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ࡢԹࡢ󲻵ÿ࣬ʩػһ붼𣿡Ա˵
ЦʦȻ֪
ԽõĲƵǰ䣬Ԥϵıģްʮĵ˲öģ¾ɱʹ²⵱Ȼòҷ
ͻȻ⣺ʦ˵ʥϡ
ҡҡͷǰŮ磬ǲ֪Σʹأ಻ɽ塣
ҲҲǰ֮˲֪֮£ƶɮȻԽˣһ仰͸ʩǡ
ʦ뽲
֪Թ֪˲֪Υֻܴٳɣ򲻿Ҫ֮ˣΨзҫɡ
ΥҲ˵ױضǻΪŮӵҫĪĸ£Ҳ˵Լ򲻿ɳΪһ֮ĸ
ǷҺƽԸӦһԶԶģо𡣡
Ǽˣػ֮ʱδǰʲô򣬽Ҫʲôȫ컯ȻˣǶ㲻ˣʩԵȡᣬȫ
ﲻˣʦʲô˼
ƶɮѾԶˣԣʩպԻˡ˵վʩ
æ񣬡лʦ
뿪˻£ΧʵСãʦ˵ʲô
䲻˵Լ֮£˵ûţᱻǷӰɣֻú˵˵ԵҲ֪ͷԵ˲࣬ʦȻǶི˼䣬Ҳû
ҡҡͷԵˣҲ̫˰ɣԴʦ˵ĵһ䶼ûҿ㲻ǸٵԵ˰ɡ
ļٵʲôϵҶˣǿɽɡ黹Ǹɰʵ׵ĸԣתƻ⣬˵¡

4  


ɽµļȻ֣߹䣬ͻȻ˺ȥȻơ
ƣ
ֳ
䣬顣
һС̯ǰӹС̯ϰݹ룬ͷЩ⽣Уʵ㣬ǳԹ緹ûУС⽺ܲ
ˣջ˵أС⽾ǰˡ鵹ǲϰ˵⽡
ưԼƵǰȳԡ
СƾѾϰˣӳ
ͻȻĺӣʱѾʮˣڸס˼֮꣬ͳˣھеֵֽʱʱĻ
μʮ巨ˣԴʦľѽˡ˵
ҿɲμӷģǵģµ̽˻£ǰѰˡ
˵ţϰͰѸõ⽶ʱѾˡ
磬ֳǳţȥǱ߿˵žͳһε̯ȥ
ϸһĵͷӸתͻȻһײ˸
ڵ룬ײм£æ˵ꡰǸɽȥˡ
˵һ㶣ֻײķӣ˵ȴŮΪżŮѹ
̧ͷһϤıӰסⲻǸղ̨Ͼͷӵ
һ˲ƺʲôӿ˵ݺԺ
ˣӢá
ǰȹԼǸڽ书ĸߵŮ֪ԭ˺书ʧ
ǱΪ˻ˡ붼û룬ȹֱǰͷ׷ȥ
⼯Ȼ󣬵Ⱥȴǿ˺ԶȴӢõıӰûֻվ
ع񣬷ԼѾܵɽ£ɴѰһƽȵʯͷµơ
˺þãŵȵˡ
ֻŭδ
ôˣ
䣬˵ϲ˭ãҪϲǸ̫ӡղ׵ľ͸һȭ˵ҵҴ·ҶҪôԽ˵Խʹʲôõ·ûУ̫ӾȻ˵Ҵ·䣬·ǰջ˼ҷƵأոңһûȺأ㿴ˡĹĵ˵š
̫ӵʲôճʱûϳң֮ԣڿҺ󣬼̾ͣ£ǸˣԸֱʵʵ˵
Ǹҵۻص֮ǰˣò·Ŵһͻˡ˵ף黹û
˵һ뷨ȻǾøղԼ׷Ӣõʱпܺͳײֻǵһˡ
УԼѵܵ˻һԼٷˡ
ƽһһϴ·ͻȻӦþǰԼŵҪ׷Ƶģֻı⣬·顣
ǣЩ֣ǰ·ʱҲôϲôȴҪӶ·ϡ棬ǶԼռˡ
Ѿϲˣ㲻Ҫ˵·Ǽ򵥣ϲһȥ㲹ǡ
ɴ۾ãϲˣǰ첻ǻΪûӿ𣿡
εҡҡͷ˵ɣƫƫϲֵ˾֪ڴ֮ǰغܶ¶򵥶ˡ
ǹϣӽտʼڿʼңĵŮ䣬ϲˣ磬̸ֳ֤
ЦЦʼ磻úúã˵ʲôã첻ˣɡ
鲢ߵƣ΢̣䲢ȥ
䣬ҺʱҲַܴƵ·
ڿû··ҲǰԳʱģȻƿ˿ڣҲûؾǲȻЦЦգա
Ƹ˵˵
룬ͺáһ룬Ͱ˸һɶ
Ȼص,оķ»ѣڴϾ˯ˡ
һ˯ɫת֮ʱǫˡ
ӣӱػˣʹɾˡо˵žΪ˸򵥵ķ١
֪
ˣǰĵ̧һ룬ֳͭŪһ·٣ͻȻͭͷԼӣȻڶЩӣӲԾһ£ղ˸־ӿ¾ٷˣǰԼϲ̫ãϰߣӽտʼҪʼϰˡ
ǰķŵ͸綼ڵԼԷ˼ᶨⲻΪ׵һ紵ݶǣģⷬﰵʾ̧ʱԶϦĺθˣƯҲˣ紵ͥԺеĻҲˡ
䵽ʹ绹ƶѾˡ
һμϳԷͶŴ翴ñЦˣڿҪպ÷ִ硣ܵǰƤЦɻˣղҿˡҶˣǳԷɡ
ӿЦѽ߻˵һЩģһŹǷŵУ˵ǽȥ˻£濪ˣ
ΪˣСʲôҲζˣѡ˼˵žóǫһͳˣŷ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼЩ˼ֻðԼǸ˳ǲԸĵ˳ȥ
ݲԸ˿ʹŵ㽿ߵ˼ˡ
٩ӴҾ˵ѡʱôƫѡ˸һģΪԼģû뵽ȴǸƵġ
⻰͵͵ЦЦ
ȴл˵ֻܺǺЦ
ǫüͻȻʵ˵̫ˣһܣ˵Ͱ֤˵ϲ̫ˣд£
˿Щؿ䣬ԲҲСˣ˼ˣû֪ΪŮ֮ϲǰָ̫ţ˵ȥ̫ӵϲãôվ˵ϲˣ˱ҿѽǽտ࿡ε˵ϲټһεҪ˵ϲˣЩѽŮ֮ϲĪҪ˵ϲĸˣЦ
ƲƲ죬ټһεģʮֲͬһֱû˭ܱȳ׻ÿˣɣüīĿƷǣͦˣÿΪһƳǼĲԼһıȻоҲûƽ 
һͬģǵܺõһ̨ףȰϲ˵ˣҲƶԼղžٶᡣ
Ǻ֣صĵͷţҲԼЩ⣬Ҳϲ׶ϲкÿĶ
ҡҡͷĪǴ˵ǳһŻ|ĵˣ
ǣҾǣö˵ˡ
һ죬ǫĿһ
Ц˵ջظǱĽ¥Ʒǫпմȥϲʲôʲô䲻ϲÿĶǾͶ
ȻͷҳȥѧʱҲûСˣòϣֻҪСòҪ
ǫҲͷæһӣ壬ʹȥ档
ðǿɲŶֵ֣Ĭִõ档
һΪ

5 


һΪһҲʹǫڶվͽ°ӣ첻׷̲Ѷظ
գմ£žͺԤϵı򿪣ЦЦвžͽݵģǸþûˡ
䡪һͷȴɵŴ죬̾ҡͷ֮Щޡ
ǰһɫۣϵһۣͷ𣬷֬üбɣֻΥֳͣȣ°΢΢̧һüȴ򿪣ߵƬҶű˵ô˶磬տɷСүȥ¥ƣ
ȻЦ䣬üëӢˣ⽿ݵŮĺǲѽ
䡰žһеȣȡǵҶҾλӿСүΰ𣿡
ôһ˵鵹ԼЩڿˣҪѾ֪ǰǰ䣬ֻΪһЩĿСӡ
ҲҲֻǲ֪СҪʲôݣϺõĳк壬˼˶Ϊ˭ҵĹӣ¥еĻƿɶĺܣ۶д˼ҵĹҲǼˣƾðǺã
кѣѵͲǶ͸ѵ𣿡
΢ü·ҲͰˣһ˹ص壬ǲʰɣһҪȢ׵ġ
һ㶣Ц磬˵֮𣿹ãȡ𣿡
ȻӢãУŮװҲ٣Ӧ޷ġ
˵ž壬ؿ˰ɣ߰ɶ硣
壬͹סĸ첲
˾ôţ˵ʲôطʣֵֹܾġ
¥ǵ۶ϺõηܶҵӶﶨƶеƷҲкܶԼҹΡ
ڴ˴ĺܶ඼ǹҵɾӡ
һŴ۾ƼѦһ
ѦѦ֮ŮݹֶŮݹȻʺȥ̫ӡ
СǽԣҲͰˣȴͬԼһԳŪ˾֪ΪԼ̫ѡŹŮܿۡ
ѦҲǰ׳谮ĲڵǻȻʢѦ
Ŵʱ䰮Ľ̫֪ǵѦ֮ǰĻϾԹֻѼǲ嵱ʱǺˡ
ǲԸӦôˣڽմװ˵׼Ѧ۸ڶϲ
ƫƫôɣѦƫ߶࿴ۣ˵㣬ʲôѽѦתҪߣ̾סӣôװΪϲ𣿻鲻Ҽң֪СĽ̫ӵģҲԼＸ͸̫ӣ˵ˣҺ̫ӿǴСһ𳤴֣ȵأ
˿Ѧִƣȴ飬ֺ֪ĸ̸˵ȥˣ˵ء
ɲǰ׹ϵӣǵȻ˵Ѧ˵ǣϴλһȥͷúõ롣СŮ嵭ʫûܱȵӵģ򲻸촢ģѦׯ󷽣ֺ̫÷䡣
ôһ˵Ѧ񵹲֪˵ʲôˣȻˣҲǸʶʱСӣĶЩɫҲ˲٣ߣû뵽С㣬ͦЩ֪֮ġ
ɿɲ¥Ѧִٳ˱˵Ц
ǰҲ֪ĸϢȻ˵ҰĽ̫ӣ»÷ˡ
˵⣬⣬Ѧԣ˹У´伸ۣǰʵСĪǺعӡ
һֱ£Լ֣п࣬޲ðԼͷԼ죬˵ʲô÷ˣºˣҪǲϣѦָҪԼĽľǺˣֻÿЦŵͷ
ôСôһ飿ǲʲôѴ
ţ⡭ѦҲ̫ԼϷ˰ɣԼЦı̫ԣһ۾Ϳʲôߡ
˶㶢ԼѦǹеӽס˲ˣתŸҴʱѦҲˡ
ţǵ
ðɺðɣžͺˡ
Ѧ⻰򣬿ͬˣ˵ԼųĴϢΪľǰԧ죬ôǴˣͬĿۣҪѽѽ㸸˽޸̫ӵ˼ԼһЭѽ
ʵ벻ףѦôôΪأԼɶҲû˵ѽþͰѵʸ̫ӵˡ
вУѻ˵ۣٺˡ
мĿѦͷ˵Ѧ˵ǡ
ţ仰Ӧû˰ɡ
šѦǺܰԵһΪԼ˸Уٳһ׮ԵǼˡ
鲢ǱʲôĹӰס˽ţ׽ס𻰣˻˵һͿѦһ˵ʲôжɵĵ
˭֪ߵǰǵĶԻѦ˲֪˵ʲôĽ¥ǰ˴붼ˡ
Һã˵䣬׾ó»Χ˶ˣĻȴ˸С
ʱҲ𾪲ѣ˵֪СðĽ̫ǸСϲƲȥҲĪСϲƣֻǲ˵ôõİ޸ܷģƵĻûʲôõĵˣ뵽⣬鵹һ
ܿԼˣԵ̫ӿ϶Ҳˣ֪̫ӵ¶Ѧⷬ᲻⣬Լĸ׿ǵûʲôʸ֮⡣
̫ӵɫȴģɫڡ
ײֻˣǱ⼸仰ζӳ£ۣ֮ͥҲֻѹܣƽԼ顣
̫ӣСʵ
׽ֱת壬ҧ˵Եһ÷ɡ
⡭ЩΪѣ˸ոһ͵˹Ůӵ̸ȴҪһԷΣϾ̫ƴǣδҲ̫̫˰ɣСø˵˲Ľ̫ӣԼҪ˵һ÷ǿ̫ѽǰˣɵ
̫Ȼǲʤҡֻù
ãȻˣСãһɡʵǿƲסǰģԼ֣ǸҲϲߣһҪ޸ԼģԼ󶼱ˣʵ벻ס
鿴úѦ˶¥¥ݣһ䡣
էһͷȻԵǳףӡ䡱һըˣʵһоԼ嶼סˣֱжʱתǧͷģģ˿˿
񣬾ֺһ䡣
һǵûع񣬸鲻ʱ¥һۿžҪֱֱˤ¥ݡ
ֻöˣû뵽һó׿ԼЦ
ȴûԤ֮еʹ
ϤζϤľΥһٱȴǽеļӵμסˡ
䣬û°ɡ
ϤȴĿ𣬶ѯʣһ˲䣬䲻֪ãۿ
̧ۿףһϣܿսʤУһƿףһĻ
磬û¡£ϸϸĲ鿴û
ȴԭأƿƣþûز
лҪ˵ףд̣

6  װ


Сû°ɣѦҲʵ䣬۾ȴǳס
̫Ӹ磬ô¥ˣ
ôˣΪͼʱ̹עһһ
Ŷ㿴׷ܵ˵ţȴһ̶뿪䡣
׵ıʵ̫ԣѦĹĵĺ̫Ӹ磬һֱʲô
ѦôһʱһʶԼǲֳܱʵģֻΪ»
ҲЩףײ谮Ѧ˾ǰȥѦ񣬿ԼʲôĪǾþԼҪָлɡ
лںôҲ˵ۼѦҪԼı飬ɴͷһᣬһӾ͵黳װΡ
׼ˣæǰ鿴ȴǽһֵ˻ȥ
̫ӵ£лղžãŮܲףǱΪãԭҲһ˭֪˿ߣ͵͵סѣ׹ԼװΡ
ϳļú÷ŻˣûظϢ̫ӵ£Ͳһ÷ˡ
鰵ҧԼþڶѦ̫ӣͻȻװλǲŻ
ȻǸ𡣡׼Ҳپ
ȴ𼱻ˣ»˸񣬳»̾ӵ˼
鱧ȥ伷۾͵͵Ž¥ˣֻѦæǰߴߴ˵ɵһͷĻС
ĲɵӦ䣬ֱѦ¥Ʒ
һʹ黳
䣬ΪװΣ֪࣬ŵˡ
ѽ磬û̫ӺѦһǺοﰭ¡
ҲװѽǲԸദΪȻа취
ƲƲ죬ʲôӣװǻҪ̫һ÷
һʱƿԣȴȻ
ͷôˣʳ
ɾĻΧ˺ܶ࣬С쳤˲ӿ˿ǰͷֻǰͷֵ˶࣬ǳ֣ʵڲ֪ʲô
ͷ˵͸͸ɣҲȥմ֡
µĵطȥû߽ǰͷŮЪ˹Ŀ
ԵһŮӣСӣô£
˵Ҳ֪˭ĴأһŮӴ˵ɾǵĶɾȴ˵ûУֲء
лСӣ̽ȥ
ⲻҪһǾϲɾˣŮװӢá
Ӣֲƹ磬¿϶ίģˣõĶǿӢúۣѲ
һӾվӢߣŮӣ˵ɾʲô˵žʹӺɰһǰ㻹ӣˣͲԼĺѧȥ
ڵϵӢӵ֣æȥǶӣƱǷȥӣȴֲˣȻλɾˣҲͰˡ
ߣ䲻ٶԣĵ񣬶˵档ӢþǱȥ
һԵһ£Լöһİ˵һװʵǸŮӣλ֮ͥæߵ
磬ʲô
㵱ǻ|ĵģ˵ûһҪ̫Ӻƽˡ
俴һӢ˵ӢͻȻЦ磬ҲŮװġ
Ӣÿһ䣬ϳҲŮװҾлСС»ôǮֻɬɷ֪סҸһ黹
á˵꣬Ȼʶ⵱һûᣬæĿڣȻҪˣӢõļ򣬿װһհɡ
ʦɽȷʵЩ书
ƲƲ죬Щ书ǫĺţǰӢõǶϷġ
ЩҪ书˴Э㲻ûˣѿɺã
Ӣú˶סˡ
ּˣôһ·ҲѣӢǶĺˬøУǸƢˡ
һӢ˵㲻ŮҪҳ
ȫʺţԵ̫ˣоԼȻԼãʲôط̫һˡ
һϳӢе
ǺӢγƺ
Ӣá
ӢУһֱύĽˣ̫ˣô˵۶֪ģӢò۶ǲᱻ˺书ʧġ
ʦ壬һѾû䣬ʦѸߣʦ壬ɽѰˣǻҪʦһġ
ǣʦŮ귽Σл񣿡ԭӢ˲ĵ۶ǰ˼ȫڳϣûʹӢΪ۶
ûСӢüʶȷʵ룬ʦֻ˵ʦкƣܿ϶һֱڵ۶뿪ʹҲġ
⡭Ҳͷ۶ôãã˺ôأھЩ̣Ҫô֪Ůȫ޵ڴ룬ֻǿӢįɫϱӶԼĶ飬ܶҲҪ
ӲΪҵ̫ġӢÿЩΪѵ˵
û£һ㣬ҡˣʦӦҲһŵ书İɡ
Ӣõͷ
ǾͺðˣŸɵ书жܻ֮ҵġһӿ,ϸϸ룬ԣҴ磬Ҵ̲ɣҿҪԱ¼
ӢһҲϲüң̫ллˡ
Ӣͱҿˡ俴ŶԷͷһʵһ;رͶԵоʶ˺ܾһ
ӢһЦ˵˵ҲǣҲоʶ
æȴȻ㲻סҸûнãֳֻ˵ȥҲʵģֻ㲻ٷҿջˣиطŰˣĽˣʦϢҪܲء
Ӣԥһᣬֱĸ첲ҡҡţòã
ðɡ
ѽѽ̫ˡ˵Ҫվ˭ȴײϡ
˹Ц
ӢþöСӸУЦԼҲԾĿезͳͳжˡ
ظĵһ¾ŸӢðסŮȥź򣬵Ӣûؾˣ˵ǲϰչˣҲûټ֡
֮׼һӺóԵģ˳ȥ
˳Ա㣬̸ĴӢõķ˸Լһ¡
ţǾ˷ӣָıӢõ켣Ҫı丸׺͸Ҳʲô
Ҫطͱסˡ
䣬ôõϸвסѽ
磬Ӣÿɲǵϸˣĵϸҿء
ֿʼðʺţѵǸʶϸˣ
䵱治֪ôͶͣѲֱ˵Լֻ˵ҪңӽֻҪҾ͹ˡ
֪СõƢ˵ôҲʲȻģüëһͻȻʵĶ⣿
лҪ˵飺Դϳʺŵһ죬̫ˡ

7   ֹ


һӷӦ͵ҺѦĶԻ
̧°͵ͷ
ѽ侪һҲͰˣǵʱ׾ڶߣ϶Ҳġ
ԣȵȣ룺Ѳ̫Ǵⲻϲģ񲻸պãΪʲôһӦȴˣ񷸴Լһ
ôһ룬ͦͦ˵Ϊ˷ѦҲ֪Ǹ|ĵģɲͰ˵
ȴһƶӣȴǲ֪֪ףҪ˼ȥ˵˵
һۣɱ˵ǰֳˣǺ֪
Сã顣
ǫ߽ţһ飬ֻϻ͵СãҺл˵ȥ
šߵ⣬ǫ͹˷šͻȻ£͵͵ſڴܱ͵ 
ǫѵ˵ʲôƵֲǲ֪
ǡ
ԣǫס˻ͷ֪˵ˡ
֮ȥˣʲôҲˡ
ʲôأɻϸϸ룬ǰʼû˵ƵһֱΪѹʺѵĶӣôƵ򵥡
ڶգһӢãȴտյġҲǣ˿϶вסġ
ЩȤ˳ժһƬҶ߷ţͿƴ
ֳ
΢üͷڿȾЦ⣬տܿġ
ǣҽȻġ
ѽѲ֪ʲôϸĽŮˡ߹಻
ӢòŲǻˡ̾ͽĹϡ
æ˵ȻǾҪ飬ҽҪġ
⻰ĹȻЧʵʲô£
ȸ²鵽һЩüĿ֮صʿ¿ܲ򵥣һ˿Ӧˣܺһȥ𣿡 üɫѹסĽ
ݣһͻȻľ
ǰǰѰˣֻһ˻ˡҲǴʱʼ̫ӵ̬ȿʼת䡣
ڳһᱣ´²ˣΪ飬ƹܱ䣬һȫھϣԳгʮֹʡ
ԴӶ֮󣬾Уǰһֱ˼⣬ֱ˴ţ֪Ѧ֮֡
Ѧ̫һԼ֮ӣô׾ģض̫ӵ⣬ѦŸɱ磬ǳΪλɱ磬ʼղ֪ѹָֻѡˡ
粻ȥͻȻ
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˵ǰҲЩŮеһԱ֪Уе֦ǵãڵһı֦Ҷ
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ȻȴˣϵһжԤϡ

10 (2)


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лҪ˵褣ӣɾúÿӰÿ

11 (3)


ǫͷ䲻ĺͶԼӰķײһ
褵Ҫһ㣬̾ͺա
ǫҲЩ˼תϡ
件ܹȥĸ첲˵磬ɷȥ磿
ΪǫԥƬ̣ԵС˽䣬ַԸǣȥá
æԷ˵褣ͬһɡ
褽ߵĿһϵǫߵŮʹ˸ɫŮܵҳ˵仰ˡ
ѿǫһߵλ˷褺ŮԼоӢһߡ
͵͵Ĺ۲ŷ褣ֻʱʱĴ⿴
ɴ˵Ƽҿȣѳɡ
ƼЩƣԼģѯʵĿһ۷褣Լͷʹ˳
͵ЦбſŴǫ˵磬һ֡
ǫתͷ˵ǰǹ㲻ӣҼҸ
ҽӣҼ壬ͳһ֡˵꿴ŷ褵ƤһЦ˵ˡ磬ϲһˡ
ôһ˵ǫȻƮ˷褵ϡ
֮۵Ⱦů⡣
֪ԼҴ磬Ǹ֮ˣƽ·϶ĿбӵģȻᶢűСӿһֱôܷ褵ء
˳Ŵ߿褣ǰСģüɨһ˫Ŀ˼Ķǰӵߣ촽䣬ûС
ѽûʲôϷ褵Ļ룬һ̰壬һɬ²ܿۡǲǻЩʲô
Ѿ͸ˣ̧ͷֻҡҡͷûˡ
ͷԼҴ磬ԣǫҲЩȻ
ţϷ
磬վͱȥˣȥΣ˵ļСӣõƸҶɩɩһ׮£
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˼Ƭ̣˵ȻѾȥˣһմ֣ȥȥһ֡˵꣬һתͷȥ˹ķ
ʱѾеݽϡ
һͬ뽭ϵ̨ͤſӭǣİٻ̲ɵӣǿ˽ȥ
ͨС·Ϲ˸ɫŵֽƣ̨߶͵ӣÿǰţһֱڵſڡ
˸۵ĵطˣǰѡǰŵλãֻ֡
ʱ˵Ĳ磬Żʺ֪ԭһʱҲЩС
ĴѵɾǴ󶼰λϵȴ
Լߵ褣ٿԼұҪĴ磬һקǫԼλϣӢõ˵磬褣ͻȻۣӢҡˣоƼȥ̽һ̽˼ӵĲա
˵ŶоһټüŪۣղŽŵʱѾĵĶо˵Ҫ褺ʹ磬оĶƼ˵ԣǸϿȥɡ
ĸһ˲ȫˣֻǫͷ褡
ǫнп࣬õĿģǲ̫֮ˣ᲻ŵ˼Сӡ
ԳֻԼýӴǫŷһ仰˵
˳Ĭ˺һᣬǷڣɣɷСŮӽ참еȤ£
ţѽ
Ӣ£˳ժһƬҶţӢã԰ƺֵͦģȥѽ
Ӣ˵ȷԼԧף
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԰ȥ˭Ҳ⣬̨һ˫۾һգգĶǡ
̨Ϊʼ׾׼ģһȫ͵ˣ԰۾û뿪
ֻЩɻ󣬼ǵýİӦôŻĽ˿廨֯ͷβҡǰŵλϡ
ֻѩȹȫޣ۵Ľˣֱڴ֮ͥߡ
Ѧ˵ϲƣᣬû뵽ֿͬ
ѪסһӾӿ
Сź׵ĳ»֪ʱ̫Ȼƽʵھ١
˳ų׵񿴹ȥʶڡ
쳣ϡ棬֮ǰҲûԼӶģͻȻôˣǳ˼Ҷ·ֱĶˣԼ˶ˡ
£԰֣ǲȥƣǸԼһܽӽӵĽڡ
˭ϳһȥ
лҪ˵ףȥȥͲȥǸż̫ӣ˫ֲipg

12 (4)


ˣһֱǱСϸŰĽԼôܵȥֺñˡ
ȥ
ɴ࿴ҲҪ¸̨һۣ̲סƺһ
Ը˵صĹ˾أ£ūһ߸һапࡣ
̨󣬱ǹǸ̨׼ĵططСڷŵȴ٣һЩͨߵһ澶˵ǵ̫ˡ
Ҳ˰ɣ˭ϵһյ̫ӵôֱֱײϡ
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ζӳ£һ̫ˣҲһζ
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̧ͷһ۵ײһ
ǳ׵ıܣӣμӵ᲻٣ʶġ
СӣôƤЦʵ
ԼĻ˺ȻͻȻóһѹѦĻϡ
㲻ΪѦСӻͰĳЩñѹӣ׬˵͸ҶѹѦӣ֮ŮݹֶŮ̫Ĳѡ
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һֱԶĬĬĳͻȻȾЦ
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ǾӶڲ֣Ҳ׬СǮòô󶯸ɸģɢɢŶ۶˻֡
ԵҲˣòУǵﲻˣ־͹ˣ;ͲˣǺɢˡ
վ˵С㿴ⶰ¥ҳµģԼǰСкβɣ֪㰮Ľ̫Ӹ磬ǲҶѦ㲻ˣҺ£Ļ죬ҸԼ̫ӸΣ
ʲôãĽ̫¸˾֪ͲˣҲѹǰ̫ģ˺ܶɵ£ʵʱڱ׵Լ
м±Ҫ壬̫ӣû˼˵ҺҵĻûţ
վԱС̵ĳ˵⻰ƴͷűˮȷŵĲӣھ˵ѲĽԼˡ
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˿ûзһҪӢþ׵ײԼС
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ǰ𺣬̲סһ
̫Ϥˣǰĳ׾üԣ롣
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е㲻ףɻ˵磬ڸʲô

13 (5)


ͻȻ֮ѹѽڸʲôڴ֮ͥڸʲô
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ǰţǰģ˺뿿ʱҲһµԣղԼʲô
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һųǵҪ߽ԼҪ
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ģ׿Цۣ㿴ǿĵ𣿡
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ʱദǢ˵ʲôЦţ΢һЩ
ղΪͻȻ֣ʵЩˣ飬Լ뵽ǰڶĺܶ飬Щ²룬һۣۣĿһֱӵ֫ٺۡ
Ӷ԰·ϣӢ˭ʵ˵ˣӢúǳԾ˵Ȼʶݵˡ
ֻǿЦʶ粻ʶ
ǫûˣÿмλãʵôȥôãоƼͻˣҪҪӵĲգҲи׼
ˣһֵңͼ򵥱Աԡ
ӢãĿĴϵ龰ʼûԼ۶˵Ŀġ
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ϸƣûٷʲôرģ֪ʹе˼򵥵٣ʺߵ˻书ӦҲʲôϡ¡
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ԵĹ¹ùøæ˵ĶŮ䡣
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ǰϰƬҶĴһ˼ͬģ˿඼С
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չ¦ϫ¶ÿףѦλӶף˲Ҳõ˵
褵ãҲǰʮĺóɼ
죬ǿˣ死һҲ⣬ѹһʼûбԼ뷽跨ȥ˰ٻ½Ǹֵġ
ʹĲģҲõ˵
ԭİ㡣
ǵģԭ㣬磬֮ҵɾظԼСӵİĽ֮⡣
һʱ䣬ǰ˵ý˰ѱ鸮ż̤ˣ׵ﲻ
ǰûģͷѦ¦ϫ̫ӵؾʱû˾̫ѡȻѦģ졣
ڲͬˡ
»һʱ򣬳׳ĬΣֻ˵һ䣺šį
ҹһҹ
ҹҲһҹ
ҹţѪ
лҪ˵ףף˱̫ӣ˭Ҵ˭ȣ

14  


ŵīһƺ󣬻æ˸
εѾСһţȥͨǫȥҩ˹ī£һš
е䱻ѣ΢΢üһ۲ԺԼһ˯ʵо
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ΪԼֹ磬ƲŻ˲϶룬ͳƵԺ䡣
ſڣǫ鶼š
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Ҫ鷿ͻȻʵʲô
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սǰͰҹˣӳҹչ˵˵ˣ˭ϳ»˺Ϊѣ֪²򵥡
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15 


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Ϳ͡
лҪ˵ףԣҲ̸ػģ
ԣŮģ룬һǹصģ¿ǳκʮǧҲò
ףԣ㡭
ԣʩΪ֮
ף׷·⡭
̫ԵĶԻʷǡԽҡ͹ŴʣԸĶϴ

16 


˯˺ü죬ƾԼƺһЩˣҪ´һؿǣŻޱʹ߹ǶǶˣӦûкصĵˣһʹ̣˵ϰ֮ˣС綼ˡ  
һܣ֪ΪûʧǸпԼЦһŴС귢
ſڼŮ̸
ǿС⼸Ϊչɾ˺öء 
أӻڰҩء
ӰĽɾˣ
⻹𣿿϶ˡ

ţ֮Щţհ㿪ԼվĻʵЩ׽尢˼
֪Լڰлλõġ
̸ͻȻͣˣ˽ʶı۾
ŮƮĳȹһЩʪ⣬дµ˿£һŮϵϤζ΢΢˶ë࣬޷ټװƽ۾
ƺûϵͻȻѣ㶵һ
Ƶ䣬ǰˣ֪˿̸˵ЩʲôָЩʲôԼ˵ˣǰŮӻ뿪
ֳоЩ𣿡˹ҩ룬ιҩ
ƺϣۣӳڴϹɵĵš
¶ȣһһ׵ι
ˣסǸ䵱Űĺø磬ʼնûнԼãгһΪƽԩѩﳼ֮ӣܴ󷽷ıļˡ
Ϊ֪ԼݣԴӲأ֪ǸղЩŮǵ̸ѹѾõ㺾ƵķԼӣιҩӦþܾģȴԼһΡ
ϣҩȪˮһɺԣԶι꣬ܺͰһֱشһˡ
ҩܿιˣվ⼸ûߣھȥΪ鿴ơ
һᣬǫжˣ˵ָĲҲһ
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ƿһ䣬Ƕ˰㣬Һû㣬ȥˣ˵Ƕزˡ
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Ҳߴ٣˵
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ǫʵ֮ҵ
ûУҵһ̽˭ϰҹٿⱻ˷֣ŻǱ
ƴǰļ򣺡ȱô࣬¾ͽҺʹ磬ҪľǺúˡ
ǰ֮Ѧɱ˶磬֪֮ûйϵƾ޾ݣκκĻɣȻóȻ˵ڡ
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죬ȥЩҩģ˱Լͬȥ
ЩǵĿ˵
⼸˵һϡ£ֳЩСӡǰգһСҹǱ续󣬵ڶչµķĻģ㲻ǻʺ͹նѡûĵĲ飬Ϣȴһ͸˳
Ӣһ˵˷иҹӶˣҾ˵ôղſڶ˺Щü۵ˣԭԭ򡣡
Цֻ͵֮ʵڿЦɲˣ󷽷ǰױǣΪҪ͵͵֮£Īݵ΢ףԼԲų²ߣ
뵽⣬ͻȻͬԼǰ׵ĻûʮҲоŷˣ˵ļ̌УĽˣȴû̵ʲô³
˿ҲǸͬԼһĿˡ
ɣ֮£ͬ˭ܰĽ˭ģһʮϲһֱѦ񣬶ԼƽȨĹߣǰһ˲Ų͸ʵЩ
һŻȥУֻϣ罫֮߸ҵԼˡ
˱㶪ˣһŻˡ褣Ҫȥһҩ˲ΣͬȥȲĲϣ
˵䣬˲οǸɾģ⼸տ˵ɾĺ½㶼֪ҹΪء
俴һӢãʵʲô½ô֪
Ӣ̾һ⼸ѽ̸Ŀ¾ˣΪ㶼֪ģҲͬЩŮһǺ䡣
Ӣãɱ˵Ҷ԰ֳûǸ˼
ûǸ˼Լ嶼ˣżճҹչˣ߲ݣԼҩιҩ˵ûǸ˼һ˶Ǹ˼Ӣֱ㶵˵
ǣҡ
䵱ԩúܣĴΣȫΪԼûÿһ˿ڶԼĴȻϣܺɣ޷˵־Ҳʼδġ
Ұ׸磬ѽǴ绹Ƕ磬ҿ϶Ҳչ˵ġ
˼Ƭ˵վûѪԵϵȻ⣬ǧҪɾźá
˵öԣһעġƸʱĿԼ飬ԼӦҪעˡ
ҩſڣϵ˵ܿꡣ
һ³ҩϰӭ˿ӣ
ϸϰһۣȷʶˣǣ֪ƹĺ£
ŶŶϺõİ˲һţרΪӱء˵žͰ׼õ˲˳
֪Ҫ˲Σ俴һƹд򿪵ĺӣ˲οá
ƹЦˣҵûôõ˲Σǲһǰ͹ġ
Ǹôӵˣ
װ磬˲Ǹģʲôࡣ
˼Ƭ̣ԸС˽˲óһӵݸƹģƹļȻˣ´ʱӽ
˵ֱӾƹ󺰣Ҫ˲ΣҲʶ
ûƹģԸ뿪
룬Ī͵ԼľǴˣ˵ݵЩˣȴ֪ԼҪ˲ΣҲ˵ԼƵĴţ˵ˣΪԼ˲ΣҲ˾ӡ
ƹӣ˱ضطҩ̣ȷԼǲ˲ΣǷ˭飬˲ξԼġ
ֵ˷褾˵ĳׯŵŮƹһǾӭһһǺأԭˡ
ƹΪ˵
ղ˸ˣ˺ЩϵȵĽ˿˵һλСӻҺ·                    
лҪ˵һ½ǰ

17  


ҩʱ褲û֪ʲôƹ˵ʵƹˣ˵Ĳֹء
Ůƹӣ´伸˵Ըˣ˵һλ٣ްٺȹɲλ
褺ӢõһӾϣɲƹ˵һû
ǸװĳУ
˻˲εһˡ
˭Ůƹ˵ǣǸӣźǰ׾
ǲӵܣ褼ʵ
Ůƹ΢üͷСĵĻش𣺡ƺͶġ
Ӣõ֪㶨ΪǰĽеһˣҲΪġ֪ǽջᵽʵף۶ôĳׯô֪ǲȥĵֻ̣ǵӣ֪˽ãҵ̵ˣ֪ǽյ·ߣǰѳõǱ˸ˡ
߽ÿڵѪЩΪС
Ϊ˺ǣֻӸˡ
褻Ȼ̵٩˼Ȼϣϲģ˵ˡ
ԭ𡣡Ůƹ϶ЦλӿôЩķҾ飬һ֪Щ˿Ϻõģǿѡһ£ѡūҸ
ȴԭأǰ˼ûиͷ˵ѽҵҪʲôӵĽУοռĸء
褸˵ӣʵڲľܾǸ˽ȥ
һǳɫƽȥ
ݳ俴Žзѡ˵ǲǶϲȡᣬҿѽҪͶѡˡ
ӢÿӣʵӲЩ𣿡
̧Ӣõͷ
ȷʵⱲӣپ鰮Уλͳеˣĵģܡ
һЩ˼˵㿴ҾſЩƯĽˣû㲢Ը⡣䣬Ȼ㲢ɾȢҹô࣬ҲûһģҿΪģ㲻翼һ£
ǰڹĽмĶˣȻϡ褴û˫ҲĸŮӲأҲ֪ΪԼǣһѾ˹Ĵ㡣
褣ѡеƽ͵͸ҾͲѡˡȻߵƹǰóӸ褵ĽǮңûϲġƹټͽе鷳Ҹ˵ˣһܵġ
褵סƹ֣ӷŻУȻ㲻ܣ̨ܲأҲҪˣһ·Ҳȥ
λԣӢ޳ɣӣҪȥĳׯƣӢЦ˵
ͷһЦá
ȥˣٿЩѵһϺýУׯŮƹҡҡͷһ׮ĺ¡
Ȼߺ󣬾λƹȻһһʮ˵ˡ
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Ϣŭ
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ǻʺٳӦź˼԰ͤϢԶԶͼһŮӴʲôȹϣһԵŮӲţۿ˶ĻЩ棬ŻԶһߡ
ɫ͸֦ں޵ĻϣӳŮӵϣƤ͸ЩΣһ鷢ţʱʱһĨΡ
ͷȹϵգëƤЩż
˵һҪƷأܹҲû׼Ҵһ
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ϸܵЦǴȶˣ
Ѿͷ㶼֪ҵŮҪ빬ģˣҰĽԼķкβɡ
оӸˡ
˺ˣҲû뵽˾ƣҿҲˣǽȥɣء
ʱĳ׿ȥıӰЩ⣬СӦþĶŮˣ۹⣬ᶨҪúõơ
һжͬգĿ׿ǰľƱЦصϼоҲŲˡ
ԭȢİ֮ˣʮֻϲ֮ȫʼδ̫Ҳݹͻʺж΢԰һЩڱ԰ʹӣǱģǹ򷣡㡣Լ޷ʺݹֻԶ䣬ŹĺһЩ
֪𳭾ġ򷣡㣬䵭ҪģĻ壬ȴġ
ΪȵϴλƿһУܰԼԼ㲻㣬δա
ǾٱԽԽ࣬˵ЩЩĽԼģϰĽԼĻǿԼ¶ͳͳһ̽У޷̡
ž⣬ȻṦһ·߱ǰɵԺС
Ż˳»æ书ǿԼһ·棬Լҵʲô˵飬ǲݶҵˣ˰ţǶڸָ                      
лҪ˵»ҵС࣬Ϊʲôĥؿjpg

18 


Ժ䣬ѾϨķ䣬þò»ǰţֵҹɫŵΪϴ멡
»ԺӵĶϽǣЩ̳ӣȡһ̳
»ЩƣǵõǵһԺӣô֪Ժž̳ӣλһһԵ̬ȣڳһ̳ơ
Щȵ̳˵žʹ򿪾̳ˬ
˳ź£ʪ·ȵе㼱Ǻ˼ڣ»æǰı
Ű֮£˯òܰȵ䣬ƺжδ룬Ժбľ֦࣬ҶҲƽȴΣ˯ȫޡ
û𣬼˼˷š
ȻΣԺеʯ϶¡
ڽĳ׺ͳ»ϢδƽղҪǶʱѾͱˡ
ԶԶһͷڷɢڼͷɫ£̧ҹɫеĲ£
̧ͷҹգһͬ¡
ģаٻһӦȴ泩֮ǲס
һСҹ̫ڳȵĽ䴦ҷκ죬¾֮ˣŵ
»Ťбӣž̳ӣϣܻת⣬ԼҲٳЩ̫࣬Բˡ
ڵȵ˷䣬»һ̫ǷعȴԼӣǸոձϵķû˿Ҫߵ˼
ص̾Ϣù̳һԶﵹ˲Űݡ
صĳŨ˯˸ڵءԺгɨŮѡ
˵ԺҹڶϽµĹ𱻷˳
𻨾һ¶࣬˻ŵĹ𡣴·ԺУű¶ļ̳ӣʱ
˵һ࣬ҲĸͷˣĻ
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ǡ
ȥƵƣߵſھͿӷ߳
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žӶùˣǡýᣬұһͬȥҲɢɢġ
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˵žȥ߱Ŷǲˣһģ
ӣεһЦ
ͥ羲磬˾ͥʫ˴󷢣磬ӹĻѣǱŮ
ŮһͻҲ¡
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ЦŴǣӢȥˣŲȥʲôᡣ
ѾͷΣҵСˣʱ򲻵òԲ
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鿴һۣվӦЩţ˭֪ǡײϡ
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ɾɷ񵽳һ𡣡ʵЩ棬ʲôرģֵ̫ӡ
˵꣬Ŷ治ԶȻ
뿴ȥڵҲ̽ͷһ۾Ϳ䣬СװúͬЩ档
һͿкܶڵ˴һ˳˺ţϾ͵۶ˣоˡ
ƺһ仰ĪħһȺһɧ˷ſȥ  
ŵĽʿ̲ǵ·ƣ˭֪Щ˶ʲôûУûһᣬ۶ű㱻Χס
ܵ񾭹ʱ֪ʲô۾ӸҲȻԭأ
æ鿴ƣԳϵ˵ڳڵɾǲóˣᶨ첻ˣڳſ˻ңǸϽȻظ
أ
ѧʱȥݣЩݿ
ƱĿ˵̽⿴һ۳ſڵЩǺӵˮйϵһʱ֪ǱЩΪˮûʲôʳȻ뵽ƣֻû뵽ɽˮߵ۶
Ŷɾ˵Ŀģ˵֪͢Ѿʳ֪һ£Ҿǰòҹڳ۹ж෽в롣
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ƺһۣղ֪мһ¡
תƻ⣺֪ɾǷҲҪسǣɷҵСˣšС˽ͷǵ۾ˣ޷·
ѿһ䣬С˿϶ʲôĵطҪȻҲĶɾģȻ
һ飺磬Ҳͬһظ
ЩǴģ˵ǰĲ׵ģ˳йأöС
磿ʵǸĽ̫ӵСӣ
ңѾϲˣɾĪҪ¡Σ֪ԼҪ˽¡
ôеȣһ۳ſڵ񣬡ųŵУҲŵģɾǰȥпһȥ鲻˾Ͳˡе۶ر֡
ңһװ䣬װһϧӣҡҡһɫȣ˵Сӵ㣬ֽվͱȥˡ
ɾ˵öԣǰȥ鲻С˾ͲˡһԵƽŶѵĻ˵ǿд̽
ֻж˵˼ôҵǲӦãˣͶɾǻˡ
֮ҡеһȣЩɧƦһ˦ۣ                    
лҪ˵ʫȡĹԹ

19  


ڶǫ糯㼱ĳȥѯһ¡
½ܽҲ죬ҪԸͬһ𡣡
һ˵ʲôһ𣿵˵δãҪŻ𣿴ôöһ鰸
뷽跨Զ̰īͻԼļƻ
ǵǰ۶ֹôͻȻ֣ôǾҪסġ
Сã±·ԸأԼˣǧ򲻿˵ˡ
ĵǫĵȴǻʵˣȥ£һʱһʱɡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôˣ磬ҪĽ¼أǲǶˣôӢý
䣬¼Ѿˣվ͸㣬ֻڵ֪סڸϣҪǵôɡ
Ǻٻظڱȥ˽ܷĽۡӡ
ҲҪӢʲôˣ㣬ǫȱæŲʲôˣҪڸаٻ磬ҡ
СӾǶԼֱˣˣʵ벻ףһ鰸˵Ӣõ£Ӧöôɡ
Сãѽ
Ұٻ羿Ϊ˭æ㡭㻹£
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ǫһͷˮͬٻкθϵ䣬ˣȰðᣬٰ참Σ
ǫôһ˵ԼЩȡˣֲ֪Ϊ¡
磬æģٻϯͺá
ǫıͷһΣãСġ˵ļ򣬡飬л˵
䣬ԼСʲôȡֵˣ϶Եɡ
ǫǶ䣬˵飬˽͵͵ãȰٻһȥݲ̽
εİٻ磬ԭֻ˼ԸģΪľǫͷиӴĺûᣬ˭֪Ϣ֪ô۶УҪǰμӡ
ֱǫǫӣҲƾܣֻһӣֻðⳡֻʮ˵С磬۶ɾӵİٻ硣
ŸɾӶҪǰǫԲٰúúæ˼죬˸ͣ
ԭǵŵᣬϲ龰
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ɬһԵӣǫҲһԵŮӣò΢Ц俴ĳ˲ܾԼ顣
ȥѽңҾܺѽϢһ¾ȥǰԺǡ
䣬Լ𣿡
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ôһ˵˵˵ʲôˡ
䣬úϢһ£ģһչ˺÷Сӵġ
䡣褿һǫһɾġ
䲻ͷĻӻ֣߰߰ɡ
ˣһ˵Ϊ˴ԼѺʹ磬ǸֲģԼˡ
ղݵ̫У˵ˡ
ЬѾ׵ĽȻۣȴǸ˵ģܳȫһ׮ԵԼҲֵá
һŽһ߸мԼүĶʱҵͻȻˡ
ֻһӲӽϸţ⿴ۣת
ĿԵһɲǣ˶ˡ
ʶľһţȹβסŵĽţǰʮ־ʵ̫̫ӵ£ô

20 


ƼǰŮӾȻԼ˼ĺ֮ˣЩ񣬸ǰֿǾԶ飬ӾŲˡ
ңЩ·ˡ
˵ˣ˵ĺܲ˵Ҫȥμİٻ磬ľ̲ˡ
ְ̫ӵݣԼҺͬȥҲ˳ˮ۵ĴӦˡ
ͻȻûǰ֪µ͵ֵܿĵطûϳ
һͿʼ䣬ԶԶҲã˭һֱûĴҡ
İǰҲأ˵·ǻѻΪνңǡҵ˴ͻȻμɾ·ע⣬Ͷ˽
⡣
Ľֳϵʮ־ϲ
һӾע⵽ƣСôˣͰѰг˿ڡ
˫۽Ȧסϥǣ˶̫ʦϣȶЩţûûʲô
ǰŮӷ˿ֱֱȹβһ˫峺۾ԼϤµ飬ʱͷһ
ղŰŵĶǿģ˵ĵطӦǽţһŮô¶ء
Ű䣬ôԼ˹ȥǰ
쵽Ⱥβ£ץסֻŵĽš
ʹ˻һ
Ūˣ
ǸϤĳף롣ָ˿̵Ϥİһ˲ɻǰ˾ǲʶǸˡ
˴˿̫̿ůżϧΣҪǣ˿Լĵ
ûУ˽š
û˵ڵϣס˵ĽԼϣš
ǵһΣ䱻ʺ󷣹򣬻صʱϥǶˣֻó»ҩ͵ҩ۵ĵطоһӾҵ
ʱһʶ˵ݳޣ֪ж˫ʺݹ۾šҪ֪޽ӣòҲˣֻҪλ룬ʲôԡ
˿Ѿ͸а취Լļ¶
ױĴǶԴһϸСġ
ĳ׵ˡһգգĿ£ֶ˹ĵˣԼƺû˽ˡ
ƺ˲ʶʲôȻؽš
̫ӵɷСŮˡ
˵ŴЬվǰԺ֣»ǰȥͻ
ҲͻȲ裬ǲңһкò裬Сղҿɷһײûߣôߵǰһ
ǹйŮǲסͷȥٿ۾
ɫ΢ѣܿ컻һЦݣתϣԱ߰ŵĲޣ򿪣һ¡
ϺõƷްɡ
עϵĳף򿪲ޣϸϸŲ㡣
˵ĳ⣬ƫƫһƲƫеӳ˵ϣںڵͷµİ񷢹ڣüչ۽ǴЦֱı̵ǡ
̧ͷ΢΢һЦӲԸΪ裬ӡ
ЩסˡƬ̺ЩԼֹʹ˵СŮ̫Ӱɡ
˵תӼóһȸࡣڳ׵ϲãÿȥǣȻı˳
ڶϣӲȡҶʼ衣
ŵԼȵȸ࣬һů
Сô֪ϲȸࣿ
϶һ̧ͣͷһۣü΢ɲһ塣
̫Ӧ֪ǰЩʱ뷨跨µϲá
ǰЩʱԼЩɵʵҲطϣھͺãֽ˵ʱϣ룬Լֱ֮зǷ֮롣
æ˵ҲʲôǷ֮룬ʵ
ֽЩڡ˵ʲô˵š
׶ʱʧ
ڣпɬ֮ǰеʾãİ⣬
ΪֺˣҿСӲĶˡ
´ˣȷʵĶ֮ˣǻԼ⣬ҿܴδĽ̫ӵԣǰЩʱǴˣ֡
ϵĺóס
иط׻ʲôȴͷᣬʲôʲڡ
£Ʒ衣һ衣
ȴٳٲӲ豭ǰŮӣһЦż⣺СӲ۶˭˲֪СӰĽңͻȻ˵̫ӵδ棿
վû䡣΢΢̧豭ڳǰ£ˡ
ǰϲ߸ϵͬʱ̫ӣ̫ڶ죬ġ̫ӣȴ˭
ƼײǰĲ裬վ·˵ҪҵգȴȵҲƷϷŪСŮģǾˡСŮˡ
ȹһȳһյſȥ
˵Щڶġùȸʱ򣬾;ðʵԼģڻԺĻǰ⡣
شʲôҪ˵Ļȴ˵ˡ
һȳһţͻȻԼΪΪ̫ӣ˿һ취ûС
Сӡ׶ŮӱӰ
仺ת
׶豭һڲ裬ò衣
²豭ӻͳһƿҩ̫ҽԺƵ˵ҩ߽Сպá
ͷҩƿȴٳٲӡ
֣ҩƿģֺֽʮţþòſ
ȣƺЩʪ̰ҲǷ֪Ӧúݺ˦ȴסˣֻס
ʵ⽫ʱͣסССҩƿУ˫ֺǻС
ҵͻȻײ
һ˿һһɣҩƿˤڵϣˡ

21  ޿ɱ


磬ԭѽҺҡֿһʵ˵Ľұ磬ôƭģ
ۣҪ˵΢ŭ
ȴףֱ䣺СӣĻأôûΪĻѵӦʱڸﱣ𣿡
ӢòҵĻҵѡ
ͷ˵ҩƿɫĩڻɫĵ棬ʵЩۡ
˭Ҳ˽Ժȥۻںܿûˡ
ֱӻԼСԺӣûʲô˼Ͱٻһڴϣա
ԼյĻԼʲôȸ࣬ʱӦùϵ뿪ΪʲôֽžԼ뷨ôȻȡ˼ϵȸ࣬ôȻ衣
ͷԼĽţһӣʱһԵܽУʱֻ
סؿڣЩжʧȴԽ飬̲ס
һϵ裬뵹һʱˮϣӲˮգ£˸ղų׸ҩʱ龰
ǰӲ˹Լ̫ӣôͻȻԼҩ̾һ˷䣬ȥ
˵ҩƿϸļƬСĵİ
߳ңͻȻһ䡣
ͷ˹հٻ磬Ǵŵֳˡ
޷ҵ˶Ѿˣǲϲֳ棬Žˡֻǰ䣬ôûǰԺ
йҩƿƬӣҲϲֳ档˵תߡ
䣬ôˣﲻƿ·һһգæǰʵ
û£˽ţѾöˡ
һӻͳһСƿӣϺõĵҩͿڻܿͺˡ
俴ŵݹСҩƿоȻЩζӳ¡ôСƿӡ
ӹлֳ
ҷطɡ
ˣԼߡ
ѽСϲǿ˵ž͹ס
Ҳپܾ˻סСԺȥ
Ǳߵֺ徻γĶԱȡ
磬պѽˣǶͬйŮһҵġ
ײش𣬷Ŀۣղ֣ٻǲǾΪǸӢõĻ
Ӷ˵ǻˣˣԭӢãֺС
ô˵ǳˣ
ʲôҳϵģҾģҿɲĳˣںĺܣƫƫһںģҲ֪ƭ˻ƭԼء
ۣݵú˵
һı飬䣬Ժ˻У۾Լῴ
ײͬûȿ磬ˡʱûʲô֪Ҳûʲô֪ƺʲôǸССĲңĿһ顣
ٻ󣬷ĸЩֵÿǫڵʱ򣬶Ҿôɲɵģÿζܴ档
ЦϴǸ˵ֵ̫ˣüȥҸ߿ǵദĻᡣ
ǫҲ˽˵¼Ӣϸ˿ûʲôȰ¼
ת۵ʢģݵ࣬Ǿ˳͢
£˴ˮһ£²ģĳ֪顣͵
ô˵ݵĹԱ̰īˣ£˵ף»Ҫúõ飬вԩة˵
µĳԶ˵ˣϾһݹĸңһֻ֧ʺӵةࡣ
ȥˣȲ˵ɣ˳üͷһ糯Ȿ£ͷ
һԵĴ̫æΪͷ۲ѵĻϵƵҩ衣
Ƕ֪ʵۿе˭ҿʣֻù˳
糯ĳڹͬŽĶѡ
һҪȥһҪȥԺͣס
ҡ̫ǧ꣬¶ˡ
һɾ⸱ģһѰСദѽ
Աи³ĹԱ֪ӦΡƷĹԱ׷ͬЩƷĹԱһͬų׺Ͷˡ
˭֪ةһɣھ¥¥ĶӲ֪ʲôʱҲӵĽ飬һͬѰ
ӵľ̫ӣȻ˭˭˳ۡ
̫ݸ߹ԤϵӣҾͿˣҪŮ㣬ֻȥѰѽ
˵ҲͬһҪŮŻȥѰඡ
̫˵Цˣ²ȥѴҡҡĻ£ֵ̽ȻĴ¡
ԭǰµϴˡɾǡ
Ѳ׵Ľ˹ȥⳡϷΪݵĻ
һԵĳǵĻ۷׷ס
Ѱĵط̸۹¡һҡҡͷʾš
˵Ƕϴˣҵò񡣡
˵ȥϷҲš
˵ϻʺҲѡˣǲ֪˭ҵӡ
˷Сǵöؿչˡ

׻ص˸ţԼһͼҴҵĳȥˡ
۶һ䲻۵Сݣۿ׽˷ܵ˵˵ʧ˶ѽǿɶǰ׻Ӱ
۱˵۾˼֡ 
Цеѻ˵꣬˵ɷõ۶̫ģ
ģյſڣӢóҾöǶȤˡ˵žջСЩɥĽ£Һ̹Ƿˣ˵Ǻҵġ
˵Щ׶֪ģû뿪ߡ
ۣĽ㡣
ܴ󷽷˵Լϲ˭ˣܴ󷽷ߵǰԼķʽ⣬̫Ľˡ
̫ӸĹ֪ģģ֪Ҿ֪㲻֪ģҵȻ֪
׶ϵĲһڣۣȥһݰɡ
ȥȥȥ...ȥݣûûɡ
һʱļȣۻ˵ˣֱӰûȥĲˮ˳Сʱɷס
ûǴЩŲӳͷһһڣһһݵɶǴġ
׼׼ձɡ
磬ңɲԲȥ
С˿أϢƣЩӣƺ͹ейءԼ̤֮벽ĸĸ֮ˣκˡ
֪Ƿȥˣɵ̾һ̧ͷͼ̫ѾСݡ
ʢ۶Խ֪иͣ¹һеﶼϴˢɾȴû̾ⳡ꣬Ϊʱˡ
ʵ۽ӵۣ²˳٣ǵ󽫻ᳶ飬ǫ츰ݵ飬ݻָԭòҲջص硣
»һֱȥݣǫҲͬ
һϢȥֹȴ쳣
䣬ΪǲȥݣѵΪǸʲôΣ
磬ǵ㡣
δҲȥΪβģֹֻ֪ңСãһҪȥġ
ΪֹȥݿνǷѾ˼ֹһΣֹΣû뵽еΣ֪ûеĴλ߸Ρ
ͻȻ׹ʹԼֹˣҲ취ȥݣƺֻԵɺ϶ϵĽơ
һû취ֹ޿ɱ顣
ţ֪ˣ硢磬һ·Сġ
˻תȥƣֳҪȥݵ֪
֪ģҲҪһȥ
ֳҲȥɷĴϴղž;ˣǶִҪȥԼҲһҪߣȻԼܸı褵ˣıҲһԱݡ
䣬һŮңͲҪðˣҴ˴μȻǱǫǰȥͱضûͬͻֻó̴Ůҿ϶಻㣬ˣǱҲ̫ƽ
㲻ңҾĸǣҪҸˣ˽ٳˣˡ
ƴĻ䣬ô˵ĬƬ̣Ц̾ϢðɣҴӦ㣬ҪҵĻ䣬Сǫ鲻Ӧ£ܻңһ֪ô޷ܾ
ֳģӢңҲµġ
ܿ͵˳գӢΪ˶Ŀһ״ֲװ·ĵĸȥݵ̴

22 ˮ


ӹ񣬷̻ģΪǷܰȫ͵Ŀĵضģ½·ˮ·ⲻˣԾѺֲ¡
ǵϵ̴һھѹ˼ǵĿĵصȻˮûݣݵһվȴҪ·ݵؽ硣
ˮ·ԭȽϰȫԴ£ͶһЩԲԭˮ˳˻һЩˣµˮ֯
ЩӱߣˮԼãټϲ֪˵ܿ췢չһ֧СĶ顣
̤ϵ·ϱδ߹ﵽ׻û׵ġ
ȴ£ⱲΪ˱һı磬ֻʣֱǰˡ
糿һֱϣӢöصĺܺãʱʱչһۡ
ļϰϰùӢվڴͷ˷˿裬ǳЦ
ڴβλɾһֱ۾գһµġ
磬Ҷĸм֮Ա
ڲȥڨҪƣܳУвɱ¶٣ĬĬͺá
ҿɸ˵ѽԼãҵҲܡ
Ц㻹ǻԼɣ˿ɱ书ǿ֪ٱ
˵Լ֪
ˣȥԱߵķ䣬֪ûС
Ұ±ͷİɡ
ҹˮľˣЩӢöƬ̾ͻ˷Ϣ
˯ҹʱȻ˶
װҵĽŲػصܶţʱʱž
Ӣһ𴲱ߵĳ߲鿴
ҲˣæӴҴҴѡ
ӣȥ鿴һ£û֮ǰ㲻Ҫ䡣
䣬ʹ䣬ơ
Ӣôţ߽˵ңǴ©ˣѾˡ
©ˣô᣿Ӣֱ߽鲢ô򵥣²ʲô˿Ϊ֮ɡ
Ļ֪˵ײʲôȱţĵطް̫ҲбõСֻ˵ɣȴܲôֻÿСҲֻʮңϴݵģͷҶű˽λóģѾ¶˱ľġ
ߵ̽̽ӣָָ治Զİߡ
ƺ밶Ҳ̫Զ
һԵӢеĳΪӦʰðڴߵȺ򡣡
Ƶ˵ͷһ˼װϡ
ʱļװѾվˣ඼ھֵˣѺڵĵ˴ָţȻܻңǿǴӴжµıС
ϸϸխխҶСֻۣңôô˳
ҹϰϰÿһͷԽԽ
ھֵռƶĴҲҺǶŸɡϴһҲңóƤɵĴڴγһңȻϡ
ҶСȥھֵˡͻȻڻȺдƣƣ
װһͷǫ齹˳ֻ·ҵʱǫۼֿһץסָϰõƤڴ˵⸡ҿɷ
˵žͰѵ˴ҵĺϡ
Ҷָһ´յһ䴦ǫĵڣһӾˮС
ǫֻңüһȻơ
ԶԶƣֻƵͬʱҲֲӣ쳣졣
ʶҪڵԼȴ־ʱԼʲô
䣡㣡ǫĲ֪˵ǵġ
ҲûͰѸҰϣȻ飬
鿴ʱҪſ˵ǫ飬֪Ҫ˵ʲôڲֵʱˣӢ书ߣεӦò⣬ҺƵ书пɣ䲻Ṧչ˺ð䡣
⻰һ˵˸ң磬⸡һǸƣϵ˸պãûôεߡ
˵ž͵ݸơ
Ͻӹ飬У
ϣ
ɣʱԼĸңܿϡ
磬ҪǸھȥ
̫ˣƺǰҪʼݣ뼴ʹԼˣҲ
˶ε԰ΨβȥΪעҪǰһ˾
ڣҵҡˮͻȻܳˣĿɱ
Ҿ˵ûô򵥣Ӣ÷Щ˲
顢ƣǱ䡣
Щ˵ĿھֵĻھֵ˴СˣʣµҲˮԺõġ֪Щû취ˣѡ˱һĻˮȥ
ڴϵĶЩͨգǸɿû취
Щˮ̫ɶˣֱ˻ＴɣΪҪˣ۶Ƿ߿
ƣչ˺СãЩɱ޹ˮҶҪǳ˵ֱ˳ȥƴɱ
һҲû룬ȥ顣
ǰһӰ߲СģƷɱǺˣȴ侪֮һûվȣ뵽ˮС
䣡һ
ʶҪץסʲôȴʲôץסˮȥӿ
޷ֻŴŬȥҿҲȥֻˮ۾ˮʴ޷룬ˡ
ǰļ˲ӿǳѩǷţǳʢĳʽǸԼһӵˣʶģ³
䣬䡭
ߴϤĺŽϧʹ
۾ȻǸˣ£ΰɡ
䣬Ҳʧȥ㣬䡭
оԼ𣬱ĺˮܿʧ˲䣬ͣĿ
и˼æĴź󱳡
̧ͷһ˵
ǰ˵δųʪͷһ˫ȹеԼ
ǳ׾Լ
䣡ϴǫ˹
ŷһϣ̴Ķࡣ
ӢÿһԵ˵ӣɾ´ɴϵ˶ת˹ЩˮҲ͵ˡ
Ǳ
ۣĿһۣס졣
̴ºóӵ򵱵عٸҪ˴ֻԮʱص֪ߣܱ¶ݡ
ǫ˱Ϊǡ·û뵽ȴ̫ӣûüȣ˵һˣ̫Ӳ뱩¶ݣֻų񣬲ƺ
ƵעϣͻȻͺӡ
ƣô黰û˵ͿԼСˮϵ·ʪ͸ˣ죬û·һ򵥵Ĵֲ£߱֡
ȻҲע⵽ˣϼ̷ϺΣ۵һ
ôϵ˶ȥ۷Ը
׷վһѽϵקסӢã鷳ȴȥ任һ·
תļ˶еûͨ
һе뷨ǣ̫ὫԼİοȥȰ䡣
һˣ̫ӵ˼ºԼһģﲻ𣬸ղΪζֻôһֱ֮ǿס
λɾƣСǰʱʾ˳Чʲôʱʲôǲ֪£
׳Ĭվţ䱳ӰʧĵطָȻ
ܺ£û뵽£ͻΣգʧȥһΣô
磬Ҳط任·ɡ˵
ҵСӳ


23 


任Ůװ򵥵ȹͷ쵽һߣ˿Ȼûɣмƴڶߣ̧ͷס
Ծؾ͵ôûϸ·Ҳ˷纮Ȼ룬ǵͷ˹ȥ
˵лģȴ֪лε̾ϢǷ֮˵һе㲻ˣʵڲԸپǷűǷŰɡ
߹β˲˵ЩʲôҲһ仰û˵ڲһ˲䣬ͻȻʹǷţ˵ҲС
˶٣ת˴ա
Ƭ̣кǫҲŽ˴
ۣѾźһ̴ͨ˰ɡ
ġ
ٿǰվŵ˵λ˴ҺǷ˸ʵּ⣬£λºҰɾɡ
ּʲôĸڣȴǼΪõġ
ǫ˼һתʵ̫ӲѵҲ£
⵹ǫûѻʵܲǣΪ̫ӼȻܺһ̴ͬϾԲżȻ
ɣ£Ұҵ£ǶΪϰ£ѻӦɡ
׺ǫȻͬһ£ﻹԼĴ㡣
˵ǣˡ
ɡˣϴ²İˣͻȻ֮ǰڹ˵İӡ
л̫㣬Ȼҵµ֤ݣѾ²ˡ׵ģ̫ǣ̾硣
ذ˾ͺá׼ɣСӻڵǡ˵꣬߳˴ա
䣬ҹ纮ȥհɣȻĴˣȥ㡣һʱܵߡ
ҡҡͷˡ
վһ߶Ŀһһǫ˹л̫ӡһۼװܹٸ˸ĿڵɾСã֮ǰڽ¥ҲȹСãǫм֪α𡣡
תǫò˵ڳһϣһֱֲ䡣Ҿһ£ȫԸҪ𡣡
ôһ˵ǫ˵ˣԼûҪ뵳ô̫ӺȻôһ䣬ʣûкһɵκй
׿һ޹ǫЦɵһ֮ʱλԼǰǫǫɾȴǼĺ޲ýԼж˿顣
˶ܰĵŻֻ
ֻۣסӢãƤЦ˵ͣ
˵߲ԾĶϣͳƺҲΪ۲ֺӢö
͵͵۳ףܿȴףһ·ͬУ˵϶ȫġ
ܿˣ˻˴Щʱ콫ʱǵݡ
ݵϣɽֲ࣬ũ㣬ˮǰհҵһɷ󣬿ǰȴ̴ֵţջҲû俪š
˵ˮ͢ǲʳ²زӦƶ࣬Ӧȥ۶
۱ٴԼӵȥͨסֹˡ
˴ҪĿľǿס飬̰ī֮£˺ź
һһҿջҵһңЩªڲ¶ޡ
ҹ˶Ϣˣ׷һˡ
¡
ɲʲôˣ
صĺɻ̧ͷ²֪
˵ˣô͢ûκϢ˭£
Ǵ£֪͢˵¾ͻ֪û⴫ݡһڹš
ˣЦõǳ͢һأôһռȥ
תһ룬ͻ鲢򵥣¶Σûôĵӣ⣬Ϣٳٴ̰͢ī֮תⱳСˣǧҪСģݾߡ
׳ĬƬʵļҾںδ
ܣûҵκ
취鵽ںδ취ҵļҾúðҵҪ̴Żص۶ָ
ǡ⣬l.kd.jʧںҹ֮С
˴һ㣬ͻȻó׵ķš
£ǡ
һĴ򿪷ţŵ·˿ҹ紵ңǻˡ
ǵģô˯ţվڴһֱķ鷿Ķµڶͻʧȥ硣
ȻͿһ˳׵ķ䣬Ƭ̺ʧų׿϶֪ʲôϢڷǰǻòΪŴ̽Ϣ
£СŮҹǰ󡣡
׸æһ͵СȺȿڲ裬˵
վԭأŲ豭ƶ˵¡ʵղҿ˽֪¿ɷ˴еĿġ
еĿģЦҴеΨһĿľǱĶѽ䡣
ˡ
ʹĲ豭ͷСʵ̫ӣɷȰҴ緵أ
䣬ĲôСĺ˵ġ׿Ų豭֣Щۡ
ãջȥȰġ
еĲ豭һ񣬡л̫ӵ£СŮˣ͸ǡ
һ£
ſڵŮӽŲͣת̫ӵк£
߹ȥڣŮûоܾǸɴֱۡ
˯ţ˵˵
̧ͷױҫ۾ǷĲʹԼǰϡ
ǵһǰػʺ磬һŮŪ°ڶڻͣһԵ䡣
ô˵һ˵ȷʵʵǵǰ³оޱ֪ûи߹κˡ
һ̧ͷ˸ţæ㿪ͷ
׿ŵͷ˵ҵʱڻԵһߡ
ԽԽľǵú˵ʲôʲôĿڳ˵һߣǡ
Ů˵̫ӵòǸˣ˵ŻǸĻµĺþ˵ļһһҹ
ĥ˴ʱ˵⻰Ŀģǰ粻úԼͼ˶ʱֻ֪ǻϲ˰Ľ֮ˣƽϵĳˣĶŮڻ˵Щ𣿴˿ʲô޷ǾҪԼϲȻĸԸȨ׵ӡ
̫ӵ˵ͺáӭӡ
һϲô˵Сǳˣ
ʲô
㡭ҡվŲԣ˵ڴѾõĻ
ͻȻ˼һ˭ûŲӡ
Թһӿͷݺݶס׵۾ǰ
׾ղԣĽŲˡ
һһ
ͣסЦһʱϹִ˵Ļ̫ӵ²÷ϡ
˵ֱ꣬򿪷ﳤȥ
һӴ˽
סԭأƺûղŵĻƺ÷ǳŬһһƴȴԼе˼˺ôþǿ
İΪ˷񶨶İĽ֮飬Ȼ˵ԼϹ˵Լ
ſڣղŰ˵Щʱеĺʹ޷ĻشԼܵȫȻǳǵĺ⡣
԰䶼ǹУû˿˺¡ΪҪ˴һоôˣ

24  ԩ·խ


ԣĴʱһꡣ
ǳ絽һʱ䣬һܾ˰εʾúԼΪӣΪġֻۣûиκλӦ
һԼȴ벽ûŲ
һˣԸˣŻˡ
оȣܷһξͻ俿
飬Ժ˯ˣֱ
ǳ˶ͿԲˣǸڷ̫ܵȥˣ۵٩
׾ͷʹѣǺ˼һҹû˯ãȻ
Ҳ״̬ãæʵʲô𣿡
ⲻʻãһʣĶԻͷˡ
ȥɾйлҪ˵ǵҹӦ¡
ǫ˽ʱѾֶۣǡ
ɣԻȥ򸸻ʽˡգ֪١ڱһͽܿţұֵ֧ʵС˷ǰһһ䶼δʲôˣȥҲֻϢ
Ǵˣ̾˳׵˼Σգظȫ
ʵǺ˱֪
ѶԵôһ˲ǴپԹҲпǺˣûƾʵݣɵҲֹһǶϲ˵ġ
֪
ˣݰӦΣʵ
飬鰸ǲµģﲻ˰գԼΣ֮УСûǫȰ
ԥƬ˵ңǸӦ罫һϢϣһǲ
û뵽ƻ룬׿һ˵ɾ˵ûݾߣǲ鲻ġ
Ǿඣ磬Ӣ˵˵ɽܽȥһˣҾͲص۶ඡЦ˵
һۣȥȥɣҲȥĿ¶һͬȥ
ϣھȥӢã
۷ɱžͳ˳׵ķ䡣
ǫ࿴һۣų׹Ҿ̫ӵԼǣ˵ز׾ʰװ̡
ص۶ĵڶգ褾ˣ˵ίʵ䣬ȴһֱͣǫϡ
мֻԼ۵úܣɴڳԼԺøǻ⣬оĿڽй䡣
мװӴ߹Ӣˣںɽ޳ˣֻͷ鸮ķ˿ӦҲǺ½ġ
ס˸С
Ӧúܿĵģڿ֮ʹ˻ʺ£˭뵽ճͻȻһμʱ龰׵ݼҹҹ飬Щ˯ˡ
ӣǰ˵ģǸСÿоָǰ˵
˳ָķȥ˵С̯ӣӿ治٣Свٻֵ
Ҫ߹ȥƼѦԱһҲϵԩ·խæо㵽һߡ
ⲻãһԱһߵС̯ײˣһء
æȥ񣬡ǸǸ
һ˫µ廨ЬǰԽԽҪûüˡ
վ
ôӼֶ㣿֮ǰڽ¥ͶңҪ㣿Ѧֺʵ
ߵݸоҲСײɢߣô˵ǶѦء
㲻ϾͲϰɣмҿҪ㣬ڽ¥˵ĻҼǵأ˵㰮ĽǸơ
䲻˵ֻǿѦ֪ŮӵЩ̫áˣԼ˵ʲôĻ
Ѧ䲻˵ּ˵ͬ¦ϫ¶ף˵ǵҲлһ̫λݣ˵Ļ̰ģҾͶԹĸ˵ͬ˽ʱҪڲ
˻ͬװס
װף˵ǳҹߵչƣйŮһңһһҹ˵˭šѦмķ۾
۶ǿܿԡ
ЦѦˣһԵĿҪˣʲôѽ˵ײûŰɡ
˵ף˭˵ףѦ䡣
ס죡
һ󴫳
ӴӲϵ̵ķ˹̧ͷһƣסԩ·խԭֹһˡ
ױˣݹѦѡеģϾѦĵƣȻҪϷˣ˰䣬˵Ļ˵ġ 
̲ˡ
磬˵˭ס죿Ѧʵ
׿䣬üë壬ţ֮ͥ£Ѧˣһһ˫۾š
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˵ʵǰȷʵˣڶһֻǶԼġ
֪ͺãλҿ֮ǰҸûǸ¦ϫ¡Ѧʳף綼֪˭ء
СŮ̫ӺѦˣ뿪ˡ
俴ڳߵѦĵиطһֱšЦԼڶ꣬Ӧϰ˲ŶԣΪ²ٿȴǲȫͻ
߬ŵ֣ɭ׵ĹǽҪ۰ģҪӰĴѦ
Ǵ˿ֻ̣ŬԼǹЦ⣬ãǻȥɡ
صԼĿˣ˺üײߣĲ㰲
»¶ľٶʺУæǲڵĹŮ̫ࡣ
һʱ䣬׶쳣꣬ǻʺݹǸʶѯ顣
¦ϫºѦһȢȵʱû
ʱǫѴ˴ݵϢʣͻǰȥ飬Ŵ²ǻʺһݹһһ취һŭ
ǵѽȣҲ֪ǫûʣǸд㣬ˮûнȻǰȥ롣
׺䶼֪»ʵ۾ȻܽԸһҪ˭ô֪ɱ˳͢٣
ʵҲǲȷǰ˭˴˴飬ֻһֱ
ǫҹڿؼȥϢȻһ㶼֪
һ취ѡʱ䣬һ߲ȥݰ顣ʢĹϢͬʱҲһ׮ϲ¡


25  겻ɢ


һδظʢĵĩβˡ
ڻʵȥµ֮жϵĵӻˡ
Ϣĳȥ鰸ʵһ䣬ѾˣηɱµΪֹ
ĽΪλԼţǾ˵ԼҲǣУͻȻ׹µʹкܴݹߵˡ
̷Ը˸ȥϢ飬Ȼ˲²⣬ǾԲģԼȵǸʱϾҪˡ
ûͤУаѾƵҶԺӵĲ񲻽̾оû뵽ʲôʱˣȻ͵˵ԼҪȢ褡
ΪľͷһĴ£µһ֮ˣû뵽ĸ¾Ϳˡ
͸Ű֡ײʮվͶˣ͵պˡ
ӡ
Ӣãˣ侪ϲ
ӢõɫһЩͬ˵˺ܶ࣬һЩģյϢ˵ɾҪˣŸϻ
ץסص㣬ۣԺô𣿡
Ӣò˼ʦϲɾǲԡ
ãӢ֪ͻȻǰӢñ书󣬻ɽߵʱԼڶ㣬ǵԼȥ׵ģһֻ˵һ䣬δ⡣
Ǵļ棬ڣӢվԼǰӢʮŮӾȻҲߵ˵֮ˡ
֪ӢãĲҪŮװ𣿡
ЩʱɣҪӦһ¡
ӢþȻûзԣȴɣ褳׵ʱۿ϶ģǻСӿԼиֱǼ񵽱ˡ  
Ӣͷáλʵ߶ţûаݻ飬ǲӦȥʺһ
ãںЩȽڣ˵Ѻ͵˵ˣǽˣʱڸС⼸æл˵ɡҾܿͲסڸˡ˵ø첲Ӣá
Ӣò˼ЦЦ
ɳȻ֣֣Ȣ׵Ķűڡ˷븮ǰϻΡ
֪ӽ쿪ʼ褾ԼɩɩˣվһԿ˰óףǴĵˣҲý޳ԼЩ˼ûа׷ѡ
ϲһʼӢõпʼװ硣  
ҿˣһȥ
ӢúǲȻϵȹҪһǻɡ
𶯣㿴ͭ棬֪ÿأۼ㲻ֳ֪ʲôءӢô˱ôõӢãǱСˡ˵һӢõȹ𶯣֪
ߵſˣֲĵĻعͷ·
伱Ⱥдۡ룬ԼⱲӿܲˣߵһҪкùޡ
۲ңÿȺиۡҪʱվһϤˡ
˲ۺÿǺһҫ۵۱˼Ϊصĵ͵ĴŻɫĳִۣ˸ɫİߡ
˿ϲϲǰʮ˵ĻÿһһһһʹǴ·ߣһ۾ϳˡ
ɵģͣס˽Ų뵽ڷŵӢãǹʶ˹ȥ
ۣߣӢ㣡
ۿ䣬ʶĿһԵˣ˵һֱأллѽСӡ
ͷߣϡ
ǰֻͷһǴߵˣ˵ͷæ˺Ժ
ߵӣȥķվƬҲȥ
ӢôŮװӷ߳ʱֱڵ
ɵѽӭȥѵ
һ˵ڱŤŤӵһЦ˳ɾǾһ仰˵𣿡
۸Ҫ̧ţӢѾߵǰˣȻŮװܲϰߣȴԵĹŮֽߡ
ۣҺÿ
š۲סĵͷ
˵ǻʲô˼ϲѽϿӢôߣȥȥģǰ£϶ҪƤˡ䱧סС۹ϲ
۶֣ص˸񣬡ӵݶۼˣҪ̫ӱ۸㣬һվߡ
ңҺ̫ӣǣһʱǵԼǸ߹ԼѾĽôûһ
ӢãҴȥõطûʲôӦֻĿӢá
Ӣһۣ˵ллҪ㣬ҿۡ
߰ɣˡͷӡ
ߺںԺʯӡֵϲ磬ԺӵĺͻȻһֹ¶ֹԲĸо
߰ɣǸõǰԺմˡ
һͿղŴߵվԼǰ
ǰˣɵĻǰ뾡˰취żȥӣȥﶼóԼһΣôȴ겻ɢܳԼߡ
ҽװ磬Ȼǲñϳġʵû̫ͨ󷽷ˣǲ㲻λ͵͵ġ
μϲģ˵ǰֲ˵ֻԼȿˡ
׵˵ͷҲ˵°ΪʲôϳԼҲ˵塣
룬ĳװʶû档
һ£һҪǰԺȥμϲ硣
ҡҡͷóһƬҶݸһĶ
䲻ԣװòԼɡ
СŮղ봵·
ҡҡͷ֦ڵд֣˼


26 ܾ


һ֣ĺ׵ʹ
Ϊϴӣ촽ˣ붫һ˶˼ʱҲᴵӡ
˼ǰ꣬νԺӵκһοҪ࣬͸ˡ
СŮᣬڿÿ˰ɡ˵
ֻǰӳĬƬ̣֦ڵд֣⡣
ǲǽСŮ¾Ͳ·ɱ߲μϲĲСûϳȥ
⻰һӻߣСǲϳˣ
һݲӰݵİӣѵӦһʼͺϳȥôͬôãǾֻһܣϳԼ
˸񣺡̫ӵˡСŮ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ϣСҶҺ֪ͣɷҡ
ѦټȺͨɣΪЧͣҾͲ׳ˡͻȻһת䵭ĿųףΪСŮϲ¶ӣǰǲҵģ޻˵̫ӣֻССŮҪҾֻô˵žҪùϵҶ
ȴϣ׽Ҷˡ
ǰŲһСǰŮӣȻǡ
ǵǿôڱĸ𣿡ʵ
˰벽дŲŵı顣ԭİһֱΪԼģΪӣΪȨԲֶεһŮӡ
СӣˣֻΣһΪҸģȴ˿ûлر
ͻȻЦָͣĻһ㣬£㶮رֵ˼ѽҴӸҵĻرѡ͡ҡ˵ĺء
ǣҡ˵Ҹ㶼Ҫ˲ҪǮܾôءȴסˣһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ
ЦˣӳùҶȻ̫ӵҴǸҵĻرСŮӾʹˣ͵ǵһɵ£ĪҪٳǰ
ҶڴߣȵָϢϡд棬룬۾
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Ըܵ˵УÿһӶϣҪһнӱĶá
ү̵ǰûĻᣬȴָ¸˻ᣬôܲץס
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Ƕڣദʱı׾
һ佫Ҷ˺붪˰ɡ
׼Ҫߣæǰ
˵ôӣ¾ͲҪٳǰ𣿡ԡ
ͻȻһЩԥ˵˿ڣڸҵżдʶģ˼Ҳ˼Ҳ˼ΨԸز룬ؿɼ¿ɱǾޡ
һؿɼ¿ɱǾޡ
ǰģ˸ʲô³
ЦһͷУǧ²棬Լˣμ֤˵Ļ
׺΢ϸСĺһ䡭
Ϊ˻תͷףϸǰӣԼɸٴ˺ԼĻᡣ
Ǹ£Щ͵СŮ˵

𣿡ʵС
ȴشĸɴ䣺ǡ
ǿ̧ͷӭϳ׵Ŀ⣬ǴС÷䲻Ϊдʲôż㣬ΪЩʲôֳʼմңܲĶȵΪӣΪ˱ָ֧ҵġһ۵˺ҶҵΪǵʩᣬֳҵĲġ
Ȼһֱɣ׿ڳɬޱȣеļᶨȻΪֲ˵ĻÿһֶţŰһֻҵһ㷢йڣţҲƿ
£㲻˵Ӫ˾ӣûκιɱζҵζԱ½
׵ü̧ʱëͫ΢΢۵͸ź⣬ȴּŰԹ㲻˶ңҲ˵Ļ㷽˵ÿһҶţ
ǶԳ׵ı겻Ϊ⣬ԾɵȻڣСŮõʧӣҲӦ˵Ķġ´ɲΪ£ĶԴСŮûбҪ
ǵģֻ롭ͻȻסЩ˵ףһʱȴ޷
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һµˡ㡣
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ǿϰݵˣصӣѦ¦ϫµ˼á
˶Ϊ̫ӳٳٲѡΪȲʺֲ벵ݹӣֻг»֪̫ΪΪѡ
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֪Ϊ, Ȣޱƺ֮ڵһʱûʺٹ޷ңʱѦ¦ϫҶɲǳΪޡ
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ʵͷʹ֢Ѿãͨ˵̫һվڵȺ򣬲̫һТ˳ܵǷʲô£һʱ巵ǰ١
ǰĵһֻܳɹʧܣ̫ǰ䣬ˣ
лҪ˵һVһ£»һЩϣҿĿģֱ֧ģôô~
ǸСʹпɣոרԤİ~
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һƣ־˸ϿǿΡϧ硰ݲؽ
Դˣʫڣͻ㡣
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ǾƲúȣСÿޡ
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˸˵˽ҹһ£Сɸӡ
գ׷ɱһһŮȡ
ֻȤŮУҲû

27  ͻ飨һ


ʵۿǰݵĶӼæʵ, ʲô£
ʣˣ븸𷣡ͨһ͹ˡ
նǰȥݲ鰸˵ǰ֪ηɱ, ݶ֪ǰ֪һΪ, ǰȥ, ֪һǺĸйء
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⡭׹Ϊѡ
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ĸĸΪѡȻõŮӣֻǶԾѦͬС÷¦һĸѡ
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, ȥѻʺݹ
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檲ҡ
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վڴ룬˵Ѧ¦ϫ²ֲ٣ѹȺ˻ĲնǾѣʵԾ񡣡ա˵
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Ƭ̺󣬻ʵ˵Ҹ¹ͣڱҼŮӶ빬УСŵĻһ˼ϸ壬÷ִ絹Ǹ̫ѡ
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׻ΣȻʮ⣬֪ҪûʺݹͬͲ͸˿˼Υ˵СЩ䣬Ѧӻá
ʺһ̴ϣ檵ͦãѦţ̫ӽɲϣ¦Ů¦ϫһǺӡ
ߣݹҲʾ˵ϣǳΪ̫ɣǽ֪񲻺˵Ҷ񡣡
ϡʺ˵ʲôʵ۴ϣˣ룡
˵˼޶ˡĳĶԳ˵ᣬȻϲӣΪ޻ǳЩá
ʺһ˵Ӣ
ʵۿŻʺ˵ʺ¦ϫ²ƷоΣ٣ôܷڣ˿СӲӦʵĿס
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ʵ۷ͷǲõ˵Ƕȥɣзִ磬񲿻ˣǲٲġ
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㣡㾹Ȼ̫ҽȥϣ
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ػʺӳţҵˣź̫˵ƴ磬˵⺢ô죿
ﲻصģҺڣȫϻλ
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˵⻰ߣѾ֪ˡ
ػʺͷѵõᣬĶ飬ֻ±ӻˡ
仰Ҿ֪ˡ
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ڹѾУӵȲã׵Ĵͻʥּû£ӵʥּˡ
˵ʺѾµķԷѹв͸ǽǵ۷׷УӺܵ͵ӭȢ˹
ⳡԷﻹûƽϢʱһҰ۷׷׵Ĵͻʥּ
һʱ佫۵Ƹߵ㡣
˻ʵԻ̫ףأ԰𢣻棬ƷУԵУڱ֮Ů̫֮ŮѦϡ֮Ů¦Ϊ֮䣬֮أԸ£ɼ飬մˣ
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ѦҺ¦֪ϲ
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ŮЩԥ˵˷£ģǱȨ׵Ľǰ㲻Ը⣬Ϊ취
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һţͿűߵǫ飬վڲԶƣʲôû˵ֱ˳ȥ
˽ȲʵСãҼǵ˵Ѿϲ̫ˣԸ⣬취
ǫüëšһ𣬡˵ΥҲȫȻûа취
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ȴҡҡͷ飬ˣЩ˵ˣҲû˿ܡ
ǶʱҲΪлᣬ֮ƺԶԼף顣
鶼ûˡ
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Ĳˡ
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һվȻ˺ö˺ߣһϳˣѦʱԼפС̯ӡ
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ɼ˳ף޲̷ɵߡ˽֪ǻʵӲģȻֵܱ̫С
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ݹб߼в˱˵СǸѹס̫λ֡ѽ޹ҲǸԵġ
ĸģⲻǻ𡣡ѦԿһ
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ѽ磬Ҳ˿ˣѦԹš
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ۻΪʲô£Żææľ͸ˣһҸţһʱס˽ŲſڽҲҲǡ
ݹƳһۡ
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һ£죬һ仰û˵¿ˮ˵ӵĲ˿źܺθڣûԷء
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˵鷿׷Ը»ңغ÷ţæʵۣûӢ˵ʲôСˣ⼸ȥİ̽˵ּվû뷿֪ϲء
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ۣ˵Ҹΰ죿
һˣͻȻ۵磬飬ǧ˶֪ӲӲģϲѦ񣬱嶯
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Ѧˡ
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»Ŷ룺¡
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»Ŵ˵
Ÿȥ
£»¡
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죬ѣ׿˵
磬⡭ûϴۻ
Ҳ㲻Ҳ˵涼ߣҲ·ô߳ȥ˵һùӣӣڵݡ
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׻۵·»Ҳ̫ӷ˽
»Ĺ˴඼Ϣ𣿡
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˳߳»ֻԼһ亹һһ뵽̫鷿иɾС̶
һ·Ṧ
վڴ߾Щ䣬˴
۷ǰճĹ٣Ⲧ˸ңžҹ﷢
סң°Ա߷оŮѡ
ܵԽⷳǣֿѾʼƵҶ޷ࡣ
ɴֽ̿ţд
ҹţҶƬƬѳ
īԽǣκһس
ʸ䣬ͻȻϤһسһǣһ˼޽⣬Ψҹ¶˼
ͷվ󣬡̫ӵΪִţһǺþȫҪķʽ
ǲ̸ֻҵӡ
²Ҫ٩СŮˡת
ϸϸĴʵ
䲢ת壬˵õʧˡ
б¶䵭һǾͺãǾͺá
ͻȻסˣȻΪ۶֪ز
׹һ˲䣬ȻӿίΪȢ䣬˶˼跨ҵݹİѱ͸©ʺڸǰϷǰϷж֪һоΪʲôȴ뷽跨޸Լ
ôң޸ң
ӳ΢΢תĲ¾ôȢңϧͬϲѦҵ֧֣
Ĭһ㡣
ΪҪߵʱ򣬡ءһ죬ҹԵ쳣׶
ת׵ȭͷոдֽϣ̨īĽ˳
Ǹ߳ŭģ̵ڣ俴ףĿĲҪ˻顣
²գʵΪСŮصҲԸȢһװű˵ŮӰɡ
ü΢΢ŵȭͷֽڴＷ仰䣬׵ҡ
ʹ̫ԣ͸еıˣһ˲ΪǰϲԼ֪һʱỻٲ
һ̫ӵ˭ǵĳƺǲףءվ򿪷ţһƣߡ
ǰŮӣɬ˵ϲǲǣ֪ϲԼĺʲô
˵ϲǲǣΪҲɱһССĶ˾һӣף͵ոʬɡ 
ҪγѪһһſ
ȴͻȻ˷ţ׵ơŽӴƵһ˲䣬ŰϢ˲Ͱ
ҧݣݺʵϲ𣿡
䲻˵졣
һȻһʼڣڼһĴصޣѾ˼ô࣬Ϊһֻص˱翪ʼĵط
ͷǰӵۣԼȹǡǰҹĵȴûһεȵͻȻ֡
ڣˣѲǵ顣
Ŀɬ͵ͳıһӿ
ǰӾǰŮӼ΢΢鶯ʶʲô°ͣͿ˵ʹµľӨΡ
һӾͱˣ˿˿ʼɣǵΪ˭
ƲͷΪԼ
õ𰸵ĳ׶ȫĴӱס䣬䣬֮ǰòԣһίˡ
˵ãһ˵䲻֪ԽֹҲֹס
ת壬ӣ˳Լͷֻվֱ彫С
㲻ǸӲҵģҲΪֲ֧Ȣ㡣䣬ϲġ
ˣܲڶ󷽶԰ã۳׺Ҫʲôֻεľͳͳ˼ˣ˿ֻ֪ס䣬ʧȥˡ
Щ롣
һ棬һǼ٣Ѿȥֱ棬βУõƬ̵Ļء
еĽ䱸ɵؽͷڳ׵ؿڣĿ
ļǿ䵭룬ͳͳһ̱壬жеαװֻʣĵĿ 
Ǽٵģƭģֻڣǰֻþӵ
żҹû˯ȣҲǿˣҲ̫ůͷ
ֹͣ˿׵ͷȥۻϣ˶Ѿ˯ˡ
ĨȥۣóõİۣƬ̣ȻСĽ˴
Ѿǰϰˣʱҹ͵͵ķ䣬һߣһֱʱ뿪
Աߵ˶ͻȻüͷ£˫ۻסԼ
ǰ˯ʱеƣÿʱὫĺ󱳣֪ΣһЩˡ
أһһţŰüͷҲ
֪гԼҲ˯ˡ
ۺͳ»˯ţ˴Ϩ鷿ֻȹϵϡ
̫ӷε۾쳣Ťػ鷿ﲻͣתƣ磬ô˵ȥٻصġ
»佹ֻܰס˵ɾҪϢһᣬСūŵ¾ͺá
ô˯š»ҵӣǰ󹬶̫ˣҿɲҪ
࣬СūЩʱģԣǺþҲǺ÷
ɣһӴͻλӣŮһ̨Ϸ÷ԺܵġƲƲ졣
ⲢǵԸȡ
ҡҡͷ˵ѽûڵңҪȻ϶Ȣ˽Ůӡ
ͻȻžҹ
ۺͳ»һۣ޲š
ɾɴϣСūȥô¡
»߳鷿ͼ巵ֵҹҴ߹˵̫ӵºڣҪ                    
лҪ˵һʱ䣬д˸£ԼӸͣ
СɰǿɻǵӢҪҵʦʲô𣬺ٺ١
дͻʥּοŴͻگ顣

28 


⡭, 岻̫»Ҳʺû뵽Ǳټ
ʺ͹赲, ˵Լ·, Ҳǲط, ϾҪ˼̫棬Ϊˡ
͵̫¶, չл˵, ݹѦţû̫Ƿѽ
ļļ»ʵҲõĽˡ
Ҳû˵̫ҽѽ
⡭»ͷ˺飬֪
ȴͻȻ鷿, ˵߶˹ȥ, »ڵ, ۸ʲôѽ
æܵ鷿ſڣװģĿʵ¿ֲˣ費Ҫ̫ҽ
Ӧ
»ԾĨһѺ, Ҫѯ, 鷿ͻȻˡ
», ҲǸ߹ҹҪôӣδȳ
»Ĳ۾һգգĶ鷿ſڿԼĶ⡣
״īɫ߳һ˲»ԼϳԷļһܱסˡ
巵̫࿴̫ӣһ˹, ̫ӵ½𰲡
Ϊ׵̫ʵ̫ӵ֪Щû
׿˳»һۣ룬Ը˲˴ţ»أ빫¡Ȼ̫ӣ巵̫Ҳ
ʱϲţźĹҲﲻҲﲻã͵̫ҲǴС̫ģȻ֪еΪѡ
Ȼ̫ӵͷһ£ūȥ巵ɣء
ͷԺ򡣡
»ź£
˽ȥ鷿Ÿչϣ۾˳磬ˣ̫ҽ¶𣿡
ױų»£е˵ʹûмʱ֣Ҳͳ»ܽôĹӣ巵̫ࣿ
£Ȼģ˲ϣҸղŻ˸õӣҺˣѽҪװʮĲˣ
»Ϊ״˷ڣ˵һԡ
ôټ²ʲô£ۣ߱ߣ߾Ϣɣȥˡ
һ·ԣ̫巵ṳ̂ڣŮ˿
һԱϣػʺһĨᣬ˵̫ӣܵĺЩɲƫ̻
ӲԼʲôϵǳ׵ĵһ뷨ܿ죬̾ʶȴĲô򵥣ҪȻҲܴĸżô£
ʺûڣʵۿڵŽѦӽ˹㶫ź󣬾ȥ߲̽ãͶʹ̫ҽ˵ǽӴ˺֮
ȻǵһУϹùź򣬲֪ܲкܽӴ㣬ǡʺ˵žᡣ
ˣԾ˵ѦҪӵĺӡ
˵Ѧ轾ݣԱϾݹѦңڼͻزпλ̫ӦøСĵ͵Ǿɳ顣
뵽ˣͻȻ׹ʺ̴ĿãһӾòȬ̫֮λضѡ񣬶ĿܾǴѦ¦ϫµѡѦƷвˣǾֻʣ¦ϫˣ
ߣһֻϺꡣ
ʱװʱ򣬷ձݺľͲѦˡ
䲻ϲѦ񣬵ʺ͹ʢҪƣô
Ǿ˵ġ˵ն
ʺƺϵô˵̫ӣĸ֪ϲãʵǰѽ
Ŷĸ˵˵ΪλẦĺӣ
⡭ʺһۻʵۣС˵֪̫ƽԵܵܺܺãе˿ܾͲôˡ
˵Ϊ˹Ҵ֮λȥֵͼĴ󣿡Щɴ˵
̫ˣ˼
ĸǺ⣿ľĸó֤ݣ
ʺһߵʵߣ˵£һҪΪѽ
仰쳣УСĻˡ
ʵ̾ѾȥѦˡ
Ѧûȵݹ˻ûˣ££һҪΪѽ
仰εҡҡͷ
޺ž˵˻ʵߣ££ôĺӣǾ顣
ʵһӣߵŮ˺ɫԶЩ
ˣˡ
£
巵ſһһɰ͹𻨸⣬£Է㡣
ʺһɲˣɰǰʱѦģ𻨸ҲѦġ
ݹһ⣬⡭˵һ仰
ڴʱͨ˵Ѧˡ

Ѧ·ϣݹѾ˴ȥϢû£Ĺ˵СŮû¡
ʵ˵ɰ͸ôͣ
ѦһĶɵˣɰûҲû
ֻΪ˹˳ȥ񣬱Ͼ˶͹򽻵Ǹùϵ˰Ը¦ϫ£ôͬ˻ûͱأ
ǴǴС߻ĽС㡣
ݹüͷû뵽ӶԼ޹ѦܵȥΪںߵһԼ˵ѦĴֱҪ̫ͼ
ԼҪֶŮĻܶ࣬ΪúóһοԼ˵켸ҹá
ҲãˣԲ鲻һ֡
ң̫أųǾῴԼϲŮ˱ݺġ
Ȼߵʢ֤ǰɰ˿ţһڡ
ʣȻɰ͸㶼кصζɰĺ߿ڣƺ·첹ĺۼҸҲڱ棬
ôһ˵ݹ˵϶ݺ
ʵ۷ԸȥзŮٺŷһˡ
Ůϸ鿴˺ɰɰȷʵǳһ֮֡
ŷ³ڸƤﲢޡ
ʵһ˵ʺɻʲôʣ
ǳ檲飬͵йȥϸ飬˭ôӣ˵ߵݹߣס֣ãҲ֪£ţѦӣҵѽ
ʺⲽ壬Ӯ˵ȻãҲûʲôҺˡ۽ΣѦ񲢲ϻ۵ӡ⹬ˡ
Žȴ룺ҶҪǶùңôϺλĲء
ˣõǵӹе
ݹ֪ǻʺݺѦģô϶·ţҲҸ¡
ڵ̫ӳɻĹؼʱ򣬶һ²һ¡
ʵϣַͷֹˣֹ˾°ɡ
ǡӦ
巵׿˵ĳ»ҪԸ滨ѦͻȻܲ˵˵׻磬Ҫ㡭
һʶ˫΢ţתһࡣ

29  Ѱ(1)


, ʲôǻûɻءݹЦ˵
Ѧķſ֣ߴĵͷ磬лл㡣
Ӧ, , ʲô»Ⱥĸһ°ɡȻݹȨ, ڶԸʺͳϣ˻һµġ
ΪĿ, װһĿܡ
ĸ˰, ޹Ρ
ݹ̾һ˴ҹˡ
ǰ˺üѦûиݹһͷͿֶŮ̫, Ӷ, Ȥܿͳ, 㻹°̫ӿ𣿡
Ѧһ죬ݹˡ
̫ӣѦԽ¶ˡ»ȥѦʱʱͷ˵š
û˵, ̧ͷѾ, ȥ, »Ҳûٶԣĸ
ԼһΣһƬϣȫ֮УСʱĸ׺˯֣һһĴź󱳣úܰ, 
κܿˣЩ㱣ż£ȴЩֲʲôʲôǼ١
Щﻹʵģ뵽⣬æǰ
ֽ̿ſտҲ
ǵԼдʫģѵʫ
ϣϸеϸڣȴЩǲˡ
Ȼ֪ⶼ鹦ҹŵİۣƵҩ۾صĹЧ
˵ǰⰲۣϣȴһһ͵͵䷿к󣬳Ůǰҹĺö
˵λ棬ֲ壬ҹξȴͻʥּĴڣͲòҪľ
䣬𣿡
򿪷ţʳ˽
о˵θڲá㿴㣬˵˲Ѳ㻹𣿡
褽ʳѶ˳Ϊ㰾Ŀθ糿ͺȣ׼緹θھͿˡ
ﵴů褣ôôá
㻹˵Щʲôȡ
ţ褼ˣ˵Ⱥţ̨ϻ벹Ǹǰˡ
˵֮ضزסСҸ׵Ĳ׽ˣȥɡ
˰Σϸ֮£Ȣף罡ڣӢۣǺ¡
ûдͻʥּ͸ˡ
װʱأܾˣ͸ΪּԵĻΣֻⲻİƵδĶ棬ôһֻصǰֽƵľ档
У
һ뵽Ĺµʺ͹λ޴ǵĳͽ䣬ѦеԣͲԸٹһӡ
ӣӢˡоŶ롣
оϴӢԵƬ̡
ϴõţӢԺʯϱĿ߹ȥԱߵʯϡ
㶼ڸкüˣɾˡƲ졣
Ӣվͷϸ䣬Щϲ˵û
ģҺأǻ֮ơ̾
Żˣȥزμ书дᣬ̫ס˿ջһСﶼ˵£̸ϹˣԭЩģſۣѽ˵̫żĲУһȰͬͻء
һЦѽ϶ǰ̫ӵġ
Ӣɫ΢ʹۣ̫Ӷ㾿Ǻ⣬شֻ˵վüģҪվòСȴѾû·ˣ̫Ϊƽ⳯йϵ£Ȼּ·вͨġӢóƬʵӣпϲˣ
򵥵⣬˼úȴش𲻳϶Ĵ𰸡
й룬󲻻ˡ
˻п𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷһӢãֻ޳Ҫ޵˾ѽ
Ӣε۾ֻЦЦѾˡ
ƭܱƭԼҪ׵öࡣ
ӢͻȻվߣװҴȥõط
̧ͷѰ޵ĴֺЩӢȥĶ
ӢãŮӣ
ѽҶŮӣǮΪ㵯ٳкβɣ
޲ȣӢãʱ𣿡
ӢЦ㲻ñ˶ӵľʺɾ𣿡
ѽСҲʧΪһ¡
󲽿ȥ̾ӭӴλӿÿǵһɣҸܼ
ˣһ䷿һѹ٣һò裡
𱿴ԵӢã͸ԭ˵ı飬õģģɾǺúúȲ裬Ǿȥš
ٶüþơӢ˵
ϡ֣С˶¥᷿
һ䣬Ӣþ˵ˣҲã徻
С˲裬˾ƾ˳ȥ
Ĺ𻨾ƻӳӢýƱƵֱߡ
Ӣãԭϲȹ𻨾ѽһڣЦʵ
𻨾ˣҵĿζ
Ӣ֪۶˭˵Ĺ𻨾úȣҪһУȫ˵顣ƤĿӢá
Ŷ˵ʶˣ
ӵĽˣĲ㺰Ұɡ
ӢõͷǽˣȻʲá
俴Ӣ⸱ӣ뵽۲֪˶󹦷ӢýģϲӢϲĽ
ȵ۶ЩŮ֪ǿٱء
Ӣ̧ͷӭ侧Ө͸ӣͷ䡣ƬʣԸ𻨾Ƶ˭𣿡
վת˸Ȧϵ죬üëһصİ첻ڣȻֵĿڵѽСӡ
Ӣþȵߵߣ䣬ҾϲһֱΪǵ廨Ĵҹ㣬û뵽㲻ȾƻƣټϸǿգӸʺ߽
صϣҲ±һӢһء
Ӣô֪㲻ϲͻһ㾿룿ʵڲԸҵиð취
ʲô취
ӢóĬƬ̣ƹŷΪᡣ
һھ˳⣬вͨҿ᲻ͷЩóʳ
˿٣°ȥĵطҲʵˡ
ǣȥڶûʲô𣬶䡣ܲ⡣
ƺûа취ˡ䣬޸̫ȫ۶Ů飬ĲԸ
ļȴһֱڶҡ
Ϊվڳһ߱ƽǣһĳƺһͬˣ䵭Ĵξʱ˵ػɰȰ˴硣
ƴȫģȫĵһ˰ĸһʼĻϲֺãֱĻ䡣
еǶԼٰԼҲšǰźţ˶ڹ˵׸ġ
ͬǰһ㣬䵭ôŵĲʹֻ½ǣȴһˣϳ֣ϾѾƽġ
ΪҺ¡ӢãһΣ˶̫̫ӶҲϲֻ谮Ѧ񣬻ʺ͹ҲϲңƽѵǳͷίԼܣ󻹺оʧ˵һôӦ׮£
ӢóƬ̧̣˼ҹΣЩΣΪδ֪ĺ㯣еĲ֪
ǰֻн˵˭֪Щ鶼ʵġ
Υ϶Ϊ˴£ҵ£վڴĶ棬ʵûиõİ취ǡӢö䣬ȼ޹ȥǹĲģ취㱻Юֵľ棬ʱûܹңʼֻĴΡ
۾ְ̫Σˣʹ䱸ɭϣֻµʱ߲
ɵѾͷô飬Ͳ˶̫Ӷ۰м𣿡
žƱͣڰգ۰мûֲӢģѽӢ˵Ķԡ
Ľɽˣ
ˡЦ
ȾƣӢþٱ
˳̸䣬϶Ӣ˵Ӣ˵۵ʱǸСŮɬҸ˵书дĳʱ͸źˬʡ
ƺˣɫҲˣ˴뿪
¥ʱ͸յѰҪ¥ĶѴ˸档һӾͰ˳תͷ˿ԵӢòüͷ
Сӡ
ܲѺá
Ѿߵ¥µͷѾ¥Ķ¥
ǵöѣ۶һԼ
ڶǰѾ¥ӳƼһĻ£Ҳʵϵλɾϣģ濡Ƕʶˣһͬɡ                    
лҪ˵Ҫϼӣһθ¼Ӻ󡣱д£Ϊֶдǧ֣лλСʹ
----------------------------
ƸСúÿġɰƮˡby
ˮ˰ƮƮðԲû»ԿС
մѩˮſڴߣе̧ۣ𣬹
ˮһܿңҿǰƮ
ˣ̽˷׵úܣհֻһܿ
Ӵˣ߶˸˿ġƮΪ⡣Ʈ˵ÿ˵ܳ˽֪û
Ȼ
ˮ۷Լ֣ˣ
ݣʱѾȥʮꡣ
˵Ȩµ˽зޡ

30  Ѱ(2)


˵žҪȥ, ȴѵס£ɣӡ
Ѱʲô۾ߵӢ, Ī͵İɡ˵͹ĴЦ
Ӣöû˵, гڳеĲ, ˹õĵߣ˵Ҫ˵
һ, кͶѶס, 鶼Ůѽ
ΣС㣬ʲôڹ뷿˵أǵ̻֮, Ҫģ, ղ״򱧲ƽ, ԭᡣ
Ų洦ָļסѹ, 治˼, е, ߡ
Ӣ˽ŶҾ׼̧ȥ
ȴͻȻƵǰСӣѲɾĶŮ䣿δ̫˵زӣ̻֮ǲ
ĵ, Լһʱ
ҵĲոպá˭涨ѰͱӿϲĹﵯҲϲĹãķ
ϣѣ㲻Ǹĸ˵Сϲð𣿿˵ѽ
ʱ䵹ĵĸ˵Ȣ䣬أԼʲôѽ
ˣ˵Ҳûطûй涨ŮãϲðûʲôϵѾ͡
֣²Ǽӳĺÿ˼˻İɣɱˣδ̵̫٩
ɷˣҸʡѼæ⣬Һﳪģ˵żˡ
ȴŲ˵֣˵Ҷ羿ϲǸѦʲôҿӱѦǸ˼ˡ
ͷð亹ӱͷȢǸ񲻹ҲΪãǳд֮Ůʼǿ˰ɡ
ӸջǸ£δ̫
ⲻǻû˵ŴսʵӻҶտɷһ
һ̧ͷһҶȻ޷ࡣ
˵Ҫߡ
Ƥٴסǿ϶Ǿͨɵģһɺã
ֵܶʲôëѵ߾ûлɵˣ
ȴһЩͬ䣬ǳϲͣ㣬ǹ׼̫ѿ
ܵˣ۶ٻӵܺǴȥزڼŮװѰΪӵԿɲô
˵ӣղŸպã⼸շƣŮװѰͼʣڵ࣬¥Ϻüλﶼո߳¥ɡ
кɵĿһ۶ѣάӣĪʲô뷨
ӱ亹Ҳ֪ҹǸϧģΪѡ
оħһ㣬˵ղ߳Ѱ󡣡
ѹô궼޷Ҫװѵܹӡδ̫ץ˰ѱôܲһ
ˣˮǰȥѰӣ״ôһñӣ̫ˬˡ
Թţ飬ӣеĹŮϣ֪ܲԽǲᵯġ
Ӣã㻹ǵøղʱ˵Ǹ⣿ڿʵʩˡ
ٳ빬
ӢõͷóһСذףСĵĲϴ𶯣ϸðûлᣬǻᡣ
кͶһʱûӦѵһģôת۾ͱˡ
ѼˣӢúҪʲô
Ӣò˵˵ÿһѰſȥ
ʵĽ취ոǿӢôסǣڸղӢÿڵһ˲䣬ȴѡ
Ҳĵﻹܵİɡ
˿յϣӢ§סҪʩչṦ뿪ͻȻһű߿
Ѹٵת󣬽ذ׵˵Ĳϣȴڿ˵һ˲ذס
޲ȵĿӢãô£
磬磬ôô졣
˻ͷȥĸ
ԼӣⶼʲôѽԼǳģϽֻԽԽ⡣
̫ӵôѰǻϿ̫ߣ˵ͳų׼üŪۡ
ȴ˹ѣ֪ϢˣСӷ˵ҪͻȻͱĪˣȸ߰ɡ  

һ֪鲻򵥣æøֵܿˡ
ѱ˸ʹɫϽߡ
˵ܣ㵱ҵҪҵ̫Ϊǲװɡ
ȴЦ㲻ϲѦѵǸӲģȻϲһΣ
ҵˣǹҹȥˣ
йЦЦЦҪգܵˣҲҵˣǲ֪ʱѦӻΣ˶ѽ硣˵̧꣬Ѱȥ֣Һżˣȥɡ
ǸĿ۳ף߽Ѱ
ڻʵǰТѵܹˣڱ˿εԣǳ̬
龰ʵ᲻֪໥⣬УĲ˭ƣ˭ʺϡ
Ӣõ䣬Ӣãظˡ
ʱסҪ뿪Ӣʵ⾿ôһ£
֣ɾҲδˣԼظͺáʼգûпһۡ
ظ׼æ˵
̧ͷĮĿܾͻȻ뵽պӢõ̸˵áֻǣ·²Ҫԡ
һ·ԡ
ɫ˶ӰڼžСϲŶУżӭ߹·˾ͻ֣ᷢһϮɫ۵תͷ೤۵ꡣݹĮʹεŨܽë΢΢ͬ˿̵沨޾Ѹԡ
Ҫ޵ģˣǰж໶ϲж㯡
𣬴½ǣ£ļͷ
С
סŲ̧ͷ£ȬϢͻᴫУһӦûн֮¡
صģԻᴦ׵
ͷǰȥŰ벽ľ
˼޻ſڣϵµݸ¿ģСŮü붫׼
ֲּܵǣֻֿܣΪᣬˣʧǰȻУҲԵ޹ʧӢΪеڶλˣ֮ͥµĽٳ֣ӺͶѵڶҹӼ֤ĳ£Ļ̫ѵãӢˣʵӦù뱻ͨӡ
ղԼԣӦ˽ֻ뵽ԼûпǵӢõĴֻҪ޽˶ôôҲֵõġ
ͻȻųʣӹ£еĻϲ̫ʢǲԾ䡣
̧ͷһ˫ǰӣɬǣǡ
¹̫ʣ̫࣬ŮӵϣЩϢ뷲˲£ϡе䱦ռӵС
ǶˣûмЦݣǿЦݶˣӿһȣǰһӵסǰŮӡ
һ͡
һֻůĴָŷ˿ḧĺ󾱣£ҡ

31  ͬ


, ҡǳǰδ˵ڵĻ
˽˵ϣԸüܹѿһ, صޡ
ʲôأЦ, Ҳ̫еҫȨ, ЩҪ
۷ʲô£һҪҡ
, Ψһŵľֻһ¡
ҴӦ㡣
仺˿, 뻳ûٿһۣת߽
ûлضǵةฮ⡣
Ѹû˼, ˸뿪Ѱ
ŸԴ, еһûһةฮȥ, ͻȻһ˵ǰ鲻죬Ҫ˵ЩŵĻ, һ̧ͷͿ˳ס
̫, ̫, Ҫظ㴫Լû뵽
վô£
ЩΪѣûô˵յأ϶˵Լġ
ΣϳŮװӣҪӲ, ֲߣ֪ôߵ˻ͻȻٳʼ磬һԼ˵ĺ
Ӣ书ǿ뿪ףΪҪ
׻ûףѼ˵Ҫ汻ٳˣһҲˣ׮¿ɾȡˡ
𣿰ǷҲ룬ǲƸ۵˼²Լʱϵ롣
ˣʲôڸղЭأ׺޷׽ģܻʱʧıһĴ治ֻȢԼߣ΢һЩ
ˣûӣϵóͻȻʶ⡣
ͣ͡תϼҲһҲһ𡣡
׵ͷûټ׷ʡ
ˣѣտٲˣҪˮˡ
ģϡյ£ԼһʱΪӦ𵽵ס
Сӻظˣʵ
ͻȥġ
ѵͷӦЩŵġ
Ǿ͸Ӧð䱻νˡȻعǰһ£¾ͰˡĶѵļͷ
һصͷ˵á
һҹδߣʵںһСﶼ˵ЩʲôЩҪҪǵ͸϶ǧʲôҲǺõġ
װ磬۽ʲôҪȥߵԼ붫ľˡ
ŲǰʹѾ緹ˡ
ֳôûأȻ˾ϣ˶ڣ׿˵Ļ
ūţӪǰȥƽЩʱˣ褣ˣôСãǫ˵ʱϷΡ
俴ˣкο˯Űɡ
Ȼص˵лҪԴ˵
һ˵˿ӣĿ޲š
Ҿˣ붫
һվʵСãǲǺǣ£ϻΪ¾˸׵Ĺְ
ǲڣ֮ĻʵȴĻʵˡ
ǵģ磬Ҳ֪ҰĽ̫һ꣬ô˵ϲͲϲأ⼸ϸ룬ǳûеõ̫ӻӦԼЩˣ̫žΣҾûǷŲ£ϲģԸޡ
죬ЩΣСãҾǲ֪㲻Ǹ|ĵˣǸϦĵˡ
֮º²ͬӦСáǫ˵
ߵߣҵŮȷʵԸ
ͷȷʵԸ
ãΪ֪ˣ緹ɡδԣֻŮı۰
緹任·űٻ緹ʱʸ׺ʹǷã˭ش˵Ҫ׼ˡ
˵ˣ˻ȥʵ̫ˡ
Ǿ͵żʱЩȻԼͰɡ
ʵҲýͣ׺͸϶ԼģֻҪסǱȥ۾ˡ
˭֪ȵҲûκϢ
оʵոû˳ȥ𣿡
ÿնȥʵ˻ģôӣ
ûʲôϢ𣿡
о̷ӦǲЩ飿ȥ
ȥ˺һᣬоŻһ͹˷ţӣȷʵЩԡ
ô˵
ƺӻЩϵ
ƣЩϵѵӦǹϵ
˵
оƺЩ̲סЦ˵˵ҹһҹ֪ȥѰ£˵̫Ӻ㣬Ȼӵ٣̫ʵʹһء
е£о˵ƺԣƺֲ̫ԣʵЩ
Ĳ̫һزҹһװ̻֮أѵӦԵص𣿶һӢýٳԼһ£ôоû˵أ
оȴˣ˵պ̫ԼȥѰӣûоء
̫һȥѰ󣿻Լ
ȵо˵洫պ̫ԼһȥѰ󣿡
Цѵ˶˵֪δ̫̫ǰ㵯ʵã˵ӾƳԶˣʧ˷ִ磬Цأⲻһҹðأ˵̥
ˣŮӵȥ̻֮飬ֻ˾Ůḡͷ׼ͬȥͳ
ҼȻǺ̫ԼǾ˵زȬһ²ƣ̫ͣӾΪ˶زȬδ޿ĲȥѰء
ԭ˵ƴô
ǺǰЩͬˣǰӲάԼ
о˵·ʱλɾ˵أ˵ԭͺ̫͵͵Լˣֲûͬͻ顣
ˣǻҲ˵ˣֺ˵أܿͳΪˡ
ڶĳףݹʻ
֪֪أ㲻ǲϲӵôַ˼ģ
˵ǣҲѾó»ȥ˵ˣĸأ۷ҪȥȺӲͿŮװӺһŮװŮӳţ˵زȥɢģΪŮӻģͰ쵽Ѱ󡣡
ʱ۾ģҵĸոպá
ݹ۾һУüëһʵǰʱ˵ģһŮӣȻͱ׷£ԭŮӺԨԴ𣿡
ŮӣΪλ֪
ô˵Ǵˡ
ѽЩɣ˵Ĵ֮ͥ£ҪĬ۸⺢滹ѽ
ݹⲽͷҲǣϾǱ´ͻ飬ΪôҲӦ
׵һ裬ĸ¾ᣬͷڱǰԼˡ
ݹһڲ裬ãÿѽȥ˵ûǶġ
ĸˣǺùĽΣ˵žʹһԷõľľУȡ˽γΪݹϣĸӺݻٺʲˡ 
ݹḧΣЦտչѽ߻ҿģ⹦Ͷ񡣡
·æίˡ񲿽Ӧþͻᶨӣܿ˶նˡ
˵ΥĵĻΥĵ£ƺѾ˳ǰ̬
زȬϢܿʹ˹Уʵ񲿾찲˳ˣ̫ӵĴ֮ϾҪˡ

32 


ⳡʢĻͬ, ͬһӭȢ̫λ¶æĲɿλӦԣһλǻʺƾٵ, һλݹֶŮ, λûйҪ
ȻҲ֪Ͳĳζͬ, Ϊ˲ʺ͹ӭȢ߱׼׼һģһ, ʺݹԲö˵ʲôˡ
ԺĶ, ׷ԸѦס¦ϫסɺΪ޵̫ȴĵ
ĵ붫Զ˵̫ӦͬĵΪ, ȴִ, Ҳû˷, ֻհ졣
ˣֻĲã˿Ρ
˹˼, ͻȻ˶, ֺ̫, ֺֺѵ壬ԶӭȢָֻţزĵ
׵˵ͬ˼䣬ҲͲٸ棬佫ܶ챦ᵽĵУһӦﶼõģЩȻҪࡣ
, ֱ׷Ŵ˴֡ҹҹ̸۵лΪڵڶվͻȻˡ
˵Ȼ֪ǺԭֻΨһЭˡ
ǰ죬ż׶µĶ
ܵģʱʵףڶҪϷصлð
Һã˵ֺӢûԣҲֵΪҲ֪ӢǶôˡ
գ˵ʹƸͼģʵǽӢõġ
⼸ӢһֱߣδܵüȻ˼Ľ
ǫõͨ͵ǰԺС˵Ŀԡ
˱ΪǴմļû뵽಼ϡװκͰڼʮ䣬ǰԺŵġ
۶ûӢãֲ˼ֱˣֻ˵Сһ¼ɣҪвʵĵطʱġ
֪Ϊ˵󲡳ͱ߶ˣȥӢȡȥ
ۺǸмĿһ۷褣ǫȴľͷһ˵ӱȥˣӢǿͣͷīȥоȡ
һͼˣ˵ҪȻֱ̧Ժɡ
ЦۻǼأɾһȡ˵žǫһߡ
ǫһﲻ⣬ǰйԼ˵ŻС֪ϲһŮӣֻû뵽˾Ӣã֮࣬Ŀڵ褣ȥӢóɡ
褸ɴߵǰʵĸӣֱȥӢúɺã
ҾŮȻƣ¶лˡ
кߵС̧װ˼ӾԺȥ
һӢþͳǰԺ
ǫ˵ɾʹƷˣӢڣһɾɡ
Ӣÿ˿Ժķ򣬺ܲģԽӣԽǷϣ⼸Ϊ˶ӿģ˵һЩϵ£żȻһЩЦ⡣
ӢתһۣǸЩˣȥ
϶ЦȥĶáȻתǫҾлɾˣǸˡ
Ӣöǫͷ⣬ˡ
ᣬ褴óһۣ޲̾˵䣬㿴⼪ԧϷˮķɫĵףֽ˿Ƿ̫ļ¾ǲһ
˵ҪȥȡԱߵͷڡ
ûó˵褣·ӦǺʵģҲԣ˷磬ЩͷۣϢһᡣ
褹еʵҪҪһƣ
ˣҶɾͺˡ
Щĵһڴߵ˷š
Ǵļϣ˴ۣ·ǰһ죬ʱԣ˷ܵһҹû˯ڿƺļһҲϲ
ܿ쵽ӭգ¶ϲţƽʱʵ޻ĸۡҲװһ
̫ӴϸĳǰһҹǾֵŮ꾡׼
һ磬˯ʵͱŮǵİŪԡ㣬£ױ̨ǰ
Ƕһ˿Ŷͺ̱ʯĽ˿ڴϺŮȥ
ŵŮʢװģۿŮķʵزأ
ҡҡͷȻ¸ݿͷϹŵĽ壬ͷϴŵĽ˿ڷ졣
Ů䣬ĸȥ磬һϣǿҸġ
ڶ仰ˣһΪԼ޸˰Ľ֮ˣһҸģȴһľˡ
޵İ׷˵׷ġ
ıȻŮٽá
ȻɺװõĺѪ⡣ڼ̧źΧİ̧ʽãλϧŮٷϽ
˲ʽΣһǰĻĵľǽαȫδ֪㯣ӴҲû˻ͷ·
ͨ򶫹·һ·ѡ˼壬ѡ˵͸ͱҪ·
ϲ죬յĻʢ̺ͽ˵ľγϵµĶԱȡ
ǰֹֻͣ¼Ů٣ڼŮٽԳȥ롣
ʵۻʺ͹վڵ̨֮£̨ףͣһϣӭԼ̫
Ůε̨֮£²ʽΡźصļ£ͷصĽ˿ڣһһȥ
ַ֣Žġ
ס֣ͬʽȴǲͬľһֻƽһԼסص䱦ϧ
ʽ񲿵ָɣŮͽĵȺ
ͬʱѦ¦ϫµĲʽҲֱ̧ͷɺ
Ůٶȥֻʣһ˵ʱĺ桢Բӣֲһˡ
ţˡ
һ죬Ķˣǰöɵĵһҹûеȵף֪ȻȲɴ಻ˣԱ˯
˻ֳ˺棬˾ԼȣԱˣԼ˼£ĵ÷ڴߣӣϲ׼˯
˭ϻûɵϣŮپͽˣȵĿڵ龰˵̫»ϲϣδ˵ҹĴޣôϲ򣿡
δãˡУ½ҹ϶ҲصˣЩϢȥɡɴʣȥŮ١
⡭
ŮվſҲ֪ΰˣǵһ»֮ҹɵӡ
ϲ޾ֵŮѯʳ׽ҹҪںδʱ˵˵һҹӦ޵еġ
ȴ붼ûֱ˵ȥѦ
Ů£æȥ֪
ĵſڵŮٺ͹սսȵһϢһ̫˵Ҫ̫Ѿ˯£ǻ治֪ΰˡ
װһͷĻ鴲ϣŮٺڼֻź̫ӾޣѦҲŮźȥ˼ͷΣ˾ĳߡ
£񲿣иҲһ˶˳ص˸Ϣ
Ĵϣ۾ȴʮѣܿѦ񽥳ĺ
ǰó»Ѧȥ˰ҹӦû˯þ
ƿᣣ˳ȥ
˯ĺܲȣ˯һˣɴڴ߿Ժеľ
һŷ֣ⲻǰڶסͬĵ
ͬĵԺûСԺиܴĳڵԺֻһСһСͤӣֽ¹ܵİ裬ȴǰĺ˲١
Ǽϡ£׾ʲôá
ˣˣջҪȥ巵밲˯˴ϣƤĳ
ڽξʱȻоһأһȻۣܿŵϤζ

ζϤģϢҲϤģȴӰƵɤ䣬𶯣ұһᣬһᡣ                    
лҪ˵˽裬~

33 


ӱס, ĲûаȫеĺӽȦסеˡ
ģڰһȥ, ʼǿŵ, ڱסе, Ÿо̤ʵЩ
۾塣
, ĵ˯ɡ
ܷŵ, ӦѦеȴܵڶѺǲˣԼҹʹʲôа˹Ҳûܵ, ⶫ֮ı, ϱ̵̫ˡ
, ӦѦķڡ
һ֧忴䣬ҵŮ˷ȥҹ𣿡
˫ҹ۾, ǰɢͷɨԼĲ, Щ, Ʋͷ
׽ָķ˿УӣҹŮӵˮӨҫ۵Ĺԡ
Ĵָ̫ѨλãһһİţȻһһķ˿е硣
, ҵˡ
ȵĺգͻȻƿѹӵˣ
Ҳͬޡ
бӣŮӾǿĲû˵һ仰
еĹԽԽĬĬߵűߣŷڣ΢΢бż˵
Ҳǿ㣬ˣѾǶ̫
ҵǣҵĲǡ
򿪷ŵͣڰգһת壬Щ˻ƣΪ˶ңҶ㻹𣿡
˵ĺָʲôأǸ̫λݣ̧ȥļױСԺ䣿ڳǰѦİٰӣڴ鵱ҲЪ裿˵ĺãû
Ŷͬ˲󣬻ˣ𣿡
סˣû뵽оȻ˿ԼģѵӦΪҹеϲ
ѦǲѶΪ֮ҪݹԸʺͳУﲻõġ
򣬱˵ǱˣԼѱߣ̰ģһûа취Ƶĸ飬֪һôǶԻǴ֣
ڰúõԼǰΪ̫Щ͹ˣӦģԼ̫ļˡ
ֻˣ㡣˵ںĺӣŻ˶Է
Ծ¿𣿿˾Ϳˡ
ã̾һ򿪷ˡ
һɾ䣬ֱͦڷŴֹϺһӿ
´ϣֵһȾҪ˯ıˡ
ˡᣬڼžҹԵͻأ
䣬ơ
ƣ䲻⣬Ϊδʱƻ֣
ţƴҹ£ųһ仰ʣߣ
ˣֳΪ˵
ūƽѺڶһ֧ص۶û뵽ӭ׵̶ӣ֪֮˶Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ԸǲǱǿȵģھʹ뿪˵žҪš
ֳȥ书ǿȥ磬һ˿书ң¸߳ԺӾͻᱻΧס߲ˣ㻹ᱻҲܺ㡣
̫Ӳ䣬֮ǰҶ˵ˣ̫ڳǰƫѦӣͬĵססƫƧĵ
ԭڶƫƧλϣͦã⡣
Ը޽ģֳ߰ɡ
ҲšѾعˣƭǸȴƭң㿴Ͽһ˿ϲ֮ɫĶҹΪ̫ӻҹŹ˲һյ蹦ˣ
ҸߵģֻһЩ죬ϲûϲ֮ɫҿǻϲϲϲʽεġ
Щףƽصƣô˳嶯
Ƴ嶯Ϊʥּ֪˰䲻Ը޽Ҳ֪ԼûŮ֮飬ϣⱲܹĺã޸֮ҸˣҪͱ衣
һӽ˼أȴܿܵ˿ί
㲻ԸߣҲǿһ˵ҪߣҾƴҲߵġ
ƵУһЩЦЦֳģûί
ǵģΪ̸ֺί
ϣ㲻ڿҵġɲġ
ġֳ߰ɡ˵žͰűߡ
ƲĿ䣬ӻͳһСɵذ׵ݸذŷ˵ֿһ۰䣬ջ뿪ˡ
ذףƬ̣ߵߣѹͷ£ڴϣƺһЩܿ˯ˡ
ڶо𴲵ģڿоһɲǣ˵شӴϷչŮ˵ܴһѾߣ鵱ǲģҪڶղܹû뵽˿졣
оʲôʱģ
ҵӣ첻ˡ
оߵױ̨ǰױóԱ˵о㲻ϲ𣿡
ʳڣŷ֣оûԼǰ˵ϲԱǱʶƺѾ϶ˣæָĿڣÿ𣿸㡣
оȴûӹȥӣѾӣôܹԱأ
֪һԼǷоվԼǰȴﲻˡ
ץоϣ֪𣿡
огʪѾҹˡ
ã˶ǵĿӾˣоɵɵ֪֪
о˵㵽˻޵ˣš
Ӹԭ𣿡оимζ
ȻǣһҲ᲻оֻǺ£Ȼ֪ǰ·գôоԼܿأ
ǸϣҾѵ˳׵ͣͱϹ޲ȥඡ٩š
һҲޣߡоһᣬ˵ţҪǸߣǲҪҡһȥͶݽȥֻأˮߡ
ͻȻɬ̣֪Ѿͷ϶ͬ⣬û뵽˵ôһо֪ģпȥͶݽġ
̧ͷ˿ͬǰһĵҲһвõ¶ǿԹܵġ
úúã㲻ԸҾͲǿȣһҪңҿ϶ȫǡ
о죬֪ΪҺãӽĪҪ˵Ļˡ
о֣Щ˵˵ˣϴɣһỹҪȥ巵밲ء
ͳײȥ巵·ϣ㷲б˿Ѧ¦ϫ£һǰ巵£ˣֻǲ֪һ¦ϫ£ֻһ龰ˣԸ֦ڡ
ϡʺ밲ˡ
ŽˣˬʵЦɡ
Ͽһ䣬Ƭ˼룬ʺݹ֪ΪʲôΪĹùûмơ
˿鶼Щϲ
ĶŮ
ǡ
ϵͷ˼Ȼʵɻᴵѣ
仰ǸӣϱӾΪ仰ǰ˸
ǰΪֻʵۻģ˵ԼᣬȻȷǻᣬȵȥĻĶǡɻҪǻǰʱģӣʱòѣһӴ̸öе
ʺݹæѦ٣ǵ˻ϵĳޡ
˵˵ȥԹñˣԹǰԼ̫뾡ϿԼ˸Ц
˸񣬡ػϵĻᡣ

34  ŭ


ʵǻȻ˵㿴, ׷˵պãп޶֡
ǣ
ʵѦ¦ϫ£ûʼ, ˵, 󲻱밲
, ʼճ׶û˵һ仰һһյ밲ǰȵ̫ƽЩ, Ѿ׼ҪӦԸͻ龰, û뵽˾ͽˡ
Ѧ¦ϫ»˸Եĵһֱ
밲ʱнţע⵽ȥʱ·ʱ, ǿʱܵľ
ԭĵڶϱߵĹսǴ, źܶ÷, ֻ֦룬Ӧú
ͻȻ, ǰ޻окܶ÷, ǰһ÷, ֻʱ÷񶬾ͺúһͰɡ
̤ĵԺ䣬ŷ֣˵СǾ£СεԱСͤ˻Ұ׵Ĵʯ, ͤӶϺԶ»ɽˮͼͤзʯʯʺһΣԱߴĻڷ絲꣬ѩι㶼Ǽõȥ
Ժӵһ˼Ź＾Թŭţ˱ǣˬ
оǱ㿪ʼ𻨾ưɣˣˮ𻨸ҲһЩ
оʵӿԸˣһϲԵӣҼ塣
ҡͷԼȤ֮µΪǺȤ޷֡
ղԡоĵĹԺ͹ˣȥ˽һ°ɣûʲôģռһЩ𻨣æԼģҡ
鸮еСԺ䣬оľ˵ĵĹҪʮӦöͨģһʼһЩˣһж˳Ҳͺˡ
һӹ𻨣ҪһЩõģƺ⡣
ȥСӣŶ̫ˣǺɩС
ͷҡȾͽˣɾȥ磬ʲô
浱Ըѽһ綫ʹšȥƼ׵ĺ֪ҹ϶ûɶ¡
ԻĵԼװģʵ˳ҹֱŤˣ͵͡
ɩѽ
ʲô˼
ϣɩ֪ѽ㿴ĵƫƧеӣݻˡңǳɻǰ絽ƾɵСȻֵŵģ֪ɩɻ⣿
һӾЦˣ⣬ˡ
ǾͷɩпӢǰԼˣ
ѽǿΪӢû˼
ȴƲƲ죬˵ҲǿΪ㻨˼ءһһľһһΣһѡģԼǱ˸ˡ
ˣ㽫װ˺ã̫Ը⣿Ƕ
صˣǶûңǴΪװĵ£ǵ˵ͳġ
ĴĹŮ˭֪мǻʺģмݹģܳѾĵĹˣ¶ҪСġ
ͻȻĹϣܿⲻ̸˵ɩժôҪʲô
ƣ𻨸⡣һˣ۲Ը˵Ͳ׷ˡ
˵ɩĹ𻨾ĺˣʲôʱܺһ
ڹ£һܺˣʱӢö
ͻȻһת˵ɩһ£ˡ˵ž˳ȥ
ȥҳȥˣȥˡ
һյĹ׾ĵ˵ĵһյνǷһٶȡ
һʹ󳳴֪ᴵѣڸǰ˵᣿
һӹ𻨻û˳׵
ѾϰˣǰҲˣҪͲҪʦ
ߵĹŮõĹȥų׽
֮ǰǰ㼱ӭȥȻίĽͣˡ
пԣŪЩ𻨣׻ЩģǰϾͿʼ˽ͣôվվˡ
Ҳ봵˵
̬Ҳʮֲͬѹǽͣ
׿һܵĹŮŭ˵ȥ
ڹŮȥصĹš
ŵһɲǣ̾ˣߡ
϶Էȴվĵ˵ôŭҪӿô죿ҵûʲôСҪػˣ
ױװŭڳȼյͷĸŮԼػѵģ
ѽѽ
Ѿˣý㣬ȥҲͲǳܳĪŭѦʱʱƣŶⱲӻ˸¦ϫ¡
㡭
£䣬˵
ˣ£ϲ徲ģԣǰﻹҹеŮģĵ˶
֮㡣
ɻĿ䣬ǰ½㣬ΪͲܵ͹𻨾ƣ͸Сʳ
Ƭ̧̣ͷʵĲң
ĵͷ롣ɺҲ
ҽ㣿
š
Ըͬ˵ֻʣһ򵥵ġš׿һ۵ϵĹʵ𻨸˿ɷҳ
ձҺöˡ
ǹأ
˼һҪźһȣ¾Ʋ̫ӵ˾ذɣȷʵСһЩ϶
˵ֱӴ˷š
εվƬ̣ٲߵԺ˵ӽĵ£
õϢѦ˵Ĳˣ׼ʳϸųףȲҵȲ˳ȥ˷ɺϢ
ɺУ¦ϫЩܳһʼ֪ԼѡΪĸˣ֪̫ӵ²ϲԼΪʺųΪٵɻǰʢ̫ӶѦİٰӣԼó·ǳѡ
û뵽ϲ콵ⲻڶգ̫ӾԼ
֪ܿˣ̫ӸģĥģңԼĥһīһϲ裬һϵо
£˭˵ȥ˵װ
ⲻڶѦŶ̫ӵĲӦ໥ӦĻ̽ʱԴ˵̫һҹû˯ڵһ磬û¾ͻذɣһҪ
ѦɲǺǵģö֪̫ҵˡ
Ǵҹ̫ڵ갲岻ʣҹչ̫ˡ
¦ϫһˣԭͷһĶˣֲҹ¶磬һ̫Ӷһ㷴ӦûУǳԱˣԳˣûطǲˣġ
ɫ㣬ñȲˣֻ̫ʱ˵ҪأҵϢˣͲͽˡ
˵ֱӻ޵
Ѧһڴ֮ͥǰų̬
պ󣬴ӶһϢ̫ӳλҹҹ裬޶ȡ
Լʲôûװ˸ǷӢ·ǳҲǿЦã˵ᣬֻ֪϶Ǹˡ                    
лҪ˵̾~  Сɰ߾Ҫڼ϶æ졣ǧǧҪңһ˵

35 


˵, һ㲨ûǼٵģҲֻüʼ磬ƺо˵Ǳ˵һ, ׼оš
Ҫһ, ׼ò, ø㣬, Ưȥ, ˵ע֮еĻ
һ붼̫΢ˣȻǰѾ΢ˣ͸ͷ­ȥЩ¡
Щ, , ˺Щ𻨾, ͵괺ճˡ
ͬȣ׿æúܡ죬Ѧ˵븸׺͸, ҪŻһ, ޷ǾҪ֪̫ж谮
ɳ޽Ůûһ˵, ӿȥʡס
ݹ˻ʵͬȥʡףҪѦһײѣֻǰȥ
û뵽򸮻û죬¦ʹ˵֮¦񽫾æڱ߽, ûмǰŮҪʼͨڻš
ǻʵ׼Ҳòȥ
ԭΪǼ򵥵Ļţȴ¦һΪѽ硣
һ˵Ÿлʺƾ٣һ˵ӻһŮ¦ϫ¶ȥߣһ˵ݹüĿ϶Ǻġǲɢ˸ˣ¦ϫҲøĶԺ򣬶ųױĳһϳΪ̫غñ߽⡰̫ӡ˵ʮء
ˣͨ˫ۣ¦ϫµַڳУ˵ϫ±׾źˣ̫Ӷൣ
¦ΪˣλϽΪڽոԼ˵һڴ֮ûлص۶͵Żŵġ
ǵǰĹͷ¦δ¦ʺĹϵ᲻ɴݣȻء
ʺ¦ϫ³ΪһӴԼ϶¦˲ٺô¦Ȼڱ߹صĶ¦;
ʺȴˣö˶ˡʺ̫ӱϺ¦ϫµܺõȥأԼ̳дͳ¦ϫ·¦ֺγٻͶӵ;
¦˵ôĨǵģʲôѱ˻ʺУֱֲվӣҲԼΪ¦һɣΪΪ¦ˡ
¦ΪҲ֪ģǰԼ¦ϫ²ᣬţΪԼŮĸףԼ谮ŮҲǿ⡣
ףĴ󽫾ͶԼٺòˣҪ¦ΪԼЧǶ¦ϫȻ̫䵭
г»ʱѦװѾˣ¦ϫ²ͽǻԣ˭ҲԼҲȥŰ䡣
ס¦˵¦һƬ֮ģ׼ˡ
ȴ¦йţѣֶ˼ֱ˯ȥ¦ϫ²Ŵ¦
¦ضĵڶ죬׾ͽӦĶЭȨ¦ϫ¡
ֻ֪λĻˮĲ밢ۏ
ʹȻˣΪηҪȢӣұȢͲ֮С
̾һ˵ȢһѲϣҲԸŮҵޡߣҺ°ȲҵǻͼˣֻȷߣҲŰġ
û
׵һϵΪӽ㵽ЭȨ˿һܳ裬ʱпܱϵ̫
ʺݹĵߣܿ춼ȥͷɺ
ݹһϢ˶ѯΪΰѶЭȨ¦ϫ£ֻ˵¦ϫ¸ϸĿһ鲻ʺϱá
ףĸ֪һʱ¦ϫ¹Ҫ֪һƬġݹţ¦ϫһǹ߻᷿֮ġ
׹Ƭ֮˵֪ģϫ¶ԶҲģĸͱˡ
⻹ǳ׵һֱӾܾŮ֮ݹǲֵģֻǺڣΪʲôûм¦ϫ붫ֻ֣̰īһôͺԵʵǣԼϣʱǲ˵ġ
ݹ֮󣬳׼ȲȥҲȥɺԳæΪҹҹ
ֻ̫ӲȥΪѦʧˣȥɺݹʩѹĽ
ֻг»֪̫ҹ˾֮ʱĵ⣬վ÷¿ѾϨĵ
»ôҶ
»һʱ⣬£ѵ
ˣǰͬĵ˼ԣﶬҶ䣬ժҶӣ޼СʴֲҲڴѩ׷׵Ķ˼
ֻǣȥĵвûм࣬һ䲻ͬˣҲˣȴĽ
»ԡ
»ʱ⣬Ӧ˵ǡ
½ܿ͵ˣĵһգǸ͸飬˵Ҫá
ֵʵߣԼ۰ãסڽĵҴڶվͱ㣬˶˶ЭȨô̫ȢΪڱȨƣһ㶼ϲġ
׿ǫ飬ͷۣôǵľӸأһԼǰĽǰ˵˲ԼĺûֿȫޣɲΪ£˸ҡ
ֵţʱû˶ߣ취ͣ˷ġѦ¦ϫ¶Ѿ˹涨ȻҲԻš
ǫĵ˵Լ뷨
˺󣬵˵Լظͺãͷ̫ӵͬȥ·ģҲø׺͸絣ĵģȻ˵ҺܺãסƫƧԺԼҪģЭȨҲҲҪģǾԲԵĵġ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ˵»ǵôѰʱӦʲô𣿵˵۷ʲô¶ỤҵģΪرҵȻҲά£Ե·ļɡ
δĵԣûʲôôġ
ڸϣԼԼ֣Ҳȷ֪漰֮漰ã漰׺͸磬ԼǶԵģ˵ѻ
䣬ҼǵáһԸ
ˣɾŵΣ̫λǾᶯҡġ
Ĳˣദ֣ᵣĵġ
˵һ㶣ʶͰ򵥣Ըӵǣֶûй
䣬֪һ㶼֡
Ҳ룬Ե£Լɡ
׿˾ǿİ䣬Σðɡ
ڶգѵõױ
ӽջظáоһ߸췢٣һ˵š
ЦҪ͸绹ӢȻġ
ӢòڸˡоӴ鵱ϣӢþͰ˸˵߶ŶգӳˣҲסˡ
䴹ͷŶɾӦӢðźˣֻǽټͲˣϣӢҵʦ壬ܺɾ쳤ؾá
ȻһֻǶ˺챦ʯ˵ղҪţֻá
˶ſӭӣڵ̫ǲͬˡ
ͣ£밲һʱӦæ
ǿȥɡ
һԷʱͶԳ˵һЩԼϣ˵Ļѻ
ѽֳ̫ϳȻԼŮû֣֪۰Լ
Ůͦã徻С
Ůĳ䣬㲻ӱܣҪϺλˣ֮ദǴ㶼Ҫˡ
һûҪʺ󣬵ʱΪ˿Ĺɵ˵Ů֪ˡ
㣬飬мȥһת̰īһȻ᰸ֻǱ²Ը֮˲ûвһֱҪæ߲Ǹ̲аҲ߲Ҫȥˣһذ㣬ϸоһͬȥݣ֮˲ס
黹û˵վ˵ȥ
ѽ
ڣӳĵֹ˶ٴζҪȥݶûֹסҺݰȫˣôھȻҲٴöȥ

36 ԭ


С, ôֹȥݣϴǲǴݰȫβ׼Ѿָ͸õˡ߹, ļͷ, , ոǿûµġ
ϴΰֳǻ˵Ĵݻ𣿡
Ϊֻ, ǷҪ², ȻǰȫΪˡ
׶˵ˣûа취ֹˣܿ뵽һ취
ԭҪ̫ɽǰ, ܻȥд, һо, ضףһ⽻īȥۡ
ںͼ˸, ִӺ͵͵, һװ, ˵ĵطӢá
Ȼ֪ӢסģӢԼ
佫ȥӢһ˵ӢȻԥ˵Ȼ㲻ģҵ书Ҿһˡ
, Ѿûж̻ѺڣˮǱˮµŽٴˮ·ܰȫȥ̽̽·ֱ顣
ǰ˵֮ɱҲݹֶӣѦĸѦΪȻ֪̰īһǷҲѦΪԿֲ²ų
ǰ֪ƺһЩҵȺӢȥ̽飬Ѧ̰īйأЩҵ϶ɾ
ͽ̰ī¼У߼һͬȥ̽飬ҲʵɣҪǶúõڸУ͸ûҪ¡ˣȻŲû˵ˣǾԼʵʩ
ӢȻΪżǴӦ
ĳڴŵһ˲䣬Ȼֻ֣ء׼ȷ֪˰˼
м£ֻҪ뿪
ʵʱѾ˺ܶ飬ڶĵÿιι㣬飬㣬ƣܹڳеĵλ͸ǰȻҲŶ
˴λظ֪Լ޹ʧȻᱻὫƽȵ뵽С
Ȼ׼ȷе˼ôܲأİ便Ҫʲô᲻ʲôΣգ
»
¡
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оվһԣӳ׽ʶԼӻΣգȻҲԳ಻֪ԼӵİΣҪ
£оǰһ̫ܿȥݡ
üͷʵ˵
оͰʱ˵һ飬ʶڵͬʱҲעһϸڡ
˵̫ΪجԲĴֹȥ𣿡
ǵġ
ѵǰֻξķʽ֮Уε𣿳ȻɬϣεǰЩ飬Ѿھ⣬ֲˣүһҪ˶Դ
便ε˶ǰ飬ڴ˿̲ص㣬صǰȥݣǸΪյĵط
оȥɣĵúõš
оº󣬳»˵£Ҽȥ̫
ҡҡͷ̫ȥ
̰ī֮£û˽ᣬͻһֱҪȥݣҲһֱģֻнȫȫŻģеһʯͷҲܷˣİȫγ롣
Ӣ˳֮Ȱһߴ򸮵ĲҵһߵƵĵ
ֵǣû֪Щҵ򸮵ģæµʵںͷ䶼е㻳Լǰļǲ˴ҲѦʹ˴̰ī֮º޹ϵɱΪ¡е¶Ĳ²⣬ڿԼҲĲ´ˣǰȻݣΪ̰īһ¡
仹ûӢøݵĵڶ˸ǡ
ѵҵʱ̫ģݾˣ
ֻֿܣһǱ򸮵˶ˣǱ̰ī˶ˣǲҪȲҪжˣƵٹͬ顣
Ӣò´ˣЩٵˣȲ򸮵ˣҲ̰īصˣǳˣΪǱǵİȫ
棬ʵûе̰īֻѯݵĲҵ𣿡
ǡ
ӻ֣¡
˼ͻȻǵǰվԼ棬һ¾ǽѦôѹ֬࣬ɱ޹գ͢˲֤ݰڵ˳ϣѦ󱻴ɱС֪Ƿ֤ϲû˵Ѧε̰īйء
ȵȣͻȻ˵ǰ˵вǵ˱ݹͬݹõ޷Ǿô壬ǰͷҲΪ˲µ壬Ȼûκ
ǰṩѦ֤ʶųѦңʵ»᲻ǺѦйأ
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׻ȻǰѦҵɱ飬ôӵͶܹˣϾѦȷԼˡ
ǰ̰īǰ󣬺ʶԵѦң׹ˣ±ضѦйء
ΪʲôǰԼô˼鲻أͻȻ˸ʶµ̬ȣ鲻Ҳ鲻ǻʵ۲ǲ鵽
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̰īǣӦòֹ򸮣Ҳֹ̰īһ飬ǣһȫһ
ⲻǵƽ֮ʵҪĴҳ¶ԣֻҪԼģͿԿ໥ƺ⣬λ
ΪεɥĸԼݹֱӸʺҲˡ
ݹĸЧһʵۣҲûʺΪԼĶӿһλҵκһҶ޷ǻʵ۵Ŀġ
ǰ̫ӵĳ׸벻ĵھλԼһ֪
ͨΪ˿⣬ڻԭǰµȥ
ǵõĴ𰸣̰īѦΪǰѦ
ֻڻʵ۵Ŀǰֻ֪鱻ѦǸɵӣʲô֪
һעͬˣ˶ѵİ˺
һлȻʣȻ֪˴𰸣Ǿȷķһŵĺʤȯգǰôˣ¶ˮʯ
Ȼ̫ҪѦңǾͲѦҡ
أǡ
˵⻹˰УһֱڵõѦ̰īص֤ݣݹİѱˣԼ뿪ݹʱӦò̫Զˡ
ֻм£лǻҵģǾоаΡΪôεʵԣѲ֮ǰεʲôӦˡ
жǰ飬ǽֻһУö֪ȴĻҡ
οԼʹεУҲӦòͬˣ˲¦ϫ£ôشĸı䣬Ӧð仳εʵԡ
׳õվڴм䣬ȴһ̲ͣе˼ոǰ̰֮ī£ξͳµ
̾һ̫ʦϣϱԼ˰̫࣬ǲϷŹΣðξʽ֪Լһɱˡ
ֻһ뷨ǾǣԸֻһ£֮⣬ǰ

37 


һ´, Ϳ˲ԶӭǵӢá
Դ֪˸ٱ㲻̽飬˭ϵǲ̽ǸٵҲͲٸˡ
˻ǾƣһͬԲߡ
һ, ýŮװͷ, ʲô֪ôܵˡ
ͷ, ʵ֮ǰɻ, ̫û˵ѰҰɡȻǴ, Щġ
㻹֪ӿ󡣡˫ֲ
æ˵ģδˣҿźƽȡ
䣬ڿûʲô, û, ǿɲ֪
§סļ, ϶Ϊ㣬ͱˣȻ, Ǿȥͺˡ
ƿ, , ĺ֣һˣʲôõĵģǸʲôΣôϧոմʹӶֻܳΪ˿סң
䴹˵ǸһӢõ, ̧飬еί
ŭһСӣĻͽһ롣
硣ŴŴĺһ
˺ˣ²ΪŲǰ档
һջӢþֱ˵ˣûв鵽йѦҲҵκ顣
ƶһ㶡
䣬Ѳ̰īѦҵйأʵ
ͷǵģڶ͵ģ̫ƺ鵽һЩ
ûֱɱѦһŮҪ书û书ɱҲ߸Ӣָָ֣Ȱ˵ȥɱˣӢͬˣʱûɱӢá
ʼûֹͣѦ٣Ѧûˣ͢Ĭų͢εҲѦ
ǰԶѦ֪ѦʲôˣЩȻṵ̂īһ£ҵһЩģȻö֤ݴȥǰѦؽܷġ
һ£ûϡ
ǰӢõݣôҲܲ鵽Щ˿û뵽ʲôû鵽
̰īҪҪ취עѦϣѦҪġ
ʵûʲôɣʹų׵Űɡ
͵һܺõĽڡ
͵ʲôʵ
ʵҲĲУ̰īĸ֣Ѧĸ֡ΪԼ˵޷졣
ǾǣʵѦҺ̰īûйϵû壿
޹ĵͷ
˵Ȼ̰īûиõȥ飬Ͱ˵Ȳһɡ
ʵڸмڹؼʱԼΧ
ҲԣͿʼ̽
ƲǾǫ鰸ˣܿͲ鵽һĲҩѦй 
͵͵ƹ󣬿ҪȥһСŪõʱ˺ӵļũײһ𣬵ȱײĵãٿȥ˲ˣ
ǣԲͨƹ񣡡Ӣ˵
˿϶⣬ʹ̰ī֮£Ҳ¡
Сһͬǽұһ˼ңһӣߵš
ˡ˺ܿӦ 
һ˴š
㣬·ģˮȡƵ
û˿ԥɡ
ܾﲻԾɻҪҵǸƹռϷ硣
Ȼ⣬һžСܲ鿴
һҲûкǣֱ߽Ĵˮ
ҼҵˮɽϵȪˮء
ˮʶ϶⣡ոһ̫õɣ⻧˼Ҳڽ棬ˮȱȻҲֲ˿ûлֱӽýš
ԺҲͷѯʣǺܿͶˮˮȻ˲ɾĶŻˮΪڡ
˶һۣȽӹˮ̣ȻԶˮӡ
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Ǹһ鼴Ҫӹ̵ʱһɣ뻩ڵˡ
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˵ڿջǣ㿴ֲ书ҡ
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Ӣ书ץˣǶ绤ӳȥ
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˵Щ˾ɱ˹ӢҪߣץסĸ첲ߣ磬ߡ
ӢÿΣýɱˣһѽƵ黳ߣｻң
Σֻץĸ첲ȥ
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׳һӶΧ˹ƺӢøæɱſȥ
ƹ𹭼׼ؿڡ
һ˲Ӣи֪ý˭֪ڶ֧Ӣ÷תһܣȫ¡
ƹü˸֡
һӣֳʮˡ
ͷ˵ҵ¡ԴӽԼ䣬ʹûаģʱ̱ž衣
һʼӢõ飬ûϣΪݶʱʲô£Ƶĵ鸴
㣬͡
ֻû뵽ĸ˳мǸŮӲ书书ǿòصų
׼ƹĴһ
ƹĿȥֻһż֡
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ţ
ӦӢû䣬Թ˲Ͼ
˻Ӣóʹһ֧׼ȷĸ첲
ƹеĹصͷҵߣûôס
ԼṦû⣬ȴûб´ֱӷɳСԺ
ӢʹϵĽɳԺǽʼò
һ龰˵Ƕˣӳȥ
кҪûԼ˼ʹץƹҲᱻǲ书Լǡ
˺ϵһ鲼ҴҸӢ˵ĸ첲ȦӢã˵Ͷȳȥȥơ
Ȼֶһֱǰ˵ֳ˾ȥݵפӪұΧ
ǶߣҲµġ
ô˵Ĳ֪Լܷ߳ȥ
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ѽǶѵҪҼǵǲſ𣿡
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˭Ҳû˵Ļֻһƴɱ
Ҫ˵Ϳһʱ츹ƣѪֱϡ
ȵĸоʹ񾭡
ƣһ˵ǰ˾ƣ˭󵶷ͻԣһǱֱۡ
Ӣۼֿ죬˲ͻϮ֮˵ض
УԲС
ƺڸԼƬ̺۾Ҫ˱СȦӡ
䣡ʱ̹עΣо춯̽
ͷĴ󺰣䣬ʲôҪˣ
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ˣƹĿ¶׹⡣
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˻ųƴ
Ӣúֻ˻ߣ˶һһĵˣӦӲϾ
ֻע⵽ߵĶ
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Լˡ
ʯ֮䣬һӰ֣Լǰӭһ
䣡䣡ƿǽļιǴ͸ѪĽʹ˫ۣסص䣬һۣʱ״ϵ͹۵˲Ⱦ˺죬ɱǣﹷ֣
俴һͱԼˣǷһƹĵľˡ
Ӣ˳Ƶƹľѣƴɱȴʼձǰϳֵĵš
Ƕ
俴űӦɱſڵˣ򷴷ɱԺƹɱȥ
ߡߡнȥǣߡ
ʶԽԽģŲӿĵˣɱȺеļ˺ѣģ̵ģˮűûġߡʧʧȥʶһ˲

38 


˺ܳܳһ, Ǹĺӣ߸߾£ĺǿġ
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ŮӿԼ, ֿ, Ůӵ͸𣿰أҪһ𣿡
͢Ժܿͻµı飬ҴӿĻҵѵҪһ𣿡
汲ĻҵҪŮȹ̣䲻Զ, ϣ粻Ҫڡ
һߡ
, ڹĸյʱ򡣹ĸ˵СֶŮʱѾʮ갢ŵ˹
ĸʱһ, ֻʱ䣬Ǹ绪Ůӣ, ݲ԰, ס˵ , ʱ׸ȥֱֻأԼи⣬С㣬Ҳ޽㵱û취ȫĽأ
ʱΣ⺦, ȥȻ˵С˵Ļ
Ӧңðصޡ
Ҫ˵ʲôͱڡ¼ݵͨ
俴۵ӸŹĸգ˵ЩʲôȴôҲ壬ʶʱ򣬻Ǻʲô˹ȥ
һǵİ׹⣬壬ٿʱԼڴϣԶվŵʮԼ
ת񣬸Լյ׸ģ۾ȴȻ塣
ȴ䣬˵䣬ôУ˺󹬶һ˿ɺã
䣬һǰ˵˲Ϥ۾Ǳӣ죬ϤƺǺ׽ˣȴôҲ벻
ڴϵӦԼĹĸڹĸǰӦǵ£ǣǻĸźѪɫײУҪҪ⸱ӡ
ϺţҪؼңҲǻҪؼҡҲ޷
ͻȻĵʹ
ʲôôʹͷλãһںڵģźܯ}ˡ
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ûü˼ʱΧĿռ䶼Ť
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䣬֪Ҷôʧȥ㡣ò
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۾ĺܳһʱ䣬һƬհס
䡣
ǸϤתͷԵˣƬ̵Ĵ㶺еļſʼ
ղˣ˳ףʹôĳУȴǲ˭
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ĵܹȥһѱ𣬿һϢŮӣ˼㣬ͫ΢űŰϢ
ԼӱŮӵĸ첲ͣĶеŭ̱ŷ
ֻһʻȫɱˣǺź
ݵ۶һһҹصҹߴ粽룬ҹҹۡ
ʧȥĪĿ־ռģһһԼٴ뿪Լô
ˣ߻衣
ǵģѾˡߵĶ̫֮λԽԽѵĵ£Ѿȫ˼ֻΪĵйȥӡֻƣ޿ɿƵı¶ġ
ԼͰĵε̫ҽߵţ˶˳ȥ
ʺ¦ϫ˲ݹѦҲֻҪǻʵԳ棬˭ʵȴ²̬˿ʺݹԼ롣
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俴ǰ㲵ӣǳĺƽʱӴྶͥ۵׵Ѫ˿
ʹ봥ǳĺ磬ĳûûһ㹥ԣſԼ˳Сᡣ
ָⴥӲӲĺ磬һҲ֡Цˣԭӵĺġ
һι̵䵽ϣΣΡ
䣬֪ж຦¡
֣תϣЩԾĿ˫۾
ʣ۾
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Ψһµֻʧȥ㣬䡣
Ϊĺ£޷ѦҽԼ̫ΪλݵǣԼ˺޷齻ȴ˵µʧȥԼ
±ô˵Ӧò㣬Լ͵͵ҪȥݵġѾˣ³æ

촽ϵӲ»û˵Ļ۾ӲһƬհס
Ȼعʶ
ֻĽĴϣĦǻ
ĴߵĶߣ䣬㲻Ҫҡ
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ɻĿʵڲףҹҹǲϲ˶ЭȨǲϲֻһǲϲ
˵һģԭ˱Ҹ
ײԣ⡭Ǻ⣿
½ĪҪ˵ЩԻĻҲҪЩԻ£ֻ밲ĵ
ĵģϲ㣬βң
ϲһ˿ʲôʱԸı
֮ǰϲѦΪװϲ¦ϫ£Ȩ˵ϲңǲŮӾֱˣأˡ
˿ڵľʹ
ƺͣ˺ܳһʱ䣬
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Ŵֹϡ
תͷŽյķŷ
Ǿ䡰ϲ㡱ϱѽȣȵ˶ûȵֱڻܼԼжôϣܵõϲ
ոˣһӦȻǻɣʶΪ˵Ǽٻ
֪Լų׵ĹˣѾõĻʱǿĲǼǷ񶨡  
Ҳãްͦá                    
лҪ˵Σεʵк׽ˣȴﻥʶ

39  ֪


Դճ״ĵ, ճϳǹÿ鵽ҹûȥκ
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飬죡ѵ
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źһԵī˵ſڣҪ˽
˵ԭѦѦɱҲѦֻ̰ǡ񣬡»λڶ
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Ӧúȥݵ˴ʱÿؼʱͶˣⲻ鲻˲²飬ҲΪ̰ī֮Ѿ˽ᣬԷɾлɳˡֹ˾ǸʣеԭΪǣĲֻѦҪȫ˭һĿȻ
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óһݸѦˣڲݣһЩH£ڲûȷ֤ݣֻҪһܲ鵽Ұǣʱһó֮á
˶֪Ѧȷȷ̫|ӵ̫ȴ飬þٳȻ̫ҪѦҵƿأȻǺʱҪȴ
ͻּ´֮ʱΪ˰䣬ϳѾûѡ񣬵˵ϳ
ʼձеƽѾбˡ
׽ӲЦЦλϳΪŮվҲΪ˶վ棬УΪǱΪҪġ
֪ǰǫ͵͵߰䣬û˺֮Ҿͻ˼ɶԸԼûߣʱˣҶƴȫڶ֮гԼ
룬ʱӦûЭģеƷԺͰĴջûȫǻ֮ʼĴңԴ
ָӵıȻ֮λ޴ǣֻ˸ְΪΪ٣ûҪɱǣ˭֪ǲգǫ練ս
֮ǰյ˵ĴţѦɱ࣬ϣ뿪Լ仹ûþյ˵ʹϢ
ΪβʣΪβҹɴȴɱԾҵķʽ뿪
ײ֪ǣûҪɱ
У飬ȴǸþҲǱҲ飬Ҫ˺κˡԣ˶ȥо綾֮ʹûһ˿ȥʱ뵽ֻж뿪޾䡣
ЩǰһУԺʱʣֻǴˣҲԽԽľ
˽һµĲ˶Ȭˣ׺Ҳû˵æڳͨﵩ顣
˺ܶ࣬ȻǱ֮ˣϾԼüΣѾɥȪˡ
ΣǸ˵лģһ̰īǷ˽
֪ͱڵ⣬˵̫ӷԸ˭˶Ҳʹȥ
ת˺̫
ͷ֮˺İ˴ִ߳·ǳ׵֮ˣϸϸǰҲû
ǰ˶պڣѾ౻ʹǳΪʺҲٳ޻ϵúҲӦ
ɺһķ˺üңǸų״ǻ˼ңۿӱ̫ݻص۶ĴϷһУҹػ粽롣
̫ڵǺλãˡ
̫ӳĵûкù÷æĹԼ֪϶ǷһЩʲô
϶̫ӲԲ̫ġ
º̫
ЦЦǵµĽɣȻæͲΪˣҸ
̫ȥͨ
״ԭȥĵȥ֮¸֪ģҲһΡȴʮֳհ˵ĻĻصڶߣʵڲ֪Լ˵ðԼ
գ»һ˷ܵĽ˵£̫
˵˭Ҳ˵˭
»Ц˵£̫ոպ˵ģˡ
ðһûЦֹϡ
һνǰ뷨跨һЩ˲
Ҳȫǲļ䣬ҲȹҲԹĸ㣬ʱ򻹻պá
ת͵˵Լ粻ʱԼǹ⣬ʱȫǺ
״ǰʵ䣬ɺЩûвģÿ˸㰾Ĳҩɶˣ
»ʮֻң˵ţſڡ
޴󰭡˸񣬡Ҫл¾֮磬ֳӢлˡ
˵ʱʼմûп
סļ򣬡붬ˣ岻ãԺҪ¾ùҹȥĵ
Ȼ̧ͷеܳͬʱǲԡڹֻӲ˻߳˼£Żȥʵǰͨʵ۶ĹȻһġ
ڳ˵ĻͺǶӣ绻˻
䲻ң澸˴

40 ʧ


ȴ䵭, £óһʳУ򿪣ȡһӣҼ塣
ճ, ·, ֪㰮, һݡ
˵ʱܿģűĺ, һݵ, εš
ǰΪİȫǸϤĶԼֿ̱̫ӡ
е죬ӣҼŴģȴζͬ
ԹԵ˵Ż, ֪ճ, ȥ˺δ
üͷ, ԭͲͬĵģ˿̳׵ִļͷﱻӣҼ, ·𱻹̶סһ㡣
ȥ
ȿȿȡ˵, ûʵӣҼҭס, 
׼״æһ²˹ιһڣ˳ı
ͣȴû˵
ֻ׼˵ţ̰īΪѦΪҽ˵ĸ֣ҲǼװ֪䣬ʵ֪, ȻʲԸ棬һЩʱ䣬һὫѦ֮ڷѦһܵӦеĳͷڡ
գо˵جΡӢõֻ̽ѦأǱѦ
ûش𣬳׾Դ𣺡һǵİɡģΣһᱣסֵ
ᱣס
һʱݣתͷƼһ˫͵ЦԼ
ֲЦˣһϻοԵһľˡ
Ҳչ¶ЦգȻ䵭л¡
лҲлˣ̰īҲ˽ˣվ£Ȼȥˡ
ȵȡ
Ӧͣԭأͷ׾סԼ䣬һ˫۾Լʵ䣬ܶ˵һЩпң
Ƭ̣ϷӦǺ⣿ѲΪԼԤʵĪǻλ
뵽ճİڣԭΪˣһģ˻ΪĿĲֶΡ
ղſŻ͵ЦգڿȴǼȵα
ûС䲻ԸͣЩˣȻĵˡ
׻ûԼУѹûע⵽е
ãϢȥĵͬһţʲôȥΪ
ˣѾС࣬ʳ̫嵭²ǰ
˵긣ʹȥ
˭ϳ˵嵭ϲ࣬Ҿࡣ
ûģ²ˣҵûйڵµԺ󣬸Ҳֵ֧µľҲԵ͸˵κιڵ²ֻۡ뱲Ӱڽ𣿡
¼ݣվδӣҵȻı䣬ֻ밲ԺӣʲôٳʲôȨҲҪ  
䣬㻹ΪȢֻΪȡ֧𣿡
Ȼأ
װ̾һգ˵ĶĻ
һ䣿
ȫ
ЦһȨѪͬǰЩʱԴѦ¦һ㣬Ҳϲ˺һģյļŮӣ˵ϲĻҲþȡ
ңͲҪ˵ˡҵ棬һ»һ飬Ǻαء
׿Цʲôʲôڲ˵ʲô䶼ŵġ
Ѿҵ̫һһʱȥ֤
£˵̫Ȩ˸Цĸл¾ҵļѣ֮ӿȪ౨ģһǵµĺܡ
ұϾޣ¿˭ҵŮӣذչͬ飬Ȣǣ主˼ҵ檣¹ΪӣʵһЩ
ֻϲ徲ǵ»Եʲô˶òҪˣһüЦʵˡ
˵ۣ¹ȻˣȻ޵ˣʧ㡣
꣬Ȼһ仰˵
ߵſڣͻȻת˵ϲ࣬ȥо˵µӦǲģҲȻıһζ
ֻͷϵӣҼ壬ҡҡͷ£ӣҼǸҹôóءȻԼĹ𻨸Ŵɿڡ
Ŵ򿪣䲽ӯ߳һӴ˲죬оæǰΪ˴멡
磬ԭкĳ״øӱ䡣
»
»һ֪ղ涨˲죬̫ʱɫѽûһ˿ա벻ͨˣƽ̫ҲദѽףѲԼӻżӣ
ѽвѽе㿴ȥˣѰŮӣӵģôԼӾͲء
֪Լ綼ˣɶԷǳ˳ģѽ
¡
ͨһȥݹš
һӵĲҪҸطйһ²УѦ̰ī֤ȷ䣬ҲѾȻ²ȫݹҲίȫȥѦ
ݹѦĸңҲǿ̫ĸķϣף̬ȾЩҵ̬ȡ
Լһֱݹʮ𾴡֮ʱɫҲϰ͡ˣʵ۶ĸТⲻ֪ݹȨӣԼѦҴ̫ĸҵ캦֮¡
ʱѦһյݴϢͼҴҵĸϵ˹У¶˵ݹ
˵¶ȥһˣŵõϢ
ǵģݰûһڣҶ֪˭
ݹһ㲻õԤУڱΧ£شݲ͡
ǰҪԲߣǽΰ죿
룿
ѦͳƬ̣ȥݵ£֪ܵ˭Ϊ
ãﻹһ£Ϊġ
ǵò죿
ݹ̾һԽԽ̫ˣǰʮϲôֿʼ¦ϫ£֮ǰִ̫ȥ˵䲻Сˤҹչˣżĵӣġ
ǳ׶ҵĽڣˤһЩҲ
òõġѦʮ㣬СŮʣС͵̫ϲ˭ҲȲ˵ģ¦ϫ²֪ʲôֶΣֻ̫һʱ䣬ǲʴ˵İɡ˵Ů۰Ĳء
ôһ˵ݹһֱŮ̫Լ뱣ҲѾƫˣվ̫һкôģȵϻλһ취Ϻλ¦ϫҪһЩˣϾǻʺƾٵˣò
˵͡
ˣ˵̫һǰšŮŵ
֪ˡݹͷѦ˵Ȼ̫Ҫ㲻һͬţΪĸף̽̽׵Ŀڷ硣

41 ʱ


״˺һͬȥݹ
ݹŵĲǳ», Ǹеɻ󣬱ڹԸ̫ΪƽŻҡ
̫ӵɫѦͶһۣ˶׶Է˽̫Ӿƽš
, һ˵Ҫ, ҾС㰮ԵĲ, Ҳ㰮ȵȸࡣݹ׼˲˷С
лĸպ, Ҫ˵ֿһԵѦ, Ȼ˸ҲڣǾٺòˡ
һ⻰ݹв˵ͣڰգʲô£̫ӵƺ̫á
ĸҡ
ݹﻹԷ, ¿ӻӻ, źĹŮ̫඼ȥ
ϸĹ˵š
, ӻͳһݾڷС
ĸ;˸ݰɡ
Ѧӹֻһ۾;תǼװ򶨵Ŀ, ڳװ̰īʼĩ, õǰӺѦݸ˵Ŀڹ, Ĳ֮
ΡΡĽڵݸݹ
ݹһѦ͵飬֪鲻
ǳ׻ڣҪѦˣʱֻܵ۾Ѧͣеԡ
˵ҶǺҲ鵽, ˣѦѾѹˡ
Ѧ͸æ˵С֪ߵغ£ҾȻȫȻ֪Ҫл̫ӡ˵ž뽫ڴ
ȳ׷ԸһѦеľڡ
˸ݾڻǷȽϺáЦŸѦͼ˲ˣֻǽһЩǳʲôӣʱҿɾͱסˡ
Ҳǵģһú˵˵ݹҲæ˵
ݾڷĸ;˸ģһúõİš
֮ǲǵģҲύʵۣݾںʮܣȴûκΰ취
׺˵̬ȣ֪ѦһӣСͷݣǲòЭġ
ͻȻãΪݹ˼ˣĸϲԵİϺ
һĸТĺг˶ʲôѾһˡ
ǸСкѾˣ鵽̲ɶûв鵽İӡ
ݹ̽ʵףþûȥ˰ɣĸܷһ䣬ǲǶˡ
ĸ˵ĻҴûȷʵʹô̸أ
ǾͺãһƬɲܹѽ
ȴͻȻͣ˰Ϻ֣ݹ˵ϫºͰҲһƬġ
Ѧȭͷһ£̫¦ȷʵѵһˣģԱǸϳ裬ֻ̫ʱʱȥ߶߶СŮԵϳʵڲ̡
ΪףѦȴְֻö簮̻ʫȴûн̻صƷУŮһ֮飬׵˲٣˸˵ǣ׽ˡ
Ѧϵıһɣȴʶһ⣬Լ񱻳ģӵľУŮĲÿ춼ĳ谮
ϳԺˣлȸˡ
˸ߡ
Ѧ֮ݹ˺ðѦֻǰţκλ󻺻վ񣬡ĸյķ˺ܺϺθڣʻ񣬺ȸˡ
ݹһӲˣ˴ʱȴûӣίʵ˺һ
ϸϸ룬ʲôʱôǿԲ鵽̰īʼĩߵǸô£֮ǰΪûмҲû˵ءжԼ֪ĵƣ
ӴˣӲˣҪƿˡΣԼϾ̫ĸ
ĸݹ̾һһԼĺӣղͬԼŵӣĳתͷͭױݾµѿ͵ݣԼˡӣⱲӱˡ
ڹϣ鲻ǶˣԼûù
ĸްźһֱսսĶǣûȴݵĺУԼ˿ſĸ׵ϰ˿˽ĸ׵ĻˣȥĸϲԵĹ𻨸һ÷ˮһĸĹ𻨸⣬ζʳˡ
ĸްźĺܳһʱ䣬ԼڷǷ鲻˺ʹ˼
ΪݹĺӣҲŽĸףڶ֮ȴĶ㿪˵ʲôѾСˣΪ̫Ӳʱ鲻ӦþۣҲˣҪ˰οĻȴ˵ôˣˤ
ԽԽӲλ˿ģôõ˲߱ˣͶҩ˿ڣ
ˣûİԼҲŽĸһȥֻԼ̵λȨĳ롣
װöӣװĺöԺͳΪճգڲװˡΪײֻΪԼǵİѱΪʹǴӴ˿ԼҲû취ԼΪֻԼһӣֻԼһʺԿӡ
»滺ȴ͸Щˡ
¡
Թ𻨸⣬ȹ𡣡ȫ۶𻨾õŮӾĶȴȥֻ֪˵ʲôĻԼǿѽʲôʱŻԼ
һһĹ𻨾ƹУԺžƾײײĵȥ
Ʈѩ»ѣҪҪĵĹ˶ϳȥ˲ǳ̸ܻ鶼Ժ޹˼ɣ
˭֪ĵſڣʢ÷վá
˵÷Ѫ
ժһ÷ģƮѩ÷ϣ÷Ļϡ
Ȼľһӵ÷뵽ǰǸһƬããĴѩУֵĺ죬ǺǰѾҹ壬Żļ£ڰװѩС
߽ĵҴҵƿ޵ţû˯·ʲô
˵ıסǰˣͷһӾˣۿ
䣬á
»ϸĵĹϵţͷһڹŮ̫Ŀɿڴſڡ
ղ̫ǸӣǻûӦѾ̫޵
оҴҸϹ봳ȥ׿϶ʲô裬˵˺Լӡ
»סоֻˣڴ˴ЪϢ
оţ»֣Ҫ壬»һקס
оƽϸϸȥȻ
ĵ˶ȥЪϢɣڴ˴ͺá»Ը
£оĵſڣҲҪڴ˴
»ЦЦо⺮ҹ飬Һҡ
֪оͣͬԼһϲӵϲӵİһˡ
ˣŵͣڰգо˺Ũľ
£ˡ˶ӣ뽫߷Աߵϡ
ױøһЩ䣬㡣

42 峿


Լζ, ＾Ĺ𻨽óһЩˮ𻨸⣬ȾеζԺӣеҲʣºеС㡢ſڵ÷ˡ
ĻˣҶ, ͷ׼ͷĳʪ, ʶתͷ˿Ʈѩ
˾, ѩˡ
һ׾ɿĿļͷϵб, Լ, ׾бϡ
̺Ӹϡһߣ¿ʼ
붬ˣڸУȻ֪褿϶͸ð춬װ, ̲סַ, Ͼľʱ䡣
Ӧǹ˺ܳʱ, ΪԼ۾ˣǵҪϢʱˣȴûҪѵ˼ʰýк, ˯, ȴֿϵ, ̾һ
˵Ƿԭſ϶ܳһʱ䶼û뵽˿죬žġ
벻ᣬô˯ôµİ˯ء
, ˣƷûȴܲ˵ҪָǺأ
ˣô˯ŰɣԼˡ
Ϩ𣬷ᣣϴžҹ˯ĺ
ĳ»оһϨˣûû֣;ýҹ϶ˡ
оһ۳»ŤͻطϢˣ鶼չˣſк塣
»ŵڶˣΪӽ󿴼ĶˣԼҲΪԼҵ¶ˡ
޵УĺȻҲ˯ˡ
յůɹ۾ӭű᣹˶ʵĹߣһҹİ˯ˬ
۾ǰһĻԭƽȵھȻҵ
ʯ֮䣬ҹ龰⣬ʲôʱϴģȻ֪ѵ˯һҹ
ʱĵһ뷨Ǻǰʣܣָ˴գûӦקѹµ½ǣûӦ
Ӧ˯úܳİɣŷҪ֪´ʵףôһԼ棬Ҫζܲء
վڴϣСĿ˵һȣȻһȣΡΡվ˴β£ýȥڴмЬ
ЬŵеԶ÷ű˯ŵˣ˼ζûŸɴ´ˡ
˭ϽһأȻס䣬Ҿ֪
һͷӦ˹˸ղŶװ˯ѽݵĿ
û˵£ֳ׽úܽ
ҹΪһ˶ڴǺúݵģֻΪһ̺ҹΪǱѵģ˵žʹһ磬Ϊ˻ָͷΪգҲ֪οһ
һƤЩȻǴӳ׵Ŀ˵
ûѣ
èһĲûУѣһֱš
Ȼһ־ͽ´ص˴ϣţѡһƣ˽ʵʵȦС
ƿ
ȴͷૣ䣬㲻ңͷ裬ңҾ͸ˡ
ϵıУһ̧öĺᡣ
ʲôұһͺá
ǺɶڸɾĲԳһƤĻȡ
޶ֻǰıţһ
ҲҶ˳ڻУһᣬƽȵĺ
˯ˣǾδѡ
˽ӲƣԼ滺飬õķչģǴ绹Ӣ褣ǰȫͬˣÿ˶µĸõԼǰ˺ܶ࣬Լ޽ûܵκί
ǰƺҲ˺ܶ࣬䲻˵ЩϾΨһˣеĲеģû˭ȥУ˵ףֻһͨŮӡ
Ƥֳ
۵ʱѾûˣӿһԵʧ䡣
´ߵߣ򿪴ѩѾͣˣķ˲ѡ
оƼæס˴ӣС˵žƿ˽
Եĸоһ̽ɬ飬ѾͷΪԼͳǻ֮¡
̾һоˣ˰ɣ˵ҲǣԼ̫˵ģΪΪȥɡ
оһ߸췢٣һ˵̫ӽݣ⽻˲Ҫ纰𴲣˵붬ˣһѩ멣ơ
о˷ܵӣҲþܾͷ
оܿһ̽ѩѩ׵ëӳ糿ů쳣
̣멣оһԣ
վоëͷĺһ
Ưëףһ˿ëûУӦǺܹصİɡ
´멵ݸоֲԶţȷɣ˵ȹصȥ޶ǵ˵С
ϸϸ룬ǰûѩ멣ʺݹûУԼܴȥܹǲõġ
˵ʲôУ޷Ǿ˵̫ӳ谮ӣŴȹصоһİ
еľǺʱоӣǰ
֮թģū֮ԣоǰʧǼǵ
оҪȥһʱ֮죬ӻԿġ
оȴ˵ţҾͼ˵ӵĲá
ֹ֪úòãԼͺãں˵
о죬ܲ˵֪ˡ
˵֪ˣһתˡЩ˿߷ڵ͸ǵװΣǡõĩǲоȥӣѦŮһԲϾ˺о˺·Ĺĵľͻˡ
򽻵䣬Ҳܲܣֻоģĵ¹˵ˣΪӲֹ˭˵
ⲻûţѦ˹
ֻźһҹˣ˭֪̫λҪִ£ֵ©
ѦǻĺܣԴӴ֮󣬳׾ҲûˣһѶЭȨ¦ϫ£ͬǲԾ͸о˱ԼһȡԭöԸһ¦ϫ¾͹ˣû뵽Դˤˣתͷͳ谮ίʵѻ
ղԼŮ޿ܽ˵ĵ۸ˣһӾͱ
һԺӣʹ¿ˡ
֪߲ƣǰҲǹеģѦƢԣ
ſڣվԺеѦӸ˵ɳʹعأΪΪҲ񣬷ĵ󺰴Ǻιأ
ѦΪȻԾ˵ģӦͲλӡ
ЦԶһۣҪԺûӵ¦ϫ´˵¦Ѧ˵⻰Ҫ֤̫ʥ״ͣ˵Ǽ©ģ񲻾ʥϣ
ǰ̵ִĸѦŸɣ³׹Լǵˡ񣬾ûôõˣ˵˭ĵôǲ֪ȤҪǹײء
¦ϫЦŽ˸񣬡ø밲ˡһͶˣԼ˶ЭȨͬǰѦԵģҵĳ谮ûгãϲ³ҡ龰ѡҹ̫̫ѾûȥˣӦôѡһĿȻ˵λݣǵѡλ
˵ǣȷʵʥ͡
¦ϫУһ뷨ڶģ̫֪˴º󣬻˭
ЦŻߵѦǰûӦ̧־һơ                    
лҪ˵ף˯ŵİȻԣÿ͵۾͵ױǼ⣬͵ס촽

43 ѩ


ˡ
Ȼ֪Ҳǳ׵, ˿ﳩˡ
˵£ݹ֪ҲԲѷȵĿɲԼ
Ѧ񲻿ŵĵɴ۾, ң˵žҪ̧, ̱䵲ס, ݺݵ˦ȥ
·ʥͣľ㣡
, ڽ¥˵ĻҪҪ˵һ
ЦѦ, ھȥʥ˵Σ
Цͻ֮󣬿ǳװҹ͵͵Լ, Լ޵, Ʊװ, ֪ʲôµġ
ʶΪ׻Լ˵뷨ûб, Ҳһһжı, Ѿһһڽȫµĳˡ
̫ѦϢŭЩҴҵܹ
̫һúĵ, һҹ̫ˬõĻصԼϢϢˣû뵽˻ûص˵ĵˣﻹ֪ۣæˡ
ͷĺܣ±ʵۺȥҲ֪û, ֻӲͷƤ
ѦһǺǳǸʲôȻҹӵ¡
俴һѦȻǸ̫ӲڶҲ̫ٲҲӵЭȨ¦Ѧ·ϡ
ⷬһԵ¦ϫʶ˳׵̬ȡͻȻ̫ߵ˵ʮֵﻰⶼǶıѦıģɼ̫Ŀеĵλ
֮ǰһֱڲ£ˡ
󵨣ѦǺˣΧǸҰϳȥ
Щں˿
ȴڴʱһ̧֣ǰһ
ж룬ʮ˲һŵѦ˸顣վһһԲѦ⸱ӻֵù͡
ѦһӾţǵţȱǳԲ˶ߡ
һ㲻ţһ̧֣Ѧóһ
Ѧţһ취ûУߡһڹŮ̫ĵ
ͷ䣬ĺ̫ܺìܣȲ˵Լͳ»˯þˣ͵˵̫ҪﵩͨĥԼͲġ
̫ܾˣˡ
ȥʥɣõģҲֻ˵˵ѡĵԲԼ
Ƭ̣ƺе̫ӵĿˡԼҲǻã˭֮ǰЩ£ûһǲġ
̫ȥʥ˵ſһԱߵ¦ϫ£Щõˡ
ߵԺ룬һ֣ܵ׷Уһĳĵš
ⳡϷ¦ϫԽԽ˼ˣһҪߵ˼ûС
㣬ýտɷţ
ֻ˵зë˵ͬʱ˶Ϊ̫֮ǰ㣬֮ˣһֱûݻᣬʧ
⻰˵õǺãҲ̸Ҫ˵ˣѵκʱҪӦˡ
¦ϫƺҲʶ⣬ԳһЦ˵ҲǣڽڼǶҪŽˡ
һůԭ˵ĻȻϡ
žͲˣ͵¦ݻˣˡ
һֱ¦ϫ£ǰûкʹ˴ǵôˣⲻҪ֪¦ϫ޷Ǿ£ԼȶԸѦֺ֮αĽ꣬Ҫ
оͿ͡
˵ͷҲصĽڵ
Ѧôһ󳡣оöԼĴʮֲ˼ԣӣҴˣҲٳʿ֮ˡ
ץо֣´αˣһ커ס㡣
оͷ
󣬵۶Ʈѩѩ׷ҹװع
һ˱ʵۺȥҲȥ졣
鲻ѩ棬оס˵˸ʱʱ̶̿עţܳȥѩСһЩڷʵڱƣоСæ͵͵ţ紵һ󳩿졣
ŽżߵԺУһӡƬ̼䣬˿ˡ׷
ͷŷ׷ѩϱĴУ⼸յı˲
Ȼһأתͷ׸Լ˼ɫĶȥͷϵİѩΧһȦëñԼͷϣһͣҪڣͼǰһöļҶ
շãǸĺӡ
俴ѩ죬׷á
ɵĽӹȵҶšҶӱüĴСУһǾ׼ġ
ǰ裬˶û˴˼ҲûˡĪ鲻ҡҡҶӣô֪˰ҶӴ
Цᣬ֮ǰԴ㴵ˣҲŰ
ǰŵҶͣһüŵѧЦ˵֮ǰԴ㵯ˣҲŰ֮ǰԴˣҲŰ
Ȼ̧ͷף£ͬĻѦ¦˵ɡ
䣬ûС
²ض˵鲻ҶҲ봵ˡֱӴҪ˵ĻҶӷڴߣѩƮڼžĶҲƮʪ͸ļͷ
ص˵֮£°䲻ģ׼Ҷӡ˰ԸⴵʹԸʹ
ԣȥѧҶȻ㲻Ҳ϶Ǵ̶
Ϥɣ̧ͷϸѩٿԴˣԼȵڡ
㣬ռ㣬ܲá
ӻͳѣš˼ҶУȷеĺܡ
ĵͣڳ׵á˼ԭͬԼıģǵãֻڴһ飬ôǵ
һߴһʾ
޹׵ĵȷʵת˺˼
½ҶӷڴߴԭռĵͻȻ˸ΪҲ
ҶѺ޷죬Ҷ滺һʱĵеĹ˶վ¾͡
˵ԺˣĵԺҲվ˺ܶˣϸϸ
Ϸշ·磬ѩԽԽСǽͣˡ
ϣǶԸȥעԺеһ˶ɫ멣ŮźɫǺһˡ
䣬㿴ѩͣˡ
̧ͷ˷գǲɵ΢̡
Ҷ˵˽Ǹĺӡ׿һ䣬ЩҴûԱ˵
Щ
ȫ
ͻȻԻʶã뷴ֻǵ˵һ䣬֪ˡ
˭֪׵ôߣ䣬ҹĵ𣿡
ܣ붼ûֱ˵Ȼ˲ܸɫ
תڵһͷŷվһˣЦ
ֱЦãղ˳һʱ̣ôͽ˿ȥ׾һ˲ͻȻӵס
ѽЩڲЦ۾ЦԵָ͵ˢһ¾ͺˡ
£Ҷء
̧ۿˣȺͬ͵Цĳ»ʹɫ»һ·Ұ˸ɾ
ίԣˣҹ˵žͼҹҪչһ

44 


һֱ쵽, ˿治ҴСˣչˡ
ȴͻȻ䣬ôô̡ſӵ˫, ǰ, ֱ, ǲˣڡ
§ص޵», ̫ҽ
»
ղų»˶ϵ˺Ժ, ԼȻҲԹԵںԺ˼Źһٳ״ʱǺ˸į
£û, Ǹղѩ, Żˡ䲻ҿ۾, ΪѾˣҵһͿ
ѩ죬˺ܶ, ǰЩҵ, ڽȫûз, ѾŬرУҲòͬˣǾΣ֮䣬Դˣǲǹ˵㡣һֱֻԼ֪ıʹԴͷʲô֪ˣѹĲǶԷ, Լ
˵ʲôﲻǾǴǿĳ׶ԴѦ¦ϫµ̬ȡ
аǸΪ˽飬ΨһԸҪ
еʱʹԼΪβ˵ǰ㻨|ģǧôӣȴƫƫֻڹһ
˫ңΪβڵڣҪôأ㿴յġ
˫ְϣ֡£û¡
䣬˵˵ĻȫţҾȫ͸׷յ֣ϥǰͷ
ҾΪʧȥ֧֣ʧȥ㣬ʹ㲻ŮҲһȢ㣬Ψһϲֻ㣬䡣
֮ǰҴ֪Ҷ˺룬ΪҶΪǰ㴵ġҼûѦ˵⻰Ҳû¦ϫ˵⻰Ψһ˵ֻ㡣
ѦݹֶŮ¦ϫǻʺˣʱûܾΪȥλȴҵľֻ·һϣսңҵġ
ǣⳡյУֻǷ֣಻ұ¶ġǻʺݹǶ㲻ڼʹݹİѱЩҲ̫ںУҲҪҶԸʺЩұ֪һֱңԽԽ
䣬Ѧ¦ϫ£Ҵûʲô˼ûǷֺΪֻһӣǾ㡣䣬ǧˡ
˵У俴һ˫͸۾ȴףʹ˵ÿһ䶼ģȴҲܲ˵һ̤ȥǰϻλų켺飬УǸֵʼ¡
վڻʵ۵ϣô²ΪȹȨӹκһλʵ۶ݲӵĳӡ
ǲųףֻǲŵƫƫǽͬһˡ
޷⿪Ľˡ
£̫޷⿪ĽǾɣΣΣȻڶⱲǳȥˡ
˿̣ŵ˵ĶġĽܵһӵʱȥˣȴһΪᣬԼһֱ˱Ť˲졣
ЦˣЦ˵㾧Ө
䣬Щʱ䣬һĶ㣬ǸλһҵģԵλһġ
ĵ̾һʵʲôҪֻҪƽϵ⣬ڽɽ˵ѡβۣ˵ջˮģΪ̾ϢģʵǸۣԲͬʱּʹͬˣѡҲ᲻ͬƽսҲͬʢ͹Ӳдֲһ
Դʦ˵ģ׵ϻλ飬Լ˵Щ黰ԸǸûʵۡ
ʲôҪֻ밲Ĵĵ˵
׵˵Ѧ£󲻻ˡĵǰѾѦ񣬶ڲõĽѦ¦ϫ¶ĺ󹬣ǰǵԼǱ屧ڻ˵Ļһ˵
ͷ£һ졣
ȥģȥ
ҡҡͷˣԼȥǺܰȫĵط
İ仹ûȫԼӦҪ֪ˣշġ
ȥţҪȥ»Ըǰƽ簲ȻȻҪȥԸġ
ڶһ磬ͺоһžͿ˶վԺеȻӢúۡ
ǫСãҪ£˵һʱظ
ͷת˷褺Ӣãߴߴ˵ͣ
Сã㲻˵Ҫȥ»Ըôǵ˵ûˡеһͷ
磡ͷռȲǳһʮ壬Ҳʲôѽڣ˿϶࣬ż
Ӣõ䣬һȥҼǵôҲȥ£ʮ巨ᡣ
ʲôЦ˵褣֪ҺһǿҪ½ʱ˭ǣ
ҡҡͷҶˡ
תͷӢã֪ǵ˼ǲǵˣӢãվǵѽҪ㣬Һ褶Ҫ½ȥˡ
Ӣͷ˰죬ҲҡҡͷջУʵ̫ˣҲǵˡ
ѽεЦҡͷ
ʱ֮ҲᱻǺ»ǻ£ʱԼѾˣȴ˿Ӱ֮֡
˵ǿ̫ԵˡȻ󲻺˼Ĵ䣬ӢãͲȥˡ
𣿡Ӣöеʵ
ǣǶˣܳ˯ãõúء
ӢõǾͺãúЪϢ㰢ȥ
һҲȥòã
ãӢһڻؾҺò׺Ͱһ棬˶Ǽأʲô
æȻӢ㰢ˣҪ˵强ҾͲȥˣǻǺúһԲ
ȴһקס飬УȥһԸйء
䣬ĪǸʲôΣ
ȥݰĲ
úúá֪εִţٶ˵
£
䲻Ź֮˵еׯһӾͰ̧ͷȰݣ˫ֺʮ˵ϵĻ
ӢãҲۿʼ
ͻȻСɳĺ󱳣ʩԴʦ顣
Ӣ󶼿ߣ˵ȥȥǰ˾͵ԺҰɡ磬Ǯ˵͸Сɳˡ
ʩԿŽŵ˵
Сɳֹ˳ȥ
ʩտԸģ
ǡ֪Դʦ֪ҲûҪ˵׻ˣֱԵǰĽնǰ׹ǣȴܺö˶ʮָм
ȴ̾һʩסվסеܸģеѱѽ
оͽʦ⣿
ðĵȴûаҪʩϣûõġɣüУҶݡ
伱ˣ˵绹ֻܳҲܱƽ
ʩȻԡЦԡ
ԶǾܳҵеġ¼Ѿûȥˣһƽƽġ
˵ϣͲԸ
Կӣʵڲ˵߼ʮ꣬û˵һΥĵĻҲίʵ˵ڣֻί˵Ҫ졣
伤ʲôڵģ֪Ҹı˶˵褵ģģӢõģΪξͶ粻ɣ
ʩ𼤶ҸղѾ˵еܸģеѱѽ
һ˦ֱӳ
Ӣüɫãʵ䣬ôˣ
Ĺĵ˵ҽҲˣ׼׼˵Ķ׼ȻݷûãȻǶһǶ磬ˣ磬ǧҪˣȻǴȰҲĮʲôҲˣҡ
󵨣˭˸Ҷ
ͻȻ󴫳һ
˻ͷһҹǰġ
ȴĵһãæ񣬡ʺ򸣽𰲡

45 ܷ


Ӣ̷Ӧ, Źˡ
ƹƣҵ˭أԭ̫ʺӸµ˵˵׹˺, ̫Ӷĵĺ, ĪǾԼóĻ˵ˣţ
ҡ
ңղſ, ߵҲˣ˵ǲѽʺԵĳ
̻ش𣺡˵, ū, ̫˵ҲˡͻȻͣƬɻ˵Ȼ⻰û⣬ǻ£˵ǶĲ, ҳ, ֹΪ̫, ˵ЩʵǲӦˡ
ʺһˣ̫ȥ, ؽóд, ֱһٱ顣
˵ž˼ȥ
ӢǸɿû취
Ӣõ˻ʺߵĺ, ô˵ʱƺһϤתͷ飬˵е̫˵ܼϸôλȴʮ㣿
͵ȫˣ֮ŽĹͻһЩ
Ӣõͷ, ȴʼںϡ
Ӣãǻظ󣬾ͱ˵ܷ֮ˣ˵м»˹ôҶģֻǺúõԲûˡ޲ź
ԶĺջӢ̾Ҳò˵Ϊá
ԭǸ߸ģֻʣ˴ͷɥĻȥ
֪оõģϿ֪ʵ飬оææ˹һ·˶ȴڹУ»ͺҲڣֻõſڡ
ڷóдаգԼһʱڿ죬ԭȥʹҳԶԲأⶼûкúúͼһˣղʲôݷӣô˻ʺء
д˼ԴͿʼêɵûԴʦ˵Ļǳϣʼīֽźںһ硣
õſˣϿӡ
ǻʺǸʳУ£򿪣óˡ
Щˣ򷹲˿ȥɵۡ
ȫûֻƮһЩ֪ʲôĺӣһӲֻƵͷûˡ
̫ðȻûȣųһɡ
ҲҲԡ˵ӾͲ
ǲһ̣ʰȥ
һ£ʳڲ˵һͶأƹɣûмǴɣȥŵҳˡ
жһͣҪʲôڹôЩ꣬ʲôС˼û
һ˵̫ӵ½类ȥѲ۶رôҲɣ̫⾭ǳ꣬Ҳѣūӣϣʮųɣ̫ѲӪٶ༸죬̫ڣҪ
俴յķã֪ǹģרû˵ʱ۸ҲãԡҲͰˣ͵ˣӿǲܡ
̧ۿźƵͬʱͻȻ뵽ʲôʢ룬˹ȥ
ʶס룬Ҳסģϡе룬ϵδ
òȹԼĹˤû˹ܡǸղˤˣ˸ѲĽɾˣ̫Լͣﻹġ
һ֪ƹ书ء俴ź˵һūžȻҶԼǻʺߵһˣҲǹеˣθ㲻Լݣ
ȭͷС𣬵ҲҶȷʵֻĵֶΣ򲻸ҵģ̫һ˿˺ۣʺҲȲԼ
ȻҲ֪㣬Դӽãֻƹ
˵ϵ̨ҪԼֱȥ
æ£̫ʲô
ƹǿЦʲôҲѽ̨ϣҪа˿˺ҲΪ
ȻȲ̫Լֳȥܲ⼸ͳⲻɲ͸ҹӲͷɡ
̫ԵƬ̣ūȥ÷
ͷеҡߵǰë˵ȥɣҪԹӣҼ塣
ҧպã˷á
һʱ󣬺ƽͷû̧дž顣
óӣҼصķճõķϣδɵīʱˡ
̫ûԸҾͳȥˡ
ӣҼֽŲ¾˺īֽһںϡ
֪ò磬ͰѹĸʽʳС˰ĸˣϺõĲҲһŶˣûûģ̨еġ
Ƶ۾˵ֱӳ˷á
һ۸ձ˺˵ֽһ꣬дˣһֶд
ɴеĳӣҼ塣
еسŸ㣬Ǳоȹϵϡ˿һˣûеȵס
ڵĳӺꡣ
Դ󣬻ʵ۽ӪرıȨӣó׹Ӫóйر˵Ҳ˸ʱˡ
ʱճײŷæǰսɱܿͱֳ˾ϵúܶϽԾѣĿ࿴
󷨸һƼǰƣ˵ض˾ٲտɷһ

ߵ̨ǰȡаģһǳɡ
ƱԣҲվ̨ǰȡưĴβһǳɡ
վڽʿ׷׸ߺ
ͻȻ§Ƽ򣬸ղŻЦŵһӾض˾ҹںδԼǵã
һʶά䣬䲻֪ҪԸܷ˵Ҫ
𶯡׽§Ƶļ򣬡ڲʱ֪˭ҸǸӣҹûߣ˵ѾѡȻֻǰ㵱ˣҲﰢˣҲԼ˵λϡ
ҵκһվԼĶˣҲ˺κһˣҪģһΪƿһУȴʧȥһС
Щ£ʱΣΪжô֣޷ϵ˿ڡ
ǰ𾴵ֳԸ㡣
Լ飬ΪԼصĺܺãӵͬ˼ǰȴһ㶼زסһͿ˳׵ĸһ
ҲԸŵ¶԰ģһ죬˵Ҫ뿪ʲôԭҶƴߣҵȵģֻҪҪҾͻ
к£ԼȢ˰䣬Ȼ˼ƣҲܳΪĹޡ
ڽʿվ̫Ӷƹ˵ʲôڴз׷׿ʼ²ʱͻȻת˵վտƷأΪӪָʹ                    
лҪ˵оҶ켱ˣôôࡣ

46 


ס, ǰĲνѵָʹл
Ƶͷ֣صصϥأĩлȻ
һ˫أ֪, ķʽ, ԼԶˡ
׹Ц, ˵λֳ̫, ҿеȴ
Ӫ˵ָʹӢ, и߽̫࣬ӻʶˡ
ĵͷӪʱλԼҵⲻ, ǰΪ, ǻûЩ, ʱشվѲȫķڷ
һ׮, ܷ, ˵ѵҲ, Ϣɡ
ɢȥͬ˵Żڶ𣿡
һжáˣ˵ȥ˻£˵˼´ӻֱӻعˣԭҶԲġ
˼£˼ô֪ɻ󣬵һӾӿл, ȻƽƣǺþԸ⸨󶨵á
»ع
ƿȥĳףĪӣе㲻׳ΪҪзŰԼΪǣƻΣ
ʵЩҪѾǰǸԸ̫ˣǺǰдԼĳһηиһƻס䣬ԣڷƹܵĳУһε˱䡣
оǰվһҹʱӢòʹˣ˵֪̫ȥ͸֪Ҫȥˣ˵ȱ
˵ӰʱоŶ֣ŽӲĽţܵǰ
оôˣ
ȥ»Ը˻ʺ󣬱ˡ
ˣ׵ĽӿʺҲ̫ļˣѾѶЭȨ¦ϫ£Լշһ£͸޶˵Ļ¡
뵽ǰʺĳͷֶΣǷǷ壬󲻹⼸֣ȴǸ˳ģδζҪŪһԽԽ
ǰԣ׽͸ǵĵƣֽ񲻵˶ߣҶڻʺͳнĶҲѾ˽⣬Ͳͬǰǰðίˡ
ڻʺİѱȻ֮ʱûȻҶ԰䶯֣Ҳͱβˡ
оȻȥϢİɣ̫˵Ļ
ûֱתȥ
ʺһƣ֪߲ƣ̫һװǺѽ
Ҿ񣬡֪̫ںδ
ػʺ΢Цϸϸ˳װβ˵ԭΪ¦ϫֶΣû뵽ֶθЩҪҿ̫ӵ̫飬鲻أ˼ȴתתɣٸ̫ѡһΣ
ĸˣѡһ²ĸġ̫ҵޣĸ󾡿֪ںδ
̫ӱ𼱡ػʺе˵˴͵ܷȻͻضˣ̫Ӻαż
֪ģǰ˷ǶܣȻʺ󲻸ĿŵƤ̣֮ȴ߻ԺůͲ˵ˣǴд壬ΪЩɻضҹЪĸϹ
ʱȻϺ𣬵ľ̫ҪϺһġ
̫Ƿ˺δҧʵ
ڻ¶˵Ļ˵ò÷
ڷ£ûô๦磬쵽ڣ뵽䶼ЩʲôûûȣûůɸǡȻΪ˵˶Ļʮа˾ŲǱɨãǳд𾭡

ǣ
һȥã
תߡ
ʺȴһʱûӦ󺰵վס
׽Ųһ£ûתֱ
ƹ죡˵žͼæȥ
յ̫̫ô̫ǰعأʹǶԼҲԿѵҪΪһԼ˺Ƥ
ɫȻײĴҴҸϵãһ߿ţѰӰ
ԣſŵ䣬жۣⶨǳдʵˣŻˡ
˶ſڣ߹ȥϥأ䣬ԣ䣬ȥ
ʵ˯ۣǵĿˮǰ˺ɻʵˣ
䣬ˣίˡ
ͻȻʶΣȻվϵĸӣǣίίá
˯ǰԵ̫֮ãԵӣҼ壬ոճһ֣ûü;˯ˡ
ףлЩжģôҲõȸ죬û뵽ٶô졣
ȴͻȻ㲻һԱߣ˸ָСʳһ裬ٿϵĸӣʮɻĪǴ˻ʺʲô
ÿʺ
ÿˣ׺ҲӦȥ
ʺʵ̫㳭дһٱ𾭣ꣿ
丣񣺡ĸĻûдꡣ
׵ĸһٱδˡ
ʺװĳЩ˵Ǿʮ飬뿪̫д˶٣
ʼ磬͡һδд
ʲô
ʺ󲻿ŵĿ
ҲһĲţһδдʲô˼
ͻȻָź˵ԭдһҳģƹ͸ʱ򣬷īδɵֽϣһƬܿˣҾ˺ˣ
͸㣡ʺһȵתͷơ
ҲǺ۸ģ˵޴£
͸£ԭûʺѹûԤϵѾͷһֲдԼͷϡ
ˣǰԼֱҪ̫ˣóдһٱһֶ٣ʲô³˵дͲдѲɻһӶʵڲоװŲˡ
ʺգ̫һδдûʺˣ
ĸϢŭ׸Ҫ˵˵ĸϢŭˣǡұߵļ̧̧˵žͷ̧һ£ôõ˱ʣ
Ǿ͹ڷǰ˼ʮգʺʵڲ֪仹ݡ
ĸ󣡡׵Ȼ̫δʶòôסʮա
ʺųף̫ӣҪǴɹĻʺ̫ӣҵ˼Тڣ
ԲТ浣𣬿Ҷ֤ݲȫȻѾˣδɹ鲻̫Եú˯úãһδдûʲôίģеŭȥ˴롣
̫ܹ᳭дһٱ飬ҲڷǰʮգĸΣ
㣡ʺָųװ˵
׼˵̫˳ʵڽⷬڡ
̫׹ǹ˾֪ʵԼʱҲЩ˵ȥģʱ浽ʵ϶˵Լ̫̱鷢չϣȷʵеﻢ£һ䣬ĵСѾͷСˡ
ã̫ܹ
ʺ󣡡
Ӫо̫ڷʮգǡԸ̫˫ܷڷá
ʺŲ֪ðһ꣬һĻû꣬˽ҪԼϴӣݷҪԼûζѪʺ
¼ݵ
һͨ˶񣺡꣡

47 


ѲĽ, ȥ档
ʵƬ̻Ǹˣɡô£
ʺ˵ȥ̫ڷʥسԴֱɣʼ֮緶, ʷ, ̫֪ʮ, ʳҪˡ
̵ʣ̫δ, ǵġ
ʵ, δˣе䣺̫˵
أ˵, նȥ, ǹ̩, ޽˭֪Ϻȴ˵˷Ϊ, һʱ˵˹Ļ, , أϺӦ֪Ϊ˭󡣡
ԣܾл˵˵ЩĻòˣǺûֻøˡ
һ˵, ˼̰»ʵ۷ŭ
ȴϻʵ۴Ц̫ˣɡϺ˵ҲûȻǷ
ʺ󣬸巵µĲͼʵˣ˵нرܳԿѽ
޻Ϊʲôֵ÷òԭᣬɢ˰ɣ̫úý壬ӪҲнúĥ
˵ʹ󲽳˷á
ʺһ⻹ʲô˵ģʵ۵ƫңΣһҲ˷á
ŻʵۺͻʺˣһӺᱧ䣬ӽҪ˶֪жҪ
ҴűţΪλðܾίԼֻĬĬĶҶ¶ģˡ
һжˣѾһ壬͵ųٶȳȥʺһ˵֮ǰǲѣԼ㹻סˡ
£ô˿ŵġе㲻˼
׵ֲû˿
Ȼѩյ龰û£ҵ綼ˣԼ߻ȥ
㲻Լߡ䣬§ҡ
׾ڻʹдһȦ
·巵еʵ۵ĳд󳼣·۷׷׵ĹŮ̫࣬·԰ùɢĵ·ϣѲĽ
ÿ˼龰޲פԿȫ̽
䣬⹬оͻ˲֪˲ε㣬ҾҪ棬ҵġ׸˵˵š
俴ͷϸܵĺ飬иطݺݵıײһ£ǲôοķһײů̾˳
ȥ׶ϵĺ飬ҿЩء
أһЩ
ٽŲӣĿļͷ
ܵĸı䣬ױѾĸ첲˲Ҳ̲ס̣еĻ첽ȥ
ĳ»ͺһЦ˶ó·ڿϣ˹
ķĵ޹Ĵϣ˵䣬˿ʼʰͬĵɣҪʲôҸñ
ҡͷҾܺá
̫Զˡ
᲻ԺеСͤӺͺ÷͹
СͤӺͺؽ÷͹֡
ֻҪСͤӺͺ÷͹
΢΢䣬ǲǻң
˵ЩҶš
֪˵ţǹؽͬĵ
䴹ֻϲ徲˴š
׳ĬƬ̵ãξΡ
Ȼ󺰵оˮ
оˮӷڴߵļϡ
ȥɡ
ˮаһӣšɣҪ
ԼɡҪùӣȴȥ
һְֻ֣һָֻϴ㿴ҹ϶ſ˯İɣüǴձ߶մȾīǣһְɡ
ϸϸΪţȵˮӣھǵʱ򣬳ͣƬ̣΢źۼ̾һ
֣㿴㣬һδдȴҲմī
һָһָĲɾȻڰӣǺůҹ㶨û˯ãЩϢҽǴҴҸϻģڷ˵ûӪЩҪҿܻȥ죬ʲô£оȥҡ
ͷ
˵뿪ȴþá˵ղŰ䲢δͬȥͬĵȴǱκʱҪɣ䵭ٷ˳ԼӦüģӦѧ㣬ҪĵĶԴųһ찢ȫнԼ
׸Ķͷĵ˯ɡ
ȻϨȥ
һžͷſſˣ»о
˼ȻһôϨˣȴأֱܾˣɫƺЩ̫ȶˣӦò˱Ťϳɡ
»ͺڳˡоţӣ˯𣿡
˯ţգգգͷա
Լղһɵˣûжľͷˣôһ㶼ûأ֧Ӳã;
û˯
оŶ롣
оɡ
ڴߣͻȻʵ˵ֻ̫һʱ𣿡
оתӣоо֪̫ȷʵʮġ
оʲôѾͷҲʡ
ӣʺûΪɣҼ̫Ǳģû˰ɡоʵ
Һܺã㲻õġ϶Ļˣûô˯ɣȥϢԼһᡣ
оȥͷԽѣ˯ȫޣֽ̺ţд
˵ҲЦԼڷʱԸⳭдģȴȫǾġ
дƬ̣ǰġ׵ּδдҲ֪ǲǵˣ۾룬ʡ
š̫Ÿд֣úܲ⣬Լó黨С׭׵ȴп岻ͬȻģ£ǰԼдأҲСĵˣȴһζδġ˲١
ֽһţͻȻе㷳꣬ҡҡͷϨ˴
һΣ˯ˡ
𣬻ʹй˵ʲô̫Ӵ֮ʱͻȻһֻԭҪ̫ӵ˭ϵϵζϹ۾ŵ׹
̫Ϊ̫ԼڱϹĴмҹϣվ飬Żȶ衣
о˵Щʮ־죬Ҳ֪¾˭˱
˶ţ
ţ˵ʵǷͬ࣬ӵءо˵ĺܵ⡣
ףףµܱĹѾˣ׵ǾȻš
оĵĹˣһˣвɵ˵ȴһǴĵȥġ
ǡ
鿴Ծ뵽׶˼ˣԷû˰ɡ
飬ֽ̿ţֿʼġ⼸죬ǺԼϾһҪġſϰݣѾд˼ʮˣûһġ
֪д˶ãǰĴͻȻˣһ󺮷紵˸ս߹ȥѴˣһͷͼվǰ
ʶ϶ּġͺ񱻷ʲôСһ㣬ǽŵʵ£ʲôʱģ
һ˫һ۷Ц⣬شʱҿŽġ
һͷͿ˰ϵֽţһġּʵҼǵðдһƯ黨С׭п
ԽԽòԾ塭ƺ䣬ġҵּ

48 


һֽһǽǵ¨, ûûС
߹ȥֽţչ, дͦõ, Ҳڷˡʰֽϵдһ, ŷһ, , 㿴ǲǺ񣿡
Ȼû뵽ϰգĸǰıʷˡ
ǺҵǲǣͻȻʵ
ҡһʱ, ʶܾ, ȴԼЩѿˡ
˵, ˵䲻Ը⽲Ͳҽ󶼲ˡ׶˱, ӵס, ḧĺ, ˵ţǷңҪֻҪ𿹾Ҷĺãҹ⣬Ҿͺá
ҪͿⳡְ˳
Ҫ˵ʲô£ǳԶǰ, ġ
䣬ҪԶš
ãͷ
£򡭡
ʲô£
ϵͻһݿܣǰȥ˷ˡˣǻʵȥ˷ˣҪǰȥǳȥΪݿܲǼ򵥵Ĳݿܡ
һЩڹУҲ»ˣʲô¾ܷԸǻʺݹ㲻ֱȥҸʣϣʾԻỤġѦ¦ϫ£Ļֻͳ»ģǾģζӦùˡ䡭ңһǲġ
ǵģȻΪԼźһеԾɺܲġѦ¦ϫûôĵӣݹɵԼӦò̫֣ĵӦǻʺ󣬲˴飬ȻйأʺӦҲ˲Ϻ֮¡
ӦܰĶȹӣ
»ŶԼеĸܵ˳׵ġ
һСĵġ
֮ǰ£ʺͷƶҪڵģ͸Լ·󹬰еҲ٣Ƿʤ˵Լͬ۸Լ·ǣǷȴ˵塣
ó»Ⱦ˷纮ʱίĵҪ߶һ
üۣǧֵĲᣬ߶û뿪ĶңǰݣԼһֱҡ
ϴֻȥһ˻¾ûʺлɳãҪ뿪ôãηĵ¡
ȴòȥΪ´һʼö˾֣û뵽ôϹڵҪʱⳡӲõؼ֤ݵҪȥ
ϣʱʺæӦԣϾ˼䡣
䣬Һصֻҵĵط˭û취˺㡣
ḧգѾȫˡ
ͷһģȵţ䣬㡣
еȴͷ
Щε죬֣ˡ
һתȴоԼ䱻סˣͷק䣬򸣬һ·Сġ
΢ĸ֣ȴһôͷ仰ӰĿнǱκ֮˵ˡ
תסĺ󾱣ȵĴĶͷͣ˺ܾá
ǲ۶ô᲻ãҪˡ
ɿֵһ˲䣬߳޵ͬ˿ЩʱҪʳȾȫαʤľġ
ҹ·״Ӫڸϵϵ
ƽˮ֮ǲݿܵĴӪڴ˵һսǡ
ȶ鶼ٺãҹ˾֮ʱ״϶ĸϵһСƹݡ
һѾȺʱеĻӽһŮ죬£˵յװսܡ
ŶǷɾ裿
ǣ֪ҪǰرһЩ˲ûõ֡
ûõĿô˵ѳɣ˷أ
ǿܲϸõǼĿһֵܡ
ûɡ
ȻûУζɲͷϣ˭ҵة˶ԻʺĲأ
Ҫãｹ
Ҫ죬˽ԴǴܲһµƲߣĿ֤õðԼĨȥɡ
׵ͷ϶ҳ˾ƹݡ
ǰӳпû⵵£ϻʵ֮ʣڵ֪û˿ҪλԼ˼¶˺βͣһҹ䣬ϵʵзо͵
ʵûͨоμġڶҪˣҪǳ֮ǰͽ
Ȼ֪ѱ˼ǰǻƽˮ֮ĵؽ类дһϢ˶ѣʱʱ߷磬˵бıϣϻλ
Ȼûóоͽ뷨ʵɿ󣬴Ҫ±֣Ǿ;ôһԭڴ˴Ĳݿܣ˺ôǴŻ¾ͺðˡ
ԴˣЩר;нٳ֣ѺΪ
ԭЩݿܱлʼ˳˸ҹܡĻĳף뷽跨֪ˣΪ飬˽Դ£Ͻһ˻ʵۣΪ𲻱ҪĲ²⣬ֻǽ˷ˡ
ʵȥģ˭ϵ׵һʱ룬䲻֪Ϊ˷ˣǰǻ̫ǰȥٺòˣϳͽȫ˵̫ӡ
ʵ۲δսƽ˵Ǹʱ
˵ʱ֮¹ȣһ˭˽Բɿ
˴γײδȫӪ˷ˣԵƴǰټѵصĻӦԡ
СƹݻصӪأ׽ƺȽ֪֪ƣ˵ѾˣװսܼɣϢ
ӽոյ򣬵Ǻʱ˰ݿеģֱӽ˳
ɻ֮¡
˵˴ĿĲڽ˷ˣڱʱ̰ˡƵļ򣬡ϲָʹֱˬ
׶ƣ˵²ܺƷУƣҺ㣬ֺܵġ
֪˵ʲô˼ϲ䣬ֻҸ󣬽˶ѡ
Ծסˣһ˵ϲһˣ˭ϣлӦ˭ϣ֮˳أ˼Լ޸˱ˣ޲ɱǸˡ
ǴСѾϰվֳλϡϣСҸѵÿֳ𣿡
ȫ⣬˿̿ƹڴԾԸ˵Ļ
˵Ļƻ£ȥɡ
ϵƮϸ꣬۶Ʈϸѩ
ÿ峿»׼ʱһѲҩűӺ꣬»ٵ۽
պŲҩ۽г»ͣ߶һЩСʱǵƤĵ£Щģûʱ䡣
»ʺȥ˵ЩСʱ飬ӳ»˵Ȥĺܣʱ֣ĴʱҲСʱĳ׺ܿ
̫ϲͺá
»Ҳܿģȳ׺̫ˣֻҪÿҩ۽ʱԼֱҪ̫ˡ
ҲնУͱĩգ»ͻæŸ¹˷ӣԵĸ¾ͺã̫๬ŮԷַ
ȴƫƫ¡

49 Ҳ


ʺͻȻ̫ҽ, ˵̽Ⱦ˷纮̫
һʼûչ˳ʺû˼˼ɺ󹬡չ˳װսܣ֤ݵ, ʺΪûа¶, Ϊǵļƻ
Ϣ, ûʺʮֺãõҶĵز
ŲĲ, ڻ½ô, δһȾ˷纮ճĳ谮մȾ纮ʱȥʲôˣΪ˱ˡ
ΧĵΧĻʺ
󵨣ˣЩȫȥУ
ʲ, ֮ǰĻ, ڵ, ֶ˶Ǻ꾫ǾͶȥ
ʺ̫ǻĶ֣ܿͱſ, ̫ҽսսһĻ, û뵽ֻ, ξʹ
̫ӵҲ̫ˣĻҺ˶֣ʺһɫһ֣̫࣬뻤
оæ֣أʺˡ, Щְأûй̫ȷʵʣʺûǶȥ
ڵڵ֪䣬ȥԼĻ϶ᱻǻʼҵĻʹҲǻʹһ֣ôʸΥʺأ
ǻʵָΣžԲܽ⣬æ˴ᣣװ
ͷĻо̴Żȥ֪о»ʺʱ뿪
ʺоΪ֪̫ˣźûû뵽ĵȴˣʹУ巵ʲôطǱȥȥõ𣿡
˵žҪȥоŲһӣڻʺǰš
ƹ

̫ཫоȥ
⼸ձͺҩڵƮɢźŨҩζʺеò׼便ǲװʹ没Σںʺ󣬾·ϡ
ᣣеʵ̫Щ𣿡
̧ͷʺסض㲡˶գʵڵǣ̫ҽǰΡ
ͷĸˣѾöˡ
ʺһ֣̫ҽ̫
̫ҽսս˿ϣһᣬȺɻ̧ۿ䣬бۿһʺһʱ׽˵
㣬ƣ̫ˣҶ̽ǽݹŤӾͽˡ
ĵ飬ôܲأ˵̫һߣһ䣬ÿζſڵĻ̫֮ߣСó裬аѱڳУȻ̫֣ǻʺһΣȻٺòˡ
ǡõͬѦ񻰼ҳû뿪ߵĶŻ뿪ʺ˽ţҲ͸Žˡ
ڴϵ̫ҽ̫𣿡
ʺƳһݹ̫ҽδ
̫ҽˣʺݹ
̫ҽͷϽ̫ȷܹˣȽڷ纮ˡϳҽǳδ
Цͣǰղڶվͺˣ̫Ҫţǵģ˵Щ
ʺЦȻˣ̫͸Щ֪ᡣ
ݹ˵ѽ̫Ȼ岢޴󰭣⼸÷÷԰쳡ᣬ̫һҪѽ
ʺͻȻ⣬һӾǳЦݹٰ죬պ󣬸Ҳ֡
䣬̫ҽ˵̫ٻˣպɢɢİɡ߰ɡ
ʱ̬ͬʱĻʺƺࡣ
ݹʺˣҲߣϣôһƣǸˣ̫ձһȦʹ֪ú󹬶Ľ÷磬һҪѽôҶ®ɽĿ
˵ҲŤˡ
»ҴʱԺſڲͻʺײڽڵʱ򣬲ݹײ
һܽ䰲ȻڴϣһҪ̫и̣̫ӻС֪ܱܲס
һվŵоô£
оѾûˡ
ûˣպ󣬿ǳ硣
ȥˣ˵Ⱦ˷纮о˵ĺɡ
ҡҡͷڶȻˣ̫ҽġ
»ʵô£ô
оһۣ˵һ飬˵˵㲻ÿ綼ôƫûûʺ˿ӣô
»죬ĵôԶҪͬĵôô
оԹ»ˣҲΣʺҪңպôɡ
»üͷ޷Ǿ¶ݺҿ
Сڳߵĳ»˺еĶթϲ˵˺ܶ๬֮£оŵϴ
䵹ޱбϿ飬ȳ»˵ˣʵԣܸպô𣿡
»ĬƬ̣㲻ԣƲȣ˭̸ᡣ
Ҳǵ̫µĻʺˣе˲٣ЩλҪԣû취ܹġ
Բԣˮȿ²У˵ǻʺݹˣǳǲܾܾģ˭̸᣿ֲֻ̫Ůʣܰ˴ļӣ
û˵꣬»һ̫ŮĻɲ˵
ҡͷã˵ԣ»ûиõİ취
»üͷϸϸûз£û취Ԥϵġ
˵Ǳȥϵ£ȥ²⣬罫Щ¶ɱѿС»ɼ˶Żʺ͹еˣʲôҪŹ
»һԴѽЩˣ֪Ҫʲô𣿺ãȥ
ܿ쵽÷磬ֻ򵥵Ĵһϸ£˸٣һֻδǶ뱦ʯİʮֵ͵ĳ÷ϡ
λݣݹףһ˵۾˹˽
ȥμ治٣Ѧ¦ϫںŵλá
һʼʺ󼸾ף˾ٱ輧ϳ
ܿǰ˵
̫ɺһЩˣǰղߣ̫ӽ㱧ضġ
䵭һЦлģѾˡ
˵ţͼʺ˹úαĽ̫빬ʱ򣬱Ҳ㹬ء
ѽⶼǶ֮ǰˣʱ̫Ͱɡ
ֿ˵㿴ĶŮֲ̫ӳ谮أ϶һµŵʡ
ʺ͸ЩɡȻնλҪΪء
أ̸̻λ
Ȼֻ֪ⳡ÷绹к¡
̧ܿ˹٣ú͵ӽ
Ѧ˹ǰ¦ϫùãŮӵݵǰʱûȥӣǿһۻʺֻʺеЦ䡣
ô̫ǲԸ⣿

50 


ͻȻЦһ, ùӣԸ⣬ֻǴûôÿĵӣһʱۡ
»͸, ⼸Ѧ¦ϫµҹ, Ҷͬһ, Ҳ˵˹ϵΣ˵ͬһʱͬʱϰͬһ, 뵽ҲͲ֪ˡ
ֵ, £ʺݹûйĶѵϳô
ӣ̫ܲϵãǻùѽ˵ϰ, Ҫϴ, Ұ֧˵, ʱȥ巵ء
ʲôʱϰˣ֮ǰ巵Լ˵˲ᴵʺǹģȥǰ˵ϰ
Һ, ׼, ԭͻ, ֻòϰˡ
ĸȷʵûȻǹùõĶǱ䰮֮䲻ԽͨѰɡ
о
о̵һֻѣȥ, վѦ¦ϫµм䡣
ʺѣգǶֽŵģȻʵ۸ĻùĵӣһֻȴǷƵģͿʹѣεҩֻҪ˴ˣͻΪѣվȣʱżŮȥûҽӴ䣬ˤ˱£䶨ȻѲ˸ϵ
˭ϵûã׼ѣܲŭûϵֻ̽·лûʩչء
˿Զݹ˽ɫ
ʱȴǿǰŽᡣ
Ѧ𣬽¦ϫµãѾþòࡣ
ʺĵˤӣҲ
ݹҲЦĿ䣬͵ϺЦ
ɻ֮ʱĵͻȻȴѦ¦ϫ
ֻ۾ΧеһֻעԼĴࡣ
ôһţѦ¦ϫµĵЩˡ
Ѧ¦ϫѡȴѡ˻Ե쳣ͻأ
Ѧվտܿ࣬Ȼ¦ϫóֻˣɣüͷ϶ûͣȴѾ˺ܶ
ѦҲЩģټվԼԴ࣬ӻԼֱ޷ģûֶöͣ
ȴ۾ӡ
Ǵ඼Ƕɵģͷһμĺ࣬ԵĿŻʺ
ǲᴵ𣿻ʺݹѦ¦ϫ¶ɵĴ﷢ʡ
䴵꣬۾Ŵҵı飬һжԤ֮УתԻʺ˵֪ǲƹˣ֪ʱӣô¦Ѧȴһתһ룬ĸʲô뷨ֻðƹ֪ˡ
һ̴ڣ˽
ǻʺİɡ
ĶŮֶŮ϶ѽ
Ҹ˵ѽǰЩ¶Ƕʱ䣬ʺҳġ
̫ӲǻʺӣʺȻԶ˵ģλӶ󡣡
ôһǡ

ʺۣ̲ס־ĳвףڣҿ÷
˴ӵԺУ÷
÷԰ܴǰԺĳ߳÷ĻݣֻǶˡԺһܴļɽɽǰһڱһ
СĵĹ۲ܣоĲɵ÷
ݹͻȻ˾ƹݸһ̫÷Ӿƣ
ʶģ⣬˿̵ȴܲȣһװվȣеľһ
⣬̫Ǹˣȥ·оߡ
ݹûգǿ뿪Цˡûģϵİ취ȾƣԵȻ
÷԰ϤҶʱһ澣˵ȥ·
ڹоԺȥ
̫Сġһǰ·һš
м˵лл
÷԰᷿ںԺ棬ƽǶǹ÷뿪õ᷿ҵĺܣ̫Ҫ˵š
£ʵҲȥ᷿ҿɽͺܺãһ¾С
ȴͻȻˣѽ
˾裬վˡ
ǹתǵ㣬ʵǲָʹҪЩʲô
ǣֻ÷԰ͨСŮ
оȥһקסǹŮߣһض˵
澲ӣڼɽ˺˵оˣó»˴
ǹ̹ץȹǣ̫ǣǡ
ԽԽС˭ָʹ㣡ʲô
̧ͷĿ䣬ǲȴͻȻȥ
תͷտƵʲô֪ˡ
ǱѵģһһԺ۾ΪʲôôڣôˣƬ̵Ŀհ׺̼˷顣
ĺоо
ҪȴԺۣһʪģ͸΢ĹߣԼһֵѪ
һӻˣ嶶ǿװ򶨣۲ְֺܵĻԼھĹࡣ
̧ͷȥƺ΢ӷ϶͸Щ⣬Χȫʯͷһʯͷɵ
ռСҲתľ롣
ûо
һֱעͷΨһ͸ߵĵطʹȥҪᣬѽѽ
ƴĺţһһ飬֪˶ٱˣͣˣԼȴȻֻкڰͰ
Դ͸ʯڵûκλ
۾ԼһԳȥһҪ£ȴƲסĲͲͣᡣ
ĿʯţӲͣŸֿܣȴַĿ־С
ͻȻһܿտӣӡ
оƺԶƺܽ
оо
ӣ𣿡
ңޣޣûУ
ûУҺܺã㻹𣿡
Һܺãܺãġ
ӣ
֪оҪһܳȥ

һ˵飬־ƺҲ˺ܶ࣬ܿʶ˲˵ˡ
оȰĴһᣬ˵
á
оˣԼȴûаÿԼȥĿкСõȵǡ
Ȼײ֪ҪòŻ»϶ǰȥŵģҲȥšֻҪԼ취ȥһܵȵȥһ졣ڣˮʳҪġ
ôţͷղŵĿ־ʹƽһЩ;ͷһһµۡ
һѣͷһӦѪճסˣеӲҲ˵Ѫֹסˡ
˿ӦòǺأ롣
ӹһ̾һ֪ͳ˸ˡ
Сռת˺üȦʯͷʲôûз֣ûʳûˮ
ǣȻԼҪ£ʼһ֧ţȥ

51 


ͼһ, ийٶǰһжʼòʵ
΢ĹƺҲСԾʧһ˲Գȫ̡
ƺҲûô, ۾õӦ˺ڰ, 㲻پúڰ
еԼ쳣, ·СĿռѾȹ˼ʮꡣ
ǰĹûˣֵ֪ҹ
ǵιߵʧ, ӦѾ, Լֵ˼ޣȴѾᡣ
ʯͷþȫûʯڣһҲûĻӦ, ֪оš
˵Ѿû, е˶Իʽûʯ¡
Һܺ, һãģȥ
Сʯͷ, ۾, , ˯˾Ͳ֪ˣҲ֪ˣҲ֪ˣ˯ɡ
ΣΣΡ
ʲôôﾹȻˮ
۾, ȵķִͷǸ϶ˮæվ棬סȻСĵĺȽС
ˮʱûоˮ
ʯͷʹôʯڣţоѩˣˮˣ
صƬ̣ȴûӦһӾͣôʯڣ˴Լһյ裬΢û
ŴһһˮȽȥ˵оѩˣˮ𣿡
С΢ļ
Ӧˣŵķȥˮ
ˣѩͣˣҲЩˣ£ӡ
˺ܶˮ㣬۾˯˹ȥ
֪˯˶ãԽԽ䣬ԺУʶһԼĶͷ̡
ĺ䣬֧ŲסƢ
ʯͷûʯڣܿǱ߾ʹӣͷͻȻһʯ飬ҹƮܶ÷
̧ͷһԼͷȻ΢С϶˵ҲƮ÷ˣǺܿܳȥˡ
оƺܿģ˵ӣʵҹ㺰ҵʱҲ֪ѩһֱǺڵģûһ϶Ҳûˮ㵣ģû˵ͻȻһʯͷ϶ҹѩʯͷο͵ˡߺܺãܿͷա
ԽԽ䣬ƽȵ˵оһҪ֣һ˾ǵģһֱվŽˮеۣоҪ˯һᡣ
ӣϢһᣬˮǾһȥ
۾᲻ԾоûлһҪúûȥ
»ˣ
һҹʱһݣ˶еȥңδ
ᵱоûȥ˻ʺݹ
ʺ󣺡˵Լȥˣ̫һΨҶУ˵͵ܳȥˡ
ݹӴҵľƣ˵ȥһ£ȻҲûˡ
ūţ˵ˣ˵ٴûκεİ취ôûٻκλش
죬»ĵżϣͷץûҲû⣬ҪҪ֪̫ͨӣҪҪ֪ͨ
֪ģ˴̫ܷɹʺһôʤͬʱҲ֪̫̫жôҪ
أ˵̫ˣô⳼Ҫûʵ۵ͬ⣬ôһ¾֪̫ˣֲ̫ڣͷԱסѽǶĹ̫࣬ҪҪ˭
˶ģ»Ҳ⡣
ָͷʱ䣬̫Ѿʮˣʹûɣ̫ӵӣõ̫ϢǾԻϻģڹؼʱ˴¡
ǾԼң˵ҵˡȻ÷԰ʧȴ÷԰ʼңһҹ˵ˣͷ˿ûҵ
У̫ı˴˹ǸҲġ
ڳ»һĪչʱ򣬳յ˶ѵĴţ峿õ˾޸˲顣
һʹߵȥݿɽկ̸ʱ
ȥھͻȥ͹ȥ
ӵûʲôȥ̸
Ҹ㣬Ͼȥ
Ϊ˼У֤ѾУα׼ĳһЩһ¡
ü΢壺ѣҾðˡ
ҹμһֱĵط޺šѺʮֻңһ̶ܵˣһҪۿû£ܷġ
ҡҡͷҿ̫ˣħˡ
㲻͵ħˣҸ㣬ݿܽؽˡ
һӣ뿪ˣ˵Ļᡣ
ⳡ˷ˣһжղֽţȫʤɽկڳ׵ָ½˺ɽɿںܿ챻֡
ձӪײûɿƺͺ
ǸƺҼ̻ص۶
ǹгʲô𣿡
׿ƣ˶٣˵ҵİ䣬Ҳġ
еĽԣüͷһҸȥ
ɣӪҪӣҲûյκζĴţֻǲģû뿪ҵôá
һ£û뵽Ϊ̫ӵĳ׻˵ĻҲ̵⵽԰ĸ顣
á
ҹ˿ֱ۶
ھеĳ»˾죬ҲʹŸɣܻ̫һҲ
죬ѻʹҵĵطˣûһϢ
»ҧأд˸ţã˶ԺһƬӡ
æſû߼Ϳ׷糾͵ӭ
һ˲
£ɻˡ
ʲô˳»
ǣǡ»ԼӣͻȻŻ£˵ǧż
˵
̫ˡ
ô£»ԴҪˣ˵
»Ҫ˵һ飬δδ£ݹȥ»һ·Сܸ
Ȳͨƿ޵ţֱƷݹĸ̫ںδ
ݹһſ׷糾͵ĳףǾһܿӣ˵÷÷ʱ˾ƣ˵ȥһ˭֪˾Ͳˡ
ȭͷĸҴ˿̾ͰǷ齻ĸΪŵѦ֤ݾֻһ𣿡
ݹò˼Ŀųף̫ӣˣѦΪ˶˼ô˶ԴжˣΪһŮҪҷ𣿡
ûĸĸҲҪ֪Ѧƣ֮λ
ݹ۾ԭءΪʲôȻΪ˳̫ӣɹĴ
֮ʱҺѦΪı类ʺˣλӶ
ǵģǰȨӻǿܣݹѦȷʵԼҲΪˣǣ棬õ֤ʱû̸ʵۡ
ҪǰԼϻλǸҪԼȨλ
ҴûĸѦһУֻһ䣬ĸҵԼĺӣ
ǣȻǡݹһֱڵȳԼ⣬ô꣬һֱûʹûڽµȵˡ
ˣѵĸ׾Ŀź𣿡ǰһƽݹеıŰѹƲסĸ֪̫
˵仰ʱݹԼӵĹϵҲزǰˡ

52 ·


еıŰ, ȴԼ
ȥʻʺɣȷʵ֪ݹƲͷϡ
֪ʺȻ벻˹ϵΪݹҲ, ȹѯ, , ᲻Լˡ
һʱУĸ¡, ˳ȥ
һҲûͣ
ʺǸٵ, Եĺ˵ĻȥˣƷбҪ𣿡
Ƶϲ֧𣿡
ʺҡͷϲȻȷʵܺÿ
, ȵ, ūȥͨԺͻȻӵ
ʺѷһ, ƹȥô£
ûȺ߳ţͿ״˽
ʺͺƶס, Ӧƽˮ˷˵̫׷糾͵ؾʹ˽
̫, ⡭
ĸ, ̫ںδ
ʺһԭΪ䣬̾ие˵̫֣̫ôҵˡ
ĸһ֮ĸ󹬵Ȩĸ̫ˣĸѵӦȥ𣿡
ŶȴΪ, ǰȥ̫̽ĵſڵĻסˣⶫѽҿɹܲˡⲻ̫ȻˣԼȥҾͺáʺַһ㿴ˡ
ͻȻӻͳһ˲˻ʺŵ档
ʺ̧ͷ΢ŭ̫Ǻ⣿
ĸȿٺúһ룬ĻӦ˵
һ龰æҡ
ʺ飬˲ԽԽľ
㣬㣬ⶫУ
Լһˮ˵ͣظϻĿˡ
ֹ˲ӻʺù˲˻кܶࡣ
ʺɻ󣬡⣬Ӫǰ𣿡
ĸϢͺ󣬲Ӧúܿᴫˡ
ʲô
ʲôȡĸô
֪ʺʲôûҪ߻ʵۣǰ֪ԼϻλĻ󣬸ֵܷĿɱǾġ
ʺһۺƣ˵ĿɱڣԺƵʹҵʬ壬Ҳû취鵽˭ġ
֪ƿӦֻһɵճʱԥˣʹѡ
͸֪úÿԼϵĶʽԼһ
÷ʱ̫˵ǲСĵ˾ϣ֪ȥ˺δûˡ
ĸʵȷʵ֪̫ȥ˺δڿԵϡ
Ƹܵɱ˻ʺǰ̫ϢŭūҲڣʺԷ顣
ͻʺһۣ¾ζ˵ģ̫⸱ӣҵ̫ʬ£Ϊ˰ɣ˵֪
ūſ÷԰һ̫ԺȥˣĲ֪ˡ
׾źƵڣ˵һ澣
ţ̫ӱ𼱣ū̫ȥҡ
ߣ׽˦޵ſڡ
ֿ˻ʺһۣš
ʺһ˹קסף̫ӣǷ˲
Ȼȷڽڶǻʲôطȫĸܽˡ 
仰˵ڣ˶ףǲ㱡ֽͱˣ˵֮ǰ˼棬ڿʼҪˡ
Ȼ̫ӽ˵ôףԺݹҲˡ
Цһ£ȴǱģǡ˦ʺ֣ȥ
ǵˣװô꣬װˣˡ
Ʋչ¶书һ·÷԰÷԰Ĺ̫࣬˭֪̫һͼæġ
̫ӵǹŮ÷ڶͱ˺ԺĺС
һͼˣ·ĹŮˣ׶༪٣ۿ˲ˣͷʵм̫
ūûǰ÷԰Ѱˣûҵ̫
״վƬ̣Χ˶ҷκ춯
Σ׻֣ȥɡֿһۺƣҲȥ
»ȥ
Ů϶ָʹΪ˲¶ɱڣʲκλģ÷԰ʧģֻܴңǰߣҲҪҳ
׷ˣ²ԲȵĺͶĻһ÷԰Ѱ˭ûм̫ӣ˫ͨ죬˲ϽպͱѩˮʪѥӣͣЪĴҡ
ʱ֣»۵ʵ£һûԶˡ
»̫ǲǣ
£̫ûµġ
ˣ»ˡһͻȻͱסˣһ˵ϡ
£»ɵˣǵһο̫ģˣΪԼûеһʱ֪ƾǫİ참Ӧҵġ
ʵ÷԰еط𣿡
ҹˣ涼ˣûҵ£ûϢǺϢ᲻̫˴ҪҪ˳ң
üͷ˼㶵ĿźɽӰȻͷżɽʵɽҹ𣿡
ҹˡ
ɽҲҹˣ
»һ£棿ɽѵʯͷ
죡˰Ѽɽ俪
ԼһʱԼԼоĺȣһ˲ľҪһ㡣
ţо̫ںδ
Сܿտ
ѰһֱȥֱԽԽ״ںõļɽȥѰоܲ鿴
̫أôڣ
оʯͷûʯڣӣӣ̫ˡ
׿Ӧڸʯڵһߣˣƿ
ûһᣬʯںȻһڵϵʱֺּ¡
ȥ˱ڻУ䣬䡣
оԼƺڱУϱʱҲô䡣
ƺʯڵԣҡȻоĺѽ
ǻþ̫Լ𣿻룬ʶģ
ʶʱ֪Լվʲôطǰ·һһţһãһƬ䲻֪нͣ·ڡ
ʩ
·ǰͻȻ֣ŷһע
ʦ
ǰδ߹صȪ·ǰ
Ҹôߣ
ߡ
ߴһ𣿡
ӷ𡣡ԵӰʧڽ紦
󿴣ȴͻȻһϵڶ𣬡ͷǧͷ
̶סˣȻʶǰһ
һԼ·ϵĵӫ⣬˰ã·˵һ·أ̧ȴ˻
ϵֳˣߣٲ߾Զˡ
˭
ͷߣٲ߾ͱסˡ죡
ʣǲϵȥֻ˵һ仰
˵Ļߡƽһ飬̧λñ۾ǰһͻȻϤ䣬䡣
ˣǳںȻʱȴоǰ·ϡ
Ǻ
ϵͷߣˡ
±۾ĵΣѡ㡣
ߵԽԽ䣬䡣
һ¶˾ģ                    
лҪ˵ξľȫͬˡ

53 ܳ


ǰ, 󣬵ת˲䣬һǿȻ۾֮еһж˺ڰ, ȴͻȻů, ú, ˯
̵Ĺߣ˹˫, Ƭ, Ϥĳ֪Լþˣеĳ΢, , һ
һƫͷ, ͿſԼߣ˯ˣſ, üͷ, ϻա
, ӦлԣӦøлˡ
ڽ¥½ݣȥݵˮУǸСԺ֮ʣеһǰȫûзĴΡ
ĴοɲԵǰԼ˺, ָͷס硢磬СԺһӾԼ硢ơӢ˵Ƿء
ǷŵİɣǲǾиԭǰˡ
ų׵ϸƺͼеĲ̫һˣûôûôĮƽů
˼ݵǰһμʱڻʺϣؾص˵Ļ¶ôТ˳ȴܸоĵĿܺǿջЦòӲûбģĵһ뷨
ĵĿģĵڶ뷨뷨ʹˡ
Ǻ֣˿ˣ˸ܲܵˡ
䡭˯еӵ
ͻȻۿʪˣͷ
ס֣߻Ӧ£ڡ
Ųһӣ۾ԭڿǰ˵һ˲䣬
䣬ˡЩſŵ̫ãһ£ŷԼ֡
һӽס壬˫Լֿá
ǻɬֱӿͷһתȥۿҲ޷ͣ
ס֣ȴʵĲӡ
£Բ㵣ˡ
仰óмůɬ
ʲôûԺ˵Բ𡣡
ǰڶ˵ԲˣˣΪʲôҪ˵ԲûжԲκˣİ䣬κ
ûУеĴԼ
ľԼˣҪԼûвǸͲ¡
ͻȻʶʲô£Ϊλſף˷ˣս벻𣿡
ЦЦżܺãսºܳɹһºܲá
æʣʲô£
˫ѯʵ۾һıǼ⣬ѽұŵˡ
ͷ䣬װ˵ӣ䣬֪ձʱж𣿡
жˣ֪ģͷѪ·ӦҲУգɫ϶Ҳô
ܳ𣿡
ƯƯģֱ̇䣬㰲οοңŵˡ
޹ֿĵطڵֿסͷЦ˵²¡
ȴĽ£Ҷˡ
ȴЩЩվȣæסǣЪϢƬ̣״ָ̬һЩתЦſ䣬Ȥǣˡ
һ˹ӣҼ壬ǵϴ˵ҹĲóԣùÿն͸ȡ˵žҪš
£˻俴һĻɬȴоͷ۵ȥŷͷϲһȦ
һ䣬˿ڡ
֣˵£оͺá
䣬롭ιԶգ۾Ŀ䡣
ȴᶨҡҡͷɷнµĵУ㿴ѽ϶࣬϶࣬۾ĺѪ˿⡪ô࣬ҲŲҪιҳԶ
Ȼů׵ģǹģںããоͳʳңһ·ܿ
հɡ˶٣ҸһΣе£ҲμҲѽԣú˯ôμأ
һӾͱסˣǰӵסʵ˵䣬̫ˣҾԼȫ˵ˡ
ȻͷҲ̧ĳȥˡ
޷ٶ˵һ仰ˣΪ̫ˣֻҪһſڣЩůķ̵ĶһǼļۿ޷ֹģǱɹ̵ˮ
Ĩۿµʪɫȥ
˿ףԡСƬ̣ĵֹ˹˵밲ĵ޵⣬͸죬Ը㣬ࡣ
˿Աͷϲŵİɫ۵óе
䣬Ҳܵκ˺
ûдţƬ̣巵
븸ˡѰ̫Уδʱս
ʵۿԵ̫æҩ˼ڴվߵ׽ǰָʹѾˣǽ˷˴ȫʤϢ
ʣһֻǸϵʱѿһˣû˭˽Կɵġ
ʵ̾ͻȻʵ̫ˣ
޴󰭡
ѽ֪ЩԽסҲȷԼסʱүȴƫƫҪԣȴΪסһУǵˡΪһˣǧա
һˣǧգǺ⣿Īǡ
̫ʱˡʵ̾һף޸оǰˣֵֵܡ
˻ʵ۵˼ڰԼģֵΪλɱǵԼϻλɱ˳С
ȻҪɱѵǰһɱԼ𣿵ʱֻ˳Żʵ˵ĸԺͬӣȻ
ãáʵ۵ͷʺ飬ʱ᷸Ϳô꣬ûйҲпͣؼҼ㲻ҪͿˡ
Լ˦ۣ֣عʣף븸ʷġ
ʵֿ̫æҩ˳˳ɤӣ֣ȥɡ
߳巵վڽϣǰĻʹûиܵ˿֣ϵĵӺءǰ֪ʲ⽫λܣȴʮӻʺĸ壬ҪٽһЩ
ǸλȥףȴûܺúסⱲӣ᷸ͬĴ
յѩƮ˼ܿ͵׼նҪĵѾͷϵİײɢͷ˾Υķ١
Ҳ÷԰ʧȥʶǰ˺ƣȻ֪˭Ҫȴû˵֪ƹǻʺεˣҪƾԼһ仰ǰ첻ˣͲҪٸˡ
ܿ͵´˿δûμӳϦᡣ
ҹĻ٣ʹ̻оʳõС̻ͤ
մӳϦĳܺãҴҸϵĵһԺͿ䴩͵ѩСͤ̧ͷ̻
䡣
һͷһůůЦݡ
첽߽ͤʵ𣿡
ץѩ멵һ˵أů
״ӱӵס䣬䣬ϲ̻𣿡
˲䣬ѩ멵Ӳ䵽׵ıǼ⣬ġ
ϲ
ÿҶ㿴
š
˾Ŀ̻ʱǨů
ͻȻ˵䣬ҹĵ𣿡

54 


Ķ, ̫ȴԽԽСĲԽ
ͷ˫ˮ۾ĵͷ
õ˿϶, һᱧ, ״޵, ڴϣԼѹ, ǰŮ, ָĦϸӡ

¡촽
ָѹס촽˵һ̲סġ
촽һ¡
һѾ, Ȼ, ¶СŮ, Ȼ״ʱ뷨
ͷ촽
ѪҺ˲䶼ӿͷ۾˼Ĵסˡ
ܿ, סͷ, ƽ˻ȥ, ư̫ˡ
˫Ѱοű˴ˣģԴ䱦һƷһĨ
ͷÿŮӽյݣĿУϸµĳղ̰ӶϢ
ҵĺ׵, Щۡ
ȻҲδµëͷСӣǵǰһӵаʱĨʮί۵Ϊȥˮȴڵڶݹʱüԣһ붼ʱԼ
ЩӣЩţҪٴȫԼˣ쳣ӡ
۾˵ȴȥ´·Щָһһ⿪´
ʱס֣䣬ңҵĶҪˡ
ȥԼλãǲǺܿ죿
Цŷס֣Լȹϵλã£ǲǸˡ
ʧЦҾ֪ҵİ˵Ƥ
²ϲ𣿡
ϲϲ
˵ͿʼȹָѾĲӣǸδµ꣬ȴ֪׵ĲΪϧҪϧ²ܺúϧĽţµõȴֲܺúñĺ¡
䣬Ⱳӣ㡣
һҹ࣬ůʡ
յů͸ӹᣣ´ϣӳģۣͿװ촽һġ

ҹû׹
׾ҡҡͷһӶ
仵ЦסĲӣֻ·ҹѵûˣ
ô̫𣿡ץסֹּ֣»
װȥˣպպģһӣڱӸϡ
İ亦ˣʼ£䣬ȻҪ۾˯һᣬʱ㡣
ûͻȻһ˫ֱۣסתͷﰢֻðһͷͷԼǿɰɵЦ
£ʲô
ͷŰ˺Щ𻨽֪ҿɷҳһĹ𻨸⣿
ôһ˵붫ʱҲ˵ƵĻֻΪ밲ʱܾѵġʱǨѾͬˡ
ϲԣҽͶһЩ
ú̫ۣܶ࣬һС̾͹ˡ
䶥űӵͷʮֻǵĳͷһűӵϣ䣬Ҳȷ᲻㡣
²ǻҪȥ𣿡
˵һ仰𣬴Ӵ˾糯Ҫҽ󵱸ֻľ𣿡
һӴϷȥűӹ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾ղǵ½ұڻеģֹҡ
ʧЦϻ۸㡣
ߵſڣֻתͻȻ˵ˣЩˣ糯ʱҸͷšȻӻｫóϣӦʺѣõģŵʱʮֻϲ䣬˯𣬼ǵúúóԷ
ֻ¶۾ıӵͷë޵ʲôһһġ
ĵǸ˵С
׳޵˹ڴϣ˸оԡ¡
оⶬյ峿Ҫԡ
ȿȡνأǸоѽҲ峿ԡʱܶ࣬ͱˣ׼ͺá
оŶһȥˣ´£ϵš
Сã档һ׮ϲ´Ҫͬ˵£ֻǽĪ䣬˵Ǻ㣬֪Сÿɷܻظ鼸գΡ
Ҫùˣһתͷҫ۵⣬һж˵á
ŵĲʽˮ𻨸⣬иʽµСˣǳװԵġ
һˮ𻨸ڳ׵У³һʢһ˿ڳԱߣԼԣ
ҧһˮ𻨸⣬˲磬ؾ׽ֻϸ廯壬ޡ
䣬ҾȻ֪ա
ЦһЦǰҲˮ𻨸ģֻûԹ
ϲͺáͻȻһ飬£Уҿɷܻ 
׷и㣬⸱ӣĶŪҪǲأ
⻰ʱ˪˵ӣ˰ġ
ǡһ¡ָԼ˵
⻰һ˵źŵĹŮǶЦ
ΪẦߵ䣬ȴһӾ촽ѵˮһܿ뿪ˡ
ʵһ뵽ǰ˵С¿ӣһס˵䣬Լ𣿡
£Ҫ˵㻰ҿɲԻظأ
з۾ʵ
˵
˵ϴλظʺӻ´ߣûüͼ˳һԲ´۾ίˡ
Ƶм¶һӣ»˼źʳĹ˳ȥ
ЩʽȻܺóԣȴûǰɫɲͣԣ䣬ҪҪιң
伴̼һ⣬죬ι㡣
ʳ׵Ҹ˵Щ˶ûɫɲͣҪιңЩʽɲ
£ˣڵĴյȫ˵ԼʲôµŮӣǰЩ鶼ãҹͻȻ֣컹δʹҴȥһԼû֪
ȴ˵⣬ǳӦ
뵽Щ£ͻȻһ㱡ϵĺҲˡ
Ϊһѽ뻳Уͬ⣬ͬ⣬ҹҾ븸ʣ棬ʱȻҲͬġ
빬еŮô˵ҾͻصģΪ̫̫׼ˣҲͺðˡ
ڶյڳ׵Ļʱͷգ峿Ѿ쵽ˡ
̧ͷǷӣһգ£ûй𣿡
ۣ˲øЩûУҽ
һҲҪһȥ̫Ӽ٣֪˵͸硣
ûСֽУȦסı۾һû˯ѡ
屻̶ס۾ƽӵľǳ׵ĺᣬ͵Цϴʹ
һֱͷ׵ͷ۾һѹ£űò̫ջ´𣿡

55 ظ



µʱ, ۾ӦȻû´
񺹣ɲ뿪, ұһᡣ
, Ϣд, ȴʮ˰ġű۾Ǿ˯һɡ
һ˯, ĵĹ˶ҽȥ, »оһӵ壬һӵճ̡
˵ǽջ𣿡
ŵ¾ûԶٶ˿ôá
˸߶, ſ, ׹źɫ, £»ȥҸ¡ֿһо, ̫ۻ, , Źɳǡ
ĵĹһƣ˽Ǽգ̫ӷӢ·ǳȻ鴫
, ׿ûգĳװס
ùţĲǳ»ˣǳףһ忡Ʈݡ
ʱ򿴹ص̫ӷΣͻȻƼɵһ㶣ͻȻһ֣˺ÿҵģĪĽС
ЦԼЩϲҫŮƺûʲôˡ
׼
龰ʱһСϳСʳлӣѬϷ̺ӣһҪԶ·ӡ
£ǲһʱ̣ڵ۶
ڳģơ˵ִӻóһƬļҶЩ⣬Ҳɴ˰䣬㴵ǸӺ죬ʲôӣ
ͷʵ֣ҸĶ˼ǵҲѰĴȴǲ塣
ЦΣǸûע㴵ӡˣֻžᣬκǰͬˣû˼ɲֻһ飬ǰ֪˶ٱˡ
ʱ¿ֻϲѦӵİɡСϵĻ
ûСл䣬Բ𣬴ӽҲˡ
ЦЦһŶ֪ˡ
ˣˣԼʲôҪʱ¡
Ļ䣬˵ġ
ͷһ
еĻӣзУһʱûùȥŻӣţ䣬ˣ
ʱȫ۶˿ɶҵЦ鰵Ȼųײע⽫еĻһӶ˹£⻰ӾǲǸ׼ģ
úۣӿ§УԲҲˡ
ܿ͵
ʱſӭӵ˶һǫʵû뵽һż̫ܰҲ̸ߵСīȥ
֪̫Ӽ٣ʧԶӭǫ
ɲض񡣡ȻתһСģһݺǻҵ˶УȻҲеĻӦ
ЦŴȤСҪ̫Ҽǵ֮ǰһӾˡ
û俪ڣ׾˵ûð䣬Ӵǰˡ
˵ĵҲʵǴν˸պòãֶգ̫ҽ˵壬ҪϸǻУۣ˵֮ǰ鶯ӣûһӿ
鿴е𣬸æ졣
վԵһĻζӳ¡
ȴֱתһȦҺúõģ˵δһЩ
ȻԴ˵£ǷЩ£ֻм䷢̫£ڶ´ˣ
ͻȻʱȷǼתͷʵ䣬ҵģ
䴹ҡҡͷûУҡ
ǣԼˣϾͷ˴ôܲͣķأ̰οңңʱôҪַƵ·أӦ˸ȹŶԡ
۶˶ӣԵӢõ˵ҹ߻˵ЩĻ̫ӵµĻǲǾҵĻƽѽ
Ӣ䣬䣬Щ˵ĺĻܾŵġ
һ˺Ժͽ˴۵Сۡ
ǫһ֣̫뵽
Ӣ濾ֱȥ˷褵᷿
䣬ˡϵķ߹
侪ȵ˵㲳ˣǰķ褲һȦݣɫƣز֮ˡ
µȿˮܡ褽͡
Ӣ˵ˣ˵ЩŮӾˣĺӺܽˡ
ŷ褵֣вЩܣҾ˵粻Ǹƻصˣۼ㣬д˼㡣
տǰɵǻˡӢ˵ɺŵԵļĽġ
һӢûлղ˵˺ĻܾţæʵͬʲôŤ𣿡
Ҳûʲô£㲻صǡ
ȴ˵ôǴ£ҪɾȢޣ˵ʲôŮӲΪޣΪ檵ǿԡ
뷨ȫ⣬Щ֮ں档Ҳ˽ӢãӢǾԲ檵ģ˵ˣҪŮһ򲻿ɵġ
Ϊظܸ˸ˣȴôһĵ¡
˵
յĲ£֮ǰһֱƭ˵Խûƫ
䰲οۼȻģһҪ
Ӣȴʣ಻кιϵѹҪȢңȴѹҺܶûʶҶ߽ĳ졣
ƺǸѽ⣬Թ֮¾ˣӢǲΪԼۣ˵׻Լ
Ӣã𼱣Ҹ취
仰˵ҲֻǰοһⶼûС
褺Ӣøзǣɴི˴ӳ»оĹȤ˵ԼЩɥһ£ȴһ
ӣˣ׼ˡ
ſŮ档
֪ˣȥ
һͬȥ
ȥʱ򣬼о춼ѾãסۺǫվȥԼˣվλϣҲͶվ
ŮһƣЩܳ䣬ǵһڼ÷ףЩ˼
Сĵϵ£¡
Ȥ⼸ҪҺ𣿲УҲҪʾ˵鸮ɾҪ̨ѡޡ
ЦѽҲǵȢ޵ʱˡֿ˵Ǹˣеֻԧ첻ɣ˵ûͷӽҲᵽˣȴůġ
Ƹ׾ƣ£Сϳ簮ˣµĵطº
׽оˣûаѰչ˺á
ҲƱ˽̫ӵ£ɲֻ˵ĺ۰ˣ۸ҿɲ˭ġ
鲻񡣡
ȴ˵Ҷ԰Դ˵žһ
ΪԼе㽩ӲæһǴУ磬Ǵ㡣ʢŹŹһ𻨸⣬£𻨸տǸѧģ㳢
ӣЦһʱ䷹ϵջԾˣ˵żҳĵúܿġ
Ϊ˼ˣǫŽ˷ĬĬһ͸ˣǿʲôҲ˳ȥ֪ؼԲģƶЩܡ
ԱˣҲӢȥСԺﴵ磬ֻʣ˳סۡ
׿һۣ۵ͷҲڼ˻
֪лҪ˵ң˻š
£л˵޷
״Ͳͳһ飬飬˴ȥƽˮ֮ĵؽ˷ȷЩֻ֣ò⣬顣

56 


Ƿ˽Կˣ
ǵ, ֤ȷ䣬ˣõ˴˽Դ֤ݡ׽򿪷ǰ
ϸϸȥ, һ
δ⵨̫Щ
ײǿ, ˺ܾ˵о仰顣
, Ϊٶ꣬Ѿ֪Ҫ˵ʲô, ޷, ġһżȴòѡˣһ۴뵽˸ղŰҸģ, ˵², ϳѱѡ񡣡
ʹһʼ, ƫֻΪȷӸпܳΪһԴӰ붫˿, ҲѾ̫һˡ
, ΪӦΰ죿
̫ӵ˼, ϳף糯ϳ鵯ӡ˽Դǳ֮£ɳٺʲˡ
׵ͷֹˣԴǰȥȴû򸸻ҵʧְ
̾Ʋ, ΪͬСɣûи֪̫ӣǸϳ
˵ãָʹҪһ֪˵˻УҲԣ糯һƲһڴ˶лˡ
˫ЩŽУʵڲ֪ʲôǻʵ۵ķ񶨣ԼְǻʺһԴӴ˳Ϊʸ֮ģȫˡ
֪õĴʽ糯ͻȻ࣬Ӧȥ巵ʵۺпѹ´£ǱȨ֪ҪǳӲ÷
ѱѡ
״ӻ߳ſڵۣһЦһͬԶվ÷̸Ӣá
䲻ڻЩ³ױûܿҲ֪״˷Ĵ㡣
磬֪ϲ̫£ңҴﵽԼĿҲɡ
ⲻãѾҲʵˣǱ飬û˭ʡ
һʼöı£Ѿ˰ɡ
ͻȻתͷۣۣ˵һô죿Ӧʲô취ѻʺһ״򵹣ʱ䲻ˡ
Ķ̫ᣬֻ˽ֻͼı֪ʵûտɻˣͷֻʵ۵Ĳǰ࣬ʱǰˡ
ʱ䲻ˣ۷ʡ
š׶˶٣֮ǰȥˣѦӦû飬ģҲðʧȥˣҸʿܻŭĶΡ
Լã֪̫ߵһףӢ˵һ仰˵̫Ƽǿʵʺܴļǿˣİ⣬ĴҲЩЩȫǿֻҪһ˳£ܺ״
׳ĬƬ̣ͻȻ˵ۣڸѡޣ
磬ˣΪ£涼ֺá
׼ǵǰ۲ԸˣΪɳĻ̣û취
ԻЭǵģļ£ֻҪԼöע⣬û
ҲԻ˵ġ
缪ԡ
ȥҲ
ᱧ𣬡䣬ˣǻݰɡ
ҹҹȥةฮ˶ѡ糯Ҫһʧ
͵͵Ǳѵķ䣬һ⻹ǵһγ˹١
̫ӵ£ǡ
˼ȥ㸸ܻỵ£һֱΪĹϵû
۾ɱҶû⡣
ͻȻסȻ֪ѺԼĸףû뵽ᵽ˵ز
һһˣĸ׵ģǻûģõģţұȽϲá˵ʱһƽƺ˵˵顣
˵ɣʲô£ҪɱôҲȫˡ
ûôأֻ㸸޷糯ȡһҩƿһܣЩҩЩ󣬹㸸˯һˡ
ùҩƿܣͳţȻȳ׻С
һ죬׶ڶźˣֻվһԣ۾עţ͵ŻʺŭͻȻ
죬ƮѩǰԾʱա
յĶûһһһ˵ĹֻҪ߽̻һ˫Ϭ۾עԼ
ʺָо߽ʱ򣬺ĹŮ̫ȫ˵⣬˵˳ȥ
˲ɭϯȫķŭһǰ̧֣Ҫظһơ
ȴͻȻץֱۣ˦ˣûĻʺֱֱˤ˵ϣˤİӶˡ
վָųף㵨˶ң
Ӧøмڻ˶㣬֪Ժ㻹ûлָҡ
㣡Ϊλ룡ҶҶ˵˵Żʺ
Ŷˣɺûȥ糯𣿴ˣˣʼ빬
ʺȴͻȻЦˣбϾǱµ⣬˶Ѻ뾲˼ԹۺЧ
һ֪ܿˣ˭˵˵ܲǶĲ֮ˣ
ؼҼңôûͣҸȻʮףϾǷ֤ݣȥԼĲ֣©
زߣҸ㣬زҼͷˡ
ԭǹظϵĶӣԼĺӻӵӿǽˡ 
ĸ˵ʵڿЦҿɴû˵ҪزߵĸԸܵģҺθɡ
㣡㡭
ˣĸȻˣ˼Զڱأʮֿຮҿ㻹ȥȽϺãˣеĺӼˣǲҪٲˣʱɲܶŭѽ̥ɲˡ
ʺָųװ˵󼷳һ仰ҵţ
պ󣬻ʺһɲжظһ𣬶ةҲ没УĺӹȻûסʺϴ棬Ӿ͸˵ˣڱصľ˼Կࡣ
ȥתֵ£峿𴲣˸ˬƼȥԼĹ𻨾ƣӦǿԺˡ
о˰ѹڳһ̳ÿƷ
оʱҲǿĵĲˣ̫Ӻ̫⣬ū澵Ҳմ⣬߳ȥ˭߿һۡ
ϡ
һֱȵûȵ׻ȴ˵ײײۡ
һæʵɾ£
Ҳ磬Ϊĵ
ʲô£
һԭȴͻȻ侲ʲô˵¡
Ǵ˵£㻹˽вǳʲô£
ȴƴڻұǸӣûʲô£ǻʺǱЩСñ̷ˡ
в˼¿ɾԲ֪治룬Ȼ󲻸ͣһ̵ܳĵ

57 ʧ


Ӫҵ׵ġ
ǡоһµս, ʮֿģưŪɳ̵
۽˽һ㶡
ۣôʱˣ
۴, , , ʧˡ
׺ʵô£
˵Ѧ֮ʱȴͬھ, ƽҲ, ˭֪죬˶ЩˣѦһ뵽Լڶܳ裬ȫ, һ, ̼顣ǿϷ, һȥ˵˾䣬ΪҲ֪̰īѦΪ𣿡
һ仰Ѧ˾ƣ֪·ͬС, ʵô֪
Ҳ˾, ֪Լ˵˻, æϣȴѦݣԼ߸ŵƧ֮ء
ȻҲûֹѦȴ˵ʲôǵˣˣ˼һ㡣
֪Ҳ꾡, ˵ֻ˵˵ǺѦ˿ڽǺ˾Ͳˡƣüû˰ɣ˶ҷˡ
һҪȴס˵ҳ仹֪£ȥ£˭¸߰䣡
ƳȥŷԼһ亹ǰѦɱѵӲ𣿲ݼʹڵ۶Ҳ
Լˣʵڹ̫⣬ʧ˾ԡ̰īһ½Ϊ鰲ȫˣȴû뵽Σⲻʱš
æ˶һҹķ˪ƿĵ޵š
еߣߵǰȻţϵļӦøѡһЩӵġ
ץס֣ڴһǣˣ̫ˣ¾ÿ·ܶ඼ûϹ
ɲһǰ˵ǰ·ɲһûдϹһ·ķ
飬һ
ֿ˿ĽУЩˣȥ¾Щġ
Ȼʵȡ˹µĹ𣬵ҪһЩ𣿡˵ŷ½ȥƣߵʣɾҵˣƺǺܽ飬ֲ˵֪ûҵ㡣
žһ۲˵ŵķˣֳЦԼˣǰ֪ˣڻôƽ˵ŷĻ
ҵˣûʲô¡䣬ϲЩֵĲͱˣҪȥĵҪȥ¼ˣϢ¶һ
žƱһͣųʵû£ǻʺǱʲô
û£û¡˵ʱĲˣҿ۾
ݸһ𣬡֪ϴұŵˣģľǡ
ǰˣ͵ģܲģûᱻ״ơ
⼸һæţԼú˯˵ˣ˯ϲűӣ治֪ûҵʱôܲġ
ôҹҪߣ
ţ˵˵Ĳʲô£ȴһ׮£һܿ촦õġ
׺Ⱦоƣ䣬һһݡ
ҹϵһҹ֮ࡣ
£ϳ
Թң飬ʵû뵽̰īû뵽Ѧסһȴδ
ǷйѦ֤ݣ鲻ع˼ңʱ൯
ûҪԹ£СƲִ֪磬ҵѦңڻʱ򣬵¸Щ֤ݣƣҺǫһֱڲ䣬ҪĲǡЩ̲סѹҵ飬ڻˣ
˵ҲƵӪȥң鲻Ҫ̫ģֻûµġ
ʵһǡϴ۶˵ĻǼȼǿִģ֪԰жҪĴεȥݣϧڴȥݲ鰸˵иһ԰Ĵġ
ģģһıݣһвǶܺôݣ
ҹûκǻʬʵѾûеطˣ۶ÿһطó׷ˡ
ȴֻҴ԰䣬ԼεĲã°ͻȻ˵Ҫô졣
ͻȻˣѦ˽һ̣Цӯӯ£ҰһЩ
Ť̷֫ϣ˺üʱ³
׿һ۳»»ͷӹ̫|ݣȻڵ»ض˽ĻӲôˡ
磬ն㲻ڣǻý
бͷ꣬֬ζŨѦһԶ˶㣬°ɣԳȥˡ
硫Ѧ񽿵εεĺһŵȥ׵šݹģ˵ǵֵסɫװĺǾ£ִ˵Ͽȥ
ʲô׼վȥ
ûУ׶ô׹֮ǰǺǻмѣԴ˺Ҳֻ䵭û׺ݵĶԴ
СԽݹ˵ѦһӾ粻ϲ𣿡
Ŀֻ㵱ĸˣôߣҲˡ
Źĸ֮ǰŶҺõûϲΪȢѦʵ벻ⶼôˣĸһ̾ͺˣ˰ˣʵ̲ˡ
Ȩɡܰȣұ⹬ٻǲȻͱҲꡣ
Ѧ񲻿ŵĿųף㻹ʶǸ𣿡
ǣǣһʼѦһԸ֮ݹĲϴϣܾܾҲ޷ľܾĻ£ȻȢ
񣬱ľҵġ
ûϲ͸ˡһֱҪϷݹˣѦҵģôڲϷˣڸһ۶뿴
ȥ
ѦʶĳףײײĳصĿһ˵֮ǰϣôϣ׵Ĵˡ
ֻôģҧгݵ˵֣䡣
ڶգȵ糯ʱѦνĵƶȹ٣ͷϵ޻ҡذڶһϢߣȥĵ
һ𴲣ͤι㣬ͿѦ˽ж֣Դϴ֮Ѧ¦ϫ¶ĵôˣ
̫Ǻ£ιءѦһʢ˵ӡ
䲻ãʺι㡣
ѦͻȻ߽˰죬һŹѵ治֪̫ӿˣǿĵѲǻܳѽ
߲ƣ˾裬Ȼ²ˣͲµ𷣣
ѦЦҽտǺĺģ㣬һ㻹Ҫмء
Ĳɵ˵ֻǿѦ
ϣ˵˫ĻͦÿģֻǿϧһҪЩˡ
Ҳϻл˵ûʲôͿ뿪ˡ
ͻȻģѦɫˣǳŪĿ䣬֪̫Ӷ飬˵ң˵㣬⵹ûʲô˵ٹվ»ֻǣϲƭˣǰƭҺÿ࣬ȴƭˣ㻹ڹɡ
ƭʲôͻȻ˶ֱֱվʳȹϣֹ˵ϣһ飬ƭʲô                    
лҪ˵̹״ӿǿҡǰúܶ൶ƬҪģЦjpg
趨õľ飬ǰҲ̵棬ûѡɷıǩ
СŰ飬Űߵ͸вͬ߱Űеߣɣjpg
ѾвõԤУģλĴȣһ޳jpg+Ͱjpg

58 


ѦһӾЦ, ⸱ŵӣҾȻá
ս䣬ƮƮ˵磬, ʧٺö, Ӧ˰ɡ
䡪ͻȻըѿ, ֱ뷨ûУʶ;˵ǶԵ, ϱӵج̫, һ˲䣬ԵĻͻȻͺԤ׵ĳ˶ߣѱ䣬ѱ䡭
㿴Ҿ˵, Ưӱ׼Ҫġ, Ҫǲ, ȥʵѽҸŶ֮Ҹ緢ִ䲻, ǵ¶࿴Ѧѽ, 㿴ҸڲûɱԼ̫, ¶㲻һʱʣʲôҪأȻǻλʲôȨ֪ѽ
ұ죡ǿӣţоо
СоһĻһ, ܹס䡣
о޵
տһ˾͵˵ϡ
Ѧ񾪺һ̴Ź澳ĵ
Ƭ˹ǲסĲģо
˵һĻûУңҪؼңҪȥҶ硣
˵žʹӴҪȥоҲ䣬ӣôˣ
о֪ʲôһǰԺͿɫףӷûüεˡ
ˣϿ캰澣ȥ̫ӵ£
ȥ亰
Ĺվ޵ſڲ֪Լΰ죬Ȼ̫ںܲԾ
ӺңѦĻǴһŸոѧΣҪԼ̫
˵ǶĴôΪʲôôˣ̰īѦúõĻϣǵ˵ԼΣ˵ᱣסȻҲ˵ҪһȲŻὫѦ֮ڷ
վȨ
ĹϢ飬˽ľ档
뷨һγɾͰȫˡ̫ӣҪѦĽͣð뷨һӾûˡ
˻ޱȣһ𣬵ڵó˴𰸣ҲĶԴԼȴֲȨͻλ
аԼأʼʹԼΪʲôΪ̰īͻûˣΪʲôôų˵ĻᱣöĻΪʲôڳ˵ʱѦ֮ڷʱԼûйϵľܾ
̫ųף̫Լǡ
ԣ
Ҫȥԣһ֪ģ
оҪ
оȻ֪ʲôȴ֪ڵ״̬ܲãܴ̼
һáֶû˵ڣͼѾײײܳ޵
æһ׷ȥſڻǺ£綼ˣ̫һҪ档
ʹ֪ЩҲһۿԾ̫̬ȫޣŶſܹͷɢңϵδŵĹ·æ׷ϣͷĻæȥ֪ͨ˺
һվоͰѶϡ
æסȥ·̫ҪȥСĻ͡
žҪҲף˵ǻʹˣ˿ܲô࣬ƺһ£Σվͻһ֡
ǹܡ
ȳ˶˵ΣֻȳһԤУڲȥȵ³ͳȥˡ
˵ž;ֱҪȥأֵǰסȥ·̫ˡ
ÿÿƾ˵Ķ˿
ƺЩվס˰벽ƿЦҲ۸ңǡѽǳ׵Ķôܡ
̫
Ҵҵĸ˹ȴͷһɲһ
ǰŮɫɷףȫᣬɢң͵ҡҡ׹æǰ񣬡̫ǡ
ооҡҡͷ
̫Ҫȥģ͡
ҳƣֵǰ
˿糯ķЩԣ̫̫Ӳڣ»ҲڣҪô죿
̫¿֪
俴ź˵ͻȻһקĽļĲҳƣ
ǰĹȶΪֵ̫ȴǵǣ˵̫ÿŮӣҲеӡһʼſң˭ϣ̫Ӻ̫ܺͺģôˣǰ֮ˣûмģ˺ԣƺʱᵹһ㣬ȴǿýв
̫ʲôˣ
ȴͻȻԼϣŵһ˾̫
Ѿûʱˣǰ·ӰѪȡ
һ֪ξȶ磬Ψһϣ
ץס̫ȥ
Уǳ׵ˣҲ㣡
仰˵һ˵Ĳǵ£䣬˵Ҳ㡣
֪ʲôҲ֪Ҫȥĺ⸱ģȥȥĵطĻᷢ衣
ʵڲ̿䣬ӻóơ
̫Ұųȥ
һùƣá˵͹Ŷŵķȥ
̷Ը죬ں汣̫÷ˡ
Լæǰų³
˶ŷ֣ڵ۶⣬·Ҫһ죬ʲôûоɴӣ
ļû
·ϵĽΣɢҵķ٣ڽεȥƮ
ȥƥ
оʱ佥ͷ˿֪һŶˣνֻҪ˻ԣͺá
֪֪֪˶ʧٵ£һĵ˻£ﶼȥˡ
ӱ޸ϵ£ͻȻ֪ԼõʲôĴ𰸡
ſڵ֪ɮһ۾ϳ䣬Ů⽻ˣҵ
ʩ㣿
Դʦ
ʩԵȡ
Ƭ̣֪ɮ˽ȥǸŶ룬о⡣
̧ͷһȻ⿪ɷ׵ģ۵ʱһ¡
ʩĸںֳ
ʦңξ
ԵݸһȲ裬ʩܶ˰ɣůůӡ
Ҳ䣬ʦȸңξȶ磿
Щ̣ԼҲҪ˺ã㱾˺
һӾָԼлʦ֮ǰһܲپҶһ
еķ飬ҡҡͷǲܾͬΪҾȲҲ
ȲˣеһӾˣҵȥĺòã
ⲻһһĵ
𣿡
㲻ͬ޷֪ҲҲѡ·еһʩڰ
ڰΪʲôҪ˵ڰǶѾû취Ȼ˼
һʯͷ޷Ϣһ˫ϥأʦ֮ǰ˵˶ĻˣʺҳҲûгǲˣҴˣʦҲӦò㣬˵ʲôҶһƹŷҲԸ⣬ֻҪܻʲôԸ⣬ҲһʧȥˣҺúһжݣ᲻ֻǿʼʦңҸô죬Һú¡
ǰòϵƸͷʩһ˵ıˣѾԼŬҪִ̫š
˵ҲΪˣǸϣһӾˣͷڵϣץԵɮۣ鶯Ŀ
˺þãˣ̧ͷ֣صĶ԰һ
ҵʬ⣬
о߰ɡ
˸߳¾վ俴Ž龰
һų»ͼʮ
ĳʹΪʲôүҪôǲʱҸүˣһ̲ѵʶǰӣҪĴԼȨͻλ

59 


׷, §ڻУ䣬ˡ
õ¾𣿡
䵭ĮȻ׷ſ, ޱ, лޱȡ
, ֮ǰ˵ʧȥ, ҳɽ, ˵ŵˣղ־˵£ҿѽ
䣬˵ʲôأ㾿ôˣ
ѵ㲻֪ô㻹Ҫҵʲôʱ򣡶ǲˣ, ǲˣѹסʹ, ץų״
ԭ, ԭүԸһЩʱ䣬ǶһҸ
䣬˵, ûҵʬ, ͺпܻš
ƭ, 㾿ҪƭҶãԶΪˣ˵ʵ
ʮˣܿܡûʬϣЩУ䣬ɫˣһˣ˰, ǻعɡ
§ͻȻʵѦʲôʱ㲻˵ҵΣᱣö˵ʱδҾ㣬ʵûѦɡ
һͣסŲиطۣɫѣ䣬㲻ܣôΪ
֪»ҪѦҰϻλȻѦҵˣǸǸ̰ī֮ˣǸǧеˡ
֪ģǰѺ󣬵ʹ鵯Ѧң״顣
ġ׾ú
ѵ˵ǸʱǵǻΪ֪ʱѦŹѦʱҵĶ磬ѵ𣿡
׵Ѧ֤Ѿȫˣ㸸ʱԵ
ͻȻЦȷʵһͬˣǵһʱȥң׳ºԼ޹ذɣǲʧȥ׵֧֣
Ҳͦã벻ǰһԣȴȻ쳣ı
ҵǻҪл£͸ռѦ֤ǲסתͷų׵۾ǰ˷˼ϣԼȻԸѦ԰ɣǺı
źѪɫգиλòϵıһһµĸѪ˴멽ӵڻУǻعɣȥᲡģ㿴㴩ô
һشĻΪ˵ˣȷʵıܲѦԼʱԼάֻܽ˵ֲѦңʱΪѦɥӵٺʲˡ
ĲԸΪ۶Ѧңֻ·ѵķþƣӦôܴﵽĿġ
ҲعܴӦ𣿡ͷ˫̾Ҫӣۡ
ͷȥ۽ǵΣԣǻض
Ϊʲô
¶ˣֻȦ
㲻ϲ㣬㣬Һʧȥ㣬ҪߣҲȥҿĵط
üͷ壬ΪʲôΪʲô˵ҵĻȴоѹΪʲôҺãȴû취ǲϲǽҹСһÿιιټ϶ŪȻҲǲԸ⣿ҲСļǻҪȥļȥﵽԼĿģ
Щһһ˳׵Լ¶Цݣ䣬ǻع
ȴЦȻˣһֶԸ͡
Ѱ棬ˣѦ棬Ҫνͣ
һҴˣ䣬ңһᱣļˣںҶᱣǡ
ǲҪ㱣ֻҪ÷ܵͷˣȻ͵õ˱Ѧˣеڶ飬
˵ҲκηĻӵĺ飬˵ԼҪȴԼ
ˣ䣬ԭңǻع𣿡
ѹѾҪվסȫųϵάŲ£סδҶôԭ㣬ֻҪһ뵽ЦòҾ˵ԭµĻ£˵Ҹô죿
̲סδε䰴ԼĻǵ壬ϧ֪ģȴԼҲκĵİ취
λãһѾظС
عŰɫ޷
ĺͳ»Ѻۿ˵оѾ
׽ϴʱˣһʵ̫ᣬѵ̫ס
û۾ȴ˳
ǿסĲʣӴϻźֱӳ׵۾
˵磬𣿡
ڵֻиƭԼǼٵģҲҪ
Ĭã׶˵ᡣƭˣΪ֪Բˡʮˣǲڵߵѵ۶еũ˲ֹһ飬˾綼ҵˣôĿܲǱˣǱҰ޳ˡ
žòĳףڣֻʣһƬš
һ˾ɻصϣն۾
䣬Ե㶫ɣо˵糿ʼûԶˡվڴǰȴ߽һľ룬Сš
ƫͷԲ£ȥɡ
ᣣǰֻʣһƬɴ
ҡҡλεĴ޵ţſڡ
»̹£
վһԣȭͷѾսˣ˵̫ˣҲÿҪϢˡ
ȥ̫֪µģ
ǡҪȥоųʳС˵Ѧ糿ѦȻ֪˵ЩʲôӾ֮ġ
ױһǻŭ֪Ҫ﷢йѦΪĶˡ
ĹƻûϨѦų֮ǰ͸ӣϸ룬ƺǳ͸ģԼҪģʱԼΪǸϲԼģȴԼһʱƴû
šءһ߿ˣ׻ųԼ
֪ԼģԼ˵ģ糿ĵ߸Щº󣬾֪ôһֻ̣ǲ֪һ춼˾ʦˡ
ô
׺ţ㶼԰˵Щʲô
ѦЦ²Ƕ֪ôңֻʵ
ǰһ壬Ͳɱ㣡
ðȸңҷʲôҪɱңΪ̫ʵ𣿡
Ŷǲˣˣˣã
ѦҲˣֱųףã磬ʣ˲ϲȴΪĸоòã
סĲӣң˺˰䣬Ҿ㡣
˺˺ѽѽ̫ӵ¡Ѧһ㶼£ʹֱ̫ˡ
һӾ˵ҪŲӽѦ
ŭڵ߳ͼС̫ų»˵ʲô
»һͷͿ˳ף˵£ĵ֪ΪΣͻȻ̫ҽ

60 


һж, ʹ̣Լ˷·𱻳ˡ
Сá
ͻȻϤУ˭ں
Сá
Ƕ磡
´ȻƿᣣܿտҲ
Сá
תͷ, Դ, ͭ
վһ, ΢ЦĿ
磡ĺһ
Ǻܿͷ֣ͭԼƺ̫һ, װ, 飬ǰĵ˵ʲô
ͻȻеԼóһذףֱֱĲࡣ
, Ҫ
޺ŲĴͭ, ȴûκ, ѪĵڵϣͭеԼʧˡ
ѪȴԽתͷԼ, ֺţС, ҡ
磡
Ĵͭ, ʼչ֣żһױ̨ϵķۺоȥ
ֻͭǰȥһûκθı䣬黹빻
٣Ծʹţܿİ״ɷۺоˣ, ̱ƬƣѪоһһ
Ѫͭﺰʲôɤȴһ㣬ֻܷص
о󺰵죡̫ҽ̫ˡ
Ȼһѱס䣬ӣôˣӡ
磬棬о
оһƽͭӣʲôûС
ǿнӾǰ뿪ס۾ǺСһûУûУʲôûУӲ¡
ǿо۾ͭȥȴֻ㲵Լﻹ顣
ϵˣŵĸͭôˣղڵģ磬ܾģܵġ
ͭ˲䱻ȾѪգ˿ԽԽѪϵоǰ֣ӣûˣֻͭ
ƿ޵ŵʱ򣬿ľһĻŵͷɢͭǰо֣Ѫľ
һ§ס䣬ôˣ
ֵͭղڵġնѾѪͭڵѹˣоֻͭʱ˸ղŵһжǻ
׽ĶͷԼţ䣬ߡ
ᱧȥ»̫ҽֱӵ
ð뿪ԼߣǴĵľ룬ۿǰ۵֣һһεѪͺѪǴһ㡣
Ҳȥֻһĵ˿ȴҲûȥЩʲôߵļļͷˣıҲˣͭҲˣˣӵ޽ĺΣǰԺ˯ȥˡ
䰲Ĵϣ̫ҽ
£̫ϵްֻ𣬺ֱʢ˼˸Ҫúýǡ 
̫ҽߺ󣬳»ȥҩſڴߣḧֻ֣Ѫɫգ۵Ľëľͬڵҹնģû˻
ʱΪλŹѦ
Ϊδݻûм˱飿
İΪҪһıˣϱܵĿ๻ˣΪһүŹ
䣬һμ㣬ڻԵһߣ󷽵˵ţĽԼķкβɡǸرŮӣ͸ҹµĹ߿ݣڵƻԻ͵Ͽݣںʱ򿴼ݣûһβţģʱȴԸϣҾԶߣԶҲ뿪ңҵķʽҶȥҪȫǵգߵȴ˵˺ۡ
ǲǴˣҷѾ˼ȢΪǲǴˣҶ㲻پڵأǲǹƽõӣ
ǣҷſ㣬һġңô죿Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ҾҪôǲٴλȥǸ̻ŵĶҹ
һ˺þá
֪ΪΣ̫ҽ˺üӣȴЧ΢˼ղûã˸գһֱˣżʼ˵˺
ʱ򺰵ǡ硱ʱǡ硱͡
ʱȴǡ¡˵㣬Ҫɱҵĸ׺͸硣
仰ʱڸιҩһӾͣסˣĲףԼˣûҪ˺ҵκһˣΪİˣ
»æӹҩ룬ȴֳ׽õģǽڷ
ȥ
»ģ¡
ӣһιҩ
Щӣûȥˣϳ;Ӫǿ黹Ǵڵ޵
ιҩϴΪоԵöࡣ
սˣ仹ڴϣеʱſն۾Ŵһ˯ˡ
ľĺҩ࣬ҲӲ˵žһû˼άľͷˡ
׻ܶ໰¼ͷϣղĴἰ顣
ֱһ죬˵糯˵ɷθڿɺˣҲЩ
˵ˣ˵褡
죬֮ƺ࣬˵Ҫĵ
׽ͻĵ俪ʼƸָСӤ·Ьñ
һС·׾иطײһ£Ĳˣ䣬Ҫӡ
ͣķƣͷ˵ʲô
еĿնİһѹȱߣңû˵ʲô䣬ƵЩС·ÿ
Ԫֿʼͷơ
֪ΪʲôͻȻĻ棬һѽߺͽд˫磬˵㻹Ҫӵʲôʱ˻ʬҵĴҷŹѦңҶãеϣҪĥԼ
̧ͷֱų׵۾˵ҾǺԼΪʲô㡣
ңңҪôܽ״Ӵ̵ͷȡһСذף֪ͷһֱСذףƸİɣ֪֪Ҷ຦ذ˺Լ
ذУĵԼǲͱһܽˣǲͻˣ֪ڹʲôʬ⣡
ѽɱң
俴ĳףһӾ
߿߿ŵһˡ
ȴƽôӣĺúԼ䣬Ҹô죿
ˮ˳ų׵ۿָĿڴÿ춼޷Ⱦң䡣
֣͵ĽͱļδѪ˲ʱȾ·
ܵ˾һ
ʹóðϸϸܵĺˮϴһֱ֪ʲôζ֪ˣ˵ְѵͱһ֡
γϵذףȴյĸ䣬֪жమ㣬ھͽڳ㿴
󺰡
ذȴָһ֡                    
лҪ˵СʹǣҪҪԭף

61 


ͣ£Ҫֹ׼, ȴץεģŨŨʹ̶һĺк
֪֪Ҳز, ҲҪ뿪𣿡
һ֪, Լжôںǰ, жô᲻ˣ·Ѫʹ۾, ġ
, ûɾһӾͽذװ˳ʱѪ
»о治֪ʲôֲóȻ
ͻȻ̫ҽ̫ҽ
ȴ˿Ҳںϵ, ס, , ҽҪ㣬ڳϵѦ, ֪̫, ˵û, ˣҪη֮ˣ֮ˣȴܽĶ绹㡣
ҲԭңֻĥԼˣ֪ÿĻţжܡ
, ȴ޲һ˵λʲôˣȴľֻֻΪʲôǶⳡƷ
ƺһᣬû⿪
̫ҽܿˣ޵һͿ̫Ӻ̫óȻǰֻöվſڡ
뿪ڻ̫ҽ׾Ͷſڴ󺰣ȥ
̫ҽŵվҶ
䣬ñ֪ˡק󱳵·Ÿо˿ڴʹͷһۣѪϵţˣٲܿʧѪʡ
»
¡
ú󱳵סԼϵ˿ڣ̫ҽţ
̫ҽȥѾЩ֧ѺɫĶоʰһ¡
»о̫ԣɿȡ˶վʱǾסˣѪЩ£⡭
ߡס˿ڣùĵԼͲվ̫Σգذײĵˡ
ͷһЦݣ䣬һܺȵĹ𻨾𣿡
Ƭ̵ĳĬûκλش
ʹЦЦ㲻˵ͬˣҪȹ𻨾ơ
˼ʹԼ죬ߵſڶ̫ҽ˵˷Ը̫ҽذɡ
Ȼ߳ĵ
͸ǿװĳףĻˡʱ䣬һֱӱҲҲ벻κδ𰸣ǽ죬֪Լģں
ͬʱ־ԼԲ飬ʹôԺͼӺమأ
˵ԼȴҲ޷ԳӶ
оϵѪһӣôˣ
û£ⲻҵѪ
оסǾǡµģ
ղЩ·ĳУϧ˺ԼֻΪùһЩͷðʱ򣬻Ǳжˡ
û£ȥˡ
ŶоﲻԾͻȻʶʲô˵ĺӣԸ˵ˣ
Ҫ֪һ伸ֻҡͷ͵ͷ
һʶԼʱ״̬ģ˵ûȷʬûʲô
ԼϵѪգ˵оǰǲ̫¾һɴ˿ƽȹһϡ
оˣžͳȥˡ
ùţΥԺУźߵСͤӾѦ˵Щ˻޵һμǿ
ܾԼʲôˣȴһʱǲֻ÷
˯ҹʱͻȻԼǵ飬Уһ·Աߵķ䡣
о
о˸˯
оļͷֺо
۾оһһ£Ȼ´ӣǣ
ʵΪʲô޵ߺͽжˣҼǵмС·ҷһ롣
ŶǼС·ȾѪգһˡоϼ·ӣʲô㺰ҾǣԹū澵ķ䣬¾Щйǡ
ˣʱһѴ·ʱ·ˡ
ΪʲôͻȻˣüͷ룬ڼĻ˵Ҫӡ
ˣõС·Ьñʰðɡ
ת˷䣬о
ƺҪѹʲôܲ˺Щȴɶ޿ײʴ˼һԭ£һԭ£
ڴϣоᣣϨȴ۾˯ȫޣвԸȥκζֻͣĺִš룬ԼɣҲͦá
һ磬»վĵ޵ſڡ
ʵ̫ˣ̫ӲԸ֪ˣϣֻԼͺ״˿ڣǵôܲôأôܶԼôݵأеˣ̫ζģȫġ
ʲôû»ֻʱõ̫ӡ
̫Ӹûȥ糯˯Ȼüͷš䡱̫ӣ»ĻͲҲزסˡ
оᣴæ߹˵ӣ»ſںŵġ
йس׵һУʶҪ㿪˵ʲôҪתͺãҲ
»˵лҪ̫
һüͷҧһ۳»ķ򣬵ó»л
»оȥ
̫ӵΣʡ
»̧ͷ㲵̫ǻŭϨһ룬Լӱƽ
˺ܶѪǿĲ̫ҽһ϶û˯ȣˣ˯̤ʵһЩ
ǾսˣСӦòڻ£úչžǡ
̫ūһ仰
俴˿ŭĳ»ǰһˮ»ȿˮ˵
»Ÿҹ裬Ȼ׹Լʲôݣ̫ˣʲô˵ʲô˵Ҫˮѡ
Щò˵أ֣صĿͷ̫°ɣ̫ȷʵģūſĲ̡
İٻָʹ˺̵˲ΣЩĽж̫ⰲŵģ֪̫ܾ̫ҹ̫뷿һҹΪ˿һۣ͸ˣƺ̫ӼֱԼˣԲȣ̫ҽˡ
̫ӵģ̫ôµȥִ˵¡
ԭĪõİٻ̵˲λЩжǳΪ˵ûһ㴥ǲܵģЩʲôأǶʲô鶼ûص´ʱ
ֻܣԽ˽жںԼԽԶΡ
磬˵Ȩɣʹ졣
ĲŻӲΪЩԼȴԽԽǸԭԽԽǿҡ
»ˣ˲Ϊ
ô»һʱе£ʱ޵ֻˣ̫Ǿǡ
Цһ£²˵Ҫ𣿳»㻹Ͽȥź򡣡
»һһ£Ȼͷ絷⣬ããūȥ
Ǳҹһů᲻ö˲̣ʲôʸȥԭء

62 


ĵߵСͤ, 䴩ɴ˿ƽȹ٣ĵš
ƺһǰδеƽʱ粻, ͤ, Źһ
ȵɫ, īɫۿ
һ̤ĵɵķ˲, վԺ, ͤе˶֪ۻǿɬζҲ
һͷ, վ, һЦݡ
Цݿڳ, ȴѹ޷֪İǿװ¡
˵ףԼں, ͱһŻǿԼ΢Цİ, һҲ, ʼԼ
߹ȥõȵ˶ӵ뻳УԣҺ㡣
ǸƤЦİ䣬ҲǸԼİ䣬ǸҪԼİ䣬ҲǸԼ䵭İ, Ǹʬİ䣬ҲǿջЦİ䡣
ǸԼƤЦİ䶪ˣ֪һ
Σ
޴󰭡
Ļѳ£һ𻨾Ƶݹȥ£
˿ûκϲ
׽ӹűоƣͬһʯ֪ԼˣѾܺá
ζǸζƵȴǵǸĵŮˡ
ӻһƬҶ䣬쵽ˣ·ϣժƬҶó»ùһ֧ѣǺһ˼Σ
ùҶϸϸĦһ£ʧЦ˼ǵˡ
һ£û˵
˼˵ôĴڣǰҹҹվ޵Ϊ±ĹڶյѩҶѺĬհڿԼĿʼ
ǣ˵ˡ
絶
е޴룬Цһ£üͷһӣֿ䣬ôܣأ
񣬼ǲˡ
˵ƮƮģȴص˳׵ϡ
ѣ֪˵ۿƺʲôԼ֣վͤȥ
ͤӣںߣһϡ
֪ΰˣ֮ƺһ蹵εصôŬ޷ȥ
ͷһ۰䣬һ»صСͤС
һס֡
Ҽǵãҽòã
ͫЩɢƺûڿȴƺ
ҡҡͷˡ
еѣֵһһһ
ͻȻһζƱʱ䵲סˡ
ˣ˶ơ
ԻĿ䣬ʵڲˣԭԼ˻ûԭԼ
ʵҲף֣ÿйҸõ·ʱǸԭµ˳ǣп˵ԼʱǸԭµѹǸԭµ
úãģҲôࡣ׷¾ƱϵĹ𻨸һڡ
䣬Ĺ𻨸⻹ôóԡ
ǳǳһЦ磬ÿ춼һЩоȥ
ĵоȥԸ𻨸⣬𻨾ƣֲԸ
ǿҲΨһˡ
á
˵ྴٱƽʵѾǧٿ׵š
ȥĲʽģоͳ»һۣ˸ûôá
˳Ϧҹʱ̻˵䣬㻹벻뿴̻𣿡
ͷǿգε·ˣֻ뿴ǡĸ˵ϵһǾȥһˣǶϿأ̻ҾͿˡ
Ӧúĸ׼˰ɣǿ϶Ͽأ
̽˵һϣҸ
ͻȻͷǶҡ
׽Ҫ˵ĻͻȻҭ˻ȥ˵ĸΪҵĳΪҵӦҡ
ģûһĸ׻Լĺӣ磬ҪҲǺҡ
ԻŵˣӦûİ𣿡䵭ѹ֡
ңҲӦİãûһֱңԹԼҪһԹҶԣǧԹԼ
ﻰ蹵޷ԽŰɣ䵭ֻҪһֱ߾͹ˡ
£ˡܶ࣬ʲôʱ
Ǵϣͺ˵ʲôʱҲţȲҲӭûΣҲûȷľܾ
ֻǣ̫ӣ̫ѡ
ĵһṳ̂ĵȥ褵ģֻҪһ뵽һһľЦòͳԺУֻա
֪͸磬褺Ӣöܺþ͹ˡ
˳ŵÿնһС̹𻨸оȥоͳ»Ҳϰˡÿ춼һ̹𻨸⣬һ̹𻨸ҲΪ˳׵ΣıһڣҺܺá
ĩһգûյĵĹ𻨸⡣
»Щģȳ׷Ըʱ־͵ĵѯʡ
оȥĹ𻨽ѾˣҪȵգԺеĹ˹𻨲
ǸɣɳţȴѹӦԣ˺ôһ顣
£жôжٴߵĵſڣȴǰ˺ſڶͣһᣬ֪İ棬ڱ𴦣ҲһЩ
һһιӭ˳ģݽϷ羰ˣ̨ϣԶɴ縡̨ϡ
бһŻգҸ׵鷿ƵһڣǴӱشϢԭھ˼вûо˼ʺҸ׶෽㣬Сӹõǲֻʧ˳裬ǷЩ
ѻ˸ƣǰ׿˵˴£ǳŵȱ¼ݱҳ¾ɽ֮ʣӶػλÿʳǧƥ޲бǣҸ׺ͻʺҲǴӦˡ
ЩżѾҸˡҺ֮ĽףӦò٣̫Ҫ͵Լ취
һݣȹ٣ͼı֮ǼȻˣͱҲ
̫ӣ˵Ӧĺòãͷơ
ʹҪʲô˵ʲôҪȻ˵ҪҪʲôֻҪܸģʱ㡣֣ضԡ
Ҫ㵱þֻ֪ʱ䣬̫ɾЩңҪȰ㣬Ϊء
ûأ񣬱صİյ಻ԣӵɽʱӣصĹԱҲ˵ʲôֻҪ̫ӿڣҾͽ취ݸѦͻ߱
ѦŪʬֵѦѦ֧ңȴ˳ˣϢҵ治֪͵˭ˡ
˼ţܾò˵Ҳеĵš
֪˶ã׵ɼҰɡ

63 


˵λӶƷ, ȴǿƷΣвʵȨֻǿű¶Ȼʺĸάţ֪вס
βףҲս, Ϊɳº, ˾˵ˣ, Ѧ֮˶ֻ棬Ѧ, Ѧȫ, ͶҲֻΪѦڶȻŶɽˣԲȷõϢ, ȥ游, ǽ˺ͻʺʲô԰䲻Ľס, ҲٰκһǣΣˡ
Ѳ⣬⣬ǣǸʲôҼȻѡ֧, Ϊ, ڵ֮еΣǱȻġֻΪһ, ηηβΪĲΪ
ҡҡͷֵܶأĲݣֻǶ̫˺ݲĶѡ̫ӣǸ, αؿôأǲ̫СĽˣҿҪѦңҺҶȥϢǱǲö˵㰲žͺáߵõϢװ֪ˣͬ飬ԼŰɡ
ɫҲˣ¸ǡ
ûӦҲû֪˵ȨͽԼɡ
ڶգ͵¡ϲȴѰȻѸ١
飬ֻ౱һ£ǰȥ̸뱱ң취õͨѹ֤ݡ
˵һ壬ȥδ֪뻢Ѩɵûӣ²˵ֻΪ
Ҫ֮ܰص֤ݣǰɱԼˣҪɵıɱڱ˵ǸΪ˻λԼֵܵľҪ֤ݰǰ˶޻˵
ȥ巵£ǡʰĵڣʵЦ˵ףãǡһ£⡣
׺һۣ֪ǽʵ˵ĵĻó׾һ
ոˣ˵ȷȻͬһ£̫ӣⱱұذգӦôѽ
ˣ˵ģΪû飿ʣԻʵ۵ʻȰʷ£õĻ˵˳
ǰȥ̸ʷģԷ֪һӵͼı죬Ӫǰȥ̸
ʵȴĬƬ̣ҰĹǰȥɣ̫ɲȥ
ʣȥȷЩ˽ġ֪ܲڱعĺòãȥߣһؽ糣ѩʮأҲȥ
ʵЦ㵹ˣļѩĵؽ絽Ǵš
С˵⴫Ż̫ԣ䳣Ҫȥ֪˴ζܷ̫һͬǰ
ϻʵЦ֪ΪҶɾ飬зգ̫Ҳ䵭ףⲢȥ̸֮˿İɡ
׸æأԺ̸ΪҪ塣
ʵЦĸɣⱾҲʲô£Űգȴκ̸һЩʳҶƥ֮Ļȡ߽հҲˣȻ˶࣬Ǿʹ̫ȥɡ
лʡ
ʵǰȿٿףӴǰˣΰ̫ˣ޿ӱѽ
һҲЦ
ûиŻõˣʱеΣҲЦЦ
巵˸ʹҴҸϵ
ѵڻƺǫ
׽񣬡̫ӵ¡
ף˵˲٣ȻûҵҼ·Ҫߡ
ϳŰԵ¶е±
ģ̫ûĻãм£ǰ֪
񣬡£мϳҲҪ֪ճյһţйӹᱱһ£ϳȥ巵ֻ˵˱Űգֻδᡣ
ֻŵϳУ̫ӶϳĿɣ֪ϳûͨ
Ȼֻ˳þƣȴ֪һġ絽ǰĸ첲˵ǿŲң᲻ãΪѣĺܺãȷҪȥңǰҲǸ֪µġ
ǫæ˵ʧһ£ȷʵȫֵ£ҲԼƺֻǲ֪Ϊûˣڵ۶˭˲֪̫ӵ¶ó谮мӣˡ
Ѧ㣬¦ϫ¿ã̫һ㲵ĳʹ̫³󲻼׷˹¼ֱΪ˵۶˷̸ʡ
͸˵̫ҽԺϢ̫ӼΪ̫Ʋ߲ݣνǹı谮
׿Цԭȫµ˶֪ԼһƬģֻǸ˲Ҫ
ӣȻԼ԰䲻ٳ谮˭֪ʧȥ
ȥɢɢģģðյġʵڲİһڶ
˻һǫдӺ֣Ҿùˣϳοһµ²ٽ黳һ찢Ҳͻġ
仰׸м
ƣ˴εǰȥưɡ
֪ǲİİΣҲƣΣգ϶ǵһȥˡ
صʱ컹δǡʱ䣬׽鲻ֱֱĵ»ԵС̫ʹ˸ɫС̫Ͽȥĵš
Ū̵Ϣһ¡жˣײĵҲһֱˣҲʧΪһ¡
ͻĪڴһڴֻΡ
ò˼ȴ
ʱҲʣȻûмʬ壬ǲǿԵ绹ţ߶ҲˣڵҸţֻԼδѡ
ѦѾˣǲǾͿԭˡ
ȴðమͷƺڶϵҸ᲻ף޷Դ
Ѿˣ̫ͻȻҪæĵСÿﶼǸ˵ģҲ뿴ӺԴ
м¶ûеǰԺӭӣԾỤ̄Ѿû·
ֹ˹ǵ밲׻޵Ķ棬һöӣϡ
˷ţǾҪˡ
޷ӴûҪͰһߵ͡
죬֪նǷʲô˵£۾Ǹԭµѹȥʵڲɨˡ
аӣԲӮλá
һöӣ˸׵λá
ˣΥ¶Ц⣬£˶˶ģϵӾͶû塣
סŰӵ֣һöӷϣ䣬Ӯˡ
̧ͷӭ˫
ֻҪԸ⣬Ҿһӡ

64 


ƽ̫õ, һͻȻ֣ʼʰ̡
䣬Ҫȥ̸, ܿߡ
ʰ̵ͻȻͣ, һ·
ȥ𣿡״Ļ, š
䲻˵ֻʰ, һöӷ¦, ̧Цһ·˳硣
оʱĽ£, ѱ, ڷûСͤУ
ů, ϲСͤš
ɡ׵ʶҪΧĿռ䣬ʱ, ̫Ļû˵
˲, ׵Ƕȥ, ûзԸҪ
оˣе㵣̫ӻǿԼЩʲô
»קקо½ǣ˳ȥ
ѵ˻ص´ʱ𣿡
о˵ֻǵǵĿŷڡ»οİɣ½̫ıԼأ˺ԼҲԲ˺̫ġ
ڶĳ, ȥɣ۶ȣűҴʱȻˬһؽļѩȥơ
һڳУҶˣ£Űɡ
׽ŽУ˵ۻһȥӢÿ϶Ҳһȥһ·ǿ鲻ķƵġ
ܹ֣䲻˵Թ˵ĳŷ
ðɣ䣬ʵʵ˵ҲĽһٷϴα飬ԶڱһزָΣȫˣҲһĽȴôԶ
ſӵֶһ¡ȷʵģ˵ĶʯͷģôЩѾܵˡ
֪ʱƣΪѦѱʹѾûôˡ˵ԭǰһһ뾡취
ʵʱܰõġ
˿ӣ˵ͷá
뻹ʲô취˵ĳͻȻ֣ǲŵͣȻȻͳ˵һ˫ֲ֪Ҫ»
¡
ߺ䣬¾̫·жʹҲҪ׼סˣȥ̫ҽԺЩҩģԱʱֻ裬У֪Ǳߵʳ̫ԲԵϰߣ׼һЩʳġ
»һ֪ˣ˵ǡ
ųੲݵ˵ţƽ̫ͬǲԾľ
£ûôģ׾ͺá
仰˵׼ֱ˵ҪĿ䣬ǶԼ˵ˣǹ򲻸
ЩЩЦȥסֻתԸ»׼װ⼸գĵ̫ȥɡ
»ҲˣЦȥ
䣬лл㡣֣ܴӦ̫ˡ
ǰ˵ӣΥķзԭʱʹɡ
Լˣֻǽ
ţֹû˵¡
ڴϣ˼ǧ֪е޷ݣʱҲزȥʧٵ죬ûڴû뿪
ʵһֱûں޳ףںԼΪʲôˣûܱķ뵽壬;Լûʸů
˯⽥ŨƤ
Сá
ۣѰȥվڴߣһѩЦš
´˹ȥָӣ磬Һ㣬ڻˡ
СãҺܵ㡣ͷˣΪңһŶ
ңҲã˵ΪûˣûԴʦ˵Ļ磬ڵǲǺࣿ
࣬ǿô࣬Һѹ䣬˵ҴûԹ㣬Ҳûй̫ӵ£ֻϣҸΪңĲҸһĵġ
ֻһᣬḧıСãҰɣҲԸⱻţϣҵʱǸڻɽһĶ磬ѪģҡСãߵİһɡ
ߣ磬ߣֻǵͬЩõ£һҸߣˡ
ᣬޣǶûдùȥͷڵԼúϧǰˣҪΪڶõˣҸˡ
קȴһҲץסȴһ˾룬Ӱʧ˺ҹС
磡
Ȼֻۣ˿յķ䣬ԭˡղվĴλã᲻ͣЩÿÿֶǵôĶûֻϣҸ
˺һ̽裬ȻʹȴʱѪܣ˰ȻڣȴҲվΪ˾ˣ룬ֻҪӦòôˡ
ӦҲȲĶˡ
᲻ͣҪе˼߲Űݡ
š硱ǰҪץסһЩĺۼȴվһˡ
һϮɫĳۣϵ¡
ǳס
վˣǲʱվĴ£ůǶָ֪˾жģںԼ
ֻ״ͲóһƬҶĦţϸķŻУվһųصĲתȥ
뿪Ŷ뿪ıӰֻͷһ۴ղųֵĵطŵһˡ
֪ѾʲôȻ˱仯
ƽ˺ܶ࣬»صϣ۾룬콫᲻ͬˡ
ڶһ𴲣װþûˣӦûȥˡ
Ӧ֪һס
߳ĵŵδĺ÷ƺԴʱҲû߳ĵˣѾģü¹ȥˣǡ
ʱΪԼˣʹ۾ȷԼûп󣬷ɲܹ
̫̫ӻδ³
䵭Ц޷ҵһᡣ
ӭķһվţ紵ȹǷ˿𣬳ҫϣůȡһ˳һҪ峿ʵϢС
ԶԶһ˽۵ס
ͣһ½ŲȻԽԽ죬ɱվǰ
䣬ô
丣񣬡£ɷ׼
ãá»ȥ׼һЩҪ̫˫ַļ򣬡ȾȻȿȲ衣
Լظ²㡣
һ£ܿ˵ã˵ξΡ
ظûǰ֪ȴʹ綼ڡ
ͨϵǰԺδŮҭƣȴԾ˵һ仰
ǫͷվԱҲǺۿ֪˵Щʲô˵˻ҷ˺ЩӤ·ЬñٹҪүүˡ
ֿһԵǫͷ褣磬Ҫˣ褣ˡ
ѽСãǱվˣ褻۵ġ
٩磬ǳɩ˵žǰȥ
Բϣ˶Ա̸ܿйκ飬ΧҪӤ˵ͣЦﲻϣüûֵ
ĺܸл褣δĺӸǴϣ
һٷʱ˵ɩеģվͽ̣̫ͬӵȥңɽ·Զһȥ࣬򣬿¾ͿСˡ
Ϊ֪ĳŮ´Ϊʱ˿˽һЩܻòôأЩͲʱˡ
££˵ĹػͻȻǼʹҩ
ȥҵĳܴӶ̣ʻʮ˱صĸʯ

65 


ʯ²ȶ, ɺ磬ҹ²󡣶䣬ļˬʡİգ뺮ɺΪ, Ըˬ, 뺷
һ·лʼҵ, ûκεˣƽ˳쵽ʯʱ, Ѻͺ̸ʵӪפ⼸Ľ⡣
ո·, ټܺ󱾾һԵļţǲΪԼӰ˴󲿶ӵн
׿Ӫһפ, ͽӪ, չˮо, ȥʯ߿ɢɢġ
һɲˣҲҪȥ, ⼸·, Ҷˡ
ʮû¶ע, İɡ׸һۡ
磬⻰ɾ˵ĲˣģİȱʲôʲôϡĺöȥҺø׬ܶӡ
˻˵ĵǲ, ǰΪɳĻ̣ľͷԳ׻ʮֿ϶ġ
Уɱ£
һӢõĸ첲Ҽӱңʲô
ӢһѽƿһʲôˣԼҴҿɲΪ㣬㰢ġ
һ·ǶĲƴڻžӲôѰ
ˣټ϶ʧԾǰˣʮÿɢˡ
Ӣһ絽ߣԶһ㣬Ҫͬһߡ
ۿһ۳ףӢ˵⡭̫ûˣǰɱ硣
׿ϲ߰ɣҼҾƹݣһĲʽ
ԸԼѾ֪ˡ
һʯ򣬾ӭ˰ǹע۹⣬Ȳ˵˵ŶϺõĳУ͵˵ݣλʵӺһλòɵŮӣŲˡ
üͷڳĺҵ⣬˷ɫձƫڴֲڣڽϵӴ׳˶ŮҲΪʵ̬֬ӯŮӡ
ֻܶ˶ͣ˽Ų߸
Ӣսĳƺʱ׼Žˡ
СۣӢðЩȴŰ任װ硣˵ųһҲ÷ꡣ
ȺһӸӿ˲÷ſڡ۵ſڣСүӣӮСүӡ
˵žʹŲԶСƹȥ
е棬׬ǮȺһӶ˹ȥ
Щ˲ߣһŮӴǰʵ֪ɾγƺл䣿
ӢеЦãȼǵ֮ǰֱѯʹѲۺԼúÿˣΪ͵·
սȭӦл䡣
ͻȻһСӴǸС𣿡
Щ˿ǣĸʲôˣҲ̫ˬЩ
λû𣿶ɢ˰ɣǶл䡣
Ⱥ̾ϢŽɢȥˡ
ӢæͷǰС̯˸ñסݡ
׺һ߽÷̣ϰ۾ֱˣһ۾ͿϴĳУͨ˼ңǴûôµ˶أҲϽ÷̣Щæ˵ɾСǴϱİɣֿһԵĳף·ûһܱȵϵ֪ɾСǺ⣿
ȷʵѽĲƥûһƥܱȵ
ò˵ϰǫˣѡһʺҷ˵ȹȻһۼɡ
ϰҲǾˣæ˳СôˣСҲֻһˡ
̫ˣ̫ˣһɫ鲼廨ȹɡһʽĳۣˡ˵žʹӻóһӣѡƵãŮȹҪЩȡ
̫ˣ¾ôЩ·ȴﴩõģܲʱ˹ȥжҲ̫ˡ
ϰｫݸףλ뵽ݻ·ɡ
һƿһתʵϰôһ䣿
⻰˵ģһ任·ĸ͹ˣطСղô෿䡣ϰ䣬ֿףͻȻЦֱŤ£ҪǾò㣬һһȥͺãôƯӣ棬ҿɲܱ֤һ᲻ɾŶ
һ뵽ղŴЩ˵־ͽ˷䣬һӰŸˡ
ϰ￴һĻЦ
һţ׿·ѾòܣҪ½ȷʵе㲻֪롣
ת·ݸ䣬䣬Ȼ
ӹ·ĬĬĻ·
·OO@@׶УЩڸվŵİˣȴ˿ԽЩĥˡ
£һˡ
ת鲼ȹЦˣҵ̫ôʲôôÿһȥҪɴˡ
ҲЦЦزĵؽ磬Գײ˲Ծһ·Ļ飬ÿҲԼϲãκβסԣԼǰδеĹɡ
䣬Եһᡣ
Ҳתȥ
ԭٻĳ׼ĳһͷԼ£Ѿãٱʯе㲻һôϵ
ðϵϣֻú䡣
תΪǻĳףײеȴշ죬󳨣ĳס
ֻǰ˿Ͱ͵˵䣬ôá
ʧЦµţҲᴩ
߹ȥʼ˳׵
ָȵƤ״˸
俴µ´ĩ˴˽ᣬѾɿˣ´ȴ̵Ľⲻ
ƺǸᣬеѽ⿪£δµģô´ĩβأҲⲻҲá
һֱش˵ʱ򣬺Ĳ䣬ֱڿ
һֱעŽϵûע⵽׵ֻã׵ƺе㽩Ӳ
ϵڽ⿪ˣͷҲ˺£ִ£˿˾롣
׿ǰˣûͷûԵһ䣬䣬а취ĥҡ
£⡭ΪղűֵĺܺãܹɣҲѶ͵Ļϣźͳ¿ʼϸϸ룬һ·û䵭£Ҳû˵ֵĻôĥˣ
ѹֵ̫ã΢òһ£Щܲסˣڲ࣬նӵ뻳УնڿƣŻ¶Լųİ䡣
һͿ˹ɤ˵̫ԣҲǻĥ˵ġ
ʶ˰벽ȴǿǽϣ۾ǰһ˫̶ԼϧʹҲΡ
˫գ˸ȴڼʱ򣬵סĶͷٶ
ٵĺƽƺһ̾Ϣһ£תͷȥ˵£Ǹˡ

66 


Ŀϵ, ΢ʲôطһ£Ժǣ, һԵķ, ˳ȥ
һͿӢúվڲ÷
ϰ˵ڻ·, ȥʱҲ̫Щɡӣ˶۶ĲԶ, , ɷŶǰӻ˵ġ
ײ˵ϰҲѡ˼Ѱյ·Ͽ컻ϰ, ֿһӢñ, ñģҲҪһ 
ûӢ˵, ϰæ˵ñλӣɴ
óһɫ˿ߵɴ׽ӹ, ϡմϾҡҡͷ, , ˫۾ԽԵ峺ˡ
ɴȡ»ϰñɡ׼õ·Щʱȡ
˵Ҫ÷꣬ϰͻȻ˵λǽոյɣ϶Ҫסɡ
ͣ½Ųȷ, õĿջһң⼸ո·ÿλ͵ĶڽӪֻҪ븽ӴׯԶ׶סջǽޣΪ˯һЩ
ֵм䣬ϲջǸʯõĿջˡ
Ҿл
˶ľ·ӢúҲñȻפ㣬ٲӰжˡ
ŶӢþͽһҾ¥̧ͷһ۾¥Ƚϴ㣬˺ܶ࣬Ӧζ
˸ӣĸСǰʵλ͹٣Եʲô
õĶ۴ӻóһӷϣкòһ
Сӣ͹ԵȣСȥ׼
ջӣһ˵̸˳׵ע⡣
ѽǱҵϲ췴ڲˣҼţǣˣôء
ϲӮˣǲǱҾҪˣ
˭һöˣǴɳռá
ֻһûԴɵѽҲҵĹ˵ռҪ̵ģһ̣ǵӾ͸ˣ˵ȥξҪսɳ
ޣǲ̵ĺãȻҲҲӦԣ̾ûˣ
㻹˵֮ǰãԴǸʲôĻ˾˼ôҵᵹƵЩ
˭֪ͨϰնǺˡ

Щ׵ĶУɫļС
Ա㣬׵ۣҹӪؿأҪƺȥ졣
Ļصʲô´ˣ
㻹˽ңȥջӢúͰϢٻȥ
ϲջȳҪܶ࣬ȴЩ壬Ѷ¥᷿ƹ׼Ϻõĸˮͺ뿪ˡ
»ŽŵӪ·ڣ뿪ʱûҲûӣͦĵģƽԼӴ̫סջʹţ϶ҲҪС̫ģ̫ЩǷƽź򲻹ߵ˶ҪЩҪû˸£̫ӵ¿ֻܺ¶˯ˡ
߶ţͼŴֲ߽Ӫأϸһƣѽⲻǵºɾ
⡭ϵ·ô£
»ȥȵʵ£·
Ŷ»ȥʯ򿿽ŵĵһҲ÷ȥȡ·Ҫָʹ顣
ǡ
ǰֺס˳»оˮҪûУҸ澸һȥȡ·ֱӵϲջź̫Щջ
»ߺ۱죬ǵ̫ӵ£ղŵܹܵģҿѽɴ̫ĴָСˣ㴧ڻźã
һۣߣ顣
ȷղЩԣҹңź̸ҪĿҲǺ̸
켸ȥ̽һ±ҹʵ
ָʹйشɾӵĺͱʾ
ۣ㲻ȴӺ̸ѡõĲϺͲҶװ䣬ٸΰ졣
ʵǣ磬㾿ʲô
׵̸ϢӦѾˣֻڻǺ̸ʱٸǣǺ벻һȻҲûҪ˵ˡ
ˣȥ°ɣҪȻؿջˡתӪʡ
ҡҡͷ𼱻ˣƺ̫ͻһ
۾һ˵ɾˣ̫̫ͻ˲Ŷԡ
ţţѽ˵Ķԣ԰ɣָʹ
ƿЦһ£λ˵Ķԣţȳȥˡ
ҲҾҲȥѡˡ
Ӫ̾簡磬㵹ȥˣĵıĹѽ
׵ջʱɫѾտջĵͼм˹ģһӾ;
ƵЩ󣬶һŴ¡
ϰĻ𣿡
ôţһ׼ˡ
˵ӣҸ͵͵С¥Էʱȥ﷭ˣûС
ǻôˣ
ҿҪˣϲս³Խɹ̸Ҫð򽫾֪Ǹ£Բ˶ѽ
򽫾Լǰʱ仹ʱʯᡣ
Ҿõ죬ǿҪڸʯܾõģ˵ֵǮĶˣ֮ǰҲеȻ𣿡

ײɫĻ˿ջٿʱŷȷʵЩŹ֣ƹ͵Сȸʯİհ׾һЩ˵ҲǱصˣջ壬ɵȴЩ
ǸڵˣղЩ˵˼ҹǲ㶯ֵġ
ԷЩģķҪߵţȴǡϨͣڰС
ջ֣̾ţֱվһĹתƿţȴջԼ᷿
𣬳״Ӵ»æʵ½Ҫʲôۣ
׿۰һϵ·ڲ÷鲼ûʲôġ
мǸīɫİɡ
վǰȻ쿪첲ó»£ȴ·մϳ¶֮ͻȻ˰ڲ÷ڸԼʱ龰
˸첲ʵ̫𣿡
»ͣ˸µĶˣӦϴ
˵꣬ͼͷ󳨣᷿ǰһƿš
ʱŮ÷٣һſһסˡ
˿ҵվſڡ
Ůˣһ˫۾֪򣬳»һѽק˳˷š
£ǡ䲻ԡ
ﲻǻʹûôĹأСԼ˵ĳףղ֪ôˣסһС˲ϵĴ̼񾭣ֻ׿ԼݣԼ¡
Ŵ䣬££ϵɷΪΪ

67 ļ


, ȡ⣬»ǡе㲻ףƽع˵ˣôտЩͬ, ƺ͸һЩΪĶ, , ⸱ӡ
Ӱֵؼҵķ˿, е´ҹҹʱ峿
, ȡ˫̺ˣⶼ뵽ȥˣԾһ¿ˮ˹, İ½, һߵ½Ϲ, ȴȵƤʱֶ
Ũҹǵ˶, Щš
ͨյûôི, ܿ׸¡
ֻʱ, ȴͻȻץס
գҷԼ˲
ͷ۾æʵʲô
䵣Լģļ¡
һѿڶ, ǿ̸Щ̻ع̫ҽúΣ֪ģСӾⲡʵҲûʲôǲ׶ŭҲܳٵġ
ȴҡҡͷļ·Ǳļ¡
䲻Ŀ׽ĶԼλãǲǺܿ죬ⲡһֱУԴʹûù
ˣĽȻѾӰ˳ദʼղƴǰǰȻ
һ·ʼնԼСӣԼҲʼղΪһ֮֮ϵĴԼȷʵѾ๻ˡ
ĲʯͷģĴԼˣԼϵˣ˿ûжǲܵġ
̧첲ס˳׵ǰ˲䣬ϸ˵ⲡԸΡ
һʱ㶣ͻȻס˫磬䣬˵ʲô
һЦ˵ⲡΡ
һʱ˵һѽڻС
˿жôˣзһֲ̻Ϩ̻ϵ𻨣Īóͷԡ
䣬һܵκ˺
仰˵ʱڱд𾭣ˣɽʧ١
̻ͻȻˣȡ֮ǺԼԲʵֵ
֪Ĳãһ㶼ãеʱҲɻΪôŬı⣬ȴջܵ˺
䲻˵ڣ£Ϊɡ
ͭǰӣһһµͷ˵ķ˿ֺ˳ǱŮӵĻ˳е˿ʼղ뿪ߡ
纺÷٣÷ڣ׻ͷ䣬ҪӪҲϻزĴһߣһҪӢãУñ
ͷһǣȺ̸ˣҾʹȥǴļǱѩĵط
ͷ
뵽ЩˣӦòᶯ֣ץʱ佫鰲źã˳Խƾͼơ
˵죬ųˡ
£ңϹѾ½ϲϹСĵܵܣֵǿ׳ϲҲĴǿģȻλֻ˵Ҫ̸ϲͣս죬Ϊ˵ǵʡ
üĸңǸߵλöǲġ
ͣһ£֣˵ϸ˵ǲ֪ǰ̸ǻӣֻΪӪĽƽҵλȥǺ̸Һۼٰɳ̺Ͳסϲջ
ϲջǸڵ꣬רŸҵṩϢǻǰ٣ʱ۽׼õĳзڿջԺǽߡ
Ͳ˰ɣΪѡƥҪ͸һҵء
ۣѵĺѽѡһЩϺõĴ裬ʱǾ͡͡һҡ룬ﶪˣǲҪңֻͨϵù˵ȴǻᣬȵǽ߻˸ں棬ǰѻδ֪ӵ°򽫾ˣһһΪȼ취ӡ
֮أ磬㲻Ҫܺ𣿡
ܺȻҪãԺ̸ʹߵݻӵȻǲܵģǾҪԲ棬ȥΡ
ˣ˵ƽѣ
ָʹ֪ġϲᣬ䡢Ϊ˽թҰļ˱ҹر߾ᱻʱսƵİձض಻ԡ
ȴϲݣֻҪгкǣͲϲ
ۡ͡һ˵ϲôӶĴ򡣡
׽ͣΪүͷҹ꺮䣬ʳĻĵغܶ࣬ǵʳţΪǵҪʽ
֣Ȼ̫ӾǲһҾͰձ˵İ죬˵ĵˡ
ʵ̫ӣʲôʱǰȥ̸
ԭز˸ţ˵ܶˮ·;Ǽӣǰʱǳһ˫ɣȡӵΡ
Ҿ񣬡̫ܵĩ
ˣȥѡɻƣȥ׼һ£ھȥϲջƣо𣿡
Ѿûʲôˡ
Ǿͺãоչ˰䣬ҷһЩߵʱоϡͻȻЦ˵ڿʼǶƺΪ£հףᣬǶҰɾ
Ȼɾ
һһϺõĳкʹ裬ȷʵҡУȻһӾע⣬ϲջʱƹһ龰۾ֱˡ
ɾԭ̼ѽ֪ģ
׿˵Ҷģλҵıܣǳ⣬ǽ˵Ҳһҡ
ǺãǺãɾǿ롣˵ž¥
ùţ׵ҹ²̫ƽҶСġ
һץסӢõֱۣӢã书ô϶Ǵ򲻹ǵģҪѽ
ӢõҪ䣬ڴˣ书Ҳ£㼴ɡ
æҪ̫Ӻ̫ģɾŮԱΪˡ
ҡֱۣ̫ĲõģбڣѵͲδķ𣿡
Ӣõһۣҹ˯£ȥæߵߵĸ
׷Ը˽⣬ӵӦǲɱ˵ģǵĿڻұס񣬱˸ˡ
ǡ
ȥɡ
¡
˵оź̫ЩЪϢɣǲصģһҹġ
仹Щģ¡
䣬Ӧûҷ
俴վſڵĳףẰһƻ𣿡
İɣڣеһж˳ǰһĶͷһǣΡ

68 


һεֻһ, ׽о˰Ϣ㣬Լڸڵķ䣬ϸĶ
쵽賿ʱ򣬺, ˵Щ˹ȻŻһӪ, ʶӦǱҵľ, ء
ʱ֣Ҳˡ׵֪⴦פȷӵľ, ĵ°졣
ʰװ, ȥ򡣡˵
ߺ˳»оȥ˼ӵķΡ
ùţ, 뿪ϲջ
ƹ, ЩôܶôصĻһҲżأƺЩﱾûдڹһ, ƽ̼Ƕ˻ڶճµջðѾӦԵ˵, Щȴûһˡ
·ֻг׺䡣
еڽˡȡñ
Ŵ۾ԡ
һᵽ˱ҵӪ, , ǧȡñ˶עⲻ㡣
ʧЦ£Դ˱ҵĴֺñûȡñ˿ȥѽ
ίĵͷ, ҵȻ˿㣬˶˷Ƿ֮»ƲסԼȭͷ
¶ˣֻͨŮӡǶˣǰ鸮׵ɾָӶ˵ԼݹѵôãôǸʽ
֪ǰЩ׵˻ûߵſڣó׵˻ȥ
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ñҲȡġ
ܿ쵽˱ӪؿڣǰȥӪſڵʿŲǽ
䣬ϴţȥ
£СġѾǱҾڣ仹Щĵġ
䣬ˣҪҷ
俴һԼһװ
ǣǺңšɡô˵ţֵֹܾģƺԼ˺ܴĿǱȴĶˡ
Ӫſڣ񣬡ɾǲǵĻ
״ӻóһŵݸʿǵǱҰ򽫾
ǡ
ѣ㽫ͽȥɡ
ʿԥһ£Ҳҵ˽ȥ
Сʵ£ʲôʱͱҵ˽
ûС
ǡ⣿
ֻǵЦȻʿ󣬴Ӫţӭ˽ȥ
ʿӵоͳ»м˴⡣
׼һ߽ʣͼλһߴӣװν϶ıҷΣƤŽСɫǽվЦ˭дģ
ǰһд
ĺֵܣ½Ե㲻һʱȴܳáþʱֵȴ޾
꿴ų׵ҳֵܣƾʲô
żˣӽǼ򵥵ķΣϵȴʮֲ䣬Ϊ׵Ǹ岻Ʒ⼸Ϊ߷Ӷ˲Ƹ
ˣһ˸Ϊ׵ųӦǱ֮ˣһɢʲôݡ
˼ǣ˶ñһȻɳ˵Ĵ磬һվΪ˵ԡ
ңֻҲЩ͵ģԣҪģϣܺͱһ⡣ֱ۾
һݣԭҴģˣ
ͻȻӪܶˣӢðν
ȴŲæЩｫˣϲϲ
һ㶣ôһѣкþûȥˣȻ֮ǰҲǸ̫֣ŭɹѷʱʱʱȥӣȥģҲȥġ
˵ˣɹĺ̸ѺҪӣ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲Ҫȥű߾ա
ǵĻʲôʱģ
һ֪򽫾֪£΢Щգ˾͸ðˡ
ҹ
Ĵ󺰵ȥҲ˭ôĵӣȻ
תͷףЩѹȥ
Ӣһӳͱʿš
˵ѵͲʿ͵ʲô𣿡װƽ۶Щƴֵ̼˵֪Ǻˣվǰɳĳ̺Ͳ̣趼ǹӦ
۾Ƭ̣˵ǵţ
ż˳Ӫʡ
ʵ磬㿴򽫾ô͵ģǸô죿
ô㵨ѽ֪Ƹȥ̸ˡ
ҡͷҲ£Ҿǵġ
ײתͷ䣬䣬ûŵɡ
קקҡҡͷֻ˵֣㡣
㣬Բ¡
ס֣ůģĸоԭôá
ûãˣλ
ȻǺöôҪǱһֻϧǺ̸ĶҪˣЩǶϾͲȱˡ
׵Ǿ͵Ⱥ̸ʵˣԿ˭ĸá
۰Ѻ̸õˣҪ˵ȣǲµġ
ڿЩԥûôÿĳУûŹôĲҶ׸ӣһϲЩ˵Ļš
ɳú⣬ȴⱱΪΣɳҸǵǮ𣿡
ЦʵȵɳҡɳͲҶ˺ܶ࣬ȱһңԸĿҲһˡ
Ŷε
Ǻһĳ͢سմ״ʡ
˭ңɳľƣǱһ֪һЩģȻسͲûС
زߣ
زߣǻʺĸҹظϵĶӡͷȻس
׼ӱʯ˼۶ǲ᲻֪ɡ
ȷʵǰʱ˵ɹ£ͼıǵĻʵ۴˹زߡλӲȣԼı֮£Ҳ֪ġ
׽˵ݵ΢͢ϵ飬Ҳ˽⣬ŴȥȴʵǽǼӣǱһ⣬ЩкͲҶ͵͸ļˡ
۾һȻ˽͵Щ̫ġȥҲ޲ɣͿЩ˾ˣʲôˣȻڱҵĵϣʲôɵĵģһһ׮£˴󹦡漴˵ˣЩ͸ӵļ񣡡
һ˰Ļе˼һ˦һ񣬡л
һӣˣǴӪʡ
ʿ˴󷽣һˣо»װɻƵĻ
龰϶˯ˣܼªŴûУֻЩݵӡ
۲ˣҳô󣬻ûĵطҹȻ˵۶Ҫúʹҡ
̸ɣΣ
ƲƲ죬Ҫ̫ˣǻ͵ˣղ
ⲻǿȼӣͿıˡ
ȵȣ磬˵Ҫͱһģɲҡ
ҵĿǼӺѣ⡣ĳɣ˿ں
磬㡭
ײݵĺ˵Щǵ̺ӣȥȡָңｫһ
ΪĻôҺ̫һޣæ˵£ҺȥӪҹɡ
Ӣһקо˵ҺоȥϢɡ
»Ҳæ˵žͺá
Σҵ캮ضȻСǺڻ̿ȡů滹ϣ˯һⲻǴлвˣֻǲ̰ɾ𱰷һ߰ɡ
¡
ļͷȥɣ̺Ӱɡ

69 


СС, ˯棬ߡ
Ҳ˵ط˲ݵˡ
Ӣоѡ˸̿ĵطǹƤҩһӢԱߴգӢðγ˵, ˾롣
տʼҶн, æһ, Щǰһҹûа˯, ܿ˯, 
žҹװӿԱ۾˶ḧͷܿˡ
û˯, ô˵, ת, ƬԤϵ˲ˡ
ͣƬ̣ͷ΢, ȫѪҺͷӿ, ۾, ѹȥĦ˫
һʼ޻Ӧ˶ı۾ڳ΢ţᵽȵǡ
ǲ˯ţͣĴʵ
Ҷֱ塣
䣬, ˺öࡣĲ
İı˺ö࣬ǰİ䣬Ƕ˵ݻüԣһζݶõʱ⣬鶯ģġʧٵأܾʲôˡ
Ȼڰ䲻ԼԼȴҲҲǸİˡ
ֻеۡҲ֪Լںܶ᲻ˣһ·ÿһסջʱ򣬳׶صɫʽ˼СⶺģȴһҲϲ
иطۣı䣬ȴЩΪ
£Щʱ䡣
һ仰ĺ֪ˣãҵ㣬㡣
§У°͵סĶͷĵ˯ɡ˵һһµĴĺ󱳡
Ϥȼǵǰܻܱ˵ΣÿѹʱͻĴԼĺ󱳣ûˡ
ǰԼ̫ˣŻҪοԼľ
۾һһĴ򣬽롣
ڶգʹǼ˳ˣһߵ˵ڶһ磬˱ҵĹǰ
󣬵ɵĺܾ£߱ɫɫĴڵԣŰɫᣣǽϻǵĵȮͼںڼĳ
ƶɵĺܴһƤλһֱӵ£ٵǽűߣƤıԵͣ˽Ų
λ߳һӣͷϴɫ𣬺ɫƵļⶥñǶ˺ܶ౦ʯϴŲɫıҷΣȻʾ˻󣬵ӲϺ幤ȷɳʹѷɫ١
Ǿǰ˵̼֣
׵ǡ
ҿˣȷƷ˵ɣҪôЩ˵ǰ棬ɱȲɳǶٺô
׵һۡˡ
۵һ۳ף񣬡ҲǸĵˣȻɳûҵһϯ֮أܳΪҹĻ̣ұ˵Ķԣ㲻棬ܸһؽ磬һɹͻ
ʰűƤһǣôõƤƵδªЩɳƤضϺõĴ멡
ߵԣһ˵Ǻòµĺ˿ȴûзĳɴɳķĹ֯󶨱ϰٱ
ȻػԼλãҶû취ˣﲻʺϲֻɹ˹ϲմɣҲùơ
ǵĹԸ⣬Щնǰѧϰ
һţɫĸһ֪£۶ʤΡ
Ϊһж˳ͻȻ˵ǿɴͷĹҪЩ﾿ǲǳǵ֣ؽ磬ȴö
һˣӵ۶ʱ̸ֻ֪ģĹʲô
⡭ҿŻȥȼչˡ
ȴüͷҪʱ䣬˵к̸ƽѣʱ̫ˣӵ˷ǣǴǺá
ӣǼлĸڱҾôֻҪԼдɡ
̱ϻϣɢ˵Уۿȷʵ͡
һʱ֮伸˽֡
֮ͻȻһͳҲѱǲ׳ɡѹɤӣһЩ
æǰǸӣһʱļˡ
ͻȻ£ʹļ˵϶壬ɳӶĻҾˡˣҪúÿǡ
ҾһλҲӣλͲˡȻС˵ȥо
İ䣬̫ܸ·
ñ׵ǲԸ⣬е벻ˣ幤ԸλǴ´࣬Ϊβ
ȴԽ˼ɵö伸ۣղ˵ҲΪϸ壬źö
ˣˡˣΪܴñժɡ
ղų׾о»һڵ⣬ȴֱӱܾʵҲͦģ뿴ñôˡ
ü⻹ôˣҪ壬Ҫò޷ˡ
֪ˣæ䣬С˵סֻṆ̀ɲʲô̫ӣСҴı
һ仰Ҫ˵ھܾĻ˻ȥ
˵¿˴ʲôĿģҴ˿ҲֻǸ̵Сܡ
ûͨԼξͲܼˣڵ۶ʱǴСܣô˱Ҿ˶üˣ
Ӣõˬ죬һӾժñѹ˵ӣñǽ˵ϰ߰ˡֻǣλɾв㣬Ӻ
ӿǰӢˬˣЦԭλɾ˿ʡٿˣȷʵòǹСϿеˣǲǱҵĹţŻǣ˿Ƕ˻䣿
۸æ˵ȷʵǶ˻䣬·ϱ˶ſǸоЩ̫á
ӽصλӶ֮ˣ
俴ҶάԼӦŮӵݱ¶Ĳ㣬Ϊ˲Ե鷳˵ǣСˣݳªһֱñӱµģϺߣھͿɴ塣
ô˵ӳĬһᣬվָǽϣܽǱеĵȮҾʹӦǡ
ǽϵĵȮͼǲĳǻƶɣʮֲףŮٵĵȮͼڣвģͱľͺܲҪݵɾͼڡ
ãùŮĲϺ߿ʼ˴塣
˶뵽Դ
˵ԸҪʱģ￴ǡ
ȴʱеۿǸͲסӵģӻӣ򽫾Ѻעɡ
ȴӢúͺǰҾ񣬡ҹ۲ãλӦɷ±Աԣ

70 


һ絽Ӣǰ, ô֪ɱɱģñȣ򽫾ˡ˵ž˴Ĵָ˿϶Ķ֡
һѲ, ɳܹǧ, ʶʶ
׸ʹɫ, սҾԾȺ±԰ɡ
ã룡
ͺĿյ, һ, Χ˺ܶˣ˺ţǿǣʱض̨, ʹǻסĵط, , ˿ûмµǶ飬ۿߺ
ҲӢǰȥۿ
ڵ, , ûߵ, ͱ߱Ůסˣɾ벻Ҫš
ͣһξ뾲䡣
Ĵǵߺ˷İγĶԱȡ
˳׵ûоȫ
Ӣ£
ȴ, ǲǿңΪҵĴ󽫾Ҫһ̵Ļܣţ
Īɳд趼ǵ㵽Ϊֹȷʵ͡˵
±ԣ
ֻӦ
óˤӣǧ֮һʱֲߵ͡
ȺͻȻ˿ˣ˺죬׼ֱһʯӡ
ӢһǰʯӴ˵дܵľǱˣУû뵽ñңȻ䲻𣡡
˵ĶסˣӢúֻվΧۿ֮͵˱Գм䣬ʯӵٶ֮죬˶Ϊ֮һ
Ӣһۣ̻ѾöԸҲ˵书ߣЩ˹Ȼ򵥣ɳҪǣΪãٺòˡ
뷨һγɣ̾ͱ̬ȡ
˭ڱЩСΪ֮£
Ⱥһ˲ΡΡվ˳
ȥ𣡡
Ӣúͺ񣬡ˣķڷ
Ӣõ˸ǱǶǰ򽫾Ķ֡
Ȼд緶ǿɷ񽻸ѣ
ֵӢǰѾˣѶ׻ۣҿˣԼϵͲҪ˵ʲô˰ɡ
Ŵ۾ۣǵõ˵ξͱѵģôˣȴҪܾ
ۿɲʲôЩֻӢõʮֲˬ
ЩΣӢҲԸ۲ˣֲǱҵĽ죬ΰʱȴŮ˳
ͼѾɡ
Ըȥӹ
˶صһʼλϣվϻԿǰͼڣһǰģһġ
˵ͼڸ󣬵Ҳ˺üյʱ䣬˵Ȯϵ·е飬Ȼһǽϳĸ
һüû뵽һ幦ȴ˵á
˵ҵλС幦ȻȲɳ幤á
ӴЦѽˣס£ǩԼ
ŮǴһ᷿˺󣬾ȥ
Ů˺һӾ˴ϣ˵᷿ɳûȣܱһ·ϵĿջũҺǿ˯þˡ
ټªҲǱһס֮ȻȿջõĶ࣬׿źʵıʹ̣Ѭ㣬ǰһȵĲӵķҲ̫ҹȴæµһҹ
ȵҹ˾ѡһ书õĻȥţ˵ǰˡ
ǡ
Ϣȥɡ
£ˣ⼸ǱҲ̫ƽ˵ҹ֣λϢǲμǵ硣
˵лӿҵСܲϲ˶࣬Ͳμˡ
˺ƣⲻң仹ǲȥΪáϣҪ°£Ƿġ
һӢãǸ¿һҪѽǱԱͶ
áӢñȭ
ߺ󣬳׸оź̫ЩЪϢ⼸նû˯ˣӱͱȥˡ
ȡñ˵ȫƾ֪ھԼǰҲΪԼ룬ͺá
ܿͺ˱ϡ
û߽ԶԶ˻⣬ߺǸϵʱ׳ڱˤӡ
Ц֣Ů˸Եλϡ
һֽ˵λҹǻӭɳļλѡӶǰľƱ˵
׵ͷһǰǴ룬۾ǲҪھ֮ǰ취ʵʩƻ
ҹĸһ׵ĳ׵Ҳ޷ֻúȾ
ͻȻע⵽ߣʵǸɾͻôû
СǷѣҵĻЩˮ
ǿϧѽһúддǸСءм£հʣλγƺ
ߵ룬ܵհᣬɳĲ̣λҵıܣǳ̣һλұܵĺѣմһĶҲҵСܣͰ򽫾ԵҵĻûĶǼĻơ
ɾǴ˼ѽֲȲ˵һλߣ۾ƳףɾǱãòʣŲΪ֮ˡ
˼ҺұΪ֮ˣһֱڿȡֻҸأҲѲŽ˼е⡣ײŲæ˵
ȡɳĹ𣿡Щˡ
룬ʲôʲôʡԼ뷽跨ѻιƽ
Ȼǣֻǣûˣһ֪ںεء
Ŷ˵ģ£㵹˵˵һǿʢ
򵥣޷Ǿ¡˲š
ִЦ˭֪Ǿô
˵ǾӾٸаɡ
ӿһ۸ղʻߣʵзӦΣ
򵥣ı
ͻȻ˵Ǽ򵥣㵹˵˵ʲôı
ײ˵ֻǿλߣλ߿϶ǱҹصˣӶҪ֡
ߺӽһ˵ɾ󵽴һ𡣡
ȻЦŰ򣬡㲻˵Ҫ˱Ͷǿɶſء
߹ȥӢõĸ첲룡
Ӣÿû氢ǰ˼˽ͶĶںˡ
˭żֶӢӮ
ǹǫˣҲó´ξͱΣ
ɥ˵ҼȻ֪²óˣٱ۸ˣ˵㻹óʲôԡ
Ӣü˼һᣬҡҡͷ棬ƺ˴̣Ҷó
λӴЦտ˶ѽմҿеĿˡ
⻰һ˵꣬̾˵ʸγƺǱԴΣ
Ӣһ˿ǲ䣬ҲǸˬʵĺӣҲģҲûʲôá
ƺСӢɡ
˵һӢõļ򣬡ãСӢȥ㡣
ţӢһֱۣ˵Щʣˡ
ȻǴ׵ˣҡҡͷϵĽĿ
ǰӢߣģڵĲˡ
ˣƢϱŶ
ֻŵıˣȴ֪˿һ˫۾Լ
ۿҪˣ룬ˣϿȥӸ̸ۺû᷿ȥ䡣
˭ϣ˵ǱҵСҪ衣
⻰һ˶
ҹӺܿģ˳׵ļ⣬ֿӢõպѾ뷨ԼͻȻڶ˵Ҫһ۾ȴʼղ뿪аĲ̣һǣ⼸ѵǳ͸

71 СƢ


ҵСӴС޸һڲͬķ, ӦǫѷģԼЩçֱϿվڴϺ͸ǰ̬ݵ˵Լļ, ϷŹ, , յͨͨͣ
˵Ҫһ衣
ȻǸ˿ġ
ǸȴʼûԼ, ԽԽ, ֱȡԼϵľ˵˹ȥ
˲ʱڳ˶ߣǱΨһĹĿ֮±ﰮĽ֮顣
һ, ȻȻĿ, ٿǰŮ, ̾е˼ⱱҵŮӹȻǺš
ˬʵЦ, Żɾ, ɳӶȽϺ, Ҫ
ȴӣ˵Ͳˣˡ²ܹܽ⣬ѾȢˣҺܰҵӣݲˡ
һ˵ڣȴ, ԼȻûпˣӣӦġ
ɳӶǿ檵ģ׸ǱңޣҾԲġ
׺䵭ĿӣѾ˵ˣݲŮӣҶԹ㲢ϲ֮飬أ
˻һӵ̷Ứܳ硣
һ龰æ˵ҹ絽˽ɾһ𡣡
ҹеıҴƻ߽ͨ׸߽
˵ɾ£ñҳ軵ˡ
Ҿ񣬡ĺʵѽܣӲҪǡ
޷޷ҿеĿĲܣɾڿɷϸ˵˵ƽѣ
ҲĨǣֱ˵ڸʯһЩԣ˵ϲң͵Ϲ죬ȡλֻΪɳҪ̸Ϊ˲ɳ֪ҴӶһٽ˱
̾һɾ˵ûѾʯҩһˣƽܱսȻٺò
˵ǶҲɱ֧ԮԼڿǿϷģеϣΪӴӦƽѣ֪ܲһĻӡ
ӷģ֪赣ɳûΪӱᣬ֮λض̫ӵģɳ̫ӹذգսʹðʧ˴ǰ̸Ӫ̫ӵ£õǻ
Щɳ֮£֪֪Ϊ˵ҵɹˣ㣬ɳļϸӪıһٽұҼҲǲɡͻȻʵ
뵽ǻдһʣ˵ȸ֪֮־־ڲҶҵʶȻɳʶңȻѰǱŲңƾһȥһչ˵ǲģҪɳĺ̸֪֮ɡ
Ӻλ߽˵ã͵ȵ̸֮աɾҷǳϣ˵ģԣϲ䣬ȶ˱ңҾͰΪʦ
εЦЦȵȶ˱ңҪˡ
ӴסȥԶԶĿһ᷿ŵƣӰ£һ˱Žϣһţ֮ڷ߶֪˵ЩʲôƺǼ
ҡҡͷۺӢֲˡ
䷿ǰվһᣬܰŰӦѾ˯ˣתƿԱ᷿ţ»æӭ
£Ů·˵С͸µġ
һǱ˵·Ҳϻ
ʲôʱģ̫ɿˣ
ڸղţ̫Ѿ˯ˣ
·̫Ҳ̫֪¾ްɡ
磬֮ʱǼ˵ĴԺϵµ
Χһ緹ӻûȣС̾ƣ˵ǰ򽫾СӢģ峿ȱ̾ᾫһñԡžŮ˹˵Сģðɾһ
Ӣõһһڣζ˵Ÿ˶˾ơ
һһԼȥˡ
׿ɾûӢŷĹСĵؿ䡣
ղһŮԣ;ЩԾ˵ŹĹӦǲģҿԳһ𣿡
ô˵ӢһھЩǺţҲڳģ֪׶԰һһⲢҵܾôҲ˵仰
Լûſڣ˵ҿͦѳԵģҲգ»ȥ
ȴվ»ı˹ǱҹһƬ⣬ܲȥ¿ŲóԣҵǾͦá
һҧһڣͷóԣóԡ
ˣȻˡС˵ҹǵһμǹ˵Լҡ
Ӣϲ䣬ѽ䣬µ˵Լݲ±ˡ
Ȼ⹫ûѽ죬뵽Լһ·ųףɵĲٹˣͬŮװͬⲻñлɳˡ
ÿһʿŮ¾ͽһ±֪ŮӣҴñԼãз
ӢüǵһμԴףû뵽ⰢҲͦġ
׳ײǴ⣬Ůװڱ˱ҵĹԼǲʹ죬ȻˣСƢ
׻ǵһİ䣬ԴˣСƢİ䣬ЦЦ䣬ȷ֮⣬Ҿܾĸɴ࣬²ٷˡ 
䲻˵˷䡣
ȥӢס£ʲôףֻһʱգģǶ˴ȡҲΪ㣬Լһ
ȴ˵Դ;ȡ֣Ϳһ˾ʵȻû㹻İȫУҲ˶԰ġ
ųȥıӰӢü𣿡
ƿţڰỤ̄ʵû뵽ⱱҲ̡
оͣǵģԼġ
̶棬ǰͣȵҪ͵ʱȴҲû˻ᡣ
䣬ҹϣӹͻȻݸҵ;ܾˣִš
̧ͷʱһһҲεڣòĻӦǲ֪ġ
⣬䣬ôһҶ䵭ǼٵİҶӹһ˼ûСס֣ңһᴦõġ
ԼǰôȫûлӦġ
Ǿ͵ȴ˵ɡ
죬ѳ˷䡣
ſʼĸ˾һ˱Ť
Ťһ־ֵƴĺ̸˱һʹ

72 С


Ѿ׼, ʱ䣬Ӧùźƾͻᵽ
ģıãгĵ⼸챱ҵĹ, ̫, ÿֶָ, ·, ʳӦоСûӦ, ЩͶŮ¾ˣ
ҲŶȥӣϧ򣬿Сһ, һĿ, ҲûƢ, ֻ÷¶ߡ
ⱱҵŮӲˬִţҲװɵ
ɾ
ͷ, վ᷿ſڡ
һĺܴ, ͸ӡǸŮ, ͬɳŮӵԼȴһҰ֮
ͷҪˣûȥʱֻŮͶˣȥһˣ˵ЩĻˡ
ɾ, ȥɳؽˡ
˵֪ˣȥ
ȴվ᷿ſڲ
ʲôҪˡ
Ҵȥ£ҵ㡣ӹ˷ţſڣͷϴ΢Ц
ƼԼǵĻϲ±ܾ¶ҲνûʲôǱԼϲ˸ˣŰսӲ١
߳ݸһ裬ɳ򻨲衣
ӿǰñӣ˵ǰɾСܰɣҸ˵ĵȮͼڱĻҪÿ
䲻˵±ϳŮӵݣȻѾ˵ˣͲҪױ𴩲źá
ó⼸һĵݸӡ
һ۾ˣĻ
ͷ
Ķôÿ滨һܺÿˡͻȻеĹⰵŮӿ϶⻨һɡ
ۡſˡ
׿˵ŮҲģҵӱĵҪûϰٱ
Ӿɥ˵ûҪԴףҲûޣҲ˵ģһúöġ
׵һ⻰˵ģôоԼѾǱҵˣԽԽ֣ƺĻԼ
ȵȣӹҪѻ˵ҴûӦʲô㡭
һ˫ͻȻס죬׾ȵ۾
ӾȻס죡
˵㲻˵ʲô˵
״С˶ԴԼŵĿ˿ǰˣֿһԵ䣬̴֣⹫̫ˣأ
õЩвԾʹЩûзͻȻȥ鼱֮һקס䡣
û뵽ӻԼۿžҪӵķˤȥۼֿһѽקסϣһһקģˤڵصͬʱñҲȥ
Ӵסˡ
ֻǰŮӳƮݣƤ֬ﲨɰŮ·һ㡣
䣬û°ɡʵ
Ŀ˰ɾڿСܡʱ飬ˮϧ
ͻȻ˹·˵Ҫȥ߸磬ŮװƭǶƭӣ
žķȥ
£ЩģΪԼ˳׵ļƻ
ЦЦû£ȥƻҡģˣǾ;뿪
ӳ˽ӻ
ȥɾôһ˿žˣ綼˵ˣ˼ѾܾˣƫҪȥǣһӻҰɣ
ǣӳ˵ǸСܾӣСǸŮģ
һʼžòǳ޹һôǣ˰䣬Щסˡ
ӣɳŮװ֮Ҳûʲôֵġ
ӲĴ˵ôһʼ˵ƭҸ磬Ǿƭӣ
ӹ˻ףɳ߽Ÿλ֮ϵҾ񣬡֪һ·ɳң;з㣬ʶװʾˡ
ⲻɣǡ磬֪жÿصĿ֪ԼԼĲڿڳ׿ǸܵĴ
ֻҪһ뵽˶ӵĻ棬ľһһۣʵԼȲ䡣
׿һƣ˵ԷƱɳŮӵͱŮӵûвͬġ
ǣǡءıֻǿޣԭţڱûԼÿŮӣ뼴ʹɳŮӣҲɫһЩˣԼлðɾĵģǽտ䣬ĺÿݵĲ趼úȣôƯĻôĸ߰һͻȻͱˡ
ȴͻȻ£ŶôŮӣɾҿһѽ
е㵣ģİ䣬ֻԼ֪Լжáһ˶׵ңȢһѾ˼Ȣ
İֻģκпܵ춼Ҫɱҡһ·Ůӵıҡ
ӣո˾ţټɡ
˵ӣһҪس̸£
ҶӲǳɫ֮ˣ˵ӵļ򣬡ãҪ̸ˣȻԼȥ
滨Ŀһ۳ףӴ˳ȥ
Ҳ龪һҪȻİָҪʲô͵ľɫˡ
ɾ
ָų׸˵λɳĲ̣֮ǰܵСϹز߱ӣڹز߱ɳȥˣǱ⣬ǿʶ
Ƶλɾ棬죬ӦֻǼҲϤ
׵ˣ˵СѾ֮ǰ۶ҵĲҶҼҹӦͲʱйһ֮Եֻ΢ᣬδýˡ
Цɾ˵Цˡ
ӴЦɳӣ̫ǫѷˣҿλоӡؽɴ˺̸飿
ǰ̸齻Уӣҳ°ӣ̿űչűӵӣʴʳƥʣҪбȥҳգԺú
ڱҿҳ̼֣οȼǵñϺõƥͶƤëҳϲĶ֪ܻʳƥͲˡ
꣬ȴüͷһ壬һ۳׵һϲҰ첢ô룬ƶ񤣬ֻЩСȫǳԣţΪˮݷ֮ʱȻãһ곤첻ܲܶȥҲʵΡ
Ƶ˵ҳȻذҳ֮ɳ˵ĳԺȶˣڰȻһ첻֮꣬ѰǶ
ֿ˳һۡ
֪ҪԼ˵ˣ˿ؽҲǰӵĺýһ仰ؽ˵ĶҲԡ½ڱңֲĸңնӵģֻԱůѣɳİǰգҵİҲǰգҲԼ˿Ϊ˲Ϊ֮²ǷӵĴ󣬶Ǳҵĵ޿κΡ
ӵͷѽؽȥɳʵ˵ǲԸսˣԸѷ֮ʱʩԮ֣Ȼһҡ
ƵȻԸؽ֮áλɾ˵һ£Ϊжô֣ӵȡ͵ǷǳӵΪӦֹǱʻҪ߶ұգݹǴʦˡ
΢ɲǣ˫ɳĲ
ͻȻϻվʵ˴δ˶ٱ

73 ι


Ƶȵľ仰
ֵĺ, վʰһ䲻ڻ¡
ִЦؽˣҷǳͬؽ˵͵ǲԵ, ϧֻͬ˵
ƵǺ⣿
ʱ˵ ؽ̴֪˿Ϊ˵ҲЦ, ҵһƥһϺõĴ豻ӵ°򽫾Ӫʿ͵, Ϊҵշת˱ңø, ⡣ʱµ֪ؿ, ɳãֻΪϲҰӷһЩ磬±Ұո, Ըʯ뱱, İ, °򽫾˰ֻȡͲˡ
ͣһ, ̻, ǲм˵ɾ㻹ر, ͵ǻ˵
һ⻰һֱվҲİ˵ξϣûйϵԴɳԱǰȰӶһ£ŽҪ̸Ӿӡɳо仰˵úã֪ܸĪɣҵľӾᷢӶ֮¡
׽ŰĻ˵ؽ, Ҳ˵ֻҪƽҺ⡣
ΥĵĻվ˵õ˵ˡ
ּһ䣬Ȼҵʶҵ
ϻδߵ˵ͷ
׼˵һ仰ܣǱҼ䣬Ҳ˶ӵ
Ƶɾԣⱱһ˸Ҳӵģ֪أ˳ĴѲɡ
ӿųײ˵ѾˣƹҶ̷ϳԣ
֪ԼǱƳ̽ģǵȻðԼƵָкá
ؽղ˵°ӣ̿űչűӵӣɽʳƥʡˣһ˵̫Ӵ˲ϲ֮ˣԹ̩ΪΣضң˻ַɡ
ӵͷð亹ôһȦ˵ˡ
ֱ˵֮ΣСΪɳô˱֮£
׼̵˵úãʣξðɳԸѰƽңԱս֮ࣿ
Ȼ
ͻȻЦ˵úãŽһԼȳ׷
ȴͻȻʵɾղԾ䶼̽ɣʵֻ̽ҪչڰĳԵ
ãǱֱ˵ˡ
뽲
ӽʱϲ֮˵ơ
ĬĬһ۳ף˵ƽҵΪҿɾ־ԶǶıɼѣҺͰ򽫾һ֮
ãؽ˵ûɾȷ˲šôǸ
˶ԲߣΪؽ밢򽫾һϷȷųϢϲΪ̸ʧܣĸضǰӡ׽ʱע⣬֮ʱѾҪıضĶǾ񲿶ӡ
ˣôϲľЩûʲôսıҴʱϲȺףؽɴӳ˻ͻϮóõ飬ϿдͼıҺ̸ԸͶ߲ɱսѸٻطǰԮ򽫾
ֻ֮ǵǰʣƷ󣬰򽫾ҪȥԮؽʱҪһͿӵ˼ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ҪڣһɳһλͳұȴһλıʿұҲ
һλߴ߳
æ˵д仰սʤ
Ҿ񣬡Ϲˣ²ǲ̿ұıȨˡ
ĳ׵ļ򣬶˵ӣҵܽҵˣҲܰˡ
念˵⻰Ϊʱ磬ɾȷʵͲţҲġ
Ѿͨ˱εĿ飬ײ˵ֻǱ˱ȭ
ʱҲǸζ˵ҪﱱңҲΪղս֮࣬ϾǻȡõΡ
β֪᲻׵ʵģݱ¶һɲǣû˻뿪ӵ˲Żص۶Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿòŲԼƤҡ
ӴѾӰбߵķš
оڿź˳ȥ
ϵ£Ѿ֪ˡ˵
峿ܳȥʱӢþ͸ȥǼ̸Ӣñ˸εĽһֱսµʱ뿪
Ӣԣɸ̾ڳԼ˵Ĳ࣬ɼӹԸֱʣǷǷɳһЩҵŮӣ̫ǸԸʵ᲻
ȻӢҪĻǴ˳׶ļĩ˻һ䣬̫ӽ̻ңҪѧվڶԷϿˡ
俴ӢһҸȥۣ룬֪ζԴӢڿˡ
ҪھӪУֱƽѽ䣬Ҫչ˺Լ
ﲻɳ󹬣Ӧõģһ뵽ü춼䣬ֱŤʱЩ
óԺúȣ²ùġϵ̸ɳһ顣
䣬㻹Թң
ЦҪƽҾͲԹˡ
ͷһȣһŵλãߣĿ۾
̸ɽһ룬ͻȻͣﲻˣһߵӻš
ԹԵҡ׿ǹӣʵ̫ɰôĴָһ¡
æ¡

˵Ĵ䲻ֻһ£䣬𡣡
ǣ̸ɡ
ԭǲŸոտʼͷֱֱ˿ء
һڳԡ
촽뿪Ҳԡ
һ̸ɣӲҪƬ֮Žȥ
ҵİ仹Ҫͬһ𣿡ͻȻס̸ɣͷƽУιҡ
̸ԴˣûӦָҧס̸ɵһ룬һɿڣ׾ʹ̸ֵɡ
ιģ𡣡
仵Ц̸ɣϲ˫շӣôôÿء
¿еʳ۾һת̫ˣô⡣
Ȼż⣬§סĲӣ촽
»ˣǰڶԼǵϴԲա
Ǹ鶯İ
һֱȥѯʵǸ˿ڣƺϣ۾סĸ߶ӣϸϸĦĴ
˿磬ֲ徿˭еζ˴ֻ֪ϵȡԷ
һסԺһȥԣЩԿơ
Ҫȥ´ͻȻ졣
£˴ˡ
״Ŵͷľѣ˵֪ˡ

74 ̽


첲, µˣ᲻á
ܽҹҪӪˣƽУҲ, Щ, Щ뿪
㶵Ŀ
, һ·ߵſ, ͷ, 䣬лл㡣
쿪ţ߳䣬תһ, š
ڴ, 춼ûŲ, İ׹⻹ûȫɢȥعŷ, ԭԼ׳Գ׵ӵǡ
, ̸, ղŵ龰зġ
أҹ˯þˡ
ⳡƽѳʱ䲻ȻϣϲžڻʹΧҵĻʹͲ, ֻҪͿΧס
Ϊ˴ƽѵľʦӵȨڶ౱ʿúŽΧסѡһ֧õ˻ʹ
Բѷʱóӡĸױҹگ飬·ϣű߾𱱵ɳϵ̴
һӵϣӵնɱ
ƽѽϢΪԼȷЩ֮лᣬҲԥɱӡ
ƽڼ䣬ҹüΡһʼֻԶԶϿº͵ӭ䣬о衣
Ӳ⣬㲻ң
ҡҡͷ
ҿҪˡ
̧ͷ룬֪ȥĵѾһˡ
ǰҺϲһʲôأ
źĴ۾ʵǵĹ¡
ЦЦûʲôرģҲһˣһȥԼĹ¡
ȴ΢ҺĽ㡣
ǧҪĽң㲻֪ҶʲôЩʹ£ȻܹʹһһֱЩʹ
صǣЩʹǸ˸ģЩʹҲǸˡ
Һ档Ӿһʣƺ޵ķ˪Цݱ͸Щƣȼǿִ
Ϊɾ㣬ҲŻԼˣҳô󣬻ûϹ䣬֪Ϊʲôҿĵһ۾Ȼ᲻
ЦЦʵԼҲ᲻
˺֮ĺ֣ͬϲ£ѦͺܷУȴøС
ߺоʵӣС£Ϊʲôã
Ϊ䣬ԲڱЩ飬ŮֵúúöԴġ
ϲһûϲһ˾ñӵֶȥȥݺǴˡ
ƽѽĵڶգڽʿ칦ϣӽԼߡ
ڽʿӽ󣬰ɾұҵľʦˣ
ʱ
ϣʮָˣһֱͳ˵ͣ˵Լι֮˵ðհҵ׿ĳǸһΪĺþ
ҲĵˣǩƽԼӦָտɴġ
չ˳Сʵؽɳ̫ӵĵɽ̫ͬһźƽλǿǩƽԼ
ӵȴͻȻˣ»ӳ飬ɾҲ֪ұҲûжʺϸֵķأٶطֵĳǳֵĲ㣬Ǹã
֪Ӹӵĳŵϻλ͸óǳء
ôӲǻ˵ðս֮𣿡
ȻҵİܿࡣӽӣǱƹ췴ɳԼֻҪճǳؾͺˡ
װסŭӿɷ߸£ô뷨
ӾȵĶ࣬ӻѣֻаʹ֪Լĸ֪ǸӲ̫Ρ
ֻиûȷ
ûȷ˵ӻûʽܳеĽ飬˵ǵġ
ղǺʱҲ̫֮
Ҫ³ıߣȫ
ãǺȾơ
Զڸʯĳɳĺ̸ƽϲңͻȻ˲õԤС
˴˭̸
Ӫơ
ƣҵ𣿳ۣԼȻУϢͨģδ˵Ӫ˧ȻҵˣҲ̫ӵˡ
֮ǰӦӣƽѣӲûἰ֪һûУƽѡ
ô붼в¶Ρ
ȥձҿɷ飬СҲҪŹ
еĵһ뷨ǣ̫ӵ˼ȻˣôضԼпܻɱԼôҪǰԱΪǿ
һʹеѴ̫δɽ档
£˵˼ɳ̼֣ӷϱ˵һְ̼ӳıߣƽҡ
ʲô̼ôʲô
˵֮ǰǹӦҲƥͲҶĴңСϹزߵˣⲻΪСϱˣŵ˱⣬Ǹ̼հס
üëһزߵˣհףô֪
ʱȥˡ
߳׺Ÿôõ֤뿪Ǳ߳о˱һʹ
ӣףѽҹȻǿ׳Ҫҽƽѡ
˵ЦˣҲ֪˴ɳĺ̸ҵæ
һؽ̫ӵˣѡ̫ӶˣӵзصǳزҪˣ
ӶȫΪ棬һҲϲ˻߸ϵӣҲٴţĳǸթСˡ
ȻҪǲ֪ҽ±ܲùǵ̫ӣʧʮսʿȴʲôò˵㣿
𡪡طеĲ豭ô˵ΪҼʹ췴Ҳܳɹˣ
ЦºαôҵȻϣɹһҪǵĳǳأǣ췴£ɲɹı
Цһ£˵ɳһ̼ΪıߵģȻˣβƽѣ
Ŷҵˣؼǻʺĸңظ游ɾҲʶģ칦գҲо˵Ҫɳǳصʱ򣬰Լ֪ԼӵĽףҪ췴ɳ۶ս֮УҪģô»ǴӳΪá
ɾҵľʦҪҪԸԸ
ӣҲ˵հ׵̼֡Ǵ˴ƽѣϴԣҪ̫Ӻ˰ɣҵĺãоͲŴ˴ƾֻǵ̸ġ
Ǳ־ԵĴЦҲ̸ֻδ漰½Ȼذɣ˵飬һҪٺú˼һ
ݲ˵ܲܵϻλǵϻλҲ̫˻ĸԼǳء
еĲ豭áҿɸ㣬ȻұˣҵĸɳĻʺҵ游ɳڸҳָӵݡ
һ˦ۣת˴
ص˼̷ԸȥҲһƴ˴λûĿģУʲô취ҪǸհ׵Ļ񡣡
˵ǹز߹յ̼֣ӦüģǶı˲ţؼҲܲټȻ˿϶թ

75 


ƽѺ, ӣǴ϶ʱҳ״ϥ̸ÿζѻӺʹ϶, Ϊ˱⻳, ʿɶֹ
ƺ˽ֵĽ׶, òͨѹ֤ݣ޷˳
޷, úҹǱӵ޹, ȴʲôûҵ
ʱʱӢд裬ӢòٵԼÿζۣҲɻǰΪֹ, , ˶Ƕ䡣
֪ӢǶ, ȴǼ켸ҹ˯žûĪĸˡȴԼķ, Լһҵ׳ʿ֮á
, ԼԼ, ö춼ûȥӢá
СӻǻָвԼĺɰͳͳó»˻ȥҲṳ̂ӹסһ
Ӳ򻨲ȡ
ʱӵĺʱһãҲ, Ҳˡ
һ
о򻨲ӡ
ûڱҳڴȥȴ뿪ѡ˸ŶȻȥԼڸʯ˼ҿջס
ʱ䣬ѾˣļֻʣĩβҵһͺʹҲôůˡ
ÿպóԺúȣΪϱȴļ磬ôȥˡ
Ҽǵһֻùȥһҡ
£Ҫ
÷ǳֶΣҲ֤ݵġ
ҵùգҩƳ˷ĩʱգ۾͹߰ա
ںߵ⼸գס᷿Ѿ˼ӵˣЩ˶ܽһԼˣ͸æˣһ˱Ӣץȴ̷Ծˡ
ײŲæķ죬ӻеΣѯйسе£תһ룬ʶӻίʵýͣԼǸ̼֣ô֪ôֻ࣬˽ʬ崦ˡ
ͬʱļ֪кܻἸˣز߸ɳҹӦԣֻҪвһ¾Ϳ϶֪ǲڵģ⼸ˣѾԼݱ¶ǳ£һҪڻԱǰɴеĿġ
ڷ֮ʣ糾͵ĻˣӻóһСҩƿ£ѽùƳҩֻۣұ˲ŵõһεҩ
һλ͹ˡ
һӹҩƿϸķУھ͵ӵһĻˡ
˵ᣬˣ˵̴꣬롣
׵Ժ»·
ŵ̴ӣ˼Ƭ̣ȻСԸȥ֪̫ͨɾӢãó»׼װ֤ݻҹ뿪
۽ҹǳɹʧܶˣѺ֪ԼҩҲ뷨跨Լء
̴ӻ
һ߽͸æ˵ɾǰҶģомˣ˵˵
߹ȥ̵һߣģ˵ӣǰȹ̾ƺ󣬵Щˣ֪ӿɷͬҶ
ӷӣѽѵðɾϲҾ˸һЩȥ
о̵ӣ˿Լӣζӳ£εĽҩУĩڻĿ죬㴼ľҲڵסζ׶Ʊ¶лЩʱĿм 
ȻҸлɾ˵ͶƱһ
ҩЧûô췢װסӰŪ̵֣£ǸٶΣмﻰ˵
ӿźƽﲢͬĳף˲
ӣ뽻ѣʵɼԼʱʱ̿ҪΣʱò֯뷨跨ҵж֮˵İѱ
ɾ˵ʲôӵĲ
ͻȻǰ˻ȻعղŸҺʲô㾿ʲôˣô㣡
ģЩùķĩҲ㣬ԱҲ¡
ӵǰȫģ岻ֻܶжȴֻܷ΢
ֱȫģʶȴֲһ˿ѣܿƵ˵Ż
׼Ѿһ䣬ɳʲôף
ҸϻλӦǡ
ѵϢȻûֽʵǿԼ
ţûжԼ
һӵƷҲ˽ġ
żںδ
ȴüͷܾ˵һ֡
ǲǵ𣿡
Ҳ֪
һ֪ȻôҪż
Ϊʲô֪
Ϊ

˴ϡ
һˮֱӴͷһк£ֲӵסʲôû֣ԭͲСҩƿûʱˣòֻ֤գ뾡뿪Ҳǰװһ֪ǲûǩʲôԼţ취ͺá
򶨵߳ĴҴҵűһʹȥӢúѾŵʿ
ףæǰʵ£Σ
ߣӺܿˣ·˵
ĵĿԼ
ͷ΢飬գǰΣ֮Сʻһ絽ߣıס䣬ֵһλˡ
䲻˵ֻĺ󱳡
䣬Сں󹬳󣬼˶թ˼ʹ棬ε˲֪࣬νһ˺⵽һζ
ƽѺܸоİѵġԼΣзǳܡ
İɣ£ӲɳԣҲԭ㣬ֻٰܲ㵱ˡɳľǱҵľݣôܵء
ţʱһֱУõĴڣƽѣһ̽ôι֮㻹̻ģ㶼źɡ
Ϊһ߸ûܹƽѣòһȴ˿̵еźӦòٰɡ
䣬ҡ׽ڻУźΪһ㣬ֻҪߣûʲôź
ͷЦˣⲻǾڵ»𣿡
һıǼ⣬§§ѽİԼߣ͹ˡ
ҹҪ·ˣһú˯һɡ
۾ͷ
ʱͣˣʵ£Ѿ˱ңӦȥδ
Ҹջס£ţǰϡ
£ΪβֱؽϣȻص۶أ
׿һۻ˯Ůӣס⣬ûõ֤ݣܻȥ
ûûõ⣬£⡭ʵû뵽ǧң·˳ƽѣðűӷֵΣڱһʹ̽飬ҹӣڸ֤ûõ
ۺӢȻҲˣ˹һ˵ûõ֤ݣǸô춼ˣָָ˵ô䶼ˣΪҳıƽѶƽˣһ·ϳԵĿ඼׳ˣ˵ûõ֤ݣ
ڳ׻Ťһӣ˵Ƶˣ顣
ƨ磬ɹˣ˵̫ӣҿɴû¹㣬ӢãߣԼص۶ˡˡ

76 


»קס, ɾ¿϶аţ޹ġ
ߣ˵һ·Ҳ, ݵֲ̼Ҫ, ˡô֪ܲһ·Եÿ, ǷѵĹǱ˭ܡ
, ڲʱôȫ, Ѿ¶ݣҵǳ£书ѣΣա
, һ, Ӣôһͬ뿪
⻰һ˵, ۷˵ˣü΢壬, ǲΣգ
úֿ, ֻʣһˡ
ҲߡĻ̽ͷ, ҲΪȻص۶ͺܰȫ
Ӣ˵֪µĵʲô⼸պҩµѾ˼ˣݱ¶ǳ¡ûҲпס䣬Դв㣬Ͼ۶˲֪˲԰ĸ顣
ͻȻ˵Ȼ顣Ӧô죿
΢, Ƶˣаš
ڿջķУ˴һ
ǧ㣬û뵽ǵţȻС޲ϧ˵
ۣɾ㲻Թ˰ɣ²˭ûа취
۲˵Ӣõ书õľˣȥ͵
ǿ϶Ѿ˷һȥͶҲȥաһĲԸ⣬Ĺĵָʹ书ҲǿΪʲôͲȥ
˭Ҫȥðաм㣬ۣӢȻص۶ҲǺֻӲӣ˵δܴɣӾŹλᣬд﷢ʲô£˸߸ʵӶ䣬ٴսҡ
ۣķʲôҶѰ취мǣͨѹûκ֤ݣһʱ嶯˵˲˵ģԼȥ
ʵǸоʲô𣿡
ˣָʹһ壬˵Σշǳ֪Ըһԣ
ĩԸ⡣ֻҪܾõ֤ݣ뿪Σ֮ء䷿ķһۣ⼸˶Աֻаû书
׵ͷ˼Ƭ̺󣬷Ը»ȳȥӢǿˣһ·Сġָʹ¡
˶ԿȻ󹧾Ҿ˳ȥ
ֽ̿ţܿдһţӻó̫ӡżϣ鷳ָʹһ˱һʹһȥֽԸóӵżߡ
ҲµģʹϲԸ֤ݣҲɱңϾƽǳ˴ģܻЩ֡ദôãǸ֪жˡ
׵ͷƴһѣǲɣԱΪȣԸշ˵շȴ֪Ļ᲻еڶˣƵҪ
ҲΪ˵ɣӲ˺Բǰȥź̸ʹߵݣ֣ʹò֤ݣҲӦÿȫˡ
²˳٣ùžȥɡ
ǡ
ߵſڣͻȻת¿ɷҺͰ̸һ̸һиһٹ¡
кܲζЩǰģ֪ʲôʱʼеһжٰԭȵĹ켣չˣ֪ǲӦҡ
˵Щ֮ļҳɣŻб㣬㲻ҪǱĻȥͻˡ
Ʊȭл¡
ƿţߵԱ᷿ſڣߵšɳҺ̸һ·̫Ӽ粽Ļ䣬ʼֻĬĬעǰ˵
֮·ƽѣ£ǹͣԼʹߣסڲͬĵطǲ
񣬲ȥӵԼ䣬Σա
оţƣһ£ɾ
ͷƣЦ˵ֳˡ
ƶо˵лҪ̫оȳȥһ¡
оͷ˳ȥ
վԭأ²ҪԼ˵Щʲô
䣬кþûе˵ˣ㲻ļλҶֻԶԶڷһ߿㣬˵仰ûлᡣƲ֪ôˣرͰ䵥һᡣ
ҪȥҪ£˳ܻܿص۶ˣھӪһ͸ˡ
֪ԼҪգŻſҪ󣬷ʲôɵ͵̫һ
ӢҲҴУҪͷˣֳҲģԶһˣҲԶļңԶСá
ƿüĿ΢΢ʼգǿƵ̵ġ
ǣԶҵСá
֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôƺкܶҪ˵ȴûһܹ˵ڡ
䣬ӦǷһףģҴ붫Ϊ㲻Ը֣֮޲̫Ӷ֮У֪㲢ϲף̫ӣǾ仰һ죬뿪ҡ
֪̾ѴģԸŵ»úôҡѾΪ̫ӵұۣϣΪƷ۷Ǳʲôԭд󽫷緶ŵ¾Ի㡣
䣬˵ҳΪ̫ӵұ˽ĵģ᲻ң
֪˵˽ʲô͵ĶԻȻʲô֪֪ϱ˺ܶ࣬ûʲôԵģֻҪ̫ĵģû溦˼һԱ󽫣ġ
˵˽ģǴһЩģһ˽ģȴֻܷ
䣬Ȼص۶һȥɽ³С𣿡
Ц˵˶󣬷̫飬öй֮ǰˡλ˵۶һ㰢ֳȥһС⽣շһУֻҪԣضС
а仰Ҿˡǰһңˡ
ͷһеģƽǻ˵۶һȥɽ³С⽡
á
վԭأ䣬˵ȴҲ뿪;ʲôĿڴܵĻţȴΪ
ֳʲôû˵𣿡
ҡҡͷתȥ
ۺӢãùţջſƺһС
£⼸ָʹɣ¡˵
ҡҡͷȻ֪ӲƲٷ顣
ջһЩ̫ģԱҹУ١
û˵꣬ಡ𡪡һöӳӲֱֱϡ
ˣҰѿջΧ
»վڳ󷢶⻰˵һ룬͡Ҳ̫Щ
̺̫̫ȫ
䣡׹˲æ¥᷿ȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬ٷ˽ǳ¥ݵİգӵС׷׵ء
ױ¥ߺؽ㸺գ
æƿķţ׾סˣڷУоѾ赹ڵϣһճĲϣѾܿ˿˿Ѫ

77 Ⱦ(1)


, ҴСһ磬ɴûҵֵܿѽбڴϣӡ
㣬ȷſ, ʲô³еĽȴ
֮ǰڵ۶, Ȳ, ⱱɲҵĶ֡Դӱ㺦ຮ֮أҿνнѽ
͸һۿջʵ㾹Ȼ͵͵бҪʲô
дӴվ, Ľס׵Ŀ, ̷һ
תͷЮһ˵ĽϼһݣһѪӡԡ
̷нҪ˺
ѽ, 硣леĽ, µڳĿڡ
۾, һĵ
Ѩֻҡͷȴʲô˵ײ¥һֱд򶷵Ȼƻûй
ղǹģ
ѽ, Ҫ, ôܿһ˳ģѽĽǰһ, ·ЩѪɫ
ڱһʹʱҾ˼ȥ̽ǿɲȥɱǵģȥģסǵݲܻҿѽԭһ֪˭ˣû뵽Ƕ, ̤Ьٴȫѹѽ
ҹҹǣһз紵ݶжҹ뿪·ҵˣǸӢ书ôǿΪû֣Ϊû˸ǣ˱һʹأ̵ܿĵطҵˣҿջǸյұõϢ㵱Ϊ⼸ھ˼ֻž˼𣿡
ԭѾֵ˵ĵزڵ۶ǹлǸҶǸҵ֩۸ӣչ˶û뵽ڱȴˮǮʹĥ
İղϱбҲ
򶷵ԽԽˣ˵࣬඼±ƹǳ¡ܣ£Ͳĸ𣿡
ס죡ĸ㺰õģҵĸĸ׵Ķ㺰ĸĸǱˣ
ŭգеıŰһǸ仹УھͬӲƴʱ򣬿һ䣬Ŭѹеŭ⣬ЦܵǸңΪ̫Ӧƺʺʲô
㣡ͻȻԳЦЦôϻʲôһԧ죬һ治֪ҪɱһŸȤ
һɫ˵ĽһֶЩѪ
׺ԥ󺰵ɱң㲻ɱ𣿡
û뵽⹬еĴģС鵭ĮĶ羹ġƫҾҪɱҾ뿴ʹζ

һ۾ͷ˵ɱ
ܵеɱ⣬ײڣ˲ԼؿڵŵĽĽ˹ȥֱ˵һɣ
кãҾɱ㣡
䲻Ҫ书ȴ˿岻Ѩ
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᷿ܶˣ׺ͳим
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Ⱦǰ棬﷽أͳ»ˣǾ취
׶䣬ˣұ㡣
ҿԼ֣ˣٶˡ
׶˵סСȣһ𣬾ͽǰһ·Сܡ
ȾŸһ򿪣С˻û˵ƾóһӣҸ񷿾ͺãһҹһỹ˻鷳㽫ǷŽһٸӡ
С˼ǮۿǷ˽ȥ
˶񷿣ؿڵѾһƬƵ£ĩΪ
оæתȥ˺Լ·ڳģƬ̾Ͱˡ
ղһĻΪԼԸĻᣬҪʱϵǰľһʬˣֺۣ£ۿʪ
£Ժǧˡ
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ǣǡͻȻֹסˡ
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ãģʲôġĺ󱳣һᱣԼΪһҪѽ
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˺ܾãɫˣ˻ûȵͳ»ⵣ
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ɣҲǵͶ
оͻȻվ˵ȥɣϵǼˣϵһŮ˵ѻȥˡ
䲻޵ģо书һݣҲ·һ
ȴͻȻ˵ȻҲоȥգо˵ûڿͨİգû书ɡ
İɣһءо˵žʹ򿪷ȥ
о
ߵߣǧСġ
յĲ£˵ǵȵ죬ǵȲǾߡ
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˭û˯ţ۾һֱ»о˭Ҳûл
׵߰ɣһˣСҲߣ뿪
Ƶ£ȥصĹٸɣó̫ӡ֤ݣѰ
ҡͷڿٸΧȥˣһǹȥ
ȥȾҵģҲܶһգһоǻˣҲô죿
׵ɣϵѪԣóе˷֣Ⱦˡ
䣬񷿵žͱ߿ˣǸǿŵС˱˽
д߽ǵΪȾǣСȴΪ˶üӳǡ
һӣɱۣ

78 Ⱦ(2)


׺Ƽ, ȾǰԺ
ԺйŸֵĲɫ¹²΢ϮƮƮȾˮŹ, һʱ˲ںδ
д󺰣Ƶƣ
ͻȻԺĵȫ, ȾҲ, кǰԺ
ľ͸Ҵű𶯣У׺ݵĴ󺰡
ղŻҵһӰ, ǶȾ, ţںڰ
׿ԺеĵֿϵȺ
ƣԺ|ʮ, һ˽, źƵļ϶, ܽȵȺ
á
ŵµʯӣȻͷʮʯ˳ȥ, ԺжʱһƬڰ
ϵȺһɧ, ܶ¡
Ƶƣ
Ժ
зԸ, ѣ
ЩµˣɢԺеĽһصĲ鿴
£ûҵ
۾ѲɳˣȺУҵȺȥңȾз, ܴһطҪҰҳ
ǣ
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˵£ƣҵģңӣҲӳȥмʹץסңҲɱң֮Ҿǡ
У˵ʲôɵءӷתȴ벻ʲôð취ӹһ١
ҵԽԽлޱȣðܵ˺ˡ
ҪҵģҪɱңƣߣͳȥ
ƺͬʱקס䣬ҡͷ
俴еֿԶĲ񷿣ͻȻ˵ȾǲٴһεԶǳ϶кܶӡȾܴȻʱ򲻹ߣǵ书õӳȥĹǹġˮȺ϶ңΪ˻ӳȥЩ˵ĻԹԴŵȾʧֲ֮
׺࿴һۣͷ
һ̣ʮյͬʱˣЦ磬ְϷǻط㣬Ӳģһʱ̣㻹ǲۡ
ơû䣬ǿⷿð˻⣬л˳ԺӵĲ϶˻
ҡͷ룬Ƕ˵˼仰ϻܶ׼ӡ
±˵ȾˣǳԼ˶±գʼ׷ˡ
ң׺ֶȼ˼ӡ
Ⱥ˴󺰣ҵĲƥѽҵǮѽȻѽ
߰ɣԽԽ󣬱Ҫ
ӭŷܿкƻȥ
д󺰣Ұſסˣ
κˮһⴳҲסҲԼ棬Χҿ̫
˳˳ӣͷһǰȥ˿һͷ
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䣬˵ӰԽԽԶˡ
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ʱ콥Ѿаճ
˿첽ţ;һǣƻӽӣǣϣ׷ϡ
׻ͷһãǷǣߡ
ӱޣܡٱ
п˵Ӱиȷˡ
Ȼ˵ıӰ׷һֺ·ϵİԽԽ࣬׷һ֣ͿҪſˣȴԥˡ
ŵؾʶԼΪ֮ھ˼˼ǲܳر߽ŵġ
ۿų˼ţóһ֧Ըˣ֧Ǹˣ
߶ǿķ磬гⱱر߽ĳţл䣬Աߵƴͷţ
Ҫ·ȻУͣ£سŵʿۿſѸվſء
ƴӻͳӪƣ߸߾𣬡ÿ۶Ӫִй񣡡
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žͿһֻ˳ȥֱֱһˡ
׺ȻۣͷһðѪ
ע⵽ߵĶҪ˵Ϳ׶ҡҡͷð֪
һ̣ƶݡס۾һգգעųף΢⻹һһˡ
ϸϸڱߵÿһ˳ıߣΪÿ˶ϸ΢ĿǵˣǶ԰䣬Ƿ˼ġ
ϲ䣬ΪЩʲôأΪԼһЩɥǳףξȰΣ֮УһֱھľıŰ䡣
ͷȥеӰԽԽԶһĽ
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ڵȳ˵ȴͷ΢ʼ˵һ仰ۿ죬ʲô
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ɷ׵ɫͷĺգںڵ촽ǵѪһľ
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𣬱£𡭡
ڳŲסеʶȫɢȥˣֱֱ
£æ˵ǰŴŵ᲻ͣڻȥգŴóӸߵѪ
ôˣôˣĺ¼ˣԼûмģĳףһһ³
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ͲǼԣСĵĽϸϸ˿˵ֲãǲ׷ԭǴ˶
ֻݴһңǣ죬С˵žҪֳ㣬ҡ
ȫˮʲô壬֪ԼһҪǿҪʲôҪ
䣬侲㣬ţǰ˼ңȥ
ͷţԶԣ
Ҷһ
§ųףֻǵͷŻˣ޲ȥ˺˳У֪ԼʲôҲˡ
ףҸ㣬һҪ֣һ취ģôΣôͲܸһξĻأѹԶԭ㡣
ӲͣĲųϺͲϵѪЩڵѪ¡
յ˫̯֫Ұ׵ݣϵ촽ľ
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ǻû˿Ӧ
һᣬҲܣҾ͵˯ˣ㲻˵Ҿ͵ǴӦˡ

79 ж


ĿڴѾ䵭Ѫ, ΪԼԸһĻһֱȫԼԼȻôص˶ûв
ģ㲻, ҾԲġ
䣡
Ƽ˹, , 
ף׿ϼ, ȥ俴ų׺ĺѪ, սȭͷ
ǰиСӣȥ֮취ƽ׷Žֽ, Լ, , ģ̫Ӹ󣬶ûµġ
Сׯ, ÿһ˼, ŵǸ, ŴüĿģƴӻͳһӣģ˭֪·ٷˣ˻ǵҵ, ɷޣ
￴ֿ䣬˵λǴ˼ҵģǲͽɡ
æ˵ôأǸм
ưѳ״Ͽڴϡ
˳ʳкǿԵ㶫ɣͷӸȥ˻û˵һ˿˵ͦصġ
˲ϳԶס֣У
Уеġ
óӣ鷳й
ｫƻȥղŸѾˣ죬ȥ롣
ߺϵͷݸ䣬Ե㶫ɣҿɲչˡ
ţһҲԲ£ɲƵӹͷճھͷͷȥЩˮ²һ
һ߲ȥϺͲϵѪһ˵ҪǴܣ¾ͲˣܸϺȣݵʱҲһ
ǵģҵһҡ
ҡͷҪһȥһҲһҾǸۣΪңҵĴ
ôĴִ̫Ҫģûйϵô롣
䲻˵ḧϳ׵գֲܿƵ
ӣɾˡ
æᣬһӻ׵˽
򵥵Ĵ˿ڣȻҡҡͷλɾ˶ˡҽ֪Ǻֶָνѽ
㣬˵㲻֪Ӳɵöܣܲ٣ú룬ú룿
Ҿ񣬡ΪֻܿЩճⶾķȺţܰһһɡ
˵ϵֽдд±ʣҪš
ܵǰסߣȱߣˣ취
ΪǰʮӦмʶУǿһԡ
˵߾ˡ
²˳٣˵鷳㰴еķץҩ鷳չһ£ȥС
һסߵÿ죬ȥУȥץҩ
˵ֱӾͳš
Ҳϵķ˳ȥ
ץҩҩȻҩǰҨһ׷ߴһȻ͵
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˳ĬƬ̺һ˵˵ڱңһλҽҲܽⶾ
ģվʵ
ƺһĵط˵ļѩλҽ˵Ѿܾûгֹˣ֪ǻ
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иߣ˵ֳҪھߣȥλҽ
ü֪ҾûмǣΣΣգֻ˵ȥ̽һ
תͷϵĳףӽ賿ڣһˣ˶ûѹúһ̾ʹıϢõӦòͨĶΪľء
һȥµȲˣıץˣ㾡Լӡһ£˵ˣ֪㲻ӵģҲûִЩĻزȥˣ±ӣҵţ㡣
ĺƣֻʣһ뷨ײֻҪţԼҲУˣԼȥҲá
ƣмҲԼһķû书Ҳһܾȳס
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ҹ߰ɣµŲסòã
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˵žܳȥҩӿʼҩ
ƿű߿ҩͣĴŻϸĽҩװˮСȷеĸܵ˳ڰожҪ˵ĽǼʣ룬ԼⱲûˡ
ת׽Ž
ȥʹ뿪
ϣһֱ׽§ڻͣĴıϢÿζǺµģ֪ԼŵʲôʱʧǽţǺ£û˺¹ԼڼɽҪˣҲûô¹
ҹѾˣڿտĻ·ֻһʻš
ų׵
ͻȻůůģƺʲôĦ
䡣ᵽУ׼ȷĲ׽ˣǸ·ָ
Ȼѣӳеһ˫۾ƺҪ
¡δ˵Ѿģ
׸գԲܿˣûչ˺㡣
ҡͷûУûСңҲá
ĨȥᣬЦЦɵѾͷǲŵˣ£ôأһء
ǻع˵
ЦȴǣȳѪæΪȥǵѪ𶯣𶯣ȥҽⶾ
״ź󱳵ľʹ˵䣬˵ƶģҡǾͱعˣԶ߸߷ɡ
ûŵָɡն˵Ļֻúûţ

80 


˵ʲôأղŻ˵ҪҸ, ôת۾ҺͰֳԶ߸߷ɣ㡭ô֪ܲ׵˼ңҲ˵, ˵, ھͰ
Ŭ, ׻䣬ʵڲԸ߰, ⶾƵĲ븯, ǰԣȡǼ̶
ҪЯĹԪɥȪ, ɹԪǻס, ܽⶾ, ֲ˶õġ
ҲãȥҲá𣬱۾, , , ˯һᡣ
ûһۣԼ֪Ȱ˵䲻ΪģʱΪϲ˱ˣҲͦá
úã˯һ, ģһ취ġ丧գϸ̺ӣųЦˣ룬ҲǸеҩЩãóѹˡ
һӿ˯ˡ
ۣѾˣΧֵģƿ⿴»ص˱ҡ
ͣƿʵˣǺ˳ûǵĻӦǰȫģ˰ɣǳԵ㶫ٸ·
ҪŲ壬˫ȻͷȥԭԼ׵ͷԼϣ˯һҹ
ƿ̹Ҫƿףնһ£׾üͷƺܲԸӡ
𶯣ֳ𶯣˯һЩҲȥԣһˣö
ƻ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵ڣת뿪
Ѿľˣֱ֮ͷҧסһᣬʹйȥ
óˮңһҩЩͺڿУˣһ׶ɽȥ
ȴʱִȵĺܲѰæһ³׵Ķͷ̡
£¡
ƺܿƿӣͰӵݹ䣬ȳһЩչ˵°ɡ
ֳ̣ô죿
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ҹҪһֱҹ𣿵ڻʲô취쿴Ƶͷ
ּʻˣУ׿ȳһѪ۾һ䣬ʹ̣İбߣüͷ˫ۣ˿ɢңɫ԰ף۹ϣһתͷͷԼŰȣ֪ƶˡ
þȫСĵĲѰ䣬ŲԼ塣
˯ıͲȣ˹
ʶĸæ۾
ϵӿһ࣬վһЩʧȥ֪һҲվסεץסľҧһʧ
͵͵ţʵڲģתᡣ
׶ˣæùһֻˮңһ£ãû
ߣ£𣿡
ײ˵һĽͷؿڡ
ȵɣڷգԶǲеģǻҪߵҽסĵط׵ιࡣ
ױƣסԼϵ֣䣬ǻص۶òã
֪̫ҽһа취㣬̫Զˣʮ·̣»ûߵѾģǼҽͺˡĸͷ
죬̫ˣڲǳһʱͿԵ£Ԫҩֻ졣οðЩνĿ࣬Լǵ
ʧȥ֮˵ĸоʲô̫ˣһðһΣϰ
˺ģȭͷþȫ֧Լ
æǰȥ
бϣ˵䣬ָʹлҪ˵
úá
ƿơ
Ҹ׵λãͣһۿѵĳף˵ĺ£ˣ̫ˡ
ָʹߣлҪ˵
뽲
΢ȭͷҧ˺³֣֪䣬ҴûϲҪϲ͸㡣
⣬㡭е£ûͷûԵ˵ʲô˵⻰һҲţһ·Լһĵġ
סŵĿųףţ˵ÿţһ෢¶Ŀôţ
ȥ֣ǲǾԼ˲˵Ļ
ľİ侹Ȼ˵ˡ
Ȼ˦Լ֣ӻͳǸտյĹԪƿӣһۣͷ˵֪ԼеĶǲ븯нҩѾùˣˣǲ÷˼ȥҽġ
֪ΪηҪ㻹ֻҶˣͲϲˣҲΣǡϲ㣬ϣǻԶ߸߷ɣ˵ǻҪлҲǡ
ڻع·Ϸ뿪˭֪ҾȻ˵Ĳ˳жҲǶҾľˣȻѾˣҲټչңǷ㣬ԼѰջվͻص۶ȥľȥİɡ
ףղ˵ЩΪʲôϿң
˫ְң㿴ң˵һ飡㲻ϲˣˡ
̧еˮʹѣ촽ѾҧѪѪζֻ֪ԼŲΪԼܡ
ȴһ仰˵
ϲ㣬ϲ㣬ǰڻʺϼĵһϲ㣬˵ò˵ŻȻǺþմϲãֻۣ
ֻͻȻˣңȢξ޲öȫµ˱ҵģϲ㣬Ľ㣬˵ϲˣΪʲô
ûΪʲôұǸˣϲѦ񣬽ϲ㣬ղȥϲļأ˾ˣûΪʲôÿ˵һ֣Լһѵ
£ʵڿȥˣʲôȻĳǹƿ䡣
˵ˣ˰ġ
˵᲻ͣΪȥᣬ̧̧ͣصסȭͷ
˵ĶѾ˵ˣСӻ˵ʲô
קŵ˵Ļһҹ·ˣȥڳϢһ𣿡
ѽһҹδߣûϢҵĲᣬȴ̧ŵʱסˣҪȥ
ȥ׵
伫壡Ƶ
̾˿Ȼˣ˵伫бûеȥҲһˡ
ͳͬʱǰ˵Ļ˵ȥɣһؽ˾ѩȥơ
ֻû뵽Ҫȥˣȴ˵¡
ͷȥڳϣܿͶ
֧ŲסббͷζŻţҷ̫Ƹæ
ɫѪմȾ϶ǣưɾ£Ǻαأο˵ƭ䡣
һקסƣͻȻǰǰһ̣Ҳק
ƣ߰ɣǾȲҵġ
ЦǰԼͰһػһȴ߰䡣
ùеҩƿҿҩǽҩɡ
ǻסĹԪֻնĹЧȥ伫ȴҪգһ֪ǸҽڲڣڰˣҲðˣǸֵиľӣѰ佻ҾͷˣƣǷģţر㡣
ͻȻЦ֪Ϊ˾㣬ΪҹҴҽⶾҲ˵һĻ

81 伫


ɬ, һл䣬ҰɣҲһЩ
䲻, Ѿȹκκ, , Ҳ޲±ٸ˺𣿵ĻˣٺúõĻ𣿡Ĳ֪﾿Щʲô, Ȼôϲ, οҪ˵ôݵĻ
ƿһԵˮң򿪿һۣ£ȵ, ʹֻܻҲ𵱶ˮҵݹȥֱӷڳ׵ߡ
ߺ, Ʊ˵, Ҷû˵Լϲ˵ˡ
Լһֱ˵ģֻ˵׺ˮҿ, , , Ҳðߺ󣬱ôܡ
Ǳˡ˵Ԫֻάã취˵ž˳ȥٵʻ
ƽʻһĵطƥ, 䵽á
ڹսǴͳһξ룬Ҳ˵
ɿʻһֱֿһģƥձݽȥһ˿ϢĿʼ˸·
ԽԽ䣬ʶģԪЧҪˣѾߡ
תͷһ䣬ס˫ϥͷһ֪˯˻š
󵨵ĿƬ̵İүȴԸĿڴȻʹѹסѪĳ嶯۳һͷǰһпʼģѹƲסһѪ˳˹ȥ
ѵһۿµѪһ
£ôˣ
ȥǵѪգóװҩˮңι
ȴڲͣĿݣͣ˫§Լ壬һĶͷˡ
֪巢գ˻䣬æߣĹκָ̫ߴ󣬸ʲôá
Լϵ£ϣȻȥܸů;ů
䣬䡭Եĳﺰ֣뿪ҡ
գڣ˵ϲˣҲʱ뿪㡣
䣬䡭Ժг׽ץס֡
ţס֣˵ôĻѹûţΪʱ˿̣뵽ȫĺãȷ֪ԼֻԼκδۡ
ʱͣˣƸ˵ƿȴͳһıš
һ紵˸£ʵֳôˣ
Ʊͷȥٶȣǰһϵ伫塣
ϲŵããһƬ·ڵһ·д伫֡
ǿȥҽסɡ
æϵݸ䣬ҿ·ڵˣ䣬·ϡ
ȴָϣ棬䣬һȥ˴¾ͺãǻǸϿѯҽɡ
һѽƽúչ˵£·ʡ
ܿ伫壬˺Ӻͺµݽæ׸ϣִ£
ֳ㲻߲ݵĸ·ȥϢһ£·ʡ
ƴʱȷʵҲЩŲסˣûпá
úޣ伫ʻ·һҩ̵ʱ³ܽҩ̡
ƹģ¡
ƹһŮʮ㣬ǿЩǱţ֬δʩɫЩ̫á
Сǲǲˣ
ǣҡͷǲλܽٶҽ
ƹüͷôһλþöûˣҴƢŹ֣еĶ⡣
˵˵ôҵ
ƹָһѩɽסѩɽϣܾûˣܶ˶˵ԼԶѾˡ
ˣ϶ģţȻ˾ͱضҪȥһġ
л
صϣѩǱʻѩɽ£ŷ֣ϲȥڳ׻ԣ߲ˣƿ۵Ѿ˯ŵƣʵڲ鷳
ѩɽϿȥããһƬʲôӡƱų̫ˣȥңҵٻʡʱҲʡƵ
ܾôˣһ˿һżģ˩һƥһƥصֵĽֵϣ˸ӣҪֽͱʣд˸ֻҴҵѩɽ
ѩɽȴôףܿȺЬ඼ʪ͸ˣ紵ϣеĵطƽеĵطֹͣһܿԳЦЦԭˤѩϲôء˿ҲЩｹ׵һֱԺУϧģЦŵģ࿴ģΪжʹŤġ
ǳһ㣬ֻһڲûʱ򣬴˿Ҳûѩ̫
ɽͻȻһС·ע⣬ʯף¶·ŲȥߵС·ϡ
ԭͨѩɽϵ·汿˰ѩɽҵɽ·ͺðˣһҲױ
ʼϽݣһҲЪϢڽݵľͷȻһԺ䣬ȥߵš
ţţˣҽȾˡ
˰ȴţĪǣˣ˲˸ʯͷһһ¿ʼš
ͻȻͿˣһӴվ档
һ˲ҪǮš
ŵǱҿ
˱ܲͷȴڿ˲Ц⣬λӣʲô£
ҽҽˣȾҵķ˵㲻ǺĶ⣬ҷֵǲ븯ǺܺĶ
µ֪飬ȴβ˵ȻŻⶾܲܽ⻹ÿˣһɹһԣҽҪСӴӦһ¡
ʲô£
ЦСӱţһһġ
أʲô᲻øġ
ãҴӦ㣬ֻҪܾҾʹӦ㡣
ǰ˵ͷ⿴һۣأ
æ˵ˣɽ£ҽԵƬ̡
˵һ̵ɽ
Ѻ󣬿ֽﵣģȴ벻ΧתȦȦʱԶԶĺֳҵˡ
Ц˵ҵǸҽˣҽ˵һԡ
Ҳ¶˾ΥЦ׾ɽȥ
վſڵǣƿе㲻̫ţ䣬ôôᣬߣƭ˵İɡ
Ҳüղ̫ļû뵽⣬ڶѾˣҽɡ
˱ȥڵһ᷿û俪ڣҽȿ˿ڡ
³ףҽ̧ͷǣʲôݣ븯ɲһеģҵ֪ԼȵʮĻˣǱȺĺ˰ɡ
ĴӻͳӪƽǵ۶Ӫģִܹ񣬲ϸ֪˧ȷǱ
ҽùϸ˿ͷŵǸ涫ˣⶾҲҽⶾԭ򡣾ⶾ÷Ѳٹ򣬶ﻹȱҩҪҽⶾҲǲԣǵԼҩȻ˿䣬ˣСӸղŻӦҼ£ҩȶִӦ飬ⶾŽˡ

82 üѪ


ʵ, Ӧʲô
ҡҡͷû˵
û˵ҲҴӦЩ
ҽֿףλү˼Ƿ, ôλСӡ
̴, ҽвɺ˵
úú, ˵ͷҲԸ¡
ƶһ, , ӵģôԳͷء
ҽδɻ飬ǿ䣬СҼűµ˶, Դһָּ߽㵭Ȼ, Ҫһ
ǲҸ, ܾҷˣ
ҽüͷ
ãҪʲôȥҪҵҲȥ˿ԥ
, 㡭̲ס
, Ǿ˵, ɲɱ˵ģҪĶɥֻܾûôˡ
ᶨ˵ұҲԼжֻҪܾʲôϵ
ҽɫһ䣬ﶼƫĵ, ÿĶȻһͷҲ뿴ԼƵӣС˵Υ֮԰ɡ
ΥĵĻұǶ֮ˣıģѾˣΨһԸǾôΣҲҾһˡ
ҽ΢̣ѽҪľᶨἺĹƶ
ʵҪҰƶҩˣ
Ҳҩں|еڻǺˣĹƶǶҩ޺û֮֡
ʵ㾿Ҫʲô
ҪλСӵüѪÿһΣա
üѪǾҪõӻü䣬Ȼǻݵַ
ãҴӦ㣬ɷھͿʼҷ
ҽףȻ
ڴߣƬ̣Ȼ˵˲븯ܻôã漣ЩҩסԼȥѩɽѩɡ
ȥƶҽҾ¼ʶǳ֪ѩʲôģҽ֪
λСӵķϣҾ͸ʡɣѩҷ졢ʯУɫšֻڶ࣬ȻѾǶӣʵļҪҵʵףҲҲΪ
ƶһۣ˫˫񣬡лҽ
תȥҽЦ䣬߰ɣӽտʼȡüѪ
ĵüʱĿҽͻȻ˿ڴɫҺ壬޷ʶȴޱѣǧֻֻϴ˿ڴʹֶãֲ˵ֻţһ˫۾ҽ
üѪҪȡԡ
䣬ֻȫѪҺ࣬üͷӿȥ
ĴлʹҽüһȦ漴ָ֪
ƿǵüѪ͸ĺ죬Ǳʯһ㡣
Եĺҩѽҽ̾
ҽĹƶǺôͷ
һֺõõüѪԻἤж֮һ棬޶ȵĶԼĴ°ûڣԾ
Ⲣá
СӴˣʱ򻹲֪ʲôǣǷǶԴǿɱҽЦЦȻüѪһô
ʲôô
פյСѾͷ浱ǲѾ֮ˡ
ԾĿժ߸ҿ
Уµݳªפյ˵üѪʵףѾûҵŮӣƺ˵ҩ£㷽ܼò
ЦˣҽòѩɽֲˣҪפյá
˭˵ҲȥģƺפյͳһԶš
䲻ѯʣȥչ˳ףȴҽסСѾͷ֪븯Ҫô⣿
һЦôҽΪ𣿡
ҽҡҡͷǼ˴üѪ̰ˣ븯ҩͨ尾ҩҪΪ֮ҩɽ˶
侹Ȼ飿
ʵⶾķͼһʱ棬û뵽ȴ˳ȥķѽҲֻ֪ⶾôȴȫ֪ν⡣
֣񣬡ҽľ֮նӿȪ౨
ʲôüѪң͵ǱˣҸŶȡѪ˿ڿǺò˵ģԶһʺİ̺ۡ
޷Ѿ׼ˣȰֳҽҩɡ
ҽƲƲ죬ɵѾͷΪôҵҩͻһһҹϼһʹ飬絶ʣѽ
ʹ飿ЦЦļʹ飬޷Ǿǰ޷ǾǶʧ٣޷Ǿǳ״˴жס
ǴӴ˺彫ҸȡüѪʱѾˣ㱾˴ǵҪ
޷촽жǼ㣬ôΣһλһĻһ׬ˡ˵ЦЦҽ򲻿ɽĴ۸߸Ҳֳ֪֪߰ɡ
֪֪֪ô˵˵Ҳȹˣܶ඾ҩҩͷѪ˶Ҫôһѽ˶࣬ҲܿϷѾ˼ҵģᶨ˰ɡ
䲻˵һת׷ȥ
ĶͷѾ֣ƺӼᶨ
ҹûлĽޱȣһֱԺڣңЩʹԼܣܺӢһиǿ书ǲһжͬˡ
СѾͷվҲã廹Ҫҩҿɲˡ
û£˯Ҳ˯ţš
ҽ̾Ҫת뿪Ϳȥ
СѾͷôˣҵһҩףɵúúûء
㿴ָԶʯϵӰǰֳˣһ࣬ȥӭ
Сߣ·ˣѪհ߰ߣǱΪժȡѩǷ˲ٹ
ǰסֳû°ɡ
ƿðײסͷʵ䣬⡭
û£ֻȡüѪ
ζӳ£ӻСĵóѩû£ѩҽȵ°ɡ
ҽеѩ۾һҵˣȻƷûжĺãҩ˵Ʒʵǿֲⲻ㡣
ɻ󣬡ҽ֪˧Ʒ
ҽ˵ѩȻǶżСѾͷϣҾҹƽҩˣүˣȥϢɡ
ҲشƵĻ˵ȥϢɣ߲ݸҹѰѩιҩּ򵥵飬ͺˡ
Ҳ֧Ųסˣͷ丧ȥ
ٺƣҽҩĵطҩģš
ҽյüѪҪȡ
գȡüѪʱ򣬷ʹʱ򡣡

83 ⶾ


ʱ, ҽҩ˸䣬ҩɵ˺ǲģҪá
ЦЦ㲻˵涾඼, ûʲôȫķӡ, ҩһ
㻹һ㶼ûԥҽóһϸڳƿ, 档
Ӳһߵҩգƿ, Գ˶, ԼҲΪģҲŷ֣һеǿͷеҩ
һطˣ˾͸, ҩѾι, , Ϣһ졣
ȥɣʱȥȡüѪ
䲽ɺ߽Уû, ԺоͲƵǰĺܶ, ǿԼȥһЩõĳ, һϱϣǰܵίֵо׶Į飬Ǹҹһµڴѩ, ʹˣȻڴƿС
˵ֿڵϣЩһһԺݡ
ǰĺޣһһεĿ̻ţԽԽ벻ףΪʲôĳ׻˵ĲͬǰЩƺŭпЩ̣ƺĮпһЩ飬ǿЦԭһ˵ʱ򣬼Ҳǻƭ˵ġ
˶ֵǸҹϧǰˣʱǰɾվųįӰ
˵оԴͶԴϵţһ˲Ҳһ仰
ļȻӿЩȹԼƬμ´ʱһԵУĲǻϲȴޱȵĿɬ֡
ѾͷҽŶ룬æӵϰɵ㻺һ¡
ѾڶڻЩʱʱƺر죬Ĵƿݹȥ𣿡
ҽҡһҡŰ죬ѾˡȻˣҸЩҩúϢһ¡
óһСƿȡҩι˽ȥ
ʹļ佥ɢȥ֮ĸܶƽۣ۾
ҽȡüѪţ˳ȥ
Ŵƿ˳׵Ĵǰȡһӣ죬ĵطЩһһĹ˽ȥιһЩ֪Һ塣
ѽиںԼá
ӳ׷гͿվԺС
ҽôˣ
˵֣˧ӣжֲѾͷ
ӱ͵Դ˧жٳԶֺϢ϶֧Ųסġ
ҽһķ䣬ͱȥˣúϢɡ˧Ѿ˽ҩӦþͻˡ
ƵȻˣҲϢˣҽʲôҪҰæģ
𣿡
һ£ҡҡͷ
ҽĿһۣȥɽ¶ЩóԵ춼Ҫˡ
Цˣá
ڶ죬һˣͬʱˡ
ĵһ£ȥף֪ⶾˣ͸оͷ̣ȥˣۣƺƤۣӰ֣ʱʱޣܣȴһֱ
۾ΧİĻ˺ð죬û𣿻Ҫµؾͼһİ˽˴ʵߣκԼ졣
λɾˣ
Ǹ¾𣿡ȴͷĺܡ
ҽ˹ȥһ࣬㼸ûԶˣˡ
װӹȥڣ˿пһŮӺһ𣿡
ҽһüûɽ¼㡣
롰ॡһˤ˵ϣҲǣҸǵģҡ
ѽǲţû˼ϵ룬ڸڷϢҿҪ㣬һ仯ɱҾȵ㣬ǧ鷳
ҽ˵žͳš
ſԱߵķȥ
űƿˣһ۾ͿڴϵˣͷϲһȦײ
ܹȥĴߣỽ䡣
ЩۣϤ۾׵ʱۿһӾʪˣ£ˣ
ЦţᣬͷҺˣǰ䣬ͷϵİײôˣ
˸ģҺܺáһ֪ҪʲôüѪòΪѾıˡ
ƭң䣬ҿ˵ȥȡŵİײ
Ѿͷǵˡҽƿƿ޹˽һۿ׵˵ԼԸģҿûбȣаĶҽġ
üˣˣôԵһҺܶ඾һһģЩ಻мָֻܾмдıʹһҲûΪԼþȵİֿġ
˵öˣЩҪͷѪĶ֪˶ٱ˶ţ֪ɡ
ϵƿƿ޹ޣʼͷϵİײ㿴üһɫ̺ۣ˵λ˧ү㲻Ϊ̺۾˰ɡ
üһ죬һѪʵô£
㲻Ҫֻ֪Ҫ֪Ϊ˾Ľ鷳ȥҪʼȡüѪˡ
̵ǰȵȣôأȻҵĶѾˣҲۡ
ͷһůһ˵ںһŮӵòİˡ
ҽļ򣬡ķ˻ûаװ׳ԿһҪŮӵüѪһˣȥţҡ
û£ģҺҽ֮ĳŵǲΥģս˶ӻȥϢɡ
ҽһѽȥ˷ţصߣ꣬Ҳû׾ҵϣЩۣصġ
лҽ£û
ʶѾͷ㣬Ҳܿģ۾ɣҪʼȡüѪˡ
֮ļ죬ҽÿ춼ȡüѪҲָʼԺû̵СԺ䣬̻Ϣ
ܿȥҽȴЩ᲻ǣ˸仹ҪյĽڣֶǼ졣
ߵͷһ죬״ѩɽϡ
䣬˵Ҫļѩĵؽ磬û뵽ȴˡ
俴۵İɫڰããУ̧ͷգһ־ܴһ㣬µ壬ѩɫӨżĵطͬ͸
ãо˵Сںߣ󺣵Ĺһҵʱ룬ĵطжã񿴼룬һֱҲͦõģƺȫֻʣҡ
ײ˵ֻǽ§ס䣬֪ڰУʼղϲŲ£жˣҲˣţҪȥֻع
䣬ƽϲϲߣÿסЩʱտɺã
ϣһ˳ƽɣʵֺγ֪׵УʼջǹɳİգûлɹܳΪһõľԼôΪһ˽ðʧȥһλԼǴˡ
֪һôһġЦЦ

84 


Ѿ, ҽҲκɣߵ죬Ųһһſڵ, Ĳ, ˵ŴӴ˱İ·, ȴǿڻϣð, , Զˣų嵽ſڣԶԶȥӰȫį
Ҳ, Ҳƺפյ, ɽȥˡ
һ·伫ʯȥ, ȳҵо»ǣȴ֣Խߵĵط, Խǻ, ʱ龰Ȼͬ
, һ£˶ȥ
ѽİɣɳ򱱵ңİնȥˣҲ߰ɡ
￩һ£, Ǻ̸Ķ˳ȥˣ
øŶȥӦ˳ġ
üͷ˵ǻܻȥǷǰ̸ģȴû뵽Ȼսˡ
ǵ´ΰ죿
׿һ䣬в̣һ·Ѿ˲ٿࡣ
俴׵˼˵û£ھƽϢսҪУҪҵоǡ
о»Ҳ֪ǻںδ˻ţҲֵǡ
пǳиùǿ»ʱ뿪ңóȻȥ˸ʯ򣬻Χ
ֻϣ˰ȻͲûټһ죬Ҳֻнȫˣؾ۵ʱ
£Ҹջٺãĩȥ¡
á
˼ҿջסջ壬ƹĵȣҲ˼ˡ˵ž԰쵽᷿
Ƽһ¾ͳȥϢ׿䣬⼸ɽϣѾϰüĺۣɽǶǴۿ˵䲢û¶ʲôãȴζ
ḽ˿ڣ䣬һ£ܿ
һ㣬˻һ֬һֻϸϸëʡ
ͭǰ棬ǰһü˺ۣ䣬Ϊܿˣһỹһݡ
֬ϸëմˮ˦ȥˮ԰üĺΪģСĻƬꡣ
һǰǰװѩһĨ죬ĽӲ屧ڻУεʹ飻ڶϦҹԼͬһ̻ɬӣԼ´ָʹ˽ϣԼж㲵ӡ
ɣѾ
ʼգչ˺ǰǽݺʧȥˣΣΪ˾ԼȡüѪۡ
ԼôŬ˺һ䣬޷ȥ
ȭͷΣһܱð䲻ܵκ˺
±ʣվ󣬷ļ򣬿ͭ䣬κˣκζЩ챦жȲÿ춼Ϊ㻭ü仨ꡣ
ھ￴Ƭ꣬ĻҲˣޱůޱҫۡ
š
뿪˵ף
£̧ۿüһ£˵˴¦񽫾ǰ򱱵ңǣɱǰ׵ʹߣҲ̫ӵ
һбضΪ˶Ѿˣ򱱵ʤˣض̳еλҲǣ񲻵òˣϾˣʵĴˡ
ƣսξϵ¦Ͻ
£أտ಻ԣӵز¦Ͻҿ취Ͻһ棬̫ڵϢ֪
ãȥ¦Ͻȥӡ
һ£Ҳͭǰ
ǻŲͨѹ֤𣿡Ʋ⡣
ģȻⳡսңӼҾͺͿһǰͲҳֵģڱһʹȫĵط
ΪʾԼ϶ƴȫ뱱սսʿʱ˵ܵս֮޴ԤƣսҶ𣬵ȻҪ
Ҿ񣬡´壬ĩȥ¦
ȡЯ彻ƣдһţָʹ֮ǰӵɡ¦Ҳδ˵ĻöŽ¦ʱ˳Ǻֹͣⳡսҡ
ĩ
ȥǰ䣬Ҫȥһʹˡ
䲻˵ɵĵͷڳؿڣоرİȡ
һһҹ·һʹǰعŵƽϲʱھӪмʮֿɾʱĹţû򽫾СӢʿˡ
һ£û뵽ΪӻץԼʹ֪ԼѾˡ
СӢɾҪߣȥǡ
һ䣬ȤɾĪȥ˵ʱ˸˻ɾȻ۹ⲻֲСϡ
˵ʱж࿴伸ۡ
׵ǰɫһס֮ȥ
ߵʱǡôӷгһ۾Ϳˡ
ԹʱһĨ֮⣬ܿƽ
ߵ׽ǰЦ˵ɾɳ̫ӵ£ǲû뵽ԼΪλⱱҵĻʹȥ磿
׿Ӳ˵
ӿЦҺҩգĺҲ֪㲢ûк֮ģҵϣܻͬҽݺԭģӰܻҵǰӣΪЧ
û죬͵õԭɳ̫ӵϢ֪һжļƻˡұʹ̽ؽȴû뵽á
һжҪˣܻҺܿġҡͷЦЦǿЦʱӳȥȻΪ𣿡
Ȼ̾ѽȥȥģұͲʲôϣֺ֧ˡ
֪ûùҩЧһͲǵڼ飬ԣ֪Լʹʲôʲô
ĸԸģӴԽҽȥƽϢⳡսҡ
ӹЦΪС˶ףڿǲˡֵ֪ΪУҲʹ֮¡ңҴͲԸ㽻ʲôҼǵ˵뽻ѣ⻰ɻ
ͷһȣȻ
ǰ§ס׵ļ򣬡ߣҺһ
§ŵĳͻȻԼǲʲôˣǲѹͲӦõԼݱ¶󣬱ڱңһùֱӸ߸ԼݣǲҲõӵţԼҲжҲᱻȡüѪ
תһ룬ӵʱԻڴӦʵ֮£Լߣоûл׷ɱԼûսҲû֮Լ٣ûӶ֮³׵ʧ
һȦǵýеڴˣ˷Ǻ󣬲ŷֶתתֻˣΡ

85 

Ըþ, ļ򣬿һԵʵǸСܰɣֲÿ޵һͿҪҪڰӺ, ɣ
, ֣ؽ, ӣҵ̫
, ̫, Ѿ֪ˡһ·˲ٿ࣬ǴֲµҲûڵס˵ݣֺҪմñˣѽ, ˿ȥ, ʲô뷨ɡ
Ҿ, Ȼ
ִЦףŶ, ̫㻹ǲ, , Ⱦơ
ƹѲ׵ӣȻˣƽϢսңգ˻ȥУ, ˵ҲǱ̫ƽ
ӷ¾ƱȻˣͶհɣһȥɡ
üӲҵӰɡ
󳨵ıҹţеֵ壬ѲΪ˸棿
Ҳǲ㣬ǲɳȥˣսҲָͣΣ
֮ǰ뵽飬ٴʱ벻ֻβһˣ֮ǰδսңƽ׳Ӿǳ裬սҼΪƽϢսңͶ׳١
ǰߣʹƽɳҲᱻ˴ǡߣΪΪȡ塣
еνϵ¡
ӣвţдΪѾˣɱģôһ֮˻дţ
һ˵ǳɱ㣿
뿪⵽е׷ɱ亱֮ɱңҵиӣ
ȭԴȻУҲǡͻȻһĴȣ˵ǰǿȷʵûǧ֤Ҳ
̲ס̫Σˣкпܵüɱ
֣ʾģǹľӣ˵ǼٵĵɱҲǲɡƬְ̣취ҴӦ㡣
£ס䡣
䣬㲻õģаš׻ͷӣӣһ׼ɣǾҵˣᱣƽȻⳡսҶҶȻ𵽵ס
ཱུ˵ⳡսҾǳ˱߽յԴԼе
䣬ҲɱʣȴҶΪ˵ңʹвǽűɱҵͷսΪɳĴҲӦƽϢⳡսҡĸǰ鷢
ԳǲǸĻµĺþûлɹͷֻǣҺܵġ
İɣ˵һð̫߱ӵģңɳ̫˫ȫԶļȻù
ЦЦ䣬ҪңҲΪĵġ
㷹ɫŮ˴Ϥ᷿
δ߽ԶԶͿվſڣһֶһ̸ɣһֶźЩˮɾɳ̫ӣ˵ǻˣҡԵЩ˼
ˣɣտû򻨲дˡЦ߹ȥӵĸ첲ͽ˷š
վſڣܲѺõĿӣָ˵һ·ֱȥȾƣڵЩˡ
Ǵ˽ĵģ֪ӺѦͬǸùӺԵҲԴܸ֮оƣӣ֮ǰеƣ벻ͬθƣ룬ŰۣȻϣԵš
ɳңִӱΪ˾ԼѩɽȡüѪͲǿ׳壬ڸˡ
˵˵ȥԼһֱĻȴһһܵ˺
ͻȻԸ˵ĻԻ鲻ǿǿˡ
֮ǰ⻰мһˣڻȴЩˡ
ǣҸӷ̸ɺˮҪȥȴס֪ҽѣȷʵҲЩˣҽɳĵ
ЦЦоӨͷС󣬸͸ңԵŮӶһ㣬һûнأֻ㣬ҸоƽȶԴġ
ԺҲɳңҲ㣬ӣѡ
һ±ס䣬Ҿѧĵ̲ңͲߡ
ıá
·׵ʱ˶ٽŲɾͲϲˣ㲻úõĶԴ̫ҾͰߡ
׿ЦãһСѾͷʲôҲκģ䣬֮Ҳ
߳ţ߽ţǼһ£ûҵ̫ôһĹҲϲҵİ䡣
ǸŮӣСܾ˳谮ûܹίĵصǰֽһ㣬ϣҵһɾƽƽȹһ
䣬ġ̸ι𣿡
̧ͷЦ𡣡
¸˲䣬׾ĴϸĴĦţ̸ϣҲûбˡ
̰ԵСͣϵ˿ݣ̽ѰţʧأַݣŴգҲ̸ɣ䣬Ǽûмĺ𣿡
龰ɫһ죬ĵͷָ˵¡
һӣϨ𣬸ķޣҵİ䣬֪ôϧ㣬κκ˶Ҫϧ֪Ҷôʧȥ㣬κκ¶£ϣƽ˳졣
жһ˫۾ǰˣȴͻȻ˼£һתϣ˵ˣðֳߡ
ͷȥװӡ
Ǽٵġ̽ʱΪԼӡ
Ͱøˣ˵ҵǸˡ
Щżʱ龰зɬ䣬һţȻϣߣһ㣬ǰģҡҵϣˣȻĶȹ
ЦĬΣ˵ҵ㣬ƫƫξҲˣԼıġ
ǰΣΣƺʲôνģѾȫǰˣֺοƽǰ
䣬һֱ
˫ͷ첲֧ڴϣҶôϣһжǿ԰ȵһ
еûʧǰǽǹȥڡ
ӭ񣬡ҵϣṆ̀ԶЩ÷Ҳñҹ£Сһ
Ķͷ˸§ڻУĺ󱳣˵±ӣ˭Ҷҵ㣬ȥȥĵط
ͷ˸ⱲӣЩ£ұˣ޷
ԵĻԽԽĳڶߣж֮ļЩ֪֮ǷΪҺɳսˣŻˣˣ˴ǸֲĻᣬҪץס򣬽Ḷ޷ԤƵĴۡ 
䴹˵Ҳ˵ĻҪ֮ˣͱλԵĻԸȫţô·òˡ
ǰ·ã˸£Ĵϣֶ·ԸӵߣҲԺ˯ˡ

86 ˱

ʱ, û췿ţպôšסߵŵͣڰճٳûж
俴ģݸһЦ, 򽫾, ǡСܡѽ
, ǣŶ, ̫ӿйɫ̫
΢΢һЦ
´һ, Ȼ鴫
Ѿ˵̫ྪ޵Ļˣ˵׼䲻ĻǾסˡ
ܿͻع̫, СӢأ
ɾȻɳˡ
ʧ, Ϊ, Ҳ֪һ
䣬˭򵥴·, ˹, ǰѽ, þò
򹧾񣬡̫ӣսӪ
׵ͷáʱ仹ɣȵһᣬһмû
˳ȥ, ſڡ
ͭǰϸϸȥѾЩ´֬ëʻ˵ˣÿҪΪ㻭üһʳԡ
ʴͣסĸ첲¡֪Ե˵ľһǳףƺԼĲһжЩıˣͱжΪҪһ뿪ᷢж£Ҳ˵Լ޷ܷ֮ءˣǰգػһ飬ԾһδԵòġ
ҵƽ
ģ֪֣üջıոÿˡ
±ʣſȥδıӰ
ߵſڣ׻תһЦݣţȥ
ҵѾɪɪǽƺ޷磬ո߹ңӳڳɫս⡣
еؿŶĶ飬ЩĶıǲʱ⣬˼ʮĴ϶ܹ̤ƽңʱսԼ֮λضֿɵá
ЩԶ۾жһλ׵Ľȴݣλ
򽫾뵥𣿡
ǣǵ¦ϽӦս򺰵
αװС¦ߣŶɫս׵ĳףקһ¦ǣ¦ͷƸʹ˸ɫ
¦Ӧã
޻ûͼס¦񣬿Ŷİ򺰵¦Ͻսսģߵĸͬλ½桱
һߵĳף׵ͷ
򺰵ãͻһĸӮˣ¦Ͻǰս
ޣӺν˵ѽͿûˡ
䣬ߵ˾ͼǰһȥȴסԼ˵ңˡһĳ|ǹ˳ȥ
ȻǳеĹȣҲûʲôùϢģȽһλҲһ¡
|ǹգֱֱ⸱˹
ʶ׵ģڿ׵ʱȲѣԼ¸Ķɱ̫ӣΪλ
㶵һ˲䣬׺ֱֱĿñ
ҾӼ˻жһô˵кЩϤֻſñŹ⣬壬ܿ죬ֱԼ
ˣĽ״״ʱóзԼǰɳԶһЩ
һó|ǹһóһ𣬵ܿ죬Ҿͷ֣ǸԲУг䣬ȴ׷ʰ𳤽⸱ĸ첲ֱĺ
ʶŽڰ䲱ϣҲ׷ǲţöǽҪ
Ĺۣǰ˭վ㵱׹ȥ˵
Ǹ˵ʲôȴûᣬһ̴ĺһ˫۾ų׻صҾеıӰĿ
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¦ǰȴ棬̵
¦۾գգ˵̫ӱڱңľͿһ£һ뷨ԼŮô죿ǲҪڻʺˣӴ˺ôϲԸǸþɳ֣ضսꡣ
ھУƸȥоϲֺ֮ܺ£᲻ǿջϲһںܽš
ǰֱ߽˵һĲŷ
¦ȥñϥأһÿñһִأϳӭ̫ӵ¡
һνڰǰԵ쳣ͻأȴûÿ˵ϡ
ֻ֮¿ñ¶һſޱȵӣԶԶпȥǣһЦ
˲סƺ඼ֹͣ
ܿͷӦ˹еļҪȥ
˿ں¦˵¦ɡ
ֱֱǳеļĸǲ̫ˣһƫͶ˹ȥ
¦龰ӭɳӴ̫ӵ£°ã÷
̫ӵ£˾ⳡսζ𣬴Ҷ֪ҳб˼󣬰еıȨھд඼¦ıԼ˧ô˵Ȼš
ǼٵģǼٵģд󺰡
¦ǰ£̫ӵ°ãͱҵսµӳ顣
𹭣¦ǰ£
׼龰ɳͻȻǰ˵һҪ̫ӻرҡ
ЦЦ򣬱𼱣仹ҲߵģֻƽϢⳡսңҡ
֪ΪΣȻһ㶼ɣÿó߽˶ԷӪ
ǰ״λʿɳ̫ӣ򱻼Ҷ첻ңͣúƽսʦҿջؼҿĸ޶
ֱȭͷ˿ȴûκΰ취
׿һ¦¦ֺؽ
ͻȻӾ߳¦˵ؽչ¡
ǣ
ƺƵȥһ񣬽ڳҲȥ
׶¦˵Ͻ˴ζ㣬Ǹǰ»ûô׽
¦ϳңϳģܺúôϫ¡
¦ϫ£׻ЩͷֻۣùҶ˸ʴȥϢñ±ΪҵģһҪرңδɣϣ˴ɳͱҴɰ겻ս
壬һΪɳյĸϳפصŵµĺϢ
׵ͷЦһӣıҾȥ
龰ŵһڷҲԼİΣˣ̶ȫ֣̰֮ 
̫Ӵʴ壬Ұ
߰ɣЩҪ˵
һʹſڣͼѾ˹ǰ
ӴЦ֮£֪̫ӵ¹Ȼ֮¡
еӣɳ˱Ҳ˴ϣǩԼӻͳһţ˹ȥӦøˣԸڻ

87 

Ӵ, ˮһпӳ

ʼӶϣι಻ıϣʵʦѡͬ, ݡʵΡɱ, Ϊ, ҲΪ쵽㴦, ֮Ϊݡ, ֮λҲͬɱౣȫƷӿжᣬ䲻ŵ, ŵ, 첻ӱʱ, ɳ֮겻ս֮Ӽ˼ǡ

֮˼, ֮˼ҲԶͬһ, ˬʵĹЦ, ǳ챣ұң㣬ɳ֮˶ǳһ㣬Ҫһֱˮ֮ˡ
׻һЦˣǾ;ǩԼ, 뿪ɳнһǸûȥˡ
Ҳ֪㲻ס֮ҲģǻʱҶȻǰȥء
в˵١
Ӵ˳ףң˵ЩʲôǺ֮ˡ
ҲЦԳνҵǱȲˡ
ˣӴЦ磡
ϣûоܾ׷Σƺ׼õɳΣŮһף䲻ݻҲԳˡ
һ·Ϊûᴩء
ӵ֣ôᣬ·Һϲӣ͸ҵ𣿡
Ȼǣϲġ
Я䣬һͬߵλϣԶҵĳѾϴϼףټ֪ݣʱʱڵ۷׷ףԣ˴ҹעص㡣
׿ǵС˵Ƕڿ㣬ҵİġ
ǲҼˡ
䣬ʱûݣͲܱ뱣ˣ֮ǰֻͨĲ̣зǷ֮룬ֻ̫̾򲻸Ҷһֵġ
תͷ˵̫˵Ĳӹǿ߲ܵõԼҪģԼ뱣ġ
ٱ̫ӣ̫Ȼǧ㲻ᣬҲ֪ݲͬǹڼҲסʵǺˣûκ¡
䵭Ц׾ٱһǴƣӴ˻Ҳ˵ϡ
ڴҶϲʱͻȻͨ˵ɳʹ
ӿףҡͷԴ˿֪
룡
ʹ߽һٶ˵˴ַɳʵӴǰӲδ˵˱¦ţ⡣
ӹЦұңΪ˵ɱǵ̫ӣ̫Ӻö˶кѲɱҸұҵĽڰˣ
˵׼ˣöɱ׺󣬳ʮӼ˰Ϣ͵˻ʹлʺ󴵶߷磬ܿʵ۾¦ǰо˹ռңñҳΪɳĸϻλҲʷϼһʿĹ
ʹߵҲǰҲ̸͵ġ
Ŷ˵
򵥣һλãɳף޸һ׮£
˱ȥ󣬳ף빥ռҵ뷨Ȼ̼ıʿΪıߣ˽飬Ȼû¦ֵ꣬սǱƺҲཻãǻ˵۶һ˰йۿŵֵĴ֮λôûˣʵڿϧɱ죬ű֧ԼͱҺףҲǹһص۶ⴢ֮λһ
Ӿ׵λϣ롪˵ûҪҼ޸С˾ͬ⣡
֪еΪˣö°뱲ӵҸ
Ȼܣʹ߻ȥ֪ӣѾ㳯̫ǩ˰겻սԼ¾ʹ˰ˡ
ʹ߲мЦЦ˴δӣûи̫ӵ£ԵӵģùǾˡ
ӿһ۳ף׿ʵӱһŵϢ봫Ÿʰɡ
ʹһ˵
ӵǹ£Ǽ£ʹȻȥǿǵʱ䡣
ʹߺ󣬳˵˷ûоȨճһʱס¦񽫾˱մͱУڿ϶ȥ۶ϢͨһŵϢһʱҲȥӵĻΪ룬ҪҺ֮ѡ񡣡
ɣŭ⡣
ٰꡣ׵ɷȥһҳظ򣿵ʱǱ׷ɱҵĻ̴ɢˣҵҵĻ취ȥϢֻҪʱ伴ɡ
֪ȷȻ书ǿ򣡡
ڣ
ԴӵɳظѰ䣡
ǣ
ⳡ᱾ǻϲϲʼȴǳĽ
óȻ᷿Լȥӵס
ǵһҹ޵ܹŶƤëһЩװΣмһŴ󴲣Χǳɴᣣƻá
˵ڴصĿšŮ棺ɳ̫ˡ
ӷ䣬ίգ۾ԸȥЩȻǶȥ
Ůѷ¾˳ȥ
Լ£֪ԼҲһȥףŸ͸۰ңңһֱŽңվӲˡ
ĺ󱳣ģǶ취£һ仰һҪ˵ģȥΪ˱˺鷢㻹ǵþһˡ
һᣬûмҲͰˣ˭ҵۣ
俴ǳɫᣣ룬ҲǸСŮ˼ˣʶҲΪԼͳǰûıңӶıӵˣûǵĳָ֣أ
һһˣ䣬ֻܻûг֣Ѿȴˡʵ̫㲻Ǽ֮Ե㲻ִšĿ
ǣֻ֪̫ЦûƹңҲ֪ζϲҵģ˵һμʱ龰
죬ɥ˵ţͻȻתͷɫϲ̫ܡȥ˵ڣԼ׵̫ȫ
׽飬ӣģ㲻ȥ׵ġѾȥҺλ̫ӰõϢ˳͵ɳսҾͻ᳹ͣͲúˡ
˶ˣȻҵ˺»оˣҲ˳е˽ϢͰ겻սԼ͵˳Уǳ׵Ҳͬһʱ䵽˻ʵСɳʵ۴һӣּ⣬һ̫Ӽگ鼴ջسűҹ㣬ʶλȱȢΪޡ
ͬһģۺӢá
ʱ˻ص۶·ϣҲ˼׮飬Уس󣬾˳׵ѶҪʥȴӢһҲ֪ΰ졣
ҶûãʹϢӦʣ˱һһ·˵˲飬֪ǾôĲĥѡ
մŲ赲סе˺ҵ˳»Ͽ˶һ˵оǰо˵ҵȾѾճһƬ档𣬳еҲѲ飬Ǳ㿪ʼˣֱ̫սϢ֪ºͱûʲôϵȻӸʹ֮༸˻ǲѰңֱ˰
Ϊҵ̫ӣ˾ܻضԶȴû뵽黹û
˴ΣϢʥϴɳʹݣگǰңжگ飬ڵ
Ҳ֪е鶼޷ٸıˣΥɳʵףܾܾ
Ҳû뵽ΣܾΪԼıӵ
׿䣬֪׮£ӵݺͲͣӣҲΪԼ˱Ҷľ档
˵ӣңҶὫȻͻ
Ȼͷӣɱ
ǣӿԸң˵ҪΪ˹ѡӣ
ӴЦôѡ˱СˣҺ޲ýǧУֻǿӣ֮
Ӵſǻŭ˵룡̫ӣҪʲôʱɱҳɻ鵱ɱɺã
ЦЦλҪżҳ񷨣һ취ӻڣڴ֮ǰ£۹֡
棿ʵҲ۾
ҡ˵ȢǱΨһĹ϶ίˣ޷Ǿô˴κ״Ӿ˼ص۶õҵ֧֡׿ɲ춼ԵġҪ˵ȷʱ䣬ѡһƵշɡ
׵ͷɾԲҺͰˡ
ӵã˵ɣҪô㣿
֣صӣͳеŽҡ

88 

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ƽѵ칦, ̽, ˵Ҫǳ, Լİ֮ܿĻ
ʵÿ˵ȻԼĹΪȣҲ޿ɺǵ顣
Ӳ, վ, ûκδ, ǳصջңҲᶯҡ
ǳأǳеĹưˣҴһʼͲӦšȻһлͷ̾ż, Ҫұ㣬ֻҪ˳ӻ
ҾҰ㵱ѣУҵȻҪ뾡취
ӿˣλطϢֿףҽЩŽ㣬дԶţսթǳ֮졣
׵ǼȻˣվ̣گڴˣʵڲҵ󡣴˴μȻʹߣӹҲͻسʥǻῴ˺ö˺ú˵˵ɡ
صϢ᷿׿Ŵңииţ˴Σͬң뷢£Ҷ˶ƽ£ҲԸ⽻ţҲԲֻǡ
ֻȴʹ죬˲Ӭһܡ˵Ŷˣôƣ
¦񽫾ߡ
ʶһ䣬磬Щ飬㻹Ҫ˼
֪˵ʲô˼Ӣãоɣǳȥߡ
᷿ǰӢÿüʵ˵üģΪ˾̫ӣ
䲻˵оҾӸˡһ󣬴粽ĸߣ⼸Ҳ˵˺ܶѰҽ顣
Ӣֵ䣬ǵѰ㻹βӳȥԼ벻ˡ
Ӣã㲻ҲΪ̫Ӵô˵Ѱ֮¡
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γ֪Щֻװ֪
˵ܷ֮ܳأʵ붫ʱ򣬾˲Ƿλ׼ʱԼһĻûбȣڻʹĽһƽӣֻҪƽȹһ岻ͺáȻϣԼޱˡȻܣλҲֻ¦ģ¦ϫ²δκδ£˶֪Լôľ
ѩɽϵʱãÿôֻ࣬˵ĳء
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ģѾˣһźگǰȥӪگǺ׶УװҪʱ䣬оҲҪʱ䣬һƿסУˣʲôУеһЩԶЩǸȫ
Ӣõ̫ӵ˼ȫһ·ǵ˳ᢣӢ
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ӽԼͳеŽУӵ¾Ͱ̫ˣݶ飬ӼУ
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ҲһһһƬӳͨĳϼ뿪ңӭǰɳ·

89 Һܺ

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̧ͷ䣬ЩۣҲ֪Ҹۡ
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һѽ䱧𣬷ϣԼǰ§ס䣬һоͿҪˣҲܵһ˿һ˺ǰȻݡ
£֤ݣʲôʱʸ£γе׷ɱܵǡ
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䣬ôˣҼǵϴαʱ򣬻ЩƮƮġ׾ֱڴϣŮǺŹشһὫ꣬ȴ׺»̫ҽ
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Уǰڵʱ򣬵͸ԷԵľнǻкöҳҪ˵أ㲻ڣǲĸʹ졣
׹һıǼ⣬ã㣬ҵ̫˵ʲôԡ
ᴥһüģڻ𣿡
Ͳˡ
˿ڴӡһǣһᣬȦղ̫ҽ˵Щޱܡ
촽뿪ü˿ڣͣڶͷʵҵ̫Ҫ
šţߺ
ҡҷ飬׼ᣬϧޱȡ㺹֮§Ż˾þδߣ޲»һΣȻǰȥһҲڼɽ֮Щɥ˸óлɳöɱԼðΪԼƽôĿࡣ
Ȼ֮󣬺ܶ鶼ñ֮ǰˣȴԾ˺ۡ
̾һڣֽ§ĸһЩ
һıۼ˯ֻóԼıĻƭˡ
ʵʲôѩɽʱҽ͸߹ԼѾ¾ȳ׵ҩ˺ǲģ֮Ҳܸоʹ׼̫ҽ˵Щʱһ㶼ȡ
ı˵ˣԼѶҸ˶磬˵ǹԲˡߵˣʹԼ֮Ҳúñļˡ
вᣬȴ̹Ȼ

90 

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С棬Ѿʱ, ٲ, ҶҪ̫ҽˡ
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ŮӶ˽׻ǶȥԼմˮҪ
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㲻, ˯ôãֿ϶Ӳˣòӵġ
ֽѹУϴϴҲһġ
佩ɳ׸ϴ֣ôһ˲ΪԼ˯ʱˣЩӲ
ϸĲְ֣ڰӣšɣʼգǼ⣬ͷһüġ
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Ӧһ
ȹգҪΧ䰴ס֣ùȹա
ίĿְҵ֣䣬ҪԹԵҲŶѽʱǰѧˡ

ŸԼµĳףůůġ
ԭүʵжںԼжԼǲҪһõİ飬ǰĺޡû˺⣬˵ˡ
֪Լжʱ䣬Ӳȥ˵ѪҺԼᣬӴѪһ̫̣Ǿһһ
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ģΪЩѾˣˣЩ飬оĺܺá
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ǵ׼ġͷЦ
ǣ飬˸ŮѽŮˣ˻̵ء
Ӣýһ۵ͷǵ¶԰ġ
ЦǣӢŮ˵ĶԣȷʵˣߣǴš
ΧһǺһֻɫİһ·İƽѽһ顣
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91 

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СãҲĺϢУһرˡ
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ҹŻЦҸ֮ϣҲķǺɫף

92 ټ

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ǣƥ, ԶžҹԵø
ֱܶ, ںڰпŻˣ, δ˵Ц⡣
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˵ԼʹԵʣضҪɾȰˮ֮УսңϧʱԼ󾿾ʲô´ҵ, ǸҸˡ
ܾ֪ʲôȴû˵
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΢΢üøһƺǱǰʱ磬ȴû뵽鷢չ˿졣
ǶȥлҪ̫˵
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ʣֻһʱ岻ãúվͻõġ
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93 ֮

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ȻͿʼ𻨽𻨾ƣ𻨸⣬һֱæţĹ˵ǵ⼸ӪУҪš
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ĸһͬ巵ķȥҲһԡ
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һ𴲣ĿܼʹһϤСڴ˺þòʹǰж֢״ֶֻһ㲢ܱٳɶͳΪ|ҩҽΡ
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֪ԼжѾǰˣɵÿЦػһѵӲ
ǰоĵܵ𰲵ģưճʳ͵͵ͳȥ飬֪ǶԭڳոĲҩУʱֻǳҪûڶֿܡڣẦⶾ˭µģ
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Ƽ򣬡մӱһȥ³к¦Ͻɣ˸㴫ţ;رˣˣȲ㣬ɫδȥһ˶ճɡ
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üû˵˺ܾã˵䣬ôʲô֪ұȵ»֪УԼж˭ȥ飬жǷܽⶼһͺ֪һ
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䣬˵㲻ǲʹģѵͲаˣѵͲ̫𣿡
ڱһͬô᲻˽˶Ա˴˵ĸ飬ڰ˵һҲš
䴹죬˲ᣬ˭ǵʱʱִ䣬ǽ£Ҫι̾ϢУڱйȥ
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̫ҽ뵽׿֪״ȴƵڶֳ
ֳΪңΪ̫ѾĹˣ˶࣬Լ𡣡
ҾúܿġƵЦݺºͣΪ͵¶ֵõˣܵʶãҸ˶ء
ôõǰԵ˽ʹв̣Ҳֻܰø硣
ֳʲôԸ
ôĪǰǰ˹ҵʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷǰ˶󣬾ͱϹӣ淢ʲôԼ֪ңҲ֪
ǰûЧ̫ӣҲûܿʲô֪ĽɣҲͬˣȥһԡ
վڴãص棬䣬Ҵӱҽ͸ҵҽԸ
ҲȰ˵ҽûõĻҲҪһԡһߣչ˺ԼҲٻʱȻǽյأ۷ʲôһỤġ
Իл˵ȴڸѡ
ϵʳƵ䣬Ӧңղ˭㣬һҪ̫ӵ¡
ֳ֪ô
ƿһ۴⣬ɫҲղ˽Ÿ㡣
ʳУ·ϣͷӣںܾᣬҪҪѽ찢˵Ļ߸̫ӣϾҪԶңһȥʲô״޷֪
һʳУжû˻ɵ󷽷ȥ¶ʹʳжҲһҪˡ
ܺ°䲢ҳӺˡ
ڶգһţƾʳнȥ˵⣬ϰɵ£ؽ糿ţֻΪ鶾
ʱ󣬹Ȼ˳һ⣬̫ͬһͬԵС
дһţطźãֻҪаɥҸǡʱ̫ӡ
ϸ룬ʱ䣬ȷʵó׷ģǺʳжҲˣܷнӴʳˣԻСġ
һУһ뿪˵۶
ҹ˵ô࣬䷴˯̤ʵˣ˷ĸоʵڲںо
䣬оڿɲܽ
һͷһƫͿ׺¶ڴߡ
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Ҳ䣬ҹﺮϵɸ㡣
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ȴһקסϡ
䣬ʲôȥ
ֱסţȵϢգƣӳͣ¶мۣΪȥǵ鷢о㰾Щůůӣ㶨ȻˣС
ױۣͷԼϣǽůҡ
°ͷһ䣬⼸û㣬Ĳˣ㣬ҾͲˣھůĲˡ
ɴſĻ§ţһûһµİ鷢£Щѹﶼ𣿡
һӳӣѹ£СѾͷǲҪˣϾͽˣܿ죬Ҿ͸㣬Ҫ
ҪЦ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
֪Ҹ㡣һΪ󹬣һҫֻҪԶҲ뿪
µˣۣȥǼᣬǳֹɽϪһ˿| 嵭ܰ
䣬һ첻ԶˡҪһжֿɼмȺڴ
䴹£¦ϫ˵飬¦Ͻؽסա
΢üͷؼʱѦҺ¦ҪסеһжҪȻλܴӳ顣
䣬ҲԸ񾡣أ߹֮£ǵԻƴȴԷƴǴһ׮Ժ˴һǼԼҪԣҲһˣӡ
ӱס˫ΧĲ£ڰˡ
ǸһŶ裬мȸж־ᡣ
жΪԼԼ֪жʱտɻǷӦһ˼ҡ
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׻ͷþÿ˵䣬ҪӰɡ

96 

ǵ, ҪһѪĺӣúý󣬾ԼܹЩΪһλ, ɽӽ
ȴĬ, , ΪԼûʲôģ, Լĺܶ, ʵڲһӣ
һˣȴڲþҪʧȥĸ׵ĺӣж, Ǹȥһĸ˫ȫ˼, á
ų˫ε۾, ôľܾأ˻һĻһҽԼⲻ֪Ķù
, ֻԼ, û˵ԼΪȳ׶ҵ, ܾԶɡ
ãȵæʱ䡣
׸˵һӽڷתȦ䣬ھԼȫҸˡ
ǣǲһҪˣ
׽ױ̨ǰᵯһĶͷм, 󲻵ãȻϣȽϺãܵӰ졣
˼Ƭ̣֮ǰ˵ģͻȻˣ˵ǷѾò糯ˣǷô򵥣Ҳֻлʹɥ²Ӱ쵽سĺ¡
Ʋ˵ƣȻҲ֪аţǰ㹬У֪ʱ򣬳Ѿ˻λ
ⳡγһ֮սҪľǲġ
䣬Ҹ㻭ɡ
ɵĵͷ̧ͷ۾ʡ
΢̣մ֬ϸëʣס°ͣüϸϸ档
껭ãʻû£ۣһ촽
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ǿһߵӣһ£뿴ķӦ
ʵû뵽еڶ£˲ס£㡭

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֪ԼЩˣǼδʱ̲ס뿿
£¡
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ʱ£Ǹˡ
˵ҪȵæˣһμСֶ硣
ֻҪһ뵽̫ҽ˵Ļо̣еܰҽһ
§§еˣֻҪ֪ƽݵңҵľ͸̤ʵʲôҲˣܹȥ顣
Ҳȥ㣬һжáؼʱֻ̣ΪĶ
£Ǹˡ
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ӦȰס̫Ӷ̫εĸ飬Ҳֻ֪ܱƵԼż
׸գᣬֲþӴ˲糯Ը硣 
ٶԣתȥȴſתֿһۡ
ߺͭǰüãӵӿͷһƬհףƺѹţŬʲôȥ롣
֪˶ãоһСĵŶ룬ͭǰ˵Ϊӻء
عоΪϴɡ
ӣţ˵ɾġ
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»С˵̫⡭
Цˣ»ΪҪ˵ʲôأ̫ˣҲ̫ӣȻΪ̫ӺãҪ㲻Ը⣬ھͿɳȥˡ
»зɿת̫϶ɵģʲô¼Ȼ߸ȴ߸̫ӣʵڲæ˵»֪̫̫һƬ»Ӧ̫
ʲô飬Ҫ֪ܾ
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ϣ飬˵»ɡ㿴̸㣬ˡȷǲ¦ϫµĶϾ³ᱻֵģӦûûôľô»ҼŵùĹˣ˽͵͵顣
»һͽھȥŵù̫ҽΪ̫ⶾ
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䲻ɵԴΪصŮӣûмˡ
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߽¾ͽˣ֪ڹдо飬㶨Ȼܹ»ͺԸˡ
̫ˣܷ̫Ӻ̫ǵҡ
˵ﻰǰǽ»ϻԲʼڳߣľ𣬾ߺ̣ˣȻ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
»ȥɣˡ
»ůǡ˳ȥ
£һԳ»Ӧúܿˮʯˡĳףܲ˳ϻλܲ˳С֪ʱлôĻңһжֻ͢ʲôӡ
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»¹Ȼû죬ͽˡ
ⶾȻ¦ϫµģȴҲʲôö
¦ϫȥŮѦˣ¦ϫһ֪Ѧ񰲲ߵˣȥ㣬Ѧó˻ֽš
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һһʯĺüı
ֻϧ»ѾŮ˹˰ļ˶
곣»˵Ļǰճ׸Ǵһ׮Ժ˴һǼԼҪڿֻԼ·

97 

¦ϫºѦ֪ŮԵ޹ʵʧ, ΪǶԷĹţÿȻЩ£֪ԷץסԼʲôѱ, ȴЩ޿, ܳʵ, ǵĸҲǲݺӵĴڡ
ʱܿ쵽磬ƮЩСѩ, 
ѡһҺɫ·, ͬɫĴ멡ƽٴޣֵףӣˣɫҲûϲ
߳ĵ, һ̧ͷͿ׵ѩ
ϲܹȥ, һӱס
ûиϻ, ΪҪˡ
Ц˵㿴Ұ˭ˣ
ȥӴ˳
»˵, Ҳڵʱ, 㲻ĵ, ȥӹס磬ҿ϶Ӧܶͣ¹˼㣬ӹ㣬Ͳˡ
кܶһ֪ȥӦкܶ೯Ů춼ȥ, ֪㲢ϲӦǣæѲӢҪ̨ͬŮ֮ӣнڲˡ
ϸϸ˵ʼղ뿪еˡ
˵̫ӵ¿ǵ̫ܵ˰ɣҶҪˡ˵İɣҿɲµЩӣڣ׼̫ȲҲᱻ˷
׵лӹ
Ц߰ɣ䣬ȵˡ˵
׷䣬Ҳɡ
ůͣ˺ܶСů¯ͻȻӻóƬļҶӣݹȥһƬ䣬⼸һҹε㣬ʱ̨Ҷࡶ˼ͻȻӣκξвûпԴ֣һΣ
ӹЦʵ㵱εϴ¡˼
ǣʱεÿһҶ¡
˵ĵȻǼٻ˼ΪϤΪǰˡ
䲻˵ҶƬڴ䣬ĵƮ˳ҲҶƬڴ䣬
˶ٱ飬ǰҹ˾ʱԼٱ飬ʼնǸϵˣΪû˭ܴıİ䴵ĻʹԼ
Ĺ̫Ļ䣬ǰᣬۣԵԴӲԭ£ʼղȥģһ̫ˡ
һ֣䣬̫࣬Ҳ֪˭֮ˣԣֻҪԼ˸ĶǧҪãİ˾Ҳȡ
ƤЦЦ֪ˣԼĵϣͷİɡ
ܿ죬͵ˣ峿СѩҲͣˣ̫ůůϡ
һ³˿̫ӵٵʱ򣬶æ񣬺ܶŮߵŮȥԼƽ඼࣬ܶ಻ǹپӸλĳһ̫ܺ˵һ԰䣬ĳϣֲЦˣܵӡɡ
Ȼ˸λ֮ϣߺ˲̵ͬŮʵλǣ
Ůڱҽʶĺѣҵӹ
һ׷Ͷ̽Ŀ⣬ǲһ㣬̫ӣ̫٣׵ıҹˡ
ӿ׬ӡ
褺ͱźӵ˳񣬽ž͸ͳ׸ǰ
ӲϹ˸Ӹ˵ĶźӣӵһƵ
褿ӵǱҵӹһ߷лӵ񡣡
Լӱĳ㲻Ҫźá
ôᣬڹˣҲĲ١
һ˵ЩҳѱһһǰƵסˡ
ʱʱһ۳ǱߵЩ˻ǳźӣ֪ƽ̫ӽտ϶ܾûûЩˡ
һʼ˵ճ£һ׮ϲ¡
䣬ͼӢһŮװŮ˳ôôŤûӢӢñȽϺÿ
Ҳ֪ð˳󣬡Ҽӣʲôÿ
ЦҡͷȻġ
۸̾û뵽ֵ󶼳ҵŮ
һ˵һʵڻ
ŮʽӢúһرͶ빧ء
žͿˣۿųײͣӦЩһðĹԱʵۣһƵĹԱ׾˺Ժ
Ϊ̫̫ƴˣΪμӳ磬ǿǸӡ
㶼˵ˣǶҵŮЩȻҪԺѽҲѧϰĶˣڸӢõļˣôİ۵ļ򣬡չȥӢóΪŮ֮¾ͻᴫС֪ģǵĻӦû谭ˡ
һѽҲصƿˡ
߰ɣӢûϣӣЩġ
磬㻹һҧʮ¾Դϴ̫ڼɽͺ޲ð۾ϣҼӢڣһûµġ
˱˵ߣ۸˵꣬һ̧ͷͿԭ䲻ˡ
ӣȥˣоôҲ
Ц̫ӵ±ţղűˣͷһͬȥ˺Ժ
۵Ҿ˵̫˰ɣȥҵӢˣҪǲӦЩԱҸطһɡ
׿˻û£ѾųӵŽƵĹԱӹȥԺȰ䣬ʧˡ
ԺͻȻԼղź˵ûп˽ԺڿĻӦע⵽һ߲Ŷԡ
ⲽԺһߣ̧ͷɵ鸮ʱ˾Ĺ뷿ǰĳЦ
ͣ˵ѩƮ˶ëѩ
ǰԺҲΪͻȻĶëѩˣⲢûӰҵ飬ǫ˵صˡ
бͶ˺Ͱ˵˵ȴֻӹ
֪̫Ӻ̫ȥ˺δ
֪ԼŮҪҲһģ̫Ӹûˡ
ӵձˣһͬȥˣ̫ҲȥԺˡ
빫Ⱥ򡣡С˸·Լǫȥ˺Ժ
ǫȥ褺Ͱ亰ȥҵ¡
ųһ˾վѩͦΣ꣬ΪߵѩҲڸǲ˵ġ
ǰ񣬡Ϊѵˣ磬˶ǿֻͣû뵽ô೯ɢˣŴѩ뵽ɡ
޷˵˺ԺҵôҲû
Ůҵ˽ܻǶһЩѾǫȥ褴ѰˣѩˣȥŰɡ
׵ͷȥ
׿ӣۺӢã˷褺ǫȴûп䡣
һɣأ
˵ʹӷˣΪȥҵˡ
ӡ䡱һӾըˣֻʣһ뷨İ䲻ˡ

98 

˵ȥ, ȴٶȣ󺰵¡
׻ͷ, ˵һ, ȴѾĲ, һ, ȲҪ
ǫҲ׷˳, £̲ȥҡ
ŬԼ߰ˣӦǳ, ǺĿ, غܿͻ֪, ȥǣ
ú˶еȥңԼҹ, ƽ, ȴѲӿ
ںú, Ϊʲô۽ߣΪʲôҪð뿪ԼߣΪʲôûеһʱ;ԾΪλھӪΪó»ڶ¡
ΪգԼİŲѾ޷, ʱ͵Żʵۼݱڹɥ֮ϣסʹ۶ȺҴͶıо
е˼ζλϣѵ˶˶λҪĵطȴССˡ
뵽֮ǰܵˣ̾徭ڣ˷ʲôŰ֪Լʲô
賿ʱ򣬵ͻȻһֽ֧
ڵȥ׷ˣȴֻһʬ塣
״ֻֽһ֣ӵţ̫
ݺݽֽһţУҪ
һ˦еĹȥֽŹڵء
»˳е޹طôϣԼ̤طһ
ƺڵбϣһһƽԼ
׼߹Ͻ־ͳϸһȭУ㱰ɡ
вȥǵѪЦ磬Ƕ˵˰ɣҾǱɣҺΣ
ɱ㣡
һչѽɱѽɱң͵Ϊ̫ʬɡ
ģ
ϣҶ˵⻰ͿտڰǸõСˣȻǵż㣬ʲô浱Ҳ֪𣿡
׾ס죬ҵͿ޶ȵģҸ㣬ĺÿһ㣬͸ϿѰʲôطҡ
һ۳׾סԼ֣ͻȻЦ㿴һ̫ӵ£ôˣڿջͿˣŮߣΪܲҪģҪĲֽѵҪ
ȻǳףŵȴǳУ˿ûк£ǵ⡣
ô᲻ãλǱŮҪ
죡ƿС
֣㲻̫ôұ죿
òϣ˵ÿ仰ʹΪ
壬ΪҲ֪ôģΪ֤ݣϻλˣΣҸ㣬ڸҰһһݹҲˡ
ѽͱѽɱңⲻ²㲻±λ߱ɱֵܵұͶѹĵʯ𣿡
Ϊûտɻ£Ҽʱ˽ָȨ²˻ʹķʲôΪҲ֪ѵţɱңҸ㣬ΪǻλˣΣ
׺ҧ֨֨죬һ򱰱ɣû뵽ܱɵ˵زԭΪ󷽷ͬҴһ̣ȴֱӵֶΣȥ˺һ޴Ůӡ
бڿϣ˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôʲôҸ㡣ڴĵطʪ䣬ûгԵģֶ֪ܼá
ѽǸŮʵ̫ˣΪһūŵңѾҶˣ̫޵Ŀأɱ˵һޣҿĶأȻǺÿ
һ˫Ѫ۾һذ׳УֱֳеؿڣңҲܱ֤һеذ׻᲻̽ȥ
޿ֿһذף㲻ģС㣬һ̣Ҿÿļˡ
ˣ½۶ҲҪѰҳ
ѽȥѽ֪ҵǵҵʱ¾ֻʣһʬ塣ǵطΣû֪磬ˣ֤ݸҶá
׶ҡˣʵһʼͶҡˣ»վߣֱţҲûκΰ취
ͻȻС̫˳ŵ˳ȥ
кʲô£
С̫ӹ
дЦտ֣
ƿذף磬ȥһ˱ң˵ĺѽƽ˱һù㿴˵ˡ
׻ͷͿӴŮ˽
̫ʧٵ£һϦ֮䴫ʹڵ峿¹˾֪λˣ˶þ棬ֻǽŵĵһ֡
񣬡֪»سҵҲûеȵµȥԽվԼˣԺϾǷޣҪ׽׽ġ
ЦŹڱʱĽ̫ӣôô죬ҲӦˡ
Ůʳһѣ˳ǰ£ҰһҹĲҵ⣬³
жѿһۣȣ˵ɣ飬ǲҲΪ̫֪̫ãǲú׵ֺңҷ䣿Ҹ㣬㻹ʸ㲻ҵӣҳҪŮ˻ף
ȴҽϾҪΪޣʵۣҾʺˣôõ飬ΪʲôҪȥˣ
оˣҲԾĿӣȴԶߣ£ιȲ
׻ûŵߣͻȻѴ򷭣һء
סӵĲӣһȻɣҲɵҪֺңοȵգ˵ʲô
ӵųУ˵Ķҩ
ƿӣкõʱ򡣡
ȴһ˵ʣ̫
дЦЦᶼˣ֪Ҫʲô̫Լˣ㲻棬ɵ㲻ҴӾ˼ص۶Ĺ߰ˣԼˣ׵ĹǸƽ¡
κһŮ⻰ܲˣϺۿ
׸æ˵ĺ氢лл㣬»빫Ҫˡ
˵ûӵǸŮӣҲӵĳŵ£Ͻá
ʳף˰ʲô
ҧü˵ţſͨ
Ϸʣ̫ӵ´Ӧˣ
һѽǻλŮ˶Ҫôõ飬Ҹһʱ䣬ʱǲóҾɱ̫ҪҲ汳ġ
֪ƶԼһ°䣬ҪľԲֹô򵥣ֻĵһԼλˡ
֪ʱӲãǱ߲֪źֿϻλضͿ̿Ҳɳܡ
Ψһһ
һʱ䣬հҾ͸ҪġҪ֪ǷţҪױš
е˦˦䣬ʹ죡Ȼ㣡

99 

ӳе޵, Щߣӣ֪Ǻģиôô罻, ȥ, ĴžС
ȴꡱһЦ, æһҩ裬ѽҩ, ղ, ΪɵѽͿ˶ۣнҩղץסҵʱ, Ѿж, ֻⶾϷ԰ż, ֪˰ں취ԴٰżҪ
û뵽ӻ, ȷʵ, ò˵ķӺܴ, е飬ӻļˣ㵱л֤϶ᵱյģûҪĻᣬҪԶԶֹЩ
£ɫ࣬Ҳϳ, ջһЩҪһǼ¡֪нƻҪ˳ȳ䣬ĳҪһЩⶾ䲻֮ʱޱȣܵˡ
˵ûǸԶŵˣ¾֤ݸҲһܸǰ䣬ⶾȷʵܰǴæ׶񣬡ӹл
ױһԲߣ˸ʤ㡣
صȥ˵ĺͷɥܣûҵ̫ںδ
ȥ޵ţ۳ˣҪ˸ţǧܸˡ
˵ҪױţҲҵ֮
˲ٽڳ޹⣬еļƻһʧܣ϶Ҫܡ
Щңһ۾Ϳ˵͵Ļ
䣬Ϊʲôѵ˵ǿ󲻵һģΪʲôүҡҲҪԵɳգҪ㰲Ȼݣô𣿡
˵İУ״ĵĻǰ޵˺ѷΡ
Դӷְ䲻ˣʮʱһֱǿԼǼǿȴڿ⻭ʱҲܲס
»ת˰Ұťǰһ̣ײ飬Ҳ飬Ȱ䣬˿Ҳиá
֤ҳŽͲС
¡ˡ
׿첽ߵôʲô
һӹڵϣ޹һȥȥʮˣͬķҸǸ˲ȥģģҲûʲôرģ˸ˣ֪ȥ˺δѾˡ
ȭʵǽƻҲ㣬ô֪ʮ˾˭ȥȡţү˰ˡ
»ʱˣһȥ´
߽ͿػʺҲ棬̸Цʲôǽ˵ǸĸĺÿѽڱӣѻʹıȨ㣬֮ʱֻίΣλ֮Ȼңҵǰϲ̫ѽ
׿Źػʺ˿ô˵ĸϿˣ
ػʺЦԹܿܣжٻλĿλģ
ⲽ߽Ȼĸ˵⻰ҿɣҪ߱λ𣿡
ػʺһꡱƣȻǣĸԸλ
ͻȻ߽˵µ޹ǲͨˡʺḣ˸ʺϱǲǲϲһ¶ˣǴûȥء
ػʺҲǴû𣿡
вͷ˵ˣ˵ˡ̫ӣû
״ȡһŷ⣬ӵҪȿױš
нһ˹ȥָס򿪡Ϥ黨С׭һӳۿ˲ͺˣֻм򵥵ļ仰
£ںܺãعġ
̶̵ļ֣׺ݺݿС
һЦ˳㻹浱ܴ￴ʲôȻ˵ʲôдʲôˣӦʶױŰɡѽٵˣǲЩ棿㻹˵㣬ǹԹԵİŽҰɡ
ȸҰںδҲܸ㡣ţûҪ˼
Цڻкҽʸ̫Ѻĵطֺģȡŵ˵񻹷ˣʵǿѽǲģǲ֪㼱
㡭ŭա
˵ʲôҵĺö磬ǲǺɱңҸ㣬Ҫ˲ңǸļϵСˡ
ѹƲסŭŵֲͣĲɱˣܣټĵ۶ĲһˣҪʮ¡
ŭһģͷһһѪ
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Цԭа˵ҵǳʶˣôһˣŸ𣿡
ײȥǵѪã㣬ǣҪȴ˵һٸ㡣
е³֣ߡ
üŸһС̫࣬С̫ʸ˳С
д򿪿һۣĵͷߵԣҪյͻȻ˹·ɫĩڳʶֵĩʱһӴš
˵ʱʱ죬ͺ˶ȥϵš
˲ʱű˺أһںУһںУ˿龰Էеţһʱ֮䣬α߷ϵĶҵϡã˴޵һʱޱȡ
ػʺ󺰵ס֣
̻ص˹ػʺߣص˳ߡ
бͲֻص˸Եλϡ
е̫Ǻ⣿Ĳ𣿡
ȴͻȻ˵ӦңԼܻܲ£ڲԼʲôԾ𣿡
жʱޱȣֵǣǱĵطǻ˶סˣųвһеץ
˶ΪղǲΪģķĩȴû뵽Ƕۡ
ػʺҪȥУմȾǷĩʣӹʲô
˵ûʲôûнҩޱȣȻöĶֶѽҽˣղŲ˸ӣһ㷢ôζܰɡ
вͣţܻϵĲûȡ
ˣҵĲӣǰѶҩͿϵġ˵ĺǵ⡣
ӣд󺰡
׵ܣ˵ںδǾ͸ҩ
ʺϷԸߵС̫ࣺȥ̫ҽ
ųף̫ӣΪǾˣҾͲʲô̫ҽⲻˡ
Ӹ˳һĵĶ
Ȼһ̫ҽκ˵ҩҪҲժһݣʱ䣬ҵݣγɽҩҲˣͶԷ֪ٴˣʱûһˡ
̫ҽĻ˵˵˵
ػʺֹ̫ҽΣ
ϳҩ֧һģⶾ̫ʹˣûмܼס
ػʺߣӣһ̣Ҫ˵ǾǰˣλһЩһ͹ȥˡ
ǳﰾסϣϣѾӳѪӡӡ
ͻȻ˵ǰҪĲӣ뵽᲻ͿʲôֵĶֻøһξʵҽҩҵǻˣʺ󡣡
ƤҡҡͷʺҲϡֻҪ˵̫Ҿ͸ҩֿİţˣҪŻ
ʺסƣУ㲻УҲ˵
пɹܲôˣų˵˵ɽ
죡ʺĻûĶô̲ˡ
вܻʺ󣬼˵һɽԼҾСӣܰѽҩ˰ɡ
ӿӣָܽźƣУ̫š
ȻǳӻѵģҪǸˣͶ֤ȷ䣬ܸġ
ŲУѾ˵̫ڣҩҡ
׿书ں֮£ʵû뵽ʺˣϸϸǰΪʲôܹǺѲ˹ϵ
ڳкʱʹ˸ɫгһϸСİ˵עڳкʱаȻ˳ȥ

100 ŭ

ͬһʱ, ˻
Ѫ֣ʺ̫, ʹթ
Ը, ʲô֮, ӹȸһҩֹ, һҵٸ, ǰи̣һҩͱҪˡ
óҩӸ˳С
׶Իʺ˵ұҪһ·ģϾôĸ󣬿ҲûбҪˡ
ߣ
Ժ󺰵
ͻȻðϰ
ӽ, ޹ܷɳȥһֻӬǣ
ǣ쳹ʡ
½ҩĳ, ͶԸղһбʻûعĹػʺ, Զĳףףⳡλ, ǾҪˡ
ûһ, 䣡
׼, ߱߷Ը죬ȥɽ
ɽСɽҲв٣Ψһİ취ҡ
߳ʹͿڹſڵǫۺӢá
Χ, ӢȼʵǶұˣڿʲôϢˣ
ɽɽСҲ໰ǰȥ
󺰵㵹˵ɽôôɽһ
ɾҲֻ֪ҡ
˲ٶԣɽȥ
̲ȫ˶ɽѰ䡣
һϣڵڶ峿ҵˡ
ֽŴŢɽԱߵоԣƺ̣еѪա
֮ɽûκˣ
˹ȥһϢˣţ䣬䡣
죬ǫԸ̲취
ͳ»Ҳоߣͣźš
о˹˵ʲôȴָֻɤӷءһһе
һӾожˣšüͷĬԣᱧ𻹻Ե䣬Ժ˵оͻĵ̫ҽҽɤӡ
ֶԳ»˵ߣǻض
ŻеˣŬԼҪǾðõõľΡ
ͳ»Ѽ֮ǰ̫˵ʱ̫ӵǼΪƽǸ£ѹֵǱǻصġ
һ·ϣ׳ĬĿ£űϢ䣬ɫһ¡
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һ·䱧޵
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״Ŵ˫۽յˣڴߣͻȻ񲻶еӣһһ»ؿڡ
Լؿڴ·ҪʹһЩȴԽԽܣھΣڣۣЩһԶϮܡ
»֮ǰε̫ҽ·ϣ̫ж£»ãǾ̫ҽ¡
ػʺһһҪЩʲôѦҺ¦ҾؼʱʲôӣѦ¦ϫ飬̫֪ʧԼϳԷļһҲڡ
̫ӱ̫Ҫɳû˭ܱԼӸʸڻλˡ
̫ҽҲǴˣʱ򣬷жԼֻҪѽⶾҩӽȥͺãͲʲô¡
ͷ۵ǣˣͻٴܵشѹͲһ壬ˣܶ˴̼£
£̫ãƺ˴̼Ĺȣ֮ǰˡ
׵ɫ࣬ѹסԼҪȥ׵ĳ嶯˵㾡Ŭ̫ȥɡ
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ȥĵճźĹŮúչ̫
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»֣֮ǰӼɽ̫һʱ򣬼켸ҹ̫չˣΪҲһû뵽ȴҪĵܸоڵ̫Ӻƽ̫ʲôطһ
״ӻͳһӣϸɾϵգǰ˯ˣͷһǡ
ʱȭͷգ䣬ˣҾԲŹǽڼɽĹػʺ󣬻γеΪҶȻʮٱĻ
»Ů˽俴һۣԾһԲ޵
»
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ѾȵĵôûдţֱةฮˣͲ±˿ҵĹϵ
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Ѹ󿴿ҿ±µ˷֡
׻ͷˣ˿ˣҲȥϢ˭ҸºϢɱ⣡
üֻ˵̫ʧˣȥ´Ҫˣˣӣǡ
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Ѹ󣬽һ᷿һϣѾ̲סˣôˣڻϻڣƻʺµж²ס
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ѿе飬Сʵ̫
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޷Ƕǰ£顣ֻ㣬ж֤ݣͳͳػʺϡ
㡭
ұһ·ڿˡ֮ػʺѴ̣ĸӶŴҵĵߣҲˡұԸɱ¾֮ӦܵеĳͷϢá
ȻԼĸ֮ȴȻЩСΪǣԸıСˣһЩ൱ΪҲ޿ɺǡ
̫İãѿ׵ģûĵȻ͸ϧԼĸ֮ػʺ󣬿ĸӶȻ˶ֵ̫ܹ£İ̫ˣŭˡ
֮£㲻ضˡةˮҲ֤ٱһЩ
ʧЦ»˽ҡѽ¼ȻˣȻŹκûᡣ
׽вվסʹɥ֮ʱ֤ݼ̽ɥ֮ϣ㵱վȺǰЩĻ֮£˵Ҫ֮ͨΪĵʯˣԶԶҪΪǧˡ
ҲЩʱգ鵽˲ٵ飬׮׮ߣǳΪǧ˵ͷ𡣡

101 گ

Ӳ¥, ֱȥ̫ҽԺ»˻ʵ۵λ̫ҽǰ
λ̫ҽˣ֪Σ
˽̾ҡͷѾԣǾһˡ
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չ˸Ǿˣڲ
̫ҽһۣҾ񣺡ǡ
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Ȼ̫Ѿѯ, ˵˰, µĹӣ罫ڵϡ
ʵۼʹٺõҩҲాһգǼҩڵڶյ賿巵̫ܹܸ֪ͻףó»֪г͢س, ׹޵ڣ巵޹⣬ڶ̫ҽԣʵ۱ѣ޹һۣûֻƬжȥ
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۶⼯ʮˣװ̹ǣͬʱʹ̫ͻȻȥ̫ķΣһ£ʱ
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֮λϵĻʺȥˮվתóһگ飬Եĺơ
ߵ巵⣬Źһصĳٹ٣˻ʵԻ
˻ʵԻͻȻӰٹ־گ飬ǰ빫һȣڴҵȵĿɲеگ飬еĴλگ飡
һ˶˽
Űٹ٣ƱϾֻһūţΡ
޵ʺ߳׺ͳԶվӪС
ػʺùگ飬˵˵еǴλگ飬ȴΪĲĴλگ飡
ԭΪԼмگΨһگ飬û뵽лһگ飬Ҳ֪Ǽ١ͬһΪ˶λİˡ
ûϳ֤ʺеĲĴλگ飬ϳگ˻ʺ󡣡ظϴȺǰ
ȻˣβگóǼһĿȻѦҲվ
ԴӶӱŮʧ裬Ѿٲֻڿֳ֧Լпܼϻλǵųն³ˡ
Ѧվڻʺ˵ѽ㣬گڳҲ٣ǼٴҿһĿȻ
վһԲ˵ֻĿŹػʺһҪôϷ
峿̫ҽԺ巵̫ܹܸҹǱ룬Ƕ
ڿ˼ٵگϣǻʵ۵ּģµҲġ
ĴһƣͻȻ֣һֱ̻ʵ۵ܹܲӰ˵ʱӦڳġ
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˵ʵڲѾλگǻʺеıضαġ
Ѽ˵ȡΪ̫Ӵͻگ飬˵ӹȡگ顣گλӵȫ
˻һһЦѽ뿴گ飬ֵдвͬȻһıʴȴڳϸ΢Ĳ𡣶ɾϻۣҷǳˣɾ÷ӡ
ʺﶼ֪ԼگǼٵģΪûگµģһگҲǼٵģڿӣگпġ
񣬡ʺģǼһˮʯˡ
пŶѵӣԻʺֿΪگģǣ֪ҾͰˡ
վһԵĹظ˵οҪﵹæˡ
ʺȴЦ޷һʧˣ塣
ܿ죬Ӿگ˽گڴˡ
گ飬˷׷ӿǰһĿȻگġ
ˣ˻ʵԻ
˶ˢˢĹڵأֻлʺվԭأĺܺޣȻ֪ʵ۽Ȩ̫ӣλֻ֮û뵽д˴λگ顣֪ʵ۶֮ǰдگ飬Լǰʱʱĺӣϣû
ź˻ʵô꣬Թô꣬һ㶼ֻ֣Ƭﶼûĸӣȴĳ谮̫ӡ
Ȼأȴܹϵĸ˺һ񣬺͵͵ʧȺС
ŹػʺʺǱ¸µĴλگ飬ʺּ
ػʺľȻĹء
Ϊ̹𢣬̫ӳձӢ棬ʴ´Σȴλ̫ӳף
գ˫־گ飬˫ϥڳǰ꣡
г꣡
쳹ʡ
尡巵ԭ󿪵ĵͻȻرգ˷ʱܶˣͬɱ

102  

ݻδ, гŵһɪɪ
ʺǳ£ɱһ
˵νֱָС
ʺߵʮС̫༴̷, ذߴ, ȴǼ䱻Ļ
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ӵ֪书˿̲һն࣬ʱ̫, ˼ô, ׹, ȷʵеˣҲԺİš
״󺰡
ܶǺ˵Ķ֣أЩһʮӣֲԼĻˣԺԸӪǰԮ
ǵ£ߡ
ȥ, صңĺһЩ巵ҪѪɺˡ
ȴڿ巵ξˣ֪﹥һ֧ӣѾΧĽɱЩ˵书ûЩص̫ãռϷ磬ʹѳΪս
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ΣûرӰб˼˼󣬻ʵ۳ջرľȨ
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ʹеıȻвˡȷûʵҲⷬ
֪սף͹۶ıȫ뵽ˣ뵽رǷҲӳеĺԭԸرӪǿԸ֧Ԯˡ
ֻΨʧЩ书ǿ̫ࡣ
̫ƣϵӪӪװ
ƺƵʹнȴһ֧رסΪֹģر˵飬ԸЧұ£
ԭرԽУãδġ˴ζλرʱʹڵ֪Ȼگ鴫λף̾ġ
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˾֧֧Ԯܿƽ˻ңۼȥʺæúƴȥ
ȴ᲻ߣʺ㲻ܶһ߰ɣˮԶһͨӡ
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Ƶǰɡʺ󲻻书Ӳģڵޱѡ
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ʺųеУĸˣ߲ˣߣﻹ֤ͨݣ±ɡ
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һǰجΣѾãξѡ
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һߣڹſںһӢȻ׷ȥ
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һ㶣ɵķŻ˲ӣӢþ˵ʦ壬ʦ没ˣˣ˼ǰټ㣬ʦ壬ûˣʦȥ̳֮λɣܾˣʦһȥɡ
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˴ػʹΣرأַԸӢû׼ҴҵĻ˶
޵һ򿪣Ϳбڴߣⷭ飬棬ûв
Ծһİϸϴˢеƣ룬ǵͷǶյůƽĲ
е£ƺΪ˽գΪߵݸߺ꣬Ϊǰ֮˵İȣӵˣȴ˵ӣ԰䣬ʼվþһ͸λãץסֺ
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103 β

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Ŀ, ʵ£оôˣ
һʱ, ˰оĵ, ûʣЩ㣬Ѿ̫ҽˣġ
, ȥоƽ, ۵ȴЩ, 峿ɥ֪ȥվȥˣشΧ˻Ķ, ⳡ
ǣų, ǣо, ֪ԼΨһľǿŴգǲϵɱ
ֱɱʧ콥ڵɳµľ
һҲĬĬһнֻв
ãȥ׷, £ɫԽĲҰף̫ҽ˵˴̼͵͵۲ûɵСʵ䣬вʣҪȥоͲҪȥˡ
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ǰоʹˣҲùֻϣоһǹȥˡ
ֻ˰οԼ
á§ļĵȥ
ŰɫĲǰããһƬ俴Լŵīɫ˵£ҪҪȥ·
ŷӦû˵Ѿݱǰȴƺʲô֪ôɱһҲõȴʲôûʡ
ͣ˽Ų䣬㲻ңշʲô𣿡
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˼Ƭ̣Լõʱ򣬾ͷֻʺߵƹ书ϸһ룬÷԰ؽɽ˾ǺƣȫǸʱɱԼûԾһԼϵգӢõգȻҲںƵģվԼ
룬ƹӦò
ֻϧʱΪһˣԼıģֱԼǸʲôˡ§䣬ңԼ֮;Ƶİ̫ݣעòý
˸߽ĵͼо޹ſֱֱ棬ڵ䣬Ҳʮֵģ龰߶񿴵˽ۺ˹ǰоӵһ
оһεļͷ
֪оˣѾͷͿˡ
Ȼ֪Ľ̲סȤô˵ʱáѽоˣͲΪһʱ֮ɥ˵ǲһ£
룬ĻһЩ
оЦŵͷ
֪Լ˺Ѿˣ󣬻ǽʵڱУҪչԼӡ
˵о¼ݱˣʺѾΣնܵ˳ͷһ۳ףɳӭµľ
оæųҪй֮
æǰоչ̫йġ
оԲûչ˺㡣
оҡͷ˫֡
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Ҳãס˼ˣһ²úáתͷԸ»¾ͽˣһаհϲòá
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ͻȻס˵Լܲ˷λԼ壬ʹĸλҲ˼գʱɨ˳׵¡
л¡
ЦĲãΪоƣ仹Ҫһӣû뵽˵ûʲôʹ
һ磬ã䣬иɥǵҪͬ飬ɫˣЩЪϢ
߳ĵ
価ͬƽһԴооҲƽһ¡һöԷ챻Դװ⣬һöԷģװ⡣
ƺһжָ糣
׸ջصͼҴҸһϲ£ָʹˣһˣ˵Ҫ
ƻˣ׵ˡýȻһۣڷѹƴҽκ˰Ĳ֢һԲˡ

»һæȥӭǣմӽ̫ӽ޹̫ţһ֮ǰж֮£»˼ûǾȲ̫ӣ˴¦ǾӣǴ󹦳ģһҪȵǻһж䶨˵
һ߽ʱסˡ
ҽ
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׵Ҳû뵽µҽȴ˿ӡ
ҽЦЦ˾СѾͷüѪǺҩ
˵ҽȾȰģ̫ҽ˵ңǲܳá
ҽһƣؽѾ鶼˵ˣҸ߹ѾͷѩɽҾͿˣܾ;ˣҪҾֻˣҲֻ˵βã̫ӣϧʱɡ
ΪʲôײŵĿҽҽʶ㶼ܽ⣬ССĲ֢βˣ
ţһжиһһʲô壿
ҽҡҡͷ޽Ҳ޷θؽһСѾͷ
ȻӦѾͷ߸κˣͲκ˵
ϲʧһ˲£һĶǻϲһȫǱݣЩվȡ
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ǡ»Ҳζһƣʹ˸ɫ
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м£ȴǲò˵ˡ
ףһ·ѾʹҽܶˣõĴ𰸺ͽ죬һ񣬡£պѾˣ¼ݱλگѸ£ʺαگ飬췴ѱΣ´ʱǻ
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Ƶ£ڰ䣬ĩмӦ֪

104 ޷

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̫ƽʢ, ǳȴһܵ¡
ƿ׽ŵ, ĺһƵĴ˵¿ģʲôõ飬ֻǾ, ܲߵ, ҾõӦ֪, Ǿ˵ɡ
ʲô£
ƿЦҸ֪µʱΪ˵Ц
Ŀתƣᵽɤۡ
ƴ, ĬƬ, ̧, £ңġ
Σ˵ʲô䣬
ǰһڣǰԼЩʲô飬˲֪, ѵԼ𣿴ûиɫǽ㣬ӳΪɱҸӵˣ󣬰ĻԾǸôľʹ
ǳѩǼѩлļ£ûһӶӿСֲԼеһжԣΨ䲻ˡԭǳθͲΣʵģŻôȥݣ֪Żôоûбˣǲѹں˻Űɡ
ֲãһʼͶԼԼҪⳡİ䣬˽ĵ˵һỤȫȴ˺ۡ
һ˵ζ
Ƽ첻ֻüͷվԭأСĵʵ£һʼ˵ʱҲš
ָʹȳȥеҡȥ
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Ҳֻȥ
׶ĵ⣬ֻվŲ߽ſĿţҳ
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˿̵ҽ̸
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ҽǰĲˮЦ˵ҲǶѾͷüѪ
Цˣ˵ģϾѾܸмˣ㲻ҪһЩüѪûʲô᲻á
ҽϸü꣬ôѾͷ㲻ûлݣ⻨䷴ñ֮ǰζˡղҼ̫ˣҶ˵Щݻҽ̾һЩѽҪԡѾͷģҿû˵Ϊűġ
лҽ俴⣬ԳЦЦԭѾĺˣΪԼˣȴԽԽ̰
ǸɵѾͷ˲ģֻΪ㲻£ƵƷԣүһõֻء
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ҽȴһüͷطҲ̫ϲҽҩ̫࣬ռҶһῴѽʺϴƽϡٵĵط
ҽҪڵ۶㻹ףǾȹҪλľ
ҽҡҡͷʹɳʵۺѾͷ㶼ҵѣһǲϲѩɽȥ߿
һӾ뵽𰲣һֱǵоܵļ磬оûжСʱļ䣬ǰ˺󣬶˵˺ܶԼ飬ǵúҲһֱȥ
ߺܺãҼǵöϵؽһĵط˵
ҽЦѽҾȥһ⡣ȻӻͳһСƿӣѾͷüѪƳɵĹƶҲһõˡٶˣܻõڴɱڻиԸԾҲһֽѰɡ
ⶾҩɽ⣬ҸһƿϣԶҲõ
ҽˣҸˣԵ
ҲҽȥɣֳӦڶ㡣
˲߳ĵſⲽƺʮΪѵӡ
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վԭأҽ߹ȥ˵¡
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ҽЦ££ɳ»ʣҲҽȱҽߺһЩչ黹ҽߣɣ˵£ֻɲˡһ󣬡㿴СⲻǺúõվЩܵˣڿʼϧ¡
һͷͿվҽһɫȹ¹ƣ֮ˣ΢ЦĿԼ
Ѿͷˣ㱣ءҽӻ֣ȥ
ոճ˺ܶĻȴڿʱ֪˵ڡ
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ɥǣɥǵ飬ڿѾˣһɥǵ鶼ûС
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Цݽǣüͷ΢ʵڲڲҪͬ۶ԴһĳѰĻůˡ
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һȣʲô˵ңҪһЩʱ䡣תȥڴ֮ϡ
Լʱ֪׳֪û뵽ǣ׾ȻҲġԭǰѾƽϣʣͽǰһԴģڳ׾ȻҲģǰһͬһ
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һֱΪǰĳ׺ͽǲͬģڿ𣿼ȻһʣǰΪҪ
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, , ΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪɱҵĸ׺͸磿Ҫ˵, ȴָ޷͸ףǰ, ң, Ϊλᰮң
, ׷ס˫磬ʼգǰǽΨһֻ㣬ֻ㹲ߣͬ㳤ء
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жٸҹ͵͵ķ䣬콫ʱҴ뿪жٴΣҶվĴ㴵ࡶ˼жٴΣΪ㱻ҹߣȴ˿ұֳģ㱻ĸءҲ֪ں󹬣򲡶ˡ
ҸûҪɱĸ׺͸磬ǰǶҵĺһжᡣµǳţһǾӣ֪ʱѾˣʱʹ㣬㻹֪ˡʧٵǰһգץѦҵİѱѦҵĿƣҹҪ˵ȴҲû˻ᡣ
䣬ŬԼѦҵĿƣŬĸңŬҪȫȫµ˶֪Ҷĳ谮
ǡ
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˵Щǰܶ£ԭеᣬ峿ʱȵ඼Լ룬ġ
ǰ˺̫ãҪԭǰĳ
Ҳԭǰ㡣ܻм㲻֪˵ҶΪ˻סҵҸ㣬ʹҲ¶ҩǰҲ˶ãոҵĲҩ|ҩʱһΪҪ֪ʲôߵʲôԾ
䣬ôҪβңҶ˭㡣
һӾ뵽¦ϫ£ǰû¦ϫ´ˣǰҲ޴Ӳ𣬽¦Ǳ֮սĹҲζյĹߣȥײûеǻʽҪ¦ϫҲڻʱ򣬵Ǿ׷Źġ
˵ЩʲôأЦѲҪȥǰ𣿡
£ǰĳѾˣǰҲѾˡҺ޵ǰԭµҲǰǰĳкֿԣǰҵ˺޷ĥģЩ˺̫ˣ̫ˡ
ͣƬ̣תͷȥҪϧģֻǽ㣬ǸξΣе㣬Ǹĵ㣬ǸԸΪʧȥ㡣
ֻ˵Լǰδ˵Ļȴû뵽˼ǰԼѾ˵Ĳԭ¡Һã䲢ûųڵԼ
СӵסǵģǰĳѾˣӦá䣬ҲүͷңҽܶôŬס㡣
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׵䣬˵
ǰҼǵǵµǻ֮еʵģΪλҳ˱˵жҲǸλˣֻ밲ӿ𣿡
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䲻˵׳˵Ķԣʼվò
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ΪˣôݣǹҪĥɵÿЦԼʱĵӣĿԣ⧲ʱ򣬽˵ĳס
ЦЦ䣬ǰ˵˹𻨾ƣʲôʱ
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ߵױ̨ǰȡ·ϵЩˣǡ
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Ųߵſת䣬лл㡣
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䲻ңֺˡ
ЦЦãҵŵ¡
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ߵ·ͼ»ӭûҲߣԵȵЩˡ
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˵꣬ŷ֣ԼɫԣһӾ뵽ҽ˵Щʱڳȥ
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ԭΪ׻ܸˣϾϾҪǻΪˣȴһ꣬鲻ѵӡ
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׳һǣѽʲô˵ˡӢãӢãǲƣ
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áҾúƲӦģʺҲṶ׷ǳƶ
ȥһԡ
׵ͷԸ»Ӣã
קסӢãóһСƿӷŽС
ƿҩἤһ棬ԼĴ°ûڣڴڻþԾĲʹ࣬ΪƲԸЩ£Ӧǰ֪ǷǶԴ֪ˡϣҪִĴˡ
Ӣýӹеҩƿ߽ȭҾų»ȥΣ۽
ûãʹϢ˵ԾС
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ԻᰲźһУհٹٳػʺͳеҲǸѸˡ
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֪ΪʲôԴӶʧٺԵĻŲɣȻ˵ˣܷܳڣͲΪִΪ֪֮ᷢʲô顣
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ͻȻʵҼǵ֮ǰʧʱҲǷҪȥ£ΪΣ
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״ҪǷΪ֮£
ȥ괺ҸʱԸ֮ˣҪҫҵʱ󲻹Ҫ˶ãλҲ
ԭˣⲢ⣬ϾǰҸ˲ʵ
£ͬһʣʵڲԸҲǿ󡣡
յ£ԶԶԵſڡ
Щ֣ʵʦδ֪֪ǻ
ҲɥǽѾλˡЩЩȷ֮ˡ
Խ˴Сɳò裬Ϸţ˳ȥ
׵ѻ֪ǧ֦ڣʦ˵ðλȫǺ⣿
ȴЦˣƶɮ˵ģǺλ˼򵥡ʣɳһŮܱȵùŮʩޣҫѻ񣬺αضһʡ
˵㵱˵ҫǻʺ֮λ𣿡
Ҳǣںλ˵벻кβ𣿲ʽˡ
˵ҫѱȫ֮ˣЩļ
ЦѸıԭҪߵ·ʱǱʱʧ֮е鶼ˡƶɮգЩԶλ˵ҪԶߣٻ
ų׻񣬡´󶨣ʹȻɣûµĵˣֽ֮ԼµҿҲ֪᷿ȺЩҪŮʩ˵
ʲô׾㲻Ҫ԰˵ֵֹĻǺòߵա
ӷ𣬲˵ҲգҾ͸Ůʩһ仰ɡѹѶԸѴɣֻδҪԾʱʩȴһ˽ΪһЩԵв̰һ
˵ôֻˡʱȴһ˽Ķû
ʦɲÿ˵ʱ˵һЩ
ȴȴһ˽΢ʣʦȻ´󶨣ʲôǰҪȥѡģ͡
ʱ޶ࡣ
ҪˣҲ񣬴һʼ˵лûܹ
ҪˣټʱȻͶƶɮ˵лˡ
λʩأƶɮʧˡתȥһ֪ˡ

107 ٳ

˻, ϻعڳ׼ͷϸϸ˵Ļ䲻ȫ, ȴһһ䶼ס, Ȼ, ԸѴɡʲôõĵ, ֻҪԼںļѶ, ʹھԼ߻Ȫ·Ҳûʲôÿϧˣԣٻܻȥأ
, һó»ʺķ͹, һͬμȺ硣
áḧĺ󱳡ڵֻһ뷨, İʲôİҪʲô͸ʲô˵ЩֵĻȻʲôûз, ͲҪӰ֮ദ
, »ĸ׸, µ۴׺ƽⲻһܣҲǵһμλǵ
»ѿɵˣеĹػʺͳпùһͣ», Щ֬ȥҸˡ
»û뵽ӣԼȴЩ£صǡ
ǻ˳ʼԲ»ʵһٳ
չ֮ϣٹߵݣꡣ
ƽͶ֮ʾԣûаһϳ;ִ٣ϰԵбϣǷɵӡ
ϺƽûмҲûϲãûнţȻ˵ΪȻΣ̳лλλֶɳģְأͬһôɳʢ
ȺݣȶϹѡ
״ɡ
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׵̲飬ɡ
ڡ
ҴݾںúÿǷʵ
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̲ӹʱ̾»ʵ۵ֶΣͬǫȥ
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ĵȥɣ㲻ǻиӣհɡ
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ûٺУǸľͷһˡ
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˵ǰǻʱȣô˸ȹ̣ûܶҡ
˳ɡ
ڳݣߺꡣ
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һʱ䣬巵ѱ˸ӣҲݡ
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108 Ⱥ(1)

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һ, »󺰵Ὺʼ
˲ѻȸ, ˶֪, չأǵǻ, Ⱥ۹, ų켺ǽ󹬣߼֮糯ʱ, µѾüԵǿӲֶζ, ӦǺ֮ˡ
, ԭ̫Ϊʺھǲ֪֮λ˭ˡ
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ȵʱ, ͻϡͬ, ڱ, 벻Ѷȡô䣬֮ٶ˳ѣǫ, ӦĸڹԲᱦΪʺղ
񲿡
ڡ
վǺӡ
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ּ
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ۿ¦ϫ£¦ϣѦ¶֤ȷ䣬ȴǴҪͬʱˣ֪
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Ц¦ϣѦϸ˶ģ˵ݺ㣬޹ҪΪˣ¶ĹŮٵС̫࣬澣˶ʣԽָ㣬ȴҪƱ磬ɶ
ˣ
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109 Ⱥ(2)

Ц, ĸ㲻ᵱΪʱϲѦϰɣ޷ȰʲôҪ˵Ҫֲ档
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, ΪԼʲôóѦ𣿲ǣԼѾܺ, ֪, ⶾҩѦ붫ʱġ
Ѧֻǿޣ˵ֻһ뷨ȥ乬Ҫȥʹػ, ҲǺõġ
Ż̫˵ˣѦ͵ϳԱĲκζŮ£Ҳ񣬳ϥֻһŮˣܷϳ׼Ůϻ磬۶
Ѧ֪ʹԼߣʵҲԼϽеȨˣʱʶһ㣬ٻһŮѷ乬뿪
̫󲻽磡
һ˵ѦҵģΪԼܣ֮ʱҲǣ̫֮λ䶼֪ԨԴ̫δġ
׼ࡣնѦƷвˣʧΪ񣬼ճ붼ǡ
ѦͺѦߵףл¡ꡣ
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׿Ȼز˵¦񣬵¦Ϳ๦ߣû뵽ŮƷ˵Ĳʹѽ
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һҪ乬ǸڰģģһĵطȥҲҪ
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110 

ܿؽ, ѩһһӻ˱ңߵʱ仳ݺݵĿ˺þá
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ĥ˵С§סվȥ˵ҪʲôʲôҶ㡣
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ͳ»һͯ·һС˵·оʱһװɸɾӵĳ׺ڵ۶ĴСϡ
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һСʳ̯£˵ϰˣ⽣Ҫʮ룡
оվЦط֮ǰʱ˾һжɾɾȻɽµĻҪóЩ
޽ôãʳģôˣ֮ǰԼϲС̯ԶˣϲŶɾɾ
죬£۶óԵˡкš
׵ʼţյİԽԽɰ»ͺ˻õĻʺ󣬶ЩӦ
оȴһֻĸоʱԼӾֿʵӣֻ̫Ӻ󣬲űóĬ  
ϰܿ룬˵λȳţϾͺˡ
Ӿһ⽣̵ֱﴵʲôû˺ϲҰ̯ӵϰո
ǵأʱѾˣ£ϰ˵ǹˡ
׳Ծʵն𣿰䣬ԭôϲ⽣Ҷ֪
ͷţ̧ͷЦ˵Ƕԣһоѿӷŵо㳢ǲǸζˣ
оͷȦ̾ͺˡ
ϲ⽣ϲͶ硢ڷ֮Χ˽ľű˴˵ĺԶʹû⽣һлҲܳԵýζٳһ룬Ȼһ·˵ЦĻظĲζǳԶʱָо
ȥˡ
˸һӣСϣһ𣬳»ͺȥԱߵӡ
׳һ۾ͷĺóԣ䣬ôóԵĶ㻹ǵһδʲôóԵĺҲ֪ģ
ѽ˵ÿʮԲʱݽŶŻƣ³мᣬĩˣֵĺء˹͸ˣµգͲʵƣãܿǧסء
Щֻûвгı̤֮һܼǵסЩӣҪŻҲͣ˼̻̫Զˡ
ߵŮӣͻȻǰδеů䣬ɲԴҷŻƣµգף
֪˵̫̫į˼û˼˵á
ܿݣӣǰҲͨ˼ҵɾô޼ɵĳֲľܾǲһӶЩ£һһ
ͻȻЦɵڵʲôأģҲ̰ģᵢµġ԰ɣˡ
ͷ⽣һ뻹û꣬ϰֶ֪ǽշˣȷʵǰˣٳһ㣬ȴҲԲڶˡ
Ҳûôһ۴С
ķڼ٣ղôˬҪ룬ֳԲ£׿ܳԶٳԶ٣Բʣ¡
ֲ⽽ӣ¿ӣʵڳԲˡ
оԼδӵһ˹ȥ»ͺԼ˹ĳǲǰ⽲óԡ
ڳһ⽣ü˵ȷʵأûеһóԡ
俴ų׵ͻȻЦȻҲЦˡ
䣬ǲˣǻعɣ
ȷЩˣҲû߶·ȴúƣ롣ͷվסʹķȥ
˹ɫ֪϶۵ˣ˷˯£ԼҲߣ§סҪ˯Ŀ˶𣿡
ı䣬۾ͷͻȻֳ𣬸䣬䣬˵ҪȥŻƣµգףҪ˵Ŷ
һЦˣеʱǸӣǵˣˣ¿˯ɡ
£§סܿ硣

111 Բ

˯, ߹Ǹ·ڣվһϣûдɮֻۣһ򵥵, û÷, ͷҲ, ȴݡ
˵գײϻر, ұΪ˵Ҳ, ϸϸվǷĲ£Ժѡ·̰һʱ˴
߹ȥ, ˵, ȴԼҲ, Ҳֻ䣬š
, ǰ, ɳ̫ƽʢ׽ʬ屧ڱ, ֽ˱ң棬թƹɱ˳ףǻΪۣʩС, Ĵսɳ𣬰ʧʬҰһн㱾ôڣȴ˴˵ȴ˵˸ı䣬֮ˡ
Ϊ˲ҷ˲ϧУóżȻΪִˣסֻһλᣬҲֻһλᣬ̰һʱĻ䣬һлصԭλǲŻҵһѽ
Խʧ·ľͷ䲻ʸȴȻѣһ亹
ͣĴںתͷȻ˯ˣþ޷
ԭĻƭԼʲôʢʲô꣬Ŀꡣ
ǰĳ׵ôԼԼó˿ɳ֮ΪսıôԼѽ
˵ʲôԼôڣԼںδأʧһǲǶᷢˣѲǰԼǻã
ðսң̶ĲԼҲǳףôһжǵĴǳʲôػʺʲôԣӦóеһеˣڵõʲôͷǲǴʮ˲Ϊһû֮һأ
ЦԼΪ׵ִҲִлʧȥļˣͺɱԼ־Լԣ˾ǳ˻ǶˣӦú޻Ǹл
ԭѾǰĳ׺ͽĳԴˣԸǰ׵ִĻᣬѵҪԭˡ
ȴ˵Ҫ̰һʱ䣬Ǻ͵ǻǰ˵ʱҪһ˽ô붼ͬһ˼
ʲôʲôŻôһ٣ٶǿʱתΪ˳ףôĴھǶǴôڣôΪλڣ
ܶ飬벻סԳһֱߵ˺¶Ĵ⣬ûһ֮£øǰ˺ԾӵĽ߲ܺΪʲôҪǰһе鵽ͷϣ
һʱʲôһ˽ʲô̰һʱ䣬ʱйһ˽Ǳߵ˽գŬȥˣĿȥɡ
Լʶʱ׷˸ְ§§ƽ
ȷΪԣЩȥЩˣʱһжˣЩ˺Ҳܵ˳ͷ͹ˣ˵Щ׵ĻҲȥס
Сèһ׻˲䡣
ů۾ſ˼룬˯ȥ
ۣѾȥ糯ˣ
ϣױ֮ʱоָָüĺָָۣȻš
ʱоѾĬˣ̾ףǳ֮ǰ³䡣
֪ˣо
оЦ췢١俴žооԴ֮Ц˺ܶ࣬ͬԸһˣͻȻЩûЩʱоһ˼ңоܾʱԼ͸ǿӲһЩ
ӣ뿪Լˡ
򸣣
̫๬Ůʰǳ糯ˣæȥӭȴԶԶɫЩء
һ̧ͷӭ̻Цֱӽ޵ڣױ̨ǰϸëպ֬Ϊꡣ
꣬׷ëʣĬƬ̣˵䣬հҹԴʦԲˡ
Բˣԭˣҹͬģ֮Ҳƣж಻ȥŻжԼ˵Щ
ʶģܸоһбȻĵҲẦ
˽úð˰ɡ
ʵ䣬㣬ǰֻûȥ£ɼǵλʦ𣿡
һʰסˣǰƺȥµģҲֻȥ֣û˵ʲôԴʦôһ룬ƺģԴˣͻȻֵġ
ƺûˡ
˾ͺΪǵֵģڳ׼λͻȻԲš
һжǸԣԵԲţҲûпԭɵˡ
ԭһѾ˱
ų״ױ̨ǰˣŰɡѾһˣʲôûУʲô룬һһ졣
ܿ쵽أԽԽˡ¦һڵӶ˴
ǸӣһʼۺӢҲѡ죬˭֪¦ҵײˣӢõûʲô˵ʥϴͻ飬ǲӦô֣Ҫѡӣһѡѡ·ݡ
꣬¦¦ֻصر߽룬߽սʿ࣬Ӧñȱ˶õһЩغ
ڣ¦ϫҲѾͻˣûʲô޻ܼǺ޵ͷϣͻȻ뵽ûа¦ϫǰһϵľܾˣ¦ϫڻʲôӣ¦ֻʲôӡ
̶˵Ļɳˣ¦Ҳ·һɣ֮ѣƼΰ
Ը¦ܳΪһңɳʷŨīزʵһʡ
һůһûʱͽůǰ׶ι|кܶµ뷨ԽԽ糯Ȼͼλس¡
󹬾һˣʱȷʵЩ峿ױϣͻȻԼڶĵµĹ𻨾ƣʱӦˣоͼһͬȥȡû߳巵ͨ˵
þûˣܸˣ˻ʺżһε͸磬ǣܺú˵ˡ
ʱСֶˣ÷褱źӽһ죬һ죬ˡ
˵ҲһԼԭôˣҲУҲǲ׼ģܶԷ˵ԼֻôӦš
㣬СֶҲкþûˣŹȥأÿȥơ
ɵץסúʣرľ񾿾жæԼʱһԶٷʱ䶼ûС
롣
һ߽;ɣ٣صˣԽԳˡ
ʻʺﰲ򸣽𰲡
ң֪ԼŲû£ǲġ
ֳǷæأһظˣȥһԲ㶼û
仹Ǹ䣬İֳһֱ
ƵȷʵǾæ
£Ȼôæôпңֳܱܲ͸һȻǻʺ󣬵Ҳǵİѽ
üͷ΢壬ȴһ£΢æ
ˣҲͰˣǺűŤֳ֪ףڣǹأˣ㵱ɻʱҾͺã˵ɣʲô£
˵ȴ֪±˾Ǳˡ
֪һ£䣬ǵãʱ˵Ҵӱһ͸ҵҽԸ
ͷǵá
Ƶ޽أɻǵã

112 

˼Ƭ, ƺ֮ǰɳһλսĽ֪Ϊλնˣȫ, ;, ֱȫɱ
ƺôһλ
۽΢, ҵĸס
ס
ƾﳼ֮ӣ׹, Ϊε͸ҪܻԼ֪Ƶݡ
ǸСĶ, Ƽ˵ѾͬսʱҲŸոѧΪԼһұʱ, ͨѹ, ȫ, ̶ɱұĸ׻л
ҼǵʱɱǵѾ, ĸһ, и, ֮ұǸ׳ս⣬ĸԸ䣬ϲͬЩ˽ԣҲûж˼ңû֡
䣬㻹ǵ, Ҹʱ궼ֱЩӣŸҳǸʱȥܸҴóԵĺĻÿμŻıңĵʱˡ
ǵˣʱ˵˲ܳȥȻҲˣÿԺϰյʲôֵĲ֢оһܳĹ£Ƶһˮ
һڣ˵ʱͲ󣬵ҲһЩˣҵļ׳̵Һ͸Ҫգñ飬ұһҳλͨУ
ŵ·ϣ׶Ը˵û飬Ӫ﷭ڹû֪Ϊλ
ҪŪôµͷû⼸һֱڰвҵʱɵุܶ׵ϲΪܵǣ뿪˾Ӫôһֱͼͨҵǣ˽⵱ࡣ
֮ǰȥݣ̰ī֮±;ضϣǰʱϢȥˣҵ˵길ߵָ
˴Ƹпǧվָǰʱ֣ʮּ˵Լ֮ǰϽƣһʱʱ飬ݺᣬҭ
ָ˵Ÿ׻Ͷڹ϶ݺû֤ݣȴ϶ǻʺĸҹؼΪ
ô˹ؼͷϣʺ󱻴ظ֪ⲻ٣ڳµ͵ԲΪɣȨʼϵðҲ˶ĳҪȺʱϻ硣Ȼ⣬ֻڴǹ١
ǣƾ²⣬ؼң
ҡͷ䣬ҲҪԩԩ౨ֻҪڣؼҳԩѩǼҼӦñڳϣ
仹Ǿ仰û֤ݣƽȥôˣǸڹӵνͣ
ͻȻЩ˵Ǹһֱ̲İڣָ˵Ǽٵġ
ٵģе㲻⣬ȻǼٵģΪε̲ûз֣ǲ׵ģε˾ѳֻưװ׿ջϲһ
䣬ܲȰ̽һ̽µĿɷ̲²һöƣ
ƽĿġﳼ֮ӣԸؼҳԩѩ
ãһᾡ̽һ̽µ˼
ƳĬƬ̣䣬ô꣬㣬ﲻܣҲΪݣЩʼն˵ںһ
ЦЦҲ㡣ֳǰͬ³һȥ֮ǰǺͶ糣ȥǼС̯һֱǵǼһӣǶʱ⣬ҹĺÿģԲʲôݣ㶼ҵĸ硣
ƵͷһҸӣҲܿģ̇ͷ䣬ܻؼף㲻ҵĶˣҲϵĶˡ
ֳؼұ׵ģҳõӦģ¾ͽҰɣ˲ӦñŪӦñ֮ڡ
˵ɬ֪Сͺڰ׷ҲĽӵ⽭ɽֻĽߡ䣬ֹջǿʵ䣬Σ
ҾҲҽжϴˣܺء
òõģֻˣʹʱԽԽƵԽԽûθڣҲԽԽöˡڻŵʱ飬Ǿٺòˡ
ЦΪ°Ѱչ˵ĺܺá
ֳһʱһҪͬһԲѽǲǺܾûпСֶˣСһڿϲָˣСץͦоء
ϲӣ֪Ҳ֪԰壬Ⱳӿû취ĸˡ
ã´һЦ
ƣо͹ȥڹ𻨾̳
ģ΢úʣǰȥ꣬ڣ򿪵һ̳ƣϵһھƣǸоֱҪˡ
Щ澱ֱŵӣżԼԽԽģȫԼ״
һ̳ƵʱͻȻһ麹ǰһ󻨰ףЩ赹
оһӷסƬ̣úöˣҪ߶;ñһһ£ȫѪա
оæã齹ԵĹ澿˾Ҫȥ̫ҽֹˣȥģ
ͣס˽Ų俴Եļ˵Ѫ飬ܸκˣ£˭Ҫñ֪ˣ̱У
սսĹµǡ
ĵСͤЪϢƬ̣ѪҲˣָ˺ö࣬Ż巵
ͻص巵ɫɷ׵߽æʵ䣬ôɫô
Ц£ǽ֬õˡ˭ԭͷɫأ
ҲЦ˫ס˰죬ϲӡ
ھͶͿһЩ֬˵žױ̨ǰ֬С
׽ְסãôÿȻ˿еŮﶼž̳
䣬𻨾ˣ
ͷѽͿˡ
׵ٹվǴˣسҷ˶Ҫμӣ궼ǻʺ֣ϯͺãһ˶źõġ
չ˸첲»⣬ǰ£ȥϳ
䣬ڴϣɻؽǰĶ֮ǰʱǱضûĹ𻨾ơ
ôܵͷһתӹ»ϵĳ׸¡
»֣޵еĹ˶ˣ˷š
ҳ˳հҵǿЩսĽʿһ׸һʵ
䣬һֻоǿвŲַŲ죬ЩսʿǱҲԼĸĸ޶ңҳԹž÷Ҳǵġ
д󽫱ͨǺܿ£ǰ˵ƺȻ䣬һλ޽ˡ
ץסΪ´֣䣬ڵʲô¦Ჽؽ󳾣ģѹĽûеģΪûɣٻǲȱ˭˻ԼĹ汲Ӣ飬
ʵǵ޽ô£
׵һЦ䣬Ǵ˵ʲôҵİɡ

113 ԩѩ

䲻˵, Щε衣
ʲôܸأ̽ҡߣס֣, Сġ
Ծɵͷ˵, ֪׶Լ, ¹غԼɲ, ¹غ, صѹ֮£Թŵڹµ˼ò
Ȼ֪, Ҿ˵׳˼˰˵һС, Щʱ, ҲѶˡ
ؼΪͬһǺһɳģֻɳδ֮ʱ, һʱ, ؼΪܸߡ֮, ؼұµ͵פر߽޽һڹ޽ɱУ˵оʼҾͷʢ, ּǷǣΪɳ򡣲֪޽ΪΣȻּ񣬲ûн
ʿͣ޽ҹع˵ҹ巵һϣ֪˾˵ЩʲôҲûбҲûж޽ּ֮
һ꣬Ѫȥ߽΢ѲƲ֣˹ظϽǡøʽ̵ҵѧҵʶԹظ˵ֻ߽֪ޣ֪ޣС˵ԺҪؽ̡ʾ뿪ˣ֮˵ЩʲôҲ֪
ûʱգ޽ͱظ൯ͨѹŭܿˡ
̾䣬˿Ľƾһƣһ߽ңʱҲףȴˡ
˵꣬ҲˣؼҲǻʵӡӹɻľǹ߸ӵˣ޽ȷЩ԰ˣⲢܳΪҳڵɡ
£޽ԩģԸ⻹ף
䣬Ϊأ
ȻҪΪؼҳԩѩϻ˭֪ǵף²˵ԩȥؼΪɳͷ­Ѫս߽ѵӦṇ̃ҪѹֱԶʷǶָ࣬Ƕ٣ЩעҪЩķ׹ѪˣӦеɡ
׿䣬Ϊ֮һԶܸԼȷ壬Ǵӹġ
ãԣ糯Ҿ̲³鵱顣
ʱе飬Ҳˡ
£ʵóô鷳ǸйӵǼٵģֻҪ̲Ӿóһ鼴ɡ
ɻĿ䣬䣬Ǽٵ飬֪飿ҡҡͷ֪ôĬ
սŲ豭֣΢΢üҧ´˵£˵޽ѪϣµΣ
˵׸Ҫʣȴʯ뵽ʲô̽ʵˣѵƣ
һӾסˣЩĲˮ֪ӦóϻӦ÷ϣϾʱﳼ֮ϣ󣬾׵۾֮ѽ
䣬Ĳˮﲻȣˡ
̧ͷһƵĳףƺһЩһȲŽԼС
˭ﶼΣҵľˣڱңҪûĽͶˡϸĽ鷢󣬡䣬û뵽޽ĶӣֲսȮӣӦڣؼһˡ
סļ򣬡ʹƣҲӦΪ޽ԩѩʷĴӵļȻ֪ˣͲӦôȥ
䲻˵Ŀļͷṳ́ʵɳ뷱ʢӦòԶˡ
׹ȻУûվΪؼҳԩѩˣǹ˵ûк˳
̲ľﻹʲôƣȻ˴Ҳˡǫ취˸ٵģ¾ǽˡ
Щ飬Ȼǻԣƭֻ֣ҪܴﵽĿģʵĹ̾ΣҲûôҪˡ
׻ؼ֮ǰĸ֮ۡӵݡˣӴԺӣѹ޽ĶӣֻؼֻʣһˣȷʵһЩ
¹ӵƺţڳƵĿжЩ֮飬ټϳ׵ãʵĳ購
ܿ쵽˴磬Ұͬ죬ڿտĻʹǰٰ¡صĴ硣
ⳡ᲻ͬȲǳϦڵļ磬ҲǵǻȺ磬ʵμ˶⵱ǻʵ۵Ŀ϶
ȻʱѾкü겻ٰˣ»ʵǻʱղã֮ǰĹأٰⴺ磬Ȼεġ
ûй뷨ֻԼǻһ꣬ԭȵ񷨰ˡ
պгݺ裬ｻ
ظ϶žƱΡΡǰ£ϳ֪ͷԲ壬޷ΪҳЧɷ׼ϳ
ƽ糯֮ʱظϲ˵ƫƫҪѡⴺ˵ûҲ糯࣬ԼԪϣȴ³Ը̫Ρ
˿ѰƣΧ˶ɵֹͣ˽̸˹
ЦЦظ˳͢س޻迼Ƕɡ
£΢ѾظžƱԸȥƺҲƶˣǲġ
Ȼˣ׼ˡ׶ǰƱһԱɡ
عظѾ׼װ͵뿪ֺαš
Ȼظϻصλϲãȥˡ
׿뿪һƣһԵĻ̫λϣһԡ
ǰЩ֮ԵˣھֻʣµݹˣڵݹݸȴǺֻܱС
תͷһ䣬Цݸ䣬ǾȤȥͬ飬ɻҳɡ
ȴǿЦһЦ£ҸȥϿ͸磬˶࣬˵强ġ
ǲȥǽ𴲺󣬾;ܲó׵ģҲоģǿױϯ硣
ԽسһۣŻð亹
׿Щߣ䣬ʲôʣ
ƽɢˣ磬ЩˣȥϢ𣿡ԼټˣЩϯĺá
ãϢһҾ͹
оվȴ˲תǻӿһæͷǣסо֣˿ϡ
ߡо˵
оȥ
û߼ֻʪģͷԽԽ裬ǰԽԽ壬ŬԼǰУȴһŲؿɲʱۣͷһ³һѪ
ԱߵĹԭǵͷģͻ⣬̧ͷ˲䣬г
Ǿɵģȴ޷ֹʹͲͣӿѪҺоԽԽûǰһƬģʧȥʶ

114 

ԭһգգĿ, ε̷ǰ𣬴Ҵ硣
һ֮Ѹ, ˶⧲, Ƭ̰, ˽֮
ڸղŻʺεĵطһƬѪշۡ
Ҹֺڵ
뿪ķ, ֵ, ֪벡鷢չѸ١
̫˵ʺ岻ʣҲؾţɡ
ô˵, ճ, ÿ̸֮ٲ˶Ըղųĸֲ²⡣
ܿ¾ǳ˳һ, ˵۶ĴС
ڴʮգڼַ˼βŵ̫ҽ, ̫ҽԺҽ, оҩ, սľײߣ㲡
ԭ˴ģȴˣηڣò̫ҽԺеԼҲû˼
ҸۿѪ赹, ĵ£巵յȺʮգ˻ûѡ
˾֪ʺ˴βأزҽ˵
һ峿˹
Ȼˣǲа̫ܲҽֻϺõҩĵҲЩصҩģϢ˼գˣһ¾Ǵߴٳ״񣬲ҪΪԼ¡
ò糯ĳ״Ҫ˳֮ʱȻ࣬£ʺ屧˷̱£ʼã³ӯ󹬣ѡ
һＤǧˣѧʿ»µ䣬иɾǰԻʴΪأѡ󹬡
ЩεվԭأĬ
վ˳λǱ¼£ľͲҪ˰ɡ
ةԷҲӼ¾ǹ£ʺʵʵ޴ȣڹͻỢԹöǻǶΰ֮Ȼʢһֱдԣãֹ֮ѽ
󵨣ѵڰߡѵõұǿ׳Ҵɼʮ갲̩ݣ˵֮ǲеѽ
»念Щԣʮ꣬ʮأ˵ʱҿӦȻһ巵ʮӦá
üͷʵҲЩ˵û̫֪׵ˣħһ㣬װŮӣģԼ˵Ͼû˵ˡ
ĿһУ֪֮ԸĿŵȰΪϣȷʵ޷ǣôȴû
£ۣ˳
֪ʷϣȷʵûһͬһ㣬ֻһʺ󣬼ûҲûá
ͰһǸжãܶסЩ˵ڿˡ
֪ɻôãҲûУԵˣ⣬͸ûпˡ
ʲôϵиڰġ˵ʵʹڸһˣҲ˿û˼ֻᷳ
Űɣ϶Ƕðɡ
ȴһʰÿ۶гᵽ£ͳͳ²ÿ糯ضἰҲᡣ
涨ȻΪɳģҲΪԼѡѡڳ֮ŮСžţ
Ȼ׿ͣȰ֮²ûʺ֪в͸ǽһٲ֮ˣǰͲûʺ֪ġ
ԷʹĶѽТ޺Ϊ󣬸οǻʼҡСʫǵŽ̻壬֪Լڸ֮£ͨҪһһһ˫ˣҲ֪ٵ״ˣϵʱ
λĲףûм̳ߣɽҪˣԼҪкڿ޿ܣǾֻһ·ˡ
ЦԼأһ£һꣿʣµܳϣãס
ϣԼȻҸģҸԼģʲôϵأ
ŵʱ̲סˡ 
֮£¿ǵˣ
׷꣬˲
˭µģû˼»
ڡ
ȥһ飬˭ҽ
»ˡ俪û˵ԼҪʵģʵ£²ҵġ
׵䣬˵ҪΪ˺󹬣һˣҶĳŵôܹʧأ֮Ҳ÷ϣ뷨
ҳŵ֮ʱΪԼԶڿǲˣǲˣ˵ΥĵĻƭԼҪʵûиΪŮȴ˽İֵ֮Ȩ˵㲻εһ𣿡
һ򶼲Ǹ˽ˣżȥʱ׶ԺӵϲǿģԼΪûлĸ׶ѹأлᣬȴӲҪҪ
䣬㲻ô˵ҪףֻҪǹͬӵĸףǺͱ˵ġ 
֪вһ壬ǲкӵġ¶һŶۣҪ£念Ǿͬġ㲻ˣҪԼ֮Ȼܹĺã𣿡
ۿ죬˵ͷĺһ㡣
ףβסڱжΪҪ˵ЩΪҪƴߣԺܹĺ𣿼ʹǸҸ˲Լ
ߵſڣͷ䣬Ժ󶼲Ҫ˺úõ塣
оźϴϣȴû˯⣬ӿȴЩĻӣġ
ϵĹ£ֻ׽һ룬ͲˣϸϸȴЩŮӵľˡ
鷢ȻԼ˵ĻҪʱ򣬲̰һʱ䣬Ҫһ˽
Ц˵Ī£ûȨ
ԭΪܽƽϢͰ䰲ȶȹʱ⣬˭֪Щ¶Ȳˣ˻û˵ʺصĻаͲ˸Ͽް˵ļơ
糯ϰȭͷյĿ죬þȫѹŭЩ˾ƶŸ˷ҪɱһӰ٣ԼӴ徲
飬ʺѾã̫ҽԺĵÿ糯˵Щ𣿡۾ţ
Ϲأ΢ңֻǵǻʼѪ⡣
Ǿ㻰˼ˣ
ϳҡ
ͷƬ̣ƽڳʱⲻ꣬гմ֮ڸϾһ°ɣ˳
ʵ˵ԭأȴüͷвǸζ
ͬϵõĳûվԣƽﲻôģԣǼû˵ʺĲǣҲû˵ԼĲǣֻǵԣ⵹޴ӱ粵ˡ
ʵ˵ʺã˭ﶼ̫ҽԺϢͷɵ۶֮ˡ
ױΪչĶ徲һЩˣû뵽ڵ۶Со֮ȴ˸ִԡ

115 


ճϲ˵лǻʹﴫ, ʹŴűӡ
ʺɷأӣһ˻ʵ۵á۵֪˭һ˵ڵģݱ, ʺת, սҼ̶˵ҥԡ
֮, 䴫ԽԽףʱʱ, ׻ѳ׹Ĵó˵, ˵ֻϹ۾ΪΪ˾ȵʱ̫ӵı£ʩΪ, ̶ɹ
ҹĵʿ˵ǲɹĻ
ΪһѪε, Ӹ߸ϵĻʺ, ڵǽʮʱ䣬Խ, ޷ʰĵز
Կη, ֻͨ, λ߸
ʹΪӣ޷ʵ͵֮˵ҲǺް취۵˺ʵ̫󣬻ʵóտڲԣȴðղ˵
ǳ׹ڽͻƺһʼ, һһİǵĸ޷ƵķǾǸɵһⳡ޿ɿܵǰʼղԣֱΪ˵롣
ΨһľЩԲҪĶУʹڴ£ܶµס˵졣
оˣ˵ˣ֮ǰӣ֪˳˶ټˣЩֻһ뷨Լǧ
ǵ˶֪ʱΪô֮ǰԼеŮ֮ϵ£»ݺݵĽѵһôҲ˵ˡɴü澲עʱ򣬻˹澵·̫޹ΧתһȦʲô֪ˡ
ЩʱΪʲôɳ֪飬ΨԼ֪ˡȷҩģʲô֪
ԻˣΪʲôһжΪûΪʼҵ𣿲Ϊƻ¶һˣ˿˼ɳѪһ֮ΪȻȰɡ
˵ʲôǣ˵ʲôǸ£Լˣοܾеʹࡣ
ǿЦѽһΪƣӲ˿˺˵飬ͷȫµ˶Լ
䣬һ飬һı
ֲѽֲ˵ܳҫԭϺмʹԲˣ׼ȷԤԡ
ˣһʼ벻ͨôҲˡ
Ϊ˲ײֻܼװ֪ÿ춼ЦӭҲỨ˼ƺһжûйϵ
룬ƤװƵֱȥҹ̨Ҳ
ֱһգҪŮ׼࣬ǳദʱ䡣
巵ĶƫУأ˹ݵĲ豭˵䣬ܻʼҶݣűʵһͬսĸȱŮ޽ܵʵڳͰҲΪơ
ҵĺɳһƬģұΪ㰮ĸ֣ڿȴĽΪ⼸նϹۣȵ壬Ծڡ
Щԣ֪ġԼĵò
̾⼸ʳ޲£ܺõˣ䣬ʵߵ㻹жʱգ
°ɡ˵ĺƽ
ͷһŮȰ
ǵġ¾ܾˡ
̧ͷһᴰ⣬ͷ˵ŮѽҼ²֪Ѿ֪ˣܿĶȹӡǶǾ˿壬Ϊĸ£ҪǵҪ˵ɲ˻ʼѪһвԵĻʵڲֵá
ڻʼңڱߣ֮˵㲻̰µĻʲôأ
侪ס̰䣬仰ΪôϤԣ˵ǰܾԼûκξȨ˵ŷ֣ԼûҪ뿪ףԽǵԽҪһȹ
ΪΨһĽ취ȴ룬ʵ
ĵҲҵĵңɳĳӣϣǶõģʧȥ磬Ҫʧȥ㣬ܲѹ֪ұԵġЩݣǿģõĴ취ˣ㲻ԴУʱ취ָģҵĺôǡ
ԣ뿪ȫǸˣ
ȫҲԼղ˵ȰˣѰЩ鶼ˣ˹ҵŮΪƣҲ
ȻסôҪԼŮס
Ĭ
ˣš㡣ȥŸײϵıӰͷɬޱȡ
ϴлҲԺ˯ˣͻȻĺһӢߡ
侪һôģ
ӢһЦʹɭϣܽΪѡԿˡ
ӢãΪ۶Ա˵󷽷ҡ
䣬ڰҿĿˣͺ㣬ʲôǣ
һʹԼеˣߵҲܵǣͻȻ뵽յûǵĴ
͸Ǻ𣿡
ģҼܵǣģԹŮӳˣˡ䣬ĲףΪʲôһбƵ飬Ϊʲôôţ˶ƻˡ
ЦΪȵ˸ҥȻ֪ĵҵζйڣ˳ɻԶﴫڿ𣬶δҲܾΪʵЩʼɻҲʼˣû˲ˣ
ӢþĿ䣬ڸô죿
ҡҡͷУ߱Ըڶ֪Ѿ֪Щš룬ܹҸġ
Ӣã֪ھԼǶ࣬ʱˣ߱ɽʱˣǲһжá
ͻȻЦȻ˵ǶԵģͷβͲôڣǶġ
Ӣأ˵䣬Ը뿪ҪЩ飬㲻ǻʺֻͨӣʹУѹ֣ȥǧ磬ȥԼȥĵط
֪᲻ñ£᲻õ͸磬Ǿͻø𣿡
ЦȴֽЦдᣬӢ˵û˵û˵ûǲøã෴ڣ˲Żĸá
ô򵥵һ֮ǰԼȴ˿벻ǵӢ˵Ҫڹжȹˡ
ԼҲûʱգط˶ķʽ
Ӣʹͷãġ
Ӣ䣬ңһ졭
Ӣ˵㲻뿪Ǻòײߵһģðգа취뿪ҲҪȥֻҪưҾͺá
ӢóĬƬ̣ãҵϢ
Ҳ˯ˣԺ߰˺ܶ࣬ǰһֱ뵽˽һʼڣԼˣ˵ôڣԼĴھ褣ұңӢ书ȫϣоӦúˡھԼĲʧʱˡ
ˣЩ˻ʵãǲɹ۾ͻʧˡӦһֻŮӣֻϣЩˡ
ӵйͺ㣬쳤ؾ飬ǰڿˡ                    
лҪ˵ԸǲԸǲԶﴫмˣԸǲ沨Ըеĺ˶ܹɹѹأƽһ

116 𻨾

ڶ, 糯Ϊ󣬾ʹҴȥ鷿ʱ˵˵, µĻպ, ǰ˸˵, ˵ҲҪͷ׼, Ѿˡ
Ӧ, ȴӢãúóףҹܳ, 빬֮, ͸ǣˡ
ͻȻתһ, Ȼ£۶ȻַǷ, ֲȥϲ, ϶ó»úȥ, ˵ʱҲȥǸ취ĺûᡣ
о
оŷԸȴ֣ԼߡоԣΣ
ожûлļˣ
оͷ, ָͷ˰죬ָָ
Цǲ˵뿪ˣԸȥļ𣿡
о۾ҡͷָָĽ
о𼱣µģ뿪ġ
뿪۶Ȼѣһ˳ǻףѾܳʹ
ѾˣֻҪڣа취ȳ巵ڳţ͵취ˡ
ˣƣ֪ԼҪ뿪أæдоͳȥ
һӢã취μӻ硣һƣ˵ԼҪӢúۻ統뿪ʹȥҵ顣
˰ʱ֣Ϣ
ӢȻ޶д˼ҳʱԼлؼҳԩѩٵǴ֮£Ȼο˵ε뿪ʾֺ֧⣬˵˾ģϻ翪ʼãرнΪɽʥǸʱӦѾ巵鶼׵ˡ
ΰ巵һа׵أ
ܿ쵽Ӣô鵱գ糯󣬳ױó»ȥͺˣ˵úóϲƣż»һֵĲС
ֻҲǰ˵£ӢúɾҲȥԾ硣
ȥɣǶȵ㣬˸ˣ¾ͺá׽鲻§䣬ûǵӵʱãȥȥڵˣҲ𻨾ƿһΣӲãҶ
׿ЦţԴ֮ǵһôء
ͷճɾˣӢúҲʵףǸףġ
׵ǳ׺ǵҳҲǺþöûˣҲټСӣҲ
û˵Ӧûлǳ֮ҳˡ
õĳ˿û䣬һһЩҪϲʲôŷ㱸ãǡʮ壬ƣɫá
丣񣬡Ҿͱţűˡ
׽Ų뿪ƫ
ƺƶʲôƺΪԼ˼ſ˼άû˿飬˵ĲĶûУֻǰԼ뷨׼õҩ𻨾̳Ƶ֮ǰӦѾ㹻ҩľơ
ЩȥСʼԼ𻨸⣬ͣʮֱ̣еĹ𻨽ˣͣ
ûţȥֽ̿һһŵģ³׵ּд˷𾭡
֮ǰ֪Ϊʲô˹ػʺͻּᷣ𾭣֪ˣ˵İ
дˣͷ±ʣ԰У˸ոճҶ֦ϸѡһƬСĵķŽС
̧ͷʱ䲻ˣоòˣþƣųס
һ߽ŵŨŨĹϢһչۣ
ϵĹ𻨸˵ǰĹ𻨸𣿡
ЦЦ¿쳢òóԣ
һҧһڣȻֱӰһ鶼ȥãóԡ
æϲˮԣһأкܶ࣬ˡ
Դӱһս³ˣҽղǳԵΥĹ𻨸⣬ȻЩ׺һڲˮӻ֣ź˶ȥˡ
վӱסŵ䣬䣬㿴
Ӧ̧ͷȻȥܿյԲ£Χǵ㣬ǼĻ棬ȴį
£ưɡ
˳ԱߣԼһ˵䣬ҾߴһסɣһƹޣҲһֻأԣŵһ죬ֻʱ뿪ҡ鰲ȣͨЩʲô
ȻֻǴ˵ЦˣҲġһơ
£㻹ǵ֮ǰҸ㽲ǸŮĹҽһ룬Ͳüˡ
ô뽲𣿡ͷ䡣
ֵһƣųº󣬸оۣƺЩˡ
䣬ôЩң
˵Ҹ½Ǹ°ɡǸ߹ٵŮ˵ֻҪϻǲʱŮӿΪ飬ĸԼ֪Ե־ˡ뵽Լʮʧ˸ĸǺĵӼԼݶҲǻʱˡ
ʱ˵ֻŮӣ߹ٺ͸߹ŮȫǸ߹Ůϰݣ߳ŭҪնɱǣȴŮӳԱĵض֮ǰ˵úûţ±Ե֡
ЩԺ˵ɼֻϣһܹԲ
¿ŮΪҪ
䣬˵ʲô
ҩЧã£ȥԺ£ɷ㣿
ҲҪվȴЩ֧˻ȥֻʹϾҲЩʱͻȻ丩˵£Ҫˡ
Ҫˣʲô˼Ȼɴ۾ܿ˻е˼קסҪ˽ȴ˵ͷԽԽ裬ʶҩˡ
ߵڼţЩҥѾ֪ˣǲ뿪ģĿĴﵽ뿪ǵҥҲ᲻ƣʱɼλˣŮá
ףⱲͰ˰ɣֻأټ
קԼ֣ǽڷ˺ܴЦѾҩЧʴΪܴȴͯһ㣬˫֡
׼ĺۿȴʹκһǣͲóҶˡ˼
֪ҩЧõ˳ֵķӣ˼ó׳³УԼѣҪԼʧˡ
žˤӣʧȥʶ
жۣҲûʱţæ򿪷Žо˰ѳ׷ϴǺñӣùŮ·úðſڡ
ػͷһڴϵĳף˻صߣΪȥ۽ǵۣƬҶУգ˺ģתȥ
оǰ棬ںסԼ
巵Ϳƣ巵ףΪ˶֪оǻʺ澣Ȼǳʹûôˡ
ƵҸھƭ˵ԼƶˣرӪнȽһáֿЦʶûʾ͸ƣƭӪƣҵģ˵빬ơ巵Ӫʿ·ǻϣӦƣԴ󷽷߳ˡڹսǴڵţ̲Ѿá
һ·֪ߵģЩġ
İɣ²ΪҵġڵĵǣѹֻɹƷ㡣
ӻóһţŽ£֮ӦòѰҡ
ƣͻҲǽһˣЦ˵ֳ㣬һԸ
ʲô
ҡ

117 ȫ

Ļ, ǶԳ˵Ƕ˵ûʲôˣӭˡ
Ȼ֪Ŀ, ʱӦðߵİһЩ, ΢ɲü, Ц˵һһԵġ߰ɣȥ˲Ծ, Ҫ׷, ߶Զ߶Զɡ
Ǵڣվߣ俴Ųδĵȴࡣ
ܹȥͶ뵽׵Ļı, ˵Ҫ뿪, ûʹɩ, Զˣ˵ɣʡĽĵ, ֻǲǰˡ
γ, һ, ֮ա
ͷ˰벽һ˫ϥذݣ˵֮յǲᣬյݼǲҲǾκѾκ塣
۽Ǻᣬ, ϸ鷢֣ȵƺСʱȻ޶
߰ɣ߰ɡ˵űתȥٿ
оƳĬŶЦЦ˵ʲôȴһֶ˵ֻŴʯͷƵܡ
ҡޣܡһҹԵ쳣
תŽʧҹĻеȻʧþò
ʲôˣֻʣ˺ɫǰ·תһأ۲˵ƣҲһʼ׵ľʹˣǲֽհѾˣҶԲסѽ
ȴǳĬдʱޱȸӣ˵ʧķò˵УҵĶˣ䣬ûԵְˡ
Ҿ飬ȻˣкܶҪ
һۻʹķ˵ǽʱˣĿʼɡ
ǣȥš
˵ӰһһҺܿʧСڡ
ãӢһ·УĴϲ֮գ뿪ģֻܵŵڶյϢ⣬ʱˣŴʱӦѾ빬ˡ
ϲϣʲô֪ۣ˲پƣסҡҡλĴƣʮָˡ
˿ſڵķĪԳ»˵ղؽ˵رнǡҲ빬ƣҵʱû͸ˣȴǲ̤ʵƤ
»ؽ˭ѽĸƾǡȴͻȻʵرĳʲô°ɡ
ҡҡͷӦòǣ£ڱѾѰһȥˣ»ҲģȻȥˡ
»סȻǾҪ£ͲҪˣǺò׳ʹƣôȥʲô
üҾ²̫ԣؽôˣôҲƣ˵ͷ¾Ʊ
ȵҡ»Ҳ˾Ʊǵģұúõģôһ˵ҲŻŵģҺһعɣҺ㶼ڱߣеоȡ
˸ۣҴһ˹
ҹѾˣƽ˵ʵۺͻʺӦѾЪˣǴ󣬻ʺ˯ʱ򣬿ɽ巵ĶƫȴȻǵƻͨ
»ֵҹС̫࣬ôձ»δޣ
С̫˵ʺţʮֻģǶǲ˳ûٻ˭Ҳҽȥ
ʲôæʵ
оƺǽȥһ£Ȼ͸СŮķȥˡ
»ʣôˣȥʲô
С̫˵Ҳǻʺʱ⣬ĵʲôɣоˣǲҹ̫ġ
о𣿡
ûС
»ȵûУôˡʲôʱȥģ
С̫˵þˣһʱ˰ɡ
һپԾæų»˵ãҸоƺǳˣǿȥ
»ȴקסǸǱº鵽ڣǸͻȻŵ
˦»֣Լȥߵţ˵ž̨ף϶˶٣£¡
»ҲĸϸĶȴǰ춼ûл
һЩ£档
滹û
˾ҪŶ룬Ǳ»קסˣûӦôҽȥ
Ǳ³ʲô£㵣𣡡᳣»ƿ˽ȥͷ񣬡£ͻ
ڴʱǿҵĲ񾭣Լųãû鷢̧ͷĿÿˡ
˺һᣬȻûлӦ
ŵ̧ͷǰһĻɻ
Ĳʽȴû˵ӰЩʽûƱɢ䣬һӵڵϡ
˳ŵӵصķ򣬿齣ᣣֻһۡ
Сĵ߹ȥǰһĻԽԽڴϽ˫ۣԵۣüͷԵúʹࡣ
ĴȥȴûӰ
£̽
ǳȴû˿Ӧһֻ˯ˣ⺰ôʱ䣬ԼźӶӦģҳױոǿôĶѡ
²˯˻߾ˣһǱҩ
ֵֽ󺰵£
»һԱĺУҲ˽һۿڴߴš
ôˣ
ͷæ˵±ҩˣȥ̫ҽ
⡭⣬ãá»˼ײײ̫ҽԺȥ
̫ҽΪʩ룬ܿˣӻе£ȴڿ̹𻨸Ǻ𻨾ʱͻȻеֲղŷһоʵĻξվߵĺʵʺأȥʺ
仰ôҶʶһ⣬ʺȥƽƫǻʺסﲢûлʺӰ
»С̫˵Ļ˿оķȥˣǲǻʺһȥˣȥ
ȥˣź˽Ǻѽʹûţ巵Ҳͽο巵û˲ʶؽģŵΪʲôľ飬æƽ˵
˵߶ϣأ˫ϥأ£һ棬ʺѾ빬ˣѾ뿪˶ǡγ
ƣɱԼĶˡ
ԭղŵһжΣɽϢ˲ϯ񾭣ʹ޷ԭǶôĿģôͱë΢۵׷죬۾ơ
ơ˵֣еˮȴֽȻģ»æǰߵߡ
׵棬ƣСĶӣΨһѪޣ޿㣿
Ƶ»ؼףԳɽ
˫ְסļ򣬡Ǿؽ߶ɽˣѰȥ˺δ
ƴӻóţ£֪ʺߵʱ򽻸һţ˵¿˾֪ˡ
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, ôϤ֡
ôôƣǵǰ𰲸ʱʱжô
ڣ³һζ
Ŵŵˮֽ, ׾Լ޷, иش, һһ²ûԼģֱõϡҲͣ¡
ֿһֽϵ, ͸Щıʴм͸˼, ҲΪʲô伴ʹҲҪߣΪһɸɾװףֱ, ȴһˮ
ô, Ϊ˻ָ, ġ
ԣϣ֪е˼, ԶҪȥѰ, , ȴ޷
պţƶ֪Ҳġ
̧ʾⳣ»ڳ»ϣǹ֮ˣƣȻ˵Ķ, ͻȥúɳһõŷɥַɳ˾ǽˣ˾Ǳˡ
㣬ȥɡ
ƽҧס˿һͷּ
뿪
صϣʲôһ˲ЦЦЦžǿЦѽȻš˼˹ȥҲðɡ
»ͺһ巵ĹˣҶվţŻʵ۶һƬҶֿЦ
ҶǻһˣĿ˵£Ƕ޳ȥ
ǡ
׵ͷǱˣʹţƺҲ˾ʱܵ¡
ɼĸһ·ȥѰʺ䣬ס£˭ܸߡ
ȴ˵£Ϊʺ뿪ɳģһѰʵףʱ޶࣬µʱҵҲ
䲻뿪ɳģ˽᲻áҰɣҪˣҲҪ鵽ҪͬѨɡ
Ȱ˵ءǡ
׶Ѿתĺˣȥ»˵ղ糯
ٷųϢȥ˵ʺȰ޲ԸʺΪ˻ʼ룬Ը빬˵ȴ֮ˣôأ
ȭơǡôѾˡ
ڴ֮ϣϨ˰ɣ̫ˣۡ
ᴵϨ޵򣬹Ϸţںڰжڴϵĳףۣʹ࣬ѾԳˣοǶԻʺеı£ⱲǶ޷ͻˡ
źƬҶڴֱͦͦ˺üա
ʱѾоߵϵڡ
оǰ龰ͣס˽Ųüͷˣƣодˡ
ʮ꣬㶼˻ؼҵ·ˣûϵҼǵá
оĵɴ۾
ô㲻ţ˵Աߵһ׵꣬ʵʲСסѽ
оһԾŴ죬С˭ȵȣѲԼĵܵ𰲣
Цˣ𰲽Ͷ㣬ʱ䣬󲻹࣬δǰǰʱ˵бܴ󣬵صˣӦûб仯ģڵʱ仹û𰲵ķӱգ屻ʹͶ֮ʱ
𰲸˵ԼкܸߵĵĲ㼼ڴ˭֪Сء
׵ϰֺǺǵ˵ǰһֱߣڶ·գ䷿Ӿˡɵô伸ۣò֮ˣûأɲöۡ
л֮оǰȥ
ܿͿ׵ϰ˵ǸӣоԶԶƺЩʲôǰȥȴſʱͣס˽ŲƺЩԥ
û˵֪оЩӣȺ˷ǣЩڴ
оǰʱԺź׵Ŀˡ
߳ˣڿݵĺоסˡ
һ𰲣ŴֲڣŸ¨ӣЦ˵ʲôӻóСһȥ
˽ӹǸСܸСɣҿûʲôء
˵һɫۣʷǳȴ֪Ѿס
УСɣСŻᰲȵġ
ʱ˵ɫͷɰأ䣬ϰԵҡȡ
оǰȥȴץס֣ϲֺ£ǰһһΣαˣжʧ
ͻȻоʲôתͷǡ
Ҳ˳𰲵߿ڿʱҽߵǰѾͷ㲻ڹУô
ˮҽ˵ҽԺɡߵˣһһ߹ȥ˻û
˿ޣˣСôˣ
һڣҲ̲ס˽޵˺ѷΣγϡ
һҪƳȥȴĪòᡣ
أңҲ檡
קסǰ·ͷʵ磬ѽǰѽ㲻ǵ𣿡
˰䣬һСӣŮܲףҲʶ㣬ء˵꣬һ𰲣
˵ߡ
俴뿪ıӰʶЩʲôȷǶûҲܸоѾʶԼˡ
ѽʶԼô᲻ؼأ
ָıӰ𰲣𰲣ʲôݣΪκ
Ҳһ£ôԼ˵ĿɵϸȴԽԽЩϤоʹ
𰲵ʱӦǲʶԼġһżȻѾ˶磬ͲüһʱǰͶԼģȴͶġ
һԵо˵㿴˭Ϥ
ʮǰ㱻ͽôδѾǲˣоʱͲСЩ䣬ǰ𰲣ϡܿЩСʱӰӡ
ʹ֡
䶮˼˵𰲣Ľ㣬о
Ŀ¦һӾ͵˵ϣоǰ˾ǽ㣬ȴĪ˵Ļ
оӰͳ⼸ļ飬̯ǰָָķ١
Ц㣬Ǹյˣ
𰲻æܽУһóһľӣ򿪣Ǹ档
ǰоھְӺǮ𰲡
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ˣʵ𣿡
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оһָָҽָָԺӣָָָָԼһһԺȥ
ҽо˵Ҫķɣл˵
ĩСѾϢΧԺеʯϳԷ΢ò⡣
ͨ𰲵֪˶ڴŰǰΪһ˽ѧд֣Ҫ㣬ûа취˽ѧһѧÿڲд֡
Ҳ𰲱ݣоαƣΪҪ˵˸š𰲺ܽţʶҪ񣬶ܾԼҪӡ
𰲡ҽֻͨŮӣҶӾͺá
ҽЦŵѾͷҽˣջһУ߻ɾá
ЦЦպ㻹ء
ҽ̾һİպٳ⣬֪˵ҥԡǰȥһ˴ӣ֮˵Ҳš
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ѾͷȻѡȹһµģȥӴеϢ
û˵ϰԵĽݸо
ҽʢо˵ߵоѾͷȻǱƵģҾҽһ°ɣָܻ֮ǰ˵״̬Ҳڷ
˶۾ϲؿ
ҽ̫ˡüѪ㻹ҪҪˣҪ٣Ҹ١
ҽЦˣҪˡǲҪڿ䣬ѩɽΪһУΪԼУѡԶɴ˱ʵڲ̿ٷκβ̵飬Լ͸ȡüѪ£ֻơֱŮӿĹӡ
ãԼþöûôĹˣҽһӲ˷ҽ㻹Ҿȣҽ˴˴û뵽ľˡ
ҽһҪлѾͷ㣬ԺҾϲʱڣǲȥεġ
죬ͷˣҵͿҽ¡ҽ𰲣ҲҺоȥ߰ɣһûء

119 ճ

, ճϢճѾѧ˲㣬Ҳѧɳĸۺɳз˺ͨյ
ÿ춼ܿ, ȴһ첻һ, ʱ, ʱҹҹ۵˯žԸκ, ҧűһֱ
ǲβ˵, ԽԽ̣ҲԽԽʱ˵Żͻ᲻ϵѪ߸ɴ³Ѫ, տʼ, оæ, ˺ͺĽҽҩˮιȥٿʼϴѪա
, ֻں߿»о, ԼʲôҲɲ, Ÿʱʱ
ҽÿ춼Ϊÿһÿһ죬ʱڱıԵ
оΣоɤѾ˲٣˵ϸ, ܱʲô˵Ҫࡣ
سŵÿ˽ӶСԺϰ֣оͻȥ׼ͰѰСΨһĲıݴݺõ
ټϣֻ裬Ȼ󾲾һԿţʱ򷢱һЩԼۣĿ࿴
أٶ䣬ʱҲͬһʫд֣СϣͷһηѧʺԼ൱ˣǸŮӣ֪֮Сһμд֣ͻȻдģֽһƯ黨С׭øϤһԽԽУȷȻĪЩϲ֮飬֪ϲǺ«ͷ糵С⣬ͻʱȥĵӣԼ㡣
һһȥˣת۵ĩˣ˵ҪתˡһǰһԷޣڣŮӶׯţĺϰֵȥǰ˸ҽտ֢ҲõģǰòŮӣһ䲻˵Ϊƣһ·Żλ˽൱Ӽôˡ
ﶼ𾴣ܶ˰Ľ֮⣬֪Լ䲻Ůӣ˵˭ϣֻ˽ˡ
ɣ˽ÿնСӼȥһʼãʱһȵĲҶҲЩŮϲСȥ˴ſ߹ʫԣ̸۽˶ЩüĿ˵ĵ˶
Ҷûоòף檾ƽο˵ǶԵˡ
лŴžʹӵĶ
𣬷첹·ͻȻ˵ĶСǼС˼ǲԵġ
飬棬ƷˣҶûŮ֮⣬Ȼǣң֪ҶͶǲһģİ
Ʒ˵ͷǲŵģҲ͵͵ȥ䣬˵ˣһŮӣ˶ɵ飬ŵʣǾͶܵѹȸУһ˲;Լˡ
⻰˵ˣȴٳδ˵ڡŵ飬ʼվԼ䲻ϡ
ԭڵ۶ũһպ͵ɽ񣬿˸ѪӣȻͷģԼڿһ̣ȴôҲŲۣŵ̧˼ҡ
Ͼǵ۶ʿڽ⣬Ҳ֪ϴ·Ȼͣ£ϳȥ𣬵Ʒȴŵ
ϣũ·ҹ˳ǡ
ڶգʧٵϢű֪
շת˼طƷĵͻ񼲣¾ˣǰ֣ԼŮи
ƷܾȵΪȢԼϲϾԼͨˣôϿݷǷĲȻء
һϻһס
оҪȥ㣬𰲿Ʒ˵˼ӣôʲô𣿡
һ˾Ƕӣʧ󣬾˹ˣ֪ġ
ŮһֱԼ飬Լģо˵ҵģоȥɡ
ƷԺеʯϣһ裬ҵŰݷõģԼǰá
ûչˣҸ͹ˣ֪ĻûС忪ġ
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˷վʮֽţ֪ԼǸһ֮ǰݣ֪᲻ͬ롣
ߵ𣿡
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Щ䣬Լģ˵ģǺ̽ΪһشǰЩҲԶǲļ䣬ԼľԻǵһӼǲͦõġ
ǰŮӺȻǳ磬ǶĸҲǵԵ֣Լöԡ
ɩɩɷˣ
˷Ƶͷ
ɩɩˣʡĶʲôģԲ̫õġ
ǵģ̫ãΪʱ޶ˡ
˷ƸߣҽˣʯϵĲ裬Լһ
ѾͷȥʲôϢ
ЦˣĪǻʹϢ
˵ˣԳױˣ˵㲻ǣͺΪԼΪȰɱʼѪԸ빬֮֮ôǡҶ˵ʵ۲Ƕ֪ز᲻ʱ
ҽͷڴЩͦ񻰵ģͦϲ
ڹأΣ䵭ʵ
ҽȴֹȿȣûʲôˣûʲôˡ
ʯϣ˵ɣ֮ǰ֪ܵԼĳȫʲô𣿡ҽǲǱˣ
ȿȡҽȻǺһڲˮѾͷ㻹δ֪
Ȼ뵽Ľﻹ
ҽ˵ĸֱŮΪŮΪ̫ŮΪɣӪŮΪɡ
䲻˵ֻĲ豭ЦһԭԸҵܷĵȥˡ
ҽ֪˵Щʲô˭οˣóһҩƿݸҩ˰ɣһƿµģӦܳһʱˡ
ӹлҽЩҩҲڷʱôۡ
Ψһˡˣˣ
ͣҽŶ

120 

ԭΪԼߵĺܿ, û뵽ĩļְ＾˶, Ʈѩ, š
, ԼѪʱͻȻһְ˾ͷĸо
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ҩһ꣬ѿݸо˵׼īҪдšоͷˡ
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дţо俴ŴĴѩͷһ
оѴȥѩ
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ҽǺ⣿
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ںߵĴʯͷϣźˮͣĴţȻѹںߣôѩأǸոѩ÷ޡ
߰࣬Щ۶ˣĺԺﻶЦȹʮ꣬ӣҼǳҲԲ壬ĵĺ֪ЩС㻹ڲڣرߵСͤӣжٴ⡣
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һ춹У춹⣬оĸóԡֳһз⣬סͷ˭˵ҿо㶼ȥˡ
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