صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

̫粻
ߣɺ


⴩Խ󣬸ķ续档

ȰѧĻʺ֪̬򷽣ޥģ˼ҡЩĶٺʲȢҶˡ

˺Ĺϱ̫һôζЦѡ

ةǿĻʵۣʴ֮ţ֮˭̫һҹȥǸ޹ȥ

̫ӣҪΪ飬ܻĿΪҶһͣģ㵽ûĸΣ

Ϊܵһ鳼֮ŮһĶˮ磬ıʾɽ󡪡

ɡ

Ľ514գģVʱָµ䣬Ҽ֧~

ġֲᡷ

һԽʵϥΨһŮųʳǼ

ʵۣŮһ͸˼³谮ֻϧæڱ

ڶ̫ӣ޲ܰȫõĶãȴڳ㲻ͨ

Ȱѧÿܸдʫ޸裬ȴѧ֮ûһġ

ճȺСǻãֻһͷۡ

ֻϧԽɫֻС˵еŮ䣬ԭΪ˰ȥȴǴΪ檣һвΪŮ˼ѡ

ĳʾʲôĶǸƣֻٻ˼主󻨡
==================

01

¡ʢʮ괺ǣฮ
İӽڻľʯǰһ顣
İʳȡһճ¯֣ڹǰ̫̫ǰصطԸģҳõˮùա
̧ʵʲô
̫̫һȥˣѾˡ
ġGһ½֮ǰͬҪһף´ιȥϣҲǵģȥҲҡ
İЦЦ˷̫̫ȥҪͬؾĻ£дδЩĵ
˵ţӣһƵ˽ϴ
ӦʲôҪ뵽ʮ־İԣĲԾط
Ϊһ¹ʣԽŴѾʮͷôִˣĳԹϻ򲻺øĵ
ӣİݹĲˮһŸķ߿̫˼ҵλ̫̫ƽذͶȡɵǸ˵ҹ̽ɣʼͬԽƵ߶ͨҵɢԼҹӵۣⲻǿҹӣ仧ҲҸǹǳıӵ
˼ٲҲǸƷԱ̳ȽȽǣ˺ӣͳˡ仧
ӣеġҹӡޣǸԼҹҲǸĿõ׼ŮѾĬһԶŮ£Ҳ˿ͷԼͲһˣӣ˴˻вȴҲ
˵ŮӺϡǫǫȻҲüĸɫķ׷ĵʲô¡
ˣ̫̫ô˵
ӣͷһ̫̫Դ֪̫̫£ҲûҴŹ˵ԼϷ˽岻ã㣬˵Ǳ˳ˡ̫̫ͬϷ౾壬̫̫Ҳ˲Ӵˡ
ڱ˵໵˲٣Ǹҵҵ˻ûͬʼһ򽻺ã޼ǸųģʱȻҪ̬ȵġ
ľ֪ɺĺӣһ񣺡ǲͽˣ
ŰԶҲûеԼҹӣ˲ĵˡ
͵СǼܳ衢ֺÿģ˭ϲСñһȣ˭Ҫǿ
ССֱͣȺܶҵϷ˻Ҫƽ͡ҹ״̬ǹŵģǿΪ֮װװҲˣԼѾͷǰҪװ
ӣ˵ǰȻأǾûϽġ
ôûϽأ
ӣ̲סֿʼ߶ģԸԺˣżĸ沴СáչҪԿġ̫̫Ҳ˵ˣʵ̫ˣ治ȥˡ
ЩεЦЦȷԭǸӣڸʼҾЩˡ
ǳȨ࣬Ҳǲֱ󳼿еġ鳼
ΪЩȨ¼ʤдԵľǵ̫Ҷһ˶ȥسˣȴȻ˻ʵۺ̫ӵΣûΪȨ̫ɺƣѿسֲ˵˼һѹ̧ͷǳȨĴ
ҲǸǰԵ״Ԫĳɼ˺ԺΪһĸ١ʮ꣬ڻʵ֯Ĺ͢ϣ˵ɵƵģѶԷִŪˣǶĸ²Ű벽ɼСǸ뺷
Īǽųһֱܶ־ͲԭЩʹˣʮ꣬Īϴ˳ĳȥ׽飬ٰԹԲĪϵ־͸һޡ
˳µ𶯣˽кõͬʱҲ˾Īʵ̫ᣬϵŮԼֵۡʵ۶ڳü۰Īϴ˾ǴģּĪϺ²㽥ƽ
ûииԸɫʵ¼ΨһǿϳȦģ֮ǰμӹ֮ʱһƳ±ҹУ㱻Ϊ׹޵Įȥ
ǧĵһӡ󡪡ǸˡڸĲû̫ĲΪشԵ͡
ڴԽ֮ǰҲ١ΪŮǿլС˵ƺá
ʼ̫ү岮ϼ꣬ฮ֮оһŮûгɵԤڵӣҲûȥƫһŮҪ谮λǲעȻȡԴ
ǴܵһȨʵ͵ĻׯкüһֱʮֿԣҲרҵʿƣȲҪΪıߣҲʲô˼ơ
ڻ·棬⾩ͷж˱ͽةฮĻδ֮ʱвٸҵķ˶׳֦Ըฮް֮á
ϣʵڲ֪ôϽ
˵ĺͼ˻ܲһ£˵е룬ǼΨһĹҲû˶
ĿһϵĵģСɩֵ֣༫ãζҲһ
õĲҶõǰҵż˹ʹ͵ֲҶҲ̫̫ͼү̫̫ãġ
ҲǾ̸ڵңһһӡӺԺ࣬˿ڼ򵥣ֻһһŮŮֳ谮ȵ̲һһĴģõǰġ
̲סֳ
ǰܼҡ
Щ治ۣŹŮڼһǰ͸æݹģ˳ʵ۵̫ƽ
ź̫ҲڻʵǰͷһԱҪî˾ͽǰ̫ࡣɵ⹬ﵱģ˭֪Ȩ㳯Ұ͸ĵשҪ졣
Ƕ̫࿴˺ȵòæС̫һֺࡣ
Цеؽˡ
Ī˵ˣŮϲĵģûȥҲĶϲϲԡ
һæһ磬ȸ׼չظ֮ʱͷƫ
еĲӳţ˲ԶɽʹѸ
Ǵӵңͷ׸磬ҲǸʡ͵ĵơ
ۡ
겻ڣûְʱɽǱҲû˵ʲô飬Ҫʥʲô
Щ벻ͨ
λãֻŲŸɺô򵥣кͻеǻῴ¶Ҳ¶ʱ̰ס̬ĳ֡
Ƕӹﵽظϣĥһ·ֱصҲûʲô
ΪһϸȨ࣬ճȻһֻгԺô򵥡
һظȥǰͷ鷿һڡ⼸׼ʷ飬ΪԺвԾһֱ˼ͽ£ƵƵ
һڡ𡱶ĸƷ׹Աƺʲôֵ飬һû³Բ˵ѡ˸ˡ
Ǽ뿪󣬸ĻŻ㱨һЩ£˦ȥĪϵԺӡ
ʱĪϸոյң·û𣬷˵Ҫȥȥ˴԰ʵ԰羰ô
Ī̾˿ˣԭͬ˵Ҫȥ԰ӵģ˭֪˴԰ͻȻʺ﹬ˣ˵ǽҪ׼һͻᣬ󳤹Ҳܽȥ԰ûйɣǾȥתתǱ߷羰ǲÿҿԴĶȥߡ
Ҹ֪⣬˲Ȼʡ
̫Ѿ˳ɻͣʺ̫ӵĸʱĵԺ׼ͻᣬҪ̫ѡˡ
ɽʹҲһΪŮѡϣŮ뾩ġ                        
лҪ˵ֿк䣬СʹǼǵѽ~
ġֲᡷԤ~
һԽʵϥΨһŮųʳǼ
ʵۣŮһ͸˼³谮ֻϧæڱ
ڶ̫ӣ޲ܰȫõĶãȴڳ㲻ͨ
Ȱѧÿܸдʫ޸裬ȴѧ֮ûһġ
ճȺСǻãֻһͷۡ
ֻϧԽɫֻС˵еŮ䣬ԭΪ˰ȥȴǴΪ檣һвΪŮ˼ѡ
ĳʾʲôĶǸƣֻٻ˼主󻨡

02

ɽʹλؾֶܴᷢ䶯
ͽֻΪŮѡǾˡ
еӵĻʵۣὫӵıճӣʵ۱Щǲɵ
ԻҲ߸Ůڻʺͻ¶̫Ӷͻȥˡ
ɽʹ飬˶Ҳ졣
󳤹Ů˺ʵѡ
ûأʵڲλ˶˲ѡɹ⡣ԹĿڵµĻΪءӸĶƵģġŵڸˣŮӦڣŵڵˣµίʱΪء
˵Īϲɴ˵С⣺һֱ˵ĶãҲûôģˡ
еδޣͬĺӡǸЩĵ֮һĪϵ⼸һֱڸ٣ǱûʲôõĽԴ㽫ͺѼţ⺢һʱ䶼ڸʸڳġ
ȻûʲôȨȨҲ굱صң岮ֵܼйȻֻƷƷһʵȴС
ǸųģڣƷѧʶҺ͸ʼҲ˽
޼ûоλ̳Уûʱչ鲻ÿұ̶޵ѡ֮麢ǵĻ¡
һʵƷͨʹ̽һʱһΪ˾ŵŮѡ֮һ
Ī̽ˣԼҹŮȻôõ
ӽСɩӲŹ¿Ҫţ̫̫ʾ¡
ͰŰաĪ룬ֵϺõɱСţ⣬Ķ˹ӣѹһŰա
ǡ
ĲһͳԺҲĪ׽ػһ
Ǵͳϵļ鳼ټǶȳƣ˵ٷҲΪ⼸Ϊ̫Եʣ۵ԽһЩຫǰ󸹱㣬һҵҵĺó󣬳μ˺Ѱ͡ࡱϵ
ĽһûҲûˣȻżҳɫխ䴺ͷҲֻ˼򵥵׹٣ˣŮȻԽԽ⡣
ʼҲǴ壬ֵĸȴûãҵĺҲжŮ٣Ů󣬸һֱС
ۣѩɰ˵СƵģ˿ЦãǰĪϷõһ¾ǻؼҶŮһ·Ӻ̬䳤ͤͤо˼ɫʡ
ΪҲ飬ڼңʱѾͷոտɣдһһĽ̳ģȻǸŮӣעѪȶҪ٣˵ȶӻҪ׽һЩ
ĪŮԸҪԿģȴùŮĶãд˵˶֪찲ԸĪ϶黹ûŮһ࣬ʲô
µòֹ˼ϳʱ򣬹ȻȺ˵̫Ҫѡˡ
Уڳ˭ܳΪ̫ӵ͸ûܡʴ˰ѻʺĸֳȥˣ˵ʺ̫ӣǻʵΪ˼ͥȶͳ͢гҲͬġ
Ƕſ̫˭ҵ⣬Ҹ㳬ǰԤС
ֻʵۼϴ죬ʵʶ죬˵Щˡ
̫ˮ糯ǰİʱ׾ͻȥˡ
нûʲô֮£³Ҳ硣糯֮󣬸ʵ
Ĺ󣬻Ҳ׼̫ѡһ£ѯʸ
Ǿ仰һȫƾʥ϶ᡣ
ʵƶǰã㲼ʹ˼Ĺ;ҶĸһЩ
λ΢û˺;Ǵҳﶼ̫ļҽһĵŮȻǿΪڸģ΢ĽֶûУҲ类ﳤ˳軵ˡ
ǹ˹ԺҪίģλϸŻãԺ˭˵׼֪ܻļ꣬Ȼʵۺܿûа뷶ΧҪǰʵͷ˵
ʵֲɵӣһ֪˸̫λúֻúةˣȻȥɣ롣
뿪ԼӺʺ˽ɷѯʵϣʴô˵
ʵ̾޿˼ǲԸġ
̫Ҷô꣬һΪʺ̫ӶԸкܴʵȻ
ʺҲϵĸ˵ǸȨʵҲǶˣ󡣷һԽԽһЩʵ۲̵Ĺ߾ٶ˶֪ôġ
ʺҲ緢ͷԣ˵м˾ǸҪʱֹһ̲ηˣĻнңӣ
ȻȨĵ·ԽԽԶͱ˵ûж˽ģҪΪ˹Һ𢣬ʺԽƷи߽ࡣ
ʵһֱϸˣ֪ˡ
ȻةҲкܶëԴ󡢿ѲŰȷǲɶ֮š
̫Ҳһһ
ѡһѡ̫ĵԹһ棬ͥҲǺҪһ棬Ȣ಻˼ҵŮǺ
ʵ۲òϣʱܽ۵ģֻĹŮ
ʵ۴Ըǵɢүκȵλڼ䣬Ǽֵ̫ƫҪ췴Ƶλá
̫ӴˣܼˣָԸݣҸطţһ帣̫ϻʡ
ڳУʵ̵Ǹ̫ӡ̫ԸȢŮǿǿ֣кܳ
ʺҲΪˣʴ˲Ըôô죿
ʵڣżѾˣʴﻹδסȻ򣬵ûʲôչҪ֪ǳ谮Ů᲻ŮԿ࣬ݲݶ˼ң취ʵڲоһʥּּܿɣ
ʺڸƢԵ˽⣺ּʲôĵǲڣǸʴ˺пܻװ
뵽ûпֵܳľʵ۴˸սǻȡɣҪǿˡ
ʺͷ˵öԡ
ʺһӻʵڿ̫֮£ȵʱ˷ͬĸҲûмʴˣƺҲϲ빬߶ʱˡ
ֵ˵úǣ̫ܽӺ͹͸ˡ
Ҳǰū澷ȥʼʱԶԶҲ˸ʴһ档ʴ⼸곤ˣһӣԶȵֶŮҪЩ̫Ҳ˼һ棬˵˼ҹ͵ͷˣ˵ǳ谮ŮģֻҪͬˣʴ˻ʲôִֵģ
ʺ⻰ˣ·ʤǰǰҲϲһĻӣЩӼʲôģֻҪۣûвճɾġ
ֻھʴ⣺ʲôɽ
ʺ΢΢ǣȻɵġ
= =
ӣһƵ˽ڴѾͷһСҵĸ΢΢һ㶣˭Ǻӣˣ
аˡ
Ȥūˡӣվڰǰʺˡ
ֿʺߵĺˣİͣ˰ҵ֣ȸ·
ױ̨ǰ㻻·ʵǹּܲ𣿡
ūҲ֪ԺǱߵûֻּּ̫ܲ࣬СŮ͸ϳС̫࣬һ͸̫̫ʹ顣ǻʺʲôԸﻹǿȥɡ
Ļ·ȥԺʱһյ裬ͬĪʲôƺǻ졣
ĽݶʺãЦҵū˷ǰֻʺ֪˺͹һλȥͬ˵˵
ĿĪһۣĸҲ¶⣬˳ֵĻѯʵŮðһ䣬ٳŮ빬ʲôҪ£Ҫʲô׼
һЦƽ߶ﲻؽš
ĺԵһ¡
ĸ׺͸׶ˣҲǱߣһֻ־ôʺף
Ÿʴ㯵ЦеǰջʺĹĸ˵𣬹ĸҵĶͻʺüҴý׼ңⲻʲô
ģ
Ҳݣȫǵ˶ˡ


03


˼žҪԭҸɰˣô죿Ȼӡ
ʼ˱˭þյĵ
ԺĪŸĵ㷵Ķ˵ʺ빬Ϊʲô̫ݣѹүسȥˣﲻ˰ɣ
ĵôΪҾûʺӦûôС۰ɣ˵ˣ¶ѾȥˣʺҪǸ鷳빬ʱЩѿˣҪôأ
ʺλߣֲӱʮ겻ĪϵĵЩ߼
Ī˵ˣҶ˵еãʺ˴ټΪʲô
Ҳ˵áԶʲôһֱǿأûи͸ʲô磿
ôһ˵ĪͻȻоԺƺһ紩
У˵ЩӣϿҪ̫ѡˡ
ĿĪɫͻȻĸ̫ʺ٣㿪ڲ˻⣺ţ촩ļѸЩ
Ȼ̫ҪѡˣɷֲŮ빬ĪϾţ빬Ȼô͵ôȽϺá
Ҽǵǰ״ҪʹǼܽɫװɡ
ĻһĪ˵ǼѣҳģôôӾǷǳƽƽ档
ŮɻĿ⣬ĪӲͷƤɣҲţǴͨһ㣬ʺ￴ǿʲôҲ̫鷳
ģ
ô
ǡ
Ϻʹʹδ¹ǼңЩҪصϵģȥڻʺǰϸһй֮ôǺã
ĪһαŮ˵ˣǻϸˮ̰ɣӦǻʺϲʽأ
ɡ
ĪһƷھˣǻ׷ؾڶҪ빬ġһ·ߵɣıǰһ˫ЬӣųĪ빬
ڣĪϺ͸ĶŻʺ밲ʺҪΪǵӣЦһ·Ҳۻˣգض֣
ֽӹŮ²裬ˣڻʺߵͷ
ʱʲôʺ΢΢üͬһϵ˶ſˣʵûвнĵ
˻ʺĿ϶𸴺ǹҡҷС鲽˽һĪϺ͸ĺԵһ£пˣ
ʴ˼ҷ˺͹ɽû£ǹ˵˵㣬ӴæʲôҪ£
ǹԭʺ״ģǰն֯ϣҵֶŽڻǰֶСС˺Ǽ˵ĸƻ˺̬ƽ⣬ʺָ˵
ȻڿĪϺ͸ĺ󣬹˲ı뷨
ʷ棬ͽĺݺݿһְͨѸĵᵽĪϡ
Īǰûϼ˺һ䣬û뵽һ֮ˣⷬ񰮵Щ֪ôشֻһֱǡˡ
˸ģ˱ˮһת⣺ҪǷһŻظҹ
ʺû֧Īϣ˹⻰æѵÿһοڣʷ˾ЩŹȥ򰲹ա
Ī϶һԴʺţ·ˣѹĪʵи⣬һֱʷֽ̡
Īϵֽ̲ҵʻ檱ص֪޲ԣ޲
ѹص֪Ҫʴô˲ţ
ǹƽ길Ҳƴſ˽ʿκޣҲƷ̫ء
ǰͷãȴøĸϲŮͬʱҲǼΨһŮＸеǮϡ´·ҲѣԴΧõģӲСǰӡ
ǶرǹҼֵֻܼܹͷأǼ鹷
κμͷֵǾǲһôѧʿȥڿΣŶвˣֱҪˡ
ҲΪˣֱҪĽ˸ʼңҲһֱϣʼҿ룬ѧƤëҲа
Īϣ

Ϊһʲôء
һ㶼ۣżҲŮһҳЩĳƣҲø˵ⷽ͹ư
ĪֻܽصճϣùϿĲ˯˳ٸ蹦̵һ£ǻʵ۹áߺãԸ˲ţŻи˳ͷصĻᡣ
Īϰڰ֣Եһ£ˣϽȥֽùҪѷ˵ûһֲؼ
⻰ЦһŮķıȡԱߣģʽĻ
= =
ڹĴ£ʺȡ˺͸ĵദʱ䣬硰ƽϲʲôǲʲôʲôճ⡣
İһһˣʺֹ󷽣壬ûаֽ棬ͷϲ
ʱ䣬̫ʱҲùˡ
ʺŸһЦݽ˲Ž鷿ֻ۹һЩһˣȥݰ»
𡰺áŻʺĴŮƿš
ȸ뿪󣬻ʺתͷֵС»ȥѰ̫ӣ˵ݵһ»ҵϲѡ
һϲɫӦ
ĳû߶Զ˴歡
ǻʺСŮ̫ӵãܻʵ۳谮ҲеλＸû˸ҵСڡ
歿ĺϲػһʽ㣿þûˣ㶼ûˣĪǽ˰գ
ǰڹʱá
ĲСһߴߴģʱ򶼺ܰرдӣ歲Ծÿκ͸Ĵһ𶼻кĸоرġ
֮⣬歶һӡҲͦá׹ùã걻Ǹ쵰ѹģΪ˸ʷ֣ųһڶ
游ŮܾĸҪϻӲǱգر;ᡣҲϲǼ˾ˣǸҪҪǵģ˽Ūȥݲźأܺùĸ͸Ϊѣиʲ¼ɡ
ĶȴԷһѰסʲôôֲ꣬ɣ˵ǱĸģҪȥ
ʺȥҵ鷿
ܸĶһҲǺõģȵȥ


04

Ľݺ󣬷ˡ档
ǾĲŮȸҪö࣬ȻҲҪһЩһֱǾһϲ÷ŹӸ׷Ķ
ǵֶŮճڹҲ֡
ʼҺּһֱԨԴ
ĸճǼ꣬ʼҺּһסһϣĸִ˻Ǹ˾Īִ˼ھǳ٣һֱּҸùϵҲŮ顣
κ̫̫һ۾ͷϣѹϸʼŮ죬ĪĸŮԼŮĪǸ֪Ȥˣ֪Է̬ȺٹཻҽҲԶˡ
ûʵΣһ·λáִһֱԭ̤
ʸסլǻʵմ͵Ϲլӣȫլ֮һּһԭĵطûŲѣǸǿʤԸ񣬶ȴʼȫλԽŸʱͷԸ
´ӵĸָȸЩݣ̫̫񣺡ū̫Ӱλﶼ档
ҺɫѵǵֶŮˮѵҵǧ
ܹմǰźһʺñ㲦̫ӡ
ڼ䣬˴ãټˣǶնڻʺһʮָм⵹ҵĸʼǾǳˡ
̲ס࿴˸һۣò˵ʴ˵ŮʵڲȻòͲƵֹﶼҪÿ
鳼ĶҲƿһ·̵ƣժѡ״Ԫڲ˵ȢûҵĵմŮŮϡ˰жȢţûվȻ鳼
û
ջˡ
ϴμĻȥ죬ûˣҲһ㣬Ǳǰÿˡ
Ÿף»ģôʼҲ
ǣʺԸҹһˡ
ЦЦٿʱȻ˼־ӸµĿǣ˵ʴҲЩǸòҿԴһʵʱ游ȥܴҵ鷿ѡֻء
ġŶһƽ游𣿡
һ¡游¡ʢʮʱͱһߣˣǰͣô˾ǰȥฮ˭Ȼּ˵涼
С˵־
һͷţһֱߵײŮ·ߣٸ䣬Է˵ʲôĻֻһ游һ򰲿͵ͷ
歶ֹҲģ
֮ܵǰԺȴԲʦӴЯŵڴ֮ǰѧ֪ͷˣ׼ҹһ͸ӴΪ𡣡
Ц
ԺǾһĹٷѧԺѧԼΪϸֻУеѧӲѧ顣
Ӵ˵ŮڹﵱˣΪ˰ͽҲŮڹ̹ЩʧԾϵһѧӵĵܵŪԺ
ҶλѧͬĸףǸϣְŪ˽ȥҲûʧ˲š
˾ȻΪܷΪ١
ǰһȦûͼݵС̫ͽصĻ
ĽǻȵλʱΪƳĻ滭ʦƷ
һΪӳͼɽˮһûĴ
⾳΢΢ı̺е׺żֻԧ졢ѼǽڵмֻϲȵΩΩФ
ĿǻһζƷ΢ĺˮô紵һǸ˼ִⰻȻзէգ
ôһ˵ǵȤ
С̫һƴ޵ʹﲩĹ֪ѧԨȻ֣
ıպŨīէڻ֮ϣīɹ֮ٽһ棺һ룬ȻҪӴˣǴЩøˡ
ΪڴǰԼĿͣʮȻܵǾллʼˡ
վűߵ̲סǡ
ʮʱڵһ˷ȣһΪ˽ŷէ𡷵Ĵʡ
է𣬴һشˮ
ԧ㾶֒
ѼɶУɦͷб׹
ͷȵϲ
ȴмأСէ𣬴һشˮ֮䣬ԪڳϷԻһشˮ£
ôһʣһشˮںһֱΪ¡
ִ˼ҶԲýԺӴ˱Ը˰취ô๦Ū˸ּȴͰͶһ˵£ɲζըˡ
ǸʼˣԿĵʱķ緶
󣬼˱һ뿪˭ȴſ֪ʱ̫ӵ¡
̫ʰղź͸ĵĶԻУղԼ񣬶Էȴģ̫ӿ֮ŮǺá
һΡ
ϴμ滹ȥɽԣῳһܣնȥ
˵˳ܺĵһμ档


05

꣬˴ӶƷʡ֪¡
ʵ۾λͬ־ʹ˳֣ɵҾϲ˵ĻƣΪʹøĸԸΪ͢Լʵ۸լӡ鱦ؾķš
ٵʵ۾Щֵֶ̫Ҫøƶһ׷ϮµµΪߴ
ʵʵ˵Ļƣֺõֻڼװ
ʵ΢ʸšٿ಻ܿຢӣĿںţ׼øĸ飬Դֺøɽɻ
ھдҹѧ飬˵ҶôӸȴǲ㼷ͷȥҹѧʮ˳ؽȥˡ
ǶŮĽⲢ
ǱϾȥʹѧܱҹѧȥЩ
ҡˡ
Ҳ֪ڼװ¶Ǹʵʱ䣬õ룬ҪȥɵġȻʵѾôˣǻǾ̨þհɡ
Ǹʮ꣬ʼ빬ѧϰġ
ѧ˲࣬ƽãͬѧҲڷơ
̫Ȼǰ˵
Ĵӳʱ㲻Ǻܺãðǳе£ĪŮýЩŴ綼ĵһ֡
Ĺٳڻ˶ϲģҲûн̹鷿ĶʱڹѧϻΣλҲỻװһ˲ֻվһԿš
ǿһ˹վһԿ̫ӻרŻʱ̻
ڡڡԪڵȽգ͵λϵҲеġ
ʮ꣬Ӣµذ̫ҶˣϵسȥˡΪ˷ֹʺ̫ӲڹΪʵ۴룬Ůȥˡ
Ժ󣬸ĺ̫ӾͲˣ˵ῺܵóʹǵʶչҲԽԽˡ
Ҳεġ
ֻ̫ԽԽãܳе飬ϵĵӲжճҲЩöͰҹˡ
ȥѽڣҹ¼λĹذγǳݻʵۣ˳硣
֪ǰٴεԵ֣Ǻȸһ˲Ķ·ֻڽòͣȴĿѵذϳһۿžƾϴͻ顣
ҹ˳˴ֱܵƶȣܿһֱü޹Ůķʽάֹϵ
ȵλʱүΪ˻λ᲻ݣ³ãϥҲûкʵĿܼޡﵹ乫ǿŮʵȻ᲻á
ڵҹǿ֮ŮʵǼ޻ǲأҶڵſϷ
ĪϵĻ̻̲ľ͵ˡ׸ǸܵȫûбҪţֻҪڼȴ취ͺá
һת۾͵ԵӣǰɽԵϡ
῾ڵִɽĵҵ
ǸĺӣƵˬżϷɵļֻ㡣
̺Сϣῶ̫-浱֮ʱҹһֱӵһ壬ԴܽвŮ˹ȥǰڣʺͶҲֱӳ汣㡣
Ĵ֪
ʵ۲ƲǺˣʱҪ벻޵ҹȥҪʼѸٿչԾȡ
ῳĬ˼ٶȳҡҪѡˡ
ͻȻ˵⻰ʲô˼ͻȻ䲻֪˵ЩʲôֻܸɰͰ͵ϲ
῿һۣԸ⣬ȥǰ˶Ҳù޵ȥ

ǰո̫ӵ游ôģԼĻΧ
ͷƸΪޣΪ檡ôóóȻӦȥʵǰͼӴ׵˵ϼ䣬û׼ͱһС̧ˡ
Ů۸˭檣鹵顣
ıı
̫ҪʹǸʼңǴˡ
ֱ̧῵۾л̫ӵһ⣬³ŮܴӦ͸࿴˼ңҲģǵͬ˼ҵĹޣǴ˷ҿԲ޵ҹҲģ̫ӵ·ġ
῵Ŀд˼ֲãʲôõģ
뵽̫·ܷصĺʱҺ޴Сһ𳤴Ҳ÷˴֪֪ףУõġ
ɫģ㵽֪֪ߣ
ˣ·Լûˣ
ɣıɺ߳ŭ
̫ˣһ۾Ϳ̫ӵµĲ侮ʯ·Ǹʼҵˣûأ
ῷȥȻı۵֮޷԰Σȫûע⵽ǿ΢΢͵ĿסȭΪ߶ͨĶ
Ȼûøʧ̫ӵַûú󣬸ҵذϳϣżɽĳʮϥ¾ֻһ˫ŮȮŵ˺ϣ뾩ԶʶܽСŮԶޡĸһֱҪҸ׸ʼҵģԺദҲЩҲҪھǲǣʱҲи
˼и׸ʲôģǵҹǺϡƽ飬ذϳϱʾ⡣
ڹǰ·һλھУȢСŮΪޣڶһŮصҹɻ飬ʱϷԸᡶũҪΪ񡣡
ǰݵ֪ݣǵؽ͵ҹӣҲֻ֡
һֱʵɣڳȳũɣͬʱǰ˾Լ뷨дȫϵͳĳȹԣڶǹسεıضĿ֮һ
ذϳ۾ˣȱ𣿲¾ȱ
ûȳ棬һҪǣʹҹ³ǧ˱Ⱔ
ذϳʱѡ˵ڶ
ֱȥףذϳϽ֮ʱ˳˲˸ġööؽеȣ˸飬ǿ񣬼ֱȼ׵֡
ذϳ˼ߴ͵ˣ˵⼸ǵҹſܽ׸֣Ǹʴ˿õĿѡŮ
ĸ²۶ԷŵĽη򶼱⼸˿ŶһЩ
ôˣذϳʱĹܹϣ
Ǹĺ῵Ҳôˡ
֪⹫ǰԸһ򼫺ã¸ıԼҸѵ⣬æԲǿȥɣĸȼˡ
˵գҲΏػŸľ߳Լֳ߷Χ
Сĵؿһ̫ӵɫ¿ɻҪݰʺȥ
ˣȥ԰߰ɡ
ǰһƽ糿ȥѧϿ֮ʱ˵һλʴ˼ҵǧ
ġıģǹǡ෴˳ȥﶼһ¾õģ
ˣżҲƴǰǰῷ￴ȥ޺ʵҴԿܹӸλӻǹʹĹŮҪΪ鷳ܱƽȥ
ãóĹСҲһĹ˭˳۵֣ȴʰ÷ġ
Ƣܺãʱ򼴱ðһЦżҲ鲻õʱĹĵֱͦŴһԲİԽɰ
һֱһʲôо
ʺ飬ԺеһľƺҲΨһ
ʱǴ̸ⱲΨһ飬ȴ뻻ȴİ⡣
ĸ빬ϿʱҲͬԵ׾һ㣬ڹҪסһѮܻؼһ쿴
ɺͬʵ߿࣬˵ԼҷŮ벡ˣ˲ˣֲڼңϳˡ
ʵһʴҪϳˣôأ˸ÿ߶Ȩ
˺˸ÿѧ⣬͹Ůѧĳ档
˴ǣСڳĹϣϦµĹ͢һķ羰ߡ
ڵĪڴˣ
ûס߶Ĳܽ˳ϦദĻᡣ
һ룬ӶҪˡ
һرܸǴ֮Ϊ˺þãʲôĲɣʺĸ󶼿
ڣȫ鷿ȥʲôˣŻѡ԰ߡ


06

ЯŸһ·һž̲סŻʺ²۵ĸֶŮĸһǲݰҸҸʽͷʽͰˡ
ʺʾĺЩ˷ܹȵŮǷŹȥݿмʲôˣ
正˭
ʺ󣺡
̫أûϣװˣ
ֻ歼ˣж磬żĸ󣬴кͻˡ
ʺγ֪ŮӼһŸĻˣŽûиϺ͸˵仰
ʺĿŮһۣԼĸˡ
ʲô
ͬʱĪҲӹһ·ص˻ʺߣйûĹأԼˡ
ĪϺʶȤضԻʺˡ
ʺҲûݣ歶ҲϲԺڼ£˵˵
ĪϹӦ¡
ûͷûԵһ˽빬ĪҲĪڳĹϣĻ˴빬֮УֻЩ²͸˼
˶ԣΪӦòôУһ紵ݶܸܳʲô⣬һġ
ةڣľ;Īİ
ڣϸϸͿһͼ޵ĻȷҲã㵹۹⡣
⼸ʹˣϥûлӣֻһ幫谮ҲǴǰ˶ǿ²˵ҵĻǰﶼξȻ˻ɼֶŮҲм͡
ôһ룬治˳
ǹĸӣҾӹ
ЦЦм飬㸸Ѿ֪ˣ̫׼ѡˡ
۾һֻƵǲˡѾ͸˿ڷ磬ҲҪƷ߹ҵĵϵճ˵̫ˡһѣаաԸԣ
̫ӵĲҲǽĹҲλƾĸˣҵĹܵ˻ʺټ
˲ʱֳ˭֪ʺҺ͸ʼг飬ʱ򣬱ʼˣʺôãڷ
׷£ȥַּ̧һǴǰأӶǼҡϽˣһҶ󣬽̫λʼǶϲк³ġ
뵽ľԽҲ˼̵棺Ժǽ˶һҪúֺûʺ˵⼸ǲˣ̫ӵ¶Իʺһ׺ҲмӣϺͻʺޣһ򲻴ֺֻ˻ʺ󣬽лʺϲ㣬ڶסţˣ
ǣסˡպ˶һǹĸ̻塣
= =
ڣȥʺ˰ַԸдͻ˿ιһˣ¸
еġشҲΨһ׶ӣȫǻҵֶӡ
˽ӵС̫Ŷ󲻸ҵ˿κ͸˹
ȸ˿ȻߴŮȡһӽǻ
ĸ˸ˣ˵˲ٸǰ顣ǹĸһһõıʼǣȥ֮һҪúϰ
һԳűƲ죬ĸ¶Ѿǵһˡ
ڹأв󹬣ΪĸӵԣǻİһΧ˶һֻ۱һֻۣôλСү˽
ò˵ĸԼĹػɱȶԼ׶ӵǰĶˣҪǹɭϣǻĸģǱġ
ǻСؽıʼǱᶨرԼѧϰеľĺֻǹ˵ҵĴӺܿҪ뾩ְˣܲ鷳æߣȥҾˡ
ѧʱ𣬸蹾һֱż񣬲ã˲źã۴СԶһͨһĸ٣⳯͢ϲҲƳ磬ֱǧѧӵĵ䷶
ǻѧ֮ģǹ˼áģĸ취
֮ԱǣҲǵ˸ʳŲ˽λƫǻƳ磬Ҫû˸ʣʲô
ǹûס˶һۣΪ㸸ʳ谮ô򵥵飿㻹㸸ʵ׶أôûʮ֮һĳ谮
ˣӵƽ︸ô£ʲųҪҲô£û׼ұҪóء˵ˣ鷿йֵĹùǣҶϲң˽ﶼ˵ұȶƿ׶ˡ
ŶһµһļƣͻȻµûţȥúɣЩеûģҲ˵ة໵ҪǱ֪ˣĸɾȲ㡣
֪ˡƵ
Ұ˭֪ǵӴ󣬵Լ£õõĸ˵
ȽСкߺǹ룬ַԸȥǿⷿĵӸ
ȻǻҪ׽ʼҵҪܵϡʼȥ
= =
ƽ
῵ͷӣͷҲ̧ʵ˭𣿡
ǡϺſҵĴ
ıʷһ٣ةԸ𣿡
⣺ūû
Ȼ
ް̣֮ҪĻͻˣȵѡʱٿʼ
Ȼûдֻûġ
ѡֻ̫ɫƷô򵥣ʺһŵ̫ᣬѡ̫ͬʱѡδĹɣʵ۶δ̫ļҪҲһܸߡ
ԭΪʻҴѡϱȴû뵽Ǹ
֮⣬ŵ֪ˣǸˣ㽫˹ɣҲ֪ʲôʲô̫ԽΪȳȶ֮½ҲԸġ
ػɣ˼Ҹѹեôãˣһ˵ݹƱ˭֡
ȻҲǴͳϵ˰ģϣ˼ҲҪȨ̫ԲŻѡ˸ˡ
ǶΪûۣúŪʵλúŪģŲĿľưոݵƷʡ
ʣһ㲻һرִţһøַ취жԷѡʼҹ̫һ£ǸԸ⻹ãǸԸⷴһĻոʴҲֲ˺á
ôһ룬ͻȻ
ʴ˵ġԸչЩģÿһ¶ҪʮɰգֲȷĸоʮֲϲҪһѲǡ
ش첽߽ůڣŻʵ۵̫ӵ
ջʵ۲ټ̫һ£ŲһյĹֹ̫ǱȽټ顣
ʵǰͿʼϹĥ̫Ϊʲô飿
°Ҫ׼ѲĴ㣬Ҳ˽̫Ӽġѵ̫֪飬û¶£ԼĹԸ۵
סһҪס̫͵Ѳ֮¡
ʵ۴˸壬شɤӣ̫ӽա
ȶŻʵʰ󣬿˼ҳ
ǰյ˻ĸţ˹ﲻٵ飬иʡĸĽм䶼ǶĸĹġ
ʵЦŶԶӵ̫Ըÿ¶дŸƽģ˭ǲģ޵顣
ǰĸһƬģСҲǺǻмӣϴʱ˴õĻ£˵Ҫ࿴ſء歶Ŷδأĸż
˵⻰󣬻ʵͻȻоԼԺһ绮
ǰôû뵽ءΨһĸܾܾˣǾǴɽӳűԵһص̫
̫῵Ļ£õ
῿Ÿһɫ֪Ѿյİʾźš
῵ͷһڲˮ̧ͷʱһɫʣôˣ
û£û£ͻȻͨһЩ顣ʵߵῸǰֺǺǵĶӵļ򣬡⼸Ϊ˳֮¶࣬޶ءĻҲһֱϣʱΪһòĸŹŮΪޡ
΢΢һЦǷлʶ䡣


07

ѸæͷƫͷϣһҾͱĪȥԺ
ĪϿŵѸԭҲܼ򵥡˲ٶЩ׸òò׼Ҫɷһ𰸡
ĪȽ빬ʱֶԸһ˵ҿﵹǸʵˣֻǲ֪ͬǼŮ콻ãɻү鷳
ᡣ
ת÷ɿ졣ǹĸǽʿ˵ʻЩƽӹǶЩһֱϲ¡
ļֵȻмֶùȥ̲ŬգҴ˼䲻һߵλãΪһǶ԰õĺù١
ǶһѣǱߵĶ㾡žУٸǼһЩȥ̫أ㵽ɡ
ǹϾӵĸ㿴ǼˣҲŰģŮ콻ãʱһѣ뵽Ļȹϵͷ˵Ǻõġ
֮ʱķ֣ɫĺãиѿ˶Ц
ĪϺҲע⵽һ㣺үǸˡ
Ҳˡʳԣ޲Ĺأ¿ӶŮ²۵Ҿ˵ǸԴǸûӵġǰʱ򣬻Ŵҵ԰ڵ͵ĻôҲǽʿʫû汻¡֪ǺһЦ
һ򿴲֡Ӷ˵Ϊɣͬ˵£Ϊٲøڱ˼ңؼҶЦּһǾͲķˡ
һûסʳĸӴˣ
ԼҶĻ𣿵鲻ִ࣬Ҳǲݰ
»ˣĶҲ֪£
ľͰݷԸһ˵
𣬴ǰҲɹƵ顪ϻںͷ˾
Ļ񻭵ȷĲǸͷ˾Ǹ⣬鷿ֱűͿָ˳
ʱѾְ˾˼˾Ҳĵ飬ֻó
ּǵһΪˣĶŻô
Ǹ
Īϳ¹۸ǾϹģĶһִĹôǸԿ
ĪϿһ΢Ц֪ЩʲôҲù
λͨһ쵽Ҳû£Ʊ˾Ʊ˵·ϣû˽һࡱҲԩ
ĪתͷŮɩɩĸϷ˵ٳͿ쵽ˣٵѾ׼ˣùһ£ǲܸһġ
ȤĶѣʲôӵģ
ĪƳ˸һۣ˵úЩƵģ³ǼƥҿŲʱãֳĶɫ͸ˡ
ĶǼƥӡһϵȵĹСϡǵã빬ʺʱ򣬴Ҳһһӣֻƺʽвͬ
ò˵ʵ۶Ǻõû˵ôõĲҶ׼ᣬôõȥֺŮѡ
ʵ͵ӵȷÿ˹Ůļ·֮󣬱ʾǳ⡣Ϊ𣬸ȥ糯ʱصش˻ʵ۴Ѿõһδϴ׼³ʵ͸˳һ¸顣
³֮󣬸ҵǬ幬ܹش꣺²ϹæС£ûÿ̸ͬһ֪֡ʥϽУ
شһɫ˲ǣҴأūɡ
ƺûй£ͻȻһֲԤС
Ȼѳڣܲü̴ֻøشǬ幬ȥ
ЦеضŸк䣬ش꣬ǰϲʹǺë䳢
ϲʹͰͶʵ۵ȻǺò裬ӽǬ幬һֱģõĲ趼ûʲôζ
ϴһ۵ȡһŵӽةһص̫Ҳ˸޻µͣʺŹ԰ͷͻ磬⼸ѡô
ͷֽһ顣
һʮˣֱдżᡢ͡⼸ĸִ˽⣬ǶǱ˼ûа˽⡣
Ȼʵ³ֶǾǲʶ̧١
һ˲ʱ⣺Ϊ۹ȫ棬ͷĹ￴ŸǺõġֻǳǵãɽʹǴӵľ˾ˣѡ˻̫չЩʡ
ʵһϧضشѽôأԭʮôոʮȫʮȥҹֻŸˡ
ǰǰشܹһԸ͵֮»˫ôǺأ
ʵٶȽĿת˸䣬˵˵ôأҴﲻǻûѡ˼𣿽һȥ԰ɣǱҰ羰Ҳãʺϲ

ʵԽдСľ߶Ӱڡ
ǰһٻϼ̽ף˵ܸһʱһ£˭û칦򣬻ʵ۱ܵȥɽӻˡ
ƽ䰮еȣܻƵģû뵽ѡʱôײϣôϻҲҪһ
߯
ڣʵ۶Żʺ˵߱Ȼǲ֪ʱı飬ôһ¶ˡʱŵҰ溦ôˣʱӲˡ
ʺƲ죬ôʵˣܲܳϢ
ǸӦ𣿡
ʵ۽ǴӦˡˣϴνôˣ
ʺҡͷˣ;歶˲Ҳûһ
ʵĲɵûɾûɰɡ
ʺ󹬴ã˵ֻǸ˼ңãִϻǵÿʵ۳棡
ʺһԵĵǸִⲻӦָǺã
Ǿʱð̫ˡ
ʵгģ޻кС
лҪ˵ôľ꣬վǴˣ

08

ʵЩõԵʣĶˣһԺ
ĪϾøе粻ϳʱһϲɫɫسӡ
˵Ҫصδϴ͹ȥС˰˴˹ԭⲻشˡ
ѵǳʲôֵˣ
ĪϾ˵ĸɷ򻻻顣
շ˹ʱĶĻ¡ĶȥѾˣʹµҲԽԽˣÿüءǲҲðʾһңЩ˹ˣ
̾һȻɡ
Īһ㶣ΪΣ
ϽĶȥμӻʺͻ磬ҲѾ˵ˣͻǸ̫ѡġǷҪʱڸĶ飬̫ϵˡ
Ҳνǵһˡŵ˵û̱⳯һ룬ĵҪˣʵҲûޡ
ôϵͬҲ̫Ӻͻʺҹ̫Ƶģȥչǲõġ
Ī˸⻰˲Ǽҹʲô㲻֪𣿹Ƕǳ˲¹ͷĵضȥǻкãƽͦ͵˵һһ׵ôûȥӦ¶أ
ĪһƢȢҲΪˬʿԡǰҲǹһз˳ңһ˫ŮҲû۸ȥ
ҲԸˣĪϻһص㣬ر𻤶̣ǶһûʲôԵСŮǺǻмӡҪѹ޽͵Ҫ
ֻðοѾͬϰʾˣǼְ̫λǱӦⲻ󣬲ǽĶȥͻ߸Ҳ̫ġ
˸仰ĪȶһЩУע̫ѡĶֻҪĶһѡǾҰ¶ҹζࡣ
= =
ĪϷȥһϣأ֪οͬŮ£һС˵֮
һ빬ΪܾϹȥˣĪ϶Ȧ͸һš
Īϵһ׺͵й˼Σ¶Ŀڵʺ׼Ҫ˴Ժаһͻ磬ּ⣬Ҵһͬȥ
ôฮǧҲǰģ׹ͼʺװͻ磿Ҫ̫ӵѡˣ
ǰĪҲ֪ôģǼҺͻʺҵĹϵ޹ȥôкӹҪӽͿʼװɣװʮ£ʺҲܲðѲϵĹȥͻɣ
Ĳʵô˵
ʲô⣿ĪûȻô˵ôˡ
ͣס˿ӡ
Ȼͬˣ˵Ȩ£ӦȥġһǸѾʮþȣŮѡֻ߸ʲôɿԭڣ¸Ĳòȥһ⡣
ڳ֮չ鲻ףĲе
ҸľãλȻȥμһεĴѡϾΪ˸ʵѡ׼ġȻ̫ӵǻѡʱӦüˣΨһһν۲ʼѡĻˡ
ǰӾʱҲǾѡѡʢ£Ȼ˵жȥ벻ų⡣
ĶĸװοģǼҸйڣΪų͢ȶҲҵԧ׵ġ
Īϼ̾ͱοˣ˵е֮ǰҲô˵ֿʼϹġ
Ҳ𣿡
еɣ˾Ϲ롣
ĵøϹģȣڻʵߣܸܵµߣܻ쵽Ʒλϵˣм򵥵ģһ־Ϳܲµ߰ʮ֡
ô꣬жһɱȣֳĵ飬ҲҪĵġ
ΪŲĪϻȻƵû£ʱҵ͵һЩġ
= =
Īϵ죬ҲûеȡĲμͻϢֻŮȥ˴԰硣
ûĪôص˼е˼˿ϡ
ղμͻĹǣЩǾ֮ŮҲиط⽮ŮŮ
˼⣬ƷòȷҲ类ŮǶͻĹͦģʮĿͦÿġ
һ棬ЩʮСȻְ̫λǱģϾδĸջһ棬ϾЩõĴҹ㣬δҲЩԳݣǶͻںƽѺõķΧС
Ϊ⼸һֱͦģĿԶСһ˵ʲô۾ֱ˵ʲôҵĴźͰԡ
ҲĵĹҵĵմŮκ
κ߹ͬĴк˵ʼҽһֺõ࣬óʺΪŲģϸɫī϶Ǳ˵ģվҲȤò֪ûܵýһͻͼ
ĵ黭ǸԽ̳ģԼʱ˴żóһʱ䶼ڼңڼҰ̸ֽ
δԽǰй蹦ףѧȻ°빦Ϊ̫æûʱʫĵĻ׻ˡ
ҲĴʱ䣬Ӧ
һԾҵճŮҲ֪Ļģһ⻰æǶŸͬҲǴСʶģɲֻκûһȥף´͵ʱҲǵ㡣
ฮͬھӣҳһֵĺõģøĻģ˻ػعʱ򶼸ĴٵĹĳ̣ȻҲӦ
κ̧ͷһۣ˭
ֽ̿һɡ
ˣȫ̫ϧ
ԶСҲߵĶԾվһΧ۸ĵĴͼ˵Ļڰӽȥú档
λŻʺ˹̫ҲվһԣʺЦʵǶʲôأôˡ
ֵǹء
λЦЦᣬôá
Ϊ̫ҲڻʺԵԵʣǶֻԶԶضŻʺһ񣬶óóȻ̧ͷȥ̫ӡ
Щڣײ㣬̫Ҳ¶˸ˡ
ʺ߽ͤǸͼżʵ⻭˭ģ
κСǸʼҽġ
ʺҲ˵ɽˮһֻϧЩæˣƷˡ
⻭ʵڲʺһ䣬תͷԸĵ̫Ӳʣ԰š̫ҽ˵ˣ̫Ӳܴ磬Ҳܳ԰ĴúӣۣŻȥ̫һۣҲ԰ľ¡
¶ʧı顣
Ļôÿ˵֮󻹿԰Ǽͷ˶ģֻôһ⻭Ҫ̫ȥˡ
ò˵ʼҹﻭʵǺÿһ㻭ʦſſͬһ棬˵ԳһɵĴҲΪ
λﰵԾպһҪͬʼҹｻãԺлʹ
Ȼʺô̫ȻҲҪ̬ŻʺһСŮȥ̫ס
·ĹŮڽ̫סѸٳˣֻһ˱Ż˽ȥ
ȴվˡ
һɫƳڴǰ춯תͷ
̫ӡ


09

ĴӸղ밲֮һֱûٿ̫ӣû뵽Ҳ̫ˡ
Ȼˣ£òͷĶΌ˸񣺡Ů밲
̧̧֣ɡ
ǡ
밲˾û˻ͬһ֮ڣȻоΡ
ͻȻо̫ӵļе󣬽أӵԵ֡
̫ӸվͷҲҶ̧̫˯һʱҲûļ
룬õǳ˵δŮô˵Ҫӵġ
Ľϣͷ̫Ӵͣת̫һ£Ůȸˡ
һ¡
ҪˣôһСԸ⣿
Դ֪˵ۺ̫ﻶϲУż϶μȴֱ̬֮ȡ
ˣ˼Ѿ̽ˣҲϾҪˣҪҲ֮С
ͻȻͷĲζ˵Сûδ飬Ůδ޵ġ˻ԼʱֻҪɿڣҲ밲ȼˣ
ڸļĵڣͻȻ춯̫ߵľϹùôӣһŮЦЦ̫ˡ
̫ǹе̫Ӽתͷע˸ϣļҹŮŵЩ죬ֻ⼸ʹˣȴǰʱ򣬾Ҳ벻ˡ
ϹùЦʴ˼ҵǧء
վֱӣʺԸŮĴͼ̫ͣвָ̫֮㡣
ԭǸҵСŮ
̫ҵܵɵǮ࣬ʱûٱƣҲֹһαڹһ¹ʵУʴ˷ĲԣŹƽԭ򣬰ܸܵժˣַǼͻˮģǶ̫һֱŸĺã̫Ҳ⡣
̫ŸЦе黭ңȻҲ⹬˴뱲ӣɲָСɵվˣ°գϹùã̫Ӻ͸ʹϲ衣
Դȵ۹ź̫һֱһĶֵΧ˵ƵҲźĹŮ̫ࡣ
һԵˣϲģⲻЩ̸˴󷢡
̫ͬĸĽ͹һЩȤ飬յ̫ңСϡǰῶˡ
̫һתȵ
һͷƤ顣
ˣ̫῵ķ˿Ŵ˿ҲֵܷȼĻӦԲм裨̣۵֡
̫Ǹػ־Ϊ̫ӣڷܺѧ˫ȫԣıǴ֮ܳ⡣
̫ͶŸô̫ӡ
Լ˵ô˵ǸӦģθ̫֮ʱ̫µԵġ
̫仰ܺõؽ˸ĵĵĻ̫˵ͿԲش𻰣ֻùžͺˡ
ĵһ༫õ̶Ʒ
̫̫Ӵ֮ʱ῾һֱôһԣҪϵ̫ǿ󣬸ļҪˡ
ļǵô˵ǰʱڹ̫̫ܲģػضǽ˵ģʲôʱתӣôõĿ޻治ɫˣ
ڣֹյĹ̫ڿˣͣ
Ƕﲡһˣô˵ĺˣҲ
Ϊ˳һӵģ̫ʱ򣬸ĸоԼӶԲġ
·ǵӣЩΣ̫ôѣҪΪŲ˵Գô
ôţҲ˼
ĿŶԷϵ飬һί
̫ܳҲ룬Щ˳ڳһӵġ
ǰ̫ܲԼȴĽζȻΪ˽󣬽ฮ˲ù
ľؿ̫һۣ˻̫ǳˣŵ׽ҶһأһҪѵСЩֹ̫Ӱб
̫ӿŸϵı龭ίȻ߿ٵı仯ֻЩͷۡ
Ѿͷǲʲô
= =
Ϊ̫ѡﱸͻʮ˳ʮѺúгյнˡ
ʺҲһˣùźûпҲûд񣬶ǴԡЪˡ
˭֪ʱչʵ۾еС鲽˻ʺУͬ޹š
֪ʺôùţʵۻ΢ЩȣʺæԸŷµŻʵСٺࡣ
ջʵ۹ȻҲΪ˶ӵĻ£žͲĵ˸ϡ
ʺڸǱߵķӦͶʮֺ棺ͬ𣿡
ʵҡͷûأŸºô꣬ô˵ҲǸϺˣǲܾʹݾߣһҪϤĳıءһС
ʺǳ˳顣
֪¸̫ѡ֪ĻΪʵҪĸλȨصĴء
ʺŻʵۺ¿ʲô취
ʵ۵Ұǰ͸̫һ⣬ȥ̨ɽ飬³һ̫ܵ־ˡ
ʺ۾ˣһпɾͶҪ̫ˡ
ֹʵ۷򸾣ҲһֱǹŸ̫ѡһ£³ȥ̽һʵۡ
ʵ۵Ļش˵ЩģɣûҪøͷ
ظʱĲ˲٣ӵѶʣҲһĵĴ𸴣ʵǱӦû
˳ԹһŶ󣬾ȥǰͷС˰ĸˣĪһֱĵ˾֮ǰ
ȵ˺ʱ̣ǰԺĪźϢ
콵ôһϢЩ˷ܹȣһʱ˯ţԼŮ
Īȶɷ̾ĶչЩ̫ˣԵĸλЩĵճС㣬Զ˴԰μӻʺͻʱ˼ҵСﶼվ棬ָʹȥǶɵأӣպܲί
ĪЩ̫ǲڣǵŮңءպ˾Ǳ˼ҵĶϱˣȻãκθ׹ְޣպĶھʲôģעҪһͷ⼸꣬Ҳܶһ棬ĶھȻͺˡ
Īһ⻰ֱǰãչûоλڣĶѾؾˣүҪ䣬ŮҪɣ
Ī£ˣ˯ɡ
ɶС
= =
ͻκصһˣһࡣ
ĽҲ£ʹӦ
̨ܱͤдɽˮҪѻһЩ죬ڲ˻
ĸ»ʻЪ˸ξʱԼңӶЩĵġ
ĴЬӣ鷿Ѿͷǵ˵
İ͸żϲԺı֦˵̫̫Ѿʾ̫̫ý˹ˣ̫̫ˣµӶôƻᶨ³ء
ӣ̵ү̫̫ųģȻˣ̽Ǻø
Ǽӣǰż︸ĸźϷˣոฮһ빦ûмޣȴ˲ٹ޵Ĵţһӣô˵˾񣺡Ȼͷ˶˵ҹӲŻ磬Ķţûǹӻأպһͬɪ޶
һ⻰Щ
ʴ״Ԫֻ̽ΪԹһֱС̽˵Ƕ֮ʱʵһ㶼ὫǷ׼˴̽
ͬǽܳſΪ֮ǰĹ̶˼άǶ˶ΪñȸʴҪһЩ
Ĵ˳źΪҸѧʣõģӦεͷòûϵ޲ҸߣҲûҸãҸҲҪǿһЩء
ӣ
ҹô͸˼ҵôһϽʱϽСʲô
İҲŸЦۿžҪˣֳܱҪҪһЩɣ
ĺԲôãİ⻰󣬻֮ȻôܱȵҸ磿
ͻȻһ£Ÿķʵ˵˵ЩҹӵУ̫úÿ
Ŭһ῵ӡ
̫࣬㹻ģʺһˣ̫Ӽֵöʵ˵ЩĹиһЩʱҲһöϲ÷ȵ½ϣһѹźҪӻ
뵽̫ЩΪĲǺ̫˵
̫ˣ˵ʲôʲô˵ޱҸÿҲš̫ӵĻھӶѹŲϺŵģЩˡ
ӣʾš
˵ǹƽῶѾ̫ˣƷ¸л⳯û䣬ǳһºҲʲô¶ռˣôˣҪҪ˻ˣ
İŸ빬ģȻҲῡ˸⻰İ鸴ӵؿ˹һۡ
Ͳʹˣզ
= =
ƽ
й̫ѡϢ洫ʹԶݵ񣬱ү븸ߵĴ̫˲衭󶼸ʼûϵ
ڸյĴ¸ߵ̫ĽУ͵öǱ˸ˡ
ͻȻֲõԤУ̫շԸ˶עһฮʲô춯Щ㱨
̫Ҫ
˲ʱū޶ۣʾҪڸϼЩ٣ҪЩǮŹԱ˵˵ͷ
յĻû˵꣬ͱῴϣһ¸ʼҺҽЩʱͺá
ЩūŶһ£ΪΣ
øһūŽ̫ࣺȥȥ
Ҳ˵˸ʼͬҽһ£̫ڹҪעʡҵ飬ΪûȨûƣةҸ׼ңʡü׳С塣
Ǻ¡
˳һ󣬶̫ӱϲһƬã׼¸³˾ȥʼס
̫ӵɫףȥɡ
ôƵ˼ңŪñ
տ̫ƺҲ˵ӣʵЩ²Ӳ跿ɶСʵ㵽Ϊʲôǵˣ
տƵҡҡͷ
°̫ģȴ侹ˣūŵܵС
м䵽׳ʲôأ


10

ůʵۺ̫ͬ⡣
شջϸǸԵĴ𰸺Ժ˲٣Ҳʼ׼һ¡
Ϊ̫֮λͨΨһ˰֮أÿÿ˭Ҫѡֳ̫⣬·¸ûаǮϵ
Щ֣ʵȻҲ
̫浹̨ˣͱܿϵģһˡʹһĹ㡣
ŵȫǶʮüˣŮûУǰԺһɫõĶСˡ׶ĿȾԼĸ׵ķṦΰʱ˶ˣ̫ɸ檶Ҫ췭ظͽͷۡ
ºǲˣǼңݷ࣬ҹϵ̫۸ˡºǸӣݼܰÿŰݷõġݡﲻ٣Ǹƣ̫˵Ҿʲô¡
ɽʹçһѺ֣ûĻؾδܳһƬ̯̫ʵޡ
ʹҴŮϽһףҷ粻СŮȻ⣬лʵ˵Ҳδغõõȥ
ҹŮǲֻǾ˼ʵЩˣԺż˸̫Ĵ¶չ鲻á

ʵ㣬вŸɣ˿ڼ򵥣ֳƷԸ߽ģȻֻеʡ
ؼŮ
ʵ۷ؽ̫ѡһԣڲˮѹסеơ
ʮ꣬Ѿһͷ
ôȥӻûȢϱҪѪˡ
ʱͷС̫ɱ̫ˡ
ʵЩ񣬺޲ɵȰź̫󰲶١
ڻˣȢϱصͽˣ
뵽ʵҲͲס飬ѺȲȥ˴Ȱ밲
̫ոջعһյĹ򣬾ͼʵ۴СһرԼһͶԼ˴
̫֪ʵʲôֵˣҪȻҲ˻𼱻ǵؽ˽ţ̨ɽϽӻع
̫۾ŶһƳ˵գʲô飿
ʵΪŸῶȢ׵¡
̫ʣѡˣ
ͻʺҵĴ
̫˻ʵһ񣬲Ȼι²ô׶ô۹⻹
ʵۼ̫ͬԼֽһ˵ͻʺǶͬˣǸ۹ŮĽŮȥӦЩ飬ʵҲԸƵ̫ˣֻ̫æˡ
ĸѡϱƽ飬̫ڸǰмӵģȻʵ۸лȨ̫룬Ӧ˻ʵ۵Ҫ
̫չȻʵ۸һЩ˽⵽ۺ˵ֶŻʵʵῶԸ𣿡
ῶԸİɡ
ʵ۲ΪȻʺô󾢶Ϊѡ̫ܲԸ⣿
һʵ⸱飬̫֪Ӹûô飬Щεػ˻֣ˣȻȥЪŰɡ
ŻΪʵ겻ȴǰʱˣһ֪Լˡ
= =
歽С̯Ÿ޵Ǹ׼Ư
Ȼˣ˵Ĺ֣ҴȥԪھұְȥѰǰϦרŵ빬ͽʡ˵Ҷ㲻á
ϧؽСĵ߹ŮŸЦҲС˰ģ㰮Եģĸ˳ڣҾͽСӸϼݣؼԿɺã
ȻӦ£Ȼһ£ʵιùýڣеһ¡
歺ʲô£
ǰЩ˸ңܾɫЩ⣬ιùָһ
ιù歵̵ŮҲǹﾭ̵һЩŮʹ塣
歵ʵڲˣιùþǰ̽ˣҪٹղܻ
˵歴ؿ˸һۣö˶˵ģôͻȻˣǲǸҹģ
ȻǣĽҴӻȡϸϸøӣɫôΪģ
˵Ц䣬ͷŮ˵̫ߵܹùˡ
ܹù̫ߵĵɽͬĶһۣ˫˫վܹùӭ˽
ܹùò鹦򣬺ֱ˵⣺̫֪ʼҹ빬ˣȥһˡ
ЩŵӣܹùʵĸǱ߿ʲô𣿡
ܹùõûʲôҪ£̫ҲδˣȥѰĪҪġ
һμ̫Ƿؾʱлʵڲ֪̫ͻȻҪΪΣЩ
Ȱ̫һĴȰģ֣겻ˣֳˣǱȴǰʱÿЩ
Ķظ̫񣺡̫ˡ
̫󣬸ľͰ̫˵⡣
̫˰յתͷԸĵ̫˵Ļúǲۿֵˣ뽫鷿ļ绻ӣһͼɡ
¶Ϊ֮ɫ̫ҲؽҪɣֻ年һͺá
Ӧ̫ƺ;ЩˣŶԷֻҲҪʱ̫ЪϢƬ̣ȳŮָ֮
̫Ц˵ãܹùõȥ޵
ֽʶֳɵģ֣ùõָ¿ʼͼ
ԼһʱͷйŮ첽ӣ̫ӵˡ
ֻø»ʸ밲
῵񡱣תͷ֣ùʵĸڴȰ
֣ùõ̫޵ЪϢյȲա
´ӹŮеĲյתͷһԱ߾ĸġ
ǸոɳĴף¹ɽ˵¹ޣΪ飬֮׵˵ͨ»̫ϲķ
ῶŸʵ̫빬ģ
Ů빬Ǹ񣬻ϵһιùá
΢ɼüߣ
ıһԾȻ
̫ЪϢļֻΣ˵һʱٶ޻
ջ֣ùÿڴ˳Ĭιù⼸ջ̽ˣҲûѰգ
һԴŮ֥ŸЦ֣ùʱҲһѺ֣º̫ӺЩʱѶ֣ùģǹɻһ֣ùҲ޷ġ
Ľ˳˫ֵݸ֣ùãǰռָɫôȱ˵ʲôùơ
֣ùýҷϸ˿ڵʱֻԱ̫ӳŲµͷһμʽҲȤ
һ˶סˣ뿴ῡ
֣ù̫Զ㽫תϡ
῿һۺ󣬽ҽߵ⣺ȷȥжоһ¡
֣ùó׳Ĭˣ֥ᣬϱЩס
⻹ͷһ˿߻˵Ҫйоһ¡
Ҫ֣ùú̫ӵڣĺ޲ܶմһҳϢˣ
̫ԭĹԼпԣ˭ոΣ֣ùþ͹͸¶̫ѾͷСʱĹˣڿʹء
̫ԭԺ̫Ӻ̫ǷԼ֪빬ͰͶ밲ȻԼ۾ܲԾ䣬Ӷ˼Ҹʼҹﶼ˼ˣȷʱ˵һˡ
ȻҲ̫˴λؾ⣬Ƕ⼸Ȱ밲ʱҲڿ졣
Ȼ֪飬Ȼÿյĺ飬ڶ̫ҲЦòá
뵽ԺλǸĵĸףԼպʱŸ̫࣬еŤ
̫ϳɣһǸϲͣѵãҲԸ˵
⼸ճ£֮ͬҲûٹҪ̸ЩӻʵԼ߶飬̫Ͻţ½ʱΪѡ޼κ˼ҵճ¿ؿһ
ò˵ѡλ䲻Ǽѡ˵зģȷʵǿףȻκ˱ȸԲô˼Ȼ῿õĶ
ûиĵĻû׼Ҳѡ
κͬ˵޽񣬵Ҳһɡκһ׷ױأΪðԸ⽫κƸ˵ʵǳڹģҲʵʵΪԼ롣
ة˽ԹӣʮָжȻѡ˾ܾ
뵽Լڵ˼ĹŮͻȻúЩԲסʼҡ


11

ĺҲûгá
峿ϴϣһ׼ϳǲ֪ģƤһֱ˼Ҷ˵֣߶Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
̫ƽ糯ҲʱøһЩ
ڹоͼƽϵͬŴк󣬱ӿ˲뿪Ƿ֮ء
˭֪ڸ׼뿪Ǭ֮ʱ̫е·Τｫס
ؿ·Τһۣ·ܹܣղ
·ΤŸЦʮֺƣūү̫аδүˣүȥȰɡ
ʮֲõԤУȴҲֻӲͷƤ·Τܹܴ·
;͵ȵۣʮʱѹƷΪһ֪ݡ
ǡƺˮôްӽ
֪̰ƣѲղֺôϲ޽϶ֽţºӰ̮ŭ
ʢѲŰһڶԱ׷侮ʯȫƵһϣ·ĳֶΪ²
껹ǻʺ̫ʮϧţһȵ۶֮֮Ҫ󳹲˰
Ȼȥ𣬵̫ȴΪ´ȥһֵֵֶúܲ졣
Щ̫Ȼ϶ԸһֱģʵҲûЮ󱨡Ƕ̫ʲôҪ󣬲øôΪѣܾܾ
գ̫ǡǡһøΪʮֵҪ
̫˵׵ġ
ϥ£͸һŮ
ӴȰ󣬸ֻ﷢࣬뵽ĪϺ͸ĿܵķӦǾͷۡ
ϲ٣ص̫⽫ѡΪ̫¶Īһ˵ĪĬ˼ֱֺӾ͵ˡ
˼ѰũŮɵøĸةˣҪŮ͵ͷȥҪǲǣ
Ц:ǵû̫һң˵ң蹶ĶڻǷأﻹнĺӣô̫ûҪκ飬ֻһʵڲ֪ξܾ
ĪֻֽűؿڶЩ£һĶ˵ԺֻԼ±ǣպǱضһȫ˶ΪޣΪ⣬ҪΣҪ˵Ķ˵ȥҿɿڡ
á²ͷ˲ģȻͬĶú˵˵
¡ĪͻȻֹڵɫͬ˵£׼ܰŵɣϳЩͬ˵һ˵£һǵѴ
һҹߵշתĪϷźۣ֬ĽеԺһš
һĪ⸱ģ֪ˡ
ĵһӦǸ⵽˻ʵ򱻶ֹݳʲô飬鳼³ˣҲӴԽһһֱĵ顣
˸֮⣬Զŵֳĸ׶żӣпֳǱʲôֵ¡
ĺ˼֮ʱĪ̾ǵﲻãŽһǣȴղܻȫ
ü͵һ¡
ﵽ׳ʲôˣĪϻ˵ֻѲ̯˻ﳭҵĴ£
Īϼ޵ǲˣ̫ټ뽫̫ӵ飬һʱûпסôӦΪ뷴ڶˡ
ģ
˵ܲҪ
ĪϿŸɷ׵Сظգúӣ÷һַͬǷ񡭡һܰɣ

ȻҲһ㡣
޵ǸˮŮˣ׺ǿڹɷ򡢶Ů˶ˡĺϲĸоҲԸ¶˼ĺøУΪպһϺš
Ǹ򸾿ųģŻòҲۣƷһϾǹصģⱲ䲻ұ֤󸻴󣬵һһгȶĻ
޸῾͵ڼ޸δ֪ս
ȻûзϺͻʺǱأûпܡ
Ǽô˵ʺг𰡣ʺʱ򶼲˵˵
ҪǻϺͻʺܷԾͺˡĪϿ֮ϧ
һҲˣ붼ֵ֧ġ
빬ʱ򼸴κ̫Ӽĳ˵ûƲԼš
ںϳµʱꡣ
ʱգȻǵõ길׼ʱԵۺ䣬Լȫһ̻̲յѹȸкС
ǵĵ̨󱻷ܲܺúվﶼǸδ֪
˵Ҳ̫˼Ҹģ̫Ҫ͸һ޷Ӻ;ܾ
˼ֲ̫ȥӣǿϱⱾҲǶԸʼҺ˵һֿ϶
Ȼ̫Ӳϲǻʵۻʺ̫ô֧ŴŮӼˣȶҪ̫ϲۺȳҲǾٲά衣
˼󣬸չ黹顣
ԭͲš͵ˣͨ󣬷תͷȰĪ:ҲǻʼҸ棬ٹŮζβأģҲίȻµѾӦˣҲʹˣûٻϲҲŵ˿ŴõĻԵԼչ鲻á
ŮôѹˣŰοżĪֱŮĶ¸жһ:ҶʡãĪҪġ
ΪŮ飬⼸ûиʵκκɫ糯ʱ򶼱ֵһֻĬĺ«
ʵ֪ҲȥǸͽȥоһµɷƶ˳顣
ûʲô飬Ѹоɷ޶ʱƵƵ
ܿ죬λͬҲĲԡ
գ뿪󣬴˶ߵ̲Ǯ:Ǯ֣ãү⼸е㲻Ծ
Ǯ˺˵ⷽİ:ǲΪҴҽ׻˵飿
ƶϲǿѨ硣
ոƷͨʹ˽ǾĺˣҴ޵ĻҲһֱܹע
ǰʱף̫̫ʾѾ˼ңлλĺ⣬ʱû뷨
Ҳ֪ʮһ׽ҶŮ𽥴ԺҲ׼뷨
ɾ⼸̫̫ͻȻת˿ڷ磬̽µķ̫̫Ծܾ֮⡣ټϸ⼸յǷϱ֣ΧȺڷ׷ƶϣܿзǵ˼Ǻ󣬶Ȼܾͬʼҽһ¡
ֱԱǼ񻶣˾ǲһ㣬ͨȨ֮£¶˫Ͷȴһֱֱģסңݷʵѵá
ƽʱͷд漰ĶһЩ˺ÿ
ڡ˼ʵû顣
ЩΪ֤
˷׷ױʾ˲ӲֱͦةԿǳõϣܵļ
ٺչϵͬǶԼͬȥȴ붼˾⡣
ʱ˳̶Ȳڸ
ǰĪһ˼̫̫ͣҲƽһӴöһ¶ϸڡ
ȴĪϴȴһûжסѹӦ˽ļ붫һԼҲʹϡ
򸾲̰̫ĵλԸŮ빬Ǿʼֻǳչ黹ֲʼҡ
ĪԺ˷ҲʧһޣţҲûټˡ
̫ӵ£ҪʲôʲôȴƫƫȴҪǶϱͽƵС


12

¶֮ǰԼĴңǸʡʮֵ͵û˿Ҫҥ˼˷ٶǽš
˳Ѧһԫ֣һһΪ˺ʫģ÷£ϲһ
˳ү޲ãѦԫǳӣƽóֺϲүûʲôʧ¡ʢʮ꣬ʵ۸˶ӷӣ˳ҲȥȥԣȻˡ
ԴˣѦԫͳ˲ӡ
Ѧԫûеĸ޻£۸ڶЩҪ׵˼ͳͳϣô߲ɵͲ͵ϵ˶ʮ꣬ܵܶɻˣԼĻȻû䡣
գѦԫͼӸźȾʱ˵˸ҹﱻ˻顣
Ѧԫۺ֮£ֻøʼҲү˵㣬ǶԼҶŮǼõģȻʼҴڹûʲôҲûʲô۶ӣҼö˵üΪȢҲǲС
˳⼸һֱûʲô£ڼҳϱȢ˸ŮԸ׺Լ;ص棬Ҳһܽи׺ͼܵܶԹĿ࿴
Ϊ鲻ѣĹฮǰԺ鷿Ҳѵõ徻
ڸվڴʱ˳Ѧԫһ͹ˣŷ˶ʱˡ
˵ҲһΪѣСҲ֪ǸͬûѾ˵æˣһֱŷţ˵ҪҪүԸǣŲߣ
˳ǰжʱһֱ£λү˵ˮݣʼҵŷÿż˵мʮˣ˿չӰ첻ãҲ뵽ⷽԭͬ
ػ˻֣Ǿͽɡ
Ѧԫô˸鷿һͱϹϾݼˡǰʱ͸ϷҲһν飬ֻЩ긮ϽæҴţίʵ
ָӣֱ׵ĻʡˣֱӴϵ֪ѦӽãΪ£
Ѧԫ˵Ƚ˻ˣСֶţԸ˷ǡ
ЦǣҪΪҷǣ
ȻɫƣѦԫ¸ûйϵһΪŮ˻̫µġ
СֶԸʹףù䣬ܵԷš
պýүͿϲ裬һ˵ĶԻû̾
Թԣͷʲô˶Уֻǰ˵ɼǲġ
үΪĻģһֱлûºˣ¾㱸ͲҲ׼ֻкˡ
ԶһΪã꼰޹
ˣֱӽ˳ȥθ˭˵Ҽҹﱻף
ѦԫһɤӺˣСͷô˵
ҼҹŮٲãҲֲ˻Ф룬ƾҲȢҸŮĴΣ
Ѧԫһձ˳ȥˣŷŵĸ·߿ǱѦԫĬĬ֤ʵԼĲ룺Ȼ֮仹вԽĺ蹵˳ǰ£ʱŽжӹʾãܴҲӦõġ
ǰͷ˴鲢ʲôܣ칦ĪϷ˶֪ˣţߵĺӣҲ˴£ȻҲ֪ˡ
˵ǶѦԫǸ竷Ƣһ
һ棬õ⼸ܰѱŵǿȥǺ£һ棬ĵú棬ѦԫôԼҳϹϵģǵõʢŭ˲յҲǸ˲š
ûȸһĪȥԺһˡ
Ķʵ̫̫Ϊ£
ˣʺߵ֣̫̫ҹһˡ
İһ׼ѺЬӣ̸ĸ¡
ı߻ѱʵˣִ˷ǰΪ£
³׼һ׳ȥɽԣȥ
ġŶһǵҪȥ𣿡
үӺǲãѾؾˡϣҲǴ湬ǹ̽ͺЩҩĹ
鲻ãԸϳԾ͸˼٣ƲȥҲ֪ġϸȥԺʱ򣬹ȻѾˡ
ǰҲΣһ㶼ǵͶʱŸģǱȴǰʱӹ˼֣ȶ˶˸񣬶ԸЦ³Ǹӣ׼ȥɽԣҲ֮Сū澳ʱ򣬴صū澣ɶȻҪ붯͹һء
ľðɣϷҲҪȫףڹƢСƵģʲô벻ˣΪŮȻҪȫ
лֺͻʺ⣬³ۿž⼸ˡǵʵڲã粻ڼңһŮҪ׸̷ҩʵڲ߿¡
ѹŸصү没𣿡
Ŭסϱ飺Ȼġ
ζȥܱմǿЩүôͷţɲͲˣ
ģ
ϹȻкܶˡ
ɽΧգʼҾûһǰʧ֮Ա̫ʧòɫ
˳ѦԫҲڣΪ֮ǰ˴ԣȥԷϳˣ˵Ѧԫǵ˶ŭΪڽڹϸʼǧ׵Եʡ
ҶѦԫӲʹ
ȻҸֱȨƣǳеʸĳҪĳѡҵδŮδػ޲ôῴѦԫأ
˵ǰ²Ҳֱ࣬ӽ˲ԣǲүñӸժˣΪ
ҺԲ벽²󳾣һǻԶԾԶѦԫ
ѦԫҲܰգͲͷһȣóóȻȥʼûɣΧһ˱ӣ˳ŶԼҺһ
Ѧԫվڽѻʱ̫ߵС̫첽ܹѦԫôԸ磿̫ȥء
δԣ˶ע̫ϡ˵ҪѡˣҶ뿴̫ӽ׽ļңЩˣͲˡ
˭֪̫ӵһҪѦԫ
ѦԫﳤѾˣûСôֵأ
Ѧԫа⣬һΪ̫֪ԼìܣҪԼƨ߶ƨ߶ܹȥ̫Ӻһ
῵üȥฮ׵ѦԫȻǸͦ
̫Ӵϵ´һ£ڴһֻ׵ĸһѦԫͻȻЩõԤС
̫Ϸ𣺡㸸˳˵ѦӽĲɶг͸պͱԱ԰գעӮͷҲá
պǶ书ȻСѦԫСʵʵ£ôȣ
ͱһȽɣʮغϣ˼῵
Ǵûеıȷ
ıȽһ˵ֻҪһȥһӮˣѦԫȴҪǧѡĶʮغϡ
ȻûеıýǴȻۡ
Ѧԫϱ̵ʮ˻غϱˡ
̫ߵĳӿһۻͷѦԫ̫ӳϿҽûмˣغϣ滻һսɺã
Ϊ̫ӲӦ֮ʱȴӦ
̫ӹӺãҲã񵫴ӲڶСǹõʦ̳ġѦԫǸ廨ͷ궼ȥһУģպŰôãǱľ
̫ҲռˣûѡֿȭͰѴѦԫſ顣
Ѧԫ̫ӵŰɱ˲²⣬Ѧԫһ̫ˣԱôݡ
뵽ҲԾѦԫԶһЩ
̫ӣлȨˣѦԫ˳±ˣһҪСģܸ˿ҲҪƿ³Ҳһܲҡ
лҪ˵л4498002Сɰĵף~

13

ֳ̫ôĶʵȻҲ˵ˣûԼӺֻ֣·ϳɵ̫ϻͦȤġ
ùź󣬻ʵ۾Ͱ´йԼ壬˳һºġ
˵˳ҵĶӶˣô˸Ȥ
῵Ѧԫɢʼҹﱻ˻ҥԣΪѾʼֻʩͰˣ㲻ʲô
ʩ𣿹ѦԫҪڴС˰ɡ
ò˵ҲǸݽɫ
ʵ΢Ц̫֮ʱͻȻڵʴʱּͻ飿
ʵһ£޴Ӧة࣬ͻȻһϾҪ޵ͷΨһĹ鲻ãҲҪ
һߣպɽҪָæأܲڰ˵ﵽҰɣ
῵һʱ׳нǻʼҵ飿
һӴ󣬿ʮֵĲԸһԴһȣעһҲǲܡ
Ȼ滹ûʲô񸮺񲿶Ѿʼ׼ˣҪǸͷҪŮ˶ؼҵ飿
ʵۣ
ܾЩܲǡ
Ȼ÷Ҳ˵ȫ󣬿ôһȣǻ𣬶ϱнɲһʲôģôô죿
ʵֹסԼɢѵ˼ά
ǲòϣ̫˵öԡ
Ҳûǡ
Ͷӵ֮ǻãʵջѡԼĶӣУͰ˵İ죬ǰּɡ
ѾӦˣϱ綼Ǽġ
̫ӵĻ£ʵ۲ӡ
ѾȢףֻ̫Сһ꣬Ҳ˸Ȣ׵ͣź³˫ԭ򣬻ʵţһѡˣʡҹζࡣ
ھ˺һɸѡۺʵ۾ãຫŮӱȽ䡣
óۺ󣬻ʵۼ̱ڼ򰲹ͬ¡
ǹڳƲ˽⣬ϲĹĹҲ̳ĺӣԺܹļＸֶǵĺ
ˣԲĶȥǹֻʵ۵ǹԹһһģҲɣȻͬ⡣
㶨ĸĵڶ죬ʵصټࡣ
ԴӸ̨ͱѹ̧ͷʵǰҲʧ˳裬Ѿܳʱ䶼ûеûʵ۵ټˡ
еŻʵۣʵ۱ЩͷƤ飬æִˣվˣ°ա
л󣬻ʵʵϴѾͷ˼ˣ
˱ϹϾδ˵ס
ʵãѾͷӵҲʣÿɺã
ôһڱûѺ˸ˣæǹ˴ߵлʶ
֮ǰŮĻ̫ˣʵ۲㶼ˣѡϱ˼ңӦǧлġ
ŸоˣʵЦеؽش꽫ͻʥּܿͻ´ʱҲˣȥЪϢɡ
ټǸ˵ãʵһúĻ죬˵ԣȸ裬Ʒһ¹»塣
Ƕ࣬û顣
Ȼ̬ȱϰٱֹǾøദãһɵɶо񣬲ò˵֮Ĳ໹ġ
̶ֽһӵĻ£ֱӺ󣬻ʵ۵Ȼܲϲ֮Ա 
²ܹ̫࿴ʵⷬ飬뵽ųŵֻ࣬֡
ǰൽǬ幬ʱʵã಻ټˣʥ󣬻ĺãѵǹҪˣ
ʵдֺֺС
ò˵ǸúӣС󶼽иĸʡģ̫Ӿ̫˲ˣԼΪӵڿҿҾҵҵ࣬˺ģԺһҪúѹեΪ͢С
ʵ롣
= =
󣬴ߵСӴһըϢŴص:£Ǳߵų˷̫ӵҪȢ̫ҵǧ𣡡
Ӳŵ˭ôװִҲšǸʼҺҿˮݰ̫Ҫͬ¾йˡ
һֱ;ʮֲƽԼǳӣҲҲ㣬ȴֻΪûڻʺ͸֮λֻñ
ǶȰ̫ͬӱͷӲŹκһθ̫µĻᣬȻҲһ
Ųӹ̫ӡ
λϾǴ磬㲻ȴòӴ
ͬῺѼ䣬֮󻰷һת:ҴҪȢҵĹŮˣһҾͰһ٣ⲻǳ𣿵Ǹ඼ѹүȥˣôܽܵ˸ʼҹ
˵ӷȻһ㣬Լһ:찡ĺĺ
ҺʹһҶйܻԻ͵һʱڣҲڳзͥ
ҵ°ܽ⼸ȴˣҲѹִӻ¶һС˵־
ῴӷصļ̌ͷƳ˴һۣλһֱôһҵӣҲ֪ﶼô̵ġ
῵:û£ľ˸Ҳȥְ˲ʱ䣬Ҳһ
ԭһңȴԷһӹסЩεعһڲˮûһ˵:ʼǹﲻǴǰһϿεŮҿҲƽƽ棬һûٲҲ¿ƽʿˡ
ῸղŻЦЦ˲ʱ
еظоղԡ
ڴʱųƽλ±:ˡ
ͣŻʵ񡣻ʵЦеؿ:ϴҲڣôɰʲôأ
һЩİˡ῵һǽжһ顣
ʵʵ:£
ǰ˵ģдΪղѲӽ϶Ƶ飬Ϊʡ
ʵ:ΪΣ
῵ΡκλٶϺ꣬о⼸վǴھдתطٳ壬ʱİ컵·
׻һ㷭ǣ۽粻ûжʤβ
ʵ۾̫Ժе֮ǰҲǣκμλĳƼϢڼңҲûУӦ
ʵ۵:̫˵Ҳ޵޽׼˴԰һмλ̫ס̹Щû˿Ҳã¾ͽϴաϿƿ£ǽǻŸЩ
Ӿøζˡ
òֵĲ£ŽζֲһԼô̫ӴСЬûˡ
峿ʱʱ˵첻ʲôӣ³СЩιȻǸ


14

ΨһŮҪڼ֮ڼˣ޵˻ԼˣʧһҲ⡣
ԭΪĪϻøһ㣬û뵽ǣĪϵıȴԽϿ죬һֱѻ״̬
ĪϴǰҲ̫һ棬СӳݲŮ⣬Ӳû˵ĸ￴ŮԽԽϲġ
ȻȨ㳯ҰЩ꣬ϰ˵һȴŮĻʧȨ˱⣬бʵ۱ѵĿʹһʱ֮߳
մãĪ´ιԺӣŮϷ˵ˣתůˣҲðѽλЩˣͼϲĴȥҰա
ĸ׳ɢɢǺõģȻͬ⡣
Ϸգ˸磬Īһͬ˳ǰȥ︮
ǱȨԵңҲǸɩɩصҡ
ĵ游游ңʼԶ꣬Ī漮꣬񶨾𽥱Ե
ΪңĻе̣صĸ˻飬ƷԱ
Ҷ޵˸ʼң˴ۿŸʼҾȻôõ
Ȩƣеλʥģ̫ү£йѧǵ֧֣¶˵ǼΪġ
Уˮ֡Ϸģ̫үһĳǵļ
ЩߵĻˣܱɡĴϡûĳ緶Ȼڸ˺ǧǰֳ
ʷȻûдΣһĻʽ۸񲻷ƣǮû֣ʽٿʴϵ·ǶǽµĹУʥŨɲֻ˵˵ѣ˶Ըʼ˺޵ҧгҲЦӭ
ʷ˴ŸһСͷѾͷ˵̫̫롣
ļλ˲ԼͬشҪϷɫҵķˡǴҲҳʼֱ϶ǲ̣һǶûīˮŮһǸʫԻҷˣҪһֿˡ
ԤƸʷ˳ɫһ᲻ÿ˶Ųյſ֡
Ըˬʣ˺ƣȴظͶĪϵƢ˵׼ãûнǶĪ϶ϱ⡣
ڿϵˣĪһӴţ˻Ķϱ
Ϊصķ̫̫׼൱⣬ź󣬼ﲢû¶ϱźţǸŸʼҹȥϡ
˳ɻ鼸񣬸ͨûУһֱܺϷһڶ˵ڳҲչˡ
ϷϲһŮô۸ʼˣһ֣ã
ȲˮϢһܣɵȵĪϺ͸ĳۼķ˷֣϶һ֬һͲǷƷ
Ըղ沢ûдϷһϺ֬˸ʹȻĵʮǢг˲ɶЩʧ
ΪеһȨ˿еļ࣬˵ʵҲЩ̫Щ
ǲ˵С֪ǡȨ㳯ҰĴʡ
ҹӸԼϢҲãȢ´ҹŮ
ĪŮĻˮƽһ㣬ŵһٱӣ˹Ѳ˵ʵۼν͡
ͣջŮ˸ͷ
뵽̫˵̫̫һЦҹϸ¾ѾˣȻ׼ŮҲرã޲˺ôһءǸʼôһȣͻȻһ֡ҹûҪҼҹŮѶסԽС
ôһ֣ԺҲ޸õķˣôһ룬̫̫ͻȻƽ
մҳһЩƽİ֮⣬ŵĪ̫⡣
Īڲͷô⣬˶һҪ ͸¶κϢ
һʵ۷ˣ»лתأ͵Ů̧̧ȥ
򵥸˵ּͻ飬ҧأϡ
ǶԴӿʼĪֻţͷβһԲںҹŮ˻ҲֻЦЦ
ĹŮǻʼҺҪȢģȵɻ֮ʱЩű˵õп븾Ǿ°͡
СҲһ˵δĹչһЩȻǡ̫֮λỨ˭ҡ¡
ĵһʱ;ЩԣԭԴ˵Ůͬ滰ԣһֱڱͷ
ĺضһԵؾСʵ:ʲô𣿡
ؾ͵ֵ:ڵûУ
Ȥ̫ô
ؾ:ôֵõǣ֮λˡ
һһЦű߼ҶԷˣֻò⡣
Ѳһ檡֣ܹ޵Ĺȴǽ檣벻ͨ
˵ĵطнս
û뵽ǣսһҲյԼϡ
ˣԼŵ³ߣȴຫҵŮסȥ·
⼸걻ѹ̧ͷȥ꿪ʼǺùһЩ
Ÿİ˰°ѣԼ:͸ʼʶô꣬Ǹ񵭰ӣȴþһ³˷˼⡣
⻰Ķڸȷ̫Ѻãһ氵ָڹûжһǽ׷粨ֲһŸġ
Ļû˵ؾȲ:Լǳĵ¶ûĶأȥĲԼйܱ˼ҵ¡
ͬʼǲһģѵλûѾ׼ҺӵĻô
뵽ԺټʱԷҪԼʰüֱҪ
ӣǸݰ
΢ɼһ´:ǹϲˡ
İ첽˹Ÿļе:ܹ˺͹̻ظһҲܵˡ
ֵʲôҪҺͰȥ𣿡
ͻ鶫ʥּˣشܹܻظּء
סˡ
鲻ãڴϺߺװʵ۴ӦЩ֮ٴͻ飬ôǰûУôͻȻأ
վһԣİ⻰Ժɫࡣ
ѹָʼôóóȻңװһܺߵӣԭ˼Ҫ̫ˣ


15

̫ѡȷһףþһƬȻ
˷׷׸п˵Ȩ㳯ҰȻ鴫ѡδʺ˵ȴϣԻҶ˴Ӱ졣֮󣬽лʵۺ̫Ӷ
ฮ˶̶̼֮˵Ǳŷǰδеļ顣
ﷳ꣬Ըһɲһڡ󵳡⡣
Щȴǲеġ
ŹŶתʹ˾Ǯ˵İ鷿
ǮҲˣĸͬϷ˸ǱѰǮ˺͸ǷСͬ⼸һֱڽְ˴νżȻǸӴ´μֲ֪ҪȵʱԴһƴǲʵЩ˵ȥ
ջǷԸ齫˽
Ǯ˽鷿ͬѹЦļ򣺡Ǯһûʲôˣֻ㣬ģͶءԭΪֻЩʥϾˣŵһ·ڿʵԶԶֹô򵥣ҳѡǲףֵû뵽̫ӻ¶ң϶ͷĿ࿴
ԾüͷǶôΪ
ġǮ˰οû˸Ҷ˵ЩʲôǶǼʡ
ҲǱƵǸԩˣ
ݺᳯô꣬˼άתΪͶˣΪŮµԭһЩ޷㷢ļǻ
ҹɫŨ鷿ǰԺСƣСˣԼĻԻһ
жɴ۹ҲΪȵʱڣʵΪ˶һʮ˰պʮƶдҲ׷վӣλӶʧܺȻҲܵǣδЩУһ˾˹١ùĹµĸӱֱơ
ȻˮʱԹͷⱲҲֻһΣй̫;ûʲôӰ죬Щ˵ǹ˳˳ˮȴû뵽ڼ޹Ů¶ôĸͷ˵ǻ¬ҲΪ
п֮࣬䣬дݣһҹͼֵ°ҹŻȥڰԼڸðˡ
ڶգĪϱȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽΡ
̫ҽ˵ಡˣСͽҩฮһ֮󣬷ಡòأѰС纮˼ҩͳ˳̫ҽԺ
̫ҽڻ̫ҽԺ·ϱ߱ĥ
˵ǰʱһֱ岻ãҲûϳȾ˷纮ϼӲ·ͬСɣҪϻ㱨һʵ۹ɳԲΡ
ʵ۽пգ˵ԷΪة£̫ҽյ̫ãڳټ
ʵ̫ҽĻ㶣һֱΪõĲӻǲˡ
ǰջö˶˵أôͻͻȻأ̫ҽ˺󣬻ʵ۾ͷԸ߸ܹմͬúò̽һ
մͬһվȥฮ̫̽ҽԣΪҹԺԺȾƴԵʣôˡմͬҽǵôţͦصġ
մͬǬ幬ֵ̫λãȻҲǳصģֲ̽һмλ£Щʱն˭̽ү˳̽һ³з򣬵óշүҹ˯ܵͷԭ򣬴Ǳ̰Եʡ
ʵҲû룬̶̼ʱڣةྐྵȻôί
ʵֶνЩԱˣȻ̫ӹȥฮ̽
ԺⱯۣ˵֮Ҳżֱǻةģʵд˼תͷ̫ӵȳȥתתգ޵ة˵仰
¶Ǵͻֵãڿ϶ôӣΪһʾɲةӡ
޹̽ʱǡ˹̷ҩĸġ
Ŀ˲٣ɫҲǴδй㲣εҲӰ첻С
ĺ޵Ľ׷ݵİ꣬ʮס˸ʸΪ蹵Сֳ࣬һĽ̻壬ͬҲȻϤ
СʱޱȽʱδߡų꣬ܲʮ޵Сѿ෬շ޻ֵ³ģһת۾ͳŮꡣ
һӻҪͬ˵˸ĸ˺ȴнڣһ򵥵ʺﾹҲ˼繡
ͬ޴к󣬺Թܼ˵ͷ̽أҴǰ˼㣬ȥ鷿ҿܶ飬ȱԺȥ̽ա
ȻҲڣô˿϶ٲ˵ģҲ˿ߵ˵ٸ鷳лת뿪
ȻĶ޲޶Ů֮飬תȥ֮ʱҲ̲סЩί
һӡиһǿȴΪԼĻ³ӣܡ
Ϊһֱ֪ĸʱŮչҪ˵ģǸĹޡǶһֱŸºӡ󣬸ҼúͳҲ˹ϵ
⼸Щĵһ飬˭֪Ż»ǻˣղùʧܸС
̾һ
Զ῿ģҲһ̾Ҳ֪޶飬ֻû뵽ϲôպҪһЩܽ˴ĵĨȥ
գʵΪ˰οԼصϴҲΪ˽ةպΪ͢ԷŵҪٻؾУһΪƷ١
ȷٳ裬ڸְͣλˣǷëǣʮʱҲƷεء
ʵ۵ʥּµʮѸ٣칦򣬸ʹɩɩһ˫ŮؾУĲҲɫ
ŸźҲһʱգһҵʱûлعǣλؼҳȥϷﱨ⣬Ǻɷ򡢶ŮһؼҼ
飬һЩһűܼӭ̡ү͸ˣ̫̫˵ء
ضˣòŮˣϲüҡ
ͬŮĸ蹵Ļ£ӵ۷׷ף˵ջȨƵͷ
һֱãˣҪ̤̤ʵʵĹӣôϡЩпõġֻҪҾҵҵΪЩ£պʷϻŮʲô˼Ҷɣ
ͬʼȷǺô࣬ڳвƹ߻´ָʡ֮ǰһĹʹ࣬νͨнֹ
ʼֳ˸̫պŮĺǶСıֵܣǰʲôģǲٷЩʲô
ҪǿǵӰ첻ã޲ȥϴһ䣺˭Ҽ޹Ů۹ã
Ȼˣ蹱㲻ںԺͣͬԬϸ˺󣬱ȥ˵鷿
ԬϼŮԶ󣬶Ůʼվһ˼ң㸸׵ִҪ޹ȥһЩ̫ģڿһҴǼõġȻظʱЩȥǲƷҩģ˵ǹ۲ˣҪźá
Щҹɲų۲ģչ黹żĻ£µĲˡǵʱҼҹţҪ˵ϲһĻǿɲ
಻Ż£ԬϾˣΪΣ
Ҳ๫ͷ©ģǧ⴫ˡ˵СǱŽġҹӴС÷ɲŮòģӸк󣬼ԭǴ¾ฮ׵ģ˱ʼӲһӡ뵽÷ʼңһǻ»һ꣺ǡ
ةҵŮʲô˼Ҳţ˵ˣһһ˵̣۶Ҳ᲻Ů빬ΪΪġ
Ԭ϶ݵҲǿ߻µһˮͷõӣɫʺСҴȥСӡƽ㲻⣬Ҫ࿪ľЩǰ
Ҷʡãĸ׷ġ

16

İӣˡ
ķվɩɩˣ
ŸĵСɫãƹǰ꣬Ҳ԰Щ
صŮĽϵϣضŸЦЦЩʱģһ⡣֪ﶼǺöҲҰŪˣѾͷǴա
ɩɩù⼸ζӣһǼõĶҺϲﲮĸˣɩɩл
Ϊϱǲȥǰ̼ģÿӦîˣǸʼҵ֧λĹҲǷĵģɫ๫һȥʡ˲ϼˡ
ʲôĲΪ⣬ϾҪˣպٲûҪɩɩչ˸ĸˡ
˵⻰ͼ˲ǣ¸ĵıǼ⣬ĸ׽οĵ飬룬ҶǰҲڹѧλӵʦ̹̫ӡ˵̫ӵǸǷǵĵĴˣһܹͨұεݺүûϵҪǻϵ˼ü޹ȥίġ
֮ǰ֮Ĺڣ±Ƚˣĵ׷һɺҲûϵǸԼģֲǸġ
ǰʵϰʱҲһλ˾ΪʵϰӦôӣи׳̫ѲҲа취ӦԵġ
= =
ڣ¯гˮȽȽֶŮŮпû뵽ѡѡȥȻѡ˸ʼҡһ˵⣬Ҳ֮УϾ⼸ʼʵ¡衣
؋Sż˵ʱҪ̫һģ֪ѡжӦ˾˾ҪͽĻɻ
ȻġȻ̫ѾˣѡҲˡ˵̫ӵĻջ̫涨ģӦ̫µҪ̫ôˡҲˣ̫һֱϲµɽ۽Ҷ׼ˣ͸Sһ̫ȥա
ӦһСŮ˳
؋SϥΨһĺӣһζسЩδЩҲЩ֪ߵغ
ȥȰ;УЩģ؋S԰οţ˹ﶼʹȴһ˶󣬻ҺĸӦǵʱúóıܽǸʼҹѹȥһͷ
溬ߴˣ˵⻰ֻ֪ҲǸġ˼ҲҲǸ̰ˣܱȵùأ
؋S֮ԱǣԵĵط̫Ӹ绹ʹɣȻ˶ŮˣȻҪ˵ģշ˵Ļǿһɽȥ
һŮӵЦ˵ֹǸõĴŮһȻ⻹δأôշˡ
˻ͷһйĴ̫ӵĵװã歡
؋SͬҲ˲ͷΪǻʺϾѹһͷټ歱ûʵϲҲŴǶǰÿζ正؋SһζûӮ򲻶ء׵ԭʧ˻ʵۻʺĻģǣ˵
Ǹһǰ؋SȻǸһɳô֮؋SŽЩˡ˵һ仰Χ̫๬ŮͼӴһΪճ֤ݣٽĸΪѡ
Ƕ؋SҲҶ˵ʲôֵĻֻǿСĸ밲Ҫȥ
˷̰ģԭ˵ҪȥȰУҲΪֺ̫󣬱Ŷ˺Ҹմӻĸ⼸ЩѾЪˡоڣҲüˣȰûǱȥˡ
̫һûлʺô˵Ҳ֪ģ⻰ЩԥˣתͷҪȻȥɣպӳ顣
ȻﲻģȴҲֻܰ£ġ
΢΢һЦ첽
ʺһӽζضţ歺ЦŽкŷõֱͷӣأ쳢ϲζ
歾ֹһõֱҧڣʺ˵պĶɩɩǸʼҽ㣬ô
ѽʺЦЦ歶ϲ𣿡
Ȼϲģζ͸ʼҽһءһϲɫȻͻȻͱЩꡣ
ʺôˣ
պסһܼʼҽ㣬Ȼϲһ뵽ɩɩ̫Ҿ;ЩġһֱǸ˵ƢʼҽȻӺãҲǸΪģҲ֪պܲͬʼҽദ
ʺȻûпǹ⡣һֱΪͷԵĺӣʼҹวҲͨĹ˵ҲǿǿϣȻκ⡣
ʱŮʻʺͻȻʶкܶ⣬紵ëã粻´棬ˣ繤ͻһͷȥʲô˲ϡЩѰûʲôǳɻһӾδϲˡ
ҪǣӴǰһֱ̫æΪɾܾ檣Ҳ̧ٲź͵ײ󣬻ʵȴȫصѹϣЩѹҲˡ
῿¸Ͳ֪ͬŮദ֪Ůġ
뵽ʺɳɵӦãܡİɣ
正
̶֣ĸ󶼸˵ˣǶԶжûİ


17

Ĵʱ·øһЩתۼ͵˸ĵ
ĲѾõòˣھҪԲģŮúðһʮջᡣϾѾӣھͶ³ֻ²ʱˡ
θŮ̺ܴԶҲˡ
ô˵Ѿδˣǰڹѧʱÿ׼ģȻǵҪú׼һ
´˶˽ӳϸϸ˰죬ܾò˼һϵĽɫתˮӣ𣬴Լȥʮ·ʱ󴫽ʿ̨ͭƽǶľȣǾ£Ҳʺա
ʵ۵ⶫһ̨͸˻ʺһ̨͸
ʱ̨ȶ˻ʺǱߣһֱûйȥȡۼҪˣ͸ӦûǸѡ
ǷȱϾǸڻʺȥȡչ鲻ʣΏǴԼȥһˣʺ˳㽫Ƿȸû
Ҫ׼Ҫ֮ʱҴǰ£
Լ²ûڶƽѸʵ۴Ļһ䡰⳼ȥ˶ˣԷ࣬нʵǲʡ
ӣԸ:к˽ա
չ汻ְͣʷġ
λʷСе㲻үǶ˼ɶүǶ¡
컨˸Լƺȴˣȥ¥һ̺Թһҹ
Ĺ涨ֹԱ¥Υְ񡣻˾֮ĪǮ󣬴ŴҴҴ뿪
¥Ů̺żȻ֪ݣѾͷŶթ
ˣһֱҧҧúܽѡӣƲ֡
˴Űʱ󣬻Ϊûˣȴ̺ˣ˵ǵܵҪɻˣٸҪӣظܵܰϲ¡
֪̺Σʵû취ˣ¥ҪָһӣǮǲãȫǸ޵׶
ʾװͬ⣬ָǧӣȥ̺졣˭֪̺󣬽ѺȥҾҲ˴鷳
Ȼǲˣһڡ󵳡Ȼҵҵţû°ʹӵʷ
̺ȥ˳츮״ĵڶգͱСŻﲶ׽һըϢ
ô⵹˵ĺûᣬȻŹ
Ǳ黨˵ﲻ-ܽǽз
ֶΣ֪ģҲԽ£ְ֮ͣԲߣʵæȢϱ飬Ͼ˼Щ顣˵̫µģ͸æ̫ˡ
˵󣬵:ѾʳʱˣҲǸ׼ͣ˻˵ְɽҲûзȥ£һذա
̫ںϲ˵е飬̫Ӽֵģʵûв׼ġ
תһҲˣһΪ̫ҪȢĹŮˣҪ˼棬ŻԶԼԼ
֪ŮҪӣ޲ϽֶߣԺһѹˣоﵽ۷塣
˭֪Ϣ˼ҸĹŮҲҪˣ޵ûǵ̫ӡ
Ǹܰϲûˡ
Ȼǻӣʵ̫ӣǴλ˼ҸѾԤ˵δɣȻ
ҪͷŵŮΪС·
ԴӸŮԤδʺ֮λҶ֪ʼҼܲˡǰڹ֣øȨ̫ᱻ̫ʰˣһԶȥĸƥ˳ٲϺš
˵ˣԼҪˣһʱѪ֡
뿪֮῱ǰʺҪ󣬲ɺ:ôͻȻ
ʴ⼸ˣŲ͵ȥ
ʺͻȻӻͦϵġ死ŸԺͬɩɩദãȻģôܾദã
ʺֿ˿ⷿ´Ƿ˳ֲһϺõĻͷ棬һȥ
ῴӭײ˴ӡ
˵:µ飬֪㲻Ը⡣Ҳ˭븸˼ҲûסǶԲסˡ
῵Ƴһۣ޷
Ҳ˵ˣһֱƼԼıδޣڸǰ˵˺üθʼŮʺΪĻøûӦ
ĬĬһ:š
һ·˻ĹһǶӹˣӣк:˵̫ѡѾˣǸʼѾͷ
̾:Ҳû뵽ǰ˵£ΪǼٵء
ü:ɲǸͷȨ̫ˣ̫վһݲС
ӲŵȨ̫ʲôãҺ͸ʼˮݺ̫ͣ˶ֻίķݶʱ̫ܽӡ˵ˣĵŮҲʡ͵ĵƣʱҲܿĺϷˡ
һ£˵ҪȢຫ˼ҵŮ£
ӵҲġ˶ֻ֪⳯һة࣬Ǿࡣ̫ͬһְλ࣬ͬ裬Լռ˱ˣʵҰôûУдС˵㡣֮ǰ̫ڸǰߣҵղ⼸һҪһسӲźá
ȤҶк뷨
صЦЦ̫ѡȻ⼸վͱŸ̫ѡˣҴͷֽţƽӹ֮˽ȥ̫ǸƢиʡҵڣȢԼŮ͸̫ϵһõȥŪûʲôȤҲһ̫淣òȣպҲú
ڴӵļƻЩôģҲ𣿡
ʮ㣺ҵİɣܴˡ
죬ฮֵЩ񻰡
˲øĺԵձΪȨ̫󣬶̫һ֮֮ϣûκһּ̫ܳȨǶԼȨһжš
ˣ׼̫ţҲɲñ˲СĴšȻǰһֱھǹŮȦﲻͷҲԼһֱٳΪĽûһȨĵΪС͸һö
յĸĸоΧԺʹǰͬÿ˿۹ⶼһɣһԶԾġ
ʼסլ֮ǰϹռʩҲƣҪ԰ӽü
ŽǸĵĺӣĪڳ԰ӸĺСˣ
壬Ҳ˵㡣һ͵ʱ֣λȥˮ÷
ϯϣҵĵմŮκҪо
ĪûרǣλﶼЩƣС˵ģͷҲЩΡ
ҵĶɤʵ˭˭д
ΪˣһҪչЩͲСˣûк̫࣬ԸİȡֽʣǾɡ
ôЦ棬һСʱ͹ȥˡ
κ§ŸЦѹֶ˵̫׶ʫƪҽǼʶˡǾƺԵЩʫ䣬Ȥġ
κ˵㽫дõʫ;ҿ
ɼﾪȳԭΪֽǽдǺÿģһʽ֣֪ʲôǡˣ졯
˿¹˵óϿңһУΧŸĵֿ
ȦһֱԲŮƣҲǹддõġɿܳʫ;ŷֻ֣ܽдòļܳƵǡ鷨
ƽϲѴ֣ΪŮ类һЩǩ󶼲Ǻõıǩ类˺Ϻܶ㡣
ŴҲסڵĿޣ΢΢һЦ־дüãҲΪֺõԵʲȵ۷ۣǰʹһλãֻˡ
˵ҲʵʵˡҶΪǼֻŪȨƣȵۺͽ϶ǻͻûаīˮĲݰ
ʱһ䣬´ߣ˵ǰĸ׽ȥˣ͸¶˲ٶѡϸڣ½ߣλ˪ɫȹĹǹѡе֮һ
˳ŵؾָȥλﾹȻҲǸˡȻֻͬм֮ԵϡǵãλḸ״ǰ£һֱڸӪ
̸֮ʱתͷϸĵ۾˹
ɫ毺ã񻣬һ·߹ȹǼ˿գڸǰվӯӯʩһ񣺡ʼҽ㡣
ؾüͷֱλС㲻Ǹʡ͵ĵơ


18

֪ǲ˸˵ĵ㲦޽ฮʮƵֱ̽ϰ򿨻Ҫ׼ʱ
޹̽ʱ򣬴ʱ䶼Īϡ
ĪϿݵӣЩ۵:ս˺ԺæµڼҶЪЪͺãﲻǡ
ЦЩ԰:˸ʲôչˣͬ蹸һ𳤴󣬱Ӧִֶ̼ġԴ֪˸ʲӲãһֱܲζŸʲռãҲܽͷЩĸ˵⻰Ǽˡ
Īϸж۾ˣôõĺӣôƷ£
ҪŮպܹõжð
ϧ컯Ū˰
µְ̫䣬̫ӡӴڼ̫ºæòɿ˵ǻ̼ģʵϸûմڼ
ڣһҲпոúõ졣
蹱ȸĴ꣬ĸոʱ򣬸ѾСѧ꼶͡
һֱϳɣ˵ϲһЩ͵С顣
һȺΪ絣ģЩ¶֢
Ǻķ֣ԼĵȫǶģֻѰʱ˵ǵĳߣ׼ʱַܰѶԷԱգĴӾǺܺõӡ
蹺ȫ෴ͣһЩߵ飬ǶڸȴҲʵʵġ
һûģѵʱ˵˵һûйõǴ첻ͿʼУĵѧʣ鷨ͻֱ׽鷿ſУʱŷŹ
ñԼʵЩήң蹱Ÿĳȥ԰ߡ
ãɫˣҲͷ
԰ɫפ㣬ÿڵ̫ӻµʼĩҶ˵ˡ֪޴СҪãҲ֪̫λûʲôͷ֮ʮа˾Ų⣬Ҳû취£չǻʼ̧١㷲Ҫ뿪ЩԼҪ
ĵ͵͵Ӧһ
ĸϧɩɩοϣҲοܾãһʯĳĸҲô˵ˡ
ĶʼˣԼǲĺܲңԲŻô˱Żġ
˶֪ô֪ǲѲҪģԲŻ˴
ķةȨ̫󣬻ʵ۴ͻ飬̫ӲѲȢЩǰͷͻȻЩ棬̫Χ˻᲻Ҳܲأ
ڸ˼ԽƮԽԶ֮ʱͻȻһϤ
޶ӭ̲סϲһá
һԵĸһ
ſЩ˼ؽһʴ硣˶٣̲סֿ˸һۣŸϵм仰˵
ʱ޺ýӴչ鲻ãǿ˫۾蹾Щҡˡ
޵۾ܺÿǵ¹ϲһۣ۾˴һò
޲ǡ
۾һһ㣬γɾ޷ܾ
ջӦáԾ˵ͷ˳˰ѷ硣
֮ǰ͵͵Ѿͷ²ֵۡûͨʡʱĻ֡
蹾ţһû͸󿴱ʣµģԼͨĺ˿ɲˡ
蹾ôԶԶĿţӻӰǰһԸĵ˵ʲô˾ţ̧ͷһۣüд˼⣬ȵ뿪ûô
蹶޴Сô˵ʲô
˵ǰںԺʱѧʿͬ¡ʮʱϥλ߻ͬˣû
ʱ̲סһֱۣӴ붼롣
⻰ЦЦͻȻͽӲ
ľһԿȥ̫Ӳ֪վ˶á
еΣԲϾǲ˵Ҫ¹̽һ¸ס
˳ߴһ¸Ͻɽϰࡣ
蹶Ÿʹ˸ɫһȸῴ·̫ӵ롣
߿῵ͷڸĶ룿İɡ
ģ
Ȼˡ
ͻȻоԼʵЩÿ£Ӧýĸȥ°ǩˡ
ͬһ·߽ң𴲻Ժһ̫ĸյ̫̽Ϣֿʼڴϡ
ƵģȴҲò𴩣ִ˸ڻʵۡأһۺٶͬһԺ
̫˵Ʋ˵ƣȴҪ˵ϼ׻ʥϺ͵µһˣҸʵǸº͵鷳ˡ
ῺƢЦЦʸ鷳ĵطȥˣǸʴʲô£ʵ鷳Ǳ˭ءպһˣʹӴɲ
⻰ҲרΪֺδ˸˵Ϲ
⳯˭ܴλãһ͸׶йʶ
ǰʻǲ־ӵʱ򣬾͸ĵѣȵʵǻ󣬸ĳӣֵиѣͳΨһᱳԼˡ
ԼȻǸʵĶӣʹԣ˵еԭģԻʵۼֱݡ
¡ʢʮ꣬ʲ֪ĸͷҪ¥ժ¡Ը׵Ҫ붼û룬ֱ˵˲С
жλ󳼰̫󡢻ʺͳͳԣһСֻ֧ʵ۽Ĵ󳼶絹ƨʵûͷҲͬ顣
ίĻʵۻҵ˸
ָһ㣬ΪȵԵʣиŮ֯СũģʽܵһǶʱ侩ʧҵϸߣһ¾ҵʰɢԱǲѡ
Ϊˣ֮ͨͬµóͨΪľǲǮ׬һʵ۽¥
ʮ⸸ʶڸʼҵŴ
࣬һʲô飬¸ʵҲû˰


19

ڣԴӦ˴Ҫ̫Ӳѡ˵£Щѣθʵۿڡ
ɣ˺ͻʵʱ𣬼Ľϳ÷ӸʮֲܵüŮ̫̫ϲ
ߺ󣬻ʵͻȻ𣬻Ҳǽˣ÷ӸúǲǰǱۡʱҲǾܳԵġ
ش꿴˿ʱŻʵʵ꣬ŰĶ
ϴμһǰˣʵ룬ȥɡ
ϡشڼ
ʵ۹ԼУϲ⣬Գӭ갲ôпչ
ûʲô£ǹ㡣ʵ۱˵Ż߽䣬̯ŮͼᣬЩʲô
ʺΪ̫ѡʱ붫淣˳Ҳг檺øӺˡӸѾһ檣ţѡ㣬ǸȽ̫Ӳǡ檲ţҲ˼밲ʱͬʺ˵˵
ʵȤ֪кθ߼
ӣָʵۿ˼ҵĶׯִ˼ţ֪δ˼Ҳһ
ʵۿһ»ѡе⼸ⳤ࡭ô˵أͦȫΪ̫ӹѹȥ
뵽ʵ۲̧ͷһۻ촩һɫ¼ӣͷǳɫټϷ޵׺ɫûʵĪؾʱõѬ
ǻʹˣʱˣ۹ʵǲզء
ͻȻʵ뵽һ⡣
޽쿴ô
ôͻȻ⣿
Դת޼ɷɡУ˹Ǿ䡰Ǳ칫
ڳһϵЦ⣬ԼĻǷԷθĿǱãӢ䲻߲ʣ˼֮ס
ʵۣ
ϣԼһڻϵˡ
޽£ˣ㡣
ʵ۴Ҵȥһյ趼ûꡣ
ú֣ʵۼȻˣҪԼгԷģô˵仰Ĺôˣ
ղƼʵ۵Ķѡʵ۾ǲˣûأ
ʵ˳Źôţھʱ˽Ų
ƺҲû
Լô磬ĴҲģͬһ㴩һ˿˲̹ѡ
ʵ߽Ҳͬһӭ˳
ʵ۵ϰײߣһЩʱµĵĺˮʵп
һֱʵƼ̫淣ѵ˺õĻᣬȻҪյġ
ҲʲôˣɩӴŮ밲檿ţ⼸ǳԽˣ˳úãдʫͨҵͼȥġǰʱ򣬳ֵܸʦ˵ǸΪӵġ˵ʺΪ̫淵鷢أȥǰɡ
ʵ˼ؿ˵һۡ
򲻴԰ôÿٸ̫Ƽѡء
ǸѾͷһŶ԰ӵʱ򣬻ʵ۵ԶԶļһ棬ӡõȷ
ִֵֻˣͷ鵯ࡣĸܵة࣬Ժ󻹲֪ɳʲô캦һ˲ͷٶ̫ĵӲô죿
ѡصǼҲԲѡֶŮ
뵽ʵ۵ִܾ˼ͬ಻Ů붫̷̫ңһƬģվǲףպͲˡ
ĿɿڴΪִͬϵãʵ۾ֱӷ˽ź̫ӵ飬ΪľǽиŮи顣
ʵ۵δҲ̫ƫ˰ɣ
= =
Ŵӵıƽ񸮸׼̫䱸ǰʱ̵Ҳ˸ʸ
֣һɣһջƣΪڻʼҷ˴뱲ӣĸ߶λ֡
Ҳ˻ʺҲٶݵģǶڸʼûʲôӡ󣬸⼸񸮹棬ฮ󣬶ĪϺ͸Щ̬ǡ
Īţ˻ȥһὫʼҵŴЩһʱֳ֮ʲôŮõĴֻܺţóԺúдλ֡
λֵһҲûżϿΣǸĽһ¹ĴΡ
йʺϣţʵٷޣɪһֱ̫ʹˣһʱ䶼𣬹СҪɻʺͼλλٳ֡
˻ʺ֮⣬ϥлӵĻλ͹
ͬʺһ㣬ҲҳǹϱȴһЩ
ǹͻʵ۱Ƚһ£ͻʺҲʮǣټϻ그󣬱̫Ҹѹȥһû˹λӣѹ˻һͷ
⼸λ֮⣬ϵģеλ
ϥжǱۡźϵˣʺͣʵҲž飬ԵʥϵĴڹйû㲻
Ǽù֮ŮѡຫŮȻףǴһڳฮλǲָˣܺƽദǲ
æµһλֻصĪΪר׼Ժҹ졣
ֶͬ̾ʼҴȥûʲô۶ҲһͲֹϲ֣պ˶ٲҪЩ
ɣҲҵǿ̫ӣѧ֪ӢţҪʲôʲôôϾܿൽײҳĹϾǷ˼֣һ֮ĸȣ
ͬǡòȷúãҲͬʴȼģԹҪľ檣毺õն̫޶ôԺͽͷһݶ˼ʴĹΣŮŮѵѧҲһͿǿҪúý̵ʺвǡ
Ȼɣֵǽиʴôȥɲǵƣ
˰¶ģҪԸļӴȣúѵ
Ϊһֱţ¹˲ǣ蹵һ˫Ůס˼Ҵһʱ䣬ոսӻظҪҹù档
֪ڱֽ̹أȥţĪŮϿ̫ۣشСĹȥ
ԺӣݵĴŽգվµĺһشŬ۽ˣæӭСλ֣ڸǹ˵أûдˡ
ͷĴ֧ţ۽ڴ߶࿴һ֮ľͲˣ߷ȻȥҸ״
۽øСʱڸ߸Եÿ۽һʮַ߿˵ǽ̹أʵСùءϽŮµôߣСɽһ˸ˮҪ෬ƵģʮûСùãһȦ
һˣԭŻ۽ֽһģ鶼ˣ¾ȥ˸Ժӡ
ŽʱǻֶŸ߶պ̫͵ף̫ڹе֮Т¿̫ͣӵһ檣Ҫͻݡ
ֵĻû˵꣬ͱֱӴϣû̫֪̫öҴͻݣ
ĸ̣ǰָôô˵ú㵱̫һ
ɣִԲʴˣū⹬ź˵ҲжʮˣĹһˣҶ˺ԡ
һӣˣҿҲЩˣüˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣλذɡ
ǵ-δһ֮ĸѹϱ·ǲ̫ӶȣŮܺݱء
˵ˣб۵ģһûģ̵ܽŮ
λֲ˶˵ţôһȻԲ顣ҲŵϺŵǰҲȥٹӶЦͳһͣóóȻҸϳŵģ⻹ǵһΡ
˱ϾǸ࣬λţҲûиʱ֮Ҳֻܸ˳Ժӡ
ɱڣǰ촲ϵĲˣԸ˵Ҳʮ㣺Ķպˣǿ˭ֻܷ˱ǡǶĸ˭ǸҷϲҪҪеʲô¡
ģ
Ȼǽ̹ʱЩᣬҲܴ¹򣬴󶼿ܡ
˵ͦϲǴĹɫɫİԹ£ֱȴǰС˵̼ءѵôĸչأôͻȻˣͻȻЩСꡣ
ô˵ŮⶼǶһƬ⡣
ķŸԸһȲ裺лػеڣʲôµġ
лҪ˵ҵĸ۸ҸĹŮƮˣòˣ

20

ڼþδϳԵʣΪĺ˸һЩҪڶڴĽ
ЩйˣէһɽɻЩܲϰߡ
ò˵ʵĹģֵдԼ֮һЩԲˡ
µ˸˼ȲҲ˳еĻֻǰΥеֱӹͬа塣
˲Ĺ򣬾ͳϷͷʹ֢״ʱ糯ˣǼʮûй
ֵУôÿˬˬϰģѵĲ
Ľ̵Ǹϳŵܿʹˣھ֮࣬̾һǸ࣬Ȩ۷˾ǲһ
ȻҲ˺Ķʵ۵ʱ򣬲¡
ıǸҩģлʵ֪ǸΪûйصˣʼȥֶҸǹȻʵ
ʵ⻰ûӦκŵʰһѧͨ͸Ĺ֪ʲôûǿǳԷƢȻ֣ԸԽ̵ŮǱǿϰٱˡ
ʵ˵⻰ʱ򣬻ﵱ͸֡޵ةʲôᡱԺС
ĶڵѪʵƫʲôʱǸͷ
ڻʵۺͳλ󳼵Ĺػ£ǰ˽һµڡȬˣຫ֪ʲô̼ȻҹѪˣʹ˲ֻڼţҲ˲١
ʵش㱨ҡű̾ǣ֮ﰡ
= =
ڣԼɩɩ̫Ǳߵ飬ǲˡ̫֮Ů˵絯飬˲չ鲻ڶȹ̡
һֱûмˣܽ壬ܹһԺյĻӣôһ˵̫̫ʹ˿ظʼңû빬·Ǻã
鵹ҲûתѡʵĻòҲͬҿջǻһӲ֮λɩɩҲ̫ġ
̫̫ʱЩ㱣һֱĵȹϢȴֻһ
̫ӵλ̩ɽӸûκ̫ͬԵϣǹССﲻʲôæպĿҲǸɢү
ǵ̫ӵ淣պǹһ㻹ܻʥĸ̫󣬵ȥӸûʲôʵݿԣҲı䲻˼״øصûʵá
һľô˹ȵס
ڵڶ죬ȥμӶ磬ʢװĸģֻͷ
ʼɫŵǱ֮ǰʱһЩڼұæµϢҲеġ
ġšһÿɷ
ĵ䵭еĻһ㡣
ţ̫ͬ÷ͶϣΪཫ̫үݣ˲ŲԷֿʱ̫ٲҲὫιͷϣôȥǲù

ϸһ£̫ǸϷ·ûͷƵıã߸·ڵøһһ߻Σÿθһ·ĶõսľһˤŹͷԼϡ
̫ͶϵĹﾹλãǲò˵̫ӵĿζͦصġ
˳ڱ㽫еɻ˳ڹ飬δ˵̫Ӻ֮飬ô֪ģ
Ȼ֪ġһ֪̫һĽ˿ƴ׺չɫյң̫һֱأϣ粽ģɼҽġ
ôôϤ
ģǰ׺ͷǲǻһë
û
ģ
ǸҸģһһġ
Ǹ׺ͷϻëΪѡߵʱȵģӳɫЩʧ棬һʱû̫壬ʧˣûһġ
ڴȰ̫ӻ˵ûȥо幤أû뵽ԼˣȻ̫ôй䱦Ʒ̫Ӷ֡
һӣĲЦּҽ̫ӵ˽治٣ϵҶ۲ϸ̫ӵҲĵİɣ
Ҳ˵ˣŵǣ붫̫淣ǲ֪ʲôԭûгɹѡӵĲԹ٣Ż
ŸƵӣЩܻģ̫ˣ̫ӶˣҲ̫Ҳؾġж⣬Ժͻöңţơ
= =
һıƽ
ҲΪ̫Ƶķںͼ¡
̫ӵĻ˵ոնûãǰͿʼ׼Ҳϰٸʱһ๦ķƵģҪÿϸڶƾ
ĿϺҫ˵ķϼͻȻЩӡ
ȻŻ²ڴģŮȻڼûеֿġ
ŮϲʱΪô߽߰ĽڵĽ󣬶봩ģΪڵĽ㣬һŵС
۽߽ķ䣬Ÿʾ⣺ùãرóԣҴһյ㡣
ŵý۽ڻɲǰˣѣִġ
۽ؽҽ˸ߵĺӣֺСĵز䵽˸ԣ˵СùҪ̫ˣǿδȨùóɻĪ⣬ѵץǧҪЩǶ˷ˡ
ЩΣ۽Щ˭˵ģ
۽﷿ֺĸ˵ʱ͵͵ġ
۽Դʵ˵ЩҲҪġһѧ黹ǳˣҪҪԼ̹һЩЩ˸ԸҲãԸҲգ㲻ģ͵ûЩˣԼԼӡ
СƶǶص˵ͷ
= =
ڣӶǹǰڹʱ̫Ӵ֮ʣ弸ɫ毺õŮȥǺ̫Ӷۣиʲô紵ݶҺʹ綼գǶʮĸи㡣
ͬΪ˰⼸ǰ̲֪ĹŮ̫࣬ǵòʧҲͬ⡣
ƲĸҲе̫Ÿˡ
ǹ۾һɣ㶮ʲôԴҵıʼǺ˺ֶܶ࣬дñȴǰȥ̫ɩһЩֻҪʼԸЯֵܼǰ̻õŵ𣿡
ӱ˵뷨жҪǿϣʲô״
Ӿʮ֣ĸʲôżΪԼ롣Ϊҵǰ̣Żôֺࡣ
ǹִԲĶӣĶԼ˽⣬ҲŸ̫ʮ֮һûУд󳼿ôǸݰĶࡣ
ҲСˣҲ˼̫ӵ̨ˣ֮λҲֲⷬΪӵǹʹ
պ󰲰ֵַصүʲôã˭̫Ӻةаأ
˼⡣

21

ڼĵҲ׼ϡ񸮵ļױĪϸŮ׼ļױԼظĵױ˵ʮױҲΪ
ǰԼңϼҵݼ˶½ִﾩǡ
гֵʼҴүһԣѹ˵ڳһ죬˵ʲôʵ۾ʲô֮ǰءû뵽㾹Ȼ̫ѡң
ֻп˵
ôңⲻûҳô
һĺĺ겻δ
Ůߣ̫̫ʹˣܲ۳Ͷ٣ֻи˺ûʼҼĸɩý㵹ȫԺĪ˵
⼸궼ûĸŮȥλý㶼ˣɩûָŮͽһȦľֻܸŽˡ
ڸɩϧͬ˶Ż¶ʮ⣬ҲʵʵĽǲĸͼýǡ
ùźĪϾͽ˴ĸȥס٣ĿĸЩˣԸİȡˮëĪжλϴһ¡
Īϴִɢͷб֦
ĿĸڷһȲݸվĸԴɫѵ˭Ҷе䣬ǰӡҲûˡ
ĸҵý㣬СģСʱģֲԷݵøƵģ⼸ЩǺÿ˲١Ҽǵ¡ʢʱ̫æҲÿջһꡣ㶫ء
Ŭһ££
ĪϵҼǵǸ˫ΣĸļһԼ˷˵Ҫ̫̫ǰޡС̫̫ϥ£˼Ҷٶһζ᲻á
̫̫ŸʼھйòʲôζУһֱԼϥ£޳⻤̣ԺҪָ
ʱ̫̫ͣʾ£κҡҡλε߹ȥݸĪϵʱһֱĵڸ²õӡ󣬽Сܵ˺Ӵ˲Աе
˼Ҹĸû·ϣóԳԣ˯˯ýɴк̫̫ҲЦ̫̫ʱѹ׵ı
ⶼˣôǵأ
˭˵ý㣬ǸСʮ꣬һΣǣȨ庢ˡĪż磬ʱý㻹Сأ˾ͺˣŲͬʱһˣ
Ī϶ڸ۲ͬ˵꿴ϣʱҲͰɣҪ͸һ㶼֪ΪԼȡһ¡Լˣͷгţ̫һҲͰˣպ˶̫ӵ淡㶫أָôأ
룬Ҳܰɣ˵ʼйصģ˶ҲҪȾҵֲܷȥֻǲСѰ˼˵ԼҪģĸʲôʲô
Ĳ˵Խ檹ػͦϵģʲôģҲҪȵ˺Ӻͳ谮ֱ˲ܳŽʣƽǴŲŲġڻʵƤӵ£ͷ̫ͻʺţôܲعأ
ĪҡͷҲ̫ˣܶʱѹͲô¡Щ檵ĵóˣ̫˽ʹͣйλķͣ˵ТءǻǹأүΪһŮֵòɿС٣ɱСͷơ
ŸһϵӣĪϲֿʼͷԭҪЪҲЪˣֱߵǰԺȥҸ
Ϊп˵ԵʣЩƣǰԺ鷿Сһ۾ͿԼüչһʵôǣ
ŮĪ̾˿ô̵Ը񣬾ôͿؼ޽ʵǲģ⼸첻Ҫȥ̫ͬ飿̽̽¿ڷ磬ϲʲôĹҲýĶѧһѧ˸ˡ
ȻĪǳнԣΪ̫δɣҪֱӶ̫⣬ʵ̫ݶˣǿ˴ʿ
Ϊ˲зĹȣӦ
λãȻҲֲֵģڵڶ죬˴񸮹̫࣬æһ̫ϲá
̫ѾǸСͷͷˣҪԵĹھ󶼻СȥȽةеģ̫˴󲻸д󣬼̾ȥ԰¡
̫ϲúͻʵ۵ϲһڹڽɣ̫ߵ˶δҪǬ幬źģŶǺߵ֣ΪһӬͷСӣҪŪ£ҵˣҪйӲĽС
Ҳ̫ȽϺһЩڹͬǽõ̫ͬǡǡڶ̷ҵ̫ߵĶܹźĲʦŷǱѰ顣
̫˺Ѱ̫࣬æѯ̫͵Ů̫͡ЦеΪűղһ䣺˸磬ܸܵ׼ܹͶҲеܵи
̫ѹɤЦЦָָѸ󣺡ǰλźˮġ
̫ˡ
ȻУ²ô˵Ҫúȥ죬ü仰ܺŪȥġ
̫ŵⲻֵʱҵ
Լǰڶ˵䲻ڱպչǺӰġʱҲ̫⿸飬쵽˿ⷿһѣȥ񸮡
Ƕ̫УⲢС̫Ҳû˭ʣϾ̫Ӵڼλλ淼׾Լ·˶пܺ⡣
̫ô
ź̫ô̫꣬ӱ˶Ҫ˽̫ӣ֪ⷽ棬ǫڶû˸ҳƵһ
ݹź̫ӵЩܹ̫Ůˣ˸ʼҴ⣬ûйˡ̫ӵԸǶԸʼҴ⣬ôؽŻ£ҪԹʻǳ̣ÿϸڶ
̫½۵̫δ̫Ĺ
̫һţʼҹģʦڲҵİɣ
ǹһ˿ĪЦݣһ˵ĸ̫Ҿ⻰ԵҲ֪Ҳûˡ
ǣ̫׼̫͹£ͨ-̫-̫۵·ص˸
һӦҲǲ졣
һ﹬Ҳ̫ϹˣΪֺʲô˵
ȻˡܵһȨࡱλϣҲΡ
滰ôôѣ
лҪ˵Ľ514գģVʱָ+䣬лҵһ·֧飬ǣ~
һ´ġֲᡷȤСʹǵõԤ
һԽʵϥΨһŮųʳǼ
ʵۣŮһ͸˼³谮ֻϧæڱ
ڶ̫ӣ޲ܰȫõĶãȴڳ㲻ͨ
Ȱѧÿܸдʫ޸裬ȴѧ֮ûһġ
ճȺСǻãֻһͷۡ
ֻϧԽɫֻС˵еŮ䣬ԭΪ˰ȥȴǴΪ檣һвΪŮ˼ѡ
ĳʾʲôĶǸƣֻٻ˼主󻨡

22

̫Ӻ̫ǰһ, 밲
ʺһϲ, ǹһ뵽Ժסڹ, û¸̫Ȳ׽Ҳý̫ǰΪԼ, ǻȻ档
뵽ҲһϲɫʺҲ黰һһûʺϲ£졣
һʮֲƳ˹һۣǹԽԽȥ˼̫Ҫ飬ֲϱԼǱ߸˸ʲô
ڵ, Ȳ衣ûӵĶЦӭϻʺ󣬹ϥжӵģȻܷΪʺĶӴ, ò˵, ȷ, Сɫܱȵġ
Ц, ʼҺ̫ԭ̫Ǳةŵͷ̫Ǹ۲, ̫֮ǳ£лʺ޵ʱ
ʺλһĿת˹ϴ, ˣǸˣʱҪһЩٲİġ
ʺֻһˣǿҲ㵽Ǵһ˷ֵһ½Ӵ
ǹŻʺӯӯһ檶Ρ
ȻǹλݸһЩ븮վǻ
˾Ȼʺ󿪿ڽлæдһԽȥֱ˹ֵ־ûʺӹ
ο̫ӴôҪĳվڻʺߣ԰̬дǣǶʵеΪ˼ҹôһء
밲ǽļˡ
һع÷ϴӹ밲һģʵ˭ĸˣ
˰֣ûʲôС¡
ĴŮ̲סԴӵʺﵱ˲ӣ̫Ӵ飬磬ֻйдһߣǽ
ӶŻοĸĪҪģǰͷϯϣ̫ɫÿڶʱ򡣵ʱֻҪмô䣬׼̫ɫѿһЩҲ˶֪̫Ӳ£үպȻŹ
Ŷת磺á
= =
գ˸磬Ϊ˰οĹȵһ˫Ѿû˯ˣһϱֽױ˶Щεģ·ΧһжЩʵʡ
³ɻȷЩ̫ӭ֮ǰкܳʽҪС῱úãһɫＪԸߴ޳һʱļæµɫҲЩŶ˼Ҳ塣
ͻȻǰĳ峿̸̫ӳ֮ʱ˵ʮһ㡣
ɾ¹үһ㡱ĸǸմߺ
̲ס˸һۣϧƺЩţûע⵽Լ
̫Ӵʽ쳣Ȥٵָ£ĸоԼһľżУ򣬰ݣ𡭡ֱִ·ϲ󣬸Ĳ˿
ʱɫڣƳϣҲҹɫҲĻ
ӽע˹۲̫ϣԭΪ̫ӻڸֳһͷļƣû뵽῿黹ݴӶ̫ӵ˽⣬ɫͨԽ֮ϵ֡
һװģӱ߿и̡
ȻС̫Ҳҵ
ӵǰ˼˸ܻϣų֮󣬹֮ߣĿࡣܶȫԽ̫Ӵ鷶롣
Ա˵ٻǹǶʮ־ģһ˸и˵̫ӺةǶôܸʶ衣
Ҳ֪ԼɻʱΣ˵Ԥ̫һ㶼硣
ӺӶһۣһ
ϣȽϳ࣬˻ǿĵġΪʵϲ죬ܵ˸Ⱦ⡣ҪǸʵۺ̫ӿչһԼڴϲãмЦͶҪֵȥˣԼϱȢϱء
Ȱڣ֣ùö̫ͷֵúأϻʺ֮ǰȥǰͷתתū˵ǵԸȥ¶ҲǺõġ
̫ҶϹͷˣȲ˰ڣλܾЩԼŰա
˵ţͼһϲ֥ͷ߽
Ϊ̫ӴԵʣͷĹŮϵ¶Ȼһ֥һɫƹװϸ˿Ŀ֣ùǣ˹Ȼʲôÿء
̫ҲЦŶ֥֣ˣͷôΣ
֥̫صǱѾˣʺĸˣλﲻ֪ʲô϶Ǹ˵ġһ֮ǰߵչܹ˰˵ϽҲǼΪ˵ġ
˵֥ͻȻһ£΢΢һüͷҷŴʱߵ˳վڹͷ˵С̫Ӻ̫Ľ̫ӻƲ̫һȥ鷿ޣҲ˶̫Ӷ̫һԣūòС
֣ù֥šһѣ̹ٱˣôⳤͲԣֻ뻰ôõǰ˵
̫΢΢һЦһЩ«ˣ
˵ûв޹ŮûУòȢİĹ˯鷿ôܡ
ʼС￴ŲǸڵģ֫Ҳӯӯһյ֣·һŪܶˣԸžͺá
= =
ڣ̲סִһǷ
⼸춼ûôú˯ټϽһյڣоʵЩ̫ס
󣬸վİԸжͷٱЩˮϴҺЪ
İŸȰⲻϹأҪ̡
·ֵλֺѾͷվһԣȻһԻһǸոչ׼̫Ƣԣ⣬֪̫ǷҲǸ
Ƕ⼸˶ֻվһ߾ûг
İûֹʲôееĹЭǹһɡ
һо͹˽ʱʱ򣬻ȼȥôһء
ѾˡҲ·Ѿԡϴϣһ鿴
̧ͷ۾
￩һ¡
ῷڴϵĸĳðɡ
ԼĽŲ·˿Ϥû죬ȴúÿһ¶úͷ
İЩţľ͸ľͷƵڴͷ̫Ӷ˵æ£Ҿӭһ¶ûС
ֺ͹ŮʶȤȥ䣬İͺӣҲֻøųȥֻ̫ӵ̫ͨ⡣
Όƾϲȵ̫٣ֻ΢ûѹľζŨԺɶϢʵŵġ
ǵһֻûĽš
ῷӱúܽ۾˫ֱأ˽ţػк¡
ϵŮǸ޹ؽҪ֮ˣӦòںֻ̫࣬ᰴŹͬ
ǸģôĿῶоһ
һõҹʵڲ뽫Լǿϡ
ô˵Ѿӣշ
ڻǷſȥ鷿
= =
վЩˣ⻻˸ƣֵͬڵͨҿͷǵƻͨλӦûûЪϢǲǸýеҹȥ
ȷ˸ҹĵ㣬Ӳһ£ź˲ҹȥǵĹʧ
̫ӵߵĴܹܣȻȥȵĻƣһǰʾͨҹ͹ȥ
ͨеģӦǣȥ
˭ճžײ˻ʺ֡
ֿڽסͨӣúڶҹôżҪȥĶأ
ͨվȺ󣬸ִ˸ǧʵشȥλŪҹ
ʵ˲پƣŻʺҪȥ¥ϿʺΣ֮ǰȥָȥ˹¥򱻻ʺһֱ̫ߵĶǶ⻰۾һôˣ
ûϨƣλǻûЪ¡
һ·˽Ѿϣһ׼뿪ӡ
һ㶣Ҫȥ
ҲǸող鷿мӼĹҪ׼ȥƽ
ֲŵʲôⶴҹҪҪǻϣҲϲϣΪ˹ۣ»֮ҹ˯鷿
ƺûȥٵӣֵ֮ҹ˶ŵأ»֮ҹȥ鷿ޣ֪Ļ£Ĺ£֪ĻΪִ̫ͬˣɲǸС˵Ļ᣿˼
ǻʺߵˣҲǿῳģȻĵȰһӣΏҪġ
նЭ֪ˣͲȥ鷿ˡҲˣ·СЩҽմȥա
ֲĵؿһۣվѡ뿪
뿪󣬸Щεվߡ
ôҲǸ˰ɣһҲûа˵῵Ҳû檺˾޹ŮȢڻﻹ˵ȥ鷿Ļ
ˡǲѾˣ
ڸĲ֪˵ʲôźõʱͨҹ
ҹʵڲһŷ׼ġ
˵ĺС⣬滹һĹơϵƣСﵤ𡱣ڳϳһΣζǲеζķҴ
Ȼ̫Σõ㶫㡣
ϴκƻڱ˼ͣöˣֻǵ㵽Ϊֹ˶῵ģСֶθڣһʱûסƾô¶ˡ
ῷ˼ֵĻѶԸĵ˵Ҳ޵쵽ЩȽһɣµ˵
ῷ˲ûκλӦǵͷϳҤСѣòֺ
֣ģ˵أ
ŷеĸѣ̧ͷ
۾ῷЩˣϷ˳죬۾Ҳò˼顣
ɣôǳ
ͻȻһ󵨵ͷ
ʱǲ֮Σһ£е˵ȥ


23

ͨҹ, ֻصֵҹλá
΢ص˫, ʵ, ҹͽȥˣ
ѾͽȥˡͨŷǷϴ, ƽקģΪֺ̫Ӻ̫Ȼóﵤ𡣡
ﵤǽ깬Ĺƣζ㴼ãܸСǶϲﵤƵԭϺͻźܸߵҪ칤ҲΪ, ÿֻô̳ͽ˵ҲΪ
ҲЩѵãû뵽Сӻдһصʱ򡣡
ͨһ޵, С˵ߵʱɫ, ̫ӻڷŷԸʰƽĴ, ѵĸͷ˵, ̫Ӻ͸ʼҲ̫һҪƣִҪȥ鷿˯𣿡
һֱֵҹ, ϢҲⲻͨ⻰£
ͨ϶ǰµڻڳƽء
Щ˼, ̫̫ӵôĹǺòײȢֵģôİһڷأ
ڴʱͨʳָڴߣ⡰ꡱһжˡ
Ǳ῱ϴ΢һ㡣
ߵüۣ̲סƿȴֵ̧һ˲СԼġ
ĻȣôģĦһֵĸо
ͷĶͷƺûҪ˼վѹ
Ĵת÷ɿ죺أΰ㲻˵Ҫȥ鷿˯ô
Ǹô˵ţȴôֱ׳˿ûıǸ˼Һˡ
῾ô˳ĶţӲ̫ѣձ˲䣬Ծ§Ĳӣ϶˼Сèʰ㣬¡
һҹ
϶ڵıʱ󣬸ľƾˣԴˣȴ۵С
һνͣҲֽ֪Ųһߣס˱ſǻˣҪ˯
῿Ӻ汧סһǣá
ʱ
֣ͷڱ˼ڹİʲôʱˣ
İϱЩȻѾʱˡ
ô
Щͷ۵ʵôһֱûнң
İ̫Ӳõģ˵ǽ˯
İڴǰʸǹߴѾͷ̫̫ǰĺˣ˶ֵİ㡣͹һ̫ӵķԸǰ㶼Υ֡
Щ῵˼·
⾢ôã糿ֲѾͷ𴲡
¸ŵһ죬Ҫȥۺ밲ġ޽󣬵һΪ̰˯˹أصۺϱһʲôӡɡ
ѵ̫ӵһôһ󹬾ͼڻʺٸһӡΪľǴѹѹһɡ
ڸĳıв԰֮ʱѸϣһˬ˽
һˣʵȵЩˣҪŻʺȥ¥¿ǣ糯ˡ¥ʹԼһʱ·̣ʻعҲҪʱȻҲȥ밲
׻ˣվ˯һ
ῺȻ˸ߣ͵ˣһȵЩˣҪĸȥ¥£ڻûлعءϴһ£ǻعȥ밲١
ŷǾͺá
ʵȷǺȴˣŻ˼鶼ûʲôЧʱ֪ԼΪʲôڹ¥ϡ
ȵعʱȻѾʱ
ʺЦͷŹݼһˡ
ò˵¶ϱþǺÿͷó챦黨𣬴·ҲǹװȻ˼ŮҵĽΣȴƽһζ
ǴδϱϱɶԶأ
ʵЦҲʮֺ㡣̫ӳɹȢʼҹϿʵ۾ԼǸܰµˣôѸ˶ܸ㶨ĹŪԼﵱ˶ϱʲôȴ첻ɵģ
ںгõУῺ͸ĵľһûлʵۺͶϱһԷĹأЯŸĸ˺󣬻ʺЦ֪æҲˣĶƽû¾Ͷ
æӦ
峿һ𴲾æԡϴûй˵ţӻʱ֣ɴϲһһͽ
ҪǸǰڸĪ֪һҪ̫ӾȻʲôû˵ֻǷԸİȥСһˣŪЩ̫ϲĳʳиĿʼɣﵽǲͷ˵ôйء
ʵ뿪ֲŹͬʺ㱨ս̫Щȥ鷿ޣջ˴£Ž̫Ӻ̫˳Բ
ʺ⻰üͷ£
˵ӻûϣֻǶԸʼվЩŻ»鵱ȥ鷿Ĵ㡣
˼̫Ӻ̫밲µͷû̫ӣǽūҲЩˡ
ʺ̫Ѩʵ̫ӶЩʲô
ֵ̫ӸոùźͱϴˣӦʲôҪɣӦڶ鷿
ʺ룬Сһ˱͵̫ȥ˵¸̫׼ġ
æµʱ͸ˮʲôģٺһ£ˡ
ֵӦūͷԸСȥ
= =
ǰŮƿȻɻ󣬵ȻǺ̬ȵؽ
ƿ뿪󣬸Ķźӣʵ̫Ӵӱô
ˣڳƽء
ƽ̫鷿ҲһԺӵľ롣ջѡȥƽ
ô˵ⶼǻʺһƬ⣬ʵǲζžһůĵ𣬺Ӧ͹ȥ̫ӳ
ƽ̫鷿ǵһ޹İҲϤĵ˵񸮲ֺ㣺߰գȥ˳ƽ
֮ͨ󣬸Ļ׼Żʺ˱߽ƽڡ
ΌȻæͷڹдЩʲô΢΢һ¡
Ѹٿ˵⣺ʺһҹ˵Ϊ׼ģҾͰԸ˹
῱ʷһ٣룬Ǿȸϰɡ
ҪԵĶܵգղͬʵ۸ղŻ𼱻ǵȥһݵ¾˵Ҫٽһ³ϺøʡĸλԱ顣
ֻ˵ûаȥҲûϢ鷿ô˦˺Ҳԡ
Ĵ⣬ʮӣһ٣̬ͳȥ
ῷ±ߵߣʼƷİ˱
վʲôϢͻȻʲôȥ
һˣֻǾվţӰ쵽
´ŻʳҪæȻȥɡ
̬䵭̫ӣĶûΣȻƨɵĸо΢΢ӿЩˬ
ֺ̫һۣɫЩԣļǵȻ̫ǱةȢģ̫ӻǴ۶ﲻϲ
ʰʳ˳
ò˵Ҫڶ죬̫Ӷ̬Ȼرĵλǰڼ̬ܹΧ˶Ըÿ˵̬ȡ
ǰʱ򣬸ʼ̫̫Ҳɹһ檣ͨѾͷ
ɸһͷչ鲻ʦүС˳֣һֱûá껹ĪϾõ˼ŮӴǰչ鲻ãԼǮǼŮӼ˳ȥ
ĪοԺԵ뷨˺õź
Ȼʱû뷨˾͸ڻˡ
ôţðͨҲ޼ˡ
ʼҵǶĪ϶ʮֱϹϾΪҵĸ⣬ΪǼΨһŮˡʼҲиլóȨĪϺ͸ĵӾ̹ͬһóãһ⾰
ڣʵۺͻʺ֧ģ̫λڣһʱΪЩ鵣ġ
ֱҹ֮ʱȻûлøɵԡϴ׼ޡ
һźּ̫һǽɢӣ̲סȰǴ㲻ȵ»ˣ
Ȼˣˣ˯ˡ
ǰź˳̫ģ˳̫ȵʱ򣬾ƾŶԻʵ΢ĹպСź򣬲ŵԷˡ˳š
־Ůг·ڸɺЩϡ
Ȼ̫͸úúŬȡǣôܾôԱأ
룬ǿڶԸȰѾ̫ˣúúź£ⶫıʲǣɲ¡
ЦҲǰҵϢ޶ѣⶼ˵ȥˣ
ֵϱʱһأǻʺϲҲҪ밲𣿡
Ҳ̫ܲˡԼĺƢû˯ãأǿд̫ӣ̫ӿһƣĲͷѵк飿Ͳ̫ô̫ӵôæǻǱˣ˵ǲأ
ֿˡ
̫еӣЩطҲԡ
ַʱ䣬ֱӸϴ
֪˯˶ú󣬸ͻȻЩڿʣ۾ҪԸİЩ˭̫Ӹϣ׼ޡ
ղԺֲܶͷΪЩϹʱĹѹһʱļǶп죬ɻһԹĳӶЩסˡ
ĸ˯ѣ۾һ¶ʹô
῰ڴϣͷ۾϶Ͳ³¡
ղ鷿䵭̲סҧ촽
ֲ˶˵һֺܹǰûʲô飬ڲ֪Բ顣
ϴ¼ֱˡ


24

ո, ѿտ, һܵ鷿Ͻȥˡ
ò˵, ̫ӻҪкþϰҹս, 컹ż裬ӰӵɹҸ˴ҵ
֮գ첻ô˵ȥʺﱨһ¡
İ̸ϴϣʵ̫Ҫţ
ʱҲˣŰա
һŸĹϴµȻ֡
ֻ֣ǵǲֹֻƵسǰһλռ͵ֻͷ, ͸˾Ӷһ
תͷվһԵַԸҲǸոռ޹ߴҶϤ, ͷְŪ, һЩҪĳ;͸ˡ
Ӧ, ʵ̫ǱߵҲҪǼڲô
, ̫ߵ˾ˡ
ĪҲҪո鷿ʹʦүСˣο̫ӣܺһĶֵؾͳˡ
Ӧȥ
ߺ, ĶİʵλֺѾͷ𣿡
ˡİӦ
׼ȷ˵Ҳģ˶ܹ˵ġ
ò˵ⶫְҵǸ, ôһܹܣûһӣԸҵ󣬹Ȼ̫ӵ-з
ǰź˳̫̫ߵˣ˳̫Ų˴԰ͷòôˣ־񸮡
ĵͷ
˻أ룬˵ֲ˳̫԰ϣͷв뷨ģҲϽ
е˼
أ
İһЩʺڻʱ̫ӲŲ̫꣬Ͱѵ½ȥ︧̫źģλ̫֡˶̫ߵж˲٣ֵ˾˻񸮡Ѿ쵽˹µλãҲкõĳ·ιź̫̫ġ
Щ⡣
ּȻչ˹̫ӵˣ̫յ̵ģôȻܹô͵ǰͷ
˵ţӣͺʳнҲЩˣ̿˸ղŵĻ⣺ȰŰգùźȥʺ밲ǵ飬Ժ˵
Ժ󣬹񻨶϶ˣ·ֹʱ˴ǽ񻨿ޣȥϸ֮ʱСŮڹǽµ˵
һ¹Ůǰ̫Ӵֻ֣ϧںͷûпʢҲ֪̫Σܲǵ¡
һ¹Ů˵þɷģ̫Ůܺõȥǰָʹֱ˰Ĳ£ϰ˹٣ӣ˵ʧ˾λҲúܲҡֹЩдǰ֧Ļˣˣˡһżչ٣š
ǰ¹Ůͬ˵ة߰˳ߣظѰ˼˶Ҫֵġ̫óҲͰˣƢҲô̫ǿôһģջȢһŮӣ첻
ģ
ʲôɷظǳӺ򲻹ʹ򲻹ڮٱ˳ʲô£
˵ڹͨڶҵӡѾҪ⹬ʮ갡Ҳǿֲ˰ɣ
İŸСӦֹʹСŮܲܽͷźδ֪ⲻ죬Ҳǳе顣ūǲǸùȥǵѵ˵˵ҲȥĵطұŶةء
Ŀ˿ǡ
ǰʱһ㶼üֺãȻ˵һЩеڣڸĪϵ˵ϴ£ʵøϴǸƵĺˡ
ĴԽʮͷ˵˷֮£⻹ǵһϡ
˵ȷӦýѵһ£ǲҪ⹬Ĵȷ̰֮
ĶİǵǸո빬ܶණţȥ˵һɣҲ̫ˣ㵽ֹá
Ļδ䣬ֹһλθĹùóСŮǳģͷɨضˣ˵Сء̫Ҳ۵ģةǸʲôˣҶǽ̫֪ˣһһ֣෢ʱʲôҲȲǡһԼȥ췣ٷִ󣬾ͲǷʹְôˡ
СŮ⻰ɪɪùã֪ˣԺһٷ̫ˡ
ģ
ǹùȻǺǳǣΪʲôܾʲôأ
= =
ǻ밲ϣֻ˴͹Էʺһյʱ⡣
Ŵͷβһɺǽʲôˣһ峿ֵúϲ£졣
⻰ʵ˵ϡ
ڽ쳿ʱǹߵǰʱ䣬ǹǻ˸λŹĻȥฮѧʡ಻ʱӼǣصؽ⼸ڼҵĸ蹸ֶָ㡣
ָǻص˽Ӷ飬ѧ˺ܴǺпо˵Ŀܡ
Ƕǹرĺãĵõĺ죬һж˳ġ
ŴʻȻֱ˵£ֻǶŴЦЦûʲôһЩС£ͷ͸ˡ
ŵн˳飬ҲʲôСء
ƿ첽߽УԻʺ̫밲ˡ
ʺǻ
۾һҲò̫ˣͬ˵˵ء
Ľڵŷ֣˻ʺͷ⣬ʹҲڡ
ȸʺ񣬺ְݼλ˭֪񣬷һסڹɻסϰߣ¹˿ɻʹ˳֣˿ɻõ𣿡
ǰѻʺĻˡ
ʺҲգֻͷЦؿš
ĴӦţлػһжá
ǹЦЦǾͺãڼס̹˹ﷴסˡǱСµĻղ˳ӣ㡢ձúǲǵÿգǵȥҹﳢ
Ź̫°ɣģվ۵ûšǽԼϱû޹ϡʺĶϱҲ㡣
ʺҿɲ±ϡϱҪˣѾ׼˰ظȥģϱҲҲǻʼҵ档һȣɲܣҪҿ۲С
ʺ۹һǸߣǽҪƲˡ
ʺ⻰˹»Ҫ취ةฮЩȥʾأʺôһ˵ȴڽ¹·ҲʡȥฮŷǱ߷ѿࡣ
һۣԵĺöûУѹ׵䱦˭ûʺţһͲ͵ȥ׼ʺﶪ
ü䣬̲ס͵͵˹һۡ
ǰڹʱֻ˵޹Ⱥȴû뵽ﾹȻôһˡ
Щĸӷ޹ϵŶʲôĶЩ⹬ǶǼദġ
ź󣬸פ㣬İ˼̫ԭҪȥȰ밲ģ֣ù˵̫⼸ղ˼ʳ̰ӣЩ̹ʺ͹̫ѾЩˣȥһ˴Ȱɡ˵̫ϲʳ۽һкӣ˼̳ⶫǿθҲ̫ܽʱ̹һЩ
İ̫ͬ⻰Ǹռ޽СȻǸЩȥ̫밲ģǿҲȽ˿ûҪǿ
̫ղҲΪǳӶЩܣȢϱԵʱȽ˷ܣ޶Щʧߣղһ󣬽Ȼ̫ࡣ
̫̫밲æ֣ùý˽ʱЩΣȻǽǸˡ
̫СС˸һ£СҰԵͻ衣
̫ʱǳ̸ʹȻûиıһİá
Ҳøڼҿ鲻٣Ƿ黹̫˵ģûӲϵġ
Ųĵ˶£̫ܿͷ֣̫ӻ̧빬淣ĵ϶Ǻ޲ȫû̫¶˵˼ҶԼӸûġ
뵽̫Ӷ̬ȡ̫ĵ̾һʲôģضԶ
Ȼ̫̫ӲģȻ֮Ҫģû׼Ūʲô۶
ô˵ĲδޣŮｭɽָŻʵۻָŸ׶أһҪúƴ˼Ůǡ
뵽ָ̫֣ùöԸĵ֣ùãһҲˡ֣ùõ׸ô꣬öҲö࣬պʲôֵ飬ãǱҲ£лĸĸء
⹬ﻹǺ˶డ
ʮָжӦ


25

ߺû, ³֮Ҳʰ
ĵ, ̶̫ԱȷŶϱʱ˼ۿۡ
ڿ, ʵ̫ദÿɺãͶĴСɻģ
룬ûɡ
ҹǼΪġ
̫󣺡
ȻǱȽϳٶ۵ġ
ָ̫÷۽ǽ峿, ϱ۽˵ǴʮͿʼѧЩղҪҪȻȥһ㣿
ῼһ£̫ĸĶҪһЩչⲻðɣ
̫۾۽ˣ޲ʱ鳢ЩЦʲô, ֻȥǡ
֪ʲôˣ˵ԼģǾԼ, ʲô˴
῱ûЩ, 뵱鷿ʱ, ʲôϡڽպʱȥ, ʶô꣬ûԹ۽
Ὸ˺̫һ۸ɹ, ÷۽Ѿ֮
ôССһ῾ôһ롣
̫󣺡
ӻ治Լ˰
= =
һϷе廨, Ůʵ˭ͷ
Ӵ̽ԴǱߵĴŮС̫ճ֪ˡ
ϸʹ˸ɫ⣬ӷ߳кæأȵģȱɡ
´峿𴲵ʱ򣬿˯Щȣͷôֻͷ֪Ρ
ź£ԭò߹Ụ̊ԸҲЩˣȰͷ֪ճ˲
ԭڵźĴŮǲҪģϾ̫ǰԷԸģתȥչ鲻á
Ҳ͵͵̫źգ˵̫ǰӲ֪˵飬࣬Ҳ磬֪˲Ӱֺ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ͸Ƣ
ܾлú⣬ˡֻϾˣҪȥ̫Ǳǲء
淴ҴѾͷ淲̫빬ֻܴһŮܱϴ˽ǸΪˡ⻰Ҳͬ׽˳Ļʵ̫ǵУܹܲȥ̫밲
Ҫ֪밲¶Ҳнģ淵Ÿ̫밲ҪĿҲʾá»ЪţԸǣ͸ûرܣܲø¡
ҵŰɣȥͷʿ
˸ӣ㻹ҪƴǣȴԷ£淵ʱҪշǧĪҪͬҿ
СӵĹϵ״̫ʳˣʺй֮ҪϷ˰ݼڡ
̫̫ͻʺλ⣬ҲûҪʰˣ̫λɵ淣Ҳʱݼĸˡ
ڸĻعûã˽λ̫밲֪ܲܵÿռǡ
ĸոնĲյָϡ
ǳ綼Ҫġ´˸һɵģĺͳϲ죬ͬҲ֮Ե㲻
ȥʺ̫˰ýΪ̫ݵʽװװϵȫλҲûж¡
Ķſ¾һ£Ծͦзģתͷǽɡ
һʢװ˽Ÿӯӯݼ
ĵͷһۡ
һ㣬˵ĸоȻˡϱȽϽСüΪģһǳҺɫ֦װͶ㡢һһЦ͸ŽΣ벻עⶼѡ
ԼûʼҼλĸҲס꣬ǰȥ˼ʱҲûӴЩҵ񶼲̫Ϥ
λ淵İݼͻȻĳҵܾεڶλܹɽͷĸоȻиǰѵǱϾûоЩ顣
ô˵ǧ¶ӡ
Ķ˶񣬶λԵɣλ˵ӣϲ衣
󣬻ǳȿڵ֪̫⼸æǲͬ밲ͷ־Ĳ˵̫пգæ˹ϣûдŵ
ĵ̫ˣн⼸æЩ˲ǣձܵһЩ
ϵ̫ǣлˡ
̲ס࿴һۣǼ׻ȴӵôʵʵ⣬ҲǸС
˵䣬ͨ˽ū̫̫ѸĲѾһ䣬·ԸūŸ̫һ̫һ̫ͬһš
ҪŮ˳ԷŲߵżһ÷Ҳеģᡢλ深Ͼǵһͬļ棬׼λ̫Ƣԣ˭ҲûôǶ˺ظˡ
ȵ̫߳Ժϲһųĵ̫ͷԵǰ㣬һǸġ
̾һǵһμ棬Щ˭˵׼ءҵǰҲ๲¹ʼҲ˵Ǹġ
ֶα˭ء
ЦЦ
ʶԼʧԣæĿڵͽ˵̫ŵǸġôǼ޽֮ǵµˣպʲôҲġ
ϲٽӳϵĻȣԶһһĺȻȥˣպÿȥǽ˵˵Ҳýƶ
Ӧȥա
Ͽ첽뿪󣬳ϲϵӡ
Ȼݶʷ´˸ϴһŮΪﲻóԵʣڼڸвǿǼˣ´˶Ҳôϡ
ɳǸ־Զģͷһֱһɲľͷųͷؽмү̫̫ǹĿ࿴
붫֮ǰϾ׳´˷Һͷߵú׽һ῿̫Ǳߣ̫⣬ϻܺȵ
ǼͬʼҲ׽̫û϶ϰ¶ģһҪץס£̫֮ǰһСⶫȽŸڲ֮ء
ǰͷæذԭӦѸｫһżɻӳͬһţ⣬Ҫš
Ϊ̫䱸һӦŮ⣬Ώĸ̫๩ʹ
Ϊ׵Ǹ٣һǸˣҲȷǸϲ͡
ȻǿźŮӣ⼸βһˣĻǾЩܲϰߡ
Ҳ˼ͷϸϸ̸ڻµʱ࣬Ĵ߶ҲдǲϰߣֻܽйŮʹǡӵ-鷳ȰٽǼСģʲôġ
룬ջӦ
ƺӣʵ綼ʲôɻæµ
ȥĸͻĸ˰ּ˼淡˵Ҿûҹ￴˳һ㣬˵Ů۹⣬˿ɲô룬ǳϸԵһЩǽУǵùȥǡ
Щؿ˸һۣԸȥǣ
ⲻԸԸ⡣ĵѲ˶ˣôǣ
˼ұϾµֱϵԱէ˵͵Сʲôһ¸飬滹Ӧõİɣ
˼ѾʾҪ̫ӵµҲȰ˵ܾô淣Ҫ̫ͬӵһ
ʱȻӦȻҪͬһġ
һνӣٴʶһ⡪Ǽһ˼ûУŮ档
ȻҲʶôô꣬ڵǽʵһΰǰﻹЩ̹
ùһٳĬķῷȥ
߳ʵ淵Ժ
ͷԶԺס󣬳ס
̫ӵšһŲԶһ㣬ͷﲻǻп𣿾ŲǱȥɡ
⣺
λڶԵѰӰôεε檣µ涼ûмϣô䵽ƫԶش
ö˶˵ģλ˭ˣ
Ǵ˵еǨŭɣ
ѵŲǱȥҪȥѰλʱչЩ󷽱㡣
Щһۡ
˲⡣
̫ⲻһʱҪλ͹ȥѹͲȥλסЪϢ
ȫȫ̫࣬һ̫ϣϱŮ˻ǵ̫á
һϣһ̫ӣôͱʼշ÷أ
= =
ߺ󲻾ãʺߵֱ˺Щ˵Ǹ̫չá
ţߵҲ˺Щʲ
ʺ῵ĸҲϵţ͵ĶĽӦõġ
ɹײ῵ĸ̽׵İ񴿴˵֣ĿƴǵôùƷѣĺˣȴ򲻺յģתҶл⡣
ֶŸЦù̫˵ﻰǼＸλ鶼ةˣҲлةģ̫ĪҪƴǣԵøˡ
̬ȼֻýٽİȡ˼񽻸ִ˻ȥ
»ǹӡ
ǰʱŮӵλΪ£ΪʼҸ޹͸ȫȫڻʼңûصġ
ȡº󣬵̫һ껹̫ӵڶ̫һص˸ʴӻҹ˺Ҳ˻һ˵
²ûƹ涨ȫƾСԸڳɻһʱ򣬾͸˵Ҫ׼õĶɼԸؼҿġ
뵽˳ɻ֮ǰı֣뵽ֶΣǽŮԼڵʱôԼء
ǶǰһգֻҪһΣǴ󷢴ȱطŹӡ
һ˯ôõľľޱģҲĸԸûа
ǰڼ˯ȻʱûǿҸоȻҸǶԱȳġ
̫̫Ȼͨ¸ǰ⣬񸮽ӵ֪ͨ󣬽̵ȶһӦȫῳ˶ţͼ·ٺҲλֻȶλϳ̡
Ĵӧļִȣͷ籸̶ȥ裬һ·ϵҲûۡ
մ񷨣̫Я̫ӹʡףʼҪӭġ
ʼҼλĸûл磬Ҳ˳һ¸ʼ˿̫ٵ⡣ӼҲˣͷļҶѾͷôһžЩɡ
ӾҪǰǰ
ѾʵۺöˣȻҲܽԼŮŮ
˸Ժ˺Щĸ׺Ͳĸȥ˺Ժ̫͸ס硢һڲһȥǰԺ
ǰ̫Ӷڸ˵˾Ķӣδ˾һŹȥԴʱ̫ݷ˱仯Ϊ۰Ůɷ򣬸⽫ע̫ϡ
ϸ֮£̫ӻɫ糣͸ǰ˼ǡҲ֪̫һֱ˭ʾãŻʵҲ׽
˵ȻöŮж谮ദôֻ㲻

ʼҴү̫ӺûУüͷ
ǸǵһŮûҲǿġѾŮˣڹү¸о飬ΪʼҵĴҳҲѸһ̬˵ơŻҼҹˣЩڼ˲£ԺƵĳ滰
˼䣬˵ͷ῵ҼĶǸദģС¹ɣҺͼ̫̫ĵģǰ̫̫ס죬֮һǿġ⼸곤ˣԽͨƽˣὫչ˺õġ
׻˵ҹŮõĹŮҪǸþ⡣
ῶŸǫ͵ЦЦ˵ļǣҲǿ̫á

λȻǹүҲ̫ӰԼҵ̫ܵҲһҼҹ޸㸣飬̫ӲⲻΪ裬Ÿô˵ô
ȻߴԲԼҵܵڳѾһˣ̫ӶҲӡ


26

Ů߶Լ, ϯȰƲ, Ҳ, ùźͻԼԺӡ
һлǱǰʱӣͷϲ󰢸, ͷĪַƵĲϻż͸蹰Ĳ飬౦ϲļڼ͹Ŷ
ıŲϻڴϣͻȻЩꡣ
Ǽ˳˻ʼˣӰڣؼСסʲôǲġ
ֻϧ޵ǴܵĴעֻȦڶŮˡ
춯󣬺ӣһỽøĻع
, ̫ˡ
ҲЩƣ蹿о⣬̫Ϣ
ῼ౦ײиƯĻغ, ΢΢ȡ, Ըʵʲô
ס
ʮյʱ, 
úÿʵ, ͸˶౦棬ûսֿ⡣
ǸˣȻû˵, ̬ⶫͬĳ˵˻й
ῲΪĿӶ౦Ų, к¡
ִҪȥĻЩ֪˵ʲôá˿ͬһȥ
ϵһжͬصʽһ״ɫӵĽ磬ȡĺòͷ
ˣǾôأȴӶϢ
ôһЩ˯ˡ
Ĳ棬ոһ˯⣬͸оԴȵĴľǡ
˲˯ȫޣдһССί£Ҫ
Ὼ˾ƣ±ѰʱҪһЩʱŸģЩĸꡣ
˾Ҫôֱ׳ûʲôˡ
= =
Ӹʼҳʱ῿е㲻̫ģѵôӹһˣȥΧҸطɢɢģ˳һš
ῼǵǰڹжʱһομʱ֣Сľһѱİԣӵİ𳤰ŴϵռǰǾһͷڰóԡ
ҲһԣӰϸϸռǰƲƷضŸʵʼҽгǼҰӣ
ĵͷţԹģǰʱ͵͵ҳԹһΣĸ׷ˣûȥˡ
Ը˼䣬뿪ʱδụ̂ǳһԵ͵ĳͬһȥ˳Ŵ֡
˵ִռǰʱѾǰ峡ϣϰ¶ĳ̶ľӦǰһµǮŻôڱ޲ܰѰӸι
ɫˮ͹ζаζţ͸ɫСˣȡһذ׼ԣȴ῵Ŀڷʳϣϡ

ˣʲôӦڹ۲̬Ҫҳʲô⣬عǸһ״ѧػ߸һʲôİɣ
Ͼʱһֱ͸˴ǰԺΪһһȨִߣŸȨһʲô飬˻ǽһߣ׵СڲҰѸôȫһسӡ
ԣǰ̵ֽ̹ĴҹŵӣһСһСڵӳ˰ӡ
ֻò졣
ոսʱҲ⻷ϤжЩӵģҲһЩ
῿ֻ˰Ӿͷ˿ӣЩεöôôͳôһ
ô̫ܳأ
ֵ죺⼸θһֱã̫˰ɡ
ȤȱȱӣҲЩԲˡ
ذʵڲ֮ǰǴĴ˻ȥ
һ죬עҪӰϹġֻ˰ӣողھЩˡ
ԭŷԸİȥŷŪ㶫ԣͻȻ̫ӷŻذЩõͱζˡ
Ľİõİڲ¯ȣһ硣ӣ˶۾Źضӣֻ㽫ȥ
ӽʱʱῲƣӻصָ˯ԭһ𹲽ҹذҲԵһʣˡ
ΰ˵õθڲأ
= =
ָڻʳǶߵĹȺ󣬱ܽʱָԻԺꡣ
Ϻͳ淣̫ӵˣҲǶڳ̫ߵŮˣסȻƽһЩ
深̫˶˼գҲһѮʱ䣬ȴһֱûм̫ӣ淶ЩżԭΪǴ밲̫ǣȴٳûж֪̫̫̫æµˣʱûпռǡ
̫ŴҲҪǱõġ
̫ÿ뿪ʱ򶼺ộѾͷɶ̫ǱߵĶŵ밲ϣ̫ܽӿԼһۡ
»Ĺԣ⼸նڸĵԸʵЩƣԴѹڸ˵ͬһմһǺѹġ
ʵæһ쵱г˾⣬ֻһʱͬһ𣬸ıʾȫԽܡ
ùһԳĬźҪߣչǰ淹ˣλ밲
Ὸϣתͷ콻ôˣ
˲ʱ⣬һ̫徻̫ԸǨӵ飺ūѾ֪ԹˣͷѾˣūŽʹλӰȥ
ص˵ͷ뿪֮ʣϱӭӯӯ°ݡ
ҲòȰ·صˡһ쵱Ϊæµ峿ϾװûаøϧֻöԷʵЩ̫ᷳ
üͷ΢΢壬Ųûֱͣ˹ȥ
ϲʮСǵһ飬̫ӣһ·϶ܵòУǿžص󣬷
ֻͷίȥݼ̫ʱûһ˿㲻صĵطȴ̫Ȼ̫ǰҩô绨ǰ̫Ӹûɲǡ
ԭΪ̫Ľˣû뵽Ļںͷ
ԼӺ˹˳ϵСԺ̫λǨͷסūŷ̫֮Ǩӡ
ϳסˡ
ԺӵϢҲһ㱣վЩվס
̫ӵ涼ûͱ̫Ǩ˺ͷ̫̫ӣ˵̫ڰиСһֶš
ҲЩ벻ͨʱȥ̫밲ʱûһ˿һԽΪΪʲô̫תͷ˶ǣ
һת۾͵ʱ򣬿ɶԳʵ淽õʲôūȥŷǰš̫ûȥ밲ʺţǶڣŷŪöЩ添Ϊá
ϿŰҵ˽ǰθҲûС
㿴Щɣȣ༸Ǻõġ
ɶӦһתȥ˶ŷ
ɶ̶ܳȲȳϸ١
ʱԼܶȫҶ˹¹ùãŵԱɹź淡
ɶˣ񻣬ԭҲֻͼźϣҪ֪̫û檣ܶͬӴһһٳΪļϵˣ¸һŮ°ʲôسˡ
ɶԭҪˮ¥̨ȵ¡ģ˭뵽̫Ȼô֣ժˣֱӰ¥̨ˡ
Щô
̹Ъº󣬿ɶƲסеķƣ˶ߣԼǰĽַϡ
ִɶʱ䲻̣ɶҲָͬҪãһ̲סίرԹ̫ǸģǶ˲Ÿġ
ſɶĿߣŲɡ
ع¶֪̫ŮǸɫڿȻˡ
ɻߵ˻ȥȡһЩƵǡ˴ǰСÿɶҲɶһԼͿơ
ع󣬱Ȳһشͬ
⻰˾񣺡ȥ֪ͨӣһˣҪͬ顣
Ӧ
= =
ĻʱĸŮоԵԼȨϱȥĸǱ߳趨ʡǱزٵġ
ʼͬв̫ͬǰΪδӣҲһ֮ҲҪܶǵ밲ͰݼǳɻҪտŵ밲֮٣Ƕﲢû̫һҪȥʺﳿ趨ʡһ˵Ҳչȥ밲
ĺֶµӣÿȥȥʺ󣬳˼⣬˳ҲһЩϢչ¶
ȥˣ첻ȥ밲ߵ磬ıʱѾױϡ
ǰȷ١ս˲ᡢ˳Ա̵ⷿȻЩ鲻ҪΪΪĸȻҲҪ˽ġ
ǶĽİȥλ混ʱһ䣬⼸ղ밲Ȱٹ˵١
λ添֮һֱûйһСʮȥˣȻ˹밲пգнʵЩ˵ȥ
Ķİ׵Ǿͽǽɡ
ļλ淺һ̶̼ղ˾Ƿϳӡ
ĶǶʵô۾ģҹû˯ðգǳʲôˣ
¡˶һۡ
̫̫ӵģʱȴһ֪޹״ҪƲ
ȻǼŮļ
ϳһȿ޻ҪѿЦݣոǨӣίʵЩ̫ϰߣʶ˯ЩЩ
˵ǱϸֱһЩź̫¿ۣǨȥͷ
Ĵôˡ
ȥǱ߸ʺ밲ʱҶǵ˶ڣʺͽ´ơһƾ浽磬ʺӮö࣬٣ˣ˼һŲ˵ֽСϷǽƶ
ûֻƿϷȻڶ˲ᷢȤʸŻʺһ죬ȵʱŻ
Ļض󲻾῾͵ˣֻôźλүϾ˼ͷ淡
˭֪һ첻ڶĹ˾ͰˣǾо
ѹ˵̬ϴλһˣ˵˳Ϊ̫³⡣
밲˵ģ
Щơ
ģûʾ߰ʾʲôʵԴ˵ûλ淺ᶼûᡢ¶˵飬ǨʲôԺӡ
ǺͷЩҲãˮҲǾס̹Щ˵ҲԼЩ಻ȥˣֻѸ֮ܽһƬ⣬ǧġ
Ҳ֪ôǵˣô˵ῲˣΪޣһ¡
ĺοһִԼ˽˶ӺͲƥλʱȻһǰûеλ
뿪󣬸ĺЩ꣬Ըİֽ˹ѯʰ𱸵ô飬ôû˹һ
˼󣬵ū޶ۣλ添ӵ飬ѵ̫ŵģ
֮󣬻̫̾ŮǸģһԵľͽǨԺӣȱ⿴ķܽԶ̫ӣǺֶΣ
̫һ붫ǿƣһͲǸ̫ǲ̫ӻҲСЩҲҪСˣ˭ȥҲܸ̫ȥ
ģ
ֶĴ⣬˸˵ˡò˵⹬ʵ̫ԲˣǸĸʲôûѾǴħԤˡ
лҪ˵ģ̫ˡ

27

СŮнӹŷ¹Ӧˮ, ߽ݲŷȻ, ͷССһϦջѾ˿ʱ
۵淽, Ǹɣϸָͷʱ, ū澸һҲʡܡ
ô̧ͷЩãȻ㣬֪ġ֮ǰһֱңҪ̫·ߣŻкõĽҲû뵽̫ȻȲ˵ɡҲ֪ǶǴ, Ǻǻ
룬ȰүǸ࣬һϵ, ̫̫, ٻȳ淸һЩλס, ֻ̫һ޹, Ҫλ̫ͬҪЩҲñ¶̫࣬չ黹Ҫһͬʡ
ϵ˵ͷ˵ö, ̫ôЩҪǵ˼ֻȥ̫ͬʾãվͬһӪ, պźöһЩ
Ҳ˽۹·̫ӵ£밲˸ôûȤǶϸЩ
Ȼڼ̫ӣҪڶúһЩ̫Ψһϣ
뵽ֶԴҼǵ˵̫ͬߵ˵ϻģ
ǡնǼΪǵȿ²˵ġ
ϵ̫ǰźģûͬ߶߶պʲôæҲ̫ǰϻ
Ȼû⡣ֻվ˹֣ҪҪ̫һ֣
ԳЦЦڹ̫ū澶磬ﻹܽ˼ұҵĻأһ²һ£˰ա
= =
Ӣڣùź󣬽ǰһģŴԹⶼ˶ٳˣһһ硣ӹ߻ӭģֻŸõĳӣЩͷ֮˵ûˡ
ŴӿտҲķ룬ǳ顣
Ѿˣ⻹ֻšô룬Ȼ׶û£˼ҳãȷͦġ
˵ÿһԵøɸɾҲͦã¶úýһºӲҪ˷ʳ
ջ̫ഫԴҲܾûȥĸ밲ˣͬһȥɡ
ϥӣֻһСŮϱЩ
ͬһڴλ뷨ģΪ̫Ӹոմ飬ӣǶһֱŽдץʱ
ֻϧӲͬһҲ˸ŮǵĶӶûкϢǰ˵ͷ̥кڱŮһϵԭµġ
Ϊﲻˬ˴Ůϡ
ȻҲǲԸȥģȷҲûȥ밲ˣδ빬ҲЩ˵ȥ
룬ջǴӦ˴ӵҪ
ȻӲǱӣ۾۾ֱŴӵ˵ˣﻰⶼǴûչ˺ôӵӡ

һܳ԰뷹ݵȥͲǲʹӦҸ̫ҽúõһ¡
ֱӸ˳˵ǳȥ͸͸ѷĸӡ
㽫ļͬϸϸ˵ˣһȻ²Ϊ棬Ԥϡ
Ŷӵ֣Ȼһ飬һҪץסᣬ̫ǰͷСӲźá
Ȼ۾һʱþ˹˲̫һ˵˲õΪƾٳĳظյǡТ޺Ϊ󡯣ʱᵹ֧ҡ
⻰Ҳ·ʤǰ
̰󣬿ͷСȥ԰й䣬߸Žֵ˵̫Ӵһûǵһ棬ѵпգȥ
ֵǻʳӵ̫ǰɱϾǳȥ̫վЩݶдҲ᲻ʹ졣
֮ôིѵҪҵ̫ͰͶҲɣ
ǿߴӣùܴӵ˼ӲŸء
ֿ첽߽Ÿı̫ͷˣ̫ɷУ˵̫ͬ˵˵ء
ȸ꣬ĪϻŽ˵蹡ֻϧĸ׼ùϲλӣִҪӣĪҲʹա
ھȦҲ쵱ȸĴø࣬Զ˵δҲͦģһֱĸУÿĸ˲²ĳҹ̼飬ҲТĵ䷶
뵽һʶԼĲ㣬ǸĹŮ̫λӶԵ
Թһι֮ҲһֱŮ֮Ҳ˴Ϥһֱϲ׵ĸģСȶƯһŴŴĿɰ˺޲춼ԣҲϲ㣬кøС
ôãǻģȻпգɩɩա
һ˸ıЦǸһĸ밲ģòˣʱá˶һߵͻȻﶼûУü¡
Цɩɩܹңͬ˵˵ƶ˵ľϲˡһˣﻹҪЩء
һʼЩͬĿ֮ͽ̸Խ˵ԽͶͬļǸˬʵĴ㽥غϣиԽϲ
̰⣬ӴӻǳţСʵ֪ȥĶˣ
ص£ߵ˵ȥ̫˵
ӳءߡһͰ͵ȥʲô̫ӵŮôģûȤˡ
Ȼô˵ţǽСӴ·׼ȥӴظ
⣬֮ǰʱ̫Ӱһʧȥ˽϶ѲӵĴûᣬֻñơ
һ㶼̤ĵأվڴſڶСӷԸ̫ӽһæͲȥˣЩгɡ
ͬʱŸĺʹͨͷˣ˵Ҫظء
ŴЦЦɩɩȥ
һͬߵ⣬ͼӹȻվš
ʮһ꣬ӾͲȥ鷿ˣ֮Ҳһֱûôǰʱ򳤸˲٣Ҳ׳֪࣬ΪʲôĿʱܻðơ֫ͷԼ򵥡Ĵ
Ҳû˸ˣէôһȴͻȻס
Ȼһ㣬ҲһֱǸˡ
Ǹվ˵һ㶼ѷɫ
񻣬پ£ǳΪ˸ûо̫ෳ£Լд˼ֳֽˮܽذδС
һ֮£ѸղŸĸ˵Ļܵ˾⡣
ôõĹôͶ˸ĹŮּ̫ǵȲխ֮ˡ

ͨ峿쳣æµҲС
Ϊ߲Ƹĸ飬ͻͷۣʡϡ࣬ʵϴ˽߲ʵһֱ˵
ຫֻֻܺ࣬Ҫ޳ɵģصҪԣֻҪ෴Եģ뾡취޳ɡԲɵӼƽϣֻһԿ΢˫Ŀֱٶԡ
῱Ⱥ˳ͷܣصѸʱֻʶ˵ۡ⿴ҵ··ЩӣŪ˼˯Ҷ˹
ñͿ̫Ѩԣٿ˯ںһЩ
ŮӴֶϲЩݲݵİɣ
Ώһ½ֱü֦޼һ̫ͨȥ

28

, İСؽڴ۵ĺľ輸, Ĩһˮ, Ըĵ̫ͨѸ̫ģſɺã
ߵߡϸϸһ, ӣֻȤָ֦ȴ䲻İһָ
ӣŵͷԸĵİɲˣԽԽдŮˡ
İԭฮоǸһѾͷͱȺӣһЩ˷붫ãͼ񸮲ˣİ˸, ҲԽܸ
˺ӣ⻰İҪһӣŵ˶һ˹, һЦһŵĺӣİ, ̲סɤӡ
ӣʵվһ, óطֶ֡Ÿĳʵ̫ӵǲ͵Ļ
Ӧǡ
ֵ̫֪˯Ǻ⣿
Щ²͸ʲôر⣿
̫ɲô롣ĳ, ⹬´ģ̫ȸ֮ˡ棬Ҫͷ˵˼̫˵, ²׼⣬˲׼ǰ̫, Ȼûʱȥ
ӣİ˵ͷֲǹˣ˵ȷȣ뵽벻ĵطȥ
˵Ҳֻסˣһ˿ʼΧ˯Ķ⡣
İҶ˲Ƕ˵Ⱦ̫ӽ⻨͹ǲϣǰ߽ࣿڹҲҪסǣ
ӣⲻͨ˯Ҳϣܹ꾲˳һЩ
ֵҶ뻹ǵݵλʱΪ졣껹СŮʱһݵѲ峿ȥɲȥʱû·˯ȵۻӴȵ۷ۣö衣
˵̾һƽƽҲǸʵʵڵĽﻨлݵ۶궼벻ū澾ãҶװ˯ϣպԶΪһЩﻨһ
ģ
ῲ˼СһΧ⻨³ˣԭ˻ôѵô
Ǹ죬λ淺ʹ󣬴ֵá
һ˸ľϴμʱ򻹽С㡯еȣżղҪĿڽɩɩˡ˵ǰɩɩæĸһֱңҹҲҴšôŹ˵ʵ֮Ըɩɩɱҡ
Цšš歰͸գҲأþЩء
ĿʵЩԵʣһ˲ò㣬һʱҲע⵽˴ߵ˯治ôһӶװøʻ˼֣⼸̷ĻݵǰڽЩ
ĵ͹ģͷǰͽġ
ϸϸضһŸЦǸ⻨֦־޼ġ
İλ÷Ÿıͷˣ˵̫˵˵
ֻ֣ɷ׷ǹʣǰҲûʲôôͻȻ֮ͻ˵أ
ƲƲ죺⼸ĸߵͦģʱʵǳòԼмɫڵúܣλֻϧЩںϵ˼͵ˣֻҸλԼ̫ϻ꣬ɾǴ϶·Ҳ벻˸ʷۡ
οֻͨĺÿ
Ĵ歵ĻͷҲûʲôŵתʵ¹ȴΪΣ
ֵϵֱ歸ͨ͸һЩǳ淵Ĺĸ
ԭˣӹʲôֶŮƽġ
Ȼ˶ˣ̾˿ɡ
ɹȻŸĵĹ۲죬͵һ㶼磬ȴһ÷Һ칬װ׹˸ɫңͷװɫĹΣէһװΪĸ빬͢С
ɶŸĵҲð̫ˣ̫¡
к£¡֪ʲô£
Ťɤӿڵ̫ǸõطͷõҲãȴʧ£̫ݡ
ǫЦЦˡ
˵סҵ⼸չ˴˵λǨӺͷҹĹŮҲ˵ˡ̫ҲǺ⣬Ǳ徻ɫáϾƫһЩ̫ӵµĳƽҲԶôǨȥ˾ݲˡ
˵Сĵؿ˸һۣûɫż鴫Զˣ̫ͻʺλҲΪԼ룬ҲҪΪ￼ǣͷĻˡ
ĵ̫ӵλ»ӵģҲʲôɣʲô뷨ȥ̫ͬӵ˵Щ
ɶԸĵĻŽɣҲȰ̫ӵ²ǣվΪأӶร
üͷ
һ˫ŮϼЩݶøϥŮ̫٣װ˷˸ôõĻ
ĸ뾡취ͷˣҲֲ´ĸȰ
ԸһƽͣȴʮַСҪӶ˼ҷԼ飬˵ģ˵ˣ蹶ѹƷԺǰ;޿ЩݵôʲôãҲȲһˡ
Ϊͯ겻õĻ䣬ԸĶķзǳ˵Ҳơ
̫ӵԸҲ֪ġȰûãοң˵ˣȵ۵ļλӣĸϥ»ӲǱ¸һЩˣʥӣɼϲиġ빬ʱ䲻ˣҲǻߵˣ뷨׻ؾЩ
ɫ࣬ǰͷʲôŻã˵ʹĿӡ
Ҳһ԰ǻ:ҶҪǵӣ̵ĺٶʲôãĸû˵ʲôأﵹġԭΪʲˣڹû£ûĵ黹ء
˸ûȤ:һҪæȻȥˣ̫æɡ
ȵԶ֮󣬴ŶŸıԹ:ʲôйúӶˡҲǸûȵģ˵ǾôˣЩ뻰ϡ˵ˣŮŮˣôˣ
歵ļ򣬿۾歶
ţ
ûˡ
:
췢˺ܶ飬ǨһϵзӦкܶ໰ʣȥѸȥѰ⣬ѯ̫ӵºʱ
ǳɻһѯʴ¡
ѵǷȥ˯ãĪĺ
Ȼͷ飬
ĺˣƺʲôҪ˵῿ʵ:ʲôҪ£
ĵ˵λŲ˵ǵµ˼ǾΪΣ
ԭΪ£
һǶ深޶ٺøУҪʲôԼˡ
ôֱ׵˵ΪԵԼܺûӡ
ޱŲԶЩ徻
ɵҲ˵ͨ룬ˣպһֱסȥʱվ󷽱㡣
ɫһôϣȥ
ɵĻڶȻĲͬɵĻǲòϣĻмֵŶ̫ʵڲ٣ԼǴҪҪǲ͸ǳʲô¶ˡ
ҲΪ롣
ЩҪΪ룬ͱЩеûġ
һѵԼҰڶļϸ
ΰ
һͦḻġ
˼
̫⳯ӶԼҵ˼ûУҲǶ֣ΨһԸ̫Ӹ̫ӿһ´Ҳˡ
ȻȨġࡱһöΪһֱǹ䣬ʹЩֶΣŮ˴ﵽĿġ
ͻȻã
῿ľôסˣֿ֪ʼ˼ˡ
ֱ̧:Űա
еĳ˾Ͳˡ
̫ѾȢ¸ӵĻҲճˣʵصعţ˳ͬʺһЩӻµһЩϸڡ
ʵʺùź󣬻ʺߵĴŮƿ
ʵ۶Żʺʵ𣿡
ʺҡͷͬҲûʲôЩӳ밲Ҳҹʱ˻Ҫǲǳʲô飿
뵽ʺתͷƿɽнɡ
͵ĵģ˵Լһʱģһʱʺﳢ
ɶŻʺ˵ͬʱʵ˸ۡ
ʵûɣǿһʳġʵ۸ţֱСһ࣬ʵֻģԲ¡
ΪΪӡ󣬻ʵٿʱҲģҺɫϽʮӡʵЩҹά
ʵԽûθͿʼֱߵġˮע
ɽҪΪԼֶŮ深ƽʺ״ģ»ʵҲڣһõĻᡣ
˵ɰͰ͵Ŀ׺ɽ̫ҪλǨӵͬʺһ˵󻰷һתʵ̫ᣬ֪ҲΪ̫ӵ룬̫·صع﹫ʴá
ʺû˵ʵ۵üͷ
ǸŲӣֲʲô£ȴͰ͵ʺ״ʺ̫Ĺϵ
̫Тǻʺ̫ϵˣ̫һ̫񾴻ʺԵʡ̫Ӻ̫֮ϵˣ̫ڶίةŮԻʼԹޣӴԺٲΪҳˡ
ʵ۾ãⷬڵ߸
ʵ۶ɻ˻֣ȥɡ
Ҳ˻ʵĲԣûٶʲôŻʵۻʺˡ
ȵ뿪󣬻ʵ۶ɲԾ˸Ӵŵ飬ô̳ܲģȻ˵̫ةĻôǲʲô뷨
ʺˣŲԶЩҲáῶᣬǴչ黹ҪӸȵЩة࿴ﻶϲҲῶǾĸ
ɽյоʺòӲŻʵ۽ˣƽ￴Ż飬ʵǸûʲôӵģɵøҵûϹĥƢãɱεùǺͰɺɻطϹأҲʡٳʲô״
ʵͬͰʺ˵ð졣
лҪ˵ʵۣе뺦ޣ

29

ɸ״¼, ʵԽ
Ϊ͢Ϲ, ѣҵҵ, ±عףΪԶ˵Ĺ, ȴȻò˵İ⣬̫ķ顣
ڶ糯󣬻ʵ۽شةΪϧ䰡ԺίҪԼһҪ֪ź
ޱغһڲˮʵۼ޶ʷ˵, ǰʱ鵯Ķ̶Ȼڼдʫ㣬Щƨͨʫ, ⲻǳԱ˳ŵʲô
̶˸ӡ, ̰޶Ȼôϲ, ڲŲλĵ䷶̶˿۵ͼʿõ鱬, ڱָһ٣̶ʱôҳȥдʫйһԹҲ
ʵ۳ڡةΪ̫͢ࡱв԰, ԡ޵ة̫סΪĵ㿪ʼչٴ㷢һ
յ󣬻ʵ۲ֹͣݽյ, Żʵϵлʥϴʥ㲻ࡣ
㷢˸У͵˵µʱ䣬ʵһ£ŸʵǱ߶˸ȱý˭ϸǺһЩ
òĵ飬ò֮£ѡһ¿ֲöԣ»
ʵ۰˰֣ǲ̫ˣ˵ϲҪӣһ仰˵׵Ҫʮ仰ܽ꣬ü⼸ӢǲȻƽӹЩǱϾӾ˾ˣס˵⺢ϾҪˣѾʹҲȥټǼܰĵĶûУʵЩ̫ᡣ
ʵڲ̫ãĸʵ˹ȥʲô¡
ӦӢӢɵΡ
ʵüЦ޾֪ͬ뵽һȥ
= =
ڣǹ˵˼ְֵϢ־ϲȥʼĩ˵һټ
֮ǰйȥһˣĴ˻˵Ǹлչ˼ֶ
̫ǸΪģҸ֪⣬Ѿ͸ĻԼ˵˲ٺûŻټԼֵܡ
ôûǼһۣƫ̫ͬúټӢ̫Ĺ͡
ԽĥԽô£ǱʼȥȥѰ̫Ҫʾл
Ϊ˸õдģһŵӣԸ߹ŮȥŷҪš
ŷڣܹ̫෽ʦƿ¸Ǯ¿:ܽйƷѣЧūŵĸ
һó裬ԼҲСŷͽᶼͽ᲻ϡѵлᣬȻҪúñ֡
¼״Ҳټ֣кõĵŵӵݸʦ̫ţ̫ĿζǱ˽⣬˵ˣʳҪ̫ζźá
µź߻źʱС̫ŷţʡǲ۵ĽõŽغȥ
ŷʦֲ˺ǹܵҲŮϼ͡ϼʦæȻ죬ĻѰ׵õĴˣɶһ䣬֪̫š
ϼŵĻص󣬱㽫ԼɽŸ֪˵
һǣϳͰϹͽᣬǸСҲ̧٣ҿɿɡ
ϼͷӦһû˵
˼ҹͽʮгɹģֵ٣ֶѧϲ¡ǼӣֻͬһұͷŪֵڼҸУֶŮԵ
˵ǹʵݡ
յûͷûԵԼֻ֡ǹϾǹǳҶֳ˼⣬ʵڲ֪ξܾǴȥ
յǹ飬ҿʮ֣óԺúȵдģŷؽø仨һȻС󱻺ܶ˿˴·ؿĺټʵЩӦ
һŽӽβִҴ˵ӵѾͷһ飬Щţȥ
ӻδ鿪ȻۡѾɣȻڹסţҪȴ֮ܰȥ
ӵĵһӣûţ۶ӣǴȥ
ҪߣҲҲǡ
һ£תŸѯʵ̫ﻹûкõɽΣҼ︸ǰʱӲã˽֮ǰ͵ǼӸζȥ˼һʱòţûȥµģ˭֪ˡ
վΣ⻰ɿӦеģͻȡ˸ȥ
ĽİȥⷿͨѰϺõĸγ׼мָǹȥ
ֶŸȰûأɩĸȻˣҩĻȥΪáҲԵö̫ܵӵ¹ػ׵ܡ
ľü˵Щ·ֽİ˼̲ҩģ˹ȥ
δӵסľϵĲҽ
ûвûмңҲûʹŹŮǶ˽˳һѪˮֻͷΡ
Ľ˲κҩĽ˹ߵֺ֣ͬɫ԰׵Ӵк˵˼伪黰һԵš
֪˶ãڴӤֳͬӺ͹ϲǸСĸӾ
= =
ĻعʱƮǵС꣬ǹΪ׼ɡҲˮʪһ㡣
ѾңȻûлմػ˵ʵ̫ӵ¹ţ̫Ա㡣
ֽسǽ̽ˣȻǼֹźĸ¡
ֶԣľüʵԵһЩ˵Ҳºֻǲ֪Ϊʲôܲǰǰź
ֿģ·ָͨͷŸʵ̫ôˣǲմˮ̹
΢˫Ŀҡҡͷû£ǿ˽ϣͷΡϲʮ꣬ôչ鲻̹
ֵǸиģӵĳŮӼ쵽ʱͷ̥Ѿֿ˳ˡ
ֻּ̫ǵ˵ͷ˵̫Ӳãת˻Щתū澽Ǹϸ˹ӣЩĴΣ
ҡͷҽûʲôθڣ˯ˣðɡ
ź֣һȰİˣǼֻǿ˸һۣūȥʰ̡
Ώʱϰ˵ҡ
žͷָ˯ڴϣüͷе壬ͷ亹
ɫ
̫ǲǽ岻ʣ
ֵ̫ûʲôθڣǶ˯Щ
ῼػǼ֣ϾǴСԼ֣ʶҲЩɫԺ̫ӲʣǵЩ
ǡ
̫˯˶ˣ
̫ʱ
ʵ:ʲô飿
ֽ췢һ˵:̫СָոճףûЩ飬Ǳϸˡ
ῡšһתͷʵ:̫ҽԺ˭ֵ
ǻ̫ҽ̫ҽڡ
῿һ۴üͷĸģлư̫ҩ˯ǰ̫ˣҲ˯Ⱦ
Ӧȥ
λ̫ҽ˵̫Ƭ̲ҵ󣬺ܿ͹˶
˵̫λ̫ҽҩͼҩʳ׺˳
´⽫̫ҽµʳ׽С簾ҩ౸̫š
Ӧ뿪
Ὸ¹˸ϣĶͷ
Ĳʵض˶ῷ§ס񰲸С˯һһһĴ:ûˣ˯ɡ
۾Ҳ˳˷䡣
лҪ˵ףĵСʹ520֣~

30

ԽԽ
ؽʵڲС, ʵ۰̫, ǻָ֮˼, ֻصͷסʱǻʪ͸ˡ
ܿò¯һ̶ٺ, ֻһ롣
ù󣬶ܿ޵:ҲԽԽˣҳžҲȳùòЩʲôˡ
ܿǫ:̵ֽúá
һһ£ܿʵ:ҷŷ·𿴵Ѿͷȥˣҹģȥʲô
񸮸λֺŮҲϳµС塣
, ܿҲͬߵøһЩ
ܿƲƲ죬Լֵ:ͬߵúܽע⡣ʱ˵, ̫̫ӻ, ̫Ӳ˼, ͬల¡˵ָź̫, ŻԵԼҺ·
˵, ܿЩŵؿ˼һ:֣ǿɷҲҪͬͷλ淽һЩպ̫汻̫ô·
Ҳڹһӵ˾, 쿴̫Ӻ̫ദʱ飬ʲô׵ģҲôȥȻź̫Ҫƴһȡһλá
ǰʱĹſ֣˴𰸣Ȼܽͷøˡ
ֵӽ޷Ͷ֧̫ҵС
̽׻֮󣬳ȥź򣬿Ѿˣźţ˳żָ
ֻ֣ΪǴ˾Ӷأ˭֪첻ɽˡ
ź̫ùźָڼĿڵ:һΪϽ㲻̫ͷɽأ׻ҼʶǳһЩȻ´ˡ
ָЦЦûгϣҲûзϡ
붫ʱ򣬼ֲûаҪͬ˼ǰӽ̫ԽԼˡ
ֿʼֺжֶڵ뷨Щȷˡ
̫ôѲˣֶźҼ޲֮ɼһ㣬պͬеǺȥռϷ硣
= =
ҳ˲飬ֱ٣Ƿծ¼ֵΪ˼Ҳֵüɹð
ϥӣڹгռįַϼһ׮һ׮ƣƢҲԽá
ͬȤʺﻻ
ͷط࣬ʵƣʺͣͷҪ󲢲ϸ񣬴ҲλӲڹ²ֻ۱ֻֻۣҪ̫á
ﲻʹ죬ȻҲɡɵƤӵ¹̫ǰЩϿĹʰλҪǻʺҲ˵̫
ɰᵽ󣬱λڵùǺҲʵЩ벻ףö˶˵ģΪʲôʺͻȻɻס
ɿ˼ãյóۣԴӶ̫˾Ϳʼˣȷ̫ڻʺǰҩ»ʺӡ󲻼ѣŻᱻɵĥ
֮ǰ̲סͬһѡ빬õ߿һ
÷ɵĻʮֲ졣
Ҳ̫ԲЩǸССλ͸ȥ˼йʺĶϱ顣
ĸ̵ܽӷ鱾ǴɣҲϥûкӣ˶Ϊֻǵ޴ϥиӣô˼̫ȥ谭˼Ҫճʳﲻɣ
ɼõûʲôӦһ㶼ûбֳԼͬ飬תȥ˺߿࣬ûʹ˻ʺĶ
ʺǰֻǾЩŵȴû뵽ӾȻỵ̶ֳȣǨ鶼̫ͷϣʵ˷˼
ѹֻʵ˵ʵںܲףΪ͢ô̫ͣȴֻ⡢̰û뵽Щ˲ҥ࣬ΨһŮŹʵ̫ˡ
ʺȻаרŽȥɹн̵һ
ôҲû뵽Ƿ˹Ů˶᷸Ĵ󣬲Ϊ̫ͱʵ۶Ϊͼ߸
ʵ̫ɵ𣬳¼Ҳ
ߺŵòᣬڶͲ˴ϣֱڶ꿪ų˴Ұ
֮ϢرͨĲ֪ⳡ粨
ԴӾһʱԺ̲סĻ黭档
̫ҽҲ˸ĵһЩͳƣյóۣ΢һЩûҽԺӸһЩ
淶ŲԶˣ̫ÿЪֻҪ㣬ÿζᷢ顣
ľ취̫һ£ʱֹͣһ˵Ḷ̌ʵڲоͰƵȥȻסԶ˵㣬ûҲܽܣû¶ȥ˾Ȩɢˡ
Ȼ׸ĵ¡
ʱֵ׼ϸľ¡ţȻųʱҪǿֱ˴̸ǰᵽ鷿
Ŷʵڲ٣̫һȥ鷿漴˷Ӧ׷̫Ӻ̫
ĵһȻ̫ӲϲʲôϢֻҪ뵽ʱڲҪӣ;һò¡
֪飬ֹȰС޶ǴͷܴβֻͣҪþˡ̫Ӧøȵ͵ͷҪӲ
ٻǺҪҪ
νطŻӣԵɡ
ͷĻʳ˶̫֮²ǿ֣ȴʼꡣ
˵̫Ӻ̫־ӵϢ˫ֺʮӷ𣬶߿ɶЦտȵһˡҾ˵̫ǿӣԼǸŮǿи̫⣬Һ㶼Ų˺ͷ̫Ӱܲգ
붫ʱ䲻̣̫һֱûЯ˼Ҳ̲ס
˴ºȲͬ˻㱨һˣչ鲻ͬһ³ç
ϰסг嶯ԴҡҡָȵȵȿǱ߶ٵһȡ
תۼ硣
ʵۻȥĹ¥£ݲӦйʺ̫ӷһȥ¥
ʵ۷˵ƣ̸˲СŸĸп¥㸸׵޽ģÿÿϸ¥Һ͸ЩĹ㸸Ϊ͢ĹףΪŮʵӦȥȻ糯ˣûʲôҪҪæȥҲӦá
ΰ
Դӹ¥ʵ۴ûȥ¥ϲιۣմȢ˸ĵĹ⡣
ʺ˻ʵһۣ⻨Բѽڣ˼СȻҪȥۣ˭Ըûһͷȥ¥ϳ±
ʺŸº͵ˣĶõȻȥɡ
̫Ӹмؿ˻ʺһۣλ뿪ǣһԵĸȥ


31

һ÷ϵذɴȹ, žµİٺ, صڶ·, 밲
´𣬳վһ˲װѽ, ֱһվ˵῵Ļ
ľеΡִᣬĵһӦǴɷͷϾôĹŴϴ̬ҲЩת䣬ΪʱǺϷҲΥµģǶоЩ
˦῵֣ĬĬ߽
ü
͸Ҳûһˣǣһ·߻ǵ͵, һ¾֮С
ԭһȥõСƺҹ޵һ, ʲôҲİ
õҹ, ôһ֬ĳƻˡ
ֻϵѬԼͷ, һƿϺ뿪, κʵﻹбԶĵط𣿡
Сشͷûˡ
һӻ޴ɢֻܣ֣úýһ̳Ϲ, ʲôʱѧˣʲôʱ
һ亹ǡūȥˡ
߸֮ǰΪҪ絽, ͽİǰĹǶ˼١
ǶĻصʱֻмֺİ͸Ĳˮͼɵ±֮Щ塣
İӭǰĸ£û뵽̫硣½ûһ
ĵȥ˳Ǳߡ
Ļδ䣬῱˽
һ£ʣûȥ
ûС
ֻЩ⡣
ס鷿ˣнεεСϸͶͱô̵ס򷢻ȥأ
῵Ϸ𣺡ûأѾȥˡ
˵̫һʮɵˣȻԼҪ󲻵ͣҪҲߡˣ̫ӿܾǲϲԼ̫飬淵ĵˡ
ĵ˵ͷӦã֪ˡ
֪ʲôˣ
ĵ㲻ϲЩ飬Ժעġ
ġͻȻһ
ţ
̧ͷ۾
һ͵һ£ô뿴ͻȻôǰЩŹȻ飬̫ӵȷһõģڵƻϸϸ˵üĿü续
δСߴˣѲİɡ
˵˲һñ˵ı׼ҪԼ
ĻԽǳԽϲ
˫ͻȻô֣棬˵жرƵģЩεã֪ˡ
= =
Ǵʵ⼸ںϵ˼͵ˣԼܲЩ¡ǽʺûʲô£еģͬŽһϷúһ֡
ΪʺİĶϱȻҲյ롣
ǰһӸϵ󣬷鵱͸صϷİʺﶼ׼ˣ̫롣
ȥ˶¥֪ʺרŸ׼һ
Ϲ¯ȼٺ㣬籸õĸɫˮ͹¶ʺΪ׼һ̨ԶͷŴŴŵıʯһģֻһӦõĶϺնУ˵ҲΪ
˲жˡ
Ȼ̫˲ô粻͸Щ鷳лʺôõڣϹʲôĶǸƣ紵ɢҲûϧ
ĶֿΪôģҵĲǡ
˵ţʺ˽ĵ֪Է⡣
ʺովɵ飬پնЯŸĵͷ˶ӣ߿Ϸͺãȥת⹬˺ܺƵӣʵ򵥣Щű˺õģͬһҪСЩ
ÿµӡĴԻʺ󹧾лĸ㣬֪
ʺߺ󣬸Խûʲô˹ţ̰ѣϻصЩʹټǰʱĿӵ飬һֱЩͷҹʱ־ͷ
̫ˣ¶æʱڴģû˯ӵϢæϻ
̫ҽԺֵλ̫ҽҲ˹ǿҩڵƻͨһֱڵһ䡣
صѾˣ¸İҹٳʲô⣬ɴûи¾ޣһԺŲˮġ
ֹῼ˼ѣЩ۵¶æһˣӻڿģȥЪ
ˡ῵ٹһʱ͸ȥϳˡ
Щε̾ȥƬȣǵǰ»ڴʱ򣬳Էū澶Ǹ漢ٷЩͣ嵭Щ伸峴Сˣºôһ㡣
ǾˡῸеĻۣﻹһ£Ҫи֡
ֵ¾Ը
῵̫Сʱæʱʱ̹̿ǼѾͷǴӸųģ˵ʲôʲôЩȰס̫϶ģպʱ򣬻Ҫ࿿ֿˡ飬Ҳٷڶˡ
ֵȻź̫ū澵ıְū澶иչ˺̫
= =
һҹ˯Щܣ۾ֻʺڲԶ鰸ϳĻӡ
ĸôˣ
ʺסˣﻹҪЩ񣿽ῶ͹˵㲡ˣҿɫǲõģĵôģ
Щ˼شĸˣҵĲǡ
ʲôʺЦЦҿЩʵںÿɶΪģ
Щ˼ˣ⼸һæ˲Һ͸硣Щ֮ǰڼʱ򣬳ģдʱġ
ʱûֻûлʱڼƣ㾭һǰϷӣټһЩ˽裬дͬĳŮȶ˵Լơ
ʺ⻰ԸЩĿ࿴û뵽㻹͡ѹҿֺÿýͷЩ๫ıʷԭԼġ
ʺİþǿϷƽԼϲǲ
һֱңʺڹҲĸǵһֱǾйĵѡ
ʱĻǸõĻӣ竽ĴԵҹӶڻʺǰչԼĲܺѧʶϰ棬õʫʣ֪ϲӣ죬˽ٲĻлвٹ±
ʺʱͰƫ˵ӣȻʵǲϵЩϾлӵڡ̫үźôǸֻҪȾܺԱգҲûй෴ԣմӦ¡
ʺǰʱÿڼҴ̨ӿϷʱ򣬻ʵ۶һʵû˵£һ˵ѹեӣѾûϷˡ
ǣˣչǿסġ
ûϵ۹ãһôõĶϱ֪ޥģֱܸ⡣
뵽ʺŸԽϸϸһˣŵȸһЩ󣬽Ůȶ˵ƶ
ļʺƺϲЩİ˴ǰдõļ׻ʺ˻ȥ
ʺ뿪󣬹ߵ˹
Ҳ˵˸飬صؽֹ˺Щҩġߺİͺӣҩ㣬һߵǼһ
Ȼֱʣôҩÿһһ󷽵ĺˡ
ĿŵǼǺõĲǳ飬֪գΪ˲ζûˣվΪ̫ˡ
= =
Ϣһͨձ֪˸顣
Ī϶Ÿģȥ̫Ӻú˵˵Ů빬£Դˣ⻹ˣͷôֹŮôûѹŮչ˺ã
צԼȥ̫˵ӣĬˡ
Ѿصʹ̫ҽĵĲˣΪڿϷʱԶѳԻ˶ķգԹҩѾˡ
һ̰ǰʱڼҲûйʱĪҲŴ½ѵģȥ˼̫˺Щռ
ջǴⲻȥ̫ˣĬĬעŮȴ
ѵڣῶŸĶ飬ҲšضҵĲǣֻæžƸĸ飬ûп˺պһҸ׵տٷĶˣġ
ῳϿҵ̬ȣͷһζ̫˷ĵĺøСҪ˼ͷôôأܵȫ棬ˮ©ӲжΣǴԼԭôõ꣬ôܲϲ
һ̲ס̫͸©㸸׼¸¸һѲµʱա
ΰ
Ѹȴһûɼʶ˽׼ġ桰նࡱͦɼǳͷѾǽʱڵĵˡ
˵ţʵʵĲ˽̫Ӻ͸ĵͶЦе̫ʲôأ
ޱʲô£ġ
ͬޱӦһġ
ʵԽͦصģǾЩʲôأ
лҪ˵ʵۣôľ꣬վǴˡ
仰

32

ȻϺסԶһЩ, Ͼͬסͬһ, ܸ֪һЩ
Ҳ˵̫, ҹ̫Ӻ̫ҽڵ춼ͣ
ݳϷ, ܣһ̫Ӹȥ鷿̫Ϊ˽̫ӻת⣬װʾ˺˻ڶ̫ʲô״У˽ţĽ̫ҽ
ϲȷ̫ʲô, Ϣ˵ʲô£ǵڶ
̫Ǹ֮Ůϱǿһɽȥ, Ψһָܷ̫֮ǰΪ̫ӵºӡ̫ױ, ôܰͷļʱ󽵵͡
뵽, ȻҲ뵽, ڳϵľɥ͸˶ˡ̫УȻһֱ̫, ЩҲ׽̫ӵĻˡ
˲ԼͬѾͷȥŷ̫յŷķʦŹӦȥ󣬻·͹ա
ʦһǸ, ռģʱЩϰߣɶŷʦȤѣʲôˣһģ͵㣬ļ
ʦסŸӻóӲ˲ϵϸҪҪ̫ӵ£Ҫͷܹͨһ
աСһŵСʲôҪ飿̫Щܲײ˵ͷ̫ӡ
ʦ֪һУε̯̯֣Ǵ£¹̫ͻã˵ǲǴ£
ڵźͷŻյô£
վӣ磬ʦ˵Ҫ̫ӡ
̫ͬߵʹ̫࣬ɱҪ׶ˡʦôȥˣҪٷѰ࣬æԵλ˴̫·ͬСɣҪ̫Ӳǡ
ڹﳤ󣬹ֶʦ˵λѯľ徭῾ʶԡ
Ҫ̽ѻŮǷУʳϾܿߡϺͳ粻ƫƫ̫̫ҽ֮ĵطʹˡ
뵽῵ɫ˼֡
˶죬ֳô۶ӣʱø淽һˡ
= =
㽫ڼóСŮǲ˳ȥԼǰϻһյȲ裺Ǳߵķʦ俴ɢȴúܣūСӴӹȥһȴʲôûūиͬ磬ŷźū澷òʣ˿ڣ˵̫⼸һֱʳ嵭ֻСˣϵȷá
ֻСôüͷһʱ㲻̫ǻθڲãˣҪЩ嵭ġ
ǡڴʱϵͷ𣺡ô
ڡӦһ˳ôͻȻҲ֪һʲôҪ֮£
ϵ˵̫ˣܲȥҲǰ취Լһȥһˣ̫ĲãҲ̼ǡ
Ҳȥ̫̽̽⻰»
ø£һȥ
İᡢ¶˽üͷ̫˵˲չ밲ټ⼸ӲãҲ֪ͨǽ²Ҫ
ͻȻã֪Ϊ£İ¸񣬲Ըڴ̫ȴİ̬֮ǰһȥͷ̫ͨ󣬽˽
ĲòѾ´һμڿ
˿ɫ죬δʲôߡ
Ȼûʲô񣬲˵ŴҶסͬһ£λҲûйˣþôϳȥ
ֻĵ˵˺Щ滰ӣޱظλ添²裬Ÿĵߵͨ˵̫ӵ¹Ҫ̫һš
ӣ˵껹˳λһۣϣܹʶȤЩ뿪
ᡢ˽۾һԴӰᵽ˺ͷҲûм̫ӣżȻҲû˵ֻƬ֮ǰΪ˼̫ڣвޣ뵽̫ӣȻǲȥ
ͨ뿪ûã῾͹һڵͿΧڸߵ淡
˵ѾãȻûȫָɫҲһЩ԰ףȻλ˵Щ
𷽲ŷ˵ĻټΣλ淸Щ
ؿһۣ俪ڵ̫岻ʣȴΪ淣̫޾η֮ģǲǶѾˡ֡Ҫôд
̫ɫʵЩˣϥͷһȹˡϱȳһģҲŹˡ
ῷŸȥţ̫ķ·ٺ£Ůȶʮзߣ
̫ɫһ
ôصĴԲֻ˽̫ô򵥣̫Ѿ֪˽ȥŷ̫̽һ¡
ֻһȥͷ¹ţԽԽί̲ס˶ʱˣ̫ӶûǣûʲôɫЩСⷣǶҲˣʲôӣ
ԽԽº£ڹд̽λʳסбǴɣйغõڣһȥŷ̽鱻̫Ӹ֪ˣ̫ӷŲŻֽ䱸ǡôһ֣Ҫ̫еӡɾˡ
Ϊǹͷ˿ˣΪ̫йġ
˷׷ױʾ̫ȻǸŮո˴󵨣һ붫Ͱ淴򷢵ֽԼǰ򣬾ǻʺҲûԼſڷ򣬿˼̫Ӳ͸ôɣ
ö˶һ̫òᣬֱһϵĶˮִݻ۶գһµ֡
Щ۵ҲʮΣЩΪŮѰѲ˽ʯģһҲ͹ȥˡ
ֹգ؋SҲ̽Ÿĵ˺һȻǲ˼գҲˣ۾ˣǱȴǰʱŸÿЩԴЩͶĺ͹õò٣϶ԲһȦĸЦأ˵ôȥĴװٲҪӺЩӡ
˵歵ıӣҶСˣҳ࣬Ҳļ°ˡ
ЦһֵҿܲԲЩɡ⼸㲡ûȥͷأĻѾˣ³ʮʱѾ˰ɡ
ĸпʱҲǿ죬һתӴǰˡ
歰Ÿ²۵Ҫɻˣ⼸ȴϴȥǰ¶؋Sһ޷ִ磬ĸŮ
ռλҶƣҲڣͰʺͼλĸơ
ߴƱԹʾ񸮶Դӻ²̫ʱģһӦҲ̫ӴʱԶߥȥʵǰͷ֡
ڹδӲֱ̫˴׵ܣƱˣսĻ˻ȥ
歵ĻЦЦзִ硣
ʵ̫ӣǹ˵ȥʵֻ֣о÷Сţ׽ʺ̫ӣͬùϵպӶкôģò˵Ǹˡ
˵ţСһεˮ׹͸׿ԿֻȺĹεû졣
歿Ȥʵʲô
յش޽ĸ㣬½ū͹̫Ƹʡ
ڴԼ֮ǰԹ°ͰͶ̫ϡġ㡱˵ʹģ֮á
տֻСЩ࣬ҡͷβмȻ̬̫ӷе㿴žǺǹĲͬǺе֮磬ԹҲˡ
ôһ˵ῲͣͷСһ֪ǲԭôϸһȻڵġ
Ǹ͹ȥ᲻˼أ
῵ȥĿ
صţװ顣
˵С𣿡ָŴǰͬҶһˮףҰǱˣŵεûء
С㣿
῵üͷ˲ʱ
Ա߾ʹڸеһۣǾζ⼸źīиҹҹֵزͣٺ
ı
ǧ򲻸ãͲ˵㳤øм
ϸȥʱ򣬴ʦ˵ʱ겻зܱƽ
ʦĻȻ


33


Ӵڼ, ǹǲ̫ȥǼѰ˵ĸӢ, ÿʱȥһ, ʺҺ͹ﻹûʲôʱʺһ, δҵ
ӵԸӢҵ̷ͷǰ
ŹǼҶԸʼҶ׽ʼҴǼҲʮֲ鿴ںȴǱһζ
ͲǼ̫࣬Ӣãĸ׺˱˦ӸӢƣӢŷǱ߶һʱ, ˰ӢӢ֪ҵŲôýġ
Ӣոջְ, ֵæµʱ, ڵ˴ʱĹ, Ӣʵڲ뽫˷νĵȴ, Ѿ˰ѻȥˣҲ˹Ҫ󣬲ýӴҴææȥˡ
ຫ֪, Ѷӽйݺһ٣п˵
һżУ˵, Ȼͷ̹Ŵʱ񣬺ӵȷЩɹ˵Ǹõġ
˵Ӵһ죬ڶҪġ
ױǰԸŮ˪١
ӴŹǷһԣ¸ױ
ò˵ɫ̫в磬ͬϻвġ
ֿʧ䣬ҲȰ˵ûһòôмв飬ΪµԵǰ̴档
Ҿ˵ΪɵĲǼΪɫģûнޣ檣תһ룬ҲͺЩ
ӷȥݼ˵ۺȥݼ
󣬺̧ͷǹһۡ˵úǲײССǺҲ˲֪ɽȥ
ǹҲǸûʲôԶ۹ģڿŸܳ裬һ˼ȥʼⲻ֪ʼ̫ͬһλһؾʼұصܣ⳯ûǺҵ¡
ֻǸʮ߰ŮгǸڹҲǲġ
ǹλã䲻жԲɵ֮ҸоΪãЩǹøӺɵϱԻͽǻȥˡ
ʺÿɾˡ
Դ˸Ļӹ󣬻ʺԽøĵʵڲةʱдҲʲôֽиĸдһֹҵ޵
ʺ֮ĵĻҲҲ̫̫ܲļֽͣһĵƳ磬ڹв
գλʺ밲ʺ԰˶ϱīһһЦ˵˸дӱЩĻӳʱڳżϷһۿ
ǹһԵ̫ʵ̫Т˳ˣﵱø
ǹ⻰Ҳȫڹά̬
⹬ﲻȱԲȱТ˳಻ʣھ񡣸ΪʺΨһĵ׶ϱദܽлʺͷ̹һú˷ܣڹТ˳
ǹһͬʺһӪĵͻʺ⻰Щݡ
뵽ԼϱÿÿһǷǮ͸Ľʺ
Ҫôô˵˼Ҹǿأָܳ㽭ɽڼҲΪŮ̳ŮҲТѹͬΪةܹ࣬ѹôꡣ
ڶԻʺ飬Ľһֱǲ䲻ȵģǸֻ࣬ͨ˿
ֻúЩա
ո֪ӷã֪֪ȣû»鷿ͣ㣬һֱǳ
῾бҪĽһȽͣ˽ҷ޶ճҲýԼһЩ
῵ζԼܸɣҲУɪྴǲɶõһɾ¡
ֻΏл
ôһֱǸΏģ粻ᣬƫƫ⼸սӵƵƵ𣬺пڰʾʲô
ĺͳûʲôҲϤϸ˼һ£úп뷨һʹӣͻƣֹ῰ɵиƻ
֮£Ҳ̫ܰ˵ʲô㡣Ȼָ̫ӳ⣬ı̫ӸǺͰһЩҲֲһ¶̫ӵµ˺
գ῾ڳƽյ˸СԼĲã泩˲١
磬ʺֽϸϷĵǰȥۿ
¸̰Ի˶ӣøཻɽҲûҪæȸͷĹŸȥϷ
̫һţֻûЩڣԭԷţȴֻܶţԭԺȵ¶ԵСʳͬİ˲ƴڻ²һԱҲֻ΢Ц濴Ϸ
ôһڴѾõĿϷҲ˼ζ
ڸĵʴӣ῵ǿýζ
ʺһΪݼǡϷһɷݽԵʶٵ֪ǻʺĲӼճɾϷ롣
῵ڶջص鷿ԺвտϷƬΣǰʱڹϿΣÿݳɶͶ˳ȥŷݣĴʱֻһվžؿ
ͻȻͺ͸Ҳ֪Լ⡣
ῷԸȥȡһݵĹߺͲϣ׼Ͼ֮ķݳ
һ̫ӵ£ûʲô˷ŷݵģڸ̫ͷʵЩϳ
ͬʱҲϴС¼еùգ̫ΪȢ̫Եʣ˼άûдǰôԼֱԡɡܿܳΪһգ̫ӵǨŭ֮¡
ʶʱΪܣջǾ졣
ɴŮ빬ͻʺ밲
Сֵɰʱ򣬴ؽ̵ò²ʧãŸֶ׽ֻôͷϲС
ͷûʲôСϲȥҪС߹ȴͨʶʱ˷ݹ
ȻЩʱˣôСߣΪ̫Ҳ֪˴صزͨ˷ԼֶŮģѷ͸С
ŷƲƲ죺̫Ҿһĳ󡣡
ķݿɶԶء
Ľӹϸһ۵Ȼе󣬵ǳúд⣬ײ׵ġ
˵Ϊѵر˵ˣ괺ʱóŰɣ׿ɱ˸ҡ
ʱѸţѾϰһòͣȴȴߡ
Ȼоú֣ȻҪῺͰһЩͲֵܱ̫䵭
Ǹ˻ĵǲͨķݣѾ˵ŷݳ˵㣬ҵǾݳԸҲǵĳ󡣶ˣݾ˭͹ģôзģһͷһμ
üͷǿ֪Ǳ߸ģ˭֪ĶŪġ
񸮽Ҳ̫ЩǺŪ¶Ҳ֪ȫôġ
ޱءšһ˰ɣǰŰա
һ㶼ˡ
лҪ˵̫ӷճ1/1

34

, ʵùź, ͬʺĵҲ֪ῶ̫ദô, ǰة໹أҺῶûĹЩ, ֻܺ˵á
ҿӦû㲻˻һȥϷء˵ʺ˻ʵһۣ˼ῶôæ֪̫ϷԼ㶼ûҿϷˣ
ʵǸ´οϷʲôʱ򣿡
ʺ³ɣĶдϷԼ¸¾ųˡ
ʵ£̫ةְֽ̳Ĺ, дϷҲȻʮֲҲȥ
ʺ󣺡
ʵ۵ΪϷǵ뿴ةŮдϷ
ʲôԭ, ԸԼȥϷչǺ¡
ʺһ, Իʵ۵, ȥĸ, 歶Ļ¡歶ҲˣǸ׼ˣпˣ
ʵ۵Ҳ˵˵ءǰҺֽӵܸɸһ, ûԶӺǲ˳úãѧ, ͬ歶Ҳ൱ĸһԶףҲͬġ
ʺڻԶͻԶӶ˽⣬ִϣʺһ㲻̫λʵۣῸһЩǵͷӦת˴ȥῺ͸ģ̫ӷ򸾳չһ˵Ҫ̡
ԼʱĹ῱ŸĹʺһϱϲЦտдֽƿƵ͸ɫ㡣
ͬҲԻʺʮ飬еж˵׽ͺøУͬʺҲʮֻϲ
һԱ߹µվһϱûһֻԼλĬĬ¡
Ⱥ͸Ĺ󣬻ʺ£תͷ῵ҪΪõĻ¡㸸ʿ˻ԶӣҶ֪֮٣ֻϡǵǸƵģһŲ֪ʶ˼
˼Զ˻ҲǸʶʱģѧʲôҲȥ֮ҿǸõģӵܵĸߣƷҲǲ
⻳ԶǸˣɻ֮òǴ۶ﰮĽҲй̫ϾǸʶʱ֮ˣ׷Ϳ֪ʲôʲôֻжԹˣһҲŻкӹ
һĸüͷ
Լһ֮ǰһȥ鷿ˮ͵ģ̯ŵıʼдƬʲݵּһдţ⵹ԶԴ֡
ֱλԶЩ⣬Ȼڻʵۡʺ̫ӶڹףȷǶһ²һ¡
ɴô㣬ʺҲ谮мӣԼŮ飬ƴŻʺ̫ԹҲýд޵һǵ˼ȥ
ȻܰѸڼдʼҪ⵹͢س˵Ϻôһ룬ԻʺλԶӣҲͼһΣֻǿЩãί˹ĸٺúò顣
ῲؿ˸һۣʺǽϱĶãôһ˵ùĻôСĶΪǶһӦῶ⼸пվͽպͺúòһʱĸ˵˵Ҳĸİ
⻰˵ƭùʺȴЩƭΰͬһ·֮󣬸Ļרעţ̫ԼͻԶӵԨԴӦñһʲôɺðԲȥֲ漰
ʳĻͬȫͬ
ҵ࡭ô
ʵ
ģ
㶼̫ˣ໹ܲõȥ
ķԵشҿȻǼõġ
ĵ
ԼϱȻôǺõġ
 
ԭǰŰȥ黳Զӵ飬ȴû뵽ôһ龹Щ
ԶȻھв˵ҲʮֽԺãС檶ûУ֮ǰϼլһƼŮӣŮ˸ֶŮΪһһŮ
ԶӾ˼ҵǸǷ糾ֶŮƼǰҲڵصһѾͷԶӿϣΪҡ
ԶƼϼңõˮ©ŽԼҶһϸֵǮһЩһź¡
Ͼͷ˼ҵĹǲʲôȤӵˡ
ʺΏ㱨֮ЩˣҲû뵽Ȼᷢ顣
ʺԸĸмֶ֮࣬ɷŮ㷢һԸĵĸм֮顣
ʮֶݣһضҤϴʵصټة࣬ݺݿ˸һֱ֮硣
ڻʺͻʵƲ£²Щѡ
һ£˶ԸĺЩò˵̫ȻԶҽҵõˮ©ͬһԾˣѶмһ֪̫ӵڣȹˮ֮С
ͻȻ˶̫һƬڹŵȳ㣬ԶϼҰҵ鶼ָơ
ճʱԶСŮݰݡ
ģ
ͻȻоԼѧĵ·Ϸչˡ
̫Ĺ¼ڹ﹬ԽԽ㣬ͷ̫ҲоηĪΪȨķˣ̫ĸףȻҲв˹С
ͷôһ֣ĪͻȻòŮԽ˼и취һ档
ȻҲŮڷȻһٸԸ⡣
ڶ糯󣬸ȥ˻ʵۣ˺ͷòŮʮϣܹһŮ
ʵһڼǸʴȵľȻҪڿҿΪܾϹʮֺϺССҪ
ʵ۵Ҫ˴԰һ磬ة򸾺̫ӷһȥﾰ˳һøţةͷ̫ͬúɡ
ῳʱҪæ˵˻һЩ
ʺŸĵִ˴԰ʱĪѾˡʺĪ˵ûмˣǵشչȥ
ŮҲ¶˻ĵЦݣĸĵļ򣬶Ů²˼ƵģڼϢסˣɫãǸŮҲûһˣȥ԰ͷ䡣
ֻŮѻʵһԡ
ʵҲգЦеؿة̫ȥ԰ɢ;ֻԼһة࿪ĵ飬ةദӾġ
ߵʵۿĵطŮʵô֪Զģ
֪ô꾡
ԵⶼǵĹ͡
һ£Ҵ֪飬ôͻҵĹͣ
ĵҴǰȥ鷿͵ʱּдţҪ⵹ԶԴơ
ԶҲϺүĶӣ⻰˵˻Զ⣬ԲܴΪͻƿڰ⵹Զô
ֻǸЩ󶮣ԶӲʲô鷸Ƶǰƣͷ˲ҺŮôܳΪ⵹ԶĹؼأ
ЩЦã⻳ԶһӣԭſϧӵصһЩ¶ˣӳ飬ԼùЩʱܳû̽ٶ䲻⽫⵹ѰʱЩ
ϾǺ¶β͵ʱǴʱϺꡣ
ģ
Ǵ˵е˰ɣ

35

ڵ, ᵽͷһ, ֹǱ˾˳, ʻʵҪҪģٽһƹ㡣
ⶫ, ʵǰȵȥɽׯʱҲܾ̫󣬳ɱҲߣƵһζŵһˡǶʵ۶Ȥ󣬾ûǹǵĻڸǿ׶һЩ
⻰ʽܸȤӹͷ˸һЩϸڣҲĵظ´˵һ¡
̸ԼͷׯﻹŪ˰г, ̫ӵ뷨̫档
صǴŸġ
ȥׯͷһ北ܴĳȥɢģ̫Ȼ˵, ֱп, ʱȻ̫ȥ
˴԰, ȻȥѸ, жλȡ˼蹴Ի
첽˽Ÿı̫ĳ淲, Ҫ̫ҽ
üö˶˵ģôͻȻˣ
ֵ˽飺ǳ淼˲ٻ飬ֻǼĲ
Щʲô£
ֵ淵ĸ׸Ĵ˵ԼҴŮ̫, ƾϵ̵ٺôϼĶĻ¸ŵ˰һЩ顣淵ĸ򵽴طӵģ˲ٽв˵ҵ̫ҽԺͷϡ
ľȵ۾£
ǰ̾һվǳ¼μҲϣ⳼͌mǿЦʺ֪Щʮŭ̫˾˳´ˣѰȥѵ˳淡
¼ЩȷЩ׵深ϾǸĵֱϵֵ̫ÿγʲôⶼ˹ͷϡ
룬㻹˶ȥ̫ҽɣúһ£ķſһЩոȥһ⣬Ҳü˵ŶעִҲһЩ
Ӧ뿪󣬸תͷԼֵ¶ҵûô˵ոճģ
ֵϾͷ飬ūҲǷʱոմ֪ԼܴãǶûŽ̫񡣡
ǰʱͷЩԣֶżʵͷЩ˵ʲô
ֵͷ˶˵淸ײףŮҲòȥʴӱһ֪Щ˲عأǽҡ
ģ
⹬˹ȻܰԲ
Ϊ뵽ҪԼׯ棬˷ܵЩû˯áûԽǰǸĸǲӾ٣ݼʱȥǹеѵ֮һֱɼ
ԼŸȥ˸ָׯӣ˵֮ʱѾˡ
ͬŮŮкרҵļԱǽ掠ԭ÷
ʦϺ󣬸ĶԾԾԣ־ͰȫʹעŮϸϸһ
ῼһ档
ӡУһǿƵġġ˵һģƽͬһҲǵ㵽Ϊֹø˶໰ȴΪС¶Ů˵á
ҲЩĸĵİȫ⣬ȴȻԸŮ⣬ԸȥгԣɼŮĺͳ谮
ȵ˸ʱԱһֱСģȴŵŮʼһԿŸģ뿪벽
ῼǹ˻ƫǹаġ
ΰ
ԭԹ֮󣬰Ÿĵֺúýһ̣Ҳò˻ģȴû뵽̫ȻԼ׼
= =
һ춼Լĸףİعʱغã̲סС
ݵķ֮һʱæµ˾¹Ϳʼ׼ȵۼɳ顣
ڽһλҲǰĽ˼Ĳٹء
ȵۼɳգĻطžȥУٺʹ̫󡢻ʺһȥݡ
֮ʣһСɵɫ諒˸ġ
һѾص̶ֳ𣿲μӸ͢ͻҪˡ
ļĽ͵ǰȵλʱѡڻݵۼɳչὫ췴峿ܾЩȣϣҲùԼһЩ
ľ̫ӵЩ죬ڳúȺڵеλִӺʹӸûǸû¡
ȻῸоãΪ˷δȻĻȻ῵飬֧Сɵɫ沈䡣
Ȱվ˸̫ڵһ۾Ϳվڻʺߵĸġ
̫Ҳ˵˸֮ǰƻԶӲΪһ£Ҳ̫ϥ³ģŮĻҲһֱϡ
˸ִ£̫ҲǴмģϱҲԽϲʱţȻ̲סԿ䣬ΧһƬĽ۹⡣
֣ùÿ첽ǰ̫˼䣬̫üͷ˲
Ǳ߹µ̫˵ȵʱ򱻴乬ɹҹ֪ʲô̼ҹ˳ֱȻûҵ
ϾֻһССһ˵صСˣȻʲôˡ̫ƽض֣ùõȵۼɳҪùȥѰɡ
һȺ˺ƺƵȥ̫ǰʺ󡢸ĵ˽
̫̤ϱ̨ףۿžҪʱ򣬷֮ͻȻһػɫȹͷɢŮվּ𼸿˶Ƭֱ̫ͷȥ
̫ԵĴŮ׷ǰӰ̫סµƬ
̫Ǽӽݶ˴£ɹʰƬƬ̫һͶŮֲۼһ鲻СƬҪ̫Ķͷ
һ֮Ƭڰյɢ
ʺŸĵ֣ǹ˵ǰٲҲ֡
ģ
鼱̫֮ΧȴҲû뵽Լô׼
ڹŴʳǶִִͻͻȻͳǹеӦûᱻֲץ
==
ʵºĬ˰ΣսöҪھӵƹ掠뷨
˵˴ҲŵòᣬѸһѳϣȥĻúõһ
ıҲЩˣ῿ĺӲüͷôôСģֻ۲ۣ
ҧ´ҡҡͷ۵ûۣǸоЩյûš±ˣõҩĨĨվûˣСʱ⿴ضˡ
´ָԼģϸؿ˿ȷûºЩε㵹ҲͣԼܸԼˡȻ̫ҽʲô֢״źá
˵ţİ˽̫̫빬ʺ˳̽һ̫̫Ҫ
̧ͷһۣҲԼĸŮģȻسƽˣԼնעһЩɱ˲źá
ĪϽ޵ϸϸŮһɫ󣬾Ҳãûȱ첲ȵģڷ
˱飬ŵøʲôƵģҪҵӽ
Щ˼ЦЦϹģûµġ
ĪŮֱû¾ͺãҸúõлء
ĺΪΣ
Īϵ量̫ԵʣܴͦģҲͬھƹ梁率˵ˣĴ£ڸǿǴĵģڶཫʿǺúлл㡣
ģǴˡ

36

Եɺ֮, ľ˴, ά̫ȫں, ֵͬʱź˼֡
Ѯ, ҹذϳϴʹŽʵۣ빬ǰȥ˸ʼ
׻˵ֲЦˣοҹΪͬ߹ϵʮֲҲڹ顣
Цеڼͷдذϳϡ
ذϳϺǲԼˣСƳԻϵر졣
ذϳϻةҵСŮΪŪ˲ſة൱Ů, вҲ
ôˣп˼ˣ
įѾˡ
Ů飬ذϳϹ޵ÿܺܲôΪһһ, ܼʱֹͣ, ׷ȥ, ة¡
ةฮЩȴ, ذϳϵڶ빬ʱЩ䣬ͷҲЩʹȥǬ幬ʵۺ, ˴̫ϷѸȥѺô˵ģԶԶؽһش˸к
ذϳӡ, ̫һ˵ģ̫Ҳһ
ذϳϲûнԷ̬ȣغ˼䣬ͬĵ¿֪ǧѾɻ𣿡
ţ֪
ذϳѹص˵޵òô𣿡
źǳ飬Ҳ˵
û˵ɫԺ
ذϳȫûע⵽ĲԣȫԼİСҴǰһֱΪةȨ£ܣǸͷа취ˣû뵽ϻܼ顣
ֻ̫ɫԽԽϵ亹ҲԽԽ̲࣬סԼҵ½Χʼҹڽ¼ǵ£Ǵ̫ܵ
ذϳҲͬһ㸲һ亹ð»Լء
ˡ
ذϳ뾩˴дĺϢ㱨
ʵԽˣذϳھжգ¹Ҫȥ˴԰䣬˳̫ӷ򸾵һȥ
ӷҲУڴİ͵ͬ֡ȫԵ
һֱӪһ£ԼǰҸ¡˭֪漰һʵ۲̫ӡ
ͬûа㽻̫ӣô˵Ƕֵܣ鲻ôãôҲ˵ϻġ
˵ҲɣӲڵסǻʱ䣬ֵܡ
ӶЦãܣæǱŪ̳ϺõҶ࣬ÿʱǵù
˵ڣǼ鼴
ῺӦһδӲ硣
֪ӣô䲻ģȻᣬԼڱϾȻЦļ䣬һգźÿڰ¶
ҿǵҹذϳϵǸģҲһ֮һļӶûУʮֵƽ׽ˡذϳҲǸʵԸ뵱˸ҵĹȻֱȡֶǶ֪˭Ҳû뵽ذϳô󵨣СŮǳ˵ȢȢôͷ
˵еظо̫ӵЩԡ
һʱˣȻĵ׶Ļ˳˵˳ȫ̫ӸոȢ˼ҸĹŮš
뵽Ҳ̫ӸԼıʲôˣֻҪ῱⻰Ǻõˡ
Ѹٿ˿ϵͷ첻ܻԼҵأ˹
ԶŲӴ˸硣
Ѿ⼸ĵڶˡ
Щĵ¿ǲˣʵһЩҪӲźá
ӳ˳:û£Եʰɡ
ذϳϵĵʳṩ˲ʱ»⣬ķȻ
ӣȭĴż򣬶Լҹпҹ˵ҪȢأûãͼ빬г̫컯Ūˡ
˵ӣԸգգ۾õҹ̫ӵĸһЩ
̲ס廰ͬҹȣȻ̫ӵ¸һЩѡֻ޹ӡ
ӣ̲ס˺һۣ֪
һᶨﶨȻôġ
Щεҡҡͷߵһˣ˵Щûõʲôչ黹Ҫúùȥġ
˵ţͷ죬İ˸һɱĨ
ڿ῵һ̣˲ЩΡ֪˶٣ı鶨Щʲô
۾һ۴⣺ǲ
ΰ
ͻȻذϳЩֲϡ
==
԰ûлʳôأչһЩ
³ߣ˴ŮԼ˹ˣźֺŮվڲԶ˵
߹ȥӶСʵڸ
۾Զء
ôСʲô£
̲סСԴʲô£ܸܲĸ˵һ˵
ڷĸĸ֮顣üͷСȻ˵ĸϲĸңĸ˵ĸҵĸܴ󡣿ҾҵĹ۲죬ĸĸ׸ûжҺͶԸôõɫĸϲĸڷء
ͻȻҲЩ꣬
ӵ˼жϸģԼҲ˺ӣ̫㲻䲻ȵģһ֮仹պĺֻ᲻ΪЩأ
֮ʣͻȻػһ
ʼá
ûƺˡתͷذϳ¶Ű˿ŴԼЦʮֲá
Ķذϳϵ˵ͷá
ذϳϻ˻֣ôЩʲôǰȥȾʱҿʵڵúܣ͸ԼҺһء
ĺذϳӣͲӣԼ׶ӺŮֻһôһҹжأذϳǲǶԸʲô⣿
ذϳͷϣҲЩĸ̫ˮֻǺӦһȻǺá
ذϳϿ԰˶˹˸пǾǵ԰Ӻã⾰ɫҰˮҲγͷһ
ذϳ⻰ľЩˡ
ذϳڵĵҹںɹŶش˵ǿԶһѺֻ֣Ƕˮһ¶вó
ذϳ˵ɣȴǲŵġ
ذϳҲע⵽˸ĵ飬ż͵ôܲأֵܼУεõġ
ذϳϻδ䣬ͼһԴе˺С
ľһͼذϳһȥ

Ľ͵סδĴ龭󣬱ŮԸлл
ĳϿҽ͵һжǵҹذϳϵĹͣҿɲҾӹ
ŸĵֵĶǧô˵ǰͰĽ㣬һΪߣԸºͷ˵ġ
Ҫ˼һþôºôΣյ飿Ϊڰ¹ǰֵġ
ģ
ʵֻ֤ԼǺѼӶѡ
ȻϾģ˴˵龭󣬲ҲԸĴĵмŶԻʺҲһЩ
ô̶һµʱڣͻȻԼֵһµľ磬ةƺϲࡣ


37

˶Ժ, 
ůȼ˵, ʵ۴ųͷ, Լ̫Ƶ̫ƽĺһ, ʢ£ܶΪźҲʮһˣ⼸һ·;Щġ
ϷȱůһЩ޾ѮѲӽһ飬Ա飬ȥ, ûˣչҪ༸¡
῵ͷŲյڹˮ¸ĲҶûнӻ
곯еɷͽƶиĸ, Щ, ʵڲǾѲĺʱ
΢΢һЦ:⳯·, 벻ǸʶԽʡзĲ, Ҵ̫游һˡ
ʵ⻰˲ʱס
ǰ̫ӶѲһȤôȢϱ֮仯֮
Ϊ֮ǰû뵽̫ӻַӦԻʵͻȻ֮ͱҭס, ûܼʱ
ῼȻҲûǶˣΪʷǱǶ֮, ʲضԡ
̫뿪󣬻ʵòŻ
ίĻʵдҲ飬һ֥ԲȥȰ̫״
ɽջʺҲڣ̫ѡӣʵ۹æӭ˽
ʵί̫ҪԼȥѲĻһ˵ԭ̫ΪԼֹȴ˼ῶ⼸ʵ̫ˣǸúúЪЪˣ̫ȥɢɢҲͦõģ˵СԴɻûŹ䣬ᵹҲ
ʺҲһԸ˵ĸ⻰ῶ⼸ҲΪ˴ܵĽɽľܹһ£ȥϱ߿ȷǺ¡
ڼеòֺ֧ůתͷȥة߿ࡣ
֪ԼŮδë½ϣٲҪˮ·ȥġ
뵽ԼҹҪôһ·ЩģǶ۾ŻϽأַϳ¶̫࣬ȱһɵġ̫һھ̫ҲһҪʱ̫ӽ˵һ˵Ұñ߹ģ̫ӻ˽Ŀԡ
Ÿ῵˽⣬̫ӵҲرȥѲֱֻӷʵ۵ҪԻ˸ʽ˻ʵһ
Ȳ̫£ҲлʵѲ˶ھУҲҸƽ⣬̫Ӳ᲻Ӧġ
ʵ˲͸жˣϹȻֻаΪ롣
= =
һת۾µףϾꡣ
ʱ䶼ڳﱸйصˡ
ոĴ밲һ·߽УͻȻоЩİɶ˼һ䡣
ֵ̫ӵѾ¹λ²̫徻ԭҲλЩģǲԸҲ֮顣
ġŶһϾҪˣһӦĶȥ̿ϡޱҲҪܹźãɱڳʲô
ֵֻ̫ܷģǱͨأʲô⡣Ȼ̫ӲλϾ̫淣һӦӦӲȱ׼Ǳڼø̹Щ
ȷе˵Ļȼ̹ࡣھͱȳ淹̹
һǾͺáҲ빬һ꣬ܶ鶼󶮣Щչ黹ˡҲٵˣ¾ɣҲϲ
Ǹáº͵Ц̫Ҳ˰ɣʱҪЪģū͸ʰ̣˯ɡ
źЪϢִ޵˳˹̫¯֡
飬̫Ը̫ҲӼָ֣˽̫֮£ֻĬĬ˵˼ֺͷ
̫ߵĹ֣ڶñȼѷһЩȻúܺá
ȴȻͷ㣬˳̫Ǵ֣˳̫ߵĵһΣڵ˶߷һǽһͷ
ǲˣ̫ӾͲλεˡϣƺǸ۵ģ֪̫ôʱȥѾͷ㽻á
̫նס鷿ǼȲ̫ദҲ̫׽ةࡣ
̫һֱûкӣһͬһϡȻ̫ߵĴ֣ȥ·
롣
ϦգĸİһҶƣ̫ǰͷʵȺ
˲پƣֱϾŵҲŻضһ͵ѩǶ
ĿῺһ¡
һֱ˯鷿ȫûаļ󣬼߹ҹҲֵС
ˣɩɩҲһ˫ŮΣ⼸СӶճȹɣֿɰǶһЩĶ
ǰգҲƽʱʹ̫ҽ̫ҽ˵ãҲʮ꣬ҪӲȫȫ⡣
ģиȷҲǲǶ῵ĵڲƴǰǰų⡣
῵ƻǷжһ
ǽкӣ˭Ӧúܺÿɡ
ԡϴЪ˸ĵԣ̫û˯һ䣬ֻýŵûЩӲ
֪˶ã῵ĺĻ̲סתͷ˶ԷһۣȴѾ˯
Ķزῲٴ
ʵ̫˷Ѹ顣
ʱæµģҪǰͬʵһ볼ҲҪȥŻʺͿǡ
գÿʵصؾٰᣬ뾩Ҽλ
ϯ䣬Ӿ˸һ򽻺õļʵ۾ƣԴµǻ󣬳˳̩񰲣ɼʥ͵¡λӶѳɼҵͷҲָˡֻһ̫ʮȴϥȻûиһŮʵľĲѡ
̫ӵһ׺ͳעĶ󣬼䣬ҵб˲˽
ֻǻʵ۵õܣֻЩھ˸Ĳ£ûлȥءȻͬҺʹӽãŴһ¶̫ӷѵҲ֮С
һ̫ӽΧֻˣ̫æ£ձкϢҲδ̫ļһЩģ̫񼸸׵ȥҲԵĹֶ
ǲͼˡ῵ڣס˵Ȣ׺󲢲̫ӣһԵǡ
𣿡̲סʵôû˵ʱ˻ڲʺǰɣ
һ⣬ٶȳԵǵõͬɻҲһʱδãڸв˲׼ءܽᷢչչЩĺӸǴЩʴ˾ǼСλʥҲǵȻʶʮŽģɼԲ顣
Ȼ˶Ϊ⻰ûʲô˭ҷһ
˵ʵۺ಻ڳлͲٻˣؼȥֺȥɡ
ʵ⻰ص˵ͷ˵ˣҲܷˡ
⻰һͺеӡպ̫Ӻ̫ٸС游游׵˲š
̫ӼλٰСΪ̫ӣȥǴܵĽɽҲ˶ȹ̷ǳ
ʺҲ˵һͷ
Щؿ⼸λһۣȻ˾ǲѰ·ô˵ͨġ


38

Ƣ, , ѧʵ, ںԺһֱòҺһ򽻺ã˾㿴ŸʼҲ༸档
Ҳ⡣
Ժλͬ, һֱҪ˵ýü޸ޣȴһ⵽ҾܾˣͷЩޡ
ຫһֱ´ѹһݺ޺ϸͨʳǻܡ
ţޱְͣҲ˴
Ҳ·ڶ֪˴£صع鷿Ҹ顣
ȸһ֪, Ϊ¶ģԿοôһֱסǼͬһ𳤴, ǰҲִֶ, ͸ԼҺһ鲻ǳ, , Ȼǲܲܵġ
Ǿͺáһĸ׿֪飿Ҳĸ֪˴£бصңҪĸ׹ȥһ, Ҳĸķſźá
ĸ׻֪£Ŵ˸ȥ˶ˣ֮ͬϸ˵
, Ŀ״ֳҵĺӣ̾ɰİȡƵĸӣٰѶŵ۽
Ѿͷȥһ㽫߶ȡ
Ī϶ŮЦ޵⹬ҲɵúܣѰż˾¡ͷҲд˵̫ӵ¸ֺ֣ǶأİڼϴĴĶǼõģɼ̫Ǵ۶ϧġ
˵ĪѹͷЩۼҺõ˶ȥˣɱͷЩỰ̫ƣʱͬˡ
룬͹۵´ҵȷ
ϲУȴһǸģŻǿԼҵϡ
Īϵ˵ͷȻ̫ͬӵ֮û̫⣬ӦЩҪӡת궼ʮˣôʱ綼һءϺͻʺȻϲ˵ҲŻʳҺͳ֮ô˶̫أʱҲøʼЩ˿ˡ
һ̾ţ֪
۽ЩֱۣҪ˯ԷΪһЩĵӡ̲סӤʵСԲཱུģQ
ѾʼʫˣŶˡ¡ǻԲСкеСһһ䣬
ĿϲҲĪ˵ûЩʱҪˡ
ƽڣ῿Ŵµ౨üͷ
޴Сϥ£˵ڸʼģҪ˵ܴܹἸϢ֪ȴǲŵġ
Ώ˴ѯȡ˲پʱ䲻֪͵˺ʱ
һźСظЩˮ
֪̫һֱ̫֮Ľᣬ֪̫Ӵ˷ްˣҪ׼һޣô˵Ҳةˡ
̫ӵ¶ڴģĹ۲뻹ةһ飬޶ġ
ϵűεƻڸеľڣԸȥ
ԴϦ֮῱عЪϢֻһزûͬʲôǶĶ῵ĳֵҲϰΪ
ֻôһֱȥҲǰ취һֱôţʲôĻǲˡ
ȻҪӣչ黹ӦһЩġ
ԡص޵ѾԡϴϣԾؿ顣
ĸԼ˹ľ˹ȥϵ¸һԣָڣȴԷס
ֻЩĺ
˵Ī˶ҲѾ֪֮¡һֱģҹȴʶδйҲΪֺİɣ
޾ôҪ
ɷ򣬶Ҳֻһ޵Ĺ߶ѡ
˦뿪ֻò֣˶֮䣬жЩŭ
ȻƺֻһˣڽҲṳ̂
ԭЩ˼⣬ϸǰ󾭹ڻعζ
Ȼ֮ǰȷЩִҹзȻ뿪ȴû
Ϊʲôλ̫ӵ½ͻȻԼô䵭׻Ϊ̫̫ó͹ϲ̫ߣĵ̫Щƽ
ܲϲӱԼǿ̫ࡣͺñڹ͢УʺʱȻʵ۶ҪͣʵȻǲ˵ģ˵Է֮ñӡ
뵽ĬĬ̾һ
û취ô㣬ôϲܸĶҪģ벻ע⵽ѡ


39

뿪˲, ῾ͺˡ
ĸڵǿ, ĳ˷ŭ, ǻϲĺڴ
Ϊ˭ͬãӦȰ˵
ͻȻԼЩʧߡ
ںںʹ⵱, ῶȹ˷ǳûЧʵ졣
峿ֵ˳ƽ˵̫⼸ڹе÷ţȥӢѰ档
ȻǴǸɵӣǴɩǲġ῵˵ͷҼ˸ţźܡ
ЦӦһ漴ʵ̫֮ͬʲôԣ̫⼸Щ˼ģһü, һ΢Ц֪Щʲô
һҲʮã¼ǵոʷҲ̫, ǲ̫ͬ˵Щʲô
˼˾˵̫Ҫӡ
һ£ûûģ
ֵŶ, еؾĻ, ûˡ
ͻȻͷ
ֻΪҪ, ްûйϵôΪƺʵЩ֡
ҹ, ĥĥָĶ̬ʮ֮䵭뵱лżָ߰, ֻͷۡ
չ黹ǵˣþЩ취Ǹźá
ڶ峿糯ҵ˻ʵۣ¥һãʵ̫æ˶̫ЩԼ̫ȥ¥Ͽǡ
ʵο̫ӵļ
ڿˣѧŷֺöϱˣʵͻȻԼѧ˹ײ˵οС
յ̫ӵ뻹ġԴӻʵ۽¥һֱ˵ⶰ¥ֹ£ȴԵһۣ̫ܽȥһҲǺ¡
ĴشӦˡ
¥Ĺ̨ûдʵϲ˱˯صıϡ
Ŀŵһס
ϯضĺ͹ƶͷĲǿգ῿ʼĿйǵ顣
ﲻбĻ޵ҪæԭЩͷöģΪ˲һЦǳһӲ顣
ûʵôʱ侫Щ飬ͷԣҲͷһνӴЩ飬ٻЩġ
ԣֻ÷·ǻص˸ʦεǸʱʮֿҼ尾
ԼȥӺ󣬸ڳŲסᵹһԡ
˯ˡ
ΰ
ôģôϲ
= =
ͨһ£ڲϵĳ˿֮£ῷ֣ԷҪңڳ蹡ˣһϸʼҺҡ
һźպ͵Ļ㱨Ҳһ
ǵܣǾǵ߸򵥣ܻܿὭɽ
ĥīֶЩȵ̫ʵ£˵ͨ£жܻģ
῵Ƴһۣġ
ѾǴܵȨ࣬ǻʵεˣѳһǴɣԱ˳ŵĲŻṴܣԭ
ῶ˶̽ձҵصһͷˡ
ûжۣҲڴֹǰῲҲиɵˣԳȥȥһ档
˵ͷ˼ܣ῱ϾҲǴͱʵ۱ϥͷµ̫ӣô꿴˳ڳǵİ֮ĶǣܶԷǽСģҲ¶˲ţԽῷʼĩԭί
ٵ뿪ʱ򣬶ԷͻȻ˼ϵĽ𵶺ݺݻῡ
ҲҺù죬ֻǱزࡣĵ滮ϣݣ֮λû׼Ҳˡ
鲻˵ˮʯڼЩüĿ῱Էһ£һ顣
Ȼ䲻ȵģһЩӡչù۶ȥи磬˸һȥ
̫Ӵ̫۶ɫЩá
ǲĶִˣ˸һô̫ӹԭûֶˣҲáˡպ󷽱¡Ƕɷٳʲô⣬̫Ӱ˵ϼ仰ҲŪ̫ѿ
̫չ鲻ȶһ˸Щ
ĻǲõŮϯơ
ԭΪŮ˭֪ȻȥбǱ̫ӡŸĵϱҲһΣ˴֮δ棬һЩɰͰ͵ķ֮Ȱ̫õ㶫
ĸλɩҲ졣
۶ҲȻʵ۴٣ϱʮ꣬ôһζŪøԼЩΣһٷõЩʳ֪ζ
ź󣬸׼ЩعżȥѰ⣬̫ͨһǰһع
ǰͷԺ۶Ϊдΰļλֺͱ㡣
ۼῶԼɫ毺õŮŮûа£۶˺ģʹ˸ɫ῵ľּ˼ζϡ
⿴̫ǶģɫԽԽ㼰ʱǰ˸裺£̫ЩˣҪлعֽūͬ˵һ
ҲЩˣ绹ҪæͲŹĸ͹øˡ
⡭ô߰۶ЦЩǿĸȥ
̫ǹǹ֮Ҫ͵ġ
۶̫ӵһֱǣƺƵϯ̫ӳš
῵ģŹͬһֵܶͣĵĬĬ̾һʼ˸Ǻð͸ݳŶô̡
ԭֻǾýȵþЩͷʲô󰭣ڿĵһ˲䣬һ˵š
˹һѽĴᱧһ·ϳ˸ţ
ֻһ˲תϵǿ̣Ҳļιײۡ
ῴǰʱϴʱġ
ĺܿ͸оῲԡ
ĺԽԽ٣̵Щ񻰣¾ͳϵ
£ڳϡ
ԵĶͷ֪ҾһΡ
̫ӵ׼ĳȻִƽȣϾ˶Ľͨ£ĸоڵǶҪˡ
ôѶȵƣóǰûзԼôá
ڣĿࡣ
˵̫̫ͬϵʮһôǿĺʹŲһ
̫һ̫۾ˣ񿴵ʲôڴѾõϡ䱦һ㣬Ƕ࿴һۣ
鿴˲٣ƽǮٵӵܣְԡ
գһҲ˵顣
Щţ̫ӷ򸾳ʱֵñȽϺͬͬ鲻ѣŴžͱζ
ոĳѰ˵ع;˳ȥԼҸϸ̳ϺõĻ
صؽסŮ˵ͷЩӵǼ飬ô¡
Ҳû뵽۶ϵ»ᴫ
صʱ϶˺üɫߣ³ɺ֮£üûٴῡ
ƺҲշЩ֣һֱСģ뾡˷ֺ
һµյľԸ͵Щƣͷ֮ϣͻȻŮһңܾͰѳֲס˰ɣ
ⲻϺı֣ӦΨһϺĽ˰ɣ

Ů˵õȷǻľˣԶԶûܽһԳֵ̫Ӱѳֲסĳ̶ȡ
ƽҸоͦõģû뵽ԼҹҲй֮޲
ѵνġ丸Ůô
⺢ӹȻġ


40

, İѹ, Ըĵ:ƽͨ˵, 糯֮Ϸһ¡
̧ʲô
Ͻ糯˴̲˱չ, ຫҲ˼ˡ
ץһѹŵΪΣ
˵үйءİ糯֮ϣ״үͨУϱǲŵġ׼һ֤ݣүû̫Ȼ˴֤֤, ֤ʵҲӴܣ֣ݺ, ࡣ
̲סץһѹ, ŵ:Ȼأ
İ:ָ̫֤, һֱûɿ, ˵һжԼΪԸСû취ֻ˵֮˹, а˼ǻˣͨвС, Ѿɴˣվͻнˡ
Ķˡ
û뵽̫ӻܸͦɵģĴ˽
ô˼棬˼ҾûЮ˽Ե±Թͦѵõġ
ฮڣҲŸ̾:Ȼ׼Ҳ֤ûѺЩ˵£ڣû̫ӣ½ˡ
Ҳ:µ׻ǸˣΪأ¹Ҳô곯еһƬ
ͷ:ǰҾ˵ü޸ġ
蹣ڲʱ治ô˵ġ
һߵ̫ӹҲף̰Ҳǳе顣
Ὸܵرζʱҹʱϻлܱͬʡλֿʼʵд£һæ͵ʱ
ܵ˷ݵĻζ῵һʱѾ˯ĸĻѡ
ѣˡ
˯죬ΪԼΣƾűӦôôͷܣ
ǿн𣬸ҵߡ
һֵҹİҲ⶯ѣŸĻ𼱻ǵ:ڲ˵ʱ̫ߡ
ͷǣŸ⣬һǿҵдű̼͵
æֻסģԼУСġ
ӽʵʵ῵ϣƺһӲŰѸ˳ȥ
ʺѪ˳Ķ¡ŵùǺɫԽ԰һ۵úܡ
Щ۵ʵ:㻹𣿡
΢˫Ŀҡҡͷ:û¡
һԺ:⣬ȷ̫Щգ㻹ʲôȥ̫ҽ
ε˵󲻴˵ССܵһ̶ȵ٣ƽȵֻЩͰڼ
ѵأһƽԿʼʹԼְһҲָɡ
῰ȥ˳ƽˣ̫ҽ˵󰭣ǿ˼ͷҲвˣչҪһʱ䡣
ҪɣҲʱһӦ֮Ų˳ƽ
ıİŽ̫ҽһȫ飬˵̫һаòŷ
İ̫ҽţЩʧ
ῳѣһ·ǣΣյһʱԼӵǰ棬ڸǶİ͹ġ
ô˵ûпһϲģ
ӣʳаŸĵⶼûùʳˣū澽ȥšŷǱ߻٣ֻȰ˵Ⱥζ̫ȴպЩɡ
Ĵʳиӿ˿ɫ:߰գȥ˶Ȱ̫ӵȥ
Ľ֮ʱῸո˯ѡ߹С˿ڴߣôҪҪõ㶫
ŸҩҲ̫û˵Ķأûˣ
ҡҡͷû¡
ῡšһ۾
µ̫ȣȴῶͷѾðһ㱡֪ȵĻ۵ġ
˾ôĬĵͷһ·ϵĴӣջ̲סʵΰǲҲһϲҰ
۾
һֱΪ֪ģ㲻ȫ֪Ҳܸ֪һЩۼ䲻ͻȻôȴͻȻе㲻֪ôشˡ
ΣʵҪΪ飬ܻĿΪҶһͣģ㵽ûĸΣ
˵ʣҲ˼ίͷ
һΪʲôˣ
üͻȻЩ֪¸ôӺ˵
һź̲סԵ̫λӸһ빬̫ǵģʹȥֻҪϡͽƽ̫Ӷһʱ֮ǰķݣغӣ魺˵ӡǶǵ¸ŽѧԺԼġ
ģֲ̫ˮ׼ǲβ룬ʱһЩ÷ǳз
Уҹӳ£ָү̫ӵҲǲ߲þа취ҳ£ͷٽġΪҳͷĿ̫ˣȥѺصʣΪ˻үһס
ȥĸһ뾩ƷҲв˿ȣžʹӣҲ̫翴ͷ˰ƽġҹӵ飬֪Щж಻ʡġ̫һĻ֪Щͷʹ죬̫Ҳͬ𡣡
ʮ빬ÿͽգ̫Ӷ᰾ظ׼ʱ빬ʱͬ˲ٹ˶Ѱƣ̫ӵ£ô׷Źʱة໹ʡȣҲЩСΪةԹɶ̫һֱţ
˵һĻŵģڹжǼ꣬ȷǹ˳˳ˮұأڹȴУԭ֮⣬Ŀǽ磬̫ӵµ
һֱôˣ˾޹Ůûеġ
˵̫ӻΪ
˵ǰͷЩоݣ⻰ƺôˣЩŵ֮ǰϲ֪˭һŮָ׻İɣ
̲סθΪ˾ĸ㸸ף̫ȥܶţѶո֮ʱԷͻȻ嵶±̫ӵ¾ʱ˵ģ
ˣ⡣῿˵òˣֱӳϵûˣ°ɡ
ԭֹǰԣ룬˵ݶˣҴţ֪ԼһЩ
ôٶ۵ȥֳʲô
뿪󣬵ٶȻع鵽εյС
Щ˼ʳתƻ⣺ڶ벻
ҡҡͷĴأ̵
ţһ£塭
ٶ˵Ǽġ
ʲôءЩεҾ뱧㡣
ջָСĵϴĻ
ĪСϲͷ̧һָգԭôϲҵİ
š
Ӻܾ֮ǰϲң
š
ԼٵָʵһԻȥ΢Ķһȴץס
ЩЦ
ȻῴӺܾúܾǰͿʼϲǾ˵һǳ۹ˡ
ҲȻ޷ܾһ۹ˡ
ô˵Ҳеϲˡ
лҪ˵Ƕͯѽף׷ĵĴ󱦱Ƕͯڿ֣С͸~

41

ͷ, Ώ, ͱô, ֻİޱȣһԺ˯˹ȥ
֪˯˶ú, ΏߵŲŲû˿ڰɣ
û¡
˯һʵ
ҹѣһֱû˯ʱЩ롣Ŀ˿ǻƻ裬ô˯ʱ
ͷ÷ţ£̫, ŷŹǿҪţ
Ӧա
İżֺ˽ںãȡһġ
Ǽ˴ġ
ʾ, ֵʶȤ뿪޵
Ĵ, ٵһ, һ顣
Ὼĸ˵ʲô
Ǳƽ˵һж, ҵС˵ѾӴ³͵Ҳһ˳, ҲҪΪ鵣ġ
šǾͺá
ͻȻ˼
ĻعһԼ˵Ļûʲô̫⣬Ψһǵ˵, ҲֻСޡˡ
ȻȷŤЩôĳԴӣͦɰġ
Ĵȡ̶ٺ࣬Ű״ԣˣιòã
ƵءߡһŸĵݹӣȻԹſ͡
= =
齫һڸϣүŷ˵ǻүӣүһ𡣡
ַµʵۿӵľ˸ɽʹ͵ؾУ
ʹԭЩ󰲷֣ڵطΪһ⽮ȥչ̫չ鲻һ¡
佫ϾҪֱӽӴȨģ׻ǾòЩͬʵö˱һְ
ڣ˸ԼɷֵոջؾһŴѵýпգȴҲЪЪҪǺεҿ˵ʴ˿ɲǸġ
͵̫ӼȻڴλϣϾͲ̫ܰãұ뾩к󣬻Ҫƺ⳯ͻ֮ĹϵڲõĽҲᱻͬҲԸͬг£õʱ򡣡
˵ţСѾˣǰͷ
ԵƬ̣͹ȥ
ƹѲ󣬻ڴת⣺󸮴֮ʱĻɽֻȥЩʧˡ֪̫ڶһаã
ݻ͵õ߱ǲõģ˵̫춼˯鷿̫һ£˹ϵôܺõ
ûκβСŮһЩãлֹġ
̫ӷһֱǴڹעĶͷ˵ʲôĶУԼжϣҲֻԼжϣ̫ӶԼҵ̶ڶһò
ͺǺһЦ̫үҲؾ˰ա
Ȼ
ʵɿڰѻ͵Ҽؾǰ϶飬¾ʵ벻ΪةҲҪġ
͵˵һͬЩԸҲվ²ס˵ѹþƱͬһүԸͬĳִ֣λκη᣿
Źֵؿ˻һۡ
ԼŮ֣ҪȥֱŮӵöŻ˾ߣ
ޱضƱһĳԸڵһϻֻ̫ԸЧһˣ⻰Ժ󲻱ͬĳ˵ˡ
ʹӡ֡ˡˡ
һھơ
ԭΪǸˣȴû뵽ִԲ
ΪһȨ࣬ʱվӡ¾ǻ֮ʱ̨֮ա
 
ΪҪɵԵʣľʱᵽ˳ƽС
ոոùţİʰӣŸĵͷλ淹ˣ˵̫밲
λѾôòͷˣô䲻ع˵Ҫ̫밲ʵƻ̫һ档
ϾǸովһλҪ밲ҲȻ
ԭΪһֱΪԸϲλʱﻹͦеö̫ӵµ˼Լؼ
Դ֪ΪԼŶ˼䵭ģĶλЩھΡ
῱ӱʵʵҵˣȻͷ޴󰭣ɵ׻˵òᣬ̫ҽ˵ҪԴ²źû
תͷʵλ淹ˣ¿Ҫ
῰ڴϿһ飬̵Ӧһ˶٣ֵҪҲˣҿɺã
ˣ̫ͻʺлʵκγ֮·̫ӵ⼸ڳƽҲȻֵС
ˣΪűʾԼô⼸ῼǴﵽӦĳ̶ȡ
Ҳˣ̵֪˵ӣһʲôӡ
û˵Ҳ˼ˣҴ򣬲ҴȵضԿ
İ˰֣ԴƽѾǺüˣǳȥա
ϻ㰲ȣһͶ̫밲۾ͷƺҪǽһ̫ӵ¡
Ϊ˵ֱ쵼ȴĽһЩػʺַԸֺעһһӦʳӣܽе˿˿Ӧ
ѵýƽȴȻûм̫ӵ£Ȼ뿪ȴ֮ͣŲ
Ŀһۣ添£
˻ʺ׼ĸ׵빬һ档ĸǰոոȥ˱ְǴӾ˸ҲڽƷ飬Ըĵͷ̫Ҫ֪ةСġ
ļλ֮Щ磬ῷӷʵôˣѵָ˲ʹ죿
ҡҡͷ˵ͻ˻ؾˣƺԵ򣬻⼸ԽƴǴӵľ˸ҡȷЩĵ
кЩεĺ󾱣ұѹôò÷ɸɾͽ游ԶȥݣǿһĿȻûܶ˸ࣿ
ľؿһۣ£ǴҲһֱݰӪկԺҪŻģô
ıϾǸŮŸ׺ֳôĿȾֻǲ²⣬Ҳ˸-Ųʮ
û
Ὸ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ľŵָץס῵ӣأ᲻Ϊ֮£վǱߣͬҲԵأ
ᡣ
ԴǼ·ͬʺﶼûҹǼ鷳룬ЩΪʲôأѵͬϵõô
Ϊҹ棬ŻøôǶԴҶõģͷ˼͸ס
˵Ѿ˸ģպΣΪ˸ģҲԲԸʼҲ顣
ԴҶô
룬Ҳ̫ӵ˼
ҵ궷˻ң⣬̫ڣڳ֮ɹԼҲЩ޼ɵŸԤϺ̫ӵľߣֻΪ˸Լз㡣
ʵͷˣֻǹ˼̫ӵӣֱӳ̫֡ǸϸĴһ˽ҲҵΪЩϡ
ܶЩʲô:ʵֱӷ䣬ڸ͢һµѶšʺײ̫Ӻͻʺ󣬲һϵвõЧӦ
̫Ϊ̫үֱӳױڸϲТñӡ
Ƿǡðλ⡣
ˣȻ̫Щġ
ǵ¿Ը֤ô
ֽܰд
῿һӣ̲סڶɾ˵׼ˣ˭֪պΣһһա
ϴرĲӣǰӡǩûʲô˵ģǩô๫ģôܲһأ
ῼҴûдֱ֤Ҳû飬ҪҲ̫Щ
Ĳǵ¾Ϊһɲ
ƫͷĴ
ִֵתͷףֻЭһ£Ұ־д㡣
תͷӡһ£ΪԽԽ
ǵԺ䣬ĳһ뷨ԭν߷ôġ


42

, ӶŲյ, նŹ:ĸ, ʡ
ÿüͷ΢΢𣺡ôͻȻȥǶ㸸ʲǽںԺǱߴУ, ô౥ʫѧʿ̸˵أ˵Ҳոս˺ԺǱ˴֮Ҳ໥Ӧһ£ѵ𣿡
ȭɶӲҪݶУ
ܷ㽨ڼҲһĻţڴһһ֮£¾Ͱĸ, ͬӺ̫һϸµͷ
ɹûⷽһѣⲻȥƴ, ̸ֵ·, ֶи㡣
ȥʡ, ĸһӦ뵽ĲǶǰ, ֻ뿪Ժ󣬼о˾շ
ȥһһûʲôϢ, ֻŰĸ֮ˣܽŵʲôؼλá
뿪ֿɫ, æڶԼȰ:ҪϽҲǺ£Ϊˮ
ǹ˰֣ȻûǸοҪȥķôȥҪ˵˵ʯġôΪǣҲãԹҲգչ֪ҵĺõġ
̫ҽС̫ӵԴ¡ȷȽϿţ῱Ͼֻ˵˸첲ͷֻƤˣʮµˣһºж硣
κ̫ͻʺ̫ӣȻ̫ҽ˵ڶһֱûϳҲûȥѸ
ֵ̫Уֻǿ˻ʵۣץةֳָ£ˮĲƷͽ˳ƽ̫ܾտ
һת۾͵ȻڻܳţȻֹʺҪΪ顣
ĳ̫ӳ棬Լɽˮͼ
鲻ˣȴΪѵ:ʺһͽϷǲҹȥӣվǲȥģҾǸǣȥ￴Ϸ
΢΢:˵Ұɡ
ŶҲá
ĿԵ
ͻȻЩ˵ʲôᵱ档
Ὸʹ˸ɫֻ⣬ЦųȰ:ǻʺ̫æտ£δȥǰТˣǹȥ￴Ϸĺá
ڴῡ
Ӧ:ȥա
𣿡۾Щˡ
š
Ĺɵȡ˼:ȿɣһͻ
῵ͷ:ãǵЩ
ԴӦõò񻰣Ժôͺˡ
⣬ӭӵͲ档
̫Ÿķܵ˸񣬡̫ԼϷģ˵һûλأʱҲǿ
治ɫ󣬲ֲýʣ֣ÿһʱǼˡ
ĬĬ˸۶
˶֪̫ǲ˵ģһ޹Ͱ淴򷢵ԶԶģ̫ӵµ涼üװûһء
ҲʮֲˬĸĶ񴺷⣬ͺǰͷ˵ԼΪֻһվźʵЩһ
ٴϸļ䣬̫ʺһƺƵ˹
ͣ˻ͷȶųʰ
̫һ۾ע⵽ǰͷĸģ⼸շ·ЩѴЩһ˫ڰƴСԽ
̫:úӣ⼸տ̫ʵˡ
ʺҲ̫²տῶָܻ֮죬ȢҲۼҺӵĸ
ʺÿÿ̫ǲסؿ䣬׻̫Т˳ĶϱζЦѡ
̫볡Ժ󣬴Ÿĵֵ:òˣ˵ЩȴҲÿˡ
ʵ:أɩɩôû
:̫λĸڣˣûн
ӱͲȴӺ̫ĿҶٶ˵ҲˣԼ뵽ںȻҲϲ
Һһ߰ػ˶һ·͵ӣ˿žﲻ̹
˵游࣬Ҷ֪ڲˣǸƷ٣˼̫ŮأûôļӣԸҲһЩ˭Ǻͺģһ㶼㽾ģ
λλڶ¥ļûһһݸߵļ֣̫˵ոһЩͷˣ̫Ӽѡ
˵գֽͨʳиϴ˿
⼸̫ԸǶСģ˵˶࣬õ٣µ˹˲ϣūŸ˵
ЦŴȤǵи̫Ȣ̫վ˲ͬǴֻԼԱﻹ˵ˣ
ڲԶĺˡ̫źĶĴܹܣ·͵Ķ̫⡣
̫ӶԸǹУһЩϸ֦ĩڵĵطõ̫ӷ򸾸ʮֲ˵Ĳ͡
һ綼ûôϷȥЩͷۡ
ٵʱڳĹϣ޺˵Ҿǿӣĸף
ܿϹȻҲϲ棬һֱЩ䲻ȵģѵø˵ϾĻ
˾񣺡޼̫ĺϾҪͷˡ
ô˵
ŹһҾҪ뾩ˣ̫ӵ÷һ𳤴ıҲҪˡҿǱϳǵģСóô̫࣬ӾʼŮʲôɫơ
ôЦô˵ҶλĵЩڴء


43

ӢԺ, Ϸ, жλ, 㰲ö֮ʱѾ, ˵Ǵˡ
Դҽ󣬴ͻȻһӵĻΧ԰ڣǰԺͷһĻſ԰ڻغԺͷ롣
Ŵ⡰µһͷֻĵúܡ
һϷõʱ򣬴һ, һĺһӾͱƻ
ֱ˻ҡ
˾ɵܲߥޣȴΪһ֮ǿθ, ȥȡԼλ, ⲻǰ
µ, ҲܹȺ, ҲҪΪԼŮˡ
= =
ڻҷĵڶһ峿͵ػ˾ǡ
ǰŴ, ֣̫үĳӺฮ·ꡣ
ܹܼ㷡
˵ۺ족̫ӵ, ̫ү̫ӵ棬ôһڴϴ쾩ɾеˣЩ˸ŵùʲôµľ𺦵̫ӵ
ฮҲŵؿԼү
˵үǸ׵ģͲס̫ү찡ҪĻǿʵڲճմȥ͵Ц
һߵܹܼҿʼᣬҳȰܺأϢĺãǻԶˮⲻʣͳ˵̫үŪֱӴؼͷȽϺá
ɳϵǣ̫үһӭȥŶԷ˹֣үŴӹɼΪ⽭ɽæµʵࡣ
һ񣺡࣬Ϊ˽ɽգΪ˻ϣĳÿࡣ֣Ϊô꣬һ·۳Ͷ٣ۣҪӲǡ
̫үѵϣ꼴Ե֡һ꣬ϷһֱͬģνղײգһȥöپƲ˿ɺã
֣ĳѣˬӦһָ¥Σ
̫үƣȻǺá
ؽ˾¥ܹܼ
̫ү͸඼ʼ̷չˣ⾩ǵѵҪˣ
==
һٷǳ͹̫үСص˸ϡ
Ȼͷ˵ǰֻҪԼװɵᵱ飬;ڲᵱ֮¡
ⲻЩ˲Ĺʮ֮飬·˾Ƕ겻ľʱѣٶȼһԾ죬·ʲô鶼û
ԸʲôȻ̫ӰȵǻҸٻ˵ˣǰ£ҲãȨҲãΪĶ
һˡ
̫Ѿ˸Ů̫ǸļϵΨһŮиڣС»õż
ȫð
ȫ̫ӵλõģֻҪЩ˱̫Ⱦͺá
ɣ϶ҪԼಲúЩ˭ЩڼҺŪأ
ǻͣһִ֧λ뾩ԽĲ֣Ĵ£ģǾء
˵ˣ˼ҸҲףʵƣŮǼ̫ӵϱΪзҳȷӦö˼ҸʼҺһЩԵΪ˴ȴк
̫ү漴ѵԺ˭׼ͷ˵ʲôʲôľҪһӦ
˵ף̫ȫҵϣһҲΪ̫ӺãΪ̫ӵңԲΪ̫̫๱ףܸ̫Ϻȡ
ȻҪһ㣬ܱͱȥʱʱظҺʹҵ鷳͸ˡ
̫ү˵⻰ҲӶ̬õӦŵԼϥµĺӣִ̫үľϺҪ
==
ڣŻʺӯӯ°ݣݼĸ
ʺ΢΢ü
⺢Ӹոʱĸõó裬˵ԼεԼҴȡˡ
лʺ˵˭ҺúõŮнֵģ
޸֮ûԼأ紵ĶĶЩ𡱡족񡱵ЩúЩ
ֿ絹ļƣһ¶վǰһѣ⼸˵˲٣ҲˣǸעرǡ
Ҵ̫̫ȻҲֻ˼ֻεЦӦǹݳ˲ٿأؾٺһһЩ
ɩ⻰󣬻ʺԾüͷ
˵ݴ⼸꣬Զ˾ȨģұϾ̫ӵң̫үְڣĶǷڵظǸ·ŰͽĶ
˵ɱھʱ֣û˾й涨Թٵ̫үͬһƥֵҰʵʵڹ˼̹ӡ
ڲϢƣʵҪѸ׵ؾʱ̫үЩϴԸ⣬չ黹Ǿ߻ʵԶøЩ
ҵĹ˵ҼͳǳŮǵһĳţôܻΪӪݳģ
Һ͡óԲϷѹͲմߣ뻹Լ⡣
ʺܲϲӭ˵ɣ֮ϲͷһЩഺãһʮֽϲ
̫̫Ҳ˻ʺɫĲԣֻڨڨҲǷ˼үУǴ⼸һֱͷչ鲻Ⱦйǹش󷽡үʺߵ̵ֽＸأҲѧѧü۸ߵͣҸ˼Ҽ޳ȥ
˵Ҫһʺ̵ֽʵڹסһʱգԼŮƶƽ𡣱ϾЩһֱͷھУٻŮӰ죬ڽ϶Ⱦйơ
ʺôҲûʲôô˵ҲǴŮֶŮվӦ
==
ԴῴŸ뿪۶ͶûͳһЩڻ
˶˲޵ֵģ˵ǾҲһֻҪǸ￴۾ֱ
۶˵ãھգϢ̫ӵڳ糯֮ϣ־Ѿ󰲡
۶۾һ
Ϊ̫ӿ˹ȥٺʲˡ
ڶգ˱㱻۶͵˶ߡ
ʽϰˣڳƽչˡôõĸȻҪŷŷģʺ˴һҶƺ󣬸Ļعͼˡ
һ˪һ˵۶Ϊ̫ӿǧѡ͸̫ӵġ
ΏصʱŮýζһʲ֪ǸᰮƤҼǲʡĵĹùġ
ץŸĻ޵:Ҿǲ˸ùͻȥ
𣿡͸һЩʧ䡣
:Ѳ㻹ϲǣ
ĵ˵ͷ:ǰλʵʵ˶˭ϲİɣ
ҪôŴȨǮӾϲأСһǲһһרҵġ
üۣ̬ǣС˵ǷҲΪ
῵üͬ
Һÿ𣿡
Ϊմӳ»·ƫʽһЩͷóڸ߸һϮɫԽԭԭǷƽ˼ɫĽ˫Ưò񻰵۾ôרעؿֻ©һġ
ʵҲǼÿģһ䡰ˡҲΪ


44

ڹʱϵͺܲ, ֪뾩, к, ˵Լȥҿպѡ
˵̫ӹ֮£ҲԼС, Ҫɫ:ȥɣǶղˣǸúú档Ҳ׼˳·ҸҼλ̫̫ȥ̸ͬͶҲʹá
ִȥҴ̫̫Ǳ߼ȥԺѰ
һ·֮, 濴Ѿͷڽæʰʲôɺ淢ʵҿͷʰѺҪȥ
ɬʺȥСס, æҶ˵, ʲôöûУҪǴôණִ, ҵ, ˵Ƕ׼ЭһЩ˹ҲڷѡڼҲЩֻȥˡ
浱ȡ̫λõ, Ҳ֪һֱ̫ӱ磬ԼδóԸȴס̫ͬʱʱ档
Ƕ⻰Щ, ȴǿŵӴҿҪϲˣ빬ʺסһӣ˶βĸ
һЦǰվǹĸҡ
͵׽˵¼ҷ£λǱסˣⶫλúܿܿȱһ˶ԣȻԼֶŮ̫ӵ¸÷һͬҲȻġ
̾һһôˣʱףͰ˰ա
:񸮵˵̫̫ͬϵãӸճɻǸͶһ˰ȥ鷿̫ͬ⵽̫ӵԼĸˣһ뵽ΪвãŻǰųģɫ˵ˣĵڣʼŮʲôģ̫ӵôŮأ
ǰʼһദġ۾ˣֻǿ̫Ӹ磬Ȣһ̫
˵̫ӵ»ȥءЦЦɲܾô÷ı粻ˡ
Ϊ˻ʺڣ뿪ĵڶվͱ͵˹С
ǰﲢסǻʺߵĵɽ֡
ȻʺߵֶԣźʺһЩԭԸǿҲӲ١
Ŵͷӵ۾֪￴ͨСЩͷߡ
ǻʺֳҵֶŮĿˣҲ˵ʲôֻϸϸһڵĹƶȣʹȼû²Ҫ߶ʲô鶼ʱ
ͷһһӦ漴һ뷨:֣뾩û½ŵ̫⼸ձɩʱȥ밲
룬̫ӵµӸոտ̫һֱ²չ̫ҲЩۣûپ񡣹ģҲؼһʱ̫ʱȥʰá
ЦЩǿ:չ𣿱ɩͻء
޵:ǰ̫ҵĹʲôû˵ģҲ·̫󡢻ʺ͹ϲҲǿġ
ʺҲϲֻһںԽЩѡ
ô꿴ʶſУûٱ̫Ӹõˡ
ǵʱ򣬵ʥδǻλӶײУʺ̫ܵʲô⣬̫Сס
ʱСֻԶԶú㣬żܸ῱˵һ仰ãϼʱ䡣
ȻٴŶ˵̫̫ϲıϾ̫ýȢӣлʺ̫иΪܣͬȷЩѶȣҲ֪ʺ᲻Լ붫
ͽȻŸļ
ΪʲôôõһȨŮ˳׵ͣ˳˳ĳ̫
Ϊϰ࣬ǶٲҪŮ棬̫󡢻ʺȻͬʵۺλεĹȥԸڹиĳ
Լȥôܾ꣬˿ĸͱȴԼŲʣʲô̫ͬȣ
ͻȻãﵽԼδкܼѵ·Ҫߡ
==
ڣĴױ̨ĲʽǺȡСƿݸῡ
ʺŪ˲仰еȣżһ֪Ӳ׵ĸıȥ̫ҽԺζҩ
Ľҩöһ˵͵:Ҿȥ͵ĸһЩ˵Щӣĸһֱܹ㣬ʱʱҩ꺮ůȻӺһЩҲʱȥһ
һ¡
еŮˣǻץסƴТ˳ø¸ӡ
ȴԸѻøԼƫȥͷ
Ĺôʵ۶
ʵôԼȥ͸ĸҲýĸ󿴵ġ
ȻʺѾϲˣҲҪٽϲһЩ˵ˣôã˵ģʱȥȥ٣ԹȥҩһЩġ
Դ˵Ժ󣬸Ĵ￪ʼԸԼɷȻҲԸΪЩ㡣
ῸĶͷ³͸ȥ
==
̫ӵæҵݺ˲ˮŲ̺Ͳյ˳
ʺߵĴŮƿæ첽˹һȽӹ˵еĲյ:˲赹ˮͶūɡ
Ŀˣֲ½ѾߣЩ飿ԼϲЩź˵Ļƣôܽ˿أ
߹˵šݼ̫ӡȽȴۿžҪϡ
ʺ󶼾Щûۿˡ
ֶ֪Ů֪ĻΪĸѾͷһ̫Ӿ߲ˡ
ֱһȡСƿݸʺ󣺡Ķ˵ĸ⼸۲٣ص̫ҽԺԺ̫ҽҩ峿ңҸ
ʺ˲ж:׻ϱġ
ʱʱų㲻̰ɰѹ͸̫ӣֻΪˡ
ôôõĶϱ
ŻʺĶ̫͵ɫȻ
ʺٿĺһ£῵:ѾˣҳЩ㡣ұ˲Ȼȥȥȥҿ
ԭҲȥ濴ĸɻʲôҪҴͼ˾ˣҲöһ
ҲûʲôҪģúõģͷ£ٽͷ۱ǡ
ʺŶ࣬ߵ̫æ̫˵˼仰š
Ὸո߳ͷ׷
ЩһԼϣʶһ
ûк£
磬ϵмˣ׺ͷ⼸롭˵ӻȡһµոõңãź绻Ͽɺã
῵ͷһۣǵδɻʱ򣬴Ӹڲģһֱϡ
޷Ҿϲġ


45

, ʺȥͷͲҶֻص, лʵסÿɻϰߣ
ֵһֱ˵סù, źĹŮ˵Լһ˴ʱҲ͵͵Ĩ, ʲôԵȴҲ˵ūȴЩ֪ôźˡ
ֱӵҲɲôȥˣ֪ĻΪ﹬˶ίء˵ˣһֱ̫ӿ̫ӵ밲Ŀŵ׷˳ȥһǸعصģ˾ô룿᲻ҲõӡΪ˵Ľˡ
ʺ̾˿ҲյΪЩ׵һί, ȴҲ˵Щʲô⼸ѵÿŸ׺͸ǺһЩϣҪΪӰ쵽ῶҵĿɣʱͱῶͬ, ῶ¹, Ҳؽǰͷ
λֶӦ
ʺԳЦЦϾҲ±ĵһ, һ޳ȥ, ˼Сǲ֪Լˡ
ڶ¹糯῾ȥ֣
̫ү⾩ʱԹһ, ȴȢү϶ͷŮԭ游߶ԹĴ㡣
˭̫үͷںҲݹ, һ⼸ݾ͹ò֮ҲǺ棬Ц޵һ겻Ҳˡ˵⼸ڳаŻЩôҲûջģ˭̫ӲǺݾ䣿ЩǶ˵Ĺء
ɸ̧ˡǫ游꿴ԽӲˣҲĸǵĸ
һϹͷˣͷסţô̹ô̫үЦеۺӣһ۵ģ㶼ˣȡûǸҵĹҲΪˡ
ῶŲյָ΢һ£յϣȥ̫үĻ
˵Ĳ֮ǰȻûͬͬھǣʱʱҲһһʡǸΪ֮ˣеʶıԣȤţǳ飬̫ŮҲһ˵ġ
ΰ
˵ȷǸˣ
̫ү¶Ʒ˼飬̾˿֮ǸΪģвΪЩ޵Сͬԣ⣬һҪСĴӺͻͣǽ١游ʹˣﲻʲôæˣʲôģͬ
͵ˡչ鶼ǴˣŵҲΪǡ
⺢Ӷյôôأ
̫үΪǴˣԸӿܲƺһЩ£̫ӲҪӵЩҧһȥȵţѾ˾ǶŻˣԼҲǡ
ò˵游⼸ȷ˳
῵ͷӦж˵ӡҲЩĹۡ
==
̫ȥҿ棬Ҵȴ̫밲
̵ĺѹ󣬸ֽİ˻͵ġ
⸻ûʵӣٿһӹˣԼϼֵƵһͷ̾ɩǼõ˵˵Ľ˾Ǳɩˡ
ͻȻϤôֱ׵ؿ佱Щ˼˼Ҷ˵ġ
˵仰󣬸ĿɫãÿԼ˵̫ʵˣŴ˿ܲý
룬ʵҲܲϾлʺ̫ӵ¶㣬ʱʱǹ㣬ǰǳЩ࣬պ󶨵ġ
ȴǻʺͳչ̫࣬˲ңҲ˱ɩٲСʱͬǰˡ
ģ
˵ʺ̫Ӽǹԭ˵ʺ̫ǹˣΪҵŮϵڣҿڻʺ̫ӵҲܶ֡
˼ȴϣʺ̫ȫȫܰΪģôأ
ͻȻЩ֪λӦκŵҲ˸ü˵ͣʱлʺ͵°࿴˼ҡʱ޶ҲڣɲҸǿһЩ
ͻȻҲԸˣԸⳤþڻʺ̫ӱߡ
ĺǺǵôĹˣô㺢ӻ
˵˵ȷͦˬģܾ˳ô˵ȥ
ϾǹŴᣬŮӲóȥҪѰжʮٱļѲһҵҲǸ׵ģһһ£ؼͬĸ˵ɩģ˻ΪɩĲǹء
ȴ⻰ͻȻɩˣӼء
ڴʱ˽ؿԼұ硣
һ̫ӿɱΪɩɩ۸ɰСá
ģԩ
һξüͷôǣ
ͷĨ᣺û¡ҾǾñɩʵ̫ˣЩԲλ̲࣬סôõıɩߣ統Ǻøء
˵һͬô˵ʱ򣬶ԷͷοԿ϶˲
˭֪ȴûа·ƣĸĵļʾοתͷٶû£ҲﲻɩõĹ̫ˣҶúõأҲûʲô˵ɩϾҲǴ˸ԽģĪԷƱԺɩѧŵá
޵øˡ
ϾҪˣĶкҪҪһţ
ţʺһ粨Ȼ̫ͬӱһţǵջҡͷܾ
뿪Ӱһ£תͷԸһ̫ҽȥһˣ￴һͷ
һ·Ͷô飿ʵЩ񻰡
ģ
ͻȻЩΪʲôϲˡ
Ի·ĳЩطһģʮнд￴ͷ뷨ˣû뵽̫ӵ¸ʵˡ

46

歽Ůõ滨ֺܽظ, Ÿĵĸ˵ŷʦļΪʿ, ͰͶС˸, 򿪳ĸ˵ǰóԣ
سһܽظ⣺ǱȴǰԵĸһЩ, 壬Ǻóԡ
һĵĹ򣬴Ѿ¶ǣҭţֽİƵ̲ȡ
歳ŵĺ̲ԸİԵҸ絽ôұˣմص޵ƵġǰҸһ
죺Ҳ֪ǳէͷˮɣ

˵⻰Ϳʼ񣬸Ĳɺ£
Ժһ, βŵûУϹʡ
Ĵ, Ҳˡ
һ, 歹Ȼﲻס, Լ˹ɩɩ, ʵһ˵¶
Ҿ֪šһѣ˵գʲô£
ǡԴǻؾ, ҵĸɺ󣬾ȥ游ͷ档ȻǰϲңϣĸС, ڱ仯ͦģǰˣҲЦö˼ġ
Сµӣǽͬ˵ô򵥣ĵ˵ͷ˵
Ȼ歼˵ʵ֮ǰȥʱ˶˸ҵı֡ǰѵģ겻Ǻʹǰʱһء
ıFǶ˸ͷСӣǰҲ̫ӵİ歸ո˹ѧʱ򣬸Ļû빬С棬ֻıƢãСѾͷ鷳ػضһġ
Fݻ֮˸˲Ҳ˧࣬Ȼɫ֮ǰ𪣬Ҳĥ˼ӣĺۼһͽ˾ʮʵŵĹӸȫһ͡
ĺ˿̲裬Ƶ˵ĹӽҲʮ˰ɣǲСʱһˡȥţ˵һ˲ѧʺܺãҲǼɫġֻ⼸סݣҲһֱδס
˵Ŀһۡ
歼Ҿģ㿴Ҹ
û¡
ЦЦλСĻǼˡ
ĲµĲʺȷд⡣ͷ׮ҪģһǶҵֶFһǴ歡
ոڻʺԣȻ£ū澿ͬĹͲ࣬ӻȹܹ꣬ճɾȴҲýٲЩġ
ֵĻνһˡ
ʺҲ˵歽ȥ˼ңҲѾͬFˣǲѰŮ˼
Ȼ˵šȫƾĸͨĺߴЩסӣʺֻһ۾֪Ըġ
̫үڻʵۺ͸ĹʮϣǶʵ۽ӡ󲻴ڻʺ뷨Ҳ޳ɡ
ʺͬʵͨ󣬾ͽֶF࿴
FһֱСкøУǰʱҲε԰ĳʺ֮ǰɩɩ͸磬FҲ֪ǻʺپΪʲô
Ϊһɫſ̸´󷽣ֵ壬Ȼδĸϲ
F뿪ʱ򣬸ճž
ոȥ԰˺Щʻ׼ƿ׸ʺ
ӭFֹס˽ŲĸҲݼʺ𣿡
Ů겻ͬϯFҲںСʱȥǰԺǶ졣
ȻҪкġ
F΢΢ǷǷڹסÿɻϰߣ
Ȼʺ̫ӵȻǴҼõġֻ̫ɩԺգ̫ӵޣǼҺ͸ʼҴǰĹڣվЩң˵Ҳҭˡ
⼸ڹܵίЩ۾ղȥһΰ󣬹ĸͽͬ˵û²ҪȥˣҲ֪ǲͬĸ״Եʡ
F̫үϲһӣǰҲʱ̫ү߽ѾԼ游ϴԣ÷鶼еģľԶģǶFҲվ̫ߡ
ãҪ֪ʼģ̫ǸŮҽһ˵ҭ˲ӦֻΪûᵽﵱе˼
˵ˣʺĸ˵Ҳ޵Ͼǻʹӵס㵽ײĴܣĸ⻰ҲΪãǳʲô鷳ʰˣɲҪˡ
ᣬFø簡ôҲŸʼˣټһʹôûһʵ
߶ĸҲù
֪ǲЩùԵʣֻýۣ´ʱˤ
ʮ갡˵ġһ͡ҲôͲаɣ
ղ˯֮ýոùֿʼֿÿͷһӣʵЩܣ̫Ҫȥ˯һɣ
仰ֻ֮ʵЩģҾȥЪˡ
῵Żʱ򣬷ָ˯Щô磿Ŷûþ˯ˡ
ʱȷЩ˯ʱ򲢲
˼һЩڸ֮£ֵ̫ԵһлֻѾʮûˡ
ͷһ˰յˮǿѹסзĵϲˣ̫ҽһ
ֵ·ݶǳʱ̫ҽﲻģٹոЩ
῵ҾͰ̫ˣ⼸ҪЩʳжҪע⣬ɽȥ˶ĵطʲôȥǰͷҡ
һһӦū⼸Сأ²صġ̫Ȼ˳˳ΪµС

47

Ĺ, ӭŮ
һֽ˸, ֺ:ʲô
ǹЩ¶, ȡ˺Һ
ЦЦ:ǹﵹǺ¡
ֺɶ˵˼:˵, ¶˾Щȥ̫ӵ³ǰǸͷСסʱϲõġ
ӴĻУеһ˿ͬѰϢ
ҲԼǰź̫ӵС̫˵ǰ̫ҵʱ򣬸Ҽλӹϵòͬλ˵÷ҲΪ֪֪׵ġ
ǰݼ̫̫ӿ岻, ̫ҽȥ̫ӣѾʵѵá
ǻʺң̫𾴻ʺ, Ҳһ˵ġ
ϡϵ, ǰ;һΪ̫ӵһŮ, ҲǸ
ͻȻԼǰĿͷ
ԽŴɫ:Ҳ⹬а׻˲, ǹո빬زģʲô׵ľҡ
жӦ:лл֡
 
ϲ
ֹ˰º, ̫˳µС
Сδ¡Ķһ˼״ֿ̫ݸոսСڵţ͵, ̫õա
İ־ܾһѵ±أʱһðա
ŻڶһЩûġЦЦ̫õģͽİСҳ԰ɣ̫ӵ½Сҿųɫã׼ִ𡣡
ʱ򣬼ǰѾͷǰСңѩ׵۾ԲԲģ֪ʲôЩĿɰ
İͺӣʶȤȥռ̫ӷˡ
֪еϢѾϲһ糯˷ܾȻû§˵˺һɵ󣬲ŷעЩУҲûаӦ
ôˣ
ҡҡͷûʲô
ǶͻȻ˸Сһе㲻ʵ
ס֣Լӣ˿ţѱ붼࣬Ժɲ̣Լˡͷ²ȵȱţ͸ĸ͸˵һ˵ϢҲƵͷһЩƣԺÿ㡣
:
ҪÿߺðɣʱŸһЩء
Ÿո˰ӣͿʼǰԤ֧ڣıûأôͳ˱͵أ
= =
̫еȻûйΪ̫ź֮һȴѲ˸ʮ
ԴǴε̫̫ͬϵͱʮǢֻ̫ҪЪںԺʱ򣬴̫Ǳߡ
ֲ²⣬̫ⷬΪֻΪãͽ󣬴һϵQǶ̫Ҫһȹ̵λ
ɼȻ̫УȻǲһֱ̫ӵģʱλҲˡ
Уʤѡ̫ͬӵ÷ı
ʱܸͨ籨ʾãܹ˻֦ͷˣպ󶨵вǰ̡
λʧҲûʲôӻأơ
ô˵Ϣ͸¶ȷǸ׬
Ϣһ˼붷վҵ˻ʺ
ʺڼϲõУϲ˭˼ǣֶŮȻҲ⡣
⼸ռ¶ˮʺһյ裬ڰ˵⡣
˵ɩˣʱӳź硣űͬλ淲ȣҲһ֪֪ȵĹŮûУܲþôίţԸΪĸǡ
ʺüͷ̼
ϱдʮֲɼǸΪвŵġ
·Ϊ͡Ͱ硣
ڿ統Уŵ󻬣ɷģͻݵչΪϲţΪɷ檿֦ɢҶɷһɾͺʶӵܸɣƾԲԲչ١
дôһһһ˫˵İ籾չŮʶ֪ٵصø飬ɷ檡
ôãĽǸĶ̥ڻʼҺ̫ӶԶش¹ʣҲһܵӰ졣
ҺĹϵոתһЩ̫ʱŮ̫檣ඨͬ˺棬˳ŻʵҲҪܵǣ
ʱ̫£ֲܣ⳯ʺܰ⣿
˵ֻ̫ӳ檣ΪɵĲӰ켫󣬺ܻܿɶҡغ
ʺɨһҲˣ˼Ҳˡĸ׵Ļڹǰĸˡˣȥɣˡ
ʺ˵ֱⷬ뿪λԸָʰ
̱ֻû䣬֫þòܻ
˷ô󹦷Žͽʺ󣬾Ϊܹилʺ࿴պҲü޸˼ҡ
ʺֻһ仰Ҫִ⽫ؼȥͻʺⷬԻܿҲᴫǶ֪׺͵ĸôʰԼ
Ժĵ·ֻǸӼѡ


48

еطЩͷ, ָһƺд·
һڿҿҵ̫ӿʼ͵, λ̫ҽʱʱ˶ƽ, ר̫ҽҪסڶˣĲƷҩҲˮͽ
̫еϢҲܿ첻ֶ, Ϣڴ˵ֱ֮λز
һϷܶôãȻûʲôɹ̫Уп֮ǰµӣһΨһָܹ̫ӵĵҲûˡ
Ӵͷɥػص֮󣬿ƺ鲻, һ䡣
ҽȥ˶Ǳ߸̫ϲĶɫҲ, һ̥಻, ʺ̫ӵҲİ
ӵø, 첲ҲͰ, յ̫Ǳȥˡһ̫ѣֵôϸŰͽ᣿ˣҽȥƶǱЪɡ
ƶǻ, ӶԻ͸ƴӣúܴһԭƶն߷Եʡ
˵ʱ߻ӾͬŴԶȥıӰ, пʼ
Լ۱ˣŮҪĸҪչˣɲһߵڡ
̫Уȴ֪ʲôԭʧ˶ҲûϢ뿪ˡ
ԭֺͬ㽻ã˶뿪Ϣǲͨ϶ôﲻٳͷҲЩ
̫ȻУ̫߾Ͳȱˡ
Ͼ֪òý˻ƴһѵ̫Ӹǰ
ͻȻ峿ʱߣſԶ̫̫˹ɢ
ϼǵãʱ̫ͨһյæʱȴƵ»صе̫ɢġ
̫Щˣվ²Ը߶
̫̫̫ͣҪ̫ӸЦ߲ˡ
̫ζıӣ͸˸Ц
ЦȻͦģ̫ȴЦúǿģץ̫ӵЦҡҡλΣСһ
ʱնҲ˴𰸡
̫ϲ̫ٷһˡ
ĬĬ˻ȥ
ֹ˼գҵġ
̫ͬĸԶã˵Ѿĸ빬ǰͶ˵Ҫػ̫ȥ̫Щӣ̫˵׼ȥ˴԰а̫˵£
ʵ۵̫ڹסòϰߣ׼Ų԰
ĵͷ:Т˳̫ס԰ӻ̹һЩʶд˰š
ϵ:̫ףϥӣ̫԰źһһТģҲΪϺ̫ӷǣ֪̫Ϊɺã
Ͻһ֮ãĴû˵ڰ̫飬ȴһȻǾⶫòԼҪĶҪ뿪Ѱһµķչ
ǸˣĿƲ˵ƣӦ:Ȼ뷨̫ͬ˵˵Т˳ģҲͬġȥ԰Т˳̫ҲȻǶˣʳͷϻǶƣʲôҲʹͣ㾡ܷġ
ԣҲϣϵ˹úһЩϵıȻҪС
Ÿİһ:л̫
= =
Ϊ̫ӵԵʣʵۺһﳯæɽŵ°ؼҡ
ʵ۾۵ýֳӦ󹬣ȻȥǱ߹ҹ
һͷʱֻʺùţԸŮһš
ʵ۳֭輦˿С棬ŻʺһֱЩи𶼲ϣôжϲôõ鷢òῶŪ˰ɣ
ʺ󣺡
Ҫ游ˣܲܿһ
У޲ܾôȥһҪúȥ򾭲ǡʵ棬ʼǱоѧʺһרעرӰ
ڶ糯֮µĻʵҵ˸һͰʵϲкŮһЩ
ʾϲŮһǴֿɰ
ȥҪĻʵۣةĻһ˼⣬һԸ
̫͵ڼСף⳯дСҪָةأֻаˣ̫ӺŶõġ
ʵ۾ϵݷһ̫ӷһԶ̥һЩҲνϾҺòĺá
뵽ʵͻȻͱԼԹľжˡ
ΪɽΪ˺ةľ꣬Ϊʼҵĺгչ׳Ϊҳʵڸ̫̫ˡ


49

ڷӦ, ʳһֱõòࡣ
῿սݵС, ż
¸Ķʲôë, ŷʦǻʺ󡢹̫Сʦͨͨ, ǸȻֻдǰ֮һķ
̫ӳüⲨ˻ʵ۵
ʵԼ﷢˼ܵةࡣ
ʵȻ糯֮ҵ˸ļп䰡Ůθʵڲã̫ӺͻʺʮֵҲѹõĳӶͶȥ, ȻûʲôЧһĹ֪ʶҲ࣬ĳӱȽϷŮθЩ޸, ҲѰȥͽ
Żʵίʾ, Ժֲǳר, һݳ
ʵ۵ͷ, ȷõЩַ滹ͦĵõġ
յʵָ󣬳˼ӽ, ȻЧ΢
ʵۼ겻ѰһΣѵżõõȴûиʵ۰, ǶЩա
ĳҹҹΣϴԲͻȻĸΡ
һԴ⣬ڶձʵ飺̫ҷ빬չ̫̫θڻһЩ
Īϱôӽ˶
СʱﲢԣǺ뿪ϼҰᵽǺ󣬸ⱼ蹶࣬ҲãݺżְͣڼңǶʱҲǸѡ
ʱҲҲõĳӣѾͷΣĪżҲϴ
Īϳղ˵ãʤģÿķˣأҲԵ
仰˵ĪķζֻҶƹϽ˸ҲԵýζ
˵ˣĪѾչ̫ס˶ĲúóԷĪϾͶ߶ĸ׵ǿƶ£ô͸Ҳԣ
ͬʱַ֣ڸʱͬһЩзϡ£ıŹµʱ֪һЩʳ
仰˵İ̫·
Ƕ𣬼־ͿʼѾͷ̫ʱ졣
գܿ˵ʱӱ֮贫źİֽǰҵ¡
ص֮Ҵү򸾱㿪ʼ࿴
һ۸ڶү򸾸еļɻѡԸɾܾ⼸ڷѻ
ڰ֮ǰ˻飬ԭ빬֮ǰƲλ׼÷ӵģ½ܴ󣬲òλӻǲĽ
һֱжɣõδ󼴿̱ȡһֱֶֹ
Ȼ⾸Ӳ֮ˣֲܾ󣬻δްʾһϣδ޼гܹܺ
ͬͬǶճǶүĵСŮ
һֱȴ󷿸бҲü̫үģ̫үһֱԼ屶ãˬģʮ겻⣬ǶӶûвڵӵĿԱȴ󷿴һЩ
Ƕ󷿣ү֪Լί֮󣬵˴󷿷򸾣ȥ̫үǰֱָ󷿷򸾲ΪŮģʺƢ˶ϳ
֪ҲڵùǺͬЭ̺󣬰ͻϼң󷿱֤ĺٷų
ӣ̲סūͿﲻǸ˶ʱū澾Ϳһ˫۾ֱض̫ӵ¿˵Щֻ÷·𼴿̾ܵڵϡͻȻ䱻ʺͳȥ֪ΪЩԽԵʣ
ʱ򣬸ҲԼλеԾƺ̫ǰͷЩ˵ҲĽˣ˼÷ֱõģֻŲԼµԭҲûж롣
ĪһѪȻû飬ȻǸֵģ̫ᣬǰһƬ壬͵죬ԵЩ뷨Ҳǿܵġ
ӣݾͷʾ޳ɡ
Īֽŷô˵ҲǸûģô˵ôҵĹŮҲѰС˼ҵĵŮǽһЩ񶫹λ֮֮£Ҳûʲô˼
ӣ߷ߵŲأ۶ɶءͷԼ̫ӵ˵Ҳúܣλñס˵ǿ˳淵λӣŶ̫ӵڡ
˵ĪͻȻһ£תͷԸĵˣô˵һͰŲ˺ͷ˿ǽӽ̫ӵĻᡣҲİ˵̫ӴδҹҲδҹ淣ҲȻЪĹ˵ģ㵽̫ܸҪ˵ȣӶǺõġ
̾⻰Ҳû̫˵̫ӵ¾ֻһˣ˵ԲЩ檣ҲӲȥΪͽһġ
Īϣ
ҸоôãͻȻЩ֪˵ʲôźá


50

Դ֮, ǵˮ
⼸Щʧ, ҹ˱ʫ, ڴһֻԽ롣
Դ̫к, ӵľ˸ЩħˣĴ޽ʿġطһ檸˴ӡ
λҲܲһ㣬ǻԶݣǴӵԶáһǳλͷ磬ܽдһٵС
Ϊ棬רŽлڽһˮѵĵլ, ңӴ˿ʼƵ֮ǰΪĵƶҲԺ
ڴ֮, ִҴ, ˵һ𴲱㷢
Щ, Ϊ, ֻĸѾͷٺѩЩ
һ⻰æϵŮ䣬յͨ죬ܵý, æԸȥ̫ҽ
̫ҽղֵסӢ벻Զһ͸ϵ
ù̫ҽҩ, ڴУз߶š
˯󣬶ĸʵö˶˵ģôأ
ĸˣվ˵ҪȵôȰŷ
뵽ѾûŮ˲ȥǱ߽ү
Լʱ»ͷظ˻ǱŷǸԵģſڲҽȥҲ֪үڲͷ
һ𣬴·׳ԼҼù
ùŷϢ֪ŮҪȥԺȴ𴳽ǰԺ鷿
ùŮ״һʲôˣ
⼸յг׸һȥǱ߽ϳ˺ú˵ס
ùû̬һԵĴüͷʲôӣӢôӷ׹ݣôֳҪճ
жһϧСã̬ظͨǻӣΪһͬýȢȥɣͿǸ˳ˣģȥҶţ۲ϡ
ŶͶȥһмĿ⣺ճ鲻õ͸ǵģѾˣĴ㲻롣
ù۾϶ȥɡ
˴뿪󣬴ŶŸײ⿪ڵΪθҪ֣
ùе㲻ͷһֱǼܵͻ͵ǣĺ룬иúԼҶǺ¡
= =
⼸պûʲôҪ£ǹ밲ҲһļͻԼиɸġ
첡ٵĻУ밲
ʺһͷӣ֪⼸նᡣ
Ȼ˵Ӻʹһ£̲ס޳ˡ
ʺոտһŮǺĻ:鲻͵һԷޱٻԼһѻ࿴ᡣڹ׵ķ飬ҵԼҪԴϲ
⻰д൱ıڽգ˿˿ۣʤûʺһ춼û
ǶʺúҲô¶ûʲô˵ġ
ǻ֮ǰʱһֱϴȲϲҲƲŮѰһ۵ģɲԸʲôأ
ʺŻοж︣˼ԼҪ
ʺͬӴ࣬һ֪ʵͦģܸϴһ˴һġ
һ۹ͦһӣϴеˡ
Ҳǿϴ󳤴ģ⺢ӾӡһͦһǷС
˵ȥãǴܻҲû˺˵俴źֵģ徻
ʺǵã֮ǰҲ˴˵̫Ӻ̫ͣ˵֮оݡ
дʹӵǰʺͻȻĶӶϱȥ
Ѽµİԣ˶ϣһ÷ţһ۾ȥмϣһӵץ˸š
εСкõĹƬǿüֲι˸
һˣⶫԺɲٳˡ÷Ҹ¡
ѡһɵĹ¸һֱЦ
ʺվڲԶСദ̲סǡ
ӹȻǸõģ֪ϱʵۺ粻һҲܷ
ҺˣҲιƽ¡
ò˵һĻ˵ĺӸһЩ
Ӻһըźܿ촫˻ʳǣںԭ˵硣һ㣬Ŵ⼸ڹ﹬˽ﶼǴκ¼ҪŻʵۻӲ۵ϡ
῵İϢԴָ󹬲ͬĴ֪ڴӺȥҼùһܣ˵а֧Ů룬Ƶ˷˼⣬һ㶼ΪӵĽ㡣
ùҲƣúõĹŮɻûʱܾίʵʧк˼ҵĹͬ룿
˵Ǽᶨ̫ɣѹ޸ҲҪλãŮͬӺˣӵǰ̸ɶϵ
ùһٵĻ뿪˼ùҲһʽѡ
һҹꡣ
ʱ˹۾ȴŴͷһݹġ
῿üͷôѵ磿ĺˣ
ҡҡͷ
ĸ´СӣȻ΢Щˡ
˯˰û񡣡´ĸڴͷ컹أ˯
ı۾һվ˯ţתͷ῵˵ɩɩŶӦýԼҽˣվҪӢŴȥ
ѾһҹȻῷԵģ㻳źӣʲôǲҪȥˡ
תĸ첲ҡҡǲȥԼҽ㣬ͻ᲻ãһãͻԵ١ٳһٷҲҪǲ֪᲻еޡ
ΰ
һȥЭؿڣ˶٣ֵȻ㡣
Ǻðɡ
İͷӢأвϲ֬͵ӣǰʱػȥӢŶҪֵġ
ڹ⼸ʵЩƻˣԭҲҪȥģ̫ӵȥͷ֡
һĶϣҲȷ̫ճЩŪŶûԼʱ䡣
ڱ̾˿Ǵ˵۵ĸ


51

̬ȺܺúϵԵ, Ҳܸӵ˲, ĵһ쵾׸
ȵ˴ʱ, ǰȻɫ߳ӭȥ
Ȼĺ۾һ˿ϲӵ, ô컹أ
סȻ֣˵ҪȥЩĲ£㡣
ȻϧĵգͻæԾĹ˲ңҲ˲ˡģԺúܺãá
ʱڶһ֪, ̫ӺĪڣͺʹӵҲ˵˲١
ĸȥ⣺Ǹ𣿡
Ȼͷ
Ψһܸоοˡ
ȻȻڻʼϣǴڸҴû, һҪ, Ůĳ̶Ǵǰ
Ȼǰͬĸӹϵû, һŮ, Ǵ۶ۺӣҲ֪Ӹĸ׻һЩ
ջ˵˻ʵۣȻǻʼҵĹ, ĸ׽ޡ
һȻ¸վ˶岻ãҪϳȥ
Ȼע⵽, ̫ӵһֱվһԶԶŸģȫӣٸ鲻ˡ
ò˵ϻкܶõĸ飬ֻˣû뿪Ӻǰ·Ҳӹ

һǻ˻ģӸҲ⡣
̫ˣ̫Ϊչ̫͸кֱӣѸ󶼲ȥˣ۵ûʵͷͷ˺ü
ΪϥֻһŮðҳյ·޸ѣԺա
ӸһУʱЩķ꣬Ҳ˼̫Խֱ˵Ǹӵġ
빬밲ʱҲʱ̫ĺøøͬһЩԱȡеĹŮҲںֱۣฮ˽ܵ飬Ĺ˵ҲฮϵĹǺһЩ
ֵ֮ĺжԸĵĲִﵽһµķֵ
źԣܵע谮ŸлǾӦ뷨ӽĺŪܵ⵽ʱ
Ҳ֪ͬ׾ͲԸûгΪ̫淶ǸʼҵĹȴ澹˺ݶһδĺӶ֡
ʵǳߥôȥ࣬ͬʱҲ̫ӺͻʵۡʺΣ֮С
Ϊ˸ıͷȫôȥ
棬ΪЩ̫ʵʱӲԺԺʱΪߡ
뿪󣬺۾һתѾͷ͵ȥ鷿
ȻԺô⣬ػеģ㲻ҲҪһࡣ
ͣͷվôʱ͹ˣʲô飿
ҽһ顣ʢ˵ĵĲ˿觵Ӹӵ鰸ϣҲֲ֪ͬฮϲԸֲ游ִȥʸȻֲ游Ҳˣֲ̫áֲ֪ǸҲͬฮ˵̫УŽҳְŪ̫ĺӡ
˵Сĵؿһӵɫ·ͬСɣֲĻŵһûعæͬ»㱨
ĸ淸ֶ̫ĺӲ
뵽ͳһ亹
ϵôˣǰ޷Ʋϵ˵ʲôˣڸҲҲûԡ
ֲ￴ģҲв飬û뵽ﾹ˵˵Ǹƶʲ˵ģϾǸĵشĴˡ
ﰲοһתȥԺӡ
ȥԺ;УԽԽ£ҵ㼱еʵ̫кֵ⣬ǲģ
û뵽ô֪ˣżӣΪ˼Ľ飬ҡ̫Ӻʹְܾ˺󣬵²Ӯҡʱ̫ʧ˻ʳҲʧһ룬ҲΪĽ㣬Ÿء
ȻǰҲйҪͷŴĶͻͻһֽ˸ʹһЩںԺ﹩ְʱ˲ٿ˲٣ԽõԼĴ˵ǹʹ˶֪
ٿǰֲ˵˴治֮£沿ĲɼЩħˡ
һգʹ˵ʧ飬ֱӽ䵽ׯͷ빬ˣɼǶԵںլֲɥʧȤ
ֶźԳ޵б£ôһ¶Ͱֲˣֽ¶Ŀ࿴Խϧ
ЦЦȻ
ձǺ˵ڻʵǰͷ費شǰе̵˼ңּҽ̳ŮôùǺҹأ
ȴĸΣŹĸһת۾͵˻̥֮ʱ
῿ŸŶԺɢʵ࣬Դзʧߣѣ۵ǻֻһɡ
룬ԼƤ˵ҪСˣ㻹벻ҪܵأǴҪܵõĻ׵߶һ£Ļұ߶һ±á
̥⻰ڸĶһ˺ü¡
üҪüܵã
§Ÿĵļ򣬸ǾͲһɺã
ıῶЦˡ
ôô̫ˣдСʮͿʼˣôƵġ                        
лҪ˵ޱѽԻк䣬СʹǲҪسצ~

52

ٽ֮Ǵů, Ϊøĺͺסø̹һЩ, ҲŲ԰
԰ͷûлʹǰϿ, ʵ۱иҲס˽԰Ҳǵһأÿʵ۹԰Сסʱ, ݵĵһѡ㿴С
ķϰ˵ңżֵĵ֣ͻȻöӷ۵ЩԣִԤڵ㷨£˳Ҫˡ
ڲû̫࣬Ȼһֱ϶Ե, ̼Ϊ˳еĲγԱȡ
˴ԼʱСӰĿ硣
һԼֶͷϲϲʺ, ϲ̫ӵ, ǸС
ֽӱ˹, һ˽ʮµС, ţǳ˵ôǸȫ, պſɡ
Ǻӵĸĸͷɾţ˵üΪÿ, ̫Ӻ͸Ĵ蹳ʱû⺢úá
İĻƣظĵͷúǶ˵ǵĺÿ
۵ùǺֻ˯⻰̲ס۾Ҳţ
ò¸ޣӵĳܲøֵˮɡ
ҲúÿͷͶء
ҾûҸÿЩ
ľƤʵǳ˵仰˯ȥ
ȵĺֻķҸС
ͨͬʵȻҲڵһʱõϢ
֪ǸС󣬻ʵ۳Ÿϲ޲֮ϲһ
ʮֳĵһ̥ģĻǲԵʣɲûдӦ󣬵Ѿˣƽսʱ򾭣̫ĸƽǺõġ
ӵĴȡţʵ²һͣһҪźá
㣬øʵЩϸ֦ĩڣ㽫ӵĹȨȫȨ˻ʵۡ
ӵСҪȡģܲһֱСĽţͬ󣬱á񴡱ȡСֲձ㡰еüΪ˳ڡ
º㳤˲٣ð׾ɰϲѽѽԼԼ棬Ҳˡ
ϲȺ֮󣬻ʵ۱ʱش˽ӽӹ͸һ𶺶
ģʵ۷ֻ֣Ҫ֮󣬸ͶԼ̬ȳĺܺãȥ첻ͷֵ顣
ʵЦúϲ£죬ſڱտڶĹûãҰ֮˶֪ʵһ˩Сϣǰǵó̫ӵ¶վˡ
ڶĳ֮£Խ
Ĳ檻õҶûлϺӣʵڣûʲôúõϱҲˣҲûҪ׼˼
ӶһӵŮҲʧȤͬ˸ͻһ
佫ŲپԴԤʵ״һֱЩ뷨
죬ۼΪάֺþΰ˾вǰǽ
մӺͻʹӾׯͬȾƳ콵ѩһ·ˣȴһ̯İȻ̯λĿ
ӽгͣ˳ӣ߹ȥѯΪβؼұܱܷѩ
۾ÿձصܹ֮ҡ
ӿе塷Ľ̫緶½ҲԼһԡ
ֽддãݸһڣʲôû˵뿪ˡ
ʵ۽Խ̫ӣĳ̶ȣдС񶼽ῷִʾʵۣλ͵ļ
ӺͻŽʱո飬λĵ·λˡ͸˴ôһڣĪʵ£
ЩĲ£ȥʦӽ˷óȷǸգԸ顣
Ҳеؾ쵽ӺͻЩЩͷʵ̫ۡӺ͸⾩ж߱鲼ԲѿĴͬ͸Ǳ䱾ɣ£佫Żۻᵽҹǳе顣
ʵȻ֪ԼĵУҲͬ˵ˣ֮һ£˳῵ǻһЩ
ͬʱฮӭһĿˡ
ຫףŻдİɽȸ࣬˵ǽѵһˬظʡ
͸ź˼Ҷһת˵˽⡣
ӺͻͲЩ佫֧֣ͬҪպĹټһЩ㡣
Ǽվ̫ӺͻʵǱߣ迼ǣʧڻʵͬԸຫͳ˴Ҫ£ĵһѡ
ͽźҺ˹̸ãսȴǻȥ
߻ͺ󣬼̽ȥӺү˹
үڷ§ְֽأŵ̫үͻȻȥһæ鷿
кսϱȥӸϣŽʹвʲôۼ
үԽͷԣʸףǸϿʲô鷢
ûʲôǴӺͻͽķͼ˵Ҽǡӵɱʲô˸ˣٷͿдŲҪʽڼҿӣҪ̫Ӻʹӵˡ
үһ㶣ҹˣʱһ̫֮ӵǻҪˡôԸӸ֮£
۾һɣҵĴ㣬òģֻܺԼǡٴһ֬Ҳȡ
Ӻͻں֮Ҳܳ£Ĵȥɡ
ȷǿһЩ˵ҲһЩȻԸʵò˵ȷˡ
˼ҸĹŮ̫˻ʳⱲһٻѾˣʲô˼
취簲ź⼸Ķ˾ӶϰɣҲ㰲ȫ½

53

ֵ, 빬ȥĸ, Ƚ˵ŷָҲڡ
֮ǰʱ, ʱ򵢸Щʱ䣬ʱеĹŮѰ, ʵ۶кĸŻ߶㣬޿ʱҲæµýż㲻Ϊĸ֮¶ˡȻˣĸúøš
ûͬʡĸһôȵˣҲûиܵһһǢգֻİ
Ӹճʱ򣬸ʻǲȵʱӵӡ
ĸڵȻøʳ谮, ΪϥµԵʣʳĸԺӣһš
Сʱ򲢲󰮳ʳ, Ҳõ, ΨһԵŷʦص, ֻҪʱ½, صŷһбʦĵġ
ٷӳԵüΪĬֻʺĸ̸Ц
Сʱ򸸻ʴȾƣʹ, Ÿʺһ󣬷ҪȰע塣
֮ǰʵۿֹ, ӻ֪˵ʲô
֪ǲĸеҶЩͷԵʣ̤һɲǣͻȻһ㱣ŲЩġ
ӲҲֻһڽߡ
ôţˡ
Դһ׽ˣӺæͣͬʰ
ֻѺ˷Щ죬ϸһԭڽšաİ׺ӡˡ
Ǹ˶ӵ۾ǷֱæԽһǰڸһееһƭӣ˾ǣԲΪƭʵסͨƭ˲ǰƭͬһٽڱǲ񡣡
ƭӣǸƭӣ
µĸ˾Ȼôһƭӡ
ͻȻЩġ
ջȥ
ΪѾûйˣʱʱãҲ֪ͷŻ˵Ż
վڴߣӾ˾˺ҵĶԻе֪ԭλʲôݣǻ͵˽Ů
͵޳ߣҵӺһʱȻЩû䣬ȻܸͲ֧֣˴Ρ¡ﻮҲǵĲٹס
ͲҴؼȥۿŮ˳׵ͣ㽫Լ
ӵǲ˾˸˽Ůɻ;ôλεƭ˵ʲôĹǰͷƣǽдԽܵĲ֡
ôͣΪŮŮˣͬиӣȴһжԴڻ͵ƭ
ûнȡαˣһλص˽ϡ
ԶԶĴȻǣһΪһűǺ«
꣬ϡǵãȻ̼ұ磬ףҲǽѵõſ
ԾԾҪԼѡǺ«ѡѡǺ«ЦӶǵһζЦʲôʱˡ
ֻ塪һը˿̶һڣΪʲôȫ綼
һڽϼţ̿״̬ԣʲô飬ںͷֻ˫ŶߵЩľ
ʱֿʼƮѩ
֮ǰŻϷʱ̫дǸ籾һһ÷Ϸ̨ϳѩƮƮһƬãܷڵľ
Ӿôţһ̵ײˣ˴ƴ֣ʮضŴӺⶼʲô˰·۾ģ
ڴʱǰฮͣ
һϮʯɫ³˺ǳ⡣
˿壬Ծͬס
һЦʹ˸ɫӻ⣬һҵ׽թƭĿˡ
ײԭСټϴūڽϺаԵֱײһȡ
˵Լײӣ˷˿ڽǣû˷ŵ档Դⲻ֪࣬ǾȨ࣬ں޲ܹŸΪʱ
ȵ̱˴ߺ󣬴һҪŵøǰһѣӱة࿪ʼء
һôǣ
ӿ˰û˵Ȼ״̬ʵЩãҲûƥȽԼฮ
ۿֵŵʱ䣬ŴӲûҪߵ˼Ŵʵõʲô
ӵԵġ
û·֡
Ĵʹϴ뾩ʱ˸еĳӣӲòһ棬ȡʡ
ǵٽΪƺ֮вùպͷΪԳȳԮ޷Ƭ۷ɴƴּ䡱ˮСY
𸸻ʵһһСѡӣʪۿ漴ةԼ岻ãȥһʱ䡣

ӲҪ췴ôôͻȻҪȥĴ
˭ŲͻȻû磬׾˾ˣƭ޼ɵ̫ӵƲв̫ӾǵһˣҲժˣΪŮҲ
ԽԽô£ͬ˵Լеļƻæţİȫ
ζؿ˴һۡ
Ҳ֪ʲôǴˡ⺢ӸһֻϧԴʹһСʧҲŲסɶɶʵۣȵϵʹ졣
ܿ죬дµϢ뿪ȥУ˻ʵۺ͸˭֪Ϣ
ӵһ֧ɶɵۣ˵̫ǵһжôôͻȻ֮Ͷࣿѵ⻹ǵִɣ
Щ˶оӺͻˣˣ׷Χ͡Ӳûʲôı췴ʵҲûȺԡɶҡΪɣЩ˰չٵİչ٣ְĽְȲҲȨĺͲš
˶ˣϵЩҲֻܽл͸ˣʵ۹ŴӺͻӣ˻һٶȽŵݡ
õϢ֣̫үڼҺ˸͵ù˱ٷƻֺأȥͤ϶ͷ˳㿴εӰֻ뾩ǳ
Ҳ˵˴һȴͻȻѡ飬Լͼ绹Զأ֮ţ簲ַ̫ӵСࡣ
ǲˣӸոմ齨δῶ׵ҲȡߣŵԼڸǰἰ£븸ʸЩ
ǶӽΪ⣬̫˿ûаԹԣֻҪԼ飬ʲôۻȥ
Ҳᵽ˹׽ʺ͸⡪̫ԣ
ڴȻ뾩ϸһ£֮˽²²˲ʮ汾ÿ汾кܴ롣
¶˲֪ô֪飬ȴӸ˲١
ڴ֮ǰΪ˴лܵţȥฮҸȹüپƣҲ϶¶˲
ȻӶԸòرȫϾΪ͵ƭ뿪һƭӵЩĻ䣬־֮ǰ̫˶Բסʵۣ뾩ȥСˡȥˡ
֪¶ͦпģͷת˼Ȧ󣬶Աӵ῵һǼλϻ۵ģҲǸ˶ôӾͳӣչ黹ʳõ̫Եʡ
ϱӿʱ˵Ե̫࣬ϵͳͻһֱصѪҺӦϵͳòѪҺӦ֯ᷢٻӰ쵽ӵ
仰˵Сӳ̫ණŻƢθпܻԻӵġ
Ľ۶ῴһ˵½۵ԺҪСЩɲܸ̫ࡣ
῰Űɣģ
ָ۶ʱҲ󣬴СͳԵ١СͱȽɣŶõ߳ɱָĽСʱ飬̫ӷʳһޣҪŷζķ˲ܺһЩ
ҽͬȵĹŴǺҲǷСƽԭ򣬴Ӳӹ̫ʳĶǿųԵġ
ϧؿС
ޣ̯һδѡף˸ʳûãŽպ󰤶ˡ

54

һת͵, Խ˼ά, ѩ
к͵˸ÿɵ, 鸨ҵʱ򣬾Сһּ, ֵһͷĺҪյʶ侲
İ߸ĴӱߴȤ:ĶĶأ̫ӵÿҪģҲûػؼǰû̫ӺõµԶء
ĵͷʾͬ
˼Ҷǹ˺ӺĸԹԣҲᣬǵ˸׺ԽһЩ
ǽ̺Ӷʱ, ĳ̶Ƚиȫ̾磬ʰ·硣
֮£⼸ƢԽԽ, ̫, ڶӡƫڹ, Ҳ, ûʵ̫ۡͻʺĳ谮ûʲôס
ϸʱ򣬻ʵ۽иȥԺ󸱶ʷְλ, ˾ٴص
ҲǵӶԺģȻʷְȷһЩȴҲǳ׵ˡǺ˸λ, Ȼᱻǰ˷ԣǶ˽Ĳ·
ѸڣʾЩε:˽´һ£ةɻ
Ц
ʵԼԸģ̫ѡ񣬹ͶԺ
ӯһЩȻ򣬹ȷǸϵĺõطΪʵ۱ȽƵԵʣﾩαЩãӹҲ
Ƕջѡ˶Ժ̫һ³з
ǸԸѡĶԺְλȴϾǻʵ۴ϴԣһûʵʲôɫ
ʵԲҲ˯㣬Ȧϳ̫үˣŽжӰæةûУŶ
蹰ῳ²лϴ׿ҲûˣСܲһֱˡ
´蹵Ļת˻ʵۣʵȥةฮС
ʵฮһգ彻̸ʲôῲ֪صʱʵǣ߽߱¥ǡ
ͻȻʱ򣬻ʵҲǣ֣ȥ鷿ȥУϸ½ġ
֪ĸ
񸸻ʹˣҲʱ򡭡
ûдǣתУҵڸϻͷ޵ĸģʾͣϻƣм
ӣĻССһ£ʲô𣿡
ʵ۽峿һʹȥˣһûлѵͷʲô飿
῵ҲûʲôҪ£Ǹ֮ǰһֱ˵Ҫλһ£ЩһֱûдӦڿʹˣȴǰҾžλӽӹҲЩꡣ
ķҪְܾɶ³ˣıʾ֧֣Ǻ¡
ֻһҿܻкܳһʱ䶼æûʱ㡣
ûµġ῵ֱҸоƢһЩֻæģҴͺá
˵ʵһֱ罫λΰԼȥ̫ϻ꣬һֱûʵ֡
῾´Ӧô˵ǰ˹ؼһµƪ¡
˶Щ˷ܣ̫Ž⣬˵˵ž͹˴ϡ
ıǵЩƺСӵĽŲաһѽѹϵƿ:ǲˣ
ţҿʽȥǰͷ鷿ôʱֹˣ
޵ţͷ:ף𣿡
涯ģײȥŵ޵Ķˣæһѽ:̫ͬͷҪأԹԵģִȥܽظɺã
һã֪ͷæͬʱ򲻺ôţֻίͰ͵Ӧһż뿪˸ĵ޵
֪ǲΪЩԵʣĵڶʱǾΥᱳʹȥ밲֮ʱҲ̲סòյǷ
ʺĵһܺϸθڣÿÿ밲ʱ򣬻ʺ󶼻ϱרһԡ
ոֻһھ̲סĸһԣŻ
ʺǹˣһˣæ˴̫ҽְ˹
ôһϲ
¡ʢʮļעһæµ졣
῿ʼŽֳһӦ񲿺񸮿ʼ῵ǻˡ
ῲȸ·ݴڴ񲿼£̫ŷһӼá
ʺĹڷܿ͵С
һԳŵĿװĸԳ޵״ѿÿȻϵŮǶÿء
˵תͷʵ˵ں֮ǰϲˣǵǲΪúÿϲģ
ôһʣ῵˼Ʈ˵ͬһʱ
ӣӣЦӣȹӴӿ͵ŵӣ緢ӡ
Ȼȥôʱ䣬ȻĿͬ췢顣
ʻŮ׺ʱõ껪ʱ⣬ԭֻ鱾Ŀ
ǰҼÿŮӡ
ӹȥڣн
һֱǡ
꣩
صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ