵ļƣָʹʩǲû˵Իˣͬ˵˶ٴΣҶңҪСĽġ
ĽҶƤһϴʲôˣһСסˣһûˣûȻͻˣ̫ͬҶ˵ȥ
ɫһ䣬û뵽浾ĽҶôͬ˵ʲô˼Ϊĸ׹䣬㷴̬ȣΪټǧ𣬽ڡ
ĽҶ̧۳Ͽȥĸɽţĸס
һɫ࣬ĽҶ仰ֱֱʹԭĽҶ־ڸңһһŮĽҶĸҶƴ־Ͳš
Ҷȥ־̧ΪΪҡϳ˺ȻƴҶݵŮĽҶϴ˹߻湦־ǰܶĽҶȣȴһףûٿ˿ĽҶĳԴöȡ
ĽҶҶײϲȻŭѽôͬ˵͸ȥúùܽ㡱
ĽҶһЦаʵôÿ¶ʮҶֻõʮ
϶һָͣòᡣҾƶĽҶĸҶмױ֧ΪⲻҪðΣĽҶС£ĲӣϷ˰ѱ䵽ĽҶ㣬вң
ĽҶɨһۣٹҵ£Ҳȥǰ״ֱԺ
ԵѾ߲µ˵Ҳܸ£ôȻӵˡ
ϺһȥָҶݼǱߵͬ˵ʲôˡ䲻ޣȴٿĽҶˡ
һߣĽҶԺº˿򻨲裬֣ĸҵĵó
ҶȥǰױĽҶι涼ոⷿţ򽻸εֱܡ̶ȥˣÿ¶нˣȻӣĽҶƽҲ
ֵģȥջˣֵǿˮӡ
ĽҶ˼Ƭ̣Ҫׯļʣ
룬ǰһֶˮ۵ģƽȥŮҲ࣬Ҳ֣ͦʵġֻǹúõģô뵽ӣ
ĽҶԭҲǮոϵ̬ռҶҶݵǼԵġ˻ˣûôճָϻߥ־ЩʲôҪ㡣
ЩĽҶδͬ˵ֻԸѡЩַҪȥ
ºǰ¿һˮרպ˿ƥƷ۸ˣһʱ𣬸ǹҲׯ
ĽҶͬö¸µҪĲϣˮһƷǺ۹⣬ϻѡļֲ϶üãҲׯֻۺķݡ
ĽҶЦЦȥȴһϤӰ˸ͦݿ㡣
һųϲЦտ̶㵽һԵ£ö˵˵
ĽҶ޷ֻǰ񣬡Ҷӡ
Ҷ΢΢ȣĽҶǱ糤̣յ֪ˣĽҶôˮ㿪ģ
ĽҶҶƽﲻͷǹʲôôˣ
ҶĿ˸عͬ˵ԭպ̺ȻԼˣתֻˮģ
ĽҶ΢΢üׯͬǺϵԿѡԼѰô˵Ƶġ
ҶݲͣƷ֮ŮƽȱԴöȣعҵ䣬ȫҶָǮܻܵȾ˷纮˲ӣֺοΪ
ĽҶЦһΪѣҶУѩĵİ¹⣬ĽҶ͸ãóĬðؼظ·
ĽҶϲԣֻȵҶӾȻ˽üҵˣõĹĻҶӡ
Ҷһ˿ңĽҶĻԼ˾ֻ֪Ұѩ濼棬֮ĽҶŵͱǰɾ鷳ˣˣֻżȻͥһ족
ĽҶͷԭˣǲԭǸĸ׵Ĳׯģĸȥſʼҹյ֪ҪӱִֻҹҲȰ
Ҷݾȣ̱ǸռҲׯģĽҶѩ濵ĻԴ
ĽҶɫû˵ڵѩ濿ׯıҲģǲҲǿϲŸѩ濹ѩ濵˼ҧһڡ
ҶԭأĽҶٶ˵ֱӸ
ҶݿԶȥ˼Ĵ𣿸ղŵĽҶ̫һˣĿ̬䵭ǲԸ˵ӡ
뵽ĽҶȥ⣬Ҷҡҡͷû׼ܹݵİϷע⡣


 3 

Ժ
ĽҶƷΣؿž绨ˣȻ֮ǰ̫ؾˡ
ĽҶԾһЦ֮ǰΪӭҶݣ崿磬ⲻ֪иûôװ硣Ҫ˻飬ȻҪԼ˼ˡ
ЩҵĻҸȥɡƱʰߵ
ҪĽҶ͵ػؾһôˣūʲôùﲻˡ
ĽҶعҡͷûУǸ㻹ûأҴȥɡ䲻֪ǹӺʱϵƣĽҶȻҪֹصޣȻҪžϵпܡ
ĽҶȥ򸮣԰ٻⰻȻĽҶͤȥĿһͣͤеѩϡ
ѩҲĽҶһ漴߳ͤӭսˣҿɰͰ˺þá
ĽҶһЦѩ濵Ļڲׯ˲죬ѩҶعĲ̣ʧܺװûƵģ⼸ձˣڿ족
˵Цءѩ濿ĽҶ˰յĽҶŰ׵÷֦ȹʶĿĶˣ԰ʧɫ֮£ͬĴ˵ѩ˼ɫ
֣ͤˡĽҶ߽۾һýˣƽҲô硱
ѩЦŵɲǣǶѹȥˣǼ̳˲ĸǵһ˵ĳƺš
˻һͤŵļλټСɫһ䣬ĽҶüͷһ壬ѩ£ڣսȻοģҿɲխñһá
һĸͬãǸϺˣǧ𶼽ã׾Щѩ̬
Ļһҹﶼѩ£ĽҶʱҿɱȲϸλãĪȡЦˡһʱջͣЦ̡
ĽҶһ֮࣬ǰĽҶͬѩ濽ãȻϲǺѩ濵ĽҶģֱˬ⣬һͶԵЦϡ
ѩ濼ҵǰĹټǧƲԸֻ֮ĽҶһĵֿѡĽҶҲԶѩ濱Щ
ôˣ˭֪סڽ⣬˵ܵܽѧѣ˼Լ
ıߣֽͨգǾۻҪ
˵Сѩ濸պɫһף߬ԽԽ
Ҳ˼˵ۣѩģΪĽҶã͵ĽҶˣ˭֪ںˡ
ټС㻰Խ˵Խ¶ǣ¶̣ڣѩ˵򸮵ӻһҺѾˣȥͻˡ˵ճͤӡ
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ѩ濳ͤӺ󣬿첽ߵԶָֽ֣߬ףСѾЩؿԼҹû°ɣ
ѩ¶⣬Щϰٱˣʲô¡ǰؼҲʢʱΧһʧƣ㶼ֺĽҶȥˣΪҪ߼޳д
뵽Ҷݣѩһ̣ױ㰮Ľûְ˻пܣֻܿĽҶ޸Լˡ
뵽ĽҶǵգѩҧҧҶ˵ú˵ʲôĽҶһȤҲûУ˭֪ĽҶ޹ȥˣľɫҶݻ᲻ġ
ѩüͷ壬˼תת
ʱһѾ߶Ź˹£Ǳߵͤ𣿽ͻͣͣѰˡ
ѩ˵˼Ƭ̣Ц˹ȥ԰ٻʢӳȻˣҪȥ£ùȥʡ鷳
򸮵СѾЩԥѩŹʣĹټС㣬㲻ɣƵݸº󣬱л뿪ˡ
ѩ濼Զ¶˵䡣¶ɻ󣬡ΪʲôҪ
ȥȥѩŭĿ⣬һ̰Ըȥˡ
԰һߣժ˶ӻڷ䣬սߣҲһ䡱ĽҶ֣ӻҽյװ磬źÿ
ժ䣬ͬĽҶһ˵ЦͤӡǶȥͻˣֻѩˣˣս㣬ûˣҲͻˣЪˡ
һվֲЦˣѩ濲ƣҲôϿʼõġ
ѩ濸ĽҶһ࣬ɫСսԲ֮ǰҲǹģֻǿ̫̲ס˵䣬ûǸ˼
ĽҶ豭˿裬ѩ濿죬˼Ĳ϶ڵ̨ˣܷСС
˵ʲôԲҿûʲôȻѩҪݣôֱӲ𴩣ֻܷˡ
һͬ⼸λҲͤϢ֮ǰĽҶ׼԰ͬѾ֣ĽҶźˡ
ĽҶ裬һ˿㣬ĽҶʵȥģ
ϸᣬǸղѾ߸ҵӰɣûס
ĽҶͷ˼ĸ⡣ᣬѾнӹƺĽҶһյս㣬Ҫ÷ƣҴС㰮ȣġ
ĽҶһڣڿ佱䣬⿴ѩ濲סʲô㡣
ѵ⣿
Ѿ߸ÿﶼ˾ƣѩƲĽҶĿ⣬ɾغ΢΢һЦתȥ԰ӻ
ĽҶü΢壬ѩ濶ˣӦûɡĳٶҲҸ˶ҩɡ
ֻǸղѩ濵ɫĽҶ̫Ϥˣһѩÿκϲ۵ȴزסĻҡ
ˣĽҶü˼ҲͷЩķҡ
øľյдˣظԼһ̲סЦ⣬յ˵ߡ
šĽҶһ֣յл䣬һأ˽ԳԾؿ˹
ս㣬ôˣŴ򷭵÷ЩϧĽҶɫЩ֣˵ЦҺȣҼأϲһЩȥ
ҲΪĽҶֻʧ֣ԸѾߴɨͤӡ
ʯ䣬ĽҶ룬ˣֻֿܣһ£⡱
Щ⣬ս˵ʲôأҼׯʲô⣿
ɸͣѽһ˶ȣղŸλҲʲô⡱
˽ԲԵؿĽҶֻѩվԶֽ߬ӣôܣĽҶô֪㣿ɺϰɣԣɺϰˡ
ѩסذοԼĽҶĻ׻
÷֭ĽҶ۾ȴԶѩһһ
˻һɽԴʧɫ


 4 

ƺϸᣬȻŵ˵ζ￩һ¡һγӣϾİڵʱСҲʱû̡Ӵˣ˶֪ӹ׼ʳ㶼Сģӡ
÷ȴ֭Ȼ뺦˳ĽҶĿ⿴ȥѩĬĬͤߣѲ⡣
ͤļλټСҳ֪ӹҲɫ졣
üͷһ壬Լ԰ﾹȻ˸ҺãζҪ飬ץ֣պԸǶҪĵ
ֻ˭վۻͻͤС㣬˶ɡ
ɽĸߵĹܼӣԸȥҳվֹƵˣʡ
˵ʱûбܿͤˣһһ˹ȥ
㣬ҿѩ濣ϻΪͬ
üδأҶ֪ͬͣû׼˰֣Ƕ˲ͣҺ׾뵽ͷϣʱͷŹ֡
һЩ㲻˵ֻɴ
ѩ濼˵˵ﲻסشģ±˷֣ɾͳ׻ˣƬ̣ѩɫָ򶨣㣬и顱
ֹƵɣմͻ˽ǿͣҲİΣʹֶΣҺҵѾ߲𣬺ÿЩ֡
һЩ⣬ҲûϵôڼҹߵѾߣû뵽ѩˣжѩ濵Ļɵ˼֡
ѩ濴ͷô˵ˣҹ׷ͬ⣬ǾܾԵˡ
ĽҶԭأЩ֣ԭ߰˳ɵİѩ濵Ĺڿȥѩ̬ݣشӵĻѵкУ
ܿʵĽҶߣȥģȻһ壬ղųʲô
űһСӡ
¶ɣӣͤû׼
һѾ߶ģʯϡ
ӳҪ˵ľۻᣬӲӣǲ͵͵ġ
ĽҶɨ¶ֻ֮ɫѩ濣ȭͷԭĪҪ֭ôصسأⲻǲ𣿡
ѩЦһû׼Ƿ֮Ȼ㲻ʣɴֱ˵Թӣɡ
˸Ѿȥʯ˵ӣһѾ߻棬عҹˣҺ˶ûУ˵ˡ
ںǸʯôûˡתѩ濱¿ȥ£ͬһںģҲѾ߶Ӱ
·ɿҡҡͷŴԴ۾ŵ档ѩҵѾһֱңûȥʲôߣɱˮ
˻һĿ䵽ĽҶϣ뵽ĽҶȣ˼ƽϡ
ѩе⣬ĽҶΪ־ܽҴɲûˣ뵽ǰĽҶµİӣѩ濲ԾЦЦⰵټС㣬´ȥĽҶͻ˰ɣʲϺԺ˵źõ¶ѡ
ɼΣĵĽҶģҲƷĹ٣ҪЩӡȻ£Ժ᲻ĽҶˣ˵͵ɨӿˣͰӶ˰ɣ˵ƾôˣ˭Ҳ˵׼
ճ£ôɨˣǰЩݵʦģһҶӵȥ˼Ҫ»СС»ˡ
⻰ѩһɣ˵׻뿪ĽҶղ˹ȥˣô˵ͲˣͶ˱ԩ޷ֻڸпɾ鷳ˡ
ĽҶĻ˵ĿȥˣĵľֻǰĽҶݲó飬ĽҶ˵ˣ˳ƵȻ˵ˣͷԵƬ̣ʱӦòòˡ
ȻһִһӹˣعһңԺ׼ģոȥʣҵ˵˺ü
ҵͨ򵹵ϣҿʣŹﲻܳԣͲԺˣֻλЩû뵽һ񡭡
ѩ˫ֽգֻʱ⣬ƸĽҶͺˣû뵽ĽҶҪ顣ôȥ鵽ͷϣʱɾ鷳ˡ
ģѾԸˣЩ˼ЩˣֹЩƣͨͨҪʸף˭Ҫط䡭
ֻ˵һ룬ͼѩСѾɫ԰ףӲסҡҡ׹
ѩаҲǸСģûǹ̽˷Ӧʲôȴǹģ£ôˣ
ѩ¶ģͬɵѾȾ˷纮ЪϢҪⲻ
ѩ濷ס£ȴȥɡ
ѩĴңֻҪ뿪ˣҲ鵽ͷϣҲٷˣٶһ١
ĽҶߵǰȾ˷纮Ϊ£
ֽšԴĬ
һȥܻʳʲôģ԰ô࣬˵׼ʱͱ˿ˣ㽻ˣƤ֮ࡱ
±͵С⻰ûף뵽ݸƵѾߣӵСˣ֪ôȥˣͨȥңǣǹá
ճڣͱѩһƣ㲡ͿˣϹ˵ʲô˵ȥ͸ˡ
һѣѩʱ˪˵ӣ˵
ѩЦѾ߲ͿˣȴȥɡвסĽҶ£±ȥҪ֣⺦
ʱһӽͤӣͬ˵䡣ζؿѩһۣܵص˵㡣ѩ⣬شˡ
кҼͻø㣬صعȥͬĽҶ죬ﻰⶼͺ͸м
ͤĹټСƽﶼһⳡжҲ˵ơ
ֻǼպѩھ֭뺦ھŮдˣԵиĸףŮƷмҽܺõȥء
ѩ濺ܿҲ˴ԣֱҧȴҲ޿κΣֻܽѾϡ
Ҫū֪ˡ¹ڵͷͷɢݿ
˽ӵˣǰѾ߼Ǯˣǣ
ѩɨһ۵ϵ£ôĽҶɣĽҶץѱӹ֣ôš
ϲüңͨѾߵļǮʮµĳ࣬¥ȥǿϰӡ
ȻҲѩ濵˼棬ū澲ģʱ
δ˵꣬ͱòͣȥ
Ҷˡ
ѩһŮܲҲûܣҪҶݽ͡


 5 

ҶڲׯţԶķɫٻӰû¶Цݡ
Ҷ磬ˡѩ濿Ҷһַۣɿͷʮ㡣
Ҷݵͷ˵ǰȥһ˵£
ѩ¶ȣʲô£ͬսһȥúõѽ
Ҷݵ˵뺦ҹ֭Ҷԭţ˵ĵ˽Դѩģ̲סˡ
ѩ÷ڴ£ֲõʱս㡭
ĽҶôˡҶü
Ѿߺӽ򸮣ս˼䣬ҹû˵ʲôˣҵѾߡѩˮίѵǻң
ҶЩȷ⵱ǲʲôᣬѩ濵˵ĽҶɣҲֻǵ;˵
ѩʧ䣬Ҳǣȥ˶ǹټС㣬ҵΣǲһ˭ʱҾͲȥģսȥ
ѩһﳼ֮ŮҶݾ¶ۣϸ͵濶ģҿ϶ġѩݵ΢û׼ҹﲻҵˣŹﵽͷϡ
ѩĵЦЦ飬ҶҾͺãҲںô룬ֻġҶݵļͷ
ҶһôΪ䴫Ծͻһİˣ濶ģպұȢˣҲǵһλ
˵˻Ҷݵȥ찲ָ̫̫񣬱ˡ
ҶݵС˳ֿԭĿҶݵѩ濣̾˭֪ԼҹռлԼﵹãľ͹棬ү֪ˣɾ鷳ˡ
ү֪϶Ҫ꣬ߴҶݵʻƸµһֻ
عӣ˵ƹ´ӻһ黭ǶյģϳˣǼƷ
УȥƸ󿴿̫̫ʮٿ쵽ˣҶ֪ԼҶ̫̫׼ĵ̫̫ˣĸҲǰԹ
ҶһƸ󣬱㱻йŵһͼˣµģϻû
ƻصյġ⻭֣չϰ죬ͺüʣϧһ۸Ͷˡ
ҶϸϸͼóףֻеƿԿߵļ߳ʴϸ塣
ҶЩ˲ٹֻӣõļˣ뵽̫̫ŷҶݳƵ⻭ҪˣҰ
ƹӣ⻭Ҫһǧ
Ҷ΢΢һ٣ŵУҰ
ϲüңǱʴ⣬ϣӣȵȣȥƹġ
Ƹƹ˶˵ĶԻҶݹֵλӣʵڲ˼һ⻭Ѿˡ
ҶݲãҽʱҲûˣôȥˡ
ƹһҶݵĴţ֪λҹӣҵС˵Сôղһλ￴⸱仹мСıȥˣǹûģǶ
Ҷݳ俴ȥһ¶ӣȹգű㿴һ޶˵ĽգһЦĽҶ
Ҷǰôע⵽ĽҶɫ㣬ĽҶؾȹһӣ쳤ȹʮسĳɫҶݿЩʧ
ԼҹһѣҶݻعһղ濶ŵֻʲô⻭㶨ˣ
ĽҶû뵽ƸҶݣɫЩӲֻ֣ڵǣ˿༸Ǿá
Ҷݵվ̫̫ٳˣͼף٣ıТġ
ĽҶͷںҶ˵ʲôֻƹСİûĪˡ
ҶЩҲסĽҶ϶ץסֺѻóôû
Ҷݽŵ༸Ҷûϣá
ֵĽҶˣѾƱˣҶûģȥҿɡ
Ҷһҭû뵽ĽҶôش𣬽űĽҶŻֱˣûٴ˼
ֿԼҹӵɫСչ˼û׹ӵ˼ɡ
ҶݲݵؿǱӰúÿΣʵޱ㰵ʾҲıȵ濶ͨ
ᣬһЦ˳Ҷӿ湻Ƥģ㶼ǮˣͰ͵Ҫ
ĽҶղŵĳһЦҶݳԱǸˣֹӸ۸ڶܾ˸ҿû⹦򡱡
ֵɹϾлԼ᲻᲻̫ã
ĽҶƽ⣬˭˵ҪˣһҪҶ˻飬ҪܼС˻¶˺
ĽҶĿ䵽ĻϣպҪѸȫˣ˻ʱҲŻôҶϡ
պ󣬰Զ̫̫٣ϷںԺѽѽϷĽҶѾŽݣ̫̫ˡ
̫̫һĽҶϱЦݣúӣˣҴˡ
ĽҶһЦĽŽĸٳîʱˣֵĹ̫粻Ϲأڼ˻֪ĸôģĽسˡ
һ⻰̫̫Цһ仨ͬ˿ޣôŮŮɾĽ˵
ĽҶóͼĸʮ٣ĽѰ˲ӶûҵǰյûԵӦˣĽףĸ࣬ꡱ
ԭԱߵĸҹ̫̫˹ͼΧͼƷǴҵַҶ̫̫иŮôТ˳
̫̫۾ֻй⣬ԸѾȥһԳɫϺõĽҶһʱڡ
ˡ䣬Ҷݱӣĸˡ
̫̫ЦǺǣĽһˣʲô
˽֪˻ԼЦЦȤؿĽҶĽҶֻϵصͷɬ˱Ȼ
ҶһǰĽҶɱ䵭ˣ࿴ĽҶĶ˵Ĳﶯ˶Щ⣬Ȼ֮ǰܹݵİϷע⡣
ĸصѰĹ񡱣Ҷһ֣ĳ־Źݵ̫̫ǰ
ãá̫̫ϲЦտĲʲô񣬡޸ղȥԺȥ԰ͻ
ĽҶգ̲ס̫̫̾ʮƹܺԺ̣˵һʹĵ¾ŮҶţĽҶҶݶ˻ԼΪľչҶѪϧǿŤĹϲһĽҶעҪ̫̫ڴˡ
ĽҶ˼ǧҲ֪Щֱ˵ֻ˴ȤĿ¸Ҷݳݡ
ҶݵıӰĽҶ̫̫ǰװΪǽ˻ʱЩѣڳˣûȤͬҶݶ
ʱһСӣүˡҶһҴĽҶǰԺȥˡ
ҶݵС˳ͬĽҶ͵ү⼸սպգӴСݵľү֪үĮʤ̲סˣߡ
ĽҶյͷһ˵˳дүرȨ죬ͷ޶ͬ˲׽ѵûغһˡ޸Ҷݲú󣬶Ӻ˳ȥûλ˵үˡ


 6 

ĽҶոſڿһϤȸԾˣ
ĽҶĽ㣬ĸĽҶĸҶ޵ѾߣѲȥҶߣͬĽҶϵ׽ǰȥ˽ң䲻ѫңҲŵڣҾʵ
ĽҶһݣ־ͣ϶ڣЦЦЩǳ
־ĺӣĽӺˣҲˣҲûˣԺ˵˵
ϸ־͵˸־ֻûЦĿͶˡ
ĽҶ˸ۣŲԼϵү˵ͬĽģô
㼱ʲôᰶˣ˵𣿡
ĽҶüڴʲô̡
ԺĽҶ̫̫ϧ㣬ĸҲϲ㣬޹ȥӿ϶̹
⻰ĽҶˣ⣬üЩ㣬ôˣڽҹò˳ģ
ɫһϹ˵ʲôԺ飬ĸǸµӣʲô˳ĵġ
һĽҶ϶⻰ĽҶһ۱㿴ᰵԲԣɫ㣬ͬ˵ʵ򵽵ôˣ
ԥĽҶᶨ񣬻ǰѱĻ˵˳ʧˣ˵ǷծԱķˣ֪ģһƽƶմôȥķֵط
ĽҶ˼Ƿ˶ٶծȰҪ
кᣬǧЩ칫岻ãһֱڸǰϣҲҸˣŻҵ㣬ɵһӶ֣͡
ĽҶ׽һ˿Ծֻ֪ķôֱӸ߽ү֮Ƿ˶ծķȥҽҵҵģôҵһûõĶϱϡ
Ƕķˣѳǫҵġ
ĽҶԽòԾ㣬ȱӣ˰˵
򲻻°ɣһȥ᰿׵ò̫ġ
ĽҶҪᰣǰЩǰֿ˼ҲׯҲЩ֣˻ûģ㲻˭ֵܴӡ
᰿ĽҶһ֪ԼѾôˣж˼֡
ĽҶӺֱԼСƣоͷεвٺѣԴҲ飬ĽҶķԸһվͰԭί˸š
̱ŵĳǫˣ˹׺Ժ飬ãͷķ¥ܡ
ǰЩӣǫǷһʶծϣ֮ͬʵʹ⣬ƭڽݵǴӡȶķҪծʱͿźԼһϣҵӺӡķСͷĿҲ֪ǫİϷֵϱ˽֮
ǫ飬Ұִֻͬ˵£żǮӣʮþˣŵȽҵԩͷ˶ծٳ
˵꣬ĽҶȻ¹Ȼè壬˼Ƭ̣˼ǿ׳Ļƣֱȥ˶ķ
ķСͷĿ⹦˶¥ƽʱ͵ķ䣬ƼĽҶĻƣüë˶ү
ĽҶżɽ֮ϣˡ
û⣬Ӵ𣿡
ĽҶóһƱϣ⹦¶Ц⣬ƱЦ⽩ϣ׳һӣˣүأǫǷǧ򷢽лء
̵ĽҶǰĽҶɫ䣬˻֣ʾ˵,Ҳ˵ǳǫǷģ꽭֮ˡ
⹦ĽҶɫݣûа־⣬Щ⡣ղŵģ˵ʮĹˣٳӼҪŵöĽҶȴûаֱסӡ
⹦αϣֽдŽ֮ǫڳǫҲˣҲҽ֮˭
ĽҶݵǽ֮ǫҲͰˣݱôģ
⹦ɫ˱䣬һ㱣ҪȥŹ֤£ǫǺƭ֮ӡȻ;йµıǳǫӶġ
⹦һǺ⣬ֻ֪ǫǷ˶ķӣ˲ˣҪ֮
ĽҶ䣬ǺαأſɾͲÿˡ
⹦üͷ壬ûϵĽҶУЦһаźԩȥ˽֮᲻ȱ첲ȣɲһвӡ
ĽҶЦ⣬Ҿ֪صѰүұ޳ȫǳǫƣ˵ͲӣһСڳǽסţзеصģãʹһүξء
⹦һǫ˵ʵòӣŴӦ˿½֮ƽǮǰļƣӽǮɲףֵȥһɧˡ
ĽҶ⹦ɫ֪ǫծֻТүľǮǫǱߵծôҪͼҪ׻˵ܵ˺ܲ˶ڳǽסţαصղأ
⹦üëﵹʵЩĶˡճǫծٶҲǽϴò֣ĽҶȴʵʵĵ
İһǮҾͷˡ
ĽҶֻƽͷգѾ߾ȫ֮ˡ
⹦ĽҶ죬УҿҲˣɡ
ĽҶӹн֮ӡı飬˿֮ǰްٷְٵİգ⹦򶨵ģסˡ⹦ҪǧŷˣҲֻܸӣϾˣ⹦ǱԽ֮º֣ɵա
үƱ
⹦£ֽ£ĽҶԸȥѽ֮ҪЩʱ
ĽҶķȻרŹ˵ĵطҪʱ˵ؽ֮ĵطڳ⡣
ĽҶĬĬ˼¥´һƿһԭͷַܶǷĶĳһ¥һţһȺӴ˽ӵĿͷ׷״ӡ
⹦һ֣һ³ȥĻˣүүͷ϶֪֪ϴ˭˴һƬ
ȺӵͷźڼףһЦϴ󣬾չģ⹦˦һľС
⹦һֽסһ⹦򣿡ִ򿪺һ˲Ѫɫ˼ֱӰľ˦ڵϣ¼ѪŹһͷ­
һķƿýͷʧɫϴ󡱣ָͷֲסϴ󡱡
⹦ֱ۽ӣǿ֧Լûе£ϴڰԵÿĴٹ嶼Ҫֱ棬ôᡭ
˭˭ģ
ͷбۣ˦˦ĽҽмΣ϶ûҵͷү֪ɡ
⹦ʱңֲϴôңԭǵȨҶȻٲκϣүС飬ˣˡ֪үǰǺ⣿
ɫ񣬡ʲô˼ϴǰûծүķծ
⹦ɫЩֵܡ
һȥ⹦ߵһԶȻǹˣôŸүᣬеͲҪүھټǡ
⹦һ̶Ҳˣˣһߣ¼ҲˣӵĶķһʱֻʣ˼һˡ
¥ϵѪδǣȻȥɡ
ĽҶɨһ¥£⹦ѾԶˣ֮ǰԸȥ˵ĻҲˣü̸ĺúõģôôô⵵£Ʊˣȴûȳ
ĽҶű¥ݣߵǰλǶķµĶң


 7 

οĽҶЩ⣬û뵽ķﻹôĹҴô
ĽҶղ⹦Ľ׼˵һ飬Ʊˣ⹦ҲӦˣƫɹˣķһ»˶ң㿴¡
㲻ҷ˰ɣҿûƱ
ĽҶҧ֪ǲ̸̸֪ܷͬ
οĽҶ毺õ۾ͬ⹦̸ʲôҲģҪˣ⿿ƱɲУÿĿ⳯ĽҶ¿ȥһԵˣ׷¶ı顣
㡭ĽҶһ⻰֪ǹˣأҲӲӲģֻܴżȻ·
ĽҶıӰѵض˰죬Աһɫ¼״˵үҲˣкԺ˵˸ǽиɫ
һԴʲôأһûؾӪү㱨
¾̾үܼүˣлҪСģС¶¶
ȥģү˭𡱣һµƨɣȥлĽҶΣŵ⾩վ˽Ÿȥ
ε˾Ӫֻտյƽæڲʿˣֻʣص
ͷԣӭҶȻߵ̣үˣӪ˶ȥˣϹĵЦ
üӪȥĶܹܵŵġתŵȵ˭Ƿģصأ˵ܽ
ɫһڣԭ⼾ֻǽݵĻͷӣǡҶȻȥһ˷ˣЩ²ױ־͹˼εһ£̼ɫºݣ͸ɴؾǣЩϲ̨¡
뼾ȴˣûٴҶȻ̵һѵ⣬׹βһЩء
μ״̼нβֺͣõǶķ½ˣ㱨һ
̵ͷСӿ԰¹ġ
ֺõЦүʲôԸСĸ𶼸ˡ
һֵ£һ£һҲ¥¸ոսػֻǱߵ˳֣Ǿץ֤ݣ¥ƫԼˣ˵ʲôԼ
۾һүģСһøɾƯ֤˷ܵ뿪ˡ
ǱӰЦһλǲ֪أΪԼҪأΪ˳ʱ˶ףˡ
˵¥¾ͲýүŮǺµϱ˵үͬҶ˹ϵãҲֵ̨ϡ
ΰ°ˣҲּɣˣЦһһ徻Щ
λȥ̾ȥ֪¥ֻһʵȨƷĹٵŮջز¥ֻΪԼĲ̣¾ţûС»첻ɣ°ˣҪҶȻǰ¶̻ʲô
̴˼ȥˮڹ̨ĽҶһ㶣漴ЦۿԵּˡ
ĽҶиԤУ
ڹ̨ǰһåɣûʲôչ̸̸²¥Լ
ĽҶüЩⲻȴٿһҳ̣ԼһҲ¥ԼǵضҲ֣ٺʲѡַˡǲ¥ƹ񼸴ҪԼ屶ļ۸
ĽҶΪ˳Զ㣬һʱ򶯲ܾˡ
ڣĽҶ뵽ûѰصĽ֮ҪԼҲ򵥣Ҫ˸ңֱӸꡱ
һ㶣ķԭȿ۵ˣֱ̲֪ӣб˽ˣĽҶҪˣȻò
ΪĽҶʲôʸ̸Ҹ֪ʲôˣһǩԼҲˡ˵󼸸ˢĶ˵
ĽҶɨˣ¥ƹۿǮоһȺв涨ǬǲŻ˴ۡ
뵽ĸԼӱȥʲô˵£ĽҶɫһ䣬⣬ͷƹһʮ͵ˣʱߡ
˴˻һӣĻ˰ڷŲϵļӣ߿ΣĿ˼״ɢˡ
ǰɡĽҶŭѣãͱߣȥ١
Ц٣֪֪㵲˭·ˣ
СѾͷƬӣ˵ү𣿡ӣмɨԥ
үĽҶռڶķҲᵽү£ּεĵЭˣպлˣȥû𣿡
ҧҧȥɣΣǡСġײ˻ܰˡ
ʱεһ˽ڼζߵ˵䣬һɫһɨĽҶһۣһߣȥˡźƺƵһֱӾˡ
ճżͼδ˶ˣ۷ôȻˣղŵļƷǲ⵽¥ݡ
ĽҶüһ壬Ҳ弾ε·ʱĽҶȥϢС˽үˣ˵ھӵĳϼ
ĽҶȭ⼾λмˣֱȥ⡱ӳˣǴʡȥ˾׷ˡ
߼γˮսһӣŸղŵ̧һߣĽҶͬүմ״ʣô˵
»СҲǸ֪ģһ̸ͷˡ
͵һǽ֪ûģ϶֪Ĺϵⲻѣÿ֡
սսʵͷǣ
ɫ߷ߣȥ̣Ȼȥľ¥ſ
ˣôȥʲô
һۼϲƽɫµҪ˵ʲôһ£Ҫ˵ʲôȻ
йְײһ˵㰡ҧгݣ˵¾ȥҸ𣿡
üΣ㲻үһҧ˵ģôү㼸䣬⹷β;ҡˣ
㡭³ֱܹ裬ֱһȭȥһܿˣֳϴȥ
ʲôأһϵͣ񣬡үˡ
ֻ˸ߴӢ䣬īڽֻۣͨǶλ߱˵ơ
μ״æүˣСҪ桱һݺݵ˼һۣںƲߡ
ҶȻɨ˶һۣ˵
Сȥͬ¥̸ԼСĲֱ֪ȥˣ֪顱е⣬ҶȻߵû۸ˣ״ʲô
ҶȻ̣һǰȥ̸ˣôûף
ү֪ⷿ˵ʲôҲԼʹʲôҲûУͬԨԴҲ̫
ԨԴ
ǲ¥ǺŮޣȥԼŮλչͬմ״ʣͬס
ҶȻգԺȫȻ벻˶ҶˣȴҶû˿֣һθɣΪǾͳٳٸ㲻¥
̵ĶùˣɼȥӲģ֪ЧΣ
Ƥ߻˼а̼˵̹ⲻҶȻĿһɨȲһежΣչʵڿ̸ֱͬӰдͷҪСġ


 8 

ѾĽҶҶȻ϶˵ûɴˣ᲻ĹСҲǵһμݣСʵΪѡ
ҶȻתתϵָĵù˼ݣҪʱЩֶΡ
ڼ֮ǰӦ£үģһסβҶȻǳԸ̵͡
ҶȻףߣԶǰţүҵˣھһҿջ
ҶȻɫһ䣬·
ʵүȻرӪˣ
ҶȻҡͷʱȣ¸ɡһ㶣׹ҶȻ˵Լϲ
ջ⡣
ԶҶȻ棬ү˾棬ˣһ̶ֱӺһ·嵽˳⣬ǵǰˣˣ롱
涢ţ
Զͷǣץס˲ѣһֱʿд̣Ǵݾߣֱɱˣˮһˡ
ҶȻüܳĸ⼸ϣǾܾϹƵɧű߽ϸյܱʿͷƻڶд̳ѲĻϡ
Ѿץһʳ𾪲ѣ˴δ˴δɱжڴܳӦ˵λĸߣҰģӦϣλֻʿ֪߹ٵݣԽץҪСĽ¶ۼ
үҪҽȥ̶鷳ֳ㶯ٿ׼ʱó
ҶȻһ̣ҡͷϰۼ̫ˣʿһһģѵûôúŪ
۾һԼϷүȥɣûѧ䣬ǰһӣóˡ
ҶȻԥ֣ûϰ䣬Ҳ˾裬뵽ʱȣУһȥ
֪ʿЩ飬үҴ½ȥɣơ
̵ɼһۣ±˲֪Ԥı㵱Ҳ磬ȥ˸ɼܡ
ԥջ˿ȥֻһִ
ջڣĽҶƵϵӵ˵ʹˣⲻʲô
ֲָĽҶͱ򣬸˵ⲻ棬ˡ
ԭĽҶżƣڿջҵ˽֮̫Ž֮һһӣӾ̰ģĽҶʱ⿪߼Ҫ˰ŷˡ
ĽҶⳡ棬ȭͷΪ˽㣬ǧҲԸⲻԸⱻ˶ƣУȥ٣ү治桱˳ȥ
ҶȻĿ΢ǾõĻᣬһ̣׹үȥ족
ջӻĽҶ֣ϻһɫȴ̲ס飬ȷʵû˹µ̰˴Ӻģŵʡȥ߻ʵԶ϶£û뵽ĽҶôѲ
ȿȣҪⶶ
ĽҶӶɷ˿ڣ˫ԸȴǿɹƭˣŹӣָжҪܺ
Ӽ״Щżʲô˼ҪִǲǡĽҶƣȥ
סĽҶһųһǽסӣᣬֱһȥջһš
ʱŲˣλͷԱ߰참֪߳¾͹ˡ
ûϵô첶ͷˣŴ󺰣үûз£ġ
ྲ˻һԭĿջһַ࣬ʹ۾Ǿ衣
ô£
ĽҶȥ˵˳ҿϹµӡԣʮа˾ǷǷ˷ӣȥ١
óִ嵶ϣһʮĲͷơ
ֶ˶ӻͳһüأҪңֻһˡֲͳš
̽ӹ鿴û뵽ӳʱȻ˳ȥֲ׷˳ȥ
һɨ˿ʼȲ裬ĽҶأ
ںԺءջƹӹ磬үҴȥջȥ
ͷץˣܵõ족˽Գſڿȥ˵ʱʱ죬ͬڴߵĳȥ
˻عѱƷڵϣá
ĽҶ˿ˣü΢߹̵㲻ǲͷ
΢΢չģǻ͵ȥģ̇ͷ۶棬Ҽҹ룬ͷչƲ
ҶȻѴӰԶ֪ĽҶݣԱߵ¥ʿ㣬Ǹսػ񣬱չﲻԼץʿڳ
ԶЩԥռҲͬҶǱôչҲչײץסʿ
ҶȻƯ۾Ŷ棬˼
үҰչˡүֻʣһʿûץˣѾˣܿѾ˳ǣ̲ݻֻп¥ץˡ
ҶȻͷ֨ѽһƿֻһŲ֦÷ȹʩۣ֬ˮܽأ¶ˡ
ĽҶ֪˵ݣ˼Σ¥˲ˣһٿʵҶȻûǵĻͷӰɣװĵģ
ҶȻһۣ̬ȳϿҵذ֮ǰ¥ƹ˵Ļ˵һ飬ĽҶ⿪ۣԸֱ²¥
ĽҶݣŲԸҪǮҽнΪ£Ѿ˵˺ܶˣ˵һ飬Ҳ⣬ǸϽߡ뵽Ϊ¥αɧţĽҶɫ
û뵽õĴ𸴣ڨڨر졣үڳĽҶΪ˲ҶȻⳤӡ
ҶȻĽҶԲҲˣ
㡭ĽҶɨһϵĲ֪ǲʲôˣȼٰ粶죬ֿвҡ
ˣղѾɻȥˣһٸ˾ͻ˶ߣֱȥ˾ˡĽҶһЦػһΣ¿ɽˡ
ҶȻӶĽҶûɣղŮ˵ʲôˣȥˣݲſ۸߰ҲûС
㡭ĽҶȭͷղ֮ˣǱ߰񻯣Ժܲʶ˵ˣôƾ١
ĽҶƽ·˵ܿ۾ܿ۵ġ
ЩƣĽҶǲ֪ҶȻְж𣿾ȻɾǺպүܲſ۸ˣѵǰү֪ͬһӺȾơ֪ΪֺҶȻźҶȻүү
ĽҶһ䣬ǰʾѾ֪лˣƽЩԱɣͬ¥֮ʮа˾Żᱻ¡
ʱ־Ϳ϶ָϣΪ˻Ҳ̫ȥѰҶ˰æĽҶҶȻһۣ˼Ƭ̣¥Ҳ⡱
̳һ¶ĽҶغ״չԼһ꣬㿪ۡ
һǧ
ͷĽҶǸүˣûп߼ۣűһ䣬ƽ𡱡
һǧƽ


 9 

̺ͰԶ𾪣˼ؿĽҶڴܳһƽʮĽҶҪһǧƽ൱һھĵشºü¥ˣοĽҶֻǳ¥һ꣬ôߵļĪǿҶȻ
ĽҶ̣ĿԴƵؿҶȻܿвôܽһʡ
ҶȻĽҶһۣϺүٲӣҶүȴֶͬӱࡣҶȻʣԼҲ֪һû뵽µϱôӡ
ӭĽҶĿ⣬ҶȻȻ̣Ʊ͵ոȥ
粻ڸ͵ǰֵˮĽҶ̹Ȼزһ䡣
ֹĿ⸴ӵؿĽҶ˷ţתҶȻүںչǲû¡
ҶȻɨһۣû뵽ĽҶ˵̵ǲĹˣûչĶϱʲôƷ񣬱ʣµһʿܲץߣȥΡ
ĽҶ󣬲ͷҲˣһʻ󣬲ͷץӣѽ֮˶ˡ
ſڣ᰼Ž֮ϲˡ
үҲſڣԭ᰾òĽҶ˴ŲĻǰ˳һˣСȥű˵ĽҶͻˡ
ȷ꽭֮ݣлĽҶɶչȻ֮Ҫܶٿࡱ
ĽҶܣֻΪ˾Ƚ֮ˣ˸мչģǼᰶõĺӣô
Ŷ˵תͷȥֻ֮ͷɫЩˣΪ˾˶ٹһллҲûУֻŸĸϱл˵ҹʵֻųûȡ
ĽҶˮǩԼ󣬿һƱİھĽӣͨһȫĳӡ
ӯ񻨴£ĽҶųʽ۾̾㻭ĿʽҶھǼȥ𣿡
ĽҶطëʣһأȻҪúơ´֪ķη糱,ʱ׬
⼸ȥ鷻ȴȥٿĲġ
ԺϴθĽҶˣ»飬ĽҶոҪȵСˣͰԺҲʲô£ƽ͵ǲ
⼸ź͵ѩĪۻˡ
Ц£ͬ˵˵Ҫ񸻹ģ˵һյĻ͹ͨջü꣬ôĥǮ
˭㣿бһۣȥôʲô
ϣģ϶͵һ̳˶š
ϽԺӣ񣬡ͬʲôأ
Цôʵ۵ˣôôͷĶӣͬҶӵĻء
üԭҲΪ϶޸ҶݣϾ綨µĻ£Щüͱսˣʲô׼˵
ģôû𣿡ӹϣӣʱȥԷ
ĽҶȹ㵽ѾǰһĽҶЦվĽˣ
ĽҶ쳣Цݣһ񺮣Ǵʲô⣿
һ־ͽ࣬һϻʱµŮĽҶһꡣ
߳ԷߴĽҶž⣬żȻײĽҶߣ̵ͷһּĽҶ
ĽҶֻ֣Ժ÷־͹ȻסĽҺĸͬ
ĽҶɫƽ뽲
־һʮˣҲʮˣ˸ö׵ͣͬݵ綨ˣøײģľЩѰˡ
ĽҶţ־ǿиɣʵţЩȫմĹ⣬˳˳ˮƷĹٵλãﲢʵȨҶݲźҶû˵϶־ֳ׮£źҶݲأȻΪ־ṩˡ
˵ռҵŮǰ˿˽ŮռҶݲҲˣϲҶܸ־ʹ;ϵ֪ҶŮҪ߼޺ôԸԼŮ޸ͨĹٻ˼ңƴžҪ߼ޡ
־ͿĽҶͷ˼ϱҪԷҵףЩԸöȶûҪŮ֪ⷿﾹûһõóֵġ
Ľ㿴ͬݵ綨ˣң϶̲ĳԴöȣݶȥǰѼױ㣬˵ҶҴĶαִȥأǵǼױˣ̸˼ҲЩ
ĽҶµ־̸ױ£û뵽˵αذҶݵļױٴȥô޳ܵĻǸ׵˼ǣ
־ͼĽҶɫƽûԤϵĲԸϴЦ⣬Ҳ٣ⷿõЩϲľˡ
ĽҶĿһվ࣬ĿͷϵΣ׹ԭղųԷʱһֱļء
ʲôһЩ߲ͣԹ־ͣ׵ôƫģͲŮˣⷿļױȻŮһһˡ
⻰ĽҶЩЦϾƤҶݵ޶ռҵĲƲ
ЦſĽҶҶ󣬴ױĿⷿԿ׾ֱܣǺģպҪĽҶȥȻĹϼȥܾˡ
ĽҶھͲһˣӶͷˣǵū˵ϿĽҶ毺õò浾飬ŵЦЦһʮСѾͷӦײˡʱҪⷿԼŮҶЩֵǵζŮޡ
ĽͻСЩ²һᣬȥ˺պίˣֻܸңȵпõʱ˶϶ͷ
Ͽе˶׸˼ڵǰǰȥɽ졣
ĽҶϲɫа˼ŶԲߡ
ϼĽҶٳٲ𣬡ĽֺαСЩ㿪ӿ˲ǮûҪ㶼Ҫˣô㲻ֵǮСⶼ᲻á
ĽҶ۾˶ǴͬƣٻˣΪױ伫
ڣȻֵǮֺαؿҪأ
㡭еĳ֮⣬һ죬ܿ¶Ц⣬֮以ĲӦõĽôӣѵĿ׼Ҿ߶ûͳޡ
ġĽҶɾһ⻰ϣϲüңʼҪĽҶļΣȻֻ˵ÿⷿޣҪĽҶɺ챦ʯͷ棬ҲɣĽҶôΣ߼ֺη
ĽҶϹЦ⣬ǰһȥľʦһϺõļҾߣñƲ㡱
һ㶣˵˰ôƻĽҶû˵ֻ׼ҾߴĸŮĿ¶׹⣬һ׼ҾֵӣȲϿⷿİ䡣
үôƫġίؿ־ͣһŮºãױ࣬һ˵Ϻ˼ңļױҲûС
־Ŀ˸ֵ޵ĺˣЯЯң˶λϰˣҲȥ
ĽҶ̧ۿˣ⻰


 10 

־ѵҶݰѼױĽҶ𣬲ΪԸ棬װͿˡ
־һֱûױǲԸ񣬵дһֱ䲻ȣȰ߼ޣռ·־ͱԥˣ˽
־͵˼ĽҶڣҲԸĸҵļױ㣬ֻ˵ĸ׵Ҷ̫̫ѡģкЩƷҵĵʱ̫̫òɾ鷳ˡ
òֻ̫̫ǹҵûʲô¹ֵռͷϡ޸ˣԺĺӾǺŮҲҪһ游ġ
־һĽ˵ʱ϶Яң
ⲻǱȻĽԸ׺͸磬ǰ˭ĽҶɫίǲ˵ʲôײ㲻Ľ
־ɫ鼤ôᣬĽִ֪磬ΪĲã硱
Ͻŵס־ͣү
ļױȻ£Ľĸļױ˭Ҳ־ɫϣвȴҲ÷ֻĽҶһۡ
־ʹ棬ٸ߼ޣԷŵڱȲĽҶ׼־ȻĸŮ֮ԺʲôȲ;ҪĽģ׸øļױ٣һޡ
ĽҶлͳݣȥЯң޸Ҷݣ־Ҫˮһˡ
ߺֻĸŮˣˣҲ̲סˣ㲻˵ĽҶ϶ӦôˣһûҪ׺챦ʯء
ָû뵽Ȱ־ôãĽҶ˵˼䣬־;͵ˡΪĽҶҪ߼޺ŮĵȲҶݵŮҪѹš
ס֣ģһСѾͷƬӰˣһʰˡݺݵضĽҶȥıӰа㡣
һĽҶȥ󣬱żԺרоʽ
ѻɲᣬ̾ĻԽ߳ˣЩλÿ
ĽҶƳ£ЩȹΣԼĲ鷻ξҪˣƣļҴεʦպã
գ϶ʦˣǼǮ̫ߣ֪ҲмҲӣǮʵЩƴչ˿ͼƵ̫ˣƳʦҶ򲻳
Ǿȥ󡱡
ƾȣɱҲ̫ˣֻǴȹãܻر𣿡
ĽҶڣëϣιȹȻҲˡˮǼƣ¿Ĳ鷻ר߼۾Ʊµĳ£Ȼܲˡ
ĽҶȥ󣬺ųƾǵһ¥Ȼ鴫ʶʦɶ칤պĽҶˬظ˶
üûгŵĽҶ˳ڽϹ˹䣬ЩµȳϹʱԱߵﴫ
ĽҶ˼̽ͷһ۵ĹӸΧһŹмһģӣ˱ڵϣ˵ȭţֻܱͷ
ӣǳдǳʲôˣΪܿˣޣǲҶҵֻһء
ƾһҶӡ
ĽҶǼ˼϶пȥñ׵ĿɲҶ۸ڶ԰Ҷݡ
ûܵĳ棬ЩֺأЩţô죬ҪҪҶӡ
뵽һҶݶĮ飬ĽҶ죬Щֻ
ҶݣܣŲԵ±Թˡ
ĽҶɨŹҶݵļˣǸ߸ĺǿĴӣںʱЩֵǹӣ˵ҲǸ첻ߵġһȥĽҶϵЦݺȻһͣôҲ
ϴλҽüȥͣˣΪľǱܿ룬صޣû뵽ˣƣˣߡ
ЩԥȰҶҲǹ磬ֶ̫̫Թôá
ĽҶͣ½ŲҶǻˣҶݵĸףҶ̫̫ȽƴȴǼõġ
ԥ䣬ǼӸƺˣҶţһͷˡ
͵ڶ̫̫ϡ
ҶݺƵ˹Щȡ
ȻˣĽҶֻ˳һҶݹȻˣһһ顣
Ҷǿӣǽߣ뵽ղĽҶ򣬶һȣЩҲסչңﴫˡ
ĽҶһ֣˭Ҫչˣղű仨ˮһͿʼˣû
ƣߡ
ƼĽҶŲֻøȥ
Ҷһ㶣ΪĽҶᾪʧ룬ξܾһ˿ڣ꺮ůģôˣ
Ҷˣʵڲֱӻظ㺰ռҽ̳ĹĮ𣬼ȡ
ĽҶתҶڻܺôԶء
ҶݱĽҶ٩ֻˣòͷҺôǱã鷳չȥ
ãĽҶŪϵ壬ҿɼǵǰãҶӲұ硱
ҶɫΣʱΪֺѩȷʵô˵ˣֻû뵽ĽҶڻǵáҶݰƢҪչԸæ
ĽҶ۾תתһǧ
Ҷݾ㵣Լˣһǧ
ԣһǧƱҾȥ㴫
Ҷݲ˼ĽҶ־ҲƷĹ٣ôŮôӡ
ĽҶԥȥҶȭһǧһǧȥͰ¸ĸףǻȢĽҶ
УȥС˸ȥ
УȸӡĽҶһҶƷĲΡ
ҶҧúĹӣĽҶˡˣֻý壬ȥٽǼҵ̣ٿԵһǧ
ĽҶؿƽӹ壬ȥ洫ҶݵֻĸԺ˴ˣҪˡ
ĽҶЦҶҲн졣ոĽҶóȥҶſڵСȥǰԺĶү˵Ҷ幫ͬ˶Ź
ظĽҶԺ᲻᲻̫ãҶ֪ˣ϶Ϲġ
ĽҶڵؿϣҪľҶȻô˻顣
ĽҶȻԵãһߵĳдֵòɿ̫̫ȽƻظҶѾ²ɫ԰ףǿſڴϡ
ҵĶ㣬ôˡȽڴߣۣȥͣһ˵ϺүҶ˼ҷ
￴ȽƼҶݱȫˣﺬᣬĸҶİӣϺүͿǵã򡱡
ҶݲС˳ֵҶûֻ֣ЩƤˣҪ֮ǰ롭
סڡҶһɳ֣ڨڨر졣
Ƚ˶£ݶûˣô£


 11 

ҶΪίĸ׵Ĺģ̲סˣ˽ӣ̲ס˼䣬ǾӣʹԺѧ˹ңһ١
Ƚû뵽Ϊ£үҶȻϺүЩһֱҶȻ˾ˣЩȵĹӸǱ䱾شҥˡ
붼ѫӵܣͬҶһںԺ顣ԺЩӸûѧʥ֮˵µûⲻǳдʽ΢ֱӴˡ
Ƚ̾˲۽ǵᣬĲְȨƣЩҡҶݳĬ£ֵϺү㣬ֻΪСģү϶ȥ룬ָġ
ҶݲݣصĽҶֻԺӴãүүһˣ˵Ϻү깫ȫǶ֪򲻹ȥҳ״ô졣
Ҳǣ֪Ϻүϲ壬˵ָͲˡȽЩƽϺүŭҶȻ˽ӣȴҶϡ
ҶֳŴľ壬һȥӾ
Ƚһ˵ʲôأҶҼĹ٣Ǹѧʲô
ҶƵھ󲮷ͷȲ壬𣿡
ȽһĥǣĪ˵ҶˣȲҶȻһڳеƣοرʥ졣
뵽Ϻү̬ȣȽҡҡͷݶ֪ȥûϾƲ˺þãôеģʮ壬ٶ࿼Ρ
ҶݴԴĸ׶֧֣˵׺үǹˡ
Ϣȥ㰾㲹⼸ͱȥԺˡȽߣҶݽס
˻顱
ȽƾȣôˣϻؼͬĽͦõ˵ĽôġĽҶ̫̫ҶݶµģȽһ泤˼ֻǸƷٵŮ뽫ȢŹŮѹסĽҶں˿ǳТ˳浾ȽƺϲŮȻּˡ
Ҷ뵽ĽҶʱҧϲң֮ǰЩĽװġ
ȽƲţСĽ캰磬ô᲻ϲ㡣СӣɫôĽһܲˣԼ֮ǰʲôԣ˭ҹһֱƨɡ
Ҷһ֮ǰҲĽҶǹע⣬ôݣʵڲ
ȽѭѭգҪ˻˿ɱڣĽԴϻڵƻ¶ռ׵˿ɲ٣֪лԼ˲ɢȥĽòԸ֪֪ףôõĹ
ȽһᣬҶԺо͸ĽҶ޶˵ӣǹΪˮɳˣǳˡ
ҶһĽҶǹΪ˻񲻾⡣뵽ĽҶƵҶݺһô˵С꣬ȢؼʰãŮӼȻҪԷΪ죬ʱҪֺѩ濣Ҳޣʱ̧Ϊ檾ˡ
ԭҶϲиԵĹ֮ǰĽҶ̫˳ӳĻֻȤĽҶ뷨跨Ҫ˻飬Ҷ¡
ȽƼӲ˵سȥҩˡ˵ĽôɫĹ˭᲻ϲ֮ǰǲϣͨˣҲˡ
ĽҶȫȻ֪Ҷݵ仯ֻæԼӡ
ô£һһòĽҶ˱üϸԽԽˣôȹƵøˣȥˡ
Ļ鷻ƹȥˣ˵ѩ·Ķѩн¿һҲѩʽհǵģֻõĲϺβЩ۸ֻҪǵһ룬˿ͱ㶼Ƕˡ
ĽҶ˿ڲ裬֪ϻҴѩ濵ıھŮʧѩ濶ᱨ𣬹ȻϺϾˡ
⻹ĽҶЩԽϾò鷻뾩ǹŮȦӣѩ濵ĵͼģĽҶƵȹֳƽΣǰ
ĽҶ˼ŶԲߣѾ߽ѹʰˡ
ʲôģĽҶȻʵ
СѾ߿ȥͻСĽҶһʣɪŲ˵ͣ£ԭڳЩӻϸӺ첻˰ɣܼҼģҲɾͲԺˡ
ĽҶһֲֻҾء
ڶգĽҶµĻȥϻذεʦ˿ֽϴɸӶˣǺ㴵ģҲֻʦۺӣǮҪϴε
ĽҶ˿ȣҳı۸ֻǶһҪ󡱡
뽲
ֻģպҪһģʦܾ
ʦۺӵĶһ٣ǵûأʲôͼʹʲô˵صزĸӡ
ĽҶͼһģҲģкأ
ʦҡͷͺñȹҴΣһʽʱﶼˣΪһ˲⣬Ͳ˴ˡ
ĽҶ̾ʦôôظʽȻûʲô⡣סѩ濵ͼģ£ֻȹ¹ˡ
ƵøӶأȹϵͼںһζ뵽ȹǳĲˡ
ؼľҪһ޶ĽҶͼƵúܸӣֻҪʦӦѩļƻͳɹˡ
ĽҶȰεô˵ˣ̧˼۸񣬿ɶʦҡͷֻ˵ûĹأܴӦ
ĽҶε𻭸壬ݸ񣬡ˣȻȥɡ˺
չΣ̼ĽҶЩͷɥôչҪʦҲ򲻳
ʦϹϾûе£ֻλҪʽٸ˴Ұذֻܡ
ĽҶӡǲϻؾͬͷ˵䣬֮ôųŵȺ󣬱ԼѴ˵˳Ҳô鷳ģһֱбҳϮҲӡ
һЦչǱѩҿ϶벻ôķӡתʦչô˵ˣհ족
ʦͷүģͬʦ˵ȥͬչһβ׼ӡ
ĽҶ죬ոշѾ࣬ʦҡһ仰ͽˣ
㿪ģ
ҡͷүӣֻƽʱæ
үϴǸɷյˣĽҶ˫ȴ˪ӣҡҡͷ̧ۼ̽ؿЦӯӯΣҪлл㣬û㣬¿ɾѰˡ
̰֣ĽҶϴڿջײץסһʿСæʲôչﲻлңҪллүɡ
ĽҶЦһȻҶȻûкӡ󣬴ʦ͸Ӹˡ
̿ıӰЦζ˼Ƭ̣ǾҶȻ֮ˡ


 12 

ĽҶظ󣬳ϵԺʳУѾߣصصĽҶ
ûˡЦŵ˵ⶼãҳ춼ڼţֲõҸѧء
ĽҶȣղֺˣҪ֪֮ǰǼʣ¶Ҫռˣھתˡ
ĽҶ˵Ȼˣòңǻڹ𣿡
֮ǰǽ㲻ã꣬ΪСͬó족˵žдҪĽҶǸ
ĽҶǰסˣ֮ǰĽçײǿִĪҲǡ
ЦְʳеݸĽҶ˵˺üϺõʳҵȥ
ӼһԺӾѾ߰ʳȥˣޣ֮ǰû۸ϻؾͰүĲƥƥ⸱ʵģ֪ʲôء
ĽҶЦ˳۾⣬һ¾Ϳˡ
ĽҶϣЩ⣬Ҫģƭˡ
ĽҶϵصͷ۸ֶֻ̫ͼҪ־ʹشΣЩ޹شŵС£ͬԵҲһСˡ
˵ҲȱԴöȣҶׯÿĶ־ʹĺöˣȻͲƽˡ
ǳˣȻָ㡣ϻûױ˿϶ˣ˻ǽ˼˵׼ʲôĽҶĿ⣬ڼһ˵Ѿϡ
պҶ̫̫ĹأЯҶŮȥ𣬳իҲĽҶ
ĽҶ̫̫ԣͬһ˵Щģź̫̫סֵķ𷨣ĽҶ̫̫ԺҶһŮ졣
ĽҶһ㶣ôҲ
ҶݲĽҶĿ⣬һЦĿ繡
ĽҶд˸սҶôˣһֱһĮ
ĽˡȽƿĽҶЦݿɴ˵ҲŰͰ͵ظˡ
ҶϹЦĿƵسĽҶ˹⡣
ĽҶֻһ񺮣ҶʲôأܲΪı̬ˣ
һ뵽裬ĽҶķҡͷҶһбơ
ҶݿĿԽԽȣĽҶϵЦݿҪҲסˡ֮ǰҶݲһ˰ѶϷݵýζΪľǵʱ˻ˣҶҳ⣬ѴҶͷϡ
ڶҶݴģĽҶʵݲȥһϵһֻ˸ڣҴҳӡ
áʳйչȣĽҶ⾪ϲһȥѰأôֱˡ
ĽҶΪҶݵ̬ͷۣȥǰݽͯŮ˳ƵҲˣôȥǰ𷨡
ĽҶ̬ȵת䣬Цŵöѽĸǩܵ͵
һ죬ĸ׹Ȼû˵ĽҶһδСѾͷõͻϵشʳС
쵽ˣˣҴЩ÷ȥȰɡ
ĽҶԥˣʲô
ͬҿʲôأǶء
ĽҶתͷʾ⣬ѾǰӹʳСΪ˷룬ĽҶƣֹȥˣƼ¡
ˣҸղſҲˣ㽭ҷ˰ݷءòƲص
ģĽҶϲᰳ޺󣬰زӶٻؼңѵмᣬˣĽҶȻҪ죬ģǰԺ𣿡
룬ںԺ߰ɣҸոմϢӳ¿ģãҴȥɡ
áĽҶȸԾȥ
⿴ĽҶϵµȹ֬壬һ˿ʡ
Ƕ־͵ŮƾʲôĽҶ׾ոʳţȴҪ˽Ůͷ˰ꡣòϳ־ңȴǱȲĽҶ޸˼Ҷѡ
ݶ˫ȭţָݽصĲĽҶͳдĻԼ
ܿһжҪˣЦЦĸʵڴһСȹ˽գĽҶ˵޸ҶݣǼ޸ƽͷնѣʱֻܿٻ󣬽ʳˡ
뵽һ̧ͷʱǲõЦݣãߡ˵ƿ˳ĩβһš
ĽҶɵؽȥˣСѾҲŽȥˣɨûˣĵذŹϣʹ˸ɫ
ĶĽҶܣûƼˡ
G֮ǰѽڴصж
´ʳиͳľءһݺݵȥϵĽҶû£㵣㣬㡭Ӧ˹ȥ
ѵһľڵϣ²ӹ£ū澶ˣū澸ĸһֻһӡ˵ձڵϿͷ
ĽҶɨڵϵĲȥҰҪٸʮ㸸ĸ뿪ǡ
ллϲΪĽҶ֪ľͲŹû뵽ĽҶһ·
¸յԺĽҶ;Щ죬ϸһ룬һ޺һϯ˼޸ƷСٵܸ߼ޣ䳰ȷͬߵѾ߳ˡѾ߲ͻȻԺ¡
ĽҶԭ㾲䣬Щ²ŸıˣֻɺԺʾúĽҶȷĸŮһıɴץµĸĸвʵ˽
ĽҶü˼ôʰ̯ӣûи㣬ô죿
ֻýźι֮ҾͲ֪ˡʵ˵
⴫ϸĽҶţһЦ˳
һѾװĽҶû²ŷû˹Ҳ˵һҵ¡˵ջ˦һӡ
ĽҶ̿ΪѾҧˣֻܴһѾߣΪ˷ֹ⣬ǽ
֪ĽҶҪ½죬ѡ뵽ŮϢĵطһСȥȥע⣬ҪŮװ˶Ŀ
ĽҶֲ֧߷ߵȥ书Ѿߡ
˲ԼͿ֬۵ҸղŶڼɽ淢ʲôĸŮ̫ˡ
˵գӼɽϳһ廨ӣӿĽҶǾ֣ƴ
ĽҶϳոԺӻӣв⣬ʲô㣿
ذףӲϣóĲ˵ոͬ߻Щʲô
ӱذŵòҶĹԸģ޹أֻ¡
ϻʲô˵һϡ
Ĺ˵˵ѾźˣֻҪǺºҩ٣١


 13 

ĽҶɫ䣬ʲô
ɪɪ΢΢ٰͣѹϽȥˡ
˶ذףʼĩʵʵ˵
ԭ֪ĽҶҶ̫̫£㰲˰һлĺй˶Ժ
°ĽҶκ󣬾ͰѶ˹صһ䣬ĸŮ¡Ϊľǳ׵׻ĽҶĽҶĻԼ޸Ҷݡ
ĽҶ۵ϲĵӣתͷֿεڵϵֲס
ˣµ⣬ڵڵϵľ˰ɡĸŮʵںݶտʼµ˿뻵⽫İӹصһ
ûϵ˱ĺˣƽҪء
ĽҶ侲ǺȻ˹Բĵӵҷһ
ӶͷʯϣѾѪ
ɰ󡱡
һ㶣Щףذף˰
Ͱԭһ顱
һ㶣ûףһĽҶ˼ҪǷ֪ˣĲҵġ
֮󣬾ǣӲġ
ԭŵ̷ˣһԭΪ˿϶Ҫû뵽һǰϵڵӣִӻͳҩ
ˣǺӾƾˣͻˡ
ĽҶ˵ͷһȥǰϣ˵ˡ
ҪҲȥһţ˿Ǿ͡
ȥѻˣֱӸҵǣ·ȥˮ֧һӡ
СһסҪȻҶ̫̫Ƕ
ĽҶڰ֣ȥɡȻҪ￴ϷˣĸŮԸ
ԶĽҶ߽ɽʯͷ϶⿴ȥһӴϵﴫ
㣬ôĽҶءſҡ
ԭŭȣǿĽҶտʼЩ̣뵽ֻһ㱻ŵ˾ĽҶһӲȵˣҪ
˵һξеڶΣĸŮȻ˼βɣֻ֮иܴδζס
ĽҶսȭͷԸˣҪö˵ֶΡ
ԶŮ˵ͷϣôô
һͣ½Ųﴫʲô죬徻֮أôڴй֮¡
ϲüң⼸°òһ˦ȥ˭ѽ˭ѽô֪߳ܡ
Աһλ̫̫ס˰ɣȥסɡ
׼׼˵ˡϴֻǴϵ˷ܵһţȻ߰׻壬дϲҶҪ֪Ůộˣڵ¶ðɡ
ļҵСѽ͵顱ˣļƻǰĽҶıȣ˵Ƕĺйңǽ壬ˣ벻ԾˣҶļױȫĸŮˡ
ҡҡͷԱһλ̫̫˵ϵˣһ̫̫ǣŮ
ĽôܣװȵģϿȥԭֻɫ˲ףôᣬôǵ
ڵ߷߲ѣƴƫƫǻҩôΧҲ㣬ƷһŤ
ϼһȥϴקƿУſſĶŮ죬ֻѾߣû˺˼ȥĺУֻԶԶţȥǰ溰ס
һţһţɽĽҶһ鸴ӡ
һĽҶԺиһ⣬Ϊʲôһһ̫һˣһҲĸŮûйҸ
ĽҶһԺϸĲͬһ泯ɽһͷȥѵˣ֮ҲӦˣûΪѹĸŮô˼º֣
һͶĽҶֵ˵۾ٶмӰ
أոտŻһƬôͲˡͷĺ˶ݺݵϸѣٻܲԶġ
ĽҶڼɽҳ˸õɷ࣬ץˡ
ĽҶԸԭ·أɽһͷ϶Ϊ¼ɹ΢һ룬֪ķƣڻȥ൱ʵһ㡣
ʱ䣬ɽû˶ĽҶ̽Դ˿ֻ֦ƽ˾첽˳̫̫ȥ
վסð˳סĽҶȥ·
ϴǸҶСӡ
ͷĺ˶ݺݵضĽҶ´˵˲ȥˣ
ˣҸմӼɽûҪҵˡĽҶŵץס°ڣͽôûߡ
һѳ彣ĽҶƽѽΪҸҽӦɻˡ
ĽҶֻԼù͸ǰƣת֪ðķͽ϶Ҫҵ˵ͬ
Ű׻λεĽ⣬ĽҶȥ治֪˵˭ǸųдŮģȥǰʡ
д¶һȻ˵Цݣ˦˦ɿ쳯ĽҶĽҶܣȻһգʯɶ
ĽҶһΣӦɽȡ
Χ˹ֻһСڵʧɽдеľ䣬Щ£ϴ󣬿ղǼƣû书ǲˣ
ͷĺһΣǳдˣ˾ˡ
ѣҲˣͻȥӣ˷£ҾͲţҶĻб²ˡ
ϼɽϣΧ಻ɽлơ
ĽҶ۾ֻͷͣʹ˿ϵȹմ˲֦˼ӣԵЩǱ
ĽҶͷȥֱֻͱͨոˤĵط֦ӳֻܿ¼¶
ĽҶ˶죬ôߵĵطˤȻû£Ǻýƽһ̣ΪԼˡû뵽ɽȣܼһ
ĽҶܣ²Լˤʱ֦ס䵽Ĳݵϣûд󰭡
ĽҶȹͿʼȥǵǴ¶ϵɽôӦܳȥɣ
ĽҶȻһţͷһïʢӲݴоһˡ
ĽҶ˺󼸲ƫƧɽôˣ
첻ԷжĽҶ׳ŵӿַ̲ݣֻһӣüĿ
ĽҶԭΪɽԷ򣬻߸ũûԤϵῴôſ˫ӡ
ĽҶ˿òԽԽЩϤƺǰü
ĽҶ룬ԺкȻү֡
ԣⲻϻƱˣĮĻͷ


 14 

һžȽ֮ĽҶֻвҶȻɶδϸģ
ҶȻڲݴУɫ԰ף˫۽գȻ޵ո߸ϵģĽҶ˺һŽϵ
ĽҶ֮ǰڼɽˣ˵ԷٻĿƣȻ϶ദˣ˵أһ˽ȥѪȾһƬ۽ǡ
ԭѽĽҶ˲ͨˣЩаŮ޶ڿ˽Թ׷ɱˡ
ĽҶ̾ϧôƤң䵽ͷϡתȥûĳԵ±Թ¡
̫бɽǰ߲ȥɽȿɾΣˣ±ڽ⣬ɽָƧҹ޳ûˡ
ŮӯԶȥ
ӵȲѪմԱߵݣҡҷԱߺȻ˺ɫȹڡ
ĽҶѲҩȵ˿ϣѾҪˣϾһ˿еٻǾ綾ⶾɣҶȻѾιȥˣֱˣûˡ
뵽̷ʦͬרŴΣ˵ҶȻ,ҲӰ
ĽҶ㻹۷ˣ·ѰЩԽⶾĲҩҶȻϡ
˴ԼʱҩЧҶȻ۾ĽҶһ˲䣬Ŀ¶׹⣬°һ˦¶һذֱӵĽҶϣ˭ģ
ĽҶǲ۾һŲҩ֪첻ǺˣĹΣõָţ߷ߵ㣬˹䣬ײһˣýΧ£Сˤ
ҶȻĽҶ毺õӣϻ˵ĺıҶݵδޣذ׻ǽţôߵɽϵôû£
ĽҶûش⣬ҶȻѪȵû£ùĹԼȣٲⶾƾͷˡ
ҶȻŸܵϴĴʹѪɫЩڣѵֶʵ򲻹ʹڷϴ㶾
ĿͣĽҶƬ̣ҶȻջذס
ĽҶ뿪᲻ɽڿˣͷӲû»õָ
ĽҶ߷ȥ洫˺ҩԽⶾ
ĽҶֱ뿪뵽Σ˰ˣ͵̵ϣŲֻʱ⣬Ǻ˵еٻ崫ľ綾ǽⶾˣ㱣סҲˡ
ٻҶȻɫ˱䣬̧ͷĽҶԽԽԶôߣ߲ȥġ
ĽҶֻҶȻǺˣ뿪·ˣҲùͱ
ºƬɽֽäɽ·᫣θӣǧɽһ棬һû߹߲ȥҶȻˣֱֱͦţͳλߵƱˡ
ĽҶͣסŲܿȥȻľӳֲոΪ߾ܳȥʵ̫ˡ

ҶȻûС
ĽҶҭ˵ô߲࣬ȥ
ҶȻĽҶ񣬡ûа취Գȥ
ĽҶ߻㲻˵û߲ȥ𣿡
˵һˡҶȻɫһгģ
ĽҶŲһ٣˻Ǻ޳ܣǱŷӿԼһ㡣
һذͻȻǰĽҶԵغҶȻָָԱߵİ֦ȳ
ĽҶǹںԺŮӣ֦ĻҶȻĻǿǿһѾεľ
ҶȻĽҶذ׵ƣ˼ӹȺûޣľվ
ĽҶЩ˼ذϵıʯذֻõղһСӣ˷һѺõ
ĽҶոӵĲҩݸҶȻԷ۵һ̣̲Ŀ⾯ؿĽҶ֡
ĽҶüǹŮͷôһŮӣ֮ǰΪٻȥˣϵ˿ڷ˵ҩˡ
ҶȻɫл۾һ۵ϣʾĽҶѲҩŵǶ
ĽҶĿ¶ɻ󣬲հˣҶȻٴӵϼҩ˿ڣ̾ǸˡͷӲöǷŵһλôһﻹ
ҶȻ°˺һ鲼˿ںüľӭ̫˲ⷽλŹȥĽҶ󼸲ں档
˰ʱĽҶʶäɽɽвľ鲼ŨУ˷ֲ巽
ҶȻ߱;ľǺţ߻ؿ۵ľԣĽҶ⣬̾һֱߣߵֱߣôֻˣ
ҶȻַľǰ֣˼תȥ˲һͻص˸ղĽҶҶȻĵط
ĽҶʧԭôã⸽
ҲˡĽҶۼˣ˲ֱ̬ڲݴУҾҼѰҡ
ҶȻһۣһ䣬ɽ￴ֻˡ֮ǰķһ鷽ѡһ·ֱˡ
ĽҶȻ֪̫̫벻ɽУô˵ֻΪ̽ҶȻ
ֱղҶȻ֣ͼıղҶȻѾȰһֿҶȻں߿ˡ
ĽҶ첽ȥҶȻ⣬ֻרŷ
αȸղǴߵ˳ˣ˵һƻǵ˳ˣԼʱڽ˽ҰũҵĴ̡
ĽҶɣɽ·ߣȶʹڲסĵȸԾڳˡ
ҶȻڣһ룬Զء
ô᣿ĽҶ̽Դ¿ȥҶˡ
˰ʱ̫Ѿ䵽Ұϣׯľ뿴ȥͬղŲ࣬ĽҶҶȻĻвӽ߲ȥˡ
ҶȻȻԤϵһ㣬ҵһڲŵɽȻطԸĽҶȥ
ҶȻûѰ˼ҰĽҶȥЩĽҶ̵ڲݴѰ¶Щǡ
ϻھ¥ļƣǾһĻͷӣû׼øЩȻôô׷ɱ
Ȼˣ书ҪƷǺ׵ġĽҶ岻Ƕ뿪ͬҶȻһɽһ
һ·ҶȻĬԣ࿴һۣŲҪϾǸİӡ
ĽҶԥ䣬ȻɽϴУͻʣҰʾһҰˣȥ
ǣڶɽϡĽҶܵ
ҶȻɽﳣҰ޳ûɽյҩǾͲҿˡ
ĽҶδֲҩ
ոҸǼС
ǾͺáĽҶһʱŷղΪ̫£ֽץסҶȻ°ڣҶȻĿض֡


 15 

ĽҶڨڨջԭҶȻ°ڵ֣ɫЩΣղ̫ˣŻʧ
ҶȻ·ʲôһ㣬ҸոտһȪȥˮ
ĽҶҪҵҰ˶ҺˣſҶȻͲˮ
ĽҶ²⣬ȥôãĪϴ֣
ʱȻԭҶȻн񱣬Բϲ˽ĽҶһֱŵĴʯͷнѽнϿ϶ԶԶˡ
ĽҶ˼뿪£ϾɽҰ޳ûܱһ˺ЩҶȻİţʼҰ
һңڵջеǻԡ
ĽҶɽʯϣ͸ڵҹɫЩ
˸ɽȣͬһİɽһҹҲŵġ
Ůӣ²ǿӣھ䵽ȴ
ĽҶЦһ϶޴ˣһˣɽһֻ̣Щϧûر¡
ҹɫŨҶȻڶڸʯϣ˫Ŀϣ˯
⽥ϮĽҶǿžŬ۾ǿ϶˯ˡ
ҶȻģˣ紩ʱĶһϰĵӣ˵ԹŹ֣ϲ˽֮ĲޣĽҶ˫ֱϥĿ⾯ؿҶȻ
˯ɽؼҺܺúϢˣĽҶŬοԼ
ʱߣĽҶûһô·ֻȫƣԽԽպƤ͸еһһĶһ˦
ĽҶһͷһڴֵľߣ³ʺͷ˰ڼ߳βͣĽҶһȥ
˲׷βͲĽҶȣĽҶȫֱˤڵϣܵβͣϲơ
ĽҶ岻ѣƴԽԽ֮ʣҶȻ⶯ѣⳡ棬˲䷴ӦԵʯ鳯ͷݺȥ
һŤʯҶȻߵĶұ߶˶ʱҶȻٶֻͣԭء
ĽҶϲȥ
ĽҶ˫ƴȴͽ޹ԽԽɫϣ
ſѪڣ³ɺͷ֮ʣһɹֱӴھߴϣѪĽ
ӦҶȻķȥҶȻˣжɴ಻㣬תתϵİָһֱ۾
ʹٻҶȻûγذףһնͷ
һߣĽҶƴ˺һɫŻྪδֵؿҶȻ˾ޱԭؿʼĿ
˺һĽҶѹҶȻղֱûˡ
һƬڣʱһЩϸ춯֪Ƿ紵֦⣬Ұ
ǲȥüڶţĽҶղžʱĴУ̲ס
ĽҶҧҧ¶ҶȻԱߡҶȻĶõ۾߿
ĽҶӣҲģұ֤
ĽҶֻϥϣд˾ֻ̲Ҳʲôֻǡһ˴šĽҶаҶȻΣҲΣղһ˴ţû׼ܳһֻûˡ
ҶȻɫ䵭ԣֳŵұϺȻȵĴУһתͷͼĽҶһ˫žʧ롣
ҶȻֱͣ˦־ĽҶ߬סҶȻֱۣҶȻû˦ϵ˿ڣ̲סü
ĽҶۼ⣬̲ˣΪ߬ҶȻ䣬Ͱ͵ߣ𣿡
ҶȻ۾һ˿ԵĽҶ˰죬ĩ¿ʯϱĿֻĽҶڡ
ĽҶһһ춼ɽ·֮ǰҶȻҪҰ޳ûĽҶԽǿԽǾƣߣһȻ˯ˣ೤ĺ
һԿ˯ҶȻ۾Ư۾ĽҶԼ°ڵС֣һƣ̽ؿĽҶ
ղŻǷƵĶԶԶģһ˫۾ɵñͭ廹ƵģڲܵԱҺѾ˸ղžĿֱֲ˯ȥˡ
ĽҶȻۼˣ˯úܳȻСԴᣬֱӿҶȻļͷ
ҶȻһĵײûӿ񣬽ҶȻһ¡
ĽҶԴգһַܿӦ˯š
ĽҶ˫ֱϥƸȣԴʼµϥʱ̧һֿʼµܶʼ·ҡڵӰڡ
ҶȻƣһȻµؿĽҶСè㡣
ҶȻϲ˽ŮӸûӴĽҶһԭᶨľЩҡ
ҶȻ۶⽥Щɫְٳδ֪õʱĵ׺Ȼһ
ĽҶղã飬ͬԺһغҶȻճȭԥ
ĽҶ۾ʱ͸̵ѾɽĽҶʱɵ˯һɨգȻ˯ˡ
ˣˣĽҶҵϵȹò˿ҲǣŹ֣ŶŮΪôĵ߳˶ڡ
ĽҶȫȻ֪Լӹһ٣ҶȻڶҰãٹһ뿪طˡ
ľĽҶµ󾱣ʱҶȻ˸мŵͷҶȻӡԭĶӲ书ǿŹ֣ĵزһߵԱߵǸðˡ
ҶȻĶûͣĽҶҲ⣬ʹסںδȥҶ˱л˿Ǿһ뵽֮ǰһӣĽҶЦЦ
ҶȻзӦˣ³򶨡֡
ĽҶһ䣬۽ü϶ȾЦ⣬·֦ͷ滨һҹ֮䶼ˣ¶ˣԭǼӰ
ҶȻϲãЩĪ֣֮ǰʲôƦåڿڷתõ졣
ĽҶϲ˵֮ʣǿӢ¹ˣ˵Ҫл֪ȱȱϺõĵҿвϺõģ˵
ҽҶȻĽҶߴߴ۾
ĽҶһ㶣һŵүүԭУ֮ͨ᪻СʱǶѧЩƤë
ҶȻʣ֮ǰҷĲҩô֪ܻٻ
ǴүүһҽϿġĽҶԲԲ۾գգ¶Ȼ飬ҰҽΣͲ÷˼лˣ򶨺ôǸͷӣ϶ȱӵʲôԵò¡أԱл⡣
Ǳҽ飬үүǰܰϧϧ֮־ĵŪȨүүµ鼮мһˣĽҶүүͰ鶼ûԺ
ĽҶԽԽöԣ̵ؿҶȻԷתȥӲ̫˵
ĽҶ˹ͣʲôѽղ˵ĺúõģȻֲˡ˰ˣȥл񣬶Ҳнˡ


 16 

Ұ󣬶˼·ˡɽɽ·ԽԽˣĽҶǰҶȻӰҲ˳ˡ
ȻˣŹȣӰɸߴΰӢ˲ĽҶĿͣǱӰϣź򶨳ÿʳڣϧǸͷӡ
һʱ󣬶ɽɽҰС·ϣĽҶԶԶƼһţϽ֡
ţȥ𣿡
Ŵ˶һȥǳˮ򣿡
ǣȥǡ
ʮ·ءŰ֣Ǹϼȥϵģ˭ôȥǡ
ʮĽҶֵؿҶȻ뾩ǲʮ·ôǴɽһ£ôԶˡ
ҶȻ̹Ȼؿڣ鷳ȥʣûԸȥ
ԥڶˣһһɫˣԸȥ١
ʮӡ
һ̼ţǵţȥﺰˡ¶Ƶġ
ĽҶ̾ͷӵǮҺûлʱ˼һֻû⡣
ȥ֮󣬲Ҫ˵ɽҡҶȻƳһĽҶḻӵ
ĽҶͷģҾ˵ȥġһͷӺôһ֮ԣҪǴȥˣɽʰժҰ˵ĻģûӣСǰ
ҶȻ۳ԼĽҶתתϵİָĻΪô֡
һ˴һ·ⰻȻڶȻ
ĽҶʱڷˣ֮п̫ˡ
ͣҶȻڳδͬĽҶʲôͼԲ۾¶Ȼ˼˰֣˳š
ҶȻ촽˹ôһ׵ı飬δ嶼
ڳϽȻҶȻһʱϲżױ˹
ү˰һһ飬ûѰΪǡ
ҶȻ̧֣ȥռĹǱߵнӴ
̲죬ĽҶ䲻ҶȻ˴кη֣Ӧ£үģȥ¸ɾ䣬ռ˷쳣ġɱڲۼ῵ר߼ֻΪ
ҶȻתתϵİָ뿪ڣ̵ľүôˣⶾŲ򵥡
ʱû¡ҶȻ˼صѵϣڲ¥ץǸʿôˣ
Ϊǵˣ˲Ƿųȥʿڵһ˵һҶȻ˽լȥ
һߣĽҶڵո³ʱŻȻҶȻڳ³Ϊͳѡ
ʮĽҶ۲ѣⶼ࿪ģҶȻװ󷽣ͷǮ
ŵʣһȥˣҺƶˡ
أĽҶĵǷӺˡ
ͻˣӻҹҪͣҲŹﲻˣȻȥš
úáĽҶԺʮ͸սˡ
Ӧ£ְ췢¸֪ĽҶԭպѰҶȻ¸ΧˣѣֵüȮ
ռֳ£־˵Ĵ̸¡
Ҳˣֻܽ£һ֣˶ߣҶҲĽҶּ־ˣΪĽҶģˡ
־ŭգĹ˵ĽҶϴҴһո
ĽҶһϣѾ߼ȹϵϣ˾֪顣
ĽҶԳЦЦռҵĵλɡ
Χסµļҵģ
룬Ǳߵ˴ǳ·дֺ̳¡
ĽҶü룬ԼЩ죬ȴ벻ϸڡ
˿ĽҶЩҵȹϸʣֻҪҪԡ
ĽҶź£ϴţĴϣҪúϢûôô
ȻĽҶ˯ϴڽԺĽҶǼأҳ
ĽҶشã䣬־Ҳˣӡ÷ڣŭ
ϼĽҶ۾÷죬޲˺㣬õ䵽ء
ĽҶǺ⣬ôˡ
װʲôװƵ޹صһķŭת־͵үҪôô񶾵Ĺҡ
Ȼ֮ǰϾѾ߷磬ѹȫƵĽҶϣ˱ĽҶƲʧ׵޹
Ȼ־һӣ۴ŭؿĽҶĽʵ˵ǲ㺦ģ
ĽҶ˿裬ĻƷһ˿ζĸףĮģΣȴեȡôϱӶԼ޸ҶйɣϾҶݴ䵭̫ԣ־Ϊ˸ʺƭǿ˹ȥ
־ĵһ丸ףֻԼ;棬Ůһܴôˡ
ĽҶ֪׺γԣһֱĸ֪࣬ʲô¡
Цһ㲻˵˵ҹȥĶˣ
ĽҶ￩һ£бһҪݺ־Ͳͬ顣
죬˵ˣΪҵģ߸˵سˡĽҶü˭֪˸ң׽˽Ѿˡ
ĸʧ䣬ȥաĽҶϿңϣŽˣҾ͹˲ĸŻˣ˭֪׾˵ġ
˵϶ĽҶԺ˵ԺĽҶѾߣΪˣĽҶȥ˺Ǽʲô
ĽҶɫǲţȥҶ̫̫Ƕʡ
־黺ͣĸ˵˵أȥסһʲôģ´̫̫ȥ㾡Ӧͷ˵һС
ĽҶͷǡ
ЦһǲˣĽҶļѾߣȥǸѾأ֪ǲһֱҶ̫̫ߣ粽ˣ
ĽҶɫݣţ˵ĸˣ׼ȥˡ
һЦץ©ˣѾڣγݲĽҶôǹȥˣ㵣ı¶ԼĹɱˡ
˻һɫһ䣬־ͣĽҶﻳԽԽࡣ
ĽҶڵһЦ˵ɺϣҵرˣ
˵ŮȥºԺйʱﹶҡ
ɴţ˿ڹҵĶˡ
㣬˵˫Ŀͨ죬ʲô˼ŮѵһẦ


 17 

ĽҶ̣ȻˣֻЩ͵ʴףɷȮ
ûˣʯͷԼĽš
ס족ĽҶĻֱӴʹԵʵ䵽³дԭԴĸľ֣ŻеԺͲѡ
ôԸʵ˻ߵҪȫƸĽҶҸԹޣڸĵھΡ
֣ҶǳϳĽҶץȥ
ס־ʹŭӸϽȥסϡϲĵϣ۾ݺݵصĽҶˡ
ס족־óһ֮ļƣɵӣĽҶʦһΪƫϣ˵ĻȻ߷֣Ū࣬˭Һ־Ů
ĽҶⷬ־ͶѾģĽҶϵ־ٶȻ
־ʵ˼뺦㣿
ĽҶЦЦǾԼŮĻ²ðɡ
־Ͷʱඥ˵ĽҶҪĽҶûж˵ƽʱΪģҲΪǰ겻߳Щ
ĽҶҶļױҪ޵Ǻ磬˳죬αȥΪ
֮£ƺĽҶˣһԻĻ£ļױֻǲ֪ΪΣûĽҶԼŮ
־͵һֱƫģǱ£֪ϵ⣬Ҳ۾͹ȥˣϾĽҶӺòƽϡ
ںͺϣ־̬ȾͲһˣ¹;ǰ̣Ϊһ˽ĽҶǰ̡
뵽־ŭݣƳһۡϱ⣬ôһ˲ˡ
־ɫ࣬һӴԺȥϻʧɫ׷˳ȥү˵
ĽҶŶ˱Ӱǹ˹ԺһϷҪˡ
գĽҶͻƷ裬ؿĸŮͬ־͹ҧֵüɹ
־ϰЩ˳ͻݣû뵽·˳֮ǰϲ̨£һ֮£ɴ̧˸С檻ظǶ
ϻ񣬲Ϊ־רĶСȥˣһʱҲûѰĽҶ鷳
鷻µκĽҶҲȥ찲īʰǰİá
ƹģ񣿡ĽҶӹ̨һЩᡣ
ɲǣױأ¶һݡ
ĽҶ˼ҳȤǮˡ
㿪߼ۣʮֵ
ĽҶͷʾӡ
һư۵ӶĽҶ΢΢һЦţʵ̸ģ
ĽҶԣ˵ͷ
ŵ˵Ǿ޿ˡ
ƹһԲˣʲô˼ѵ̻𣿡
ĳǴ⡱˻˹֣֣ӣŻĲɺǲʵţزһдʫȾƣԸôϲԵĲأ
ƹ˾Щԣ˵ȻһǲЩḯö࣬ţԴγãⱾ̸Ҵģм١
ִ£á
ĽҶ˷ᣬιӣɷ˵һ䣿
˻΢΢ĽҶ۾˵
ʱѲȺƾһס̾С̵𾩳ǣ˺;䲻˳ʫ֪
˲֪һֿϣʮʱȾزҪ뿪ǣȥƫԶĽǣÿְҩϡ
Ȿʱдģͷдҽ˵԰ϻⲡʹǱоɴ顱
ƹĽҶĻϲЦտҾ˵ôῴۣⱾʣɫͬ༸ƷƣôǼ顣ǸˣֻҪʮ
˻˻ԭذ죬عĽҶѾӴѾ뿪ˡ
ȵȡ˻׷ȥĽҶÿ¶ɻ
ĽҶˮ˻Ȼͺˣ֧֧һŵʹ֪µġʷֻʮټ֪ȥ
Сʱг˵ġĽҶ䲻ظҲ֪صҪأһ߹³Ը뿪
˻ԶȥһŷӦôǾļҸϵģ˰죬Űյ뿪ˡ
ϣ˵ҿǹӲʲôˣû׼ǹĻͷӽġ
ĽҶ£Ը򣬡ȥ鷻
һĽҶͿ鷻ΧһȦˣмִ
ƹһĽҶ·𿴵˾ǣҴ˹ϻƵǿȹúãҾһû뵽ˡ
ҵĹȥ˵ӣ˼֣˵ӵĲ⡱
ĽҶһ˼ȹҪõѾϻôһ
ĲǶûˣ֮ǰһˮؿĸʱһ̣ԭҪȥǳû׬һʣкȻ£ˮؼųҿ㣬͸ɴȫˡ
ĽҶԾȥⷿ
ⷿﻹʣ˲ĽҶϸ˿̾˿ȥǮɡ
ƹ˲ϵĺ¶ѵ⣿ҿź֮ǰĻһŽġ
ĽҶͷ񲻻Ҷζǻϲ짲ҶȾɫЩ˶Ҷʴ˲ɫƷʽƣǮȴˡ
ƹȻæȥǸһӣҵ˲⡣
ӣǽȱӺҼҹڻׯҲ֪᲻°̺ۣӾˣ
ƹ֪Ǹ˵ô⳥Ǿô⡱
ͷˣ۾һбֺҼҹ㣬ȻǱ뿪ȥˡ
ʱţǺÿġ
ĽҶü⽯ҵδҲ̫ˣǸܣ⳥ҲҪҪǹ
˷ݻڵˣΧڲ鷻ſڿֵİҲɢȥˣƹѣңò׺ˣһֻ֣ˡ
ʱ⴫һŮӵƽ˵鷻ãôһ˶ûѾӷѩ濽ӣѩͷ˿ΣõϰٻȹһͬѰ硣
ĽҶΪ鷻ͷۣûѩϷϢعذɡ
ѩƴһȹöô࣬ôһҪˡ
ĽҶֻ񣬶Ѿ˺ˣѩ濻ܲĽõغƹĺúдع˵գȥ
ѩԱһӣۼֿ죬һֱסĽҶҼҹʱҪͬչ֣չô𣿡
ĽҶ۾ͣǰһĿƵϣ
ѩ¶Цݣ˵鷻ȹ⣬ýҹڻׯ͸ڲزסֻ


 18 

ĽҶɫкθϵ
ոҶˣҪӡѩŵΪҳӳﻮôãרŴΣ϶ô˰ɡ
ĽҶ˼ѩ˵˵ȥΪģֲƹôʵ짲ԭ˿ơ
ͬҹҲϤͬ˵ûҲûܣֻǡ
ѩߵĽҶǰϣǿԺ⣬ֻҪṩȹʽΣȥҷɡ
ĽҶһЦЦȴ۵ףҿһ¡
УǱδסѩڰһǣ˲鷻
ѩ濷ǳû٣ǳúãľǹĲõƣ˼Ҫ߳߷ߵ
ĽҶһԲոֱϤϣһֱճȭֲ˿
ǴˣһˮϾʹô̴ľӣָжһ
ĽҶ۵һƬ⣬ղҪߣѩԵסˣϵ鴮
ϸ˭ҪأȻѩ󣬵ĽҶһֱɱ˵¡
ĽҶԳЦЦһԸΪܿҶݾ;ܶ£ѩڲѾʼ
һ⣿ıֻѩĿ֮һǽ˻ٴݺٷ
Ŷ룬֮ǰд˵Ҷ̫̫ȥһšĽҶ˵أ̽ʵȸױ
ĽҶڰ֣ȥ
ĽҶһɫȹȥӭ˸մ˼
ϻʱһһŮ˼˼ڵǰǰȥɽ죬ϻǸմ
ĽҴɽ鱦ΣȥЩϲġ˼귽ʮߣϰ䣬ٷ磬糾͸մɽϻȡ
ˣ̫̫ȥĸŮʱΪĽҶ˼ͬĸĸ磬־׵ĶĽҶ
ĽҶɫ䵭˼֪ɣĸŮ״ͲᴦһˣϾʲô˼һĸͬã˼϶վĸŮǱ
ĽҶֱȥǺЦټһոСĵط澹һĹˡ
˼ĽҶԶϵʧԣԼԺȥ
д
Ҷ̫̫ˣҶĴ˶ˣΧںľԲǰšʳｻ
ĽҶ̫̫࣬ǳЦſֵĳ档ҶϮλŷ⣬ʵǰϺү𣬾ͱʵȨҶؼֵܡ
ҶȨƵĻϺүӣ˵귽ʮǾк绽
ֻĽҶûҶλү˵Ҷ˹ϵá
ĽĽ
ĽҶȻһ̧۾ͶҶ˵ݵ
ҪҪõ˿Ӹ̫̫ȽЦŴȤˡ
ĽҶݸһЦȻôңĽЩܳˡ
ҶΪĽҶʢһ룬ĿĽҶϣˡа̾ǰôĽҶ̫ĵģ滨¶ˡ
ĽҶȾһ糺죬ؽӹ״룬ͷĬĬšаϴҶҶүţҶ˼ҷҶݾͶһ̬ȣһ÷С޲µӡ
ѵԼļƻԹԼʹӺ˲ɻ顣
ԣҶϲѩ濣Ҫ˻飬ֵóȫ
ȽƿŶ࣬Ĵʯͷˣ֮ǰӲϣڶˣȻҪһѡ
ȽƷ²豭ڵ꣬ݾʮˣĽҲʮˡ
̫̫ˣؿߵĶǰһתĽ켰ˣݶҲǡ
ȽƵ̫̫£ӹ磬԰һʮҲͶˣĽ׺һ𳤴Ҳòﱸˡ
˻һҶݺĽҶɫһ䣬ҶǾȣԼƺôȢĽҶ
ĽҶǱ˸ֲˣôô죬һҪٹһ꣬ҲŻῪʼ׼£ôǰˣ
̫̫ϸͣ³ﱸҪһأڿʼ׼ֻԵҶҿĽʱĽҲʮˣ㲻硱
Ҷ̫̫ǰЩӷ˾ɼԼӲˣȽô˵Ҳ˼ĽҶЩ޽öչЩҲЩ︣
϶⼸պԺæ𣿡
Ҷҡͷûš
УҸȥոú¡˵Ҷ̫̫תĽҶ֣Сʱ˵Ҫ޸磬ڿԸˡ
ĽҶ۵׵ĽǣЦӯӯɬĸĪȤĽˣйҳ˵˵ġ
ȽЦǻأ۵СŮޣ֪ʲô
Цϣһ͡
ҶȻ£Զ˸ղŵһ
̿˿ҶȻɫүϺүصμӼ磬ǽȥɡ
磿Ҷļҡ
ҶȻתῲʲô𣿡
⼸ճ趼ռûմڼУ಻ȥ黭̹䡱
ҶȻȥǰ˽лȱֶҡ
գĽҶԼ಻գҶͻ־ֻ£Ƹ˻飬Ӱ͸ˡ
ĽҶһᣬҶݣ˻飬ڿǲˣֻһҩ
ԺعԼˮ
ĽҶһⲻˡ
磬ĽҶˮ˺һѩ濲Ա߻һλǳȹĹرλ짲Ľҹ
ƹǸ⣬ӵĹʧʵڱǸ
ɫưɨһȦƹ˰ˡ
ĽҶϸ˿̵԰̺ۣ˿̫ء°̺ˣ˶ִ
ѩЦƹˣ˵ôƽϡֿһŰԼļƻ˵˳
ĽҶüѩ濿˼ϻ˵˵ͣλﻰȴҪռıˡ
ԭѩ濼ƻĽҶϻ￪ӣ˸һ뱾𣬴׷ˣѩķݣĽҶݣʣķ̵
ĽҶһ뱾𣬵ʱȹҲѩǴһֺ̣软̵ͷԼ׬
ѩ˵ƻȻĽҶԿĽҶӦҶھְĽҶ֪θҵｯҡ
ĽҶЦЦ˵ӦҲܾһ仰ת˻⣬ӵʧ죬ýʵڹⲻȥЩһֱס
̧ۿ˿ĽҶĽҶһ֣Ѻһ·ӴӺˡ


 19 

Ϻһһ飬·մǱһѩ濾ͨȾСģǰ򡱡
ѩȥӣ˭
㲻ʶˣ鼤ϻѩ·㻹Ұο
ѩüëɲض˶ĽҶʲô˼
ĽҶɨһ۵ϵﶨֱ˵짲¡
ﶨѩ濵ķҪȾңƹԸģ˵û£ô͡
ں˵ʲôҸʶ㡱ѩŭ⣬Ҫˮ
̵ɫ˱䣬Ըʲô
ƹˮذ̣짲˵³ɸҶʮӣֻҪڳ༸ͺˣ˭֪ﶨµؿһۣ˭֪ôëͷСӲҵĲ֮һٱƵò˵滰
̿Աߵѩ濣ƹѩƹɡ
ѩǶ˶ҸʶȻǱ֮ҵģ䡱
Ŷﶨ˵ƹԸµģУһͽƹʣ˭ѡ
ﶨ̬ţСȾҰɣȻǿ϶ŵġ
ɻһʱֲ˭˭١
һʱ̣ĽҶڣ˽֣عﲻﶨûϵﻹиˣ϶ʶ
ѩһչֶΣһɣкУ֪
˵һ룬ѩһͣͣˣмˣ⣬ôܣ
ԱߵŮǳȹݣ䲻ȴƱ˪
磬£ѩʧ˳
ǰЩӣѩ濲챻ȥ¥¡źѩ꣬˲ʤʵ֣û뵽һʧԣ䵽³
¿ѩЦЦ޾ĺ⡣ѩȻһ£ô²
Ȼóһ˱Ȿ˱ǲѩ˽ˣƹʮ짲ʮзֳʮµﶨ
㣬˵ѩ˱õġѩָ
·˷˱ƹĶһֱϲңҴӦ͵˽˱ҾͬһԶ硱
ѩ濺һͣƹı㣬ȻܱҵǶȴǶûõģ֮ǰ£˵͵ƹ˱ײˡ
ѩֻ²²ݺĽҶҪĽҶ˽˱ţӾͿȥˡ
ѩһͬ˵ʲôҲûãûС
עȫѩȻ˹һˣײڵأ˱
ѩ濴ӣĴ׳첲µȶ֣±˱ŵ˺ɼ飬ſ˺飬ץһֽм̡
ѩ½յɿӣʲôַˡ
ǸؿĽҶչ˼ƽźû⣬ʱӻ᷸ʲôԡеĽҶվ̫ۣıȵùĸӺͲֶΣõӵ˽ΣǱ֤ݡ
ĽҶûѩ濣Цſ򽯷̣ǲʲô˱ҲûǱ¿õعﵱŵ˽ˣֻ˰಻סˡѩĿǳһб˵
ɫֲѩһֱƼԭˣѩ濵ǹʹһĽҶˡ
ֻ̼һŮĸ綼谮ʮˣԵ棬ǵһμʶֶΣ÷
лչҿߵǹŽ̺ݺݵصѩһۣһ˦䣬ŭȥҪȥҸָ״
ѩĽҶļмƣգ˲Ҵȥ׷̣ٽһ
ԭصֻлװɵӣ㵵ؿˣε
ĽҶɨһˮӣȥ
̰סӣģһҸʵ
˶ȥĽҶ·ϣȥУ㿴
ãûµģˤһûʲô½ŵؿĽҶչ𣬱ٰˡ
¥ǿջЦֻΪټһ湶š
ĽҶĵһ¾ǻؼȥ˭֪ûţͱھָָ㣬֪ܣŶû
ĽҶµ֣ҪԸ⣬ԺͲ鷻ѧȹ
Ը⡱³һĽҶٺòˡ
֮ǰ㻹ҪҰ¡ĽҶ֣һװȥԺһˡ
һ壬ﲻҪһȥ
ȥҲȥĽҶζѩǽˣԻʰͬҶݵĻȴû˵ӣҶվ͸ʽ»ˡ
֮ǰԺǾǳߣٴٹڴ˺ǧ
ĺ£Ժƻ𣬸ЦӸﴫ⣬˳档
׵˾Ҷү
ĿϸɱĴ󽫾̫ˣ֪ܲܵס
ޣүѵ³˰Ͱ͵ָ̣ܱôأʲôԸ⡱
˽ԶȥͶòͬԺ޵û㵹ڶͻ¶Цιƣǹعڵϣүϻصҳ鿴˸ţûᵽ¡
ҶȻףžƱûᵽ㲻Ըᵽ
ǲݵģ󺵣ܵݱѣͲʶһˣ
ս뿪˲ݣʱףʱ´󶼲ǵˡ
ҶȻ˵һ֣ѺһˣƤˡ
һ˾ȥԪɣ㣬ôңҺ㡱
Ԫ㿴𿣬Цǵļƣ޹ء
Ц֣һеĿԧ졣𿣬ԵĿ࣬һ˾㵹ˡ
ʱĸ˫޹ʣҶȻİ֯Уѵɴ̿͡
˴Ϊ˵ĸ߹٣Ǳ¥нӽɵĵȴ˶ʱԪ㣬Ԫˣڳ
ڱĵϣүŹԪ㣬һٽӽƴҲҪҳı֤ݡ
ҶȻüͽʲô
һЦԪһ̣ϵн죬ֻû뵽ԼҲûܱԪƽ
ҶȻЩݵԪ㣬ַ̧Ը̣
ͰԶһס𿣬óһ͵öĲϣһѼ⵶һᶯ˶˼Ƭ¶Ƥ⣬ҧס¼ʮƬƤסĵʹ˲ļС


 20 

̶˶СͿʼܲˣٿɱȰƤɱʱ䳤ˣһϵҪľǱԶϸãǴθǧƬ⣬Ҳûɡүƣ׼ϢգƤˣټ⡱
˵䣬ϱԭѩ׵ƤѾѪģԴʹţɫ԰Ѫɫ
ɨԪ㣬ֻ˫ŭڣҪĽ󺰵бǳΪʲôʲô֪
ԪԾ͸εˣ֪ȻûôףʾԶͣ£һŮǴĿʼ֫⣿
ԣԶޱؽ⿪ϳȹ⵶ϸĲһ֡
ˡ׵Ԫغ۾Ұ¡
ԭһֱ״ƷҶȻ̧ۿ˿˰֣̺ͰԶ̾ߡ
ˮ˫ãȻؿԪ㣬Ԫ㳯̵ȥиС
ҪԪɲҪ׹ԪΪ˾˵ôܡǲŹġ
ԪЦЦ㶼ԣΪʲôҲܡ
һָĳｻˣ̺༸ˣߺȾƱ졣
Զ¥´˿ģ˵Ժ˸﻽֣ϸһ
̵һۣϹʲô֪үŮɫ¥Ůӡ
ԶٺһЦ˵˵ѣү˵Ϊʲôү˶ʮ˻ȢޣҲû˵иͨʲôġ
̷¾룬Զǲ񻰣ү˽¶ˡѵһ٣¥´һ
ԭںȾƵҶȻ¾Ʊƿĵ񻨴Ժһ¥ÿȥ
¥ŮΧһӸ࣬ɴ־žƱҶӣūҾһ
ҹҶһɨϵľƾߣɫͨ죬վҡҡλΣָҳ
̼״ҶȻͣԺĹײ֪ͣҶСξ͡
˵һ룬ҶȻûڿһ¥߿ȥ͸¥żĴĹӸ硣
һ°ɫ۵Ĺ죬ϸ˿һⲻռ
ҶȻȻ緢ˣĿһװĽҶƷҶ֮תתһ˿ζ
ڶ¥żĽҶȻ֪ѱˣר־ؿһ¥Ҷݣҵ˲
ϲüңȻˣǼѳڷ³ҶֱܵýĹӸ˽ˣ㼤䣬ҶݾϹˣټǼ̳Ů죬Ҷݽַﲻˡ
Ҷݱ¥ĽҶϴӻóһУԸȥ֡
¶ΪѣңҺǰˡ
Ѿˣǲ˵գĽҶַԸȥ
ɣĽҶãڵż
˺һҲ˹ĽҶҶϿ˿ֶ˱˶ڹսǴ
ӨʲôղͲϵүˡһ󸹱ĸץµֲţȥүơ
û뵽֮ǰĿˣ˾ȼˣƴ㡣
ڶм䣬Ѿˣڲӿˡ
ˣţܲСİɣ˭ء
ɿ֡»󣬡㲻ŵĻɰйʣҪֶŵġ
Сʲô
ĽҶסִ󣬵ʱҶ˷ԺɾͲˡ
λүʵڲ˼ѾӨˣдˡ
ĽҶŮװŵ˶ԵðСˣ̿˿ĽҶЩСƾҲͬӿϵ˾ûвֵġ
㡭ĽҶûϵԷ˲
ƾүһ仰㸶ӣҲ˻ȥ̬ţСëû룬͸Һˣ֪֪үھ绽꣬һŽС
ȷʵ֪һͳĽҶҶȻŴ󲽣
Ҷ̿ˣ̰ˣүôˣСʧʧ
һ㲻ھ绽𣿻֪ү˭
ֱһ˦ԼϣҺ˵ģ˵ģ䡱ĽҶǸλСֵܣ˼治֪үˡ
ĽҶü˭ˣ
ҶȻԭأɫưתתϵİָһǸˣ
һҶȻ֪̹ڵϣүүүңͷˡ˵ž͡顱ڵϿͷ
ĽҶ죬ͷӵò⸻³ɼƽֶж
ҶȻͷػӻ֣ˡ
ĽҶҶȻ֣лȣ֪ϻظȥĲ¥յ𣿡
ҶȻһۣܺã
ĽҶӯӯһЦʲôɲõģ£Ȼˣ⻹öְҸǷ˵ĸ̣Ȼɺòˡ
ҶȻ̽ﴩװ¥ʲô
ĽҶüʲôҾʲôֺϼˣȻȥˡ
Աߵ̾һ亹չ˵ҶȻΪİѵҲΪģϻɳ趢ü죬滳⣬׷ʱ֡
ҶȻĽҶıӰĥղ˵ĻʲôΪΪʲô
үǻرӪ˽լ̰ʵ
ҶȻĿ֮ǰҶȥ¥˼һغ
ֻͣһ̣ȥԸˣи̾ү˼ԽԽĥˣƽʱϺү룬ү¶̤һȥˡ
ĽҶظȡЩӣ˵СӴ飬ҿ£οĹһŰɡ
¶ϲ⣬̵£̲סһ䣬Ϊͬλү˵Ժʲôʲôȥ
ĽҶһ䣬һʼ򶨣ʵһϻؿɽȵļƣǲŮɫ˵Ůˣôȥ¥
̶Լ򶨱ϥˣ򶨺ôһͷӣˣٲ˱˵У޹⣬صȥԺ֤Լġ
뵽ĽҶԺиּ˵ӣ̲סЦƽݵļҲнհ
ĽҶḻı飬档
ĽҶɫͬҲֻǼ棬˽үһҲϹˣеĻȥɡ
ү˼мүдλҶүȨ죬ղƺΪӣӦòǺλ
룬ûеĻ˵ڣʳгԺӣӭ˼
ﻹûЪϢأ
ϹϾˣЩ
˼ͷ󲽽Ժ


 21 

˼ĽҶһΪˣ
ǲǳŲθڣô˻Եģ˼£͸ŹС
óԡĽҶЦЦȻôˣ绹Ȼȥɡ
˼֣С˰κзŵϣϻЩΣҲҾŸѡЩһͷϺõģʺ㡱
ĽҶɫĿΣûϲֻƣĸŮ϶ϻص¶Ƶˣ˼Ϊһĸͬ׸磬ôһ㲻⣬Ρ
˼·𿴴ĽҶ˼Ľ£
ĽҶ뿪ڽͣȴ֪Ӻ˵˼ЦҡͷýͣĽ㡱
ĽҶˣң˵־Ͷ˺һ˼Ȼ;
Ҷֻ۸ˣ۸ҲӱȥĻƽ˾
˼ĽҶҸˣƼˣ㲻㷴ġ
ĽҶ̾˿һڵ粻˼ǵˣ˵ǹأ
˼һ㶣ЩǵʱʲôƵϡ
ĽҶе˼ǣοѾûˣֲɵӡ
˼ǵǣҲʱһڸûˣ˰㣬شɽҴ˼书Ѿո
ǾллˡĽҶݸһЦŲʵǱߣǴ㣿
ӶˣڸӱѰ˻˼ң£ļˡ˵Ͼã˼ԵˣһԼԺӡ
ĽҶ˼ԶȥıӰüͷ壬֣̫ˡ
˼Ȼƫǰٰοĸáվڵߣ˼ҲԵ̫ˡ
ĽҶʣԼиãֿ֪ⷬԣҲøеϧᷴõˡ
˼Ŀǰˡ
Ȼ⣬ĽҶϴһ˫ŮոĵΡӣȻƫŮ˼Ҳֻǵģ𾴣ĸӼ顣
ĽҶ룬ֽ񣬵Ը˼䡣ҡͷãҪǱ
㲻ȥҾͽˡ
ȰֻðŷԸȥˡ
ĽҶϴ꣬¹˯ȥһߵԺɵƻַͨǷҶݴһԸⲻ֪ľٶѾȫǣ˵ӵĵ͡
գҶݾѺ󣬲Ÿе£˸ս˶ţһɳƵͳʻȥĶˣ
ҶһˤڵϣսսػͷȻϵ̫үɸֵҶ
үүףȥ鷿
ҶһһǸմ鷿û뵽ҶҲн죬Ҫ֪ͬԼожĵ
Ҷ֪·ɫһףͨ˵ϣңҡǱǹ˾ƣʡ£ŻһʱͿġ
Ҷߴŵڣҷϣû뵽ôܼӣҸǧҶúӷѾˣ˵ֲҶˣҷˣܳʲô˲š
̫үԭֻվԱߣҶҶݣһ䣬̲סˣɫ˱䣬ȥá
ҶݻϻذӵĴʹϴμҶˣضˣָҪηһ󵨺
ʱҶݺȻƼԱ߻԰См̫̫ԺѾߣæ̡̣СҶ̫̫ÿҶҪ̫̫ˡ
ȻһҶ̫̫ʹѾ߹ˣűҶѹŵҶݣãôˣһˣʲôܺú˵Ҫҷġ
ҶݺݵصҶһۣ͸ðˣ֪ȱˣĸף֪ҶݵĻĵо˵һ顣
G⺢ӡҶ̫̫ɫ԰ˣҪ㰲ͨ͵ˣֵȥʱȾʲô
Ҷˣղͨ˵СӴ¥ųдͷȥȥܵǺʱļҹϼ޵Ǽ
Ҷ̫̫˰֣Ȳ˵Ľˣڻ԰ݶ˵أô֣ǱĽ֪ˣͲˡ
СӣҵˡҶҶ̫̫Ҷһۣ÷Ҫ֪Բס˼ҹ͵ȷȥǸ
Ҷ̫̫ã̫̫˵ǲ˵ڲ׼Ľүô족
⡭ҶΪѵؿ̫ү
˵䣬ȽƺĽҶò̫̫ȥѾѰ˹ȽƿҶŵҶݣ۵ȥݶôˣ
ĽҶҲ۾ôˣ
Ҷ̫̫û£Ժ棬˾˷ء
Ҷ˿Ҷ״Ҳſ
ʱ̫үŹȣߵҶǰ£үүˣʱݣھǣǼﱲڹ̡ܽ
Ҷҡͷôô˵ҵΡ
ˡ̫̫Ƥ˶˵ʲô˼ݶССʲôʱ˭ǡ
¡Ҷ̲סͳһ֬壬СֱӰѼҴ¥Ļôܲܡ
˻һ˽ԾﲻѣҶ̫̫ҲҶ˵ˣ㣬ôô֪ء
Ҷɫѿģ˵ǻһȥҵĵ̻ˣƹϳҶҵ洫壬ص˹
Ҷ俴Ҷһۣҵ֪ĸˣöǧлǷһ顱
Ҷݶ壬ɫ𾪣ϻ˸ĽҶĽҶ£ҲûصȥҪô䵽֣˵͵ģ
Ҷ̽ѰĿУĽҶֱ磬Ҳá
ȽƷסĽҶ⺢ӣݶԲס㣬ô˵
ĽҶҡҡͷ,˲Ȼ֪ϲңһԸĸ;ĸϧң׮¡
ͬ綨׵ĲңˣһѻҪȥ¥ˡ
ĽҶһ˫ɫ֪Ѿˣĸ˾ˣǾͳȫǰɡ
Ҷɫ˱䣬Ҷݣ㲻ϲã
ҶݶĽҶӣּҪ߬°ڣֲãֲǶֲһڻ԰
ҶＸСĽҶˣŮӿۣʵĻ
ǸҶݣ˻õʱĽҶѾ·̺ˣ˻飬ŬȡһȢСϲѩˡ
ŭȴҶݳͷԣԺг֣ʱҶݺȻĽҶСʱժҵĳ
Ҷݹ˹ǣҵһֱֻĽʹԴֻǲ֪ĽԸԸԭҡ


 22 

ĽҶɫ˲ţҶǷһԸ̤벽͵ǰˣȻܾˡ
СʶࡱҶתĽҶԣȻҾȥո־ֵǸĽģһúýѵСӵģ¾´Ρ
ĽҶѾָ飬̲ס̾ŲҶȥȥ¥Ҫ˻飬֪˲ˣֻ㡣
ĽҶոԺȥ⣿
Ҷ¥Ⱦȥ⼤ִҶҳӣź̨Ҷ˵Ҫ˻顣
żƻߣôҶݾ͸Ŀˡ
ĽҶ˼⣬ѵҶݿԼƣ
ɼˣҶҲֻԼôĿأ
ţҶҶүѾˣүȥ
ĽҶüͷ΢˼Ƭ̣첽ȥ
סĽҶ΢΢ϥ
־͸պҶһţ˰ʰˣ˺ȥ˺ͺú̷̫̫ʲô£
ĽҶԴʹҶҹ¥ֵǽ֪Ҷ˶ڿο־ȴֱӰѴ鵽ϡ
ǿ̫үͶѵ磬Źȥ˵˼䣬¡
û£־бһۣû£ҶүصǸ
ĸ¥ģȥʲôô˵ôϲ㡱־һݣ¶Ҫˣôһ֣ҪƳˡ
ĽҶЦˣҶƳٻΪҶֳ⵵ӳ£ʱ䲻̫¡
־ŮУֻҲ˵óĽҶճȭʵ治ϲأ
ϲΣ˺̫̫ٻʱҲйˡ־ͲмؿĽҶһۣСŮģ
˵ҲԸأĽҶĿֱֱ־ͣû˿ľ⡣
ТŮ־һӣռңĻ¾˵㣬ֵõԼԸⲻԸ⡱
ǲ֪ܣֻҲ˵Ӻ˻飬ΪĻ˼ԸȢ㡱־ôӵۡ
˵ЦġĽҶ豭һڣ·ղ˵Ĳ
㡭־һЦݣҾ͵ĽˣС֪Тĸʱ˿϶ġ
־ƺع˼Լղ˵̫ʼ߶߶˵̣ŮӼܿסҲֻңʱмҪҡ
ĽҶϵĵΣƷζ֣һֵĶɣһζѹԼĸܣֻΪӭ˵־һ赭дĺŮӡ
ĽҶŪϵΣЩ׵Ĺһ͹ˣûдϹһεԡ
׶ˣĽʲôǸ׶Ůõ˼ĽҶӯӯһЦһɸТڵģ
ĽҶƣԸûֵոֱȥˮ
ϻƵʯȹÿɺˣҷС㶼˵ɫãƷҲÿƹڹ̨ˣĽҶǰ㱨⼸յӪա
ĽҶһȦٹ˿ѡ£ǰЩӵνöˡ
ƹĿ⾼⽯˿ҹȥһ״ѩ濼Ӷˡ
ˣĽҶȣڳЩǵ͵£ܲͲʾϻΪˮý̹ҲɼҶھصꡣ
ɲǣ˵ѩյڽ󽯼ҹԭ£ûãһ仰Ĺүţ㰲ɣӾͶˣ˵ܵܵѧѶˡ
ĽҶĿͶ⣬ɲǽ˵ķ񣬶Ҵܳɷûһˣɺٲ
ǵ˭أĽҶ˼Ƭ̣ûȻ͸ɴ֮Ժˡ
ˮϣĽҶ˿黭̵ͷǵ黭ǮĴǿŶֻĽҶû۹⣬⡣
ԺĽҶķԸһͷˮȥ黭µ黭˵ⷿкЩֻ硭
Ц˳ѵȱӣȥȥϹĥЩʲô
˵꣬תĽҶҼкüˣƽﶼ᳭飬ȥǮչʱȡЩǵֻ
ĽҶͷؼҶЪϢ죬šʮؼȥ
һﻮĽҶеѡַ꣬ƽϱһӣרϳˣ˼黭
黭ĽҶҲЩֽīʱд֣洫٬Ļ
ʲôүѰÿ࣬ϻԭصңƫƫˣôүܳ㲻ɣ
ĽҶиԤУһӣȻƵʹԴǰһӡ
عͷƯһ΢΢üżƦ
ĽҶǰһڣôһǧټö˱ܿôˡ
λӣʲô黭ͬ˵ĪΪҵѾߡĽҶֱֱ˹ȥƵ
üëššѾߣ
ĽҶ䣬ô£˵Ѿʶˣ
û뵽ĽҶ࣬ÿ޳ˣû
ô£ĽҶң
ϻһؼҵӱȥϴ·ⷢγһˣȥͷԽԽֻͣǺľȸˣôͱڵˡ
ĽҶüһ룬һصزȥˣû뵽ˣϻظ⡣
ڽˣҲߣԸԸ⣬ظƳ֪ҹӣﲻ𣬾ͳͬ˵ˡ
ĽҶҡͷصʱˣһû䣬뵽˻ܴ죬ĽҶƣѵǲɸıģ
Ը𣿡
ҵȻԸˡƴҡͷҾڹߣȶʮ˼޸硱
غƵھӣһ÷ʮʱĸţΪ˰Ḹĸ򸮣Σ˸ŲϺŵ
ĽҶ̾˵ԵǸӡʱ洫˼


 23 

չӣôôɣ
ÿĵ̣Ҳ黭˼֪ҶȻߵˣʶ̬Ϊ
ã볯俴һۣ˼ĳһ֮룬֪
ÿ־˵ҶȻ£ҶȻƴ󰸣ڳֿȣҶȻٲҪͽһ˼Ȼæ
ҿչߵһѾߣ֪ɷͷֳҪ˵ʮȻһѾߣ˾ˣԿˣ˼Զʣ֪ô
ˣĶ˳˼ֱӴӦˡ
˼ĬЩԥʱĽҶֱ˳ȥû뵽ӣҵѾߡ
ҽձ㣬޿ܡӣذɡĽҶأͿ͡
˽û뵽ĽҶӦô˼빰˹ֱ֣ˬĪ֣ȻòԸ⣬ǡ
üسӺһۣУȻȥˣȥոݷá
ߺĽҶο˱ŵľսһаٵóһΡ
ƽ黭̶࣬ĽҶ沢ۣ黭ֻΪӹţһζ׷Ҽںˮƽӵһֱ̲
ĽҶ黭òãɴרЩƽ۵ıīֽ⣬Ҳǿˡ
ⲻѣſȸĽҶڹ̨˼ǰ̫ˣ֮ǰ·ԭϤĶʿ˳˳ˮֻⷽ棬ֻԣıȵмҡ
Ľ
ĽҶ̧ۣһ۵Ҷǰɫؿ
ĽҶʲô
Ҷ֪ĽҶû˰Ľһֻ˻飬һĽҶǰĳ飬Ҷݾ;Լ̫ĽҶŻ᳹׻ģֻҪʾãĽҶ϶ת⡣
û뵽ĽҶĳôȣҶЩֲĽҶ˷֮ǰûҹĽҶĽҶ
ҶһԺżˣЩī
ĽҶһƹкҶݣԸҶݶ˵һ仰
ĽĲϡҶױų󣬵һ˵˵ԭˡ
ĽҶܵľű֮ǰˣҶôˣѵаˣߣֻѩᣬתˣ
뵽ѩ濣ĽҶ侲ͬҶԩ޳ʲôԭ²ԭµģҶĪᡱ
㣬ҶݺȻͣסѩ濵ֻ˽£֪ĽҶûп⡣
ĽҶҶǺӣֻ˻ѶּӴˣķʱϤ
ս㣬ϻؾ˵Ҫ黭̣桭ѩӣƸոտҶݣҶ磬Ҳܡ
ҶɫԱˣЩΡ
ĽҶĿڶ֮ش˸תЦ⣬˼ˡ
Ҷݲ˵ѩû˿ΣĽҶ죬ս㲼̣·úã̶ˣ⻹ô𣬿
ĽҶü˶ˣ޿ˣʵ壬ѩǷĽҶϸһѩ濾µױ£͸˵ƣҵĶѩ濽ͷö˺һ
ʱҶݿˣԺҪīֽ⣬ĽԸ⣬ҿԿͬһᡱ
ҶݶĽҶĳƺѩϵЦһͣĽҶʧ䣬ȻһͷڵƣҪ˻ϼѣǡ
ĽҶҶչһЦǿ̫ˣ̿ôãûʲô⣬Ľллˡ
ҶһϲĽҶ峺˵©һģ޷֮ͣáĿĽҶڵϡ
ĸȻû˵˵ԸˡĽҶҶһַۣɿ촹
Ҷݱһۿʧǣ֮ǰҵĴûĽĺá
һһֻѩ濲ڣѩðָô᣿ô᣿
֮ǰѩˣҶݻοȷͷȥˣٿһӣôżղͳûˡ
ѩЩˣǿЦŵҶսãҺĽ
ĽδȻҪˡҶݲɵӣղĽҶѩһͻ˸̬ȣ֪ͬѩ˽µѩʾ
㣬ҶаϲǣϲĽҶϲԲŻԴףǵҪƲ˹ϵѩ濶ġ
ҶֺĽҶϾѩһֱϲȺɽЩˡ
ĽҶŶɫ仯ֻÿ˳Ϸһѻ𣬡˵ģɲڡ
ȻԳСҶһǫǫӵģ
ޣĽҶвΪȻϻǹЦݣǱҪסԡ
ҶЩīδѩ濶˵һ䣬;ֱˣѩ濿ıӰĵ׷ȥ
ĽҶԭز˲̣ϣѩ濲ҪյⷬݣܲЩ
ո
ײĽҶٲƳţԺԱܿ롣
ƿʼĵ˻ؼҴ֪вһѾߣһʱ˲ŻҪȻ֮Ժˡ
˼⼸ڵЩͣûȥĽҶ
κȥӭײһߴӣκһΣۿҪˤڵϣһ֣κͻϣ˳ס֡
ƿˣС¹Ǿʧ룬æūçײײ˹ӣ빫𷣡
̣δظϵ£ˮΪ˾˽һĴУɵЦ˳ô㡱
˼ĽŲƻŵһ񣬴Ҵææȥײ޵С¹Ų·
չӣƵӰʧС·ͷջĿ⡣
˼Ȼ˶֮è壬ǸˡǶĽҶأضε򣬵ƲһѾߣ뿴ϱ㿴ϰɡ
ôп˵үڲ󰸣ֵµ˶æת˼˹֡
ӣʲôæģĴ̿Ͱˡ
ˣ˼ǰ㣬˵Ǵ̿ͷСүϰ䣬񹦸ˡ
Щļ˿ڲ裬ոֻ˳㣬Ŀ˵ͣ汸Żڣڵǰί
˼ûϵ˵⻰΢΢һĿϡ

ƼҴҳ˶ԺһͱһС£ƹҼҹһ
ҧ˭Ҫҹӣڵһȥأ˹ᷢƢġ
С˲ΪȻƹˣǹˣָȥתһȦ
⻰һףڳвֻԭص롣˰ʱŸ˼
һ룬ƱЩӣӲԾ
ӸµؿƣһӻͳһСɵ̴ľУϻ·󣬼ξɣ͸˶׹ƿ⣿
ƲҽӣҲӣūֻһСѾߣôõΣӿūȹӵķϣŹū澰ɡ
üͷ壬ϻ˱ڣȥ룬ǲԼ̬̫ǿˡصϡеƿģû뵽һѾ߾һٶؾܾ
Ϸʣȹңǲã㡱
㡭ƱңҲ檡
ŶЦһ檣޸˭
޸÷ĺ磿
˲̧ͷǴ㵣ô֪


 24 

Ժ
ĽҶĻ㱨Щ⣬ֻǲ׽Ӱƾʵݣ
ȥСѾԺɨ˵ģԭӵϲʧ棬䵽ӻľأ⻰߷桱
ĽҶĥһû뵽ֻ˸Ѿȥ˼ĶԺѾߣʹ˺˵Ĵԡ
⴫֪ոҲٻдãĽҶǮȡʮӣȥԺ˴
ЩģòöԺ˲˼棬ǾͲˡ¹شĽҶϸضһ
ģӻү˼ȥԺ֮ǰںķ֦Ҳȥˣͬ죬»Ƿġ
ӳӣôЩʧǣкû
ƣȥˣ
ƽ̴ľκзŵϣղȥԺȡΣӾġ
˼ÿÿΣĽҶͣĽҶֻ֣Ƶɫôˣвʣ
лģû¡ЩؿĽҶһۣտҪȥ򸮣
ĽҶͷ룬Ըȥҹɳ޵ӣҳȥС
ܴܲһȥƼѵؿڡ
ΪʲôĽҶɻƲǶ֮
ҼҸڵ´˵үػؾʱɽˣغΪүһڻҺԺ˵ţб㺬ᣬңȥ
ĽҶȣû뵽غֻǵС˾ְȥغû⣬ѱ롣
ĽҶԥȻϻ˼书Ѿߣغ⻴仰ֲ֮࣬ǰһֱûϣϲÿһ˸ƣһ˸ӦƵ
գ򸮡
ķ˹ﶼΧһµɣַǷĽҶ񣬱ˡ
˵ȥغͻأôôãĽҶЩġ
صģ⻴书һһģѰӸĶ֣ͬһ𣬲µġ
ĽҶҵĻ԰תת⿴һϤӰ
ҶҲĽҶ¶ϲԱߵ˴Ҵ˵˼䣬
ĽҶմһϮźɫ֦ȹʩ죬֦ͷһŵ滨¶ˡ
ԶĽҶĺҶÿμĽҶþϲͬ޶˵Ĵ磬ĽҶεŵĴ磬ҶƲ۾
Ľμϲ磿
ĽҶܵصͷڵƵİΣ
ҶݿĽҶһ¶ĵЩһϣ˵ϻ㲻ҴٵԺ˸ҹơ
GĽҶعҶݷҵˣ
ЩҶ㣬ֻҪĽԸһΣɪҶֿһʾꡣ
ޣĽҶĲмҶݻſھֱӾܾ俴Ժ¶ĵɫȹһǡ
ĽҶ΢΢һͣתݸһЦ粻֮ǰçײǣñ簤˴򣬲֪ں𣿡
ҶݳһϻӼĽҶ̬ȾºͶˣ۾ĽҶ毺õӣԸԭң˿ȻͲˡ
ĽҶԣ磬ȥ߰ɣȥ̫̫˵Ů춼ںߵͤǶ
ҶȻ֮ãĽҶ
Ժѩ濼ֱţҶݹȻˣϻػŵȢĽҶΪ檣һί
ڵΣҶݱĽҶԵߵȢĽҶǻǵ
ѩ濽ץԴУŲҪһĽҶ
ĽҶһ·Ҷģߵҵˮߡ
չһǳȹЦ⳯ĽҶ
ĽҶһϻ짲Ľ̡
һ֮ǰ䵭չϻһϯҲǹ֪֮ǰԼжͿϴμŻȥչлˡ
ˡ˵㣬ĽҶ뽯̸ͬܣ֮ǰѩ濵ֿѣ֪Ʒ˲
Ҷɻ󣬡˵ʲôôˡ
ѩ濣ͬãȴ뷽跨ҡֱڿ죬һѩ濵Ķж˵˳
ôᡭҶ𾪣ؼҶҼǵؼҼҷϣλᡭ
ƲƲ죬үʱؼûˣȻѩ濺ڲˡ
ں˵ĽҶĿ⣬ͷһֻѩվϣȻ˽̵Ļɫһ󷢰ס
Ҳѩ濣һĽҶչȥͤɣҶҲڡ
ȵȡĽҶͣԭأĿҶݺѩ濶֮תתôϷôֱ뿪
粻ͬһȥ𣿡ĽҶĿӯӯҶݣζ
ҶݲŽ˵ģѩ濻ĽҶĵ̣޲ֱӹȥʸ¶ĽҶĿ⣬ҶݰĵɻЦȻȥˡ
˷ûѩһ㣬תͤȥû߼ͨһ
ĽҶֻѩ濵Ѿſűߣ󺰡иɫӰ
ĽҶ̲סкãѩ濹Ȼôڡֻô˵˼䣬ѩ濾ŪôһˮϷ
ĽҶȥҶݵķӦͼһɫӰ˳ȥԾУѩȥ
ĽҶֳޣ氮ҶݳȥҪԥԼղ˵Ļøɸɾ˿˼δ޻Աߡ
ĽҶþίƽĽҶֻɡ
ѩˮֵúܴԭں˵ĸŮ춼˹һűΧˡ
ĽҶܣͤ￴Ҷ̫̫Ͷ̫̫Ƚƣһ˹ȥ
ʲôݶȥˣȽüͷ⺢ôô֪أûȥʲô
Ƚ˻㱨ļ٣Ҷݳ£ҪȥͼĽҶ
Ľˣ£
ղſѾ˾˴ǽԱߵӡ
Ƚ˿Ľɿˮ˭ݶôֱȥˣɲȳ嶯ˡ
Ҷ̫̫һڰ֣ˣȥݶʲô㵽Ƕʡ̫̫ͰؿĽҶĽҲһȥ硱
ĸĽͲȥˡ
Ҷ̫̫Ц⣬ôݶΪ˾˶㣬ˣ
ĽʹӡĽҶĿᶨɫλ
Ҫ˻顱


 25 

Ҷ̫̫ԭѾ⻰˻ȥһ˫۾ĽҶδвݡ
ȽסˣĽγԣΪϻԺģүѾطˣݶǾٷˡ
ĽҶҡҡͷĸ֪ˮȥΪǾ˭
Ƚü룬ȷѵǸ
ĽҶһЦؼҶѩ濡
ؼң֮ǰ̰ҡȽƼĽҶͷҶؼ֮ǰҶѩʱʶˣ˵ҾͶѱ˽»᲻
Ƚ¶ɫ׼ѩˮǹƣ̧ۿҶ̫̫
Ҷ̫̫˿ڲ裬ɫûʲô仯ݶ˹ˣһ򸮵Ӿòǹס˭Ҳû˭ڴܳǰôظ˾˱ˣȻɸؼȥɡ
ȽҶ̫̫һԼĸѩ濸ղűʱܵŮ죬򸮵˶Ƕ϶¶ˣ̫̫ȴһʴֻ˵û˿
ѩˮ𣬰ؼڵľѩ濸ҶҲʲô£̫̫ȴһҧֱͻȥһҲѩˡ
̫̫㣬㿪ڣͰ˴ˡȽתĽҶЦŵôüģݶǶȥ˵ʲô˵ġ
ĽҶλ̾Ϣø𣿱Ͼѩ˷ѾĻûܽҶҵţһ޸Ҷݲѩ濵ƣҶҲƶЩ⡣
ĽҶǷһ˿ɬһᶨҪٹһùҹӣҪججߣҪԼѡҶݲѡȻҪ
Ƚ߹סĽҶ֣ߣȥ硱
ĽҶ֣أĸģҲ硱
Ҷ̫̫ȽƵɫˣҶ̫̫²ǶϷͬݶĻҾͶˣĽĸĻ𣿡
ĽҶҡͷĽǲ֪ĸ;ĸһƬģֻǱȻˣֺαǿҪޡ
ʲôˣؼҹΪ˸ʺƣݶῴһᱻŪȥ𣿡Ҷ̫̫ƽʱȰһ˿ɫҪ˻飬Ҫһô³𣿡
ᵽҶݣҶ̫̫˱ʹСŮܾԭеĻ£һҪƶ־ҲӦˣվ޷ˣȥǰ֪˶ٿࡣ
֪ݶǺͿ˵㣬Щë޹̹ģԼˣܺ𣿡
ˣĽҶĽ֪ĸһƬģĸԼ޷ˣѿ⣬ѵҪص𣿡
ȽĽҶĻĵǶĸȥ˵ֻһ䣬Щ㶼ôϲݶѵ˵¾ͷˡ
ĽҶʹԴ䣬ֻΪСʱÿ˶ȥѰ棬ҵװϲ磬ĸ;ĸͲˡ
ɵӣɵӡ⻰Ҷ̫̫̲סˣһסĽҶļͷݶĺӣҵŮĸôΪϲ㡱
Ҷ̫̫ĽҶЩĹɶ£˽ռ˶ίŻҲ˽²óϲ
ĸǰȥʲôҲû˵ֻҺúչ㣬û뵽һǺͿˣİ˻¡Ҷ̫̫۽ǽʪ󣬡˻飬Ǿ˰ɡ
⻰ĽҶŵˣһԱߵȽ𾪣̫̫˻Ǵ£ҪҪͬү
Ҷ̫̫ڰ֣ҶֱȥոүǶȥ˵ĽҶ֣һغס죬㲻ϱˣҲҵŮû˸ҵͿ㡱
ĽҶ۽һʪ̫̫ǵȥ־֪˽˻ȥס죬Ľл£ȻѾ˾Ҫе
Ҷ̫̫ĽҶ˵οʧȽƷųͤӡ
ĽҶͣԭأ̫̫ԶƮƮĴϣ˼
һĽҶոʱ˵ȥغ㣬ȥһʱ˻δͬ⻴ȥĸԺӣǹȥ
ǰԺˡȰ򸮣ǰԺнǻٵȵȰɡ
ĽҶҡͷзִģôû׼·⣬뵽һƵоĽҶߵȭͷߣȥǰԺ
˴ȣ߹ţײߵƣ⻴ˡƷ΢ңͨ죬һǿ޹
ĽҶһ¾ô£ǲ
˵ʲôأ˫ۣǳغˣԺòˣ̫Ĳſһ
ĽҶЩɣ⻴һֱƣ
⻴ͷƿغʱҲŽӣغ˿źأƹͬ˵Ż̲סˡ
ĽҶһ̫ľԱˣһĳ
ĽҶż˳򸮣ҪһС˴Ҵ˹չҼҹȵȣлͬ˵
ĽҶһСҶߵˣ֣¼ŻظҶʲôɸ˴ˡ
żˣҶǧҪĽҶ£æ˵鼱֮²ŻȥعģѲһͬ
Ѳ̫̫ǰѩ˵ɣҶ̫̫ղŵ̬ȣȻǰ˻Ǩŭѩ濵ϣѩˮһʵǻС
ĽҶƽЦЦΣԺ޹ˣڴ̶ôҶݣ㲻˵ֱ
ո԰Ҷӳ仨ͷףһŮòϸֻ΢΢԰ժ
ӵˣ˿ɾͲˣȻȥɡһѾСȰ
ɫкΣŮʿ˵⺢ү壬үͲˣ˵ʲôҺúӣŮ˵Ļ
ôô˵ˡѾŵøϽܣˣҪѰ鷳ˡ
˻ӣǵж𣿡
ɲô˵
ɽ·ĽҶŮӼۣ־ϻϳ̧ܺظС檣óһӣղϻӭⲻ㻳˺ӣǱϴѹˡ
ĽҶصԺֵ֪ĽҶ˻飬ļ٣ôУ̫嶯ˡ
̫̫ѾӦˣˡ
Ҳǵ̫̫Ƕ̾Ƕô죬ƤǳˣֵĺôûˣپǶĸһ˵׼ʲô
ĽҶֻЦЦ飬δȥԺĶ
ڶգҶŰ׵˵ˣ־Ͱٰ׷ʣҲû˵ĽҶġ
Ҷߺ־ͲδĽҶֹ˼գ־ͲŽĽҶԺһš


 26 

˵һţֻ־ͣϡԴ󣬱Ų֪־͸˵˸ӱһͨ˼Һ󣬴һҲͣˣƺİĴޡ
˼ΪڵǰæЩûˡ
õò࣬־ͲڣǰգҶҶүˣãֻ˵Լҵ⣬˵ʵ顣Ľ֪Եɣ
ĽҶҡͷԭ˵ģһΪϹġ
־Ͳδ⣬Ҷ˵ףԼһֱǿͷϣ˾˰ɡ
ĽҶо裬־λô˵ɰͰ͵ſĻ¸;·أûˣ־͵ĸԣٲ˴һͨƢھƽ
Ļû˲ֻĽҲʮˣ˵һˡ־ĺӣȥݷӴˣ̸㻹޹С
˭֪Ӹλǵõڵƻϼһ桱־ЦſĽҶ
ĽҶһ˵˿ǻɣ
־ͷǣڳпһة˶Ҫ֣ۣܵĸ
ĽҶɫĽûǴλѾʮˣҼˣ֪Ǻ⣿
־ֿ۾͸̰Σݵĸҵģ㱻˻ˣܼʲô˼ң޽ȥĸ
ĽҶµ˫ȭգҶصذ˻ĹҶңΪľǲӰ̸£־͵ãڣȥһֻ̤ײĵͷ檡
־˵ĽҶܲµһһݷʲ־˽־˵ΪԸ;һŮʲô
ĽҶ֪ã־ֱε£ֱ˵ҲԸ⡱
־ϵ˳飬ˣݣ𣬾Ҫɼ޲ȥϹˡ
־߶߶ĽҶĸ죬һԼ޲ôĽҶȥ޵ӡ
ĽҶɫƽȱʹٿӵ檵ĺô־գ˫£ӽͷ㲻ˡ
ף㻹ǵĸȥǰ˵ʲô𣿡ĽҶֱֱؿ־͵۾һ˿ʹ
־һ㶣㣬һЦʲôҪҲڱ˻顱
ĽҶЦһĸһĴôˡ
־Ѿҵõˣ⼸׼׼ɣȥӡ
˵ˣҲޡĽҶֱӴӵվ𣬴ϵһ״ˤڵϣ̶
־ӭĽҶᶨĿ⣬ûһ˿ãвЩ浾˳Ůʱˡ
˶һԿţ־Ծû뵽ĽҶҶײ⸸ףһӣǸĸ֮ý֮ԣ㸸ף㶨µĻ£ɲ˵Ҫ
У㲻Ůٵ£ʹǽ֪;ܰŻȥɡ
δ䣬һֱȵĽҶϣĺۣ־ŮŮ
ԭһԿϷڿ־;ĽҶˣϲüңæǰĽ㸸ģǸ
ĽҶĬϼ˭ҹĻ²ĸŵģҪ޵˼ұƶˣҲû˵һ䣬ô͸游ˡ
־ôӵۣ֪ĸνģûнԼ£֪߳ܡ
ᵽҶݣĽҶ˷Ӧ΢۾ݺݵ־ͣûнգ㻹֪ĸɽš
㣬㡭־ɨɢһ޴죬ľͬȫҲнգڱĽҶֱӵ࣬ˣء
ⲻТŮҹصԺȥûҷ׼־ͼӲ֣ǧСأѺȥ
ӻ࿴һۣĽҶ˵һ䣬ˡĽҶȥ˺ԺһƫƧ
үϸ־͵˱裬ԹɫĽС֪⵱ĿģΪүء
ߣҺҺȥ󡱣־ϵⶶ˶
ⲻ֪¡üҶ˶췹ˣʲôҲˡ
ϼ˵Ҫ˵үҲס
ôҲҲԣ־бһۡ
ûʲôףֻүαĽأ˭ҹĻ²ǸģǷŮ
־üͷΪⲻҶǱߡ
ø˰սҶ֪ˣĽѾ̧ˣΣ
־ԥǵǱߡ
ͿүôѡˣǱ߿ֳɵķȱôýҶǱߣѵ㲻ĽͽǾͻ࿴ոһۣ
־ϸϸ룬һӣ˰Ժã׼Լȥϣհ鶨¡
ոԺ
ʳСش֣ŵӣϽͷƫƧСݡ
񿴵ʪķ䣬ӶûУػҳĽҶŴ⣬ﲻ˿ǻūˡ
ĽҶתûԤеǱ㲣ɫӹʳУؿʼԸ㡣
ĽҶƽˣү˰ԺΧˣǳȥ˶˵үѹȥͷ檣ȥҶ̫̫š
ĽҶÿɷ񣬼Ź𻨸⡣
ĽҶô£żˣ˶˼Ҿͻ̧ӹˡ
ĽҶ˿ӸôûˡȻ߻˻飬Ͳµ־͵ķӦ
־˰ԺΧˣôģ
˿⣬⼸㶼֪˴¡
ڻ԰ɢʱһһѣĺûˡ˵ǸӤͬүأ˵µĶ֣ݳüɹҺųôи˳
ĽҶָ棬⵹Ǹûᡣ
ǱߵѾʶ𣿡
룬ߵĺҵʶ˵ϼ仰
ĽҶǳǳһЦ񼸾䡣
ɣǵʲôôүıɡ
ĽҶŵü°ˣȻͲøͷˡ
Ժ
죬ֱˤڵϣ㣬㣬Ѿͷء
æŶ룬ūڣкηԸ
ôòôû˺ӣҲˡ
СﻹᣬԺкӣĹȣӿɾͲˡ
񣬡кӣүںһǱǼٺһΡ
Ŵ⣬ַСϣ⺢ӣҴҵؾȥˣҶԲ
ū˵⻹û¾û˵ĺӣ껹䣬ûתͶֻ̥Ϊꡱ
˵ʲôʧǣҿĺӡ
Īе˵˵ֻҪ뷨ʦһ£ȹ꣬СӾתͶ̥Ϊˡ


 27 

ǼһһڻҪ취£ǮֵĻü
ˣ⺢Ѿûˣү˵û׷ﻹģ˷£¾ҹȥˡ
غ˿ڲ裬ǾͲӸǱߣͰ죬ִ󣬵Ҫأǻ
պԺ
־ͬһͬԺӣΪĽææ⣬ҪˣҲǺˡ
־࣬ĵϲΪүǱģүƽܵ
ϻû˵꣬ʹ˳үˣһΪүϻңҲԺء
Ϊû˺ӣϴ棬ɫ԰ףݣ־һϹʲôأϻѵ㰲ؼûԵ˼
˳صͷ־ŽӡϿһĻֱҧǮָϽȰû˺ӣպûڷΪһʱִ󣬿ɾͲˡ
ϰеŭŽӡ
ķʦŻɫɴۣľдʣһʽ˲ٷ䣬ձүˣСѾͶ̥תˣȥ˻˼ҡ
ǾͺãǾͺáᣬҲͰˡ
־һΪ⣬ͨȥȡٸʦš
ʦӣ־ۣӵλү࣬ϲ£ҪǨˣ
˻־»ʦῴࣿ
ǰڳɽ̫ͬѧ꣬Сҳݡʿ˵Űڰ֣Ҫߡ
ʦ־ͷԸͨϲ裬̫˿Ժ绽꣬ֻɷǣټԼһ档̫˵ĵӣȻҪǧѷĺûˡ
ܷ뷨ʦҿһһ;Σ
ʦ˦˦ķ־Ͱүʮǰڻˮһͷ̾󣬴Ӵˣ˳족
ԣԡ־ͼͨ죬˶˵ǰͷС˵׼ϵɣշһǶԺ̽Ȣ˺ǧ𣬿ɲ˳졣
˸ÿˣм䣬ҲǸү࣬ǰЩ˳ֵʱתʱˡ
־ϲЦտҶȥû˺ģӽѹвùҹӿĽҶӦ֮ɲʱתˡ
־ʹһӣȥѿⷿʯŷʦ
ããòЩү񲻴ֻһʦһתüͷ
־Ͷλʦʮ֣ô˵żʲôзƳ
ʦһԵϺһۣ־Ͱڰ֣˽¡
ʦɫأү︻һպȨƣֻǿ¡
ʲô
ա
⻰־һ㶣峯ȥ˰ŵŷʦǲǿˣжӣڵ⼸æû
ѵѵ˼պ£־ֻ뵽һֿܣ˼һֱ޳ɣ⽣Ӱ̫Σգֲ˼һҪȥûƽˡ
ʦĪҡҡͷүӣһǰˣһû¾ûˣµСӣǺһɡ
־㱣ô᣿ѵ˼ҵĺӣ
Ѿ˵ˣֻүԸԸˡ
־ԥ˼Сͳңôܲҵĺӣ
ĸײڸºӵģ˶ӣ˵׼ʲô¡
ʦһѣ־Ǽµ˼ʱ˼Ҷݲҳȥֻдտ
磿
յһĻĻ¸־ǰԼҴ翴Ͻռ˱֮־ϸ룬˼ʵ硣
໨״ɱˤڵأ̶죬Ǵص졣
죬֣Ƿʦʲô²
Ͽͬһۣ˺ӾͺúûȥЪϢʲôûʲô¡
㡭̫
Ҳûãһү׼ͬһϿ˿ϵĵܣǵ⡣
ءű͵߿־ŭ˳ˣصȥ
ϼԼ巢ʲôүúõôˡ־ķʦһۣʿ˵Щʲôǲҵġ
ͨͨء־ͺȥռլ
־Ͷһ䣬һ֪ǹˡ㼱Ҵ
һѵǮ֣ȥ˼лδ˵꣬ͱߴȥ˺Ժã
ֵñңںԺƫƧСݵĽҶȻˡÿڴ;仨ûаż
²ˡſӵ
˵𼱡ĽҶ˱˹ȥ
ܵȲ裬͵
үˣ
˵ʲôԲĽҶԭҪҲסˡ
ģ˵ǰǶ£֪ģϾʹŭүؽá
үȥһ죬ϲŻҲˣôһܣ硭
֪һȫ˵˳磬Ͼ˵үƹȣɲڴˡ
ĽҶüֻµķʦʾ˼־ӣôֵز־;Ȼˡ
⻹ıɱ
Զ׼ĽҶⲽϻز˼ȥһϡ³ϲ˼ࡣҲûףֻת־͵עԼȡЩʱû뵽ôݡ
ߣȥÿĽҶȥӵǰ档
ҵˣһոȷҪţĽҶƽ˵ʮ㡣
ӶһۣʶȤÿˡ
ĽҶϸز鿴Ĵĺۼ־ͺܿñűϴȥͻ־
õĵѱϴڷ϶仹ǿԿѪĽҶü趼λԸһһԭ
ȻһӺ˽ȥѪڽ׵ǽԵø
ĽҶʱĳ־ʹռլѾ֪ԼԼҴñӣϺ˼ȻǴƢ˵׼봦ϡ
Ϻ˼ƵȴȻǹǽɴɱ־ͣһ
뵽־ͱɱǰֱֱŵ֣һ谮ŮˣΪ˲ϧԭ䣬һԺĶӣ̳мҵĽҶЦ˳
־޳ܵرĸʱһ벻Ľհɡ
úϺ˼ĽҶĵֻ˵Ŀ⣬Ϊ֪ãĸԴ־͡
Ȼһ£Ѿá
ĽҶոյķֲؽ䣬Ҳ𣿡
ô־ĿЩһֱݣ۰ݣԵøⲡ̬
ĽҶԲ׼ĳ˵ס
ףһЦһҪҼ޵֮ȥʱҾͲҵˣ˵ãҾͿˡ
ĽҶģ˵
㲻ҪҳװɣĽҶһҸһ£϶Ͳˡ
ﲻǲŵģΪ֪־͵ĳ£ˡ


 28 

˵ʲôĽҶ˫ͫر
Һﶼ֪㱻ڹôꡱЦ
ĽҶܿ侲ɲΪڸԣﵱǱɱģҶλӲ
˵־ĺݰõĻүүҽķӣͲһģһ֢״ѰиƲ⡱
ĽҶĬĬзֱ١
Цŵ֪㲻ң־ˣԺѰңҰ֤ݸ㡱
ĽҶüʲôҲû˵ֱ뿪ãԺ
żգĽҶʳòȥȥٸ־ˣĸףϿûٳĻᡣ
ȥٸߣò֤ݣϿɲǳصģô϶ɾˡ˵Ͼϰѱ̸ͬ׶ˡ
ĽҶ˼룬ٳ˾
ǰү̧ȥˡ
ʲôաĽҶϰףײҪͣղᣬϾȲ
˵컹ûͳˣƵɽˡ
ĽҶԭȥ⻰ֻ£һõ׷ʲôôڸ֤ݡ
ʱƴ߽ҶҶ̫̫ˡ
䣬ȽƾʹżӽԺĽռҳô£ôҲ˵һ
ĽҶȽƺ滹߰˸ҶЩɻ󣬵·ͻȻҲûϵ
ȽĽҶʾο㸸ˣոĸƼˣô죿
ĽҶ̾ľ£־ˣҪֱӶˡ
ȽƿĽҶһ취ģֵ˵Դɸ֣ϻ̫̫ͬ˵ˣҶҵŮôˣ
˼·ĽҶѵһ£û׹
Ƿ̫̫֮ȥġȽƺ˿ڲ裬ƽ￴ͦģôؼʱͷͿˣѲҶܿռұŮɡ
ĽҶһһˣ־ȥˣסȥҲҲܿϵƣֻǣ׸ᣬҾͰߣǲǲ̫׵
ʲôģҲ죬Ͱݲᣬ˵񲻺𣿡Ƚưοģоĸڣϵˮò
֣֡ȽƽнӣȥţñʲĪ˲
ĸĽҶԥңȥײ硭
Īģ̫үԺȥˡô˵ȽɫǴһ˿źĽҶĶϱѡϧԼҶӲ˼ҹˡ
ĽҶڷҶòˣʡý֦
ڶգҶѽĽҶȥ˺ҶһⷿױĽҶոĻ԰֪ȽͬϽģϾû¶ױ
ȫˣڸˡ
ĽҶһԺһ˿һЩѣתȥ
һСѾܳ
ҪĽҶͷһۣƺߵѾߡ
ĹȥԺӣ˵ŵԡ
ȽĽôˣ
û¡ĽҶСѾߵȥҹҲҪν֤ݡűֱ
˳дȽƽĽҶ˵ˮԺ̫̫ҪԺһסģԺӴЩһôҲҪһ¡
հһߵĵˮԺССЩԱ߾ˮСţԺҲкܶ໨ݣȤ֪ĽΣ
ԺӱԭȵԺˣһֱҪôƾɵԺӣԸԳǶ˾ĸĽҶЦЦȻ֪ȽƸŵˮԺΪҶݵĺͣԺȻˡ
ǼѾ߿ŶǶܸɵģϾǳزģ̫̫㲦˼Ѿߡ
Ƚ֣һĸ쵰ѾźĸѾ߽ӣͷīˣԸµ¶úܣá
ѾһһĽҶĽҶˣ֮Ƚȥ̫̫Ժӡ
Ľˡ̫̫˯ںȲ裬ĽҶЦݡ
һԭڸ̫̫ȵѾɻ˵ⳡ̵Ǳ˹ãô̫̫ģ̫̫ǣһ̫̫üͷ̲ˡ
˵̫̫ЦǺǵѵһ䣬ͷվһߣĽҶ˳ǰĽ£ĸˡ
˵ʲô̫̫ĽҶϡҶӢδʱɫǵոǶĸŮģˣһ˹ǶϻһʲƲǿôһܲҧ𣿡
Ҿ֪ĸˣĽ硱ĽҶЦӯӯʮĽģ
̫̫ĽҶ֣ԭǼƻٽģǽ游ص˵־Ѿˣճζ࣬Ƕ֣ӹúá
̫үģ
ĽҶȣ̫̫̫үһֱֻѰﱲһ䣬᣿
øԺţӷϴʱлл̫ү
ϣ󷿶˶̫̫ò֡ĽҶͬĹӹﶼ˼䡣
ֵҶЦʱԷбĽҶһֱۣ߿ˡ
ĽҶЦҶЦϵԶ֮ǰҲ˵ϻĽýȻΪҶݵԵʣҶЦǨŭ
ʱſʼˣ̫̫ϵЦԽԽʢĽɴסǸ缸ô
ҶȿڣĽһܶĸףͬƶЦ飬ȻǺˡĽҶЦЦŮͰס£ĪŲ
Ҷô˵ˣҶȻҲֻܸͣаǰҶȥ˱Ժ飬ײϱض
ĽҶлſ̫үղĸ˵Ҳ֪游ĽȥҽĽмлл
ĪĪ̫үڰ֣ҲǽĶһģҪлһĶˣȥл
ĶλԶү
ĽҶɻתת飬ͬλүûм棬ô˵
˸ղ̫үĻĽҶɫˣҶ̫̫ɫԳôæûջǺɡ
ôᣬͬĶ˵ˡ䣬⴫ҶĴүˡ
ĽҶϸ˿Ҷ˵ķӦ̫̫ԵüȻܲӭӣҶҶӶˣЩΪȻһ˿η塣
̫үĸԵЩ룬ĶմӾӪ
ĽҶ˺ģλүһλ̽⿴ȥ
Ӱٷ磬δ˾ø߸ϣƱˡ߽Щŷλүòǳڣ񣬷ʡ
ડĽҶĿֱ䵽˵ϣزסľȣô
лҪ˵һVлҵ֧֡
Ԥġġղ
İ
һԽֽżҵĳŮԲڵĸΪıǰ̣͸ʳ޶ȵ֪
ǰʮˣֽԥصһ信ŵعӡ
ֽԸ˽ʳĺӣֻŹˣôڽֻǹӿԽԽĪ⣬ֽ͵ֻųŮһݡ
ӽİ
ԥ½Ѳ飬һĵŮ֫һŤֱӵ޵ԥһν˴Ըլӡ
ֻ뵱ҽţ˴һһ⣬غܶ
ԥ룬ѵһƬģʹظŰա룬һ죬ǸڿӵŮȴֱˡ
ĸһԥӣҵˣݺĥһֽҲζ
һ죬ԥǰǧĵ˶ֻһŴġӡıһˮЩܿˡ
հǰ󲻴ҵֽˣ
˵õĥ׼Ůأ

 29 

ĽҶһ¿, ĽҶŻعָ˳̬ʼš
ĽҶ糣, ˾κˣͷӾǺүĳ
ĽҶ֮ǰͬҶȻ, һԽ֮в¥Ҫһǧƽ
ڶɽȣΪ̫¾, ˴ҹ, ˯һҹ
Ϊ˻飬аŮװȥԺҶ, ҶȻײ˸š
ĽҶ, ôÿҶȻѰ浾֪ģ˵, ҶȻ϶
ĽҶԽԽ޲ֱӻصˮԺʱҶȻѾ, ѵûһ, ̫ү˼, þͬ
Ŷ˶ԻĽҶ̧ۣɶҶȻ, Щֱζ
ĽҶЩţϽƿ, ȥϵˡ
ҶȻ⼸ʥ죬ﻹбȨ, ʾҶ̫̫ٲӣ˿ҲЦ
Ҷ˸˵ˣҶҶĹְȫϲʵȨдֻҶȻ˶ҶȻЦ
ҶķоͲдˣȻһҶ˵˰⼬ֻȥץ̿ͣôˣôץ
ҶֺõЦ֪ĵ߿ɷ񡭡
ҶȻһЦ綼кβɣһҾ̴Ӫ˸㡱
ллĵܣҾ˵϶ģ뵱ꡭδ˵꣬ͱ̫̫һۣҶڨڨסڡ
ţĽҶƵػ˵ˮԺվˮԺһҶȻںסˣ˾ͲˣҲþˡ
գī˵̫̫Ͷ̫̫ȥĽҶҪˡ
ĽҶ˿ϣŴӻ˼׷ɡ˶ҶȻүˣô벻Ǻүء
ԣĽҶ߷ߵȭͷɽҶȻƭģ˵ʲôм򶨡ҶȻ϶ϳˣŪ
⡭
˵ˣղ͡ĽҶ͵ת
īСүȥ
ĽҶ̽Ӵ⿴ȥȻһٷ̵Ժ
ĽҶ㷲̵ҶȻסĺԺҶȻòҪ˰ɡϾ֮ǰʵ㲻𾴣ûдҹǣΪ˲١
ҶȻȻûϺүǰİϷǾǴ˽ô
뵽ҶȻϺүӹĽҶˣҶȻǲռҵҲһˣŻô
롱ƿľţĽҶȥ
һĹսԭЩ˿Եһףᣬ̧ͷ
һ˫ĿüǷֻ˾λߵƱˡ
ĽҶԾ˺ϻɽҶȻʱȻҲòڣ˫ʱ֪λȨأֻЩ°ˡ
֪ҶȻݣĽҶĬĬ̾˿˭ڵȨǰˣСۡ
룬үء
ĽҶ̳һЦݣͷĬĬӡ
δ̧ͷĽҶܸܵͶĿ⣬λȻȻӡ
Ľġ
˾ˣ
ֱӶɤ˵ĽҶɿҶȻһۣű˼꣬˾ʵЩΪ
ҶҲֻҶŮͬϺүûѪԵĽҶ˼룬󷽵һ񣬡Ľү
ҶȻĵصͷȻ֪ĽҶĵⱾģ
Gʦģ
ĽҶһҶȻŵ֮ǰȥлҽ顣
ȷĽ͵ģʱȥԶ¥ĵ֪үյȻյˣͱƽˣһ¥Ҳ̫
ҶȻͷǾͺáⲽߵǰһ飬񡰵ǡһ»ƶ¶һİͨͨڰĵ¡

ĽҶŵ˺ҶȻʲôҪǰ¶ôҪĶˣӵ˵ôؼĶǲǳȥˡ
չҶȻѾ˰ЩŵĽҶ
ĽҶһգȹӽ˰Ҳ򲻹ҶȻҪҲҪס
ۣƸӣһյĹ򣬶ǰſһ䰵ҡ
һڴϣɫ԰ףԲѣˣ´ںڵѪ
GĽҶܿӦ˵µĻ谵ӵеҲٻ
ҶȻشϸ˿ֻٻ滹˺üζҩ
ҶȻͷϻٻɹҩ֪ⶾչзӽ⡱
ĽҶһԭҶȻصϺүȥΪæ˰
ٻǾ綾ǰҽƳ˽ҩһ˶ֻҪҩʱ޴󰭡εĶȴӶˣⶾٻ࣬ɵȶֶҩҩõòԣֻ»ʵ䷴
Ҳѧǳֻʱ游ζҩˣү뾩ҽЩ
ҶȻڴϵӣأλҽѽ⡣ǽάȣҲѰչİˡ
ĽҶĬĬҶȻڳк绽꣬Ȩ죬˵ҽȻǸˣҲǴӹҽˮƽҽⲻĶʲô
үޣҲèܰﵽү
ҶȻĿͣĽҶһ̣ŵⶾʮǰйһλҽֻشһ糣ж
˭ôôζĲܱסͲˣ಻Ƿȣǲˡ
ҶȻЦЦɫ游
GĽҶ˼룬үүôֲõ־Ͳϼ̳²ʱʹ
үүûи֪ҡ
ҶȻҡͷˣֻû֡˻ϵҽ顣
ĽҶ룬үүҽ鶼ԺүȤȥ
ҶȻɨĽҶںڵĳϵıĵռʱѩʶˣôʱôûһơҪˣ֪ҽ飬ȻṦȥݷáˡ
ҽͽܣͽܷҧһڣģӴٲ˴ھѧ涾ķӣҽˣչ˷ֵˡ
ĽҶҶȻ̫ˡʱүүȥˣʱֶϲȫүүλҪĶ
ĽҶܾһ̧۾ͶҶȻ䣵Ŀ⣬ĽҶֿ˿İﻢ°
԰ɡ
ҶȻͷź˵ֻѹɣȷ˾ͷˡ
ĽҶһصˮԺҽ鶼˳һͷ˽ȥ
úú÷֦Ǳ߹Ȼˡ


 30 

, ĽҶͲ⡣ɲؿˣһ⣬λưոݡ
ĽҶֱ뿪, ϶˵Ҷ⣬˼Ѿ߶Ժӡ
Һùûȥƺ, òȥѾ߶һͨ
˵Ӧû⣬ֻƭĻͷ, 񻰷һת, ֻǷ֦һҹ, , ֪λڿ
ĽҶΪ⣬һҳҽ, ˵ʲô
˵˵ñڹ, Լ׸綼ټһ桱
ѵ, ҽл, ĽҶ̧ͷڣ˵ʲô
Щż, Īֻ˵λ
ĽҶסα, һû뵽ʱ껹ԽϢ
ĽҶһĸͬĸԽҶȥһ汩, ʱĽҶףԽһ涼û־;ʹҴҽˣӴ˱տڲ̸
ĽҶ꽥Ĵţ˵Խ󲢲ǱУ־ͣһȥ˱߾Сǡ
Щڰ˵˳ֻλû׼ȼϣʼѰҶӣһǸʧ
ȥĽҶ˼õ
ż죬ĽҶ游ʮҽ鶼һ飬ߴᵽٻҽϼص֢״˵Ĳ
ĽҶ飬ĥôȥҲǸ취ȥҽʡ
ƣҪš
Ŷ룬ƹȥˣȥɡ¹óһȹĽҶװ硣
ôҲͬ˵һĽҶ˻ûˡ
֮ǰүǹԺǳȥںò˺Ƶھ´󴫻˵ĸײˣⲻվͼŻȥˣתһ
һͬȥ˳ĻشãĽҶȡȡҩ
ķӣٻ׺
һ۱㿴ˣʹⷽˣĽҶɫش̫
ɲǡп˿ҩڳ˼ʮˣ˿ˣصľǸڷϵٻˣһϻζҩϷڹϼⷨ˾һغˡ
ζҩϣٶ༸ζҩз⣿ĽҶҶȻյĻǺеζҩĻ϶
⻰ɲ˵аڰ֣ζҩǴΣٶ༸ζϷûνⶾ
ĽҶʧҩ˻شãˣǺ˵˭ᱻ˾綾
㿴񾪲ָԱߵӣһŮͬһվǰ
ƣĽҶϸ˿ŮһϮɫޣҶüӣҴɲǸٹҵơ
ĽҶĵԤУϸȥӣøߴһһ֪Ǹ˼ҵĹӸ磬Ӻȣ˵˼仰٬Ƶ
ĽҶԭأǲƭ˵ĸˣˣݾֹܣӻһլ
ôôֲһĺ󳾣ĽҶֻǰһжЩ㱡
룬˿ߣ͸ܵ洫ߣȻԼҹƵʱųһ亹
ʱС˹ˣ
ĨĨᣬңûˡ
ǲġҲýõˣȻȥӺãġ
ľս䣬ҿĽҶ
ʱĽҶѾ侲ˣ۶˵׷ʲôƶǱȵģܺߣƣֻƺ£˵ʵ飬ĽҶº͵ƣԸҵô𣿡
û뵽ĽҶûйءһ˳⼸շ¶г
ԭȥغ㣬óغİΣвƣƲóѣͶ˳غҩóغԶˡ
֮ǰүԺҲŽҶһ󡣵û뵽Ȳ´ˡƲϳ
ա˵ĽҶǰһڣĴ㡣
ƴҡͷҪģȻ˸˵Ӫˣżˣպլ
ĽҶһûеóѾͺáźɸֵؿƵԺͬ˵ʲô㶼һʱҡ
Ƶصͷ֮ǰǺ¸鷳Ų˵ڹﶼô˵ˣȻ뱻вˡ
ո˵պȥլ
õƵĿ϶ĽҶȥһõϢϡ
ѾˣԷǽ
ͷ¾Ͷˣ򽯹һˡ
ĽҶ˿ڻ裬⽯治ãǰ潻ѩôѣҪ޸ˡ
ĽҶŴ̵֦Ҷصһͷ
պ󣬳һ˽լ
ͬźƣײײſڵӣأ
ĵЦ֪үƹԡˣڷ
һЦĵصѧˣլӣһţֻһƬֻĸ΢Ĵ󴲡
ɫɴźľ񻨴󴲣Ӱ֣ƽһޡ
뿴һŻ𣬹˲ȥϴԡֱȥơ
Էֻͷ벻Ϊ⣬ֻƺߣȥ
ͷϣȻ⴫һ󼱴ٵӣӡ
֪үæš˽լ˾û
ǣүˡС˱ߺ߻ͷֻүһԽԽӿɡ
æҴϣúõĸô
ôʲô£һ߿һ˵үԱߵ˲һ㶣ôҲ
ͤһЦұھ¥úõغȾƣҲһˣ˲֪ýۻ軨˵ôˡ
ЦЦ˯һѾߣôϸߣͣһĵɣ˭ˣ
һ㶣￩һ£ⲻƵ
үɸֵصһۣ׼ҽ⵽ô£Ⱦƺȵһ룬Ƕˡ
˲ϵĺһ˲Ѿߣͨˡ⣬վ
ͤδ˵Ĺĵ˳ɣղūҪˣ
ͤЦ˴˵ǧؽ˸¥Ůҡʼţǿˡҽû䣬ҽͤҲż޸衱˵գһ˦䣬ŭլӡ
㣬ܼӡүϽ׷ȥúõûɣ˳ңͷ뻹ԭأϽȥ


 31 

ӡ
һҽ, ƹīĳҴܵĽҶǰ, ﴫӽ˴һ١
ĽҶִʵ£дһ, ȡһֽĻġ
֪˭, ׼², ˷ܵذѴӾ¥İԶ˳
ǽͤһ˵, һľľ, ˭뵽أ֮ǰһͬлԼһת, ҷĿɳˡ
˿ܵĿˣѹ, ˵˻Ϊ, ˵¥˻, Ⱦ˲ɾĶҲż˻ġ
ĽҶͣ±ʣͤԽ̻治, Ϊ˲𣬲ϧ롣ʢ, оонˣֻܳƿˡ
ȥѰҽ, ʹȥˣ
ͷôôһҲȤҽŵϣԸģ⾩ʮǰҽ鶼ˡ
ĽҶ淭˼мᵽٻ˵үүĻһ£򵥵ĽҩӣԺ˵ƺް
ĽҶٵضҽ飬ҶȻ˵ʲôҵҽ鷭ȥ˺üˣûͷ
׻Ķأ
ĽҶԼʱ⴫һһʿΧסſڣŵĿ˻æȥ
ô£
˵һűӴ󲽽ӣ˿ܵİ裬Ŀ¶׹ؿĽҶ
ŵ˺һŵʿʲô
ЦһƳĽҶһۣչ°һ̶װεʫ黭⡱
ĽҶ֪˵֮£ǰģ򶨣˴ƣΪΣ
ΪΣЦԵϵ˿ЩǱڻӲߣ˵ʲô
ĽҶüǼٹ˽Ѱѽ
ֳĶСٰԶԶšʱ¥¥Ĵˣ̿һۣȥүץ
ҶȻ¾ƱߵߣֻΧһŵĴʿڵվǰͷ
֮£һɫʯȹĽҶжˣչһЦ˵˼ļ̻Ѳ鶼ˣ
ţٰҪһСŮӽ
ǵȷǲҪĽҶɫݣһһ仺֪ܳɷҪѲ̣ҲҪѲģͷ˳ʾһ¡
ߡ۴мѲҵѲᡱذ嵶˳ĵâŵΧ۵İշ׷ȥ
վǰĽҶһ㲻𣬵ɨ嵶һۣŶô֪ѲģˣֶûС
˵㲻ʶ֣ǳ͢ɵѲĽҶһ棬˵ĻȴÿѪ
㣬㡭ѣ̸ѡ
¥ǰҶȻһȹĽҶ۵ףԾЦЦ
ֻ۾ЩɣĽҶֲӣҲڡ
뵽ҶȻⲽ˾¥ҪֵʿҶȻϥү
ԭͷ룬һҶȻ̱ɫүôˣСİأ˲ٱ
ҶȻûһۣĿںĽҶϣֻԱߵʵץõŵӪı
ⲻ³Ѿ¸ʾˡ
͵͵ҶȻһۣĦС̣
֪ʮ˼黭̿Сû׼桭
뻰˵һ룬ҶȻɨһۣк˪뱻ųһ亹̡ͨҶȻмˣҶȻʮη壬˿֪²
Сʧְү𷣡嵶ֲסĶүٸСһὫһﷸ׽ù鰸
ҶȻתתϵİָڵԭӪʲôģ
ʱң̻شԭǸξϧòλãһгʹԭˡ
ֳڵϣԸʵ˵ҶȻҶҹϵôΪҶһѵǵˡ
ĽҶͻıʴôֲԭǼƻҽҰæϾ̴ôҪϢԸһԹۡ
û뵽ҶȻһ仰ֱӽˣұȥҽҸ򵥣뱻ְˣҶȻⷬ𷣣϶Ҳɧˡ
ĽҶ˼ҶȻΪͻȻ֣Ȼͳģ֣̇ͷͼҶȻѾתȥˡ
ҶȻظһ飬үȥء
ĽҶҶȻ˾¥䣬ϵľϯͿŵĴ׹ˣղźĶǺҶȻ϶ˡ
вһ̾Ҷҳǰ浾ģôÿҶȻǰʧ˲ء
׵ҶȻĽҶһĽҶͬڸղŵĶˣɷֻվǶüԶɽǳˮܽذ
ҶȻ۵ײԾЦ⣬صǰˣ֮ǰ֪ʱȤˡ
֪үк£ĽҶ̬ʵ
ҶȻüң
ĽҶĬĬ˭㣬ҶȻҪ֣ĸΡ
ҶȻջߣѰ鷳ôͬ˵
GĽҶһ£ҶȻôС¶Ը֡
´鷳֪һɡҶȻɫֻרҳҩӡ
ĽҶ̾˳д֪ҶȻﲻ£˵׻Ҫҳҩӡ
ⶼȥüˣǺͷ֪Ӻδ֡
㣬ͬһɡĽҶ԰СҶЦһСŮ
ҶЦĽҶ˹ȥءҶЦ귽ʮһҲزס£ΪʲôҪ˻飿
ĽҶ糣ǳľʡ
ߣңѾʹˣ˵ִҪ˻ġҶЦΪŮȻվҶǱߣ߷߲ƽ֪Ϊ»ˡ
ĽҶҭҶΪޣΪûѩΪİɡ
Ҹﶼôϲ㣬ΪʲôҪ˻飬òĵĸ֦˰ɡҶЦױų˵ûִ磬ͱˡ
ĽҶɫһ䣬Ҷԣ⻰ȥˣֻúҷ粻ϣʱ̫̫޹ˡ
㡭ҶЦı˵±ίˣһ˦ӣس˻԰
ߣ߽ôˣԭͬҶЦһСŮ˫ۣɻؿҶЦıӰ
ĽҶӣǰ಻СŮסĸԺӣȥòã
СŮҡҡͷҲȥҪϡ
лҪ˵1v1ûа¹⣬Ůˡ

 32 

ĽҶ˿СŮϵ, ЦЦŮӦҶҴСŮŶɡץʱû鱦, Ҳûˮʻƫƫץ˰ѱҶ˶ˡ
ǻ԰, ôϣ
СŮ˷ܵǣĽҶƹһƬָ֣ŵ㿴, صظġ
ǰյСС, ĽҶЦЦҶع紫ŰСŮ
ŶҪ̽ô𣿡
G, ô֪ҽоŶ, ҶŶ鶯Ĵ۾ضĽҶ
ʱ֣ĽҶҶŶͻҶҴǶ, ҶŶ˵غĽҶ˻С֣ս, һ桱
ĽҶű˵ˮԺ, úź, üӶԣһʱ˷˷ҳүү֮ǰһ⡣
ҽ鶼, ЩСʱС˻ҡ
ĽҶһ壬ƬѾɫ, 紵ǵ졣
ƣФż, ĽҶһһȡ˳ԭүүԼôģôˡ
GĽҶϲ׷һϣϺõƤģ껹й
ĽҶ˵࣬žŶôϲϣȥɣҡ
أСʱɲϣѲүүģ
뵽ԽĽҶ˳ֽŻȴ
ĽҶɻҡҡ˵ʱֱˣ澹ȻŶ
ĽҶССп򣬿۾һչдţ᯻֢״ҩ
ҩ
ĽҶֲҶȻ˵ֻҵԭүүǿ
ֻǿϧҩ֢״ƣȴٻ
뵽ĽҶһԴѻƣżͨͨˣȻ涼Žҩӡ
ĽҶдٻֽУҳϺ֢״ķӣ˲Ѿˣ˳ȥҶȻĺԺ
Ժſվһߴͬǰ࣬ԵЩ񣬿ĽҶ¶顣
ĽҶʵأ
ر˳ȥˣҿﴫ
㡭ĽҶ˵һ룬ͼһ˺ƺƵ̧ӽԺӡ
ֻëɫѩףɫ۾ӣĽҶֱ۾ӺƯ
͵ǱТүģүͽλ͹桱
ĽҶͷֲӵ۾ԡ˽˽ȥĽҶղŵĻͨүһҩѰˡ
ˣ롱ֱӰĽҶ
ҶȻõҩ˳ȥץҩĽҶ״㹦ˣ뿪
ȵȣҲһͬȥҶȻϴΰһ飬򿪡
ĽҶԸҶȻ˵ƣĬĬȥˡ
ڵµĻһУӹҩ󣬿˺һүˡСֱԣҩ̫ܲԡ
ҶȻüʵΪΣ
ҡҡͷⶾⲻˣүҲһСѾͷƬӵģ̿Ϳ¹ش󡱡
ĽҶݣȻⶾˣүүһҽо˱үү
ҶȻ˼һĽҶҩмɰգ
ĽҶʵҲֻǰ֢״ڼٻҩѡϵġ
ҶȻӹĽҶȥ⼸ҩϸ˿վͰҩ족
̾˿ȡҩҩʼ
аѽҩιº󣬹һյ蹦򣬺˲ûдӻѹʼϳ鴤°ĭ
иϽʹӰҩ˳̾үҩȻ⡱бĽҶһۣû׼Ǳļϸүɲݾͷ˾衱
㡭ҩûѾĽҶڻпˣĽҶȾһɫλǼϸֲҪҩġ
оС۾񣬸мĽҶ˵ҶȻֵү֪ŮĻļƣõòķӣյȥѰ񲻱ֱӸҩ
ôһѣҶȻ뿪ɽȺĽҶҽ飬ٿĽҶ˻ɣѵƺõģ
ĽҶѪòᣬڰڵĴ֪ԼȲˣͻᱻϸˡ
ҶȻԭأδжżˣүϸ룬̿¹شǱôһ㶯ûУ͢밵˿ɲ٣ǧѶϡ
ȵȡĽҶһ˼ڤէ֣ڣó⼸Žҩӣ
ҶȻ˼ؿ˹
֮ǰΪΪеٻŪˣ֢״ϵĸŽҩӡĽҶҵ᯻ķӡ
мϣүɲˣһδķӣ̿׼Ȳˡ
ҶȻīɫĽҶһ˵
̾ΥҶȻӰҩιȥ
غûп°ĭˣҲûѹĽҶ߬䣬ĬĬе˵˶ԳоҪˣҶȻҲŹ˰ɡ
˴Լʱһۼֶˣү˾Ȼˡ
һ˶ӣ۾ĽҶһпǽϣŷԼıǺ
һѣҶȻͻ׼ֽʣʼѶĽҶ򱻴˰뵽һӡ
ϣĽҶ˼ҶȻҪѰҩôкڰ׵ߵ䣬ͱɼϸˣҶȻȻЩ
պûѹҪɱ
ĽҶԽԽ߷߲ƽʱӵűƿ֮ǰȥ˽ү
үǳ͢ȨΣ̫̫ţ
ĽҶ˵꣬һ˦ţس˺ԺԺһûȥĽҶ
û˵İ仰ʳУƵүصҹôֱˣȥ̫ˡ
ĽҶصˮԺƶŵòᣬȥĶˣɰǼˣٲǾҪȥ̫̫ˡ
ĽҶڰ֣û͡ԡºľ񻨴˯˵ڶ硣
ỽˣء
ôĽҶ§űһתȥ˵ʲôҲȥˡʹڵˮԺˣҶȻ
ӣͶġ
˵˲ĽҶһ˫Բ۾߷ߵߡ


 33 

ʱѾī˽, ˶ү㲻ϲ, ҲصȨƵˣһ仰ܶ¡
īȽ, ĽҶ鶼īȥģνǾľ, ĽҶȻܲ, ϴһ˷š
, ү, նðҶȻõ, ĽҶԺ˶˺ġ
ĽҶΪȻ, û, ʲôǸ, ĳδ̫ûˡ
űԺ￴˺üӣүصˡ̽ҿϵĺڲ, һֻɫ۾ؿ⡣
˵գ, һμүĽҶǺıҪүŮ˷ڿˡ
ߺ, ˵ذӣӿϡУ۾ɫģԡī˵һֻ޼أһֻѡ
óȥĽҶΪ⣬ûôƢأһֻӾͲˣ
ӡĽҶһۣ̻ذõ˺ԺƽﻹǾţʮġ
պѼӵ˱øĽҶĿ֮ǰȥϢˡ
±־ϵУ֤־ΪⱩУĽҶȥѰʱȴһѾ뾩ˡ
˵һӻ˻ϼңǵô׷ʣҧ־ⱩУֱӰ˳
ĽҶ㷴Ӧ֤⣬ϳ֤֮еˡռլǱߵ˰ź𣿡
ռҴûʮˣֻҪҧϺ˼Ǿܰ׵־͵ļҲȻˡ
ᵽ˼ĽҶԥʵ˼ģ
ո˵ȥأһͻˡ
ĽҶóīֽ¶֣Ѱ˿ӱ͵ȥ
ׯϵϷšĸ֣֪վۣһɫµϹ£ˣԩ
ԵռҴ󷿵Ĵյߺ޵ԩʲôⶾıɱ׷̸ԩ
㣬Ѫˣүأλ¡ί
ɱ־ͺΪвĽҶѾ˸׼û뵽ĽҶûڣ־͵һ㲻ģס˺ٲոˡ
ϴϲΪɹһûĽҶû£ռլǱ˸ֶӣһҧɱˡ
յ׵֪ˣС֪ȥ󣬴ҴҸϵո䣬˭֪գѾˡⶾ飬±ǿ⣬αô
ȣ˵ôô˵үⱩУζȣѾʼˡΪүЩǰӡ
ߡյмؿһۣɫˣո˵ҶǰһȥãұȥϸѲһȻҷ֤ݡ
յͳĽҶ˸ƬƬޱȣ滹ѪƬԿǷִ֣ҶƱô򵥡
µֽ߬סôᣬյôƬǰɨ˺üãˣԩռҴÿƬǹ¶ĸǿǶĲƲҪ̡
յһҲƻ˵Ȼ˵ˣֻܿ˿ʬҶ򡱡
㣬ôҾ顱Ͽ޺үⱩУˣȴſóˣȥ˵£ү͡
׵֪ǰһ־磬üͷľ
ˮ
ĽҶ˿»ĲͼȣƵģ̫ˡ
±ĽҶ¥󣬱ˮĽҶԼԾغлޣֻ㻭ıȵϹҪѻøĽҶֻԼ͵͵
㻭ÿɱǿˡĽҶ˵滰µƱĲãзӵĿռ䣬⼸ȥ
Ӧ£˵Իʶµģ˵س¿ȥ¶ɬصͷ
ĽĽһŮӴҴææˮĽҶһҿѰˡ
ĽҶһ㶣ǰŮ㲣ɫ԰ףҪϲ֮ǰⱦˡ
ڨڨһЦЩӣںÿɺã
ĽҶЦЦ³֮ǰӦȥҹԼ˾֮ˣ̫̫Ϊ˲ģɴûиû뵽Ͼˮˡ
ĽҶĴԡ
һ㲻ĽҶԼɫ·ץס˾ݣ鼤һҪסռլǰˣǶոĲƲŷҪʬѾˣôһ֣ڵ¶ˡ
Խ˵ԽߣץסĽҶ֣Ľô˵ҲǺıȥ˵һ䲻ͬ⿪׾飬ǿ϶캦¡
ĽҶЦ˦ϵ֣ٴȥ
ĽĽϣϡͨץסĽҶ½ǡ
ΣΪβסǰȥ˻ҪˣסǣԺȥ¼Ҹɴһͷײˡ
վĽҶӡΪռҷˣǸ߸ϣſ̱ھȻ¹뵽Щ϶ԹĿ񰵵϶Ӧġ
ĽҶͷ۹ǰʹϣУɸȥ˵һ
ϴϲеʯͷ˵أǧл뿪
⣬ΪʲôҪѽ
ĽҶЦЦȸϣ̵ġ
ĽҶŻ˺̤ˮԺͼҶŶϲϲս㣬ȥĶˣҵþˣȥϰɡ
ĽҶҶŶԴôһ˹ģߵѾء
ߡҶŶһǶңҳ͵͵ġ
ĽҶѾȥҶ˴źҶŶһȥ˻԰
ҶŶòֺһ߽ͣԱߵ̶ҶŶܹȥߣƫˣֱҵСˡ
ĽҶ˲ЦƽϵҶȻ°ɫĽཬѵõǱŶˣɫ
ҶŶȻʶλסڸ壬ĽҶս㣬ȥϴϴȵҡ
ĽҶߵҶȻǰǿЦ⣬һ񣬡ŶүǣŶײ֪£ү£Īƽϡ


 34 

㿴, ˣҶȻƯӿĽҶӵ
ĽҶаʲôˣ
ҶȻ·ȡһ˹ȥ, Ȼ㲻ϲӣӦðա
ĽҶؽ˹һ, ״Ҷֻо·ʲô
Ժ鷳, ȥͨǮׯ, Ի
ͨǮׯµһǮׯ鲼ȫ, ҶȻȻô˵, ÿɾʹˡĽҶƣɱʵöˡ
ǶԵ֮, ĽҶҰҽ鶼ӡ, ȥ, ԺѰˡ
ҶȻЦһ, Ҳû뵽ԼǮлᱻǱĽҶõҪ֤, ˣұȥͤؽ˷ˡ
ĽҶʵ, ʱ
ҶȻ΢˾ǣҲغˡ³, Ҳ
ĽҶշϵķΧҶȻҶҹϵˡҶȻǳ˻ǾԶ֮ĺá
ս㣬ҶŶ˻
ĽҶҶȻЦЦҶŶȥˡ
͸̵֦ҶڶϣϸĹâ
ҶȻվ󣬲֪˶ò뿪
ӡ
ĽҶ֮ǰүүҽ鶼ӡˣҶȻһݣҽ԰βˣ츣յ뷨ӡһЩ
ֻүүصزҩĽҶѡˣܾүүЩҩ֮ڣĵ
˱ǰ棬ӿҵһ࣬⼸쿿ЩҽЩˡ
ĽҶü벻ɲǰ취ȥȡȡ
ֵļһ³ᡣ
ĽҶڿϵ̨̨ҵִ
ƹͷػӻ֣ţͬ˵˶ٻˣ̲ЩĻ㵽ȥʡ
粻ڵƾɵӲ˲ϵĺƹģˣҼﶼҲˣԣû׼ȥء
ƹҡͷô򵥣ȥӡֽīɱĸߣȥȫˮƯˡ
ĽҶһڹ̨ϣ˺ģдô౾ŵһĲֵ
ĽҶһ˷۾һ̫Ϥˣϲش˷üۡ
ĽҶᣬİ಻סȸԾȻ
ĽҶͷƼһ񣬷Ĺӣɻʵǣ
˻ʧϻͬĽҶˡ̸ΪĽҶļ㵹ֻΪżûϣˣȴѾǵˡ
ĽҶ˵תЩˣԿۡ
һɣ˵ĿģĪҿЦ
ȻȸɶúãټǮ
˵ģҪҳ顱ͨ죬ѣںд飬˶˵дûõ⣬ӡ
ΪҺڣܱ˾Ṇ̀û̿ϼ飬ھ˿Ҫ飬ȸ𣬷ϲ񣬲ԾؿЦ˼Ҿ˵Ҿ˵дĲǷֽ
Ļĵоŵܵˣ˽ͷӶ۷׷ףĽҶΪոŵƷ
ĽҶԴ˵̹ȻȿۣҰѶȸˡһ˿Ȳɽζ
˻ȥôĿмвѧĹ⵱˼ڶǳĻĵúõʥ鲻ƫдЩ¾Ķֻ»ز˱
ĽҶЦЦ֮͸У仰˻ĻΪ⡣
ȴˣＸ˻׻ȥ¹ĽҶڣϽ˵ȥˡ
ֻҪĽҶóǮȸʮպúãٸ㲹ϡ
˻һ˽Եһ־£Ҫ֪ĻдֵĶҲ
˻ĽҶĽ飬һУЩˣˣӡȥɾˡ
ĽҶǰλ忡ŵЩЦֲʶôǮ
лѡĽҶӯӯһЦȻƶȥɣͬһģķܷҾǡ
˻ȣ˼Уעʲô
ڳǶ˼̣һڲһᣬұ͸㡱
̵ƹɵˣεҡҡͷһ룬֪һ᣿ƹô꣬ҲûһһǧỰֱ͸һӰ
˻ĽҶŵӣﶯ˶ˣ͸һɽɾͼ
ĽҶüëһɽɾͼǰֵǧӣе¿׬ˡ
Ϊ֤ιĪˡĽҶʩʩȻ̣»ҡͷ𾪵ˡ
ĽҶӡ֮½󣬱ڳˮӹ˹䣬⿴˳ſӿ˲ϼҴڵİա
ôˣּ𣿡
һŴŮææ˳ǣĽҶʻҡͷͤɽˣɱˣͤҵ˲ϱˡ
ĽҶԾͤ⼸Ǻιѣ
ˣ˲ⱣɱӣǾͽˣԲͶݡ
ĽҶĵ˾أƵİն׼ˡ
ʱԱ̵߲ϰ˳ʲôӵģǰҶѾȥͤˡҶñɽ˲ڻ¡
Ҷȥͤˡ׼УƽǱΧҹҶһΧ˵Ҷ񽫰
ԭŽǵİգҶȻȥͤؽ˷ˣ׷˿档
ĽҶȣֻ֪ҶȻڳȨ죬֪ڰо˸ߵĵλҶȻ귽ʮ֤꣬λ꽫Ĺ֮
ĽҶ˼ػ˵ˮԺīǰ̫̫Ǳȥš
ĽҶ뵽⼸æŸ£̫̫Ǳȥò̫ڣʱ˵˲ٻ̫̫ġ
̫̫ȴͬǰЦǺǣֻɫؿĽҶ
ĽҶﲻģź̫̫ˣĽ֪ķأ¿ʬ£
̫̫һ࣬ĽҶ˵ٻҹңʲôû
̫̫ĽҶ֣̾⺢ѽ̫ˡ
ĽҶתת״̫̫˵ѾưˣϺ
̫̫ĽҶĬֻΪŵˣ⺢ӣѹôꡱ
ҲӦãչؽû죬͵üˡ


 35 

˵ˮԺ, ĽҶ˷ϢԺˣǰԵҰ, ˵û˾ûˡ
īۣ¶һȻĵ飬ǲֶ֪̫̫, ϶䵽زˣô, ֻ̫̫һ仰¡
ɻ, ıɱ׷һ, αؽ֦أ
īȻȶ֪ö, ˵ϻأĴ, ռҴ󷿻в岻Ĺϵһе
ī˵, ּһ, Դ, ǿĪͬ˵Щ
ƶһۣûô򵥣Щǹƺ˵ġ
, ĽҶҶ̫̫ȥ־͵ķر, ȻΪʬ࣬ѾˣΪŮ湦Ҫ, ȥһ¡
ʮδĹأĽҶҡҡӣóͣ£·ߵĲˮϢ
ǲѩ濼ҵԺ𣿡֮ǰĽҶѩ͹ʶؼҳСԺЩӡ
̵ϰ˽ӲؼҵԺӣѩѾˡ
ϰ⣬ʮİԶ壬֮ǰ϶ȥؼףѩ濶ϣأΪԼǹټС㣬žҪʸ֦
˴ΪҶҹӣҲǹݵģֱ˼Ҷǲϣ˻ؼҵˡ
ϰ˵üɫ裬°ȻѩҲǸҪǿģ֮ǰڳ￪ӣ©ƫҹ꣬ӱˣǷһˡҺü˻ųԷأһģ޸ϵСӣ˲Ǯڰ˻ˡ
ϰ˵ѹǮҵСǸɵģ˵Ǯóôһӡ
ĽҶϰĻڶƣƣҶݱ̫̫ѩΪ檣ҲῴѩǷһծԹ۵ġ
֮䵽׷ʲôҶݾˣ
뵽ĽҶҡҡͷ֮кθϵ
ԶɽĽҶȥ־ͣĹǰɶһ֪Ĺڹˡ
֮ĽҶ㵽ԽĹǰ֮ǰȥ˵£ֻʱ꣬˵硣˵ԽΪ߻ħеģ˵Խȥ˽ϵġ
ĽҶɽ´һźڼ̧ŹľǷȥ
ôˣô˺Ƶ
ԱҲŵǵˣ֪ôˣȻܵɽǰһء
˶ΪǷˣ˭֪һڳ⡱
ǹײﾹǿյġҡҡͷ˵ǵϲŮǰڼڹײʬûˣҪˡ
ĽҶ˴˻Դէ֣Ҫ֤Խǻټ򵥲ˡ
ºĽҶȥ˽ڳɽׯĽҶɽׯúõʲôɽׯıȵϺ
ĽҶһƲ죬ҶſģĳסգԹӣû뵽㾹
ε̾ܲⲻǵ𣿡˵ɫɽׯƫԶûͬ˵㲻˽Գš
ĽҶͷӦ㣬м¾ҪˣԺ飬ôһɽׯˡ
¶ݣ⼸һֱͷǰЩ컹۲ˣŵ̫ţ˰·ãԲɽׯɢɢġ
ĽҶ֮֮ǰѾһΣĵֲǡ
ĽҶɽׯס˼Ѿȥ˸ĵΡҹĽҶһĳɽׯׯļϡ
ҴСĺֵܣ˵ġָָ
ĽҶͷһ·Уܿ쵽Զɽ
ĹϵġԽ֣ĽҶĬ˰죬л̲סԥսȭͷĵһ˿ϣܷοԽ˿ɡ
ְɡ
˫ֺʮ˵ü䡰ðˡ¿ʼ֡
һ붯֣һĽҶһԵʯͷϣʱžҹףīɫѹ಻ɽϣĶ졣
ءãڵ˹ײĸǡ̽ƹײĸǣҴˣ
ĽҶһ۽Źײģ˵ͷ
һƣһʬڹײϡɼ׹ǣܻвᡣ
ĽҶڵϣô᣿ȻǿչףѾˣָŵֻһԸ
ĽҶɥץץͷʲô£Ϊ֤ĵ׵ĻɣҹܳԽķĹˡ
̽ײץһγӵôô鱦Ρ
ĽҶԣѹߵײıߣ׳ȥʬֵָ
Ǹ磬ⲻǸ硱ĽҶ¶ϲʬֵСָõģԽ
ĽҶСʱöһܽ䳡ȥѰԽʿûпֱֱ˦һڣҺԽʱˣӽȥڣ˵֣ӴСָͶһء
ϸ˿ʬ壬ʬ岻߳ǼҲСǸŮӡа棬ĽҶԸʱڷ»棬ԽˣĽҶαط⾢ĽҶ㣬ԽķĹⶼܲµ
ĽҶ˿ܵҹɫʼֻǲײǿյģû뵽滹оŮʬ
ŮʬʵʲôΪλԽĹԽȻûȥĶˣΪЩ궼ûлҹã
һѷӿԴĽҶ˿ɫȰѹײȥˣĹûָã˿Ͳýˡ
ǣ֣ɻˡ
ôѾ£ɵ㶵վţץһѸɲ˹ȥɵվʲôְ
ɫҰףؾ֣ŷ쳣ҹɫվһˣذ׵æ󺰵Сġ
̷ҽУڵأһź˴ҹɫð˳ΧסĹԵĽҶ
ͷĺˣϸ˿ΧеˣүûǱ
һ⻰ĽҶǰһڣҶȻȥͤôÿθɻ£ܱ
һĿĽҶϣżӡĽҶԴ˫ۼ䣬Ҫôͣ
ôҹ˯ܵɽڷأôԽķһŮʬô͡
̼ĽҶͷ˵һżĽҶһŮӣôÿǰ참֣ܳ˭˭û⡣ү飬ĽҶ类ץȥ̿ˡ
ҶȻĿ̫ƺĽҶϡĽҶסˣ̧ͷ
˵ڣͼҶȻ͵һԾ˵ڵءĽҶջ񣬾ͼһֻղ벻Զʯͷϣʯ֡
ĽҶ𾪵ԼŷѪۡʱӵɽ³һ׵ҶȻĺ˶̱ӣһѪɺӣʬס


 36 

̴ĸ˵ҶȻǰ, үǵǱߵ, ˻١
ҶȻγ彣һ䣬ǻ, ˵Ծɱ䡣
ҶȻĽư磬⽣Ӱ伸ͷѾأһ±ҶȻߵ, һ֮ǰѲڵ, ԽɱԽˡ
ҶȻߺܿռϷ磬, ӵ, ҶȻջ
ʵ, үҪҪʤ׷
ҶȻһۿʯͷϵĽҶ, ʵ, ôˣ
ղи˴ӱ͵Ϯ, ûӦҵ˱Դںܿɱˡֻιȥ, Ӧûд󰭡
ҶȻߵķ˿ĽҶ, ׷ˣȻȥ
ҶȻںļ˶ҶȻ, Ȼ𾪼ˣ׷ʣ˭ү⡱
ҶȻĲŮɫھǳģѹּ˿˲죬̶һĵĽҶҲ㲻ö⣬ϾүѾΪ˺ܶˡ
˵ŮĻҹɽ֣û׼Ǳүġ
бһۣ⻰үˣͻˡ
ڣĽҶԴڳϣΰΣҶȻһߣ彣ϸز˲
ĽҶȻǱŻˣ԰׵СϹۣԾ߽
ҶȻ½ĿĽҶϣ⻹һμ⸱ģ֮ͬǰĶˣڵĽҶ֦ͷ滨̲סһ
ҶȻĸߴʣӸλرȻǺܶྩǹŮеɾҶȻҲټС㣬ֻֻ֪޿䣬ûмʶͬ˵һȥ
еʶмʶĹҲûУܳ翪ţ˺üŮıͬҶȻһ㲻䣬ҶȻǳ˾ͣ⡣
ĽҶͬˣɽĽҶҶȻĽҶľĸӣ֮󼸴ҶȻֻ¸ִּǿ
ɫ¹Դк룬ŵǹ⣬ĽҶ毺õϣҶȻȻһĸоһִδйĸо
ĽҶƺجΣüͷԽԽŹңŹҡ
ҶȻ࣬޳ָ˲ϵ顣ĽҶܵȵϢСҶȻȫȻס֪Ǻá
գĽҶӻξԺϡī˵
ﶼ˯һˣôûѣҪҪȥп
ȥʶ̫̫ȥ̫̫Ƕһ
ĽҶԺ֧ӣ񣬸ҵˮ
˹һྪˣүͻʱɰŻˡ
ĽҶȵĻ裬ҹ֮£һʱô˵ģ
ʱŶ룬һˮ浾ѵ˲ݣ֪ˣܳȥʱô
ĽҶӣϸ˿ĽҶϵ˿ڣֻǲˣǽٷٺЩϾҪˡ
ٷˣĽҶ̽ʵ
ᰰšɣĽҶգɽﱾûʲôˣҪȥд֣ͬ˵һһ᲻ȥƫƫԼ͵ܳȥ˽ٷˡ
ྪδҶүͤعǻٷ˵ĲԾڻɽء
һĽҶһ߶ǧ򲻿˽ԳšĽҶҹĳǻӦñǳҶȻȥģֻǱײˡ
ĽҶ᰻߶䣬ǸˮĽȥˣô̫̫Ƶ߶ͣ
ҡҡͷΪ밡ֻ˸㣬˶۸ҡ
ĽҶһ̼ˣ㣬ǲ۸ˣ֮
Ϲ˵ʲôסĽҶ֣ŶҼãֻη˴ܸˡ
һ˵˻һ˽һɵСƿүǱģ˵Ǿʹҩࡱ
˿ǰ࣬һƿֵǧҶүΪ˲㻹ϵˡ
ĽҶ΢ĲˣʵòôõĸҩҶȻôˣƽﶼǾǧھȻ͸ҩˡ
뵽ҶȻһĽҶĬĬ˶ҶȻĸ̡
ȷĽҶް󣬱뿪˵ˮԺĽҶЪϢһԺﴫĺ
ĽĽҶһ֪ĽҶײٷˣϣȴԺʲô֪˭𣿡
ԵƬ̣ȥһ
ĽҶ񿪿ڱȥ˵˯ˡ
ị̄״˵ˣ˲ѧҵʹӱԺظϣﲻǼɡ
ĽҶ˵īһīЩë֪ʧԣȥ
ҶһĽҶִⲻȥһȽƴҶЦˡ
ĽҶ֪˯ˣϴ¡
ĽҶһȽƾס֣ϸϸϵˣ˵زأ۲ۣ
ĽҶЦЦĸĪżֻǲˣûд󰭡
ȽƲ˿ĵܰͻʱɰŻˣû¡̫үǱ߷Ըˣǧס̫̫̼ܲ˵©ˡ
˵գȽưҶЦ˹˵Цϻ˵Щ˵ģ⺢ӾǱҹ߻ˣûûصġҶЦһۣս񡱡
ս㣬ϻ˵ģҲǸ˼ҶЦίֻǼ̫ˣʧˡ
˵ȽȻؽӹ磬ղݶԺû
֪㻹أҲȽĽҶ֣زͬͨˡ
ĽҶ˿裬ֻĬ
֮ǰǱѩԻˣŻ᲻֪ءȽѹգݶ󣬻˵һҪ
׻̫̫ʶĶ࣬ȥһʹѩݺҹ¡
һʼݶţ滹ѩ˱٣ԺóΣɹƭûֵֽ֤ݰݶǰų֪ˡ
ĽҶŲ豭ֲѩӻᵹգֲ̫̫ˣȻȥˡ
ݶ֪ĺˣȥԺ飬˵Ҫǿˣ⡱ȽƱ˵߿ĽҶɫⲻղ㲻ңһҪ˵زء
ȽƵϲĽҶ˵һֻ֣ܱ΢Ц
˼գĽҶϵ˱õĲˣҩСذѰ״ƿ˹ˣһǵһμôõĸҩ˺һ̺Ҳ
ĽҶŰײҶιӣ⻰뵽üչȥˣûдԽĹڵϢ˵ҶȻȥˡ
һһӾְλȥģµˮ©뵽ҶȻĽҶԸ׼Щ㣬ȥҶȻĺԺ
ںԺ⣬ĽҶϻǸЩ裬ԷһֿЦˣѰүģ
ȲĽҶͷȥˣү˵ˣˣֱӴȥ鷿
ĽҶԴҶȻ׼


 37 

鷿Ŵ, ҶȻһվڴǰ°ɫƳۣͬƽһٷ, ·һˣĽҶʱüй⻪ת
ĽҶ࿴, Żعһ񣬡ǰնү, Ľӹһ, ƽϲõĵģı, үĪ
ҶȻĿֻһ, ƿˣ, Ϊ˵
ĽҶ룬ǻͦʵЩ˭, Ȼʵ, ҡҡͷ, Ľүˣˡ
šҶȻⲽߵĽҶǰ, лҪ㡱
ĽҶ̾˿֪㲻뵽ҶȻʰ̯, ҲҪԽ˵һ
ҶȻᣬΪ˼, Ͱˣ
ĽҶԲתתײȷҸ磬ֻһŮʬ
ҶȻ۵Ц⣬ľû
ĽҶʱùֵֹģҶȻڰ
֪Ůʬ𣿡ҶȻ΢΢ĽҶ۾
ĽҶԥһǸûô򵥣Ӧ뿪ǣǷȥһ಻סĺģŮʬݣ͸ʧٵĹϵ
ĽҶ˼˰죬ҧҧʵ˭
ҶȻѾһʱɫջĿ⣬ǵŮ
ĽҶһ㶣ϻԶɽļţŮĹײǿյģ˵˳ѵй
ҶȻ¶͵ЦݣŮǳ¶Ѿߣǰ¶ź󣬱ʧˡ
ĽҶپ£ŵؿҶȻȴġ
ĿǰҲֻ鵽ЩȤͬһ顱
ĽҶˮҶȻЩ⣬ҶȻѭѭգϾҲǣУҪ¶ȻҪȥѰ١
ȻĽҶ̵õģ֪˸Ϣǧǵøҡ
ĽҶǰŸߣҶݱ˺Ժ˸ɴ
ҶɥҶȻ棬壬ҲŸջҵҪһرԺˡ
ҶȻ飬Ƥ̧һ£¾ˣ㲻ȥʲô
Ҷ̾ĽǲңˣҼ˱ԺҲ飬ܵҲˡ
⻰ҶȻûҶݣҶݻϲ
ǰĽܸҶ磬ҵʱʱ۵ɰôͱɱˣ˵õĻҶԽԽúڣӡ
壬ʲôĽת⡱ҶȻҶݴ˼꣬պգأҶ𾴵ĳҶ۰Ͱ͵صҶȻ⡣
ҶȻһۣ㷳ȥ
Ҷ꣬ƲƲ죬ô򵥣Ľòôڣֺãֱˣᱻ˭ƭߡ
ҶȻüë΢ɲض˶ҶݺȻ˾񣬡壬ҸȥӪɣҵûȥԺˡ
ʮ飬˵ҪĴ䣬ܴӦ
Ҷ̾ϴˣҵû˵ʲôֻθСԼҵˮƽҫǲˡ
Ҷ֪Ӿ谭ͬҶȻ˵ٶҲûãɥسӣĥȥԺ֮ǰһҪټĽҶһ档
ˮԺ
ͷͷĽҶԺĲݴ׷˰죬ץסӡ
ſӣεʣҪͷ𣿡
ͷĽҶץ󣬹ԹԵֺõز˲ĽҶ֣ȻǼġ
ĽҶĶ䣬ͷôɰҪȡ͵֡
һʱĽҶҶιӡ
ˡ
ĽҶͷӣϢ죬ôôˡ
񣬡ǴʱҶڶûţ˵СˣȥʱҶлȥӡ
ĽҶɻ󣬡ڶԶɽɽ
һЦʱôңҶүֻ˱˲ңһ뵽Ҹϣһ˹ײ
ĽҶһ𾪣Ͻɲǰ׶㣬ҷʲô
óһ̵׹һŮʬһ𣬵ȻˣֻײĵᣬԼ侲
ţҷŮʬճȭô˵ǶҪĶյô
ַ˵֣˵һۣʤһˣź׷ɽȥˣ˸ʯҿˡ
ҡҡ׹㿴ô׹ӡҲ׹ӾԲ򵥣Ҫôǿ֤ŮݵĶҪôŮԩֵָĹؼ֤
ĽҶԭһֱͷëڱһˣӹ׹ӣ滹֡
ĽҶ׹ӣŴĹϸ˿׹ϿһССġ¶֡
¶¶
־ǰԽ󱩱У¶Ҳǰŵġ
׹ĽҶ϶ˣⲻɺϣ߶ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
񣬰ǶóĽҶתգֵȥ
ƴǣõôõ
㲻գҿɲò¡
æұǹһģӦõģûйʶڻںԺء
ĽҶЩЦʱҲѧ컬ˡ
ٺһЦҪǹӢ˵ϻֻ˷飬۹СĲܼġ
һᣬĽҶӡ˷ĻǼΣ
ʼֻӡٱǶΪȥ˭֪ȥ󣬽ԽԽãöӣҪľǷġ¶û²ء
ó˱ƹ˱øңҪʹʱټӡ
ĽҶ˿˱¶ӡǧᣬﴫӡǧᡱ
Щɻ󣬡һдʮֻ𣿡
ĽҶһЦ㼱ʲôҪϸˮ
û֪ĽҶмضˣȥ
ĽҶ׹˰죬ǾȥԺҶȻôˣ϶ȥϹǿ
ĽҶ԰߹СţߵԺʱ˴һС˻
չô˻дϲ⡣
Ҷңݾ
˻յͷ֮ǰûгҶ֮ǰͬĶľ֣ˡ
ĽҶӯӯһЦ˻ͦģһҲûΪ˶ľֶιӲؼڻûһء
ʮգǶڴġ¶ܲһȫչԸԸӡ˻ȣֻһչ̣οĻӻҾǵġ֮ǰộɶܾˡ
ĽҶ˻涺ЦˣģеԺšһķӡ
ĽҶտûã۾ȻǱȲϾǸ̵ƹˡֻ֪˷Ĺ¡
һҲûԼĻӣĳһ궬һڼȥȥĻʰȥˣ೭¼
ԭϷҲӡ˷Ļһʱʮ˾ǣ˵ϷӰĻӰϷֻ̨ϧѾȥˣ֪Լ
̵ƹĻ̫ǳûмֵõĹ±ͲҪôĽΣԣдĹȻˡ
ĽҶŻġ¶˻ӣȻ㲻ˣֻӻ̸黭
ιҶǣ
˻æعݷüֵģ̸̸ͬĽҶЩɻ󣬲һ䣬Ǹү
򶨣ĽҶĵҶȻ֮ǰɽûƭּ򶨣ҲҪȥء
һͬԺȥҶȻ鷿ʱıѹӣﺬЦһϳȹŮӣ˵˵˵ЦЦһԼż


 38 

鷿
ĽҶ׹˵һ, һ̧۷ҶȻԼɲīɫ
ĽҶë˲Ծ, ôҶȻЩ£ҪƵġ
ʱҶȻջĿ, ָƽģ׹ȷɣһȥġ
ĽҶҶȻ, ոҪ˵Ŀ϶仰, ʱ˿ڡĽҶתͷ˿ҶȻϺ飬ĵҶȻӸλ, кܶҪ, Īˡ
ĽҶ˻ڴ, ǰһµĲߣݲ衣
ղ˻һ·, ĽҶ˻˼ֺø, ˹ȥ, ϸƣ𣿡
չﲻԡ˻һư״ɱ, ߷ֵ˹ȥڼ䲻ĽҶ, ˻̺˶䣬֡
ĽҶû˻ϸƷƷ, ͦ㣬ɺ̫ˣҲ²
˻ĽҶˮչ߼ǻƽصǲʮƢʫСɫתL⾳
ĽҶЦ˳˻˼˵ܰҧĽ֣Źӵȴ˾ûо롣
˻Ȼƿ۾Թ˵ǿЩչϲ´ҴЩ
ĽҶҪ˵ͼҶȻ˳ʵϴһ˿ݣ˻ô
˻ͷҶ֣ҲԼһƷµĻƽ𣿡
㡱ҶȻɫ˱䡣
˻źؿĽҶһۣѵõĻԶ˵仰ͱҶȻˡ
ĽҶƽصҪιӿȥɣȻȥˡ
˻ؿĽҶıӰһŽ䣬Ҷ֣ʲôҪ£
ҶȻһŵǰհøҡ
˻˿̾СʲôҪصذн
뵽ĽҶɣ˻̲סʵҶ֣չΪμסں
ҶȻɨ˻һۣɫԱ䣬г˱ʡ
̶̼־˻࣬ѵĽҶֻܼסңСݶ಻㣬ռĽҶϻĵЦݣ˵Եļ͡
˻ϧ֮飬Ҷ֣ðһ䣬֪չл䡱
ҶȻۣ˰ŵ̫̫⽫ݣǱҲչ
˻·׻а㣬òŻ񣬡Улˡ뵽ҶĽҶ磬˼ұã÷Ļʲô¡
˻û˵ʧǵس˺Ժ
ҶȻƽ飬ȻĽҶҶѾû˻ԼˣҲûƭ˻̫̫ȷʵ⣬ҲĽҶֻĽҶԼԸˣ˻ûҪ֪Щ
һĽҶ˵ˮԺʱȥ̫̫Ժӡ
ĽôüûˡҶ̫̫ЦǺǵص
Ҫĸģ˵ĸЩ𾭣ûĸ徲ĽҶҶ̫̫ԣ衣
⺢ӣʲôҶ̫̫ĽҶ֣˵µֻӣϲúܡ
ӿƯˣһ˫۾ĽҶЦӯӯүҵģұĸ
ҶȻ͵ģҶ̫̫ɫ̵ȥ˿ڲ裬תҶݣ˵ݶҪ㣬ֱӰԺˡ
ĽҶԴŵһԲ
ˣ֪˼ˡȻôˣݶĸǶһȥ˵ģݶȥ㡱̫̫ˣĽҶҶްˡ
Ҿ֪ĸˡĽҶ״̴յҶ̫̫ϥǰȡ
ˡҶ̫̫˵ĽҶĶͷ
Ȼݶ⣬ҲǿˡֻҲʮˣǸÿʼ࿴ˡ
ĽҶһͣϵЦݵˡҶ̫̫ԴһҼĽɾεǴҪصƷҪãоĽҪ⡱
ĽҶѿڣĸڻɡĽ㼸ꡱ
˼Ҳųס翪ʼѡزŴ󡱣Ҷ̫̫Ȼ˾ģĽҶܾ
ʱ̫̫˴ֶˡ
һڴغӣЦĽҲأҴļ̫̫
뿪һӣڿܵİ裬ĽҶͷβһ飬ʱļ̫̫̫̫ù˵ǰ㿵и
ЦЦıؿȥѾţŰ¾ˣסƫԺҲðı
Сˣصͬ˵һ̫̫ɫƽ֣һķı뿪ˡ
ظ̫̫˱裬Ľǳ˵ϱԶĽТġ
ᵽĽҶ̫̫˾񣬡ϴҵģ㳣ȥμŮľۻᣬпĽûˡ
תתʶȤûҶݣ̫̫ģĽֶŮһġ
ؿ˿뿪ĳȥıӰ䣬˵ֱߵһֳѡ
ĽҶȵĲ豭ĵ˲ԤС
ֶӿǲصԺػضͷο϶Ҳؿ뿪ϲ˶˵ԴֿϳԿ࣬ѵһš
̫̫⻰˼һܸУҡ
ϲЦտ̫̫ģĶùˣǱøΡ
ĽҶһصˮԺȥغֶӡ
ԭرƷ֮ŮڼͬҶҲ䣬ǰظԻĮ;ȥˡ
Դұ˥ˣǳŮҳҲǣﲻٹٻ˼ңŮ䣬ʮ꣬ҲȢ֮¡
رЩսսƽķٳֺһÿ˱̫̫Ƕܣź̫̫
ѴϢһȫ˵˳뿪סıΪľٳ˲ţںҲӲЩ
ĽҶգû֮ǰĶУѰǰ㿼ǻ£ʻ˵Ժ˰սˣһҲĪ˵
ɻ󣬡ǷŴҿ뿪ҲΪΡ
ĽҶȤ񣬡ǲǿ˳ÿ;öǺˡ
˵Ҳû뿪ĳúãֻ˿Ϊ˲ָͷ˵úõģιһ
˵ųģҶ˵
ҶĽҶЦԭϲ͵佫
ûУֻǾҶ书Ƕıˡ
ĽҶ°ͣЦŵУͰȥԺźеĴӢۡ
㡭һţسӡ
ӽźüֶˣġ
ĽҶЦЦгһչһ֮ǰ˻עġɽɾͼ
ιģ⼸ǺԺǱġ
ҶȻ͵ģ
ĽҶչ⼸ھ֮ɫ⼸ǰϺõļһ̺ҹͼΪ󣬱īˣ磬νǡ󺬴꣬硱
֮£ԭҲϳ֮ġɽɾͼ·磬˼⾳
ĽҶüĻ˻͡ɽɾͼΪ˶ľ֣
ҶȻһô໭Ϊʲô


 39 

, ⼸ģʵ
ĽҶ˿ġɽɾͼݸ, ǽϣ
ĽҶ˼룬ǰˡҶȻ˻, Ϊϲ
֪ôܣҪһ¶£ҶȻͻΪ, ЩȻǡڷѡˡ
ͨһ, ĽҶưѻ˳ϲļ
, ǽϹҲˡ, ҶȻһ
ĽҶ˿Ļֿ˿ǽϵĻ, ָšɽɾͼ, ĵ, ҶȻǸ, £һѰ
գĽҶȥ, ϻؽ֮¸֪֮󣬶˱㳣
, ̱ԼĽҶȥϷ԰ӿϷս㡱̴ѾѾϷ԰ſڡ
ĽҶ, ȴ˸ڵĲ¥ĽҶĪ˶¥İ䣬Ĵ˿ǲȥϷ𣿡
ƿ¥ĴϷӳǼϷÿ˾ˡ
ս㣬㿴ⲻ˼
ĽҶһһ¥ͨȴǬ
¥⿴ȥ¥мĿյ䳡ȫ׼³ƴ佫
ս㣬㿴λǲǼá̻ҫͼſˣ۾һ磬㲻Ҫ³ԣôˣ
ͤһװͦΣӢ䣬˿ˣ󳯽̵Լ־Ͱˣôǿѱˡ
սֲǱˡҡҡ֣ͤ磬Ӧˣġ
ĽҶ״ǽǿģ۽硱
ͤǸ⣬ĽҶ˵֪ʲôС
Žͤߵǰ𴰻ֻһС죬̣ǧ򲻿ɱ˿ȥˣȻʱ׼ǽҵĹﲻ֪
ˣˣ֪ˣȥˡ̷ܵصͷ
Žദ龰ĽҶԽ¥µıԺܿ쿪ʼˣ˵עȥ
ʱڱ̨Ϲе׳һ󵶣ͣһ˾źӧˣӷʵ⣬ֳܿʤ
һˣ̫ûˣһʱͷʤںܿ쵽˽ͤϳ
ͤһװóн͵֮ˡͶˣ䲻ߴ󣬵ʤ׳ʵ˫ָһѶУһͤȥ
ͤӽһ̣Ķ̵˻˲һ𣬵⽣Ӱѷʤ
̽żˣճȭű䳡ϵĽͤ
ʹһռϷ磬ͤѹڵ£ȫΪͤʱͤһ˦ֻǽֱĿڣ
ý̼غ˳Ӯˣ
¥̧ͷ˹ĽҶæϴ
Ҿ˵϶ӮġԺˡ
ĽҶЦЦһô䣬ò˵ͤǳʵģ˵书ǧѷʤƲߡ
̵ΪǼһûӮҸ磬ͱűˡ
ΣĽҶԭΪֻͨıԣû뵽Ŀġ
α䣬Ҷүˣھֱˡ̰Ѵһ죬ڶ桱
ĽҶ˳Ž̵߿ȥȻҶȻ𵶵ڴǰ¥µıʱƲĽҶߣ̧ۿ˹
ءĽҶɿعϴྪδ
ս㣬ôˣ̲ԡ
ĽҶһЦݣΪʲôÿμҶȻѧײ˷ӡ
̺Ȼ˹ҶҶү˾ˣ˽䣬׼ý
ĽҶ黹δƽͱǾ˾һ£ĬĬǰԼһ衣
ĽҶ棬Ҹ˵Ҷүˣڳ˳ᢣˮ©սϸñս޲ʤĿóǸڵš塣
ĽҶҭҶȻſƭ˲Сǽ̡ӪñĿɲֹҶȻֻЩ֣ҶȻεͷ
̵۾˶ϻأ͵͵ŸȥӪҶүӪ磬ݺᣬҸˡ
ĽҶ潯ͤ󣬽һᵽҶȻԼҸ綼ұˡ
ĽҶս㣬֪˾ΪһֱȢޣˡ
ĽҶæѰ״ɲ豭£˼飬롭ǳ
νػ˻ԴʲôҲǴ˼ꡱ
ĽҶһ챻˺üΣŲ豭֪˵ʲô
ս㣬㡱ĽҶ䣬Ҷүû˰
ĽҶǰҶȻ信ҡҡͷŲС
ġ϶ʱдȸԾ
ĽҶŽЩԥͬҲˣϻˮһƦǽæ˵ƦôĿŽ̸ͬԼһ̶
ҶȻ̫ܲʺ㡱ĽҶѵؿڡ
㲻˵û𣬼Ȼˣʲôܵġﶼ⣬ѹȥĽҶȰ
ĽҶҧҧҸ㣬Ī˵ȥ
ʲô£֣̾ұ֤˵ȥս㣬ҡ
ĽҶѹ񡭡١
ʲôֱʧִ˲豭Ƭڵϵ졣
С㡱ĽҶ½̣ҶȻ棬ɲ˵
ôܣôô͡ʧ䣬еӢһµˡ
ĽҶСһʼҲֻǻɣҶҲô˵øֵء
ʹļףʲôʲôֵġ
˵з磬һЩֵֹãԲŲס±˷ˡĽҶŬˮԺＸСѾߴİԣҲ֪Ǽ٣ǲ׽Ӱһ㣬ҿġ
ǾҶȻ׼ϲŮӡɽҶȻΪĽҶն
G˵һ仰ʧظ
ĽҶֶһ飬Ҳ˵ģǧ⴫ҶȻӣҪǷ֪ˣָˡ
̵ͷսģҶûˣҲû˵ȥ
գĽҶȥӿ˿շǡҲڣĽҶǧлչ㲻ҵ飬ҼڶҲҡǲ֪˵ʲô
ĽҶڰ֣ĻдúãҲˡ
ɲô˵ֿЩƹĶ˵ҵ׼УչܻΪ桱
ӵƹʱ˹չǰ֧ȡʮӡ
粻ڵش˴֣չ֪ⲻϹأСŮ˷纮òãڻéţҽҩʵڹ󰡣ǰûͰˣڡ
öʮĽҶֱӸ˷磬Ҫץõҩƹ֧
ӣ֪룬ǵƺᣬչ㣬ҡ
ĽҶƹó飬ϴεķֳɶ̫ˣǶſɲǵļˡֳɡ
·𱻽ԪУκģֳǵǶǮ侲ʹãչӡĳɱɲͣҪɰ
ĽҶ÷ʵӡĳɱȷʵͣǱְɡ
绹Ǿòʣ˰߷ֳ顣
ӳĽҶһȥ˲鷻ϻƵȹȻò鷻뷭һ
ĽҶ̾Ǯܲ鷻
º֣Ҳеġ໭ȹȫС
һһ棬濴ȹ֪Ըһ桱
ĽҶ̧ͷ±ȥ潫˽
ֻһŮʴƶгȹͷ⻨ȣĶˣ


 40 

½ܵ, ֮ǰԺʶˡ
ĽҶһ̣ʱѾ³, ȣ΢ЦŽ˸𿿴衣
չȻͬ, Ѱһ֪ҵݣ޲˱ᡱ
ĽҶЦЦŮ¥Ǳ, ǿ, кδѰΪ£
²豭, ҼȻ, ҪΪ㣬ɽ, 뿪ӡ
ݸĽҶһµСԲ̣ƯĻ, ԺЩ, նҪװԼ, ĥ˸۷ӣϣɫܺ֡
ĽҶ򿪸, ԣȷʵͬͨˮ, ϸףʵϼѡ
չһЦȻ, չһͬӣ
۵طֻ迪ҵǮαҪҺϻ
ɫ˴ƲЦŮӣˣЩټС֪ҵҲ̤һġ
ĽҶ룬δ̴𿡣ȥȥ˲
ﱾԺļ֮һǰЩһظǸϲ𿣬кޣ㽫һլҡ
棬ĽҶĻɢ˲٣ֻǸңǸ̲ܳſӣһʱ䣬ҲôҲ
ĽҶӣǰڵҵһֱûӡиϤ۵𿣬ֻңǮֶΪء
ĽҶȷɺ󣬱ȥ̶ϸڣӵöˡ
ͷءĽҶæӵº󣬱ջûιͷĽҶ֮ǰûӣزŷͨԣر׽֡
ŹˣԺιء
ĽҶһţҶŶͷͷ˹ս㣬̸ˣŶþء
ĽҶҶŶͷϵԲޣɰˣʲôѽ
иطҪȥ˵ҶŶȥǣĽҶ֣ȥں棬˵صֻҺսȥǲȥ
ĽҶ֣ȥĶѽǸҿɲȥ
ǲǣڻ԰ҶŶĽҶƣ˺üСţ˺԰ǡ
˴ľӲݶ˰˸ߣΪ
ҶŶ磬磬Ұսˡ
ĽҶüͷһ壬ȻһҶݴ˳
ҶŶ˹ȥҰսˣҵСء
ҶŶҶݴһбʯװξСһˡ
ĽҶ״ȥҶæ׷˹Ľͬ˵
ĽҶͣ½Ų䵭ؿҶݡ
ҶΣ֧֧᲻֪˵ʲôãŷӦʯͷóһӣֻԲӣȲҶȻ͸ĽҶ۾ϡУҲѵһƷ֡
Ľ˵ϲӣҾ˴ֻҶݿĽҶ۾Ȼذӵ˹ȥ
ĽҶȴҲû죬ҲҪԼûȥ
Ϊʲô㲻ϲ𣿡Ҷʧ䡣
ĽҶԸҶǣɴشǲϲ͵ӡ
ҶһŲĽҶ˼ɥԹصĽôĺݡ
ĽҶúЦҶһһĺݣ㵱棬δڳҪȥѩ濣ʲôʸ˵ĺݡ
Ҷ죬֧Ѿѩ濵Ϊˣ١
ĽҶֱӴҾҪԭ㣿ҾҪԹԵؼ޸㣿ȻĺģĴ飿
ҶݱĽҶĵһ仰˵һŻع񣬲ĵʵѵûһСʱ˵Ľ𣿡
ĽҶ̲סЦ˳㲻ᵱ˰ɣǶΪֺ̫̫װġ
Ҵûϲ㡱
֪˶ãĽҶıӰѾʧСľͷҶԭأ߻ĽҶĻ
ôᣬôᡭҶƴҡͷţš
ĽҶ˵ˮԺѾץҶŶһĽҶĽƽ̫žŶˣڵӴˣڲƭˡ
ҶŶƨɣȻǸհ˴ۺͨͨս㣬֪ˣҲΪ˰ѹʹӦȥġ
ĽҶҶŶ˲ϵᣬû£ˣס´βҪˡ
ϼ״ŶҲǲ֪Ƕ˵ĹϵΪͨıء
ĽҶװûûнӻ磬ֻƸϲ衣
ҲΣȻˣ˵ĻһҪ˵ģݱϾǺĹӸ磬Щ꣬մǲݡ
ЩҾЩľͲһˣһŶУҫ鹣û˼ȥ仨¥һһ⡱
ĽҶֻûǮȥ䣬һָη
˵һ󴮣䵽ϣҼҿľͲƷùȻŵڵЩʤרһ
ĽҶЦЦĸΪͬ˵ЩĽĻ̫̫Լ˵ġ
Ͳż޸Լǵɾ͵̫̫İţ
̫̫ã۹Ҳ׼Ľкεǵġ
զ࣬û뵽ĽҶ˹Ű壬̫̫һزù˵ĽҶû뵽ĽҶְ߻ˡ
̫̫ϵȥĽҶһҶ̫̫Ȼ᲻Ը̫̫鵲ƣܲˡ
Ժ
ڻ㱨ҶĽҶʱ̸Ǿ䡰Ҵûϲ㡱ʱҶȻüëЦ⡣
һߣҶȻɫ̲ס̾үԱĹȻЩˣѲɡ
̣
ҶȻ뽯ͤԼڽ̸£Ը˰˳
˽ҶȻ󲽳ҵ鷿ȥߵſڣɴ濪ˡ
̿ҶȻһ㶣һ˿ϧЩʹļף첽뿪鷿
ͤҶȻֹסشЦҶ֣׼²øղͬ˵ʲô
ҶȻ𽯷̸ղſĸӵ񣬲ΪȻ̸£˵ЩԵġ
ͤҶȻļ磬˵ͤҪ˵̲סЦ˳βסֻ
ͤɫ˵˳˵Ҷ㲻١ͤ˵üɫ裬˵ҵģĶȥЩ׼Ůġ
ǰżˣ˽¾ͤҶȻϵãһҶ֣ⳤĿɨذ
ҶȻɫ˱䣬ʮδȢޣһֱﴫ岻Уһֱû£ûϵһĽҶڴ
ͤЦֱҶȻɫĲǿסˣʼ̸¡
ӽҶȻȥĽҶҶȻһ˿ŭɫĬĬĽҶ˰Ѻ
˵ˮԺĽҶ̵Ĵδʶ⣬ֻǺԼ׼һװɫһ˿˷ܡ
죬վδ˵ʲôĬĬ뿪˵ˮԺ
лҪ˵е£

 41 

Ժ, ˿ƶݺ衣
һ°ɫۣͷ, װĽҶ¥ż䣬ż˿֯ɳȹ¥ŮӰ裬, ֻʤգ۽硣
ĽҶһҶȻɫ, һҲûЩ, ֻĬĬƣʱʱɨĽҶһۡ
һ, ЩŮӷ׷п, һͷһŮղʱһֱĽҶüĿ, Ȼࡣ
ôȾƣò, ֶһһĽҶǰ, üĿؿĽҶ
ղԶԶЩŮ, ĽҶԵڼпϷӱǰ㣬֡
ڳˣϿ˼, סˣ, ѹɤӵˣҲȾơ
ǲƲūѽ, ĹӸĸȾưǰ湫Ȼ⼫ˣŭǲūңҷ
ĽҶļⳡ棬ʱͺˡͲҶȻ˵ʲôг¶ϢҪԺ鰸һ͵裬ĵϿ
ӡĺ촽ĽҶʱҶȻڷˣ¡
ЩŮӽ֪ҶȻûԥ˲糱ˮȥˡ
ԺһȹŮӽүҪ˴ˡ
ȹŮʩŨױԾڸǲס㲣֪ԼɫЩү϶ǽźģŵع֪ĵλүˣүĹܡ
̴һľϻװŮʬߵı׹ӣⶫʶ
ԭ֮ǰǵˣڳ¶ԺɨѾߣ͵αˣ䵽Ժ
ܿ׹˺һⲻı׹𡱡
ǾŮʬ֣ͬһڳ¶ԺѾߡ
̰׹ݹȥϸƣ滹֡
ܿ϶Ҿǿ¶ֲϳ׹ӵģ֮ǰһ׹ӲˣϵĲ˯ŵԺҡ
ɣš¶᲻ǵ¶ģ
ҡͷ֮ǰ¶ײŸĵģ׹֮ǰģúܣҲӡ̡
̿ҶȻ˽˹ֲ֮ǰôų¶߲鶼鲻׹ӵ
ľϻ֪ںδ
һ˿ңЦŵﲡźЩѾ߾ͱֵͬԺȥˣҾͱԺˣĻ֪ȥ򡱡
ҶȻָӣ֪˵Щ㶼ȥóܵһӡ
̰ؿѾԺˣܾ裬ζȥڻǰ
̿ˮֳӣƵѵ˺ΣﲡǰһֱǶ벻ͨλüȥˡһֱЩ쳣
һֱţȴһлͳţԺѾ˽´ȥˡ
֪ܰĶ˵˳ٺ͵üȥˣӦһȥԺӣҾûˡ
ܵĽҶױԺв³һֿܣ¶˽ޣ˽
ҶȻҲ뵽ֿܣʵ֪ɵݡ
ҡҡͷֻԺɨ֪Ѿߣ϶ܽʾ֭룬ȻһԺ֡
ˣһԺɨءŬ䣬ڷдţддŲ֪ôˣͰȫˡ
չһдšɡ֡
ĽҶĶһͣɣ
ôܣԽʧΪ˺ͳ¶˽
֪ܰȫ˵ˣȲƱӡ
ĽҶʹԴܣҪ˽ͰҶ£ô궼ҡԽСˣôðɣԼȴˡ
ĽҶҡͷԽһ֮ߵġ
ҶȻοյӿɲ٣¶ʶδ硣һ˼ġ
ĽҶ䣬룬˿Ծһֵĳ档
ͷ˳÷ޣϸӯһգƵƵسҶȻȥ
ĽҶѾͨˣԽ¶˽ˣΪʬԽĹУҪҲǳڳ¶Ĺвźһ¡
ĽҶپܵĻµȥҶȻˡ
ŤҶȻǰ鶯ۺﲨŲӣս
ȻһҶȻȥ
̺һȥĽҶƿӣ߱ߴˡϧ⻨òҶȻȴ͡ҶȻΪ֤ԼûɷѿģŮӣȴҪʱ¥
뵽һҶȻ˶ĳ棬ĽҶ̲סЦ˳϶ҶȻһƣ˽ȴҪȵļ󣬶Է
㲻ߡҶȻ俪ڡ
ĽҶһ㶣ںͣ½ŲѾɫ˳ȥҰŴˡ
ĽҶЩͷˣҶȻҪ֤Լʲô
οһװ˶һңȥҶȻзԾͳʵˡ
ƻ£ҶȻ䣬תתİָسĽҶȥǰգȥԶϷ԰ԵĲ¥
ĽҶһԴҶȻʱȻˣȻЦЦԼȥұȥ֡
ҶȻüͬҹ죿
ĽҶȫȻ֪ǰ壬Щ߶ö࣬£Ȼĵˡ
ҶȻȥ˽ӵҼȤ¡
ĽҶ￩һ£˲õԤУ̵ʱӦĵӦòɡ
ҶȻߵĽҶǰ۵ΣգԼ˵˵
ĽҶһڣ֪ҶȻѾ֪˽´ĻˣһҧĽ³çʧԣү𷣡
ҶȻ£ҲĹܽ޷
ҶȻĽҶˮƵұ̽㣬ʲôСۼΪʵΪ顯
ĽҶŪһͣ𾪣Ҫôۼ
ĽҶ۾ԾҶȻ¿ȥƿʲôÿƵģɿջĿ⡣
ҶȻС۵ףЦζ
ʱĽҶź֪طֶ˿̫ˣҶȻϵľһ̧ۣܿҶȻĺ΢
ĽҶؾץ壬Щ֪롣
ĽҶĲҶȻһ羰Ⱦһ˿糺죬һ˫ԣһĴҶȻɫ˰


 42 

, 峿͸񻨴ĽҶߴߴѣ۾
һ뵽ҹԺ, ĽҶ޲˯ȥõһжûз
ҹĽҶҶȻĺúܿ, ҶȻü䣬мᡣ
ĽҶǼʱҶȻЦһ, ۽ǶȾЦ, Ų߻ز輸ǰơ
ĽҶ߷ߵȭͷ, ҶȻƽʱһ߸, ģôûһ㳤緶, ֻΪ˼ԣ͹ϷŪ
˵, Ҫ, ͬϲĹȥ, ͬʲô
ʱĳ棬ĽҶֺ˺죬һ˲ΪҶȻҪˡ
ĽҶ˲Ӵ, ں˼ЩʲôҶȻ˾, ˺ѪԵҲˡ
ԺǱͶˡ, ƼĽҶѾѸղ˽
Ǳ֪嶭ġ֪˵˼Ȿר˽еġ
óȥҲĽҶ߷ߣҹǰ׽ŪУ
ĽҶţӼҴҵؽˣֻ˷ġ¶͡ﴫ¶ˡ
ĽҶû̫⣬ǲ˵˷ֳģ
ż治һ֮ǰЩðֵƷ˼ͱʶαˡⱾȴѾڳիǧˡ
ĽҶӹ鷭һ㶣ⲻѹϻûġ¶²ڷչһ
ĽҶȥӣһһΧƹڴ¡
ƹƼĽҶˣǣϽ˹ҵҪԼ
ĽҶһűηηվһʮ׳ʵ͸žĽҶ󣬰ֱ˹
ӵĶңбĽҶм
ĽҶɨһŻƣ˼ƽϣǣ
һָ֣ϵļָ˶ıʯǷĴ죬ڳ˼իɱ̴ˡ
֮ǰҶܲ£ǺŪǩô飬ұҶֻع
ĽҶȻ죬ѵûӵķ磬ţҲ鲻
綯˶ɱĴЩԥԭĽҶǸмǰĽҶϷˣˡ
Ļ˺ĽҶȴŲ漸ΪľǺӡ
ŷ컹˷練ԣ˷ġ¶²ᣬӡ˼ǧŵԼի
󣬷׻ӷŵֶʼˣ˵ˣȰõի
ӣĽҶƵӣԥˣ磬Ҫ˰ɣչָҵҲˡ
ɸֵطһۣûϢģұ족
ŷ캰ҶܺͿĵҪô黹Ҫô·ֳɣһŷ֣Ǿš
ĽҶɫ壬֪߲ƣһŷ֣ӡĳɱ׬ء
һֱվĽҶ̲סˣţǲ֪ôûҼҹ㻹أϡ඼ȲϡҼҹˣ塱
üͷһ壬֣ʲôúõȻΪҶдúã˭ʲôϵ
ĽҶһЦ֮ǰΪβ˷ŵȥ
һ㶣ĽҶµ˵֮ǰҹΣ֪ôãֻһڵֱܻӰ˳ȥ
ϵⶶ˶ëѾͷ䣬ҺҶֵܣѵһẦ𣿡
ŭ壬óµļ飬ҷң콻
ĽҶɨ۷ΨΨŵŵ˵ķ磬⣬ǴȥŻģù˭˭ǡ
㡭ԭ˵ĽҶǸȥĹŮסңΪǸ۵ŮӣŴŻ飬û뵽ĽҶ򶨣ûаɫ
Ϊ飬ҾûˡڣʣûǼҽҶдһ顱
˵գһȺŵˣεؿĽҶһۣվʲôҲû˵첽˷졣
ޡǷΪʲôöʣļ鶼ˣ׼һŰѷ߿ʱһǮò
ƹ磬ҪҪѷʣµļץˡիһֱ飬ǵĿɲˡ
ĽҶ֣Էǳûһƹȥ٣ȥի
պիһ鱻ˣƻŻŵȥҷ죬үô죬ӡЩɻ˲ӣȫˡ
ʲô֣СѾͷİȥˡ
үҪ˰ɣϾǼ˵ġƻδ˵꣬ͺݺһš
ûϢģ־˼죬ͽ˼ô˵ҪͲҪˣ
ǹǮûλһģóһϺõĹŻϥؽ˴ͷӵĹС
Ȼգիֿʼö֮飬ƹȥ٣ǹֻͷػӻ֣ļû£ǲˣʣµҲܲˡ
ĽҶߵƹϢҪţ̫̫ԺѾȹν˵ˮԺ
񣬡̫̫صطԸȹùﵽʱȥ¡
ĽҶҪ̫̫ȥ𣬱Ƚӵ·һߣЦŵĸңȹء˵ƸǮ
΢Ц̫̫ԸҺͺ֦źױ
ĽҶδ⣬öװԼһžˣĽҶȻЩ
űϼȹͷϴıͷ棬ĵ浾š
һĴɣȫӭϳϲãʶ塣
ĽҶ㽫ЩĹ֮⣬һٺΣǳ˵ʯ
һĽҶԼ˼·ȻԼôôƽﾡȹƯȹһλ˳ƵɫЩȻ
£ҵķ˿ĽҶʲô׵ġ̫̫ҹģ࿴ˡ
ĽҶ̾ϻ浾֪ģТ˳ظ̫̫˲ˮ
ʱҶ̫̫ԱߵǰԶ̫̫ĽҶϲҶ̫̫㸣ãӶรŮȫˣҼȫкҾŸ֪ĵŮء
Ҷ̫̫ЦЦʲôС߰꣬ںͷءĽҶ֣ŮĽ̫̫
ĽҶһͣ˵ϸȫҶ̫̫ϣģ
̫̫Ȼһ£ŷӦݶĺӣϸϸĽҶһôˡ


 43 

Ҷ̫̫ЦЦ, ⺢Т˳֪£Ķ, ࣬ĸȺȥˡ򼸸ӻСҾĽ, Ҳ£̫̫ġ
⻰˵̫̫תתϵķ, Ҷ, Ҷ̫̫ﻰǰĽҶŮ˼
Ҷ̫̫ΪҪ˵⻰ȻҪĽҶ࿴, ЩСĽҶĸ˫㿴
̫̫ĽҶü, Ǹ˳֪µģЩ⶯
̫̫ϸϸ, еСĽҶ¡ԶͳдһϮľλ, ڳûʵȨ, ӵȫְ, дô˸ҶȻԶѾûüˡ
̫̫ҲǸһʸȨˣҼҵ, Ҷ˵϶ϢҲ, ̫̫ϱŶԷŵڶߣֻϣƷԺ, ޹ֹܰӡ
̫̫ŻȥȥĽҶͬҶ̫̫˵˻ȥˡ
Ҷ̫̫Ϊ⣬ҵŮģ͸¶ҪĽҶúѡ˼ҵ˼ҪҺʵӶĽҶصҶݵĸޡ
Ҷ̫̫òɫˡη˴μҹ˹
˺˼䣬Ҷֽ̫̫һĽҶ
η´һĽҶ̫̫ηˣ̫̫˵һΪء
˵ŻһתŮŮǲһƶЦֹҪЩ
˻һĽҶüͷ壬Ҷ̧̧̫̫ƤĽʱͳҿŴģ˼ҽ̵Ĳˣ
ηЦЦڹ۲ĽҶɲô˵̵̫̫úãײǺˣô̶Щ
ĽҶĪ֮ǰҵķ˾޸УҲǿͿģμҷô˿̱Ҫ
յ΢Ͻη˵䣬ĸףȻȥɣǻǰء
Ҷ̫̫ϲ豭ﵹǲ㻹֪Щ˵գĽҶҲȥˡ
ĽҶԶ˻֮дһĽҶ뷨ĸһˣĽҶ˰ɡ
ηһдٴûвŸɵӵˣҶ̫̫ΪԼҶء
ʵҶǳдү˵ȥͤؽ˷ˣһУʥϲʹְͣһ
ηüëһҶȻֿȣĵʥۣͳдʲôϵ
ҶȻԽϢҶ̫̫ԽءҶȻԺػضͷһ߿ƾ·Ҷ̫̫ӣʹЩֶΣӲҶȻѧˡ
ҶȻֻĴ䣬ֻȥ˽Ͷʱ궼ս£Ҷ˶Ϊزˣ˭֪ⷬ컯һСһ˽λá
ȣҶȻǺ͸Ҷң
ɲ𣿡η¶⣬ЩΪȢҶŮҶȻأ޴
ηǰ˻ͬĽҶӷ£֥࿴˺üŹŮϣĽҶһĸ˫;ȥһĹŮ⡣
η˿ԼҶȻǾĶãѴ鵽ĽҶͷϣ˻
һĽҶη˸жûĽҶţòڲסĳһ˫ˮΪˣη˱һ٣ԼݣĪȥ˻ˡ
ҿչǸӶõģΪҶ̫̫;չɣ
η˵˵ĶͷѾͷǵĸ˻ѻдϡĽҶǵȿºͺ͵ģĻˣﲻ֪ôơ
һĽҶ֪η˵뷨»ظ㿪ʼĻ£Ҷ̫̫ļƣҪź¡
һĽҶԻĲԣҲЩӼ˵Ĺ¡һҪףҲҪԼѡ
պ󣬳ի
ү²ˣⷿŻˡƻŻź
ʧɫһߺˮһȥ˿ⷿʮˮػأһյ蹦򣬻Žˡ
һ𣬷ļٵس˽ȥʮܽڵϣ鸶֮һ棬ֻصĻҽ
¼𼸱飬мյֻ鼹мֻջһ룬Ҳȥˡ
իĻһ춼ⷿսս棬үֻһٶ౾黹ãûյҲˮʪˣɹ˼ǮҲߡ
ӣƽ༸ٱţû£Ҳû̫ⷿ
ΪĻúãΪ˸ĽҶǰ飬Ͱÿһӡһǧᣬû뵽ȫûˡ
ó˱磬үӡǮǷţµǱ߾ҪծˡǶΪܿ׬һʣ˭뵽ڷǷһծˡ
ӡ÷ڣŭ׼Ǳ߸ĹǼúãֹˡ
óȥ٣˵ݻ𡱡
һΪѣ鱾ͲϹأϻعˣҲû֤֤ӵ˸ɵġ
תתû֤ݾͲаˣͬϴһ㣬׼Ʊ͹ŻǰȥݷǮ
ǮˣǰյĹŻ⾳ϼѣѵһƷ챰ϥطϻ
Ǯοûɫ㻹֪֪Ǹ˶鷳
ͷֱð亹ǮˣСһֱؼؾص⣬ô¡ǽ磬СĵĿⷿ޶˱˷Żˡ
ǮһյúãգҲҪȥӡ
Ǯһţˣϻ˵õˣô
ǲ֪ǵ˭Ǯͷ֪֪˭һˡ
ҶĽˣ¡Ǯ£ұ㺦ɴñ㲻ˣ㻹ϴε¡
ʶȤĻͻȥӹˣٳھˡ
ɫ԰ף׻ӱô
һĽҶֹӣںͷźüƼˣæѵүˡ
ĽҶͷһҶȻһ˿ƺۣʣ
ĽҶԺ׽ŪԼһƫԴûС
ҶȻΪ⣬ģЩɰֱ⣬ի£´βҪˡ
ĽҶƲƲ죬ܻ¸ӷĲΪȻٽˣȻҪʹõķˡ
ĽҶ׼ҶȻѵ⣬ȻΪԼûȴҶȻ´ٳ£ֱͬ˵һһȥġ
ҶȻĽҶƺҪȥ
ϻҶȻʱҲ˵ƵĻĽҶֻǿס
һΣĽҶؾҶȻ棬ü䳯ҶȻһЦллүĽ֪ˡ
ҶȻôǿĿɽ˵ҪĽҶȻɵܾˣȸԾ˼֡ɲǰ⣬ǮģˣЩϲ˾Ͳˡ
ô룬ĽҶ֮ǰҲ˲٣ϾԺȴҶȻԵġȻҶȻеƳԣҲûٴˡ
ҶȻһЦҪغ𣿡
ĽҶ˿ԱߵĽ󣬡һҪȥĸ񡱡
ҶȻͷĽҶһ˽


 44 

ĽҶؿ˿, ںͷᣬȽţԱһĸŮĽ̸
һʮĹ, ָһ׹ӵϲ, ȶ˿ԴȥμӾۻᡱ
ԱߵĹƣҡҡͷѰ㰮, ׹ӶܵϺüլ, Īˡ˵, ǹȥ
ĽҶش˹ȥ, ֻ׹ƾɣмˮˮ״, ʶĿ
ƹڽܣ, ׹ӵɲͨ, Ǵ, ҲôõšˣҲˡ
ĽҶզ࣬׹Ӻϸͽȥ, תͷȥΡ
ʱһˬʵŮ, Ҷ磬ôҲ
ĽҶͷһֻһŮź, Ӣˬü۸ͦϲؿҶȻ
ҶȻͷó˲İ
ĿͣҶȻĽҶϣʱؽ͵үŮ
Ů˿ղŻΪԼˣҶȻȻڽΡ
ɫָҶ磬ȥͤؽ˷ˣ̫ɾˣǰҷ޻˵ˡ
ҶȻɫСתʵֱ֮ǴһȥĮ
΢΢ʧ䣬ʮı֮ս¼ŮüʼϤֻҫ档
Ҳȷʵ츳ŶʮĮɨǧһٽܣܱ
֪һʿҶȻԶˡܳɹ벻¼ڳиŶ˵ҶȻڽɧŴܳ߾壬ĮͶˡ
ЦҶôÿμңҸ磬֪ô϶˼ˡ
ҶȻΪ⣬תĮս¡
ĽҶѡƹİú󣬷Ըӡ
վڽҶȻĽҶϸĵǣǣӵȹǡ
鰴еĲֻŮʲôõĵġղҶȻôãΪľǿĽҶҪʲô
˸Լӡ
ҶȻ˵ʱʱĽҶȥĿ⣬ճȭ
ʮҶȻһ棬ĽŸҶȻǺֵܣСؽӽ
ϧҶȻŮɫֻʱżͣޱ˼ˡ
οǣЩŹŮҲ벻ҶȻۣҶȻŮӣԸҶȻϡ
ռĽҶֱҶȻͬЩĻš
ϣĽҶ̾һĺԲ۾ҶȻҪ˵ӵʲô½չ𣿡
ҶȻһֽ࣬գݳЩ⡱
ʲô⣿ĽҶۺ档
ûҶȻһת֪պ󣬿ͬһȥÿʬ
ĽҶλë棬ʬˣֱӽҶȻôҪȥ
ҶȻĽҶɻ󣬡ʬˣ׿˺üоһʬ졣ȥҲԿײûԽصϾǳĹġ
ĽҶһЩҡһװǰ컹ϣ
ҶȻͷ족
ĽҶϴԺĲ쾭֮ԺûٴҶȻˣزˣӦ
ƽֻسдֻһĹ򣬽ղ֪ΪΣûδ
ĽҶҶȻȻƷ裬ΪԼļžþãղŵĺȹʵղǸǾн죿
פĮʡĽ족
ĽҶ¶ۣųмŮû뵽վܼ
ҶȻһۣҲ
ĽҶҡͷѰĹҹض࣬һξǶѣȴУıȵϰ
ҶȻЦˣǣս
뵽սϵĵ⽣ӰĽҶԾĽתʵ¹ﺰҶ磿ϵİ֮Ա
֮ǰĽҶ϶ҿλȨүЦԺ֮ĽҶЩҲطҶȻϻ׽Ū
ĽҶ֮ǰǰҶȻо룬صҶȻش
ҶȻشҺֳ죬֮ôġҾִҪô
ĽҶĵһ˿ֵĸоôҶȻ͡
ҶȻƵϲҲô
ĽҶ𾪵سҶȻȥҶȻɫݣڿЦ
ĽҶĬĬ˼ƺҶ磬Ҷ磬Ȼ磿
ĽҶؾͷƤ飬ϽôͱƫˡȻýҶȻ˾˺֣иԸ
ĽҶֽһү˵ЦأУԶҾĳ࣬һ档
⻰ҶȻһЦ۽üҽԴЦ⣬ˡ
ĽҶ룬ҶȻЦУҲǳǳЦѵΰô⡣
˵ˮԺĽҶԺлʱҶȻǿʵݣпôŮҶȻĲûе̫ƻˡ
̰׹͵˵ˮԺ̾ҶȻĽҶδҲ̫ˣĽҶֻǶ࿴һۣҶȻˡ
ĽҶ׹ӣҲ֣ˣ׹̫ˡͨҲͰˣƹĿ׹ӿǼֵơ
ﺰ̱ɡڴĦ⣬ĽҶǹȻشү˵ⲻʲô
ĽҶһҲ̫˰ɡ𵱳һǧƽҶȻ۾ûգֱӴӦˣҶȻ˵׹ȷʵ㲻ʲô
ΪѵؿĽҶǲգһȥý
ĽҶ룬ˣοҶȻڻҪһ鰸ĹŻˣʲô˹
ˡĽҶסҪȥ̣үΪںסôã
ĬỊ̆ҶȻΪںԵ㲻
Ҫ𻰣ĽҶʵΪдй𣿡
ĽҶڴؿ̣ϻҶȻסںΪǸ˾綾ĺҶҶүҶҪ׽õķˣҶȻɴһеºڣҶ˾Ҳû鵽һ
γ¶İӺҶʲôϵ
̶ĽҶҶȻ̾˿ӵ£ﻹֱүɡ


 45 

ҶŶһ˦ë, 󣬿ͷĽҶս, ֺˣдˡ
ĽҶ˷ҶŶǰֽдŴ־Ͳдˣôӽ
ҶŶ, ʱʱʹΪӣǰҶŶŮ, ѧ鷨
ҶŶסĽҶֱ, ﲻڣսͰдһ
ĽҶëҶŶ, , ճһϱҴȥ
ϱҶŶ۾, ϲˣϧϾ˹ҵ, ˡ
ҪϿ, ·ӻ, ҶŶίͰ͵ؿĽҶ
ĽҶЦЦ磬һȥͬ˵ġ
ҶŶһ, ϲüң̿ʼܱʼ, ܿ˶ʮŴ֡
ս㣬ˡҶŶֽҪȥĽҶ, ͼһ۵뿪˽
뿪ĿǰĽҶ۾չѰ顱
ҶŶֵĵطҶҲõһ鷿ŵľЩż뿪Ŀƿõ鶼ǰԺ鷿޿ҵ
ĽҶԴ֪ûֱӲ뿪ģֻ˵˾䣬빫㡱ߵҶŶֵǰ
ҶŶѹս㣬治Һġϻ֮ҾҲˡ
ĽҶԴֻұ飬Ϲʲôأ
ҶŶ龫ֵգգۣŲأ翴սһǹֵֹģȻ˵֡
дײʢѰٻ˼ҲһҶŶΪŮҲҪѧģ˺üĵ˼ڰĽҶסˡ
ĽҶǼְ죬ƽֻǲôƧֻǲᣬյȳ·ˣɡ
ʱ뿪˹Ŷĸֲ᣿ҶŶ˺ü뿪ĶĽͣһûҶŶʵ̫ǳԡ
ĽҶ뿪ģֻɫ棬ĵû׼ˣ뿪Ҳұżġ
дˡҶŶѹζս㣬ȥѹθ֣ȻǾȥˡһ̳鷿
뿪ЦЦתĽҶչڿʡ
ĽҶᣬ㷭
뿪ëʣīһֽϱһġۡ
ĽҶȵĲ뿪ľ֪Ƨʫ뿪ĵ֣پɡ
ĽҶϲ鷨ֻʱס̾һ䣬빫ӵǿ
Сʱϲ鷨ãʱ䲻徭ûˡ뿪˵Űֽչȥ
ĽҶ뿪ļӵĴ磬ȫûκεΣ֪ڵĴãֱӾܾʹ뿪ĵģΪƲ
ĽҶǳǳһЦ׵лˣôõ֮˵ȥӣ뿪ȴסֽ֣ĽҶƯ۾չ˼ɷʱһΪ񡱡
ĽҶɿ֣ոջܵĶ뿪ĵĺø˲ɢ˲˵˼仰뿪ľ͸Ŀŵˡ
뿪Ļ˼ֱҪң浱ʮСأ㼸仰ͱסˡ
ǵ뿪ҵˣĽҶ˺ֻؿ뿪һۣȥ
뿪ļĽҶûϹϽͣչҲǸ˼ֻһ˵
ҶŶûˣ뿪ĲԣĽҶûҶŶֱˡ
գҶŶκȲĽҶһȥϳϡ
ĽҶһϳͿһȹḶ̌Ա߻һ͵ӡ
ãұ𣿡
һüͷ˭ãԼһҡ
Ϊһ½ôˣͬء
̲ͷƲۣʱÿĽҶæ˹ȥս㣬ˡ
ΪԼŮӣڷˣⳡĲͷҹ飬Ӯ˱͸㡱
ģܲӮأȥɡ
Ϊֻǹصͷ˵ػȥˡ
ĽҶϳ֮ǰ뽯ͤӣ书ڽ֮ͤ£ֻʽЩ
ǾϰңӵܸͨĽҶȤã磿
ƲƲ죬ҲŲôءӱĽҶͶߣҶŶȥǰ濴ϡ
ϷΪӣŶװֻɫͬӼع쳣ҡ
ҶŶ˷ܣ˵س嵽ǰ濴ֺѾ߸ţĽҶҲû̫⣬ͬһں졣
̫̾û˼ˣЩç򣬺ֱײġ
ĽҶüΪøߴһվ˶Ҫ˼
ҡҡͷľԴ书ǲӲЩ
̿ųϵӰźҲ࣬ҶȻһϧǸ
һҶȻĽҶ̺ĻϽ͵ҶȻǣԣϹ˵ġ
һɣǲֹô˵ȥˣЩ˶˵ء
ĽҶǰһڣô죬ҶȻ֪ˣ׼־Ϲնǲǣԡ
תתٺһЦô֪ģѵ㿴˾ˡ
ĽҶϽס̵ͣЩļϻǲͬ˵ˣҶȻˣˣǰ
ĽҶ֣Ӹˣôͬ͵ģôô
ĽҶ͵ؾҹľ룬ԼҶȻ۵׵ζҡҡԴԸ롣
ȻĽҶļ磬˶Ҷģ㱻˾в˰ɣģҲȥġ
ĽҶЦã˼ͣɣܲŽȥۼɡ
󣬻Ϊ˹ãӮˣҪȥҹ𣿡
̿ĽҶĽҶΪϵΣԸŶˣһҪžŶأȥɣ㡱
̵ͷҺܿġһһͬΪǸҹϡҪǲÿҿɲҪ
Ϊͷ˵Ǳ߽ģҿͦÿġ
ĽҶŶ˽ԶȥʱʱصɻΪһۣΪƢ׷ãĽҶЦЦ˿Żͦһġ
ĽҶջߣƼһźɫװͷ߸Ӣˬ
ĽҶЦӯӯ¹Ҳϣ
ѾĽҶһˣĽҶմһϮˮܽɫϸȹ޼һֻŵ÷ʤѩˡ
ճȭϴμĽҶȥһ֪ĽҶĸҶ̫̫õŮĽҶͬҶȻѪԵϵ
ֻϵľ˾˺Ů˽ҶȻ˵ҪϵԼס
ռĽҶˣһĹŮӣֻ֪鰮ƯһǴ֮ǰЩŹŮҶȻûϣôĽҶƫƫҶȻۡ
ɨĽҶһۣ߰Ҳģ³ϡ
ĽҶزĵ⣬ѿĻ£һЦһȽ̻


 46 

ȴϾʹ˷ŹĽҶ, ڽסڳд
ĽҶòȥҶ̫̫ҷס¡
鳣뽫ʿ򽻵, ˵ֱӣסˣĸֻҶŮ㵹İá
ĽҶüͷһ, ȻҲģסҶҶ˶û, һ˵л˵
ĽҶ֪, ֻ浱ӿ裬, ̫̫ϲ, λ˾Ҳû¹ô, ֪˻ΪҶء
߾Ҫߴ磬ĽҶ䲻֪ΪΪԼ, ڽ, ҲҶȻ, ȻˣȻҪʹˡ
û뵽ģ˵ͦġ, ĽҶ֮⣬Ŀ, ʶҶôˣһϹս鲻һ, ܲܳҶ˻˵׼
鲻мؿĽҶһۣ㣬ĸ˫һŮ޳ЩĥԼĻ£óϹ˻ں
ĽҶ⻰òᣬյʱȻЩ˿ԼӾˣֺ˶ϹϾ˾˶ĽҶȻͲԼˡ
ձôһ˵֮ǰӿͷĽҶŪ壬˵ʲôҶȻϵãҶȻ⣬ٵҥôôࡣ
뵽ĽҶ۾һľ˾ˣδͬ㣬ͲҪ޸ˡ
ĽҶ˵ֻ꣬⣬鿴ЩȡĽҶĵԤУתȻҶȻһۣ
ĽҶֻ׺䶥ǰһڣڴţôͱˡ
һˣҶ磬ұ컹һ
ҶȻû飬ֻߵĽҶǰĽ
ĽҶȾһ˿糺죬̧ͷպҪС
ҶȻԲԲĻޣЦģίˣ
ĽҶ̧ۣҶȻᣬһŻ񣬡ûʲôҺ¹˵Цء
һһԣչ䡱
ҶȻ̧۳鿴ȥľζʮ㣬ĽסںҶˣݲ๡
һӱɫĽҶȸԾҶȻȻ̰ôŮ
ĽҶûҶȻ֮⣬ȴ׵ģҶȻǾĽҶˣ
ҶȻͬĽҶԶȥıӰ۽ɬвʣսȭͷ
գĽҶȥӣ˱棬ˡ
ĽҶ̧һĲֻ磬滹һƲĸˣﱧһСŮޣ߻Щк
翴ĽҶȵЦЦش˴֣չ飬ŻᱻҴڲƭˣд̧֣ҪҼƽϡ
ĽҶ˱û˵
û֮ǰͬӵĳ棬̵ڳộο
糶һЦݣӻƵĴȫ뿪˾ǣȥҵǴ磬ȴֻң߻ƭ֮ǰҵӡ
չ֮ǰҺͿŻԼ治Ƕӣ㲻ˣܲܿںӵķϣڷԡ
˵İٰһѧˣ֪ÿˡ
ĽҶڷ˱˿ӣСĲ꣬ſǸ˻Ͱ͵ģĴŲ·ͷҿ
ĽҶ̾˿ǽأ
ҡͷ´ˣҾҲϡԺҾʵʵдӣЩ˵ĺƭ
ĽҶ˵ЩżҲôֳɣֻҪɣԺҲֻӡ
ǩµ󣬷ڷ޶ȥ
ʣΪʲôҪ簡֮ǰŷʱˡ
ĽҶ飬ĿƣдĻǮȻûҪַηҲǸѵȻˡ
ĽҶϵ˷󣬻ڽǣ˱׼ҶȻİæ˳ɵش¡
ӳĽҶȥһȻߵſڣͼһһˮۣڵغƣˮ۲Ϻ͹ƵģҪ˻
˳ԸۣϸͬǸ˵ʣʩ춼ɫҲͶʮ꣬ȷʵòˮۡ
ǸɫԻҶʮˣ˵ôţõۻǵá
ЦЦҿʺϷˣ۲ʥƷƽһСȻҪˣҾۼˡ
Ǹۣһ£Ļϲظӣˡ
ʱĽҶ߽ȻѩǿˣɾȰѲĿˡ
𿺰˸ĽҶ裬֮ǰԺҪԹɫӭû뵽ڳˣЩó
Ȼ⼸ոտţæĽҶӲ鷻˼Ѿæһ򻨲
˵̸½ӵ֮ǰԺа취ԸЩѲĿˣʱ벻ӿ;Ͳӣ趼û취
˵⣬ȴƤһĽҶδ⣬ֻĬĬȲ裬ŷ
ȻˣȻµѾߣƴˣֻʵǶûŸˡ
ĽҶղȻĴ˽ӵİţһմ¥Ůӣ֮ǰһӴЩֻǶĽҶˡ
Щʲô
ͷҲûʲôҪģǹϲʲôʲôо
ĽҶһʱҲҪʲôԸȥúò顣
գ㵽ҶȻԼȥ鰸ӣĽҶȴӺȥ鷻װҶȻӽ˹á
ҶȻ˸оʬ˵ʬʵ̫ϣ
ʬѾڵˣƤѾã׹ɭɭɢŵζ
ĽҶֻһЩѰʬ̣Ҳ˵ֻζʵѬˡ
ҶȻ˵ƼĽҶɫԸӰȥڿײƷ
˸ӣĽҶ̾ƷҲ̫ˡҶȻѾԸ˰Ʒϴһذڹ
ĽҶϸϸȥкü׵ʯͷ棬⣬ 
Ǹ
СȡøĽҶĽҶϸƣҡҡͷԶЩԽǿ壬ý˲žɫһ
Ʒ¿һĽҶѾȷ沢ԽĶЩδԼǵ¶ᣬԽĹ
ĽҶŻϾڹײ꣬ùҲɾС˴ȥ֡
ӲԶһھɵûˮͰС˱ҴææȥȡˮͰˡ
ĽҶһ࣬ʱһ˹һװĽҶ˺һļҵĹүģ
ĽҶǹͷ棬۾תתȥüͷûг


 47 

ǹӲΪ, 뾻֣һ֣ľͰĽҶһͰˮ
ĽҶʲô׵ģ׼Ƽ, ľͰߣýͬеС
ĽҶ̧ȥǹ, һֱôǸСưͣ
ԭĹӸ֪С١Ԫ, ١Ԫѧ, ֺУ, ˽֪з, ƽ￴ݰ׵СҪϷһѡ
ⲻտһװĽҶͰβˣ޲Ҫ, ֻǸˣ, 󲿷Ҳ͸ˡ
ĽҶ١ԪԼǰ, ۾һֱ, 񣬡ÿ
١Ԫɫһ䣬Ϊ, û뵽һ˾ҺȳһסĽҶ°, ⾩үÿĿû֪֪ү˵ŻȥץĽҶ֡
ž, ĽҶֱһȵ١Ԫϣүһڰˡ˵ز˲١Ԫĵط
١ԪСһͰˮ𾪣ĽҶװֻһˣ˦֪һơ
١ԪĽҶԶܻùͰˮһãĽҶĺֱʪһ롣
١ԪЦݣʲôߣȻүҪ㣬ͺúá˵һ룬١Ԫɫ䡣
ҶȻ˹ĽҶϣóĽҶ˲ͷϵˮ顣
١Ԫһ𾪣ѵ洫ҶȻзģǵҶȻ谮Сˣ
үСɾҪϴ֣ˮһСľ͡١Ԫľսؽ͡
ҶȻɫīղֻģ
١ԪңͨүС֪ˣңһҪƿأֲܷϡ˵ĽҶķȥС۲ʶ̩ɽСĸͷĹҰɡ
١ԪֻδĽҶ½ǣͱҶȻһ߿˺ײʯͷϲͣ£ֱ³һѪ
Ȼ㲻˵ǾֻһɡҶȻ̬·ֻ˵һƽ£ǰѹס١Ԫܿ촫Ĳҽ
һ紵ĽҶ̲ס˸磬֮ǰ١ԪһˮֻߣڿҶȻֶΣӲԾز˲
ˣҶȻĽҶǰ½Ҳմˮ毺õ֣ӲʱسȥҶȻɫһ䣬ֱӺᱧĽҶȥ
һĽҶֲŵץסҶȻ½Сү񲻺ϣȷҡ
ҶȻ˵꣬ͰСԴԼ¶
ĽҶһ׹ˡ֮ǰװҶȻֻǸСӣû˻ע١Ԫֳô£˼סպȥɾ鷳ˡ
ĽҶ㲻ʵʵشҶȻҶȻźŵζ¡Ŵȣ˵һοôĽҶԾغ
ҶȻ⸽˽լլ˿ҶȻﱧһӣ𾪣ҶȻƽͷҿ
լѾ߸ĽҶһɫ廨ȹʪװĽҶ˶˲١
ױĽҶ˸ڵãҶȻףˣԸ˶õĽЩĪȾ˷纮
ĽҶ״ССڵغţҶȻɫ󣬿ŷ١ԪֶֻѾˣòͰ
ˡĽҶ١ԪҶȻ˫Ϊ١ԪϾ֪ĶӣĽҶԸҶȻִٰ
ĽҶղҶȻĳڰʵҿԼߵġôҳֻˡЩָȥͼӴףҶȻз硣
ҶȻĽҶһ˫ˮ΢̣ʲô塱
ĽҶкɣϻҶȻ֪ʱɲôƵ̬ȣ̧ۿȥײҶȻŨᡣ
ĽҶһİ״룬æҵذŻϡ
ҶȻ۴Ц⣬ֲ˲ĽҶߵҩ֭磬ôôСģ
ȵָӴ߻ĽҶؾ©һģҲ̫ˣŵشԴһ˿糺ȾӨ׵Ķ
ĽҶﲻסģҶȻǺ⣿ղ񣬾ǳĹô򵥡
ҶȻƼ⽿̬ﶯ˶ЦƵôˣʲô
ĽҶһȣҶȻʱȻˣץ°ڣȥҶȻֻʬ𣿡
ҶȻջĿ⣬ָ˿һ淢඾
ⶾϴεٻϡУ˼ҽûⶾɣֻ֪һζֻеıݡ

ĽҶ֮ǰڴʿдʥϣҶȻץˣ뵽ҶȻһֱ׷¶İӣĽҶһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
ھ˲Ᵽ˵û˸ǳСš
ҶȻɲ豭ζЦЦĽ˵ʲôֱ˵
ʱ繡
ĽҶȹϵĻƣŬȥҶȻ̬ȣǵ𣿡
ҶȻͷѾüĿˣ羾ġ
ĽҶֽգʲôҶȻ˵ȨȨ죬ʲô첻ġ
˵ˮԺĽҶûȥ밸ӵ£ڴǰŴΣӳľԺﷴҶȻյ̬ȡ
ʱҶȻһȣһļ磬ĽҶɿԸܵҶȻֱǿ̧ۿȥϡԿҶȻĺ΢Ŀơ
ƶһ̽ӣүЩ˲Ѫ˵Ǹѹѹ
ƽҶȻܻЩʱ³ΣʱĲƥĽҶΪǳĹģо֪ҶȻܣҶȻ
ҶȻ˼ûô򵥡
˲Ѫ࣬ĽҶҶȻƯ۾ʱˡ
ѪǺö˵רŽͷģóһ롱ϰҶȻԼҹͶ߸˵š
ĽҶڰ֣ˣЩ֣ʲôû˵ˡ
󣬴ߵĽҶ꣬飬þò
գҶȻλĽҶһȥӽչĽҶ֪ҶȻڶ࣬Ҫȥ֮ǰҶȻһ鰸ǽڰˣ㶼ˣ
ܿ㵽³ڣҶ˶ȥδϿۣĽҶˣѡһϮźɫȹĽҶϣһ֧׹ӡ
ôĽҶݵժ׹ӡ
զ࣬ڴ棬˵ˣôƫͲ׹ӡ
Ʊһܰ׹ӣĽҶϡ
źĽҶСײȥιͷȴԺһ
Ѿ߷ͷԺҶûҵͷܣôҲ˸ģȻͻˡ
ĽҶģˮԺͷƫƧСӵĽӡѰȥСľͷͷҶӵͷ
ĽҶͷԺҶ㲻ԣʲôôƫƧ·ô˷Ҷӣͼɽһ˳


 48 

뿪һɫ, ԵˬɾĽҶ, ⣬չӣ
ÿ, ӶҾ͸ЩҶӡ뿪Ŀֿ, һǫǫӵģ
ĽҶ̫, ˽ֻ֪ӣͷ, ͻصˮԺ
뿪ĵ, ͻӣÿնҶιͷ, û׼Ϊ
ĽҶͷл뿪һ, Сȥ
뿪ûϵĽҶӦ䵭, ҴҸȥ, չЩ˵
뿪ĿĽҶ˺, Ҷ࿴һ۾͵ͷ̫̫Ժ, һμ㣬ҾһһЦ
ϴ鷿һЦ, ӻʧɫˣԽŻԽģǹͻ
ĽҶ䣬Խ˵ǲ
뿪ļĽҶɫͣЦ⣬ж˶ջȥշת࣬ҹ˯ãЩӡ
뿪ֽŵճȭɫȻչĵģֻ㡱
ĽҶЦһ뿪һۣ·ֻڿ԰һžͱͷȥ
չġ뿪ĽҶǰֻҪԸңһһһ㣬½ˣҲ檡
ĽҶЦŨˣһ˿Ϸʣһû׼ᱻ뿪ģŪȥˡ
ôһ뿪ּҾƶҸҵ̫ˡ
Ͽڿ˵һ飬̶ʵʻǿ޺Ҷ̫̫ӡ
뿪ļĽҶһƲ˵ƵģЩţԭǼƻŶ˶סںżվ飬˭֪һʮ죬ĽҶûԺӡ
ĽҶǴˣȥӿۣ˵Ҷ̫̫ϣĽҶͬҹ࿴
뿪֪ԼȲЩӣΪǿĽҶһˣȻȥЩӸ࿴ˡ
ĽҶ뿪ģƽ빫ӣҶ˼ҴˣҲʺ㡱
ĽҶ뿪ӣû˵ƣ뿪ȴΪĽҶƶ˵ʣ׷ʵչƽҲ飬ѵЩ֮ȷͨҪЩǼԺգҹҹ¥ıȵҶרһ
ĽҶüƾվͱ뿪ĿƶĽôһñӣ˭Ҳˡ
ĽҶһ뿪ģ빫ӣһŵʮһԸ⣿
뿪ЩͷԣҪԷ˭о־ݡ
ĽҶһЦǱˣͬ˵רһ˵ƾ˭Ҳ֪ɻڴ¡
뿪ɫǺ죬ѵ㲻ĵģҽֻ
ĽҶܲ뿪αĻϵأҾҪȸһ۰Ͱ͵һĳŵ㵽ʱˣ־ݶûУ˵ȥ
ΪʲôҪôĴ㣬ȴ̤뿪ۺί·ĽҶŪĸĺ㣬ôˡ
ĽҶҡҡͷѾ뿪ǹⴧװͿƵҾˣһҪȨƣԺգ޳տŵƭ֪Ůӡ
뿪ɫˢͨ죬ĽҶˣЩЩճȭ
ʱͷĽҶ£ĽҶϽסë˵һ䣬ҲĪ״ԪкܶүŮ޸㡱
ޣˣĲѧĪ˵״Ԫʿһеˡ˵գĽҶЦӯӯرͷˡ
뿪ԭأɫ࣬ոĽҶǼ仰ֱӴʹʵȷʵĥŸңΪУѧҲУ߽ݾ
뿪۾ĽҶԶȥıӰճȭ֡
ԭĽҶˣ뿪˵Զûйȥ󼸾仰ˡ
Щɻʣ㵱һҪȨƵ𣿡
ĽҶԴһ£Ȼˣ⻰ǹ뿪ĵģҡʵԼҾƶһڷܶӺͣ뿪ȻڴС
סԴٺһЦǹϲʲôӣ
ĽҶͣסŲϸ룬ԺһƬհףҡҡͷ벻
۾ô벻һŮӰĽӲǸߴʣȨƣ
ĽҶǰȻ͸ҶȻӰһŸϽ񣬡߿Щ컹ҪȥӿۣĪ̫̫ˡ
Ӻ󣬲žöķΧŨ񣬺иɫСۣò֡ۺܿ쿪ʼˣ밶󣬰ߵİո
ս㡱һϮȹ˳˹ҸҲأǺڻҡ
ĽҶмһһҺڻɫһȣԶԶ˦ۣҪεͷˡ
ǵȻȸԾʱһ·ĹټС㲻мغһ۶çģӮʲôɸ˵ġ
㡭ǹѾѾԱߵˡ
һˣԿСҺָɫ󲻶ԣлңǺˡ
ĽҶʵôˣʲô飿
ղͬ¼ҵĹһͤ￴ۣ˵ƽһ׹ӣǧӣԱ߼ټС㲻֪飬Ϊ飬桱
Ҽҵ飬һǼٻҺĪϰƭˣ˵Ǽ
߷ߣҼʲôǧļ׹ӣһҪһ׹Ųǧ𣿡
ĽҶο̼䣬һ׹Ҫһһסˡ
ʱΪѰ̣ȥԼҵҶƣ˲佫֮Ժ󣬸߸˵
ĽҶҲҶ̫̫ҶҵҶ̫̫Ȼǻ˼һҪĽҶ࿴÷
ĽҶ˺üҹӣǫǫӣº˫ڣҲֻǴ˸棬δ˵
ĽҶüܿʲôЩӸôܻæصʵʵģһۣѵ֪˫Ƿʣ
Ҷ̫̫ĽҶв֣ĽһҲҲ޷һֻ˵Ҫ¼ҹӣû˵࿴Ҳûʲôġ
ĽҶЦЦһģһֱ޲ȥĸʱҶ
Ҷ̫̫üǲĸǰˣںסþסãҰͲ߶ء
ֻﵱ޷ˣҲ뵢㣬ЩˡҶ̫̫ӹĽҶĲ裬ˣղˡ
ĽҶһʱ̫̫˹ͬҶ̫̫˼䣬ԭ˵˴֪Сһ׼µĿƿϳš
Ҷ̫̫ЦУרĶðȿƿˣϸơ


 49 

̫̫Ҷ̫̫û, ŷϻش»ȥȥĽҶ
һ̫̫ͶĽҶϲˡĽҶסҶ, Ҷ˶ĽҶǿޣ˵ĵغã, кöʱǵǣƽҲǺ
ĽҶļҲǺ, ʹЩթֶ, ۸ͷˣҲ, һҲ
̫̫ĽҶĵ̷Ҷ̫̫, ԽԽ⣬һòТ˳, 浾⣬ǿӲʱҲ, ⲻǼѵϱѡ
ϧԼ, һֻ֪, Ҳ֪̫̫ͣ¾ģһ, ʹȥҶݷá
̫̫ͬҶ̫̫ĵÿģη˽, ЦݣҲ˹
̫̫ϲη˲ȵߵԸ񣬼, Ѱ˸ڳȥˡ
η˺˿ڲ裬ǹάҶ̫̫ü䣬ŷ·һμĽҶ㣬̫̫ŮǳԽԽˣģǶһһġ
ĽҶ⣬ûǴĻϻ£η˼Ǻһٷ̣ô̬ȱ仯ô
Ҷ̫̫ϲ豭һ㲻η棬ϻ㲻˵Ůôξ͸Ŀˣ
ϴλͷ˵ģ̫̫ǧϡηڨڨһЦʱ֪ĽҶҶȻߵýŸҷĽҶ
ǰգܼ˵ĽҶӱһƣҶȻصȥôǮаĽҶŮ˼
ηһͺڲƲҶңҶȻǼͽġ
ҶȻӲܻ¸Ҳر׽ˣʶٹԱҲѰ·һĽҶηȻסᡣ
ηֿĽҶü䣬˵컨׹Сӣ귽ʮߣںԺְ˵չﵹҲʡ
Ҷ̫̫Ƥ˿ηˣ˿ڲ裬̫ˣĽʮķҲܳʮ
ηЩˣ˻ȢĽҶ൱ڱҶȻպֱϣܷᣬʮʮʲôôں¼ǳӶʮˣҲȢǮҲʮĵСŮ
Ҷ̫̫ǮһҪʳ¼ңҶ˿Ůٵ¡˵գĽҶ¥
ηԭأһһ飬Ҷ̫̫Ƿ˼أûзĽҶ˻˼˭֪Ҷ̫̫ҶȻϣĻ
Ҷ̫̫¥İ䣬ͬĽҶηĻ´γͣŵ㡱
ĽҶͷǣҶ̫̫η˸ղŵĻʮĶȢ㣬ֱǳ롱
ĽҶҲϲηˣʮͻ̫󣬡ӲʮȢ𣿡
һ˼ҵĺʮͶˣĻϵʮ껹û䣬ָǶʲô⡱
Ҷ̫̫һ˵ģЩϵʮȢ޵ģ岻Уʲô񱣬΢Ů˼ҶѽεεĹ޹ȥ
Ľģĸ϶ѰʮɣģȻˡҶ̫̫˵գĽҶ˵Щ˲ˣһҶ̫̫Щˡ
Ҳ㣬ȥͬҹ˵˵ú桱״ǰ̫̫ȥϢ
ĽҶ˶¥İ䣬˶һ¥¥徲ĽҶ㿴羰ͷȥ
ĽҶϲ⣬ӻͳһţչͷŸ㡱
ĽҶӹŷдСɾµġչ֣Щ֣˭ţ
ͼһ˶¥ĽҶŷ⣬ͷǣճұһġ
һɨƼһ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮񡱼֡
ĽҶȣ⻹һյ鷤ȥŵ˻ʱ
չ˻һɫͳۣ忡ţȻղȥǺ
˻ĽҶ˵ˮһһֶ˵㣬㡭㿴𣿡˻аգƽͬϲĽҶȴǽţҺд鷤⡣
ĽҶɫƽջŷ˵ͷ
ĽҶմһźɫȹ񻣬ˣ֮ǰεĴޣ˻ֻۣı÷ɿ졣
ǣԸ𣿡˻˫峺ʵ
ĽҶ̾˿˻һƬף治֪ʵСŮˣˮĹ¡
˻Σǿĸǰì̬ܵȣƫĴʽĽҶ㲻޵μȥ
˻ĽҶһֱ˵Щżչһúչģһӣһίĵġ
ĽҶǳǳһЦͬĻ뿪Ҳ˵ˣ˻Ļֿ
Ȼ˻ģ뿪ȢǸʣ˻ǵȢ˻Ҵ壬ǰ̽ںԺְǰһƬ
˻üã忡ţѵõǣ˻δմȾٳϵĲϰһ緢
ĽҶ۽ޣԸˮ˻ᣬιӵĸмԵιѰ䡱
˻ԭأЩʧǣΪʲôΪʲôԵ
ĽҶһֱ֪˵Ϊĸ̫ʡ
˻ĽҶԥ²бĿǰĽҶˮʵԵģҿ⣿
ĽҶ۽޶˶ĸ˻
ҶԶһҸΪĴ󴬣ڴͷҶ֣۶ˣڴͷʲôء
ҶȻڴͷԶĺ棬⿴
ʱ˹㲻ҪڼұŶôˣ
ˡӻ֣̫̫ӲҪȥ࿴ҲŽ˵Ҫġô֣ôܲš
ļҹﰡȥһۡһ档
ҶȻһۣ̫̫˵ҶҵĹ䲻֪Ǵ󷿵ĻǶĹҶȻǲͣȻҶҽˣȥûȥ
첻ش𣬱㲻׷ʣոڰߣ˻Ⱥһ겻ӣʵأղŻˡ
ûˣðɡ
ĴȻڲԶϿ˻Ӱǿǲ֣Gǰһ
ߵͷϸһ˻Ա߹Ȼһ˻θߴ󣬵סǹֻϡܿǹ񻡣
˻ǰ˭ҶȻȴһ۾ϳˣɫ䣬۾Ŷˡ
һ˷ܣǰҾͼ͵͵дţһд˭̺ˡڿȻдġ
Ѵȥ
˵һ룬ͼҶȻɫ࣬򣬴һȥҶȻ̴˹ȥ
ԣ̸˹ȥҲȥ֣Ӻס
ӣ̫̫֪ˣȥء
źؿһۣεػ˰ϣŵȻȥ˻һҪץʸס
лҪ˵һ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮˾ġˡ

 50 

һ¥ͨ¥¥, ҶȻմӶߵ¥ȥ˻ʹһߵ¥ˡ
״ûиߣǴյ˻ǰ, һشǹ˭
ĽҶ˶¥һ䣬úϢ, žͱ͵ƿ
ҶȻһīɫۣɫ, ɨ˷һ, ֱӰŹϣ
ĽҶ￩һ, ҶȻǴʲô
ҶȻ˵, ī˫ֱֱѹ, ĽҶڶסĿѹڵ, ү, үǶڡ
ҶȻֱӴ, õʲô
ĽҶŷԼﻹ˻дţذЦЦ, ֮ǰһĹԶȥ, 㳣дš
ҶȻɫ˼֣żգ͸ƭ, øҿ
ĽҶڨڨһЦǹ֮дţ˲㿴
УˣҶȻ۾ĽҶǳȻԿˣʡ㲻̣ܽΪ
ޣĽҶ߷ߵȭͷҶȻͼڻš
ҶȻĽҶľǿһһߵĽҶǰŸҡ
ĽҶһ˼Ǿʧ롣
ҶȻǹ˹һ˿ζؼĽҶȥ
ĽҶܿ챻Ƶǽǣ޿ˣ
ҶȻǰըëĽҶôСӸţ
ĽҶһҶȻ֪ˣԭڱִ
ĽҶ̧ۣҶȻˮѹֵŭ˲֪ҶȻʱͬһЩսսµλȨصҶȻ
ҶȻƽͣչˣĽҶ˷ģʱʱҶȻǰˣСƢ
ڼҶȻĽҶ͵ҶȻһ棬飬ֶ
ĽҶֶ˶ΡΡذŵ˳
ҶȻùţݲݿۣƿĽҶĴֱӰһŶȥ
ĽҶæת⿴ȥֻɫֽˮʪܿˮУӰ
ĽҶЩҶȻڿ˵ĸܵôţֱͬˡ
ĽҶתҶȻεĿ⣬ռ
ĽҶ۽޲˲ʵĻǰֻԼҶȻܶ⣬ǽҶȻⷬɰѿܶȥˡ
ĽҶ۽ޣֲڵץ壬Щ֪롣
ҶȻˮʵ⣿
ĽҶʹԴһԲ
ҶȻòᣬûֱӱ⣬ŵվ飬Լ⡣
ãȻԱӶˣҶȻǵĽҶСɵĶ˶
ûСĽҶ̧ͷ
ҶȻ飬ĽҶ˿ɣشһ룬ҶȻ̻
ʱڴͷ˻ǱأǷ⡣
ĽҶϸ룬˻ȷʵܺãֺԣһϺõӣͣᾴ壬ȴûһ˿Ҫռе˼
ĽҶûĸӶģ֪ռУҲǿƣֻǾ޿̹͡
ĽҶֽգԸҶȻֻΪм˻һƬֿȻԵպǷţǱ⴫Ķ
ҶȻ⻰ɫĿĽҶϡ
ĽҶһϮźɫȹ֦ͷһӻĶˡ
ҶȻ񽥽ͣСȻô綼ÿ
ĿƣĽҶĲϣҶȻüô׹ӣ
ĽҶ˵һ˫ˮԶ磬Ȼǻ
ҶȻ΢ɲ̾˿ղ̫ˣ׼ŵСˡ
ҶȻӻͳһӡлƵ̴ľУ򿪣Ǵ׹ӣÿġ
ĽҶЩʲô̧ۿȥȴֶϻһ˿ȡ
ĽҶӦҶȻѾ׹ˣĶһѡ
ϴһȣԸҶȻָЩ룬ĽҶԾȾһƬҺ졣
ĽҶ׹ӣĳɫܺã⻬ˮ
ҶȻüۺЦȫ޸ղŵĺģϲ׹𣿡
ϲȥЩʽҶȻעĽҶĿˣֻһۣ˽ȥ
ĽҶ飬ŵҪȥժ¶׹ҶȻס󣬡ʲô
ĽҶҶȻ˵Ͻɿ֣һ
С촽΢򣬷ޣ۾ˮɣ޾ί
ҶȻһˣգҲǹġһ˼Ǵɽȼ㡭
ĽҶһҶȻҪ
ʱײˣչӦáҶȻʱŶȻ죬˺ü£ŴһҶү𣿡
ĽҶһţ˿ҶȻйŮͬһңҲϴˡ
ҶȻתãʲôֱ˵
ĽҶԱ˳ȥ㵽ͷ
ĵܣң磬Ȼˣȥ
ĽҶǰһڣȻҶأҪ
ҶȻ첽˹ȥˣҼȻˣȻҪȥ
ȻˣҶȻĸߴ󣬵ס˴룬Ҷ͸϶ƣֻĴţûпˣвɣҶȻкһ˺ܵ¥İֻΪ˿羰
粻ȥ𣿡ҶȻɫƽʵ
ȥȥҶҪʵĻͬҶȻһȥһ¥
ĽҶ󣬴ŲֵһյĹ򣬲˳ƿź󣬼ûˣСôһ¥ȥˡ
ĽҶһһûзֶ¥սӰ˿
ҶҵŮ춼һ¥İţǳľ¥ģϰڣ˸ʯȸɫȡ
ĽҶһȥҶŶ͸˵ս㣬ȥĶѽŶһء
ĽҶǣҶŶһǰûϣҺһδ羰𣿡
ҶŶ֭һڣҲҪδսٴȥϻصɡ
ҶȳҶŶŶĪ֣Ȼ֪սˣ׼Ҫѵ㡱
չﳯҶЦЦҶǴ󷿳Ů浾ţдҹ֮磬Īô˵ҺϲŶźһȥ桱
ҶŶͷؿҶɣҾ˵ˣսϲˣ̫ˣսˡ
ҶεĽҶһЦʱһഫһЦҶЦбĽҶһۣŶ¶սֶζأ᣿ҿĻŶԡ
ĽҶŲ豭һ֪ΪܾҶݣҶЦһֱ
ҶõüЦ˵ʲôأĽǽãôԳˡ
ҶЦһӣʲôҳˣҸʱ򣬿һû뵽ˡ
ʱűƿϺȽƷҶ̫̫˽
лҪ˵

 51 

Ҷִ̫̫, ףŷʣôˣ
ҶЦȿ, ĽҶЦңﻰⶼҡ
ĽҶûϵҶЦûϢˣߵڰ, ٽûУֻԵò԰û˵, ҶЦ
ҶЦĽҶ, Ϊץס㣬ڳǰִ, ϻڻ԰Ҳ, ҵģתͷ״, ﲻ׾һ١
ĽҶﲻֻǾȣҶЦǱ軵, ˵֪ءĽҶ, ҶŶ顱ط롣
˵, ϻڻ԰ΪսġҶŶѰ۾Բս, ˣҶڻ԰ 
ҶЦɫһ, ûϵҶŶ̨ŶǲĽҶô˵, ƽʱɹɶˣ˵Щ
ߣûءҶŶСһҾͿ졭
ҶЦץҶŶĴϽ㿴ҶŶȻΪϲңϹǺ
ס족Ҷ̫̫׹ˣլʲôHûƷʾʾؿҶЦһۣսǸ
ҶЦɫһһףȽ֪Լ̫嶯˵ûϽ˳ҶЦ䣬ǸûˣĽؿ㣬ƽϵġ
ҶЦһ˦䣬ӿ˳Ӱ˳ȥȽͬҶ̫̫˵һϽ׷˳ȥ
Ҷ̫̫̾˿Щˣû뵽Ůԣ֪ˣ͸ðҶЦӵԽ
Ҷ̫̫ɫָܿƽԷɡǸῴɫģЩȤ˵ܿ췹һƬڡ
úźĽҶ뽯Լãһȥֹ䣬ͬҶ̫̫˵һ
Ҷ̫̫ЦŵȥɣöཻѣҲѰСһȥء
ĽҶͷ˳ȥǰҶ̫̫ŴľɫЩ
ĽҶȥͬԼõͤԶԶһͤ˲ˡ
ս㣬ˡ˳ͻΪҶƣӮǮúù䡱
ĽҶЦЦ̺ͻΪƣȻô涼ӮǮˡ
̿һĽҶյװ磬Ȼ۾һս㣬׹ģҺû
ĽҶժҶȻϵĶ׹ˣժͿˣĽҶǳǳһЦûɡ
۾˶ɨһͤ˵ս㣬׹ӿÿļģȻҲҪȥһԡ
ȻˣԱߵļҲ˹׹ʱǾޡ
̵ЦЦĽҶԱȣȻܿǼٻˡ
ĽҶ̵⣬εס䣬ˣþա
ԭصļﶼĽҶĶ׹ҴûôƯ飬鴫
ɫ̫Ưˣ̫ˣҾȥŵһԡ
۷׷ףһߣѾĬǼٻ
ɫ˱̨̲⣬ĵӿһ˿ӵ
û飬ԿĽҶʱֻǸ̾Ư
Ľǹĵʥ죬ϻȥ㣬˵Ǳߵҹ飬ѰɫãѵһƷ
ϸʺţʣ͸˵ʱ˷йҶȻ
򴽣ĽҶţڽǶһģһ
ĽҶӴʺĽҶĶ׹ϵȻֻҶȻˡ
óۺῴĽҶԶȥɬ
ĽҶ˵ˮԺڴǰĳϣ˼ƽ
ĽҶȡ¶׹ŹʶĿģϻڽ׹ϵˣֲ˻˾档
ĽҶҶȻ϶׹ʱ飬·Ѿеİ£͸׹Ѱˡ
ĽҶ򴽣ҶȻôѽŮҶȻֶӵǰδޣô˼
ĽҶҶȻദĵΣս֮һжҶȻг緶չǴȥɽĹҶȻһ
ȵȣĽҶ۽޶˶֮ǰ˵ҶȻҶ˹ϵãҶʱǶٽӷ磬֤ʵһ㡣Ҷ˿ŶҶȻͿ仹͸롣
ĽҶԼԴҶȻȻҶ϶ôѵʱҶȻͶˣ
ĽҶᣬδҲ̫ĴˡڻԺǴҶȻ׽Ū۸ֻסˡ
˭ܱ֤´λܿס
ĽҶڱ֮ǰҶȻûаĶڲ
ʱӽˣԺǱˡ
ͻȥĽҶԺЩըëɵҶȻôණĻмⲻ֪ҶȻͼ
ǣ¶ԥ
ĽҶҵѾߣǺԺģͻȥҲա
ĽҶƽǺͺģγϵطƢԺѾߣ϶ˡ
СĽҶߣ֪ĽҶڵӻ˵϶㻹ǰѻ˵˳Ժһš
ţ
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ĽҶϲ鷨ֲϻؼ뿪ĵãֻǹĺãģǰ˵ķҶȻƮݶˣԳһɣз
ŷŵɫԼԼҶ磬ĽҶͼ죬ȴ벻ļ
ĽҶɫָƽЦش˹Ժôʲôү˴仰ˣαҪдء
һ棬žԲ򵥣ѵүЩݣԲš
ϻ𣿡ĽҶһ˿һˣ뻻ɫˬġ
Ӧȥˡ
ĽҶǰ΢⴩֦ϣӰ
ĽҶָĦҶȻΪθţѵΪ˻д鷤
ĽҶɨǽϵĻϻҶȻҲ˻ˡɽɾͼһԸ߰˷
ԺиҶȻݣĽҶʵ޷ҶȻԴ׵
ĽҶţ۽޲˲Զûյ˻ʱƽһҶȻдʲôһ־ţ˵ˡ
ԥ䣬⴫СѾߵ
˵ȥ鷻ˣ
ʲôҪ½㶼˵˲Ը⡱
Ҳû취˿ǹߵˣ½ôҵѽϴμ۸öˣ۾׵úƵġ
ĽҶʵ˭
СѾ߱һƽʱںԺɨΪĽҶҪЩ͵Ӻͷ죬û뵽ĽҶץ˸š
ĽҶɨ˶һۣȥҡ˵˿ӣ񣬾÷ĶʡѾƽ䣬ĽҶ뱻˷š 
ĽҶܣհ¡
ĽҶʱСѾѾˣ֪ںԺĽҶˣóһѾߵļƣѵһ١
СѾ߲ʮһͣҲСļŵˣһһĨᡣ
ĽҶˣ̸˱裬վࡣ
ĽҶƽʵǸղں˵±۸ˣôһ£
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ĽҶüʵʲô
ҹﴳ½ķȥȹѾ˵գ̵ͷ
ĽҶԺ̸Ƿ糾Ůӣ͹۸ĳ棬Ȼȹ츳ڲ鷻ĵλ粻ͬһӻųҷֻĬĬܡ
ĽҶȭͷԸ񣬡ȥ¶й
ƽﶼԺȺĽҶԸһ͵ˣƽ﹧ģʵк·Ը
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ûһ˿ͷûʲôˡ
ĽҶȹѾһۣʾѸղŵĻ˵һ顣
һɫһ߱ȹѾ˵·ʱ˳˵Щʲô
ĽҶʵЩ㵽û
һˣҺãǴô
ãܴ
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ĽҶɨһۣµʹԴȥ˲²⣬ȻϲҹȥȥĵطǾͰȴˣ㻹ҲҺΪ
˻һ𾪣ĽҶᷣôأＸѾҲ˽
̧ͷΣԥû˵ңֻҪԺҾˣء
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ĽҶҡҡͷǲĴѩ濺İȥġûѡ񣬺δ֮С
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ٺҶȥֱĹػĽҶֱĽҶסҶ̫̫һӣȥ֮ˡ
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ֿĽҶ󣬶˹ϵ׺ҲûĽҶӣֱӵ
֪Ϊǵ£Сӣûѧѧ˼ҳ
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ĽҶõʵǸͦõĹȹ츳ߣ鷻Ϊ˷˺ü
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ĽҶԺӺͷȥûˣֵ
̫̫û뵽ǶӾ컯ܵϴ󽫾
Ҷ̫̫һΣô磬Ҳˡ
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úźҶ̫̫һŨڵҩĽҶζЩ̱ǣʣĸӿɺãҪҪ
ԼԼ֪ͿҩˡҶ̫̫ȰĽҶͷȸ˼ҼˣҲͷˣһٻһʲô𡱡
ĽҶţôᣬĸӲʣô˵Щ
Ҷ̫̫ЦЦԣĽ˵öԣһЩʱգ㱻Щ۸ˡ
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Ҷֵ̫̫ĶԻĽҶ֪Ҷ̫̫ôҶȻĸ
ĽҶ֪˶ǸӵġģҶ̫̫ãζͲʹֶΡ 
ĽҶԾûָҶ̫̫Ҷ̫̫סո֪鷳
ο̫̫岻ãҪ֪ҶȻǣ϶ˡ
ĽҶŴ˳˰죬ŷŽһСϻصһ
ĽҶȡīǰʼʡ
ĽҶ˿ΪԾңдȴЩʧ䡣
ϣ˽Ծ۵ԺţĽҶҶһҶ̫̫ԣĽҶ϶һˡ
ҶͬͣϺүĶܣʱȥԽݣʮûؾˡ
ϺүҶԪվòĵÿѾ߿ʼ꣬ʵĶأˣô
˶һͣļҶȻǲģѵļζϺүȥġ
ҶԪղ֪ŵЦŵǰиϢֶӣһƷˣˡ
Ϻүһ⻰ϲЦտͤȥĶ˵ҽҪ
һҶȻҶһ˽ҶȻŵɫƹ߽ۣŰ壬üٷ硣
ҶȻĿĽҶͣƬ̣㲻ɫƿˡ
ĽҶţ˼һҸø̻߳裬ûҶȻġ
ҶԪҶȻ˼䣬޲ڣֶϻͤؽ˷ˣʹǷƿǾһ֪Ǹֻ֪ǰ佫νı
ԭҶԪʱڽι֪Ҳ˹ˮˣֻǺˣְա
ʶ˷ͶԵƱյ䣬Ҳеزˡ
ĽҶѰȥϺүɤӣνҪ¡
ҶԪЦݣɫ˼֡
ϺүҶѯʬѰˣǱɽǻɽ˺ġ
ԭҶԪϥһһŮСŮʮزˣҶѯǰ˽ʿŵҶѯپҵҵ֪ɽɽ˲ⱺû֮ǰǰֻ֪ȶȹڣ˹ٱǰȥΧˡ
һΧصİǰҵˣɽǻɽȴ͸ҶѯҶѯ󣬽ְ·ϰӴ˱˼ҶѯǻҲӰˡ
ҶԪղһֱ׷Ҷѯ䣬ڰǰҵǰɽһСආ֪Ҷѯɽͷֱɱйߣʬɽ
ʱǨɽͷڰɶбɱˣҶԪѰҶѯʬǣˣҲȴһ׮¡
գ꣬ҪοҶԪգȴ˰֣ȥˣϵˡ˵Ĳɣ
ϺүɫأڼǰҾӴ󷿶һӸܣһҪѰѯաѯҲΪˣ²ˡ
˻һ˵ɫԱ˱䣬ҶԪ޺ϺүΪ磬̸ӸëֻϺүӶˣҪ̿϶Ǵӱ
ϼ˽Բ˵ȿڣ󷿼Ӷˣ̲ʣǵõСӻС̹ȥãҲǲСʱ¡ЦݣȴЩţǴ󷿿ԳϮλʲôȱʲôҪѶͳȥ
Ƚɫѿ߬꣬벻ҡ
ЦЦѾʮˣÿˣá
׼µǣʱôȥ񡱣ȽЩŭɩȻݺʣǴɩļӲǸʣǴ󷿿ӡ
ϻڣҶɨһۣ̱죬ȽƼ״Ҳ˵һʱڳš
ҶԪղԸΪѣû£ͷһˣʲô𣬴Ҳ𡭡
ôСϺүɫϣ´ȥָҪôָָ㣬˵궼ˡ
ϺүһʹȥϴͶˣ̣϶㵱סӺɷ򣬲ؾдСڡ
Ҷ¶ԥ³˳䣬ɫҶ̾˿Ϻү˵ĵۿϱѾ̥ˣŮһүүѶӹ̳ȥʱҪŮֻܺ
ϺүҶز˵ʧתҶ϶ôģ
ҶƽȻҺͿѵһΣ綼˵ʲôͷҲͷĬ
ʱҶ̫̫ƿˣѯȥˣҪҲôֶӱ̣ȻϴҼһͣ˵Ҳʡ
ĽҶ̫̫һ٣Ȼ̫̫㲻ϲҶȻѾˣ̫̫Ű߳
ĽҶЩԣҶ̫̫Ϊ˶ԸҶȻĸӣʹ˲ֶΣ˵ҶȻĸ׾Ǳ
ĽҶϸȥĬĬ豭Ȳ衣
Ҷ⻰Ҷһۣڵĸ˵еһ˼ҹȷʵǴֶӱ̵ġ
Ҷ͵˵ǳ¼ү޺󣬱ǹСֶڽӴ
Ϻүɫһ䣬ҶȻˣɫƽǶԸ⣬ûʲô
ҶԪʲôԸģϲ⣬ֶģҵȻˣ˻ء
ĽҶ̧ȥҶȻֻ֮Уɫ·һж޹أҲûʲôֱ
ĽҶҶȻƽۣǲʱҶұϰˣϰҶ˴ȴδҶˡ 
ֻϺүɫЩ󷿶˽һɫϲɫ
Ϻү˼飬ȷҶȻԴ˲̾˿Щһֱ⣬ò׻غס˼죬Ҫ
ҶԪæڳլӣҲԽˣȻסɣÿ˹Һƾˡ
ҶԪô˵ϺүɫںЩ
úźĽҶ鸴ӵˮԺȥ·԰ʱҶȻںߵͤУͦΣɫһ˿į
ĽҶһ±ҶȥոĴʱȻܣô
ҶȻɥĸֻѹɣ˵ʮȥ˽ϴӾСһλãе಻
ĽҶҶȻıӰ˾ԸԭصԼһһҶȻȥ


 52 

ү, ĽҶҶȻת鵭, ¹£Ե䡣
ĽҶ죬֪˵ʲô, ŬһĸȥΰοԼġ
ߣĽҶ־ò, ҶȻ粻ǵǸһе, ȨֻҪ, Ī˵Ҷ̫̫, ҶһʩѹҲûá
ҶȻҲôҶû˼־úҶԪͶԵŴӦġô֮, ĽҶ泩ˣ
ǲǺү, 㶼ҵľ˾, һһֱ˵ġ
ҶȻü, ĿĽҶϣˣҶȻЦ˭Ҫˡ
ĽҶͷ, ҶȻҪľ˵ůɣ, ׵ˣүȹĽĽǵ, һֱ𾴸мүġ
ĽҶ˵֮⣬¼ȰοҶȻίʾ˶˵Ĺϵһʯ
ҶȻתתϵָ˼Σ߻ǿһˡ
ĽҶҶȻϾЩȻˣȣæοô᣿үô׷ֵܣү㹦պաĽҶӿڲţҶȻ컨׹ؿһ١
ҶȻֻСｿ촽źϺϣǵǣؿο
ҶȻ۵һ˿Ц⣬Сӻͦƭģһ仰Ϲˡ
ҶȻﶯ˶ͤӵĳϣȨΣҲˡ
ĽҶһ³ˣ˵ʲôˣүԸ⣬ͬүס
ҶȻ˱䣬ЦһôǵһᵽġԴߺҶ˾͵ûһ㣬ʶûһ䡱
ĽҶ۵ǣҲϣҶȻ֮һЩ룬רעؿҶȻ۾ֻҪ˵Ը
ҶȻ˼Ľһμ㣬Ҿǵ۾񡱡
ĽҶһŻȻʣֲҶȻôչˣԭڻĸѽ
ĽҶһ±˷ģҶȻ֮ǰ֮ôֵΪû׼Ƕ⣬˼ĸס
ҶȻǵ۾һ峺ɾˮһˣֵ¸ңҲڡ
ĽҶҶݣҲһ̾˿ʼοҶȻһûҶȻԽԽ
ĽҶһذοҶȻҶȻĿȴĽҶСɰ׾Ķϣϴһѣģ
ҧȥأ
ҶȻɫ˰Ũҡ
ĽҶҶȻͦģȻŷ⣬˶𾴾ⶼսƴģвͻںò׹ˣεӰֻֻܺŮ˵
ֱҶȻԽԽ˶ӰʱĽҶžԣҪƿҶȻΪʱ
ɵС͵˵ߣвԵĵ
ҶȻһĽҶӯһյϸһְСԴֱӸǽӣҵĴꡣ
ĽҶһһƬհףֻоҶȻغţֻǶһ˿Եζ
ҶȻ֮ǰδ׽ϣʦͨ
ҶȻСӣң紵ˮңж·СӣɶҶȻǿ֣Եء
ĽҶʼ˼£ǵҶȻ˵ͬݺҶȻһֽڻس˽ȥ
ҶȻƷСӣҵãֻˮ֭Լӡǡ
ĽҶԴκδĸܹһҶѩԶ֮װףһҶݵǴˣĽҶѾˡ
ҶȻǵǿƶң·˼䱦ڵֺһԸ
һķ紵ĽҶȻѹں԰ͤӣвˣ󷿶Ҳ
ĽҶʱˣ͵زҶȻһţץסѳ˼
ĽҶԼĴ̧꣬ۿȥʱҶȻﻹаįµŨҵͶĿ
ĽҶݺݵصҶȻһۣ߷ߵ㣬ôԡ
ҶȻ۽ǴЦؿƵԽ
ĽҶһҪҪҪҶȻûһ˿Σ޳˵ʲôԽ
ҶȻͦΣĽҶȥĽҶֻһ룬תɿˡ
СԶҶȻһЩ⣬ЦԽԽŨЩδȴʤȯգѾںˣôֻ֣СɵһΡ
ɫӰʧںҹУҶȻ䣬Сƽʱͦģһײɵˣϲʲô
ĽҶ߷ߵˮԺȥһ·ԽԽίҶȻôѽ
İοȻû
ҶȻôǿˣôΪҶ˵̬ȶȻˣҪԸҶң׾ٵ¡
ĽҶԽԽҶȻļƲߣϹȻɵϵˡ
ĽҶյˮԺſڣӭĽҶӣһôˣ
Ժ˽Կ˹ĽҶŷԼȣҶȻһ飬Ҵҽݡ
һͰڱôˣн֡
ʱؽӣղķԸͤ棬֪ӼҪ˵ͷûҿ
ûãͼĽҶ˳ҲûѰֱˮԺȥ׷һ·û׷ϡ
֪ѾߵĽҶŬƽҵ衱
ݱӵͣм䣬㶵ؿĽҶ촽ôˣǲǱҧˣ
ϸ˿Ĵ꽿ΣƽӺһƬ̺һӡǡ
ʣƳ˳䣬㲻˵ˡ
ĽҶ裬лԺô˿ˣôѽ
ĽҶ޺޵Ű״ɲ豭Ļ̫Ļˣ̫̫û˵ʮ̫ˡ
ƿĽҶɫ̽ʵźԡ
ĽҶƣصͷ¡
ˮĽҶϴĽҶѩϲֵĺۼ˿
֪Ů֮£ȴģغѾˡȥغʱغǻ̲ס
ÿλͺ͹ղŵɫһվһޡ
ղŹȥʱֻͤүùųˣ촽ϻ
һϸȥǿȨүҪ˭Ҳסѽ
ԡĽҶĴϣСӣշת࣬ԺзͤĻ档
һǲ룬ҶȻ϶еϢҪûҶȻ񣬸Ǻεǿƣ޲ý븹
뵽ĽҶ͵ǻˣΪʲôҶȻʱȻֱסˣ󻹲ܵˡ
ĽҶȭͷ´ΣҶȻóѣҪúϷŪһҲÿ
GΪʲô´Σ
ĽҶһˣҲҶȻˡ
ĽҶ¾ģҶȻ˵ʲôʲôˣһҪԶԶġ


 53 

, ĽҶԺϻ뽯Լýһͬȥ񣬱Լȥ˶֡
ĽҶ, һ۱㿴һɫ廨ȹḶ̌滹һ۵ĻΪ
Сˣ߸˵˹, ս㣬һ
ĽҶŻΪڽŲٶ, ɫ΢, ΢, Ҳˡ
סĽҶ, ûҪŵ, ߣȥǰĵӿ
˰ѶֵĵӶһ, ̻ûѰ, Щ̫ͨ, 䲻Ҹ硱
ΪڵãŸ¿һ, ˵вƷ
ҧһˣǾȥ, ҪûУΨʡ
˸յţһ, ̧ۿȥֻƥɫĿһװκĺľ˳ţ໹лƺƺƵ
̴յ·ĸүУ˴ġ
·ϲٰնͽһ棬һ߰Скһߴ֣һ߸˵صļͭ塣
һСһָͭ˳ȥСкϽȥͭһ··м䣬ͣˡ
Ск۶ͭ壬ûע⵽ڵĻҼ׻ͷĻҼ׻˳·Ϊһ˦ϼϸƤޣСкһҽУƤ
Ск̳˳ȥûͱ˦һޣǻҼ׻Ӳ˦ޣԭֵİնĴɢ磬ű;ۼũİգ֮£ˡ
ͷĻҼ׻ղûྲΪ·ֺģüƥ˾ 󵨵񣬾ҳײһ£лһ붯ϰա
ʷһ˲֮䣬ĽҶ߱ʸԶûд󰭣־վ·ߣ֮䣬ۿƤ޳ȥ
ĽҶͫ۾壬Щһ޴õϣֻЩƤ֮࣬ǲˣϣǾֱӻˡ
ĽҶûӦͼһɫӰ˹ȥס̣һޡ
ǻŭγ嵶ΪֻΪѽ̻󣬳̽ǻС
ʼʱǻЩƣƵûΪˡ˼ʮкǻ¶Ϊץסᣬʹʽɹǻ
ӣɱڣǻʱͣΪ֣·磬ʮˡ
ΪʹһɱУֱӽǻƵǻſŵڲϵĶ̽޸ղŵ档
ΪΣҴܳĶǣͰؼҪΪﶼǵ֮ء˵ջ˶̽һŽǻߵüԶ
ĽҶѾѽΪ˵ĻתȥΪƽʱһҺʵģԽ̸ӦܵǰԵ쳣ĸߴ͡
ĽҶ˽һۣΪͦģ¾Ͱǻˡ
ûлشĿڻΪӶƤıϣֽ߬
ǻΪƷĻΧ˹Ϊ¡
ʱľﴫһŮ䲻ȴϣճǰ
Щ˱Ԧص࣬·ղŵֻһС糣ȥ
·ĽҶʱķ紵ĽҶϡһŮӣ俴ݣӲӰҲܿòǡ
Ǳ
ĽҶ뵽⼸ĶʱɹãĿľ򵥡
ĽҶͽһŻΪȥҽݣڻΪǿһû˵ҪЩʱձˡ
Ϊ̺ĽҶ档
ͬĶ໰سĬЩӡ
ĽҶĥţΪ󣬶˿϶лҪ˵ЩʶȤˣѰ˸Ȼ˺
ĽҶڿӣһн˵ˮԺ
үŹȥ˶ţײĻ˴򶷣Ĺ˾˾ĳи
֪飬пүԹҲ̫ˡ
ĽҶĬĬ²豭
˿ŶСͦãÿոСӾιʳϸϣ΢ʵǵһСӷ·ˣһڰԵ
ĽҶϵûôɵ
ĽҶ°΢ȥүҹúõúܣҪģԺҪˮԺˡ
ֶ˶ĵӣҲҸү⻰лȥү˵գȻ£Ҿˡ
ԶĽҶԴȥҶȻ˵
ߣûôôɵһΣ 
գĽҶԺﱧͷ棬һǰϺүȥһˡ
ĽҶϺүѰʲô
˺󣬳˳ȥ̫̫ǶֻϣȽƻʱʱȥˡ
ϺүӲֺԺ£ص룬ѵǳʲô£
ĽҶ㷲ȥԺŬ˼ԼʲôϹص¡
ĽˡϺүףЦݣȰ˸衣
ĽҶȲ裬˿ϺүӦòѵġ
ϺүĽҶںĽĽҶһһˡ
˵òˣϺүĽҶүү˵ռ̫үǰҽģ
ĽҶʵүүǰʱǵУԲҩо˾Ǻ󣬻˼ҽݡ
ϺүͷϧѾȥˣȻҶҪһġ
ȥϳʥϴڳռҩҽ飬¼ľһҽҩȫ顱Ϻү˿ڲ裬ռ̫үͨҽ²涾Ҳֻشܰҽļ¼ó׸ʥϣ˵ʥմã⡶ľǱˣʱһҲܻݼգνǹһ
ĽҶ˼Ƭ̣΢Цүүһҽҽݿȥׯƶտ֪Լҽܴĺڲʹ˵ġ
ϺүĽҶûѱֱӴӦͣүүΪŮ˵ġ
ĽҶǳǳһЦұԺ˰͹
Ϻүڰ֣͸ң롶ľʥϽȻˣȥԺ¼ˡ
ĽҶһ˿ԤУֱ˸Ժȥɡ
ϺүЦŵүү飬ȥ¼ռҵүү֪Ҳ˵ġ
Ϻүһ¼Ľ㲻ǫѷǺΣҲŮĹġ
ĽҶᣬǫѷֻǵҶȻˣĽҶһ£ϺүŮӣôܡ
Ϻүɫ࣬ŮˣټСҪ֣Īڲ㲻ʶˣܳŮˣȥ¼ҽʲô
Ϻүѹ⡶ľʥϴ׸̫ʮٳĴ̫һϲ飬Ūī֪롶ľѰԱйҲ˳¼ʹġ
ĽҶϺү˵ˣһסıƴǾЩʶôˡ
ĽҶ˵ˮԺ󣬱үүҽ鶼˳ŷƵҳүүԾĴ֣ĽҶпүүҽ¼ľݼ°գҲүүһҽѪ
뵽ҪȥԺĽҶüϺүô֪үүҽ飬붼֪ĳЩĵѵġ
ĽҶһҽ飬Ŀһζҩϣ䣬һͷ                        
лҪ˵˵£һдˣٸĸģٷл֧֡

 54 

һ, ˺ԺһžͱԹܵߵڰ, Ļգȴ˵Ϊײǻ
ҶȻ, ʵΪ˵𣿡
ҡͷ, ͺˡϰ, ĨڣѾȥ, ϶Ҫָġ
б, ǻΪû潯ﵲһޣɾ;, һӣںսս, ھǶܱ, ̫үҪƴˡ
̾, ͲԸ񣬲Ȼץôʿ󣬻ǹס
ҶȻյ, վѹ, ȵɱζδܹ£ܰʹҡ׳Ƴ, ʧΪϲߡ
治ˣҶ֣ʲô˼ǲɣ׶񼫵Ͻ㶼ܻܣССʲô
ҶȻɫսձضܿ࣬ϽǳսӮˣܱ߳˿ڵ㣬˶δָΪһʱóȻսʵ²ߡ
գĬȥϽȻûɱУսʱʧ޼ҿɹĲ״ӡ̡
˿ڲ裬ת˻⣬أôüնûˡ
ϷʵЦ⣬ǹܾأЩȥԺģĶȥ
棬ļҹﰡȽԺãвŻòӶϡ
ü˵˵ʲôȻòףҵɾȥˡ
һĴȣѽԵġôЩƵֶΣ϶Ǵ˼ҵĹҲ̫ûˣ֮ǰûԹﶯģŻᱻôСŪڹ֮䡱
滹̽ǹ˭ҶȻһҪҪ족
״һˡ
ͷҶôˣƽôţôе˵˼
Ϊ⣬°ɣȥ֡˱һ˺Ժ
գĽҶϺүķԸȥ˺Ժụ̂ǸЦЩ
迴ĽҶʣ͵˷ȥݰˣȥա
ĽҶҶȻ鷿ү⼸йҪ죬Ըñ鷿ﳭ¼
ҶȻڣĽҶ˿߽鷿ֻ鷿Ǻϻʱһĸ֣ҶȻаֻ鷿һСĽҶ֮ǰ͸ҶȻҽ顣
үѾ˿ˣҪ¼ĲѾü¼ˡ
ĽҶͷīֽʼʣ泭¼
һգĽҶȥԺ¼ҽ飬ҶȻƺĺæһֱûϡ
ĽҶԴ˵ͦ˵ģϾ֮໹ͬ졣֪ĸǸƷС٣һҪμӿƾ١
ϧ׶徭һϲͨһӽϮΪûٰ
迴һˣȻȻرӴϰ·
곣ĽĽҶЦЦ㻹ͦ󵨵ģҼö๫ӸҲѧȥ徭ûͼ˵ֻججա
ͷЩԻȥѧġү汸ʫģЩйʿĹٶ޲ڡ
ĽҶаҶȻĺòòһЩĹһܻƨ
ĽҶҶȻȥͤݽ˷˵ļţĽҶýסЦ˳˵±Ȳ˵ĳ´ĵȤˡ
鷿űֱƿҶȻһƽۣӺݻ󣬼ĵɫ˳
ſڣһ۱㿴ҶȻæڣүҸ͵÷ͳȥ
ĽҶ֪ҶȻˣⲻͷкһʼ¼
ҶȻߵĽҶԣƼСʣţҶȻ䣬ˣ
ĽҶմһīֽ
ҶȻתתİָͲƢͦ󡱡
⻰ĽҶЩըëҶȻǵ£Ƣöãܵû¡ëʣɫ
ү֪СˣҪϹأΥ׵ˡ
ĽҶа㶼ǶʮˣͲҪţ۲ˡ
ҶȻЦһΥף
Һ㱾ûѪԵϵ̸ʲôףҶȻĽҶ峺ˮƵ˵ҵţҹͤѰң˵ô໰Ϊڡ
㣬㡭ĽҶŭĿҶȻ̫Ҫˣ˼⹴ˣ
ĽҶݺݵҶûа뷨㲻Ҫˡ
ҶȻ΢΢ͷﺬЦؿĽҶСӷƣϧӷ˻ӣֻЩҲ䲻ʨӡ
Ҹʱ롱ҶȻڱصãСﻹСʮ꣬
ĽҶٶԣ˹ȥҶˡʰ˱īֱ뿪
һ¡ҶȻ˷ᣬⳭĲϹ淶Ҫд
ĽҶˣĲϹ淶ˣһһֳģһûС
õ壬γ¼Ҫû𣿡
ĽҶȭͷҶȻǹģѾˣûǵʧҲٳһˡ
ҶȻû㣬ʧһᷣǲ¼Ϻү
ˡĽҶûᣬ𷣳ˣٳһ顱ҶȻȻӲҪͲ۳ˡ
ҶȻɫ΢ɲر˱䣬㵹ͦá
ĽҶţʼ³¼ҶȻһԣһصʼˡ
磬ĽҶڴǰϣһ㲻ȥԺΪҶȻˣ⼸նںԺ칫ˣΪżճ飬ʵʹִ̧ñӶۡ
ʱ˵ǽȥ
ĽҶ۾һ˯ͷһȥݷá˳˺ͺԺǱ˵һ˵ҽҪ£ûȥ¼ˡ
ŲãĽҶ͵Ժӣս㣬ôôˣ
ĽҶº˿ڲ裬ҹΪ£
̻˻֣Ѿ߶ȥĽҶߵ䣬ֻϰ˴ɫ˿񣬻иɫߡ
ĽҶ¶ȣûʲôȫǴɫֻпΪ׼ˣ̣㶨ˣ
ҧԥŵ˵ͷ
ĽҶתתҲ²£ǻΪɣһ˿糺죬ȤӢ۾Ĺʱѽ
˵ϣҲŲϲء
ΪǼһ̫޳ˣҸȥлҵһޡҼˣϵɴû𡱡
˵ⲻǹⲩȡͬɶǣҵﻹҺúÿǡԲĹĵġ
ĽҶЦЦһ˶软̣ͬ»ö˶׵ģ˵Ӧ
ҡҡͷûУҲû˵ӦŮɫ΢죬ǲزסĽӡ
ĽҶԱߣҸĸ϶ǿŮĲ֪£ŻӦΪ׵ġ


 55 

ĽҶ, ô찡Ҫȥ˵˵ȥ˵
G, ҪżסĽҶ䣬һϷ, ׹Լϵˡ
Ҳ֪ҵôġ̾˿뵽֮ǰ׵, ҹ, ھеҪְǰ̴, ȥ, Ҳ˵߱˵СˣͨѾҲûС
Ƿ, Ǹ˵ӣصЩˡ, ̺˿ڲ, Ҿ, Щ˵׵ý˵ٺΣһǲ˽ԷƷԡ
ǻΪҺСʶ, ֪֪׵ģȻһֱ, ϱ۸ҲЩ书ʶҲ
ĽҶЦ˳, Ϊһ㲻ɴףƺˡ
̱ű󣬡GϾҶȻеģòãٷ磬Ȩֱİռࡱ
ĽҶҡͷҶȻֱҶŮ˼ȻֻҪһƤңƭŮӡ
ҶȻ٣ٺҲ˰ɡźҡҡͷ
ĽҶ̣ҶȻǲ٣
̰ڰ֣˰ɣھûΪģôҡҶȻ̫߸ˣȫ󲻳ȢŮӡ
ĽҶŲ豭һ٣Ҳ벻
ĽҶƳм飬Ļ𣿺ÿ𣿡˶ӣʳſ
̻æҪȥǶá
ĽҶüһǰ˼ӸûϸҲ³˽ڲʲô¾ǲһ֪Ķˡϣ»֮ҹΪԡ
ս㣬㣬ôЩգ㲻ҪȤˡ
ĽҶЦЦˣˡҾûΪͦõģ㵲һޣܱЩֻ˵ĹӸǿ
룬һ˿ս㣬㻹ûףӸ㿴ʣкüӣƽ￴ô̼ˣøơ
ĽҶ㶣˵òЩרдĻӰɡ
̴¹񣬴һóϣַóӡ
ĽҶӹӷ˷ֻһŮӱӰϣ½¶΢ţʹ
ĽҶ廭һƽ￴ĻӲǲӼ˵۰飬һƼ¶ǵĲ廭
̰ӻУĽҶá
֮ǰҽҵģҾҪˣȥҿ϶ʣڼֵʰʱ֣ս뿴ãȥɡ̴󷽵ذѰ˹ȥ
ĽҶ˵뿴뿪ھܾͼ̴յߣص˵仰
˵󣬽ԭλ۾ģս㣬һȥɡ
ĽҶֻԼˣ˵ƽǱߣ̵ͷĽҶУг֪ˣҾͲֻˡ
ĽҶ䣬Ͱ͵ҾҪˣȥ˻ҿ϶ôˣȥһ˰ɡ
ĽҶҡͷɥǵҼ޹ȥȥˣҲһʱ
ĽҶüô£Ϊ֪ˣ϶᲻˵ġ
սȥÿңұֻ֤ȥմ֣ʶ
ĽҶüУֵطӣȫ
ҸѾҰ书Ѿ߱ңµġ
ĽҶ½ͤȻ֪֡
ڽһղô£ĽҶѵص˵ͷŽͤ˸ˣӦ̫ɡ
ȸԾ˵ˣպڳϼ
˵ˮԺ󣬽ĽҶԺѰ˸ֽѲȥԺֱϺүǱ߲ʳ¼ôˣŲԸسš
͸֦ܵҶϣҶȻվĽҶ󣬿˿ϵ֣⡮ءֵıʷ治ԣôʵġ
ĽҶԱȻҵдòãǾѰ˳¼ɣôıʿ϶дһֺ֡
ҶȻһЦСǱСˣ
ʱһС˶˽үǳͱﱸµӣҺ֭ͤ
ҶȻӣҷ£֭ͤﻻ÷̶֭
С˵ͷǣҪ£ĽҶסȵȣ֭ͤ¡
ĽҶҶȻİоܾˣͺȸ֭ҲҪܡ
СΪѵؿҶȻҶȻεЦЦ°ɡ
ĽҶʾƵȼ֭𣬻һû㴼
ҶȻٺȵ㣬绹Ҫء
ĽҶֺһҺȵ֭ôˣ鳭飬Ҫʹ糭ˡ
һĽҶԴЩκҡҡѾ˵ĺʵ֭ͤʲôѽ
ҶȻ䣬ЦܣϽеľƣͤġϽʱͳ֭ͤů֭ʵһľƻЩ
صǺÿ궼˴Ͻͼ̳ǿȹ˾ƣ㳣֭ͤƷȣ˲֪ŵֻΪϡƷʽղ͵ĽҶ
ҶȻĽҶȣִ⣬Ҳûʲôһȥ
ĽҶơ־;òɣ૵ǹ֭ôǾˣ϶ƭҡ
ĽҶ⣬Ⱦһ˿죬һޡ
ҶȻüۺЦ̲סۺӣ㻹ǸСƹ
㣬ҡĽҶһֱ֣ҶȻһѪۡ
ҶȻûϵĽҶ֣˺ۣɫ˱䣬ĿĽҶ̺ĵޢϣָʲô
ĽҶЩκһҶȻһ˿˷ܣƾӰԺ󻹸Ҳ۸ҡ
ĽҶеŲ׻˵һǵһǣҶȻôƿˣȻҪ취ˡ
ƾֻҩûжԣҶȻ˿úõģʲô
ĽҶԴҲŲأԹˣֻҪһµҩ͹˯һʱˡ˵ĽҶҶȻGôûιȥ
ҶȻһӣȥַסͷЩʹܻ࣬Ҫһ
ĽҶٺһЦڿһѩǰܣúñҶȻˡ
ҶȻʵʲôһ˯һʱ
ôܣ϶ҶȻ۸Ҫ۸ȥˡ
ҶȻʱô۸ģͤĻ棬ĽҶҡҡͷ϶УҶȻռˡ
ͷĽҶԴԽԽΣǲԼʱô߻ˡ
ĽҶ鷿ܣڽĻԿһȻĽӡ
ĽҶʱ˹ȥ˳˻ǲ廭պ«ưҶȻϡ
ҶȻĽҶʱһżڰԼʧЦһ˿ζĽϲô棿
ĽҶʱ϶ҶȻ֮ЩҶȻ˵ֻ÷ݺݵȿһ𣬲ȻӲסˡ
ҶȻϵز޳˫ȣĽҶһ֣ǰ
ҶȻ޲ӦȫˣĽҶ⼫ˣҶȻһƯĺᡣ
ƽݵһƷ󽫾ڱ϶ãĽҶü䣬ϲ


 56 

ĽҶɫҺ, ⣬ѶҶȻĲһԵ˳֪֪ж, һμ棬ҽвңȻҵĲ¥
ɽ, Ҳֹ֣һƲҵӡ˺ͱҸҩ, Һòҵ, ǵûһллƾǸм仰, ͻϸ
ҶȻɫ, ЩΡ
ĽҶԽ˵ԽҪݺݵҶȻһ, СȭͷҶȻ, ۵û׼
ĽҶŬ, տĻ, ۸Ůӵġ
ĽҶתתʼ鷿Ĵңһҵһ, ȫҶȻѶʱõ̾ߡ
ĽҶôߵԼǰҶȻЩͷ, Ľ𶯵Լ
˭Ҫõˡ, ĽҶŽһƤޣ˦˦
ҶȻɫʼЩ΢΢ƣĽʲô˺˵ʲô
ĽҶߡһûֱһӳ鵽ҶȻϣβɨҶȻһһۡ
ĽҶɢ˲٣Щ˷ܣԣǻӾô۸Ůӵġ
ĽҶֳ˼ޣȫҶȻϣĽҶֻôñʹ
ҶȻЦ⡣ǱӿſɲµĺۼأĽҶСֲ֪ӵɱ󣬹ʴڳҶȻϣֻǱСèצӣûҶȻƽľ׮ʽʹ
ҶȻĽҶ²һһ޳ᶯ˶Сϲô棬ȻҪ㵽ˡ
ĽҶҶȻʲô˵־˱ӣղź˲֭ͤԴκģŲЩȣӻûȥͳǰһᣬ㵹ڵϡ
ҶȻۼֿؽסСɵ۾ֵһ˿磬ôôСģˤô족
ĽҶֱӴҶȻֹ֣ص㣬׼ռұˡ
ҶȻεػ˻αס˫֣Ҹˡƣռұˡ
ĽҶͷŷָղһֱӵҶȻϣˮ鶯۾˶ɴֱӿҶȻϣ̧°͵ռľıˣôݹٷŻ𣬲Ұյƣ
ĽҶݺݵоͷеĶԣסһòŮӰٰϷŪ
ҶȻɫĽҶһԵζЦһ˿ƻ󣬡ĽʲôҶ֮¡
ĽҶüͷҶȻ˿̵ĴݲȣѾס˶ãΪʲôҶȻ˵ţ·׽ŪĲ
ĽҶ˫סӣԴҶȻȻҪ̳뷲䣬ܾĥ߽ࡣ
ĽҶ˦˦ƤޣſҶȻϵƣһ޺ݺݵ˦ҶȻǰȴû֮е졣
ĽҶ֣ȥҶȻƯִӲһ·ƵҶȻݵС󻹰˰ֵôӲģ
ҶȻ۵ŬƵԼİСôϣʱضһȥ棬һûвΣյϢ
ҶȻƫͷŲȥĽҶҳ䣬ϱӲЩ
ĽҶҶȻ˿̲ҿɫЩǺ죬˷ܣ˰ɣԺ󻹸Ҳ۸ˣ
ҶȻԼϵСӣСΪƷˣһ͵Цģ鶯ɰ
ҶȻѵôһ˿ԹԵģҪʲôҶ˳㣬ԣȻҪúùܽ㡱
ĽҶմŭƤָҶȻ㶼廨ˣ˵ֻǣǲ֪ǳƤҶȻü¡
ĽҶòűӲҶȻϣճһȦһȦĺۼ
ҶȻζƤޣѾպӣʱСֻġ
ĽҶҫˣҶȻȥܵǰӣҿʼԡ
ҶȻĿ׷ĽҶֻСЩˣ̺촽źϺϣһԲӣңҧӣʱ֭ˮմ˴ߣֱһҧȥζ
ĽҶҶȻĿ⣬ӣңߵҶȻǰ𣿡
ӣң㡣
ҶȻŨҵ
ĽҶҶȻЩҶȻϣü㺰һ㣬Ҿ͸ԡ
ҶȻ̧ۿѹ֣ĽȥĪˡ
ߣҾͲĽҶߺҶȻ϶˶ҵһλú󣬼ӣңʱʱػλԴ
ҶȻ޲̰Сﰴڵ̻ˣҲҲ֪ߵغòҶȻһֻÿѹƲסͷޡ
GĽҶֵصͷôҲӲˣոͦģںˡ˵ŻԱߵƤ޴˴
ҶȻ˶ɵؽ⿪ҪʰıӵСӣԺﴫʲôʱҲҪˡ
ӣү£Եһ£ȥʡ
Ҷ⣿
ĽҶʱ˲٣˿СƤޣֿ˿ϵҶȻ¶ţôͣ
ҶȻڱ廨ϣԭոµɫ϶ʮѿڣϡԿҶȻֱǺۡ
ĽҶǱҶݿˣǲزסµԸ͵ں˿ˣʱô̫̫Ϻүѽôֻ飬ͱڵĳ档
鷿С˱ϹϾʵүԺҪ𣿡
ҶȻض˶ӣȻĽҶҪȻȥ
ҶȻȻȻȥĽҶĬĬСƤޣҶȻ͵͵ȥǴߣײҶݵġ
ҶȻ°ͣߴȥһֱߣǱиš
Сһţظ˸ղŵĻĽҶ˲ģϽȥǴһͷȥˡ
ĽҶ´󣬱ȹȥм˺üӦ㵽Ӻûб֡
ĽҶĵҵ˺ԺĺţŴϣһĽҶȥʱһϵǺˣΪγ
ĽҶһڣǧ㣬Ǳˣɥػͷ˳嵶ϣһࡣ
迴ĽҶ۶ʱԲԲģղԶԶҲΪĽҶ뵽ĽҶԺȫԴ󷽷ǰţΪǸĸصѾܽˡ
ΪҪߺţ
ܵ迴ĽҶؿŵ棬ΪʲôֺҶȻ͵鱻ֵܸ߳ѽ
ȥ䣬˵Ǳ߷羰ĽҶڳһɡ
ͷɺԺǺԺǽˣֻһС·ͨǰ桱
ĽҶ֪Ūȥˣ˳һе£òӺųȥ԰ұ𣿡
ĽҶˣ˵ͷ
ĽҶһһ̴Ӻųȥˡ
迴ԶȥıӰЩ̣ܣɡ

 57 

һҶƿ鷿, Թ壬Ժ˿鷳, ΪڻأǲҪͨһ, ǻҪҵȡ
ҶȻһɫۣɾһڿ, ֻǰҷԸ, ҸղĪ˽, ҶȻʵ, ôˣҪڱԺ𣿡
Ҷ˸а¾, ҵһҶźȻһ, ͷһ, Ϻüë, ɻ󣬡壬Ӻúõ, ôỵˣ
ҶȻɫƽָָԱߵ, Ҷݻ˸λú󣬱Թҵ˵ʲôξͿҹҫ, ̫ˣҵˮƽܰˣʲôС
ҶȻɫôôʵڲü
ôаôȴֻС٣ĽʱôҰҶҡҡͷ¶һҪС
G壬ôˣҶĴ俴ĺü붼ˣûйϡҪ֪ҶȻ࣬鷿һֱһȾôôңòǽ˰ɣ˵Żȥ
ҶȻ£ݲȵ˹ȥʰãֻСҰèһ󡱡
ҰèҶȻ¶ɫҲ뿪£ҰèˣȻҾȥó¹ºúһ԰ӣҰèʲôĶϳȥ
ҶȻ˵ŷҶȻϻмۣҰèô㶼˵ˣ
ҶȻЦЦζȷʵצͦġ
Ҷݵ棬һŹ¶ȥҰèһˡ
ˣ壬ҲڵǰȥĽҶȻϻرĽҶˣǸӣĽҶԽܾԽ׷
ҶȻûУҲЩ˵óѡ
ҶмҲ̫г緶ˣЩ¶ǵˣл壬³һȾơ
ĽҶ˵ˮԺ󣬳һ־ͷЩۣһͷĴ齣˯˹ȥ
ǰգĽҶƷ˼٣Ʊȥˣհ˵ˮԺŽգЩ֣񣬹أ
һ˽һ磬ҵһεˣϽһ˵˳ﲻ֪ôˣȥԺǰúõģʱ糺죬·ײײŻЩͬ˵ҲңһӾ˯ȥˡ
ɫ֣뵽ϻͤҶȻĽҶ£а˯˶ˣڻû𣿡
ҡͷѾһʱȥˣҲҽȥ˹
ƳסȥôԺѾһͨǰͱսɽ˵ȥָÿ˶˵֪ú̺ĽҶôٲǵġ
Ʊһ䣬ֻĽҶպˣűӣ˯
ƲͷۣģȻǺ˾ơξƲմǹǾһȵĹƶϲôȵôѵүˣ
ƺһۣ磬һҹ
ڶʱĽҶ˹۾û׷ʲô
ƺǳһˣյѾ˯߰˸ʱˡ
ĽҶһãȻô᣿
زסӺԺʱվЩվȣǲү˵˵űƳһ䣬Ͻס졣
ĻĽҶڡһºˣϡԼոʲô¡
òȥԺ飬ҶȻ۸׼ҩϣȻҶȻ־ܣֿûУĦȭƣ־۸һͨ
ھô۸ģĽҶԺиǸƤޣһȣϸȥ
ĽҶ̧ۣѾ࣬϶ǵһҹû˯ö˸ϽȥϢīź
źĽҶԴЩԼΰҶȻСƤ޶ҫϴơ
ĽҶıڲѣƺΪʲôôѽֻǼƻʹҶȻһ٣ԺҪٽӽˣôͱǰ㡣
ҶȻôѽ᲻죬֪ܡĽҶ̾˿ͲÿӡҺؼͣˣȻûƺҶȻһ
ĽҶȺְգűŴ죬ԼǺҶȻСʲ֭ͤġ
ߣҶȻȻûģ׼ĳʳﶼè塣
òƵʱִҪȣҶȻ
ĽҶԽԽң֪պҶȻ
ʱԺѾ߽ԺǱˡ
ĽҶѵط±ҶȻʰˣ̵ߵ䡣
ĽҶһЦүҸЩ
²¥ĵЩүȥѰҽ飬ѵһļƷЩǡ
ĽҶĿɿڴҶȻǵûͶ
ˣүҴ仰Ǯҽ벡˷ִʧˣѱؽˡ
ĽҶĥ˺һǮо֮ǰ˵ҩԣϸͷ
ĽҶһӶ׹ˣҶȻһϯˣ
迴ĽҶüۣ΢΢ȣ͵ˣˡ
ĽҶͷлһˡ
ĽҶЦĺؾ©һģͷҴҳ˵ˮԺ
ҰѶʵ
ĽҶͷһҽ飬ҶȻƢˡϴֻ˻һ鷤ʹ
˴󵨵Ūȴһ㲻Ϊ֮ǰо
ĽҶЩ뿴ҶȻոдʲô϶˻ַ绨ѩµʫɡ
ĽҶӣȥСϻӣõȴַ䵹˰ԿףڳѰˡ
õԿˣĽҶԥˣʲôֶҶȻ⡣
ԥ䣬ӽǰͬԼ˽ճţҵѾˡ
ĽҶϻ˳ַŽĳһźɫ֦÷ȹš
ҵͣڳд⣬Ϊ󣬼ĽҶͷ⡣
̲кս
ĽҶ죬ȥƺ¥Ϊʲô
һ߷ߣ֪Ĵģһž͸ˣ˦˦
ĽҶȤ֪Ҫȥƺ¥϶סˡ
Ҷͬ˵ˣֻȥƣʲôҲľԴȴһȥҪšԽ˵Խˣҽ˵û˾ǻһ׾ͱˣ֮ǰҰ˳ġ
ĽҶ̲סЦ˳Ϊ֪˽Ҫȥƺ¥޶ԣľԴˡ
ԭǰЩȥ¼Ҳμͻᣬ๫๫ǵʥһĸͬãԸΪ˴ѡ
ЩŮ˵๫˹ϰٸҹҹȡֻ֣๫ʱ̺ܽ
Щ˵˵ᵽ˾ùݣɫмˣӦоСŮȥв
أ֪ȵأһֱȥγҲһδĹȥֵطġ
̱Щ˿дƺ¥Ѱľ¥Ҳ⣬ȴƤĹɫ˲꣬Ŀڰȡ档˸ˣӱֱӴꡣ˴˵๫ƺ¥˺üòϼѵӡ
ܿ㵽ƽ֣ͣƺ¥ǰһ̧ͷƺ¥¥ǽߣװκַǷ
Ϊߵߣɫ࣬Ҫȥ
̲ݵصһֱۣƺ¥Ϊ̸ȥ嵶ıӰ쳣͡
ĽҶЦЦһҲȤһϷˡ

 58 

˽˰, Сʳλ͹ҪʲôǾ¥ĻӣӸһ, ϳƴҲƲˡ
̻ӻ֣ѾǰͬС˵䡣
СЦ, ԭǽ֮ǰľƲѽϣ͸ϲˡ, ȴֹסĺɡ
ƺ¥ṩСҲʲô, ﲻ˶֪ĿҪôŮͶһȡȡ֣ҪôӺ, ͼʡ
ûӸ͹һ, Ѳʲôµ淨ˣ
Сʹƺ¥ź򣬼ʶ, Ҳ²˵ĿģʶҪȥźСĵ, 漸˿ɲѰ, Сź, 򲻿ǡ
С£һһŹݽ˰, ͷüһһ
, ̧ͷơֻСĿȥֻʮ꣬ü, Ƥ׾е濡˼
˿ȥûã̶ſЩ˼ӲӸ䶼Ⱦһۺ졣
Цǽʲô֣
Сĸ뿪ڻش𣬾͸ܵԱһ׹ֱֱ˹ΪڽԱߣžذ嵶ϣɫؿСģ޲õһ١
СĶһۣǵӣ֪Ǻá
̰˻Ϊһۣ˻֣ˣֱӳɡ
СĽһһںùݣһһ鶯к
ƽﳣͬСõģᣬˮ࣬һ
ǸϲʵģҲûԵ˼ֻǾȤŲߵСǰ
ٵСļ״ͣǾҵòã뻻һ
㣿ֿ˻û׼һСء
СպĪȡЦϦˡ
Ϧͦġ̵ͷȥ٣Ҳÿ޳׾ֲٵôá
Ϧƺ¥ûãѧҲѧˣߴؿ򽯷̣֣ϲϦַ̽㡱
䣬Ϧ־ͱһʯӴУһƬǵһ
Ϊŭݵ˹ȥپ͵٣ٸģү⽴
Ϧɪԣţ֪롣
Щˣúõģʲô˵ˣûӦ
ΪһôСˣǸҴӦҾȥǽҵķ
ΪԽΨǴӣѵõķƢýЩ𣬵ֵĸǰ˻֣ˣǼɡ
ĽҶڴ߳Ӹֻöһԡ棬࣬龫ֵģ֮ǰĽҶûΪЩѹסڿΪԭϻǺǵġ
ɱӣ֪Լ׵ĹҪȥСĳҪôֱǹﲻȥҪôɴ϶ǹƷԲֱ˻顣
ΪȴֻǸƺ¥һһⶢẒֱ̌㶵ģЩɰ
ĽҶ˼Щ̣ڣЩ˵Ѱ˸ڳ˰䡣
չţĽҶһϤ
չԾƣ˻⣬ͬҶҳһģҽȥ񡱣ĽҶܾ˻˺һżĽҶ̲סͬ࿴ۡ
ĽҶŰѣЩ飬Ǳ˻֪ƺ¥СģȥҪҪˣ۾Դͬһһġ
˻ȣЦЦΪһϲȥأƺ¥ĲʽζأǿɳԵùߣ
ʱﴫͬΪ˻üͷ΢壬Щɻ
ĽҶͷۣǻΪӮˣСĿ϶ᱻϳʱֻǴ磬˻ܲ³һˡ
ĽҶŬЦ˳ǺýõĸҲڣֵġĽҶתתˣιӿ֪ƺ¥ʲôƺãһ̳ԡ
ǹҺȵľƵĻӺ𲻴Ҳˬ˻˵һ룬ǰ㴫һ죬ƹݱѵ˻̧ۿȥ
ű㴫СʰĽŲĽҶĽæιȥһ¥һ𿴿ҲƣҲıı
˻֮ãõĽҶһ¥˸ߣСľŶǺ£սսػ¥ϡ
˻ĽҶѡþƺ󣬱˰䡣ںȾƣ˻ڻˣԹô£СӸҪôã
˻ԺлĽҶһһЦ겻ǰѹû˵ʻ
˶һۣյ˻Աߣֿ֣ļҹˣ
˻룬ԥŵϻؾܾҵǹղˡ
G㶼˵ܾˣǻʲôĵģҪôá
˻Ϊ飬Ҳ֪Ϊλĸƺãȥѡơ
˻ļһսӣͲ˰ɣܹݣõ
˻ҡҡͷôܣϻܾʱ̬ȼûһء
¶˵ı飬㣬ǲ˽ȥѰǹݵ鷤û˵Ҫס
˻˵ͷ⣬á
ϣȱ˵ˣ㣬ǹǲǼͲ١αϣ˶ȡ
˻ٴεͷĪ˵ĽҶ˫׾㲻ˣ־ͻţռҵŵڱμҲԶˡ
ǲ͵ˡ¶Ȼ飬ǹֲȥʽףֻΪ檡
˻󾪣ôܣİĽοļҲȥ檡
һֵ̬˻򣬡㼱ʲôⲻ˵𡱡
ǹ϶⣬ֲ檣Ⱦܾ㣬׹˼˭֪СӲϣûȥѰǹˡⲻЩסˣż㣬ٹһ㡱
˻ĽҶΣҾòֻ̫ʾƣʲôҲûͬġ
ɸֵҡҡͷڵĹĻأǺģԵˣôֵļӡ
˻Щҡѵˣû˼ͶģѰ˸ڻθ
˻ߺƿĴȥɿСͬһ˵˵˵ţǹӺɰͳԪ˹ȥ
ҡҡͷ£δĹҶƺ¥Сˡ
չһۣӾöˣǲ˻Ĺ𣿡
̷˾Ʊϸ⿴ȥֻǹ︶Ӻ󣬾˶¥ֻϡƼ毺õĲһ˵ﾹô񡱡
滹ֱ㶵ؿСģϽһѣʲôϽȥ׷֡
˻ظ󣬾ֱȥĸԺӣͬĸ˵ЩҳºίʵĸףҶˣ
˻ôһᣬĸ˵ʱҶ̫̫ıڣĸǸȵߣ뵽ͨĽҶҶȻȻͰѵʱĲˡ
Ҷ̫̫Ů˵ռǹﳤǳڣŻǸ浾֪µģ˵Ҷ̫̫ڸ࿴أұһ㡱
˻һͣչʲôӦ
ĸһ۱㿴˶ӵ˼Ц˻չﵹû˵ҿǷӦѽ׼Ƕ⡱
˻дϲĸ׶ô˵⣬ȻĸҲչ⣬ȥ븸ȥҶ
G㼱ʲôĸ뵽Ҷ̫̫̬ȣֱ֪ױܾĽҶ֡
˵Ҷ̫̫ŮҲҪչԵͷ˲Ӧʣ㲻Ҷү𣿲ȥչ뷨û²ɣҷ϶
˻һȥҶû׼ĽҶʱͬдȥ


 59 

Ժ
̷糾ʹӳݸ˻, 鷿ҶȻ㱨Ľ
һյ蹦̱鷿Ƽڳȼǻ, ֣㲻ݼʲô
ɫ΢죬Щ, ү棿ڿɵÿգ
̵ͷʵʲô°ô͸ƵŤŤ󡱡
ֻǴȤ, ֪ɫ˲Ǻ, ҴŽ鷿
ҶȻëʣ̧ۿһĳ衣̺ͳε, Ͻ׷, ˼磬ܴĦ, ȻЩʤĹ
һžͰ֮ǰŬ˼Ĵȫ, ޴ǰ, Ҳ֪οڡ
ҶȻѯʵĿ, һֱӵЩ쳣, òڣ²ż汸Ҷ̫̫Щ࿴, ¡˵˵ţͽûġ
ҶȻ, ׵ϣ
˿ûвҶȻı仯һ¶ԱһģȢ
ǺڴؿҶȻ
֮ǰ輴ĽҶģҲҸʡ
ճһӺȾƣĵǮһƷСٵĶӣذоͷ˻죬ϷŮΪ֡
֮ǰǮйڣ˻֣ǮµЦ˳衣
ԭǰЩӣǮҶ̫̫Ů࿴ԷŵڶߣֻƷж
Ǯ㶯˼һװģģԼҶˡ
Ҷ̫̫ʲôˣֻǮ˵䣬֪Ǵʲô⣬ʹӦ˼䣬ȥˡ
ǮܸģĴɢҥԣ˵ĽҶǳΣҶҲҪô˼࿴
һĻסŵȥǮ޵Ļ¥ͷ˼ֻڵġ
ѵǮˣ軹Ǿƣһϲģ˭֪᲻һˣĽҶޣװһƭ顣
ôһͨҲ˼ߥȥҶס
һԼ޿ĽҶһͨЩҡˡ
踸ֻƷĹ٣ҲϴļĶҾʵҶȻһƷ󽫾ǰﲻٹԱҪͽǰһƬ
ҪǳʶĽҶĽֿ֮СֻΪǮȥġ
շתһҹ뵽Ǯֻ˶Ҷף̹Ϊֱкβҵģһҧ˺ԺҶȻȢ֮¡
곣һϯҶȻŲ豭ָڷף뵽ǼգĽҶ̸ͬ˵Цӿһꡣ
ҶȻֻаһó⣬˶ҵǣһ־ĽҶԣ˭ЦӯӯģЩܲ
ҶȻһֱû˵ЩĻţүģһһһԱõģúչһί
ҶȻ˫ϸһ˿̵ЦкУη塣
ҶȻм˵ֱһ䡰ȥ־ְˡ
ү軹׷ʣҶȻѹȵֶ˶ʧǵس鷿
ƼģЩɻ󣬡úõģôˣ
ɥҶԱ⣬үᣬ֪үûңֱӰҸϳˣҪȥ־ְ
գ𾪣ֱ˳һǣϣûǴ
ɻЩίôˣǮСӶףôͲˡ
һɸ֣ѳƫƧ˴ɵģһûү˼
辪ȵ̧ͷҶȻĽҶʱǴЦѵõᣬ⣬ôᣬΪүֻǹ
̾˿ˣ֪ˡүǸģȥ־úøɣгͷ֮ա
ʧ䣬Ĭ죬̾˿ĽҶүϵˣĻаϣ
ĺѵļ磬ˣԺ󿴵Ƶ߰ɡȥ־ԺҲûˡ
ʹԴŲŲӳȥҴҸ˻
ϻĽҶܾ˻һûдˣźһȾ鰸ѵõңᣬ齻ţԼеķҡ
ҶȻëʣֽƤû̧һ£ʲô
˻ЩҶȻ̬ȣԥ˰죬֪Ƿÿڡ
ǱԵ£˰죬˻ڿڵ֮ǰԺչЩôûƼˡ
ҶȻëʣɫ֪Сôϲһһ
˻ҶȻӲ磬ºһЦҶЦϻضչ鷤붼ûֱӾܾҡ
ҶȻ壬ЦС۹ߣȻǿ˵ġ
˻Цŵھ¥չҲǵĳʱұϲչ
ҶȻһͣ˲ã֮ǰʶ
˻֪ҶȻĽҶŮĻȻˣҪҶȻǰļ
֮ǰڶֵͬչԡۡһ֮硣ƽҲȥӹ䣬ͬչµᡣÿͬչ춼ܾ˶飬ֻ޲ܳ
˻ϲػĽҶʱĳҶȻЩͣϣĽҶһֱ˻ţ鷿˻˵ʱϵЦ⣬ɫ˰Σա
˻˿ڲ裬ƺ¥ʱչͬҴ˻ҪȥѡơҲ룬չ֮ǰΪ˽µ̫³çžңʽҶ̽̽ڷ硱
ҶȻճȭȥˮԺγжԭⲻ˻أ뵽ĽҶֱܣɫ֡
ٿ˻ƺҶȻ俪ڣ÷ˣ⡱
˻һʧЩģҶô֪ģѵͬ˵ˣ
ҶȻתתϵİָûͬ˵⡱
˻һҶȻ˵Ļɫһ֪ͣǺá
ҶȻΪԺֻ𣿡
˻Щɻ󣬲̫ȷҶȻ֮⣬˵
ĽѾãͨ޿ܶ⡱
˻ֻ׺䶥һţҶ֣㡭ôܡչŮ
ҶȻǹ˹۵ȴЦ⣬Ī˵Ѿ̵ҶˣһľΣǱѪԵϵҪȻҵġ
˻δ˷ŭ㲻ǽųݽӽƭպ壬ʮ꣬ȻֱܷûˣŻᱻƭȥ
ȥμң֪˻˳дҴҸ
˺Ժ󣬸ߵ鷿⣬һ죬˻ҶȻһߵϣֱѪ
֪ʲô㵣˻СҶ֣Ҷֵܣлú˵ô˵ȴûףҪ֪ҶȻȻճȺײ֣˻϶ǶۣǵҶȻŭ
ҶȻɫ˻һˣһ䣬ģͱˡ㾶ֱ뿪ˡ
һ˻ô£˵ǹôǵҶַô𡱡
Ҳ˻ȻҶƽǳֵܵģڱϾһƷ󽫾粻ǵǸˣ˵Ҫ࿼ǿǡ
˻ҶȻȥıӰɫ࣬аһҪĽҶҶȻۺûаģĽҶƭˡ
ҶȻŭ̧űȥ˵ˮԺȴûץˡ
̫̫Ǳ˼ݣϾںһţȥ̫̫Ժˡ˵ֲסض˶ĵҶȻʵ̫ˣֲùЩܶ


 60 

˿֪ΣձƽĽҶ̫̫Ժͬ˵Ц
ȱͬ˵λƵ, ǰţһ˲֪Ҵشˣ֪, ҺϸЩҹ
Ҷ̫̫ӣ촽棬Ŀﲨ, ɫ紺һŮӻЩ
Ҷһ⻰ڴЦ, һͺĨƵ, ƽûô໰
ɫ΢죬Ұ, Ҷ˵ʲô, ҲûãŶ˵䡱
ĽҶ̿, ôͺãҺҶǲ󡱡
ô, ÿžͱС, 㱨, һϼƣĽҶ¡
ĽҶһЦⶺ, ԺҿҪ㣬ʧ
廹ǲ, ͷûѡ㡱ڡ
ʱǰѾ׼, һȥš
ĽҶͬһ˵ЦһȥǰϵˣЦݲһ͡
ҶȻһɫƳףͬϺү˵ĽҶһͬĿֱֱĽҶϣһ˿á
ĽҶŵض㿪ߣϻ۸ҶȻûȥԺˣһֱڶҶȻ⧲ˣЩ飬ĵҶȻμҶҵ磬ѵصץģ
ĽҶһҶ̫̫ԣĸղ˵ʫᡣ
ҶȻͬϺү˵ϵ£ƳĽҶܽ˼ˣﻹ˵ʲôõģǵĽҶһЦ
ĶĶϺүҶȻŻعģľˣѾݳȥˡ
Ϻү״ɨĽҶһۣЦǺǵҵȻ֪ʵ̫ʹ͡
Ϻү˵գɨϵˣ˶ˣɤӵĽЩȥԺ¼ҽˣ̫ľã֪ҽĺ˲ˣصظĽ⡱
Ϻү˻֣ܼұһװξ̷̴ľӽĽҶлϺү
ϺүЦǺǣлʲô̫Ⱥö϶ľһ족
ĽҶü۵ʹ˼ӣǴκûȥԺˣ϶ҶȻ˳¼ˣȥġ
ĽҶҪлҶȻϵĵڹ̵£Ľú塱
壿
ĽҶ̾˿Լ֮ǰΪˣҿҶȻ۾ҴҵĽл塱
ҶȻһ˫Ư۾΢΢۵ȴûһ˿Ц⣬ͬ׺ôˡ
ĽҶֻƤһ޹ҶȻʲôҪ˵ʲô׺񰡣±˲
Ϻүû⣬˵̫ʹ͸ĽҶѾ̬ˣŷԸܼϲˡ
ѾζڡзϺ촡ʯȲȣȣｻò֡
ĽҶ⣬һʼͷԷûģһСĳԵԭۺĴȾһƬ̺졣
״æѾ裬ĽҶ˼ָĽҶһ֦
廹ĽҶ֦ĽҶæ֣Լ˼ԡ
ĽҶҶȻⳡ棬ûһ˿Цݣµֽճȭ
û֣СǰߴģܳȥͦṴ˵ģϻٹһ
ĽҶ·ҶȻĿ⣬̧ۿȥȴҶȻƽƿߣ·⡣
ĽҶ˿裬Ļڿźûһˣû׼Ѿڳﻮôˡ
úźĽҶͬҶ̫̫˵һˣҶȻͬҶأҶǺȾƣ϶ץ
ĽҶճԺӣͱľѾˡ֮ǰ鷿ıīᣬԭеĻһҷֲЩǱģһˡ
ĽҶЩԥĻײҶȻ
ڲԹɫʱүȾƣӲŸտʼأ˵ҪȰʱ
ĽҶ˿ȥ˺Ժ鷿СϵҪƹһϮ
ĽҶתҶȻ˫ī
ĽҶ»ţæơ
ճڣҶȻֱǰݺݵѹȥ
֮ͬǰҶȻȻˣͬ˺üĶǣץСӣԥƷռС
ĽҶֻԴκģ׵ļò׷ӦҪƿҶȻȴֶԷĸߴ󣬷·һɽôҶȻ˿
ĽҶŵҶȻζ˼֣ԼָƾӣҶȻץȥ
ĽҶץ˺üΣҶȻȴ޷ӦɰԴԵأûһҪεļ
ĽҶЩżˣصҶȻץһѣҶȻзӦˣſ
ĽҶһΪƾڼЧˣһͱҶȻᱧͼҶȻ߿š
鷿һԷҶȻʱæڹ񣬱ֱ鷿Ъ¡
ҶȻ󲽱ĽҶֱӰŵ˴ϡ
ĽҶ޴룬żȥҶȻ״һЦҲȥ׷سµڡ
ĽҶĿɿڴҶȻòֱӡ
ľ˾ˣϻˡĽҶŵץס죬ͼͨľ˾ˡҶȻ֪
ҶȻЦһСԼӰ£ͳһ˿ƻĵζúôңǸˣͷŹ㡱
ĽҶԺз·һ㣬ʲôи˾ͷŹѵ˾Ҫô
ĽҶҶȻΣյϢԾز˲ӣ˽ϵĻ̽Ŵ壿
ҶȻ䣬һͷŪһλᡱ
ĽҶһĶ˵˺üүҶҶˣ
ҶȻЦһֱѹĽҶηӦ˲٣һԱ߶㣬һȥץҶȻ
ҶȻһ׽ס֣ˣƾҩ̫ˣҸûá
ĽҶľûãϻҶȻôԹԱס
ĽҶûףͱҶȻǽϣݿܵѹ
ĽҶֻתҶȻĴȣظֻҪһ㣬ȱݺݵҧҪ븹
ȵҶȻ壬ĽҶ˱˻ĽҶŬСֳ˳ţԶЩնһ£ͱҶȻ˻ȥ
ҶȻŵ㣬һ˿ĽҶӡ
ĽҶ׵ֻҶȻ͸ˣ·ŪС㡣ֱӽƫҪ׽ŪС㣬С޴룬ֻŪ
ĽҶԼϢʱҶȻɿˣĽҶؿڣ΢΢ҶȻԼżҪ´
ҶȻһ̵ְ˹ŵԼϣĽҶĿϹԹԾͷƴ
ҶȻһסСϸһסˡ
ĽҶϴΰ㣬Ҳ۸ҡ˵ˣʱûбҩԵҲ۸㡱
ɵɵСӲ֪ԭ򣬻ؽͣϣܷŹ
ҶȻЦһСĹĵӣԼ£ҹܽˡ
С˲ըëʲô£Ǳף˵캦۸С¡
ҶȻһŭ仰˲ȼԭѹƢúýСӣԺˡ
أϲôߣΪ
ҶȻСӷŵϣŵض㵽ǽڵŭ
ϸĵչҪĶ͵ǰ֪С֮£ĵص
ҩˣ֣޷ǾԼСﰮôǰڶС
ãһ˫ˮˣĺѣһȥһû˵ģʹף۸С
۸
ձʲô۸


 61 

ҶȻ˪, ĽҶȴȻ𻹳ȡ
СӲΣձƽִŵڣҪӳ, ҶȻЦһֱӰСѹڴϡ
һֽСϸ߾ٹͷѹסһֲȹ, ֱѩ̽ȥ
ĽҶû뵽ҶȻȻģʧ룬쵰, 㲻, ȥ
ҶȻȵĴսĽҶˮ۾, һһ, Ҳˣһ쵰
˵˵˭ĺˣҶȻСϸ۵Ƥ, 裿˻ǸոǸ壿
ĽҶȫҶȻ˵ʲôôͳ˻, ҶȻƽ۾˼, ЩĻ, ˫ƴҪıҶȻѹϵľơ
ҶȻشЦһ, ѹסĽҶڵ˫ȣ촽ѾõС䡣
Ȼװ, ԲҶȻҧ˶仹ȵĴԶ, ǰƯĲһһµĺۼ
ҶȻֻµС𣬷Ϻõΰò
ҶȻȵĿĽҶƯϣףź¹ԵأͨյĿ֮
ҶȻϵľζЩأһű֪Ϻ˲پƣľһȾĽҶÿһƤ
֮ͬǰҶȻֻڴݼҶȻȻǷ˺ݣһ˫ĴҪ޴СӳԸĨ
ĽҶظܵҶȻһִδĸоҶȻĶĴӡ
ҶȻ׵СʱĽҶ̲ס˽˳ͷһ
ҶȻ̲סˣ۾ɺ죬ϸ˽ȥ
ĽҶ켱ˣ˫ֱҶȻֱӿסǱȫȫѹ£ãھӵСӣ޷ֻ֮ΪΪ
ĽҶҶȻǰҵ˻ᣬһҧļͷҶȻʹſ
ҶȻ˿Ӱ죬˼ɵؼòСӣһǽ
ĽҶҧûã߷ǿŮˣ˶ԣ㡭
ҶȻЦһȵĴСһ£ǵĽҶһĽҶߵҾȥϺү̯ƣ˵ҪȢ㣬²ǿŮ˰ɡ
㣬㡭ĽҶû뵽ҶȻô޳ܣϺү֪ˣ¾Ͱ϶ˣҲӲˡ
ҶȻûĽҶѩ׵ɽ´ƬۺĺۼӵƬѩŪ࣬ȫȫԼ
뷨һҶȻֱƲסߣҪǷµȹӡ
ҶȻͼĽҶ׻ˣʹҶȻҲûãҲûãֻ׸
ĽҶ̲סˣžžҶȻ׳ֱϡ
ҶȻܵϹ̵飬һͣĶ̧ۿĽҶѾ޺۾ҵȹ¶ѩԲļͷ滹ǳǳĺۣȫĶоµĺۼһ±˹
ҶȻӣЩûڣʲô
žŭ۸һԸСҶȻüͷ뻤Сһģκ۸ôͱŪˡ
ҶȻεذĽҶһһµظĺ󱳣СĽҴˣҲһʱ嶯͡
ĽҶԭǻֺ̿£ҶȻĳҶȻһίˣƵ䡣
쵰㲻ˣôô۸ҡĽҶίСҲǹټС㣬װ׵ģܹ۸
ҶȻһˣʹԼֲ˲ĽҶϵ飬ĽҴˣһô۸У㲻ϲҰ۸
ĽҶһ´ҶȻ֣װˣһʼûģĸû˵ʮˡ
ǰҶȻǿƵ۸ĽҶĽҶ㾪ίҶȻСˣĽҶСƢһ±ˣ˵޼ɵ
ҶȻЦãŶʮ꣬ˣ
ŻСˣҶȻĺڣúôĽҶĸԸؼ޸ȴŪ⸱棬СȻˣײԭ
ҶȻĽұ֤´һô³ˡ
㻹´ΣĽҶ߷ߵصҶȻ˹Ȼ
ҶȻСһ壬ٰըëˡ
ĽҶĨĨᣬҶȻİԵо㻹ʲô˻ìܹʲô£ΪʲôҪйͷ
ҶȻɫ֣ʵ˻ˣ
ĽҶҶȻĪ˵䡱
ҶȻüǳأҲǼĵúܿģϲʳһ仰ҶȻĽҶս
ĽҶ۾ɣЩԣϲʲô˵棬Ҳͬ˵䡱
أҶȻ׷ʣĽҶѾͷˣ㲻ҶȻûͷûԵ˵ЩʲôҪҶȻȥ
ҶȻȻϷ֣סĽҶ֫˻
ĽҶüͷίͰ͵ؿҶȻ۸ңո˵Ҳ
ҶȻͶɿ֣ĽҶģ̾˿ôͺͿĽҶˣģȻҲˡôΪ˼仰۵Сίˡ
ĽҶϵȹղչſҶȻûзȹüѾ˺ˡ
ĽҶݺݵҶȻü飬Ķ˱ҶȻġ
ҶȻ֪ԼĻ£ɾشӴѾȹЪ°ɡ
ĽҶҡͷ߷ߵץűӣ㻹ʲô£㣬ϲ⡱
ҶȻɫѾָڴӺԺȥصˮԺ·ˡȥ֤һԷһ˫Ư۾עǰˣˡ
ĽҶƿߣٲᱻҶȻ⸱Ƥƭˣ뵽ڻȥȷʵױײȥٽˡ
ҶȻЦЦԴʧس鷿ߵȣ洫Ŵ汻˩ˡ
ҶȻʧЦԸѾ߽ȥźĽҶ
峿͸ި֦Ҷϣӣˣ˯ֱ
ĽҶ۾Ϥɴʣл֮УѵҹһΣ
īˮһźĽҶϴ
ĽҶϵĺۼ˹īأ
һī̵ϰźȥɡ
ƱѣҴȥĽҶԷĽҶױǰЩĻš
ҲãںԺ㣬սȥ̾ͽһȥҲϣвң˵ȥˮԺ˿϶֪ﳹҹδ飬ҺúϷȻûˡ
ΣԭԺȹɰʱ̲ס˯ȥˡ
ĽҶ鸴ӣҶȻļѾϣòˣе֪ͣסˣǵĴȻȫ
ĽҶüôҶȻ˵ûˣ۸ºôֲûˣ˻Դƣԡ
Ʋٶ˵Ӧ˰ԡͰ̧糣ĽҶ¡
ƺضһͣĽҶź˺üˣһοⳡ档
ڹСʱƾ;Լҹﳤóڣݣʤѩϸȶˡ
ѩ׵ļָۣûкأǴƬƬķۺ죬Լù˶ٿͷ


 62 

ĽҶϵⳡ, ֱӽԡͰˮûӣϵϷˮ
Ʊŵò, ˿ǻҲ, ֪˵ʲôҶߵģһҪȥ
ĽҶڰ, ҶȻҪʲô, סġ
û£ġ, ˵ִˮ
һźĽҶϴԡ, һĽҶеίҶȻôǺүõһƷ󽫾, ôܶԼŮء
ﰲο˵û£ɿϵĺۼ, ҶȻ϶۸˹ܾá
һݹϵ, ҶȻΪ϶Ȣ, Ż˽ȹùﻹû׾͡
ĽҶ䣬, ȥϢˣԼſڴǰ, 
ʵҶȻҪֻҹȥˣϢذͻصˮԺ
˵ƾȨƵλ, ֻˣЩСֶΣȻ־ˡ
ĽҶ֪ԼôˣԺܻҶȻģ߰ײͷȴĺˡ
ţˡ
ĽҶȥ䣬£̲ҿĽҶ۾Щͷү˲Ѫ࣬ǲѪġ
м֦ǴϿģȾѰ֦Ķࡱ
˵꣬ҶͣҴˡ
īϴһЩ֦װڰ״֦Ҹ
һ֦ĽҶһ±ҶȻ۸ʱ˵Ļ뻰˵ʲôӣң֦ˮ֭
ѵһĽҶֱ̧Ӵ˰״ӣʺ֦¹䡣
ĽҶһ߷ߣҶȻ˵ʲôҲˣ֦ҹ¡
īһҪ֪ĽҶºͺ˵ٷƢ
ĽҶɨϵ˲Ѫ࣬ȫӳȥ񶼲ȰˣĽҶˣīһ֦˲Ѫ˳ȥ
ĽҶ̧ۿ˿İ裬Ϻõ黭ĴĿΣȫҶȻ֮ǰĵġ
ĽҶȭͷҶȻ͵ĶȫͻغԺȥ
񲻸ҶʣµСѾ߰Ѷͨͨպˣһͻ˺Ժ
СʵͷҲҪͻȥ𣿡
˵䣬ͷһѩ׵Ƥë䣬˲ĽҶȡ
ĽҶͷ϶ҶȻļı֪ЩԺضͷ˸飬϶᲻á
ĽҶ˼˰죬ǲģǰȥˡ
ӺĽҶֻˬ֮ǰǰ㣬һ۸ڵˮԺϳţȥ̫̫Ժӡ
գĽҶһ֮ǰ磬ȥ󷿶Ժ߶źҲʵؾĽҶ׺顣
պĽҶ糣ȥ˼Ӳ鿴Ӳ鷻ԱߵӿһϤӰ
ĽҶϸƣֻһŮӴҴҽһլӣٿˡ
ƣӰ֮𣿡
ƻһ£Ӱе񡣲ԱߵŮӿһǶ¿ɾ΢ˡ
ƽеƣ˵׼̫ˣοӰˡ
ĽҶ˻ǲģĵȥһ˽᰼ĽҶǸ˼ˣԸѾó׼ĽҶԵĲˡ
ĽҶ˵˺һ񵭣ɫ󣬿Ųʲô¡
ĽҶû˷ģû׼ǽ֮ŽԽ㻹û֣ȥ˺úò齭֮
úź᰿ĽҶԽ󣬡Ǹ绹ţҲסȥˣҲȲԼҡ
ĽҶﶯ˶ԽС׵ô£ֻǵ־ʹҴԽ󣬴Ӵٲˡᰱ꣬ʱ϶֪һ
㣬ɼǵøôȥģⱩеģ
һͣź˿ڲ裬ȥôˣƽʲô
ĽҶᰱ飬֪϶顣
ȷԽûЩ˲ȥ䡣ܳԱмʮݣԽʧôˣҸ̸ס
ĽҶͷɵ˴ô˴£ٻ֪Щ顣
ĽҶ˫գأ֪ײᵱ£̾˿Ҳ֪ôˣجΡ
᰹ȻǲںǱסĲ˳ģź˯á
ĽҶҡҡͷϿѪкһƬϡΪʲôȥ
ᰳȥŹһˣѵ統Ǳ
ĽҶʱ굽ôˣѵǲģ
᰻£üͷǲǲҲ
ǰ죬븸鷿һܣ״治ðĹŶƿˡ
ҵʱȥԺҸ磬дţд˴ּֽʲݣһ֪Ǽ¡ôˣ˵ֻȻȥ
Ȼû죬׾͸Ҹ粡ˣʬ嶼ûҿһۣʹҴˡ
ĽҶץסʲôҪȴ޷ɴƳһĽ͡
ԽĹûʬ壬־͵ʱǿչס
־ΪʲôҪϷƳⱩУֱ˵Խʧ˲
ĽҶԴ֣ԽʧˣһҪ٣֪һɹ棬ĴѰԽ
־ǲ뾪ţҵԽ
һµƲ⸡ĽҶԺУԽ֪˲֪£־ͱ뽫ڣʱ֪ʲô⣬Խɹˡ
־ͱԽţԽĻԽӴܱ޷֤ݣ֪ʲôЩҲѵá
ͽԽΪʲôûҹĽҶ˿裬лǲȷϾֻƲ⣬־ѾɱˣҪβࣿ
ĽҶü˼磬ͬȥһˣƽ㣬֪㺦ˣͲˡ
ĽҶӦᰵ£ûаԽû¸Լ˽ȥ鵱¡
գ壬㣬ĽҶȥ°ݷᰶԷϣƽ𷨡
ĽҶԷûʲôȤųˣ˲ͬҪΪת䡣
ĽҶȥºԺЩ̶뾩Ů춼ƽá
һ˳ĽҶƼĽҶ۾ȣս㣬þûˣôҼˣ
֮ǰ룬ĽҶȻȥˡ뱻ҶȻˣٲˣ֮ǰĵĽҶΪԶЦЦ
ҸҪȥأײˡ
ûʲôۣ⻰̵ճ¸и磬찲Ҳȥսͬһȥɡ
ĽҶԥ¼Ҽﶼ죬찲ֻжš
ɼ䣬ԱߴһЦбĽҶôöչչںֻ²ϰ˰ɡ
лҪ˵дһԤİϲԽרղأл~
ýյ
ҶһΪ𣬾£ĺȴΪٳԺɺȤƫƫԼ׵ܡ
Ҷ;˺ü֪꣬ҶػԼѪԵϵ󣬲ܲ˵ȥ˱߽ȴõҶػսɳϢ
Ҷػʬ壬ҶƽһᣬȴⷢҶػŮ
һҶ黹̫ӣҶػҲǸ¶СʵܣҶ鹴˹һҿôݡ
Ůӽİ
ҶػֻԼù͸ǰŹҲͰˣĸװӣԺŻӵͷγʮꡣ
òӳ˻ʹûңӣ֣һСıˡ
ҶػϤľ飬¶ҪͨأȥԼңӡ
ҶػСףֻһľճչǸֺʲô̬ԽԽ
죬Χ׷½ס˺ֱӰ˶˶Ĵϡ
#Сýյ#
#̫Ӹչֵֹ#
#־Ȼǿȡ#

 63 

ϴμҶȻĽҶά, оһֱƽ˰дҶȻ١
ҶҶȻĽҶԱסҶ, û֮ǰլסˣ칫ͶںԺĿʲô
⻹ȷ˵Ĺϵ, ӪжڴҶȻǵĹˡʲôϺõ鱦УҶȻµ͸£ûؼȥŮ졣
ҶȻʯ, ȥθԷԸʦɸɫѤĿΡ
Ӫʿ֪ҶȻ͸˭, ֻŮɫҶȻڿˡ
ȴģֻҶȻĽҶ, ֪һĶ
Ĳ, òĽҶҲʶҶȻ, ξĽҶն˵ĶԻ, ̲סĽҶһ䡣
Ļ, ҲǹҲ, ¹ȥѽɿֻܴȥˡ
һм, ԹҳȥȤʱ, ûֱֱֻĽҶ֪ηӦ
ĽҶݸһЦ, ͬ鲢޽ΪԭԲˣ¹ôΪȥɽأ
һ㶣ĽҶ·ΪôһĽҶһʮС϶סû뵽һƵģ
ĽҶүȥɽΧԣ¹ŮкܣӢ¹ˣΪҲȥء
鿴ĽҶ˼ֵ⣬ѾûҶȻˣձȥɽһˡżҶȻ
ĽҶ˼ЦЦһ뿪ˡ
û֪ҶȻÿյ٣ƽʱҶȻһ涼ѡĽҶ˵ȴܼ򵥣ҶȻ͵Ķȫ˻ȥˣҶȻ糣Σ޳С
⼸ҶȻȥɽˣҶȻÿնױʵ¹⣬ţ͵ˮԺȥ
ĽҶҶȻڿ˵Ų۸ˣʵĲҪ÷ҶȻ
ҶȻ˽ʣʶԵĹ͸ˡĽҶ٣ϣܴٳɶ˺¡
գĽҶһȥμ˼Ůᡣ
ҶȻӸλøߴʣδȢȻǾڹŮеɾ
֪ĽҶҶȻŮٹذѻҶȻ
ĽҶ⣬һظЩҶȻ٣ȥδ참ȥĶԾơĽҶ˵£ֻһҶȻͶԷͻæظ֪ǵĽҶ
ĽҶڵˮԺøѴĴһһ˵˳
үȥǽ참ǴΣٹȥɽͻĽڽӽүСľȥңʳУиӴĹֱӰ־ӵүϡ
뵽ҶȻʱı飬ĽҶ̲סЦ˳ҶȻ鲻ŮɫʾĹҲҽӽ
ڴҶȻˣ֮ǰٵԱ㲻ƣǱסˣһԡ
˵үʱڳɹˣתȥةฮó´˺úùܽŮ
ةฮɲǳصģżһͨ¾ȥˡڶȥ˱Ӫү滹Źүƴˡ
ĽҶةฮλйһ֮ԵǵǸȽ̸⣬عصӡ
ôλҶȻܿɡ
ĽҶΪԼļƲ߽кãü˽
ͷ⼸ղ֪ôˣ˳Զſڵϣһġ
ĽҶԺһȻƽúöͷſڵϣûһ˿
ĽҶüǰǰŵʱ򣬲úõ𣿡
ЩҲ֪ô£ȻͷŲԺˣιʳһҲû¡
ĽҶЩôΪҶȻǻ쵰Ǩŭͷءͷ֮ǰǶõСѽڲЩףһģ
ĽҶȥ˳һũҽҽ˿ͷ۾Ķӣ
ûв֢źܽ
żʣûôģһ
ҽЦЦǻˡ
ˣ
ĽҶȣǸֻͷһֻӣôỳУ
ҽԴ˾ḻܳȥˣ߱ҵĹôӹˡ
ҽͷһʳ˼պͷָֻǶԽԽˣԶԶűԲ󣬽ֺÿɰ
ȥˣļ˼Ҷûӡ
ҲףĽҶҲƽˣͷ°ǰ棬úչ
ĽҶǷʱͷѾʮˣֻ軳һ¼ʮңĽҶͼһСӡ
ֻСӼһ𣬶Ư۾ëƤͷˣĽҶлϲ־˼ѣЩСӴЩͿסȥˡ
СӺͷָ˻ͬԭһֿʼĴˡ
գĽҶɿͷڻ԰ˣŰȥͷһͷ֦ҶïԽԽ졣
ĽҶҴ׷ȥͷʧ˼ɽ˽ȥĿɿڴһĻ
ͷһֻһҲͬ۾ÿֻӽһһ֪һ԰¡
ĽҶ֪ͷΪʲôỳˡﲻͷһֻֻģ
źģĽҶڼɽ˺һֻˡ
ĽҶЦõǣֻȰͷͻ˵ˮԺͷ˺Ժ뿪ˣС·ȥ
ĽҶһ·ԽԽòԣͣ½ŲʱŷǹѾ˺Ժ
ҶȻӣ
ĽҶҡҡͷæôӡ
ĽҶعԭںԺǰˣΧһƬ
ĽҶԤУһͷȻҶȻһɫƳۣ£ЦĿؿ
ҶȻƽܴٷɫۣôһ˼֮ˣ˾ޡ
ĽҶֻһ۾ƿߣ̧Ҫȥ
ʱҶȻˣϲӣȻ˸͹ȥ
ȻҶȻӡ
ĽҶüͷˣҶȻҪҲһͷ
ҿɲҪҶӣҶпղúùܽԼӣҪȥˡ
ĽҶչĹĵģɫ䵭һ֪յ
ҶȻЦЦԭǴֻӽ׸ģҲ££ҡ
ĽҶˣͰȥˡһֻҲͽȥˣɴںԺûӵҲĽҶˡ
ô֪ӣû׼Ͷϣá
Ӹ棬ǰԧ죬һ׮Եˡ
ĽҶԽԽòԣҶȻ˵Ӱɡ
ߣ϶ûģĽҶݺݵҶȻһۣȥ
ҶȻεüģôʲôϻزѾ˵˲۸ˡ
һᵽһĽҶͺˣҶȻ˵˵ʲôҪǿ۸ѽ
ĽҶֻףҴȥҶȻ
壬ϵã
ĽҶ̲סģͷһۣͣ˽Ų
̣ͨϸƶأһ京ŵľȻ·һ֡
ĽҶһ֮ǰƷмһƵ壬ʱϸˣԽǿ鲻ͬ
ҶȻǿɫ󣬻ͼƣĽҶŬ뿴֣ȻسҶȻķ˼۾塣
ĽҶ쿴ϵʱҶȻջУĽҶżҪ壬һûһʯһ£ҶȻĻ
ҶȻֽסֻܰ˹ǣôż


 64 

ĽҶʶ, ͶͱæվҶȻҲûջ֡
ҶȻ˹, ԵЩˣĽҶɫ΢죬ոտһ, һ̧۾ͶҶȻ
ĽҶ˻ԴЩֵ뷨, ܸҿ𣿡
ҶȻһ˫ƯֱֱĽҶ, ·Ҫȥȴ˵һصĻ, ոսʲô
ĽҶ, ҶȻĶովͶҶ
ĽҶ̧ۿȥ, ҶȻ˫ֽգ鵭, ûһҪ˼
ǲĳƺ, ĽҶ̽ſ, ү
ҶȻûһ˿
ĽҶȻЩ, ѾϰҶȻ˳ϸ¡֮ǰ࿴ʲôһ, ҶȻ̾ˡ
ôˣǿֻǵλûʲôֱҶȻҪ
ĽҶĵҶȻ粻, ֮ǰôģֹô䵭
ô֮ǰûԣҶȻϷŪһѡ
ĽҶԽԽҶȻó壬ĽҶǰ˻Ρ
ĽҶ̰Ѹղŵ֮Ժ󣬽ӹؿ˿һССġȡ֣ȡһ㻹ˣԵú龫µ岻̫ơ
ĽҶ˿Сʱ棬ͽѧһ壬СԲ㣬ȻèĹ
ʱ֪ԽһϺõ壬Ҫ֡ԽȥˣֿˣҲû⣬Ӵš
ĽҶ˹â屣úúõģ˵϶ţģ
ҶȻһֱڿԵĸˣ΢΢ȥطȻ֪ˡ
ĽҶС¹˼˺һŵҪԼȥ
ҶȻףһȻ·˵Ȼôȥ
ĽҶСȭͷԼôоҶȻЩˡ
ǰ䵭룬⣬ԽԽˡ
ܾ֮ҶȻЩ֡
ոտ񣬾ڶ
˵޵ò
񴺷̳ξĺ棬һȦȦźСͶ
ĽҶ΢΢üҶȻʹʲôֶΣϵġ
ڳʻԼĪһʱ䣬ͣ˳һƽƽլǰ
ҶȻǰǰСδͨ˶˽ȥ
լӵˣĽҶĳҶȻҶԪʲô
ҶԪʮȴҶȻЦݣͬ˵ˣس𣿡
ҶȻ΢΢һЦ׺γԣȻӦõġ
ҶԪЦֿ죬ĽҶŷӦϴ磬Ҷ˾˵˽ҶȻ̵ҶԪϥ¡
ǰʽˣĽҶҶȻ磬ĵҶȻҶԪͶԵɣȻҶô˵ҶȻԸ⣬¶ɲˡ
ҶԪնĽҶЩӡ󣬼Щ⣬Ҳûжʣֻϲ衣
˵һҶȻϻظҿĻɻڣ
ҶԪտĽҶ˹һһСż˽
Ǽ϶ǳӵФĽҶСһһչɫƽֱСչһ
ĽҶ̲סǰһϸϸǻĿͣһŵϡ
ĽҶסĵļʵ⻭ģǿ֪⻭Ķ
ĽҶ˼ǻӾԽ߷ƣֻʹЩü۸ˡ
ҶԪҶȻһۣ֪ЩΪ˭æˣٿĽҶ˲٣ԭί渵
ĽҶ֪ҶԪЩΪҵҶѯ˻˵Щɽ˵ĻԽһʱһ˫ˮΪȶ΢΢š
ôȥɽˣ
ҶԪֵҶȻ⿴󣬾˳ϲ鵽ݣ֪Խס꣬ǰҴ뿪ݣʱΪǱֵǮĶ·ѡ
ҶȻڵѰǿľȻ塣
ĽҶ꣬꣬Խ嶼ˣ˵ӿ϶ѹû׼ڻ޶Ϊһͷ
ΣԽϢˣĽҶɫҶԪյл
ſҶȻҶԪڳĽҶŵĽл壬ֻǸ仹Ҫͱˡ
ҶȻĵ״Ħˡ塱һҲȤ֮ͣһ˼ġ
ĽҶ˿ҶȻô˵ˣ϶ǶҵԽаա
ҶȻվҶȻ̾Ϣү˵ôƵᣬƾһФڴܳʮôס
ΪѰ壬ҶȻȺ˼ʮȥݴʱȴֻڱǶ赭дһʴ
̾˿ˣүűһʲôʸ๡
ҶԪҶȻ˵ЩԵ£˶˳ţζؿҶȻһۡ
լ˺һͷѾͷգǵض
ҶȻʵȥ¥ٻغ
ĽҶҶȻӴ뵽Խ䣬ܾĻ˵ˣ˵ͷ
ĽҶһֱĥԽ£˾¥ǰŻعһ¥ϵ֣ס˽Ų
ƺ¥
ǲֻͨسԸΪʲôҪƺ¥ȵط
ҶȻͣסŲ¶ɻ
ĽҶ糣ȥƺ¥ֻͨ¥ҶȻϲ֣֪ƺ¥˽µĹҲġ
ĽҶ߱߰οԼֻǳԸġ
һ̷ԸС׼һ䣬ǵСһΪѣλ͹٣ÿ̫ˣǾ¥æʱ򣬰Ѿˣȥ¥
ҶȻʲôݣСҲû׼䶼첻ĽҶˣ¥Ҳͦõģ뿴羰
ĽҶЦӯӯȴ˿ȥ¥СĿɾͲˣ¥ã극Ͻ߾Ͳˡ
ҶȻƽЩĽҶˣõС·
¥ʮӣ˲࣬ӴšСߵλ䲻˽ܣʤڿٴӵķ羰Ҳġ
ҶȻĽҶ˼ˣܿСͰѸɫȶ
ԣֻõòˣĽҶҲ˿ʱҶȻڵ
Щͬ¼ߵúܽ
¼ЩһֱҶȻĳ磬뵽ʱɫĳ棬ĽҶһ֣ͬ粻죬ڻϣҶȻʱ⡱ȫˡ
ĽҶиˣü䣬ЩЦ⣬¹Զòǣ߻Ӹ浾һһĺá
ʲôԸҪĽҶںһͨϣҶȻ㿴ˡ
ˣΣĽҶؿҶȻ
ҶȻ°״ɲ豭̧۳ĽҶȥǧǳ
òǡ
ͳȴһ˿磬ЩЩˡ
浾
ĽҶԴ̻ըͬ浾ʲôϵѽüθɻ¶ҶȻץ˸ţôĲ˵⻰
ҶȻǳǳһЦģѾͬү̸ˣ¼ﲻձͬҹӶס
ĽҶװˣʹԴǿ޳磬ôҶȻӾͳζ⣬ȻҶȻˡ
ĽҶֻȥҶȻ¿ӣﶨ˶
ʱһ˹ս㣬ˣ
ĽҶ̧ۿȥɫʱ֣ǽϻصСϦ


 65 

ϦĽҶĻϲ, ϻûźãǵλս㻹ƽ, ҺϦʮӡ
ĽҶҶȻɫæϦ񣬡¥Էͼ, ϲ䣬ʲôûźˡƴϦʹɫ, ˵ˡ
ϦΪһֱͷ, ûпĽҶĶ, Ϧһֱò, սˣ֪Ϧź򡱡
ĽҶ, ʲôźҪ䣬ϦҲֱ̫, º, ϶סˡ
ĽҶ˼, ô͡
ҶȻⷬɫ˼֣һ, ̻⣬Ϧȥˡ
һ, ĽҶŷװȣ̻صҶȻߵ˵䡣
ҶȻ, ĿֱֱĽҶϣż̽м⡣
ĽҶֻ꣬ҶȻ϶Ҫ˵ʲôúùܽˡ
ҶȻЦһ˼ϷʣĽϲ
ĽҶֻԼܵγѪˣ˫һԲ
ҶȻģЦЦ´£ֱҾˡ
Ҳӡ
ĽҶ֪Լô߳ƺ¥ģҪȥӿĽæ
ҶȻĽҶıӰһЦ۵ᡣ
ҶȻɫҡҡͷĵүǳĽҶˣ֮ǰɴδҶȻ˭⣬׼ȷ˵㵽΢
ĽҶһһҶȻġΣĽҶûҪҶȻԽ䣬ҶȻȥˣҪҶԪյĿ˵ֻ˵ֵⷢġ
̿ҶȻɫתһ룬ҲãүͲǹһˡϽ͸ҶȻߣֻҶȻڵķȨƣ֪ҶȻЩļ벻ס
үķϲδһ¡
һߵĽҶϣɫ΢죬ӶǸղҶȻͬ˵ʱģ
ƽϽͬղŵҶȻһ˵ĸо
ĽҶյͷȷҶȻ֮ǰȷʵŮɫҪ˼Ե鳡ˣ˻òġ
ĽҶҲȥˣÿַǷȥɫ˹䡣
ĽҶһĹӣûע⵽׷Ѿõߡ
ˣֺõЦݣϴϲǹֱ׾ˣϴ׳ֳ£ĸ˲ġ
۾ĽҶϣȥϵˮۣճߣ̲ס۾Ҫϻֻʵ̫ҡ
ԭ⼾֮ǰЩùµĻ죬ڿջץʿգ²ҶȻ˶ʮϳ˾ǡ
Գ˾ǣǵĸ󷱻ٻƫƧ֮ȥЩӣҲʶ˲̾ˣ֪ҶȻ϶ͷ˲ӣʼЩϲ̨¡
ֺܶ˲£ټߵױ񣬺ܿڵǰ¶ùʹ͡
οһȹĽҶһЦֻҪ˵»ɣһоͺðˡ
ϴЩǼ
εͷֻҪһͶšǳˣ̽ҡ
պĽҶȥ˽һĽҶеս㣬ˡ֮ҾҲȥˣֻڼ¡֪ˣͲôӦΪǻ쵰
̺ͻΪĻ¶ʮµһƵգ⼸£̶Ҫæױ
ĽҶЦЦǰգҿɻȥϷ԰ϷˡҪȥ˭ס
ĽҶ࣬ս㣬֪ճ˱̨ӣ־ľ³ʿԡ
ĽҶǰһӼŲױĴؽ˾ǣСΪΪҪ³䡱
̺˿ڲ裬Ҹ˵ûô򵥡ŵѹڱ߽Ϊꡣ˴ãƣҪ½״Ԫԡ
ӦսԵˡʥϱɴ̨ӣһҴܳһãա
ɷЩǱ̨Ӿʹڳʮɽ£ս㣬Ҫȥ
ĽҶ֪Ѱʲôˣȥ䣬ֵĵﲻͬ⣬ơ
ĽҶȥ䣬ҶȻһƷ󽫾ǿ϶ڳġסһٳղֻںԶԶţײ˵ģӦ
˸һһǰһ˳š
Щ䳡ɽСĽҶҿ˿ֻ壬ƾ棬ķҶʡ
ʱߵһѵСǰ̵СţĽҶţһѩ׵ĶдɳĲ˻һʳƬѪ鴤һֱӵˡ
һأĽҶŵȻҲҡҡλεطһࡣ
ʱԺԾ߰˸ӣƽ
ĽҶֱײ˳ϣ⼸Ѿߺû
ϳʱֻȥûдҶĻôɣˡ
ʱԶ̵ս㣬أ
ĽҶ⿴ȥԺȻݺݵһֱ˹ȥ
ĽҶֻͷۻǿ۾Լͱһ޲סֽŸЩľͷһ˫ȱס˺üȦֱϥǣϸǱסճȦĺۣһ֪жء
ĽҶŬһԼˣɴͣܣһŵ񻨴ϣܵĳ˲ٻңҲЩ¾ɣϵʳȷǳĳҿջ
ĽҶͷЩۣ׶ԷΪҪһĸ˫ĹŮ˵ΪҶթҶЦҶǸֱΪҪһ֡
Ϊʲô
ΪΪɫ
ĽҶֻһ亹ʱ⴫Ų
ĵһ湫Ӹ糯ȥ¹ģǸ˹ɫòڣ˵ǾǵһҲ֡
»ӣŲ̲סӿˣ˵ģòƽƽ棬Ψʡ
æȥôᣬǹ⡱
ԭ⼾ζĽҶһֱĲĽҶסڳдμ֣ҲҪɵҶˡ
βԼ֣ȥߥ޳»ɡ»ǵСĶӣ°㳤
˽֪»ɲѧֺУǸɫ֮ͽǿŮǰʱ䣬»ɿһƷĹٵŮֱӰ˸ϡ
·ˣƷĹٲҵаԵĵ»ԼŮΪ檣ҲֻܴݺѪ̣ϻЦԵж¡
Դ˳»ɸӲˣھǺаԵ裬ΪΪ
ʢĽҶи»Ҳȫûӣߵľǰͣס˽ŲıˣǸ߹֮ŮɲԸ鷳
һЦݣ¹ģƷĹ֮Ůĸ˫ǹŮһʲôɵĵġ
»һûԥֱƿ˴ţڴϵĽҶȻֽűסҲ޲ɿԿǹòȷʵ

 66 

»̲ס߽˼, ֻǹһ˫ƺˮüԶɽ, 򱻰סɫЩ󣬵ڻò
μ»ɿˣ, һǲҶĽҶ֣»ȶˣȳ», ͿԶĽҶΪΪ, õĳ£ǰͷг»ɶ, ҶһɵΪһ͵
ĽҶξ˹, ˫ۺݺݵصżΣͣ
οģ, ֻЦϵ˻ʲô, »ɹ, ¹ȳɺ, Сȳȥˡ˵ž˳ȥŴˡ
»۽ĽҶ, ƣ䵽, ֻ
ĽҶľ﷢ءͼȡ
»ɳصЦЦ, ĽҰģСҲʮ·Ҳǵˣôжġ
»˵žͰĽҶе޲ȡ˳ĽҶæҵȻȥˣڼסڳд˵ʲôǹŮڲƭģϵ
ĽҶɫţղ»ɺͼĶԻ֪дó»ɼɵΨһķǹͳд𡱡
»ɵĿĽҶǽ촽زֻÿڸ
ղ⣬θĽҶǳдı϶ˣϾֲȱۣȻоͷΪӲȥǴٹҵĹ
ĽҶǰòɫ㣬»ֻһŻ̵ס
дˣ۸һʲôɫĳͷԵĳ»ɺԥѹĽҶϣҿС
ĽҶֻ£һߴȣһ߲㿪»ɡ
ĽҶ̫»̫Уһ»ɾȻ춼ûϣĽҶײһ£ĵ˴ǡ
»ộֱһȵĽҶϣĺӡ
ĽҶһȵͷۣۼ»ſϣѾû
ĽҶһŬԼҪ侲ŭ˵ǰ
»ɺطĽҶ۵飬̧ͷһòĹĬĬᣬ۾
»һ±ϧ֮ģǿĽҶʵĽҶӭϣ֪˭
ĽҶҡҡͷ
»ͦͦţǵ߹ӣңҪʲôʲôڹԹȥ鱦޳С
»˵գĽҶˮǾȣ⣬ǹ￪ʼҲǲ֪ˣĻϲؽŸˡ
ݰӢĽҶŮҲܲģ»̧ĽҶ°ͣסڳдҸͲȥ̧檽Σ
ĽҶЦȴܳǵ߹ӣҿ˵߹Ķţ棬Ůˡ
»ɸ˵ȷʵ棬ĽҶϵѻ˻ȥ֮ңԲģ϶޸á
»ɼĽҶ˼⣬һסҵıܼʲô˼ңֻҪ᲻⡣
ȻĽҶֻüһ˵ͷɫ糺죬ƺߡ
»һģһˣ޲̳˺£ȴĽҶ˶㣬Ȼ¹ԸΪˣܲȰһɣҵֺۡ
»һȻ˰ɵѾһƬ죬ĽҶһСж˰ҲܲϺϵˡ
˽εεؿߴӣ⣬»żȥ·֣͸еӺһʹ
»ɲŵ̧ͷǰĽҶĻа㽿ӵ飬ɫ侲Ǳĺ⡣
㣬㡭»죬δ˵һ仰͵ȥ
ĽҶ˿ϵָףΪ̫»ɵĲӣѾѪ
ԭ֮ǰĽҶָƾӣֶҶȻú󣬾ͻ˲һҩԸǿҩ֮ҶȻһֱû۸ˣû뵽ó
űεĳ»ɣĽҶɵסˡ˲οԼȫҧˡ
ʱ⴫˽ŲһȦŵˣ¹ӿɳˣ
ûأGղܴôûˣ
ǻҪһ
˵˵ԽԽСĽҶһ֪Ҫƽȥûôס
˴ƿһȻϣΧȺɽ޴䡣ջߣķڵ㣬ȥûҲС
ĽҶļ٣ղŰ»ʱһѶ̵صߣѶ̵˻ְѴϵ᣷ס»ɵΡ
ʱǽǵļη˲ԣôûƽʱ¹ӰʱǾ춯صģôô
ԭſڵļεһҲòԣʼûˡ
βԣƿһ϶ʱӦɢȴһɶ
Ŷ룬ÿһ»ɱ廨صڴϣȥҩ
ҲδһŹϡ˳ȥ
ⲽջƫƧ򵥣ܲ˵ĵط޼
һ߿˱ڳţȻ濴һŵĽҶ²⣬㵹ͦģܱˡĵ»ģŵⶼԲֻȱˡ
ĽҶŶ̵ݺݵصżΣ
γоͷ˻죬û·»ɻǸӸ磬ԸĽҶ˵䣬ȥֱһǴĽҶĶ̵˳
ĽҶƴſңҪҶ㡭
ĽҶӣҲɫˡ»ɲϵĻۣĿ䵽ĽҶָϡ
ĽҶһЦֱĽҶָָף㵹ָͦҩ
ĽҶֻĴ̹ǵֵָۣͨ죬סز
Ρһ˺ĽҶϷȹٽУٽаѳ»ɳˣһ㣬ʱ˵ˣֻ
ĽҶر۾Լ޼α޳ܡ
ʱ⴫ĵľУӵűֱ߿ҶȻĳ棬ŭһȥֱ߿˺ĽҶȹļΡ
δһĸһүү¡һīɫٷҶȻɫ˲ɷףүС£ǣǳ»ġ
ҶȻȥһţֱмؿڣαߵ˺˺üߣѪ
ҶȻĽҶ̵رϥǽǣȹɢң۸ǵĽҶϣסΡ
ٿεŭ𣬺޲̽ʬΡ
֪²ȥѾ˰ѿջΧסˣ˫ȷɫҰףҶȻƽ̧ͼֿ
ϧĽҶǰҫϰ䣬ȭҶȻǰһֻϣҶȻŭܣȭκ޻֮ñףѪġ
ҶȻ뵽ղŽĳ棬ŭӿͷ˼һٺĻƿȥ˸ߵĴƿ˼ʮƬֱֱˤȥƬѪסؾС
ҶȻԾò˫Ǻ֮ɫһŲڼεĲϣɫǺ죬޷˫ץҶȻѥӣƴȴܶҡҶȻ˿
ڼεȥ۾ףҶȻЦһǺ޲üεУôδ̫ˣ̧˽š
δڴڴǺһ£סԣ߿ȱ߾ʹڵϣžʹҿ
ҶȻûٸĽҶǱȥվˣĽҶƽӣƽϸĺǻСᣬϻаӡҲˣϵȹ飬ֻ˺˰ܡ
ĽҶȻеŵˣˣ¡
ĽҶŴعԼȻӹһ٣뵽»ɺͼεĶУץסҶȻ䣬ߡ
ҶȻһִδйֻһΪǰ˸ϧҶȻеָۣ˸ĽҶϲĺ󱳣Ҳߵģһһֱڡ
վһļ٣ҶȻԭҪڽĽģǽγƴܳ½α䡣
ҶȻһ˵ĽҶ°ˣ̿ӱ޴һױϵĽҶµĵط
ҲҵˣҶȻȴһİĽҶֻһˣѾ˱£̲סˣү䳡Ǳߡ
ҶȻ̧ͷõȥٱȡһССֵĽҶȥһˡ
ʱĽҶѾӾʧָ˹ҶȻϣʹվû£¾ȥæûҪġ
ƽĽҶȪˮʯöȴ˿˵ĴҶȻһְĽҶŵ۽˽ʲô£¡
ĽҶ˫΢΢ȣ̤ʵˣ̧ۼεڵϣ˸ղܵ衣
ĽҶк⣬Ѹղżһ߷ɵĶ̵˻һǵֱֱȥ
ŵѪɫұһ㣬Ƕ̵
ҶȻ˿ղſĽҶ̣޿ģ벻ڻҪΣǾѾָˡ
ҶȻ˻֣üѶ̵
һ飬ղĽҶƣĿǡ
ҲҶ˵ܿһ̴ľ˽ʮѶ̵ǴеǶġ
ҶȻһѶ̵ŵĽҶڣʲôʲô˸㡱
ĽҶһ˵ոձĺӿͷйƵ˼Ѷ̵ȥ
αŵòᣬڵģүչС֪ˣСһɣСĿǼеĶ磬ˣҼҾͶӾˡ
ҶȻЦӾˣҲ츣˰աһ֣ǰסΣ¼α˻İӣ¶ãֻĽҶ֡
ҶȻתٿĽҶʱᣬôӾôӡ
ĽҶûѧ䣬ӼûлУѵڼδϣһͱ˶Ѫ˲٣û˵Ҫ
ֻĽҶôӣȸղҶȻ£һߵԼһģϣĽҶŹ
ĽҶ˼ѵֻʣһѵˣΪʲôôӶӲСϵ޴ŭ
ҶȻһЦ̵ŵĽҶȵĴָĽҶСϣԶǶ̵ֱֱȥĿꡣ
η˽Ľֻ֪ҶȻжҾ徣øķųˡ
ڵشʹüɱҪȥοУһ;Ĵ̹ǵۣϵغС
ĽҶǰĳ棬ˮ۾ǾȣתͷҶȻõô׼
ҶȻһЦǳϰѧҽһҲ׼ͷˡ
̲סֳ˳ǣ̱һǶӾˣĽҶĹעȴҶȻĵ˵ôᡣ治үϵŮӣ˼·ʵһ㡣

 67 

ʱ, ҶȻױѾ⼸ʳȥ̡
գεĳ»˹, үǵСӣͼڼƻ, ˸˱ʮ죬ѰᣬͰ˰ƫƧĿջ
ҶȻ纮˪, б, һ뵽һᷢʲôŭͲϷӿ, ޲̽ǧˡ
ĽҶղǼ, ŭѾйزˣָ侲, ҶȻеɱ⣬Щš
βһ켣оͷĶ, ûʲôҪ»ǵСĶ, ҶȻΪ͵Թ, պ;谭
ĽҶ˰ͷղų»ɵһоȻݺݵرȥ, Ȩѹ, ʲô塣
ĽҶοڣҶȻתȥ, Щֶ̫ѪỴ̄ĽҶѾܾˣŵˡ
ҶȻȷĽҶת俪ڣϻصΣҪǻš
ӦǣҶȻ˵Ҫ˻ţҶȻžԱһʹ˸ĥˣﻹжãҹҹܾĥ
ҶȻɨưܵĿջһۣĿϬȻܴȥ
ˣ˿廨Ŀջƹ͵СҶȻΪĽҶ꼰㣬ջǸ֪ĺڵ꣬רԹ·̿º֣Ȼô˳»ӣǵоһֻ۱һֻۡ
̻˻֣һԵ֣ҲΪİɨһ
ĽҶϣɢƽ
һƽоϵʹۣۣҲۣܡ
ĽҶȥҶȻƿͬɫСƿĽҶĶ̵˵أСģ̡
ҶȻһ˫н۵һƬͨ죬ƽĽҶϵĵޢȫ۶ˣҶȻֻһۣ˱壬Ѿʼƻһȥ˵ó¼
ҶȻᣬ˵ĽҶɫСƿﵹЩ͸ҩָ࣬Ĩȥ
ҩҶȻĵطزˣĽҶֱҶȻţ˿úܽ
ĽҶ͵͵̧ȥҶȻֻһ˫ü΢š۾ע֣ǷĿ׿
ҶȻĽҶҩֿ֣࣬ýЩĽҶֱۿҶȻҼ磬һȴҶȻǿ
ĽҶ˫΢죬˼ٲһ˵Ȼļ䡣
ʵĴһʢŵһòưҡҡ׹׹Ǵȥһ⵴Ĵ
ҶȻصָҩְ࣬ĽҶϵĺ۶һ飬̧ۼĽҶЩ΢ס
ҶȻһ˫üšĽҶ°Ϳһۣԭ΢΢ɫһ˭ģ
Ⲣûб۶ָôֻۣζأĽҶȻ»ɡ
УСǲ֪ҶȻ˫ȭգ𣬸ոƽŭ⡣
ĽҶǺ޳»ɣ뵽ݣѸղû˵ڵĻ˵˳үңҺǸмڳ÷ƱãүĪΪһʱǰ̡
ҶȻüͷ㻹˵
ĽҶЩż˫ɣǣǡ
ǣ㱻ץԥ˰죬˵ڡ
ҶȻԭһ¾ɢˣĽҶĺĿô˵ˣһĸɾ䣬°ѱ
ԭǴѳ»ɶΣ̷һ飬ܣá
֪Σ»ɸҶˣֻһˡ
ĽҶȻô˵ˣͻӣһ˳»ɣһɧ
ҶȻСң糺죬ҶȻǲԽЦ⣬ôң
ĽҶԴøˣȣҶȻЦЦȡǴ׵ĴƿȰҩͿˣȻ춼ס
ҶȻ̧ĽҶ°ͣĽҶ֪ؾӿˣȥҶȻɴ۾װװס
ĽҶҶȻЦһÿ˿̵ã˼ˡ
ȵָϣˬ΢ҩƿ֮ͬǰֲҩʱ棬ĽҶоҶȻٶԷˣָӹһĸо
ĽҶ̲סץץ棬÷ɿ죬˺һҶȻڵظͿҩĽҶ̲סˣүҩ𣿡
ҶȻ䣬ǳĹâúôҡ
ҶȻô˵ˣĽҶһ¾ͻˣһȥش⡣
ҶȻȴһץȣѵӻ˿ЬϹ֣ϵ˴ϻûͿҩ
ĽҶ˵ԼͿҶȻīһʲô˵ˣؿԼĽŷŵϥϡ
ĽҶͼʤѩһ˫žò⣬ưϾֻһƬűϵ˻ء
ҶȻְ˰󴦣ĽҶ̲סһҶȻһ˿֣ôô˵
ĽҶɿ쿴ҶȻһۣջĿ⡣ܳȻ翪ţŮӶܿ꾭̣е̻еġ
ƩڣҶȻĽžڴɣԹŮӵĽŶǲܸ˿ġ
ҶȻȴ˿Ь࣬ȻҪҩ·һжȻ˵СӣҶȻġ
뵽ĽҶѽջҶȻһסڲȥ㶼߲·
ҶȻ˵գôͷ̲˴ߣүкηԸ
ࡱ
һ̾ʹӴߵһɫСƿӹ
ĽҶƿӣֿ˿ϵСƿôҩ𣿡
ҶȻػش𣬡ƽʱˣЩ˵ҩϽӪ챸ˡ
ĽҶҶȻ׳ֱۣмѾ˵˿ڣ˶ҶȻ˵ֻǼҳ㷹ĽҶˣǾЩۡ
ҶȻЩɫҩԼϣʼеۣһ̡
ĽҶ˵ͷҶȻʼֺ󣬻̲סһ
ҶȻָҩֱḶ̌ڲҩȥлҪЩʱ䣬ʱž׵øˡ
ĽҶҶȻֻԼ΢ȣӦһ
ҶȻ㰴Լ֮ǰھӪѧķӣҩĽҶҩ
֪ǲǱҶȻڻԵʣĽҶҩǰζҶȻȵĴһһµϸĽϣһ
һҩͿˣҶȻ׼õˮ֡
ĽҶ״ҪȥҶȻЦػҾܣ
ĽҶԺоȻδ£ƽ￴ЩĻӣŮ֮Ҳ֪Щ
ҶȻ⻰Ϊʲôô
϶ҩ˼ԣûб˼
ĽҶСллүĽϵ˶ѾϺҩˣҪ
ҶȻֽɾ̧֣°ͣҪʲôǿᡣ
ĽҶһ±סˣ˫ֽǲ֪롣
ҶȻһЦȵϢĽҶϣү
ĽҶ硱
ĽҶԺ̻ըֶ΢΢ˣֻԼһĲܿƵҪݽҶȻȥˡ
ҶȻ͵͵ģһ˿òζϻؼĽҶôҶݣͼˡ
Ȼ֪ĽҶΪ˻飬ŹôҶݵģ̲סζغ硣
ҶȻĽҶɢµķ˿£󣬡Ը⣿ϻҶݿûôá
ҲҶݴ˼꣬ôͲܽˡ
ҶȻĽҶ֫սɫ˰
ĽҶ뵽ҶȻձʱӰаοʱᣬҧҧҶ硱ģµĴ硣
ҶȻ۽üҶȾЦ⣬ĽҶ۵գԺֻҸ硱
ĽҶͷĶ𣿡
ĽҶɫ糺죬һ˫ƺˮ̧ͷɿؿһִۣԴ͵͵һ
ҶȻҲ̲סˣͷסĽҶĶŲϸϸܵȥ
ĽҶֻģ̧ƿҶȻȴͣԺֽշĻ档
ҶȻǵʱĽҶֻû¶ģ˵ܣһ˿졣
ͬǰεĿܣĽҶعԹԵҶȻĻǣҶȻĻϲԼСһĿ֡
뵽ҶȻȥ뿪꣬ͷĽҶ׷˹ϵһ¡
һҶȻϲ񣬽ĽҶڳϣȥ
֮ǰҶȻ֪ĽҶǲԸӦˣôʧǲһ
µķɽ֣ި֦ҶҡҡλΣԭܣԷд̿ͣȴﴫ
߸ߵ͵ͣзү˵ĻԾһЩ롣
̵̣벻үƽô϶ˣ۸һ㲻ȫһϲϹ
ĽҶǱҶȻµԼߵģҶȻͰϣֺݺݵ۸һ
ĽҶ׵˫ˮ糺죬˫ֻҶȻӡ
лҪ˵лﶬڳĵ~

 68 

, ĽҶڵˮԺţӽ, үǱ֪ˤˣЩҩһЩƷ
ĽҶҨһ, ǳǳЦ⡣Ϊ˲֪յ£ҶȻȰȥ˽լһ·Ȼ˺, ֻ˵ˤˡ
ĽҶϾЦ, Щ׼뷨Ҫ֪ǰκԺǱͶ, ﶼȫӳȥġ
֪ҶȻĽҶ˼, ֪۸ĽҶ, ﲻǷԸ𣬺ԺĶ, ôʡ
˵һ, ͱĽҶ, Ѷý
ҶȻһиҩвͬɫƿҩĽҶɫһƿ, 滹һֽдںδ, רκˡ
ԾƮһ֪ҶȻеּ, ĽҶݸһЦҶȻͦϸĵģ˵ûôأõôҩ
һԿԼҹһиҩЦ磬ҩǱû׼á
ĽҶһЦģ֪ʲôˡ
Ӧǣ˳ȥаҶȻȻǺֶΣżվƭù﷼İˡֲΪĽҶǰ̵ǣҶȻֻ棬ϸ֣ǹպô졣
պ󣬽̽ĽҶĽҶˣ磬˿ս㣬տˡ
ǵ˺һ󣬲ŷǾûʹҴظϣһһѺΧǵҺ㣬̷һšɢȥǱѾûˡ
ֻɼҶȥ䳡Ҹ磬ײҶһ֪ˣҲˣֱӳ˳ȥ
ȻѾ֪ҶȻΪ˾û³䣬ӽ̿ĽҶǾ̵ģϱű΢졣
ΣҲãҪǲȥͲµġ
ĽҶҡҡͷǶҺöˣûΣҲ´ΡɼҶȥ䳡ˣҲŵþȡ
ղźЩ֮ǰͤôһĽҶʲôû˵⻰⣬ͬĽҶ˵˵Եġ
֪ĳ߹ǰֺֻ֪Уڲ֪˻޶ȡ
ĽҶ̧ۿ򽯷̣ôˣ
ǳ»ҹ¥ҲͰˣϾ˵·ŵǰЩ죬һС
СôݰףŮ࣬»ֱ˰ˣ֮ɾͺ¡
ѹҲͰˣƫƫϲɾ»ɾȾǱߵ涾
ǶҲƽ»ɿźûһһ»ɾͻȫãûһƤ⡱
ϻس»ɺͼӸţȻǶͷˣԼ˺ˣֱڴϱߣ˳Ƕ
ڰڸĴҽΣ˵޽ҩ˵»ɿ챻ⲻʱ涾ƷˣһͰԼͷǽײ޲ֱˡ
ĽҶЩȣϣҶȻҪΪԳ»ֶץڳ»涾ȷʵû˻ɵҶȻϡ
Գ»˵涾ƺƤ֮尾Ͼǵѫ֮ںľ棬ڳ»ɼЪԶȫ޷ԼʱΪãܡ
Ȼ»Ѿ⵽˱ӦĽҶ㲻ᵱ֮ˣת𽯷̵ļױˡ
ĹģˣΪǼһƺ¥ȥ󣬾Ͳ˱Ů롷
ĽҶꡱһЦ˳ΪΪһ佫ΪȥСģصȥ
ˡ㣬ߵĽҶǰϲĻ俴˷ԱߵǼƿʴɵĸҩ
𣿡̿СƿĿŵġĮ֣˷ǣҸ˵ĮǱߵСĸҩһݣǰʥ͸ҶȻ
˵գ̿˿ЩҵĽҶֿ˿Сƿľ˶δ̫˰ɣˤҪôõҩԼģ϶õϰɡ
Խ˵ԽɣĽҶ
ĽҶϽ̴ľӣֻǸü죬˺ˣͻ
ţֻüĻһƿͺˡҸղſǼƿû
ĽҶأҸʵ˵ǣ϶Ūȥ
תתЩ˷ܣҶȻòǡ
ʱǰո㿴ˡ
Ȼ²Сڣеķִ绹еģĽҶˣȻȥˡ
ĽҶһǲԸֻ߽̣ҶȻϻвݹϵЩ֪οڡ
ĽҶΪģû뵽ȥҽһˡ
ĽҶ֣ҽѾõòˣΪλҪȥشһˣ
мֵչȥ˱֪
ĽҶҶȻǰɸ˳Ļشá
شǰץҩĵطԺмר˵Ĳˡ
аĽҶһӣһţҶȻ׺Ȳ衣
ĽҶЩͷԣҶȻҪҲðشѽ
ҶȻ˹۵״Цȥ
ĽҶ˽ȥһŴ⣬ֱˣ˺ܶɴϡԿѪ
תĽҶ΢΢󣬺һͣȡ
ü۰죬ĽҶŻڣ磿
Խ鸴ӣɬĽҶкܶ໰˵ȴֳĬ
ĽҶļ磬֪㵱ԭģûµģ־ѾˣԻؼˡ
ԽĽҶȻֱ־֣üͷ־ǲǶ㲻ãʳӣãԼһһ׵ġ
ĽҶ֮ǰ²Խ־ìܣŻ뿪ǵģڿȻˡ
ԽδˣĽҶһ׷ʵ£ôˣ˵زأ
£СˡԽǿһ۵ˣʶ
ĽҶЦЦǳдүҶȻסڳдҲĸңĸ㣬϶ܸ˵ġˣǾһͬȥĸ
ԽĽҶЩΣʲôҲû£;ֱ뿪ˣδˣĽҶûһ֣ǡ
ԽһȰˣһúĽҶߡ
ҶȻйְڳЩߵĽȻҶȻԽ粻ǵǸ֪ηˣ½ȫˡ
ȻԽôЩ֣ĽҶǰԼ֪Ķ˵˳Щϵ£Ҵǵ;˵֪࣬ȥ¥
Խ˵㣬аҶȻɿ֣δܰ⵹ˡ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ĽҶˣҶȻ۾ģϸǹ⡣
ҶȻȻ˼ߵ࣬˵껰ˣ
ĽҶͷ˵ҽݶˣҹԽȥ֮ǰµһլ˵ģԽִⲻϣûǿˡ
ҶȻǵԶ˲˻شãҶȻҪĽҶһϤ
壬ôشˣҶżҩҶȻ˳׷
ҶȻԵŮĽҶҶɫһǲš

 69 

ҶȻ, ҶһۣڣԼ䱻һ, ͷһĽҶü΢Щݡ
ҶȻȻ, ҶݵĽǰսŤˣõÿ, һشø
ҶȻȻ, ̹Ҷ˿, Ϲʲô, չһĽҶŮȻ
ֻǸղԶԶţҶȻߴ, ĽҶ޶ˣվһ, һ, Żֵ뷨
ҶȻŮɫ, 쿪ˣҲ޵ĽҶְҶô, ϻָЦݣ, Ҳظÿһ𡱡
ҶȻĽҶظȥ¥ٻȥ
Ҷݲ, ĽҶһشȥ¥ЩһֱڵˮԺˣЩûҶȻˣȻҶȻһ
Ҷһֱ˵ȥ¥϶յظȥĽҶ㳯ҶȻЦЦظɣһҪȥ̫̫Ǳš
ҶȻͷҶݻվԭأĿƵؿõлȥɡ
ҶżˣظЩˣһζûĽҶٲץסᣬպ͸ˣ壬ôȫ١
ҶȻü΢šʲôĽѾܾˣ㻹Ҫô𣿡
Ҷ̾Ƚһֱ˵ĽҶгϲڿɲǣ˼죬ҶȻƫĽҶˣ壬ϲĽͰҰɡ
ҶȻҶݿ˰죬Ц˳Űɣ;Ľ뷨˵һ
Ҷݷ鼤嶼ô˵ˣ϶ĽҶǰģĽҶĻ¿϶¿ġ
ҶԽԽֺ̣ǺǵضǰŸղĽҶĲ
ҲҶȻͷҶ˷ܵı飬֪˵ʲôãЩͬ顣
ڣҶȻϣɫѣҶ棬ҪҪ˵˵ﾹЩζ
ĽҶһЦҶȻ֪ǶΪ˻飬˵Ҷݣƺš
ĽҶ壬аҪ˵ʲôҶȻһɫϴһ˵ȢңҾ˳ơ
ҡҶȻɫһҴӦ㡭
ĽҶһƲ죬ˣʲô˼ʲôôס
֮ǰҲǣ˵úúõģȻˡĽҶ⣬Ĺĵġ
ҶȻĽҶϣСｿССģ˫һܰǰ
ĽҶҪȥҶȻĶڣҶںҪˡ
㡭ĽҶҶȻһۣ۸ҡģҶȻһٿĽҶ˼ᡣ
㲻˵Щһ𣿡ҶȻĽҶС䣬Ƶ
ĽҶ̧ͷһۣѵõҶȻϿһ˿ʧ䣬ǿЦ֪ҶҶһֱġ
ĽҲЩֻЦҶȻƣֻҡ
͵ҶȻıףĽҶ಻©һģ˫糺죬ԼȹĲ֦÷֪λش
֪ҶȻܺãĸȥ󣬾ûôˡӳˣһ仰͸˷졣»ɰˣҶȻ
ܼԽҲҶȻѾȥڳҵ˱׷ɱԽ󣬾һ
ĽҶ۽ޣ糺죬Ӧһ䡣
˺һҶȻŷӦĽҶǴӦˣƽǲһ˿ϲãͷĽҶĶһ·ϸϸȥ
ĽҶҶȻΪʲôĶжӣÿζҪ׵ģСҶȻȵţſңҲҪ
ҶȻͣīɫĽҶϻϣɲġ
һᵽϴΣĽҶɫˣ¿ʢһˡ
ĽҶҲ֪ʱôˣԾؾͳҶȻҪ࣬ԲŻ鲻Խ
ҶȻһ˿ݣôҶں棬Ͳˣ
ĽҶʹԴƵǵģֻǲϡ
ҶȻһЦĽҶգڱĵطͿˣ
ĽҶһոˣԴԽԽͣɴҶȻײˡ
ҶȻַĽҶ֫ϣûмղŵĶûȤҶС鶯
ҶȻһ˿ŪʲôҪظţѵóһˣôš
ĽҶĹģҶݣڸңǰ컹ͬϺү˵ҪָԼ̫̫ңû׼Ҫóˡ
ҿɲøţҪţȻȥֺϺү˵Щʲô
ҶȻɫһ䣬һ˿ʲôʱ£ô֪
ǰϺү˲Ҫȥ
ҶȻģˡ
ҶȻͣŷĽҶ
Ҷݼû˾³ˣһˣֺǺǵ˹϶˵ĽҶˡ
壬ҪȥĶ
ҶȻƳһۣӡ
ҶϲüңӺѽţĽҶǰڡջعͼѾԶˣϽȥ壬ȵҡ
ҶȻõؿһۣʲô
Ҷһ㶣岻ҪĽҶôܲ
ǽʱ㲻鷿飬¹¥ҶȻһ̬سҶݣ֪ˣҪðȥԺˡ
Ҷһ̿һ壬ɱҵߣߡ˵ֿҶȻĨٻӰһۣЩᡣ
壬ͬĽô࣬һԷ׼û⣬ĽҲȤڣԶĽġҶ۰ͰĽҶʾôˡ
ĽҶҶ˵ҶȻʹ̲סЦ˳̧ȥҶȻɫȻϿһ˿ݡ
ĽҶһЦ˫Ŀӯӯ⶯ˣҶΪĽҶҲ޳ԼĿæ㿴ĽҲԷ
ҶȻԼֻһֱ͵ֵСӿȥĽôģ
С͵ֹ͵֣Ǻʶʱģ̵ûС
ҶһӿˣŶ˽ӣԼֻ̾
ҶȻĽҶ¥İ䣬һСͰѲˣɰＹѩףѼıȸɫһ
ĽҶзƽȣЩԶֻ࿴һۣҶȻǵ˹
ĽҶһЦҪ¿꣬ҶȻסĽҶɻ̧ͷ
ֻҶȻɫոЦʹ󣿡
ĽҶһСȭͷֿ˻ҶȻȻҪ֪ǰｻ棬Ƕ·磬ֳɵĻˡ
ĽҶü䣬ĵЦ⣬ѹ֮꣬ѰͣӶкüҶ˵Ҳû
Ҷ䣬Сƽ￴ŹԹɵģʱʱǰצӣһ˫۾ǽ鶯
ǳľ¥ɫװһӦȫҶȻûԥ͵ЦСֱȥ
лҪ˵£һ졣

 70 

ҶȻСӷŵ, ˫ֳ࣬ʹ󣿡
ĽҶץסµ죬ĵһ˿Ԥ, Ŭ˼Բ
ҶȻͷī۾ĽҶĽ, ֻ󣿡һ˿òζ
ĽҶ۾ɵԲԲģ°ҶȻ˵ֻʶؾҶȻ¿ȥ
Լʲô, ĽҶջ, ⧲ضҶȻЦ۾
ʲôѽ
ϴѾʶġĽҶס΢ȵ, ŬԼҪٻˡ
ҶȻǺЦ, СѾߵöˣûм, תʵϲʮɣ
ĽҶʲô׵, ҶȻ۾, ̵, Ųأϲ곤Щġ⵹Ǽٻ, ĽҶһЩ˼ǳ, ϲŭɫ˵Щ̫ˡ
ҶȻü곤Ķϲ
ĽҶҶȻһ˿ΣյϢ, Щţ˾ܽҶȻ˵ʱȵϢĽҶĲϣġ
ĽҶ֪ҶȻˣ϶ֻ۸ԺзȻҶȻϴҶ硣
ĽҶɫ糺죬ĽֻϲȻ硱
ҶȻûϵĽҶô˵ôˣĴβСﾹȻ˵ϲˣҶȻֻ泩۽üҶЦ⣬ͷס̺Ĵꡣ
ĽҶСؾ©һģһεҶȻᣬ봺죬һһԼӡǣ񴺷ʼʢĻ꣬繡
ĽҶֻԼҶȻΧˣմȾϢ
ĽҶδǿãڳˮ֦֭𲻹ˡ
ãҶȻͣˣͷȥĽҶĽҶ类׵ˣɴֱסҶȻȵ
ҶȻ۵Ц⣬ĽٲſҪ̲סˡ
ĽҶ֣ոﻹҶȻɹˣһûڡ
ҶȻĽҶһ˵Сģ˿ҳȥһ£ڰңߡ
ĽҶҶȻŴϣסգ̰ոǲ̫ˣȻҶȻ
Ҳû黹ͦ˵ģֻ˵Ҫȥһ¡
GҶȻȥʲô
оĻӵĽҶ۾һµɴˣɣӦòǰɡ
ĽҶϵԼĪһյ蹦򣬻ҶȻʹ̽Դ
ԱȵĽ䴫ŮӵҶ磬֪㡭
ĽҶС䣬Ǳȥ
ҶȻһµ飬ɫ䵭Ҷ⣬ֵϲš
Ҳš鼤͹ϵȵıҽ飬ȹô꣬ҶȻ߶ûŮܽŻΪԼġ
ҶȻü΢š½ԣǽӪеֵҶһѣҲǺڽһ۵ģǸΪӪĳġ
ҶȻδ˵꣬û뵽ҶȻ˲زһ㲻ô͸鿴ҶȻ˪Ҳ̲סˣ˶¥
ҶȻ˳һ׽סǽ͵ĽҶ˰ܳʲô
ĽҶɨҶȻһۣȥô֪Ҷô˰Ľͽġ
ҶȻʧЦղűͬԣֻǿս¶ɫȹգŽһǰ֪˼Űú;ӪʿһԺҲˡ
ĽҶҶȻô˵ˣûˣǰš
ʱҶȻʵ֮ǰΪʲô뿪ǣ
ĽҶҪҶȻǰʲôϾûҶȻѰԽ󣬱Լ֪Ķ˵˳
ĽҶ־ͺԽֱӵìܵƲҶȻץסʲôҪɫԳ֡
ҶȻĽҶͻ˳дۻ˻شá
ԼʮգԽ˳дͬĽҶһȥҶ̫̫
Ҷ̫̫֪Խ󻹻ţǼѣԽҶƵüۣип֡
Ҷ̫̫Ƿ־ͱߵԽ󣬵Խ̫⣬û˵ʲôﻹţǶο塣
һùҶ̫̫ҩȥ˯ˣĽҶԽһԺӣ԰ȥ
ĽҶЩԣʵ磬֪ʥϣᵳӪ˽ݺ˴ΣҶˡ
ԽĽҶֻ뿪ʱĽҶǸСŮѾͤͤˣипǧ
ʣǲģԽ̹ȻˣңһҲ첻£öүæ
ĽҶ˺棬ԽЦЦ
ǰǳһ׮£ү򹴽Įͼı˽̣үһ߿Ҳǣš
ԽүСн飬ϵǰһ죬ͨȥ̼ү޹ģ֤ݸԽ
Խʼţһȥϵ·Ⱦ˼һ߿ڶˣԽŲ˲ԣôڡ
ֻһ£ܰ⵹үϴˢԩ
Խʱո鷿﷢֤ݡԭ־Ͷ˵¡
Įǵ͢ȥղѲ鵽˶ߣɴ޻үʥһֱүɵһͶ⣬ү
ֻԽԵɺϴ̺ո鷿õ֤ݡԽ׶ʥ飬֪¶еʵսң²̫ƽ
ʱ־ҲŲˣԽ󽻳Ųɺ󣬾͸˵ɱԽڡ
Խ֪ԼƵвھǵɴڹײ˾ǲ
ĽҶգĿɿڴһʱ֪˵ʲôá־Ϳ϶Ǿ÷ӣԽҪҷضҲ꣬ɴɱԽ¡
ֻ־ûϵ˼׶ӣ󻹱˼һɱˣ˸³
ĽҶͣ½ŲԽΪʲôĹײֳ¶ŮĹײǿյġ
ԽЦЦһ±һ죬ײͣڳ⣬̧׵ȥ¥ȲЪϢӹײ˳
·ڹײĴʹʹǹײģһ˫Ե۾ڹײôֵĵط¶ҲЦһɡ
ĽҶԽڻû׷ʣֻǸоƺҪɩˡ
Խָ˻ոסĽҶ󣬰ԭոլˣڳǶһƧСլӡ
ԽֻĽҶ͵ſڣлȥˡĽҶıӰĵЦ˳ĸڻˣһˡ


 71 

ĽҶ˵ˮԺ, ЩһֱңҶ
ҶȻҵ˸磬ĽҶΪʲô, ҶȻӸλʲôҲȱ
ǰĽҶȥڸΪ, 뵽ҶȻǸ˿ƵЩˣƵġ
ĽҶڴǰĹңһԿЩǳ, ģ, ϧԷҶȻ
ĽҶƵģЦЦ, ʲôôң
̲ס, ﲻүʼǰﲻͬ˵ֻ˵ĺ, ʵֻŪĸ顱
ĽҶЦ˳, ˡ
ü, ɶô, үҲû˵ҪȢǡ
ĽҶͣߣǰҶȻ˵ȥϺү˵, ¶ˣҶ̫̫ͬ, ˣʮ׵»һϡ
뵽, ⲻҪҶ̫̫֪ĽҶ飬֪Ǻáĸ϶ʧɣҶȻǱߡ
ƼĽҶЩɥΪ˵˵ϣһ˵ĹԪ迴ҶȻʥϴͻ顱
ʲôĽҶ㵣ôܣĹҪҲǸӣ߼޸ĸүôῴҶȻ
ûϵĽҶӦô󣬰Լ֪Ķ˵˳˵ǱգүʤԪͶүˣԸ޸үԽ֮á
ҶȻأˣ
Ŭ봫ԣǰɡܻˣǿ϶ᴫǽ֪
ĽҶ뵽ҶȻ⼸նû￩һ£ֱӳԺӡ
æ˳ȥЩڣôͰֱ˵˳ӦίЩġ
ĽҶȥ˺ԺҶȻȴڣ鷿
ĽҶСڣҶȻʸ˵ҪȢ幫檵Ļ͡
ĽҶСȭͷһġ
ҶȻԭͬʿ̸죬̵ĴҴظˡ
ս鷿ͼĽҶ˹ҶȻһЦҪסͼСصǸˣ
ҶȻ˸ľ£ⶼˣԸ˲ۣסоԡ
ĽҶҶȻһӦƲϵüͷҪȢ
ҶȻʧЦĽҶԼϣҪȢңŰ龭
ԭǰǬڻ鹬˳ʢдʹԪҶȻȽֳϣҶȻȻֻʹƽճ
ϱȽ󣬼ԪǬ۱ļԸҶȻԽ֮á
Ԫ赱ô˵ǬҲֱӷӣҶȻǳ͢سԸ°ǬۼɫǲԸ̸̫¡
ĽҶĿɿڴԹŮףܳ翪ţŮҲֻ˽´飬Ԫ边ҵżǬ۵ҶȻףʵǵס
ҶȻû뵽ĽҶĹעǼԪڲͬգͲҴӦˣ
ĽҶ˻СȣȻԵãӦˣͲͬ˵ˡ
ҶȻʧЦѳˡĽҶ֮ǰǰСȻϲĽҶǰˣ˵ʱ۾ﶼ˼鶯
ҶȻʵЩʹʱĿˣΪĹٻӵܶ޹ʴˣ˵ΪʲôףҪ֮ã
ĽҶתתǰյ£Ǻ͵йᣬµѱˣǸ
ҶȻ˿裬ǣԭеڣļ˰ڱ߾࿪ó׹ؿڣʮа˾ܳɡڵˣ֮ǰȫˡ
ԪһΪŮ֮飬Ҵ£νĲڰˡ
ĽҶ˼Ӧάֱĺƽñ棬̶ԴΪɧŴܱ߾
ҶȻ䣬ɫĺƽк棬Ȼţô˻һټǡ֮ǰĵҪͬڳĿһ£Ϊ˺֮ͷս߾Ϳ̿ڿҰԶֹ߾ļó׹ؿڣ壬Ϊ
ĽҶץסҶȻֱۣЩţʥǾ
ҶȻЩΣʱ壬ʮպ
ĽҶһûзӦؿҶȻȫû뵽Ҫ뿪ǣʱȥ߽ˡ
ҶȻסĽҶսߵҲµģĻܻ;˳һҲܻ
ĽҶŰϵƴɱɫأһԲ
ҶȻ̾ϵⳡ棬ϼٸĽҶģٰοһĽҶ̧ͷ
ãҵĽҶ£·ҶȻֻǳھ˵¡
ҶȻ֪Լ˵࣬ĽҶֻģֻѵʥ˴γҪһֲʲδܾԪ󣬶ֻ˵Ҵȥݽ˷ˣĪ˵©ˡ
ҶȻĽҶͷͷǬԭĴȢ˼Ԫ裬ס֮ͼ֮ˣ㽫ԪնףʱҶȻлˡ
ԭǸϼѵ⣬Ȣ˼Ԫ裬ɾ裬ΪûзֶߡҶȻܣǵüǬ۴ŭ֮壬ȻΪ
ҶȻ֪ԼľܾǵüǬ۴ŭȻĽҶ㲻ȢˣٶĲѡ
ҶȻӱסĽҶΪΥʥܸҪôɣĽʮҺ𣿡
ĽҶ۵׵ǣ˵ͷҶȻΪ߾ΣȥսΪ˶Ů鳤޿䣬Ĳء


 72 

ʮպ, ĽҶǾྩʮľͣսʱڶʿũһڴ˿ֻĵء
ƽ͵, һ½ŵķΧ
ʿɽ£ҶȻһڼװͦ, һӣͳȴʧ, 족
ʿ, ̨ϵţڵ׼˲䱻䣬ʿӭ, һź, ܱʤܱʤ, 춯أư硣
ʽ, Ʈ, ս, ·һϱ߳
ĽҶֻңңţҲӿ, ԾЩսɱУĽʿ
һʱ, ĽҶһԶһһڼװҶȻ
ƽҶȻǴɫĹٷ, һģǴŵɫĻӺݻʳ
ҶȻڼװԵ˷ӢڣӢݵĴ󽫾ơ
ҶȻ߽ĽҶǰʶȤ£ɽСֻ¶ˡ
ĽҶ˼óһСǱ߶ó棬ұ׼Щҩ࣬мȥȽⶾķӡ
ҶȻĽҶƽˮ۾һĨɫһ֪ǵ⼸նû˯á
ĽҶڽС׼ĶҶȻһֱӰ˻
ĽҶЩȣȻɽ·ƫƧˣЩ϶⸽ģҪƿҶȻ
ҶȻ֣Ľģһƽġ
ĽҶһͣЩĵսϵۣ׶ҶȻв
ҶȻִĽҶļϣ۾Ͻд˼ʮ̣ʱ꣬ûʲôˣε岻֮أңµġ
ҶȻ䣬ǧǹ⣬ֻ˿һۣݽȥˣĽҶЩ첻һʧˣĶ
ҶȻϽʱС䣬Ҫûܹˣһͳ˧ֻڴפıӪ˳ᢣô֮ǡ
ĽҶӯӯһЦеĵǵ˲٣ˣҲҪСģȥĶҪŻ
ҶȻԴǳ磬ãҶμĽĶû
ĽҶȥûңǰգȥһƽȥ壬ܷ׻
GأĽҶڻָûҵӰӡ
ƽ󣬾ͰŽҪְƽҶȻûŽ
ĽҶͷһɫƳȹ̫ѵֻ񻨲֦ȹҾǻˡ
ҶȻһЦû£Ȼȥˣ֪ĳģᱣҵġ
ĽҶЩʧ䣬ģȥġ
ҶȻˣĸ⣬һʱҲЩźˣϾĽҶһθ嶫
ҴȥҶȻȡĽҶңö˼ˡ
ĽҶźɻңǹҴģôǽôң»ô㡱
ҶȻսֲǴ桱ͬĽҶ˵䣬һֱԶǣȥ·һүʱˣٲˡ
ҶȻùĽҶСͷһǣ۾һ
˵⻰ҶȻûֱӷȥ֮ǰĴˡ
ĽҶվԭأҶȻӰʧеԶɽ䣬ĳǵضĶ벻ᡣ
ԱߵĻˣͷˣ˶࣬лظ
ĽҶ⣬ն̵
ţͣһβ߰ͷϣ˶ĸ߷壬ţ¿סھǸİսǲԼҵ߲˼Ѽ
ĽҶѾƽʱ⴫ײ
ĽҶһԼһţײˣţϰ˶ϣˣȸɫʱ߲ˡ
ţǰͷһũ帾˺һʮͷкǸ˷ײæȥ쿴ڳмļӼһӼײʮ¶֮ɫҵļ˿Ǯһء
ĽҶϳĳ¶̲ˣ󸾣ǰһֱɫŶӣţȻͿ˹ܼʱֱײϣҼӣʱͲ⼸ˡ
ǸŻȻ򣬵кĶͷôݳģ֮ǰţͦȵģôײ˼ˣү
¶ǸٲǼ£¶һûŹˣǰǶ𣿡
ǸһԭĳײһƤϺõ̴ľģǵţײģȻҪǮˡ
ԱΧ۵İ˽̴ľֵƣǸ˰ţ˶ⲻһС̴ľ
Ǹ¶֮̿ɫүֻͨ˼ң˫ҪмӣĹǰɡ
¶¶ͣǰڰ֣ҲŹǣ仵ˣظܼԻǲ⣬Ĳ𣿡
ĽҶ⿴ȥֻǸƤڣһ֪СкϵǲǸָű̫ܴ
ĽҶԸΪСΪǣͬ¶ǰϳɡ
¶¶Ϊ֮ɫɺǰţ
ĽҶȥȥԺ֧ӡ
¶ϲǸһ֪ƶôҲòʮ⳥ĽҶˣǺðˣҼҹʴȣŷһԺгмҪСġ
ǸСклǸмɫһĻ˲Զϵ
°ͣ˵ռﻹͦƷģʢĹӸ类ײˣû׼ȥСкޡ
ϣ͸Ҳ˸ղһĻǻӰˡ
ĿĽҶ毺ðĲϣôֺҶֶƭˣҲҪϵˣ
ͷô˵ᡱ˵һ룬ĽҶƲ˶˴Ŀ⣬߿æһЦæĽҶ֣չҲģ


 73 

泵ϵҪ˵, ϵĽҶԡ
ĽҶòһЦǵģعҲȥү
Щ, ĽҶôҶȻүתһ룬Ƕ˼Ȥ, ûĥҶã֮ǰ뾩, Ҳˡ
˵, Щܣ֮ǰ˻ҲǺһȥҶȻ, ΪĽҶ, ҶȻ˻ǳ׷ˡ
ȻҲ뵽˻бĽҶһ, صȥҶֵģ
ĽҶ֪飬ֻҶȻĺ, ò, ǵ, ˳үЩҩԷ⡱
һ㵹ͦ£ĵ, һԵȻЩֶΡ
ĽҶ, üͷû뵽ᵱĽҶ棬˵Щ, ϽֱһѣĽҶЦŵЩ鲻ѣչдĪƽϡ
ĽҶҪ˵û£ֿˣ˵ڱҶһߵʮ춼²𣿡
˵һϣ˲ͷϵĺǸ⣬չԲסǺĪϡ˵ոϽóϳ˵ʲô˵Ļ
ĽҶŶ˵ԶȥԺлղŵĻҶȻ˻ˣΪ
ĽҶܾ˻˻ԸѰΪ˱ӵģûȥ
˻ѵΪ˵ҶȻ£
ĽҶ룬ҲûףûжԲ˻ȻָˣһͰ֮Ժˡ
һߵϣʹļףǺͿչͷȥҶǸһ״͹ܵġ
мʲôˣҲƽˣǰģȴתͷһƷĸֶ֦˵á
ûôƫô֪չֶΣҶȶġ
ͷƫһ࣬棬аҪҶȻ֮ǰץĽҶĴҶζ˿ıԡ
ʱţһת۱㵽ǣҶһ¶ڹҶݣ˴о١
ĽҶֻȥᰣ֮ҲҪμǣΪѾȥ˺üˡ
ʱ죬˽죬һ磬᰾ͺĽҶһ˿⡣
üǽǣڿ˾Ÿҹ˵ǵطСȣ˵仰ʹãӵҲ֪ܷͦȥ
ĽҶ֪ʲôйˣƽʱҲͦг緶ģҲˡĽҶ֮ԸЩѶϣǷǲ֣廹ǿԵģϾ߳߸ߵжôҲͦȥ
ĽҶοѾһˣϻضû£־ˣֻῼøõġ
ֿʼĽ֮ٴ񣬡һΣȻʱ⣬϶ܡ
ĽҶͷƿһ˿˼ʮҲûо٣֮ǵڶβμǣûԺҲлᣬģ϶֪£ĵġ
ͣȺӿļҾ졣ֵһĴڿˣ˳
ҵС˺ܿѰ˽֮ǰ֮ɫЩƣģһᰣ۾ˣᰣҿʮа˾ˡ
ϲ⣬ģǵ϶˵ġ
֮ǣסᰵ֣㲻ŲȥʱĶ㣬ҡ
֮仰˵࣬æһʾĽҶԱߡ
֮ſĽҶæɿᰵ֣ҲЩ˼Ҳˣ㳣߶أпճ
ĽҶǰһֱý̫֮ų񿴵֮۶ֻн㣬˳ɼˣ˸˺ãȻ᰸еˣҽվȥţɱҷ
֮ǸŰĽҶⷬȤˣ˵ԼˣĽҶˡ
󣬿ǰȺɢȥ˺һڿô£ôų
Ŀԣƣңȴһ湫ӵģðɫȻ˳̫ˣͶ˯˻
һΣֵܲŸ߰˶ֻ̫ͣˡ
аտнԪ𣿡
ܣһԪʲôģү˵ȥйˣҲãʡܶҡ
˵Ż俴˲ԶǰĽҶͬһ˵ڵûпᰡ
ֻĽҶЦ˵˼仰ˣЩɬ
ֱӺȣҾ˵˰ɣŮӲ֣㿴ҶֲŸߣֳзˡ
һȻĽҶһ˵Цô˵أʲôġ
һ磬粻Ҷ𣿡
һ뻹ǣռҼ֧ģҶֻҶݽμǣӻûʲôĽҶݣѵ˵ĽҶŮӣ
治˵ˣ߰ɣȥţҲϡ
һºڷŰˣ֮ˣǵʮһ˶ϲżնף
գĽҶմӽһ̫̫ԺĽҶȥ˵̫̫Ǳ˿ˣĽҶȥ㡣
ĽҶΪҶ̫̫Ǳߵݣʰ֯ȹ͹ȥˡ
̫̫ͬҶ̫̫˵ҼĲѧһһģǰշŰ񣬿˽Ԫ
Ҷ̫̫ȥͣʮ˽Ԫǰ;
òһЦҶҵĹﲢ뷨֮ǰ̫̫࿴һֱ׼ˣǽˣҲѰˣֻ߸
񣬺ȻһŮȣŮʰ֯ȹüĿ续ʤѩˡ
̫̫Լӿˣ⣬ĽǳԽԽˡ
Ҷ̫̫ҲһЦ⣬Ľȥ硱
ĽҶȣһֱΪ̫̫Ǵ࿴ҶҴ󷿶ĹôĽҶ
ҿ֮ǰĽҶȥҶȻΣѾǻˣĽҶȻ࿴
뵽ĿأԼղŵʧ̬аŮӳòΣˮȥ
ĽҶҲһ죬ΪҶ̫̫ҵݣȻҪһöҶ̫̫
ûǸ࿴ԷҶȻĺѡ
֮ǰ̬ȣȥϵ飬ĽҶܲµʲôˡ
ĽҶͷۣҶ̫̫Ǳߺýֻͣ˵⣬̫̫㲻ҶȻǱҪôͣĻô롣
ֻһ£ƿߣԶأȥԷ
ⳡǶ˺ߣϾ࿴Ҳ˵ģֻɳ
Ҷ̫̫ЦǺǵ˱̫̫ţһѰˣ̣ԼҪȥӡ
̫̫ü𣬡ղǻһ𣬽ѵҳһˣ㻹Ҫġ
ĸǱ̫̫һִģ̫̫ô˵ˣȻ˵ʲôֻӦ

 74 

̫̫һ, ɸ֣ղĽҶʱǾ, װˣ˵ʲôҪߡ
̫̫ѾʮˣĵľĻ, ߣļҹﶼϣڶ, ̫̫ȻҪһˡ
ʷ, ̫̫ĽҶ˸飬˵ò, ˵ƷϼѡǰʱĽҶ¼ľ̫ʹ, ̫̫ǿĽҶˡ
ĽҶֻòЦӦԣ֪̫̫, Ǻ޲ȥҶȻǰһ״ôܿ
úú, ĽҶҪȥ԰տĴ, Ȼȥ, ̫̫Цŵڼо˵뿴벻С
Ҷ̵̫̫, Ľһȥ, úд
ĽҶֻλ˼ҴȰĿ£һԺӡ
һߵ԰ĽҶ̵, ͻǰ棬ʮಽ͵ˣԺﻹе£ˡ
ΪĽҶô˻Ṵû뵽Ȼ˱ӣû˵һ䣬ʹˡ
ѵû
뵽ܣճȭһûпȥˣղ㲻ͦװģھͶֱˣǳдĴ֮
ĽҶֱ뿪ĻЩؾӶҼԷ̣˽ģ
üͷһ壬ȻһĽҶ¶βˣΣҲ֪ܣĴŮӡ
ĽҶ̲סˣʲô˼ҼҹԺã˭أ
˿ĽҶ毺õӣԺãŴЦԺõĹĴӣǰδҲŹ
ޣѪˡĽҶ
ĽҶĿӣιˣۿˣ׶ˣ
֪ĽҶĻأҲòĽҶòʵǳڣһ˫ˮֱֱЩڣƿߣԱߵ
ҶŮɫλᱻԵ
ĽҶһЦӿֻҪƽǵŮӣŮӲ֪ܣ
ȻˣǰŸֵ鷤žͺҶ̸˵ˮʲô
ĽҶһۣ˻㣬ҴӦʾˣ
룬˻û˵ĽҶӦˣûУ
ĽҶ˵ֱ꣬Ӵϵʲô㲻֪飬ƾſıɽһǺҲ²⣬Ĩˡ
ûϵĽҶ˳Լ²㣬Թ˵ϧҪء
ĽҶϻ⻰ôͬ˵ЦһǳҲأȻ˵ӵĴվͻᴫǡ
㡭û뵽ĽҶвôѪˣӲЩ黨ǲݵ¡
ĽҶǳǳһЦƣԼ²㣬Թ˵ϧҪء
û뵽ĽҶ˵ĻԭⲻػҺôһеöˣδЩ˵£㹴һǽڿһ˵˵ЦЦǹ㣬Ŷ֮
ĽҶ֪Ϊʲôôˣ˲ѧ֪ʲôС߼ʣ߼ǡҲ֪һ˫۾
Һҽһڿҽ㶼ܸôࡱ

һ¾סˣȻع·磬Ͱ͵ǣҲ֡
ĽҶͬ˵ֱӴôңһ㲻⣬ҳȥɢҵҥԡ
üҲ˵ʵˡ
ĽҶЦһҲȥ˵˵ӵʵ
δĽҶŮӣԼ²вԸƣҲԡ
ĽҶûôЦĻʲôʱɶˣҿɵġơ
ֻǸ㣬ҳȥԣһۻۣΪ˺򡱡
𺳣СܵĽŮӶҪ˳֪֪ˣձôĽҶһû뵽ԷķӦȫ
㣬㡭˰죬˵һ䣬̫ظˡ
ĽҶЦ˳ǰŲǻͦģֻ˵ôһ䣬ͱϷˣ˵ظ
ظʲôظĽҶ俴һʵ裬Ȼв޲õѰԾˣԳȫԼ
ɫЩڣȷʵôģȻûĽҶԾĵزҲΪΪѡ
ĽҶһ۾Ϳ뷨Ҹ㣬ΣңҶ˫ǵȿ޿֮ˡ
οнԪǰ;һƬãһŮĸ˫˺ˣ˭ʧһĿȻĽҶвҶȻ´ȥҲͰˣҶ̫̫֪ʱ壬һĲˡ
ĽҶⷬ˵࣬ǼӣųǰҴ壬ЩٻӵܶҲǹ˵ЩĽĹټСˡ
ĽҶطһ㲻أֻñȱƻܣɫǺ죬Ҷ̫̫֪㲻֪ܣ֪ˣ϶ڰ
֪ʲô
ĽҶһ˲佩ӲͷҶ̫̫Сļɽ˳
ĽҶֻ׺䶥ĸˣ˵ҶȻˣ
Ҷ̫̫չﳣѼ䣬˭֪չﷴ༥˵һͨ
Ҷ̫̫תת鴮ʲôгСԡ
һ㶣Ҷ̫̫óĽҶشҹ
Ҷ̫̫һۣҼĽóڣЩȻĴ氮Ľ֮⣬ôĽˡ
ҺôҲǰңĸҲʶû뵽죬ЩеĶ
ǳˣҶ̫̫һĻĽҶ˵
ĽҶҲû뵽Ҷ̫̫άĬĬվ̫̫
ʱ̫̫ҴҸΪʲôʲôչȥ԰ôͳˡ
Ҷ̧̫̫֣Ϸô˵ŮɲҺȥ԰ٱһͨ
̫̫Ц׼ᣬᣬзִġ
Ҷ̫̫Ҳˣֱ˵᣿ҵʣʲôӶŮƿڴ
̫̫ɫ˲һۣЩסˣûУĽҶ֪
Ҷ̫̫Ŀɨҵļҷ磬˲֪߳ܣ
̫̫֪˿²׼ҽ᲻ɣҪɳˣɸֵص˵ĶͷչҶ̫̫Ǹ
û뵽ռ£ȴĽҶռϷ磬Զ֣һԲ
Ҷ̫̫ٲһۣ̫̫ɱӵǸˣҶܲ𡱣˵һ֣ͿͣԼĽҶֱԺӡ
̫̫챻ˣ˵㣬úõĳȥ͸ôͳ
ֱĽҶ˵ֻɽһǾУȥϸʱǰҴĿʲô˵ġ


 75 

ĽҶҶ̫̫Ժ, ҪνҶȻĹϵҶ̫̫, 
Ľĺܺá
ĽҶ΢΢ǾȡҶ̫̫ǺҶȻ, ô˵ĺܺá
Ҷ̫̫οˣ͸úݺȥ, һ桱
ĽҶԴ̫̫뷨, ѵ̫̫ûǰ˵Ļ˺ˣ
Ҷ̫̫˿, ǰܾ̫ݶ, 浾磬Ĵж, ǰ㡭
ĽҶɫһҶ̫̫ڰ, , տⷬӦ, ҲףҺͿˣ㲻֪ѾԶһˡ
֮ǰ˵ӿò, Ҳû̫⣬Ϊֻ, ղ֪ĸ̫˽ˡ
ĽҶû뵽̫̫ȫû˽ƽĴྶͥΪǿƶмӡ
Ҷ̫̫ĽҶ֣֮ǰܾҪҸ÷, ҲܷĵȥˣڿĽͷȫƻᱻӵĻɱεģĸ϶ܺõѡģԽҲˣҲûʲô÷²ˡ
ĽҶҶ̫̫ĲԣĸΪҪô˵ûĸָ㣬ĽͿģû׼ʲôء
Ҷ̫̫֪ĽҶǵ뿪Żô˵Ľ˵ⲡҲһˣҲʮˣҲˡ
ĽҶһ⻰ʪۿ˵Ҷ̫̫ĻþòԣҶ̫̫ͷοǸп
ĽҶնҶ̫̫Ժȥչ̫̫ҩţ˵̸졣
ԣҶ̫̫ĲѲ񲻹ƾһţȥſˡ
ºҶ̫̫ҹȥˡ
Ҷ¶׼ɥ£ֽǮԭûʵĺլԺһ㱯˵İɫ
ŲڶĿɥĽҶϣƺд˵ǣģͿ޳ɡĽҶһԲ·ϣȺʹ޸ǵġ
ĽҶ¶һοЦݣû£Ǳġ
̫̫ȥǰһֱ֪̫̫࣬ܲʹĥѾãҹʹߡ̫̫ԣҲһֽѡ
ҶҲ׼̫̫Ѿʮˣܻʮм̫̫ף󣬶Т˳ҲƵһ˳졣
ĽҶþǣҶ̫̫յû˵ҶȻ¡
˵ˣҶ̫̫ӦҲ̫ƽˣƺһ㲻۰ŮҪ޸Ʋϵӡ
˵ûҶ̫̫ͬ˵ǷָĽҶҪ˼뷨Լ
ĽҶ˼⣬ѵֻΪļ仰Ҷ̫̫ͻȫ࿴
õĳҡҷĽҶǰ˼׷ɣĸȻ˵ΪԼֺԥۺʱĸĺãǰ·ƽ
Ҷ̫̫ĽҶסںᴥ˻˳ȥԽͬס
Խָ˻׼٣ϰ䣬䣬أϣаεͷ
ʱתܿ쵽˺ĽҶ¿Խ轣µϰԽĽˣˮ硣
һ׽ԽĽҶнӹɱںˮŵˡ
ĽҶһ㶣ˣ
ԽԴ˻ڹʱ㳣㡱
ԭԽĽҶڸУΪΪҶ̫̫ȥ˻صȥ˽С
ĽҶһЦлл硱ŲػԼԺӡ
ɫȹĽҶЦӯӯ˵糤ÿɿˣ书ģ
̳ʱĽҶڷɥڼ䣬ûȥμӣǶºһμ棬ĽҶüģ㶼ˣҸ磬Ϊ֪׼Ҫˡ
̺˿ڲ裬ǳˣһҪöأ綼ʮˣ𣿡
ĽҶһͽ̴һǼá
˺һСʵ֪Ǳߵս½ˣ
ĽҶ˵ͷʧ䡣
̸пҸ˵˭ûϵҶȻ¾Ϳ壬ʥսҶȻñ˫ȫ
ĽҶͷԴܵİͼ͢Ѿ˹Աǰȥ߾İٲ˵ɧˡ
̿ĽҶϵ飬ֻϧǱ壬ŷܸԵţҶȻ԰ʦسʹͼӷ⣬ֻͣشȥѹˡ
ĽҶýЩЦʲôֱʣʲô϶ҵ
̺ٺһЦĽҶȻǲǡϻͻˣֻǱдˣû׷ʵס
ĽҶ۽޶˶ǵġ
в²⣬һӣѲ豭ײ
Ľ治ҼŮתתܵġ
ĽҶʲôݣ
ĽҶ֣۾ģҶȻµ֣㿴ˣʹһƲߣȻ󡭡
ĽҶЦã˵ôţȻȻˮɡ
˷ܵش˴֣Ľ԰ѳ˻ôҶȻ˽ʲôģ᲻Ằ㡭
ĽҶϽס̵ͣͨ죬ҲûйأϹ˵
һ־Ŀ⿴ĽҶü飬ʱһ˵˭ԳΪľ裬û뵽Ľ㵨ôΪ˰Ҳں
ĽҶü΢ǱûѪԵϵοڹ̵ҶԪˣϵԶˡ
̵ͷ׻ϵҶȻı㰡Ӧ̿϶ΪȢ㡱
ĽҶͷ𣿵ʱֻǳһû롣
˺ü裬ûƽֲõʱҽǲ٣һΪҶȻвˣ㵱Ȼ֪ˡ
̴յĽҶǰĽô֪ģ˵˵
ĽҶԭҶȻȥ̣ʱزıУôһ֣˲٣ΪأϾҺ˵ˡ
ôᡱЦӯӯΪͦõģٺһ
ĽҶʽڻֱˬ㲻׷ҶȻ£ĽҶԦ֮
ȥ󻹸ĽҶ˼飬ĽҶ飬ʧЦóϧҶȻʱڻز
ѩ׷ɣĽҶڴߣͷδüͳȥƽϣҶȻƽ
ʱţѹ֮սһ꣬ڵڶʮ£˽ݱѾҶȻʦسյִﾩǡ
һ֪ϢĽҶһֱŵڷȸԾڴҶȻĹڡ
ྩмĽҶʮ죬ҲûٽϢ
գдҶ٣ĽҶȽ֮ǰ硣
ϯϵĶĽҶϤҶҵݣţĽҶҶ˵Ҷ˽ĿĴѰһڿĽҶ
ĽҶѰ˸ڳӣŲߵС԰ȥһƬ÷


 76 

ĽҶѩĵ÷, Ц⣬˼֦ȥƿ
ĽҶѡź÷, ûԼԽԽƫƧҪ÷ȻһЦ
ôöѰ, ǲԵŮˡŮģƺ޴⡣
Ŵһӵ, ô, ￴㿴ýҽպòײѰ, ں, Ѿ߸ͨ籨š
űһĽҶ÷Ķһͣ, ѩصģ⻨԰˽᣿
ĽҶ˼, ּɽһª, Ǹ֮ǰŪݵס, ʧˮӱ
ԽԽ죬ĽҶһʱ, ǰ಻סģԼֻһ, ֪˭ˣȥ
ĽҶ߽ɽʯ϶￴ȥ, ֻһɫۣŮ󾱣ŮЦתͷ˵䡣
ĽҶԲǰһĻ
Ů糺죬ϵȹ΢΢ңѩףü۾ҶЦ
ĽҶȵҶЦȻƽｿЩôͿڻ԰˽ᡣ
ҶЦȻ֪ˣ˫ӵļͷ˵䣬һ̽תŵϣԹԵؿʼ⿪´
տʼĽҶòУתʱĽҶϳˣ뿪ġ
ĽҶָ侲˲²⣬֮ǰ뿪Ľסںӽܾ󣬾תԸҶЦˡ
ҶЦųᣬƽҲӴУһ±㱻뿪ĵһֶκסˣƭ
ĽҶüȽ֪ҶЦⷬ£֪ҪʲôҶЦţҲ֪˻ᴳʲô
ĽҶ䣬ǻɫɴѾȥĻĽҶٿȥ˽Ų
ĽҶһȥһϤ
Ľʲô
ҶȻһīɫۣ˽糾ͣӢ˲Ӣ䡣
ĽҶϲ˵ҪղŵҶȻôͻˣҪ˵ﴫ졣
ĽҶ˲ͨ죬ΪʲôεĳҶȻѽͰ͵ֻ·
ҶȻü΢šһǾͣȥո֪ĽҶҶָ˹ɿȥѩϵĽӡѰ˹û뵽ĳ
ʱִ뿪ĵŵҶȻɫһһСʯͷȥϵһɴɱϡ
ɱӦѣڵϣ̶뿪˲ϵ󺰣˭˭
ҶȻƬδţüְĽҶס۾һʯͷȥֱӴϡ
뿪ĺҶЦ׻񣬻Żŵؼ·ҴϣҲϸ˭£æһȥ
˰죬ɽѾûҶȻûаǰÿĽҶҪڣһȵǱ
ҶȻǵּ˱Ǵ꣬ĽҶֱȥ
Щ࣬ҶȻõͷ̫ۣɴĽҶѹڼɽϣصȥס
ĽҶСԴεģȫҶȻǿڴ쵴ȴҶȻĹԽԽͣ·ҹͻץСӣ޲ýȥ
ҶȻɿĽҶֻԼˣȾһƬҺ죬ˮ⡣
ҶȻīĽҶҪǿƵԺֳ棬࿴߿
ĽҶ֪ҶȻǲ뿪ĲŴƣֻǺ棬ûϸҶȻ񣬰ѻȥ
ղŵҶȻ̫ˣһҲû֮ǰᣬҪƵģĽҶЩµҧ˺üڵĴ꣬ίؿҶȻһۡ
ȻҶȻ̷ȥ鿴ĽҶĴǣǲ̫ˣûҧ㡱
ĽҶƲƲ죬ʹأôһ۸ҡ
һĽҶ̬ҶȻ֪ûд󰭣գ̫ˣ̲סģսһ룬ûһ첻㡱
ĽҶغˣ͵͵̧۴ҶȻˣˣݻһĿʣ֮ǰӢ䡣
ҶȻ۵׾ᣬĽأ𣿡
ĽҶû뵽һֱͦҶȻȻô˵黰Ҳˣסֱۣ˵ͷ
ҶȻֱһͣüЩʹɫĽҶϽſֱ֣ôˣˣ
ҶȻЦЦ˿С˶ѣġ
ĽҶȴţҿô˵ģǲ˵úأ
ҶȻû˵ǣסĽҶҪҲ￴˵˵ǣĽҶ߳˼ɽ
ǰ˼ҹѩҶĺǽ϶˰ѩװع
˵ŻȥĽҶһСıʯӰһ£ˤ
ҶȻۼֿؽסͷһǣôôģҲڵʱǲǾˡ
ĽҶͷҲûôءǼҶȻ̫ϲˣûע¡
ʱ
塱ҶݴӶԺܳĽҶ˲ˣѰ÷԰ȴҶȻĽҶǣ֣ܣֹǡ
ǣǾȻҶݻʮ꣬δܹ˴ĳ۾дţŶǣһ֡
ĽҶЩΣ֣ȴҶȻס
ҶȻ·ûпҶݣĽҶ££µڣᣬԺţҪഩ㡱״ط˷ĽҶϵĺ
ĽҶתתЩ˼飬ҶȻʾȨ
Ҷܲ˶֮ĺˣ̲סʣĽôܡ
ҶȻĿתҶݣɫ֣ҲøĿˡ
ҶȻ΢΢üݣ
²ҶʹÿװһĽҶҲˣҶȻҪ֮¹֮ˣ
ҶȻѹȣĹԺģԺ湧Щ˵գûҶһۣĽҶֱ˳д
Ҷһ𾪣һֱΪԼЩĽĽҶӵܣôҲû뵽ȥֻȥ£ͱԼȵˡ
Ҷݻǰ£ԽԽòԣĪʱͶĽҶ˼ˡ
ҸղҶȻ̬ôȻһûҪͬ͵˼Ҳûֶδ޵Σ·ĽҶˡ
Ҷ˷ŭ׾ĽҶлԼ
Ҷݺ޺޵ǰԺȥͲ̫ү¡


 77 

, ĽҶԾδعҶȻ̹Ȼ̲סʵ, ᲻᲻̫ѽҶ߳ŭû׼Ĵ֮£ܻǵ
ҶȻȴĽҶ˼, ʲôõģ
ѵ˼ң㻹ޱˣ
ĽҶһ±סˣɵ۾ҶȻ, Щ
ҶȻģ, ֪ûǵһ㣬, , Ҷʮˣ㻹Ż𣿡
ǰѻ¶, ֻ뵽ĽҶʱСסˡҲʮˣҲСĽˡ
ĽҶ, С֬, ˼֮ǰҶ̫̫, ̫̫Ѿȥˣ˵Ӧûй˼ˣ뵽Ҫ֮¹֮, Щ
ҶȻĵģ, Ҿ˵һġ
ĽҶ̾Կηڿ, ôֹסЩû¶ҶȻЦЦűȥֱϵ˿ڣʲôʱ˵ģ
ҶȻϣϸ£ǱˣҽСֲŰôš
ĽҶţֻǲˣղҶȻֱۣôôۣС俴˿ȻɴϿ˵Ѫ˵ôˣ͸լˣαôżѰҡ
ҶȻĽҶôԼ۽Ц⣬ⲻ𣿡ŵͷԸǽεĴꡣ
ĽҶԼҶȻ˿ڣԹҶȻȡ
֮ǰڼɽļУҶȻδݶˣϺõǺֽīˮ繡
죬ҶȻͣĽҶ̸о;еļţؾ;УЩ鱦Ϻ解֮ģȹʵ˾ǣҾ͸ȥ
ĽҶصͷЩʯҶȻûˣƽˡ
ҶȻֱֱԼǻϲ̲סԴһ׼һݴ񣬲Ҫղ͵ҡ
ĽҶʵʲôѽϺ觻ϡ𣿡
ҶȻЦֻȻ֪ˡ
أĽҶһ˺ģҶȻҪ˵ףҶȻ΢΢һЦⲻ˵
صոԽҶȻһſĽҶĵ˲²⣬ӭҶȻȥǰ
Ŷ˱ӰĽҶ߷ߵ꣬ҶȻԶţȻ磬ȫˣȻǲʲô
һߣд鷿ϺүƷ裬ҶݴףԥŸôڡ
ҶݿĽҶҶȻ꣬ŮӣȻ޼ɣϾδǵŮʿ϶ҶȻףƭĽҶ
ձĽҶֱԾܾҶݷĽҶˣȴδõźǣֿɵãȴٲ֪¶
ЩӣҶݳεĽҶһ뵽ĽҶһջˣӷεܡ
ҶݼϺүǰ𴩶֮£Ҳ˼ϺүĽҶĿϺүǨŭĽҶƷвˣҪȢˡ
ϺүҶݼҴһԲ̹ݣҶһ̡
ڰݺύҶǹҶ֮£רģУһӾ̽䡣
Ϻү۰׺ӣݣʮˣԻ̫꣬ĿǳռϷģȴɣˡ
岻곤꣬ȴˣ·ꡱ֪Ѿڻؾ;УϺү̲סһ죬
ҶȻ˴γɹѹѾսպգؾʥϼ͡
Ҷȴ⻰̼ˣξͲҶȻˣٲ᲻֪ܵضδ֣һ֮£Ѹղڻ԰ļ˵˳
ȻҺĽҺĽ׾лԼĸǰµģôˡ
ҶһڱЩڣֱԣϺүĽҶӡ󲻼ѣ뵽ĽҶҶȻʱĽ֮飬ҧҧ˵ȥϧѾȥ̫̫
Ҷ˵ֻ꣬ó죬ڴؿϺүŰϺүһݺݳҶ˰ɣû׼᲻ҶȻҶţʱԳûȥĽҶġ
ϺүգʲôӦüͷҲûһ£˵ĽͲӦˣҪɳ𾴣ȷʵ̫׵Ժټ棬򲻿ðʧ
Ҷݱȸղڻ԰ײҶ˸ˣ˰Żع游֪ǵ£ϺүĽҶ˼Ƕ˻Ѿˣ
ϺүЦŵ˵ͷһԵľҶȻˣӣСʱûܸΪѣʱǱݣ˲ٿͷ
ҶȻȥϽӾҲһΪؾϺүΨһĵľĻ£ҹ嶼뽫ŮҶȻҶȻȴΪ⣬ȫ֮⡣
ҶȻˣصͬͨϺүʲôģֻŶճס
Ҷû뵽Ϻү֪ˣҶȻоĽ֮ǰлԼᴫҶҵЦ
Ϻүڰ֣ĽĻԼֻ̫̫ͷ˵ģûɣ㲻
Ҷݲģ磬ĽľˣûѪԵ״ܷϡ
Ѿ̵үүˡҶ˵ô࣬Ϻүʲô׵ģʵ
ǲǾˣ
Ҷݴ̣û˵Ϻү̬Ѿó˴𰸣ѵ
ʱҪ˻飬̫̫ȰٴΣ㻹Ľ⸱Թ˭ȡ
ҶĻس鷿ضŵ棬ײϵԲ
Ҷʲôû˵뿪ˣĵȴòϺүǶԵģ֮ǰĽҶζʾãΪϵѩ濶һٶ
ⲻ֪飬۾ţӶ
Ҷ̲ס룬һʼúôĽҶ᲻ѾԼˣĽҶҲÿҶȻְĽĿ⣬
ҶԽԽƣȫԼޱһ޴ɷƵػԼԺӡ
պĽҶյҶȻ͸ҶȻױ鱦޶Уȥո
ƺôʯþ棬ĽҶѼӷһ飬ȴʧҶȻ˵д𣬿ŶЩ鱦ûʲôϡġ
쵽ʱĴ̫轳ŽӵոſڣԽĽҶһۣԲ֪ν£ӭ
ɫЦ棬֪ȿԴȥһ죬Ǹˣչʥּ
ˣʵگԻ֮ŮĽҶغع£а̫֮֮ãָƽ˾顣մˡ
ĽҶԽһƽ
轿ɻ󣬡Ҷոйִѹң糯ʥѷҶΪƽ
˵пǧ糯ʥֵټҶȻҪʲôʹͣû뵽ҶȻûгô˻ΪԼͼıһʥΪͻ飬ԷʲôŮֻһƷٵŮ
֮ˣȻҶȻϵˣʥϿҶȻ뽫ҶȻҶȻȴ³ֱ֪ͨҪȢĽҶʥȻ÷˰֮⣬ּȫ˶ˡ
תһ룬ҶȻ躹֮ߣѾսպˣŹʥϲ¼ɣȢŮӣʥϷˣϣ޹֮ġ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬳Ѿת˺ü䣬ʱԽѾˣ̰ѳȲ裬ȥ׼졣
ĽҶԭأ֮ǰҶȻ˵˵һ䲻ǣʱֻΪҶȻһ˵û뵽ģʥּȻ˸ҷˣֻöɲŮòһԡ
лҪ˵ˣʵگԻ֮ŮĽҶغع£а̫֮֮ãָƽ˾顣մˡ԰ٶȡ

 78 

ʥϴͻϢܿ촫, ҶȻΪ䶯
ϾҶȻսպգӹٷǳ£ҶȻȢĽҶ˵, ־ʱһƷĹ֮ŮҲֻĽҶĸ˫, Ψһĸ޹ְĽҶʥϴͻƽ
оͷ汾ԣ˵ҶȻ֮ʥͻ, Ϊ龩;, ˵İǰо綾, ȫ·ĽҶֻش, żһҶȻм, ֪ĽҶδ䣬Ա֮
ո, üɫذתһ, ĽҶ̲ס, ʲôϹ˵İɡ
ô˵ˣⶼԶ¥¥, ༸˵
˵ʶΪҶȻһɽˮģ˵ʵ书, 洫ķؼҶȻȢΪѧؼ˵
ĽҶ˵, ÿ汾Ϸԣдɻӳ棬û׼ԱȷĻûá
ô汾УЩҶȻֶδ޵ԵˣԶԽͯŮԵĹ¸Ȥ
ĽҶ֪ЩԿ϶ҶȻųģΪľǽ˵עת˵ĹϣȻͺ˶֮ǰǾ˾˺ŮĹϵ
˵ÿڸ裬Ľĸ汾ӽࣿ
ĽҶЦЦôʼǸжİ汾ûͦģϾɽҶȻȻ֣ҶȻ϶ҲƲߡ
̺;￴ֵİһ񫣬Ҷ˵Ļ»Ǻڴġ
֪ķСⲻ飬ߵذฮԺĽҶ
ԼƽԼΪһȣֺģξȻ˵Ĳǣ˵ʲôɽ˵ġ
̲ס˭֪ϲҶȻŹ㡱
ĽҶգûرȣԤϵЩĽҶȻĸŹŮ΢ʣҲֻܱ˵˵ˣϼǹģҵδ
̼ĽҶƽ̾ĽеˣңΪЩ·ġ
ĽҶһæױҿ֪㵱ʱΪʲôôˣҲ̫ˡ
ݣҺôаʱ׼¾Ҫɻ飬ڲſʼ壬ȷʵЩ
˵ҶȻΪʲôôĻƵкü££¶кüӣƫƫġ
ĽҶ֪ǹȤһۣΡ
˵˲پǽ£صѾһĽϴθǼ̫ƽˣⱾԾʡ
ĽҶһ¾ʱˣͿذǻӰҶȻ
ĽҶܾͼ̼ææˣĽҺͻΪԼӼˡ
ĽҶǱװĲӣ鸴ӣ̾ǰƽⱾжš
˼ĽҶǴǲӣûۣغˣŽľ
ܿ㵽꣬ѩ׷ɣĽҶһκԽһ꣬Ǹ֡
˼ձԪڣҶȻոſڣĽҶ˳
ȥƺͽֵξɱ³ĽҶҶȻ͵ΣǾô۽硣
ĽҶѡҡŲ
ͬһ֯ȹŮһ󣬼ҶЩ⣬Ҷ֣ΪӪء
ҶȻһûĽҶˣղżѡʱﻶȸԾϲҡϱˣɫԪѽڣұӪ˼١
ĽҶһֺۣܿƿߣҲóΡ
ƴĽҶһˣĽҶδƽ̫ȤˡҪ֪ҶȻǳΧ׷½أ˿ΪˣĽҶöرҶȻŻصȥʥּ
ʱƹ˹˵¥»ʽ̵Һչһȥɡ
ĽҶûжȻϴǷִ󣬲֪̫̫ϣвûгȥԣĽҶܾ⣬һȥˣû׼ҶȻʲô
ȴʮ飬ĽҶ֣һȥ˶¥
һߣȻ̲סˣȻ֪ʥּ£˻°϶ˣǾܣҶ֣Ϊȥʥǰʥּ֪ıԣ
ҶȻÿЦݵɨһۣˣԣѵ
ҶȻʶüˣƽĽ飬ڵҶ֣ѰŮӴϲ⣬̰Ľ󣬾һʸȨƣôģ
ҶȻɫ֣ȿϵ
һҶȻӾȻŮӶ飿
ѵĽҶˣ֮ǰȥ˻˻Ҳ˵ĽҶֱӾܾΪĽ̤
ԸԼĴ󣬰ԼЩĵ鶼˵˳Ҷ֣֪Ϊ
һׯƹ϶ֱӷŻ˼ҵĿⷿˣƹȥźԩҲûãֻþټ뿪˾ǡ
ҶȻ˰죬תתİָġ
ȣֵ֪һγǱɽ˰ȥ
ˡҶȻˮ˵֮ǰĻԵĽҶᵽǴΰܣǶˡ
Ҳʥ飬û뵽ѧоͷҵδʲôƷĺܣ˵һĲǣݹҲ
ҶȻĻһɫһ죬ڻʲôҲû˵
ĽҶӶ¥ȥֻҶȻڴǰѾӰ²˵ʲô
ĽҶҶȻɫСޣ˵ˣܱҶȻʺá
Ǵκ࿴̫ŵģȲ֪ĽҶѵʱ¶˵һ飬ҲǹģԲѷҲŻؾġ
ĽҶΪӰ˶˹ϵҶȻá
ҶȻ˵꣬üͷһ壬ʵȥ࿴ˣ
ĽҶ̧ۣЩ֣ص㲻
ҶȻ˫Ŀһ˿ãĽҶæͣȥ֮ǰ֪ȥ֮ż̫̫ġ
Ҫ֪࿴ҿ϶ȥġҶȻԽԽɫĽҶ̫̫ʱ£ֱܲˡ
ҶȻʵˣ
ĽҶֻ²ϽסҶȻֱ۲˲䣬ûûУʱңұ԰ҪصˮԺˣңҲ̲סġ
ҶȻü΢˼ĽҶСԴúã˾͸
GĽҶûϵҶȻһ㲻ĺֵܣ˿ɫپ࿴£Եġ
ԪڵҹַǷĽҶӵƸ˵عӣµգҶȻһڴϿõ̻
һߣһӾͼڶ¥ȵİϡ
æǰҲһͺȳˡ
Ʊȣߺȱû뵽ҶһĲǶȥҡ
ҺʶˣΪһŮ˺ַĽҶһ
ΧԶ˹Ͻס죬ôˣ֮ǰͺ˵ĽҶִȥˡ
ɫͨ죬ŨôͲ˵ˣô˵Ҷ־ˣҲң
ִ󣬽ʰӾ¥˳֣̲ס
ΪʲôһֱĽҶΪҶ治֪˼𣿡
ֱǽϣʲô˼ʲô˼
ΣղҶְҽйȥĽҶ¡
ƿߣҲͺһܣʲôġ
濴źֵܰ죬ЦЦ㻳ʲô˼ԼҾȰһ䣬ˣֵҶǣĲ㡱
ԭ޵ɫһƽˣԴŵ棬ܡ
˼ù⣬ϸֺڰڶӻµصļ¶˵İ⣬ԼҲƭȥˡ
лҪ˵һд飬ĩӦþᡣ

 79 

³ת˲㵽, ĽҶ֪Ǽǽţżնû˯ãǰһշת, ʱ˯⣬û˯þͱϲŽ, ױˡ
ĽҶԺһӵСѾ߽ææ⣬ϴ, Ÿ, ױ
ϲǾǵĹٻ˼ҳȥչӵģϵ, źü֬ˮĽҶĨ
վһ, ̲סڣ, ױ᲻̫Ũˣ
ϲЦǺǣô޹, ôױ, ôϲ, Ҫľϲ족
ĽҶ˸Ƿ۾ӣЩģ, ֻһ£ͷ, ȷʵϲ졣
һ㴫ӭ׵ҶȻһϲ, ϣźƺƵӭ׶飬ո⡣
ĽҶȴԽԽˣͷķڣſױ̨˯ˣƺϽԼҹ򲻿Ҫĳϳ
кͷţ˭Ҳ֪̬ΣĽҶôԺظԽ˻Ρ
ȵҶȻ¿ĸۡƽ͵ĽҶһ˿ʵС
ҶȻףҶȻǻᵽϡϺүҶص˵Ҷͼ˵Ц
һڴؼ޽˳дͷʱֻҶݵһд˲Ը
ĽҶϲŷŽݣعﲻǳдһҪ޵ˣҲǳҶݣѡҶȻ
أĽҶҶȻǣŽ··װε¸ûʣ¸ţĽҶһֱŵĺȻͷˣƽֻҶȻûдЩ£һɺܶࡣ
ĽҶ˼δһȻͷ㱻һһĽҶ̧ۣҶȻ˫ӣһ˫Ưĳᣬ
Ů쿴ŶŨŨĶӣ壬벻ҶȻʧ̬ȻӿҪнˡ
ĽҶæͷ˫һȣֻǼ»졣
ǺȺƣǰĽҶЩģ֪Լ᲻ϴǰƺʧ̬ŷǾƺܵҶȻصذŵġ
·ֺһҶȻȥǰԺˣŮҲɢȥˣĽҶڴأ˿
ĽҶʼժͷϳķڣƺæǰһæ
˶˵ʳ
ĽҶֱɵϣˣҺ
ƺһۣһүˣ²á
òĽҶشǰһԼҹﾹȻѾ˯ȥˣۼˡ
ǰչŵ˯ţôˣ
ҡҡͷǰû˯ãôڣôġүԺӣѹҲ١
ҶȻսΪƽ˼Ҷύ֮ǰΪҶȻʣһֱѰᡣ
ҶȻ飬ȻҪͣͷ˼Ҷ˺񣬴ϲӣҶȻȻܷǵӣžƱһһ˹ȥ
ʱ֣ɫȥҶȻˣӿŲԺȥ
ԺͬѾ̸죬ҶȻˣһȾҪ·ȥ
վסҶȻϳĽҶѾߣʵȥʲôǲˣ
ԼҹѾ£Ҽүˣǰȥһ
áҶȻ󲽳·ȥǶȥɡ
ƺһۣЩսľ̰˯ղ֪ôˣ˯˺üʱûѣҲ֪үηӦ
ҶȻ·žߵǰ㿴Сϲˣ˯㡣
ҶȻʧЦֲѾ߼ôš
ĽҶһͷ˿ɢڴϣĵʤѩ֦ͷŵһֻߢ
ҶȻᶯ˶Ϊ˳ռ˺ü죬ղǰԺͶˣԼСû뵽ĽҶãѹû·ϣ׵վͶɷ˯ˡ
ҶȻɫǰŵԼŨصľŲһתȥ˸ԡ
ĽҶ˿֪Σձƽ˯㡣деɭ֣ѩ׵С䱼Ϸ
Ȼߴ˳ˣﻹųԵСӻ
Сӵˣͣܣݵأɽܲˣ˶ɽ
Сۺͨͨģ¼ˣ˷Ź
ӢЦЦԵûɱСãÿոˮİײˣпɿڵˣССܲ
Сͷģ˳εС飬ÿЦϣԵõСܲ
һգɽܲСӺ¼ˣˣСȥҪ뿪Լ
˿ѹֵ̲סˣͳ˷ԵһѴСƬѩ׵С
Сͺڣ;´һ̵ʹУԵ˺ѷΰܡ
ĽҶξŵˣŴ˯ȴʹʵġ
ĽҶ۾ҶȻīСӿ˿ҶȻֿ˿£һ
ĽҶع̿ʼҶȻȥ۰ȥ
ҶȻȴˣƽһ˿ԣĽġ
ĽҶڵһºˣ꣬ͷȥҶȻ
ҶȻѾʼһˣУּƷõСӣ֭եúܡ
һĽҶ±ִһʹƿҶȻȴĿ࣬ȫĶ֡
ĽҶίؿ˳̵һһҶȻ˵˲۸ģôۣȻͣ
ĽҶԽԽҶȻһˣĽôˣ
أ˼ôˣĽҶĨĨᣬҶȻ
ҶȻ񽥽˵Ůڵһҹۣû뵽ĽҶôۣĽ̾͹ȥˡ
ĽҶոСȥĿִҶȻæĽҶĽԲ̫ˣոҲ̲סġ
Ȼ˵ԵѾˣСӻǲģҪȥ
ҶȻȴһζˣĽⱾǷ޼Ҫ£ۣҿЩ㲻ܶ㿪
ĽҶĹģҲܳ˯ŵʱ۸ѽѹʱʹ¡
ҶȻıǼ⣬㲻Ҿ˯ȥˣ˵˵Ҳ㣬ǲǾֱ˯죬ɻء
ĽҶ˵䣬ȴ·ȣӲĽҶһ죬˸ղһ⣬֪ʲôˡ
أҶȻ̫ˣԭǴΣѾô˼
ҶȻϣȻܲĽҶĲһһӡǡ
ĽҶǵøղŵĴʹż䣬ҶˣүҶˡ
ĽҶ˵꣬СϵؽҶȻüģεؿԼСӡ
ҶȻѹ۵׵ȵſڷԸѾ׼ʳԼֽһȥϴ衣
ͳʳĲ񣬶СѾߣĽҶû⣬һ춼ûԶڿϮ˵棬ȻǺشá
ҶȻʱĽҶԵҶȻԱߵϣ״Ե㣬ʡһû
û
ĽҶһµɵԲԲģҶȻողѾóΪʲôҪ۸
ҶȻһ۱㿴뷨С棬˻һھģСӵˣȻҪԸĨ
ĽҶԺúҶȻѾȥһˮĽҶ֣Ѿ߰ϴҲý׹
ҵôˣ𣿡ĽҶ˵ž·źױ̨ȥеԼŵú˼
ϲ֪ϲͿ˶ˮۣ׵ÿ£ִ֬ͨͨӣոֿˣϰ׵ĺĶУĹ졣
ĽҶȻرԼòҵİ֮Ļеģ»֮ҹҪԵҶȻ
ĽҶùϴϵˮ۲һɶòСѾߴһˮϴϲƽİӶˡ
ҶȻߵ󣬡ˣѾɾˡְϴߡ
ĽҶк֣Ͼ͸濴ϲŸױģҲǵģôһ¡
ҶȻĽҶͷϿͦÿģֻ
˵ˡĽҶ鸴ӣղҶȻȻû⸱ŵǣɼΡ
ҶȻû뵽һױĽҶֲܳһˣﶼױҲͽ»ôװ磬պϲ㻯Щ
ĽҶҶȻϣͷЩոǲǾر󣿡
ҶȻʧЦСʲôʱ
ĽҶصЦ͸ոҿ޵ʱ򡱡
ҶȻ룬ʱֻĻóֻǺʱױŨЩųѵġ
ôᣬҵĽôҶȻ繣йƻĵζŵͷֱӺס̺Ĵ꣬жֱӻش
ҶȻᣬĽҶز硣ղҶȻʱżˣһУ˼ƻ
ȻһҶȻͷſȥԱߵĳ
ҶȻóһӣĽҶֻЩ죬ּҶȻóһƤޣһӡ
ĽҶԭȻһͣûǴƤ޺ӣϴʱ۸ҶȻõġ
ҶȻ۵׺ЦߵĽҶǰ˫һƤޣ˦˦
ĽҶСֲԾץס£µʿˮȻ磬㲻Ҫ۸Һ𣿡
ҶȻЦһʱСӰʱƤҪôãСѾߣôܷŹ


 80 

ĽҶҶȻеһ, Ͻסֱ۲˲䣬ү, ԲҪ𣿡
ҶȻüһЦĦƤޣÿɷ
ĽҶЩ, ԴҶȻĻүҶ, 㲻Ҫ, Ҫñӡ
ҶȻü΢̧ĽҶ°, ɫ, ҵģ
ĽҶҶȻЩɶæصͷ
ҶȻƤ޷, ȥơ
ĽҶͷһߵϷһƺƱ, ̰Ѿƶ˹, ҶȻһ
ҶȻһվƱ, ĽҶ׹ҶȻҪȺơ
ĽҶ֣ողѾȹ𣿵ûп, ԹԵذѾƱˡ
ĽҶʱŷ˲ԣղźȵĺƺܵ, ڵⱭȴңζء
ĽҶһھͲˣҶȻѾ, īɫֱֱؿĽҶһҧȥ
ҶȻ۽ǴЦ΢ԡ룬⣬ҿ¡
ĽҶһȷʵҪչɷģվߵҶȻǰʼ¿ۡ
ҶȻţȷֿĽҶվ֮䣬üؽӡ
ǾȷʵңĽҶѾԽԽ죬СҲʹҶȻ˰죬Ҳû⿪ӡ
ĽҶֵʮδҶȻϷʱҶȻ̲סˣһץסϸ󣬹ող˵ôӶ첻
ĽҶ˫糺죬۾ɵģ켱ˣڽˣôⶼⲻ
ҶȻǴЦĽҶû£ҽô⡱˵մᱧĽҶ󲽳ȥ
ɴȥסӰϵ˫򣬰죬һһ䡣
ڶʱҶȻ糣ˣԼﻹиˣ۽ǲԾشЦ⡣
ĽҶȻۼˣ˯ںڵ˿ڼϣհʤѩļǵǺۣȫĶµĺۼ
ҶȻɫԾذ֣ĵСģǲĳ
ҶȻԶĵ뿪ˡ
ҶȻ󣬷ԸſڵѾ߲ҪȥĽҶúϢ
ѾȻǶҶȻΨǴӣ˼չҪȥǰ裬һһֱ˯ûѣҪϲˡ
ʵîʱ˻ǽ·ҪĽҶŵŵҵۣб˺Ĵ£ɫһ죬ߵߣˡ
˼䣬ĽҶзӦˣһ䣬Һˣˡת泯࣬˯˹ȥ
ƶһۣЩɬɫԽԽ׳ŵ˼䣬ڰĽҶˡ
ĽҶ˯죬СѾɫЩȻԼĲӣֵͷȥԼϵĺۼߺűӸɴ˽ȥ
Ȱ˺һĽҶ̵سѾϴ£֪ԼҹƤʲôҲû˵ֻظɻ
ʰӣȻƼһӣ֣ıӣ
ĽҶһǱӣЩ飬óȥһ䣬öȥ
񲻸ʣ̰ѱóȥӵˡ
ĽҶ״˿˰Ŷ˼Ҳˡ
ҶȻֻʼóƤޣѹûˣĽҶȻˣҶȻһʼûƤޣǹŻġ
ĽҶʱôһ¾ͻˣûϢҶȻŹȻҶȻûƭ˸տʼЩۣ㡭
ĽҶԽԽ죬ʱҶȻ꽣ˣĽҶǰûж꣬ϲԾشЦ⣬һţ
ĽҶһۣƫһߣ
ƺһҶȻүô档
ҶȻȴΪ⣬ĽҶ࣬ʵô˯һ˵𣬻һֱҡ
ĽҶ۾ɵԲԲģæסҶȻͣôѾ߶ڣô˵
ҶȻЦС֣ˣŰɡСƤͦġ
ǰĽҶˣҪ˿滹ǡ˵һ룬ҶȻĿɨ˹һͣϷ
æѣ׹սս
ˣǶȥҶȻãĽҶߵСѾҲ̫ûˣⶼ׵ڶˣȻ
ĽҶ̲ס͵ЦҶȻݵؿһۣɫʱӺͿ˵㣬ƽﻹǺܸɵġ
ҶȻЦʲô
ĽҶ˰״࣬ЦǺܸ˳Ϊ
ҶȻɫͣĽҶСԴЦؿ
ǰ󿴵ı⸱棬ոջɫүֻĽҶ˵˼䣬ᡣ
ţһˣү̫ˡ
ݣҲͿһֱﺰϰˣûĹ
ȥһ仰үͲˡ
ֺˡİϣ֮ǰһΪүأû뵽ôá
֣صصͷүźϷƵģĬ·ʶˡ
֪ĬĬغȲ裬֮ǰǲҪĺá
źҶȻĽҶȥ˳дλĽҶݣҶĸЩͬ뷨
ҶԪպϺүǸҶȻȢˣĽҶޣϣ˻ͺ
󷿶˼ӶˣȽһֱǽĽҶϱģҶݲ˻ϧ˺һĽҶ޸ҶȻϱ沣ȽʵڸӣҴ˵䣬ֻͷȲ衣
󷿵˼ӶˣϴЦ⣬ȴ֮߬ǰҶȻһƷҲû̫£ϾԼҴҪϮλģҶȻΣҫҲܴ
û뵽ҶȻֱӱΪƽԼдǿ˼˵ʵȨˡ
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