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1 

ķ絶Ƭһ㣬ϡ
ƴΪµʳ㣬԰ѩĺ촽Ҳʧȥ˹󣬸ѳѪ
ˣЩѾϾеϣӺƺٵҲһԸˮ֮еġ
ҺԼʱѾˡûȰӭ缲ߡ
ɷְҪأ֮ǰ״ҷͨѹƵմŭٹѺռࡣ
˿ȴ鼱֮յӺ麯˵Ըˮ֮С
ܲץס᣿
Ϊߵ̫죬ȻСһǸҡҡ׹
Ͻסӣ΢
ӱߣȻ麯ԣͣһһ
ݻֻһյ谵綹
ϽϾ봬ϡ
򻮽밶
ȥ
΢һˣɫڣɫͦΣٷ磬
紵¾ɡ
ȻأӰЩϤ
Ϥ¡
Ӻ
ְģе
ְĻתһޱȡ
Ӻ˽ְֱͨ׳ҲūŽһٵ麯㾹Ȼĸ᣿
ү˲ϾҪĸͣȴȻļִ͡
˵ݵ๣ǽе
Ͼ죬ѾӰ廨ˣڴϡ
ѵְģһĨЦԤУļơΪ˾Ҹֻ֣ܲȦףû뵽ҪҵѾϾꡣ
ְһ毺õȻ壺дȣƵҺӺԼᡣ֪ӺҵɱˡΪҵķˣȻ
ˣشĻּ꣬ųնҸ׾ȳ㣬㳤ҸƴΪÿȡ״Ԫܣֱϣݺ˾ְģֻ벻ΪȢȻҶӺ
ְĿһɱ֣㸸ңЦҴĳаˡңЦ粻ŪȡЦˡΨһҺõʫʫһֱοң벻ȴŮ򵽹ڳѪ޷У
סˣԼͬصˣڿһһİˡ
ְ״ԪڣӭȢ껪ޢΪΪ˱벻һֱԭǼǺĸ֡
ʫƣŰ۸
ȻˣѾ״Ԫ㣬Ϊ㲻ֱӭȢʫңЦʡ
ҹûְĲȥͿ۾˵ĻģΪңֻȢ㣬ſù㡣Һʫſֻԧ첻ɡ
ԭȢֻΪ˶Ŀˣ̾ĸȴΪְ֪ͼһŵǧ
ԭʫĵơ񣬸Ϊʫ˼ѡ
µҲ¸㣬Ҵûа㡣Ұֻʫ֮Ըһ𣬲ǿ㸸׵ֱϡְĻ˵ԭǱؼһһֱҺˡ̫ƶˣ㲻ʫμӺʫұ㡣
ȻˣΪҸֶŹϮվȣ԰СӭͷֱǰϤİˡ
Ϊ㸸һֱڿӺӺҵɱˣ˶䣬ְĳ׼Ĳ԰񾱡
˿޾壬ҲֻǣҵĺӡѾ£ܸܵǶô硣Ҳĺӣѵġ
졣ֻҪҸʫĺӾ㹻ְĿġ
ȵȡ
ӴﴫһεεŮ
ʫ˳һۺȹˡ
ôˣͷ䡣㲻Ҫ𣿡ְǡ
ʫ˵үβӣչĹ⡣ҷֻǽ㣬޹ġ
ְĿĶӣĿŲ̡
ʫѾˣְȻϣºá
ʫͻݡҵ㡣ְĸжˡ
ʫһЦְĵӵǰ㲻ʸӹǽ㱣ӵᡣ
ʦӱΪ٢аҽӣҽ߳δ£θѲƸҪԼԼƸûɢ£õ
ô㲻ҪˣʫЦݲãòӣҲѾԭ½ˣžȽĺӡôԼȴҪ𣿡
ҷֻԹûɱ㡣޵ҧгݡ
ôأʫǳǳһЦ
ʫĸ侮ʯ֪ġ
žְһƴ
ˤڵأӾҵ
ҪôʫʹŤǿϧˣĻļϿʸѪ񫡣
ԭʫҪʸӣΪ˾ĺӣֻΪѪܵӡ
ʫҪϻҪĶӡְõ򴬲ա
һ©ˡˮһӿ
ְĺʫһֻ
ԭԤıõġ
װӺıʼţٰѴ©ˮˣôҶΪǷ¹ˮ
ְ׼õһֻȥ
ֻҽǳϲְҪҪѰʵɡ
ˮһӿաһ³
Ȼֻǿĺӡ
ȻǻûгѾһĸˡ
ƺԤе꣬ҵߴĶӡ
ʶˮԣĳûĺӱɡ
ԼˣѾȫΡ
ò˼죬ͻĶĿƾ

ĸ˲¶˾ġ
ʫҪסĻԺĶӣ
˵꣬ͳɢͷȥȻᵶԼĶӣ
Ҫˣū澶ˮһԾģϾƴҪסǣȫţˣ
һ㻮Ƥ̼䣬Ѫ죡
ˣϾ쳹ˮ档
ʫæڵ˫ĿģŻ
ְæչʫҲһ۽ɢԼƶǵ
Ӥ
ѾһϢ˰Ͼ
ˣ˫̥Ͼűźӡ
ֻӤһۣȥ
ƾҽٸ߳Ҳǻȥˡ
ѾѿѪעûзˡ
ֻǿӡ
һȻûĸס
Ͼ꣬ǿԣߣǣܺùʫ۸˵⻰ĻǾ塣
ˣϾһ
ְĿһȥѺү
ϾգæһӤˮС
ְĴвûԤϵ˼ҵķʽӣ˴϶ˮֻһϣڻ³֮ǰһӤ
ϾһӤѾʧ
ӤĿ쳹ȫûˣ屻ˮС
ˮֻһŻǵѪõ½ǡ


2 

ӣӣǿȾȺӣ
εƬѪȶ룬ӤˮУƴȥ
ǣϵȴһŴѪˮݡ
ϸ۾ץסȴһ˫۰׹⻬֡
˫֣ʫģ
æ˦̧֣ͷȴһİ
˭촽ˣȴû
ٰŮԼĪʮ꣬ƴСɴ۾ĶˣĪıɵˣū澶ϵˣ
ū澣٣ظһ䣬Լˣ
ѵưˣ
ԭļ䲻ֵϮ
ԭĻǽĶŮ̫ƽ
үд֮ϮλֻǵһϹүð̣Ȣ˴֮ŮϣʶڹٳЩûˡ
Ϲүһӣ̫ƽϴԭŮϴΪ˷Σһ
ԭ̫ƽʱѪûӭȢϡ
ΪССʶڶϲӡȻչǰ޵Ů̫ƽҲǾľ𣬿ȴܱ۸
ʱ̫ƽ֮ԻɵڴϣǱŮմӼɽһͷϣʱĻǲŵԳû룬ȡ̫ƽ
֮ǰľƵġ
ǡɵǣĸսϵĺֵܡ
˷ŻΪ˵˼û㱻ϰ˹٣Һ̫գҲʧȥϮʸ
ֻּϮϹүΪֹ񽫲ܳо
Щ߸һĨЦ
ǰԼúͷ벻ԭɱɵŮ
һĺͿ棡
ҪԼҪȻӣҵ˫̥ӣΪǰԼѩޣ
Ŀɫ˽紺ͼĴʣСɵ¯̴ľˮͭһʾԭֻյģý
չΪûãȴΪȡʲôŮһеΣĸ׵ļױԭųҲҶ˵ʲô
ţȻſ
Ϸȥǰ˵ˣÿչĳʳҪȫСӣֻôʲôѲɱ͵ˣٵ
ʲô͵ˣùЩﶼûʲôѽɢĮȻ
£۸ﲻ˵㵹ˣԺϴۣǹĺãԺģ壬ʲôô㾹һ۸ٵ塣
̫ƽ˳
˵ȴܴˡ
źɢѺµʫϡˮһ̲࣬˺µϡ
·һҽС
ϡ໹ǹȵģͻݣŵؿ̫ƽ㣬㡭
æվ̫ƽǰ棬סҪ˵ĺ£ʲôӴ㣬ĪҪˣĹ
ʧʹޣҵҵ
ָŽòĴΪ̫̫أҲʵֲˣβûаһų̫ƽҲ˺
ңƴȥš
ƿ٣˿ʯͷҪ̫ƽ
̫ƽһЦȻǸūԭ۸ʲôˣū澶Դ
̫ƽһͶȥˣһţ¾͵˵ϡ
ǿʯͷ£ôԼͷϣ˹ȥѪ˳
û°ɣҪġæǰ̫ƽĿⲻһصѪ
ȴ̫ƽĿǣ˿ûйȥۣ˸һץٵ֣дý㣬ĸ͸׶ڣĸ׿Ϊ
ٻй˼
¼ȻǶյļϸ˷λݣֻ˴ն
鼱ֻ꣬³Ժžͻ̫ƽ̫ƽӹСյĶ֣ʱֻϣлԱ
ٺ̫ƽôôͨ͸½ټǿ񱼶ȥӲǰŵϸ˹
ȳ棬Ļˡ
ﰲ̫ƽߵĸ翴ˣǳó裬ĳϻһͷ
һķҵ񿴵̫ƽȻѺ´ֻ½ǶȻϾˡ
̫ƽϵϸ΢鶼ݹȥһֽ
棬̫ƽдѩС
Ͽݣʱɫһף󾪡


3 

̫ƽֻеõϷ˵ΣϵĶӲֱϣǰƽĶֱϡ
⻹ǹȥǸаһ֪ĴѾͷ˵Ļ
϶Ȼ̫ƽǲˣ٣̫ƽȥ˺δ
ﶼûȥֻٹ££Ϊ
ҵĹŮȷΨһĹѪȷ˺鲻ƣȻӲ뵽ԼǱѹһͷ϶ʱ
̫ƽֵݹȥһֽ飺ǱմεģԺѾߵʱˡֻҪϷͿס
һǴûᰡ
ֻϷڷʱڣϲ˴
óȻȥŪɳ׾
˼䣬մѾ߹ˣµؾȥ̫ƽȴūסɰ˶ڡ
գҲʢ˵ĸ׼Ȼˣ̫ƽ޹ū澣ū澴Ѫĸ񲻴˳ȥͷΪǶο̱أ
ϱŮһ٣ϹȥõҲǺūȣСҲǸô򡣡
ôĸĪҪˣĸϲӴˣвԣִмҷˣˣ̱֮Ǵ˳ȥĸһΨĸʣոӸߣ̳Ļò۰Ůƽʱ˵ҲӸ£ΪĸϷ
ƽʱҲˣ̫ƽѣϸ̫ƽ׼иˣΪ˶ǰ;ȥˣ㷢ŭ˵ȻڿᵽĸҽҪһĸһŮĸ׺޹صģ±Ц𣿡
ᵽϹˣһ벻Ϸ۵Щˣ뵽Ϸأ˭ҴȥټϹȥõϽ첻֪ĵӣһŮһŮҽУŭա
ϲ˽Ů
ָϵıǼбĸû¾ͷڹȥǰʲô裡
ĸŮָűҲǾͷһϾʱҲŭˣɣ̫ƽߣһȥϷˣϷһһ
æڻ̫ƽ߳Ժӡ
տԶžū˵Ī£ȥҲϷˡϷ˾Ѿƹ۵ǰڵ˭ܽȥóײ˷¡
ߣ̫ƽСϣЬ̫ǳʯ͹ĦŽģֿС
̫ƽϷ˻᲻᲻ǣɲϷ˽Ų
̫ƽͷ˫ڰ׷Ŀ⣬͸Źȥûеƶ;ƾ׵˰ġ
ּӿ˽Ų
ûô󣬿ȴʤСɱ¡ɽ԰ڷзצӱر˹Ŀ
̫ƽѸٵذѶСС·ӽԺˡ
ܿ͵˷á
ǰͩ϶˵
ҪҪϷˡ˵ͨһ
Ϸ˽ݰ٣£κ˲ô˵
һ̫ƽ˵治ˣϷ˵Ĺ׼Ǽˡ
̫ƽ۾ɴʲô
ǰʦӾѧҽ
;Ǻ
ǳ˽
Ҳ
̫ƽд˼仰˵ˣ˵ֻҪһʫϷ˾ͻˡ
ʫʲôʫһ
˵֪⣬ƶơ
ЦʫǲֲʫˣôΪʫϷ˼أ
˵ǹﲻ˵˵Ȼ˵ˣĵ˺βһأ
ϰŰɵذʫ֡
ûãֳˣϷ롣
ϴ󾪣̫ƽɫ򶨣觰Ӷؿ˵һҶźˣ
϶˴ɫƽۣ࣬ƺɫĨϷ˿ʯĵһ˲١
ߣɫۣĿ飬ѵȻ̫ƽͷüë΢΢һ塣
ĸס
Ϸˡ
̫ƽϺѾΪڲԣͷĬ
Ϸ쿪˫ۣ̫ƽղɫ˲ơ
̫ƽͷȥϷץ̫ƽ۵С־ͷ뻳ҵĴ󷿵Ů̫ƽ
˵ͷ֡ʫģ
̫ƽ̧ͷӡ
ĳе̣翪ţŮʮŲͬϯҶԵʿ⡣ŮʿҪܻ䡣
ǳˮĿ⣬΢΢һĿûɵϤ˼ǸŮӡ


4 

Ͷ̫ƽ׵ʱ̫ƽĪ۰
ʱѾ˵̫ƽд˴ʫ⣬ȴҲ׾ݽĸͿ
Ϸ˺˵㣬ȴƵ̫ƽϣһʮһŮӣܶʲô飿Ҫǵԭǣֻǹȥġ
ίǣĸס
̫ƽһۣٹȥ̫ƽҪ˱ʺֽʼд֡
̫ƽдֵӣͼдֵغϣ뵽Ѿȥ꣬ʱȻûְܳɵһ̾Ϣ
̫ƽдãٵ˹ȥһʱӯ
֪⣬ƶơ˭ζ
ʫдĸ׵ġ
Ƕ÷Ƶ£ĸ׼ա
;һ𣬳ʦ
ֻܰѶĸ׵飬ȫͶĽϰ۰
ֻǣ̫ƽô֪ʫģ
Ƕ֮ˣʶҲԽܷǳĶ̫ƽĻ
ǰûܾĸŮ̫ƽĿֻ̣Ҳܾܾˡ
ǣ˶񣬶Ϸ˵Ȼðűֵķմ˽ֻм¡Ϸ˺βһʣô˺ˣ
Լ𾴵˵ˣϷ˱ʣпڵģǺú˵˵Ϊʲô£Լˣرܻ䡣
ʵĸףöչָı˵̫ƽιȥǱѾͷģʱжλūڳ֤
Ϸüë壬ָϵĶƽ֣Ȼ£ΪβЩ㱨ң
˵̫ƽֱ˶ƣʶ档ҲǱƵû취ˣŸΪ̫ƽ˵˼䣬ͱָ˱
ĺŮϷ˿ЦЦˡ
˵˵Ǽ£ԭҲӦùʣõĵĸŮҪһŮ۸˭˶߲ġңôö˶˳ưͣ⸮ĺ֮ˣϷ˲ܲˡ
Ϸ˵Ȼˣջˡȥ˿ͷϢ¡
̫ƽϷߣ϶һۣǵЦ⡣
չˡ
ĸûУ˵ָ̫ƽıʢˡ
Ϸŭͳ㲻õĳӣҹˡ
ˣĸ˵˵죬˵
Ϸɫˣ˵ƾһһϷ˺˵˵ͿζһĿ𳤵ˡ
æյ䣬ʾҪ˵ѹ»˦˵ĸƫģҳÿȴ˵ҳҪȥ߸ף׻Ϊģ
£Ϸ˲ҲҪˣҵҪ㸸ףôһŮ赽ȥģˣȥؼûУ
ūһ̵˳ȥñ˵Ѿ³ؼˣѾͻ
հһϲ˾ͺˣһΪ˵ţ
ˣ˱ɫļҳխۣͦΣ촽īڵĺ룬ޱȡ
ǣϹɫˣĸף£
ֳôˣܸоʲô¡
ﲻҪԼգ˵Ϊָ˱ĸ͵ãƫģ˵˵ɣ㾿ôΪϷһտԴӾͲϲ
ôŮΪԭԭ򣬼Ϸ˸ǰģգҪԼ
һˣˣ£
벻Լôףίشæ¿ͷĸףϢŭǱԩˣš
ɫȻ˵ǱԩģļūѾǰǲָϡ
󾪣˽ԼŮŵǵū̫ƽġ
ָϣǿɾʵŹõˣϷ˱ͿĸŮʱҲ롣
æ˵գϴɣ㲻ԣϴͺˣͻԭˡ
⻰ˣԭϣ˵ϣ˿գҲôӲˣ˵ĸҴˡ
Ӧö˭ϴ֪ƽʱôģ
˵ĸףãҴˡԭҡ
ЦŶϷ˵㿴ϴˣ㻹С̸׵̫ͣƽϿ»Ӱ쵽
̫ƽԹۣȻƫĵÿԣĸŮÿڲԣȻ仰տѣ
Ҫū̫ƽҲ֪ƣ˺ܶū澣ǿմҲδػ֤
ߣҲֻһĵġ
Ϸ˿˵Σ
ȻϷ˶Ҫˣϱ㲻Ϊ̫ƽͷˡ
̫ƽþգлϷ˺
Ϸ˿̫ƽıһۣ˭˭Ȼ壬ֻû뵽ĸŮỵز֣ԺﲦĴѾ߸̫ƽ̫ƽһ۳
ǡӦ


5 

һ뿪̫ƽˣձıرĸ첲ǰȥ
ɵظ̾Ǹһˣϵ˵
ϺõҪĽĸŮϷǱǸӲˣĶȻԺᴦڣϷ˲ϲܷɵȥ
˷£֮ǰϷ˰̫ƽ˹ȥ
ʫøΪԵΪͽԸ⣿Ϸʡ
̫ƽ̧ͷǰĳδδѧңˡ
ǣҡҡͷ
ȻˣҲǿΪʧ˵ⱲϣǸȥѧԴ
̫ƽ
ɻʧˡ
Ϸ˿
̫ƽȥϷϵļѨλϰĦ˼£Ϸ˶پβһܶˡ
ٸҰ¡Ϸ˺ܸˣԼʮһĵŮȻֱ£ȥäû֡
һ죬̫ƽҲۣϷ˰ĦϷ˲Ժ˺ܶ࣬񱻴ͨһ㣬ˬĿˡ
Ϸʹ͸̫ƽĺɺ
ɺ񹤾£滹׹˼ʮԲϸĶ飬ֵư
Ϸ˿˵Ҫɺʹ͸Ůױġ
˵ɺûˣ缱Ŀ
ĸ¶˵ʲôã˭ǶϷ˾ƫģǰôֺٰϷ˻˸ˮƯ
ԭܵܣܱļƣóӪһ˽ʿͬΪ٣Ϊ飬ܱȴֻΪһССС
ΪܱŻ񣬶ǶүĵճӣϹүȫƼܱȴӣȻܵõͬӡ
һܵܽԪͬͬĸ٣㣬йŶղضѻɽ
ȻѧʶȴԸ볯ϹүڹӼ˸ʦ
ܱĳŮ
ΪֺϷˣܱԼŮȥϷǰЦΪϷ˳д˰ķ𾭣Ϸʱ԰ҩڷҹŸжϷˣ˵ޣͰĺɺʹ硣
ʱԼôһ˵ˣɣҪȥĸǰ˵ȥ˵õҵģΪ˵㻰
ɱɣ¶һôԼŮͷԲϣô̶̲ĸĶʲôʱĶˣ㣬㻹Ͱ͵ȥʲôйģԼȥȥ̫ƽǸưͣҲ
类ŭˣ˭˵ھȥ
⻰Ժܱˣ߽һͨŭȣǺýһɺǾôסˣ
¶ʵһΪãڹٳҪٴ㣡ԼĽ𣿡
ҲǰЩӣվģˣܱһӣɱ磬ҪסĶҪñ˫ǲҪ㣬ΰвһ
Ǳߣļţߣ̫ƽڷ￴߽վһŵѾߡ
ǴϷԺģ˶ǷǳصģȴֻˣаֻŻϷǱء
̫ƽȫǣǰ˰ٵģдԺܡ
æ£лΡūһȫ
̫ƽױȡһ֧ӵݸ٣ٻ⣬лл͡
ʼӣպ󳤹ڴµĻ԰ٰ磬յ뺯Ĺ嶼ԴĸҾͬ
Ϸ˺ʹϣ¶һ¾˱ֵģϷ˺ϴ˹ȥֻŮϷҲҪȥÿҪԼŮȥһʱ֮䣬Ҳԥ
ϯμӵĿɲǹŮиλʼжӢǹŮǱʼҵĺûᡣ
ǱĸжˣԴͻҲǿܵġ
¹ض棬Ƕȥһ£ļŮҰɡϷ˸˸ӣʵͷѡ
ڴԺã̫ƽ
ձȻûвμӵʸļŮҲŮޣȻȥ˵ġ
Ϸ˵˼ǴͬȥԸ⣿˵Ȼ㲻˵Ů޲űǵ£ͲҪࡣ
̫ƽ뵽μܿϾӦˡ
⼸֪ǰĸĸ͸粢û
͸Ӷȥ˱߹أĸ˱ΪūյѾʫĸĸռݡ
ǰ˫̥ӣһְ귽꣬һūϾһͬʧ֪٣ȫޡ
֮ǰн飬ΪǰԼ͵껹¿״ԪְĴͻ顣
Ƿޱﲻʱ߳
ѾְĵĹ⣬ֻǿջЦԳϲǡ
ˣسһǳѹ
ǲ֪ܲΪƽ
̫ƽҪԼ̽˲֪
Ͼ϶ͨѹǻϵãûһӰ졣
ңĸ÷ݯڹֻгԾ
ϼ̫ƽӦˣ̫ƽģҹ£ȸʱ
ֻգϷʱҪҧ˵ҪȥΪֻλǶȥ֪һ㲻ȥĻȥľˡøĶ
̫ƽ˵ͷ


6 ѡ

գϱ͵ŮϷˣǣֻϱԼŮȥ˼¶Ȼ˵ףȻ̫ƽܶȥԸøǡ
Ϸ˿ȥúӣĸ˼ĸ׵˼
СŹȥϷ˵һصĸ׵˼ҲŮ˼ĸ̵ңüҪá
ǺúӣµĸۡϷһѰ§˻Ρ
¾öϷ˺ϴ̫ƽͬȥ硣
Ϣշƿƿ޹޶ˤ˵ϡ
˵գǳʲôأ
ţϣȻҲμ磡ͣ
ȥ㸸װ㸸㣡ȥܲȥ
նʱϣҹ鷿ţײӦҾͲ
Լ谮Ůôĵ棬æӦһȥϷ飬̫ƽȥ
ҹķȻ˲Զ̫ƽ
˴̫ƽϣҹ͸ʪֱ̫ƽĲڡ
ݰɡȰ
̫ƽȴؿϵȺǡ
ȻٵдǲÿˣΪϵǣ
һ˵ôĻ
̫ƽġ
ٵͷ˿գȻ۾ʪˣū澵ˣū澾һǻΪǣū澡
̫ƽ۾գգϲɫ
ҹûзǰһ˫̥ӱΪˡ
Ǿ˵ĶӶţ
ǲˣʵһǣŹ
̫ƽһ촽˶ˣԽΪѲĸ׻û̫ĸ飬ϾѾԭˡ
˵ʱܲңʱ˵ȣѲȻѲѪ⣬ǿ˵Ͳᡣ
̫ƽĸ׵ûô򵥣ǿƺ֪ҲôˣҲˣôݾߡ
Ƿծһһó˳ģǾӱʮ겻
£Ҫȥǰ˱ȽҪ
ϷԺѾ߽īķǳ̫ƽߵū澷ſүμ磬үȻӦˡ
ĪүУŮܲμˣðѻøŮٷǳ߿
ī˵꣡С㣬ǲүģȻѾ֪Իᶨᡣ
ٿ̫ƽ˵үƫģֻбҲȥүеģ޷Ǿǿ֣ﲻ޲ֵģүȻҲŲʣ
̫ƽüëī˵үζү£˵ˣô˵ϷأӿµϷģʲôȥϷһ仰飡
̫ƽͷˣū澸ô˵ԽԽûִˡ
̫ƽЦЦٺī֣ûκֵ˼
գԽԽˣϷλüŮѡ
̫ƽȥʱ򣬿ѾϷ˸ǰˡ
ǹŵģ˵Լˣ˵̫ƽǸưͣμҪЦǶûջֿɰǹȥˣضܴǹ󡣡
ϷһѾˣȻ̫ƽưͣͬȥҲûŮŮȥĵ󷿾ͶҪȥˣ磬ҿžͦϻۣΪ˳ɾͽã˲ȥȥˣ
һԵ΢ﴽЦˣɱȴ˵һʹãŮ΢ȥȥûйϵġ
õĺӣЩӾûһȵġϷ˲߿缸ۡ
̫ƽţŲ裬Щ˵ıݡ
ô˵ٲ˵ʲôˣ´ֲˡ
Ϸ˼죬ȡλŮѡ
˳ȻǴ󷿵̫ƽȿʼ
ڣ̫ƽǰ棬һѶ֧觵ɻҡ˵ÿҪˡ
ŮСֻʮ꣬ԼϲĽҡ˹ȥ۾ˣϵ˵ҲҪҡ
˵ɣܣȻý㿴ˣӦá
ܵͷરવ
Ϸ˵֧ҡ̫أѹס磬ʮׯأҪ˰ɡ
ϲ߹ȥղԸſ
ȻϲҡҲõᣬüë
һԵ̲ס˵գĸˣ㻹֣
Ͳձ˽ҡ㵽
̫ƽվߡ
һ㶼̫ƽҡ̫أҪū澡
̫ƽֿ죬˹ȥջûзӦǽҡѾͷϡ
Ըμ磬ҵЧ֮ģ֧ҡ̫ƽūд֣ū澴̫ƽ˵
ʱϷЦˣֱҧ벻ǧ㣬ûסһưͣʲôʱʼưҲôˣ


7 ҩ

˺ô̫ƽЦллáȴġ
Ϸϲ磬̫ƽֻȶԸգҲ絭Ц
Ϸ˵磬Ҳ̫ƽһɡ
áס̫ƽ߹ȥһ֧ͷΣַ£óղû֧ͷΣϲ֧ͷΣ͸̫ƽһ֧ӣݸ̫ƽ˵֧ഺţԳӨ׼
յЦ̫ƽֲҪʲôӨ׼ʲôȻҲ֧ͷΣæĿڣ̫ƽװѵ֧ӸԵ
û뵽ջԶ뵽Ժյļ˰ͽ⣬˷ͷ߹ȥЦ˹ɫƹˣֻͷá
մϲҪӹȴϷüëѾ̫ƽֿ죬һѶͷΣ˻ûзӦʱ򣬾߹ȥֻͷβ嵽ܵͷϡ
ʮԼСұͷθƽ˲ٴ硣
л㡣ܴϲ̫ƽͶȥʵмЦ
̫ƽָֻд˵ӿԼ
ۼõֻһͷϣһͷϣﱾ߲ѣͿǺˣ̫ƽҪѹǲм
ϷЦ̫ƽǹɣ⡣һ֧ӣգȡ˰ɡ
ҪӣһҪˣҲҪҲҪƾʲôǶҪõģȴҪֻģ
Ϸ˵ĵ̫ƽֻҪһ֧ӣĪ𣿡
⻰µһ仰Ҳ˵ҡָ֣֧ͷΡ
Ҳúܷһ֧Ӷѣƽʹ͸յĻ𣿾Ϊһ֧ӣҪ棿
˵̫ƽͦõģ㲻ҪֻӣǾͻĸɡ㷿Ҳкܶˣһ֧
Ӷòˣæģٲ
˶лϷˣˡ
ӢԺá
̫ƽСϣ󱳵˸ëĵ˱ڿ
ū߹Ĵˡ
̫ƽ⿴ȥ𴦣߽һСŮӣˡ
ý㣬ҹллġûд㣬ɣǰȴߵز
̫ƽЦ֣æܰСʡ
ڲԣʲôд֪ٸù˵
ܡŶһ黹Щн
̫ƽд֣ٴ˵ǹùﲻҪĸ׸ùĸ׿ֵܣȱ˾͸һ㡣
ЦϲʵҲϲ飬ﲻҿɰ
ǿɼúɰĺܺá̫ƽд
ãģʱˡ
޺Ԫû檣ΪһһŮŮ
ƽԼﵹҲûʲô˵ϻѡ
ټԸ͵ӣôȥĹŮ߶ƽʱҲڼӣɣȻǼįĺܡ
Ǹģ̫ƽôõķͷΣȻҪ߶̫ƽĺõģùŮԵл
īĲˮýͱ߳Աģ˴˾ȻΪͶ
ǽҪమŶԡ̫ƽд
벻ͽôͶԵܶˣԺȥѧҲȥѧ͸ӷˡҪҸ
̫ƽЦˣǾͶлˡ
ߺ󣬳ȻҩҪ̫ƽιȥ
̫ƽô£˵ǰһҽ̫ƽΣҩҽģ̫ƽѾҩˡ
֮ǰȣһǸȡ
̫ƽЦ˵ҽҩ֮󲻵ûҹҹ£룬Ѫˡ
ɼҩ⡣
̫ƽǳһҩüë
ҩɬȺޱȣʶҩҩ̫ƽһȾͳ˴Ƶζֹ˵Ҳʮҩƫҩ
ƣҩƫĲҩȽⶾֻͨҪõöԣҲǺҩ
ǣ̫ƽԭѪ飬ٹԺҩ
͵ڸ͸ˮһΣ֮ٴһҪѽ
̫ƽû벻ͨԼֻһŮĸ׶ѾˣΪҪأĪĸޣŮ
Ϊ˲˷֣ǸУҩ̫󣬵ڸ̫ƽԶҩ
Զҩһһʴ壬ڲ֪ȥˣҲ˵̫ƽ첻㣬Ҳȥ顣
Ͱźˣడ
ôһҩӺһδŮ˼湻ģ
ϧ̫ƽϷˣֻϷҲỳɣΪ̫ƽ̶ʱ֮ھҽ
Ϸ˵̫ƽΪħˣ»ڽķչ
Ϊ֮ʣ̫ƽֻ̣ʱȥҷĶƣÿֻҩ뻨ûȣԼ躻ޣԲ䡣
̫ƽд˸ӣ͵͵٣ٳʱץҩ
˵ҩģҩɲҳԵġ


8 ȥ

̫ƽдҴҵư͵ҩֻܰдץҾˣɸκˡ
˸˼ˣô˵ԺͿԿ˵ˣ
̫ƽ˰ٵͷţɼסˡȻһͭ˿Ĵ͡
ȥץҩȥˡ
̫ƽͭеԼɫ죬ɫ԰ףһӪӣ̾˿
ڹȥ˶ҩŰӵġ
ֻԼԼ岹
ٵҩư͵ġ
Ԫˣָ˲ư͡
ܲư͵Ĳ˵Ͼ¶̫ףѾˡ
ҪعҪܳʱ䡣
ҽ߻иֻԼѾ١
ģһá
ǰлĺ⼸캮Ѿȥˡ
ȡ˼ɺȹݸ߹󣬾Ӧúɫʾ
ǣ̫ƽҡҡͷָָ³ǼŻȹ˲ʺ׷µġ
̫ƽɫãݣֻ̫ѹס͵Щá
ȹϻȥĴ໨귱ĻʽӱԳĵ԰ƤѪɫһЩƤһЩ
Ȼ⼸̫ƽڳԼҩǱϾȥײأֻǳԶҩ΢һЩ
֮ǰ̫ƽݵֽƬһ֮ǰֱֱˡֽ˺ܶࡣлһܾôˡ
Ѿ߾ͷ̫ƽԺϻϡ
˺ǹһȥĺ漦̲ˡ˵
Ͽ̫ƽһۣǸˣл̫ƽãﶼ֪ġ
̫ƽЦŵͷ
ԺֻһˣȻС˻ֵúϡ
մ·Ҳܺˣ۹ⲻϷѾ˽ӣԺˣ߰ɡ˵
һ˴Ժȥ
ֻǣ̫ƽֵǣ羹ȻҲֳ
¶𿴵ϾЦϷ˵ˣһˣҲһȥֻǶһӰˡ
һȴϷߵ֣Ҳ˵Ϸ˼
˵ûģֻй涨˳ֻܴӡ
¶˵пɲô˵ģɩɩѵˣ˵ֻҪȥĸ˾ˡɩ̫࣬ɩɩԲȥѽҪǲȥǲĸˣ֣ǲǣ
һ¶˵ǿԵģ֪ʶֿɲǹ˵ģҲȥѯһϷ˵˼
˵ǲȥˣ๫ȥ䲻Цûĸ
¶ЦȥμֲͷģֻΪ˸࿴δļȥȥкιϵأǶŮӹȥжǼŮȻͶݷǣȥʲôֲǸ࿴ϱģ
⻰ֱֱֱط۴ǹȥӿ࿴ϱˡ
ƤΪ͵ԭֺ¶ƽʱûʲôģʱҲ
̫ƽЦѹ֮ǰĸȥȥƴ˵ȥ벻֮ǰʩ˿ƣֺٰϷˣϷвᣬŸʱһ⡣
¿ɺˣҶ¶¶ֳԶ̫ƽǸưͣϲȥˣ̫ƽҪ£Ͼǰˡ
̫ƽһۣٴó˱ֽ̫ƽ̫ƽд˾ͽϡ
ϷһϣĸҪȥģȻĻһ˴ŮӣЦˡ
ȼʣ⣬϶ˣм̫ƽͷˡ
Ӳ˵˵ʲôүһ˴ŮȥʼοأҪ˵ЦˣŮ֮䲻㣬ѾǸ⡣ȻһҪŮȥ𣿲Ҽ̫ƽҪȥ˰ɣǶЦ̫ƽǸưͣȥҲҪЦ
⻰ǹģ¶ȴҲӲȥ
ͬˣ˵Ƕ̫ƽȥˣ
Ϸ˿ϲ̫ƽģ¶ɲٳʲô۶ӣò׾ʹϷǰĻŪûˣЦŰ˵ɩɩͶһ̧ӰˣǼȥɣ𣿻ͷТ˳ȥ
˵̫ƽͷЦ̫ƽϻֺÿϲأʱЦưˣɲҪ˵ĻļӵҵͷϣҿƺӶϴˡ
ϼ¶ԭȥġ̫ƽָдֽܻûǲǳʲôˣ
һòٵôô˻
ȴˣѲɣ绻ˣ
ҲܣϾϷ˵ĵճӡ
˵ճӹȥĵ
̫ƽȻʣͲǿѨ硣
᲻ʱ״Ϸ˲ģ
˵ȥݼϷ˰ɣʱʲô
һϷ˸ǰϣ
Ϸ̾˵ʵڲɣȻ˺ϻڴϴأȥˣȥˣһ˲Ҳǲѵġ
ǲˣֻͻȻôö˶˵ܾͷأҿǺúõġϻɵؿ¶һۡ
¶ݳ
ܷȻˡ
ְܱԼŮҪ߼ޣ۽ܵ˲࣬εȻǸܴĻᣬ¶ֶεҪץסᣬҲǿܵġ
Ϸ˵ȥɾȥɰɣ˼ҲҪŮȥ
Ϸ˵ǴԪ޹ְûͨʶһЩжֻԺ޻ᡣ


9 

Ȼܵѣ̫ƽͲԸԹۣ˵Ҫطһˣ˳ܵķ
ܶͷ̣̫ƽдҩһ˵ŵùңϽȥҩҩˣȥ̿ˡ
ֵĿ̫ƽ
ܲμ磬Ͳˣ̫ƽȻ˵գ˻
㲻ɣҲҽˡ
ټ϶̫ƽΣȥҩ
⸱ҩҪ̫á
ܷȥ֮󣬹Ȼ̫ƽԣվȻˡ
ý㣬ԭҽ˸֮ǰһֱڲ׾һ㶼֪ϲ⣬̫ƽ֣мָм
̫ƽ΢΢һЦдҩ뵽ģҲǴһϿģЧˣҲȥμѽ
⻰˵ĺϲ̫ͬƽ֮ĸһ
ʱǡ˹ʣʱˣ̫ƽӦϽˡ
̫ƽܵһȥϷˡ
ĸŮĲˣȥμˡ˸߲ҵ˵Ϸ˵Ļ
ϷܵĶͷһϲˣĶͷȻˡ
ڳļ˶ܾ档
¶𣬳ԾŴ͡
ܻͷָ¶Ц϶Թһˣ
ѾͷöȡЦûûġæܵģǸ
ܾ˾죬˵˶ڼҾ͵˺
⻰˼Բˡ
¶æӲ۾˵Ҽ֮ǰһ룬ҹܣ͹ȥ벻ҪǻȥҵĲˡ
ɩӣǲ˼æ۾ܣǸˣ㲻𣿡
ֻö¶˸
ֶŮҿɵãֻҪԩҾͿˡ¶ĵ˵
Ϸ˶ʹˣֻҪһҺ֣ǣͶ񼸾䣬¾ŮȥˮҪƽ
Ϸ岻ãͲȥˣȥ
˸ϷˣϽˡ
УϺ̫ƽһܺһ
ӡ
ãºɽ¡
ӣ˾Ͷȥ
̫ƽСĵظϣúȣܵСС鲽ͷֻ̲סĶ
Ѿкüˡ
ԶԶأ̫ƽϤӰ----ְĺʫ
ְľٱͨѹйѾΪƷ飬λȨأʫҲŷ⣬Ƕְһԭ
֣мӣ̫ƽҧأ޲һ̽Ƕ˵ؿڣѩޡ
̫ƽôˣɫô԰ףϹеʵ
ְתͷ̫ƽĿԣ
Ȼһְĵɴ۾񿴵ϤĹˣϸһǣ
ֻǣ˭ôô
ʫѾȥ̸ˡ
֮ĶԻ֪ԭǽ̫ƽ
̫ƽѾס޵Ŀ⡣
ȥְȥˡְӢˣӢۣվһ𣬾ͬϸ˰Ŀ
λˡˣһһľ黭ҲͨһȻ档Ц
ʫ䣬ɬЦˡô˵˿ˡ
絯һɡһڴ˿еżѽ
˵磬񡣡
ʫЦϲͬһ㡣Ҳ޲ɡ
ƣҵȵˡ
ʫ˵ֻ٣ҪҼҷ
ø࣬ǿҸжˡЦʫ֣缫ˡ
̫ƽֻǵͷԼ̧ͷ̲סɱʫ
Ѫ𣬺ƽ
£Ĺʫȥְĵ֣Ҫһࡣ
ֻǣβ֪ΪΣְĴĲɣĿܻƳ̫ƽܸʫҡ
ʫɺֳأְĲ⡣
ֶͲˡְ̾Ϣһ
ʫüĿǰʵôˣ
ЦлŮģϲ
ʫɬһЦ򴽲
̫ƽת߽֡
æȥôˣ
̫ƽд֣Ҳϲô
̫ƽǲ֪һж䵽УصһС
ʱǸڴ֮ϣߣҶڵµ۾һֱע̫ƽȤ


10 㿪

̫ƽһ֦һڱǼš
Ӻݵ̫
̫ƽͷһ飬һڵϣǰԸΪӺȻˡ
ˣӺûȢףֻǲ԰׵ˣȧǸʣݽȥ
Ǵǿ˰̣ΪĽˡ
̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
ǰӺһų飬ְĸһ״˵ӺޣӶɱĴѡȳְ֣ĵĺûȡõģ̫ӡ
˶
Ӻƽ
ţ̫Ӽݵ
֮ǰڵ̫ˡ
̫ƽϤְֻ˵óģȢһ̫֮ӺǳУѹ̫ӹϵҲôá
˺󣬱ĻӻҹŮҲˡ
ҶˣȺ򳤹
̫ƽϣڲ۵λá
ϰ˸ɫ㣬̫ƽֻ˲ˮغšˮҺȡֻ磬Ȳ裬Եġ
մҶˣǺ£λӼҲþûϰˣڳ֮ǰҺúһҲλŮŮ˦ӣΣ̫顣
һô˵ĹӶ׷׹ͬ
ΨӺһ˵ǿԣֻûмУҲû˼
ЦĿⲻмɨĹŮһۣ⻹ЩŮӶаɣ
ʲôУ
Ӻһʰ֮ĳˣУ
۽ǣЦµļ˵κһλŮĪǻʵԼļûţ
ѷˣǵЦӺĻ
ǣӺû˵꣬ͱλӺӵ׷̫ûֻˣԼûĵĿԲѽ
ĺְ˵Ŵ̼ҲǱÿŮȥУȻëԼԸģȻŮеĽӢֵۣ֮
仰Ǳ֥ºүְ˵ģȻ˲ٹŮԾԾԣΪеĽӢۡ
磬ĸλͲߣμΪ˳ΪڹŮеĳõõȨʶиʳ׵Ļᡣ
Ը£ҲûʹϣֱվСŮԸһԡ
ŮλŵúԶǱߵĻֻܸԶԶ翴ȥòС
УյӾͶˡ
ƣæ˵磬㡭
ĸѵ㲻ԸֶŮһ𣿡绰ơ
ֻñ졣
糯ȥ
ܰס̫ƽ󣺡㣬᲻ᡭ
̫ƽҡҡͷĿ򶨡
һپ٣һ챻˳ΪŮкܣߵǶ̫ƽҲմ⡣
类һҲⲻҪǸ
ҶܼӴ̫ƽ棬縺
簮ͷ̫ƽŲȰء
˭֪ʮ˻һ˵ҪС
羹Ȼ飺ȻҶˣ̫ƽҲһɡ
ϷԼȻ̫ƽһ
̫ƽȥЦ󷿵Ů澡ʧ
ȥۣһƫô죿
Ŀ۶̫ƽȴ˿
ʮ˻ɢذѸ첲ϣŮǶеİ
̫ƽһЦ
һˣ̫ƽΪһ仰ŭ
̧ܾ˫۾ע
Ŀشʫϡ
һаͷ֡
дֵݸϡ
ϻ⣬߹ȥ˵̫ӵ£и飬£͹ˣҲ˺̫һͬΪҵȿģЧ£Σ
䣬ʫһɫ䡣
ְȻԸ˵ûӭ̫ģֲ˵
ͷ˵Ը⣬á
ү̫ӡʫ㿴ְģȴְĵͷֿ̫ӡ
Ц΢΢һ٣Ī˲ιµļ
ʫ̫һ䣬βε⣿
ְ˵ʫһǿݴ֮ˣġ
ùŮȥʫȥ
Ů˺ǰְĴѡ˺ߡˣʫȻ
ҲȥʫѾŵɫ˦˹Ů֣˵һߡ
ʱȺдЦºҪŮȥӣԼȴǰǶ˵һ
ְöʱɫ̫ƽ
̫ԶȻ毺õġ


11 

ݵ----̫
̫Ӻһڻӻ˶Ӻ¹
һ̣ڸ߸ߵıϣ˴ӵǰ
ʮˣֺˣĿһŭŮӣȴۺ񣬳ϡ
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С磬ӯҲ˺ܶ͡
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Ϊδߣ΢΢ü


12 

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в̿ͣժ¿
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Сӵͷժߡ
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ֻǿϧˣôÿϣȻһ˰̣ƺ˵ġ
һֱᴩұߣһ棬ſ˾Ļϡ˺¡
˰̺ͼͬʱһ𣬸Ӿγǿĳ
ڳ˵ģ΢΢һ
ˣıһ㣬轣ɡ
Сӻߡ
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ô˵Ҳǹˣɫ
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ƭˣҹǹľϼ˴
ֺǳڴˣ
ľŰѾʵƽүУˤˣ»ˣܹίǳΪǹū澾һͷײʾα
ѾæӸľϲ˵۾ѩģαҪ˵ֻҵأѵ㲻֪ͬˣԿ
ľ˵ūôƲ¹ȥ޷ǻԹˡֻǣôߣҶˣ˵ǹܹ¹ڳվôǱ۸ȥ
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˵ÿ˶ִһʣԱα˭ҵ֤ˡ
ʱֻˣĵˣ
ҿ֤ȻһдԵ


13 

̫ƽ̧ȥӺСӻشӺӱһǰһúܽղ˵Сӡ
ʹĸСӸղɾķչӺ˵
˵˵ղŶʲôɡͷ
Сϵ۾ȿѾһۣѾصͷٿ̫ƽ̫ƽȴ̹Ȼӡ
СӷЦЦԽ̫ƽȤ
ղųȥҪŹܹԼˤġ
Сӻ䣬Ѿʹ󾪣ʧں˵
СӴ˵ѡӺɫ
ڰ֣ȻѾˣȿҪ
ѾĸΪӣŮԺѾһѱ磬ֻÿ
ľϷѾѾ͵ڵء
Ҫ̫ҽ̫ƽȻǰѸٵץסѾĽһ
Ѿ˻
ܹ˼ղǼҹѵҪŪĽŲɣľϴ
Ҳֵؿ̫ƽ
˵ˣǹǸҹҽνżʱȥŪĽţ
˳ѾĽſȥȥղ׳ɰһĽźȻͲˡ
˵߼
ѾɵһȣȻվסˣһ㶼ۣ
ˣЦŹ˵ˣǼҹҽҽģոҪҽĽţ
£ѾߵѾ߶˵ʲôˡ
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СӿıӰȥ
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СЦЦζ˵Ҫҵˡ
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ݲ԰ףŮʣв֢̫֮ƽд
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̫ƽգգ鶯۾дԸΪ̽һ̽
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ָץסӰ֣ûп̫ҽˣ
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̫ƽæڰ֣дɣĪݾߡȻѾκ̫ҽֻҪӹ۲֪Ļ󡣡
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㸸ĸ̵üáͷΪҩԺ󣬱ͳҩ
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̫ƽȻͨһڵء
ʲô΢΢ƶ壬ԼɵЩ
̫ƽһ麯麯дţ԰иϴ֣ĸס
һᵽ󾪡
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14 ĸ

̫ƽȻӱʻش𣺡ǰֿѣΣϣҾĸףĸںδʶ󳤹°
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̫ƽԸģǰĸ׵ϣ׷Ǽдǳϣĸ÷ݯֹΪ̳棬϶Ӧʡ
ΪȨѡκһūԼ̵ġ
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Ϊѳͷܵǣָᰴ˰̫ƽ޹ǵֱѾˡ
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ΪȸѾ̫£ȸΪͨѹųնǳ˸̫ǰ飬ŭ²ֹȸô򵥡
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СС;ǻ۵ʶǳϲ㡣ЦԸ⣬¸£нٰһΪƽѡ̶ĴᣬԹμӣһ㡣˹ʱͿԾˡ
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뿪ˣеر
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ԶֶѾ׸硣
ѵ˷Զ˵Ѿϰ̫ƽᣬסΪѾͷ
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ǱߣԶҲ
ĸ̫ƽȻǵһزȥԶУӶ師


15 

Զսϣ師ɱеģ˳ơСŷɡ
ŵĸ˲ǣȻ̫ƽģǰ̫ƽȥɣ
æס̫ƽ˵úģħ師˭֪᲻˵ģǽ̫ƽ㣬̫ƽ㻹л·𣿡
ɻ̫ƽǳģȻҲҪ̫ƽȥײڣѲҪǸħǵ𣿡練༥
ǶˡҲļЦӣ磬ƵɣˡҲ˲Ƶ᲻ᶪ˶ˣʱҪ
ԶϷŹһ師ʯͷϣǿʯͷʱ롣
̫ƽҵҪ̫ƽǱ⣬۸ã
ŵһţ̫ƽã㺦ģӲͷ
ȫţס̫ƽ˵̫ƽĪ£ĸڣôҲ۸ϣֻǣԺ²ٳǿˣ㿴㣬Ѿ˭֪Ѿиôĸ磿Ǻã
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˭˭̫ƽУֻһЦƿӡ
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ԭ䷢ޱҲɪͣΪҵŮȴ߳ܣôŪԼӣϷ˲ѾΪ檡
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ǣȻĿ⳯ϣϿһϤӰ
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ʲôˣ
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һƴشԶһߴ࣬컯֮۸һưͣһ޸֮ĻƻŮʲô£
Զɣˣһôưͣô۸ã᲻ˣ
ǶΧ˹̫ƽװӣֽҵţίʵ
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ۿһƾҪ£ٷȥҧԶȴԶһ߷ɡ
̫ƽٴΰַŽ䣬ս롣
žǸڿƲסһԶ֣


16 ض

Զʹ÷ſ̫ƽ
̫ƽװ˵ӣסؿڵϡ
ĿȴƮԶ
˸ҴңԶܻ
ǣղǸȴ࣬һֻһ仰õĴȴһŮ֣ҵļҷǲӰü޲ȥ𣿡
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Զūųӣǻ߰ɣү֪˻ģ
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ϽҪߡ
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ӺݵӣӺɫشﲽ
ôղǸ书ĸ֣ͲӺ̫ƽ˼ǸˣӦûϣ
ԶӺȴ۾һƺԼ׽Ū̫ƽϣһƣϣȻڵأѪӺ£ĵŮ̫ƽղ˹ƣˣ
˵ӺĿ֮£Ҫ̫ƽ㣬ȴ˵ƴ㣬ҵʣ̫ƽΰ˵ģ
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пգڸظԶɡӺ롣
ͲˣĩӺԶ£ĩӺˣȸˡ
˵̫꣬ƽգգ۾ƺ˵ƣ
Ӻ̫ƽһۣҲ뿪
̫ˡܿԶȥ̨߲ƽ
̫ƽȫ̳ĬֻǶܰ˰ݣ٣ؽС
ĸףظɡ̫ƽд֡
Ϻ֣̫ƽ𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷ
ղЩѪҧͷϵѪ
ȻѾԶʶƣ̫ƽѪܵõǵ֧֣
Ц˰ƺ˵ϷŸոտʼأԶѵΪԼѾӮˣ
ĸףٰա̫ƽд
ϵͷ
Χ۵İջûɢȥ
Ҷˣ֮£۸ҼҶˣպλΪ֤öһ϶Χ۰ǰһݣ˵
Ƿ׷ԶĲǡ
̫ƽ𣬵һЦ
οˣʵӮˡ
ŰǵĿˮ˳Աˡ
Ҫˣ̫ƽƿӣǽܡ
˭ʲôĿģ
ΪӺȻ֣
ӺڰԶʵӺȡ˶룬ҷж֧ԶɹŭԶգߡ
ʵӺҲǹģ
ӺǸʲôϵأ
ʱϣߵްĶ̫ƽ˵֪ʲô


17 һ麯

ʱҪԼСѾͷˡϵͻȻһЦ
ʹ
·ϡ
˵ƤˣҲ̫ƽţΪҽΡ
̫ƽЦ̫ƽղˣ
̫ƽָܶǵƽ
ղŶõܣԴǵȴΣ壬ȻҲ˵ȴûʵжײġ̫ƽЦ¡
֮ǰһֱ侮ʯ˵Ҫȥ磬Ҳ̫ƽ֣˵̫ƽ㾿ʩʲôǶħ˴ɵñ
⻰ﰵﶼ˵̫ƽħ֣ڳ˰
ħֿɲǺ
̫ƽȻɫһۣĿɭɱһ
ȵٿ̫ƽʱ̫ƽָֻ̬˲۾ô£ѵղ۾
翪˴ţӭһ˻
ϷѾ˵̫ƽϴͷΪ⣬˰ϴ
ϸϷ˵·ϱ۸¡
Ϸ˷ŭˣ͸ү˵̫Ǿˣ˶۸Ƕˣ褺滹ѧѧأ񲻱˿𣿡
үȴ̾һϿҲϲѾʱһò糯ˣȥ˵ɣ飬˵Ļϻġ
Ϸ˶СӻûؼأŮ۸ͷȥˣȴ֪ȥ
ڣб𣿱ְ䲻񣬿ɻټϱΪƴԵã˵˵á
ǣϷ˹Ȼȥܱ
ܱϷƽһϷҲ˶γҲȥ磬Ǵ󷿺ίܱȻӦ
˭֪ܱȴʹ飬˵Լְߣҵﶨ
Ϸ˵ȻˣˡԴ˶ܱʼ
Ϸ˻ȥȴ̫ƽѾٵȺУʵôˣǻ˯𣿡
ٴ̫ƽϷˣǹ˰裬һҪϷ˳Űġ
̫ƽǸТ˳ĺӡϷ˵ͷΪղűܱܾſҲϲҪ֪Ϸ˷̶ʱģϷ֮ǰǿΪ˳ۡ
ŮϷ˶ϲҲ޵ģ̫ƽ߽ϷУȡλãϷȻġ
̫ƽһͬ¡
̫ƽϷ˰ĦƣԸϷݽţĦѨ
Ϸ˺ûþ˯ˡ
̫ƽϷ˸Ǻñӣڴͷһ麯ԸūҪǵøϷ˴ӣ뿪
Ƿ麯ڴϷʱ򱻲𿪡
̫ƽȻϻͬŮϷһЦչʢľջ
ԭ麯Ͼǽȥ̫
ȷϲϲƫְĺң㶨ȥ״Ҳûˡ
ǣ̫Ͳһ
ƻʵ۲̫ͣ׹⣬˵ҪƫĵĻ̫ﻹƫڳһɡ
ôˣ̫ͻĸĲϣȴ̫Сް
Ƶ۲ϲ̫ȴûвϲ
Ϸ̫󣬳ҵĶ¼̫ȥһ飬֪ԭίĻ̫ػΪ
ϷƵƵͷ̫ƽССͿ뵽һȥ˼ԶǶıȵŮԺûͷ֮·
ׯ˵Ϸˣūĸһ㶼һ֪ģıеСӰӡ
ܴСϷΨһŮʹΪƷȻߣҲǻϵŮˣΪ̫̫˼̫ǳϲ
ϷȻǳһ㣬ֻǿϧˣõģһֱáҪȻضһ
̫ƽϻۣպô㲻ɶԡϷ˾ׯ֣̫ƽ˳ͷ񣬱˴ˡ
ׯףΪϷϴԡ
ÿϷ빬ȻҪϴԡһΪ̫󰮽ྻۻĶ
Ժݳݺɣ屻ٺīź̫ƽ
˵ϷѾ빬̫ƽֹˮ
ȻĸΪɣҡ˵ϷҪԸңȥı
ҹһԶôѶԸڶ࣬Ϸȥ̫ң޿ܡ
ԣ̫ƽϹ
̫ƽĺû̾
̫ƽָָһ˿ȸǽ˿ȸɳȴǺ嫵գǾĺҹ
һΪʮһĹửôڸĻĪʲô


18 ܵ

תۣ̫ƽָָ˿ȸԱߵĿȸǿȸһȴįѩ
Ȼдĸף˿ȸˣ㻹𣿡
ϴ󾪣Ϻߵˡ
̫ƽ˼ǣʱҾǹȻϷԣһТ˳Ȼˣʱȡõ°빦
ǵͲˡ
˿ȸָȸָϡ
ȸһ㶼Ҫࡣ
̫ƽϣҪץסʲô˰
̫ƽ֣жˣ̫ƽϣҵҵױ˵Ű̫ƽϣҼССȲùЩΣǡ
̫ƽһЦ˵˵ﻰǹε۽磬λˣ
ûоͺãûоͺá˵ţȻĸסһк˹˵ϻ
褺㣬ػˣĪѧýշż𣿡§ԼΨһĶ褺㣬ϲ⡣
̫ƽϸ褺һۣȷϸ񣬵ֻǴſӰӡ
ʦ˵ҿԷżٻؼҡҾͻˡ褺˵
Ƴ˵ѣֲǰ˶棬Ͳٵ˵н㣿
褺ؽ˾䣺㡣
Ц̫ƽĪ⣬褺С
̫ƽһɫæȥһ̸褺㿴˾Ȼ۷Ź⣬δԱһ
̫ƽһݹȥ褺㲻ҽӣ˵褺㣬лл㣿
л㡣褺㺦µؽӹȴҳԣǲͣʿˮ
̫ƽ֣褺ǵӣϷҲǱȽ۰ģôôСأ
ҽѧòû壬ôͻؼأ
Ϻ褺㶼Ը˵ﻰ
̫ƽ̾˿
ȥܵܲ׽褺ô
ǣ̫ƽū澰һ̵ĵĶȥ褺㷿褺ٹԵġ
褺ˡ
̫ƽѻˣһҹ޻
պϷ˻ؼˡ˵õĻ
ϴ褺ˡ
褺㳳ŻҪԸ㣬ʹˡЦҲĵĺóԡ
˵طˣĵĶīġ
īԭϷߵģһֺóա
Ϸ˸̫ƽѾߣΪҲǸ̫ƽ绢īһλ
̫ƽ褺£ӻū˺ܶ
褺΢˵㣬ʣ㣬ǲǲ˵
̫ƽͷ
㣬ϲԵдպԡ褺˵
̫ƽЦһɽ軨Цôġ
˵үǸĵģǹȻءֽʸ̫ƽ
̫ƽ룬ǰĸ׻⣬ĵطûеģѾܾòԵˡ
дˡ⡱֡
褺ˣֽ˶۵ãŽ
˵̫ƽϷ˻ˡ
̫ƽ⣬ūǶ£ֻһ١
̫Ѿ֪ҵӼ£ĸȥ飬аնҲԭҪͷ϶£˭֪ʱ״̾˿ô
̫ƽһЦϵˣҲô׶ԸģдĪҲ˵ǰ˵
ϵͷµˡ̫ƽ䣬ʳҹϣ˸񵣱Զû۸ǣ˵ǵʱԶסֻΪʺ̫Ȼš˭֪ӺȻҳͷ֤Զ޹ġ
ʲô̫ƽ۾ɵôģš
˵Ӻ̫˵飬˵Զȷ̫ƽĶԶΪϷȻһ𡣡
Ӻ˶룬˵Ҫһûж
ҲΪǰӺһֱܺã̫ƽ벻ӺĻȥٱжǰѲˣ̫ƽͷδʧ䡣
ϼ˵̫ҸִһʣͲԸٹܣϷȥ̫ƽãʱϢˡ
̫ƽõִˣԶĶˣһΣΪⶾ룬̫ƽͻᱻΪĺĻ
ȢȢͣļӵԸӭȢôһλ
һپ٣һ̫ƽˣܼұĹܶ
Ϸһ֮ȻʲôΪ˴룬ֻȰѹ¡
Ҽ˵ˣҲˣִ̫ǳȥҳ¶ڣǾҲ˵
ҶԸ˵»᲻֮ˡ̫ƽ̾˿ҵĵһν澹Ȼ˸ƽ֡
ֻ벻ͨǣеĹؼﾹȻӺ
Ӻʲô


19 

ϼ̫ƽ۲΢Ϊ̫ƽչֻǸʮһĺӣȻˣͰο鱻Ϸѹˣ̫Ҳûţʲô֪ģİɡ
̫ƽҡҡͷֽµľǾһ£˱ػ̫ǰоٶҲ޿֡
üͷΪѣ⼸նҷȴܵģϾ㸸׶ǳأǵֻͷһ
̫ƽдĸ뵣ģԽǿϣԽʧҲԽĸڣּҷķˣͷͲһˡ
褺գգ۾Ȼ¡
ôˣϺɸ֣ʲôõӻһ˵Ц棬ٵ
Ķӣյĵܵܣʮһꡣ
Խ˵褺Խˣͷúܵ͡
̫ƽ褺֣д֣á
褺۾һ
Ůָ⻬Բ󣬴һƬͬǴֱ
褺ɬһЦ㣬һá
̫ƽͷд褺ǲϲѧã
褺ͷʧؿ˿ϡ
ڲֻ࣬褺㲻˵ʵ
̫ƽҲ֪дĸ׺βһЩʱ䣿ҿĸ֤褺Ǹĺӡ
ԭ褺㲢ûټ䣬褺Ĵڸл档
̫ƽҲʹѾǣ˵ż۸褺㡣
Ϸ˲ϲգȴĶǳأ˾˵ңܼҵϣ
̫ƽ棬ȴǸϲ͵߽ݾӪ֮ͽ丸ܱһ
̫ƽһ۾ϲ褺㣬褺ϿǰԼӰӡ
һĴͣһıһ˹һۡ
̫ƽԸı䣬褺ҲȻԡ
Ҳ̫ƽڼᶨϱˣЦ̫ƽл㡣
ǣ̫ƽ褺յһ
ϴӦˣǰŸߣ̫ƽ̧ͷ;쵽϶һްĿ⡣
ţһذ׺Ȼ߲
书Ѿĺæס
ذи麯ĺȡ麯̫ƽ
̫ƽһֶдţʱ԰ɢױʡ
̫ƽæܣտҲ
˵ϾȻ˴̿ͣҪҪү
̫ƽڰ֣д˲Ǵ̿͡
üͷ׿Ҳʡ
̫ƽдǸǲи԰
ٵͷǣԺԺϡ
̫ƽͷ˻麯Ȼȥȹ
ī˵Ҫȥ
̫ƽûлش𣬼˵˶˰ūȻ֪Ƿ麯дʲôǣǶϣԽϷˣϷ˶ᡣ
̫ƽһ˱дī㾿˭ѾߣҵģϷ˵ģ
ī󾪣벻̫ƽᷴ⣬ū֮ǰϷ˵Ѿߣǹġ
ȻҵѾߣôֻһ˵Ȼ㣬ҶǲͻϷߡ̫ƽĿһϬ
īͷȻһ˫ϥһæ£ū֪
ȻϷǲ̫ƽߣֱ̫ƽͻȥֻϷҲ²Ҫˡ
̫ƽͷҺʵ·
īͷȥ
ĸѾ߼ī֣̫ƽ˷־η
ǶϷɵ̫ƽߵģϷδûдߵ˼
֮ǰ
̫ƽ˳ϲãȡϷ˲̫ƽء
죬Ϸ˶˵ˣ̫Ȼ˹ȥȲ裬̸֮䶼̫ƽ빬˼
ǲū澣Ȼ̫ƽˣϷλŹǣ
ôţٶ˻Ϸ˷뷨
ڷžӱȹ̫ƽȻûôࡣ
ū澸̫ƽǾոǵΪõģָֻһӾǶĲ
鶼ദģԵȣɵȡ
ʱˣͻôǣϷ֮ѡ
īĸū澾һ𣬲֪ʲôٱ˵
ȥɡ쿴ɫȹҴϺÿ𣿡̫ƽд
Цﴩʲôÿ
̫ƽͷд֣ǻҴϣ
æ̫ƽá
Ҫȥ԰ūЩġ
̫ƽ˵ٵЦˣд£ǸǸ˶𣿡
ٵͷ
̫ƽдңҪȥлģȻǱЦǶ֮ˣοкܶҪ


20 Լ

ϡ
̫ƽţŽװֻȥţֻѾ١
˵ѾصˣҴ˺ܶʳϷ˺
ˣͲǺ̫ƽʶԶ۸̫ƽһҲǺʹϷǰͷ顣
Ϸ俴ﲻϲɿڶӺĳʳϣҲԸΪϾ۸̫ƽңͼ޹ˡ
ǽǺϷˣһͬŵġ
̫ƽָ˰̫ѨԼıôȴвһ
ÿҪҩȴһشŶ

УҪһ㣬һҪٲܳ˷ˣ
԰ҹա
ǶƫƧĽ䣬ֻˣϷդΧסϻһ˻ȥ
̫ƽʱ԰ϵȻǿŵġ
洫
˵ôˣ澹Ȼ˭֪˻ǹ밡
̫ƽҡҡͷ۾ļٱ졣
ţ·Ҫ֪̫ƽд֣꣬ӹĵ˽ȥ
Ѿѡ
ΪûĹ޴ư͵Ů߲Ѿ߻Ϸ˵ģҪ˭
Ȼ˸֦Ըðսӹȥ
Զή£Ȼһˡ
΢΢ͷкסֻЩ˵ߡ
һҷذ³ۺɢŵĳ紵Ʈϸָ
ʮָһ㣬Ծ
ҹ¶¹飬Ǹٵ룬һ㣬Զá
̫ƽ۾ͣŲߺϤǰҲϤ
ɽˮƽȴżκˡ
ǵ֮ˣƽϵ۾䲻ɼףǸ˱ֲڿ
ڣָѸһȻֹ
̧ͷ˲䣬ϳˣǵӺߵС
ܹˡСͦɣ΢ˡ
̫ƽͷʵͲµӦ
綼ڴСӸӺǶ佻ʶСȻݲȴû˸
ϣСӾͰĿͶˣ֮ǿ׵ġ
Ŀֽл֮
СӵͷҾ뿴ܹǷܹȻûʧ
̫ƽֵֽӼȻȣСŮȻԵл
˵úãǷеҽأȻ٬СӻǰǰվңҶ
ü续ôЦĿĿᣬֻκһŮһĿڻ
̫ƽǻŮ
һĨЦһ¹µ滨ޱȣ𣺡ܸСŮӵңкβأ
ãȻܹҵѣҽ͸һݼϣϲС˵꣬ڿơ
߳һ꣬Сӵϥ񣺡ˡ
ӽܹˡС˵
ǰ̫ƽ񣺡˷Ը
̫ƽ΢üëСʲô
СӴ߷Цƴ󣬿²öԸǣ˸㡣֪ܹɻ⣿
̫ƽ֪ӸǷгΪҪң
СӺȻսҸҲ޳ޣֻ㡣
۵Ļǰֻ̫ƽҲúꡣ
ټϣĺȵ㣬Ķϣʹչ翾˻
ѹºߣ˿ӭĿתͷǳЦ绨ô𣿡
һ˲䣬Сӷ𣬿ĿȸղŶ˼ϸ
ΪʵĿģСҲԱŮʹͬĻһֻ̫ƽһ۾Ϳֻס
ֻǽס
Цˣܹ侲ȻҪҵǸˡ
̫ƽҲЦˣЦ´ѩӨΣȻңǷһ飬˵ɣҪʲô
鷿ڲʮݵĵͼܹ԰ϸңԸΪܹƽһ֮С۾Ŀ
ƿĿ⣬䵭Ҳ֪ܲܰ㡣ΪҲ֪ҸһݵͼߣҵĿ겢Ϊ˲ƽҡ
ŶСĿ۾һ˿ǣˣ㸸׵ȷС
빫ӷģҵĿĲΪ˲ңҺҲĲ
С΢ģáϣ´μ棬ҿԵõݵͼȻˣұԼȥȡֻǣҪɹϸң˼˵аһЦ
¹ϣ֮ľ벻ԶҲ
໥һ̫ƽ˵ʹóȻǰᣬҴݣͲĴӺһɫ𣿡
ֻСӻûлش𣬺Ȼһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲ
СЦͻ֪͸һݴ񡣡һԾˡ
ټܽˣˡ
ţѩ˵˽
ѩС̵Ѿߣѩ̧Ϊ
ΪŮڴŮԽдҲƺΪѩ
̫ƽãô㾹Ȼ˽ӣҪȥĸĸ㣬Ϊóѩ˵̫ƽ˵
ڶ༱ҵĽŲ


21 ҹ

ŮӾȻˡ¶ԸūΧס̫ƽ٣ߡ
̫ƽЦʲôʱ¶ϳһˣ
Ϸˡ˴һԶÿ˵ϷϷ˹
ˣϷ˿Χ̫ƽüһ
˴ѩһ۷磬ѩæϷǰд£ĸҿ̫ƽô˽ˣ
˵ڳѾӶˡϷüëϣĹŮݺõ飬Ҳó
ѩ󾪣еøˣĸûݺ̫ƽ
æȥ죬˵ˡʲôطҪǵ˶ЦǶ𣿡
Ϸ˿ϡ¶ϱæȥ
Ϸ˳˿ǲ۵ĸץûƾûݵģ˵Щʲôֻ̫ƽʱбˣ
Ѿǹȥѩ
ѩ߽߱У̫ƽĸôץң
Ͽ˵֮£Ҫ˵ҪȻϷˣΨʣ
һҲ¶ϵ̬ūҲˣ׷׹·˵ԡ
Ϸ˿һȦɢȥСϷȥá
ٷ̫ƽڷ̫ƽӵôѩ֪أ
ѵ̫ƽߵūļϸ
ѩĸϵѵǴ̫ͨƽ
ǡλ֪̫ƽ԰飿
ʱϷ˲Ѿߺٶ̫ƽذϵ麯ˣȻûп麯дʲô̫ƽ԰Ҳˡ
ϵ麯ҲѲ̫ƽҪȥľ԰
̫ƽ˰ٵ֣һ򶨵ٲŷ
̫ƽ˺£Ϸֶ˲裬ݵϷġ
̫ƽд˵԰ȽϰŮȥ£뵹ǱѩײˣǱˡ
Цɣҹܵ԰ֻΪ£οҹֻ£ɫѽ
̫ƽһЦдôѩΪҹܵ԰ȥأѵΪײң
һ仰Ŀɿڴ⡭֪
Ȼ֪廰ʲôϷ˺ǳڣ˭Ҳ𺦶
ίӲ˲۽ǣ˵
̫ƽ˰дĸŮ˵԰˲ٱһʱѪŹȥġ
̫ƽᵽָǲݵĺڣ̫ƽղŵȷˣҩҲȷһ˵
˭˵Ϸ˵ʱ󺧣૵ε֪԰˱ģ
̫ƽգգ۾ϷôӦôѵ԰ʲôı
ѹϷ˲˽԰ԭ԰ܡ
Ů˵ıǺڰ̫ƽд
Ϸ˳̾һ˵̫ƽ˵ȥұˣĪǻ⣿
æ£ĸף檲ҡ
ˣѾ׵̫ͣƽãҲ޵ʲô˼ҡΪҸԼŮû޳ȥءϷһ۾Ϳ뷨
Ų
¶Բ˵ĸףչ̫ƽѩ𡭡
Ϸ˵ͷймҹ档̫ƽΪŮӦΪŮ֮ģȴԼҹȥƧ˷飬ѩˣȰ軹£˸дȥգһ˼
Ϸ˶˵ˣҲ
̫ƽϷ
С֮ʱµһ仰͸һ˼⡣
һƬǡ
̫ƽϣĿ
Ѿҹˣ˵˯ƭ˵ġϷҪ˼Ÿտʼأܵ£Ҳӡ
ѩҲš޸ͣưͣҴҹ˯Ҫ
˵ѩô˵ģ˭ǹˣԲѽµ㣬㻹Թǹˣ
ѩվưͣҾôˣҴưͣ˵žͳ˹
ٻţȴѩߵū澸
ѩѾʮˡʮһ̫ƽôùأ
ׯ֣ѩҪǹ鼱֮ٲܲ˵ش
ͷŵׯæ˹ѩѩôͲˣ֮䳳Ҳˣôܴأ
æ̫ƽȷȥ磬ǹ͸ô۸ˣһŮǹϷֻ²֪ѩôǿ
ׯ˵ģūڣϷҪūǿ˭Խȥ


22 ־ɥʧ

ѩ޿˵Լжί˵Ҫ
ׯ˵ѩϷ˵ҲģвƽȥͨϷˣֻö˶˵عţȴ˵ˣѵһŮȵŮҪ𣿡
ѩ˵ֻù²Ҷˡ
ׯµſš
̫ƽٸׯ͵͵ݹȥɰ
˵ôˣҪͷׯҹҼҹίʵⲻȥ⻹ׯ¡
ׯֽӹл
ҹˡ
̫ƽ㰸ǳ˯
ѩū澰Σȥ˯ˡū˯ѩӡѩֶˣʹūȥҳԵˡ
ׯּλС㶼˯ˣҲȥ˱ϵС˯ȥˡ
ûã̫ƽϡϡĽŲ
װ˯ûжֻ۷ȥơ
յѾ˽ѩ
ѩ˳ȥ
̫ƽæ˹ȥ
ѩ˵ȽС̫ƽֻܶ϶䡣
㲻˵ȷϢ̫ƽȷȥ԰һΪֳֻ̫ƽһˣǵãʲô¶ûУҵĸ˵ݺõˡѩ޷޲ƽ˵
˵ǹҲ֪ʲôһ̫ƽļơ뱨𣬴ʱȴõĻᡣ
ʲôҪҳûɱ̫ƽɣΪβ֣ΪҪҵ֣ɱ̫ƽĸŹңѩ
ѵѩﲻΪ̫𣿡ʡ
ѩͷߵҧ䡣
˵ǹ˵ˣֻҪѩɱ̫ƽǹȻ԰ƽ£̫ǱҲѾ˵ûΪ淣ʱ뱲ӣٻܲˣ
ѩϲ˻棿
˵ǹ͸ѩΪҪãͬŮͬѵѩﻹҪǹﲻɣ
ֻǷҸ̫ƽˣɱĸǱ߸˵ѩʡ
ݸѩһҩ裬̫ƽ˯ţҩУ֮ǰ̫ƽﻹһŵ̫ƽߣǹ̫ƽʼдġʱϷǱ߾ͻΪ̫ƽǻԾֵͷϣ
ѩӹҩ裬Ҵȥ
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ֻǿϧˣպǧ㣬ȴ㲻̫ƽ
˭̫ƽаҽҩõù
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̫ƽ΢ЦȻѸסѩӣڵأҩѩС
Իҩѩˣĺ´
ѩ˼£˹ȥϵĶҩڵϡ
Ҳˡ
ѩʵǹְūȥׯ֣Ϸ˴˵
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һʱҲץ֤֤Ļʹ
ɻУϷһ
Ҫ£Ǳҵġ̫ƽд
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ź£ɫֱȡ£¶Ӣӣɫޱȣˡޡóһƿӡ
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ҩҾİƣƿֻš˿һš˵
СӰƵģСӾȻҲ᰾ҩ
˵˵þһƭǹأ
˵ҴӲƭˣ˵˾ҵˡ
㡭ҲǵģôЦ𣿡ĪȴݺݵصһۣҸ˵㲻Ҫ졣
Ӷߣһ֪㲻Ǻˡ
̫ƽһЦҰɡ̯ơ
ѩ̫ԸպãȰεһϰ
һźɫҩ̫ƽϡ
̫ƽţȷޡιѩ˽ȥ
ͬħһ㣬ѩȻ˫Ŀʧ񣬴ľ
˵ȥգԾɱ
ѩеӦǡתȥˡ
پĿɿڴ
˵ˣˡҾ͸Ĵ񡣡
̫ƽͷ˵лл
ˡ
˵ѩȥɱ𣿡


23 ˭

̫ƽͷ
޵ãǰҲʦ˵
ѩ޵Ķ־ѾɥʧǸˡ
ֻѩδɱգ»ᱻշɱ
ᷢʲô飿
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ˡ
ׯּҴҵرϷ˽ߣٴλʱһˣѩˣϷȥһˡ
˫ֶ㲻Ҫȥˡ
ׯֻΪ̫ƽӣ㰲οģѩµصڷôſڣϷֻ˽һūƺҲϴˡǴſūķ䣬ҹū˯
̫ƽдӰᣬȻⲻׯġׯ־赣ģϷ˺ε۹ˣܲࡣ
ׯֿ޵лū
һá
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ͷԺһߵܣŵǸ˾ѩԱߣﶶ򣬿޸ͣ
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£ĸС㶼ˡ
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Ϸù˵ļ壬ȻСڷôſ£ǴȥǶܾ֣һ֮Ҳˣظȥˡ
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⻰ﰵﶼָū澡ڴһ죬ָѩѲ˹ϵ
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ϷķҵҪˣ檣ޣûһܵεģ
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ѩѾҲ֪ˡ̾˿
̫ƽдô˭һѩأ
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̫ƽдׯϸһϷѩӡ
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æ˵ʹãۻأ
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ȥˡ
Ȼ˽Ťס̫ƽĸ첲ʹһ㣡ѩٱҹ԰ģѩҪȻͬڷޣΪֻѩ£ȴȻأ
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˵û˵ô˵㡣ǸѩĳҲ˵
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Ϸ˵ǲ̫ƽģзģҲϢֻǴɵĶࡣе֤֤̫ƽΪ
˵ǵģڶҵѩĽӡЩӡһֱ죬ȴڻ԰ˣɼΪԼѽӡĨġɴ˿Կ϶ǣҹѩ뿪áѩڷġڷͷ޷κһ̫ƽĽӡɼѩ̫ƽ޹ء
˵˭ɱѩ˭


24 ϸ

Ϸ˵ڲЪһЪ㻹ĹչˣĹȣϿӡ
ҪǿŮϷ˲Ųһɫ
ﱻūǷ£ūǻݹȥˮ
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Ȼ̧ͷ޺޵ؿ̫ƽ̫ƽмƿĿ⡣
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ץס˵ûУ֪˵ˡ
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ô̫ƽҲԼˣ˸߲ңͱˡ
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̫ƽд֪ĸΪҺãҾȥѱҲᱻ˸ɱˣѩĸҹΪ˱ҡ
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̫ƽд˵
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ﻹ濴ÿָжء־ȴң⣡ߵ˵Ϊβ˵
˵Ҳûš粻˵ƶջбؼһʱһɣʱ̧ԽߡˤʱҲԽҡ̫ƽд
Ϸ˸Ѿ߹ˡ
ѣΪū澡֮ĵ
̫ƽٶ˵˾䣬ٵͷ˵һֶſлҪǡ
ūһֶ̫ƽǰվֱīī㣬ĺɣƣޡ
īó壬ƹ̫ƽԺߣϺͻīó㣬ƹԺѬ¯ĺɻ书ضʹɨػƶԸĬͺһ˷ÿ֧޻һҽƽ̫ƽҩҩġ
ū澸˾ְȱһɡȻǰֻŶ̤ϷԺɶȱ˵̫ƽԣʱ֮ʣԲƽǵĹȥ
˭֪оȻļϸ˴ʧ
ᣬǹȥϷֻÿ˵вԸµĿԸ£ͶⱭ衣ٰ̫ƽת
ϰ屭ˮ


25 

̫ƽдûڲˮҷһֶ˭˵ˣⱭͻʧ̬һǺⱭһ⣬˭ȥˣû˵ѣֶͲᷢջԶй
ū㿴ңҿ㡣
ƣĸ̬Ը̫ƽ
ū岻²ܷ̹ˡ˵ʱ˫Ŷͣܽš
̫ƽ˵޷㲻ԸңҲԺⱭ衣
ĸū̺˲裬ȴŲˮ˫ֶٳٲϺ¡
̫ƽһЦԲˣϸơ
ǣƽʱʵǽթ֮ͽô˵ͱأ
ĸţлҪ˵һ̫ͨƽд
ĸѾ˳ȥˡ
̫ƽдȻشҡǲļϸ
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˵µģļгĸһ磬ĸ粻ѧǮ˺ܶ࣬ȥȥ绹ծˡ
˵ǰūǲѵġ
̫ƽ˫ﺮһ
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̫ƽȻڶλᣬֻǴʱ軹ô
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̫ƽװϷ˲ҪաдҲã˽һۿﺬᣬװίӡ
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ϷҲ֡ѾͷʵģǷ̫Щ㣬ﷴͱܡǾĲˡūŵģҪġ
̫ƽͷ
ҩˡҩڶŨҩζϮϷ̲ס˸硣
̫ƽдҩĸǰпµġǣŮ֮ÿ£벻ȻˣϷһˣһҩϲʡ


26 ת

Ϸüë΢΢һ壬ʱˣ̫ƽǰʾҪ̫ƽҩ⣡
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ˡ
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ϷһﾹȻ˼Ӻ̫ƽ
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˵ҲߣżȻŹô뿪أôҲŮΪŮ뿪
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ߡ
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̫ƽæϷ˴
񲻸˵ˣͷվߡ
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¡ū澽ˮϷ˺ǳȥ
ܺãţÿϷؿǰΣһڲ衣
̫ƽдĸ˴ˣŮҪġ˵ҵؿ
ڴҶΪϷ˻ԭʱϷ˺Ȼɫ


27 ͷ

һﵨҲ̫ˣòãģǰ˰ɣ㾹Ȼѵѵ𣿻Ӻ̫ƽҲ㣬ֻ̫ƽҪ㺦ûˣϷ˰Ѳյصһ
סˡ
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ܸϷءֻΪҲڣҪǰһµžҪԼһˡ
ǣС߿ޱ߿ͷĸ˵öԡĿ𱰣үŮҴ򣡴ӽһμǵҵݣ
һֱͷѶͷĳѪˣˣæҲߣ˵ĸǿҲźˡ
Ϸ̾˿̯̯˵ֻ֪ȴ֪̫ƽΪЩҩűҪž͹ţʵҲ÷ҪޣǸô˲ⱣˣˣⶼǴ󷿵ļ£ҹܲˡֻǿ̫ƽ⺢ӡ
̫ƽϷô˵ѹ۽װޡ
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̫ƽһͷֵݹȥһɾӣ̫ƽӹ۾
˵ֻ̬ʾί
ֻںί̫ƽĿӶ
ϷԽۣɫ˵ǲҪ̫ƽǸġѩһɵҲĶ࣬ҲѲ˸ϵôҲ÷ȻԷڣӽڷΪѩɣҪٳˣûҵһӶҪ
ⲻҪ
տ˵ĸôôģûйϵҪ緣أŰҲ˰ɡ
գﵣĵؽһ䡣
Ѿ̫ˣϷˣЦ˵ãҪҷ㣬Ҿͷ㣬ҲһȥȥɣûҵһһӲ׼
ԭΪֻҪһ𱻽㣬Ϸ˾ͻ˭֪ϷҪǶˣʱɫ԰ףҲҪҲҪȥã
ĸףհɣŮϷ˽űߣϷ˵ĽŰ
Ϸһ࣬˿ҡġ
ת񣬿վĬĬ
³ؼҾ;ôһջײϷˣۡ
ڵء
ôû뵽ˣŮҲҪų¡
ϷҲˣ߳ȥ̫ƽѾæ˹ȥ
һͬ뿪Ļ
ãϷ˵ЦˡÿҼҾ־һ㡭
˵ˣȥ磬ǻӰϧ˴಻УһֱĶǡΪһ棬ͷѪʬۡҼöˡҲˡ
˵Ķԡÿ˶ִܷöáϷ̾˿
ˡ֮ǰ˸ҩ̫ƽ˵ǿԵ̫ƽġ
Ϸ̫ƽ˵ѩѾˡϾסġǱڹٸȲ˵ƾǵİ참ܲܲĳǸ⣬ֿˡ𺦵ҲǶǣǾˣֻﲻӦ˵ôã
̫ƽӱдʵĸѾ֪νĸֻҪһŮŮ飬ĹﶨһԵױ񶼲οŮݡˣϢˣĸѴ
˵úáϷ̫ƽͷЦҵȷҲ벻뵽һȥˡ
һЦϻۣҲϷ˵̵ĺá
⻰٣Ե̵ŮӣǷǳϻ۵ġͱ繬ѩֻǿϧˣ˹òüϷ˵ţ۾ʪˡ
ϷΨһŮϷ̳ģĸŮ˼Ҳ
̫ƽЦһ棬ϷдԺŮùТ˳ĸ
úӡϷһѰ̫ƽ§ڻ
̫ƽصԼԺӣƣԡһ
۾Ҫ
ΣѩҪأȴԼͽ˷
µ˶֪ѩйˡ
ڣĸŮʱٳ˷ˡ̫ƽ徲һˡ
ϴԡϣ̫ƽ£˳ȥҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ѿʰ
Ϭ㣬̫ƽܡ
ϺȻ˸ϤӰ
Ӱ͵ЦţͶްĿ⡣
˭


28 ʶ

̫ƽһ˹յǽ¡
Ƨ꼻ţϵĴġֱۡڱ˰ա
Сһ¹䣬·ֻ˵񣬴Ϸɵš
ï֦Ҷֻһ˫Ƶķ
̫ƽ˵ˣ֪ϡ
ǻδ䡣ϵȴˡ
̫ƽĿĴѰңȻһ󼲷ϮϺ󾱡ȵϢĶϡ
̫ƽͷһ˫һۣһ
СЦ˫˫㣬ܹϲϵݴ񣿡
̫ƽظ򾲡һЦøСӡƾǻ۶СⶼܰѹԼϣ
֪ǿ𣿡̫ƽʵ
Իһ㡣СЦߵ̫ƽǰ
Īʶӣ̫ƽԼдӡֻ֣ó
Сһ֪֪٣
ǰŮ򵥡
ǰǰǶӣཻҡ˵
ʲôѾˣ
̫ƽվȡ
ܹ￴ܱˡĪܹǰҲʶģСЦ
̫ƽȴ֪ôģ
֪С˵ôǸôʶأ
Ҳʶֻҽ˭֪ôһҽտǰˣῪĵġ̫ƽǿ˻ȥʱǲͣ
ǰʦ縸ĸһѧ
ϧ޸ְ֮ʦȻ֪١
û뵽ǲ֪١ˡ
ֻǿϧʦյʱ¶һˡߡ
һֱԸ⴫ҽڱˣȴԸ޵Ʒ㣬ɼҲǾϲ֮ˡôǰ˵ʲô̫ƽãȻ
СӼˣ϶̫ƽ֮ǰʶġ
Ը⽲СҲʡǰᵽһˡ
˭
Сӿ̫ƽ˵˵ΣգҪҹȥǵҸϵʱˮϢȴ˹
ᡰરડع̫ƽ̲סˡ
벻ʦһ̣뵽İΣ
Ϊ˲Сӿᣬ̫ƽתȥ
Сӻǿˡ
һذ׽˹
޾Ϳ޳ɡᡣ㻹ǺġС˵
̫ƽӹӿţһһġ
Ϊ޵ñȽ侹Ȼϸ΢Ŀ
С̧ͷ
ư
ôп
̫ƽҲ֡
ڵ壬ư͵ĶȥѵЧˣ
ңӵķĹ̫ƽת
СӶڰ׷۾һһȥ
һʲô˼̫ƽ⡣
СӲ˵ִһƬҶӣﴵ
̫ƽæȥҪᡣ˵㲻°˸
СЦܹԴ·ϱҹԺ󣬾ѾˣĪܹﻹ֪
Ȼ֪̫ƽҡҡͷ
Ĵ˵ܹѾԶᱡȥܹǸŮӡֻܳưͿˣԽԽڵġС˵ꡣ
̫ƽսȭͷʵ̫ˡ
ڸĵʦķĹ
ȻûáȲʦûмʦһ档ȥһݣո㡣Ӧõġ
ô㼸ʱȥӵķĹ̫ƽ
ǵҲȫȻںСһЦ
ٵһǻ̫ƽ˵һĮأʲôںӡ

һƬͨĲҶСȻܴô
̫ƽš
ЩϤ
ǰһ
ô벻
СȻ˵ܹԺסϷԺĻ᲻Ǻܶˡ
ôе˸У
̫ƽһЦ˵ҪңȻѲ㡣
СЦЦӺټ빬ڻߣ빬ˣ̫ƽңҲˡ
ǻ𣿡̫ƽϺ޲˵δػô빬
ţСĿβ
㻹ûõҸ׵ʮݵĵͼأ㲻ôӦ̫ƽ˵ڲڶûйϵصֻнס
뵽ղ̫ƽ˵˾Ϣʹ飬䵭ĮȻСԽԽ̫ƽȤ
ԭҲôޣֻǲΪ
һκ˶Ҫ侲ŮӣϾжأ
빬ǰһȥӵķǰС˵ͷˡ
߹ˡֲСӻȻ뿪
ûɣ


29 

ʰˡϷ˹˵·Ѿոµı죬ȹҲ巿µˣҪǴԽԽáЦ˵һ㶼ûп
̫ƽͷдϷֻ࣬ǺҲû̫ණԴߵġģҪϣ褺ܵϲԸ㡣Ĳζġ褺ܷܵļ飬ҲһӴϰɡ
ǡٷ̫ƽȥ
һϷԺʰ׵̫ƽҲȥ·䣬ǳ⡣

Ϸ̫ƽ˵ǰ˵ū˼ϸҩҲ͹ģԩ˵ҩͶ˶޹ءѾ߶òˡôö㡣
ʵϴ̫ƽװ˵屭ﶼж˭Щ裬˵ѻͻᱻ֪ʵ̫ƽǺ˵ģĺҩʶٻ滰ֻūȴˡ
һҲͰ˳Ǽϸ
̫ƽԼֳͷͽ֣ǵһЦдĸȻƸ裬ҲƸ͸̰ɡ֮أضһ˷̣ҲһЩ
Ϸ˵ͷνжĥ뷨ܺáԴ裬
һΣϷҲѾ͸ĶϷǰװǲܹˡ
ϣ̫ƽϷ˰Ħ׵˯²ᡣ
ѩպͳˡ
Ϸ˶ֻ˵ǵ˲С
ȴסˡ
Ѿ˵նطһ¡
ذϱ̤áǵǡ죬Զܻضš
Զ˵ס۸ù̫Ǻβһ˵ܼŰŮǰѩձ㣬ɷ磬ԣҲȵӣܸͬܣڶ
󽫾ŨüޣĴ˵ãĪ֪ѩǱùú𣿻ҪѩùϾ·ֻǹڷһ취ȥġҲ취ùôԼҲ취գçײ˵ԣڷﰲһҲá
ѾӲ˲ɤ˵ǰ磬ӡպ޵ҲǳԿģҪĥĥˣοǿϣʼҵġ
Զ˵ҿ̫ƽļƣɣӺҹùúãҾͼɢĶպĸӵܸȢ
ѾЦ磬Ĵɢôܹأ粻дһ飬׼ƸȥףǴ𲻴ӦǸ̫ƽĺ͸ʲôβ
ȥԶһЦһ̫ƽԺң¶ޱҪˣ
ѾһЦǸΪѣȢưͰɣ
Զذ˰֣ưͣôȢ檶У
˵ҲЦ
̫ƽѾӦϱһ㡣

ϷԺ˺ܶκϣκϻں̣ܶʱޱȣлʱطҷ
̫ƽ˻ɨ仨װ仨
ī˵СˣδζԺſڣҽ
̫ƽд褺ˣôңСϷԺǲ롣ǲġ
īæȥ롣
̫ƽժһƬҶӣ߱߷ʶģСӵĶ
֣Сܴôʹ
㡣褺ˣ˸ʳС
̫ƽ褺¡ü۶ǴЦġ
㣬ϻ˵ϲ⣬Ѱ˾ǶѰ˳ӡԸһ㳢ǲе⣿褺˵ߴʳС
һζϮ
Ͳ˵⡣ǿóģΪ״ǳϡŹ֡
̫ƽ벻һЦ褺㾹ȻġҲܵòóԾͳ
ó𣿡褺εʵ
̫ƽͷдóԣܳԵܵĵ⡣ǽҡ
褺ܸˡ
̫ƽͷüͷȥʵ⵰ⲻóԣ̫ƽװóԵӡ
ǰͷùˣ⹣ں̫ƽ
æ̫ƽ˲ˮ˲ˮ̫ƽȥ
褺ʧˣ⵰һóԡԽԵôࡣ
˵С˵ˣǲóԵĶǹҪһµġ
̫ƽգգ۾Ѿͷ˵
ģ褺㻹ǰŰɡ
ȻˣûгԹôóԵĶء̫ƽд
Ǻãٸ褺¸ˡ
Ҫ
ô컹ҪôѳԵĵ⣿
̫ƽεصͷ
Ȼд֣ĥʱ䡣
褺дúܶҲ
̫ƽ֣Ϊĺѧ᲻ѧãѧأ


30 ѧ

д褺㣬ѧ۸㣿
褺㺦Ȼ鱾ץס̫ƽ֣ȫ
̫ƽ褺ĺ󱳣д߽㣬㶨Ϊͷ
㣬˰ɣ˵ˡҵġ褺ʵ﷢Ҫɳˡ
ôйϵѵ۸Ǽˣ̫ƽд۾һˣ
ѧ۸㣿̫ƽȻ
̫ƽģεĿ⣬褺˵ԭ
ԭһֱѧ۸褺㣬褺ǳȥѧã͵͵ܻؼҡڸǲȥѧˡ
ڶǲôĿŵ۸褺ġѧͲһ
褺㲻ҸΪǳϲ档ϷҲϲƱһЩ
Ϊ褺˳ܣ񻹴褺㡣
д
Ļֻǹ褺㲻ȥѧˣ褺㲻ѧͻѧҵãû˸ˡ
ѧɼϣ褺һֱǵһӵڶ
ӣ褺ǵӰ
ҵȻɵӼ̳еģӻӹ޵ǲܼ̳мҵ
ҪϷ˶褺ʧȥģҵȻͻϣ
ԭҲͻ˳ĵӡ
ϷһعˣԭˣϷɸӭȢңҲԸ
ɲ˵ӣǾֻܴѹӡ
õӳΪ̸ϡȻͻữΪգ̳졣
һֺ̣
µĶӣսթǸһޣ
ֻѾ㣬һʮкӾͺöԸˡ
뵽̫ƽ΢΢һЦ˿յ
㣬ĪҪ߸ףײϲֵܲ͡˵׻˵磬ҵġ褺ֱʵ
ֱȴѪۣǱĺۼ
̫ƽɫһд٣ȥҷȡ͸
æȥ
͸̫ƽհƵģܹ˿ϣȥ
̫ƽСĵظ褺ֱĨ͸ࡣ
ֱָỮ褺ĺůů
ٽӹ͸˵ǹԼָˣ͸أ֪Ҫ͸ж࣡ǶСӺģ
褺ж˵л㡣
̫ƽȻд褺㣬۸£ĸŲţ㶼Ҫǲʵĸȥѧһʱ֪Ǻð취˵ΪͷĪ¡
褺ͷ㣬ĸĻ𣿡
벻šҪԼȡ˲֪ĸףһͬʵġ̫ƽд
褺ڹ
ϷڻƻȦϣū澸Сȶǡ
ֹϷӵ¡
ԭڳƣ̫ҽϷ˾״̬ѣԪϷӹϷҲϷ˿һ¡
ԪǹӼʱڹ٣ƽϾʱȽ϶࣬ʱȥϷĸϷӺãǱȽġ
ֻǣոոѩɥ£˴䡣ΪϷ˶Ůˡ
ˣֺϷ˽̸µʱģΪרע̫ƽ褺ˣҲ֪
ĸϷ̫ƽ߹ȥ˵Ϸ˻褺ȴɵվŲǰ
褺Ϸ˲ô׽ϷҲϰˡ褺ĿҵͲٴ
ȥˡ
̫ƽдѧòδ壬褺ܵȴѧÿÿڼУֻѧ۸ĸΪ褺ܵ
Ϸüͷ˭۸Ǽҵĺӣ
褺㡰ͨһ˵ϣĸȥѧõ飡̫Ӷϲȥѧˣ
褺һίϷ˵شҶȥ顣ȻʲôƵġһԵׯ֣ǲǺ褺ͬһѧãɻˣһ治ͺˣ
褺˫ֶĸ
ʲôϷּˡ
̫ƽдĸ۸褺ܵܵˣ档
ʲôʱѵܹƲŹ褺㣿Ϸ֣޿ܣ
̫ƽȻһ벻Ϸ˵ӡУ
ôϷȥѧ鵽࣬ҲˣԸš
ѵ褺Ǵ
褺ĸû˵ѡ
ֱֵܼǰһ״ģѧǲȥͲȥˣѵܹĸôдģҲǲ֪ģϷذڰ֣㾿Ǵʲôľģ


31 ı

ĸ褺˵
ǵӣɱ˺ܶ࣡Ϸʧ
褺ͷúܵͣ۾ˡ
̫ƽ֪褺Ǻˣ褺㱾ͺϷˣǳ̫ƽĹͲ
ˣֻܴۣµӻñǰС
̫ƽ룬дĸǸ磬Ӧŵܵܣȴ褺ܵ۸ɼĶԵܻܵǲİѵܹ׺λ常˺ð򲻿褺֮䣬˲
̫ƽһϯϷ˶褺褺㡣̫ƽ˵ûƽﲻ㣬ĲԡǸɲޱӣĴ˵Ĳˡ
ȸղ˺ܶ࣬褺˻֣ʾ褺
褺̧۾ؿϷˣôԶʱϷ˸ոĺøжɢˡ
ϲ˵ĺӡ
̫ƽæ߹ȥ褺Ϸǰס褺ֵݵϷ
ֻСֲ֣ϼ룬ƣСְۣϸ£һһС
Ϸ˿˫֣̾ˡ
ĸϡ̫ƽдȻԼ֣ҲŵϷ˵ĴС
ָȴƤ
ⲻһʮһŮָ
Ϸæ̫ƽָô£
̫ƽд̫ƽϲҩÿÿҩҩָ֭ʶЩƤ£Ƥȥ
һƤȥ̫ƽҾϲ㽲Ϸſ褺Ҳ§˻Ըׯȥ౸˵ţ̫ƽ褺һԡ
Ϸ˻褺㽥ɡ
һŵʱ̫ƽ褺ԸµرʫϷ
褺㾹ȻʫԼ⡣
Ϸֱ֣褺֪ѧʶҲͦõģȥΪ׽֪褺ô㡣
Ϸ˿褺ճѧ˳
ɵǣùˣſ褺㱳ʫ
褺иĹۡ
ס̫ƽ褺
ϷЦã褺ոձȫʫ裬Ҿͦõģ滹Ҫǿϼ֡
˵ǻᱳУþǿˡ
̫ƽд˵ѧĳɼ褺ܵܶǵһ
𣿡ֻ֪ǵڶȴ֪褺ǵһ
Ϸ˵ͷֵͬͬ⣬ûг·𣿡
⻰Σʷˣ
Ϸ˾˵ˣûʲô£ʲôģϷ˻İҿѵġ
ȻϷ˶˵ûʲô£̫ƽҲ˵ʵ
Ǹƫģ˵Ҳá
ܹϷ˶褺Ĺ۲پѾܲˣ»лˣ̫ƽ褺ȸǡ
ﶼطˣ滹ӵȥ
ˣ̫ƽ£˵ϼİӲȹɫ̫ƽϲġ
̫ƽлϡ
Ϸ褺öˣ˵Ϸùšⵣĵؿ褺㣬褺ӣϷǰǸԳ̴ˡ
̫ƽд褺㲻Գ̴ĸײصģϷԽԽϲ褺ܵˡ
˻棿ϲš
̫ƽͷ
褺˸Ȧ˻˵ĸʫúܺãȦҡĸ׿쿴
ϼᶼ˳Ϸ˿Ǻʹ褺ģôϷǿʼϲˡ
˽˵褺˵
ס̫ƽ֣ģ̫ƽҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôлĻźá֪Դǡ
һˣ˵ллͼˡ̫ƽдһЦ
˵ˡǹϲСӡǹֻôһܵܣȻŵ谮
˵̫ƽҲôһŮ
⻰˼ǡŮϲģֻ̫ƽϲ
̫ƽдĸ򲻿ô˵ĸǴ󷿵ҷˣԵҷ˵Ⱥʣ⿴˭ͲҪ˵
˵⵹ǣѡ
ˡ
褺ȥս̫ƽ֡
ô뿪㰢㣿Ц㰢ҲҪϢˣٴ
褺Ÿˡ
̫ƽԼ䣬Ϸ˷ʱƻȻš
ׯֹȥ˲裬ʱ۾˯߳סׯ˵Ϸ˽ôˣô˻û˯˼𣿡
֪ү˵ʲôҲûһҽͻҳȥϷɫͦã˳үʲôϷˣׯִŹǷ˵ǽҪˡЩҹҲֻܸԴ֮Щ˵ӡ
ҪӻȻӷ˲豭ҵϵţϷǻ˶


32 ѡ

˵ӣҲҼ̫ƽôҲ׵ľȻҴ𲻴ӦϷ
ׯִҳˡ
ҲĸףԶ⺢ӲģսϾˣ丸һƷ佫ձȨԶ̫ƽҲŵԵġ
Щ˵İɣϷ˷Ȼ˵ûһǺöҪᣡ
･
Ժɹֻө档
ׯֳһĽ㣬첻ֵҹЩȥ˯ˡ
˵Ҳò²ʲôһϷ˲ֵҹ˯ˣһοˣְׯһۡ
ɢȥ
¶̫ƽٷ˳
ղϷ˵ԼֵĶԻĶС
ԶȻ⣬ιϷˣԭΪԶ̫ƽ׵¡
ֻʻֻ˸֮̽̽ʽˡ
ԶҪȢ
Ϊѿˡ
֮ǰͶڻǰ໥ָԷĲǣûôǰӡ
ſˡ
ͷɥ˳ȥϷ˲ûдӦʲô
ׯֽȥϷ˯¡
̫ƽȴ˯ţĴ䡣
ʱִһ̨
ʹãգ򲻿ɵ棡ȥû
αϷϷ˵Ͳſˡ˸ٳ
ﳯͷȥſڹȻûˡ
ҹˣϷ˵ôڿ죿֣Ϸ߶ȺһƤӵضǡ
̾˿˵ע㡣Сĸǽж
ʲôýˣ쿴ŷ񣬿žķ˵ţӵϡ
ʱ˻չЦ
Ĵˣ￴ŷǻӡ̲סҲЦˣЦūȥ
ʲôҿ¡ռӡ
˽
յͣ˿Уô벻Ȼ߽
һѱһرסĽţˡˣ
շӦæһ͵͵ѾʹɫǿЩȥϵණ
˵Ҳǡպ֣Ҳ£
վ˵Щܣϲҵһˣ
㡭ǻ˻̫Ӳأ㡣
ʲôն󾪣æū澡
ѹ˵ʵǣ죬˵˰컰
Ҹ磿һ
˵ˣռ޹ȥ̫Ӳˡ˵뵽ҪΪ̫ӵ̫ˮǴߣЦͶϲϡ
̫ƺϲѾɡﲻɵӡ̫üεڿ佱Ѿ黭ͨΪŮеĵ䷶ҪѾΪ
֮ǰҲʹʡʵȷи̫ӽ׵˼ôô죬ͲѾ޹ȥˡȴռ޸̫ӣ
Ҫ֪̫ͻݴȡ̫Ӳ檶Ŀܡ
ЦüĪ㻹⣿ĳ̫Ӳ̫ӵǻҾǹүˡǹĸûȥ𣿡
˵ҵǲͬ⣬ֻҸ仯̫죬Ҳ֪ʲô
Ц§ڻôʲô֮¸³̫Ӱͻᣬչȥһʶźˡ
˵Ϸ˲뿪ãȥˡ
취ظ˵
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һ£Ȼ԰ͷµ̫ƽǰ
һô
̫ƽ˰֣ʾٲ
˵һܣˡ
ǰ˵Ķ̫ƽ
ٴ󾪣ֻǶңʲôʸȥ£ȥϷˣ
̫ƽҡҡͷʾٱ𳳡
ԶպҪȢʾȻͰʾҪ̫Ӳ
ôѾأ
黭ͨѾأ
ôѾĻģ
̫һֱѾϲмӣѵῴϺѾԸȫ෴ģԵ黭գ
գһæ̫ƽд
˵һ¹⻹䡣
ûϴĻԶӦû㡭̫ƽߣѹ˵
˵ͷˡ
̫ƽһжźãŻص˯Ǽҵһ죬Ҫ㾫񣬶Ը˵Ľ


33 

ڵҹºڷߣ̴ʱʱײ
ɫԤʾŽҹضǸƽҹ
Ӻϡ
ӺֽǮ
λдֲӺϵʲôˣҲӺʲôˡ
Ǹǡ
ֻҪӺͻǸֽǮ
ǳԣ˭Ȱס
ɹͺͺġ
Сһ£Ų磬Ʈݵ˽ȥ
СӺվ
ŲӺ˵ԪȰҲҪ̫࣬ҪǰǣˣòԼҹ£ֻ￴
Сӿλϵ֣˵Ѿ뿪ܾˡӺȢӣ̫֮λͲôױߡ
Ƶ̫֮ӣиԭĶӷǳϲǣӺ޶ӡ
Ӻ̾˿˵׺ΪˮǲΣֻⱲҶ
Ϊǰ̫ӱӺһ̫ƽɡСʹһ㡣
ӺתޱߵҹɫСӵչīɫһСӵıɫ
ΪһҪ̫ƽҶ⣬ǣȴҲȽϿӺҹɫ˵ҹԶ˵ΪľǸһ룬Ѿ
㲢ȢѾС˵
ѵӭȢ̫ƽӺһ˵ˣǶǽ𣿡
Сҡҡͷ̫ƽлҪܼźܴһܡƾϷ˶̫ƽأӺȢ̫ƽ͵ڰܶ˹ˡ
Ӻɴ۾ܣ
СӵͷԶΪ̫ƽѾƻҪȥܼסʱ̫ƽ١Ӻʱȥܼף׵õϷ˵ġ
Ӻ˵Ҳá
СһЦ֮ǰܹͷųϢҵΪӺѾȵȫܾĲӺܼףˡұسɳС
¾ϣֻĲ
ҰĺܴղֱȨҪߡ
ȻѾ̫ˣӵˣûӵӺôࡣ
ˣʶʾûоܾҲûдӦ
뿴Ӻ᲻Ҳʾá
ϾӺǰ̫ӵͬĸܣ֧ǰ̫ӵˣڶת֧ӺӺС
ȴȫ̫ҡ
ʰ˻ϡ̫ҴڣһҲֲʡ
Ӻͷá
գϣ㻨ãԺá
褺̫ƽ
һֺͬ
īӿ˽Ų߹˵ˣԶӾȻýźһƸˡ
ǶûдӦأԶʲôףѳͣڶſðտڴҶԹ۷׷𣿡ٺ
ĺ˵ð졣ū澹ȥ߾ǡ
˵ĺɣ֪书书Ըһ˿ԣԸԶ͵˰ɡ
ĺɼˣܲܿŹﱻ۸ȴΪɣ
̫ƽ˻֣дǲҪˡ⡣ĺɣȥ½չ
ֵͷ飬ݰһԸⱻ˴ӡ
褺סˣ㣬ȥԶʲôòã
̫ƽ۰ص˵褺ıӣҡҡͷдġ
Ȼ˿ܡ
ӦѾȥ˰ɡ
ûãĺɹ㱨Զڶſġ裬ʶ˵үѾӦѹԶϷҹӴȥȴүסˡүӲǰԶݺȲ衣
̫ƽͷдƸںδ
ſڳڡĺ˵
ȥĸװصļóҪӺȸʹ졣ĸ˵ϸ˵պٽ֮͡Ҫü̳Զ顣̫ƽд
ĺȥˡ
ϼ˵˰̳ľ˵ȻԶˣҲó֮ЩƻԶȵȵ̸׵¡
ԶȾóʮ𣬻ûھѾ˱ǣ̵ס
ץ̳Ӿһţ
ӺүڴںȾƣֻ²Ҫһʱ̳ƾҪȿաĺɹ㱨
̫ƽͷд̳ƸԶĸȥӾơ
ĺֹȥˡ
˵ˣˣô죿ԺĳѾˡϷԺĵؽﵹ˺ܶ࣬ǣϷ˻Ӧ𣿡
ĺֹ㱨̫ƽ
ûоƣ̫ƽļƻͻ
ôأ


34 ʧ

벻Զľôãһ˺̳ˡ
̫ƽȥϷҪƣϷ˶޲ϰԶȥôصľƸԶأ
˵ˣζԸԶǣգ̫ƽɲϷ֪ݺա
һľƣԶ֡ƹǿϵġ
ǳУȻٹ˵ˣĸ߹ܼ˵һԳǹĹˡһĺþƣ
̫ƽӹһһʵᱡӨ͸ɫϵȡֻһ顰֡
̫ƽһЦԭСӹæˡ
ǣ˻֡ʾѾƶ͵ԺȥһдĸװѾ͵˵ĺþơ
ٹȥˡ
̫ƽúװŵûū澲ֹ褺Ҫ̫ƽϡ
֪Сں
ϾСϲ̫ܡ
ǹӺ֮ʵϣС书ǿݲ¹Ҳܶࡣ
ͱɱ֣ȻҲСӵ¡
˸ĪˣҲǲԸⱻй¶Լ
ܿ죬ϰ̫ƽķԸСľƶ˴ѾֵԶȡ
Ȼϲ֪ЩСġ
̫ƽʱˣ
ͷ侲ģûк̫ƣ󲿷ֵľƶԶˡ
̫ƽдףŮġһһôã븸׹һָһ
ڻ沢裬ѵиܰġںԵԶ˦ȻӦˣϾ͸̫ƽˡ
Ϊģ̫ƽ棬ٰԶͷϢ
Ȼˣ̫ƽԸ٣ǰԶͷϢٴȥһ----֡
ͰΡ
ΪԶ߽ͨųԻҩطõӣͷ̵ū澣Լڷ޳صﶼŪιȥˡ
Ϊ˷ֹͻ̫ƽĺڱؾõ·ϣ˴ʱҪãҽȲҪ룬ֱӰŪΡ
ҺʱҲҪá
ϵķñֻгһʮŻȥģƽʱɨõūҲһȥһΡ
Ϸ˳е̣ŷ˶ԷҲǺ⡣
ٵĴ£Զߵ˷ڵϣȥѵա
ԶˣֺôľƣϵǰŮ˭ֻС檣ȫһȣ·˹ȥ
ߣ̫ƽϷ˵Ժ￴ϷһڴˣæȥԶϳȥ
˭ֹ֪ȴ˵ˣϷˣڴﲢûпԶӵӰū˵Զȥ˷õķ򣡡
Ϸ˴󾪣֮ءԶһƺ֮ˣܹȥҰ
ϣԺȥãԶסȥ
ͬʱͰѸղŪεǼˣŵĺͷ̵ū澡»ѡ
õԻҩ뻽Ѽʱܶݡǲ֪ղԼιȥˣǶԼιȥûмġ
ǡ̫ƽİ£ϷԼʮū澶Զ----Զѹϣܻӭ϶һơ
˰ǾȻ£Ϸùû档
æԶ
Զ룬ţҪߣС˶֪Ҫģ˦ūǵ֣ѹסա
մϷ˹¼ˡ
ȻǵһΣǸղǺܵģΪ˿˭֪Ϸ˻Ȼ˽
ʱҲܹˣһ˹ȥ
Ϸ˵̳ĺŮҶûιȥأιȥ
ʱĳĶ½½ˡ
̫ƽҲˣվߡ
æס̫ƽ۾Ϸ˵ĸףùҵĶ뿪ɣǵ۾
Ϸ˵ͷǣ̫ƽͼҶˡ
ȻϷū澰ˮԶͷȥ
Զѹˡ
Լϣ˫ַյδʱԼʲôձãô
ƿԶԶһ⣬˵
ʲôңղ㲻Ǻܸ𣿻һ㣡һΪҵѾߣû뵽㣡Զһߵ٩һߴ·ձãôңǲǲĵһΣ


35 Ͼ·1

ռֱҪըˣ㣬㣬˵Щʲô⵱ȻҵĵһΣ
ЦȻԼǵһΣ
Ϸ˲Ѫ
˵еӵĶᵱڳԼѾ衣
ȻԿĶǶ
ԶóѵƤˡȻʲôûзԶ̸Ц
ѵŮˣǸԶ۸ģ
һ档ԶʵߺţǸ̫ƽ׵ģһ棬Զȴַ̫ƽĽգ
Ϸѹ»һȥԶĵʣһմ·
˵աǲ֪߳ܡŷ£
տ˵Ǳȵģ
죡ϺȵԶ˵ӿҪһ˵ѾѾˣ
ãͶϡҪʲô˵ԶмҪߣס
Ϸ˻ͷֱָԶֻҪԶٿһϷ˾ҪԶϼѪ
ӣҪ̫ˡϷ˵ö
ҲϷ˵̫ǿԶȻľͷһ
ʱ̫ƽһ˱ׯִ
󷿵Ĺˮֻ˵Ҷ˺Ůôһ£벻͸Ҵˡ
ܵˮһ˵Ƕϵǧһپ٣һʲôȻģرûۼ
ˮ˶˵㣬Ҳһ˵ʱˣܺõˣ
ˮڴеģͬΪʮꡣ
ȴ˦ˮ֡Ůƽã˵˵еˮһɣܱϷá
ˮ˭ͷ˵ˡ
߹̫ƽЦγôĿ˵ĸа취𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷٴ˵˼ˣǹǹֲϷ˶Ļ׳档ô֪
ޣһΪ̫ƽϵء⻰˵úܴôҶΪ̫ƽµıΪľݺա
̫ƽûᡣ
ɱմ̫ܶ࣬ƽµտܿ֡
նҪˡ绹Զ
˴˵ʹˡ
ûãʾʹԶˣƸ񶼴ȥˣ͹һԼֵƵĽ롣
ţʼҵļ͹ˣɼΪ˸ǸѾˡ
׸磬С۰ãҪҪҪ޸ֱݺԭ˵ʿɳ˲
û󽫾ôĵӣ
ȻüõҵŮҪ˵Ĺ檣ûǰͻ˺ӣ൱Ĳá
ǵʱԶû´󹦣ûбǸͲһεģüܽĲţѾǺ̧ˡ
ԣԶ۸ĿŮʳڶõ۰ҲԶ֪ôԸǸ
ںôģҪϷ˲֪
̫ƽǳһ衣
ȵһ룬Ϸ˾͹ˡ
λﶼַϷѾߵһ衣
Ϸ˿ˣ֮£¹ض棬˭˵ֻ֣ʲôûз
˶ͷǡ
̫ƽĲ˵ȥôܣ־Ҫȫǵ˶֪Ѿʧ̫ҲҪˣ
ֻаĸŮ̫ƽֳܷȥԸְĺʫ
ֻǡȻϷͷһ״ʩϿ˵ȷ˭Ҳ˵ȥ
ǻģҲ治š
̫ƽҪ£ƾԼеѶȵġ
˼䡣ȴĹˮȻ˵ôöãǾͿԳԵսϲˣ
Ϸ˵һۣպԶûʲô˭˵Ҫ޸Զˣɱɣ
һԵ˵ˮϷ˸ո˵˭ţΥ˼ҹ棬ϸƤ
ˮ˵ˡ
ֻգΪҶ˵ѩǱպϼɱģ
ȴҵϷˡ
ˣɢ˰ɡϷ̫Ѩ
Ȼ˵ĸ𣿷ÿŵģԶôõأ߹̫ƽ֣Ц˵ԶȥõǸū澣̫ƽѾߣٹĪ̫ƽԶӽõ𣿡


36 ޸˭

˵Ŀˢˢؿ̫ƽ
ϷҲһؿȥ
̫ƽһЦغȲ裬ƺ֪ҶڵĽͣУҪ˵ȰѲȡ
˵㣬㻹û˽಻ܺ˵˵̫ƽġ
˵˵˵ˣҲû˭ѵ̫ƽõѾ𣿡
˵Ҳ˵̫ƽԶȥѽԶһϹɳĴˡ˾ƣȥãһСѾͷס𣿡
˵˵е硣㻹ǲҪжϣ̫ƽ˵˵ɡ
̫ƽûпأϺܾһһģ˵úڹ̫ƽһ㡣
缱öҪˣͣؽӡ
¶ͣϷ˰ڰ֡˵ǶҪ˵ˣ̫ƽԼ˵ɡ
̫ƽѾȺˣдʵԶȥϢԶôȥ˷ãˡ
ٹϷˣӺ˾ƣ˵ڵǷȥɡūΪ˵ǾƻҲ⣬ӴͷϢȴӸƿôһƣū澶ͷСײӽǣιȥˣһӲŻйѾ߹ȥԶˡūһûϸӾͲˡūû취ֻȻˡ
Ϸ˵ô˵Ҳ֪Զôķã
ٵ˵ͷūūӦҲҪסԶġ
Ҳֲ㣬һѾͷסԶô׳˶ĴأٽΧ˵ͬʱҲ̫ƽΧ
Ϸ˵ͷѾ˵ǡ
¶˵ĸףҪ֪ԶôõģǼŵĲ֪𣿡
Ϸ˰ڰ֣ͷ˵㻹ϣԽԽԲԣǼطõӣʹˣǶûԶûеóѡ
Ϸ»СС»޵ġ
ǿطõļ֣ϷʹˡǸûԶôȥģҲûϷ˹ȥ֮մŰġ
ǹѯʣ͵ڰʾǣܴܴ
ҲϷ˵ŮٲϲϷҲԸĿѡοһپ٣һ顣
¶ʱôɢ˰ɣ̫ƽһ¡Ϸ˴˸Ƿк̫ƽ
˶ɢȥ̫ƽܵϷ˻дĸԲŮ£Ӹϳȥģ˭֪
㲻Ҫº޹ءϷ̾˿⵵£Ҳ֪סãֽǰסġԸȢչŵģǹҲֻ檡
ôȻǲӦġ̫ƽд
Լ檣ԸŮ·ҲǿġˣΪֲӦһ㶨յĻ£취ո߼޳ȥϷ˵ҪûŵȻߵġ
߼ޣ̫ƽдҵ˼ü޵ȥأ
Ϸѹ˵̫ӡ
Ȼ
̫ƽдôĸҲӦˣ
ϷҡҡͷһڿС
ĸΪλҪأ˿̫ӵ¾պĻϣռ޸̫Ϊ²ǲ½ֻ淣պܽΪĸŮѵ𣿡̫ƽд
Ϸ˵ˡ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
̫ƽװɵŮ޴Ĳ֪
պˣҶˮǴߡΨδػᡣϷĿһ˵ôˣüʲôƷһǿóġûǣһûžʹ˶ӵŮӣ֪ܡôҶӵҷأ
̫ƽɵضϷ˾һƷ󽫾ʵãϷ͵ڶһ
ôĺôϷҲֱΪȡΪѡϱؼƷ¡
ַȡǹϷˣ
ĸ˵öԣԣȻĸŵ£αҪأ̫ƽд
Ϸ˻Ȼʵô̫ƽҲòҪռ޸̫ӣ
̫ƽдֵʢ꣬ӻּ̫࣬ӣѱպ̫ӡ
Ϸ˴󾪣벻һŮ˵͸Զȷǣռ޸̫һУˣôҺ󲻳ɣ򶨹ضܵǣ˰ٺһ飬ôԥأӦϾܾ˲ǡ
̫ƽڰ֣дĸҪܾƾͼƾͿԡ
ƾͼƣ˵˵θƾͼƷأϷ˸̫ƽͷԽԽϲ


37 в

̫ƽҪд֣Ȼ⴫ֵϷ˷ԸûķԸ˭Խ롣
ȴƿش˽ҹѵ̫ƽТŮģҿĸҪĸң
Ϸüëոպֻˣ˵ͷ˭̫ƽТŮҿǸ˾ǸТӣ
һ񣬵ˣͷӸĸ밲
ҲҪ밲ҿɵҺһŮҪѵԽԽûаҷˣϷ˵
ĲãТ˳ǺТ˳ģæЦŽͣǰĸס˵Զȥõ̫ƽѾߣҹʡΪ̫ƽҪӺգôôݶģ
ƨϷһڲ˵ϣ˵ʲô㶼ţʹ̫ƽʱʵûУĸף䲻ôǵŮТ˳Ҳգ
æͷúڵףǣǣĸ˵ǡӦ̫ƽǣü˵ѾˣѾߴԶ˷á
Ϸһ˵ģϻϽһ㣬еĲ豭ҲץסĽž˳ȥ
æһ˹ȥ
飡ǰĽűˤƬ
ԭҵĺ꾫㴵ͷ磡һ˵ˣԼŮĻ㾹Ȼţֻ꾫䣬ҵТ˳ѽϷһԲͣ
̫ƽæȥϷ˴
˵үûū๵ġǣū֪Ϸңү˵ϼֿˣүǸϻ۵ģضףϷ˶ΪүáϹүү뵱ϹүϣˮƽģӲǱϷ˾Ȱãֻүһϱһְүɻǵã
һϯϷ˶ȭȭĸжᶼϷˣ估£Ҳɵύӡ
ĸףˡ
ĸչĸӣһ仰Զģ
̫ƽɵ͵ؿ֡
Ϸóһū澣˵塣˷θ
ֿ̫ƽͷ֮һЦ
񰲾ˣϷŽ͵ǸٵѾͷסԶԶһƣͷײӱ߽ǣһ㱣ԶԶˣ˭֪ѡȻȥ˷ãܹ̫ƽͷ𣿡
Цĸ˵öԣⶼԶĲǣҲ˲ãƫƫײôħ
¡ϷԹںˡ
һϷҲû˼ȥ̫ƽôƾͼˣ̫ƽҲȳȥˡ
ϷȴҲǳ̸ܾá
˴Сʱ̸һ̸ֱȢӡ
ĸ
һ˶طã
ʧ̫ƽİţֻǿû֤ݡͼ˭ֵ֪ͰϷȥ
ҹ̫ƽҲûš
СӾص°˾ƣ̫ƽСӳ֡
ȵҹСûг֡
󣬻ǻݰɡ˼õɫ̫ƽϡ
̫ƽȴϵİԲ¿
ԲȱеϦ
ҹСӡǹȥСͻЦţϷˡ
ѵǳˣ
Ȼ紵ҶӰ΢
һӰϷ¡

̫ƽ۾΢΢ֳʧ
˵һֱҾ͹ʡ
̫ƽдĺܺãллġ
ûùһֱȴȴ˲һҵף̫ƽ΢΢
˵ĶԡҪȵˣûг̫֡ƽдֻҶһ󡣡
˽첻ˡ¡̾˿
̫ƽһƺв֮ԤС
ĸоȷģ˽ˡԲǰ͵ȴûʲô顣
ˣв̫ƽд
ԡвܾˡ˵
αװ̫ˣҽԣȻ˿鲻в̫ƽüСӿͦΣֽýв֮ˣɫҲǺġ
ΪһԸκ֪в˵ˣת档
̫ƽҡҡͷдҪ˵ô˵ʶһôࡣ
˵ھȥˡ
ˡ
̫ƽ԰Ѳꡣ
ȰҪȣȶ˲裬˯ˣ
̫ƽ٣ʱ˯Ųø͸
ֻÿ˿ҹɫ˵˵Сӻ𣿡


38 ҹɫ̫

ҵȵߵƫǴҾˡ̫ƽдٵһ衣
ǶƮơ
ҹ紵̫ƽڣ̾һҪߣȻһذ״Ϸ˹ֱֱڴֵĴϡ
æܹȥذװ˳
ذһšȡ¡򿪶˶ȷֽûжŵݸ̫ƽ
̫ƽӹȻϤ֡
Сϲõ塣
ͷʱ԰źд
̫ƽŷŽȼջ١
˵ǲԼ棿
̫ƽͷ
ΪôأܾǺˡٱ߱˵
̫ƽߵñȽϿ죬ټ˵ˡ
ô˵˼ң̫ƽдٿɲϲ˵˻ġ
ˣΪ£Ƕõˣνʲôˣʲô¡
̫ƽ⣬Цдԭ˵СӣʵǼǹѽ
ɫˣūֻѹСġ
̫ƽųɫ˵٣Ҫסû˭˭ֻ档ûԶѣҲûԶĵˣֻ档
ʱպ˫˫¡
ô˵ݺҵ̫ƽðѷĹƷȫˤ˵ϣĸףһҪҳȥˣȻôڶ
Ŀ͸Ⱥɺ̫ƽһֻСꡣƻúܡ˴Ҳʧˡûи֮УҲˣֻ㵱̫³çҪСĽԼԸȰһ˵
ʧҪΰݶȻ̫ƽôƻֱһѵ˲͵
һѵΪһѵ̫ܿƽԶսս޲ʤԸ̫ƽԶҪôĵ˵ôôŮٲԸĥóһЩֻҲסˡ
ź˵Ҫôźãѵʲô¶ûз𣿡
㻹Ҫִˣ𻵵ֻˡװʲôûз˾ͻΪȷʲôûзοһҪԼĶأ˵ˣ˸ѾӦᰲ޽̫Ӻ󹬡ֻҪܹΪ̫淣ʱ뷭ҪԸ̫ƽ𣿡ɸֵ˵
һԼ޸̫ӣʱ͸ø
治յӣҸ㰡ɲҪٳʲô۶ӣʵʵشšϣ̫ӿϡ
ղ˵ߣһ̫أ
աͷʱ̫ƽ٣˺üʮ䣬ֹ˸٣߽԰
ϴһȻ԰ſڰء
԰ûˡ
̫ƽ΢΢ЩʧСӲһʧŵˡ
԰¹⣬ʲô˶ûС
ȻһǽںȻתѿһţ
̫ƽһ
Ѿˡ
ǽȺʱˡһ˵
̫ƽ̾˿벻ڶ԰ȻҲСµĻذ
ŵǰߡ
·ĵ¹ͣһ˫ԯ಼
ƿˡ¶СǴߵһ¡
ܹСЦк
¹ӰǶڳֻȥôԣȴ˸ɬ˵
̫ƽȹ߽
ӡ
̫ƽڵһյͷƣٻɫĵƹӯᡣ
СӺܽŵϵζ
СƬĩɢɷۣƮƮ¯֪ϲϣǲϲҿԻһ֡
ҶϲûϲͲϲ̫ƽ赭Щ֮
ٻƵĵƹɫͷϣʹƽһů⡣ͷӰڵƹ⽻Ȼֻĸо
ܹʵ֮ˣԽԽϲˡС񿴲ƵĿ
ģȴھͶУԴů
ưͣȴʲô˵ůġ
˵㲡ˡҽǶϣΪ̽һ̫̽ƽ΢΢һ˿Ц⡣
ңԭΪ˸ҿСһϲ
ϲúĪСѾòĸˣǣȻΪһŮ
Ŀ档
Ȼ͵һ̫ƽòˤ
һ˫ů֣Ѿס
ڹתһȦǵĻ


39 

æأ̫ƽƿСӣ·ϵѬ㻹Ʈı
СҲ£ȻֻǶݵɲǣȴͬһ㣬
˭Сƿӣͷʲô˶ûУһֻҹطɹ
ԭղžֻҹСײˡ
֪ԭ̫ƽٴǵͷĲϺÿͷ­ҹӰһֲʵĸо
ĳĬǻشˡ
á䣬¶һ󣬡ܹ
̫ƽָ
΢ָϰѹš
ĳ޿״Ķ͸ָﵽļ䡣΢΢һ
鸡ͬԾɼȶѾáȶѴİΣ̫ƽ󾪴ʹôĶ
СӵɫֲãҺͣһ㣬ιȥʱ޷ơ
ͦصġ
û˿𣿡̫ƽ
ҹ˵ҩΡСںЦʱ죬֮ǰûᡣ
ӶԼ徹ȻĮȻ̫ƽشȶǳΣҲҩҽ
ԸꡣСºһЦ
̫ƽ˵ʮҩݣ尾ɣƺͼ尾Ḷ́һ㣬ǳӣһʶܶ˵ûнҩʵеġΪ
֪õҲῴˡС˵ҵԺҪˡ
ӰҺܶ࣬ҼȻҩͻ˵㻰ӣҵĵ壬ҪԴҪЮӡ̫ƽ
С͸żᶨˣһͲᡣ
һ磿̫ƽһ΢ĪǹӺҵʶǹһͰźõģ
˵ǣô᲻СӵһЦ
з紵𱻴Ϩ˲١
С߹ȥ˼ġ
յҲ߲ȥ֮С
Ҳᡣ̫ƽһϣΪһ顣
˵˵СӰѼ¡ƹ
պԶ˵жඪûм֪ϣȫǵİն֪ԴΪ෹̸ʡ̫ƽشСӰؿ
ǲǾҷǳݶҾҪΪء̫ƽ󷽷ϵ
СӺȻЦ
Цʲô̫ƽ⡣
С΢Ц˵Ů޲žǵ£ܹͲ±˵ĺ
̫ƽ΢΢һдĳ綼õġ
СӺȻս̫ƽ˵ãҴӦˡ
Ҫֱˡ
СӶ̫ƽĵԸ̫ƽ¡
һǰһš
㲻ˡñ̫֡ƽ
ʲôأҲ¡Саȵ۾
̫ƽҡҡͷٲŬӼƳȥ
ղŴŵĺǽѾԶϡ
СתʯͷǺǽصĴžʹˡ
̫ƽ˽ȥͷСӻ˻֣ټ
סҵУܲܰƳҩܷȥСЦ
ġ̫ƽ꣬תߡ
ǽĴԶˡ
ԸСӣ̫ƽһ
ֻҩеѶȣܶҩĲоУϷ˰æͺҶˡ
ա
ϷˣˡׯһϺɫ̽˵
ȷһ԰ɣͷ۵ĽϷ˰˰֣ҲԸٶ˵
ΪͷϷԲûһθڡ
ׯֵͷ˵ĵŮ֪ϷͷҲصظϹʱӦò͵ˡ
䡣ūٵϷ˺ãˡ
ϵϷɫʱչ˿
Ϸ̫ƽءׯַϷ˼ʮꡣѾϷ˵Ŀڱˡ
̫ƽ߽ϷˣһѾסϷ˵֡
䲻Ŀ¶ᡣǹС
ī֪̫ƽҪϷΣҲǽֽϡ
ʱ𲡣ʹ״̫ƽֽϿд¡
ٱ㰴̫ƽдġһһ仺ʵ
Ϸʱ𲡣ͷʹ಻ѡׯϷ˻ش
̫ƽաǰ̧Ϸ˵ֿʼ
ϸָԾϷ˵󴦿ʼ
Ϸ˵妣һʪ֮
Ϸ˽տǷŴ֮ĳʳ̫ƽֽд
µòׯֵͷ˵еȷǳŴ׵֮Ϸ˾ͷˡ
Ŵ׵˭ģ̫ƽд


40 ͤ

ׯ˵Ŵ׵ǴӾǵسի͹ģϷҲ˺üˣÿضͬһ͹ʲô⡣
̫ƽдŴ׵ĲٳˡŴʪϷʪԶ˱Ȼ岻á
ׯ˵ϷŴס
ԷŴף󲿷þףӵţ飬ĸҲʹŴһɿڣӪ̫ƽдȿĸԡ
Ϸ˵ͷ벻̫ƽ㡣
̫ƽֲ鿴Ϸ˵̦ҲǿһƬʪ̦
̫ƽϷԣʼʩַ
̫ƽϷƽȣָϷ˵̫Ѩİ
̫ѨͷһҪѨλҲһҪѨ
̫ƽַܺãؽ档һ֮͸Ϸ˵
ֻһϷ΢صüͷչˡ
ĸƣ˯һ̫ƽһ߰࣬һ˵
ͷ˯һҲ޴ˡ
Ϸ˻ر۾ľͷ˲١
ֻ̫ƽ֪ϷͷǸܺʪϲ£ʵҲ
ⰴĦݳʹҪҪҩϸϸ
ʱ̫ƽҲѾūīȥҩˡ
Ϸ˵Ĳ֢̫ƽѡǼʤʪʤʪֹʹ
ڵȼҩʱ̫ƽ򾲾ĸϷ˰ĦĴ̫ѨӡѨ
ӡǰУθҲͷһҪѨ
ھģֻһԵ̴΢΢ð
ʱˣׯ̫ƽͷʾ⣬ȥˡ
ׯȥҩҩΪ֪ׯܲסҩζɬŵ˶Уׯֻһ÷ӹ
̫ƽ̫׾ƵθȻִƵξ
ָ˵߶İٻѨϡ
һߵ㰴һ̫࣬ƽİĦȥƺҪֻ̫֪̫ƽַһࡣ
ʱ⴫ŨŨҩζ
Ϸ˺󣬴Ϊϲ̫ƽЦȥֻ֪̫ƽԶҽ֪㻹Ǹҽ
̫ƽдΪ岻ãƽ﷭Ĵ඼Щҽѧ顣ǽ˲١
ͷ˶Σ˲̫ҽпˣȫãǱҵĵŮκˣίʵˡкҪĶֻ˵Ҹ򡣡Ϸ۰̫ƽķ衣
̫ƽдŮţ¿ҩǺ棬ѰһֻмҩĲѰѾһҩҲ򲻵ġ
Ϸ˵˵˵ļҩģȻѰҩ򲻵ѿܲܰ
̫ƽд˼ҩġصȥ
Ϸ˵дļҩУһҶһ֦ҩĵǸ֡Ϥ
ׯ˵ūЩӡ󣬳ԺϲҶһ֦
Ϸ˵ͷôһ˵ҲˡԺҶһ֦ǳµģȥŮֵġҺҶһ֦ȴԽԽá˭ԭ򡣾дͻҲʡ
̫ƽĿһͣǰȷڳԺ˲Ҷһ֦󣬾޻ŪҶһ֦ˣ滨ݲһ̵ܹ˵ģһֱΪͿϷ˵ѵûпԽԽˣ֡
ܿϷ˾ͶҶһ֦ûȤˣӦ̫ƽЩҩģ취ΪѰ
֮ЩҩϷһһΪ뱸ˣҲˡѾԶռӵĳš
̫ƽ֪Ϣᴫô죬벻СӵİæҪȻƾļū澵ļ죬ֻ»ûüѾϷ˸ˡ
Ϸ˷ǳ֡ȥ龿˭ڴЩҥԡ
̫ƽҲʼĵҽСӡ֢Ľҩ
Ѿ͵ĺҶ
տʵˣͼӽǰ
Ϸ˸ںͤ˵ġˮѣ͹ĥӲݣ˵ĸŮѾĻڹÿնֻʳͣһޣԷųˣҲ̸ۼ޵ͣǱڷãȥáܻᵢĻޡ
Ϸ˺һ÷Цһѵڻʲô𣿡
һ仰Ͱ
Ӻͤ߳һװŮһû뵽Ϸ˲һںͤ
Ҹһ£ֶŮСʱ㻹أɼǵãϷüЦ
һʱŮʮ˱䣬ϲˣԭһΪ˪ء
һ⻰Ϸ˶ʱͺɫŭ


41 ô

ԭϷ˵꾭̣÷ˮϷ˼޵֮󣬹ٳϵĲٿ֧¼ҳ˲١
ֻǹ̵λ;Ϊ˲Ⱦ˵Զ¼ңֻҪõӵʱ򡣲뵽¼ҡ
ЩϷ˵ĵܵܵĶӵŮʮһˣ˾Ȼϲ
Ϸ˶ԼεġôޣһֵǮģֻΪ˶ϷףҲֻܺͳ¼롣
˭ֶ֪ҲϷΨһֶȥ꾹Ȼһغˣһò绨ӺͯŮ
ò绨֣ͽ˪
ҲǸղнг
ϷȻֻһֶȴֶŮг¼Ů׸ģӲ١
¼æúܣȻ˲ȫԹĸŮ
ǣϷϹү֮󣬾Ͱǽӵһס
常һ˫Թ۾
Ц㵹Ǻĸ׳һģӿ̳һĸûкһ𣿡
ĸ˪ʱòǳģֻǺղңûɷаĽ֮飬ϧǱֵܵޣ֡
Ϸ˿ӵ˼˵˪էϲȥˣûʲô£Ҳ߰ɣ̫ƽҪˡ
񲻸ˣΪʲô̫ƽҾҪߣѵ׵ĻҪŮ𣿡
˭˵̫ƽˣֻһҩġ̫ƽҽĵͶԱΣߡߺˣһ˻֬ʲôϷ˲ͷˡ
ֻˡ
ԭһ˪Ľ
û߼ӭ̫ƽˣ̫ƽʱôưŮ˦˦ˡ
үôˣö˶˵ٲƽ˵ֻҪȥϷˡϷһүģ
̫ƽڰ֣ʾٱ˵˵ߵϷǰ
Ϸ˽˳
̫ƽȥ˳֣һ£дҩҽֳò١
Ϸǰ¼磬ȥϣ˪һš
̫ƽ˵Ϸ˻д˸ôÿãϻ˵Ҫĸĸԡղײգھȥĸ
ģôأֻҪ㲻ûĥ־ͺá˫ֽ۵ģҲǲġϷ˵
̫ƽд㲻ΪĸΪãҶȥ
̫ƽ֪Ϸ˿ֶΨһѪ̫ƽԳãǶϷ˺ãϷҲϲ̫ƽԾжԳǳ硣
Ϸ˹ȻܸˣĪ̫ƽǸý㡣ܽǢ
ͷ
̫ƽ˵ĳʱѾ˪ˡ
˪ȷʵĴˣѹɷ̴档
ѹϷ˵ֶ˰Ϊ檲շںȻжã¼Ҳֻܾ֮Ů׸ԵĸŮ޿ˡ
һϷ˳̫ƽ⣬޲ڡ
˳̫ͳ̶̫嶼ã̫ƽﲢûзΣţ飬Դζһζ
ǵϷáˮģҧͻˡ
Ϸ˷ǳϲԺ˵̫ƽҽ׿ԽҲǲⶼȥˡǾȻûмǡǶԵ㣬Ůģ
ղź̫ƽѾʶˣʱҲûôɵСĽԸǵȴҶһ飬Լһá
Ϸ˳Եøˡ˪ͷ˵ˮ٣һζ
˪˵ѵϷ˽¡˪þȻһֺ٣βǶ
˪ȥ⣬ѧһֺͷ١
ʢȴ˪ͬˣѽѽ
ͷ˰Թˣͺ˪һ̫ƽĪ˪һ򵥡
ڱͷƲס˹㵽濴˪ͣ
ϷͿˣ˪ͣˣָɣ˵˪ֶϱŮȻŮ⸮˭ǸҴ⣬һĹ
񲻸ΥϷˣæ͵͵뿪
ϷǼ˪١
ҲǵĴԽԽѹ֣˪ϻᣬϷֹֻ
˪ͷ¡
ûãбȻһ˵ĸ׺ƫģȻ˸ãôܲǼĸ׾ֻôɩ


42 

˵⻰ˣôɤŵģȻǶ¶ˡ
ֻ¶һȹһ߹
ĸʮ꣬Ϳĸһˡ
װɱ¶Ҫˣһۺȹͷɢ͵ķ裬ɰഺ
Ϸ¶飡ҼʱǼˣǽղҲڲô˵ĳʳֻܰڸСӡǶˣԭǴմǸģ㵹ϢͨԼˡ
¶˵ɲǣȻҶˣĸôҲùҪȻҲĸ׶ģ
òŲôСأʲôУҲʡˣϷ˵ȥЩĹ
˵ǰĸ˵öԣĸףǾǹıͱõġƼһ˶Ҳˡ
¶߰Ŀɨ˪Цž;úÿĸôÿһ˶˵ĺ˪ĸŮǹһ㡣
Ϸ˲ˣ¶һƲ¼ңó¼ˣϷ翴ˣ
Ҷӻ¶Ȥϻ˻˵˵̫ƽ³Ϸ⣬Ѿͷ̰ԣӲ˵ҪһǾˡ
Ϸ˵Ŀɲˣһպó̫꣡ƽ̫óԣҶȿֺųԣﻹķݣ
˵ô̫ƽٸһɡ
˵棬Ҫ̫ƽʳǺɨ̫ƽӵġװһ޹¶ӣΪֻǵԣ˲ˡ
̫ƽӦˣᱻ˵ý㡣
̫ƽһЦдýԣôøģýòóԵĻǾͰװ˷һѪˡ
Цú𡣡̫ƽøζô᲻óԡ
¶˵㲻óԣҲȫģ̫ƽͷĵȥɡ
ĸŮǹ̫ƽӵģ̫ƽȻ֪ҹ¶Ȼ͵͵ؼ棬ӵù̫ƽ۾
¶𿴲ܶˣɶǳءչϵ߽Щ¶صҵȨ
¶ھϣҹȥҲ壬⼸ûˣ¶Ůܱŵԡ
¶ֲʶһ߻ҲãӶúܣֺܱöø֮쵱ģҲ⼸Ȱ˵£ԸŸĺЩ
ϷʱҲѧ书Ըкˬĳɷ֣Щ껹ͦϲ˵ֵ¶ġ
ϷȻ֪¶𲢲ĵ춹ģǵ쵶ġ
£ύ¶Ϊʱһѣպܵõҵ֧֣˼ˣʹӦ϶Ը̫ƽ
عˡ
̫ƽſ¶ء
¶ͷԼ򵥣ȲŮ˼
ȻҪչһ̫ƽһš
˳̫ƽ͡
˶˳ڵġ
Ϊ˸ϣԶģܶ˶ŵζ
˵̫ƽĶûôأ̫ƽ硣
Ϸ˶˪˵̫ƽüˡһ˵ǸýԵģ˸Ĺ򡣡
̫ƽõô˵ĳޣʱĳԲˣǳҲû취
ɡϷ˿緢㶡ߴٵ̫ƽΪģýôҲҪȥ˵Լˡ
ųһڣᶼˡ
ôˣ̫ƽԸġ㻹óԣϷɫ
û취ЦĸΪ̫óµĸжᡣ
ӲͷƤȥ
¶Ϊĺܺóԣ㣬óҲҪô찡
֪Կ㡣ζͻﶺãɤӶˡ
ĸףһˮ˵úѬǵģæ¶Ҫˮ
ȵˮ绹ǲúܣ¶ЩԾĸŮ͸ǻȥˡ
ߵʱͷݺݵ̫ƽһۡ
̫ƽһЦдĸòϲء
ϷҲ쵽ˣ˵˵̫ˣҪˣ˾ߣҲû˵һлл
˵һˣ˵ʲôллأԺ̫ƽͺˡ
˪ͳˣϷһ˿̱ӡ
ϷԽԽϲˡ
ҪɢȥϷһȻ̫ƽģ
һǳģһݣȻӺģ


43 ˭˭

Ϸ˿̫ƽ΢΢һ̫ƽʲôʱӺҲ˽飿
̫ƽһЦдޡ
ˣӺȻ㣿ϷüëõӺǶûнġһӾҲӣһδĹҡҪȫԼڳѽһµġ
̫ƽддһģҲпӺдţΪ˱ӣԳһΣдıʼҲͬһˡ
Ϸ˿˿˵̫ƽǹ۲ϸ£Ȼˡ
˵̫ƽȥͲȥأ
룬ȥ޲ס̫ƽдȴǹųӦʵģǰĸҵ߷ˣ
ţأְķ򸾻˺ͬϷ˵ְԭĺӣҪѧ
ӣ
̫ƽȻ𣬺ĳεۣվȡȥ
̫ƽϷһ
̫ƽؿڣʹʱȻ޷д֡
Ϸ˰̫ƽȥϢϼǰͻϸڡ
̫ƽصԼԺѾƽ
Ͼܼǰһˡϲ
ǰԼΪǣϧʸ
ѪȾ˺档
֮գĸ֮գ
ٶ˺ϷóģȺ˰ɡ
̫ƽͷ
һֻ꣬þָȻŵϤҩ㣬ϲ
Щӣ̫ƽΪСĽҩڰƣԶҽѾ޿ţ˭֪ջҩͰƺˡ
ˣޡǸʹ̫͡ƽдݹȥһɰЩ͵
ū澷֮£ū澲ҽܡ˵
̫ƽǾȴʱļױ
ȥõҩ˿ãݵ̫ƽϡ
ôһźɫĴҩ裬̫ƽ÷ǳÿϸһ
ϣ̫ƽҩƿװҩ԰ҩƿӷڴ¡
Ĵˣ뿪
ãҹˣСӴǽⷭǸҩƿӣ΢΢һЦ
Цݱ¹䡣
ߵô죬ͲܵңСû̫ƽٻеʧġƿӣˡ
ӺӺͰں̵
СӴϷϵЮżɨ̡Ӻȴֻ΢΢գһ۾ͳ𣬡ӣѾںˡ
СЦӺ棬ץסҩƿӲſֻѾˡ
ŶСѾͷҩˣӺЦŰѺƸСӣʲôͳʲô
ǵȻֱеġСӿһۡôִڣ
ӺһŰӣһֱҺڣ𣿽վͻһ
Сһ֣ĺ·˳ȷλá
Ӻƣղ书ԽԽˡ
һӺѾӦЩˣСñʥÿζСӮӺҲĿӮ˼
з紵С˸ֵԺ󣬡˵Ӻ̫ƽݽ
ӺͷҲ⡣˵ҿԸ̫ƽȥҵö
С˵ǳģǼ档
ӺЦ˲ģô㲻ˣ
ô᲻ãŮҼöˣϡ档Сӿķǣǽȥ壬ȴе
ӺһöӣҪˡ
СЦЦ˵ˣ塣һӣɢǵӣлصС
Ӻ˱Ц⺢ӡ̫ˣ壬ˣˡһӡ
վֶ֮£֦֮䡣
Сȡߡ
¹ڶ˵üĿ䣬Ƶ㡣
һأһˡҪ׵˼ҲӦɳΪ֤Ӻ˵
СӾţԡ¹ޱȣʵϸû˰̡
ǱߣѾĴҪƸŮΪޡҲƸҲ׿ڳϡΪϴΣҰԶ̫ǰ飬Ҽ˶ΪƫǡĻȢǵŮӺ˵
С˵ôֻ»ἱˣΪӺҪҽסֻ󲻻ʲô
Ӻ˵ȻԹۣѾýȥףȴҸ档þò𸴣һ÷ɡ
ҲܾҲӦֻӺߵıʾΪ˿ɽˡռȨȴ֪СЦһӣ˵ȴ֪ǰǵӣԼǵ塣
ȻбǴһӣϣ
˭Ӻһ


44 ı·

ҵѡСЦ
Ȼһ紵
һ£䣬͸ɱ
Ӻ˵ͷһǸɱ֡
Ǹɱ֡С˵
񣬡ֻ֪һֻҳڿүɱ֡
ܸˣȻǿѣҲҵѣ£ҵһյջ衣²̣˱ǣԳһ
˵лү
£ϸƷջ衣
ϴ󽫾ҪسˡӺ̸֮˵ǵϴ󽫾ŮСʱǸ浽ġ
СϵЦݺȻסˣӺҲСʱ顣
ЩģֻѪȣûá
ÿҪܸεѵʹ
ã̸Ͳ̸ӺһࡣЦϴ󽫾ǳΨһܹⶨ󽫾ʵˡǷֱϱȨһҪ£ϴ󽫾Ѿãϧϴ󽫾˿ɫ
СһѲ꣬Ʒˣϴ󽫾ǸӡҴҸףллġ
շɹֻҹ³Ҫˡ
ϣú磬Ѿʼɻˣߴū
̫ƽڴϷ˸˹
һҹμӡ
ſֱۣӵǲôǰܣôǡ
ӣ׶Բǣ׻סǡ̫ƽ
Ȼѹˡ
ڴϣ»糿ķشɨӣ䡣
һģ϶ᡣ
ӡ̫ƽ૵ԡɻ໤ǡ
߽Ѵӹ
СѾˮ̫ƽϴ
ϷѾ˰ںϷ̨ҪȥһϷ𣿡ٷ̫ƽױ̨һ֧һӲ̫ƽŨܵڷС
̫ƽҡҡͷд˭ȥ
˵ֻСϷӣĶʮϷӲԸ˵ҪﱸͻᣬˡϷءϷֻ˳ٷ˺ͳ¼ҵһ𣬲ûԵȥ
ʮǾϷӡԸҲƽҪҪȥֳϷҪϣҪһǰԤԼˡ
ȻһǰԤԼˣҲһԼõ
̫ƽдȻǰˣҾͲȥˡҪȥһˣûкʵĵضΡ
ʵĵضΣ
һȴʡ
̫ƽȥ밲˵ǳſʱ˵ϣкõȥμӳͻźÿ
Ѿ̫ƽŮˣȻͬˣѵһˣҵȥɣԾ·αȽϤ
ȴ̫ƽƴˣдͷĸˣ࣬ĸ׵ﻹǸĸߣЭĸ״±ȽϺá
˵ȻˣҪЩͬͻڶ࣬ȷҪƯƯģҲǴǶ档
̫ƽͷ
ٺĺͬ
ǵĴڶࡣ
̫ƽһ̱ͣ¡ϸ˼ۣдﲻԱмҵ⣬ȥӡ
һͷԣ
̫ƽд֪ƽʹҶˣȥպÿ棬ЩԼţ͵ġ
˵ǹö˶˵أҪ𣿡
̫ƽͷպ󸴳̫Ҫӵĵط̫ƽĸ׵޻һֱϷУֻҪȵϷ˳޲Ż
Ȳˡ
ĸ޵Щӣıб´㶼Ҫӡܸɵš
˵ˣֹǰĳûǰҲûоȹ
̫ƽ˵ԭҲʣҲӣϵ˷ˣõ˺Լ
Ϊ˲˷̫֡ƽĸ׵ȥġٵĸҲסھǣסķӱȽСٻ磬£̫ƽٵļ˹װޡ⡣
ˣպҲͿԲôˣѷӻɴģҲȡϱ̫ƽٻ˸
˵õõǵĵطֻ˵ǣﻹǳʲôءȥȥˡ
ĺ˵ѵóһˣҪȥ鱦ӹ䣿ŮǣһرϲǶߵġ
̫ƽǺϲ鱦ӡҲϻظȥֻӿ
ĺ˵ƷζǶأǱкüֻأʲôһЩԼģһ㶼ϡ棬ȻżҲῴźõġͱߣղڴ˼ԼԺˡ
̫ƽдȥҲãǵʱ򡣡
ǣյȻǰһסȥ·


45 ʧ

ǰߺˣһ꣬˴Լһʵ
̫ƽɴϣ΢΢ӿһۣͷӡ
⣬ĺѾ棬Ǻˣѵ֪ŵŮΪһʿŮ𣿡
ѱڼϡб۾˵ӵȷ֪ôñˣΪǱñӵģ
˿Դ֮ͽĺƿԡ
̫ƽ֣ĺæȥ
һǿ̫ƽ°ͣѩıõգգ۾Цˡ
̫ƽĺɵд·˷ʱ䣬һȹɡ
ĺɽǡ³Ըá
æȥǰȻҲ˵Ů죬ǸղˣһǹȥȰɡ
̬ȺȻôı仯ίʵ̫ƽֲ
̫ƽҲ˷ʱ䣬ҪóȥȻһ
磡Ǹкӱ갫һͷͬ£绨ü˺ܶࡣ
̫ƽкӶϵ룡
ֻŮΪ˱ֶŻڶϲģ
ԭŮװŮӣ
ǸΪЩȻŮ飬ĮԶԣ˵ôܳˣֻ֪ģ
Ųء磬ֲҵֻ㲻ңŮ˵ֱӣһ˫ˮĴ۾磬ͶĿ⣬ֻԵ˶ġ
̫ƽĿ⣬̾һ
ʱҲĿ⿴ְĵģǻġȴǳĴзˡ
ŮӣҲôĿ磬ǣ翴Ŀ⣬ȴǺ¶ȵġ
̫ƽȻһֱƽĳ嶯
ǲȥˡ̫ƽд
ĺɵǣת
Ϊ·խҪתһƬĳ
ʱ·ϣ˲ٻҳ
̫ƽĿġ
ô˳ģôҵ·Ⱦôࣿ껹û˵Ůʧŭȡ
̫ƽûǣѾ÷Ҫ뿪ŮȥҪͷ֪ǹģҵǸԸãѵҪ۸𣿡
λôôأ·խǻôأĺί˵
֮ҪҵǸȻҵĵŮȻϵһλεĴֵͻ˼£
ĺæ
ۿһսҪʼУ񣡡ӺȻһߺȣ
˿ȥһڸӵ߹
ոССŮյʣܹߵ˵ʲôʱģ
εεģֻ
̫ƽ͸һȥѾ³۸ҵ磡
ǸʱѾȥˣ˸˵ϴ󽫾ˡ
ʲôϴ󽫾ôǸŮŮ
̫ƽɵϸ˿ϴ󽫾
ݵǴĳĳʤǰ̫ӹϵֵͬܡ
ǣǰ̫ϴ󽫾һֱȨᣬҲ˵ߣȥϷһȥꡣ
λؾ֪Ϊʲô
ˣ๫ӽɺãϴ󽫾Ҳ
һֱܺáһЦ֮ÿԴó᲻أ
ϴ󽫾ͷѾͷˡ๫Ӳͺá
⡣࿴˿̫ƽѾͷƺλ
ϴ󽫾̫ƽһݡȮŮ޷λ֡
ãо͡
̫ƽû˵ĺ˵λˣҼҹﲻ˵Ҳˣͱȱ
ϴ󽫾Զõ
̫ƽǻͨ
ûжԶȻ󺰣ʹ﷼ϣŰݷá
̫ƽûлش
ǰ
꿴ԽԽСЦˡ
վŵпЦˣֱš
һ·ϣ̫ƽ˼ڤ룬벻˭
һװ󣬾Բһ˼ҳ˭أ
ǶҲյĴ˼ҡ
գա
̫ƽȻ𣬺Įشиء
˶ġ
̫ģֻǰ˵Ҫֱϼѡ
ܼǰȸͺˡ
ϧϧ
ȸԶڱ߹ط̡
ѵ᣿


46 Ҫ

˼УȻǸٴҵŹ㣬ҿɲŹ㣬ܣ
̫ƽӿȥֻǰѴ󵶣롱ܹ
Ȼһ˹ȥ
ĺ˵áԻҩǣ
ɣҶеԻҩӾͻʹȥйЦ
ɶ񣡡ĺɳȥҪо˭֪û߽Ѿ˹ȥһͷԵڵء
ҵҵȥȲȥˣ˭ܹ㣡о󵶾߹
̫ƽȻţһʱҲû뵽֮ơ
ǰѴ󵶣Ҫˡ
۵Ȼһ˷̫ƽֻһϮǰһ
еĴ󵶵ڵأ̫ƽȻǸ˱ûӦʱ˫һգȻգ
һɵŵϮôϤ
̫ƽ΢΢̧ͷͰĿԡ
ȻСӣ
лң̫ƽ
Сϵ΢΢аһЦҲȹҵҵľˣȻԹۡ
ţ˵ᣬһɴ磬ϡ
̫ƽˡ
ҪȥڿУˤˡ
ֻץ·
ɣӹǺܡ
Ҳ֪˶ãʱһֹͣһҲ֪˶ԶֻҪĻﶼһů
һ紵ĺڷ˳ıǼ⴦ô㣬ӣֱʶأ˱
æƿ
ҲŮӡ̫ƽþȫƿ
ΪƵ̫һˤȥ
СģСæһס̫ƽ
ڿд˸תء
Ҳɵƿңˤȥˤ𣿡СЦ
̫ƽȻһվȵӣСӼˣôˣȥ
˭֪̫ƽװġ
СӲע⣬̫ƽȻһ֣ժСӵߡ
žߵ˵ϡ
СӾǰ
һüһ˫ббƬ绨ţ£á
ֵǣϸû˰̣
̫ƽ
СȻһϾ׷ʲô
ǳǳһЦϻ¶ѵȻôϲҵĿ˵ǣα뷽跨ȡҵأ
̫ƽͷˣҲϲĿֻǾãʶһܵĿʾˡ벻㲢û˰̡
Сӣ˵˵˰𣿱ûСƭǵġǣҲƭ㣬ҽƭˣҶƭ㡣
̫ƽȥ⻰ʲô˼Ϊʲôƭ
СӴսЦΪܹҵľѽ
㲻Ҫ̫ƽ˼Իҡ
СЦżߣ´˻ȥ
Ҵߺÿ𣿻ǲϺÿأ
̫ƽȴûлشĻǴóǿ塣ϻ;ƹҷǳл廹ûлء
屾͸ܹġСЦһֱĿĿⲻƿ
ôصĶҲҪ̫ƽ˵
ùأҲһң͹ƽˣСЦ
̫ƽСһۣŮбתҪ뿪
˭֪ʱ
̫ƽһһһϲæȥϷߵֽӹ
ʱɲɣҲ׷˹
һУСӶһЦ
һʱ
ֹˣûп̫ƽ
ȴһ
ƿһ羹Ȼһһ
ּˣæ˰˻ȥһĴû˿
Զȥˡ
̽Դ
СӺ̫ƽ
ԭСӴк磬Ƿŵһ𣬴̫ƽܣȺϷ
ΪŮװģΪһ
ְÿˡͳеĸԣһѶַȥҲҵģ˭ءСЦ
̫ƽûЦҲûСӰæץסǽڻȥˤӵʱСӱס
̫ƽƿ˵Ůܲף빫Ժܸұֵ롣
ãһǵúֻܹסСį
̫ƽû˵ʲôתߡ
СӶĨıӰ˵лܹ͵һһֱߵġ
̫ƽ֣ûʲôѽٸȥûлͷ
Сһ֧Ц뿪
ͣԭλãѾˣҵֳѾͬ￴ꡣ
̫ƽͷҪϳȻһӵǰߣһ𣺡ղŹߵ̫֪ķأ


47 ϲ

̫ƽ̧ȥ˵˾࣡
಻Ǹϴ󽫾
ԣ̫ƽܸȤ˻
⹫Ӻô˴𣿡ٺǳ
һԲΪҹʵڳ̫һѡðǰʡ
ѣʲôѣִڨŮӵķʽ̫ʱ˰ɣǲŲʲôءشǰӣٲҾͺˣѵ۸ǹﲻ˵𣿡
Բ𣬿˵ʵλǲܣһϿҵ̫ƽ
¾Ҳˡ
̫ƽûдšܼҡ˭֪ʲôʲôֻһ֪ۡܵģѵ˵̫ƽһ
̫ƽдôǸѽʲô֣
࿴̫ƽд֣֪Ǹưͣﲻɵһۣò˵ʶǸѽ̫ƽǡֻСʱѾûмüˣҲ֪ʲôӡ
ԭˡ
̫ƽһۡ˵ôλʲôѵ㲻֪ס𣿡
̾˿˵ҵȷ֪סֻ֪֣һŲ֪
ô֪˵Ǽ٣һ֣Ҫǹҿ㻹߰ɣǹҲҪȥˣͲҪˡ˵ţͷػ˻֡
༱ˣҾ䶼ʵĸʶģСʱһ㿴ӻءͳһ˺÷ϵȷ˶֣̫ƽ
̫ƽǳϿҵģ֪û˵ѣҲ֪ԼԭСʱôʶģûʱ̽дôҸ㣬סڶҪȥɡʲô˵Ҳüټ
̫ƽȹӾ
ˣ໹վԭؾþ
ٴЦǸӣȻֻĵطĶӣľͷˣ
̫ƽһٵԴдɲܿƫӵĵϸɲˣ㿴ʵ˭֪ʲôأ˵ˣҪҪȻԺԿˣҿɾȲ㡣
֪ˣū֪پС͡
˶̫ƽ˵Ϸ˿ɷˣ̯鷳ˡ
̫ƽҲȥʣֻԼϴ֣ȥ˹һ춹ȥôһء
ī֪һŮװŮӣµ˵ǶݺһҪϷǸϷ˲֪ôġȻǸˣСѾͷƬҲӣǹˣϷ˻˰ͻȥԺȻϷ˾Ͱһͷ˵˶أ¿ɺˣ˶ˣÿ˵һ䣬ĭӶҪ˸ء
Ц벻ǳһȻô£ҾⶼҪֶҪȻôܰʯͷԼĽأϷ˿ǣԺʲô·
̫ƽҡҡͷ£ǲۣҲҪ֡ҶˣЪŰɡ
ǻ䣬־͹ˣϷ롣
ЦﻹЪЪһǾûϢˣҾ˵ˣô硣ǾеϢˣ
ī˵ƶˣϽ̹ȥϷҪ¡
̫ƽǰٹױһ¡
ΪͷϵӲˣ̫ƽдǳ档
Ҳֵͷ˵ף֡ʱͷһӵģôͲأ
̫ƽžеķ٣Ȼ뵽Сߵʱ˵л̫ƽ͸ʱ˹
ԭСӳע⣬͵͵ӣ
ߣ˵лʲôʱˣԼ͵ĺòãȻŭƾʲô͵ĶϲҪ
ֺȻһϲƺĳ䣬ϣС͵ӵġ
뷨һƮʱͶԼݺݵԼԼ˵̫ƽ㲻ô룬㲻ٶκһкøУѵǰԼô𣿡
ο˻һ̫ࡣ
ôˣһһЦġ˵ţһӵӹ￴ϲһ
̫ƽһ֧Σٽӹ̫ƽķϡ
Ȼ̫ƽȥϷ
ԶԶأϷ˷ﴫ˵ĸ׺ƫģ̫ƽĻ£ĸôأ


48 

˵⻰ȻǶ¶ˡ
̫ƽһЦ˽
ĸ䶼˴ƣѷյ硣
Ϸ˸߸λϸŷ飬üë塣
ǹڵϣۡ
¶˫ֲ˵ֻǳţȻͱ˴ˣʱͷ֡ȻǸŮװĹһĸײ˶Ǽˣǡڱϣ˿̫ƽ̫ƽలµĻˡɼ̫ƽйء
£˭ıңҺǸŮװġҪȻҵɾͻپˡǸҲ˵ǹ̫ƽģҲȻ֪ôȻ͸һˡ
Ϸüͷ۾ѵ̫ƽ˵ǸݺãЫѵһͿˣ
Ƕ˵ϷȻǲŵģǸŮװϴ󽫾ŮҲ˵Ϸĵƽʼбˡ
̫ƽ龰Ȼ򶨵ȥϷ˺¶
ɡϷ˶̫ƽ˺ܶࡣ
̫ƽ
ԭͲָϷܶøĺáҪȻҲԼóư֮ŵõϷ˵ˡ
Ϸ˺εȾ֮ˣֻܶõ˺á
ȥ̫ƽԸųֲϷӣˣͻϷҲûжܡ
н죬̫ƽһһӡŬġ
ΣСӰŪһֻ֮֮ˡ
̫ƽϸйأ˭û֤ݿ԰ͷϡ
ǣû֤ݲϷ˻ɡ
Ϸǻ˼Ī⣬Ҫ֤ݡ
ˣ̫ƽд˵ˣǳѹǲ֪ˣΪҪֹԸظأ
˵ֹֻ࿴һӣҿһӣ֪ĸãǾ岻
̫ƽЦд֪λãû鱦ӡ
ѾˣȻҪ鱦ӱϡ
Ȼˣβûظֲأ̫ƽдֽг⿴һѾӣöһ𣿡
ҡǰԲ©ٳ
벻̫ƽֻȼ仰©ٳˣ¶ˣݺҼ磬㻹˵
Ϸ˵ˣ
ŵ¶𲻸˵ˡ
ϷҲѾˣҪݺ̫ƽ˭֪ȴ̫ƽȥ
ͬ˵Ҫúһġƫ磬̫ʧˡϷ˵¶ҪúýŮҪȻǲϰ߸һסǶȥסҲԡ
ϷҪ϶ˣ¶æ¿Ҳãûн̺ҵŮĸϢŭ
ɢ˰ɡϷ̫Ѩƣ˵̫ƽҲȥɡ
һ񣬶˳ȥ
¶ȥҪ̫ƽ⣬Ѿͷ۸ҵŮ
̫ƽһˡ
ĺ˵ôδʧ׵Ϸ˿𣿡
Ҳס¶˵ˣĸס
Ҿ㣬ĸΪʲôôѽҪݺҵŮ¶
̫ƽдʲô£˭ݺ˭Ƚɡ
˵꣬תͷҲصˡ
㡭¶˵
ʱӺϣƳϡ
СӺ䡣һһף衣
Ӻ˹Ƕ˾ˣ
˷׷ͣ˽񣬡Ӻ
ӺЦҾ֪δ˵ġ
СЦӺαǫ飬Ҳȫϰ
Ƕ֮꣬ȡֻţˡӺСӵļ˵γϯֻ֮Ҫ빬ˡ̫ף׼ˣ
СĿһԶ˵ڿ빬󡣡
Ӻ˵ͷȻһ֧ӣʰ˵˭ӣ
СӺȻˡæ˹һѵġ
ز˲ĻҳղʱСĵġ
óеλذӺЦ
Ƴһ˵ףҿôô찡
СæӷŻʲô죿ҵûмġ
Ҳֻһ˵ôʲôӺ˵벻СҲẦѽ
Դ˵ɺˣˣܹͷϺҲôһ֧ӡ
˵̫ƽӣӺһС⡣


49 

Сûлش
СӸı仰˵ˣڵ˳ҹʱˡߣȥҹʲôڼɣҲ̫ˣϲ
Сô˵ӺҲʶȤزˡ
ҹ˾
СѾҹڴǰ
ͥԺѾлͽյɡ
Сȡ֧ӡϸÿһƬ궼ʾ
̫ƽõȻǰ
СҸһЦ̫ƽȷǺܺÿ
ûãСӾüյ̾˿
ϣǱ˳ӡСӰӷŽ˳Ŀ¶˾ģҲٴˡκ˶ҷġ
з紵СӶͷ鷢ס۾
ٽϵͻԼڣҶ׼
Ҳ⡣
ϷξѸϼҶȥƣǳϵᣬҲ˵˶ЩŮЩϷܴλᡣ
֮ǰΪպԶ£˺ܶ࣬˵׵ĶȹȥһȣϷ˺ɼҪȥĹһﱸձݣʱͷһɨĻ
Ҳڳ֮С
ԶϢȥѾͻϳһձݡ뵽ǵļƣǹȥ̫ƽģ˭֪ȴաõòϣǵĲձô˳
Ѿ˵ð죬˵ձݣҲݡ취ǣһĲձݲˣ
Զ˵ͷȻ˴˵ʫ
롣Ѿ˵磬ʫˣǳҽϣѧһǰ㡣
Զ˵Ҫѧʲô黭ǶޱõġҪ顣Ѿ׼ʦҪԳôʫ˶Ҫʼˡ
ѾЦ˸磬ɽɽˣҵ黭ǲˣǸʫıǼֱС׼ף
ֻôãԶ󾪣Ǵһ
ѾڻӴʫ
ʫɴ趼ȣֱ˵⣺Ҽҷǰȥ˱ְʱһˣҾˣ
Ѿѹѹ۽˵Ǻøжֻһ˵˾Ȼͼͷˣ
ʫסѾЦҼҷȽϼԺðˣϴδµ˵֮Ҿȥҷ˵˭֪ҶˡǵãͷʹôˡҪˣȻžͻõ
ѾͷȻ˵Ǿ͵Ϊ˷ֵһЩԵˡ
ʫЦŵͷȻǱѩ
ǣūȥѲȥϴɾˣð׵װװ
ʫüͷ˵ϧʱ˵ϲ˵Ļһˣȴȥˡ
˭Ѿ˵
ʫ̾˿˵Ƕ簡˵ҲǵģҺͶ죬ǲ˼ȥҪ͵˸ɣһԼȳ׷ҶȻϾôʳˡ
Ѿ˵Ȼˣ˾Ͱ˶ɣ͵
Ȼʫ⿪ɴȲ衣
Ѿ͵͵ʫǾѹְֵ꣬ĻΪʫλ޶Ҫˡ
Ѿʫ̴뷨Ȼ߳һū澡϶˸̣һˮˮˮǹ̵ġ
ѾūԶйģ
ū澰Ѳ豭ʱȻһۿŲ豭һбǹ̵ˮҪʫϣۿʫĽϻᱻһƬˡѾֵشסԼĴ۾
ǣʫһܿذѽһ̧رܿˣǱ赹˵ϣˣ̵ˮ졣
Զˣֱޣ
ղԶū澹ȥ̽ʫģ˵ʫùɫ㣬黭ͨһԣȻ棬ʫȻ书
ôģ˼˾Ҫƴǻŵô˫磬ȻԳ٣˵ز
ѾҲǸʰ·硣
̫ˣΪѣΪͽܰɡѾ˳¹
ʫһЦѾûʲôѵģҿԽ㣬ҿɲʲôͽܣҾèĹΪͽˣ
Ѿʵ֪ұ۸ģѾ޼ƿʩˣ˲ӦΪͽܣǣҾͲ


50 

ʫæ˵˵ҺͶ֮£ҲжšӺǰ𣿡
Ѿҡҡͷ̾һӺ岻Ҳû׼
ʫ˵Ȼг⣬Ȼ㡣ΪͽܾͲҵˣɡҳ㼸̸꣬硣ˣΣ
Ѿϲзһ㣬ҵĸ
Ȼ䲻һͺȵǺ֣ȻҪһá֪ܲһܵܣ
Զ
Ѿ˵ˣĳġ
ʫЦĲ书̲ʲôԸ⣬ҿԽǴ塣
ٴα˽̫ǫˡ
ʫæͷ벻󽫾Ҳˡ
סԶѾ
˵ҵӣǵĸȥ磬ƽҲûһŮԹǣڼˣͻʦ֡
ʫЦ󽫾ˣʵҺ̸Ͱǵɵܵˡ
ȻѾˣͲؾˡһҪ׸ˡʿʫĿ飬ܹΪѵؽܡ
˵һ̴ľӣʫһ澹һ
ʫһۣʱˡ
ԭʫδ˵ʱʾѾһˡ
ʱʵĽᷢ黭֪ͨʫ;ΪˣȢû뵽ܿʫְĵŮˡ
һŭ֮ȥ˱߹أԡѪսǣÿÿս֮ʣȻĨٻӰ
ʱʫҲ³ʵ˼ʫ鶨ְģۣ
ǣʫˣֻǱȴ䵭˵󽫾Ҳܽܡ
ȴ˵ȻѾˣΪѵؽܰɡ
ѾҲˡʱ׵⣬Ц˾ͽ˰ɣֻҸ׵һ⡣ҪȻֻҸ׻ܵġѵԸ⿴Ҹ𣿡
ʫˡ
ظְȴһҲȥ
ʫЦҴһ·Ͽ㰮ԵŴ׸⣬˳һУҪ𣿡
ְ̾˿üͷ˵ҲԣԼ԰ɡߵԺ轣ȥˣʫ
ʫýȹӣԴϴγٰĴµְ֮ľħƵģ겻ᣬʫ
˯ʱ򣬻֡
Ѿȥѽְ꣬Ķʫ罺ᣬɪ
Ϊϴμ̫ƽһΣͱúİһ
£ְĳһɨԺĺ컨׷£ְĵڵأսеѵĻ𣿡
ԭգ̫ƽһһһЦһ򭡣һģһ
ְǸС÷һ𳤴ģô᲻Ϥأ
̫ƽԹ޵ԣͺĹԹ޵ؿһ
ְˣˡ
꣬Ĳƽ
ġҲ֪ˣӺ׵ġ
Ϊûеõʫܾʫá
ˡʫԣ߶ˣĦҲˡ
ĺáǿʫ˳ˡ

Ϸ˷
µ˿ˣýϷ˿Ϸ˲ͷػ˻˵ÿˣɡ
ȥ˲ˮǰ˵Ϸˣ
Ϸ̾˿ӹȴûкȣĿ⿴ǰǳʲô㡣ǣҺʧԸе˶ʧ
ϷԭԳɴΪʧأֺʵ
֪ģǶչҪɳһµģҵˡǸϾȻûһλԵΡԭ̫ƽϻۣ˭֪̫ƽҲݺϣδ̫СЩϷҡҡͷ
Ϸ˲˲˵ҪݺʵķϷ˲ãԳĴϻҪȻ󣬸ӲϷҪҵˡ
ŶϷһô˵Ҳе
οϴ󽫾ŮҲǣ˽ֻ²һƽֵ㵽Ϊֹ
Ϸ˺˿ڲ裬˵˼ǣ̫ƽıи
ֵ˵ͷ
Ϸ˵ĿԭΪƵŮǴϻ˵㣬벻ϻ۳ɾˡ
ƣ̫ƽȥĸס
ֺȻĿӲ˵ϷˣɻǵԼ𣿡


51 ϳȥ

Ϸ˿һҵ԰ܡ
⣬һصͩҶ
̫ƽһӣںԺĶʯ·ϡ
ȻһϤӰһͩ档
̫ƽװûȴд˼ֽߵūĺɡ
ĺɻ⣬ߵͩǰ棬Ҫ߹ȥʱ򡣺Ȼͩ󣬰Ǹץ˳
̫ƽһˡ
ڶںʲôΪʲôҼǹĺʵ
ûûСżˡ
㻳ʲôĺһѳ軳еĺӣ̫ƽ
ҪԵ÷ǳš
̫ƽش򿪺ӣﾹȻŴӡ
Ŵ涼سիӡ
̫ƽȻ֮ǰϷ˷ͷ˵ԵľسիŴӡ
˵ÿιŴӵ˶ǹ̶ˡ
Ȼǹ̶ˣô
̫ƽˣԭĹڿū澣
ŴӺϷ˰ҲȷΪ޵˾ϷˣϷ˲˼ޣﶼûпܳΪ޵ġ
ֻҪϷˣٸ񴵵߷磬֤ܿܳΪҷˡ
ץϽϷˡ̫ƽд

ǣǱŤ͵Ϸǰȥˡ
Ϸ벻سիﾹȻҲˡ
سիĶϷ˰Եġ
ǣ֤ݾǰ
֪Ӳæ˵ˣָʹģʱҪȥڨسիĹ£ʳʲôҩҲǲ֪ġ
Ϸɫˣ˵Ϸˣү֪ȽϺá
Ϸ˵ͷǸ꾫ʱҪһ¡ֻϾҵĵŮҲƾ޾ݾ͸Ǹϳǻ
̫ƽдĩ¼ãǵȵ˵ûеͬ͸ֻ»ѵңЧʵ䷴
Ϸ˿̫ƽִЦΪҽһ⡣Ǵϻۡ
̫ƽǫһЦ
ûãˡ
ϷԼ˵
Ļŭȥˡ
˵¾үû˵䣬ͱԻ۾
߻װҲͷһˣÿ޼ͻ
Ϸ̾˿˵Ӳɽ̰
̫ƽȴĽ
ʲôҲûСҲɵӣԺȻ֮ǰǰΡ
ϷߣҪˡ
뿪ֻʱˣҪ̫ƽġ
ȻϷձݵ£̫ƽðǴﺦѩ£ȻԶչҵ£֪ΪҲ˳ȥһӵǣԸǽˡ֮ǰҸˮ󵽵һףҼҪʼˣԷȴʱˡˡεĲձҪɹˣһɨĻ
̫ƽͷдĸ˵ǣĸҲһֱʦǣҲѧú档
Ϸ˵Ҫúѧϲľˡ
̫ƽдĸģһϾͻѵġ
Ȼ̫ƽˡ
βձݣǴ͵Ĵ衣
ֳһ˿񣬼ߣ˿񣬱ߴ塣
赸ʱһ񳯷ͼҪ깤
һ񳯷ͼͺˣټϣҪһɸѶȶ赸һߴ塣
˳Ȼܵõһ䡰ŮӶôСĳޡʧˣҲЦ󷽣Ц
ǣϷҪһģֻɹʧܣ
ҹԼյظλĽϰۣ赸æת
ҲȽϰúڷܣû죬ĶѵҪ춼ˡ
μӵд󷿵̫ƽˮ磬ЦЦܣг¼ҵĳ
һλ
Ϊܴѣԡͷġ
Ϊ糤ߣλãβá
˶վм䡣
ˡͷʢһϰˮȽп಻
̫ƽ£ū澵ݹȥһ
̫ܰƽ¡
ǣ̫ƽԼûȣȸܺȣһūȥһ
ˣ͵ɡ˵ҶȥϢɡ
棬̫ƽŲ붯Ӳ˵̫ƽ˵񳯷Ҫ밡ܹҪǧ룬˾Ҫ롣һһҲеģĸô᲻̫ˣ
̫ƽЦдĸĵ
ε̯̯֣¿ȥȻ˵ףôԺķˣ


52 м

̫ƽȥȻһū澣첽Ժķȥ
ո˶ɢˣֻ̫ƽܡ
̫ƽдҪȥ
ҲȤôҲȥ
̫ƽЩģЦʲô̫ƽᱣҵġ
ܾԼ̫ƽ֣ܵ˵ͷѸٵظ˹ȥ
粻þ˴
ԭѾˣһӵˡѾҲ˱Σû˵ˡ
æ߹ȥ˵öʵˣִԲóԡҳһ𣿡
ܺȻ˳ǾȻң
ֲһ˵ģߵ·ҲߣΪ˵ڸأ˵ˣˡαڵأѵǲǷЩ𣿡˵ţһˣġʵ̫ˮˣĸһҲϲԵġ
̫ƽ翴ܵĿԽԽ׺ˣ˹
翴̫ƽԭܵĻ˻ȥЦҲ֪Ϊֻ͸һˣǾø˵ͦεİɣȻ͹ˣ̣Ҷзݡ
ԼˣҲȥõ㣬̫ƽҲ˵ġ
̫ƽһЦٵͷ
һʱͺ˵ãֲ˼ֹ
ԼѾ飬̫ƽǵ˸ˡ
ʱׯֺȻˣ˵ˣϷҲ볢
Ҫ벻ϷҲ֪ˡ
ʣµ˶Ϸˡ
ֻ¶˵ˣǳЩʲô˰ȫҪ˹ȥǵһҲûʣ£볢˵ζ
æοĸ˵ЩĸԡȥЩҲʲô˵¡
¶˵ѽ̫˵
Ȼȥ˷üǡ
ˣֻʣˡֻǣûӹ̫ƽĿ⡣
̫ƽĺдװһ£ɸ̴ˣ̴ȥ˳ʲôϾҪȥμˡȴûյķݣǶĸŮͰ಻סӴˡ
ĺæȥˡ
ϴд磬Ц顣ÿϲ
պüЦ˵һЩˡ㵹ãȫ˱ˣҲͼ
ί˵ɱʲôˣȻѾңԼûԵһȫ̫ƽˡ
˵㵹˵ң˭ҵĶҺòһ˦ȥ
Цšžϲܵˡ˵Ǹ˺ܶҪȥμӳϵᣬ취Ҳȥɣòã
һɱңϷ˾£ҿġ
ﻹ֪ѩ취֪̫ǱߣǶĵġЦģ⣬ƽʱˣҲֻ֪ܰա
˸ˮ
ռˣø첲ȥ㵹ǿ˵ѽ
˵Һú룬ôǡ
˵˵ǵĲձҪ̨׵ģԲԣ
ͷ֪ıһҪ࣬˼ƻ˵һ
еһλˣȥˡǼղͿԹȥվ˳ܹϯˡ
ʱЦ۱ѩĸ׾ԱȲ㡣
Цĸĸ׵ĺôҶԼˣ̫ƽҲŽһġ
ͷվ˵ˣҲ˾ñ˿ˡˡ
˵Ұ£ˣߺá
ˣĺҲæˡ
ߵ̫￴ˣæʣղǸ˭
ū澻ش𣺡ǹ̴ġ
˵Ų˵ˣ͹̴㣬ôֻͣò̫ƽ˰ɣ
ȻǰӻֹսǴ̫ƽżūЦ˹
ͷںɣǰһЦ˵ǹˣ֪ﰮˣһأǸġ
̫ƽݳдѵֻӭ㣬ӭ𣿡
ָ̫ƽʧɫ㣬㣬ô֪ϲˣѵղš㶼ˣ


53 м

̫ƽҡҡͷȻͷĿӣЦЦдѵղ˵ʲôĻˣ
˵˵һ򶨵Ҳ̫ƽĿаû̫ƽ㾿ɣҸ㣬Ҳʲô֮˺ҼգҾŹ㣡
̫ƽָָԼĺдòˣô˵İɣ˭ݺ˭أ
Ҳ㡭
ôҲ֪ˣҹѵʱ򡣿μЩɱˣǻأ»ǲ£̫ƽд
߿ػ˻֡ڸ߹һ˺üҲҪˣ˭֪ûͿ˶
̫ƽ˻˻֣ϣղ̧˵ְ˸̧˻ȥ
ȻﲻҪҵĺ⣬ôҲǿˡ̫ƽд꣬תˡ
ػȥˡ
̫ƽصԼĺɹˣĲãΪ߳ȥ֮Ҫ
̫ƽдߵ̫죬ģʱ֣Żһ£ֻΪΪһỳˣѾûˡ
ĺεū澲ãС¶첻á
̫ƽҡҡͷдǵĶԻѾúܲˡϣӺλԻյĳء
սȭͷ˵ǾԲǵļƵóѡ
̫ƽЦҡҡͷǶҪԤдҪأȥˡҪǲϡǶҷԸ
ū澶Χ£
񲻶֪ղ̫ƽ֮ĶԻûС
뵽̫ƽˣӦȥϷ˶ǹҫ
϶̫ƽû̫ܶ࣬ƽֻǹ˵£ŻסﲻҶ֡
֮ͷĵذԭƻˡ
ԽԽȡ̫ƽ̫ˣһͰı̫ƽ
̫ƽ֣ܵдãˡ¡ڳ÷أҲ
ūҲʢһ롣
˵ôȣ÷ӱһóԵġ
ī˵ǹ庮̫ܳĶ
̫ƽдãĶȥʱһʱˬڣȴá
ܵͷҲˡ
̫ƽЦˣĺá
ʱ̫ƽдáŵʱҪĽ°̨׵ʱ򡣡
һѹ˵ѵҪڲŵʱֽţ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
ܼˣ˭ȥĸȥ
̫ƽ̾˿дĸ֪ˣƾ޾ݵأ˼ҲҲûáֻҪСĵˡ
ܵͷģ֪ˡ
ˡ
˵ܹΪ˳ϿңĻֻ¾ôѣǻסԼ
̫ƽͷдʱҪѧᱣԼˡҶˣǻסԼպӳԿɳĴۡ
ãϷӣùǶš
̫ƽһ˶ˡ
ҪѶȵĶҪ̨״塣ϻشҶһˣǽΡ
̫ƽϸ˿Ǹ߸ߵ̨ס룬羿һأ
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Ϊڶһ̫ƽΪһѺ
֮ǰ̫ƽѡܲȵúСģûʲô£ȥˡ˸ȥҲûʲô¡
̫ƽɵÿһۣѵƻ
ղŲ裬ȥÿ˴һ롣ú󣬾ͷ׷ߡ
̫ƽ˲ÿ̨ףû⡣ͷ羹Ȼһء
˵ߣӦǰ档
̫ƽȻ쵽Σգߣߵܵߡ
ʱѾ˾衣
Ȼѽһߵȥ
ܱһƣһŲ̨׵Ŀ϶̨׺ȻɢһۿžҪ¡¡ȥˡ
̫ƽ׹Ƿƻˣ
רһƻ
ڵһߵʱ򣬸ʲô¶ᷢĴȡľģȻ󣬷Ųһ𣬹װһ¡
̨״и϶СȻܵĽŵ״һģһ
ܵĽһȥǶ˿϶棬˭ȥţɢ̨ܵ׾ͻȻ
Գûȥ̫ƽҲԣǣѾǶ϶ܿûа취̨׵ģֻظ̨һȥ̨ûѹˣ
ô죿


54 

̫ˣ
ڣ̫ƽһ׼
Ѹٵأ̫ƽܵĽţ̫ƽ£ܽ⴩˱ȽϴЬӣ̫ƽһܽϵЬӾͺͽѾˡ
ЬǶǸ϶ǽѾɹ˿϶

书ĺɷ˹ץס֣ܵ
ȥ̫ƽȻ˹ס粻
ˡ˶Ҫѹ棿
̫ƽЦûз֡
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̫ƽΪץڵ˻ѵġ
æȥ̧ľͷ
һֱڿޣҪŰᶯľͷסСûӲҪæﵹæġվſͺãİɣ̫ƽӦûʲô¡˵׼ˡ
ʵôһҪȾ̫ƽΪˣһһӵġ
ϵ˵ͷ
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̫ƽĽŤˣȴֽŶˣѪ
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ѾȥͨϷˡ
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ϷˣѾˣеҩ󣬿Ѿûˡ
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˵ǰ˵ʱΪ˾ܹűľͷѹסġ
ǴҶˣ籾ǿܵģ̫ƽסһľͷѹסҼˣ̫ƽȴûһʣ̫ƽΪʲôҪס磬أ¶޿䡣
Ȼˣ̫ƽʰɡʵϷѾ֪ôˣϣ̫ƽԼ⡣
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翴̫ƽ˫ֶһҺҺ
磬Ҫ£ϷһΪģ¶סʵ
ĸŮϷݵ˱棬̫ƽһЦ
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ϧƫƫҪȻͼֽ̨ݺһϲܡ̫ƽˡ
ôľͷѹȻȥ˳ˣǰʯͷԼĽţ
ȥᣬô߼ޣǰ;᧿Σ
¶ȻǺôˡ
Ϸ˺˿ڲ裬Ҳ֪ʲô˵̫ƽһ¡ΪҪ磬룿


55 

ϷҲǱҪӣ̫ƽġ
̫ƽĵϷģĵȴϷ˵ѾģһƤȻΪϷŮ̫ƽˡ
ֻǣ˵磬Ϸǲ̫ƽ˻˵Ϸ˴ƫ̻ġ
˵ˣĸŮһƣϷ˲ݣϹүҪˣҲȻΪ
ʱϹүϷ˿²̨ס
£̫ƽᵽϷ˵˼ЦдҿõĽǶǸ϶ֻȾܣתۿʱͷҲҪˤȥˣ磬ΪĽҲȻǶȥˣ͹ȥ˭֪ľͷݵ̫죬˾ͶˤȥұǺ⡣ˡ
ô˵ͨģϾʱΣ˿̫ƽס磬˵̫ƽ粻롣̫ƽҲ˵̫ƽܡ
˭û֤֤ԷǴġ
Ц̫ƽҲǾУöˡڶûд󰭣пҩ簴ʱԾˡ
¶Цûд󰭣ҼֽŶˣ˵һڲ´Ͳܹμӳˣûд𣿡
̾˿߹ȥҵķ裬˵ǿĺӣǣμͲμӰɣҲʲô˵أ˵𣬶ãһˣͷôµģͷôңҲû˴𣿡
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Ϸ˵ҲҪ̫Լˣչɹˣɣ⸮ϵĹͲҪˡ粻Ƶ񣬰չ磬ٺòˡ
¶󾪣벻ϷͰ¶𸱹ܼҵݸˣ
ϹүǰӦ¶ܼң԰ССĽ칤̣èɶˣҲ̰˴ʵ
Ϸһֻ۱һֻۣͿˬ¶ĹܼȨְϹүӣټóȻȡ±˵Ϸ˿ӣԣҲֻ̲
ؾȻ¶ôϷ˿˳ضȡ¶ĸܼ֮λˡ
¶ʾϷǳȥͿԲ̨Ϊʲôп϶ΪʲôȻʱ¶ֽšǶľ涪øˡ
Ȼ¶ΪϢˣû飬һܸлϷ˲ܼˡ
ǺϢϷ˾ˣϺ̫ƽҲ뿪
յԼſڣ˵ĸףɣҪչ̫ƽ㣬һֱȫΪֹ
˵ܣ̫ƽã֪ǣС㣬̫ƽū澻չģõȥū˵ˣ㱿ֱŵģʲô¶ãԼչ˲Լأﻹȥչ˱ˣ
˵֮Ҳܣ̫ƽΪ˵ġûȫǹһصģҾҪסһÿιιҩ̹
ôôأȻˣҲ޿κΡ
̫ƽ˺ܸжڼУȷܵĹϵã̫ƽûдøغãξܣܾʹ̫ƽøˡ
ȿȡ̫ƽʱ˼
Ϻܶعͷ
̫ƽ
̫ƽáҸ˵ˣҪסʲôҲʲôһֱչ㡣ֱĲȫˣ˸߲ҵܹ̫ƽ˵
˵̫ƽɱ⣬ȻġʵǴûз̹ˣҿҡȰȰ
̫ƽ˵ͷҪ˵ʲôܼ˳ȥ
ܣȥϴ


56 ٰ

ûãܻˣȴĸף˵ʲôᣬ㿴ġ
ɵۣæȥ鿴ָܵۼˡôˣĴִֻ࣬СģȺ˸ˡôҪԼأ
ĸףҿɲҲΪ֤ǿԷ˵𣿡У̾˿ðɣȻˡչ̫ƽɣ
лĸףܸ˼ˣ̫ƽЦ̫ˡ̫ƽҿ쿴ˡ
̫ƽЦЦ˰֡
ΣʯͷԼĽţȥμӳᣬɼ¶
¶˳еУϣκĽţǣȫ޲ߡ
̫ƽƾͼơ
ҹϡ
̫ƽ԰ǿôڡ
ź£¹з̫ƽǰվң
̫ƽͷһУдˡ
˽Ҫߣ˵һӰȥ٣ûжĻľͷˣ
ؿһۣ˵Ҳϲ˵ĻбҪ˵꣬ڿһɣʧˡ
֡Цһٿʧķ
̫ƽЦЦд٣òȤɣ
ôأūôһľͷ˸ȤأٺȻǼϵģѾ˵һС
̫ƽд٣ѾʮˣǿĳкӣҲǲġǸɱ֡ûи飬ʹġ
ٵͷ֪ˣ
ӺϣСӽӹĽУһأҪƿ
һһ嶾ݡһ麯
ѩСּ㣬ˡ
СЦЦܹҪ嶾ȥӺ磬˫Ųмء
ɫ˵ôǰǲأ
СЦҵİ֣˳μӳᣬƵңܹﲻ˵ҲμᡣοΣҪȡ
ͷôҪô
СĿһ棺װ磬
ֻݺɽ˶еû
̫ƽϣɹ̫öɵñ۾Զĸ
ٿ첽߽УǸ￴ġ˵ҽ߳ĺܡ
ī˵Ƕġ϶ҩʱ·Ͽٽβһ˷ȼֻһҩ˽ϡ˾ܹˣ˿漣Ͱؽ˸￴ūҲʱпġ
̫ƽͷ˼
˵Īȥ
̫ƽд׼һЩģȥɡ
ǡ
ûã̫ƽ˶Ĵ
¶𿴵ˡ˵ʲô
̫ƽһۣ˵ضˣǹЩġġ
¶˵ģ绹ҳĵأѾˣ±ˡ
ί˵˵ǹҲǺ⡣
˵䣬˽
̫ƽΪδŮӡȽݱһܡ
ȥˣȻװˡ̫ƽһ۾ϳǾСӺ
ҲϳЦȤ˺룬û
̫ƽָ촽ϣʾٲҪ˵
ֻСԭ׵ѾͿ˹ͭɫüһ߱ſʵΪ룬˲١
̫ƽ룬ʮ󣬹СӾģɡ
λҽҼҹе𣿡¶ǳŵʵ
СظЦȻֻҪһҩݷĽϣͿ·ˡ
ݹȥһҩݡ
¶ϲؽӹ̫ˣֻҪĽſԾָϲμᣬҪʲôԡ
СӺȻˡ
̫ƽ߳ȥŵҩݵζ֪Сӵ嶾ݡ
ǹȰˣҩҲ֪ʲôҪҪȸϷһ
¶ԭǴϷˣϷ˰æҸҽĿҩʲôϾҪҩ¶ҲϾá
̫ƽ¶ԥҽ飬ð˺룬ˣһ¶ͷԿˣҩǲǰ
Ǻã


57 

Ǳ̫ƽôһȰ¶ѾˣΪʲôҪϷˣǸǴĲҼ˵ɣǹҲҪҩݣɼҩһġҿۿκ˼˵Ľˡ
̫ƽдȻˣǲˡ
̫ƽߵʱ򣬹ѻһӣװû˳ȥ
¶һæʲô
һҽ顣
¶뵽̫ƽҽտѲɣΪⱾҽԭ
ѾǴϲæҽüҳڽҩ˵ĽһȬ
ҩ״ζ͸ղиҩһģһ
¶Ц̫ƽѾ֪ҩҼĽˣȰҲҪãǰĺİưߣƫҪҩҼҩ˳μӳᣬ㻹ʲô˵ģ
ǣ¶ҲȥϷˣҲȥҩϽ˷Ľϡ
˵ĸףҩԺȥܲȷŰɣȺˣٷҵҽš
¶˵ֻһ󣬲Ǻõø𣿡
ǣôܵӣ¶ֻȡһƬҩݣֻϡ
Ժٻţ쵽ˡ
̫ƽżȥϷȡ飬Լ¿顣
ٸҡ˵˵˻Ǹҩ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷдѾͺãıˣ졣
̾˿˵ϷǱϢˣΪϲ˲šϷΪ˴Ѿչˡ
̫ƽЦЦճͳɣ̫ӵŮ
̫ƽͳȫɣ
ˡϵū߽
̫ƽ˵ͷ̧ͷžԼоʲô
ˣ֧ӡ
Ȼͷϲһ֦һӣǻʱ뵽֧Сߵӡ
뵽֧ӡͻСӡ
ҡҡͷԼˣ˳ȥ
ЦЦѾˣ̫ƽߵؽһ䣺̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵ͷЦЦͱСΪŮԭǱ۸ԸϷǳӡ̫ƽͬЦЦġ
ЦЦ̫ƽ̫ƽѺõضЦЦЦ
ˮˣһ˵ЦЦؿҪЦˣҵսᣬؾֵԳͷˡҵᣬĵսȥˡ
ЦЦһͿˣˮúα˵ôأҼʱ˼ˣˣܶأʱֻˣ
ˮЦҪǱ˲зϣʣһֽŽȫĻƻŮԺﻹȥ㲻ˡ˭أߣα
ЦЦ޵øˣˮúˣ˵ˣ㼸ʱǲзˣֻֽˣж˵һڱغáˮ㿴ҲҲͰˣοŰҲˣ
һһģϹˣǾͶ˵ˡ
˵ǶǽãϷ˵ˣҪŽһĲǣʲôأ
˵ҵġˮЦЦͬʱָ˶Է
̫ƽ˵ָƿЦд˶ȼԼɡÿ˶˵һ䣬ͳˡõģǱ˴˳ȥǿôأ
˵̫ƽ˵Ҿǰ˵ǣҲӦ̫ƽѧһѧ
£Ȼ˶ɶִˡ
Ҳˣһµķۺɫõ޿㣬ɰ
ǳźɫȹഺ
һ
ˮ˵粻ܳˣ˵ȱһôأ
˭˵һˣˡ𣿡˻ûǰʢ˵ȴ˹
˿ȥ
ֻմһۺɫкĽ߰ȹͷϵķһ֧ӡ
װǷʽȻװòࡣ
ֻϴ˽ߵɫ΢΢ͷ˹
ÿնϲһϲóٵʾĵλȻһŮˣĵλ
ʲô㾹ȻҲˣϷͬ𣿡ˮԾý
ɱѩˮտΪ˵ģ
˵죬ʲôʸͬ˵㲻һѾߵŮȻǶүĵãǶŮȫһģ
ˮԸҲǲģôһ³ɺ޾ϮվȭͷңãҽΪҽ㱨ѩޣ


58 ¹

ˮôһЦ߸ӵڴϱռơ
ۿˮҪ˸գ̫ƽ˲ע⣬һ߽űߵСʯͷ
СʯͷɵյĽϣճʹ䲻ѽһ̧ˮѾˣˮֱֱײֵϣ
žվȻˤ˸࣡
Ǽÿ·ȫŪˣ
㡭Сӣҡҵ·ŪˣҸƴˣյĻһʱͰｻġҪ侲Ϸ˾ͻˡ仰׵˾ȥˣȥҪˮһ
ϺæǣĲž͵˽ɣ´Լʱ䡣ǽһϷ˵ģҵἴ٣ǲ˼ȡȴΪʵǹܲˡ
һղŵľٶ̫嶯ˡ
ʵڿССϡԸʾǾܵϷ˷ǰ̨Ϲȥˡ
̫ƽҡӣ߽ȥϷ˰Ħ
ſڹŵһֱڿ޽УĸҴˣҾӦýú»Ҳˡ
Ϸ˸Ѿ˵ʲô£ǷԸȥ˵ֹܼڣ˵ĻڸģԽĽ㡣
ϷҲƣˣϽ̫£̫ƽдѧһװĦָƣ˵õϢŮĸһԡ
Ϸ˵ͷ۾ֻ԰ɣļŵùġ
̫ƽǾ֣ٶһɹɵĻ̫ƽѻϷ˵̫Ѩϣš
Ϸ˵Ǻ˯ˡ
̫ƽָ죬ϸָذĦţûãϷ˾˯ˡ
̫ƽϷţҡӡΪϷӡ
˵ūɣϢһ
̫ƽҡҡͷдΪĸТҵķ£ֿˡ
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һֱ
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Ϸ˸ˡ
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۰ҵϥǺ۰մ
Ϸ̫ƽţߵǰ˵ֻ֪СУȻģһ㶼飡ȥɣоͻκϥǡ
˵ڵأĸǲѾǽˣ
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лĸ
պȻһ˫СɵЬӣЬôĸɾ滹þһӭ
̧ͷĿԣôôɾЬӵ˾Ȼ̫ƽ
̫ƽһɾˬ޶ˣվϷ˵ߣׯͺһ䱻˺ǻĵ
ȴȫۣϻһѱһģͺɢľջ˵Ǳ
ʲôʱѾȲ̫ƽˣ
絶ʡ
ղ£̫ƽֻǲ˹עһưͰ
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Ϸҡҡͷ˰շ˽ȥ
һ̫ƽ˵òԵҩˣһٸĸԴϴγԹһֱúܣҩž벻ҵĿˡ
ĸֻܷԸǡ̫ƽϲӦд
̫ƽҪߡȻū澹˵Ϸ˲ˣ˷ˣܹ˰ѳ˵Ҫȡū¶ˡȻ˸ˣ


59 з

Ϸɫ˵ңˣó
ӴȡǱ
̫ƽףԭǰѹڴĳϷ˵ģ
ϷʱŮкأʹһѺý
£ŽʣϷ˶ذγ̫ƽ˵Ҫ¡ҿ˭ɱ㣡ˣҵѽǲ˵ģ
̫ƽһۣ־ȻŲæҲûжм˹ϷˣѵϷ˹汦ϣ书ܺã
ʱ¶˰Ѵ󵶳˹̫ƽҪɱ㣡
Ϸ˻Ӷ˳ȥ̫ƽûп¶Ѿڵˡ
¶ǰѴ󵶣Ȼϳء˵ϣ
¶㵨̫ˣϷһָ¶ĺ
ò˵Ϸʵ̫˧ˡ
̫ƽ棬ȥֻΪԼڲص˭֪Ϸ˲ڲǸ
ⱦͨı
ֶͨ巢ֻ¾ϻƽ𣬶׾ٵģ
¶ʱѾŵȫͬˡ
ĸףĸףҪԭġ¶
Ϸ˵Ҳʲôԭ㾹Ȼǰ赶ŪǹҪɱ̫ƽôǶˣ
¶˵ĸף̫ƽƺҵһֻҲˣһʱߣš
Ҫ˵˵һңϷ˽ʱ󱳾Ȼͦúֱ
¶˵ĸף˵þ䶼ʵ飡̫ƽ˽УҲԾùţΪκĽš˭֪һֻѾóŧ̫ҽǿȻһֻţ̫ҽ˵ԺԶֻһֻˣ
Ϸһзˣ
⻰˵ô̶¶Ŀˣָ̫ƽ޺޵˵̫ƽһҽ顣ΪľŴӶȥҩ˭֪ҾȻĶƣ
̫ƽó־۾װޡ
Ϸ˵ҲеѹǽԼģʲôҽҲƬ֮ʣ㲻ҪƵ̫ƽϡ̫ƽӺ磬ʲôôһپһĵǶģ
¶˵ĸףҸұ֤ҪӺ磡Ыĳ
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ΪֺϷˣܱܱǾóģ
¶̱һ޵ڵϡ
ַ˵ˣ﾿ôˣϷ˻ȥģڲ֮ǰ򲻿ɺ˵ɶŭ֪Ϸ˵Ƣ
¶Ǵޡ
Ϸ̫ƽ־ˣӰҵĺ飡
ˡ

¶ֻһƬ
˵ˣȻȥɡĽˣͷϷ˻̫ҽġ
¶˵ҵϣȫûˣȫûˣˣˣ
˵ˡҲõİ˳Цȥ
¶ֹ˿ޣл㱵߻ȥˡ
ԭ嶾ݵĶԷˣűסˣ¶׹̫ƽŵġƫƫ̫ƽĶƣ
ʱ˵Ļڶĸҵҩҳ˹ˣ
¶ôһ֡ˣ˵Ҫȥɱ̫ƽ
¶ôһŮԣϣ
˲зϣǻܼ޵ú¶ϣˣ
ǡ¶֤֤̫ƽŵģ
ҲֻܳưͿˣ˭ﺦˣ
ͣˡ
Ժһ¹ͷ
Ϸš̫ƽϺȲ衣
ٹ̫ƽ˽ݽţһЦŮư££Ҳܲμӳϵˡ
̫ƽ΢΢۾Ϣûлش
ôһѣĸ¶޲ߣܱǺݽɫܲ
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ʵǸ˵̫ˡ
̫ƽû
ܱؼ˵¡
ʹ˵ܱҳȳˣҲҪˣ
ܱȭͷһȭȥ̴ľӶһ
Ҫ̫ͣƽˣһ취ȥģܱ˵̫ƽҲҪãӣǽˣ
һҹ޻
ա
ȳһȣܱȥ󼸸̫ҽǣǶˣҡҡͷ˵Ρ
̫ƽϷ밲ʱϷһɫġ
ѵǣղܱˣ


60 ϲ

ҹ뵽һҩĸ̫ƽд
Ϸ̫ƽ˵ããáҩţҵ鶨á
̫ƽȥˡ
ʱϷ˵дĸе£ŮţԸΪĸǡ
ϷҡҡͷϣˣҲ˵˵£Ҳ֪˭ġһ϶Ĵ˵ҪϽȥҴһܡ
ԭˣ
̫ƽЦһ¡
ȻŮȴûдڸУܱǰ˵䡣ȻȫˣҪΪĶܰϳȥ
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Ϸ֪أΪһסĻӹ
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Ϸ̫ƽļ˵İɣĸû¡ҩžһ㣬Ƿʲô𣿡
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ǣ̫ƽҨҨ˸ϷˣдĸҺáŮܸмظҲˣѧѵܹĽĸҪָס
Ϸ˵ͷҪϳȥ㷴˵ɼؽ󣬲¹شзִ硣
ȳӲٲμӲţȴΪһͣ
ոӸ࣬Ǿͽλá
ԼĽŲߣȴճɽ֪˼ֱҪˡ
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Сӣ
ֻСһۣߣŶȣڴϣ˫ֽԺͦεչһɫߣ
㷢ˡСЦһף軨˹ƫ˲豭
̫ƽȥ軨ϻ¶飬˽ΡȷǸղġ
軨ÿԼòͲ͸㡣СתŷϵƮ
̫ƽǰЦ΢򢣬ԡ
̫ƽɵ١ʲôòҲİɣ
æͷˣ˵ԲҲϲ
ʵϲġ
ǰôϣְ
ǣȴһζû͹
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Сǵһˡ
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̫ƽشҺȹġ
֪СӺˡ
չΪһ𣿡̫ƽ


61 

ǿ⻨̫ã̫ˣ͹㡣С̾˿ȻЦţϴ˵ʧ䡣Ɑ边Ȼɾһ㣬ţˡ
̫ƽϣף˽ף㲻ҪҡҪǱ˿ˡ
⡣ŲȻ
СһЦܹ˵ˣ˹Ȼˣ
̫ƽˣæ˷
˾Ȼܣ
̫ƽ㡣ǲڷϣ˵žҪƿš
̫ƽżȻСӲˡ
߽̫ƽЦôˣѵл𣿡
ǣ䣬СӾʹź߳ܵͷϡ
ܾιȥˡ
ôôϧģôأ̫ƽһԹشһסܡ˴ϡ
СЦ˭ǹʱ䡣
̫ƽһۣæܰġ
СӰǶ軨ý嵽˻ƿ
ˡСЦ
¡̫ƽȻסݹȥǿ壬廹㣬֧ҲҰɡ
Ϊʲôѵͳջ𣿡СӲӡ
û͹㣬͵͵õġ̫ƽú
ֻ͵ӣ˵´͵ߵĿģѵҲҪһ𣿡СӺȻ̫ƽĶߣȵϢıĶ׹ϡ
̫ƽæ˿
ܹºҡСЦ
̫ƽֱۣĲңһҪ廹㡣
ͳȥĶջܹﲻҪĻͰ˰ɡС˵ꡣ۾ȥеȻˡ
ŮԭǹߣΪʲô̫ƽоͲһأ
̫ƽ壬ҲǣҲǡ
ѹˡôˣôȻǰһھιȥˣ
̫ƽοдѾûˡ
ף̫ƽ㣬ϵÿЦˣȥǿ壬ϸ꣺⻹ϵȵĻء
̫ƽһС˵ǻֻ壬´ߵģĪҲҪҹ黹𣿡
ɵո΢졣ƺΪ˻ش仰̫ƽ˵͵ȥҵģҲҪ
־Ͱܣϲ͸ɣҲʲôҪĶ
͸㲻𣿡ʡ
Ҳڡ̫ƽᶨ˵
һؼһӰԺ͹ҵĲϣ˵òÿأȴ
̫ƽܷķ٣ЦдȻǺÿġ˭ҵء
֣ôһأܸǿ˵
̫ƽдֵ˼ף彡
ԭˡܸ˼ˣһΪ͸أ̫ƽ㡣
̫ƽæдСѾͷô˵ˣʲôʱˣٻ˵ͻҰɣ
˲ˣҲˡЦ
ԭܹΪ˸̫ƽմӶԭͬһȥ֬˭֪ͱһסӲǣ̫ƽǲڸϡҾúֲ֣䣬֮˵ӰͰˡȻ㣬ĵͽӣܻ̫ƽ
Ȼ¡ɸ˭̫ƽһд
˵ˣ˵Լࡣ
ԭ࣡
̫ƽȻЩڣͲӦöִŵԼסڶºˡˡ
˵𣿡̫ƽĵд
˵һͨҲ֪ʧ񣬱˵ʱʱʱߵѾ߻ſڵȺ򣬰ùͨϷˡҪ˵ʲôһдˡ˵
Ǳá
ǽ㣬㼸ʱʶĵͽˣܹ˵Ϊ̫ģ˿ɲô룬ýþ;ˡ
Ҳʶ̫ƽ񶨡
ǵ˵ڶ죬ʱ඼ûй̫ƽ
ǵİΣֻʱһʱҪˣĴܻˣ
ʱϷ֪ˣΪͷʲôأ
಻Ҳûӭȥĵ
ǣԸȥǲһꣿ
ûãټҴҵ˹Բס˹ū澸մʱ򣬱үˣүҪϹȥأ


62 

˵ʲôˡ̫ƽ򶨣д
һ˵Ǹղţȥ곤๫ӵµʱү·ˣȻŭ㻹ǲҪȥˡҿүƣǷҪ㲻ˣ
̫ƽҡҡͷдĻǻġΪβȥܹܵÿ𣿡
˵һүأУҸϽȥϷ˰ɡ
ˡܲʲôĸ㲻õģҿӦԵģǱҲʲô˵£Ҫġ̫ƽ˳ȵд
ֻĵظ˹ȥ
û߽ķ䣬Ϳһ뱻˳žһ̫ƽĽűˣ
ղ̫ƽ΢߽һ㣬ˣ
æ嵽̫ƽǰ˵Сĵ㡣
Ůˣڷȥ֣̫ƽͷԵ˹ȥûŮö˶˵Ĺ뷿ͷߣʲôͽǹĴ㣬Ƿʲôңͱ֮ˣ㵹ãԼˣ
̫ƽ߽䵭
ٹȥ˵үˣǹȻʶλӡ
ʶȻʶαȥ约˫ŲмζԵý㣿ҽǲ㣬ǹҪˣŭԸ̫ƽĽ͡
֣ȭͷֵı˽
̫ƽдͰźҵˡıӶ׼ˡ
˵ôĴ£ǲͷ㣬Ϊ˸ˣ
̫ƽЦдԭһֱǺְܹܳƽĸװ
㡭ŭ÷
үϢŭū澲ãүҪ־ū澺ˣԼŹɣƴȥסȴǸһӴȥڵء
һū澶ô󵨡ɼĽ˵
֣һץס̫ƽ֣һҪӴȥ
̫ƽҪѣ¡
Ȼ廹ǱȽе뷨ԶԸǡ
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˵Ҷ޿̣˲μӳҲգ綼μӲˣμʲô
ǳӺ뺯ʾˣҪ̫ƽϯ˵ʱ̫ƽ˺ֻۣ»˲롣񣬹ķѾܶˣϷƾһӮ
һᵽϷˡˡ
һֱϹүˮƽģֻϷ˶
Ȼ̫ƽǳ⣬뵽Ϸˣ˵Ǿ͵ˣ˰ɣ
̫ƽлл㸸ףţ̫ƽ
̫ƽ٣дĸȾ١
̾˿ҿĺӡǣ˰ٷȥ
̫ƽûп񣬾˳ȥ
ðѲ豭ˤ˵ϣ̫ƽıӰ˵֪˭㾹һȥϷˣ棬ϷҲٱ㣡
̫ƽŲͣˡ
ЦҷȰ㲻ҪٸϵȻö˿Ц
أ̫ƽûлͷˡ
ûãϷ֪£˽
ϾҪŮҡ̫ƽҲûˣϷҲ̫ࡣ
Ѿѹˡ
̫ƽڴ֡
ٿ޵û°ɣүʵ̫ˡ
û¡µ㡣̫ƽд
ֻū澱˹ٿ
̫ƽٵĶͷдѾúܺˣҪ̫࣬ú˰ɡ
ū澡ͷϵ˰̡֪ܵ˲ᣬɵʵū澺εºܡū澡ϧ
˺ˣңҪľǰѶͷϵ˸áҪȻͱˣˡ̫ƽЦд
ɬһЦȡЦū澡
㣬һһЦģɱˡ̫ƽο
ֹˣˣ
û£ٵĶͷ˵ˡ̫ƽд
ְοټ䣬ϸ̫ƽЦϷ˹ūƣȻްôūȻȥˡ
̫ƽ˳š
ܹɫÿˡ
̫ƽ֪лҪ˵ȵˣдãʲôˣ


63 ǰ

ʲôֱ̫޳ˣǰЩӣﲻǱĸȥ˸ܼҵְλǣ֮ǰĻˣûߡĸļɽһǹ˭֪ɹȻǳȥ˴󲿷ֵΪͣĸҪǣﾹȻ˵ĸƾ޾ݡܳͷˣɰĸˣɽ˳ˣܿ޿
̫ƽдȻƾ޾ݣȻôôϾϹ̵ԭȶǶˣϷҲá˭ҲһӾҵŵĽǡֻǡǿһȥ
һȥһ
̫ƽдЩ̰۳ɷ磬ԭҲϷ˲ϲģǣĳ֮ǰսҲϣѧĺܶࡣѧȴ١Ҳ¾õĹࡣһȥϾûйˣҲϷ˲ϲġ
ĿǰЩﵹϵһˣ˵üֵܶģҲ㾫ǽأһΣ
Щ˿ʲôϸܲʲô˶͡
˵ˣԭҵģֻΪһЩʣǵȴûʧ²֮һȥģȥ£ҼҵɽˮһˣǽɾЩԺɾܹˡ
ƣôС¾ˡ̫ƽҡҡͷдԼ£ټϷǽˣ϶ѹصģòġ
ÿ˶ǳġգһյԽݣǱ˺ܶ࣬ѧҲǳŬ
ǳˡ
ǵ¶ѾúˣŮǶϣϷǰ飬ϷҲи
Ϸ˺ϴŮǹȥȥ
ɺϵǣϹүҲڽջˡ
ΪıȽͻȻϷҲǲִټ׼˽ӷ硣
ϣϡ
ӷϣϹү˲ٵľơ
̫ƽԹȥϹүơ
Ϸ˵̫ƽЩūˣαΪ
̫ƽдþò游ˣҲǸˣϣܾһТġ
ãááϷЦŶϹү˵ôŮУ̫ƽϻТ˳һ
ϹүҲЦˣ̫ƽ˼ܺãǶҲȷҪһ͵ˡ
Щ꣬Ƚϳţ̫ƽӹڳϼʲôˮϹүҲ㡣
̫ƽһۣ˵ǹүˡ
ϹүЦ߹ؿຮ֮أһƬƶ񤡣Ҳûʲôɽġ
̫ƽд˵֮ǰвٱķˣǱǱˡ
£ܶȥ˱߹أٺõҲ֧Ųס˲١ˣ֮ǰүȸĶҲڱ߹طأһƼˡϹүĻ䣬̫ƽȻһ
Σ̫ƽϹү裬ΪҲǴȸ顣
ǿɻã̫ƽд
áݿ£Ͼ˿ຮ֮أ˭ܳܵסѽϹү̾Ҳǿȸģ㾰Ҳѹġֻǣְﲻʲôֹ°ҲϲҸ
̫ƽѹͷдأ̫ˡԸ游ΪӶܵǣ
Ϸ˲ɵϸ̫ƽһۣ̫ƽ˽ȸ
̫ƽ֪ʧ̬дֻǲ²ѡ
Ϲүͷ˵ҲԣϾĿǰ˱ڻϣҲáȸȷϧûкñȴǻ쵽֮ءĵܱܵƻö࣬ȴְλµˣգҲڳ֮С
Ͼȸǻ֮ˣϹү㵽Ϊֹ۹ࡣ
ԣ˿𣬻쳣
̫ƽȥˡ
𨣬ٻš
ǣȴɬ̡
ٺõԣֲס۽¡
ΪϹүˣϷ˻Ϸ
˵ʢ磬̫ƽǹ̹ˣǰĸ׵ܵܣȴڱ߹ܿ࣬ݿ£ܳܵסĪĶԱȣ
ԲҾȻûоȳǡ̫ƽͷĬĬ˵
̫ƽ㣬ôˣܾ쵽̫ƽݹȥһ־
ûпޣֻǷ̫󣬷ɳˡ̫ƽæתҳԱˣǼ԰ɣȽȥˡ
̫ƽ㡣׷ȥȴסܹǹﰲһ°ɡ
ױ̨ǰԼò̫ƽ̾˿
Тܾ㣬ܿˡ̫ƽ˵
Ȼ̨ǰɽһӰ̫ƽûӦѾƮƮ䵽
˭


64 ԭ

һ֧ӺȻǰ
̫ƽɫתͷΪ̫촽Сӵ°̫ͣƽæ˿ˡ
ôôլˣ̫ƽش
ҪμˣԿ㼸ܡС΢΢һЦЦݾѩů
̫ƽҪȥ֧ӡȲҪ˵Ȼҡ
СӰ棬˵ܹҪӡ쵽·ȥð
̫ƽתȥġ
벻ܹҲôÿС֣°ͣռĸףܹɲҪ̫
̫ƽһʲôö˶֪ЩʲôΪʲôҪ˵Ҳʲô˼
ܹóĸ׵ġѵﻹҪʲô˼𣿡СӴ߸ϻɬЦ
һʹˡ̫ƽЩҸ˵ҸǺýáȻˣĸĸţҵȻҪΪЩˣûб˼
Ҳû˵ܹб˼ղڽӷĸף㾹ȻˣȻҾú֣֪ǲԭġҲͲˡСӻЦ
̫ƽһۣҾʱ䣬ȥҽ飬˵ԼĽҩ
֪ܹһҵģһ㶼ģҾͲȥоҩˡСżˡ
ǿɲһĴεᱡңΪԱڣͻϾϵʱҾͲȥҩˡ
ѵ𣿡СӺȻ˵
̫ƽӿ죬ȥΪ˵̫ˣײӽǣˤ
Сǰһ̫ƽʱֵĻ˫õķŶ䵭۾Ӷһ
̫ƽĻҵƿ㾿ʲô飿л콲û߰ɣҪȻˣҪִǣҿɶ㲻룬ȻҴ򲻹㣬ҵĶȴģ
˭֪СӷЦԺǼū澶ѾҴˡԺԺҲҷˣģôõ¹⣬£˴ˡ
ʲôǴˣ̫ƽ󾪣æܳȥȻüū澶ᵹڵˡ
̫ƽȥ̽̽ǵıϢûд󰭣ֻιȥˡ
̫ƽǶ񶾣ΪʲôҪǣ
СӵһЦΪҾҪˡڽ֮ǰһºȲ裬ܹ㲻ܾҰɣ˵꣬°
ֶһ֦ӻϣûлʧȥ˴Ȥܹ˵ϲ֪ʵϲġ
̫ƽ䵭ذѻȫڵϣý룬˵㿴˰ɣҲϲ䲻ϲ͸ҵĻԺҲҪͻˣ
СһʰЩĻ꣬һЩ꾹ȻԶƴγһŵĻŽء̯ԭȵĻӺÿˡ
¹£Ȼ˶ĿĹʡ
̫ƽգգ۾
Сһ豭ĲˮԶ
ԣСóһ֧ߴ
ΪʲôҪ㲻Ҫġ̫ƽǽŵش
С˵İɣѾҵˡ̫Զټڰڽӷ磬Ǿҵġܹ㡣
ȻڹֹԺ֮ڣ
̫ƽֵؿ
ҹϰϰ̫ƽǲܵģǡԸٽȥ
ΪʲôܾúϤأƺ̫ƽʣֽʲô
˼Ȼ
˼Ȼ̫ƽһ
СӵļƮԶҼǵãʮǰȹһǸɴȻʶ·˵ܺҹɫҾһߴһߴ֮߳֡߳ͷֿˣҾʱ򣬾ĵ㲦ӡ
̫ƽˡ
ǰʱһ·ˣһ˾£·ˣǸΪ£׳
ʱҹɫ̫ڣǴɴƼˮ꣬Ǹʵݣԣ֮˭ʶ˭
û뵽ʮǻٴֻʱѾǰǸˣ
Ȼǵõʱӣ
û뵽ǣǰľˣ


65 ӿ

̫ƽ̾˿ǰ£ף벻ּˡ
ɵſСӣҲ˲м֮飬дĺܺ
ʱλȻףȴҵ֪ϧҲСӿЦһ£ǼˣҲϲġ
ҲһӼȻһͬӦûϵӡ̫ƽд
Сӵ˵ͷ̫ƽĿ˲ɬҵǾܹӷǳĸȤϵӣ
̫ƽһЦдˣô˸еӣ˭˶иоġҾǵʱǸˡ
Ҳû˵ǵʱǸܹαôţأС˼Ц
ûССģ̫ƽϻ˻д㲻˵Ҫ𣿡
ܹ¸һȱɣСӾٱɫ䡣
̫ƽȻԸɻ£һڲ衣
өɹǵĻ⣬ڲϸ
Сһ֣мֻөС
ȻùһСөŽ˵С
өڵײţɴവϨө档
͸㡣Сӵ˹ȥ
̫ƽŽӹҪʲô
өĹȻϸ΢ȴ͸͸ɴֽճΪȽ϶ԵʣǺġ
ĵӨӨϣƽһů⡣
Ȼ뵽ʱͣפһ̸öá
ĸչһθ飬öá
֪ܡ
üͷ
ü֮һǳǳĹ֡Ȼһۡ
ôһ̣ƽüˡ
ǣͷȥûС
Խ˵ãȻʧӸ⶯ˡ
֪ܽȥǻ棬ůӻͽ
֪𣿽ҵաȻ˵ϵЦݱú̲һɬ
̫ƽˮ˫ʱ⶯ˡ
Ҳǣúܶǡ
Ѿòˡ
Ѳ꣬վлܹҹաһԶסġ
һ˵ɡ
𣿡ƤһЦĲãңҲһΪ㣬ȥ
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ɴ۾
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Ȼ׾ͺá
Ϊŵөĵƹ˽ǰ·ǲУŲˣƺ̫·̡
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ǰƬеǸк˵Ϊôõ֣ɼҵ֪Ҫס
ͷɴøϸЩЦƼˮ꣬Եƾ־Ϳٴϡ
ڰпǸʲô飬ȴԵ˺ܶ࣬ǺáҲǿ㡣պǵٻǴҶᷴӡˣ鷳һ㻹ûмˣһȢ㡣Ѿˡ㲻ãҲһȢ㡣
ֻںڰдһҹ˴ԣͶȻǲŵġ
Ȼ۵Ļˣȴֻḡڳԣ˵߳Ƭ֣Ǿټ
ټҲˡ
ȥδ̫ңǸȹүˡ
ٶŶͷϵΪ̺ñ죬˯ˡҪءҪμӳϵᡣ
̫ƽ˵ͷٰө˴ǰ
ÿʲôʱôˣ۾ˡ
һҹ˯úܲãϤǿǳǳө£Ǿ
ա
ղءеһ͹ˣҪŹﴩ˲Ÿȥһߴģū澶ͷˣվȻȫˣҲôɴˡ
̫ƽطūǷϴţȻīҴҵܹˣСӺȻֲˣҪϹȥأ
褺㲡ˣ


66 ǰ

ڽӷϣ褺㻹úõģôȻͷأ
̫ƽ֣ȴϸͿ첽߽ϵԺͶûгꡣ
Ͻ֣褺ڵӣֻ½ȥˣҾôһӡҪ
̫ƽοдĸײҪģ褺ÿضǷ׻µġ
㲻֪ؿЩ֡褺˯ʱ򣬶ͷѾܻˣҵֻѰȣ⣬ЩˮЩȥ˯ˣ˭֪ҹѹƺǵʣѾ߾ҧġסˣ˭֪ҹȥҲҧģġҲˣ˵δĲ֢
̫ƽдôܵô
һҹ۵ĻţץסѾ˯ˡϲͣĨᡣ
˯ˣ
ҲȫȻ˯ţżѹֽеģۡѾˡ
ȥ
̫ƽ褺Ĵǰǿ褺ƤȻ˳ȥ
ĸףܲãܵܵ˷蹷̫ƽд
蹷վҪεǲ֢֮
ūǸϽϷס
̫ƽдĸײҪܵյã
ϰŰɣ˵˷蹷°ĭͲʡ¡
ǳʱޡֻҪʮʱ֮ƣͿȬ̫ƽдҪĸװҵһֻ蹷
蹷һ˼ǣ褺Ǳ蹷ҧ˲ŵⲡ
ôõģʱûʱϸˡֻҪҵ蹷ܵܵĲ̫ƽŵд
ǣϰ̫ƽķԸȥץ蹷
Ϊҵ蹷û뵽ڸҵ˺üֻ
̫ƽȥһɱˣֻ蹷ɱˣȡ蹷Һʢ
һȥ褺ϵ˿ڡ
Ȼ褺Ĵϣҵһҧۡ
ϴ󾪣ҿĺʲôʱ򱻷蹷ҧģʧְȻһ㶼֪
ֵǡΪ褺㶼˵أ̫ƽд
˵᲻Ǳݺģ褺Ըų̫ƣһ£Ͳ˵ˡ
̫ƽͷȫܡ
ϣ̫ƽѸոȡķ蹷ԼҺͿ褺˿ϣ˲ҩá
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Ͽ˵л̫ƽҪûڣֻҶֲȥˡҸϷ˵һҲܹȥˡ
̫ƽͷתˡ
·ϣһū澼ҴҵܳϵԺӡ
̫ƽæṦĺ׷˹ȥ
ûãĺɻˣղǸūܽãҲ֪˵ʲôﲪȻŭѲ豭Ʒˡ
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褺òˣϷһôû˸ң
˵ΪҶæڶΪ˲Ϸˡûū澸Ϸˡ
Ϸ˰˰ָ˵˵褺ӣ˲ҲҪЪʲôµģҲǣڶûй
̫ƽдĸԭҪԹǵܵܲ黹ûȫáĸʵڷֲĸ½⡣
Ϸ˵ô褺ںû
Ѿˡ̫ƽдΪҪӺ褺㡣Ҿĸŵܵܣٱ˼Ӻˡ
˭ҼӺ褺㣿Ϸ˴ŭ
̫ƽд褺ձ蹷ҧˣ緢Ѿ⸮Ϸ蹷ģ϶˭ҪӺ褺㣬͵͵Žġ
Ϸùصû棬Ȼ£
˵ϷˣóõȰ²Ȼٲˡ
Ϸǽȥ󷿣ϵǲҪƽΨʣ
˵ȥˣϷ˽˭ȥ
˵ȥˣȻǶ¶Ȼȥ˭ģԽȥ
ϣǲҪչ磿Ϸ˹ʵϣ¶Լ˵ȥˡ
˭֪¶˵кܶչҪ
Ϸֻ˵ȥѰɡ
¶ϲȥˡ
ȥˣ¶ȥҲ԰Լ䡣
һװ


67 ·

̫ƽ˼
Щ蹷ͻȻԼð˭ץǷŽȥġ
īȥ¶ȥУѲ¶Žķ蹷
褺£⣬¶Ҳ˺ôΪ褺£ȻҪ顣ȥˣ¶ȻͶˡ
̫ƽѾ֪ôһ¡
¶ϼӺ褺㣡
̫ƽܼʱֹ¡ǻ䱾褺ͻᱻǺ
Ҫ̫ƽҽ߳褺ѾǺˡ
ţȻһͣ
̫ƽһæȥˡ
ǰͣ˰˹˹ǹȥءٻ˵·ߵģǰ˹߷ˡ
˹ŮҲڵ̫á
Ϊ˹ǻܳŮ˹ƽʱͼΪԣû뵽ȻͶ·ꡣ
ǹ˭ˣǻϵͷ˹ū澴
Ϸ˴ʱҲˣƫá
˵˹ͨһ£Ǵ˷Ҫȥ磬ѾٵˣҲΨһ·ǵͷֻ¾ûб·ˡ
ūȵ˭ǳٵģֲǹǳٵģٵת뿪ҪȻǹɽˮǵ𣿡
˵빫
Ϸ˿ȥ˵·ߵǶԵģǹߴˣӷͬҪ˵ǽǼڸ·Ϊи㣬²Ϊ˸·ǼȻߵ·Ͳܹͷ빫ת·ɡ
㡭ūˡ
˹ɷ˵ӣϷ˾ͳ˹ȥ̫š˱·ҽǴ㲻ɣ
ǱֱֱۿҪϷˣæӵס˭֪Ϸ˰ƿһ֣ñӾϷ˵
˹һҪӡ˭֪Ϸ˵ıɲС˹ô鶼鲻
̫ţͦ˹ˣ󣬡Ҷ
ܿ죬һʿ˹
˹üһί˵㶼ˣ۸ҡ
˹°㡣Ҷӹ˰˹еıӡ
Ҷֻ΢Ϸ˾ͱקšǰ˺ü
̫ƽˣæߵϷߣַϷ˵ϡ
Ϸ˻ͷ̫ƽ
̫ƽýСϷ˵Ҷ̫ƽ͸Сˡ
̫ƽǵûз֣һЦ֮󣬴ɳһö롣
֮죬ҶûӦö˷Ҷ档

Ҷֻһʹʶģſ֡
Ϸһ˦ô˷Ҷϡ
Ҷʹؽһ˹ȥ
Ҷء˹ź
һţһưͣŹ򱾹һøɱǣ˹ش
Ϸ˵Ӣ֪ǹǣ³ͷĲǡ
㡭˹ֱš
ʱ˹ߵѾ߱˵ҵˡ
˹ϲ̫ˣѾҡ
ĹȻѾ
Ѿһȹ磬һĨҡҷˡ̫ƽĿ͸ݣ滹Ц˵ǣֻϲˡǴõģϻҸ͸ˡǴˡ¶龩ˡ
˹˵Уûõĵ
ѾЦǾֻһ취ˣǶѹعȥ
ôܣ
̫ƽãѾƲ߾ǹģΪڸ·ûа취Ѱ˹عȥԼߡ
취壬󻹵ðѹתȥԶ˵˷ʱ˷Ѿ¡
ҲѾó
˭֪˹һ͹ƵȷǸð취ֻҪȹȥôԡ
Ϸ˵ڸ·빫иɡ»һǰǸ
Ϸ˶һ̨ˣ˹ۿҲռʲôˣҲùˡ
˭֪Ѿôð˹뿪˵ˣҲ֪ʲô´ʲôèģǹǴδҪ˳ȥˣ
˹УǲˣҪǶˣȻǾ͸ƴˣ
ۿ˫Ҫˣ̫ƽдĸСҴıȻڸʱ䣬ɼȻѾˣȥ٣ʱ򲻺ø
Ϸüë˼ǡ


68 븮

̫ƽûлشһԵ¶˵ĸףʲôˣ񲻱ЦǶȺ󱲣
ⲻϷˣ
Ϸصһۣұ죬һߴȥ
¶ͷ˵ˡ
Ϸ̫ƽ˵˵ϲ˵
̫ƽдĸΪ˴֡˳ͻ˼ˡһա
Ϸ˵Ҳд⡣
񣬺ûвʺΪó裬İ˹Ȼԣȴܵûϳ谮
Ϸ˺αظһС
ǣתöȥ
˹һôˣһ㶼棡
Ѿˡ֮Գ֣ϣָܾˣ˵ҪҪģ
ȻҪô˵Ҷˣ
Ѿ˵Ҫߡôǵ˼أ
˵ô죿
ѾһЦ˹˻ûأôܷأ
˵öԡ˹ǳȥҽҩǮſߣ
˹벻Ҫ̫ˣ˵
ģǮߣ˹˫ֲ߸߰ͷһֺӡ
㡭Ϸ˰ڰ˵Ҫ٣
˹룬ҽҩôۣѾڰ˹ߵ̫ƽΪ̫ƽҽȻѾһǾ˵Ǻ¹һٴãʱ򣬹̫ƽ֣Ȼôھô
⣡˹Ц̫ƽҽտֻҪ̫ƽͿˡ
ʲô
Ϸ˺ȻԼĵѾǣҲˣתͷߡ
̫ƽĺд˹֪ǱѾȥܴ̫ӼݵѾ
ĺˡ
̫ţŮ˹
Ϸ˲ǡ
ŶԽԽԶ˹ûȤˣѾٴＤ˭֪ԶȻһ̫Ӽݵ----
ѾһͷһҹӣȺ̫ӹ
Ѿһֱ޸̫ԡһ˵̫ҪˣȻҪװͻݵġ
˹˵֣ҵĻô͹ˣ
˵˰죬Ҳĳݹ
˹˵һǼٵģҵĻڳˣ˵һͳȥˣôܻ
Ѿ󾪣թ
׹̫ƽµ壬Ҫ·ϣ
ʱĳѾԶˣ˹Ҫ׷ȥɧǡҲˡ
Ѿ˵ȥǳҪΪԼָ˵Ըȥϡ
˹ԥǣûҡ
ȻѾ̫ӵ£͵˹ѽ˵ˣݰٳǹĹùãҲȻǻӭġ
Ѿôһ˵˹¾ȫǰ
̫ƽһ˳˰˹ʱѾٵˡ
ôҶǣʵǲ˼ϷһصǸ
Цû£˾ԷãϵȵǿԳһˣ
Ϸ˴¶̫ƽաˮЦЦܡ˰ݼ˳Ӻ̫ӵ£Ͷȥˡ
ϯˣϻһŮϯм
ϰ˸ָĻ涷ޣһͻᡣ
ǡûҪ˼ôҹ͹Ůĸ衣ƺڵʲôҪˡ
̫ƽ²ãȻǰһλµŮЦӯӯ˵̫ƽ𣿡
̫ƽװ󣬾֪λƣæ
̫ƽ߹ࡣ߹Цֹ󷽣Ͱ˹Ȳ֪˶̨ס
̫ƽæס̫ƽЦɱҿ˵ˣ㲻ҽ߳ɣҷǳϲأϣܹһסڹ
ظǹﲻԴǣū澶ش𣬶л⣬ǹԸӣ²ʺϳסС˵
˵֪̫ƽ˵޷д־ˡߴҲԣҿöһЩ
̫ƽһùôȥѧϰأ
Ҳûжʡ
ڽȥˣ˵֮İѡ㣬̫ƽҪǫ顣˵ˡ
̫ƽܾ
Ц̫ˣ̫ƽ߹ϲء
̫ƽҡҡͷ
Ц֪֪治֪ģףʶ˺ô
ܲƽս⻰ʲô˼ѵǿ̫ƽϲ𣿡
̫ƽڰ֣ʾⲻҪִǰ
ûãȺǸҪˣˣ


69 ͷ

Ǹˣһɫװͷڣĸ˵һĺò
ݵ̫һߺ̫ƽˣݹˣ
һӻʹȥʺˡ㲻
ʲô羹ȻҲˣ
ôοͻʵĿģʲô
ĸϣ̫ӭȥôЩ߶Ҳӭ
ͦõģαҪ˷Ѵҵʱ;ӭأüĿ˵
˵λѾˡ
лʹáЦ
˵˻ʺ˭ûʸƺΪʹáΪֻ֮ǻϵ檣ֻƳġ
ǣȴֱӳƺΪʹáҲûκҲǳϰߣɼ˶ѾεĻʺˡ
ڳ󣬳˽һۣ˵ڿԿʼˡ
ʳһһ̵ض˹ˡ
¶Сʮ㣬ʲôץһһ˱ûгԹʳһ
ʵϣ¶ΪҾԭ򣬵ȷûгԹ̫Ķ
Ϸ˺ݺݵ¶һۣ¶𶼲֪ūڶˣ¶ŷ˿ӣɻǲͣˮ
Ĺ˶Цˣԭӡ
Ϸڴ¶
һӵ̫ƽӺ߿ȥ֣ôСûй
һݵģǹҵŮŷ¡
ŷµһֺáҲԡ
ǳĵŮҲŷµĵս㣬ѾӣҲڵ̫
Ҳݡ
˵ظӺֻҲǲѵġ
͡΢΢һЦơ
ڶϳҵĵŮգ衣
Ҫ貢סյͻЩ΢ˣҪһƬƵҶʮ׶һŮӲüǿոˡ
˶ơ
Ҫ֪յĽǹȥ̫
Ȼǰ̫ǰ̫ްš
ղûܹΪµ̫
յĵȻΪ࣬Դǰ̫ް֮ûʵȨһ衣
Ƶ֮ûаҲΪڴĳȻλܸߣɲһĳʵҪܿͻһߣûбȨƵ۲¡
̫ƽһһʶǡ
֮ǰ˵ةģȴ֪ةŮ˳ɫ˸ѶȵҲôԼķţ΢ֵŮӡҲ԰ôá
ʹͺȻѾ
̫ƽ룬ѾĶ湻ģղŻ˹ԸǶأ˹ûѾѾˡ
ѾƺѾ˸ղţĲõرһ֧鷨衣
һյϣһֽѾëʣһ裬һд鷨
֧ʱֽϺȻдš롱ĸ֡
ã̫һ
Ѿϣǰ
˵˼黭ǳͨϧ㲻ӦдĸָҡղҵҵһϣӦҡ
Ѿæ£볤ˡŮð
˵ʹĸĵġ
˵ûйֻˡ
ҲܻĿ⡣ֱǰȥѾ˵£˾Ϊ˰
Ѿͷߡ͵͵Ӻһۡ
ӺûпѾ䵭Ȳ裬Ѿʧ
ȻѾǰһ˵ŮԸдĸ֣ԱʾԸղĸֵǸ⡣
˵Ե̫ġ
ѾЦǳŮӦġ
ͷ
ǡѾٴ
˹ݵ̫һߺûдᡣ
ס̫ƽֵĵ˵ˣ̫ƽһɣ˹϶ǹġ
ôˡ䳤ڣҵġ̫ƽд
Ȼ˹ֻǺݺݵ̫ƽһۣû¡
˹ߣѾ衣
Ѿ裬ԽԽ𾢡
꿡ſˣԳ
ѾΪ˶ԳǸ⣬ʵȴǣ˷ͷΪΣȱ˶һʱȥ˵ע
ҿǹдģΪľǶһΡܺܲ˵˵
̫ƽһЦдСĸǽж
˵ҲŲ±ءʲô˵ģ
ǣѾţţȻϷһС˶ûӦлѾ½󣬡
Ѿ·һأ


70 

һذ
Ѿı¶˳
ô¶ӣǿڵİ
Ѿһȫסˣڡ
첽ǰ䵲סѾԹŮ˵ݻѣ
ŮѾ޵滨Ѿڡ

ղŲ˿ǿˣҲһñȽԶ̫ƽ˲ٴ⡣
ǺҪݺŭ֮ϡ
ǲӦ
˵ҷż
ǽûеǸ˾ͷʵЦ
治˼ҸղɵСķɵϷ˳ȥҿƲסҵĴǸ˫ֽԺ΢΢ЦţŶȣɹ̫۾һ¡
󵨿ͽֱ÷ζҪըˣ
ɰѾϳŵؽ˳㲻ɶһë
ĸˡ
˵㲻ԶͲԶûжԶ
һŭعͷʵĸΪʲô
Ϊ๫ӡ̫˭ԴһԵĳԭί
ֱʱ̫ƽϳϵǸϤӰ࣡
ֲ˵˿û뵽̫
྿˭Ϊʲô̫ӣ
ŭЦһͶ·ģûã浱Լǻˣ
ʮ˻ܹĵ˵֣һ̣ɢ֮ٸÿ͵ˣҪԸһְ취ġ
Цŵ˵ͷ
ѾϷϵƮƮаȵ۾ЦЦģǱŮ˻Ҫ
ֻĿ⣬Ȼ̫ƽϡ
̫ƽæͷԸӡ
ЦƿĿ⣬ȥų񣬳ͷ
Ц๫Ҫμᣬ˵һˡαҪѰ·Ϲأ
⻰
ЦѰ·ôȤѵϹλãߵѰ·𣿡
⻰ڷƾıϹġ
˴ҲЦЦ
ĸҲ򣿻˵˲Ļɲˣָʡ
ʮ˻Ӹ˵̫ӵ£ҡҲӦ¹ġĪûн̻𣿡
ЦҲԣ֮أȷǣʮ˻ʵܣǾͲüˡ
ʮ˻ӼЦܸ̫ӱأֻΪ̫գԱ񶼸˰ɣ
ʮ˻һһԵؼЦ࣬ϲŭԼҡҡ˵ӣˣ
㡭սȭͷ̫࣬ӵƣ
ĿԴаһЦ
񣡡
Ҳ˶ȡ
ʱѾѾ³
ԭҪڶſǰͷ˭֪Ȼ֡
Ѿ˵Ը⣬ڱߡ
ŮҡѾ۾ģϻۣһ˵󿴵óˡ
̬֪ʲôЦﲻҪ£ղܾˣھ͵˵꣬ɷ˵Ѿߣһ
һЦѾֻŵͷŪȹϵӡ
ȻôһСỹǼС
ȥݵģϴ󽫾ŮУ
ŮװһŮװ磬üۣĽС硣һѳϸ˵ŮУĲᡣֻ轣λ
͸۾գжÿɰˡ
òЦ
°ͣЦŮӻ轣ɼر𡣺ܺáһ轣ʵǼįЩɣָһˣ㹲衣
е˵ͷ˵Ҫ๫Ӻһ轣
ԤУ޾֮ɫ˰֣˵費áһ˰ɡ
УֻҪ轣Ŀ֮£оȻֱӽΪ磡
ǣԵúܲ˼
Ц๫ӣȥһ£ҲƣĽô
˵ˣֻվߡ
ӹȥһѴֽӹ
п˵磬̫ˣȻܸһ轣һ轣Ѿ֮ˣ磬ɶǵã


71 Ҫҵ

ǲˡ˵
ôأо죬һСŮ̬ί˵ǣÿһ£Ҷǵģ֮еεΣ˵ÿһ仰Կҵ
ͷԣ˵ЩΣǳ֮⡣ûбУһĮһεγĶԱȡ
Ц๫ֻǲԴǰˣȻͷˡ
㲻Ҫ˵˵ûмǵãԼ𣿡ͷ˵˹ȥ
һֱ²̨ѽ
Ҳֻң
Ҫסˡ
Ц˵ĶԣҲֻǲ²ˣϣ๫ӲҪ⡣
Ȼпʼ轣
˵Ƕ˻ĺĬ
Σǽܹã˷ԽĲ㡣
̫ƽֻɻӰӼˣ˫˫裬һƬ⣡
ܿˣ˵̫ƽ㣬ǿѽ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
ֻǣеĽжʼɵĿ⣬Ȼ̫ƽ˹ȥ
ܴ󾪣ʶأԼ嵲ס̫ƽ
ʲô̫ƽĺȻ̲ס˻Ƶ
ǣǱܵĺ󱳲Զͣסˣ
࣡
༰ʱĽеĽϣ
СģеĽˣ
еĽ˵ϡ
ܹû°ɣܹʵ
ת̫ƽȻ£ֻǣλʲô
࿴̫ƽƽ˿תС
к޺޵ؿ̫ƽԽǹ̫ƽԽǺޡ
˵ôЩװ
й˵Ůһʱۡʧ֣볤ˡ
˵볤죬ʧ֣ҪҼ̫ƽѽղŲ๫ӼʱǱֻҺҵ̫ƽ㶼Ҫˣ
üëǱϵͻ磬ұӦ໥ȡ֡Ǹ̫ƽʲôìܣֱԡα赶Ūǹģҵĺأ
о죬ҶѾϴˣǻҪô
˶ҡҡͷ
ϴ󽫾æ߹ڳǰϳŮ޷볤ˡͷһúùܽŮ
̾˿˵ϴ󽫾𣬼Ȼ󽫾ôˣôͿڴ󽫾ķϣɡ̫ƽ
ǣҲףˡġ̫ƽд
̫ƽǿΪŮ֮ģѽЦ
лϴ󽫾ǳԼŮ˵ллܹ
кܲ˸񣬡лܹ
ϴ󽫾ǴԼŮȥˡ
ؿ̫ƽһۣ˵֪ΪʲôǸˣԭҪҵˡ
̫ƽûᣬλȥˡ
ЦЦղѾúˣ֪̫ƽ˭ˡ
ˣҲˣļȶˣϲ˰ɡ˵
˵һϳľǶˡ̫ƽ㣬ҵúܿ죬ҺýŶ
̫ƽ١ЦдҪ£͵ͷһˡ
ôһأô಻ʶ˿衣ܵˡ
̫ƽд͵ҶϹϣ͵ˣ
Ϲϣ뵽ϹϵӣɵЦñҾͲˣ
̫ƽдɵãԺҲҪôɵΪ赲ˡۣһ˵ô죿
û£̫ƽôáôﺦͶˣҵȻҪþȫԽáͬ顣
̫ƽ˵ܵСǼ⡣ЦˣдԭΪͬҡ
ɲ˭ܵõҵͬģҲЦˡ
˵顣ղͣطۡ
ܲ飬Ŷ䲻û
Ҳã䳤ϣӦðϣҪȾҵĶ䣡
ܻҪ̫ƽסдôˣòҪɱˣڲڼǴеĿΪ߶
ѹ»˵˵ղŵĽžôһûˣ
ڲˣͦõ𣿡̫ƽд
죬ȻһŮ߹̫ƽסˣ

Ϥüۣ̫ƽҲϵó
ֻǣǹŮߵѾʱ䲻һţǸŮðһ£
ŮеһᣬϵĲˮõѾĴϣ



72 ǰ

Ѿҽȥ͸ǸŮһ⣬ô˲赹ˮģ㶼ҵô
ǹŮæ£ū澲ĵģˡ
ˡҲū̧ţҪ߹ȥȻһ˺Ȼײ˹ûվȣˤ˹ȥ
ĸҪģŭ
˭ײ̫ӵأ
˵ĿⶼǸϣ
ˣ
Ǹױ˲Ǳˣ̫ƽ
Ȼ㡭סˡ
̫ƽȴû˼æǸŮ
Ů϶Ѫ̫ƽΪš
û̫ƽͦܲǸŮ÷ݯ
ǣȻ̫ƽΪ÷ݯἺ÷ݯȴ⣬Ϊ֪̫ƽİŮ
ū֪ùﶯ֡÷ݯϻ̳ϿֵҪ¹ȴ̫ƽط
߹˵̫ƽôˣһССĹŮֵ㡭
Ҳˣܹ̫˰ɡ
̫ƽдȻҲֻ֪һССĹŮĴҲģҲȹĽţŵˤŪΪ̫ӣΪʲôܴ˲С˹ȥݺһŮأ
˵˵˵ʲôʱסĽˣԼûȺòã
ô̫Ϊ˹֮ΪҪŹһֽأ̫ӵأ̫ƽд
㡭˵
̫ƽ񣡡Ϸ˹ˡ
ʱ˵ˣ̫ӣӦôд֪ΪͷǱϾˣ̫ҽΡλҵĹŮ̫ƽΪҲƿģҪ־͹Һˡ
ȻһΪ̫ƽˣ˵ʲôأ
ѾѾͽң̫ҽˡ
£ŭȴԡ
̫ƽŵ÷ݯ۾･ˮ
ǣΪ÷ݯʲôأ
˵̫ƽҲ°ɣǶıˡȥһ٣Ҫñʧ
̫ƽȥǰɺῴ÷ݯһۡ
վɡ÷ݯ˵
÷ݯͷ˲ϵѪ˶վ˳
ǵͷɼķ̴棬ͦεıɼĽȣߵĹŮϾȫһ
ϯλϵ̫ƽٲҿ÷ݯᡣ
Ѿ÷ݯˣ³ڶĻҲᱣ÷ݯġ
ֻǣ÷ݯϾֻһˣԴŮĹȣֲãڹӻȻǴٳ衣
㳤ıҲ©ʱ򣬾ͺղš
̫ƽ㡣ܲϵ̫ƽвˡһɣôأ
̫ƽͷʼ
ǣڣɽ亣ζζ
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Щ֮ϵСɨС
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ˣᣬӺСӲҪ֡
С̲סǾϡ
̫ƽһ㣬뵽ιΪ˾ǰĸףҲΪ˾ǰ֡
Ψһĳ룬Լ
õϡȻ
ʱȸӣҲܾ
ˣذѽıݸ˳ˡǵһ
Ȼˡ
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šϷŮǶȥӱߵĿյһ£̫ƽһͬ߹ȥ
ӱֻͣ
ϻ̫ƽס
˵ǹ˼ǣһ˶ûУóȻȥʵ̫ȫˡ
ղΪҪģƫҪȥ
˵ѽ͹ȥ˱û㡣
պǣߵϣŵ˻
ôˣ㲻Ǻ𣿡Ц
յһ˵ĸҪĸĻ㶷죡
ߣҿǵˣСܼЦ
á̫ƽ֣ܵдǿʼɡ
ܵͷ
ǣ
ûþˣһҪ뿪̫ƽͷ˻һۣղŻ﷢̫ƽҲˣʲôأ


73 ӻ

̲ס棬̫ƽŵϻ
ܿҪ˵ʲô̫ƽڰʾ
ǣܸ̫ƽ˻˻һ϶
Ȼˡ
̫ʮ˻ӣ
ֻʮ˻ӽŵ˵ɩɩĪƻֻǱԻۣ綼쵽ɩɩĺõģ
̫Ŵᣬ˵ּʱֹˣ֪һǸ꾫ʩչסȰַһʵڿơʮ˻ʵѽ֪ҵÿడ
ʮ˻ӵݹȥһ۾ﶼǶ̫ĳݺϧɩɩﶼǺɫ֮ͽŮɫжֻлɩɩһ˵ӣ̫ˡ
ʮ˻ʵܡл㣬֪Һá̫ˡ
ܵԡ㡱ҡƣʮ˻Ӽ̫ûнӹӸ̫ᣬ̫Ҳûжܡ
˵벻̫Ȼʮ˻β
⻰Ȼ˵üᣬǵףǱ书ʮ˻Ӹˣ󾪣˭
̫ƿʮ˻ӡ
ܺˡ
̫ƽһԼܵͷϣȻһȥ
ʮ˻˳ǣûҵǡ
ʮ˻ʵܣˣôܻбأ̫˳
ʮ˻ӵ˵ͷһˣʱҲˡɩɩҪ
ģչҪȥġ̫ʧ˵
ɩɩʵҺγԶ㡭ʮ˻ӺȻס̫˵
Ҫˡ̫˦ʮ˻ӵ֣ʧ뿪ˡ
ʮ˻̾˿Ҳֻˡ
̫ƽŸ˳
̫ƽ㣬ҪҪȥ̫ӣʮ˻Ӹ̫˽Ļ᣿ܿʮ˻ʧˣʵ
̫ƽҡҡͷдǲҪ¡Ҫ鷳
˵Ƕ˰ɣǷǶġ
̫ƽҪѾǸ˺
˭֪ʮ˻ﻳɣûۻˡ
һ㣬ôźãǻܶ㵽أ֪ղžͲˡ
̫ƽæ֣ܵ˴ڡ
ʮ˻ӻ߹ѾԽԽӽˡ
ô죿ô죿
żСȻһ˴бǴ˳סʮ˻ӡ
ʮ˵£Ӻ롣˵
̫ƽϸСӣ
ϤˣϤϤϤ
Ӻʲôûաʮ˻ƿСҪϻ
Сһץʮ˻Ӿͱ˻ȥ
󵨿ͽʲôʮ˻Ӻ
Ӻ㣬Ҫ˵֪㲻Ӻǡ㲻Ͽȥ³𣿡СЦ
η峤ʮ˻ԥƬ̣ȥ
ǿԳˡСӻͷŻ˫ָͦεڽߣͬһɡ
̫ƽܵ߳
ղ̫ΣˡСֵҺҪȻͷ紫Ϊնʮ˻ǳصģ
̫ƽлˡתҪߡ
ûбĻҪ˵𣿼һҪߣСЦ
̫ƽ˵˹£ûʲô˵ġ
СӺȻܲϹŵ壬ģ
벻̫ƽ͸ϵȱת־͸˱Ůӣ
۹ⰵȥЦҲ˵𣿡
̫ƽգգ۾ܲ³ˣϵ壬˵ԲҲ֪͸̫ƽġ
Сܣֻ̫ƽ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵ҲҪġȻ㲻ԸջȥҲϲֻ͸ˡ
ȡ㲻Ҫ̫ƽˡæ˵
̫ƽס֣ܵдáֻţȻϲҲѾ͸ˡˣ˭֮ǰҪ
ܺߵؿСһۣô˼أ
Сȴ֡Ұɡ
еװͰ͵ģܿһ
̫ƽдôʲô㲻ҲҵӣԭǲҪģȻѾˣҿɲҪ
Сӿ̫ƽ㡭
̫ƽﲻɵһˬȻҲСĿɿڴʱ
ܾˡ
ĶĿ̫ƽ㣿סػͷСӡ
Ҫ£ãһỤ㡣̫ƽд
ܿվڽͦεСӣǿ壬ɵˣС̫ˣ
յϵԺϷ˾üͷһߺȣ̫ƽܣȥˣΪô֪֪ղŹǣ


74 

̫ƽһ֪ʲô¡
ֹ˵ոճʮ˻ˣǣϷ˵ǵﻻȹˣǲˡǣɫÿ
˵ȥӱǳϵںӡҲͰˣΪʮ˻ҲҪأ
˵ūҲʮ˻ӿڿ˵ܹС׽Ūǲǽʲô棿
̫ܿƽһۡͷ
̫ƽдǲȥʲôֻںӱ߶ɢģˣĸˡ
Ϸϸ̫ƽۣ˵ʮ˻СıǿġҪȥˡ
ǡ̫ƽܶͷϷѾ֪Ǹղʮ˻ˡ
ֻǣʮ˻ΪλĪˣ
Ҳܡ
ʮ˻һͿˣͲ뿪
ȻֽΧСӡ̫ƽҲǻȻ
һʮ˻С˵Ҫļ˳ȴֳûټ˻ɵ̫ƽͷϡ
ʮ˻ӿҲǲ²ģϾϴϣ̫ƽѾְִҲСӡ
αֵǶˡ׼һ£ȥɡסһҪΪǶϷ˵ƣػ˻֡
ŮǶȥˡ
̫ƽдã͵Щŵ˶ϹϣҪš
ܵ˵ͷһҲˣ̫ƽ㡣
迪ʼˡ
վǰ档վ棬мˮЦЦ̫ƽ
Ůϰɫͬȹȹϵأۼ
Χһ衣
ˮƮɣŮǵЦһʻʢƮ衣
ÿǾͻϸźĸ첲ڴϼ롣
ֱֹʢǲʱһ
Ŀ̫ƽϣþòƿ
бͶñȽԶȥ̫ƽʹ˾
ö˵Ůܸ裬ɡǹŮеĵ䷶
ǰȢ޵ȢŮǣȺ˸˵
˷׷׿ȥ˵⻰ةĵҢ
ֻҢһģһȣɫȻ԰ףʧ㡣
ʱȻϣ̬꣬һƺ쳾ߡ
˴Цȳӡ𣿶ôŮȳأ
ҢһЦеλˣˮһŮӺϡ
ʮ˻̲ס˵Ǳ˵Ĵ󻰣ŵģֻ㡭͵˰ɣӦûˣ
Ң⻰Цҵǵة࣬ҽǰ̫ҲոΪһ֧Ŀİ裬ʣû֮˵
ǸǸӣǸȳӣӦû˰ɣʮ˻ӵĻ˵꣬ȫʹôЦ
ǰҵĺһӣһȳӡһأѾˣҶȡЦҢ
ҢֻЦȣҲ⡣
ĿߡȻǾǵĻӽС
ȴ̲ס˵Ⱥ֪ôˣȥȡЦһвȱˣḷ́ǾͲ±ӦһҲѡƽҲȻܳԵζ
ôһ˵ҲȡЦˡ
ʮ˻Ӻ̧̧֡ʮ˵ܣ˵ˣ𣿡
ǡʮ˻ǿѹ»ϵһȫԼ
ĳܲš߳Ա߰ѹءŮǷ׷׵ͷȥɨ
ʮ˻һ˹Ůϣҹȫ˹Ůϡ
ʱĴѾӽβˡ
ĿûпգǶ࿴̫ƽۡ
Ȼ֪̫ƽƣɲòϣλŮУעĿľ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽȻòǣȴʾѣǳͿǿһۣͻƲ۾ȥ
΢΢̾˿ϧˣ̫ƽѾǵˣҪȻȢѾ֮󣬰̫ƽҲȢʵĺԺ
Ůǿʼ̨ˡ
̫ƽȥʱ򣬾͸о̨ЩԾ
ȻŮǫ̨֮̈̄׺Ȼ˲ȡ
ˣ̫ƽ󾪣æסܡ
̨׾ôȥĻǶ˳ѣûˣ֧赸ҲˣҲûȥעˡ
ѵôҲͰ׷ѹˣ
˭ֽ̨ţ
ǣε̨ײûȫ̵ֻǣǾˣ
ô죿
ô죿


75 

鼱֮У̫ƽ˸ҡҡλε̨ϣһֺƷԾ
ܼˣ̫ƽʲôǣת˸裬̨
Ȼ̨ϵĹǴУΣӦ䡣Ҫʹⳡ磬˳β
ǶĹǣȻƽʱڸڳֵġҲ֪һŽ⡣
£̫ƽ̨̬ܶף˵ĻҲˡ
ǣսеǼһȥɣ
ˮҲ˵ǰ̨ôֲȡȥһˣǶˤڵأܲÿġֻȥˣ
ǣҺú£ҲӱȽСЦЦ˵
Ҫ£ã֣۾˵
ǣĸ֣һȥ

ȥʱ̨úȻ
˭ûˡ
Ƕˣ˶û뵽ôһ⣬û뵽ǣǰλ˵ļǿ˵Ӧ䣬̬β
ͷƣǶǲסصͷ΢Ц
̫ƽǹڳǰȻǴʹǡ
Ȼԭλ˵ıݡ
ϷЦ˵˷Ƕúܺá
¶˵Ͳᷢ⡣
Ϸɫˣϣ㲻ҪΪ̨֪ΪλȻ⡣
¶ĸףϱ֪˵ʲô
ô˵棬ҲĶ̣ǲ͵ˡҲˡ㡣Ϸָ˼¶ȴ
ĸסԭϷʲô֪ˡ
̫ƽ¶¶ֱ飬̨֪׵ĵȻ¶йء
μӵŮЦЦЦЦɲ¶ģ¶ǽŲзڼ̨ô˲ϣ
¶Ȼϣɲ赸ˡ
ǣ¶ޡôڳϵֽ̨ŵģƾһǶȻġ
ϡ
εĸͻĻʱѾʱѡսˣһǶ
Ǻģλǽȷʵ顣
мλ˽ҳ˶Լλĺøк֮⡣Ӧºʹǵ˼
˵һԶԱһҪֻҪΥ壬ҪʲôõõóģӦǵҪ󡣡˵ڵһǶλɣɢǿԹұڱҪסڱϵģҹܼҵǼǣסҪ뿪ģô͸˵ټˡ
ǣϷ˵ʢƴǣҽҽڳϡΪҲȽˣ붨ҲЩ룬һҪϻȥֻ»ȥҲҪҹˣסһҹٻȥΣ
̫ƽһ˶û¶𲻴ӦһҪȥġ绹һȥء
ͬ¶ûռôĿλﶼõ˹ӵܵ뵽ڴϲߵŮܲ
ǶȻЩûѪԵϵĹˡ
ϷҲûǿǾ¶ȥˡ
ֲϵط˵ôҪûأҪȥˡǵΪʲô˹˲;뿪ôε¹ǡ
Ϸ˵ҲǲܵģڲӪںαǿأ
λﱻŮȥų񣬳ǶҪʲô
˵ҪϵĴΡ
ˮЦЦҪϵ˿ϡ
ܶǫ顣ƴ˵Ҫˣڳ׷£˵Ҫһ
һһǡ
ܾͺܶ£˵ĸܳһع͢ţһֱûлᣬԸĻϣܹĸ׽һˣһţǳԳŮĶˡ
ͷТ˳ģȥ֮󣬱ͻᰲĸ׽һˡȻĿ⿴̫ƽ
̫ƽȵľһֱֱֻ̣ȥдŮű߹ȸӵ룬ݿ£볤ΪǴڻǰ飬ǡŮм
⻰һ޲棬ҲɫΪѵ˵֪ѣǣȸǵʥϵ˼ҲʵΪ
ǳҲ˵ֻҪǲΥ£һӦǵġ̫ƽдǳ֡
˵̫ƽǿˣΪ˹ǣѵҪñϴһ𣿡


76 

̫ƽ˵֪ټȥȻʵ䷴ƾǵó⣬ôЦдŮֻΪ˰ȥ°ˣ볤ˡ
ƽϢŭ𣬿̫ƽ˵֪ƣ˵ļܾѡЩ顣£˳ӦͿˡ٣֮ǰҪ󡣱Ѿˡ
˵Ѿ쵽£ָѾȻ÷ݯ
̫ƽͷл飬һ˵ġ
̫ƽһһΡ뵽֮ǰԼҲ˿ϧȴôңް취̾һ˵ô˵Ҫ󣬱ȻȻ±ģһɡ
سŮʱû뵽ʲôġ̫ƽд
Ǿ͵Ժ뵽ʲôٸ߱ɡŵ
£Ϸ˴Լū̴ס˳ųԺ
Ժܸɾ䶼ѾʰˣԴöҲʲôȱ
ܾҪȥֹǱ߹һ䣬һҪ̫ƽͬȥ
̫ƽҲܣϣһ˶ߣ͸ȥˡ
ӽƻ裬ķȻѾˣǴɽﴵķ硣˿˿⣬˲ķ
ȴǱĽ˿ȸոճһ㣬ֱЦúϲ£죬ʱʱժһ仨˵̫ƽ쿴仨̫ÿˣơͷϺòÿأ
ܹȥһ֦֦ΧԼͷϣ㿴֦ҷϣһñأ
̫ƽֻһ׷ܣһεЦдãôòãϾﲻԼء
ΪԼңҪøЩ㲻֪ǸһңŲأֻ壬㲻֪һЩ壬üëͻˣ˵Żüͷ
ǣҲΪѽ̫ƽд˭ԸĸģͣĸĲΪŮأҵӦһ²Ŷء̫ƽд
֪ˣҾͲȥˣԼø˾
ߵȻǰ洫һС
̫ƽæסһ˲صһͩ档
ڲԶȻмվء
ϸһףǲʮ˻Ӻ
࣬ûҪӣ浱ԼǻҸ㣬һؤһӶȭͷ˵
ԣʶģ͸Ͻ£̫Ӹȥ˵Ǿ㣡ʮ˻ʢָĿ˵
вȴֻһˡ
̫Ӻʮ˻ôߣ๫ӵ𣿡
̫ƽ侲Թۡ
ҡӣЦǾֻǽҲ˰ɣǹܸᲢأ
㡭ʮ˻ӴŭˣҴ
ЦŲ
̫ƽ̲ס˳˿ʯͷӹȥǵע˹
㡭̫ƽĿǳӣϲ֮顣з
̫ƽݹȥһֽʮ˻ӣʮ˻ӿˣʧɫ
ôˣʮ˻ӡ
ʮ˻æ˵̫Ӹ硣򼱣ﲻסˣ
סˣô£Ƿдʲô
鷢ĺͻȻ̫Ӹ磬ϣˮ̫ˡʮ˻æ󿴵
ˣôʱأ㲻˵Ҫ𣿡
Բס̫Ӹ磡ıﲻסˣˣʮ˻ӾȻһ̸ˡ
Ƕʮ˻ӵˣҲһˣ
ǡտҲ֪ƾһ˵ǾԴ򲻹ģɵúתҪߡ
һ첽ǰס
̫ӵ²ҪĿɵģôһû꣬ҪˣȤЦ̫ƽһۣԼϲŮǰôҲһ¡
ҿǴĳ̫ӣңʮԴҲģڵ
еĹҧˣǸеģ͸ҶԾ˵ţһӣȱϣ
ϡһʹؽ˵ϡ
ȱģ˵ϾͺӲʯôһˡ
ɲˣѽźϣָָԼĿ˵Ǵȥұ㡣
֮֮
ʱܹ裬ŭ֪򲻹࣬Ավŵ̫ƽȻǰȻץס̫ƽס̫ƽĺ


77 

̫ƽҲ⧲ץסˡ
֮£αҪŮˣһҷϣߵ
Ҳ˳㻹̫أؽôСԭ۸Ů֮
˵ҵģǳ۾Ĳ𣿡
˵ϻ˵ܹ
ʱѾռϷ磬þŹˡЦҪҷλҲǲԣȶҹ£ѧֵҸˣҾͷ
㡭ҧгݣ޳Сˣ
ôʶģøϽ£ҪȻ΢˵㡣
ҪáҹϹ£㲻Ҫ༱ˡ
̫ƽüëֱҡͷ
ǡྐྵȻĹ
Ҫ̫ƽƴҡͷǣͲ
˵ѾˣԷܹˣ
һЦ㻹ûѧأѧôүҿһ£
㡭ˣ¹ް
ǣྐྵȻѧˣ
̫ƽһʹ벻ྐྵȻΪôĳ裡
Ц벻߹๫ӾȻΪܹѧˣǴȥֻ๫Ҳϸ߹֮ˣ
̫ƽ˵㲻㲻ҸܹСʱʲôΪǸΪܹûʲôԵģ
ѽô˵СʱйһνˣЦø˰ҪҪȥأҿӦĴһ£̫ƽŰɣ
㡭֪ղ̫飬Ȧףٻ̫ƽϸĿ˵㲻Ҫ˵˵ҺܹװףСʱҲֻǼѡ˵ˣѾҪˣԷŹܹ˰ɣ
̫ףүˣҪѧмЦ
㾹Զţˣ̫ƽУʲôأ
شЦΡ
ʱȻܵҶɳɳһӰ֮˵СӴ
ֻСһָɳһûӦ۵ôһſ̫ƽ
˭󿴹ȥǣСӲˡ
ǵӰԺл֮ȥǣȴѾӰˡ
̫ƽ˭ûп˾Сӣ
Ҳǳû̫ƽ˹
²β;ˡҲָѪ
ܹû°ɣǳŵؿ̫ƽ
Ц๫ӣֱõĻҪ̫ƽ㡣
ˣܹû¾ͺáܹҲΪ˾ң䵽УҲá
̫ƽдܣͲҪٳЦ๫ˣ๫ƤɲôƤġ
Цˣ̫ƽ㣬ֻ֪๫ӹ㣬֪Ҳ𣿡
Ȼ֪ˣãҲЦˣ¡ڻЩء̫ƽԼĲӣдҲӻ۵ĺء
ˣ䲻̫ӣҪȥ߳ߵ
˵ˣŵġˡƬ֮ʣҲʲô̫ƽ侲д
ԣȥܹ߳¾ʱҿҲҶʲôġȰ
̫ƽͷȻŴһлٴξҡ
һĪܹѾ֪ղ˭ȵģ
̫ƽûлشǵӰٴƮ˹ת«iƮɣء̫ƽǰվסˡ
ΣҶˣСӣ
ҾͲµҽ㡣ˡ
Сȴֻ̫ƽƤЦ̫ƽҾ㣬ȴǶԱ˵ĻҿǻԴ׵ġ
һϵ㣬Ӻߵ̫ɣ
һ̫ࡱ֣СӲˣ˵˭ҵǿˣղҪ㣬ܹҲᱻץסˡѧУҲ벻ķӾܹõúܣ
㲻Ҫѻ˵ôҲļҪܹģˣȻ̫࣬²
СӵһЦȻһְ̫ƽ˻С
㲻ܹܶ񣡡Ϲ̫ƽȴСֻһƾʹȥ
ҪܹôҲֲѵҪԼ㲻ܹʲôˡȻںԣٻĿܹңҪѵңȰ书˵ɡС˵꣬һЦ̫ƽͷ߲ˡ
ô죿ܹﱻץˣ᲻£᲻£༱ֱš


78 ֻ̫

ҲˣѽŭСӣںˣҵ̫ƽ㶼ˣôźѽУһ̫ƽ㡣
ֻС˵̫ƽǴһ˰˵ҪȥӺɣСӼȻӺˣСӰܹˡӺȻһ
ôأƱӰ̫ƽСҲǻˣüξȹ̫ƽ㣬ҿǵȵȰɡܽ˵
Ҳáǹŵʱ䣬СӻûаܹŻôȥӺ˵꣬ǰȥ
ȥأʵ
ûлͷȥܹһҪһ
ȥóȻȥôҵõأܼˣıӰ˹ȥ
ˣæ˵Ůܲף㻹ǻȥɡѰܹͽˣȥţŵʱҪûҵһȥӺˡ
ЦӣʲôŮܲףûиӽֻǺһȥѰ̫ƽˡ˵ˣһ˶ȥңõôܹŲأ
û취ֻ˵Զһ㣬Ҫ־롣һҿɲдԡ̬
ҡҡͷ˵Ǵӣ
ߣܸһȥѰ̫ƽȥˣǱߣСӽ̫ƽ˺ӱߡ
Ϧ£յںϣ㡣
СӶ֣һС룬ڽҨһˮԼϴͷ̫ƽһЦܹҲϴɣϵĺˮ͸ǣڲͬ
ʪˮ飬һЦߵ
̫ƽҶӣϺˮ
СӼʱģһ£ɶ࿴˼ۡ
ҾҪ빬ˡС˵ݹȥһס㲱ӣʹ㲱һɫһɣ
̫ƽӹ˲ֵ˻ȥ
͸ˡСȴӡ
̫ƽӻСӣҪͣҲһԸԸӣ
Сӽӹڱᣬ㡣Ҳã϶Ȼܹ㣬ҿɵúúˡ
̫ƽתҪߣСӼǰסúãҾϲܹң
㲻ֻ㻹̫ƽһΣʱ̲סЦˡ
˵ŮЦǾ֤ҡȻܹЦˣɼҵġСЦס̫ƽļ°ͣůĿˮ
Ķ̫ܲƽ˦֣ӣҾδԼ̫ˡŵݡ
ݣѵŵԵ𣿡СƵЦ
̫ƽԭ˵Ƿ˺ģǿʵŵͷȻһŭ𣬻ɽˣҿ̫ţŵöˣһ̫ࡣ
̫ࡱͬ׺䶥ֱֱشСӵͷϡЦݽϡʯһ㡣
з紵ǰķ˿£ס۾̫ƽ۾ıǱˣ
ⷬǻ˵İɣ
̫ƽЩ̣ͷ˵֪̫౾ԸҲԣȣǣҲԼݣ㣬ûб˼
Сӻģԭز˵̫ƽתҪߡ
˭֪ΪǳŵԵʣͱһʯͷˡ
Ҫˤʱ򡣺ȻСӵ֣ٴηס
ǸůĻ
Ŀԣ˴˶һ紥һ㡣
Сϵ㣬Ϯ
ôһ̣̫ƽ뵽СӲ̫ࡣҲᰮġ
Ȼ뷨ܿȥˡ
һоȻ̫࣬öٻŮѽ
СȴЦܹղŵĻһġܹղ˵̫ˣֺܹγʵӺܹһ׵顣
ʲôӺҪף
̫ƽƿĿ⿴
СɫܹӺӭȢԭֱȥף̫ͻҹѯܹ˼
̫ƽľЦš
СԭŪ
ȻûʧʲôǣŪĸо졣
ңӺΪʲôӺ
ǰְӺ˽̫ӺȻҪף
ӺһֱȢѾ
٣֮ǰӺųϢϲѾҲڵӺףΪӺ㣬⡣
ôӺΪҪأ


79 

Ҳޡ̫ƽ˰֣ܾúܸɴࡣ
ӺΪϣӢȻܹһȦǺԺɾδȢޡܹҲŵԡܹﻹǿٴҰɡСЦϾȻûаΡ
ղġϷ̫ƽش˵Ҽ޲ȥˣҲ޸Ӻʡİɡ
˵꣬תߡ
СӿıӰ˵ĪܹΪңŲԸ޸Ӻ
̫ƽûлͷ룬СӻƤŲΪأ
Ӻԭûа飬֮飬֮ꡣ
̫ƽΪСء
СӵһЦһԾȻ̫ƽǰ̫ƽһ
ܹǵԼǷݵͼһڵܹءСЦ
̫ƽģ˵һҲǵ˵빬֮ǰȥӵķĹôʲôʱȥ
ѾƻˣȻܹԸ⣬ھͿԴܹȥĹػܹﲻ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ѾˣҸйŮĳȥ̫㣬Լհɡһ磬Ұݼĸ㡣
áʱ򲻼ɢСЦ
̫ƽشУ鷳㲻ҪЦ
ΪʲôСӵЦݸʢˡ
ûΪʲô
̫ƽˡ
СıӰϵЦݽȥ֮ϵģһĨˡ
ϦСӵıӰúܳܳ
ܻЩġڿ̫ƽʱСӿ첽ȥǽظ̫ƽ
ʱ̫ɽû
۵ظָô˵˺ࣿ
˵ĸǸʵ̫һҪҳȥ
ҡҡͷֶʲôı̫󹬶̫һССĹʲôɱҲҪȰ㣬ܹ̫֮λҲףǧ򲻿ΪСС࣬ԼĴǰ;
һȭԼϣࡣǸã̫óң
Ц㼱ʲô̫Ϊʣѵ֪𣿡
Цѵĸ̫ʲô
ĸ˵䣬ʮ˻ӹˣŤͷȥ˵Ҫһ࣬㾹Ȼˣǲѽʮ˻ʵܣ
ʮ˻æЦ̫Ӹ磬ⲻǹǸ̫ƽίʵƻҲû취ټҵʱʵˡ
ԭ̫ƽʱݸʮ˻ӵֽдţ֪ʮ˻Ӻ̫¡
ίʵʮ˻һ
ɲϣ̫ƽ°
ԣʮ˻Ӳżٳ򼱣Ҵġ
Цʮ˻ǺӣԵܵҪһЩ
˵ˣʮ˻ʵܣԭˡ
л̫Ӹ硣飬̫ƽ̫ƻ»ΪӺǵΪǿԾ󻼣ʮ˻һ˸ɱ̬
˵̫ƽһŮܳʲôвʮˣ㲻Ҫǹע̫ƽɣҪģǶԸӺ
ǡʮ˻ӼˣȻ̫ƽ֪̫˽飬ͱҪ̫ƽɱڣѵֺ͹ﲻ֪ܶ鶼̫ƽ𣿰̨סҽӶʧܣĲзϡ˵̫ƽйء
Ŷ۾͸һ˿Ůô
ԣҲ˵ǸưĺܡȥضΪǰ·ϰ֮һʮ˻۾͸һ˿ɱڣ̫ƽסڳϣҲסڳϣ̫ƽû̫
˵ͷȥһ̫ƽ̫ˡ
ЩãȻưͣȷмɫһǳɰڲͬĸܰҵĺԺΪҵŮˣٽƻǵ𣿡
ԥǶӦ𣿡
Ϊ뵽̫ƽġ
˵ͷᣬȥϷˣһ˼ɡ
ʮ˻Ӽ󲢲ɱ̫ƽսȭͷԼ֣
ǣ۾͸ɱ˳ȥ
ҹĻ٣һƬİ
̫ƽȹӻţȻǰ洫һЦ
磬һֻѻأŮӵ
̫ƽһ󾯾æ˲ݴ
òҪˣҹ·ߣǸϷԼ˵ģɱٵˣִкӵ
Ȼ֪ҪȥҶϷǡá̫ͣƽһʲôף


80 

ã⻰ɲܺ˵ҹȥֻһʶϷˣû˼׿㲻ϡԺɲ˵ûǵк˵ǳϿң̫ƽžͺ˳
̧ȥҹɣһкλ˹
һյεĵ͸ʵĹճһҰ׳ϴ÷壬ٶնǰӢ͸į
ֻǵĨЦݣҡȣǿƺ쳾ߡ
̫ƽ֪˭
֮ǰϾ˵飬ΪλƣơȢ޵ȢүŮ
˵̫ƽʱͶĿ࿴
ةĵӣҢ
ĽΪ̫ǵǰ̫ȥ֮ǰ̫Ҳȥˡ
һӴĿĵλ֮С
֮ҢȻȳӣ·Ҫ
Ҷ˵Ů⣬Ƿˡ
Ƶۼˣ϶ҲжɽһգҲ˾裬Ңĸةࡣ
Ҿͽûˣ뿪˴ҵĹע֮С
磡Ůӵĺа̫ƽ˼˻
ȥҢЦû˵ûˡ
СĸǽжҢ۰ع˹յıǼ⣬Ǹõ۰
˵ˣ磬ҿһֻѻҰòãֵӣԲԲ˵ģž۰
ɺ֣ѻҧ˵ģ˵ˣö˶˵û㣬ΪһҪأҢ˵͸ų谮ᡣ
Ϊѻøˤѵ綼𣿸Ϊ˱ܿѻĽŲŲ˵ġվ죬Ң˵ʲôһʯͷͶѻ˹ȥ
գҢе
ǣʯͷûдѻǵѻ˾ţų򣬸¡
ѻȷǱÿԡûпղ˭ģ˶ڲݴ̫ƽۡһһȥ
̫ƽѻ˹æܿǣ¶ˡ
Ң벻ݴУһŮӣ鼱֮Ҳ˲ʲô˫һΣ˾ʹϵ˳ȥһƾʹѻϣ
Ңһصϡ
ڰһ˫ǵ۾
Сӵ۾
ԭڴϵСԭȵģҢˣջ֡
ѻҽһ˵ϣˡ
ҢĶ֮Ѹٽýݣֱ̫ƽò˼飬ĸ֣ȳ
ŵ˹ѽ磬Һ񿴵һŮӣһúˮŮء
ڵҹɫУҢһһΣ̬Ȼʵ£ֻѻίʵҲҼѻƽùܾˣ¡
̫ƽûлشʵϣҲ˵
ô˵ư𣿡ʵ
񡣡ҢһۣӲ
̫ƽĬվһתˡ
ֵĹҢ̾˿̫ƽıӰ
磬ȻѻѾˡҲ߰ɡ˵
Ң˵ͷ
ǣһǰһ󳯶Ϸ˵Ժȥ
ûã˹Ѿ˹
ѽѻôˣѹûзҴϢѾȥѻýߡ˵
˹ŵôϽѻÿ߰Ķˣ
Ѿͷǣ°ѻӵˡ
˹˵ȻѻǲǾ˵̫ƽֹ
Ѿ͸ɱȫܡֻѻܴʫĳ͸ҵġǳãǿĺܶණܿõϧˡ
ʫ˹һ
ԣְĵķʫ˵ĸ˺ֻܶѻѾ˵
˹ȻѻȤȻ̫ƽ⸽ôһҪҵһҪ⣬ܹͷ֮ޣ
ǣѾͷǣǻѣҪ̫ƽȥ֮ǰҵ
̫ƽȷû߶Զ
ˡ
¹µ·ΪкܶྣӲݣʱʱһӡ
Ȼ˽Ų
һֲõԤϮ˹
Ҫץס
ЩڣղӦøûȥҢ书ôҲͦƣӦòƴǡ
ǣ̫ˡ
æص˲ݴ
ǣݴ̫ǳûãͱѵ
̫ƽȻҵˣڻܣ˹Ц˹Ѿ͸ɱظں档


81 赶ɱ

û뵽˹Ѿ˺Ƥһס̫ƽݣ
ҹȻһ·˹
ϧ̫ƽܷҪȻһúõһ٣
ץˣ˹ָ̫ƽȵ
˭ҺץˣбǴ˹ж׼˰˹ǹҲҪعġܹ﾿ʲô㾹Ȼڳץˣ
˹ˣץ˭ץ˭Ҫˣ
ѾЦôʲôˣ˹Ҳҹˣ
˹͵԰㱾ˡҲǸʹܣʲôʸܣ
Ҳ˹˵๫ӡһҪȾҽ㡣ҿǸѾʧˣǰװöô磬˺ǸЫˣҪݺҽ㣡
ߵ˵·ƽε㲻˵ҲܹģǣལֱָѾ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣ѾļŮΧ˹סǰѽ
ԭѾüѵ˲ŮӰƽʱǶŮװҪʱͻסѾ
ȻŮ֮ɸ书ƣȻ书ҲҪЩŮӵΧ¡
̫ƽѾˡ
ΣգҪʹĶˣ
Ȼ¹֮öŮϣ
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ᣬ̫ƽæܵĺ档
ҲϽ߰ɡѾû뵽ԼѵŮôô򣬺
ǣǣ̫ƽأѵ𣿡˹ˣñȥץ̫ƽñ뿪Ϸˣ𣿡
벻̫ƽıиڰѾε˵˹䣬˵߰ɹ̫ƽҪǡ
ң˹˦Ѿ֣Ҫȥ̫ƽҾͲˣҾǴ˭ô
Ѿ˹ڣԭҪס˹ģȻһƻӿ
ѾЦţſ֡
˹嵽̫ƽǰСҪ˻ʲô£б¹ͱȥ
̫ƽһЦԸ˹дл๫·ȣ߰ɡ
ߣ˹һӣ̫ƽ˦ȥ
Ϳһ־ץס˱ӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
˹ԸˡԽǲԽҪ
ץסıӣ޷ʹͰʯͷ̫ƽҹȥǹ۸˭۸˭
ž˹ȥ
ºˣһߵð˹ˤڵأʯͷ֣ΪԷ˹ȥô˰˹Ķͷϡ
ȻֻһСʯͷǾڶͷϣ˹ʹ˹ȥ
Ѿ˼ˡ
뿴ľǣǰѰ˹ˣѾͺȥǰǰ̫ƽ״ˣӶֳ֮ͷ̫ƽ
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˵ߣܹȵһȣȥˡߣҪȻȥ߳ģ
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̾˿Բܹûá
̫ƽЦҡҡͷŵϵŮӰ룬ǽ϶һ롣
ܲ⣬ǻΪ̫ƽڼǵơϾУ̫ƽҽҽտ
̫ƽɲڲǵơ
ϵĶŮ˫ԣֻ·ҲܽܲҪĶ
ǶѾͬһ㡣
ЩɶѾ̰ǲ书ˣ͵Ѿʧȥұ----ȻѾôŮӣȻֹ⼸ҲȻһԶóһС
ҲѾһʧ
̫ƽ֣ˣűǡ
µСӷԾ£ǵıӰЦЦ֡
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ˡ
ܹͽˣʲô·ΪǺáС˵Ҫ뿪ȥӺܹ
ǡ
ߵŮԺǰ̫ƽл࣬Ҫ뿪ʱ̫ƽ뵽Ϊ˾ϧ¹ѧУ̲סд๫ӣԸңСʱҾ˺𣿶Բʲôǵˡ


82 ˭

ʧؿЦȻܹﲻǵˣǾҲ塣ܹҲͬϷһ㣬Ǳ˵顣
̫ƽҲǿٴл࣬ź߽Ժӡ
ϷѾߺüˣš
̫ƽܽ밲Ϸ˵ҶùˣֻʣˡȥôŶϲأ
֪ܲôش̫ƽдŮһʱ̰ԡʱ䣬ĸˡ
ǿһ԰ɡϷϵ黹Ǻܸ˵ģ̫ƽ˵ǶˣǴˣɫô˲԰ף
лĸģŮ¡̫ƽЦЦ
Ϸ͵ص˵ͷҨһݵ̫ƽϷ˵ǳ´ģζˣǳһѾһ롣ʹˣ
̫ƽܺˡ˵ȻĺܣҪ˵ĸˣŮȥθҲˡ
ϷȻ˵̫ƽŷҵĵӹףҸˡ
̫ƽЦд֪ŷе˭
աϷ̧̧ۣǵ赸÷ǳã׵˺ܶ࣬ҸܵҲ١ֻŷҵӣҿΪǱȽʵϵģŮոˣҾ͸Ӧˡ
̫ƽһ
ŷĴŮǼ޸Ǹ̫ŮոϯҲǳͷõ˲ٺŹӵ
ŷĵڶλжҲ֮飬Ͼռ̳ĻòǷǳ
ŮȷˣǾ£Ҳޡ
ȷһź£ֻս㲻Ը⡣̫ƽд
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̫ƽ˵ĸ˾ͺáֻŷһֱ̫ңŷҽףֻ»ᣬ󡣡
Ϸ˵㵣Ҳ뵽ˣֻŷȻң޵ֻһŮܴʲôǽܼ̳дͳǶҲܸմ⣬ʧˣҲǣϡ
Ϸ˵Ǵĺ⣬ÿһ㶼Ϊ룬̫ƽȻϵ
ң޽ûվȽŸŷҲܸҴ棬һŷҺҲûеԿѻʯ
޹ȥҲɵȥȰ˵ŷȥԸϷʡ˲ġ
Ϸ˵Ҳң˽׵˼Ҹܾˡ
̫ƽ⣬дĸ̫ӿλ
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̫ƽȻ벻ῴ뵽һǻĳģҲ֡
Ϸ˵̫ƽüλӶ㣬оةĵӡҲǹ׵˼ǲ֪Ը⣿
ҵҢ
̫ƽղţҹ֮£Ǹϵͦ꣬͸һɿƺ쳾䣬ﲻɵ΢΢һľֳ䲻̬أ
ʱ͵õĶԻ˵ҪȥҶϷס̫ƽҲҪ׵λ˭֪Ȼ̫ƽ
ҢҲǶȻ벻ҹȵλŮҪ׵˰ɣ
̫ƽʲôΪڷأϷ˵Ļ̫ƽǶ⡣ҾʹӦȻѾû䣬ǡҸá
̫ƽһڸҸͶǰ;ϣϷѡԶΪȵģȻ˵ֻҪ̫ƽҸͺĻ⵱Ȼĵģ˰ͽ֮⡣
̫ƽǸжˣдĸҸҵӲʶ껹С̸̫ˣĸ˰ɡ
Ϸ̾˿ȴܸˣȥǺεȵķȴû㾰游ϻйһνأ
죬ĸҲΪ̫ģҳһ绪ĵӣպҲȻļϣĸĿԴɣҿǸӵǸ̫ƽд
Ŷ̫ƽλҵ˵ѵѾ˫Ųмÿֻζ𣿡ϷΪɵؿ̫ƽ


83 

ŮΪֻҪһ˵־˫ŲзϣֽѣȻܹһġ̫ƽд
Ϸ˲ɵذ棬̫ƽһʮһСȻ˵ôһ׳־ĻȻڲͬԸ̫ƽµļƻһᶨ
˭֪ʱȻһ˴ĸΪҪҶһ£Ҳͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣡
ա
Ϸ˼Ѿúšūǹʰ̫꣬ƽסգһԷϷ˵ڷϢдŮȥս㰲һٽĸ
Ϸ˰ڰ֡üͷ˵ãҵʲôɲ׮£
Ϸ̫ƽס
߽Ҳ񣬿˵Ϊľܳϯᣬ̫Ӹң˭֪̫Ӹ绹ûףͰŷҵɵӣôĸ𣿡
Ϸָϵʯָԭ֮ǰĶ¶װģܺáܺá
ȻװˣȻ˭̫ţѾμˣҲװȥˣǳҿôһ߸ߣ󺰴ţ˿Ϸ˿
̫ƽȥ͸һ⡣
ո˰죬ŷǱ̫ƽʱˡưͣҴң˹
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ǷˣҰңڵŤŤȥģǣȫˣվվ
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ǡ̫ƽ˿㣬ЦŽӹԿף
̫ƽҪߡȻׯֻŻŵرϷˡ˵˹ûԲѣ浽ȥˣҪϷ˴Ϲȥأ
Ϸһ̫ƽд£
æ˵ĸûе£̫ƽûж֣
Ϸ˾ؿܣô˵ʱҲڳǶڳ
ܽŵý
̫ƽȴһ򶨣дĸ·ǳӣһѾǣûж֡
Ϸ˵ԭǻˣǸ˹ȥˣǶǶŮӣһһжŶ棬ôܲӵȥأ㲻̫ƽģǣ㵱ʱڳѾ˵ˣ£Ӧܻô
̫ƽдĸŮ֪ˣǣ˹ѾңԼԼ޹ء
˵ղųҲᵽѾѾǰ֤˵ۿʯͷ˰˹
ʲô
Ϸˡǡϣɾʹˣˣ


84 ˭

ϷˣҪɣӸϸ˵Ķͷϣеʵ
Ϸбϱ۾ȥһ󷢽Ķͷû˵
ܼˣĸҪ̫ƽ㣬ҲãĸҪ־͹Ұɡ
̫ƽæ֣ܵҡҡͷʾܲҪԼΡ
ղ̫ƽȫԹ˰˹ġҲʵΪ˾Ÿ˹˳ͻôڲأԲž
˵ʱϡôڵŮкһһɺͳǴȥǶ˵ڣ˶
Ҳ̫ƽԸ⹩ԭ
ϷˣôǱô˵ѽּöͷֱð亹
Ϸ۾һ˵̫ƽʲô£㽲
̫ƽֻ龭дȫûᵽࡣֻ˵ǰ˹Լײʯͷˤڵصġ
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̫ƽͷȷƵҪͷʲôûˡ
Ϸ˵ղ˵ģ²֤¸޹أȻὫִ˵Ǻã
̫ƽдȻҶ𣬴ĸҽеһС
ϷҡҡͷҶ󷿵ĵŮƬ֮ʾͽ㣬˶öˣ󣬶û֮ء
ܼˣҲǣҲǣĸɴˣҲò֤֤̫ƽģ
Ϸ̾˿̫ƽȸҹȥɣˣܣЩЪţ黹ûн֮ǰ㲻Ҫ¡
ǡ̫ܺܵƽ
̫ƽдãҵģͻȥɡ
ý㡣Ҹȥɡ˵
ǵô࣬Թ˶Ͼˣﻹֳܷչأ̫ƽдˡ
ǣϷ˺̫ƽǰԺ
߽ԺţͿ÷ݯڳϿԺ˰ɨɨҶ
÷ݯıǾȣƣ˳ĵø㡣
¹÷ݯһϮɫȹϣȹϴ˺ü
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÷ݯ΢΢ʱʱĺ󱳣һ
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ΪӶǲӳѪ÷ݯÿÿʱʹҽúȫҽ罻ɲ͹ۡ
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֪ǶҺܺãǣҼȻݣͲܲ¡Ա֮÷ݯǳǳһЦȻѹȴɶ˵һò
̫ƽдǡãػҽԸġ㶼𣿡
⻰÷ݯ󾪣ɴ۾̫ƽЩ¡̫ƽô֪
̫ƽ۾ﺬᣬļӿдʱͻʹҪûޣĶƫÿնҪԵЩ̫ҽģѵ𣿡
÷ݯסˡ
̫ƽдŮŵʱ򣬶סʱ㣬ôŮ˺Ͳأѵ֪Ů֮飬ϣ㲻𣿡
ģѪ÷ݯ̫ƽд֣˵ľ͸ıʼһģһʱʪ۾ȫ
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̫ƽᣬ촽ɶŽеףףף˳ԵĽл֣һ˺üΪѾܾûнˡ
ֻҹجŸһһؽš
ԼǸưͣΪ˵ʲô˭
㾿˭Ϊλ֪ôࣿ㾿˭÷ݯˡ
̫ƽó÷ݯд˭ҪҪҪమԼһ㡣ŮӣĿģң๫ӻڱ߹ܿ࣬δϣ
÷ݯҪվȣ۾ʵѵҵô


85 

Ų
ͷȥǼŮ߹
̫ƽһƽͳɰݸǼŮдԺǶչ÷ݯ
ЩǳϵĹŮúܺãԭ÷ݯͲ¡ӹɰ͵˵ͷ÷ݯɨȥɨˡ
̫ƽд˰ɻˡԺͺúڸϢòص㡣
÷ݯڼУ̫ƽľֹԽԽᡰ͵Կء
̫ƽ̾˿ͷɫϷһͷ˿ĨסɻǱҹ紵ҡסһ͸ľ
̫ƽǸ÷ݯϷǰǸ
Ϸ˵ĵ˵̫ƽʲôϵ
̫ƽдûйϵŮֻǿǰοһֻ²˳мĸˡ
Ϸ˵˵ϸ㲻Ҫ̫ǣ֮ϻۣȻ֪Щ˸ܲģЩ˸Ҫ׽ġ
ĸѵǡ̫ƽ˰
ʱߵĽ˳˫ֲǿǸŹ˹Ļˣôվﲻҽˣ
̫ƽūīǰ˵ǾǳȴԼøô˵ģʲôվﲻҽϷ˺͹ųõһūָֻĪûн̹ܣз𣿡
ԴŭСҶ㲻֪˭ǹߵ裬㲻֪߹˶ٱðҲ˺죡
ִū澣϶ŹʹīϷæ˵ˣǷˣ
̫ƽһƳվſڰй۲ءĶū¡ȻҲֹ
ֳ˰뱲εˣ󵨣ŶӵŹ򶨹ū澣Ϊ
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խС˼թһòҪݻ㡱ӣ
̫ƽôýֶͽĴԼū澣ͷĺһۡ
ĺɻ⣬ǰŽǾ߹ȥžžž
˲С˵ϣĺūӲ㣬ұ㣡
ȴʱ˳ǳֵǡʱ򰡡
Ƕס֣ĶūֶҴѵ֪ǱҪ֣ūȻùҪ߹ߺ
ĺɷ޷޲ƽ˵ҽȹҪŹǵģѵҪվ𣿡
˵Ź㣬ûпֻŹҪ֣ҲˣһܰѰ׵˵ɺڵģ
Ҳˡ
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ĸϡǴɱɱĵطˣĿūץָīĺ˵
̫ƽæסд볤ˡȷǽ˹ŹǣΪŷ𷴿ġ
Ϸ˺Ƕ˶еλݵˣĪҲѧСӴܣ𣿡
Ϸæ˵볤ˡ
Ϸ˻ǳĺɺī
̫ƽ˵̫ƽ¿ɶˣˣ˵ɡ
ӣĺɡŹ򡱽²֮ˡ
ȻҲûа취ϾҲġȷǽּǹȹŹ򶨹ū澣˵ˣϷ˶ûˣǻץסţδҲ̫ûˡ
һ˸ų˽ȥ
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ڴǰ˰˹Ķͷ˵㲻Ҫģ̫ҽ˵ûµġֻˡ
˹̫ƽңҴˣ
̫ƽ˵㻹£ףҲŹ𣿡
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86 

ˣϷҲΪ̫ƽ粵̫࣬Ϊһ˹浽˻ǰȥϷ˻̫ƽƲϵġ
Ϊ̫ƽ̫࣬ʱ򶨹Ʋϵˡ
Ͼ̫ƽ⣬Ϸ˿ɲΪһŮǣ
һϡϷǷǳǵġ
̫ƽ㻹£
̫ƽдسŮûдΪҪ򣿡
ôĵӣ֪֪ĿǻףȲ˵㾿ûŹ˹ûУ˰˹Ҳ𣿡ŭ
֮ûûû̫ƽд
ԲԳϣ¹򣬸
ҪȻˣ˵Ź˹ǿˡ
ƾ֤ģֻҪϣ˭û취ϾҲ֮ŮϰգǻҪҲܵ㹻֤ݡ
Ϸ˲Ż£ɲǱŴģ
ʹĸ㿴˹
黹ƵģѾͭ˹㿴
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⻹ôΰôô˰̣˵ˡʹ˵ֿǺݶҲ֪ôģ
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Ŀ̫ƽԶϷ˵̫ƽǶˣ˴ԭҪץġǣ쾿¡߸ִһʣҲƾ޾ݾץˡɣȴȥǣ⼸첻Ҫ뿪ˣȱһġ
Ϸ˵л
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ס˹˵ĸûãûʶܿˡ
˹˵ĸΪβҸأңȻԸͷ̫ƽġ
⻰ų˵ģǴ˳
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˹ˣ鲻ãô˵̫ƽǱˣҸ˳ҲûУǶȥ뾲һ
񣡡ȵ
˰֡˵С鲻ã£Ҷȳȥɡ
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˵ͷǸĵģӦˡ
ǣһ˳ȥѾ˰˹ڡ
߹գͶâ
Ϸ˴̫ƽԼԺ̾˵̫ƽҪίˣĸĺݡ
̫ƽԤеʲôдŮһжĸš
ûǰ˹Ͼˣڿ˵Ӻ㵱ʱֵȷڳ֪𣿡Ϸ̫ƽڴ£˵
̫ƽ˵ͷд˹ʧ棬ǻʼʧ档Ů֪
ֹ˹ʧһֻţҲҪһֻţ˲ܱסûϲԶŭ𣿡Ϸ˱˱۾ʵڲԸôСһŮôµ飬һԼصһŮ
ǣϷҲûа취
˭֪̫ƽһ㶼ûк£۾һգգƽдŮסĸҪģΣŮ۵ġ
̫ƽ㵱֪Ҫʲô𣿡


87 ·

Ϸ˾ѹֵúܣ̫ƽµò䣬֪ΪΣĸڷϣͬԿ֣˳ȰеĿˮԼһ£ĸȴܰﵽʲô
̫ƽסϷ˵֣һЦдĸҪġŮûµģҲûµġ
Ϸ̫ƽͷȻʱδ棬㻹һЩ
̫ƽ˫°ͣգ۾ҡϷ˵дĸ˵ҸӸôʲôӵģΪλȻɲԸأ
Ϸ˳̾˿Ǵҹ㣬ƷԴԴ޸㸸֮ТţԺ¶þֻǿϧˣ㸸Ǹĳչ㸸׶Բסѽ
Ϸֹƺк̫ܶƽ̫ƽҲʣοϷһдҲˣĸǽ˯ɣ˯á
أ̫ƽϷʡ
ĸĪһҪȥȰ˵սء̫ƽд
Ϸ˵ǸĵģԼΣķˣܼǵ¡
ս¹ϵŶǰȻҲҪĵġ
ãáϷ˻ޱεˡ
¹ԡµ̫ƽһЦѺյķ䡣
ͳǰԿף̫ƽüذԿײڡ
գıӦˡҪȥһ·̫ƽ˵
֨ѽһſˣ̫ƽѸٺš
ڶġ
¹ӴսԿֽűڵϡ
˭ŹǷղ˯ء
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ⱻˣջԵء
ǣ̫ƽʱջһ
̫ƽȻûиպȵĻᡣȥסյ졣
ţʲô
̫ƽдõֽ򿪸տ㲻̫Ƿȥء
ҲŲôģˣʲôıƣҸ㣬ƭҵġЦ
̫ƽȻյĲϡ
ŵɫ԰ף̫ƽȴԽԽ
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һŵò˵
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̫ƽ㲻ҪҪʲôҶԸ㣬ǧҵˡ˵
̫ƽЦдΪʲôܻˣѵ㲻ãŴһ϶໭ۣ˼𣿡
Ȼˡպ¼ˣ㲻ҪҴӦ㣬ԺҲԸ㣬УҪ޸˭ҪҪ޸̫Ӹ磿Ұ㰡ҰˣǧҪϻ
ң̫ƽЦдһ𣿡
˵Ҫҡ̫ƽã㰡׽㣡
ѽ׽㣬Ҷưͣ㺦ڷҷ͵̫ӵµĴϡԸ̫ƽд
һҪҳΪ̫ӸŮˣ
̫ƽûлشĿڵϡ
ѵ̫ƽһҹĴĥѾǷǳķֻҪһЩͻỮյǶɴ
̫ƽҪմ˵˳سΪŮˣ
µŮһģǶȻٶ࿴һˡ
ôȻΪŮˡǣȴԶòĳ谮
ֻǰװʧȥ׶ѣ֮⣬ܴϻʲôֶδػС
͵ǻա
Ůˣﻹóʲô̫ƽأ
̫ƽãֻҪҳΪ̫ӸŮˣ취˵̫Ӹ磬̫ӸҲ㣬òã˷ܵ˵˿ûʶĴжΣգΪǵĻ֮У֪Ⱳݵ˾̫Ӹ磬ζΪŮˡ
̫ƽЦ˫һðɣһΪɵǸŮˡ
ǵȾѪɺޱȡ
̫ƽѸסյ죬յĲҽûԼС
һˡ
̫ƽƣóذס
ղסᡣ
ޣٿ޾Ͷ̫ƽŲøɸɾذ״һ


88 ռ

չȻٿˡ
̫ƽһͭա
ɣʲô̫ƽյĴд
յѾˣֻ˵ܴС
տ⻮֧顣ƿ˾ӡ
ҲҪվӣպ޺޵ؿ̫ƽ
̫ƽд㣬Ҿͻܳȥ̫ܵӵĴϣΪ̫ӵŮˡֻҪΪ̫ӵŮˣͿ̫ӸΪ㱨ˡ
յ˵ͷ˵öԡҪ̫Ӹɱ㣡
·ǰôˡѡȥӽ̫ӣȥϷҰˣû𣿶ҲӴʧȥӽ̫ӵĻᡣ̫ƽд꣬͸˰ȻƮȻ˳ȥ
׷˳ȥǣԺտģﶼû̫ƽӰ
Լ̫ƽݡշŭѣҪϴ󳳴ֵȥϷˣ¶̫ƽĶУ̫ƽ˵ģ
𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
Ǹƫ̫ƽˣȻҳͷ̫ƽ̫ƽѵǰҽӽ̫һ˳ָ·ȥͶأնЩˡ
ˣһǶһİɣ̫ƽҪɱңȫڶ֣ڰƭ̫Ӵٶ֡ڳ˼֮˳̫ƽ·߹ȥ
̫ƽڴ£ˣ΢΢һЦ
ĳʳз˴ҩأӦѾǴĵ˰ɡ
·̽ģֱӴﵽ󷿼·Ȼ·ϵѾɵˡ
ʱ߽󷿼ԡˣ
ԸģϣҲֻϵùˡ
̫ƽصԼķ䣬ɫڵ棬̾˿
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̫ƽԭǵĺӣǸҲǰ̫ƽĺӡ
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ӻûмļ˻ûоȳܾ¡
˼ѹ˹̫ƽһƬ˯ȥʱѾˡ
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˵ˣֶַﲻˡϷ˷ԸԺҶء
̫ƽ˵ͷ¶һĨ΢Ц
£ܿϷ˾ͻ𾪵Ϣˡ
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̫ƽװ֪ô˵ϷѾˣôΪʲô̫ӷأ
˭֪ء̫Ӿǲϲöռ˱ˣ̫ҲϣǶⲻˣϷԭΪ˵ģǶ̫ô򣬻˵Լϲ̫ӵģϷ˻˵ʲôأԼԼϷ˾͸ˡ¿ɺˣǶҪһˡī̾˿˵
̫ƽ˶дȻ֣Ϸ˺εӢˣȻԽġ»ûдǱ߻֪ɣ
ū澿̫ôһ֣ŪЩ˵Ķ֪ˣڲ֪ҲȻ֪ˡϷȻӢϷҲֻһˡϷ˲ôֵ£Ҳͷ۵úܡǳԺˣȥϷ˰ɡϷ˿Ŷûжһڡī֮ǰǷ̹Ϸ˵ģԴ˶Ϸ˵Ĺġ
̫ƽͷˣҲ̫ġϷʲôûмֻҺ֣㻨òģȻ̫ռˡΪʲôأѵ̫ӲϲŮ𣿡
˵Ҳ֣˵ﱻˣ̫ӿīȻ˵
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̫ƽ֪Ϸ˱ȻỳϾһյˡ


89 Ԥı

ϷҲǽյģϾҲϷ˵ŮҲ
ջҵŮһҾöԶԸһϷҲԸȥйϵˣȻϷ˶ﲢɲҲһֱûжҲǸԭ
ϵ̫ƽشͷǳˡдĸŮȰ˵ս֮սʾԸĸΪµ¡ȻŮһʱͰս⿪ˣȻս˵ҪŮһ裬ŮΪսһƬģͽˡ˭֪֮ŮͲʡˡʱͷԼĴˣҲ֪˺¡
ô˵㡣ٰ͵ķٳûԿףŶˣϷ˵νȥ̫ӵķأ
̫ƽдŮҲ֪飬Ůȥս˵ι̫Ͱźһˡ
Ϸ˴סˡ
ô˵˽ﶼ˵ˣϷһ
̫ƽдս㲻˵ֻҪܲμᣬͿ԰һˣĪָľ˼ô
Ϸ˴ŭصԼĴȣȻŮɽҲȻͨ˽ܣֵ֪ܵز
ĸϢŭҲ̫ӵ°ҪǶءսԿˣ̫ռ˱˻ԣҿ˳ɾԤıõġ̫ƽдҪȻսٴôô˳ͽ̫ӵķأ
Ϸ룬˵벻۸ֵزˣΪҲͬҡһ޳ܵĸӣ
̫ƽοϷ˼䣬ȻϷ˿ʼԷˡ
ָ˵˵ġ˵仰Ϸ˾Ϳˡ
̫ƽдǶֺ͸λ̵úãĸҲиˡ
Цǫֿɰ
Ϸ̫ƽ֣ж˵̫ƽĸ֪Т˳ģĸ۸ġ
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ʱׯ߽ϷˣӺ˵ڳȺʱˡ
Ϸһ̫ƽʲôʱӺԼˣ
̫ƽæдĸȻˣŮδԼӺδ֪Ӻһ˵
Ϸ˵ǿˣ˵ڲ˹Ǽ֮ǰ̫ƽǲ뿪벽ӺΪΡ
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Ϸ˰ŰУȴ˵Ӻ̫ƽ̫ƽ뿪һҪͬ⡣
Ϸ˵üë
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̫ƽȻô˵ˣͳȥһɣסҪǵ÷ִ磬Щⶺ̫áϷ˵
̫ƽȴͷҡ˹ģдĸˣŮȥʲôӺ
Ӻ˼̫ƽ֮ǰС̫ƽܶ㿪ԶͶ㿪ԶôȥԼ
Ϸһǣ̯鷳ˣӺ顭Ϸָľǰ˹Ǽ¡
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ʱϷ̫ƽĺڷ˵ȥص֧βȡ
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ϷЦȻȥӺǳòҲӦôɡȻɨһɨһĻҲá
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벻˭ʡǸ̫ƽһ㣬áϷԽԽ⡣
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ټ̫ƽˡæ˵֧ʵǺÿ
̫ƽдҲʮһ꣬ôʵѹסЩȡɡɺӱȽϺʡ
ī˵ϷҲ벻һ㣬ϷȻôصӸѾˣϣӺܹϲϹҲԤףŹδݡ
βΣһ־ԤʾŸ߹ֻлʺ󵱵𣬶β˼̫ƽеܲ
ʲôӺ
ȻϷ⣬̫ƽҲֻȽܹ
Ȼһͣǰ
ֵֻǣվǰǸȻ
ˡÿӣϳҼѾȺʱˡ


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ˣ̫ƽһдӺôأ
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ֻ˸ߴǸסߣ߽סӸۿܹܺõسгĸʵı
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Ĵȥ̫ƽ˿ԭΪСֻ˵ġ
˵ˣһƭˣҶƭܹȻ˵ˡҾͲܹʳԣܹҪеĲŶѽСӵǻް飬˿²͸
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̫ƽ˵ҲϲͷϴӣϳŵʱͷϿʲô䶼ûеģĸӲҪҴֻβΡƽع˵ģֻҲġ
СЦ㲻ô֪ÿأ˵ˣ͵ŮӣĸԼƯƯģͷϲģǷʲôûУԵò󷽣Цⲻݵġܹôϻۣ㶼֪ɣ
֪ǣҲ̫ڣ˶ûйʡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ô࣬޷ǾϣҽܣǣǲϲЩ̵Ķĺˡ
ܹдޢ꣬Ϊλ᲻ϲЩأСӶ̫ƽǳ棬Ըꡣ
̫ƽĿЩԣޢ껪ͯҸͯ겻ôݵһ˲һգ۾͹ȥˣӵ̫ҸĻ䡣ԺҸǻʹôȥıҪôȥأ
Сˣ벻̫ƽֻʮһ꣬Ѿ
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˭֪̫ƽ˺øįǶԣڿɽѩ֮áǶ˵࿴һξͶʹһ㣬һǲȥˡ
ΪʲôС븧̫ƽܹ˵顣԰ƴƴһĳġ˱ѪԸ⡣
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Ϊ˲Сӿڳһǣ˫
ΪʲôСҪộһҪһһذģȥʹʳʾأΪʲôһҪǼǿĮߣΪʲô


91 

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ͷʪˣæٴΰɡͷϡ


92 һ

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ʱǶĺ촽ѹȥ


93 

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94 

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Ц˵ֹһ麺ˡߵһʢ˲١
̫ƽٵԴдҶˣҹҳԡϻ
æȥˡ
ʱպϷǰȴ޸ͣ
Ϸ˰䲻ңŭ䲻մҲҪ̫Źң
æסյ죬˶ʱˣ㻹ںʲôҪϷ˱㣬̫ӻȢ𣿡
ܵÿǸ̫ƽҵź̫Ӹ粻Ҫˣ
ʲô󾪣ա˺£˵
˵̫ƽҵҳȥ̫ͨӷ·ߡŽ̫ӷ䣬Ů˵ġ
ԭһУ̫ƽСŮıġ˼Լ׽㶼ҪӺԽԽϷ˹ĸΪнһУǰ̫ƽͣ
Ϸ˰Űɵ£ǰ̫ƽҽԼҪӳȥģֲñˡ̫ƽȻı£ҲȻò̫ͨӷ·ߣõˣҲûа취̫Ӷְ
԰ԼԸ⣬̫ƽʲô취̫Ӷأ


96 

˵⻰ϡ
ʵһֱ˵ֻǣϰ˱˵Ҳһֱ岻죬ĸŮ̫ƽôҲ̲ס˵ˡ
Ц̫ƽģ˭ҵŪ
ʵǰƽòԲԼԼ˵ġ
˵Ҳ˵̫ƽģ̫ƽҪն֣Ϊƫƫʱ򣿴Ҷ֪һաǵ˻
ֱģƨ˭㴦Ϊ˵ˣ
ҡҡͷĸף˵ͷŸɾ㣡
ƨĸʱֵĸˣ˫ֲָϴӡ˻Ϊղϵĳء
Ϸ˿ȥˣˣŮϳȥ
˵ߣ̫ţǶ۸ңҲϣԼߣͲˣ
æסգգɳ嶯ڻȥأ鶼ûأ
ҲܣҲﲻʲô˦˵͵ûŮɣ
ճ˳ȥ
գＱˣܹȥסյĽţ㾿Ҫȥﰡﰡ
Ҫȥҵ̫Ӹ硣տ˵Լذɣˣ
߿˳ȥ
----³һѪ˹ȥ
æȥס
գϷ˺Ϲǡ
ôôҪˣ˵Ҫһ˵𣿡ֵʵ
Ϸ̾˿лĿֻǣǷ࣬ѾϾϵ͵ûгĲТŮ
Ŷѵַʲô𣿡ʵϾгߵū澸˵ҹ̫ӷﲻˡ
һЦԭˡ
תͷϷ˵ܶ鶼ǿģȻѾ¶˾ġͻȥɣϹүһʽ麯˶ϹϵҲãԺʲôӰ첻˶ˡ
Ϸ˵ͷҲʵڴȥˣ챻볤½⡣
˵ͷôñǡ
ϷôôҪˣǲ˵ˣҪһͻƷ𣿡ȻԺ߹Ц˵
ϴʤߵ΢ЦϷֻﱻһ
ǹֻģ
Ц˵ǸϻЩ飬Ͳˡлĺˡ
ҲԲ񷱶࣬ͲҪ˼Ϸˡ
Ų˵ˡ
Ϸ˺ϴĹˣ̫ƽ̫ƽū澣Լ
ϵҲ徲죬ϰϰĴ󲿷ȣֻʪ󡣺
̫ƽͼūرߺȲ衣
ʱģ̫ƽٶŵʳ˹ȥʳ
߹˹̫ƽ̫ƽҵˣܾãԭ￴ȥˣ
̫ƽҪȴ߹һסˣЦ˲ã̫ƽǵģôʲôҿİ㵱ѵġ
̫ƽú֣߹ܹż档ƾʲô߹Ҫ˵Ѿ߹أѣֻ˵˵
Ѿ˵Ѿ׼ˣҵĹˣѡѡˣ߹˷ܵ˵
߹ôأ̫ƽϲѧǳأ̫ƽд
˭˵ѧǳˣ˵ԣǿԣô㻹ɣ߹ɥ˵
ǡ
ˡ֮ҸѾӦˣ̫ƽѵҪҸʥּɣ߹˵
ǣ߹Ҳ֪ӦעЩʲô̫ƽɻд
ܼ򵥡ֻҪܹѧϰҸ˾Ϳԡ߹Ц
̫ƽ߹æ˻Ц㲻Ҫŵġûôźġ
ʱбǴ߹һȺˣΪ׵˸е˶ˣ
̫ƽȥȻǰ˹
ֻ˹ȫŲѾū澷߹
һսݡ̫ƽ˶׼
̫ƽش߹˵ˣãˣôҲҪ̫ƽ̫ƽҵǹˣɲ
˹Ц߽Ǻ۹⣬ȻһɱΪ±ɱ𣿡
ټˣ绤ȴ̫ƽס
߹˵˵ʲôҲ⡣̫ƽʲôʱΪɱˣɱ˭ˣ


97 ˭˵

Ī߽㻹֪һʹǰ̫ƽ̫ͣƽҪɱңҺûбɱѵɱ𣿡˹˵
߹˵жţǰúαԼأ㲻Ǻúõվǰˣ̫ƽ˵ûд㣬ӦþûС
߽ƫģҿãȴƫ̫ƽһˣҲá̫ƽûдңѵҲ۾˭һ֪˵ҪΪءѵ߽㷴Ҫɣ˹ί˵
Ҳ˼úαذѷ¶أֻǾ̫ƽˡ˵̫ƽˣ֤ݣƾ޾ݵˣǶҵĵŮɲã˵ˣǸҲӦˡ̫ƽҵİûƾݵġڸ̫ƽҵء߹ˡ
߽ҪΪһˣǽˣȻˣһʲô˵ģ˹ܲ˵س̫֮ƽ˱ҪץҪ
У̫ƽҵˣҲ㶯߹Ҳǳصģס˰˹
㣬㾹ȻΪ̫ƽҪҴ𣿡˹Ҫܵļơ
߹˵ôˣôùأȻҲܵġ
ǿܣ˵ˡ
Ѿ˵λЪЪ𣬵³͹ˣȻΪֹģ÷˭ͻᷣ˭˭Ӳ
˵ţѾ⿴̫ƽ˵Ϊ߹㣬ͿӵˡдҪǶԸģ
߹˵ʲô˼һֱͻݴ󷽣ѵҲǸʼ̫ƽŮ𣿡
ѾίضˣҼʱʼɹ̫ƽˣ̫ƽҶʼˣ
԰̫ƽǸưͣѾ˵̫ƽʼѾ࣡Ѿôܶʼһưأ߽㣬Ϊ˶һû۹𣿡˹Ц
߹ҪȻ䱻̫ƽסˡ
̫ƽָָǰ棬߹ԭͳ˫˫̧ˡ
ϻ⣬̫ƽЦЦۼ⡣˵ˡ
˹ͣˡ
ݵݵһߺȣ˹
˶񣬳˵СˣǣοţΪ̫ƽڵֵز𣿡
ʹĸûУ̫ƽҵġ˹ȻŽóû˵
̫ñʧˣղŷһУȫˡ㾹Ȼѳԣɼ˵ÿһ䶼ġʧҡҡͷСȣֱǲԶˡ
ʹĸ˹ˣ仰˵ѵģ֮ǰ˵̫ƽŹңȷʵʵؿɼ
ϧѾˡΪûһ仰ġ˵
˵СΪ飬̹ʣȻƽʱԣӲ˵ѣ볤
˵ѣ̫ƽЦ
˹˵̫ƽ㲻ҪΪг㣬ΪΪ㲻Ҫ⣬һʬεģֻҪĽ˹еǻᣡ
̫ƽд߹ҲȥˡˡҲԸ⣬û⵨Լȥ
߹̫ƽ˵㲻¡гΪء
ȻСˡ㵱ǿҶ㻹˵ЩĿĻ
Ц볤ϢŭʵСҲϣΪϴε¡
˵ΪģôڲҪ𣿡
ǣūǸһ˰˵ӡҶŸߵλ¡
˹˵ţ԰๫ӽй๫ҲŹ򱾹
˵๫Ѿ̫ȥˡ˵˼๫ӲԸһ߱˵С޻̸֮
๫Ļ̫ƽʲô޻̸֮ѵǲˣҪװίˣ
ѾŰ˹ļ˵Ҫޡƶбǲʱ򲻵
Сˣûб֤ݵĻôھôͷ̫ƽˡ˵
˹ͷʹĸô˵ˣһôأֻϣ̫ƽܹõӦеĳͷ
ס˹˵İɣҲϣֵ㸸ȥġ
ô˵вˣ˵


98 Ծ1

Цҡ
˵ƾ޾ݵģҲط̫ƽǸ浽ǶȥҲǽģ˵ˣӺҲ֤֤ϵȷǰ˹Լˤġ
⻰һ˶һ
Ӻôȥ˻ˮأʵ
ǲţԺǿȥӺӺڿűȥظءó̫ƽżḧָϵǸ챦ʯָЦ
ѾʱɫһףĶˡ
ѾĽӺѾá֮ǰӺԶһֱΪӺӭȢѾĻ£ѾĸŲҪӦȿӺ˼
û뵽ֵȣֱȵķʧˡӺûκεĴ𸴡
ѾĻʱ˭֪ӺתĿ꣬Ȼ̫ƽˡ
ôԣ̫ƽǸư͡ôܸѾȣѾǴ󽫾Ů
ǣôҪƭǡ
ôˣ
Ѿָ𣬽߬ȹ
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Ѿ㱵˵û£Ƿе󣬺ɳ۾ˣЩ
ҿΪӺžòɡֻ˵
ѾԭģǶȴǲģ˭ҳģŹġ
ôأѾε˵
ȻȻȥɣﷴô๬Ů˹չ˵
ѾлϾˣ
ߵ̫ƽߵʱ򣬺Ȼ˵ϡ
̫ƽüë
ôˣæùŮȥ
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ѾȻ³һѪγ۾˵̫ƽղ˽ţҰڵϵģ
̫ƽһЦѾѪѾԼҧͷ³ģ̫ƽûйϵ
ѾҪݺ̫ƽѾ˷ĵزˣϧǧ̫ƽ
Ѿ˵˹ȥ
ѾѾ˹ҡѾ޺޵˵̫ƽɵģ̫ƽЫŮӣ㺦ôˣѵ͵òͷ绹ûй
üëʲôʱ˵ͷ̫ƽˣҪ˵ͳˡ
˹˵ʹĸ̫ƽôˣԲСģôҲúúýѵһ١ʮ壡
Ƕ񶾣̫ƽʮ꣬ôС壬ʮ嶼ˡ˹ȻҪʮ壬ⲻǻҪ
Ҳ͵̫ƽŭˡ
ȵ̫ƽʱҲӦѧ˼ʹϵ㿴ôŮ㲻
̫ƽд˵̫ƽԸܳͷڽܳͷ֮ǰ̫ƽҽһҲֲһ¸ղŵĴ
˵ȻѾԲѡ
̫ƽЦдһûĻԲأ
һϸ˿ѾЦЦʶʲô
˹˵̫ƽҪʲô㹴ˤģѵԼˤ˲ɣѪˣ
̫ƽһЦͳһö룬ȻѾʹ˹ȥ
Ѿһʹˣ
˵ǵģ㲻ιȥôѹˣѵﶼװ𣿡
īЦ˵ˣװģĿģҪݺǹ
˹ˣǡѾѾ¶Ҷˣ˹ҪѾҲˡ
ѾʱѾ֪Լˣ˻ԲѣΪһöСС廨ͻѹġ
ղΪʼ̫ƽѾûпͳ²ߣҧԼͷҪ޻̫ƽû뵽̫ƽͲʡ͵ĵƣȻó廨ȥ
СһֱʹѾܹܾͻȻ¶ˡ
˹˵ѾѪˣ̫ƽİɣ
ԼҧͷѪǹʲôϵ¸ҵطţſ顣
Ѿҷˡ
̾˿˵ֺοأ̫ˡ
ǳԭҪͷ̫ƽģȻҲôʶ̧٣Ҫݺ̫ƽôҲһͷ˰ɡýﻹҪٻˡ
볤ϢŭŮġѾæధӣ滨꣬ϧ
ǳȴûаϧ֮飬ǳ
ʱйŮ棺󽫾


99 Ծ2

ҵˣѾϣ¶Ե˷ܺȻ
򱱴󽫾涨ձȨ϶ҪĿ࿴λԼŮѾ۸
Цȱ˴Ȼȥ󽫾Ӻڿűء˼ǣѵùӺ
Ҷ˵ʲôˡ
ֽд֣ȻֽݽŮ
Ůͷ̫ƽѾڰºǰ̫ιŮū顣
̫ƽ˿ΪʲôͷأֳͷС˼ˡǶܺõģ̫ص֡
Ѿȴܲ£̫ƽô£ΪγŮҪһĳͷ
֪ԼĸѾˣѾ˵ҲӲˣе˺ܶࡣ
˵ҲΪá㻹Ǻúһ룬Լʲô»زҪٷˡȻԺɾͲƤ֮ôˡ
Ѿһί
̫ƽʲô
̫ƽȴ˳дȻûзԸܳĳͷ
˵ͷ
ǳȥӺȥˡ
˵ԼŮҪȥ̫ŮȻ˵Լֳ֧ŮĽԼŮԼԹ̵ܽģܵõ㣬ҲѾˡ
˵ô룬ο
ȥѾ뿪ˡ
ѾȻԹʣΪβܰ˵仰Ҳûж˵ֻȰ̫ܽзǼõġ
ķӺԶ
ô˵ӺϣΪýˣһ۾ζؿӺɲԸ߱ӺСѾͷһˣ
ӺǳǳһЦá
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̾˿˺󣬶ý̤ӺţǶˣѾԡ벻շĵ̫ƽСѾͷ
Ӻ˵ܹк֮ܶ
˵ҲáȻѾ¶˾ҪӭȢ̫ƽˣǻʱðʵǶ˲ƽ
Ӻ˵ͷˡ
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ӺҲǾЩΣܹѾˣȻס
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˵Լɣ㵽ȥھȥ̫ƽ㿴Ϳˡ
ĴӺ̫ƽѽӺܲӦ
̫ƽԺʰ뿪Ȼ˵Ҫдȥ׼һݱ񡣺ҪˣЩͰɡҪء
æȥհˣûþһطիĲϺõĺ̴ľϻװ
̫ƽ͹ȥݼ˳
Цӯӯ˵⼸ܿˣʵҲ֪㲢û˺˹֮˵˵Եİ˹أһˡ
벻۾ѩģ̫ƽȷ
ǳû˵Ǹˣ̫ƽҲ˵֣ЦдȷʵŮҲдѵǡ
左ĺܣϻؿҩǺöˣ²Ѱɡ󿿹ȥ˫ְ̫ѨλϣüëǷǳ
̫ƽҩӣǰ
½ɳʲôʳˣ鸡촽࣬ӦǦ̫ƽüдǣǦֶѳԵġηȥأ
һǦ
ùŮѳյʳ׸̫ƽ̫ƽд޲ס
˵Ȼʳû⣬ʲôԭñԽǦأ
̫ƽдǲǳʳϵĶ֮⡣ûгԹĵġ֮ˣ
ȷ˵ûС
̫ƽдôŮϣΪ۲һ·ܡ
˵׼ˡ
̫ƽʼŷһȦ
һ㱧¯ǰͣ
¯⡣̫ƽһţд
ɫ
̫ƽȡꡣÿӰϼгʢȥ
ǦԭǦӵóʳǦɳжѪ𡣡̫ƽд
˭ڳ¯Ǧأ


100 ٳ

ǳԾ¯ÿ϶ǹģѾʮ֮꣬ǰûг¶ôˣ
̫ƽд볤ȥһ񸮵Ա
˵ȥ顣ϴμӺκ̫ҽҲѾüĿˣһһ򾡡
Ȼ̫ƽһ͸ȥˡ
Ӻ˳
Цʲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
Ӻ˵ʹĸй¯ϵ¡Դʹĸȥ顣ȻҪݺʹĸץС
ͷ˵֮ǰ̫ƽ͸˵˵ҵҩֽšǲǹ⸱ҩѹҩ֮󣬱ͺöˣû뵽ֽţҪ֮ǰβҽκ̫ҽѾ˻ҩñҪҪκ̫ҽйһʣ
ʹĸ֮й˽ߡôκ̫ҽʹĸгޣӺʡ
ûжԲгޣ˵
ǾѱָʹȻǱָʹ㳤йʣֻҲ˵ʵ
Ǳ˸£ûв˭
κ̫ҽȻ̫ҽضǲԴģﾹȻҲᱻãɼץס˺ܴİѱȻҪǸ˾磬ڰҪȻ£ʹĸģ¼Ȼ֪ˣͽҰɣұܲˮʯӺԼظ˵
˵ͷáھ͸дһ麯ȥϷˣ͵ΪǴٳ¡
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ôһ˲䣬̫ƽѾѳӷ¡
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ǵС˵ǵƷôῴأСֻӣǳɣǴ˵еĽָģǶ顣ĳֻôһţǶˡ
ôһ˵̫ƽϸϸȥȻȻûнâȴɳ飬Ŷܸܵﴫ
ϱһȥɢĹâȻǹʶĿ۾û޷ӵġ
ϸϵ˿˿ƶܱ̳һ
˵ֻǽ̵ֵģ̫ƽд
ˣίʵҪ˺ܶࡣﱣܺá
Ҫ˺̫ܶࣿƽһЦдȻֵǣǿʶҲ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
ǰʱһλҪֻӣλɾϸһӲߵġ̩¥С˵ȥдĿȥˡ
벻СӻôĶ͸ھ̫ƽҪＯӻһʱҲˣΪ̫ƽô
ɼ䣬Ȼһߺ֧Ӳ֮ǰҪ𣿡


101 ȱ

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֮ǰԭеģ֪ܹɲ԰תңҲǿԵġŷµĿͱˡӷĪ
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ԭȰģǵһǧƱʱŴͣⱲӶûмôǮ̫ƽʽ׬ġ
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102 ϲ

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103 װ

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104 Ը

ĵʱһ㶼ǶԵģ˿ҲһͷĬڿԼָס
褺һ˵㣬Ϊ룬ǲϣֵġҪȻ̫Ӳ͸۸ˡ
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Ȼճ̫ӲƱػӺĸӡ
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ˣ벻ҲʲôȲеĵλʧܡ
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105 

̫ƽһӺ̫˰ɣϢĻᡣ
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106 Т

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107 Ҹ

̫ƽдĸףҲûдʲôʺöѡ
ֻʺôȴţЦΪӺһžأ㵱ɵ𣿡
ҪȥӺˡ̫ƽд
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Ѿίˣȴղá
̫ƽˡʱ̫ƽӺһᱨ
ŮͲࡣѾ˷һˣ˷̫ƽ
ţ̫ƽ̬ȣԺ˺ܶࡣ
ô׼£ٸӺдţӺɡȻ赭д޳ܵҪ
׿аҵŮ𣿡̫ƽ̲סд
⻰ʲô˼ˡ
Ů벻ͨΪθ׻ôҪأѵϣŮսȥ𣿡̫ƽ
˵
ϷԱѾһУ˵̫ƽӺдҲǲԣȸնϾŮϵҪȻӺҲ˲ٹˣ
룬Ϸ˵ò޵εȷ˴£Ӻ˲ٸ׼ң̫ϧˡ
ãҴӦڶǰѡӦˣȻŮ
ϷȴģӦ˲ȥ㸸ȳ˵
˵ãôĸϢӸˡ
ˣ̫ƽϷˣֱϷ˯˲뿪
ҹϡȵϷɡ
СһϮ£֮Уֵңơ
ժߵС
Ӻ˹Ųͣ
Ҫ˰ɣӺС¡ǳᡣ
СӵһЦҪңûµġֻнſΪҸĸƽһѨұ룬ûѡ񡣡
Ӻ̾˿ǰ㽻ңҪһһһƽҪȰ㲻Ҫʹ֮С֪㲻ӵġ
СӵͷƮ׹ס۾ʹӿѪжʱܷ
Ӻóһ̫ƽдҵšװ׵ظңѾܽҵס
ҲǿţӺ뿪˶û׵¡
ܲɢһˣ
СӰذǷſ꣬ǸһĨֵЦˣ𣿡
ܸˡӺСӵļ򣬡ֻ㣬Ҫϲˡ˾ͿһһҸҲˡ
СӵɫȻϲϲǶǲܵġҲֻ̫ƽΪӺӺıӻ£ܹȷƽ
ӺƱԭҪƸ̫ƽΪΪ֪Ķǡϣұӻһƽ
С̾˿ϸָأġŮҼöˡֻڸôϲأ
ӺⱭƣƺܿࡣӿƭ˱ˡƭԼʵ˭ӽܹαأ
СӳĬˡ
紵Ҷɳɳ
Ӻ˵ںڻüֻҪ㲻Ͳ̫ࡣɿԸİһ𡣡
СӿЦѾûѡˡ壬֪ģûѡء
һ塱ӺӯӺ鲻ԽرסСӣ㻹ôСҪܵʵ̫ˡҶԲ㣬Ϊ㸸ƽûá
壬ѾúܺˣҪң͸Ÿĸһˣ̸أСᡣ
Сʱܴ𣬵ͷ䣬ѪȲ̵һĻٴθ֡
ʱСӾͷģһҪ
Ӻ̾ϢпܣԸһҸ
СЦϣҸӭȢ̫ƽһƽ빬ǰһԸ
ӺĬˡ
СסӺ֣壬Զڡ


108 

Ӻ˵ͷãҴӦ㡣ҿԻһƽȴһҸΪҸ㡣
һҹ紵֣ҶӶˡ
գϹү˸ʾնϾһйϵ
Ϣһ﷢һȥ
㲻ǴӦҲնϾϵôһȥͷأնôףĺأﱧסĴȿ˵
̾˿£Ҷô˵Ҳûа취ҵȻۣҲܲΪһ롣ҲҪ̫ġһñķʽֲյġ
㶼նϾϵˣʲôʽֲ̫һֱȢգô͵ڿȥһϣڱȥĳôôݣ۾޺ˣ䶼һ飬ڰǵòͷ
̳ĺŮմСǸ߳ģ̳񻹷ԹҲϾϵѵ˶𣿡
ﲻŵؿ񣬡˵Ķԣ˵㻹ǾöҪǵĺҪǿ͸ˣԭƭҵģ˵ҵҪģǸûУûУ㸸ĸҪҪԼҪ
﷢һһ˦
ˣУҪȥϷǰŮˣҲҪǣôҵҲܹˣܹˣ
𣿡Ҫţס
ȻܵϷǰ󳳴
ϷԭͲãôһ֣ͷ۷˹ȥ
ŭһ⣬˰Ѻȥûҵ˭
ķˡ
ȻЩ֪Щն£ûж˵һ䣬Ҫ˵ˡ
ܱ˵ˣ͵϶ү³ȥϹү۹¡ۺû˵ﶼûѹסĸ׸ιȥˣֻ³͢Ѿ˴޵¡һֵĹټ˿»ͨ
϶ү̾˿˵»֪ûУ
֪Ҳǳˡûв͸ǽټϳ͢ϻôҪЦء˭֪ǻ᲻ܵǰһ״ءܱ̾˵ɲǴһ˵¡ŻҲǶϲˡ
Ϲү˵Ҿյѧ͸¶ң˵αַǳأ룬ܹȥ֣ضؾ棬ڻǰһӡ󡣾ǲ֪᲻Ӧƽ̫ڹ˼ңԸȥֻܱȥˡ
ܱ˵ȷǸò¡֮ǰֵĶŷҵˣҲŷҵõģȻ͢·ʺӣҲŷ̰īȥ˵ġôһʲŷһø𣿡
϶ү˵βһΪαߣ󳼶ȥմȾ۵ĶŷȻҲǲҪȥġ
ܱ˵ԭˣǿôĲ½簡
Ҳ֧֣ǾôˣֻӦˣ֮鸮Ͷ¾ͽˡѸߡºܶˡϹү˵žͿͷ׵ͷſԲ
ǣһʹܱ˵
ʵΣ޵ܱ˹ųȥġ
ܱҪټȣܱıõľλ
صķɴ
¶۾˳ܱ͹һ԰ɡһܲҵҽκĽšû˫ȣ绹ôȥ
ԴзϺ½½ʮλˡ̫ҽҲˣ޲ߡֻǡܱ۾¶ĺˣǺһȣһģ
¶ǿޣҿŮ
ԽԽˡ
ū澰Ժᡣ
̫ƽ褺һ顣
褺˵㱻ʲôˡ
̫ƽһ˫鱾̧̫ˡװֻΪ˱ɵ
褺˵ѵ׵ڻ᲻𣿡
̫ƽд褺ܵܣլ̫ˣҪľҪָѧҵѾûȥѧϿˡ
褺ͷĬ
ɲã㲻ܷѧҵ̫ƽȰд
Ҳȥ褺˵
ѵ㻹𣿡
̫ƽĻ䣬پ͹˵үѧûˣ


109 Ҫ

ˡ
첢ѧ壬˵ǲؼҵġ
ʵϣΪѧ붨ȽԶټȽϲѧãһˣҲ
ȴǰ֪Ҳûоͻˡ
˵װĶӻˣܸˣóռ̲ˡںӱ߰ϯף
ȴ
ԡλؼΪĸͽˡ
ձ̫޷ݵ˷ճֵúܴǵ˶֪ˣȻѧãȴҲϲͷϢġȻҲһ˵ˡ
ˣ̾˿˵棬էġȳ극ٸ˵ɣȷ˴£ڱˣʱܹ
ףȻĴ£İ֪ѽôİأ˵
ҪֻǾȶ淴ǣҲΪðҪģòãǺεȵºģ褺㣬ûôأȥˡ
ＱҼһòãҾֻһ档
̾˿棬ôôأ
˵ףѵôһ㶼Ը𣿡
Ը⣬ҲԸ⡣ȻϷ˵
æӭ˹ȥĸףôˣ
Ϸ߻̫ƽ
̫ƽ񣬿棬ûκηӦ
̫ƽдĸܵôˣѵ֪ս㣬Ӧ𣿡
ϷһӦ棬ôѧѧܶ𣿡
ԭϷǺϲģһͳҪϷʱ̫ƽĹ£褺㾭Ϸߣ˺ܶϷ˻ĵ¡ʹϷ˶褺ԽԽϲˡ
֮ǰ褺˵ѧ۸ˣ档
Ŷ褺ԽԽţϷҲԽԽǲûôˡ
ǣûж̫ƽϷǷǳġ
ӣӱҪԵӵսġ
һ
ȥΪ̫ƽ̫ûдڸУҲǴҪ̫ƽʲôġ
ȻϷҲ˵档
⻹ǵһΣЩϰߡ
æ˵ĸסջؼңأЩҲġ
ϷЦ棬ɱսһˣĿ𱰣ʶ
أʶϷ˱ˣʶضϷ˺̫ƽЦҽһ·ȷЩˣĲ㣬㲻Ҫ⡣
̫ƽЦЦ
Ϸ˵ȻҲҪһԡ
æͷ˵ĸ˵üǡĸ׵ȻҪˣؼҲĸ׸˵¡
˶³
Ϸ˵ˡܵ褺Ҳ󷿾ôһֵܣҪ׽ЩŶԡ
̫ƽд褺㲻ҹ
һװʲô֪Ѿʼˡ
ѧ涼ô۸褺ģѵ褺㶼ѾϷ
治ϣ¡
ѧÿ۸褺㣬涼в褺㣬˵褺˵ȥ´ξ͸ʹ褺㡣
ÿ褺㶼ŵὲȥ
ҲΪһֱôȥ
λؼңһжˡ
ﱻղˡһֱ۰Ϸ˶䵭˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ̫ƽͬ䣬ʮ꣬ȴǳῴ
Ϸ˵𣬡Լֵܣʲôģʲô˵͸ˡ
˵԰褺ô£ˣ褺Ҳ档
̫ƽд褺ܵû취ѧǴ褺㡣褺ѧöȥˡ
Ϸ˿ӣĸףûС
˵ǰ̫ƽôܺ˵˵أ
̫ƽдûк˵˵褺Ըҵġ
褺ôԺ˵˵ݺأæȥ褺
̫ƽϵ֮ǰ͸褺˶Բߡ
ҪȻִֵܸһʣϷ˭أ
Ȼ˭Ϸݵø񣬾˭ˣ
Ȼ褺һ棬װŵȫӣǰ磬㲻ҪңҪңҺú£
һʲô
̫ƽæȥ褺㣬ܵܣ˵ɡ
ǣ褺㲻ûĴȴȾң˵ˣ´μңһģ


110 

̫ƽ֪褺ǱƵúˣŻ᲻һݵô档
ˣһ߿褺㣬˶
ϷҲ̲סԷ褺۵˵褺㣬ҵĹӣôˣ
褺ؿڲͣس鴤һ滹˵粻Ҫҡ
Ϸ˺һۣôܴܵأûдܵܣܵôô㣿һֱô㡣벻ġ
һʱסȻˡ
˵ĸףôΪ褺Ƭ֮ʾָأ
ס죡ƫҲƫ̫ûˣ褺ĵӰϷ˵㾹ȻһŶ褺߹ȥҸ㣬褺û¾ͺã¡Ҫ
Ϸ˵꣬˷褺㣬Ϸ˺̫ƽ褺һ뿪ˡ
ˡ뵽ղһŵȷߵ̫ˣɵЩڡ
˵ûд褺㡣
ͷ㣡һǳô£ˣˣתˡ
һ˶ӵķʢ
û뵽Ͷ̶̼ûлһоȻ˷츲صı仯
Ǳ˳谮ļϵģϷϷ˲ϲգȴϲúܡ
񣬾ȻϷ˵³ľǡӡ֣
ʲôʱϷҲôˣ
ˡѷ˶ˤ˵ϡ
褺ķϱ褺޸ͣҿĶӰûô࣬ô˿ǵӣȴӶ磡
Ϸһ߽üͷһ
ֻ̫ƽһߣǷɵġ
Ϊ̫ƽ֪褺û¡
һж̫ƽ褺ݵһϷ
褺㾭˱蹷ҧ󣬳춮˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ǻȥˣȻݵô档
Ȼȣ褺Ҳǵ̫ƽüεġ
褺ڻԲѣȻװģϷ˲֪Ϸ˵СôޣȥȻҪӰ쵽;ˡլģҲٿȥˡ
Ϸ¶˾ģѼһдȨϹӴϵȨһ˵бһϵй涨
Щ涨ȨģҪÿμ褺̫ƽ֮ǰûйġ
滹ǲġ͵͵ͨڼ
￴ԼİĶӹˣǾϲһ濴ֿ
ˡˡ
Թû¡ǣ棬ôڹϹأΪȫϣˣҲϷ˲ϲˣ㻹ĺôѽУߣߣôģ㲻Ҫòã
ͽ㷢ô¡ôܲأǹǵġʮ꣬ϳɣܶҲû￴ôͨ͸
ǲȣɵˣᱻץסѱġѧȥɣѧòȫĵط˵žͰơ
Ƕˣһ˴ȫĵطʲôأ˵ˣϷ˰䲼˵бļҹ棬ÿλҪ̫ƽҵĵλѾȫˡ
ʲôǸ̫žǳսȭͷ޺޵˵ӣ㲻Ҫȳȥȥ常һţתˡ常ضܰ㡣
常ʲôʱ常ˣôһ㶼֪һ
ȥɣֻ常ܾˡ˲ᡣ
Űɵ뿪ˡ
ǻû߶Զͱֶ·ϡ
СүõʲôѾŵš
Ǹңǳ
ҪϵСүƭȡΣ˽ֻūҲˡû뵽˵ļǣСүĲϷ˵ķԣ˽¼СүΥҹġ̾˿˵
̫ƽģҲˣ﾿ʲôҪعΪĶӡȥôأֱ׳˵
Сүѧѧô࣬ѵϲסֻūš㲻ӦóƺΪ෴Ӧصϡйȥϳ趨ʡûУСүϷ̫ʧˡʧ˵
˵ڲǳû𣿺Ҳ˵ˣˡ
һ£Сүţ뽻ҡס档
ΪʲôҪ㣿


111 

ΪϷ˷ԸдţҪȸϷ˹ĿϷͬ˲ܹȥ˵žҪǰԲˣСү
˵ôĵӣ𣿡
˵ūҲǷ¡
漱ˣϷ֪ڶֻⱲ޷֮ˡ
ǣȻǷһšŽ
СүǺοأֻ־Ҫ濪졣
֮¡ֽ
סˡ
ĺְȥ֪ǷŲܶˡ
ѾˣڻҪ𣿡ɫȵ
æͷūҡ
뿪ˡ
̫ƽ褺Ϸ߾Т
߽Ϸˣū²ǰѸղź淢¶˵һ顣
ϷüëʲôȻ˽ȥҲǣΪαƵôأ
ֹ£ūĴ
ϾӣϷ˾ѾϲˡҲھͲˡ
̫ƽдĸŮãŮ⣬Ϊģ˭֪˿ܡ
Ϸ˰ڰ˵Թ㡣ҲΪ˲ࡣ
褺˵ڣűȥˣˡ
̫ƽ褺дܵܣϸ룬ʱôðô蹷ô蹷ҧģ
褺ʧ˵ý㣬벻һҾͿʼͷۡ
̫ƽдͷΪֹ¡õˣ㿴ǷҲûϵ
褺̾˿㣬Ҫʧˡ
ûϵܵܣŬһ룬Ҳһ죬㴥飬ĿԻء̫ƽ˵ͷ
飿Ϸһˣôû뵽أ
ĸ뵽ʲô褺㴹ͷɥ˵Բ𡣶Ҳôʧˡ
Ϸȴûһ˵ֻ蹷褺ԣ褺㲻ͿΪӶȥһ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷдĸһð취ģ⵱ʱĻпܼȴļ䣬龰֡
Ϸ˵ֻǡ취ȽΣա
ǰĸһʧأ蹷ٴҧ褺ܵܡ̫ƽд
Ҳ¡ֻҪҳ࣬Ըһԡ˵ˣôػᱣҵģԲԣ褺һɵ˵
ϷԥȻкܶǣ˭Ҳܹ֤ܼܲʱֹķ
̫ƽдҾá»Ӧһĸ׵
Ϸ˵˵ͷϲǵҵġ
ԴϷ˰ѶĴȨ֮ͨͨϾæµϷϣϻǺܿͷˡ
˵취ǿҷԵġ
Ȼ褺£ǣϿ෴ԣϷֻʱƻ
̫ƽдȻˣӦø棬ʲôϵΪûˣ϶ͷи߹棬ҪȥҵǸˡʮа˾žǷų蹷Ļ֡
Ϸ˵üë˵üǡ˸档
ֻһʱͰ಻סȥˡ
ܱûؼңӴϡ
ΪϵԾд档
ˣҲܻ˵֪ȹϵŮ
Ͽ˵ҾôһŮһֻŲзˣһֱĻ䣬跹˼šˡܰȰȰͺˡ
˵¾ҵ£Һͬ顣ϧڣǸ˻ң⡣ȴҵ
˵£Ҳ˵ˣôҲһʱ֮ľò˶ãͻųġ
̾˿ֻε£ûô򵥡
˭ˣ˳
Ӧ磬ܵˡ
ǻ
æ˽ȥɫ԰׵ڴϣ۾˽ȥ
㣬ôôˣңͺˡˣԼսҲȻ˿еŮӣ󣡡
˵õܵܣӺǵ˾̫ƽ̫ƽ֪𣿡
˵Ҳô˵һǲţ̫ƽʲôʱôˣһư𣿡
ɲһư͡ҵֻȾǱġıˡ
Ļ䣬⴫һߺ棬ôˣ


112 

Ǹոմϻؼҵܱ
ܱȹ£ÿλؼҶܱ˳ͻؼҵġ
ܱԺмңиﻹܱһӣǣܱԴ֮ƺȤԺҲ¶մ
ļƵģȳҵ
ʱܱ˵常ҹ㡣ﻹдһҽ㣬û뵽·̫ƽ˽סˣҺãҼǡǷţû䵽ǵС
ܱ˿ڲ裬˵ܴҲԼݣǸܳɴµġ˶Ըֶ
۾ʪˣҽ㶼̫ƽѾ;ĩ·ˡλܲԼһأ
ܱ˵ͷ豭ˣæԸϡ
Ҳ֪ˣֻȥʵ˵ĶԡڱڷܱȷųҪáܱ̾˿˵ųһ̫ƽӺأ
ѵ棬Ͳᱻ̫ƽӺ𣿡ʡ
֪̫ƽֺܳǣٳҲ첻Ϸ˹ԺͷĺˣǲΣյġӦùĵ㣬̫ӲԸȢ㣬һӾͻ޷ݣͻӰ쵽ѧҵ;취̫ΪܱŲ˵㵱֮¡
Ȼ򣬵˵ͷ
ʱ̽ѾϢϷ˶
̫ƽڸϷ˴
ʲô澹ȻȥܱˣϷ˴ŭѵǰܱܱȥҷ蹷ݺ褺㣿
̫ƽдĸݹ֧ôֻ蹷ġ˶常͵˭ǣٻҲ蹷˺褺ġԣֻж常
Ϸ˻Ȼ򣬡̫ƽԭ֪ˣΪβң
ĸƾ޾ݵģ˵һˣΪ߼޻أԡұҪȣȵʵĻᣬĸԼ֪̫ƽд
Ϸ˿̫ƽæ
һֻǰܱģһ벻ȻҪӺҵӣʵǿɶУһҪңϷŭ
ĸɲ̫֮ƽд
Ϸ˵ͷ游ǳϲܱܱ游һӦ
Ϲү谮ܱϷҲǷ˾ţ֮Ϲүת⡣
ܱ磬Ϲүݼڣϲܱ
ȻϹүʹˣ˥ˣʱ־Ҳˣǣڶϻ˵Ȩġİ£ϷҲΥ
̫ƽдĸ£ԸŮ޸̫ӵ¡
Ϸһ˼ǣѾһ޸󣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷдǸ绢
ϷüëУԲУ
̫ƽдѾӺӺ϶ףĸҪӦĻͱٸѾ룬Ѿͻܾ󡣡
ϷЦ̫ƽ벻˴ϻۡǣӺףܹܾأϾӺһܺõķѡ
̫ƽĬˣһʱȻϷ˵˼
ʵҲϣӺһ̫ƽ֪ף㲻ܾܾϷóһ麯ǳΪӺıý
̫ƽӹ˺󣬰ԾȻΪӺý
ѵӺ
Ȼ˼Ӻףȥܾ˵ˣӺ˾ӣǻףĿ㣬ʵûʲôҪҪܾġʵϷҲӺΪġ
̫ƽû취ֻдĸȻӺ˾ӣ̫ӽԹĸǸӺһ̫ӵǻһҪľӺΪӺܵǣ̫ôŹأҪӺһ𣬾һҪӺΪʵۡûб·ˡǾ֪ӺЩһֱ²ģΪԻλ⡣ȥǰ̫ӻڵʱӺΪǰ̫ӵĵܵܣǰ̫ӣǰ̫ˣӺͺʧȥĿһججعӣҲϲãܸѶ֮أ
һϯõϷγѣ̾ӺԸλҪȻҶȻܰѶ˸ϵ
˵䣬˵ϷˣոյõϢ̫Ѿȥ˶ǶүҲβȥˣ


113 

ʲôϷһ˵ܱҲȥˣ
ǵģϷˡ˵ū澹ƣǶүٳ¡
Ϸ˵˵ͷɶ
̫ƽдĸϢŭδǻ¡
Ϸһ̫ƽкθ߼
̫ƽƤһһϷ׹˻֣ó֮ū澶¡
̫ƽȻдĸȰ˵游ǰȥ̫Ӷ游Լ常Ҫ̫Ӻ˵游һöȥġ
϶үһϲ֪ܱҪύ̫ӣϹүȻŭΪ˶ǣ浽ҷȻܱȷĳԶΣ
˵ļԣҲٸꡣضʬǲܻһλүϲǣҷҪôΪȨҪôΪʬǡ֮ǰܱһ־ӣʹү֪ܱҰġܱǰȥ̫ӶүڹȥȻܿȷ䡣үҲܱˡưƣϷɻǿϣ
ôĸȥȰ游ˡ游ľĸĻˡ̫ƽд
Ϸ˴Ӧˣ̫ƽˡ
صԼ䣬̫ƽūǶ£ԺĴ£֡
Ϸɫ࣬ʺ£
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˵ͷ׵úܡ
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ӺͬѾ빬ˣлġ˵
̫ƽͷлᣬȥСӣΪҸҸ֮ϵáҪĶһʱòˡ
Ҽ˻ȥģﲻļֻҪܺԼΣˣʵǷݵͼȡҼҲֵֻҸڸˡ˵žȻһЦ
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лģһġȥ
ԭ̫ƽϷȥȰ˵ϹүȥܱϣϹүܱ̫ϴӶͷܱΪƾܱ֮ƻֻҪ˵˵ټϾտıݣȻסϹү
ټϹүܱƫȻҲ׷̫ƽŲôɵϣϹүϡ
̫ƽҪԼ֡
ֻϹүĸоʹˣŻӷ蹷⡣
̫ƽܱȥų蹷ô蹷˭ųӺ褺⣬ͻ᲻ˡ
ܱ֪̫ƽҪȻӺ̫ƽĴûᡣ
Ϊ֮ǰ̫ƽضܱ·˷蹷
̫ƽȻ϶ү蹷ҧˡϾ游̫ƽھ̫ƽȰ˵Ϸ˼ǿĸ١
蹷ϮҲǳصġ
ΪЩ蹷ҪҧϹүԼϹүȻ᳹¡
ϹүҲǻ˴뱲ӹٳˣ鲻ʼٸߵ˾ܱ
ϹүƫܱȨҲö뿪
̫ƽҪ빬̫Ůˣ߹İò˵ģ̫ƽĸڡ
̫ƽҪ빬֮ǰ޷֮գöҲزȥ
ԣ̫ƽһӰնݳ̫ƽ֪ڲûôֻһһ
ֻǿµ֣ܲܳɹأ


114 

̫ƽԲٹϢöڶȥݺ󷿵޹ˡ
һߣϹүϷȰŶǰ̫ӶϷ˸ɾǳʱҲ̫ӶϹү
Ϲү岻ãһֱչ˵ϷˣϹүϷˣҲϷ˵Ļ
Ϸһ˵Ϲүǰˡ
Ϸ̫ƽĽ顣Ϲүȥ˺ܶһɳܶవϹү
̫Ӷܱ
ԭСһϸܱߡ
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ǰûҶܱһУӡ
Ҫڶ̫ƽģٳձܱʱϲͻҲӦõӦ֡
ȥܱ̫ƽҪӶĿĵؾ̫ӶʱܱŲɵġ
̫ˡ̫ƽڵˡܱæȥѲغõķ蹷ų
ڽ⣬ܱ˺ܶ๷
Щԭǽģġ
ΪǱɲԴͷܱץһֻ蹷ĹȾϷ蹷
˷蹷ǣһҧˣ˾ͻزȥ
ܱЩ蹷ȥ˺ҧ褺ˣЩ蹷֮Ǳ˿ɱǷӴܡ
ܻصǰʱܱؽţǶ
Ѫɽ
ܱûκλ·
ܱǵãЩܶ඼໴ʱ򣬾ͱܱܱǡ
ǶΪܱܰ
ΪʱܱԼԣҲ뾡취ҽȥҽĹǡ
ҲܱܺãܱĽŲһ𡣹ͻἤصſڣֽġ
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㻹û͹ȥҧ˵ģΪ˷蹷Ҳǲյˡ
ʱ˸ֻܱʣֻˣҪҪһֻʱܱذ˰֣ҪȻҪʲôѾ˲ѡ׳ȥĬĬӦǰһ»رҵ֮
и߲˲ᣬ̲סԹȻˣΪκö˶˵Ƕòأ
ܱίչ˹ճӵġ͹ǵĸǱѰ
ܱ˶ײû۾ʪˣ˻ֵ˵ˣҵȥɡ
˵˻ǵСճͱ㱧ţдԸιҩҪˣǣĻﾹȻ˹ˣ㲻ҪһС𣿡
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̾˿˹ѡ
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ˣܱˣ˵ǰ֪۰ЩǣѾûа취ĽӵǣΪľһǶȥ
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̾˿֪ûа취ģ˭ǹأ
ߺȻ𵶾ʹ̽Լࡣ
ǰ⣬æסߡ
þ˵ˣϲǣˡǣСڵòǰһСܱ֪ˣΪСûйǵȥҧˣͰСǶɱˡԤϡ͵͵һֻһȥҲĿˡ
ʵҴӦ㡣һȥһպһķǰ㿴
лл㡣߶ˣ۽Ǵʪġ
̾˿߻⡣
һа̫ƽļƻš
ϹүǰȻͳֻ蹷Ǿҧ
Ϲүŵòᡣ
Ȼǵƴ£蹷ǶˣϹҲûг¡
Ϲүܾˡ
ܱʱˡ
ܱ˫ſЩʬϣûһᡣ
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ǣסܱһϹү˵ܱĻ
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Ϲү˵ĸ˵̫ӶôҲ̫Ӷأ
ĸףܱһжˣЦû̫ӶĸΪҪƭأѵЩ蹷ĸģ
Ϲүһʲô˵û̫Ӷ


115 

ܱ˵ͷ
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һ̽ĵͣ·ߡ
̫ƽӣŵϵѪͷ蹷ʬ壬ء
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ԭʱְǵܱи̫ġ
϶үˡ·һ٣ܱǲòŻȥġ
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ְۼˣЦܹģܷʲôҶҡ
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ܱҲѾ³ҾǼϸˣǲٻصܱˣҵֽ˹ֻйˡ˵ӴԺҾɡ
ҵԣɲҪȻĳֻʼɵġ̫ƽЦд˿١
ˣǲȡЦūѽ
̫ƽҡҡͷȻϵĶ˵ʲô
˵һֻճõĹ
˵ëɫúںúڣ͸ղȥķ蹷ëɫ񰡡
ɫ˵㿴ûֻСֻСڵĺӡСڵһѣֻʣһֻˡǰһֻСңҪҲܹȥ
̫ƽһд˭ộɱһС


116 ʫ

˭Сߵ˵ܱǣȴǵ÷蹷
̫ƽȫˣдΪ˻֤ݣܱѹǶɱ˶𣿡
˵ͷ
ôֻС˵ġ̫ƽд
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С̫ƽУ̫ƽ۵뵽ԼĺӸճʱ̫ƽûбﲻɵ÷һ˿ɬСдǶɣҵٲԵġ
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ְĽȥ̫ӶûãѾҪ뿪ˡ
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ĺæ˵⻰ʲô˼ǹӰᣬɲ˵˵˲ӭǹǹ߾ˡǹ̫ģ˼įˡ˭֪ķ¿ηΡ
˾ߣñΪûд֮𣿡˵⻰ʫĴѾߴơ
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ܹ⣬дˣܹôأ˾ǿˡ׼һЩӢիĵģԣȫûһﲻЩĵġʫЦ绨һ飬ǺƤЦⲻЦ
̫ƽдȻ˵ҾͲˡ
ȻҪˣҪܹһ֮ǱЦ鸮۸һư𣿡ʫЦˣôá
̫ƽûлشĺ뷴ȴ̫ƽסˣʾĺɲҪ˵
ʱְ˽˵ʫĻô˵ôأ˼ܹԶع㻹˵˵Щʲô¡ȱʡñЦǸûйصġ
ʫְά̫ƽﲻÿȴȻЦţҲǸչ˵ҲҲܹϲʲôҾܹﲻϲԵĲ㣬Եõˡ
ǰүӦ֪СǶԿ˷ǳ΢ġϧάʫ
֪ͺãˣûУҲһ衣ͷɣУ֪һū澡һᣬܹȥǵնְķԸܹҽն˲ܹ￴
̫ƽĬĬ߶ţԭĺӽն
̫ҽ𣿡ʫί˵ĪǾչ˵òǺܵ
ְ˵Ҳ˼һ˿նĲǺõģĪնģûôˣ
ʫίضҪˣ벻ְľȻ˻ô
ǣʫϲװк˳ȥ
ְҡҡͷ̫ƽ˵Ӳ£ܹ￴Цˡ
̫ƽдôڿԴȥ𣿡


117 ĸ

ְû뵽̫ƽļΪ̫ƽΪκߣŮǿķǵģЦȰꣿ
ȡ̫ƽܸɴؾܾˣΪְʵǺȲȥ
Ϊ˴֣̫ƽְĺʫˡ
ְļ̫ƽ˹ִֻôԼӵķ
ԶԶءͿһӣ̫ƽֻó涣ҧһʹҪĺӰӰ
ĽŲˡ
ǰʸѪܵӣ࿴һĺӣˣȻĿԽӽĺˣ
İССڴϣ۾ͷ϶Ǻ
̫ƽ֣ȴͣ˿УȻˡǲһΣʱǲǾͻѹ
찡̫ƽȻ죬һΣԶҪѰɣԸĺӣһһ
ƽĵļ̫ƽһİյĶͷ
Ạ̊́ộְľȻҲ׶ѽ
ӵĲûкãҿεġ̫ƽ˼ְ֣û취ֻ˵ǾͶлܹˡҲƣѵ̫ƽΪ
̫ƽʼҽˡ
̫ƽһˮŵİյǰȻʪëšɣնĶͷϡ
ֻֻʱİ취Ϊİյܹ׵ȥ̫ƽҪһЩҩơ
Ϊİͻ̫СҩЧرҵҩ̫ƽҲǲá
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ΪҩζǺܺúȣİһŵҩζͰͷƲ˹ȥ
̫ƽŷӣһȸİһڣȻѸٵذҩιȥ֮Ǹİһڡ
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İճҩԺ˶Щģþ˯ˡ
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Ѫˣİ˯úܳ
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ʱ̫ƽ׼õ˹Ȼһιն¡
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ְİһжû뵽̫ƽչİչ˵ܵûʱ˵һ仰ûпһۡ
ְϣ̫ƽչİգΪʫİǲģְĲڵʱʫʱ򻹻Źİա
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ְ˵İƽڼȱ㣬ܹܹ棬ͺˡ˵ϲ˵˼Ҫúðܹ͵û˵ɡ
˭֪̫ƽȻ붼ʹӦˣдİίʵɰҿͦ۵ģһᾭģƽ׵ҲҪʱϾˡ
ְļ̫ƽӦˣ˼ˣǵǵģܹ˵öԡ
ô鷳㰴ҩӣȥóļҩİѹʱԾͿˡ̫ƽҩӵݸְģְĽӹˡ
̫ƽģʫҩֽšĺȥš
̫ƽҪ֤İڵʱȬȻԼˣʫҩֽżӺİա
Ϊ˱ӡ˯ʱİճһ
̫ƽظİղ˵ҿĺӰΪҪ㣬ʵ첻꣬Ҫ㡣ȴʵûȥ㡣ҵĶӽԺҪǿ·ҪѧԼߣ֪㲻Ҫ뾡һа취ġ
̫ƽȡ־ŤŤ˼֣Ȼֵͷϣ˻Ƶ˵̫æûʲô㡣͵͸ļ񣬴ӽԺ׵ʱ򣬾ͿѵʱԸ˿ڣҪʱԸᡣҪףʲôʱʲôطﶼһֱ㣬֧ġ
˯İյƺڻӦ̫ƽĻ
󣬡֧ѽһſˣһū澻Żŵܹ˵ˣܹĺɸ˴ˣ


118 Ϊ

̫ƽ߹ʱְĺūɵڵϣĺģվǿյġ
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ĺ˵ģūû¡
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ȴҵģֻǳĺϵӣʫȭͷɵսˡ
ƾʲôʫǰװʫ֣̫ƽô԰Ūأ
ǣ̫ƽѾܲ³ʼĩˡ
ĺ̫ƽū澣̫ƽȻỤš
̫ƽҲ뼤ŭʫϾҶ֪̫ƽİ˲ɼ̫ƽǹİյģŭʫʫΪйߣ̫ƽ֮󣬾۸İأ
̫ƽֲһֱİգ̫ƽסںǲܵġ
İֻһ꺢ӣܵеùսթʫأְĻţְҲʱİյİ
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֮ǰʫûжİ֡ΪʫԼҲˣʫһΪӶְġ
ְûкҪ檡
ֻǣӵĹ̫ڼζҪǿİĲܹӦİֲʫģʫĶİаԣʫĥˡȻͶİִ
ʫҪӺİգİռûл֮ġ
Ȼˣİջüֵʫİ¶֣ǣİյСͷʫֶλǴ´ġ
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ˣƽʱôģĿ𳤣֪ܹǿ㻹ôûòʫ
ƿŲ⣬ˡ
̫ƽȰдѾ֪ˣ˾һذɡ
Ҫܹ飬ҽձز㣬ҹʫƤ̧顣顣
ƿˡ
ʫ̫ƽЦ̫ƽã˵ԼҽտҪʶһˡɲɵһһ͸ҿ
̫ƽЦŵ˵ͷ
ʫ̫ƽԺϲ衣
ֶ裬ݵ̫ƽ
ȵġġ
ĺó룬ȴ̫ƽ˻֣ʾⲻҪ
ٶʫ
̫ƽǳĵذѲȥĺһ߼üŪ۶װû
ʫ룬̫ƽԼء
ǸõĲ裬׳̫ƽʫ˵
̫ƽԸʫʾ죬̬š
ʫЦܹɣʲôᡣҵôһŮûнá֪ɲԺ
̫ƽŲأʫǰ˵ѵϰˡ
ʫʵиãֻʫŮƽʫ۸ýˣںܶ˶֪
ϣ̫ƽȴشӦˡ
ǣʫԺ㰸̫ƽһأ
̫ƽһһʫ˵ˡ
ˣ̫ƽãҽˣиˡʫ̫ƽ˵ӴԺǾǺýãֱ˴ˣͬиͬ
̫ƽЦдܹҵҡ
ְʱ˹
ʵְĸղһֱͤй۲ǣʫȻĺ̫ƽˣ治ѣŮôһӴӳ˱˽أ
ãҸҵĺã̫ƽʫһõЦץ
ְĿ̫ƽ


119 Ĵ

ղ̫ƽݲŵְҲˣܲ
ֻǣʫ棬ְĲñֳֻЦܹദǢԶԼܹء
ǵȻġãʮ⼸һݳܹһͬȥϷ֪ܹܲأʫЦʡ
̫ƽ˵ͷдáĸҲӣֻǽôˣܹҲ˼ˣͽҹˡ
ǵǣ̫ƽҽܹﷴԵˡҵĲǡҽ̫ƽͽʫɡʫЦһá
һ̫ƽҪˡ
ְ˵ðɡ
̫ƽʫдʫҡ
ʵʫܲϣְ̫ƽֻǲ֪ô裬̫ƽԼͣʫʹӦˡ
ְĵıԵúΡ
̫ƽǲ˺ʫ˰̱Ҳˡ
̫ƽɫһ£İգͷһԸĺȥЩߣ̫ƽҪԸİշ·
˭֪ڰ·ϣ˾˿Ⱦҡһ֮˺Ȼ˳ס̫ƽ
ķӣ߿æŶȥˡ
ȴҲ߿˫ֽذŽӵĸܸϡ
Ķ̫ƽܲ
̫ƽߵѾīȥ׷ʲô顣
̫ܿƽ֪ˣԭһգΪ岻̫ã߾
ֵֻǮȥ
̫ƽһɫ֪ⲡ岻ãȥˡ
̫ƽ¾ȥβ
ɲ̫ɡīȰ˵
Ϊִ³ѾǺ̫ܵƽȥܻ֮ᷢʲôΣա
̫ƽǼҪ½ȥβ
ѾǱ̫ƽ˽ӡ
̫ƽ½֮󣬿ǰ˫ȶһһһ֪ǳûԱĽѾЩ߲̫ˡ
ص˵ϳһܴŧ
ŧþһȭͷһƤ죬ĻɫҺ塣
̫ƽһ֪ŧжġ
ϴŧԽԽأ֮˾ͻᷢȡ
Ҫ̫ƽõŨƣȻϲҩٸڷһЩҩֲκˡ
̫ƽ߲ûдʲô뵶
ⲡһʹӣ̫ƽҲЩĲ̡
̫ƽԼͷϵķȻû𽫷һ֮Ȼ÷ŧˡ
Ȼŧˮֱⲡ˿ûиеһ˿ʹ
ΪŧȳܵҲ׷׶ÿ
ߵļѾҲ̲סҪӡ
̫ƽƺʲôûзһһ򾲵Сظⲡ˲š
ŧȫɾ̫֮ƽʯͷһЩҩȻ󽫲ҩⲡ˵˿ڴ
ܿⲡ˾;˺ܶ࣬ҲûзˣԼˣ͹ϵظ̫ƽͷлܹܹ֮ҽ
Χ۵İҲޡ
̫ƽд֣ī˵ҼҹҲ⣬ֻôûеõӦеľΣػաʱҷַҩϣຣ
ǲ⣬ôã
ѵ齵ˣ
˵̫ƽȥ
أ¾ӣƵ̫ƽжš
ղžµˣֻڶеһӰˡ
̫ƽҽԹۣ
˽̫֮ƽ·
ֻһ·İպ̫ܶ࣬ƽҲǳ
С㣬ѵİ̫ˡīҲǸп˵
طĹԱ֪ô£Ȼð˵ز̫ƽ߿дϧʱֻôࡣ
ﵱ棬ŮбԸһ˺ΣʵѵáǰǵīԽԽ̫ƽˡ
ֻ°ˡһҽѵǺЩµ̰к𣿡̫ƽдŽѾߡΪ˴£Ҫƾ£ԲԼĵ¡
ǡūӦ͵
ص˵ܱѾֵüɹˡ
ԭϹүһȥȥϷˡЩ蹷ǲϷ˷ųģͲڶϷΪҪƭ
ϷܱԼ๫ôʱͲµܱǡ
ǣϷ˰˽⵽ܱպг
ܱôװ⵹ģʱ¿ͷ˵ȻϷ˲ϲǶԸЯһ뿪Ϸ˻Ҫһݺ
˵꣬ȥʰȥˣ
ôϷˣ̫ƽд


120 ҽ

ϷѾǶˡ
ԭܱãϷһȴʲȥ
ΪϷһʱҲ֤֤Щ蹷ܱųģϹүУ¾͸Ϸ˷˵ϷŰӡ
Ϸ߷߽ӣȻ˹ȥ
̫ƽˡ
Ϸˣˣܰ㡣ָϷ˸˵ɡ
Ϸ˿
ܱϷ֮Щ޶ѹ˼ʮˣҪܱĸ˵ˡ˵Ϸܲأ
̫ƽϷ˴һдĸαΪɵԼӣҿ常飬׽ļɻȥϷ˲游ܲ࣬ϷһԼ˿ʵ游ȥ飬ֱӽ常ȥˡ
˵˵ö԰ϷˣͲֵʲô̶ȥ˵Ҫ뿪Ǿ߰ʱߣԼԼͣ
Ϸ̾˿˵˵ö԰ôû뵽ءҾͲܱѵܱܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵𣿺Ƕˡ
̫ƽ߰οϷˣǱ߾ȥϹү游ԭЩ²һС˵ġǣЩ蹷˭ģƾ游ӢزվܲѲ游ġ游ȥ飬Ϊ游ࡣŮҲ游ṩһǾЩ蹷֮ǰںδȻѾ˻ʬˣǻǻټѭģϾǷ蹷ʲô¡֤Ҳҡ游ǰصһ֪ˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷͷǵϹү̫ƽ˼ǣܱ˷蹷𣿿Ϊʲôأ׵ֶôáʲôҪӺأ
̫ƽд游һǱԾ׺ݵģĺܶ¾Ͳ˵۹ȥģУ谭ľĵˣǸòãҲǸ׻ĸס
ϹүľȻ벻벻
̫ƽȻѾ˵ˡˡ̫ƽǵ㵽ΪֹϹү̫ѹ
ʣµľͽϹүԼȥ飬Ҫôܱ̫ƽϹүӢ˰һԴҶľ
ʱ̫ƽɴ˵ĵص㣬ǷַҩȻвٰѾˡ
̫ƽˣзһ
κõǸӹˣ̫ƽ³ӺĲҩūǽôʹýҩ
ѾǵĽʲô˹Ȱ˵̫ƽصȥ
̫ƽûһСŹ
ҽȾңҽȾҡۿܹǸСŮ̫ƽǵȴƬ̡
ˣңˡСŮһץ̫ƽ־Ҫ
СŮϺ̫࣬ƽץסʱ̫ƽ䶼СŮ·Ūˡ
ѾСŮֵĶ̫ƽϻصȥ
̫ƽܾѾߵĽ飬СŮǰˡ
ûԶ̫ƽһ긾Ů
Ϊ̫ȣ긾Ůߺߵ
̫ƽǸϽ첽ǰ˼¡̫ƽߵŮߵʱŵһɺصȳζ
ԭ⸾ŮˤˡΪ̫ȣ˿ѾЩŧˡ
ҸĵǣкܶӬѾɹˡ
ڵһʹӡ̫ƽҲЩѹ
̫ƽдȥץѹӢ
ѾϾȥհˡ
ڵѹӢͬʱ̫ƽҲûͣЪŸŮѲӬߡ
⸾ˤ˵ģ̫ƽ鿴˸˵ƣͶְŸŮѹͷӻȥ
ܻЩʹҪһ̣̫ƽһضԸд
ҧͷĴ£û
̫ƽһְֻڸ˿ڵ档һְֻŹͷ棬һš
ֻꡱһ˵Ĺͷͱ˻ȥ
һʹ֮󡣸˾;ý࣬ҲǿļˣΪϾͿվˡ
ʱСѹӢҲˡ
̫ƽѹӢĥĩȻڸ˵˿ϡ
ѹӢֹʹǿԶա̫ƽѾ߽
˼̫ƽҪߣҲվ
л˾֮˴źһ̫ƽͷл
̫ƽæֱʾл
ʱǲҩҲõòˣֿ̫ƽһƶĸŮǳж˵лҽ
Ĵʰͬ齵
̫ƽѾ¼ַҩģԼҪߣȻһ˳ס̫ƽ̫ƽ͹


121 

̫ƽϸһǸղžĸ׵СʱȻ¹򣬺ֱֱͦġ
˵СʵҲС̫ƽԼҲʮءС￴Ҳ߰ˡƶ˼ҵĺӣҪʵС
ĸ׼ƶȻɹ¡κĸ׵ĲԸΪţһһΪūΪ澣飡СϿ˵
̫ƽϸСȻСǾֹ֮ȴԳȣһ˫۾ѩѩģʵƶࡣ¾ƾĸһ֮Ҳ
סС¿ͷͷ϶ʱѪ
ٲ˵СˣҼҹֻ֮ľ㣬㷴Ҽҹˡ
ʳҲ޷ȥˡҲûһ֮Ϊڿ죬ʲôܸɣҶһϣ㡣СƤӻëԼһ㶼졣
̫ƽдôʲô֣
ﶼСġС˵ΪҵʱֵĻţ֦ͷ㡣
˵ʫһ֮ǰѧ飿̫ƽɵд
ﱾǧ𣬻ʫ䣬ʶҲѧ˵㡣С˵߼侹Ȼûһ
С˵С֣붨һǸϸأ
̫ƽдһǼϸأ
⡭һ˼
һǼϸôǾǸ˼ʧԹ۵α֮ˡ̫ƽд̾˿٣ĸһЩӣС˰ɡ
ˡ
̫ƽīСĽȥϼ棬̫ƽԼӲռࡣ
ǰûлȥЩ֪յôһ档
ŽӼǰ̫ƽֿһЩջڽͷ·ߣǿ
̫ƽ·һڵʱ򣬷һϸһưҨˮˮͰˮѾƷڣȥѾܺˡ
ȵȡĺɵõ̫ƽָʾæǰסˡ
ϸһʱ̫ƽʱһŽˮ
ԾˮȥȾֹ̫ƽЦԽŽˮ
ϸ˿ˮ֮ϱɾ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʮֿġ
ллҵĴæϸ˼ֱӸ̫ƽϹˡ
̫ƽæϸ˷
ΪѾ˽ӣ̫ƽҲ뿴Ƿʲô飬ŻЩնʧ
̫ƽٽسԭ̫ƽΪسһЩǵ߽سʱȴسǵĴ϶ǿյġ
ԭӦֵĽͷȴֻмֻè˹ҳԵġ
ٽֵһЩҲرŴš
̫ƽЩƵʱ򣬺Ȼ·ڴһʰá
̫ƽϽĺɹȥʸס
õĿ˹ˣʮֺ棬µһ
˭ôеǲµò𣿡õļ̫ƽѾǲǱˣҲЩȵ˵
ﵽ׷ʲôˣĺʵ
õƺ˵̫࣬ϽȰ˵̫ƽߡ
õĲִٵıӰ̫ƽӦкش顣
̫ƽѾһȥ̫ү
ΪһļĻҲҪ취ȥֹġЩ̫үӦ¡
ǵ̫ƽҵõʱȴ̫үȻس
ɲһ顣
̫ƽԭֻǹһ۾ߵģȴûô򵥡ûǲġ
ϧһŮӣֻȻȥ̫ƽ
һ̫ƽƿһŮװУ
ֻһƮƮϹһ壬һһֻϹһĨˬʵЦ֡Ҵһ˸ȥ֣벻ܹﵹֵĵһˡȻǽü
̫ƽЦЦдԭ˴سǵƫԶôˣ
ܹ·ҽβѾȻˣ˵˱һ·档͸ܹˡ˵žͷߵ̫ƽǰ̫ƽ˵ܹǺģԽԽϲˡ
ˡ۳ҽ⣬ԹˣĽüءҲֻǱһֻ˿ȸƾһ֮ҪЩգȴ졣̫ƽ̾˿д
ܹѴˣܹ˵֪Ƿ԰æ˵
̫ƽдҵȷһЩѴԸЩ𣿡


122 赶

Ȼˣд˵㻰ظ˵
̫ƽдҲⳡɲô򵥣顣ǣ̫үšܹȻǲ鲻࣬ҼδҶһʱסˡ
ǻð죿㲻ҿ԰һˣҼ˿ǹܲҡɣࡣһӦ
ôҴлл㡣̫ƽһϹ
ҿɵ𡣡æס̫ƽЦҲΪ˰աҶΪѡ
̫ƽЦŵ˵ͷ
ˣ̫ƽȥɡｻңһϢҾȥ㡣˵
̫ƽдһжҪСġ
ʲôҿǸҸϹսˡЦ
̫ƽˡ
ص̫ƽϴ꣬ˮ
̫ƽˮ
ˮһԹԭȥϡǶǳ˷ͷġ˭֪ս޳̫ܵӣǸ֮ۡǰмǽõĹӡ˵˻ף˭֪ˡˡô̯ôһ㣿
̫ƽдҲ𼱣֮ǰ׵ŷҲûˣ㿴ŷӿﶼϷ˵ġڲҲǲ𣿡
ŷһܺڣȻῴս㡣ˮֻ
̫ƽĥдãСĻӿڳ⻰һĸˣҪѵˡ
˵Ҳʵ飬սѾ̫ӵŮˣϷҲ黹ŷˡҲ֪սôģӢŷӲҪȴһҪ޸̫ҡˮ޷޲ƽ˵
̫ƽдⷬһΪŷӴ򱧲ƽ˼Īöŷ𣿡
ЦˣֻǾ¶ѡˮˡ
̫ƽЦˣдд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޡúαԲأⱾҲ飬˵ˣϷ˼ȻѾŷҵ˻ȥŷӻ᲻ء
ô˵ôأˮĬϲŷһ¡
ŷȻӣˮҲŮŮŵϲûʲô׵ġ
ŷӣȥϷ˽һŷҲԸýԵ񲻾Ͳ˻ˣҴ׼Ҳرɳˡ̫ƽд
̫ƽ㣬Ŀϰңˮ˼ˣĿԼ޸ŷӣôұΪ̫ƽţҲԹ޻ڡ
ʵϷ֮Գٳû˻ҲǴ⣬ѩˡϷ³ŵҪˮ߼Ϊֲ
ˮֻһ۵ŮҪ߼̸ףΪյ£ǿԽ˳ˮԸһãϷȻӦģ̫ƽ¡
¾ŷǱ߲ϴӦŷȻӣҲ˭ԸȢġ
֮ǰŷӿеգҵӣˮıȴʲôûУŷôῴòƽƽˮأ
Ҫˮ˳޸ŷӣǶı̫ƽҲǰ첻
ֻ̫ƽ֪ˮıԡˮύ̫ƽǿ̫ƽڶеλ͹ʸˣ³֮ˮ˭졣
̫ƽҲˮԸء
̫ƽҪ빬֮ǰôһ̫ƽһ˵ǰ첻ģˮˣ̫ƽܲأ
̫ƽд÷ģ°ϣֻҲҪˮøţˣˮܹڳ֮ǰ˳ͷǿʯͷҲˡ
һ˵ˮֻȭͷصϣҧгݵ˵ˡҳҪɱϧȰĸĸԸ⶯ֻԼ㣬ǿҽѩװ׶
ˮıҲѡĸǱȻвͨģϾﱳҵΣĸҲҡˮÿԼְҲҪԼȥűİ˵ǲǣ
̫ƽôһĶˮ˵öԣҪŻģ̫ƽôɡ
̫ƽһЦӻеݹȥһҩдһ׶죬ŽҩС˱
ˮⶾҩ˸߲ңл̫ƽ㡣
񷱶࣬Ҷڷ蹷һ£˭ûоȥ˼ʱֵĺûᡣֻǣϾҪΣһй¶ˣɾͱ˳ˣ˭˵¶Ҳ˵ȥ𣿡̫ƽд


123 

û⡣ˮһھӦˡ
ˮˣ̫ƽǰԼɫԽԽÿˣҲָĲˡ
ʱư͵ʱ
̫ƽдһͨҩȥץ
գҩͼˡ̫ƽ˿ʼĿ
оư͵ҩ
ѾǲҴŵ̫ƽ㾲ĵ˳
̫ܿƽ;ˡ뵽ϿЩҩû
̫ƽϱ㿪ʼʡ
ſڵѾˣϽȥæź̫ƽ
̫ƽֽϰԼҪдѾǾͰֽдҪ󣬸æˡ
ЩѾ߶ʶֵġ̫ƽǷͷȥҶӦ鼮
Ϊܶҽ˴˶ע͵ģ̫ƽҪӸϳճһҩ
ûãڡԺڸ鼮
ѾҲǵͷÿҳÿҳغ˶ԡ
̫ƽҲûţһЩܹϵҽҲ﷭˳һҳһҳزţõҩľͼ
ڻ첻ˣ̫ƽһܱܾɵϣȻҵҩ
ҩ±עһ仰̫ƽǼ
ЧĪҡ
˼Ҳ˵ҩǿõһҩ
ҩûЧĻôҩҲͲˡ
̫ƽҩеҩĶ׼ȻʼҽеļѾǲаơ
̫ƽҩȡΪ𽣿衱
һҩĶ𽣿ȴǸ
ΪƵĲλںĻҩЧǺѴﵽλġ
̫ƽҩϵļؽ
ҩĵȽϷ׼ֻΪҪñƬƣ̫ƽҲ˵ȥұƬ
̫ƽѾǴһЩƬ
ҩĶ׼ˣ̫ƽ㿪ʼý𽣿Լβ
Ϊ˱ƬҩŽ֮һζ
̫ƽŬԼ侲Ϊֻ侲ʱᵽҩЧΡ
ܿ졣̫ƽĺȻйɳ嶯
ƺһɿ˺ܾõʯͷͻȻһ
ָо̫ƽ˷ܣΪ֮ǰڷҩʱ򣬴ûйָо
̫ƽصƬ̣ںıĸоȫʧ֮󣬳ŷ
Ȼ̫ƽû˵̫ƽȴķ֣Լĺû֮ǰôɬˡ
⡣ǵһηý𽣿֮Ч
̫ƽҽ˵ģÿշηý𽣿衣
̫֮ƽоԼĺԽԽˣҹ˾ʱ̫ƽ﷢ϸ΢
Ȼ˻в̫࣬ƽԣѾһ漣ˣνľַ괺Ҳˡ
Ȼ̫ƽеЩϵ˶ǲ֪ġǶΪ̫ƽһֱưͣʵ̫ƽѾ˵򵥵Ļˡ
ʱдسﰲúõصһǰ
ϾǴҹ㡣вϲһˣͻȥ˼Ѿһ
ѾȴֵֹġľסҲ˼Ȱ˵СҪס
ѾõľǲıģȻ
̫ƽҲǡ˸ǶңԤЩ
ȻﶼּζΪҵԭеȴûζ
Ϊչ˺ߵѾǣҲѾǶַ̫ƽҡ
дѾǿʼسдģ߷õ顣
أзһЩ
лûȷ֤ݣҲóȻʲô׼ȽЩ֤ݶռȻһ
Ϊ⼲ûеõܺõĿƣҲ뾡취ȥس︺ƵĹԱ
Ϊ£һļͻӦĹԱӦԡ
Ϊ˿Ƽķ͢ҲǮӦʹõġ
ǵȥЩʱȴһЩ衣
һЩǳ͢˾Ȼǰ֪ежһ뷽跨ûа취ȥ
Ҳǳصģ͵͵ظıԲߣĿȥΪе顣
̫ƽĵ黹ǷˣΪٱ¶ˣб㱻˸ˡ
еʱȴֿջĺܶණȻ˶ˡ
Ȼ˿ҪвС
ʱѾҲǺܵеİȫ׷Ȱ˵вҪٵȥˣҪ鷳
ȴӼˡ
ҲҪм˵ȻҪԣڹ˽ҶҪȥˡ
ѾǶĬȻԸҲûа취
ɻãѵͷɡ
̫ƽϰȻ


124 ת

˵ˣҲҪȥѧϰˡЦ
̫ƽдЦҲþЦˣѵʲôϲ£
ˣûϲ¡Ϊ˲ЦġǱ£ҿɲԸЦ
ЦЦǺ°˵úЦݶҪ˱һ̫ƽд
̾˿ڵĻ֪˵ˡһܸˡ
̫ƽ񰵵Сˣ
ս̫ءúͲáҲ֪Ӻһ֪˵Ҳûʲô£Ǹ㣬ϹүѾ蹷˭ŵˡ
Ϲүˣǲܱ̫ƽһٶȻ찡
Ϲүٶȿ졣ҲǶѣҪϹү֮ǰܱ蹷ľص㣬ϹүҲôͲ˵
һȦԭΪ˿Ұ̫ƽЦдˣ֪ˡ
ˡ˵´μҼʱӦѾܹ˵ˡ
һȡ̫ƽȻ˵СӾûа취㣬ӦҲȥ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȥŵܹ㡣
ˡ̫ƽһǰȥϹү
·ϿϷ˷ļѾ˼̴ľӣ̫ƽͣ
̫ƽд涼ʲôôô㣿
Ѿ˵Щϡ
Ϸһ򶼲ϵġô̫ƽһ
Ѿиԧ˵Ƕү˴شļ㣬زϷǳϲү˺ܶТϷˡ
̫ƽһȻܱ͸Ϸ˵ģ
ԧͼѾˡ
˵ү˾ֻ֪¶ԴֺϷˣϣϷΪү顣
̫ƽҡҡͷдܡϷ˺Ͷ常ԨԵһһϦ£ϷѶ֧ȥˡԲΪϾ͸ı⡣
Դʣôүѵ֪ˡӴ˿ʼТϷ𣿡
͸Ӳˡɽ׸ģơ̫ƽ˲õԤУд߰ɣ˵
ûзת̫ƽöڶ
ϹүڴȥеǽϣһϺͼ
̫ƽһ⻭ܱ
˵ʵ˵ĺ˵ŻϹүУȷܱ˫ȫ
ȻҲʫģɲܱôͨȽսӦսڼʫŪ¡
ܱϺͼǰӿʼܱ͵˵ҪҹԼաΪġ
벻Ѿġˡ
̫ƽϸһȻǷϺͼϻܱӡء
ôܱˡ
ǣܱĻѵ϶үѾԭܱ
̫ƽãϹүкĻ˵ãָҪһ¡
̫ƽ˵Ϻͼȫġ״ǾǷǳ棬ҲʧģǶ常ȴرܿ⣬ġƣд⣬ͱ÷ǳɼ常ʮġ֮
˵òҲ⻭ãԾ͹ˡ۲ŻҵǱˡ㸸ƽڴˣϲ绨ѩ¡Ҫ˵ɲã绨ѩ˷˵ľ㸸֮ǰõǡսɱеģ⼸ֻѾɳҲǲܹȥˡ϶үȻһص佱ܱ
̫ƽһЦ׵ȷкܶط常ģʤġТġ⻰ŵܱΪαսթûТġ϶Ӻ
ϹүһЦҲ⻭ã⻭úá
Ϲүֲֻ蹷¡̫ƽдϴη蹷һ£游ɲüĿˣ
˵Ƿ蹷ѾˣǶһģǲ֪ôǶȻͼıӣЩ蹷ģѾηɱˡϹү˵
ʲôϹүȻһܱ֮
̫ƽϹүǳʧƾϹүˮƽܲ鲻ܱĻʹߣϹүȻô赭дطŹܱ
̫ƽĸҲ˵ˣ޹ءԣ͸һˣӽԺٲЩ蹷ˣͰڸסŰɡϹүܽ
̫ƽˣܱʲô
⼸̫ƽרĸԼβ벻ᷢôһתۡϷҲܱ˵


125 

̫ƽҲ˵̫࣬Ȼ˻̫ƽϣȥһд游أϿжأ
̫ƽշŲҩҽβ£ҶѾ˵ˣúܺãΪǶ˲ٹ⡣ءûд󳼸ȥֻ㸸ҪȥҲڻǰ㸸ȥѾͬ⡣վͻήּίǰ֡϶ү˵Ű˰̫Ѩū߹ס
̫ƽϹүƣ̬֮͸뿪ˡ
ȥʡ
̫ƽдȥϷˡ
·ϡ̫ƽ·褺ķ䣬˳ȥ˿֪褺㲻վҪȥѧˡ
ΪϷ֪۸褺㡣̫ƽĽ£褺㻻˺ѧһʦȥˡ
ԣ褺Ҳ˸߲ңҲᱻ۸ˣʦ飬褺Ҳø
̫ƽЦд褺ܵܣϷΪȡģҪϧҪ˷ѹúö飬ȡΪԼΪĸףΪ
褺˵ͷһģ㣬Ҿ᲻뿪̫ƽ㡣
Ӻɷ򣬱Ӧ־ķѧɹٸҴǸˣ̫ƽд
褺˵ѧɹͷһ¾Ҫ취κ̫ƽƼ̫ƽ㻨òѩϧȴƼˣʵ˲
ģѾܸˡҵⲡδؾǻ¡չ˺ԼҪǿء
̫ƽ褺ֱ󡣾ͽϷ˷
ĸ䶼Ѿں¯ȼˡ
ĵζ̫ƽ˿
ԹζţһžͿԣ֪Ϸôܵˣ
̫ƽд˵ʲͬϷƫζǾġߣļ㡣ҲǿĿǼõġ
ϷѾˣ̫ƽ
̫ƽϷ˵Ļؽһĸ
ȻлϷû
ǣϷȴǿԸоõ۵̫ƽͷ˵̫ƽ㲻ҪΪηŹ常ʵǻΪѽܱ̫ûǶ֧ˡ
ĸ˺ˣΪĸ޲أ̫ƽǵд
Ϸ˵Ѿǰȥ֣뿪ˣ游ˣҪһжܱѾʾ˻ϣܱݴһҪְıְλҲܱʱӹܡѾӦˣͲһʥּˡ
̫ƽֻúܱĶѽ
ԭ常ҪҸǰ֣ΪҸףҲΪ˶ΪԼѽ̫ƽдǶ常ų蹷ҧʵôܶҸأʱҲѽ
游ѾӦˡ˵ˣ常ǲ϶ģܱ˭û취ѽϷ̾
̫ƽ̾˿
ܱǴúⰡ
ڱȾ˲زˣܻȴøʧһô½ٹ飬ӮöعջԻͣʲôã
ܱȻѾְλʱͻ棬ʱ˾Ϳ˳ضһУ
񲻹ǰȥ֣ͷȴǸܱ̾ͽǰ̣ϧһֱܱĺõܵܣ
ǰֵȷǾһŷҲмȥΪαʵ̫ˡЩ̫ƽεΪġӱӹĻڰ
ʬǶѻҲ̶ð
ȥΪ˻۹ֱͣΪҲܱ˵˹ûʣ
ĸСﰡ常˵˹ûʣԼôȥ̫ƽ޷޲ƽд
Ϸ˴㸸ҲҪȥܱһ㸸ʱȰҲȰס
뿪Ϸ˵ķ䣬̫ƽصġ
֮ǰ֪ܱǸƲ磬û뵽ôܱĵһν֣ˡ
ʱ̫ƽյеš
˵Ǹسǵ̫ƽʾϣѾߣǰȥлϡ
һΪ²Ҳ˳ɢһɢġ
Ϊжӷ㣬ôۣ̫ƽѾǰ·ͨ˼ҵ·
̫ƽԸӷؽ뵽һЩط
̫̫ƽݵİǣҲɵظѾ죬ܶĻϢͻᱻгˡ
̫ƽ֪ˣԭ̰ǾȻѳ͢²Ǯƶ̰īˣسǵļòܺõķΡ


126 ֪

Щ˲İûǮβҲǵòӦľȼá
˵̫ƽȥҷЩ̰ǣҲǺµҡͷֹ
˵̫ƽҲˣⱳһ̰١Ϊֻ̰ͨ٣ôͱ˽ҷˡ̰ȴȻҪΪдɽЩС̨̰ˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷдǱЩ̰ٵı
˵¾ͽȥ졣ЩҪβ˻Ҫ̫ƽȥЩ֮ûкܺõĴʩƣԭһЩСëȴϳ˴ëһ̶ϲá
ǵġ־ͬϵѡһҡ̫ƽд
Ҳǡ˵ȥһֱԼŮܾȼò̫ƽν˷֪ˬҲ޺ˡ
̫ƽзͷж
ճţ̫ƽͿиСŮӭܹЩײˡ
ԲǲСŮЩȣæ̫ƽǸ
ǹʲô飿һԵٿ̫ƽûҲǺʵ
ģҵոշˣȥҵСŮΪܵúż˵
żʹ·ɣǹȥ̫ƽıг̣СŮһȥСŮļ
СŮļסһƫԶɽ£ΪӺǰСնʲô⡣
̫ƽսžŵһɺصùζ
СŮĸڴϣʹ
ˡСŮܹɣڴϣͼ׷
̫ССŮ˼£ûгɹ
û£Ѿ˵̫ƽ΢ЦߵСŮ׵Ĵǰ
ֻСŮĸɫ£񡣴ϻһ̲ѾɵѪ
СŮĸ׸˵ȴȻ䷢Ǻȷ
ΪȵŴҡ
̫ƽüëѾǶסڱǡ
ɺȻСŮĸ״һ³һѪ
̫ƽϾ֪ˡСŮĸ׵˷졣
ԽԽصģҪʱơ
ΪûǮ͢ľֿҲ̰ˣѵļͥһػԨ
̫ƽСŮһµӣĺǴ
ҩù̫ƽתߵѾʾ
̫ƽ㿪ʼСŮĸβ
ëصڵ
̫ƽСŮĸװֿҩ
ΪСŮûǮȥҩݣ̫ƽߵʱ򣬻صѾЩСŮ
ӷʮ졣Ȼͻ´ˡ̫ƽֽдš
ֻպ󲻿̫ۣ׸̫ƽ룬ּһʡ
СŮ̫ƽµع˵ϡ
ǿˡҲ󺰡̫ƽҽʴȡ
СŮļ̫ƽԽԽء
СŮļͥкܶ
̰͢īɷ硣ƵĻǺֻܶͥˡ
̫ƽԽԽȻֱȥš
ǣ̫ƽµ
̫ƽյŵʱͷһЩǳһܵķʲô
Ϊ̫ƽѧһЩȻûЩ˵ʲô̫ƽȴͨ˵촽֪ǾȻƭǮ
ԭΪ̫үϣŵЩնܵõܺõľΡ
̫үʲô߹٣Щ͢²̫үûбȫ̰īԼġһиǣڡ
ЩԭԺúõظ˿Ĵ򣬿سңҲ׷뿪سǣӶºܶЩСëûеõʱľΣϳ˴ë
̫ƽӿһɳ嶯Ҫ̫үץúõʡ
Ǻܿ죬ѵͷԾ̫ƽ뷨ڻʱ̫ƽܴݾߡ
صջ̫ƽָʾѾǽķֶдպٱ
̫ƽĵľЩ˶ȴûеõʱεˡ
Ϊ˿Ըõβ̫ƽѾȥĵط˺ܶҩĹΪسѾû̫ҩĿˡ
Щ˵岻Ǻܺã̫ƽŰЩ˶һչˡ
̫ƽͿջϰѿջڳ˺Щ䣬Щж̫Ĳˡ
ǣ̫ƽŬ£ЩȽѣ˱Ƚؼˣ׷׵رŵ˿ջ
̫ƽͬʱտҽκܶĲˣҪ˷̫ʱ·ϡ
̫ƽľ£Щ˵ܿ͵õ˿ơ
Ϊסһջ̫ƽҲæúܣǴߵǸ䣬ûжãֱһ˽йȥ
Щյ彥̫ƽǳгɾ͸С
̫ƽרעڸ˿ʱܹ˵㿴˭ˣ


127 

˲ǱˣȻةĶҢ
ʱɳ¹ڳָΣͯ
ˡҢ˵ԭ̫ƽسβѾþ˶֪Ң̫ƽһŮͲ˼˵ķԸϹ
̫ƽдˡǣ±ȽרҵǴûѧҽǲ岻ֵġ
ҢЦҺãҿܶᣬǸոպöҽһǶġΪżҷҽ飬ݷùܶҽȻҰŪȴӦܰæ
Ң˵ˣ̫ƽҲøߡϾջҲġ
ΪسǵĻøã̫ƽβ֮⣬ҲŬЩΡ
̫˾ͺ
ҢΪ˰̫ƽæǮ˺Щ˹س洦ɼһһˡ
װ˺üҢΪȷбɾҲȥֳල
Щ̫ƽ
̫֮ƽѾ˺ܶ໨ݹеζ
ΪͬĻҲǲһģ̫ƽҲصЩЧȽϺõĻݣ«ЩרŵȻ
֪̫ƽΪ˴ҺãҲǷ׷æ
ڵصڵأˮĽˮ
سܾûôĵĳˡ
̫ƽӣҲůůġ
ҶæµʱҢĵ˽׼
Ȼһһͷһϡָ˴ҡ
յͷʱ⣬֪̫ƽ׼ʱæµ֮໹ܳԵñ㣬ǸǼعأƺ̫ƽΪɡ
̫ƽҢ̲סЦˣҴлл㡣
ΪӦġʡôҶΪЩӵܶɽաƵ֮ͽҢЦǣ˶٣ȲܹöࡣܹĵΪĴҹ㣬ǲˡ
ӹˡ̫ƽд
ǣ̫ƽҲسǿʼ˷
ֻǣ̫ƽȻϲⱳ̰٣ȴΪЩżβҲǰѵ黺һ
Ң׼˺òˡ̫ƽһԡ
̫ƽܸмҢʢȴӦˡ
һԺȣһβЩսĸо
ȴʧһ㣬Ŷûˡ
պ̫ƽҢ֮ѾΪϤˡ
ֻǣǲ֪ΣͬʱҲڱƽǡ
գã̫ƽҢո̽˼˼ңɽķϰϰǳˬ
ҢС̫ͤƽӦˡ
ҽ˸֪߳ʦӺأҢȤ˵ҽǺʦеơ
ŶҲ֪ʦʲô֣˵Ҳʶأ̫ƽƲ⣬ʵ
ʦǽоӣ̫ƽ϶ʶҢĻ䣬̫ƽɫͰˣһ
ôˣҢһҿľ仰˵ò𣿡
̫ƽһдӳյڶͽܡôʦأ
أֵҢˣܹô֪ӴյڶͽܵģǣӾΪͽѽȻʦѾйȥˣҺܾöûмˡ
̫ƽˡ
СΪ˸߰Ӳ˵ѣǰҽʱûһͽҢ
Ң˵Ѱ
ô˭˵ѣ
뵽Ե޹ˡ˾ȻСӡ
̫ƽֻýһܴˡ
ѵӵģѵӴƭ
˵кܶ
ǣΪҪƭأ
滹ж֪ģ
̫ƽڷҢЦ㻹ûлشҵء
̫ƽдҺǰѡ
ԣйؾӵ顣ģǾˡʦȷһŮͽܡҢ˵ų˶ˣˣ⼸ոܹﹲ£Һ졣
̫ƽдҲ죬Ҿһ
ҢܹܳҾưӦҾܹһǣæƱ
Ϊ˹䣬ְաɼةĽ̫ƽ佱д
⵹ǡҵһֱƣϧδܽˣԴǰ̫֮ҵ;һֱüչҲУſԻһܹһ£ҲøҪȻΪ;æתȹˡҢп
ｻ䣬ȻһһŮ̫ƽͷƴƴص࣬ȴٱΪ֪ˣ


128 Χ

ˣһֱʧС
̫ƽЦдн㣬ˣһֱҹ㣬ǣҪǴĶѰõأ
й̫ƽۣѱڻ˵ߡһֱңô֪ҵǿӳεģпջأ
̫ƽסе֡дˣͱЦˣҲǺĹǵģ
˵ҺȾƣҾԭˣ
ҢЦǻÿɰѾ㵹ˣȴ֪ľ
ٷϻȾұУвɷ˵ؾ;ƱѱľҺֱֱ
Ңˡ
аѾƱصһţҢ˵ˣ
ҢȴССڵغţϸָžƱ
˵ȾƵӣһ㶼ˣ
ǰŮкܣҿˣҢǫһЦ˼ҲʤҲֻܺôһˡﲻҪ⡣
̫ƽ϶⣬ҿɾ˵ˡи߸°˵ôȾƣҪȵ궼Ȳˣ
̫ƽдý㣬ͲҪΪˡƺ̫࣬˿ôΪѽ
ɣķϣҾͲƽˡЦزˣ̫ƽȥЩ̰٣˲ٷ֡
Ըꡣ̫ƽд
п˿ҢҢ⣬չ˰Ϊ뿪ˡ
ЦӶϵˣԸ׽㡣
˵ˣҺֻѣýͲҪЦˡ̫ƽд

˵Ҳ̰ٶŷҵĻţǼνŷҡԼһ顣Ҷ֤ɽˡ
̫ƽдˡֻǣ֪̰ǶŷҵĻûãҵ̰ī֤ݡǣŷָʹǵ֤ݡ
ûҵ˵ٸҵʱ䣬ӦҲˡ
̫ƽдŵ룬ԽԽΣյġ
ʲô书Ŀȳ٣Ͼߡˣһʼˣ;Բ׽һҪɡ
ġ̫ƽеļ򣬡ҪСĵ㡣
ŷ̰īȥ֮ҪǶҡˣǿ벻̣з߿
ֻǵ㣬ԵĻÿն£Ҫ֮ǰʧ˵ˡϾһˡҲֵ̫ƽϿҵд
ãҴӦ㡣һÿվ͹㣬ܸϹ㣬ҾдŸȥ㡣ûг֣ŸҲûǾҳˡ˵ˡ
̫ƽһţŵġ
١̫ƽӣǣپȻûй
̫ƽЩ֣ٲһֱСǱ
̫ƽСͤӱС֡
ղҪ̫ƽҪ飬Ѿ߸ٶȥС֡
Ϊˣپͻˡ
ǣ̫ƽӣٶûй
֡һ򲻻ôġʲôˣ
̫ƽæȹߡ
šţȻһ̫ƽˤڵء
һϵĴ̫ƽĽϡ
̫ƽ۵ýȻĽԼ
̫ƽšѪˣۡ
ҲΪһˤ̫ƽڲԶٺͼѾֽűţڵϡ϶˲
̫ƽ󾪣ٲҶˡ
ǰ棬˵ȥ˵ǼҹǣˣҾɱˣҾͻǣ
̫ƽһȺ˾Ȼǹɱģ
̫ƽسǵ˺ܶˣҲѹ˻ɱ
ɻ䣬һ󡰹๾ࡱ
Ңιˣ
ʲôˣҢϸ˿ŵˣǰץȥˣ
ԭҢûҵ̫ƽС֡
Ϊ̫ƽˤһӣ˹ľԣҢûп
ǣҢֽűŵǣΪ̫ƽҲץˣȻ͹ˡ
ǹɱ̫ƽˡЦȳӣľ͹ǣ̫ƽ
Ң˵ǽʲô
ʲôȳӰһȳӣ˹Ц˳
Ң˵룬ܿǾͻˡ
˵ôĿ˵̫ƽҪȻ
˵ţ˵ĵͻ˹
Ң΢΢һЦȻеһתžžžǼ˵ͷϡ
ǳһʹŭ㾹ҴǣȥΧסҢ


129 

ҢһЦһӣӡڡһ򿪣ٳ˷ȥӵıؾȻ˵⣬ں˵۾ϻ
һƬҽǷ׷׵ס۾
Ѫ۾˳˶Ϲˡ
̫ƽкãûмһ˿԰ӵɰõôáǴ۽ˡ
Ң˵ȺСˡ֪ҵ˰ɡ
ٲˣ׷׹ġ
Ң˵ǰܹץȥˣ˵ҪȻҪǣҵȴԸĹǣ
ǿ˵Ĳ֪ܹȥˣץסЩūҲΪ˵ܹҪȻˣ
Ң˵ΪʲôҪץܹ˭ģ
˵Ҳ֪һҲ֪һ˹ӣҪɱܹ˵³֧֮һͽǶɱ֣Ҳֻˡ
Ң˵ϣҸı֮ǰϹҵߣҪȻҪҺˡ
ǣǣСϹˡ
Ң̾˿ιȥɰ
ʱ̫ƽ˳
û¾ͺˡϲ
ôأضӾǡ̫ƽд
ٺһū澶Ң£лӾ֮
ɡǶܹū澣ҿˣֻ֮ܲҲ̫СˣҺܹＰʱҪȻĻܹﱻЩץˣôѽҢĵ˵
ӽѵǡūٲ۾ʵ
̫ƽдЩһҪɱңҲֲǣһΣһεġ
Ң˵ڶʧˣҲû˺ܹˡ
̫ƽдҪɱҵ˲ǣĻʹǵˣǶˣĻʹҵģҲлȡֻǵ׽廹ϵˣ鲻ĻʹˣһǻΣյġ
ô죿ҸղӦðЩ˽ٸȥࡣҢ̾˿ȷʵʧˡҿ˵ʶĻʹߣΪ鲻
̫ƽдӵжȷġĻʹǷǳƻκΰѱġԾǰЩ˶ٸҲǲ鲻ġ
Ң˵ǣܹİȫô죿
ҲǵһΣˡҪɱҵҲܶ࣬Ӳصңһ취Լġ̫ƽЦд
Ң˫̾ϧҲܹʲôˣܹʱܹߣܹȻǶôԸⱲӾܹߡ
Ӻγأةĺӣҵ̫ƽҪҢƲϵ
Ң˵Ȼˣһܹظɡ
һҪضȥ𣿡
̫ƽд뿪ѾʮˣȷҪȥˣ̫ãҼ˻ᵣҵġ
Ңϲô˵ܹǴӦһˣ
̫ƽ˵ͷдʮڡسǲ鵽˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶաģȸһˡ
ЩҸ˵ģܹܹ㲢սҢˬһЦЦʡ
̫ƽǸѾȥջʰ
֮ǰ̫ƽҪסڿջĲˣǵļϵõ˿ơ
̫ƽԹȥǺҩӡ
֪̫ƽҪߣǶԼͬؾۼ̫ƽҪߡ
ȻֻǶ̶գ̫ƽѾĸ飬˵ʵ̫ƽЩ뿪ǣЩջҪһʱΡ̫ƽҲϣʱΣǣʱ䲻ˣҪ˵һûи㶨պ̫ǱҲҪ빬̡
̫ƽҲôεһ֮ٸߴҡٻǵģ뿪Щӣū澺βַҩ
Ƕ̫ƽҲܣڽҲƿˡĬĬᡣ
̫ƽūҽޣ̫ƽҽˡ
ص̫ƽϴϡī͹˵ķҹʧˡ
̫ƽһµʲôˮںδ
ī˵ˮȾ˲´Ϸ˻ȥ
̫ƽд٣ȥˮɡ
īȴ˵Ϸ˷Ըˣˮﲡأ˭δϷͬˮ
ʲôϷ˷Ը˭ԼˮΪʲô̫ƽɻˡ


130 ԭ

̫ƽ֪뿪ʮ죬ˮʲô
ǰ̫ƽˮȥӺģˮҩһ֮
ǻȴ˵ķʧˣˮҲòܼˡ
ôأ
ī˵Ϸɳȥ飬ķ﷢˺ܶʬ壬Ҳһ߾ġҲѾ֪٣ӳȥˡ
̫ƽ⣬дȻСǽȴô㡣ʧˣô뿪أ
ī˵ķʧ֮ǰ˵˶㲻ʡ£Ϸ˸ϵóԼصǧ˲ΡﱣסһԺܶ˶жϣĲûãʧˡ϶ûܳȥǱ档ϧǼʬ̫ģû˷ֱóǲ
̫ƽдԺܶ˶뷨һ϶Ǳˡﻹţֻ뿴ġ
ī˵ū޴ʾ
ôױˣôͲᷢôֵˡ̫ƽп
ƲﲢûôȥأôĹû뿪ܲصأīһ
̫ƽдǱʲô
Ϊ·ͻȻϷ˻ûж⹫Ӧû֪ôˡī˵
̫ƽдˣǶЪŰɡ
ūɢȥ̫ƽȥ˴£һڣͷ
ң˵￴üʲô£
һ˵ķʧﲻ֪١֪飿̫ƽд
ЦЩӣҶȥͷԶڸϷ飬Ҳˡ
㲻֪Ҳġɲ԰Ҳһ飬ΪϷ˲ҼˮˣҸˮһ棿̫ƽд
סڣҿԴˮķжšʲô⡣˵
̫ƽǸˮķ棬̫ƽ
̫ƽӺˮķ䡣
һյ͵ƻ谵ĹһŮϣǾˮ
ˮûڴϣǶ˶廨
̫ƽȻɵشһҪ󺰣̫ƽѸǰסˮͣҡҡͷʾˮҪ
ˮ˿
̫ƽȻſˮдͷ˵ˮõ˲ܼˣҿ㾫õúܣǵòӡ
ˮ̾˿вĸҼ˵˵ǰˡ˵괹ͷɥذϵһӣ춼ӣָˣһ˼ûУҲҼҲҼ㡣
ΪʲôĸҪأ̫ƽдĸһʴȡ˴£Ż㡣
ˮЦĸʴȣҵãֻ֪ĸϲŭ޳ԴҸҩ֮ĸһִҹҼκˣҲףͬŮΪʲôĸͲңڻң
˵ҩ֮ĸͰˡѵĸѾҩ㣿̫ƽһ
ɣҿ÷ǳܡȷû˿
ɱСĸʲô鶼Ӳ۾ֻΪѾˡ̫ƽ²⡣
ȻѾˣĸΪʲôҴأˮʡ
ΪİôˣǶôҽأĸҲǼɵ£ֱӽҴ㣬˵أԾͰʵĸǶ㲻ãʵڱأΪȾˡô﷢ʲô޹ˣʲô鲻̫ƽд
ԭĸࡣ˵ҲԭҩҪˣ˭֪ĸ˹ϧɴδˮ̾˿ܹ˭ɡ
֮ķȻʧﲻ֪ա̫ƽд
ѻ˭ŵأˮһ
Ҳ֪̫ƽοˮ䣬δ鼫Ԥ⣬ⷿﷴȫͲҪųȥˣʱ䵽Ȼȥİɡ
ˮµô̫ƽ㣬ŷӵ顭
ȻûãǿõķϣģҼȻŵ±ػΪɡ̫ƽͷ
ˮ˼ˣл㣬ܼ޸ŷΪޣұغúñ㡣
˵ţȻſڴһƺҪŽ


131 

̫ƽæ㵽ź档
ˮ˵˭
⣬Ӱζū֪ϢûУūſɷ
ˮ˵ˣҹģЪˣɺͳ˵ˣԼķһ֪ʲôĶ˰ɣ
˵͵Ǹ뿪ˡ
̫ƽûˡдýĶˣˣõϢˡ
ˮ˵ǡ̫ƽ㣬ôȥأ
㿴ôģҾôȥ̫ƽ֣ȻˮûпѾ̫ƽ˷䡣
ɫеԺ
ոǺܾգһҿҪֵġĵ˵
̫ƽдɴ¡Σʲô
¹ĵ̫ƽϣȻصͷ˵ﲻ̫ˮֻˮֻù
ңͬʱҲʲôԵ֪ģҲлҡ̫ƽĿ⿴
ֻоǱһ㣬٣ĪؽӦġ
̫ƽ̾˿д֪Сôˡ
֪ˣһ˵ġ˵ϧ빬ôˣһŶûлءʹӺˣһкãﲻõġ
˵ЩʲôҲûеء̫ƽˡ
Ǹȥ
ڶա̫ƽķ
ǽڶû˴룬ذǺڵúһ㣬½š
ڵĿǳǺˣ̫ƽæ˳
֣ȥôˣﾹȻлչζٿ˼˵
̫ƽдѵûųζǻյζںȥģ˳ڸǵʱġ
˭أһ
˹μ
ֺá̫ƽҲǺǫġ
Ϊֲһū澣ϷεˡƽϷȥ˷û߲ܳ棬ִϷ˳档
൱ھϷ˵̫ƽȻԴһ֡
ôпˣĪ뿴ټ𣿡Ц
̫ƽдϳô£ô˵ҲùҳЩ˿ҲΪĸˡ
ôƳʲô𣿡ֵ˵һ˫ۿº͵ȻȴϬ
ұȽ޶ۣʲôûп֪ںδأ̫ƽװɵд
벻һ֪ûҪȻΪλںδһʬأƤЦⲻЦ
ֻǲ²ˡ̫ƽͷд
Ĳ²׼ȷϷ˵뷨һ£ȻӢͬЦЦٴ˰ʾأϷҪء
ҲԣұӦĸ밲ġֻ˵ĸȾԾûй̫ƽд
Ϸ˾ϣҲ㡣Ҫ˵ϻ۹ˣÿζϷˣһüܹϷ˵̫ҽҪء˵
̫ƽдֹˡ͹ȥ
¯ɵţƣ̫ƽζ¡
ϷϣʮղϷ˵ɫͱ֮ǰ԰˺ܶࡣ
ūΧϷˣǸϷģǰĦСȵģҡӵģææµġ
Ϸ˻ǽüͷһ㶼ûӡ
̫ƽãͷҪأֻԽԽˡϷ۾˵¾۾
̫ƽдŮˣŮĸ
ʲôܹͦˣͷҽβΪ˺ΪеϷ˵žͿ
̫ƽæǰϷ˰
Ϸ˵ȷȹȥ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ鸡ˡ
ĸŮࡣ̫ƽϷֱġʼϷðĦ
̫ƽҲֻ֪Ϸʱһ£θ
鲻ϷΪʲôŪԽԽġҽҲ졣
̫ƽϷĳʳûġϷ˵ĳʳһֱǱϸѿءҲԳԣ⡣
ĸ硣Ժסɡ̫ƽ̨¯
ܱ˼㣬Ϸ֮ܣǳϲһ쵽ڷ
̫ƽǻɹģǾ飬ȴ鲻жġ
ô⾿ںδأ


132 Ӧ

ûжϷ˵Ķôеأ
ܱĻôģ˰ļϷʹ𣿤
ɻУϷס̫ƽЦģҺܸˣǣסˣҡ
ǡ̫ƽֹ
Ϸ˵һϹͷˡ屾Ͳãⶼססⷿûйϵ
˵šˣĸףҼ̾Ҫ̸ˣĸ״С
Ϸ˾æôôҪˣ
˵ã̡Ҫҽվͳҿ׼Ҳˣ綼ҪߵģԱӦˡ˵
ϷĿ¶޵Ȼô졭
ĸףҪңսҶ£οǡͦͦأĺӡ
Ϸȥ
߹ȥϷǰ
ϷʵһҪסҵʲôûҪ
ǵˣĸס˵Ӳڵӣĸ׺úñ塣
ˣʱ͸塣
Ϸ˳̾˿̫ƽ֪ΪȻҪߣ
̫ƽдײǸո˵ΪΥ
ϷҡҡͷΪҲ֪Ƕôģôӵùĸ׵۾أΪˣĵأȥɢɢİˡ
̫ƽһ벻ں
ˣ˵ҲΪû𣿡Ϸ
̫ƽ˵ͷд˼ܣڷﲼ˸أñ˷ŻġԼŵĻ𡣡
Ϸ˵ķ鲼ءҲˣȥļʬ壬ζû
ŮµûĻӦԼڲУһѻʵҪ뿪ȥһΪҪ¡̫ƽд
ô֮ΪҪ뿪أǸϿ𣿻أϷ˺Ȼ뿪ҸӸˣַʽ뿪ֱǶҵһơ
̫ƽдĸﾹȻҷѻ𣬾һʮİ뿪ˣΪһӦ
˭Ϸ˸շ꣬Ͼʶ˭˼˵
̫ƽ˵ͷܱ˭أ
ϷôԼĴȣУҲܱﵽҵͷϡ
̾˿Ϸˣڶãܱ
Ϸˡ
Ϣŭĸ²ɲ̫֮ƽд
Ϸ˵̫ƽȻҲô˵ҾȵȵȰɡ
̫ƽϷðĦĦţϷ˾˯ˡ
̫ƽȻصԼķ
һѾһʹ̨һߣŶӣɫˡ
һԵīֵˮëġ
ôûкһ㣿īеʵ
ţУʹʹߵѾ߽üͷ촽Ҫҧˡ
Ϊ۵ʵѾ߼Ҫɵȥˡ
ʱ̫ƽպùˡ
ôˣô۳ӣ̫ƽǰһ
īҪѾ߸Ѿʵ۵ֱ
̫ƽó룬ѾߵĺϹѨϾһ롣
ʱѾ߾;˺ܶࡣ
ֻǣȻû֮ǰôˡȴǺܡ
̫ƽѾ߽Ѿ߷ɴϣȻڴߣ
ԭˡ
̫ƽѯ˼䡣֪Ϊ֮ǰûеãµʱ򾭳ˮǾ˲ÿʱ򣬱۵ȥ
̫ƽ²Ѿʲ̫ãҲ֡ԼԺļѾϤģѾģū澴ӲģôѾ¾ʱҪˮ·أ
ī˵Ѿ߽С࣬ﻹǵϻسʱһСĵСССĵĽ㡣
СľȻи㣿̫ƽú֡
ƺ̫ƽڻɣСʹ˵Բס˹ұԺŬɻ֮ģû뵽˹ˣҿϴ뿪ġ
˵ʲôأĪ㲻֪ǹǾ˾ȵ׵ԺĻҪ˵ˣֻҪӾͿˡīȵ
СĬĬᡣ
̫ƽСѺ֮󣬱㿪ʼơ
ΪҪܺʹҪƾ¹ɢ
̫ƽѾ˺ܶబݹ
Сպ£Ʋ̫̫ƽһСţβϣȻСڡ
СȻһʹ˹ȥ
īæҪȥסȴ̫ƽסˡ


133 

ֻΪ̫䣬һֿܵסʱ˹ȥ󣬵ͻġ̫ƽдʼȡѨ
һЩѨλ֮⣬ȡһЩѨȥġ
ҪǴsѨsѨа˸λã׳ơѨsѨµĺܹؼѨλ
̫ƽһ£СɫزˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
лȡūڿˡС಻̫ƽԼƣ
ȴīһ١
ɻȥû㲻׼īѵ¶һı飬ñϵѾҲһ
̫ƽд㻹īİɡ
СһҶڴϡ
̫ƽȻһҩ
û뵽̫ƽȻ˿ԼС಻жӯлūһһţź㡣
ҲҪòУҪȻôźң̫ƽһ˵
̫ƽˣīչСࡣ
˵оС֣
̫ƽҡҡͷ
˵ôС£ʹ
˵ʲһʮСŮ̫ƽһ
˵Ҳ֪Сȥʲôʻ
̫ƽдСδ
˾С̫С·̵̹òܵСȥ˷ѧϰȥˡѧǲ͹̹˵
̫ƽ˵ͷԼȥˡ
ٶ˹𽣿衱̫ƽˣʼ鱾֪ʶ
̫ƽһֱоҽ顣
Ȼ𽣿ưͣǡƳ̫̫ƽѾһˣֻܷͣĽ׶Ρ
̫ƽЩ鱾ҵεķ
̫ƽƵñ֪Ҳҹ˾ʱ򣬵һоЩ鱾
Σ̫ƽϼһҩ
̫ƽ۾һ
Ϊܹϵݡ̫ƽҲصذѵоһЩ
ҽдżִ֣󺣡
԰ôû뵽ҩأ̫ƽ⼤
ҩҵˣǻҪҩ
̫ƽҹ˺ܶ鼮ȴûҵҩ
̫ƽЩżΪڤڤ֮оһָо̫ƽҩǿ԰̫ƽؿڽġ
ΪⱾ鱣ܵò̫ãЩؼϢȻʧˡ
̫ƽǿʼøַȥִ󺣡
̫ƽִ֪ȷʵڵһҩġ
ִֻ󺣿ܻһ֡
£ؼľҪҵйִ󺣵
̫ƽţƾԼľ飬ǿԽִ󺣴ҩҳ
տʼ̫ƽΪִ󺣿Ǻĳֶ
ˣѸע˺ҩ档
ҩıͲǺܶ࣬ľǺˣ⺣ٵƹЧִ󺣵ĲʵЩ
ˣ̫ƽԻųִ󺣲ǺĶ
ţ̫ƽ㽫Ŀ׼˲ҩ
ΪһĿʯҩġϨģʺļûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ҩҩģڶࡣһʱ֮䣬̫ƽҲǲ֪Ӻδʼ֡
ʺҩвɡɣҶȵȣִ󺣡ӦЩҩĺ
Թ̫ƽķҽ顣
һ̫ƽֿ˴֣
ǰ档Ȼû֡
ֵĺ棬ԼԼƺһ֡
Ȼˡ̫ƽ¶һĨŵЦݡ
ִ󺣻֡
̫ƽӼᶨԼ֮ǰжϡ
ǣΪҳִ󺣣̫ƽҲǽеʺҩĶùһһбȽϡ
ڳҩ棬ţƺͲǱȽϳõġ
̫ƽԽҩųˡ
ţӺ«еҽ涼ûмصиʲôģҲǿųˡ
컨ۺȲݣⶾģ̫ƽҩҲǷǳϤҲǿųġ
Щų̫֮ƽȽϻɵҩĸ
ид󶴹ģ̫ƽͺܻɡ
Ϊҩƽʱٳ֣ҽϹڴ󶴹ļҲǷǳ١
ΨһֹһΣҲǼƺʹġ
Ȼֿȥܴ󣬵̫ƽԼִ󺣾Ǵ󶴹
̫ƽûԥ󶴹ù֮󣬱㿪ʼ
ȻȲݣ«һ¡
ҩȽʱ̫ƽԸоһ
ƺǸձչĵطһĨˮһ
ȿȡ̫ƽʶ¡
˵̫ƽú˺ܶ࣬㳢˵֡
Լ̫ƽŵظ˵顣
̫ƽȷԼˣӷҩ죬һ߷һ߿˵ͺӤѧһ
̫֮ƽԼ򵥵ؽܶ໰ˣȻ̫ܽãճѾûˡ


134 ¯

̫ƽչظԼβڣȴһЩϸ΢ı仯Ϸˡ
Ϸ˾Ȼһˡ
ŵԪҲ˹ϷߣԼûоһТӵΡ
ȻܱҲˡ
̫ƽȥʱ򣬿ܱ򸾺ԪվϷ˵Ĵ߷š
̫ƽһһȻд˵Ҳ֣Դ¯˶常֮ĸͼӡԽԽˣҵĽǣȰЩ¯ƿȥ⼸ղҪĸȡϣһĸΡ
ܱһͻˣ˼ƼӺĸô̫ƽҶ֪治ҪѪˡ
常αͱأ常û顣԰¯ƿô˵л̫ƽд
Ȼ̫ƽѾ˵ˣǲԸñ֪
ƿƿʲôģֻǾá⼦Ƕĸ棬Ծĸʹˣ˵úļӺĸףǺãȫƿ˰ɡܱȻ˵
֣ûУ常ҲͬˣЩ¯ƿȥֻҪû¯ĸĲһʱ֪˭˭ˡ̫ƽд
¶⻰˺ʵȥˣҵ㣬ƿЩ¯ĸ׵ĲûкãԽأΣɱ𣿡
ƿЩ¯ĸĲء̫ҽȻ򣬲ҪġΪʧȥ¯ĸأȻԸⱳġ̫ƽ侲д
ܱЦԸ⸺𣬿ʲôأʱѵҪһĸ˵˵ء
ˣǶҪˡԪʵĸ׶ˣ硣㻹һʲô˵ˣ֪̫ƽҲΪĸãɣȻ̫ƽ˵ֻҪЩ¯ĸ׾ͻǾȰῪȥˡڴߺ۲ĸ죬ˣЩ¯𣿹ȥĸҲûʲôϵ㣬ҲǺúõ𣿡
ܡСЩ㲻ܱε˵Щ˵ĺôҲǿء
磬̫ƽǻˣ̫ƽΪ˶˶ҶĿáǰЩӣ̫ƽҽβΪ˶ٺһɣҶ֪㾿ЩʲôԪ̾˵
ʲô˵δ̫ˣ˵ʲôأ˵ˣ⼦ĸָҪõġ˵ҪþͲҪãʹĸ׵˼ܱ˵
ĸ񶼲ˣ㻹Ҫô˼ԪҲǾ
ôˣĸżҲѹѹʱ˼ͳˣ¶ܱ˵
ĸ־壬ԼԼأҵ˼ǣͰ̫ƽ˼Ȱ¯ƿɡԪá
˵λӣū˵һ仰λӶϣϷ˺ãūףֻϷ˸ոջ˯ѣ粻ݣ񲻸Ϸѹ
һϯ˵ôҶ
̫ƽһۣȻֵĵλС
Ȼܱ򸾲Ը⣬ǣֻǰЩ¯Ƴȥˡ
ܱܻˡжû˰ҵĻˣҾʲô
̫ƽϷ˰Ħ
Ԫ˵̫ƽ㿴Ϸô£ܺ𣿡
̫ƽд˵Ҳ֣Ϸ˻Եԭ㡣ǣȴǲġϷ˵ĳʳ̫ҽҩġǲģĲףΪϷ˻㡣
¯Ѿ뿪ˡ֪ܿˡԪ̾˿̫ƽҲˡȥЪŰɣｻҡ
̫ƽд常Ҫ㡣һ常
֪ˡԪû̫ƽСԴⳤ֪ˡɼԪҲоܱǺˡ
̫ƽпڶԪǸѶˡ
񻹻ء
̫ƽ߳ȥʱⶣ֣ҪĶˡ
Ȼ¯Ѿȥˣǣһ¯ĶҩĨϷ˷ĵطأ
һһӦ˵ģū׵ġ
Ǳ߿ж̫ƽд
˵£Ϸû⴫ǣ˿ڶ࣬³ǻᱻȥġֽǰסġϷǾ䡣ͷûжϻѾ̫Ӹ˵ǺģӺչȥء
ӺӦˣ̫ƽһ
ǴӦˡӺûɲӦ˵
Ѿ뿪ˣ־ȥĵطأ̫ƽдܵĽ΢΢һ


135 ԧ

ЦڿūȻˡ
̫ƽдҼȻǺܾġﲻԸȥҲû취ǣסң»˷ǳϾѾޣʲôأ
˵ԣȥҰݷáȻͿԴ˵沿鿴ǲˡ
ûô״沿˿һԡ̫ƽдֿ԰ĸӺͬȥ̽Ϣ
һǱѩū벻һ㡣
̫ƽЦЦ
ֹЦˣǷӺһˡ
ã֮ǰдӺҪס̫ƽصЦʾʲô̫ƽ֪ȴ˵ơ
̫ƽȥˡ־ͰϷ˷ūԧ˹˵ϸڣԧ
ԧϷΪʵصū澣ҲһִĹ¶֮ǰִӽ񵽵Ӥ
񵽵ʱԧĿѾ΢ˡҪǱּˣԧͲˡ
Ϸ˿ӤԴԧ죬˼ϣպԳ˫ɶԣһ
ԧҲڷܺѧʲôŸɡǳж˵ʲôԧӲΥ
˵ԧ챻ֽйȥ̸ˣѾС˼ıԧ죬˵ЩҲ˺ĸˣ˵áԱĸ̫ˣǣĲᡣ㳢òóԣǾúóԣ԰Ҹִȥ𣿡
ԧ˵Լ͹ȥֲ͵ˣδҪҶһأ
ҵȻˡСĺٺһЦԧ㣬ֹϵãҾ͹ȥôأƨˡ
ԧСĵ̫Ѩ˵Ѿͷʮ꣬ôۻۣСС;뷨ô࣬Сδ˥
Сҡԧ˵ý㣬ôõĽҴûѧģý㣬ͰҰɣҲֿأΪϷߵĴѾߣ
ԧ̾˿ɣɣҴ͹ȥˡ
áˣղţ˺ܾã͸¶£㶼˵ʲôѽСգŴ۾˵
СӲģˡԧһıԡ
˵˵ұ֤߱ˡСļ˼۾
Ҳ˵ġͲҪΪˡԧվҪȻҿɻˡ
Сͷ˵ˡ
ûãԧˣСĹȥ̫ƽԺС࣬ñ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽͣס˽Ų
ֻС˵ûãҪʲô첻ã
СĿɥ˵Բ𡣿ԧͽû취׳ʲô
ǻ˶ССһ⣬СҲޣҲӣվһСϰƵġ
ȻСˣСҲˡ
̫ƽǳ֡
Ȼݲ̫࣬ƽѾ³С಻СĵĽ㡣
Ϊ׽ǲôԼõġ
٣СࡣһǼϸ̫ƽд
ɫһףôСأǿǲͬʱġ
̫ƽʱ·ϾСĵĸףʱСļﲢûбˣô޶˶˶һأ
ңССĽ붨ڶԳСĽķʽġ
ҸоСĲǡ̫ƽдīȥСļʣСľûн㣿
ǡīˡ
̫ƽ̾˿
˵ȻС࣬ɴСȥˣδҪѰأ
̫ƽдСҴġСԳСĵĽ㣬СȥˣôҪͬСĽأοСҲãСҲáǺӰˣǼϸǾһĻʹҪĻʹҪ¡ҪȻûһС࣬ǻСࡣ໹û˵ʲôΪʱˡ
һ
ִԧȥӺ
ûãӺʰͻ̫ƽ
̫ƽɴȥ
Ӻ˵
̫ƽ˵ͷ˸򵥵ڣȻ̧ͷӺ۾һգһգ
Ӻ˵Ϲ˵£Ѿ˵ˡ˳ñ͸Ϸ˵ġ
̫ƽдӺˡǣӺֱӽϵĹ¾ˣαҪأ
ӺΪϷ˲ΣһʱҲϲⶨ˭ֵñ֮ˡ
Ӻ˼ǣͬһ㣬ǳҪӺֱܼˣ̫ƽһ


136 ǧ֥

Ӻ˵ͷԽϷˡ
ϧĸأڻԲѣһʱû취Դ򿪡̫ƽ̾˿д
ѩа취ϷѹӺЦ
벻Ӻġ̫ƽд
ǱģСӶġӺ˵աСӻˡҲСӽ鱾˵ֻн㣬ȫġ
̫ƽ΢΢һ죬ҺɴûƵó
Ӻˡ
̫ƽ̴ľӣƵľϣء
˵Сȥ̫̫ƽҲҪȥ̫ŮôʱҪСˣ
ôţŵһ̫ƽˤڵϡŵĺҲ˵ϡ
ӱȴ򿪣ǧ֥˳
̫ƽǧ֥˵Ϸ˲ˣȻǧ֥͹ˣǧ֥ʹֻҲôһ֧ɣȻã
̫ƽųô󷽡ϸһⲢǧֻ֥ǧ֥һظ롣
Ϸڵʣܷǧ֥½һ룬ҲȬ
ȻǧܱӺϷˣȻϷ˺ֻġ
̫ƽҪϲϲùȥϷˣӭͿ˶ŮЦЦ˹
ֻЦЦϺף˸ոմһ㣬ͷ̫ƽ˵㡣ˣҸոհĸ͸ҵĽŪˣܲܰһңҪȻĸ׻ҵġ
̫ƽ֪ΪЦЦ¶ģƽ¶ŰЦЦƽ£ЦЦ˽θЦЦȴЦЦŪ˵Ļǿ϶ǻᱻ¶һٵġ
ƽ̫ƽȻЩͬЦЦΪ̫ƽôܶ£ЦЦӴҲ٣ЦЦȻ̫ƽ̫ƽЩֵġ
ЦЦԸһųܣôôأ
ƺǿ̫ƽɻЦЦ˵Ǳ߻ﶪʧġ
̫ƽǻԿȥǻЩңȷǸղű˲ȹ
̫ƽûбū澡ȷ֥ЦЦһȥݴ
ҲΪֻǧ֥ʵ̫ˣ̫ƽ̤ݴֻϻסǧ֥дɣū澹һҡһҪȥĸûпա
ЦЦ˵Ǻõģȥūңˡ
̫ƽǶȥ
Ϸ˵ķԪڷϷˡ
常ĸôˣ̫ƽд
Ԫ˵ոպЩ࣬Ҫѹˡ
̫ƽóǧ֥ǳ͸Ϸ˵ġոӺ˹
Ԫ˵ô֮ǿҪܺáɣȥǧ֥ٶ˹ιϷ˺ȡ̫ƽչϷˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷԪǧ֥ˡ
Ϸ۾̫ƽסϷ˵֣Ϸ˵ѽһ˵̫ƽͼҪѹˣû뵽Ȼ̫ƽˡ
ĸˣŮТ̫ƽдĸɫˣҲͷˡ
Ϸ˵˵ǰ¯ƿˡôһҹ˾;̹ˣؿڻƵġ𣿡
ĸҹûģ¯ϣΪ֮ǰĲû⡣¯ȴò顣̫ƽд
ܡȻˡҾͲҪ¯ˡϷ˵ţ˼ͷô
գٻʢ
Ȼˡȥͷþûɹ̫ˣӡֻɹ̫̹Ϸ˵
̫ƽΣϷϣϷƵԺɹ̫
̫ƽ͸ϷðĦ
ϧˣ¯⻹治ò鰡ҪȻز˭ҪӺңҶȻŹϷ̾˵
ĸصģȻ˼綼¶ڵģֻҪĸͺˡ̫ƽдʧ֪Ǹ常²չĸ֤Тġȥ常ģһҹ֮䳤ˣˣҲѽ
ôһ˵ҲǡϷЦѽܰѻ˵ɺõġҾǰ˵
ʱԪڵҩ˹ĸ׿Ⱥ˰ɣǶԸġ
ϷԪ֣úӣ㲻ҪΪ𣿡
ĸףֻܿƵ˻жúðԪٺһЦ
Ϸ˺ܸжһˣȻǧ֥ζڲͬǶл
ǣշ꣬Ϸ˺Ȼסؿڡ
һѪϷ˵˳


137 

Ϸˣ
ĸף
ĸ
Ҷһ̫ƽԪæǰסϷˡ
Ϸ˵ǧ֥жȻ˹ȥ
Ԫɵؿ̫ƽ
̫ƽ֪Ԫʲôд常ңǧ֥ԭûģԹ˵Щû壬ȰϷ˷ȥ˵ɡ
ǣϷ˱ɵ˴ϡ
̫ƽϷ˰дãԲҸϷ˿һζȥҩϷ˺ܿͻѹ
Ԫù̫ƽдҩԥ̫ƽд常²˳٣̫ҽˡ
Ԫ˵ĸΪ⸱ҩ£ֶŮҲŹ㣡
̫ƽͷ
Ԫˡ
̫ƽϷ˽üͷӡ̾˿
ǧ֥ôжأ
ȻǳںģͲ¶˵ˡϷˣԳʲôôأ
¶˲ǳ
ǼȻǳѵӺ
Ǿ͸Ӳˡ
ΪӺ͹ʱǧ֥ûпأô¶أ
ǻ˭أ
̫ƽȻ뵽·ϵЦЦ
ЦЦȻ̫ƽæⱾ̫ƽˡ
Ȼ̫ƽʱתסǧ֥ǵȷôһɲǣ̫ƽЦЦ߽˲ݴһ̫ƽûпסǧ֥
пܣһǸЦЦԼõģڵʱ÷ǳѸٵٶȸǧ֥Ͷ˶
Ϊ̫ƽ̫磬Ǹ˲ֻʧ룬ˣԣǸͶĶ͸
ԡϷ˲ûо綾ֻǻˡ
Ļô¶˿϶ܱ
ΪֻܱٶȺ书˵ˣȻ·ǳأܱͶȻˣܱѡԼԶ֡
̫ƽϷ˼ϷеĶ֮ǰ¯еĶ֢״ࡣѵܱʹͬĶ
ܡ
ܱҩܹҵһֶˣЧĻȻõڶΡ
̫ƽĿϵҩϡ
ոϷȻˣɻʣһЩҩ
̫ƽϸҩʶҩġ
ľͨ͸죡
ʵҩĲǶҩȷе˵ǻβҩġ
Ƚֹʹľͨ͸ζҩ
ܱѡζҩʵǸԼҺ·һˣ˵ΪϷ˺ãβҩ
ⲻ֪ҩһ˵βģǣڱ˶ԣľͨ͸ȴпĶҩ
Ϸˣ㡣
ζҩǧ֥ﶾϷˣܱˮ
Ϊˮʵ٣һ˻̫ƽоġῴ
ϷҺóԵ࣬ҪȻϷ˾һغˡ
ϷˣܱƵϣƵӺ̫ƽϣǸܱ޹ϵġ
һܱ˳Ϸˣ̫ƽ˳ڶţһ˵ܱġ
Ű̫ĳӺҲȥˣܱԴȥ
ܱǶѽϧȴ̫ƽ
̫ƽְ֮ǰϷ˷Ƴȥ¯
̫ƽ˼ֽϸϸ¯ϲ˲ڲζҩ
̫ƽšȷľͨ͸졣
ôһоҪˡ
ʱԪȥҩ˽ϷιȥûϷ˾ѹˡ
̫ƽող鵽Ϸˡ
Ϸ˴ŭܱ߾񡣾үҪ㣬Ҳˣ
ǣϷһȥ̫ҽһȥϹү
̫ҽˣϹү֤ʵ¯ϵȷľͨ͸죬ҡǧ֥ϲҲζҩ
Ϲү̫ҽ˵ˣҲ֤¾Ǳġ
̫ƽд游ЦЦһʾ֪
ϹүԥţϷ˶˵ȥЦЦɡ˳ǰղ¯ѾҲй
¯Ѿ߹ˡϷ˵ı֮£ȷܱӺҩĩȻζҩĨĨϣÿղ¯¯ҩĩҩĩӷڿ˶Ϸˡ
һЩ¯ȥϷ˵Ĳͼˡ
Ϲүɫ䡣
ЦЦˣֶһࡣ
̫ƽȥЦЦд֪˱ġǸ˵ͻ㣬Բԣ
̫ƽ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲô˭ˣû˱ңϵ˰ԼСġЦЦ˵
ôܿҵ۾ش·ң˵ҪҰѰҽΣ˽𣿡̫ƽƶд


138 

ЦЦҿ̫ƽ̫ƽ㣬㲻ҪˣҲܹ˵ʵȻ˻ҵġ
Ϲү˵˭Ҫ㣿ɵ˵ˡ
ҪҲ˵Ҳ˵ЦЦӶˡ
Ϸ˺ȵʲô˵ģǰˡôҾֻ˵µˣ
ЦЦˡ
̫ƽȥסЦЦ֡дģ˵ʵǶᱣġ㲻˵ʵǰˣ˭㡣
ЦЦ˵̫ƽ㣬ĲµĶ֪ģʱһȥҽΣл¶
ǰ·ʱֻҸˣô˵أ㲻г˭ıģôܰأ̫ƽд
̫ƽı̫ᣬЦЦĵı
ЦЦ˵Ȼū澹˵үˡ
ϣЦЦŵû¡
ܱ˽ɫЦЦһۣЦЦ˵ʲô֪ʲô֪
ܱ˵ףĸףҹ˵ڱһЩ飬ҿҪסڱȥ⼸첻ܻؼˡ
Ϲүһʲôʲô飿
ܱ̾˿˵֮ǰмͬôڱҷݹ羹ȻͬˣҲûоˣǽˡ񱻴µ֪ˣ»֪Ҫڴģҵùȥĵذ⼸ͬȥûˡ
Ϸæ˵ܵģô飿᲻ݺ
Ϲү˵ΪҲˣ֮ǰߣ١ͬˡ˵ˣû㲻š
Ϸ˵ڸϣǵȻô˵ô˵ˣԼĶӣ֪ܲ
ܱ˵ĸףµʱҲŴ£ǣǱ߶Ѿ֤֤ˡҪҹȥѹ£ͨˡ
ʱϷ˵ɫˣͨϣô¾ͳ˶ۡϾͿ԰մ²ĸˡ
Ϲү˵ȻˣͰһ£ѹȥɡ
ܱȻ̫ƽô̫ƽղǲʲôҪ˵
̫ƽû˵Ϲү˵̫ƽֻʺأ塣ﻹܿ
Ϲү⻰˼ǣǲܱ¶Ϸˣ¶ôˣ̫ƽͲҪûˡ
̫ƽܾưոݣд常ȻҪˣ常ЦЦЦЦϰѶͶǧ֥ϣϷ˲أǶ常ģ常ӵϷ˰
ܱ˵̫ƽû֤ݾںѪˣȻЩ˵ҲЩԭģ
𣿡̫ƽЦЦдЦЦ㲻˵ȥģ˵ˣǶ㣬ҲҴˡ
ܱȵЦЦ㲻Ҫ˭ˣ
ѵ常ûЦЦôǶ常ġΪʲô常һأ常ЦЦϵ˺۲ѽ̫ƽд
㡭ȻҴģŮãܱ˦˦䡣
Ϲү˵̫ƽ²Ҫ̫ˡ
Ϸ˵̫ƽҿ˰ɡ
ϷҲԭܱˡϾϵǰ;ڱܱ˵㣬ܱȥƽ£Ҫ֮ء
ûܱ˵оУܱ˵ûоûСȥ˱Ҳֻ˰ڲ
̫ƽд游ĸˣҲ´ɰʵףֻ뱣ЦЦ˵ЦЦ˵ǲأЦЦĲ±Ļٴΰ
ЦЦҲҪҲҪ˵˵ҸҰ̫ƽ㣬ȻҸ׳ûǧ֥Ͷģ
ܱŭŮ˵Щʲô
ЦЦ˵Щ״ûۿһֻۣŮĸ׶ҲҲͰˣҲûаҵŮֻõĹߣ㲻˾ʹңĸ״ңҲ˵Һ£Һٹֱ˷Ǵˡ㣬˵ҲӦͻңҺ˲ŰģΪʲô㲻أѵҸ㶥𣿡
һϯ˵ôҶˣϹүҲҧгݣȻģ㾹Ȼĸ׶ҪӺǰˡ
ܱˣûУûУףĸףҰ


139 ʾ

ЦЦ˵ˣôأϹүֱţҾ͵ûĶӣ
ܻܱϹүתһ
ܱЦЦʹ˹ȥҴТŮȻ˽ͨ
ЦЦſڵϡ
Ϲүæ˰ܱס
̫ƽд常˵ûŹЦЦⲻ֤𣿡
Ϲүָܱ˵ȥҽ첻㣡
ܱĹĵˣʱ޺޵ص̫ƽһۡ
Ϲү˦ӡʧԭΪģ
̫ƽдֳЦЦǶȻٻضˡ游ĸ
Ϸ˵ЦЦԺͰסһ徲Ҳи顣
ЦЦ˵лĸл̫ƽ㡣
̫ƽдҾȥ㷿õϷԺ󡣶ͲùȥˣҲûпĹ
ЦЦʵˣѾˡѾûʲôˡ
ЦЦȷȥˡ
̫ƽд游常ӺĸĪǾ𣿡
Ȼܡ£ھǣ»ҪԴΪءϷ̾Ϣ˵̫ƽΪ˶ˡʲôѴֻ游룬Ӧġ
˵꣬Ϸ˿һԴͷ̾϶ү
Ϲү˵̫ƽ´˵ȴ󹦣Ȼǲģ˵ɣҪʲô
̫ƽдŮĶǱ֮£رֻǣ׼Ȼϣ׵ķҡĸƽʱæµȻȥԴɨ׵ķ䣬ŮҪΪ״ɨ
Ϸ˵̫ƽТ˳Ǵɨ㸸׷ĲӣТ˳Ҳڱ𴦣αҪȥµ֮أ
̫ƽдҲȻˣļԼȥɨôأ˵ˣ׷жദطŵģǲܹԴɨġԣЩҪĹﶼ˳Դɨŷġ
Ϸ˵ȷвֳŵģþûɨˣȻ̫ƽģɣȥɨЩ۵Կףȥˡ
ǡϷԴ򿪳룬ȡһԿݸ̫ƽ
ϹүгɣϷЦʲô̫ƽԼˣѵܸԿˣ㵣Щʲôѽ
Ϲүε˵ҲڵʲôֻǰǽЩԿǱܣ˭ܸģĪ𣿡
ҶӣĻôأֻǣ̫ƽ׹ŮԼˡԿ׽̫ƽôأϷ˵
Ϲү˵Ҳա
̫ƽд游ĸģҴɨϾͻԿ赹黹
ǣ̫ƽˡ
񷿼Կˣ
̫ƽСӺԼСҪʮݵĵͼ̫ƽ֮ǰһֱûа취ΪСõ
ֵ֮ʣ̫ƽ˳ķ䣬һɹȡ˳Կס
ֻǣ̫ƽ˳룬ûҵʲôͼ
˵ʲôʮݵĵͼˣͨĵͼҲ
̫ƽ̾˿СǲǸˣһֱڻôôҪĵͼأ
̫ƽ̾ȥͰԿ׻Ϸˡ
ʱԧѾӺȥլˡ
һֻܴˮ˳ָûʲôԵģ۽Ĳݴ
ֻΧźɻתתȥ峺ĺˮѵĵӰ˳ˮ˷ܡΪʲôóԵģһιȥӰӾûˡ
̫ƽȥ֡ԧպҲڡ
̾˿˵ԧȥˣ֪̫ˡûлȥң֮һվɡûκļ󡣡
ǻ᲻ԧ쿴أ̫ƽд
ŮʲôãⷽǼõģ˶ûпôȻûˡ˵
ǿɾˣûлȥңȥ˺δأ̫ƽһ
˵֪˻ȥģֻҲôǳסġֻ˶ûлȥҡ
̫ƽ˼߻صԼԺ
̫ƽ£ٵȥһյ裬˵ﳢǷһأ
̫ƽͷдϪɽô
Ц涮裬һȾͺȳˡȷǲɼϪɽ˵ЩδǵŮԲɼġǲɲ貢ŵ¨ȲصԼǰȵȫɼˣٴǰȡ˵Ůء
̫ƽ˼ڣȻīбǴ˹
īȥСļ


140 

ͥڼûз磬ȵ̫ĺɻɹһϢǳļ㣬ǻȥ
ī˵ūȥСļˡ
ô˵̫ƽūǶ£ֻٺī
ī˵СļѾǿһ֮ǰСĵĸ׶ˣʹھӣ˵ĸѾˡھȥСһƽ˽١ҲСûн㣬Ҳ֪
̫ƽдСһǸطѾס˼ʮˡƽӲ˴򽻵ôһҺ֪أ̫ˡ
˵᲻Сһ֮ǰûסģǽŰأ
ū澲СһҵĻСƸ׵֡ǼѾмʮˣһ֮ǰססأī˵ˡū澾Ȼʲôûв鵽
ⲻܹ㣬Խǲ鲻ԽʾСĺСǼϸ̫ƽдȻˣС쵽Ժȥɣ֮ǰΪɡСģûйϵС仹ССϳɣСĺĸԺҲʲô
̫ƽȻܹ죬СûãСݺݵشСһ龰СǺݶ̫ƽĺ̫ƽ֮ǰȻСࡣ
ǣȥС࣬˵С岻ã»ᴫȾˡ
ʱ͹յյСʽ
СӴװݻķ˳һС̫˵Сӣ̫Ҫˡ
Сæ񣬡ǣǧꡣСˡ
Сһɫۣɣߵ԰Ȳ衣
һ·϶˸ͣ
Ȼ̫Сӱһ̺ۣڲزסСһ信
źȲʱһ¶׷£ģӺۣ˹
ʱһ΢紵ִɳɳ졣
ҶڷҡҷϣݻƵҶûӰݽΧס
ӺСǰʱһЦ⣬벻ͬľǧ˹¼š
Ӻˣûй¼ţֻ¡񣬽в˶Ļ̫Ҫҡ縺Σɲ˶ѡ
ʲô̫ȻҪԽ𣿡Ӻһ
СϸָḧźĻʽٵС̣üëһ˵̫һֱҪôҲ빬Ŀġ
Ӻ¿ûˡѹ˵˼˵ҲԸԿʵͰ̫󣿡
Сӵ˵ͷһ࣬ǻϵˣ̫˾پǹȻϡϸ̫֮һҪ󡣡
ӺЦ붼뵽ɡ
СӲٴ𻰣üвյ
Ӻ˵Ҽܹˡ
Сɫһףε˵Ѿܾûмˡܻס
ܹϾҪ빬ˡӺ˵ţóһɽСӷϡ
ϣҪ빬ȶҪӡС̾һСӺܺÿ
ǺܺÿӺ˵ҲҴһڻʹҪСİ
лӺСӶɽСӰ֡

̫ƽͷһ١һķʩ죬һɫĳȹһ˫۵ѥԺ
ˡ
еӰ¡سĴ˼Ҳ׷׼뵽˸ĹС
ǮĳǮûǮĳ
ڴҵЭ£سĻѾһձһպˡ
ΪˡҲˡ
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ˡ
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141 û

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£ϸ̫ƽһۣЦ̫ƽԽԽÿˡ
ý㣬ͲҪȡЦˣɱһ̡̫ƽдԼѡ˺ӡѰƸС
ЦҿӮ㣬Ǳ塣˵һӡ
̫ƽҲһӡ
һȥģٸǻ˺üβ衣
ŮԶרעӿǳˡ
ЦҵĻ¾ǵҲֲʤɴ㡣ŪˣûҪ㽲ء
̫ƽдô֪أʵվˣҲӮˡ
Ҳ̧̫ˡҵպòλ᲻֪أ֮ǰ壬ҿûͻġ̾˿Ҫ̫ƽһңҾͺˣϧѽ͡
ȥվĽǶһ밡ϱźܶһʱ֮ԺĽء̫ƽд
ǹȥģȥϲˣˡԴ̸̫һ֮󣬺Щ꣬ڱܿңһ˵ҲҰˡҾÿ϶̫˵ʲôйҵĻзȻ˵
ˣˣǵֲΧ˵ģԼҲӵоʵǲǣ˵˵ȥҪô˵ֵ״ԪĿˡҪҪȥأ̫ƽд
״Ԫֻ˲ſԿԵĶôֵأҲϣԼŮൢȥء˵˵Ҳ֣ҸΪų书ãҵͰҴСкԸǸкһģһҸõŮһˣҸûУжȻֳȥˡ
̫ƽд˵ʲôأһ᲻лأҿǻûгء
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ĪǸ˵µúã
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˵̫ƽҲŷίеĸ
˵һֱڰŷȥЩ£̫ƽһ
һְĵõܡѹ˵ЩһֱŷҵֵյĹܶ˶֪µŷңǶģܹһһƽɼ˵罻
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ּ˳ְĶѾˣôֻ޶˶һȻְĵõΪλȥŷأѵ֪ΪŰĺ
Ӻְ̫ƽд
ְɲߣ֪ߵһ飬׳ƹӣǴȻְߣеõĽ鱦һǺܶģȻȥôΣյ飿Ҫ֪õôŷңһˣѲˣᱻһģҲΪµһֱպҪٷơҲûз
̫ƽĳǿѹһӣˡ
ū澡
˵ˡԲˡ
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ֻ뿴ǲְĵõܡ̫ƽдּҵ걻ųնֻʣһ磬֪¡ôأ
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˵ҿ취Ǽ棬̫ƽҵ£Ѿú֪ܶˣǵĴΣգķȥôһ𣿡
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ɱ֪Цźһڲ衣


142 

Ըꡣ̫ƽһ
е˵˷ˣǰɽӵɽ棬ΪȻŻյɽɽϣֻаµĵţţЩնסɽϣҲһˡĺȴ͡
˺ݶôùٸץҲҵĴˡ̫ƽߵд
ܹɱȻҪκ֮ģȥ͵ŷʧȥ֣ΪЦҪȥұһ֮
ǺãǾ͹ͬȥ̫ƽд
ǣк̫ƽΪġԼʱ䡢صͷ
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ݴӰζ
ж̫ƽ˵Сղǵļƻȥ˿ɲãҵ׷ȥס
̫ƽ˵ͷ
ˣһĳ˳ȥ˲ݴ
˵ղ뿪ӰȥСӡ
˵褺𣿲ܰɣ褺Ѿȥѧˡ̫ƽд
ǣūָ湫ӡٽ͵
棿̫ƽһ
ԭԴܱ÷蹷Ӻ̫ƽ褺鱻¶ܱ֮һֱġ
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ΪϾǶ书ġݴϸ΢жܲصùأ
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ôˣ̫ƽд
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֪Ůкˡҿûжʼ㣬㲻Ҫô࣬ΪأԽãôһŮкܵҽ㣬ȻǸ˵ò̫ƽЦд
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е˵ͷ
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Ԫ˵Ǹɴ˵˰ɡ
ǲ֤ǶʧŷأҲǣҲǣϷȻǽ֡
ϷˣҼҹһƿԽ¡Ȼٴ߽˵


143 

̫ƽҲ˽
̫ƽΪҽ𣿡Ϸ˷ǳϲ
̫ƽϷԣϷ˵֣дĸպ̫Ӽͱ۷׷ˣŷӲܵڲ֪ô֮ǰΪʲôƫҪʱأԭֻһǾŷӶսĸ鲢ֻǳԼûӡԲŹҶһ˵
㿴⿴úúϬȷŷӸҲһ֮˾жĸˡϷЦô̫ƽ֮Ӧΰأ
ŷӹҪһ˵ΪǳǿóһսõŮӸôͲˡ̫ƽƶд
ģôû뵽Ϸ˸˼ˡ
Ԫ˵ǣŮأ
ϷЦȻ̫ƽ顣ɼѾɫʵѡˡ
̫ƽ㻹ʲôӣң˭ȽʺϣԪεʡ
̫ƽֽд֣ݸϷˡ
Ϸ˿˶ʱüͷУɲС
ĸΪʲôأֻ֪ĸӦΪŮɫһź¡
ŷʲô˼ңǳŮܹŵģ˵ˣŷΪУ֪ˮȴ֪ĸһȥŷҵأϷ̾˿
Ԫ͵ǰȻŷӣδؾҪһŮŮѽ
ŷ֮ǰеҲŮͬŮΪʲôտԣˮͲأȻˮòϱȲաˮʢˣԸϾͱպõöࡣ̫ƽдȢȢͰ
ȻҲŮҰģŷȢҲŵԡŷȻӣھȴвܶ˶˵״ԪŷУöŮϲôֵòƽƽˮأֻˮŷҲǿϣСˡⲻǶǶӼǺ𣿡Ϸ˵
ԪҲ˵ѽˮԸȻպã黭ʹ嶼ѣòҲǲУûһõġϷ˵ҪŮһź£ҲӦŷѽ
ˮĹȻˮһǡŮ޲űǵ£ΪʲôԵʲôȱǿˡߣǸŷͼʲôֲҪŷҵҪȻôѡһأŷǲܹ̳ŷʲôģĸֻһϲܸʲôҲˣǲҪŷΪ̰ī鱻ϲ鴦ŷӳɼ֮ûסŷ棬ô鴦Ҳ鲻ˣ˱ܱ֤ŷһѺáҪŷԭѽ̫ƽдһڴϷˡ
Ԫ˵ĸףҲҲʵѡȴˮһԡŷӿϣҲˮãѾˡĸǰҲԲ֮ǰĻˣǹú벻öĸûйϵˡ
Ϸ˿Ԫ̫ƽô˵ӦˣǾˮһ԰ɣɸɶˣܹҲ͵һˡֻ̫ƽǲ֪ˣˮûеòأ
̫ƽдǡûзϡ
ΪϷ˺εȻ۽𾦣̫ƽǷˣϵٴҲϷ˴Ӵ˶̫ƽˣ󷽷سˡ
֮Ҫ뽨βסҪʱ䣬Ҫ㹻ȥ߻ǣѾΣҪݻȴǷǳ׵ġ
̫ƽǳϧϷ˶Ρ
Ϸ˵Ҿ֪̫ƽġ
ԪȥӴŷӣ̫ƽˮ棬濴ȥ
ŷһ˲šˮˣóˮŷǷǳġ
ԪڸŷӼ򵥿֮󡣾Ҫˮŷӵ¡
ŷǷǳġ
Ԫ˵ˮòƽƽʲôóʱŷӾȻǳ⡣˵Ů޲űǵ£ȢֲǲӣֻҪһ߾Ϳˡôݵ飬˶
Ԫϲ벻ŷ˿˵ȻˣôͬˣŷӿԸȥҸһô
ŷӾȻӦˣ˵ᾡȥ˫ͬ⣬վͻס
˭֪Ȼһ죬ˣɢһء


144 

ŷӿȥֻһಢüۼ䶼ϵŮӣع˳ֱ
ԭˮ
ոŷͬ˸ˮ£ˮһʱ˷ܹȣСĳžģˮ˳
ǸжˮѽѾԸˮѽ
ˮ̫࣬ƽ˳סˮ
Ԫæܣλˮ
ŷӿˡ
ĿԡĿⶼշˡ
̫ƽЦˣߵԪд常磬ŷӺˮлɣ
Ԫ˵ͷð
˭֪ŷʱȴһڸܾˣҺˮﲢδɻ飬˽첻Ϲءһ֪ģףȻеʱ䡣
ˮȴЩʧ
Ϊ΢ﲢûн̸ܣôڵŮӣӸ˵ϣھܹŷ˵һҲûʲôġ
ŷӶܾˣˮҲ˵ʲô
ŷˡ
̫ƽдǹϲˮˡ
ŷӳǰÿҲ֪ʲôˣˮȴûġ
ǿˣܲ˸˭˵һҪŮӲܵõкӵϲأҲиԵġ̫ƽοд
ˮЦ̫ƽ˵ҾĶˡ
Ԫ˵ߣҼ̾ͰϢϷȥ
Ϸ˵ȻǸ˼ˣֻǡˮϲɫǣŷȻͬˣԼֲܸԼģĪҪ˵̫ˣŮӼһҪһЩΪãߣ°ֶûһƲأ㼱ʲôŮԽӵȴԽԵļֵ
ϷȰ˵ˮһ⣬ǣˮȴ⣬ϷǹҪɢŷӣ˽º̫ƽһʱͺĸϲңҼױҲͰˣһζڿҡ
ĸ˵Ҳû̫ƽд
̫ƽ㡣Ҳ˵ĸǶԵġĸԭͲϲҡŲΪҺءˮЦ
̫ƽдĸû˵ױԼں˼ˡ
ߡ̫ƽ㲻ţʱ򿴾֪ˡ̫ƽǲ֪Ѿ㵱֪ĵˣõѣԣЩŻ˵ˮм˵
лˣˮãĸױһġϧûж٣ֻܼ򵥵ظױˡ̫ƽд
̫ƽ㣬ôáҸͷˮ˵Ҫ¡
̫ƽæסˮдҪãҿ㵱á
Ȼܴ¶߹߱Ц̫ƽôԭһΪֻһǽĺءˡ
̫ƽߵǰˣдã㲻Ҫʼɰɣ֪˵Ц
ˮ˵ˣܣҸ̫ƽϵٺãҲȲѽ
ˮ˵žˡ
̫ƽܵʲô¡
ý㣬Ҿ˵˵ѵһҪ𣿡ҡ̫ƽ֡
ѽҪô˵ǡ̫ƽҡҡͷ
ʱٹ˵޴ͷͲˣӣ𴲶ܹˡҲ֪ʲô
̫ƽһ
ʵ̫ƽͷɫ԰ףһʱˣûйԼ
˵Щӡ޶̫ƽسǸտˣôԼòأ
̫ƽдɵѾͷβԼѵͲò˵ҽͲˣ
Ц˵üǡ
Ժū澵Сľϡͷ̣ȫܳء
أôû̫ƽ߽д
ˡѾߵ˵
ӣôôŨصζš
Ѿ˵޵֪ԼˣдҩȥûɹԾζˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
޽ŵҪӴ
̫ƽҡҡʾɻȥȻ޵Ĵߣް
޵һ̣̫ƽͷȫ̵
޵ҲǺһ
̫ƽ޿һӣõʯ֪ĸ
̫ƽҩݸߵѾ֮󣬱Ѿȥҩ
Ϊܹգ̫ƽó룬޵Ķһ¡
۵üͷ壬Ҳһûпԡ
ڼ˼Ѫ֮޵ɫϾͺÿ˺ܶࡣ
лū澺öˡ޸ж˵
̫ƽҪߣȻϷһСӣʱ۾һܹȥ
̫ƽôˣʵ


145 ұ

ɽСӴģ̫ƽһ
̫ƽǵúҵĴұ
ҵСܹһԣȸץʱѾˣֻǲ֪Ϊλ
̫ƽһ죬˵СӣūسҽʱżӺū澵ġʱӺǳмū澾δҵĲʹӻС͸ū澣ū澲ҽܡӺִ˵ūĲҪûȥ㡣ūӺǽū֣֮Ծͽˣûһֱˡ
̫ƽСӡ棬ԭѣǧҵӺҪȻӺôõСأ
ȸǷǳԴұģˡ
һΪ˸лӺ֮й
ǣӺΪʲôҪС͸أѵӺǶ˼
á
ӺΪѾܶˣҪҸ˳ףŮһŵĶУĵλŻִܻһѾߡ
Ҳ˵̫ƽѾߣӺҲֻһ֮Եˣ׾Ͱ˵ĴұСתأ
ôӺǳʲôԭأ
ܴʱѾСӿͣˣʲôÿģʶˣ߲߰ģ־ɡӺҲ̫ûгˡôû
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ʱʹŮһͰһͰı̫޹ᡣ
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Сӿ˿Сӣ΢΢һЦҾĿԴˡ
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⻰һʮŮ˵Ȼ˵ɭɭĸо
¶˵ҲգֻҪˣôУ˾Ϳˣ޷ǼѾ߰ˡ
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¶˵ǾȻС㲻ˣŶ˷ѿˣǵĽţӳȥι
ҪˣҪС㣡
ǣѾǵİûл˵
ǱƵԺ䣬ʱǶʧȥ˫š
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ܱ˽
ضѪܱ˷ʲô£ɫˡ
Դз֮һյƢ쳣꣬Ѿǿ
֮ǰֻǴ°ˡû뵽ڻѾ˫Ŷϡ
ܱ˵ͷҪٸǲѾߣô˷أƽʱҩǮѾǺܴĿ֧ˣǾȻ˭ҪǲˣҲˣαػǣôصˡҿûа취Сֻˡ
¶˵ûйܺŮҲվŮĽǶһ롣ﶼȥãѾˣЩѾ߻ŭﻹЦǲзϣѾҪʲô
԰Ƿȥǻõӻ㲻֪ڹٳϴ㣬ȱľ㲻Ϊҽ⣬鷳ܱܲˡ
¶á
˵壬ǱˡﻹһЩ㹻µѾˣȥðɡ
¶һжôأôأ
ûϵģͰѶҵĸĸһˡҲϣܹڹٳˮ֧ʲôأպӣҲǵġ˵
¶Žӹ
ܱļ򣬺Ȼ˵棬ҪɲţֻȥѧǲģҪһʦָͱ褺Ǹʦ
ʼĸΪģĸƫ
Ͱ褺ʦ


146 ı

޵ֱҧ壬˵治̫ƽĶѽѾüĸˡ֪ʲôʱȥ褺ʦأ
ܱ£˿ڲ˵Ҳô˵㱳ңʲô
˵ҵжûɡҸȥ˱ĸȥ˵ʦҡʦѧʶûҶأʲôң
ܱ˵Գȥ褺㣬ѵ褺һв𣿡
̾˿̸װ֮ǰ˷蹷ȥϮ褺㣬Ҳǹһұȶ岻磬ʲô취أ
Ҿԭƻеú˳ģ褺ѾжҪˣ˭֪·ɱ̫ƽȻҽôտ蹷ֲ֢κˡۿ褺˲šܱһĲ豭Ƭ
عڵء
˵˵̫ƽ̫ѶԸˡֻΪ̫ˣеĻ
棬˵ûУ̫ƽϾҪ빬̫ߵĹŮˡȥ죬öԸ褺ĻᡣܱյЦ
ϲģ̫ƽˣ褺㲻ֵһᡣұɱ
ܱЦ
˵ɱҲûáֲ̫ƽ̫ƽ˵ġ
Ųᡣܱ˵Ͳˡ褺һΨһĶӣϷôܲȥʱ˵ϲ̫ƽϷҲ̫ƽϳȥˡ
Цʱͷһ¾ǰ常Ϊľλ̳ˡ
¶˸Ǹúӣƽû㡣
ܱȻҲЦˡǺܸˣ˵⵹һõϾֻӣ϶Ϸǲͬġ
Ϊǳġ
ң˵ľλҸΪֹܱһ̾ϢΣˣϿջسȻ
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ȴܾˣҲڶ̫ãϷ˲ˡ
Ҳաϲ฾ǽЩȽϺáܱ͵ؿ˵棬̫ƽǶӱˡҺϲ㡣
ǰĶӰҿɻõ裬Ҳѹ㸸ôϲ㡣ɱǸͷԵ褺㣬ǿˡ¶Ҳ͡
л塢佱ˡ
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̫ƽȴ̫һȻڴ˯
ǹ̫ƽ𴲡
ȴִ齱ߵϻһ鼮
˵ԭҹ鿴ˣˡ
̫ƽ˸
٣ȥùǲӵĺʱڡɻлˣӽˡ̫ƽд
˵ǣܵŰɡ
ȥ׼ðԵĲҪһԡ̫ƽд
ܹˡ
ý㣬ѾԹţΪ˺һҿٳһ㡣˵
ãҪһء̫ƽд
ððȤˡȤ
Ҿ֪ûϲǻ˱ĹŮֻۻء̫ƽд
˭̫ƽ֪ءЦ
һСۣԺСŴ
̫ƽһӷһҧдóԡղµӳˬ𡣡
ܲӡȴҳԣҶҪūǲɹϴˣװųԵģֱҿǴûԹ᲻жأ
㿴ûбأҲڻúõ𣿡̫ƽЦд
Ǻҧһڡۣĺܺóԡ
ЩһгƤݵӸˡ
ƤϷ˵ֵܵĶӡ⼸յõϷ˵룬ڶͣΪ׼ԡϷ˷ǳ۰Ƥݡ԰Ĵ߶
ƤݿڳòСڲֲū澣С㡣
˭ҵĹ
Ƥߵ̴ӸһЩĶ쵰Ĺ̫ƽԲĽСһĹܣıá
ԭҵıѽƤһ̾λˮһŮӺϡ
̫ܿƽ㣬㿴Ǳվһֻͷʫأˣڿ˭ڿء
̫ƽȥУȻվһ꣬ģøмơ
̫ƽ㣬ֻͷ쳯߹أܾ


147 

λúãҽгƤݣǵı磬ڹѧϰλָ̡Ƥ߹ͷ
ɫĽ߰ӣﴩɫ£һ˫ɫƤѥ䴦ǰװ׵ģܸɾ˿ǳ󡢱ӡ
ЦһУôʹˣҪȥĸȥ
̫ƽдܣˣ뿪ԺԺСȥĸĸҪֵĿأ
ָܰߣһЦ̫ƽ㣬ҿɵӣϷŪһ°ˡɱ˵ȥ֪ǲԺأ
̫ƽҡҡͷεдɲ̫ˡô˵ǵı硣
˵磬ҲһЩӣҪҪһѽζء
Ƥܳ˵ãô˼أ
˵ԾͿԣֻôݸأܻ˻ӡ
ƤסˣճǶ飬治֪ôȥãҪҲȥ
ɵô룬ʲôأһֲͽӵ𣿡˵
ƤӱɲϲôƯСˣæȥ
ǣ־ٳҲ
ɲñ˿ҧȥ˭֪ͨһˮ
֪ˣæ̫ƽϰߡ
ܣ㿴˼Ҷˮˡôһ֮أȥкСȥɣ̫ƽд
Ҫˡ϶Ӿġܿɲ뱻˵׽ŪˣæС뿪ˡ
̫ƽЩ̣ƵϣкǱߵСˣˮˣǿȥˡ
ֱС˹ȥ̫ƽ뿪
ƤݹȻӾʱ򱻾
ϢܿʹϷ˵ĶϷæơ
Ƥ˭Ҳᡣ̫ƽС˾¡
Ϸ˷ɣˣ̫ƽôʱǱأ
ʱ̫ƽһ·ȥټѾ߻ϡ
УԺǰʱ̫ƽһ󰧺
ǲҲҪˣ̫ƽ̲ס˭
ٴ˵ԭǶ˼ū澣ǵ˫ţҲԸ⻨ǮȥǣԾͰǶԺˣЩЩūǴġ
̫ƽǳдѾ߾Ͳ𣿺ö˶˵ҪŰ
˵Ƕļ£ǲֻ²ðɡ
ѾǶһҵˣ£Ҳ֪ҲͰˣ֪ˣӲȸЩɱ˵ʲô𣿡̫ƽд߽˶
ܱѾȥˡ¶ڷ硣
̫ƽҲȥ¶ֱӾȥЩϽŵѾ̧ߡ
ͷ¶æ߳ȥһЦҵ˭أԭ̫ƽô̫ƽ浱ԼǶĹܼˣʲô¶Ҫҷū㶼Ҫˣ
̫ƽߵдұٵĻӲģҪ˵ѾߣмǸǩģӦú඼Ƕ̹߳ǵҪġ
⻰ŵ¶ɫ԰ףΪκ¡¶˭˵ˣҵūôˣɲܡãҪǰɣǵȶˣˣҾ͵͸лˣ㶼ȥˡ
̫ƽæ˰ЩѾ߶ߡ
̫ƽҪߵʱ¶ſЦɱʱҲҽҩãҸ㣬ͳšǾ͸޹ϵ
̫ƽûд𻰣˳ȥͷҲء
ԶЩһϲֶΡ˵ǽͨģ̫ƽҲмȥ˷ʱǽ
̫ƽиЩѾҽΡ
ҺҽεüʱסǵΪȫʧȥ˫ȡҲܹжˣҪ˵ˡ
һʱ֮䣬̫ƽǳˡ֪ΰˡ
²ѣѾںס
ʱϷҪ̫ƽ͹ȥˡ
ϷǳƤݵ£˵ʱ㿴ˣкСȥҪȻˡҺ֪ƤôȥģôڳǱߵģ
̫ƽһ֪Ƥ׽Ū£׽ŪòˣԺҲȥ״ȥƽ˵Ķ񣬿ɼƤǸʵ˰
龭ôϷԺĿô࣬ܵڶûȥϷ˵ġ
Ϸ֪ʵȴȻѯ̫ƽɼϷ뿴̫ƽ᲻˵ʵ̫ƽʵǰ
ѾͷôƤϷüëƤҲ̫ʵˣⶼ˵ǰ˵ˡ
û˰ɣ̫ƽд
Ϸ˵˵ͷƤԭⱻˮһûͿסˣڻϢء
̫ƽдġŮһ£ĸ
ŶϷ˵ˡ
̫ƽдһѾߣֶίʵпᡣЩѾ߶ŮԺǣŮȴ֪Ҫôˡ


148 뻢Ѩ

̫ƽǰѶŰѾߣԼ̫ƽѾ͵ԼԺε£һһϷˡ
Ϸ˷ǳЩ˶𣿾Ȼɥ飿Ѿû˫ȣأֲǴС㣬˻źⲻҪǵ𣿾Ȼȫ˦̫ƽҲóУϰǽйǱҲñҲñ
̫ƽһдֻҪĸѾǵضܱסˣϾٵĻǵǴɵġ
Ƕȴûһ˹
ū澹˵ܱˣ¶Ҳȥȥˡһˡ
¶˵̫ƽȥϷˣΪʱ䣬ɴһ֮ˡ
úúáҿǶ˳һܷõʮ壡Ϸ˷ǳ
̫ƽдĸҪģչ黹ǻġǲȥġ
ڶԴסжöģھ׾ݵĶ˵õʡǮɵӲŻȥء
ʱֹ˵Ƥݲأֻȥˡ
̫ƽæϷȥƤݡ
ֻƤϣΪ֮ǰˮʱ˲ˮӹĹĵġ
ԭۺɫҲˮɫһס
̫ƽߵƤݵߣȻڳƤݵı̽̽
ƤݵıҲһƬ䡣
̫ƽֱƤݵȥ͡
ƤһЩ࣬Ӳݣﶼ˳
ǳƤû˿ѵļ
ǣ̫ƽ˰æŰѳƤݸ
̫ƽҪѳƤݶˮŪųƤݡȻ̫ƽȭͷڳƤݵĺȥá
һ£̫ƽ˺ü£Ƥգգ۾еˡ۾ֱϵġ
̫ƽ°ѳƤݷϣѳƤݵͷһߡ
ţ̫ƽóȥõĴ˹ˡ
̫ƽū澸Ƥιȥ
һƤݵĶ﷭Ƥ˺ööࡣ
֮󣬳Ƥݵľ񽥽ָΪˮʱˣƤݻЩͷѣġ
̫ƽһЩ롣Ƥơ
̫ƽڳƤݵͷѡüѨλȻͷƤ˽ȥ
Ϊ̫ƽַƤݻûоôۡ
ͷͬʱ̫ƽҲڳƤݵ˺ܶ롣
ͨһĲ֮󣬳Ƥѹ
̫ƽҲæҩ뿪ˡ
Ϸ˻ڷƤѹϷˣ˵ڻУҿһã绨ڸβָοҡ̫ţ˭
Ϸ̾˿˵˭µ˾ı̫ƽ
Ƥ˼ԭ̫ƽСð
ʱܱؼˣȻķһʲôˣһ˭
ʲôʱʼ常صԼﶼ³ˡĪΪ̫໵£𣿡̫ƽЦŵݹȥ֡
ܱˣˣǱˣ̫ƽ
ô㣿ܱȭͷɵսˡ
Ȼˡ
ܱȥĺɲ֪ʲôʱѾ˺
ĺ̫ƽѾߣôαȻǸ̫ƽġ
үǹǹҪӵġĺ˵ЩѾǵ£Ϸ˶Ѿ֪ˡ
ܱһȻŭ˶ֲѵң
ĺɶ书Ųܱأ˵ǹҪ˵ġ
̫ƽʱѾվд常Ϊ˺ѽҪȻĸ¸ߵ游ȥһпɶˡǶ常ԼȥĸӱȽг⡣
㡭ܱЦ̫ƽ벻𣿡
̫ƽд常ĸ֪ҪˣҶ֣ҲʱԼְ
ܱ˲ֱĸоѵû˶˵̫Ůӻ᲻ϲ𣿡
Ƕ常˾ãǶ常ܴеѽͱĸͺϲŮӡ̫ƽŵд
ܱЦӺϲѵû֮֡ǰһֱڿ˵Ҫ׵ӺڶҲ˵ˣڶ˺ܶء
ѵǶ常Ӻԡ˵ʲôô常治ƻĿɲһ˵Ŷ常ŮҲܵӰ졣һپ٣һĵ常᲻֪ɣΪܱĻ̫̫ƽҲûбŭЦдǣ常ѾȥˣôֶŮһж޹ءĪǶ常ȲҪ뿪𣿡
ܱöͷֱ̫ƽ㲻Ҫˣ


149 ̯

常ֵʲô򣬽ľʲôҵΣ֪ˣ죬ܹһĵط̫ƽдͰֽ˺ˣˡ
ܱһȭʹϡ
ʱϺõ̴ľӾʹһȭͷĶ
¶ʱˡ
ѽΪһüӳأˣϺõ̴ľֵѽһ򡣾ʹһͲˡ֮ǰѾ򻵹һˣôӸڰ¶ϧˡ
ܱ˵̫ƽֻС꣬ҳɱ
Сĵ㡣˵ô죬ˣ˵ĳݶˣ㿴˼̫ƽǰ˵ϸ˵ñȷۻأͲ֪ѧһ㣡¶ñ˸ܱȽˣܱϲ¶ľһ㡣
Ȼô˵̫ƽҪȥӣԼȥϷ˽Ǯɣҿụ̂ģܱĹĵطȥ
ôû˵ˣ¶Ҳ˵á˴ȴҪȥԣʲôˣ̯࣬ˣ
գܱϷˣӡ
ϷֵЩѾߵͲ㾹Ȼ̣вõѾ߽ŷˣαҪأǶһʴȴˣһǴ˳ȥɾͻپˣ
֪ˣĸףҲãҹܽ޷ҵļĴ£ʲôҪҵŵģұػᵣ𡣡ܱͷ˵
ô˵ε£ҪθˣϷ˺ܲ⡣
ǵģĸסܱˣϷ˽ôһֱץ˵ͣأϴˣˣҲ˵ḺˣŹ
ܱУ˲ˣ˾Ӧöж¡ٲƽϡ
˭֪Ϸ˷³ɺһˣĳ£Ϊιܽ޷أΪһ֮˷ҲΣѵˣ˵ˣ¯һûأ㲻ҵǸһѵ¯Ĩ˶ҩΪҪӺңҶҼӺʵĳ̫ݶˣҶ㲻㣬һ㡣㾹ȻͼӺңȡĵλΪһܹɹҸ㣬һŵһգ񣡡
˵ܱѣæ£ͣͷĸҴˣһʱͿ¯Ĳ֪飬ĸףϹԭǺѽ¯أĸ졣
ðԲ£ҽҲͲ˵ˣҾ㣬˵ҪһǲĶģΪ֮ǰڱʱһల£һȥҳˣҸ㣬ĶҹôҾа취ôǴģԶƽϢ飬ʡԶ֣Ϸ˵꣬Ϊ˱ùڵص¡
˴̶ֱܱġ
̧ܱͷϷϵ飬ȻˣҪ֣ƺ̫һ㡣
ΪھˣⶨľλҲֲܱ
ܱƾ϶үȥˣôܱûʵܱʲôϷ˶أ
˵ˣϷ˻һԪ
ԪϷģϷԪλҲܱλġ
ܱĻȡҵİ֮ǰʲôġ
ͨЩܱ֮ĸˣ֪ˣԭҰɡ˹ȥסϷ˵Ľš
ͷϸղſͷĵöѪҲܲ˵öͷϷȹϲ䣬ŪϷҲȾѪˡ
Ϸŵæƿܱߡ
ĸ׼ȻԭҡҾͲˣܱȻˣˣ
Ϸû취ֻ˵ֻҪܹƽϢ£һףҾԭˡ
ܱ˵ĸףҴ磬£ӲһƽϢģĸ׷ĺˡ
ԭֵӦŽһĵġһšĵӦöϷ̾˿˻֣ˣ߰ɡ
ĸסˡܱǱ뿪ʱ̫ƽù
ܱ̫ƽʱǵͷģ֮ǰĲ
̫ƽ߽ϷȻϷ˴
Ϸ˵ܱѾӽˣҲ̯ˣ㸸׵ܰƽڱͱгͷ֮աȻˡǶԸһܱġ
ĸӢ̫ƽ侲д
бҪϷ˰æء
ĸŮ鵽θֵĸ׷ʵܹ̫ܽƽ̰īǰƣĸҪҪһ


150 

ϷһҲ֣
̫ƽͷǵģּҵĺˣְݡ
Ϸ˵۾ϴ󣬡벻ּҵųնˣְıȸȴ֪˭ȡ֮Ȼڡ
첻ּҺɡ̫ƽ̾˿д
Ϸ˵ּҵȷʫңҲΪ͢˲ٹ͡ǡ˵Ϊʲôµǰ̫ӣӺȦףﱻųն£ӺҲϹҲӺû̫Ĺϵ
̫ƽһдӺ
ǰְ˵Ӻĳˡ
ǡʲô̫ƽ֪
ǰ˵ְĺӺ֮Ĺϵһֱúתǣȸְ֮󣬾ͿʼΪּұΪּƽ֤˵ּģǻϴˡǣּѾˣʹְģ˶ѣûбʲôıʾɼ϶ּҲءϷ˵
϶ּҵȷǷǳأΪּҹְְĵĸΪߣԵãҲֻϵϲá
йּҡǰǴְĵ֪ġ
̫ƽǷǳóְĶӺǷǳ޵ġ
ְǰѶǰ̫ӵĳת޵Ӻˡ
ΪӺǰ̫ӵͬͬĸ׵ܵܡ
ĸֻҪܹʱʲô𣿡̫ƽд
Ϸ˵˵ͷҪβܸأ
̫ƽдĸѾ֪ݵ飬ְȻ󣬵ȨܶණҪ֣ͱȷ˵θױֵʣȫȨ𣬱뾭ĻѺͬ⣬ſԷųȥе˱Ҫſϴһؼ
Ϸ˵ֻһ֪ݵ飬ôôȨأ
ҲҾֵĵطһжҪȼ˲֪̫ƽд
ôˣôأ뵽Ǹ𣿡Ϸʡ
ĵϸóȻǶǷǳõģ˭֪ʲôأпܻǿĻɺͽ䱸ֻܰаһܹ뵽ҪԼ档̫ƽд
̫ƽһǶıͲҪˣͿ˵˵Ҫô˰ɡϷ˵
ŮٲϲһϴһǳĽҪҵȴڹ̶ĵصҵǴ˷ǳϲһ񡣡̫ƽдüͷһ塣
ȻЩ̫ƽ֪а̫ƽˡ
񣿡Ϸһ
ƽᰮһѻѻһѻԲ˹ѻ۾ɫġѻǳѵɱŸ뻹Ҫİ̫֡ƽд
˼ǡϷ˸Ӻˡ
ʱ䣬ҾھǳֹѻһɣѻġԣֻҪѻĵطغ򣬾ͿԵȵˡѻطھĹ԰̫ƽ۾һĨ
һǳƫƧĵطұ˵أôһǿ˵ʵóȻȥʵڲǷǳȫϷ˿ʼ
ȷǺܰȫǣϣõĸİԭ̫ƽϷ˵Ŀġ
̫ƽֱ˵ɡҪΰ㣿˼ȻϵİΣҾͱҪ̸СϷ˵
˵ʵҪԸѻףΪѻûУοǿѻҲԡҵһ档ôͲҪѻˡ̫ƽд
˼ҪȥѰֻ𣿡ϷЦ
Ҳ棬ҪǰѰңԣĸɳһЩǰ򣬼ʱջʱЩͿԴˣʱ򣬾Ͳѻˡ̫ƽƶд
ǾҪ£һڿӱ޵¡̫˰ɣϷ˲⡣
²ãҹƣ֮󣬱ҲѾõ⡣ĳҲ＾գ㺵أҲѾסˡʱÿʰˡʰ˾͵ʰߵ߹ѻ̫ƽдļ棬ȴܵȵ֮󣬱⼸졣
ΪΣ
Ϊһμ棬ڷųѻĵơΣıɱˣ֮˹ˣĸҲΪұ𡣡̫ƽд
Ϸһ̫ƽôʲôأ


151 

һֽţ档˳ë͵͵ʳѪҺֱȥ̫ƽдĸȥռʱǸոպõģΪʢ֮ʣţåձ֮ʱ
Ϸ˵˵ͷԡ̫ƽʹôȥҪҪҶɼ˱㣿
̫ƽҡҡͷ͢ôˡ£¼սʤľԲҪǻۡ
Ϸ˵ˣϲŮôȥ
ĸŮŮܸˡǡȥ̫࣬Ȼľ裬ֻͲˡ̫ƽд
Ϸ˳̾˿Ǿɼȥ
̫ƽдЩҪ书ҪȻͻᱻЩѻ֣ܵѻϮݹǣֻ״Ԫû°
Ϸ˳ţǣ̫ƽܲһȥ
ĸҡ̫ƽд
Ϸ˵ȻˣһϣΪṩһЩ
ϷԴѹ׵ڶ鱦óһ
̫ƽһ
Ϸ˵ܼҵĴ֮͸ˡ
Ϸ˾ȻѴұ̫ƽ̫ƽǳжû뵽Ϸ˶Լ˿أǹ֣صذԼϡ
벻ִȻ˳㣬ΪһҲڤڤ֮еԤɡϷ˻ϲϲذ̫ƽˣͷϻЩٸҰĦĦɣҾϲָ˸ҰĦҲָһҾˡҿɾ벻ˡϣ빬̫ߣܹٴա
ĸģ빬ҲֻΪܳͷѣ빬ôõģҲ߾ȫﲻȥĵط̫ƽϿд
ǾͺãǾͺðϷ̫ƽ֣Ц
̫ƽصԼԺȻϷ£ʵܹǲҪȥһΣյˣ
ǵģôˣϢҲͨġ̫ƽЦд
ƶˣӺ֮ǰҲԹĿǿһ˿ԶԸģȰﻹǲҪȥ˰ɡ˵
ηǵҪȥһ׼ȥҲ֪ΣգͲùȥһСɾͺáɣҲֻһ˰ˣЩ˾ͲҪν̫ƽд
빬ʱһҪұƺˣܲȥأؾܾˡ
̫ƽҲû˵ʲôֻдϣһæھĹ԰һţ̫ƽţһܿ
ӹ̫ƽţˡ
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˽ҩѾƺˡ
ùҰɡ̫ƽ˵ͷ
Ϊ˸õضԸ̫ƽްһԻɢ
Իɢûʹõʱòãһ뿪ͻӷǿԻã书ٸǿ˶Թȥ
޸̫ƽѧϰҽҽѾ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ѾΪ̫ƽĺˣԻɢȻڻ¡
һж׼̫֮ƽϢ
ʱͰӺ
ӺȽż빬ȥСӡ
԰׷ɡ
Ϧ£
Сһݣｻл޶ľҪ
ǵġҸоҪɱӺĵ˵
ôĻ£ҲɱСЦһյף˵
ҪǶ֣ҲԼ֣ϧ㣬֮ǰҪȥŪˡɼ˷ǳôһȨƵ˶Ķ֣οһŮأӺǵ˵ȥȰضӦ
̫ƽ£˭ȰȰסġСӺһھƣ˵ɣҸдһš鷳Ӻת֮ȻҪȥôʱһ֮
ţӺһ
ԣһıСаһЦͿܹĵˡ
ӺӹǷţһ£˵ְĲ֪ƾʲôʫ˻ϣһ壬ûմãʫΪƷھˡ¿ɺˣʫͷɷְĻҪһˡ
СЦְˣΪӶ׵óȥֵҶ֡
ְľʲôĿأӺʵ


152 

ְĿǳˣʲôĿģСЦţӺΪ˷ġȰɣ̫ϲƣһھͬ¶һ㣬㳢һɡ
ӺǳǳһЦ˵ʵԽԽˡɩ֮鿴һܸ˵ġ
СȴĿһ࣬ȻȻǵġĸ׻ԵģȻҵ빬
ǰ̫磬һֻƽȻϣԼΨһġĶӾ빬֮͢Уϣܹƽġ˳ƽ
Ӻ̾һˡˡȾưɡ
ززһ쳾ڹ԰ͣ¡
ˡԼĪʮͷͦΣϴߡ
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ĵϣһ˫Ƴѥŵ----˷š
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154 

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155 

̫ƽû˵ʲôֻѾһƻǾԲȥģõˣˣΨһܻرǵġ
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ǿԼȥ˵ܹʵ̫ΣˣΪʲôұأʵǿΪġ
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156 

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157 

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ٶһ̫ƽҲܽ
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Ȼ紵ݶӴϵ
е


158 С

ǴԵģڵϾȻˣѪ
̫ƽæһȥ
ԲûɣʱˣĵĻ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵ЩҼˣôסأ㣬ôˣôôصأ
˵ҰЩɱˣЩɱ־鷳ҸǶԴ̫࣬ͰҴ˳ˡ
Һ㣬ҪǲҡͲˡ̫ƽΡ
ǧ˵һжĸԸġ˵žͿۡ
̫ƽʼ鿴ƣãĽƺء
ҲܹзϵġΪһҪˡ
ģڣһܾ㡣зϵġ̫ƽĵ˵
һ̫ƽڣȷǳġ
ٿġ
ǣ̫ƽһȦ룬Ľ׾Ϳʼ롣
Ϊжڽ̫ƽ˸Ĳַ
̫ƽ̲ϵȪѨѨһһ⣬һһش̡
̻Ƿǳ۵ģǣҧûнʹ
Ŵ壬ָպˡ϶Ǻˮ
ٿ˷ǳۣ˲
֮˺ܶࡣ
ҪȬǵþһκܳʱƲС
ֻż̫ƽҲ㲻ǿ̡
Ϊϲмص㻹ҪΡ
̫ƽ˺ܶεķӣ
ЩõĴ඼ǰ֮ģȻõҩ
˷ӵ֮⣬̫ƽرӶָ
ǵļҪĻҪǿ
˵ҩҪûлеƶۿۡ
Уȶˣ϶ˡҩЩԱ˵
Ҳβȼ̫ƽһ˵
ðɣҶˡһΡ
̫ƽͷǽһ̸һϷҪѧ
˵գ̫ƽǰϷϷ滺Ҳͣǻ֮ˣҲǿɵġ
һ߷ҩһ߶ڶͺ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ̫ƽԺס̫ãͷɳԺӣȥӺˡ
ʱӺˣ̫ƽһСӵš
С˵ʵһˣǻϵĸϣ̫ƽҪټˣΣաΪлΪ̫ƽίҲưͳԻп˵ġ
ˣ̫ƽŷˣȻ΢΢һЦдСô֪ģ
Ӻ˵֪ʲô
̫ƽдӺĪǲ֪𣿡
ӺҡҡͷСһܹȴԸҡ
̫ƽѸд˼֣ŷװãúԷסݸӺдӺתСӡ
Ӻ£ؿ̫ƽһۣ˵ˣܹﱣء
Ӻûá־͹ˣϷ롣
̫ƽæϵĻϹȥˡ
Ϸץ̫ƽ˵̫ƽӺ°
ûɶļҳ̫ƽдΪ⡣
Ӻ𣿡Ϸ˼ˡ
Ȼأ̫ƽϷ˺ְӺֲסڶģѵ
Ϸ̾˿˵Ӻô£𣿡
ԭϷΪ°
̫ƽ̾˿дĸοҪӺأ
ѵ㲻𣿡Ϸ̫ƽͷ˵Ӻ֮ǰһֱǶģôأͷܡȴֲֻ׵¡
ĸⲻͦõ𣿿ɼӺǶãֲҪҳסŮҲѹˡ̫ƽ˵д
ӺҰϷ˳ü
̫ƽЦдӺѾֻˡӺͲģ㻹ĸľˡ
Ϸ˵˵ӺȥҲμͻᡭ
ӺġӺֲ˼ȥ˵ˣͻѣ׵ĻӺһ˵ˡ̫ƽд
˵ǰϷˣֻ˵ҵȡӺ
Ϸһôһ˵Ҳе취Ӻ̬
̫ƽдĸôϣŮ޸𣿿ǣŮôС
ӺǱ˺ܶ࣬ǣ˾ӣ޸ػϧҲĸϷǷǳϲӺģ˵ʵĳҵ۵ģӺֻǰ̫ӵˡ
ǰ̫ӵ£̫ƽһ


159 ֶ

ǰһô갡ϧϷ̾˿ֹ
̫ƽдŮҲᵽǰ̫ˣͣɼĺãֻΪξްأ
Ϸ̾˿˵λ֮ͼҶѪȡԽ˾ӡԽױ۸
̫ƽдôǰ̫ô
Ϸ˰˰֣ʱֹ̫ƽĻ̫ƽʼҵ£ģԺԣ
̫ƽͷ˵
ԧ˽һ춹Ϸ˽ӹ˼ھ˵ԧԽԽˣ塣Ũ
ԧ˵ͷϷϲū澵ĸˡ
̫ƽЦдԧĳպáҶֻ֪պãҲҪһƷˣǧҪأԧĸԲܹĲܣԣ˵׻ĸ۹ء
ϷЦŴ˴̫ƽĶͷЦúϲ£죬̫ƽĨһҾͰҵƨ˵ʵҵƨҾͲһ˵Ҿ;رˡ
̫ƽдȻĸԧ̵ôãԺһСѾͷ᲻£ҲԧߣúõһΣ
ԺģϷ˾ú̫֡ƽҪ󣬡ĸѾôˣ
ģѾͷ£ǴˣҲҪˣ͹Ϸ˵ԺϣϷܹ̫ƽЦ
˵С˵̫СЩȷǲôѽǵ·ϼġ
ǰ׵ʱвҾףҪˣҲ˼ߣ˵ˣôСôûѧ᱾֮ǰ͸أԼûֻͷĸˡ̫ƽ̾˿д
Ϸ˵ȻˡԺū澶Ҳһɡ
ҴСллĸˡ̫ƽд
Ϸ˵ԧ죬Сʶİɣ
ԧ˵ͷǺϤ
Сľ͸ˡɲҪ̫ˡϷ˵
ūǸˣСĲ벻бķʽˡ˵ūϸҲͰˣ˵ݿǵ𡣡ԧǫ˵
ߣϷ˵׿ϣ̫ƽȥС˵㵽ϷߣȻһȥǵ˵Ļ½¡
ǡСĹ°˰ݣл
ʱ԰СӶһʳڳϿ㡣
ˮˮ档
Сʱʱˮʳ
ӺˣǺˣȻŪˣ
СЦŰʳϣӺô˵أҺ׼Щʳд㣬ڣˮҶû׼ء
һˣҪ׼ʲôأӺЦСӵ֣ղˣǹʳﲻã̫æ˳Է
С˵û˳ԷʳҲܺãʳ̫á
ôأ㰮ʲôĳʦ˸͹Ǹ֣򲻿ΰӺе˵
С˵ʵʳͦóԵģֻԭˡ
Ӻ˵ǲʲô£ңֻҪΧڣҶ㡣
ûСС̾˿ֹ
Ӻ˵ɩ㽻ңҪһһȫȴִҪȴ̾ģż
ԲӺ㵣ˡСٴ̾˿
Ů˲㣬ˡ
Ӻ˿Ƭһڣ˵ǴɩΨһѪ֪ҵҪҪƽƽġ
֪ˣӺһעġСӶһڣĿȴ䵽ӺŵƬϣӺôҲָˣŮӰ֮ﰡ
֪Ҹ̫ƽԹƬ⣬̫ƽɰˡӺЦ
һᵽ̫ƽСӵɫЩȻ
Ӻ˵̫ƽתһء
˵ȡСæӹô˵ҵѾˣ
Ӻ˵ͷˣҲ֪ܹȥûСܹ˵ʵ㾹ȻҲңҲ֪ʲôʵѽ
Ӻıǳǿ󣬻Ƕ֪ԽԽãҲԸ㣬ҾӺûбҪͽ顣С̾˿Ȼš
Ӻüë¾ҵ¡սթһӦѽ
СӿţȻ˵ʲô̫ƽѾȥˣ


160 ֻи

Ӻæţüëúܽ
ԭ̫ƽСӣѾˣֻǣ̫ƽܴǴΣСӳú̫ƽСӣǷһֵܡҲģ
ôأ̫ƽĶôô죿һûüȰ˵ȻѾˣС˵㳤ôأҴĶӣȴְĵõܣǰ˸ӶŵİӺ÷ǳ֡
Сȴǳ򶨣һذõˣŽ˻ҽСӵɫҲ˵ܹﻹټأ
ôأȻΣգǲҪΪáӺĵ˵һҪ취ֹܹС
С̾˿Ӻ취еģȴٳٲȥ
ŶӺһ
СſڰϣԶӺһֱϣܹ̫ƽ׵ģǡ
ţ˵ұģǺҸıˡӺ̾˿
ΪʲôСӲ⡣
Ϊҿܹ⡣ҪˣʵϲܹģôԶأӺС˵ܹǺùϣԸһ𡣲Ҫ
Сû뵽ӺȻһ۾Ϳ˼̾һϲʲôأ֪ġҸԶһҸҸӺԡ
Ӻ˵ô֪ôҸأһŮ˵ܹ޸ˣŽҸ
СӳĬˡ
Ϧ¡
СѾڰǰվ˺ܾˡ
ҪˣʲôҪҴ̫ƽ𣿡Ӻ˵
СҡҡͷûУ޻˵
ӺСӵļ˵ܶ˾ͲˡһҪϧѽϣľǿҸ
ҸԴҸĸ뿪֮ҾͲ֪ʲôҸˡСЦһȥĿֻи𣬸𣡡
ǣ㲻ֻиģҴΨһĹ⣬ɩ飬ϣġҸˣʲô𡣡Ӻп
Ѿˣѵ𣿡Сӽȭͷɽһеĳˣȴúúõģһʵ̫ƽˣ̫ƽˣ
Ӻһ䣬˵ʲôΪ˵ʲôġСôСĶȴʵ̫ˣ̫ˣ
˭Сӣ˭Ҳ˵ѾСӵĴ˭Ҳûʸ˵СǲԵģ
յСӵ۾Сӵ˵ͷɡ
ˡ̫һڵأȥɡӺ˵žˣɵɣȻ֪ѣǣֻҪԸ⡭
ŶҲԸ⡣СӾܾˡ
һ԰ţҹɫС˿
ʱڶ̫ƽҲճͣԺȲ衣
ĺɣһţ鷳͵԰мǲñ˿̫ƽĺɡ
ˣܳˡ̫ƽֻίɶ书ĺɹȥˡ
µһԼ麯
ĺӽӹţģһС¡ˡ
ʱٹ˵йˡ
롣̫ƽд
йˣ̫ƽãôˡһ㣬ûдɣ
ôأ֪һҪ¡̫ƽе֣٣ȥ׼нȵľջ衣
ǡˡ
̫ƽˣҵȷԾջ衣ղţҿǱˣҲûгء˵ž졣˸ղ豭üëýġ
ôˣ˭ˣ˭ǵСأ̫ƽЦд
绹˭ȥǻţ죬ǻû˵䡣͸ˣ˵أ֪ϲԾջ裬ǸöðǣÿȥҶúȰˮˮġίͰ͵˵
Ȼ⣬ͲҪȥ๫ûȥ̫ƽЦд
ȥôأȻ᲻áһû磬ľ;ÿģܶ»ûһءнӹٶ˹ľջ裬һ
㰡Ȳ边ȻȾһˣһھͺ˸⡣̫ƽҡҡͷġ
ҿһﶮʲô촽˵һ
ֵһС
к꣬˵ˣ̫ƽϻǷѾʵˣ֪ʲô


161 ִ

̫ƽԭںȲģʱȴ̧ͷдʲô
е˵˵öԣЩˣ϶϶Ǹ֮ˡ
Ŷ̫ƽ˻֣ʾūǶȥֻһ١
дǷ˵֮ǰǸˣǮ˹٣ȴûĴΪ˸õˡΪһ˽ɱֶӣΪû˿û֤ݡһֱң⡣Ǹ̰١˰ռޣǿŮټͥΪɢ
̫ƽд˵û˵ѡ
ԣǴˡ̾˿ɱĵȷ׼֮ˡ
̫ƽдҲ˵Ǻˡ
ҲǺˡ˵ô˵
̫ƽ̾˿˽ʹɷɷı֡Щ˶ǵɱ֮ˣҲֲԶ֣ӦطɡΪյĸĸ٣Ӧٸȥɷȥϰ
̫ƽ˵̫ʵϺܶʱɷ⣬Ѷϼ£ЩʱҪЩ˽̷塣ȴǺ֧Ϊģ˵ʵڵĹУҷԽԽˣĴǹȥҾȻ֪
̫ƽдôĪ㻹ȥʦѧ𣿡
뷨ʦѧգҲҪ˼ղء˵ʱˡҪˡ
ˣ㻹ʲôأɴһҹ˷ߣҴСҲһˡ̫ƽд
пƬ̣ʹӦˣҲãҾ˿ҹôʱңҳ󻰿˵ǰͷɲֻԼ鲻ҵġ
İɡҲġҵҴС㡣̫ƽЦд
»Ũ˱̫ƽԺţ̫ƽһ߿һ߹ơ
ʱһӸ̫ƽ̫ƽǴ˵ӡ
һ轣һӣµҲţֻĪģ̫ƽСӡ
۴ӡСǴģ˭
ϧˡ̫ƽɵһȻˡ
ʱȻһŮ˽̫ƽ̧ͷһǳ
ϷݼŮĸ׼ľڶϡ
ãδЩµˣһɡ̫ƽд
ʲôᡣ½ǣߵ˵
ô᲻أдʫҴӡ˵ʫɡ̫ƽ顣
ֻһ䣬̫ƽˡЦ˵ҿɲҰŪ
УȻˣˣˣǾ͵ˣóģͱǫˡ˵ˣҽҲڣܵøһӣΪҫҲ֪ʫǲģм䣬϶̫ܳƽд
Ȼ̫ƽô˵ˣǲмʫ裬ǲ˼ˡ˵ҿ˵ˡ׳ǿɲЦҡ
ȻҲʫأֻ䣬ǸˣҿɲʲôʫδʵġǻʫģᴵѵģһҹҲǼõġҲ˵
л㡣˵
˵šȻһˬʵЦҲˣҲ治˼˹Ҽô֣Ҳҡ
̫ƽЦܵдⲻҪȥ˭֪ԼˣҲǸϢͨġĻػȱأ
ܼװ˵̫ƽ治˼û뵽Ҫ棬ڵˡԼˣ˵㱾ҪҵģҲŲء
Ųţȥ̫ƽЦд
ҲŲأѾߣȻˡЦ
ˣǱԼȤˣҿǿˣסҲûִ𣿷ƽʱ໥ʱ࣬ʱٵģһؾûһˡЦ
úúãôķϣҲˣҪٰɡ˵ţѾѩͱһβ١
Ǽ轣ʫǵٴѵģò֡
סڸϵкӣһ棬һǳǱߵݳƤݡ
ȹˣǺó徲ˣ˯˯ˣ
ûǳȥͰܵٸˡ
òͿҵ٣
˯˭أҶôۣȴǵ˯ãĸ֪ˣҲùдʡ
̫ƽ˵˭֪ȻһߺȣͽӰŮӵٳˣ𣿡


162 

˵⻰ǳƤݡ
ŭԭӡ
ǰЩǵòˣҲǲӡƤ˵߹ȥǼ٣ϧ˵õٰ³֮˸ˡ
˵㲻Ҫҵ¡
£ģȻԹܡƤϡ
ܣҲҪûܰЦתߡ
Ҫߡõ٣ߡƤ˵ţһץס·ߡ
ſһ˦ǳƤץýģ׾ͱ˦
ٲſŲ㣿
Ƥ˵СҪҲɣ
Цһһ˹ȥ
˺һ·ˡ
ŵǣƤݷһҽС˵ϡ
æ˹ȥ磬ôˣ
ǳƤݽüͷʹӡ
˵ҵģ˵ˣҵ·ˣҶûء
˵ССͣĳǺݶҲû˵ˡ
ЩҶ˵ˣⲻܹңҵģϾˡ
磬Һ㣬ҪǲңҲܿ
̫ƽд汾Ծˣֲ㡣ֻǣǰ㺦ñں񡣱˿ǰΪ˵ԼôӦúúøлŶԡ
֪ˡ䣬ҶԲ硣ʵ
ۡƤѾʹ˵ûˡ
кͳҲΧ˹
˵ǸϽѳ¹ӷȥɣҿֻǲˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷд˵ĵȷǽš
ūǹˣѳƤݷ˴ϡ
̫ƽóƤƽȻһľ壬˵Ľ¡
ģһκõġ̫ƽһ߰οһӣƤݵĿӸˡ
ʱѪĻ˵ǰ
Ƥܵ˻ͦصģɫĹͷ¶ˡ
̫ƽעĲǹͷǳƤ˿ڴۻࡣ
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̫ƽŪһͰˮƤݵ˿ڳ׵ϴɾ
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̫ƽѹӢĥ֮󣬷ڳƤݵ˿ϡ
ѹӢǽⶾģΪտ̫ƽҲҪƤҪһֱѹӢ˿ڡ
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Լһӡ̫ƽжѹӢҩЧѾȫƤݵˣ̫ƽ㿪ʼڶ裬Ǿǽӹˡ
ͨ뵶ڽϵĹͷԶ̫СˣΪˣ̫ƽص׼˸ŵ뵶
ͬʱ̫ƽҲƤݴֹʹɢ
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ŵ㣬ʼˡ̫ƽȷֹʹɢЧˣ뵶ڳƤݵϻһ
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̫ƽɾɴѪɾȻ»
ֱѳƤݵĶȵֶ¶˳
ţҪһˣ̫ƽҪϿεĹͷӻȥ
ӻȥѡѵǰͷλö׼ѵǰѽӻȥĶ̶ס
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̶ĶҲǺܽģ̫Ҳ̫գ̫ƽѡ̶֦
֦ʮ㣬õҲǲ׶ϵġ
̫ƽƤݶϿĹͷ¸Ȼľ˼ӹ̣Ĺ̶ˡ
̲ס˵ȥֻ˵̫ƽҽտȻ׼
Ҳ˵̫ƽ̫ˣҵȶ
̫ƽЦָƤݿʮȫ衣
ҩҪмҪʱá̫ƽ
ллһġƤݸмصͷ˵
̫ƽ˿һδ֦Ƥһȡ
ҲšûȬǰûǲҪµء
治֪θл㡣Ƥݶ˵
ûʲôֻҪԼþͿˡ˵̫֮ƽҪߡ
Ƥ˵̫ƽãôæôʲôأ
̫ƽתдҪңȰԼϷǰĶ˵
˵ǰ˲ŪȣңҶ
Ƥ̾˿ɱϾǼľ
̫ƽдų֮ͽ˲ȣȴҪôҲﲻˣ


163 

̫ƽãȻ㶼ô˵ˣų֮ãȥϷ˵ȥǿɶø֤Ƥڹ˵
˵磬¼Ҷҿ϶һΪֻ֤΢ᡣ²ĸŷģ˵˵䡣ֿ»˳ЦȥǼˣҲ֤ġ
ãлˡƤݸж˵
ɬЦҪô˵ҲҶԲס㣬͡
ȥ¡ỹʲôڲǺúõվֻǣֻſ¡ţ̫ƽõҽΡҵĽŻܿġƤݷǳĵ˵
̫ƽдֻҪԸ˵ڳÿһˣԸ֤
˵ҵȻԸˡõľ۸˵Ķԡ
Ҫ˵ū澹˵ĸҪϽȥ
̫ƽ̾˿дȻˣȻȥɣ֪Щ飬ǲõġ
̫ƽлҡܸжԭһȥϷ˵ģҼĸԸҲ֪ǲ⣬ġ
Դӳ׹֮󣬳ĸ˪Ϊ˪½¼зִ磬³һв©ˡ˪
ȥָ֤£˪Ƕϲóȥģ̫ƽҲΪѳͷųˡ
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˭û»ڷﱸһأǣ˵ЦˬʵЦ
Ƥ˵˵öԼˣԣҪȣҺȥϷ˰ɡ
̫ƽҡҡͷдˡҪȥϷѾ֪ˡдһŹȥϷ۰㣬ȻҲʡ
Ŀ𣿡ƤȴǷǳŵġ
Ȼˡ̫ƽ˵ͷ
̫ƽ˵ұˣôͰ̫ƽõ˼ϷȥһŰɡǳƤԼŸϷˡ
ʵϷԺ˵ˡ
ôö˶˺ͳƤͻأƤ⺢Ǹӣ·ͬһ˹ģôˣУҪȥʸϷ˶˵
ͷ˵أͷƤݵ˾Źˡ
ʲôƤˣǱ˵ģϷ˴󾪣ˣ̫Ӳˣ
˵ϷϢŭҲۡ
Ϸ̾˿˵˾ͺһ²֡
Ϸ˹ˡ
ٿԺæȥ̫ƽС˾һϷ
ƤôˣϷ˹еʵ⺢ӿڶ͵ģ֮ǰˮǻиʧҿ¼ҽأ
̫ƽдĸҪģѾöˣֻ˫ŲߣԲԳ񣬻ĸҪǡ
ܽӹ˵⻹̫ƽҽκ˵ġ
Ϸ˵˵ͷ̫ƽҽġ̫ƽ־ͽȥˡ
ƤϷˡ
Ϸϸ˿ɫǲģûд⡣
Ƥ˵ۣǣ̫ƽҽκ󣬸оʲôˡ
ϷЦǿɶ̫ƽ̫ƽƮȥʱǿˡ
̫ƽдĸЦҡ
ƤЦ̫ƽñɰǷƶҲˤ
̫ƽд˵ӡȴǼٻ佱˵Ļһģôûʶأ
ϷЦ̫ƽʶͺˣ
Ϸ⻰дϳƤݺ̫ƽ˼Ȼ˼Ҳԣ̫ƽһ
ǳƤݣˡ
ơӺɷ򣬶ءϷЦúϲ£졣
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ˣװ˵أϷָָϵĳƤݡ
ǿӣүƺĲˡѾ߽͵


164 һӰ

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̫ƽдϷϢŭȻѾ˵Լˣͱ׼ĸڹȥҲǼʵģǻԼ׻˸ĸá
Ϸ˵ˣҲǽġִ£ѵ׵ĻҪӲɣ
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ѽ̫ƽֱ˵˰ɣҲǡҲǣĪǻˣǸӣ̫ƽ־ʹߴٵ
̫ƽЦЦдĸ²
Ϸ˿̫ƽ򶨵ӣ֪̫ƽˣЦã㣬ô¾˵
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˵ᣬԭһͬ˯ġ
̫ƽд˯ʱ򣬻㡣
˵ҵˣҲɣһҵᳳأҾȥ˯ˡǽһʱѾõˡ˵꣬˸Ƿ
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ϴ֮󣬵ڴϾ˯ˡ
̫ƽȴûš
Ըĺȥ԰ţʱӦûˡ
̫ƽԺȺ
ȻɫУĺɻˡ
ֻΪĺǷǽǽ˼͵ĵԷС͵ԣĺɵ˫־ץ˵ϡˡ
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ͷֹѪĺɻԼǲˣͷôֹѪ
㲻ùܣвС̫ƽ˵
ĺԼͷЩ۵˵Ȼ˵巢֮ĸϲüΣǹ治ҲУֻǡﲻҪ̫ˣūòªͷˣȷʵÿĺɲ˵
̫ƽдĺˣҪ̫ࡣ
ǣ䣬£̫ƽͼһͷ˸ɾ䡣
ô࣡ĺȴ۲ѡ
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뷨Ǹ˲һĺЦ価֮顣
̫ƽϰѼµͷ򵥵ϴһ£Ȼõͷճ̿
һֹѪҩģֽѪ̿
Ȼ̫ƽѪ̿ĺɵ˿ϣһ˿ھֹѪˡ
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ĺ˵ūѾöˣū澲ţùġū澲ԡ
ÿȻίңҵ㣬ұز㡣̫ƽ̾˿Ҳ֮Ե֣Ȼ͸ңұȻҲҪ㸺𡣡
ĺɸжʵлū澱Ϊ︰ǣ
ˡ̫ƽĺɵ֣дα˵ĻֲҪΪҸֻǶáǺãұҲˡҪ֪ǴҶһ壬ͬһҴϡ֮κһ˲ã۵һˣԣϣҺõĻͺúչԼ
ǣˣǷūѾ˳ع˹԰ֻǣ֮ҺȻƼһӰһͷٿʱǵӰˣǷҲˡĺ̾˿ūղܹǸӰ˭ˡ
Ӱ̫ƽдһǵӰӡ
ֻŶԷȻǵӰ¹֮²ˣûпϸ˵书ǳ߳ԶԶū֮ϵġĺ̾Ӱ᲻


165 

пܡ̫ƽ˵ͷдˣúܺãϢɣ̫ࡣ
ǡĺ
Ȼ̫ƽԺӣӯӯ¹⣬ء
дв벻ȥ˳Ƥݵ£˵Ϸ˲Ը⡣̫ƽԼҲǾóѵġ
̫ƽڳƤǰԣԼʳˣǱЦⱻЦС¡Ƥݻȥˣ˵ڶ۳ȴһ취ûУ۵̫ƽҲǼõġ
ǣ̫ƽһ˵Ŀð档ȻԼ˵ԼвҾһβһ԰ɡ㲻֪һ˵òĿһξ㳢һ
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Σ̫ƽĻۡ
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΢ˣɲԽҩ̫ƽϷ˵ס죬޷ѡ
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Ϸ̾˿Ǹý㣬ϧСı¿ηΡ
̫ƽ߹ȥ治ٷˣԹԵ̫ƽҩι˽ȥ
ֻûȥˣǰҩ
̫ƽˣס죬ġ
̲סȥ
ȿȡܲõԤУʲôҩ
̫ƽһЦƺ˵㻹ҶŶûС
Ϸ˺̫ƽˣæȥ˹裬쵽ѽڣҪ³ҩͳԽˣﻹµó
ûãȫ϶˺ӡۣʹޱȡ
֪̫ƽĹǵ˴ϣˡ
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Ϸ˿̫ƽЦúϲ£죬̫ƽ˵˵ô˵òģ
̫ƽЦдŮǿĸˣ˼ŰĸѵЦˡ
Ů˭Ц㣿Ϸ˺ܸˣ澹ȻҲн죡
ʱ˽ϷˣүһҪϳԷأ


166 

ҪңҲҪأҵҪһϴε£θأϷЦţһ촽ȴַˡ
ǰ˽
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Ϸ˵̫ƽǵҩǼõģôһ˱ʣϳ˺ӣɲΪļɣ˭ܹ϶̫ƽҩԭ򣿡
ĸԴ̫ƽҵҩ֮Ҿǻɦܣʳ˯ĸţйһ̽ǲҩĵ⣬һ֪̽˵ţݺݵ̫ƽ
̫ƽһƽƺһоա
Щ뵽֮ǰ̫ƽҩĲʣ̫࣬ƽ׼йҲƾ޾ݵġ͸żˡ
Ȼ̫ƽأϷһЦУʲô˼˼̫ƽҽвЩ棬ʲô´ҶĿõģƤݣҲˣ̫ƽΪΣ㲻ҲͰˣҪҧһڣ˵̫ƽҩ㣬̫ƽֺοҪӺأӲģҪܻǶʱأ
̫ƽϷ˵˫ַ۾ţװίдĸûйϵģֻҪܵܺãҲͰˣҪݺֻҪһźģһίʲôأ
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дϷ˵ֻ¶ҪллˡûѾߣ¶Լֵģˡ
ϷЦЩСֻʲôֻûѾʹҲֻԼˣ׻ôأ
̫ƽдȻˣҲֻܹСûи֣ϷߴҪˡٺҲǲϷߵġ
ϷЦŴ˴̫ƽıǼ⣬˵ҰȻѾ߶࣬ȥĻἫ٣ҵ۹Ҳ޵ģƽٲҪ࣬ȴƽģҴӲҴˣǸӦ˭Ͱ˴ˡҲҰѶѾ߸ǣֻһСģһǷϧˣΪһҲûˣֻܻǮȥˡϿСˣҪǮȸ⻹Ҫء


167 Լ

£Ϸ˲˵ʲô̫ƽǣȥϹ
ûã¶ˣһ˵ϷҪѾ߸¶Цӯӯ
һϷ˵ֻһѾߣ¶üͷ˵һѾôʹأԺкüأ
Ϸŭ˵óԺкüӡȴûһѾߣҲˣƽǶū̫ǴҲͰˣǶŪзˣҪ̫ƽʰ̯ӣҲ֪ôǰɣûѾ˲֪ǵĺãҲҪӡͰѾ͸㣬Ƿ֪ˣֵͷˣ
ĸˡֱ¶ͣͷġ
ˡϽҸѾ߰ɣҸ㣬Ѿ߿ҵĸαǿΨʣϷ˻˻֣һӡ
¶Ͻβˡ
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ϷЦŵͷԸ˳Ϊ˴ϻ̫ۡҲ࣬ҲȻǺһϲġ
̫ƽͷдܵõĸ۰ŮĸŮָҲܵõ̫ܹ𻵶ŮҲˡ
Ϸ˵ô룬ҲͷˡˣҲûʲôˣȥϢɡ
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治ȥϾǸʮ꺢ӣܱһֱڷﲻֵģǣһҪȥ
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̫ƽһĨЦЦƺ棬ƣ̫ƽˣȻڱͣ
˵үôʵ̫ˣԼ£ôֵܹͷȥأ
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صԼԺ̫ƽī켸Ѿ߰빬
֮ѡīȥȥҪΪΪ˱Ƚϴ֣īϸܵ
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ʱˣ̫ƽֻʽȥ
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̫ƽֻз䣬΢΢æת
һ˫˪ȴǳ۾۽бб
̫ƽȻˣ㡣ôô
Ҿվܹ󣬵Ȼˡ˵ʵһܹĶ˵ءаһЦֶ̫ƽĶ˵
Ǳ̬̫ƽ̲סҲ˲ϻ᲻ᱻ˷Ѿưˡ
ԭܹһͻ˵ˡ˫ֱأ紹γеøͦΣǶܹƭˡ
̫ƽ˵ǲǱƭˣʵ˲Ϊÿζװһأ
ԭܹУǺ˰ЦЦˬʡ
̫ƽˡЦʲôʲôЦģ
Ц̫ƽ£ôˣ㶼Ҫ˵ǺˡЦݸʢˡ
Ȼߣ߲󣬷Ǹõذü۸еþ¡
̫ƽ˵ҲˣɱЩˣȷǸɱˡ㲢ǻˣֻ㲻ӦԼ֣ӦðǽٸǶ˽̡
ЦٸΪٸУмôֱģ
˲ڷ֮ϣǶԵҲܡ̫ƽ˵ҪȻ˶ԼǶԵģ˶Ҫ˽̣ˣǻҪɺã
ЦܹԼңΪ˽Щġ
֪ģҾӦȰȰ㣬Ϊ㱾ʲ̫ƽ̾˿ⲻܸˡ
ô˵ܹڹ𣿡


168 ͬһ

ٴοΣյϢϮ̫ƽ˺ü˵㲻ҪᣬҺûκιϵֻǳ壬ϣԲɱˣǸа
а˽Ҳˣû·ѾЦ
ʲôֻҪûģ㣬ôǿ̫ƽ˵㲻Ըȥ
Цܹ˵öԣǲԸ⡣һ޿ɾҩˣҪܹһˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ȼˣ͵û˵ǡ
ϵǡ̫ƽҪߣûסǿ̫ƽһֱӣֱʧ
̫ƽһֱһ˫Ŀڶţ󱳶Щֱ̡˶̫ƽ鲻
ôĹһϣڶʱ򣬲ļ̫ƽεһˡ
ȷе˵̫ƽεˣȴһˡ
СӣǾȻͬһˣ
̫ˡ
̫ƽüëԷʱҲĲɡ
СӸˣǴλǷǳƵġ
ѵͬһˣ
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СӣյĹӼ£һȥȥﰧҿһ̫˵Ż˼
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СȥĹӼʹˣϼȥˣǲ̫̫⡣
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ʵЩȻ˵дôͬС죬ƽӹúܣҲ̫˵ôҲ֪̫ô۹⣬ôôޣȻ˵Щдöá
СӼȻ̫ˣ͵Ϊ̫̫˵áСҲ˵á
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ܺãһЩȥҪ˵ʱ򣬻õϡϷ˵꣬һӵݵ̫ƽС
лĸ̫ƽд
˵úӣҲһЩӣȥɡ
̫ƽҲлϡ
ܹˣ۾ģ̫ƽ֣᣺̫ƽ㣬ˣûһˡһء
̫ƽЦдã˵ʲôأ빬Ϊ˽ܳͷûзαҪȥͷԼأڶúϢĽģαҪȥֿأ
Ȼͱ̫ƽ
̫ƽˡ
̫ƽװ򵥣ūҲֻһ٣һǻ书ĺɡ
Ϸôȥ˺ü̫ƽװһͬȥˡ


169 侲

̫ƽĵ̫ƽҲҡΡ
֪䣬̫ƽöЩˡ
ͨϵС̫ƽ·档
ζ̫ƽʱöӸӶˡ
̫ͣƽдͣʱ̫ƽѾ
ϰ壬롣˵̫ƽˬ
աһ롣һߺûãڵͶ˹
װһ
㹻̫ƽ١
˴лȻǹлζ˱Ƕ̫ƽֱˮ
ԹƽĴ̫ͣƽζ
Ȼ沢ûʲôĭζȴǳȺܶҪúȡ
ƹġɡ̫ƽͼҲһԡ
Ǹտʼң̫ƽִԼһԣֻôǸмѡ
̫ƽԵʱ򣬺ȻһֻҰһ˳Ѿ߸ϽΧ̫ƽҰҧҧ̫ƽ
̫ƽһ㶼Ұ
ԣǲҲˣҲһ㡣˵̫ƽͼһЩڵϡ
˵Ҳ֣ҰȻܿĵس
ΪȻûĩӦøģҲѾζ
̫ƽҰҲôã˰Ľ
õŮӣΪֺηأ
̫ƽúóһ֮󣬱·
߳ȥûã̫ƽͷڵϣȫ
̫ƽЩ棬ǰʱ
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ͣһ¡̫ƽְͣˣȻϻ
ҩҲ̫ƽѾ˵
Ϊ̫ƽѾжϳ϶ˡ
̫ƽԼ߹Щţǿθʹվ
ΪԼǸӣǵĶһŮӵǰ
̫ƽȻɴüĨʣʱͷһ
ôˣﲻ𣿡̫ƽеʵ
ֻҪ̫ƽúܹСƺѾΪһϰˡ
û£ûʲô顣ҪΪӰ˹·ҧ˵Ϊθ۵Ķͷ϶һϸ
̫ƽһ۾Ϳθۡ
о۵ĲᣬҰ㿴ɡ̫ƽ˵žҪ
Ŵ̫ƽɢζʱ˶ЩƮƮˡ
ֲۿ̫ƽһۡ
ðɣСҪβˡѾЩٵĶ˵
ˡ
̫ƽȻĿ
ˡ
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ˡ
̫ƽѨλ˼£ʱ;öûôˡ
Ȼ̫ƽĺϹѨ˼¡Ϊ͹Ѩֹ۵ҪѨ
ܹ̫ƽֽĽӴһֱǳĳ嶯ÿĵͳ嶯ʱһͷšȥ
֪θۻĻŵͷϺԽԽࡣ
̫ƽȸղŻ͵ࡣ
ɫҲȸղչЩ
벻θҺüʱ̫֡ƽҩóһҩ裬ݸһҩÿճʱһţպȬ̫ƽд
Ȼθ۱ȸղѾ˺ܶࡣȴûθһͿ̫ƽһԼߡ
лʵڲҪ鷳˵
̫ƽЦЦ·
ղ̫ƽָļ͵һۡ
ڵΡĻʹŽĺɫ󻺻عرգͱڶֳһΰѹָУ̫ƽԼȻеĽ˿ȸʧȥһɡ
ֻɱϣֻйĶǣֻвͣλûбѡûб·
ӮˣͿԾ»󹬣ˣʬۣļ嶼ΪƷ
Ѫȣѹ֡ıơ
еʵҪص֮£е궼ǰȥ˹ʡ
˿նǿն
мС̫ܹߡ
Ȼ̫ƽǹġɱϾǴ󳼵Ů̫Σ
̫ƽǴū̫ȥ
ʹ·Ƶġÿ࣬һͻ·
ǰ̫ƽҲ·
ٺĺɶġϾͷһؽǳ档
̫ƽһۣǲһЩ
ȴǲһ侲ﲻһһ
̫ƽͱȽϰģɱֵʹȻһܱȵġ
ҵ˭ˣԭưͰȻһŮ


170 빬

̫ƽ濴ȥ
ֻ˹һݻֺ˹űӵ֡
̫ƽһ֪˹߲ƣǲĿ⿴⣬ߵ̫ƽ߱
˹˵ʹǽգЩ̫ܽƽӦòǲ֪ذɣ
̫ƽй˵Ů׹˼ﲢڹǻʼԺҪ˵ˣǽҲػصģҵкβأ
֮˵ܳ֡ǲ֣ܳ˹ˣسǰҪ̫ƽǰ棬ء
󵨵ū˭ĵӸҸ˹ǳˡūץ
8ˣ̫ǻôֻǶ
ʱʿǰΧס
̫ƽû뵽˹ˡȥһֻẰɱǶˣʱ̫ƽһˣʹ֮ͬ㣬˹ѻʯԽӲԽòҡ
ǣΪ̫ƽųͷģ̫ƽȴֲܼȡ
ʱ̫ƽ˵ﲻΪҵģǹҲҪعҹģץҲˣҶҷұȻ̫Ȼ֪ˣҲײ
̫ƽˣ֪һߡǿȨ˵㣬˵һɡ
øūվҪץҪǴˣ˭ܹñôѵʻҪΪɱ˱𣿡˹ŭˡ
ӷͬ˶ʥ飬ԭҲǲѧ֮ĵҲȴȻڳ˿·硣
ðѹķζҪըˣӡȻǹ²
̫ƽд˹Ϣŭֻļڰң˹˼빫Ҫһʶ˹֣˾ð˹һˡ
㡭㾹ҳԷ̱ˣ̫ƽҲһץˡ˹ܻ
̫Ϊѵ˵˹ָܹ̫ҪġūŲܹ̫ץߣôأ̫ҲѽôһĹ
ܹ˳ذ̫ƽ͵̫ǰ̫ˣҪҲ̫ǵԴѽ
˹һʱڿ죬ǻĻ̫
ҲܣҷҪ̫ƽץ̫Ǿ˵ץľˣ̫Ůѵ̫󻹻ô𣿡˹ߴ˵ǲϷ̫ƽ뿪
̫˭ΥȻһȴ󴫳
̫ƽȥྐྵȻ¶Ŵ˳
˸
ŶһΪ˭أԭ벻ǰҫˣҸ㣬ƾʲôң˹ָֻš
۾˹˵̫ոսҹԽ̫ƽȥԷ˹Сˣ·ܹأ˹Ļȥ̫˵̫˹ǲӣֻ»϶ء
ʲôʸѵңվҪ̫ƽˣô˹ֱ
˵ǣСĲùôǣȻ̫СĻ̫ƽ˳˳ذܹﻤ˽ȥУȻܹСҲᱣƽ
㡭Ǵ͸ǲǣ˹ð̣ҧгݡ
˵ҡֻǷ£㲻Ҫʹּ̫⡣
㲻ץ̫ƽѵϲ̫ƽ̫ƽʲôˣ˹˵
蹫ˡԼ»֪ġûз
ˣܹһȡ˹⻰˵ܴ
˵㲻Ѫˡ˵˵ݺܹġ
Ҽʱݺˣ˵ѵʵ㲻ϲ̫ƽûһȵĻΪʲôҪأôûһȴˣ˵Ϊʲôأ˵ôѽ˹˫ֲЦ
ԭΪ̫ƽġ
˭֪û̫ƽ޶ԣ˵òһ
˹ϵЦԽԽˡ
ȻЦ
˹˵Цʲô
ЦõĴĳĹȻøһ˫ֲվ֡ػǿһ÷ǳѿῪʼڣΪʲôҪĸЦ
޳Сˣ㾹Ȼø˹ƢһͲÿˣȥҪȥࡣ
ҲʾһŹ˹ȥ˹ʱˤڵأˤ˸ࡣ
ˣ˹˴ˣ


171 

̫ƽȥ
󺰴еľȻǽ֣
ֻȥ˹Ȼݺݵؿ̫ƽ˵ܹ̫Ϊģ๫Ź˹ģԵ𳤹𣿶Ե̫𣿡
̫ƽֻ΢΢Ц𻰡
һԵ࿴ȥˣū˵ʲôƨ˭۸˭û۾զȥ𣿡
˵๫ӡ㲻̫㣬˵˵ˡ̫֪õŮܹ̫Ͳϲ˰ɡ
ūź˵˵Щʲô̫˼Դ𣿡Ȼƿڴǽֵⷬޱ𾪡
̫ƽŽ֣һ˿ɱһ֪Щʲô
ʲô̫һ֪ϲ̫ƽͲϲˣѵ̫࣬ӭȢ̫ϲλ
ô˵Կһ֣̫ƽһҪȳ֡
˹˵ǶϹ𣿱ô۸ˡǻǶץ
û˸ٶˣ˵Ķԣټ̫ƽּ̫⣬˭ҲΥ̫˼
ʱǱߵ¶߳һˣ̫ƽϸһǲʮ˻
벻ʮ˻ҲˣѵӲ´𣿻ʹ˿İ
ʮ˸硣һʮ˻ӣ˹һѱһģ̫ƽ۸ңѽҴǣ
˵ʮ˻ӵ£Ҷˣ˹˵ѡ
ʮ˻Цǲ˵ѣͷ̫ǰһ˵֪ˡ
Ȼס˹˵ղҿǿˤڵˣȴǰȻģãֻȥ̫ǰߡҿ̫ǻ㣡
ⷬ˰˹˹Ц˵ĶԣҾͲˣ˵ңѵ̫Ҫ˵۸˵ˣ̫ҵĸѵ޹ص𣿺ߣ̫ƽˡ˹˵˸߲ҵط˽ȥ
ʮ˻ҲһЦ˽ȥһϷģֻӡ
˵ܹģһ֤ġ
̫ƽղŰ˹˵Ļ̫󿴳̫ƽ˼̫ͲϲˡȻӣ޿һڻʹУû̫ţĴ֪
̫ƽվд๫ӣҵ£Լܽ㲻ҪΪҵ·Ҳܵۡ
ܹڻҷֵô𣿿֮ǰˣһֱΪѾǺءЦ
ǲ֮ˣ㲻Ҫǣá̫ƽдĺ⣬ˡ
ܹΪÿ㶼Ҫ˾ǧ֮أʹ
̫ƽ䵭д๫ӣҶ˵ǲ֮ˣӽҶûкôġ
Ҳ˵Ҳ£ʲô¡ϲܹġ˵̫ƽ
˶һ˭û뵽ྐྵȻʱֳ϶̫ƽֱܵرˡ
̫ƽˣ֪Ҫܾ
侲๫ӣǻʹ㲻ҪǼҹ
⻰˼ǵ׻úܶȻ˻Ҵȥ
Ǹӵûʲô̫ƽȴǻᱻٵˣ྿Ϊ̫ƽأǲأ
̾˿Բʧ̬ˡ
̫ƽû˵ʲôֱ˽ȥ
ԶԶľͿһϸܵϵӨ˶󣬿ſżֵǧ£
̫档ΪĹ̫ҫۣ̫ʲôӣ
˹ʮ˻Ѿ̫ǰ˹˵˸ղġ
ڹſڡ
̫ƽͼŮȥˡ
౾Ҳȥȴסˡ
ңһܹʲôΣգܹҽȥɡҿ԰һ¡ż˵
ҡҡͷܹȻ뿴㣬ִҪȥֻ⡣ʲô˵ˣ̫ﲢǲǷ֮ˣȻټܹȥҪͷܹҲϾͳͷܹİΣͷĺˡ
˵ôܹģ
Ȼ۾¶һĨᶨóȻȥ̫￴ܹ֮Ĺϵӵѹ
̾˿ͷ
ʱ̫ƽ̫񣬵ͷһߡ
ﴫ̫ҽտ̫ƽ𣿿ðҺúơ


172 ̫

˹ʮ˻Ӷǳ֣ô̫˵̫ƽ֮û̫ƽôȤأ
ѵǸղ˵̫ƽŹǣ̫жǷϻ
̫ƽûȥܰ˹ʮ˻ӵ΢飬ȹӻߵǰɵͷ˸ܶׯ
̫𣺡ɣðҿ㡣
̫ȴɢУ˾η
Ůæ̫ƽô˽ȥһ㡣
ͷ̫ƽ̫űߣһСͭ¯¯ȼ㣬벻̫ҲϲģСӵǺ񡣥
̫Ц̫ƽ̧ͷ
̫ƽ߻̧𣬿̫һɫķŽߡɫķѥ߸ͷЬͷϻ˴顣
̫΢΢֣ǳи
˫΢΢𡣺س⿴¶ϬĹ⡣
һ¶ˣԼķâ̫ƽ̫жϡ
ˣ濴ȥദʵȴǷǳ׽ġ
ΪǵʮƽͣʮִֻΪڲİˡ
̫ƽȻúá̫ƽû˵̫һץס̫ƽ֣ģĿ̫ƽϣһٿ佱
̫һŮ˵̫ôʾ׼ȷһ־Ͱܹϵŵ㶼ȫˣҲ벻Ĵ
̫ЦǰҵĴʻã̫ƽǺãٷḻˣҲǴˡ
̫ƽͷд̫ˣŮ
˵ҽտðвʣơ̫˵ȫվŵİ˹ʮ˻ӡ
ǿ̫̫ƽ˵ϲЦտ֪̫ƽҪûˣȻߺ޵ҲΡ
ԭ̫СİŤˡԭΪûʲô󰭣˯һҹ֮󣬾Ȼˡ
̫ƽگ̫˴ϡ
ϡϣ̫۵һֱϽлһԵĹŮŵصͷ
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ȻǸŮӣ̫ƽַȻ̫Ʋûȫɺá̫ƽİĦ͸̫ڡ
ã̫һܿ죬̫ûǰôˡ
̫ƽİĦַ˺ܶࡣ̫Ķ̫ƽ˵
л̫佱ֻ̫˻ͦصģ˰Ħ֮⣬Ҫڵ̫ƽд
㣬ֻܸҿӰɡ̫Ц˵
̫ƽ̫׳˶١ţϥȲҩģ˲ڡֹ֬ʹ
ʱ̫󿴵˹ʮ˻ӻվţǹ
ʲôίҪƶأ̫ƽոոκˣĪǻвĵط𣿡̫ӲȻϿ䣬ŭԡ
˹΢ѵ̫Ѿ֪ô
ʮ˻ӸǴͷҲһ
˹Ž˵̫ĸ̫ƽңҴˣɵΪ
̫̫ƽһۣ̫ƽȰЦܹǰҰ뵽ġǹ㲻ȥҲллˣȥŹ㣿ӣҪ˵ˣúõĽôģ浱Ϲӣʲô֪𣿡
˹ίˣֻȥӭ˭֪ʹˡ
̫ҡҡͷ̾˿ʲô£ҵѾȫˡȥ̫ƽҲԼģùαҪһŮ˼ƽأĨɱǻʼҵ档
˹û뵽̫֪ʵ̫ĸҴˡһʱͿ̫ĸ⡣
ʮ˻ҲŹ˵̫ĸȻдܹﲻô£԰õƣܹܸƽһЩôᰲôҲѰõŭˣҲ᷸ˣܹҲдģһĲ찡
ʮ˻Ϊ˰̫ƽɡ˹ˡ
ϧɵİ˹ȴ˵ǵģʮ˸˵Ķԣȷ
̫Ц˼ǣֻҪ˹Ǳ˶δˣܷܻ죬ǶԲ˹ˣ߼ȷĸʦģҵҪô̳һ
ʮ˻Ӽˣ̫ĸˡҲֻѽ
ҪãҪݺ󳼵Ů𣿡


173 ؼ

̫ǳҲ˾ǻʼûİɣ
֪ʮ˻ӻˣæġ
˹ôҲû뵽̫Ȼôƫ̫ƽһԹų嶯ӿҲ˲ʲôʼ桱ˣ˵ҲҾǲ
̫ߵһ곤æ߹ȥѰ˹ߣ˵˹ȥɡ̫˿ɲСء
̫۾˻֣ʮ˻ӼˡҲæˡ
ǽðҲ徲̫վһŭݡ
̫ƽͷһֱվ
̫ǶߵĹŮ˵ȥдܹķʰʰ
Ůȥˡ
̫˵̫ƽȥȥҸ׼ķӡˣ֮ǰѾˣȻ֮ǰҲʶġ
̫ƽͷƾ̫š
̫˵Сӻȥ԰ߡϤһ¡
ʲôСӣ
̫ƽһ
̫󿴵̫ƽɫˣ˵ĪܹʶСӣ
̫ƽһһʱ֪λش
̫˵СӹȥӺߵģʶҲʶˣڹҲиӦ
̫ƽд̫ŮС㲻ʶֻʶŮܲףùŮŮȥɡ
̫ЦҵȻ֪ŮܲˣǣСӲˣһ̫̫࣡డ
̫ࡱ֣˴̶ʱСֱֱ߽СӵĶ
Сȴû˵ʲôһЦĿǰվŵ̫ƽϡ
ǵЦʢˣĿް
ϤĽŲ̫ƽתСӵĿײ
ʱһȡ
þòСӳ˱ϵǿ˰̣ǹˣޱӢ
ͺԺӣ߹ޡ
СӶ̫ڣ͹ȥס̫֣ġ
СӺ̫Ĺϵǳܰ
Ҳѹ֡
Ϊ̫һֱС̫̫࣬಻ˡ
̫̫׽ǲСŮܲס˵ġ
Сӣ𡣡̫СӵͷСЦЦ
ܹ֮ϵ̫ƽһ
ʱСӵĿ⣬˷ֱġ
СҲע⵽̫ƽĿı仯ˡ
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ǡС΢΢ͷߵ̫ƽǰ
ôվǰϮıӣһͨ͸
̫ƽȻתͷȥ
̫˵ܹͷĵȥɡ
̫ƽ̫˳
԰£ϰϰͨ͸
Сǰ̫ƽں
಻Զš
ȻߵӻʱСȻͷ̫ƽһЦ
ܹС˵ţժһӻ
̫ƽ̧ͷӡ
֪ͻ˵ˣûбˣ㲻ҪٴˡС˵ţỨ㡣
̫ƽһ˵˵ô֪ģ
Сݹȥӻ͸㡣
Ҫ̫ƽҡҡͷ
СӵĿ
˼ҹ˶ھվСӵǰСβ
ǿѹĵ𣬻̲סˡ
̫ƽˣЦЦߵӻ£
ڶͷϣָ£ڵ⡣
ͶһƬ߲
СӼ١
СӾ̫ƽŮӡ
̫ҫ̫ۡƽ۾̫ƽĿ·ˡ
۾
Сӿˣ̲ס֣Ƹ̫ƽ۾ϡ
̫ƽܾͬС¹ֻ̺ˡ
̲ס
ܺô˵СаһЦȻץס̫ƽ֣̫ƽԼ
㡭ʲôط㻹ſң̫ƽˣùһشСӡ
Сס̫ƽ֣ôҲ𣿡
쵰̫ƽࡣȫһȣȻֻˡ
С˵ƫƫأ
Ҿɱ㡣̫ƽѾЩ״ˡ
ܹþò˵ʵʯȹ£ֻҪܹܹô׽һ£ҶѾ޺ˡСǸаЦ˵
˵˵ʲôʱ׽ˣٲſңҾҧԾǰ̫ƽǣСӵһ˫ץýģ̫ƽôѵÿ
ҵȻҧԾˡ۰СӰϷʣЦ˵
ҡ̫ƽȻҪҧͷ
ҷſˡСæſˡ
̫ƽƿСӣϰɬĺΣŭɰˡ
ʱ˵̫̫ƽѾ棬Ҳ԰


174 

޳Сˣ̫ﶼŹǲֻҪǸŮӣ㶼Ź̫ƽΪ˴̼Сӣǰʲô˵ˡ
ʱСӵɫ
Ŀ͸ΣյϢ
̫ƽһʶղ仰˺Сˡ
ҲСӺ̫֮ôܣ̫ƽô
ֻߣС֮ġ
ֻɶһ˵Ƿǳ˺ĵġ
ǡѾ˵ڣˮա
̫ƽ޷ֲʲôתҪߣȴ˹
ܹû°ɣཹ˵
ұܹܹﻹʲôأС˵
̫ƽû¡ֿСһۣˣܹǺˡĪǣղŶǸһ𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷдҲˡ
̫ƽ˵žǰȥСҪȥæСӵǰ˵ܹﲻ㣬㻹Ƥҩܹʲô
Ŷй𣿡СǸһĨаȵ΢Ц
ϵ˵ܹ¾ҵ£
Ϊʲôܹʲôˣδ̫˰ɣСЦ
ǡܹĺѣֱֱ˵
СӼЦѣܹûгϹ
˭˵ģܹϵġ˵
Īܹڲ𣿡С˵ţƿࡣ
ץסСӵ֣ܹ֮ﲻ⣬ҾԲܹߵģ
ס𣿡СЦЦĿ̫ƽıӰϣ㲻Ҫˣ̫ܹ԰ġôΥ̫
ֻҪܹܹˣΥ̫Ҳ¡˵
ܹѡ֪Ӧø˻ǲأСЦЦȻ߸Ծ𣬶࣬ɵ̫ƽǰ
һϵж⧲
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СЦ̫Ҫ㣬ȻҪҴȥķ䡣ôҪΥ̫𣿡
Ȼ̫ƽ̾˿ðɣȥҷɡ
ܹôˣСҡҡͷʧԭΪⳡϷһЩ
ΪڸϷ̫ƽĵдġ
ʱѾܹˣеСӣ㲻ҪҲܹ
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̫ôֻҪ㲻ϲһΪߡ˵
̫ƽͷ๫ӣҲֵΪġ
ֵòֵãԼ֪ܹѾСˡ˵
С֡
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ЦĳЩ˵ıͬʯ󺣣ܻõӦġСЦ
㡭ȻС仰ǳشʹģ˵õҲʵ
ƿԣᶯ촽ȴˡ
̫ƽˡ
Сʤߵ̬һۣˡ
վԭظɵۣҲûá
̫ƽԼҪסķӣСӻڡ˵˼ҪϢˣڿ𣿡
СЦ»ߣΪһҪܹء
ҲҪ̫ƽ˵
벻ܹͷɴ͸ĺӡС˵˸ж
ҴֻΪ֧Ӽ۸Ƚϸ߶ѣûйϵ㲻Ҫж̫ƽ˵
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˵ţٺĺɹˡ
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С˵ܡ˵껹Ŷ˴ȦϡĶ˲豭ʼȲˡ
߹ȥ˵˵ǧ꣬Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣǹﲻӭ㣬ôƤģ
СЦЦҹ֪Ƿ̫㡣ҹ̫˵ȥ
ټֱţ̫ѹǹ
ĺ˵ǰǧ㻹߰ɡǹﲻӭ㣬Ҳû˼ѽ
û˼Ǿ֪ˡСŲ衣
ٶĺ˵ĺ㶮书ϳȥ
ĺҪ֣Ȼ⴫˽Ų̫ƽ̧ͷһѾ
ܹѾЦ߹Ҫ̫ƽ֣ȴ̫ƽܿˡ
ߵ̫ƽǰ˵ǹҪū澸㣬ǹҪϢˣ뿪ɣ
ôܹﲻ֪ҾסΪھӣţѵܹĴ֮𣿡ѾƤЦⲻЦ˵


175 

̫ƽһ
Ѿ˵ѵģô˵̫Ȼ̫ƽѾŵסһˡ
ǽеˡ
ٺĺɿ̫ƽһۣ̫ƽûлش𣬷׷˵ȥ
̫ƽдȻھӣҽճէģﻹûʰԸɼū澹ֻ֣ѾߣֲءԶײ
⻰ʱѾɫһڣʲô̫ƽָʹѾˣ
ѾŲأǡѾԼ˵̫ƽĺھӡ
Ҫ̫ƽõġ
浽ҪѾʱѾ˵ܰԼԼˣ
Ѿӣٺĺɶ̲סЦˣЦ˷̡
һ߶ȻŵСӲɵЦ
ѾһغϡȻԲҰܸգϹҲס
ΪСڳѾҲϾܻ¶ԼĿ˵Ҳֻū澣̫ƽÿĸѾߣֻܽйȥˣͿҼѾӲãֽҲ°ﲻʲôæ̫ƽ鷳ˡ
̫ƽд˵ĿģֽҶںģҵѾѾˣ˵㻰ھ͸Ұɡ
һ仰ߵѾԷˣѾߵѾҲżѾ±̫ƽҪȥˡ
һĻСӿţ˫ָŲ豭ڣ۾ôµĿš
Ѿȵ˵Ϊתƻ⣬æߵСǰ˸񣺡ԭǧҲСŮ׾ղûƼˣ񣬻ǧ겻Ҫֲǡ
Ѿ˵ŻؿСӡ
ѾôĿĺԣԼûа취⾽ȵĴҪСˮСӰ
ϾѾôĿ⣬ûһܹܵġ
ٺĺɶˣΪղǶСӣСڹϻѾ۸̫ƽ
٣ͷϸ̫ƽż̫ƽ½ǣ̫ƽһĮĵӣСӰﲻѾûйϵ
ʵôûйϵأ
СǰѾġ̫СȥдŮӣȻ̫ƽָѾסôôѾͿԸΪˣ̫ƽĴͿ֪ˡ
̫ƽٴҲŹѲڵļѴ
СҲ̫ƽһۣСϣ̫ƽ϶΢ʾһ㡣
СʧˣСҲԤϵģעʧġ
Ϊ̫ƽԸ̫ƽĴƣҲǶϲʾģǶϲʾ
СӵС̫ƽǶȻϲġ
ڴҵעСһϵʱСȴ΢΢һЦʲôû˵
ѾǳǳдܸУΪѾϲǴûʧֹġ
Сӻһ̫࣬ôܶѾƲأ
Ҫ֪ѾôԽеŮӣȴһ̫ˣѾ˵ȴһء
ǣƺڱСӣѾЦӯӯ˵ǧӦðܹôҾͰǧ֪ǧƽˡ
̫ƽ̧ͷѾһۡѾţСһǰ̫ƽأ
ȻСЦţѾ˵Ȼܹ˵ˣѾѾߣҲǹ˵ҪæġԶײڣڹ˽Ӧðܹ˵˲һѾѵȱѾ𣿡
⻰˵ѾӦԼԼͣҵҲˡΪͻᱻ˳ЦȱѾߣѾ߶ø̫ƽ
ѾɫĴϺˣСһۡ˵ȻǾǧô˵ô̫ƽҪĸѾߣȥɡ
̫ƽЦдҪĸѾߣҪĸѾ߸أ
ѾɫÿҲװˣ˵̫ƽ˵ҪҵѾҪĸֱҪȥˣҲȷǲȱѾߣ͸һҲûġ
⻰ڷ̶ȱѾƵģ̫ƽд˵ˣҪѾߣʵԼҪҵġҵѾ߶ȲǶѾߣԭǲҪģӲҪ˵ҪѾ͸ңҲǿϲ˼ǿˣɣɡ
Ѿһ̫ƽҪľȻĴѾߴ
ѾʵһѾߣͷѾʲôҲȥ죬֪Ѿܶܵġ
ô㲻Ը𣿡̫ƽƵд


176 Ļ

ѾϵЦʯˡ
Ը⣡̫ƽҪܲԸأǧ꣬˵ǲأѾֻصЦ绨״̬
СվԸͺáôһ£ܹˣ㡣
ѾʼɼˣԼСӾȻϲ̫ƽ
ѾԼһ̫ƽˣ
ѾþϲСӵġѾϲˣҲбŮӣ
̫ƽд˼Ҹ㲻졣
СӺٺһЦζؿ̫ƽȻˣ̫ƽ֮ʲô¡
Ѿûѵ̫ƽøǧϵܺĪ֮вɸ˵𣿿ǵĹϵͬѰҮ
̫ƽ༥д治ãǧ̫࣬ԹŮӶǺܺõģþǧ㲻õĻҲֻ˵ôŮӣҲֻ㲻۰ˡ
ѾŭˡΪάԼ޷ֱըˡ
ֻû˵һ磬Ҫȥ̫ǰ밲ˣ̫ƽòҪˡ
ĺˣ㲻Ҳˡ̫ƽЦдȻһƻ
ѾˣѾߴ
̫ƽһ񣬱ǳղŷһжûнƵġ
̫ƽ˵ʵҲûʲôҪģɣͰҰʰһ°ɡ
û뵽̫ƽȻҪԼʰҪ֪Ǻֽŵġ
Ҳ£Ǿȥֵַʰ̫ƽ֮԰ȥʰҲ뵽էҲݺ
˵ˡ̫ƽԴΣܵĵӣΪļƻõʵ֡
ʰһ£Ů˼ʳС̫ƽȰĺɽйȥ
ڴ·ϣܱ֣𣿡̫ƽĺһҩۣŵˡ
ĺɽӹҩۣ˵ͷġⲻʲô¡ū֪ô
Ǿͺá̫ƽ˵ͷаĹѾϸһȥ̫ȥ̫밲ʱ͵̫ͷɡ
̫ƽкĺɣٺʹһ÷
̫ƽԴ˵˷ʰһͿˣնлˡ
΢΢˵ͷ˵лҪллܹҲӦлū澡ҪллǼҹ
̫ƽ˵˵ĺܶԡôõū澣Ķ͡
ܹˣū澺ãҼ˵̵ĺáǫ˵
ĺҲûڶ˷ʱ򣬰ҩ˴·ϣΪĺɵĹã죬ûз֡
̫ƽĺɳɹˣ΢΢һЦͣظвˣע
ûãʰþͻȥˡ
·ϵҩ۵ζѾıǿ
Ѿһҹ˯úܳ
ڶ졣Ѳ
ѾѾǶҹȥѾ֪Ѿ˯ĺʲô
ԣ̫ƽعȥѾȴûѹ
ȻˣҾȹȥˡ鷳ǸһѾˡ컹˵ңҹȥ㣬ȴûмңϡ̫ƽһд
ܹǹĻ˯ⲻܹ
̫ƽЦһˡ
̫Ѿˣ̫ƽһ˹üë
ôѾûй𣿶ʱˣ̫ذһš
̫ƽװίд̫Ůղȥ㡣ȴū档˵Լ˯һ
ʲô˯̫Ȼŭʱˣһ˯ΪΪ˰裿˶𣿡
̫ƽͷд̫ϢŭҲˡ
ٹ˵̫ԭū澲Ӧ๵ģūίʵΪί쵽գͱŷӼЦǹȻ̫ﶼˣ
٣̫ƽæסٵͣƴҡͷ
⵱Ȼ̫ƽһһϷ
̫ˣ곤һۡ˵ȥѾ̧ҲҪ̧
ǡ곤ˡ
̫̫ƽЦ̫ƽ氧Һúžˡ
̫ƽл̫ߡ
̫Ůȸ̫ƽд
㲻̫Ц
̫ƽЦˡ
̫֡
̫ƽд˸ҩ̫һ䷽̫ҽԺѧͽƣ̫ƽû·һţá
̫˵ͷǳʲôأ


177 

裬Բĵġˣȫá̫ƽд
̫˵ͷ˵ˣʱɣļ²ѡҪˡ
ʱѾҴҵظϹˡ
̫󿴵ѾɢңǳȵҲգʹļ𣿡
ѾŹ̫Ҹһ˯Ѿʹæܹˣͷûüᡣ̫ˡ
̫ɫЦ˯ѣ㵹ǱȰһҶˣˣȴող˯ѡ
ǵ̫ҲðģҲ֪Ϊ˯֮󡣾˯úܳܳҵѾ߹УҲвѡѾ
ѾĽͲû̫ȥ̫Цǰе鶼ӦùֱˣѾǴûдġ
̫Ѿֱˡ
̫󿴵Ѿӣᷳˣӣӿ㣬ܻᶯģжڰûãһŮʵڶ⸱ûȤ
곤ְѾ̫ˣﻹȥɡ
ѾȻû뵽ڶ죬̫ˡ
̧ͷĿ̫ƽĿײ̫ƽϸŵĳЦݣѾȻˡ
ԭһж̫ƽƵģ
ŮȥˣŮҪȥ˼ȴ̫ټѾ˿ͷˡ
̫ҡҡͷ벻ʵŮȻӡ
̫ƽĬ
ʱֹ˵̫ǧˡ
̫
Сӹˣ̫ƽͷõ͵͵ģⲻСӵĿϡ
Сع治Ϊ̫ƽСǻ㱨ʽᵳӪ˽¡
̫ʺͽ֮ᵳӪ˽£Ѿг֤ˡ̫ˣֻ̫ƽһ˵ʱС˵
̫󿴵̫ƽҲܻ䣺֤ݴҿɡ
Сȥݹȥһ麯
곤ֽӹݵ̫С
̫ƽȫ̵ͷʱд̫ŮЩ£ȸˡ
˭֪̫ȴס̫ƽ֣أ㲻ظˣȥﰧҲııҲǺõġ
̫ƽԾ̧ͷ̫
̫仰ʲô˼ô£̫Ȼ̫ƽ
һʱ֮䣬̫ƽ̫ôΪʲôתͷСһۡ
СӵĿްǹǳЦ˸׽͸
̫ƽ̾˿ǰôָСӵ̬ƳʲôСôˣƵó
ǻֱ̫ˡ
СӾУšҪıԣ͵һһʱѾ˺ܶܶˡ
̫ƽָˣΪ̫ƽôᡭ
̫ϸؿ麯üëһ˵벻¡
С˵̫Щ֤ȫϣֻҪԸܣʱذܡ
̫̾˿˵ɰҿ˳ҶʱˣǣϸҵĲѽЩ֤ݳʸϣôЩ֤ݾͻᱻ٣˭֪أ
С˵̫ҵıȨҲҪġ
֮ǰ̽ϡǻϲðҶҡ˵ºܶ๦ͣǶǣ»󳼼Ĳʵô᲻֪ǻϵĽڣϵ˼ҪҡȨϣҲںԽԽףԼˡ̫̾ʧ˵
СӵһЦ֮ԲԸ̫ģԭֻһ̫˼ҵıȨˡȨƽ̫СҪЩȨԼˡ
˼ǣǾãЩȨᵽԼСڰУһģ̫Ȼ
СЦŵ˵ͷ
ôôأѵϲ֪һһذϣ֮ǰ϶θƢҲԸݻϡˣϥֻлһӣһжΪ˭Īǲ׵𣿡̫˵žͿ
̫ƽæȥ̫󴷱д̫ϢŭػҲֻһʱͿЩӾͻ̫Իϵĺá
ϻһʱͿŹأЩ²ڸأһֱһֻ۱һֻۣٿݣû뵽ȻұȰһҪˣǻԼˣҷˣ̫ģ˹ȥ
̫ƽæҩȡһҩ̫
̫ȥ˿žЩ
Сӣ˵Ҫôأ


178 

СЦŸ̫һ裬̫ȱ裬˵ɣϸ֮ĹϵһһϦγɵģȻһһϦֺ̫οҪһһϦڰأ
̫̾˿˵˵ĶԣҺͻ֮п԰ǰҲǷǳҲշѵҪӲƴռűȨѲһһϦˣҺҪջıȨˣ
̫ҪջҵıȨ׵úܡСһЦȻƴ󣬵ԪڳáֻҪ̫ܹ빬УǿȨֻҲԸġֻһƱ̫֮䲻ϡңȡȨףͲ˺ܣֻûô򵥣õ˱ȨȴδܹİʵĸӪ𡣡
ǰҲȣСܴ˵Ӧô죿̫ȻСӡ
̫ҪȡҵıȨܹһȫߣΪˣƱʸӴŭ췴ҳˣҲû϶ΣӶѸķظңɶȨĽ֣ҪȡֻȶȡһıȨβ˴£ᵳӪ˽ǺܴԽȨֲ̫࣬ʵġֻǶһıȨΪ˱Լ󲿷ֵʵ֤ףͲᷴС˵ͷͷǵ̫ƽҲˡ
˼ȶһıȨ̫ȥˡ
Сӵ˵ͷǵģ̫ֻһıȨ𵽻áһӶȫıȨƽʱʿ򽻵ô࣬ʿкϣɵĽԸ㶨ģƱʿһ췴ҲӣȻǶ˱Ȩǲûжҡҵĸֻһ룬лһʿԪҲ£Ӷǿɳ֮һѾлʿȥлһ뻹û߱Ȩʿ򡣡
̫۾ԽԽ˵Ķԣȡ֮Ȩ²СȻҾ벻
Сӵ˵̫ˣūֵֻ¶ѡ
ãɣ֮ǰҪȸϼһ档̫ƽʱҪڰߡ̫ͷЩƣ˵
̫ƽȻԸ⣬ǻǴӦˣϾּ̫⣬̫ƽ˴ιΪ
Сӣȸϼ棬ͨûɣ̫ʵ
Сӵ˵ͷ˵ӦõģϾβֹϵҲϵǻĸ
ǾȥԼʱ䣬ʱ̫ƽٹɡ̫˻֣ЩˡһСӣ̫ƽȥɡ
ǣūŸˡС̫ƽҲһǰһ˳
ܹ㻹ô𣿡ʯ·ϣСӺȻת鿴̫ƽʵ
̫ƽ̧ͷСӵĿԽӣûƿ˵㲻ҪҶֶŵĻ㿴ûôᡣ
ôܹˣСЦ
˵ֲˡ̫ƽҡҡͷʵҲ㣬ϻҪҵҸ׵ǷݵͼҽҸ׵ķ䣬ѹеĳ룬ȴûҵҲǲǼǴˣҸˣôôҪһͼأ
ûмǴݵͼܲǲ㸸׵ķСյЦûйϵܹŬһ¡һܹ԰ѵͼˡ
̫ƽ̾˿ֻ»ʧˡ
Ϊʲôѵܹʳ𣿡СаһЦ
ȻǲʳԵģҾû£ģŵҾһᾡȥģٸһʱɡ̫ƽ˵
˵һܹȶöûйϵСЦ
˵ݵͼԼȥȡ׾ٵģΪʲôҪȴԼȥȡƫҪΪأҲ߹㣬Ѿҹˣûгɹ̫ƽ
ѵܹĲ𣿡СӵĿȻޱȣһ
̫ƽֹס˽Ųͷ
ܹֻſҸڸܹ˵ѽС˵
̫ƽĻȥˣҲ˵ʲô
̫ƽĺСӣѵ֪̫ΪʲôҪأ
Сȴ΢΢һЦܹһ׵ġ˵žҪȥ̫ƽ֡
̫ƽ˦֣תߣ˵ЩʲôҪʲô


179 л

˭֪̫ƽһ˦Сӵ֣СӺȻ˵ϣ˫ֽͷ
̫ƽͷȥ㡭װʲôⰡ
СȴһԲֻǽüͷ
̫ƽòԾιôˣ
ͷʹѣǶˡСӴϢ˵
ʲôˣ֮ǰһҩѾȥĺѵ㻹бĶ̫ƽСǲǻƭ
Ҳ֪ҵȷͷʹѡСӶͷ϶ູܶˡ
̫ƽСӵӲװæߣȷ㵽ҵķȥһɣҸβɡʲôǿεġ
Сӿ̫ƽһۣ˵ͷ
ڴϣСӾ˹ȥ̫ƽŲ԰ɫСӡȻӿһ顣
ûϸϸĿ
̫ƽ̲סСӵһǺ°
Сˡ
Ϊͷ۵оͷҪըˣʹʱüǶۣ۵۾
̫ƽСӰһ֪Сӵȡ
ȥ
ı
̫ƽȥ׼ʯȻִҩȡ룬Скȡ
ʢкѡѨλθͥ
̫ƽСƽȻٵͥѨλ
̫ƽַܺãΪ˿ûоʲôʹ
̫ƽת˼£ѾﵽĿˣʱ̫ƽϲͣҡΣҡȻʱ򣬼Ѫһˡ
йַ
̫ƽʱСԾͷûôˡ
̫ƽٴθСӰҲ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ˣʯٰ֮ʯ꣬ȻúϢͺˡ
̫ƽһ˵һŶ
һ˽ʯ˹
С׼µʱ̫ƽȴסˡ
ʯ̫̣ٺȰɡСԭʵʢúʯЧá
СӵͷȻ˻ȥ۾һֱ̫ƽ
Ϊ֮ǰѪԵʣСӾԴԵ˺ܶ࣬²ҩҲ˯һˡ
Ϊͷ۵СѾüû˯ˣ۾ﶼǺѪ˿
̫ƽСЩ˯ˣʯҲѾĲˡ㽫ʯСι¡
Сӷιʱ֡
˶ˡ
СӺʯʱһƺﵽϴ˸衣
֮Сӱ
ܹл㡣С˵
лҵǲҪֻҪԺ󿴵ңҪֶŵľͿԡ̫ƽû˵
ܹﲻϰҶ§ֱ𣿡˿ˡ
ϻ̫ƽ˵˯˯ɡ
СЦŵ˵ͷ԰׵ӢöĿ
̫ƽȥǴ֪һ˾ǲҲô
ܹҺܰģҸС˵
ܿ졣СӾ˯ˡ
̫ƽСӣǺñӾ˳
̫ͷ
̫ƽĵ£̫˵õ˺ܴĻ⡣
ÿ仯̫ǻʹ̫ҲӰˡ
̫ƽһЩȴûа취һԸ̫ë
Ϊ˱̫˲ټأ̫ƽصظ̫һϡ
̫Ҫʱ򣬾Ͱи
տʼʱ̫̫ϲУ˼֮󣬷лͦõģϲС
̫ƽɡ̫̲ס˾ͳ̫ƽ
ʱСӵĲҲˡ
̫ƽ԰Ȳ衣
ܹⱭллġС̫ƽ
ϸָס豭豭ǳɫĲ΢΢
̫ƽӹʱСӵ֣ˡ
СЦܹԺһһġ
á̫ƽ䵭˵㲻ҪҾллˡ
С˵Լ̲ס
̫ƽغ˲衣ʲô̲ס㾿˼
СЦܹʱҲô
̫ƽһҲˡ
תˡ
СҲû׷šĬĬغ衣
˳
㣡Сһϲ°ɡ
ˡ˹֡þòݼˡ
þòˡСӻЦʡ̸Цٷ硣
˵ˣϲܹȴÿְܹߡǺοأ
Сһɫ䣬ղŵ£㶼ˣ
̾˿˵ͷ
СһЦºȲ裬̸ʲôŮˣкܶŮ˸˼
СȲ裬Ȳ衣
ˣ㾿Ҫαװʱأ˵


180 Գ

⻰һСӵɫü΢ҡ
ôһͷ˾üĿ续ԣӦ˵ǱȻ˻Ҫ¾ŷ֡
ҲˡС΢΢Ų衣˵
ҲһȣĿʹϲܹһ㣬ֵܹõŮӡ
βֻ֪ҲܡСӳĿڲϡ
ڲϣһƬơ
ΪСָ̫ݣȻ֪ܣΪλҪأѵ˲֪ܹѾͶ˸𣿼Ȼ֪ûнġ˾ͲҪܹؼ޸δɷ򣬲Ǹ𣿡
ˬҶ׷ɡ
һ˸еʱڡ
ᵽ̫ƽ޸δɷСӵɫʱɫ
СӶôԸ⿴顣
Ҳ˵ĻܹﰡֻҪܹ޺øУô˺ˡС̾˿ԼͷʹʱܹȻҡ
ֻ࣬ΪκȻͷأѵϻصĶûȥɾʵ
ȻǣܹҽտֻҩϻصĶѾȥɾˣⶾֻٸµġСӻ豭ַ£Ŀء
˭أҪСİϧҲܹ߱ˡ̾˿
СһЦ֪˭ǹԼжġ
⣿Ϊʲôأ˰ǹԼеأȻ֪ǸǶҩΪʲôһҪأǶǸˣҲӦ̫̫ȻôãһΪͷġż˵
֪̫һΪҳͷ¶Ҳ̫ںأ̫Ҫ̫Ϊ𣿡СǳǳȲ裬ʻһĴ
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Ҳ֪̫£̫۰ҡҳȥǻϵĸϵ֣Ҫȥϵ֣˵ܲ𣿻ҪءСЦ
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182 Ҫ

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183 ̽

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184 ɵ

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185 â¶

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̫ƽдﲻȥݺˣ˶ҪжˡŮôȥݺأˣŮֻ˵ʺʰˣ˵ġ
ԼЦ󹬱Ҳ磬̫ƽǾˣȻ̫â¶ˣġ˵ĿϬ̫ƽϣƺ˵̫ƽڡÿ족ˡ
лѡ̫ƽд¾£ûлῴŮķâˡ


186 

Ц룬ܹǱĵ̣ڱĵ˵Ļ²أ
̫ƽд᳼Ů˼ˣŮΪλΪŮ˵ĶʵѽﲻԸԣȴϲķ𣿡
˵ţеųǳҡ
ЦݺȻһ̫ƽұԼߵū澣и֪ˣ
˵ûУ𣿡̫ƽд֪ﲻ׶ֵġΪԸһˣ£ҡùˡ
Ŷʲôֵñ£𣿡Ц
ΪУС̫ƽݲȵдĿˮһ˿
ЦôܹǹëԼأǹƱأ
Ҫˡʲô̬ȣ˳Ůʲô̬ȡ̫ƽǸһĨЦд
Ȼпڲţҽָֺеܹ£һвŻŮӣǱˣ֪ҪôԸϿ˵ȻֻҪԸ⣬ɽɽҲԸһԵġ
²̽Ҫþ͵˲ɣ𣿡̫ƽװܸȤд
ֻҪӦͱͿ˲ɣ㡣ǻ˵󻰡
ż棬̫ƽǲɵء
̫ƽҴЦдʵҲ֪ҵĿľǴѾƫƫϲҳٳٲͶĿİ
ĿްܹԸѾǱӣҲϧ
⻰˼ѾǺˡ
Ѿ̫ƽ
̫ƽ΢ЦдôѾ͸ļϣ졣
ѣһ˼
Ȳ費̹أʹ˱ݣ֪ŵġ̫ƽд
ŶԼãЦ
ΪѾһҹæһæ̫ƽƶ
ŶѾΪҪôأ۾һ°ͣ˿
ΪѾҪ۷ҡϧŮ̫ƽЦдҲǲ֪ǸʱҪȥǸطңѾҲǸպ÷ų۷䡣˭֪ʱûȥþ˴ˡ
ɴ۾ŵؿ̫ƽ
̫ƽȻǵļƻ²ô׼
ܹܴȻ̫ƽ˵ҪͶôҲñֳ̹˼˵ûˡ
ڳˣ̫ƽȴһɬ
̫ƽǼװ˵ԼҪͶĿľԼĻ֡
Ȼ̫ƽУ²Զǲ²⡣
û뵽Ȼ
ԹĵλΪҪѾȥأ·𣿡̫ƽдŮ⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ܹͶ·𣿡ЦֻеܹͶ·ˣŻ뵽Ͷǰš
̫ƽŲǳڰء
ѾĿֻһǾǿҵ
ⲻ֪ȻʵձȨͱ̫ﲻϲã뷽跨ҪҵıȨ
ôԼվһ˷ˣͻᱻѾۡ
Ͼ϶̬ҲǺȡڹҲûʮơ
ҪȻʺˡ
ܹѪ㻹ԥʲôأԼףЦ
̫ƽдŮΪ˺
á˵̨סͱһšΣ
˵ٷͶֻҪ̫ƽķ˾ͻж
ȻⶾĽҩֻС
ֻҪ̫ƽ˶ֻõҩˣ̫ƽġ
̫ƽεֻҩ
̫ƽЦдĺ⣬ôܲأ
ĺɽŵ˵
ϲڷ
˺ܿͶˡ
̫ƽ£˺ܶȡ
ĺҪ̫ƽʱȴ̫ƽסˡ
ӲûĺɳԵ㶾ҩ
Ȼ̫ƽ˵ҳԱˣûȥˡ
ס̫ƽ֣̫ƽҪƿҩȥҲõϡ
̫ƽ֪ǽҩ
Ϊ̫ƽ¸ңѾʼ̫ƽˣԲŸ˽ҩ
ô̫ƽûжأ


187 

̫ƽķˣȻǲӵÿҩġ
ǣΪȡΣ̫ƽԸգ¶ҩ
л̫ƽˣѾǱߡ̫ƽ̽д
ģ㹻ˣͻʶ֮ȻѾһ˵⻰ɽˣΪ̫ƽû·ˣͿƾڲˡﰵԵ⡣
̫ƽˡ
·ϣĺ˵ū澻ЩﶼͶ˶û𣿡
֪ж㲻֪Ҿҽ߰ʲôҽⲻ˵ġ̫ƽЦд
ʵ̫ƽճЩ˵ʱ򡣾֪ʲôҩ
̫ƽɲһѧҽѧĲģһЩаҲѧʱʦҲһЩҩ䷽ˡ
Ƕҩ̫ƽıһţܹųʲôҩ
ȻӦĽҩ̫ƽҲУ̫ƽûУ̫ƽҲĳ
˵ˣܹĵʲôϡٵĶҩأ
̫ƽֽ֪ҩܽ⣬Ծͺƶسȥˡ
ΪԻס̫ƽĽҩװмӣ޷Ǿȡΰˡ
ң̫ƽҪȥѾ
ҾͷˣҪȻƴҲҪѽҩûĺ˵
صԼԺ̫ƽѾ߿ʼҩġ
Ѿߺ̫ƽһѵϴɾȻѵгָ׸ǴСĶӡ
ţ̫ƽѾ߱㽫ζӷֳɼѣ׼ܲͬƷơ
̫ƽѾ߰һЩξͷϣȻõ̫ȥɹ
һЩ̫ƽ÷ۺ͵οһֺͷһƵĵΣƺú˵ΣĹЧǿܶࡣ
̫ƽۺ͵ηһ𳭰衣
ڶȵα֮ȡɱá
ͬʱ̫ƽô׺͵һ𳭰衣
ⷽͷ۵һֻĵθóƢθ
ܺãɹûãЩˣ
⵳κͺеûȫɹɵĻ׷ùģҲᱻҧ
ΪòͬƷĵοԸõķӹЧ̫ƽѾ߸ּ򵥵ģԼר˵ĺ׳ġ
Ϊ̫ƽõıȽ϶쵳Σ̫ƽĵζȥÿʱҪһʱ֮󣬿ƮεζͿ԰ѵóˡ
ֻƹĵΣҲǲҷŵģܱյչ޸װһܳˣͶˡ
̫ƽиϰߣÿһƹ󣬶һԼ֮ΪȷÿһƳĵζõġ
Щҩƺã̫ƽɽҩÿԽͶĶ
ˣ̫ƽū澡һȥ԰Ȳ衣
ܹȻѾ֪ҪҪ̫أ˵ʱһãˡ
ĺˣȥѵȻ˽ġ̫ƽƶغȲ衣
ţһܹôӣĪѾˣ
ǰȻ̫ƽдʲôôݾߣ͵ſȻչɡ
ߡ
һ˵ô̫ƽҿ̫ƽƻúܣô׾Ͷġ
ʲô̫ƽ˱Ķҩˣ㻹ӳȥ˵ˣ̫ƽȻҳԱĶҩ֤ĵģȻҪͲӦûǱһԭ㲻Ҫ˵ˡֵ
ĳĳƲƲ죬ܾЩΣѵҪΪ̫ƽѾ𣿡
ѾѾͷʲôᣬڷŸѶҪæ¶ˣǱҲҪˮˣԽԽϲѾˡ̫ƽ˵ҲѾˡֻΪ̫ϲѾˣԱŶѾһֱáҲҪŸкԹҴΪءҪٶŮ˻ô˼ˡ˵
˵ūŸղŻ̫ӵȥˣ̫ӵ֪ס˹ǿ˷ܵòˣ鶼Ҫˣ춼ȥҿǿ̫ӵ£̫ӵһԸˡ
ҵĺܿɶʵڵӺףϧӺûиǸ׼ţҲǣҵĶţֲļ޸ҶдڱѾõ̫ƽôûѾҲνˣңҲǷǳںΪߵĽǸ̫Զͷˣ˵ȥѾˣٹһˣþûһȲˡ
ָ߳ţʹһ


188 ̫

ԭѾŽˡ
æ˻ȥ棺̫үˡ
˵ͷһ
໥Ժ²ϯӣþûиȲˣˡɲߣ̸ñĵ¡
˵ǣĸ
ϯ̯ɢŽɫչȥůůġ
ббţϻ˸ͷͿ׵ָḧ촽˵˵ҵȥ֣£
ĸ˵һ롣Ҳһ룬ȷ棬ˣҲûвҵѧҵһǷǳصġ͵
𣿿ɱ̫˵Ѿü͵͵ܳѧãû׼ʱ¿ˡĿ͸Ϭ
Ϊ̫ĲȤҵĿζҲѧҵѾѧˣƫҪؽһ飬˭Ը˷ʱˣˡ
ô˵Ҫ㻻̫ˣˡ
ĸ˼ͷ
ѾŮӲã֪ñΪʲô𣿡ʵ
֪Ƕ֪Ѿ磬ǴĳһŮǵжӭȢҵŮΪޡиͯҥ˵Ȣ޵ȢѾг˰Ľ
ͬҲԼġȻ˼ȥġȰϷӳ۾ЦȢ޲ȢͣȢģѾûУαִԲأ
ĸȥҲǺϲѾģôˣһ
Ҳ˵ǹȥˣԴѾñѷѰװ԰֮󣬱ͶѾʧȥϣѾΪ޴ֳ嶯֪ǻðܴķաǱȴȰסΪ˶Ը̫ƽҪϱ˲ϻۣҲѾ֮ˡɫ
ĸ˵ѾңѵĸҪ𣿡һȻ벻˵ⷬ
ûô˵ҲȲסˡ˵̫ɳˣҪҸ֮ĹϵЦԱڲ˸ߵ̫ñǣȥûˣѾ͸ûôˡ
ҲǸո˵ĸ̫ƽߵñȽϽԾ͹ʡȻҪҷѾĪĸǿˣ˵̫ƽ˵
ȻǱСް֪ʲôԣȷ̫ƽѾãֵĶϱ̵˵
Ц
˵˵Цʲô
˵ĸҲ֪̫ƽѾãϲ̫ƽҵ̫Ҳ̫ƽͷ̫ƽǿһۡ
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ܰɡ󾪣Īһ̫ƽļˣ̫ƽûôͶˡ
ţ̫ƽ֪ˡ˵űھ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵Щȥ̫ƽոȡΡϾ;ܾˣԲģǾ͸ĺ˵ͬһȥɡ
Ժȴһۿһ
̫ƽ￩һ£ЩõԤУϷѾݵ˽βˡܷ˾͵ǰˡ
߹
۷ڻﻶķȥ˱Ƕ۷һͣ仨ϣһͣһϡش
󿴹ȥ̫ƽϴһɫӣһԿȸһֻȸģһ˫ɫѥӣɵ۾һ
̫ƽ˵̫ӡջأ˵ԱӸ⣬ùˣ쳢һɡ
̫ƽͨӸ⣬֪Ĩ˶ҩ
ǼһҪιһζҩȻº󶼻ҩԴϵĶԷҲȥΪͿεذ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽȻ£ҩͶҩ̫ƽеǽҩװܸ˵س
ĺһ߿ţֱⶾҩ̫ƽܽģΪū澣ûа취ҲȥȰ裬ģӶ̫ƽǰ
ҧ˿ڣ̫ƽͰӸ¡
˵Ӹ棬̫ƽӡأ󣬼Ȼ̫ƽԲˣʣµ˰ɡ
⻰˵Ŀ˭֪ˣӹ˿΢΢һЦĳ˽ȥ
Ȼ


189 

̫ƽſԣѸղųԽȥӸȫ˳
̫ƽЦϷ֪ӸĨ˶Ҫֳ̫ƽܣȻԽȥּװ˳
Ͳжˣ
ֳܱԸ̫ƽʣµʳģ
Ȼ꣬΢΢˲졣Цģ泯̫ƽ˵ܹҵĳǲǺѿ˰ɣ
̫ƽĬȻ
һߴԲ˵㰡Զסܹˡ
̫ƽЦҡҡͷȻЦݷǳӲ
˵֪ܹûӣɷһã
̫ƽûлش𡣵ͷȲ衣
Ц̫ƽ㲻Ҫѽ⺢Ӿｿһ㶼кӡʵǲԵġ
̫ƽдˡʵôʳ̫ӵûҪôġ
ǰ㲻֪ϲѽȻֱӣ
̫ƽͷ
Цˣܹ㲻ҪˣֻǿЦѡ
̫ƽ˵ʱˣǱ߻£Ͳ̫ӵº͹ˡ
˵ͷáùŮ̫ƽͳȥ
Ȼعͷ󣬡ô
Ůá̾˿ϧûжĴڰ
ԽѵõģԽģѵ㲻ôΪ𣿡˵
˵ͷ֪ˡ
ʱ̫ƽ뿪æƵĶҩ
벻Ȼ
̫ƽǳ
̫ģȻҪ̫ƽ檣̫ƽܲ
߹ˡһԼ䣬˵
ϣ߹ͳ˳̫ƽ˸
̫ƽˡˣ
̫ƽÿα߹˿ŵдЩΡ
߹˵Ҹ㡣ҿɰϷˡǽڣҵǿϷˡ
Ϸ̫ƽһ
԰ѵ㲻֪СӻᳪϷóã߹˵СӣﾹȻ˳ݣ
̫ƽ벻߹Ȼ˵Сӣ
ô̫ƽڷ߹ҡҡ̫ƽ֣Ц𼱣СӻٳϷʱҲˡ
̫ƽдô߹СӳΪأ
߹˵Ͳ֪ˡҪ̫
̫ƽ̾˿߹˵óŮˡŮ»ؿһҪ
û⣬СֻģϷȻǲƴǡ߹Ҹ˵
߹ӺŮ̫ƽ⣬дѵСӲֻ̫𣿡
ȻˡСֻҵġ߹Ȼ˵ţ
̫ƽū澰ڳд߹
߹ȴ˵Ҳˡ󣬰˹Ҫұ淭ҷòã̫ƽҸȰɡ
̫ƽд߹ԲסˣҲ治÷
̫ƽͱǫˡҪȻɾˣ
̫ƽˣ֪Ե޹ʶôˣǻĿĵģ
Ȼ߹ĿԿǿҪ̫ƽ飬Ϊס̫ƽˣ
ãʲôʱһҸ̫ƽд
డ෭ÿɺˣ߹˵
̫ƽ̵ߣǵġ֪úãΪβȥΪβԼȥ㣿
ǣ̫ƽȻɵҪȥ߹֮ǹǿΪΪͨûȨ
߹Ϊ֤Լ˵ûдģȻȥйһ໥ѧϰࡣúõؽ̫ƽ̫ƽѧˣҪлҡ
л㡣㶼أ̫ƽ˵
ȴֺǺǵذѷ׵ԼϣʵءǺܼ򵥵ģܹôܿͻˡ
ǵӡ̫ƽ滳ǲǸ߹Ǻıġ
ûã߹Ȼд˵뿪ˡ
һྐྵȻߡ
Ȼūǿʼʰ䣬̫ƽϢ
̫ƽ˯ţū˯ԼԺɫ
̫ƽûڻʹɫ
Ȼһǿգһǣ̫ƽĳЩһ
Ҳǰؿշ̫ã̫ƽһ˵ҹĺڣĹ¶
ʱǽ߹ţ̫ͬƽȴжµ
ѾˣˣСȻֿƺ쳾
ֻǣ۾̫ȥ޲Щ˸е¡
֪ǣСϣôԶ̫ƽ
ˡ
ֻǣʹܲסڣϵ
˭̫ƽһ


190 

ɫ¹£Сɫ԰ף촽죬ûѪɫ
۾
̫ƽСӱ̽̽ǳϢ΢Сôˣ
ָͷǱ
̫ƽȻӿһɲõͷǶ˵Сӱɳȥִˡ
ʲô̫ƽ֪ǿԿ϶ǣ̫ҪСһǷǳޣǳΣյģСӻȴ״
аСӲ£鼱֮µ̫ƽѿڶ
Ҳʲôū澹æֱӾͱСӾߡСǸˣ̫ƽǸСŮӡҪôһ˻ǱȽϳġ
̫ƽӲҧҧײײذСӱԼ䣬ԼĲϣӸǺáҲСӻŪıӡ
Ȼ̫ƽȥˮëʸɣСӵĶͷϡ
СӵĲúܼ
С֮ǰеĶûȫû뵽ּһػ
̫ƽûмյĲ飬һʱ֮Щüչˡ
ô죿ô죿һҪ¡ҪȻһġ鼱̫֮ƽ̲ס˵⻰
˵̫֮ƽԼҲ֡
ʲôʱѾС˽ˣ԰СӵԼᲢˣ
֮ǰһֱÿ˵һЩϡŹֵĻ̫ƽҪݺݵİһͨա
˭֪Сվʱ̫ƽ˵Ļ겻ᣬļ١
̫ƽǳƵʱСӵֺȻһ촽˵ܹܹ𣿡
̫ƽסСӱ֣˵ͷǣ̫ƽ
С˵ͦȥˡ
ģ㲻µġһҽκġ̫ƽ˵šȴһΪԼҲܹȷһҽκСӵ塣
СӿЦεĲ̫գҽҲǾȲˣҲԼⶼֻǿϧˣĻٶ࿴㼸ۡȷʵܹˡ
⻰ӦþǱ˰ɡ
̫ƽҲûȥЦСǸ̫ܹ࣬ϲŮˣͷ˵ģһֱᣬһһ
һһ㣬Ƕҳŵ𣿡Сգգۣƣ۾Ĩϣ
ҡܹǲϲңֻҪ˵ʵС׷ʵ̽ͷ
̫ƽԥһ£صص˵ͷǵģҺϲ㡣ϲ㡣
СˣܹʱҲҪͬң𣿲Ҫ
ˣҲͬ㣬ϲ㡣̫ƽ˵
˵ˡ̫ƽȻɸС
Ȼ̫ƽ˵һҲҪˣֻҪ
ںСӵĲϽӴУ̫ƽѾ޷ԿصϲСӡ
ֻΪԼ縺ֻΪСӵݣ̫ƽһֱûб¶
ε֪СӵĲ޷ΣСʱп徵ʱ̫ƽ̲סԼĲСӣԼʵġ
Ϊٲ˵Ҳûлˡ
ôܹҲһ仰Ҫ㡣Сס̫ƽ֣ģʼΨһϲŮӡ
̫ƽ˵ͷСӵϣסʲôסҹȥףҲѾˡ
С˵ҾҪˣһεӣԸһ𣿡
̫ƽȡӵݸСӡ㴵ɣ֪Ҫʵʲô
СӲ̫ƽСӵı˸ͷ
Сͦ崵˵ӡ࣬Ϥ֡˼Ȼ
̫ƽˡ
Сӿ̫ƽģĿް
̫ƽǳĵصСӡӴϡ
ܹΪʲôޣѵӷǳж𣿡СЦеǸܸҰɡ
ǵġҶӷǳжΪҾ˵ģСʱϵġһͬӵǸŮӡ̫ƽ૵ԭ֮ǰûи㣬ʵ紵ӵʱҾ֪֮ǰǸ㡣
һ֪˵
ΪǸŮֻȴ
̫ƽôȥ˵أ
СӣŮֽѾˣֻ¾СӶܽܰɡ
֮þһʹ࣬αСʹأ
ʵ֪㣬ҲĻû©мʲôᣬ֪һ㣬עҪСӿЦͬҲע
ġ̫ƽ˵ţǸоСĵ֣ԽԽ


191 

Сӣ㲻ҪŻҡ̫ƽʳ
ΪҿޣҾҲˡСȥ̫ƽ֪ںȻףʲô鶼Ҫڵľûкúõĺһ𡣡
Ȼһϲҵģ֮ǰΪʲôЩ˵أαôĥԼأΪʲôҪ빬̫ƽģ̫Ĳ⡣
СӵĴǡһ˿ЦǰںˡϧĪˡ
㻹ܹȥ㻹᲻ٴ⹬أ̫ƽʵ
СӸոҪش𣬺ȻѪ˳СӻԹȥֻҲشȥ
̫ƽҡСӵ֡
Сӵڣ˵û
ǡ̫ƽȰԼ
ղʱ̫̣̫ƽûСΪʲôˡ̫ƽҲֻԼоˡ
СӶѾ裬ҪαһַǳϡٵаǾƹѪ
ƹѪ˼ñѪҺƽСӵѪҺССϵѪһ͵ڼӵİѶѪƵһ˵ϣʵǣѶתˡ
̫ƽûԹ취֮ǰֻʦ˵ǾҲ˵ַǳаһ²ʹá
СӵˣٲʹÿΣڵϦˣ̫ƽϣСȥ
ûб˵ѪҺƵСӵϣѵҪ̫ƽԼѪ
̫ƽҪҪʵˣкܶҪĲ
ԼѪɹŵСڣСӾͻ̫ƽжˡ̫ƽпϢȥ
ԲСӡҲܹΪ㣬Լڲԣ˵˽˵Į˵ҲҲãڲܣһҪ㡣̫ƽȻ뵽һˡ
֮ǰѺ°̫ƽū澡˺ܶ¡Բ̫ƽ
Ϊ°±¶Ϸ˷ǳͰѺ˻ʹԺϴ¹
̫ƽԺ²ȴôԲ̫ƽ£̫ƽѺץúµѪСӣܱѩޣܾİ֮ˣһ˫ȫ
˵̫ƽǸСӸǺñӣŵǰԺ
ԺԺǲͬģҪһŮôڵҹ˳ǰԺһ׵¡
ΪͨԺĴŶ˰֡
ҪȥҪõ̫ͬ⡣
̫ƽֻܴɹŮӡ
ҹǳ䣬˵ȥū澣࣬ҹЩ̿𡣡̫ƽŵ˵ͷŵĲûп
һ˵̫ƽԸģҲ֪̫ص˾Ͼͷˡ
̫ƽԺµķ⡣
µȷһڷ䡣
·סط¯Ӱ޹⣬쬵ġ
Դ򱻷Ժ֮󣬺¾ȫʧȥıӻ
ҲûҪı£ֻõһӣҲˡ
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̧ͷһ̫ƽ߽ʱ򣬴ʧɫµе˵ϣôˣū澶֪ݹ٣
ؿҽչʺõġġ̫ƽ۾ɱ
ūȫ֪˵ʲô
֮ǰζԲңҲĸ֮ȥйءҪҩ¶ĸײѲԽҪһʱˡ
һ紵ŵú䤱¿ͷҪū֪ˡһжū澵£ⶼūôġ
㵱Ȼ԰һж˸ﶼʧˡͳϣô˵У㶾ģ㲻ܲһΡ
ūѾúܲˣĵαһҪūأū˵á
ĹҺôֻѪһеô
̫ƽЦȻذױƽ˺ҶĲϡ
Ҫūʲô˵¾ִС
˵Ұôģ̫ƽ˵
ūڷ˵İ̥ҩһζкҩҩӣڻķĵؽѡ˵
ķѾˣûеؽѡ̫ƽĿȺƭң
Уԭ棬ƶͿԴ򿪡
ԭˡ̫ƽЦ
ôڿԷū𣿡ɪɪ


192 

ģһһȫʬġ̫ƽ˹ȥ
˺£̫ƽʲôȥСӣ
žҹ̫ƽһгˡ
Ȼ̫ƽѺ
ϸղǸʱ˵ģҼһزװáز͸㡣˵һɰ
ɰ飬֪ӱض٣Ҳٶʡ֡߰߰ɡ̫ƽûȥˡ
صȡ²ѪַƹѪͨƽСӵ
СӵĶͷ϶ϸܵĺ顣
̫ƽ־á
һҹ΢΢¶ǰס
̫ƽһҹû˯۵ܲˡſС˯ˡ
ãСѹˡ
һĨϼ̫ƽϣ̫ƽɾסԿϵĺë
СҪȥһȴֱ̫ƽͷˣ΢΢һЦһֱ
̫ƽҲǾ쵽ƵĿˡ
С˵æһû˯˯ɡڻΪˡ
ʲô㶼֪ˣ̫ƽ۾˯ˡ
Сӵ˵ͷȻǻԲѵģҵʶģ֪ڸҽƹѪ֪һΣյķֹ㣬㲢ûԼѪҾͷˡ
̫ƽ˵Ͳõ˭Ѫ
СҡҡͷҲʡġܹҪ˭ѪǸ˾ͱǸ֮ˡ
лΣ˷ǳĲ̡Ȼ飿̫ƽʡ
ôأٲ̣ҲΪ˾ң˵˵㣬Ҫɱ˶Ǹˡ㲻֣Ҳɱ
⻰˵飬̫ƽ΢΢жˣ
С̲סס̫ƽ֣ʣҵı׻𣿡
̫ƽˡ˵ʲôѽҲ˵ʲô
Сʧ˵㲻Ҫˣ޷ܹ⡣
̫ƽһСͷ
ѵ̫ƽֵСץס֣ȡ
Сȴͷ˵֪ҵݲ
ʱš
̫ƽ˵ʲôҪ˵ˣһ١ȺúõĳͰɡ
ãһжġС˵žҪµء̫ƽס㲻Ҫ廹ûкȫһҪٸ㻤һ¡
Сӵ˵ͷ¶΢Цƺܱ̫ƽչˡ
ٽˣСӴһ
̫ƽ˻֣پ׹
С˵ǹΪ˾ңԲʱⴲϵġ
û˵ʲôǧ꣬ǹǹĴϣҲġٺٺһЦ꣬Է˹
ȥǧҲһݡ̫ƽд֪ǧҲҪġ̫Ҳǧꡣ
С˵ȥдŸ̫ɣ̫Ѿˡ
̫ƽĺɹѱīСдţСд̫֮ƽĺɸ̫͹ȥø̫˵ͻȥ̫ΪСӻвҪտԲŹȥˡ
ĺɵͷū֪ˣİɣū֪ô
ĺߺ̫ƽ˵ĺǸȫţΪ˴ִ֪ġͷİɡ
С˵ܹôĹõū澣ȻģԺҲʡĶˡ
̫ƽʡʲôʲôϵ
СЦȻйϵˡ
˵˵
һò͡
Сڴϣ̫ƽڴߡ
ԡСӵݹȥһǸ̫ƽ֪㰮ġ
ѵ㲻𣿡̫ƽС߻˻Ρ㲻Ҿȫˣһ㶼
С죬ҧȥȴ˵ģкӵȻ̵ġ
˵ҪŶ̫ƽЦԵýζ
ۿšǸⶼҪ̫ƽԽȥˡ
Сæڰ֣ðɣˡҳǸвУֻǾк
кӳôˣԼԼòá̫ƽɷнµ˵ֻҪԼжȥøֵġ
𣿡СĿơҲ˵ĶԣҲʱҪıˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷţı
С̾˿
ô˵˵̾ˣ̫ƽСӵüëüëƽ
Сӵͷ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˼
ʱĺɻˣ̫յǧ˵֮ǳ棬˵Ҫˡ
ʲô̫Ҫˣ


193 Ǽ

ܹ̫ǹ򲻿ɱֵö̫ˡСѵ
̫ƽһ֪ԭ򡣡
֮ΪҲҳϡСס̫ƽ֣˵һӡԣһᵱȫҵŮ
̫ƽˣСӡĪһϲá
ýҪʵ̫ƽԼûȷ
˵ʲô̫ݵĸֱ̫ϳ
С˵ܹסҵĻ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
飬Ҳǻ빲˰ɣ
ܵõҲİɣ
ֻǿϧˣС̫̫࣬ƽĽܵ
̫ƽûʱȥϽӭ̫
ֻ̫ǿһ̫ƽ˽ȥ࣬Сںδͷʡ
̫Сء̫ƽ˵
̫С塣̾˵벻Ȼ˳㻹ðɣ
ܹҽտҹƣūѾöˡС˵Ϊӱǵ׷ɱ󴳽ܹԺܹﲢ⡣ҽΡܹĴ£ȴΪʵġ
̫˵ͷһ̫ƽģĺˣ氧߰ɣһкܶҪ㡣
̫ƽæ˵̫ˡŮ죬ǧ겢ѾȬ̫ۣҪǶ˵ҲľԸͲˡ
֪ôҽչСӵģġ̫Ȼɫ
̫ƽЩ֣Դ̫ƽ߹Ҫ̫ƽᱻ̫ˣ̫̫ƽһֱǺɫģǽվȻȻ̫ƽ˸̫ƽɫ
̫ƽ֪ˡҲٶԡ
СˣҲûп̫ƽһۡ
̫ƽСҲò𰸣ֻؿ̫Сӽˡ
ٶ˲ҶСǱ壬Ϊ˾࣬ȻˡҲûж˵һлĻ
̫ƽдúҾСֻǳڵ塣뿪ҲǳҪϾ̫ˡ
ƲƲ졣ﻹΪ˵
̫С͵Լ޹̫֮ҽСӰСӵõ̫֮ļͷ㶼ץȥûУ
Сӵ˵ͷ
̫Сϵ˵ǹ֣ȻؼӺĥ㡣ڽѾץȥˡ
̫ĹǸɱץȥһưոݣġСӵĵ˵
ҪҰңҲһءϾȻɳд̰ҡ̫ʧ˵̫ˣ˲ҲТʲ塣Ҳԭˡ
ԭƵ˽д̫󣬽ʧ̫֮ɳСȥץסЩд̵Ľ
Сӷ˾ţ֮ץסǣǶͽ˼Ρ
Ҳ˽˻ϵ壬ܵʱ׷ɱˡ
ڽѾˡ
СӣΪ˴󹦣ôҶҪл㡣ҪʲôҶӦһ̫˵˵㻰
л̫С͸¶ϣ
Ȼβ㸶߽̫ȫȡ̫Ρ
ֻûá̫˵ˣ̫ǼȻҧԾˡ
ʲôǾҧԾ̫ˣұǸ϶ţԾˣҾû֤ˡ
СҲ˵²ˡ⼸ҺǶˣǾͲջҵıȨˡ壬˵̫նɱ̫ôһǾͲˡ
ԭ̫֮ڶԽԽҡ
Ϊ˶ȡ͢ȨȻ˴ɱ̫Ķ󳼡̫һնɱ֮㲻̫ܰɱˣǰ̫ܵġ
Ͼǻϣ˳ӡ
ϿԸ̫һĪе˵̫˽ף泯
ĸӼ䣬ž޴Ȩջ󣬸Ҳ˵Ĵ
СݳȻЩ̫ƽ˵
ôô죿Сӣ࣬ҷ̫ʵ
Сü˼̫ЩǿֻûгףļʱǶǹ¶ҲûиĸҲΪʲôǶҧԾ
̫Ȼ˼пǲɱģǱ˺ģ
Сӵ˵ͷūҲֻǲ²ˡ
ײ顣ˣڼΡ̫˵
̫Ǽˡ
СӸϰָȻ뵽һˣǺҪĽû


194 ֮

Ǹˣ
Ȼ̫ʱӵࡣ
Сӣץ©һ̫˵ȥĽҶˣû档
˭
̫˵ɫ㾹Ȼûץס
СЦ̫˲ץ
ΪΣ̫һĿɽǻϣĽץõáΪץã
С˵̫֪˷ǳƻ˳֯ɳʹͶλ͢йϸ𡣱ǳӡҪץûаѱûٲҲôҵõ
̫ɫ˵ȻвŻ׽ʹðɡ
Сһ̫ʹã
̫ЦôС𣿰ҵ˼ǣϲĲŻҪҵĻš
ҳڻϡС˵
ҵȻ֪ˡǣ˺֮ĺʹȻҲ¸㹻棬ͲŴ򶯲ˡ
С˵̫Ӣ
̫Ȼ˿ڲ˵ЩȷԾġ
ˡС˵ʲôɷҪԾأ
̫˵̫ҽǶˣȷ
βܹ￴ū˵ܹǴ֮ˡС˵
̫ϸĿСӼۣƺ̫ƽǳİ
̫ˣūֻǾ¡СӴ𣬿Ŀ㡣
̫˵Сӣ㲻Ҫˣֻܶ԰һġ
ūûСӻش
̫˵ȥҵߡͳֹһǳ̫࣬ҲϲϧûֻҳΪһˣҷǳǾͲҪˡĽַǳҡ˵
СӿЦûС
󱻰ʬˡ̫УȻɱ֮ǾԲٴηġҶûбҪ󣬾ҳϣҷǳء
СӲ԰׵΢΢ǡ˵ūʡá
׾ͺáҷǳϲ㣬ϣ㲻ҪðʧĺģعҲܾˣҵȤѣҷǳˡϣһֱŰҡ̫˵ţСӵģЦһ⡣
Сӵͷס
̫˵ôҲӰϢˣ˯ȡ
ǣ̫󡣡Сӵͷ
̫ߺӺˣ˲Σ˵ˣļ٣Ǹ㣬ȴ˵̫һֱڸ죬ôû°ɡ
С˵Ӻ¶ԭƻ˳չֻһ£ǡ̫￪ʼˡ
˵þǸŷҹһӺһ
ֻǴţʲôӵģ˻ǻˣ˭˵׼пܣǺˣֻǱ˶ʼˣԲԽԽףҲΪˡС˵ԣӺһ¡
£Ӻһ˶˵ǻˣֻСȴ˵пǺˣʵ̫ˡ
Ϻ̫ĹϵԽԽˣǻϵˡ̫ȻҪһ˴Ӻȴ̫۰ĻȰס̫̫Ҫʹ뷨ضԼ̫ͻϵìܡΪѾˣ̫ԽԽƣҪԸ̫󡣾ͻԽסС˵
Ӻ˵ģȥ˵ģ̫δػġ
ǲɱġһǻıɱǡ̫ȴûв֤ݡ̫ƽȥ࣬ǣȴ̫ˡС̾˿
Ӻ˵ҿ԰ȰȰ̫󡣲Ͼ¹ϵ̫ͻ֮Ĺϵˣ̫󲢲ȥ
СӻȻ򣬡԰ôû뵽أ̫ôûֽأ̫ﲻҪȥˡΪȥͻ֣ᷢǻϵɱ˽ǡ̫ǳġͷ᲻á̫ﻹôأװɵϾ͵̫ͻ϶̱ӵʱˡ
Ӻ˵ͷ˵ˣ˲ѾóļˣܿͿԺˡҪء
Сӵͷ
ӺȻ̫ƽ
ҹĴһƬڣǿ¹㣬ԺĳڶӰˮϣƺѾ˯ȥˡ
̫ƽԺ裬ơ
Ӻ˽ܹֻǹ̸̸Сӡոһˡ
̫ƽһæɴӺлֱԡ
СӻָúܺãܿͻȬлܹ֮Ӻ˵ܹͲصˡҪģֵܹﵣġ
̫ƽһ


195 ӿ

ܹﻹǼǵˣΪҼǵܹίŸϣܹҲˡӺ˵
ǵģҼ˵ôҾһˡ̫ƽд
֪ұǲŵģС˶ô˵Ҳòţ֤пǺˡ
̫ƽһСҲô˵𣿡
Ӻ˵ͷǵġոտҲ˵ˣ˵ֻǴбȽϻѣŷҾûϵҲö֪ҲпŷΪתĿ⴫ԡ
̫ƽ˵ͷܶഫδضǿŵġ֪Ӻ˵Ϊʲôأ
ܹ֪̫֮ĶԽԽҡѪϴ˽һᲪȻŭܹ󹬡Сһ㣬ҴСתܹġܶ鲻Ҫ֣̫һӵˣܹ濴ȥôʴȣƽ̫˵ҲҪСЩӺĵ˵
֪ˣлӺģֻ˵ĽѪϴǸСйأ̫ƽд
ܹȻѩ¶ˣȷСѪϴ˽ͬʱСҲˡӺ˵ͷ
ȻСѪϴ˽ôôŹСأ̫ƽһ
Ҫģ̫ǳСӣضܱСӣ̫һϵʱСûа취ġ
ӺҲ˵ˣ̫Ѿ֮УλֵóȥСӣ̫ƽд
ǿδء̫ﻹг֧ء
̫ƽһ
ԣ̫ܵˡӺ˵
Ҳǣ̫һһŮŮ̫СްȻϵһЩ̫ƽ˵ͷˣлӺôӺҪȥ
Ҫȥ̫˵ҪȰ̫ҪټСίȥġСӸ˵ЩҶܹΪ֪СӸܹͬһ㣬Ҳ֪ܹﲻСӡӺ˵
ҵȻᡣĺˡ
Ȼġٲ̫ҪټҲδؼõ˵ˣ̫óȻټͻᴥ棬ѱϲƣʯ١Ӽ˶ҧأǻһˣ̫ⶼҪ˵ϻôأ
̫ƽдˡ
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̫ƽ¹źȲ裬Ȼ뵽־ƵȷǷӿְг䵱ʲôɫأѵְʲôû
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ֻ̫˵ϴηѵѾüĿѾŪ۶ӡ
̫һ˼ѾںŪ˸ͰҪݺ̫ƽ
˵ͷ
̫ϸؿһۡƺһѾʵôں󹬰ŪĶҿⱳɣ
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̫Ц㻹治˽ڵľѽʲôҪҪǲѾҲѾûа취ΪҲûа취ƵңôܶҵŮأ
벻̫˵ͨ͸Զԡ
̫Ȼ˵ҪԸ飬ʱû˼ȥѵˣȥɡ
һжСˣСӵȻ֪̫˵ĸʲô̫Ҫ֮Ĺϵ»ϺȻ䡣̫ˣʱѾûоȥԸҡ
ȫɱ̫Ѿû֤֤Ҹϡѳֳ
Ȼû֤ݣûȥץңһᰲȻץסһҵŮʲôôأ˻
̫Ȼɵô
Ȼټ̫ƽ˵Ѿȥ̫ǰѾһ״˭֪̫ﲻ봦ѾҲûа취
̫ƽдлŮѾǳмԸĹ
˵ѾΪôˡԸΪһ飿
˵
½һλŮǳ춼ҲûˡԸȥһϣ취ûϱһˣ˵
̫ƽдǣգǳŮͼģ


196 

赣ģȻ˵Ͼͱа취ᰲŵġ˵
̫ƽдǳŮ΢ᣬ²ܹûӡ
Ҫ취ˣô̫ƽ㲻Ը𣿡ָԼףĿ⿴ʵϬޱȡ
̫ƽдΪŮԸһԡ
Ͷˡ˵ʹɱĹŮװȥͼ˵ǱġʱٳӰɣϣɹϢ
̫ƽ뿪ˣȴǳá
Ȼ̫ƽ̫ƽϣ۾֮ѽһϷŭҪɱ̫ƽҲǲܵġ
̫ƽȴòӦ
ҪӦƵȥ
̫ƽȥʱ򡣺ȻԺ￴һϤӰ
̫ƽ󾪣ⲻС
ôˣ̫ƽϲܹȥ̫𣿡
СЦɵģҲ̫һߡ
̫ƽЦ绨ôϣ
С˵ҵ廹ûиԭҾιˡ
ȻûȫȬΪʲôҪԶĹأѵʲôҪ𣿡̫ƽһ
Ϊ㣬϶ȥˡ϶ȥ¡С˵
ΪǹɵҪ𣿡̫ƽЦȻǺܸ˵ġ
죬ᣬСӴûп̫ƽô
̫ƽ֮ô죬ΪСӵҲ졣
ǵġС˵
¶ˣȷ˼ҲǳҪôء̫ƽ̾˿ˡȺȱɡ
ʯѾڷ˲ߣ̫ƽԸС衣

̫ƽСӵһ裬Ҷƺÿ׵Ų豭Ŀ
С̫ƽǳǳغš
㲻ҪȥСӺȻ˵豭ϵӺޱȣ̫ƽǲݾܾ
ΪΣ̫ƽ⡣
ϺɫȥػزС˵ģ£һΪֻ谴˼ϹŮ·鷿ſڣʣµ¡
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ġСӵ䣬赭ء
ô᲻᣿֪ңΪ˰ңʹ·֪һܵġ̫ƽ˵΢΢ͷ
һ鳤̫ƽ覵Ĳϡʹ֡
СһȻЦˣҵ·һҪţкܶҪԼ·Ϊ㣬Ҳȥġ
⻰ƺƲ̫ƽ֮Ĺϵ̫ƽ΢Щ̧ͷСӣСѾϰ˶࣬ĻȣҲǱѩ˵ĻҲһ˼̡
̫ƽ˵ĪҪΪ˰˵Ļ֪㲻Ҫףϡ˲ϣ
仰ƺǱˣõı׾ʲôû˵ʵʲô˵ˡ
СӶʱһůӿ˿̾ˣҲûźģΪȻʲô鶼ûɡǴҸȥġ
ٴ꣺˵ûΣգ˵㲻ҪȥˣѵϵΪʲôҪϸȥϵأ
⻰δЩˡ̫ƽ˵֪ҲΪֻΪ˽ӽ
˵ҪӽкַܶαҪһͼķأҪΪϵ檡㣬ҽͰ͵ϵĴϣΣСЦ
̫ƽˡվôôңڵǸҾԭ㡣
Сûлش¹ӨӨСӵ
СӵʹĽʲô˼
̫ƽһɵòش˵벻Ůˡ
֪ûиġСӵ˵ѹĿʹ
ȻôΪҵģֺαҪأ
ҲҪ㣬Ҫ񣬺ûйϵܹδ̫ˡ
̫ƽֻԼĺȻˣţ˵Щ𣿡
紵Сӵ˵ͷ治ɫǵģġ
ôյ֮ǰȫһˣ
ܹȰԺҪô׵ˡС˵ˡ
ôˣ
̫ƽһѵСǱ˱ȵģ


197 ʥ

ûã˹Ů·Ҫ̫ƽʹϡ
ǣ̫ƽ˹Ů·鷿ǰ˼һ뼦ҪȥСӲ֪ðȻס̫ƽ
Сûˣ̫ƽ˵ˣĲ𣿡
СӲû̫ƽǺȻ̫ƽеļǰתߣ̫ƽ׷Ѿ߽鷿ˡ
鷿ſ̫ƽѾûмˣôܽȥأȻСǿԽȥġΪСǾǧ̫֮꣬ס
̫ƽǳģҪΪѪϴһץסСءҪ̫СӣСͱɱ˳ô
ǣСȴҪͶ
̫ƽ鷢أ
ǣ̫ƽĴѸתνСӡ
鷿Сڼ˻ϡ
˵㾹ȻԸ֤ɼȷеġ
ūŲ֪ʲô£ҪūŶϡСӵĮ˵¡
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ΪʲôҪɱһвŻˣСʣ鲻䡣
֪вŻɱ̫ĽЩ޵ĸ֪ԣĹ㣿Ц
ˣɱܶصǸҲûɱС΢΢һЦ
˵𣿡ߵ
ǵģԻ㲻ܹɱҡС˵
ѵ㡣ȥ˺𣿡
ǿδܹɱ˵ġ
仰˵Ķˣ书Ӧǲģ޵ӦֵܡЦ
ϺγԣС治ɫ
Ϊӣ㶼øҪп˰̣޳ʱ򣬻ΪޡϹһЦ
СЦԻ㲻ɱҡ
Ϊʲôһǳȷ
ΪҾСӺȻѱϵ˰ȥ¶Ӣޱȣ覵
Ψһһûκ覴õϿ˶þΪˡ
ϣ㿴ˣ˰ɣСӵһЦ
վȻ
μϣˡСӹ¡
ʱ̫ƽѾ¶һ뼦
ū澰뼦͹ػ鷿ôãֻֻҪһġģԡ̫ƽһȥˡ
ǵ̫ƽ鷿ϾȻСô׽ʱɵۡ
ԭղŻһʱˣСҲӱϣһϥ̸϶Цݡ
̫ƽȻԼιˣ˳ȥϵ۾ȴˡæ˵˭
̫ƽû취ֻӲͷƤͷ˽ȥػϣū澣û࣬˼ū˹
Сüͷôôģˣڻ˵Ϊģôôأ
¿ôأһϿ̫ƽˣҪ̫ƽ޿ôأ
ǳУϲͷ˵û˵ϽѼ˹ɣϡ
С룬˹ŵ̫ƽƮ㣬ܾͻ̫ƽ̧ͷСЦϣ屾ͺˣٺȼ岻áҸոҲϺαҪô༦أ
˵˵ͷ˵Ķԡô޾ͲҪˡ
Ȼͷ̫ƽ˵ȥɡ
̫ƽ˳ȥˡ
Сӿ̫ƽıӰĿ顣룺ô㣬㾹ȻôңΪ˽ңȻ˼˽Ҳ˲ԼİΣΪʲôôأ
СҲϲãܱԼϲϲš˰
ֻҲǳȻܹ̫ƽϲȴİҸʹʹء
ôˣϿСǳ˵ѵ㿴˸ղǸŮ
ûаϡСѵɳʲôˣ
޿Ů֮ԥԥĲˡ˵ϲŮ޾͸Ǵͻˡ
ĲǣϣֻǴɰˣŮ˭֪ʲô˼С˵
ڿԸˣΪʲôҪٰСӣ̫ߣһ˿Ϭ
С˵ΪūҪȡ̫ΣӶΪ̽ܡ
𣿡°ͣСӣĿ̽Ѱ


198 ʤ

̫ƽصԺСӾʲôԻƵ۶ϥ̸ˣ
˿ʶܾõһͲǳС̫ƽˡ
Сûˣ̫ƽȴ£СǶԼࡣ
ʱ̫ƽյ߹뺯߹˵ʱڿ˹߹Ҫзıˣ߹װ˵ԼŤˣ̫ƽμӱ
ķء߹ͻЩ۶ӣѷƸˡ⼸춼ûôӮ˰˹أ߹ҳ𣿡̫ƽ˫°Ϳǳˡ
Ȼ˵̵̣ٺã̫ƽٸߣֲһһϦѧġǲᡣ
Ӯˣ̫ƽӮˡȴ߹̫ƽЩڣôһھܾˣʡԼ̯ӡ
ĺ˵ϧū澱ֱŵģȻһ԰æ
ʱѾˣ̫ƽã˵Ҫȥ˹ˣ룬淭һǱȽϾͨģҽ㼸аɡ
æס˵ɱôǰǹ϶ǹݺǹģ˭̵֪ʲôèأ
̫ƽд٣񡣡
Ѿ˵̫ƽ㶼ū˵𣿻УѵҵĲζѾֵز𣿱סһǽ֮ھӡ
ôʲôָأɣ㵫˵޷̫ƽд
Ѿóһӣ͸㣬ӷ淭ٶȾͿ˺üˡһԡ
̫ƽӹĺ˵СģѾ˵ֽأ̫ƽú𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷǰԼϣȻƺǴ˵һ̫ƽᷭתָǷתܹתٺÿĻˡ
Ѿ˵һٰ·㿴
ѾŪ̫ƽҲѧŰŪȻһӾͻˡ
ȻѾ˵ȻѾѧˣҲͦõģ㲻ӣǻһӣܾͷͬÿĻˡ
̫ƽд˼ȥ˾ʱӶ𣿡
Ѿͷǵģ̫ƽùȻ
ǣġ̫ƽʧ˵
ûйϵҿȽһõġѾ˵
̫ƽ˵ͷǺõġ
Ȼʱ̫ƽ˵ɰһʲôҪأ
Ѿ˵ҿûôı£ôϸʲôأѵЩضĴָôСǿ𣿡
̫ƽд٣һƬ⡣㲻Ȱˣ㲻ҪңҪңѵġ
ѾЦѽһͺˡǡҸҲûأ̫ƽԸ⡭
̫ƽһʲôҪܼҳ
Ѿô˵ѵҪύ̫ƽ
Ҫ˵Ѿôͻ̫ƽģҪΪ̫ƽǲŵġ
̫ƽûģΪѾıٴ̫ⷭƽǲˣҲȻʲôֽġ
Ѿȷ̫ƽʾãʾõĿʲô̫ƽڻ벻
ǲ̫ƽѾĺ⣬һȥԸ˹
գ˺ܶӹ
Ҳˡ
߹̫ƽ˵˹ķŵģֻҪˮƽˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷʱСҲˡ
˹ʢ˵˵̫ƽˣʹҵĿȥô
̫ƽЦд˹ʥˣȻ˵ô˵ķ
˶𣿡˹Цͷ߸
Ȼ¡һ˹أ̫ƽд۹ƽ޲
ˡҲĿȥ˹ظ˵
˹˵㻰𣿡̫ƽ˵
ȻˣΪ϶ǲġ˿϶㡣˹ݰ˵
̫ƽһдոλˣλ֤˹˵ˡˣҪҵĿȥȻҲͬġ
˵˵㻰á˹ڳˡ
СüëΪ̫ƽġ
ʼˡ
̫ƽѾӣȻѸٵؾռϷ硣˹ۿԼҪˣһѰ̫ƽ˹
̫ƽ˵ѵ˹Ҫˣ𣿡
˭˵Ҫˣ⣬ˣҵķ㣬˵ӻһŹƽ˹ǿʶ


199 ҵ˭

߹˵ĺðԵ˵ӶǸù˵ģѵܻ𣿡
ôͲˣӶѣ淭ѵͲҵ𣿳ġ˹дʡ
û⣬Ȼ˹ҪҵķǾðɡ̫ƽЦд룬˹ļ˵ĻҵӣҲһġ
ߣơ˹˵
˹̫ƽӡȻûиղôѸˡ
ֻǰ˹Լ̫ƽֽţ̫ƽôۿ̫ƽҪˣ߹ɼˡ
С΢΢һЦȻӿڴץһɹ˲עͶ˳ȥ
ɹƫСѸٵ˰˹ϵ棬ӶʱͶˣ˹֮ǰĻûˡǰ
ʱ̫ƽĻѾˣӹɣ̫ƽʤˡ
߹̫ƽҾ֪Ӯġ
Ҳһ˵ܹ
̫ƽŴҵ˵ͷ
˹ҪߣȻĺɳȥס˰˹˹㲻ߣ˵ģ˭˭ҪԷĿɣΪùô˵㻰أ
˹˵ū澸ҶԱô˵±ɱ㣿
ūû˵ɱ޹ĺ治ɫ
˹һƾʹȥ̫ƽһץסˣ˹ȣسŵҲˡڻҴˣĻҵˡ
˹Ц˵ʲô˭ˣ
Ҷˡ̫ƽд
˭ָ𣿻𣿡˹Χм˶ϵãָ˼ˣǼ˶˵û
˹˵̫ƽûУǶûﱾ
߹˵ã˵仰ҿ֤
߽㣬̫ƽҶ֪֤ʲš˹༥
а˭˵ʵСҲˡ߹СӣϣСΪͷ
Сȴ˵ʲôû
̫ƽСһۣһ˵ѻ˵ĸ滰һ治ɫĲ
ǸղСôģ̫ƽȴǿˣղҪС͵͵Ĵóһʲô˰˹ϵϣҪûжˣ̫ƽҲӮ˵ġ
Сӱ濴顣ʵڰа̫ƽ
Сӱϲ̫ƽҲԭģϾСҲ˵ǣȻҶ˵ˣô͵ǴҶŰ˹ȥ̫ƽĿɣ԰˹ã̫ƽҲǲõġ
Ϊ˵಻ʼ棬ûմŭˣȻԺͻƫ̻˹̫ƽ͸ӲˣҲҪһĶǺѽ
Сûа̫ƽ˵ûҪԱаҲð˹֮Ĺϵ̫ѿ
˹Ц̫ƽ㿴ûУСҲ˵ûп
̫ƽЦд˹˼С˵ûпֻΪϹˣˣ˹ȻˣҲͲˣǽշǰ˹ˡ
̫ƽ˸ңʤ֮䡣˹ɲԸ䡣
˹⻰ʲô˼⻻ҲģֲģԭһԸ⻻ءҼǵõȥʱұҲѾıˡҶӮġ
̫ƽҲŹģûܹôʧܣ˹ȻˣίƵġ
̫ƽŰ˹ıӰҡҡͷʵ˹һӣֻˡ
ʱѾ߹˵ϲ㰡̫ƽӮˡ
̫ƽһЦӮˣð˹ˣҴӮĶѡ
ô˵ӮˣǾҪˣʱҪǵҰ顣ҼôѾЦôôϣ֮ǰ̫ƽԶѾƵġ
̫ƽ˵пһȥ
ҶͶĿ⡣û뵽Ѿ̫ƽȻͺˡ
߹˵̫ƽãԺ󻹸Һ𣿡
̫ƽд߹ˣҸ߹ʶȡﻹʼأ
ǻ࣬߹ٺһЦγ˹ʲôʱҵİ
ٳһЩɡ̫ƽίؾܾ
εķ̫ƽʤȻ̫ƽصԼԺӣû뵽СҲ˽
ôڲ¸ߵ̫ڲ֪𣿡̫ƽ˵
Сӵͷֻ֪ôѾͺˣ
ΪʲôҪԭأ̫ƽȻСӣһ˫ˮ۾ѵܹ𣿡


200 㰮

̫ƽһ˫ˮ˫ģֱСͷģҲֱӣǵͷװ䵭˵ֻǾãȻ໥Ӧû̹ϣѾ֮ǰǵжԹϵΪҪأ϶Ļơϣܹ㲻Ҫš
ҲѾѵһ⼸˵Ļѵк̹𣿡̫ƽԽ˵ԽСӶԶ̫ƽǳ
˭֪СȴһҲ֪Լˣֻ䵭˵ܹѾĺˡȻԺͲٹˡ
̫ƽһСʲô˼ʲôܹ𣿡
Сҡҡͷܹ֪ҵݣܹҵľ֮һģҪĻһܹİȫġֻǱġ͵֮ǰ˵ĻһϷҲ㣬Ҳҡһȫǡ
̫ƽɵۣû뵽Сӹ˵Щʲô˵˵Ҫǵʲô˵ϲģĵģⱲֻϲһˡ˵ϷԲԣǲЩ
Сû뵽̫ƽʵôֱӣ˵ͷ˵ĶԡǸʱΪңҷ곡Ϸ˵˵
С˵ЩΪʲôǲǲǣ̫ƽ¿ϲˡ
ѵܹѵ㲻ʲô𣿡С̲ס˵
ҵȻ֪ҸԼһ㲻ܹҳأȻǺϲģѵ㲻֪𣿲֪ϲһǿԲƺ𣿡̫ƽѾ˵ˡ
ⷬ˵ˣС̧ͷؿ̫ƽܰɡѵĶԼѾ
ܹ֪˵ʲô֪ͬҵ֪Ҳġͬһˣ㰮һˣʱҸǲįϲܹϣܹǲԿЦġ
Լ뷨ԼĸоҺûϲ㡣Ҳϣ㲻Ҫҵĸ顣ǣԲϲҲԾܾң㲻Ҫ˵ңֻΪǲįġ̫ƽ
СӵͷȻ޻˵ˡϣ㲻Ҫôȥ
СתҪߣ̫ƽ߹ȥס㲻Ҫ˵˺òãɲԼģһ룬ôģΪأҺҺϲҵģΪʲôϳأ㾿ںʲô
ܹΪʲôôأѵÿкֻҪ࿴һۣϲҶ˵㲻Ҫô棬ȻϵƭġСӼǰߡ
Ļ񵶼һ̹̫ƽöеͦȥˡѵ֮侭ô࣬оֻϷֿԽ𣿡
ǵģҵֻи𣬳˸ûбĸ飬ܹΪʲôҪأҲ˲Źһ̫ϣ㲻Ҫôȥˡˣ˵Ļˡټ
Сˣ̫ƽıӰϽʧ
䣬̫ƽվס
ղǷȻ̲ס˵ڵģҲȷķθ֮ԡ
˵ԼҲҪϱˣǾô鲻ԽģϲСӡ
ֻ֮ǰΪСݵԭ̫ƽȷԼܲܽһ̫࣬һֱԥţΪСǶ̫ƽԶģ̫ƽ̲ס˵ˡ
̫ƽɵӣСӶôϲϲ̫ƽܹоõģΪʲôСӻ˵ⷬ˺أСᵽ֡˵ֻи
ʲôиСӾʲôݣǧ꣬Ϊʲô
ʱūܹˣ̫ƽ˲۾Լƽ
ˡū˵
̫ƽ˶񣬻ص˷
Ѿ˵̫ƽЩ¡ҵ¾Ҫȥˣһ£Щһڹﾭ˺ܶࡣҺܸˡ֪мˣҽϡ
̫ƽдôͻȥ̫˵ûУ
̫Ӧˣֻ̫ƽǸʵҷŵģҵıⲢҪ˺㣬֪һֱڲ£Ҿ͹㿪ϲˡ
̫ƽȻ벻ѾȻ˷顣
㣬ѾȥֻҪ̫׷Ҳ׷̫ƽд
ȥ̫Ǹһֲȥϣڳ֮ǰ̫ƽÿԸһȥҲǰ׳׳ѾϿޱȵ˵
Ȼû⡣ֻǣϣҰ̫ǰ˵ʲôأ


201 ж

̫ƽȻ֪ѾҪǸѾֻ֪Ѿ¶ǲǸ顣
̫ʵѾ֪࣬ȴû׷ҡѾҶɼ̫ʱѾ⽻Թ˲Ͼ
̫ѾûоȥʰʲôѾˡʱѾӮ̫ĺøС
Ѿ̫ƽһȥǸ޷Ǿ̫󿴵ѾùϵԺһᰲؼϣ̫ҪٶԸǡ
Ѿһ˫񰡡̫ƽԸ
̫ƽд㲻ǿֹȥܲãȥ̫ʳǶԹеǼζˣ񲻸̫ģ
ѾһЦǼãֻұֱŵģʲôأ
㲻û¡ҿԽ㡣̫ƽд
Ǹˣл̫ƽáѾ˼ˡ
̫ƽѾȥһֻУ̫ƽ͵͵ڿ˻ۡ
̫ƽȻ֪̫Ի۹ǳ⿾ضȫ̼ò
ȻŮ̫Ѿ³ǸԼһʱͿģͱ˶޹ϵ
̫ƽҲд̫Ȼ¸ϴһΰɣصʹЩҲ׷ִˡ
⻰Ѿ飬ʵȴڰʾѾǺûзִ硣
̫˵Ѿ㾹ȻѾ֪ҲԺܸа̫ƽð㡣Ϊ飬ɼؿ㣬÷ǳãҺϲ̫ƽΪŮ֮ģ
Ѿ̫̫ƽЩʼɣ˵֪̫ζ˻ʹƷظ̫ƽ˼ϣ̫ϲ
ǻ˿ңˡ̫ϲɫ
ѾΪȻ˵Щ󲿷Ѿġ
̫ƽﰵЦ
̫˼ڵͷǰϲζѾúܺã͡
ѾȻ͸߸˵س˹
ѾǰŸߣ̫ߵĹŮž͹ˣ̫ƽ˵ˡ̫Ȼʣȫ˺ӡѾ̫ҽˣ̫ҽȴ֪ʲô¡
̫ƽæǹŮȥȷ̫Ѿȥˣڴϣ϶кӡ
Ҫһҽκõġ̫ƽ˵ͷд
λŮʱǶ֪̫ƽҽҽ
̫ƽѾ߽ƺõ쳤˹
쳤һζôõõĲҩĺͨĲҩû̫𣬶ƺú쳤Ƶģܲۡ
Ѿߣ쳤ȥҩˮһˮ
ǡѾߺܿæȥˣͬʱ̫ƽһѾ߰쳤ȥˮһˮ
̫Ȱҩ£ᣬˮ塣̫ƽд
ãܵĺܣҪϰѰҵëκã̫͡ڴ˵
쳤ҩЧܿ죬ûã̫;ûôˣ˴ԼһӣԭЩ߿飬Ҳɫ˲١
̫ƽһ̫ҩˮ󣬵˵ڶ죬̫Ȭˡ
Ȼ̫̫ƽΪʲôᷢ
һǿ׳ƤܺãƤȻӣҼǵãǳѾĿ֮󣬾ͱˡ̫
̫ƽд̫֢״˻۵Ķǻ۹¡ճʳв뻨ۡ
ôܣҵʳôܻлۣƽ»ۣΪҶԻ۹Ů֪ǶȻʳм뻨۵ġǾڼӺҡ̫϶
ǼȻˣ̫԰ѿȥоһ£лۣ̫ƽд
̫ͷð컹һֿˣȥо
ûáˣȻ溬һЩۡ
̫ŭѾȻҪӺңٲˡϧȴװ׵س
̫ƽд̫ҪͷѾҲ£ֻҪһʥּټѾ˵ѾĿ̫⣬ҪѾѾȻ˵Ľʱ̫Ϳһ¡
̫˵һѣǰץסѾ᲻ı
̫ƽдѾֻһŮҪԱΪŮץҪıʵ̫ðաŮΪҲˡ
̫˵ͷã֮մѾ
С֪ˡ
ҹˮ̫ƽԺȲ衣
ٻȲŹǷ
̫ƽдȥϢɣعҡ
ٸ뿪Ȼһ죬һ˷ɵ̫ƽǰ


202 ټҲ

̫ƽһۿȥȻϣСӡ
ֻСһ£ƮƮһ㣬̫ƽǰĺ㣬ɺף᳾
ֹˣ㲻˵㲻ټ𣿡̫ƽЦôʳˣĵˣ㲻ò
ܹһ㡣Զһ˵ŮܲסС˵
ʲôŮܲף㲻˵ֲ̫̫еġ̫ƽѵ¶СŮ̬
С˵ǲеģһ֪
⻰ʲô˼̫ƽһ
СӺȻס̫ƽͣЦʲô˼Ժ֪ڲ㡣
ڹΪʲôЦң̧ܣ̫ƽûж㿪
Ȼǡûôģҹֻ㣬αҪѾ̫֮˽ԹأСӷſ̫ƽɫαҪ̫׼ѾαҪǻأ
ôǻˣҵĿľǶԸңۿ̫ҪѾˣ̫ѾٻסѾ̫ǶѾұȻẦʱͻҵвˣ̫ƽԼ뷨г
̫ˣܹ׻˵ļԲȶֻ̫ɣǸĻŮ̫󻹻ỳɶֻ籩¶ķâ۶𣿡
̫ƽһ˵Ŀģ̫ʼ𣿡
пܡΪֻ̫һܹƵˡ̫ⷬǷǳŮӣ޷ƿأ˵ǲǱѾ£̫Ը̫Ѿպܹ͸ĴˡСӷ
˵Ҫôźã̫ƽ̾˿
ȻѾ˾ûа취ˣȥʲôҪϽضȥɡСӲ̫ƽ
ҪĶ𣿡̫ƽߵСǰҪ۾ӡͺǰĶ𣿡
Ȼǡܻ˵СӵˣҪâͱȱһܣʣµ㴦ɡ
Ҫδ㲻˵㲻ٹҵ㲻˵㲻ҡں𣿡̫ƽʵ
û˵Ҫ㡣С˵̫ܿƽĿ⡣
˵ôңȴ˵㲻ںң㾿ʲôʱôķˣ
ܹϴξ͸˵ˡʵ̫棬ᱻƭģҲҪ㣬ֻڰԼҲϣΪҪöҵĿġһֱֻ㣬ϧܹȴңҶ˼ⶼܹ̫ˡ
ԭһе̫ƽȻһ³
ðɣҲãҲ˶϶ķǷ֮롣̫ƽͷȥ
Ȼޡû뵽ȴЦˣǿ˵Ҳǰ޵ģ߰ɡ
Сӿ˿̫ƽѵˣܾģôأѵⲻҪĽ
̫ƽ˵ģһصҾͻӦӺף๫ӣҢӡ֮һӦһסҲСˣʱðˡ
Сסˣû뵽̫ƽȻ˵Щ紵ģڻ죬ô紵񱱷һĴ̹أ
ʹ˰ɣ˰ɣԼƸ˱ˡ
СӻתȻýŲôĳءصЩˡ
̫ƽıӰЦţѵ˵ټ
գ̫ȻټѾ⧲УѾͱѺˡ
˵ԼŮ̫ˡæȥһϣȥ̫档
̫ϴһܣ̫ǲԸѾ
̫ƽȥ̫̫Ҫĵط
̫һֱﴹᣬ˵ѾˣȻΪҡѵ֪Ѿ¶Ҫ˵ԩϾҪҷҵŮѵϿҵŮ𣿡
̫ϢŭҲֻһʱ嶯ȻѾѾˣͿƾ̫Ĵˡֻ̫ҪʱٰοοϾͿˡ̫ƽд
̫̾˿Ը˰ɡ
̫ƽ빬Ůڻʹסʱ̫ʢչˣķǳм޲ɢ֮ϯĸ˼ŮҪȥТˡ
̫˵Ҳԣҿʱ䣬㸸ҲҪϻˡ㸸˴󹦣ֳɹϴϲ㸸ףҪؼңúø㸸ףһˡ
ʲôˣ˴󹦣


203 Ŀ

̫ƽڳ֮ǰ̫̫ƽȥѾһ档
̫˼̫ƽȥѾʲô㡣
ʵ̫Ǻҵģһıأ
ֻ̫󲻺ټұˣֻȥ̽ѾĿڷ磬̫Լֲȥֻ̫ƽȥˡ
ηԵúܳƣȥģֻѾȻؽȥˡηȴܸɾû󣬳ԵķȻáҲǺܳһҲúܶˡ
̫ƽ֪ΪѾõ˶Ĺա
̫ƽʱѾһɫڵϣ϶ۣԵó
̫ƽѾȻ⡣˵̫ƽã֪Ϊزǰ͡ȻȡЦҡ
̫ƽһô˵㱻صη̫𣿺ʲôϵ
ѾЦ̫ƽҪԼȫƿ֪ƾ̫ǻۣȻ벻̫ƽãõġ
ô˼˵̫󲻹ˣ˵ǸҪ̫ˣ˵˵ȥҪ㲻˵ɡ̫ƽд
Ҳ˵̫ƽãǿ鿾ΪʲôлۣҸ⻨۾˭ŵ㣬Ҳ
̫ƽЦд㣬µˣ㻹ʲô̫Ҫң֪ô֮ǰ̫֪ŵģһŹˣΪƾĵǸܵõ̫Ļˡ㣬̫ҪŹѡڿϷ˻ۣĴ̫棬̫ҼӺԼǲŰ̫Ƽˣ̫ҪԸ㣬ԭ򡣡
̫ƽÿ˵Ц̫ƼǸ˲ڿϷŻ۵Ҳ֪̫Ի۹ĲҲһжıģҪ̫ԿѾЦ
̫ƽȻ˵ˣû뵽֪ͨ͸Ƕϲˡ
㡭ʲôѾˡԭ粻ưˣͻ˵ˣһֱš
ԣҽտȻҽԼƼ̫ƽЦȻѾҪȡҾͲ֪ˡ
ôɱң
ʵ㣬Ҳɱ㣬ѵһҪȥҵˡȥ̫˵һжҵıƾ޾ݵģ̫ţôأ̫֮ĸҲʲô¡̫ƽЦ
һŮȻҪɱˣ̫ݶˡ㲻ҪɱңҪɱҡѾµˣֽŶţӵˣ
ģҪɱ㣬ҪԼ֣һɱŪð죬һɵӣⲻǱ˸˿𣿡̫ƽЦ
̫ƽ벻˺ݶ֮ˣ뵱ø˵ʱҾӦ֪ˣϧϧûĻһֱ㵱ɺýá
Ϊý㲻Ҫ˶ص㡣Ϊʲôѻڻʹ粻Ҫ𣿿ϧʯͷԼĽţûңԼָҳ飬ʵ̫ʧˣܹ׿ڳϣһˬ֮ˣҲһ㡣ɵӡѣϧϧ̫ƽЦˡ
Ѿ£ʲô취أѾǽ
̫ƽճ
û뵽ǣְĵʫҲ￴Ѿ
ã㲻żҺϲ㡣һȥġʫ˵Σҵõ̫ͬ⡣￴㡣Ҳþҵӡ
ʫһҪңֻҪңţԡѾʫ֡
㲻ҪǻѻҵѻѵأԿԾ㡣ʫѾԼ䡣
ѾͷáֻҪҳȥҪ̫ƽĥʫ㡣ҪʲôҾʲôȫġ
ʫͷϸյЦ
Դϻ̫ƽϺʫ֮ʫԥ֪Ҫ̫ƽأҪѾá
ʫ̫ƽ̫ڸӣѾȴڲټʫʵǲܹҾˣϾǸҹϵ
ݺĵעǶġ
ʫβҪ֣Ѿ
̫ƽص˶ȻѾˡ
Σ񱱷˳õ˿ƣ˴󹦣ʱ򣬰ռеӭϸǴ͡
ԺװӣﶼǻʹĽ鱦
̫ƽֿ֣ɲףô͸ɹأ


204 ϲ

֮ǰ˵ȥֵ˶˼ضزڱֱӲˣôûеòɹذˣƽƽĻأ
Ȼ֮ǰ̫ܶƽɲйܵġ
̫ƽһ
̫ƽҲոջҪȼһϷ˺ϡȥȽϷǡ
˳Ҳȥ̽һйϢ̫ƽôҲûһ㲡ģϾôء˸֮䶼ᴫȾο˸ˣӴôʱ䡣
ĴϵŰɹͼÿһ˶ϣһźľϰһ໨ӺܴƿȱСƿʲôûװ
Ϸһ̫ƽ§̫ƽᶼγˣ̫ƽЩûˣѽڹҲҹáûĸεġ
̫ƽһ÷˫ӣڴһȦƯĺɫӣȥӣң÷ӣһǳɫ£һɫĿӰѽűסˣֻ¶һɫЬ⣬ͷдŮĸˣŮĲǣգŮȻúõسд𾭣ĸκγͷ
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ĸŮƶ졣̫ƽٺһЦһ
ΰúãѾؽηȥˣĸ֪϶йءϷ˺Ȼ̫ƽĶ˵ĸ˵˵ôѾηģ
ĸԩѾɻʲôҿʲôûͱ̫ؽˡ̫ƽдȻ̫ܳƽƵģȻϷ˻Ϊ̫ƽ˽ƻ
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·ͬСɣɱСŮңʵҪ飬׳ĶŮˣһŮ˶ʧƣһ溰ɱġҲʧˣͺûͣô׳أ˵ؿû˿ٽˡϷ˽͵
̫ƽ˲ŲٽӻϷ˵Ĺ۵㣬Ϸ˲ϲ˷ֻϲͬ
ʱ˹̫ƽָӵ
˵ˣ㸸׸ջͻˣһܾܵ˵Ҫ˵ɲɣϲ¶յһˡ
ǵܵңһ˵һҪ˰ɡ̫ƽԵ˲ݸϡĸȲ裬褺ѧҵ
˵Դѧãһһѧ֮ܵܵѧҵವǡҪμӿԣܵҲеġǰףʱͿԲμһѡοˣҲմմ⡣ϲɫѡ
ϷЦ˼Ҫǵӵȥʲô״ԪŵģȻоλϮҲɽա첻ѧǸɽɽҲҪ˵ġ褺бµģֻ֮ǰӡ̫ңģºˡ̫ƽרŵָ㣬ؽǹҶ֮ġ
һʱ̫ƽʵ˵׻ˣ˴󹦡
ǰ㸸ؿΪˡϴϲҪѶĳϮȨˡϷЦ
֮ǰΪȸ˵˼仰ʵ۶˳ϮȨֻܳϮһ
񣬼Ȼ˴󹦣˳⣬˳ģ϶Ҫʰ֡
ûбȨֻмأʵҲôСоֻΪ˳ˮ飬ʡʹͱġ
ֻŮ׵ǣأôܡ̫ƽֹ
˼˵ΪʲôûմȾЩණͻˣʵζöϷЦ
ʲôҲһͬȥ𣿡̫ƽһ
ûһͬȥ˵ȥ㸸ȥҪǵãǶ
̫ƽ˼еģǸ밲ˡ
һǲϲ̫ƽģ˵̫ƽˣڴϡ
̫ƽ밲۾ֱˣ˵ۺһ㶼Ҫ̫ƽ˵һ仰
̫ƽд׿ﲻŮѧһָԸΪһԡ
ʱȻһ߽ѧһִ𣿡


205 û

ĲǱˣ
̫ƽһϲҪѿڶˣ뵽Լڱлưͣס飬˸
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ˣҲǺܸˡ
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ǽ
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̫ƽܸˣգһԸһò衣
ͷȥ
ʱܱ˵ƽΪԾҹȥңҵΪʲô˵··ɱ𣿡
̾ϢҵŮؽΡ̫ҽ˼ңҲ˰ѱ
̫ҪҶ֡Ͷ˰̫ץֻΪңֻŻˡܱ˵
ܱͶңϣܽҵȥΪӵܱͿԼ̳϶үľλˡ
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Сıˣһô׷Ź𣿡һЦ
˼ǡܱһ
ʵ˵ͷûǳ֣ǹµľ֣ĿģΪСʧ
ô


206 

ʼ˵һǳȫĵطֻǣǳż᲻Ҫչһ¡
ܱһүô۰ãΪԼȥչˣߣӽأ
ҵȻˡСȥ˺δһֱڲ飬Ҽңô᲻˷֣ɶһȺ˾ҹȥչСӲʡ˸ңСͲزסˡ˼ؿܱ˼ȥҲֻʺչˡ
ֻܱ˵Ӻүš
һ̨ͨͣһԺǰ
ܱӽ߽Ժ
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󣬵ȵ÷ţһƣһ¯ӣš
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ﳤõȷ
ȥֻܱԶԶСңమˡһ죬ܱԼҲؽӽС
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СܱڽһϴŻްЦ
ｿЦתˡ
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ʫЦҡҡͷһһ̫ƽ̸һ̸̫ƽҺҾɱϹֶ̫ƽûиĻشô
Զ죬ɫ١ѻ裬ºɫë
ʫǣ¶ΣյЦ

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Ϸ˵˵ͷҲšǣȴġ̫ŭ¡
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˵ǺȻֻѻһʱûзŸǿɳ֮Ϸ̾
̫ƽȻ뵽ˣ졣ڳԺѾͰ˹ѾҲѻˡ
ѻѵרЩѻеȴǻ£̫ƽ̫ˡǣѻôѱ˭أ
Ѿӳ֮󣬱ضƽܻ任ݣȥӺǶϷ˵
ǣ̫ƽûʱȻҲѱѻ˵Щѻǳĺð֣
ҲԸ𰸣
ôҪһ


207 СӺ

һٴ͵˹԰
˹԰¡
ߣժǷš
Ϥġּ΢΢һЦ
̫ƽҪˣЦݴ˶ʼɣСӺúõڹô࣬㲻ȥȴ㾿˼
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ҢЦܹȣǲŵõ˼ʱΡŮ·
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Ң˵ܹƺôϲ˵
ǵǣֻǲôϲ̸¡̫ƽд
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ҢͷΣҴһЩϣܹϲ˵ꡣóһ⡣
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ҢصЦЦǹ
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ףܹǴҹ㣬ιȻūιˡҢ˵
ǣҲ˼
ңϣܹһһΡ


208 Ӧ

̫ƽƲƲ죬дҪιʳҿū澴ӹȥġǣҾͲˡ
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̫ƽĿҢôʧ̾˿дҲգʵҺ¹
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Ң˵ȻˣҾͲǿˡ
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лܹҢһ˷ܡ
ٴ̫ƽҢѴ
СܵĴͬҲúܾ£СӣȫϺľԺһ䴦
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СҲǸɸɾģ׳ëҲͺڷ
ҢСڣһˣֱҪСڲҢ̫ƽĻ
СڹˣλǼҢ硣̫ƽСڵԴЦŴ˵
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̫ƽˣдĪĸҢ𣿡
ֻҪ㿴еģضǲ̫ҶģֻǡĿҢˣֻǻ֮ƣϷʵ̫ƽӦף֮󣬾ζʲô
ĸŮǳףµȻҪأŮûаͬϷ̫ƽд顣
˵̫ƽҢ⣬Ϊ֮ǰΡҢףܾأ
Ϸ˵ң⣬Ϊδûи
̫ƽдιҲûǰ֪ǣԣⷬҲȷǲִЩȴȷġ˵ˣҾϲŮӼἰأԣĸĸײ֪Ҳԭġ
Ϸüëô˵ϲȳӣ
̫ƽдȻȳӣ书ͬѰԸºͣƷԴʧΪһ䡣
˵̫ƽôо˵ⷬҲ죬ûжٻϲأоҪȴĳһϾȻŽѣ
̫ƽæдûУĸ׿ˡȻѾˣαػҪ캦أд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣģÿ˵ؾ֮£ҪŤ
ϿϷһۣϷ˵ȻѾôǱضף㡣
ЦʽףҲҪ׼һһˡ


209 

԰𻨿ã԰Ӷ㡣
̫ƽһӣһƬӣΪõǺɫ˿ߣЩأԶȥȴһζ䡣⻹һ·εε졣
ڹ£Ⱥš
̫ƽʱ֣ժһ𻨣ڱǼţװ
Щ𻨿ȥɹɣʳҩĶԡ
ûáص
̫ƽ̧ͷһװѥ¡ϴߡ
۾͸ž⣬ࡣ
ʲô£ػش𣬺̫ƽǷһծһ
ٵҲǸ˴³ɼʲá̫ƽ˵
װ䵭˭᣿̫ƽǿ
˿ѹ»˵ʲô˼ҪҳܶԲԣԼĿ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ôѻһأ
ԭ̽ûѻЦܹôȻѻȤˣ
ǶţѻǳԣҺʶһ£ɷԸ̫ƽ̽˵
ܹ֪ġǲ㿴ҵѻģҵ˵һսʿô˿ϵĵأϷһЦǣܹﲻҵĵˡҵİˡ
ϧ߶ǣ԰ҵѡ̫ƽ侲˵
˿еˣҲаˣƫƫûѣҴţ֡˵Ц
˵ѾǱѻ˾ˣҺ֪ǲ㡣̫ƽٸˣֱ˵ˡ
ѻ˲ֹһҵЩ¡һûȤ˵꣬ͷ̫ƽЦӪѾӪܹȤء
㡭̫ƽˣĺСһ޳ܣ
ܹᵽСӣСһǳҪˡЦѵҲ𣿡
ĺĶϣһϤ
ޱˡ̫ƽ̾˿Ȼ㲻Ըҿѻˡ
̫ƽߵʱ򣬺Ȼ˵㣬Ѿӵףҽɻ飬ҽΪӡСӵĻҰϲ¸ȻҵѣҲӦΪҸ˲ǡ
̫ƽ˵ˡ
๾Ŀˡ
ǣվԭأһ
紵
ʱѾЩˡ۾
ȴۣΪˡ
ҹĻ٣һɫ
Ȼž֮Уһϵ߱ѿѳƬ
¹ճСӵ
ֱСӣ
ֻǣȴڱ
ͷ紸ò֦ϣͷƤۡ
ǣ˿ܡ
֪˵һ䣺ⲻҪĽ𣿡
̫ƽϲ
Լ˵ϲҪ档
ԼƵ˱˻
̫ƽҪˣӦø
ҲҪΪ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ǣûУ
ֻиоȻࡣ˪Ƭˣ
Ϊʲôס
Ҳ̫ƽѾУѾҲ
ҲͰˣԼ֪ģ
ȻôںΪʲôҪأ
ȻһϤ
Сӻͷһ
ˡص˵ԭ
С̾˿ԲҲò
ûϵˡһжɵġҶ⡣һ¡Цˣܹ㻹Ҫ˵ʱأ
С˵ҪôҲܷûѡ񡣡
ˣԥԶˡָСӵ˵Ŀһ𣿡
Сûлش
ԣ˼ġ
ǣʵ̫ء
Ųˡ
ˣһڵʱĪ˵
ֻҪҸͺáһС촽˵
ôӦĻԼܸҸ𣿡ЦСӵļ򣬡ˣҸ
ԣԼҲ˵ҵݡһ̫ࡣС˵۾ڸסʹࡣ
˶ٻش
ֱ紵֦⡣̶Ķ
̫ƽˣܸоԣμζĺȻСȫغˡ
˭̫ƽɻš
˽ү顣
ʲôͷһˣ
˵ʲô£̫ƽһʰ߳ȥһдʵ


210 Ͼ

ϴЦүܸˡģү㣬ضΪ
Ըɡ̫ƽ뵽֮ǰһκ棬Ȼı޴ͷһЦ
񲻰ŮβΪ̫ƽҲԲǶ̫ƽ¡
飬̫ƽ֮䣬ǲڵġ
Ȼ̫ƽ֮Σ̫ƽΪ֪ϷҲ˵㿴ﵱһУޱĿܡɲԸңǻšںδ
ԭΪС檡
̫ƽдȻ׾ҴҲ޷һӱܵˣںδ
ӱܣ˼ǣڴӱңݷղ豭ֲͣóǴܴΪʲôѵҶΪҪӱң
̫ƽдνأ޿˵֮ǡ׶Աأδͬرס
ܣ˼˵СңնܣԲܣ
̫ƽдףʵ֪ô£ǣ㲻Ըš
Ȼתͷݺݵؿ̫ƽңСôһҵģ
ˡΪ̫ƽܾˡ
߳ŭҲҾͲҪŮ
̫ƽȻû뵽Ϊ˵ⷬ
Ϸ˹ˡ
̫ƽæ
Ϸ˵һأ˭ҰŮϳȥ
˵ĸףԲ𡣶ֻһʱļ
ļ㼱˭ǸӣϷߵλϣҲ£ֻһζؿЦˣ㾹ȻŮҪˣ
˵ĸףӶ˵ˡֻһʱļİ̫ƽϳȥֻΪ̫ƽţҵ
Ϸ˿ڲЦˣ̫ƽȥңûΪβƱȴԸ̫ƽȥͻ𣿡
̾˿ǣܼҵˣܼҵĹôҲҵɣ
ܱˣμĸףμ硣
ܵܣáܱ˵Ҫһ˵ԲԣǣϾȻûһ֧ң
ܱһܱǸմģȻһʣδⲻ飬ǲѾ֪ˡ
ǣϸһ¶֪úܣҪҵ֪Ѿܱһˣ˿˵Ȼ˵öԣѾ޹ˣôҲͷŮһôУǱ쳾ץߣɾˡպ󣬿ǻᱻ˵˵˾ɷĺ쳾Ůӣô𣡡
۾ܣ⸮ϣ˽ˣ
ܱ˵硣ܵܣҲ˽㣬˭˽㰡
Ϸ˵ĸף̫ƽĻ̫ƽһ°ɣҵضúý
Ϸ˿
̫ƽдףղţ˵ûɻǵã˵ûҵͺҶϾŮϵ
ͷ˵Ҳ˵ˣҲ
̫ƽд׻˵óⷬɼ׵ûŮŮӦףúѰҵôظ죬ͱȻҺ͸׶Ͼϵ֮գ
̫ƽ⻰дþϷ˾̫ƽɳ嶯
ĸŮԲǳ嶯Ҳ֪׸ưŮҵĴڣڸǶġȻˡҲǸŮԵʱˡ̫ƽ˵
գգۣϧЦ̫ƽ㲻ҪֻҪҵ׿϶õġ
Ϸ̾˿Ϳ㲻֪ʧȥĽʲôôȥһ죬Īģ
Ϸ̫ƽˡ
˼
ܱ˵磬̫ƽûòΪŮôôԸ˵أƽ常ûòҲͰˣ벻һˣֻ֪Ϸƨɼûа
ôһŭˣ̫ƽȻĻϧĸ̫ϲˣҲ̫ƽûа취
˴󹦣϶ԴҲΪʶʲôأǴ˵㣿ĸѸߣʱҪĹܼȨˡܱ˵أ޷ˡ


211 

϶үѾ̱ϳˣֻʣһˡ
˵ĸѸߣҪˡ
ܱ˵ĸϣǴûΣֻĸҲ߿֡
ܣ˵üǰ㲻֪ʲôĸ׶ҡ⸮йúѹѽһõϵʶɣܹĸ׸߿ҡȴƽԸˡͺһŴβĸ׿϶ĺӣ͸¶ˡ
ܱ˵磬Ȼ㡣ɣǻͻҹһȥμӣΪʫ䣬ϲˡ
Ūīһ飬Ҳѽܡ̾˿
Ǵ轣ոǿϿ˵ȻϲˡܱȰ
áܣܹϲңǱǶĹͣԵл˵
лʲô磬ˣǺֵܡ
ͷϷ˺̫ƽһ·Ҳһ·ġ
̫ƽдĸ常ø׵İŮҵ常Ҳȥҡ常ȥң׾ͺ߽常µ
Ϸ̾˿˵Ǽõģǣ㸸ǸϹģ
ĸҲҪΪŮȥˣʵǸӣҪĸġҪȻĸģ˵Ŀɾ常ˡ̫ƽд
Ϸ˵ͷ㸸׾Ȼ֪һ
ĸ֪ˡ
̫ƽջصԼԺ˵ˡ
̫ƽϽ˰뵽Լȥһѡ
ڣһԭľڵ룬Ϸ˼飬һ׾ĴǳǸûõģġҪϵǸ豭ӡõ²ϣҲõĺܡ
㴫żģϼֻȸȥǻӡ
̫ƽһɫӻ֯ӣ䴦ϵᣬһѼɫ˿ڴɫ¡һ˫۵׳ѥ˽
翴һۣɾȻкȲ衣
̫ƽ߹ȥվ
񡣡̫ƽ¡

ˮģ̫ƽ
˵磬Ҹݲɡڲһᣬǣٸʾ
̫ƽдҵҡ
ϸָӹˮ档дһּ֣Ҳ˾
˵֪Ϊʲôǻһˡ
̫ƽд
ô֪
̫ƽдʶˣָһ
ݣǣǣұ
ǣĸ׻̫ƽȻдڹ
ģ󾪡
̫ƽ̫ǳϧһҵıģң̫Ҳʶ
ҽռ̫ǳ
ˡ̫ƽҲô˻ᣬǰĸ
̫ƽϣڳֳԸⵣ˴Ρ
빬̫ƽе֪̫֮Ľ飬룬뵽Ψһ˾ֻˡ
ĸ֡ڱ߹ܿࡣ̫ƽд飬ʩȡ
۾ʪˡлЩֻûȥǡ
ģҿҪˡ̫Ҳǳ𾴵η̫̫󿪿ڡܻɡ̫ƽĿһࡣ
붼˵ʵȥҾĸϧû˰ңд⡣ֺξ֮У
̫ƽϲ⣬ڴ˴㣬ллˡܳ벻ɣлл
ӦллŶԡ̾˿ʵʵһŮӣǸŮӾĸףܹҡ
̫ƽû뵽Ȼô˽̫ƽ
ҲԼҲúðЦŽ˵֪ΪʲôܹҾ;÷ǳͶ·֪һ㣬ⲻСľ˵©죬ܹﲻҺͻɣ
ᡣԸֱʡҾܺãǼȻҪǺģ̹ϲ̫ƽд
лܹ⡣֪ûңôûǣҲǲˡ
̫ƽ̾˿д˵۾ִֻڿһƬҶ㽫Ƭ֡
һȰҷ£Ǻܶ飬ÿ鶼Էµˡ
ֻҪ룬ŲΪ㲻롣̫ƽһѪ
ܹ֪ΪҺãȻȰסңΪʵ


212 ת

Ȼ˼̫ƽȰ
һ־ΪħˣʲôȰסġ
̫ƽҲ⳾䣬ټ˳֮ˡ
ңģ̫ƽǰĸ÷ݯ
̫ƽҲЩεġ
ǣ̫ƽд߹Լҽμᣬ̸̫¡ټӰɻȻܳɡ
ӦˣǶ˽ʱص㲽裬ɢˡ
ʧߣǱסˡ
Ϸ˰̫ƽй̫ƽ㶮ҽ磬㸸һΰɡ
̫ƽͷӦõġ
Ժȡһʯ࣬ˮڻ֮󣬱㵹һϡ
Ѿһɴģʯĩˮʯĸˡ
̫ƽʯȻͱĸٺϣѩһ
̫ƽָ£Сѩһʱų
ѩȴ֮޽ѩװƿá
̵ȷȵĲˣѩͺܺá
̫ƽҩ¡
ıסˣһ͸Ŀ׶ûУ˯ʱֻͺ
̫ƽһβݣıһŪ
磡ʱо˶泩ˣͷˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ûãеȥˡ
̫ƽϽҩ¡ҩ̫ƽģвԶӣĶƱԨҩ
ҩ;ñûôˡ
ﻹһЩʳףпյʱţ̫ƽ˵
ã̫ƽˣұۺþˣʲôҩԹãһҩˡЦŽʳ׽˹
ϣΪʧߣ̫ƽһϸѬ㡣
ܿ죬ζɢˣÿ䶼Ѭζ
ˣҩ£ͿԺúõ˯һˡ̫ƽ΢Ц˵
΢΢ĵͷҩ֮󣬰ȥ
Ѭζܿ죬˯ˡ
Ѭ˳Ͱٺϡǰ˯ߡ
̫ƽȻ뿪ˣغš
գ̫ƽϷ˵佱̫ƽ
̫ƽĹϵʼͽ⡣̫ƽûҪ뿪ҹ֡
ҲӦˣ̫ƽ
̫ƽԼȥµҩǰ
룬ٵĸ׺ֳһѣ海ҩɻҲ˵õʱ򣬶æ
̫ƽǶдҩѾȶΪֵ⣬ٺҲкˡٿҩӣ˹ͬ
ٽЦūΪҩӱȻǿõģû뵽ҲùˡɼѩٿңҲǲ᲻ɹġ
޽ʼɫ̡
̫ƽҲܷޣӣԼȥѡ̡
ΪҪҩӣԺ϶ܴڶ̫ƽҲĳסȨ
̫ƽˣһÿҩճ֧˱ӶҪʱϽġԺʱÿϽһΡ
ȻлģҲò߶ӵġ
޵ÿ¸޵ҲǲٵģֻɵӲŻ᲻һ͵뿪أ
Ļ޵ڶߵöԶǿˣԺץҪġ
ˣӺҩӽޣ̫ƽһ㶼µġĻеġ
ҩӵ£̫ƽҪȥȴܱոͣ档
ֶŮʲôܱϸ۾ҩ˵
Ϊʲôҩ̫ƽдǳ򶨣常ȥôϻһ
˺÷̫ƽǼġ
һ
ܱæȥҳȥóԵĸϷ˳ԡҼҷ˵ġҴߺ𣿡
֣ʣ常ʲô̫ƽдİɣ常ͷմǲݣҲᱣܵġ
ܱһ̫ƽٺһЦΪܱȥ˸ŮŮҲ˹ɵذһ˵̫ƽֲ㸸ס˶顣ǶŮûôȤģ̫ġ
Ů˶ܱģӵȤˡ
ܱϲġǶľλ
̫ƽȻܱɢȥ̻˸
ֻǣ̫ƽ֣ܱղŵʵ۵úܡ
Ǿǲأ
ϲϴ÷İ
ղ̫ƽᵽʱܱĲȻ̫ƽ̾˿ģôܱѵˣ
ֻߣܱͼˣң֮ĹϵͬѰ


213 

̫ƽȻɣȷʵòһЩʵ֤﾿ȥˣ̫ƽ;еüĿˣҲԴܱ֡
֮ǰȻ̫ƽһֱڲ䣬Ϊʵãã˺ûͷ̫ƽҲҲ
ÿԴܱ֣ҲǺ¶
šϷ̫ƽȥ
ԭϷ˵ĳθֲˡ̫ƽȥ
ǣ̫ƽϷ˳һ̶
̶Խⶾܿ죬Ϸ˾öӲôˡ
Ȼȷǲ̶ԭ򣬵ǲ˾ʵ
Ϊ˹Ч̫ƽѾ׼ζӺ÷
ҩĶյģ԰ֹʹҲԸһЩ֢״
Ϸ˳˼÷ʱﶼЩˮˡҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ̫ƽζӼõҩҲ˹Ϸһһ롣ҩζҲģҲǺܿɿڡ
ϷˡȻ˵˵˵Ҫ
̫ƽһ
Ϸ˵˵Ҫض
̫ƽдǣǲǸնϾϵٲյңôܻأ
̫ӵĳ檣ҪҲܸܲȥϷ̾˿˵Ȼ˺ӣǳˡȻϲǣǿʼˡ
ʲôջĺӣ
ǵõոս̫ӺԺǳʽϸҪ˵ҪôˣȻֶûС
Ȼ󣬶Ϊ̫ʧͺնϾ˹ϵ
Ҳ澳ȻԽսԽ£Դս֮󣬲ôġ
û뵽վȻ޼ļγңԼˣ
ȻȢ̫ƽʱԺҲмңǣ̫ûӡ
ͲСˡֻһŮŮ
˷ǳӺԺŮ˵Ķӣϣܵһӡ
ǣ֪ʲôԭ̫£ûлУԺŮӺҲûлС
ǣվȻˡ
ղŽáȻˡ
ϾҪ붬ˣ붬֮Ǵڣʼ˵ɾ˫ϲš
ˣʮڣʽ̧ΪͬʱգһӦԴöȶղ
ңѾҲֱӲա
ǺѾ߲顣̫Ѿߣֲġ
ϾҲ̫յĶֽš
ѵһӵġ
ˣյͷȻҲǸ˵úܣҪصס죬ҫһڱ̫ƽҲпܵġ
̫ƽдϧҲܻӭˡҪμ߹ջᣬѾԼ˵ġ
Ϸ˵˵ͷ̫ƽ㻹ȱһܱȽϺá
̫ƽд߹Ůڻʹסա˵պվ뿪ˡ
ؼʱ̡̫ƽִ̫
һջˣִ׳£һ̥и̣ǿ̫ӵĺӡ
˭˭Ƕ̫ƽĲԡ
Ļ̫ƽѱʱ̣̫ƽ¶֡
ô̫Ӷͷʱڵգ޿֡
ԣ̫ƽܱܿͱܿ
ǡ̫ƽʹԼѾ뿪˶
ʱյĽҲոͣ˶Ĵ⡣
̫ƽΪ˱ܿաӺ뿪ġ
ΪҪôӱʲôѽĺ˵˸һܡǰɡƾʲôҫū澲ʰ
ɳ嶯ȻǲϾҪΪˣң̫ӵĺӡ̫ƽдƽʱô̹ģСҴı
лѡĺ˵
˵ĺҲֻǿղˣΪ˭֮ǰֳô˵£ӣҲǻᱻ̫ߵģ治֪յɪʲô
ѽպεº̫ӵĸأūҲ˵
޵ܣʤΪ˵ֻҪвŵ£ʤǲӦ˵̫ˣ½Դûġ̫ƽд
ǣԸǣū֪ˡūǶͷ
Ȼ̫ƽͽ˹߹ϲˡ
߹ڻʹ԰˺ü
ûʼأŮ̫ǾæµҪ
߹ȻǺܵûϳ谮ǣȴҲǹݸ߹ҲȻû˸Ӧµġ
Լûʱϯȴ˵Ϊ߹ᡣ
˵ˣһд㣬ӽ
̫ƽ쿴˭ˣ߹ȻЦӯӯ˵
̫ƽתһʱ󾪡


214 

̫ƽǲˣΪְġ
˵߹ξٰᣬĶǻԱŮӣְУǲԽġ
ǣְĹչְǾǰϵῪʼǰҪ뿪
ʱ仹Ǻܽȵġ
ǣ̫ƽְסˡº͵΢Цʱ䣬߹кܹþòˡ
̫ƽĮ˸
ְɨһۣЦܹôôöûҸˣҼҷ˿ˣУҵ誶Ҳ㡣
ְĵĶӴ誶Сİա
̫ƽ֣дȥǽְɣ
ܹǵÿ誶ǻϴԺͽˡְ˵ÿ춼ţҪ㡣ܲ
ֲĸףΪʫ㲻úչ誶̫ƽһȻ誶õ˻ʵ۵ϲˣԸʫʱκβġ
뵽֮ǰ誶ʱǽİգ誶С첲СȣݵúͣͰ͵ӣ̫ƽһ
ĺ誶
ֲֳܱ̫誶
ֻܸԶԶ
ʹ֪
ټ誶һΣԶԶҲá
İգҵСİաÿκ֣̫ƽᡣ
ƺǾ쵽̫ƽְЦܹ￴ǷǳϲСӰ
̫ƽ˵ͷд誶иģܹõϵʶ
˵ҲˡԴϴܹİ֮İվͳҪұİһϣŻ塣İջ飬¶˺ü壬ϴϲǾ˵ҪԸİմŵֻ֡İճԱΪ誶ְĸмؿ̫ƽҪܹ誶ܵõϵʶ
誶ԼгϢкɣֻǹȥ誶誶ˣβˣҲǼҷչ˲ܣ׵ƽҲܹܡ֡ϻ֪誶˲º롣̫ƽֵд
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218 

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ǣ̫ƽдȻǰ˹룬Ҳòֻǣǵ㣬˹ҪΪҲǡŴҵ棬ҲҪ˵
Ŀ̫ƽ˵˹̫ƽԼԼ
˭֪˹˵λǶˣ̫ƽ̫ƽȴ˵ûйڵŮӣ˵ҪҪѵ
ŷ˵ȻҪˣ
Ůаͽ˹ģźҪҪȻҪ
߹ˣбڣ˭۸̫ƽ
ǣ߹ĸĵλͲ˹ĸ


220 

磬ﲻܺ͹Ტۣ߹ܺͰ˹Ტһ
£߹ĹŮûУǣŰ˹Ѿʮˡ
ʮƽҲǰ˹ĸࡣ
߹̫ƽΥ˹ȣ㲻԰̫ƽģҪȻǽò󣬾̫Ҳġ˵Ůŷʢ˵˵ǹ߹ǡ
ŷ񻪺ŷýùϵݣŷ°Ű˹ŷȻҲǰŰ˹ˡ
ǰǰĹŮ͡
߹˵ɵԹ̫ƽ̫ƽҪưͶãҲֻܳԸưͿˡ
̫ƽһЦд߹Ҫ
Ҷ۸㣬ôܲأ߹˵ڣ̫ˣӺ˭ֹأ
̫ƽһЦΪûֹźáˣҲûϵ
߹ˣ˹Ȼǲͷˣĸ˵ǻȥ̫ƽ
ȺҪȥ̫ƽ˻֣дû˵ѽǰʲôˣҿĿõģԸ㣬ԸĻǹȻҪ˰ҡ
ЩǶͣ˹Ŀɿڴ벻̫ƽȻʾ̫ƽһֱҪ̧ܵҲ֪𣿲棡棡
̫ƽ˵ͣдҳ󻰿˵ǰͷҵĵ㼼ãΪҵ˵ǣɲҪңȶ˵ˡǰ˹ҵġ
ЩǶŰ˹֪Ҫôźá
̫ƽٺһЦû˵ҾͿʼѽǶҪԶһЩҪȻ˵ǣҲҪҡ
˹˵̫ƽȻҪ㣬Ҫһȣ㲻Ҷ࣬ҲҪܳͷϷ治棿Ҳң㲻ҲǲҵĻ
˹Ϊ˵ˣ̫ƽضŵƨµˡﻹȥأ
˭֪̫ƽֻһЦ˾ͷˮС
ǰ˹أ̫ƽдȻһϷôĹÿϷ˶Ҫء
˹˵ãˣ͹ڵϽһ裬ôˣҪڵѧС
̫ƽӦˣλɶж䶼ˡҼǵáϻأ˹ҲˣˣԸҵĿװȥ˹ҲǲԸأ
˹ŭ̫ƽ㲻ҪѪˣϻˣˣ
ҶЦˣΪ˹ϻˣ飬Ҷ֪
˹˫ֲʢ˵˵̫ƽ˵㻰˰ɣҸǣǰ̫ƽҪǶɱˣ
Ҳ˵ˣǱʼˡ
̫ƽذѵˮһˡ
˹ȴﶯȥģ󿴿ҿʱ򻹲ͷ˵ôûϹأǱ㡣
һԵŷЦԸϹĲǱأ
̫ƽȻͣžǵͲƫУŷµϡ
㡭ŷˣȥҪŹ̫ƽ߹סˣովǴӦģ̫ƽҲȣãǼȻ㣬ǣǲŹ̫ƽ
ѵҾҪװ״𣿡ŷ¸Լе
Ҳû취˭ȴӦġҪȻǿԹְ˹ǰ˹̫ƽ㣬ǡ߹Ҳѧˣ֪ô˵ˡ
̫ƽȻ˦˵͡Σֱֱŷ񻪵ϣ
ʱŷ񻪵ϣһ󳤳ĺۼ
㡭ŷŷǰˡ
ұ˶û취ԼŰɣŷ˵ߣ㲻һУȥ̫ƽ¡
ŷ˵ұˡôҲܾˡ̫ƽҸƴˡ
ŷ񻪳˹ȥ
̫ƽֻһŷһʱûпƵסԼĽţڹԡȻֱֱˤȥ
ͨһŷ񻪵˳
Ϊԣŷ񻪲Σաǣȥȫʪ͸ˣжǱˣ
ҹЦ
߹˵ŷ񻪡ôˣģҪȥϴ裿
㡭ǡŷ޿޲ǣֱսҲ
˹˲˵˶ˮͰˮ⽦ˣ㾹Ա
ŷ񻪿ȥʪ͸ˣû˷һ£ΪŪʪԼ·
߹ŷ񻪿ְŷ񻪷ùŮŷ񻪻·
ŷ񻪸мؿ߹һۣˡ
ʱȻ˹


221 ȳ

˹ΪģΪ˹̫ƽȻ˰㣡

˹һûе
ۿԼҪˣ˹ɲܾˣæأ˹ָָŷ£ҹ
ŷȥˣͷ˹ŷµĶ˵ȥץ㣬ŵҵ¨סһҪץ̫ƽġ
ʲôŷ¶ʱˣǣ˹ˮġ
ʲô䣿ôĵӡĻԲԣ˹ˡ
ŮңֻǣŮ֪кαҪŷ¿ɥ
ôûҪҪˣѵ㿴𣿡˹˵
ǣ˵õǵ˭࣬˭Ӯ˵ȥץҲ㡣ŷµ˵ЩڡΪʲôҪ治İ˹
˹Ӷˣ˶ʲô֮¨̫ƽ¨࣬ӮôġҾģ˵ץҲǵģ
˵Ķԣ˵Ķԡŷ²ٷʲôֻȹӣӲͷƤˮץ㡣
̫ƽŷˮ̲סЦˡ
ŷҵĺǲġ
ŷץסʲô㰡ˮŪʪ·޹
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˹ܻ˵ˣˣ
˹ҪˣƤˣ̫ƽЦдܹа㣬ôʣ˹¨мأ
˹˵ղȫسˣʲô𣿱û䡣պҲǵ㣬ʤһģƽˡ
߹˵ÿ˵Ц¨һ㶼ûУȴ˵Ѿسȥˣˣˡ
Ҳûˣء
˹˵Ϲÿûе㣬˵ܵˣǻʲô㣬ʲôأ̫ƽд
ǰǰشҶ׷׸̫ƽĻˣϾ˹ȡ˹ϴξһˣٴҾǺ°˹Ҳܾôָ¹Ϊ
˹˶˵ˣǡǶҪ췴˲ɣ
̫ӼݵȻˡ
˹˼ˣ̫Ӹ磬Ƕ۸ҡ
̫ƽڹŮæ
˵ղŷ飬ҶˣСˣĲԣϽܹǸ
ʲô̫Ӹ硣ҸǸ˹һ飬ˣܣ
۹һȻ̫ӸͲˣΪС˲Ǻá
̫Ӹ磬ô԰̫ƽ۸ң˹޵Ǹ滨ꡣ
˹ͷֻҪǸͻҵĺá
˹ض̫ƽ˵Բ𣿡ȥ
̾˿ܹСʢ㲻Ҫ⣬ͷҶú˵
̫ƽ˵ͷдЩˣ̫Ϣˡǡ
ܹΪÿҶҪ뿪ӱ𣿡һĿ¶ᡣ
̫ƽҡҡͷ
߹˵̫Ӹ磬̫ƽˣ˵¡
С˳⡣пյʲôأ̾˿Ҳգ̫ƽúϢ
ô˵棬󲻵͸¶Ŷ̫ƽĶйģȻֱ֣̫ƽ
మĽĹŮʼɲ˵Ҷڲ²̫ƽ֮ʵϵ
̫ƽʱʸ֮ģ˲õҶ˵̫ƽڹ̫ӣ̫ƽҲûȥʲô
ܶԽԽڣʱ֤һеġ̫ƽתˡ
̫ƽ̫ӸͰ˹ĺܹ֡ôʲôҲΪԼһأ֪֪һΪĺ̫أɲˡ·ϡ߹˵
̫ƽд»˵Ѿë߹֪ҲǾͿˡЩ޹ؽҪˣ²ȥɡ
ҲԣȻ㣬ģҲõġ߹̾Ȼ˺ܶ࣬СĵС͸ëЦˣšһǶҵġ
˵̫Ȼˣ̫ƽϾ͹ȥ
̫ڴϣ̡ԭЩµϣΪգǺ˲٣ֻɫЩ顣ǸˮһĨһȻ֮ͻᱻڰû
̫̫ƽˡŮս̫Ķԣ˵
̫ĵͷȻֱ۾
̫ƽִ̫Ķͷֻ̫Ķͷ̣֮ԽþԽ֡
̫ûбҲûпԣƺûʲô⣬ԽǰȴԽ̫ƽüͷ


222 ϲ

̫յ̫ˣ̫ƽѾšһë̫Ķͷϡ
ʱҪΡ̫ƽѾд
Ȼ̫ƽָ̫ҩ
ճõҩʯֻ̫࣬θֲ̫ãʯ̫̫ء
̫ƽͨѪƷ̫ϵȥ
̫ƽóִֵĶ룬̫ĶȻһ̫Ķ䣬Ѫ˳
̫ΪˡƽϢ
̫󣬻С̫ƽѪдѪ̫ճˣкҲή͡
ʮѨҲҪЩѪ̫ƽ룬̫˫ֵָʹĴָҲ˺üѪ
⼸ѪɫҪܶ࣬ƺ˺ܾá
⼸Ѫ̫֮ͷûôˡ
°ҾЩ̫һĨЦ
̫ƽҲǳĳ˿תȥ̫󿪷Ӱҩ
̫Ƿ纮ȣ̫ƽʯӼƣǽֹȵģʯȵģʲݵҩ
̫ƽҩһʱ̫£̫ҩ֮ϳһĺ̫˾ͺһ롣
̫ʹ͸̫ƽ̫֮ƽˡ
ڻʹ·ϣʯĦŽŵס̫ƽú
Ȼһúˣɴ֣ȥŻŵ̫ƽĺ档
ҪȥҪȥ˭
ΪʲôԵ˻ţȥһ
̫ƽץסµİѱǡæ˹ȥ
ҹĻ٣Ůƽ·
Ȼ
ǸˣȻŷ£
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ŷæ˵̫Ӹ磬㲻±ҽ㷢𣿡
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ŷ°ư͵ģ
̫ƽû뵽ǻ飬ס۾Ը⿴
תҪߣȻһ
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Ϊ˵õ̫ƽ̫ƽȻֻҪ췹ãͲ̫ƽӦ޸
Ȼ·ϵò̫ƽҪõ̫ƽ塣
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ǵӰĳһֻţʮ˻ӵͷϡ
ʮ˻Ӷʱ˹ȥ
ȻһҽУŷˡ
ʱѾˡ
ŷ·ֵ˵ǲˣ᲻ᱻ˷ˣôأ̫Ӹ磿
üëʲô㱻˷Σ㻹±̫ӲܹΪ㸺𣿡
ŷµͷˡ
˦ŷ£˼ȴûзӰ
ˣʮ˻Ӻ̫ƽأ
Լˡʮ˻Ӱ̫ƽŪȥȻܵôĴ̫ƽأ
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ȻƻѾգԼΪ
ǣ˵˵ˡŷ·󲻼ʱȻǷǳµģǡŷΪҪԣû뿪
ղšʮ˻Ӿ̫ƽˣСӡ
̫ƽһɫĳ£СǾޱһһصģ⣬ȴֺƯǾޱıϣ׺˼ֻվСӵǰ
԰£ֻţſ֦ϣҲûжһ¡Զ֦ϣֻͣ𿣬Ľȴ˿ûţע⡣
ֻڵϴܣȻͷ󣬵ʮ㣬һҪѶԷſµӡ
̫ƽһץסֻ󰡣
Ҫץ氡СҲȥҪץ󰡣
ǣ˫ð̫ƽϡ
̫ƽֻԼֱһ̡
ϣƿСӣһѺܲ
ܹԺҪѧһ㣬ҪҸһֱڸأ㲻ҪҾ㣬ҪС˵
̫ƽ˵ңһлġҼӳˣҪԶһ㣬Ҳ˵ᡣ
СӵһʹΪʲô̫ƽҪ


223 ױ

̫ƽ˵ҲʵͱһⲻҪĽΪʲôڻʹأ
̫ƽСû˵ʲôתҪߡ
С˵ôҹϲˣˣ죬ҪҪȥأȥúùϲһ£ͼױ
㲻ʲôˣ㲻ҪҼױҪԹһӭ㡣̫ƽԼԵ䵭һЩתˣߵô죬ͣס˽Ųͻһ
̫ƽһױġʶôãҾ͵һˡͼױûġ̫ƽıӰС
ȻЩ̫ƽûǣȻ̫ƽˣôأ
̫ƽãҢѾʵˣСҲˡǱͲʣǱͲܡ
̫ƽȻ飬Сȴ̫ƽΣա
ղšʮ˻ӺȻҪӺ̫ƽõĻķʽСӿˣҪ̫ƽѵһ
ǣСӻȥʱȴѾˣվԭصȴŷ¡
СһЦŷ»ɵȻ
뵽֮ǰŷҲ෬̫ƽСӾȶŷ֡
ôˣְײ֣
СӺȻɹȥŷ¸ˡ
Ȼ˺ŷµ·ˡ
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Сһ̾˿˵̫̫ƽûᾭ빬ˡ
Ϊʲô̫һѵ᲻
̫ƽѾҢϹ֣˼飬³̫֮ƽΪ˸Ͳܹ̫ˡС˵üëʶ
ȻСӺɵȥ˵¡
ǣֹסˡ
̫ˣЦܼҲûзųôС֪ˣ
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̫ЦҲǾʶˣ̫ƽףȷҪ͵ֻҲɹˣҲܹᣬҪҰοһ£
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С˵̫Ӣ
̫̾˿ֻǿϧˣ̫ƽôõˣԸ޸ҢǸȳ𣿡
С˵Ȼ̫ƽԸҵģȻһûзųϢ£ʮҲ˰ɣ
̫˵ǿϧˣ֮ǰԭţ̫ƽӵġˡ
СȻ󱻹Ů̫Ĵظ
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鱦ʤۻҡ
Сַ£Ǹַ¡
̫ƽõģǣȴ岻
ûôԥĶ˺һ޴˼
ڣˡ
ǵȥ̫ƽ˵ɡ
Сˡ
̫ƽصԼٶ̶ࡣ
̫ƽڣ̾˿дղŲмˡڻǾδȥǱ߿ſɹؽˣ⹬˿ࡣ
˵ŶؽˣҸĺɻŵģͷ˯
̫ƽŵ˵ͷϴȥ˯ˡ
ڶ߹ͼҴҵ߹˵ոշһˣ̫ƽ֪𣿡
̫ƽոմˡڳԷЦҡҡͷ
߹˵Ǹŷ£һͱ̫෢֣ѹڵأ˶Ƶ壬ɶˣŷҵѾӻȥˣ˵ŷ̲ס裬Ҫɱء
̫ƽĿһϬôôɣµˣСˡ
СӺŷԩ޳һΪ̫ƽȥݺŷµġ
ô˵ŷ¾£϶Ҫ޸ʼңǲܵˡ
ʼҪ棬ҪһˣŷǲǱݺġʼҲȥܡ
ʼҲȱϱ
߹ô£̫ƽд
ô϶ŷԼ߳ܡ߹˵ˡ̫ƽգҹ԰ɡ
̫ƽǸ߹ĴߡһջĵطȻһϼݵ
߹æ£ˣ


224 ѡ

̫ƽ󾪡
̫󣬼Ψûļʵۡ
Ҫʵۼˣ̫ƽġ
ϾϿɲࡣ
ң˵϶Զʱʱ׽͸
̫ƽϣ𣿡߹̫ƽ䣬˵ʡ̫ƽǸưͣ˵¡
̫ƽæ¹
ͷʲô顣ǣԽԽӴӰͽѥӣһѹȸС
̫ƽϴһ˻Ƶ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
߹˵ʣ˵̫ƽ𣿡
̫춼˵̫ƽҽθ߳ô᲻ǵãЦ̫ƽ̧ͷ
̫ƽдŮҡ
Ҫ̧̧˵
̫ƽֻ΢΢̧ͷ
ǡǶȣ߸վĻϣǿ塣
ǿԿ̫ƽÿĽ°ͣԿ̫ƽǸ˶
ȻϺȻָ̫ƽ°ϣȻǼǻۺòһ
̫ƽдϹˡϲǼǻۺӢһ
ЦȻ֪˵ѣǣ˻Ǻܸˡ޵Ļ̫˵
̫ƽЦˡ
˵ôõĹʼңνˮ̫ƽûУ
̫ƽдûѾ̸ĸҲɫ
磬޸ͻΣϾȻ̫ƽһξҪΪ̫ƽͻ飡
̫ƽΪѼˣ֪ӦӦ
Ӧһͻ󲻹أ
Ӧһأ
ӦͲӦ԰
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ƫƫҢڰ
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̫˵ͷ˵ĵʵֻ֮ǰҲʹӺӺ˵̫ƽлԼȻǿͷϵģ̫ƽͶسŵģǲԸԼء
ʲô̫ƽлԼΪ޲֪أʵһ
ΪԼֻǿͷԼ̫󻺻߹ȥ˵
˭һ˼أʵۺȤؿ̫ƽ
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˵Ҥ𣿡ʵüͷһ塣
϶ҷǳ⣬ԭȡǶԶҲǲġ
ΪܱԽԽܶڿ죬ʵ۲΢ԶЩøУҪѶ£ԼӪû뵽ȴ̫ûʵʧˡ
ǻʵۻ£ʲôأǻʵҪĶ󰡡
ǻʵ۲õ˵ȫ֪ϧˣôõĹҪ¼޸Ǹȳӣ²̫ʰɡ
̫ƽдѡֻƷУλߡ
ʵۿ̫ƽһ˵ô˵ܹҲˣ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ̫ƽϡ
СƺҲڴ̫ƽĿ⡣
̫ƽͷдڳŮСֻý֮ԣĸ֮ûʲôⲻģֻΪӦ˳ĸˡ
Ҳ˵̫ƽҢ޺øС
˵ĺܶѽʵ˵Ͽʲô顣
̫˵ˣҲʹˣ̫ƽ˰ɣ
Ȼԡĸ㡣ʵˡ
̫ƽ̧ͷ˿Сӡֵͷ
Сʲôû˵ֻǶ̫ƽЦЦȻ̫ˡ̫ƽŹȥ
̫˵̫ƽ԰кöֻҹȥȹһֻ۲衣ɺúˣǻɻ۲裿
̫ƽдŮһ㣬Ĳá»̫⡣
޷ĶҶģһ԰ɣ˳СҲһݣҲϲĶء̫˵
Сˣ̫ūŲû˵
̫˵ʲôأղ̫ƽѣѰ˹ȥΪ̫ƽΧ̫ƽ˭᲻֪أ
СЦܹɰ˭ϲһþͺˡ
ʲôã̫ƽһ


225 лл㰮

С˵ܸܹΪãҲʧΪһ׮¡
̫ƽ̧ͷؿСӡ
ǲ簧Ҽ֤ǽΪðɣ̫Ц
С˵ҵˡ֪ܹ˼
ԭС˵ô࣬Ϊã̫ƽЦһ¡
СӺοһҪٴδһأ̫ƽҡҡͷֻʹܡ
ǽΪãԺĲһˣȻ̫ƽҲûоҪСһ𡣿СӲҪָ̫ⷴƽǳ⡣
ͺһɴӲҪóء
ѲʹҲֻеܶ
ôܹﲻԸ𣿿ɫȻ԰ˣô岻𣿡̫̫ƽʵ
ǣ̫ƽĺʹҲ̲סľ˹ȥ
СҲƲˣ˹ȥͷס̫ƽôܹ
Ժ֮кСӵ࣬ů˴յϢ
ĺȴ籡
֪СôСӵĻǺȻЦˡ
ԭƾСôȻϲġ
̫˵Сӣ㿴ǳ̫ƽ
С˵̫Ұ̫ƽһ۰ιȥˣȻǵĵģ̫̫ҽΡ
̫˵ͷѾ̫ҽˣȰ̫ƽȥɡ벻̫ƽģȻͻȻιȥ˲ɵϲҺû̫ƽʼϱ
Ҫʼϱ˴ϻ۸߹󷽡һҪľǳ١
򲻿ȥ̫ô̡̫̾
Сӻһ̫˵ˣĸװ
벻̫Уȥ̫Ǹ֮ˣ̫Ȼһ鶼ûС
ôˣ̫һСӣôô֣
С˵ܽȽ䣬·ˡ
ȻСӰ̫ƽ
̫ҽˣ̫ƽȻ̫˵̫ƽûд󰭣ֻһʱѪģιȥ¾ͻ
̫˵ǾͺãԭΪ̫ƽʲôأȻö˶˵վž͸ιȥˣ˵ģ˭
̫ҽ˵ͨ΢áܹȷһֵĲֻ֢ƽ˷ֲ˰ˡ
⻰һСӸ̫󶼴һС˵ֻ㲻ɺ˵ɻܹף
΢ȻҺԡ̫ҽ̾˿ֻǣܹƺССϾ˺涾ޱȡ

СӴʧɫæֵݹȥ˵ô̫ҽΪһ¡Ͽк
̫̫ҽһΪСӻȻ˵Լûк
СʶԼ˵ȽðǾ˵ҲԼûбܹﴫȾˣΪոҰġ
̫ҽ˵ǧ겻ҪģǲᴫȾġ
С˵Ϊһ¡
̫˵ͷӰĿСӡ
̫ҽæС
ûС̫ҽ˵
ϸһСӽ˵
̫ҽ˵ûС
С㱵վ
ôˣСӣô̫ʵ
̫ҽʶȤˡ
С˵̫ūЩʣȸˡ
̫һյЦСӣŶŰҡҺܲϲ
ûССӵϣȴһ޿ӡ
̫˻֣°ɡġ̫ƽһúչ˵ġ
Сתˣûбֳκζ̫ƽ
԰һƬ壬ٻ˥ܡ
С̾˿һϮ£š
벻ϴ̫ƽԼⶾԭǰСϵĺƵԼϣСϵĺǽˡ̫ƽȴ˺
벻̫ƽΪ˾ô࣬Сȴһһ˺̫ƽģ뵽СӾʹˡ
ȻСҲԼǲѡǾóʹʹȻǲһġǻӵն飬̫ƽһ㣬Ҹ˼ˡԼҲһһظ𣬴ӶûмҾ֮ǡ
ǿ̫ƽĳСӾ;Լ̫ڲһЩôأСѾ޿ˡ
ôõŮӾǰץסȴòŸʲôأȴòš
̫ƽҲܿѹˣ̫̫ƽ۲衣
̫ƽȥ԰ɼۣҲԵȻСӡ
Сڻ·ӢĲۣͻԵݡ
̫ƽ̾˿ҪߣǣŲСӷ̫ƽ
̫ƽ֪ӱܲˣҲվŲ
Ŀԡ
СʵܹǸˣ޹ȥƽһ
벻Ȼ˵仰


226 

ܹôˣô˵СӵĿˮ̫ƽ
̫ƽסˡ
ˣҪٺС˵
ΪҪ̫۲裬̫ƽһ仨һ仨ؾϸѡȡʻۡ
ʱ۷ɹ̫ƽ̫ƽҲܲ˵ġ
һֱɵϡҹĻ٣Ǻ̫ƽȡɡ
Ȼ;˻۲衣ϸ̫󣬲д˯ǰһɰա̫׷ͯգҲǾȻ۲Եʡ
̫˵ͷһڣζѡȥСӽйһƷ
Сˡ
ûп̫ƽһڡ˵ȷζ̫Ӧöȣá
̫˵̫ƽúá
Сȴûиſ佱̫ƽ̫ƽԸ̫˼
̫ƽһû˼˸ڸˡ
Сӿ̫ƽıӰɫ䡣
̫΢΢һЦô㲻̫ƽ˵仰أԵôĵ뿪Ĳˡ
Сȴ˵һ£ŷ±ŷͽˡ
̫һŷҿµְȥŷ¿ŷҵϵġ˵򵹾ʹˡ
ŷһǳʵңûһŮǶȻϵġСЦǽ۸һ㶼֣Ҳֻŷ̫ˣ˼ֶ
ǣһֱú֣Ϊʲôģŷ»·ѹһ˭·ѵģûͬıأֵ̫
С˵ȻͬˣūŹƣһ˰Լ
̫ЦСӣ뵽һȥˣҲôΪģǾ˭أŷ¶Լأ
̫ūž˰ŷԼǲҪġһŷǵˡΪֻŷǵ˲ţܹŷԪԼóŷ˵ġСӷ
ǵˣŷȨ˭ܹŷԼĳأ̫Ȼ뵽һˣгѵ󣿡
С˵ֻ̫ɲ˵ҪʵˣϾ̫ӡ΢е紵ݶӰĿ𢰡
̫˵ȥ飬̫֮λͲҪҪˣ˰ܻʼô̫أ
Сӵͷ΢΢һЦŵĿ˵⣬ա
СӾҪ̫ϰ
̫󣬲ʧΪơ
ʱǣ߹Ȼˡ̫ҽζá
ǣ̫ƽȥΡ
߹ڴϣɫήơ
ޣѶݸҡ̫ƽЩٵ˵
õġϾͺá޶ܿ죬һתͰðĶ
رȫֻ˲һζҩǹЧҲ
̫ƽ߹¶֮󣬱㿪ʼ߹ڵ
ֻܼõģҪΣҪĵС
ޣҡ̫ƽ߹ıϣһָֻ߹
Ǻģһʵ֤֢ò淨
̫ƽ̽߹ѪѨ͹ԪѨ
ѪѨΪѪ֮ѪǸҪѨλԪѨڲνѪУѪĵҲǷǳҪѨλ
̫ƽַܺã̫ƽǳ۾һ㣬ǳͣٵ߹ڡ߹һҲۡ
Сô룬Ȼһ㶼ۡվһԡ˵
ƽϰֻҪԸ¿๦ҲԵġ̫ƽЦ˵
šһúùġĵ˵ͷ
Ϊ߹Ƚ̫ƽû̫룬ԼһӡͰ붼
ޣѰù̫ƽ˵
Ⱜݲ飬Чԡ
̫ƽȼ֮󡣲ȸľĵķơ
С㣬ΪʲôҪһֱȥЩʵ
ȸľģ˼壬ȸһϵĵͷʳͨİַҪһЩ
ַͬƵЧҲһȸľģǲЧõһ̫֡ƽĵĽ
ŶԭƶǶĵͷ
һʱƣƺһ߹
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ޣȥ׼ɣӵС׽ȥ̫ƽԸ
ҩʳ̫ƽҲ
һ޽С׺˹
߹ιɡ̫ƽ˵
˵̫֮ƽתȥˡ
߹С׺֮󣬱˯ˡ
߹ѹʱһڵҩѾϡ


227 ϼݵ

ҩ̫ƽרŸ߹ķӡ
еΣΣɽҩͺȣǽƢθġ
̫ƽ߹ҩ£Ȼֿʼ߹ơ
̫ƽ߹ɺãó߹ĶϽơ
Ϊ֮ǰȹҩЧԺܶࡣ
̵ĽУ߹Ծй߹ָ֮бǿˣеǿЧҲԵļǿ
ޡѰù̫ƽ߹Ȼ󽫰ŪСΣβϡ
Űĵȼ߹ڣ߹Ըоڽı
̫ƽļε֮߹ɫָ˵
θҲ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ֻ̫ƽȻ߹嵭ʳΪҩǱȽ϶ģ̫ĶӰҩЧ
ΪܹĻָ߹Ҳȫ̫ƽҪȥء
Щҩ֮⣬̫ƽ߹׼һЩҩţ˺ܶӺ͹ԲƢθѪ
߹ԭôҩţҩζ߹ϲ̲סÿ춼Ҫԣ֪䣬˶˲١
߹֮ǰ̫ˣε֮˿˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ߹̫ƽ˵̫ƽ˵¡ŷѾ͵֣ŷ͹ȥġŷⱲǻˡ
̫ƽдϧˣµʼٸȴûеõͷ
˵˹𣿡߹̾˿˹ôȴúõġ
̫ƽдúչԼ壬Ҫġ
֪ˡ̫ƽ
ҹ̫ƽԼķ䴰̨ǰϹ¼ŵ
Ȼˡ
þòˣ̫ƽݹȥһ裬ȻԶⱭ裬ϣЦɡ
˵ܹȻǹ㲻Ҫ޸Ңġ
̫ƽЦ벻ҲϣҼ޸һҵӡ
˵ûӰܹǣܹﲢ̸Ҹأ
鶼ദġ̫ƽ˵ӾȹңǸҺʵˣҲԶ޸ңҸ
̾˿
̫ƽļ˵̾˶ҪʵġϣҲҵʺǸŮӡ
ͷҡһ硭ңɱôиأ
ɱ־ͲɱҲӦи顣̫ƽ˵
˵Ҳ˵öԣǣûô£ϲǸˣδҲϲ㡣
ûиô֪ܣ̫ƽЦ
ЦĺܸȾˣͱظȾˣܹʱ򣬱һ˲Ҹġͱ硣ϲǸŮӾܹ㣬ѵܹͻһ𣿡
⻰ʵѾڱˡ
̫ƽɵӣѾһС
ǸԵˣȻıףá硱֣Ѿһж˵ˡ
̫ƽⶼҲǰ׻ˡ
벻ϲԼ̫ƽһʱ֪λشˡ
ʵڸ飬̫ƽǱһų֮ġ
ǰ˺̫ƽǲڸơ
ܹ˵˰ɣҲûõģرΡЦһ¡ȥˡ
ڶ죬̫ʹٵϢ
̫ƽȻȱϯǴ˼ϲ·
һ˿ʾбӣһԺᣬ·°ڴһȦɫİߣ°һƽ廨ȹ
һƬﻨ㣬Ϫˮ˶˵ƺڳ衣Ϫˮһֻȥǿĵӡ
Ȼϼݵ˽ס̫޹
̫ƽͱŮһϵǲɢϯ
̫ƽ뿪ǰСӻ̫ߡ
ε·ͻȻ̫ƽҲûһͷ
̫ĵգٹͬôף̫գȴ˰Χ̫޹˶ǲɢˣϾҪʲôأ
Ҫץ̫̫ҲһʱƽΪʲôҪô󳼵棬Ҫѡһʱأ
Ͼʲô
Сأôˣ
̫ƽǣ˹Ҫ̫ƽ뿪ʹ
ҲΪܹ룬ϾܹҲĸָδϱǹŮ˵
Ҷлնл̫ƽдȻʰѾ뿪˻ʹ
๾ǰѹŵ档
ʱǾҹ
̫ƽƿȥʹĺɫŽţܶûǵĲ񷣬ֻƶܲš
˵ѹָС
Ȼһ̫ƽǰһһ֪ʱѾס̫ƽ


228 Ϯ

˭أ̫ƽ֡
ǣϴϤ
ܹˡʱھҹ
ң̫ƽƿӣ濴Ң
ֻҢһ£ޱȣ¹ﻺһ
̫ƽվסˣҢ򻺻̫ƽ
˵ʹ﷢һЩ£Ҿǰˡ˳ŻʹҡûӺܹҢϵ˵һƬ
̫ƽЦдл㣬ӡǡû¡ֻǻϰΧ̫󣬲ûзʲô¡
ǣҲİܹϾҪ㶩ˣܵһί
̫ƽ˵ͷ
˵ӡū澶죬ûʱΪҹôڡȥ·ôʱܳġӦùǹҪȻϸ˿ɡ
䣬Ȼ˼ˣΧסǡ
̫ƽ˵ѻ졣
ƲƲ죬պūٲ˵ˡ
ǽ춼պ󣡡Ⱥ˵
˭ΪʲôҪɱǣҢɫ
˭ǵȻ˼ҵӣɱǵġǺЦ̫ƽҪɱľ㡣
̫ƽЦȻǳġ
鼱֮У̫ƽҲ˲ԼѾư͵ˣſھ˵ӣ߰ɣǳģûйϵ٣Ҳ߰ɡǾǲġҲֻǰװˡ
˵˵ʲôأū澱Ҫ˵ġȻʲôأ
Ң̫ƽ˵ˣ˼ˣҲûʱȥ˵Ļֻս̫ƽ˵ܹ㲻Ҫ£һᱣġҲ뿪㡣
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һܲˡ
˳
ҢȻϣ˫һεİ֣Ͼͷɳѱ
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̫ƽ䵽ٵļϣѪ˳
СߣߡƴҪȥ̫ƽ
ʱɹһˣڵٴ֮ǰһѰٱ
һ
ʱˣøˣ㱧ţˣҲˡ
˵˵㲻ǵġ
ţȻϷ书Ǹǿ̫ƽûпһָһˣЩ˶׷׵˵ϡ
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ܹּ棬Ҿ㣬ǷһˡЦ
̫ƽȴ书ж˵ʲô㲻Сӡ
ˣҾ˵
书Сӵһģһ
ŶѵܹҲ书𣿡
Ҳ书Ҷŵ˵ֻҪ˲ܹŵ̫ƽɫ䰵
ôҵĹСһҾ𣿡Ц
㲻书һҲһôƵˣû´ĻСӡ˵ţ̫ƽȻȻѸٵذСӱϵ
ʱЦˣԣӦ˵СЦˡ
̫ƽСӾЦ˵˰ɣСӡ
˵ˣ˵˰ɣ㻹ܹġ
̫ƽԭ֪ȴҡ
˵ܹ˲˵
СӹЦ˵ܹѩұͲ㡣ǣϾûСӣСӣҲСӺôʲôأ
Ҳ֪⻰ʲô˼̫ƽֻСԽԽѶˡ
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̫ƽ˵ô˵ңһûлл㡣
СӿһۣϵҢЦҲȹң͵һһˡδҾͲˡ
ʱ̫ƽ뵽ղΪƴƴҢ


229 ɱ

ʱΪˣҢŴصĺ
̫ƽæ߹ȥôˣӣ
Ң˵û£ܹ￴ôңϣԼһΡ
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̫ƽ˵ʱСѾ͵͵뿪ˣ̫ƽعѾ֣СӵıӰɫ¹ӶƳһҡ
ҹеʹ
˵ܹʲô£ڿȥˣһͣ˵ġ
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ҹƻҲֻŻŻ̫Լ̫ӪˣҪ̫һϢȿ˶ɢˣ˶»ϲõ˼Ȼǲģ˵ˣҲץǴ󳼡
Ϸ˵˵ͷ̫ƽĻǶԵġǻΪʲôҪأ̫֪Щʲôأ
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һҹ̫ƽ˺ܶµΣʱ컹û
̫ƽ̾˿ʵ빬̫ǸԼáڿҪʱ̫߹ֵ飬Ȼ̫ƽһɿ
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óȻ̫Ļɡ
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Ϸ˵Ȼ£Щ̿ΪʲôҪΪؿƿأҹƣǲǵ˻ʲôѱϣ
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ŵϷ˵˵ͷֻһȥǲĵģһЩ̿أ
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Ϸ˵㣬ȻǷĵģֻǣҪЩ
̫ƽٸʱҪʦү
ʦү
̫ƽɴд˵Щ̿ͷ϶Ĩ˾綾ôʲôĶأȻͷĨΪʲôĨʱǲһҪҧʱأ
ʦү˵Ҳһֱ⣬ǲ⡣
ʲô𣿡̫ƽʡ
ʦүҡҡͷ˭ң
˭ͷ˵أ̫ƽʡ
ʦүһͷ˵ģ˵


230 

̫ƽд¹ش󣬻ץס˺úһ
ʦүǹȥûþͻ˵Ǹˡ
Ȼˡ̫ƽĿϬȺ̿ͲɱģǱɱġЦǣʱϢͷϷ˶ҩôΪҧԾ
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̫ƽдͷСʲôϽǶǶ棬ҲһЩ
ǣܹӢ
̫ƽȥ󣬾˵Ң
Ң̫ƽƵˡ
ϷҲڡָҢЦôõļҲǣҲǡ
Ң̫ƽ̫ƽɫ㣬ܼһ棬ȻҲǲġ
ϷЦ̫ƽһڱǲöһڣǾ˹顣
̫ƽдһоϷ˶ᡣ
ҢȻЦôȻȥҸٸҸԹϷ̶ڡ
Ϸ˵˵ͷģˣߺá
ҢˣϷ̫ƽЦ̫ƽҪˣ߲˺ߣ
̫ƽдĸûȡЦҡ
֮ǰֻŮˮŷӶ˻飬˵ŮˣŮ飬˵ȥġ
ǣû뵽һӺȴˡ
ϷӭӺӺֻһյ裬ӺͿˣ˵̫ƽܾˣǶôģΪβȱͺҢ̸£
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ʲôûУǿ̫ƽͻСԡһЩ˭֪ôļҪδӺˣʹ𣿡Ӻɫ
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ӺǺɫģǶϷˣûжŭأȻΪ̫ƽôĻӺôˣ
ϷЩ˵룬ѵӺİ̫ƽˣ
ֻ֮ǰһֱ˵ĻӺȷڲ̫˰ɣ
ӺˡǺңҪȷˡϷ˵
СӺŭͺڡƸ񶼴ˣͣء
ϷһӺѵģҪɣһˣҢ˵ˣ˵㻰أ
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ϷЦӺɱٿЦˡϷ˴ôŪ䣬ƹȥ
˭֪ӺȻˣ
˭ǿЦˣ˭û¿ЦôԸ̫ƽ޸ԲԣƸ񲻹ࣿӺ˵ֻǴ˲ƸֻǶСջֵǵƸʱĶ飬Ƿİɱ̫ƽġ
ʱϼæܹĸף⣬ͣ˰˴󳵵ӣ˵Ӻ̫ƽƸ񣡰ǶΧأǺã
Ӻ˲豭Ӹ˸ĭЦʲôôҶ֪̫ƽ飬ûʲô
Ϸ˵Ķͷֻð亹Ӻһ֣´Ҷᴫȥ̫ƽӺϵˣöã֮ǰǱҲһ֪ˡ
ʱһ᲻˵ء
ϾǸҹǺӺĿŵӰ
ң˭֪һ᲻̫ƽӺ˽½飬˿̫ƽأ
ߣҾ̫ƽã̫ƽҵţҲῴ̫ƽ̫ƽպɾͿˡ
ˣһѧʣǼ޹ȥͿԵġ
ϲͿԣҪ˵ĸĸϲ
Ϸ˻һˣȻ׵ġ
£Ϸ˾ͰӺһȥй˵Ǹ˼ңӱ£һǣ̫ƽĸĸ׹ˡ
ˡ
һӺҪȢ̫ƽвԸġ
ҢǸεģԭͲԸ⣬úûӡ⿡ʵġձȨӺף˵أﻹܾ
ϣʲôϷ˺ģϱҲ̫ƽĺ衣Ҳ˼˵ʲô
һ˵ˣԺ󷴶ᱻ̫ƽԹءԣҲӦˡ
Ӻ˵Ȼˣ͵ǴӦˡ죬ٹ󶩵ڡ
ǡ
ǣ̫ƽȻˡ
Ϸ˲˼˵̫ƽӺ˼㶼֪˰ɣ
̫ƽûлشĿƵؿӺӺȴҺ̫ƽӡ
̫ƽдҺҢѾ˵ˡӺΪҪأ֮ǰǵ̫棬˵ѵӺϲ


231 ϲ

ӺһȻû뵽ҪܾģȻ̫ƽ
˵̫ƽ񡣡
ϷҲ̫ƽ˵̫ƽӺ˴֣ҢĸĸȻ£ҢѾǲܵˡȻӺģʹɡ
̫ƽдĸ˵ÿģѵĸѾˣոպ˵ϲûзӻΪ˾ҶˣĸˣȲ˵ǳԶšǶӣҲȻġ
Ϸ̾˿ǣһûк㶩ˣҲ͹ҢΪҪһ
̫ƽҡҡͷдȻˣǣϲûκβ±Ӧ¡ѵӺҴҵģǶԵ𣿡
Ϸ˵ͷ
̫ƽ˵̫ƽϲҢǡֻǾҢܺãԣ޸
仰̫ƽסˡ
̫ƽϲҢ𣿲֪ܣôøаɡ֮ˡ
ʵǲĻӺҲʰЦӺȻ̫ͻ˵㣬Ȼ˰˴Ƹ񣬾Ȼ˵ֻСҲǺ¡ˡ
Ϸֲ˵̫ƽĸǹˣⷽо顣ŮվҪ޸һõӣӺȻƸô󷽣㲻ҲܣͷİɡߣҢиĸ޸ң㲻Ҫ๫ϲ㻹Ҫֹŵϲ鷳ءǼ޸ӺԼļоȨġĸ׾ǵϣԼһˣӺĸѾͲҪϱ֮ìˣգ
̫ƽ̾˿ôһоĸ
ϷǶ˵ͷ
æӺЦҵδŮߣһȥһ
Ӻ̫ƽһۣ˵ͷ
̫ƽصԼķգ̾˿
Ҳһ̣̫ƽҢ
һΡƬʹ㱻ѻҧҢ
ڶΣһһεֻΪڳϿˣʱôŮӶ裬ȴһ۾϶õŮӡ
ΣҪȥΰգҲЩ᲻ᴫȾ棬ܶࡣ
ĴΣܹ˵ҪһιһֻСʱ̫ˣڲ뵽ʵֻǰֳ˺
кܶ࣬ܶ࣬վҪˡ
֪֪֮ô
ǣ̫ƽժ˼仨ѻһƬһƬ˺飬˳ȥ
ڿз裬̫ƽ˵Բӣϣҡ
ڶ죬ڳ֮ǰյ϶˵š
Ң֪ˡϷѾ̫ƽӺ
ȻϷҲˣΣǣҢ⡣
Ϊʲô˵øǵģʲôУҪȥϷˣʸҢ˵Ҫߡ
ʱӺһŶڡ
ҢϷΪɫӺ˵޷
ʱ̫ƽҲ֪ˣҲҴ
Ңһ̫ƽ͸ۿˣܹȻ֪䲻㣬ǵӦҵ֮ϲΪʲôȻֱʣ
̫ƽдӣ͵Ե޷ְɣлĴ
Ϸ˵ӡӺȷǺͶ̫ƽϲ֮顣˵ˣʹæƸǲӦҲ׵
ҢȻö׵ֵ⣬ЦӺûʼҹΪҪһŮӣȻ̫ƽȣٳûףףѾ˵áȴᵶᰮʲô
Ӻ˵Ǿñ̫ˣҲ簡Ϊ첻ܹﶨףƫҪأȻѾסڹǺᵶᰮɡ
֮ҲţҲšҢܹʲôԣңֻҪܸһҲһм衣
̫ƽ̾˿дӣûпԣ±Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԡȻҸĸѾӦˣҲ롣ӣ͵ҶԲ㣬ȥɣҹȥһжˣúõع
Ңʧɫܹ뷨Ĵûϲ𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷд㣬ӺҴûϲԸ޸еһֻΪĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ҢһѪ


232 

Ңˡ
Ϸæ˰Ң˷
̫ƽҪΣȴϷ˸סˡ
̫ƽ֪һƬģǼֻӳˣ㻹ȱһܰɣ̫ҽѾ·ˣ¾͹ˣҲʲô¡Ϸ˵
̫ƽ˵ͷдŮĸġֻǣô˵ӶҶʲôʵεĺܣȥΪһ˰ɡ
ǣ̫ƽȥ˳
ʵҲѧġ
ҢϲϺϺǳӪ̫ƽ;һϺ⡣
ϺϴɾȻŽȥ
ʻϺһһģҪѹǸƷˡ
Ϊζˮٷ˼Ƭټ˵Ͼơ
Ϻյȫͨʱ򣬾ͿԳˡ
֮ϺȥǡϺͷûʲôӪҲӵˡ
ʱˮ˹㣬ˣһֱڽءӺš
̫ƽ̾˿дҸҲ֪Ҫôѡźá
褺㴩һƾװ洩տɫĶ£ϵϬǴһ˫ɫƤѥˣ̫ƽ㣬ǹϲˡ
褺ܵܣ㲻̫ôܻˣ̫ƽһ
֪Ӻϲ£ôܲ褺Ѿ˲٣飬Ůкô
̫ƽҡҡͷ벻㶼˵ˡκң»ύ񡣡
㣬ӲС֮ˡԷġةҲġ褺ЦʵҲةߣѧ˲ء
̫ƽ̾˿Ըɡ
ӺصʹһǰСԼ˳
԰̶ġ
СȻ̫࣬ȴ˸߹Ļʼ·һɫխֱֳŽɫƹߡһɫһīɫԲ׹֮ס
֪ΪκȻ̫ƽ𣿡Ӻ˵Ŀ͸⡣
ŮӺϡСĵ˵̫ƽ޸˭ģذѰӷһ
ӺҡҡͷסСӵ֣㿴ҵ۾̫ƽѾҶˣĲ⣿
СЦӺѵҪ׿˵ϲ㣬Ż𣿱ϣӺӭȢ̫ƽҵ˼𣿡
Ӻ˵̫ƽףΪ㰡Сӡ
СЦαأ
̫ƽף̫ƽͻΪҢʱһʹ֡ϣڰӺ˵̫ƽסȻ͵̫ƽһ𡣡
СӹЦ
㲻Ը𣿡ӺһҲ취̫ƽãǣҴΨһĶӣҲʹһӡ
ǣ̫ƽѵûѡȨô̫ƽʵǲƽСӿЦ˵ˣԶܳʲôݣѵ㲻֪𣿡
Σ̫ƽǲܼ޸ˡҪҲãҪҲգˡӺЦҪټˡ
С̧ͷź嫵ǿգ̾˿
ԺջѾлˡ̫ƽ˵ҢѾöˣ뿪ȥٸ
ͷʦүûʲôͱҪٲˡ
̫ƽдǴΪβüȥ
ʦү˵ܹϢŭȻŷҵˡ
̫ƽһдҹȥͻɱˣû뵽Ȼǡ
ʦү̾˿ŷίʵܹŹһأǴСܶɴñ
̫ƽдȺӲܼΪĴ󳼡ʵǲҪⶥɴñˣҪҲõģǶİˣ԰գҲǷµġ
̫ƽˡ
Ȼûòȥǣ̫ƽѾˡ
ֻǡ֪־ŷңȴûа취֮ڷ̫ƽδⲻʧ⡣
ǣ̫ƽ뵽ȻҲСӡ
С֮ǰٰһֱŷǱŷȺġ
ŷһǳ
һµĲǹǰ
һŷεͱŷһģΪŷҸȥ
ԣ̫ƽȻҪ˵СӶԸŷҡ
ǣ빬ôҵСأ
ǳСȻū澹˵߹ˡ
̫ƽһϲһȻأд߹Ҫ̫ƽͽңϻӦˣ
̫ƽ߹ø˺ܶడ
ܼС
ֻǣϺ̫֮䣬ʲôأ


233 زȥ

ʹ
һϣŲϵ̫ǳӡ
ǴΣ̫ٳȴͻȻΧϮȺɢȥ̫ʵ֮һĶԻ
̫ʻʵΪʲôҪô֪֪̫ٳգ̫أ
ǣ˵Ϊʲô̫ҪѾ֣Ѿʧ֮ձȨҲڻˣ˵Ѿ塣
ĸ֪֪ҪԸǵĴĳ㺦Ŀĳİգʱսҡ̫ס˵
ʶ˵Ŀϰ̫Цǣ˭֪֮ǰɢȨңǸһֱĹңнյĺߡѾˣҴƾоݵġӷͬֺοһ󳼵Ů
ϡգ̫³һѪϲŲ
ǣҲڣ̫ԴĽ
üë壬Ŵϵݲ԰׵̫գգ۾˭Ͼڲں̫ûΪ̫Ĳ鵣ġ
ȻСӹˣūżǧꡣ
˵ʲôԴ̫̫֮һƵģ޷ǳڻʲô
СӲ˵ϣū԰ҩ̫ι£̫ūŲū̫֮ʱȥأ
ҩϣ޻ȥι̫ģ̫޵ĸףĸףˡ˵ϾȻ¶˶ʼɡ
С˵򣬲ūŲϰҩϡҩҪһǽζҲ壬еζ̫Żȣֻ»ϵζ̫Ŀζ̫Ȳϰߡ
ϴŭİ˵̫᲻ϰޣϰҪȡ𣿡
Сɷǳ򶨣ūŲҡ
ʱ̫Ȼѹˡ΢˵ϣԩСӣСһֱ԰Һܺãܺá
ĸСӱ޻𣿡ŭδϢСӣ۾ﶼɱ
ȻȲϻϣϣǰҵĶӡ̫ʵǣȴСӶ԰Һá
˵̫㾿ҪôãһֱڸȨѾˣ㻹ǲ𣿡
̫
С˵Ϣŭ̫˼
ޱ졣û๵ĵط˵
̫˵Сӣ
СӦһǡǰ̫ã̫󱳴˸ͷ
ģȷ϶ȲСܵ
̫˵ϣֻһ䣬֪ŷ³죬Ǻ˭Լ᣿
˵ǻڲȽϸӣҲȽ֣޻֪ࡣ
ŷԼ˵ˣ󡣡̫Ȼ˵ȥŷˣú죬Լ
ʲôһ
Ϻ񲢲Եöô̫֡Ц
˵Ȼˡ̫ഺ̫ãǺɫһЩҲûйϵġ˴ŵġ
̫ҡҡͷϣ̫ŷ£ӭȢǣȴ͵͵˵ķ㲻ÿЦõ̫ӵ£飬ȴɱǰ̫ӣԶˣ
һᵽǰ̫ӣϾˣȻŭ̫֪һֱްǰ̫ԣ˵Ļ
ĺãǰ˵ͿԱ仵ġһ˵ɧ̫ƽ̫̾Ϣҡҡͷʵǣûһ̫ӵķȰ
˵Īǣ̫޵۹⣿
̫Цϡ˽Լŷ£ŷ¹ڲɵڵϣһֱű˷֡úúͲã
˵ˣ޻ú÷ǣ̫ˡ
̫˵ϡȥ飬ҪȻͲ鲻ˡ
϶ҩڡ̫ιҩ̫ˣٿ°ɡ
⻰䣬̫˵ҳҩҪǵġ
Լǡĩ׷ûĿҲ˲ãСʱ̫Ҳǣιϳҩ
ʱ򣬻ǶµĺӣĸТӣ˳ޣڣ㾡ĸӳɳΪģǶȡһȨ
ҩ˹̫һڣҡҡͷüͷҺȲ߻ŵǣζ̫ˡСɡ
ɫʱתڣ̫㡭ǣȫ˻ȥصİҩһţҩϣѺ̴ľӶȾˡ
ŻϷȥС˵̫ɡ


234 ȸ

СӾǲһǶҵҩǳ̫ϲ
̫Сӵ˵СӣֻǺͻϳһܣΪξͻͷ۵Сӣ߰ңϻ᲻¶أ
Сҡҡͷ̫ūŲ֪
̫ɬ˵ǰ⣬벻ضԴңҲˡ
С˵̫㲻˵Ļ˭
̫̾˿˵֪ܶ˶ϣ
̫ӦúúûšС˵
С˵̫ƽİֻǲ֪ʱŵ̫̾˿ĺܿա̫ƽϻۡҽֺãð»
СĬȻˡ
ʱ̫ƽѾʰˡ
٣ⱾȥɣеʱҿԷ̫ƽдѣϷ˸ҵҲһϣʵϲʽ
ѾæҵذѶ̧
̫ƽһ߽߰£ϴŲɫĻͼһѻӣһ˫֯Ьӣ˻ʹ߹Ѿߴ仨ںɫϵˡ
ܹǹϾ߶ˡⲻ緹ûԣ˵Ҫţܹһء仨˵
̫ƽ˵ͷ˵߹ˡ
߹֮һţһĵطʱ䣬̫ƽͽ£ȥ̫
ȻʱԼȺˡ
̫΢Щתʮָˣ˹
óڵоúܳ͸̫ǳϲ˵죬ͬȸ¶ˮ׳
̫ƽҲݼ̫Ȼ̫á
Ϥָ̫Ƿǳ
Ȼ˵иˣҲһָֺϧ
⻰̫棬ϧʲôǸ˭ںδ
ҵ˻ᣬ̫ƽһۣ̫ƽ˵ͷַϹ
Ҳ˵װµӡ
̫е̫ۡƽ㶯㡣
̫ƽ˵ͷ
Ϊβ˵̫Խˣ˵˵ʲôҶ
̾˿ֻǣǸԶڱ߹أ˵Ҳõġ
̫һ߹أǱ߹ˣ
ǡҡͷ
ôˣ
Ҳǡ
̫ҪҴˣ˵ɡҲϲθڡ
ǹġ
Ϊ̫Խ棬ͻǸԽȤӶŻ̫Ǹ˵
̫ƽ̵ġ
ȻҪ̫ȸ̫ƽͲ̫ǰᣬ̫ᷳˣҪһУ̫ȵ
ǸˣʵڲἰΪ»ϡ̾˿˵
ϣ˺ͻʲôϵ̫˵ѵǱϳͷŵ˱߹𣿡
˵̫Ǹ˾ȸ
ȸ̫󾪣ĸȸ
˵ͷҼǵùȥΪ֪ʱұãָǰδŵĺãҶѧᡣ
̫̾˿ȸȻáôãһͷһ˵
̾˿̫˵ĶġήҲʳӣȸһãͺˡȫһɾ¹ͨӵµѪһӾʹͨˡ
̫˵ͷ֮ԻòΪѪͨѪͨ㲻ò˾ͿԳϡ
̫ƽдϧûȸָֺлᡣѧһѧʱԸ̫ã̫ϡ
̫˵СһҪȸã治ҲҪ̫ƽ͹ȥȸȸָ㡣
̫ƽдȸԶڱ߹أֻңǼ£˵˵ǻȸȥ˱߹أûϵͬ⡭
̫˵ȸץҾ͸˵ȸûйϵģǻϲִҪȥ߹ءȻȸڱ߹Ѿô꣬ô
˵ǣȸĿͨѹ֮
ȸûͨѹһ᲻֪ǻӹˣôõһҳ̫˵
̫ƽд̫֮ϵţִҪȸŻƱϴŭ²ͻĸ֮ĹϵܹΪȸƽʱ֪ȸûдҲųȥˡ
̫ͷЦôû뵽أҪΪȸƽ
̫ƽЦˣڳɹˣɹ˵̫Ϊȸһƽ
ʵȸѹͲá


235 ˹

̫ƽ֪̫ϲƫƫ̫Ͼкܶټ̫׷ϣ˵ȸܹ̫ͨѪ̫ʵֳϵԸ̫һ᲻һеȥȸﵽĿġ
ֻǸ̫˵ȸܹ̫̫߲ôŬġΪҪõĺã̫ʹҲˡûȸƵúãⲢҪǳϾͲһˣ˭ܹһ˳ϡ
̫ƽһһͣ໥ϣڳɹ̫ġ̫ΪȸƽȸⲢǼ׵¡
»ϸ̫֮ϵǳ̫ƽҲȰ̫ﲻҪʱڹʲôǵûϸᷳϾ̫Ѿûʲôʵˡ
»ҲûʲôʵıȨ󳼵УȻûбȨġ
̫ƽ֪ȸĵܵܣҲڵбȨġȻҸҡ?
ĳʱ򣬷ַ⹦Ϊ˼պһֵķҲˣڹҷɢڻȨḺ́Ͳʲô¡
ǣԭǿԽġϸ̫ȨԽԽңʼڲǳ̫ƽôоȥͬأ
ԻʼҵıȨҲһֱˣʵҲûʱ䣬ûоȥ¡
ȻҲԽԽףҪЩȨջ£ЩȨûõģʼұҪŽһ£ԻҲ̫󶷵̫Σʵ̫ٳ֮ϴͻϮԭֻ̫̫֪ʵҲƢġ
ﵽĿģˡ
̫ƽǷ̫ʱͳᵽ¡ҽ̫ҪüҵＤŭϣ̫ûô̫ϲӰҪϣȻҲһЩӡ
Ȼټ̫ƽ
ԭ۾ϳһСȥЩӲżۡһͷۡ
Ը̫ҽΪ´ȥϾѾô谮ɫ˥ˣ֪۾ﻹǰѻԽԽԶˣ
ԣҽտ̫ƽ̫ƽΡ
ֻ̫ƽһСҳҶϴɾ֮üһСͷȻСͷ׼۾ϵһһӾʹͨˡ
ʱֿˡ
ǳˣ̫ƽٸϵƤҲá
ǣţ⿪·
̫ƽϵƤһһģޱȡ
ҪץԽץԽġ̫ƽһдһ¯ʯ˵ʯȥ֮ˮˮ
ɺˣͿȥͺˡ̫ƽСؽϳĵطͿ˸顣
ȫһ̫ƽָϸ֬
̫ƽܹΪĶϱãöðȻ̾
̫ƽʧɫԵ޹˵һΪ
ѵ
̫ƽϰµģһֲõԤϮ
Ȼ·ץס̫ƽ̫֡ƽ滬ۡǺϲ㡣˾Ϊϱ̫ƽ㾿𣿸߱
̫ƽæ¡дϢŭŮǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ǡŮѾӺСҪùʧˡ
̾˿Ӻ̫ǰ;أ̫ƽǴˣӦ֪ôѡ񡣡
̫ƽװ޹
ȥͨ㿼飬̫ƽȡˡԼͶôˣ
ԴϬ˿ǰ̫ƽĸһ
̫ƽԼһˡ
֮оǳ
Լĵָףһɫޣ˵̫ƽ£ֻǾãӺ䲻㡣
̫ƽһȦ벻¶ˣҪУҲΪˣ
ÿ仰˵ѵΪʲô
ʱȻҵɨȻ˳
ɫûа䶯ɼԤıġ
̫ƽˣȫˡ
խֱֳŽɫƹߣϬԲϴḡЦ
̫ƽܾˡ˹
ƻû˵档
̫ƽæ㿪
ЦӲģŴˣ㻹ǸưͣжвֻйԹԾͷȽϺá˵꣬˹һ㸺ġ
̫ƽ쵽롣
Ȼ
˭ˣ


236 Բ

һ࣬͸˵Ҫκ˹ŵ˭أ
̫ӵ£СӣǷ̫ȥһˡ⣬Ϥаȵ
̫ƽһ벻ȻСӡ
⾿ɺأСӹģ
ŭС̫ࡣҪڴȥһĸȥġ
С˵̫ӵ²ŵĻūžƽˡ
ңŭ
СӺȻƿš
̫ƽæ˳ȥվС
һû뵽СӾȻô󵨣ѵС֪̫ƽ
ҪȻСôң
̫ӵ£ΪʲôܹСʵܹһ̫أ̫֪ܹ¡
㲻ҪԻڣʲôʱܹˣҲܹһˡ˵
ôܹ̫ǷʵСӿȲʤȯġ
ˣ̫ƽ˵ʲôӰæЦǧ֮꣬£ҲдҲдʹ˰ɡ
С֪ˣСҲֻ㵽Ϊֹ͸ˣ̫ӵ£պٲýȢĸôдĴ󳼶ҪˡǵŮŷµĺ󳾡
󾪣ѵС֪ŷԼ
СӺ̫ƽˡ
˳
С˲򵥡Ŀ˸ǳǳغһڲ衣
ŵ˵ӾãѾв˻ɣŷǱҺġ
ǵġָҪҲֻ̫档Ҳֻܼӱֺ㸸ˣΪ֧˾㸸ʡ
˵ǣС̫£ɱ
ɱЦСӾԲ̫ô򵥡
̫ƽС˼˵ղǶлˡҪȥˡ
С˵Ѿʼˣ㲻Ҫٸ̫׽
ҲôʼҵģҾ¶̫ƽһ
С˵㻹ǵϴδ̿͵𣿡
Ȼǵãŷġ̫ƽ˵ͷ
ŷûôı¡ҵôĴ̿ͣʵɣЩ̿ͶְĵӣʫС˵
·̫ƽȫ
ܹΪʲôôķӦСӾ̫֣ƺÿһᵽְģⷴӦܴ󡣡
̫ƽһ˵ΪʲôôȷʫʫֻһССŮӣôı£
С˵ΪЩ̿͡ۼǴʫĸ뿪ġ
̫ƽ۾ޱ֣ʫΪʲôҪдأ
Ҳú֡ϧһûвࡣǿԿ϶ǣʫŷҵϣͬʱҲӦǵõĬҪȻһжô˳С˵ңʫȷһŮˣ̿ͣһǳѻ
ЩѻѻҪ𣿡̫ƽЦһֱѻĳˣĶѻһ䡣
СҡҡͷѻȽʫȫͬġ
̫ƽ˵Ҳֻ˵ѻ
ʲôƢйء
Ųǡ̫ƽ
ǡСҲ˿á
˾Ȼ죬ͺ¼һ
̫ƽһִæƴҡͷִӴи˦
Сӿ̫ƽӣˡ
˵һе£ˡ̬һٰʮȴת䵭
̫ƽСӵıӰ̾˿ӣԶӡ
ٵòˣԸͣ
ȻС̫ƽҪԸΡ
˰ɡѩ棬ֹȵŶ̫ƽЦŶ˵
Ҫ̫ˣ˻᳤ֵģҲȡʹҡҡͷɻû˵ꡣֿ
ԣ̫ƽһߺţһ߽ѩյٵߡ
ͿȥԱǺ«ˡҪҪ
Ҫٶʱǰһӹѱѩˡ
֮ٵĿԡԺ˺ܶࡣ
ҽʥ֣һҩͿҩٿ佱
ʱ˵ټڶ֡Ƕ־԰
˵⻹̫ӵġ̫ӵΪӭϻϲԵټ˼ӣһĽ顣ūĺ˵
̫ƽŲյ˵ô˵ӺҲ᲻òȥˣȻӺȥСΪ˰ӺȻҲȥ
ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ


237 ԩ·խ

˻ûͼ̫ƽҹ
̫ƽ̧ͷһľȻգ
ʱմŶӣﻳĿĶӡ
ˣһ·˵Ҫȥ̫ƽʹ˭˸
һײաӰնĺӣǿ̫ӵĺӰҪɱͷġ
̫ƽʾźΪ֮ǰȥ̫ƽĲ磬̫ƽ˸ڽ˻ʹΪԱܿա
˭֪վȻ겻ɢ
Ƕ˳һ㲻ʮ塣
ʱ˵ʢ˽ָ̫ƽıӾ
̫ƽҲܹն䡣
ֻǿջЦдս㣬ͣˡαӰԼأ񲻱Ц㲻ӵĸף
⻰Ȼ񣬿ǾѲǹȥͷԼ򵥵գ̫ӺԺĶǵձüĻ
ˣһӾܹ̫ƽ⻰˵Ķԡ
մ󳳴֣ԼûкôټףҲܹˡ
ֲֲܴտǹģ˵벻̫ƽ㵽ڻôǣҺܿٻܲˡ
̫ƽЦдǹϲսˡսҲǶһԱܻͷˡҲǶÿöܿĵģտҪַǡ
̫ƽҲǹߴ˵֪հĽ٣ϲ˿佱
ˣȻϲɫ˵ߣ㣿뵱̫ƽҲݺңȴû뵽ҷͷ˰ɣ
̫ƽôÿϧȴǸưͣҹԺûҪİɣ
̫ƽæˣӶڲ֣˵䣬̫ƽ̣̫ƽɲ̣
һ֣̫ƽҲյһٶŵմҡҿеˡ
óջǺںĺӵģϾ뿿ıȡƽĵλġ
̫ӺԺ󲢲谮գûˣյ廹ܹҲûлˣΪҲգ
ӾûϣպͻԶ̫ӵĺԺΪһˡ
˵Ӷ˵жôҪ
ҲֻǺٻΪ̫ƽաû뵽̫ƽĵô󣬸նкӣյŵæˣŶӼҴҵˡ
̫ƽҲû뵽ջôˡ
̫ƽΪкܳһҪôͽܣ̫ƽǺܲ˵ġ
Ϊձˡʼ֪ʲôҪʲôҪΪҪĶıԼԸ
̫ƽĵִһ⵱Ȼʲô¡
̫ƽҪʧȥӣҲ׾ٵ顣
ǣ̫ƽӤ߱˶ĺ֡
Ϊ̫ƽǰҲӵˡӤ;֮ġԣ̫ƽȻ⺦ˣҲԭġ
ˣ߹ȻҪ̫ƽ̫ƽȥһԭ߹ۡ
׻˵۲ǲҪ߹ŵģ̫ƽԼβ
߹աſϣ۵û˵ۿʪġҪˡ
̫ƽȡ룬߹ĺϹѨһ룬ʱ߹;ûôʹˡ
öˣٰ߹ϰÿˡ
ҩȥõĸ졣˵š̫ƽ뻨ݸ߹
ҩ۵ĵطһ߹;һһ롣
̫ƽ鱾׼ɲְӿΡ߹˵쿪ʼǵʦةŶǿѧ㲻ܲȥѧ
ʲô̫ƽƲƲ죬ȻҢĸة
ǿԩ·խ
֮ǰ̫ƽΪܾҢҢӺ˳ͻȻҢڶˣǣô
ҺͶǵң϶Ǵڵġ
̫ƽȥةѧǲüȥʯͷ
ôĶ֪ˡ
ֻǣ̫ƽⷬ뷨С֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
Ϊڶ죬̫ƽ߹ʼѧʱةһ㶼ûΪ̫ƽ
еҵȻڳÿ˶ǸĿдһġ
߹ȻҪдģǣΪ̫ƽҲҪд
̫ƽдúãة࿴˺󣬷̫ƽ佱һ
̫ƽ˼ˣةһͷ׷ΪΪ񾤾ҵҵΪԸ̫ڹֱ˻ϣϰְڹ̻̽ӹ


238 

ټϣةĴŮǰ̫Ϊǰ̫ǰ̫ĹҲˣةĶҢǸȳӣȻ书ǿվ;ǲô⡣
Ȼة໹иСŮգΪ̫֡ټãһֱֹУȢ
ίʵ̫ƽͬ顣ټΣȷӺףԶţةⷢӣΪ̫ƽ̫ƽҲпԭġ
·̫ƽϡ̫ƽҲǷǳġ
˼ˣǣة̫ܶƽѭѭաǴΪʦ֮磬߽ࡣ
ʵѾһˣة˸ǻϻǲϲ
뵽̫ƽΡ
߹͵͵̫ƽЦ̫ƽϲĿΣҵ˺ˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷϲ
߹˵ǿ棿ʼǸ顣
Ƕʦء̫ƽд
νˣة鱾ˡ
ΪŮб𣬹ѧϰĶǹ
ӻѧϰһࡣ
˹ȻҲڵġ
ղţ˹Ǳ˺ܾˡ
̫ƽڣ˹ȥҪ̫ƽ̫ͣƽһѾͰѰ˹ְסˣ޳ܡ
˹Ȼ˵Լֱ̫ƽץˣ̫๬ŮǶ߹
Ҫȥ߻ϣǿ֤ղš̫ƽץҵ֡˹š
߹ղͷдҵһʱ֮û࣬˾㿴ˣҲ̫ƽ˵
˹֪ܹƷ̫ƽˣܹȥ߻ϡ
߹ĵ˵ؿôأҪ̫ƽҾͼװ˵Ҷˣû
̫ƽҡҡͷдȻǲеġ̫ƽȻ߹İͲ߹˵ѡ
ǡôأһ߹˵ңο˳ܿԺҲˡ
̫ƽдûû˭ԩҡ
ûãȻ˹ˡ
Ҫ̫ƽȥ̫ƽȴܾˡ
̫ŭ㾹Υʥּ
̫ƽдδĳŮû
ˣ졣̫˫ֲ˵
鼱УСӴб紦ĴźȻ֡
̫࿴Сӣ¹򣺡ūŰݼǧꡣ
ԼԼɡС˵ܹΪس֮Ůһūſģ㲻˺죬ҶֵĻͲ챻˺ôˡ
Сӻɱڳÿ˶
̫ŵȫͣظԼ졣
֪ˣСҲûͣ¡ֻб۾˿̫ƽ
̫ƽһ䵭޶ԡֹūŶҲӦõġ
ǡ̫ģСЦ˭ͣˣ
ֻ̫ܼԼ⣬󣬾ȻһغԼԼˣ
̫ƽһȻСҪ˭˭Ӳ
̫൹˵ϣߵС̫˵ǣǧ꣬ǱܹǻһҪܹǧܹﲻҪΪСģСҲֻǷ¡
С˵ܹǴ󳼵ŮѾöӹˣʱһϣŷϹء
ʱˣղŷʲôҶˣҿԹȥ֤
̫ƽмؿ࣬ôû벻¾Ƕôá
ĿҲ̫ƽϡ
ȻŶ̶²ȴ˲ɣһû뵽̫ƽѾӺˡ
Ǵ󶨻СӴˣ̫ƽ϶ӡһǡǾӺδޡ
Ǽǳá
ڣһֱߡ
˵˻֣Щ̫ˡǶԵҲһ
ǾĳϣһȻҲһõŮӡ
ǡ̫ƽ߹࣬˴⡣ȺŻټ
Сȴûй̫ƽеʧ䡣
ˡ
̫ƽ˹۸ˣ˺£Դӱ̫ƽҽκ֮󣬾͸̫ƽ̫ƽ̬Ҳȹȥ˺ܶࡣ
һ̫ƽܻ£ϾͷеΣˡ
̫ƽдл׹ġǾͰ龭ؽһΡ
ʱǶ
ϣ˹Ѿǿ޵滨꣬˵̫ƽֱˡ
Ͽ˹ֱϣȷһη췢ˡ
̫ƽôͣɫ
̫ƽдŮûû
£֤ʱǰ˹ǰҪܹֻܹǳץס˰˹ְˡ
ǺЦֻΪץס֣ΪʲôֻᷢҪһ˹ͱ˵


239 ̫

Ҳ֣ҲΪʲô̫ƽѾſ˰˹֣ǣ㻹Ҫ£ʲôأ˵
ⲻ˵˹˰ԼŪˣӶ̫ƽ
ɴˡ
ǼӺ˴Ů۾֮
˹Ҫɱͷģ
˹ˣæ˵ʡںʱǶ棬ʱǽˣôܻڰѹҵأ
Ц˭֤ںأ
˭֤ʱǽˣ˹ͱˣһ̫ӣҷϻҪ̫㣬˵ĻᶼûУ
ϡ˹ȻңҲˡһؼҡ
Ϻɫ˵СˣǿˡôԶôò
˹Ȼû뵽ϾȻỤࡣ
̫࣬˹ԭͲ֪Ϊʲôˣ벻˹װĸҲ࣡˹벻ף
˹̲ס˵һ̫ӶѣΪʲôҪأǵʳǵϣָֻţ𣿡
⻰ֻ࣬ҧҧЦΪҳǵʳҲҪΪʼҷǰôܹТĹų͢أߣ̫ƽǴ󳼵ŮûκιȴҪһٵ˷ѻʼҵʳ𣿡
˹ʱŭܹȥҪ졣
˿˹ڹԣڵء
˵ϡǰ˹Լڵصģûйϵõ°˹˵ҰƵģ˹˵ı£޵еģ˹԰ѧҵϣҲδεһˡ
˹ñףҲ޿κΣֻðѰͶ˻ϣʡ쵰۸ŮһҪΪŮ
˭֪һ谮˹ʱȻο࣬£ǳ˹ûнˣ˼һ£ʱȥѧˡ
˹ǻǱȥˡ
̫ƽҲΪ֣Ȼֻ̫ӣȦڴĳǺεºܣû𾴣
ĪǣϣŲɸ˵
ٻͷϣϵӣ˵ʱȴǴüĿġ
ǰ϶˵Բ
Ҳſʼıġ
Ϊʲô
̫ƽ֪ԭǷʲô£﾿ʲôãΪʲôϵ̬Ȼһٰʮȴĸıأ
ܹ˹£ǿһ¡Ҳ˶ϼӹ̵ܽġϺȻ̫ƽ˵˵ҲͦģҲ̫ƽú֡
ϵȻΪ̫ƽô飬϶Ϊɡ
ϵԽԽˣ̫ƽ֪ǲġ
֪𰸣ֻܴӺ÷֡
̫ƽ뿪˵㿴𣿡̫ƽҡҡͷ
˵˾ţԲڴϷѾ͹ȥƷˡ
ԣ̫ӷǳ̫ƽЦдջʲôУ޷Ǿĺӡٲȡ˵ļͬˡ
˵ҵҪȥգ̫ƽʱ䣬ҲȥɣϾ㡣ңڹҲ
̫ƽдףŮˣŮȥġ
˵ͷȥնԲĶȥˣҲϡ
ˡ
˵Ҫȥչ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷ޹Ҫ׼һ̥ҩա
æ˵ﲻɡմʱʱڣǳǵҩ˲Ǻáе㲻ˣ̥еʧֵȥ
̫ƽдҵȻ֪Ҳȥãȥ˷ǣĿ̫Ӻãȥͻᱻ˵ұ顣ȥˣҪұȽѺã̫ͻҲұȽ϶¡ҿǴڻʹɲΪԼ۵
˵ǣһհѶҩڹҩ棬ȴ޻ôأ
׼ҩһͨٸգһ̫ĸùãһȥվֽţҲûᡣ̫ƽȻдء
޹ˣ̫ƽ˼׼ҩģ̫ƽһգȥ˲ŹȥʾԸ׵ء
̫ĸŮˣ̫ƽǴĺɺѾ߹ȥ
ĺɶ书޶ҽһ䣬һģ̫ƽûʲôĵˡ
ҪȥȻһϼݵ----̫ƽһ


240 ϵ

̫ƽȻ벻ϾȻݹ١
ķ䰡
߹Ĺ
Ȼ֮ĪҪȥ߹ķ䣬ҲûʲôԵġ
ǣ߹ǻϵŮͽˣûйϵ
̫ƽȴһ
ϾϽǷǳӰ̫ƽġ
ȥлڻʹ˴󳼵Ů鷢
¡˭϶ǳưͿϵùΪǻϣѵ㻹Ҫ
ȻǲܵģΨһİ취ǱսʹȥΪϵŮˡ
ȻҲвģɱ£üֱǰ
ʱŻϵĽѥӳǰ̫ƽסˡ
̫ƽһ⣬˳·㡣ϵȻˮ︡ĭ
̫ƽû˵ĺ˵ϣū澶ǹһ»ϣҪʣΪβȥ˵ǹﻹûг󣬻ϴ˾ٺ𣿡
Цֻ˳·ǼʻˣαҪô鷳
ĺ˵ôʻҪʲôأ
ϵüëߵ̫˵졣˵𣿡
˵ǶȥɣҪ̫ƽ˵䡣
̫ƽ󾪣ϵ˼Ȼҡ
ĺæ˵ԡȻǻϣǣҲܲء˽ǹѾǷǳˣŰǶ֧ûϺǹԣǲ⣡
⻰˵ֱӣǶײϣϵˡ
һֱͷ̫ƽ̲ס̧ͷдϢŭĺֻǻС
Ϊ˻ͿԶײ̫ƽôѾߵģȻӻ
̫ƽȥˣҲʲôˣ
Ǹˡܱ
ֲûϻյ̫ƽԺ˲ܻؽӽ̫ƽˣܱѾƾŻΪ˻ϵĳ購
飬һܱģ
ʵȷˡ
ϼ̫ƽ֮󣬾Ϊˣ֮ǰҲŹ̫ƽҽ˵ãָ˵԰õͬǳ
϶̫ƽǳȤüҪټ̫ƽǳ̫ϲÿҪ̫ƽ̫ɸסˡ
̫ƽȻ빬˰ǣѾӺδޣȻжɣûеȥټӵδް
Ҫ˵ǵദˡ
˵ˣӺΨһһбȨĻӡҲԸٺͶӹϵá
Ծһֱ಻
ܱȴ˻ϵ˼
Ϊֺûϣܱþ˼
ǳûȻϲ̫ƽβ̫ƽڻʹҲ̫ߵʱǿҪ̫ƽأֻҪ췹̫ƽӦ𣿡
ϴϲ³֮һ˰䡣
ΪϷǽѣҲǳıܱ֡ƨ
ǣ˸ղһĻ
ʱϿ̫ƽƺܵ˾ţæǳܱ̫ƽô˵ҲŮôԺ˵أ
ܱ˵΢ĻϣʶһУֶŮ顣΢ǲܵˡ
̫ƽܱա
ĺɺ޶Ը뿪Լˣ̫ƽ˻֣߰ɡ
ڽɼ̫ƽֻѾ뿪Ҫνˡ
ߣ̫ƽд𣿡
ĺɺֻˣȥСӰɡ
СӺǹй飬һԾȵ˹
̫ƽԶŻϣҲǲ
Ц̫ƽڲݵϺ𣿡
޳ܣݵء
̫ƽȻһ⡣ǡӰ
ܱ˵̫ƽûڶ˵𣿻Ͻ£
̫ƽҡҡͷдŮ岻ãڱĵϡˡ
ϻû˵ܱˣ岻ãҿɫ󡣲岻õѽ˵ˣݵˣвƤţ㶳ŵġ
̫ƽŭգȥӦòҪȰܱȥˣܱȻǸ
ǣ̫ƽǿѹŭдǲţȥ̫ҽ̫ҽιܹڵϣвƤҲС
ܱ˵㡭ǿʶҰ̫ҽˣѵ̫ҽù𣿡
̫ҽȻ򲻹ˣ˵ʲôΪҪĶ̫ҽȥϴأ̫ƽװˣܱ˵áùˡù
ܱҪЩʲôŭܰ䣬°ɣ̫ƽô޻ᴦģϹģ㻹Ҫ
ܱһ£÷϶̫ƽ°
ܱ⣬Ҫߣ̫ƽѽѸһߣűߵǸʯͷ˹ȥúܱĽϡ
žܱ⧲صˤڵϡ


241 

ܱõ̫ƽ
ǣôѸ٣϶ûпǲ̫ƽߵġ
ܱվܻ̫ƽô嶼ߣ̫Ŀˣ
̫ƽЦд壬ΪʲôҪԩأаҵֶŮ֮飬ҶûءΪʲôһҪأ
ʲôܱʲô֮ʲô˵
ܱ£ȻΪղű̫ƽˣ̡ǸùµĻǵù£ϣûа
̫ƽдŮҲͷҪ棬˵ûʲô飬ҿǲţѵ𣿡
ܱ˵̫ƽôôأ
壬ֻڻ϶ѡ̫ƽ䵭
ܱ˵ϣûа
̫ƽд塣ҵģ¾͵øϽϴ󣬶ǽƱ磬ûϢŭ
ܱŭ̫ƽҪ䣡
ˣһܱϣҹȥ
ʵʹһҥԣǾܱ˽ܣǣΪܱںˣ԰ѻϺ÷ǳġ
ϲܱԣЩԶֻҥԣ֮
̫ƽ˵ʵںĺܣԻҥԣܱ֮ںϡôߵôôأ
ɼܱԼĵģһҸҳĻϣ뵽֮ǰܱôãԽŭˣǻܱԭ
ܱҲŵϸϽβˣȻ뿪֮ǰݺݵصһ̫ƽ
£Ժֻʣ»ϸ̫ƽˣΪ̫ƽܱ֮ĶϷһЩʱ䡣ʱ̫ƽѾѾҵСˣ
С֪֮ԭ̫ġʱЩɣ̫˯ˡ
̫˯ʱϲκ˴СӶȥ
ǣСĲУֻӲġ
Ϻ£ܡ
ʱѾƽ̫ƽ
̫ƽдôǿأ
޾ʲôӢ¡˭õأڴǵУ⻹һλûˣΪ㣬ȥ޵ġϴЦ̫ƽϻۣӦ֪ʱ޵ĻȲͺá
̫ƽдǻϣŮӺδޡ
ΣΪ޵ĶҲΪ޸˵ģǲҲһŮǵӣǸȴֻһյЦ
̫ƽ벻ϻ޳ܡ
˹ȥ
̫ƽˡ
Ǻ֣벻Ȼư͡ȴݡ޵۹Ȼ϶̫ƽӸȤˡ
̫ƽ˰дϣôˣռһʮС߲߰
ЦзȻĳ޵ŮˣһΪôɴӦ˰ɣ
̫ƽֱˡ
ٴ˹
Ȼ̫ƽһӣ˵ϡ
ϳû˹̫ƽһӲˡ
̫ƽ˶ˡ
ǣѵӲ̫ƽˡ
һԾԲԼϡ
ȻһӰ
ϻûӦǵӰͷɳһƣ˻ϵĺϣϱ˳ȥ
ǵӰס̫ƽ֣ܣϵ߻ûǺӰ͸̫ƽˡ
˸աʲôûõһȭ֪Ǳ˭ġϡ
Ȼ뷢Ҳûа취ϾԼ̫ƽԺԼ
ǻôլһӢɾͶˡ
ûϾģҲǲԸġ
侲ĻϻȳȥˣϾ̫ƽԺ󺰴еģҲʡ
ϻص
ʲô֪ϿǺܾöûԼĹˣκȻ٣Ҳ֪ͨһ
æԾơ
ǣΪܱ֮䲻岻ĹϵͲ
ֻ˵޸ղ˴̿ͣȥܱϸ¡
ţҪȥϵ֣ϣѵ檲ΪϷֵƫƫҪȥܱܱʲô
ܱʲôܱһﰡ˵
һϺ⣿һȥܱ
ܱĻʹȻ֮ϿˣӻܱĹϵˡ
ܱ񣬻ϻܴϾͰϵĲ豭ܱͷ˹ȥ


242 Ҳ

ܱ϶㿪ˡ
ûϸˣΪܱĶԼĹ϶㿪ǻ뾡취ԼܱĹ
ڻϵУǵ硣
ܱ㾿Ϻ˵ЩʲôΪζԱŭҲܱûɫ
ܱҵϺҲ֪ΪǻᶼԼŭ
¡ֻܱƤЦعڵϿͷ
紵ó̫ƽƴְѳ̶ס
СתЦʱͷ̫ˡԼԹ̶סġ
̫ƽһ˵ʲô֪㲢˵ͷô򵥡
ʱѾˣϣֱܹܹܿǰǰԼΣ֮Уñ˵ġСɫ
ò˵ź·СӸһֶĿڰнŵ꼻ʴȴΨ
ҲҲڶˡС·ôÿˡ
̫ƽ
¹
Сһ㣬صЦšһ
˼ŮģҲֻСһˡ
ҲܿǣǱ޿ɱܡ̫ƽ̾˿㲻ң׵ġ
޷סΪܹﲻԸʹ˼޸ӺɢȴԼڹĶ֮УԸԸǸԭһΪܹΪ˶ڷ֣ʵܹԶҲûжٸ顣෴ܹһңȴǳȤС˵ܹҹ۲ܾˡҲȥĹȥȥƺӵġ
̫ƽ˵һֱ˵ġҹΪҵѡѵûп߲嵶𣿵ˣָˡ
֣ܹǰǴûнġû̸֪أСΣȻбѾ̫ƽָơ
̫ƽһˡҺ֮Ľԣ㲻֪Ҳ֡ʵϣȷҵĺѡ
СЦ֮ǰͶ·ɺӺϵҲûй֪Ҫ֪ӺǹйŮΪûбͬԵĿ֮ˣǲӺġ˵֮ǰʶ㣬ҿɲš
̫ƽ˵Ҫղžңһվ㽫ϻ
СӰؿ̫ƽ˵ݵһϷҶ֪ˡǹͬƣ̫һϣѹûϷŹȸӡȸӣĸ֡˵ڰǽƱˡ
̫ƽһ̫ˣ
ˡ˵ղ˵ģǶԵġСҡҡͷ˵ܹǶģΪʲôҪأ
̫ƽҧҧ촽˵Ȼ˵ʲôǧ궼ǲŵģһʲôأҲ粻˵˰ɡ
СӶ˶ֲһֻβݣԼϡ
һŽ˿ȴôһ۵Ĺβݣ𣿡̫ƽҡҡͷǧƷλ߰˲ĶӲҪһ˰Ŀ
ܹͬҲ˵ˣӲҪһһ˰Ŀͺܹ˱һˣӲҪ̫೶һأСĿϬֻ̫ƽʧ£Ȼ˵ôһ
ҪƲ̫ƽĹϵҲҪôÿʱÿ̰ɣСҲ̫ˣ
̫ƽҡҡͷû˵Ҫһ㲻ҪѾӺδޣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ǾͺãҾͷˡСһЦɽϳڵѩ¡
̫ƽתҪȥ
С˵һҸ֮£ǲģܹ濴ȥô򵥣ϣܹﲻҪϽȥ󼺡
ҪܣֻǾѵĸĸûˡ̫ƽͷҲء
ȸڱ߹غúõģǿал£ڵġСӼ˵
̫ƽͣ½ŲתڣΪʲôڣȸ֮便йʲô飬Ҹ˵
ܶ飬ܹﻹ֪ԽԽãܹǣȸڱ߹ȻƤ֮࣬ǵûģǻص˾ǣ¾֮ˡܹҪ£ķǻ£˱˵æ
̫ƽ˵߹˿ຮ֮أܿ࣬ʲô㲻˵ʵҲûϵ֮һҪǣܻҸϺܶࡣ
С̾˿̫ƽˡ
Ѿ߹㲻֪ղžǧжżءΪ˹һУ񷢷һ㶼̫ϲˡ˹㻹Ҫȥ𣿡


243 

飬ū澽ﲻҪȥˣҲѾ˵ߵˡϾղŻǱߣôƢϴܹ㷿ȥҲܶ˿ˣڹߡĶҲǺܿ顣ĺ˵
̫ƽ˵ͷĺɣһı˵ĻмеֻǣΪ˻Ҹ̫ӵĹϵһȴǷȥɡҵͻȻϮ̫׼ҷȥˡ
̫ƽİ̥ҩ׼һЩ̫Ӷ
֮ǰǿʩ̫ƽȴ̫ӶȻ̫ƽҪ뻢ڣѾոձɳȥˡһʱǲġ
Ŵգơһ¯˻𣬵ů͵Ľ
ڴϣһޱϣԧϷˮÿһ붼ýɣǳ
̫ƽ֪һǳϲݻŮݣȴݻڸסԼݣ͸¶ĵĲš
ߵū澺ɻ̫ƽ˽
ɻԭѾߡ
ڶѾ߶ûдɻ󲦸ġ
ԣɻԵòǺգɻ̫ġ
ڶȻûԼѾߣڻʹȴС
Ƕʱ䣬ڻʹʶ˲ϲ̰Сı˵ĹŮ
ЩŮͳյߡ
磬ЩģԴ̽õһ鱨պлֺǣڣǵô
̫ƽˣסյ֡
ĺ˵ǹ˵ģһ̥ҩ񣬻Цɡ
ȴ䵭˦̫ƽ֣һ
ĺɰǰ̥ҩ˺ɻ˵ǹǱƵģȽһʲʺСʡЩҩ˳ܺãЩ˳ȴ˻ãֻΪʲʺϡ
⻰ﰵ˵̫ƽҩûжģ̫ƽһƬģԼͶ޻̫ƽԣǺɻȥø顣֤ס
ɻףҩˡ
˵̫ƽϲʲôôұѬôܣ϶ǹҵġ˵ʹ
ĺ˵㲻Ҫǹвˣ
̫ƽдȻ˵ϲ㣬¿ɷǵ˵ɡҿɲ룬ǺĹȴò׵ػȥս˲ʲôģƵϡ
ĺȥҹ˵˵̫ƽϲ㡣̫ƽҪ
ô̫ƽ̫ƽȻˣ̫ƽôȥȻҪ취һ̫ƽ
ֻ̫ƽҩ͵ˣ֪ҩ²ֽţͿʼ̫ƽϲ㡣
ԭֻô󳳴һ˶Ϊ̫ƽıգ̫ƽˣվԼ˵ԼۣԴ޻̫ƽ
˭֪̫ƽȻ棬һҪˮʯҪй֤
ԭվͲҪջ˺ӣŲԸأպ̫ƽܡ˭֪˭أ
һվ;ÿҪ¶ˣҲ£Ͼϻ̫ӵĺӣܳͷɣҪҪˣڲҡ
˵ˣĺӣҲǷǳϲġҵϡ
ʱ﹬˿ϣ㱡Ҫܱ̿͵£鲻Ͱܱ
ܱ鲻ƱҲǨŭ
֪ԼˡܱװףֻΪͻǡ
ȻԼĵλЩˡ
ѡŮǹɫ㡣ƽ벻ˡ
ǰ黢ɫ˥ȱˡڻϣ׵¡
ӦҸİ֡
ѾѾ뿪Һ̫Ĺϵͬˮٺߵֻ̫Ҷˡ
̫ƽȷǺܴϻ۰
ţ̫ƽúɻյİ̥ҩҲ˳ۺܶ࣬æˣû⣬ˣͷĸճ԰ɡ
ûã̫ƽ˹˵̫ƽϲ㣬Ҫһ̫࣬ƽһס
ŭˣҲ治£̫ƽȻԸǽãȴ£ж֡
ǣȥˡ
̫ƽʱѾվſˣմӴȥ̫ƽġ
㲻ҪҪõ㣬ҶۣǱ㺦ģպȻöеˣ


244 

۽ǴѾˡ
æأס˶ӣѽҵĶӺۣ۰
ݵ
ˣһۣޱȡ
̫ƽ
ȴ˵ˡ޷ˡʹʵվվˡ
սüëżæ˰շȥ˵˴磬ô䣬ΪβڷȥĪҪѱˡ
ڴϿ˵ԭǴڷģ̫ƽһʱ鼱ûпסԼͳ˳ˡ
̫ƽһۡ˵̫ƽ㣿ưͣ˵Ҳ̫ûˮ׼ˡ
մ󾪣ȷΪݺ̫ƽʲôʹˣ̫ƽưͣưôأ
ȴ˵̫ƽڲܳԼԼѽ
̫ƽʱһ仰û˵Ѿʧȥˡ
Ҳշǳʧ£ǲд˵ûдԣ˵ĻԶᣬԺôںأ
֪ԼУȴ˶ĺӣȴһҪִݺ̫ƽ̾˿Ҳĸ׵ˡ˵Ĳ¡
տ˵죬ȷ̫ƽϴ㣬ҶӵڻۣҲ֪̥ûӰ졣
˰̫ƽһ飬̫ƽҲûз
ѹˣû㡣ǹŮ˵
˵̫ƽûУʱûСôƻ϶Ͱȡ֪صȥˣôҵˣ϶ӻúõģھͶˣ̫ƽһҾͶӾˣ˵ûйϵ𣿡
̫ƽȻ˵ҰˣһҪסеĵط飬ڵضҲð˵ضǲ鲻ǾͿɼˡ
˵գҿḁ̊́־ִˣ̫ƽϸûдʲô㣬ǻı㣬ԿʼˣǸ̫ҽһ°ɣ㾫ˣ̥ǲõġ
տûоң̫ƽڼӺң
ˣǿ㻳̫ӵĺӵķϣز㣬㻹ǰֵ㣬̫ӵĺӣȻġǲ֣ѱ̥ûˣʱ򱾹֮أԼɣŭȥ
մ
ĺ̲סЦС㣬ɻ㻹Ƕ°ɡҲΪĺһ롣
̫ƽתҪߡ
մе̫ƽ֪һҪҺӣҸ㣬ûܣһ˳ѺʱҾ̫ˡ
̫ƽдС֮ĶȾ֮Ҹ㣬Ҫ㣬ҾûҪĺӣ޹ġҲûԭغˣҪȻҪȥף
˵ҲŲء
̫ƽд¾Լס̥Ϊס˵̫ˡ
˵н죬ԼŬġ̫ƽҪ㺦ʧ̫ӣ޷ݡҪӲȡ̫һЦ
̫ƽ˵ӦøлҰ㣬Ұʧ̫ӣ̫ӸȢ㡣Զӽ
̫ƽˣǣⷬñˡ
󿴵գһ
տ˵̫ӣ㶼ˡ̫ƽƺҡ̫ƽǸĻŮӡ
ЦΣ̫ӾϲŮӡ㲻
տ˵̫ӡǣϲġ
˵ʫˡȻȾߡ
۾úһʫˣգǵ𣿡
һˡ
ʫЦҸһЩϣ㲻Ҫ
˵ҹȥûн飬޹»
ʫЦ֪иͬĵˣǾ̫ƽ
մ󾪡
ʫ˵ʵϴǴ̿͵£ҲҲ߻ġ
ʱѾ뿪̫ƽ˵ʫա
ʫҪˡ̫ƽԺ紵ðٻ㣬ʫûΣȻգ϶Ϊ£
ϴΣʫְϲ̫ƽӶҪ̫ƽ¶֡
ʱ̫ƽʵ̫СȥʫͶãáʫҪ£̫ƽʱûаѾȻѾʫĹϵһֱǺܺõġ
ΣʫΪκȻͱأ


245 游

ȻϤ̫ƽһ
ԭ̫ӣСӵİ£˹
̫ƽæŹϡ
㻻̫̫ˡ̫ƽЦȲɣҸݺ㰮ȵն衣
£ܹϴδ̿͵£ѾЩüĿˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷԸꡣ
˵ŷҺʫɳĴ̿̿͡Ǳץŷίǣɱڡ
̫ƽ˵Ҳµŷҡû뵽һʫ
˵ʫƺѾ¶ģͶˡ
ΪְĻ𣿡̫ƽЦְģǷǳӺģΪ˶ԸӺԣͶ󡣡
˵Ҳǰɡ֮ʫĸүӵкܶ̿ͣʫѻġ
ӵ̫ƽǳȻսȭͷ
ܹΪʲôʫĸס仯ôôˣ֡
ˣˡ̫ƽ̾˿ʫȥգŮֶκͿڲŶǳӺӦСĵ㣬ҪԸĿ꣬Ӻ
ڶ죬̫ƽոȥ̫ã̫˵ţѾȥҪزȸ£˹棬϶ڽ񳿺Ȼˡ
̫ƽ󾪡
̫̾˿ס̫ƽ˵̫ƽҪǿҲˣϽȥɡ
̫ƽ˲۾װſӡ
̫˵̫ƽȻȥᰧҺͻ϶ʹ͵ġ
̫ƽлȥˡ
ѾǰһƬ
Ұס
̫ƽ߽ȥʱѾǹߣ˵ϷѾ޵òˡ
̫ƽæȥһڵΧϷˡ
Ϸɫ԰סϹ˵ĸףˣҪ尡
ǲͣؿͷǣܱȴ˸һҲͷֻǰͷš
˵үӷˣүһߣ⸮ϵǶǲٳˡ
ܱȻ˵ֱӽӻ˵ҲǸ׵ĶӣҲŴһٳֵġ
ϰܱһܱۡ⻰˵̫˰ɣˣҺ綼ϣܹٳֵģҪæġ
⻰ڰܱˣܱûнӻ
˵ϣҲһƬ⣬αؾܾأƽҹ·æĸֲˣôĸϵ£ܲٳֵˣöܺͶðæ񲻸ã
ܱæ˵ǵģ硣
ʱϷ΢΢۾ĸסæǰ
Ϸ˵ϣҪѽ
Ϸֻᵽϣֲֻܱܱѻⲻڴܱ
д
˵׺Ȼȥˣҵʹ̣һӾʧȥĹǣҲ֪βٳϵˡ
Ϸ̾˿㲻ᣬǻ̫ƽ𣿡
뵽ˣæͷ̫ƽǰ
ĸףĸסŮˡ
Ϸ˿̫ƽæȥ̫ƽֽϷ˵С
ҶţҲûõЩӣ̫ƽǸϵĹܼңǴ˺ӣѾߣһ˶Ҫͬ⡣Ϸ
󾪣ǣĸף̫ƽֻһӡ
ǶҪҵĻϷ˵žͿ
áͬ⣬ȥϷ˵ı
ҼͬˣҲûвͬġ
̫ƽϷ˵˵ͷϷ˲̾˿Ļ˯ȥ
Ȼֹ˫һ̣һӡ
̫ƽ֪ǴܼҵĽӡ滹һӣȻǸⷿԿס
̫ƽ֣ؽӹʱüϳģû뵽ôҪˡ
Ϸֻн̫ƽŻġ
ǸϹүˡ
̫ƽ˱һָ㣬ܼҵҲѡ
ÿÿ˸ò٣мأȥ٣һҲǶ١
ֻǣȴֻܱЦЦˡ
̫ƽֻ֪Ųзˣж㣬鵹Ҳ˵ùȥǡ¶Ƕҷˣô˵ùȥ
̫ƽд֣ȥܱ¶ô£
̾˿˵Լˣһֱڴϣ˵һµؾͻʡǣ첻ǺúõģҿǾ̫ۣԸ
̫ƽĿϬдԲǣϹүĶϱùǲԼϹүĶϱԸȥˣߵķҲ࣬ȥ˻ھӪ
һ˼ǣֱӸϳȥ𣿡


246 

ôʲô𣿡̫ƽд
˵үո뿪Ҫ߶ˣǸҲͰˣһҪߣ񲻱Ц˵үʬδǶԼˡ
̫ƽд޷ߣߣҲҪǿи˵иѾߣֽ̻÷ǳյ̧̻Ϊɡ
ǣ̧̧̻ΪҲǶ˽°ǲò֡Ϊѵ
ò֣Ȼ¶𲡵ö޷ˡôܱȻû˷Ņ̀ú÷˼𣿶ˣ̧̻Ϊ̻֮ɣȻĲ飬Ҳֻˡ̫ƽд
ⷬˡ
ԭ˼̻¶ա
ˣ֡¶˳ҸͲģҵĿǰѶϳȥ˵ʵúõİѷھӪǸôôˣʵ̫ˣ⿿Ǽׯʵǲġ̫ƽдҰ˵ȥ
Ҳֶ֮ˣȻѾ̫ƽĻȥôҲвˡ
̫ƽһǱߴصĿ
һ¶ġ
ֹˣܹū˼Ҫ¶뿪¶Ȼǲϵġū̧ܱ̻Ϊ̫̫£ܱȻͬ⣬û뵽¶һըëˣϽĴӴҾ͸¶˵㾹ȻܴӴȴȥ飬ӾͲĶˡūҪȥ˭֪ܱд飬ݸ¶𡣲˵¶ʲôͶûйϵˡ¶캰ˣǿܱһҲûҪŹ¶˼
̫ƽЦһд¶ΪϷûаѲƲָﲻãԲ飬˭֪һ̫̫һб¶ȻǺˡֻû뵽ܱ飬ֱӾҪ¶𣬺¶Ʋϵ¶ǰʯͷԼĽţܡ
ô죿ǳµġɲá˵ԿηϷ˿ض
Ҳִ󣬿ǣٲһΣ޷ˡϹүʱٰܱƭӹÿ¶֧˺ܶǮ¶һҷÿµĻܶܶ࣬ټܱڹٳĴ㣬ԼҽӣǴӸϹõģֻǼ򵥼ˣ롣ҲѶϳȥһŵ棬պĸѶϣָι
ķڷ˵öԡ
̫ƽдʽ̧̻̻ɡ¶ܱôڡֵ̫ˣ˱˵ļʸ¡Ȼͺˡ
ָ˼ˣֻҪκˣԽԼºܶӡ
̫ƽǼӲ츮ϡ
ū͵ģ̫ƽ˹ȥ˵һ˵γͷиɻڿģ̫ƽͼǹ֮ūǷǳϲ̫ƽ̫ƽȻҲҿϽıġ
ȻҲɢ˵ѾߣŽ̲ĵġ
ͱ磬֮ǰѾߡ
վˣ˼Ը񶼺ԽԽˣ̫ƽ̫ƽǸư͡
ˣ̫ƽٿݣٸᣬҲ顣
ڣڱ󣬻˵̫ƽģľѾˡ
ǲıԼǱԹˣǱԹߡ
̫ƽѾڸĵͣǣǡ
ǡ̫ƽո˴ܼңߣ߰ǣᱻ˵̱ټϣ֮ǰʱ˵㣬ǡЩѾǣȴԵ±Թġ
̫ƽȥˣ˲
ǣ̫ƽѾȥүλɨҲλһЩƷ˶飬
ѾԺáͲ͵ЩΣ̫ƽʹʱŹǡ
˭֪Ѿûۼģúܡ֪̫ƽڿǣȻ͵鱦
̫ƽϴ˽ҷǣѵΣ˸߲
ŷӦмˡһѾ̫ˡ
ǣ̫ƽѾ˽Ʒ˸ϳȥˡ
¸̫ƽʱҶ֪̫ƽҲҲ̫ƽʼѭ浸أ̫ƽ񣬳ƺܼҺá
Դ̧̻Ϊ̫̫ȥ֮¶Ȼˣ̫ƽ֡


247 ְ

ʱ֮ǰ̫ƽڶѾСĹˡ
ղСıȹȥˣһ͸̫ƽ磬ֺõ˵ūڶҲЩʱˣɲԵڹ߰ūҲûṩʲô֤ݡ
ΪڶûҲܹ˹˵ɡ̫ƽ䵭
С˵¶ʧȥҷ˵λãûͳū澷̧̻ƣū澶һ󶾴򡭡С˵˵ţͿˡ
̫ƽдԣӦ취Ѷ˶ȥֻҪ˶ˣ˳»صҵߡͲٱǶˡ
Сʵūܣͽ̡
̫ƽ˿ڲдڶôˣѾиˡôˣҲʲô
и飬Ƕū澲Ǵūôиأ޷ƽ￴̫ܵϣūʵҲһ˿Ҳ±ԾһֱȵûйˡҲǱǶܲ˲ŹҲֻūܰˡСĿ޵һѱһġ
ˣҪȻһΪ۸һСء̫ƽӲ豭̧۾ĿϬд
СĻ䣬¶Լĺ׵ֱۡ
̫ƽдҿԸһ취¶ܱ嶯ǵ飬ҰܱϳҾͼһ󹦣ô
Сסˡ
һŮӣǺúץסԼһ󹦡ҵ߲֮Ȼ£͵ץԼ̫ƽд
Сˣлūȥ졣
ٿСĵıӰ˵С̫ᣬһȥ£𣿡
ҪأҪһ˰̫ƽд˼ֵݸ١ٵͷ
ֹ̫ͻϵˡүѾȥˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷٰɥҪȴӹгͷǮҲһˣɥ½֮ٿжĶָǣӵĶҪá
ͷˣʵǾַǳˡ
߹Ѿ֮ǰϹүͬŹˡ
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ǡֶֺͷӦˡ
ϣܱ̻Тվſڣ۾ģλŮ죬ͣز۾
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̫ƽڼԺĻݣΪڰɥ£ԡ̫ɫĻڵ˺Ժȥܰڵǰ
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248 ѻ

ʫϸؿ̫ƽȻ벻̫ƽѾ߻˵˵ⲻӽ̵ģѾĵأ
ǣ̫ƽΪʲôȻʫôأѵ̫ƽѾ֪ˣϴǴ̿͸ʫй
ܵİʫΣ˵̫ƽˣְĶ֪
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ʫˡԭ̫ƽڵͦȥ
̫ƽѾ߿治顣˵ܶ˿ǻᱻģʫ˾Ϊ̫ƽѾ߲ãû̫ƽЦ˵̫ͳϲҲǳϲãŮкܾǰأʲô
ʱְҲ̫ƽ¶ϲЦ˵ܹþò
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ʫɫˡ
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̫ƽֻǺܵȻص˵ͷûУͰͷת˹ȥ
ʫǳܡ
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ֻ̫ƽְĿһ֮󣬾ԽԽǣʱڼְĲ仹̫ƽ
ڼ̫ƽְľͱ¶˵ľϲ˿ûаʫ
ôʫأ
ְ˵þûǸϡİպ㡣
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ʵ̫ƽֻǹװ֪֣ɼ⡣
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̫ƽд̫ιԣһʱ벻ˣԭӡ
ְʧ˵㲻ȥİգҲҸѽʫҲġ
⻰ְжϣ̫ƽȥ찡
ʫɫٴα˽
̫ƽæдʱһȥģֻҲ֪Щʲô¡
⻰ʵˣְöʫҲö
Ȼʫͱ俪˵Ҹ׵ҲҪ
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ʵѻѧѾãΪȸһƼ֮ǰȸԼĹϵѻΪһû뵽ѻ̫̰Ϊ̰īɷ磬ϸְ¼á
ѻȻ𱨣ְݺȸȸͨѹӶү֮λ
ֳԼֳȡˣǰԼҲһĹ͡
뵽̫ƽսȭͷߺƽ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ܿ죬˱˵үˡ
ѻһ⣬һȺ˽
Դλúѻ飬µúܣŶܶ
̫ƽѻ˵˼Ҫѻ񣬶ѻеһԭȸģ̫ƽ̲סΰ쵽ѻһҴӴ˱ѩޡ
ǣ̫ƽѹסŭ
ʱѻȻ߹ʫ˵Ůʲô
ʫ˸ָƵ΢ЦףŮͺүһĿأˣʶã̫ƽ
ѻ̫ƽһۣܹá
̫ƽ䵭
ѻְֶ˵˼䡣
ʫ˵ףҾ̫ƽǻɰҽտ͸ǰýء
һᵽѻһ۹һסˣ׵ʫļЦʫཻҲǺõģҲܹҽտ̫ܹߣܹﻹӺδޣʵǾ
ְĴ󾪣ʲôܹӺδޣ
үôˣȻ̫ƽúӺոնףҲǺܵ͵ɺүӦҲ֪İʫ˵
ְ˵ҺӺ֪
̫ƽдҲүǿүλûðɣ
ʫѻ벻ô̫ƽȻ˵̫ƽǵı飬Ϊ̫ƽǶʱȤԼĺЦǵģѾ֮ˡ


249 

̫ƽЦǵģǰ㻹ֻһԼֳµķҪȸ㣬ͱϸְնףϧ
̫ƽ̲סд˵Ѿֹˣôǰ˭үأ
ѻʱסˣסˡɫǳѿ
λѻĲʰԣѻϲᵽ˭֪̫ƽĺĺģ
ǲ˵ҲУѻԡͼÿιȥ
ʫЦ̫ƽãҸ岻Ǻܺã˰죬Ҹ
̫ƽ˵ͷдҲ֪İôˣǲǻЩˣҲˣãǽᵽİաҾ뵽ˡ
ʫ˵ͷİպܺãأϧ̫ƽûġǲİոˣİ֪˿϶ܡ
̫ƽдˣٲˣǷ˵ĺӣأ
ְĻᣬȻҪʫѻߣ˺ʫþòӦöĵģٴһԼȥġ
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ְԹ㲻֪ˣʫʲôãǶһζûСֻҪһȥ飬һͱŮ˵ͳԴףɹġĺܡ
ˣүһɣҸȻȥˣʫȻˣְ뷢Ƣ˼ˡ
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̫ƽʱˣﰵЦְνתѵ̫ƽ˻
Ϊ˳ӺְľȻ̫ƽ˻飬Ļ̫ƽʧɶ
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ְˣҲͲ˵ˡ̫ƽ߹ȥ
ְĿ̫ƽ̾ĻŭţȻϲԣȴվ
̫ƽһӡְЦһӮģүΪʤˣܹǱѩ
̫ƽҡҡͷдˡ
֪ɲܹҸ棿ְĶ̫ƽ˵
Ц飬ѾҪҼҹŮȥ㸮ˡ
ְĺٺһЦɼҵĳĳѽʵңʫҲϣܹѽ
ʵ̫ƽҲȥǰӣʹӦˣҲҪ游ɥ°ȥ
ְĸ˵ˡ
˵ְĿ֣Ĵȥϣɵעһ㡣
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ʱٹ˵˹ˣָҪء


250 

ˣ
̫ƽܸˣΪ̫ƽҪҪء
󽫾ܱæӭȥǣ󽫾ȴǿܱһָۣյӦýӼ
̫ܿƽ͹ˡ
˴й֮󽫾Ϸôˡ
˵ҼĸԴҸ֮Ͳѡ岻ãԴϢ
ȻһշްնϷ˼أҲ֮顣󽫾̾˿ҲҪȥϷˡ
ӦˣǾʹ󽫾ˡ
ղţһֱڶ̫ƽüŪ۵ġΪֳҪ࣬вŲûж̫ƽЦȵһԶֻСһܹ̫ƽ־˵̫ƽþòЩ
ˡ֪пö̫ƽ˸
µŮӣݵ˵
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пģ̫ƽȻӦˡ
Ȼڴһεˡ
Ң̫ƽ̲סĿ¶顣
̫ƽдӺá
̫ƽڰҢ˵ҸѾݼ㸸ĸס
̫ƽ˵ͷл
˵ӣ㲻Ҫ̫ƽˡ̫ƽ᲻˼ģ˵ˣ̫ƽѾӺܲϣ˵лɣ
ⷬẈ̂Ңˡ
̫ƽΪ˱Σ˸뿪ˡкҢ˵
Ң̫ƽıӰĿȻȫˡ
ܹŵ£˵ûзǳֱӵؽҴˡ
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˵̫ƽոˣҲȥæ˰ɡˣҲЩҪˣ̫ƽ˵һ¡
æһߣ͵͵˵ⲻðɣ̫ƽġˣô죿
ųϣʲô취˵ˣǻ찡һأ˵žˡ
˶Сֱš
Ң˵ܹܹ
û˵
Ķˡ
ʲô


251 

ܿһ֧Ѫɺӣⲻ
ؼ¡
ҢݹȥһĻͲһɡ
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һҪǡȴҢӢ۾ǳһ㡣
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ͱŮһſҵĽţֻ̫ƽᡣҢ̾˿ϧ
ʵ㲻ҪôԱô˵ȻȳӣҲһǴġ书áҲúÿԸȻŤϻǲġ
˵Ļ𣿡Ңһ̫ƽãȻҲǱȱнܶࡣ
ڿأڿҽأԴ˵
СҢȻЦˡ
벻ҲЦˡ˵ƽʱںȻЦˣһϰߡ
ܹ˻ҪЦЦȽϺãȻ֪ϽЦǷǳûзִ¡
ôοˣ˵ֲģﲻЦ
游ˡ
ôҾӦӦÿ𣿡ܲ˵游ǰŮһۣҵ˵Ļûг䡣
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Ϊ̫㣬̫̫ƽд
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ܴ÷򣬱󣬺Ȼһƻ


252 ס

˵˵⻰ǾλΪүʡ
Ϊ̫˺ھΪ࣬ȥܶ˵ȥţҪ̫ˡ
ϲûʡ߻ΪʾǷ̫Ҳض췴
ȥ̫Լֱ࣬ϳԺ̫󽥽ȨתϵС
ʱʸӶɫսۣһģӿ̳һսֱ붨
񿴵ԼĴӹˣʱһϲ˹ȥսʵ˵þòɷˣҾ
˵ġȻˡʸ̾һ˵ˣϧ
Ҳϲãķ˻Ҳûмʱȵ㲻ңѾǺܰοˡذ̫ƽҲɵöʼ
̫ƽĸһĳ谮̫ƽĸҲˡ
ʱʺɣܱҲܱҲʾȻһЦ
΢̫ƽ׽ˣ̫ƽú֣ܱʲôʱϵˣ
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˵⻰ģǴպյ꽫Զ
þòԶȹȥӳˣô죬ֻһСսۣ滹ǿտҲ
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ǰ˵ʲôòʲôϣ͹ôḡ㸸׶ģûн
˵ô죬ʿ
ԶЦϡԭֹһ̫ƽӣ˵ôʲôô̫ƽˣ̫ƽԼΪʲô˵
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ԶŶ̫ƽûòһ˵Բ㳤̫ÿ̲ס㶯ֶŵģ㲻Ҫ⡣
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̫ƽ뿴ԶʲôԲܾḡô򵥡
ǣʱܱʽԼ̧̫̫̻˵¶Ҫչ磬ûʱ̻档
˵ʶһҽ˵ҽǳ˵ãܶ˶Ľǰȥȣβܸ㣿
ܱϲ˫ŲмˣÿնѻܵҽҽΡȻٺòˣҲ֪Ҫм㡣
֮ͣҳݡֶֻŮĽż²һܹúãҽ޾ġԡҪס֪㲻㣿˵
ܱûش𣬵Ͼ˵Ȼ㣬ܹҽĽżסǸϣкѣҾֻβã֮ǰҲǱҽһ̫ҽΣǲá
Ϊûҽѽʺĵ˵
ԶȻ˵ôǾΪżһ겻ǵǿϧˡ
ģȻ󽫾ܵҽһҽεúáܱ˵
̫ƽ̲סд壬ҽ˶ûмȷһκã
ܱһЦΪ󽫾
̫ƽдףǲסǸΪãڶһסÿչββϾͻصסȥˡ
ԥţ˵ṩסҪأԸҽεģҽҲǱȽϰģƽʱҲкܶԼҲûôʱġ
ܱ˵磬㣬סɡָΨһϣˡ
˵ͷá
̫ƽҪ˵ʲô˵̫ƽΪѾˣͲȰˡ
̫ƽʺԶܱȥˣȻһС


253 Ȼ

ʹΪհ϶ү
ǹνġҽס
ǣΪ˰̫ƽԶḡ̫ƽԴתƵ̫ƽע
̫ƽڿܺԶˣȻ͹˲ܱͷ
ԸβΪɣĿģǰ
Ҫʲô̫ƽʱ֪
ǣ̫ƽϴ뿪ʹʱͻȻ˵ϮղüĿЩֶˣͿԿѾԽԽ򵥣ҡìͷָ˶
Ľţ̫ƽСŪз˵ģôҽεúã
˵ˣ֮ǰѾҽβãʱȻðҽҽ̫ƽû˵
϶ʲôҽʵˡ
ȽˡΪһ£һֱұȽΣʱ˵ȻŲɣ̫ƽ֪ôȰҲȰסģԲܴ֡
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ȻûãҸӾˡ
ǹ˵ľҪáҽס¡
һ̣Ҫʼˡ
̫ƽ£̫ƽûѶ˶ϳȥأҲ⻹Ǹᡣ
һȥϹүҪɥˡ
ǣ˭û뵽ǣ̫ˡ
ңӺ֮
Ӻ˵ͨģϾ̫ƽӺδޡ
ӺòҪԹ
ǣ̫ݸ߹󣬴ˣǲҪԹģټ̫붨ûн顣
ǡȷԹˡ
ȻҶȥӼݣͻȻĵǳ档
ܱ顣
Ϊ̫ƽѾӺҲ֪̫ӺӺͣԣ󲻸̫顣
ǣû뵽հϹү֮󣬾Ȼ䷢һʥּ˵ͨѹ֤ȷ䣬ҪץȥļҾԼһвȷ棬ɶ
Ҷסˡ
̫ƽѵΪû
ôǡ
Ϲ´ޣǲǸˣҼ๫һ򰲷ؼ֮ǰȥֻ´󹦣ôͨѹأ
˵ʥּϰֽдĺǲţԿһ
ϲŽӹʥּ
ȻҼʥּģôʥּġ
Ǹʣ˵Ҹͨѹ֤أ̫ƽд
Ц󽫾ȥʱ򣬾Ѿ鵽ˡ
ԭǴһ̫ģǻϴӦġʺǸ̫͵͵񷿼ͨѹ֤Ǿһ麯
̫ƽдƾôһĪе麯жҸͨѹδ̫Щ
Цǻϵ˵˲ǻûֻүЭˡҪΪү֮ǰ˹»ǲô׷ŹЩүļҾǰɡ
̫ƽܱʱҶڰֻܱЦ
ܱһǻ˵˻ϣˣ߼޻үˣͲܼ̳жľλ
ԭûйȻϷ˵ӣܱܺöԸԭ
ֻ½ܱ̳жľλһﶼύܱ
̫ƽסˣ⾿ʲôܱȻû϶ܱ
ֻŻЭ£ܱԻ˳ŵɣ˶󲿷ֵĺô
ֲܱԴ̫ƽݺ翪ʼһֱ̫ƽܱѾɽˮ
û뵽ܱɽˮˣ躹ޣΪӪ
û뵽Ϲү󣬴ҶģܱȴʱȻһҧ̫ƽһֲ
֮ǰ̫ƽѴ󲿷ֵľõ˶ԸҺԼϡԼôһöӡ
ºˣ񱻹ˣȻʱڵ飬ڽڹϣܱѸٳ켺ܿͻᱻܱơ
˵ˡϾȻѾץס񣬷ܱͨѹͻᱻʵ
ǲԴԼ͵ġ
ң˭Ҳ֪ܱıж
˵ץϲﶼ治ܶϷϾ;ѹˡ
أϷ˴󺰴Уס
ϿŰ龭Ϸˡ
ҪϡҪϣԩôܻ£ݺѽϷ˵̫ƽأ̫ƽ̫ƽҵĲŻ̤ʵһЩ
ּæȥ̫ƽ
Щٱһһط渮ϵĲ̫ƽüͷ
Ϸ岻ãҪϷ˵ŲϷ˲أ
ʱһ˼Ҵҵܹ


254 Ȩ

̫ƽˣ֡
ԭϷ˽̫ƽϹȥ
̫ƽȥϷץ̫ƽֿ޸̫ͣƽô£㸸һǱԩģһҪΪ㸸ԩ
̫ƽ˵ͷдǣΪʲô׷һ麯ģ׵ķԿ׵ġһ˿òԿ׵ģΪʲôǸ̫һȥҵǷأ麯ʲôʱ򱻷Žȥģ
˵᲻ʵŽȥģ
̫ƽҡҡͷǸ̫ǻϵĸҲͷˣܸͬ۵ġ˵ˣҲûӡ֮ǰûģӲŽȥˡ
ϷԽɫԽǲ԰ף֪˭ǷŷŽȥˡ
˭̫ƽһ
Ϸսȭͷ˵֮ǰܱ˵ȥ񷿼Ҽ鿴ܱͰԿ׸ѾˣܱҪݺ񣬴Ӷıȡ˶үľλ
ȻƺΪӡ֤Ϸ˵Ļһʥּˣ̫ƽϷȥּҲȥˡ
ʥּ˵޹޵£ܱŸ߰˶ܱΪΪϹᣬӦ̳ϹүľλΪү
ʥּ꣬Ϸ˻ûнӹʥּ˹ȥ
һ󰧺ܱ˵ؽӹʥּ
̫ƽϷ˷ȥ
鷢̫ͻȻܶ˶û׼
ԭһʱȻסˣȥԺԺȥϡһʸ
̫ƽϷ˰ҩιϷ˺ȥϷ˸ոЩת˵ܱˡ
Ϸ˵Ŀʱó˳ޡ
̫ƽдĸһˣǱϣǱֶϡ
Ϸˣʵ¡˷ִˣȻҪһ̵̫ƽ˵úܶԡ
ǣԼƽһЩ
ܱˡ
Ѿǳʱ֣Хܱ˻ɫĺë£һ˿Тڼ䡣ϡҲǻϲɫ
Ϸ˶ܱҶܱû˵
ܱϷЦĸףҲĶӣǴ磬Ҽ̳˾λǸ˵ģԲԣ
Ҫʲôʽ̳еλϷ˵˵
̫ƽϷЩۣϷһˣҪƣΪˡ
ܱ˵ĸˡӼ̳λǻϵ˼
Ϸ˵ðɡôΪʲôأѵΪ˰ϴ𣿡
ͨѹʵı£ֻҲǾȲˡܱ̾˿ʼ塣
Ϸ˵ǳЦģǳЦǵģЦ̫㣿ȻΪң
ĸףѵǲΪʲôҪұƳɻأܱè޺ӣ۾ᡣ
Ϸ˴Ц̳λܶණҲòߵģͱ󷿵ḷ̫́ܶƽĸµļױ㣬ûʸߡ
⻰Ѿвˡ
ܱЩ˵ǰɩɩˣΨһŮ̫ƽûмˣȻܹɼױߣǰɩɩͥϡ١Ȼġ֮Ϸôܸ
ϷЦˡϵȥʱ˵ļױȫ¸̫ƽġ
Ѿһտӡ⼸ʮ꣬ȻϷ˺̫ƽһ֧ţκΪճӵǺѶ֮ˣɽˡ
ȢϡССȻûжֵǮļױ
ˣ̫ƽĸסҲԭļױάճˡ
ˣϷ˵ϵЩױӲڶǲѾ˳ؼ̳оλܱܱôưոأ
ܱȡүľλһΪ£ҲΪ˻۴ǮƣⶨүҪʼĿҪԼǮóάֵĻ϶ǿġ
ܱɴ⡣
ǣϷ˵ܱ˵˭˵Ļȴֳɡ
̫ƽûޣȻûлȨġǣ̫ƽҲԲĸĲƲܱߡ
ʱϷ˺ܱ˺ܾãûеóȻǲɢ
ҹ̫ƽϷ˵ķϷãϷ˺ܶ࣬̾˿˵ܱڸ˲صĴۣ׶༪ˣܱͱˣҲֻðĸܸˡ


255 ĸû

̫ƽŰٻ֯ëǾѣ洩ŰٻקȹׯţʱҲһĸʲôܣ
Ϸʾ̫ƽ
̫ƽϷ˵֪𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷ
ĸסϷ˵˵
ʲô
̫ƽʧɫôأ
Żܰĸ𣿡̫ƽдΪҲԣϴΪƺšǣȻǻôĸأ
Ϸ˵˵ͷΪԭĸãԭˣĸ׾빬Ϊƣûκ˻ɣھŻӶûлɹ
̫ƽдǡĸĸײҵʱ򡭡
Ϸ̾˿ĸ׻ʱһƬĸĹȡӰ̥ĸҲˣ뿪㸸סɣƣҪӺĸףĸ׽ƾͼƣ뿪˶ʹһֱڡ
̫ƽɴ۾ɵдŻʵĸ׵ֶˡ
Ϸ˵˵ͷǡܱͱˣĸ׵ļױҪռԲѣҰܸ֪㣬мǣɸκˡΪĸǶһˡ
ĸ˼Ҫҡ̫ƽдҪŮȥʹĸ𣿡
óȻȥʹ»ĸѱǣҲֻĸ׿ԾȵЩӣܱѾǶүϾ϶¡£ҪЩ𣿡Ϸ˵ȥĸס֪£Ȼֲκɡ
ĸңҲĸ׵ңڻ𣿡̫ƽú֣ȻһԽûֱ޸˻ϺͶӣôӦúԺղŶԣοǹա
Ϸȴҡҡͷĸһ㣬û֪ңҲͲˣΪֻŮУ˶
ǿϧˡ̫ƽ̾˿ǣϷ˱̫ܿƽעӣȻãϷ˶̫ƽһ
ҾŮУǻֶôܾ˼һ㣬ʧأ
̫ƽΪ˲ĸࡣѰҹңǣһ֪
ȥ˼һ˶ûСǣȻϷ˲Ը˵̫ƽҲʡ
ʱܴŶԽϸ£̫ƽ̫ƽǿɵˡ
Ϸ˵̫ƽȥɡúһȽϺá
Ϸ⻰Ҫ̫ƽ˶Ŀ˼
Դ˵ĸΪʲôҪȥʹ
ϷЦܹԣ̫ƽ㰲žˡ
̫ƽֳܵȥԺ˵Ңˡ
ʲôܲм˵ȳֹʲôǰոѵ̫ƽ𣿡
̫ƽдܣ˵ˣǸˡ
ǣŮ
Ǹε꣬һ໨յǳǳغȲ衣
յɫĲҶɹӳҢľѡ
˵Ҳ֣Ң֣ȻЩǣȴȽ̣кԶĴк
̫ƽ㸸׵Ѿ˵ˣҹܲܰϵæҢϵ˵Ŀ¶ŹģҪѹ̫ƽ֪˭ֲסģ̫ƽǿģһͦȥ
̫ƽøжøжӣлл㡣д
ҲжˣӣԭôҶӡԽԽˡ
Ң˵˵Ķģ̫ƽǺܼǿܼǿ
˵벻ȳӶô
̫ƽһдܡ˵ӵġ
Ңɫ䣬ѾϰˣǲΪҵģ̫ƽֻǵ㡣
æ˵ԲӣĵġҲ볰Ц㣬ֻ˵©ˡ
û˵ҵȷǸȳӡҢϣȻ¶Цݡ
ܴһȳӲӦöôҢֵ˵ǿ
ͺһ泯̫տԶ΢Цġ
Ϸô¡˵ʵҪ˵̫ƽˣҲ֧ŲסˣǼЦݣ֪Ϊʲôҵʱͺԭ˾ܵء˵̫ƽ㣬ҺȻ˵ĶԡǺܺúܺõġ
Ңˣ̫ƽ˵𣿡
ȻƭʲôܺȻҢ˵䡣
̫ƽʱȴ˵񣬶ѾǲĵطܶԶͶԶɡ


256 빲

Ңæǰס̫ƽ˵ʲôҪˣ̫ƽѡԵ߲嵶ǡ
̫ƽüͷд㲻֪ϣҲӶΪһƻеӡϷ˶ûа취αʱ̲νأ
ֻҪܹܰ㣬ҾԲνҢ˵˵ˣ죬ҲҸġ
Ȼٹ˵ةˡ
㿴ȹ͵ҢЦ˵ܹȥʱҸ׿ܹ֪ǸܺõŮӡҸ֪£һУɹѹءҲͬʱעܹɹѹءܹﲻҪܾ
̫ƽرжˣһ˵Ůӣǡˣ̫ƽǱԵ±Թжˣǣ㸸ֻǸҴִּһΣ֪Ʒأ
Ҹ˵Щ˺ܼ򵥣ֻҪһͿ˽͸Щ˺ܸӣദضδܹ˽⣬ܹȷʵǰߡҢЦ
˵ˣӣô𣬱ˣҼ̫ƽ㣬ѾǱ˵δޡôĿ佱²ðɣһӺԴô죿
Ң̾˿˵Һܹ֮װףؿɼӺˣҲûʲôɼ˵ġֻǣһҪһ£Ӻô̫ƽġ
̫ƽ̾˿дӣ鶼ȥôˣ벻㻹˽黳°ɡӡĺδ޷ݡǿԳΪҪõѣ߽Ϊá
Ңæܹֻһ˵ˣѾˡ㲻Ҫѹͺá
ЦҢôǻԽԽҢɰأ
̫ƽԳӭةࡣ
ةιû֪ᶨˣϷ˶ûиߣֱ˵̫ƽġ
ֻΪ񶨹Ѿܱ£ةҲǳ͵ֻͨΩ
סҢ̫ƽæ
ڼ˴ة࣬ɵþ֮̾ǰ褺ܵ˵ةѧϰԭҪһݣû뵽һةȻѧʶţ¸ء
ҢЦҸ׻û˵أô֪ѧʶţ¸أѵῴ𣿡
һƲƲ첻˵Ҳῴ࣬ǣһƾоңҵĸоһǺ׼ġҢȻģȻߣ
ة˵Ңôûòġ
ǣסҢܹɵӦܶø
Ңܵһи鲨ɶûиоģֻ̫ƽһˡ
̫ƽةһ𣬿ʼ¡
ܾͼҢԺΡ
ϷǳܱѾѺܶ񣬶ܱˡ֮ǰҿܱڻߣϴģ;û顣ǣû뵽ô졣ة˵ʲô취𣿡
ֺܱûϣȴΪܱԸݺҸסҸ׿үүĵճӣֻĪе²ܶ´֮ڡðôķգһҪܱΪʲôϣܱΪү֮󣬴Ϊ£Ҹ̫Уȫڻϣ֮ǰͶζײϣԻϲŷҸײãѡܱ
ܱ춨һǳΣյľءة˵£ֲȫ˺Ӧסܱͼ֮
ǵġ̫ƽ˵ͷд
̫ϲ㣬Ӧ̫æة˵£ƺлû˵
̫Ѿڲ鵱ȸһ˵Ҳ֣ȸĵܵѻڵܱͬķʽıԼֳ˹үλã˵ķȻǴͬС죬һţǻϾȻҲš̫ƽд
ȸܻةȻ󾪣ܹ֪ǺҪȸ߹֮࣬ϣڱ߹ܿ࣬ԶЩʳЩӸ߹صĹٱѹٱùϵ֮취ܶ࣬ؾǡؾǣɡ
ΪΣ̫ƽǳ֣ΪʲôСҲ˵ڡةҲ˵أ
̫ƽǵúСҲ˵ҪȸؾǡҪȻȸڱ߹ءǿ˵㣬ٻܻš
ة̾˿˵ܹ֪꣬ȸԭҪˣǳƴȣҪˣΣǿڳϣŹȸһӶȸȥ˱߹ص𣿡


257 ȸ

ҵȷǺǳΪʲôҪôҸ֮佻ô𣿾Ȼ飿̫ƽһ鲻򵥣д
꣬޸ְ֮ΪְĺȸϵãԣĸĸףϵҲȽ١
ܶ顣ְͨתġ
ˣΪȸȻ˵ͨѹôһı˲룬ǰԼĲ֪
ة˵һֱǳȸˡ
Ͷ֣Ϊ롣
һȸĲŻأѾĵزأ
̫ƽ֪ǰԼҲʲôߡ
ǣûаһˡôΪȸͻϸ緭أ
̫ƽûʱЩ
ô˵һֱҪȸ𣿡̫ƽдȸھûݺˣϲö֣ȸҲ
ԣʵڱ߹һԱǳšة˵ʵȸȥ˱߹أҲҪȡȸҪгڱȸȸ֮ˡ
ϾȸʲôĳҪأ̫ƽҲѡ
ة̾˿ԭҲ֪
̫ƽдǣ̫Ѿڵ鵱ˡѵ̫Ҫ𣿡
̫ƽ֮ǰ֣Ϊľ̫ȸѾ̫ĺˣȴ̫Ҫ飬ôأ
ûϵ಻ôײģҪȻƽˡة˵ܱҲ˵ѻݺȸͬ£ܱѻʶ
˵˼ǡܱѻĽ飬뵽𣿡
ȫܡҲֹһοܱȥة˵
̫ƽĿϬȥΪԼܱңڲףԭǡ
ԭǰĳһġ
̫ƽʵҲѻͻϣְģʫ
Щǰĳˣأ̫ƽĳ˾Ȼϳһˡ
⣬ѽ
ة̫ƽֿЦģΪ̫ƽˣ˵ܰﶨģϵĳӣ飬֤ġ
ҪةˣǲҪɡԼԼ̫ܽƽܾˡ
ةûнӻ£ǹܶˡ
̫ƽةȥϷˣȻ̫ƽةϷԼȥܺҢ
ǣȴôҲ
֣ܴȥأ̫ƽ
ĺܹ˵ˣˣڵˡ
ˣô˵ģ̫ƽæϹȥ
һ¶ŵʱȴ漱Ҵҵ˳
ߵ̫ˣײ̫ƽ
ȵ淴ӦȻһһȻˡ
̫ƽúһ
һڹһİǱȹСԲͻȻģǰͻԶԶļʸϮ˶಻ԡ
ΪСΡ֪˭ɵģȴ֪ôɵģҲ޴Ӳ֤ˡ
ϡȻôΣյİʲô˵Ѿʲô
̫ƽĺæץס档ߡ
ǣƴҧġĺûץˡ
Ҫ׷ˡ̫ƽдȻǰߡ
ء̫ƽһ
ҢڵϣѪȾһ·
ܽؿˣȴ޲ߣӣ㲻ҪŻң㾿ôˣ
̫ƽæȥҩ䣬ҢȽм򵥵˿ϴֹѪ
Ңź˵㣬˵ҺҶ£ǰû䵽ҺࡣҪȻұˡ
ʲô£̫ƽд
ʵҺɹ̫ȻɳһԲԲĶˣһ£ɻûжȥǶֱֱشӵĺϡӾ͵ˡ
ҢǸԲԲİ˵ְƽ˵ȥͿأΪС񣬵ȴû֪֪˭һҪҵ˭أ
̫ƽղŴҴ뿪棬ʱˡ
ɵģ
֮ǰ̫ƽòʧȥ˫ţź˾Ϳʼı
ΪҢҪ̫ƽڱˡ
˵Һ㣬ңͲЩǲ֮ˣ㻹ǸϽ뿪Ұɡ̫ƽ̾һд
ܹΪ˵ҰŶûкڡܹǲ֪˭ɵˣ


258 ʧ

ҢɫȻ˵
̫ƽͷдɵġ
ҢսȭͷΪʲôҪң
ˣ̫ˣղһ²ͳˡУһҪȥĸһҪͷ
̫ƽסˣдãûõġڸϡܱΪܱĵӣȻᱻܱšϷѾκβܱˡ
ӾͰװǿôةཻأ˹Ϊ˰ǣة࿴ԼĶˣ𣿡˵˷߷߲ƽ
̫ƽЦдô˹أⲻõķ񰡡
̫ƽ㣬ȡЦҡֻǾ°ˡҧС˵
̫ƽдոû˵װӣڡʹΪˣôܲҶأ
ܷǳ˵˵̫ƽ㡭
Ңæ˵û£ǲҪΪҵˡȥ·ҵҲġ
ӣģұػΪһҲôֱֹһ̫ƽдһȡ
̫ƽҪðˣ֪ʲôҲϣΣաҢæ˵ûйϵֻС˰ˡһëӣȻκβҵģҴ˴ܿĿҲǲġ
ʱܱȻˣܱһģȻة࣡
ԭܱ˵ةˣϷ˷ҡⲻžˡ
ة൱ܱҲЦŵģȻǵˣǣЦĻҪЦ
üŭĿ⡣
ҢôѪˣةһ
ףû¡Ң˵
ܱܵ˵Ǳİ˵ģ
Ңæ˵ǵģԼġ
ܱˣˡϰйӾȻӣҲúýѵ
ϣˣ̫ƽԹۣ뿴ܱϷҪݵʲôʱ
˵ӵĺô£ܱŭ
ں˵˭̫ƽ۸ң
ô˵ӵĺŪ˵ģܱҪ棬ǴҶˣⲻӰˣܱΨһĶӡ
ܱ֣˵ˣܱشִԼжأ
滹ܱܱ߱˵ϽӵǸƽôģ˺ĳʶ
ֻöҢ˵Բ
ǸҲ㣬ǰӴѪˣõʲôҽһ߷߷߲ƽ˵
ةԼӱҲǳܣҲûֹ档
˵ûðûУûСÿ˶۸ңҡ
ܱȻЦӣһȥһúýѵӣǶԲˡ⺢ӾԴ̫ƽ㳳һ֮˭ӽ̫ƽҪ˭ֻ̫
ܱ⻰ڰο˼ңʵھҢҪ̫ƽߵ̫ҪȻԺͲǱôˡ
⻰֮ҢʹҶˣҢҲûᣬֻ˵ûйϵСֶ֮ѣԺҸ棬˵Ҳء
⻰Ҳвܱˣ´οܱɥʧҢ¡
ܱˡ
ة˵ʱˣҢҲˡ
Ңй񣬾ǰߡ
ϵģҲϽСķȣҲǳзȡ
ܱ˵һòˣĺγûк·أ
ةһĪǱܱʲô
̫ƽдǡ
ܹ㻹ǺúչԼɡĸʵ̫̫ƽˡҢָɣ
̫ƽ̾˿ûа취ԩһŮӼңҲֻǿˡ
Ңܱ˵ûйϵ컹㡣
̫ƽ˵ˣҲ㣬п̫ƽȥҢģҢʱˡ
ܱ̫ƽҢʧıӰĿԽԽ
ףո㾹Ȼңû˭Ңǰ̫ƽҲѵ۸ˣί˵
û˵ֻ̫סˣҢһȳûʲôôõģӦôӦҢĸסֻǹ˶ѡܱ˵İ׶㣬㾹Ȼɼ书С׶㱧кܴϣȴ˵ܲ𣿡
˵ףˡ
ʱ̫ƽѾҴҸְĵĺ


259 

̫ƽΪҪȥָأ
ԭ̫ƽյְĵţ˵ĺİյòˣҪΡ
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Х
̫ƽֻ˵·͸Ϲȥ·ϣȻ⣬ˣˡ
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ĺ˵֪ˣ
˵ӡ಻᲻ᰵʾ㲻Ҫȥ
̫ƽҡҡͷдѻ죬˵˵ô᲻أ˵ǲҲҪȥˣ㲻ҪȰˡ
ЦҪ˵ǹֺүĺӣǺáܿˣū澵ģӦ취˾ȥȰҪ
̫ƽдƽ⣬ԣҲһҽ
ЦСİյĹĶˣūūҪٲ֪Ͷ಻ְΪƽʱȥĵطһ㶼ū澣ֻΣΪ˱֤һʧȻҪūˡū澴Ͳ³İСӶԹҪˡ
˵û˭ūΨһҽġҴ֣ûβõĲ̫ƽд
л佱ūһΪ
ǣǰˣôָܵأ
̫ƽţˣܹ񲻾ƣȽϳ죡
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̫ƽ޸ԼһֻҲȥǣٲ̫ƽϣһߣС֮ǰѧġ
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˵ܹ滳ôġ
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𣿡ʡ
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˵Ȼʱ̫ƽĵİɵؾˡ
ĹǣûмصĹ
ܿ͵ְĵļſڡ
ܲɵǣáʫϧŸӣһ黨·˳
һ̫ƽŤһɴ۾ȥȻϼⲻ̫ƽʲô̫ƽˣ
˵ӺûòôֱСأأ
ϧȴѾܽڣͨȥˡ
ܹôԾȷҪȥ𣿡ʵ
̫ƽ˵ͷְĵļͲôԾ
⻰ôôʵܹĪǷǳ˽ְĵļ𣿡
̫ƽдְĵļһֻĸϻڣʲô£Ҫ𣿡
Ǿ֪Ҷ˵ʫһͻݵˣôĸϻأܹǲˣǿʲôˣܾã̫ƽֻҪһᵽְйصͱˡ
֮ǰС˵Ҳ̫ƽϲְءҪȻΪʲôֻҪһᵽְģ̫ƽͻšֻҪһᵽʫ̫ƽ̣޲Ҫʫɱһ
Դ֮ҲͶ̫ƽ۲죬ʱҲ̫̽ƽȻ̫ƽᵽְĺʫʱı֣С˵һģһ
СӣʥȻɰƵס
ǣ̫ƽſǻְľͳˡ
ְĵĽŲܿ죬Сųġ
Ϊһ֮һһү˵һŮӹȻֳ˷ܣܲ˹Ǻְĵݲϰ
Ȼְ֪ϲ̫ƽ
ܹˣҵȺʱˡְľȻ鲻Խ˵
̫ƽ˵үֻǹ˵ģΪһҽߡ
֪֪Ƚ˵𣿡ְЦġ
ò˵Ȼ˽ְ꣬ıĻǺܺõģƤ۵ĺʮ߰ɡ
Ҫְѻ飬¾ǲ֪жŹҪԴ޵ָȥ
ٿ̫ƽְķǳ䵭żЦҲǷ곡Ϸ̫ƽ۵ְӶġ
̫ƽ̫أȻ̫ܿƽϲְĵġ
ʱ̫ƽ١ָ߽
ոһŲ


260 ʼɷ

ʫˣŰƽڴһȦ˿÷°һ޻ȹ
ĴŴȫӵҲܶӶƲ۾
ǹȥְġ
ְĺ̸ۼ޵ʱְĿʫǻʶƲ۾
Ѳְĵϲɡ
ɽ㡱޽ְĵļְľ;ãɽ㾹ȻҲǷˣȷ˺á
ְˡ
һʹ˼ìܶԿְ֮ڶʫʧȥʸУְĲϲʫˡ
û̫ƽĳְ֣ĲϲʲôŮӡ
Ȼʫ͵ŮӣְĴϲٵ룬ְĶŮӣѾʧȥġ
ˣָϣʫְûб檡
ҶΪְҳʫԭְǱʫˡ
ǣʫȴְ֪ΪʫְͲʫֱ̫ƽְĲĿꡣ
ԣʫǳ̫ƽ
ѾٴιʱʫԥѡһԸ̫ƽ
ΪģֻΪʼɡ
ʱְĴſȸԽխ䳤ڴһȦҶΣ°ڴһȦ߹ߡһϬǴɫĳڽѥУʫǳˣϢͦͨģܹŸ֪ˣ
ʫί˵үҳӭͣΪ㣬ȻĻܹǸϣŮȴҪд񲻾𣿡
ְ˵ܹϲ裬ȥ׼ɡ
ְľȻ̫ƽϲʲôҶ֪
ʫ󷢣Ҳûа취ֻ۾ˡ
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ˡ
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ˮǹ̵ġϣûбˣҲضҪˮݵġ
̫ƽۼֿ죬ʱܿˡ
ȻܿΣգȹӻǱŪʪˡ
ʫæǸԲ̫ƽãҲǹġ
ְĲȻŭʫǹģΪܹ
үҡ
ʱ˹˵үˣСֿˣҪ
ְĲͷ˵ʫĸ׵ģϽȥɡ
ʫȥ̫ƽ̫ƽְ˽һʲôԲʫ£Ųߡ
̫ƽǹİաҲͷϵʫȥİգ񲻰ͷںӵϣ
æдүռȻҹİգΪҽβģҸһȥɣһء
ʫæ˵Ҳ˼İǷʹмģҹȥҲûа취İ
ְ˵Ȼˣܹҹȥߣ£ָһŵġ
ȥ㹫ӵĲɣŵʱ˵ɡ̫ƽдʫԼ̫İˣæ˵ʵұҲǲġֻ˵ʫǳСӡ²ʫˡ
⻰ʫʫʾԺӺá
ʾӰ¡ʫܵ裬ͻӶİպá
İյķ
ƹ谵
İճԽԽְģֻǡǱȴһģһ
̫ƽֻһۣۼˡ
ǣֻܰѹסĵļİհ
İԺп̫ƽһۣͻ˯ȥˡ
̫ƽİղȣֱϻ࣬⵽Ű
˭ҶİŰ
̫ƽҲ̲סˣУҪİմָ뿪ħĵط
ǣôܴİأ


261 İС

̫ƽһƣдβúأһʱβð
ְ˵ǾܹҽΡ̸֮侹Ȼϲɫƺܸܹ̫ƽ
̫ƽﲻɵ޳ܣԼĶӲأȻˣ
ʫȴˣ๫˼̫ƽһСҵġƽʱɶأʱʱ̿Ǻأ
̫ƽûдǿϧѽСܹͺˣҾͿʱظӶҲʫĸ
ʫһЦ̫ƽǺý鰡๫磬Ͱİո͵ɡ
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ʫЦأ˻ءҴ˺ӣҵĸҸл㶼֪ôлأ
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ĶӣԲԣְˣѹ˺ܾõŭڱҪΪҲ֪İϵ˶ģ˵Ѿ߲Сû׼ˣôϻô˺ۣŰұҲ뵽ѾôŰأֻ˭
ʫ˵๫ΪʲôҪ˵أ
ˣΪǰά磬ôġҲֻҾ㣬İû¾ͺãаأһ㣡ְĴŭ
ʫʵү֪İձҪҲ˵ҡչİô᳤˰װ֡ϲ
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ְһԾܹлΪ̫ƽΪְĽΧҪġ
ʫ̫ƽ䶼Ϊ˻ʫЩж֮ǰҪɱ̫ƽɵһΡ
£ְҲͬˣİס
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̫ƽдʫ㣬ȻʱѾΪãҾԶû㡣ϣҲҪˡ
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ʫİյͷһܡ
̫ƽҲûʾİչģˡ

̫ƽţء
İһ
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ɲƽܱ¡̫ƽÿ춼ҪܱȴҪİͽ
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̫ƽֻܰİͽΣյĶ̫ƽһֱšİձ۸
뵽İССͣҪôʹ̫ƽôܲʹǸʹǡûа취İգԶΣգ
٣ڻУ
ҪİСס𣿡̾˿˼
Ѿˡ̫ƽд͵ң̫ϲİ˰ɡ
˻ù̫ϲְˡ˵
ΣҲ˵Ļ̫ƽдԶףİնжҪ
ˡ
İճ뿪ָ˼ҡȻǾúܣǳ£ûϷˣѾ߶İնȥ
̫ƽЦдİձ¡ɵӣԵڼ
˭İ̲סʵգŵĺ۾
̫ƽȥдǰˣԽ̡
ңϣѵаҵ𣿡İտɬ˵ƭˣ
仰̫ƽᣬдң費ãҲáΪҵԵ֣ע
ҲšİջǶ档
ٲͷ˵ǹû˸ҽΣ鷳Լ㻹˵ǹûн
̫ƽŭ٣һūô˵ģȻİֻ꣬Ҳӣİ¹Ǹ


262 һᰮ

İôû뵽̫ƽΪİԼū澣İմǲ˰ĺӡ
ȻкӣǣְƽڼڼҲֻѾǣİսôˣٱİա
ںʫõʱ򣬻İյͷ͸İһóԵġ
ʫ鲻áİվʫĳͲ
ǴǶ
İϵ˺۶Ǳʫġ
һΣְпİϵ˺ۣİԭܸˣΪҵΪԼˡ
˭ְ֪ʫô£ʫ˵Ѿ߸ġְľȻҲˣѾȴûдʫ
һİնָ˶¼ˣôСҳߡ
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ΪСǱְְԽԽˡ
ʫְĲˣ͸ӵضİա
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İղؿ̫ƽ
̫ƽ߹ȥİѾˡ
ǣǺһֻСһš
̫ƽѾİǰˣİ̧¶˵̣ǲҵģ
̫ƽһİգΪʲô˵أ
ûסİ˵ʫĸңҰûа
ԭʫİյġ
̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
ʵʫİʫǺ裬İҲǲ֪ġ
ϾѾû˻ǵãְиˡ
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ʫȻܶİպãʫûкİնллˡ
ʫһ˵࣬СС͵İ˵ǶôĴ
ڡʫİյĸףİտˣʫŻ֡
ʫĮ˽Щ̬ˡ
ֻҪΪԼĿ֣ʫȫ԰ԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϵġ
İգڸ㣬Ҳģá֪ߵ˶㲻ã㲻ҡκˡãûаǣԸһλᡣұ֣Ҹ֤绹ǻ˰ģòã̫ƽ˵ˣû˵ô飬Ƕİգѿڶ˵Щġ
ɽ˺ĶҪ棬ΪİǰӰ
ǰһ̣ԼʸǣԭѡԼģǣӲǰϣԼӡ
Ȼڲ֪Ͼһȥ˺δǣȻİվߣ̫ƽȻ߾еظңİգӴ˲ٵ¡
ĻҺ𣿡İ̧ͷССԴƻ
ΪӪİֻԴ壬ڿͷ
ְĴǰ˵İӲűȽϿɰȴ֪Ӫı֡
̫ƽİյ˵ͷ
ʱ˵Сӣǹɡǹҽһ԰Ĳκã֮ǰİ˶Ҳǹõġ
İհŰɵؿ̫ƽѾ˳
̫ƽȥһѾͰİոסˡ
ĸˣƽһ˵ؽӵ
ȻİջЩϰߣ̣İҲȾˡ
İտˣ̣֪𣿴û˱ҡӵĸоá
̫ƽ˵ͷֻҪпվͱ㣬㲻Ҫ̷ͺá
£̫ƽİԼķūԼĴߣڷһСӽԺİСӵĳԴöȶһǳԵĶҪԶǿף
ūȻ֣ɶҲ̫ƽγĬ̫ƽȻԭ򡣲ҪʡֻܷӾˡ
̫ƽѾ߰褺Сʱ·͹İϱ˱ȣСܺأȻʽ˵㡣ڳµ֮ǰȴô
̣ѾܺÿˡҪµˡİ·ӣ̾˿Ȼǵӣ褺·ԱԼĵθߡ
ʫϲİմ̫ÿԣǸİմһ·
ְʫ˵ûȥ棬̫Ҳڼﴩһ㡣İռصƷ˵ˣС̰棬װ·ŪŪˡõϴŪ˾Ͳܴˡ˷ѰΪ๫ּңԣİˡ
ˣһļֻҪǲڼСİմĶ˵·
ö֮СİԼҲԼһˡ


263 

ƫƫְĻãʫ˵öԡȻʫİţԼ׶Ӵ˵·һֱôá
İҲٱְıʫİյõǷǴ
İղȱŹء
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ϣг˳ӣİϱȻȻȥ
İպܺߣȽϿܡ
̫ƽЦҪ£ûµģֻǸ˳ߴ磬ø·
̡Ҫ·𣿡İʣĿﺬڴ
Ȼ̫ƽ˵ͷ
İվȻ˵̫ˡ˻Һˡ
û뵽һ·Ϳİ˸ˣ̫ƽ۾ʪˣİգңһжġ
ʱϷ˹˵˵ְĵĶס˶һ
̫ƽдˣӦôȥϷ˼һ
Ϸ˭İʵ
̫ƽЦϷ˰һλǳ飬ʱҲȽ̫̫
İԴƶǶص˵ͷ
ϡ
İ̫ƽ֣Ѿû֮ǰľͺ£ֱģǳɰ
ЦСӿѾɺܶˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
İջعͷҲЦ
İϣһ㶼ûйӸİ˯ãرº͵Ц
˵ЦǰߣȻӲݴӳһʯͷǸʯͷİӹģ̫ƽֿ죬Լһסİաʯͷ̫ƽĺϡ
˭ĺϳ˳ȥڲݴץס档
̫ƽת⡣
ʵ̫ƽͲµˣôĶֶ񶾵µģ϶ܱĶӣ档
湫ӣΪʲôǹ´ζ֣ĺʵ
˵ֲ̫ƽֻǿǸС̫ƤˡһӶѣ˭̫ƽԼΪסˡ
̫ƽλعͷд⻰˵ĺİְĵĺӣȻҲǸϵϱסǸϣôܹҪʯͷأⱾǴģ㵲סˣֻǲ´ѣ㷴ҪǿʶĺɣϷ˸ǰҲ뿴ʲô
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ͷȴİ˵̣ΪҾȻʯͷ
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İȴ̫ƽ˵ʹ̣һࡣ
Сӣ㾹Ȼడһ
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İ˵ȥʫҰ࣬ÿ춼ҪΣַҲ̻ҵġ
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İղˣʫŻİգİղԱ˵ԼŰ
Ȼİղ˵̫ƽҲʣ˰֣˵һ䡣
ڽȥ·Ҳûгʲôˡ
ȻϷ˵ķڵˡ
İտϷˣЩ£ڵõ̫ƽЦ֮İվҲЦǰϷ
Ϸ˱üëģǿôɰġòĺӣ̲סЦұǺƯĺӣְĵĶ𣿻ǳøְĺ񰡡
İ߹ȥϷһ§ڻ
ÿǺܺÿ˵㡣Ϸ˵̾˿ûĺӱӾͿˣȻٴ󸻴Ҳ󲻵ͷȥǱռˡ
̫ƽдĸСոտ޹أٳʹˡ
Ϸ˵ôôСĺҲ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷ
Ϸ̾˿˵ҲõְæٷƣȻֲ̫ʱԼĶӣʫЫˣȻҲԱ˵ĺôãԣ̫ƽԭİմǸȥ𣿶𣿡
̫ƽһϷô֪ǵ˵ͷ
Ϸ˵ȻˣҲǿˡİյĿ⣬˼˿
ʱͷȻһ˽ˡ


264 

ܱ
һҳɫۣϹ񣬺±˲֪ĵλжƵġ
߽ʱϹյЦûڣ˵СëӣžͲϲ
Ϸ˵ְĵĶӣľǿˣô˵һûС
ԭְĵĶӰܱ̬ôȻȥҪȥİա
İոܱһӵĿ⣬ᡣ
̫ƽкá
İʵǳҪȻô֪˭˭ѽ֪ʲô˸׽ģʲô˸ԶģǴϻѽһĺ֪Щˡ
뵱̫ƽʮˣǺͿģݺ
ܱȥ֡˸գЦݾʹסˡ
Ϸ˵Ӹ㻹졣ͱǿ˼ˣʲô˵ɡ
ܱ˵£ǿҪһ衣
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ٺĺ˵ղСסǣܱˣ£ȻǰˣҲԹǡ


265 ٲ

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ѾǱ軵ˣɱܱô𣿸㲻ûᱻץסѱأ
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Ϸ˱۾̫ƽ֪ϷȻŵ״̬ǻû취۾һ¶ܡ
Ϊ̫ƽϷ˵ѨڵѨͬʱһҩˮϷ˵
һҩˮԣϷڴϲܶҩӦÿҪʧЧˡ
Ϸʱѹˡ̫ƽŽ˶˳䣬̫ƽһϷˡҪҪϷ
Ȼһʱ䣬Ϸ˾۾ʣ̫ƽҾղôˣôȥˣȴһܶȴõ˵ʲô̫аˣ
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ܱ˵㲻Ǵ֮ˣȻסҪ˵
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266 

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267 

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268 ĸ

Ϸüɫ˵ʹˣŻҪȥĵطȥȴúÿ֮ǰŻǿĻģȻһˡֻǣŻӻΪֻżʵҰŵġ
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Ҫȥϣ᲻ϣӶӰ˻ϸ֮Ĺϵأ̫ƽǳģΪԼļӰߡ
ģġҿԱ֤»һ֪ϲܱûͷû£ҲǲϣܱġЦ»ܱŻϣǶȻ֪ġ
ͺáôлˡ̫ƽ񣬱һѷסĸŮƽһμഥ
̫ƽѾˡ
ʵúӡЩĸײߣˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷд֪ĸҲǼԸ뿪ģҲǱݺҲЩǿ˵㣬ںѾˣЩҲһĥұøӼǿ
̫ƽǶµĺúӣκŮǷǳҸ顣
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269 ĵ

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ūʹͣսˣΣūôȻأ
ܱ߿Σķģֻ֮ǰ̬ȶȽǿӲ
ôˣ
ΪʲôҪأ
̫ƽ߹д͵˵ûУ
߹ĸףȻҪȸ
ûУҸҲֻͽżˣڸҲֻҵ˼ûжԴǹ֪ҪԶˡ߹ˣôأôأ


270 

Ȼϲûа鹫˵ûȷ㲻̫ż̫ƽдҵҪȥ̫òһһʲô顣
ǵ̫ƽͷȥ̫ʱȴϷ˵ղŻ飬̫ȥˡһٻ
ģȻ̫˵ˣһžͻһŵġϺ̫ĸǻһЩִǱϾѪĵģִֻ֮ͺõġϷ˰ο
Ϸ˻Ϊ̫ƽż»ٴ̫ء
鷿
̫ΣŶ㲵Ļϡ˵ҺܱȻ˼ٵҽפʵΥ壬ˡպ±𣿡
˵ĸףеͳһõȱ㣬֪ʲô𣿡
̫ҡҡͷ
϶˵ǾǲҳϣֻҳԼеĵ壬ǲȫҳޣҪȴǾҳ޵ˡ
ϣҪĲһˣһֻһֻ߹̫̾˿ӺַϣԽԽˣֻǵСʱ˵£û뵽ڣ㾹Ȼİˣ㻹ҵǸʶ𣿡
ĿȾ˲ɣĸסʱȥôˣĸ׶ˣΪʲôұأ
ȻұˣҶİδı䡣̫˵
ֻĸԼΪĸǰӦ÷ȨˡĸװȨԶڰҡϿЦ
˼鳼ĻҲȨ㣬Ϊ̫ɣŲԡ£˻˳ԲŴΪ͢¡Ϊôˣ𣿲ʶҶΪѽ̫ݺϣΪƫƫҵأ
ֻ̫һۣ鶼ûдģĸףֺγ޵أ
̫˱ӻҡ
ȻĸӣȨϮʱ֮ҲͬˮҲزȥˡ
̫Ȼ󰲾غľ˵ôҺܱ
İɣ̫ڿţ޻һЩǱ£ϣ̫Ҫٲˣ޵ļƻ̾˿˵
ĸǲɢ
춼ˣŵ̫һ͡
̫ƽԵҲ
̫ƽԭͳԲࡣ
ֻǣ̫Լ˵ҺܱԺȻһЩ̫ƽûʲô£Ҫ춢ҺܱǸˣȻҪȰεӡⲻ𣿡
̫ⷬС˵һģһ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
Ϸ̾˿˵̫ҼǱԩˣ˴Բϵ飿
̫ƽ˵ͷ
̫Цηһжã㲻صģѾ˸óԺúȵĴġ
ϷŷҲ̫Ϸ˼һ
ҵ׶ӣСͽġη̫ãҲηþòİͺһⱻһ̫¡Ϸ˿˵
Ҳĸ׵ģβ⣿ֻǡҲҪ̫ѹû¡ֻǣʱ档˵ڳڲκˣǼˡǴˡ̫˵Ҳϣ¡
ϷҲֻˡ
̫ƽд˵ūˡ
̫ƽֻôһᡣ˵Ҫ£û뵽̫Լ˵ˣҲ֪ˣǺġūףȻҪɳԼ߹ȥʵ̫ˣǷԵģǻƺģ˵վҪˣ
ǿսܿҲϰաʴȣϣԺ׵ķʽͽⲻսֻҲԭģֻǿ˹ˡѡһŮǹȥףֻҲᱻūʶƣʱ²ɣ˺ˡϷ̾˿˵
̫ŭ߹ܱ͵ֿຮ֮أܵˣͲȥףȥ
̫ƽһдǣʲô취ֹأҿūҲδҪˣ֮ǰǸˣǰ˺ܶ࣬ǿսԼҲûкôġ
ҲãֻūҲֻǹŻһ¡ǲˡϷ˵
ǻ´սԿһλʵ۲սģҶУȻ´̣Ҫķʽȥͽ⣬ʵðҴʧ߹Ͱ˹ʵǰҵͷ⣬һҲͳȥο𻵵ҲǴ
ôأ


271 ʾ

̫˵ҲܾˣһҪͻһƾʲôūһףǾҪѹ޹ȥֲ˴ĵط
ǣ̫ƽ빬ʱ򣬾Ͱ̫˼ת߹д߹İɣ̫һΪģʱ£ֻҪÿ̫밲úТ˳̫ˣΪ̫ţ˭ҲҰ޵ຮ֮صġ
л̫ƽ߹ʵȻ˹ڻûб̫㣬ǻϾȻû뵽йȥףɼڻϵУҲǲܳһ
ҲҪôʧˡһлġ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽصʼϸ˼̫СӵĻ
褺ˡ
㡣褺˵Ҳȥʦˡ
ôˣڿѧϰĹؼʱ̡ôܲѧϰأ̫ƽǳ
㣬﷢ô£Ӧһɹѹء褺˵һ͸ųϿҡ
褺㣬Ϊ̫ˣȥةһܰɣ̫ƽдңҲʦ
һΪʦΪ㣬Ȼ֪ةĺáǣôʱ뿪أ褺㲻Ը⡣
˵ˣû¡̫ƽ̾˿褺㣬Ƕȫҵϣ㲻ôΣյĵط෴㲻Ҫܱû취ױ˵˰ѱʱ򷴶鷳
褺˵ȥһϷ˾ߡ
ȻˣȥҰɡ̫ƽдȥϷˣ㡣Ȼ˶ϣѾעˣһȥңȻǲĵġ
褺˵ͷ
̫ƽȥò÷֮ǰǣү׼Ķأ
Ѿúˡ÷˵Ƴ䶬£һʮп㣬ȫǰµĿʽүġ
ͺá̫ƽ˼ġ
ʱֹܱˣ̫ƽûǮˣҲ֪ġҪôˣ㲻ĸļױӽҵĻôԺԼǵĳԴöȰɡ
̫ƽ뷢ģ뵽СӽģҪסܱҪܱоԣȻȻЦд˵ǣȻûǮˣﻹһЩǮ常ͰЩǮȥðɣĸ׵ЩױӣҿҪȸϷһϾҵļױֻԸ⣬ӺҲԸء
ܱһ̫ƽôˣȻӦǮ˵ҪϷ
У̫ƽЦӯӯģƺһ㶼ѵ̫ƽˡ֪ӲӲвͨˣ
ܱ˵ӺеӣôȥЩСǮ˵ˣ㻹û޹ȥأҪ޹ȥ󡣡
ȻûޣǵĸµļױӣӺĿġƸҪ٣ױҪ٣Ҳ˵˵ġǴ˼ҶףĸǶ˵õģأ̫ƽд
̫ƽ˵ľҴҲȽίܱǳƣʲô̫ƽĸĹˣ
ǴʱҲ˲֮Ǿ̫ƽոһСӣˡ
ܱˣ̫ƽƽļѾȴˣôˣôôӣ˭ǶүǵĳԴöȱҪеġȻе𣬾ͲҪλþˡ
̫ƽдλҲףǾ໥һ¡
Ѿ㿴ҡҿ㣬̫ƽʲô˼
˵̫ƽԺѾǲףܱȥҲΪס¶˵¡
¶˵᲻̫ƽĻ֮ƣ֪ǶԸǣЩסǵ졣̫ƽôױӣҲȱôһӡ
ҿþǻ֮ơ̫ƽҲûҪǮѵָǷųǵȻǲܵġܱ˵
ԭѵ̫ƽķ֪Լ緸˲ˡǮֲ𣿵ǣ˫ţǮֲ˵ģ¶˵
û˺˵ΪΡܱ˵ǸԴ˵ˣҪѵ˻̫ˡ
ôΪʲô¶ʡ
Ҳ̫ƽ֪ʶˡܱЦʼˣ֪ˡİɣЩӣһȫֵģ
¶˵үΣҪǸϽǼźõ°ͲСˣŮӼң䶼Ͷˡ
ܱ̾˿˫Ųߣô˼ң͵ֿϣߵֲϲ
¶ȴ˵ҿҢǸѡ񰡣֪үΣ


272 ס

ʲôҢǸȳӣܱæͷҡε˹ģҿɲҪһȳҵŮ
ȥֺýŵģҪһȳŮȻǲԸ⣬ѾзˡҢ˳ӢҲʱȴǾáûʲôԵġ˵ˣңҲʫ֮ҡǶҲġ¶۾˵
ܱüë˵ǲзϣҲ޸зϣ
޸˭أѾ˫ŲзϣԸҲ˱꣬ҵŮܼ޸˭أ㵹˵Ѳ𣿡¶ʹ
ܱбһתЦһŮӼֻҪŵ̬޸˻𣿲Ů֮ԼˡΪ˼ԶǷǳϲ硣
Զ¶һŮҷ𣿡
ԶǻûȢ𣿾޹ȥ檣ҲǴ˵ˣԶ꽫ٵ־պΪ޹ȥܹõԶĳ谮ʲôϵأһŮģȻҲܹϮλġܱϲЦտҪǣԶϲ簡˫ŲзˣԶҲֹһҪΪ檵˼
һ˵Ǽ޹ȥ檣¶Ͳ̫Ըˣ¶ĸҲң檵Ŀʹôף
¶ӣҲӡܺ˼ҵᲢ۵ġ
˵ˣһӣŮ͵ö޹ȥҲû˰ˣżҵĴҲǿ֪ġ
ңȻԶϲ磬ΪСʹˣҲǱסʱ˭ܱ֤һӵóأ
ˣλ֡
޹ȥңӣҲҸ̵ġ
޹ȥңһѾˣȥ˶ӣҲǱ˹̵ġ
ܱҪҵĹϵԶԶǣ¶ȴῼЩ
£¶ܱ֮Ĺϵôã¶ܱһϣȽã
¶ֻһŮ磬Ȼȫ˼ϣϣ޵úãϣ޵Ҹ
ɲģ޹ȥԶүûа
Ϊǲ£ôࡣ¶ܱѾʧȥȰѾˣֻΪԼŮˡ
ܱ磬һһŮԣԼδһϡ
ʱ褺Ϸ̫ƽϣǣͳةȥ
·ϣȻ˴÷⡣
褺鲻˱Ǻ«ԡ
ãҢ󸮡
ةȳġ
֪̫ƽˣҢ˵òˣȻھǰͣϴ
ֱϴ˲ų
ʱ̫ƽةѾ˺ܾˡ
Ң̫ƽȻӿ죬ࡣ
褺ЦôҢôأǲǿҽ㺦أ
̫ƽμˣ褺˵ܲõ԰
ҢȴֻǷǳº͵һЦ˵褺ܵܡ˵öԡܹ˭ܲЦأ
̫ƽдȻϲ褺㣬Ҿͷˡ
ܹγأҢһ
ΪҪᵽǸסˣҢ绶ӭأ褺Ц
ӭȻӭҢЦ
Ȼ֪ҢϣҽҲ褺˵
褺ܵܣԽԽῪЦˡ̫ƽ褺һۣд
ǻΪ̫ˡ褺ٺһЦ
ة̾˿˵ܱһЩ
ҸΪ˰ܹϺüλ󳼡飬˵ܹĸǱġѹѾ¶ĳˡҢ˵
ҲֻǻҵһڰˣҪѺҸ׵ǻϱˣôȥأΪ֪ˣڸࡣ̫ƽߵд
褺̾˿̫ˣƫƫǻϣκãҲ޴ԩ
Ң˵Ƿģһ취ġ
Ҫ취Ҳ룬Ңʲôѽ褺Ц
Ңˣһǹ𣿡
ˣǹҽɣҢ磬ﲻأ㿴ˡ褺ָҢ˵
㡭˵ҢͷѸٿ̫ƽһۡ
̫ƽд褺㣬ԽԽˣҶڴ˱ˡ
Ң˵ûд褺ܷܵǳɰǶϲġ
Ǿͺá褺㣬ӵǸ̫ƽɫ
褺ǵǸˣҢЦʵ˵ҲʵҪǸ˵꿴̫ƽˡ
褺ң̫ƽȻˡ


273 鷳

ܱңϣ
ԶϲֻǣҸ˵Ƿ̫̫ܽ
û⡣Ҳǲ֮ˣȻѾǲзϣô˼ҷأǣҲģֻáܱ˵÷ǳϿҡ
ġϲõġҿ϶һһáԶ˵
£ܱͺ˵ˡ
Ϊȥ檣Ը˫Ƹ񡣲ҲԼӣӾͻᱻΪӡ
ܱȥ󣬱Ϣ¶
¶ǲӦģ˵ױ䣬˭֪ԶԺ󻹻᲻ϲ磿ϲˣ绹˭
ܱȴ˵֮粻ԶģסԺһԽãһ˵ˣôģʹûУ
ȴ侲˵ǲҪˡҾã޸Զͦõġ
ܱ˵Լ˵ã㷴ʲô
¶ˣ磬ûãҷ˶Ϊȡ
û£ЦҼ޸Զҵˣһ̫ƽ˵Ŀһ¡֮䣬ҪӦĿһˡ
¶̾˿磬Ըͺá̫ƽҳɱ
ܱȴ˵̫ƽӣҽȼü֮Ѿǵĵˡ
¶ŭǵʲôѣһСͿԳΪѣôȱѣ
ʱһ泤ƿڶǽߣڣһٻɫķϰЩ鼮ȴɢңƺ˻Ҫӡ
̫ƽһý£һɫ£°ɴȹŲȷ۵׳ѥڷ￴顣
߹ٴʮ𼱵ţ˵Ϻ̫һܣģҪ߹ȥūˡ
߹˵̫ƽܰûջسĻҲû˼ˣҪɱ
ͳȥĥ̫ƽüë¿漬ˡûйϵǣ߹дһţ߹һ߹ɱˣ˿ɶ˵Ҳˡ
̫ƽæ̫ƽʵڲҪôźá
£̫ƽԹ˲Ͼôڵس߹
ǡͻ߹Ե޹ʸдһš
ͳȥţǸµĹĿģֺ󹬸˵˵Ҳš
߹ˣ´Ļȫ԰ŵݴȥ˵̫ƽȡ
̫ƽͷۣǣҲԹ߹鷳ҲǱˣʲô鶼Ҫ̯̫ƽ
˵飬߹ɴû̫ƽģǣһ顣߹뵽̫ƽˡ
£̫ƽüչȴȻ֡
ܹСġһ£ӢˣС֪ܹΪ߹ײߡ
ô֪̫ƽһĪǣ߹ģ
ܹǱѩ˵ͷСֻҪһ֣ͱػᱻ߹ס߹ҲǵŮѸܹдһ¡ҲСӡС֪Ͼҹˡ
̫ƽһ߹СӶˣϵĺá
Ҳúá˵߹˱Ƚ϶ࡣ
ǡСԸ⣬ȫԿ氡߹Ǵڱһ̫ƽ˵Ŀ⡣ǣСӶ߹飬ҲΪܡ
ܹˡǶ϶ûе¡˵
̫ƽЦҲһ˵кûУʲôϵ
ܹĪ治֪Сӵ˼̾˿
Сӵ˼ͬ룬Ȼ޴֪ġ̫ƽˣ˵˵ô߹ˡ
ūģūӾã߹òūԼҪȢˣⲻȻȻؽ𣿡
̫ƽһôūںδ
ݡ
ⲻˣֵط˭ԽȥġҼȻȥôū֪أ̫ƽҡҡͷСӵĺ⣬ˡֻǣ취вͨġ
ܹƺܶ࣬Ȼ֪Ҫһ˵ķһҪȥʾ
ôôȥҲ书߱ڡ˵ˣһڶġ߱ڣҲǽȥ˳ȥҲǲ˳̫ƽҡҡͷ취̫Σˡ
ҿԴܹȥʱūӻԺ룬ʱǾͿԳˡ˵
Ҫ㡭̫ƽǳⲻȥ
ҵҡȴЦú̹Ȼ죬ϡʱﲻɢҴȥūӡ


274 

ڶ죬ܱ˵̫ƽĸļױӵ¡
һ罫ӷֳ룬һ棬һŲһ໨ĲӲյ
̫ƽ֪Ƕµģ񡣶ٷϴˣûвҵΪ̡磬ĸ˵ļױӣȽҪˣ常ȻԭⲻĻ㡣ܱһЦݵ˵
¶Ҳһ԰ǻ˵ǰҲ֪̫ƽǸԸ˵ġҲϣһеĵزɡϾҲүүѪѽ
Ϸ˶ȥˣ˵񣬿ӦǶʲôʱҪһʮŮӳеˣ
ܱЦĸףǻ֪̫ƽССͱŮкܣӢۣ
ôǽӢۣҲⷬݲСϷû˵
ĸ˵ﻰ۰̫ƽôݲأĸ׿˭ˣǸӦ졣ܱЦݽ䵭
ϷЦôõű˸ЦǰѴҶɵ𣿡
ܱĸף㱾ӦúһȰȰ̫ƽģ㷴˵㾿ûаѶأ
ҿɲ̫ƽƽ£ҲһƲ̣ˡǿǶһϣϷ˵ҡϡ
̫ƽϷ˰˰ȣдĸģŮɵ
ô̫ƽʲô˼ܱˣ̫ƽ֪ܱ¶
̫ƽŵɫ黨ӡһɫ£һ֦ƽɫȹӣһЦд壬ЩҲ뽻ǣֻЩѾʼƹܣ²ܹҵˡ
ʲô˵˵ʼôЩӣѵʼȱǮ𣿡ܱɫ˵
̫ƽЦдšԼһʰ֮Ϻ巴ġʻҲ㡣
㡭ܱǣ¹ػʼңܱ
뿪֮󣬹Ȼȥ˽
˵;ŻܰЩӡ
ʲôΪοЩӣܱҲܺ档
Ǿȥʻϡ
˵ϲС⣬һЩӡȹЩʱȻỹġ
Ҳͬȡ̫ƽЩӡ
ԭΪܱȡߣ̫ƽں˵֮ӹЩӡ⣬ϲ⣬̫ƽһ˹¿ԣȼĴ
ΪƣӺܱ˵̫ƽЩ֪ģҲģҪױһģϣܱҪЩˣ붼ˡ
ΪӺǲЩӸܱġ
ܱ̾˿ΪӺΪ֧Ź˵Щ
ӴˣȷǴ˶ЩӵФ롣
ҹϡ̫ƽݡ
̫ƽݶ
̫ƽ˵ȷūӾΪϢ
˵Ϊһܻûл㿴Ƿĵƶš
̫ƽ˵ǻҪȶأ
˵㿴ǲǻ𣿡
Ȼ䣬һ
һĿӡ¹ǳҲȽ䣬ȷһȽϺÿūӡ
̫ƽֹţˣʵҲ߹ģ߹ҲԸء
ŮôòЭģͿһۣ;ʺ߹˵ˣ߹ˡ˵
˭
̾˿˵˭óϲСӡ
ɡ̫ƽһ
ǡ߹СӵģСοʣȷΪŮ˵ѡЦ
̫ƽ˵ǡСӵݣ߹Ҳ֪ģôأ
ȻС̫ࡣǣܹ㲻ҲǲɾҩذС˵ûɵġ˾ͻ᲻һУܹ߹ΪʲôͲأ˵
˵ĺܶƵġ̫ƽתͷȥ˭˵ϲС̯ˣ˵
΢΢һЦˣܹĿˡ
ūڷϴ֮󣬾Ժ񣬲֪Щʲôū˵ϰס
ūúרע
ǿԳûȥץסûзġ˵
̫ƽ˵Ҹһȥͻ©ʱͲץˣȥץסȻԼ
Լôߡ
İɣЩҲѧ˵书̫ƽһЦ
ô书


275 ӲӲ

ǳ֡
İɣֻè򡣡̫ƽٺһЦ
֪Ϊʲô̫ƽЦôؿɰڵƤģ˲һƬ
Ҳšһˣ²ô죿˵
ģ˵¾һ¡ʲôʱƭˣ̫ƽŵ˵
˵ǡ
ˣ²ҲԴūѽԲԣʲô˸ɴһ㡣
û뵽ԼһӺȻһŮӸЦˡ
ãҡ˵ȥˡ
̫ƽִūӵıˣǣūӾȻһ㷴ӦûС
žūϵѨūӶʱһˡ
̫ƽٶҲȽϿ죬˳ǽڼ϶ȻûҪǽڡ
ܹԽԽˡЦ
û취ҲǱơվѧôУ书ҲֻΪֹˣٶ㱾Ҳѧˡ̫ƽЦȻߵūǰūӴ۾ǺˣΪʲôҪҵѨ
̫ƽдǹ㣬ΪҪ
Ǵ𣿡ūӺ˵벻ʵ۾ȻôֶΣӭһʹ𣿡
Ȼǣ㲻ҪԼ̫ҪˣǴĻϣûչ㡣˵ū˶Ǳ߾࣬Ϳȥˡ
롭ū˵Ҳǣ
ū˲Уܾȥɲ㲻¡˵˵ΪʲôҪ
ūЩˣȻϣá
ģūӵģҲȢǴĹߣ
ū˵Ȣ˹Ĳ˵Ȼõġ
˭ţ̫ƽдɣǰȥ߹߹⣬⣬Ǿ͡
ɱҡūӼˣǲ⣬Ҳɱң
ɱɱ㣬˵㡣˵
ūű߾ûв룬ǲҪϡū˵ͣ
ǳ𣿡ͳһѵūӵĲϣŵūӱ۾
ūӻɰġ̫ƽȴˡ
ȻūӺȻͱա
Ҫȥ
²أ̫ƽһЦôūͷһףװ˽ȥ
СħŮūôСǣѨá
ȥʣȻװȱõ
̫ƽЦѾдţ֪ͨ߹һڻʹſڵҡʱūӳô
ôܹϣ߹ϻǿūأЦ
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276 ڻ

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277 һ

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278 ٽ

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̫ƽһٺɫĶ֯ٻӣڴһĵƹ𻨽´ǳɫˮ̰ȹ
ÿϣֻĸо֪ǲΪ̫ƽԭǾãǲȦȦ
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̫ƽ΢΢գϡֳһƬС
ʱСȴֳˣָ̫ƽһַ·תĸо
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ʵҲҪ߹ԺЩ߰飬ͲҪдŸˡţҪġһΪҽ̻˹ԣ߹ͲҪ˵ˡһҪ˵ҾͰ߹ţϡ̫ƽ˵
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279 ǲ

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280 

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281 

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֮顣
ҿԺλŮ˵˵𣿡̫ƽؿ÷ݯ
ԣȻԡ̾˿˵ĸףҲҵġ
̫ƽ÷ݯһ԰
ڱΧһȺϴ·ŮˣСϴ·Űô򣬻ˮͰˮէ˶෱ӣϸȻ
ô¹ȥˣҿ˽ȹȥˣҵǳˡ̫ƽס÷ݯ֣֪һֱܵġ
÷ݯѾ̲סˣΪʲô㲻ҵǣö񰡡
̫ƽ̾˿ʵõѣͰҵɡ죬һ
ģ÷ݯϲɫ
㣬ˣСƵģһһЦɲáںﹴĶǵģѵ㳤ʶ𣿡̫ƽҡҡͷ
ҶҺܺã̸ϹĶǡ÷ݯ˵̫ƽƽ˿Ŧ˫ɴ¡һ˿꼻˿ȹԼˣ˵֪Ҳǳϲִͺǣһģһ
ҵĸװɡ̫ƽ̲ס÷ݯҽ㼸ĸףһ𣿡
ǣ쿴㣬ѾҷǳҸˡŶ쿴ֻҪһҿһΣһҿһΣҶúˣΪҺȻѾ÷ݯֿˡ
̫ƽ־÷ݯ۾ҪޣŮûֻǻַʽߡ
÷ݯ΢ƽһЩó˵ո˵ҪΪĸףǲҵǣԽҼĸףѾˡ
̫ƽȻ¹򣬽е
ֱֱײ÷ݯ飬÷ݯǰЦò֪Ϊʲôܹȥã÷ݯûа취ǡ
£ÿεĻ䣬ʹҲϧǿԼ䣬ǿԼҪǣΪĺº£һ죬Ҳ벻Ůӣ
Ů÷ݯס̫ƽô÷ݯȫ磬÷ݯҪ÷ݯֻҪ˿̣סŮ
ʵҲ㣬ÿ죬ҶѰ㡣̫ƽڲ֪УҲѾԼȻ
Բ㣬ʱﾹȻûü㡣ﲻáӦûסġ÷ݯѾ̫ƽˣֻ
÷ݯѾˣֻõ
¡˲磬飬޴ˣѪɺӡ˵óѡ̫ƽʵ۾޵ĿһΪǸɵԼģ
ֻϣƽ˳졣Ҹһӣôȥｫס㣬ϧûû÷ݯȻʹܲˣ赹ȥ
̫ƽæסʱžѹ
ֻǣ̫ƽ֪ղ̫ƽ÷ݯĶԻȫĳ˸
̫ƽ̫ûз͵
˰̫ƽϲŷ֣Լưͣô˵
ղ̫飬ѾǱܡ
̫ƽȻ÷ݯ
ˣ̫ƽôˣ


282 ҹ

ĺȻ֣̫ƽһ
Ϊղ̫ƽ̫ˣȻ˵ˣôͳ֣ûпղŵһĻû̫ƽ˵
̫ƽ룬ҪҪϣǼд֣
ԥţ̫ƽԳ񣬵Ͳûпڡ
ˣǶһ¡Ȼ˵Ǿ÷ݯȽҪ̫ƽȻѾôˣ
ûʲô顣ֻǣ̫ˡ̫ƽд
Ǻã㿪һҩȥҩˡ
Ȼ󳤹ôҰ÷ݯ䣬̫ƽ÷ݯıӰ۾͸顣
ס̫ƽ֣˵ʣˣ㲻˵ѡɸңưͿѾˣ
̫ƽ̲ס£󳤹ˡΪ˷ûж˹£ʵҵưڰǰѾȫˡ
ǴҽտȻԼưͣҺ㣬ңʵ㲻빫ҲġǳˣҲǰ֮ˣϻ۵ġ
л̫ƽ̾˿
ղţ÷ݯ˺ãΪ÷ݯģ㲻ϧԼΪһһκס
ʵͰ㵱Ůһˡϵ˵
úԩĺӡ
ģҼȻѾӦչİգһḺ𵽵ףˣգȺúϢظȥɡ˵
̫ƽˡ
ߵһ㣬Ժӵˮ㻶ȥ
İգ죬ȥҶӺãʹǸĵطһϲġ̫ƽİյͷЦд
ǣİս̫ƽ̣֡㲻ҪҺòãһǳǳ
̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
һϣ̫ƽϣİߣǣİգ̵Ļڻʹȫģ̻ᾭȥģҲԾдš
ҪҲߡİտˣϣܹ̫ƽ
̫ƽôأһİվֻᱻʫ
İôԣҲϲˣԺҲҪˡ̫ƽд
İռˣ̣㲻Ҫ뿪ң㲻Ҫ
Ӧȥʹҿ϶ҪԺҲˡ̫ƽдװӡ
İտ˵õģ̣ҴӦȥʹˣ㲻Ҫòã
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ǵģǣҲҪӦᾭҡİʵ˵Ŀ̫ƽģҪˡ
ҴӦǡ̫ƽдİղᡣ
İ˵̣һĻģֻҪҺá
Ȼһ·ˣǸİСӵ·
̫ƽ¼·İϱ˱ȣİգϲ𣿲ϲǸ
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̫ƽдʹ·ģһʹʹɺˡл԰ʦд֣ҪǣҲû˻㡣̫ƽ˵ţˡ
ҲĿǰΪֹ̫ƽΨһΪİġ
̣ôϣԸһ𣿡İε˵
̫ƽЦȻ
ʱѵѾԼ˽ȥ˷һ
Ϊ˶׬ǮǾͿʼԼֹƷȥ׬Ǯá
üѾǶ壬ӶԼϾȡһӶ
ѾȻܻǡղá
ԣ̫ƽӦˣȥһ壬ҡ̽ѾǴ塣
Ǵʱ̫ƽ붼͸ؾˣҲȥˡ
𡭡˵źˡ
˵Ƿˣ̫̫Ҳǲȥġ죬ҿҪİաǣǱʲô£Ҷ̫ƽд
İվϲÿˣ̣á
ϵƫô࣬ƽա
̫ƽİյ֣ڲݵϣǡ
Ƿɹİ˵̣ʲô
ǡ̫ƽд
̣ʲôİʡ
̫ƽ۾ʪˣǣװ뿪ǡ
İյ۾ͺˣѵף
İһֱʫģе÷ǳ裬ҲʫһҪŹİյԭ
İڸġ
̫ƽ֣İղǲʶ
𣿡
ǡﻹţһ۸
İյ仰ʱ̫ƽӯ


283 

ǣĸ׻ţҲҲΪ̫ƽᾹȻˣʱڽɼ
ģĸ׺ܰġİȴһڷˣ̣ȻҴûмף֪һܰң뿪ҡضǳڣƲѡ
̫ƽģˡ
İգ֮顣֪ˣһ˵ġ
İտ˵ϧˡˡ
ǣԸԸĻͻʵֵġ
İǱ۾Ըˡ
̫ƽдʲôԸأԸ𣿡
İЦҵԸǣϣܺ׼档
̫ƽһҲƲסһ§İգģѾڸ׼ˡ
İæʣ̡𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷİյдǣİգԸ⣬Ҿǡ
İճĬˡ
̫ƽдûиܺúõػŰ󡣡
Ǳ˺ġİպȻ˵ҲµģͲµˡ
̫ƽæסİյĿڣдİգһ䣬ĻҪ˵ˡȻ֪ǸӺ׵ˣ϶Ӻ㡣ôСôǵĶ֣Ҫװ׵
֪ҪΪױ𡣡İ˵ţսȭͷ
ССд˷ʶҺܿġ̫ƽЦˡ
˼죬̫ƽЩ˯ˣİȴ˯⡣
̣ҿɲ˯֮ǰһССҪ󣿡İСĵʵ
š̫ƽͷ
İպٺһЦҿɲԸһֲȡ
İգˣ̫ƽܸˣڻʹԱָӰ㡣
İЩʧ
̫ƽдʵҲǳϣԵĲȡǣʵ̫ˣ̲ϣô࣬Ӧȥ˯ˡ
İ˵̣ô˵֪ͻ˵ˡģҲκܵġ
̫ƽЦİգⶼóڳߣúõضΪš
̫ƽ˵ѾǺܴˣ֪ԽԽ࣬һ죬˶֪ģ̫ƽҲ¶ġҪúòһ죬ʽѾưˡ
ű˽ҴԼȽϹ䡣
һҹİ˯û㰲ȣ˽С̡ǽСסˡ
̫ƽİս˻һۡ
ô˯ʱҲһҸ
̫ƽϣʱܹͣסһ̡Ҫһ̵ҸԶ
ʱһִԲ¡
ա
ǰ̫ƽͣˡ
İգסǻˣֻҪԹԵģһõġ̫ƽ˱İա
İȻٰ㲻ģҲû취
ڴˡһ³ȹԵо˺ܶࡣ
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Ƕˮȥ˵̫ƽ°ɡλİգ
İչ£ãİա
ÿɰĺӣҿæȥ
İտ̫ƽһۣ͵ͷ߹ȥˡ
İյ֣ʵֱͺһģһ
İͷ˵˵ǲǣף
һİգǵģ־
İ˵Ѿˡ
˵ͷѵûˣ߹ĸ׵𣿡
İҡҡͷ
ְĺʫǿɺޣΪǡһ죬֮ڷģ
İջֻǺӣԡ̫ƽ˵
˵ͷİջǣˡ
̫ƽȻЦ˵İ˵ˡ
ôСͻˣ᲻ô۵СֱĥˡġɲӵģҪʲôֻܸ˵ĳӶܸɽ亣ζЦŰİ§ڻ
ȸﰡԴȸӢ
Ժٸİ͸ʱҲǺġ
Ȼ̫ƽ÷ݯȥˡ
˵ϸȥˡӦúܿͻˡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵
÷ݯˡ
ڣİʱ÷ݯʱͿˡ
̫ƽæ˳÷ݯ䡣˵ֻǸ꺢ӣҪ¶Լݣ㲻á
÷ݯ˵ͷȴֹס
Ϊһİʵ
˵İգȥλ֣ƺϲء
÷ݯչֱ˵İաСӡ
İǰȥֵؿ÷ݯĿ̽Ѱ


284

ǲŻסˣū澲ԡ÷ݯ̲סš
ĵ÷ݯĺ󱳡
÷ݯһŰ
áİȥ
÷ݯҲȥǣȥİյ֡
İգԲ𣬶Բ𡣡÷ݯ˵ǣס֣ҲŲˡ
İշǳ¡̫ƽ÷ݯϵǡǳ˵ס÷ݯ˵ȻҲʶ㣬ǣ۾￴飬Ҳ֪̹ϵáԣԸѡ
÷ݯһİ˵ʲôѣ
̫ƽæ˵İĺܶ£ۡ
÷ݯסİյ֣á˵ʲôԡ
ʲôԣİһ
̣λֺŶİ̲ס˵
Ϊ̫ںˡ̫ƽƽ˵
İǶ÷ݯЦˣлл㡣
Ҫлҵҡ÷ݯֿˣ֪ס֣ҵҡ
ˣ÷ݯİȥ԰߰ɡʱ򿪿ˣ÷ݯһô죿
̫ƽ֪ǳ÷ݯİദǣ⻹÷ݯһμİգİδػӦ
ӦˣҲһϰߡ
Ҳ淴Ժ󶼲÷ݯˣ÷ݯ
֮÷ݯİպڵദǲõġ
İѾס̫ƽˡһǲԸ⡣
÷ݯϷǳʧ䡣
Ͼİյš
ôϣİնܡ
̫ƽ˵İճէģԸصҲǲϤӦȸŷ䣬Ϥһ·ΧĻжᣬȽϺá
İæͷǰ˵öԡ
÷ݯҲ˵ֻҪū澽ܺú÷İСӣˡһʱŪɳ׾
˵ͷôͰ̫ƽ˼ɡİգ̫ƽȥȰɡ
İס˳ϢܿʹʫĶ
ʲô̫ƽȻ֪Լİգİ͸˳ʫŭ๫ⲻŸ𣿡
ְ˵̫ƽֻǴİȥ棬Ͱ˼ôʵ̫С֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
๫ҿǲúġ̫ƽǾʹİȥô򵥣ڳϣѾİյķˡʫ˵ǵ˸ոȥ̫ƽ˵Ҫİջ̫ƽͼæİȥѵº̫ƽǲ⣬İѺߣһֱҪЮǣ
ְҲǸġ
ʫ˵Ҳеǣ־̫ƽôãӦò
ǣԥ˵ȥϣ֪ˣ˳İմˡ
ʫ˵磬๫һȥ
áʲôȥ˼Цְҡҡͷһ
ʫĶˣǣְĶˣʫô
ǣɳԼѾݺȥ
ְȴͬˣֻҪʫҪȥʫѾһȥְûġ
ʫȻǷǳҪ֪˶ϲ֪ʱƫƫְ˵ʲô
ְȥԼ׼ʱһû޸๫ʱϲҡý˸̤Ҽҵżǣڣ๫ȻңʫŶݺ˵
ݺ˵С㲻Ҫѹū澸үһȥҲһġΪССӾô¡
ʫѺһӵݹȥҼױ֮һǳ㡣Ϊ̽һĽͱز١
ݺ۾һӹлС㡣
ҳҲ˵ǰͷҪҪġǶҲҡʫ˵۾ɱ
С㣬ģūȻǷǳġݺæ±֤
ʫЦŻ˻֣ɣֻǳ˵ǰͷˣ㣬Ȼŵġ
ʱ鳲˷ò֡
æһĹŮǿųͷȥԺɻһȺѼںӵȥС
̫ƽһҶƹŷ֦ɴǳɫİٵ£ϵصɴȹһʵķİԶ
̣Ȳ衣İշǳòԸ̫ƽ衣
̫ƽӹһڣЦİĲ裬úȡ
İ˵ǻΪ̵̽úã
̫ƽ˵ͷİգ̽ģ㶼𣿡
סˣǳҪӳָİ˵
ȻѾеطסˣҲҪˡ̫ƽ
̡İպȻҲס̫ƽ֣ɲһ죿


285˭

̫ƽİվǿʹˡ
пܣһ㶼Ը뿪İյġ
ǡ
İգԲ̻£㡭
ʲô飬һҪҪ𣿡İί˵
ȻûС̫ƽ̾˿İյ˵ǣҾΪκ˶ҪԣҲֻܰڳİա㳤ˣˡ
İյͷ
̫ƽ̾˿˵İգҪףڵķΪ˸õۡ
İձͷȥ
̫ƽؿİһۡˡ
쵽¶ŵʱ̫ƽͷİջǱͷֻ̫ƽĺס
̫ƽ̾˿أˡ
İʱڻͷ̫ƽıӰ档
ԭղšİղϻͷǣѾˣԸ̫ƽޡ
·ϡ
İСӻûġ˵ҪˣİСӾȻͷ
̫ƽһۣ˵ô֪ģİվΪ̫ˣԣûлͷô˵ˣ
ٵͷİСִ˵ĺӣΪôð㲻ǲϲִ˺ַ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ϲϲִˣԱŵġΣİҲСˣһū澼ҵģ˵ӲãⲻǱʲôƽʱôģ
æðƳԼū֪ˡ
㲻ǵһˣǱİգҲԭ¡̫ƽ˵Ǯ´ΣͲҪˣֻסɡ
ٿ̫ƽ࣬ʹԲūܷûйϵֻҪﲻͿԡ
̫ƽ˵㻹Ϊ롣ǡʲôã֪֪˵ЩİղӰѵ֪İͺֶһ㡣
ʵūˡǧҪӡ
ʱĺɺȻƿ˵ū澸ղſִ˽ȥ˳
ʲô̫ƽһְ޹ȥʲôǺͳûн顣
ĺΪ书Ŀ࣬ԣûмˡߡ
ղţĺɣġ
᲻ΪİСӣĺС˵ϾİСӿִΨһĶӡ
̫ƽ˵ˣİղְΨһĶӡǣְҳȷΪİա
ôسӢȴǱȻİСӽִ˴ߵġĺ˵
δءͿְʲôĿСҪȥ̫ƽæͣ
ĺһǸո뿪ģϻȥ᲻㲻أ
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ϡ
ְĸй񣬳
ְЦ˵˼׻İ
˵İɣİԼϻȫ
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谮㵱֪ʫŹİգֻҪһ뿪¶֡㲻ñֵôȡΪڵʱʫǺɫģһĸ޵ӣͲ֪ʫİնʲôߡ
ôأǲˣʫȻǺܺãɲڻһְϾʫԼѾˣİҲʫСġְ˵
Цô˵ǾñƭˣãԼȥĶӰɡ
Ϣŭ¹ûô˵ְļˡ
İձˡ
ְߵūݺİպµȫ
ΪݺȥҲʫһŹԼ
ְ˵İգ
ǣİȴ㵽˳ȥ
ְסˣҲΡϾԼոջ˵İԼǳ֡ǿֵӣ
ԼĶӣҲǺ׽ءЦİգҪ£ָϾʲô˵һΪģĺˡ
İŹ˵ʫŹҡһߣʹңҴ·˵·˵Ҳ䴩ӵ·
ְĴ󾪣İգ˵Ŀģ
ݺ˵үүܹôˡⷬ˵˭̵ġСƽүòãҲ֪ġ
ְԥš
û˭ңʫҡūҲҡİպȻָݺʵ
İյ·ʱССĺϡôˣ˳


286

Ƕ˰ɡʫİմˡְģ㻹Ҫάʫ𣿡˺ۣ˵ʵ⺢ϵıñˣǴԼͷһ㰡ˣ׵ľȻ޶ԣʫΪ
ְĵɫʱͱ࣬ͷݺū澣Ҷʲô
ûûаүһ꺢ӵĻүôܾأݺѾڷˡ
žְһ˹ȥ㻹ҽƱ磬ڳϡһƤӳȥ
ЦڱĸϣƤҲġ
ְҧҧȥһȥôʰ㡣
ݺȥˡڱȥ֮ǰ˵һ䣺үūϧǣΪˣ϶ǱСġȻĻΪʲô˵ǱܹأСү⼸ɶǴܹѽ
ЦʫѾߣݣ±Ҵˣܹ޻ڱˡְģϸЩˣˣǾˣʫģֻ˭ūȴϹ޻̫ƽ˵˿ɲ£
Ǻܿ£лѡ֤ݾͰǰְĲҲˣʫū澶˲̣ɼƽʱαװġҲԣûп˵ĿҵĶܵ۸
˵ְģ˵Ķ࣬١Ƕ㡣˵ˣһū澶ŹˣūĵӣȻʫġʫŮˣ㻹ʲôôõģ㶼ԡ
һᵽְľɫ԰ף鸴ӡ
ЩΪԽԽؿʫĿְҲԽԽڣΪɱ
ĺãһ㸡ְ֣ǿʫԽԽ
ʱְҲ룬ȢʫҲְĵıԣҲҲʫ롣
ְʫҲͻĺãӶһһһ˫˰ɡ
ڣְĶûμ
ҲˣҲǲԣְⲻȥ
ЩĴҲָġ
ֻǣ񣬱ȻְĵģȻֵʹ
Ϊ˲Լְֻðѻ⣬תƵȱİϣİգôûдɣúð㡣
İȴǰͷҡεú˹ģҲȥ
ΪʲôİգͲˣǿǵļҡְĺɫ
İյͷ죬ԸҲҷԵӡ
˵ְģҪİջȥʫ۸𣿡
ҾԲʫŹİյġְ˵
ĳŵšĻҲİ˵ǣͷİձʫøӺˣְģ¶ģҲûãΪ㲻ܳʱİߣҪҪ㻹ҪİʫΪʫŮˡǣʫǷˣʫûʸӽİգҲŻİգ黹㡣˵ְģӲҪİյĻȥǰμҲһ״ʱ򣬿ʫ᲻Ϊ١
ⷬزᣬȴ˵ڵϡ
ְ޷Ҳҷ䡣
Ϊ˱ʾԶӵ飬ְĿ˵ôİվʹˣϣҪ룬İճԶٷ֪ɲԴӦ
˵ȻİյĵҲȱһ죬λ᲻Ӧˣɡ
ʱū澹˵̫ƽˡ
һ̫ƽĪǣű
һ˵̫ƽˣְȴܸˡ
Ȼе㲻ˣɿ̫ƽЦˡ
̫ƽİûбְĴߡʱˣԼ᳤ˡ
̫ƽǸǣȻǴдûзϣЦȻˣһԶٷɣִҲ˵ҪԷˡ
ְЦ˵ǰܹǻĺԵ֡
̫ƽȴְġ
İ˵̣˾ͲҪˣòã
̫ƽԥš
һȰ˵̫ƽôˣȥҲȫҪȥˣҲкö෿䣬ñҲҪһء
˵ˣ̫ƽίʵٸİնһӦˣūٻȥȥɣúõذҺϷ˵һ˵˵ҽҪˡ
İվȻ˵
ְĲˣܹҪô˸ʲô㶼ˣ


287Ե޷

СҲ̫Ϊ˰ɣְķǳ
̫ƽд㲻Ҫİղӣƽİжãھջ١
ְæЦܹ˵ǡ
Ҳְ֣Ƕ̫ƽ˼ģҪȻô̫ƽ˵ʲôְľ͸أ
̫ƽȻסİգİչԣ̽˯ʲôú¡ڡ
İ
Ȼ̫ƽְĶڳϳԷģŮб˲һԷġ
ֻǳ극ְ֮Ĺ̫ƽԺ￴̫ƽһʯͷϣʲô
ְľǰȥԺܹͼѣ㳤á
̫ƽд˵ɡһҪİȥϴء
ְɫȻ֪ΪʲôЩӣǻһˣǸ˾ܹ㡣
̫ƽд˵⻰ʲô˼и֮ǻûŮңЩ˵Щ˵֪𣿡
֪⻰˵ðˣܹԭ¡Ҳûж⣬˵ĶǷθ֮ԡְ˵Ŀת
Ҳ˵Щ̫ƽЦд
ûУҲʫ˵ЩְĵʵѾϲʫˣ˵ְҲѾˡ
˵Ĳʫ˵ģԭˡ̫ƽд
ְĴʧɫܹҲʶ𣿡
һĶ͸ˣ벻㻹ǵйһŮѽ㸶һУȴݺ£ҲĿİɣ̫ƽݺݵصְġ
ְĵɫ䣬ȫҲܹĪǣʶ
԰ǰûᵽ̫ƽѰ
˵̫ƽˡͶҲǼ޽
ôܻ̫ƽ˵أ
Һý㡣̫ƽд
ְ̾˿ĺãҲĸ
ҵǾãүӣֻӵУҲ¡ϧûи㣬ү̫ƽЦд㣬£ȸİү㲻ֻнĵλɣ
̫ƽ仰ʫġ
ΪְԴӺʫŮְ֮ĵĹְû
һֱˣʫĸףѻүȡȸְļûְ鷳ˡ
Ϊѻƽδְĵ壬б˽ң󣬻ҪְѻƤɡ
ԣʱ򿴵ְĶʫãѻҲҶְָʲôΪѻԼá
ԣְҲԹʫܲ㣿ǣʫ˾ͻޣ£а취
ԣ졣̫ƽ˵ְ֮ĵͲҪʫ뷨
̫ƽҲְ֪ĵ뷨ᶨ
ΪְһѶϣǣĹᶨҪȻֻҪؼҿʫᣬְľͲپˡ
̫ƽдȢȢͣʫֻܴ㲻õӰ죬ûҪӰģǺүԼǰ̡
ְ˵˵öԣԭڣұضǰƽġҶǱʫˡ
үҲ̫ƽд
ǡѾһʫ±Ҳơְԥš
̫ƽؿְģûʫأͲˣ
ǣܹԸ޸ҡְĺȻ˵
̫ƽˣ̫ƽְ˵ô࣬޷ǾΪ̫ƽϲԼ
벻ְĻ⣡
̫ƽǳ
ְ޳ܣ
ǰһԼϹۣȻˣǼ޸ɣ󲻵Լţ˶ˣ
̫ƽǳӶˣ
ҪְʫҲֻԻסְġ
̫ƽ˿ȻͷűӣְȻһЦ
Цݳаջ
Ůӣִ˷糾ŮӵĹƻ
ְֻһۣĻŭţܹɡ
̫ƽ΢ЦţִˣԵⶫǺֵġ
ְһϲܹָ֮Ե𣿡
̫ƽ̾˿дϧ̫˶Ե޷ݡ
ܹְļֱˣ̫ƽѵڰʾʵҲ
ֻǣ̫ƽ֮䲻һνСԵ޷ݡ
ʱΪ˱Ч̫ƽѾ΢΢һЦŤͷˣЦݴ⣬ְֱĳУȴ԰Ρ


288Щ

̫ƽѵҲ
ְİϲߵػȥˡ
ָ
ôô𣿡ʫһ޵˳סְĵĸ첲
ְĺȻţ˦ʫ֣︾İʲôҶ֪ˣ
ʫһְĴֵģǶ²ˣҲڣȻҪ
ͷݺһϣ촽ˣ۾ģ͵͵ʫְʾʲô
Լĵū澡ְĳţȻʲô£ʫҲܲ²⵽ˡ
ʫóģǼٰ޹
Ҳ˵ʲôʫˡ
㻹һίȫµ˶۸ģְ˵ȥҾǱ׸ƭˣźλñˡ֮󣬳б˽ҡǻÿΣҪȥƺ󡣲ûһ˿һУϣҲҲҲҪҪ³
ʫֱҪվסˣĶҪˣôԡ
ְľȻˣˣ
뵱ʫǣſŶͶϣý˸̤ż
ǣʫܾˡ
ΪʫΪ˰飬Ը˵ߣ
ʫСʱд󲮼ʱͿ˱ȸְġ
ʫְģνһ飬ټġ
ǣȴΧְģʫ˿ýӽ
ǣʫôܷһ֥ӣ
ټϣʫһֱΪȲԼġ
ʫԣＰԼţ
޷ΪһоĸףãſӵжճŮݡ
Ҳſ԰ʱѾְƽּңָλ
ԣһֱİʫãҲòʫ顣
ʫǸͷβɵӣǵĵʯ
ȻְҲܿԽûУѡ
ְǺʫͨǣΪ˵λֲòάĹϵסġ
ְֱȸİ£ӵҪһУ״Ԫ
ְģʲôҪ
ŵʱͱ˱ƻ飬ְֻܸ߻Ϻͺ顣
ӴˣһֱΪжд̡
˭֪ʵְĶû飬ֻá
ְıȴǸʫûȡ
Ȣ֮󣬾͸ʫĿŵ
ȻҲǺǵģʫԼֱˣʫɲ
ְĹȻǺݺݴһ⡣
Ҳһ⣬ˣʫڹְģְҲûоܾ
ʫְġһƣ
ǵ¡
ǣమʫְģû뵽꣬Ͳమ໥Թ޵ĵˡ
ʫҲȻû뵽ְĻῪʼˡ
ڻְĵʫԣǿĴ
ôͲˣĶҺ㣬ڣĺӣ㶼򣡡ְһشʫϡ
ȥʫһޣְľͻ
ʫˣְֻöģ
ʫ˵ϣѪ
ְ˵ʲô֪ˣҪŹİգôİգҾ㣬ٶİ֣֮أ
ְķȥ
С㡣С㡣ݺæ˹ȥС㣬Ҫ
ǣʫýȥݺ˵ʲôȻ˵ҪɱңҪɱҰ
С㡣үֻһʱˣС㲻Ҫϡݺ˵
ʫȴԼͷ
ҪС㣬Լֻ̫ƽЦݺ˵һУ̫ƽĻǰźõģѵС㻹𣿡
ʫ󾪣˵ö԰ô뵽أ̫ƽװҽãֱʱȴͱһİգǳڰİաǳҽģǣҪİմңɵɵȻ̫ƽ
ʱϣ̫ƽŸ衣İ˯
İգſĴ۾˵̣Ҳ˯˯ˣ뿪ҡ
ģİգ㰲˯ҾҪߣҲԺ𡣡̫ƽ˵
İյ˵ͷ̣ȻҾãҰöá
̫ƽһһۣ˵İգԸ⣬԰ҵ㰢
ǣϵİ֪ˣ᲻أİ˵


289ºԼΪ

ôںĸ׵ĸ𣿡̫ƽһ
ǣΪĸסİշǳ˵ĸסʣǷǳʥġ
ǣĸ״û㣬㲻𣿡
֪ǱƲѵġǱ˺ġİ˶£̫ƽʱ۾Ҫǿţˡ
úӡ̫ƽİյͷЦú˯ˣ˵ĸס
𣿡İո˼ˡϱ۾
̣һҾ˯İպٺһЦ
һ̫ƽЦ
İհˡ
ܿ죬Ҳƽ
̫ƽ˿İ˯ˣİղǶǺġ庢ҲסÿΣ̫ƽҪİ˯İվ˯ˡ
ǽ죬
İȴԵ쳣ûȫУһҪ̫ƽ˵ܶ໰˲˯̫ƽۡ
ա
̫ƽҪ뿪ˣİᡣ
˵̫ƽİڱ㻹ʲôĵģýãֺγǱĺøŮ
ϢŭŮ۲ʶ̩ɽ̫ƽ̾˿˵æ񣬡ٲ᳤ˡ
˵ͷ֪˾ͺáΪƽ
̫ƽǺˡ
ո뿪ûжԶȻһ̨
̫ƽüëĺɹ˵ְˡ
Ȼְ³ˣ̫ƽǰ棬ܹֻ㣬ضֻ֮Ǻܳʱ䣬ˡ
̫ƽƿӵӣЦдôأүǿһ飬һƷһ塣
ְĻŭţĿܹ
̫ƽ˵ͷȻһЦȻȻ󣬺ߵصͷӡ
ְĵĸоǣ̫ƽϣְĹȥ
ְЦݵؿ̫ƽˡ
£ˡ
æȥ߸Сӡ
ˣٲ֣ܹҪְĸˡ֪Ϊʲôܹ⼸գȻְĺԶǳڣʾְȥż˵ˣȰȰܹɣ
Сһ£ڳߣһֻԼǶֵ壬ԣֻ΢΢Ƥ̧̧˵ҪȰʲô
СӶȥְĲǺ˰ҪȰȰܹְԶһ㣡
ܹôˣ֪Լʲôο˵ĻδýȥС˵̣꣬Ȼˣҿһ壬ȽϺأ
˵ѽˣô˼أСĶ㼱ˡ㲻ܹСĻ㵣ܹء
Сɵ˵˵ܹѩﻹõ㵣ģ㻹ȵԼءһֱ㣬֪ġʵʲôʱôˣ
ʱˣˣ˵ܹʲôʱìͷˣҿɲɡ
˵Լ£ǹܲ˵ģͺ㡣ٵ£㶼ԸأôܹܹܵأС˵꣬΢΢һЦߵͷ塣
ǣ̧ͷһƳȴ񼿪ţþò
̾˿˵㶼ȾܹΣܹҪ;ˡ
Ҳ¡СȻô˵ǣȴҲżġ
ߺСӾӺˡ
绪Զмһ̡
ӺҿѾ߽һ֣޷ƽˡСЦ
Ӻҡҡͷ˵㶼֣ҲȻǽⲻ˵ġ
СЦαԷƱأ
Ӻ˵Ȼô򵥡
塣СЦֶ߲ôʲôʸںأ
Ӻ˵̫壬ԽԽˡ̫˼ţҪҪ̫ƽ飬ҲޡҸƾˡ
СϵЦݵˡӺαƴǣϾҲһˣҲҪˡ
Ӻ˵С治֪Ǽװ֪ǲӭȢ̫ƽģܹﰮҲҡ
СЦд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣδޡףֻҪԸҲδɡ
ǲԸӺ˵ʱ䡣ϣȥȰȰ̫ϣҽ̫ҲһҪ̫ƽ̫Ҳѡһطӽĵط
ӺġһȰġǣӺ̫ƽҪ׵ġĪǣӺҪ̫ƽһӣ
Ӧ㣬ѵҪ̫ƽһ𣿡
СӴͷδԼΪ
ڶ졣



290´߻

İ뿪ˣԵÿյġ
糿̫ƽֻһǸ⣬ģʡ
ǰǸֳİմȿɰ
ǣȥȴǿ
ϹˣҪˣ׼̫̿ƽ£Լϲģȴû׼ģ
̫ƽĲɵطĶʱ̫ƽæ˵ⶫİһϲǲ֪ڳϣܲܳԵõ
ĺ˵İɣΪ谮İСӣǣֻҪСȻġ
̫ƽǵģİղ˵ҲóԵġ»ȥҾ͸İն
ϵ˵ͷǵģɻȽ״档Ըİն㡣
ʱʹ
̫ڻ¯ӱߵ̺ϣӺСڶ档
ӺһɫƵްڴһȦɫİߡ°ڴһȦƣϣһ˫ɫƤѥһȲ衣
СӴһϺɫƤ£ϻΧһȦɫĺëһʻܵ£һɫ޿㣬ͷҵġ
꣬Ӻͺ̫ƽɡ̫̾˿˵Ȼ̫ƽ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ǣʼҵĻ£Ҿʮ׵ġ
Ӻ󾪣ĸ»̫ƽ
ģ̫ƽͱŮӲһڳˡ˵ˡȻѾ飬Ҳǳ¡̫ƽӺϣҲ밲Ҳ쿴̫ƽ̫ƽﰧģҲͷܶ࣬Ҫ⴫ˡ
Ӻˣǡ
ˣӺҲСˣһűء̫Ц֪㺦ˡǣȫ飬ɲƴȥһġ
ӺСһۣСȫݵĮն̫˵£Сһϵûһ
Ӻ̾˿˵ǣͬ𣿡
Ļ£ϻܹܵȥ̫м˵
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ӺСæŽǸ۵
ĸס϶̫Ȼ̫Ż¡
Ůæ˲յݸϡ
ϿСӣĿ¶ŭ
̫˵ãӺ̫ƽͶˣҴ顣ãΪǴͻ顣ԵøһЩ
һȻѾ飬ֺٴͻأԵöһ𣿡
̫ҡҡͷ˵⻰ӺΪ˺ɽƴ񲻹ϴͻѣôǶһأ
ϻûдӦӺͿˣĸĲҪ̫¡ˣס̫ƽ
ЦӺԼ˵ˣ޾Ͳһˡ
̫̾˿˵ǡ
Ȼ˵һˮ֣ԭǽŷȥ޵̰ӣǣ޶ǣǳġӺȥ޿ǡ޴㣬񽻸㡣
Ӻһ£ּ
ֺ̫һˡӺСҲˡ
·ϡ
С˵ȻϱȽŷңǣȴҲ֪ŷ̰īԣƽʱҲˣ̰ӣǴ£ȫŷң»ءԣ뵽ӺӺţءŷҲˡ
̰ŷ͵ˣÿաˮңͻ̰ӣʱ򣬽ϵİվͻᱻӺ̾˿˵ǻϵ񣬻λ᲻ϵֻ±˭
СЦֻǡӺҪˡ
Ϊ˴Ҳ¡ӺһˣճɡϷҹȥ˵ڹǰȥһۡҴӦˡǣһȥڡ
СӱҪƴǡӺ˵㲻ȥԺҲӦһжˡΪ㶼Ըһ𡣡
ǣСô᲻ӺĿģ
ӺϣСӸ̫ƽٴμ氡
С̾˿ֻôӦˡ
ϡٻ㣬ϻ˰˪
̫ƽ˻ʣڻϻ
һױкӴ멣ֻ㡣ǽ˿廨ȹ
ϵĿҶϵȸе仨Ļ档
߹黨ް˵Ӻ;ǧˣϷڻ԰ԵءϷȥ
̫ƽһȥҪԼưͣҲʱҪˣʱβӺ֮ʣ˶ϣ
԰ĴţȴȺСһȾۣ׿Խͷ֪ʲô


291¸Դ

վСܹȺУ̫ƽһ۾ϵó
̫ƽ˽ŲƮ˺Ρ
һ㡣
ӺϷ˹ˣˣϷҪעⱣůǡǻʹѾû˻ڻ԰ȲԵˡȻҺСӳ⣬ƺǲġ
Ϸ˹Ц˵Ҳ֣Ҿ̫ƽģӹǵҲʵúܡһ㶼䡣
ܹģȷǾӺ̾ϧҲֻ̫Ϸܹܵˡ
ô˵ӺƺҪһҲ˵ӺмʹļΣܹСЦ
ǡӺشСӵĻܹܹ˵ģСӣ⻰˵ܹˣҪģ
СƺǹҪ̫ƽΪСѾ̫ƽˣ΢΢б۾Ŀ̫ƽײ
С˵ӵĲҪɷⱾģֺα˵СܹأѵӺҪСΪ𣿡
̫ƽ̲סˣǰ˵ǧ꣬⻰˵Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҷ֡
ӺЦԭܹܿ˵ˡ
Ϸ˵̫ƽǸոն˵ҽտء
̫ƽŸλ󣬴˵λҵȷոջָ˵ҵưѾԼκãҲлλ֮ǰҵźչˡ
ϷЦ翴ˡҽտκñ֢βԼƼֻǣҲҴˡ
лĸ̫ƽ˵Ϸ̫ƽԼ¡
һ̫ƽ͵Сӵߡ
СӵһЦƤؿ̫ƽһۣ̫ƽתȥѺСӡ
˰ϷЦúϲ£졣һ֪졣ԼʱӡȻǺð
ĸҲ˰ˣо仰к׷ͯ𣿡̫ƽæϷ˴򣬻Ϸ˶
̫ƽ죬ЦҲǣҲǣҲǣʵϲýϷ̫ƽĺ촽Ц
СЦҲӻ顣
̫ƽݺݵصСһܱۡãƤӶ飬˿˾ᡣ
С˵ߣҿҲᣬ˴˱˴ˡ
ӺЦ죬ҲͦȤģɴǶ˳춷ˡ
Ϸ˿Ӻ̫ƽС˽ӽҲ֡
˵ЦһͿʼԵˡ
̫ƽ˸ǸС˵û֮ǰҾ֪϶ǸԡСŮӣҲֻᰮĶ
ҲܱãҲԣҿҲ̵ֻġ̫ƽ˵
Ȼ̵ĺóˣĳˣСȫõСҡҡͷ
õҲ¡̫ƽ˵
ҷ֣ܹСӵҲױСһ仰Ǻñףƽʱܹﵭݲȵô˼šӺЦ
ϷȴϲЦȥϾԼĵŮһ̫ϵ̫ˣ⴫ȥɲʲô¡ǣת˻˵Щô
ԭӺˣϷʱϷӹ
ӺݵҪ˵Ͱźˡ벻Ϸȴʱ䣬ʵߣҲȷҰŲáϷε˵
Ǳû֪ûйϵ˵ˣĹҲΪ˿ϷҲϷˣҪ뿪ȥ޵̰ˡӺ˵Ϸұʲô£ȥ֪СӣҲһġ
̰ӣϷһϲǽŷȫȨõ𣿶ÿЩ£ҲΪʼҺڵŷҴġ
Ӻҡҡͷ˵εˮʵ̫ˣŷ̰īҲԽԽأϲģԣתҸŷִˡ
Ϸ̾˿˵ˣҲ֪ӺܹܲܵסⱵŷˡ
Ҳᾡһ֮ġСɫ
ϧǧ꣬㲻̫ܳҪ㣬һ̶ߵġϷ˵ȻϷ룬ǣڻʼҵȴӦǾ䣬Ųţȴ֪¡
СЦܶ鲻ҪǰǰȥҿڻʹУסŷ̰īĸԴˡ
ʵõģСӡӺЦϷ֪ǰߣҲֻǺŷұִˡŷҪ̰īҪӻʹĺ֣ܲСӵĴھ͸Ҫˡ


292¾֮

˵ģϷӾ͹ˡ
̫ƽһͽ»ȥˡ
ЩƵĳڷУϰ໨롣ĲƮɢ䡣
̫ƽһڿ
ǣȴȥ
ȻСԲδһͷЦôܹ￴飬ǵſ𣿡
̫ƽæˣԼ顣ȷǵŵģæ˵治أȻðһ
ܹ̫ƽǰǧǹ
ĺֱӳ⣬ץ˰ѵͺ˹ȥǧ꣬Ҷ㲻ˡ
޺ī㣬īˣɨѡ߼ëӣСӾ˹ȥ
Сæ
ˡ˵
̫ƽߵԺСô뿪
ȻūǸɢȥȻСִϷ
ôˣ̫ƽһ˵ǴҲߣƤ񡣡
СЦܹӺҸ㼸仰˵˾ߣʱ뿴Ҳˡ
̫ƽ˵ߣҲŲ뿴ء
С豭˼ڡ
̫ƽ˵޳ܡ˭ϡ֪֪ⱭҺȹġ
ҿɲ˵ˣܳԵܹĿˮҲҵҰСЦˣԹܹƺִ߶Ƶء
ʲôִˣϹ˵ʲô̫ƽǳ
СЦܹɲҪϣζְЦˣܶ˶ˡ
ԼϣѵЦЦһЦ˵ʲô㲻ҪѪˣҵ̫ƽ˵ûбʲôµĻ뿪ɡ
ְĿɲǼ򵥵ˣи֮򡣱Ůӱ֮ΨֲܹôӭȥأĪǣܹϲģи֮𣿡СӼ
̫ƽ̲סһСӵϡ
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˵˵⧲СӵģȻһ
޳ܣ̫ƽһ䣬תҪߡ
Сס֡
ʲô̫ƽŭ㲻˵ֻϲи֮
ܹҲֻǺ⣬㲻ģΪҪ˲أֻǷȰܹҪְԶһ㣡
̫ƽ˵ҺְĴ֮ô
ְľ֮ǣְȴһֱ㣬ѵ֪ӵİ취ǲҪ棡Сɫ
ҲҪܣ̫ƽ˦Сӵ֡
Ϊ˦ù̫ͣƽ̫ͻˣСֿ죬һƾͰ̫ƽסˡ
̫ƽ˫ͬǳ۾һ顣æʶʲôƿСӡ
˵ҪӣҾã㣬ҪӡΪ̫̫̫࣡࣡ƽ˵꣬Ϳˡ
Сһ
̫ƽǹ˵⻰ҪİΪղţСӵĻҲ˵ĵˡ
Ϊ˱Сӣ̫ƽȻڲԣ˵ĻΪԴСӵģʵ˺̫ƽԼ
̫ƽȻΪСΪСӿޣ
СӰ
һŮӣֻڷǳһкӵʱ򣬲ŻΪΪޣΪ˼
СĬĬ뿪ˡ
ӺСһ
ƵչСӵͷԼӰ
Ӻ̾˿˵Сӣôˣܹ˵𣿡
С˵˵ˣȻ˵ˡ
ǣܹû𣿡Ӻ˵ôѻģܾЩԾء
С˵ûСǣ̧ͷȴ̨
Ӻ̾˿˵ܹһ仰㿪ģһ仰ѹɼķŲܹģкοء
ûʲôֻҪҸ̫ƽټ棬ҾͻˡСӻô侲
ʱ̫ƽھǰԼݣͨ۾ĳ
СӵĻһ̽ġ
ǣ̫ƽġǶԼ
ΪʲôҪôױСӼŭΪʲôԼôȻ޺۾
Ϸ˵ִˡĺ˵ִ˵ҪҪϷȨӦùִˡ
̫ƽ˻ƺ֬شһ˳ȥ
ְĹȻڴˣһ˿ްһͷ룬°һɫ޿㡣ż򵥣ȴ
Ϸ˵˺ܶˣִ㲻ǵһˣ̫ƽҲ̫ˡûʲô£˵ҪˣҲҹҪϿͣ˵ǿԵģ̫ƽǼĹˡ


293и֮

ְæͷϷ˵öԣ˵öԡ
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ʱЦЦȻ˽ȥﻹһ̣һȲ衣
̫ƽһô£
˵˲赹ˮȻѾģЦЦҪԼأ
ѵ
ȻЦЦߵְĸǰûкܿؾͰѲյ£ͷְ΢΢һЦ˵μִˡ
ְĺϷ˶һûӦ
ǣЦЦƺ𡣺Ȼװһӣ˼ϲյˤְϣ
ʱְȫʪˣ
ЦЦȻȫְϣ
Ů֮䣬˽Ӵǵż˵棡
̫ƽˡ
ЦЦǿְˣ
ȻЦЦִˣҡô죿ҵûˡ
ְæƿЦЦ˵Щʲôʲôû
ңҶˡЦЦϷǰĸ
Ϸüë˵ЦЦʲô
ϷˣҲˣȻ˹Ѳˮϣû
ЦЦ˵㣬ң֮Һ㼡ˡѾһˡ
㡭ҡʲôʱһˣְļˣϷˣûС
Ϸ˵£һ࣬ЦЦһɺԣһúùִܽ¼Ȳ裬԰ꡣ
ǣְ·ʪˣҲȥˡ
Ϸ˾˰ЦЦȥЦЦġҲûа취Ǳȥˡ
̫ƽˣҪģǣЦЦȥʱ̫ƽͽ
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ְѹˣȻǱ
ܹĲ˼ˣ磬ʵڲҼˡ£ֻ´ݷˡְ˵
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ְĶʱ˼ˣҲøоղŵĲѾˡ
̫ƽǹ˵⻰Ҫְġ
̫ƽֻ֪Իסְġְİ̫ƽˣŻΪ̫ƽȥʫ
ְĿʫˣſڳط̫ƽ
統ְ꣬Ϊʫһ
ܹзϣְܹĵݹȥһɫ
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ְĸӼò֪ˣܹղţûЦЦ
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̫ƽ˵ͷˡ֮ǰ͵͵ضְȻһЦ
Цݴ˽ߡջְ
Ϸ˿ԼְĲ˹ִˣԺֻ͸ĻֱӸҾˣҪһ̫ƽġ
ְЦֻǺܾûмܹˡ
֪Ǹոڳ棬ôǺܾòأϷŭˣ˵Ҳõòã
ְȻˡ
Ϸ˷ǳְľȻ̫ƽˡְһи̫֮ƽ
һӣϷְ̫ƽЦЦ˹
ЦЦҹ£Ϸӡ
ЦЦع£̫ƽЦЦϵ˺ۡ
㻹û߳ܣȻȥһи֮Īǡ޸ְ̫̫Ϸ˷ǳ
ЦЦȻ˹ȥһѱסϷ˵ĴȣĸңŮĸŹѾû·ֻܼ޸ִˡ̫̫ţҲ¶Ůã
Ϸһ˵¶㡣֤ݣ
СЦЦ쵱˵⿪Լ·
ʱЦЦȫ˰̣˴Ŀĵسˡ
Ϸæڰ֡ڿˣЩ˰ֱ̼جΰĴڡ¶Ȼó
ǣڶԸ˶Ϸ̾˿˵ﲻ㡣
ĸ԰ҵģֻҪĸԸ⡣ЦЦ޿䣬·ȥˣԴӶԺ¶ֺ޷죬ҷǴŮǴȥˣ
˼ǡ
ĸҳΪְĵ̫̫ЦЦʵ
̫ƽһЦЦó׵ķʽ뿪ʹ࣬ҿ⡣ǣǸˣΪһи֮أ


294´ſ

ЦЦϣȻŨҸУ񱻳ذס壬ͷ˵ΪִҲȷһ顭
ԭЦЦְĺܾˣ
̫ƽһЦǣ˼ҡ
ΣҲһŮ޿ִ˻Ǻүִ˵ҡ˵Ҫúܶ࣬ܶࡣЦЦˣ̫ƽûа׵ġ
ûа̫ƽЦ
Ϸ̾˿˵ϵԼĵλʣҺΪˣܶ˶۸ֵ֪ͣԼʲôݣȴФԼܹΪʲôʲô˵ӣޣסԼһҪ޸ְġȴҪ˼УְģߣʫҲǺġȻǽָôܸʫദأ
ЦЦ˵ֻҪָܽģŮԻḺȻʫ۸Ҳȱ¶۸úá
̫ƽ˵ҵҪһ䣬ʫԶԶ¶¶۸㣬޷ǾǴ㼸°ˣẦ㣬ǣʫȴЦصָܣųȥ
ЦЦĿ¶һĨᶨƣδΣЦЦ׼ڼ޳ȥģΪβ޸Լأ
㲻ҪˣְĲ㡣̫ƽ˵ȻãҿҪһ䣬˰ĻƣǲҸġ
ϷҲ˵˵ˣҪҰ㡣ôأ˵𣿡
ЦЦĿһŰִ˹˽ӴֻҪĸһҧҺִѾ˼֮ףôִ˾һø𡣡
УҵʲôˣôܸͬأϲְģȥҸ˵ýǿԵģҪҰһ𳶻ѣҿɲɡϷ˵ǶҲйˡôΪһˣ˴أ
ĸ㣬㡭ЦЦסؿͷңֻ԰ˡ

ʱ¶Ȼ˽ЦЦҪϴ·ԭܵˣĸȥʲôȥûйҲ㣡
ЦЦæ㵽̫ƽȥ̫ƽңҡ
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¶һͶ̫ƽ˹ȥ̫ƽݵץסˣƿ¶˵Ӷڲ֣Ǹøø
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ǣ̫ƽ˵һûпĳ⡣ĵǸ㡣
¶𱻴ñףڿ˵ҴˣĸףҴˡشˣҲӦò㡣ӽԺҿ͹£ڶҪȫҪȻҾͳԲ˶ߣ
̫ƽ˵Ȼ˵ġдȥǩ֣Һô֪⻰˵ġպ㷴ûЦ˵Ǳ㡣
¶û취ֻд־ݣǩֻѺ
̫ƽ־ݣ⣬¶д
¶ߡ
¶ߵʱѾǱסͷˡ
ȥˣԺϿ磬¶ԽԽ˵˼ҵŮô԰Ҵſ£˫Ųзϣʲô¶ˣԭź£ֲԸˣ㾿޸˭ѵ㻹޸ϣʺ𣿡
ԭ¶ܱѾ˵ˣ޸Ң
ֻǻûýȥҴϰˣ˭֪ˣȻ˵Ҫ޸ӣ̫ҲӺ˼ôԸأ


295º

ȳӣǰǰлӻȢȳӵģ
ʹ㿴Ҳ㣬Ҽ޳ȥɣʡ㰭ۣ
ͷͷ¶̫ƽãϷ˵̫ƽŲţ¶Ҳǰ״ܱΪ¶鷳ġ
ЦЦɪɪ̫ƽ˵ְͷҺĸ취ģֻĵ·ܺһ˵ѡ
ЦЦǿޡ
Ϸ˵֮ǰЦЦѾһסˡǶ֮¶ͱЦЦְ˻ȥ
̫ƽ˵ûϵЦЦԼĸһס¶ǲٹҰˣЦЦһֱĸһסˡܱҲΪС¶Ƿ
Ϸ˵˵ͷˣЦЦͱˡԺͺһס¶ҲٹˣҲӦöѧ̫ƽı£Ҫܹ̫ƽ˭㣿żб£б£չ飬Լбס
ЦЦǴӦˣʵһӿµļƻˡ
ˡ
ʹ̫䣬СӾһֱ˻¯ڴߣ̫
̫۾Ứ˵ȻϻТ˳
Сӵͷ΢ޱ̫Ӧġ
ֱȻϴҡҪðʱ򣬿ĳ࣬ôϡ̫Լ
Сӷһů̫˵̫ﲻҪ̫ˣûµġ
ˣ檸ĸ밲һЩĸҪ
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ǵģҪʮɲףҪǻԷʥּǳ檵ӣвءЦ֪ĸϲϷҪȻҪõϷӹˡ
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һʱεؽӲϻʱˡ
á˵
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һЦĸˣŻֻǾౡ֮ˡ˵ˣŻҲ͹ȥˣǸĸ󡣡
һ˵̫ΪˣϾŻӾֻ̫ҲûʲôҲ˻ϣҲûʲô
ʲôǣΪʲôƫƫҪ˵
˵ͱζˡ
ĺ̫Ƥɡ飬˼ҷ˼
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ҲǴϻ۵ģȻˣվߡ
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ں󹬣ҲӲɣǣڷ棬ȴ÷ǳá
߹׵Ȼں˼ʹϵǳáΪֻһŮڵС
ǣ̫ˣҲܻڻʵǰͷ磬ʱ򣬷ͷǹ
ټϣµ߹Ҫµİ˹ᣬ߹ǲǻȰ˹ͷڣĹϵá
ˣǳ͵ǿɲǵֵ͵ȥͷǳ͵ִӹĵ͵
ңദͺһһ㣬ÿ˶ûиûѹ
ЦãȻ̫¡һɡ
˵ͷˡ
æ˳ȥ
δĵãֻ͸̫ͻϣû͸
ǡϲ
ΪûпТ˳Ϻ̫ӦõģǶĹϵûôãҲˣͻǷԼ
ڻʹȱˣ֪ǵСǲҪãǿȨơ
һʧƣǻñȷ󳦻졣
ӲУֻоģϲġ
ãһȣм仰Ҫ˵


296ЦЦ

Ȼס
ֹͷ񣬱ɹѵ£
Ц֪Ҫһĵ𣿡
һ㣬ʵڿǲˡ
˰ķ֮ѵһеģȻҪúüһǲĻʵ
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ˣûЦÿˣȻˣô˼ȥأǾ´Լá
ˣˡ
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ֻǣȴˡ
ںÿһ˸ı鶼ġαװġ
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ֻסԼһ䣬⣬ֻҪܻȥҲˡ
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ⱻϲϵˣһ˲ɣȨ
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˭֪׽Ȥ
½Ҫ£ˣ
ǳǳ޼ƿʩ
󣬾͵͵дһţ´ΣϷ˹ʱ
ˡ

ǽϹһɽˮѾЩƣĴڣһ񻨾ӡһŰεӰм䣬ıøļտŰɺ÷ա
һŷǽϣһ۵Ĺߡ
Ϸ˾̫ƽһ빬ϷҪ͵Եġ̫ƽΪ̫ͣ˵Ҫ̫ƽ̫ġ
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Ϸһ̫ƽЦЦȥְ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷЦЦ⼸죬Ͽ֣ǣǿģûа
ϷˣеڴӦ뿪
ЦЦˡĸ̫ƽңҾԲȥְġǣְԼҡ𣿡
ϷЦ棬ְôԼ㣿ֻҪ㲻Ųء
ǲͶˣȻִǼġЦЦĵ˵
Ϸ˿̫ƽ˵̫ƽô
ЦЦҪסģĸҲסһΣסһġ̫ƽ侲˵
Ϸ˵˵ͷãȻҴӦЦЦмҪ㡣
ǡЦЦװһ˳Ϸǰͷ϶ۡ
Ϸ˵㲻ƻԼΪŶˣи֮ɼסˣ
Ϸ˵͸ǡЦЦһæ˵Ů֪
ǣЦЦһ£̫ƽЦЦˡΪЦЦУȥѰְˡ
ô죿
ϸ룬˾Ѿ뿪˶
쵽ʹʱЦЦżˡ


297±

Ϸ˺̫ƽ߽˻ʹ
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̫ƽϹһ׺ë磬һȦƣﴩʵ֯£÷ˮȹ
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ϣҪϷȥϷӣȴҪСһǧôࡣͼʲôأ̫Ϊ⣬СûѧϷ
ĸ˵Сʮ˰ͨ𣿡Ц޽յǿСĸˡǲôá
ϣѵ㲻ãСӺ㳤ú𣿰ϲСӣΪСʱĻϣ̫ȻˡСʱĻϣҲǷǳТ˳ģ֪ů
һͷ˵ʲôˡ
ĸӣô𣬻ʲôʣ£
СӺͻϳ̫ƽȴ仰ǳע⡣
Сڳˡ
ֻĴ磬̫ƽˡ
Сӡôӣ


298ϴǦ

ԭСʢװһӡ
ϷС𼧡СѡݵģݼĽɫ
СӴŴɫŮװüëƳ촽绨ͬ°ɢŶĿ
Ͷ֮䣬ȻŮӵģԣǱŮӸġ
̫ƽסˣҲһ
СӽʼϷˡ
Ϸģ̫ƽΪǰǽ̫ƽϷ
̫ƽ׵ǣСȴǾϷġ
Ϸ״һ˵Ĺ¶
СӳǻǻԲ
˰ٱʹԣܻ˵ؿ
̫ƽСӵסˣ֪Сӡ̫ƽ֤֪һӡ
ϸǱסˡ
֮ǰ˵ҪСϷֻΪ˺档Ϊ˸Сһ
ǣû뵽СӵŮװ˾ޣ޵û϶࿴һۣҲƲ۾ˡ
̫˼Űѻϵ˻
ϣǷǳϲϷ̫˵
̾˿˵СӵŮװһŮӡ
˭̫ϸСʡ
޹ȥ̫˵ĿȻ
̫һȻе񣬻ϵǲ
̫ƽһС̫
һֱСӵݣ仰̫֮ƽȻȻʣѵСӾ̫Ķӣ
ǣΪΣСܸӺôأ
ȥΪӺСǶ֮ߵýˣŷ֡ӡ
ΪӺСӵĺãͺ񳤱Դһ
̫ƽ֮ǰͻɹСǲӺʲôˡ
ۼ̫ƽȻͷˣСӺӺú
СӾ̫Ķӣ̫ӵĶӣôһж͵ͨˡ
ңСӵǶô
̫Ӻ̫Ѿˡ
˵̫ӻǱϴġ
СһԺոͯǺȴŲյΪܶ˶ΪҪ
ǰжô𣬺жࡣ
̫ƽһ̫ƽǰҲˣͯжôҸΪ˸֮жôʹࡣ
̫ƽѾ߳ˣ̫ƽĻᡣ
ǣСȴûôˣСӻöŸĸ˫ѹںѵ档
ڣСȴ˶ֻܹһ̫࣬Ȼâɣ̫ϲΪǧ꣬ǣȴʲôûС
̫ƽڲ
Сڳرݣ̫ƽֻһ
СԽǱֵĿ֣̫ƽԽǾ
һԶֵġ
Ǿһֱ΢Цˡ
Ϊ΢ЦѾǿֵı־
΢ЦҲһַʱôҲֻʣ
ãá̲סơ
ʱСһó䣬ˮͷ˻ϵϡ
ȥҪץסˮѸٵֱ˻ȥ
һǣȴСӵݼԽˡ
ʱǡôͣˡ
Сͣ貽ͳ衣˷䡣
ϵĿһֱСӣݼ޵ݼ޿ģصݼˡ
̫ƽϵһϿ˵޾Ϳޣḻ
Ϻ󹬼ô࣬ȻᱻһڵĽɫס̫ƽǴ۽ˡ
̫˵СʲôʲôϣڻãСû𣿡
ϸ̾СģҪСӣ
̫ƽЦһСֻݺһɫܵõϵʹͣϻһѹ̫֮ǰҪôãһֵֻ֪Ļеþ
̫ʱ˵ϲҪŻСӡСѾллˡ
ΣҪСӡĵ
СӿžԼŮװһ󷢴
Ϸһɫͭϻһ۴ɻƿƿһʻ
Щɫ졣Ψһο塣
Сëʼжױ
ϵķһذ䡣
Ҳһسɿݽߡ
СӳʱһǧĴ硣
жٻȴжǹȡ
ŻϺ̫СӶͷأϵģȴǱ
ϵ̬ȴ䡣Сӣ֪ղŵı֣޺صʱĺܸˣԿݵݼ޾㡣
С̧ͷ˵ôҪūʲô
ƽһ𣿡ϸ߰ͷ˵
СЦ
˴󾪣̫æǳСӣ񣡡
̫ƽּˣСӾ˵ʲô


299

ȴСӵһЦЦȾ˾̾
ϵ۾ǶСӵĳݣò޾ʹ͸˫
СӱһЦ˵ôūˡūŲΪУūŻЩֵ͡Ľʿ񡣡
һ
̫ƽ׹ˣѹСӻһ̬˽˵ԭΪ˸Щһӻ
̫Ҳˣ̾˿˵ϣ㻹Сء٣СĻ°աԸ⾡Լౡ֮ǣΪȴһֻͼܡ
ϱ𡣻ΪСӣȻҲ֮ǰСˣЦС˵öԡһʱˣˣ򿪹⣬ͽʿǷַƷ
Сӹ£ˣūŴոлһλ
̫Ҳϣ磬ڷַƷ֮ʱ㿪֣˸ʩɡ
̫ƽ˵캮ضȻҲǼꤣܳһڵࡣٺòˡ
СЦʱеİն˵ϿΪԼۻӢʱ򰡡򲻿ɴ
̫ͻ϶ǳϲãȻȥǰϯ
̫ƽȴڻҪ뿪ˡ
̫ǳãĸȥǻûĸû
ҲȥҸס̫ƽ̾˿˵ҲТøηܾƤ֮ࡣ
⻰˵ûЩˣΪѺģǻϡ
СӼɫˣæ˵ܹȥɡֻҪӦǣȥʩ࣬ҪæҪȻƾ⼸ˣʲôµġ
̫ƽһСʲô˼
ղ̫ƽǿúСһֱڰ
ô˵Ҫ̫ƽʩ࣬Ҳԭġ
֪Ϊʲô̫ƽȻǳСӡ
áȻŻϺ̫棬Ӧˡ
ǣ̫ƽС˳
ʹϣҶ׷ס
һǰһš
̫ƽȹڣȻСĲȵȹڣǰһʱСס̫ƽ֣̫ƽûоܾСǣԼ֣ǰ˺һ
ʹĶ죬СӺȻ˵
̫ƽͷ˵ҲȲݼ
Сһ٣˵ܹڼЦ𣿡
㡣㻹ᳪϷȥСˡ̫ƽĵ˵
ϲҿٳСӺȻͣסŲ
̫ƽߵСӲĵطҲվסˣѩˡ
պȻƮɢСѩ
һƬһƬһһţƮƮá
̧ͷգȻͬʱ
̫ƽץסһƬѩѩڻˡ
Ȼ˶š
ĿײһƬǡ
Ŀԣ̫ƽȻ֮ǰСѹסĳ
̫ƽʱˡ
ѩСӿһŵġߵŮǶôĿ
ôʲô̫ƽ˼ˡæ첽ǰߡ
̫ƽıӰСһ֡ô䣬Ϊʲôôأ
ȵҡСӿ첽˹ȥ
̫ƽС˼˵ʲôѵ̫ӵĶ𣿡
СһϴסķâЦ˭˵̫ӵĶӣ˭˵ģֱǺ̫ӵĶˣѵ㲻֪𣿵Ļʹ֮ҾѾǾ·һġôҳأ
ô㾿˭Ϊʲô̫ô񣿡̫ƽҲǷ༥
˭˵Ҹ̫ˣ
ǻϣղȥжױʱ򣬻ϸ̫˵ˣ̫ļֱ߷ƣ㲻ĺӣô᳤ôأ
ԽԽ󣬹εСӶ䶼ˡ
Сվסˣô˵̫϶Ѿʼˣ
СӺȻЦܹҸ˵ûйϵ㲻ùܣ˭ĶӸʲô
Ϊ̫СӵԵøƮˡ
ΪʲôԹܣ̫ƽ
ΪҸûйϵ𣿡СװźӣҾһʲô㶼Ҫ֣ҾӦȹܺԼɣϹ֮ҪӺˣ֪֪
˭˵ģأֵ̫ƽʧɫˡ
ǻϺ̫ͬ˼
ҵͻû
ôʹȳףٶġһжԻʼҪΪ׼Сӵްԣҵ£ܹͲҪˡӺᡣ
СתҪߡ
̫ƽȻ˵Ӻ˵֮ԺҶ飬ֻǲϣҼ޸ˡϲҡǣΪ㡭


300

Сͣס˽Ųˡ
û뵽̫ƽ¸ңĻҲܹ̫ƽ˵
ܶŮ֪ǲ˵ģΪŮǶкȿڡ
£˭˵˭һˣ̫ƽô᲻֪
ǡ̫ƽ˵ˣȻ˵ӺĻǡǱ̨ʣ˵Ӻϣ̫ƽСһ
СӵģûдġϾҲ̫ƽ
һУȴûһ
ʱ΢΢תѩëŮ
̫ƽѾúѩˡ
Ӻ̫ɵˡĪܹҲôɵ𣿡Сӿ̫ƽ
һΣĿûж㿪
̫ƽҡҡͷν޸˭ν
СӴ󾪣ô˵νأ޶Ůӿ°Цܹ˴ϻۣѵ𣿡
̫ƽذѩЦұˡǣͣ˴ҼˣֻܱѡֻҪǸĸ֮ý֮ԣҼ޸˭һġ
ܹ룬ӺңܵġСӺȻЩ̫ƽһֱΪ̫ƽûûΣûǳġǽ񷬿δˡ
̫ƽûо޴ĴۣôԻûϣأ
˵̫ƽڶޢ껪ġ̫ƽȴѰ侲
侲ۡ
֪δķƽǣһƽأ̫ƽ̾˿תˡ
һΣСûٺ
Ȼãʵ̫ƽϣõ֪
ֻǣϧˣ֪ȴԶò
̫ƽϷ˼ˡ
̫ƽ˵ĸҲһס׹ȥбף֪ûУ
Ϸ̾˿˵㸸嶼̫ܿбһе㲻̫ҽΪ㸸ˣ赣ĵġ
̫ƽ˵ͷáҲǵģ̫һչ˲ܵĵط
ҲûΪ㸸ס㸸׾ûеϣΪ˷ֻܱܰ㸸ΡػҲεúܣԣİɣҲзԸ䣬ҪΪ㸸סϷ˵Ǻܸ˵ģ㸸ﷴ˼һ£ҲӦõġȥǶ̫ܱĻһ٣㸸׵ͨ͸ܶࡣ
νʧ֪Ǹ̫ƽ̾˿Ϸˡ
ѩ･Զ
˶ϴ褺ؼˡ
֮ǰ褺Ңס˺ܾãڹҲҪġ
褺˵ҲҪȥϷ˴Ӧһ빬
ڶ졣
ѩһһҹѾͣˡ
ѩڡ
褺ܸˣ̫ƽ֣˵Ҫѩˣܾûпôѩˡ³ѩССѩϷưôѩ
̫ƽҡҡͷ㰡ǸءİڵĻһѩһܿġ
ʱ߹˵ԶȻ
̫ƽһ
褺˵ǼҺã˭ף
˵Ƕ
̫ƽ˵һֱΪŮ㿴Ůˣɲܱ죿
ܱһֱҽ׵ġ
ô㣬˵Ӧ𣿡褺Դʡ
ȻӦˡȻǳ޸ʼңǣʼҲӦǵġ¶ϣ޸ҢҪ˵粻ῴóҢǸӦˣҢҲǲͬġ̫ƽ
˵ôΣԶ־ڱصˡ褺Ц
̫ƽ˵ҪףջҪϷ˴ӦߣȥԶҪΪ޻Ϊ檡
Ϸ˸߸ãܱ¶ߡ
Զź߽ܶվڴм䣬ԼҪȢΪ檵˼
Ϸʹܱ˼ܱ¶ȻǴӦ˵ġ
ϷЦ벻ǶĵŮȴҪϸȥ檣ĪĸܣںϻвûĹأһ˵ýĸǽܵģҲҪһˣ
¶˵˫Ųзϣʲô·Ըһһ⣬ҲˡǶܲܵ䡣
Ϸ˵ףǶϲܴӦġҿɻҪΪϱŮ룬ÿý˹Ҫҡ
̫ƽˣϷ˵Щ̫ƽĶ
̫ƽáԶҪ̫̫ء˵縸ĸӦˣ̫ŸòҲӦأϷ̾˿˵ȥӦأ磬ҲҵŮ


301º

̫ƽûشܱ˻˵Ҳгˣ⿴ǸƸӣ֪ˡΪһŶۡ
ԶҲ˵ǰΪҸ˵ԺҪȢӵģԼҲѡΪӵġϷ˸һᣬʾҶġ
ǰǲĵģʱԼģĸ׺βһأһʲôأ治ľͿպòáܱЦǹˣȢΪôأǴ磬ҲǸ̫̫ģӹĹأ
¶˵⵹ǡ
ϷЦһӵֶԸ㣬̸ʵأ
̫ƽ˵ˣҶˡȻĻ£ǾԼͿ𣿡
Ϸ̾˿˵ɡ
ܱǸĸ֮ý֮ԣʱܹԼˣҪ
˳òɿȴûгһ
ܱڻɫΪ֪Ϸ˲ͬ⣬ǿа޳ȥĻֻöѿ
ѵŮ޳ȥ檣Ѿܶˡ
ҪԶ˺ܶƸ㹻ܱٳϵӦˣܱҲǲӦġ
ǣϷ˾ãܱŮ
ʱιˡ
̫ƽ˵̫ƽãϣϣҳأ
Ҷǳ֣ҪҪޣΪʲôҪ̫ƽأ̫ƽʲôϵ
ֻ̫ƽԼ֪һ̫ƽΪУ̫ƽ֮ǵ磬ʱҪ淴̫ƽ̫ƽ˵ϣͲԸˡ
̫ƽ΢΢һЦɫ㣬֪ңǻǲɶϷ㣬Ҳ޸檡
Ц̫ƽÿҽտưҲˣֻϧţǵò̫ƽõҽΡ
ĽѾɶ֣ҿҽĺõģҪȻҽˡ̫ƽЦ
˵̫ƽòԸҽΣ˵ʲôأôзϵģ̫ƽԼ
ôˣĽšȻϲңҸǱˣʡñ㺬Ѫˡ̫ƽ˵žҪߡ
ߵʱȻ˵̫ƽãһһᱨġ
̫ƽЦˡ
ȻԶֻ֪ҵĳ˻᲻ĳˣ
ԶԼظ˵ȻӽԺұһˣĳ˾ҵĳˣұذ㸴𡣡
Цŵͷ˱㹻ˡϷ˵Һమĸȫ
Ϸ̾˿˵ðɣ
Ļ£ˡ
ΪǼ޹ȥ̫̫ܱûж
£ӦԽԽá
ѩˡ
Сꡣ
̫ƽԺ֧һС˻¯ˮ
ٶˮӹЩˮѩˮһūԴҶϲժġ
Ϊ̫ƽ˵ѩˮҪϵĲõģһҪϵıȽϸɾ
ʱ̫ƽҨѩˮ衣
ﶼ˲㣬̫ƽһߺȲһ߿ѩ
ѾҲѧ̫ƽӣһߺȲ裬һѩһЦ̵ģǳˡ
褺ˣҲκȲ衣
үβʫһףٽ˵ʫһס񲻸
褺˵ͷһʫû˼ҪҶʫ
ЦǶĺܣҪ˵ʫˣҲֻйʡ
̫ƽЦҲѵøˣʫͶʫɡ
Ҷ
褺ʫһסȻ̫ƽʫһ䡣
ĺЦȻҸоȴǼõġ
Цֹɺã⾳ҲǺܺõġ
̲סҲʫһס
̫ƽơѧʵǽĺܿ졣
褺ЦѾߵܹȥѧʫǺõģһʫȥധĦĦ
лүٷǳˡ
ʱ˽
μˡѾ
μĸס̫ƽ褺Ҳ
ȴ̾˿˵̫ƽиõϢҪ㣬ϺȻȥЩʩࡣ
̫ƽ֪ˡһЦĸףѣԭӦóְģⲢʲôõϢ
̫ƽ˵Ҳ̫ˣϾ캮ضġһŮӼҡ
ŮҲȥж¡̫ƽ˵ȷǺ䣬Ҷˡ
̫ƽ׼һЩů裬ŵ
ʱ͢˾͹ˡ
̫ƽ̧ͷһģľȻСӣ
С󳵵ࡣǿ϶ܳԱˡ
ϳɡС΢΢һЦΪ㲻ܵ


302һʩ

̫ƽһΣﻮõġ
ˣǻϵ˼ûйϵѵҵ𣿡СЦˣϴѩУСӶ̫ƽ˵ۣЦҲůˡ
̫ƽһ˿졣
մõСںڴһȦɫëһ֯װ
·ϡ
֦¸졣
ıһ澵һӰյİƣƺһ붹ˮ
ͺͺֱָ֦ţһЩĻţաƺѹѹģƺʱ
ű꣬Ĵϡ綹ӰɴݶϣǴС
ڵˡ
ӺһϮ£ڸ̨ӭ
ڶǰߡ
ŷҲǰߣӺţǲ͵
ͣˣ̫ƽûм³һǳӡ
һӣһ£̫ƽ¶°ͣһ
ⲻǹȥǸɣ°ͳúܶأҿһֱŷү˵
ϣūŶһյݸŷү˵˵үôܹƾһ°ͣͶ϶λأλ˲ˣ̫ƽ̫϶û취ҿүΪ
̫ƽҵ˵ģŷͽֵλŷүһԩ·խˡû뵽Ǽҵĳˣˡ
Сү㻹Ҫȥ̫ƽ𣿡ūЩǲˡ֮ǰٹҲ˵̫ƽơ˶ıˡ˵˫ҲǱ̫ƽз˵ġ
Ϊ̫ƽôֳôӽջҪһηŮӾʲôӡŷүȴǳȤ
ʱҪߵ̫ƽԱߣǳЦӴܹ㲻ôʩأ
߳˭˵ǹﲻˣǸӾ͵Ȳ𣿡
ŷү٣ЦѾ߶ôÿС͸ÿˡ
Ȼ̫ƽѾ߷ʱŷүֱǿסˡ
ŷүֻûһүҲˣ׵ģȷʵһ޶ģֲôÿ°͡
̫ƽо˶Ȼ̧ͷһһȵ
̫ƽȥһװḡĹӡ
̫ƽǳݺݵصǸһۡ
Сӵ˵ܹԭôϲģŷү࿴˼ۡ
Ǿŷү̫ƽһ
أǻأĵܵܲȢˮ𣿡СЦλҲйɼ޸ΪңҲԸ޸ΪС檣ǱҪйˡ
̫ƽ˵ŷҲֻǸ÷ȽԣģҶǶ˵仰
ܹҲԸģֻ㲻Ը˵˻˵СӹЦ
̫ƽСһȥԿʼʩҲϻˡ
ˡȻԡʿǰ̧ȥˣǲʩ࣬ڳſڣΪڳſȽ϶ࡣСһЦˡ
̫ƽҲſڡ
վڳſڣڵŶࡣ
̫ƽǳˣԳԵһڵˡ
ҲһЩŶӵģһҪһݵġСӿˣ˰Ƕץȥ˵ûĻô϶˽ԲΪ˴ңÿֻһݡҪŶӣϣϡ
ǣвϵġ
С̾˿˵Ѿ˺ЩˡһгԵģͿʼͻһġ
̫ƽԸҨ࣬Ҳ಻ۣ˰һº
ǶܹŮкܣĵ˳ޣ̫ƽһӱ÷ǳá
ˣʩˣ̫ƽ۵÷ûгԣСʳ߹ЦԳԷˣʩൽΪֹܹˡ
Ϊ£Ҳ࣬Щʿǡ̫ƽ˵һҪԸʿǷޱⶼԼǮġ
ܹĵӺиġС˵⻰ʱȻһįζ
̫ƽʵǲ㽨һʩģ
ǵģܹͻúܺãҲԸӺˡڰܹﰡСЦ
ҸҲˡ̫ƽȻƵ˵


303µ̰

ܹɱᣬҿɲΪ˼㣬ΪҹҪߵġС˵
̫ƽһǺѾЩʧˡ
ʱӺˡ
æ
ӺЦ֮ǰ̫æˣûʱǡʩ˳𣿡
Ӻĸһжǳ˳Сӹ˵
Ӻ˵ͷͺá
ӺˡС˵
ӺСӵļ򣬡˾ͺá仰ʾСӺ̫ƽһͺá
ҲӺּɵġ
̫ƽȴ˵ҴһЩƷҪַʿǡȻӺˣҷַ˰ɣֻŮ֮ԷַҲԵò㡣
Сȴ˵ܹӺôæû취ġ˵ˣߵĿ㲻ȥίбôأ
ΪԼֻϣ°ܶһ·̫ƽɫȻӺûʱ䣬ûϵԼȥɡ
Ӻ˵СӣܹһŮӼңȷ㣬һȥɣҲöӦ
СӱܾģȻһܹﲻ㲻Ҫҿ԰ַ
˿ȥ΢һĽꡣ
̫ƽϳˣⲻǸղŶŷү
ŷү߹лһޣ·һҡһڵģЦȥַ಻ѽҿԸ͡˵ˣֲ̫࣬顣
⻰Сӡ
̫ƽһСӡСֻ΢΢һЦ˵
̫ƽ˵Լ£һᴦġŷүˡ˵˹ȥҲŷүĻᡣ
ŮȤŷүȴЦݣ̫ƽıӰ˸ָ
СӵһЦŷү߹ȥʱŷүȻס
С̫࣬ôǲܹܹȥҲȥʲôģ㲻ҪԼݡŷүƵ˵
С˵ŷү۹λǾǧ֮꣬ϣҪ¹ɣѵŷҵүôûò𣿡
㡭ŷүһŤ㲻ǸвŮ̫࣬ΪʲôҪ¹Ϊ̫󣬾ͬܺԺյŷ𣿡
СӰڰ֡ô˵ҽվͷҪŷү¹򲻿ˡ
ȻС֣һƴŷүϥϡ
˭֪ŷү˫һǰһ㣬͹ȥ
үūæȥ
ŷүˣȥҪ
СӶûжŷүˤˡ
㡭㾹Ȼ㱾үŷүܻ
Ӻ˵ŷүǽܹһ𣬶Ϊ֣㲻Ҫ¡
СЦҪ¡ҲȰѱ¸ˣҪȻ͵ɷʴ׵ĵ㲻᲻ɣ
ŷүˣǸƣҲ˵ġ
СЦȻһԡ
̫ƽŷү뿪ˣ֪Сûٽѵ
ֳںġ
ҺѩͣˣҪȻ·ϸж໬ءٸ߸߾ŵ˵
̫ƽЦֻǽúڣ࣬սǰߣǵɲǿġɲֹ죬ȴûкء
ܹƽ⡣СֺȻ̫ƽ֣߳
Ӻ˵ͷܹʿǱضʿǡ
̫ƽЦǡ
ˡҲҪǫˣǶֻ࣬Ǹ˾ְˡСЦ
˵;ᡣ̫ƽСһۡߵǰȥˡ
ӺЦһŮԸ㶷죬˵Ȥ
СƲƲ졣˵ʲôüëȴ΢΢һɡ
̫ƽȻʼַƷ
ʿǿôƯĹڷַһʿܸǡ
Ӻû˵ǿôƯĹﶼǰˣǻʲôɲŬأ
ǣʿǷ׷׾˫ִȵ
̫ƽȻվڸ̨СӲվһ
̰ӿȥܸоЩ⡣̫ƽüëһ
̰ӺԶġС˵ûܴӺƤӵ£
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵ǣ̰ӵǲӦôֱġ
СһΪʲô
Ϊֱ̫ĵطױˮ壬̰ػһЩֿܵסˮ̫ƽ˵̰һ⡣
СӾеӺˣ㽫⣬߸Ӻ
Ӻ˵Ƶ̰ӵǱɽʿ֮ǰǸŷģˡѵ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ôйһʲ֪𣿡


304Ϊ

Ӻ˵ˣʿƺõ̰ͼ֮󣬾Ͳˣһ鶼û¡
ˣôôأ̫ƽɲɵӣжԾѽ
Ӻ˵ܹ˼ǣλʿǲģǱɱģ
̫ƽ˵ͷǡȻΪλһ̰أ
Ӻ˵ϻȥ顣
СЦܹҲ˺ܶˣȥϢɡ
̫ƽ˵ͷӺ
ʻšһƬ˪ס
˵쿴ɫ
̫ƽƿӣֻһԣ̾˿˵Ʋ
˭˵ģΪûĿȻСӡ̫ƽ¹
㡭̫ƽȻҧгݵ˵治ء
ֻϣܹĿСӺȻͷ̫ƽЦ
ղСӵǶ»֮ҹɸɴ̫ƽţţͺˡ
Լôأ
æѳһקסԼ
ǣղ̫ƽߺ˵ͱСӿˡ
ǣ·ȻŷүźܶŹΧǡ
С̫࣬ҵҪʲô¾̫ƽŷүЦ
ˡٴ󾪣ĺھͺˡ
̫ƽô๭֡ҲЩż벻ŷү
ǻɹʩģŷүɱˣŹ
ǣŷүƺȫȻǲһƵġ
µľ֣ûӵ·
̫ƽƿ˵ŷүɱκһ㶼ǳԲ˶ߵģֵǿǸԩ޳𡣡
ŷү˵ܹˣɱ̫࣬ҵΪҵϲŷôġ㣬ܹҵȻɱ㡣ǣԸⲻһУ
ŷүδ̫ˡҪ˵ɱңܹҾҲǺʵܹѾӺδˡŷү᲻֪ɣСӵһЦûһż
¹һĵܡ
̫ƽһۣͳסˡ
ŷү˵ҪŮˣûòģǶģѻģδġ
޳ܡ̲ס
С˵ܹ𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷأ㲻£ұҲ¡
¹СӲЦڲࡣôẦأ
ٷϻˣǸ̫ࡣ̫ƽˣɱۣŷү¶һ档
̫ƽ룬ˣôˣСôԸˣѵСǱ
ʸѾɷ˵ط˹
Сνýӣȥˡ
ЩʸСӴ֮еڵϣеķϡ
СæٴΰǰѼʸ򿪡
ǣжģϾЩʸ̫ˡģСӵ书ѾǳǿˣԲűܿˡ
ֻҪ书΢һ㣬ܾͱˡ
ټϣСӻҪ̫ƽǡ
Сֱһ
̫ƽæɱŷүǳ쵰컯֮£ɱǲǣ㲻֡ãϺ̫ˡ㲻𣿡
ŷүһ԰̫
ԭŷү̫أ
ǣŷүǱŽ̫Ҳŷô졣
̫࣬͡ŷүָСӴ˵
ʿøˣ籩һ㡣
Сһ
̫ƽˡȥСӻģ
ǣ鼱֮£̫ƽеְͣɣҸ߾ˣ
ŷүһģ
Ҫ̫ƽСӾȻг̫ƽķ
ҪҡСӳ嵽̫ƽߡ
ʸ˹
Сƿ̫ƽԼ±Ҫ
СӲҽһ
̫ƽΪʱСƿûˡ
ͷ¹Сһͷ˿ٲһ㣬ɢСɫ԰ףصȥ
Ϊ̫ƽСӲûзűҪģ
ֻСӵˡ
̫ƽæȥСӵͷ
ʱŷүѾֳͣձȽ塣滹Ⱦ˵Ѫ
磬һûµġϸҽΡ̫ƽסСϵѪ˵
Сҡҡͷܹû¾ͺáϢԽԽ΢
ȴһĨЦ
̫ƽˣȻЩ˺ԼȹСӰ٣죬ҩң
СӿİΪţҸ
ҲҲãźˡ


305¶

áȻŷүһһѶҩ䡣
ȥᣬȴŷүһŸ߿ȥ
̫ƽ˹ȥҩ仹ңҩǾĶңСӻµģ
ŷүЦſ̫ƽС£뿴ġôҩ仹أ
ˡ̫ƽкãҩ仹Ұɣʲôԣ
ʲô𣿡ŷүȥ̫ƽ°͡һǳµ°͡
ܹҪңߡСþǣΪһУѪӿ˳
æȥѹСӵ˿ϣǧ꣬Ϊ롣ͲҪŭ
̫ƽ˵ŷүԩ޳ŹҴӦҪ󡣡
ŷүȻһѱס̫ƽȣ̫ƽһ滬ѽ
̫ƽ۾Ȼô񣬿ǣΪ˾Сӣ̫ƽˡ
ҪСӼֱˡ
԰ҩ𣿡̫ƽŵ
ֵ𣿡ŷү˵ԣҩӸ١
ٽӹæóֹѪҩСӵ˿ϡ
Ȼǳ׾ǣΪ֮ǰ̫ƽ߿˺ܶˡҲˡ
ǵġ̫ƽֻýԼСӶҪˣȻҪˣǰﻰ˵Ҳûʲôϵˣٲ˵Ҳûл˵ˡ
磬ˡ̫ƽ˵
ܹСʵҲֵô
֪ҺáǣǳǡںˣǰûʲôԹǵˡ̫ƽЦȻдЦǸ
ŷүһѰ̫ƽѹѩϣ촽ϣ˹ȥ
̫ƽ۾
ҪСӵģѪӿҺáղŵֹѪҩá
Ҫ֪̫ƽҩɶҩģЧǳĺá
Сӵˣܿͺ˴롣
ȥһѴŷү
ŷү󾪣ˣ
Ҫɱ㡣СӼסŷү죬ҪһȭƱŷүԼİŮˣˣȻûۣǣǱռ˱ˡСôܵˣ
Ҫ̫ƽסˣ㲻ɱɱθϽҪֵģɱ˵ġ
ŷүʢ˵˵ǰ̫ҲɱңʶĸϽң
Сһƴ˹ȥ
ŷүˡ
СӿʼЩŷүɹĹǡ
Ϊ˲ˣ֪ЩҲһţɢɢˡ
СӶû£Ǿӹˡ
СӲ˺ˣղôʱƣ˵ϡ
硣̫ƽɱȥΪȵԼȹڶˤ㲻Ҫ£ǧҪ¡
Сȥ̫ƽᣬܹʵⱲҲֻһŮ
֪̫ƽסСӵ֡
պȻѩ
紵ؼɪĸо
ܹǱ뿪ŷүֻҪݾͺˡС˵꣬˹ȥ
̫ƽæСӣһһһ
߰ɡ̫ƽ
ˡ
Сӵ̫ƽĻ壬ʱ䡣ʱ̡
̫ƽȻ¡
硣̫ƽ֪˵ʲôãֻһζغ֡
Ŀռ䲻ҲСʱҲ̫ƽ˵СӵĻ
ΪСǻԵ״̬̫ƽܹؿˡ
̲סأ̫ƽСӵ
̫ƽʲôʱʼϲСӵģԼ
鲻֪Ͷˣһ
ΪڸղŵĴУСӵĿˡ
̫ƽְСһȻСزλ
̫ƽʱ󾪣СӲ̫
ôزλģ
̫֮ǰҪزλģǣСûб
ô̫ƽ֮󣬾Ȼỹܸˡ
̫ƽˣҲԼΪʲôҪˣûйϵ
ڵˡ
Һ·ûдۣȻСֻ
̫ƽ˰Сӷ˷ͿʼСʽΡ
˿ȻֹѪҩΪˣ˿˺ˣѪ̫ƽҩľ尴ѹš
һֱѹҲǸ̫ƽҲûʲôղ˺ܶǾƣˡ
̫ƽȻסˡ
ٶһɡ
̫ƽҡҡͷȥԵģҳԱ˲ź
ٶ˺̫࣬ƽˣ뵽Сӻûԣæ˵Ұ


306С

Сˣ󻹷һͷ
Сӵɫ˲԰ס
̫ƽԸιࡣ
һһӵιֵǣСȻǻ״̬ܳԵȥ
ʱ䣬̫ƽͷǳذСӲõ
ůůⳡٿˣã֪жôܰ
Ծǧ氮Цϧǧû
ˣƶ졣̫ƽ˵ʱҲˡȥϢɡ
ٴŹǷˡ
ֻʣ̫ƽСˡȴΡ
̫ƽι࣬ͼСҽΡ
ҹˡ
̫ƽ˹Ƿ̲סſڴ˯ˡ
ûãСӾѹˡ
ʵСӸղһֱ״ֻ̬ǶˣƤ̧
ԸǻԲѡ
̫ƽʲô˵ʲôСӿһġ
ʱİˣΪ˾ƣ˯
ͷЩҡĽסȦ覵ĲϿɼ߶Сɵıӣµ촽
СӵģһƬϣʱԶͣ
֣ҷ
̫ƽ˹
ˣ̫ƽһϲȥࡣ
ҪˡСס̫ƽ֣̫ƽ̫ƽ
ڽ̫ƽˣ
̫ƽعͷȥ
Ŀԣĺ۾ˡ
ղţ̫ƽΪ˾СӲһеĳָǰ
СӹȥȻ̫ƽˣһֱã̫ƽԼĸ飬ȶԸıġ
ԣΪ̫ƽõĿ£Сûн̫ƽİѡ˷ӱܵģܾġ
ǣһΣС̫̿ƽİǲܸıġǿ̹ĵġ
СͬʱҲԼġԭҲһġ˵ذ̫ƽ
硣̫ƽڽе
˵ĸһӾ̣һ
磬ȻΪ˾ҶΪʲôͲչһأ̫ƽ¸ҵġ
СӺô࣬빲ְĸͲһˡ
˵ˣСҲǸְĲһˣ
ΪְĲãͷСӡڲСʲô޶ԡ
ô̫ƽԼԼˡ
̫ƽȻѾ޷Сӣ;¸ҵذһ
ǰڰ̫ƽ¸ҵġ
ʱСķѾ̫ƽ壬̫ƽ˵̫ƽӽԺԶ᲻㡣
̫ƽ˵ͷ
ǡ̫ƽм£Ҫ㡣С̾˿˵й
Ѿ֪ˣǰ̫ӵĶӡ̫ƽЦԪ
Сһ̫ƽѩ֪סġ
ǣйģһкܶ಻֪̫ƽ˵ҲǿҡһҶġ
С˵Ӧðһи㡣ֻ֮ڰңҲ㡣
Ҳڡ̫ƽЦǸҰҺ޵Ůӡ
С̫ƽʼˡ
ԭԪĸıϴĸֱ˺Ԫһʱ֮˹¶
Ϊ˸ϾɱԼԪҲҪɱ
Ӻĵͬĸܵܣ֪Ұ֮빬Ԫ
ȻΪ˶ĿӺһѻ𣬸ߴңԪѾ
û˻ȥһӣǣԪӺߡ
ӺԪµݺµ֣ӴˣԪӺߵֽ̫࣬Сӡ
СӵòΪСʱҲࡣԳСӣҲϵó
СӺڱ˰̣ϳˣ͸ˡ
Ӻı£Сһɳ࣬Ҹ
꣬ҪĵԭİСӸôǣǿɡ
Ϊ˽ӽʵۣСӻȡΪʵ۵ĸ
ˡԪͷһֱҿ̫ƽΪ㣬ҵ˸𣬾ͼûʲôȤˡ
̫ƽ۾ʪˡһֱΪԼܿ࣬û뵽Ҹࡣ
ԪЦڲˣΪڡ
̫ƽ˵ôһһ𸴳ĸ֮·ǹµһˡ
̫ƽĲƽԪҡҡͷȫԹƽαҪΪңǣأ
ҲҪ𡣡̫ƽĿ⣬һĨԶҵĿһġ
ԪһΪʲô
һ죬һ㡣̫ƽЦԣȻǶҪ𣬳Ҳ࣬Ϊβսأ
Ԫס̫ƽ֣Ĺڷˣᶨ˵ãӴԺǲս롣
ʱȻš


307½ҹ

̫ƽʱһ˭
ôأūѽū﷿˵
̫ƽСһۣСЦЦֻʱװԡ
Ϊʲô̫ƽһҲǼ͵ġ
ΪٿѹˡҾͲܼ㷿ˡԪ۹һǰһ̽Ц᲻뿪ѽ
̫ƽôһԪ˵Щʲôѽ
ٻš
ԪЦҴ˻𣿡
̫ƽ˵ҿ㣬һЦһ
Լ̫ḻԪ˵ţ˸ˮ׼衣
Ԫǲˡ
̫ƽ֪ԪѾˣȴԪߡΪ̫ƽСһˣ
ȻٲˣǣйŮڵ£̫ƽϣԽٵ֪Խá
ǣ̫ƽſڣҲţֱӶŰ˵٣û£㲻ҪϽȥ˯ɡ
ټ̫ƽ˵ˣͷȥˡ
ˡ̫ƽ̯̯֣ôҹ㲻˯Ҫղ裿ҲȲ衣
ԪȻס̫ƽ֣̫ƽ˯Ȳ裬㡣
̫ƽ죬㿴ңһô˯ţ
ԪЦĪ㲻ң
šȻģֻǣҲڵذ˯ѽ̫ƽ˵
Ԫ̾˿ذ̫䣬ǣڴѽ
̫ƽˡ˵治֪ôҪָ
ԪȴץøˣҺץס֣ôܷſ
̫ƽֻԼСֱһ˫ƸסˣůаȫС
̫ƽͷ΢Сӿ̫ƽҫ⣬˵ľ׿ɰ
СӲɵؿסˡ
һֱҿʲô̫ƽװˡ
СЦһŮӣҲ㿴ѵ˭ȥ
̫ƽ˦Сӵ̨֣¡
ԪЦЦʼ裬Ʈ˲㡣
һɣܹ㲻˯Ԫ̫ƽǰһյյ໨ɣʢɫĲۼ
̫ƽֻһۣ˵ǲ̫ˣϲȴ²裬ǵȹٺȰɡ
²²ۡϲϲĺá̫ƽ²θҽ㶬һϲáԪ˵̫꣬ƽǰ⿴ȥ
̫ƽϵ˵ϲȷжãϲ̫࣬ҵѾˣٺôĶ
һѣαҪҹأԪ˵̫ƽۡϣֵʲôԸ˵
֮࣬˵˵ȥô𣿻ʲô˵ġҵĿĿ඼һģ޷ǶǴδ̫ƽȴƽƽһʮĹҡ
ǣĳ˾˭Ԫ˵
Ժ֪ġ̫ƽݸһЦ˹ǷˡⱭ裬ҷ˯ˡ
ŮӼҰҹ˯ɲá
˭㲻˯أ˯ҵȻ˯ˡ
˭㲻˯أҲַ㡣С˵ֻɵĵطǴ̨һ˿Цſ̫ƽ
˵ĵǺҵȻǲϵġ̫ƽһ
Ҳڸ㿪ЦˡԪһֻŷһֻ档
̫ƽԪò˼ҪߣȴԪһסԼ
̫ƽ̫ƽԪȻ̼̫ƽĶĤ
ﰡ̫ƽЦ
û¾ͲԽֻн㡣Ԫ̫ƽ㷢˵
ºͣһ̫ƽĶƮҵĶˡ̫ƽ˵쵽˲Ӹ
ҸһԪ̫ƽĶ䡣
̫ƽƿԪ
ˡ컹Ҫʩءô죬û˯õĻ˭ܳŵסѽ̫ƽˡ
Ԫˮëɣݸ̫ƽ
̫ƽӹԼϲ˲
ԪЦҪҪ·
Ҫ̫ƽˡ
ղⳡѾ齨̫ͥƽһִһּҵܰ
̫ƽڴϣԪȴȻʼ
ʲô̫ƽȵҿ˵ˣⴲֻһ˯
֪ԪЦôʲôĪҪ

Ҫ˯ذ壬ǲҲҪ·أԪѾˡ
̫ƽЩڣΪʲôҪӦԪڷ
ԪаһЦѵƸˣʱһƬڰ
̫ƽæӷ·ѣȥˡ
Ȼ


308ŮΪü

о˴ʣ̫ƽ󾪣æԪ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ܹôˣֻӵذϴһºȴ
̫ƽһ¹ս̫ƽֻǱ紵ˣϳ̫ƽԼȴûбˣԪڵذϣûϴ
̫ƽʱסˡԭˣ
ղţֻǴʱ紵÷ˡO@ˡ
ͲԪ£
̫ƽ̫ʲôʲôˣ
ûûʲô̫ƽ˼ЦЦ
£Ȼ巢졣
ԪΣȻ˴ˣ
ȻܹôϣҲȥ̫𣿡
̫ƽæˣ˭˵ˣ㲻Ҫȥ
ղܹһֱġԪȻӣ̫ƽ
̫ƽæ֣ߣߣȻҽˡ
ˣܹѵҪԻ𣿡Ԫ˫Դϣ˿̫ƽߣһɵĲƮ̫ƽ֪Ԫ촽ϵζոǺ˲ѽ
̫ƽŵ˵㲻ߣȥ˵Ҫߡ
ǣȴסˣԪϡ
̫ƽСáԪЦ˺ˣҲˣ̫ƽҲֻ㣬ֻҪ㲻Ը⡣ҲǿģԸ⣬ôұػ֣Һòã
̫ƽȻЩղŵȷԪ̫ˣͷ˵ҡġ
ģԪ̫ƽͷ
̫ƽͷĬϡ
ԪȻҪ̫ƽ̫ƽһƹȥԪ˴
ԪЦոջ˵ҪأھˡҪıɱ׷𣿡
죬Ҫ˵˵̫ƽȻˣǱ˵δ˵ĻҪںֵزأ
Ԫһ
Ƕ϶û뵽̫ƽôί̾˿˵̫ƽģһһӭȢš
һŮĶʵǻûл˵ʲô˵å
һ̫ƽȻ˯ˣ˯ߺǳΪԪʲôΪεһЩϡŹֵĶȴֹһγԪ
ûеʱԪѹˡ
Ͽһۣ̫ƽ˯أǶ˿ˮ̫ƽõˮ¾͵͵˳ȥ
Сȥ׼̫ƽϲء
ʱѾڳˣԪһǧꡣôѹˣ
ΪʲôҲѹأҵĲѽǴѾߡԪ˵һһ㶵ģô£Сӽ˵ôʱһˣ˵ر
Цǧ꣬㻹˵ʱӢһ㡣
ٷϻһ׼ͣСҪأ˵ɣСϲʲôԶС΢΢һЦЩĸо˵ɣҶСá
̫߳𣿾ǧ꾹ȻҪҼСͣҿԸ߾ǧ꣬ҼСģĶŵǣŵùζˣС㶼ԡЦȥҼС㡣ҪԸҼСء
˵ʲôС㻹˯֪֪СӺǳ
ǧôôҼС㣿ٺٺһЦǧķˡ
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˵Сӣ㿴СӴҷ߳𣿡̫ƽʵ
Сˣūû硣ū￴õأļҪһٳĿɿڵءЦ
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ʲôѽ˵ô죬С˶ôأ
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ǧ˵ɱտˡٱ˵߷̫ƽ˾ǰ̫ƽױ磬ˢڡ
žеԼ۾ĺȦ̫ƽæױ˵ǦҪԼͿһͿ
ЦûùǦ۵ġױûǦۡôȻ뵽ҪˣѵŮΪüݣ
Ѿͷ˵Щʲôѽ̫ƽͬʱҲˣʲôŮΪüݣҲ˺죡
ūҲˡæ¡
ֻպҲ˵ˡ̫ƽɫڿδˣ㿪ЦˣȥʣǦۣ


309

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뵽СΪ˸̫ƽͣô磬ֱ̫֡ƽҲΪСӰ
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ϲǧꡣū澾òȡΪǧǹ⻰ͬġ
̫ƽˣôˣ˷ʱ򡣹ӵ飡
æԼԼͣūҲΪ˹á
Ҫ֪ģϳȥˣˡ죬ȥǦ۰ɡ̫ƽûˡ
СӸǼ̫òãٻ治װô£
Цū澿ǰǦģ
ԭУ㻹ңô£̫ƽǳ٣ᣡ
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̫ƽȴһѶ˹ϸ۵ָں˵ǦۣĨ۾棬ס˸׵۾
ղ֣̫ƽûĨȥ
մôۣǦۣԵð޹⡣
ǰҲ˸ˣ򵥵覶ᡣ̫ƽǷǳĵġ
ٿ̫ƽױݣ޸ͣ
Ȼ̫ƽԺ׼Ȳ裬Сӹˡ
һ㻨Ƶḷ̌˺üֳʳ
ܹϲ㣬ˡСЦ
һƮ
̫ƽһڱӡʲô
𻨸⣬𶹽СЦ㰮Եġ
̫ƽ۾ʪˣⶼ³Ϊ𣿡
ǻм٣ҵĳտǲġСӺٺһЦļԵģذڷϡ
СӵĳĲ
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ٰͷһһģ벻ǵľǧʲôģնŮǿūΪǧɴŮӵˣʲôˣ
ƺڷС̫࣬СһЦʲô
̫ƽȥˣٰ˵ЩʲôˣԼȥ԰ɣǾǧҳԵġ
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첻һǾǧҳԵģ˵Һ˼ʹ͸𣿡̫ƽ˵
Ц֪ˣ֪ˣ˵ܡЦˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷСѾͷ˵ԽԽˣ
ҵءСЦ¡
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˶һۣЦˡ
̫ƽͷ˵߿ôԵȥ
ҪϰߣϰߣȻʱ⾲ãڳԷСΣҪ̫ƽһˣÿһ仰ա
̫ƽˡȴ˵ֻûһƲأȴҪƻѵ㲻֪ҵʹŶҲԲΪ롣
ܹ˼ǳԶұӣҲҾĵطãԺע˵һҿ̲סҪ˵һЩЦˣ˵ôأҲ֪ΪʲôܹҾĳ˵£ҲɵԼˡСЦ
̫ƽ˵ûʲôģʱҼҲֻ㲻֪ˡ
ģС˷ܣ̫ƽڲص̫ˡ
Ҫ˵صĹҾ˭㡣С֪̫ƽ˵СڲԼ
СӵһЦ𣿡
ʱǹˣǧܹ꣬Ӻˡ
ӺСӺ̫ƽһǰһ˳໥ӵѾ֮ǰһˡ
ӺЦɡǽտɱˡ
С˵ǵǣȻӺԹߴˣǵĲԡ
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СӼ򵥵ذŷүҪӺ˵һ顣
벻ˣȴ赭дӺСӵĺ󱳣˿ɺˣ


310

Ӻĸû¡СЦĿȴƮԶԣ˼һŮӡ
ҿҵĸҪ̫ƽĸɣӺЦ
Сӵͷ̫ƽһù
㲻֪̫ƽĺðɣӺСӵļ򣬡̫ƽ㡣ҲǺĵġ
СЦʵһһ󡣡
˵
ȥӺ˵̫ƽ飬ֻΪס޸ˣֻΪ̫ƽ󡭡仰𣿡СӺȻ˵
İ̫ƽˡӺЦ˵Ļʲôʱûأ
СӸ˼ˣлӺ
ҲΪ㵣İһݣУĶʱ޿̲Χ㣬ܻס̫ƽأӺ̾˿Ѿ¶˾Ҫ̫ƽһӦΪ㡣
ӺԼǡһܹͬġСӣķ羰
˷ϲ¾ˬСӾȻյķ羰Ҳøÿˡ
̫ƽҲǸ档
С֮侭ô࣬໥֮˳ŵҪһδ·ǺѺѵģôһѵ·Ҫߣ̫ƽġ
˵̰ϣʿѾˡ
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ⳤˣȷǳġ
̫ƽȥ˳ȻҲİôˡ
˵İһаãֻ̫ڶЩǳʦİա
̫ƽ΢һЩҲԼãȥİա
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Сëӣǲ¡ǳãƫƫֻ߶ҡ̫ƽ⵱ų棬˼İա
̫ƽҲ³İգΪİգֵóĹĺҲȷЦİջǸӣôأֻٽأǽҰͻظȥڻڻǰἰ˵̫ԵӶͻϹꡣҲˣҲ֪ôźá
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̫ƽһ


311º֪

ôҪߣǻҪʩˣô죿̫ƽ˵
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ܱԶæųﱸ׵£ѲҲǡСӵĿԽԽϬˡ
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㻹ΰѽ̫ƽǰǸ˹ֵֻһˣСҧġ
ôҧ𣿡СӺٺһЦ
̫ƽҲЦˡʵжСӣûΪǸȫˡ
ȥԼˣ̫ƽҧһ˵ԼԱˣԲȥˡ
Сùͳ˽ȥҲĿˮ
̫ƽüͷԾͳԣҪ˵ǵġ
˾˵˵ЦЦģһسˡ
ҹĻ١
̫ƽرã˵㴵ɡ
Сӵͷȴת˼֦Ժһ
ˣǵĻ⣬ӳ̫ƽϡ
СӶ
˸У̫ƽţ˫̲סˡ
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Ϊ̫ƽڹ˵˳
ȥ˵ҲšˡС̾˿˵㣬ĺýá


312

ԣ̫ƽϰԣô
̫ƽ˵ǲѵôҪ𣿡
ҪǵǸŮ㣬ҲνΪϲľ㣬̫ƽС˵
̫ƽԼˡ
ȼմ˵ů⣬ϡ̫ƽ˵ҵЩˡ
Сȴ˼ȣòӲڻϿӦиȣ伦ȡǾ䡣
̫ƽЦͲˣӸղŵûԱڷҪ˵ʲô䣬ƫҪ˵ʫ黭⡣ǳ
С˵ˣҲһ㣬ôأ
̫ƽ˵ˣ˵ʿΪʲôأ
С˵ܼ򵥰֪̫࣬˺ˡΪֻ˲ſסܡ
ϣʬ࣬ǡӺƺйǣϣȥ顣̫ƽ
ӺĹǣֻΪʬһ£ʵڱȽϲף̫ƽһһᱻŻԲŰٰšСЦ
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һҽβ˵ʬʲô¡
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ܹҰ㡣СתЦݿ䣬񣬡Һö˶˵Ժ¡ȻͳӲҪ˭Ҿͽ㿴˭ˣô㷴ֹأ
Ʊ硣˵㡣̫ƽʱѾƽߵǰѾ˭ˣڿԳȥ𣿡
СӺٺһЦȻס̫ƽ֣ܹôҪ𣿡
ÿΣסȥѡ̫ƽ̾˿һû˯ء
СЦ˯ɣճҸһ𿴡


313й

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˼ǡڸɽϿճˣɣұȻ㡣СЦȥ˯ɡһʱ򣬱Ȼǿҵġ
̫ƽҧ촽˵ҲǵġҷҪô˯𣿡
СЦһҪϰߵģЩϰߡ
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Ǿ㿪ˡǰɣǶϣС
ܻܲǿңǿԼֻҪйǵˣʲô˵̫ƽ˵
ǣǲ˵ÿ˶һ˵Լʹ
ԭǱҪЮŹµġС˵ǣΪǲйǵ˾ܰȻ𣿡


314

Ǵ󾪣˴ӦģֻҪҳϣǾͲɱǵˣ
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ǵ˾ȻǵвǣɼǶġСЦ
ںˣã˵˵ϣԾȳǵˡ
ã˵ɡ̫ƽæ뿪
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̫ƽ󾪣ʲô
С˵̫ƽҪ˵ʶǸ
һԤС̫ƽǴšѾ˵ģ֮ǰҾͻɹܱû뵽ڽˮˡ
СȻ̫ƽ˳ȥӱߡ
̫ƽڴôСʵ
磬ϧˣûʳںδ̫ƽ̾˿˵ԭһϣҵҸףкڣ
̫ƽ㸸׿϶ĪηôˣǷ˼Ҳ㹻ˡС˵Ϊǳƻÿμ涼ص㣬ԣҳټϣе˶ץסˡ
̫ƽ۾һգ˵һ͵͵뿪ȥϵأ
Сһ˼ǣװӳȥǼ棬ٰи٣
̫ƽͷ
ŵȷǸð취ȴһɹȣܱ֤ǷųȥˣǶԶﲻҳϣҲпܶǲҳϡС˵
ҾÿһԡûĵˣֻǶԼĵġ̫ƽ˵
СЦ̫ƽ˵ܡĪǣ֮Ҳֻϵ𣿡
ģָĲҡ̫ƽСӵĶͷ㣬ô䣬ͷϾȻðôູˮġ
麹⺹ġСЦ
˭϶˯㣬ͦȥˣð麹ˡ̫ƽû˵
ҪҺһѽСӺȻס̫ƽ̫֡ƽþûкҩˡ
ˣôϲҩģ̫ƽҡҡͷڲͬ
ֻҪģҩҲȡСӺٺһЦӡ
ˣ֪ˡ̫ƽЦ壬ȷҪҩġȥҩ
ãҪ̫ƽ㣬ԸҼҩС˵ţ̫ƽֱ
кӻģ̫ƽתˡ
Сæ˹ȥ
ӺڲԶлˡ
Сû취ֻú̫ƽ
̫ƽȥҩʱ˺ü˺ӡ
ǳҪ̫ƽҲҽ
ս⡣̫ƽ˵ⰢܶģѧˣһҲһıļܡ
ǻúѧġĵͷ
ⰢĺûؼڿڸУΪһζˣʱȥζһǳؼĲ衣
Ϊ⣬̫ƽѾѰ飬ȻŽƾݡ
ȰȫڻˣſԽһ
ҪȫڻһҪ졣
ЩǰæϴɾҪõġ̫ƽָָһߵĺң˵
õġǺܹɵİѸ϶ùȥϴɾˡ
ţ̫ƽ˰ĻƾƵĻ
ǿˣ󰢽⣬ĲܼҪգ̫ƽһ˵һ߰Ѻ׼õĸϵ˽ȥ⸨ϷŶٿ˿ζҲǿԵġ
㣬ŵɡһĺóԡЦͷ˵
ԣԼŰɡ̫ƽЦŵͷ
ŻţⰢҲԽԽճ̫ƽЩ費ˡ
㡣ҪɡԸ¡
Уһ԰ɡ̫ƽ˵Žľ˺ǡ
ǺܿģվСʾͿʼĽ
˲ã̫ƽѾˡ˰ѻˣȻѰŽһԵľģɣȳ׸ˣˡ
ʱӺСԶ
СӶƱϸָĦűڣ˵Ӻ˵Ŀģʿǰ졣һ÷蹷ˣ


315¼޲

ǡӺ˵ұҲ֪Ŷǣʿһţϸؼεļ澭
ȡǷţСӿ֮أԭʿһˡ˻ϥ̸Ǹ˺Ȼ蹷ʿ˰ߡ
Ӻ˵ôʿ˽Ӵ֮Ǹڷ蹷֮Ȼҧʿһڣԣʿо綾ˡ
²ǶԵġǣ˾˭ʿΪʲôҪأСһ
Ѿȥˡ˵ӦѾ˲ˡҪҵҲסӺ̾˿˵
ҪҵġӦʬ塣Сһ仰͵衣
ǵġӺ˵ʬʵ̫ࡣҪҵһз蹷Ůˣʮģǲס
ҹˮ
СӺ̫ƽݵԺٴ
ܣâҫۡ
Сӳ̫ƽΪҩ̵ġ
㡣ôﰡ̫ƽţݹȥһ
Сȴûȥץǿס̫ƽ֡
㣬ռұˡ̫ƽ˵ؾ죬˦ȴôҲ˦
ʱһٺɫ֯һƽ洩ϸ˿޶ȹ޶ˡ
СЦߣôܲӯ䣿
ֺ̫ƽ˵
쿴ԲȻٶƲˡСЦ̫ƽ벻ôؼң
ǺϣҿԴؼҵģ̫ƽҡҡͷ
ôͲˣһͿ԰װȥκεطСӺٺһЦ
ʲô̫ƽһ
СЦŴͳһӡ
򿪿Сص˵
̫ƽŰɵش򿪺ӣںиǶһöˮһľӣǾӡ
ӳھ档㿴ǰװؼ𣿡СӺٺһЦ
̫ƽˣΪҿģ㻨ô˼
Сӵ˵ͷȻŮӺ
̫ƽͷžԲԲĻŭţȴƽ˵ϧûҵ
Ӻ˸·֣֤ʿķ踾֮֡СЦţҵҿָɴˣֻǣûҵ֮δ
̫ƽ˵̫£Ӧܴһύٸ
ʱʹ
߹Ŷ£ʰƽװ°Ǵױȹ̫
֪Զޣϣūӵס̫ס߹˵˵Ҳ֣ūӺȻĿ˵ǿǷǼ޲ɣ㲻ӦūӾͲˣҲܱĹĻԼǵãǴҲûѹˡ
߹ȴĸ˻󣬲ӰūʹĹϵ𣿻᲻ս
ģĺˡūԼ˵ˣ㡣̫ЦǴĹȻҪ޸ˣҲҪԼϲŶԡ
߹̾˿
ôˣ˻ˣ㻹ǲ㲻һֱҪ޸ū𣿡̫ú֡
߹Ȼȥ˵ʵŮҲûвӦ
ʲôҪӦˣʲôѵūˣ̫󾪡
߹˵Ůֻ֮ؽ֮á
𣿡̫ҲŮˣ߹ôı仯̫ôо߹϶
ǵġ߹˵۾ȴҿ̫
°ɡٸһ¡Ҳٿһ£Ͼǻ£ѡ˾һʹˡ̫Ц
ǡ߹˳ȥ
ԼĹ߹ūǰʱ͸ĵģʱū˵ֻҪ߹ϲūʲôС
ЩūģΪһȴȥ³ԼİŮȥԼҹȫһĶȷܿɹġ
߹뵽ǲѡ񲻼޸ūӣһľ
̫߹У¶ʵ뷨ʱȷˣϾūӢֳ飬޼۱ѵѽ߹ֲ˼˵ϲūӡ
̫ƽѵĻһȷľġ߹̾˿˵
Ȼ˹ŭ˽˵ūӶԽһƬģΪ˽㣬ڴôã
߹˵Ǻüҽ̣Ҳţںϴ˼һ£Ӳˡ


316񱩶

˵ʲôأÿǹϲİ˹ٺһЦ
߹˵ϲûʲôϲԵġ
Īǽ㲻Ҫ޸ū𣿡˹ЦԺҪΪūˡ
˭˵ҪΪūˣԶǴˡ߹ȻĻˡ
Ȼūһɶõĺɷ򣬿ǣҪ޸߹Ҫģʵ̫ˡ
ͱҪʧȥģǴ˵ݡҪūԶ߿ຮ֮ء
˹ˣ߹Ѿ˾ޡ
Ҳð˹Ц
յӳһƬ죬½½ĻصϡũҲųͷߡ
Ʋ㴵ɢ¶Ĺԣ¹¡ƺƯһӡ
̫ƽųý£һɫƶ£ϣһ˫Ƥѥ
СӴűɫб£һɫȿӡ
ںͤ￴
Сдһʫٰʫֽϣֽһֻ
ȻֽŽ˺ڵ⡣ں
ǧǺٹ
̫ƽֽҲܸˣ˼
СЦֻҪϲͺá
Ȼһɧ
̫ƽһĺɣȥôˣ
СҲȥ
ĺûþͻˣŵ˵ҿǿ߰ɣһȺͽ˵ǹʳˣ
ǲһֱʩΪʲôҪʳѵ͢Ĳ̫ƽһ
áȺͽǱˣֻǱصİգûзˣ˵ʩ͹¡ЩҲǵģö˶˵ӲƫҪǿĺ˵
Ҳô˵ܹϺö˶˵ӣôֺοǿأҲǲܵġ̫ƽ˵
С˵̫ƽ뿪ɡһҪȺͽ˵仰
ɵȺͽǲģ˵ʲôأ̫ƽˣͽԽԽӽˣ㻹Ǹһ߰ɣʲôץηٸǽ
̫ƽǶû˲ŹٵġǱԲھȥǶץηȥƱƴֿʱҲضڶࡣԭҲ޹İգҲɴ֮顣С˵
̫ƽĿᶨǺã磬Ұ㡣Ҳˡ
ǿɲУһҪߡС˵ⲻܹ
ΪʲôԼΣ֮Уȴ㣬ǲ˵ˣҪѵ𣿡̫ƽ˵
С̫ƽͷ˵ͽ㽻ңİȫȴܲˡ˵ˡҸӻ㣬»ܹЩˡ
ʱˣˣкηԸ
ܹߣС̬࣬ݷ
̫ƽ̾˿ֻôū澸ˡ
ʱǿǹˣӺʳ
СӵһЦ˵ûأ
ǳ͢١ôܻûУǿǴš
˭˵͢پҪУЩǳΪ͢ٵģɲ̰īõģǹǸʩġС֪õһ飬Ȼ¹еؿ
ǲ֪ôڴˣУʵ̫ǷˣǿܻҪ
СӵһЦû˵
СӹеýеõеʯͷСӹСȴֻȡ
þˣͰЩȫˡ
Ȼ书ǿǾǧꡣʶǿ˵
ʱСվǶǹҪԵġȴ֪ǿʳˣҲֻάֵһʱзԣȴԶзԡҽҸ˵仰ԸһзԵķ
㲻ƭǰɣǳ͢кˣм֪伲ࣿǰǿȻš
ҪץηҲ׾ٵġȴҪǡһԶԱ顣СӲŲæ
ǰǿʼ˵˵ʲô£
ܼ򵥡Сվذѵ
أҰˣáǧ꣬Ȩһء
¹ڡ
̫ƽȹǰţһ߸šǡ
̫ƽȻˣСǱ߲֪ʲôˡһǾҪȥ
˵Ұƽ͵ݣҾȥˡǷİɡܹǧ൨ģӢ޵Уµġ
ҵúܡ̫ƽ̾˿
Сӻ˹
˹ˡ˼ˣҾ˵ˣһµġ


317¼

ǧ꣬˾ͺˣǹղŲ֪жൣ㡣æȥߴߴ
̫ƽһۣˣ˵
С΢΢һЦһө棬͵̫ƽǰ̫ƽ뿴
̫ƽ˵өʲô˵ġ
С˵ȻǣҿԱħ
ô䣿̫ƽһԼЦˡ
СЦ㿴ҸղץסĵĶө棬ǵҴĵʱֶᷢǡ
ʲô̫ƽЦ㲻ڶҰɣө棬ѵСɶˣ
ɶˣȻǡСЦҾҪչˣҪϸˡ
̫ƽһҲæչ
СչơȻһ͸Сֳˡ
СϸָһᣬС־
ǵֻөڷȥأ
ǸղţСץģȻô죬ͳ˵ˣ
ÿ𣿡СӺٺһЦ˹ȥ㡣
̫ƽӹ£Գڷ衣
ǵƹӳ̫ƽϡ̫ƽϹˡ
ǧԽԽȤˡЦ
̫ƽ˵ϻ˼һֱôȤģòã
һ˵ݡ
Ⱥǿôģ̫ƽʵ
ѾӺˣͻ֪ˡСӷǳ֪ŵ߹ӣͺһŮ
ڼӿĵĺÿɣ̫ƽٺһЦôġ
ڶ졣
̫ƽСһӺӪ
Щ񣬱Ѿǳʳˣʱǡǳڱ㲻˵Ѿ˰취𣿡Ӻһڲ˵
Ӻǵĵ̰ӶҪ½죬Ҫܶ˹ǵĽʿѾƣˣֶУֲ㡣ЩǿǵʿɱƽİʺöˣԣǴ͸ǣǽ̰ӰС̸Ц
ǡôԸ̰أӺǵ˵
ΪʲôԸ⣿ǸǮʳǿΪڷְҵˣô᲻ԸأҲ˵ˣǶͬģʵǲҪǿģֻǶΪˡС˵Ӻ治Ϊ˵Щ䡣伲˱Ƚ̵ʶ
Ӻ˵ǣ͢ǵˡЩǿ̰ӣȲҪ˵ܹܲ˹ˣʲôǷַʳأ
ϣרŵĸˣලǣġǿ֮ǰİ⸽֯Ϳʳ𣿡СЦ
治֮ǰЩնУŮΪ֯ٺòˡ̫ƽҲ޳ɡ
Ӻ˵ͷǾͰտ˵İ졣ܹǿ⣬Ϊ͢һ󹦰Ҫ֪ȻӣǿҲܶ࣬ţٱҲѹסѽһͰߵǿˡ
һǾ仰ûˣǿģǳԵñůŴ󲿷ֵ˶Ҹ͡С˵
ԽԽ֮ˡ֪ˡӺǳˡ
ӺһֱϣСʵ۵ģԡŻСܶʦСӽǸ˫ȫ
ӺС֮ǰ⡣Ǻżġ
ڣСӶ԰աԽɽԽԽԼļˡ
Ӻãڤڤ֮ڱСӡҺܾûȥ̫Ӹˡռһ£
СһӺ֪ǰУǡҲ֪ǰ̫ôġȻݣ»ǻǺαҪǻעأ
Ӻ̾˿˵ǡ̫Ӹǰĵ̰ӵĽġһаã˵Ӧ̫Ӹ硣Һ
ǰ̫Ϳһˡ̫ƽȻ˵
С˵ǵġܹ˵ûΪǰ̫룬ͲҪΪǳ̫¶ˣΪƽԩ¡
ǰ̫ӣڻʵְ֮ݣʵۻܸ
ôСӺӺڵ̰ŬҲͰ׷ˡ
Ӻ̾˿˵ȻܹǱ˽̳ͱһ˼ݣܿ԰ɣ
С۾ˣҽҲ
ӺСӵļ򣬡ԡ
С˵ͷ
ϣϡ
ӺüĸԺһŴӣ˺ܶͷƷϺ֧
СҪȥ̫ƽˣһȥ


318

СĿЦܹοҪأ
£ҵ¡̫ƽЦ㲻ߡ
Сӵ۾ڣܹǣǰ̫ӿǴ˻ϡҺӺΪݣԭǺΣյˡοҪˮأ
˻ˮҶ޷˵ؽȥˣǰ̫ӣ˽µĳϣʲôأ˵ˣ֪̫ƽ˵ͷͷǵ
СЦû취
ӺӪǰĿյϡȻ˼̳
벻ܹҲ᲻ηһеعϵֳллܹӺǳжܱһݡ
ӺˡΪŮӣȴǰ̫ӵУҽҲֻΪԼҲΪ²̫ƽ˵
ô²ллܹӺ˵ݹȥһ㡣
̫ƽӹż̳ݡ
Ȼһ¡
̰ӵ¡
ֻǲ֪ǽж
ŷҵӪŷ׺ŷֵܡ
ˣҵŮŷ£̫ƽݺΪ˱£ֻ½֡ҵĶҲСӺ̫ƽȫʹ·̫ҽҲΪ治֪Ϊʲô̫ƽŮ˺ģȴ޼ƿʩŷʹĴԼĴȡ
ŷһЦ˵磬Ҫż̫ƽŷ䣬ǵĻˡ
ʲô᣿ŷһĪǣץ̫ƽʲôѱ𣿡
ŷڵ˵ͷǡ磬̫ƽȻͬӺСӼǰ̫ӡ˻ϵĶ˵ϻ𣿡
ôû֤ݣʱʸڷϲ͵ˣŷ̾˿˵ܵܰûô׶Ը
ҪԸǣǿ֮ǰôһץסǵ֤ݣ˵ˣܻʵ۵Σ϶ϱġŷ˵
ŷ˵
ŰˡǵԼõġѵ𣿡ŷ˵
þûмˡҵȷǻһҵˣܾСӸ˳ġŷЦãϷŰţһɡ
ҹȻƼ
Сӿ˵ˣҪҪ뿪ˡ
Ӻһ˭Ҫ
ӦŷҵҪˡС΢΢һЦһڲ衣
᲻ΣգŷҵΪʲôںȻҪأ̫ƽĵ˵
ҲµġΪŷҵˡʱѴƣңȻϣʧȥһ֡СӺ˲裬Ҫߡ
̫ƽҲ磬Ҹһȥɡ
СЦǿɲУڿɲǿ磬
ӺЦܹʲôʱʼпˣ
ӺᣬȻЦҡ̫ƽˡ
ӺСӵ˵͵ˣ
СҲЦˣȥһʱزܹͻӺæչһˡ
ġӺЦ
Сˡ̫ƽ̾˿
ܹȥɣµġӺ˵
Ʋ
СѾһ硣
ŷ׺ŷ¹
Сӹ
㻹֪ĶŷЦţôò㾿ȥ
Ҫίȥ졣ҲֻȥˡԲСЦ
ɡŷ˵ӪصأҲûʲôòдˡ
С·һߵʯϡ
ӺŴڹڳҪǰ̫ӣ˵ŷʡ
ûССӻش÷ǳɴࡣ
ûСĲˣΪӦΪ϶סڳ֮ڡӺֱӣ㾹Ȼû˵ŷ˵
СЦӺɲһĳӣǻӡ鵽ʲôҲġѵɱԼĶӲɣ֮ǰʹ¾ģɱǰ̫ӣϾѾǳѹˡ
⻰ԣĴ˻ϵ棬ϾԻɱˣǸĶӣǰ̫ӾһӡŷЦ֮鵽Ӻϵ֤ݡ
ӺΪ˹̹ʣ˵һЩϵĻҲжţûмƽϡ£ûʲôôֻӺ衣С˵
ı֮أǻϻ᲻ᴦӺأŷĿϬ
ʲôıСһλҪӺˡ


319

˵ûӺ̫ϰӦף̫ȥˣӺɣŷ˵
ӺԻλأΪҪԸӺأСӹʵ
ӺȻлλȴʵ۵֮һŷЦ㲻Ҫֻ֪ҪҵӺı֤ݾˡ
ԡҪϾӺձȨô׶ԸġСӳûҪ
ŷһԡֻҪҵ֤ݣҪǰʲôԡ
˵ɡŷЦҴ綼˵ˡ˵ǾȻģӦΪǸ𡣿ǡ
Ҫİܼ򵥡ҪŷҵһСЦ
ŷһ˵˽
Ȼλ˶ң޻˵֪ӺϲܸȻҡҾа취ҵı֤ˡС̾˿˵ҪȻҲɣҲΪġ
㡭ŷڷǳǰ׾ˣ㲻ҪǸġ
һȥС̯̯֣˦
ʲôŷŭ
ŷ˵ܵܣ跢˵Ҳе
磬ѵҪŷڼˡ
ⲻ֤ˣŷ˽
ҧŷһڣʱŷҲǰʯͷԼĽ
£ȥø㡣ŷҲŷڼ˵ʲôˡ
ŷ˵Ϸٴθ㡣ԶҪǾȵġ
˵Ĵ£ûҲϣԵõһЩΡСӵϣûһ˿һĻš
ŷ˵㲻ԸκˣǸġȻ߱ˣҲû֤ݣȫ˵ʱ򣬻˳֮
Ҵû뵽Ҫ߱ˡСЦŷүȻҾӦң˲ɣ˲á
Ҫ̡ŷ˵
СӰһЦŷֵܣϴֱܵס
ȻԸвͬһĺˡ
С֪̫Ϊŷ׵Ů󵱽̫
Գȥŷңô󣬸ûʵӺ
ԣСӲҪ
ȻСӲɵֻһ֤ŷ˽ҲܸŷҶ
ǣȴͨҳŷĵطŷص㡣
ŷ׹ˣһӡ
ͨľһ㻨ƶûС
ôͨĺӻһͱ𣿡Сһ
Ȼŷ״Ǻӣϸ
СӴӣܼ򵥣Ĺȴܸӡ
СӰһ֣ȻӺȻɳһֻϸ
֮죬СӶûа취
ȻǺñСӵ˵ͷ
˵ŷҵıֻ۵һˡŷЦȥӺӺȻ㡣
СӰźãá
³֮Ǳﻹбѡŷ׹Ц
Сˡ
磬ôõװ׸һǵô죿ŷڼˡ
ֻ֪ǵȴ֪ҲǼġҵܵܣѵҲ֪𣿡ŷ룬Ц
硣ˣԶͽһŷڹЦұǣһֱֱֶѡ
ԡţܽ͡ŷЦ
ʱСӸոջصݡԺ￴̫ƽ
̫ƽôôˣ㻹û˯
̫ƽŪЦ⼸ÿնƻᣬûҵ
ԭ̫ƽڵңСһϲ
̫ƽͷǳЦ绨תҪߡ
Сæ׷˹ȥ
һϣðʱŨңʱǳ
Сһ㰡ζ
𰸾̫ƽ˰ӣ
СӿȥǼŨ滹Ʈźܶ༦⡣
̫ƽôˣ㻹ȣΪң㾹Ȼ˲𣿡СӸжˡ
̫ƽЦ˵ûҿɲվҪҨ
СæҨ
̫ƽš
СҨãһһ룬
̫ƽ˵ˣϵʲô
СȡǸӡ


320ҹ

ѽŷҵıСֻ˵ȴûаѱ̫ƽ
̫ƽ̯֣˵ŷҵıͲøҿ𣿡
ǲԡ̫ƽɲͨıСĻ˺㡣С˵
̫ƽ̾˿˵Һܺô죿
Сǿ̫ƽ˹ȥְֵؽ̫ƽôá
̫ƽüë˵һӡͿŷһ˸߳ıŷҵʵСѽ
룬ΪʲôأСһЦ
ҾǱȻ÷ǳ̫ƽ˵ǲڰ󣬶󡣡
Ϊʲôô룿СӺȻ̫ƽǳȤ
֪ģȴƫƫҪҡ̫ƽҡҡͷЦʵŷҪԼʵ۵ġǣûʸԣһߣȻһܻʵۡȨϡҲΪʲôҪоԭףֻ˫ȫܹȥʵԸ
СæƣܹӢͬ
޴һֱΪŷڰʵ໥ðˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ֻǿϧˣǰ̫ӣǲԸŷۣͬԡ
СӵͷӰ¹ⶼղϡ
̫ƽлл㣬ΪҸ˵˾乫С̾˿ͳ
̫ƽе㲻Ծæø첲С˵ԲҲӦ¡
Сӱס̫ƽ鲻Խ̫ƽߣø
СӵĻ̫ƽ÷ǳģǳů
գȻɹһȺҹ
̫ƽ˵о仰ʲô衣쿴ϡ
СЦ裬ҿ춼ڿءֻϣһһ
̫ƽ죬ֺ˵˵ˡ
˭˵ں˵ˣ˵һʵСӺٺһЦ
˱˵Цûã̫ƽȻСӼ˯ˡ
СǶҶһ£°˶ˣ
̫ƽĺ˵ƽȰꡣĽ£۾£ͶӰ
ϻӤĺë۵Ҫһ
Ϊ˲̫ƽСӸһҶ
СһֱţֱƤҲصòˡСһ˺üǷ
̫ƽֻҰһ죬˯
Сҡҡͷ̫ƽûСӾֻܼ
Ȼˣ˷ǳܱ˰
Сҡҡͷָϡһꡱơ
ʾҪ˵
ֻĬ
ֻǣû뵽̫ƽȴʱˡ
̫ƽһԼСӵĻʱͺˣƿСվ
̫ƽ֪ҹˡѾ˯һˡˣҪȻҪӵһճˡСӺٺһЦ
̫ƽ˵ճߣʲô֣ҿûиһ𿴹
СҲվ𣿡
˵ѵһΣǲҪ˵˵ͣҲ岻˰ɣƽʱ˵Ļ࣬ҿɲࡣ
˭˵Һ̫ƽ˵ˡѾŷҸˣֻ½ﻹҪԶһ㡣СӺȻһ
̫ƽ̧ͷȥûϸСӾʹϷȴһ꼻
͸㣬ܹþͺ꼻СЦ
̫ƽˣ治˵Ůú꼻ģѵû˵꼻һ𣿡
Цءճ˵ˡ
С΢΢һЦһ꼻ֻһ֣һһΪժˣԶפС
ˣ˵
ΪҵĻǴĶԲܸжܹСЦ
ˡ̫ƽܽԼţȻҲС͸꼻ˡ
ܹôͱʾ꼻һ꼻ԽܣɼǶôΣһҪϧθ飬Թܹ˵
Сӵ˵ͷԴ϶̫ƽһ쿪ʼҾʹû뵽ҪˣⱲұȻҪһԶ롣ֻǲ˵̫ˡ
Ȼˣұ˾ǣȴûзסǣҰй۲ʫȴ֣ʫȥޡ¶סãҺ֡ΪʫȥģҲǳһʮȥһ¡
ʫȻԷѧˣСһѵҪȥüһʲô𣿡


321޹

ˡ
СӸһţ̫ƽ˵̫ƽҪСʫŮˣпܣѾѾˡ
̫ƽڷˣûг
СȻԼķ䣬˯ˡ
ֽӽβ̫ƽΪǸŮӣСӣȻͻȥ
·ϣϢʱС˵ܹӺˣ֮ǰЩǿ͵ǡŲ֮ǿǻйʿ֮ͻס
̫ƽ˵ͷĿȴֲᣬҸ㿴һĴһӡ
һ䣬Ѿɹ˵꼻
Сһܹǡ
ϴ͸ҵ꼻̫ƽЦ꼻һ֣ʧȥǡҰ꼻ɱ걾ܻлȴԱ㡣
С۾ʪˣ̫ƽˡҶһ㡣
ʫдĺӵƣѾͣļ䣬ټ꼻̫ƽˣͷ
СЦ벻Ϊ㣬꼻ҲˡǸңΪ
̫ƽ˵ͷ
ȴżС֪Լ̫࣬ΪλҪνӽ̫ƽôѵСӸ̫ƽʲôδ
ǿ̫ƽԽԽͶ룬ԽͶԽ͸Ȼˡ
ʹ
ҪˣҲʣϲ
̫ƽСӷֿ󣬾ȥ̫
̫ƽĺ߹ѾʽܾūӵףҿǺòײûϴӦġ̫̾˿˵ǣ⼸գ߹ԲȣԼҲ֪ΪʲôҼҲĬԡҲֻԽˡ
̫ƽһ߹ǳ²ҿʵóġ
̫ƽΪѵΪһ԰ɣ̫̾˿˵Ϻ࣬ǣ⹫ȴ࣬мزˡȻǷǳ۰ΪļŮġ
̫ƽûа취Ȼٺ߹нǣ̫̫ƽȴҲƴǲõġ
ǡ߹޹
￴̫ƽˣϲ̫ƽ߹߶أ˾ͺãóóԵġ
˵̫ƽ˵
Ӧõģ㲻ҪôͺԼһЦ棬Сߣ̫ƽˣ̫һ
̫ƽֻʢȴ֮ˡ
ң߹˹̫ƽˣӦԭ˰ɣ
̫ƽ˵߹γԣֻǳŮˣʸȥ
߹ʵ֮ǰҲãԺ󲻻ˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵Ҵûзϡ
̫ƽ˼ǲǣպѴǿдŸ㣿߹ǵôߣ˵˵ȥҪԼ̫ƽ
̫ƽЦ߹ѣҲʰϻΪһϸĸأȻѴ޷
߹ʧ˵̫ƽҲˡֻҪ㻹ѣҾ;ͺܸˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵߹Ҹղ˵ĺˣһ󳼵ŮΪӵŮݲֻ֣֮ͬʲôѣ
䣬Ȼһ˵úá
̫ƽͷȥֻԺ߹һ·Ĺӣǲ̫
ղŵĹҲ﷢ġ
̫ƽһ߹ôԺȻãǣϾǺˣ˼ҡ
չأǲ߹Ժġǣ߹д̫ƽʱ
̫ƽ㲻Ҫ⣬֮ǰд̫Ӹ磬Ȼһʱˣ̫Ӹˣ㲻ҵġԲԣ߹æ̫ƽ˵Բˣ̫ƽҲǹġ
̫ƽ˵Ȼرһ°ɡӡʼ񲻺ϡ
̫ƽߣȴȻסˣܹҪء
̫ƽ˵ڻʹ̫ӵ²´ȥ̫𣿡
˵ֻܹ˵仰ѣܱ𣿡
̫ƽҪߣҪ׷߹˵̫Ӹ磬˰ɣ̫ƽ˵ͷŹɡҿǺװġ
˵ܹСӾͿӰ𣿡
̫ƽǳ㲻Ҫ˵˵ҵ
Ǿ塣
̫ƽ߹޹棬׷
ס֡ˣܹǷ̫߹ġ̫ӣѵ̫Ҳ𣿡
࣬ٻҺ¡ǳ
Ц֪̫ӵδҵĶ֡
ЦȥܲǣھͲһˡ
ȥʹ
Ȼ˶䡣


322

Ȼɳһذף㿪ˡ
ǣذƺֻһʮʮ
ڣˣ˵ϡ
̫ƽæס࣬ôˣ
˵ܹߡа
̫ƽȥ
ֻóһӳЦӻá
̫ƽһӣСҲһŷҵı
ŷҲһˡ
̫ƽ˵๫ӡڵ֮뿪˵ôأҪϢ
ϺͼŮࡣ
˵̫ӻأ˭뿪
൹ˣ̫ƽô룿
Ȼ˳ǰ̫ӵ£ܹǷ̫ģʲô¡ǵ𡣻̫ӵˡܹɣ
߹Ҳܹ£̫Ӹ磡ݸ߹ܹԺҲлġˡ
ҪܾȻԶһ۵߹һ
Ȼûпϸǣڻʹﴩ۵ģ̫󻹻˭
ڿûʵ̫󶷣æ֮ززˡ
ȴ֪̫󣬶СӼٰġ
ˣСӱҲ뿪ˡǱۼ̫ƽˡɵصͷ΢΢һЦ
౻͵̫ҽȥˣ̫ƽܲܣϾΪ˵ġ
߹Ҳ˹ȥ
̫ƽ߹ڣһ
߹ס̫ƽ˵̫ƽ㻹ҿ̫ˣľ̫Ҳˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵Ҳܹ㡣ϾҲǲѵġңҲ֪̫ӻ
̫ӣδһ֮ӦÿԴˡ
˭õأ
߹ˣ̫ƽ㲻Ҿͺˡ
߹̫ƽ߹ʲҲһˣ߹˵̫ң˵ھܾū֮󣬾Ͳ跹˼̫뵽֮ǰʱģܲҪܾūӡҹʡ
߹˵ͷлǡҲûв跹˼ֻʳѰˣūӲ޹ϵ
ô߹£ﻹūӣͲӦþܾˡ̫ƽ˵
߹ĬţҲܾôຮ֮أֲܹȥ
ūӼȻģôܿأȥ˿ຮ֮أҲҸġ෴˲ˡס˽ݣôأ̫ƽ̾˿˵߹ٺúÿһ°ɣ̫ԭǷԵģǿ˲跹˼ҲˡҪԼԼһزǡ
߹˼͡
̫ƽ˵߹ѩһȷľԼ
߹ˡ
̫ҽҲ˵ʱû¡̫ƽ߽ȥ࣬Ҳá
£ܹţȷӦúúùܹˣҪȻôİδĽɽԼ˵УҪȥ̫˵Ĳ֮¡
๫ӣǻԲġ̫ʲôأǣû϶ˡ̫ƽʾ
ǿԣֱӸ߻ϡӢȻġֱߡ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵̫ǻԼȷģȥͻ˵ѵָϻᴦⲻǣԼԼ𣿡
̾˿ҲУҲУѵ𣿡
˵ȻӲˡ̫ƽ˵ˣͻӾš˵ˣѾǺ๫ӣܴѹգ˳ǻ๫ӻл·𣿡
˵ͷôСǼˣ϶ɱҡԣҾԲʵۡ
̫ƽЦ๫ǻۣˡ
˵ôܹˣ͸ҡҪôɣ
̫ƽ˵ܼ򵥣ͶӺӺڴˡ
һͶ˵ܹҲӺһ·ˣ
๫ӣǹﱾӺδ޺òãȥˣνޱͬ·ˡ
̾˿˵ԭˡ
̫ƽ˵ˣҸͲΪӺΪ๫Ϊ˾ҵ̫ӣ̫ӵǻȻŹ㣬ԡͶӺԸ̫ӣõİ취
˵ͷӺֻҾȥ
˵šȻһ̫ݵһ
Сӷ̫ˡ
̫ƽæҪ´̫˰֡


323¼̫

࣬ӲãҪˣ㣬Ҫ̫ϵ˵
л̫󡣡̾˿ǣΣǱ̫Ӵ˵ġԭ˴ܣʤԽܡΣ̫ʹ˰ǳ
̫һҲ֣书ɲ̫Ӳô˵ķأԭΪ̫ʹ˰
̾˿˵һİұҲ̫ˡ
̫˵˵˵ҼȻ㡣ͱȻΪ˵乫
˵ǣŷҡޱȣõ޲ն񡣡
ŷҵô֪̫һ
˵ܹ֤
̫ƽҲ˵̫ǲŷҵŷүнһʾ֪
̫˵ŷҾȻ˽ɲС¡ƾ֤ͲҪ֣ñŷҲǻ㡣˵ҥ
̫๫˵ģʵ̫ƽ˵ŷ˽رһ£»ϲ֪ҪȻϱȻŷҲôŷˡ
ŷǳ󣬲֪ġ̫̾˿˵϶ŷҸ鸴ӣ׽мɵóȻȥ˵ŷ˽رû֤ױŷҷҧһڡ̫ƽһشϻۣһװҵĻ
̫ƽͷһ衣
˵̫ô˵ŷûа취ˣ
Ҳûа취ȷ䣬ǻõġ̫˵
ֻһҲûϵ֤²֤ܽȷ䡣̾˿˵
ûϵ๫ӣǼȻѾ¶ˣͻٴ¶šġ̫ƽ
ܹľˡ˵
࣬úˣҸ̫ƽˡ̫˵岻ʣҪ̫ƽΪء
̫޹̫
̫ƽ˵̫ǾÿȳɼҸһҩܺá
ǣ̫ƽѹӢժɫãûйҹֱӽѹӢˡ
ѹӢóⶾҲĺҩ
ѹӢΪҩºͣԺͺܶʳĴһҩš
ɺѹӢҶһֹЧܺõ˸
ˮտƺõҶѹӢȥȻһıǡ
ˮܷŵ̫࣬ͺոˡ
ôһʱ֮󣬴֭ճˣȻСȥһ߰ʱ򣬻һÿȥ衣
ʱ֭ɫҲıˡ
Ϊ˱ǡ֭ŨҲɢ۵ζ
̫ƽÿӼĽ裬۲֭Ũ
ͬʱ̫ƽصƿƿ޹޶׼ˡ
ѹӢ˸Ҫ˲װޣ׻
̫ƽ֮󣬸ŹǣѹӢ˸һӡ
װƿҲǸΪ˱ƿ޵Ŀӡ
̫ƽõһͭӡ
ͭӵͺܼ⣬ƿ޵棬ȻѹӢ˸ͭƿ
Ϊ˱˸ζҩԣ̫ƽڷǰƿ޵һƬҶ
ѹӢ˸Чܺã̫һãͲˡ
̫̫ƽͰ˸̫
̫˵ңȥθβأ
Ůģ̫޼óŮĵ¡
̫⣬Сˣ磬һɡ
̫ƽҲƴǣ˵Ůͳ֮ǰԼá

͹ˣ㲻Ҫȥ̫
̫ƽ̫Ժ
ôˣ̫ƽ鲻𣿡̫̫ƽ̾˿˵
̫ƽͷŮҡ
̫˵̫ƽǲİգ
̫ƽһȷ̫ƽҪȥĿȴǼֻΪ˼İա
̫󵱳Ҵ̫ƽһʱ֮䡣Ȼ޴ӽƱ磬ҲóϣϾܲ˵ְĵĶӡ
ģѾóİչˣΪʫҪİա̫ܲܲЦס̫ƽ֣ұϣ㿪ĵģ̫ƽ£Ҫ԰ǡ
л̫󡣡̫ƽ˵ŮҲǲģֻ֮ǰİڶס˼죬ͳŮ飬ˣŮ˼ġİհˡ
֪İպܺãͰ˵ˡ̫ЦۺáŻزʶĺӺáҾϲ㡣
̫ƽߵЦ̫ˡ
ʱݵһߺ£İչˡ
˴̫ƽİձȹȥһ㣬ҲԲˣˣİգǳء


324µѪ

̡Ϥġ
İڽ̫ƽ
̫ƽӿһ˿ů
ܾãİն̣İ˵Ҫжôװ
꣬ǿǽ͡
İգҲ㡣̫ƽ˲̫Ҳˣİվ§ڻ
İհ̫ƽǰ˲䣬ʵ̣Ϊҡ
ɵӡɵۣ̫ƽôİգ̫ƽڵģİջأ
̫Ц̫ƽȻİշǳá
̫ƽˡ
Цİմɰɶ£Ҳϲˣο̫ƽء
Ҳã̫ƽϤӡ̫Ц
˵ĸ˵̫ƽ͸Ӳ˼ˡ
̫ƽЦҲûСֻҪ̫˾ͺá
Ȼ󣬳̫ȥˣ̫ƽİյͷ˵İա̸ԵձǸ⡣
İո˼ˣл̡
ǣ£̫ƽţİ̵سš
أ̫ƽ˫
İ˵̣ҽ߹صĹ°ɣ
߹صĹ¿ɲء̫ƽҡҡͷҿԸ㽲ôʩյġİհԺ󲻹ܷʲô£㶼ҪѧŰӰ
֪ˣ̣һġ
̫ƽİż죬˾ֵĥʱ⡣
ϣ翪ʼˡ
ϷҲˣΪҲ̫֮С
̫ƽİյֹˣȴǳ档Ϊ̫֮ǰûҪϷҲ
һʱ⡣
̫ƽʩܼ࣬ʱغϷ˹ֻͨüëͣ
ȻϷˣ̫ƽеǳ
ڣһ򰲾ĵţ΢ƵҡҷǽǵӰһڶӰӺСöˡ
ʫһͷںڵ㷢ˡ
׹ϹһԽµСӣҰ촽Ϳںģϣһɴǰѣŵǣţˮ֮ǣţԼ
׿Խ¶
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İŵ̫ƽ̣ҲҪȥ
̫ƽæĴİյĺ˵İղҪ¡Ӧ˭Դ㡣
İһ
ʫˣܹô˵ģİյĸףѵԱİ𣿡
̫ƽ˵İô㣬ΪʲôӦúô࣬ӦòϣҰԭ֮ڰɣ
㡭ʫŭ̫ƽ֮ǰҽݽԭģ
⣬Ҳٲʫ㡣㰵ͨ˴̿͹ݺҡΪɵӣ֪̫ƽЦڣİղٻصʫˣ̫ƽµʫ
̫ƽ㣬̺ʫս
㡭ʫ촽ԭͶĴ⣬ӽĿģϧңô㣡̫ƽ𣿡
ʫ㺦㣬㶼ûкʲô̫ƽڰѹõĻ˵˳ʱܴʹޱȡ
ʫһ˵ʲôԾ̫ƽΪʲô֪һУ
̫ƽ̾˿Ц㺦㣬ڻҪӺĶӡˣƲ𣿡
ʫŵú˼̫ƽ󾪡㾿˭ϣѾ亹ˣ
ʱˡ
μʫ̫ƽ
İ˵˳Ļί˵Һ£¡
İղ£бڡ˭۸㣿˵
ʫȴڻ㱣һʱ֮䣬Ȼû˵ľ
ղţ̫ƽӣֱ
ʫĺº£ѵ̫꣬ƽˣ
ʱ̫ˣϾҪʼˣе˶Ҫ
ʫѹ
̫ƽѾİյˡ
̫ƽʫ޽
İպͳһ̫ƽϷһ
ܱҲˣֻԺϷ˵¶ҲҪǣܱˡ
̫ƽ˵ô˭ĸģ
̫ͰôĪʲô𣿡Ϸ˵
ʱ̫һ֧ӣԴ˵Ƕ͸ҵıϵıԶ飬ֻţǿΰ
̫ƽȥȻǶ飬ԲõöĿ˲ֱӣҲƵɶ칤֮ﰡ
ĸ˼̫ƽҲϷ˳޲ѡ
ϷҲЦˡ
Ϸ˵ȻҪֺ̫̫׼ȥ
ڳλҲ޲ѡ
ǣȻһ˴ǱΪʲôѪ


325³

˷׷׿ȥ
̫ƽҲ̫ȥ
ֻ̫ոճ޵֧棬ȻʺѪ̫ˣЩ˺µʧ
ŮԭŲյģǲյҲ顱һˤڵϡ
̫󿴵ˣæ˸ӣԼͷϵıӾȻӵѪֱǴ
ʱϷѾɫ԰ףܹȥ͹̫ǰ̫һ㶼֪͹ȥʱǺõģôѪأ
ϸ䰧ңǶô֮ס̫ǳˡ֪ôץݺ䡣
̫Ϸ˵ûû
̫Ϣŭ򲻿ɡ̫ƽҲ̲ס˳ȥĸץˣⲻ˵Ĺ𣿡
̫ЦӾĸҵġڴ֮ǰһֱװںģûбô˵ĹƣǲҪƸˣĸ䰧ҡˣµ
̫ˣԭ̫ͱȽϼɻЩϷ˱ץˡ
̫ƽȻż̫ͷϣ̫ƽҲ˵ĻʱֻĬĬ˵һߣ̧ͷȴʫϾȻյЦݣ̫ƽˡ
ΪʲôϷ˻ȻʫĹưʫҪ̫֣Ϸץﰡ
Ȼ˶ˣ̫ƽ֪ǣʫһǲ߻ߡ
Щ̫Ѿٿ裬˼ڷˣͷȥˡ
֧ӣ̫ѾӸ̫ƽ̫ƽ˵ĸǱԩģҿúõһϵѪô£ǲɣĸҪ䰧ҡǰҿķϣͳȫȥ顣֮ǰҲٿֻӡ
ǣ̫̫ƽϹϾеӣڷ⣬ǳÿǣļѪҲעĿ
⾿ôأʫôˣϵѪأ
صϹ˵ںˡˣϷҲˣҪǴ·
̫ƽοϣģҪż
Ϸ˵ԪȴʵûãûȨȲĸסʵĸνұӦŵġǣܱһֱ˵̫ǳ¡أȥܻ̫ĸιȥ̫ûУֻһͣίʵ˾֡
ԭ常;ɵڶˡȷ̫ټʼ棬Ȼַ̫ƽ̾˿˵һڣϷ˾Ҫˣ£ܱҲǻߣѲΡ
˵ϷѸߣֲãⱻץôܵסѽ
УҪȥĸסҪȥ̫˵ⶼܱĹơԪ˵Ҫ뿪
褺ܹȥסԪ常Գ嶯̫ƽϸðɡ
̫ƽؿ褺һۣȻͬĸܵܣǺԣ褺Ľñ̫ƽΣҲġ
Ԫ˵̫ƽ˵ǺãΪǲТ˳ĸܿˡ
常츳ģҼǵãĸ˵֮У常츳ã֮ǰΪ̫Ը͵ٵۣͬԣųɽպ֮СҲΡ常δҲøˡ̫ƽߣȴ˷ǳ
£ԪЦ˵öԣҲСˣˡ˵ˣ˵֮ʣҸӲԵġ
褺˵常ĲŻǻ۴ҸףֻҪġ;
Ȼ̫ƽǣȥŴϡ
ϣǸӡ
ӿȥͱӲӺݻ࣬ôӿѪأѪ˭Ѫأ̫ƽϸǱѪǴϵĿ׶ġ
Ҽǵĸ󡣾̴ľװˡڼ䣬¶ҪϷҲûôˣѪʲôʱӽȥģ褺Ҳ÷ǳ֣ڶϡһֱϷЯţǲܳġ
ô˵˵˻ʹűˣ̫ƽüëһ壬ʫյЦݣٴθǰ
ϷߵѾԧ˵˵˻ʹҲû뿪Ϸ˵ģū벻ˣʲôʱʼѪģѵӵ⣿
̫ƽҡҡͷҿˣû⡣ҪӣշǳӣҪʮÿһǲͬĽˡҪҲܰЩȫˣȫˣҲǺܴġû˻Ϊ˰ϷͽΣðôķա


326ش

ԧȻһ˵ūˣϷ˽ʫϷ˲֪ô£һӣʱǺӾ͵ڵϡūΪļϷˣûȥǱū澻عʱͿʫѾӣϷˡΪϷ˼ӣûд򿪹ļҲͲˡ
褺˵ǾˣһֱĸӰ룬ֻʱ򣬱ʫһ¡ʫ϶ʱ򡣶ֽţ
ϷһȻӱʫϷô᲻򿪿һأ̫ƽɵ򿪿ͻ֣ᷢ棬ûѪҺˡ
褺㿴ԧ˵԰
ԧ˵ΪʱܱȻ˵ˣ˻̫ϷһûпͲˣҴҸ·ˡһ̫Եݸ̫
ԭˡô̫յӣȻǻ򿪣ù˼һͷϴġʱѪΣ˱Ȼܿһ˴Ĵû֣бĹˣֻҪһˣ̫ͷϴġȴûСڣ̫󶼰ͷϴһ˰Ҳûг¡̫ƽôԭܼ򵥣ѪǱסˡҲ˵ѪδϵĿնǴͷϣȻġԣӳ˹˵۾
еңѪλʵġ϶·Žȥġ褺˵¾ɵѪҺ̣
̫ƽЦõܵܣԽԽˣȷˡ
Ԫ˵Ҿ̫ɵ㶼˵ϣ̫һ棬Źĸס
û֤ƾʵݣֻ»̫ŭ𡣡̫ƽ̾˿˵ʫҲϣӡ
ʱʫҲѾصָ
ְҹҹ飬ʫѾϰˡ
ݺʫ˹һ裬ʫȴķƷ裬ˮһء
Ϣŭݺ¼ˡ
ʫ˵ûõķҰˣ̫ƽߵļū澣ÿôġôвš书ģҽģģ˵ģֻʲô
ݺһӡ
ʫ˵벻ҾȻ̫ƽƭˡ
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ˣҰèܡʫ
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˭֪èȻʫһͳⲻס˵Ժ
ңʫ󾪣ⲻǹȥסԺô
ΪͲסˣҲû˹ɨʧޣ鲼֩ټûеƣһƬڰ͸Ź졣
ʫȻˣȫ
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ʫ֮ǰ̫ܵƽĴ̼ʱݺ˵Ҳɹģ
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ݺһҽУѪ
ʫϵѪĲ״ҲѪ죬æˡ
ְĻˡ
ʲôְķǳˣΪʲôҪ£ʲôˣ
ʫűסְĵĽ˵ˣ˰
˵ЩʲôְҲˣæ¿ûʲôŴʫһ⣬㵨ҹŪ飬Żң
ǰ˰ʫֻǣ꽵µ̫ƽϣ
ְ˵вϽ̫ҽҽ
İ㲻̫ƽľ̸ֹ𣿾̫ƽҽҲһģһ˾տʫ˵ˡ
˵ѵҽտ𣿡ְ߿ʫңģ治Ӧû
ʫְľȥġˡ
ʱϣҹȺҲظķ䡣Ϣȥˡ
ٸ̫ƽˮɫˣϴϴ˯ɡʲôɡ
̫ƽȴ٣ãƾʫһ˵Ͳô̵ʱڡֽŵġ
ٵͷʱʫѼĺӻϷ˺ܱϾͳˡ˵ʱңϷ˻ҲʫܱһͰźõء
̫ƽͷȻĺŽСˣ˵кҪ£һҪڼ㡣
СĿ̫ƽܱļϸ
Ҫء̫ƽ˵˵롣
СĽˣūиش֣԰Ϸˡ


327ѻ

콲̫ƽ˵ҲǸˣҪԹʵдţٲǸã
С˵㲻֪Ŀڶ࣬ū澸дšһǿūдţƱҪţʱ򣬷˰ѱ
̫ƽ˵ô˵Ҳе㡣á°ɡ
ū澲ˡūۿܱ¶һӣǸӡǺӻǱӣϷ˵һģһ٣ūƾۣƲкβͬġ
ʲô̫ƽ󾪣յһڣ㿴ÿУ
ǧȷС˵
̫ƽ˽ӸСġĽڿԻȥˣעҪСĵ㣬Ϊ㡣ֻҪһ㼣ܹңұضᱣġ
лСķǳĵؽӾˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷѾͷȥȥͦģԽԽˡ
˵ǹܱͬı᲻Ϸ˽ʱ򽻸ʫȻʫٰıӸܱļٱӵˣܱڼٵıĿ׶ѪҺġ
٣ҸոտСģһҪ佱ˣҲȹȥˣȷ̫ƽһڲ裬̾˿˵ֻʫſô̵ʱܱõˮ©ɹ˱ӹϷ˵۾
ԭһģһģôܱҵأٴηʡ
һģһģΪΪܱ࣬СʫҲûУܹȡöǼ˶Ǽڲϵġ̫ƽЦԣֻϵĶǼٵġ
æǱϸƣǹΪʲôūһﲻԣ
̫ƽ˵˼٣һǼ𲻳ģǻʹרҵļʦ콻һֵܹóǲĶ顣
ԭ̫ƽѾ˴㣬ȥʦһơ
Ȼ˾ߣ˯ɡٴ˹Ƿ
˯ɣﻹеһˡ̫ƽغŲ衣
ѵЦ˯˴롣
ǡ̫ƽҡҡͷ
پȥ˯ˡ
̫ƽ棬գƽ
ţֻ©һ˿⡣
ϣһ飬īڷƮɢšƽϵֽϣīûиɡ
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ҹҲǱһζ
һڴڡɢһ㡣ľڣƺͽݹȥǻ֡ľĽǣֱ÷ա
ûãһֻͨëѻ˹
̫ƽԭһϾʶˣЦȥѻȻҲų̫ƽϡ
ұΪ벻濵̫ƽȻѻ˵ѻѻȻҲһԣ̫ƽ
ʱ̫ƽСҲ˵õģȻ㣬˴˾ѻͨš
ԣ̫ƽСӿ϶ʲôҪ˵һֱڵȡ
һֻѻ̫ƽҲǺܸ˵ģæѻȡǷš
С˵Ϸ˱ץߵ£Ѿ˵ˣܱ˱ӣϷ˵ıӸˡ
̫ƽ΢΢һЦʸСӻţд߲һСӢͬ
ѻȥСӿ̫ƽ⼸ЦˣҾ֪ܲµʲôù̫ƽģ
ա
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ʲô̫󾪣ˣʦ
ʦˣϸ۲֮˵ϵĲǶ飬ֻһ顣
̫󾪣֮ǰϷ˵ȷǵõһŶ飬Ҳȷ˰ˣ͸ҡ治Ķ飬ôҵȷǴϷˡȷҪϷˡ
̫ƽ˼ˡ̫֮
ˣϽϷ˷ų̫ε˵ҪúʹϷˡ
̫ƽл̫
Ϸ˱ųʱ㲡·ãؤһ㣬̫ƽ˲ѣæȥסϷˡ
̫˵ϰ·ʳϷˡ̫ƽϽĸȥϢһɡ
̫ƽͷǣ˭˱̫졣
̫˵ģ˾Ȼ䰧ңһҪȻҵɨˡ
˭أ


328·


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ĸȵˮ̫ƽˮ߹ûˣһжûˡ
Ϸɻ̫ƽĺº£ҳôû¹ΣֿడԿҲ£衭㲻֪ʿԶ񡭡
̫ƽϷˣһжȥˡĸûˡ̫Ѿ֪ĸ»ӱʹͶ󷿡
ܵѪ֮࣬ö󷿴Ӵ˲ôҲֵˡϷ۾Ứ
ĸΪ˴󷿺ãŮ֪Ҷ֪̫ƽ˵ҪǣĸӣĸϲסڹУ̫һΪĸžĸϲסڹУĸҲ뿪ؼҡ
Ϸ̾˿һһɡ
̫ƽ˵ŮΪĸΪĸ塣
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ְĲ֪ǲԶˣǳɫƤ£˿һȦȴԵСˣƺûһƴһԽɫĶԣۡ
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İգ㲻Ҫ£ұ㣬ʵ߰ң㸸׼ʫôģ̫Ц
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ְ̾˿˵ܹһﾪˣµȷһֱҳϣϾʫµӣôܳϵ۹˲һİյĺأ
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СӼæ̫̫Ȼ̫ƽЩϾ޶Ȱ͵ģ̫ƽȻȰѾǷǳ뾭ѵˣ̫ƽδŮһᣬ̫ƽҪ޸ְģӶְʫ
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̫˵ִˡȻҪޣҲᷴԣӲļ£ΪܹһҪޣҾʵ̫ڲִˣ֮ǰ
ְæ˵Ҳǣ̫ˡ
ʲôǲǣԿηҪˣ̫ƽӺδޡ̫󻰶ˣְﻹҶԣ


329ѱ

ʱС̲ס˵̫ִֻܹԣİհˡ
İգһŮӼң˵ôûзִ磿ߣִУ̫ƽպִҲӦ˵ǡ̫˵
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ְסİյ˵İգڹҪԣò֪ġΪȥ֪ôҲʫ۸㡣
İվ죬㣬ѵ㻹һȥꣿ
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ְͬɥ֮Ȯˡ
СӸ̫󴷱˵ֻΣִ˻ȥҲδݵʫ
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Ϸ̾˿˵Ҳ֪̫ƽֻ֮ǡ
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ƶ졣ˣϷߵֶ빬ϷȥˣԺ󣬸ϵ£ҪһЩҪȻ¶Ǳ߾ͻ֡ϵ¿ɲܶռˡ̫ƽ˵
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Ͽ˵ã¹شһģһҪϷˡ
Ϸ岻ƫҪҾǶˡұӦܼҡ¶˵ϿԿ׽ңҪȻҾˣ
˭Ǵ󷿵ԿףȻһϵ
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Ϸڻʹ£ǰŸߡڸˣ⴫ȥҲðɣö常Ժڳ͢أ̫ƽɫȵߵߣĸףŮˡ
̫ƽʱ򡣡ʵҿʱ
¶֪̫ƽھԽˣתҪߡ̫ƽȴԺ
̫ǱѾ֪ϷǱ常ʫıģҪԼɷܼȨҪɣ̫ƽЦ


330

ʲô
¶ʧɫæתʵ̫˵ʲôˣϷ˵£Ҽҷкιϵ
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Ѿ̫ƽŲ衣
̫ƽϷ˲ڣĺԼܹܺð̾
ˮȻǡɿڣ̫ƽ˵ĸײؾţ¶Ҳûоɧˡ˵ˣҲѾ߹ĸף֮ǰĸѾĿλ
ǣ̫ƽٹԺĸ׵ģһУɼǵã
ū澼ǵá˵
ʱԪ˵̫ƽˣæϷ˵¡̫ƽ򵥵ؽһ顣
ĸû¾ͺˣζ̫ƽ㣬뵽ôõ⡣ԪͷȹꡣȥԺԺʷˣƼ١
̫ƽ̾˿Ȼ˵ԵܱҲʼıȨˡ
常þãûпˡ̫ƽ˵
Ԫ˵̫ƽϲҸ㲻һĿȸ𣿡
̫ƽ˵۸ˡ
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̫ƽ˵常Ȼ侲£常ͷ
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·ǳܣȻ̫ƽ֪ȷмϸ̫ƽͨ籨šܱӣԺѾߣʮ֮࣬ô֪ĸǣ
ϸҪԭ޷ΪǮΪ̻˭¶̱˵ҿǲֹһο̻͵͵ܽ˴档
˻棿ܱ󾪣̻̫ƽæ裬ȷ̫ƽΪܡǣҶôãôܱأ
¶ЦΪүá޿֣ˡ
ʵ¶Ҳ֪˭ǣȻϲƯ̻ԼߣռԼİ¶Ҫ̻
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¶ţܱɱ̻Ȼܱǳ̻òܱɱҲ©ɱ
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ܱ֮ǰ̫ƽѾĺȥ̻ӵԼ
ܱȻ˸գǳȥ̫ƽƾʲôҵ檣
̫ƽϵܱ̻˵ʱͶңҾ˵˻㡣ܱȨҲǱˡ͸ҵһȥھߡֻҪܱץû¡
л̻ˡ
ܱ˽Ѿȥܱ˹ȥ󵨣Ȼң
ÿɡ̫ƽţЦ常ҪαطôĻأ
ܱŭ̫ƽҪˣƣϿ콻̻ȻҽԲ˶ߣ


331

常ǺôĿ¶常ǲ֪˻ءҪ˵书߶常ˣָˣȥҲδӵóɣ̫ƽЦһƶ
ҪܱԸˣǻô
ԣԺһֱоأ˺ܴԼ˻ء˵㣬ֻҪԸȥԼŻرһ¶С
ܱˡ̫ƽ㣬̹ģؿɲġ
ҪˣССͣʲôأ˵
ܱ˵㶮ʲô̫ƽƶˣС֮Ϸ˲ڣǷ˹̫ƽȥǱɱǶʲô
ˡܱ˳ȥ
ܱʵ̫ˣѵɱ˹㣿ĺɼˣȻ飬ǻʲôūȥɱ
ܱǻߵĺˣɱ˵ˣһŮӣ书ٺãҲ޷ɱƶ˵ܱҲðյġ̫ƽ˵źȲ衣
ū澸¡ĺȴܼᶨ
²µ⣬ûҪʱȥĵطȱ̫ƽŵ˵ϾȻûһ˿š
ȱĺɲš
ͻ֪ˡ̫ƽЦ
ʱԪ֪ܱѾΧ̫ƽǳܹҪ̫ƽȴܱסˡ
ܣ̫ƽ˴Ⱦ㣬ٻطɡܱվ̫ƽԺǰǴ˲Сˡ
Ԫ˵ޣʲôȾҪƻ̫ƽҸոռ̫ƽõúܣΪеɳܣΪ常ôԼӺԼֶŮأ
ȻҺԺȴ飬Ҳ˵ˣҲǶүϵ£˵㣡ܱ˵꣬ˡ
Ԫȥǣȴܱ˸סԪ书ɼˣȥ֮¡ᵽ¡
˵ףҲиˣԾ̫ƽ㡣
˭Ԫʡ
ǧꡣ˵ţͺˡ
˵Ԫ֮ǰǲСӵģΪԪ̫಻вŮΪᣬ²ɣôԵ޹ʹǣ
ǧҲԵ޹ʵعǡ϶Ե޹ʵع̫ƽ㡣˵
ΪʲôԪһʱȻûӦ
Ϊ̫ƽ;ǧꡭϵơܵˡ
ǧ̫డԪȻǳƾ޾ݣôԲ²㣿
ףŮ˵ľʵ˵ˣŮΪ̫ƽãί˵
ԪȴŭˣӺȵΪ̫ƽãͲҪ̫ƽô̫׽أ
̫ôˣ̫Ͳ𣿡Ҳˣ۾Ȼˮ⣡
̫࣬ȻˣǲˣԪ̫Ƿǳĵġ
仰ƺ˺ܵģܿܽ˷ȥ
ԪҲ֪Լղ˵̫Ӳˣ侲ܵķ䡣˵ùŮղźȶ˾ƣһʱȥΪ˾̫ƽȥǸ̫ҲǿԵģɣһһˣȥ˵ǧ꣬ԸԸ㡣Ը̫ƽҾǸͷҲǿԵġ
ܿţ˵˵ʲôʲô˵Ǹǧ꣬һΪ˾̫ƽѵҾ͸׽ˣ׾̫ƽ;ǧ׽ãѵŮ;ǧ׽ͺ𣿡
ܣ˼㿴ֶ˰ɣԪЦʱҴҿھͳɡ
ǵڼڣֻǵʹҲҪˡ
Ͼϡǧ겻´ġԪ˵
֪ˡֵ
Ȼˣ᲻֪̫ǵӰԪٺһЦ߰ɣȥءǺ;ǧ˵仰ˣôûʱ䣿
ҲΪ̫ƽżȻڹȥ϶бܾķաǾһĥӲݣʰȥˡ
ʱܱȴǷǳ̫ƽСŮȻԼ˻ذҽȥҲֻܰΧˡ
¶˵ҸոտԪŮڵϹҲţòǳȥ̫ƽȱİɣ
ȫܡôˡǻȥȱأܱЦ£һ̫ƽԺͷŶʱ̫ƽôǿ壬ҲжҪȵ졣
¶ˣҲΪһ˫зϵĽűˡ
ĸף̫ƽĻ𣿡Ȼ⣬߽һˡ


332̿

͸ŵġ¹⣬¶𿴵һŲ԰׵ġŤ
ˣ
ιˣ
磬㶼֪ˣ¶ʹĵ˵ϣ͵Զĳ֮ˣΪﲻ̫ڱ£Ӳϣȥĵ°
ĸף̫ƽҵ˺ǡֻסޣסԼжôſ־𡣲һСĿɱ
ŮϾͿԲشų޼ˣΪ̫ƽϾҪˡܱعЦ
ףԵĻɱ̫ƽܽͷޣҧ˵
ɲУ㻹ܽȥ磬ʱʬˡܱһЦ
Ӧˣһ뵽ԶŮʬҾ˷Ī½һ˯ˡ
ʹ
С԰ʯͷϣȲ衣
վߣ˵ˣڵȴʲô
С˵Ȼǳ϶̫ƽһ£ڵѻĻš
˵ˣܹö˶˵ģôأ
С˵̫ƽ̫˵ʫܱϼӺϷ˵£Ȼסܱܱưոݵġ
˵˼ǣܱ֪·ԻṷǽܹﲻҲǳġ
Ͷˣ˵̫ƽ
ǲǵҲã̫ƽϻۣܷ׻µȴǡܱҪɱڡСӵ۾͸ǣܱʲôóġ
˾ɳѻΪʹ˵أҲ÷ɻˡ
䣬ѻ
˵ѻѻ͵ˡСЦ֣ѻͣ
Сӿ̫ƽšüë
˵ˣּܹ˾㣬ֻǲ֪ȴʲô
Сһģȴǲõġ䲻á
СӰյˣȻתҪߡ
æȥҲʡΪԤУСӻ
˭֪·ϣԪܽסˡ
Ԫмһ̫˵ȥ˵
߹ȥߵɫˣǧܱ꣬Ҫɱ̫ƽ㣬ȥȾɡ
Сӵ˵Ѿ֪ˡҲû˵Ӧ򲻴Ӧתߡ
ܻΪСӲȥܹȥץסСӵ֡˫һ͸Ӻˡ
ǧ꣬Ⱦ̫ƽɣܴ
Сӻͷȥܽżˣ˫ֶڲ
Сӿܷϱŵӣǲ͸̫ƽ
벻̫ƽ͸ˡ
С˵̫ƽܺá
һС˵ʲô
߹˵ǧҪǰأܹϣ̫ƽﱻȣ벻Ҫš
æſ֡
Сתˣߵ÷ǳҴҡ
Ԫ˵ŮҲȥ
ʱϣ¹
ǽҹɱ̫ƽǾáҹ¹֮ǰ֡
ֻǿϧˡ
̾Ϣ𣿡ī˹棬Ҫܱץˡ
̫ƽЦѼ顣˵ľɡ
һҲ빲ġĺæ˵
̫ƽЦԸ⣬һԸأ
ĺһ̫ƽʲô˼
̫ƽĺɵ˵ˡ㿪ЦģҪˡôأԼҲ
ԡǶĺ˵
ޣ˵ôĻȻǻ᳤ġīæ˵
ǿ٣ܱץߡҲ֪ɥĲܱʲô̫ƽ̾˿֪ҾͲٳȥˡ
İɹٺкñһµġĺɰο
ˣ˯ˡһīӣˮ
ôǷﻹôˮô䣬̿ҲˣֱܱΧ棬ǽʡЩ̿ȽϺá̫ƽѵ
ǵģ̿ȷˡĺɺǳīΪùﲻһֱû̿𣬹﷿ĸ¯һֱ̿𣬶ѬҲû١񣬳˹﷿ū澷Ѿ޷ˡ
ֲǼۼҵķԭǷﶼѾû̿ˣҲ˵̫ƽֵ캮ضģѾûǼãʱҷȡůѾǿôأ
ū澣Ӧýʡõġī̾
Ҳֲ㣬̿һǴִϰˣ˭Ҳûϵˡ̫ƽҡҡͷ취ȼü֮
ôأֲ̿𡣡ĺ̾˿˵ֻҪúõģūҲ޺ġ


333¸

⻰ɲô˵ѾǵҲҿûʲô˭ǹ˭Ǽġ̫ƽ˵ߣȥҲջ񡣡
ȥǻȥĺһܱˡ
ɵѾͷ˵ȥ棿ǵԺһƣûпĶѽ̫ƽ˵
Ժ캮ضģ紵ͣпȡůĵطأһֻȸȥĺ˵Ҳʵ
֮޾֮·ûȥô֪û·أ̫ƽǷǳֹۡ
ĺɴŵǰ·̫ƽԺ
ɫ谵ոջѩ͸ָ̫ƽš
а취ˡһ̫ƽ뵽һƣȥɿˣ˵Ѿ߷ЩҲȼһӡ
ǣѾˡ
һЩů͹
̫ƽһ
ūǡǺáĺЦū澣иġ
̫ƽĲӣˡ
ݰɡ̫ˡĺæΧס̫ƽĲӡ
̫ƽ˵ͷҪݣȻ
ѵǣСˣ
ȻСһӻʹһֱֻ嶨յҪ̫ƽķ䡣
ȻܱͼסСӡ
СЦܱ޹ʹסŮǻϣҲٰˡ
ܱ˵ǧ꣬Ƕ£벻Ҫ档˵ˣҪ˵ҹ˽լΥ档
СսȭͷٷϻϷܹҪȻΪסң
ܱĿһЦֻһ̫࣬Īǻ书ɣ
СЦô˵ǾƲԳԷ𣿡
ܱ˵ǧ꣬ѵҵĸϴˣȥ̫Ǩŭɡ
СЦܹҺѣΪ㱻̫ҲԹ޻ڡ
̫ƽ仰̵ġǣʶؾ͵΢Ц
ܿ죬ſˣСӳ⡣
˵ܱѾСӽˡ
ܱ书ҲȻܱСӶʱڽˣɼСӵ书֮Զ
ܹ㲻ٴˣҪϴ뿪Сſڸ˵
ǰǧ˵еġֻܱʱˣȾǧˣܱŹģﻹǿ߰ɡī˵
ǰĺҲ˵
ˣôأ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ﲻõūǡū澶书ᱣҵġĺɵһŵ
īЦǰķﶼǻأܱҲǽȥġ
̫ƽԥ
С˵ܱ׼ȻһȭɣǣкܶѾȫ뿪Ϊ˲ֳĶûᡣ
ܱ֮ǰôģǴأ̫ƽһѵǱ˸ģ
Ȼⲻص㡣صǣܱ϶ģܱĿ㣬Ѿǣϸߡ
ߣ̫ƽһ
ԣߡСصص˵ͷ
㲻̫𣿡̫ƽգգ۾Ҳڻʹȵǧˡ
С˵ǣֻ֪Ҫƽ
̫ƽֿ
Сӵ⣬һ֪
ֻǣѼģȴǵͷһΡ
̫ƽתͷѾ˵زҪ뿪ҵԺӡҵԺʳǳģ̿ҲáֻҪ뿪ܱû취һǡ
ǣ
̫ƽˡ
С߳Сס̫ƽ֡˺
ʱҲϵˡ
̫ƽ˵ٱܱץˣȥɣ
ͷǣȥ
С˵ҲֻӺԽ¡
ҪȥӺǲǣ̾˿Ӻȴھѽ
СЦû¡ҲһҪȥӺ
ӺһˣôԽԽͿˡ
С˵Ӻڻ̰ӡ񷱶࣬Ҳһܻȥʱ䲻˵Ȼ˴¡
̫ƽ˵ԣҪȥһӺڿܱ𣿡
Сӵ˵ͷܹﻹǴ˼
Цˣôڻܹеô
СȻҲ̫ƽ˫˫ȥ
ʧҹɫ
ܽ붨ҵٵʱܱòڡ
ߡסٵ֣ܡ
һ˵ôȥȹ
˵ﻹҪҾ𣿡


334¸

ĪǣǧѾǹˣپϲ
ȻԾǧ˵ûʲôܹҪġ̾˿˵
ʧ˵ƺġ
ˣܹ㶼ƽҲȻǿĵġ˵߰ɣѾסˣȴȥһܹ֮жᡣ
ˣҺ𣿡
˵֪ⲻϹأûбĸõİ취ˣ㽫һ¡
ˣǸˡ̫ˡٹЦ
ҪЦܱˡסٵͣٵӺˣ˫ֶЩˣΪ־Ȼ
Ȼū澣ݵ΢Ϊ̫ƽãԣȴûбġ
ټϡԭԼȻǼ֣ȶġ
뿪Ұ⡣
ûڣûзٺܼ
ԸⱣ٣ԸԺһ𣬿ǣǶΪ̫ƽҪġ
̫ƽϣܺһΪ
ǣĵŮӣ̫ƽ
ͱ磬Ȼһ̫ƽòá
ϾܱսթĿĲݡ
СӴ̫ƽ뿪̫ԶΪСӵԸһǾãΣյĵطȫĵطġ
̫ƽˡ
ʱҹɫСȴǴ̫ƽ˻ʹſڡ
֪˽Գ̫֪ˣ㣬ôôΣյĵطأѵ־𣿡̫ƽĵ˵
ҽȥ㡣СЦ̫ƽļ˵빬֮ǰѾһ⣬̫󣬰龭Žһ飬̫Ѿڻʹˡ̫󲻻ˡңһġԡ̫ƽҪġ
ҽȥ̫ƽһΪ˾ң˿ɲܱһˣĴǳΣաҵĽǣϽ̫̫ϲ㣬Ȼ취ȫ
СҡҡͷҲ̫Ϊѡ̫ΪѾ˺ܶࡣ
㾿Ҫȥ̫ƽˣСᣬʲôʱ˻ӣ
ҪȥӺܱһͿءңļңȴмҲܻأѵҪһֱҲʹࡣܱҪۣСЦʵм˸㡣һܺõϢ
㻹˵̫ƽֵҺˣдȣͲʹܻȥˡ
ⲻ㺦ңĸԸΪ㸶ܹԶ׵ġ
ס̫ƽȻסСӵ֣֮һҪСľҪСģҪ֪ôһˣԶǹġ
֪ˡСҲס̫ƽ֣ӺдŸңѾ鵽ټˡ
ģ̫ƽһϲԭ滹ţ
ţƺֹһˡСЦΣӺĽǣųߵ㡣
Ҳ˵Ӻʱץס̫ƽһ
ǵģΪģץסﱳĺϻˡСЦʵǵ塣µ̫ˣɣ¶˺ܶ
Ҳ˵ʱڿȥӮˣʵһģԲԣ̫ƽɫ硣ҶģֻǵģҪԼҪһ㡣ȥΪ˸ҲԼܻܲȥ
ףΪ㣬һԼҪһ㡣Сӳŵ
СҪߡ
¡̫ƽסһ塣Сӵ壬ĸ͸ҵڰ͸㡣ϣܹƽ
Сӽӹǰһúġ
Сҹɫ񱼡ɳ۶ȥ
̫ƽ̾˿˻ʹĴš
Ȼûã̫̹ˡ
̫ƽ˳˹
̫Ѿ˯ˣ̫ԸūţܹˣʹܹⷿϢʲôµ˵̫̹˵
̫ƽ˵Ҷл̫󡣡
һҹ̫ƽȻ˯ŵġ
һӷô飬һϵشСӺѾҲûΣգ̫ƽ˯ţ
磬ϣû¡̫ƽҹš
ʱܱѾ֪СӴ̫ƽ£д̫࣬˽Գҹƻҵ¡һͽϣأСˣ
̫ƽѾô죿


335²

ܱһҳȥ
ūʣЩѾһֱŲ涼ǻأҲҽ밡
һȺôˣǾܳʲôֻܳȥܱ
ūǻǲҡ
Ͼص顣ܱϧǵԼ᲻ϧ
ܱūǳȥūǹȻȥˡ
ǰūȥ޻أūҲҲҽȥˡ
ʱСĹׯ
ׯСµһܵطס˺ܶĸӺҲ֪
СһӺӣȻֱӱȥ
С֪һ磬ܱһ빬ϣ٣Сӱܱ빬֮ǰܱ޴
ûãܱķ档Ȼˡ
ܱŭ˯
˽Ϊ׵ģȻСӣ
̫࣬ȻҹܱЦǹģ
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ʲôӺˣ
ܱ󾪣ͷȥСվŵģӺʲô
Ļӣܱпܻʶǣ˿ǴӺ
ܱô᲻ʶ
ӺӺôˣһʱ֮䣬ܱסˡ
ǹˡӺ˵ܱ㵨ΪŲű
һܱͺˣæӺˡˣ֪Ӻݹ٣δԶӭ
ӺЦıܹһ£ҲѾ֪ˡܹǱδޣ㵨ˣգض˸̫ϣֹ̫
ӺˣǶȻûе£ܱˣӺһ˺˵ģ
󵨣㾹Ҷײܹܱ㲻Ҫˣ̫ƽΪ谮ܹģ㾹ȻҪɱܹСӽӹ˵ңһϢҪ㣬ܹѾ빬ϣͻȥ̫ͻϣ
ֱܱ˵Լȥǰ̫ƽһ״ģڿȥ
̫ƽᵱڽҴܱ˵ӺҲ֤ˡ
ô֤ˣѹҲǱסܱˡ
ܱ죬ôܹȥˣȻҲɹӺȥ̰ôô͸Ϲˡ
ǣӺСӶǹƶˣܱС
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ټϣӺǳ
ܱӺԾˡ
ǽܱԲˣȻǷǳżġ
ǰܱϴ齣ܱҲûѹ
ֻȥͨ¶
¶ܱף֪Сֻܱۣ˯ñȽˣǶˣǶôµģ˼˯ƫҪȥһҪˣǲŸ𣿡
¶Ȼˡ
£ڴϺ褺
褺֮ǰȥμҢľۻˣʱ˵ˡܱ˰Χ̫ƽ¡
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ϲá
褺˵ĸףж֮УôԹأ
˵ҶҪԹˣ㣬̫ƽѾ˾ˡʱķﲢûӰҪȥ˭أ
ģ˭̫ƽ㣿褺˼ˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
˵ǹľǧꡣ˵ҲȷУֻ֮ǰܱ˵ġ
˵Ǿǧ꣬ǵġȷпܡΪǧ˰̫ƽ㡣褺Цǧ̫ƽأ
ұȥ֮ǰܱ˻ҽȥˡ˵
ȥ褺˵Ǵ󷿵ĵӡȻǲҶôġ
˵ôǣ̫ƽѾҲҿŰҵõϢ̫ƽ֮ǰǷԸѾǣ˭šҲ֪̫ƽѾǷǳҳϵģֻ̫ƽĻǲ㿪šȥҲǰȥ


336¶Բ

褺˵ĸףˣҲʲô̫ƽھҲܲܵġ
ϼˣҵĶҹģȥ̫ƽأ̫ƽȻǱǧߵģȻǲµġͷİɡ
ԣĸףǧȻǿǣ˽ԳѾ˹棬ѱˡȥ̫ƽ㣿ĸףҽҲȻ˯ˣ㻹ҳȥ̫ƽɣҵõҲҲҸİ
˵ǣҾôһӣڲӿ֮а
ĸףΪξͲӿأҲǳȥԼĽ㣬˭ţ褺һĸװȻǶ˵ġ
㻹ᣬܶûпǵһ룬Ȼô˶ҪӺ̫ƽȥܾȵ̫ƽ𣿲㲻Ȳˣ˺ܶˣǰìܵĽתƵϣ˵ĴѵͲΣգⲻǰԼڲӿ֮𣿡ԭĵ
ĸףǰΣյìͷָңҴڲӿ֮еʱ򣬾̫ƽվңڻȻϡĸ׻ǵ𣿵ұ蹷ҧ˲ȥ̫ƽҡ̫ƽΪҸô࣬վôʲôڼﰲȻ˯أ褺ϵļ򣬡ĸףһֱңҪһеӺӳˣĸŶӡ
Ͽ˵ڣӦýһˡ
褺űͼˡ
ֻȥݷϣ褺û¡
ʱԪû·ϣ褺㡣
̫ƽȥ˻ʹ̫󱣻̫ƽ㣬µġ˵Ǿǧ갲ŵġҺ͵ȥҾǧʱ򣬾ǧ궼źˣǾ㲻ȥҲû¡
褺һϲǾͺáȥҪȥģȥ˷µԼġ
Ǿ͵ȥɡ˵ˡʹȥġ
ʹҲȥܽȥġԪ˵ǣһһϳ
ܱ϶У룬Ӧ˭أ褺㷢ˣܱͲܴ
㲻ǰةΪʦԸةȥϳգգ۾˵
Ҷ벻ң㵹뵽ˣƽҿǺܹעġ褺Ц
˵˵ˣ褺ܵܡǰ˵˵Ҳԭˣǵű˵棬˿Ҫģ˹ġ
֪ˣǵܽ棬Ǳ˭ҿûȤЦġ褺Цˣʱˣȥ˯ɡ
̫ƽȥ̫£ҹʹĶ
ĸôˣ㻹ҪѶʲôʵ
Ｔˣ㻹˯ţ˿ڲˮ˵ƽʱЩҲͰˣڣְ֣ܱľҪʧˣҲʲô
۾˵ôأˣ컹úõأű̫أôܻʧƣ
̫ƽ빬ˡ˵
ĸһΪʲôأ̫ƽ빬ֲңҽʲô˵
̫ƽҵ̫ȥˡզ˵̫ƽǱܱӺСӾȣʹġСˣ氲ģܱ̫ϲܱʹȴɱˡɼͦбµġȻ̫ƽǱСȳСôΪ̫ƽɨܱأ
ôСӲǸ̫࣬ƽʱ̫Ǹ֣ܱǶүСʲôӺܱȲ裬ȻǱʾмǡѾ˺ܶࡣ
Ͳˡ̫ƽǽ˹գ˭֪᲻СϣƼӺˣΡܱ̫ðʧˣôҲһ£óȻ̾˿󡣱иԤУΣǱҪʧʲôˡ
һĸôأ
ͷȻСӺ̫ƽǷܱ̫֮޴ˣȻÿɱ̫ƽϧʯͷԼĽš
ˣĸôأܱȻɱԶҪöˡңøʵΡҲҪʧȥְ
ԣԲ߰̾˵иϢҪ㣬ܱϻغʫݺϷ˵£˵ӺѾҵ֤ˡ
ĸô֪󾪡
˵Ӻߣ˼ϸ


337 

ôӺǻᷴҧһˣ󴷴ȣʱſʼЩ
ԣǸܵУñ˯𣿡վ˵Ҳڵġô࣬Ϲ֮λ¡
ĸҪҪΪǿ˿Ȼ̫ƽǣ˴ֽȥʹͶǺβô˻ᣬɱ̫ƽ
졣ٺܱһ²ࡣ̫ƽôɱ˵ˣ˿ɶˣǲǶҪɱֱ̾йɺɸֵΡ
æͷҲҲУĸֱ˵ˡҪô
˵첻ܷʲô㶼Ҫ˵㱧ְܳţա
ǡ̾˿Ҳ֪Լ޴˭һĸأ
ˣǿԵģѹ򶼷Ƥˡҡҡͷ˵
ĸǶȥϢˡŹǷˣҲҪˣװá
׵ˣһҡҡͷ
տǸոΪһŮһ˸ף̫Ӷϲġ
ȻҹüŮʵϲĲҶͷ
һҹ̫ƽҲ˯ţȻǰ˿Ӱ
˭̫ƽϸϹȥ
ң̫ƽˮ
ӰƮ˽̫ƽ˵
˺̫ƽĸסǣ̫ƽȴܳϡ
̫ƽҲԼΪʲôҳϣΪʲô˵ĺҹ̫ƽ¸ǽжҽһĸס
̫ƽ˵ҹȻǷʲô¡ԹʡʣǲĵģǣԼԹˡؿ̫ƽ촽˶¡
ҲֻڵҹŻ˵ر¶̫ƽİ
̫ƽΨһŮĸ֮ģ᲻
ˣҵĲԣֻһЩС£һᴦõġ̫ƽЦ־۾
ס̫ƽ֣̲ססԼŮ̫ƽû¾ͺáû¾ͺá
̫ƽ۾ˣϣҲû¡
û£Ҿû¡ʵҪҰæģֻ˵ҾƴҲ㡣
ˣܰӦҪĵˡ̫ƽѵҪˣֻǴҲŶల¡
ôȥʹ̫ƽ֪
¹شչǶϳĶϱһ֪ˣ۾֮
ҪҲضǣһٶڵΣڵϦˡ
̫ƽ⻰ʾ̫ƽʲôӦ÷ҡ
һһе̫ܵƽǺܳ嶯ܴġ
ܣ̫ƽ˵ĻҲˡ
̫ƽôˣȻû㶮¡ԲұͲӦùˡִ뿪̫ƽȻᣬȴ͡
һȴǱ˿ˡ
ūǧȷҹȥ̫ƽˣƺһʹޡ˵
ΪʲôҪأ̫ƽȻݣǣ˼ĻᲢడּˣ᲻Ϊ̫ƽĸ˼ͬһˡԣͷʹˣ
˵ôܻˣҹ˯ȥԼֶŮ˼Ǹȥܾõأ
˼ǡ̾˿˵ȷǣ̫Źˡ
˵ǵáͶһ޶ҩ
۾ʱ϶۰мӡˣ͵͵Ͷ˶ҩȴû뵽ûгɹֻǲˣºͲˡ
£ǲŵģΪͶūūҲĿࡣǲܲġֻʱҲǳ˾档
ʱѾôˣֻǲšΪʲôȻû
ֶǼҰôκ˳˶˵ˣ£ҲǷĵġǣûӴ֮䡣˵˿ڲ裬ԭţȻò£˺쳾һ
˵ʱϣҲͬʱһ¡̫ƽҲ˫̥ãﺦˡ
Ȼʲôˡ


338¾Ⱦ

˵ʵѾˣڵʵ̫ƽĸϣʧɫ
ǵģֻܹͣ͵ͨһСֲ
ϲô˵أ̫ƽʧˣ
кθ߼Ц
˵֡ʵҲѾ뵽ˡ
˵ǵģȥһֱ̫ƽ̫ƽﲢҳϡֻҪƿ̫ƽġ
ЦôҲ벻ڲһӣȴΪһΣ̫ڳ嶯չҪһˡ
ˡ
褺ة糯̫ƽȥ̫á
ܱ糯
糯ʵȥ̫
̫ƽ¿˵ΪŮܱҪɱŮϷ¡һΡ
̫˵ܱ޵£ôʸүأ̫ƽʹұӻǻϣ̫ƽӵһʱӲһȥܱүְλ뿪һƬ
ʵһܹҲеǳͬ顣ǣҲֻƬ֮ʰܱǳ͢󳼣޲Ϊ˵һȥĹ٣
ϣŮ˵ʵˣ֤ţԽһʾ֪̫ƽ»ʡ
ϣܱȻҰֵô̫ƽͲ¶Ըܱ
һٶˣܱܶµסһ˵죬²ס˵͡
ʱϷ˹ˣϡܱ֮ǰͬʫӺŮҪӺѾûԡҪ
̫Ҳ˵ϣܱʫˣΪ˼ӺϷˣȻڸҵıϵѪײ˰ҵļաˣϲǾֻɰҽˡ
ϱ˵÷ǳѹã޻ȥ¡
ϣҪ顣ϵļʮū澣ҶѾˡȻһŴԵ
̫ƽһϲȻСӻˡ
Сӻ˶ϵūǣԽܻʵ۵һһʡ
㡣϶ʱͷ
ϣСҲûȽܱǵҪ̫ߴٵСӣúá
ס̫ЩѾǡ
ۼүҪӺѾ˵
ʵǰǻİܱҲˡ
˵ܱܱ޹ʲϳĺ
ǣܱΪӺСѾ״ҹȥ
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˭֪ȥ
ܱȻηǱӣϣ̫ܱͨĬ
ܱ𣬻ʵ۵Ȼˣ˸˳ˮ飬ܱͨ
ʵķң˸ܱܱȻѾǷˡ
˸뿪ˡ
̫˵ðʧ»ûءȻ뿪ˣҲ룬֮ǰݺҵģʫ
̫ƽοܱǻĶү˵˾ˣ鲻ãҲеġ̫һʱ䣬ῴְĵĿġ
̫˵ͷ̫ƽ˵̫ƽΪˡܱ뿪ˣҲ֤ܱӺ񣬽죬ҾûϷ񡣡
л̫Ϸ˺̫ƽȥˡ
СЦȻҪл̫󣬾Ӧþ̫Ŷ԰
̫ƽЦǵȻġ
̫˵Сӣ˽ԳĲԣйķϣһΡ㻹Ҫܶʮ壡
̫ƽæ˵̫ǧ˽ԳҶ̫ҪҰɡ
СӼˣܹʮ壬̫Ѿ⿪ˡ˽ԳȷˣͲҪΪ飬ҪԼǴˡ
̫ƽ˵ǡ
ûµģһͺáСӺٺһЦԸܳͷ
̫̾˿˵СǰϲḶ̌ôǣ飬̫ƽϣСӰ֮ʥҽʥ֣ҽΰɡ
ǡ̫ƽæҩˡ
ָ
๫ȾҡȾҡʫڵϣסְĵĽţ޵Ǹˮ̫ƽȥ̫ǰҼӺĸ̫˵Ҫҵôźð
ҵģΪʲôҪӺ˼ĸأְ˵
ܱҪҰʫˡ
һŮ֮ȴɵ£㾿ʲôְ߿ʫ˸ңʲôĲ磬


339»ָλ

֣ͬһѽУݺݴʫ
ʫһӱɫ԰ףһ
ð๫ᵽ˵ˡʫʵ๫ѵ˵ôˣ㻹û𣿡
ܡʱţֻԽԽ㡣ԽԽڵ£ԽԽְĵϡ
ٴθ֡
÷⡣
ˡǴʫ䣬ڣɪమмӣá
ȸôæְĵĵλҲ˿ɼ
ڣҪĴ˰ġΨһĶӻҪʫŰŰмҲܻأԸס
ʫȢ㡣ҾͼʲôҪĽ𣿹ְĴЦƿʫֳȥȾˡ
ʫ̫ƽһ㡣
ޣȹȥй֮޲
ˣڳˣϷ˱־ϲҵĶڳˡ
Ź£ͷϷ˵ĻĸףӲТԲĸף㵣ˡ
ӣֻҪƽ±ãеʧҲˡϷ˵
˵ϷˣˣүҲƽؼˡô޿أ
ǰĸף磬һԲˣӦø˲ǡԪҲˡ
常б˲ޣԼȴˡ̫ƽ˵
ҲǾã̫ˡԪ˵
ѾྡˡҼū澸ٺóԵĲȥ̫ƽЦ
ǣȻǺ֣ȴƲ֣һ졣
̫ƽ˵ףǲ֪ʲô
ܱ¡ϷѾˡ
ǣܱ۰ĵܵܡ
ܱȰԪ
Ҫ֪ԪΨһͬͬĸܵܰǣȴ۰ܱԿɼܱȨı֮ߡ
Ȼ˺ܾãͷЩ궼ЩʲôѽҲҵŮˣŲֵεֵܣȴҵǡ
ס֪ܸĪɡ٣Ƕڡ̫ƽļ˵
ǰ콫˹Ҳȿ־ȻЩ֣֮ǺͨλѣҲһЩ˵ʵĿνʧ֪ǸϷŹ˵
ĸףҲҲˡ˵ӽһúˡ
ʵ
ˡסϣҲôˣ֪ЩӣڿĿһȻ׹ҵ氮ˣԺһϧ㡣
Ϸ˺ܸˣڶʲôǻƽʲôʯͷˡ
ʱʥּˡ
λȥּ
ԭʵۻָ񶨹үְλ
ʥϷ˿˵Щӣܱ˶үѾˡ쿴ɣģҲۡ
˵Ȼ
̫ƽȴ˵ȻѾؼң˶үôȥʹл̫ˡ
Ϸ֪̫ƽ֮ⲻھƣЦ̫ƽ첻ڻʹɣ
̫Ҫҿܾͻˡ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽȥʹˡ
Ϸ˺ϵİ£ʼٶ
褺涼ˣӼס
˵С棬ȻӣҴûп㣬ڳʤ褺㡣û뵽㾹ȻܱһˡҴ󷿶ݺһپ٣һĵĪ㲻Ϊʲô˺Ϳܵ褺㶼Ҫݺ
˵ǵġСʱǶҺܺãǣֻ褺̫ƽˣûжҺˡôƽأ
ô˵㵹ǹֵСʱ̫ˣСʱͲӦöù褺㡣ǳӽԺûҵ㲻߳ԺӰ벽úóдʾ¼˼
洹ͷɥ뿪ˡ
褺˵Ȼдǣ㲻뿪Ժӣñͺöĸ·һ
˵褺㣬֪ĵǣ£Ѿ¶ġǺܴǣѴô˵طʱҪܽˡͲҪŵˡ
Ȼ񱧽ԪҲڵЩӣТ˳ĸˡ
磬ֵܡԪ˵
ֵܡʵ
Ϸ˿οˡ
ȻΣˣȥ¶
Ϸ˵ͷʱҪ̯ˡ
ʱҳһš
¶ϴͣôأ
Цĸףûꣿ


340´ݻٶ

ѽ磬ôǳңҿǺܿġ㿴̬ڶôӣ㸸ֲǸӵģǹۿ˵ֻͣңֻˣһ໥ָ𰡡¶˵˴뱲ӵĻˣҲȽϾʡ
ЦˡȥתΣ˵ĸףˣ󲮿ԶԸ㡣ȴҶԸҡ
¶һ˵ʲô
꣬ҾҪ޸ԶˣҵδŵӣҲŮҵĶϱ󲮵ȻöңȻôҽЦ̫ƽҲκβҵġ
㡭治Ȼ˵㲻Ůֻ¶ǳʧ˵ͷԷɡֻ벻谮ŮҲ
ʱ˵¶Ϲȥһˡ
磬ڣΪЩ£磬һȥòã¶
Ȼˡ󲮸ֻǽȥûҡ˵ˣҵδޣҪȥЦ
㡭磬ˣ㲻ҵδޣֻԶδŵ檡¶̲סҴˡ
תȥٿԼĸס
¶˿˵磬벻
ߣѵĸ׵ģԼܣҲԼŮ𣿡¶ıӰ

¶ˡ
˵ãôҿ㣿
¶ЦûСһֱԶÿ˺ܺá
ɫ˵ǼȻΪλμӺǣǶϲ𣿡
¶˵󲮣޼漦޹湷仰𣿡
˵ô
¶˵ҷλߣŻȴΪӣӦվһ˵ôܲԸǣ
˵ܱԭģŻġ˵
󲮣˵Կһ㣬Ҳ⡣¶̾˿˵ܱδһҲûˡ
¶̸ˣ˵㴦Ӻǣ⣬ӡҴǶ
Ҫ¶˵ͷҰɣһжҲã㲻ҪǶϳȥ
УҸǶλˡ˵ǶӦá
԰۰硣ʱѶϳȥͲܶŶͷγޣôżұ𣿡¶˼
ǵ£ʲôϵΣȴǷǳؾ
¶˻ȥ磬磬̫ˡ󲮸ҪѶϳˡ
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ûõģҸѾ˺ܶ࣬ǣûȥܻǻ¶ŮǺܹĵġ
һҪȥˡ
ڷ˱
Щˣȫд̰īΣֻҪҰǶϳȥͿˡ֮ǰ̫ƽ˵ķסˣԸ泯ֵ̣⡣˵뷨Ȼ棬δزһԡ
ӦǣүӢϷ˵ˣһˡ
ھȥ㱨ϷɡЦ
ˡ
ʱˣ󲮸
˵ʲô
˵󲮸ֶŮ޹ģֶŮ̫ƽݺȳӡͷ³ͷĸסҶ⡣ǣͷҰ
ҼʱͷˣǳУҪ˵֮˫Ųм̫ƽӺģԼʯͷԼĽţһҶ֪ˡ
ǵġ绹Ʊ硣
ѵҪҰ̽ĻҿҲһͷ
ҲĸױҵģͷˣͷҰûжͷΣ˻˻ġǿӦҲῴҡɲкãܹ͹ˡ
ҲԼѡ޵ģԹҡʯĳ
󲮸ˡίش󲮸Ҫǡ
ٲ䣬ѵűǳԸĨˣ˵Զİ㣬ΣֵĻᡣİ㣬οͰ͵عȥأ
˵ǡѾԶˣһôأ
ֻǹȥ檶ѣûйϵͬڻҲûйϵ˵
󲮸ǹҵġ磬󲮸Ůɣ߰ҹ̵ҲǿԵġŰ


341ӵ

Ȼǲеġ˵ҲҪıʵĺŮŮǵҲȱġ
Ȥ뿪ˡ
ʱڻʹ¯յã̫ƽСԶм˺Բ
ô㲻𣿡̫ƽһЦ˼ڡ
С˵ؿûо㿪ЦˣΪܱ£ҿһüû˯ˡ
ôҲˣ̫ƽ˵žҪվ
Ȼ˼ˣҾͺ˼Ѫһﻹ˯ţ˵ˣڻء˯ʲôСЦٶһɡ
ˡ̫ƽ˿
СЦ̫Ҳ˵ˣϣʹҹ
ղŸ̫õʱ̫ʹҵ˼ֻǾЩ㣬öôˣ궼Ҫ̫󣬲ҹˡڻʹ̫ƽ̾˿˵
޷̫󲻽ġСЦ˵ˣڻʹԿİա
̫ƽĿһᵽİգ̫ƽͼˣİҲڻʹ𣿡
ǵȻģ̫ߣİոųڻʹʲôطСЦˣ̫ƽҲˡӺˡ
Ӻôôͻˣѵ̰Ѿ޺𣿡̫ƽһ
Ȼְĺʫ¡С˵꣬Ŀһݣ˵Ѿҵסˡ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
ӺһڣɢŨҵҹϢ˽
С߹ȥӹӺݹĴ멣ЦӺλҪڻʹˡ
̫ƽӺЦض񣬶Լˡ
̫ƽһЦԼˡҲǸõġ
Ȼ󼸸˾һ
СȥŪԣڴůθˡ
ӺЦֳɵ⣿
С˵ȥԣģ̫һЩ̫˵ҧ⣬ͨͨҡ
̫ߣпڸˡӺЦ
֪ץסûУСȻʡ
ץסˣǣִ̫ˣͬˡӺ̾˿˵Ѿʹˡոգ̫ʱҲ̫
ͺá̫ƽ˿лӺ
лҡӺ˵ҶΪ˿˭ÿϲ㡣
̫ƽˡ
С˵ӺܹƤɱЦ˼ҡ
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ԣհɡӺ˵ϣ̫󡣶Ҫúһ
ӺȻˡ
ˣڿҿϵ𣿱װˣ֪̫ۡƽ˵
Сأġϡһ˵ϣ˵ˣ㲻֪Ǽʮ壬жء
̫ƽҩ򿪣㻹Ͻſ£·Һøҩࡣ
СЦҪҵˣ
̫ƽȴûһ˿ΣȻ˵ҼȻһҽߣӦԲΪȣȻǹ˲ЩС¡
С£С˵ܹﲻ⣬Ȼ͸Ӳˡ
̫ƽСһۡ˵ôأôˣôҲ̫ҽƣ
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˵̫֡ƽⰴЩ
û£ԽأԽܱҡС˵
ۻࡣ̫ƽ̾˿˵
С˵Ϊ㰴ѹԽأԽҩΪҸЧȴô˵ǲҵĹأ
̫ƽЦʲôۣﶼܱ
ϡǣСӻǾۡ
۹ۣŮ֣ᡣ⻬ϸ壬Ǻġ
̫ƽ˵꣬ûпܣࣿС̾˿˵Һܼ
ԽȻõġǼģ֮ǰΪʲôطôأ̫ƽ˵
ΪӭȢѽСЦ
̫ƽˡΪżѽʲôݣʱ˵һݣŻ˺ܶ
Ҳ̫ѽҹζࡣС˵
ͷ뿪ʹµһݣѵԸ𣿡̫ƽ̽˵
СӳĬˡ
ԥֱӾܾ˵ҵķǺصġ̫ƽЦǣÿ𣿾Լܷࡣ
СӺȻתӣ̫ƽüĨǳ̫ƽҿԱһ𣿡
Ϊʲôȳʱ̫ƽЦʣȻ绨


342»

µ̫áСӺȻֽ̫ƽסҲ̫á
ҶѾôˣٶȼꡣ̫ƽ̾˿˵ϸָ˴죬Ц
СҲ̫ƽӰǻ񼤵ѡ
̫ƽҩӣȻЦ磬ˡɫôҲȥϷ˻ᵣҵġ˵ĹһϷһ¡
Сӵͷܿ˰ɣ
ˣ˻ûкãϢȽϺáУҪٳĶˣҿ촽϶ˣǲǳɲԡ̫ƽ˵
ã촽ϵˮݶó
Ȼģ˭أ
˵ţȻ߹˽̫ƽôҲСӣϣС˵Цҽơ
̫ƽЦǧΪ˶˴ҹĲ
߹˵ôǹСӣ𲻳ˡ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵Ҳ˵ˣġתˡ
߹̾˿˵̫ƽʵôģʲôܳϵģ
ˣ߹˵ʲô°ɣ£Ҹ㽲Цô򵥰ɣ̫ƽҪģδϻۣõġСÿһ䶼Ϊ̫ƽ˵
߹ˣ˵磬ӣҾʹӦūӵɡҾˡ
ǹϲˡСӵ˵
߹ȻҪסСӣ磬֪֪ĺϲ㣬֪̫࣬ҲȻϲ㡣
Сæƿ߹߹ءҴûǹ㣬˵ĻһˣҿΪϻᣬ㡣
ûϵһᱣġҲø˺ġ߹ȻͰŸˣ
ʲôСһ
硣̫ϲˣϣҸ˶֮ǰܹһҲвУģ߹˵꣬Ȼ·ӣվСӵǰ
㡭㿪ʲôЦСæתȥߣҪȻҽˡ
磬ѳӣ˽ҶֻΪᱡңѽѵԸҲԸ𣿡߹˵꣬߹סСӵ֣תҺòãһͻӵġ
ԡ߹㲻ҪҶ㲻ȤС˵˦߹֡
߹ųʱʹģ׼һСӲԸ⡣͡
ֻҪСӻˣͿԱˣ
ǶСһ飬֪СӲܣҲһͷ˽ȥ
СӵǹƻԨҲӲڣ
СӲɵӣܿŵζæ߿ӵ档
ǣ߹ȴܡСӵ
СӼˡ
ô죿
߹ѹ·ᱻ˷֡
һ֣СӾƺӶϴˡ
ǣСӽȥǲǿ߹ˣ
СӵģѾȫ̫ƽԡСӲԲ̫ƽ¡
ֻ˫ĿȾۻ࣬Ҳ
ǣ߹϶С
ǣСӴס̫ƽ̫ƽȥ߹гȥ
ǣ̫ƽߵô죬Ѿڻʹˡ
ϴ˽ԳѾˡ
ΣСӲٷ̫⣬ٴγ
ǣôأ
СӺȻ֮䣬Ȼ޲ˡ
ɵؿЦȻҲ޲ߵʱ
ʱСǣȻˡ
Ȼֻ·ġ
С鼱֮£ֻö˵˼ϾС̫ƽӵ
СãԼˣ㲻Ҳڻݺ
ԣŴ
Ȼ֪֮һ㶼ûгЦСӣæ
߽߹·ͻعȥ
ǰС˵߹壬ûʲô˺赹ԣȻ֪ʲôǱžǧꡣ߹Ͼͻѹʱ򡣱ͻȥġ
ǣ𡭡СӺܸжǻǣ㣿
ᣬ߹Ҳǻ£ֻҪ߹ʲôûʧ߹һŵġֻǡα㣬´ξûôˡǧ´ΣԶԶܿɡ˵ˡ
СıӰ̾˿ô֪һƵģ̫ƽʲôϵ
ϴΣȥѰ̫ƽǱ˿ˣСҲˡ
Сӿ̫ƽһҲ뵽ʵݣò̫ƽĸ


343ӭ

õģСӵȻҲõ
߹£˳ˡ
ǣʵȴҲ磬˵ϴοСϷΪˣҪӴҹʼһֱ½СӼϷʵۿ
̫СӣȰСҲˣҪһ¡ֵ֧ס˵ˣҲбҪĲ˵չ˰ҡеæˡ
ʵȴ˵ȻȻ˵һ£û˵ÿ쳪ãÿչһʱȻ뿪Ҳû
һСʱã̫ҡҡͷϣҲ̫
Ѿ̫󣬾һ̫࣬㶼᲻øްɣ
ʵ۶˵ˣ̫Ȼپܾˡ
ʱŻܰ˽ڣ˵ϲ¸߸ʺͻĸһλϣӭȢΪ
Ŷģȷϲ°ǲ֪ļҵĹأʵЦ
ܰ󷽷˵ǻ̳¼ң
ʵһʲôҪȢ˸
ܰæ˵ʣȻãȴ֪ܸ࣬裬ͶΪĬܴ
ϲΪ檣޲ᷴ㣬ǣ˵λ̫ͣôԳΪأʵǿҷԡ
̫˵£¶Ϸ˵˼ɣǳӦϷ˵ֶŮ࣬Ϸ̸֮⡣
ǵģʣ˶ϵĵŮȻͲͶŲˡܰ˵Գһ飬ѾģֻԸһһһ˫ˣ븸ʳȫ
ʵ̾˿£ɶϷ޲ӦġȥɣҪɨ޵¡
ֻܰȥˡ
̫˵˼Ӧѵ͸ܰɫѡ
ϵ˵ͷǵġĸ߹ѾӦ޸ūӡūͷΪҲҪѡһλṫ޸ǵĻӡ˼һ£Ȼū檿϶ʣۺ󹬣ҲֻܰΪʣԡ
ʲôҪܰȢūΪ̫һҲĳ
ûʲôõİūףԱ⿪սٽѺá
̫ˣĪΪĻΪѣ̫Цǰ׵ĻĴβûþ˺
ǡǽսð취ѵĸϣս𣿿˵ģϰգΪ룬δ֮УʵۿЦ
̫˵ǣô죿
һ˸ⱾʹˣҲӦáʵ˵ֵͬ顣
ãôڣȲ˵ϻʫܱӺҵ£Ͽжˣ̫˵ǳء
ʵһ̫˼ǡ
̫˵ӺѾΪҵ˹ؼ
ĸ
ʵã檣С̫˵ѾˣʫȻ˹ͬı̫ƽͶ󷿡̫ƽʱ̿ͣҲ˺ıġ
ʵ۵ָսǣôܵƾƬ֮ʣͶ϶أ
ȻӺҵ֤Ҳ϶֤ţβԲأ
ʵ̫Ѩ˵ҲգҪԼְģô˵
ʱ
̫¶һҹĴˡ˪סҶҲ¶˿ݻƵɫ
һķ٣һ磬ϣһһǳɫȹӣһ˫ɫЬſԼͿĵޢס
ˡ
졣
һͷ˫٣⻹һɫΧϣһɫĶ̰֯¡°һ޿һ˫ɫЬ
߹㡣һȥĸ䡣
üΣвԸΡ˵Ҫ̫ƽ£ȻϾ͹ˡ
ɡЦҪ̫ƽ̫ӲΣ
º޹ء˵
ôþ̫ƽΣ
áɵء
ָ

ϷôʰΣǼ˽ꡣ̫һꡣ
˵ϷΪβūأ
Ǹˣ˭ϷЦûµģôຢңʹҲйŮչңôû˷أ
ūءԧЦ
ǰԧ춼һȥҵճӣʳϰߣԧϤˣ㻹ʲôأϷ˺ܸˣˣҶˣô̫ƽû


344·

κ˶֪̫ƽǱˡ
̫ƽѾ٣֪Ϊ̫ƽôҶҪȥ
Ϸ˺ż̫ƽ죬ô˷أ
ԭ̫ƽյһš
Ƿ˵ѾҪϼ̫ƽ
̫ƽ߳ŵģȻܡ
ڶ⡣ͣһ
̫ƽȥͰ̫ƽ˻ʹ
ˡ
÷Ϯ
̫ƽ룬Ӧ֪ΪʲôҪ˰ɣ˿÷ϵѩ
̫ƽãһƬģˡ
Ѳ˼λ֪̫ƽ˵ֻǣΪᵽ
ЦΪκӵһأ
̫ƽˣǻɵ̫ƽĹϵˣҪԴв̫ƽ
̫ƽϣͻݶضԸĿģΪԼй
Ϊ˱Ű̫ƽЦ裬ҺѾ뿪ĸ׳һģһҼ飬ӵһӦûɣ
Цԭˣء
̫ƽЦ֮治Сûбʲô£ˡ
˵ȻˡȱȲɡ
̫ƽ˵֪Щ˶
ҡҡͷûУ㲢ûкô˵ˣҶ֪ڱˣҲˡҪɱ㡣Ҳôİ취
̫ƽ豭ȴѲˮ˻
ǺôĵӡֺȵǹʹͣҲҪ
ҵĵһܴ󡣹ȥҳԵĺȵģҲжģϧ˵ûáΪһĶҩûڡҾѾŵζˡôĺȥأ̫ƽЦԣҷȰ㲻Ҫöɱҡ
Ʊ˵Ȼɱ㣬Ǳһô
̫ƽҡҡͷңҲ֪ģҲᱻġαĻأ
㣬һ飬ܿ԰ɣѾһ㿴ȸΪˣҲӦøһӰɣ
˵ɡܲõˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵Ҳû취
õֻҪԸǷŹʫְġ٣һηŹĿȻúϬϬ
̫ƽ˵ΪʫﾹȻԷôļңͼʲôأֲʫʲôˡ
Ц֪Լʲô̫ƽ㲻Ӧ֪ԼʲôȻҲ裬Ϊɱһˣһˡ
Ȼ̫ƽԸ͸ˡ̫ƽЦϧˣֵҷŹʫ
ʵ̫ƽ˵ѡ
̫ƽǳҪ
㲻Ҫһ̫ƽ޹ϵİˣ̫ƽܾҲҲԸŹʫΪۡǣôأ
̫ƽԽԺԽŰ
Ǻ֮ҪŰ׵úܡ
ԡ̫ƽűֵúںһ
Ȼ̫ƽںҲû˼ˡ̫ƽΪһҪʫأⲻ㰡ƽҽĵġ
ʫˡȻʴȡ̫ƽЦǺʫôҷȰ㡣ҪʫǶøжˣͲ𣿡
˵ʫɼܴԭϣǿԳΪѡ
Ҹκ˶ѣʫҺ޲ھɱ̫ƽҧгݣתעͲ±ʫ𣿵꣬һֱʫ󣬷ʫ㣬Լķˡ
һ˵ʫýˮ𣿡
Ǳʫġ
ѹ֣֮ʫͳ˺ˡЦΣܿܣҪĸߣĺ
ԼҲȥġ
ŮֻѹҪѡֵεģõʱһľ·Ī̫ƽ˵꣬ˡ
׷ȥ
ڰ֣׷ˣѾõҪĽˡ
˵ǣ̫ƽûдӦӺʫ
Цߵ˵ǵ㵽ΪֹȻ̫ƽû˵ǣ֪ʱҶԸʫˣԲŻȰʫȻŹ


345·

Ӣ˵
̫ƽû߳ʹ·ϾСӡ
ȷе˵Сӵ߿̫ƽȥæϹġ
̫ƽΪ㣿Сż˵
ҲǺúõ𣿡̫ƽЦֻҪҷŹʫ
ԣӦˣСһ԰̫ƽǳȥʫΪûᡣ
̫ƽҡҡͷǡҴӦˣԣȥʫ£Ҫһ
̫ƽĪǣаѱСһҪȻλŹһֱҪˣ
ʫѾʧȥְĵ۰ûкãӣҲҸɣҲʹ༸죬ʹʹ˸á
С˵ǣӺԸְģ֤ظʫӺͻᱻ˵
̫ƽ˵һ뵽취ġӺҪְˣ𣿡
״ѾȥˣһжˡС̾˿˵̫ƽˮգΪʲôȻ
֪ҵĴңڷڵҲҡ̫ƽ˵ǣпԵġҲΪɱһˣһˡֵõġ
С˵˵Ŀԣ
̫ƽ󾪣ô֪
գҶˡô˵ҲѲ¡С̾˿˵
̫ƽ˵ҵôҲǸո֪ŵġ
Ϸ˸ģСʣ¿˿û˲Ÿҽ˵
ǵġ̫ƽ˵£ϷҲзݲġԲ֪ô֮֡
ȷ۾֮ﰡǣҲôáϣҲûСЦ
֮󣬻ϾûôټˡԣϿˣҲġ̫ƽ̾˿˵ֻǣڻʹһסôãȨֵסģѵá
ȷǳ𾴡ôˣȻҲ㡣ûҪ㡣С˵ˣ֮ǡ
ǣ֪ģȻᣬǷǳҵġֻԴΪأñ˷ܡ̫ƽ˵ʵж⡣˼жࡣ
⣬ûһĸײ׶ġֻǻȡ㿴̣ǳס˵ˣ͹ˣ㣬Ѿеܲ˼ˡԪ̾˿˵ԼĸףҲǶġ
Ҫˣĸײûߣֻǻһʽ㡣̫ƽСӵļ򣬰ο
֪Զʵ̫ƽ㻹˵ģ٣㸸ĸڡС˵š۾ʪˡ
ˣʱѹ־ˣʱ򣬾͸⶯ˡ
磬ϣ߳ϣûʲôǻȥġⲻҵ𣿡̫ƽȻ˵ǣԼϣҲвͨġ
Ҳϣο˺ס
ϣȷкܶ£ǻԶȥģˡ
ܹȥģ̡
Ԫ˵֪ˣʵѾȥˣΪ㡣
̫ƽ˵ҿ㿪𣿡
ȻԪ֣ص˵ϡҲû˿ˡ
⻰Ǳ̨ʾǣ̫ƽԪУΨһ
̫ƽһЦˣҪȻȥˣϷ˻أվͽˣءҲüӺġ
̫ƽ㵣ģӺʲôûȥ˵ԼġֻΪ̫ƽϧϾĿǰΪֹȥʫõĻˡС̾˿˵
İɣʫֹͣԡǵĻҲֹͣġ̫ƽ˵õɡ
̫ƽֱ֮СӼӺ
ʲôܹﲻظʫˣΪʲôܹﲻǰ;ϵˡӺʧɫ
ǣ̫ƽȻǰ;ϣΪһǳҪˡС̫ƽ˵
˾ȻҪ̫ƽ𣿡
𲻼һʱǾ˼
ԽԽ˽ܹˣôͷ򳪸ˡӺ˵ȻĿʹΪϾͿΪˣ˭֪֪̫ƽҪ˭ǣ֪ûܹͬ⣬ǲ߱ġ
ǵģҲ˵ǣӺѹ֮·һʱСӰο
Ӻ˲۾Ȼ쳤̾˵Բ㣬뿪ôˣûΪ㱨飬ɲһأģܾãܾá


346

ָϡ
ְĻˣʫŰ£ǰһ¹
ʲô𣿡ְĴŭʫѾ̫ˣ㾿ʲô
ʫʵ֪ˣڸֽǮ֪ôһԭǵġ
졣Ҫ˵ǣ㡣Ҫ㣬Ҳᡭְ˵ȥˣ뵽ԼҲɱͿƲѡ
ǣұץˣ̫һԸġʫ˵Ѿҵ˵ˣȻ˵ˣȥ淢㣬˵ɱ㡣Ҳзݵġ
㡭㾹Ȼвңְһ˹ȥָʫ˵Ųɱ㣿
ʫ˵ǵͰһˡ㲻ǵˣҲ˵ġ
ְ߽ȥȾơ
ƺȵԽ࣬Խѡ
ڣЭˡ
ʫиѻְڻɱʫ
ڣ˵ģһȥ飬ϣ԰㡣ڻǰԼ䡣
ʫЦˣЦЩɥĲ
ְ˳ȥӴ˿ʼҹޡ
ְģģѾ˵ˣȻᱣסǵġ˵ˣϣʫٰﱾأĺܷϱԤڡ
ʱ̫ƽϷ˵ȶˣѾ˻ʹ£Ҳźס޵ˡ
̫ƽС˵Ӻ̫󣬳˵ʱܶʫ̫ϵģǣӺķϡӦڲʫ
̫ƽܺ棬ôӺڳʲô
ܼ򵥣ѻȽϹ㣬ͻϹϵҲʫѻѱṷǽϾѻֻʫһŮС˵Ŀ
ѻĲУʵۻǺһ׵ġ̫ƽҧгݡ
ôһᵽѻͬɱһأСӺ
̫ƽͷܶ¡ֻһ⡣
С̾˿ҲźûоЩ
̫ƽ˵ѩˡ
ǽĵһѩˡǣȴǺСһվѩ
ѩƮ񷱻䡣
ؼ䣬¹ȥֻʣһƬˮ⡣
̫ƽúǣѩƮƮأġ
ˣһƬ
Сӿ̫ƽ̧ͷ۾ѩ̫ƽĽëϡ
̲סһ¡
̫ƽ۾ţ־ֹ
С˵Բ𣬸ղţ̫ˡ
̫ƽȻȥСӻΪ̫ƽҪ⣬ϱ۾ҰɣôңҶ㡣
̫ƽҪΪذѷѩȥ
СӵһͿ
ڷֱ𣬶ȴᡣ
̫ƽڻȥ·ϣȴһ¶Ůӡ
ǸŮӣ̫ƽǳ졣
Ϊ
ͲСˣȴһֱûмˡ
ΪϲˣǣǸȴи֮
Ǹ˾ְġ
̫ƽǵãϲְģʮˡ
ʱûм޸ְʱѾְһˡ
ǣְһֱܾΪְΪ̫Լžܾģ˭ְ֪ĲΪưˡ
һֱΪУҲǳҰ¡Ƕˡ
ʱְģʫ
ְһĶʫסˡﻹʲôΪʫְҲҪˡ
ǣ׺ɣ̫֮ƽټ棬յв˵̫꣬ƽѾûκԹޣеģͬ顣
ΪǶܵúܲҡǶˡ
̫ƽ˵ˣְĽºˡʫңɶְĳĲġ
ܾ˻ʵΪŵ˼ȥﶼᵽְġ
ŭ˻ʵۣʵ۰ڻʹﶼȥ
ˣ⼸꣬ҲϢˡ
꣬ʵۺȻֻΪ˽ˣͽĽ㡣
ųˣû뵽ͺ̫ƽ·ˡ
μ̫ƽ
Ƴ̫ƽ˵ϵң⹬ϵҵҲˡ˭Ϊλϵң
ص̫ˣ˵ҲûôˣԳҲˡҡ
̫ƽ˵Ů̫ƽ̫϶ĸĸһꡣ
ԭǶϵˡЦִ˵Ķڻʹ£
Ů֪̫ƽܾش
̾˿˵Һ㲻죬֪Ҳҵġ
̫ƽ˵δ֪ǳ
һʲôԿóǳ


347²

̫ƽ˵ǳдˡܿ
̾˿˵̫ƽȻǸˡĴţġ
̫ƽ˵ŮţҪŮԸˡ
˵һƽӦòʲôˡҾǺΣҵЩǳ£Ҳ֪ˡҲһ
ǣȻԼְĶ˵ˣʵְĺʫһôôŤãְǲϹְۣܺһֱһҲһǡǣʫˣְģ
Ҷ˵ְĺʫɲŮò֮ϡֻ˵ʫĲã̫ƽ˵ʫ˿佱ͻݣǣĺӶ򣬿ɼǱ濴ȥ򵥡ܿɼҲ˫۵ġ
ΣٺãҲϲҡ뵽Ϳ
̫ƽ˵ְҲδǹôð빫˼
ʹˡɵĺ㲻ᶮġʼˡҼǵСʱɻȴյʱ͸һ״ʯͷֵҵġɲҡȴԶôáɼжô
̫ƽȻǰʱգְ͸ģҲһʯͷ
ְĵʱҲ˵ֵġ
ʱжöˣºһҲ˲䣬Ͱôһкӡ
ֻǣǶƭˡ
ְǼʯͷͲԼģġ
ΪֺŮӣһģʫҲ͵ʯͷ
ǡ
ֱڣ̫ƽףְĸûаκˡ
ģֻԼ
ʫҲһʱ嶯
ˡ̫ƽȻ˵ʯͷְҲ͹ʫһģһĶ
ɫˣܵġ͸ҵġֻ͸ҵġ㲻Ҫ˵˵
̫ƽ˵һ㡣ţȥʫСְĸġ㣬ôڶûأ;ܾ㣬ˣûȢ㡣
ģģƭң
ġֻһֱҳϣʵˣѰɣ̫ƽóɱţȥְģ
ڵϡ
ôˣûְģΪǵְůô¶һĨ⡣
ǣû뵽ְĲ

ͺǶάֵȻһ㣬ͳܲס
ȥҪ̫ƽǲǸɹģͲģ˵Ķģ
̫ƽƿ˵ǲģʵֻ֪ǣһֱŰˡ
סˡ¹ţһʯ
̫ƽ̾˿ҡҡͷˡ
ԹŶޡ
ȥԼֺγʲôʸЦأ
ȥԼķȴ˵ΣŷҵˣҲʹһꡣ
ŷң
̫ƽ˵ϻأŷɳϮҺ;ǧ꣬Ӻץˣ֪ʼңʲô˵
ü˵̫ƽ˼ҿŷңǿԺöģ
̫ƽ˵ĸ׵˼ǡ
ԣԵسͷŷӡ˼ʮ壬˵ŷӵ˾ƣ£⡣̾˿˵ıŷҵˣ̫ƽҿξ˰ɡ
ˣȻ󣬵¼棬ҪԺ̫ͣƽЦһ粻ȥأඪ˰˴һƣЦȥ
̫ƽ֪úίǣ̸ҵ𣿷¶Ҫ͡ȻܲϲǣǣǻûվȽŸء˵ˣô˶˻ʹҪǿǾһ仰飿˵
̫ƽȻϽܶˣĸף˵úܶԣǣ֪ôˡ
ܴʲôҪģ褺㣬̫ƤˣҲ֪Ρ᲻ǳʲô̾˿˵ԭ褺ڶģһûչ˸Ӳá
ԣ褺ܴܵʹĸֵģҲǵġҲǵģĸ׶ԶӵĹذѽ̫ƽЦ
Цպ̫ƽĸףõˡ
⻰̫ƽ۾һȡ뵽İգʵѾᵽˡ
̣ˡȻһĽİջϲϲ˽
̫ƽЦİգôˣ


348ĸ

İԲԲϱĺͮͮģȫ°ţɰú껭ĺӡ
̫ƽһ§סİգĽģſˣİվһ
Ц̫ƽӣ֪ˣҪΪİվء
İЦܹĸףζЦ
˵ǺãպˣɶӲˣ
Ŀ𣿡İ̽ʵ
̫ƽص˵ͷ°ͶİյĶͷϣԣȻԣҲ֮õġ
˺ˡǲҪһͿ޿ġǿʹ꣬ͼϲ죬ɲҪôЦȻ׼һɰݸİգչʶһİգǸѹǮϣ㲻Ҫˡ
İսӹл̫ƽЦҲɣҲѹǮҪء
ҲҪ̵ѹǮİƲƲ죬ҽȱ裬Ըġ
ģ֪Ⱦջ裬Ϊ׼ˣ滹ǡ̫ƽ˵꣬İսȥˡ
ҡҡͷ̫ƽİգǺð
Ϊġ褺˵

İˣ̫ƽū澰¯ŵĻ޶˿̿
Ҳ¹̫ƽƽʱԼģһ̿
ůڵģٺĺɼū澣̫䣬ˡ
̫ƽ˵⼸ū澶ɣҵķ乻Ա߻мֻСǿϢҺİҪĺܾõء
Ц˻ûϢū澵ôϢأ˵Ҳ죬úܣҲ齫
ԣ׼齫ˡū澴ճһ̫ƽЦ
İճŵġ˵̣Ҳһ㡣
ˣ̲ˡϳԶֵ̻ġ̫ƽЦİյͷ
İ˵ҲˣҲҪ֡
УڻСӣȱӪһá̫ƽ˵
İպس̣˵⼸죬ҿԺ˯һ𡣡
̫ƽ˼ˣסİգˡ̴ȥǺòã
ã̫ˣ֪һǣһǱǡİճԵ̫ͣƽһɾ
̣ʱİؿ̫ƽظԼã˵
̫ƽЦˣˣȥ̨ǱŰɡ
ǣİʧˣΪ¹ѩϾȻûǡ
ѹҪǣԺеǻᣬֻҪԺǶһ𡣡̫ƽο
̣ǿһǡ
㰡ʲôʱ˵ˣ̫ƽܸˣ˵Ǻ£ֻǣ㸸⡣
̫ƽȻԼ˵ˣܻİյĻԣİտǸոѧѻ˵úȥİպ˭˵ġ
ֻߣ̫ƽİնְĲõӡⲢ̫ƽɿġϾְİյĸס
İСС;ͶԼĸײõӡİ۵Ǻܲõġ
Ȼ̫ƽĻİʣ̣Ҹĺ𣿡
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ǣİտĲˡ
İգôչ鶼㸸ס̫ƽ˵İյСǼ˵ְǰġȻʫ㣬ְİҲǣչ㡣
̫ƽɲϣİиײӰ
Ȼ˵֮İվͿĶˡ
ҸЬ̫ƽ򿪰
İսҿϲˣϲɫ
̰Դ¡̫ƽó·İϱȻš
ȥÿİպ⡣
̫ƽȻİϴţϴİ˯ԼĴϡ
̡Ҳ˯ɡİ̫ƽֲſȴ˹Ƿ
Ҿ˯ߣٸ㽲£˯˯ģҽ첻뿪㡣̫ƽ˵
İյ˵ͷ
̫ƽʼ˹£һһİգʱءİջʼ䡣
ǣƤʼˣİ˯ˡ
̫ƽ߹ȥ˵ƣҲİ¡
İհ˯ˡƽȵĺ̫ƽЦˡ
ⱲҸİպһӣ˯ߡ
̫ƽԸѾʵһˡ
ûã̫ƽ˯ˡ
ĸô
ҹ̫ƽѹˣ˸جΡ
εİˣһѹˡ
İգû߾ͺá̫ƽİһ£ˡ
ĸֱͲף̫ƽӵˣȥϧġ


349ºԺ

ˡ
̫ƽūǿİգԼȥθСࡣ
İˣ̫ƽһ͡
İպܸˣСҲ˺ü롣
ǴʮҲŵƽʣڶ
ǣϺȻټ̫ƽ
ϲˡϹ˵Ҫ̫ƽȥ̫ƽҺһȥɡ
̫ƽ˵ͷáóˡ
ôƤ˵̫ƽʵжˡ
˻ʵ޹ѻѻ˾ѹ֡
ϣʵû·ҲûиǱӡǣԼ÷ǳʵ
ͷϴһɫñɫĿӣһɫѣһƴ塣
ϣܹˡС˵
Ͽ˼£˵̫ƽȥư͡ӣˣȴưˡ
̫ƽݲ԰ףȥȻ˵ֻ΢ͿԺá
̫ҽǶ޲ߣ΢Ϸǳ͵ޣȻûпˡ
ǣ̫ƽȥ̫ҽԺһֹȵҩ衣
кЩҩģƴƿȣúôʹڭֹȣ۹Сɺһ𣬿ʣбɺִ󺣣úһĸоܶࡣ
á̫ƽҩʢá
ܹǿ찡ϵͷֿţ޺ܿͲٿˡ
һ̫ϴһ̫ȥ̫ƽӹҩ͵˻ϵ
ϺȻؿ֮ǰĿԶҪ
ϣϣôˣ̫༱ˣܹϳʲô
̫ƽȻش𣺡Ȼβҩ
Ϊʲôϳҩ֮󣬲ûкã֮ǰˣ̫ŭȡ
̫ƽ˵֮Ϊ˸õذѷĶȳǲҪ¿֪ˡ
ȻûãϾͲٿˣ޾ȫһǳ
̫ƽ˵ϲϲˡ
ܹ⼸Ƿǳ޽⡣޲֪ҪôлǡϷǳȻҽտ̫ҽԺҽй֮޲Ҫúõط㡣
̫ƽҡҡͷŮлϣֻǣŮҪʹֻͣҪϿ԰Ӧķͣ͸常ԪŮм
һԭΪ常٣
ԪֱˬΪ˺ѧʦְܱλʺǣһְλȴΪ常ġ̫ƽûκα顣˵ʲô˭
ʲôְλʣܹȻΪ޳ȥ˼ȻӦܹһ¡ʵĪ˵һ£Ǻü£ֻҪ涼Ӧġ
̫ƽ˵ԺԺʿ
ЦְλȷǷǳԪã޼̰䷢ʥּ
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ټϣ֮ǰĺԺԺʿѾˣϣϿ˲ϻˣΣϵȻ̫ƽ˳ˮˡ
̫ƽҲ֪ϻӦԲġϲӦ̫ƽ˻ϵҲ뾡취ѵģǻϵıԡ
̫ƽɶϡԣûΪѻϡ
ԺԺʿְλȻûбȨǣܶĳǳںԺ
ӵܵҪĹ٣ҪԺѧϰԱҵ˲ſԵ١
ңҪҪļҲԺԺʿƼ˲ŵģߡû˲ţɺԺԺʿԼݡ
ԣԺԺʿǳҪҲǻùְ
̫ƽԪȥְλȲûɣҲܹԪΪ
¡ϾʥּԪ󣬾Ϳˡ
Ϸ˷ǳм̫ƽ̫֡ƽҵŮҵĸҲǶ˰
ĸǧҪ˵Ůһֱǵĸ˵Ǿ仰ˣǲܺá̫ƽǳ¡
ֵϷ˷ǳģϷЦϧѾɼӲܸŽҪȻ常һֵİ㱧
Цĸף̫ƽѾˣɲٵСˡ
ϷЦЩܳжҵĺúӣԶǡ
ǵǣǳٴѵܴùĸȥҲЦӯӯء
ܣã˺ԺԺʿպף͸ൽõˡɵöл̫ƽ㡣ϷЦ棬ڣɿˣΪܹҲûõóֵŮˡ
ټ֮ǰһ֣ǰ
ڿ̫Ӳ̫Ů
˵ţȻ̫е̫Ӳݵ


350¾

ʲôˣ
˶󾪣˵ոǻôϲ죬ѵϾҪ
̫ƽοĸײؾţһŮڵģ̫ҲҪһĸס
̾˿ҿɲָĸסܲΪǣǾллˡ
Ѿǰˣ̫ƽ˵ʲôأ㾹Ҷ̫Ӳ񣿡
̫ƽ˸񣬡أǲѵҪй𣿻СĸȻû񣬾˭ûأ
㡭̫ƽþò㲻ưˣȻݣҲ㣡ȻҸҶ죿䡣̫ƽҪȥ
̫ƽȻմˡ
ճ˼ûУȻѾŹ߹ȥ̫ƽһҪ̫ƽصӡ
ϼˣ󵨣㲻ֻǸθڻʹף
մŭǲΣҿСĸף̫λҲǲҵģߣǺҵĸףҽĸףΪˣҾɱǣΪĸҲӦõġ
̫ƽˣЦգû
մ󾪣㲻ҪΪ˵ˣҾͲˡ
Ѿҵˡ㲻ǴΪҸ㣬ҵˣô̫ƽ˵
롣չɲΪҪɱ̫ƽԾ󻼡
̫ƽ˵ǶȥɣҪģҵˡ
ҪһϷ˵һ˵ŹȣҾͲˣôˣ򲻹
ţմЦҵĿġҪǶɱ⡣
յĻ䣬ȻǸϵǻʹ̫Ӳδ⵨̫˰ɡ
̫ƽһôˣ
˵̫ƽҵĽᣬҵȻˡ
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Ҫ˵̫ƽҼȻԸ㣬˵ҵѡ֮Ҫ̹ϣ˵ָ꣬˵ˣҲТˣץ
˵ңǹҲңҿ̫Ӳ̫Ӹ粻Ź㡣
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̫ƽ˵λˡ˵Ҫ¹񣬾ͲҪǾͲҪˡ
ƫƫϷҲˣϷ˵Ȼ˵ˡǶȥʰòˣȾơ
ЦҳԾơȺҲ᲻ܵģʵΪȽ⡣ҼһڳҹҪϹȥͻһҹء¾Ͳˡ
Ϸ˵ʵҲҪȥ̫ˡ˵ǡ
ˬʴЦԣһȥ
̫ƽ˵һˣ̹̹ôôǣҲһûа취ѡ󡣲һǷǳϲģӦþõĹˡ
⻰߹߹ˡ
̫ƽʼ߹
̫ƽ˵ûа߹˵ʲôǶŮӣʼ֮˵
߹˵˵ҵѣôԺͱĹϵôã
ѵ߹ѣͲԶԱĹ𣿱ˣѿԽԽõġ̫ƽ߹Ī
ô˵ģΪˣǲҪ棿ôˡҺԼ˽֡߹Ϊʲô̫ƽҪߣ
̫ƽ߹鷳ҪãھȻһֱճ˵ֻҪһʹ߹ͺŵĨһϾͻ
ô죿ô죡
ȻҲǺǵġ
߳Ⱥָ߹ıǼҾ㣬㲻ҪƲԳԷơϹȥζҵľţȲ߸ʡΪ֮
߹ЦҲأ


351µ˱

˵ҪˣûС
ԭҲǷŵȵġ
Ȼոսͳɻһֱ谮ģֻΪ̫ˣŰ˵ġ
ϴΪɸ֣ġ
ǣ߹ȴû۰ġĸʣǿӰ
ϴûۿ߹
Ϊ߹ĸܳ谮ҡ߹Ƚϱ
ȥɰֻ飬Ƿǳûϵϲģ˵ʹҲࡣ
Ҳǹ棬ΨһһָʹĹ
һ㶼ǱûȨģǡȴС
ǻʹ͵ƣɼ϶ӡ
ǣļƱûˡ
ֻǣͷŵʱϾͻع鵽
߹Ȼûеġ
̫ƽɲϣ߹ΪźѴЦǶҵѣȺû˭Ҫ
߹̫ƽҶôãΪλҪѣ
̫ƽ̯̯˵߹ҲҺܺðѽľ͹ˣ߹αҪôأ
Ҫࣿ߹̫֮ƽѣ͵ǺҾ
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˵ǰԵƾʲôѾѣͲҵѣ
߹˵Ϊʲôԣ˵ҷǳ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵߹ˡѴ
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ھͺˣΪҪʶ㡣̫ƽ˵ˣ߹سŵ
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ҵȻҲˡ˵ţֻ֤Ϲ䲻̫ƽѡ˵꣬תҪߡ
߹̫ƽķȥæǣȻ߲ģ㺦Һ̫ƽɲѡ˳ȥҹΪһȥһȱطȥ
ʲôȥȥǲ㲻Ҫ˵˵߿߹֡
ʱϳС
ǶǽãοҪִͣأҪȥ̫ˡԸϹԼɡ
߹˵ǣ̫ƽ˵ˣӭҡѾҾˡ
Ҫ̫ƽ̫ƽû˵ҪЦһȥ̫ɣȽɡ
߹ȴôԸ⡣ڣҾͲڡһǺڵġ
߹ˡ
ڣƻͨ
̫ƽ˵ô˵һѣպеˡ
̫ƽЦֻǲܾˡҵˣﲻġ
ԭҽҲֻΪǹ㲻Ҿܾ˰ʧ˵
治ǡ̫ƽЦڲͬ
ȥôͺ˳Ϊˣ˾ȻΪְģʧȥ˳ΪѵĻᡣ
ðǵ£Ҵ¸߻ϡ
ɣΪң̫ӡ̫ƽȴܾˣİɣʵյǼˣΪѲҵġ
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뵣ģռȥֻʯͷԼĽš̫ƽЦ
ϷŹȹˣлղȡǼ̫ƽѡи
꣬ܶ䣬Ϳ͸̬֮ǰΪĸѾˣ϶áȴ˺ܶ˵Ķʼɡ
ˣûһˡ
һĸ޷
ûѣҲԲϥȥѰҡ
Щְֻһֱס
̫ƽȰ⣬ѾȻˡ
̫ƽ˵ĶԣְĲ
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ˣȴ
ûзְġֻǣ̫ƽѡ
̫ƽڸ࣬˵̫ƽѡ
ԸΪ߲嵶
·ϣ̫ƽС
˵ȥ˵ְǣûãˣְܲĵİΪʫˡϧȥһֱΪСãЩԲ
̫ƽ۾ʪˣҲ飬Ҳģ
ȥΪְģҴҪ󡣿ǣûйֹҡһˡ˵


352ĥ

˵£飬ҲĿˡ̫ƽʵ
ҾãûְģҺΪѵġ̾˿ϧѾˣԸٲʵˣлһȥķǰΪһ㡣
ˣʵǰǺýã̸֮ʱûйֹ˼ͲҪھˡ̫ƽο
̫ƽͷϴһ˿ӡڷ£ոոסüëһ˫£һӣС죬ϴʵ֯££ȴʧȥ˽յϲ졣
ԭϷǲӦġܾã̫ؾЩ
ǣ̫ƽ˵̫ͻ֮Ҫô˲μӻ硣Ϊĸӹϵٴνˡ
̫˹Ҳ˹ĸΪʾ
£ǲʺϴ̫ϲġؾ㣬̫ܳ顣
Ȼ̫Ժ˺üźӡ
ŮǶԶ˼ݵӭ
һŷҵļҲˡ
ŷү̫ƽ΢΢һЦ˹ȥ
ȻǻϺ̫
Ȼˡ
ʳʼˡ
Ҳע⵽ˣеԼߡ
ʣ֪ˡԻϵصǸ
˵֪͸ģǺúӡ
ʱİհݼ˳֮󣬾Ͳص̫ƽ
̫ƽЦҪˣ֪İա
İպٺһЦ̣ô֪ģ
̫ƽЦ˭ԸİϷأ
Цİϲ̫ƽ㡣
İձס̫ƽ֣̣Ҫߡ
᲻ᣬͷİɡ̫ƽİյ֣Ե㣬İաǶ㡣
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仰һ߳Էʫˣɫһס
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Ӻ̫ӣŻӵȶˣǣСȴ֪١
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ԵĻϣڻʹЩ׵£ȾŮǵ۾̫˵
˵ԣǿԡ̫ʲôʣٹ޵Ľ͡΢΢°˵
̫̾˿˵ϣΥģѵ밡
ʵЦΪȻѵ룬ֻοҪäӣղΪ֮ԡ
ִ̫ʵֻۡðнˣ̫ƽš
̫ƽ̫ϣ취ûϲҪþǧ곪Ϸˡ
̫ƽ̾˿ҾǣǾǧԼܽģ̫žǧꡣ
һȺӿзɹڵͶһƬӰӡӰǽӹ棬ȻʧһƬ
ʱ߳˵ʣǧ˷׿Խ˴۸ǣһ˳Ϸʲô˼ö轣ˣΣ
ʵҪӦ̫˵ãϷҪ档轣Ǵˣá
ЦȻ轣ͺֻ֡Ӱ졣һԣ
ʵ۵ͷã׼ˡ
γ˱¶ɱ
̫ƽ󾪡
轣˵ģȥɱ˵ģ
СĿǰΪֹһ̫࣬ҫΪǧ꣬ɻ벻˳Ц̫ݡ
ıˣʵҲΪһ̫࣬ɱԼӵġ
ȫ˵Լ轣ʧɱԪģǹġ
֮ʧ˭ȥͷһ̫ӣοȥģһλ˶̫ࡣ


353з

ʼ轣ˡ
̫ƽͷȲ裬ǣ۾ȴӲ豭¶Сˡ
ܼһʱҲ֪ôźá
Сȴǳ򶨣轣СûһֻܳϷ
ĽʼʵˣȻСӡ
ǣСƺúһֻӡôСӶܶ㿪
̫ƽ롣è书˲Сӵģ΢΢Щġ
ǣ̫ƽ͹һΣôܾˣ
ȻСӣͣȻЦǧ꣬磬һվ¥ϰɣϻῴø
Ƕ¥ǲߣǣǳխ
˼һռҪɱСӡ׵öˡ
ΪСӽûа취ܣ̹ĵ
ʵ˵СӰɣ޶ԡ
СȴӦˡ
̫ƽΪСżΪʲôҪӦأⲻǹȥСӿ޴
ǣȻСѾӦˣ̫ƽ˵ʲô
˵̫ƽã㿴ǳľǧꡣ
̫ƽˣûС
Ц㲻طϣҲ߱˵ģޢ껪ϲġܶԷϲʡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ʵҺСֻѣҸо̫ӵ¶СӵͱˣΪѵĶѡ
СѣҲҵѡظЦҪż㲻棬ҹȥ
ҪʲôҪǸողûĹġ̫ƽס룬СӴӦȻɡ
˵ʵҲоͱˣ㲻˵ҲҪȥסġ
˵ȥЦǴҹ轣ˣôٵأ븸ʶ׼Һ̫ӻһ¥һΪ轣
һæ˵ۣһŮӼҹʲôǴҹ˵ˣǷǳġ
Ц̫ӻִˣЩһûͻ轣ֻĽͲĻˡ
˵ŮӼңѧʲôӦúŮ죬Ů䣬㻹ûȡѵӦٰظꡣ
˵̫Ӹ磬ã㾹Ȼϣұأ߹ҪˣһûУ㻹ϣʰҹ㾿ʲôİ
ЩȻһ仰˵
ʵЦ轣޵Ҫ
ȻˡٺһЦʣЩ꣬Ůʣͻ𸸻̸ŮЩŮÿϰñܰ
ʵ۸жúӣ޾֪ǸТĵģȥ轣ɡ
ǣûнʵ
ˣ޵з͸ʵ۴ϲ
˶󾪣Ϊ˵ϣзưң˭з൱ڿնࡣûʲôʹз»˷鰡
ʵ˵з޵ģް˭͸˭ֲ˷顣
ͷٲ˵ʲôˡ
жᶼˣȥй֣ΪʲôҪԼôã
ڣˡİֻǺɸְˣֻΪҪĥҪȻôᣬûдʱѾĴʱϰôҪз͸
лʡ˫ֽӹ
ĶǶʼɡʲӦҵôܰз˱أ
ϣɭɭĿ⣬һ
ʲô˼Ϊζ˵е⣿ˣ
ѣ̫Ӹ硣з˵Ŀӿɱ
ôȥ轣ΪзǶԼģ
ɲ˵Լ岻ȥ轣ˡ
ʵ̾˿˵̫˼ˡĻøո˵Ҫȥ轣˵ˡ
˵ǰ̫ӸΪô֧أںʲôѵҵзϣ
ʵ۹ЦЦ̼úĺ
ôһʾͲˣ
ͷ˼ˡ
ЦȻ轣;ǧһ轣ɡ
СЦôҪ¥𣿡
ֲ̫Ӹ磬ҵȻҪˡֻ档ٺһЦܹҵĺ̫ƽ
̫ƽʱ󾪣Ҳ̫ˣôܵ˵Լأ
£ͻΪ̫ƽйԸˡ


354

󲻹ܸղŵССӶӾ񣬼Ϸ
⳪ٴ죬˸ˡ
̼˵ĶĤС
ʵ۵ĿСϡ
̫̾˿ֲϲҪˣԭСӵݼ
ʱȻѩѩ׷
Сӵڷѩˡ
ʱ轣
ѩ⣬һͬýӣСȥ
ǣýû˵Сӡ
áã̫ˡϸ˼ˣƶ˺ü̳ӡ
̫СӣСӱٳˣ»ˣ϶ˣ㳪Ϸˡ
СӵɤӣȷǿҪưˡٲϢ¾ͲٳˣлȥϢˡ
̫ƽû뵽ҹġ
ҲãϾһϵϷСӷ߸ġ
ôҲǱ˶ˡ
ʵ۴ʱ˵̫ΪС뿪޻Ҫ޻Ҫ
ϣˡ̫˵
ô̫࣬ԻѾĻˣҲԻģν⣬ȨǰҲˡ
ǣ̫Сӣޡ˵꣬ͻ˹ȥ
̫˵ϽȥɡȻ󣬿ŻϽȥ˶£ͻϡ
̫˵Ƕȥ˯ɣ̫ƽİ
Ϊʲôİ˵ѾˣҲ۵ģʲô飬˵𣿡
İգԶ̫񡣡̫ƽϺǳһ̫£İײ£̫ˡ
̫ЦİյӴԸֱϲ
̫ƽ˵İգ̫Ǹ
̫Բ𣬿ǣҲϣ˯úһ㡣İ۾ˣ̫Ҳ˯𣿡
ǽǴҹܶ˲˯ҹ̫İյͷǵ¿˭ڰ
̫ôУ̫ƽԽ
˵ԣǿԡ̫ҡҡͷ̫ƽʵ㣬ҿСӣԽԽã񰧼ҵӣǣֲ񣬰ҵӲôСҺȻֿµ뷨СӸòǸȥɡ
ܶ˿µİ
ϡۣģҪƵģͣ
̫󣬾ȻҪ£
̫ܸ꣬ǰ̫ӵĶѾˣǧôأ̫ƽҪԼ
СӵӦ̫֪
̫ƽ˵ǣҲ˼̫֪Ϊ̫ƽ
СҲôˡ
ָ˾λСӾͳӵ¡
Сȴв
ⲻĻ¶ݣС˵ûкôֻȥΣա
̫ƽ̫ࡣ
Ȼ̫ͷʹĽҪˡ
ҲǣҲǡ
̫ƽ֮󣬱֪Ƿַȡ룬̫Ѩһ롣
żѪ̫ʱͷۺࡣ
̫Ȼ˯ˡ
̫ƽǾ˯ڰҸڰɡ̫˯ǰ˵
̫ƽû취֪̫ǺԼҹٴͷۣҲҽΡ
ԣǰ̫ƽ˷䡣
ͬʱ֪̫ƽİչϵãİҲ
̣ðİ˵ȥҵ߹ǿɳˡ
ֻҪǻϻ̫ϢˣͲٷűˡȻǲһġ̫ƽ˸Ƿ˰ɣ˾˯
İ̫ƽ˯ˡ
ȴǳʶ̫ƽԽԽˣҲ̫ƽˣ̫ƽҰĺܴأͲ֪ʲô
ЦһңҰٴҲҪ˵ġʲô
ʫˣ˹Ƿģȥ˯ˡ
ʫˡͨһ￪Ⱦҡ
ôˣԼָòΪ̫ƽɣ
̫ƽѾ⡣Ҫң˵ΪֻйԾҡʫ
վˣֲ̫ƽ˳ᢡþĻǶԱߵ⡣֮ǰΪϲӺڲסʵΪǣΪʲôأ
̫ƽֿѣˣ̫ƽһֱ޷޲ƽҪΪ𰡡ʫʹ飬̫ƽ׿ڸҵġ
̫ƽԸ׿ڸ㣬ɼ֮ˡЦɡԴ̫ƽӺδ֮󣬱ͺ̫ƽǵˣŹ̫ƽ
꣬ȸǼ²̫ӵµİ̫ƽǰģȸڱ߹أ̫ƽȡ̫ͻϵ֮ΪȸƽʫԽ˵Խ¡


355´һ

ʫ˵棬ûɣ꣬ȸΪͨѹףҲһݹͰ
졣ȸͨѹֻΪϳˡˣҲʼˡ
꣬ȸҲְĲƤɣҪȻ鲻ʵ
̫ƽһжΪ᲻£
ǧ򲻿̫ƽǿǿӺͻ̫ӣѾˡʫ˵
̫ƽѾǿˣˡҪŻ
ֻҪԸȥ̫ƽüġʫ˵ֻйˡ
¡ò̡
ʫˡߵʱЦŵġ
ʫ֪ⷬѾȥˡ
һֱʫͬı
Ϊ˱һԸ̫ƽ
ΪҲŹ̫ƽΪ̫ƽӺһġ
ȥϲ̫ƽĲŻҪҪ£̫ƽ
ǣȻ̫ƽΪ˸𣬾Ͳٱ롣
̫ƽһս
ա
һˡ
Ϸ˷ַǹÿ˶·ϲġ
̫ƽҲİȥҪǹ
а̫̫ƽЦ
İؽС̫࣬Բ
ϷİյЦúϲ£죬껭ϵСӻҪÿȥ
İսӹǹȴԣǽ̫ƽ
̫ƽЦúӣ֪ѺõĶ̱𣿡
İҡҡͷǵģ̣͸ԡ
ΪʲôȻ뵽ǹأ̫ƽһСӵ˼Ѳ¡
Ϊҿ鲻ãûЦݣϣǹ۵ġİնµ˵
ˣ򸴺
ѩˡ
ĵһѩѩ⵽£ϡڻΪˮģġ
Сˡ
ɤɺЩˣǽջҪ㳪Ϸɤǻֲ֧סġ̫ƽе
ʲôȻҳưͣҲܹҽңѵ𣿡СӺٺһЦ
Ҳǡ̫ƽҡҡͷ˵ЩĻö˶˵ĸҪأٻָĻƿϵһǲԭͺõġ
С̾˿˵̫ƽ㾡ңҷءֿʫĹ˲֪ıЩʲô
֪ѾΪˣҸ֮һⲻˡ̫ƽ˵÷ǳƽ
㣬£СӳſһɡΪ̫ƽڵѩ
¡Ȼѡ·֪һһ侳̫ƽ۾ѩ
Сӵͷ
˿ʼѩ
ѩ֮ĸ飬ӵҲ
Сʱһѩ
ѩϣڻˣҲһ
С˵̫ƽû´ĻҵĸĸףǱġ
ҹͬĳˡ֪ûְĺʫ꣬ȸһңܱ䵽ֵز̫ƽ˵ţ۾¶𺳡
֪
̫ƽ֮ǰһְֱ֣ƾʲôôأ
ְĵĺ澿ʲôĿɽѵʫĸѻǿǸˡ
ֱ̫ƽˣһе׶
ûİģְĺʫôĵأ
ǵİװͬҲ̫ƽĳˡ
СӸ̫ƽ֣˽¯Ȼ뿪
һ˺üѩƮѩĸоڻʱȴ䡣
̫ƽʱϲ֡
գ̫ƽȥӺ
ûбģֻһй̫ƽ̾Ϊ˻Ҿй
Ӻ˵ԹܶΣﶼԸ˵ܹﻹǲҪ˷ʱˡбһｻ̫ﴦ
ڣӺܻӲȥġ
ģ˵ѾǷһˣ޲ȥΪҲйʲô
ֻˣǲ˵ġ
ǣû£Ӻɱˡ
֪ܹʵҹĵΨǴʳʲôǸȤ𣿡ӺЦ
̫ƽ˵ү˵ҲǶԵġǣֶ̫ߣ̫ãҹζࡣ
Ҫ¡
ңһɣѾ֮ǰҲǸһġ̫ƽ۾ޱȣֻҪʳѾҲһá


356³

̫ƽļ£ӺӦˡ
ǣӺ̫ƽ
ôûм棬̫ƽҪϲˡ
ҶдڵһƬ߲΢紵߲ӰӶȥһֻҳʳĳӡ
ﴩһȾĴֲ£һӣװżɫĳʳֻѾЩˡζûиճ¯ôá
ǣﻹǳԵúܿġ
̫ƽĵɫźɫ˿һ÷ȹӡϲŰ¹Ƥѥ
˽̧۵ʱ򣬾ðϵĳʳ
̫ƽ֪ġЦ
̫ƽ߹ȥɫȻǸϵĳм˹ȥ
ȴһѾͰǸ˵ϣĿվ̫ƽڸ㣬ҲκΣνĺ⣡
ˡ̫ƽ˵ʲôʱ˵Ҫҵĺˣֻǹɥ֮Ȯѡ
㡭벻̫ƽҲ˴³ǹЦҵˡȻȴ޿κΡ
˵ҹЦһ㣬Ϊ֪ʱ޶ˡ
̫ƽһֱҾ㣬㶾ƵģǣڶѾˣ㲻ưˣΪʲôҪһҵŮϾɱأΪߡﻹϣҵһ
ǶǸϾɱѵĸô𣿡̫ƽȻϬ
ô˵㶼Ѿ֪ˡӦסɱңΪĸױһֱĿġ
̫ƽ˵Ů̫ŮҲˮǴˣԺϣڳ㻹رӺ
ΪɵȥϡǻŹ˵ˣЩ£Ѿ֤ȷˣŮҲᱣˡ˽յġ
ֻڣ֪жһĸˣ޲ñʰѳˡôᱣأ
Ȼˣ淢߻ϣǸͬıߡϺ̫Ҳһ棬̫ƽ˵仰̫ƽĿġ
Цܵģ̫ƽҲܸ淢ԼŮҵŮҪɱңҲţκʱ¾֪𣿡
Ϊΰĸ𣿴ˣΪݣ簮ԡŮͱһĺɵӣŮн죬ҲǰͰãҲΪԭ򡣡̫ƽ
Ȼе̫ƽģͲҺ
ôǣСʱû簮գջһĺںˣһǲǹȥˣϣġ̫ƽ˵
仰׻ߣģǱ˵檡񣬲˵Լ檣˵ŮҲ檣ôܵˣ
ȻȥҪץס̫ƽ죬Һƴˣ
̫ƽȻԣһͱܿˡ
˸գˤڵϡ
̫ƽ˵㲻ҲûãҲԲǴһϢˣ㡣ڣϣɡ㾹ȻΪסܣοţ
˵ܣҵģ
ƾʲôҪôţ̫ƽЦˣͻɱ㣬ˣҲŮġ֪֪ڶѾǲǻţҲˣǱɵġ
￪ʼˡܣŮΪ̫µΨһã̫ӻᱣŮġ
µģֻһֲӣڶٵλ˵ˣ̫ûӵģȡã᲻ΪжأլҲ֪ģҵúܡƾһˡʤ𣿡̫ƽģǣǰ˵ˡ
ʲôˣﲻ᲻֪ڶûһѣǿסġ
ܲܿյŮɣǸһŮӰ
յ̱Ͳߣڶǵȷֻ·һ
뵽ż
ϧҲŮ߰
̫ƽЦҽչΪһ⣬ŮײߣӶסŮ͵λ
󾪡ôðǣ˵˵ɡ
ҲǣҲģֻӦ淢ҾͰæҪ֪취Ůߣ˵¡


357ʯ

̫ƽҲǽ͵úܵλˡ
װô̫ƽҲʧȥġ
ǣȴȻˣãҴӦ㣬Ұٱ
ҪˣΪ·ܷڡ̫ƽ˵
ˡΪգҾǴҲǡ˵⻰ʱϾȻ׳ʿı׳ǿ
ٱûãҶᱣ뿪˳붫ŮߣǣݾͲŮĸū澡λ޴ķǿˣ̫ƽ˵
ֻҪҪ̫ƽĻ
л㡣۷Ź⣬֪ʲô취ҽ
ʱҾǡ̫ƽĿ
졣
ǽϣһɺͼ࣬һϣһŷǽţϻ̡
̫ƽͷϲһ֧ɫϴűɫɴ£һŷľ£һȹȻŷ
İնڼ߹ˣ̣һɣģ
̫ƽסİյ֣·ôʲôСˤӡ
İպٺһЦñϵһȦëĵԲɰú껭ޡ
̫ƽ˼ڣιİգҲԡ
̻ûпءİʧ
ðҪôأ̫ƽЦ̫óˡ
ʱ֭İյϵ̫ƽֲȥ
ϹˣڻʹҲס˼ˡմȥˡ̫ƽ̫ϲ㣬²ߣȥú÷һ̫󣬺̫˵˵ɡ
̫ƽЦչҪߵģ̫Ҳ׵ģߣҲϿס
˵ˣ̫ƽһûء
ûɣ̫ƽҲ߲ˡ
£Ҫߴ
Ӻˡܹģ淢𣿡
̫ƽͷһĸףĸ׿Ϊ˺κòҵ顣
ãѾȥ̫ˣ̫ʻءӺ˵
̫ƽ˵ˣֻҪžͿˡ
ûã̫̫ƽ
̫ƽȥ󣬿ͷ̨ϡ
ϾȻҲڡ
ڸûʣ˱ӳ˿Ĵһ˸ߵĻƿӰڿƿɫͬۻҡ
ŭԿģа٣޶ʬ
޵ʱأѾû˵ѵʸֻˡ
̫˵ϣڹ֮͢У˺Уȴǰװˣ˵ȶǲԳͽ䣬ùѧȥգ
˵ôƾһ֮Ծ͡
ϴԲӣ˵ϸ£ɼǧȷˡ̫˵Բģôÿϸڶ֪УǾڶˡ
˵Ҳգ
ˡ
һޡȴˡ
ʹˡ
ٺٺǦۣвµš
˵Щ£
ֿ̫ƽʱȫˣûС
̫˵֤ȷ䣬ɲˣˡ
˵벻¡
û뵽ûɱ֪ôܣ벻Ȼȫ˵ˡ
Ȼ̫ƽЦˣϣЩ£ǳûǣ޴óôܵļƻ檶һͬıǷǡһʱͿ˴µġ
ҪƸˣ޶ôã벻㾹Ȼ˽Һ󹬣ݺ󳼵ŮϷǳ
˵Ϻβһͬı˭أ
̫ƽȻ̫ˣ
Ȼ˲õԤУ
ʱ⣬ѹѹһƬƲι̫ȫסˣ˲һӰ𡣴ɳڰصĴתܴ󣬴۾ǽϵĻҲ紵ĴҡΡ
һɫ¡ýɫһƴĸ֡ҲһȦС֡
̫ƽõɫ滨֦£һɫľƶ£ϵһȦͭ壬·۵졣
˵·ɫԶ
̫ƽ۾ûлţȴƽ
ѵѾ뵽Ӧ֮
Ȼϵ
ֻ˵ϣǸͬıߣ
̫ƽ󾪡
ȻóɱﵣͬʱҲܸ̫ƽɱﵡ
̫ƽĸװ
˵ͬı޷Ϊ֪ԼѾͶ·һ˵汳ˡ


358Թ޻

ֻǣ̫ƽףƶֻҪ˳Ϊ汳أ
ѵѾ̫ƽܣ
ȻĻ֤ʵ̫ƽĲ롣
㲻ҪڳԡһֱںΪر֡Ϊһˡ˭пܴĻǵ£ᡣϾȻһԣ
ֲϡǼװģΪͲԭѾˣ
ʵȷʵݣǡ£ԣҲҪ²߻ϡ
ڶģһࡣ
ǣ˵ģΪȻ¶ˡ
ãޡڵ˭Ѿŭɶˣһֱ㲻㲻Բޡݺ޵ӣ˵˵
ûУϣûк˵˵Ϊʵ̫ƽĸˡˣ˵ⷬʱ̫ƽֻģɤϡ
ѵҪ
ȻǷǳƵģǣǻһЩͬҪ鿴ĻҲܹҵͬĵط
ס
ҲΪʲôôԸ޵ԭʧȥ裬ʧȥλҲԸޣΪ˱
޲š޲šϾȻĿˡ
ô£̫ҲҪˣ
̫ƽˣô죿ô죿
ˣ̬ǳȻʲô¶ûзһ
϶ؿ
Դ֪ˣģϵıһֱԵúܽš
̫ƽȻãǲ֪ģǻѡ
㾿˭ʵһԭ㡣̫̾˿
ЩȻҪڻϣǶ̫ȴǷǳТ˳ÿ춼밲̫һж𾭡˲赹ˮ
̫Уǲɻȱһڡ
ӷͬȴԸ⡣
ԭ£ôأ
ȻȴĴذ
Ϊµģ۾֮ﰡ
£Լ̫ƽĸף˵¶ԼƵģκ˶ûйϵ
ʧˣȫֹסز˾㣬˵޾׼ˣ˭õĴԭ㾹ȻƭţΪʲôΪʲôҪƭޣ
˵ϣҲûа취ѾˣǱģںլҲǱ˺ģǱ຦ԳԶ붷û뵽ף檷ˡǳķڷܻôͷ檣檶Թ޻ϡ
ʲôǱģŭȻ㡣
ûаûаϡ
Ц㣬ʲôʱһҵأ
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˵ʱУǺ˽İ̥ѪһʬġҪΪЩû˷֣ض֪
ûСûСֱͦǣף鷢Ѿôˣû֤ݣֻҪԼϡû˸˵ġ
ǣһˡ
ΪԻ˵жĸҪ֤ݡ
ֻҪϸо˭˭͵
̫֪һ㣬˵϶ءȴһһƻãζԵϣ
ŭˣ︾ץȥؽ乬ݺ䡣
ҪϡȻһҵĽǻϲΪȥˡ
̫˵ϣ˽Һ󹬡Բˡñ˷Ч
֪ѾˣڿʼĿ⿴
ޱ飬ֹˮ
㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡ϵڲ
̫˵ƭ˻ϣҲ鲻ѣʱĴѾġһ档
ȴ̫ƽ˵Թ޻ڡ
һԹ޻ڣȻԼƲ˵޵Ĳˣûб㣬ۣܿԲԣϹЦ
̫ƽϣ飬ŮҲΣϢŭһҪͷĻͷŮɣ
ɣ̫ƽ˵Щʲôһ˷Ĵʲôϵ㲻Ҫʲô¶ԼϳеòãҵŮСû㣬ҶĿǷϣһΣҿԾĸ׵Ρ˵꣬£ǾȻЦ


359˻

˵Щûоĸ׵ΣôŮʲôʱ򾡹ТأЩĸһʹ¿꣬ŮȴŮľޱȣĸ׵еһ˳еɣ̫ƽϵ˵
̫˵ĸŮ˶ҪԼǸ춯أϺðҺͻҲòֻǡԼͻͬΪĸӣȴûϡ
⻰˵ģͬҲΣٿ̫˵Ȼˣ⣬ӣ޾ΡһӰɡ
ݰлϡ
̫ƽ˵ʲôȴϴˣܹһƬТĵȷɸΪТģĸ
ĸǱ˼Ӻģпԭܹ̫ƽΪ˵
ܹТ˳ҲΪжȻǱ˼ӺҲǲԷģймҹ棬ܹͲҪ˵ˡ˵꣬ݻعȥˡ
̫ǡץˡ
̫ƽʵץҲܣҺ乬ȥᷢ£ǾĿԴˣҲҪ֮һȥģҪͼ̫֮̾˿˵
л̫̫ѾΪ˺ܶˡŮмŮֻԼûãܱԼĸס̫ƽ˵
ܺãҺϲϱ̫̾˿˵벻Ȼĸס
ºܶ¶벻ġ֪̫һ죬֪Сʵ̫̫һӦ
ȥ
ϰһ֣ƵĵƹЩ˯һԣһųϵһѵ顣˻ңѾûжˡ
ٸܷ纮Ҫͺ
̫ƽƿʳףʳһѻ
սںɡ̫ƽָָ˵Ҫסӱǿȥ
ٵͷ̫ƽķԸˡ
ûãͺˡ
ҽٳ޵
СӹˣȻҽɲԸһĲ
ټˣæ
̫ƽһšЦʲôĲ
ۡСָԼ˵֪ܹߣ
ף۾ԼͣͲˡ̫ƽЦ
˵ܹ￴ҪϷˣҡСѾ߽Զ¡
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Ϊ˵ĻˣӺޱˣ
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ȥϣǣһᵽ̫ƽ͹Ҷû취ֻòһУǿг˽ȥǼա
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ȴȻЦ
Цʲôһ
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ˡ
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366 

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˵ҳȻ岻ãǣܴ㣬Ҹһһ档
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367 

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ңСһЦ̫ƽЩܿˡ
Ҿ֪ôأ̫ƽ˵
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㲻ҪҵǸѾúܺˡ̫ƽĿȻһУע
С˵һϡϣ㣬ϣҲһȳģҡ
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С˵ˣūŽΪ˳Ϸ


368Ҿǻ̫

չΪʲôϿСһĿϬ˲Ѫȡ
Сӵ˵ūϣϷŹ̫ƽūԸΪϸǡ
ϹЦδ̫߹Լ˰ɡ㲻һ̫࣬Ϊ޸أ
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á²˷޵ʱ䣬޲Ź㡣
Сӿʼ
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˵ʱ򡣻ʵѾˣ˫ֲվָСӣ˺
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ϴʱѾڵˣ˫ָСʵԪ޵ӣ𣿿ǡôܣ
ԭһֱΪݽСӣӡҲ޵һʶĶӡ
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ֻ΢΢ƱĺȥʲôζѾֲˣΪѾ̫̫ࡣ
˵ʵʱѾˣΪףĻ游ܷŹһڡһκһˣǸӣӡ
ǵѪʬǲϵĻλЩѪʬδؾİ˵ģпܾĹס
ϣ˵˵ô࣬ʵѾ˸ˣֻ㡣ԪѾʧȥĸĸףϿɲԷŹԪİĹԪԸȥġԪվһһɰأͦúֱ
ϼ㾹ȻΪ̫ƽԸȥ
ǵġԪ붼˵
ǸĸһģһĸױǸ߹̫ӣȴԸ޵ĻȥȥȡȴҪһһһ˫˵ʧˡĸҲȷǧѷһ֣û뵽ҲǡϹЦ
Ԫ˵ϡѾǰĵϡȻͷصĿڵϣѪ첻ǾҺѪ
϶׼Ź̫ƽӴԺҲûԪҲСӡҲú˻㸴𡣡


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Ԫݲ԰ȴ쳣ᶨͷѪһһڣ𳾰һƬģ˻ʵ۵۾
ʵʵ㲻𣿡
Ψ̫ƽİ飬ҵ¾ãԭ䣬ůáԪش𣬡Ը⡣ΪãԼ
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ĸǣԪںδأ
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ԪûʻҪ²ԪΪ̫Ǹʾ˼
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˵Ԫ̫ƻˣѵĻ


370 

ѣˣҪҵԪ
󻹲̫
ʮ˻ӹˣ̫Ӹ磬ʲô¶𣿡
˵¸ոյõһǳõϢ㻹ǵǵĴµĺԪ𣿡
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ܰɣ̫Ӹ磬Ԫôˣûг֣ôһ־ͱɻ̫أôܻôƽأڣ̫Ӹ硣ǵ̫ӣµĺӲӦǻ̫ﰡʮ˻˵
̾˿˵˼ôѲ⣬Ҳ֪
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ЦҲҲΪ·Ҫпܣ˵ˣʵĲ֪ôˣ񸸻˵µĻʿ϶Һпܻ̫֮λġ
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Цô
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ǵģϢŭʮ˻һѾҵԪˣΪԪ壬ܲȥ˼죿
ϵĿøϬôȥԪʲô
ʣ尡Ԫþöûмˣֶӣ棬˵˵ҲǺѽʮ˻Ц
ϺȻվĿⶨʮ˻ӵ˵Ԫ˵ʲôأ
ʮ˻͵ˣûûʲôֻҪһԪ
޲ûи㣬ҵԪˣϢ˭˵أ˵
ʲôûҵ𣿡


371 

ʮ˻ӺȻãԼѾĸһ档
ϸʮ˻ӼԪӲʮ˻˵ʵֻ֪ʮ˻ô֪İˡ
ʮ˻ӣȥͻΪʮơԣʮ˻˵ʣôͲˣ͵ڷƨû˵⻰ǧѽ
£˿ڲ衣˵޸ıˣ޾Ԫһ죬ҹ
ʲôʮ˻Ӵ󾪣ϵ˼ȻҪʣʲôղҲǴ⿪ЦҪԪˡ
Цʮˣ޾˵¡˵ˡ
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ԪȻŲ谲ĺȲ衣İɫ䴹ס˲յ۾е
С̫࣬ǵ󣬾ð̫Ҿ˵ˣԪʮǰѾˣôأ㾹ȻԳǻ̫ǣʾȻҲ㡣ʮ˻ӷǳ߷߲ƽ߹ȥĴӡ
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Ԫ̧ͷ˵۾أؿʮ˻ӡ
ŵʮ˻ˣʮ˻ǴûмôµĿġ
Сӣ㡭ҿǻӡʮ˻ӵˣҶ֪ǧʮ˻ӴҺСԡ
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372

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滰Ȼ滰ѵ㻹Ҫƭҵʱأʹ˵
İġˡ
Ц㣬ܱҶһҴûаκˡֻҸСһŮң綼Ҫ޵ģѵôƴӵģҪ޸㣬ǾԺҷˡ˭֪ĸһֱϲҡҺˣ뿪㣬Ϊܱܵңû뵽ҲǸˣⱲǿȺˣѾûʲôϣԻȥˡ
תҪߣײ
Сæתȥƴرס
СΪʲôΪʲôҪɱʹ
ֻ㡭Ⱦգƴ桭˵ˡ
۾벻һ˫Ůίҡ
Ѷ̫ƽŵ١
߹˵Ǻã¡ү϶ˡ
̫ƽû˵ֻǰһӸˣ˿ڲ˵ǻǳǽκġ
С㡣ΪβĽأЩūôĿ㡭ٿ˵
̫ƽվƽȻһ˯
١Ժҵ㶼ȥָҵūǰɣǻضҪٴˡ
ΪʲôûūС㣬Сôأһ
ԼչԼģ߰ɡҲߣ˵Ѿûôˡ̫ƽ˵
ĺɺī㡢޶˳̫ƽǰ˵ūǲߣūԸ棡


377³¹

ǲҪ̫ƽ̾˿һ˼𣿡
ܹСһǵҡūǶ˵
¹̫ƽˮСС£һһ촽
ʱϣūǰȵƶϨˡ
Ϸ˿¹⣬̾˿
Ϸ˼ʮǰԼΪ¹ʱ
ʱ򡣳¹᧿Σ
ƺƵףҶٻĶϾ졣
ˡ
ʮﳤ֡ꡣ
Ҷٻ̧̧֣ǹӵĺ󱳣ӣˡ
˷ҶٻŮװҶϪΪʡ
ʵҶϪҶٻΪùϵ
ҶϪΪ¹̫ӣԱΪʡ
¹Ϊ˱Ҷٻû˵Ҷٻǳ¹ΪҶϪıūŹȥġ
ҶٻҲ书ߵġ
ҶϪ˯շ齾ס
һ·Ĥ΢΢ЩۣϾҪĥˡ
Ҷٻ΢΢һЦЦøոҶϪ
ҶٻȴɾӰȻ
ͣҶٻ͹ҶϪϡ
º񣬸ѥӣ󱳵ǿ
ȻҶϪ紥һˤĺһŢĽӡ
ˡ
Ҷٻ˵ǶȻܳΪ˵Ц԰գҶٻֱѾҶϪվ
ֻǲ֪Զվһλӡ
紵¶Ʈɡ
ֻǣĻްĿ⣬ͶҶٻϡ
ˣǺĶϹү
Ҷٻ˫ϸУǹ΢΢һЦ
ʱҶٻҲע
̧ͷһʵӰ
˫Ŀݽ֮Ҷٻ֡Ǹ˲ˡ
ϸ룬ϺȻһߺȡ
һûõˣѵ¹·߲𣿡
Ҷٻתͷ
ֳʣҲǺְĵ游һ󣬸°ͣЦĿ⣬˳¹ϡ
㲻ҡҶϪˡ
ǣҲֻŭ
ֳǰ̧ҶϪؿھҪ߹ȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ҶٻѾ͵͵˲ע⣬ץסֳʵĽţһƣֳʾ͵˵ϡ
Ϊ̫죬ǲûпҶٻʲô
ҶϪȴҪȥֳʡ
ֳʿҶٻĿһˮʪףֻ΢΢˲۾ϵʪŭˣɱ
¹Ӽˣȴ޼ƿʩ
ʱȽĽŲ
תĿԡ
Ǹˣһȴݣɫĳºյɫ
ɫҶٻϲġ
üޣĿ𣬺һĿҶٻ
ôһۣҶٻ;ô˱طǳ
Ҷٻ˶¹ˣߺӣ
ԭ˾ǵĴܲʢԸѵųξȴָڳˡֶα仯ˣ˿ɴĦ˼
Ҷٻһ벻ˡ
ʲôˣ٪𣿳ôСɱǱܲʢȻҶٻɤһɢ
ֳʲ˵˵кθ߼
ܲʢ΢΢һЦЦɽѩɣһúҲĳ˿
ҶٻһĿ⽻ܲʢ۽Ǵ΢â
ǴʱΪܲʢūͣͻ
ƣҶٻûзͱܲʢߣҶϪֵ
ܸϣܲʢҶٻվ顣
¹¹ҶϪҲ
ҶٻΪû֪ǳ¹˵ˣܲʢָҶٻµݡ
ԣûϳҶٻ
మҶٻͳϷˡ
䵽ˡ
Ϸ̾˿̫ƽǵһţҲˡүΪʲôҪһţ
߹Ϸˣˣ벻Ҫ̫ˣҪš
Ϸ˵û̫ƽʧȥ꣬ҾáŲԶˡ
Ϸˣα˵ĻּˣϷ˴ô۵ģΪʲô
ҲֻϷ֪ʵȳȥ̫ƽһӦþˡ
ӲĻءҲ岻þͻᲡˡϷ˺Ȼ˵ΣڵϦˣҾȻ֪
Ϸ˽ôˣԽ˵ԽˡֶˣϷˡū澷Ƚȥɡһ̫˸ˡҲҪԼѽ
ҲԼΪҪԸ̫ƽҪԸһ𣿡Ϸɫʵ
ū澾ͲˡʲôֵûȥԸأ˵
ԸǣȻԸĿģ㲻㻹ǵ˵Ǹһκ˶ܽȥ𣿡
ū澼ǵġϷҲҪԼѽ۾һ԰


378²

Ϸ˵ͷ԰źܶܣԣҲȥ
˵ǣǸطΪ̫ڻʧޣȷûȥϵҲûмעǸط
Ҳע⵽ġͱ̫ƽҾͲֹһμ̫ƽȥǸطϷ˵
ʵ̫ƽڶʲôϷ˶Ҳ֪ġ
ǣϷ˿Ʋ˵ƣΪ˸̫ƽӡҲ֪̫ƽϣԼŮеӡ
ʹ
̫ƽŵİŽҶ֪ԼԽԽˡ
Ȼÿ˴ӳ쿪ʼǳԼ߽ǣ̫ƽ˿ʺȴ࣬ǡ̫ƽԵýţѾһεˣµֻΪʲôҪô졣ûúܶ顣
Ϊ˵̫м̫ƽ̫ϣܹǰΪ̫ٿ̫Ӧˡ
̫۾ЩģƺһӰ
ǰգ۾ԺһЩԽԽء
̫󣬳Եɡ̫ƽ˽һ롣
һҩţ轡лƾ̫ƽûмӾջȻջҲǿĿģջԺ̫ʺϴʱ̫
Щһģһ㡣
ֻ㹽Ǻ塣
ͦġ̫պЩˣһζӣ̲סһڡ
ӪֵܸߣȻԶ˻壬յģͿյĺܺóԡ
̫۾ģۻ軨£˲ҩţͿ̫۾ܶࡣ
û뵽Ҳ˵ã̫ճһڡͶ̫ƽ޲ڣϧˣ˴ϻ֮ˣȴպ󰧼ĶɲҪࡣ
̫Ӧٻ󣬡޻ЦֻҪ̫ϲҿÿ춼ͬҩŸ̫ҵĸֻǿϧȴǸġ
Ǻã㶼ôóԣһͦڴĳյġ̫˵
ΪϿ̫֮ɫ࣬ʱҲģˡ
ţ޻㣬⣬ӵ̫ҩţ̫һս
ʱ
һɫĶ౦˺ЩģǼѪʯ飬ǼСġ
ɫ֮¥ЩͣŶҪСЩߵ¥ǰһɫ
Ԫһۣſ׻ɫһ˫ɫƤѥվ£Զ
˹ʱҪޣľˡ
ϣѾˣҲܷ̫ƽԪն
ֻҪ̫ƽ޿ϷΪ̫޻Ϊ㣬ϳ̫֮λ޻Ϊʴ˵޿Ƿġʵ̫࣬ҲǱӦôӣȻҲֻһ޵ıӦ
ҲҪЩϣ֪֮ԽֻΪ˻ҸĸһѣȻѾ֪ǶԩģҲˣȥ׷ˣΨһ˾̫ƽҲܷġԪϵ
̾˿˵͸ĸһģһΪһСֻǿϧˣ˾ȻҲһ
ˡ

Ԫ˵ﲻȱ𴦣ĹٱΧ˼ʮ㣬һ˶ǽģһˣҪȥѵģôԽأ
˵ˡҼȻҪһнİ취ȻѾˡû˵͵˵ϣ³һѪ
ԪˣôˣҪҪ
Ҹ˵ˣ߰ɡɱȥüģҪȻǾͻͷˡ˵
ʲôɱģԪһ
ԡˣͻذΧû뿪ɡǸ
СҲߣ̫ƽô죿ԪҡҡͷĿȻ֣㲻֪ҶôǺ޲ãϾͼ
ˣҲǾȲܹġôܹһ뷨أܹҲ˵ô죿ôһǸΪʲôҪһأҰˣκһ˳Ҷѹġ̾˿˵
ˡ㲻ףʱһһ˻ҪģǸŵ˲ʹˡԪȻȻ˵ͲҪ
ʱ
Ԫ˵ģһЩٱǡղţ̫ðˣһǹġ
˵ˣΪ˾㣬Ѿ˲ˡ
ڸϽ㵽ҷȥûҽ㣬㲻


379¹ؽ

Ԫߴ٣뿪Ѿǲߡ
ԪϵĴ£˵ҳˣԳֻԼܣûУ㲻óһ
ȻԪ߳ȥԡӿӿĹٱǡ
Ϊ˱ԪеղŴǵˣҡ
ôأղšͲԪ
ģ˵ı¶Ǻǿģȫһ˶ϲ
Ԫ˵ֻǹ˰̣ԣûϳǿˡ
Ϊ˱Ԫ˺˼Ƥġ߲Ҳ˺
ǡ߲Ǳϵļ˰̡
Ϊα̫档֮ǰԪƾڴ߶˭ûлɹ
Ƕһ˺ƤԪĺ͸ղŵȫһˡ
һʱҲֲˣĸġ
¾ȻôȻһŮ
Ԫȥ
ľȻ̫
̫ݵǷ׷׹¡
ԪҲ¡
̫첽Ԫ
Ϊߵ̫죬Ųһˤʱ򣬱Ԫסˡ
̫Ԫ˵ţ̧ͷ
̫󣬾˸棡
̫ˡ
ԪԪ̫ȥ
Ԫס̫ǿݵ֣ʵǵģԪ
̫˵ȻֻСʱ򣬿ǣҿȷԪ
˶󾪡
Ԫ˵ǵģǣĸѾ˫˫ȥûа취ϡ
ԣͳ²ߣΪ˸㸸ĸƽͳ̫̫ࣿ㴷أʹ޵Ǻοأ̫࣬ɶԵ㸸ĸ֮飿ǲϣɹΪƽֻϣҸŮһһأΪǰѪȥ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵̫ˣ˵Щ̫ˡ
̫˵ҺȥүүΨһĻ̫Ժô檣ܵһԻϵıӦҶȻɱ˰Ψһ
Ԫվ
̫Ԫ󡣿ǰĹٱǣȻȴѱͦñֱ
紵̫ͷƮϵƣˮһչ
ǣԪȴ̫Ȼ
Ҳ֮УҲֻ̫󣬻ԪĸһƬ꣬ǵĺôˣƴȥһĨϣɡ
ϣѾãǡֻҪпڣͲ¡
ٱԶ¡̫˵֮գ˭ȥҾӦȥˣضųն
̫ˣ˭˵ʲô
Ȼ̫Ԫ˽ȥ㲻Ҫ£аڡȥûбĸĸ񣬰Ҳþصޡ
߽ȥԪȴˣл̫ǣȲһǴҪģҪǡϣԾȾ̫ƽ
̫˵ԭ֮ˣ̫ƽϧ̫ƽ£ϵشΣҲҪɱֻûа취
Ԫ˵̫Ҫҡ
ʲô̫ƽһ̫һ
Ȼ̫ͬͬͬͬͬͬȫԪ
̫̾˿˵ǺײϣӦЩӣ鰧ѽ
ҲТ˳ǣ첻ꡣԲ̫Ԫ۾ȴһƬ
̫ԪߣһʱԪ̫Щ¡
̫ҲԪŹȥĻ̫ӣҲԪ׵¡
㸸ǸТӣֱִѵܹաûһ˲ϲǣôһˣԼ׵ĵ¡ԣϵıӦûгٵ̫̾
Ԫ˵̫Ҫˣʱʱ
ûã̫ȥһ˵ˣ̫˵ԭ֪СӾԪ
ĸǿԼѡġ˵޲ɱǣȴֹɱ
̫˵ϡֻҪŹ̫ƽ
¹Գһˡ˵
ԭ˽ġ̫˵
˵û˽ģΪ˴룡
̫Цѵϲ̫ƽòãԲʹɱĵǹó¹ڡΪҲ֪ҶԻġ
˵ǲǣı䲻֡˵ˣѾϣֻͽʹࡣҲ˵Ľѡ
̫ʵģԭǸ
̫ѸߣӽԺûʲô¾ͲҪˡϺȻĿ˵


380½

㡭ʲô˼̫ʶ
ĿϬ˵ĸ֪ģǲһ谭޵Ĳġ
°ĸף
ڻʹû飬ֻ档ĸͨһĽӡ̻޵ġ˵޻ǵãĸ㵱꣬ôһŮһ̫֮λġ
̫ڵء
ԭ겻ֶΡһһϰԼϻʺ̫֮λȻȫԼĶЧ¡
ڣĶӱй֮޲
Լ¶֡ǣȴˡ
Ͼ̫ıӦ
̫ǰܸ˻ϣҲǰܸκˣǰܸ졣
뵽̫Ц
ЦĪûϺ¡
ʲôЦģüë˵
һţĴָľջ£ϵҲݵԲ󡣺ͮͮģǺÿ
̫̾˿˵ϣѾˣѵҪ߰ҵ··ӵľͷǻںѽ
ںޣܱȻҪáЦ
̫ҡҡͷĿԽϣԶ
Ǿͷĺڰ
̫˵ϣˡ
̫󱻻Ϲˡ
£ܿʹԪ
ԪȻãһֱܣȳ̫ƽĻᶼûˡ
ǣһڵҹ͵͵뿪
Լڵ鷿
һֽֽѹǣŨڵī֭ȥֽһᣬһԣʼëĹţһбƵġ
˽εĴϺ˵ĲźЩľζϦ©ڵϻӰӡ
Ԫ廨ɫҽ£Ǻɫ¡ɫĿӺͺɫĲЬ˽
ϿԪһôģôޣ
æΣһǻ֮ɫ
Ԫ˵ϣ˿֪Ҳ˿赲
⻰ûϴһʲôѵ޲
ϡˣô뵽һأС֮ģȾ֮ѽԪ˵ţߵԽԽ
϶˶뵽ղԼȷ̫ˣЦոǿ޲òѽ
Ԫ˵ϣԸ̫
ϴϲͨԸ𣿡
Ԫ˵ϣҵˡҵȻԸ⡣
ͶҪסѪŨˮϲ⣬߹ȥסԪ֣˵ֻҪ˻̫ʹԸ̫ƽ𣿡
ףҵȻסһһҪ߻ϣءԪЦ
ϼԪЦˣǳˣ޿Ц˾ͷˣ֪ѾɨͺãӺɷ򣬺λأ
Ԫ̾˿˵ϣʵҲҪ͸һ񡣡
ŶʲôЦ˵޷
Ԫ˵ǣﻹҪҳȥȡ
һᵽϾ;ʲôҪȥˣԺҪԼأ
Ԫ˻һۣ˵ԣҾͰ齻ϣΪҰһ
ЦͶˡڻ̫ʽ
ԪЦϣҲΪ˹
֪Ǻã޾ͺ˵ˡ˵ｻޣ޾ͲΪ̫Ц
Ԫͷ۾ȴ¶һĨϬ
ûá
ԪȥϢ֮󣬻
ϧٲԼҡ˭޷֪
̾˿Ԫ£Ҳֻ԰쵽
Ȼ벻Ԫ
ǻϾԲ뵽顣
뵽ϲĳѻ
˵Ҫˣͷŷѻ
һֻѻŵġ
ǡȥŷѻ
ȻûãѻȻĴŽˡ
һ˵ūŲμϡ
ƹްϿԪϵơֻ˵ԪҪһҪɡ
Ȼˡ
Ϊ֮ǰһֱļ淽ʽҲûж롣˵·ڱϣҲͻˡ
ǡ书ǿǻ۳ȺڻУһĴڡ
Ȼûжˡ
ʱֱӳ˹ֻԪķ䣬ҲԼķ䣬һ̾ͳˡ
ããҹһƬǣܡ񱼣ҪȥҵԶ
ʱԶ硣


381¼Ѫ

һιӰڷĽĽǶͭƬţϹһѾµͭΪЩʱˣͭЩźɻϲȵһмҵƷ
¹ڲڹӱϣžͷڰһŰɫӡϰһͭƽľ棬ľɫĵӳ˳
紩һɫ¡䴦һȦɫƻߣڳɫ˿
Զ·ѩ׵ļͷ̲סҧһڡ
һ˵Ϣһ¡
ҪһΡԶӵ˴ϣѹ˹
Զղžⴲȵġ
ϡԶɹռ塣
Ʒһ֮󣬾ղˡ
ԶˣҲˡ
˺ɲһһһϿԴսüغϡ
ȻһذףӴķɹ˴ĺϡ
Զذ֪˭ģˡ
Զ磬԰
ߣ¹վߣͣһֻ
Զ˵ˣˡ
ȥ˵Ҫ֤أ
ԶĬˡ
ûи֤ݣ˵㻰Ͼɱ㡣һŹ˵Ҫ˵죬ûʱˡ
ǣ֤ݡѾ㵽ˣɲԴӦңҰ֤ݽ֮㲻Ҫ˺ҸףҪ˺κһˣ𣿡Զ˵
˵ҴӦˣ֤أ
ĴӦˣҪ˵㻰ҪȻģԶǿ׳ƣǡԽ˵棬Խˡ
ûеԼܶԸ˽֮
˵ϻ̫࣬úܿġ
ԶͲ˵ˡ
ǹԹԵͳһӣҸͨѹ֤ݡ
ӹ򿪺һ÷ǳ⡣
ͷҲصˡ
ԶˡǣҲֻؿһһʧʡ
˭֮ǰ˵õģõ磬ԶҪṩͨѹ֤ݡ
ԶȻԸõ磬Ҳֻó֤ΪŹԼʳԵˡ
ҲԥģϾ͵޷ָԶˡ
ǣ¶ԶҲģԶŵ˵ʡ̫̫ʹԶˡ
Ԫӣ߽˻ʹ
Ȼ뿪԰֮󣬾ʹˣʧˡ
ɫĲ輸ϣһ໨豭һԵĵװźЩ㡣
Ԫһɫ·ƮƮɣһͷںڵĳ΢һ˫ɫĲġ
ϣͨѹ֤ݡԪһӡ
һûд򿪣Ȥ뿪ʹΪľʲҵ֤ݣ
Ԫ˵ͨѹǺ£ڻҲǲġ
֪֪޵ˣҪԶֱ𣿡Ϸǳˣ̫Ҳ˵ͨѹ޷ǳˡѾ̫ľϢˡĪǣҲϣ޲ˣ
ϣˡǣʲûΪԪ˵Իһζʡ⡣
ԣԪһԶٱʡ
ϵһⲻˡ
Ϸ˵ã޸߹ˣ㻹ǲô޾ʹӿⲻʲôõ֤ݣ޾Ҫˡ
Ԫûһ˿ţֻǵĿǸӡ
Ϸ˼ţʺͺ˻ͨ޵šк˵ƣȻҲС
ϵüëȻƶУѵѾʵˣ
Ԫͷϣ˭֪һ죬Ѫʹź˾ӹˡڲھǰ˭֪Ƿڻ
ЩϵĶȥˣԥ˵ЩϢǴ˭ģʲԽˡ
ԶҵġԪ˵Ųæ
ܡϴ󾪣ԶʵĶӰ
ΪǶӣýƻʻôܵĶױ¶֪ʵѾǸӲѾˣΣԶʵڴѽԪ˵ԶṩЩֻһҪ󣬾ϣ׵
Ϻһʧ˵벻ԼĶӶ㲻ôܰ޸㶨أ
̫ҰĲӶ˶ͷֻ»ôҶ׷Ч£ԪһѪ


382 ³

ַڶͷϣ֪޸ҺܶôΪˣ޸˺ܶࡣˣ޾һһæˡ
ϣʲôǻġҪǻôѡѡĺã¾صסѡĲã˵ˡԪƵᣬһ
ǣǹ͸߰ûһ
ô£ý˭ȽϺã˵
Ԫ˵󡣡
һΪҪ̫ӣ²̫ɣ׵ˡ
ԪЦȥ̫Ӻҽãÿһ̫ӵ⡣˵ˣҲ̫ĺûᡣԺȺУ֧̫ӵĽʼ̫ӿԽΪԼš
ָ豭˿ҡŵĲЦΪβأΪ̫Ӧ
ҲţԸ̫ӡԪ
ϺȲ裬ߺȻԪ
ǵüۣϤǣԪϵ֮磬ȴǰ̫ûеġ
ϬĿ⣬ûԪˡ
ȻԸȥˣԼΪ⡣
һֱ㡣Ϸ²豭һڿ
Ʈҡճ˳ϵ˫ͼ
Ԫ˵ʵѾˡѡ˳Ĭ
̾˿˵ȥɡˣ޻ŷЩȡ
лϡԪ˵ʲôˡ
ҹϡ
̫ƽãʱˡ
٣֪ϺȻİպ褺ȥ𣿡̫ƽ˵졣ƣϾҪҶˡ
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383 ע

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ԣϣͻֹϣѹҪѣҲҪһʱܽѡ
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յĴضɺˡ
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̫ƽдˣͰŶۺãߵԺ˴ϡ
ԪѻˣǷš


384 ն

ѻɹˣԪվԺȥǷźѻĽȡ
ѻȺƺӦûлţҪ͡
ǣԪǷ֮ӯ˻ֶѻ˵ȥɣúϢӴԺҲҪˡ˾
ҲôѻоʲôԵѻæųɹԪͷԸ뿪
Ԫ˵ûУɣ߰ɣҲˡ
ѻԸߡԼߣܹȥѱѻ˹ʱԪЩѻװվΧǽϣƺڵȴԪ
ѻվһ֧ӣжͬļ֡
벻ãԪûаǵ
ԪǺĵιЩѻѻҲԸĶԪֻԪѾ¶Ҫ̫ƽͬͲٻѻˡЩѻȴԸ
ʱְҲѾȺڻʹſڡ
֪̫ƽпܻ¡
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385½ٷ

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áȻǵ˼ҽǵ⡣ллǡԪÿֻѻ˱
ԪѻѾѻˣֿ֮ˡ
ѻǵԪô򵥣ѡ
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ܿ죬ԶԶΧ۵İǿⳡ棬ƺҲµҪӺ̫ƽ׷ΪԪź
ԪǧȻ԰ٹٱȽϿ̡Ƕ԰պܺãʩҲǾģտĿáԣԪһйٷٵĻ̫ƽȻǷǳĵ顣
ǿʼŽ˽¾ۼһٷˡ
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386 з

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̫ƽʪĳ׵ϣԵø滨һ֦¶ˮĺӡ
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ʮ˻˵⵹Ǹ⣬ǣȥ߸ʡ
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˳˳ǡ
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387 ˽

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˵Ҫ̫ƽߣû˵ھͷߡְļˣÿ
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Ǵİ顣
¹ͣˣǵĴϢûͣ
紵̫ƽ˿Ԫͷ˷Ц𣿡
̫ƽͷ촽ĶƤˡ
Ԫÿˮʪ̫ƽĴЦϧǳ̫ûдʲôԵġֻȥժЩҰЩҰȳһԣһ˵
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ʵ۲˵Ԫʵġ


388 ӵ

ϾԪǵ̫ﰡ
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ĸѸߣԲ޹ˣŭİ̫͹Χס̫
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ǰǻȼյ
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ⶼʲôѽ̫ƽر˵Ķսôһùζ
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ôңԪ̫ƽһ㷢
̫ƽЦҡҡԪֱ˵ôòã
Ԫҡҡͷ˵ԭİóԵĸ㣬ȴҪҧҡ
̫ƽЦ֪˻Ժڡ
ˣ̫ˡܺˡԪȻĺ촽촽ססһ
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̡ԪЦáǴӷҹģþ˲ùζ
̫ƽ˵˾ûùζͦóԵӡ
ӺóءԪЦ
̫ƽҧһڣͷóء
ԪҲҪҧ̫ƽ˵ҧġ
ôҲҧءԪƤЦ
̫ƽҡҡͷ
Ϊ˿ڣԵʱ򻹱ۡ
Ԫˣ̫ƽҰ˺˸԰ɡ
ˣҲ̫ۡƽִسţȻʹֱҧȻʹöͷ϶Ǻˮϰˡ
ǰѾĥúܼ򵥡
ܻȥѾǶˡ̫ƽƽ˵ֻǣȥأǰĳǳأҲѾ˸ʾҵĻ񶼱ͨһǾͻᱻץߡ
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389 ҹ

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ԴԪЦ
ŶôҲôõĵط˵ЦɣԴ硣̫ƽҡҡͷֵ㰡ʱˣȻЦ
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̫ƽ˵ˣ˵Щѣļֻѻ𣿡
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䣬ȻϤѻԪ۾һ˵ǹȻˣ̫ƽȻ˵ˡ
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390 취

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Զ˵˾簡
Ѿ󾪣𣿸磿ҲһλùֻǣһЩ»صҲʧΪһ׮Ե
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391 ֲ

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û⣬ϲ޸˭㶨ҪΪ̫Ҳа취Զһϲţ
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Ϸ˵þòԽˡ
Ϸ˹ˡѾҢȴڱصá


392 

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393 ˭

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ѵԴ𣿡ūؿ߹˵УҲҵȥ
̫ƽЦ²߹ˡøòˣɼūĳ谮ѽ
ǰǶҺܺã˳ġ̫ƽҲҪл㣬ǡûȰ棬ҺҲûҸӡ
֪ϧұˡ̫ƽΪ߹ˡ
ǡ߹ؿԪĪģ
̫ƽͷԪ½ǣ쵽Ӹȥ
ԪЦɫǵģǵȻġһҪȢ̫ƽء
ūЦСӿΪ˾ܹ˹ٻ󣬻ҪΪͨأ˵ⲻģ˭
߹ã˵ҲǺҵİɡ
̫ƽ˵߹ÿ˵İ鶼һֻҪ氮ϧͿԵõҸ
ȻԪ̫ƽūӵūӲС
ŷҵѵûӻȥȴŷҵɱˡ
һȺŷˤ˴롣
ŷ˵˵ǱһȺūȡ
һϣūӽʱһϲҿ̫ƽǻܶ㵽Ķȥŷ״ŭ


394 

һһҹ˶Щˡ
Ԫ˵ǰ͵ˣǿԷˡȥҪȥϵġǰңŷҵˣѾȥ֪ˡٴǣǺܲġ
߹˵ûϵģô˵Ҳǹ˭ô
̫ƽӣ¶һӣС죬˵;ǧһ߹ҵ飬̫ƽǣǰԴˣֻҪǽȥͿҸˡ
߹ű˱̫ƽ̫ƽ᲻뿪㡣
Ԫūߵһȥ
ū˵лһҪȾơι˺ܶƣһ̳õһƣ͸㳢ϣϲҲҶõһף
ԪЦл㣬ԼһһȾơֻǻ֪ʲôأܲһֱƺӡ
ҮذˡūӺˬЦƷ֪ǧ٣룬ʱǺȾƣһǧġ
ɫġԪ̫ƽˡ
߹ǵıӰЦ֪ҲϲСӡ֪һ̫࣬Ҳϲֻ̫ƽô¸ҡ
ū˵ǵҸǲ֪أ˵ˣҾСδزˡ
ôأСӿ̫ࡣ
ܾһ̫಻ǺҲжء
ūӵĻ߹˵ˡӺʾңСʵжġֲá
ԣڼ޸ˣūӳԴˡ
߹Цҡҡͷūӵĸ첲
ѽۣˣҲ˵ūӴ
ߣ㻹Ҳ˵ҺˣҼ޸ʹҰ㣬ҽֻᰮһˡ߹ִŵ˵۰飬Ҳ̫ƽô¸ңǣҲþȫ
ǰ档Ȼһʯͷš
̫ƽ˵磬Դ𣿡
Ԫͷ̫ƽطһϲġ벻һһǴԼİ˹
˽ȥ
ƣֻƴĵطϵ鼮ţɰļǺš
벻ȥ鼮ڻڡԪ߹ȥģԭʼգﶼңбˡ
̫ƽҲ￴
νԴдĲһ
ǼСݣһԺӣм
Ȼɽˮмңûˡ
طȷһҲġ̫ƽԼڲݵϣζ˵ٶءĴ
Ԫ˵ֹܾһΣÿҪʱȴ벻ͷҲʼۡ
̫ƽ˵˵Ĳãⷿӣ㲻úͶ԰ǳ𣿡
Ԫͷһ˵ҲЩˡ
ֹ񣬼ֱһģһ̫ƽҡҡͷ֣磬˵԰ǲʲôأϷ˲ǹȥ
ûУҲ޴֪ˡԪȻһְֻԼͷ֧ЦŸ̫ƽ̫ƽҪȥЩǷǷˣͷˡ
̫ƽȻһȭԪǰߣᡣ
ۣӺסԪʹ
ʵ̫ƽȭͷͺ޻һʹˡ
Ȼһʰ䣬׼ס
Ԫˡ
Ӻץ㡣
ɱϴɾ֮õϸƺãȫͿһͣȻۣ͸ը졣
ϴɾгɶΣһ߱áȻ󽫴ı⡣гСҲһ߱áȺ֮󣬵ͣѴ⳴㣬ٰѲҶŽȥλ
Ⱥ֮󣬵һͣкõ⵹ȥٰϴɾŽȥ
ʱǽϹ£һñѾƷڣϡͷڻࡣ
̫ƽϴ
ˡԪЦӣΪʳζΣ
̫ƽԪϿӡ
̫ƽȤҪҳԣһ֮
᲻ᣬΪӦġԪЦ档
Ŀġ
ȥԼ˸Լԡ
Ȼǻ̫ȴûйϼĸ
һֱѹŵģˣܵζٵĿ֡
Ĳˣȷܺóԡ˵츳
ǣˣҲϣİ˺͡
û뵽ԸȻʵˡ
ңʵԸҲ򵥡
ֻҪ÷¹ȥϧ¡
ζ̫ƽЦ
ˣԪȥϴ룬̫ƽѻιʳ
˺Ϸһ


395 ֮

ϣ˼粢ż磬Ժ￴
ҿԴȥץСϺС㣬ץԣһϲҿԴȥ񵰣ɽ֮ﲻ˷ǣǵӻ÷ǳ뵯٣ҿһٸ㡣뿴飬кܶ飬ǹȥġԪҸ˵۾д㽡
̫ƽͷԪļϡůůġ
ϣΪŴԪ˯ذˡ
̫ƽ˷ܵ˯š
ǵԴҪʼ
ˡ
̫ƽű˯ˡ
Ԫˡ
紵һҹԺˮϣһ㱡Ǳ£βɵȥ
һСƻһҹ֮ð˳ܰɫӲݶʱ޹⡣¡Լǿ
ԪСƻժڻƿȻȥˮ
ˣ̫ƽûѹԪ֪̫ƽһ˯úҪȻ̫ƽϰߣǲô˶ġ
̫ƽûˣԪҲûԣͿʼԺ轣
ϵŨȥ̫ƽѹˡ
õʳ̫ƽҸУˮԺԪ
Ԫʱ̫ƽëԪȥԪӹ˲ͷϵĺס̫ƽ˵һȥ԰ɡ
˶ӹϸˮ
Ϊװˡ̫ƽҲʼѧˡ
˹Ȼһѧͻᡣ
һƬ㡣
ϵѾгƬ״ݷõ㹽ڵŨңҲϴɾˡ
̫ƽ˵ٵĽгһζʱ
ͼ̫֮ƽ˹ٰ֮㹽ȥţٰⶡҲӽȥٵķ뽴ͺΰͣٷһһˡ
죬ĿŷϵĲ㴵ˡõ廨裬Ҳˡ
ԪȻ̫ƽַԼס˵ӣʲôʱװ
ǰǴһӾסӦþһʽȻٽΪѽ
̫ƽͷ˵ǣôˣһ֪
ԭ㻹ô¡Ԫ̾˿
磬ǲ̫˽ˣҾһ֮һǨŭҵĸĸסҵĸҵֵܽǿôأ褺Ҫˣ᲻ܵӰأ̫ƽĶǶ
ôĺԴסأ
Ԫ̾˿Ȼַ̫ƽļ˵㲻סˣҾ뿪֮Ҷ㡣
ǵģ硣̫ƽˣʵֻ֮ͨдСӶԪһ·ϣһ±Ԫݣ»صߡˣѽ
ôأҪԸҲǵڶԸѽԪЦҰŮˣҵȻκ۸
硣Բ𡣡̫ƽʵ
ҪޣҲϣޡԪԸ̫ƽᣬ㣬󡣡
̫ƽ˵ǣ£һʱǽ˵ġ
Ԫ˵Ҳȷ粨֮ҿȥӺһ
Ӻ̫ƽһ̾˿˵Ҳ治˼ΪδޡҺûнԼء
ԪӺ§ס̫ƽ˵ӺȷܿȻֿ֪һҪǸ
һѹݾľϣĳսһƬ߲Ӱӡ
Ӻһۣڵű˵ӡ
˵ŷҵҵԪˡӺæҹ񱼣ϣȥԼֶ
ǣӺϵʱ򣬿ȴǴܣѰҹˡ
·Եľճɽ̿ȴȻķ̡ϵʯ飬Ҳմ¯ȡʯ顣
ǿһˡ
һõԤף
ѵԪ̫ƽҲˣ
ĿһʹӺվסˡ
֪Լôģȥ󷢷һȥ˺ܶطǸұˣûǵӰ
Ǿͺ˼һš
ӺȻȥ
Ѿˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˺ܶˣϣǰûʲô˹
Ӻ۾ϣȥò˵ңСǲǾԪ
Ӻס˫ݵ֣ͷһ۽¡
벻һۿҲʵ̫ǰ̫ˡˡ
ʹĸҪѹҪġӺʵ
Լ֪ж̫Ѿʱ޶ˡ


396 

˵ͿĳһںɫѪ
ԳѪǺɫģӺɵ˼֡
糤Լ˵ģȷʱ޶ˡ
ֻһ룬ܼ˵ͻԹȥ
Ӻæ̫ҽ
ԽԽˣǴԴҲ⡣
̫ƽԪ˶¶㣬һ˫Ь
Ԫ˵̫ƽѾȥˣػ϶ǵͨҲû֮ǰôˡ֪ʲôʱҪ뿪ȥһˡ
֮ǰ߹ūӻţŷҵѲūӵʲôûв
Ѿŷҷǳ
Ϊ˱ԼΣ߹ūڴס£ǻסھء
磬õİ¡Ѿĸס˶
ǵͬȥ
ϰȨһк󣬿ʼ¶ԣ¼ɳӴ󳼺ͰգΣ˵
һȷѪ꣬Ѿ¶
Դ
С
̫ƽԪŵɫĳӣѾЩףɫĿĺܡǺɫĿӣһ˫ƵĲЬվԺ
ӱⲿ¶ɫڳģڵĿӽ⿪ţ¶ƤԺһȦ
һصصũ񣬿ȴú⣬ǴҸɵ΢Цڻʹﲻеġ
ڻʹܻṴ𴽽ǣ¶յЦ
ǿ̫ƽڿת̫ƽЦҪʰãǾҪȥˡ
á̫ƽ֪ԪϲطΪԸߡ
ݰܳأ̫ƽһϧ̫ƽҲˣνȴԸ֮󣬾͸ԪصԴٲȥ
աҲҪȥЩҩھһҩӡǽȥԱһܡ̫ƽ˵ţѾſһɫɡ
ɡ£÷˶ͷſ
̫ƽԪһЦݣֱͬŮ
Ȼͣˣ̫ƽ¨һС
ΪЩҩ˼ĵط̫ƽòһ߿һѰҡ
ڵϣӣ˶
ⶴСںġӶƮζ̫ƽܿ϶Ǿè㡣
ԽԽڣеζҲԽԽŨڣ˶ľͷܵèѾ̫ƽЩѣˣڱһһè͵
̫ƽϲһδεĽڰѶеè㶼ȡ˳ҡ
è㣬ǷǳЯֹʹҩ㰡
·Զʱȥ԰ߣҲԷֹʹ
̫ƽȡһè㣬ˮɺ״ȻгɶεĶ٣ţϥҩһгƬ״ֽȺ󣬷Ž죬óгɶȻװ
èƬЯ̫ƽǶںɰϡ
Ȼ֮ǰɼĽĥɷۣͱĸǰӻһҩࡣţٽҩСԲ裬Ȼҩ챸á
һ̫ܶ࣬ƽͲɹˡ
ҩ׼׵㿪ʼҩˡ
һ̫ƽҪݸࡣõĲҩǺܶࡣ
õ廨ˮѹ֮ټۺ͸ʲݡ
ʲζ𣬿΢ȴܶá
־Ȼ֮󣬱һԱãⲿϡ
űҪҪɷ֣ۣƢһĥɷۣ֮ǰõϣȻһ죬Ļ˲ʱݸࡣ
̫ƽݸŽҩٽϴϣͿ϶ҩ
һ׼׵ѾƻˣԪѾ
ˡ§һ𣬿һ
Ʋ֣
쿴ǡ̫ƽ˸ǷԸ
áԪ˵ѾԸˡ
ʲô̫ƽԴ˵
㡣
ᣡ
Ȼ̫ƽҲ۾˸Ը
Ը޹ԪҪ˶áǰˣػҸ
ԼҸͲҪˡ
ǡԪµԸȴǺ̫ƽϵһġ
紵̫ƽԪļͷ˯ˡ
Լе壬ϮԪϡһѳֲס뱧ȥ·ӴŮˡ
ûСֻ̫ƽ⻬
ָ΢̫ƽ
ůӣ̫ƽûжĿ⡣
ϣҪô˾ӡǿаڵϡ
Լˣܾġ


397 

Ԫȥ촽̫ƽĺ촽
֣촦죬ǣȥˡ
Ĵ񻨰һһѹͬ۷һƷϸ׵Ĳ
ǣͣסˣҪʱ
૵磬硭
̫ƽԴϥϡ
ºƣĦٲһĳ
˿ϣһƥĳиϡ
ǣȥʧ
һҹ˯÷ǳƽͰꡣ
͸㣬ˣҵ㣬֪֮󽫲ڣԣһҹ˯
Ҫסһҹůһҹζ
ˡ
̫ƽԪؾȻûѡ
һҹû˯û뵽ˣԪȻ˯ˡ
̫ƽΪԪǺñӡۼˣ֪Ԫ뿪
Ϊǣң˭ֻ뿪ⰲأ
ʹ
߹սµǱˡ
ŭ糯ʱѯ˭Ը
һӦսֻ˳Ը¡
̾˿˵һ²ѽ
ѯŷҵ˿Ը⣬õĴ𰸾ȻѾϣǰ
ǿѹŭѯԶ
ǣԶһҪѾףһûг׳ɹһղսܾ
Σֻ˵޻һλûгףǰ˹ǰ߹ūӳףҽؽ֮ãūٶԴ޿ЧϴΣͰ˹ס
Ϣһ̫ʹ飬ˣæȥ乬
ʹô԰ѱŮȥףһҪסѽҿຮ֮أýεεӦˣ
˵ǣѾڣ֮Ӧսģùסʲô취أ
˵ɵ˰ùףѵҪð˹Ҳûأ
Ϊѵ˵ĸֲǲ֪ô๫У谮ľôȥ֮أ
˵ȥ㸸˵˴£ڴѾˣף˵ˡҲȰȰԼԸأ
Ҫȥֵط˭ԼԸأҡҡͷĸĪǺͿˣ
һЦĸѾˡƣְĺ˽ͨɡһְֱģ²᲻Ը⡣һ٣ڴҲǴȥˡ
ʹ
ɫķϰźЩ㣬ɫ֥ţЩƵ׸񣬻һЩҪζŨģǻҪٱ
˿߳Ա̫ƽһҪԶǷ֮ءҲҪԪҸ
ǡ
̫ƽԪ£ŶңĨ࣬أڽ˾ǡ
ҵԭȵҩ̣ҩ£̫ƽȻǴϲ⡣
ԭ̫ƽļѾǸ֮󣬾Ͷҩæˡ
˵ǰæʵһ߰æһڴ̫ƽ䣬Ǿһ̫ƽӦҩ̡
ȻĴѰԪ
ȺԪ̫ƽԺٺˡ
С㣬ʰˡٿ˵ūˡҪҪĺɺī㣬ҲСġ
ʱˣΪҲ֪ʲôʱ뿪ʱٷֱҪٴˣԸǱƽ̫ƽ˵
ٴ󾪣ʲôС㣬㻹Ҫ뿪ΪʲôΪʲôһֱסȥأҩܺء㹻ûС㡣
֪һֱǡ̫ƽԪ˵˵ˣѾҵӵĵطֻЩδˡ
˵ǲ±ۣˣ˵ҪһӸģôԶ뿪ߡҺҲ߰ɡ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵ϲɣϲȻϲֵطġ
ˡ
ҪˡѵۡܲһأԪˬЦأ
ãˣһݣյĿദȥ룡
ӵ°õľ
̫ƽ죬˵գҪӶءѾŵƽʣæͣĺɺī㶼ȥæˡ
ʲô˶Ϸ˺úͿ̫ƽ̾һңָ˶ɳ֮޺󣬱ȻᷴԸϷ˿ʲôԣ
Ϸ˵ֶΣӦȥŶԣô
˵Ҫ޵Զ
̫ƽһˡ
Ϸ˲ǱƼˣô֪һȥأ


398 

̫ƽ̳ˣϵȻŭˣһټ𶨹±̫ƽ
ֻҪڣТ˳̫ƽһ
ǣȻûϳȥϷˣԹȴһʱõġ
ƽʱ϶ԭˣ϶ʩѹ
ϷҪŶѹ
߲ˣҲˡ
ˣΪ˱ԼͿϷ˾Ŀģʾ
ǣϷжడпȴ˵
뵽̫ƽˡ
˵ң٣˵˵Լɡǲǡ̫ƽһʣپˡ
Ѿమˣ̫ƽǳˡ
˵ʵҲֻ֪й㡭
٣ǹȥͦġ̫ƽشú̹Ȼ
ǣ⼸빲໥֧šһΣһҲչġɴˣжˡ˵ڴǮȴ湻ӣȥҳȥһҸ
̫ƽ˵޼۱ѵɡ˾ͺúϧɡ
˵С㣬м£ū澲֪˵
֮仹ôʲô
С㣬㲻Ҫū˵˰Ԫ̫డ٣Ĳ⣿˵ͺˡ
̫ƽЦ٣ʲô˵Ǹܡ㡣
Ԫߣ˶΢΢Щˡ
ˣ֪ΪΣôңҶ˺ܶˣǻѡյѾΪܹ׼ˣˡ
ԪļЦظԼѹúܺá
˵ˡɱǸʵۡ
ԪҡҡͷôðաҪ뿪һ£ұ̫ƽ
Ȼ۾һ˿飬һᱣܹ
ա
ԪһȥӺˣûе̫ƽѹ
Ϊ˲˷֣ԪװͷͰ˽ȥġ
ϰһŸ㣬и״ңǧ⣬̶֥ͺ춹
һԴװɽˮ廨һʢ
Ӻ﷢
ԪӺˣǹǹҲҪߡûкúû㣬Һһ𣿡
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ӺסԪȻţΪλҪӦߵԽԶԽã뿪˵ĵط
Ԫ˵Ϊ̫ƽ
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ӺͷԣŮӡ
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ȸûбţһȥġԪȻ˵
Ӻ˵Ҳã뵽ģʿ϶Ҳ뵽
ҲѾȸˡԪ˵Ҳ̫ƽȥԴˡ
ȸĸף̫ƽ֮
˷ԪҪߡ
ӺץסԪ˵ΪһҪߣ
Ԫ˵壬֪ģҵʹ
ʹǸ𣿡
ȥǣҵʹֻʣ±̫ƽԪ˵꣬Цˡ
ա̫ƽҲĲƽġ
ˣԶӭȢ븮С
ϷҲ粻ټױȻûʮױҲ缫Ϊسˡ
ԶҲġǸȳӣѾ壬ԸƸӭȢ
̫ƽµǣĸ¶Ӵ˿ʼԸˡ
ʱʹǽϹһӣ͸ձζ΢Ĵζ˿ˮֱ
廨ϺȻ£ϺȻһѱ˴ϡ
˶ѹ˹ƹζ
·ӵضǡ
Ҫƴ
ǡϱ·˵Ů޵ĻҲޣ޵ӣޣ
ѹ㴭ЦҪ˵ôϣǲҪǰ̫ӵºһ㣿Ķӣ
ϴŭôˣﾹȻ


399 

ţΪ˰ѻϣȻͷϵӴ˻ϡ
ϵֱѪˣæվγ˱̫ˣȻ޶Ҵ̡
۾ɱɱɣʵôͷ۾֮ﵱܻڣҲϵʴȡ
֪޶áΪʲôͲأ֪һֱϲ㣬֪ǰ̫ΪʲôᱻɱģΪϲ޾ɱ
⻰ˡ벻ҾȻˣһŻʲô˼أΪ̫ƽ϶ھײˡ
÷ȥ
ˬ
ҩ̿ˣ̫ƽǳɫĵŻ֯ѣ´ɫȹվſڣĿˣĲɡ
ԪѾ˵ˣܣð˹ףԴ˽
̫ƽȻ뵽ȸһ׺󣬱Ҿȸ
뵽ȸҲܡ
»ϴʱѾʥּگȸˡ
̫ƽβأ
Ȼ޼Ⱥ볯ΧȥǱƺŹ
̫ƽͯĲҽĪС۸߹ȥ
ȺΧУһδŹһ꣬꼼ãӲҪǮ
ԼĪ꣬ȻһģٻǶģͦεıӣ̫ƽʶ
Ƥڵء̫ƽȥˣסǴ˵ǷǮҸˣ㵱Źһӣ㻹ҪҪ
ߣǮǴһ̫ƽޣǮˣͣˡ
̫ƽӣ˰ɣ
Ǵ󺺲ֵ뿪ˡ
Ԫʱ˹
̫ƽæǺӡССͣȻҪգ
Ǻӿ˵ҵزûǮβСкãʩӺ𣿡
̫ƽ̾˿˵ðʩٶӣ㲻ܱԼҲûõġ쿪ʼҩ﹤ɡÿɻǮôСҲǸػġҪǿѧҽ
İСк˼ˣ̯֡ܲȸҰ
Ԫ˵Ҫӵأ
̫ƽڰ֣ҪôǸӡ
Ԫ˵ӣкӵаҿղǴ󺺺ͬɣҪȻһôб¶գ
̫ƽ˵磬˵˵Ҫˡ
Ԫֻñ졣
ǺǮˡ
Ԫ˵ҹȥ
磬ȥʲôôô˼ҡ̫ƽҡҡͷȥ
Ԫֻա
ڶ죬Ǻˡ
̫ƽܸˣֻǾãΪβϴôǺһģ
Ǻȴǳϴֻһ˵ǲǿԿʼɻǮˡ
̫ƽ˵ԣҲҪ̺ҽ
ǡӺȤ̫ƽҲǿֻǾССѧʲôûʲôĵġ
ҩ̱Ƚæ̫ƽȥæȥˡ
˭֪һתкӾͲӰһͬʧġǵһǮϻӡ
˵ˣϻװ˺ܶӣղк˵԰ҿšҼСʹĻˡû뵽
Ԫ˵ȥ׷
ȵȣҸһȥҲǸƭӡ̫ƽ˵
Ԫ̾˿ã߰ɡ
ǺӹȻûӳȥԶ
ֻӿڣǺӺһվһ̫ƽϸһǮ
ģٲ˵ǮϻǮ
Ǹ󺺣֮ǰŹкӵˣ
Ԫ˵̫ƽ˰ɣǸһģͬģ㣬Ŀģ͵ӣΪλҩƱŹԲˣΪͶ㣡
ܵġôС̫ƽš
Ԫ˵ЩӣǴСģ޿ɾҩģȻһȥ
Ǵ󺺸ϽˣкӣǱԪ׷ϡ
˵ΪҪƭǣԪǳ
кӼӲ
Ԫ˵װضԲԣҸ㣬յ۾ѩģССͲѧãƭˣ
ˣ磬ҾúͦԵģȥ˵ɣźӣ̫ƽѺԼ˵һ˰ɣзòã
ǺӲŵؿ̫ƽ˵Ĳ
̫ƽЦ֪Ҳǲѵġ϶Ǹ󺺱ĶԲԣ
Ǻӵͷҿ̫ƽ˵ҴûгԹз
̫ƽ̾˿˵ҵİһҲ㣬Ĳ㡣
Ԫˣ̫ƽҪⲻ𣿡


400 Ͼ

ģҾú죬֮ǰˣҲܸĵġ̫ƽиС
죿⺢϶࣬ͷģôأĪãİ𣿡Ԫҡҡͷ̫ƽ̫ˣȴƱۡ
ġ磬ңжаһܰһˡ̫ƽѾ¶˾ġҲ㲻֪İջи˫̥ܵأ֪
ʲôİջеܵܣԪ治֪
̫ƽͷ֪ģ˫ֻ̥ǣһӱѾϾˡһֱûš
Ԫ˵ˣôص飬̫ƽô֪˵θ̫ƽԪǲŵġ
ǣ˵̫ƽתԪ־̫аˡ
ϾָϡְĻʫûᵽ˫̥¡
ʱ̫ƽҲڳȻ̫ƽô֪أ
Ԫ˼УѾ̫ƽźӻȥˡ
̫ƽԸϴϴ裬ϴɾĺӣ̫ƽ˼ֱһȻøİһģһ
̫ƽˣ촽ʣʲô֣
֮ǰ̫ƽɹҲİյ˫̥ܵܣ̫ƽȴȷˣǵĻô᳤һģһأ
̫ƽǰһôãû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ
û֡ǺƺǺܽ
̫ƽ˵ңǲи㣬ֽϾꣿ
ǺӴһôʶģ
ԭǡ
̫ƽ棬סǺӵ֣˵
Ԫ˳ʶȤعţһ裬غš
з紵״ɳƿŵľջɫĻ국Ʈ㡣
Ǻغ̫ƽļ
ԭϾ󣬴⺢γָ
ָԺֱͨĺӵġϾӾˣȥ֮ϾͺӶ
ӸճĥѣϾӴգĴ֣̺ȡ
ȺӽЩϾʹȥɽϾҰӳԡ
Ϊӱʫ׷ɱϾһֱɽ
ںʱһɽҪϾ꣬Ͼɽƴˡ
ӴӴ˾ͱɽ
ɽں͹ٱƴжˣӻ˳·ؤ󺺡
ǴвźӸϻƭǮ
Բ̫ƽ
벻ӵľҡ
̫ƽź£ϾˣϾ𣿡
ӵؿ̫ƽ˵ǵģˡС͸ңҵĸ׵˵ĸ׵ĽãҪҽ衣ǣôʶģ㾿˭
̫ƽʵúӣҲãҲ㣬ˣʹһӣҲӦô˼˵ĻãϾꡣԲһжҵĴԭҺòã
⻰һԪ󾪡
̫ƽҲ̫ˡ©졣
Ǻ˵ʲô𣿡
̫ƽͷúӣҲ㲻ţ͵ɡ
ǺˣΪʲôҪĴˣĴ۸ʳӣ㲻û
̫ƽ˵Բ𣬺ӡҲô޴ְĺʫ˲磬̥£ƭȥӱߣҪȡҵʱҵĶӻ磬ƲѣֻԼȡʸ硣Ͼҳϣ뿪ˡ硣ְǴߡ
ԭྐྵȻѹ̫ƽ˹ȸӵİΣѹ̫ƽְĺʫ֮ǣѹ̫ƽİͬԭ̫ƽͲ̫ƽ̫ƽת
ԪģȻ֡ȴҲǳ̹Ȼ
ʵ˫Ŀ棬Ͳ̫ƽĲͬѰ
Ȼϡ棬ǡԼİϣԪҲԸܡ
ֻǣǸȴܲˣ㲻ǸƭӣѾˣ͸ˣϡֻһˣǾҵĸ磬ˣҵʱˣ
仰̫ƽѹ
ŷԪҲڷ
˲ᡣ˵磬㶼֪ˣ²ң
Ԫǰַ̫ƽļϣº͵ЦҲ˭ֻ֪Ұ˾㡣
硣̫ƽ˵ԪĻ
Ԫ̫ƽЦҪޣûµġ
ɽ·Ţʪ廨Ь̫ƽۡ
źӵ֣һһߴȥԪں档
ԭϾĵطĺӡ


401 Σ

Ͼɵģԭѡ˺ӣҸ˼ˣعص
ǣϾûС
ϾѡԸ
ʱʱ򣬰ѺӽиϾ꣬˵Ͼ꣬һҪҵĺӣ
ֻǲ롣ϾӦˣҲȥŵԣ
ڿһĹ
ϾĹ
ĹľģּҲʲݡӦԼдġ
ȻĹܼ򵥣ĹߵĻȴú룬ɼӾ
̫ƽȥĹϵ֣£ϾꡣõĽãлл˺ӡⱲҶ㡣
Ԫַ̫ƽļϣοܸ̫ƽ룬Ͼ飬ȻϣͺǶҸ
̫ƽͷһźӵ˵Ͼ㣬ĸⱲһвĶ飬֪𣿡
ص˵ͷ
Ϊ˼Ͼ꣬ӴԺͽӾ̫ƽ˵
Ҫ𣿡Ӿ˷ܵ˵
ǵġ
ҿȥҵĸİ𣿡Ӿ˵Ͼ갢˵ҵˡ
Ҳˡڹúܺã㲻صԼӹãúóһ죬һġ̫ƽӾͷ
·ϡɽ̫ƽ˵磬벻ιȻջԺԴҲ㰲ˡ
ԪЦʲôʱߣ
̫ƽȴûдˡ
ǰʲôʱأ
ټ̫ƽ˸ӹͳȥӵ·ҩʱ̫ƽܡ
ֻǣ̺Ȼ˸ˡĳ
̫ƽϸһţⲻܱ
ܱôͨôھǴҡڵأ
Ȼܱ̫ƽȻ̫ƽĿԣ
̫ƽܱԾĲ֪룬ϼβˡ
̫ƽæ˹ȥ
ܱ˴ϣŷү˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôͷӶˡ
̫ƽȥԪ˵ԭŷܱѹܱͨôˡҲˡ
ܱͨǻϵ⡣ǵʱҲΪ᲻õġԪ˵ܱ;ĩ·ԲΪǡ
ձܱƶˣŷҳıߣŷҾͻ绢һҪȥܱ򲻿ɷŻɽ̫ƽɱ
Ԫ˵ãҽҹ
ٻˣС㡣쿴ҸӾʲô
ٴһɫ˿񣬸ֿʽС
̫ƽܸˣӾһǳϲġ
Ӿ˳ȷϲ̫ƽһһóӾϱȻš
Ԫ˵̫ƽȻܱѾ˴˾ˣǵøϽ뿪ˡ
̫ƽֶסˣҪߣ
æ˵С㣬ǲŸҪô𣿡
Ԫͷ
˵ǲ磬ȥϼȱһܰɡ
̫ƽ˵ҪҲˡ
С㡣˵ˣū澰ҩˣСһߡ˵
ԪЦǣС㻹Ըء
̫ƽ͵ģ١ʵֻǾãʺϸɽĵط
ǡС㣬Ĵͨ㣬ȥأٵļˡңڻһƿ
ɲƿ̫ƽ˱Ӿ˵
ʱˡ
ٰݸ̫ƽ˵С㣬ȵûкǸܵġ
̫ƽҡҡͷԹŶ𣬺αأ
뿪̫ƽһ磬ȥɡ
ԪһΪΣ
ſǵͨʾߵġصνǣΣյĵطȫĵط̫ƽ˵
Ԫ˵Ŀŵؽȥ϶С
ҵġ̫ƽЦˡ
ʱܱŷүصŷϡ
ܱ˵үСĿһ̫ƽ
ȻˣϴȥǼҩӡŷү˵
ܱ˵Ѿˡ̫ƽƻʱˡóȻȥͲ𣿡
ŷү֮ǰͶΪçײ˾ٱʹŷ
Σŷүˣ˵ô죿ץ̫ƽһǳˡ
ܱĿϬ¡̫ƽȻ˳ţȻڳУ׽𣿡
ŷүЦҰѲ顣
ϣƳϣѾڵơ
Ԫ̫ƽӾܣȻܷ䴰ǰͣ¡
ܴѩɫѩףûκεΣһɫխ£´ɫȹӣһܹԷ


402 ҽ

ôˣô˯ʲôأ̫ƽͣҪȻվֽд֡
¹⣬̫ƽú־ȻǡСӡ
ǧ꣬ȥϣû¡ܵļˡСӵĹģԱ
ԪǳΣ̫ƽ޹صģ֪ġ
ҵȻ㡣̫ƽҡҡͷǣֻ̫󣬺ܶŮӶˣȻҲáʵҲҡȥҲ֪ܵ⣬ԣӽ㡣ڡ͸ҵҲ͸˭֪Ȼһֱˡ
Ԫע⵽ܷϵȷиӡ
ҶˡԪ˵ʱǶ˻ûҪҲûϡ
ʱܵĸ˽
ܣдʲôأô档ӹҲֵ֪ܵͷ̾Ů㳤ˣʱüˡ
ĸףŮСءܲôԸ⣬˵ˣǸȳӡ
ĸеˣ᲻õġЦҼҾʵҢ˺û书ãһ𣬶ȻԿġ
˵ĸףŮ
ȻСʱöˣĪˣȻΪξǲϺҢأϼˡ
ˡû
Ӿˡ˵˭õϽŵ˵ƽչ٣֪ˡ
̾˿˵Ǹ˾ǡǧꡣ
ʲôôϲһ̫أϼΪ𾪣ٺʲôã̫࣬ôһأ
ܿ˵̫ʲôõģŮϲ
æסͣ£㻹ҪҪˣ̫ƽѧģ̫ƽžǧ˽ˣҲžǧ꣡㻹˵̫ƽûйأǸйϵ֮ǰͦģû뵽ȻҵŮˡҺˣҪȻҲָˡ
ⷬԻһֲ©ϵ̫ƽСӶ
̫ƽ̾˿벻Ѿ˳ɼ
ԪסȭͷƾʲôҪ̫̫ࣿͲˣЩ̫ҲƲѵģʵÿ̫඼һ£ΪʲôҪЦǣ
̫ƽסԪ˵磬ҪˣֵӰԼ顣Уǲȥˡסˡ
Ԫһסס
̫ƽЦȥҽݰɣļҽҪת֣ԼӪˣ
ҽݣ
Щܶҽݶ̵աҪԭͲ̫࣬ɴ඼ˡ
Ϊ˱ԼʴȣЩҽѷŲҩЩҽݶҪԿΪģѷŲҩأ
ԽģյľͶˣǻϲǵΪϿҽֲҪҽݡ
̫ƽȥһҪת۵ҽݡ϶Ƿǳ׵ģܶҽڻţѾڼУԸ򣬳۸²Ǻܸߵļ۸ǶԸתġ
Ǿã뿪˶
ȻһУ֪ܲ
Ȼ̫ƽ˳ҵ˺ʵҽݣԪͳ
򵥵׼֮ҽݾͿʼӪҵˡ
̫ƽҩΪ˽Լɱ̫ƽɽɲҩܱ֤ҩء
Ԫеĺں̫ƽİΣ
̫ƽոɺײ̯ƽڵϡ
ɺײݶǾҶĲҩûʲô̫ҪϤҩˣͲ֪⻹ҩ
ɺײݵĹЧǱȽȫġ̫ƽȽϲɺײݺͺϡ
ɺײݼӺ棬ˣǲһ䷽
죬̫ƽָ˰ɫ࣬Ҳרע
ʲôʱȵĶһЩ̫ƽһ߰һʵ
ϣȵҶ˭ţܵĺܣüͷһʹӡ
ͷ³ҿ¡̫ƽɿԱʳһ۲˵ͷ
ֻⷢ죬̦Щ塣
ˡ̫ƽѾԼϡ
ʼдӡ
̫ƽʾдʯΪ˵ʺЩף˽ǰ
λҽȻһôĿܲأ
̫ƽˣľȻְģ
ְôƽ·У
̫ƽæɴס˵λˣкδͽ̣
ô֪ǹˣְĽ̫ƽ۾ƺϳˣ
̫ƽ˵һȲ²ġˣǿĵطûв
˭˵ûвˣְָָԼģĲԿú𣿡


403 һ

̫ƽֻ˵ôҸ
ְĵˣ
̫ƽָȥüë΢塣
ôˣְĵһЦƵĿû뿪̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵λˣ鸡㣬Ҫ
Ŷ㣿ְһЦô
ھ͸㿪һҩ̫ƽ˵
Ŷ԰ҵòãְ˵ſʼӽˡ
á̫ƽˣ˼λˡ˵Щʲôֲǹҡ
ְ˵ðɡҿԽ貽ȥ𣿡
ԡ̫ƽ˵㲻ģ뿪ҪȥŶӿˡ
Ѿ׷ڽˣ㿴߰ɡǸʲô
ְֻ˵ҵٹҩ
á̫ƽֽд˼֣ҩѾдˣȥͿˡҩšûʱӴ˼
ְҩ̾˿˵治˵һ仰ڵģ𣿡
仰ƺڰʾʲô̫ƽ˵ãҽлȣûжʱ䣬ֻ˵һ仰Ҳֻһ仰
ǣְƨƨߵظ˽ȥ
ڣ߻谵Գ̫ƽɴ۾
ְ˵̫ƽ㾿ҪãΪʲôĿʾңֲǱˣˣ̳һءѵΪ㸶ô࣬𣿡
ְġԶܳΪѡ̫ƽ˵
Ϊʲô̫ƽϴ˽Է㣬Ϊ϶Ҹ⿪ҲҪˣðôķշ㣬ѵͲܸлһ𣿡ְĺȻס̫ƽ֣ѵҶ⣬᲻𣿡
ԲϴˡҲ̫ƽ̫ƽ˿
ԪȻӽһƴ˹ȥְĴˡ
ְһ㡭
ԭղԪһֱӰû
ְģҸ㣬ǿǵķϣɱˣûиı֮ǰϽ뿪ҪȻҲԪ˵
ְ˵Ԫغܹߣ粽룬ҲҸ˵ĪǶʼˣǲţ
Ԫ˵ҶԼĵĺܣҶܹҲĵĺܣֻǲϲɧİˣ
ְ˵ҽβΣյģ֪֪ͨǣŷҵ׷ǡԪץסˣ˱ɻ̫ˡֻǻݶѣܹǱץסˣûô׻ȥˡôܹͷ¶أ
˵ĵǺеҲҪġΪһˡ̫ƽ˵߰ɡҵİΣҪܡ
ְ̾˿ܹΪҪǧ֮أֻˡ
̫ƽ鲻ƽ
ϣˡ
Ԫ̫ƽ˵²̫ˣС
̫ƽ۽Ǹ˵磬á
Ӧõġ˭ҰأԪºһЦ
̫ƽŴ⣬ǳ૵ϧһӣȴûҵôõˡʵṴֻ̊ѡ̰һṵ̊һ㰮
֪Һ޲ʱͽ㡣Ԫ§ס̫ƽ
̫ƽһ̣
ˡҪҪطһְȥܣùٸץأ̫ƽ˵
ԪҡҡͷְĲⳡϷġ
ְĵͷ
ա
пԵĲֹˡ
Ѿ˴룬ҹҲ˯ıȽ̤ʵˡԻûȫãʱʱҪһ¡
̫ƽ΢Цĵͷҿ
רĵİһӡ̫ƽֲ˵ֳִҲЩ飬Ǿÿ˷Ρı
ûʲô⡣̫ƽοٸ㿪ҩܺˣ
Ρ̫ƽõǲķӣ˲֬ɣ驡гء
Ŀˣܶ˶Ĳ˽ܹġ
࿴һ죬ϡ̫ƽѪ˸Ԫԡ
Ԫãıãɡ
ԪѶгС飬ȻŽ͹塣
ⶹԭûʲôζģǼζҲǺܵǼ֮涼ˣŲ͵ĶɢŨĶ㡣
Ԫ⻹׼һͣԵʱպһ£ζá
Ԫ˲
㰡ܳԵĲˣҿпڸ̫ƽЦ绨
һӵķˣ𣿡Ԫӱ§ס̫ƽ
̫ƽһЦ㲻𣿲ãԼķ˺ûã˶𣿡


404 õĻ

ȻˣģֲʹѾߵġԪһӲ̫ƽķϣҴӽϿһֻÿӣʡ
л㡣̫ƽһЦ
ǻлʲôأϷˡԪƤһЦ
ǵģ˭Ϸأ̫ƽ죬ȴ˺ơ
ʱָϣְĻ겻ᡣ
ҵ̫ƽˡȴܹӽ
װϽҲΪҵ̫ƽܱȹٱһҵӶ̫ƽߡ
Ӣ۾̫ƽһжϲˡ
ǣû뵽;ȴɱԪ
̫࣬˶㲻ϣƾʲôұȣƾʲô̫ƽְľʹ顣
ʫżط˽
ԴְĺʫʫȥݻˡڼּңϣְĵĻת⣬һ仰Լøˡ
ǣְУǲġ
˿ڣԸȥ룬ʫƫƫÿ춼Ҫ
ͺڣʫϲɫȹٴνҿְĵ˰̡
ְ̧־ʹʫļ
ˣ㲻ҪңҲ뿴㡣ְ˵꣬Ҫߡ
ôҪȥ㲻ȥ̫ƽ˰ɣΪ̫ƽ˻ϣѵһ̫ƽҪ𣿡ʫˡ
ǵģڵľȢ㡣ְ˵ˡ
ʫ۾ˣкѾݺ
ݺ˹
͸źүܲҵ̫ƽҵˣһҪңסǧҪ֪ʫԸ
ǵġС㡣ݺˡ
ְĺ˾ƣ˲֪ڸ
̫ƽڵǼҩ꣬Ǵĵȴˡ
׵ȵƵͿһߴӰӸס̫ƽСӰӰصˡ
ڸʲôְĲ붼֪
ʼְķȥԪ֮󣬰̫ƽˣǸоӦúܺá
û֪ڻԪĶ֡
֮ǰڰһƣְˣԪ书жôǿ
ںӰݺҲǸҩݣ̫ƽӰڴӳ˳
ݺæȥʫ
ʫ˱յʵ÷񣬡̫ƽȻ̫ƽֻ̫ƽܹ߷Ļǣ
ݺ˵̫ƽֻͨҪȥ١
졣Ҳ̡ʫðѲ豭˵ϡ
ʱƹڣɶ˻Ԫס̫ƽ⿪ѡ
ӵһ
ӰӰţһʱˡ
̫ƽ۾סԪĲӡ
ƹ⸡ǵӰڴӳ˳ְĿˡ
ԪҲˡ
ԪֻȫһȣͰ̫ƽ˴ϡ
̫ƽ˵Ҫ
ҵĻ棬ȴҪϨ̫ˡԪ޷޲ƽɻվסˡ
Ȼ
̫ƽҪСèһͷںУһžҧһڡ
Ԫĺˣ̫ƽ̫ƽ
첽߹ȥס̫ƽ
̫ƽ
̿ڴϡ
ʱֱǺ򶼱紵ˣڰ˱˴˵
۾ڰֻŵ㡣
һ
£зɳɽҲ˲ϴɡ
ˡ
Ƕ
ȴۡ
û£ԪѴƴպá
ֱ
ˣ۾˯ˣߡ
ĳֱϣͬһҡ
Ŀ뿪ֱڵµ·ϱӡ
Ԫȥˡ
̫ƽֱǷ˯ɡ
ľáʱҪԪˡ
Ȼ˱˸á
˵ˣȥˡҲܾл
ȻˣǾΪ֤װɡ
ȻĴ㡣Ԫʱ̫ƽͽߵ˵ˡ
̫ƽҪ޸𣿡Ԫ˲Լˡ
Ȼģ˭¿Ц̫ƽ쵽Ӹˡ
̫ˣȻˣҪȥõĸ㡣ȻοܸܲʢĻ񣬵֤ܵˣɵ·ʯҪģҪлӣܵ񣡡Ԫ²˵
ˣҲǮ⣬ֻȥ֤˻߳ȥʯױ˷ֵģڿ̫ͨƽ˵
ҵȻҪһõĻڻУʡҲԲʡԪ˵ղײգ㲻Ҫ˿ˣǹųȥɡ
̫ƽ˵ҲãҲҪҩʾ˵Ϣһ졣


405 

ǵĴûйȥǰⷱ٣Ҳֵģǰ죬ҡǶصķ羰
ԪŶң̫ƽŮװӾ˼׼
ÿԪ˵һ̵ĵˮ̫ƽϡ
׵˸ȥġ
ǣ̫ƽӹ󡣡ǲҪ˰ɣ
ϲǮԪЦŵӡ
̫ƽҡҡͷϲҪɽɽˣ
ԼķҪɽɽҲ취Ԫ˵ο֮աûİôأ
ֹһ֣˺ܶණԪ󷽡ҲĲˡ
̫ƽ˵磬¿ôã㿴һ־Ͱӻˡ
û£ҩÿն룬ʲôԪһЦ
Ȼǰһӹٱ
̫ƽԪæȥ
Ԫ͵͵һƳ˵ǰ˹Ľӡ
˹̫ƽһˣҵͷ
˹Ҫȥĵطǳ⡣
˵ʹѾˡ
ңԼŮ˹ȥӭӡ
˹ڽǿȥġ
ϴ͵ĺ̡
ΪҪţȺӿ
Ԫ̫ƽûȥˣ޲
ջصҩݣϴͿʿͰ˹һǡ
Ĵ֣նеߣ׹
Ҳǳġ
ҵʿͳ͢ʿʾͲһҵʿǳġͦأǳ͢ʿȴûţһͷɥġ
Ԫţţɵö̾Ϣ뵱ôǿ񡭡һҶԸˣ
硣ˣȱɡ̫ƽЦ
͢
ū͹ĵӺݻ󣬿֦ͷ
һͣһ߸˵غȾƣūӿ湻˼ģǱιнʲôƷ𣿡
̫˵ûаϣǳǸס̫Ǹǻסʹôõĵط
սȭͷд
ǣҲû취ûӦս֮ˡֻͣӭսһȥ򣬱Ȼ񣬱仨ˮ
Ȼ򲻹ֻˡ
ʱ̫ˣʡѾ˵óޡǲ֪˭
ģϴϲ
˵λǻƫĻǸȻǷĪˡ
֮ǰΪְģִԲ򣬱Ϲ귴˼
ΣȥЭȳ̫ƽûϴΪŭǣˣҲûĴ
ջз㼸ա
ǣĵģɾǣԽԽˣûг޵Ը
˵ѾӦޣȻֻ˻ϡ
ⲻ֪µװ
Ѿ֮֮飬ðһֱޡѵⱲӶҪڻʹ񸸻Ѿǳʧ㻹ȥأĪǣ㻹Ҫְľ𣿡
˵ҲְġᰮκһˣҲһӶסڻʹ
˵ǾְԽԶԽðô˵ɣáα˹ףõĻѽ
֣ҪҼңЦΪѽ
˵ȥȥһ仰£ֻΪѽ
ҡҡͷáǸ߸ʣҪס
ˣϸ˵˵ʺܸˣͨˡϲһλʾ׵벻ʵˣʾʹҹһλһΪֹ
˵ʣŮͱҺס
ϴ󾪣Ȼа˹ȥʲô֣
ʣòϲȥŮȴȥŮ뿪Ƿ֮ȥҲã͵ɢɢģҲĴ¡ŮЩһֱͿ£˸ʺͳӵϣҲҪһй͵£ϣ׼ŮŮһĻᡣǳϿҵ˵
󣺡ԭ㣡Ȱ˵ȥ׵ģ
ʣⲻضѽԼҪȥѽֻһ顣ǽųϣǶԱȵ˵ѽԩ
ǰʣ治ػֵ¡ŮĻᡣ
Ǻ֣֣ϴŭ
ʣͲˣͬǺףΪΰȥĵãþȥã
Ϸȥ
Ŀ֣ͣ뿪ɣһȥȰ˵ʴӦġ
˵á
֣ȱ˵̫ˣҲһҪӦЦ


406 

Ŷʲô£֪ûôá
ܼ򵥣أ²ϣֿ԰뿪ʹɫ
ʲôﰡҪΥʣһãͿ̫ˣʱҪˡ
ֲӦͲҪҲӦðȥ׺ˡ˵
㡭ŭȻ˸в
ǣΪ˰˹Ӧˡ
һֻèűߣ۾èϣƺèּһۡ
è
Ͼں󹬣ֻèһпվͻèιԵġ
ʱ֪Ҫϣ
·һʵ۵Ů˵ޱġ
ԭģġ
ҪɵĿҪѰҰŮ̫ƽ
ԣӦˡ·˾
İ£İ£˳ˡ
̫ƽߣȴ
մȣ¯ĻյԪõıһŽΪ˲ճԪÿһ顣
׼һʢʳˡСӾҪԣԪסˣһԡ
Ӿǳվŵȡ
̫ƽˣ磬Ҿýܲƽ֪ôˡ
ΣԷҪʳΪ졣ͷȴѽԪЦ
ӾʼӳԵôģ̫ƽҲ˼ڡ
Ĳɿ𣿡ԪЦ
Ȼǡֻǣļ²ҳԱˣȥĵҩˡ̫ƽꡣ
̫ƽһɫͷͷεĹ̶ϣһŨĲҩζ˫ҲΪҩЩơ
ȻгɶΣϴɾõƤε¶İɫ֡õѰɫֹ
װ׵ġɴ״Ķ̫ƽҪģⶫֽ㣬һζҩĲϡ
ԪСӾѾԺ÷ڵƹ£ԪСӾء
һůڵӡ
ţţȻҹһ󼱴ٵ
̫ƽһƺԤеʲô
ԪȴСӾ˹̫ƽҪ£ǸϽӺųȥ
磬֪˭̫ƽһ
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磬չıȫ̫ƽҪߡ
СӾ˵ְģϤ֣ܸ˭𣿡
̫ƽһ
ҵСӾؿǰ
߰ɣûʱˡԪߴٵ
СӾ˵̣ҿԿҵʲô𣿡
̫ƽ˵ӾѵǲΪʲôһҪȥ
ΪҵһʣΪʲôҪҡСӾԵúִܹ
磬ôأ̫ƽˡΨһ޷ܾģǺӡǰĹⰡ
ǷСӾʵ̫ࡣ
УǱߡԪȴɷ˵رСӾߡ
ǣΪһ飬ٱѾŶˡ
ץסǣٱǴС
̫ƽæ˵磬ܲ㲻ҪңٴӾ뿪һӶлġ
Ԫ˵ڲҪ˵ЩǸϽߡ
ǣߵӾ
Ҳˣ߲ˡӾɥ˵ǲҪˡ߰ɡ
鷳ԪҡҡͷӺɷӦͦס
ͦסûáСӾˡ
ӾҪޡԶġ̫ƽӾʵҲעġǷġ㱻ۣҲ뿪㡣
̫ƽûǾӵõġԪˣҹա
ŲԽԽ
̫ƽ˵磬ӦҵģôҵģԲԣ
ԪˣһΣҲġ
磬ҶԲӾǰӾȴûкúþĸ׵Ρ̫ƽ˵ҪץҲңϣԺúðչӾȥǱȻһ·ǻϣҲỳɣҵġһ˵ҵ·Ҿֵõġ
˵Ķԣһ˵ҵ·ֵõģǣӦҡԪ۾һƼᶨ̫ƽȻôӾӾӦչõġȥ֪ҵݣҲȻΪҡ
Ҳȥðգ̫ƽˡ
ǣԪĶͷһ㣬ȻСӾ˳ȥ


407 ɢ

̫ƽֻɨһ磬ǷôңӾ˾ɵ˺Զĵط
Ķֻʣ·ղŵɱٱĽŲԪ˵ҲȻǽʧԿУûйһ
̫ƽͺûйһУǻ롣һʵʵϷ
ˣˣǣԪȴʧˡ
ٴ̫ƽԼƽһƬݵϡ
Ӿߣһɴڸ˿ڣˣ͸˵˵̣֪֪һһҹˡҲǵģôԴ˵ϾͻԹȥˣҺڱ㡣ҪȻҪҰ޳Եˣ
ҰޣʲôҰޣĸʹȻ̫ƽȻһеվӾǰ㲻Ҫ£ӣϻʨˣҶ㡣
̣ãΪСһΪˡӾԵ˵
͵ĸװɡ̫ƽȻʵԪȥˣ
Ҳ֪ǴȻͻˣҾչˣ淢ʲôҲ֪
̫ƽ˵ϳȥǹٱô࣬Ԫ϶׶༪ٵġ
ԣҲɽȥõ㶫أҶӶˣ⼸ҶڳҰҰ˷ŵġȴûιȥ٣ҲǶ˰ɡСӾĵ˵
ҲĲ̫ƽѾ֪ʲôжˡֻϣԪ뿪
ԪǴɽϣɽ·ҲǱȽϿġ
̫ƽסӾһһǰߡ
Ӿ˵̡Լ߰ɡ
Уɽ·̫ˣһˤô죿
ˤ˾ˤ£Ӻɷʲôµġ
ǲСˤˣġ̫ƽִⲻϡ
ɽ¡
ľһƬûһˡ
磬ѽΪʲôҪôɵ̫ƽ
̣ҪˡôһµġСӾο˵ˣǰ·ǿԽǿһ¾֪ˡ
á̫ƽ˲۾ʰ顣
ʱԪһ£Ѿˡ
Ϊ˾̫ƽԪԸ־ܡ
ȻǾԿѵ˵ġ
뿪Ҳǿ뿪ûôΪ֪ԩչҪһˡ
뵽죬ƿ̫ƽСӾ֮ԶͶǹٱץˡ
Ϊнֻܰץ˺ûãԪͱ͵˾ǣһֱûмһҲԵĺúõģ˯Ҳб죬
Ҳ֪ϲ˺Ϊ̫ƽ˻ϵĵߣߡһҪģΪûѡ
οģӺ
㻹žͺáܹںδӺԪͷ˵
Ҳ֪̫ƽ֪ƽȥġңǹңȻᱻץҶһƬأܹʱҵ̫ƽҪˡԪ̾˿˵
ܹﰮ㣬Ϊץô᲻㣿Ӻ˵
ǣΪ̫ƽĸԸرԪᶨ˵
Ӻ۵˵ΪβΪԼһأλͶȻ벻ʹˣҲ֪ʻôԴ㡣
ҪôԴҶ£ֻҪ֪̫ƽƽġ
Ķ̫ƽ
ѵҲӦĶ̫ƽΪҸ˺ܶ࣬ҲȵģԻϣܹҲûźˡҰ̫ƽˡ
Ӻ̾˿˵Ҿɡ
ˡ
ʪĽϣ˷׷ױš
̫ƽӾװ硣ͣͣͣһԱߡ
̣ܳ𣿡СӾ촽ָָԼĶӡ
̫ƽ˵ͷΪ뿪̫ȣˣԲûԶٺ÷
̫ƽͷϻӡͰȡȥ˻˵ӣ߽ݡ
̫ƽӾ˺棬Լ档һˣ˿ʼ档
ʱʳ;Ϳʼ˵ˣǵġ˵ͨˡһŮģеıץסˡ
˵ľ֮ǰ̫СܹˣǼࡣһʳͺܸ˵˵š
̫ƽȻһԭԪıץˡ
СӾ̫ƽ䣬µ˵ûµģ̡
̫ƽʧǵˡ
ԶǷӣǶ˵ǰ·һƬãȻ
˫Ųʹͣ˶ſڣȻһ̨ͣǰ
ܹˡ


408 ľ

ˣ׿ԽۣһʱӺ̫ƽʧе
ܹӺڽӣ̫ƽ֡
̫ƽԥһ£˽ȥ
Ӻһ֪Ԫ̫ƽż˵
Ӻ̾˿˵ҹ㣬ӾúҪȥˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷ粻ӵġһƭҵġ
ûƭ㡣ɰ͸ģת㣬ϣµģϣҲҪӺ˵
ǣһжӺ֮ڣ̫ƽȻǲš
Ӻ̫ƽ£ֻ˵ҸסһӰɣ汼Ǳץס˿ɲáҲȥˣ˿̫ӡ˸ܵġ
̫ƽӦˣ˵ҪӾһ
̫ƽӾʱסӺ
ǰӺ̫ƽҲġ
ʱ̫ƽİ
Ӿŵͺ
̫ƽοӾҪЩǲҴ˵ġ
ǣȥҽͷյʱЩ嶼ңߡӾɪɪ˵
ǹȥһҲᷢЩˡ̫ƽӾı˵
ӾŵӴЩ
Ӻ̫ƽ׼Ϸס
һ˸ߵĹӰڣ㲼ƥϵȵĲϡ̫ƽµġ
̫ƽЩϣԿ϶Ӻϣ̫ƽסΪҪЩϱΪѣɲһĹ
̣㿴ءӾ˵
̫ƽͷȥĵƹȻһһС·
̫ƽ·ˡ
ӺȻġ֪װƾˡ
ΪˡӺļ򱣻ǷӺ̫ࡣ
Ȼ̫ƽӾϴ裬·
̫ƽҲԼϴ˻¡
׺һ·죬ɫȹӣһ˫ɫЬ̫ƽžԼʻɫǳˡ
Ȼסڱ˼̫ƽʲôͲԲȡ
ǣ̫ƽ׼һľ衣Ȼʮһ˽ȥˢӰѷƤ͸ϴɾٷŵһɡ
̫֮ƽ׼һɾĴľ裬ľϼ˿
Ӿһ߰æ
˿̫ƽģһľ룬װһƬƬϣкܶ׵ģϸԼһӡ
鷬ѹ˿ϣصĦܿ졣һ׵ķ˿һˡ
ûöã̫ƽһľķ˿
ⷬ˿ڸкܺãһŽˬڡ
ֻʵķ˿ܾô棬ˣ̫ƽЩ˿һϣȻ̫ɹ
ɹ׵ķ˿ɹغɫһ󡱵һ
ⷬ˿һ࣬ζǺܺõġ
Ȼ̫ƽѻƶһҹȻƶıƤ˵ˣ˵ƶѾˮˡ
ţ̫ƽƶʯĥתֿʼĥ֭
Ǽʱ飬̫ƽ˷ʱ䡣иСϪһˮֳˮʯĥϵİ֣ȻĥȽ̫ƽȴڳ顣
鷿
ӺһǳɫĿ£²һȦƣһɫ£һ飬ȴûڿ
ūǱ̫ƽ⼸Ķ˵ܹ﷢˿ˮֳʲôҪԼҪūǰر
Ӻͷȥܹ˹ȥǸ͹𻨸⣬̫ƽϲˡ
ǡū¡
Ӻ˵ӣЦ˿ˮֳʲôҪ
ںӱߣӺȻ̫ƽˮֳ̾Ϊֹ
̫ƽȻ֪֪ǹϣҲǣ߹ȥ
̫ƽӾϴ·һһСһ˫ϵ˺г
Ӻ̲סվſһֱӾͷ˵Ӻˡ
̫ƽҪӺæסܹض񡣡
֣֣æŲ
ıЩȻ
̫ƽ˵лӺǸ⣬סѾǳ˼ˣԺΪǷġ
ӺЦǿİ֮ˣãҲӦõġ
ǿ϶ûǸ⡣ӺʧҡҡͷܹͲ˼ˡǸѾˣǲԡ͹˱ĺˡ
̫ƽ߹ȥԣӾҲԣҳˡ
ӺЦ̫ƽȻáʱͣһҲá
̫ƽ̧ͷӺĿԵ˲䣬ĬȻǰһҴȥˡӺ


409 ̫

Ӻôˣ̫ƽ˼ӺŴӷ״̬߳
ܹͷĵסɣؿסþסáסİģҲͷġӺЦЦ紺㣬ůֱ͸ġ
ô˼أҼԪҾͻӾ뿪ġ̫ƽ˵
Ӻ̾˿ܹΪһҪأĲ㡣
̫ƽҡҡͷŶԲԣţһ
ǣܵȥˣ֮ĪӲġӺ˵ҲͿԻȥԿֻΪһ𡣡
̫ƽĿᶨҲϲڻʹġ
˭ϲٻȥزصأϲɱģԷġǣˡץҪΪԭͷȥѾһΡڣܴ̳Ͼȳ𣿡ӺȰ̫ƽһסһӣǣֻϣ㣬Ҫȥˡ
̫ƽ˵Կ˵ҲҪġɺҹӣҲڻʹġ
ܹǹȥԪڵԪѾó죬ɵˡӺĻ̫ƽˡ
Ҳš̫ƽ˵
Ӻ̾˿˵ʱһУܹʱȽϿ֡
ӺѵԷŵİ𣿡̫ƽЦ㲻ԣƾʲôȻͿԣ
Ӻʧɫ벻̫ƽʳĻ
ãɫ԰ˣſЦȻǲܡԶͷǺͲʲôأУԶֻѡЩҲѧϰˡҲǱƵġûͻ
ԲӺ˵ˡ̫ƽݹȥһ
Ӻӹڱţ㣬Ҳúãܹɷ־Ҽգ
̫ƽһôȥʲôأ
Ӻ˵ȥŶˣȥԪ
ȥɣûˣ̫ƽˣ翴Ҳһ˼֮ࡣ
Ӻ֣պãˡ
ǡûаøԪ˽Բˡ
鸴ӣףĸòӦչҲѡµ졣
ʱڻηԪһš
Ͼڶ濴Ŀ顣
޿ԭȥдֻҲҪӦޣٻص̫ƽߣ𣿡ϵ
Ԫ˵ϡѾѡ˻Ҳѡ˳͢ѡ˻ʹѡǧҵǲٸ̫ƽһģģֻһǳ̫ƽͨһ·ˣѾˣҲԱκв
ϵͷû⡣Ȼվͷϣм߲İ׷
㸸ߺ޾ͷǳڡϣܹһĹѪ̳޵Ĵҵҵ㣬ϣԴӳ飬ֻǿϧˣѾ̫ࡣ̾˿˵
ϴԲӣȻĿ̫࣬ʵҲ̫֮ΪӺİ£Ҳ̫࣬ŻϿԿ˵Ԫÿѡ
ϴϲģĻ̫ࣿ
Ԫͷ
ȴţ̫ܹܹԪ
̫ܹܹ˵ȷԪ̫࣬ж
ϾϲᶼЩϼԪ־ϲֱֻ̾ǾԪѾ̫࣬ЩźźѾˡôԪػ̫ʲô谭أ
ҪӺΪޱסһѪϴϲ
ԪĿлϣԸ̫
糯ϺȻԪҵˡ
󳼶һȻ
Ͼܶ˶Ԫˣ̫ԪǲԪأ
ڻľѪͳĻʼӵܡǻģǶȻԽ壬ܳΪ̫ġ
ν̫ʵδĽӰˡ
ǴѾ̫ӡԣĽλ˳Ӧȴλ̫ӣٴλ̫̫Ӧù̵̫ӵ¡
ҲԿԷ̫ӣֱӴλ̫
Ϣʱʧ
ĸôźأԪȻĻţҾ֮ǰ̫Сӣ֪ɱˡǿϧˣȻҵƤӹˡȥǳżϹˣȻ˵ҪԪΪ̫Ҫںεأ


410 Ҫ

ɲԳסһ㣿ûáԼѣĵޢָףϸؿ
ĸʶҪԪΪ̫ˣҪγסأ˵
šüͷ˵Ԫ̫̫̫࣬أ˵񲻱˳Ц
Ǿ˵Ԫж
ǣĴ˵Ѿûжѽ˵ǽƭӣҪʹƭƭȡԪˡЦ˴Լָס
ԼͿõָ׷ǳ⡣
ĸ˼ҥԳ˻϶ԪģƺЩˡ
ͷôһ̫̳أҲ֪
ˡϲĸһ仰Ѷ
ǣûãϾ˵ˣ󳼶Ԫûж¡
鷿ϰѹŮļˡ
дΪԲ²⿵жݣѵҪ̫ˡŭɶ
һȰϢŭ˱ҲһҪȻ˭ҹʼأ
˵˼˭أ
ü۴Ц˵Ͼ£˭أ
Ϭ󣿲ܡ󲻻Բ޵顣
˵ϣǿǳ޶ˡ
ŷҵŮ͵ż꣬һһŮֻǿϧŮСܷ⡣
ǣȴѾҰģȥᴢλ
ϾĿɽŷҡ
ǿĿɽԼ
ԣҪԼĶ̫ӡ
ԪշȨơҲûпɽ˻̫ǳ綼Ҫŷ
ʱ򣬸һҩˡûаԪ
ȻϲȫĻĻڻϵһöʱըӴˣ϶һݽġ
ЩҪžĻȻǺ׵ģǴʱϺȻ뿴Ԫδ£֡
ϾҪԪĻҪԪչĻᣬǴȥ
ǣټԪ
ԪЦүүЩȻѾˣʱһ̫ĻôŪǷǵ˾ͲŪˡ
һ˼ǡ
νذܡүүֻҪԵʱ̣Լ¶ˣҪȥԲ䣬ʤҪһ
Ŷ벻㻹أ˵
үүﳼֻǹȥ£иҵԣԶһ㡣Ԫǫ˵
صͷ۲Żϲ㡣
佱ԪĻվǴĶΪڻϵΧ˺ܶߣҲͬʱߡ
ּѷĶˤ˵ϡ
ϲģΪô࣬ͷȻñͲҷ˵ҵĲŻԪôҵĲŻ᲻һ̫أ
̫ŷѩæū澰ѵϵƬʰһ˵̫Ϣŭ̫ΪηôƢأҲֻ˵ģΪǰԪġ֮ǰϲҲǿ佱̫ӵ𣿻ϵĻֻ̫Ӧּɡ
侲Ȼסŷѩ˵ѩ㸸ǳ͢سϷǳΡɲ㸸ϽԼ䣬ҪԪΪ̫Ŭһ£һӵġ
ŷѩ۾ˣ̫ӣܡΪ̫ӵµһŮġǣԪΪ̫ǰ϶£Ǹ׽Ҳûõġͽ϶Ը׵Ĳϲ
ҲԸҡǳ˦ŷѩ֡
̫ӡŷѩˡ
߿ˣһŷѩϡȢкãҹ
ŷѩˡ
ҹŷѩ˽ʮ˻ӵĻϲҡҲҵ˿ԺôСܸͨӣûжҲҳô롣᲻Լԭ򣿡
ʮ˻ӱŷѩ˵ˣˣ㻹ҡҪӣ̫Ӹ㣬ҿԸ㰡
ŷѩˣʮ˻һ£˵ʲôҿɩ
ʮ˻ЦǻҵĺӣԪͳɲ˻̫ˣǵĺӾǻ̫Ҳٱ˿𡣡
ŷѩĶˣǱ˷أ
㲻˵Ҳ˵˭ֵܷˣʮ˻Ӹŷѩ


411 

ŷѩ뵽ƽʱĶ򡢷Ǵʮ˻ȻͱСɶȴǧ˳Թ֮ϯʮ˻ӵỳ
ƣϨˣ˵·˵ϡ
ҹºڷߣһֻ˹ȻӶѨڴϱܡ
Ԫ˷ʱƤѾ
ճڴϡ¹Ӱϳϳ
ŷſڣһСѴ򿪣Ӷվſڣ˽ȥ˾Ͱ˺Ժ
ŷױ֡վ£Ц湻ƻġŷҵıʧôáû˸ҵƤʧ
ԪһЦҪץסӺѱİѱΪô׵£ʧʧĵ
ô˵ѱѾҵˣŷ׵Ŀ͸ɱٸҸʲôϷҾɱ㡣
ҵˣҲõѱͰɱѽɱڶ˵ʱ£Ҫ̸ԪЦ
ŷսȭͷǽ죬Ҳ䣿
㲻̸ôҲ֤ݽ㣬һɢʯඡԪ֣һνӡ
㡭㲻ҪˣľˣҾ㣡
ôҰ¡Ҳ˲ˡ£ȴѾ㱨֮ˡԪ̯̯֣˫ֱأء
κаӵóȥѽŷЦãеԣϲҪʲô˵ɡ
ʹﶼۣԪǻϵӣ֪ԪЦ˵˵ˡ
ŷ˵ǣʲôϵ
ҲϲЩԣϣܰҽ³֮Ӻѱ֤ݾ͸㡣Ԫ˵
ΪҪԪŷ˫Ŀ
ܼ򵥡Ϊ֪ɢЩԵһҪȥû֪ĿԪ̫СҰûϵԪЦʵҲΪŷ밡
ŶôΪŷˣŷ˵
Ԫ˼Ц֪ĶӣҪˣֻһӣôŷҲĺģԲԣ
ŷ״ʧɫô֪ģ
˶õĶ㲻ﻹ𣿡ԪЦֻΪôҶעϣñĶӣʵŷҵĹߣһ鵲ʯˡиûԲ㵱Ȼ᲻ˡ
ŷЦĺܶԡо仰Ҫ㣬һ̫ˣ̫
ǿǿû˳ӦԪЦô͸һĻᣬ㲻᲻Ҫɣ
ãҴӦ㡣
Ԫˡ
ŷ׿Ԫʧķսȭͷ
̫ƻñá´μ棬õ֤ݺһҪɱŷ
Ԫ뿪ˣȻûŷ仰ǲҲ֪ŷ˵ʲô
ԪȻŷɱĻᡣ
ԪѾ֮ǰⱣȥŷסսսġ
ΪѾ׼´˺ˣȻܰӺѱİѱŷסֻŷ׳ȥˡ
´ΣŷɱԪټŷأ
ԪߵӺʱ򡣲ɵͣס˽Ų֪ӺסİŮˡ
ȥ֪ܡ
̾˿óӣĬĬһ֧ӡ
ΪѾҹ̫ƽӦ˯ˣ㲻˯ôΧǽ̫ƽȻġ
ǣǾԵˡ
̫ƽȻˡ
ոշϴϤȻһܵ˴ǰ
ֵȷ̫ˣǣȴΪ̫ϤѾĹͷһϤôأ
磬ǲ̫ƽֻһ˯¾˳ȥֺȻֹͣˡ
ҹˣ϶ˣ˭ôأٴŹǷ˳
Ҳġ̫ƽ۾ʪˣֻǿϧˣӵˡ
ڶ죬̫ƽ㱼䣬Էˤ˺ü롣
ԭҲС£Ӻ̫ƽ˳͹ȥ
ܹʲô£ӺԴһ׷Դ룬ЩϲǼ룬ҲطϣɵĲȥµĲ
̫ƽ˵лӺʣ洵ӣ


412 ƻ

ŶûĪܹˣ˵ȺܶģЩ˾ϲڰҹӣҲеģܹܾˣԺҰ㷿ŲˡӺºЦ
ǣҲ˼Ҿⴵѵ˿ǿ硣̫ƽ˵ţĿЩᣬԱ˵ġ
Ӻ˵ôأôҹܵⴵأֻܽˣܹһǲ´ˡ
Ҳ´ģĵͱ˵ĲһһͿ̫ƽЦӺֱ֪ܷó˵ĽŲͱ˵ĽŲǲһģҲͬˡ
ܹôԱأӺ̾˿˵ܹþϡЩįɣڷŻƣ΢˽ãȥһˣΣ
Żƣ̫ƽһȥԪŵһȥƣȫÿĻƸǡ
ˮĳŵûж֣ǷԽԽԶ
ôܹӺ˵ܹȹȥ˸˺ܶࡣȥ̫ƽ˵ǣһ˫鶯Ĺ⣬һǳ
ڡ
ԭҲŮ˶Ƹеġ
ûСзŻҪȥɢɢҲá̫ƽ̾˿˵
ǰǰԼڷҲáġ˵
ԭ̫ƽֿ˵ġǣ̫ƽ»صǺ·Ǽҩ̣ٷˡ
Ҫ棬̫ƽֻôӦ
پͰҩ̽Լ͸̫ƽӺ
˷̫ƽٻи񣬾չСӾ
̫ƽ˵٣⼸кڣҩҲһߡϾҩﲻҪҡ
̹ū澾Ҹ¡Цūǲȥġ
á̫ƽжסٵ֣̾˿˵Ӻ˵أҳȥҲȥϿһ
Ӻͷüë˵Ѿ̫ҽǶ޲ߣֻ֪ԭȴ֪ԴȥҵԭҲǺõġ
ǣһù˷ˣ£ʹҪˡ
Ӿһ˵Ҫſƣֵòˣ̫ƽһһĶݲͬڽͷյˣӦýҡ߶ˡҲ㣬ļġ
֪ˣ̣һԹԵģ̴粽롣ӾٺһЦ
Сӣ𡣡̫ƽЦҡҡͷ
ٸӾŪŪƽЦ˭֪ǹ˵Сǰ
Ӻʱ˹ȥɣүſڵȺʱˡ
̫ƽһ˾͹ȥˡ
ʱѾҹĵƹ£̫ƽź£֯ëƤһƷɻȹúŮһѹѹס
Ӻóˣ̫ƽѾ˶֪
Ӻǿ𣿡̫ƽˣ·̫ˣʵǾòԼֲ˼
Ӻعⲻͦÿ𣿡
һһ̨ӣǰߡ
ٶӾ˵СӡҪҪԱǺ«
ӾҡҡͷʲôóԵġϵɽ亣ζóԡ
̫ƽЦǺ«ӾԹ˵ĶνԶȻòóԡ
ǰȥлɽ亣ζӺã⼸ҳԵúáĺãһסˡӾͯ޼ɡ
⻰˺̫ƽ̫ƽʧ˵ߣ㲻Ը𣿡
̣ôõĵط԰סʲôԼɣ벻ͨΪλҪأزصǿ𣿡Ӿ촽ĺ̫ζˣǻζ
̫ƽ˵ӣҪסûʲôطԶ֣粻ڰѡҪӰ˼Σ
̫ƽˣӾæ˵Բ̣ҴˣҲΪ
û㻹ǸӡЩ뷨ġ̫ƽӾͷ
ǣ̣Ҳ󰡡
̾ıడ̫ƽգСӵĲ£ȫİݡ
Ϊĺӣ֣̺ܽõġ
ˡͣ
һȺѼյˮϣϦ£ԣѼųͣѼһĸϵߣٴӰ߸ϵϵѼŮӣݴѼһ
̫ƽӿһĻ̾˿ʲôʱԹأ
Ӻˣڵƹ⣬΢Цǵ
ֻĵ


413 ˫̥

ǰǻƼˣСӱߣǿһԻںϷţͽзŻơӺЦ
ӺѾСˣߣûŮˣԹ¼ҹ˵ͼ
̫ƽӺǳۡԴʶԪ֮ףһˡӺۡ
ǾԪ
Сۿ˸ĸ˫ԪĻʵүү׷ɱֻһ˱
𡣳ȻΪ̫ȴ䣬
ѧյЩµҪٵ᣿ͯǸģʳǵģҲǵġͷģǱ˼Цģͯ˴䡣
˭֪Ĺͱɣأ
ܹʲôأº͵ӺѾڴߴˡ
ȻҪͲҪƸУ̫ƽĬĬĸԼȻһȥ
Ͻ¹⣬һƬ
ĺܶ࣬Ҳܺÿ
Ӿڻﴩȥٲϵĸ߰Сӣôߵô죿
ӾȴЦúܿġ
̫ƽҲ׷ȥӾ˶࣬߶ģǰǸ߹𣿡
̣ҶһþûôɹˡӾ¶ݶЦЦ߶̫ƽ
⺢ӣԽԽƤˡ̫ƽҡҡͷ
Ӻ˵ܹϲһյƣҸ򡣡
̫ƽЦҾͲҪˣôȥ̫Ŀˡ
ܹߵﶼĿġӺ˵
ⲻ˵ĻĶ̫ƽɵÿӺʲôʱӺҲô˵Ļˣ
Ӻˡ̫ƽ˵ˡ
ˣҲΪܹұˣܹĪǲ֪𣿽߳࣬õĶȷǻ˱øõġӺ˵
Ӻ֪ԪѾ̫ƽԣӺôֱӡ
̫ƽȻӺ˵⻰˼ɵˣæ˻˵ǣ̫õĶֻǺܲ۵һ
𣿿ҵãԽǲ۵ȴԽõģΪЩ̫ˣʺңЩȴ꼻һȻֻһ֣ɲǵķ㣬ڽﾲȥȴůӺ顣
˵̫ˡôã
ܹκеĻҪãֻԼ֪ˡӺȴܼ֡
Ӻʵо仰Ҳ֪̫ƽ̾˿˵
ֻܹ˵ҽ鶼ˣһ𣿡Ӻڴ
̫ƽԼЬ˵ӺӦһһˡ
ҲѾҵˡӺЦ
ģǲҲͬΪǿŤĹϲ𡣡̫ƽ˵Ҳֱˡ
ӺЦ֪ǱҲŷһ仰ʯΪ
̫ƽ̾˿
Ȼܹ˵ɺϣӾСӾȻͶ˴ˡ
ʲô̫ƽæȥ
ȻǶļҶӾ۾ֱײ
̫ƽϳҶūš
Ӿսȭͷ˵ңҾʹˡ
򰡣СƨҪҪѽһˡǼҶЩӾ
ӾҪʱ̫ƽæȥסӾߡǿߡ
û߼ȻȺһߺ̣𣿡
̫Ϥˡ̫ƽ̲סعͷȥȻİСС崩Ž¡վȺƹ˺ܶ࣬Щ̫ƽߣˣ̫ƽɵһۡ
İѾܹˡ̣ĻţǶ˵ˣǲŵģŵġ
̫ƽʵİգô
̴ҳƣ͹ȻͿˣˣϾҪˡİ˵
ʲôҪ̫ƽİգ߰ɡпһȥġ
İһ̣ΪʲôҪߣΪʲôȥأǴҶڵ㡣
Ӿվ˳˵İգ֣ôҳһģһ
İպӾĿԣһ
̣˭˫̥ͬʵ
̫ƽε˵˵㣬Ժпһǽ͡
İգȥˣԶܱ߽бܹ
һˣ̫ƽæİյ˵İգˣҪңһȥġ
ȻӾС
İռˣ̣̣
ܹİգڽʲôأ
İҪ˵ʲôӺˣæμӺ
İҲͱˡ


414 

̫ƽ鸴ӣɿӾ뿪ơ
ӺΪ˰ܣûϸ
̣ΪʲôղǸСҲ̣ӾʵΪʲôҪô죿Ϊʲôʶ㣿
ӾʲôʱʮΪʲôˣ̫ƽҡҡͷ̾˿˵ѵĲ֪İ˭𣿡
Ӿʧɫ̣İҵ˫̥𣿡
̫ƽ̾˿˵ͷͲסӾ
ӾȫΪʲôô󣬿ңǻѣҲ̲סĺᡣ
Ӿһ˺ᣬǿ·ǿķȺͺ̫ƽӾͷ˵
ԭҵĸ磬ֲǳô񣬿ҿǲƽģСͽʳȴҪ¶޽ͷӾǳԼв԰Ρ
ġӾʵİСʱôȻסںȴܾ˵۸ԵĻ㡣ʵһģǶûĸ׵ĺӣﶼҪ۸ģʱҾҸһ㣬㲻УӶӲȥǧУɵġܴƽ̾
ҲţҲţСӣ˭۸㿴ңֻֻס˼죬ϵū澾ͶұϹϾġǺӺǷ׷ǹʵģˣοԼ߳ģ˵֣Ӿȫ
СͿĵȻϾ֪ĵһεˣǿ
̫ƽȻãǲǶӾ̫ˡ
ӾһӣĸӲԼĵأ̫ƽƾʲôȥĵأ
̫ƽˣʵ̣ǲİһĵ߳󣿡
Ӿͷûлش𡣹˺ܾòžһ䣺̣˵ˣǲĵҲҵĵ
⻰̫ƽˡ
ӾȨѡߣǻصߣҸ㡣ְģȥκһˣ֪ôҵְĵġ̫ƽ˵ȴٿӾ¿ӾϲĿ⡣
Ļʹ
û뵽ôط꣬˾ץסӾ֡
Ȼûа취İԼߣ̫ƽӾУӾ˵᲻̫˽˵㣬ӾѡȨ
Ӿˡ̲ܰѡȨֱȥְĵģ̲㡣
Ӿˣ̣Ҳ˼ҲҲߣҪߡ
Ĳ𣿡̫ƽӾìܡ
ô̺һȥòãӾʡ
ܵģôܺһȥأҲְĵʲôˡ̫ƽ˵
Ӿԥ̫ƽ˵Ȼ㻹ûͨȻȥɡ˵ز˾ȥ룬֮ʲôʱȥ̾ʹȥˡ
Ӿͷ
ܹˣղΣաܹ˵񿴵ˡҿӺһҧ˵Ͳ㡣
̫ƽͷôİô˵ģ
İʲôû˵˵
⺢ӸòǱɵ˰ɣƽʱɻġ̫ƽ˵
ﲻҪˣİ֪ʲô顣˵ﲻ˵İһֱϬ𣿡
ϣɡ̫ƽ̾˿ʱ䲻ˣ߰ɡ
ǲӺ𣿡˵
̫ƽ˵ȥϵȰɣ˶ӡ
ߣȻǰ棬һס̫ƽøµĹձүãϽ㱾үүӡ
죬ǹŮٺǳ
һׯһɰϲġҶҪˡǷүͳ˹
̫ƽ쵽ǣû룬ӾһһȭǷүؿϡ
һүסؿڣˣëӡҲ򣿡
γϵĵӾ˹ȥ
˵ǳǿ졣
̫ƽֻӾûˣһĶɤϡ
ǣӾȴ൱򶨡үµ˹ȥ
ǵûӾͷϣү͵˵ϣء
ү˹ȥ
æү㾹Ҵү
̫ƽסӾ˵үŴҪӾġӾֻôҪȻүȥҽݰɡ
̫ƽ˵Щ˾͸Ͻͷүȥҽˡ
ɱӡ˵
̫ƽ˵ǲӡҸǣǵΣǲеǵΣǻе
ܹʲôˣ


415 ץ

Ӻ
ˣΪӺƱ磬Ѿİ뿪ˡ
Ӻ͹ȻͿһĻ
̫ƽ򵥵ذ龭˵һ飬Ӻüͷ˵ʲôˣôӽºаԵ
Щ˿Ӻװ֪ͷˣЦǼּҵġ
ҵĹӣ͸ĴŰգǲ뵱ˡӺڰ֣ȥҽΰɣٸ¡Ͱݡ
Ⱥ˴ˡ
ЦӺȽ硣
̫ƽһۣ񡣡
˵ҲеԴˡӦӺ˻̨֣˹
ǻȥɡ
ƹˮãŷүҡӣӻ˳һĳһŮ
ǸŮ̫ƽŷү΢΢һЦΪˣүϲˡ
˵үǽôأ
ô죿裡ŷүӱͷϣȥһ¸ղ˵ôˡأһҪ̫ƽ֮أҸүߣû͡
̫ƽصӺϣӾȻ㱣ǣûо뿪̫ƽ
̫ƽЩİһҹ޻ǰ˯
ǣգŷ׾֪ˣԭ̫ƽӺϡ
ӺӿǴ󣬾ΥʥּѲس͢շϧ֪ôµģȻ֤ݶҲŷ˰ӣһǾͶѿˡ
ŷү˵ҪҪϸϽ
Ȼԣ˵ӺѲշ֤ݣӺǻӣ˵ģŷҡҡͷҵȷҪϳϡڳӺ֮ǰҪӡ
ʹ
°ףͤϵķܣҲ˰һҹ֣ʱѾͲסĽ˷
ϵ˻Ǻܶ࣬Сŵӣ½½Ľõλþ;õ⣬ΪܶЩǮСŶڳſڵˡ
ϰһ״ɻ̣һʢŵĴĵƬҶҲ̵ļҪ
Ϻ԰ͻȲ衣
ϴưɫһ׺£´ɫȹǳ欿ɿڣԻϵθڡ
˶˵ѾǻϺ󹬶裬ֻδĻʺѡҲǷĪˡ
ŷ׹ˣݼ˻Ϻ
ҲݼŷΪס
Ȼŷ׾ᵽԪûж£ӻϵϰвİ
̾˿˵Ҳǳġֻǣ鲻ʼٸߡ
ŷ˵֪ҥԵˣ̫ӵ¡
һŷ䣬֤ݣ
ŷ˵ѾΪץ˼ҥԵĴ󳼡һй˵̫ӵ˵ġ
ںδҪʡüë
ѾΪϴˡŷʤȯա
ʱ乬һ𣬺Ȳ졣
ĸֻҪҰԪȥ취øһλȥ±ҵˣʱңٰĸųȥ˵ԪѾ裬ҶǶҥԣĳ£ôΪ̫أ¸Ҳǽͷöġ
Тģĸ֪ġǣĸܲ뿪乬Ҫʵ乬Ҳͦõģ˺ܶաֻǣв̫ļ㸸ûô׶Ը¶ɵ׵˰㣬ҪȻһй¶ˣǵòʧġǵ˵ʵѾ̫ӣʲôպͿԼ̳㸸ʵĽɽ
ĸˣǸϺͿҼ̳ĽɽȻԪΪ̫ѵ⽭ɽҵķǲšұΪǿȻϺͿϰѽɽҡҾȥʱĪ˵
һ糺ɫİȹŷɫ廨Ĩأû
ĴһжǷǳģǽ죬üëúܿ죬оᷢõ飬ƽ봩·ķǳԡ
Ȼûãһнͳ˽ץġ
󵨡̫ӣҲץš
̫ӵ£Ƿϵ˵žͰץˣͻϮֲ
Ȼʲôں󹬶һˣ̫ûг£˭ץ̫أ
ӺԪ¡Ѿ¶ˡ
ǺεȴˣҲ֪Լ
Ⱳֻһӡ£ţʲô˼أ


416 ֮

ϡ
ҶѾۣ˫ϥڱĵϣſŸϵĻϣȻڻϵ߻һˣǾ¹ڳŷס
ʣûУǶġš
ʧҡҡͷʲôʱøˣֻ˭أԪ˵ҲֶΨһӣȴҪôأ㲻ӺпҪġ
˵ʣŷ׺˵˵ǧҪ
˭ں˵˵޺ѵΪۻ軨㲻뺦Ԫ㻹Ӻأ޶֪˵ҲǻΪʲôҲͬŷȥץԭ
ԭǳģû뵽ҪɱԼ˲ТĶӣҲĻˣӼᶨҪԪ̳нɽľġ
ʵҲǱŵóģ֪Ҫ¶ϵ£Ѿ쵽ˡ
ϵȻԴС
ҪΪǿջϳɹˡ
ŭŷףԲ㡣ΪʲôҪңˣһŮء
ŷ̾˿̫ӵ£Ϊ˳͢òף̫ӵ½⡣
һףŷף㻹һֻϺꡣãеһ㶼ƶ𣿡ȻϬŮͦ˽
ŷףǽģ
ŷױѹͷӡ
ҲЩԥˣѾ޴乬ʲô
ϣıԪͻ£ûаϵǳ檰вҪ־͹ֳ檰ɡֻܳ檹ƻ᲻£ٸһλᡣͿӵķϰɡ
˶󾪡
еĸΪ
ŭ󣬵㻹ִԲʲôΪҶҸǣһһ˵ҾϳϹܷġ
˵ư磬һʱҲӲϻ
ĸĿԣһ˲䣬ȻʲôҪԼΪԼӮһ
ˣеĻ˺˵ˡ
Ŀ⣬飬ĸƺ˵Ӱĸԣĸһˡ
ϣԼһ
Դ˾ҲΪݣϾԼ׶ӣҲΪ
ŷ׼ˡҲ˵ʲô֪ʱ˵ʲôϱػǨŭ
󣬻ϷŹԸеһС
Ͱ籡֣ʥּ̫˵ʱĶˡ
һۣתȥ
ĸе޵ǣûлͷ
һ۱⣬ȫ
Ԫˡ
һԽüŨ͸ӢĺԨɲ⣬Ų֪ܡ
֮ǰԪ
ԭ㡣ЦҾ˵ˣûôСʱ;ҵ¡벻㳤ˣһ
Ԫ˵ֻ㣬Ҹĸԩ޳ΪʲôҪƺǣ
ЦԪ㱨𱨴ˡǵģ㸸ĸҺģֻǼӵġֱӺ㸸ĸˣǻϣĻүү
Ԫһ㲻Ҫ䣬ҵĻүүҲҺܺá
ҶˣûҪ˵ѡĻүүĸףҪȡ̫̫Ӳϡϴŭɱ㸸ף㸸һĸҲѳȥô򵥡Ц
ԣĸǱҩġҪѵøɸɾԪҧгݡ
ǣĸǺҵҩġȫѡ񲻺ȣǹҪҩɱġ˵ҲΪϺ㸸ףͬʱĸףϲĳ˰ҪӦһϡ˵Ц
Ԫսȭͷ۾
Ӻ
һֻƤ̫£ܵҶΧһȦʱķҲЩ⣬ֻƤԾһ
˰סȥ
񣬸񡣡ĸĴųӼȦŴŽһ֮󡣼ûӦȻȥĵطȥˣĸͷԳʱ¶˼βµɫ
ԭ̫ƽԸӺĶ˷˿ˮֳÿĸµĵжģ͹ȥӺԡ
ʱ̫ƽǳɫĽȹһȦưߣźɫĿڲݵϱĿһϡ
ܹ벻ѾΪˡ


417 ĥ

Ӻ
̫ƽÿ
ٸӺӺЦǼû˵²ضˣ٣ι
̫ƽվ
ܹڿʲôأӺ˵
̫ƽ˵ֻһˡ
ŮӼңֲΪʿ㿴Ҳ͹ˡӺЦеءһϢˡ
ʲô̫ƽһʲô
ŷ׸淢ȷе˵ΪӺЦôܹϢ㿴ȴˣԭΪЦһЦء
Ӻеʧ䡣
̫ƽæ˵ˡǵĳˣ¡ȻǸ˵ģֻҾ̫˵㣬ܾûô˳һ룬һ˼
ǿġһǡӺЦ֪ôŷ׺ĹϵȻ̫ӣѾûϲϲҲкܶ౳ǳʹ״̬Ǻܶ˹Ѿѡ񿵶
˿磬ҲѡӺ㣬ࡣ̫ƽȻĿϬ˵ΪӺԪʵǿ
ǱԻλ⡣˵ˣѡǿֻΪ˰Ӻɫ
̫ƽ˵ӵӺӲҪӺۼӺƣҲǻ᲻Ҫϵġ
Կطȡٻλӡ
ԲᡣӺ̫ƽĿ
̫ƽ˵һ˵ŷ׶ԸֻǡŷҰĺܴȥĿĲΪԪӦΪԼҪˣŷ׵ŮҲлӣŷ׵ȴûΪŷŷ׷ŮתԼҲǿܵġǽŷ׵Ŀ꣬ӦþӺˡ
Ӻüëһ壬ܹ벻һŮӣȻܷȫ档˵ĶԣǱעġҲôˣô׾ܱ˺ͱ˺ˡڲúúõģܹﲻҪıˡ
̫ƽˣˣҲֻǳڶѵĹġ
֪ѵܹﲻΪѵĹģѵΪ˱ʲô𣿡ӺһЦ
Цô񴺷棬ųֳһ̫ƽ÷ǳ
ֻǣʻʵ̫ƽˣתȥ˼˵ȥιˡЩĺܿɰҴ˲ټʱһЩļԡ
̫ƽת˻⣬ӺҲ˵ܹﻹĵ
һ㡣̫ƽЦ˲Ÿ˵ᡣ
ãǱ͵ųԡ
˵ɾ͸ɣ̫ƽĵ˺ܶĩ֮Ӻ߳ԱЦúϲ£졣
ʹ
ˣŲҪѵذѵĸо
Ԫһ㣬ƺĸģĳΪʲôôĸʲôޣΪʲôҪֳѽһʹ󺰴С
һ¡Ȼ˵ˣ︾˲ΪТ
Ա˶ԣǵ︾Ƕ˵ֻĸס
Ԫֻǰſ飬Ƥ̧һ£ŷ׸״﷢ʲô裿
ΪҲ֪̫࿪ʼʹĻǲһУŷ׿϶ǰġ֪ŷ׸״ʵıȫ֡˵
㻹̫ıȫ֣أԪЦڿ˵ԩ޳֪ܲҵĸǱĸİɣҲԩ޳𣿡
סˡԪԭȫ֪ˣ
ˣͲʴʣ½㣬°ð̫֮λ˳ΪİܾһעԪҡҡͷ㣬ǻϵһ壬塣
˵˵Ҫɱ㡣νҪȥԪֻһӣ˴͵˵ϡ
ԸңȰ书ѧһЩɡԪҡҡͷȲ衣
ǹɴݲȣͺֻǿһ㡣
ŵֻˡ
Ԫһ裬ŷ׺ȻˣһֱһϿĻ̫ʲôģóȻϣҪ⡣
ԪЦŷĲʱⱭոպ꣬ûвˡ
޷ֻĿΪ˺Ȳ衣ŷһ˫۾ϬضԪ
ŷ׵Ȼ²Ԫ
ѾʵһҲŷѾĥõĵ׼ԪӺ


418 

Ԫû̧ͷȴϰڿһ̡
ģǺڰġŵ⡣
һ˵ʱϲԼԼ壬ȻˣѡԹۣҲѡҶġǣҲӭԪ˵ϷһŰӡ
ŷ˵벻ҲϲԼԼ塣
ѵŷҲ𣿡ԪͷҲ̧̡̲Ȥġ
ʶһ˽ҲϲŷЦҵȻ֪㲻
ŷôҸһأԪ塣
ŷЦӲǣҲµһذ塣
ŶȻŷģӮңķڷΣԪƵؿŷһۡ
һ˲ŷ׵
ŷ
˶ġŷͱˣҪӮˣ󡣱ƵͶ·ģҲ
ԪЦŷˣҪˡ
ŷѾµˣԪʹʲôӮӣôӮˣ
Ԫ˵ͨԸŷһǣ˭֪˭Ӯ
㡭ŷãվơˤȥ
ԪЦ˳סˣôӮأеˣôЦǸأ
һд졣
̫ƽںڵ㷢ϲһ֧źɫýһɫʯȹһȺ
Ѿǣۼһʱ˵ǸǲǵδѽôôϲʵӺֲȱԵġֲģΪʲôҪôࣿ
ǰÿҲѾ߷ֻԼϴ£ԼµļǺοأ
˵ÿջҪɰ͵ȥúɰȥǮ治֪ôģ˺óԺóԹţҪƫҪȥ
ܾԳи԰ɣŽصĸԣҲӺϲѽѾ۷׷ס
Ӻ·ˣǳ˵ʲôأٺ˵ǻҪҪϴˣϲģǳ฾ˡ
Ѿû뵽Ӻæ¡
Σÿ˶ʮӡӺ˵
үūҲˣ˵ʮˣЩСѾôСӣܰǴѽ
֪Ϊʲô˵˵ˡǡӺˡ
̫ƽ˳
ܹôˣһѾ̫ϢӺĵ˵
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵үĹЩѾǰɡ鶼Ҷ𡣹ֲñˡ
Ӻ̾˿˵ܹ̫ˡôأⶼǾȡ㱻ˣҲֲñˡ
үǣһεġס鷳ˡ̫ƽҡҡͷүˡΰɡ
Ӻ˴֣ܹķϣˡǡ
лүѾʹ飬ūҲˡ
лʲôӦллܹǣӺܲˡ
Ѿæ̫ƽͷлܹ
̫ƽ˵ɡ
ѾȻˡ
Ӻ˵ôܹϰ𣿱ٸֻ
̫ƽЦ⼸ֻѾÿ춼ǳˣֻ졣񲻰үĺ⣬ˡ
ӺЦɡ죬п𣿡
̫ƽЦ»ҪȥɰءпԤˣϳɲС
ӺҡҡͷαôأҪʲôͱ˵ǡ
̫ƽ˵ǳԼͶĿġүɡҲϰ´ա
Ӻ˵ɽڣŮǻ廨ܹԸȥȻܲǰס
ͷ¶£ҾͲˡ̫ƽЦлӺһе¡Ͳˡ
̫ƽˡ
Ӱ񵭵ı飬ֱӺԡġ
ӺףԪΪλ̫ƽˡ
õŮӣ˱κˡһӵأ
ˡ
ˡ
Ԫܲˣ˵֪ӰȴɵǱ紵㡣
˵ܵѾķˣҲǵû¡
Ԫ˲豭ӣڣôˣˣҪ׼£ɽˣչֵĺûᡣĴôûˣ׵ʧְˡ
̾˿˵Ϊ޵£
ޣܵĻ޲˵ˣҢѾýȥʹˣةѾӦˡԪóһ˵


419 

÷ĸǰһ塣
Ԫ˵ô
˵ͨ͸ˮˣأûۺۣɼǷǳϸʵġˣҲǷǳгġ
Ҳá壬ҢܵĶҪҴתԪ˵
۾ﶼԵγˮˡǼҢҾͲµǰһĺжء˭ȵϡ
ܳҰ彻ԪЦ
ҡҡͷô
ôˣôһһֱ˵ܵĲǡԪһ
˵Ң̾˿
ԪվΪʲô
˭ֻ֪˵ŮԽԽˡҡҡͷԼȥ
뷿ԴűֽдšԪ֡
Ԫ߽ܾȻûŲ˳С
ܣΪҪд˵֣ԪϵĻƺµʲô
ˣƫͷ˵ףŮ£ôƫҪʣ
Ԫ˵Ң͸Ķ
ҡҡͷһۣҲŲҪء
˵ܣħ𣿡
ȻǡĸףǰԪ˵Ǹ̫࣬˵ûжѾˣӵжңǻ̫δпܻǼ̳µĴѵ㻹Ůϲ𣿡ܼᶨ˵Ů˵ˣŮǲῴ˵ġ
̾˿˵ʲôδĴֶûһƲأ˵ˣǲ󸣴ֻͺã̯һˣǼ޹ȥԺ󾿾ܼǸǻһأƽ޹ʵģΪҪʼҵ˳Ϲϵأѧһѧ̫ƽ㣬Ǹ߹㣬¶ҪԶŻʼҵˣһǻǵľĻ
˵ĸף㲻˵̫˵ԪԺͲ𣿼ȻһҪΪԪӣ־̫ƽ㡣ΪӾͲأ
ϼˣ㾹Ȼ˵߳ܵĻƽôģ㶼𣿡
˵ĸףŮŮʲôԵģŮֻ޸ŮϲˣΪʲôͲأѵԪȲһȳ𣿡
ܣ޸Ԫûʹ𲻴ӦȻԸӷϲһн̫ƽ㣬̫ƽ˳ģôأȢ㣬㣬ⱲӲǶؿշΪβϼ޸һӡһһһ˫أһԪȰ
ԼĻôأ֪ңҼ޸ҵġ˵⻰ʱɬĹ⣬ȷǰģ
Ԫ˵ܣӦ
ΪҪҼ޸ҲϲأѵŮҸ𣿡ܹŮĺϲԪǳȫ
ŷ
ŷү˱նŷ˵ڿȥ淢Ӻ˽̫ƽ𣿶ӽͨӣӺˣ˾ǵˣȥҵ֤ݡ
ŷ˵㼱ʲôû֣ļġҵ䡣
ŷү˵ǶӻȥѰ
ŷ׵ͷġˣҲСˣҴĹŮסԸ⣿
ŷүһ̫ƽ
Ȼ̫ƽͨôܺءŷ˵˵һܣȥסҲͿ֪ˡ
ŷү˵Ӷƾװš
ŮУѾ޸Զˮ޸õܣЦЦŮǶġ䲻㣬ʣµģҲֻĵŮˡŷһЦֻǿϧˣ˵Ңкܽ׵˼ֻǣŮûӦ
ǶҪϿˣҢ֮ǰܽˡŷҸܱȵģֻҪһȥףûвͬġŷүǳŵ˵
ʱʹҲڳﱸһϲ¡
ԭǾŻܰҪӭȢ
˵ǶϷ˵ֶŮ
ܰȢȻҪ붨ϲƵġ
Ϸ˺ϴŶȥ
Ҳϯˡ
ʹ£ҲΨһһϲ£ҲҲЩЦݡ
ֻǣǳ׵ĵڶ죬Ѫˡ
̫ƽҴҵܵӺſڣ
Ӻŵ·š
̫ƽ˵ˣٲҹȥˡ
Ӻ˵ҸҲ˵ˣ˶ӵʱǹȥ񲻱ˣ


420 

Ҳû취Ӻжܼܲȣİ취ضѾˣҪȻ̫ҽҲ޲ߡ̫ƽʵӺֻҪңͿϢؾȳҲᷢң㡣
áܹ˵ɣ۱ҲûϵֻҪܹ㣬Ҳͬʱȵ˳ҾҲûйϵġӺ¶˾ġ
ȥ̫ƽȥϣ޷Ǻ˷̫ƽȻ̫ƽִҪȥ̫ƽ£ʲôµأ
Ҫ˵ֺòã̫ƽȻסӺ졣
ϸ۵ָӺ촽ϣʱӺˡ
˵ꡣӺ벻Լɻ죬ɻٵһգԴ֮Ҳôһˡ
̫ƽžԼЩðæջ֣Цһʱ鼱ӺҪ⡣
Ȼ⡣Ӻ̲סס̫ƽ֡
̫ƽһؿ
Ӻ֪ʧϷ¡
ͣſڡ
̫ƽӺӣŮװ̫ƽݰף˿̫ƽĨĨ
ܿ͵˳ǰ
ȻϣѾкܶ˽ˡ
̫ƽʱΪϸո뿪
ӺЦܱȸֱáҲ֪ڵʲôˡ
̫ƽЦŲ
ǣ߽ķ䣬ߵǸˣ̫ƽˡ
ΪǸ˲ǱˣȻԪ
ԭ֪ΣգԪִҪҲֻܴӦ
̫ƽֻÿֹˡ
ֻԪһƹӣǺɫĽ£´ɫĿӣббп忡ü
ƻľ۵ʽ̨ӳ˵
ʱԪҲ֪ˣǶΪСʱĹػ
һûµģҡԪʵ
ϵĳɫ԰ף촽ϡ
ಡѾһ࣬ѾѪɫȥһ㣬ǣһڼǿû
ȸ𣿡ͦͦ壬ԼЩȥ꣬Ҹ߹صȥ˺üţһⶼûлأòᡭ˰ɣ
Ԫҡҡͷ󽫾ܺã࣬Ҫġǡ
;ƿݣÿ˶ôһ죬Ҳѹ˵
ԽԽȻһѪӿ
̫ƽæǰһǿںѪ
ʱԪת̫ƽ
ʱֹͣˡ
Խǧꡣ
Ŀԣ̫ƽȿ޳磬ԭ
ӺʱѾвɵ˶¡
ԪֻǶؿ̫ƽû˵
૵̫ƽ̫ƽ𣿡
̫ƽ˲ᣬ˴ߣ̫ƽԲϣҲ̫
̫ƽʱΪһûǰ㣬Žܡ˵꣬Ȼ˯ȥ

̫ƽæڣȻֻҪҳܺá
Ԫ̾˿˵ⲡһˣ˼֮ã̫ҽǶ˵жˣҲҩÿҩȥ֮󣬳ֻжģֱԽԽءɼⶾǲҩʳ֮Уǲʳ֮У
Ӻ˵Ȼˡһ䲻ͺ𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷȥ䣬ֻǺһѣжˣһʱҶ鲻ⲡ
᲻Ǽ¯Ԫ˵ѶĨ¯Уһͷſ߰ѶУȼյʱͷųпóжԽԽƫƫϲϡÿնҪȼ㣬ôš
̫ƽͷҹȥҲģ԰ﳤ¯ƿ¯ǣûʲôЧ
ôʱ¯ûУӺҲ֡
Ǹ¯ȷģ¯Ĩ˶¯¯һ㶼ǲģµȼʱǾɵ¯ҾһȼաҰ¯֮󡣳ǵжɼǰⶾֻ¯ô򵥣϶бĵط̫ƽܣأ
ڷˣѵǳĵطӺ˵
ǣճɰ鱦ÿնỻµģҪ˵ǳĶǾֻһˡ̫ƽȻ뵽ʲô
ʲôӺʡ
Ǿǳǧ˿Ԫӵ
ԡ̫ƽͷ巢֮ĸϷǾͱĲõذѶҩĨڳͷƤϣܳߵ˶¯ס˶ٷ䣬Ҫжģ


421 ȸ

̫ƽϼ鳤ͷͿˣͷر
Ǻ£ЩˣͲǺˡ
̫ƽţ֪Ĩ˶ҩԭˡ
ⶾҩϴҲϴģΪȽн񱣬춼ϴͷⶾҩڣΨһİ취Ǹ÷ֻмͷ㷢л·̫ƽ˵
ҪͷôԸأӺ˵ͷһҪ
̫ƽ˵뾡ͷ󲻵á
Ԫ̾˿ͷΪһµġǸţϣϷһϷ
˭Ӻһ
̫ƽƺµ˭ˡ
ȸԪͷζؿ̫ƽһۡ
̫ƽ˵콫һֱأȻܺãǡҲڻᡭ
Ԫ˵ף콫˵ʲôֻ콫ȰϷβѡĿǰΨһİ취ˡ
̫ƽе㲻Ը⣬˵ȳʡ˵ͨء
ҲáԪչ˳
ˡ
Ӻ˵ȥŪԵġģĲܺá
˵л㡣
Ӻˡ
Ԫֿ̫ƽЦʵһҲͦõģͿͷˡ
Ԫתƻ⣬Ĳκòǵܹ֮Ѿҵ˰취ĲΪⶾҩͲͷϣֻҪܰͷˣͳˡ
ǰȻŮӰ֮飬ǣغᣬá̫ƽȰͬʱ˹һۻ裬ǳȵģҸݺˡûǣΪǳԶˣĲ顣
̫ƽл㣬ôġӹǱۻ裬һͺˣҺþûкȹôúȵĲˣ̫ƽã̫ƽûܳţ̫ƽԳ̫ƽôá̫ƽȴòһƬ
ֻǿϧʱ޶ˣȻ֪ҩͷϣôܻҵͷأ̾˿ǵĺˡ
ǳ̫ƽһ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲҵͷģôȰûã̫ͻϹҲġ˼ᶨԪɵغ̫ƽ
Ȼ̫ƽ֣ŵԪ̫ƽǸù㵱úϧǡ
Ԫˣôö˶˵˵
ʱ޶ˡ̫󣬸Ǵ͸ɡãûȢޣ̫ƽҲûˡЦ̫ƽͨûйϵģ֮󣬻ϿԴ£̫ƽȻˡ
̫ƽʵ㲻ģģаա
ҡҡͷ԰׵Ȼ⣬һӻ̫ˣ뱲Ӷ˼СҺˣ뿪硣ҲźġΨһźľûа취ԼɾһԵϣǿճɾ
̫ƽ˵ǡ
Ҫˣ̫۰̫ƽһͬģڻǱߡҶˣѵԸӦ𣿡ĴߣһĨЦ
ǣȻԪ֣ˣҺֻܹ֮ͨѣǲ鰮
̫ƽһؿԪ
˵֮ʲôģǹأ᲻𣿿㲻ҪٿķˣֻҪġٴѶԿ˷㲻Ҫ׷㰮ˣȻںġ
ԪȴᶨվӦúúϢҲܴ̫ãȥ濴İѷ˹ûС
ԪȻˡ
źȻ˵ķ䡣̫ƽҲȻһƬհס
˵ƢŹ֣̫ƽҪݰϾһܹܵġ
ʱӺѳԵ˽
Ӻ˵ܹ㡣
̫ƽȥˡ
Ԫϣ̫ƽֻİ߲Ǹ߸ߵı͸ˡ
Ƕǰ鷢еЩɣ
̫ƽ۵á̲סҪȥһ㲵
ǣû߽Ԫ㲵Ȼܹ㲻ҪᣬһҪô콫дšΪ˾ȳֻôһ취ˡϣ⡣
̫ƽˣ첽߹ȥסԪ֣ʲôˣ磬ΪʲôôĮ
Ԫ˦̫ƽ֣ܹб㲻Ҫҡ
ʲôûɣֻãԼĶҪˣ磬˵Һ㣿


422 ø

󣬴̫ƽĶԽ䡣
Ԫֻ̫ƽ˵ܹҼǻ̫ȴһͨǶҾݣ˵ⲻҪһʲô
·̫ƽҪվסȥϸԪⲻǿ˵Ļ㲻ǿ磬㲻ǡ
ܹ˶ǻġٻԸıһ˵־ȥҺЩ¶ṇ̀ǲɵ£㶼˰ɡԪ˵
Ϊ˾ңȥٷ˽ΪҲ࣬㲻һصǣԹٱ׷ɱҴ򿪣ԼȥͶȴһжɵ£ʲôʱĻأôأ硣ңղ˵һжƭҵģƭҵģ̫ƽҲˡ
Ԫ˵Ұ򿪲ΪͶܹ˺ƶνƶްհǸ߹Ļ̫ΪʲôҪ˽أԣҺˣֻȥˣҺûؾǶѣܹ̫ˣҷȰԺҪűˡԪ˵ǰȥ˵ĻҶ˵ˣϣΪԼҲãΪҲãҲҪҾˣڸȸдţϣԴӦڳķϡ
Ԫ˵ˣͷҲء
̫ƽûüˣͿʫˡ
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ҺܺáҺܺãأ˵ˣҵĶҪˣҺڻšš÷ݯЦ
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֪ڳҪȸжΪʵҲ䲻󽫾ˡ÷ݯѾԱ԰ԼװķĸԸøг


423 

ôأ䲻ϣ㶼ķˣȸΨһģʲôӡ̫ƽס÷ݯʵѵ㲻ԼķǳôˣǻйͬĶŮѵԼķ𣿡
ȻģǣΪãҲϣҡ÷ݯʵ
Ϊãϣ㣬ʲô߼Ϊʲôÿ˶ô˽ԼΪ룬ʵ֪֪㰮õģ̫ƽȻ˻ߵ˵ڶԼ˵ҲڶԪ˵
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ʹ
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ȸӢۡ
ֻǲ룬ϻԸȸֻΪְĵһźֻΪȸ
뵽Ԫ̾˿ʼд󽫾ķ˺ŮǳҪǶжϣԿϣšķ˺Ůһ½ġ
дúúˣѻǡ
Ϊ˼ӿٶȣΣԪѡʹѻ
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˵ΪҲҽ֮ǰҲסڶԺ̫ƽҲЩġ
̫ƽĿ嵭ҶԹ»ֻƽαȥͷأǰѻŮӰɡ
ӺЦȻԸȥԣǾȥﳯ⿴ע⵽ģòãҲǴո֣ȥɢɢģҿҲá
Ӻô֪鲻ã̫ƽһ
Դϴμ˿֮ϾͺЦˡĪǱµĲ𣿡ӺĿƺ
ûʲôҲᵽˡ
ͿôˣӺ̾˿ʵ˼֪ˡҲǵѡ
ôǵѡӦ׷ǣҶҪˣˣǻȥְɡ̫ƽʵ
á
ǰȥ
Ϊɽڵԭ򣬽˺ܶ࣬ǳ֡
ܰͳ˸̨Ƕڽϡ
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˵ˣǳ


424 

ź֯߰ٵȹӡ
ܰȴŽϲԽһ˫ɫëѥӡ
˵ˣлλɺһɽڵıȻλŮӣԸԵģԹˡǱֳǰףʹлƽ鱦
ǰױȳɲΪʹ͡ЩŮǲȱǮȴҲͷ¶棬ֻ벦ͷھǹŮе
ܵõǵһŮĳƺţպǻ޿кܴѡصġ
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ڸĸİٰҪ¹ˡ
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ѶԶԶѾеĴ尡
Ңɵǰȥ޷޲ƽ˵үҪȸߵͣӦһѶͬġǴҶ֪񳯷ѶԶں÷ӳѩôأʵ̫ƽˡ
ܰûشѾЦĪò񳯷˵Ȼþί磬񳯷Ҵˡ
Ңæ˵ܹﲢûô˵˵ġ
ô˵ΪýвƽˣˣءΪδδƽأ⣬⡣Ѿݣ仰ͰҢ޻˵
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ܴ󾪣̫ƽҲ֣ħôˣѵŷҲܵ⣿
Ң˵ҳ˵ܱǣʲôѵʲôҪΪܹ˵𣿡
ŷЦŵ¼Ȼ򣬾ĵΪʲôҪҪı䣬˵ƽأβŵµ˼
ܰͷǳֱȽ϶ġʵ


425 ٬

ʵΪҪŪͬĻҲбĵһģһĻĳ˶һóǼȻץΣץѵģʱϲϣĻ֣ץ򵥵ġȻԺܼ򵥵񣬵Ҫѵĸѡʵ൱ģͿôˡܰ͵
æ˵ү˵ĺܶԣԸȥʵְ񳯷лӺŷӵִԣҲҪҿõġ
ܰͷȻҶûˣôʼɡ
̫ƽû뵽ûܵĴ˾տ
ʱüʱͷɴϵĴ۾ԣϸָת
һֻˣֻˡ
񳯷ҪľڶγɵһۼЧ
ÿֻҪͬҪҪУ࿼һ˵Ĵѽ
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ӺЦܹ汻ˡõȷҪӮˣӣ⾩ǵһŮĪˡ
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ǳ߹ȥο˵ܹﲻҪѹ֮
Ѿһʲô֮֮ʲô
˵㲻ҪҲֻڰοҰˡǸʧߣӮңӦôһǡ
ѾЦţ벻񳤴ˣԽԽ̫ƽˣڲҲ˺ܶࡣÿǧҪ̫ƽĺ󳾣ͨضʹడ
ɫ˵㲻Ҫ̫ƽ㣬Ǳԩġ
ǲǱԩûźͻ˵ɡѾһˡ
ֱţҲͰˣαҪȥ̫ƽ㡣̫ƽѾˡϧҲҲﲻʲôæ
Ң߹˵ܹģһܸˡ
ŷ˵ǲǺѾ£ȥѵЫˡ
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ʲôҢæǰ
ʲôǴɴû˼磬ժĿɣŷ˵˹ȥ


426 һ

æ˺Ң˵ŷ㵱Ұɲ
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ȻŷڡͬҶһϣ򲻹ϵҢ
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ĺһԴ̫֮ƽΨһһԵŮӡ
ԭֻĬĬرǽ죬ʧصƻ㴿顣
Ԫ˵Ѿˡ
ԭӺ͵δޡ
õҲ˳һһӶõġ
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ոͷеΣѵ⣿
Ӻҡҡƿӣ⣬Ϊʲôû£̫ƽȴεأ
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
̫ƽȻоԼһ˫ס̫ƽңߡ
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ڱܣ̫ƽ˦˫֣Ӻֲˡ
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̫ƽ˵ԭһ֣뿪Ӻʼ˸ˡ
Ӻ˵ڣʲôô죿


427 

ǸղӺò̫ƽǺأôҲǣ֡
Ӻֻ˵̫ƽԲǸҰɣ
̫ƽֺôˣ˵Ҳ㣬ʵҲܿǴҶ֪ҵδ򣬿ǣȴҪԪ빲ڡӡڶǵİǰˡҶԲȣҲǸǷˡ
Ӻʹ˵ǵģӴԺǸǷ
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ԭﻹһš̫ƽ˵иֱͨһططӦò档
ΪʲôӺʡ
Ϊоֵˣûô뿪̫ƽ˵
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ҲȻ벻һߵӺ˵
ŷһһƉӡ
Ǹ࣬ü۳ɱ
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428 Ϊ

Ӻǹ΢Ц̫ƽļ˵㶼ˣҲΪһˡҲ㣬иˡ
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Ӻ̾˿˵ܹҲǱεģ㱾֤κ˴ľأøá
̫ƽԽˡԣҶԪ˵ֻһƷԱȥ顣
Ϊ飬Ϊ㡣Ӻ˵һҪΪ˵乫һҪɱ㣬ҪӺίȫĻ롣ĵ˾㡣иεҡ
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ŷ˵˵ûУӺľɡ
;ˣɣǲܹﱻ˺ġӺ˵꣬ߵ̫ƽǰԼ壬סļס
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ģҪȥļǿŮˡ
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޸ְ֮ǰӺҲһУҪڱԼĸо
ǣӺֻöԸĸо
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ʹźԼİŮ˼޸˱ˣԼİŮˣҲǸĥһֱǴΪľ硣
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429 

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Ϊס˺ܾá
ԼӦöио
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Һ̫ƽҽӺҽΣȻûģ̫ƽҩҽΡ
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òҲҪ̫ƽҲҪ檣ͬȢŷ׹Ц
ǡ̫ƽͨǵõ̫ƽôأŷ̾˿̫鶼ûãȥѵ𣿡
ŷ˵̫̫̫ͻϲѾãһ𣿡
ã˵ǡŷ̫ˣǣԪⲻþͷ̼䣬Ԫôǻ̫ﰡҹƣϲء
Ԫòűûǡ
ǣԪԽӻŷԽιүڸ˵û𣿻ưͣǻ̫أ浱Լǻ̫ˣô󣡺ߣԼİŮ˾ҪҵˣҲ֪źȥɣ
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ŷ֪Լ˵©ˣæڰ˵ûʲôû͵û˵
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ŷҶʲôҡԪ˵ĿΧ̫ƽ
̫ƽǿرͷȥ㲻˵Ҿʲôй𣿡
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Ůˣǿ
Ԫ˵ԣ
̫ƽ˵Զ˵㡣Σ˵㡣


430 

Ԫһ˵ܹţ֪ŷҶʲôΪӺ룬ǡΪԼ㲻Ӧöһŵ⡣
˼̫£ҿ̫Ϊˣô㻳ŵأ˵һİˡҶûе⣬ҲûѰϣԺҪٹҵˡŷҶʲôӺҴġ̫ƽ侲˵Ҫġ
һ̫£˺ԪģԪɫѾˣ㿴ֶֻˡô£ʲô
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˶ǻģ˭޷ִܾŵ׷󡣡Ԫ˵壬ӦöԼеĲǡ


431 

ŷҡ
зİڷ̫ʦΣϻ˴ɫĶӡǽϹһͼͼһýɫľ
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Ӻֻ̫ƽΪവӵˣֻԪһˣҲǿԵġ
á̫ƽûоܾʼѡһɫĵӣŵߣһ٣һѡ
һԱϣ̫ƽ̧ͷʵʲôӣĺܺ˸С
Ӻñֽдĸ֣١
̫ƽˡ
ĸֶӺдհԹǲٵġ
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Ңˣݷܵġ˵ةġ
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ܲͷ˵ףŮϲǼȹӣŮϲɫġ
ԪܴɫȹӣɵüëֲŮﴩɫôСûأ


432 

˵үǼȹӰˣαҪΪŮأ
ϵİģܾͰݱԪȥ˴
󣬴Ԫ˵Ǳ軵ģÿҶ̲ã
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Ӻ̾˿˵ֻ֪ǽʳȴ֪ᣬʵȻУҪͷأͨռҵĺӽŵǳʳֻҪڿ죬ܻ±ڿ죬ȴɱͷв
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Ӿ˿ӣ̣ҳˡһǳߵԺȥˡ
Ӻ˵ȥȥ⺢ӲԾѽ


433 

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ӾûԶ٣̫ƽ±ӺˣϾӡӺʳܴԣ׼ˡ
ӺЦȥȥ
԰
СӾԴͷɥһûһµŵϵСʯͷ
Ӻ߹ȥȻҲɨȥСʯͷȻСӾĽദ
СӾؿӺ
֪ʹ֪һôߵΪʲôôСʯȴôأ벻ѧأӺ΢Ц
롣СӾкӣȻǷǳȤġ
ǺãдãͽѧòãԺʯͷҲбӺջ
ӺջǷǳɹġΪСӾȷ֮ǰùʮȥдˡ
̫ƽ˷ǳˣôڷģ
ܼ򵥰СӣһͺãͿϲʲô͸ʲôȻȤˡӺȻһЦ
˵ĵҲǣԼȤܱǿҪãӺͦһ׵ѽ̫ƽЦ
ʲôأûкӡӺ̾˿˵ûкӣӺź
̫ƽ۵˵ӺԲˣģԭ¡
Ӻͷ֪
ʵӺôõˣһ˲ţĵԣͨҪȢһšϾѵ¡̫ƽҡҡͷ
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ôϰأ̫ƽ̾˿˵ʵ˵Ӿʵĺӡ
ʲôӺһĺӣİڶ𣿡
̫ƽ۾͸ѩˣӺʵһӣ⣬һǺİ˫̥
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ǵȻӺӦˣüëǽš
̫ƽվԺ͸ɴӾ۾ʪˣūϾԣϾˡҾ͸ȡӾҲһּ
Ӻ˵Ӧü
ĪӺ£̫ƽĵ˵
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̫ƽ˵˵Ȼˡ飬֪ĺӽΪӣһ˻˵ġ
Ӻ˵ҲҪӾ˼
̫ƽĿ˵Ӿ֮ǰһֱڽͷˣĸףҲǺģͲ˰ɡ
ҪӾģʾǶأȻֻһСӣҲԼ˼еġǱҪǲҲõģһ㣬СʱˣСʱҸʾ⣬ңҲܸоõʱԼûôţͷҲǳɬӺ̾ԼһͯӰԣҲϣϲĺһӰڡ˵ƽʱҪע˵Ŷԡ
Ҳô׵ѽӺˡ̫ƽЦ
ʵҲǼ򵥵ġӺҵܹѩ
ҲҪ츳Ŷԡ̫ƽ˵
Ȼ̫ƽͽȥˡ
ӾҪһˡ𣿡̫ƽȻʵ
Ӿ̣֪Ҹҡ
ˣҪ˵ģְġ̫ƽ˵磬ӺҪΪӣԸԸ⣿
ʲôǣӺүôĶӣӾһ䲻ϵġ
Ӻû˵䲻ϣӾһŵģôڷԷƱأ˵ˣƾӺĸĹϵҲ϶ġ̫ƽ˵
Ӿסˡ
ôˣܳ𣿡̫ƽһ
ܲܲҪӾȻΪ
Ϊʲô㲻һֱ˵ܿĸ֮𣿡̫ƽ˵
ǣְĲҸװӾ˵
̫ƽˡ
ְĶӾ˵ش󣬲κ˿Դġ
ѾһεĸˣҲһҵġӾ˵
ӺԲ㡣̫ƽ˵ֻҪӺŵˣͻӺְľͲһ
ôӺٺãҸסӾˣҶôְĲҵǣʵʵĲ˵ġ
̫ƽĬˡ
ӾȻ޵ôģӺˣš


434 ˮ

ܹܶǿ˵ģûйϵģӾԸԸҵĺӣҵĺӣҶúñչġӺзȵ˵ܹͲҪΪӾˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵֪ˡ
ӾͷӺ
ǡӺǳѵ˵ӾϣӰ֮顣
ôССѣ㲻ѹܴ𣿡ӾԴʵ
ᣬȻᣬҺϲѣһˣӺЦݣǳϡ
Ӿ¶ɵЦݡ
ӾЦˣ̫ƽҲ
ŷҸϡ
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һźɫǰһױ̨̨ϷźЩ֬о⣬һ״ɻƿͨ
ŷԼͷ
ȻѾ٣ǣֻҪŷ˵ãͻᱻų
Σһվȥᡣ¹˵Ļᡣ
ŷ˽²Խ־ˡȥᣬе˶Ϊߵء
ŷҧ˵⼸Ҳϸһ£Ϊʲô»ᱻ˷֣þԼ߽һֵ̫ƽγɽһҪɱ̫ƽɡ
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̫ƽܾҳĿ꣬һҪ٣ŷº޺޵ҧһС
ŷ̯̯֣ҲУѵû˵𣿽ҿҪӭȢܵģˣ񲻵ˣѵպһҪȢһٵŮ𣿡
ŷصذϣ磬ɳϢΪʲôҪӭȢһŮˣþã˹ĵλģĿ껻Ϊ˹ɡ
֮£Ůٹܡŷᷳ˵
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ŷæѴҶ˹ǿˮˣҸȥȵġ
ŷڰܾ
ʱѾԲѣ¹ڲŷҲǼˡ
һŮ˵Ůܲˡ
ȻŷΪ˾ˡ
ܵҲͻˡ
ʱ̫ƽڳϡ
ͷϿһӣѪֱ
Ϊͷѣͣײǽײġ
̫ƽü˿ڵͷɾɾ֮øɾɴס
ɴù̶Ҳһֱֲ
ʱ̫ƽڳǽǿһǽ򵥵޼ϴ֮˳ͷϡ
ǺܿܵģɷֹѪԾʹӦˡ
Ĺ̶˿ϵɴһˡѪֹסˡ
ǡͷʹѣ޲ȥײǽ
̫ƽһ֪ƫͷʹˡ
ȡ롣ųϵѨһ룬ٴ̽ķѨʹʴĺϹѨ
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ˣۣ˺ܶࡣϲ֡Ŵ͵ͷƤ̫ƽ٢
ˡ̫ƽ̾˿ǣڵĶûȥֻαθ


435 Т

֪̫ƽҪȰҼȥһͷǲǣˣעҪڴˣʵԼû̫ˣµӲùˣҲһֽѽȻֵѡ
Ǳģα˵ɥ㲢ҪǺҪġ̫ƽʵס˳֣ܿ죬󽫾ͻˡ
ˡһҪȥſҪߡ۾¶˾ϲϣǺܾöûгֹĶ
̫ƽοҲȽż
Ҳ֪Ԫȸдʲôţȸ
ôˣûյȸš
̫ƽҲȸˡ
̫ƽȥ󣬾Ͱ¸Ӻ
ӺȥʹԪ
İɣȸһšǣ⡣ٵ°ɡϾ߹ǣҲһôңԶ·Ԫƶ˵
áӺŲ˵˵ܣոճ¡
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Ԫüë΢΢һ壬ŷҲҪˡ
Ӻ󾪣ΪΣ
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ȥʲôأӺҡҡͷѾˡ
ҲܣҪȥܸṩˣҲ԰οο̫ƽ˵СҾ͸ܸˣѵһŲʵ𣿡
ܹ治ȥѾȥôˣʵҲҵģһ뿪ô̯£Ϸ˶߹ˣýĶ£ܾûһ𣿡Ӻס̫ƽ֣ȥֻԽԽġ
̫ƽԥţȷȥѵı
Ӻͷҡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ҳá
ʱϷѾˡ
õóֵĹŮˣû뵽ҲˣүҪǶϿһǳˡϷʵϵشӡ
ϷˡģܹﻹСҲˣȻڰοϷˣҲ޼ƿʩ
ܡǰԼڷ˭ж
ܣͳһɣ㲻Է˵ġˮ˺ܶ࣬ٲԷôأϸŰڽУ۾ƻˡ
ԪŭТŮԾͲԣܻ˼ҷ磬Ӱ˱ˣ
Ҳǲѵģ˵ѵҪǵŮ𣿡Ͽ˵
Ԫֱ̾
ŮТԺҲҪΪŮˡ˵꣬ںϹһ˿ȻԼĲҲȥ
һߣϡ
žƿš


436 

Ͽϵˣ
ܣôɵأϴ
Ԫ߽æܵӸϡ
ϱסܣһĺͺ
ԪҲżٲˡ
Ͽ˵Һö˶˵ŮǱ벻ģʲô⣬Ҳˣ
Ԫһԣ
۾
ĸΰɱŻﰡɵ¿ٲˡˣﶼϱܣǣġ޷Ӧ
Ԫˣܣ㵹˵仰ѽ
ϵԪһ˵ȥй㿴Ůɵ𣿡
áԪе޹ϵġ
̲ס޳Ժҿɸô찡ΪʲôˣһŻʲôأ
ӣ˵ɥžǺõġ˵ˣԹ㡣ŷݺ㣬ҪӦŷ£ڳɱ
йˣ˿˵ܲûʲô󰭡ҪúϢ̫
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Ӻ˵ϷˣϷô£ҲΪѹ룬һͦסġ
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ʱӺ󡣸̫ƽɫǲãɱϾˮһӵأѾȥ˲ΣԹ˲֮󣬾ͻˣͲٹˡ
лӺˡ̫ƽ
Ӻһڲ˵գԪʽΪ̫ˡ


437 ڻ

̫ƽһźҲһϡ
Ӻ˵ܹʵұӦøġ
㲻ңҳҲ֪ģ˵ҲǺ£Ӧùϲѵ𣿡̫ƽװɵЦˡ
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߽԰ˮȴˮߵɽ棬һ̲¶ݣӼɽɽ¡һСٲ
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ӺһԹĵ
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ܹ˵ҲõĽ֡ԪվˣȻȥɡҪпգȥ˵Ȣܹ£˽½ҲǿԵġʱ췹ˣϲӦҲôӦ
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ǣ鲢ɣո̫ҪȥЩ˽£ӦȸԼԼλ˵ɡ
Ԫ˵Тᣬһôȥأһôȥ̫أ
̫˵ϣʵ˵ҲǶԵģ֮ǰǼ¹ȥôˣ˼λôˣ۵Ƿǵġͷİɡ
ô˶ȰϡձҲӦˡ
ʱȻֳ˴¡ŷȻԸӭȢˡ
Ϸ˵ȻǺǵģŷŷȻŮܲˣôܹܸأ
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ȻҪϵɱҿ˾ˡ
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ŷЦ㻹еѡϷˣ


438 ҵĶ

Ϸ˲ˣβúأüû´ˡ
̫ƽ֪ˡ
һӹһӰӣһֻܿʧ
ϪˮݻƵҶ沨ʯͷ֦סȥ·ˮף˺棬ˮϼûʲôҶˡ
Ӻң⸱ҩϷˡ̫ƽݹȥ
ӺӹǰֽϺȻдһҩ
á
˳㣬ҸϷˣһţҺܺá̫ƽ̾˿˵ǳܲס
á
ӺҪߣͷ̫ƽӾһ̫ƽڽӾ֡
ʱ⾲ã빲
Ȼ˽ġ
ӺϷˣ̫ƽһ©˷֪ˣ񲻲ˣ

֦Σ૵ѡ
Ӻ˺ҩӣϷһȡѾ˴룬Ϸ˾֪ҩ̫ƽΪֻ̫ƽдôõҩӡ
̫ƽסӺϣӺȴ˵ϷҲûбʣֻлӺ˵ȥӺҲӦˡ
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λǰʵףĸףһỹһġ
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444 

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仰ܸжѡ
ΪʵǺܶʼ̫ƽġ
ľڷҡţ֨ѽ֨ѽůģ¯ڵľ̿յͨ죬ʱʱᷢſһ
һ춹ɡ̫ƽѺ춹ݸܡ
ӺҲ¯ϣ̫ƽĺ춹⵱ȻҪԣҪúõĳԡ
Ӻˣô̫ƽЦ
ҧһڣ˵ʲôǿ
˵ÿ˶ŵ㣬Ҳȱ㣬㲻Ǹ߹ˣҪǶԼġ̫ƽĳ˵
̾˿˵㣬ѵú棬Щ뵥˵𣿡
̫ƽЦҪӺ뿪һԲԣ
ӺʶȤ˵أġ˵꣬СӾˡ
̫ƽЦãʲôҪ˵ڿԽ˰ɣ
ý㡣ҼȻͬ׽ã˵ʲôĵطԭ¡Ŀš
á֮ǰǳԵģôЩϰˣ̫ƽЦ
ǣΪýʵЩ֡½Խܡε˵
˵ɣ˵ʲô㶼㡣̫ƽˬ˵
˵㣬ɲӺ빬һˣ
̫ƽһ빬ʲôأ
̫¡ڹ˵˳
̫ƽ˵ҪȥԪΪʲôأ
ѵĲ֪һֱҾͺϲ̫¡ֻǾüȻ֮䲻ˣɲԸأôҲҪȢ޵ģȢ˻Ȣء˵ţһЦ
̫ƽЦǣԪôأ
㣬̫²ͬˣһ԰õģΪʲôһأܿЦ
̫ƽãĺңɵվѲ豭ȴȲ¡
㣬Ͱһúòãٴΰ󣬡û̫ϲңⱲӻҲûʲô˼ˡ
ãȥӺ˵̫ƽӦˡ
л㣡
ҡҷǽϰڶӰӣ˿ķ룬ƺڶܺڰ׷


445  ˺֮ʹ

Ӻ˵ܹҪû㣬ǲȥģԪѡ㣬ҲܰȥˣҪȻġ
֪ǣҲһƬġֻϣȫѡġ̫ƽ˵
ϣԪѡʲôӺʵ
̫ƽһʵ˲ִ١⧲ʵǲ֪ôشΪʵǵִܺԪġȻҲϣԪܾǼȻϣԪܾΪʲôҪأⲻԼԼ
ԣ̫ƽĬˣʵڲ֪ôش⡣
Ӻ˵㲻һش㲻ԡʵǷǳϣԪܾģ־Լ顣
ôأȻԪѾˣ綼ҪġȢ˭һ̫ƽ˵˵ĶԣȢ˱˻ȢأҲãԲԸˡ
ûʹԪԸԸ⣿Ӻ̾˿˵
ԸҲãԸҲգѾ·չ鶼ҪȢģѵһӲȢ𣿡̫ƽͷʲôѹϡ
ܹﻹǺܹԪȢȢӺ豭ȴûкȣֻأԶ̡
ûСӺˡ̫ƽصͷ
ûᣬҿúӺ͸ǰ̫̿ƽ۽һĨްܹҲԼġ
ҵģһ𣿡̫ƽӺĲ裬ԼǺȥ
ˮܿ࣬Ӻ˵ܹѾˣǱΪ㣬ܡҪ֪Ϊ㡣
̫ƽ˵лתˡ
Ӱ˹¶
˷ܴʣ̫ƽ㣬ӺӦ𣿡
̫ƽͷӦˡǣܱ֤Ԫһ㡣
׵ġֻҪŬһҾͿġܵ۾ִš
̫ƽ˵ǺãȥӺɡȥ
ܱס̫ƽ̫лˣ̫ƽ㡣
̫ƽ˵ȥɡ
ܻϲϲСܹȥ̬ͺǳŮҸ
Ӻڻ¯ϣճ䣬ܹӺûпһۡ
ܸоӺһ
졣빬Ǻ㸸һȥӺ˵ڿˡ
ܴϲлӺ
ҪлҪлȥлĽ̫ƽӺЦ
ա
Ԫڻʹ塣
ӺˣԪˡ
Ԫһ΢΢̧۾
Ӻε˵ҲԪҴȥϡԪдһʫǳÿҴȥϼ͡
Ԫ˵ʫ裿ǺйӺ˵ʲô
Ԫܹݼˡ
Ԫ˵Ҫ
ԪӺȥϡ
ӺЦܹһңȥϲ̫Ϲأ磬ɡúչܹ
Ԫգգ۾Ϊβܹ̫أ
˵Ҳǲˡ̫˯ȥӺ˵ǺͶ֮ϵã磬Ϊտһܹ𣿡
˵ǻܿͳģᵢ̫õġ
ʾˡ
ԪЦܹɡ
ܼԪѵڽ
ǣӺԪˡΪԪ˵ǴӦˡ
˭֪Ԫרע壬Ȼһۡ
ܶԪ˵ʲôԪһŲشӦ
ܿˡ̫ĺò强ѵʲô𣿻̫˲ǣ
Ԫ˵ΪαҪ㣿Ǳʲôˣ
סˣðʵǣˡǶ˵񲻻𣿡
ԪЦҪģûҪûҪ˵㿪İɣ
˵̫ºαذѻ˵˺ˣѵҪ˵˵ݳѵˡȥǼģʱҲ̫ƽġ
ԪԭҪµġʱȻžһӵ˵ϡ
ܡΪҪᵽ̫ƽ
Ԫĺ̫ƽᣬ
ˣǺݺ˺ķΣʹ
ܻੲݵǵļ棬֪Ԫȥˡ
ЩԪ̫ƽĻ䣬ⳡûܡ
ֻԼǵûԼ
ˣ˵ˣҼԲãȫˡԪվæɣˡ㡣


446  

̫¡סˣһ㶼𣿡
Ԫֻߣƺһ㶼ܡ
ܿŽ̫ƽҪģ
Ԫһ٣ͣס˽Ų
ܵĶˣѵŲŽŲǰ˵һ˵̫ƽ㣬Ͳˡˡ
Ԫ˵㲻Ҫ飬ΪǡȾߡ
ɳӴ۾ܾԼˡ
ʹ¶ĺţЩͭĹ£µʯ׾̫Ĺȴ¡
˹˽ߣѾ
Ѿļ㷢ɢϻӰɫĶèһӺڷ¶Цãĺÿôϲ̫¡ϧˣ̫ϲȴ㡣ΪʲôأΪʲô̫ƽ㣬ȴҪİأͲø𣿷ҲҪΪñƽ
ܶ˶˵̫ƽҺܺã䡣ܽҲ̫ƽĹ͡㶮ʲô
ѾЦ˼˻ҪǮ
ʲô˼Ǻ̫ƽ㲻
Ѿ˵̫ƽĻҲѹҸɣҲΪ̫ƽķԪΪױдţΪһҪԪһҪԪԭܼ򵥰̫ƽ֪Ԫܾ㣬Ҫ㱻ܾˣŸ˰
˵ƨȻҲġ
˹ŭ˭ôĵӣ
Ѿֹס˰˹ЦãʵҲǺһǱ̫ƽ۸Ŀˡˣ˭̫ƽǿˣԪϲҲͰˣǣҪ̫ƽתŪˣҪ˵̫ƽã̫ƽĲˡ
ʱӺԪӲԶ·߹
ѾˡæŰ˹ˣǰ˵ãԶһλá
Ӻ۾ģ֪Ԫܾˣ룬Ҳãܸ˰ɣ
Ԫ˵ո̫»ģôˣ
°ɡӺ˵
Ԫܲˡ̫´ӦǿܵģһŮӼңһڹô죿
Ӻ˵¡
ʵ˵ˣߡ
ˡлҪ̫ƽԻصӺ
ʱ̫ƽĥɷۣȻһͳࡣ
̫ƽƵطͿϣбĸо
ˣ̫ƽذݷ͸ܣЦöȻҪͺýһ
ȴһ㡣
̫ƽ㣬ҲǱȲģҺÿˡܿ˽ȥ
ܡ̫ƽҪ׷ȴӺסˡ
ܹҪ׷ˣһɡ
ôˣ̫ƽ̾˿ιһƵġ
Ӻ˵ΪǰͬһˣȻǲܵġ
Ԫ˵ʲôˣ̫ƽһ
ϣӺʵ˵ʵ
̫ƽˣǲǺ˽ҲϣԪܣϣԪݺݵؾܾܡ
Щöٻܣ˸һ
ֱܼɵˣ
벻̫ƽĺѾ˵һҪͲİ
̫ƽϣԪݺݵؾܾܣԴʾ̫ƽ
ͷǸް
ûã̫ƽܣȴ˵Ѿˡ
ôأ̫ƽ̾˿ϧˡոһԵĺ춹⣬Ҫһ˳ˡ
ӺЦҳ¡ڸңҪ˰
ɡٶһ̫ƽЦ
̴Ʈһ̣ϱ紵ɢˣ¯ﻹŻ𡣿ˮڹ﷭һԵľͰĵƿӡ
̫ƽѺõһСȻӽ֥һ顣ں֥մˣһĺڵϷմ͡
͹ʼƺ͵ųԶ
ӺЦʲô
ը̫ƽЦǽӽƬ̣˽ɫ˵ζ乳һѾҲ˽
ˣӺԵúѾҲˣ˵̫ƽլʺϲ
ӺȻ˵ⱲӾá
̫ƽͷӺ˵÷԰÷ر硭
ܹ뿴𣿱ϴȥӺȻ˷
̫ƽȴЦҼǵãȸ÷ݯ÷԰ġ


447 ÷԰

ǰĸĸף÷԰໥˶Ӵ˶γסҲγһԵŮ
ֻǿϧˣΪְģһҽ֡
Ӻ˵ҲǣҲ˵ȸ󽫾ķ˶мӣֻԧ첻ɡǣҲ뵽Ҳһĺ֪ǻһһҲǿȥǻ
ôŮӱӺѡУ˵ġ̫ƽ˵
ϧûҲãҲգʱԵˣûз֣ҲûáӺЦôؿ̫ƽ
ĿһΧ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵Ӻˡ㲻ҪԼҲҪûԵ֣ʱŮû
𣿡ӺĿ⡣ȼϣ
ǵģҶ֪ӺжôãƫƫǸŮȴ֪˵ⲻΪûиʲô̫ƽЦŷʡ
νһůܹĻĶˡӺº͵˵ô÷԰÷࿪ţܹһȥ𣿡
ԡ̫ƽӦˡ
ôܲӦأ˭ܾܾһˣ
ң̫ƽҲѾܾúܾöûȥ÷԰ˡ
÷ڿ
̫ƽǵãСʱǣŸĸ֣÷԰ɢʱʱ⾲ã¹÷¹ﾲĿţ׸ĸ˫ֵС֡
ȸ˵ûһǳõģ÷һ껻һ꣬һһǲͬ÷÷ݯİȴ쳤ؾá
СͱִȻڣĸĸȴһþȫҪͯãǡ
ʵǲпģûȥ÷԰ǲȥ÷ļ䣬ٻǻֵͯ꣬Ϊ֪ҲǸаŮˡ
̫ƽڶȥ÷԰ΪҪԪ֮ԼԪ˵ÿĶ죬÷ŵʱһ˾վһᣬΪ˵Сûиĸףֻ÷˵
ȥ̫ƽ÷ôü˵ʲôأ
ڣ̫ƽһ˾ˣģ̫ƽƺҲˡԭ÷Ҳöġ
ֻҪһʧȥһУжԳΪѣΪѾߡ
ϣѾ߰Ѽᵽڡ
Ӻ˵ˣұ٣ӺǣҪᵽȥѾ˵
ҲðɣȻϲ̫Ũζζܵġ˼⼸գöˣ⼸ôûˣǿ챸ӣҪȥ̫︮ϼˡ
ǡѾǸϽ˽ӡ
ȥ˻̫﹬
ХƬ졣ԺͩѾҶӣߵݻһƬҲزסˡ
Ԫ轣Ӱ׷ɡ
Ԫôרעһʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪Ѿˡ
ƣԪͣ߹ȥ
ҵӼȫˣǹллġЦֻǣڲʱϡ񿴵̫ƽ֪̫ƽȥ𣿡
ԭʱ£ʱʶʵ̫ģˡ
Ҳһ˿ļ䡣
Ԫ֪ôش𣬳̫ƽԪҲ֪ġ
ǣ̫߳ƽȥ򣬶һ֪̫ƽ٣ͶһΣա
ԪðŸգΪŮİġ
Ҳƽ⣬Ц㲻Ը˵ҲáҲֻʡ֪һܹﱣúܺá
Ԫ˵л⡣
ˣˣ÷԰÷Ӧö˻Ƕ䡣Ļÿ磬һȥ˵ĿƮԶ
᲻֪ȸǳϲ÷
Ȼ֪ȸϲ÷Ϊ÷ݯϲ÷
ԪͷһӳţҲû¡
ǾͶˡ
ȥ󣬺÷ݯһȥ÷԰
÷ݯӦˡ
ҹ÷ݯһźȲ衣
÷԰ĵεΣȸ͸ֳ
÷ݯˣ޵úģǻ𣿻𣿡
ܱţϷ밲
˵ɫôÿҪȥ𣬲磬һɢɢġ
ϷЦ÷԰羰أǹȥˣǶ÷㣬ҲҼʶʶ
Цǿɲ鷳ɩ𣿿ϧˣӺҪԣҵһȥˡ
Цôԣûʲôأֲ
æ˵ɩ⻰˵ġǲ㣬ǲܰȥɵúܣȴòɻˣ


448 

ɣ˵棬һĲˡЦһ飬߹ȥסϵ֣ܽңһ׼ŮƽƽĴϡ
ɩˣǾˡһھӦˡ
ֻܣ͡졣
գ̫ƽǳɫʵ£ӭƮһ鷽īҪȥ԰Ӻ˵ȻС˺ܶѪϷǳǶȥϿۡҪȥ÷԰ˡ
û£ȥ÷԰ڣһʱǹҪ̫ƽ˵
Ӻ빬ˡ
ɽưô꣬û˻ôʱȥ÷԰ġ
ˣҲŲ
ʹӺˣԪͳˡ
ʲôˣᣬö˶˵ôСأӺʡ
ԪЦʱȥСӱסˣϴŭþСģҲ˵
ӺһְϷһװģӢô᲻֪أ
̫ƽĸ£̫ƽôܵˣ
Ӻһ뵽̫ƽĴ
ǻҲ˵ˣ˭ԼкӵأԪ˵¹˵˵񣬻ΪǸδĺʹļףȻǲŹģԣȻ׶༪ˡ
˵Ѿˣв⣬֮СҲлȨˣҪʲôʺ𣿡
Ӻ˵ҿǣ̫ˣΪ˺ˣΪʺ󣬾ȻԼ̥Ҳá
Ԫգգ۾˵ƶ϶Ʋ̫ˣȽȥʲô˼˵ɡ
ϲǣֻһ˽ȥˡ˵̾˿
ֻȥˣΪʲôӺʡ
Ԫ˵Ҳ²йأǾôģһ֪
ǻȰϴۣѾƣˣǰֵ㡣ܵ
á
Ǽ˿ʼۡ
˰ԪӺûеȵϹȥһһһ飬Ǳͬˡ
˳ϣƻϷһͭ޹ͨοճʨơ
ԪǸ޹ҡҡЦζôôŨ
Ӻ˵ǳоһϣ˵ȸ󽫾ϲԳ޹ߡ
ŶԪ˼ķ޹
ȻһӰ˭Ӻæ߳ȥ
һɫβȹһСͷȫֱݵöһָֻס
֪˭ˣ𣿡Ӻߵߣ˵
Ԫ˳ȻӺ˵ĺᣬԪˡ
ԪĿת÷ݯ
÷ݯΣӺԲڲܹϡ
Ѿ𣿹ȥʱȥ㸮ϣҲҼã벻ȴҪڳŮ𣿡Ӻʹĵ˵
Һܺãо֮ŮҲúܰгңÿҲʲôػ÷ݯ˵
֪˺ܺãѵϣһӾס𣿡Ԫʵ
Ȼˡ÷ݯ۾ﻺʳᣬڵǻ֮꣬һġ
˵⻰ʱ򣬷紵÷ݯڷмż׷΢΢š
Ȼݽȥȴǳǳϣ۾
һֻҪϣĴټѣȻҲҵġ
ʱ÷ݯ
ȸ
ӺȻҵ˵ҿ÷ݯסҵĸ˵УֻһŮѣʲôɡ
һĪסҵĸϲʵҲûп
֪ٵʱ˶Һܺãѡ뱨չ˵ʵҲܾá볤ȫӺе˵
ԡӦˣȻҪˣҪһЩ
͸÷ݯһ֧ҡ
ͷϣ㱾ͺȥͻ˵÷ݯһ޵·
ǽҡ÷ݯͷнذڶţϵİٻͼߵһƬɫãϵĺЬʱҲԵøۡ
÷ݯò˼
̾˿˵ȷȱѹ󽫾һ۾㡣֪ܲ÷԰Ҳڡ


449 ǰ

÷ݯһҲڣ
ǵġš
վ÷ݯߣȸĿȴԽҹͣ÷ݯϣӴԺȸоֻ÷ݯҲûбŮˡ
һ۶飬ƾ
룬ûг֡󽫾᲻ĿͣڱϣΪҲʢװ磬ֻϣ콫ܰĿͣһ¡һ£ûУܺģ񱾹ֻϧ˵飬ȴ滰Ǳ˻ΪжαȻԼϧ֪Լ
Ҷ֪㲻Ҫ˵ˡ֪󽫾ĵģ󽫾ѡѡһΡ÷ݯʵ
ˣ֪ȸѡٴΣѡĶ㣬ĿʹûҵͣЦֺαһδεȡأ
ǡҴ£Ϊ÷ݯε˵
Ҳóİ˵ɡʵڹȥȸʾϲҲҪǿȻܶ˶ȰǿĸǲҸģǱں֪ĲںֻҪߡﶼǱŮˡҲףİһˣҪҸ
÷ݯʵ룬Ϊˡ
ݯݯ·̫̫ߣʵʱ᲻ڣѡĲȸǻϡ᲻Ͳҵˡʵ
ԭ׷÷ݯֻҪ÷ݯһͷ£ɽһЦ÷ݯûУ÷ݯʼվֻȸ
֪ϻԸȸɵҪ޸Ҳҵ޸˻ϡǲǾͻ᲻ݺȸˣҺҡ÷ݯڿ˳
ַ÷ݯļϣ૵ҪޣҵһֱܼǿһͦȥģҪǻҲ㣬ֻҪĵͿˡ
á
Ůƽһ̹ͽˣȻͬͬһˡ
Ϸһư˽룬ʢһ˱ѡ
̫ƽ⣬ż䡣ĺڷٲй£ɢʣͷϲһٻȹ
϶˱ڳš
Ų
ܹ㿴˭ˣӺ˷ܵ˵
̫ƽֻһ̧ۣĿƲˣ˾Ȼ÷ݯ
ôˣ㲻ǻסڳ𣿡̫ƽ£첽˹ȥס÷ݯ֡
ǣˣԺҶˡ÷ݯݵЦݡ
Ϊʲô̫ƽĿӺ
Ӻ˵ѾͬסڱĸˣԺ顣
̫ƽϲˣԺҿ쿴𣿡
ǵġ÷ݯҲˡ
˽һ
ȥóԵġ̫ƽתҪߣȴ÷ݯסˡ̫ƽҲҪóԵģֻҪͿˡ
ܹ˰ɣóԵóʵϲʲôҶ֪ҷԸȥͿˣܹﶯ֡Ӻ˵ˡ
áҾͲˡ̫ƽЦӺķɣǲǾסҵĸأ
÷ݯͷĿ̫ͣƽϣƺô˵ȹȥԲһЩȴԵøÿˡ
ǣȴȹȥˣҼǵʱǾǵһŮĻ϶Ķ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ȥ»ʲôأѵĻɲҪ÷ݯ˵ֿ
̫ƽݹȥ˵ⲻ㣬֪ģⲻ㣬Ҫǣֹ˵ġ
ⲢҵĲΡ÷ݯӹ˲۾
ٸҹμȸȸȴЦȸڹ¡
˶˵ȸΪ߸ŭ˻ϣϲŽֻ÷ݯ֪ҪȸԭΪʼɡ
˵ⱲһŮˣİĻǸ˾ֻ÷ݯˡ
϶ʼ÷ݯѡȸʱڻʹϵǷɻĶϣա
÷ݯľܾ˵ѵһӻȲһӣĻ𣿡
ϣ鲻ֹȸֻĳӣҵУȸȴҵ硣÷ݯ˵
޻ڵġϵ仰ڻʹǽ˻÷ݯڵĶĤˡ


450 

ûãϾͰ仰ʵˣϴݻȸһУȸһй֮ҲȸһĵĴ󽫾ݻȸ͵ڴݻ˱߷ݻ˻ϵĴǣʼѾûϷ衣
÷ݯĺˡ
һжѾ̫ˡ
Ӻͳϧϡ󣬿ȸҪնˡ
Ľϰȸŵ˱߹ء
ͬȸȥġΨһĶӡ
һ÷ݯ˼⸸ȡ
žеԼһҹ֮䣬˺ü׷
ӡǶҰɣҲãǡ
ôܹءû㣬ҪӦùҰɡȸʵ
ţһġ
߳Ĳݳ˵·ԣⷼ䣬д˱ˡ
÷ݯԸӣһһ̣ȸ˵ˣ㲻Ҫˣȥɣҵġ;ǧһ𡣡
·ô·ûҸ֯··ô죿ûҸů¿ô죿ûҸļ˵ÿҪҵļ˯£Ժô˯أ÷ݯʵһһε¡ϡ
ȸס÷ݯ˵ˣûУ֯·Ժҵ·Ҷȥûů¯Ҿƾҵ˫ֱ紵壬ûԸҹҹʧȥ˼ҲҪ˯ţΪ˯ʹġ
÷ݯ˻ߵشе
ˡҶԲ㣡ҵĻһģȸ˵仰תˡ
Ĺŵϣ÷ݯͿȸӵıӰһһʧ
÷ݯɲŹ÷ݯɢңҺ󣬻ץˡȴ
÷ݯֻίˣԼΪū澡
֪÷ݯū澣ҲԸĻʺĻ䣬ңӴ˲
÷ݯˣ̫ƽ
ԭȥġ÷ݯĽ̫ƽѾˣ̫СܶЩ顣
˵̫ƽǱģԭһеʼٸǻϡǻһУǻϺǷ޷룬
̫ƽսȭͷ㲻£һǱһۣ
ǧҪһ˵£㲻ùܣҲϣ㱻ǣֻϣܹȵĹӣһ֪మһӣ𣿡÷ݯˡ
㶼ˣôȵĹأ̫ƽؿڶһŭƽ
Ҫ롣˵һ˵¡ȻкܶˣҲпȡ֮˵ӣΥͷġ÷ݯЦ˵ˡ㿴ҲǺúõ𣿡
Ӻ˹Ҫȥһˣ֮ǰʹ»ûꡣѾ׼ˣʱǻ˹ġ
á̫ƽͷӺˡ
Ļ˸оϷһġ
÷ݯ˵ʵӺĺáпǹԼһи֮أ
ڻᣬһҡ˵ˣҶ԰ûʲôġ̫ƽϾܾˡ
һŮӼôԲأôԹµһأǲԵġ÷ݯ̾˿˵
ǣھ
÷ݯҲͲȰˡҲ֪̫ƽֻԪ
ϡ
ˣѾֳ򣬰ĵˣٻɫĵƹⱻ紵һһεģһظС
ԪӺͳԺĲϯϡ
ճĲ
˵ʹոյϢ˵ʱ￴̫ҽ֤˵ڽȥ֮ǰĺ̥һжǺõģǼ֮Сˡ
̫ںԣòǱ˵İɣӺŭ
Ǳˣ˼Ҫ˵Ҳûа취õϡԪ˵
ܾãҲȨƵĻʺ󣬲ң۾֮һٺ»̫ҽûҪΪһ˽ȥð֮ΪֻΪһǮֵá
̫ҽĵϸȥԪʵ
ǳ̫ҽƽʵֵģӲ£ӣϲǱġΪҶšӺ˵
ô྿ģ˭кӣüë
Ԫ˵⣬ŷܻش𡣡
ŷʲôϵʵ
ȥŷŷ˾֪ˡԪ˵꣬վ


451 ŷ

ǿֱȥŷ𣿡Ӻһ
˵Һһȥ
ˡԪ΢΢һЦһȥа취
Ԫ˲裬ˡ
˵ʲô취
Ӻ̾˿˵ʵǽ
ŷҡ
̴ľڷŴƮԺӣһƬ֮ɽСء
һϣһֻŲϣһֻŴһһεġ
ŷ׾վ£΢΢ͷЦһΪ㲻ˡ
ΪʲôһЦЦܽˮš
Ϊ˿°ŷϼ޻̽˵
Ϊʲô˵أιҿǸṩӺı鱨ЦժƬ֦ҧҧ
㲻ҪҪЮˡòӺı֤ݣֻƭң㾿ʲôˣҵǺ֪ŷ˺۾˵
ǽذ˫ֵԺ󣬿ϡ۾˯ˡ
Բǽô򵥣㻹һݡŷа˵
ôŷ˾һʲôأЦ
Ҫ֪Ͳˡ
ŷҲʡ˭ô޴˱¶Լأ˸Ƿƺ˵
ŷսȭͷȻҵļңã㻹ȥͳȥȥ𣿡
Ȼˣ´ǺĵġЦŷĲһֱ֣㾿ʲô취С¼޻ͷأУһҲûãΪʲôҲΪĵˣɱأ
ŷЦԭϷܡ
ǵȻѵһ𣿡һƬҶﴵ
һƬ򵥵Ҷһǳ֡
ŷŭܲܶɣϧҲ֪ˣﲻ㴵ֵġ
ŷҴ֣ҲǸŷġһҶϹ˹Ʈɳȥ
ŷ׻Ӷ˫֣䣬죬ٷϻӺı֤ݽҪȻ
Цң£ҾͰӺı֤ݽ㣬ҪȻҾͲ˵ɱˣҲò֤ݡ
ŷŭˣһȭϣҡҡҪˡ
һתȵվ˵ϡЦʣҹⲻȥҲҪⲻȥѽŷϵˣ಻ѽ
ŷЦȻŷϵҵȻ¡
䣬ŷ׿סǿô˵Ҳ֣ôһȻˡ
֣ŷ˹ȻǷ
֪ͺãҪȻһڷҸ㣬Ը㣬Ҿһֻϣôסŷ˵ţһȭͷǹؽڷ
Ŷһһŷ˵书ˣ뿴ŷ˻ΪֻϣңЦЦʣͬˮ
ŷɫĿ˵ȰòҪԣΪԹҵյˣûһڻš
˵ģҸһˣûʲôȺãϲսδ֪Ķһ֪ŷ˵书ʲôģһԣ첻һԣҿɾźˡˣ뱧ź뿪˵֣
ƵĿŷ׵۾ŷЦδɵëӣҸͲ㶷˵ʵҵ㣬ܵñҵĶ飬ĸԣӺı֤ݣҶã˵ˣҾͷɣԺʲôҶٹ㡣𣿡
ŷںСҪʲôҲܲ˰ŷ˵ܹȦȥһֻ񡣡ٴιЦЦŷ˵ǼЦ
ŷŭˣһʯͷУһʯͷʱ˷ĩлĻ䣬㿴ûУ˼ӲʯͷһѵҲʯͷһ𣿡
Цѽܸŷ˱һգ㱻Σ˵ҺþûжˣҲˡŷˣͳȫһҰɡ
˵ġָ㻹ܻţ㲻ҪڡŷѾ˼ơ
Цѡ
ŷٶȣȻȭ


452 ץ

Ҳûֿ죬Ҳֲסŷٶȿ졣
ŷһƴϡ
ȥֵŷ׵ĵڶƾʹϣɳȥһѪ
ŷ书ȻҾŷǲôߵ书ġûǣΪԪ
ԪСʱŷײȥ棬ŷ״ˤˤȣŷ书ôߵĻһôѵõŷأôܻˤ˽أ
֪ҵ˰ɡŷЦ
㲻ŷס϶˵
Ϊʲôô˵ŷ׵۾һ˿衣
֤ԼŷףѽſҿҴûнˣ֪ǲŷˡ˵ȥŷ˰̵ġ
ŷ׹ЦΪʲôҪţƫ
˵Ͳŷס
ǲŷס㶼ûл˵ˡŷ۾ڳһ˿ɱҪǲӺı֤ݡô벻ŷˡ
Ӻϣǰһɫɫĵľﴩһľϡ
̫ƽָľϣҿʼ١
źɻڶĻɨڡ
÷ݯ˼̿¯
¯Ļ͸ȣӶůůġ
̫ƽ֡
ָ¶ڿУôٵȷǺױŵġ
÷ݯ취úúǻ̫ƽ֡
ͣˣ̫ƽ˹Ӻ汧ס÷ݯ÷ݯϡ
·ϵë̫ƽúܰģ̲סš
÷ݯ΢۾̫ƽƺξ̲ס˵𣿡
ǵģˣһֱڣԶߡ̫ƽ૵۾̫ƽԽһ磬Ǹ磬иĸġ
̫ƽϣȱΪ̫ƽŰһѹ
ؿǰնԲˡ
֪ûϵ÷ݯס̫ƽʵϣ
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ͺܺˡ÷ݯס̫ƽء
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á÷ݯ̫ƽôҲ
Ӻˡ
ôˣǱߣ̫ƽʵᱻϽ𣿡
̫ҽߣɲˣƻأϾһŭδѽӺ̾˿˵
ǿô죬ʲô취𣿡̫ƽضš
ûа취ˡӺ˵˭Ȱ϶Ϻǳߣ̫Ҳ⡣˵Ϻ̫Ϊ³أ̫˵£˵ƷǻȴҪһһɣžġ
Ϻûӹӣʲô洦أ̫ƽ˵УһҪ
ܹǧҪ¡Ӻæ˵õİ취ǵȻϲٺͻϺú̸̸ȱס˵
ѽֻҪϲɱͻлŵϣ׼Ժͨء÷ݯҲ˵
̫ƽ˵ǡҶѽ
ȥʹ￴ȥŷҸϣڶûżأҿҪȥŷҸϿˡӺ̾˿˵Ӷô£Ҳƣۡ
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ӺӹҲʾͰ˿С
÷ݯ˵ӺͲǶҩ𣿡
Ȼ£ܹôᶾɱأܹԵĶǺö
̫ƽЦӺǸʶģҩ衣˯úã
ϧҲ˯úáĺõĿһ첻ƽҾһ˯šӺüëѾüˡ
˯ɣżҲûðҾӺھóȻŷң˴ݾ֮⣬ʲôôأԪǴɽݹȥģʧҲû˻ɣԪҲʧѽŷǸƻ֮ˣóȻʧģΪҪǵһݻ᲻ͬʱʧˣʲôӰ졣̫ƽ
ӺЦܹһ˵ȻʣĶˣȷ
Ҳֻ˵ԼҪү̫ƽǫ˵ܰæҲңסĸˡ
÷ݯ˵Ӻ춹Ҳɡ̫ƽģܵλء


453 

һ˵̫ƽģӺϾ͵ͷͳĻҾͶԹˡ
ôó԰÷ݯЦ
ȻˣܹȻ˼伫Ʒ˰֡Ӻһɨա
÷ݯݹȥһ̫ƽ̫ƽӺϣǸĩȥһ
̫ƽҡҡͷˡ
ӺӹԼ˲Ҳˡ
ӺȻȥʹˡ̫ƽ÷ݯ
̫ƽӺĺãǹһ£ܸҹ˯÷ݯЦ
̫ƽĲɣҲûлӦ
ĪڵԪ𣿡
̫ƽͷŷ׿ɲͨˡ治֪ôˡ
÷ݯҡҡͷ㻹
ϾҲʶһܲϣɡ̫ƽˡ
ô𣿡÷ݯһ
ʵԪŷ֪࣬ŷ׾ͲҶˡ̫ƽ۾һã졣
ǣһҹڴɴǰȻ˺üֻѻи̫ͣƽ̽ͷһЩѻ̫ƽϵõģΪǶԪѻ
ѻеôż϶Ԫˡ
ΪЩѻԪʵߣԪȥѻҲȥǳʱҲԪˣѻŻʧȥ˷򡣶ѻ̫֮ƽΪϳԪ֮⣬̫ƽǹϵˡ
ѻ֪һȥԪģôܲȥأ̫ƽϴ·ԺЩѻΧ̫ƽת
̫ƽ֣Ǿ̫ͣƽϣ̫ƽЩѻ⻬ë˵Ƿġ
÷ݯˣЩѻҧġ
̫ƽ˵õЩѻǶԪѣҲҵѡ
ȻЩѻܰ÷ݯҲ˹ȥ
÷ݯ˶ڽЩѻҲȥǡ
̫ƽҪȥôˣ÷ݯ̫ƽõ˵
̫ƽ˵ӺûлԲԣȥ˵ӺȻһȥŷҡ
ⲻðɡôˡ÷ݯĵ˵
ԭϣӺҲҪȥѻǶˣɼԪĳˣٵȵˡ̫ƽ¶˾ġ
ѻʲôϵأ÷ݯ⡣
ΪЩѻҳԪģֻҪԪţѻͲߡ̫ƽ˵
ȻˣҺһȥɡ÷ݯ˵
ˣչӾ꣬ңһûµġ̫ƽ˵˳ȥ
ҹɫ롣
̫ƽͣӺſڡ
ûãӺˡһ۵Ӻ¹￴׵ģ̫ƽӣһӺ
Ӻ߽˵ûл֪Ϊʲô
ô죿̫ƽʵ
ΪʲôӺʡ
ΪҪһȥŷҡ̫ƽᶨ˵
˵ȥŷҸϻݾ𣿡
ûа취ˣȥԪûѽ˵ˣЩѻΪǵ֣¾Ȳˡ̫ƽǳġ
ǺõģܹġǣӺҲ
ͬһᣬйŮģ̫ƽЩΣǴʱҲûбİ취
Ϊ̫ƽŮװȥװӺġӺһĻƱػ˵Ļɡ
һ𶯣̫ƽûȣӺĻ
Ӻûбܿס̫ƽˡ
̫ƽȴƿӺ̫ƽôӣӺЩʧ̫ƽɻԪ
ܿ͵ŷҺ
ֵֻ£Ȼŷְ߳ġ
ôˡִΪʲôأѵŷְĺϻȥʲô£̫ƽֵʵ
ְһֱ͸ŷ׹ϵܺãôŷ׸ҲѽӺ˵
ǣƫƫѡԪʧϡңְδؾŷ׵ˣְı߶͵ġ̫ƽ˵
ܹƺְ˷ǳ˽⡣Ӻ˵˵
ӺǶְĺ֮ǡ޲ýְǧС
̫ƽ֪ӺְĵĺޣͲְģ˵ӺǿԽȥˡ
Ӻͷԥ
Ӻ𣿡̫ƽʵ
µܹ㲻Ҫȥ˰ɣҳӺĵ˵
ӲˣԪŷ׸ɱѽǲȥѻҲӺȥʧȥѻЩǵʱӺֻҲˣ˷۱𣿡̫ƽҲǵһθˣûµġ
Ӻ˵£ѻߣҪҡ
̫ƽ˵ҪӺһͬ


454 ҹ

ϡҹиͣ
ŷҵſˣүǴȥ
Ӻ̫ƽһۣ˽ȥ
ѻԶԶͣڴϣ̫ƽƣǲŻɽ
ŷҸϵȣ¡̫ƽ棬оǳ졣
ĴҲرࡣ
ÿȣڹ䴦
ȵеϣ
̫ƽɵվסˣЩ
ôˣӺһôˣ
̫ƽ˵ûʲôҾЩУǳŹ֡
Ӻȴʲô
Ȼ˼ǰߡ
¹
ŷԺһƱ
ˣӺŷûվǰĿվƱˣҸʮһرʺƽʱôȾƵƷ
ӺЦŷˡΪ˺Ⱦơ
ӺȷǵԹˣҹŷŷЦΪʲô˾ǿˣϷҪ֮ꡣôӺҺȣ
ľƣҺȲ𡣡Ӻ˵żɽɣ
ŷ״󾪣һЦԭˣȻıҡ֮ǰͻɣǲͶӺ벻ȻģҪȻҲҹΪϷ򡣡
Ӻսıŷס֪ͺáҪˣ㣬
з紵ɳɳڼžҹԵúֲܿ
ŷ׹ЦӺ£̸
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ŷЦϷȻôɱӺӺġ̫졣ϷͲˡϷҲɵľͽҪˣϷҲ֣ûС
㡭ϼ޻ӺŭˣǱգҲǰġ
ŷЦӺʲôɱϷ𣿷Ȱ㲻ҪΪ㲻ϷĶ֡
ӺЦȻǡǹһ㡣
ӺĶȤǣԸӺ̸һסŷ˵꣬֡
ūһ޲סʲô
ŷЦӺҪϷԸ㡣ϷӺͷ¡
ԭ㻹ҪӺĿϬ
Ȼһֵ˶ӣϷ򿴲ϣӺͷֵǮˣǿɽǮϷȻҪŷվ
ǲˣΪȥңͿԵõɽ𣿡
ŮѾ˻ˣֻҪ󶼲ˣԪֻǸСӣϷСɽֱֿɵãв㣬ˣôô׾ͳȥأŷ˹Ц
Ҳ˵Ӧ㡣ҲҪɱ˱𣿡Ӻ
ӺղҲ˵ˣҲĿŵɱ㣬ԲƳӣӺ˭Ҳ˵ӺϷɱġʱҲûа취Ϸŷƶ
̫ƽǸӣÿֲ
Ӻ˵ôʲôأ
ʱ򿪣ѵ㲻ԸӦ㲻𣿡ŷױ˵
ҪԼķʽӺ˵꣬Ȼǰƿһ
̫ƽѸٵݹȥһʯӺӹ˻
̡һ˻
ҹֱȽϴ󣬻ͣġ
ŷ״һʲô
ѻûУҾͲѻջˣŷһҲӺ˵̫꣬ƽˡ
ʲôŷæȥ˻
Ӻ̫ƽûܽŷҵķ档
ǣһ˼طûпӰӡ
Ҳŷװ˺صĵط̫ƽ˵ѻһ԰ҵ
áӺ˵òҪһǷͷ±ȽϺá
һŷ˻鷳ģߣѻͲ̫ƽˡ
ûйϵҲŷססҵԪӺ˵꣬ƿ̫ƽ
̫ƽͷʱӺѾˡ
ˡ̫ƽʱǳ֣ѻǿ˶˹
ѻȻûþһҵԪ
طŷı棬ƽ˹ȷء
Ԫ廨ţȻǰһ̫ƽ˽


455 

ôˣߣΣաԪ̫ƽһ仰Ȼ
ҹǾġ̫ƽ̾˿
Ҳȣ߰ɡԪ֪ԼԵúĮĮ̫ƽ
㻹ôӲ̫ƽҡҡͷ
ңôģԪʣ̫ƽûбˣѻڻǿˡ
Ӻһġ
ӺԪһɲõԤС
̫ƽ˵㻹ǵԼɡ
㾿ûģҶ˵Ҳϲ㡣㻹ң߿߸ߡ
ǲԪô̫ƽ⿪
Ԫ̫ƽһů
ǱǺĮ
һȦһȦ̫ƽǷ˺ôľŰ⿪
⿪̫֮ƽŷԼָͷΪĦѪˡ
ԪҲαװĮˣ鶯֮¡ץס̫ƽ֣ôˣæ˺Լ·̫ƽָϰְ
һȦһȦ̫ƽԪӣ˵ﻹҵģ㲻Ҫװˡ
ܿɬΪ̫ࡣ
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Ԫ˵ϾߣҪȥӺˡ
ҲߵģҸӺʱҾ͸˵Ҫ̫ͬƽ̬ȼᶨ
Ǹ鷳Ԫˣң뿪֮һΪȳӺġ
ҲţĻѻ˵̫࣬Ѿ֪Ҫһˡ̫ƽס˶䡣
Ԫץס̫ƽ֣˵˵һܾȳӺģһҪ㣬ֻһ˫֣Ҳ־Ӻ־ģڣҿ϶ҲҪġ
Ԫ˵˵ţصȥ
ΪʲôԲңҡ̫ƽǿ˵
ôأԪ̫ܿƽĿ⡣û㣬Ҳʶһôܲأ߰ɣרһȥӺŷײģҪȻ˶ˣ
⻰̫ƽȥˡ
ãӦңӺˣҪƽƽĳ̫ƽЭˡ
áԪĿƺ԰̫ƽڻҴӦ㡣
Ԫ̫ƽһȥɣϽصӺȥǡ
ſڵȲ𣿡̫ƽߡ
ΪŷôúŪſڣҲ֪ġ
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ĿԣֻּഥĶӿһ顣
Ԫ룬Ҳλ£Ҳ̫ƽҲˣھͶ࿴۰ɡ
ôˣл𣿡̫ƽһ
ûС߰ɡԪתͷ
ǺԶģᡣ̫ƽˡ
Ԫûнͣ룬ҲŻɡ
ˣôҲˣҲá
̫ƽ߳ȥԪĻһһ߻Ӻ
ŷϡ
ŷѾץס˵Ӻ
Ԫ˵Ӻ
ͷӺ㣬Ҳʽסŷ׽ƻ˵
ԪЦɲ㡣
ŷ׵°ܽ㻹Ҫһ𣿡ŷЦ
һΡΪ㣬⧲ұʱѾ֪ôƽӮҡԪЦ
һԡ
ŷ׵Ļ䣬Ԫͷȥһȭȥ
ŷû뵽һȭѸ٣ûӦȭͷѾϣصذˣֻͷҪѿˡ˵ϡ
ԪסӺ˵ߣߡ
߲ˡŷ׻ڴˡ򿪣ų
Ԫȥԭ澹Ȼ߳һֻϻŷ׸ϾȻϻԪ벻ġ
ߣӺ˵ϻͣҪң߲ˣ߰ɣƾṦߵģҲܶģӺ
ˣ߲ģֺαװء
ʱϻѾ˹ˣԪƿӺϻ
ֻϻĺͣԪҲˣϻƺӺײģʱʱؾͰѻӺ
ԪЩûˡ
ʱѻȻϻһġ
ϻƵƤ۾ϹˣѪܵġ
Ԫûγһѵϻĺʹ̹ȥ
ŷףõѾûˡϻԪذףվ


456 Ժ

ŷû뵽Ԫô˵㲻ֻһ㾿˭
ԪŷףӺ߳ŷ
ԪҲѾˣȻӮˣȻ˳һ˫Ⱥһ֪ԼܷŻصӺ
һҪͦסܹأڵ㡣Ӻ˵
Ԫ̫ƽһҧǰߣܵ£ܵ£ٿ̫ƽһۡ
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ޱ𾢵ҡӣЦŰСսǷˣӺǰó̶أūȥ
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ūҪԵģūϳԣޱӹھͰѻ̫ƽˮ̶ȥ
̫ƽվ˸һѾϾȡ̫ƽϡ
ӺˡϾ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽһôˣ
ԴԪ֮һֱӺҲûиˣ϶֪أӺżΪԪһֱԲӺһֱ²Ԫûʱ̫ƽˡ
ޱٵ˵үһﱸүŪͻɣ
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̫ƽҡҡͷ㲻ֱڿںԺáΪ˸ȥǴˡϾ㵹һ鶮µġ
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˵С㣬үˣС㼸ʱȥӭأ
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457 

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ԪôˣΪŮб̫ƽûȥӺ˵ԪѾΣաֻǻܹ
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̫ƽ̾˿˵лӺǣӺΪǵġ
ӺЦܹﲻҪΪ飬ΪĸԸġ
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ѹһ֡Ӻ̾˿˵Ҫܹȥܸԭ
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һӡϹݸڵ
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ʱԪƿ̫ƽĮָסüۣҪҡȻ˵
̫ƽ˼ؿԪҺ㡣
ԪͷȻң߰ɡ
̫ƽ˵ߣϣߣ
ԪԲԣȻ
áˣˡ̫ƽǡͣס˽ŲԪûй
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ȻûߣѾˡ
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Ҫ˷ˣҲˡԪϵĶҲѽ⿪ġ
̫ҽˣӺˣ˱ǾԲÿ˰ڲģ̫ƽǣ̫ƽԿġ
Ԫм˵Ҳ޹ءɲԺ󣬶Ҫ̫ƽأ
Ӻһôˣ


458 ֮

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ӵһضľġӺܴ󣬼װһˣ棬װЩͱ졣
ҳһ·˹˵·鷳ǸһģСĳߴ硣
æӹǼ·÷ݯ͹ˣǽİɣҿԵġ
̫ƽ·÷ݯҪԼ
˵ˣǹ˵ˣ̫ࡣ
ǰһ·һʲôġһء÷ݯΪѵɫ˵ɣ·һİɣˣҵ·
˵ţͳ˼µݸ
Ҳˡ÷ݯЦˡ
˿լʺ񣬴Ϊ롣Ц
ǳɫɴڽɫĹϡǽŵ飬ǽ߻һ޺һС輸
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ץͷϵΣԼʹ˹ȥѪӿȴȻŵڵϵ˫ûõЬӣЦϧˡ˫Ьûá̫ƽԲ㣬ûа˫Ьˡ㡭
˵꣬ڴ϶
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ǣҲشˡ


459 һ

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460 

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ӺԪļ˵ǿ֪ʲô𣿡
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Ԫ˵ܹ𣿡
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̧ܹ̫ˣû뵽ںں̫λá˹ġԪЦ
ѽҺܹİ롣ȻΪλøôۣͲӦȥðա̫ƽҪðյ㡣ֲʲôˣҪ㸶ۡ
ܹ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ֪ҺԸһûȰ˵ģ˵ʲôûõġԪᶨ˵Сÿ
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Ӻ˵ܹʵ㣬ĺϲ㣬㣬ҾͻȥҶĸԲǴ棬пҲҪˣϣ㲻ҪðգһҪðգôҪҲˣһ߲
ӺǺοأܹĸһ棬Ҫ̫ˡԪ̾˿˵Ȼ֪㶼ΪǺá


461 ӵ

֪ȣһǾǵҪҲǳȥȴҲûпǻҲ뵽ʱڣΪʲôûסǡһ·һӣһ£ǲҪòãӺʹ˵
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ԲǱģǸǰһҵЩٱͻץ̤һӺǲݾܾ
̫ƽˣӺңʱһһӵģ
һӣҲѽҡӺ˵
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ôȥҪץ㡣ȻѡһߣͲҪȰ뿪òãԪᶨ˵
̫ƽж˵ãǾͶһ𡣡
Ԫ̫ƽǰߣʿ̫ƽ֣ǲҡ
ڽš


462 ں

ÿԪ˵ʿֻóһ·
ߣһΪӻûеļڣϹͺͺģҶȴŨŨ̵ġ
Ԫ̫ƽ˽ȥ
һƬɫ
Ҳ֪ǻȻûһסá
ڰһײģ̫ƽ˹ȥ
Ͱϴƽճ֯¡
۾ˣĽͶһƬӰȴҲˡ
һ˫鶯۾ͽëǽëգʱ򣬾ͺȶ
Ҳ˾޻ˣһġ
̫ƽס֡ˡ
̫ƽ˶ףԸϣ֪䣬Ҹ˶סû뵽ոպá
ΪĸŮġԪȰܹҲˣҪˣӦóûϻûϽ뿪
̫ƽȻǲԸߡҲߣҪĸ׶һ
Ԫǿס̫ƽϡ
ſڣȴֽͰΧǡ
ϴȺ˳ȣΪߵõ𣿡
Ԫæ˵ϣʧĸҲһۣ֮飬ˣֺԿܹˡ̫ƽҪȻ˻˵ϲ׵ġ
ϴŭ󵨣£ɲָժ̫λãǲ𣿡
Ԫ˼Ҫ°Ц
̫ƽ˵Ҷ𣬺̫ûйϵҪͷͳͷһ˰ɣ˵ˣ̫ƽǳͷң᲻ʧȥġԼŰ죡
ǵԽԽˣôʹޣ޲ʹͲ˵㣬˵ˣޡ
ϣôģΪɱҾû֪ĻѻһĴҪǿ飬㲻ҪΪˡͿ˯ȾˣҹʱͲ¹ס𣿡̫ƽЦ
ǴݲȵЦݣ򶨵ֱûϺ󱳶亹һ
㡭㡭̫ƽ˵ֲҶ̫ƽôˣΪ̫ƽĺӣٶĺӲã᲻İҹɹϵأ
ϵȷ֪һʱҲҸֻ˵Ѻȥ޲뿴ǡ
˵ǿץҡץ̫¡̫ƽǰ϶źˡ
Ҹ㣬ץ̫£ھǰʱҿôҹĹ꽻̫ƽη塣
㡭㡭ô£ȷй꣬ʱ̫ƽôһ˵Ȼ˼
ԪҲû뵽̫ƽͼ仰ϾȻ³ĵ̫ƽ
ǣԪû˵ϣʵôܹҪɱˣúܹȷһ˲šѵϻ棬Ⱥǻţ֮ɱв֮ˣô֪ܹﲻҳڻأ
ⷬȷû϶ˣ˵ãǸ鷿лҪ˵
Ԫ̫ƽһЦ˵ͷԪ̫ƽ˹ȥ
鷿һҵطϣķ꣬
Ԫ̫ƽ߽ϴ
ʵ˵ʵ޶ܹͨôˣҲˣܹͽˣڣˡĺʹģ޲ʱ⵹ɺһ㣬ֻҪܻԲǿҲźΪʲôֻеʧȥʱ֪ܹŮ޾ΪҲԸɱܹˡϾǷ֮ɫ
ҪʹǰˣĴ̫ˡҵĸĸסԪ˵
㶼֪𣿿һ
ǵģǻҲԸ㣬֪ÿ˶дģ˷ʥ޹ԼҲдѡˡ˻ϣҲܹˡˡԪ̾˿˵
˵Ķԣ޵Ĵ޺ĸĸסллˡޡϵϾȻᡣ
̫ƽһξãҲǱ߰ʵҲǶô¶ˡ
ǰ̫Ӻ̫ҲǷǳں޵ġ
ĸлңôϷŹ̫ƽɣ֪ģ̫ƽûʲôһΪ˴롣ԪϿҵ˵
Ͽ̫ƽ˵Ѿˣ̫ƽ޲׷ˣӴԺҪͨͨ㣬ƽƽĻصȥˡ
̫ƽˣ⻰ûʲô𣿡
Цܹܴ޵ȻȻȥɣԺ뵽ٸ˵ǵãǷһ顣


463 

ǵĻϡ̫ƽֱš
߳鷿ʱ򣬻ʹﻨ
̫ƽȻܺãΧһжôá
ͷԪЩۣȻˡ
ԪûˣҿԻȥˣǲҪ˵Ļߣ̫ƽ졣Ȼɸܸˡ
ԪЦǣֻǻû׼Ҫ˵ʲô
Ŷԭ֮ǰ˵Ļǲǣ̫ƽˡ
Ԫ˵Ҳ֪ϷŹ㡣ʲôҲһǺܵء
ô˵ղԪǿЦˣ
̫ƽôԥԥģ㡣Һˡ̫ƽˡ
ܹܣҪ㰲ȫĻȥġӺ֪ƽһǳ˵ġԪæ׷˹ȥ
Ӻʲôϵأ̫ƽͣͣ
ԪѾߵ̫ƽǰ̫ƽĿֱֻرܵصͷΪӺϲ㰡
ҪøӺҺ㣬Һ㣬Ҳ뿴ˣ̫ƽˣԪôУ̫ƽҲûͣ½Ų
Ӻû뵽̫ƽƽػˣһ˶ϺȾƣԼȵࡣ
̫ƽʱӺΪԼΣ˵̫ƽģȥãҲҪһȥõġ
̫ƽܸж˵ʲôֲʲôˣΪʲôƽ޹ʵҪΪأ
ߺѾʹˡҲҪߣһŻʲô˼أ񿵶ҲѾ˻̫ˣҶԸɩɩԸѾɣ׷ȥˡӺ˵žʹϰγذףԼĲӾҪĨȥ
㲻Ҫɵ˺òãǺοأʼնûϲ㣬֪𣿾Ҳûа㣬ΪʲôҪΪŮأͲһŮˣҲ𣿡̫ƽ̲ס˵Ӻذף˵ϡ
ⷬʹӺģҲΪʹӺӺЦ˵Ķԣ㣬ûаʧܡʲôòǵġһŻʲôأ
̫ƽ˵ûãѵΪϵ𣿡
̫ƽĮɨӺڵϣǰҺûãʲôԼİ˶ˡ
ŵ岢ֻΪ˱ˣҪΪԼһԼҸҪǰеϣڱϣòã̫ƽ˵ȥʰ
ӺϹ˵ܹҪȥʹ𣿡
̫ƽͼ򵥵ذѻʹ﷢½һ顣
Ӻ˵ֱšһ漣ֻк֮¡
ڸϴܾˡҾҲܹⲻȥĺܸлЩҵıչˣǼȻҿ԰ضˣҲͨңҾȰȥˡ̫ƽϸ˵
û뵽Ӻȫˣ㲻Ҫ߰ɣҿԼģ˵˻ϲһĴӦŹ㣬˵Ժַˡ
ӺϷˣҲ޹ء㲻ΪҶģҸղž͸߹ˣϣúһ롣벻ͨȻϧûйϵˡ÷ݯСӾҲҪߣǸһȥ̫ƽ˵ߡ
һȥӺֻȫסˡ
ǵӺ̫ƽѾߵȣһ
ܹ
ʰҪȥ̫ƽ
Ԫʱ˹ܹ᲻Ӻ̫ˣ
ʹʹӺҸ˵ĹˣСԪҵ²ܣҲһʲôżȥġ̫ƽ˹ȥ
÷ݯ֪˺ܸˣ̫ƽڿԻض𣿡ҾͲȥˡ÷ݯԥ˵
ߡ̫ƽǳִŵ˵㲻ߡ㣬һŻʲô˼أ
ȻôִţҴӦ㡣ֻסһʱ䣬ԺҪġ÷ݯйǡ
ԺԺ˵ɣӾȥʰȥˡ̫ƽ˵
ΪʲôҪ߰ӾȴǺܿģﶺŪѻ
ѻԪѻأӾûһ͸ѻúϤˡ
ӾӿҲѻԪ˹Цҵ񡣡
Ӿ˵ôôѻ
ΪϲѽѻʵкܷḻġԪЦȻѾȥˣͣ棬ǰɡ
̫ƽȴԪһۣҲ͡
ԪЦ𣿡
̫̫ƽʰ


464 

ΪӦ̫ƽĺ٣÷ݯҲʰԼ˹
ֻӾڸѻô˽̫ƽЩĵ˵Ӿ㲻Ҫѻôѻ춼ء
̫ƽɵˣϾѻѻѻҰıСӾţԽѵĳ棬̫ƽɲ뿴ʱӾ
Ӿ˵̣ѻں˵Ĺء
̫ƽҡҡͷħѻѻˣѻôܸ˶Իأ
ҵѻɲ¡Ԫ۾
֪Ǻǲðյģ̽Ҳ̽
̫ƽȷ̫ںӾˣȻ̫ƽҲϲЩѻǱˣ̫ƽ룬ΪԼĺӣ̫ƽǷǳĵġ
Ϊ̫ƽеաһ㶼е
ѻǣˣϣ棬òãӾѻ˵
ѻȻĳ򣬱ʾӦ
ĳӣһ̫ƽóԾ
Ԫ˵˵ҵѻͨԵġ
Ԫĳѻ̫ƽҲ뷴ʲôתǰߣ÷ݯӾ͸˹ȥ
ſڣȻͣˡ
̫ƽ˵ԪĺˣǡɽӺҲԸ
̬ѾĮˣǣԪ˿⣬Ƶ˵ǺοأǷӺ黹Ƿҵ飿ҵĻأ˵ˣȥҪȥɥ£㲻ܲȥʹ㻹ҪҵġѵǾ𣿡
ôԪ˵Һ㣬Ҳ뿴㣬㿴Ҳ㡣̫ƽ˵Ӻ
÷ݯ˾˵̫£Ҳ֪̫ƽʲô˼ʲô˼ҶϣóͳҪһһŮˡûһϲ˺ԶԴġ
Ԫ˼ĵͷ
÷ݯӾҲ
̨ؿԶˣ
Ӻ˳׷ȥɡҪúϧҪһʵܹ˵ĶԣʵҲã̫ƽҲãϲңǱ顢һԸͷȴԼ˺ܹۡ˵ģʱҪȥѰԼҸˡ
Ԫ˵ܹ˵ʲôܹûһӾͨأ
ʵҲûʲôֻܹ˵һʵʵȥԣܹ˵ȱ԰ˡӺ̾
ԪЦЩȥҲȰ壬ǻ岢ɣû뵽ܹһ˵ˣԿɼŮӵ
̫ƽܼ˵Щ˷ܣΪڿټİˡ
Դϴλһ̫ƽûٿİˣҲ֪İ˻ˣ˻ǰˣ
̫ƽȻǷǳȴܹȥڿٴμˣ̫ƽôܲأ
һʥּҲѾ͵˶ʾ̫ƽͨϢ¶ܸˡ
Ϸˣôϰ̫ƽȥķʰϷԤУ̫ƽջ
ϷſţȻͣ˶ſڣ̫ƽ۾ֱˡڻˣڻˡǴҶôѽϷˣÿ춼ˮءͰ͵صء
̫ƽ˵ȥϷˡҲϷˣҲÿˡ
÷ݯӾģ߽ȥ˵ֱһȥɣҪ£ԺļңҵļңȻ̵ļңļң㲻Ҫÿòã
ӾŹַ÷ݯ
̫ƽعͷЦǲ£ǶܺõģҵļңӴԺ󣬱Ҳǵļҡ
ӾЦѵԺĻм𣿡
Ȼ̫ƽȴÿ϶
÷ݯ˵̫ƽôǽǰ
̫ƽ룬Ц̫æҹŻȥˣûأȽҵѡ
ҺӾʲôϵأ÷ݯʵһѪ
Ҿ˵֮Ҳѡ̫ƽ˵
ѵģϷ˳Եζ࣬˵Ϸ˿϶ỳɵġ̫ƽ붼û룬̫ˣһС÷ݯ˵
Ҳ֪Բûп̫ܵƽ̾˿˵Ҹôܺأ
ʱӦɡϣ㸮ϵϲǣҲסĳЩҲԳõĺ̫ƽһ𡣡÷ݯ˵


465 ض

ϣ̣ѾǺųɶӣɨɨأ̫ƽһá
̫ƽǵĵͷ
÷ݯūһȻӣҲŵͷ
÷ݯȥķˣ֪ôڹϣáǻֺҵ󣬿񶨹ȴǾȻ򣬿ɼǲġ
ӵк¡ȻЧ£ȻҲǺѹġ
̫ƽһͷ㷢¶ɫĹߣ۵ĶϹһԲαʯõɫȹɢŵĻ㣬ˮ
ȹӭӵġ̫ƽļĸϡ
ϴһ֯£ʵͼԵúϲһᡣ̫ƽ̫ƽȻˣҹ
ĸס̫ƽסϵ˵ЩҲڣˣ㶼ȹȥˡ
̫ƽ㵹ԵñȹȥһЩ㳤ˣӺ㼫áóֱĨ۾
̫ƽһЦӺȷǸˣǳʱ򣬾ǲԲҲֵܳ߳ġ
һ仰Ӻӡ
Ц̫ƽݡҽϷſء
һͭǽţͭǰ棬˺ܶΣʽķͱֲֻܱס
ϷһϺɫɫ¡Ʋ£ϵŵɫĵӴһ˫¹Ƥѥׯλѿ̫ƽˣ۽ǵֹס̫ƽ̫ƽҵĻ
Ϸ˶̫ƽ̫֡ƽײײ˵ϷĻҲˣĸҲ㣬㡣
úӣ㶼ȥˣʲôôҲĻϷֵ
̫ƽʵ֮ǰҵʹҶϲҸϹϵú˶ϳͷԾûмŹĸˡ
Ϸ̾˿˵ҲǿˣúӣͷùɣҲǧС㡣ǳԹģڿ˫־Ȼ˺öӣˣ
̫ƽ˵ĸۣͷˣȻһһҪԸĸҩĸİͷͷ
Т˳ĺúӣһľТ˳ĸϷ˶˵պиˣװ׵һŮ
Ҳ˵ɲǣ
̫ƽ㡣Ȼһӵ̫ƽӦⲻ
ֻüĿ㣬⻬һӣС죬Ŷƶ£һȦëͦů͵ġ̫ƽأһֱΣϣܹ̫ƽͨ벻γˣ̫ƽ㵱ͻصˣĶҸ
á̫ƽܽرһ
褺Ҳˣһɫ磬֯¡һٺɫ£һȣϴһ˫ɫƤѥ
̫ƽ㣬ٲҶҪȥˡ褺ʵ
Ϊ褺ѧҵ㡣Ѿǰ˽ʿҲһʿٹ꣬ͿȥμӵԣҲ׳ƿ״Ԫˡ
˶˵褺϶ܿϵġ褺ţѾǳߡܶ˼ҶĹý˹ýϣܹԼŮ褺㶨ס褺㼰ھͰŮ޹ȥ
褺ΪĳӣǸҪͨŬȥþλģ褺ǼȶġδĶү
褺ʲôͻһС褺ȴûƫƫҪȥ顢ϲ汾˵ԸƾյõĶ
ҲǴСլĿȾ褺ϲ˼Ҳø
褺ĳѾͬˡ涼ˣȻĺȴԶʤ褺ġ
Ϊ褺ֻһش
̫ƽЩһһ棬ȻϷ˾˵ӿҪˣȥó̫ƽԣȻҲѾ׼ˡ
̫æҲ֪һҲʱٰ죬ޣ㲻ҪǡϷ˵
ǶôãҸ˶ôأ̫ƽЦ
Ժɹһص
ģӿ
һСĵɱһ磬ˮ־͸׳ӻõ
֮󣬾ˡ
̫ƽȥƣһֹС͵ԡ
񣬰̫ƽ֮֮ǰУЩǰ棬ⶼϷԸ̫ƽ֮ǰôҲô
ˣλ˭Ϸ˾ʵΪϷ˾÷ݯЩϤ
Ůѡ̫ƽش
Ϸ֪̫ƽ˵ѣǲûнҴ


466 ž

÷ݯȥˣͶϷһô᲻ʶ÷ݯأ
ʱǨ÷ݯѾΪϷ˻ܴ㲲ɣϣյĹ⻪
Щƾ紵
̫ƽ⼸ʮر͸㣬ϣܻһӡϷһʱж˴װϻóһ飬ŵ̫ƽ
ĸȻ˽أô͸أ̫ƽӡ
岻ˡ͵͸ļױǰ͸㣬ϣ㲻ϷЦ
ĸôأ̫ƽʵ
Ҿһҹˣ͸㣬ǰ͸ˡܼõӱϷ˺˵
ˣ˵ô˸ˣտǿĵӡĸҾͽϷӹôҿĿġϴȤ
˹̫ˣ˵ǽҪһԷ
һԷϷ˿̫ƽһҹЦŵΪ˳ԷΪ̫ƽɣ
̫ƽˣĸǵģȻЦŮ
ʱϷ˿Ӿ⺢ӣΪʲôİճһģһأ
̫ƽ˵ɺϣƵ˺ܶأĸİںδ
֪İ⽻ҪưõģҲһֱڶˣƽǳʲôҲʲôǴʲôҲʲôÿʱҪҲˣҲܾɣסһˣҲİˣˡϷֺǺǵ˵
лĸ̫ƽ˵Ҿĸңݼڡ
֪ͺãСУǶҵĺӡ
һѺɻڵʯϡܺ񣬿һЩ̿ľȥʱī֭Ҳᶳס
ůǽͶƺаѻǽȼաϵľҲ͸ȣ⣬ʵܶࡣ
̫ƽںڵͷ֮УźɫĶԽ£ü䣬һ߽Ԫ
Ϸ˺áԪüޣһ۾΢¶ƺҪǰһж͸
Ϸ˴ŴҪԪԪڰ֣ض񣬶Űɡһ̫ƽ
ʱ̫ƽѾͷ
ԪԶƣ˺
ǣȴԪֿ̫ƽ
ûԪ̫ܺƽǺýá
ԪܾͿʼʼ̫ƽˡ
ϯʼˣ˵һԷʵǣԪֻǹ
Ԫ͹ģһĵ
ϷЩ֣ƽ޹ʵ˵Ϊʲôأ
ԪЦ֪ܹϲ˵ϣȥƻᡣԣôյƣϣڶܹԿˡ
̫ƽʱˣҶĿͶ̫ƽϡ
ϷЦô˵̫ΪǼ̫ƽ
Ԫͷǡ
ô̫¶Ǽ̫ƽʲô뷨أϷʵҲɴࡣ
̫ƽ˵ĸ
Ԫܹ̬Ļ̫ƽԪףҲʧΪһ׮ԵϷġ
ԪЦΪŮ֮ģȢ޵Ȣ̫ƽ
ϷЦˣȴټ˵ȥһЦ
Ԫ仰濴ƺڿ佱̫ƽʵȴڸ߱ˣûҪӭȢ̫ƽ˼ڻû¾
ҪȻĻشܸɴ࣬ǳޡ
¶ҪȢһŮˣ˵ͻеǳˣϷǳôεˣô˼
Ȼ̫ƽҲ֪Ѿˡ
ϯԪˣ
̫ƽصԼΥķ١ĺɡī㶼ˣ̫ƽ޸ͣ
̫ƽֵǿʲôûұǿ޵ĵǻˡ
˵ޣ಻ǲˣҲˡСӦø˲ǣԲԣ
ĺ˵٣㵹ãС㣬һȥӺĶܸȥǸռС㣬㿴ⲻ𣿡
֪ǶúˡҸǽ»òã̫ƽ˵
ʱ÷ݯ˽΢ЦҺá
ɻ˵ʵҲ֪˭ɲū澣С㶥𾴵һˣֻܽ˾Ϳˡ
˺áĺɺīе
Ҳá÷ݯһЦ
һб۶¡ܺõİչʾվһȵ÷
Ӿַڱ󣬺ܲȻվԺ̫ƽкŹԺİһģȻİհȥϷסˣӾסİյķɡ̫ƽԸ
̣Ȼİսŵһ㣬¶˹


467 ˫̥

İգ̫ƽ۾ˣůİգ
̣Ҳΰɣ𣿡İճ嵽̫ƽǰ棬ס̫ƽ֣̫ƽȴһѰİձ˻
İպ̫ƽԲ̣Ұ·Ūʪˡ
ûϵİաôôС̫ƽۼˣ·ϣǺģİȴԵС
ʵϣ㲻֮ұñǰӵСӽˡİյ۾ѩѩģӨ
Ҫ£Ժһߡ̫ƽٴΰİ§ס
̡ǲԶ𣿡İ̧ͷ
ɡ㳤Ҫ㳤󡣡⵹̫ƽﻰ
лл̡İջôƸУ̫ƽһ㻰İոжӯ
λİǾˡȻһƵ𣬡̵ֲţŮܲף㲻֪𣿡
˵⻰ȻӾ̫ƽÿҲ֪ΪȻһĸ˫̥òҲ൫ԸȴȻͬİյԸԵõСһЩӾȴǱȽ󵨡
İջعͷһкӣȻװͬòȴԼһģһȻǷǳ֣̣˭
ֽӾֵܡ̫ƽе˵
ֵܣ̡ʲô˼ʲôʱиֵ𣿡İһ
ȥûУԺֵˣԸܵ𣿡̫ƽ΢Ц
İסˣƺҳ˵⡣
㿴ĺ׼ȷİҿˡҴСͷƾʲôȴҪʳʶ̣ȴҲ𣿡Ӿ޺޵˵
̫ƽ˵Ӿİˣİյӹòá㻹ӵɣ˵㱻˴򣬿İҲĺʵǲġ
ԵıҺãıҺá̫ƽĻӾЩηǻǺܲ
һĺ˿ܶණԵҲʣʣʱڽͷãҲԶٺõǲǣ̫ƽĵؽ˵ġ
÷ݯһԿţ̫ƽԴǣĸ׶źһĺаġ
÷ݯѾ˽ۣ̫ƽǵͨġ
ãû
ӾѾ˵ˣİ֣ãӴԺҵĸ硣
İҲȥӾһץסİյֻ˻Ρ
İպµ˵ʲô
ӾЦĵСͺˡҽܡ
Ҳѧܡİæڰ֡
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ʲô䣿˵ôŸʲô䲻Ǵ𣿡ӾЦ
İüͷ˵ĿҲеɣҪȥˡУȻ̻ˣҪȥҡ
ʲôңӾ˫ֱء
ڸϷסһҪѼҰסѽİս͵
㲻ðˣķѾռˡӾڰ֡
İռˣⷿӱסģҪøסĽһ㡣
Ҳͬ⡣Ӿ˵ڽϣǷ˭ס˭ġ
İ˵⡭
̫ƽӾͷ˵۸Ŷ
Ȼİ˵ͰѷӰӾһסɡ
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ѽǱֵܣסһҲûʲôԵѽôİ𣿡̫ƽ˵
⵹ҲûУǷҲͦģãҾΪסɡӾ˵ĺһ
İƣͬʱҲֵͦ˼ġ
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İպӾסһ̫ƽְһСڱϣ˸˯һŴ
ѾԸ˰ԪĵȻ󶼵ĺĺڵģЩɢůٻɫĹ⣬һһԺӺȡԶԶȥһ
̫ƽˣȴ˲Ԫʲô˼ڸգùˣӶҵˡҲһ¡֮֡ʱȥˡ
ǣܿôȴĵᣬԪ̫ƽܶ룬̫ܹҲңΪ
ŷңԴϴΣԪӺ̫ƽȥ֮󣬸һƬǽ塣
ŷҲˣϿŷмûϳôˣŷ׾˵Լ˲˵ҪҪ̫ҽŷ׾˵Ҫ
ŷҲûǲȷˡ



468 

һѾܾûмˣȷˣΪʲô
ŷЦΪĴۼһ±ûˡ
ģ޿֤ˡϾ˵ǲǼ
ŷһϲǻϣȻһ۾Ϳ롣
ŷ׿ɲܳ£Ȼû֪֮¿ɾͲˣϾǻϵˡ
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ŷ׵ͷǣϣֻǡҲΪ˵乫
ѹס˵˵ɡ
ŷ׳Ͽҵ˵Ȼ׵ǣԼŮȷ˴¡ΪϵһһŮĶŮС̫ѸߣؽȥˣͲܹһ˫Ů˭ܹĸϵĸأԣΪ˻Ӻ͹룬ܹˡշųΪӡ
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ŷ֪Ѿʱ˵Ļֻϵŭ㲻ˡ
Ҫʼˣһ磬̫ƽ˶ĸλ̤ɥ·
̫ƽĹײģţ³ˡ
ĸ̫ƽԼʵǶԲסȻûʼʹҴ
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ҲˡóڻУвٵλġ
ΪжãΪòĶԶõġ
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Ҫ˵Ϊĸ׸Ե͵ҲǸġǻ˶ĸҹ棬ָôء̫ƽҲЦˡ
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469 

ӾסˣܹϣҲõ̫ƽİο̫ƽȴסİգԱһİսȥˡ
٣Ͻȥİ漦İգĺӣҪһˡͲҪȥԺﴵˡ̫ƽ̾˿ˡ
⼸Լ뿪İգȻ˲ûпİգǣϾҲġʶҲûкõȥİԼǸСĽģʲôҪ⵹áİڵ㲳ˡ
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470 

ĸΪָҪأֻһͨˡ̫ƽ÷ݯݱ¶ƺϷϬѾڸһС
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ҾͿǵ̫ƽ᲻ӦԼһҶ÷ݯ֮֮飬÷ݯƷԼ뿪ǶġϷƶ˵
ΪʲôһҪ÷ݯһһҪأǸӾΪʲôİճôأӾʲôݣҸо̫ƽΪһ£һȥˡϷùڵá
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ѻӾֱϣ˲䣬̫ƽһľġ
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471 ÷

ͷϷ˿÷ݯվţһȻӣЦǰɣôֲˡ˵껹ū˵˵Բԣ
ūǶЦ÷ݯøӲȻˣսսߵϷǰ
Ϸһס÷ݯ֣ߡָ÷ݯ˸СʣϻŻƤϷ˵ȥ⻢ƤӿůˣֲӲ滹һϻء
÷ݯɵЦˣѵϻҲζ
ȻʱҲԣ֪ÿֶﶼÿֶζ˵һʲôζ߹Ҷܹƾǵζųʲô
ЦϷ˵ıӻ湻ġ
ұʱǸһеľ͵ǰ֪Щζȷ˵ɽȥԣǲܺͨζ֪һЩ޹ˣǾӲˣ۾ûжͱô졣ϷЦ
⵹ǡϷ˻о飬С硣÷ݯ˵
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ϷƫģԭΪ˸㳢÷ѽ̫ƽЦ
÷ݯûд𻰣Ȼ߹̫ƽ˵̫ƽˡҪǵãҲһҪÿճԴҪעԵ⣬̫֪𣿲ҪԷ⣬ǷҲӪġ
ѵҪԶ𣿾ô£ѵϷҪȥΪʲôȻ˵أ̫ƽһ


472 

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ӺһĿϬôǣأϵ˭
ҪĶʲôεԪ˵˵󽫾ҪˣҲΪ˲μԴġ
Ӻ˵һԻᣬϾȻϷسǽҲˣϾҪʲô
Ԫָָ˵һ̺ܴ塣ϧѾԼʧˣ߲ˡ
Ӻ˵˼ǣҪȨ
ȨԻᡣϵϲϧ޴ۣȥռԪ΢΢һЦĿԴɣ


473 

ӺͿˣǣԪһӡ
ҹǳİ
ǣ̫ƽȴ˯ˣǻȥ÷ݯ
÷ݯţ˫Ŀգ̫ƽ־Լ˼أˡ
÷ݯôǲ뿪ġ
ʱʹ̫ͻֳˡ
ѾûкˡҼһƶĺܣΪΪʲôҪȥʲôԳأⲻðڿЦ𣿡̫˵
зִ磬̫Ϊʲôޣֻݵ̫һˡ˵ţĿ¶ɱ
̫˵ϣ⻰ʲô˼ѵ㻹ɱ˰Ҳɣ
ޱ飬ĸֻҪ㲻ҪǱޣһжԺú
ʲôʲôģ϶߱ĸˡ̫˵꣬ŭˡ
Сӹةࡣ
ةฮϣةͶҢ塣
뵽ˡҢЦһͶȥ
ة룬̾˿˵ôˣ϶ԸңȻңδؾǺ¡
̫¸̫ƽ̫µĸҵĽ㣬˵̫Ȼ£ʵȴҪһ˾ˡϼȻݵ̫£ҲʼĺˡҢ˵
ةҡҡͷúӣչˣˡ
ǸøҵġҢЦ
Ǽ£Ҫˣûйֵɣة̾˿˵벻˼ҷҵĶӣǶˣΪ˼ҵŮʹࡣ
ûʲôĵģȥˣ˵ҲϲܡҢ˵꣬Ѿ˵Ĳ豭ȥٵⱭ߰ɡ
ʹ
¡ҲѾں̡
ةû뵽ʹȻҲģոҢѾþڸ֣ة붼Ҫ룬;Լ϶Ǳɡ
䣬塣
ϣ˰ɣһġǰ䡣ة˵
ֶôǰ֪أһ˭֪Ӯ
ǻϿ֣ҳڼѾ˺ụ̈þˡ
忿Ŀɲƾͨƪ֣ƴǻۣƴҲ˵Ӳһû취
ةֻ˻ϵĶ档
ǻƺΪ壬ֻΪ˵䰡ˣȨ䣬޴㽻Ңΰ
ةһ
Ц֪ӺвŻ˫ȫԵ˴Ρ
ة˵˼ҢֻһȳӣձȨأ񲻻ᱻʿЦ
Ľ˭ЦһϬ
ة̾˿˵ϣĻᷴԵġһͬһɢɳ˧ǷǳҪġҢȻ˫ȫϧûиһ˫ȡ޷ʤεġ
Ц֪ʿǲΪ˸취ҢΪ޵ôҲǻʼҵˣ˭ҷԣ
ةһǲҸʡ
Ц޲⡣޵İ˹ԣҲҪи˹ܹˡ
ةһ˵ǰ˹üëĽġ˵ϻȷ˸ԵĹ
ôˣĪǣ㻹Ըˣϲˡ
ǰϣ˹˸߹󣬳ô᲻Ըءة˵ֻǡãȮ䲻ϰˡ
˵ϾϣȻû޾Ϳʼͻˡһ⣬ƺΪ˹˳޶ˣɡ
ةε˵ϡ£̫¹عҸ磬ʹ˼
Ҫʡϲ˵¡˵㣬ʲôҢƷ֪ģܲҸġ
ة˵ѵû϶ȮΡǣиʡ
ʡŭҪ̫ˣ޲ϲ
黢ϴǷȷ黹졣
ة˵ϣ̫¿ҪҼȮһ˾˵ģҼȮȢ˰˹˱ˣ
˵û£ʼҴûбֻ֣о
Ȼ϶⣬ǳҲûʲôýˡة˵
ã޾ʹͻ顣̫ĥīдʥּ
ʥּ£Ңӹ͵ϣףôȢŮأ
Ī㲻ϲ˹ة̾˿˵ģѾͻ鰡ʵɣ˵ˣҪ׵ġ
ҢĬĬţ跹˼
ʹ˹Ҳַ죬ʣҪǸȳӣ
ŭϷԣͲúü£ųްɣ乫Ҳֻ㻹ûˣ˭


474 ط껶ϲ

ǽ
󽫾ŮеҴǰߡ
ͣкȻѪ˵ףҿǰֻȸץ
ö˶Ҫץȸأ󽫾⡣
ֻȸ˼βͳúͱȸһ̫ƽһϲҪץ͸̫ƽȴ̵˵˵߻Ҫ
Ͻס˵ԶĹȴֻֻ㲻̫𣿻ȥЩȥŮӼҾϲЩ
ҲŲôأʲô˼ҪʱϷҾزȥˡֻǾҺ̫ƽ֮ǳ׵ģҿʲôõľ͸Ҿֻȸͦõѽ׻˵ԸΪ˵Ĳֻ𣿡ظ׼˼۾ҵ۹
ʫ˵ֲ˼ϴ󽫾εҡҡͷ˭ŮСûʶ֡ȴˣ˴³ľˣ뷨Ҳˡ
Ѿȥ׽ȸȥˣ书áıһӾ¾ͰȸץˣǸϡ
ʱڶ̫ƽҲԼˣҪ̫ƽҪȥ̫ƽ˵ҪȥһҪѡ
ʲôҪһҪ뿪ȥأһ
̫ƽЦ
÷ݯѾ뿪ˣ̫ƽһҲҲֻȸţʶҲãԵҲôġ
ⲻ˵ҪԾȥӭˣ̫ƽ˵ûҪﲻҪĲҪġҪѣȻҪӭӡ
֪ˣǳĶʼɣΪ̫ƽõѡû뵽̫ƽôõѣҵˡ
ã̫ƽͺеӭͷЦ
Ҿ֪ҡбȥס̫ƽת˼Ȧѽ̫ƽѽôˣôǰôᡣһ㶼û
ǰǰ㵹˺ܶడˣüˣ̫ƽЦ
ЦңֻǱһ㣬ֲķ֣˭㳤ôݣĵĵ̫ˡв
ǰˡ̫ƽЦ
ҵĵȻ׼ˣ˵žȥ̫ƽˣ˵ҵĻ˵ڣôˣڳЦˣ
ɧˣý㣬Ҵ˻𣿡̫ƽæҪסǣеĶǱ̫ƽ˺ܶࡣ
˵㻹Ҳ۸ҡ
̫ƽ˵ңȻˣý㣬ְͣ
ͣ֡
̫ƽȥݼ󽫾
󽫾ЦҪܹӣϷСŮˡ
̫ƽ˵ǣ󽫾ǿˡ
˵ף̫ƽˡԼظɣȥס졣
Ůӣûأҵģס˸ϸ鷳ʲô󽫾̾˿˵
о˵̫ƽôͳ˱˼ˣ
ֲֻܹһס󽫾ǳ˵
ЦףҺ̫ƽסһ𣬲ͱмģףʹӦ˰ɣ˵ˣֲͷһסˣ֮ǰҲסһΡֱôãŮкö໰Ҫ̫ƽ˵
󽫾̾˵ܹֻͷ㡣ϷܹŮˡ
ǳɰ֮ˡ̫ƽЦ룬ĻҹҲǵġ
󽫾˵áˡ
ˡи˵
̫ƽ˵ؼңʵˣҪ
̯̯֡ŲҪ۰
˻ȥк̫ƽһ˯ȻҲʶ³ԱӾ
̫ƽ̾˿˵һ˵ģϧˡСб£ܰ𣿡
˵ҪֻһѾߣ㲻ôżġ
̫ƽͷ˵Һż˭
˵ãСѰҡ
ⲻǺ𣿡̫ƽ˵
˵ô죿˴ϣҲûϴԡȥˡ
̫ƽ˵һ档硣Ҿãпȥ˳ϡ
һأˡ
̫ƽ˵̫ܡȥȥأ
ΪβֱѰңһ
Ϊʹ˵ûУҲҪġ̫ƽ̾˿˵
˵²˳٣ҽȥϿ
ǧҪ̫ƽ˵Сȴر鲼˵ȥʹȥġ


475 ȥ

̫ƽ֪ϲҴգ˵ôз˫ֽԺ˴ϡ
̫ƽҲлûϴԡľ̫ƽıϡ
ʵҲܼ򵥣ʳңȥʡ϶㡣̫ƽЦ
Ϊʲôҿԣֲġ˵
Ϊ֪ҶѾˣͲ᲻ʵĲĸϡҪȻһ㡣̫ƽ˵
ǺãҾʹҡڵȥʳд˸Ƿ˵
áҲֻֻҽæñ˰æ©˷򲻿ɸ߱¡̫ƽЦ
֪ˡѾ˺ࡣ
̫ƽ֪;ۡټԸ֣ˣ˯š
̫ƽҲĵĸиһӣֻʱ仹̫磬̫ƽ˯ţһ
еĴ̫̫ƽҲȥǾԺ
ʱȻӰ΢һӰ㣬þòˡ̫ƽһϲ
ܹҲþòˡˣôˣҲٱˣǿ̫ƽǻ̲ס
ԭԪֿ֮󣬺ʹһ磬ٺΪ̫ƽصĸ̫ƽֻֿʱ뿪һз粨ˣֻˡ
˵һ£ҹƺҪӭȢ˹ˡ˵
ʲôʱѽ̫ƽһ
£ϸոġ
šҲһϲ°ӲԸ⣬ҪȢһǻϴͻģӲԸҲûа취̫ƽЦˡȻˣȱɡ
ǻҪ⣬ʵҪձȨ˵
Ȩ̫ƽһˮϡ
ǵģҪ²ı̾˿˵ȥֻ͢һȷѪꡣ
ΪʲôѡҢأã̫ƽʵ
ҾͲˡֻǹ߹¡˵
֪ˡлл㡣̫ƽƽ
ǻ
ٶŲˮ˹ˡ
ˣٴϲ
㻹𣿡˵
˺ˣҲˡ̫ƽʶ뿪ˡ
ڶ죬о˳ϣʳҪˡ
̾˿˵Ϊʲô̫ƽִأ̫ƽİɣ̫ƽҲǵģΪʲôͻ÷ݯҸأûҸϡȥ̫ƽҲܵ÷ݯںδ̫ƽҲĻҪȥˡ
оͻⷬ߸̫ƽ
̫ƽǳżôأĲڳϣǡȥأ
᲻˹÷ݯѽһݣܶ㵽Ķȥأ仰̫ƽ̫ƽ뵽ϷˣȥϷˡ
һȣҸһȥҲ˹ȥ
ﻹżܱ߳ԣ̫ƽҪҪȳһֻˣ÷ݯѵôҪ𣿡
ҪҪ𣿡̫ƽ԰ɣҿû˼ʲôᣬڶء
㡣ҡҡͷ
ĵ㡣
ϷڳԲ̫ƽʱһԲճס
̫ƽԹȥְԲš
ϷЦʹ˲ˣԸԲŤŤʱϻҴ򡣡
˭ϣĸǫˡ̫ƽ˵С
аݼϷˡ˵
ùϷסеЦ֪ʱӣˮ飬ȴС
ЦҪ˵ܸϷ˱ȣϷȻǱҴģܴùϻȴǲԵġȸҶץסġץֻȸ͸̫ƽġϧһ̫ƽҸ˵ˣȻɽȸˡ
ѹλûиء̫ƽ˵
ԭﻹأж̫ƽ˸
ǵȻûһءô̫ƽЦ
˵˵ЦЦӣҵҲʱ飬ϧûϵˡϷ̾˿˵
̫ƽЦĸĹһܶࡣ
࣬ࡣϷֵĺϲ£죬ǣҺϧһȻϵˣҲ˿ҵЩĽҲ˹ȥ
˵Һúѽĸܲ͸¶˭̫ƽԴ˵
Ϸҡҡͷˣˣ̫ƽʲô𣿡


476 Ϊ

̫ƽɫ˵ϷˣŮȷһ÷ݯɣ
ϷһرܿĿ⣬Ц̫ƽλҲû˵Ϊʲôأ
ĸŮ֪ˡĸҲƭŮġ̫ƽʵǣ÷ݯŮжŮԱһӣŮԻȥ
ô𣿲һ˰ˡϷ˶豭۾ű̵Ĳˮ
УȻС̫ƽЦ
Ϸ˵ʵ֪÷ݯ˭𣿡
֪Ů֪̫ƽ˵ǰˡ
ϷȫһȻ̲ס̫ƽæȥ
˵Ϸ˿Ǳ̫ƽŵˣʵҲú֣̫ƽĵ
̫ƽһѣҾ÷ǳο̫ƽƷ֪̫ƽʲôе̫ƽԼ֪жôΣ𣿻֮ǰ÷ݯ֮£֪٣ôʲô˶Ƕأ֪㲻İϳȥҰ㡣Ϸ˼ᶨ˵ѾҲڣҲҪȰҡΪ˶ԸǾṈ̀ĸ
ĸŮҾ̱أŮֻǲˣȻҪ÷ݯôôܹƵأ˵÷ݯҲһˣȸӣܸùϵȸǸжΪʲôĸ벻һأ̫ƽͼõ˵Ϸˡ
һסȸʲôݣϲҪȸնˣȴҪҸ˸ùϵǶȸϵϿҪųնˡ̫ƽ֪㵨ӴʲôһҸ㣬ȸˣ޳ͷ֮գͲҪϣͶעˡȸԽԶԽãȸйصˡϷ̬˼̫ƽ벻
ܽˣʲôĵô𾢣Ҳ˵
ϷЦûʲôܣͺãĸһԷɡ̫ƽȥúðһ°ɣУҪһԷҪȥ̫ƽأ
ЦҼȻ̫ƽģͲϷˣϷܹҲټįˡ
áϷ˵ͷ㡣֣ȥ׼һ²룬õĲҶȥ
̫ƽŴģͣʪ
Ц㰡˵㣬ƽʧǵġ÷ݯ֮жĸ飬֪ĻΪĸŮأ
̫ƽ̲ס
ɱް˺ˣ˵ˣǸòãޣһҾͻˡæݹȥҿɲŮӣҺ塣
̫ƽ˵Ϸ˲Ը˵÷ݯôأ
Цȥٰɡ÷ݯһˣʧˣϷ˵ȷεġ
̫ƽԴ԰ôû뵽أȥҳҵĻϷ˲ǣĻϷ˲Ҳ
ϣ̫ƽļǵع龭
ô˵ϷҲˣ÷ݯˣһ
̫ƽͷʵȸû÷ݯָôϷء볤ȰȰϷ˰ɣ
㲻˵Ҳȥȸ÷ݯҲԭҵġ϶
̫ƽһг÷ݯȻоˡ

Ȼ˵͵û֪ͨ͹ˣϷ˵ȷ⧲
ǣϷҲµ˳˼
÷ݯǴӳϳģ㣬Ϸ˵ˡ
̫ƽոձϷ˾ܾͺȻݹ٣϶Ϊ÷ݯ
ùټӱϷ˽ˣϷ˲ܲ
ǣϷ˸ɴ˵ǲҼ°Ѳ˳
ڴ˵ˣＱҲû취ܲӲϾǳ
̫ƽС˵ȻϷ˵ˣȥ̫ҽ
һϷ̫ҽأ
̫ҽˣϷ˼ȻԳвôܲأⲻǴ𣿵ʱ򣬳Ը̫ҽһȥϷˡ̫ƽЦ
˵̫ƽı˵ȻСã졣
ûˣ͵͵ȥ̫ҽ
ϵҲҸϳߡ
źȲ裬Ȼȴˣ̫ƽ
̫ƽôܰΪĸأǽȻ
̫ƽ˵ĸøģ
̫ҽˣӣѾˡ˵


477 ʥѲ

̫ƽһһʲôʱôˣ
ף˽סǷǳ治ġ̫ƽѵȫԴˣġ
Ц̫ƽδ̫С㸸ˡȻʮɡ
ôǡ
һЦ鵽ū͵˶Ķ԰ץˡ
ֻƾ֤ɲ˵̫ƽ˵ףҲɵӣɡ
˵߲񣬾ǳҲ޷졣
ҪͬˡԭǺͳԩ޳ġ֮ԻԭֻһΪ˸÷ݯ
Ϊ˸÷ݯĺ
̫ƽҵ÷ݯҲȻ÷ݯˡ
̫ƽżͻȥͳ˵¡
ǳǣϷ˾Ǳֲִִܶܰ˶÷ݯá
лˣҲֻһһ̫ƽɥ˵
˵ĸᶨչӲӲ̫ãٹɡ
̫ƽͷ
˳Ϸ˺Ȼ̫ƽϷӵϢͨһֱڶ̫ƽͳأҪȻôһߣϷ˾֪أ
һҩζûУϷҲǾӵڴߣһ
̫ƽϷ˾
̫ƽ÷ݯȻҹҲóԺôĹͲҪˣҪҳѹҡ֪ô˵ҲĸҲϲԴϷ˵Ҳֱֱȥ
̫ƽ˵ĸֻҪų÷ݯԸ÷ݯ͵ϣٲ
ϷЦ̫ˡѾ˲ˣ÷ݯ¡˿Ҳ֪ˣҪĴȥˣϲٷ÷ݯˡʵҲΪãǻҲҪܶ㵽ȥأ
̫ƽ˵ϷˣҪ÷ݯôأܲصȥأѵΪΥʥּ𣿡
Ȼᣬ񣬻ϲǻû˵ʲôܱȲڳϺѽϷЦ
δǻϵãδػôĸͲһˣ̫ƽ˵
˵˵ȥ㻹ϣҷŹ÷ݯӴʵ㣬ң˵ûˣ÷ݯѾʧϣôôأⲻõİ취𣿡ϷЦ
ʲô
ĸҪ÷ݯʧ̫ƽһҲ˵ĸҪԶ÷ݯ
Ϸ˵ͷģҲ˺ġһӵӣһеġ
̫ƽ˵ϷˣΪ˸÷ݯֵ𣿡
̫ƽ仰ӦġϷĿϬ˵
ʱʹϻ㱨Գ޽ȡ
ϵ˵ͷĿ羮ӻǶѵôˣһοɲܿЦôˡ˲ʧĿǻʼӡ
ϷģѾʹ˻֮ˡÿ춼ϼѵҳκβ˵
ԪǸ֮ģġԸϺȻ̬ȺίΣֱӵԪҪĸ
ϲ֡Ҳͬʱ÷ǳ֡
֮ǰΪϷ˵ݶԶǳ
̫ƽҲ˱ͨôȻ̬Ⱦôתأ·ǻҪߡ
ֻǡ߿ɲѽϷˣǧҪ漰ȨǶҪͷĿ
˵̫¹ȻϻۣҲΪϸ
Ͽ񣬼Цȥɡ
ƺڼЦ˼ǸС
صȥϷ˵£ʱԪҲڡ
磬ȻҪ㸨̫ⲻ̫ƽ̫½ϵûᣬΪʲôҪأԪ⣬̫ƽ̫֮ĿĪ㲻֪𣿡
ûشϷ˾ɫȵ˵ʲôѵҪΪ̫ƽһ˵İ飬ҪڲȻ۽粻ġ
Ԫͷ
Ϸ˵Ҫ̫ƽԪ飬ʹͻˣȵأȻѾû̫ͨƽˣϾͷŹˣһжûжھͱʲôֹ̬أҿҲĵ̫˰ɡ
˵ǣΪʲôǰԪأ
Ҫ̽ѽϰԳ½㣬ϿǶίΣδǺ¡ʥѲⰡϷǳ˵
ĸڵʲôʡ


478 ı

ҵĻϰԳ޽㣬Ǵʲô˼ѽҪǶΪƻеһ壬Ҳûа취ģʵʱǷԵģѾˣҲûа취ܲΥʥּϷ̾˵
ĸףôֻ޽ԳѣܰҵʲôƻأϷˡ
Ϸ˵ҪȥĸˡԼȴȥɱԳϳˣǲҪ޽Գ˳еˣ޽Գ˲Ҳ˵㺦Ǹˣˣ
ʲôͱұˣֱš
ڻû˼𣿡ϷЦ
ҶԻһֱĹΪʲôҪӺأԼˡ
Ҳֻǲ²ѣҲ㣬ƾ֮ǰԸϲһ֮ˡһǶкøеˡŹ̫ƽΪѵĶҺͶԶѾ½𣿱ϾҵݰϷ˳̾˿˵ҴӲҰ̫ơ
ĸ˵ôãΪʲôʲôܣʲôֵû϶˽䱸أһ
ܣ㻹ǲ֪Ϊã˵ļ򵥣֪Խ࣬㲢ûкôġϷĿϬ
ҲУҾͲ֪ã֪һǣ֪Խ࣬վԽࡣ˹Ƿ
ʱҢΣһ̳Լ
ΪʲôͲȢҲϲŮˡ
ʱȻ
ôˣҢһвزסľϲ
վҪˡҲǷܹϣܹ͹һݺǹϲˡЦ
Ң񰵵ܹҪԭΪףҵġ
ݹȥһҢӹͺ̫ƽ
ӣҪѹʵԸѹ㡣˵㡣㶼Ǻˡ̽˵
˵Ҫ±ȨҢ̾˿˵ۣӭȢ˹
£û˻᲻ͬ⡣Ц˹ٻҲǰ˹֦ҶбȨʱתˡ
Ңȴ˵Լһӵ
ĪӣǷŲܹһ
ҢͷϳֶݵҸһһŲˡ
˵ӵ˼Ҳ⣬ΪҲġ
ŶҢЦͬˣܹǷ
ЦǣҲҵһӿ԰ˡҾҲԡ
ҲˡҢƱȡ
ӣֻҪԸ⣬ǿҵõġҢļ򣬡ֻܹһҲֻһҲϣܹҵԼҸ
УǸҲԲ֮ǰ۸ܹİ˹Ңᶨ˵ֻǣΥһôأ
ϣϣһء
ɹɴһ⻬ļϡ
̫ƽ̲ס¡ǳӳһ̯Ѫӡ
Ϯؾ˯ˡ
죬ҢҪӭȢ˹ˡ
뵽ԼԪ߹֣Ҳ֪ǰ·ôܲһǳϮͷ
㷲У˯ˡ
Ȼ̫ƽһΡ
ҹ̫ƽξѣüͷϲ顣
̫ƽΣ̫ĺΣʵһ
̫ƽбҪθԪҲǵ±ӡ
ģ̫ƽֽ
̫ƽţдģ
գղܼѪϰס
Ȼˡ
̧ͷͿҵķӺᱧһŮ
ŮһϮɴϡڲͣѪ
ҺһϣȥסŮ˭
֪ӺûпңԴ߽䡣
Ҽæ˹ȥǺĸΪβ֪ңգҵա
ӺЦдżӵޣңֲ
˵꣬ײڵϡ
ŮЦǷ̡
ңҲһ棬˭
Ҷѣô㣿ҼֱţϾ׹ҶѣҶѵãҶϪ
Ϯ
ǰܳ߹ԸԳ޸˴ӢµĽɲŮò˴Ϊѻ
ֻǱ⡣ʵϣΪ˾ܻ飬ڻ͢ҹֱʡ
ϰŮУּƻҶѺ̫


479 ±

յҶѵȰ飬ѴӦ
ǣҶȴڽ͹Ĵ֮ҹԾ
İ֮˵ʬ岻֡
һϲĿշųȼһҹ
ǸӺǸҡ

źȻײֱҵ졣
ץסҵ֣Ӻ˵үҩѱ룬ֻʣҩˡ
ҳԾؿ
Ȼǹɸʼݱǻ¡
Ӻͬĸҡ
ҵȨѾȣū۸ǳ¡
ɵ棬ѹס˫ֵģǵһΣǣġ
ӺޱؿҶϪ˵ġҶκġ
γذףȻҵϡ
һûӦذ׾ѾҵĴϡ
Ҳҽֽűץţ
Ȼҿְһ룬ҵĴϡ
Ӻڳ书ʩѹҵĹ裬һ
ʹ촽ҧѪȴһۡ
ڻ˹ȥ
ʱԼһȦȳʺΧҡ
ùܱ۸ȻҪˡ
ǣ˫Ѿľվ
ҵѾǣǰӺǲͻؼҡ
˵Ҳ˷̡
ҽ˺Ӧ
˾ȻҶϪ
㺦Ҷȫ壡ҪΪĹܾҶɱ㣡
ԿƣӺȻҲţ
ЦһҶϪҪΪ֪Ҷȫôġһ᲻֪ҶϪ㣬Ҳ㺦ģҪ㷸µϣ
ҶϪŵĿʱһ£ƺˣˣȻץҵͷǽײ
ҲǺǵģֻӺҶҲỹ֡
Ҵͷϰ̽ҶϪĶӡ
ҶϪҽһ
Ӻ֪ظһžҵĿϡ
ҿӿѪӺȴҶϪȥܿûټ
ҿЦ
ҶϪҶΨһˣҶѳơӺҶϪҶѵĴ档
ҶӺ÷ֿùһˣ
ǰֵǻҶҺȻһȫ帲ֻҶϪӺ˳ûãҶϪʧˡ
д˵ѻҷŵġ͵͵ҶϪˣҲҡ
ӺȻˣеĻ£ġ
һҶϪȻ
ıλ᲻Ҫ
ſȦٽȻһߴӰȻҸǡ
Ӻ
ʣѾ⿪Ҳѣ촽عϡϡϡ
ҿˣ꣬һζûңڰʱȻҪҡ
ұ۾ȴȻסҵ°ͣݵҵϣƺҡ
ˣ㲻һֱҪ𣿺ãҸ㣡
˺֮󣬻˲Լ棬·ұ¥Ů࣬Ȼˡ
һһ£ҳֱ롣ңͱȦ뿪һ
ȻĥþۣЩԭˣΪĲ࣬ķ֡˭֪ˡ
ҵϣҵĹһ㱻ͬҵʹҾãҵҲһغľˡ
ҿŴ󺰣ɴɱҰɣ
ɱ㣿̫ˣӺ˵Ҫ㣬Ҷһн죿ǷҶҵģ
ҿЦ㾹ȻҵĹ裬ҽĲ
İ취ϪΪ¥꣬ѾУǣӺĺӡҶŮΪӺ˵꣬һ⡣
ұſڵأʺϣͷʹҵĽʹǣθǶĵòС
ҴڴڵŻ£ͼѪʺ³
ߣѾۡڳʺء
ӺһУ뿪ˡ
Ȧֻظ˼ž
ƽʱ˼
ѾӰ˵ʱҿ԰سԼȷ뿪ļƻ
Ȼֶûи飬̫ȴŮ
̫֪ڵĴٲ˵ز
ǣﴦӺˣҸô̫֪أ
˼УӺֹˡ
أѹʱϢ˵˵ҽϺĹҩ㣡
ףҹҹԭ򣬾ȻϣҵĹãҶϪҩ
ʹһ꣬ڻʹﱻΧס۸ǵʱ÷ϵңǼӵͷͶ÷ӡ


480 

»̫ƽΣΪԤʾܾԺ±ӡ
Ǳ˷׷ɢתҶȴôӶʯ·
ΪҶѾҶѿʼ⡣
ңҲתǿ̣һ顢֡
ʱֻ࣬᲻ỹһ
ϧʱĸԸ͡
򸸻ʰƼȵôôӺ󶼶ͳսʤ
ֻ֪սȴ֪ڱҵƲ
׺ŴͣһۣҲҵĻ
жһʹ֮С
ʹסӣ̫ҽˡӦǡˣ
ҽȻܸ򡱡
Ӻһ¡
ץסĿţͷˣǵĺӣ
ƺ׼ɻȥ̫ҽ
Ȼϣһˡ
Ϊӡ뿪ȦƬ̵ķɡ
ǣֻһ죬Ӻ͹ݸһ̥ҩ
ҲĹ⣬ôôģҺֱ󱳵ֵǽǣҶϪѾУѵҪ
ʿ˵ˣǻУͲ࣬ҲҩߣҲҪĺӣӺ˵꣬סҵ죬ҩȻȥ
þҩȫ˳ǡ
ˣһҵϣã㲻ȣһһʽʧ
ҵڵϣյĵرӿҵƤ֮ڡ
ҷסҧԼشȥ
Ҳһˣҵ岻䡣
ӺȻҪҵĺӣұ뾡̫Ѱİ
ϣŴ򿪣Ϯҵڣ÷
ؿŵģȴǴС۰ҵģذ磬ʱѾ˶ܶع
ذб𣬳ͷסңȻŰ㣡
ƺڰյҵϣסذĸ첲
ǡһµȡѾͬзϣվȽϳ
Ӻˣʶطſذ֡
˵˵ں֪Ӻ²ңҲñҡԴף
ذôҷ§§ףҿɱ㡣ӺһۣĿ͸ɭ䡣
Ӻа㲻˵ĻذγҸ㣬ڲӵص֤ݣҽ֤ݾͻϴϡһӲˣ
ӺЦӵأֻ֪ܶˣıϵҪǼϽҷľٱţҵҪŴԵ㣬Ÿ½ɽң
ذһ
ӺǷܺŻĿϬˣż
ذеҪżãߣ㲻Ҫ˺
ҶԲ㡣㲻ҪΪɵˡѾӺΪץذȻҲǼʸҡ
֪ذΪҲ̫ġ
ؼұңذΪ˼ңϧӵԹʹ̫Σ˶ܶʱ̼ල͢󳼣˶δϡ
ûκȡֻϣĬĬػҡ
ô˺
ҹӺŹɡ¡
еĵǺȡӺŭӺڶһ𣬺Ȼ첽߹˴ϡ
·˺ҴҪ
Ӻذվڰ׵ζԽԽˡҧҵ˵
ذشУǣذˡ
֮УذУߣ㲻ߣϾǰ
ذ˿뿪
Ӻش˲֣ذеǶˣҲա
ҴޣĴΪʲôҪ԰㻹𣿡
ץסҵֹ֡ǶˣΪǸˣ㾹Ҵң
ҪȥȴһѰƵ˴ϡҶҿǲҪĺˡ
仰ҡ
ҸŻƽ̹С
ǰһкӡҪΪ롣
ǣҴĵһĺܱסҵĺ
ķ졣
ӺȻһĹȥĮң˵ҪҵľѪԺӲ
ãȻس࣬ӺЦ˽
ҿˣذǲˣҪȻӺΪλЦôģ
Ӻ˵ذ˼ڣذ
˵ûյĻ
˵ذʱ򣬴⬼ףֻӹһ١
⬼ףֻһ̫С
벻̫۰ذȻ⬼״͸ذ


481 

ӺǹмܸˣַŵҵСϣҵĺӻҪˣ
ѹȥ˺ҵĺӣվ߿ˣתһɰģ£һֱذΪ磬ˡ
Ӻ߹۽
ɰһֻһ룬ǺܶӡȻȡ˶Ӷร˼
ҵͷţֻú󾱴һ˿磬Ӻңԧˣ
ЦšӻͳһɵŤŤԧҵͷϡ
ҼϳҲġ
˺ܶԧ͸ӺΪӺȫˣΪʱͲм
̧ͷؿӺ˵̫ǣǾȥ÷԰ɡ
ʧˣҺһ㡣ϣҲҪ̫ǰ״
ӺĿȻϬסҵ°ͣСһᡣ
ˡݷɨΪϪȷﲻˣĺӣϪҪôֵ
ҹЦЦᶼˣ֣㾹ȻԼĺΪ֣
ҵĺӡ֪ԣӺĲҪӡ
㲻ӣҲҪĻң˵ذѾǹθӣҾ
ңȴҵĺӣ
ҪΪҲ֪̫ذ˵û⡣Ӻ˵
ҡҡͷܵģ
ô˵ԹӺǲʹˡ
ҿ޵ôģӺȻٴΰ·˺
οΪ˹˼ҶĺӣĶһЩǻǰȫŪһƬ١
ҵĺӻû밲ȫڣҲ¡
Ҷֱҧȥþֱݷ졣
ظһơֱðǡ
ңСʱ㱻Ǽ۸÷Ӿ㣡̲סɳҲҪ˵
ˡ
ʱĵϣȷв÷ӣҶûС
Ȼſңȥ
Ϣţˮģҵ۾
ĺۣ˴ϡ֪˯ˡ
Ų
۾ذˡ
ܹ¿ôؼҳȥȴӺһذѴȥ
Сİذҳ˹ȥƿذ
ǰѽҵĶӡ
ѪɽҾͬʱҵĺӡ
Ҿʱ򣬺ȻһʹϺ촽һʪң
æӣǸˡ
Ӻߣ촽ϡ
ҴһŷַﻹǺںġ컹û
ûذһΡ
ҺãֻһΡ
ôһɶŲ档
Ӻ粻ˣ㾹Ȼذ֡
Ҳ֪ʲôͣǸոգΪλҵ
ѵ֪˵ңķˣССľϲ
ϾǺӵĸףһˣֻҪҺһҶᾪϲ
ǣСȼ䣬ȻѪ
ҴʧɫҺʲô
ĿʲôΪ˽ӽңͼȡλãѾ˯Ѷ̥ҩι
˵ҷˣӶ̡
ƿվ˵壬ҪϪΪ飬Ҫӣһȵ죿㾹ȻѺҵĳ˵Ĺͣ˲ж֪֮߳ˣʲôĺӣҲҪĺӣ
˵ˡ
ű紵žž죬ҺĪ
֪ҵģ
һĴۣ
ǺӣҲҪ뿪
Ѿɡ
ҲԸúӱѪֻһ취ǷϵԼ书Լ书סӡ
书ģȻҴûǰʾΪʦ߹ңҵľ书һֻʹΡ
ÿΣԼƣһ
ڶʹáҾͻľѪ
ԣ򲻵ѣҲ书
Ҫˡ
˹ֻûľѪ񱻳һ㡣С
ٰľʹϮңüͷ촽ҧˡ
ڻ˹ȥ
ˡһŮ𣬼˰ҴӴӲק
Ϊգ̫Լã÷԰
Ҳ֪̫Ϊλѡ÷԰ط
÷԰̫ﵱ⵮»ϵĵط̫ﲻ´
ǣؿȼ䲻ѪˡҸԼ̽̽Ϣãҵĺӻڡ
ֻҪҵĺӻڣҵͻϣ


482 ü

ӺһװǺ͹ȥһӢ˲
ǻްĿҵСϣüͷ
֪ʧˣΪҪӡ
̫ǿ
治Ҫǰݺ˦仰
Ҿˣ̫󣬾̫ΪǽԼ
Ϊ˺ӵİȫûѡ
÷԰ơ
죬ȴܸоһִ̹ǵ˷
Ӻǰͷȴͣסˡ
ҵĿ˳ķȥͺͺ÷¡һ̴ľΣȴûˡ
̫û
Ȼһ̫ٵӲ᲻ŵԵġǡ
︡𲻺õԤҿ첽߹ȥһͷ÷԰̫̫ˣ
̫Լ÷԰Ҿ;֣÷԰Ƕôĵطһ
ҲȥӺȴȻץסҵ֣ѹҵĶĤ̫
£̫ôţϢߣһˤ˵ͼԲ
ҳȥ̫ǱӲ壬Ҿˣ̫ˣˣ
ô
ᣬֹס¡
ҿӺҲ߶ˣָ̫ϣҳͷֿٵӵ
˵˭ͷ᲻ɱֵģ
Ӻüۺۼ˵ʲô֣̫Լͷ
̫ˣҲȥӺ
̫ȻĸȴҼãʼݱˣ̫ҲްŶȥһǿҵУ˲סȫ
̫񣬺ܿ;ˡ
̫ҽʹµ˶ˣ˵̫÷԰ԲʹˣԲ̫죬ʲȥͶ
ȻҾûкܶɵ㣬ǻֲٲȥˡ
ֱʹ֣ϣ̫Ϊ
ңһ֮󣬹ϳȫҺӺ
ϲؿңƺѯʣηҪ޸ӺΪҪ룿
ֻ˵һ䣺үͷҲԸɢ
ĿϬܰ䣬˼أ
ӺڶһĿϣ˵ҪҲӦûʸ
ϣȻܼң㵱ܼҵˣܼҵĹΪ˹Ҵ壬Ȼܼңûк¡
ϵͷã̫ȥȺܰȥɣ֮£Ҫᡣ
֡ٴ̧ۣѾʼˡ
ɱӺͻ˺
̫ݱذɣȥ
һ̫ܹȥҲĳ
ӺڣӭҶϪ븮
գ·԰ҶϪڲݵϺӺӵȣæ㵽˴档
ֻҶϪ¶˲һҲܻˣ񻹲ܳΪɾ˳檡һŻʲô˼
ӺοҶϪ˵ҪҾ취ӡҾ͹̸㡣һҾͰ
ҶϪչնЦ
ЩȫգЦԼĳɵ͵͵صԼ䣬š
ӺϣҪҵĺӡ
ˣߣѺӹ̸ҶϪǶԺõĽɣ
ϾڵΪ֮ǰȡ˹裬ܲãҲ֪
ţȻűƿˣ̶ҵĶĤ
̧ͷҶϪˣһ̣㣬Ϊ㰾İ̥ҩ
ҿҪڣҶϪЦЦ
˵÷ɡ
ôܷأһƬ⡣ӦóȺȲŶѽҶϪ˵꣬ǰҪסҵ죬Ҫҩȥ
һҶϪϣڵأͬҩϰ
ҶϪ̵öKžҹԵø⳨
˵Ҳ֪Ȼһһθԣô˵ǴСӦҹء֣ȥҵġ
ҶϪȴЦˡҵˣǹһģΪҲˣ
ҿҶϪѾˡȴȻЦҺȻˣҶϪ˵ҪӺӶӭϣΪԳͻݡʵҪӡ
ӺҲҵĺӵģ
øҶѼһģһһӺͻң
ȻӺˣ¹£Ľź⡣
ΪʲôҪôĴεķŹˣΪʲôҪҵ룬㶼ҪٵӺ
ҿЦҶϪƺҵģҹġ
ҶϪסӺˣҺòңҲòˡ


483 Ңɻ

ϪҾͻ㣡Ӻý˹
ƫͷ㿪˭֪ǰѽҵüǣѪε۾
Ҳҽһ˵ϡ
ˣؽӴԺҹҹȮ飡ûбͬ⣬˭԰ųӺ˵꣬ҶϪ뿪ˡ
ұӽ˹
ÿ
ҸŶѵüǣ֪ҽӣͻͬ⹷һ޹ˡ
ǡҿԴź뿪
ǣҿ
߸º
ҵĺˣڹ
ǣһһۣͱҶϪˡ
ʹʺӵȥ
ҶϪңҵĺӣŽˮͰӵ˺
֪ǱǸ˵һѾˣҲȥһ⺢ӵĶ򣬾ҵĻΪһںӣҶϪشЦ
ҡڴЦ֮󣬷ˣڷˡ
ЦЦ޿޵ع˰£Ӻһζûйҡ
ֻһΣ͸ӱ߿򣬿ҶϪ񣬿Ҳֻ·Ŀ⣬һֱҶϪϡ
ܹˣܹˣ
Ҿ뿪һдۣ
٣ҪҵҵĶӣǸӳͱȷֿĶӣҲѾˣ
ǣҼװɵ
죬ѾݺͷȻӡ
Էɡݺ˵
ҺǺɵЦ
èԷģôˣ
ѵҪ·ˣ
һ٣ʢġ
ҶϪˣҵ㣬Ƿ˲ۣûʳ𣿡
ɵЦ
ҶϪѷ˵˵ϣЬ죬ȥͷȥһŵϵķˡ
㣬ԭֻԵڵϵķˣó𣿻أԵ㣡ҶϪЦ
Ȼһʺ˷ϡ
ҶϪϸؿҡ
סʺմķ˶˽ȥ
ҶϪסҵͷ˵ڳ˹ҽűߵĹ͹ˡ
һɵЦ
ҶϪſң˵ԭѾˣȤ»֪ˣعӿ㣬Ҫȥˡ
һʲôף
ҶϪˣ˵ˣҲӦˣûб乫ֻɺ˲ȥףƫƫ㡭ҳʺ㣡
ҪʺͷҪʱȻұƿ
̧ͷһ˫貵ӳˣӺ
ɡҶϪ˵Ҫʺס
Ӻɨһ˵ҪϪ·ɡ
ԭұҶϪһֱҵĺ·
·Ѿħɻ
ҶϪ㲻ᣬɣ㲻ǴӦϣҪ𣿡
Ӻͷ˵ϪҺ˵ҵ㲻Ҫܡ
ҶϪֻȥ·ˡ
ҴԼ»Ϻ˵·ǽߣüõ滹˿ϡе
ҿžԼȻƤǽѩüϸ˰̣ҵüëòΡ
ҵӱúÿ¡ÿ¡
㡣Ӻߴ٣һͷıӰ
Ըٿһۣͺһ
ʱ򣬻ͷ˺һۣҿˣطഺеϣʹ࣬ҲԸˡ
̫ƽдݣ;
Ȼûϣˡ
Ԫ±ӡ
±ӣԪ±ӽӺ
ֻǣֱַ˭أһҶϪһذ
Ԫյ̫ƽˡ
Ԫüë̫ƽβһ㣬һֻһ룬αȻк
ҲͿԽ̫ƽɻˡ
Ԫã±ӡ
̫ƽܿյԪţʱ
ҢӭȢ˹
̫ƽȴܳţܣ͵͵š
û뵽ϵҢһɷ÷ǳǡ
ǰװ׾ȥݣƲ鷢Ե˼Ĩɣ
˵Ӣ
ϼĨ
ܿסˡ
벻뿪εҢӢ
ȥСˡ
ϧһѾ̫ˡԪҪŷҪһֱ˵ҪȢҢҲ˱˵ˡ
ܿܽȥˡ
ҢӻʹѰ˹ӭھôһȦѾǵĴֶ˸顣
ڰյΧ˹ͽةฮϡ
˹οǳ˷ͷνʮױױ˵ľ
ľϯԪҲˡ
Ңʤźģվվˡ


484 

ҢϲҢˣҲЦ˵ϲʲôʲôùϲģǲ֪˵ĥ
Цд󵱻Ů󵱼ޣҢ㲻Ҫ߰ôܽĥأ
Ңȴ˵ԼͲŮӳףôͲĥˣ
ˣֶЩ˵
ԪҲ˵ӡյǹ໰Ҫ˵ˣñᡣ֪ˣڮٻʼ氡
Ңȴǳʧȥ˹ȥ򶨡áʶ̧١ڮ٣ʵʵ˵ҲڮϱƻңҪȢҲ֮ˣǰһƬ谵һʲôò˵ģ
ҢæסҢͣܣҢˣȥҪﶪˡ
Ԫ⣬ҢߣҲߡҲߣΪʲôҪߣ
˶֣æͣ˵ҢʤȼˡϢɡ
ҢЩֲֻ˰˹Ķ
дͼ޸ôԸģŪɣ˹۾͸ɱ
һҹ̫ƽԺһֻ
һֻ򵥵ĺȴ岻á룬Ƿߡ
̫ƽ٣ٰá
̫ƽ˯ʱȴ˵Ԫˣƺ˲õϢ
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485 

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486 ÷ݯ

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487 ӭȢ

̫ƽظ֮Ϸ˾˰̫ƽ˹˵Լ岻ãþ̫ƽûˡ
̫ƽȻȻӦˣóԼԵõľͣ˵ĸ⾫ĨںϣٸãԸõİʹ磬˯Ҳ˯øá
СƤӾãóʵĶҿġϷЦ˵̫ƽ̫Ѩϡ
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ԪŹŷѾǷУŷҪ״ԪԪ϶Ҫ¼εġ
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̫ƽȥʱſϿޡ


488 

̴ľױбڵأ鱦ܵĽűߡ
ܣסڲ΢ȴʹࡣ
̫ƽ߹ȥַ˼ϣҪޣáҲ黹תġ
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ǾϷԣҪͻ飬ҲѾˣӺ޷ڵĿܡ
Ӻȥʱ򡣿ԪļʹĻͺˡܻΪҪȢ
ҪȢˣʲôȢѾҪˡΨһ¾ʣϧԵˣԵǲҪġԪ̾˿˵࿴ᷳΪһԹżһôôȥأ
Ӻ˵˵ʲôڵûУ˵أ
Ԫ̯̯֡ûˡ


489 Ե

Ӻ˾ͺ˪һ
Ԫ˵ôмˣ޶ˣҲǺ°
Ӻ˵ʲôתǰߡ
Ԫ̾˿
ûãϾͰݴͻʥֱּ͵˶Ӻ
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֪ˡ
һ뵽ģȥ̫ƽȥӺġӺȻȢңԭҪȥУ԰͸Ӻģһж߻ģԲԣ
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ǰУӺǲϲҵġӺϲӦǽ㣬԰û뵽ɣһ죬ϲҲ᲻ϲġܿˡ
ŷϣŷǱףӺȻһţʵ̫ˣ
ҿδӺ⣬ӺܲûаĽ֮һŷ۹
ΪʲôҪϸͻأǹҪŷ𣿡ŷ˵
п̫ƽӺͻģϣӺȥ飬ӺȥˣǻԼ˼Ҫͻ飬ӺϲŮ˭ҺҲ֪Ӻ̫ƽ˳飬ôת۾ҪӭȢأŷ˵
ô˵ˡɼ޸ӺҲԸ޸ˣĻ̫ˣһҪһҪܺݺݵĥŷŭ
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ٷ߷ߵ˵¶Ϊܹ롣ܹȴһ㶼顣
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ʲôҵδ֮ǰǸ̫ƽδ򸾵ġΪ
ˡ̫ƽ֮ͨͲӺδˣ˵ˣӺǻϴͻ顣Ѿûзڵˡ˵
ܾſϿ
Цʲôǰ㲻Ը޸ŷ֧ģҪ޵ӺʲôõģܹҪ˵ģܳΪӺҾ⵹һźԵҸϷ˶ǳˡ
Ҫ̫ƽҪȥӺн죿Һ̫ƽˣҧгݵ˵
ԭ̫ƽĺ⣬˵ҵҪȥлһ̫ƽҪ̫ƽ⣬ôһԵأϴϲ
ĸף̫ƽɣ鲻ãҳȥɢɢĿĲȥӺңҳȥһ£ūǸҵġܿ˵
ðɣҪǵǧȥӺˡ
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490 

ܸճûã˦ū
Ѿһˣܲɵظ̾ԼĴԭҴҲġ
ϧܰѴô˵ط
ҪȥӺӺ
ֻǣ֪ܲŷ˶ſڣһǾͶˡ
ܰǶ֧ߣһˣ͵ڰԼڼվ֮СЩܿͰܸץסˡ
˭Ҫȥ
Ǹûи˵˻ᣬһ鲼ܵ͸סˣһʹŷǰ
̫ƽŷһʲô뿪ҪȻҸٴι㡣
⻰ŭŷǰ㸸׺һֻŸˡһŹŮ𣿡
߿ӺδޣҶһ¡ӺҲŹ㣬ҪˣӺϲءܼˣŷŹ߹
飬Ҹ㣬Ӻ㲻мһˣӺϲĽ㣬̫ƽȻҽҪҲҪϲ㣬ҲҪ㸺Ҫݺݵĥ㡣ŷЦ
㾿ʲôܼˡ
ʲôϾ֪ˡŷܰڵϡ
ƴǣóŷȻһֻţչǱܴ˺ܶࡣ
ܽ˺ҲûӦŷ
ŷռܡ
ŷĶǳ³Ūȫۣ۵ģġ
ŷվ˵ֻĥ㣬û뵽ôóԣҵǶǳȤˡ
ղŶĿһУ߹˵ˣô죿
ô죿ӺҪôŮˡҪҪ͵Ӻŷ·Ц
ѾˣڵŷҪ͵Ӻ
ŷϸָָܵ°ͣЦΪȥӺҳȫ㣬ΪֲȥأĪ㻹ٸһΣ
Ц˳裬һͷײˡ
ǿӣֲ
ŷ˵ְѹ˵ϣٴθ
ܵĺ˵ϣֱϮڣֻȫ͸ˣƤĦѪ
ǶڼЦԼĺ࣬ҲԼϣˡ
ŷ˵㻰ı͵Ӻ
Ӻŷҵ̧˽ˣܿ¹ڲͷңϻۣһæūǶȥܾʲô
ȴһԣֻ֪ޡ
Ӻ˵ŷҵ˶ʲôˣңΪƽ
ܿӺӣ΢һЩסӺ˵ңǲϲңǲǲʲô㶼ң
ӺܲŮᣬǾ˵ŷҵ˺Բԣ˵ʲôȻġΪҵδޡ
ⷬذѴеܴˣΪӺϲڣӺĺڰΨһһ⡣
ץסӺ֣ͺץס˺ڰΨһľݣʵŷȻҡûܻ˵˻ѣ
ӺŭдϷҸŮ£ŷϼҵ˾ȻҲóǺųԼǰ壬ԭһۻ࣡
ܿ˵ֻҪүԸңҲϣˡ
ôܾأУҪŷȥʸŷҾħˣӺ˵ߡ
ôסˡ
Ӻŷң֪ѾŷˡǿôǺѽ
ǣӺ˵ȥѾȥˡ
ŷҡŷףӺ˵Ѿܴͻڱ˵ĶӰܰܵŷĥǾӣ
ŷ˵Լ֪飬ǰŷ˳ŷЦֹĥܣѾҸˡѾɾˣôڻҪ𣿡
Ӻ׷ʲô£ʢŭ֮£ȥһȭʹŷϡ
ŷڵء
ŷ߹סӺƾ޾ݣӺαҪСĺأ˵ĲлҶôῴأ˵ˣδޣӺԼûܺã˭أ
ӺŭҪȥ߻ϣˣ̫ˣ
ֻȥ߻ϰʧδ޵ŷϵѪЦʱӺʹ˶ñˣ


491 Ҫ뿪

Ӻͣס˽Ų
ŷȻɶ񣬿˵û
Ѿˣȥǰ֣ʧĿܵӺҲ޹ġ
ң˵ϴŭֱӰ£ܵ٣Ⱳ޳ͷ֮ˡ
ӺΪָȴ֪ŷļʧȥ֮󣬶һŮӶԡҲûйվˡ
ŷԵذ򼸸ӣŷܾҪŷȢؼңĥͬܡΪǵĹܻá
ӺɫԽԽأŷЦӺˣ϶ϣִȮ޵ҴǸԼҲ⣬һװ׵Ĺôö˶˵ļﲻͷأ˵ˣأѾأӺ𣿡
Ӻ˵ô£һ죬ղǣյģ
ŷЦֻ֪ҵֻţԪһٵģ㲻˵ҵš
Ӻ˵Ľţ˵ĳͷκ˶ûйϵ
ŷˣŲȥҼң
Ӻмתˡ
ŷİӶ߷ˣףôҡڵˣ
ߣôѵӺ𣿡ŷָŷͷɵɵܷŹǣ
ŷˣףεԻᣬһҪμӡ
ôμӣĽûôáŷҡҡͷ˰ɣԻ᲻ҪǻĿĵһλǲμӲμûá
סεԻᣬҲ˭νǶ˵ȴҪײһֱ˵ûǶ֤ԼõĻᡣŷ۾͸ɱסȭͷӺԪʧҵ
ɱûͬ⣬ʲôŷһͺһûͬ⣬Ͱƭ
ף֪ˡŷ˵Σ̫ƽ
Ҫʲôŷһ̫ƽɲܣѣ
ŷЦ̫ƽҽֻ߳ҪйҵĽžͿϺͿԲμԻ𣿡
ŷŭҪô˵ŴӦ˵㲻ҪμԻˣ
סӵĽܺأǲǾͿԲμˣŷ׷ʵ
ĽûһأǺò˵ģҲһͺ˵𣿡ŷֱţҪ𣿡
ף̫ƽҽǣžͲ̫òκˡŷһЦ׷ģ֪ô
㡭ŷطȥˡ
ŷЦˣΣҪȥһ⣡
ʱӺѾصܵͷ޵滨ꡣ
Ӻ̾˿˵ܹԳϴ㣬ΪҪƭ
ʵү£Ҫô˵أ
Ӻ̾˿˵ǡΪҪѡأһδιұǾñ޴ñ𣿡
үΪ˵û˼ܼˣѾʧȥһˣҲʧȥӺˡ
㻹ҪƭΪιһ˴ӶҪұҪŷأӺ̾˿˵벻֮ˣ
ܹסӺ˵үҴˣҰɣĲ֪ŷ˸ҵģ
ӺַڶͷϣЦǰʲôǶԵġ֮ˣпɺ֮񣬱ˡ
ӺġʹԭҡӺҳΪ㣬лġ
δޣǰܼ棬㲻֪ӺЦȻãÿһ仰˵ѣҲΪϲںֻ±Ҫ㣬ûӰˣ
ǵģӺϲ㣬ںģܱסӺĴȣӺȥԼȥϲԪԪܾ֮ҾͲϲˡҵӺģӺҪҺ𣿡
ָȥ˹⻬ϸӺ̾˿˵ɡһ˰һ¡
ӺӦԶ뿪ҡȻҾͲ
ôִأӺҡҡͷ˵
Ӻ֪ϲ̫ƽ㣬ͬˣӴԺһӱ㣬ᵽʲôǰ飬ǵ˼𣿡ܵɴ۾Ӻ
ݣһͷ


492 ˽

ӺɲǼ䣬ȻԼĺۺۣôҪһο壬ʱôõһǰͬˣ˵Ķ԰˵¡ֺγǧٿףϣ˸أ
жôˣӺûһλĸжˡ
ʲôҲ㰮ҡֻúõİ㡣ԼӺᡣ
֪˵滰ǼٻǱлл㣬ллʱ˵ЩǼٻҲϣٻһֱƭȥ
ӺģôƭأޣԺúõչ㣬ҲҪôεӰֻһҲһ˹ȥˣòãܴ
Ӻ﷢ô˾Ȼ޵ӡڰһ§˻ããҴӦ㡣Զ㡣
Ӻܵϡ
ڵЦˣɹˣڳɹӺ
Ȼ˳ޣ̫ƽ㿴𣿹ȥϲˣһҲϲҵġӺˣԪҲġҲԶӰӣ
ȻӺܲ˲ᣬ˵˷ȥ𣿡
õġܺߵص˵ͷ̵룬ӺȥһǳԼ־ʱ򶨹˭ҿأĵλǱ̫ƽҪߣ
̫ƽֻһûҪŮԪһ˵ҪҪأӺѾҪˣδ಻ʲôϵأ
뵽ܺȻҲЩڣΪʲô֮ǰû뵽һ㡣
Ϊʲô֮ǰӺ޸Ӻأ޹ȥˣôõ£Ϊʲô֮ǰ벻͸ȴͰ͵Ҫ޸Ԫأ
ӺܻʱҹĻϣѾ˿ʱ
Ϸ˺̫ƽһţϰ³зƸ⳴Ϸر𰮳һˡ
ϻˣܳзϷ˾˰зưըˣѺٸ»Ƴһ͹ȥϳԡ
ӺʱϷڸ̫ƽ̸һ̥飬Ϸ˵Ѿ̫ҽϰһ̥ʮа˾Ǹкӡ
ϲĸҪˡ̫ƽЦ
ǵġ̫ƽ㲻ҪܵˣϷЦúϲ£졣
ˣȻˣĸѾܵȦʹȵܵ͸ˣСȦҪǵܸܵճʱģȦǵܵһʱġ
Ϸ˿ȥ̫ƽϸָȦȦ϶̫ƽСͭ壬ʱ࣬ر档
̫ƽȻĲãȦôȤϷЦţȦҡҡ
ǰȦÿӶϲģֻСǳ󣬿϶Űءֶ̲ס˵
ѽѽϷЦտɿˣǻ׼ԵĴբзѴբззƸ⡣
ⶼ⡣Ц
֪㡣̫ƽТ˳ֿΪ룬ļȢ㣬϶ĸϷ̫ƽ֣Ц
̫ƽˣһЦĸȡЦŮˡ
ϷЦûûУûȡЦ˼˵һ̫ƽӣʱͷҲһˮˮ͵ģúϴһڣͷְָɣҶһᣬǺð
ģϻ۵Ҳ٣ǰһġЦ
ٿҡҶҪɵȥʱɲˡ̫ƽǫ˵
ЩԻӺ˶ͻͻĿ̫ƽȻԶ̫ƽݻô毺ã˲ˮȥˣ˸һظСͺŮ·һٴĶסˡ
ܻͷӺӣҲ˼֣̫ƽˡ̫ƽӺѾϲˣ㻹ҪҵӺЦôˣү֪ڵ𣿡
һŴĻӺʱ֮̾ǰܵԣԲϾߡ
Ϸ˿Ӻ񡣵Ӻ
ǱӺ͹ģϷ˺̫ƽܾ棬ϷҲܸлӺӺһԷӺȻˬشӦˣҲһԷ
Ӻ۽üҵ飬Ϸ˸ˣϷ˾ЩԾѽֲʡ
ϷĵĶ̫ƽ˵ӺĪǿ𣿡
̫ƽЦȻѾǴͻ飬ӺϣǺ𣿡


493 ԰

ϷҡҡͷǣٶҲ̫ˣм䷢ʲôأܹϵã磬ȥʡ
ԭϷ˼
ǣĸ㲻֪Һ֮䣬ϵǰˡ̫ƽΪѵ˵
ôˣ
ûʲôĸһȥʵġֻǣʲʲôĸҪ̫֡ƽ̾˿˵
벻̫ƽ˽Ϸ˾;ú֡
ҿǹȥ˹ϵܺõġԷʱϷ˵ڶ̫ܺƽ˵
εЦ̫ƽ㣬ѵڹϵ𣿡
Ӻ棬ܻס̫ƽ֣˵̫ƽ㣬֮ǰҲ¡㲻ҪⰡ
ô飬̫ƽǳϰˣ̫ƽͷĬţȻһʱ֪ôشˡ
ܿ˵̫ƽǲԭ𣿡
ӺЦ֪ǷʲôȻܹﶼǸˣʹдҪˣ߿ҵϣԭ𣿡
벻ӺȻʼܴԣ˵ˣ̫ƽЩ⣬ܿͻָ򶨣áãѵ֮仹Ҫ˰˵Ҵûйֹ㣬ʲôԺҲᡣ
ܿ޵øˣ̫ƽ⻰ʲô˼⻰˵ģʲôԲ㵣ġԺһ
̫ƽЦҪҲûа취ҷúϲ룬˵ʲôúܱ
ʵô˵̫ƽǵˣԭˣԽԽߣҲԽԽӲտʼϷҲסˣԽûôˣ
ӺȽԲЦ˵ʵüʲô޵ģǴͷܴβͣԲˣԲ˰ɡբзϲġ
Ӻһ˵˭ֵأͿʼԷķΧˡ
ԭŮͬϯģӺˣ˴ҵͬ⣬һˡ
Ϸ˿үǲǺæ￴ˣһϹͷˣϲЩ˾ļҲõġ
Ӻ˵ϷˣΪԻҪˣҺԪкܶҪ죬ԣ鲻ʱģԻһᾭġ
ЦҲأӺѾϴͻ飬պǾǰ϶һˡӺȷҪŶԡ
˵ˣ
̫ƽЦܣùȥӦءǺˣ
ɫͨƻ
ӺҲΪ˵Ͼڣ̫ƽӺߣӺ̫ƽǺиоġ
ҪӺܶԸ̫ƽǾ͸ˡ
Ϸ˾εǳĹ죬Ǿ岻ΪǰˣӺֻøȥˣȥ֮Ҳ˵Լˡ
̫ƽϷãϷ˵ӣӺѾܡǺ£Ϊʲôüëô졣ܾǻأ
ĸǹˣʵӺܹʵ˴ҲǺõġҸˣԶҲǺ¡̫ƽ
ҲָΪЩʲôԼҸҾҲˡϷ˿ʹˣʲôûм͸˺ܶ飬ٶٻǹġҸԼġ
ĸ˵ĺܶԡĸʲôɵĵأ̫ƽᰴѹϷ˵ĺ˵
Ҿ⺢˼ԽԽˣ뵽ţǼȥˣǼװǰӺأʵﲻġⲻǰһӿԸģںȻԸˣҾ̫ˡ
Ҳһ˾ֻһ˲¡ĸĪû𣿡
Ϸ˵ʱ԰ףеģλûأҺүүġ
Ϸʱ÷԰ѩϹүڷҲϷ˵ӴˣһöһϷ˵Ҳβˡ
̫ƽȥˣ·԰ʱ̫ƽԥ£˽ȥ
԰ɻǶƫƧһʲô˶ûУĹϸҵĻڡ
ƽû˹̫ƽ԰ĺȥѻ۶˹ҪȻۡ
֣ô￴зأ̫ƽ˵ҹɫ۷˳
ĺæ߹ȥС㣬ϣ֪˭һѡ
̫ƽˣǷѲ£ӦǸɵģ֮ǰﲢûпѣνˣɼҲ뿪ȥġ˭أ
ʱһȺ۷䳯̫ƽ


494 

Щ۷ڣ۷䣬䣬̫ƽȥ
ĺֿ죬ӽͰЩȫˡʬɢ԰ϡ
̫ƽ鿴˵֣Щƺġԭĺվ̫ƽǰģֻΪˣǴȥĺɣΪʲôҷȥأ
ūҲֲ֣ˣ˽ȥһˣҲֻԹأĺһ
̫ƽ侲طԭֻһжصζֻҡ䣬ǲʲôˡǻζΪĳζɹȥ
ôʲôرζأūôŲĺһ
ˣҸոոԼ·϶Ѭ㣬Ѭ㡣ȥѬĲ㡣̫ƽԼ
ʲôأƽѵѬĶ𣿡ĺ˵ͷū澲ϡ
Ҳصһ㣬ҪΪȽ˱Ƚ١̫ƽɫ
ôΪǽˣĺɻǲ
ҵáƵġ̫ƽȥЩ䡣
СģҪǣõģжĺæס
ĺɡ㲻Щ𣿡̫ƽüë
ĺɵͷЩ䳤֣ѰƷֵ䣬ū澼ȥ䣬ûһֻӵġ
̫ƽ˵Ͻʬ屣뿪лȺͣǻ飬ǲŹġ
ĺɵͷǣ
ʬ壬߻ȥ
ʱҹɫڡ
̫ƽţȻˤһӡ
ĺæȥǣ̫ƽȻǰӰƶ
̫ƽæ˸ꡱơ
ĺɻ⣬
̫ƽȻ󿴵Ǹ˽ƽˡ
¹Ǹ˵˳
Ǹǣ֣
̫ƽһô
ôˣ԰ʲô
԰ϷҪ߶
ֿǸִеġ
Լ˹أҹ԰
ⲻԼԼ
̫ƽľȻˣĺʣҪҪȥ̫ƽȴ˵Ҫˡǣ߽԰̫ƽĺɲȥ
ֹûдģ뱻˷֣Ĩڹġ
һܻ̫ƽײ
ûС
ֿˣΪȥʬ嶼ĺɼˣֲûзˡ
ǣˡ
ȽƫƧľϡ٣ˣټԲô໨ۣġԣǣ䡣
ҲûоһĴΡÿζźܶǡֺˣй¶ܣˣ;
ֻȥ󣬸Ϸ˶˰裬˵֣궯һҺúܿˡ
Ϸһֻˣģĺˡ
ǣϷˡִ˸Ƿūȥϴˮ
Ϸ˵̫ƽû˯ɣû˯˯ǰ̫ƽһ£ҲŻ޵ȫˬ
ǵġӦûû˯ġūȥ˵ˡ
Ϸ˺Ų裬òôԾüëĿɿˡ

̫ƽǾ겻ԭϷġϷһֱ˲Ҫȥ԰Լȴ˹ȥ԰кܶܣϷ˲Ųȥ
ϷΪ԰ôأ
Щ䣬Ǵأ
̫ƽ뵽Ϸ˵ǳ¹
Ϸ˼Ȼǳ¹ˣ䣬ûпǳ¹еĶأ
⣬̫ƽҲѡڱ߹صȸӦ֪
̫ƽȸд˷ţúãҪߡȻֹˡ
̫ƽæǷţص˳
߽ĺɾţһ
̫ƽĺɳȥЦֳ𣿿Ϸң
ѩһ¾׼ȷϷˣɲҪӷǻպãԡϷϲأ˭ҲУֻЦһá
̫ƽЦһ㡣ϣǳԵһȽϺá߰ɡ
ЦϷ˺ǡǡ෴ϳԵࡣĿôԶ֡
̫ƽ߱˵ȡЦˡ
ڶʯ棬̫ƽֵӷ׵ģ书Ρ
ȻתЦū澶ʣĺôˣôū澣èèһ


495 

̫ƽһЦˡĺɾû˼ĺɿһֱǳֵġ
ЦūҲֻһ˵ûҪĺɵ˼ﲻҪϡ
̫ƽЦ
̫̽ƽ̫ƽ᲻֪أ
ǣ̫ƽȻֻɵĺɡ
ĺȻ书ǿɵȴ˭ĺɻǸСŮ֣뵽ղֲײˣȻΡͱȽϽˡ
һˣָϷ˿һˣ۾Ϸ˸ѩ
Ϸ˷Ϸ˯죬̫ƽ
ԭϷ˵ʪ֢ÿ춼ǳƣһϾ˯ǣһ˯ͷ䡣
һ˯á
̫ƽЦĸҸãáģʪ֢Ժá
ǸáϷ
̫ƽϷģȻϷ˰ĦͷƤȻ˵ĸɲԸһЩ¹鰡ŮȻǳ¹ų¹˵ѪӦ֪ϸ㡣
ɲǳ¹ֻǳ¹ˣүүɲǳ¹ˣɲ˵ġϷ˺Ȼ쳣˵¹ʵҲûʲô䣬ϾǱС
Ϸ˽˺ܶ࣬ȴΨû䡣
̫ƽҲֱ䣬Ϸ˿ˡʹסϷ˽ġĶˣܻὲİɣ
ڶ죬̫ƽֹϷˡ
̫ƽ˵ã˯һ㲻ˣ˯ͦõġ̫ƽࡣϷЦ
áĸϲͺá̫ƽЦ
ֹ˵죬Ϸˡ
Ϸգգ۾ôˣ˻죬ҲŮҪҲա
һǣѾˣϷĪǲ
˵岻߰ɡϷɫ˵
˵ˣǳϷ岻ġΪѵ˵
뿴ûԲԣϷû˵
̫ƽЦĸȻˣ淴ǲӣǴȥǶҲǲõġ
Ϸ̾˿˵Ȼ̫ƽ˵ˡǾȨҼһʲô˵ˣ˵弫ã뿴᲻Ӻҩġ
ϷĻˡЦ
ڴŶΪѾܾˣСƽ̹ģ˿еļ
ȴ˼Ĩٸģѷٸ߸ߵӣͷҲ÷ȹ֮ǰŮİȹˣҲ÷˶ˡ
ʲôĸȻңˣ˸ҪˣĸǲϸӰɡѲ豭һƣˮ˳̴ľӶʪˡ
統Ȼǹģ̴ľӸ߹󣬱ʪˣǻӰӰɫϷ˰ϧҾߣƫҪļҾߡ
߳ˣ˵ﶼ˼ٷˣôסϷ˲ҲֻһȣͰѲˮˣϷӰ̴ľӸŪѿϷû⳥ˣΪһˣԲžʹˡɡ
һ룿ʲôҳȥ𣿡
뵽ȥˣϷˣҪҪˣĿϬӲ
类סҽӻֻĬĬظȥ
ǸСģȥףҲϷ˿ӻضޣǣ粢жΪ뵽ԼĽţǱ̫ƽŪзϵġ
ãϷһֱ̫ƽ̫ƽĽŪзˡϷҲܣԣһֱϷˣϷôã綼Ӷ
һöԷԼƫôԷôãжԷһ˺ãԡǸ˵ĸͳΪͽ͡
ˣ̫ƽĿʱָսָ׶ˡ
μĸ
㡣̫ƽЦþòˣĽҲˣ
ȻˣҷҺáұҽҽΣȻҵĽŻûȫã·һȳһյģٲҪˡҵĽ˳Ҳ̫ƽõĸѽÿ仰͸Ŷ񶾺䳰ȷ
̫ƽЦĽűҽκˣǸҲΪеˡ
еˣҾ㻹ء缸ҧгˡҸɽ̫ƽѾ̫ƽˡ
Ϊʲôأܴˡ̫ƽƵЦ


496 û

ͷϷȻŵģȴǰľ󿴵һ
ͱˣ̫ƽĵȻӦԣʹһжһȭ޻ϣ޶
òҧ촽ʲôأ̫ƽ˿ûнеĴ㣬Ϸ˸˷˵ԼҪˡ
Ҫˣ
Ȼǲϵġסˣ̫ƽôžҪߣʲôĪǲҡԿҾҪߣҵӦöһ̫ƽҽ߳ȻҵĽŶãһͨоκҵĽšɼ̫ƽǲҵĽŰ˵ʲôԭ̫ƽöǺ޽֮ġҵҪ⻰ȥҵǿ̫£ȢûееŮΪ𣿡
ˡϷ̲סˣ˵磬ؼΪ˳⻰ȥ˾ͻҪ֮ǰ㸸׸ҽβĽţȴҪ̫ƽôȥ㸸ûб£˵ˣ̫ƽҽٸߣҲ֢˵ģֻǸˣֲƾʲô¶ͷϣǶĴ治ͲҪǺϾϵˣҲǺڣͲӦýǶޣ㸸ͨҾͲˡһʲôĺ֧ţҲǱ۸ķݡ
һȭϣֱࡣ
Ȼٶ̫ƽҲҵϷ˵淢ˣæЦߵϷߣ˵ĸãŮˣηҲϣæҲǳ½⡣ĸҸ˺ܶóԵģ㰮Եġ
ŶҴʲôϷ˸Ȥ̧ͷ
ϷϬĿεشóһЩԲ档
ϷЦЩ𣿾ЩҸеǣõ𣿡
˵Ů֪ĸҪŮʲôġŮڸҲòôӸĸ˲Ρ
˰ɡѶ¡赭Ҳϣһ£緹ɡϷЦüۼǲм
Ƴˣæ˵緹ͲˣǱѾˣһȥأлĸ
Էߣ˻ΪǶдءϷЦ԰ɣĪˣҶء
Ϸ⻰磬ʵǾ̡ﻹæ˵Լ岻һ̾ˡ
Ϸҡҡͷ˵ǸµģأֻǿûڰˡҲ֪ΪʲôΪǵôҶģ粻
̫ƽЦҵô˵ˣǳҵĻŻġĸαΪɵأ׻˵úã޳ȥŮóȥˮȻѾˣͺҶûйϵˣദദĺãһݣദˣˣ͸İһαΪ˶󶯸λӰԼĺأ
ǰϷˣūҲΪòֵޥģ˵Ļ˰ˣָʲôʲôҲЦˡ
Ϸ˴Ȥ̫ƽǲǰָȥˣһֱ˵
ȻûУĸ뵽ȥˣ̫ƽŵ˵
ýͣ㿪ЦءϷ̫ƽ۵Ц
ЦﻹΪںϷ˵ĻҪȻγɴݲȵôţϷЦɲҽղū澶ŵҪء
һʲô˵ġˡϷҡҡͷɡ
̫ƽһȻŷ˵Ǿ̫ƽҽܲȥҽһ£
˵常зŷȡҲûһŮȥβĵǵѱˣԲᣬҳǮ̫ҽȥκˡϷ˷߷߲ƽ˵
̫ƽ˵ϷˣҲ̫ˡŷȻ̫ƽˣ̫ƽܲôҲҪͷһ¡
Ŷôأ̫ƽϷ˸ȤЦ۹ӣġ
̫ƽЦŷҪҽȻҲȥҿɱ˼װҹȥ
ޣ˭ȥأϷЦ
ĸ¾֪ˡ̫ƽصЦ
صԼԺ̫ƽһڣ̻ûãԪѻǾͷɹˡ֮İţҲֻ̫ƽԪԪѻǶ


497 

ѻ̫ƽ֣ѻ̫ͣƽֱָϡ
̫ƽѻëЦܰȥִһ𣿡
ѻͨһ˵ͷų
á̫ƽж˵ε΢еΣգǿӳΪôô顣
̫ƽ̾˿˵ǿӳҾԲȥôΣյ£ǡ
ѻǷˡ
ŷյ̫ƽĻ˵Ͼ͵ŷԺţΣ̫ƽĴϻ۲ˣŶȡŴô۸̫ƽ
˭֪ȻһȺѻŷ˹ȥ
ôѻŷ书ٺãҲһֱ㲻ôѻʱϱĵѪģôÿʱ͸һ
ŷǳѻѾˡ
ѻǷɻȥ̫ƽϲ̫ƽѻѻ˿ԣ벻ǻܹۼȺڰǺġ
ѻˡ
ŷˡ뵽̫ƽΪ󳳴ֵ˵Ҫȥ֣Ǳŷץסʲô˵̫ƽû֤ءȥ˼׼Ƿӡ
УӾʲŷǼӣôҲҪֵ̫ƽ٣ʲôҶ
ŷ̾˿˵ȻҪȥǿԣһ䣬ҽôŪԱȫԼȫˣֿ̫ƽ١
ãҡŷ֪ǫˡ
ŷ׿ӵı仯ˣ˵ȥ֮Ͷ˵㲻Сڴϱס̫ƽΪϴˣΪѾߣȻ̫ƽȴŪˣ˿֪˵ʵҲʵ̫ƽ۵ͷ̫ƽˣҲˣˡҲȥ״Ҳûκˡ
Ǻð취ãҾȥŷ˼ˡ
ʱϣã̫ƽӾİ塣
İպӾѾͺˣ˹ϵԽԽˣһء
һߵ̫ˣһҪߡʱģ̫ƽָǡ
ʱٻŻŵܹ˹ŷſڴ󳳴ֵģÿһ䶼ڻٻء
Ȼ£̫ƽЩ֣ҳȥ
̫ƽԺⴰϣ͸⿴ֻŷżӣŷһȫˣվ̨ϴ󳳴֣˵·ϲСĿ̫ƽСϴ˱ǿϲ¡
ֻǿѣҲòŰˡȢ㣬˾ǣİŷڿ˵ԼѾ̫ƽ壬侮ʯ޳ѽ
˶߷߲ƽҪȥŷ̫ƽסˣȥ򣬻߶Ӧ͸ʵҵĻˡ
Сô죿ѵ˵˵𣿡˵С㿴ǹΧ۵ԽԽˣʱСĻʹȥˣôźأ
ȱ𳳣Ұһ£ˡĸǱ֪ûУ̫ƽ򶨵˵
˵ţ˹Ϸ˽ȥأŷ£Ϸ˺ء
̫ƽ͹ȥˣ˵֣ŷ£ɹֲС㣬С޹ϵҲ֪СӲŵģʲôʱǻħˣģ
ЦϷȻ֪ʲôԵģⲻϷΪ취ء
˴Ϸͷ϶˺޶ס
ս̫ƽ֣˵ǻħǶſڣͼǶǻӦͰֵԽԽЦˣ˵ô죿
̫ƽ˵£ŮҲȷ֪ô졣
ã㲻֪ô죬ʱҾȥǰһ״ȥϷÿ
Ҳ˵˭˭Ǹ״ҲûãһҲƫ̻ŷҵġŷ˵ҴҲȷǱŪˣֲܹ֤Ūġ̫ƽʱȴԵ˴ݲȡ
ŷȻɻҲҪȥŪ㡣̫ɶˡһԼոˣ˭ḶôĴȥҪ̫ƽأԴҶĻϷ˴ŭ
а취ģĸаʤ̫ƽ˵
ʱڶľ¥Ԫݡ¶˳
վԪ˵ˣŷ̫ɶˣȥɱɣ
ɱҶҪ˵̫ƽɱԪסˡ


498 ̫

סȭͷָ׶̵棬ҧгݵ˵ôأѵأܹﱻ۸𣿶۸͸ˣһİˣҲӲܵģοܹѽˡ
˵𣿡Ԫϸָס豭ָһǲ豭ϷˣӲĴͱ˷ĩ˳ָ˵ϣԪ۾ѾͨһƬ
ĪԪȻѾ˵ˣһܡô̫ƽһоȡ
ԪѾˡ
̫ݵԪȻ֣ŷһǣôԾŷҪԣ¹
ŷôĵӣҶ̫ƽ񣡡Ԫŭ
Ŀ⡣ԳԵŷ
ŷһ̫ûûУܹ񡭡һˡ
ֱǡǱ˵ģ㾹ȻƵ̫ƽϣ㵱Ҷɵ𣿡Ԫֱǣŭɶˡ
ŷŵú亹Ԫô֪ŷǱ˵ģ
ǵġ̫ƽŷҲָ򶨣ѵ̫ۿҵûеĻ벻Ҫ˵
㻹Ʊ硣ƺۼ̫ҽҲԸǱ˵ġҪҽ̫ҽ֤ǿ𣿡ԪҲʾ
ŷЩˣǣһҧ̫ƽŪģ̫ˣ̫ƽ֪ʲôߣҺģ
ܺáԪŭɶδ̫õ
ʲô
˶ʧɫŷϥǷվ̫£˵ʲô
Ԫ˵˵̫ƽǹδ̫ǻ֪ɣº̫ƽͶˡ󣬹¾ӭȢŷ̫ƽñˡ㣿
ŷæ˵̫¡
̫ƽ̫ǻ֮ˣŷ̫ƽ̫ƽûŪŷŷĴ
˻֮˾ǲһλҲӸߵˡ
Ԫ̫ƽΪδޣҲ˽
Ϸ˴ϲԪڶð𣿡
̫ƽߵ쵽˲ӸģһǴˡ
һпǣôˣ˵ˣͲˡϷ˸˼ˣ̫ƽԪΣʱվ㣬һУҲոձ衣ʵܿɹ󰡡޼۱ѵɡ
̫ƽ˵ĸ͵͵ȥ
㲻ţȥɡϷȴЦ绨Ԫıֺܲ»԰һԷ
̫ƽˣȴͣ
˵С㣬ߴ·ˡ
̫ƽŷԼ̫ˣƽʱôϤ·д档
٣Ҳȥˡ̫ƽȻֽӵĸо
ȴӲǰ̫ƽȥС㣬ū˵㣬Ϸ˵Ķԣ̫½ֺܺáҪһԶٷ
ѾͷʲôʱϷ˵Ӧˣ̫ƽֵ
ƤЦСô˵ãǣū澶ΪС㰡
̫ƽ˵ǣҲȥ
С㾿ʲôһĪǣС㺦£̫û˵
̫ƽվסˣȷ¹ֲǡʲôԼ֪
С㣬߹ū澣Ҫ¸һ㡣Ц
á̫ƽͦ߹ȥ
Ԫ㾿ˣʲôУ̫ƽǲԪıˡ
ȵԺСϣԪŷ׿˵һᰮ̫ƽһӣҲһӡ
̫ƽ߼ˣԪôˣ¸ﵱ˵
С㣬˰ɣЦܸ̫ˡ
̫ƽĬˡ־ϲֿࡣ
Ԫ֪̫ƽˣҪץŷȥˣȻӹ䴦˹̫ƽĶףô֪֪ϲ̫ƽһֱûеõϵͬŶĪǣΥʥּ𣿡
⻰һΧ۵İն۷׷סվӡ
ԪһЦʴӦӦ̫ӵô֪أѵ̫ӵµʱҲ͵𣿻ںߵģ
㡭ֻЦŻر⣬Ҫ͵ǻϺҵģô𣿡
ԪЦҲǡֻ̫ӵ¿֪ܲϺҲ͵͵ˡ
˵ôܣŭûϿЦ޿ġ
ûпЦԪЦҲû֤֤Ļǻ˵ģԲԣûϿЦġӦ㡣
ŷæ˵ǵģ˵̫ƽ䲻̫仰Ҳ˵


499 ǲĵ

ǿʼ۷׷вָŷΪ֪Ԫ˵ѣǣŷӼ߰ߣ֮ǰѹǹе£˸ŭԣԪ̫ƽ¡ְʩడ̫ƽΪҽġˡģԣǲ˭˭ǶԪ̫ƽ
Χŷ·ҪŷԸԪġû뵽ָߣϾ˵龿ôġҲ»£ǡ
ĶӣŷʲôȥأҲҪβ뿪
˭֪Ԫסŷ˵ڶſ֣ôܾһ֮Ҫ̫ƽǸ
̫£ȷǻ˰ŷָԼ߰˵
˵ˣǱ˵ġ㻹ϣԪ˽
ŷٲ˵ʲôˡ
ԪŷϣŷŶ͹
˵ԪŭĿӡ
ŷֻ˵ԲܹղŶں˵˵֮ԣҾð֮⣡ңҵǱ˵ģҲü޻㣡
ЩҶˣպΪܹ֤ԪԴҹ֡
ŷˣԪĶ֡ɲ
̫̫˧ˡԭӣӢġٿţ۾ﶼСˡ
̫ƽͷҴҵ߽ȥˡ
߰ô˰ˡһæ׷˹ȥﲻӦø𣿡
컰ôôࣿҪҪأ̫ƽȻͷװͰ͵˵
ٲ˵ˡ
߳ȥס˼Ҫ뿪Ԫ̫£ˣϷҪһԶٷ𣿡
ԪһҲáҲ̫ƽôˡ
̫¶һǶܸжЦɡ
ԪºϷ˾̫£һֱֱȥˣ˵ĵطϣ㲻Ҫ⣬Ϊڴ֮ͥ£Ѿ˵Ҽ̫ƽδ̫ƽȫϵ̫һϣûеʾĻ
Ԫ˿ڲЦ֪¼Ȼ˵óһ̫ƽ𡣶ˣ󸮵Ĳ衣Ƿúܡ£ϲ
̫ƽѾصԼһ
ֹЦ㻹﷢ʲôȥ̫ѾϷ̸˺ܾˣҲԼ⡣
̫ƽҡҡͷҲȥ
ҵѽô㷴ˣüëöʲôǳһϷȥأȥѽĵ̫ƽ
Ĳȥˣҽ岻Ҹĸ˵һԲ𡣡̫ƽִ˵
̾˿˵ūԽԽ˽ˡ
˵̫ƽѲԸϷ˺ԪЩԾ
ԪܿͻعһЦܹôˣûд󰭰ɣ
Цл̫¹ģֻ΢΢Щ纮ԣҽտԼκԼġ벻Ҫġ
Ԫ̾˿˵ôܲأ
ϷЦ̫£̫ƽʱִĸ͸̫ƽһʱ䣬ȥ̫ƽ˵˵Ҳ֪ʲô
ԪĿȴ͸ִżᶨûϵһȵġҲһг⡣
Ԫˡ
Ϸȥ̫ƽ
̫ƽϻ̳Ͽ֡ĸŮŮʵǹⲻȥ
ϷЦⲻȥͲӦòԪ㲻֪ԪжáԪŷ£͹ȥ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ǣŮû׼á
֪Ϸס̫ƽ֣һȲ衣
ĸǹˣλ᲻֪Ϸ̫ƽ⻬ϸ۵Ц̫ƽǾԪԶܲģǲǣʵ㿴ԪǲǶģĸȴͿˣԪȷһҪȻ㱻Ѻ̳ʱҲȣ˽ˣҪ֪˽ǻ̫ˣαҪٸ̹סֿ̫أ
Ҳڸ˽·;бƶ򵹣ҹƶ׷ٻ׷λͨԼҪʲôҡ̫ƽЦ
ֻ뷨ҵǾԪΪȥ˻̫Ϊ˻̫֮󣬻ϾͲͨˣ㲻ú𣿡ϷЦԪǶģĸҲ᲻ôӦ


500 ļᶨ

̫ƽԥȴĪЩϲá
Ϸ˼˵ԾԪ飬ϣܹ۾̫Ϲ¡
ǻ֮ǰһֱϣµ𣿡̫ƽһ
Դ¼֮󣬻϶ûǰôˣԻҲ֪ԼԽԽҪһܸɵ˰ԪĲŻԶ֮ϡֲǿģҲˣȻǸԪ֮ޡΪ˽ɽ𢳤ξðҲòԪȻһЩǻϷ˷
̫ƽˣҲֻĸĲ²ˣδؾģ˵ԪҲû˼ء
Ϸ̫ƽֱЦû˼һҲôʱʵһֱڹע㡣㣬Ű˵̫ȥֻҪĳˣͻ飬ӭȢ㣬ֻܴӦˣûʱٲˡ
ЦϷǹˣϷ˵˼ɣܹΪ̫ǶҲһ¡
ҲЦūûʸģΪǹҸūҲ˵һ䣬̫˺ܺãͷİɡϷ˿еӣܲȥأ
̫ƽɬЦðһ
ϣĺɹ˵Ϸ˼ԲǶ˹쳢ɣġ
̫ƽȥСԲһС滹ƮٺɫĹ𻨣ǿ˶ԡ
ҲһóԣϷôȻ뵽ǹԲأ
īЦ⻹ϷϣǹҲܹ޳ȥԲԲʮȫʮ
̫ƽϵĨӵīͷϣƶ죬ȥµϱ˺ܶ࣬͵˲ɣ
ī˵С㡣ר̵˵ԼҪӣƷָ߹󣬿ɲѬ㣬ˣˡ
˰㡣ȥһǶࡣ̫ƽһī㡣
ⷬñո뿪ˣֻԲſڻûߣ̫ƽĲɣ£ûпֻڡ
æȥϷˡ
Ϸ˴һʲô̫ƽһֱЯ㣿
ɫ벻ȥ԰ˣֲҾоˡΪֻŵ㣬ŻϮˡ
Ϸ˵ͷŲ豭ɫ
죬Ͷ˶û˵
ȴ˳ĬϷˣһֿʼˡ֪Ǹܣɾ͡
ϷɫһϬס豭˵Բ̫ƽ֪ܣ
ǣϻۣôܲ鲻أѵǻܰ԰𣿡ֿɥ˵
ϷЦԪҪӭȢ̫ƽ𣿵ʱ̫ƽͽʹˣлӴ԰ˡ취԰÷µŪɡ԰Ѿ̫ˣʱҪȥˡ
˵Ϸˣδҹζ࣬Ϊβϸ԰أ
Ʊػӿ̫ƽҪȥľġܣͱ¶Ϸ̾˿˵ʱſɡ˭̫ƽң۵ŮءǱˣҿɲôˡ
ʹ
ԪعȥϣҪӭȢ̫ƽľġ
ȻǲϣԪ̨һ
ϴŭ߹ȥʵ֪ǾԲöΪ׹ݵġ̫ƽ
ܺӺͻ飬ΪδӦأԪ⡣
Цǲһ֪𣿿̫ƽô
˵˵ȥϾǲ̫ƽΪﳼ𣿻үүԪʹ˵ǣﳼѾҪӭȢ̫ƽﳼ̫ƽ·үүȫ
ϴŭǺ֣˵ԣǲԣ
ԪͣؿͷүүˡҲҲ̫ƽŮˡѵϣﳼȢõŮ𣿡
˵Ǳ˼Ůӣûǣϣԣ̫ƽӲԣ
ԪͷĳѪˣǣϻûһ˿޶Ϊá㲻ܹһ㣬Ͳʴ޶ʵ̫ʧˡ
үүɲҪʴֻӭȢ̫ƽллˣүү
Ԫ˼ᶨʹؼվסԭɽһĲֵ
ǣֻǣ̫ƽɽһĲֵˣԪ˵


501 

Ϸȥ
Ȼͷ䣬涼˪ǣԪһ
ܶȰԪ˵ϵ⣬޿ܸı䡣
Ԫ˵ΣҲѾ޸ıĿܣ
һҹܶԪûԼڷֶϸո˵Ԫ̨ԭǹŵģɻǻȥˡ
ϴ󾪣Ԫںδ
̫ش𡣡Ѿ̧ȥĵϣ̫ҽ̫ˡ
ϹԪ԰ף촽ϣʱͻ
ôԼˣ޻۵ģ㲻֪𣿡
̫ҽˡ֮˵Ԫûд󰭣Ϊƣ͹ȣֻҪעϢעⱣůͿԻָ
ΪԪԭ򣬻ƳԻᡣپС
ԪûѹϢܿ촫˶䵽̫ƽĶ
Ϸ˴̫ƽϽ˻ϡ
ŭ̫ƽΪ޴ӦȢ㣬ڳһһҹԼˣڻԲѣȻǺջˮѽ̫ƽǺ˿֪֪
Ϸ˿ͷ˵ˡûŮ̺á̫ƽͷϴ
̫ƽ˵ϣŮ޴ϴ֮
Ϸ˵дд㻹Ӳĸ֮ǰôģ㶼𣿡
̫ƽ˵ŮϣһжԳŮгɼΥ̫µԸ̫ᲡأʵǻϡǳŮ
㡭Ϸ˴ŭ
ȴ˰֣Ҫס˵ȥ
̫ƽ˵ͷϣԸ֮ϡɲŮòϲ̸һ׮ԵǻȴӲҪԧ죬ֳЩ֮¡ΪζԳŮгɼѵֻΪŮĸǳ¹𣿻ΪŮ̫㣬ûϻ̿ˣΪʲôˣֻܰǳȥأΪλϾֻʣؽأ
Ƶ۵ȷһֱԼˡֻȴû뵽ҪúϣãҲֻһʱûã¼ľֹټȥȨɱ¾֮˵ֶΡ
ֻǣЩƵ֮ǰһֱû֡
̫ƽϷˣƵն̫ƽô˵ϣ
㲻Ҫ̫ƽ̫ƽ˵Ķԡ̫ƽ˵ⷬҲԶ֪Լȱ㡣Ƶ̾˿˵ҲǣΪξݲЩأ
Ϸ˰ͷڵϣٽӻ
̫ƽȴݲȵ˵Ӣܹú˼ԼΪҸҲѳΪһ
Ƶ̾˿˵̫ƽûڹȿ߰ɡ
Ϸ˼ˣϣ̫ƽᣬʲôڹҪˣǲҪ˰ɡ
ô㲻ޡ޻̫ƽ𣿡Ц
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̫ƽɣޱ֤Ϊֻϣѹ޵ĽɽҲֻн޲ŻѽƵ̾˿˵
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̫ƽƵۣһУƶһЦĸɣһµġ
Ϸ˿̫ƽ˵ˡһıҲ΢ˣ̫ƽ㲻Ҫ嶯Ҫ£Ҫ£Ҫ鷳֪𣿡
Ϸһ˵ôҪû϶ЦˡϷˣҪжൣıŮǶҲ̫ƽˣʲôõĵģ̫ƽ㶼ôģÿǵľ㹻跹˼ˡ
Ϸˡ
̫ƽԪĴǰԪɫ԰ףüͷǾҲӢޱȡֻǻ͸˵֮ۡ
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ǣ̫ƽ˵ķθ֮ԣûԪѹ
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ϾԹȥˣԪֻܳȥһ㣬ٲѹ롣
̫ƽ˯ţһֱԪĴǰ
ֱҹԺ˯ˣȻһů⣬æѣȴһ˫貵˫
̫ƽԭ˶𣿡ԵԪѹˡ
̫ƽһϲϵͷƿԪʲôԭ²ԭ£


502 ԰

̫ƽ۰񲻹ܹ˶궼б仯ԲһüˮЩ룬ԳдӢˣۺۺ񻨰һ
ʱ΢΢Ⱦ˺ɫͺϼϣжĶˡ
Ԫɵؿóˡ
̫ƽѾվ첽Ҫſȥ
ԪɴӴ̫ƽһ§סˡ
̫ƽҪߡԪ̫ƽĶ˵
ǳȵĺĶ׹ϡ̵ֱ̫ƽ䶼
̫ƽԪȴܻӭ
ԪϽս̫ƽ֣Ŀǳ̫ƽ֪ҵҽ֮͡ǰȲѣΪʺ˵̫λúֻѡһΪ˱ȫ㡣ֻܸܽʵҪ˻̫ΪֻҪȨ֮ҾܱİˣҾˣȴԽԽԶˡ֪𣿵ҿӺεʱҵж𣿵ʱǷĶ̵ҵϣʹһְ
ӯ̫ƽȴͷȥǴ⣬ſңҲţĻѻ˵̫࣬Ѿˣ
Ԫ̫ƽļԼҵ۾ûƭ㣬ƭ㡣ô᲻һڸǰһһҹֻΪøʴӦǳγף
Ҫ׾ͳ壬Ҫֿͷֿҵ˺֮֮ȥһƷ𣿡̫ƽҧԪֱϣٲſңҾҧֱۣ
ҧҵֱۣҲٷſˡԪĿȴ˼ᶨ
㡭ֱǸӡ
ǰΪ㣬ԸˡԪ˵
ǿˡΪҾͻӦΪҺõҵҲģΪҪƽ̫ƽЦ
Ԫ֣ɿˡ
̫ƽߵǰ˴⣬һ꼻ڿšȥĸ߹̫ƽ꼻ֻһ̣ʱҪϧȻҲˡ
̫ƽ۾Ȼʪˡ
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󣬺ȻĬһƬ
̫ƽתȴַﾹȻһˡ
Ԫȥˣƭӣ̫ƽʧؿոջ׵ôģû뵽㡭
һŮ˽ܹ̫Ѿˣ̫ū澸߹ȻﲻӦҪ޸ҪӴ뿪ʹ뿪ǣ뿪֮ء
ʲô̫ƽȻڵϡ
Ů˳ȥ
̫ƽʹ߿ޱƭӣ˵߾ߣٴΰӵ
Ȼ㻹ôңͲӦðƿȻ
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̫ƽʱˣƭӣƭңΪʲôƭң
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̫ƽǣƭӡԸƭӣҲóʧȥʹˡԪЦ̫ƽ¿ʼòãһúػ㡣
̫ƽҴӦΣܴӦ𣿡
Ԫᶨ˵ֻҪӦҾ취ûүүӦ
ϼݵ
̫ƽ˵Ȼ̫ѾѹŮиˡ
׼ϵ˵ܹޥġϣƲɼȥúޡ
̫ƽ˵ϹˡŮֻ˷֮£˵˷֮ѡ
̫ƽˣԪᣬ˵үүӦ
㶼ƣܲӦأ̾˿˵˵ˣ̫ƽȷ㹻㡣
үүڴӦ𣿡Ԫϲ
˵ֻһӦˣʣһ룬ôȡˡ
ԪЦֻҪүүܴӦҪﳼʲôﳼԴ
ЦεԻᣬܲͷô޾ʹӦ˸Ǵͻ顣
ãԪϲ۲ܣͷȻڻ¡
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ī㣬̫ƽ˵£ҲҪܣ˭֪ˣ
С㣬֮ǰͿūˣʲô𣿡īһ
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ǡīȥˡ
ֲϷôԪ˵ʲôո̫ƽˡ
ΪϷ˿ϣ̫ƽճѽҲס԰ܡ


503 Ѿ

У̫ƽƺ쵽ϷҪ԰»ٵļƻֹˣǣȴӶ
Ҫ֮ǰҵ԰ܣ
ϡ
ֻҹĴųͣϡ
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䣬Σ̫ƽûдͿѡûϮ
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ӺϣܹˣԲõѥӣϣӺ쿪ʤͷ
ӺЦԻᣬľͺãβҪ
ӺѾѹôˣʱӦһɳ죬Ϊ˵ĿȻϣԼδáܣˣﻹһ˫ѥǱõģҲ͸
Ӻж˵лл㣬ܡ
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С㣬ū澲ˣΪʲô̫´ѥһأѾߴͷԵʡ
ɵɵôװ׸ԪѥȻѥֽţԪϿ϶ˤӺŻӮܺҡεͷҵߵȷҪѾˣûмѾߣôܳɾҵҵ̫ƽߵѾ߿ɶǺвܵġ
С㣬ū֪ˡѾߴ
˵ȲҪضˡȥңѾҿߵļѾ߾ͦģѾһá
ҡ
ѾдܣãڣҪȥμһͻģøȡˣҪȻء
ѾܹĿģȥ̫ܺƽϵãѾҲ֪ģ¹꣬ܺȻ̫ƽӺδޣϸ緢ѾȻҲᵽһ˿ò͡
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ûûϵдݰ˰ѾЦóֽʣȻõġѾ߱ǿ԰װ׽ãΪһʽУһŶ
ӦõģҼȻĶȻҪӵġãдֻǽǧκˡܵĵ˵
ĺˣҵȻ߱ˡѾЦһá
ܰǩˣӡˡѾͰѼѾ߶ϲļ


504 

ܣͿǩԼ֡
ʵϣΪߺѿûϸݾǩˡȻܾѾͷ˼
Ϻ֪ܿѾߣ˵·Ͷ·ŮӣڸסͻˡԼŮҲûٶˡ
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ԪЦŶѥӡϰ˼ʮ˫ѥˣѾڸҸˣ»ûü
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ԪЦǸáǡ壬㲻Ҫѥ𣿡
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ӺԪļ˵Ůͺõģⲻҵ𣿡
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˵⼸ǳԻǰϦ˭֪᲻ʲô⡣õǲҪöԳȽϺá̫ƽ֣ص˵
Ц֪ˡ̫ƽҲԽԽˣξȻѾߡ˵סߡˡҲʣֶ롣
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̾ˡ
̫ƽսȥȻ￴ѾѾߡ
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ŷ׺ݺݴŷһ⣬ûĶӣҺ˵Ҫȥ̫ƽ㲻ţںˣػˣ̫ӣ̫ʧˡ֪֪ϣ˶Ѫ
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㻹Ʊ磡ԪһֱĽ̫ƽְֲ㲻֡
غ֪ˡġŷģȫ
ŷ÷ȥ
ŷ֪ԼԻȥˣ͹常ŷڣϲˣ常˵ôأһμԻᣬΪҺҪ
ŷЦֶҪͨԻ常и취ǰǣ常ծˣɲԣ


505 Ԥ

ԭŷԺöģھǿ˺üҶķ˭֪Ԫ鵽ķ͵˺ܶ˰͹˺üңʣһûأΪõ
ΪԪطŷôӣЩöǷǷ˺ܶˡ
ŷŷȻҪ
Ϊŷԥģ˭֪ŷΪȥԻᡣȻȥˣԼµׯӺתŷڣֻϣŷܴŷμԻᡣ
ŷӣ˷ķ¿ҵˡ
ϰϰ
ܰͷһЦͷЩСˣٸ㻻һɣ
Żܰ˵ĪûĵԻᣬֻǸǹȥԤһ£ͷ̫СˣԻǰһˣڻ
һЦá
ܰ˼Ȼͷ˵ԻᣬϣӮԪӮ
һôأҺ̫´ûнġ
̫ƽȴͬã֪һҽһҩġ̫ƽ鶨̫£֪ġܰ̽
ˣҲϲΪ̫ƽϣӮˡûûжҲϡǣҵķҵȻϣΪڡһЦ
ˡܰЦú⣬ãһŬͷҲһ¡
ܳΪӾΪΪҸ¡Ц
ʹĶĶѾ롣
ȻûĵԻᣬǻϲԤȲţҲйˣ̻ͦġ
ԪŰɫսۣųǹ
ӺܰбһЩҲˡ
Ƶ۷ǳˣƱ˵Ƕ޵ĺöɣֻǸԤȲţǲýšԳһȦңʮ֧Ϳˣֻ뿴һЧÿ˶ȸһ
лϣ
ԪӹƱһ
ƣܴңǺȵȴůůģѪ
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ˣԪ󣬵ҲûȫֻǱȵһǲһ㡣
һ֮ģȻӺԪ
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Ż壬û°ɣԪæ治˼ղû㡣
ܰһֱǴڸкܵ͵ģȻĶӣҲ̫ƽı硣
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ңȥΪԼʵݣҲֵܰ͵ҪͶء
ΣܰҲѡ˸޼ͥĳΪ򸾣ϿܰҪƽƽһĸо
ûµģܰһЦǱϾǴˤˣ·һȳһյġ
Ͽˣ˵ûáˤ㲻Ӧ㱣ԼûС
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Ҫ֣ͨ˼ҵĺӣ޵ȻǻʼӵܣһĽȴûãһܲڻʼҡصĴŬֻн˵ܰǲмһˣҲͬϷ֪Լˡ
ոҶˤƽȵˡ
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һǰȥʮ֧ʮֻ֧оŷСӺʮʮС
ӺԼֻǵһЦżԪ׹ҲǹԼûеġ
ʵˮƽҲȻʮʮС
˵ʱԤݲŽҲɢˡ
Ԫǰߡ
һɽ·谵̫ǰŵ
Ȼ˽סɲԵһң


506 Ұ

ʱѾ̣ǰȥˡ
ĻҲŻȥˡ
Ԫ䵥һΪԪϲһ뿪ϲľ
ֻǲ룬ܰԪסԪƺлҪ
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ܰͷ̾˿˵аȥʸʣʿ϶ҪҶ졣
ĸףүүôأԪЦŻ壬֪үүܶЩƫôӵĻүүƫͻģӦġ¸ҵȥԣԽǻүүϲ㣬ԽҪӽүүûүү֪ģȥүүˡ
ܰ̾˿ܲŵ˵Ŀ𣿡
ȻˣҪԼԲԣԪܰļ
ȻԪܰΪ壬ʵܰûбԪ١
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ԼһƶϴҲҪȥԻᣬΪʲôôҲǽ㲻Ҫȥ𣿡ŷ
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ҹˣĶһӾͺȫ𣿳ҽѽ̫ƽҽΣʲô취ŷҲżʱŷԹȥҲܺڡ
ֻ̫ܿƽ𣿡
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ûСŷ׾ȥ
ã㲻ȥ̫ƽȥ󡣡ŷ˵˳ȥ
ϣ̫ƽܳã־͹̫ƽȥŷϷˣϷˣϷȥһˡ


507 Ų

ʱϣ°˼ԣҡҷˣǺÿҲƮ˹㡣
ٺĺŻѹ𻨴ӷźˣƹƷԲӵȵȣ̫ƽԵġ
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죬˵̫ƽЦˡ
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̫ҽˣǿӵĲֺεºܿúأ˻ذɣΪ̫ƽת£ϸָ˲豭
ϷЦŷˣЩǿ󲻵ã̫ƽȻҽտҲ񣬲˵еĲ̫ƽҩе̫ҽ˵ûΣ̫ƽȥˣҲûεġȵȣ˵̫ҽҩ¡ӵĽҲոҪġ
ϷⷬȰοĻãŷ˻ǹִ˵ܲأΪֻţÿնǷϣ˾Ѱٻġĸ׵ģܲأܹȥһۣ㿴˻ǲΣǲΪӹǣʧҲãɹҲáҶ㣬ĲҲòãһλòã
ˣҲᣬûа취ֻһŮӣôܹȥҹӿأ˵ˣҲûи˽ӹǡҿĲһ㶼һЩƵĲֹĲһǴûԹ̫ҽǸǸ֣ŹҰɡ
̫ƽ˵ǫֱףŷ˸ӼᶨܹﲻԸȥҶνţҾﳤ𡣡
ŷˣǺοأⲻǿ𣿡Ϸ˶Щˡ
ǣһĸΪԼĺӣʲôó
ŷ˹Ȼһֱš
ϷֱüͷŷҲܡ
̫ƽϷ˵ˣϷ˵˵ͷȥɡ
̫ƽ߹ȥʱŷȴס̫ƽĽţ˵ܹ㷢ȱȾҺӰɣˣû˽ѾˡУҲ֪ԼȵġΪȾ͵ıƺ
̫ƽ˵仰ѹң˼ʵΪ
̫ƽһ߹ȥŷ˦ˡ
ŷڶˡ
Ϸ˺żֻ˰ŷ˷˴ϣˣŷ˰һЩιŷ˺£ŷˣȰȥȻȥɣ̫ƽȰȰȰͨˣȥ㸮ϸ㺢βòã
ŷȴú壬Ϸˣ㶼ˣһߣԺҲҽˣܹҲҲȥˡܹһߡ
ϷЩˣⲻȡҵļңҾ֪ͨ˰ˡ
˭ȰҲûãвͿҲûãŷ˻ੲݵ˵ţϷˣһһĸ׵ĸܰɡ
ѵֻĸ𣿡Ϸ˺ˡˣȥ֪ͨŷף˴ȥɲŷҡɵ̣
ŷϣŷ׺𾪣ôҲû뵽ŷ˰СȻ󵽶ȥˡ
ӣŷĹȥˡ
ǣŷ¶ˣҧָԼ촽ͿѪװ˵ӣ赹ڴϡ
ŷ״ŭǰҷôˣ
ϷƳ۴˵ûйϵոŷ˻Ǻõģ㲻ţԽ̫ҽ
ô˵Ȼҷ˱ŪԹȥˣôһղѣҾһղӻܵǶŶԡŷ׾Ȼŷ˶ˡ
¿סϷˣϷõŷ˾ڶˣҲԣһô죿


508 ǰѨ

Ϸ˽̫ƽ
Ӵսڵµ
̫ƽɫȹڹ·ϣ׽
ܴżʵۻɫȹϻźӣԵ޵һˮܽء
̫ƽܰ˹ϻźǺţķ۽Ĵǡ
̫ƽæ˼˵ҲԶЩɣǷɵ۾۾أжġ
𣿡ƮƮ˵Ѻ˵ϣýŰ顣
̫ƽһôܹ˺ôɰĺأ
˺ôɰĺǽ㡣ǽ˵жҽΪΰ˵һˣȻ˵жҾͰɡҵòģҲõ۹Ϭ
⻰ָ̫ƽ˿ڱ˺ݶˣ˿¡
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̫ƽ˰ѵϵĺ̾˿ˡ
˴Ϸż˵ŷһֱŲôźãܲܰŷ̧ӻŷȥ
Ѿ̫ƽһڣȻϷ˵ĸȳԵ㶫ɣ˵ûģҲʲôŶ
ô˵ѾˡϷŶ࣬ƽ͵ĳţǲʱ۾̫ƽ治Сѽ̫ƽҪӵ㡣
⵹ûУҸҹȥˡ̫ƽ˵ССڵس࣬ĸ𣬿ǷǺͷۣ
Ҳ̫ίˣ̫ƽϷ̾˿˵
Ҳûа취Ҳܸܲ鷳Ҳһˡ˵л˵ǰŷôˣҲΨһܽİ취̫ƽ侲˵
ϷЦ̫ƽͺˣĸΪˡ
̫ƽŷˣǣŷ˼װѹ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵Ҫװˣ֪ѵģٲѹҾͲȥҸӿˡ
ŷӴϵ
̫ƽ˵𣿡ŷ˾ȻҸͷˡȾҺӡ
˵𣿲Ҳиȷҵİȫ̫ƽЦ˲һκõģҹһôûС
ôأܹǵĴˣô㹩أǰΪأҶ㲻õġŷ˸˼ˡ
ǲ㣬ҵӡ̫ƽ˵
ĺˣҶҲǵһѵŷĵ
Ȱָǩ¡Ҳ㣬ֻ־ݡ̫ƽ侲˵
ŷù־һǵ̫ƽܹƽǾǩˣܹ
һûԷˡȻ˵ôʢ̫ƽ÷˼
ȻˣǳԲ·ļѽܹһӡҵ顣ŷ˸̾
̫ƽ̾˿Ȼŷ˶࿴˼ۣ˭֪ûкأҲйġ
ĸ׶Ժӵİ̫ƽҲᡣ
ڵŷǰϷЩĵġ̫ƽ˼Ѿ߹ȥ
ŷȻ벻̫ƽĻ̫ƽȻɵ̫ƽĵ
ŷڴҲû뵽̫ƽԾòӴˤ
̫ƽŷ˿ϵˣóһҩ˵ÿջҩҩϡﻹһЩҩ裬ȥһ£žܹµˣٳһˣһлظԭˡ
ô񣿾ȻҲýӹҵĽѵûж𣿡ŷһ
ĽŹͷûĶѣ˵ĶѣӹҲǲóĽǼѣΪ̫ܵˣԱ濴ǹͷˣһⲻǹͷˡ̫ƽ˵
СѾͷ˵ͷͷǵһºûкãҾΨʡŷߵ
Ҫ㻹ûиأ˵Ĵ󻰣Ҳ㿴ǡ̫ƽˡ
ŷϺȵ˵ʲôأ˼ܹǺĺ㿴ԺҲﲻˣܹǸ
ŷֻ˵Բܹղðˡ
ˣǴ˲С˹ҩˣˡ̫ƽҩΪҽģһ治Ľź


509 Լ

㡭ŷˣˡ
ŷ̫ƽ̫ƽʵˣ񵱳Դһ
ŷ̵뵽ҲǣܱѹʱǹԹˣ
ŷϺȵʲô㲻Ҫ˿ܹߡܹ´λ𣿡
̫ƽûˡ
ŷһŷϡ̫ˣֲᱻķ裬ΪʲôҪܰﵽأҪٺˡ
ĸף˼̫ܵƽڷߣ͵ڷŻɽŷί˵벻һȰĸҲˡΪ̫ƽ
Ҳ֪ʲô˼ܣֻ֪̫ƽܰ㣬ĽźҲ뿴ÿ춼ôŹ̫ƽҲԼһ·òãŷʹ֪Ҹ˶ŬŰ̫ƽ㿴Ҳһºòã
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ŷȻЦĸףֻΪûϲˣȻĸ׿Ϊ̫ƽӡôĸ̫ƽôҰȢҵķˣǺĸˣ
Ϲˣ̫ƽôԸ޸أȻҶ̫ƽҲ⡣ŷ˵ҲЦˣнˣ˵ôŮӣһܵˡ
ȻĸҲÿԣҺβû̫ƽ췹ʱƸ񶼲ҪͿ԰ӭȢˣŷЦ
˰ɣĵ̣ҲҪ˼̫ƽԸ⡣ҿ³ɲˣͱˣֵַİѽãʱ¿ʼˡŷ˵꣬˿סŷҪ߶
̫ƽص˶Ϸ̫ƽ˵ûʲô£ŷǼˡΪǽŶˣ¾ܺˣұõģ뵽ԼΡ
ĶԵģǶҽĶͺˡ¾ͲӹҽϷ˿
ˣϷˣһ·Ͽһ˼ҵ˲ûǮҩȥĲûУ̫ƽȻ뵽øŷŪ˼ҩ͸
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̫ƽٴμȥ
÷԰ȻϤӰϸһǲӺ
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Ҳðҹ㣬ҲģҲŮˣԸ㡭ױȡ
̫ƽæ˹ȥãô
ֻ÷ſӺ˵㲻֪ҽҪӺԼ𣿡
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ô֪ߵʱ͸˵ˣܺίӡ
̫ƽ֣áֻǾ㲻Ҫֲ£պˡ
ҵ²ܣҧÿ졣
ʵܹ̫ƽ˵ǶԵѽҪŶԡӺ̾˿˵ҶĲûиı䣬ΪʲôҪôأ
ܿ˵ǣ㶼ĻҲˡ
ܿˡ
̫ƽ˵Ӻ׷ȥЩԼҪף֪ҲڸŨʱ򣬵ǾԲԽԽûء
֪ģҴӦ㣬ڳ֮ǰǾԲðҪҲԡӺ̾˿˵ˡ
̫ƽ֣ܲôһ͵ˣ⾿ôأ
ܻܿ˶ϵ붼ˣ̫ƽֹҵĺ£
ԭ£ܵźȻûˡ
뵽ϴαŷѹ£ԼˣԣܼӺȣ˺ӣǾͿ֤ӺģӺͲˡ
ҪȻܴŶӻô޸ӺأôΪӺͻΪһӰ
ԣܲŹԼӺҪջӺռԼ


510 

ܶԺӺθǲûĵģӺΪԼԼǱǿϵĲ˺ӣӺȻԸȢܲ漣ԼϷԲų²ߣҲӺԼٻˡû뵽̫ƽͳȻƻܲأ
ʱ̫ƽ֮ǰǸ˵ļû뵽Ǹ˾ȻѾˡ
̫ƽǳѹǻ˼ҺܶӣǺúõİǸ˰ˡôҲ㹻ǽȥԴöˡȻ̫ƽҲͿԼĻ
Ϊʲôǻ˼ôأ·ϣٲʵ
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ôС㣬Ӧø߸̫£ȨС󣬿϶ܷӸáЦ
һȥġܲá̫ƽ磬缸ˣҲͲˡ˻кܶ࣬ϧȴûڳʱÿһúõչˡ
С㣬º޹أ㲻ҪôѾˡһҪҪȥˡջҪȥ˵
֪̫ƽ˵ͷ
Իڿʼˡ
ʹɽͱŵ飬վ
̫ƽΪŮ죬Ҳǻ׹ݣԭûл׼ģŮװϷ˺͸ˡ
ʼҵ˶ûе
¹ةࡢŷҡҡңȵٹ٣ˡλˡ
ϰϰ̫ƽöЩͷһ̫ƽأ
̫ƽȻһŮװˡ
֪֪꣬Ҫϳȥġ̫ƽѹ˵
ʲôʵŮװܽ˵ҲĬģҪȻ˭ϲǣǶϵĶϳˣɤŴ˵ʱм˰ͷת˹
ƶ졣ҲһˣˣҲҪϳȥ̫ƽЦ
ߣԭҵĺѵģмװ
ʱ̫ŷѩ̫Ӳչˣ˵ŷѩˣԲģŷѩɫҲôã֪ǲǻˣûкúõչ
չˡ̫ƽ
ЦãΪʲôҪŮװأװɲÿ·˻Ůװɡ
̫ƽûпڣоʹ˵İɣҪҴ̫ƽడ̫Ӿͻ㲻Դƭ̫Ӻ㻳һ̥֮㻹ٻΪʲôܻ㻹֪Ϊ̫̫ӵ·ˡ
㡭մŭУңô˵Ҳ̫Ӳ㲻ӣ
Ů˵Ϣŭæˡ
Ͼ󽫾ŮձȨ˼ҵλأ̫ӲûԺյļҲԵҡ
ǣӲҪ̫ƽ˵ããһ˶µǽҲǺþòˡô
̫ƽܾҲ¶Ҳ̫ӸʲôˡǶЩס
ʲô׵ģѽô˵棬ѵ㻹ҳҪǲˡЦһá
Ȼô˵ǺãҾ͹ȥˡ̫ƽţһҲܿϸЩϾ׹ǿɶǰš
˵̫ƽҪյģҪȥջẦġ
ġ̫ƽЦҵ¾͹㡣
̫ƽǹˣ̫ƽҹһ
̫ƽЦ̫ӣ̫ƽ֮ǰʶͲҶ˰ɣ
ããɡͷЦͷԪûС
̫ƽվ͸̫ƽԼ̫Ӹ͸ҵģ㿴ӨӨûаɣ
˳ҫ̫ƽӡ̫ƽȻŷѩ˵ý㣬ҿ̫ûĹأɫҲĺá̫ӵĶԽܺá
˵ŷѩؿգ޲ðϵӣ
ȴ̫ƽ˻⣬Цɲǣ̫ӵ¶ҿɺˡ


511 

ŷѩ̲ס˵жӣҲҪÿҫɡ̫ƽ²Ǻܺʡ
֮Աǣ㶮ʲôܺԼĶӰɣóǸء
ʵŷѩ֮նҪŷѩĶĺӡ
պŷѩ̥Ǿвڶĵλˡ
ǣŷѩʮ˻ڰŷѩյļƻŰ¶ûеóѡֻۿŷѩĶԽԽ
ҲֻˣƤϵĹŷѩˣҵĺúôĵӡ
ˡʲôʱˣʲôóģͣ㣡ŭ
ŷѩղű졣Ϊ̫ӣлеϵġ
Ȼǳ
̫ƽ񡣹Ŀ˿ĹŮûһ÷ݯ΢Щʧ
̫ƽ˵÷ݯҸϺܺáİɡ
л̫ƽ˵
Ϊʲô֪С˼һƾƳˣˣҲˣգ׼ú֣ܳͺúÿְɡЦ
̫ƽˣ̫¿϶ҪģǺʲôϵҺһɡӵ˳ߡ
ղ˵߹ãôܵˣ˵һ𣿡
˵̫ƽû̫ƽܱ𣿰ֵȥɣҡ
ղˣɻԼ
Ȼ󣬻ϼݵ
˶
ƽɡ˵ܸɴࡣ
̫岻ãͲˡ
ȻġӺ̫ԪŻܰͼӻǡ
Ǵжûй
ԪһɫսۣͷϴʯͷãȺԵøҫۡ
˵ټڰ䣬һۿӻǵĵǰݣϣ⡣
ʥٹ˵
ϴϲǣǶ׼𣿡
ǡӻۼڵ£
ġ˵ղͷģ޲Ҫϴθ鱦һ
ôãܶ೼Ӷ
ŷ׺ŷȺȴǱ鵭Ȼ
˵˭Ӯأһôŷĺÿĺ룬Ц
㰡úõжĸˣ˵ģ˭ӮûϵſϷˡ
һغͨض׼
ӻһſÿǰһУֻÿУǶԶ
һԪض˵һӺеڶ
һغϱȲԪǳ
ڶغϸոտʼͺҵļһ˳ȥ
ڶغԳһȦ˭ܵصյ㣬˭ǵһ
ԳܴԳһȦȴܿ죬ȵٶȣΪҶͬվܵϵģҪ죬Ͳ߳Ǹõܵ
Խܵ㷸棬һܵƽֻֻҪƵ͵ײǰ
ܳȥʵǷˣû˿ԡ
Ԫ׷󣬲׾ٳԽ
ȻˡܲԪʹӿڴóܶ˹ȥҪ֪˴Ⱦͻᱻǵʱôأ
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žһǰʧ㣬Ӻ˴ˤڵء
˹ȥĽȻԪһڶӺԶԶ˺档ڵܰ
Ӻȥʵʲôأӳô𣿡
ЩȻӵġҲ㱻Ȼˡ
ӺҪ󣬱
Ϸǳô󳼡ҪŹ̫ӣ̫ˣ㱻ȡ˱ѡΡ
Ӻˣʣ˴ˤˣ̫ӣ˴
û֤֤̫ģֻ̫ʧˡҡҡͷ°ɡ
ӺЩڣȷղ̫嶯ˣܷʲôӦõȥѽļѽ
Ԫ߹Ӻ̾˿˵û뵽ôͱȥˣˡ
ԪͷˣıȻм󳼿ʱ򴫳ȥʧҿ̫ӵλǲ뱣ˡ
̫ƽ̾˿ôȥˣӺôȥ嶯
ѽӺһ򵭲ԻܲһνģΪʲôһɱһͷأѵʲô˵ĻĶˣ
غϣʼˡ


512 

Ӻ¼ŵһߣĿȻ̫ƽûӺӡ
ԣ̫ƽ
ܾӺһߵʱӺ¶ģı顣
ǿӺˡ
ǸˣӺҪġ
ӺΪǸ˲Ҫһ
ҲΪǸ˶ʧ
Ǹ˻˭Ȼܡ
̫ƽΪʲôҪӺһأֻɲô𣿡
֣ȵҲǰǰܽһ
Ԫ֪ʲôԭ򡣾Ȼ˺档
Ŀǰǵһܰ
̫ƽż
ԭԪѥӳˣҪˣӰɴˡ
ǣԪʲôе֪ϽٰԻᣬΪѡγ˭ǵһģҪȡǱȨȨԻĿģҲǻϵ
ԪԻܣȻ˺ܶЩǶһǶ£жУЩжĨϾ綾
ĿΪɱ˭أѵŷң
ǵģŷбȨ󽫾ҲбȨбȨ˺ܶ࣬ǶǣĿǰΪֹڻϵģǶã󽫾϶ҪϷȥĵġбҪȡıȨ
Щ˶ǣôҪԸ˾˭أ
ֵǣȻ˹Ԫæ߹ȥʵôˣ
ǻҹģ˵ֹǰҹΪʲô˵һҪ㿪ʼˣҲܻȥ񺩺˵
ɲǼ䣬ԪˣҪԸǶ
ȥɡȥϷˡԪæ˵
ΪʲôĸúõģΪʲôҪұأһ
֪֪ǹ֧Ԫ࣬ڿЦ
ôأǲš
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תͷȥȻԭǸλϣѾûˣϷȥأ
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ûϵҿ԰ҵѥӸ㴩˵ˣ˵Ľţһġ
ҲѾԶԶȣҲӮˡԪҪ
һӮģѵֻҪӮˣͿһҪûϸҼ̫ƽͻ鰡̫£Ϊ̫ƽһҪӮⷬˡ
Ϊ̫ƽһҪӮ
Ԫ˸̫ƽĳŵɲǼ䣬ԥˡ
ԪԵ֪Σգѡ˶ӮˣѡôпӮġ
Ϊǰ棬ȻͣưؿԪ˵ô׷ҵ׷Ҫ㹫ƽ
̫£̫ƽû㰡
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µġᶨ˵ϣûбҪҪԸһ򰲷ؼĶ
ԪȻ𣬻˵ͺһöʱըһûϺ£ʱըԼ
ҲϲأԪ˵
ô̫»ǿ߰ɡѥӣ뻻ϡɷ˵ذѥӸԪϣһ档
˾Ȼǰȥ
ԪѾ˼ˣֻܳ˳ȥ
סԪһ׼Ԫ
ڡҪңԪ˵үүǿء
Ц㶼ˣʲٳͷҡ
˼
Ԫһ㡣Ͷ㿪ˡ
Ҫʱܰ˹̫Ӹ磬Ҫٺˣϲ
Ԫȴսϲתͷһ仰˵Ż壬һˡ
ܰһ
ЦСţҪһ𣿡
ܰ˵磬ҺεºܣǣϣӮֻŬһˡ
һܰ
ܰ㿪ˣһ˼С
벻ôԶܰȻһаģ
ܰȻӮˣ
ֱȷֱرȽϴܰӮⳡͰֱˢˣǰ֣ܰġ
Ԫȴ޶ԡ
ܽ
̫ƽˣǳʧԪ˵ҪͷӭȢԭֻ˵˵ġ
⣬˹ؼһ֣ԪΪβϧ


513 ˺

ɪǣԪ˿䡣
ΪģģԪ̹ˡ
žžžԪٵظÿĺ׶һǡ
Ƕ赹ڵء
ȻԪŻ˳
ܰѾȡ˵ֵĵһ
дʧλߡ
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һΣȥɽϻһϻϻƤԸ϶ү˼ƤӡԵϷˣʵµֻǴ֡
ʱϷԻϣ˵ǡҪһܣʵʵǳ¹ڳ¹֮ǰҾѾˡǣôأһ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ǴڳΪЧġҺͶԳҳϣؿɼˣϲŶҽվһԻرʶ
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ȴӦңϷɫ㡣
ʵҴӦ㡣
Ϸŷֿ̫ƽ


514 ûйƽ

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ǣ̫ƽᲢûֹɹϷ˵ľģֻϷ˶ŻϣĿݣЦϣңŶˡȻͷϰӡԼӣʹ˹ȥ
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515 ɽ

һαˣҲǾʤһΡ
Ԫʤˣǻ뷴ڣǵô󳼵棬Ҳҷڡf
Ԫ֪¹ش󣬾סо
ԵĿȻȥɽϣһֻ˭򵽵ͣ˭ǵһ
ˣɽҰġʲô͵ҰްǼֻǣҲֲ͡
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ҾãȻǸʵ͵ҰޣǲɽģƸǾɽҲмֻǣƾǵܴЩǵģϻġҪȵľ˭ҵǣ˭Ӯܰ
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ܰ˵ңʲô
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վüġ̫ӣһˣһῴõģҪ˵ͣӲҪԼ𡣡Ԫ˵
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Ԫ˵г𣿡
ˣһɽһʲô޻ȺǺŽһµʱΣķôڧأҪ֪ʮ˫Ӳܷӷɢˣͺױ۶ˡ֣ܰص˵
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Ԫ˵˵ҪôҪȻһŹ㣬ֻеĽŹ㣡


516 ܾ

һԪֻ΢΢İϵĽһأһصĹâֱ۾۾ˡ
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ȴʱ̫ƽ̫ƽֻùȥ񣬾ĬĬվһߡ
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̫ƽһ
Ӯˣ֤Ķ޻ģġ϶¹Ɑ
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ôϣԪӮ𣿡


517 ˸־

仰ʱȲʤȯı飬ƺЩˡ
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ǡջǺż
̫ƽ˵ĺ̫ܵӵ£βԼɽȥأ
ε˵ΪʲôҪԼȥңôһɽһ߶أ
ôͲĵȥ̫ӵˣ˵ѵ𣿡̫ƽЦ
˵ЩʲôǿôߵһɽŮӱ½йٱȥͿˡ˵ˣվ˵ۣôȥԪأռЦ㲻ȥңǲǾͿ˵ҲĹԪ
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̫ƽƭϡ̫ƽƶ˵
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ԪһŻ壬Īǣ㺦ˣ
ܰҡҡͷ˵ŻǵСҲաŻ廹мң⵽ɽѾǺðˣŶȥ򡣵ʱôܴӮأ£ŻǲȥģŻҲȰ㲻Ҫˣ߰ɣǵһ͵ڶʲôϵأšϣ
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Ż֪ԼޡȲ㿵ܰ̾˿˵ǣŻΨһǣС
ҲŻǶԵģʵʱ˳ҲһܶԼйۣУҲһǻۡԪͷ
磬һ߰ɡһ̫ΣˡܰȰ
Ż壬ÿϣʹԲҲߡԪҡҡͷĿȴ˼ᶨ
ܰ˵㲻ߣôܡ
ûµģŻ壬˸־ԪЦ߰ɡ
Բ𣬿ܰ۾ʪˡ
ҲģŻ塣Ԫܰļ˵
ܰ˵ҪܣסҪ˽һ㣬Żÿһ㡣
ܰˡ
ԪͷҹĻɽϡ


518 ϻ

һûǵҹԵø¼š
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ܵԪǰԼ͵˺ܾʱŴһֻǣǣѪȻѱǶˡԼûˡҵģҵģԲԣ
ԪЦƣӦɽǶˡ
ȾҰɣȾҰɡˣҪȥԪ
ȺˣҲ㣬ҲôǰתĿ꣬УأԪЦ
ҵΪ˾ңˡʹңҲøǷֿҲһУҵ
ںҲûˣԭһ˽ˡԪƿ󣬡ҪľͶ㵽Һȥҵǲٽˡ
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ʲô˼˵ﻹбǸ͵Ұޣһôأ˵ûС
ϾһɽѾʮˡɽͷ˸ı䣬ϲ֪Ԫ˵ϻ˵ˣɽɣҶҸ棬ﴦȺ㶷ģټϿܻи͵ҰޣѵΪһ𣿲´ǳˣҲˡҵĵˣӮҾˡôܰԼأҲǺ޲Ԫ˵꣬ˡ
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˵ǲܵģ̫ƽȷʵˣĸԼҪ򶨣Ϊûκΰɽ֮ǰ̫ƽѾԤϵǰкܶΣգԪûɽ̫ƽģȻ׼̫ƽͲ̫ں£µʧȥˡ
ڴʱԪˣ̫ƽôҲΰɣ
磬ҪΣա̫ƽ侲˵սϵĽ
Ϊ˷̫ƽҲѧ˵书
ϻ˹ˡ


519 ɵ

̫ƽ۾룬ˣؿҪɥˣ
ǣȻһԪĽѾϻĺϡ
ϻȻԾԪ
ǱԪѸٵس˻
Сġ̫ƽ
ϻԪҧȥ
ԪѸٻӽϻˣԪԶĵط
磡̫ƽȱ˹ȥ
Ԫˣ̫ƽΣգҪ
ǡ̫ƽ۾ֻܿõԪϻѾˡ
ϻϲģҧ󱳣˵ĺ󱳣Ƕĺ󱳣ĳ嶯
ǣϻ̫ƽĺ˹ȥ
̫ƽֻúһʹһǿѹѹ˹֧Ųס˵ϡ
ԭϻļצѾץ̫ƽϡ
ǣϻſѪʱԪѾ̵ϻĺ
Ѫһӿô࣬ˮһ̫ƽͷϡ
ϻˣѹ
̫ƽŻúܳء
ôû̫ƽԤеϻһҧĲһĻȴûз
̫ƽԪ˵ϻѾˡ
ղŵĶʵ̫죬̫ƽûп
ˣ̫ƽûΣˡԪϻʬƿ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵Ԫ磡
̫ƽ
˽ӵһ
ɵϣΪʲôҪɽΪʲôҪ̫ƽԪ˵
Ҳ֪֪һҪҲһɽϡ̫ƽ۾ģڻǺú¡磬ǻǿɽɡ
Ԫͷұ㡣
磬ˡˡ̫ƽ˵Լߡ
СԪȻͳ̫ƽ˲㡣϶ѪǼȻɽ˭㶼Ầµġ
ϿϻѪϡġ̫ƽ˵
ϡһϡԪ̫ƽ
̫ƽЦˣǡʲôϣ㻹Цҡ
̫ƽ϶ͿѪ㿴ôԪ˵
治˵ҿɲ϶Ѫӣ˳Ϊأ̫ˡǲͳŮħͷˣ̫ƽѾվԼϡ
ԪҲ̫ƽ汧ס촽Ķϣ̫ƽŮħͷҲ㡣
ãһĳΪŮħͷǵ˵Ļ̫ƽЦʱ飬Ѿһʼɺܶˡ
Ԫظ̫ƽĺ󱳣˫קסʹ̫ƽ˾ţʱԪȦڻҲǸİĺ̤ʵ
ݣԪȵ
̫ƽֻöԷХ紵ǣڣʲôҲ䡣
һ·ϣܶ۾̫ƽ֪ǵ۾ڹ۲ǡ
ƺǲϮԪˣΪԪ֮ϻɱ
ȺֻҪϻⶼһˣûбҪðŷȥ׷Ԫ
ˣȫɽ
磬˿һֱѪ̫ƽˣסԪͣҸˡ
Ԫͣ
ԪȻ̫ƽúӢ̬̫ƽҲȵģվߡ
㡭̫ƽװö˶˵ģʲô
ⲻ׵أռı
Ϊ㳤̫ˡԪ٩
㡭Ƥôô̫ƽƿԪ
ѽۡԪæ˿ڽе
Բ𡣡̫ƽѸ˺ȹһǣҸ
̫ƽԪȻǷ۵ĺ촽˹ȥ
㡭̫ƽĿɿڴ
Ԫȴ׵ĥ
̫ƽƿԪҪҪˣҪҪˣ
ĵʥҲһ׷ɲҪˡԪЦ
ġ̫ƽòˡܳϻûˡ
Ԫ˵ãҹԣ
̫ƽ򵥰һ˵ûҩ䣬ֻˡȥٺúˡ
Ԫ˵ǣ治ȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ȥֻҡԪ̾˿˵ȥԵģһȷѪꡣ
ﲻңҰޣҲȷѪġֻҪԼûС̫ƽԪļ˵ȥɣ硣Ѿûѡˡ
ԪȻס̫ƽ֣˵ǵǵԴЩⱲõˡ
硣ֻҪܸһ𣬲õӣǸղɽϡһ̫ƽЦ
ɵϣɵϡԪ̫ƽ


520 

ָ̫ƽһ
ȻǱǼǰԪЦģҲ˵ġ
ʱѾǰѳԵĶ˹ڰǶŰɡ̫Ƕûл˭ߡ
Ҳû취˭أ
ܰȻˣȻ˺۵
æ̫ҽΡ
ܰ˵ʣûˣ̫ҽǸ̫Ӹ翴ɡ
ϵͷҲơص㡣
̫ҽȥ󿴲ˣϾͰܰеǰ˵ôû
ʣ̫Լġȴ㡣ܰ̾˿˵
Ŀ¶ǳΪǶ˻ʲôﶼûд
֪ԼĲܲ㣬ѡӱܡ븸ԭ¡ܰͷ˵
ô˵Ѿ˱ԣüëˣܻŻͺá
ܰȻ˵ϣ븸ʿɳȥ̫
һôˣ
ܰʵ̫ﻹԸߣҪɸʵ񡣿ǣ̫ʳһ޳֣ʲôֿأ
˵ɵӣȻԸ˵Ѿˡ˵ˣɽȥģûбҰǸ͵ҰˡԶԸ˵ġ
ʴˡɽǣϻܰ˵̫óĽۡ
ô᣿ЦСţɽûϻ㲻Ҫ졣
ʣóĽۣСܰȻ۾ڴ
ҲһִŵӸж˻ϣڿʼ˵ģΪʲô
˵ǲȺ˵ǻɽΪɼи͵ҰޣԼǡܰǳ˵ϻʲôȥأ
վɫࡣϻɣ
ԻϣܹɱΧɽ¿ܰ˵
˵ǣ޵˵Ǳԣ޲Բ֣ʳԣ
˼ǿҪǸʵҪأܰ˵ʣˣ
̾˿˵ðɣȥȥȿɣΪǺͿһɽģȽϤҪȥȣǣʵǸˡ
ܰ¶ϲɫлʡ
ʱѾҽκãշţʹ˹ʣҲϤȥ򣬶ҲҪȥȿ
ǣȥԪûɱԪ
ΪΡʮа˾ţӮԪˡ
Ȼǲ£Ԫով
ˣֻǵԪԪˣſһֱס̫֮λ
ǣ˼ôῴ
̫ӣˣͲȥˡϷˡ
󲻸ģ͵͵ȥȰܰŻʵܣ밡ԪеһԪǵһˡˣ㣬ȱֿտգ䶨ˡԣǸˣӦýᣬɱԪȻܿϵҲȽϺãǣֵˣǰʲôҪ
ܰ˵̫Ӹ磬ǵֶӡ˵ĻͲ𣿡
ŻʵܣҲΪáˣ㲻ͲʲôѲɻ¿ηΣ
̫Ӹ磬ѵôҪ㶼Բˣܰʵ
ǣŭŻʵܣȻҵģҺˣͬΪı
ˡ
ܰ̾˿Һ̫Ӳһһġ
Ȼ泯ٱ˵
˭֪ȴ˵̫º̫ƽ
̫ƽǵˡԪ˵Ҫ̫ҾͲôˡʵ˿⡣
̫ƽ˵磬ڵþˣ㲻ӮӮˣ
ӮԣӮˡӮˣԪ˵Ҳܼ
Ϊʲôʲôϵ̫ƽˡ
ΪϾͿԸүүͻ飬ڿһˡԶһˡԪս̫ƽ˵̫ƽ𣿡
̫ƽЦŵ˵ͷ
ܰ񱼹
ԪŻ壡
ܰסԪԪļϲҾ֪ƽģģ˵Ľ
Ԫ⣬ֻ⣬Ӯһ˶ټѣ˵̫ƽ
̫ܰƽЦǵİ춯أҲûʲôֹһˣ


521 Զһ

¹⴩͸ƣһƴ̨ɽĿյϣƺһͨͨ·
̫ƽˮһ¹⣬˲ã
ԪĿһ
֪̫ƽԪ˻ʵǰ
̫൱Żϡλ󳼵ԻյĻʤԪ
ϴԪʹ͵Ķ޷Ǿǽ鱦˿ƥࡣ
ϾҪɢʱԪȻס˻ϣ˵үү˵ʤ߿Եһʹ͡үүҲһӦҿģڻүүΧڵġ
ʵԪ˵Ҳ֪ԪҪʲôֻǻϲҪЩ£ԻҪȥȰѰٹǶɢˣʱԪһϣϾͲӲͷƤܾˡ
ڵô˵档ǾܾʧˣϷԣһĹءȻӣҲ˻ʼҵĹء
ãʲôҪ˵ɣ޵Χڣһ㣬ҲлȣֻһҪҲֻӦһε˵
ǵĻϣﳼֻҪһ¾ͿɡԪ˵˵
ԪҪ˵Ȼǰһ˵ʣʵ֮ǰ˵ԺŮ˶ôԸҪ͸һ𣿶Ѿ˺ʵĲѡҲȢ̫ƽΪ̫ƽͻݣλֺ̫Ӳ൱У˭أ
Ԫû뵽Ȼٴ롣
̫ƽ˵УҲԸ޸̫ӵ¡Ҫ˵ˣ̫ҶԸ⡣
˵ܹҶĵġ˵ˣý֮ԣĸ֮Լأ
Ԫ˵үүҵҪûء̫ӵ̫ļ˰ɣ
˵һһÿ˵ɣϾҪҪġ
Ц˵ɡ
Ԫ˵棬֣ص˵үүﳼҪӭȢܼҳŮ̫ƽΪ̫
䡣ͱһͨЦ
̫ӵ£ϻû˵ЦǲǲòԪ˵
Ц㣬ֲֹ˵ԭҲȢ̫ƽ˵һģо֮磬ӦðŮøңǲأƶ˵ɲô׵ذŮӹá
ԪӲᡣ
Σֻǽġ֮ǰҪ󡣲˭޼£ҪǻϻûдӦء̫ƽҾȫҪүүӦԪ˵
㡭Ԫ˵ͷͷǵǳҲá
ϰڰ˵ʵܹø̫ӣ֤ؽ󣬲һŮ˰ˣ˵̫˵Ҳе̫ƽĵλ̫ȷЩλ˵㡣
Ԫᶨ˵үүﳼʲôãֻ̫ƽá
㡭Ϸǳⲻ˵̫ƽԪУȽɽҪ
ĪǻүүӦ𣿡Ԫ
ŭã޾͸Ԫ̫ƽͻ飡˰ɣ
̫ƽˣҲżԪΪȢȻڵϡ
ڴеȴǷ׷׶ΪԪ̫ƽİжˡ
̫ƽڿԶ뿪ˡԪס̫ƽ
̫ƽԪĻȻ£磬ղϸǴͻ顣ǲˣߣǲأ
ȻΡ̫ƽġڸǴͻˡԪü顣
ԻˡԪȫʤաΣȴǲҰܡ
ΪԭҪԻᣬϷǼϸϷˣӶ˳µɱ𶨹ġ
˭֪ϷԾûҲûɺͽڶԶ֡
ԪŪ˻ɳǣʹûϴʧ
ʹů㣬һȺڻзȥѩɫĳտһأȥޡ
һնŨƯݣȻɫļľ輸ĥĹ⻬羵һԣԲڳһȦ
̫ţϺż
߳˵̫ϷѾɵ
̫æߡ
ϣϷɫ԰ף촽ϣϱʮ롣
ôû̫̾˿סϷ˵֣ң֣ôô
̫ߵ˵̫ϷˣѾˣǣԵְ˻ȻûôѹˡǣȻѾɵܻġ


522 

ǣ̫ﻹǲģ֪𣿰ҿ治ϣġ
̫ū֪˵ǳ¹ԻϣϸѾ
Դ֪ǳ¹Ĺ֮󣬾ͷǳˣ֪ǵ¹һˡ갧˳¹̫ӣҲܹˡһҪȻ£̫˫Ŀ
̫ɵܹҲֻšԸϷˣԿɼ̫ҪȻϷ˵ľˡЦ
塭ɵҲûãء̫˵꣬Ϳ
ʱ̫ƽѾص
ܳӭ̫ƽʱԶԶؿ̫ƽƤ֬㴵ơ촽ΣͷϺɫĲ֦ӡϵ˿ŵŴɫĲЬˣ
˵ѾԪ̫ƽͻ飬̫ܿƽҪ̫ˣʼɼˣ˫־ֹסض
̫ƽֻǶܵһЦ˽ȥ

һŽ˿ľм䣬ǶһʯͨԲȥЩů⡣
һƬɫƮ˴ǻϣĻζɢ
ء
̫ƽϷ˾ôˣ˵˵˵ʵòã̫ƽ˵
˵ˣոջģûгһڣŰɡϷ˼࣬һµġ
һҹ֮䡣ͷҲȫˣϷ֮ΪҪãϷ˳£ԭǲԸģֻΪ˵Ϸϣκãԣżȥ
ȻǺò˶ٵģɼǿعˣ֪ϷѪԶܵҲܵ¡
ʵõģƣԣһžʲôǲˡ
ʳ˹ˣ̫ƽҲǶˣ̻ʸͣǳԼǺˮġȥץ˿ˡ
⼢ˣʲôأ
˵̫ƽǾԼ̫ˣԶҲʹ֣ҲǲԼŮˡ
̫ƽͣסˣܣĿϬãӺ˵ʲôӺΪͱˣˤˣ˱ӺʱþͲԼع𣿡
סˣȻ벻̫ƽһҲ˵ĶԼ
̫ƽĻô̫ƽĶ֣
̫ƽ㣬ò˵ʲôͷҸ̫ƽӡ
Ц̫ƽԸңǲģѾΪԪͻ𣿡
̫ƽˣ˵ͷ
̫ˣ̫ƽصƿˣǸҪô׹ݣҲĪҫѽϾȻ˵ˣƤŲš
߹˵褺үҪ
褺ѾʮһꡣŮͬϯҲԾۼһ֮ҪŮ֮
ǶĹء
ˣ褺̫ƽſڵͨСʱֱӴˡ
֪ԼӻˡȻǸ˼ˣǾǶȥҪԼ졣
ǡǾȥˡ
ԭ褺һ͵ةѧϰһʱǲġةҲʵǸΣֵܴ˺ܶѧʣֵܴܽ
˵̫ƽˡ褺Ҳˣ滹ةء
褺һɫ类紵ðڶȹȥӢ˺ܶࡣ
̫ƽЦˣĸף쿴ܵӿһ͢سݣѧʿ֮硣
ЦͱȡЦˣʲôǰƿס
褺ߵ̫ƽǰ̫ƽ㣬ǲǿҪˣȹȥҲøӺÿˡԶԶȥһΪŮ·ء
ܵҲԽԽ˵ˡ̫ƽЦƮ˺ơ
˵Ҳ֪ˣѾԪ̫ƽͻˡ
Ȼ֪ˣĺ£ܵȻһ֪ġ褺ס̫ƽ˵ý㣬˵˵ɽ̫´ϻҰǵģЩޣǾ˿𣿡
£Ȼ£ǺʲôأӮҪġǸʱͻ֪ˡ̫ƽ˵
ˡ
Ͻе
褺̫ƽ
ĸΪλᱻ̫ߣ̫﾿Ҫʲô̫ƽ÷ǳ֡
ɥ˵̫ƽֻܹˡ
ףŮʲô˼̫ƽĪ


523 

̾˿˵Ϊǽ̫̫ȻԸңͲһֻ̫Ҫһ˽̫󶼻ǵġʱͿԴһĸϢˡ
㸸˵еѽ̫ƽҪΪһ˰Ӧ档
ȻĸǱ̫ߵģ̫ûʮɵİգҲóȻ£ǽȥʡǲ̫ˣŰɡ̫ƽ˵
ǡ̾˿˵
ףĸסܶ£ҲעģǼҲûãǶڶѾ᧿Σֶ֧˲̫࣬ҲһȻ̫ĸ̫͵ںͻ϶Ÿˣġǲ̫ˣԼϢΪáʡ̫ģԺ󲻰ˡ
˵ĵǶԵģȹϲԪڿճɾˡε˵̫ƽǹǣʱĻƫƫϲĺӡ
뵽ա
̨ϰһ׵Ļѩһ΢紵ҡҷζ
Ž룬ͿһҩǽӵĲҩζͷĿѣһԵĵϣҩƣӹһĲҩ˵ء
̫ƽֿʼƲҩˣīĺɶһ
ԭ̫ƽвסŮӡֻҪһҪȥܶҩģΪ֪ҩ˾ˣҲ
ʱӵеġ
̫ƽû书ΨһеľҩҩаȫС
ϡյķϹһκλðһ裲ʱǶױ̨ͭŵ̹⡣
ʲôҵˣذױ̨ϣ˭̫ƽôõŮǰҵķͷǹˣһʲô
ǣĸװǲܵиǳȷɲŶѽҪȻ̫Ҫ̫ǰ״˵Т˳ˡѾ˵
Т˳ƾʲôҪТ˳ֲãﵱԾҲȲˡһԹ޵˵
ôԹֶүأʽүѾŬˣǻǾȲ˰κ˶ǾȲ˵ġҪжүѾ˵
ð㾡첲ǰɣȴ飬ҲŲϡأûȣ˭ң
е˾Ҫ˵ʱ򣬿Ͱ͵һ࣬Ҫʱһ߿֮ǰĶ飬ǸŮĹϵ
Ѿ߼ˣԴΪ룬ֱ̫̫˹ȥ˭֪Ժ̫ôأȻˣӦվںͬһսϣȻıߣΪѽǰߣ֮ǰʲôҲûа̫ƽѾȥˣڲǽҪġңū澵Ǿĸ׸ƫ
ôһǶԵ𣿡ԥˡ
ū澲˵һȷġ
Ҿ˵ĻеڴŰɣȥʲôҪ˵ġҾǿţҪ˵ĲҾߡ˵٣һαĲá±ɡ
ǡ
ȵúżֱں档߶ţʱѾߣû𣿡
Ѿ˵ﻹûءױأĵһȰɣǲûϰߡ
Īǲ̫밲𣿡һû޵ʱҿǽܶصġ
ү̫ӵѾ˲̫밲ĹءѾߴŹǷ˵ͲҪ̫밲
һʲô˼
̫أ̫ں̫ˣ
̫λǺܸ߹ģǣⶫ̫ĵλأ;ʲô
˵̫ףӦܵ˵𾴣̫ҲҪ֣Իϣ͸о̫Ӻ̫̫ྴЩ۽üҶûиĽ
ǸͲһԷޣһԳˡ
ˣŮ񣬶еԭ¡
˵ĸ̫ˣհɲ԰ȥһ̫ĸôˣ
ʲô̫ΪʲôҪĸĸǵԾڻţմ󾪡
⻰˵ģѵϣĸ𣿡˵հ֪Ůȥһ˺òãʡõһֱģ跹˼
һת˵ôȥ̫ƽأ̫ƽÿǶı̫ϲ


524 趾ҩ

̾˿˵̫ƽбҪѽǵĺŮòã˵ҲԼĸ
ҵĸǰܾ䣬Ҫͱ̧ΪҷˣҲŮҿǺˣˣһ֪Ҫġ˺üء
㡭գôײʶأʹĵ˵
ԴûһΪҺõˣҲǣףΪĺ̫ࡣ㲻ֻΪһ˺áȴֻͬһտЦ
̾˿˵Ҳʹġ
㲻Ϊﱨѽ֪ġ˾ǰ̫ƽҧгݵ˵
鶼ȥˣ̫ƽҵŮͲܹŹ̫ƽӴԺദҲõģΪڶҲǹ¿ҲҪжΪ
ҪҵҺȣΪеˡ̫ƽ޲ҲǺ޲ܹΪأҲܣֺοأЦȥҾ̫ɵˣŻᱻ̫ƽƭŪûûֵظ̫ӣҪһŮҾһλûˡĵλǿԼŬ˶ûаϵ
Ǳ˰ѪŨˮǸ᲻ġͼȰңȥȻԱ˵ЩһֱĻģһֱǸúӡ
ֻ˲ܹΪˣҺ̫ӡҰңҺãҲãȻҲԱΪˣպ޺޵˵
ǲϰˣ𣿡תҪߡ
һҮҲû˵һ㣬ֻǰ㣬ġЦ
㾹Ȼˣǳʧ
˶ǿ̸ģֻ档տЦ𲻴ӦأӦҾͽȥ̫
ʲôأģǱġ
ΪԵʣôŮУݼڣ۰ľˡ
˭֪䣬ˡ
գ̫ƽæܾٴαվܾһŮˣŮҲ飬ͬһ
Ӧ֪̫еɣ̽ʵ
𣺡ǵġ̫Ѿкܾˣ˵ϾҪ˰ɣǴҶ֪鰡ô᲻֪أ
̫˳̫ӵĹĻڸеĵλͻ᲻ˡԶҲûкôġѵͲһ𣿡Ц
ҵŮһپ٣һȻģֻǣҪôأһ
Ҳ뿴̫˳۾Ȼɱ
ʲôҪı̫ӣôôأʧɫ
ǰһֱ˳˳ˮģ֪֪ҪȥҲһ㣬ҾͻڷΪҵôù׵ĲҲͰˣãԲңôԺҲҪˡձ˵תӡ
Ҳ˼ˣ˵ҪôأֲڶҲûа취
Ц˵̫ƽҩҲö֣̫ƽҪ㶾ҩҲ׾ѵ顣һ㡣
Ҫȥ̫ƽҪҩȻȥ̫ԥš
ǵģҾԲ̫˳̫ӵĹˡ۾żᶨ
ա飬ʧ˵Ļͻ۶̾˿˵㻹ٿһ°ɡ
Ѿĺˣʧ˴˾һҲ˵
Ĭˡ
㲻ҪڻشңԻȥһµġЦ֪һТӣҲһøס
ˡ
үӦ𣿡Ѿʵ
ᡣƶЦΪһµˡ
ϣ輸ϰһŮõĶɫļرۣһʵ˿ߡ
̫ƽزż֯Ϸ衣
ˣ̫ƽƶҩ
̫ƽһ׺ʣ
ûʲô̾˿˵ѾˣϷ˺ϢѾȲˣҪ㶾ҩ᲻
ҩ޿֮ˣҪȻҩⶫͲӦôڡ̫ƽ۾ףҪȥ˭
Ҳ㣬㻹𣿡


525 

̫ƽ˵սսģƺ֮Һ̫ƽӣƺµʲô
ײʵҩĶôأ̫ƽܾˣԲס
̫ƽˡ˵
Уסԭ⡣ҵҩպ˵ģ̫ƽն˵Ҫô֪ģ׿Ǹոȥս㡣ϾҪ뵽̫ڼҲѲ¡
ʹ˵ֻһŮôܲ۰أ̫ƽԲ𡣡
סⲻ۰簮ǺյҪ󣬲ʹԽԽֹıһˣıһδĺӣ¡ȻҲҪΪŰʲô𣿲˵㣬ִˣǣ࣬һѽסŮϣ˼ҪΪһ˺ĸƴҫ̫ƽϵ˵
˵ֺγ֪ǣҵȷֺ뿴ĸףڻǲǻšҲԸȥʣԸȥ̫󣬵и̫Ųʵ̫˵̫ɹ̫ӵĹ⣬ڸûκελ̫ƽʵн죬ҲЩεģ޷ݵĸ̫ӣôһҸ
⻰˵ľʧˣտĵңҪҰȥ̫Ӽ棬Ҫ췹Ϊ̫ӿҰ⣬ˣҵôܹأ̫ƽס֪ƫĽ㣬Ҳ̫ƫ˰ɣ
ǸŮʲôأȻ˽ЦҸ˺ҶˣʣˡȺ˰ɡ
̫ƽ˵ҲȣЦôˣŮиҹģһ۾ôʲô
̫ƽЦãĸףھͺȣΪĸ͹ĸ𣿡
ҵȻˣ˵ˣֻʣĸŮˡЦ񣬡㣬ֵˡ
˭֪񲢲ˣҲȣӱˡתȻ˳ȥ
סˣôˣ
̫ƽҡҡͷĸף̫˰ɣ
Ȼ۾͸ӦúȺ˵ƺʲô˲Ƶġ磬⼸ҲüͷԸҶ˵ء
ĸףĺӲҪģľͱˣ׵ԼģǳҲǳġ̫ƽ˵ĸףúȡ
úúȾͺãóٸһ룿⻰˵Ķԣ̫ƽĸףԪЦҸĶӡ
ĸô˵˵˵ȥˣǵģҪЦ̫ƽˡ
Ц̫ƽֻǾã̫ٲǵ̫ƽ᲻أҪ֪ǿδ򸾣ڳ֮ǰǲܼġЦ
ǡĸ˵ǣ̫ôģҿɹܲˡ̫ƽЦ
ǹܲˣԺ͹ܵˣ˭̫ءϻûֹͣȤ̫ƽ
ĸǵģֻûһƲء̫ƽ˵
ʲôֶûһƲ϶ͻˣ˭ͷİɣ̫Ͻ쿴Ǻ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽ˵úúãĸ˵ĶԶԡ
̫ƽ֪Ͽˣвǰ˻رϲܣû취ġ˵ľҪ໥ݣ̫ƽ³Ӯ϶ĺеʧ
·ˣǳؼҾͶҰ㣬϶̫ƽ㶼ûҪҸôĸ׵ģ
˵ôҪ̫ƽأ֮ǰǺýǸҲ˰⻹ҿˢ𣿡
֮Ǵĸס˶䲻ȥ
ӺˣпȥϿɡ˵Ϊ˵ġ˵ȥġû뵽ڱˡӺиʧûĸ˻𣿡
ܿǣҾûҪġҲ̫ƽǿˡ
ԼԱǿҲˣú÷˼һ°ɡȥһӺϺ˳ȥ
ܰԼڴϣűӴ
ʱȥագŮǶҩŰɡ
ո˼ˡΪ̫ƽģ붼ûˡ


526 ݶ

ףҵĺø³֮ҼһݹͣպҳΪ˻ʺõĹɴˡʱжˣ²˵ţ˿빬̫¡
գʲôʱ빬̫أˣĸѾ빬ܾˣһֱûϢҲֻ˵ĸˣʲô˵㲻֪ҵѹжһϢҲܽܵġ
˵ʲôѵϣĸһ˰𣿡ɫ˵ʵ빬ѣҲʲô˵£ȥòãǴң
úúãҲ㣬Ҳ㡣Цü
ʱŷҲûз
ϰŷŷҵŷΨһϣǣŷѩĺ󣬻ǵŷƷɵĺӳˡ
Сӡǳʱʵŷ׿ûȥȡ
ǣŷ˼Ʋߣ󽫾Ⱦƣȴھ˶󽫾ˣȻŷװеƸŷڡ
ܵܣΪʱˡŷ׺ž˵
Ժֵܣûбˡݡ
磬ΪʲôΪʲôҪѡأŷڸͲԸ⡣
ǣŷŷ˵㡣
ܵܣֻˣ㶾󽫾ϲŻŹŷѽҪȻԸŹҲԸŹΪ͢۾󽫾У󽫾ôȨµСҲŹǵģһ˵壬Ĺٰܵܡ̩ɽ֮㻹ʲôأŷź˵
ǸΪʲô㲻ȥأΪʲôҪأʵ˺󽫾ѽŷںձӵֶͣ
Ϊұŷ˵ҸҪܵܣЩ㶼ʲô˿ķһζȥǮ㻹ʲôԪץ˰ѱŷҺܶӣʹһ˿ת͸ˡټȥôأȥٵأŷĳ˵ܵܡҶΪãϣԳΪй֮ˡ
аҲѽôҶأ˹ȥ治𣿡ŷŵðѲ豭ˡ
ɱĿ󽫾һҳ˶ô˵أҲֻ˵ܵܡҪ󽫾ŷңҪǵȨһ´˶𣿼ȻѾˣܵܣΪ塣㲻Ը⣬Ҳɲˣŷһ󣬲豭ϳƬϸɳһ˵ϣȻ޺ۼ
ŷŵҪӣϾ߳ˣΧסŷڡ
磬Ҫ𣿡ŷڿˡ
ŷ˵ܵܣĺˣļһչ˵ģȻһһƷΪǼĹ֮ҲᰲϢˡ
Ҳ磬㲻ԣץȥڻǰڴǰҶʵгģһ˵ɱ󽫾鼱֮£ŷڶ˵ˡ
ܾܵôɵǲ˵ģԣôȥأŷЦ
ʱŷŹ˽ɱ常ŷûѾȥ״ˣΪƽϢˣܷŹǵģ
ŷЦģһһġȻ󣬰ѽɱ
ʲôףɱ常ŷ󾪣
ŷ˵ô㲻ң
ǡŷŷڣǣ常
һ죬ҪΪ˼ɱңҲҪ֡ŷɫԶκԼ
ŷڴСʱɽ·һһġ㶼𣿡
ŷʵ֪常Һܺá
Ҫɱҡŷ˵һɱҡ
ɱŷ˵ӹ
ŷ˫֡ӹ˱
㲻ġȻΪ˺ݶɴТ˳ŷڿ˵Ҫɱҡ
ŷЦ̤ȥһûʸŷҵĵճ
ŷֻͷҪըˣӶ
ӦʱŷѾڵϣѪأˡ
ŷԲ常
ŷҵж¹򣡡ŷ׺ȵ㲻һɱ㣡
ŷվᡣ


527 ˭ɱ

ãףӴԺҲٿŷսȭͷ˵ٲ飡
ģ֪ǿ֮šȻǡŷŷļ˵̫ƽĽˣκõĲ˰ɣ
ǵģ̫ƽѾûˣҲ鹦ڶӵѧŷЦ
ҪҵһڣǾԲԵġŷЦߣҽǵáʬ塣
ŷȻӵһѽŷڵͷ
Ѫɽһ
ף룬Ͽŷڵͷ­гһ㡣ŷ촽˵
ãŷ״Ӧˡ
ʹ
йڳϣһТʹһӢ˵죬ȴֳ顣
̫ƽˣеļ
Ҫѹ֪һ򶼺ܼǿڡ
ʵŷɱҸףǣŷͼŷڶô׵£
ȻԣҲΪ˰㣬ŷױ븶ۣ̫ƽɴ۾˵
а̫ƽĻ
ȥаο̫ƽ̫ƽÿ̫ƽܵʱоͻһһ̫ƽ§ڻ
ɫԻ̫ƽӵУ̫ƽȴ֪ôοˡ
ԲҴ֪ôοˡҲϰˣ㰲οҡ̫ƽʵ㱯˵ʱҾȻһ仰Ҳ˵
߾õİοˡȻǺýãоȻ˵
ʱŷ׺ŷˣǻһ̨ײģѹײͣ˴⣬ŷһ˽ȥ
Ҹ׵׷ȥ
УǻʹԳ嶯̫ƽҲ׷˹ȥסУǳ嶯ʲô£ǻϲϲϻվ𣿵ʱ򻹻Խҹ͢ɽڣûգ㲻Ҫ
ô죿ô죿޲ھɱǣд˺Լͷ
ȽȥҪԻ˵ʲô߿ţҲŰŷҡ˵ˣ󽫾ǰԻϲûκζ⡣Ȼͷ󽫾ȥϷǻ϶󽫾ӡǺܺõģŷ׾ɱ󽫾ҲǷŭģŷңҲ϶Ҫһ̫ƽ
áб˵ˣǽȥǸҵҵ˵ʲôѻ
Ȼǰ죬ɵŵơ
ŷ̴ľӴ򿪣澹Ȼŷڵͷ
ϡŷҶԲ󽫾Ը׹лϣϺҶܹԭ¡ŷ׹ʵ
Ͽ˰ڰ˵ɣѾˡ
ŷ׻ڿޣ̲ס˵ŷףɱҸ׵㣬Ӧó㣬ΪʲôҪܵܵ䣡
˵£йۣȷŷڸ󽫾˶ŷ˵ȷûйϵ˵ʱڳ
ǵģǵġмû˵ˡ
̫ƽ˵ϣŮ˵𣿡
Ȼĺѡ˵ɣʲôǴѾж˵İҪ죬Ҫóʮ֤ݡϵ˵̫ƽǳ⣬̫ƽÿζҪͻ̧ܣ͹ȥ̫
ãϺúһ룬ŷʲôҪһҪɱ󽫾أŷҪɱ󽫾Ϊ˽ԹԿжΪŷһ֮Ϊ˽Թ϶Ϊŷ壬һǱָʹģץסŷôأץסĻʹ߲Ŷ԰Ǹһ
̫ƽĻȴʯһϵ˶ˡ
ŷȫһû뵽̫ƽ˵мصĻϸ͵ǵģΪҸҸսۣΪһܱ˶ҸȻû뵽ⱲӻһҩҲΪŷң޶֤ŷȻô˵ô˵ˡǻΪ룬ҲҪҸͳļʮиѽ
Ҳ֪ǼʮĻϺɳĽ죬Ƿڹأ
ģʱѣҪ߼ʮʱ䡣һƵȴǺ׵ġ
˼ԸΪһҶ̫ƽ
ˣСû˵ʲôϵ˭
ŷѾЦ󽫾ȷʹġֻʵʱһˣĻʹߡ


528 ְ

ŴԣҶһ
˵ʱ˭ŷף˵ˡ
ŷ̾˿˵ϣҲǺȷԣ˵û֤ݣҲãߣһԩ˺أ
Ȼû֤ݣΪλ˵˵ֲ˵ʲô˵ĺģ̫ƽ˵Ϊ޻̵棿
ŷ׼ˣܹôôҲ²ϷأϷľúί
ί˲žίءɵӶ֪ܵĻ㲻Ļ֡ô˭Żǣ˵ˣ˭ɱģŷҵĹߣҲӦ㸺ȴƵһɶοǺˣȴҪȫˣ𣿡̫ƽͱˡϡ
ŷ׼ˣܹϷʲôʱ˵Ҫ޻ˣݵģϷ򶼲֪ôźˡ졣Ϸԩ
˵˵㻹Ҫתƻ⣿
Сѵ֪Ǵ˵ô໰òû˵أŷЦ
ϰڰ˵ܹ޶˵ˣ󽫾һġǲŷˣĪǣ޶𣿡
̫ƽֻ˵ǲŻϣǣ»˼˵Ļ
޻Ŀô޴ɣˡ
ǰ̫ƽǻǺôĵӣŷŭɶ
վ޺޵˵б³̫ƽѣԭʲô˵ģǣִԣͼ̫ƽҶǲ
ƣôףܹô˵ҵŷңĸǰͲģŷ˵
㡭ݴս̫ƽסˡˣô˵
սȭͷ
ɫŷ䣬˵˵ʱ˭ڳ
˵ˣ˵ҲǼ޻ˡȻһ̫ˡ
Ҷ񣬳˻ϡ
ĸĸαغһأȻǲô˵ġ
̫ЦϣۣԹæô㻹˲ɣ
ĸ޲˼ֻǣ޾ãȫд£ҲЭޡĸѸߣ޲ϣͷĸˡĸͣ޻۵ġϴ£Բȥ
˭֪̫ͲһףЦҾþ¡ļˡڻϵæҵ԰ҲкôҹҲкôģֻǶŷûкôҾͲ֪ˡ
⻰͸䣬ŷλ
ŷЦ̫ò۵ĻǺܻӭ̫ļģȻҲҪϵͬ⡣
εİڰ֣ȻĸǾɣһġ
̫̫ƽһۣ̫ƽ̫ЦһЦ
̫ƽ֪̫Ȼǹ̫ƽġ
ŷ˵ǵãŷ졣Լһһ壬·ǸҲˡ
˼ǣʱʵ壬ǣôأ̫Ц岻˵𣿡
ѽ̫Īû˵֮˲Ȥģŷ򶨣̫ƽЦȻϺꡣ
ãŷ䣬˵ɡЦ
ŷ˵ǣ·ȴûǸ˵ӰԣҲú֣Ǹ˾ûڳأǸΪʲôȻҲѡԼһأǸ˾ǰʲôɫأ
˵ôǸˣǸ˾˭أ˵ɡϲͷ˵
ϣ˵ˣû㹻֤ݣҲԩˡ˵ŷ˵ֺˡ
̫ƽЦŷ˻Ϊ밡
ȷپŷЦ
ڻǰŷ׾һд˵ĳ
ŷˣɹ˰ҵעϣ˵ûϵֻ⼸ˡ˵ֻҪ֤ݲ㣬Ҳ˵ȥģǲǣ̫ôŷ⣿Ϊŷײóѵġ
˵ǰŷ䣬˵ɡ
ŷΪѵ˵ȻҲ˵ǳ˵ˡʱŷԼǸ˾ְĴˡ
ʲôΪʲô̫ƽһ
˵ôˣ̫ƽ
ûʲôֻǾôأŷ˼Ǵ˰ɡ
ôͲˣְĴ˵ȷǳֹſԽһ±֪ŷƶ
ϵ˵ͷ¹ش󣬵ȷбҪְĹˡ
ʱָϣл졣
ְһɫ¡ڹ¶轣
ԴϴΣЭ̫ƽ뷨֮󣬻ϾͶʧȥΡ


529 ʫ

Ϊ̫ƽְĴܻءε꣬˲ϴг
ְȴڡ
ֻǣҹʱְ֣ľš
ε
ڹԽãԽΪʫɱ
ְĶʫӶ
ʫȻܲˣܸŬΪְĻת⣬ʫϧһȥְϲĳʳ
ɵʫǧظϻһ糾ض˳ְϲ֮ʱְȴһۡ˳־ͷ˵ϡ
ŵϵʳһ㱻ϳԵְֻԸⱳʫʫסְĵģزˡ
ʫΰס
ϣͥԺǶʱʫˣĳʱļ䣬ܻ᲻両֡
ǡʫԼҪ롣
үѻˣʫһȲ裬ᵽʫĸ;£ôҲ̽˭֪ҪΪ飬αϴͲ취𣿡
ԭʫĸΪʫ׵İУüҪƾΪ飬ȴԲŻ
ʫЦְĲˣڶˡ˵ˣҸô̽ģĪǲ𣿡
ѻ¸ߣ书ʫ磬ôܳΪ̽أ
˵ʫĲŻôģҲǺġ
ʲôôҲȷţ˲֪õҲ֪һ𣿡ѻʵְĺܺģôģְĵģ㲻𣿡
ʫ۾ˣףְѾø㶨ˣˣ
ְĲ㣬ְİ˭ѻˡŮΪ˰壬Ϊ˰ӵģ˭֪ʫԽԽôôˣ㣬취㣬㵱ô𣿡
ǵڡְİ̫ƽҼ仰ͿתġʫףŮһ㣬㶼οһŮ𣿡
޳ȥŮóȥˮҪԼѧǿѻüë̫ƽǱƯ˰ϲɣϲƯҲ񵱳ǱƯְĲϲģı¿Ǳǿѵûа취𣿡
ҵȻûа취ˡ̫ƽɲǵ찢ôöԸ̫ƽǴ˺ܶࡣʫ̾˿˵˵ˣҲ֪һһѾˡ㲻ʲôﶼǶġףﲻҲ𣿡
ѻЦ˵ıԾˡȻˣ㲻ְģ֦ɡ
ʲôǣŮѾ޸ְģ֦أʫ
ѻְĵļ˵ȻְϣѾͲκκôˣ㻹ʲôѽƾĳ࣬ȥһˣȨƵģѵ𣿡
ʫ˲˵Ҷְֻкޣ
ǲ͵ˣȻѾְˣ͸ɴ룬һٸɫֵ㰮ˡƯŮҪȨƵˣͲѡֻҪԸ⡣ѻ۾գգ˵ˣְĶεϣ;Ѿˡ̫ƽҲ޸ְģְԼѱˣܸأ
˵öԡʫʵڻûҵ֮ǰŮְ룬Ůʱͷա
˵ְϲ̫ƽ̫ƽϾҪ޸Ԫˣְô޴𣿿һԼԶòŮˣѻš
ʫЦߣ̫ƽְĵ۰ɡҲڸ׿˶ֻǺʵĶһ氮һŮˣҲǳʵġܣְĲǶ氮ɡ
ҲΪûб£һбµŮˣͬʱúܶ˶氮ȴκһ˲氮ѻʧ˵׽̹㣬Ҫְ̫ģƫҲʳ˰ɣ֪е˶ǿסİɣ
֪ˣԺ󣬲ܶ˭Ҷġʫ۾־
ʫȥ󡣿ְںȾƣ̾˿߽Լ䣬Źˡ
ΪʲôҪѡԪǵġ䲻㣬ӣҶȴĵģҴûжһôĹ֪̫ƽְʹ˵Ϊ㣬;ˡ
ԴӻϴͻԪ̫ƽְ֮һֱ״̬
ʱ̫˵롣
ְȻԾΪѾܾûټˡ
ǡ̫ӣõԤС


530 

ְˣǰΪ硣
ְķ·𿴵ʱ˵ˣϣ·Ϊ㵲ס纮
ְĵ۾ʪˣ첽˳ȥ
ʫ˳
ݺ˵С㣬ϾȻҪү᲻Ҫʼúүˣ
ôҪ֪ȡҲûõġȥϲʱģ˶ˡʫ̾˿ҵȷҲþöûнˡҴϲɫȹù
ʫúױһҲŽˡ
ֻǣʫǺְһġǣΪְǰѾ̤ʹˡʫٴְķ˵壬ŵҲ᲻ʫȥ
߰ˡ̫ȥ͵ټ˵͡
ְˣôڣʱ˲ʲô£̫ƽڣ΢οһЩܿþòˡھҲûźˡ
ŷЦִˣþò
ְĵһЦŷ˺á
˵ְģ󽫾ɱһգںδ
ָϡְƺѾˣϽν¡
˵㵱ʱڸ󽫾塣˵ģ
ְĵ˵죬ŷڴ˵ȷóȥ壬ҲӦȥˡ˭֪ǰŷƴ˵岻ãˣڿһյ裬Ȼͻȥˣûļ󽫾
֤֤㵱ʱûи󽫾壿˵
ŷںˣ֤󽫾ţȷҲְ֤ûа㾪ͻš
ŷҲѾˡ޶֤ˡ̾˿˵
ְһŷסŷڴˣôأ
ϵ˵ŷڣǱŷ״׵ġ
ְЦףҲ˵ŷ״˾ŷɱ󽫾
ŷ׻ãŷǱָʹɱ󽫾ġ˵
ְĹЦ
󵨡ˡ
ˡֻǾЦЦ̲סЦְ˵
˵˵ʲôЦģüë۾ȴɱ
ְȴûаη壬˵ϣ󽫾ûнԹΪʲôҪɱҪɱΪʲôҪָʹŷҵȥɱңʲôָʹŷȥɱŷΪʲôҪĻأЩ߼վסŰ
̫ͷְģ˵ŷףνأΪʲôҪ޻ְģ
ŷЦ̫ﲻҪżݳִ˼仰
ŷְģĿҲûһ˿㡣̫ƽŷ׵Ķ
ִˡ㸸ǲΪ󽫾ͣڳ͢ж˳ʱССҲһҪΪ㸸ŷЦ
ְһôõˣаɡʱһС
ЦôˣҲΪ˸㸸ԲĳɼŷЦô˵ʵСʱʼִ˶󽫾Ѿв
ְ˵ûе£㺬Ѫˡ
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ϣŷУѪˣϲҪšְ˵
˵ŷףΪΣŷڻְĵĻأνͣ
ŷ̾˿˵ŷڰġƽǷ˺ܶӡҲִֻԸǮִ˹ծʱŷȻǻˣֻܴӦִȥɱˣ˻顣
㡭ְĿЦˡʵͲŷڽȥģȥģһ֡ΪʱǸˣҲú֣ҴûġˡڽʡҲ˵ʵˣɱ󽫾Ӷ޻ңһֻϺѽŻϺ̫Ӣġǲġ
֤ȷ䣬ŻϺ̫оϡŷЦ
̫˵ŷףһжĲ²⡣ûƾʵݰ
С󽫾ϡڶֵĽź⣬̫ҽԾ¶϶ģ첻áǳϡ٣ԵʱҲһֱŷʹʲôɣ񣬴𰸾ǰֻҪγְϵĽͿ֪ˣҪٻˡŷЦ
˵ְģҲȡĽô¿
ְ˵ȻԡĽûϮ󽫾ǿΣ
䡣
ʱԪˣҲվһߡ
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531 

̫ƽһְĺȻ߹Ȼʣ̫ƽôش𶼲á
ְȴڴܹĺĻش𡣡
ְģһŮӣ̫ð˰ɣʲô˰Ԫˡ
ְŵͷܹԲǲ̫ðˣĵģĺ֪Ը𣿡
̫ƽ뵽ְĵҲΪ˾űģǳӣ˵ŲŲ˵ġ֤˵㡣
ְĿЦллشңܹ
Ԫ˹ƿְġ
̫ƽ˵ˣʵǹһ仰ˡ
Ϊһ仰ӽ㣬죬˭֪᲻ֳʲôµĻӽ㣬ҵδޡôܹñ˽ӽ㣿οи֮򡣡Ԫ˵
֪ˣôʲô̫ƽȻ˵ȴۡ
̫Ц̫ƽʲôʱҲ˿ķأ
Ͽ˺ˣ˵Ҫ
ˣְİѱݸ˭֪侹Ȼó˵ʱ֤ϣ̫뿴ǵʱ󽫾ϵ˺ۻµͼ⽣ϵĵھȻһģһģСߴҲһģֻһѽĻô˺󽫾һѽ
ְĴ󾪣ôأѽû뿪ҵѵ˭˺ѽһģһģ
ȻǡŷЦˣѱּҵļҴ֮˭ģµóأǿˣѵСߴǽҲһģһ˭أ
ְ˵⵹ġҵѼҴͬѰҪ˵һʦˣǵĽʥҲġ
Ҳ˵֮¶ȻҲڶѺĽһģһˡʵ
ģҾûѽɱ󽫾ûҪְ˵
ǰϣְСʱ׺󽫾йڽ֮ôõ£ôסأҿڽ֮ôҪأ˵ȥ̫˵
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ȸԶڱ߹طۣ÷ݯܹߵˡȥҲ̫ƽļңȻǱ常ѻռš
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ôܹΪְĶ̫ƽһ㣬ͷأ
ǰְģծԶҲ壡
ְĻΪԼִţһжŷ׵Ĳ룬ӢôܹѲ뵱֤أ
жһ֤Ѿˣ˵ǲ룿ŷͱˡΪŷְ֪ĲŷҾ޷ϴ
û취¡ֻóͷŷףΪ˸ʮһ
ʱ̫˵ǹ˵˵Ҿöе̫ƽ̸̸Ŀ˭ĻȽϿأ
̫ƽȴľͷһһ㷴ӦûС
̫ƽ֣˵̫ƽôˣ̫˵ء
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ʲôңΪʲôҪأ̫ƽæڰ֡ҲС
ãǽգҲѾȨ㡣ܹһϻۣŷ˵Ļأְ˵ĻأҲ˵
̫ƽ
ҶĿͶ
ŷ׺ŷǳż̫ƽŷҹϵáôܻأ
ְЦˣã̫ƽһġ


532 ̫

˭֪̫ƽں󣬾Ȼ˵ϣְĴûɱ󽫾ΪʲôǰְĴҪȸһأɼְĴ˾ϲı󽫾ġǴ󽫾õļޡ
ְˣֱͬ׺䶥ܹ㲻𣿡
ŷ׺ԪˣҲú⡣
Ƕá̫ƽӦúȶԸŷҲŶԡ
˵ܹ㾿˵ʲô
̫ƽ˵ְĿɱ󽫾֣Ļʹߣͺꡣһ
ֽѪģְֻһϢˣҲڿˡ
ЦܹҲġ㻹ʲô𣿡
ûСзǳؿְģΪʲôҪҵĸף
ְûش
Ѿˡʲô˵ģ
ŷ˵ϣץסְģΪ󽫾
ǣ̫ǻɡ£԰ְȹݰ󡣡
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ܹﶼ㡣ְģ㲻˵ܹжϵ𣿡˵ӹɣǸĻʹߡ
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˴ţ߹̫ƽʱ̫ƽһЦ
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̾˿˵̫ܵţѾˣ˵һСӣ
ϲ°̫ϲǰҲڶ̫ŭɡ˵»ûд̫Ҳǿסġ̫ƽЦײҪ̫ڵˡ
ǣ̫Ҫչȥ̸Сǹȥ̸ʲôأֱǷңˡ
ܣ̫º͸׽ʲôɡ̫ƽ̫ʲôʱСӵأôأǵã̫ӵһµʱ̫ӿʹܣкˡкˣ


533 ҵĺ

ʵĺãһ̫ӿܵ͵һ̫ʵϾ͵Сˣ̫һֱûйڣ̫֪ͨҪ̸УҲ֪ءһ̫ӿСӲǺܾϲ
Ҳ˵ҲΪ̫֪ͨˡ֪ģ̫ΪʲôҪϲأ̫ƽЦƺʲô
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ʲô̫ӣҪʲôŷѩıסӤ㲻һӤ޹Ӥ㲻ô񶾵µġ
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ҵĺֵܰôȻһ㻳ˣңҺúöӡĺʵۣǲǣһ壬ȴĺʵۣ滹ҰĺӰװĴһ̰Цֿޣ۾ȴᡣ
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534 ʮ˻Ӻ̫

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ΪݵĲ裬߰ɡŷѩȥһ衣


535 

붼û룬ӹͺȥ
ŷѩЦһ㲻£ڲͶ˶ҩ𣿡
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˫ִ˴ӣ̫ƽ˵ôźأ


536 

Ůһ£Ҫôأ̫ƽգգ۾Ľë۵ͶһƬӰ
ҡ̫ƽҲ֪ȻԸ˵㣬ô˵ҲҵŮѽ
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̫ңλϷ۾Ứл̫ǣѾһ̤˵ˣôҾأ
˵ɵ𣿡̫Ц
ѵ̫ɵҳˣµҩ̫αҪ˷ϲأϷһ飬ʹˣҪˡ
ɵ㻹Իܾáţúÿ磬ѵ𣿡̫̾˿˵ʵȰҺã㱾ӦûܾõġǶƫܲԣϣԭ
̫˵ﻰҪòϷ˻ֵ̿˵
̫˵ոոԭӦöԵ㶫࣬㳢ɡ
̫ӣҨϷˡ
Ϸ˿˵л̫󡣡ȻϹأϷȴĶˡ
˵㣬жˣϷҲûôˡ
ʵһֱ֪¹̫ǲˡ̫Ȼʵ
ϷһҸ磬ȷǱʱĻʵɱˡ
ۿ𣿡̫ʵô档
⵹ǡϷ˵ʱ̫ҸѶġ
Ϸ˻ǵãʱҶϪһȴȴڳڡ
ҶϪֱǰûټϷһ档
ʱҸҶϪǹʵģ¹ҸҲɱˡҲǾãҪնݳɡϷ˿Ц
֪Ҳ֪ȥֽУҶٻ̫Ц֪Ϊλ֣𣿡
Ϸҡҡͷ
̫Ц߰ҵġ
ԭҶϪΪʵ̫һֱҲ
ҰҸҲ磬ԣǺܰμ⣬ǣκһж԰ңҪġ̫Ц۾Ȼ¶Ҹ¶СŮ̬
Ϸʵ̫һӶȥˣôǰ£ʲôأ
ΪҾá磬û̫ȻϬԣҲҪ㡣
ôأϷһûΪôˣأ
̫˵ıʼҵڻһ۾ͱϳǰһΣʦʹȻûʦɰҿʦдֻ֡ǿϧˡҲʲ˿
Ϸһ
̫ͷ˵ҽʦ̵ģԣʦдҽҿҿǼʱͬ׺䶥һΪԼˣҳ꣬ԱȡҲһģһģ𰸺ˣʦ磡磬û
Ϸ˴һݶڴսʦǲ
̫ҡҡͷЦоӡ
ӣһҽ𣿡ϷһҲ󣬾͵ǵߡǣôҸأ
̫Ц绹ţȷǾͰ


537 

ηһŷʣʣ˽ڰǽǵְĺȵԷˣԼã
ְһ۾
ˣѷ˵˵ϣԲԣڻԼǴ˰
ϣڷȥġ
ǣְĻǲԣѾˣԼһЦʧܵ˳ףţѾû˼ˡ

ְѾûһ㶫ˣǻˡҪ֪ˣҲεġ
㾿ôų԰伱ˣѵϵķˣץְְͣȴͣͷŤŤȥģԾͲԡ
伱ˡְģ뺦ԼҪѰô¥ɱһͷײαǣأ
ְĿЦˡҲҪᡣҵᣬҲǵĺ
򡣡Ǵŭְľȭߡ
ְûзʹ⡣
ʵղҲְĹ⼤ŭǣԼġ
ְıһϢڵϡ
ס̫֡ƽ˽
Ǹһġ
ԭ̫ƽĲְģӣ˸㣬ǽȥˡ
ְ΢΢һ۷죬̫ƽ˳
ô̫ƽʵԲҺ㡣
ְ֧ţҪ̫ƽ𣿡
̫ƽͷ㲻Ҫ˵˵ˡ
ְĿЦ㻹ǻߵġ
̫ƽЦҽΪо֮лл̫ƽáǡôԭȥңôɵ˺ԣ˺㣬ΪǸΪ̫ƽ
ǣ̫ƽ㾿˭̫ƽְĿˣû޵ôġ
̫ƽǡְȴһ㶼ڿ̫ƽǾϲ
ڣֻҪ̫ƽ˵ԲְľΪ̫ƽȥҲǿԵġ
̫ƽЦ͵ɣҵҲô
㣬ãҿģ̫ƽְʵ
ȻǽǡְĻͷҵͷ촽ϵĺ룬͸һɲɣӢ
̫ƽݹȥһȻ󣬰һڵϣ˵Ϊһˡ
ְļˣô죬Ҫ𣿡
̫ƽͷתҪߡְĺȻס̫ƽ֡
ҪߣְĺȻе
̫ƽЦ̫ˡ˦ְĵ֣ˡ
ҪߣҪߡְֹסʹ
棬ڵġ
ãȻ͸ҳԵ棬ҳԡҳԡְĲ˵棬
ְĳԵĺСģɻǻŪڵϡְϼ»ְҲǳԵĽζ
Ϊ̫ƽ͹档
ְķǳϧ
̫ƽ߳ȥ˵̫ƽҾ͸㲻ˣΪʲôҪְģ㶼Ѿδ̫ˣӦףְһֱͼóȻͲԪ𣿡
Ԫ˽⣬ͲҪҵˡ̫ƽ˵
Ԫܴ󷽲⣬أ˵ˣȻְģĲ̡ΪʲôҪŷҰְˮأҲˣɱ󽫾˸ְûйϵΪʲôҪأʵڲ֪ôġ
ףܶ鲻ģҲֻ˵̫ƽ˵
£ܿʹԪĶ
̫ƽȻȥμְģٶԪˡ
Ԫ̫ƽʲôŮˣԼ
ԪҲȥΣְġ
ˣְĿЦΪʼ̫ƽң
ûôС̫ƽɣϲκ顣ԪɫҪ㣬ŷִҪŷڵͷȥлԶס󽫾ͳĶʮʿ֮ڡٽˡ
֪ҽεһҾ֪ҲܻųôϣҲˡϾһˣͦõ𣿡ְĿЦ
ˣбĻ˳粢ûκεĸı䡣Ԫ̾˿˵Ҳ֪󽫾£ʵǺûйϵ
꣬ȸҲûͨѹһΪҵľٱ𣿲ΪܵĳͷΪҪͷְЦ˽꣬ѵһ͸𣿡


538 ͼ

˵ûѵʹ̹Ȼ𣿡ԪЦ
ѵ̫»ҪҾ㲻ᣬֻǰʲô״̬ˡְЦʵ˵У޲ҲǺ޲ġ
Ԫ˵¶ˣҲ㡣
ְĺȻڵϼһСʯͷڵϻ
Ԫһ㻭񱱶ͼ
ְĿЦĪҲ
Ԫ˺Ԫй֮ԵľӡҲͼ
ǼԪͷΪʲôҲử
ЦּҵĴұڵأҵȻửˡְЦ
ءԪˡ
ĴұôһأԪһ
ȻڼҵĴұô㡣еİأְĲм˵
Ԫ˵ʶһˣӣ
ְգգ۾˵ӣʦȻʶģȻ治ࡣΪκȻĪǣҲҵȤ
ӣҲԪ˵Ҿúֱ֣һģһ
˭ܻҵĻһģһġҪȻôܽдұأְ˵Ŀǣ͵ѧҵġ
Ԫ̾˿˵ϧҲûа취⿪ˡ
ΪΣ
ΪӣѾˡԪЦ꣬Ԫľӡ
ְ˵ܵġ㾣͵ҲǵôϸһǴˣһģһġ
ԪЦϣɡãˡ
Ԫˣȴǳ֡
ӵʱԪʱͻԪ
ְĻıͼһģһģǱ߽ǴĻƣӵָҲһġ
ʱԪ˵õܣͿԵõˡ
Ԫʲô
ȴٴͼǰ
ʱϣ̫ƽæԸְģҲһæòãĸ̫ߣжʱˡ
ȥ̫ʵ˵ҲҪȥءʱôˣȥҲǺʡ̫ƽ˵
̫ˡ˵ش
ʹ
ܾҶ˯ˣһصҶһ㱻ƵģľĳҲû
̫ƽһɫİ£ڴǳɫĲ£ɫİȹƮͷϲһī촽΢̫ǰ
̫˵ϷѾѹˣֻǻܹԾֻ
ұҲ֪ͨǵģϷ˲鷴̼ܵҲãԾû֪ͨˡ̫Ц
ĸıȻˣ̫ƽһ
ҿɲƭˡ̫Ц
̫ƽЦ̫óŮ𣿡
ȻԣǵĸҪϢˣ̫á̫˵
á̫ƽæ˽ȥ
ɵģƺһǣ͸ʪʯǽϾձˮϴһ㡣
ϷѾѹˡ
ĸѹˣ̫ˡ̫ƽ˵Ϸ˻ϲ
Ϸ˵ůģҲůģϷѾˣ
뵽̫ƽۿϷ˵ĲϣһӣѪ˳Ϸ˵ıϢѾˣû뵽Ȼܻ
ôһ˲䡣̫ƽԼһΣһΣ
̫ҡϷ˵̫ҵĶˡ
ô̫Ķˡ̫ƽ˵
Ϸ̾˿˵𣿡
һжܺá̫ƽ˵׷ǳ㣬ϣؼҡ
ãááϷ̾˿˵ֻǣһиһֱԻ󲻽⡣㡣
̫ƽѶս
Ϸ˵ȥʦӣ֪
̫ƽһ֪Ȼ֪
Ϸ̾˿˵벻ӿܾҸ硣
ʲô̫ƽһǳ¹̫ӣ
Ϸ˵˵ͷǵġ
̫ƽҡҡͷôأ
̫ƽĪҲʶ;ӼҪȻΪʲôôȷ˵أϷ˴һ
̫ƽͷ˵Ҳֻǲ²ġ
ʮа˾ǣܰҵ𣿼Ҿ֪ǲˡϷ˵
̫ƽЦܣĸҲˡ
ΪʲôϷ
̫ƽ̾˿˵˵Ѿˡ
׺䶥Ϸٴλ˹ȥ
ĸ̫ƽˣϷ˸ոոԭ̫ƽҪô˵ϢϷأ


539 ȸ

̫ˡ
̫ƽڸϷѨλм򵥵ذѹ֮Ϸѹˡ
̫ƽңӻûԲԣϷеؿ̫ƽ
̫ƽɲٴ̼Ϸˣǵͷ˵ǵģȻûˡ
Ϸ˿ʵΪǰѾˡ̫˵šҾϣˣҾٴζô꣬ʲôӣ޴֪ˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ĸѵš˵ôҪ𣿡
Ȼˣ֪ЩꡣȥʲôĺòáϷ˿Ц
̫̫ƽһȥ˵ĸ岻㲻Ҫˡ˵ָָ꣬ӣ˼ǣϷ岻ͷҲ塣
̫ƽ߹˵ĸú㡣
áϷƺϣ
⡣
л̫̫ƽ˵л
лҲϣĸԽ١̫̾˿˵ĸѾˣԻȥˡ
ǲš̫ƽ̾˿
̫˵ŵģʰҡ
̫ƽصһ¡
ʱϹ˵Ԫˡ
ãҪˡĸףĸѾѹˣɫ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣԸϵˡ̫ƽЦ
ģϺܸˡ
ԪźȲ裬üë΢塣
һɫźҶȹƮ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽԪס̫ƽ֣þò㻹𣿡
˳ҡ̫ƽˣͷЦãôͲˣĪϣҲã
ôأ̫ˡԪȻ֡
סЦ
̫ƽ˵Ѿͷȥ裬վ￴ʲô
ǡūȥˣ߻ЦŰѱѾҲߡ
ԽԽûˡ̫ƽ˦Ԫ֣
ԪҲЦ£Ҽְˡ
̫ƽġ⡱һ¡Ǻʲôϵ
ӣлһͼ㿴Ԫʵ
ʲôͼ̫ƽһ
Ԫʧ˵ǿûˣΪ޴֪
ҽʥҿܶҽ飬ĵûСͼʲôֵǣҶǣ̫ƽЦ
ٰѲϣϾˣš
Ԫ˵벻ְҲͼһ˵ּҵ洫ұڵء
˵£һһأȥ̫￴ĸѹˡû̫ƽ˴˵
ϡ£ҿۿϷˣõĨ˲ӵģĪûԪһ
ܵģأֲصĻʱطסɵǿԺõģҪ֪̫Ͻеɵ̫ƽ
ˡԪпǣ̫ȻΪϷˣ׳˵һɵ
Ҳúֵ֣ǡĸȻ˵硣̫ƽ̾˿˵ҲǾۡ
ʲôʲô磿ԪһͷˮۣԼ㻹Իأ
㻹ǵüʮǰ¹̫ӱ͹ڳ̫ƽ˿ڲ裬ַ²豭˵Ǹֽ̫УҶϪ
ǰô£ôˣԪ²豭üë
̫ƽŴ˵˵Ҳ֣ȻǾӡ
Ԫɫ˵Ϸ˵𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷĸ˵˸˵ҿ»š
˵ô͵Ǹ̫ӣϹϵأ
̫֮ƽǲŵġ
Ԫ˼Ƭ̺˵ӾȻּҶеĴұͼӺּҡʲôϵأľǳ¹̫ӵĻǼʮֶʲô
ֻϷƬ֮ʣһġ˵ˣӲ𣿡̫ƽ˵꣬۾̲סˡ
ʦһΪʦΪȻӴǲЦģǣ̫ƽԸƽѧڸѾĪĶˡ
˵ΪҪΪͽܡ
츳֮⣬һԭΪȸ֮
̫ƽȻ뵽ѵȸҲ֪ʲô
ʵҵһ˵ȸ󽫾ʱҾ;ȸǲǸЩϵΪȸֲһ֣Ƕʮ޺󡣡Ԫ˵ü۵
̫ƽҡҡͷȸǰףɴûԼֵ


540 ҹ

Ҳ÷ݯ֪ʲôֻǣȷ£ǲˣ̫ƽ̾˿˵
Ԫ˿ڲ˵˽飬ҲϣǣˣҼǵһȥķĹ㻹ÿ궼ȥĪ㶼𣿡
֪ҾǸ˲ǾӣĹҲпµģǾӡ˴ҵʱҲˡ̫ƽգ鶯۾˵
ǵģһߣһˡһʿȷˣҪȻǸ˭أԪ۾໨ɲյ̧Եø롣
̫ƽȥ
Ŀԣ˫Է۾ס
̫ƽˣͷ¶ѩ׵񾱡
ԪЦ̫ƽۣ㼸ʱ޸ң
̫ƽЦ񡣻ʲôֹһ𣿡
δҹζ࣬룬˴Ǿͳ׺òã˴֮Ҳʮ꣬͡Ԫס̫ƽ֡
ϺȻůˣ̫ƽЦôʲôֲܣѵ𣿡
ҵȻᡣԪ˵ǣȻãһ𡣡
ϲ̫ô࣬ҶʼɣҲ㼱ʲô̫ƽЦ
ϲкҲܶࡣԪǴ⡣
Ԫǵãһ̫ƽʱΪ꣬ɽһ
ǵķ㣬ǣƣˡ
ʲôϵֲǡ̫ƽЦ
ҲܣҪүү¾ӭȢ㣬Ǹʱڡʺϰϲ¡Ԫ²˵
ҲܲЩ£ȥͬҸĸɡ̫ƽˣ£ֱӸ˵ʲôǵġ
Ԫ֪һŮ˵ͬˡ
áȥ㸸ס
һȣȥݼһ¾ӡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ӵ԰Դ˻̫֮󣬾͸ˡֻǣǸطǺΡɽĻϲȥġԪ˵
ûϵҾͲȥ̫ƽ˵
ڳĻҪˣҹ粻Ԫ˵ղȥյĻүү¡
ҿһȥ̫ƽЦ
ȻһȥˡҲĵġҪȥȥɣպգҲ֪ûпաԪ̾˿˵̫ƽʲôҪһҪȥ𣿡
һҪȥ̫ƽᶨ˵
ǣȻҪȥͱȥԪս̫ƽĶ˵Ȼ㲻ߡ
ůĺ˶ϣ̫ƽֻˣæվͷõ͵͵ģ˵ȥ˵һ
ãţȥ㸸˵ءԪס̫ƽ֣λϣ΢΢һЦȻˡ
̫ƽֱҧ촽
ʯϰһо֣滹˼ƬݻƵҶӣͶ¡ŵ⡣
ţüͷԪ߹ҪԪ˵ˣΪպҪˡ
ЦҲӦö񡣡
ʵ壬һӣͿԷΪʤˡԪº͵˵һӣϡ
ϲ⣬̫ǣӣҲֻó
ԪЦֻǻѣ̸ʲôǣǵģӦŮ̫ƽ
Ц̫ƽǷǳǣ̫̫ӻ
ŮôܸкӱȻأۻ̫ƽҲŮкˡԪЦ
̫ƽܹ̫ʶҲ̫ƽĸ˵
ˣܵõŮķģҵĸû˵꣬ͱԪˡ
ǰǰ˶Ц
ԹҴ£µʱ򣬺Ů̫ƽסԪ˵
˵ʽ񣿡һ
ǵģ׵ʱһ͵Ƹ顣ҹ˼Ԫ˵
̫ƽ˼ģҵŮǹܲŵġЦ
˵һжԪҲЦ
Ȼ̫ƽ˵ˣȻҲͬġ룬̫ˣҪˡ̫
һ£̫ƽҪһ£Ҹ·һᱣҿհͻԪ˵
ΪΪ׵ģ˵ŮҪȥҹ϶ǲӦģҲҪһȥû뵽ȴʲôʣ˵̫´ȥȻǷĵģҴӦˡ


541 ɽ

ԪҲòԣ˵үû˿ĵ⾿̫ˣ̫ںأ
Ԫ⻰ļζεЦΪ̫ƽ´ҷĵģ̫ƽ̫²ҪˣҶ⼸ŮһͬʵģȻж˭ƫĵĵ
Ȼү˵ҲˡҼǵõʱϷԾʱ˵Ҫ̫ƽ̫ƽҲеġϷ˿еļ̳ˣ϶ġԪ˵˼ǣ̫ƽԺȨϣҪ
⻰˵ǳΡ
̫ƽ֮Ϊ̫£ˡº̫ƽ˳ǿЦ
Ԫ˵ͷǾˣʱ̫ƽѾ
ԪȥֻĻ棬һε֦ľӣϰźüɫĳڴ룬İڷŹϹ
̫ƽӣңüϸ۵͸ŵķɫڴһȦɫĲ֦ϣ׺ϸϸС˳
ԪЦſڵ㣬Ѿˡ
˵꣬˳ȥ
̫ƽҲ߳ȥǣ̫ƽûҲ˳ȥ
̫ƽԪͬһ
ⲻǵһһȴǻһΡ
ʱŵãˡԪЦ̫ƽߣ¼鷢֣ȥƽ
Ԫָ̫ƽϡ
̫ƽˣץסԪ֣˵֣ôô
ԪЦû¡
Ҽǵùȥжû̫ƽĵ˵
ûжҩˡԪЦΪһֱжԡһֱǱġĲˡ
Եġ̫ƽ˵磬ġ
Ҫ·ģԪЦԣҼҪȢ㣬Ȣ㣬˸ˡ
ˣĿĲ̫ƽװ
ǰԪȻס̫ƽ촽ô
̫ƽͷ
ԪЦʵҲѾ֪˭µĶˡ
̫ƽӵ
ǣǻүүԪЦʱһֱϾҪɱҵĸףĸףҡҪڵġǺǵı©ٳϲϲˣʱſҵĲܣΪ˴֡Ϊ˴ϲžúõĴҡ
ϣˡ̫ƽ̲ס˵
ֻ֪ԺҪ˵ˣҪ֪˵ⷬܶ˶˵治ġϱϣܻҪųնԪѵ
̫ƽЦҾΪֻߣҲ˵⻰ģӿڳĵҶôңҲͦ˵ġ
δӣôܹأ˱һ
·ţ̫ƽЩˡǴӰóƬݸԪ
Ԫ˵Ҳϲǰһݣͣ档
ãҲþûˡԪЦ
ݵˡ
̫ƽԪƹģҪ棬ţ⡣
õģ
Ԫϲɾ
ǣԪþûСطˣͦõġ
Ҳͦģ︽һˮˮɽ
ЩɽܴҲոģҽָͣ˵һϻˡǼǰߣпܣᱻ·ǮЩ۵
ͨǰĳǳؾֻһ·
ҲֻȲˡ³͢ȻҲܡ
ܵ͢Ű涼ǿС͢Լܲء
ԪЩۣܲζû뵽伲඼ˣǣϻ˵Ҫ˿Ϊ⡣
Ԫ͹ȥ̫ƽ˵ǰ˵ɽҲǸոġȴǳǿһҪȥǿܾͻΣˡ
ɽΪʲô֮ǰ߹·ȴûзأ
ʱ»ûôҡ⼸꣬Ѿȥôڿˡÿ춼Լ֣ûлʺֺ󹬣ҲһŴҡӻҲֻԼ˻ֲϣ涼ǿУ߲Ͷ˵ҲԺܶûзˣѡɽôǿɽȴټԪ˵̫ƽΪ˰ȫǲȻȥȳ͢ƽЩɽ㡣
ԡɽɽǲܹΪɽͲ·ˡ˵Ҳǳ͢ˣ˵˳ܹƽǡ̫ƽ˵


542 ·

̫ƽҶûģƽɽ˹ȥġԪ˵̫ƽǳٵȥʲôϵأǺαһҪȥأ
̫ƽЦҲ˵ֻһʶõʿνǣ˵ȴģ
ԪЦ̫ƽҲǲ飬ֻǾáǺαҪȥأ
̫ƽЦȻǡ书дʲô˵ˣȻɽǣÿùȥˣǹȥˡû
Ԫ̾˿˵̫ƽΪһҪȥأ
ԲȥġԼȥ̫ƽҵ¡
Ԫæס̫ƽ̫ƽˣҸȥɡ
̫ƽ˦Ԫ˵Ϊȥȥʱȥִһˣ벻ˣҪͣαظأֲûһ߹·
Ԫ̾˿˵̫ƽҲٺˣȥҶˡ
˵ĺһôһ·ҾͲţȥ˶Ѿˡ̫ƽ˵
Ԫס̫ƽЦҴ˻𣿡
߿̫ƽ죬ԶšʱӦȥģȴҪùġҲϲԶŵˡ
̫ƽѵԪ̰𣿡Ԫ̾˿˵ȻǡΣաôΣأ
̫ƽԪţЦˣԭˡ
Ц˾ͺˡԪЦã߰ɡ֮ǰҪˡ
̫ƽ˵þûˣ㣡
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Ԫ̫ƽţšȻ̫ƽˤһӡԪæסˡ
û°ɣԪе˵
û£Ǻ̫ۡƽ˵
ɽ䡣ԪԼ·̫ƽϡ
̫ƽ˵磬˸ңô죿
𣿶౧㣬ͲˣԪ̫ƽպ̫ƽһ𣬡ůǸС¯
㡭̫ƽôԪһ¡
𣿡Ԫ̫ƽĽ˵
û¡̫ƽҡҡͷ㲻ҪҡҾ
ˣ౧ңǸãԪЦ
̫ƽЦ
ǺȻԪ˽Ų˵Ҫߡ
ôˣ̫ƽһ
ԶܶŲԪ˵У˺ܶ࣬ңŲôһֲŽᡣ
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ǣĽšԪһ
ҵĽû¡̫ƽǰ˼ʹ
̫ƽұ㡣ԪЦ
Ǿ߲졣̫ƽΪѵ˵
ûϵһܴɡʲôԪ˵꣬Ͳɷ˵ס̫ƽ֣ˡԼĺϡ
Ԫʼѵñһˣ˽Ų졣
̫ƽֻöߴಡķرסԪ
ǣǰ棬Ȼվһŵˡ
ԪòͣЦǰ׷ǻ̫ƽǲòжǰˡ
̫ƽ˵ɽ޷ҪӣǰӽǣǷ߰ɡ
ԪЦӣҲ빰á̫ƽ֪һ˰ԼĶáǻ类ɱء
̫ƽǿȺˡ
˸ֵ͸ɱ
˭ӲˡΪ׵Ǹˣߡһ£˵Ҹǡˮú֮ǰֻǽٲơûɱˡǣҪɱ˵ζ
ԪЦŶǾƾǼɱǣ
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Ҳ˵ﻹǵĻذԪ˵˫ֱء
˵ģ㲢¡Ŀ͸ɱ֪ΪǣҪɱ𣿡
Ԫҡҡͷ֪ͿǶĻ׳ˡ
˴ӻͳһݻᣬ˹ȥ
ԪһǻϻģԪ
ĻͦġԪЦԭҪɱҡɲԸ˭
㷴ǿˣҲûϵǣҲ֪Ǹ˭Ҳ֪ܶЦԣ˼ˣֻɱ㡣һе·ˡ
̫ƽ˵޷ҪǮǸǮǸ˫ˡ
ҡҡͷ£ǵԼܶ˵ɡֻܶġ
ܲǿ֮ǰҼܶأ̫ƽЦʡ
ţһʡ˺Ȼ˻֣ҳ塣


543 ɱľͷ

ɱô죬û˴Ϣһ£Ϳʼˡ
̫ƽˣӦԪĻٵȥ߾͸ɴ಻Ҫˡ
´ûкҩ
񲻵̫ƽΣգԪҲΣգô࣬˻ذ
ֻԪӶֽšһȭһѵ˶ɳȥ
ְΧǣԪ˫һԱߵ֦顣ʹһɣŹ־˹ȥ
һҽУǵأԪס̫ƽ־ǰܡ
Ҫ׷ˡȻһŮӴȻ˵
ͷϴŶҡһһƬİɴסǳѩ
ǡӾȻΪһ仰ôҶȥҪ׷ˡ
Ů˵ԪȻֲŷɱ۸̫˵㡣ȥŷ̸üۣŷٳʮļ۸񣬲Ȼҿɲɡ
ɽˮ֦Ծżһ紵ҡ֦伸Ƭ޵Ļ
Ԫ̫ƽ翿ż磬űϢ
ܳˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵磬᲻ңҲ㺦㡣
Զ㡣Ԫ˵ǵղڴжûˡǸˮҿȥˮ
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̫ƽоõԪԪ˵磬ΪմȾѪ
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ŮԼŷѾ֪֪ˡԲŸ˷˵
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ڻ᲻ǱʲôӻϾᣬòԼϣ
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ҽһ飬ҪֻܿԼһ취ͿԸԸˡŷһЦ
ֻҪܳҪʲôѽŷе˵
ŷѹ˵ˣҪƾһŮϴòŮӣûƾŶȥܡֻһ취һֱٰܼӽϣҲϻ㵱Ĵ棬ȥ


544 Թż

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ȻôùᡣΪʲôҪأƺҵķ䡣ϣޱ顣
ǺĺĹ㣬һˡ˹߸߰ͷ˵
ȻҲ˵ҵˣǾͲˣҷȰһ˵Ҫͷ̫ߡûԼʯͷˤ˿ɱû㡣⻰˵꣬˹Ȼžͱʯͷˤ˸ࡣ
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Ҹն˵ˣҪͷ̫ߣ㶼ˤˣϣҺⲻг˵ǰͷҪȻҿƺӶϴˡЦ
˹ȴȻ񳣴һס࣬첲Ĳӡ
ףʲô֣༱ˣ
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ԭΪûοҵģ֪ҸеܸˣʵֻҪһ¾ͺˡоȻΪЦ
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Ҳƽǻϲߵġ̾˿Ϊʵعᡣ
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磬֪ϲʲô𣿾ΪÿζôΪ롣Ҫ뿪ҲܾΪҡЦС󣬸׾ҵжһȥҼ˶ˣûһкӢþһҿĵһۣҾ֪ⱲӶ뿪ˡҪ׷ȥĺǡ
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ԣǹȥϲˡˡ
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УֻҪ˵ˣ˿æסе͡
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˵硣㲻Ȣģһģ֪ġ
̾˿˵һ顣ϣջسǰ˹һֱ˵Ҷ񣬿»ΪΪ˹һȢ
ǿ϶ˡ˹òҢõ㣬޳ܡ˵磬һҪ棬ԲȢǸŮˡһӵòҸġ
̾˿˵ԼοأԣҰɣС
ǲܵ飬СҾʹûҪ㣬ⱲǼ޸㣬ķˡȴ˼ᶨ
Уǲнġ㻹ഺãԺգοΪ˷ʱأЦԴعҾͱ̫̫ǣҲܴ̫κλرһžǸࡣ
ԶǶġѾˡ
Улл㰮ңʹ˱ˡ
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һ˯оһôΣյ£̫ƽȴԵúܸˣ档
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Ԫ̫ƽСӱߣȻ˫ҨһƵˮˮ
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546 ϡ

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ȻˣǵģȡЦҡ֪ءס̫ƽգ۾˵
סĵطô׾ͱǷ֣ǾͲɽˡԪ̫ƽ˵̫ƽ֪ϲʲôϲ۾۾Ժ棬ҲԺʣԺܴҲԺܳɵ
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ܱæ˵ãߣҸǡóһŽݣ˵Ĵæûд̫ӣǽݣ˵ӡ£ЧвУ
ŮЦɽ˦ˣѵǻȥŸ㲻ɣֱЦݡáҿȽá˵ͨͷǱȽֵǮġ
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Ԫϣӻû˵лԪףǷ˼


547 ĹѨû

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˼ţȻ̫ƽƺת΢΢˸
Ϊ̫ƽȫӰţȴˣ̫ƽҰһ졣ƺ˯Ҳڱʾͷ΢΢ƫ˹ö˷ڡ
ԪǾȥŷ磬̫ƽ˯ÿˣǣԪŵֱҲʹ
ڣҹԽԽԪ˯ˡ
ˡ
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һܴƽԼӡһȦһȦؽ⿪
Ԫס̫ƽ
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𡣡̫ƽЦԱ˺·
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ã·Ͽܶҩһȥҩģ˵ɽϵĲҩƽĶҪܶࡣ̫ƽȻԵú˷ܡ
ߵģҽģһ˼ҩϡԪ谮̫ƽͷ
ϸµͷĻֱԪСࡣ
Ȼˡʲôλʲô£ȻѧҽģҾһҪѧá˵ˣҲǾӵԸ̫ƽЦַԪļϣ˵߰ɣС
СءԪ̫ƽ°͡
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ǿһȥпڸءԪЦţ¶ѩ׵ݣչ
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ŮӺϡԪס̫ƽ֣촽ϣһס
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Ԫ˵ǰѾģھȻûˣиĺۼӦǱġΪģһۼ
̫ƽ˵ģǣģΪʲôտҲأҲӦʬ塣Բԣ
Ԫ̾˿˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôǼǰߣܲҵʲô
ҹˣʲôӡûС̫ˡ̫ƽһ˵ֻһܣӸû


548 ְĵ

ʱԪһľԭء
һԺüŭʵıǼ絶һ㣬ڵһȦɫĻߣԵӢʮ㡣
ʱ̫ƽںڵ㷢һӣһɫëڣŻưĲ£Ǻܼ򵥣ȴֵסס
ҵ̫ԲԲģһԲûҶ֦ɨһ߸ߵϣƺҪոɨɾ
Ƕյ̫ˣܳȣʵȴǵůǴҲ̡
˺üˣûκκۼҲӵĻˣҲʬ塣̫ƽˡȥ˷ǵľûκô
ԪͷĿ⻹ǷĹ
һֱ벻ͨ˾Ϊʲôǿˡ
ҲԺԼḡֵģʱһֱңѰ𰸣ǵѰҵʱ򣬴ȴԼȴˡ̫ƽ΢Ц
áԪ̫ƽЦãܹʵҡ
̫ƽҲЦԪ
ӦΪֹҸʱ˰ɣ
ʹ
һ״İɫ壬ɫĹԵĹ£Ʈݡ
ϣ˵֪ϴδְģ
Ũüһ壬˵ְı󽫾ﵱѾȹ꣬ʹնְġ
΢˵ʥֻǣְ˵仰ֿ֪Ӧ𣿡
ϵͷ׼
˪һı죬ȥһƬžΨɰͦΡ
ε·᫲ƽ
۾Ⱦ˪ѩȥ鲻Խ
ְһڵϣˣһЦ
Ҳǹҵİɣְ˵Ӣ۵˾·Ҳûʲô˵ġ
˴ţһƷ˵ϡ
ְģ֪ж𣿡ЦҿųģΪŮһ㡣ǣ㾹Ȼݽ棬Ϊʫ㾹Ȼµ֣
ְĵ۾ҲкҩҿԲһдȥȥ
ѾˣںʲôãģԼݻˣҲԼݻˣЦҲˣݻˡ
ְƺͷ£ǵġҪңȸһңҲڵز
˵Ͳж𣿡
ҺҪˣܶһ١ְĿЦʵһҲͬʬһ㣬ҲҲһֽѡ
ȴȻסְģһ˵ϧ֪ж𣿡
ְĹЦ֪β֪ǣڻ˭ֲܹأ
㺦ôˣÿֲ𣿡ְƵְĵĺ󱳣ײǽϡ
ְĿЦ˵ʲôʱ
󡣡Цְģ벻Ҳнա
ְʵεЩҾ뵽Թ޻ڵİȴûϧûкҩ룬ҲҲãҾͿԼˣֻǸʱԸҵĵǸԸһ𣿡
һ͸ĵŮˣټҲԸٺһˣ㡣Цְģҽ뿴ʲô̬ȡ
ԡڵı֣ó𣿡ְĵϣѾᡣ
ЦԭΪڲӣܸˣ֮ҲĿˣû뵽ҿӣѹˡԭʱ򣬺һˣĲǱˣǿԼ
ˡְĴڴڵغžơ
ְҪնϢʫĶ
ʫľȻھǰ棬ݺ߹ȥ˵С㡣Ѿʰˡ
ʫЦݺѾְˣְҲֵˣ㿴ҡǲɫ˥ˣ˰𣿡
ݺæ˵СԶ
ǷлɣҲãҲֻһԸˡʫӴԺΨһܿҲֻˡ
ӳʫóǸ飬ְдģ˴ʫġ
ʫЦ벻ҪˣҲûҪҺ룬ҪҺˣҲԸ⡣ɹһ·ҲҪ顣
ݺ˵С㣬ǻȥ
ҡҵĸֳһԸҵġʫЦ߰ɡϣҲûмѾˡ
ʫݺ˳ȥ
ȥһʱָ棬Ѿһˡ


549 紵ݶ

ˣܺڳһƬǺ
ʱʱ
Ԫ̫ƽ˫˫ߵԭϮĵط
̫ƽпܣǻٴڴˡԪ˵
Ϊʲôôأ˭ͬһطأ̫ƽͷ˵
УΪϣȷˣεͬһ塣ԪһЦҡľܣعϡʺǣҪȥҲǱؾ֮·뵽ǣҲȻõ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ΣǵΣпܣѾ¶ˡ
һΣǵϮҲ͡һֱáһΣû׷Ϊû̸ü۸ԡԥԥġԪЦ
ûпܣΣû̸ü۸أ̫ƽЦ
ҲϣԪ˵ӲһΣա
̫ƽ˵ȡ
Ԫס̫ƽ˵ôҶᱣ㡣·һҪ뿪Ҫҡ
磬ġô˵Ļ̫ƽҡҡͷʵҲҪôۡ
̫ƽ뵽ð취𣿡Ԫϲ
̫ƽ˵ͷֻǣȽðհˡ
Ҿ֪һа취Ԫס̫ƽͷ̫ƽϣ˵ҡ
ǿճǼơ̫ƽЦǿԷֿߣңǰѲݴŪңҳŪڶļ󡣡
ԪһڶࣿҲ˵ɱ֮ƣ
̫ƽͷȻ࣬ǣȫòľƣǻɣǰ˺ܶȱ
СԪ˵Ʋʵ̫ðգҷֿ£һǷ֣ĴͷǳΣˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵Ψһĺð취ҡǲֵᷢġ
˵һأңҪһԣһȿͰԼڣȵΣ֮ˡܴӦ㣿Ԫ˵ǣһߡ
ҪһĻĻ˵Ļɡ̫ƽɫֻҷֿǿǷֿŻţǰ˺ܶȱȻҲһߡ
С̫Σ˶㡣Ԫֵ
硣̫ƽԪ۾˵Ҫһ룬ӳȥҪȻ˶Ҫץӳȥ֮󣬻԰ȱҰ
ԪˣǲһߵģƲҲС
磬Ϊôִأ̫ƽ̾˿˵
û취˭˵롣Ԫһ§̫ƽ
о̫ƽһ˵һԣС;ߣĿһϮ֮ǰҵġ
Ԫһ⡭
̫ƽԪļ˵Ҷ⣬ʲô
ҽ㡣Ԫ̾˿˵ȻִҪˣҲáһԡ
Ԫֳ֦˵ߵʱ򣬲ӶҲõϵĻҳΪ֦߶ڵϻҳ
ͦõġ̫ƽЦ
ǣ˶ΪԷ֦
𣿡Ԫĵ˵
̫ƽҡҡͷܣȻܡ
Ԫס̫ƽ˵̫ƽǺ𣿡
̫ƽ˵ͷȴ˵ңߵôΣաԡΣ߽Σա
̫ƽ֪Ԫ֪̫ƽʲôˡ
ԪȻԼˣΣա
ǣֲ̫ƽҲֻܼװӦ
ʱѾ˼ʮ塣
ÿϣˡ
ֻв֪ƫƫ̫ƽԪԻǷǳ˽ġ
߽·һ
п̫ƽԼƺ˲ΪߵĻҳԿ
һѵ̫ƽİ˾ȱ
ڶ̶̵ڣ̫ƽܰôȱ
ܵİ
ǲܣ̫ƽɲһŮˡ
ԥţȻԪҲҳ𣬻߹
ԪҲвپȱ̫ƽԪһߵġ
Ԫ̫ƽƾʲôô̫ƽһأ
̫ƽѾ˾ȱô˱̫ƽԪȻǷˡ
кȥ߸ܶ
ɴŮЦ̫ƽĹ켣ɱ֮ơֻɱȥҪǣǾ˶ѡ
нӵܶǾɱȥ
Ȼ̫ƽɱȥΪ̫ƽȽ
Ԫ˷紵ݶս˽


550 ɱ

̫ƽнϮ֪ˡ
ǳ̫ƽԪ̽ĳɷ־Ӷࡣ
̫ƽ΢΢һЦɽ˹
⵹ŵмæͣ
̫ƽ̫ˣΣ̫ƽѵӦʮơΪϼ
ôӭ
бȽϽóȻǰ
ԪˣҲͣ۲졣
紵̫ƽǰ㷢ƮǺˮճ
ûǰҲûкˡ
ʱ򣬱ȵľƣ̫ƽԱסƣпܡͻɽܡ
Ͼ¹ٱġ
ԡ̫ƽҲ˿
кˣҪˣɴŮӹˡ
ô֣ɴŮЦɱ֮ƣܰų
ȻɴŮӶ˵ɱ֮ˣɽǶʱ£˹ȥ
Ԫͷȥ̫ƽվһ𣬡̫ƽˡҲһ˳Σա
硣̫ƽЦˣڣҲ¡
԰žһƬΨ÷Ŀţ㣬ƽ˺Щ¡?
Ӻ̫»û𣿡
ԪôˣӺժ˶÷ڱһ˵
̫´̫ƽѾˣûļҵġ̾˿˵
ӺһɽⱣôƫƫʱ뿪أá
ӺϴŹٱǰȥӪԪ̫ƽ
Ѿҵļһ㣬˳ȥ
ԪһʹС
ǹȻֻˡЦҲмˡ
Ԫһ̹ȥвмƣĽһġ
ùԪ̵˴ϣ˵ϡ
ûáɴŮӷ˹ԪԴ
ɽȥΧ̫ƽ
ԪһӭսɴŮһȥ򿪱ɽ
̫ƽץסɳ˺һСӣȻɴŮӹȥ
ɴŮæ㿪ɻЩɳӽȥ۾
Ԫû̫ƽɱ
ɴŮ۾˵׷
ǰ棬ܶࡣ
Ԫ̫ƽͣ壬ɻǱһסˣϰһŴԪȥ
ɴŮ׷ˡԪڣ֪Ҫ˰ɣ
壬ʤ֮䡣Ԫ˺ɴȻƤģ˺ơ
ԪӲȥˡûˣӵóҵ塣ɴŮЦץס̫ƽ֣Ǵ̫ƽõȷǺÿ
̫ƽŭ㾿ô
ô˵˰˳˸߼ǵͷֻˡɴŮ̫ƽ۰
Ԫŭ
ɴŮЦҰҿҪҶˡ
Ԫ˵̫㲻ҪǮҿԸʮģֻҪǡ⣬һǵ
ɴŮӴЦҵȻĻֻҷǣǻȥʹˡ
ᣬԪ˵㻰
ֲʲôˣǣҳΪŮˡɴŮЦ֪϶ͬ⡣
Ԫһ̫ƽ˵ǲ̫
̫˭˲أɴŮЦôó𣿡
ֻҪӦˡ̫ƽ侲˵
Ҳûá㻹ţֻ㣬ȢңҲᰮҡɴŮӱֻ˵ģԽ˵ԽȤ㡣
ɴŮӹȥһذף֪ôǳȫǡ
Ҫ̫ƽǸӣŮħͷԪսȭͷҧгݡ
ˡɴŮһ֡ɽñӶԪȥ
ȻԪ书ڣǱ˴
Ҫ̫ƽ˵
ôˣɴŮӹЦذѾˣˣԪͿȢҡҵȻŹԼҷˡ
Ҫ̫ƽԪУȻǱӣһһӵأԪϣʹ顣
̫ƽذףǲɱһŹ磿
ѵ㻹еѡ𣿡ɴŮЦ
Ԫ˵̫ƽҪɵˣ˭ŹǣҪǵͷȥӡ
ɴŮЦԪͷ벻㻹ѡûҲŹǡֻ
ɡ̫ƽҧ˵

Ȼٱˡ
ôɴŮʼδֻɽӭС
̱ӣɱķۺ졣
һȥɽǵϱŷһ⣬һױ˺롣Ѫһء
¹ǿϡ
ԪϳˣӺˣ
ˡӺһȥѴˡ


551 

ֻӺĿ䣬һŨüԲϣϣ͸ԵţһɫۣڻһȦɫİߡһƥɫͷһȺзɳ۶
˭˭ôĴ棬Ŀ¶׹⣬ܰ
ԪҲӺһɱ
ɴŮӼ̬æѵ̫ƽϡ
ס֡ҪȻɱɴŮЦ
ԪһҪ
Ӻˣͣ
Ԫ˵һɽΪӡ뵽һŮҪЮʲôӢۺú
ҿû˵ǺúɴŮ΢΢һ֣ϣӾͷɱɴŮȥ
ҪˡԪ˵
ˣͣ
Ԫ˵̫ƽҴӦǣǿ԰ȫ뿪
ɴŮЦҲҪȫ뿪Ҫʯ١˵ꡣѵ̫ƽϣ˵͡
㡭Ԫˡ
ɴŮЦҾϲ㺦µӡԭԪҲ첻µزµģҡ
ˡԪµĲ㣬̫ƽӺЦԶȲ̫ƽ
˵ʲôɴŮˡ
Ӻ˵ˣҪŭȻûмĿ֪ǸӡԪ̾˿˵
һӣʲôóġ
̫ƽڷԪŵ亹졣Ȼϣô
ԪҲǱ뵭
Ԫϻ˵Ҫİ˶ͣԾɴŮЦ̫ƽҲֵõģ
ֵáԪȻ˵ҵȻ
ֳ˶һ
Ԫ˵ҪҵˣôܻΪһŮŮĺܡĺδ޷ݡ
Ӻ˵֪˵ʲô𣿡
ԪЦȻ֪ɵĲȥµĲ
ɴŮһãȻ㲻ںҾͲˡ
Ӧ˵ǡԪ˻֣ϣЩٱ̧˹
Ҫ㲻̫ƽ̫ƽӺˡ
ɴŮӰ̫ƽƵԼǰЦֻģ̫ƽң
̫ƽԪ۾ʪˣҪҡ
Ԫ
ӺȻ嵽Ԫǰ˫˵ԪҪң
ԪֱţӺ
Բ̫ƽҲԣӺ¸ҶִţɽʲôҪֻ˵
ԪһȭӺͷϣӺʱ赹ڵء
̫ƽһѾµԪʲô
ɴŮӼˣЩżˣ˵ܶԪģӺ
̫ƽЦԣץסûõģԪ֣Ϊ˷ɽˣ
졣ҲᡣɴŮӺ
ܣӳȥġǰĵ·ߣԷһɽɽϣǻԶһӡ̫ƽݲȵ˵
㵹Ǻ¸ңͷˣôˡĵΣұϤȻҲûƭǣȷߣȫġɴŮЦ
ǿܰɡȻǷżǾܲˡ˵
ɴŮЦԪĸҷż𣿡
ͷԪѾٴ
ɴŮӺ򶨣ǣɽѾµ÷мתҪˡ
ܶɽڲûգ߰ɣ˵
ɴŮֻð̫ƽԪһӣȥ
̫ƽˤԪ
̫ƽû°ɣ
ʱӺҲѹˣ⾰ʣҪҪ׷ȥ
Ҫ׷ɽµ塣׷ȥͻȫûԪ侲ط
Ӻ̾˿˵̫ƽû¾ͺá
̫ƽƿԪȥ
̫ƽǲǹҲ㣿Ԫæͣǹ˵ġս
Ͳ£ɱң̫ƽȻˡ
ҡΪûӳȥðաɱ㣬ʱ䡣ǾͿԳûߡԪ˵ŮӡȻô˵ܶͲɵӣȻ뵽һ㡣
֮ҲҪġ̫ƽװ
̫ƽ㵱ȻҪġԪˣ̫ƽתԪ׷
˺ˣˡ̫ƽЦʵ˽㣬֪սǡһǲˡ
֪֪һҵġΪǹȫֵ̫ƽԪЦŰ̫ƽᱧӺһá
˵ꡣͱ̫ƽ
أһƬ塣


552 ȸ

߹ء
ʱֵأǰ׷һЩѩѩѾˣǵϻһƬס
϶˻쳹Ұĳģ˵ۡ
һһվڻϡ
źͲĲɣУȻѹǷ۾񣬿ȥô
ʱŲԶŽվǰŵĽֳַ컭ꪣϵε˴ۡ
վ￴ʲôȥʯͷһٷˣűӡ
ݶ˴ˡ˵
Ϊ㻹ǰݶˣʲô£Ȼǽսȥʯͷʯͷûò׼Էֺ˵
ǹȥȸ
ʱȸһĨż˵ǽϱսҪ͵Ϯ
ҪܣӾҪ
ס֡ȻбǴܹһ꣬糿ǣסӵıӣһק
ӱקڵأˣôĵӣˣȸɻץ
ԭȸĶӣĸ磬ɻ
ңɻȻþˣ㲻ȥǣ۸Ѿˣ
۸һˣ໹۸𣿲۸ǣ۸˭
ȸ˵ˡ
ܾˣף۸ҲͰˣҴ㣡УҽԲȥˣɻһʯͷ˾Ҫӡ
ʲô˺Ҫܣǣɻץסˡ
ȸסɻ˵Ҫ嶯
˳ûˡ
סߣͷڽǰһ״ҪǼûˡɻ˼ˡ
ֻҪȸɫɻˣôġ
ɻ̾˿˵ףһ·ȴʲôĽ
ȸ˵ǻû͵ĥĥҲá
ĥʲôʱǸͷɻЦ
ûá˹ǽɻȥһˣ
ΣȻɻûȸȸˣ˵һΣգҪȥˡ
ףȥͲĥ𣿡
ȻǲɱǣǶȻûҪĵȸɫ
ڱ߹شôˣʲôίûܹǡһֱʹξԲܵ˺
ҲȥˡɻЬóһذףԼϣҾͲţҶ书ô
ģȸһ
ףʵЩ˽˺ܶΪľҪʵʱԼɻ˵
á㲻ҪȥеģеȸȻ˵
ɺ㾹Υûáһ˰Χȸɺ
ɺȻһа٣Ƕڵء
ʱ߹ش˵سǽɱˡ
ʱĻɢϻɢ
ʱȸȴվˡݶ˳ǣΪֻһسǽĸӵˣ
Ҷԥ
˵ô죿֮ǰŹȸʵ
ֻѪƴס߹ءݶ˻׷ɱǣ͢һΪͨԣΨһ·ɱǡȸ˵
һͬˡһͬˡ
ԽԽˣվȸߡ
е˶ͬˡ
ǡˣҪһ졣
ɻ˵˭ܱҸ׸Ӻһ
˵ûȸȥǴ󽫾սȷʲˡǣҪˣȸһͽͽôͳأ
ɻ˵ҪӮⳡսֻۣһоǲܿΪƽȣǾעʧܡ
˵öԣҪӮǲأӮǾ·۷׷׵
ڣƾȸΪ
·´ƽۣȸϣŲزסľϲ
ףսסɻɫս߹
ȸţ۾ʪˡ
ڿԻսˡѾôûдսˡ
ĿԴ𣿡ȸ˫ֲš
ǵģסɻҲˣǣǲӮǵݣ
ȸսףسǡ
ӪУֳֶƣڵϣΧһͰֻͰ󣬲֪ʲôܡ
ɱݶ˳ǡ
ǣȸɵָͶʳʯѱݶ˴ͷѪ
ڱݶ˳˵ʱȸȻʤ׷
ſˣɱ
ս˻У޹쳹աȸһص


553 

޴յƶ䶼סˣѹѹһƬƺʱ
ɱźһš
ȸɱķǳ졣Ѿþãþûôˡ
ſȥƴɱһʱ䣬Լ
ΪǱǽûйϵˡ
ֻ֪֣ڴˡ

Ԫڰ̫ƽͻˡǳˣԪһԷԪȻҲӦˡ̫ƽͬλ԰
ʯһ̲ںˮӳ·ŵľ⣬ȴûбʯǰͨ͸
ϸɾѺԪüĿ㣬һɫ֯Խ¸ԵʲϵһѪ塣
̫ƽҪˡ˵ְľҪնˡԪ˵
̫ƽһ΢ģ綼
ʵְˡּҵܣԶⲻˡԪ˵ʵϣְô
ϡ
ϹżƬҶһֻѻͣϣʱʱĴĽ
ʫְļˡȻ࣬ɶǱ
ʫܼҶġ
ѻ˵˵ʫô˵ؼҾͻؼءô㣿
ף˵𣿡ʫںڵ㷢һ٣ǣڴ죬ɫý£һɥҪҷְģ˵ְѾûüֵ
ǵʱڣְѾϾҪնȷûκοüֵ㼱ںƲϵ㡣ǣһԵػ˻˵㱡飬Ҫ̯ϣһ
ˡȥ˵ͺְĺ롣ʫһЦ
ˣҪ뿪ǰڣ㶼ˡŪɳ׾ѻ̾˿˵죬ҽϰɡ
ϣΪʲôҪϣʫһ
ôӦò²£ȨƵˣǻˡѻһЦ
ʲôҪȥѡ㣿ʫæҡҡͷа̫ˡ
˭˵Ҫѡ㣿ѻҡ˻ڵĺĲͿˣѻò豭˵裬һ˵Ѿ޹ˣôѡأ
ڣ֬ζţɢҵİڷżСУ涼Ǹɫ֬ʫԾơ
Ȼǲѡ㣬Ǽʲôʫ˹˵óһ֧ӡԼķ٣˱ȡ
ѻò豭Ǹ˸Ĳˮĭ˵ϣϾͿԣҪΪҲֻѡһ·
ʫòԾת˵ףҪŮ𣿡
ѻҡҡͷվߵʫ󣬿žľɫ˵֪㳤úÿϿˣһ㡣ҪΪʵ۵ŮˣһҪѡ㣬ֻҪԸ㣬ôԡ
ʫЦǣô޳ܰһϺҺ˼졣ͲҪأ޷֣Ǻܶա
Ҫɴ£Ҫաʺ֮λõϵģ˻ʺ󣬻Ǳȼ޸ְģǰ;ѻ˵ŶЦʫѾǻʺһʱҾǹɣ˵жأ
ʫЦˣҲˣǣȴǰңơ
ѻʫ˵ŮȥĲǻӣǸӡְҲӡҲְܰ񣬻ϵͣԶԶְġֻҪʩչȥʮ֮һͿ԰ѻϣŪڹ֮ϰ
ף黢ҹȥûСʫ̾˿˵ҾȻĸס
ѻˣϾҪ״Ԫˣ㲻ĵôУӽôˣȥ԰ְԵôͲˣ
ʫ̫Ѩ˵ҿ¡ǣҸոմָܲϢһ£
ѻЦ֪ǸŮ
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ʫ̲ס֪ΪҪɱĸĸף谮籦ҲҲǣáС󣬵ճŮ㣬㣬ְҲġһиҵߵĸĸҲŲʵĸ硣ΪʲôӵһУңעֻ㣿ҲҪıˣˣҲռȵְͬģ㡭
С㣬Ҫˡݺο
ʫ˵̫ƽʲô
ݺ˵Ԫ̫ƽ֪ΪΣһǡոջ
ʫ˵ҲֻܴӦˡ̫ƽԪɽҲϣʲôͬأ
ʱϣ̫ƽԾĨں졣
Ȼһ˳


554 ɽ

Ԫ
ֻԪָ̫ƽһ֧Ρ
ᣬҪĽȻ֣Ҫ𣿡̫ƽ˵
ģĲԪϡ
Ϲ׼ĺȫ̫ƽϲԵģԪ׼˺֥㡣ҧܴ࣬ҲǸ㡣
㻹֪ˣ㻹˵ˡʲô̫ƽվ
˺ˣ֪ˡԪЦű̫ƽ˵㰡ǴϷ𣿡
ڵ޹ϢŨǵ˸մѬ㡣֮ûãͻȫȥúõ˯һ
ʱԪҲֱǷһ˫Ŀգ̫ƽһϺɫĳ´¡Ĺյȶˣϵŷɫ˿һȡ
Ҹ˹Ϲǣ㳢һɡԪЦ
̫ƽ˼飬Сҧ
ůůģһţϵ·Ѿˣǿȴûʲôо
̫ƽ뵽Ժɹкö෬һǳԲġ
̫ƽҪɷɡ
ȥԵģԱóԡ̫ƽ롣
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ȥԹķζܺãľǣ̫ƽ˳ԡ
ȻҲᣬò⡣
ڳԵķ棬̫ƽǺ޵ġ
ϸϸġõУǺܷʱġ
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԰İٻ˯ˣĵļɽûһɫһֻӹֻͣƬ̣Ϸˡ
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㾹Ȼһ͵ԣҲԡ
ˣ˯˲볳㣬Ȼ˾һ԰ɡ̫ƽ˲촽
Ȼˣҵδ޵ҵȻҪһԡ
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ֻ̫ƽϣΪոձѬġͺͿһ㵭ķɫһ̶ոոסüë
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ѻɲΪԼȥϵģΪŮѾ鵽ˣѻÿμ϶ǴŮʫÿζܾòŻȥġԪЦ
ʲôѻʲô̫ƽһ˿Ϭ
ֻϺ껹뵽ʲôȻŮȥˡԪ߳Ա˵
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õԪסڱšã㣬ˡ
˭ˣ컹ҡ컹ң̫ƽĴԪ
ԪһѰ̫ƽ§˻
΢̫ƽˡ
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ϵˮѾ㼯һСϪСٲڵϣһƬˮ
Ԫ̫ƽݶꡣ
ˡ
Ԫ̫ƽһ
Ȼȥôˣǡĸڴ˿̻Ƿĳ֡
վŲƾͷʪ˳
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ſڣʯʨĽ£һƬị̄Ѿ̦ʯʨĲϣһͭ塣
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壬ҸоͦõġԪЦ
ں̫ƽ֮ǹЦˡӺ˵ͷı仯Ҹеܸˡ㸸ĸܿһĻ֮Ҳοˡ
Ԫ̾˿˵ϧЩɽˣûץס
ҺִȥˣҲЩɽӺЦҪץסǣҪúܶ
ܲ鵽Щɽ֮ǰϵǳ͢ĸˣ͸ץˡԪһ˵


555 ǵ

Ӻһɫ֯£䴦ǽɫľߣϴһ˫īɫЬӣ˵˺ܾûûв鵽ʵ̫ˡ
ʵǶµõ˭û֤ݡԪЦ
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ǲû취ȥвǿװԼѾʮ֤ݣȥŻһԪŵЦ
ŷ˿ɲŻӺҡҡͷţȻʱǺ¡ǣȴҲʧܵ©
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̫ƽôȥðأ㲻֪֮ǰӺȥŵʱ򣬲͡Ԫˡ
֪ôأһʱһʱŷΪ߸ְģΪɱ󽫾Ŀĺܡ̫ƽЦ
ŷԶΪ֪Լжôһûеˡʲôġɱ򶨸ƭˡԪ
˵еӺ˵ܹ»СĵãðͲҪðա
ǰѵ㲻ҵ𣿡Ԫס̫ƽ֡
ֻѽ̫ƽ졣
ҸҪǣƽԪһ§ס̫ƽ̫ƽĶͷأ촽ȥ
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Ⱥɽûץסǣװŷ׵ӣŷ׿УҲǷǳǵġԪһЦɣǺȲ˵
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˵̥һģһأ
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Ҳ͸һﰡ
ǺܺãֻҪҪ˵أ̫ƽȻбѰ
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556 

̫ƽЦӮˣѡҪʲôأ
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ܶʱ׽ԲϷȷǻ˳µġΪ̫غˡ
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ûôҪҲ֪ǣϣְĲҪԪЦ
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Ԫ̾˿˵Ӻǵã˶Լųնģ


557 Զ

ӺһüͷϱһĨʹ֣ҲǷȥּңųնġְĸǲͨѹ£һֱ顣
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룬ûע⡣Ӻ̾˿
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558 ʫϮ

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559 

ʱΪϲùӣȻһƬϲ
Ҳˣ褺Ȼ͹ˡ
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̫ƽһԲЦĸ׵˼ǣƽӺãʲô󡣡
εҵ̫ƽĳÿѾתƻˡ
ɲǣ۹ô褺㿴˭ġ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵õܵܡɱٿңҷɵȥ𣿡
褺Цˣǫ飬ġ
ǳ˿Ц澫ϸ˭ģ
ǰίġ̫ƽ
ҲãҲֻſôá񵭵һЦ¾ʱһ۾ۣ
¾ƿˡھһиϰߣǲڼڡѳҴ֮󣬿¾Ѿˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ĪǾҲ𣿡ʧ˵
̫ƽ˵ͷ
ͬһ簡ͣӰȥ١褺Ц
̫ƽ褺㣬ѾԣҲ˺ܶ࣬ͷ߸ߵ㣬һīɫĳ۴¡ոոסϵƤѥЦ褺㣬ڳΪһкˡ
̫ƽ㣬ܵٺãҲ㰲š褺Ц
ϾҪˣ񣬴ɩֵһӣ˫ϲˡĸҲܲûöðԪ̾˿˵
Ҳ̾
˭˵Ϸ˲ܻܹϲ˵ոչ˴̫ͣ˵졣ͿϷ˻ˣϷˣѾɫˣ
ģЦ̫ˡ
ԣǻ£ôɡҪˡ褺ǳµ˵
á󣬻ҪӣûȥðˡЦ̫ƽͽɡ
áû⡣̫ƽ˵ע⵽һֱô˵档
ɢ˺澹Ȼ˵Ҫ翴ү
̫ƽ֣治Ǹոմة
ôҪȥңΪ褺㲻ȥأ
̫ƽҲԸ١
˭֪˼ͣþöûˡ
̫ƽ֣߹ȥһģﾹȻտҲ棡
̫ƽʶⲻļƲ
̫ƽ̫ƽǧ߹ȥʵͲˡ
һõǵɽ֮ƣ
̫ƽæץסʣǣȴһ֪
̫ƽֻûȥˡ
ŷҸϡ
ʯɢһƬƬˮӡҶɢİţսһ֩Ҷϡ
常ȻأűܱĻұΪѾˣûΪβǣ
ܱ˵˵̫ƽ̫ôǣʲôأ
̫ƽǿиɣԪȻ̫ʵҿ׻Ӻģʲô˵ˣ̫ƽǻû޹ȥ𣿲ô˵˵Ҫһģôܰ;أʵ
ǣûа;ϵ˼̫ƽҵĵˣⱲĿľǳ̫ƽΪԼѩޡҼŷңΪҲ׳ҵʵҿԼһ˾Ըɲ̫ƽŷҽҡˣӦøлһŷܱЦŷˣܹġҵֶӣ档
ȻǸĺӣˣŷһһʵ˵ڸةѧϰ
ǵġҵˣʲôԺ󣬻ŷҶָ̡Ƥ˵
ȻǸ˵ġҺϲŷͷ˵ϧˣ㸸ûиףҶӡǸӡɲˡ㣬ȽϺá
ŷǫˡǻôûлأ澡ŷװĻ˵ֱ˵ŷĻŭţͣ˵ԼĶŷ档
̾˵ʵȻиףɸƫ褺㣬ңҵǣûи׵ġŷĻԸΪף


560 

˵˵ŷЦ⺢ӻ飬ϣеԣˣسɴ
ܱЦĸǵ근С
ԭֲãСмơһѩ۷һĴݰסŷЦ
ôŷǴӦӦأε˵
ŷЦȻǴӦģֻǡϸһ£ҪϷӳǣ̫ˣ
ˣǣԵĲȴ̫ܶ࣬ƽǷߡǰԤҩѷá
ΪôСܺȵ̫ƽصѡ˿ڸкõҩĽƣȻ˺֧̫ܶƽȴġ
һһŮ˽
ŮӸһţͲͣĿԡ˶µĶ㵽һߡ
Ҫ˵ˣȰ̫ƽٵóһƵɴ
ɴӣϵϡ
м䣬һʵɴԵסͺͱӡ
ŮӲ֪ⶫãǺĴ
̫ƽŮӵߣŮӴһԵķ
ⷿŰӶǰݵζ
һţŮӾֿԲֹ
ǾſڵŰɡ
̫ƽŮӵļſڣֻŮӽ˷䡣
Ĳúܼ򵥣İһƵĴ齣ڴ齵棬һ͵̨
̫ƽƵģѬƷṹ
ȥɡ̫ƽָŴ齶Ů˵
ŮӺϣԹԵ׼ȥ
ǵð·ѵ̫ƽͻȻּһ䡣
ʲôҪѵ·ŮӲͣˡ
ΪѬЧһ㣬ѵ·̫ƽ¶һ΢ЦĵĽ͵
ʱѾ׼ҩī㸺Ӳջ
ŮԥƬ̣ջϵȥ
Ȼ񴲺Ǳ䣬ҩѾҲˡ
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۾˯һ̫ƽ˵̫ƽҪŮʩ̣صȡѨѨͷξѨ
һжеʱͻȻһƬӵ
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Уʱ򣬱˲ܽȥġſŵ˼Ȱ
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ȿȣȿȣڣŮԵ
Ǹ򿴲ŮӼĴ󺰵Ϊûд·ŮҲ´
ǽȥ߰ɣҲˡ̫ƽ࣬ƺ˿ûء
ν߲ҽ̫ƽͲȱ
ӣſŮӵļǶɵˡ
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ŮӵļϹŵͷ
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ƻڼ̫ƽҩм˽̣ЩȽⶾģΪҩЧ׻ӷҪ¡
ܿ죬ڵİζûˣĶǽζ
˰ɡ̫ƽݸŮһڵҩΪðҩĿɬζ˲ܡ
ŮӺˬ죬ӹһҩĩȵһɶ
ô̫ƽʵ
ţ֮󣬸оЩûôʹˡŮһϲ˵
š߲Ȭ֮ǰǲҪˡʲôģһ˸׼õġ̫ƽ˵
ô£ŮЩĵʵ
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ллˡŮӸмҪ̫ƽи
ȴ̫ƽסˡ
ͲҪˡ̫ƽָһԵ鷿˵кܶ顣һЩ黭壬ĵʱԿһ
ѵǲ𣿡ŮЩʧʵ
ôܣǻкܶҪġ˵ô˿ɶ̫ƽȥء
ðɣ֪ˡŮʧڴϡ
һϵеƣŮԾ˺ܶࡣ
ΪŮȷĵһ̫ƽҲСġ
ŮӳȥĻܾܿͻ˸Ⱦ
Ļͷǳ鷳ˡ
̫ⷿƽſ˺ܶʯҡ
ٺīѴ̨Ҳʯҡ
ΪľҪ׵ĸ
ôҼҺӺûУŮӵļڴʵ
ȻȥɣˣȻͻؼҵġ̫ƽ˵
Ůӵļٶһ䣬̫ƽѾת뿪ˡ
Ůֻ̫ƽӯıӰ


561 

һƥȻˣ¡
Ԫ
̫ƽæݹȥһ˵ϣߡ
Ԫ΢΢ӹ󣬺Ȼʹ̫ƽϣȻЦߡȻҪȸϡȽҪ
Һ˵ҩˮȽϿȾҴϡҲС̫ƽЦŰȥ
˭֪Ԫ̫ƽһ£촽̫ƽĶͷϣһ¡
ô˵棬̫ƽʱˣ˦˸СơԪСϣǡ
ʲôԪһЦһ̫ƽϡ
̫ƽסԪ˵ҧ㡭
ĲҪòã಻Ԫװתѿָ̫ƽϡ
治ãҶ˿ˣǻôأԪЦ
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ãԪ̫ƽתվ˵ϡ
̫ƽȻǷַ
Ԫʿ̫ƽַ
һæµţһȺ̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
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ϣ̫ƽȥˡ
紵̫ƽϺģ߹ϸճĺӡ
̫ƽãϷڴʱ˯ʱѣҲ֪ôˡԴ̫ͻ֮󡣾һֱżѹ˵ֵ࣬ȥ˯ˡϿ˵㸸׿ɼˡ
ĸףȥˣϷ˱ģȻˣô츴ԭأ̫ǼҪһžۣꡣԲŰϷ˷ŻˣʵõģǰϷͻȥ̫Ǳߵչ˻ȽϺá̫ﾹȻðɵչ˲Ϸ𣿡̫ƽҡЦ
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̫ƽЦôһ˵˭ͲԸ͸¶أĪǸѼ𣿡
˵棬̫ƽ˵еǸѾ˭Ϊʲô¡ڵأ֪˭ҲΪá
治˵˵ף褺ҲҲûʹȥ
ΪÿȥﶼϱҪʶ˵Ц
˵ȥһڱ˼ˣ˿ҲǴõģôڸ׺ͽǲҪұסȥأ
̫ƽ˵⾩ڱ˼һأѵܵƽڶڽˣύ𣿡
㡭ǳҿ̫ƽǲңҡ
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˵ҲǣﲻˣҲˡΣȥҽ㣬ܿ˰ɣҪȥ𣿡
ˡ
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ףҿܵ⼫˵Ը񶼺ĸء̫ƽ˵úý̵Ļ˶˭Ǹ
֪ˣ֪ˣôܻܵ𣿡ҡҡͷӣϷ岻ѣԺµ˶ûСôأ


562 Ī

æ֧ס½˵๫̫ƽˣ̫ƽҲ̫ˡֻ̫ƽ˵һˣϿȥûûСʵÿ仰˵Ķ
̫ƽæ˵ĸףղҵ̫ˡ
̫ƽҲֻܹúùܼˡڴ˵Ҳܲ
аףȽءҪһ쵽棬Ƿַҩģҽβ飬¾Ͳڸլˡ̫ƽ˵ҲżҾͿ԰æܼҡ
ԸԼҲ˵ˣܹܼҡ̾˿˵ҲȷǼ򵥵ϹҲҡ
ǸףܹܼҡǻôΪܼңʲˡ̫ƽЦ
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νŮʮ˱䣬ʿվ͵Ŀ࿴ⶼˣͳˣ˵ﻹẦأ֮ǰɽϴᣬɶ칤ͷӮöʱҲ˴ݲأټϣѾδӺͶҪ͸һߵȡ̫ƽЦ
˵ҲԣҶãպܼˣιأȷӦĥĥֻΪţҲҪͬͬ⡣Ц
õģҼȥ˵
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죬ڸ̫ƽֽ̹լԪˡ
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լҲһ£˵𣿡ܺȻЩˡȻˡ
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㣬ϣѾʫΪˡѻҲΡ񣬺ŷߵˣΪѻˡԪϬ
ʫ߻ˣûӵóģҲ⡣̫ƽһЦ۾̧˱
𣿡ԪЦ
̫ƽ̧۾˵˵ôҲϲ
Ԫ˵˵Ҫˡ
̫ƽ˹˵Цˡ
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ĿԴɡ̫ƽüëˣʾ֧ȻŲõġ
Ԫһ᲻ŲõģϲֻһþһǮ
ᣬŲˣضǵװסңˣҲ֪ǰ˷ˡ̫ƽ˱˵ˣһĸ˵
ԪЦŷҹӶǰɽȻˡ
ô˲ʧģһĳǳȫĵط̫ƽ˵
ԪͷҲΪ
̫ƽ˵Ң࣬ص֪һҪôǣ
ɲ˵Ȼϻû㴦ǣʱǰȫġԪȥǣ˻ϣӿϴǵľġ
ǸԺܺõˣϲˣϵڻûдǣ˵ѹͲ봦ǡֲҰǷųʱǲȥȣ㡣̫ƽ˵
ԪͷˡҲȹˣҪˡ
̫ƽūͳȥ
ô𣿡ԪЦ
һҸס
ʱ֣ʮ壬ʱ𼸴
Ԫӡп߽˶üͷ壬ҲΪС
̫Ԫң˵̫£ҡ
÷һܵܣ²˵ɣҺ£


563 

εЦҵ̫Ӳġþòˣġ
ңԾңôòһΣڶ˭˵ĻţԼĵܵܡ
ЦܵҲ뾭߶Ž̫ãýķˡ
˵ܵܣ컬ˣ϶Ҳô򵥡˵ɣʲô飿նԼĸͿõĺÿĵޢָף˹˵
ֻһɽѡŷײõĺˣѹ˵
ŷףܵܣʲôʱŷ׳ϵˣ֮ǰ㲻ǸǵĶ常ܱǺܺõ𣿿ϧܱãܱͱͨˣָŷ׺ãŷ׻ֻʲôأ
㣬ŷҲƴƴܱôܸأ㣬ʱѾŷΪ常ˡҲҸɽü۵Ц
̫ӸŷұϵͲһм˵
̫ӡʲôϵأ̫ӶԽֲã㶼֪ģΪ˸һУΪʲôΪԼأԼģԼġЦ㣬֪̫ӶãΪС
̾˿˵벻һ㶼ˣǡֻһ֮ʣô֪ŷҺأһȴ̵ܶô죿̫Ӳλã̫˻ʵۣô˵ҲиаѱŷҸץסˣҪöأ
׽˼ˡŷҺģ̵ãҰѽ˼תŷ׾ˣʵûһˣ㹻ĶȻ˼ҲῪʲô̵Ц
ߡյͷȥ̸ɣҿΪ̸ʲôĺ
㡣㻹𣿡̾˿˵Ϊġ
ջһɫ԰ףȻ⣿
ûʲôֻеˡȻжӯУֻסЦ
ˣܵܣ㲻µʱ˵顣
ߡǵĺøµ˶ӣͰһɶˡ߷߲ƽ
ġսȭͷԺҲˡ
һ죬һÿҵˣڵģҧгݵ˵
˵ȷһ̫ƽʱòˡ
ⲡҪӸӡ
Ϊ˸Ƹҩģ̫ƽҹ˺ü죬̫ƣˣʹ
ҪȥϢһ°ɣٹĵصϲˮ
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̫ƽԽԽòЩ֢״߲
һϸҼ̫֮ƽȷԼҲȾˡ
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ҩλöƫƧһЩɽͱ档
ΪܶѾȥˣʣЩҩǳڷǳΣյĵط
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Ԫ첽˹ȥ̽ͷһһϲ
ɽһĵطȻһѼĲҩ
Ԫûԥ˿˽š
ͻأʯԪ
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ɵɵԪĽ·һ졣ʯɶɰԪȿˣ
ˤȥһ̡ԪȻ֣ݵؽҩץ
֪˶ãԪѹˡѾһƬ
ϵ·ɳʯĥƵĲӣֱҲһƬ
ǣǰѲҩ
ǿʹԪҩ͵̫ƽķ
̫ƽɰԼ﷿˯š
ҩ֮Ԫ뿪ˡ
Ԫ̫ˣͣҪȥɽϲһҩġ
ͣ½Ų󣬾Ҫ
̫ƽϣԼԼѬƣڣǰݵζ
Ȼû㹻ĲҩЩҩƴ̫֮ƽɹƳ¿߲ҩ衣
νڴ棬аɸɡ
̫ƽûΣȹ̱ôҶƤȡ
ȻûнôЧ̺Ͱĵ£̫ƽ壬Ҳûôˡ
ʱʼԪİȫ


564 ɽ

Ȼ̫ƽǰŵһݡ
룬Ҷ⻬ϸ
˵һԪġ
ô˵Ԫһǣˡ
̫ƽ˷ܵܵԺţ磬ɣҪ׽ԲصϷˣ֪һһڸɣҪЦˣ֪һ޵ģ
ǣ޻ֻ紵
̫ƽĲûáһվҲվסˡæܹס̫ƽ
ö˶˵ôվڷڼϣݰɡ
̫ƽݣסͷ˵ոǲ
ûءҲ֪̫µƢˣҲū澴кٰһҩϡ
ЩҲȥˡǵãҪŵ㹳עҩҲ̫ãҪ¡ݲҪϴֱȥͿˡ̫ƽԸ
ǡūȥˡ˵ֹ
⣬кܶ
̫ƽԵǲ˺ܶಡˣ
ǵģЩƺҪҽΣū澸˵˹ѾǻҪˡΪѵ˵
ʵīҲǻβġ̫ƽ˵
Ѿŷֵöˣǣʵǲ̫࣬ūֲҽٵ۾ʪˡ
ʵҲѵģһڰɣ̫ƽٵİ£ֱͦ˵
ǵģˡˡ
дһЩҩӣһ𿴿ҽҲǾͿ԰ſˣ̫࣬רŵңʵǿġ̫ƽж
õģ㲻ҪˣʵԼҪԼˡʲô˿أҶҪһǺٸ̫ƽ˵
á̫ƽ
ɽ봦紺ķ绹ͣԪողɵҩ͵˵ϣʵѾƣˡ
þһȥҩժ
ǣѾûٸԼҩˡ
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󣬸һӡ
ܶԪȻԪӴЦ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
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˵ŷײǺҪԪͷ˵ǰԪͷ᲻Ӹǣ
ŷˣϼ޻ϴΪʧܣȻϹٱҪץǡ˵ֵǵҲŷ״йϵΣܰԪ͹ȥŷ׵óѣɴŮЦ
ôԪһòɣ
ΪˣǺôܹôʹأɴŮЦߵҩݣӦþĽҩˡ
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ɴŮӰԪԪ˹
ûãҩ£Ԫĺ
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ȥɴŮЦ
ʲôҪǵϳѹ֪סǻܲصȥأ̲Ըˡ
ģûô׺Ҫúĥйͷ֮ޡɴŮЦ
ǡ
ҪˣɴŮӶԴ̣ǿơ
û취ֻñԪסɽ
һﻹصذԪڵϡ
ɽ󣬿ȴӦоУӦЩɽ֮ǰõһСֿһġΪԺȾȫͱ춼С
ȴûԪ˯ڴϡ
ɴŮһ˵̲°Ԫ˴ϡ
ʱݺ̫ƽ壬ҲɫҲʼ
ѾܾûԪˣ͸֮ȥ̫ƽ̾˿˵ԭҪȥɽѰġﻹвҪңȥɽһòã


565 

ͷ˵Ҳ̫ܵ¡Ϊ̫֮ǰίһҪúñܹ£ǰȥѰˡ
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ãȻܹûˣˡ˵پͰ˳ȥ
Ȼ̫ƽ˿֡˿
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Ȼָ˲ࡣɸȾѾֻͲˡ
̫ƽڿ԰νѾ޸ԼȻضˡ
ڴضŵš
̫ƽãⳡߣô°Ϊ˿Ʋ飬Ȼ˵Ҫɱòˡż˵̫ƽ˵ֲȾԺǿҪСĲǣôܳȥͲ˴һأԺͲҪ˰ɣ
̫ƽֻúһʹ˵ộǶòˣѾʹˣϾȻҪɱǣ£
̫ƽɺԣʮԴҲǲɱģˡ
̫ƽ˵ô£Ů빬ͻ˵ȥ
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̾˿˵ǲ鲻ģ˰ɣ㲻˹ܼԼˣһ˵Ҫͬߵһͣˡ˵һôһˣͲҪôƽ˰ɣ͵ӣ͸ˡ
ףһ¡Ī֧һ££ôԺϲһ̸أ˵ˣܲ࣬磬Ǳ˶ŲˣϵͻҡڹһϾս̫ƽɫ
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ðɣҰܽй˵ô̾˿˵Ҳ㽨˵ܼҡȻܣҪܣⲻţ𣿡
£ûгͻ̫ƽԭ⣬˿õģĸס
˵ˣȻϷֱͻص̫ߡڶˣϷ̫ƽһҪö̫ƽȻԼĳŵ
ȻΪȰϷͻػʹʹ̫ƽֶ෬ϾǺϣϷڸϣܺþТĵġ
ǣҲ֪̫ƽĳǺõģϷڶϣֻԽ˥ͻȥ̫չˡ
ǣ̫ƽﻹǶв
ܹˣ̫ƽĿϬ˵ܣ˱ʧ֧ҸҲ˵˰ɣ㻹ûĽأ
ܵ۾ʪˣ̫ƽΪʲôץ֧أĪ̫ƽǲң
Ųûйϵϵÿһ֧ˣԺŪΪܼңҲӦӦ򡣡ܵᣬ˿ûд̫ƽ
ϾҲ֮ǰģ̫ƽ㱣֤ԺȻЩ𣿡ܼڰˡ
Ȼԣ֮ǰҲŪףҪȻ˻˵֮ǰͿŪʲôʸأãϣףҪµˣ֧ݵĻϴ˷ʥ޹ϴԺ󣬲ҪٷˣǶԭ㡣Ըϴ뾡ԲĴôǵ¶޴棬󡣺Էأ̫ƽ˵£Բԭ£
ԭ£Ҫԭ£Ҵˡûʸԭ£ܺȻһ˵
ˣ̫ƽܶ˵ˡԭˣҪٿˣһ֪֪˾Ϳˡ
ԭõǿơ
ǡŮ˵ĿƶŮûãȻѾжϡﻩ
ǣ̫ƽ޶ԡ
Į˼µ˵֧ܲܰ˵ҾҪ常йһһ£֧˭Ųõˡ
ܴһŵؿ̫ƽ
˵̫ƽԴˣô˲أ
ڹǲԽģҪȻϾͻһңȻĸ֮ǰѶңҾҪúùԲκ˻ٻ˹ء̫ƽɫ


566 ɱ

Ȼò֪ˣаɡ̫ƽ˵꣬ͳȥ
ܼˣæס̫ƽ̫ƽ㣬Ҫȥҵ
ã£ѵҪ𣿡̫ƽͷ
Ҫȥǣ˵˵𣿡ڻˣҵ֪ҰǮ棬һҺʧġ
ʲô㾹ȻӸ棿ȥʲôأ̫ƽ
ҲúΡԭΪģû뵽ܵͷǰӸĶӡ
Ҳõ֬ƭ˵ҪӡʵҪ֬ԼûôӣҾͰаѹ֧ȡ˽Ϊʱĸոճ£ûйܼңһŻң֧ȡҲͷܶࡣû뵽沢ûи֬ҲҪܺ¶ܿ޿˵
ӣǲ񻰡ؼҡҺúһЦ
̫ƽ˵Ȼǹܼңô½ܡ
ңôܸԭءΪš
ȻǹܼңӦ취̫ƽЦؾ֮·
ܵͷ
̫ƽ˵ף˵Բԣ
ô˵ֻûظ˵ǵģԣ˵Ķԡ
̫ƽȻȥ˻ʹ
Ȼʹô䱸ɭϵĵط̫ƽȥȥ̫ƽԼ̫ȥģϾϷ̫ߣΪŮ̫ƽҪһҲɵġ
һƬտûˮƽﳣѼӶûһֻ¶ˮʪ͸˲ݵأ¹һƵġ
̫ƽںڵͷϲһ֧ӣԵúĿǳɫĶֻ̰һ
̫һ̫ƽͻϲýս̫ƽ֣˵ңҺܸˡҵ㳣
̫ƽȴͨһ£˵ϣ̫ΪɣЩߵİձѾǺܿˣǻϾȻΪˡΪԼȾȻҪɱЩաԻжϸȾԴ
ʲôʲôʱľģʵ̫ƣ̫ˣ̫ŭ̫ƽҪȥʻϡ
̫ƽգգ۾ëϵ飬Ө͸ͬôŮոл̫
Ͱһȥ̫ˡ
һƬ˪ֱ̫ˣǷžӨ⡣
̫ƽԶԶأͿʫһѩɫ·⣬һƬž黨ѪѪġͷһ٣ʱ˵Ŀʽ
벻ʫѾɳڻϵ޹ˡ
̫ƽﰵáϿǻӹʫսթһӹһգһǡ赺ϡ
ֻǶڽɽ𢣬գǳѰΪˣôѪ飬ļơ
ˣʫưأ߸߰ͷ벻ɣǻ档ȻְΣ㻹Ǵ򲻵ҵġ
ǣô޳ܣһ˵ˣϿԻˡôñ¡Щͷƶġ̫ƽЦ
ʫǿͷŭЦ̫ƽôñ£Եõ̫µĳģҵˣ֮ǰ̫ﻹһʱϲˣÿƷζذ
ֽ۹Ϭʶˣ㣬Ǳ̫ƽЦڻϣҲԸʫѹһͷ
㡭ʫѱӶˡ
Ȼ᲻ÿģʱϾͻ᲻Ҫˡ̫ƽ΢΢һЦˡ
ˡ
̫ȼģĸѾ
ҲΪ°룡ĸΪβһ룬Щ˻ţһȾһʱȫµİնܵӰ죬⼰Ƕɱ˶ˡ߻ôڣϴԲѵ˵
ϣ˵⻰ðҺġߵģһǵˣʮǵˣǲǾҪʮǵ˶ɱأ̫ŭϰߵ£ʧȥĲֻǼաİ
ĸޱιģιһ͢ϣ㲻Ҫ޵ˡ
Ȼ̫ƽ߹˵ϣһҪɱգôֻ߸ɢȥ
ΪʲôЦ΢΢תްѵߵİտɱ֮һѻˣٴҲᱻվȥأ
ΪѾ߱ˣһʮʮ٣Ƕ֪ˣз紵ݶЩߵĲ˾ͻӳ⡣ɢڴ䣬ʱѵѴеİնɱôʱ˭Ϊϴأ̫ƽɫ


567 Ӱ

㡭㾹ϴŭʧˣĻҪһôδ̫Υ޵ּ⣿
ϣֻΪ˴룬ҲΪȶĻλ̫ƽ˵
ǺôĵӣҶײޣϴŭˣץס
̫Ϻȵϣô̫ƽҲΪ˴롣㲻̫ܶƽ
˵ӡ£޲ܶˣ
̫˵ߣ̫ҽǲȥֻ̫ƽ֯Ѿ̫ƽ߻ԽԽ࣬ʱֻ£϶⣡
Ͼǣ÷ȥ
̫Ц̫ƽлл㡣ʱֹⳡɱ
̫Ӧлл㣬㲻ĸ°ա
ʱԪڸأ
ɴŮѪɴõӣԪչˣԼȥ˴ϡ
ϣһҹû˯Ұè͵͵ҹĵĽŲߵڡ
ɴŮھ巼ի̫ƽϲԵӰ
Ӱ
״һװ۵ġ
ԪһܰԡɴŮӺȻЦݲѰӷŵת뿪
ֻǣ룬̫ƽҲӭ
ɴŮæͷ߹
ĺɣŮ˷ǳɡ̫ƽӣԾɴŮӵıӰ˵
̫ƽǹߵĲ˼βģԣûʱͣԣö书ĺɸȥ
Ϊ̫ƽŮˣϤңô˶ˣȻˣƽô
ǣŮȴɴŻڴҡС
⿴Щ֡
̫ƽ߽ȥƣãĺɹ˵ǸŮ书ǿ磬ūһʱû׷ϡū֪巼իһӰ
ŮӲԶǧĹΪӰ̫ˡ̫ƽͷ֪ĸߵģ
ſڵķ򡣡ĺ˵
Ҳ˵뿪˾ǣ̫ƽһѵǾǣʧѾõɽ
ҪҪɳٱ׷顣ĺʡ
ˡ̫ƽ˵ʵκЩգҲҪȥˡԪûлĻ
ҹˮ͸纮
ɽ¯̿ͨ죬ůůľ̨ߡ
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ΪˣȻ˱ߴȾȥͷӰ̷ǳʵ˵ǲϲԪҪȻһ˲мһ˵㣬ôΪһˣȥӰأ
ӰôˣҲѽ˭˵ҾǸģɴŮ˵㲻⣬뿪ҡû
α˵ЩĻأ֪ǲ뿪ģܷʲôΣգҶ뿪㡣ʹ˵ãɣʵֻҪ˾ͿԣҪǣԪѹǵĵˣ㲻𣿡
ʲôµģԪھǸèӡɴŮȴǲΪȻ˵û֮ǰôˣҪˡ
Ȼ⻰䣬Ԫ۾գգˡ
ˣɴŮӸ˼ˣæסԪ˵㲡˺üˣˣҾ㡣
ԪƿɴŮӣû´ĻϴȺɽܶ
ɴŮЦô㶼赹ɽˣҾ㣬Ϊ˵𣿡
ԪͷáҳңҪô𣿡
˵ʲôô𣿵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ɱˣһҪҡֻڻûҪ𡣲㲻ԲҵġɴŮӽһЦȻɴ˫۾ת͸ͽġ
ЩԪˡ
ԪҪǣȴȫɴŮ˵ĲûȫáڲҪ
ãֻҪɽȻͻ˸ҵԪȴִҪ
˵ǲ̫ƽɴŮЦ
˵û̫ƽҵδޣֻҪԪ˵
Уûҵͬ⣬㲻ߣҪҾȵġɴŮһƣԪ˴ϡ
ԪѪɫ԰ס
ɴŮӼˣһҩӣԪ
ͬһӿԪԪһú˺ܶࡣ
ڿֱɴŮȴ˵֪˰ɣ벻ҡ
Ԫ˵㾿ô
ҲΣգӾӰ


568 ȸ

ɴŮЦٻ⣬˵΢΢һ죬ͷˡ
߹˵ԪĹʺˣܶȻΪ㣬ʼˡ
Ԫ˵ǾҵҺܸлǣҪǵǣңΪʲôĿģҪסҡȰǳ粻Ҫ
˵ǲʶİܶôã㾹Ȼô
ɴŮ˵ԣӰ㾿Բԣ
ԪСɵ״һⲻ̫ƽϲԵ
Ǵ巼իġɴŮЦ֪δ巼իĶ
ԭ֪Ԫһ
ҵȻ֪һУΪô𣿵ȻҪ֪֪ˡɴŮڿȭͷ˵һУȷһʧ
ԪЦ⡣ͻ˵ԴġȻᷲ´
ЦˡɴŮӸ˼ˡ
̳ԴˣЦˣôʲô
ҪܡɴŮ˵ˣߣҪӰ
ҲܴȻΪɻǸ˳ȥ
ԪӰ룬ô뿪
ʱ߹صϢ˾
Ӻ˵ʣαݶ֣ȸҪڵǿ£سǣ˵оĻôһƣ롣
˵سǵĽôģȸʲôʸҹȻسǣ
Ǳоġȸڴѡٵ£سǵģһȡʤӺ˵˵ʣȸһ˴󹦰ǸöõĽšңȫѾǴˡ
ôٴĹҲϴѲͨѹ𡣡ȴŭ壬һҲûҪŹȸ˼
ǸʣԿɼȸûͨѹˣҪȻݶǰˣΪʲô뿪أΪʲôҪȥݶأӺȻ˵ȸûͨѹǵְġ
ѵҲȸ𣿡ˡ
Ӻ˵˼ȸûͨѹԽֹˣ븸졣
СϻǲӦ޾ԭȸ񲻾֤֮ǰдԩ
ʣֻ֪һ仰֪ܸģĪɡӺ̾˿˵߹ظ漱ܹȸ󽫾ͳٱĻôܹѡɳһλҲӦ˵飬˵ˣ󳼣һԸϱ߹ɱأ
üͷһ壬߹ô漱أȸѾѵ˴˵ģ
Щ˶ǻ֮ʦһγԿˣǾͲڲίȸΪȸԷڣʱ򣬱߹صؾͻһɢɳʣס߹صĳǳأ븸Ϊ˹𢣬ܹǰӡӺҲϸȥйѡǣ߹ʧأеĳǳض뱱ݶ˵Уʱ򣬸ʾ㶼ǶԵģֻʲôôأ
ΪˣȷӺ˵ûĸսˣ
ôҪίȸΪ󽫾͵еİն֪޵ԩȸҲһ취ܹȸ뵽ֿݶУָֻܹǲ֪ԸԸ⡣ϺȻյЦ
ʣʲôҪģֻԡӺ֣ص
ίΪ󶼶ȥ߹Ӫأʱȸȥãֻ㲻áֻܰãԸȥ𣿡
û뵽ϴľ⣬ӺסˣȻϵ
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ôڿ˵ΪһУѵֻ˵ĵҪõʱȴȴˣŭ
ʣȴֻǶδޣѶ¸£Ǵȥ߹ء֪ʱܻ¹ġӺ̾˿˵
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ʣ˼Ӻˡ
㲻ý͡ѾԸ⡣޾Ϳպȸʵ޸ȸһĻѽֻ֪֪Ҫȸһ˹ʱΪһѵӦ𣿡յЦ
Ӻסˡ
⣬ȷȸܹһᡣ
ȸһֱԴĹȸ¡ȸǶȻģǣӢһһǶȸʧԽɽҲʧ
ҲӺΪȸΨһһˡ


569 ĥ

ǣӺҲܲ뵽ܵġ
δޣӺ˵ⱲӣṼ
ǣӺ뵽һеİ취ʣӦԶ߹أǶܹܡΨһľǣճףϣϳȫ
ϵͷްɣ޵ĶӡĻ޵Ȼϣ֣󡣡
á
ǣӺȥ˶ᵽ¡
ʲôôҪף㲻֪ҲŶ𣿲㶼ҪˣҲ֪ܻܲȴҳףһزҲͳɹѸˣֹţΪ档
Ӻû뵽ܻ˵ⷬ
ӺУͬŮһ󷽡ⷬ˵Ҳδ̫Щǲ˵ܣôô롣ѵ֮ǰ𣿡
ǡֻ˵ʵѣҲ˵زֻǾãڲǶȻǰʱǻôΪûҪҪ޸ءε˵ʲôˣ㻹õŲ𣿡
ģ֪ǵңһģ֪ίˣǵҿ飬ضᷢ£Ǹѵϣһûйķ𣿡Ӻַܵļϣĵ˵
˵̵ʱӺ۾ͷĹʣˣʵӺһ£ҲһֻһĻҡ
ǣǰףһʧôأ̾˿˵ʵΪʲôһҪȥأúõĴŶá
Ҫҡһƽʱ븸ʷΪһھˡӺЦ
ЦãҴӦˡ
ʱӺѾȥԪ
ԪŮԪ˵ǿ϶ġ
ǶүȻҪү֪һ
̫ƽմѾѾϲ¸̫ƽ̫ƽ˵٣ѡһ͸ܣΪϲĺɡȥϡ
̫ƽĺһ·ţţȻȹսǴӺ
̫ƽĺæ
Ӻ̫ƽ鸴ӡ
ڰܣ̫ƽǻĳȡ
ܹ֪ΪʲôҪǰ𣿡Ӻʵ
̫ƽӺһɫĶ̰°ڴһȦɫİߣڴɫĺ
̫ƽ˵Ӻ⣬ǲϣõȥɡ
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ʲô̫ƽ۾ֳ˾ϲ
ϸòƭ˵İɣҪȸĻ˵ǰдȸͨѹ̫ƽݻϵԸǲܵġ
ģҪұʱ߹ء߳жôܲͬأӺЦΪܰģԣҾͰѻǰˡ
ӺǸεĺжÿˡֻǣѵ˵ֻҪȥ˱߹أͿȸս𣿡̫ƽǾò˼顣
ǵģ˵ȥ˱߹أǴ󶼶ȨȸʵȸѾʾӮһˡӺ̾˿˵ݶ̫ˣԭı߹سǽɱˡѡȸ˱ݶˡȻʤʹ˾ǻ϶
̫ƽ˵Ȼ󣬻Ҳȸԣȸǣϰӣֻӡʵȸˡ𣿡
ӺЦܹȻѩȷ
̫ƽҡҡͷҾãϿȸϸȸѻ¡
Ӻ˵ͷǣǽȸΨһϣˡұҪһԡ
ǵġȸԸ߰ͶġֻлϸȸȸŻϣ̫ƽЦӺֻǣȥ߹أʤ߹ضǿຮ֮أ󣬳Ե𣿡
ܹȻǻңҲھӪƽϲֻǹȥϲԸѴҰˡ˻ᣬȴӺ²
ǣȥսĪ⣬ǰ·ããůѺ˻˵ˣ»ˣܼį𣿡
Ӻ̾˿˵ҺܵĥѣֻҪͦȥˣҾ͹ܾͣͻھˣȸҲԷųõĽ֡
̫ƽܵģݶˣ״ܡ
Ӻŵ˵Ѿͬˡ


570 

̫ƽ˿˵Ȼˣôףɹ
лܹֻǣҪȥӺ̾˿˵̫ƽӺӺĪϲġ
Ҫȥϣһˡ̫ƽ˵ĿϬ
ܹΪ˸βࡣʵ˾塣Ӻ̲ס˵
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̫ƽˣӺ̫ƽȵıӰĳ
£֪ˣһڷ˳̫ƽ㲻˵ϲӺ𣿸ˣվôã
Ѿľ˵С㣬ҲӺ˷ޣأ
仰ܸˣޣ˭˵Ů֮ѵģ̫ƽʵǣ̫ˣ
ʱľͳһţС㣬Ѿ˷뺯
һɫ·ϣһȦʮƣ´ŵɫİȹһѾһȥͻ
˵ٴξܾˣǵڼξܾˣ
ˡľЦѵԣǻǱˣֻ£ˡǣѾһһС㡣
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ľ̾˿˵֮ǰȥҪˣ˵Ϸȥ̫ˣûϷͬ⣬Ͱѷ۸С
ˣ֮ǰôѷɵķ۸̫ƽȻġΪûô̫ƽͿãҾͲУ
ľ˵Ҫū˵Щū澣ѹֻ̫ƽϹΪС㡣
˵Ķԣˡ
ľ㣬Ѿ͹ܵѾߣһͷ㷢ϲӣһڲϡ
Ҳ˵ԼûôѾߡȥѾѾʹӦˡ
ǣѾ߸ܡ
ľ㣬һ
ĸѾ߶ѾѾˣľΪر飬ܺϲ
ѾϲͰľ͸ܣˣԣľѾʵܵūˡ
ȴ˵ֻԼ
̫ƽѾ˳ϣ÷ݯ
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÷ζδɢʵĻѾѿϣƼѾסһƬ
ϰһ̣ѾƤƻѩ档
ӾȻּҵıͼǾʲô֪̫ƽżɽʡ
÷ݯҡҡͷԲ̫ƽĴδ˵
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÷ݯϲˡģǾ̫ˡ
̫ƽ˵Ҫˡ
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ȥ⡣ɽ·᫣Ҳ֪ʲôʱ̫ƽ̾ҺܻȥɳԲ֪ʲôʱһΡ
ʱ÷ݯ۾ʪˡ
ɳԲ÷ݯŮϲԵΪʲô̫ƽ֪أ
ѵ̫ƽڰʾʵ̫ƽͬˡ̫ƽôأ
ǣ̫ƽΪʲôأǵľֹͶ㡢ϰԶһģһģڶ÷ݯҲһĺá
ã֪㰮ɳԲÿնʱԣȻÿϣ֪ʱѾˣھȥ˹㡣÷ݯ˵ֹ꣬ס¡
ԺһţƮŨŨĶɳζ
÷ݯһ˫٣ͷϲһ֧ţᣬɫȹһ˫ɫƤѥ
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ڳɳԲ߳ԱЦ߳Ա߿ޡ
ӳϳ̫ƽȥҽݡ
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ҺӸոմǽͷˤ㿴ֶˡͯĸ׿˵
̫ƽһȻ⺢ͯѾϳڣȥЩֲ
Ѻӱɡ˵̫ƽϿ֣㿪ʼ׼


571 

ͯĸĸ˵ͷ仰Ҳ˵
ȥѶ׼̫ƽٺī˵
ÿһīɴ͵߹ˣҩ䣬װҩ
ˣһ°ɡ˵ţ̫ƽīĻϡ
һ̫ƽò⺢ͯҩ
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ͯɹ̫֮ƽҾƺͻߡȻ󻺻п˺ֱͯۡ
ʱѪٺī㶼ûнţѾǵһˡ
İŲȥѪīʱ̹۲źͯ
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˿·Ϻ̫֮ƽһʱʯѺֱͯ۸
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лܹǻ٢˾Ǻͯĸĸ˵
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̫ƽҡҡͷһ𣬼չ˰աٺĺ˺һȥˡ˵ˣǹȥԪԪ书ǿαҪȥôˣ
īǵݹȥ޹ǹϣȥҲ֪һȥҪá·ϣûţһ᲻Ӧġ
̫ƽӹּǵôϡȻǿסˣɻǻᴫȾҪСġҿɲϣһģȴǲ㡣
лū澻֪ϲԺ춹ūٸһ㣬·ǳԸ춹ǿԶӵζī˵
̫ͻˣ˭Ȣ㡣ضҪֿ˻̫ƽЦ
ҹȻ͸ź䣬¶ˮʪ͸ܣϵ˯ˡ
ī㻹춹
Ϊ춹Ӳ춹֮ȣҪѺ춹ȽһҹȻ󽫺춹á
ٰѺ춹۽һ𣬰ɫ۶ʱغɫɢŵ춹ζ
᣹£Ƭһ滹һƬɫ÷
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Ԫ͸̫ƽĶ
Ԫ˼ôС
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ǺԪڶ֡
ǵ̫ƽԪܹȥʱԪȴɢˡ
̫ƽˣȻѹˡ
ѵͬһ㣬ɲʧҵǿգѵ꼻һҵֻһַҷ𣿡̫ƽʹ
Ҷֻ̫ƽǿڸЩҽΣ˭ܿҹ˾ʱΪ˼̫Կ
ҲһŮӡҲ뱼İ˵Ļ
ǣԪδȴȥѰԪС
춹ˣһɡī㶥Ȧ߹Цӯӯ˵
̫ƽסī˵ī㡣һҹȥ˯ɡգԺ²æµˡ
˵ʲôأΪֵū澵ĸֻǿϧ춹Ϊʱ̫ȡ춹ˡҲ֪·ϳԣīε˵
Ѿˣĺˮֻ´϶̫ˣҪףװ·ģߵĻɽ·ĪҪұô𣿡̫ƽЦ
ū澲ңϲͺá
ˣȥЪŰɣٹҪϴϾˣڸвҪ๣ĸֱ˵ȥȥˣҪ˵ȥѰ̫£Ͼ̫Ҳ֪ȥˣԼûие˽Ҳ̫ƽЦ
ǣūǣˡīӦ
Ժһҹ֮䣬֦ͷ԰
һƬɫҶڷҡҷշɹɢ
µһˡ
̫ƽĬĬ˵ԪںδںδҹѰˡ
ʱɽС
Ԫöˣ
ɴŮӶŷ˽ȳ԰ɣΪġ


572 ҿɴ

ɴŮӽһͷϲһƲҡؿһ׹Ȼǿ˿Ůζ˺ܶࡣ
Ԫͷˡ
ɽﵹȷһӦȫ
һӰڶǽǣĸɫȵһ߸ߵţһɫĻ衣
ɴŮӰѶϡ΢΢һЦﻹôѵ⼸챾ҹͣչ㣬ܹжܹԱվ𣿡
ԪЦ㻹̫Сףʲôվ顣
ɴŮЦ̫ƽôã֪֪ҳμʱ򡣾Ѿϲˡ
лĴҲ˵ҵδޡҪΪʲô¡ֻҪõһرģǣֻа鲻ԡԪɫ
ɴŮӣߣ̫ƽãֲ̫ƽ㼱ʲôأֲںĶ
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ɴŮӼԪʼԹԳԷˣΪԪȥˣ˳ȥ
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Ľ˼žϣľӵĹԵ졣
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㲻Ҷ֣ƫҪ㶯֡˵꣬һ˹ȥ
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ԪҶ裡
ֻƬҶԪĴ֮仺ƶ˲䣬־ͱ˳
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ŮкܵɴŮҲ˲䱻
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¶ΪͿôˡԪЦ
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573 

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575 ͵

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ĸ߶鿴
ûþˡ
ǰ治ԶһȺǿ˵
ʲôֵطȻȺĺһ
̫ƽ˵Ⱥ»ǶɽȥɣͳԵĶƵɽǰѵĴһ㡣
˵ȷǸð취Ҫ棬ΪһȺߣԽԽ̣ɽߣʱǳˡûбûбҧ̻Ǻء
һ棬̫ΣˣǲҪˣһɽɡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
֪ȺԶһҰޡ˵ʲôȺͻһֱЩ𣬲һʱͻʧûˣȺͻɽץˡʱǻʲôֿȺأ
̫ƽǳҪʲôأһ̫Σˡ
书ĺˡ˵ˣ̫ʱңҪҺúñǸͣڽ˵ŵҪġֵȺԽԽѾûʱ̫ˣȰŶȥɡ
̫ƽ̾˿ֻôӦˡ
ɽ̫ƽĺһ𡣿Ƶɽſڡ
졣
ԽԽӳյð춼ˡ
ڴϣȺ߽
Ⱥǲҽӽ
ֻԶԶſȽԶĵط
ǵıѾᵽɽ˵ζ
ǲԽǰ
óȺ乭
ȻֻҪù񶯵̼ȺȺͻ֪Σգͻ뿪
ȺȷⲻĹ֮Ҳ֪ΣվǰǣҲĶˣǲû˺
ΡֻĶȺһ
һ䵽ȺеĿյϡ
ǡ
ϾȺŽᡣκһֻˣˣἤŭȺŽһ¶⡣
ЩȺҪԸһ˻ĶԸء
ǿԸˣҲɱһǧ˰ٵĲؽ
Ըðա
Ⱥǿ˼ʸȻܾˡ
񶯹ҡ
ǹ񶯵Ⱥڿʼˣ׷׵ͷ롣
֪Ʋ߽С֮񡱡
ȺʵһǳľΪһпܣǾͻˡ
ȺɱˣȻǺˡˣ˵ĲԶֻǣɽȴԶ˺ܶࡣ
֪Ⱥڴ⣬ΧΣж
ǣҡԶӽ
ȺȫʼˣתܣءȺûͣˣԼһ֮󣬾ͿȺӰˡ
һ
Ҳûϳˡһʱ
ΪȺ
ǣ׺ڵĶ
һͷ֪Լϵƭʱǵıľͻǿ
о仰˵ͷǱǱ
ʱɽĺɴ˯
̫ƽ˵ĺɣ˯˯ɣѾȺ뿪ĽŲȺѾ㶨ˡ
ȴ˵Ƕ˯ɣҲ˯һԸ㶨ģֻȷʵ˯ŵġ
Ȼˣ㵣ô˯أ̫ƽ̾˿˵Ҳ˯
ʱڲԶɽԪҲǺ
ŷѩݶ˵Ⱥĵط˵ˣֻ˭ҪȺն


577 

ԪһҪȥ
ȥŷѩݶסˣǲΪ̫ƽˣ쿪Ⱥĵطֻ˵ˡֲ˵˾̫ƽ̫ƽһŮӣôΪ㲻Σյɽأҹô̫ƽɽôҲȥˣһ̫ɽ֮ǰȥġˣԲ̫ƽ
˭Ҳǲ²⡣ҳȥҲΪ˭ҵȻϣ̫ƽǣȻΣգôܼأ·ƽһεֺοôڵҹȺԪЦҲĺúѵ᲻𣿡
˵ҿɲЩֻܶġ
ŷѩݶ˵ԪҪˣ㲻Ҫȥȥ
ԪЦŮӡǣ
ҲһŮӣҵȻǡŷѩݶ˵Ҫߡ
һ첻ˣȥɡԪסˡ
ô˵ȥȥˣ˿϶̫ƽŷѩݶЦ
ԪЦô룬գ㲻ҳȥҲҪȥ
̰γҡ
Ԫȥһ̹ȥԪȥ
𣿡ŷѩݶһ߿̣ԪΪ˳ȥҪˣ𣿡
˵öԡΪ˳ȥҪˡǷˡԪЦԣҪͼҡ
̾˿˵ݶ㿴Ұô࣬Ȼ˲㣬һ㶼Ļǰװˡ
ǾңȻ֪һᱨǣһҪȥԪ˵꣬˽˳ȥ
ΪԪԤСһ̫ƽ
ԪɽѾܾˣûǵĽɽϡ٣˹ôˣ·ҲԪһ̫ƽƴԪ
Ԫôܲȥ̫ƽأҲƴȥ
ߣһȥġŷѩݶ˵
ݶֵĲϡ̷߷߲ƽ˵֪Ǹ̫ƽ
ôô϶Ǹ̫ƽأŷѩݶһɴժϣӴԺҲٴɴҲãΪѾ˿ҵˡ
˵ΪڰʱҾͿмס˲ԶɽǺķӦþǰ쿴ˡ
ˣ˵ɽˣŷѩݶһҡϵǣ
ֻϵһ̫ƽ˵Ǽ̫ƽģһ̫ƽҾܿ϶
ô˵̫ƽɽˣסǺܽɽ棿ŷѩݶУԲԪ̫ƽ档
˵ǣԪѾȥˣ㻹ô죿
ҹȥ
Ȼҹ¹ҫ£ž黨ɽͷ񵤺Ϳһ㡣
ӵðϣɢſݰܵҶ
ԪվԶǺнԶ֪Ⱥ֪Ϊʲôԭˡ
ԪҲ֪𸽽иɽɽһסˡ
Ԫƹȥɽ￴˵İ̫ƽ
ǣԪҲ֪ŷѩݶڸԪ
ǽƽΣգԪɽˣɽˣп̫ƽ
ŷѩݶ̫ƽһ¶ֵġ
ԪԼƻûкȫ²ŷѩݶĶ֡
Ԫڣ̫ƽΪԼˣͲѻˮˡ
Ѿ֪ȺˣҲͷˡ
ͷߵһ˵Ҫˣ֪ȺѾˣ˵ҲˡǿԻȥˡ
ŷѩݶ˳
Цôѵ㲻ȥ̫ƽ𣿡
̫ƽûԪɫ
̿ˣɽ˾̫ƽŷѩݶЦ
ԪһˣΪȺˣɼѾûˡ
ȥô֪ûأŷѩݶ۾ҫɱ
ȻǸ˿԰ȺˡǽȥͲ𣿱ϾȺˡԪˣǼװ򶨡
⻰ŷѩݶȥˡ
ȷ̫ƽƶˣȻѾɽУضз
ŷѩݶ̾óȻɽ̫ƽĹơúõĻǿɾͲˡ
˵ˣ̫ƽȻɽĿľΪԪԪûҵǾͲɽԣŷѩݶеʱԸ̫ƽڲȥ̫ƽ綼ץס̫ƽġ
ǣŷѩݶ΢΢һЦȥȻԣи


578 

֪ŷѩݶû٣ûҪЮ
Ԫ̾˿˵˵
ҪӦһ¡ŷѩݶ˵꣬ˡ
̴ʧɫݶô
ʲôˣƾʲôҪҲҪУҼסˣҪֱܶŷѩݶȸ̳ˡ
ǳܵĿյԪȺʧķ򡣺ȻԪϿ
ԭΣ̫ƽǴһġ
书ߣŷѩݶһҲδǵĶ֡
ټϣԪڣﲻʲôæܻΪۡ
ˣ˵ɽ̫ƽġ
ı̫ƽǿƽġ
һ㡣Ԫ˵Ѿοˡ
Уԭ⣬ҲԴӦ㡣Ԫݺݵؾܾˡ
㡭ŷѩݶˡھͳɽ
ȥҲģȥԸԪһЦ
Ԫƶӣŷѩݶ˾š
ŷѩݶ֪äĿ߽ɽûʤ㡣
ֻ˵ãΪ㣬ξͲȥˡ
紵棬ҡҷˮݣҲЩϷĵط
̫ƽ֧Ųס˯ˡ
һˣɽҰһƬ塣֦ȥͣı˴˽лš
죬ˡ
о߽ɽ̫ƽѹȴĺѾڶԻˡ
֪̫£ˡϲ˵
̫ƽһ
˽ٳˡ
ԭ̣Ԫ˵Ƚ쵽Ԫ
ԪʵҲѾԪˡ
ֻǣԪҡҡͷʾʱҪ
һһŮǽٳ˿磬ǣȴ㲻ҪôأĽ̫ƽǴһ
ʲôҲǿԲµǣ̫ˣڱһһŮٳסˡŮĳ൹Ҳ£ֻüп˰̡ڱʲôҲ̾˿˵Ҳȥ̫£ǣ̫µļʾҲò
ĺ˵ô֪̫°ʾ㲻ҪҲˡ
Һ̫Ͷ꣬γһĬ̫µļţҶܿö˵ȻˡһǺ̫ܵ¡ڣ̫һ·ߣ;ǺţԣѾ鵽ˣ̫ںδ
̫ƽһϲǻҹȥ
ءǵǲܹȥǻҪɽ˵Ѿ¶Σաǲٴˡ
Ϊʲôٶˣ书Ҳ𣿡
һһŮȻܹץ̫£˵书ǶһȣҲǺõġ̫ƽ˵
ǡһ˰ҵ˲Զɽ
ɽȽΣһʱҲ˵
ʵΪˣҲҲǵġ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ģǲˡһΣȺ֪ΣգǲҪˣǵļһֱǺܺõġЦ
ϡ
Բϰһغɫ֦Բ̣װһƻ
ƻַ˻ȥ
һδɵĴ֧ľͷϣһɫҩ
ϰż˫δɵЬӣΪֻһ룬Щ
Ů쿴ӺƸ񡣡ϲüңУ󲮸׼ļױ쿴
ܱ죬ʲôÿģٺãܺùԪ̫ƽ׵𣿡
ϲˣǰϦôô£ôܺ˺ұȽϣ˵ˣ㱻ŷˡӺԸӭȢ㣬㣬ҲһҸ顣ĪҪѰա
ˣĸ׶ǵŷңοӺأֻӺҲһֱǵ¡ϲ̫ƽҲΪ
һʲôӺôϲ̫ƽˣ
˭˲ֻ֪ĸ㲻֪ίˣĸ˲ϲ覣
ǲǹȥܣȥôˡӺҪȢˣ𣿡ϰο
Ϊò̫ƽ˶Ρܶ
ġ϶ˡЦӺôġ˵ˣҪޣ֮ǰϲ˭㶼ͻݡģεϣ
ʱӺȴλǰ档
ҾҪȢˣϧӣȴҪ㡣ңǻҿأôҲ£һᣬҿġӺʵλһ㡣
÷㣬԰ӵ׺ķ欣ߣ²̣ӳȤɻԡ


579 Ұ

Ӻͷ·𿴵»ˣվǰһ÷
ϲĻ
Ӻƺصһ̣ӺҪ뿪ҲǲѾˣְ˺㣬Ҵ뿪Ҷúô㡣
ǡȴᶨ˵ܡҲ¡
Ϊְ𣿡Ӻˡ
ԼĶӣЦѾܺ¿ʼˡΪѾְĵĹ⡣Բ𡭡
Բ֡زӺȵİ顣ǣ˵ˡ
˵֮䣬˵֡ΪԶ㡣Ӻ˵һ仰
Ӻֻλˡ
ˮġϧûд̳塣
Ӻֻ·˸¹ڣ
ǽϵ©һ
ϰһϸͷƿƿһҩŽأǴ
㣬ĺ㡣ںܳǰϦӺȴ˵
ɽϡ
ߵɽ֮ǰĸӰиСȡˮˮҲˡ
Ҷģˮϡ
һ磬̫Ҽ¶һ۵Ĺ⣬˺ںɽ
ۣðվ˸ڵĺɽʿ
ǳȥתתɣܲҵЩԵġ·˹ߡ
˯һ̫ƽĺɵľҲָĲ
ûˮ԰ҺþûˮˡĺɵɤűȽϴɽﶼлˡ
ǵÿǵˡ˰˱һ뿪ɽ
գ¡
ͷʱʱ
ˮ϶кóԵġĺɵ۾ˡ
ˮôСӦûʲôɣЩɵ˵
ɽϪˮ϶лġңζ̫ƽһϲõ˵
˵ɾ͸ɣĺɶ죬˵꣬ѾԼȹӶѹ߸ң̡
ɽûˣ󴫳ȥҪŻܶˡ
Ҳ̫ƽѵЬӣҲĺһˮˡ
СĵϽ˹ȥȻˮϪˮµʯͷǱȱҪһСģͿˤ
Ϫˮ̫ƽղȥʱȫһ顣
ˮͦɾģȥȡˮáٶ̫ƽ˵
ţСĵ㡣̫ƽ֡
ȥɡ
ǡЩԥⱣ̫ƽԼΡ
ĺڣһȥȡˮôܷأ̫ƽߴٵ
ǾǣϽȥǡĺɴ˵
ǺðɣСĵ㡣˵գ׷ٹȥˡ
ϪˮУεˮøСˣ˵ģڳ衣
ֻһˮңӦöȡˮӰ߿˼ˮ
򵥵ˮͰͰٵǰ
ܿ죬ٺһװˮ
һߣ̫ƽĺæץϺ
СϪϺСҶǺɫģϸֲˡ
һѰţЧҲá
Եõģͦ׵ġĺѾ۵ᱳʹˣɿһٵĿս̫ƽһġ
ʱ̫ƽͣ˿ˮֿ˿ϪˮʯͷͻȻһ˺
Ǹʲôأĺһ
ֻ̫ƽժ·һ
ǰϺͶġ̫ƽָһխ˵
ĺɻȻ̫ƽһˮĶӲȥ
Са취ĺһ˵
շȥûãСϪ˽
ĺ׽ջս
̫ƽ˲ͷϵĺˮҰҪǻۡҪȻᱻȺԵҲᱻ
ſ϶̫ƽȥŪӡܵľïʢ̫ƽͨ۲Ҷ״ܿҵһ
ϵͷСԼͨһ룬Ǻܸߣ̫ƽڵҵһͣ㿪ʼ档
ɣĺɼ״Ͻæ
Ǹĺɱ̫ƽҪЩ
ֻĺɻͣϷһ㣬ûһ͵һء
ĺ̫ƽЦų޵
Ϫˮ򵥵ĳϴ̫֮ƽһҧһڡ
ʱһ
ţͦġ̫ƽĵͷ
ҰϻʣµɡĺЩ˷ܵ˵
Ҫˡ̫ƽæסĺɣҲɡ
ĳáĺס֡
ƽ⡣һӶѧǺгദ̫ƽЦ


580 ɹɢ

ˣ
򵥵£ȻҲˡ
ʱٻˣ־ۼϪˮߡ
ȥڵʲôĹתȥһԵɽϡ
ĺɺһ̫ƽһԣǰķ羰
ƣܰ
̫ƽЩԪأ
ȳϪζٵݹһҶӣСϪ㡣
̫ƽȥӣæסܹ㲻ܹȥӣ˵ƬɾҶֽһסϪ㣬ŵݹȥ̫ƽ
̫ƽסָֽϻ΢΢ЩȣȻ̣лˣ
ʱѣֻ̫ƽָҪһƤǱ̺ˡ
ɽ϶ˡҲ֪ôˣ˵Ǽȥ𣿡̫ƽǵ˵
Ҫȥ˵˵
ʱԪõòˡ
ŷѩݶΣҪȥɱ̫ƽ
ǣŷѩݶԪ
ȻÿոԪĽҩɹɢԪڵõεͬʱҲýƣû뵽ԪԼƽˣԪԽԽãϹҪָԪҪҴ򣬿ҲĶˣԣҽҪϮ̫ƽŷѩݶЦ
̾˿˵̫ƽǣѾԭȵɽˡ
ŷѩݶһô
صúΣҲٳúֵǣҲûԪ˵ǼȻˣʳȻǴĲģ̫ϳˡ̷
᲻Ϊ̫ƽиָ㣿ˣıʲôŷѩݶһ
ʱûҵ
Ǹòɽ˰ɣ˵ûҵԪֱȺ㺦ˣѡɽŷѩݶգգ۾˵
ܵģɽ·ҿúܽûǵĽӡҪɽǼ׵¡ܲҷֵġҡҡͷ
ûɽڲںδأŷѩݶսȭͷ
֢ڣǲ֪ǲںδȴ֪ڰУҪԸǣ̸ף̾˿˵
ôһҪɱ̫ƽŷѩݶ˵
ôҪɱ̫ƽ޷ǾõԪɡ̿ЦһԸ
ôҲܶҪҵġŷѩݶǳˡ
ҪˡɽկֵǶˣֻʣһˡ֮ǰûԪļ룬ɽöôңڣΪʲôҪԪ˵Ҫǿжᰮ֪֪һɱ̫ƽԪŹΪʲôźúõӲأָп˵
ˣߡŷѩݶ޺޵˵ҲŹ̫ƽġԷŹҲᡣ
α˵Ļ֪ģҲ뿪㡣̾˿˵
Ͱҡŷѩݶڴ˵Ҫһˡʲô¡ǹⲻҡ
̿ЦǣǹⲻȥңҲϣҵ̫ƽŭԪ벻ҵ˼㿴͸ˡ
ߡŷѩݶ˵̣ȻǰңܻܲСΪ󰮣Ϊ˳ȫҺԪ
̵Ķˣðɡ֪˵ʲôҶܾġ
ŷѩݶŸҾ֪㲻Ṽҵġ
һУԪˡ
ʵԪղţǲע⣬ѾȥѰ̫ƽ
Ԫ֮ǰаŵġ
סɽϱߵҶüˡ
ԪһˣµļǺšڸ̫ƽס⸽ɽ
ȥĴľûҵɽ˵Σ̫ƽҵɽǳΡ
ΪʱϵԪûҵ̫ƽסɽͻȥˣȻԪ˳ŷѩݶ̵ĶԻ
Զħ˼̫ࡣ̫ƽδ˺ǡȴҪΪ̫ƽԪսȭͷ
ȥŷѩݶһŨŨڵҩ˹
˰ɡȣҸġŷѩݶЦ绨
ԪЦŽӹ˵öˡ磬Ըˣرľ֮
ŷѩݶһѵ̫߳ˣԪҪˣ
ԪЦô𣿡
ǡֻǾܳŷѩݶ̾˿˵
Ԫ˵㲻ϲ𣿼ȻϲҡͲӦûҡȻ̫𣿡
ŷѩݶ̾˿˵̫ˡ⡣Ϊʦ˵һˣϵƭĿˡ


581 ı

Ҫŷѩݶмƣһ¡
Ԫװյ˵Ȼ㲻ǾˣҲˣңװһȴ¿ηΡ
ŷѩݶˣԵ𣿡
Ҳˡʡ㻳Ͷ˶ԪܹݣйȻŷѩݶİıˡ
ǣҲ˼ðɣɡŷѩݶȻˡ
ˡԪ˸Ƿʱ䣬һ˯ʡԩҡ
ŷѩݶԪȻı۾˯ˣڼˡ
ϣǽǵǾޱڶƺڸ֡
ʯ񻨿֦ͷǺ죬ɫСҶ̡
˵Ѿҵ̫ƽסɽо̫ƽи˰ҪȻһŮҪ졣ҵεɽǲܵġ
ȵȰɣ鲻áŷѩݶ̾˿
ôˣһ㵽ҪҪȥɱ̫ƽ
ȻҪ㲻˵̫ƽи𣿲׵ġŷѩݶ̾˿˵ǽɽ̫ƽء
Ȼô£ǾͲҪȥˡˡ
˼룬죬̫ƽɱŷѩݶɱ֣£ҵ
һŷѩݶǰ£ǣŷѩݶȻգۣԣħˡ
û˵ɵԪôôģͲҪɱ̫ƽˡ
㶮ʲôġŷѩݶҧ촽ЦƽʱֵܶʱȻ¶˽СŮ̬
ֶʼɣֵģѹݶôãһҪ㣬㲻Ҫ˵˵
ƭҵġŷѩݶȻڳһԪСϱļƣ˵˵ԪҪʲô
ŷѩݶЦ˵Ҫٷ
ôٷ϶жϽӵ
㲻Ҫѻ졣ŷѩݶһۣǱĵģڶˡ
̼ˣܹݡ㲻Ҫϵ
ˣ㻹Ҫ¶¶Ͱ͵ҳԣûУУҲûжãŷѩݶǳ
ߣ㲻ҪˡԪҪʲôԡЦҲֻƭƭŮӡ
֮ҲܣԸΪˣһԡŷѩݶˣУ㲻ҪңҪȻƻҺԪĸ飬Ҷ㲻
ЦǵģֻҲ
ŷѩݶ˵˵ԪӦ˸óԵġ
ˮ峺͸һɸ𣬽ˮۻһϸ۶ʱš
Ԫس
ȥƶʱԪԲףͻ򵥵һԣͳԺü졣
ԪıͲ࣬ζ㣬̡طζǳóԡ
ŷѩݶվԪ߿
Ԫһŷѩݶһ
ŷѩݶ̣ڼӣԪȻûб¶ġ
ȴ֪ԪҪСŷѩݶͿ
Ϊŷѩݶһתһգ۵˲䣬ԪѾ¶ˡ
ԪĶҩġ
Ԫɽʼͷϲ˶ҩԼǰȥ˽ҩ
ˣҩԪ
óԡ̫óˡŷѩݶԵúܿģۡȴ֪ȥģԪĶҩ
ǲǻҵҪȻôһ㣿Ԫ˵
ǸƢҪŷѩݶЦ
Ԫ˵УҾרΪһ
Ȼ˯
ɲϷġ
ŷѩݶȥҫ˵˰ɣҳô࣬һ㶼û¡С֮ĶȾ֮ûԵôóԵı
ͼ˳ݶİأȥˣ̼ˣңû£һֱû¡
ǡŷѩݶǺܸˣţԪమĿʼ
ʱϣյѾš
ѾܣҪԸ̫ƽȸ̫ƽļң硣֣ʹ󷿲жԡ
Ǽֺ̫ƽߵԺѾСġ
Сı̫ƽȻѾߣСԭļϸɺ̫ƽл̫ƽˡ
ǣСĽҲԽԽôƽ
̫ƽֵεģԶֻī㡢ޡٺĺɣСĲôŬò̫ƽá
֮ǰСĿǱ̫ƽɵȥϸģСĲΣ˳ܱߺСľͳ̫ƽԺѾߡ
̫ƽСĺܶʹ͡ⲻϽĺǿСҪġ
ܲʾãСİ棬͹ȥл


582 £С

ϰһҺɫĳӣһһɫĲߡ
һ£һȦźȲ衣
Сǳɫȼ׻ȹѾˣСʱԲƯͲ١
ƹС񣬡лʹֻͣǣū޹»Ȼµġ
㲻޹أйͣ㲻Ϳ˳𣿡Ŀ
Сһū澴ƹ˼
ΪҰһ顣Ƕ£С˵
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鲻ѣֻҪԸ⣬ȻûġܴСĵĻ
С֪Ѳˡ˭СһܵЩ鱦ν˵ֻ̣ô˵ƹūʲôԸġ˵ūܰ쵽һΪƹ졣
̫ƽҽָĶҩСΪҰⶾҩ͵ҡܵݹȥһֽֽдŶҩ֡
Сļˣƹū澲죬ǡ
ʲôȻ̫ƽѾߣõ㶾ҩ׾ٵ飬˵첻ɫһ
СĹ˵ƹū澽ͣūȻ̫ƽѾߣ̫ƽΣ˵ˣеҩݶСū澲֧κһҩҲ֪ʲôǶҩʲôǽҩ
ǣ̫ƽôˣҩݶֲ˵ʱƲҩʱ򣬲ֻһڰ̫ƽҲóˡڣѾܶһˣЩСѾ϶޵ѧͽˡˡ
ƹūġСǽܲǣҲǡ
ҲϻˣνҲãҲãҶĻҲ֪ҽͻΪˡɫ
ƹ⡭СĿˡ
°ɡ˵
СĻȥ޻
޽㣬ëӺáСһˮڵ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ˡʰҩʰ𣿡
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ֻͣӹëͭ˽ˮЦôôˣ
޽㣬ƽҶչˣ̻ҺܶҽԣӦõġСһЦԺٶ̽ҽɣ
û⡣ڹһƲҩɡЦ
áСľãˡ
ɽ
⣬ŵƣ˲ݵϣ̫ƽ˳
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Ҫϴϴͷ̫ƽ˵
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ûйϵģֻҪˮϴͷûйϵ˵˿Լӵҩ̫ƽЦ֪ƽɾ⼸ûϴˣҵͷˡ
ʱ̺ŷѩݶҲѾˡ
̫ƽ𣿡ԶԶġǶڲݴ̶ŷѩݶ˵
šŷѩݶ˵ڷɹȥɱ̫ƽ
ԡ˵̫ƽͬڱϡ
˵ǸɵͷɵԵѾǸ򡣡ŷѩݶЦ
Ȼˡģˡ̾ǳȥͻᡭ
ǣ̶סˡΪ̿ŷѩݶȻ³һѪ
ݶôˣ̴ʧɫ
̡Һǡжˡŷѩݶ̵Ļվվȡ
ݶǲԪ̶ʱһС
ܣһŷѩݶ۾ˣѾµô¡ֻǣš
ڣ㻹ԪˣҪ£ұ㣬ȥԪҪҩ
𣿡Ȼһаȵ
Ԫˡ
̴ŭԪΪʲôҪݶ
ԪһЦǱҵġҲ̫ƽͻΣա
㾿԰ݶʲôѽҩ̺ȵô˵ŷѩݶ㣬㾹Ȼ𱨣ĸ飬ʤ֮䣡
ĺˡҸµģҲֻͨĶҩˡһԶҩʱҲֻȫΣԪЦֻҪ˹һ¶С
ԭµĶŷѩݶĶˡ
˵ڣǲǺܺ
ԶŷѩݶЦ
ԪģֻҪ㲻˹Ͳ¡չĶͿԶ⿪
Ԫƾʲô㣿̴Ҫɱ㡣
㲻ҵĶ֡ѾˡԪҡҡͷ߹ȥ
Ҫ׷ŷѩݶȻ³һѪ


583 ߹

ݶôˣæסŷѩݶʵ㲻µġ
֪Ҳ£Ԫ˵Ҳ£Ͳ¡ŷѩݶЦ̣㻹ᱧ𣿡
ʲôʱҶ㲻ܡ̽סŷѩݶ
Ԫһһɽȥ
ģú
ҹҹ˼ŮϾҪˡ
Ԫȴһֽӵĸо
ĽŲʱ죬ʱ棬Ŀȥûߡ
ֱԪˣɽſڣոϴͷͷʪµ̫ƽ
Ǻ͵ͷ¶ѩ׵һ˫۾С¹һ͸ͻá
һüǣӣ졣
͸ഺ͸
һ֡ɽˮȻһ
Ԫվ̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
ŷѩݶԪδ֮껹ټ̫ƽ
㿴˭ˣپϲ
̫ƽ̧ͷ
񿴵һĨĿ⣬̫ƽ
Ŀƽͣůܰ
Ŀ⣬ֻһˡ
̫ƽЦˣվƾ紵Դʪͷ
磬֪ջҹ
ŴһֱԪࡣ
Ŀԣһģʯ
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Ļݱ
ˣҲ棬ܹڼ̫ˡǿһԿԧ졣
ǰٿ˵ǣأ
סٵ֣û˵ǣٶ⡣
̫ƽҸͷԪó־̫ƽͷ
ůůڶϡ
磬Щ㶼ȥ̫ƽᾧӨ
Ԫδ̫ƽȻҲ˳һ棬ɵøۡˣһֱɽѾˡ
ǸŮ˭̫ƽһʣһ̽̽Ԫ
벻ɣλɽܶͶǵֵܶΪٱ׷ɱӵӣɢɢֻʣˡԪ̾˿˵
ʲôǸƯŮӾȻɽܶʲô֣̫ƽһ
ŷѩݶԪЦô˵ҵԣʩСơֻԶҩһܺãû˺
̫ƽЦóŷѩݶ㣬һΪϲ㡣
ΣϲŮֻһˡԪս̫ƽ֣˵Ҳŷѩݶ˺㡣
ڣ˵ң̫ƽ̾˿˵ԭŷѩݶ֡Ϊʲôŷأ
ô˵ʶһԪһ䣬ȴ̫ƽҲʶֻǣҲ֪ʲôʱʶ
̫ƽ˵ˡԪһ
̫ƽ˵ˣҸѹˣȻ󲿷ѾָˣǻҪڼ䣬òҪ书
Ԫ˵֪ˣôҪܽ𣿡
̫ƽҡҡͷȻŷѩݶõԶҩŷѩݶˣֻ鷳ġ
̫ƽ˵ĺܶԣ뿪ɣɽ·еߡԪ˵ҪɽǲϼҴڵĻ͹ˣΪ˶࣬пҪ졣ټϣĻϾҪ´ˡ
˵ˣ죬ŷѩݶĶͻˡ̫ƽǳ㣬ʱҪùȽϺáҪȻָڻӳܾá
˵ɽ;Уŷѩݶ̾ͻ׷ԪЦǷģһˣתòҪ׷Ȼǻҡ
߹ء
ս쳹ɱ۵սʿǣ񺰿С
ϵƶ䶼ȾѪɫ
ܵĲľѾٳɿݸ塣
һȺ׹¡˲Ⱥһʱ䣬ذѪɺӡ
ݶֹˡ
ȸű߹ؽʿһһѾѱݶ˴ˡ˭֪߹صЩʿῪʼӣ˵ȸһʲô쵼أ
ڡĽʿǷڧ˳û˽ȥ
ȸֻʱ齨ʿȥֿǣʧǶܲأѪɺӵĲ״
ܣȸᵶŭĿԲȫɱ
ԣĹŽк졣
ΪڧƾȸĴ䣬Ҳôҡ
ɢŲзϵĿסϻһЩϾɵĿףսܵġ
ȸͳһʥּȻ١


584 ׷

ʥּ˵Ӻڳ֮󣬴Լڰº󣬼ǰͳ߹ؽʿͬС
ʥּȶ˺ܴá
ǣȻܶƲȸǣеǰҲûˡ
ȸ̾˿ʯͷϣͭң³һɫ
ɺ˵ףǣΪʲôҪΪ룿
ʹһ졣ףʲôʹȸһ֦ɳϻʲô
ɺ˵㻭ĿǱ𣿡
ȸͷһĨϦлȸϣɫ粻˵ǵġǱͼ
ףͼʲô𣿡ɺ˵
öӡ㿴ϸˣͼġȸȴûֱӻشӵ⣬ǾӸҵģôͼߡ¡ԣһҪˡ
ǵģסɺӣϸؿһͼô³Ϲϵأ
պͻˡȸ¡
ʱԪ̫ƽһˣѾһɽˡ
ŷѩݶ̣Ȼ
׷֮ǰɽ鷳Ȼˣưôꡣ
ˮΣʹʹģµرйע
Ԫſɡ̫ƽš
ٺĺһɡš
ûдסԪ§̫ƽЦҪȻǾҪͣˡ
̫ƽСĻһӣԪæסˡ
㣬̫ÿոտˡ̫ƽ죬ֵû¡
ǡǿҲҪˤһ²ŶԡΪҸӺÿҰ㲻ÿô㡣ԪЦ
ͺһ̫ƽǰ̫ƽա
죬ᣬҪ˺졣̫ƽ˵Ҫ֡
𡣡ԪЦС¡
ߡ̫ƽм˵
ԪЦŰ촽ôŵõԪ촽ϵʪ
㣬Ҿ֪ʲô˼ˡԪҧ̫ƽĶ˵ġ
̫ƽ̵úˣ϶̵úƲԪټ´أԪƿʪˣԪĲûأ̫ƽ۵ġ
ԣҲУҲУ̫ƽˣҾʹˡ
ҲˣӡԪ֪̫ƽֻһ䡣
Ԫɲ̫ƽϾպҪԼӵģôܲţ
ǣŷѩݶѾˣ˭ߡ
ŷѩݶֱվڴУɡûãȫʪ͸ˣҲܡ
ŷѩݶ·ͷǰĸ¶
ϧŷѩݶĿ̫ڰ񽣹һɱڣϬޱȡ˼˲סŷѩݶϣΪʪո¶ᡣ
̫ƽһ׻ˡ
Ԫ˵Ҫ¡
ߵǰ˵ǵģǲ£ڡ
˹Ϊ̫ܵ죬ȫʪˡ
֮Ҫô죬޷Ϊ̫ŷѩݶˡ
̰һѴɡŷѩݶͷϳſ
Ԫܶ㣬㾹Ȼܶ˽ܿƵ𣿡ŭˮԵر͡
Ԫ˵ǾңһرǣҴû˵Ҫ˵ˣҪɱİŮӣݡǺΪҲǿǾҵķϣǶҩͲôǳˣѵл׷𣿡
ˮԵٴŷѩݶֻĶˣЦ֪Ұ㣬Ϊʲôƭң˵Ҫҳԣʵʳ¶ڿ˵塣
û취ǱҵģҪ˺̫ƽȥɱǲ塣ԻʵжϡԪ˵Ρ
ŷѩݶЦȥ̫ƽɽɽûнȥɽôˡҲ֪ԪǲܷģζùңãȻǲʶ̧٣ǾͱҲ
ŷѩݶ˵ꡣͻӽ˹
պȻһ⡣
ȻڡһŷѩݶĽǲһˡ
ŷѩݶתվ
Ǻˣŷѩݶ
ҽ
ŷѩݶЦȻ֪֪֮ԼǸС
㡭һ޳֮ͽȻЦʲôʸ񣿡ŭ
ĺҲ˵Ը㣬ҲԣҪ֡˵꣬νŷѩݶȥ
̳ȥһĺɺ̶
˭ʵ
вգܹŮĺҲ


585 

ٴģǰ̶ˡ
ĺɣⲻһѾߵ𣿡̼ЦһѾߣԳΪָ֣
㡭㻹򲻹ءĺɱŭˣȥͰν
̺˼סĺɵһĺɾ˸ա
ĺǰתסĺɵ֣һϡ
ĺһĵ˵ϡ
һ֡סĺɵ°ͣЦôûУ
˷ɿܹȥһ߹ȥߵڵء
ǸŮӣ㶼Ź㣬ֱ磡
̿ЦɲʲôŮӣŮôǿģ
̴̲Ķ֡
ŷѩݶæ롣
ĺ
ԴĴУŷѩݶ̣ǶɽַǳϤġ
ĺɡ·硣
Ԫˣ˵ȥǲռưչ黹Ҫֵġ
̫ƽ˵Եģ磬㲻ùȻȫӳָڣΣա
ǣڲֵĻǴҶҪΣˡԪĵ˵
̫ƽתת磬ɣ
㣿УԲУһŮӣôܹùŷѩݶأԪˡ
˭˵һҪҿԿǻѽôҶ𣿡̫ƽЦһλᣬҹȥ򲻹ǣٳֲˣ
УҲðյġԪס̫ƽ֣ǹС
Ī㲻˵ԣǿԡ̫ƽҲսԪ֣ԪַŵԼϣһ¡
ǡԪ̫ƽ򶨵Ŀ塣סˡ
̫ƽתˡ
ŷѩݶ㲻ǳ̫ƽվУһɡݳᡣ
ŷѩݶһ̫ƽȻˡתķֱ̫ƽ˹ȥ
̫ƽȻɳ˶롣
Щ̫ƽһˡͿ˾綾ֻҪ˵ƤͻѪҺУ˾ж¡
ŷѩݶΪ̫ƽ书뵽̫ƽɳ
Уŷѩݶ˴ۡ
Щ̽ŷѩݶҺѸٽ롣
ŷѩݶһ鴤˵ϡ
Ԫæ˹ȥ̫ƽû°ɣ
̫ƽȻû¡
ŷѩݶѾ£Ҳսϱȥסŷѩݶ
ƾˮܵҲûҪſŷѩݶ˼
Ԫ̫ƽǾ԰ݶʲô̴ŭȻˮ̵۾ˣȻ̧ͷ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵ŷѩݶ˿ķϣϵĶȻҿԸǽҩǰ˳ɽ
ŷѩݶȴ˵Ҫǹɽȥɱ̫ƽˣΪұǣң
ǡ̴˵ԵøͳҲ֪Ϊʲô
ŷѩݶ˵ˣ˵ʲô
޺޵ؿ̫ƽ˵ΪУ̫ƽΪӮң
ҿӮ㡣ΪҴûҪӮ㣬һŮӼңΪʲôҪأ㲻̫𣿡̫ƽ߹ɡŷѩݶͷϡ
ŷѩݶЦҶԪһ飬֪
㲻Ͳִ̫ŵأԼҸڱ˵ʹ֮ϡ̫ƽȻ˵
ҶҶģֻ֪һ˾Ҫ뾡һ𣡡ŷѩݶ˵˻ƣɽȴ쳹Ļ
ȡǸ̫ƽ˵ɽ֮ͻѽҩ㣬ҪĻھ͸ɡ
Ԫ̫ƽˡ
꣬Ҳͣˡ
̱ŷѩݶ˵ݶһҪͦסͱȻ֮Ǿ뿪ȥһû֪ǵĵطƽòã
ŷѩݶЦ̣Ҳǵܶˡһжزȥˡ
ĶˣݶԵģĿԵġֻԸȥ
㲻һжʹࡣŷѩݶ˵ˡ
ʹ
Ժڻһûվͳˡƻ׺У˼ֻ۷䡣
ʫ÷Ц㣬ӺĻ£ٰòˣ˱Ŀ
ŷЦð£Ȼˣüˡ
ʫ˱
Ҳ֪ӺȢľǺηʥӺôãȢϱŷ˸Ƿ˵
֪ܽйһ֪ʫЦ
Ƕˣ¾ͺòȥŷ˵


586 ﱸ

Ҳһģ㡣ܿɺ̫ƽһʫЦܶǿѺúܶࡣ
ķܾҶһϵҲһ
ŷú⣬˵ҲãԿﱸΪܽйñ۽硣ʲôĹ
ϣϿһƬ񣬵¡ľ֡
ͷϲһСӣϻһƬ÷ϹһԱɫıʯźɫӣһȦ졣ˡ
Ԫ䵭һƳܷ֮Ϊ˶һƵġԼĸ
ڣѾİ¡Ҳʼʹøߵݸࡣ
Լ֪ԼȻҲˡ
Ѿ͸ܵݸ࣬ڱţܵϣ¶Ҹ΢Ц
͵롣ľ߽˵
һλƽҺϵôȻҪˣ˵أ
ȻҪˡľЦϾѣܲأ
𣿡һ
ǵģĪŷҹϵȽϺáʫŷϵȽϺáˣҾͶˡľ
ҾͲǵˣΪŷһʫͶĹϵáܵĵ˵
ǺͶĹϵáǺ͹ʲôϵǶ۹ˡľЦ
Ȼô˵Ҿ͹ȥˣǴҲҪҳﱸ⣬ҲȥҲ˵Ĺȥܶžӣ˵
ʹ
һ˱ðĺʹĹԲ罺ᡣ
ʫһ£´ɫˮɴȹ԰ĳԺ档
ŷڳɸ⡣
ɸζŷóɸԡ
Ϊ˿ڸֲ壬ǰѲͬ׻һ𣬽ѹʵľ
ľǸΣа磬ŵЩͻ
ʱƮʹ
ܹźɸζ鼫á
ܡʫ߹ȥס֣ܵǳЦ̵˶˵̫ƽܸʤһƤˮģһˮƵġ
ˣˣˡ
죬ءʫ˼ˣ㰮ʲô滹ɸ⡣ãÿ
æ˵Ůҡ
¾¡ŷҡҡͷ
ʫܰϣЦ㻹ûɸⲻóԵ𣿡
ǣŮ˼ģˡܼˡ
ͳѽ㲻ԣҿɾˡʫЦգգ۾
ãҾͳˡ
Ѿ߶˹ȥһ̣˼ɸ⣬ϸ͡
ܳһڣ˵ʵŮ̫ƽǳɸ⡣
㵹Ǹģ¶̫ƽ㣬ϧ̫ƽû㣬Ͳ֪ˡʫһ̫ƽˡ
̾˿˵̫ƽƽʱ̫æˣûʱҡ
ǣܿǱ̫ƽ˺ܶءŷЦ
ӢͬҲġʫû˵ܡѵһιǼŻҲ࣬㲻Ҫдܾˡﻹз۲裬һȡ
ʲô۲裿ʱ֮ǰҪۡȴѷı̫ƽ˺˱ˡǳ
ܾȻܺȵ۲衣
ܿɲҺȷۡ˵ۿɹˡ
ûϵдǵѵȻҪóصĶˡʫһõЦůܵġ
ܵ۾ʪˣǶôãҶ֪ôر
ѺǲҪرģ㲻ҪϾˡʫסܵ˵֪ΪΣܣͺ񿴵áȻûá
̾˿˵ϧ˵ãûиˡ
Ժ޹ǵڹˡʫЦ
ŷ˵ˣܣӺĻѾðˡ͵ˡ
λﶼˣʲôʸȥأȻٷĲˣͲÿˣܽλ죬ѾܵϵĸˡЦ
ǸµĺӡŷҲܷǳϲ
νջķḻ˺ܶ
ʱԪ̫ƽһˣѾɽ¡


587 ɽ·

ɽ·࣬ˡ
ջһʺ硣
̫ƽͷϴһǳɫɴס˰
Ԫס̫ƽֱۣ˽ӣ޼䣬ŷѩݶ˸ʹˡ
ŷѩݶ˵Ϊʲôһ·ܣ
Ҫ˵ˣı䲻˵ģҸı䲻뷨һ˵
̫ƽ˵ˡ硣ɣʺ磬ڱʾʤˡ
Ԫ̫ƽͷһ㡣Цǵġǰ棬Ǿˡ
˵ԶڵǣܹȰźõġ
Ԫ˵ͷ
Ҫʲôʱǣݶ첻ˡŭ
̫ƽתȥ˵ŷѩݶ㲻׷ǡн죬һжԼԼ
졣ûʸ˵ҡŷѩݶŭǡΪŭѪӿŷѩݶɫøӲ԰ס
˵̫ƽ˵ģһϾ͸ǽҩģ㻹ڷϻʲô
벻˰æôֺģɽϰ𣿡̫ƽ˵
ã㣬ǽҩòã̶̫ƽˡ
һˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵Ҫŷѩݶ˵仰
̫ƽ߹ȥ
Ԫ˹ȥ̫ƽ㲻Ҫŷѩݶϻˣˣ˵ͨġ
һЩһҪ̫ƽѾߵŷѩݶǰĲϵ̥ôģ
Ǻ˵˵̥Ǿ̥ǣʲô˵ô֪Ҳ̥ǣŷѩݶǳǳһЦ㻹ܹע
ûʲôֻǾ̥еϤ̫ƽ˵
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ܱŷѩݶЦΣܱǱץסģΪǽ˹ٱܱˡҪȻץǣǾͿԼܱˡҺûǣܱĶ常
ŷѩݶ˵⻰ʱϾȻʤߵ΢Цƺáҵһ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽһЦԭܱлҡ
Ԫ˵ϵܱôġԭͶŷҡ
ΣŷѩݶЦǶŷҵġ۵ˡ
ǲ۵˵㡣Ԫ̲ס˵ǿˡ
˵ꡣԪ̫ƽ֣ͷҲؾˡ
㡭ŷѩݶˣԪңʵǣ̫ˡ
ŷѩݶĻɽ
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׺ܾòˣȻиȥôԶͻȻȻǲô˵ġ̫ƽ˵ĸףںδ
ȥӺˡ


588 ѵѾ

Цܽ˹һˣȻѧ㣬ɺóˡҪҪ
ʲôܽˣ̫ƽһѾ˵ˣŷѾų乬ʫΪ
Ȼ䶼ԣǣʫѻŮڵλϣ޲ףټϻһСʫ׻˵λá
̫ƽȥʫͺϲְĳԡ
أǴʫѧİɣ̫ƽȻ˵һ䡣
εЦ̫ƽԭ֪ǲϲʫġ
޷̫ƽһЦкóԵģأ
ճĸ˱ǣ̵̶õ÷ۡ
̫ƽϸָץУЦζίʵءӺó԰ɣ
͸ࣿһ͡Ҳ𣿡
Ȼԡ̫ƽЦĸףȥ㿴
á̾˿̫ƽĶԹԹҲġ
һֱãʫĳޣӦôȰ̫ƽüأ̫ƽϾҲȰˡ
̫ƽ̫ĿͷǹϣңһһϺ褺ãôῴ
ˣȻҲͺ̫ƽվһӪȥ
ֻǣʫǵʫı󣬻иүĵϲҵ
Ը̫ƽվͬһӪģǣǰǣӰ쵽Ϻǵ档
̫ƽ֪ˡ̫ƽ⡣
ˣԱϣ̫褺ֺ̫ƽϵôã̫ƽôܶϲأ

ְֳȴĺܡ
͸ĹؼһҪ塣
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æ˵쳢̫ƽġ
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ֻǿĵܸܵճãҲ֪׼ʱ߹սƵ˭֪ݶôġ̫ƽ̾˿˵ݶӭȢҳԭΪһĺƽ˭֪ꡣݶ˾ִˡҲԱݶˣ޿κΡ
Ǹ˺ܶױҲǺܺڡҡҡͷһ裬ȴȣϧݶ̰ᡣȸ֮󣬾ͶηߡŽֹ
ߣݶӣĵġūӺ߹మ֮ūûˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ϺڵֹͳȥļױжҲֻлԼ֪
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ӺɷԵҵΣֺξ֮УֻǳǣһƬңĸδһȥôأӣ˵
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̫ƽ֣Сϲģһ򲻳Ƥġ
˵Сıȹȥްֵַҩģǣڸ˭˵أ
ôڵҹôƫƧĵط˵鲻򵥰
ʵ̫ƽȱãԭ뿪ʼСĵġ
ȥ̫ƽ֮ûСģΪǵСС̫ƽ˶Ҫһڣ֮ǰСǣ޷ǾҪĥСģɸֲźá
ǣСôˣ
̫ƽĵ˹ȥ
ؿϸˣǸѾߣѾľ
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589 

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СĸľѾ˶Ρ
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ȻСϵҲǶˣǣֺα͵͵أ
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ҲǵģýˣȥϵôãҪ̫ƽʲôΪʲôֱ̫ƽҪأΪʲôҪ͵͵̫ƽѾأ
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590 

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Сģǹ㲻·߰˻Թ𣿡
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̫ƽ˰˵ɣҪȻ˵ȥΪҿѾء
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̫ƽЦԼѡôˣ
ū֪ˣū澡Сٴιˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷū澡ĺģ˼ǶȻˣ㲻ԸȥҲֻӰ㷢ˣ·Լѡģֲ˱ˣ
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СǸѽ
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Сֻȥߣรˣ
̫ƽȻȥܡ


591 

ڶġ
԰ĻţѾŻɨ仨
ҹһ꣬԰ҵġ
ľ㼱Ҵҵܹ
㼱ʲôʲô˵̫ƽüͷһ͵ĵ
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592 

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һɡͷϣžɡϣ񳴶
ͣǸʱڡ
¶ˣ鲻ⷳꡣ
ҳϣ̫ƽȹȹʪˣ̫ƽȹڣԼ¶
̫ƽ˵٣ɡ߰ɣҲȹʪġ
ūû¡Ц
ȴվһһӵسСġ


593 

ȥ͵͵˵
Ϊܵ˫޹ǣǱ޴Ҳһ㣬Ҳܻ
СĴƴڵ
С֪ˣҲ֣ͣСĽ죬ҧֻһζĿޣȴûġǿӡ
̫ƽ̲סЦãⲻԼ˵Ҹո͸Ѿߡʹˣǽòء
֣ͣŭѾͷ͵飬͵Ļ̫ƽĶ´ٷҲ㣡̫ƽȴġ
СĿˡ
̾˿˵̫ƽ㡣ЦˡѾ߲򲻳ɲš
̫ƽЦɱԼۻӣˣҹҲֻƣϲЩ
̾˿˵ý㡣鷳ˣʵʲôҶϲġ
ǿɲУ׿Ǵ£ҿɲġ̫ƽ΢΢һЦݹȥþͰϲһԻҾˡ
ϸţ
ʱҡ
ƹһȦȣӭһȽ˿ľ񻨴šϹһдҶ
Ѿľˣôˡ
ľ˵ˡū֪̫ƽ˵ܣֱӰū澰ˡ
ѾͷŴ٣һľҲţһɫб£īɫȹüԣɫ糺죬ľ⣬Ǹ㡣Ҫϸ㣬ǣȴǵģ̫ƽ롣Һã̫ƽûͱˡҪȻҴѾߡ
ū֪ˣūҲˣū澻ᣬľæͷ
Ҳ㻹ѾȻһӾľ㡣ľ㣬ȫˡ
Զˡ
СӣˣԼ֣ЦѾ֡
Ѿˣ
ľˡ
ںڵ˿̳һ˫٣ϵẕ̇ʯѩ׵ĶԽ̰ɫȹѾЦ̫ƽɲ׶ԸĪһ׻¡
ѾЦĪ㶼֪𣿡
СðܽеǼüˣ㵱ϹҵȻͿˡЦ
ȻԶҽҽ˫ţĽŻûҽãⱲӶ벻ˣҲ뿪£ÿϿԷҲա
ɩɩʵ˿ˣѾǺεġ
ʵûʲôģǹͬĵ˾̫ƽ㲻öʲô˼ɵġ㶼˵һܰءЦݿ䡣
Ѿ̾˿˵ľߣĿġΪڶϸϧ̫ƽҴˣľ˻ƻҲˡʧˡ
ľȻ˻δؿʼˣ̫ƽҪľ͹ܣ̫֮ƽӡ͸ˣԽ֮Ҳ˺ܴķ϶ʵǺ顣Ц
Ѿ˸㣬ϡ
㵹ǺҵðľͻҲܵ˼ҪȻܵѾߣΪʲôֹأѾ˵
˸㣬˿˵ܲҡ
Ѿһɩɩ˼ǡ
̫ܶƽѾܾˡԣܲŶιҾ㡣̫ܺƽϵã֪̫ƽҹġЦľ£ܴǣƲѡ
ѾĿһǵҲǡ
ЦڡΪҪףᾭȥʹҲȥʹ֮󣬳ûʾáڸأԳ롣
Ѿ̾˿˵ɩɩ˵ܵĹϵӦøòŶԡȥʹܳ¡𣿡
һ£ε˵࣬һǲȥˡỹСȽϺá
ѾЦϸȥͽ˼£Ҳѽ
ЦǾͲɡƵͨˣԼҹġֻŷʲô˹ȥܣʱܾ͸׽ˣСӣȱôһˡ
Ѿɫˣ֪ˣлɩɩѡ
סѾʵ֪̫ƽʤʲôʤߵļѾ߶Žһģ̫ƽŽһпŽˣȱȱ໥ͬһɢɳ̫ƽһ


594 Ա

Ѿһ˼ǡ
СôϻۣȻҵ˼ϣҵŽһģҲСҪŽᣬһԸ̫ƽȻ̫ƽͷۣƤֵܵһЦ
á̫ƽôҲ벻ľͻʹǸŽᡣ

ǽϹһɽˮͼ·İϣһߵҤƿһѰ׾ա
ϰһƿұ߼Ҥڲһһ
̫ƽһ˵ãϾҪˡܶѾˣҾͲ˵ˣЩá
иĴӣŸ鱦
л̫ƽˣҾȴ֮ˡ˵ţ˹ȥ
ܻ治һȻѴӵĶˡ
ټˣ˵ƹô
̫ƽ˻֣ʾٲҪЦμ޵ĿүջʼҵƸǼҲ౸Щױôܹأ
۾ˣܲˡ
ȥŭ̫ƽֱ̫ƾʲôСң
ܼסٵ񣬲Ұٵ񣬼̫ƽͷϣȴˣܵЩױ벿֣̫ƽװ͸ܵġ
ܵӣӦˡһߴһ˵
̫ƽڴϣ˸ñľͿԡˣ٣ˡ
ֵҹٿǳо
УѺ㣬ҿɲϣ㿴۾̫ƽˡ
ٸ̫ƽǺñӣ̨ߵ˸С䡣ȥˡ
̫ƽˣ۾˯ˡ
̫ƽȸ
ɱǰȸ߾ٴ󵶣
ʱɳա
쳹ա
ʱʹ
Ԫְġ
ʪĵΣְݹᾣɫ԰׵úһ
ְİڽȫϵıʹ
Ԫʲô˵ְҲˡ
㣬Ѿֻʣ°ˡԪҡҡͷְĵݳȥһֻ֡
ʲôְֻĮ˵û֡
ԪЦǹġҲֻңԾȵ㡣
ְĿЦ˭ȲˡҿҪɱͷˡ
ҿԡҸղѾȰ˵ϴӦˣ̵ڣӺǰһ졣ʱʳǶ׼ӺĻ硣ҵڻ£ܡԪЦ
ְ̧ͷԪԲڿЦ
Ҫڻ뿪ְһ
Ԫ˵ͷ
ְ˵Ϊʲô
ԪЦ뿪һԭ򡣡
ְסԪ֣վаմ뿪
ֻҪ㻹ҾͿ԰ﵽ㡣Ԫ˵
ܻȥȻҪȥְĿЦˣθģ
Ԫ˵ͷ˵Ӧ㡣ǵðǣǰ¹⡣
ְһ¾ʲô
ȥ١Ԫ˵ˡ
ְĵ۾ֳһĨϣ
˷ˣְҲʼǡȥ̫
Ԫ԰ԼԼ塣
ʫ·ͣס˽Ų
֮£Ԫʣ˵һƤҡ
̫ƽǺøôõӣȻõˡʫ̾˿
ְģڹȥӢʱҲǲԪֵģﲻɵȻ
ȥҪϲְģҵ̫ԪԪһеʱ򣬰ԪǸöã
ĻҪ̫ŮӣͲ̫ƽʫˡ
ԪŮӣҲʫˡ
ʫԽԽԽԽڡȫȻˣȥʫǶôԪΪʱԪٰ̫࣬һС
ʫ˵Ԫһͷײˡ
һΣʫҲѡʱԪ
ȥʫѡʱְ
ʫϲģµģ߸ϡ緢ְġ
ְĻʱǡȿְĵģȴʫ
ֻǣʫǵְģȤˡ
ְҲǺ׵ġ
ʱʫ̲ס߹ȥЦ̫ΪԺڰӣһҡ
Ԫ̧ͷ΢ȣЦá
ʫ˵һ壬е𣿡
Ԫͷػʡˡ
ʫˡסЦʵһźӣΧסӣΪʤ
Ԫȴֻ塣
ĮӣʫͶˡ
ߣʫֻ÷ȥ


595 

ãڻʹŷһͻȲ衣
ãϲϣԼϺõĺ˿ġŷЦûü֪ͨءѡˡ
ˣﻹûѡŮôѡأ̫Խˡ
ǱҪ˭ѡ͸˭ѡֻѡŷЦ
Щףкĺ죬̣Ŀԡ
Ҳѡ̫õģȴҵϡ
ʫýˡ
μˣǣϵѾʫˡ
ʫϺѹ֮ɫ߹ȥסŷ֣Цݲõý㣬ʲôöҪҿ𣿡
ˣΪѾͷ˵Ҫѡѡˡôʲôö㿴أŷȻ˵˻ѣ
ܲؿŷ벻ͨŷΪҪ˵ѣŷѡġ
Ҫƴǣǣŷϡ
ʫ˵ѾͷôûòҿĳҪѡҲӦѡʶպ⹬ѻˡ
ʵܾίˣǣŷϵһۣ
˺ˣܣ´βҪͿˡֲСģˡʫЦˣգգۡ
ƺڸܣʫ֪
ܳȥʱ򣬻Ǿ㱵ġ
ƾ򵥵̣Ȼ벻ŷΪʲôʫΪʲô
ʫȥ󣬷ǳ
ܻû޽أŷҪʫˡӶʫˣֻŷá
ʫܲ
ǣŷŷңǿңѻܱȣ
ǣʫʲôأһѻӡ
ԣҲֻˡ
ʱϺȻͻڰ˹ࡣ
ϢһȻ
ʱѾԶУûھǡ
̫ƽǳżͽ褺㣬һةฮϡ
̫ƽҪةʸף˹ҢݹõģҢˣ˹࣬ϴͻǣҢǳôܾأ
ϣѼɼʡ
̯ǰ֣һȺ˶˾ûöˡ
̫ƽһЩ㣬ةฮʱ褺͸ة࣬ʦҽТ˳һ㱡񣬲ɾ⡣
úúáлˡةԸͣڴϡ
ةѾһûȥϣ糯ˣ֮ͺܲá
̫ƽ褺Ȼ
̫ƽ˵ة˽Σ
ةЦţ쳤˲ӵʹˣѾںˣֻǿ˱ٵһ˫ŮϹ¿
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ůϴͻڰ˹ࡣة˿֪
ةЦǶǻʼҵ£ѸߣٹܲЩˡ
ԣة࣬Ⲣǻʼҵ£˹Ķϱ˹ǺҢӰݹءͽģȻֶʱ˲ǣ֪ġĶϱôܹΪأⲻǺ𣿡̫ƽߡ
ǻϵҪ֣Ϊӣʲô취أة˵
ѵة˾Ͳκο𣿡̫ƽһ
Ѿû䣬ڳҲκţٵ˥ܣҲ֪ʱͻȻʱѱֻʲôȥأܹҲһȰʢ¶Ϊ룬ⱾǺõģҲһ룬˵ſ£ӰҲ塣ϣ㲻ҪǿͷҪΥϵ˼ʲôԩģʱһ̡
̫ƽȻ벻ȥ緢ة࣬ô̬ӵӣûˣһͷɥ;ĩ·ĸо
ǣ̵ʱأҲûܹѵܹ𣿡̫ƽЦ
褺˵㡣ʦ˼ѾˣʦˣҢΣҪͷ˭Ϊͷأ㣬ǻ߰ɣʦúϢɡ
ܵܣҲΪ𣿡̫ƽֻһƵúܣһѹţ²
ة෿ϵĳһƬڵϡ
ѾǶͭӣӵһŮӣŮԺĲϯϣʱʱҡӡ
̫ƽúŮӣҢա


596 

̫ƽ㣬һ߶ġ
ǣպȻ˫һӣ̫ƽУ̫ƽԹһ𣿡
褺˵㣬治òҪȥˡ
̫ƽ˰֣Ңáһǹȥһˣ˵ʲô
ҲȥˣŮӺԺһСģ̫㡣褺
̫ƽ˵ͷ߹ȥ˵
ȴվЦҽǹȥ̫ҲԪĸףҾԪĸ㣬Ԫδޣԣ㱾ýһĸȻĳվţšҲӦõġ˵ûе
ôһϵ̫ƽˡ
ɡ̫ƽںȽڣˬشӦˡôҺ£
Ҹϲ˿ܹ㡣պȻ˵֪İɣ
̫ƽҡҡͷҢǰ˹֪ΪΣҪ˵Ļ
ҡҡ˵˲˵ҸͰ˹ףҸ绹л̫ƽ֣£Ҳἤŭ˹Ӷһϲ±ɥ¡ҸĽܹεġ
̫ƽԾðɣȻ˵Ǿΰɣ㾿ʲôأ
ҺҸΪ㸶һУεĴۣȴİõļ޸̫̫ʵ̫ƽˡվĿƵص̫ƽ
Ϻܶ鶼ǲƽġǿƽС顣̫ƽ˵
ŶЦСˣЦҲǺܶҶǣȻΣҪΡ
Ҫôȥأ̫ƽ˵
ҪȳҸ磬ҵҪܼ򵥣Ҳȥʲô˹ݡ˹ҪףȥɣǲںҸںģϣ԰Ҹȳ˵ĺ档ƺ̫ƽӦվͲ̫ƽߡ
ԭ˵ô࣬ϣҾȳҢʵ㲻˵ҲһֱŬˡ̫ƽЦ
ҲûпŬֻ֪ܾȳҸ硣ҲֻҸʰġյ۹⣬̫
ʱŬΪ˸˿ģѾˣʲôʹŸķչô磬Ҹеܸˡ̫ƽЦ
ˣֻҪҸˡ˵ҶͱˣȴƽԴңܾȣҸղ˵ʧִˣԭ¡
Ҳ˵ˣ̫ƽЦ
ס̫ƽ֣ЦҺȻ֪ҸΪʲôϲˣΪҲϲ㡣ߣȥ
̫ƽЦˣղǸӣ֪ǳ˵仰˵仰ܸˡ
̫ƽˣһжܹ費ֻ˵̫ƽˣɣˣٲһŮԱȡ
ⳤˣҲδǺ¡ܶ౯ˡܶ߶Է
Ȼ褺㡣
á褺ЦΪûôֻôƯŮӡ
յȷе֣ԲԲСĴ۾
ôôûò㻹ҵѧŮӶôֱӹȥˡ
Ȼ褺ةѧƽʱնסŮԺģ⻹褺յһΣ˽ļ档
褺Լղţ̫ͻˡ
ǣѾת뿪ȵ褺˵ԲʱյӰѾˡ
£ܵܣˡ̫ƽһݸ褺㣬ϻһԺ÷ЦȻ˳ֵġòû뵽嵹ǾɵĺܣɼҲǸɵĹ
㣬˭˵òˣֻǾﳤ˵㡣ʵȴһһĺá褺˵꣬ɵˣһǸˣղűӦֱֱĿġ
ⷽš´ֽɡ̫ƽǸ褺մٴμĻء
褺λ᲻أǣ褺ӹźãȥˡ
ʱʹ
̫޹һԺ䣬Ϸһɫϣݲ԰ס
̫һӺݻϷ˶档
˶ˡ죬űͶ
ҩζ
һ飬һֱףȻǳ¹Ĺ㱾ӦýҶٻΪʲôֻǳ¼ҵŮճأ⾿ô£̫Ȼʵ


597 и

Ϸ˳̾˿˵ʵ¼ŮԭǺҷйԼǣ¼ŮȻ˽¼Ϊ£ͽҷĽ飬ҳ˳¼ҵŮԭĳŮޡԣ⼸ʮһֱԳ¼ŮȥҶȻ벻һ죬ҵʵᱻ˽ҿ
ԭˡ̫ҡҡͷ¼صûܣһֱǲ֪
¼ȻҲѪԵϵһֱҲΪˡϾǶҵĶˡϷ˵̫ԭǡ
ʲôʱ˵ҪˣҲǱƲѡ˵ˣЩΪ̣ҲΪǳ͢˲ٹ̫͡Ц
л̫ϷЦ
˵ţȻ˵
̫˵ɡҲҪȥϢˡ
̫Ȼˡ
ˣĸϷ˾һݡ
úӡϷ˸˵ų֣ų΢΢ĶЦŻӶһܺðɣжþҪأ
ҪءˣĸڻʹһֱûйТˡ
֮ǰ㲢֪ءϷЦҲ̫¡˴ϢĻᡣ
ĸҷҲҪģǣʱϰҷ˾ӪҲ֪ΪΡ̾˿˵
Ȼ£ĸӪأϷ˴һ
Ҫʲôսأ
ϷܾûĻúܣڰвʲôأ
ҡҡͷ˵ҷߵļߵʱ򣬲û˵ôˣĸʲô𣿡
Ϸ¶ϾȻﶼ͸¶ѵǡ
ĸڵʲôأܲҪҵķְɣˡ֮ǰҾ͵ˣΪҷܻϴ
ǣҵ˼ֻǾãǲдˣǰʱ򣬻ҪȸʱҲˣѻǶ˾ӪϷĿϬ
˵ݶ˽ˣ᲻Ϊ߹ص飿˵
߹ص¡ѾӺҵĶˣЩ£̫ƽѾ˵ǾŻӵ£ǱɵأϷȴǲŵġ
ݶ˽Ѿ£ȴ˼ƺ飬ôᰵе˾Żأȸʱ򣬻Ͽǰе˸ȸϵõӺıȻģΪӺıˣʹӺʧȥ˱ȨȻȸҵʱӺﲻκεæϷ˲̹Ͻ
ȻϷ˸ûѪԵϵôǾһٲֱ˴ˡ
ҳȻڻʹҲҪЩϺͳ֮ĹϵŸ㡣
ϷҲΪ롣
˭֪ȴһסġ
صԼк󣬳˼룬ﲻ
Żֲܰڸϣ˵ҲûУ⻳б׺˼룬Ȼȥʹֱȥʻϡ
ʣҷȥҪԸ˭ҷ᲻ΣգʡɲԻ˰һ⣬ʹûķӾ棬˵ô룿˭ʲô𣿡
ûûСŵġ
ǲ㣬ҪˣϺȻζЦ
һڰʾʲô
޵ȷҪЦ㲻Ҫ̫ࡣ޾ãϲ
лʡ˼㱡òġ
һֱܰ䲻ȵģкõʹ͡Ժκһ˻н͵öࡣ
ȲҪ˵ˣСһԪܻܰϲ
۾ġܿõġ
ãƭ
ƭĿģΪóġ
ϸҪܰҪܰȥûϸ˵顣ڣҪܰ
ԽԽ£ţҪȥʹȥ̫ƽ
˭֪ͱһŮסˡ
ƿһǹŮЦȥһȱˮ
̧ͷһʫͤͤͷһ򵥵ķΣһüϸֳϴһɫһɫĳ£ųЦ
Ц͸ϡ
Ϊߵ̫ۣ࣬ʹӦˣһе£ֻһС
ʫų߽԰Уߡ
ԺɽһĨˮ϶ǵ
ȳ֮˵иܺȲ裬Ҹȵˮȫա
лܸж˿ȵˮᣬüë


598 

ʫ˵һˣ˵лл̫ˡ֪Ҫȥأ
һ֧֧˵ֻǳȥ
ʫüЦȻԸ˵ͲҪ˵ˣʵͷ̫࣬Ҳֻǵϵƭˡ
ûСҲ֪̫ƽʫ֮䲻͵ģԣû˵
ʫ˵ȥΪ˴棬ǵǿԵģΪʲô⡣ҵ㲻Һˣ㿴Ŷӣһиʧأ
˵ţȻöһ
ôˣʫĵ˵ҪҪ̫ҽ
Ҫˡлġ̾˿ӡ
ʫ˵㿴⻹ûأӾͲˣҪô·϶еʧģ⻳ĿǻʼҵĺӣһҪ
ôһͨóȷùġ
·;ңԶΪ̫ƽһ׵£̫ƽҲδܵó׵Ĵ𰸣Լʧʵǲ㡣
Ȼͷ˵㣬˵ʫƽĺܡ
ʫ
ʫѾǰѸ֮󣬶¡
᷿µﻭüȥҲզզĽš
зһ̴ӵĴʯϻһֻչ߷ɵӥ
ﻹĵϰ𣿡Ц
ֻڹҲţˡ˵Ƕġʫ˵꣬ȥġ
ʫ˺øУԸǺõģƵġ
ʫʳݹȥҪҲιһ£
áҲǷǳˣӹιʳġ
ʫǺͳʼһιʳġ
ߴߴģǳϲ
㿴Ÿľôϲ㣬ɼԵ֡ʫЦ
ǻöлأʶôɰЦ
ʫ˵ˣҲҪ˯ˣɡ
£֮ǰԵ޾˺ܶࡣ
ʫס˵Ըңʲô˰ɣ
Ϊʲôܹʲô⣬Ҫʱأһ
ܼ򵥣ϾдҪʡʫЦ
һô
ѽʫס˳֣ЦôС
̾˿˵ʵҲΪҷ顣
ûпŻˣŻȥأʵҲҪءʫ˵
˵ϲ֪ˡ
ԭŻǱˡʲôأʳӣѵẦŻӲɣʫЦ
ͷüΪʲţҼ˻ϣȴңҪþŻӣҪ֪ҼҷһֱӣڻϺȻ˵ҪҼҷܾã鲻ô򵥡
Ǻ鰡ҪӾŻˣϷԣͲҪˡʫο
˵Ĳõ𣿡
ʫ˵ͷ
ЦǾͺáġ
Ǹиġңҿǻͷεĺ˵պʲôʣֻҾˣسԶȥνѡ鷳ʫЦһá
̾˿˵֣ղһΪǳѣôһ˵ҷԵûȻˡ
ʵʲôֻҸ죬һ泩ˡͲǳˣԲԣʫЦ
ǣ⡣ˡ
ʫɢŵһζһĨ뻮һһԵ͸ǵ鶯
Ѿݺʫͷ˵˵ǲҪþŻأ
ʫЦҲãٵҲաⲢҪġղĺܺã֪ǱˮĻ̥ҩóöӲӶ˹ǳͻܸ߱
ϻۣơݺ˵
ʫһ裬ڴ߳һڣ˵ȥһ飬Żںδ
ǡ
ʱ÷԰̫ƽԪԼˡ
ںӱߣźϵĴֻӭ
̫ƽͷһ٣Ƕһ챦ʯӣɫȹ
绪ޣˡ
Ԫ˵̫ƽˣϰѾŻӵ˾
ʲôط̫ƽԴʡ
ӪǾӡԪĿϬ
Ҫд𣿡̫ƽ
ֱ͵ҪȥȸʱһģһϻǸϣֻһΣҪȥĴ˭أԪһ


599 Ӫ

ĸѾϺòءѾ򣬻ϾҪԸ˭̫ƽҲú֡
˵Ԫ˸̫ƽٲ㷢Цݺ㣬̫ƽɺãæģҼȥ㣬㶼ҡ
ⲻ𣿡̫ƽЦô̰ģһλټһΡģ
ҵŮˡôˣԪɫ˿ϣӳϵơ֯
ˣԭҪġĸȥ˳·ġ̫ƽվʱˣҪˡ
Ԫס̫ƽ֣˵㡣
ʮָ΢¡֣ʹȫһ顣
Ǽʱƿ϶Ҫ
ˡ˵ˣΣһȥʲô̫ƽԴһЦ
Ȼػ̫ƽɻ¶СŮ̬ȫȻûеΡ
Ԫóˡ
ȻϿƽˮʵѾӿ
ֱǡһͣ
һַֻϣЦ̫ƽʱ䵽ˣҪˡ
̫ƽѿԪ֣ǰ˼ֻعͷȻһЦټ
Ԫᡣ
ȻԪɫ멣˾ǵӪ
ΪԪǴ߹ȥġûбϳ
ŻܰȻ
ôˣܰЦҾ֪סġ
Ԫ˵Ż壬үүΪҪ֣
ܰ̾˿˵ʵҵڶ֪ΪʲôҪǻ˵ˣӪıȨҹܡ
ܹƹıȨôҪλöԸܣ˵Ϻ㡣ҲҪءԪЦ
ǣΪʲôѱȨ㣬߽̫أʵ벻ͨܰ̾˿˵
ҲǲܹõϸΰɣԪ˵
紵ôϵϵëԪ
ܰ˵ɳ󣬽˵ɣˣ֪ϲն衣ûС
һ߽ͬ¡
Ʈζ
ھӪﻹʲôն費նģܺȱ費ˡԪˬض衣
˵ȥӪƵġܰбЦ
ҵûȥһǱȽϤģΪҸȥһᵽףԪϾ͸һ
ܰԪļû˵
ܰǲ˵ȥˣȥˡ໰ο˵ģΪ˭ԪҲ˭ܹǹȥıˡ
ܰΪһˣҪԪֻҪ顣
һ֪˿ɲˡܰ˵
֪ˡŻ岻ΪסϰɣԪЦҴʶһҵļֻѻ
Ԫ֣ѻǷ˹ھվ
ܰһæվ
Ż壬Ҫ£ǶҵѡԪѻëһ
ѻǺ˲Ԫơ
ܰ˿˵벻˵ѾȻѻ
ǿɲһѻǶǺ빲ѡҿǰǵһԪЦҴһֻҪʱѻŸҡ
ܰǣҲ֪ôѻദ
ܼ򵥵ġҪѻദѻԼᶮøദҪѻʱ򣬾ͳдڣѻͻƽѻȻġԪסѻ˵𣿡
ֻѻ˵ͷ
¾Ȼôѻ𣿡ܰüֱǡ˼顣
ǵġԪŵ˵
ʹ
ҿ䣬ܘȹϾŵȡסϹȶ
ΪЪɽܽԺǰһһԻźЩ࣬͵ġ
ǽһƬɫϵһӣǼѬ⣬̨ϰϸҶӱ
̫ƽЦ벻ĸڻʹȴôݻĵطũСԺһ͸ŹӺʹࡣ
Ϸ˿ϣԼ˵̫ƽʵҲҪݻǣ¶Բ̫ﰡ
ĸ⻰ʲô˼أ̫ƽһ
Ϸ˿ڲ˵ںδ
ȥݼ̫ȥˣܱ̫ˡ̫ƽ֣ϷƺҪ̫ܿƽ˵
Ϸס̫ƽ˵̫ǲ˻ϷԣȻңһֱڡҲ͵㣬Ϸˣ̫ѿ𣿡
̫ƽЦϿһҪʧ𣿡
ҪģǶܡ


600 Ӻ

ϷȴûаѶܸ̫ƽ
ãϳˣЦ̫Ǻˣʹ͸ܺܶױ
Ϸ̾˿˵ϧˣܳףҲۼˡ
ϸϷ˴˵ĸףҪԺҲᾭʹġ
׵գˡ
ڣһƬϲ
ĳй˺ÿڣϵ
Ѿʼ㣬׵ס͸ÿ䡣
ôͭǰŶȻ˺þá
⼸ͦõģ̫ƽЦ˵ǶҪ𣿡
ʹһЩ˷Ѱԥһǰ׶ȥɣ
Сϲͺá̫ƽЦ˵
ܹ޸Ӻ˿ĵ顣
ȻҲԪǧ𣬵ѾĹŮˡӺӺϸܲŵԡ
ʱѾæĽŲմˡ
ϯĴھͿʼæˡ
үףٿһ¡ܼҹĽӵݸӺ
ϡеģᣬƣкס
Ͱȥɡ
ԭЩǲҪӺԹʵģӭȢܣʱҪдԪ̫ƽˣӺǺӵġ
еǰѾãʱ򣬼ʮƸӴ߹פۿ
ˣˣŵѾ߼Ҵҵ˽
ܶʱ
ý㡣ҿҿɲܳʲô
İɣѾƯˡҶҪϲˡ̫ƽ˫ִܵļ˵
ʱӺӭ׵ĶѾԽԽˣͽҲԽԽ졣
̲סߵڣҪ˭ӭס
ֻϣӭ׵Ķһﳤǰһ˫־ӭ׵ľӡһ̧ڶм䣬ͨɫӵĶ˻һŴĺ챦ʯ
Ͼ͵ˣ쵽¥ȥ׼ɡܹ˵һ֮󣬻ǲĵԼֹߴٵ
ãȥ̫ƽЦŵͷȻܸϺͷ
뿪ˣӣҪѧԼչԼԡ̫ƽ֣ܵ˵
Ӻӭ׵Ǹ
ˡԪһϺɫĳԳӭӡ
үˣ˫ҾӺױдүġ˵գһŵݸԪ
ԪһʱЦˡ
ӺԪʾлҲŵպúչܡ
ллӺˡԪս˴ڡ
ʱ磬Թ˵ģ̫ܺƽһӭ׶ˡ
ӵһ̡ͻȻЩŵס̫ƽ֡
£Ҳһȥġ̫ƽܵ˵
Σ
ӭ׶ĴӵУĻϲ·ˡ

˿̣ӺѾϴŴι
ſڵһʯʨϣʺĳۣϣҲһ
ڣʯ·ԣϣһϲ·
дãѾһƬĺ󣬾̨ҲûзŹ
ϵǽϣһĺֵ֡档һɫ֦ľ輸ϣҲŽĺС
ǰ񳯷͸»ǵͼ
үϵˡ
Ӻ˷ܵվȢԼʮܣӺǺܿĵġ
ȻΪӺӺ̲סҪȥӭӡ
ʱӺĸһȺСһƺƵſڡ
ԶԶĿһֵĹӺĴ󺰵ڣ
ʱֽһءӺĵĸû䡣
̫ƽԶԶĿӺԳӭӣ⣬̲סЦŶ˵
Ӻܿ㰡Գˣ
־ϲ޲Ҳͷͳ͵͵¡Ǳ̫ƽסˡ
ȥȥ
ӵſڣ׼õĻ豻
̫ƽܣ˻衣
ãã
˵ͽкУӺ߽
ʱѵյ
ͻȻڣܶʱȫһ
ϾҪˣ͵͵ܣȴֻܵͷԼĺ廨Ь
Űɡ
̫ƽһκݸܣӺźһͷ
źһҲҶ
ߣǰߡ̫ƽЦһӺ
Ӻ΢ЦŶ̫ƽͷʾл⡣
̫ƽɿһɲǡ
һͻȻ
һء
ͻȻϵĺ˽ϸ
ʽеĺ˳ʱһ˱˶
ڣ򼸺ÿ䣬ϵıʮ


601 ܻӭ

ԲӣҲ˴Ԣӡ
ڴߣĶԼ
˺һܲŽ
ڴֺµİʽѾȥˣĶҹܵͨͨҵ
ʱӺڸϣǰصƱյ
˵Ǽٵġ
ϾӺõģǽӺô˼ǶԶʧĲ
Ӻ˺ܶơ
Ȼ߽˶
͵Ⱥˡ
ӺҡҡλεţȻǰһſܵĴϣ
ܺӺ㡭
Ҳ̫Ｑ˰ɣӦƿܵĺͷ
ǣӺȴܴϣأ˯ˣ
ܼˣԼѺͷƵˡ
Ӻ˿ûҪѹӣǺ˾ơ
ˡ
Ȼû뵽ԼһΨһһλ񣬾Ҫַʽճ֮ǰжãھжޡ
εأӺ˴ϣӱϣԺȾơ
ɰƣԭҪ˺Ȳ
ǣһ˺ȣԴᣬֱ
һʱӺûѹ֮ǰ˯øӳˡ
һƵʱʧˡڴߣӺ
ǣܸһĻˡ
ӺȻдʣſȥԭӺŵ֣Ȼǡ̫ƽ
ᣬͬߵһ
ܼסڵء
벻ܵ»ҹ
Լķɲ˾ƣġȻǱŮˣ
ǱŮˣܵĽ㣬̫ƽ
ܿЦţ˺Լϲӣ
ӰͷŪҵġ
ɢһͷ
أߵ˾ǰһҵԼǹ¶ħ΢Ц
ܺȻãԼԽħԽÿ
ٿɥĲ񡣲ȥǷƶ񣬲ٱصĵ¼
ܾ˶
ܾȻһЦ
⣬ȻһƬӰ
˭ܴһæ˳ȥ
԰ͦΣҶŨܡɽһϷ̨ܹʯ컨׺٣ƻҶУż¶һɫĹϹ£Ҳ˺Щˣ۵ĺܡ
ʱѾҹȻڲԶƵﻹǰģ̨վһӡ
Ȼ£һһͦο㻹ڵס͸
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㡭ʲôŵæˡ
ҵŮ˵ĳ֮գΪ˹һ㣬ҲӦõģŽģϧûҷҲֻôΧǽˡŷЦ߹
㲻ҪܼˣתҪӡ
ŷȴѾ첽ߵߣһס֣ܵ§˻
ſңٲſҾͺˡܴŭ
ŷȴһ˺ܵ·
ԽУôҶӽʲô¡ŷŵذͶȥ
ƴҪƿǲҽк
ŷܱŽ˲ݴ
Ϊոպ˺ܾõľƣȫȣŷѹȥе
ħܴŭҧŷ
ŷЦӺأôҪӣȻ˯ͷһ࣬ұȽԲԣ
쵰ܱߴ򣬻ˣ㣬һ
ŷЦһġ
һΣܱ۾סŷԼȥ
һʱ
ŷشÿ㶼ôϣһܸˣӺҪ㣬Ҳ̫įˡ
ܺ޺޵
һϡŷܵЦӺɲ׽ҪǽջȽӣһȥһҪֻԼˡ
룡ܺ޲ɱŷ
飬ǰŷѩݶ˱ܣ˵ңһӺ֮䣬ĳ¡
㡭ܴŭ
Ӻû㡣˵Ϊ񣬾ֵֵãŷаһЦ
ԥˣҲ¡
ŷ͡ٴζȥ
ܼҪϢ
ŷȻˡ
ܻڴϢ
ŷЦˡ
æ·߽
Ӻ˯
ذˣŷղŵ´档ˡ
ˡ
Ӻ˵Բܣƺ̫࡭


602 Ҫ˭

ûϵӺһ
Ӻȴܿʶ壬ЦܣԺһõġ
ڡ
һһ߸ߵ絲ţϿϲȵ÷ƹ磬һơ
žͷ
һͷ㷢Ҷ淺΢졣촽΢īɫб࣬´Ϻɫȹ
ӺܣȴͷҺӺӡ
ôˣӺЦܿ
̫ƽ㻹𣿡ܺȻʵ
Ӻæ˵ôȻʣ
ܿЦţԼҲŰ
ӺЦÿŮӶǲͬԱȵġ
ܺȻվӺ۾ǡҲ̫ƽÿôῴأ
ԣĺáӺסܵ˵ĺá
һͷ㡭ô֪
ͷԼҿģǣȴûйֹҡⲻŮӺһѰ§ڻǹȥʲôǶ¿ʼֻҪϧ˴ˡ
Ļԡ¿ʼ𣿡ʵ
ǿԵģһԵġӺҲˣҲǵãϡμģ̫ƽ
Ϊһɣʵ̫Ӧˡ
ӺǰһգְԱ˷
һٷˡ˵Ҫնףʥּ
ְĲɫ
ȻǸ˶һԿס
ְĴһ
Ǹ˳ȥ
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Ǹ˵¾䡣
ˡ
ְĿЦԪ˾ˣϾԿף߳η
䣬ѾԻڵˡ
ְĳû˳ȥ
ſڣ˽Ӧְģ˷Ͱʹ
ȻְҲǲȥģϾ
ԪȻȥһְģȥ̳
ǰһɫůůɫĵ񻨴ﴩڴڵһľϡ
̫ƽͷһ׹٣ɫĲҡһƬգ֬ĨӣŰɫӣߵľǰʼ١
ٹ˵ﴫϢְѾնס
̫ƽûֹͣ٣̸̸ֻ˵̫𣿡
˵ѾˣڿСһˡ
̫ƽ˵ͷþ
ٵݹȥ
̫ƽžӣͷ˵ϳˣˡ
ԪغȲ衣
ںԪ˵
̫ݶô𣿡̾˿˵ҪȥǣҲûʮȫ׼
Ԫָ²豭˵ϲѾҪӺ𣿶ǲϵ˼ˣ׿ڸ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ͷǰϵȻ˵Ҳͻ˵ˣôȥΪĸײڸϡ
Ԫ˵ǣϻϣȥ
˵ͷ
ְԪ˵֮ǰû˵ȥġ
ܻϾáǻܣй¶ɡЦʱ̫ƽˡ
Цġˡ
̫ƽְѾ뿪ǡҸɽ档ԪЦġһ
Ǳߣûз𣿡̫ƽ˿ڲ衣
ԪҡҡͷʱûС
̫ƽȭͷ˵ΡǱְġ
ģҿɲô󷽣Ҳڱ˹ȥ˺˵ġԪĿϬ
̫ƽ˵Ҳ˼ְĺûйϵ
֪ԪǿƵذ̫ƽסѵһְĺйϵ𣿡
ᣡ̫ƽƿԪûң
ԪЦˣ˵¡ϣαϣӺһȥͿˣ㸸׿Լװ뿪Ӫڸ
Ϊʲô̫ƽһ磬㻳ʲô
ԪҡҡͷҲֻǾã̫ˡ
Ҹ佫Σݶ͢вûһӦսҸ׳Ǻ𣿡̫ƽһĪǣãϸûҪҸı
ǣɼ˼ҲǶģǻϺȻ˵ǿȵ˼Ԫ˵ң˽ܰȥӪɼϱضҪдˡүˣһҪĴҪĶǶôأ
̫ƽ˼ϣַڶͷһϡѵҪԸ𣿡
ҪĿꡣΪҪҪɱԪ


603 ְĺͶ

̫ƽȲʱĻͣ
ָоǰʱְܸȸһġ
üëҲúܿ졣
벻ػһ̫ƽⲻ˻һ顣
ҾãҲְĻ֪ʲôԪȻ˵
ȥ̫ƽȻ̧ͷ˵
̫ƽҪȥְģԪһ
̫ƽ˵Ը⡭
ûʲôԸġԪʼ򣬡̫鷳ϾһȽԶȽ᫵ɽ·
ȥ׼һ¡̫ƽ˵
ã㡣Ԫ
ôҪ𣿡̫ƽһ
ӺԼˣҪ档ˡԪҪߣ̫ƽ˵¡
Ȼ֣ظԪһ졣
Ԫס̫ƽЦӺˡֵˡ
̫ƽˢغˣûء
ڴӵһաԪЦҡ
Ԫˡ
̫ƽͷҧ˵㣿ʲôѽǵġ
ЦﺦҲڲͬһء
̫ƽԼԺİպӾء
̫ƽ߹ȥ˵ӿվ˲ء
һ̫ƽֹͣȥ̫ƽ˲赹ˮ̫ƽڰ˵ˣѾ߸ҵ裬Ǽ壬ҿžͺá
Ӿ˵̣˵ְıնˣǲİ
̫ƽһɫӾܹǲǣ
ʲôҸױնˣİոǻһ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ָѾİˡ
İտ˵ҲϡЩֻ֪Ҹǲˣ̡Һòã
̫ƽ̾˿˵ǻȥָúáĲƲȥЩǻָˡ
Ӿ˵İգҪѹ̲û˵ǵĸѾˡһжתġ
Ӧ䷽棬Ӿȷİʤ˺ܶࡣ
İջһɥ
̫ƽȻʰ£Ǽȥָ
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Ǽû뵽İջǻΪİʧˣһʱȻסˡ
ټСӳ˶ʮ˱ģҲϲİǲǸİգǾ˵㲻ٹӣԲǡ
ҿϣǰɡش̫ƽԽ
ٰǾͿһʮֶׯŮӡһִֻſϣϴϵǳЦ
ԭλġŮ٢̫ƽ
̫ƽߣһİճòСӡ
СİߣֺȵָˣѵЩūŻָʶϸ˿˶ȫǾͲƽ֮ǰĴҪȻһͽٸţм
̫ƽӾ˵ⷬкáȻҪܳЩˡ
Щūű飬񿴶ˣˡ
ֻǣҪǽղӣȸǵ⻹ҪۣǲҲУǾֻóһ㡣
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û뵽һСӾôˣŵôҴһ£ſڵӶϽˡ
ǣӾİһһӡ
ӾȻ˵İգЩӹͱܡȥһЩǵ⡣
ŵͷΪҲָ֪ȻְûˡְĻиӣ˽֪ġ
Ӿ˵ǾȻ˲ڣҪѸϵˡЩūǶȻˡ
Сŵú
Ӿ˵ҪҲǲԡϾھͰȥҲܵõһӡǣǵ³᲻ãΪѾ޼ҿɹˣɥȮѵҵõǵȻܵˡ
ʲôҪģСֻܷԸǡЩ˵
ӾЦָһ飬ڶڣָʰãҾԿǡ
úúãūϾȥ졣æƺҵϣ
̫ƽ˵Ӿúܺáİպ󣬱˵ָˣɽҲڻ¡
ʱİҲ˱ˣ̣Ѿȫϡ


604 ּ

İղģҪ˵ôһͷҪˣҲϲ̫飬İվܹôණһһҲ˲ˡӾЦ
ǸиĳͶ̴֮Ƕ˲žͺˣȽȥǵļҰɡ̫ƽЦ
ΪûʰáһȦȥĶһƬߣ̫ƽ˵Ȼȥʰٽ
ܲλСӵסô԰Ӱɣһ
ǵȻǣҲˡҴżסһסȻһɳȥѾסǡֻǴ󲿷ʱ仹Ǹȥסɡ̫ƽЦ٣´ǣһʰá
˵ǰСӺױ˺ģλСжǶֻ߰ĺӡЦ
ǵģ˵ĺܶԡҪˣҲӦȥѧˣҸʦɡ̫ƽЦ£ͽīȥɡ
ָȻһ֣Ź̫ƽǰ
ֿ޵ǸҰǵַ˸ϳȥġ˵ʴȡ֮ǰҪּҼҲū澣㶼ԸǣҰɣ
̫ƽ˵ʲô֣
ūֿ˵
ھļ岢ء̫ƽһҼǵã֮ǰиɼҡɼҵʲôˣ
ֿ˵֮ǰ˶ǺܺõġǣС˹ˣϥӡҲֵܣֻһŮС۹ߵúܣߺܶˣϷ˶ֶ˳ȥҲָֻϣֻǲ룬ַȴϲңִô˵ַӲҪҸϳȥ
̫ƽ˵ȻˣѾ½ҵѾˣҸдֽȥ˵һ飬㾿ô¡
лܹлܹֿˡ
ī˵˽˸ϳȥˣ϶ԼҲ⣬ǻǲҪɡ
ָҲ֮ʣ˵ˣҲȲһĵϸΪʲôϳȥ̫ƽЦӣҲͷԵӡ
ĪǾͲǸϸī㻹ǻɡ
ָҲȻûʲôöģϸΣ˵ˣЩǶʲôɫҲˣ֮ǰʫɹˣʫˣͰƽЩ͵飬˵Ⱥ˲ϣֿ֤ܻǹν߳࣬īߺڣ˵˸ˣͱضǻġҲпܣ˱ĵġ̫ƽ˷Ľ͵
̫ƽεѾߣ̫ƽġ²䷳߶Ҳܵ
⻰еūʵؽǻ˱ˡūǶȻõġī
֮Ҫǵãûвõūţֻвؽˡ̫ƽ˵ꡣӾͷˣؿˡ
ڶ졣
ԪˣΪԪ̫ƽ˵õġҪ̫ƽȥְġ
ϰһͭοԲ¯¯һ̣ϢҲɢ
ˡȥĻˡ̫ƽЦĵãͺһɽ軨
ͷһ򵥵ķ٣úһᡣһ֧ббĲš
ôؾԪ̫ƽƺ
̫ƽ˦ԪϣЦҼʱǴؾ
㳤̫ÿ·޷ڵˡԪƤЦ
ᡣ̫ƽҧгݡ
˵Ļ㻹𣿡ԪЦ
㡣̫ƽֵݹȥһɰĵͺ
ѹȦֶˣԭǸԺɲҪˣҿ˻۵ġԪЦס̫ƽ֡
ô㲻ϲˣ̫ƽɰҪڵϡ
Ԫһֽסˣ˭˵ҲϲˣֻǸˡϽѺɰ˲ϣҰĿڵλãϲ˰ɣ
̫ƽһתȥԪ
ĺɶź漦̫£ǹĸ㡣
Ԫ֪̫ƽ˵ȴһΪ룬ⲻ漦Ҳÿغȵġ
ˣ̫ƽӾİ߳
˼ҲҪȥ𣿡ԪЦ
ǵģ̫¡Ӿ˵ʱ̧ͷͦأҲ߰ǳţּˡ
ԪӾͷ˵С㡣
İȴӵ˵̫ºá


605 

ԪЦİáλͱȽˡ
ӾЦԣ̫ϲİգϲң
̫ƽ˵Ӿ̫ģ̫²û˵
Ӿһͷȥ
ԪЦȳȥǴѾſˡ
̫ƽȻ˵Ӿǲϲ̫𣿡
Ӿ˫ֱءм˵ϲͿ˵ʲôûá
̫ƽ˵˵ϣǶദúúõġ
Ӿ˵̣ҪȥҸû㶼ûиء
̫ƽ̾˿˵ְûն׵ģְġ
𣿡İպӾöˡ
̫¾ְĵġ̫ƽ˵
ȥ
Ӿ˵̫£ԲҲ˵㣬л㣬Ҹס
ԪЦɱлҡҾְģɲΪ㡣
ӾЦΪʲô㶼ľˣҶҪлл㡣
Ԫ̯̯Цôأ
Ӿ˵̫ʲôȱҲȱСӵı𡣡
ԪЦǻ˵
İ˵̫£Ӿ£Ӿĵطǳġ㲻Ҫ⡣
ԪЦᣬǶǺӡͯ޼
ǣ̫ƽԪ
죬紵ҶһƬһڶ
ˡԪ˵
̫ƽһɽ·
̣ҸױôԶĵط𣿡Ӿһɽһ˵
̫ƽͷҪȻᱻ˿ġ
šӾ˵һԣǣİձȽϵôߵɽ
ҿԵġİնͷϡȴѾ亹졣
̫ƽ˵İգ磬̱ɣӵʺôҵ˶ġ
İ˵ҿԵģҲǡ
˭˵ǣһֱҵĽӾɷ˵סİյ֣İһ̧
̫ƽû뵽Ӿ¸ң¸ҵԱİա
ɡԪһѰİձұȽϺʡ
ҪԼߣİռˣ
İգҪǿС಻ãӦؽܱ˰ĻжͿˡ̫ƽĳ˵
ǡİ̾˿Һûá
ԪѱϵİնһЦ˵㡣
İЦˡ
̫ƽЦİգȷԽԽɰˡ
˿佱ˣİӵ̫ƽİȻǣ̵ġ
ΪӾòƽ̫ƽӾ֡
ĸɽߣɽֱꡣ
̫ƽӵԴ
Ȼĸˣڰɽһլǰͣ
ˡԪ˵׼𣿡
̫ƽ˵ֻǼһҪˣ׼ʲô
ǰԪЦ˵Ҫأ
İ˿˵Ҫ̡
Ӿģͻͻؼӿˣõ˵Һʵ޸顣
ǰһӳͰĸףһĸ׵ĸףһͯûгֹĸףӾְܶжٸأ
ǣҲѪԵϵءӾְĻǷǳġ
ƾɵС߰֩
ְĴżӵɫ£ڵϣһ档
ſڡΪְṩʳͬʱҲǷְֹ뿪
Ԫɲǰ׾ְĵġְĲߡ
̫ƽӴְģǰһμСʱְġʱְҲһ£ݡ
ǡ£ְҲдøɸɾ롣ͷҲûһ˿鷢
ֻǲͬǣְĵ۾ﺬųޣڵְĵ۾ȴûһʣޣҲϣϲá
ǽȥɡҲȥ̫ƽȻЩ¡
áԪǷǳƽشӦˣҴӽȥϸ
лл㣬硣̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
Ԫͷ
š֦Ѿһƿˡ
İ˽ȥӵؽ˾䣺
ְ̧ͷЦӣлл㣬Ԫллİմ
İ˵㻹𣿡
ְ˵ڻšúӣ㲻Ļ𣿵뱧㣬ֻ뱧㡣
İձһᣬˣİվͰޡ
ܹȥˤְĵĻһ
ӾЦѾˣ㻹һӰɣ
ְ̧ͷһ˫Թ޵ĺ۾
ֵܣӾİ֣µؽ˵ҵ˫ֵ̥ܡ


606 ԭ

ְĵ۾Ͳ˺Ѫ˿ˡ
˫ְ̥ĴһӾĿʱĶڲ
ѹ벻ɣ磬ȻҵĴڡӾѾˡ
ְǰʸ֮ʹõпӣȡӡ
Ѫĳ棬ְֱ»ʱȫ
ʱϾǱǰӣȥĺ
ˮжô䡣Ͼһճĺӡܻ
ְģֻİա
ôˣְһֱΪһѾˡ
˭뵽Ӿû˻վְǰ
Ӿģİһģһ
ⲻİյ˫ֵ̥ʲô
㡭ӾְĿЦ֮Խ֣ΪϾ㣬Բԣ
ӾЦ棺˵Ķԡ
õ㡣ְȥ
Ӿȴͷȥôˣ㶼ûңڲ֪ҡʲô
ǰʲô
ְĵ촽֪㲻ԭµȷʲôԲ㡣
ӾʵΪʲôҪңҲҪ
ԭӾһйְģôְģֻΪʸ𰸡
Ӿôĵĺӣô׽ְģ
ְĵͷĿ
Ԫߵſȥ
ʱԪԸǣ£ӦǸԼ
ӾİգԲҲԲǡְĿϣǿԭµȥֲġ
Ѿˣ˵ôֲ㻹ôֲӾЦ㻹˵ʱ򵥣ʱѡΪλôͿأ
ְ߹ȥץסӾ˵ԲǺܺͿǲͿͲʫĻ
ڵȻ԰еζƸʫǡ㡣ӾЦ㣬ף
ְĵӣȻһ
벻ԼĶӻԼ˵Ļ
ǣӾ˵ģҲǶԵġ
ְĵȷǺס
ǣԼָԼְĵǲܵģֲܷʲôֻÿ˵Բ𣬶ԲԺӱضǺáֲǺòãԺҲ׷»ֻúõǡ
ǣˣ̫ˣ˵ˣİա֮ǰּ˼׵أôˣҪˣҸ㣬ŶûУǱǿǱ㸻һеһˡûʸԭ£ûʸϡԼҪǣڡҲǲ㣡ӾϣְϺϣ˺ķ顣
ְؿӾӾĺְһģһ
İգԸ
Уְ˵İգԭµ𣿡
İտ˵ϣ㸧ңǣʫŰҵʱߣڣҲҳͷһеһУҴʫǶԵġʱʫᣬңĶӵĻֱһĲֵ
ְĿЦʫң֪
ѵԼû𣿡İտ˵ΡܹҵĻһθеĻᱻʫת𣿡
ְĵ˵ͷǣ˵Ķԡǣֻһ䣬Ըٸһλ𣿡
᲻ǸģԼ᲻ȡİնְģҲǾˣΪڴ;ĩ·Ļڶôˣмιأ
Ӿ㲻ϲ֪ϲԼ֡ӾЦ
ȥҲڲͬˡְĿ˵Ǳ֤
ǣ˶ˡӾЦᡣ
ְĿİգİգ֪һֱǶµĹԺӡ
Ҳˡİճ
ΪҪİձƿޣӾһѰİȥ۸
İաְû뵽Լϣûˡ
ְʧȥһСֻʣһ
ô滹û𣿡̫ƽʯͷ˵
ԪڲһѽӦò˰ɣ
ҾͲˡ̫ƽ˵磬ȥְġйرǵܰɣ
áԪ߽ȥӾİվ˳
ְӹŵʱ򣬿бŵӰ
ְľϳˡ˲̫ƽ
Ԫ벻ܹҲˡȻˣΪβְĿЦ
ѾɥȮһ㡣ͲҪҪô˰ɣԪ΢΢һЦѱϡ


607 й¶

ְĿЦǣҵľˣǷһҪʲôڿֱ˵ˡ
Ȼ˿ԪЦ
վһһƬѵõķ羰ߡ
ֻͬǣԪӢְĸӳ졣
ְĵ촽ϣеϸ룬˵ɣеĳ졣Ĳɣ
ңּҵĴұͼʲôԢ⣿ԪЦ
ְĿЦʵҲ㡣Ĳ֪֪һֱҪܡʵּұųն֮ǰҸ׾ʹûи𰸡
ּҵĴұôܻ᲻֪ԪЦŲţҡɱ㣿
ԪѱְĵĲϡ
ְĴЦɱҡҲ֪ܣΪĲ֪
Ԫȴš
ѵãµһʸȥƭּҵĴұٺãһʲôôѾǼˣҳϳһְһƺ
ԪҪȥƣְһԪٷһְһơ
˴
̫ƽȽϳ֣æһԭԪְڴܡ
ڼغְ֮ľ͸ʰ·ˡ
ԪƱһס
Ʊڿлһߡ
̫ƽҲΪƱһˤڵϣˤɷʱǾƱȻƫУӽϡҺ
ù򡣡ְ΢΢һЦԪе书ҪãЩ书ʽȴһˡ
ԪЦ˭
ҸסְЦʦ˭
Ԫ˵ǱӺȳģʱѾĸ˫Ӻ˲ʦ̵ҡ
ЩʽѰʽְЦƭҵģΪղʹľּҽΪּҵĵմӵܣּҽϤˡ
ȻˣΪʲô㲻ּҽأԪЦ
ΪֻѧһּҽʱּҾͱųնˣҲûлȥѧˣֻ벻ȴϿּҽ
ϧ˵ĲԣΪҸ㸸״ûм档ԪЦְģⲻص㣬㲻ܸܰңͻԶҹ
͹ҳ˱бĵطȥһ类ܱһӰȫءְЦ
ô룿ԪЦ
ȻˡԼҲ˵Ѿɥ֮Ȯһӵȥأ١ܲҵĳԴְĹЦ
ԪҡҡͷαװˡְģǸϲɵˡ㲻ⱲӾסġ
Ҷ˵ˣ˶䡣ְĿЦԪҪģﶼǵòġ
Ҵ⣬ȻѾĻȳҾͲֶ顣ԪЦĴ˰أһӲȥģȻҪҺţҾ͸ŰɡͿĵù˭
ԪתҪߡ
ȵȡְĺȻ첽߹ܲܣҼܹ
ԪĿϬΪʲô̫ƽ
֪Ҳ룬ʾһ¸ллչҵӡְ̾˿
һĻ㲻Ҫл̫ƽΪΪչӵġԪЦ
ǡܲҼְĻĲġ
ǲܵġԪŭ̫ƽҵδޡҾ㣬Ҫٴ⡣
ְĵͷȥǳǵġ̫ƽġ
Ԫ˳ȥ
ţˡ
߰ɡԪ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽһְ˵𣿡
Ԫҡҡͷǣŵ˵綼˵ġ
߰ɡӾ˵Ǿİգѵ㻹𣿡
Ҹ̡İ룬˾
ãİգ̣һúñ㣬չ㡣̫ƽ˵ͷȻϣθС
Ƴϣ͸ζڵͭӭ𵴣
·ϡ
Ԫ˵һɽǱȽΣյġ´Σһˡй¶ְĵĵַ
á̫ƽȴͳصӡ
ڵ˶
ʱӺϣϰһԲʯͨȻɫѵﻹһöǮҡ
ôÿʯ߳̾
ǿģǸʸҳǰʹ͡ӺЦĿᣬϲ𣿡
͸ʯ޼ֱ֮ܿš
ҵޣ޼֮͸㣬͸˭ȥӺЦôˣ


608 

ΪʲôҪôãֱܼǿ޵滨꣬γϣ
Ӻסˣ֪Ϊο޵ôģôˣôˣΪʲô
ʵԲ𡭡
ӺҲɵӣܣʲô𣿡
ʵָܵжΣǣٴҲ¸Ӻġ
ȻӺٴҲȻ²νε£ָڶҹաŷһˡ
ӺʣܿЦûʲôһΪ̫ж˲ſ޵ġ
˵һӱãҵĻġӺסܡϧ£֮䲻¡
ԭӺܲûм֮ס
ΪĻΣӺѣ˵Լ¡
Ȼܲû¡
ǣܻܹõͬʱ˽£죬治
Բ𡣡˵
˵ԲˣԺ˵֡Ӻֵҵӣʲô£Ҫ˵Բ𡣡
ǲ˵ʲô£㶼ԭأЦۡ
ôʲô𣿡Ӻʱˡ
ûûУֻ֪ôشġܵǻװ
ǵȻˡʲô£Ҷԭɲܹ¡ӺȻ˵
˵ҲԲġԶ߹أҲ
Ӻжˣֻǣһ˶ؿշίˡ
ҲһˣԶЦȻЦе١Ĺ£ӺȻֲˡ
һҹӺ§ܡ
ǳӺûܣӺȴ֣ԼԽԽˡ
ܾͺһůӺůӺĶ
Ӻ֮ܳͰ˹ĻҲˡ
Ȼٰ㲻Ը⡣Σǻϱƻ飬ҲҪӡ
˹Ȼ޸ҢɲްΪǹλ˰˹Ҫʲô
һԼ˺üʲô߳£ٴμˡ
֮ĪɣҲǹѡġǰ˹Ϊġ
ǣ׺ȴǡԸ˹
˹ǳ˽Ҫɱࡣ
ڷĹУִ˰˹
˹ޣϸǰ״
Ҳͬʱ̫
̫󲻸ˣ˵˹ҲСˣȺ޸ɣҪ㣬ϵദãҲҪԼûΡ
˹˵ǲã飬Űң̫͸ǣ
ȥټһǻǶ㲻ãǲҪµ˶ˣͿҸأ̫̾˿˵˰ˣҲСˣҲӦöη̷ιһͥϵҲܹˡ
˹˵ҾͲҲҪȥˡҪɱ
ˣǺԶȰȴӲҾãȷҢ⡣⣡
˹ίˣ벻ҲĮˣããҲˣˣ
ˣвޣá޾׼
˹Ȼû뵽ϻ˵
ǸһֱԼΪĸαĸأôİˣ
̫˵ˣѰ˹ȥ⼸գԼȥͨҪˣ
Ĭ̫
˹رȥˡ
Ϸ
ˮ棬ʪ
иո˱߽ͣ˾
Ѿ߹ȥһ裬ˣȵζġ
°ɡпЦǱϢûУ
Ѿ߿˵㻹ǲҪ֪Ϊá
ô˵ǾѾϢˣϿҰסѾߵ֣Ŀﺬڴ
Ѿ̾˿˵ǺϢū͸ˣū澲ϣʧѹ
֪ĳ綼Ҫ֪ڸҰɡпЦ྿ôˣ𣿡
Ѿ߿˵ûˣѾ˹ˡ
ͬпѪ赹ڵء
еϣûˡĸˣҲ˽ˡһƬڰ⡣
ֻԼڻ֮С

в£Ϸԭ󽫾ĽʿǿʼĻ̡̻
ϣ˵м죬⼸Ӿͳ˼ϸڧ


609 ϱ

ˣЩԭȵϽܵи·ϾϽֻһŮϥ²һӡǸͽµʱ򣬸Ľ˵
УϽôãôԳ֮Σأҳ˵
ǣϽǺáҲ֪ǣϽûжӡͽ
Ź¾ǵˡ˵
ǣǸŮӣŮͳģͽǲϵңͼڧ
ҲŮӻӣȻжôܹ󽫾赹֮ʡڧأӦŽһģάŶԡĿ˵˭þĻɢĻôɱۣģ
ͽŭʲôˣʲôʸ˵ɱĻ
Ͻʱй£ԣҾԲģϵ˵
ͽЦҲ˵ǲˡ
ŭࣿϽȷйˣࡣ
ͽЦй£󽫾й£ȴʥּء
һʲôʥּǲûпκʥּ
ͽ칰˹˵뿪ǵʱ򣬾Ͷй˵жܡΪҸж󽫾࣬ͰʥּóˣȻһУ󽫾ǿҾͲòˣǻϵ󣬻󽫾أ
⻰һ˶ˡ
Цǲܹó˵ģ֪˵β
û˵ͽ˵꣬óһɫʥּʥּ˽ּ
û뵽ϾȻһţǿ˶¹ˣҲֻּܹ
ʥּܼ򵥣˵Դ󽫾뿪֮󣬻ҲǷǳѹġϷҪһ˳ȥӹܡй¸ͽ֮⡣ҽʵ󽫾֮ǰڻǰϹﲢ󽫾Ů󽫾ʵǲܹġ
ʥּһ˶ˡ
󽫾ȷϡ١ǣдСܣ˵в󽫾ŮҶǲŵġ
󽫾ˣȻ޶֤ô˵ô˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ȴҷʥּ
һԣܣ׿ڸ˵󽫾Ů󽫾Ϊʲôϡ٣ҲΪ󽫾ȥԭȻ󽫾ҲС檣󽫾ҳڷޣûиǼС檴ǼСҲǻʹ͸󽫾󽫾޸飬󽫾ƽʱֲھʱںԺﱼأԭ򣬵󽫾⡣
˼ǻ󽫾ͽǻ˵ûѹˡ
пˣұȻϽģڲΨһġ˿òǣ˶ѾͽģΪǿʥּ
ʲôʱ֪Ѿûˡ
άңʲôôأ
˭ǻˣа취ѹ˵˵ˣʥּҵϡҲӦ𣿡ͽƶ˵
˵ȥ
ϣ˫Ŀգüëһ
ȻСи׾ͰекǣеԸôôˣǱ˳ĵŮӣﻹǺܴġͺĻ䣬ǿֻڱ棬һۡܲˡ
ڴǰ˵ٲѹô찡֪֪Ӫشı仯Ҷ㣬˵㲻󽫾ŮĿľҪɢġݻ󽫾󽫾Ȼй¸ҡһҪչģѹòãˣֻѹִ֣ҪǲѹЩԭӵ󽫾ĽҲʧȥϣǾͶͽˡ
ǣôȰоûѹ
Ѿ߿˵ҼС˵ȥôźð
˵һǻϲµľ֣ҪҵأװϴӪıȨλȥٲѹܻᱻϵɱǸɾ䣬һ˰ˡ
ǿôأȾǹɣǹʵ̫ˣң󽫾ΨһĹⰡѾ߿˵
һ롣ǳ˵Ҿ͵͵Ĵ뿪Ѿ޿ɾҩˣҲǰװ


610 ҹ

ȻϣϣλͽϼʹнԻϵ壬ɳɱ֣Ҫиɱˡ
ֻҪһǾͻѳǱʹģǾͿ԰еıȨסʱ򣬻ϾӮˡ
Ӯң˭ӮңǡԲк󽫾Ϊҡ
ǣ̫ɽ֮ǰװͰĳ͵͵˳ȥ
ȻǸѾߣڴϣװС
ͽǷǸѾ߲еʱѾ˳ȥԶˡ
ǡ
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ҸܡԪЦˣϻΪǱɽɱˡỳɵϡ
ڶ죬Ǻһ˯ġûкӺһŷѵ㲻֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ԪһܣȻ˶ԴӺ
ǣԪûҪŹŷ˼
һȥǽŷʱȻһѽϮԪĽ
Ԫȥ֮ѡ
˭


616 

ҹĻڣ¹䡣
ֻҰİԪǰˣ˼Ĩ䡣
Ԫˡ
˵ĳ԰ֽϣŵֻڶһ۾⡣
ǣŷѩݶ
ôղˣŷѩݶݿΣ䵭ͷŷɻ١˫޴˿ڷƮݣǰ׹һԲ͸һ˫ɫ廨Ь
ǣŷѩݶڿԪʱ񣬻Ǵ˸ģ
Ԫ벻ҰɣŷѩݶЦ
ϴҷŹ㣬㾹Ȼû뿪ԪҲЦΪƾܾȵŷ
ȻֹһˡԪ㶷ŷҵġŷѩݶЦ
ô˵ѾͶŷˡԪҡҡͷȻǽīߺڣˡ֤һ仰ۡ
㲻ҪŷңǱáŷѩݶˣʵҲ㣬ʵŷҵˣҾǱġ
ԪһӦ뵽Ϊŷ
ŷʲôŷѩݶЦҪǣŷ׾ңֻ¾ڽͷΪһŮؤܻܲҲǸˣͲо֮Ϊһٻûб˾ȹ
㲻ң֪һٻȥҵӿܹñ㻹࣬ٿѣҲƫ·ԪԼظ˵Ϊ֪ﻹиġ
ģʲôûзʱ˰ΨһһӸ˹𣿾Һʱ򣬱һ𣿾ҿҪڽͷʱ˻߼𣿡ŷѩݶ˵
Ԫ̾˿˵Ҳ֪ôࡣǶȥˣ㻹ƽˡ
ƽΪһ˾ҡǸ˾ŷסŷװ󣬽̸书ȥɽͷĿҳɽţΪĶҿԼŷѩݶЦĵĻҾŷġ
ŷǲģ㣬ΪĿĲΪܻȥΪֻܻһߣûˣͻᱻԪɫ
Ͳġŷѩݶս˽Ҳŷס
Ͳ˽ŷףܱϵƭǿϧˡһһ㲻ס֮ǰ˵ץסܱȻܱҲͬʱΪŷΪʲôҪץأԪЦһɫ£õɫ£ڴһȦɫĲ֦ơҹɫҲڸǲӢˡ
ͲˣҸŷ֮ĹϵûκҲ뱻κ֪ܱҲǲ֪ġǰҵȻҪϷݵһ㡣ŷѩݶĿ
㻹ңͲĴ˵𣿡Ԫ͸Ͳм
˵ŷѩݶܲܵ裬ɵڱ֪ҲûйϵˣɽѾݻ٣Ҳŷװ£Ҫ˵˵ɣҲ⡣ߵĻŷҵ˾ͻԽԽࡣʱҲܲˡ
ϣ𣿲ҲߣһûɱŷиĿģҵĿĻûдﵽءԪЦ
֪Ҫȳ·ϵУ㲻Ҫˣиȥ˾ǵģΪŷѩݶ
ûԹΪʲôҪأԪҡҡͷѱóŽ洵˴
ֻ·һҲϲУΪðΣգֵ𣿡ŷѩݶŭרŸԵ𣿡
ΪҳŹ£Ϊ󽫾Ϊҵδ̫ƽ̫ƽĺѡҿûпգר㡣ԪЦ
ʱŷҪܡ
Ԫȥŷѩݶæסˡ
Ԫ֡ȻһȺѻ˹ŷŷѩݶǾһҧ
Ⱥ˷һʹޣʱˡ
ԪҲȴæȥ·ȥ
ʱϡ
˵ӣǱôǲأ
·ϡѹˣоб䡣
бģǣСвΨһϣ
ֻҪлصǣҵȥ󽫾ͬţϣҲʦκβˡ
оҪǿ
һпɽɽƴǱ֮ǰﾩǣҪȻͻɱ֣ͻΣա˵
ӡˡæ˺ԼȹԲ𣬶Ϊҡ鷳ˡ


617 ƽ

紵ĺ䣬ֵһͷܵһͷûзݵһ
ƲȥˣһƬ֣ɭɭģЩ¡
һ䣬ˣĩӦġ
ûʲôӦġԭԸһ𷴶ңȥ׷Ĺ»Ҳ֪Ҫҡϣңֵҵľģ֪ԺҸαءѾӯˡ
ֻҪãǶıˡǧٻԹȥˣ㲻֪ʱжżѽ˵Ȼ״ˡ
һþɳĽ£ֻǾȻһŮðߺˡָжְ档
ֻ뵽ǰ·ããж֮С
ʵҲؾǡо౳ԼȥھѾûҿԼǹҵˡ
ôūͣݣѣȥôΪһ˶аأ
̾˿˵˵öԡֻԼûá߰ɡ
Ԫ˹ӡ
һ̫£ôˣ
ԪЦǾǴˣ
ҡˡ
һˣ죬ԪҡҡͷЦ㣬ҿΪδ޹ġ㻹Ϊ˸˲Ͻǣ˷̫ƽһ𣿡
һ̫ƽģ
Ԫ˵ͷ
һϲ̶ʹ
Ԫ˵㲻Σ̫ƽںܺáеҲȥе˵ˣ˳ﾩǣұȻԱ֤㰲Ȼ
ϲ̫ˣ̫°ǡбˡ
пЦչ黹ǡ
Ҫ˵һӢܣܲϣʿŹܴ˴Ԫɫ²˳٣϶ɣʵŷ˺ܶΧǣǵøϽ뿪
áڻȡġ
ϡ
ϰһʯ⣬˶һھʯϻһëʡʶ˳
̫ƽд˼֣ͷ˱ʣߵԺ
īæ˹ȥһ޵ӡ
Ժʪ䣬Ҫʯͷϣڵϰɡī
̫ƽ˵ͷĿãĴ죬ٻˣȻַƽ󡣡
īжʱҲܽ겢ǵʱ䣬ǹū澵ģūˡ
̫ƽ̾˿Ҳ֪кͿôˡ
ѾȥӦˣûءī
ٳ˴ܼҺѡˣæڸˣ̫ƽȻͳī㡣
Ժһ㣬һ㣬һƬԵøۡ
Ȼ˽
̫ƽЦһףĻˣҲȻƽġ
ǵģܹȻޥģȷ̫ºﶼƽصˡ̫˵ϻصԣ̫¸ǰ˿ջסءЦ
һŵķˡ̫ƽЦ˾ͺãֻסջǳ֮أ˵ˡ̫һߣǷΣգҲɵӡ֮£ĪǻҪ鵽ǡֱ׾ٵ飬סɡ
̫˵ˡΪǣҪסӦס̫︮ϡ˵
ī˵һδĹס̫︮ϣɺͳأ
Īܹﻳ̫£һ
ᡣ̫ƽ˵
ī£ΪӱӦԼѧӣԼ֪ˣǹϣǹȻǸʶģѵҪװί𣿡
̫ȵҲǹĹѽ̫ҲΪ˰ܹҪȻ̫ȥءЦ
仰Ц̫ƽ̫ƽ˵Ǿס̫︮ϰɡô飬Ҳ鲻̫︮ϣȷǸȫĵط˵ˣҲʱȥ
˵ţȴ˵ڹͻᣬһŮӲμӡ
УȻжü
뺯ϣʫװ׵д̫ƽ
ī˵ʫ⣬ǲҪȥˡ
̫ƽͷֲɵӣȥʫͲ˵岻ʣؾ˰ɡ
ʱ˹˵Ԫ̫ƽ
󻵵ӻ󣬻ûףͶ˹Ҽ档̫ƽҡҡͷϲϵԳĿŲֻǵǺҵ
ҪҲ˰ɣī˵̫ģһܵȵټġ


619 в

Ȼ̫︮ſڵϣѾʰ뿪˵ȻҪߣҪҪܹ̫˵һ
ˣѾǶʱˣɡ˵
С̫ƽ˹ô˵Ҳ˵һҪأưҼģΪҪȥء
̾˿˵̫ƽʧˡԼûټˣһ߰ɡ
ȥأʱȥߣȰƽ˻ϵŭ𡣡̫ƽе֣ĳ˵ȥӢˬȥˣҪôҲҪǸ鷳㶼Ѿ˺ܶ鷳ˡҲٶ㣬Ǻ
п˵̫ƽֻҪˡ
һֱڰ㣬ԺҲ㣬Ұ棬ǶȻܵġ̫ƽ˵
̾˿˵̫ƽȻؿջȥһ°ɡ
̫ƽͷɡ
˵ܹĺˣһ˾һģһᱣġ
̫ƽˣֻ˵ͷһֱŵģʲôʱҪˣ͹ҡ
ؿ̫ƽһۣתȥ
Ԫǣһֻ˵ȻˡҴȥɣ
á̫ƽЦҲҪһֻ
ԪЦûұ㣬ܹһ˼Ԧһֻ𣿡
ţơ̫ƽŵ˵
ԪͷЦãˣǣ
һƥɫСܹˣ̫ƽһý١
Ԫ˹ЦȻˣҪϳʦˡ
ǣŲʦأҪʦ̫ƽȻһȭȥ
ϬƷӹңԪһץסСȭһֻ̫ƽ档
źţȾͱ˳ȥ
̫ƽȻıһ̫ƽ飬סס
ԪҲ׷˹ȥ
̫︮ϡҲһƬݵصģȻ󣬵ҲܹϼȦⲻ̫ƽǰܣԪں׷
գ̫ƽЦ׷ң
ԪЦҼɣһ
ǣҪһֱȥ̫ƽƤһЦ
ǿеѡֻԪһһĵ˳ȥԪܿ͸ˡ̫ƽ
̫ƽޣҪһԪȻ˫ٵذ̫ƽ
ʱ̫ƽֿˡ
Ȼ̫ƽͱԪ§˻
ᡣ̫ƽš
ǣԪѾˣȻŲſˡ
ݡԪЦ
Ϊ˲ˤȥ̫ƽֻ§סԪԹԵԪĻ
ʹ
ŷ׺ŷˡ
ôԽԽˣϰ񽻸㣬ϣŷң벻һжץٸϽأŷԹ
Ҳ֪ôȻͷɳôѻŷĿϬԪ̫ˡҹȥС
ԪһδɵëͷСʲô£Ҫ֣Ҳǹֳ̫ûˡŷŲ裬˵
ԪĲŻԶպԪҪ̫ƽ׺Է޵ۺʵԶ̫Ӹ㲻СΡҲΪ̫СԪˣˣʧŷ̾˿
εʧܡŷҵĴǱȽϴģϻСŷˣŷ˲˵ҲԪͶ
ʵҲ֪ܻǣǿ϶Ǳ̫ƽԪȡӴ˻϶Ԫֻ߿һۣŷ׾ͻͿˡ
ƶᷢת
ԣŷ׽ϣŷϣɫûϻת⡣
ǣŷ˵ϲ֮ˣҹҹŵǵ﹬¶ңѾʧȥȤˡ
ʫŷ׼ˣʫ֮ǰǹƯȼߵӡʫвȥ˰ɡ
ŷҡҡͷʫɵӣֵʢ裬ףȥʫ̸ף
ҲѡŷЦͳһƿҩ裬涼ɢֻҪóһ㣬ʫʳȥʫͲܻСһֻµĸʲôôأɲǵĵ·ʯ
ŷӹЦ֪ˡ
ŷ׾Ҫ߳ʹʱѥӲڶʯ淢ɳɳ죬Ȼһ˽еŷ
ת࣬ŷ׻ͷһŮ˿


618 б

ǣԪū˵̫˵ˣҲ̫︮ϣ̫רŴܹġ̫Ҳ֪ܹ֮Ҳϣܽһܹ˼֮ࡣ
̫ƽˡ
ī㷴༥⻰˵ģ˵ǹôƵģʲô˼֮඼˵ˡǹֻѶѣ᲻˵أ
ūźٺһЦ˵ĶԣܹܹߵѾҲ
̫ƽ˵õģھ͹ȥȷ̫︮𣿡
ǵġססڿջǿջ̫¸ģֻ̫ܹһ棬̫︮ϵܹءūŻشҲǱ
̫ƽǾͺīȥˡ
̫︮ϡůп̫ƽҲǿ޺۾
̫ƽ̫ƽⱲӻټ㣬ʲôˡп˵
УҪѹһжġ̫ƽοҸˣϲĺͷС
йȥϲС
УϲĵͷС
Ϊ˵õһֻͷУͼӵܴܡ
˹˾
ǣʱпУͷġͷģȻһȤûС
̫ƽлл㡣ǣѾˡдͷɥ˵ҪΪ˼㣬Ҷٻصǡ
ΪʲôΪ࣬Ҫʧȥһп𣿡̫ƽֱ⣬УȥǸÿɰֱǰأȥ˺δˣ
ȥѾˣվǰģһʬ⡣пˣ棬㲡
̫ƽס˵УѾǱ˵ķˣҲûˣ˰ɡɵĲȥµôأ
ҧҧ˵࣬˰ΪιңҺԶޣ
һ˲ף޸ӲסοΪԼ࣬úúõġǣȴԼݡ̫ƽͼн
˵һģ
ھˡһ죬ͶԸһ졣ûҪΪ˱ˣ˺Լ̫ƽе˵˵ˣֻǸͨӣֻҪ´ҵӣȥɣòã
ҡҡͷ࣬һʣΪʲôΪʲôҪӦͲŮ˳ף
ôڻż̫ƽɸֵ˵Уɵˡ㡣㣬ǻôأѾһˡβ㣬£Ȼȥ
йҲ֪ûã̫ƽ㣬Ҽࡣұ֤֮һģ
ҪģģҪ˵ʲôģ֮˵һЩҲᱻԻ㻹ôģУŮкܣŮкܣ˷ʱġ̫ƽϿҵ˵
ǣȥֻǿޣݺݵؿޣġһµģ̫ƽңһҪң
ֻԼ԰ԼԼ˭Ȳ㣡̫ƽˣٲôԵȥ󽫾УǧôԵ
ȴڵϣһ࣬͵ûþ˰ɣ͵ûþ˰ɣңҰɣҲûãҲǺˣ
ҪҲҴ㣬ʸ㣬Ϊ˾ͱˣ̫ȥǣãӵóŷϼҵΧ𣿡̫ƽֱ˰˶ȡ
ī˵̫ˡ
Ԫīɫۡüͷ˹
Ҷȥˡ
Ԫ˵Щܹһ˱øãЩȴĳЩ˱øУںߡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵磬ѾˣͲҪڿ˺òã
ԪЦҿȰ˰춼û˵㼸æˣôҪҰæ𣿡
ҪһȰģÿ˶뾭Ķֻǹȥ̫˳ˣһʱ˰ˡ˵ˣи༸ǴС÷ģ飬Ȼȱˡ̫ƽһЦ
ȴҴ뿪
㿴㡣жˡ̫ƽֵ
Ҷܣ࣬ܳܵסԪЦ̫ƽþòֳˡ
˵Щʲô˭þòˣǰղŸոռ˵ˡҼʱˣĪǺ˾ƺˣ̫ƽ˵
ûкȾƣһҵ;֪Ԫ˵꣬Ҫʹչ̫ƽƿ
йҪˣȥ̫ƽ˸ˡ


620 ʫ

űƽߣȹͷڲҡ㷢ơ
Ȼѹ˫ʮȴС磬Ͷ㶼ᣬﶼǻ֡
˿ˣĳĽмӡ
ū澲μŷ׻ڷ㶡ߵļŮͿʼˡ
ŷԭǵѹʡ˹ɫ㡣˼֮ס
ʫЦŷ˿ˣŷ˲Ǻ׷ͯգӢˬԽԽ
˵գδһЦ
ŷҲˣˡûмܵеùʫòջ
ʱʫﻰⶼ͸׽ŷˡ
ˡŷѾ
֪ŷûпաºȱ裿ʫȻЦ
пգȻпգ룬ϳôûпأŷЦ
ˣϺõϾ÷ʫŷ
ҡŷЦԭҲϲϾ÷
Ͼ÷ڸ̫̫ɬǱϲĲ裬Ǳ˵ŷϲϾ÷ڹﱸһռȻŷˣôܲѱ׸ŷأʫ˵ֹ࣬Ͷ㣬ǳò
ŷʶʫԼǶԱȣȻãȻԺŮڶࡣеʫᣬǣȴûһȵùʫʡ
˺񰮣ϳ֮ѽŷײɵǷ
ʫס˵ŷ֪ͺá
ŷȫȣ޲˹ȥʫѹ¡
ŷı㣬ҲѨǾǷ긾ˣŷ׾Ǻһڡ
⻹û׵Ůˡŷǲϲģ̫̫Щ
ŷϲŮˣһϾ÷Ҫ˵ģŷײϲžζ
ⲻʫŷǾɫŷ׵θڡ
һϾ÷ˡʫЦŷǼǵñ´Ͼ÷
ϳ´ܼõ𣿡ŷ˵
ֻҪģûԵ֮ˣʫ˵꣬תȹŷ׵ѥӡ
ŷ׼ȻýĶҪˡ
ֻҪϳǸѥɦҲܹЦŷײ°Ѱʾʾ
ʫЦˡ
ŷģҲû취
ʫֲһŮˡ
ʫǻϵŮˡ
ױ̨ǰˮ
ʫ޺޵ذһϾ÷˵ϣϺҲԼʲôҲФң
ݺæϾ÷˵Ϻ꣬ˣﻹҪ˷Լѣ⻹үǧ͹ģܹҲûмˡ
ʫҧгݵ˵ҪΪϺ꣬õŶЦ벻ʫȻһͷҲҪ΢Цӭˣ
ϢŭѩūҲ֪ΪҪȥŷֻϺꣿϺ̫ˣܹõ˵ģݺȰ
ū澣˼ǱϺˣʫŭĴ˵˵Ȳ̫ƽǱһֻϺ껹ܱȵùģ
ˡū澲˼ݺ˵Ϊ̫ƽݺᡭ
ʫ̾˿˵ȴ֪ڹֻһˣҲͲܹˡҲˣһʲôԼأ
ūҲġݺ˵
ʫɫͻɣôšñ˿ˣΪū澣󻹻ĸѾԸͶڱأ
ݺվ˲˵Ӣ˶֪Ͷġ
£ǧ￴ˡʫ
䡣йŮ˵ŷʫˡ
ʫĿϬˡ乬˵ҰˣҷҧһڣΪˡôʰ
ŷʫ̸󣬾˵ˣԵ÷
ʫæȥ
ŷʫûע⣬͵͵÷ʲôҩ
ʫԭûǣݺʫʹɫʫˣŷҪӺʫ
ǣʫ˼÷ȴ˵ҪޣȻûµˡ
ŷΪԼĵˮ©û뵽ʫ߸˸˲ݺ
ŷߺʫŭ˾ʲô
ݺ侲˵컯֮£ŷĵӣҲҶ¾綾ūѾǸԶ̥ҩ
̥ҩʫЦΪŷˡ
ŷ֪ʫͲˣ񲻰ڵˣ
ݺȴ²С


621 

ŶʫЦͲҩԱʲôӰأΪʲôСˣ
ݺ˵ֶ̥ҩŮ˺ڲƻӪƣʹ˱󡣡
ʫҧгݵ˵ŷԩ޳㾹˼ӺññϣòϵĻģõĺ˼ʹĻԶҩñ֪бˣӺȴ֪Լԭ򣿡
ݺ˵ŷͷԣ벻ô񶾵ļƲߣҲòôõĶҩ
˼ǣŷ׸Ķҩʫһ
ݺͷˡūֱԣŷҪֵĻӡŷĶӡ
Σǹȥŷ׵뷨ѾͬˡʫЦ
̫棬ŷı㣬ԺŮӶţë²ΪϲһŮӣ˻߸ıԼĿꡣݺѵ
㿴ɡʫȴģԪʫãûòµˡ
ְĵ꣬ΪʫɱӣҲԡ
죬̫ƽ˿ջЩ±Уȴ֪Ѿˡ
һһŮһʹˣҲ֪ҪȥֻǸǡٻˡƹ˵
̫ƽһŷĴѰУôܾʧأһץô죿
ī˵ҪҪȥһ˼Уȥأ
̫ƽ˵˹ȥʡȻȥˡ
̫ƽ˯˯ãг£ʱ䣬ͿҪӺ߹ˡ
߹ΣսһͷҲӿֳɱ
̫ƽβǳ
ص̫ƽԼϴһ衣
޹˵̫ˡ
Ĳʱ򡣡̫ƽ·ŸճԡŮеĺʪ
ҪҪؾˣǸԽ
̫ƽһ˭ؾˣ
Ŷ˵̫»ڴءūȥҩˡ
ǰԺůӻб֦ͷ
Ԫ֣ŪǶ仨
̫ƽˣ̫ԻҲʼȤ𣿡
ǽεεԪ飬һӾͺˡ
͸㡣Ԫͼˡ
̫ƽЦⱾҼҵĻ͸ʲô
ԪЦǲһҵĶδؾģǣ͸㣬ˡ
ߣʲôģ̫ƽһ
ǣԪٶȿ졣̫ƽûӦǶ仨Ѿ̫ƽŨƵķϡ
Ԫ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽˣᣬΪ˿һ٣
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˵ʫøġԪЦһϲֲ裬Ҳϲܾ̫Ũˡ
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622 

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ôˣץסУ֪ôĥأ̫ƽļ١
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623 ϵ˼

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̫ȷŮô࣬ӾȻֻԪҲ˿á
Ц󲻻ˣľǱȡЦΪǿʱȭͷ˵Ԫٸ˵һһԣ
ٸ˵ʮ䶼ҡԪЦ
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Ҫˣǳһѵ֮𣿾Ŷˡüë
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624 ̿

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ȻϷӲһϷӵıϣһϷϷһƣϷڿз˸ٵأϷӵˮһذףֱֱضŻ˹ȥ
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̫᲻룬ҪȴЩ̿ǲ֪ЩϷӸͲϷӣǴ̿ͣѵ̫Ϸ֮ǰûкúü𣿡Ԫٴɣ̫ľͲأ
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625 

ΪʲôڸѣҪ߼޻أԪζЦˡ
һʲô˵Ҫ߼޻Ϊʲôأʲôü޻ģ
ϸһ룬̿Ϳɶҽʹģõ˻ϣ˭ỳɵϣ˳ǻ𣿡ԪЦ
Ȼ˵ԶԶԣļݱˣôһǲģѲ˹ϵԡǲܼ̳лλġ
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˵˭ôݶأ˭ΪʲôҪأʲôôأ
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626 һٻ

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ǵŮ˻š֪šֻǣҪһַʽȥǡ̫ƽڵϣʹ
Ԫڷ⣬̾˿ûȥ


627 

Ԫ֪Ǽǿ̫ƽֻʱҪ̫ƽԼõġ
Ȼûãſˡ
Ԫ̫ƽһݻ˫ַſϣվԪЦһտŵ滨
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̫ƽҪ֣ǡԪȴ˳һ̫ƽԪˡ
еŮŮǸۣѷ֣罺ᡣ
Ԫ̫ƽҲ⡣
ʱС
·ϣ˾Ȼǡ
̫ƽ˵ЩˣùŶĻǻһطˣȥץȺȺûˣȺͶ࣬ݵؾˡһƽ⣬ͻᱻơڣҰҰ򣬻ܹǰǵׯڡʱ򣬻ģա
Ԫͷ˵ĶԡֹҰǣҰȥҰ򡣡
ǣԪ߹ȥҰǵˣץȥͬʱˣҰǷˡ
̫ƽ˵Ҫȥة࣬ةǹЩģة෢ģзԽⷨ棬ҲԽгͷ
ԪЦáһȥةġգȴúһ档
ʻš
·ߣһȺΧһСȦ۾Ĵģ񿴼һϡ䱦һ
СȦм䣬ڵ㣬ϾҪֻ󰡣
̫ƽ˵磬ǱΧŵʲô
ԭڶءԪ̾˿˵벻Щİ
̫ƽ˵³
㴩ô·˰ɣƿ͵͵ͿˣҹȥԪ˵
ǡ̫ƽƿ˳ӣ̽Դȥ
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֣ϿʼˡһСԲñӴߺšһߺһ߿Ŵҵġ
Щקżͭ壬Щͼ棬ΪһʱˬеǰӮЩ׾ݣ벫һ
ŻˣֻֽмƬȡ
ʱֻ󰷢ܵ
ͣĶų
ͣȺźУֻǶͷ߽š޲ðѶԷŪ
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ֻӮ˵еˣͰù˵ϡ
ҪɣɣһôЦ
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ΪЩеĶǸ˼ҡ
Ԫҡҡͷˣ㻹ٿȥ֪㷴ѹЩ飬ǿֹġ
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е˵нԶ
÷԰һһϦ¡
÷ѾˣǿлƮţþòɢ÷㡣
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628 

̫ƽֵǣǸȵˣȻһʿ
Ԫæ߹ȥǣʿȻڵϣһˡ
̫ƽ̽̽ʿıϢҡҡͷ˵Ѿˡ
Ԫæȥ
ȴһ˶ûУҪ˵ȥɱʿˡ
̫ƽôأԪüë
ѣʧѪġ̫ƽҡҡͷֵǣһϵġܹȣһɵʱںȵͬʱͶ˰ʹѡ
Ȼˡǰأ
ߡ̫ƽϣһѷɵݸԪ뿴ȾѪϱĵطû˺ۡɣ⴦˺ԲӡҲǾ
Ԫذףֵ˵ذҲ̫ЩС磬óڷɹȥӰ١һһʦõذأ
̫ƽ˵Ҳذ׺֣ûмõذˡ
Ԫ˵ҿǼذ׸õذףǺ١Ҳǲʲôʱˡ
̫ƽ˵磬Ǿ˭ôõذףֻΪɱʿأʿ˭أ
Ԫ˵Ҳʿʱĵϸϴŵʿ·опܰӪʵʿ
ǰܰйʲ֪ˣ̫ƽ˵
Ԫͷ֪ôˣ̫ƽȰʿţȻͻȥȻһȥһܰӪһʡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵춼찵ˣҲֻˣ̫ˣһ½һ·ôоЩ˻᲻໥֮й
˵ϴαװϷӵǼ̿ͣɱʿĴ̿ʵͬһˣԪͬѣ̫ƽ˵ֺγûеأ
ҲܾϵʿΪʲôҪ÷԰أ̫ƽһ˫۾ҫǹ⡣
Ĺ֪ˣҵʱ䡣һģҲҪעϢҪ̫ǳˡԪͷ˵
̫ƽ̾˿˵֮һˣǰģȴûЩεġ
̫ƽ㲻ҪʲôζԼԪ˵
Ԫ̫ƽȥһһ⣬š
̫ƽµҹĻͷʰŴȵȻһּ֮С
ּȸкǴ̫ƽȷģ˲͸ȫͺȻˮһ
˶ſڣ̫ƽ³ͷһڷж䳾ѸһЦ
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̫ƽ˽ȥ
Ԫ̫ƽıӰʧˣŻϣǰŵĬĬضųš
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ȻԪȥةࡣ
ةಡ齣Ԫڲǰة˵ܶˣȥɱҰǣɽҰǵĲƽ⣬ϣܹһģžֲɱҲֻȨһ֮࣬Ҳġ
ةͷл㣬̫»뵽ϳϳȻѾֻҪΪ¡ǻᾡΪģ̫¾İɡ
ة֮߷ڣȻֻ֪ǲ֪ة֮ʲôĽûУԪȻʡ
ةĲŻԪСʱ˵
ֻǿϧˣةⱲһֱ־ΪŮǰ̫ԭ򣬾˳͢ڲչʾ
ڣԪҪةһᡣ
ةɫʵӺܶԣȴûжʱڲӵʱ򱻴̣ӶĹӦͽӲȥˣ룬ĺˣôǻʲôأԣϳ䲼һġҪʱز㣬Գ޶ȣڴ泡ӵʱ򲻿Բԡ
ة˵ĶԣЩֻһʱĿڸۣ֮ȴ̬ʧ⣬ȷҪԿơãةݹġҾȥ֪°գͷǵŬ£һ԰ѴõġԪǳةࡣ
̫֪ʵЩ飬ϳ֮ǰǻ϶ϳܶة̾˿
ûϵһЩȥ߻үүġֻҪܶԽɽáүүܲͬġϾǻϵĽɽԪЦĿ⾼񣬡˵ˣһʱһʱѾˡ
ԸˡةȻԪ̫ǺŮԽԽˡ
ԼŮǰ̫మϧȴ̫˫˫ڻʹ
׷ͺڷ֮࣬ةᵽˡ


629 ҹ

ة࣬һжģĲԪ۾ʪˣסة֡
ةҲԪˣֻǣΪϲϣԪة࣬ԪΪֺûϣûϰˡ
ٲϣԪ֪ģةԪĺá
˵һҪѡһ֮˸Ƶ۵ĻˡһĵѡԪ
ⲻΪأΪ˵Ʒ
˴ǰ̫Ӽᶨάߡ
Ȼǰ̫ѾˡǣǾҪ
Щ뿪˳͢ģǣԭֻΪǲûҵ̫Ӻá
̫ӵĺԪҵˣԪôãةȻҢΪԪѡ
ֻǿϧˣѾһƬšԴҢ֮ҲƲʲô
ةԪˡ
ڳϡﲻԪةϣౡ֮
ةฮϳѾҹ
Ԫûлعҹϵ˾Ӫ
ôˣôˣܰһ·ӭӡ
ԪЦھŻӪһĪǾŻ岻ͬ𣿡
⻰˵ģ᲻ͬأܰЦҪԵҹ𣿡
ÿֻһͺáԪ̾˿˵
ֶ˽
ȻҹХǾΪ¯ȴůĺܣټȲȥԪʱȫůˡ
ѵ֪Ұ𣿡ܰǳ˵ÿҶ±Ϸ֣ҹ£ձ
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ܰ̾˿˵ҾˡԭѾˡ
Ԫͷǲκ֪岻еģҲֻǲ²ġ
˵˴̿ͣڻôˣܰǵ˵ôأʹôܽ̿أ
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ܰЦŷģôµǶŷǰʯͷԼĽţڸأ
ǵġŻ壬Ϊһ¡ԪȻգҺ̫ƽȥ÷԰ȻһʿǴȣǣں֮Ͼ͵ˣ˺ۣǳϾ˺֮⣬ʿϵ·ǾӪģʣǲʿӳȥˡ
һûءÿʿӵģĿôҶǽĽҶôʡһʿС£һҲͨܰһôһʿôעأ
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áڴҶϢˣһҾһʣȻˣסͬ齶߰ɣܰЦ
лŻ塣ԪЦҵĽƽ߶ˣгζӰ쵽Ż˯
㲻ҽųҾͿļˣ֪ÿϴŶϣĽſɱŮ˵ĽŻҪءֵܰúϲ£졣
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ܰЦպܹиˣͬ齶ߣĸ˵Ľģ
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ҹϡ
ŷŷԺһ̸ۡ
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ŷЦϵԪҲڵûôô̿͵óѵġҲû£ԪһᣬԪһΪǰʯͷԼĽš
סѵˣǷǰԪںˣԪڻǰȥġȡ˻ˡŷŭ


630 ŷ

ŷ׵ĳ¶ͷϵơ
ŷ׵һЦ۾䣬¶һжŪڹ֮еĮ˵ԪΪϿʼɵǣȴ֪ҵŬ¡ϿʼɵģȴԪԼ
ŷһס仰Ӻ˵𣿡
ŷ׺˿ڲ裬Ц⼸նûڻǰ֣ǻϽҡͻϼˣҲû˵Щ̿ԪġӰǶûУ֪ԪڻǰֹһΰʾЩ̿͸й
ԪǺաôأϻ᲻Ԫģŷˡ
ˣԼжϣڻж֮ǰ˲ϵذԼʶǿڻϡԪǷ˻ϵĴɻ䣬ֻûϿʼԪǲż޻ǡŷ׹Цʲôû˵ʲôûϿʼԪˣ˵˭ʯͷ˭Ľأ
ŷЦ㡣ǰһŶû¶һ㶼֪һ෴Ԫȴ֪ܶ飬ûϲ𣿿ԪҪˡ
ŷ׵ͷֻû϶ԪɣⲻܹԪˡ
ôסǻҪôأŷЦǰͷడ
Ȼ˵࣬ȴԺҪٶԸԪ͸ˣȻϿʼԪˣһҪóһȷ֤ݣԪһŷ˵ꡣ豭ϵ۾¶ϬĿ⣬ɱڡ
ŷ˵ôףܰʲôæ𣿡
ŷЦΣҢæ
Ңŷһ
۱ֵĻҢԪľ˾˰ŷЦҢˣҺԪ޼ϵԪ취ҢӪȳȥĿԻеġ
ǡԪС겢ûҢؽȥ֮Ԫûʲôŷ̾˿˵
ûڻǰʲôĿûаʲôȻԪڰûʲôǿԸԪһûϾԪʲôҢˡʱ񲻻ŭ𣿡ŷ׺Ȼս豭
豭ŷϣɢѿˡ
ŷЦǺù򣬿ϧûõĹ򡣡
ŷ˵Ϊûãҿǽ̹书Σѧᡣѧᣬ͵컨ƵصģŮ㵹һģϧѽȴŮ˵ͬʱҲ书ѧúܺõġ
Ǹ㣬Ӣ۸Ůˣ书áܸѽŷͷӵ˵ŷŷױȡ
һ̫ĸףԼʹ˸׵ˣ黻˭ò
ϻ˵˵˵ôԸԪɡŷЦһӡ
ŷЦ⻹ǸףôԸӣӾô¡ڵء
ûϢģͲԼ𣿰뷨˵˵ŷŭֱŷԴ
ֱ˿ʹˣŷ˿˵ô󻹲Ҫ׵ͬ⡣Զûˡֱ׷Ըɡ
ôɳôŷңŷˡûϢ뵱ôʱѾܹˡ
ŷƲƲ죬סܣĺĺӵֻҪǵ̫ƽҽΣܶⱲӶҪɲзˡ˵ʲô峤أ
ֻһӣŷҵ峤ΣѲáŷһưŷˣȥɣ뵽Ʋ㡣
ǣӽŷȻ߳ȥˡ
˸⣬Ѿҹǣŷȴһ˯ⶼûС
춼˵ûãǱԽԽûˣˣ㲻ϲ˵һø˵ءŷһȥ¥硣
ǣ¥ڸָŮӵӭŷȴȻζȻܡ
Ӻڸϣһܼįɣãȥ棬ϾܲᣬܻӭʲôϲŮܻӭΪܼ˵ŷƿŮ˶ѣӺ
ʱԺ塣
ҲˣҹҲ˯š
ŷΧ˿塣
ܴһˤڵϾȻˣпֽ


631 ϻӵ

ֽϾȻдţ˶˰ɣ
Ǳʼ֮Ű裬һˡ
ΪֻˣŻʲݵţ
ܽǣһתۣҶҡΣ
ԣһХ
ŷͻȻǰǹ𡣷ħЦ˵ˣ㲻֪һɣ߶ˡ㲻̫įįɡ
ȫˣ㲻Ҫ߿
ǣŷѾߵǰһЦôѵϣҰǵĳ¸Ӻ𣿡
㡭ңܲ˵ͷҿŷ
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ŷʲôôҲĳ°¶
ֲ£ԭеķӡҲ¶һŷծǣӺĸ鰡ŷЦ
ܿˡ
ŷ§סܡ
ٲҷ
ŷͰܱ˷ӵ˴ϡ
ŷѹ˹ȥ
һΣܲûзǳܡ

̫ƽ԰ڷһܣȡ˶ݵͻơ
ԭڹȥѴ棬Ҳһϻӡ
̫ƽѽϻó
ľϻǴɵģһ
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»ūʵû취ˣĺɿɥ˵ӸûС
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ˡ
ܰᣬص˽
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ܰ߹ȥϯض˵ϢˣգȷʧһʿʿûеϸΪǲ鲻κεϸ
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ǶҪǼǵģǣΪߺֲϣ٣Դȱˣʱ򣬾ûôϸˣȽ뵱Ȼ󣬵ȷżˡǰѻܰüͷ˵ҲΪ׶ˣʹǲ֪ʿκεǣѵȥʿ𣿡
Ԫ̾˿˵ˣʮʮžʿˣŻԸĻʶʿȥһϡ
ԡ
ԪǴ˵š
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ʿƽ˵Ĭԡһ˵ԼǷżٵģҪȥƷҲΪ߹涨սʱÿʿһռڡ֪ᷢ¡Ҳ֪ĵϸƽҲ˵֪ʲôûС˵
Ԫ˵ˣ֪ˡ
Ȼȥǡ
ʦүߵ̫ƽ˵һģһ
Ԫ˵ƤƫסǴ𣿡
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ã̫ƽˣԪ͹ȥˡ
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Ԫǽϻ˵ȻһԿס
ҲԿס̫ƽε̯̯֡
Ԫ˵ҲԿףǾһѡ
ȻԪǽϻ棬һơ


632 

ǱǻưԪһ
̫ƽæҲչȥ
Ϊ⻨ʵ̫СˣɫҲǽɫģϸʵǿ
Ȼиء̫ƽ̾˿˵ѵĸҲּ֪ҵĴұ
һжйأǱǾʲô˼أԪ˳˼
ҪģǴϻӡ̫ƽ˵
áȥһԿ׵ˡԪ˵̫ƽиϢҪ㡣˵㸸׸ӺѾ߹ˣӦúȸˡ
̫ƽͷҲ˵ˡ
Ϊ¡Ҳûú˵ԪʹҴ뿪ˡ
̫ƽȻЩпѵ̫֮æˣĽ־ֻį
ԪѻԿ׵ҹʱ̫ƽŷ֡ϻӲˡ
ūһֱѽϻӲڴµģҡū澲ûиκ˿ڽϻǰ滹ôܻ͵أǸܹɽķǣɽҲֻѾˣôأĺɻֲ̿ѣǿǼ˹ˡ
̫ƽ˵ŲԺѾ͵ġ
ĺ˵һ絽ڣū澶ԺŹ﷿ţūֻīȥоūˣˣ˽ҲǴӴŽģΪū澿ĺϸġ
Ԫ˵˻᲻᲻ǴӴŽģǴӴģ
̫ƽȥ봲ȷҲȽϽ
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̫˵öԣӦȥ˶ҵǸϻӡֻҪһһңһҵõĺ˵
Ԫ˵ȷҪԺӡӦѾеˣҪĶ
̫ƽ˵ȥĸ
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Ԫˡ
ܴƽȥҵϡ
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ȻֻǸѾߣȴϷ˵ѾߣڶϴӣϻҪá
ԼȻ˵ˣҲòӦЦŶ̫ƽ˵̫ƽ㿴ܾܲͷԺӣȲ鼸ԺӣҪһȫˣ˵ҲѽϾϻҪء
̫ƽɫ֣ԲкҪرյڱūǵĳ룬Ѿˣ㻹ðѳıҿҪǻһһ顣
˵˼Ϸ˵Զ԰ѶΪǲġ
̫ƽɫ֣ΪõĻӦ֪ԼʲôݣҲˡ
æʵԲΪάΪϷˣҲòˣūҲ֪Լֻһū澣ӡūūȴϷһַֺģ˶飬ûܹ¡
£Ҫ㣬¹ң̫ƽ˵֡㲻ӣôֻи㣬Ϸڽ֮ǰ˵ҪܼңǴҶҪҵģӦûǵðɣ
ǵġϷ˵ȷ˵仰һ
ȻԳΪֻҳϷˣôϷ仰ǲأ̫ƽĿϬޱȡ
ֳĬˣһ˵ȻġֻҪϷ˵Ļū澵ȻҲ
ȻˣͲҪˡ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽƸס̾˿˵õġȻôҪ԰ϷˣôūʲôҪأ
ٺԧˣ̫ƽٺԧȥˣסĸţѾŵģҪ뿪ʱʲô
Ȼ̫ƽȲ裬Ƚ
ֻԼȥˡ
Ц̫ƽֶŵһҶ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ĸ׹ˡа취Ϸȼ֮ˡ
Ŷ˵Ϸ뵽н죿һ


633 Ϊ

Ϸ뵽һ죬ϵ˻ᷴҡ̫ƽһЦȻϷ˿Ǿû뵽Ϊ˷֡
Ϸ֪̫ƽΪץס߽ϻӵˣŰϷ˵ģϷ˲֪Ҫôء
̫ƽɲܡ
԰ܣ̫ƽһҪ׷ݵ׵ġ
°Ѷϵе˶ˣ̫ƽҲ
ΡѾǵȴûҵϻӵ䡣
ѵûͷȥǲǰѽϻӴȥˣ̫ƽˣڸұ˶Ҳϻӣ⻹ᱻָЦ
Ժ̫ƽϷ϶ᱻָ»ȥ
뿪ūѾ׷ȥˣûκοɵ󡣡˵᲻ˣ
ᡣ̫ƽͷˣһ룬ʲôط©ûв飿
ҡҡͷÿطū澶ˣȥϷסĵطˡ
̫ƽüëôأѵϻӲ𣿡
Ц̫ƽʲô𣿡
̫ƽ̾˿˵ǵġ
Ц᲻ǸûжʱҲȻҲǸұ䶼Ҳǣ֮Ǹͻԭء
̫ƽȻγѣԴ˵ĸ˵Ķԣôû뵽أ
æȥ̫ƽ䴲£ʱ̫ƽҲˡ
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ȥ԰̫ƽ˵
ǡȻī㾪ŵ˹
ܹȻˣվڶſڣҪأūī˵ǣǻңѾҲûʸһֱšֻ˵ִй񡣡
̫ƽһҲˡ
˵ѵǾãϻ¸ܹйأ
̫ƽҡҡͷ⵹һ
̫ƽ԰پˣȥھ
һһⲦ̫ƽԽԽʧˡ
ﻹȥ𣿡ʡ
ȥɣԶҪ֮ǰ̫ƽҧҧ˵
ȻڵһӲӲĶ
ܿ졣Ӳ¶ˣǸϻӣ
ҵˣҵˣ˵ء
̫ƽЦˣϻӹȻôǾǲҵġ
ϻӣҵˣȻҵˣȴ򲻿ûá
أҪźá̫ƽ˵ף棬ôзۣ
ˣǰǷ۰
̫ƽ뵽ˣѵΣ͵ǽϻӵˣ֣
һūˣΪʲôֻ᲻ù飬ԭֲʼٸѽ
̫ƽüëһ㡣ʵҼԺҲֻֿȥ磬Ҫͨң־ûӴҷ䣬Ҳû˿ģΪֶҵԺӺϤߣҲֻ֪Ĵ£һӣҷϡֲȴ÷ԣϱȻմЩۣΪ±ҵԾʹҴææѽϻڽϻ滹ϲķۡ
ļǡֿǵģôһˡ﷿͵˵
Ҳ˵ˡϷ˵ˣȻǲϣ֪԰ܵġ̫ƽ˵
ȥ԰һһֵƤأأҲӦ֪ҵϻˡȻֻѽϻ·Ż϶ҲǾٴβ˵
־벻һҵطֿҲǷǳľˣڸǶ£ԽȥҲҪ¶ڣҪѾ³ˡ̫ƽĿϬ
֪ˣūûô
Ǿͺá߰ɡ
Ҳˣ̫ƽ㣬ϷʲôΪʲôҽȥղţ
ûʲôֻһڶѾҵˡ̫ƽЦôý常𣿡
ЦֹҲ̫ƽġڻʹõϺõĲҶƷһƷΪ֪̫ƽǶ֮ˣԣһĲҲͳˣֲһȤġ
Ŷʲô裿ҿҲлһˡ̫ƽЦ
ӦõġȡҶȴ̫ƽһϾ÷
ǺһͿˣȶҪȡЦ
̫ƽЦ£һ֪Ͼ÷˭͸ġ


634 海

һָһϵĵĶˣ̫ƽ㣬㡭֪˭
ǺǣҵȻ֪ˣܹͳôõϾ÷ģҿʹҲûм˰ɡ̫ƽһЦָһĵ⣬ŵһҧ
εЦʵҲǵģҲֻǵʹû뵽ô顣ζҹȥһȲ裬źţ˵Ͼ÷̫ˡҲ˷ˣҾȻݺ⣬ҲҲеⲻȥģϾҲǻ֮ˣʼҵĶϱڽɼܶҲģԭ¡
벻һšȻԼʫ
ԭʲôأãҲһв֮ˣҪȻôڶ̶̵ļڳΪأԡҲǷǳĵģٻܴӵѧܶ༼ء̫ƽЦˣ˵ˣȻôõϾ÷ң٣ȥݿסϾ÷Ҫùȵˮ֮ҪͣһӲſԴ򿪸ӣһӴ򿪸ӵʱҪ򻨰ڸסϾ÷ˮһҪȥռѩˮһαˮԲӡ
֪ˣ˵Ͼ÷ȥȥˡ
벻̫ƽԺȲôܾ˵Ҳֻһˡ
̫ƽ㣬һ㵹Ǹ񡣵ԺȲҲǳЦΪ仰԰̫ƽʫ֮ĹϵĽһ㡣
Ҹﲻһϲϲ裬ϲ²衣ͺñϲˣϲˣҲһ̫ƽ⻰ָ
˼ʫƽϲ˵ɷôأ
ȥ̫ƽʫĶԹԹҲŵģʱȴ̫ƽ֪ܰкʫнβѣͷֻųԶһ仰Ҳ˵
һ죬Ӷźˡںڵͷһ٣Ƥ͸Žۡˮһ㡣Ľë΢΢Ͼˮĺ΢΢Ц
̫ƽͿˣЦӺȥ߹жˣˣ
ûأؾæдţ֪ƽͺˣдţҲұġӵ˵㣬ԭҲֻµ˺ò裬ùһϲ㲻ϲ
áˣͺò裬ô᲻ϲأϾ÷Ժˡ̫ƽЦ
ڵĲҶˣһһƣޱȣܵ۾ˡ
˵̫ˣҾͲҺء
ȵģǲҺȣʧȥԼļֵˣÿȰɣϾ÷ҪȺ˲źúȣ̲裬һҲúúȡ̫ƽ˵ţŲ˴
֪˽㡣Ȳһ֡Ц
Ȫˮˣϴˢʯ΢΢ҡҶɳɳ
ʱȻˡ
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ǲ㣬㿴ϡϾϾ÷Ҳ˶ϲȵģ㻹ǸСء̫ƽ˵ֵ꣬
ó̫ƽӶ񣬶ˡ
ȵãҾͺȲҾҪȡȴӦˣһȥ̫ƽĲ豭ûǾȥܵĲ豭ظˡ
컹ң컹ҡһûȼءܼˡ
ȴһڰȥúȣúȣȻúȣ
Ҳǵģ㻹ǶˣõĲ趼˵˵ҶȹˣⲻںҵĿˮ𣿡
ãܺĿˮҲҵҰ˭ѾӺˣƷɱҸߺܶءܰ˸
֪ԼӾͺá⹦λҪԼȥģɱȲ褺㡣̫ƽ˹˭ǿ
ⲻһ߳ŭˡǵǵģ˵ˣӣǵϵġǷģһǶǿ
ߵذѺ豭һˤת˳ȥ
ϺõĲ豭ˤһء
Сˡܲ˲·ϵĲˮ褺ȡȷǲԶˣҲѹֺСĺӣܺõȥҹȥʳڿǶҪģ
̫ƽЦãٸ㵹һɣ㶼ûôȡ
ֶ˹ˣأܿǱߺȱкϾ÷ȾһһھͺȥģȾƶҪƷһƷأûĻģҲô飡װ˷˶ӣ


635 ߹

̫ƽǼ絷⣬΢⣬촽΢΢̣͸žӨķɫźƶ£ȹ籡ɴڶһЦ˼ҵ¡˵˼Ұлк֧ܶأֻҪܺԼͿˡ
ôҲ˰֧ҿǲŵġһ˵
⻰ˣʲô˶ʲôѡûǹһ˵ġ̫ƽǳਲҶӯǡ
߹ءӺ۴Ѿˡ
һӣ߹ǼС졣
Ӻ۾ʪˡ
ΪӺϳˣˡȸ
Ӻȸ
μӺȸдǱ򣬶÷ִ磬֪ѣҲҪ
ӺһϷܵȸǰ棬סȸ֣˵ˡضô벻ôûˣ㻹ֱɡǸı䲻ĳЩ˵ġ
ӺˡҸױȹȥɣ˺ܶ࣬ΪҪٵĴ۱ȹȥ˺üȸߣһ˵
Ӻ˵ɺѽ벻Ҳһֱ㸸ߡ
ǵģҳˣЩҲȥ³ç嶯ˡɺ۾ȴˮ⣬ǣΪ˳ȴ˺ܴĴۡ
ɳҪ۵ģ˵ǣ˳ĳˡӺЦǶɡ
ȸһԣǣȴǼ˫ֲ
Ӻáʥּ˵쿪ʼһֱ㣬ҶȻ벻ô㡣
Ӻȸһ𣬡֪ı߹صĴѣҹ̣һ̶ϢˣݶʿṥƱ߹صĴšԴ룬Ҳ±߹صĽʿǻΪͷɺ
ᣡȸЦҶΪΪĽʿԡѪɳĺöɡ
ףΪʲôӺôģɺ߷߲ƽ˵
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ͰʾһˡӺ֪ˣɫһڣ˵Ϊ˽Щ¡
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ȸӴǴӮ˱ݶˣǻһز
ǲ
УȸֻһԣԶȲǵģ
˭֪ӺһƤɻû͵ںȸӵʾȸģк³
ȻҲǺµȫˡ
Ӻǻģպ߹صܶʱ򣬱ȻϻΪ⣬ܡ
ȲҪ˵ˣǣҪٱݣӺȸɺ֣Ц
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߹صİռȸڵԹӭӡ
ӺЦİվȻеӭֻ˶ʼɡ
ǴҴȸǫ˵꣬ͶԴҹ֣лл
ǴңȺʼˡӺ˵꣬ת˵ǲΪշƽʱǿֺúܡڣͷǼſɨһɨ£ɣ
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Ӻڸȸͷء
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Ӻڱ߹ʵأҵﰡĵЦ˵ãǣáǡ
Ⱥ۸ȸˣʼɨɨˣɺ˼ˡ
ӦǵıӦˡⱨӦأ
Ӻ˵ɺܵܣȵ˾ʣһһ˵ƽնô۸ġһΪ
ûе¡Ӻĺ⣬ˡû۸ǡȸ˵
סǶͷϿˣ㻹Ϊ˵ҪΪ˹ȫȥԸȻ̡Ӻˣ㲻ҪȫˣΪӺСΪʲô˵أϢаǷа񰡣סɺˡ
ɺݶ˵ǰԼôܷڧأȸȵ
Ӻ˵λҪˡѾ֪ˡ֪ôǷġӰ쵽֣ҲܾŹǣΪǱ֮
˾ӪӺȸսۣһϮɫ£һȲ衣
߹صĲ裬Ȼ義ζˡǼʮֲҩһŵġ
ŨŨҩζرǺˡ
Ӻһڣ˳


636 ֮

ӺܲǺ˵ζ𣿡ȸºһЦңҰµһζ
ӺЦˣǱ⣬ȻѾ߹أ͵ӦĲҶҪȻһ밡Ҫסö£ѵ컹ҪȲĲҶʳǱǶˣ
ȸЦҲȻʵʼ߹صʱҲӦβˮؿζ̫أûζʲôӣҶҲǺȲϰߡ뵽һƤ۹ҲҶƤͽ۹ܹȥҶǺζ⵹Ǹð취
ףô֮ǰҲأɺ˵
ǲһġȸʱԵ÷ǳĳ߹ܿģôĵأӺǽ֦ǳԲÿ˵ġ
ʵһġǱһҪΰ󣬻Ҫ߹ΪԡѪɳҳʿȴֻɾͿ쵽ٺ»ĻӵܡǡӺ˵
Ӻֱǿˡɺ˵
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Ҳ㰡Ӻȸ۾ʪˡ
ûһ˸ӦֵǾ÷ݯӺЦ
ĸףĸ׻𣿡ɺ͸һ˿ǣҺ͸׶ˣĸһھǣĸһúʵɣҲТҲ̷ܹĸϥ¡
ȸɺļ˵öӣҪ˵ѾúܺˣЩŵͬ˵㱳ϳеѾ̫࣬Ҫ־͹ңΪһˣԼ޶ס
ףҲܹ㡣Ҫ֣͹ǸɺսȭͷǷǲ֡УǺģ
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Ӻڰ˵ﶼǱˣǲصϸܡ
ȸɫɺԿģܲܲȻûá
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ҲֻӺ˵ǽšȸЦ⸸ӡڮ١Ҳǹ߳£ȸҲ⡣
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ӪȻӪʵĵ㡣
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һӣҪľ죬Ϊָӣܾڣǧ֮⡣
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ʱӺ̾콫Ȼ۲Ŵԣ˾塣Ѿӽ㣬Һܷġ
ȸæ˵ȻӺˣӱȻǽӺģҵȻҽܣҲ֪ʲôݡ
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ʲôǻϵ˼𣿡ȸ־ϲ㳱ӿһʱ֮䣬Ȼ˺
Ļˣһܰסģ֮ͿԻصǣˡӺҲΪȸˡ
֪ĺûᣬһӺΪȡġʵǸмԸΪͿأǡȸʵ
ȸһѾ̫̫ãȻ֮ǰȸѾʼˣǲʽģӺˡȸʽĽ
ӴˣȸҪ߹صʿǣѱݶ˴仨ˮҪһνҵ顣ʱ
ڲϵظȸȻʼϲظٻ֤ȸʱԴͷʼ
콫ˡӺȸļ򡣰ȸ˵һУȻġҪǣɽڡûա
ҪǣӺһ֪ڰˡȸ⡣
ʵǵ˲ҡԪ¹ӺȾһ˪
Ԫ˵̫£ȸһ֮ǰ˵̫»ţ룬һ˺ܶ裬ŵԻصʱյĵλ
Ӻ˵ͷ


637 

Ҫ̫˵ҲὨ飬˵ֻſԻ˱ݶˣ̫ĵϲͬ⣬ȥ߹ض֧󽫾ͳ˱ݶˣһ»ҲҹӺȸ˻֡
ϣʿһ̳Ƹ˹
֪ģл̫ˣʵΪȸ۾ʪˡ
ʵ̫Ҳ֪׹ϵܺáҹϵһֻǿϧˣǰ̫뿪磬ҪȻǽ棿Ӻʿ롣
Ӳȥȥ¶ôˡҲȥκˣֻúõĻ˱ˣ֮Ϊౡ֮ȸ˵ϾȻȻ
콫ǿˣҸ嵨ǶǿüģҲǿüģǻϿһϹۣҲֲס֮ڵġӺԸȸơ
Ҷл㣬仰ġȸҲƴǡȥӺʱҲһȹơ
ǼѣҲסϧֻǰӺ˸硣
Ը⡣
˻˵ǺȾƣݡãղ˯ˣҪӺȵ뵽£ȸ̲סʹ֡
һҪ˵ȥȸʲô˺ԶͻĻǾ֮
ȸϵ飬鲻ˣȴԶ˺
ãѾþûô˹ˣֲ֧סˣȥ˯ӺЦ
Цȸôֲ֧סأ뵱ɳԡѪսҹҪ˯ģҵĽʿҲͬˡ˵ʿǣȸ۾ˣЩʿǣԡѪɳЩʿǡ൨ĵЩսʿǣΪһ˹߸ԭ򣬱ȫˡ
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ȸҲˡ
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638 

ֻǣУȸҲ˵ˣһŮӽ̫ƽΪĴ˲
λܼҵĵлᣬһԵŰлȸĬĬ˵
ʱ¹˼䣬һƬƽͣΪƽ͵ȴȸģȥ˳ޡǣְ֪Ѿˣľ͸Ӽһ˿ˡ
ʱϡ
̫ƽ׹һںڵ㷢һ֧īסüīӣ촽Ⱦࡣɫһһֱ쵽ʡ
īһɫʯȹһü䣬΢͹͸ŵķۺɫ
ͶվһīŽϻӡ
̫ôûѾԼʱˡīΡ
̫ƽȻѾһؽϻˡ;Ҫ򿪣ԪҲ˵ѾҵԿ׵ˣ⼸ڡԿˣԪ̫ƽջԿ׽̫ƽ
ԿףҾͿԴ򿪽ϻӣ澿װʲôˣΪʲô̫ȴٳٲأȥ̫³нȻʧԼġ̫ƽҲú֡
ǣټæ˹ֲ֪٣̫ȴ˵ȥ׷ˣһʱȲˡ
ʲôȻ£̫ƽһԪȥ׷أϻӷˣӦȴ򿪽ϻҪѵǡ
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ôأϻӣҿͬһϻӰô˵ͬһأ
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̫ƽ˵ʵŪϻӣһġǷʲôһʲôûУǵһõĽϻӣַǳżԾ͹͵ˣ֪һҵģ֪ҲӲȥԾ͹ȥ԰ǸӣڳһһģһĽϻӣִ򲻿϶ǾͻԭǸϻӡͻʵּ֤ƻʵˣ־ͿԴĽϻ뿪ˣҲΪʲô⼸Ȼʧٵԭ򡣡
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Ĵ㿪ˡ̫ƽЦٵͷ
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̫ƽһֺҪŮ֪ǣ˺ǰ;Ҫ
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̫ƽ̾˿˵ǵģĸסѾ뿪ٻˡ
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ĸ˵ˣֲǶͣϷ˵̫͡ƽĿϬ
վȥģôأһ֮Ϸ˻񲻻ǣ̫ƽôأ
ⲻҪġҲˡ̫ƽ豭һڡ
һѵȥ׷𣿡
̫ƽɬһЦĸأ
̾˿˵Ǿˡ֪ˡҪҰ֣Ҫ̫¶֧㡣
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ԭԪ֮ǰͻˡ


639 ֮

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£̫ƽۡ
Ԫû취ֻðй۲֣˵˶⣬һȾ͵ȵˣִ
ԪȻֵóѡ
ǣԪ׷˹ȥ
Ϊ˲˷֣ΪűԪҪԼһ˶֡
ԣԪ˹ȥ
Ϊһ˼ң׷Ϲȥѵġ
˭֪Ȼ󣬵Ƕǵ·ȴϤĺܣ־óӶߵٴߵԪǱƵԺġ
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ʹˣҲˣڶҲ󷽱ˣֻ鷳Ҿ뿪ֵ˵
ȻҪ뿪Ϊʲôܹ˵أٹǮˡԪһ۾Ϳ˵ѡ
ˣ֪ܹĵȻϷһȥôҲҪڶҲ鷳Լ߰ɣʵҲûʲôģֻ֮ҪһطܹݵӾͺˣҪܵͣ⣬һͣв͹ˡЦһͳһҲġʹˣĵҲ٣ˡ
˵ġȻҪ꣬Ҳ˴̫︮סɣδ޵ˣҲҵˣұذ㵱ɳһúùţôأԪ̽˵
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ʵղţԪ׷ʱҲϸ۲Ķ
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֪ʱصĸԪ̸
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ѾٸԪϻˡ
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ᶨ͸ִš
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640 

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ǣͣڶſڣǴϵֻ
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ҹϣ㣬ҺܺáҪҡԪѧֵ˵


641 ݶ

ܺãΪʲôִ
Ԫģ±ǳóⶼΪԪΪʼѧļܡ
Ů˵ԪģµΩΩФ
ȥԪԴΪǹƾľǿʱ任ɤɵĺᡣ
ʱԪһͷԼ򵥵֣񲻼죿
Ϊ㡣Ҫٹҵ¡Ѿһû˵ĵطƽϣҲҵƽ˼˵ƽõġУסҪϷˣҪϷ˵ġԪ˵꣬·ܣ
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̽ɢȥˣƴȥѰ֣ǡôҵõأ
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Ȼ˵ûϵԼŮ۸ȸȻҲǲ˵ģԶȻҲûʲôӡˡ


642 

֪֮ǰεҲ˸˵ġӺ̾˿˵ѾȥܾˣҲл⣬ҲϿҵλϼˣͷˣ콫ԭɣ
ȸ˲˵ԲÿҵŮҾͻ鲻Խʧ̬ˣȻӺ㶼ô˵ˣʵҲǺܹġϾŮģ
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֪ǴӺ˾ƣǲϵĺŮְȸЦ
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˵仰ӺˣҪģ㲻»ȥ𣿡ȸˬʵشЦ
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643 

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īʵҲ޿κΡҪ˵Ȼͱ˺ܶ࣬ǺôҲиˡ


644 

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ʱ̫Ȼ˹˵Ϸһ̫ƽϷ˲Σ첻ˣϸԪҲһͬȥ
ôȻϿǰȥ̽ϷˣúõģôȻˣ
̫ƽסϵ˵ĸײҪģϷ˾ֲΣΪ̫ɵĹϵĴβأҲһġ
ЦǾͺãȻ̫ƽô˵ˣӦҲû¡
̫ƽüëȴЦȻϷһǼ࣬ġҪȥȽϺá
ȥԪ򸾡
һѾǹ˵Ԫ򸾾Ȼ뵽Ӻˡ
ԭ˵̫æˣһæͰĸȥæˡЦԭԽѾǹȥԪ򸾵ģǼȻϷҲʲô¡ͲҪôˣ̫ƽһ˵
̫ƽһǡ̫Ҳ常һģһбʲôء
̫ƽ˵ʵҪϣİԪ򸾲һ빬
˭֪ȴû̫ƽ˼ֻǵ̫ƽ˵Ϸ˲¡
̫ƽϲԸ⣬ҲŽң̫Ҳбʲô¡
ǡĸŮһˡ
ʹŮǶŲʽ֯ѣͰҲϺ컨Ҳŵƽʡ
Ѿ޸ˣǳ׵ӡ
̫ƽһ࣬ԼڻһϤӰ
̫ƽ۾ⲻ
ԭ죬ϲͰ˹Ҳһף


645 

ʱҲѾ̫ƽˡ
յװƫϲɫıֱֱģֻɣϣĺ롣
̫ƽ۾оϲ߹˵ܹþò
þò̫ƽ̾˿˵գг˻ϵӡҪ㿴гΪ˵ӣһܾɣ
Ȼû뵽̫ƽط˵ĵһ仰ȻǸĲһ
ȷϲеģΪ̫ƽϲ֮౻еִŸж
ҲҪһֻʱǨ̫Ĳѣһӻʲôأ
Ȣ˰˹Ҳ͵߽˳ҵˡ
һֻû뵽໹Ҫֿм޸һ˼ңȴʲôҲˣ֪
ֻǣܵǡģŮ̫ƽ
಻ɵЦܹǲ˵Ĳڣŵ㣬ȻԿڷң
̫ƽЦԲֻʵʵ˵ûȢ˰˹Ҳʹ󽫾뿪ûе£ףֱӰдʮ˲еӴʧȥʧȥ˾֧֪жҪ㿴м޸ϣǸˣ֪Ǻ޲һͷײҲܴ裬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪţпܣѾʬ˰ɡ
֪ȫ֪ҶԲСҼеʱи˵ҪѰסУҸУֻҪţһԾȥΪʲôûɱԸ޸ϣҲҪţԭϣôлл㣬ƭУҲл㡣ֻϣܹƭһ㣬øһ㡣̫ƽʵ
ܹˣûƭУĻ취гȥģΪԼҲҪȥ˵
ʱ򣬰˹бǴڵ˹࣬ôָ棿
˹æߵ˹ǰס˹֣Цûʲô͸ʵĴϲ֮գǲ˺òãܹҲǽˣμӻġҸղѾܾҪμӣȽϺá
ߣ̫ƽμӣҸû˹Ц
ô˵ǼȥϲưɡȰ
˹ȴˣ̫ƽˣôܷŹôõĻᣬ̫ƽļأҸܹҲˡˣĨʲôϣô
̫ƽЦϴûĨϣǱӲõģ飬֮ˡ
ôĵӣҸ˹ŭҪ̫ƽ
æסˡ˵ʵĻ𣿸ʿҪǲҪ£ҲҪߵ
˹ѹ»˵ǣ࣬㲻֪Ůӹȥж̫Ҵ
˵ˣǻ߰ɣ߰ɡ
˹죬ǣ׻Ǳˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵벻һİ˹ȻĻߣˡ
˰ɣпǵġ
̫ƽͷҲˡ
̫̫ɫصڴϡϷˣӵڴǰ
̫ƽйں˵Ķ벻ĵò̫
̫Լ˵ҡ̫ƽ̫ƽ˶𣿡
Ϸ˵˵ͷǵġ̫
̫ƽ̫ĥɳһִֵģƵģɳɳġ
̫ƽ߹ȥ̫
ܣ̫ﲻܲΣģ
ǣѾ˳
̫ƽ۾ҲѪһƬ
̫ƽʱ˲ԤС
Ϊ̫ûµĻôҲأ
ⳡڽһ
̫ʱ˵Ϸ¡û˵ԼҲϷӣϾ˵̫£ʹˡ
ʵ̫ƽ֮ǰҲûϷ£ΪϷ˿Ƿɵɵܹ˺ܾúܾõûôġ
˵ˣɫҲá
̫ƽﻳ̫˰Ȼ̫Ѿǲˡôأ
̫֮ǰúõģôȻ֮䡭̫ƽҲˡ
̫ƽ̫ǲѾˣ˵̫ҽ˵ѾˣǾͰеϣϣŮ٢ѽһʧĶԲԣ


646 ̫ް

̫ƽѾӯˣԲ𣬳̫ҪʧˣȻҽٸ߳Ҳûа취ȥһһεļӺ̫
˼˵ڼӺ̫𣿡һ
֮ǰϣ¯⣬ҲӺˣҿʱͷΣ˸Ӻݶ̫Ѿģ඼ûˡͷԼٳȴܹ°װһԣûа취ˣҲûа취ˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
Ȼ֪˲ϵĸ̫¶˵˭ĿϬңһɱˡ
̫ƽҪ˵̫Ȼץס̫ƽ֣˵̫ƽ֮Ҳơҵ˵仰𣿡
̫ƽˣ˵ͷ
ֻøˣʱȥһ䡣
̫ѵ۾˵̫ƽ㿿һ㣬㿴һ㣬𣿡
̫ƽͷúܽܽס̫
̫§ס̫ƽѶ̫ƽĶϡ
ӦңҪκˣ˭̫˵
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵϶Ҫˣ̫ôŻϣ֪ܹ¶ֵֻлˣΪֻлϲлᣬҸոհϵĶ֮¸¶ҲֻлϣŻһһԭ£Ÿɳ֮
̫˵ǵģ˵ûǻһһθ¶Ҳֻл¡ΪλϡϿҵζ֡ϧѾҩɾˣͳ˵ǻϺңóȥƴΪĻǻ𣿲Ļǳ
ԭ̫龫ǣΪģ뱣סԼŮ
̫ﵱһһŮеѾǵϣŮľǵ񳤹ϧͻͬҲ̫Ĳ
̫ΪһĸףȻϣԼĶŮͺģమŽᡣ
ǣ̫ϣˣҲҪԶգǰ̫ϣܹסһŮҲпԭģ̫ƽ⣬̫ƽġ
̫ôΪŰأ޳ܵ顣Ӧܵ˵ǴôԶأҿΪ㱣һʱԺһҪ˵ġ̫ƽʵ
˵±ȻңΪ°ϣЩ־εİڷ𣿡̫־ҵأ
̫ƽæ̫󴷱̫㲻ҪҪġ
ڻʲôأϾͶˣֻӦҶ֮ԶҪָκˣ͵֪𣿡̫ధ
̫ƽˣã̫ҴӦ㡣
̫⻰һƺˡ
ͼˣ˽
ĸ󡣡
̫󡣡
˶
̫Ϸ˵ϣԼס˵Ļ
Ϸ˵ͷ
˹ȥĸ󣬲ģ㲻뿪ҵġ
䣬Ѿˡ㿴㸸ʾӢšҾã̫įˣʱ򣬰Ҫȥ㸸ˡ̫ǻһ˿ЦסԺ򲻿˵ֱ̫㲻Ҫ֡
ĸ󣬾˭㲡Ѿˡ
̫ҡҡͷӦҡԶҪȥʣ˭ˣĿʵˣͲΪˡ
ҲӦһҪҵ֣ʬΡΪĸ󱨳𡣡ҧгݵ˵
̫̾˿ĵؿųֿ̫ƽ
̫ƽʱѾָƽ
ƺڸ̫󡣷ģ˭̫ƽٸ߱ˡ
̫ر۾
̫󡭡

̫ƽ̫ѹˡû뵽չῴ˵һĻ
գǻ֮աҲ̫ա
ʱɫ̱顣
ϱסУȴһưѻϴ򿪡
ϴŭ
㲻Ҫ˵ϡǷϰӡ
㲻ɱ㣿ôܽʵĻ
¡ҲĿ¶׹⣬϶ʵˣеĸףȻǶԻϺ֮ǡ
㲻ƫҪЦû˭ӵù޵ġ
ǣʱСţϣˡ
ϲͷûڶҹ𣿡
ϡ̫ոաݱˡСʵ
ʲôϴһɫȻò԰ס
гûţ˳ȥ


647 

ҹɫԣҹ䡣
߳ʱֻãĶҪˡ
̫󣬻ϲǺ޸顣
ֻǣ飬ھ޴ǰ΢ˡ
Сڳ̫絶һһµش˻ϵ
ϿЦ벻һΣҪѡ˺ҡ
Сӿ˵ϣڰѾˡ
˵ΣҲҪȥһ档
һˡȻôΣ϶ϣ̫ȥ
һһεظ̫ͶֶΣȴ
̫֮ǰзǺ̫з
Ϊ̫ĸжϡ
̫ãܻĿġ
һģ̫ˣôס
Ϊֱ̫ļݱˣϣûиıҪ̫ľġ
̫ϵĺܶߡҪ̫סڣҪԷС̫˵̫ݳޡ
Ͼãûһ飬Ǳ̫͵ġӡһŪݵľż
ϲԸľż
Ҫ룬ҪԼҪԼ·ңϣ̫ǷԵġNɧ֮
ԣֻɱ̫
ңܱ˷֣̫ǱϺģԣֻͶİ취
ƫƫһ̫󣬾Ȼмˡ
̫ţ𣿡һ·ϣϻǲš
ΰɣ
죬̫ķŭ
ǽ죬˵̫ţҲܿ
ϣ̫зţҪԽ㡣˵˺ջ١Ȼ̫Ѿסʥݡ
Ͻӹţ̫ǰȻŻϣҪϣ̫֪ɱдš
ţˣϤ塣
ʶأĸҪˡϣӴԺƴգҪŲԣúáĸҲܱˣҲҲˡʶĸ㣬ΪáһˣԲôੲݡʶĸһ̣ǵõʱ໴ӲãȲ̡ĸ󲻹˷ԣԸ㲸ʱĸùϵʱ򡣾ڣǱȻǰģֻǻʶӽԺϣֻ˸˰㡣ǣҪסջĸ㡣֮ҲƣʶټȥҲϣΪһѾǹ࣬ΩԸΪҾͿԺͻʶطꡣټΣ˵ټˡ
ţ
ţһţʪ
ϺȻ˳ȥһܲ˵رţһţĸĸ󣬲ҪߣҪߡ
ʱļ䣬ȻͬˮһӿͷԼʡ
ĸûпֹġ
ǡǡ෴ǡĸȥǳ
Ϊ̫ΨһĻӡ
Ȼǳġ
ڻʹҲűˣֻĸ
ֻǣ֪ʲôʱʼ֮ĸ飬ζ
񻯵һʰҲزȥˡ
̫޹ѹѹһƬŵˡ
Ҳڣֱӳ˽ȥ̫Ĵǰǣ̫˫Ѿˡ
Ͽ̫ɫ꣬ƺǴ΢Ц뿪ġ
Ѿ
ϣˣĸѾԹ
ԣ޲Тˡſ̫Ļĸٱ𣿡
ǣǸȴҲ˵ˡ
ʹġǣ໥ǣ뱻ʱȴҲܿˡ
ϱˣɳˡ
̫ƽں棬Թۣ̫Цˣץè޺ӡϷȻݵ
̫ƽԲŻڿޣΪϼȻµ֣ôڿޡΪ̫ѹأ
º̫ƽҪ뿪ȴе˷̸
̫ƽ̫ǰ˵ʲôԸ𣿡˵
̫ƽͷԲ𣬳ѾӦ̫Ըκ˵
ң̫˭Ŀơ
Ҳ֪̫ƽͷ
϶֪ҡס̫ƽ֡ˡ
Բ𣬳Ĳ֪̫ƽҲˡ
㶼֪˭ܲأˡ
ôأ̫ѾѽҲزȥˡ̫ƽȰúñԼúù̫֮ҲᰲϢ
һҪ鵽֡ȴĿϬսȭͷ
̫ƽ̾˿˳ȥ
ҹɫУԪһɫۣ˹


648 ݶ

磬̫ݱˣȴ̫ݱȴһ취ûУǲһöûУʵ֪˶̫¶ģǣȴֹҾķǲǺûúûã̫ƽѾԪĻĶˡ
Ԫ̫ƽĺ󱳣˵ⲻ¡Ҫʲô¶Լϡ
֪Ҫжʹࣿؿ̫ˡ̫ƽͺһֻ˵Сè
Ԫûп̫ƽ¶һ档ģʱҲˣ̫ƽʵҲγҲ֪ǻүүģȴûа취ֹҲѹ̫󣬿ǣ̫û
ԭҲһ֪ǻĺ¡̫ƽԼĶԪ͸ˡ
˭أ֪̫һ㣬㲻Ҫκǻģ԰ɣԪ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽ˵ͷ벻һ㶼Ѿµˡ
Ҳµ˹̣ȴû뵽ʲôأ˵ҲûõˡԪЦ
磬Ҳ˵Լ̫ƽ졣
ҲҪ˵ԼɲԣԪ۵˵̫ѾˣҲأȥҪϧŵˡ
ǻ˻£Һ¡̫ƽʵ
Ҫ˶ѾˡҲ֪ϽȥʲôɥĲ£ĿǰҲֻԾʲôܹԪҡҡͷ˵
ǵġѾӦ̫ﲻ¶ϵĳ£ûа취ƳΪѾʹҲǴ֮ˣһԼµǻô죿̫ƽ
һᾡȥȰġֻǣ̫ݱҸ֮£ҪТٰܾˣί㡣Ԫ̾˿˵ǵˣΨԼ
̫ƽˣᣬұ˴˶ôҪҲǺõġҲô𣿡
ҵȻˣҹζ࣬Ҫ񷨵ĻҲֻܵˡԪ̾˿̫ƽҵͷڵһɳ⣬㿴㣬⼸նˡ
⼸Ҫҹ˯ҪԵ㲹ģŻˡ̫ƽѾˣԪĻͺޱڱϣҲˡ
ģҲµģҶôϣǿΪޡԪס̫ƽ룬Ҳ¶ĥɡ
̫ƽ΢΢˵ͷ
̫ݱϱʹղ糯İգҪТͬ
ʱڱ߹أҲѾ̫ݱϢ
ӺʹʹȥȸӺϣҩ
ɺ˵ףӺ᲻أ
ȸ̾˿˵Ӻһظ飬ֶ̫ӺôãӺڵûм̫һ档ӺһͦȥġҶӺġ
ɺ˵ǰգݶ˽Ǵˣܣ϶ʲػף˵ǻ᲻⼸ո͵ϮأҪ֪̫ݱˣأիʹǵĿɳ֮ѽ
ݶ˽ƻǵȻͻϮԣҲѾ׼ֻҪǸұ֤ǻزȥȸ͸Ϭ
콫ȻӺ̫ļݱ𣿲ƭҰɣ
ȸ̾˿˵Ӻģڰ룬̫֮Ҳϣһǿ¸ҵӺ
ӺЦ콫ʶ׵һ뿪ȴҲûа취ǣȴģй
ȸҲˣûвɢϯÿ˶Լ˷ⲻ˵ġģǺúûȥϧŵˣŵԼ
Ӻ̾˿˵콫ǲǺûãͦȥˣҪʱ临ԭһʵЩϣúõĵֿݶˡ
ӷ档ӺġҶѾ׼ˣǼȻʾݶ˽Ӵ̫Ҳáսսپȸ̾˿˵¶ҪиĹǡӱϿ죬ӺǾӵĹǣֻ㽡վڸ̨ϣôҿˡҵʿŻᱻ
ҲΪģʵҶӺΪĵġɺ˵Ӻؾǣͱһ𷴻ݶˡ
ݶΣԭ̫ãǱ˲ܻؾǣҪǲɾºȸϬ
Ӻȸ·ֻص˹ȥǸɱϡʤǧ֮ȸ


649 вС

Ӻģʱˡ
ãΪǣҪԵأԵһˣóԵġӺ֧ţ
ȸɺǳˣЦӺȻ
˰ɡҪǸӡҲʲôӺһЦ͸һĨΡ
յĻʳǽȫӺϲԵġ
Ŵ׼춹⡣ա
Ӻ֣ЦǾĪǻ˳ʦ𣿡
ɺȸһۣЦлʲôʦҸףչʾ¡ΪġҲҪӺġ
Ӻܳ˵ʲôյĻʳ콫ģ
ȸ̾˿˵ϲɸΪ֮ĲóԣӺЦˡ
㾹ȻΪ³ֻˣûĺôӺѾӯһҪΪ³Ҫжѣ֪ġǣˣǸѪӡ
ȸЦӺˡȷҵһθ³Ҹоͦõġ
ˡɺЦǣҳô󣬸׶ûԹ
˵ҵҡӺˡ
ΪʿǶŰ£ħһҰǳ¡
ǣݶȴʱ͵Ϯ
Ǿãԭ˱ضʱɽ䱸
ǣǹȥԭˡ
ڵԭˣȸͳ£зأ塣
ݶ˸ճ͵档
ȸʿǷż
ˣȸûʧһһ䣬ñݶˡ
գȸͶıݶˣǣþǾӻ
硣
Ӻ˿ڲЦ콫裬ǲƵģȻ˽ϵķζ֮ǰŨҵĲҩζͽζˡ
ɺЦӺ˵ҸΪˣѲ϶»һ顣
Ӻ۾лл콫ķǳж
ӺϲͺáȸЦˡ
Ӻһˣ˵Σ콫㣬Ȼ֪ݶ˻͵Ϯ⻹㣬ڴȫʤ֮󣬸ݶشֻǱǡΪʲôҪЩͶıݶͱ߹ȥأþԮʿΪʲôֱأ
ȸ̾˿˵ֱĻδػͬ⣬Ǹϲּۻ֮ˣ˵ˣϣԮĿĺܼ򵥣ѱݶһ򾡣Ҫر߹أЩ㹻ģҪսپѱݶһ򾡡ȴѵģҪԮϿô౱ݶ˻϶ɱҵġ
ǰң߹Ҳᴫǣ֪Ǵʤ̡һ㣬ЩͶıݶ˷һսϾͻᵹԼˣҲֻܰȥձ࣬ھǾĿףȻͻʵܶࡣɺЦ
ȸһɺķܶԡȹȥ˺ܶࡣȥֻ֪ɣǻ۷ġ
ǻǶ׽̵зɺЦ
ӺЦˣǾͺúõԮһټݶˡ
ǵģףǴҵгɣ顣
ʹ顣
ʱ
̫ݱٹͬ
ԪҲȥ飬̶һȦ˲١
Ԫݣˣ֮ǰ·ԵôˣҲݵôÿ
̫ƽ¸Ԫü·
ҹϡ
ŷȻѹܵϡ
ſңſҡ
ŷʵ˵̫ˡȥ飬ҶþûˣεȻҪһʹ졣ſ㣿ôܻſ㣿ⱲӶſˣⱲҲӹҵġ
һ۾ܣһ˵ӺҪˣʲôⱲӲģվӵÿĵġӺŹ㡣
Ӻ֪ȣӺһŹ㣬ʼҲŹ㡣˵ʼôһϱأǵӿȥˣΣգҸΣգŷһЦ
汰ɡܽе
㲻ϲɵ𣿿ڽеĶ໶졣ŷܡ
һʱŷﳤȥ
˭ܾһӰ
Сû취˽ū澡
һղŵһ㶼ˣ
СæûУūʲôûп
˵ѣ·ϣ˰ѼͶСĵĺ
˵㾿ʲôаԡɱ㣡ҧ˵


650 

СĴûмһơ˵ܣȻҲ׶һ棬ȻǻģŵһĶģ˵ֻŷ߽˹ķ䣬ڱģūûҲ֪
ʵܰѼ˳žеԼҵͷ˵·Ұ·һ㣿
СĶţˤڵء
סСĵ°˵ʲôҲֻһεūˣֻҪ㲻Ҫѽյ˵ֻҪҾҳϣԺҳ⣬Ҳ⡣Һ࣬Ҳ࣬ұضͬʹࡣ˵ĺˣ
Сİ
Сû뵽Լøͷ˵ллū澾Բѽյ¶ֳյ£ūʲôûʲôûҲʲô֪
㻹ͦģǻ·ܺڳĿ⣬ʱСѹ
Сܰ·ã۾ġ
תȥ˲СĵᣬЦ޳ɳˣպôһ˼ң
ллġ벻ܻСĵ£Сܲж
֮ǰȻ̫ƽС͸ܣСĵﻹǲģܾ̫ƽܣܣСľԼʲôǰ;С֮ǰһֱǺڵģֻǻز̫ƽ˲ίȫ
ǽܾȻôһСĳԣСȻҲ;Ҫĵأܵ߷ˣ
̫ƽȻ̫ƽܸɵū̫࣬ܵߣȴֻСһСľԼеǻᣬеǰ;
СȻ벻Ϊ̫ƽƣȴһУ
Сĵ¶ȻЦܵҲˡ
ܵȴûȫСģֻǲ϶СĶɱ˵ʲôСĵ¡ǲ˵仰סСĵİˡ
̫ˣʱӺɹȥͶıݶʿǣѾ˾ǡ
ҲյӺţȻʵȸдģֻӺˡ
ζԪ˽үүﳼ£
ذӺţһˤ˵㿴Ӻ˵ʲôݶʿ޵ļ򾫱ΪǾͲҪػ𣿡
ԪĪǣĵذſˣЦүүﳼãѼ򾫱ȥҲδɣΪӺ˵ˣҪѱݶһ򾡰үүһ룬Щ꣬ݶڱ߹ظǴɶţܹѱݶһ𣬳ȥǶиѽʡȥ
ôҲӦðѼ򾫱ȥ㾩ôأ˵ˣݶͣȥʿܽĻ˹ȥˡüë
ȥԣΪ˲ȸӺȸİæݶ˲ڻ£үү᲻ԴԪɫ
ʿûгȥݶˣǿǺãϵĵ˵
Ԫˡԭϵĵһ㡣
Ϊһֱʲ壬԰Ҳãܶ˷ԻϡֻձȨϲаȫУϰԼʿ˱߹ءɾ飬ϿɺˣΪϺ췴
ҲǻΪʲôϷųȥӺԭ
ĵĲӺ򲻹ݶˣϾñݶ˲£ֻҪѱݶѹסͿԣڧ鷳ġ
Իñ߹صвһֱڣҲʿӺ
ϻиǣҲӺ췴亦ȸӺ췴Ӻȸǿǿϣǿɾˡ
ϾȸҲгģô꣬ȸǲǻǰôģϿɲܱ֤
ȸԼкޣһȸɱӺʿתԸϣϿʲôԼأ
ԣ˼󣬻Ͼǲˡ
Ԫ͸˻ϵ˼ЦʵүүҪԼıӺүүѵ֪лһ֧ôӹ̵ܽľҲм͸Ӻ˳ˮ飬Ӻøж£ݶҲлȥЩ̵ܽʿӺпҲ÷ӹ̣ܽԴаһҲ޻ؿ㣬ԻҲ޺ѽ
Ŷô֪޻ı𣿡һ
ǾǴϷģȥ󽫾ıôأԪһЦ
Ȼһϵıӵ˵ϣġž


651 ̸

ʲô˼ǣް󽫾ɲ͹ȥ߹أݶоϲ֮ɫ
ǡԪһЦԻϵķӦ֮ڡ
ЦȻ㡣ʿھǷ֧ˡʹӺ޹ܽǣҲ˳ˮ顣ȫ顣
ԪЦʵﳼû˵үүҲȻõġүүֻڿﳼˡ
ԣȻġЦѾڴ¹ѺܾˣʹûУ´ʲôʱˣ
ԪЦүүҪġ»ûֻ꣬Ҫ̫࣬ӻȻġڣ̫ӻҲǳԺúȺãȻ
ڻûЧҲ̫ˡüë
ǻϵĺӣȻǲԿģȻѾԽԽˡ
ﳼΪΣ̫Ȼݱ¾ҲТΪˣٶȡﳼѾȥߴˡԪɫ
ã£ȻǷĵġ
Ԫ뿪ʹȴ˳·յ˴¡
̫£ٹѺһ̫ӵ£ûɣŵ˵
ֻܰҵ˼ơʲô⣬Ҹ㵣šԪͷ۾תת̫ӡ
ã롣
ôߣԼȥҪ̫˵Ԫ˵
ǣ˰Ԫסķſڡ
õĻʡӦоС
֪סΪⲻǿͷΪļҾ߾Ȼˡ
ֻڴϣһֻŵһֻ棬ϴһ飬㷭š
Ԫ˽󿴶һۣ˵˵ҲôԷҪҡ
ԪһЦԷȻҪ硣ҪȻ̫ӲԺ󶼳Բ𷹲𣿡
ȫһԪ㡭ôˣ
㰡̫ӻ岻ӭ𣿡Ԫ豭һڡ
ԪֻĻһɱ㡣Ѿ㺦Ͷ·ˣٶһҧгݡ
ҹΪ˸һ·ԪһЦ
ƾ㣿Ц
ԣƾҡԪҲЦˣ촽
ЦˣͿ˵
Ԫ˵Ҳ֪ҪȻҲʡ
ŭˣ㲻Ҫ˽ҡ㲻˽ҡ
ԪѲ豭£ЦҸ㡣Ҫ뿪£ָ֡
Цֲ𣿡
ŷסԪĿϬ
Цԭң˵ǾңʵҪҰ㣬ȥŷҸˡ
ҲԣûбѡҪȻڱĵطⱲӶηԪζЦ
սȭͷŭԪǱɡʲô
ҪôˡԪ۾¶һƴϻۡ
ߣΪʲôҪģҿȥٱɱ֡ҧгݵ˵
㵱Ȼ˵ҲҪŲŶԣ֪Ҹ֮ĵжԹϵϵȻĻټû֤ݣҡˣҸһ֤ݣĳΪ֡Ϊһԩҵ뿴ʱ˭ܹ㣿ΪŷҰԼˣֵ𣿡ԪЦ
̫޳ˡ
˵ľֻˡ˵ͿôѡˡԪʤȯա
ãҴӦ㣬ҲҪӦңҾٱŷ֮һҪ취ҳȥиʣôңˡ
ҪģֻҪȥȻа취ûšԪ˲衣
ǣһӲô죿޺޵˵
ܷ¡ΪŷױѶԸԸ̫ˣҲҪӲôɡԪĻʹġ
ҧгݡ
ԪЦ̫ӣҿӦþȥȥһԶŮ
ЦʲôŮ͸ûйϵǶ˲пᡣ
Ԫһѵ̫µĶĲģ
ҿûô˵
ȻӲģΪʲôأҾ͸㲻ˣ㲻Ӧø˭ģӶҸ߻ϣɻ˺𣿡Ԫ̾˿˵Ҳͦģ̫Ȼ¡


652 

ҲҪҡҲģΪǲǵˡ˵
ðɣȻôִҾͲˡʵҲ㣬ԼҲܲõԪվˣҪˣллĲ衣
еԪСˣ㾿Ҫô
ǣԪû˵ʲôˡ
Ӵ¸߳ԪýŲЩء
ˣ˵ݹȥһɡ
Ļ̫ƽſһѺɡվӻ¡
ӴɫĵȹʪŵϸĽš
߹ӹ̫ƽĺɡ˵̫¹ˡ
̫ƽһ鶯۾ͷʱīסĶ䣬ͣľѴ΢΢һЦ
̫ƽԪ͵̫︮⣬áֱꡣ
࣬Ȼˡ
ûãһɾɫ۵ӣͷ۾糿ǣʱ±촽򣬱˷˹
ԱߣվһˣΪſɡʹδմ
յĹ߰޳ͦεļӰſݷǷøĮ
Ԫ
ҲǣΪ̫ԪôҪԼɡ
̫ƽЦˡسԪ߹
߶ԽˣԪӿ˽Ų
ǣºȻһʯͷ̫ƽˣվסԪײ˹ȥ
ŵʱ͵Ԫĸɾϡ
Ūצߡ
ͻײԪֻ΢΢գգ۾ס̫ƽ
̫ƽɵ̧ͷ
ԪӻˣóԪϵĹ¼š
Ƶ꣬ĿһӵΪ˲أ
̫ƽֻǶݵԥЦ磬治˼·ŪˣҲϧˣˡ
ûгɡԪıǿطס̫ƽаΧۣҲ졣
ûйϵҸһ롣ԪЦ
̫ˣǹ˺ܴ磬˺üβһóԵ档ùôһأǿϧˡ̲ס˵
̫ƽ̾˿˵õȴ˳ȥҵı㣬;ȴǲǾԤʾţǵİ鲻һ˳
ģĪġֻԤʾţջֲʺ硣Ԫ̫ƽͷ
ǡȻ̫ƽˣԪ
Ԫæ̫ƽڴϡ
ڴػʱԪɵϸش̫ƽۡ
⻬ϣɿϸĺëĽס˾µбȥ͸ġ
̫ƽԽԽÿȷе˵ԽԽˡ
ûѪԵϵˣȴž˵ƶȣʵ⡣
ԪҲ˵壬Ϊʲô
ܷϵǣٳ̫֮ƽѾ÷ǳˣСκһӿ̫ƽ̲סĶ
ã̫ƽѹˡ
ǲ̫ƣˣôأԪе˵ѾóҽǲǶ֢ģ
̫ƽͷ˵ǵѪǡֻҪԵʳͺˣ緹û԰ɡ
緹ôܲأΪ˸ˣһ۵ġ´οɲôˣ֪𣿡Ԫֵ
ߣǡǿеˣһ·ʰˣֲΪ㡣顣̫ƽ졣
ѽˣϵⶼˡɲô޴ķʽʣġԪ̲ס̫ƽϵľѡ
ʲôʱʼ̫ƽЦʱϾͻ᳤ѣֿɰ
ϧ̫ݱ֮ҾҪȥ̫ƣǳ鲻̫ʱ㣬ˣ˵ѪǡԪε˵
ԼԼģֻǺþûˣ㣬ڿˣҲİˡ̫ƽһЦ
ʱ͹ˣԪ˵ι㡣
̫ƽ˵ͷſ졣
Ԫһһ׵ι̫ƽ
ż֭ԪԸ̫ƽ˲
㲻н𣿻Ҳ̫ƽЦ
ҵһҲԼʲô಻ģԪЦ
ʱˡ
ҵ¡һ̫ӵĶӲ̫ģӵ׾˭Ҳһ顣Ԫ˵
̫ƽһôŷѩǺŮ˰
ԪͷҲž֣˭ܹöׯŷѩģ
ˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵磬ӾͲˡܲܲҪȥ


653 ໴

Ԫһ̫ƽҲȥᾪ˻ϣô֪ӲԪģӶʼΪ˻ɱ⺢𣿡
ʼһôģǴĴ£ͷȴúӳеԣ磬Ҫȥ˰ɡ̫ƽüë͸
Ҳ鵽࣬ŷѩһŷѩŷҵŮŷѩŷҲͲԶˣкôԪȰߣʱҿȥѺӾȳ
磬Ҫˣôȥӣ¶ˣһΪߣ¶֮ǰƭߡùܻϣǣǳѣԡάɡ̫ƽ
Ԫԥţ̫ƽҪ¾ͱĳһ㣬ң⺢Ҳһͻᡭ
ĳݶʲô壿磬֪Ϊʲôӵ𣿾Ϊʴȣ԰ʴȣʴȣЩײʴȣ㶮ҪȻǸֶεˣϣͷֱϲһ𣿡̫ƽ
Ԫ֣ص˵ˣл̫ƽѣ֪ôˡ
ãϾյ˴ύĺԩ״ֽ
ϸ˼ˣ˰
ֻЭ飬ˣ̫ŻڵġʱҲ¹ڳĹ˻ǰ
ڲپǿڻ޺ԩˡϾȻˣ޶Բĸܿ뵽ڵʵǾΣʲôԩ˵ɡ
ˣĸ뿪ˣڹùµôӣȻҲеĿⶼڶϡ
Ҫ˵ʵһֱܹģҪȻεϷɵʹģǶڸ˵Ѵ̣ȴٳٵĲԸⷢ㡣̾˿˵
ѵ˵ʲôʶ𣿡Ц
޻š⻰˵úмɡ
Цˣ֪ϻ˵
ãǶ˵ˣѾ뵽֣ŷס΢΢һЦĿϬ
˵ʲôҲôΪ𣿡ϴһ֮ǰ˵ŷġ
˵ΪϲЩϷǣŷƼġҲֻŷףͣ˹ļ٣ӶЩϷǴذ׽Ϯϡ
ü˵ȷҲе
ʣҪϳŷѽŷҪ޻Լ֮˰ŪȨ֮ˣΪȥأʵŷҲк޵ġ
֮ǰһֱΪŷŷӦ֧ġ
˭֪ŷѩģͲԼĶӡŷѩȽϴãŷ׶ŷѩ˵ʲôŷѩȻ¡
ԣףŷĻ¡
Ԫ˵ЩϷӶŷɹģѾˡ
ΪȻ벻ŷף˭ôôһӣȥ
ˣŷ׸ˡ
ΣϽԣŷһΪԪҲΪԼ
˭֪˵˿ϾȻ޶Ե˵ǲŷģ޻Ҫٲһ飬ܹ޺ԩܸˣ޻ȥҴ̫Ӷסհɡ
ǣ븸ϳŷףŷ׾Ȼѻ֮ˣŪڹ֮䡣ߡһ𣿡
޸Ҳ˵ˣûв֮ǰ˭ץ΢΢Щŭˡ
Ǵ˵ץ֮ǰԻȥ
Ҫģ޲ӡ޻˵Ѿṩ˷ǳõϢ⼸ȥֵģҲô䶯֣ԼˡһЦˡȥɣĺ໴㶼ûп𣿡
һᵽӣüëǵŻϵ棬Ҳ˵ʲôֻøˡ
ֵ˵ΪʲôÿᵽĶӣôأ
Сһ˵ǰϣһūҲú֣˲ᵽԼĶӣһԼôòŵõĶӣȸԾ˶أ̫ӵȴŤĺܡ֪ģΪⲻ̫ӵµء
ɫһ󵨣
СϹԲ𣬻ϣū֪
˿˵ƾʲô˵̫ӵĶӣ


654 ϸ

ūֻһ˵ԭ¡Сӿͷ
ˣǣϻǺ
㾹Ȼ̫ӵĺӣԣȥĹͣھɱ㣬ԼԼ죿ŭ
СԼԼ죬²ա
νԿηҲûϿʼɣ̫Ӿǲ̫ӵĶӡ
ա̫ƽ廨Ȼ˵Сá
롣̫ƽЩϲ
Сĸ֮ǰ̫ƽ͹ȥҹС㣬ȴСһһܡ
ûϵ
˭֪С㾹ȻԼˡ
ȻСһưȹӡŹ裬˫ɪɪ
̫ƽСȴûƺ˼ʲô
ֱĺɣ˼Сžæ̫ƽ˸񣬡ܹϴңزܳ㣬ԵŰݷãǸϣ㺣
Сɫ԰ף˵ûһ̫ƽ֪С϶ûкã̫ƽûнҴ
˵ﻰأǵòˡҲֺδ֮У˵Ǹˡ̫ƽЦС˵ϸСȻо˵òԲǼٵġ
ܹʳȺҾܹһͷҲǱȲϵġС˵꣬˼
벻ô߰ҲңǾĿ佱ˡﵹǸ˵ĺܡ̫ƽЦ
С̾˿˵ʵҲ֪ܹҽտܹҽεġ
̫ƽһĪĲûк𣿡
ٰ̫ƽĲ˴ַŻص̫ƽһ˵ѹأô߰ҲǹǹôˣŹԭΪǹĲ
СʱˣģܹﲻҪᡣ
̫ƽһۣ˵ô˵СҲΪ˲ܹˣ˵ˣ֮ҲǽԵ֣ʱҸСԵδˡ
С㿴̫ƽ˵£̸֮͸һɴ֮ǵĹŮУ߹Уȴû̫ƽôƽ׽ˣƽ׽˵Уȴû̫ƽôţﵹҲ˷͡
ֻСʵһŮӣǲܵġΪСǰԼŮ
£С̫ƽС
㣬ĺܲϹɰ̫ƽüëжı֡
СһܵģôжأҳԵĶԼҵĶҼûȥԹġ
жһֻʳж˵ˣԼҵĳԵĶҲпܻᱻ¶ѽһ룬ʲôر鷢ߡûʶʲôرˣ̫ƽѵ
ʲôرˣܹ˼ĪҲʶ˶¶ˣСȻԵú
Ī֮ǰ˵̫ƽһ
ǵģ˵⻰ѾҴˡҾԲ˻¶С㽾˵ҿе˾Բдҵ۹ûô
Сһϲɵˡ̫ƽˡ
ôҿһ¡˵ʶ˾˭̫ƽЦ
ʶˣС̾˿˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôΧ˶ϲҸոճ׵ķ
ʲôС㣬ʲôʱ׵ģô֪̫ƽһҲǾĸˣСˣǻѸµ𣿵̫ƽûпСл
олġֻǱȽϵ͵ȽС㲻֪ˣΪҷ׸С˵ϾȻҸĹ⡣
óСһܰΧ˶㻹Ƕᶨơ̫ƽ˵ͷ
ǵȻܹΪҷˣȻܶûأСϴЦܹҲȰȥһôɲˣΪǶһ١
ֻС㣬äĿذһ˵ʱпͻϵǷĵϸأ̫ƽ̲סѵ
Ҷ˵ˣܹ˵ҾˡСվѾɫ
Ǻðɣһҩȥԣ˵жĸԴȥĶˣպԶҩǻġ̫ƽ̾˿
лĺ⣬ãˣû뵽ϾȻС㿴صˡ
ǵģе˾ܿˣһ𣬾ͻΪıֻǲ֪Ǹֵֵã᲻ϧˡ̫ƽȻ뵽ǰԼְľͲһֵˡ


655ְĲ

ɴ˼ˣ̫ƽȻ;Сܿˡf
Ȼĺɹˡ
̫ƽΪϲĺɣЩôȥôãȥˣ
ﲻˣְûˡūڴϿиúְĵˣԾЩɣɽȥְѾûˡ
ʲô˵ְӳˣ̫ƽһ
ǰɽѾûְˣҲˡְĲˡĺɿˡԲū̫ˡ
̫ƽٵ˱Ȳ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˼ţ̾˿˵٣ĥҪдһŸԪ
Ԫյŵʱȥʹ
ǡ˳·ŷҡ
ŷ׳ӴԪ
֮һ裬۾ﶼǵĶţƺͣסˡպܽš
̫ԡŷЦ֪̫¾ԲΪ˺Ȳ衣
ҪųˣļƲ߼ʧܡԪһЦѵͲż𣿡
ͲЩϷȥıϵģżʲôŷЦ
㲻ΪԼżҲӦΪܱżѾ֪ܱڹаߣЩϷܽҲܱİæܱһʵȴĹԪĿϬЦ룬ڻϼȻѾɵˣûϰܱץʵĻܱ᲻ȫأ
ŷȭͷȻս¶
Ԫ֪ܱҵˣҵɱܱҵ㣿ŷ˵
ܱѾɲžˣҲûˡҡѾˣûϾͲỳܱ԰ζƸܱΪ밡ԪЦ
ŷЦȴ˼
ԪƾʲôôģûѾˣ
ŷԼҲѾ֪Ѿ·ųˡ֪Ϊʲôᱻ·ų𣿡ԪأȻҲС
ŷױסˡһ˼Ȼȫˣ϶亹ԭ£ȥǰ˵ҵĻˣ
ŷδ̫ˡҲֻ˵һʵ˵ĻԪһЦ˫ڿһգʯͷȭͷŷﾹв
ŷױףʵԪܽʲôʵ
ЩϷǶôģ󶼸߻ˡԪŷ׵ıŭ޶á
ֲû̬䵭ԭڱĹŷ׷ǳ뻹ڶԪ㾹ȻŷңͲɱ𣿡
Ԫȴغ˿ڲ裬ɱôɱң󣬻ӺôͿߣֲɱңֻŷҾϾ·㲻ҡ
ҲǲңֻԴΪأھӿ¡ֵҲһɱ㡣ŷĿȻ͸ʺɱ
ԪһЦѲˣҪٺһ
治ɱ㣿ڲˮ¶𣿡ŷ׷ǳԼȻԪëͷСˡ
ԪЦҪǸҵĻˡԸң˵㻹ҡʲôµأ
Ԫ㲻ҪͨġһԼŷ촽ˣҼöˡΪǣ¾ԼŪڹ֮䡣󻹲ԼԼϡ
лѣһԼϡԪЦվˣҪϢѾˣǸˣȻ֪ôͲ໥ڮˡ
ߣûôסŷҪסȴԪһƿҡڵˡ
ŷҲȥ׷ˡ
ԪȻȥҵ̫ƽ
ְӲ˶ԶģȻҲ֪ɽֵطҲزáԪ΢΢һЦƺְĵԤϣʵְʲô˵ﻹװ˷ҵÿյĻʳҲ٣ˣҷһɡ
һлˣ׷¡̫ƽƽһƬһ꣬ԼĲˮл˻ΣȻȥ
ְնףû˵ķʽͻȻˣҲ޴ӣΪʱᱻϳּ֪ҵܣҾӦȥһ
ְĲɵӣȻҪңôأԪѧ̫ƽӣƬһݳһţҵϣܣҲſ˸֪ȥҪȥ


656 ܱ

̫ƽһ磬˼ǡ
ԪЦ̫ƽʵҹְĵġ
ģΪΣ̫ƽת
Ԫ̫ƽԴЦô䱿ˣ
Цң̫ƽ˦Ԫְ֣֪ܣôְܹأְһߣҪһְġںˡ
̫ƽҪģְˡȥȥ˸ְģְҪȥĵطܣҾ͵ҵˣⲻǸ𣿡ԪЦ̫ƽͷһУ֮С
̫ƽ˿ڲ衣㰡治֪ģôţѵ֪ǵѾˣҲְֻˡ
ߣְĲʲô̫ƽڶְģԪġ
̫ƽһԪ׶ʼɡ
ҿСˡԪɫ˵
СˣҪҪȱ裿̫ƽȻԪܺЦ˵
ȣȻȣҵģǶҩҲȻȡԪЦ˲ãΪ̫ƽߣһá
̫ƽȻ˵磬ôųˣ
Ϊʵȥϸǰˡһжŷ׵ĴԪ۾̫ƽƺڵȴ佱
̫ƽûҡҡͷ˵ԭڲ߻ˣǣôңǲҲҪ
ҪһϲԪЦѾʼŷˡ
ŷҪɱϣ߼޻ֻû뵽ҵȴǽУʯͷԼĽš̫ƽЦ
ЦˣҲŷˡԪȲ衣
㣬ůġ
ǻΪγٳٲŷأ̫ƽɻ
ΪŷҪܱˡԪĿϬ
ܱ˵Ϸڹôܱæġ̫ƽ˵ͷûܱŷҲڹ粽С
ΡŷױܱƳȥԶϰۡ뵽Ԫ͸˼ˣϻŷףô£ܱһжýˡ
ܱ£ҲıӦ̫ƽ̾˿˵뵽ʲô˵УҪϷ˽ӻض
ôȻ뵽ˣԪһ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ΪܱҲ游ĺӣĸҲ۰ܱģϷ˱ȻϣܱԣϻܱϷڻʹ״õġϷ˱Ȼ᲻˲壬ǰȥȰ⣬ϣˡܱһҪ˵ãʯ󺣣ûǨŭϷˣڶͷϡ
̫ƽöԣҲ˵Ϸ˽ӻضͿֹµķˡԪͷͬ£ҡҽ󣬾ȥȰϷ뿪
ĸҲڻʼҶ̫ˣҲʱҪ뿪ˡ̫ƽЦ
⻰˵ľ̫ˣĸҲҵĸԪ̾˿˵
ʹӣá
ŷȥһϣ˵鵽ˣеΪܱ
硣ŷ׿ܱպã뵽ҪܱΪܱзǣŷܱԱůܱκϡ
Цܱ˰
ŷɫЦϴˡܱҲǻϵĳӡܱ޽֪˭˵ģ
û˭ô顣ѵῴ𣿡ŷףĿ⼸ȥһˡ
ŷײɵؽȥŷ׿ǻϵҳ񿴻ӣƺԸ඼ˡŷܲ
ߵŷǰ˵ʲôҪΪϹӣ޶
ŷ׼װɵϰʲôû
Цôĵӣ߱£ŵ֣
ϣûСǶܱġˣܱסŷæȥġ
ܱôܱȥĵʯˣϵһô˵ܱҪˣ
ϣûûŷװһнܹݡ
Ϻ
ŷˡ
Ȼܱй
ܱ֪ϲϷ磬ϰԼɾϲۡ
ȥʱܱͻˮ䣬ѽѽر߱߳
ϿҲǺȲ裬ܱ質Ϸ֪ܱ˻ûС
ܱ֮Ȼһ꣬Žһۣϣô
˵ܱ޲ò㣬Σ
ܱΪܱ̽ЦҪò⻹Ҫ˵𣿡


657 ŭ

棿۾ɱ
ܱɵɪһ£˵ġ
ܱȻǲˡ
ܱղ˵ҲûȷҪòοֻܱһһūţʲôԼȨأ
ǣܱæ°ūŲ֪ˣʾūԸϸģϿǧҪɱūѽɱūҲմԼ֡
Ц޲ɱ㣬޵֡ǡҲ⡣
ܱˣѵѾ¶ķҪô찡
ܺ£㲢һԸΪˡ֮ǰƭޡ˵
ԭϸղŶֻܱ̽ҪܱԸΪһ᲻ɱܱģǣܱĺûʧˡ
ϣʵһֱȱһҳϵˡ
ȻҲ˺ܶʿʿȴδķӻϵģԼҲ֪
Ȼˣܱ޾ͲˡĿһ䡣
ֻܱʵعڵϣūϸūţΪʲôҪɱūţūĿһ㡣
Ϊ㲼һмӺޡЭŷףϷǽɱޣΪù𣿡°Ͷڶˡ
ŷҰġŷֻ˵ϷôҪѲ顣ǣūŲ֪ЩϷǽȻΪ˴ɱϡū֪ࡣԲŷģ졣ܱҪˣܱΪ־¡
ô֪˵Ǽ٣ϻʹȻôϣһȺǣ
ϣūаٻܱˡ
죬޴ŷġΪ޶Ժܶ˷ģǵڣ޶ûбЦ
ǻϣūŲһūĶԻĹ
޴Ȱصݺ䡣̾˿˵
ϣҪܱ
졣ûɱ㣬ѾܿˡϷȥ
ڻʹһ̫࣬ٺϻá
Ϸϣ˫Ŀ˫ֺʮͣ߶š
̫ݱϷ˾û뿪ãһֱغ̫
̫Ϸо֮Ϸ˾ãΪ̫Ψһһˡ
Ԫ˽
̫¡Ϸ˼򵥵ʩ
岻ãͲôˣ˵ˣҲҵĳԪЦ
ϷЦˣ
Ѿϲ衣¡
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ǵġ̫˸Ҳ֣ĪǻʶҲϲն𣿡Ϸ˸ҧҧ
ǵģүүҲϲԪ̾˿ǻһԪݣǾԪĸףԪĸףǷǳӰնģĺն裬ЦΪԪĸ׻ϲ
ϲԼ£˵۴Ӱ쵽Ԫĸס
ϷҲϵ׳㿴ҧ˿ѾԪЦ
ãθھͺáҿɺעıϷЦ¶ݡ
Ϸ֮о仰ʳΪãԽȥĶҲȻζˡôܹʳƷζأȻ춼ˡԪЦ
̫˵ĬţҲ֪̫¹һǸ̸նô򵥡̫£лֻ˵ɣͲعĨǵˡϷ˵ҲֱӾ͵Ԫ
Ԫ˹˵ϷǴϻۡȷιҲֻϷ˻صȥ
Ҫȥٸ̫ؼ졣һһҪ졣Ϸ̾˿˵
ʲô£Ԫ˿ڲ衣
˵ܱѾŪܱϾҲ϶үĶӣҲܹӲܡ
ԭϷڻʹȻΪ¡
ô˼ҪȥȰϡûϷܱ
ǵġϷ˵˵ͷ
ǴˣӦ֪ǲܵ¡ܱοЭŷףȥϷҪȥɱϡҪϵû׷Źв߻𣿡ԪȰóȻȥȰ裬ֻû϶ŭǨŭڶһΪ룬ιȥϵأ
ײܱŷס
ôŷ󣬻ʱŷףҲֻСආܱˣ˭ܱԲģӲҪײ˵ϣԪ̾˿˵ʵ̫ƽġϷ˼
ĺˣұȥȣҲҪһԡϷ˵Ϳ


658 మ˭

ԪվȻϷ˹ִҲͲ˵ˣֻ˵ǣҺ̫ƽܵ㡣
л̫ˡϷ̾Ϣ̫ﲻϧһоģҾԺϧǷģ֪ô
Ԫ̾˿ˡ
·԰ʱԪֿĨӰǷüĿ㣬һ£Ȼ羪ӣۣһȻԵá
̫࿴Ԫ˿ûжܵ˼
үԪЦ
һүȴȴԪڼĸоʱ۾ɬģ͵үԸģҲû취
أ˵Ͱ˹ѾˣЭ˶𣿡ԪȻ˫ֱأ֪ࡣ
ֻǰ״ˣһ֪š̾˿˵
㵹һʵˣ֪ô𣿡ԪЦ
ѾΪΪ˻ϵŮˣϵٳ轫
ûô򵥰ɣΪʵ۵Ůô𣿰黢㲻֪𣿡Ԫʵ˵и֮䲢гвԸ̻ϣԸ⡣Ѿϴ乬ûվͱ乬Ůӣлͷһѵһĺ޹ϵ𣿡
ֵãֵð֪һжɵġε˵
֪б乬̫֮ƽͿʼʳ֮ζʳѰˡ㣬ܾȾҲá٣̫ƽҲῪĵ㡣ԪȰ
ֻܸ֮䱣־룬һֱӵķҲܹȥУ֪ģ˹һ׳Դ׵Ůӡ˵꣬ŵض
ڿʼں˹ĸ𣿡Ԫһ
֪ǴҶϲ˹ǰ˹ϾѾýȢӣʲôҲܵȥһ˹ĸܡֱ׳˵
ôͿʼΪ˹ˣǶ԰˹ѾиоˣվˣԲԣԪЦ
˵ˣһ״ˣο˹ĵĺá̾˿˵
˹𣿰˹֮ǰǼ޹Ңġ˵Ҿδ֮ǰϲСԪĿϬ
˹ȻΪ˶ˣҲһ㣬ֻΪ˹Сͻڽʳ֪ߵغˡ˹һǺܺõġ̾˿˵ϣǶҪ˹ˡÿ˵ŵ㡣Ϊ˭ȱ㣬˭ŵ㡣УѾΪȥϣܸϺúùӡ
һݶŮӣ㾹Ȼ˵ãɼʩѾˣദУ㿪ʼϰ˹ˡԪЦ
ûУҲڰ˹ҾεԶСҡҡͷ˵
ҲʼӭȢ˹ֻΪƲѣ԰˹ûٺӡ󣬵Ǻ״ʱͿʼܰ˹ˣӶԽԽط˰˹㣬ܲ˸ŵġʱ򣬿ġⶼŵˡԪ
Ҳ˵ǶԵģҲллңԼ֪Ѿ԰˹иˣҺԲǰ顣һᵽ顣ǰ뵽̫ƽ
ֻж̫ƽǰ飬֮ǰΪжڽܰ˹Ϊ
иʵǰˡеİ󶼻ɸ顣ԪȻ̾ô˵ѡ񡣼Ȼѡ˾û˭˭οﱾ˵ԴֻףܹҸ
л̫ҿ϶ҸΪ״㡣Ҳϣȥúö̫ƽ̫ݱҪӭȢ̫ƽˣǿϧˡ̾˿˵
үô̫ƽԪһЦ
ǣûУܹҹȥѣֻǾ֮Ĺİˣ㲻Ҫᡣŵ˵
֪ѣүʲôأԪЦ
ͷǡȥԪУ˶̫ƽ
ʱ˹ԪʹȻѿ
һθûо飬ôܳƵǺõĸأڳĺĺҸ̫ƽİ鲻Ϊκα仯ġԪᶨ˵
ʱǼ£ʱ򣬾ͻڱ˺ܶණäĿȻЩʼɣ̲סԪˮ
ܹäĿİһΣҲһҸҪȢǸమŮӣ˭ȢԪڿ


659 㸽

ȥҺһ뷨ֻȢԼϲŮˣ˲֪మһͼˣټ㰮δҲͬ㣬˰ɣ룬յһ̡Ц
㣬ҡԪһʵ֡˵⻰ʱԪ͸׳־
ãҾĿԴ뿴̫µ롣Ů˻ʲôЦҪ໥һڻ
Ԫˣ̾˿ȷ˺ܶ࣬ȥİ˹Ҳˡ
ֻǣһֱ֪ǽգԪ
Ϸ˵׻ǹȥ˻ϡ
ҶٻĲֱӺϷ˵֣óȻͲ£
еվֱͷ£ûʲôµġϵġϷԵø
޲Ҫ㵣ġڷ𣿡ˡ
Լû£Բȥ˵ʲôϷЦ
󵨡ŭΪܱһĶӣײޣõΪеֵ
Ϸ˿ЦϣܱҲȥɻ˱ܱӸǾŷס
ҪԸ˭˭Ҫġˣû´Ļǳ̫ɵŻģϣϧѵ
ϲɱҡϷŵ˵ҪȻǸܡ
սȭͷΪ뿪㣬Ͳ鲻
ȻϷ˰ͦء
ܣܱˣ۾Ц޻ǸȤġ
ˡϷҡҡͷԣܱģҵȻôҪĶΪ
İ𣬡Ϊƾ㼸仰޾ͻŹܱ𣿡?
ҲǼ仰ϣܱϧһϰˡܱˣҾͻȥ˵ŷҡʱ򡣻Ͼͻڰտɻ
ԽԽˡϽסüġ
ϣӦˣһвſԽϷε˵ѾǱѡ񡣡
ãЦȻϵޣ㡣
ô˵ԸܱųˣϷ˽Żϡ
ܱʱסΰɡܱˣﶼΣգ类԰ȡ۾׬ˡԭҪɱֻܱסܱˡ
Ϸû취ֻ뿪
߹ء
ԽԽˣ˼μҽսܵıݶڿʼˡ
Ӻæȸݶ˵ĺ󱳣ʤ׷
ǣȸȴҡҡͷʵݶȻˣǣڣɱ򣬼пܻ˱ݶ˵ʱȫķǡ
콫һųʤ׷񣬱ݶ˶αǴܣʧܴĻ̻̣׷Ϲȥ񲻷ʱ˺𣿡Ӻɻˡ
ȻǣҪʤ׷ǣǸʤ׷ʤ׷֮ǲһġ⼸սۣݶȻʧܴ󣬵ͬʧҲܴĻ̵̻ģֺֹǱݶһȸĵطȣɳҲսʿľˣЩˮҪһʱ䣬Ҳʳˣһʱ䡣
ǣѵǾؿűݶ˳ˡʲô𣿡Ӻˡ
ԣʱȸ˿ڲ˵ˣ͢Ҳνġߵģ˵ˣƺϣӺܵõȥӮһΡ
ࡣ
áġҪС档ݶ˳ˣʱԱݶһӺЦ
ȸĿϬǡӺ
˵ˣҪƺˡӺ˵
ϣȸ˱ȿˮߵӺӼ⡣˿ӺѾ˯뿪
뿪֮ǰȸӺݺ˲Ҷ
ʿǻǾˣ׷ż
ǶкӣԸˣռ˺ܴһ֡
ʱ߹Ȼʤգھǣ̫ƽȴīһ㡣㸽ëȥɾȻг̶СΡ
Ϊ㸽ͬƷвͬĹЧ
̫ƽ˺üֲͬ㸽
֮һ㸽̿⾭ֹ֮̿ѪĹЧǿˡ
ֻ̿ʱӵĽζ̫ƽеģеĴˡ
ûˮҲֻͣǽɾ㸽СӽȥȻлٵķ
һž㸽ıܿͱ˽ɫɢһ̱ǵζ
̫ƽˮ㸽ˣȻ㸽ó˾Ϳˡ


660 ܻ

㸽ӣ̫ƽȡҽΡ
̥֮󣬾;עѪֹܲ㸽ǸõĽҩȻ£Ѫֹסˡ
̫ƽ˵ĸףȻѪʱֹסˡȴԺ󲻻ѪҪһƳ̲ܹȫá
ס̫ƽЦлл㣬̫ƽڡá
褺ˣ˵㣬ҾҪʿˡ˾Ϳ١棬Ӻһ𿼵ġ
̫ƽЦѧԣΪʲôҪһأӾ𣿷ֿԿϡһ𿼣ɾͲһˡ
褺ЦԭҲֿģλϵ˼Ҫһ𿼡ϵʱ뿴˭б¡
ʲôǿʿȻҪ𣿿϶ǿءһ
ϲǶأǱȽϿöǶſѡһõˡ褺һ۵ˡ
ϻడ褺һҪŬǰ;ѽ̫ƽЦ
ͲҪЦˣֻ˵Ҫ뿪ȥҽԺ޶ˣǿϽʿŻ褺̾˿˵ʵЩ᲻üҡ
褺㣬ж־ķǲܱͥסģ˵ˣֻǳȥѣǷż˻ǿԻģڽܹϾǺˡ̫ƽЦ
˵ĶԣͲˡˣһϢĸϾҪӹˡҲѾ׼ˡ˵ǰЩӲãǳ̫ƽҵҩ͸оЩˣʱվȫˡ
ǵȻģǱΪŮл٢褺Цúϲ£졣
ȻˣǸ褺㡢滹Ӻֵٰܾһ磬ϣһ·˳磬ô̫ƽЦ
мô̫ܲǷǵˡ褺˵
ʲôҶûءЦҡܵܡ̫ƽˡ
褺㣬ӦöЦЦ㣬ǶųϲأšЦҪǵȼˡ
ʱĺ˹ū澵֪˭ҪϲˣЩǶķ͹ġ
ϲġЦѲϲˣ
ĺҡҡͷ˵ܹϲˡ
ʲô̫ƽڳǣһǻûȥ͹ںˣôأӺȥ߹ˡ
ĺ˵ūҲֻ˵ģ˵ϲˣôҶһ֡
ܣ⻳źҲм˰ɣϾӺһȥҲͦˡǸĴģ֮ǰû֡Ҳδ֪εЦ
û֣ôܿ϶Ƿˡ褺ֵ˵˵֮ǰȥܣŶӣ·СģҸ˼ȣ˵Լɶ֮ۡǰҲףôö˶˵Ļۣˡҿ֪ˡ
ܵܣЩҪ˵Ĳ֪ϾⲻС°̫ƽȻ褺㲻ϵʹɫ
褺йˣ˵Ķѽһ˵⺢ӲӺģӰģ
ôأӺģͲǹףӺġҹơ֮ǰϢסʱٸһϲءæԲ
ʱվЩ
ѽҲ⺢ǰ¶ôȶҲ¡ԶǣӺ뿪ҲˡˣҪˡ̫ƽЦЦΡ
ѽҲס̫ƽ˵廹ãпգȥ￴˽òã
ãããȻǺá̫ƽЦ
Ǿͳɡס褺˵ʵ褺㣬ר飬ͲҪˡ
ã褺ˣܶӣпܲǣӺġ
褺ΪˣȻ˵ܣǴ̫ƽУѾ֪鲻Сˡ
̫ƽȻ˵ھ͹ȥɣһԷ
̫ƽû뵽̫ƽȥˣҲܽš
̫ƽԺ廨أ̫ƽʹչȥ
̫ƽ˵ҾͿңôʲôأԺѲҲҪ̫֮񣿡
ϲɫǸ˵ģ˵ˣжˣ̫ƽ
ûأ˰ɣΪӺ뿪Ҳˡҵ


661 ˭ĺ

ǵҲǡ̫ƽϵЦʵЦ
̫ƽȥĸˣĸ׵˲ڴءϰѻӷѾߣѾȥϺò衣
ǵģҸ˸ҩ˾ܺá
ĸҲӣڶ̥Ѫͳˣڼࡣĸƽϸ̾
ӵǵڶˣôС磬벻ôͻˣ֪²ء̫ƽǹĨǵġѻܺϡ
ҲҪŮ˶Ҫӵġϲûз֣̫ƽ˵⡣
ôҪҪðϯ
òãȺٰڣüˣӺǱߵϢҲ֪߹̴ôˡҲֻӺϾʲô⻳һ˴ڼҡҲѹѽи˹һ޾ͺˡ̾˿˵
ֻ˵һЩЩҲǹȥ󽫾£ɵ߹ȥġ̫ƽСĵ˵
ѾȥıҪȥ𣿱ݶ˾ô鷳𣿡ϽôӺҪܾòŻ
ݶ˵Ȼ鷳ˣԵʱҪǵĹ޹ȥǽף鷳ðԼŮԶأ֮£ūǱ߾Ͱˣǹ޵ū֮ū˾Ҳûַ߹ˣݶȴ׼ԱݶǷѵ̫ƽϵ˵
̾˿˵ЩҶֻӺúչҵܡ
ӺǶѾҪȥԺͿȥչˡ̫ƽЦ
ǣء˵ˣӺҲǸ֮أҲ֪ܹܲȥȥҪЦ˵ӺĪûѾ𣿡ҲڵܻᱻЦ˵ӺѾ߶ңеģȴҪ˵Ͽɲ붪һ²һ¡
̫ƽ˵ҹȥãʺҲӴȥô˵
Ǹá˵ҴʰʰһҪأгԵĴĺȵõġ
Ǵĸİ̫ƽЦ
ϣῪʼ褺ӺıȽ磬ȴٳδ
Ѿ֪ͨˣٳٲǶҪˣȿʼɡܲΪһˣ˷˴ҵʱ䡣˵
ʵֻӦ˵ģϾϯٰϾٰġǣϵӣֲģ棬ôԵϱȽϿ̱ȥֻӰˣԣϲ˼˵Ļϰ˵Ҳлϵġ
ȻϵһϾ˵Ȼ˵õˣôҲܵԴΪأǾͲˣȿ԰ɣѾó浥һˡ
̫ƽЦĸ׾ģܵҲ˵ʲôл
褺˵ܵܣȥŷҳԷˡҿʱ֮ͳţԼ˵Ҫȥŷġ
ȻԷѾˣǾ͸ӦõˡЦ褺㣬ӺյĽӷΪģһҪسԣŲǵһ⣬պúÿҲǶͷȥ
褺Ȼߵǰ棬ǰ֪ĸҵнҲĸףǽڳ֮ǰȾĸһҲӦõġ
褺ǸТ˳ĺúӡϳ޵
ӺҲҪϾơ
ӺˣӦȾĴҲǰ֡ߣڶϳԴסУ˶ġæ˵
ӺĸףȾĸǶԵġЦӹ褺ľơ
ӺֹϾƣ϶һ˳Եڡ
ڶ죬̫ƽȥӺܣȻܵĶ΢΢һ𣬵ǡĳ̶ȾԲѾµģ¡
̫ƽϸһ룬ҲԣܲǲŷԼѾˣӦͷˡ
ƣҲǿһûûзϣڶ¡Ҳûȥ̫ҽ֪ġ
Ӧòȥ̫ҽġȥҽ
Ϊ̫ҽ϶ƶϳܶĺжˣһܵĺӡǲӺģͻᱻѸٴȥ
Լ˵ǲӺģôѸٵرȥأ
㡣ʲôܵʻ̫ƽĳ˼ĲĿζҿһûء
̫ƽЦܺóԣֻ֪ûжˡ֮ǰãҲûи˵ˡ


662 ö

ý㣬ΪҲʲô˵£ҲûýˣⲻԼ֪𣿡
ҲǣȸĸףĸٹңҲ֪ģ֪㻳е˻ءҵǺ֣Ȼˣô߻֪أ֪ԼҪһˡ񲻸𣿡̫ƽ̽˵
ⲻҾû̫ȣ룬Ͼϲõ㡣˵
Ҫأ̫ƽ˵ܣôҿҵ۾˵أ
Ҳ֪̾˿˵ҾԼ̫Сˣл̫˵㣬ƫƫҾͻˡҶû׼ӭء
ûʲô֮𣿡̫ƽЦ
˵ЩʲôǺ£ʲô֮ģܺȻ˵
Ӻ֪ˣܸ˵ġ̫ƽһãôȻˣôأ
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ҪҪҴ˵̫ƽٴ̽
ãã㣬ǵļ£ͲùˡܾȻȻˣɫҲÿ̫ƽøˡ
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㣬ˡܽŵ˵
á֪ҽǿԵģһ岻ǰЩӣĸ׵Ҳҵء̫ƽЦĿȴԽԽϬ
ǰЩӣѾҽҵˣ鷳Ҳ˼Ŀ˵
鷳鷳̫ƽЦˡ̫ҽ𣿡
Ҫ𣿽㣬㾿ʲôܺȻ˰˶ȣվҪûʲôµĻҲˣϢһ£ǲڴϡ
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Ϊ̫ƽѾ϶ܵӲӺģ̫ƽҪƵԼϣҪʻơ
ԲӺ£ⴥĿѽ̫ƽܺˣҪȳϡ
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̫ƽܾӴˣܾͲ̫ƽѣǵˡ
ΪܾȻӺͶ顣
Ȼֻһϣ̫ƽôԸţıӺ
ⲻΪ˶ΪӺĺã̫ƽøж
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Ůˣ̫ƽʲôȥӺ
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ܡ˲ܣ
̫ƽҲԲ鷢
˭֪̫ƽǿƣܾȻˣ㣬㾿Ҫ˵ʲôֱ˵ˡô𣿡
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ܿЦţһ˦̫ƽ֣˵ʳֻ˺֮ĸ飬ҲԼͶˡо˲֪ܵôܲӺģӺģǽң˭ģ
ȻӺĹ⣬Ϊʲô㲻̫ҽΣȻǻʼҵĹ⣬̫ҽԵǸΪʲôҪڵģҽӵùʼҵ۾𣿻ϳ֪㻳ˣ̫ҽεġ̫ƽ
̫ҽҪξ£ûʲô£ʲôܱ̫ܿƽֱӡ
Ȼô˵վȥʹ˵ҪȻȥ˵ˣʲôµģˣ֮󣬶ҲòĶȥܺȻҧס촽˵
ҪźͶһ̬ˣô⸱ӣҺİ̫ƽһ


663 

˵ûԲӺ£ǽӲǲţӲ˵ˣʲô취Ȼ˵Ҫȥϣ˵ҪŸһ̬ȣô㶼ǿҲ˳۵ģȻѾ϶ˣһ˲֪ܵ¡㻹ʲôֱ̽ȥĴԲˣܴ˵
ҲȥʱȻ֪¶֮Զǲõġ㱻ı˷֣Զ͸ˣֱӶ̫ƽĿϬ
ʲô㲻Ҫҡܼˡ
ãûΪʲôҪ±˵أ̫ƽƽ
˭˵ˣҾûܻǵˣ
ǣǹ̽㡣ҹ㣬ҹ㣬ֻϣķ֡Լϴҳʵһῴսõϣô㣬̫ʧˣ㾹Ȼʲô˵һζĽƱ磬ĺӣӺģôôСأͲǡΪһ𣿡̫ƽߵ
㣬ô˵ҪҴˡܶʱɫ԰ס
Ҳ˼ô˵Ҳһ㲻Դ̫ƽһ
ҲҲУ㾿ҪøأԼûУҾԼĺܣܹأͱˡ
ã˵⺢ĲӺ𣿡̫ƽסܵ۾
ҿûô˵ֻǾá֢ˣ̫࣬Ҳ˵ˡټǺܲһɣ㣬ûʲôµĻˡͿ͡תˡ
ãú롣һжǺӵĴ̫ƽȻЩڡ
̫ƽֻһʱ嶯̽ܡ˭֪ܻ᲻Ϊ棬ȥأ
Ļ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽֻȻʱˡ
ף߹Ϊȱľ̫˲ܡ
Ҫ˵ѵ¾̫һߣһĺ
סף̫ˡɺ߽ȸľӪڣͨ졣
кν飿ȸʵ
ҿӦѵףЩıɺ˼Ļش𣬿Ѿǵĺˡ
ɺ۲߹Ȼֲﲻ࣬ȴһĺïʢ
֯ɻػģԺܺõ𵽱á
Ϊ˵ȸɺóһĻؾ
ף뿴˵գɺ䡣л⻤ؾϡ
ֻһ죬ؾȴƺûʲô󰭡
뿴ɺ⻤ؾݵȸǰ
ȸϸһ֮ĵͷ
ܺãֵƹ㡣
ܿ죬ɺͳʮʿרŴؾ
ʱݶϣΪԵΪϯ
Ȼյǿպݶ˸ϲ֦ľϺȾ졣
ڣһжܰڵİӿĵˡ
ɺԴһ֧飬ڳصѲߡ
ʱµľбݶװ
ɺ׼صʱͻȻǼһŵһζ
һζǱݶ˳ڸζ
϶˻ˡɺͷһ
ɺóȻݾߣҪнץס
Ǻܿ죬ɺͷ취вͨ
ǣɺƾͼơǲ
ݶǲҽˣҲôţóԺúȵİɡ
ɺĵĴš
ˡɺسǵĽʿеԼߣһȾһ⡣
һֱٹسŵʱм˳ȥ
ˡߣйӳˡ
ɺţݶ˽ͻᷢ͵Ϯ
ȷ
ȸɺ鱨֮󡣺ǳԾ
ɺԣǾһսҪȫ׼
ײعڽšݶ˽ػװ͵ϮֻҪݴͣʱɱֲ
̫ɽԺܿͺˣΪǳһ˷£û¹⡣
ݶյ̽ӵ鱨ҹϮ¡
ʱɺѾѰձŲ
ǽϣĶʯ͸Ķ
ɺѾĹֶ˳ǽˡ
ΪԻݶˣɺѳǽеĻѺ͵ˡ
ˡɺδѶڵϣֻнԽԽ졣
׼ɺһԵӣϵÿʿĽϡ
Ȼʿɴ۾
һΣݶ˼ȫǰģЩ


664 ߸

ܿ죬Щ˳ǽ棬ԼУɺ
ɺûϷΪһ³çЩԿٷӦҪҲ׵ġ
ɺҪģñݶʧء
ڻ£ݶĹǲż׵ǽˡ
ʱˡ
ˣ
ɺͻȻһվʱǽϻѸ߾٣һ
Ѻҹҫ㡣
ݶ˶ʱˡѾǲܵˡ
ʱɺѾɳһ֧ӣڱݶ·˾Ͳ̣ųǽϴ죬ʿҲǵһʱȼЩݶ·ȫķסˡ
ʯͷɺռƻȻ󺰣ȴǵ
һҽݶʿһͷѪһڳǽ¡
ǱݶҲǷǳͣһ𹥻
ˮ
ɺҲ׼˵ڶֶΣܿ죬ðŰ̵Ĺˮٲһӳǽȥ
һҽΪǽݶʿǶʱϹˣҵʹЩ˱ش
ʱЩʿʼˣƥҲ궯Ҫܡ
ʯᣡ
ɺϷָʾ
⣬ҲǷطĿʼ
ʯճһ
ںʯܵϵʱ򣬱ݶĽʿǶʱֲѡ
ܡݶһٵĻӱޡͷܡ
ʯȼΪճһȼôûѵĿܡ
ɺĲԣҪûȫ߱ݶ
ݶܵĺܿ죬ɺùֳ
һʱ䣬Ļһ¡
ʱڱݶ·ϣѾԽԽһյĻȦ
ݶʿҪǿдԽߣƱȫˡ
ɾıݶǱͻҴܣɺĵĹЦ
ʱȸҲˡ
ܰһ̴ĺʿ
л׿϶һٽ
˵գɺһ֧񲿶ӣݶĲбܽݺݵĽɱ
ݶ˴ܶӣ
ȸȫʤԳ͢࿭衣
ҲһƬڣΪǶ֪ˣǹȥ𾴵ȸ󽫾ٴδ˱ݶˣ߹һƬ
Ҳͬʱǻ͢һ
ȥҽõļ󳼾Ի飬ϣܹȸ֮ǰ·ȸΪ󽫾󶼶
ֻΪڵүѻȻȸĵܵܣԴѻ̳ľλʲô鶼ûһ繦ͶûСʵԵֵȸĹԣֱӻѻ֮ǰҲǴȸжȡλٻȸҲ˵ùȥģټȸο˴󹦣ػء
üͷҲûдӦҲûвӦֻ˵Ҫӳ飬ƸԪ˵Լټپ
ɻ˻Ƕ䣬ģϵġ۵ģ׵ĶС
̫ƽڳҡӣԪΪ̫ƽִɡ
ĺɶӣվڶԣкϴõˮ
ΪΪҴɡˡѽֲҪΪ¡̫ƽ۵˵
ΪԼδ޴ɡҵҡҲۡԪ΢΢һЦһСƬϣ͵̫ƽߡ
̫ƽ졣ԪͰ͵̫ƽ
һɿڵ֭Һӿ̫ƽĶź䣬̫ƽֻһˬ
硣˵ȸ˱ݶˣ˴ˣ̫ƽЦ
Ԫͷüëȴǡ
ǿԺܿͻˣ̫ƽ˼ˡ
δءȸ˵Ҫѱݶȫ𣬾ҪñݶŻģ£Ҫ´򡣡Ԫ̾˿˵
ϲ£Ϊʲô㿴ȴأ̫ƽһѣԪ
ĿԣԪ§ס̫ƽƷ̫ƽϡ
̫ƽǲҪ˺òã㲻ġԪ̾˿˵
Ϊʲô֪Һںȸǵġʲôˣҡ̫ƽˣң硣
Ԫ̾˿˵ȸӮˣӮôʣǺ»ǻ¡
̫ƽһ⵱ȻĴ¡٣ǻȸԾԺԹҸˡ
ΪǵĻȸԾȸŻṦ߸ԻϵĶȸ𣿻ȸƽĻ𣿻Ҫ֪ȥǻϰȸᵽ߹ȥģȸǿ飬֤˻ϵľʧ𣿡Ԫ̾˿˵Ѿ飬ϣȸǻûдӦҲûвӦ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
̫ƽһϣĪǻȸ֣


665 Ϊ

ȻԹŹ߸ûһк³֮ǰΪ飬ȸһȸҿδƽĻصǣΪϲлȸܰյĤݣڻУܹܽĤݵֻǻһˡԪ̾˿˵
ȸ˱߹أñݶŷɥϺȸǸԼԾĹ𣿽˭Ϊ߹أ̫ƽ߷߲ƽ
λҲȥ˺ܶྫЭȸѾȸ˵ˣҪѱݶȫȸҲӣʤ׷ѱݶôûк֮ǡūݶ˵ϻẦ±߹û˷𣿡Ԫס̫ƽ֡
̫ƽǳԪҲͬܣϧԪû뵽Ҫôȸ
񾡡أݶϾͲҪȸˣ̫ɱˡУôӦдһţȸҪеıݶˣһҪһûϾȸãܻš̫ƽһ
ȸԸ񣬱Ȼ᲻ʤ׷ݶȸԸȸΪ˸˽¶ðմڲˡԪҡҡͷ취ҲУΪȸϡ
ʵҪ۸𣿾Ϊȸ̫ˣȻҪɱ𣿡̫ƽ
˵ˣȸδǺ£ϲӦΪҪɱȸǻΪʲôû˵ӦأӦһΪҪŴ󳼣ʱֱӲӦôͻ²ĲÿڱⲻڻϣҪ͵͵赶ɱˣȸ󣬻ټٴȱһ߸ȸ˻ûǸǻϼȴӦֲӦԭ򡣡Ԫ˸ˮԣ֭촽
̫ƽԪ졣
ҪдŸūūӣȸˡȸͶūܱȻá̫ƽ̾˿˵
Ԫһ̫ƽֻ˵ĳġȸͶѹѽ
ľܣ˲ӢΪʲôҪڻϲأūӻǱȽӢģҼġͶūҲȸһõĽ̫ƽ۾һɺ
һͼĶǿĻϣҪ˵ȸˣ̫ƽóˡ
ǣҲ֪ȸʲôƢȸԼҲᱳѴġԪ̾˿˵
УҪȥȸдš硣ҲдһȰȸȸͻͬͶūģȸһ·̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
ػһҲܾȻȸػʲôأ
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Ҳ֪ʲôǺ£ʲôǻ£ֻȸţȻôе㻹ϣȸϺ𣿡̫ƽˣ硣ôѪ֪ϲҲŻ𣿡
ҲǰŻϣֻǾȸ£дҲûõġԪ̾˿˵̫ƽ˽飬˵ˣūǱҲһᰴǰŵ
ô֪УҪΪ룬͸һԣҲȸܹŵΨһᣬҪȻһһӵġ̫ƽˡ
ĺҲΪ̫ƽż
Ԫ̾˿˵ã̫ƽΪ㣬ԸȸдţǣȸͲ֪ˡ
̫ƽŸȻĽë飬Ѿ΢Цˡ
Ԫ̫ƽıӣЦ޳в۵أġֻҪϲģҲ᲻ġ
Υԭ£ԲԣͷȻжˣ̫ƽ޵øˣԲúˡ
֮ǰŵӽԺҲֻҪԲޡʲôԡӽԺԪԭֻһǾҸ⡣Ԫ˵
ĺɸжؿ
̫ƽʵ㣬˵Ѿ߶жˡ
ȻǷġԪЦ
ǣԪ̫ƽִšɸ봫߹ȸ
ԪߺٹˣλСӹˡ˵ָססˣ
İˣӾ̫ƽϲ⣬ˡгȥӸһǣһǣ֪İϲǣӾҪǣסˡ
ǡūȥԸȥˡ
ûãױһ̫ƽǰ
̫ƽһӸ
İտɫˣ̫ƽ˵Ƕûгɹ̫
İյͷ
Ӿ˵̣ʵ˲õϢȷһ¡


666 ˽

̫ƽ̧ͷİգİյ˵̣Ҹǲĳˣ
̫ƽ⡱һסˡ
ǣô֪ģ
Ӿ˵̣ȥɽϿˣûҸ׵Ӱô£̫²ǰҸ׹صúúõô᲻ˣ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ְĲǴˣоİ취ˡ
ڣҸİãȻʵ̣˵ġҸ׺úõġǣҸأ
̫ƽεرܿӵĶӣ˵Բ̶ʳˡǡҲġְһҪߣҲûа취
ӾžĹ⣬İ˵ĶԡǿйסǵĸףֻҲ̫ãõʹġ
ǣôΣգȥأİնˣһ˫۾ˮݡᶼˡ
̫ƽæóİղ˲ˮ˵ҪѹڹٸְѾˡûвˡְĲ¡
ǣҪ£ϢϵڡӾͷʱûϢõϢ
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̣ҸӼǵã㲻Ӹ˵̫࣬ʺɹ˳ԣʱɿڡİʵ
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İյ˵ͷ̸ǰѾסĺ
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ǵȻӱϾǺӡûãȻЦˡ
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ŷ׾Լ˺ü꣬Ǹͷ͹⻬ǻոµɫӣϵĺ붼޼¡
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ŷ͵͵ذԼ֣ʫֱϣԼƣסϸֱͬ֬˵̫ˡϷ˴뱲ˣûȵŮӡ
ձŷ¸أͲҪЦˡҶˡ˵꣬ʫڸ
ѽɱˣһޣҵĶˣ޻ˡŷֱֱؿʫ٣ǰԴսˣʫĶ˵Ϸҵõ¾һʱϷ򶼿ĵˡ
ʫŷһ˵˵ЩʲôŮŷֻепߣΪŷǸ˵ģ˭뵽Ȼ뵽һȥ
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ŷҲ鳡ˣףʫܻӭܹݡ
ŷ׺ġ
Ͼŷݺ鳡ôˣԺôӣ֪̾
Ȼŷ׵ĶֻһŷŮȴúܡ
˶˵ŷûжںҲ˸˶ӡ
ŷŮȥ׵ġֻжӣŷͶԴġ
ǣŷ׺Ȼ§סʫʫôôŷ׶֡
ˡʹҰɣһΣваŷ˵šӡ
ޡʫŷȲӾ£ΪȥʫḰԼ
ɣŷģǲӦһ¡ʫ۾ʪˣŷûҺ𣿡
ŷ׵֣΢ˡһ˵ãʲô¡˵ܰ쵽һ
ʫ̾˿˵̫ˣ·ꡣ޹ңϣ̫ӵλá
еѡϺİˣȻǻıġɻ϶ΡѾѶĸ飬תƵϣˡΣ˴̿д̻ϣҲںΪ󡣡ŷЦǰ˸Ӵŵġ
ô˵û취ˣɣҪɶ󣬲̫ӣɹ𣿡ʫ˵

ʲô֮ǰ첻ˣԲԣʫˣոջ˵ĵأ
ãҾҪһҪȻ㣬ȴòôأŷ˵꣬ȥʫĿӡ
ﲻ㡣ʫҲ


667 

ãȻ˵ﲻ㣬˵﷽أŷ׾Ȼģ
ѵ˵﷽͸ȥ𣿡ʫƿһ㣬΢΢һЦ
֪Ǹģ뵽һȥĵطŷ׾Ȼš
Ÿʫ衣ʫɲϣԼϺˣϺš
Ҳûпĳ⡣ʫ侲
Ϊʲôôأŷ
ᣬһ˻Ҫңɹ𣿡ʫܿŷ׵עӡ
˵³çһ㣬ǸԪ׶ԸΪʲôȥԸԪأҾһܺõİ취ǲȥԸԪȻ֮䣬㻳ҵĺӣʱ֪лҲ֪ǺӣҾͷǺ̫ӣ𣿡ŷ׾Ȼ̣ġҵĶ̫ˣµҶӣұȻǰȥ
̫ˡʫֱķôƭ֮ϿˣȴҪŻϣ黢㲻֪𣿵ʱԿĻҡ
ǣ㵥ʲôأҪԸͶԸŷЦʹս
ֻһԸô㣿ʫƿŷס
Ҳ˵һҪȿҵĳ⣬ſϸһΣŷ׿ɲõֵķˣǣֲǵһΣΪʲô
ȻҲǵһΣҲŮˡʫսȭͷ
ãҾϲܹݵӣҴӦˣ취û϶̫֮λˣȻٸҡŷ̵˵Ըʵ̫ˡ
ʧȥ󣬼ʧȥУ϶Ķ衣
ֻǰ̫λðˣģҪ˴ˡʫգգ۾
ǾͿûиҳˡŷ׽ƻһЦ
ãҲӦ㡣ʫ̾˿˵
ǾһΪŷˣԸ󣬶ŷ˵Ǽֱ׾ٵ¡
Ϻ꣬󡻹⣬ҪΪԪ𣿡صʫͿˣˣϽ칬õĺù
̫ƽźӸԪԪ˵̫ƽʫͼסˡ
ʫΪԪϲŮӴϺӡԣʫҲù˸ʫһӡ
ⲻʫҲˡ
֮ǰʫ׼Ԫߵ·
ˡūֱԣ̫²ǶȤӡݺɫ
졣ʫǳøжǴûеٵŨҵģǹˣѵ֪
ūֻǲϣˡݺʵ
뱾ˣ͸ϽȥС·ϵţԪûСҪԪʱϹ߱Ϊܲţᱻ˵лģ֪ʫɫһݺ
֪ū͹ȥݺˡ
ʫһûõĶҲԼʲôӣ͹˵ҲܱԪϣǳȻһᶼûУ
˵꣬ʫֶžɦͷŪףʫһֱԼòΪ³ԽԽ̫ƽûһ˵òȵùʫ̫ƽ̫һ㡣ʫһḾ˵ĳ
ʱԪȷˡ
Ԫߵ㣬һߵ㣬һ飬һỨһʱһżű߻һ壬ԼԼġ
ݺȥʫ
ʫȹˡ
ȿȡʫԪűߣһ۸㡣̫£岻óģҺܰԡҲһɡ
Ԫûпʫһۣʫ˵ˡ
ʫƺѾϰԪ䵭ȥ˵㿴ͷϴӺòÿҼǵܹҲдͬġ
ᵽ̫ƽԪ΢΢תͷȥʫͷǾĺӣЦȻǶʩЧ򭰡
ʫǳ̫£˵ô˵ѵ㲻֪׼ôãϣ㿴һôôŮ˵أǶ˵ŮϲҾǶ˵ѡ
ߵӣҾ;¡Ҳϲʱ˴˵עԼݣپݵĻҾʹˡԪĮ
󺰣Ҫʲôѵûϻҿǻ谮ӡʫҲ˿ʾ˵ˣιһϢ


668 ̫ƽ

ҶĺϢһȤûСԪЦߣҪȻҵ㣬Ҿȥүүһ״үүô㡣
̫ƫģܹ˵ģ˵ǼǹĶǷ̣ȴ֪ܰңܹʫŵذͷ󣬺ܿҪ̫֮λˣҵĹ͡
ԪЦÿ˶ܸ̫ƽȵġδ̫Լˡ
Ҳ̫ʶܹʶңǸû󵽵ĵҶ̫İġңҲԹ޻ڵġʫЦΪ㡣ŷȥԸԪΪôࡣѵܹҸ߿һ𣿡
Ԫһʲôŷȥʲôˣ
µҲ¸˵ŷסж㣬ΪѾǸˮˣҲģֻԺҪôĮʫ˵꣬˫ѾϾᣬȥ滨꣬Ρ
κһеģʱʫ㲻ĶҲʫϧ
Ԫ֪ʫʲôģʫļЩʲôԪ˽ģôϵأ
˴ΣԪɵһЦԲһжûãҲΪҸܶ࣬ⶼҪġҲҪ㸶ģ㲻ܶôûйϵҷȰ㲻ҪٶҾ
ԪĮʹʫģԴӼԪ˧ûκʫҲסˣһҲŷʲôҾʲôŷײ𣿶ҵҪ˵ĵ΢
ǣڿֻҪҶ࿴һۡͻ˵ԼģǵҶ࿴һ֮Ҳôߣ֮ǰְľһһߵģѵһǵڶְ𣿡
ְĵļѾʵʫôһˡԪѾ֪һУȻʫԶԶܿʫʾöûá
ô֪Щģѵ˭߽𣿡ʫʵ鲢ǲģ϶˺˵˵ҸûжԲְģûжԲ
ʫʲôģûȤ֪ں֪Ҳ˵ҲκεĽӴپݣҾҪȥ߻ϡʱ򿴻㣬ҡԪ˵ꡣתͷ㡣
ʫˣ֮꣬ʫûһ˲ˡ
ʱʫԪǳҲӡ
ΪԪʫԣмսԡ
ʫǸϲԪˣõĸоʹʫġ
£ʫˡ
ֻǣʫҲû뵽ʫԪĶԻ·˸һ벻ʫҲϲԪԪȻܴѹҹȥҪУ̫ƽһֱԼ̫֪Ԫʫ˵ôõĻһǳԴסҪȥ̫ƽ̫ƽҲһԼİҡڲĸо
Цţ˶Ժ̫ƽ
滨ˣһЩ滨㳢һɡ̫ƽӭ
л̫ƽ㡣ôáЩҲ֪Ҫò˵˵½ģ˵½㲻֪飬Ժ֪ˡòˣ̾˿˵
˵ʲôѽôĻˣȥɲġȥʲô˵ʲô˼дϣҲԣھڻʹûȷҪڵˣֻǶңҲȻ̫ƽ̾˿˸е˵Ҳ±ûиɾ飬ͬʱϲͬһ˵ʱ
ܿЦþ˵ˡý·Ͽ̫¾Ȼʫݣ˵˺һĻҽŶվˣ˵˵ȥǵ˵ϲ̫£̫ҲûоܾҪȻ̫ˣ
̫ƽһܼȻô˵Բ˵ѣпܣ̫ء
ʲôأ̫ϲʫ˵ƿʫ뿪ѽΪʲôʫ˵ôõĻأⲻ˽ʲô㣬Ҹ˵Ҳǳ˽ģϣҸģֻû뵽̫ﾹȻˡܷ߷߲ƽ
֪ã̫һ̫ƽ˵ͷΪȻ
ôأ˵˵ʲô滰ֻ¼ְѽˡҲУͱţһ˱أҿ㻹ɡȰ


669 

ãл㣬֪ˡ֪ҲǺ⣬Ԫġ̫ƽЦ
ôôԪأĪǽ㲻𣿡ܼˡ
ҵȻãֻǾÿÿˣԪԭġҸԪһôˣҶΪ˻Ǻ˽ġ̫ƽЦ
ǣ㡭֪ﳤúƯ϶סˣ̫ҲˣסҲѽ֮ĲѽܿϣԪӡ
̫ƽһЦ֪ˣãһעġˣ˵˵áôˣӻ𣿡
ܵͷáϾҵĺӣֻҪ㲻Ҫãûġ
̫ƽһ̥в̫ƽˡ
ã£Ҳ˵ֻǡϣԺܶӺһ㡣̫ƽ̾˿˵ʱ䲻ˣȥɡ
ŲáԼԻȥˣ㡣סӦҵģ˵һ
̫ƽɫãҴ˵ûݵĻ
Ӧ֪Ǻ⡣ܺȻˣ㣬ҵĺӣӺġ
ʵҲûӺ᲻֪
ܺӺ֮䣬ûй֮ף˲֪Ӻȴ֪ġ
Ӻ֪ܻˣǿ϶ӺĺӡӺһ
ҪѺõģҲԹ
ǣҽˣ˭֪ûгɹǿػȥ
ӲҪõⱲӾͻ᲻ˡ
ֻ˳ӣܱ֤Ȩ
ԣܲӣܲȨȥҸ
ܼϣڣʱƭӺʵдӺˡܷϵ
ӺҲͶϵãһӶ˺ٺͶĹϵ
ӶӺֻһ·ǾǣӶưͿӡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ã˵ǣǰɡ
ܻȥˡƿţȻͿŷ
㡭ôģܴ󾪡
Сļæ˵ūȥŹϣſڣκ˽
Сȥˡ
ŷϸָץס豭ЦôŶӣͲҼˣ
ܺµŶ˵ҲܺˣӦúԭ򡣡
ŷȴһѰ§ڻ촽ˡ
һϢ˵㲻ҪԼĺӡ
ŷ󾪡⺢ӹȻҵģ
ƿŷ㺦ˡҵסұ԰ڼӺӺĺӵģ㣬ݻҵһС
ŷӣ벻ŷҲҪкˡ
ʵ㵹Ǹˣǣô죿
ŷ鷢ԺȥЦʲôڣӺ۸㣿
˰ɡӺŲ۸ҡҶԲƿŷҺãΪǵĺӿǣԺ󣬾ͲҪˡ£Լġ
ôŷЦ㻳˱˵ĺӣǶԻʼҲңӺŹӣ֪ˣҲŹ㡣
ô죿ֻȥӺӺҺܷˣ㣬ҪҺòãҸϲ㣬Ҳҵʲôˣħϧȴƫƫĺӡſϣ
ŷ̾˿Ǻáʱ㣬ǣҷǳ㣬ܣѾϲˡ
˵ħѵҲ㲻䡣
ŷ̾˿˵ܶŮӣҲ̻֮صĳ͡ҴûжκһŮӶġǣȻ㡣ҾãѾϲˡ
ܹЦ˵ЩʲôѵƱͺͼŮҲ𣿡
ᡣŷЦҲ֪
Ȼ㲻֪ʲô˵ûϲҡ㶼һ޵ˣ书һɱ֮졣
ŷ̾˿ˡ
ܲ˲ᡣԪʫԽӽԪΪʲôƫƫܲУ
ŷȥ󣬺Ȼƾơ
ŷ׿ˡŷûϢ
ףˡҾҪӸˡ˰ƵŷЦ⻰˵ֿ
˵ʲôʲôӣŷ״һһѳסŷ죬ָʲôˣ


670 ¶

ҿûиҡŷЦ˵ġ
ȥŷϲŪŮˡ
ŮˣŮ˶ӸҲΪ档
ֻǣôΣŷƺȽںôأ
ʲôļٵģģȥѺӸõһӾˡҲûؼ˵˵ʲôأòɡŷ˵
ףҲ֪ҳ̻ءȴûһ˻ҵĺӣں׻һô˵Ҫõֻأŷһ
ֵطŮĺӣ˭֪һģָǸ˵ģҪˡ˵ˣýȢŮӣĺӡŷҲϡףҸһˣοҪȥأ֪ҲȻǲںģôˣôΪºƾˣŷذŷľƱõ
ô֪ǲںģҲ˵ˣôǿơŷЦ
ûϢ˵ԲŷĿϬ
ף̻صŮӣأŷ̾˿˵
ֵطŮӣǾŮˣĸҵŮӻ᲻ҪýȢ͵͵Ϊأ㲻Ҫ˵ЦˡŷЦ
Ҽǵãڸ׵ĺԺкüŮӾ޷ݸŸ׵ģֱΪº֮űɽԺģô׿ԣҾͲˣŷȻ
ȥŷһӡŷҲҸŷ׹Ȼڣƾŷ
ƾôŪŮˣֻᱻŮŪ㵱ȻˡôܹұȣŷҲ
ףѵĶѹ棬ȤŷЦҲ˴룬ɡǶӣһҪһ޷ݸŶӣΪӵŹ㣬᲻ұǿˣ
ŷ״ŭ鲻ǿЦģ˵ûûֵĺҲǵӣŷҵ㾿ô£ѵҵŮˣҪȻôҸǰ˵Ĵ󻰣
ŷģŷ˵ˡ
Ͼŷôԣŷ֪ӴڵĻΪŷҵŷ׿ĻŪӡ
ŷ׿ɲûӣŷµԼŷҵŷԼ˵ģŷᣬȢŮҲǺ׵¡
ôǲˣŷ׼ˣˣ˺ӣýȢĺӣŷǲҪġҲǸ
ûУûСףҲ˵ˣˣôĸŮôװ׵ĸأŷЦ
ƻŷȴѾ쵽˶ӵ飬˿ȴʼ顣
Ȼŷ׵һҪľܣܸŷ֮Ĺϸ;ᣬŷҲ˵ġ
ֻŷŷֻģûô⡣
ŷƽŷ׾뵽Ļ᲻ΪܣΪŷǸϵ϶ࡣ
ܣŷ벻ŷϵšǣҶǵŮӡ
ܻˣŷҲ˵ˣŷһʼûô⣬ΪӦӺģ;ЩԾΪӺܳûվͳȥ߹أӭսݶȥˣ֮ȷʻỳСǸʲôܻôɣһˣ
ŷ׾͹ȥ̽ŷû뵽ŷ;̽һᵽܾͽŵĺܣŷ׸Ӿ֡;ȥӺ̽ܡ
ʻܶ˸ʣŷ׾Ͳµ߰˰ˡŷ׾ȥ׷顣
鵽ܻô£ܾȻû̫ҽȥ飬ʱܿҽȥҵģлüζá
ŷ׾ʹסУ£ҲˣܻвŸո¡
ͲˣӺȥ߹Ѿˣܻв£⺢ӷͲӺѽѵ⺢ǳģˣŷѾȫˡ
Ӻϣκϻʤա
̫ƽ֣ܵ˵ҵѾ鵽ˣŷץסÿõУҲ֪ʳʲôӵסˣȰԸӺдţʵ°ɣҲӺԭ㣬Ϊ˴룬ĺӣҲֻӺܱˡҪȻԼ¶ˣͻܴܴӺҲ⧲


671 

˦̫ƽ֣̫ƽ㣬˵Щʲôװ׵ģŷҹȥ飬ܲʲôӰб˵ˣ˼ŷô𣿾ȻҪҵ¡
ǲŷѾץǸˣȻҽ㣬ҵĻмˣҸ㡣ŷѾ£ŷ׾ʲôĿģǲ룬̫ƽ̲סܷ̾ǳʧ
⻰ʲô˼ȻģΪ̫ƽ֪ܵŷġ
ֻܾŷײôϾȥӡ
ĪǣŷѾ֪ˣ
ŷŷĸףŷģɵظŷסŷȻȥ飬Ҳпܵġ
ŷ׾ôԴŷӣϾҲŷ׵ӣܲҿ϶
̫ƽѨ磬뵽ŷף̫ƽ˵ŷȥ飬ŷ׾Ϳ϶Ѿȥˡ
ŷ׾Ȼȥܵ£ǿɼŷ׶ǲôϲˡ
ȻһԼӻûгѾ˲ϲˣô˵ĸ׵ﶼ᲻ܵġ
ʲôұʲô˼㲻˲˵ʡҲ²²ȥġˮͺȣҲˮǲġ
̫ƽæˮ˵ˮʺһиȣİɡ׿ˮͿԡ
㻹ҶĺӰ㻹Ҳ²²ȥ㲻֪и׷𣿡˵
ҶΪãŷѾڲˣ֪ԭͺúõдŸӺ׼ɡ̫ƽĵȰ
ΪʲôҪдŸӺŽ׼أ׼İ취
ڻô㱧Ż𣿻Ż֪֮󣬻ܹԭ𣿡
ϸͲ֪¡
ŷѾڲˣŷѾˣһࡣͻ߸ϣΪǶԶܲ飬Ȼȥ߻ϡʱôأ
ŷȥ߻ʲôãƾ޾ݡ
ŷôû֤ݣо֤ݰ
ĺˣҲ֤ݱŷõֵġ
ŷѾ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣ㻹Ǻúù˺Լɣδһ˵أͲż𣿺ˣҲ˵ˡͿ͡
̫ƽ̾˿ˡ
·ϣĺ˵ȻܹûаѹĻΪʲôﻹҪȥأˡ
˵ԼܽҿҪôɡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ʱԪڶϣȺˡ
һݳۣϺɫ͸ŹɫЦݺ㿰֦ͷΣվһֻӣȴûд
̫ƽ߹ʱԪŰѵӷ촽£ĵѻշɴܣºɫë
̫ƽóˣĺȥ衣
ԪȻµ˵̫ƽˡ
̫ƽ߹ȥظԪ˲ˮôȻӣ𣿡
֪㰮ԪЦ紵Ԫǰ鷢ƮӢ˶Ŀ
ߺߣܣڹҲʫɣ̫ƽȻ˵˵졣
Ԫһô룿
ߺߡ˵ûɣ̫ƽ߹ȥ˵ŪŻ
ûУȻûСԪüë˭ǰģ
˭ˡ˵ġ̫ƽתҪߡ
Ԫæס̫ƽ֣Ц˵Щʲôʫʲôôأˡడ̫ƽǧҪġ
̫ƽ˵ûûмʫ
СΣʫҶסڻʹʫҾ͸ˡҶһ˼ûСʫҲ֪ǣ˭ǰ˵˵أԪսȭͷҡ
ʫ㣿ݣ̫ƽһô߻أûϴʫѽ
ʫʢ裬Ҹ߻ϣʫңδ֪ģҲ֪ʫڴͷ磬˵ŭʫϻӡӻһ¾һ£˵ˣʫûκεв㲻Ǹ˵ʫ𣿡ԪЦ
Ҳ֪ӾͲʫ𣿡̫ƽҲġ
ûʫҵһͷʹ·ʫߣҲߣ֪һҵģʫʲôԪס̫ƽ˵ҵǾãµľǶˣϣҸѰ˭Ҵ


672 ݶ

û˭ңֻǲµġ̫ƽڵ˵ȻûͿˣ̫࣬ҲֻΪ㣬һʡʫˣĻ̫ʫǽӴˣƵġ
Ǻǡҿûô˵ˣҵֻһˡҿʫᣬΪϣͰʫɱˣ㱨𡣡Ԫ۾ɱ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ʫûô򵥵ġ
ʫ򵥲򵥶ûйϵںйصǣ㲻ҪŲԣҡԪ˵ꡣס̫ƽ֣Ŀ纣
Ŀ⣬κһŮӶᱻݽȥġ
̫ƽȻҲ⡣
̫ƽС㴸Ԫһ£˵㣬ȻҪʫӦʫԶԶģÿζԭ·ϸʲô㲻֪ʫѾ·߶̽𣿡
ãģԺʫԶԶġԪҡҡͷЦ֮ǰҲǹҪʫģֻǾãû£ҪԶңʫûжʲôʧҾ͵ˣһ¡
ߣʫɲӡ̫ƽ죬ʫӣԼҪʫɺأʫԶһá
Ԫӣ̫ƽ̿ˡ
߹ء
Ī׷ȸɺİΣɺ֣˵
׷ģǳʤ׷һѱݶ
ɺ˫۷Ź⣬˵
ȸ֪ɺƢһѾãǾƥҲˡ
¡ȸתȡһصס
ս꣬սڣϡȸ˵꣬촽԰С״ס
븸׷ģһɺȸľһ
Ŵ󿪡ս˺
ɺ룬һ֧֮ʦٵ׷ȥ
ʱݶʿѾɾûз
ɺĿ겢ЩʿɺҪģܱݶͳ˧
νɺһ׷ɱܽһֱݶӪ
һ·ϣɺĶ죬Ϊ˷Ϣɺȫʹ
ⲢӰսʿǵս
ʿǳԵģȾ׼õţۣˮһ壬һݡ
ɺȫ׷ʱ򣬱ݶһ죬ͻȻס
ΪѾݶĴӪóһźŻз䡣
ãɺϾͷˣӱ޸˹䣬ⱨŵĽʿն¡
ô죿ӦѾ¶ˡһԵĸЩǵ˵
ûлͷǰɺγǵĿĸȷȸε
ȻݶʿһţΪڰ죬ûкźšݶӪܿܲǿء
Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬ɺӿоĲ
ҹļо˾뱱ݶӪص
Ѿƣɺԭһϡ
ʿϢʱɺûϢɫڻɺֻǰ̽飬Ϊ˲֣ɺȫ̶ͽ
ڶ졣ҹĽʿǣƻ
ֵǣݶӪǰǹ͵ĻˣɺһƥٵĳݶӪ
ʱݶӪķǿ飬ȥˣʧܵϢûдء
һǧѷĺûᡣ
ɱ
ɺž񣬷ɿĳɱݶӪ
죬ء
ݶͳ˧γѣ÷ء
ɺĶ죬ɺһУһ߷
ⱱݶӪʶȼģܿ죬ݶӪͳһƬ𺣡Ȼ𡣡ݶͳ˧Գս
ۿɺľӾҪƳˣݶͳ˧سǵĽʿȫֿ
ΪˣسǵĽʿ˺ܶʯͷлҪɺչ
ΪӪˮԴߣڽʿǵŬ£ڵĻܿͱסˡ
Ȼҹǡݶͳ˧ĴӵۡѾܾûеоϮˡѾ·ˣʶʱߣճͶҿ㲻ɺվڳſڴ
ǹãȻû˹Ϊ
Ǹˡɺüͷ΢壬ԭƻսپѾ̫ܡ
ɺûԥһʱԼĲ£תƵһȫĵط
ʿȥԮݶͳ˧֪ǰ͵ϮľӼȫû۵˲˵
ɺһҪʬݶͳ˧һӺݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ɺûżǣΪǰԼ͵͵Ρɺ֪ⱱݶӪǸѹĵطóȻǰܿȫˡ


673 ɱ

ǸˮԴҷˣҿܹ졣ɺһ˵
ܿ죬ɺԴŽʿǣǽȪ۸סˡ
ΪԷһɺȪ۱ϣߣֹݶ˹ǿȡˮ
ʱһȥڵ˿ʼ궯Ϊ˱ܶ౱ݶ˿ʼʳе˵ؽѣʳˮᵽؽȥ
ɺʱ䣬ʱˡ㽫ķֽͨӺʹ紫˳
ЩֽҪôڴڣҪôϣ
ɺ֪һܻ֯ķǴڲ߽⡣
ܿ죬ݶͳ˧ͷɺļı
ۿˮûˣĵƽҲûˣȥڧƱزɱ⡣
󺹣Ǹƴ˾ǣҪҲҪսϡݶĽʿһҲѪաʿɱ衣
ãǾ͸ƴˡݶͳ˧
ƹݶ˵ˮ
ú¶һΡȴȴȫǵİա
ˮ󣬱ݶ˵״̬ʱࡣ
ݶͳ˧Ҳ֪ĻᣬԺ󶼲ˣ
һ󼱴ٵĹĵſˣһ
ʱɺѾʱ
׷֮ʱɺ֪ս֮ʱѾ
ֵǣȥҺȸҹɺ߾УЦŴ󺰵
ã
ڣȴûɳŢ·϶ͿһƬɫ
ɺǰеУһԲһ
֮Ѫɽȴûκ
ݶͳ˧ӭ˹
ɡݶͳ˧˫ֻŷ컭ꪡֱɺؿڡ
ɺһб˹ȥͬʱе䵶ɿݶͳ˧չȥ
ҵĻغ֮ɺͱݶͳ˧Ѿ۵ʱߵĽʿɲ֪ƣĽš
ڡݶ֧ߴˣҪӻسڣɺŽʿǽĸš
ʱԮҲϵˡ
ݶͳ˧ȥγ̽ҪԾ
˵ʱʱ죬ΪɿĽǶ̽ˡ
ûôףɺϷһ֣ݶͳ˧סˡ
ʱݶͳ˧Ҳͷɥƾɺڲ
ܿ졣ݶӪҲڱռˡ
ɺûдɱ䣬бݶİգǰĻָ
ǡ
ŷڶˡ
ǣŷҪ֤һ𵽻ǰ
ǸܿС
ŷţϴٱܻ֣ӶǨŭ̫ƽͶ
ǣŷҪĶܳˡ
Ϊŷ׸ϵʱǸУȻѾˡ
ĺȻɱڣŷ״󾪣Ϸ˹̣ȴΨûġʧߣʧߡ
ⲻ֪̫ƽʱҲպùһĻ
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ܿҵĺð̫ƽŵϵѪˣΪڸ࣬Ȼɱ޹ˡ
ĺ˵Уܹɱ𣿡
ܣ˭̫ƽ̾˿˵벻ܻ
ĺ˵ܹˡҲΪܹģֵá
Ƕˣһپ٣һ𡣲Ҫ˵ˣĺɣǽʲôҲȻΪѹΪΪҲ˵۹̫ƽɫ
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ֻǴȷˣˣҪȥӺ뿴һܣһܣľûڣ̫ƽ۾Ϭ
Ӻϣڴɴǰʮָ߬һȭͷ
ܵһɱˡȻǺµĺܡ
Сվɪɪ˵˵ɱ˻᲻£᲻ᱻأ
ôɱˣɱˣûϵŭ
Сæȥǣūɱˣûйϵ
ԭΪɱڣСĴżɱǸУŷ׸ʱ֤
ʱһѾ߹ͨ˵̫ƽ
ĻɰҪҪ˰ɣС˵
ôܲأҵ뿴ҵýҪ˵ʲô强ĻЦ
ֻվһţгһš
̫ƽ̾˿˵á벻ôϲˣֻΪϲ˵Ļϲūţܹȷūš
ʲôȷȷģѵȷġҾǴ㣬Ҳ̫߿Լˣ̫ˡЦ
ѵɱҲȷ𣿡̫ƽһ㿴УʲôҪ̵ɱأ


674 иװ

޴֪˵ʲôرܿĿ⣬̬ȴȻǿӲ
벻һڸ֮ⶼûУƺԼܹùˣǣùˣù͵𣿷ֻ֣©һһԼ£Ҹôأ̫ƽʹĵ˵
㣬ҿ㻹ȾȾԼɣҪԸ㡣ô˻֪𣿡ЦҲǽҵģ˲Ĵ
ǶԳУǡʲôΪʲôҪ̵ɱ֪ҲҺԪģʧˣҲûϵҲ֪ԪȻԲҵ¡̫ƽ˵ǳе
ãףȽᣬͷϡôǹҫ𣿡Ц
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ˺ҡãǶǶˣһپ٣һСʱͽ̵ˡΪǲͬĺأ̫ƽ̾˿ʵ
ͬĺ⣿㣬㴦ҸҺãҵĿⶼҲˣİԪҲˣǣܹͬĺ⣿ѵǸͬĺĿԪҸһ𣿡ܿЦ֪жôϲԪ𣿡
ԪʶңȻϲңΪʲôҪⲻأô˵Ԫأ̫ƽһ
ʱѾˣҲ˵˻Ԫøҵģû뵽˵Ҫңʵֻҹȥ㳰Цİˣȥ̽Ԫ⣬ǲǣ
ûУˣҸͲģǴСãѵ㶼ôأҰͲҸأֻԪܸҸӺȴԸҸ
˰ɣҸˡôܹҸأ
ʱѾ߽˵Ѿ
̫ƽˣԭѾһƬã߳īߺڣѾĻĺ㻹ǸѾɡ
δ̫ܵˣҸѾ֮ѾˣԶ˵ģ㣬ҷȰԺҪ̫ࡣõٲˡͿ͡˾顣
̫ƽ̾˿ˡ
Ѿˡ
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Ѿ§ס˵ãҪҪ̫ƽ˾ģҲ̫ƽ˶ϲû˭ӽᡣ
ʵǣ֮ǰ֪ϲԪ˵Ҫҵģ˭ֻ֪ңٳԪͺãʵ̫ĻˣȻ˵ĻģôĻ˭ȵù̫ƽ˵أ
ͶˣȻĻҲԱȲ̫ƽǰĻáܹϵôҺܸˣûа׽áѾס֣ܵЦ
㣬ģȻǸͬһսߵģֻڿ鷳ˡ̾˿
ʲô鷳Ѿһ
ûʲô֪˵©ˡ
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Ҫסʲôʱңܰһ㣬ûãҿǰ㵱ҵõġѾ˵
лˡܸжˣûѾԼ
ˡãϴ˵Ҫҽδ·ѾΪиˣЩ·ɾͲôˡҸһиԺӴˣҲܹġѾ˵꣬óϡ
иװɣ·áܿЩϾͿġ
ǵȻŮӼҡܵöѧϰһЩ̫ƽֻŪ黭ЩѧġƫƫᣬŮ죬ȴᡣѾʱ޵ز̫ƽһѡ
ɱ̫ƽˣҲˡܹȻмơ
ŷ׻ȥ󣬶ŷ˵ܾȻѸиɱˣǣ֮ǰѾ鵽ˣܵӣֻ£ͲӺģ˵ǲģ


675 Ѿ

ңȻҵġףô˼أŷ鼫ˣͷõ͵͵ģҿŷס
ŷЦģ˭ģҶӣҶ˽ⲻˡ
ŷ̾˿˵Ȼȫ֪ˣҳϡ
ڻ֪ɱˡ㿴úýܡȥԸ̫ƽǾǰŷˡŷЦ̫ܺƽȥǺء
ǸסҲˡŷɫ
ŷüë˵ʲô˵һΣ
˵Ұˣ٣ϲˡŷȻɫ
ŷҲûϵŷ˵仰һ
벻ĶˣȻκ˻Ҫ档
ǺǣҺܾûˡŷ׾סŷ죬˵ʲôһΪƫƫᰮ
ŷЦһϲòܣΪ𣿡
ֱһɺԣϲܵӺŮˣôԺΪأ֪ˣ˻ʼѪŷҪű۵ģŷˡ
ԭµҲãҪȻôȻôأԵȥŷ̲סȫ˵ˡ
ʲôԭģԭܶĺģŷָŷָ
ǰôʲô¶ñȶӺãӻȥѰһҵļаŷˡ
ŷĿⴹ£ȫһһģ۾ʪˡ
ǣŷȴû֡
ûϢȻϲһŮˡ˵ϲˡŷʧˡ
ǵģڵУԶôûϢڲһˣҾϲˣζԣԣǲ˺ܵģ״ôأŷǴޣִЦ
ӾԲϡԽʧԽãӺ֮ǰʧӺ֪Ӵڣ¾Ͳִ󡣡ŷǿѹĵļԼĿɱ
ҲӣҲŷҵѪѽڿ˵Ϊŷ룬ŷкȴҪնɱҿΪԼɣ㻹𣿡ŷˡ
Ȼˣ㾹Ȼ˵ŷŷһ⣬Ѱɡ
ŷŵԼ
ŷ׻ɫ˵һ⺢֪ŷһʲô³ûϻ𣿻ѾҪŷˣ㲻֪𣿡
ʲôֻ֪֪ǸҵĺӣӡòҪǸ֣ҪȻҾĵˡŷˡ
ŷʲôΪֻһӣҾͷҪ˳𣿡ŷ׷ǳһҪʫӳ
ʫȻռʥ裬ҲһֱûкӳŷʫУϱȻỳɣҲȻԺܳɴΪŷװ
ţŷ׾ͿʼԸˣΪʫ˼
ʱѾһֱŷſڵš
ѾͻܵӲӺˣǺŷףͬʱڲ顣
죬ŷ׷Ѿܺ˵ʱѾʵҲڸĿһĻ
Ѿˡܵŷġ
ȻѾֻǲ²⣬ҲѾŷҲȤ
ԶְλҾͽ
ѾʹˣΪ̫ƽ֮ǰѾĽ¶ʹѾ̫ãǡѾʽ򣬾ҡ
˶ѾָԽԽ࣬ѾԼѹҲܴ֮ǰ׷ѾģҲϲѾˡ
ѾֻԼȥˣҳ·ǵλ͵ģѾǲϲΪǹ۲ŷҡѾãܼ޽ŷңҲǲѡڵλϺѾƥġ
ⲻŷһѾͿˣҪѾ߰ŷȻѾ΢΢ƿһӣеŷӡ
ŷ̧ͷӵķ϶УһĨһŮڽ
࣬ᡣŷϲ
ŷΪܣ˽ӡ
ѾסŷŷһܣҪƿѾȴѵˣЦŷӣѵҲ𣿡


676 Ů

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οʱѾˣǹϸµƤչŷǰ
ŷ˽ȥסѾ
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Ѿؽе˼ҵһŶ
ŷˣԸġûŶ
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ŷһ˵ʲôʲôȢ
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ŷ˵ˡҪȢ㣿ǣҵģôȢأҿû˵ҪŶ
Ѿŷ̫˺˼ҵˡ
˭˺˭˺ҰɣŶ֪ˣǹͣҼǰĿģΪƭҺ㡭Ȼٱƻ飡ŷЦҺãҲɵ
ģ㲻Ҫ߰Ѿˣסŷ֣ˣʲôãҪһҲǸ㣬ΪβȢأ
졣ŷ˵ֲϲ㡣ǱɻҲϲͻǲϲ
ŷƲÿôûϵ˭˵һҪϲģ
ô
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ңһҪԭŷѾϲܡҪȢҲȢܵġ
ȻܲѾÿȴѾ
һ㣬ŷϲġ
ʱѾǶȻû뵽ŷ˾ģΪѾԼرš
£Ѿ˴벻İ취ˡ
ޣҲŷķġ
˺ˣٿϾߣ㾿ôҪӣҸˣȢǲܵġŷᷳ˵
ӣΪΪϲģ˺ңѾֱǿ޵滨ꡣ
˵ˣӿȢ㣬ŶûУŷķҵ˦Ѿ
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һûŷѾҲֻܰѿˮԼȥ뿪ˡ
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ЦŮ£ʲô뷨
ŮŮôˣŮǸ̫ӵһСءŷ׵Ц
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ʲô̫ӵ£ҽΪı߰ģ֪Ǳһ塣ȴ˵¡㾿ʲô˼ŷŭڡ
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̫ӵ£Ԫ䣬㵱ȻšЩ˸ͲɵġŷЦ
ҵȻԪĻԼ۾ġЩϷǲģҿǺģ㲻ҪΪҲ֪ЦˣȻˣҲͬһưɡ
˵գͰѾƣŷǰ
ҲǹȾƵģ̫ӵ£ܱʲôҶҳϲģҽ̫ӵıγȥӺҪ֪ӺĹͣһ̫֮λв֮һжˣǱδѰŷƿ˾Ʊ˵
ȻĹҶûıı˰ã㵹˵˵ҪôܳȥӺأѵ򸸻һӺôӶԾĹ𣿡ŷЦ
Ȼ˼ŷЦô޴ļƻ϶ġ


677 ͵

ѾƱ£̽ͷЦŶ˵˵ϴ
ŷ״ս˵ĺǲӹ̡ܽӺ֮ǰΪײϣӶǵûᡣΣ̫ܸӺдţӺܻˣӲӺģǻϵģֻӺҲˡʱ˵Ӻ᲻ᶥײأ
ʲôܻһû˵ءģ֪ܶ⺢ӲӺģһŷ׵ЩϢǴӺζϢͨˡ
ܵȷǻˣҲˣȷӺġŷ־ڱصõ΢Ц
ӺģӺң˵Ƿ޹ϵʶҾ͸Ӳˡĵ˵
ӺΪӺԲִҵĳ°ŷЦ̫ӣҰ㺦ˣҿһôûСҪҵġ
ЦܶӾǲӺģҪҲܺܿ鵽һϣȻƭңΪûҪ
̫ӵǴˣ֪ͺáŷЦ
Ц֪ұȻǲ֪ʲô⣬ΪʲôҪдţ˵öԣԼȫдѽ
ҲӺʲôˣҸӺдţӺţܿῴ;䡣ŷ׷
ǣҸӺҲǲϣҸӺдţӺͻ𣿡Ц̫ˡ
ȥŵʱӺǲ̫ӵģڲһˣҼǵǰһӣӺ̫ͬӵ£˵ѾһˣҪҶ΢һ㡣ӺһˡЩλûȥΪͲôˡŷ˵
ݣЦӺôҿݣҲ֪ЩӺģǼҵġ
ʲôǣֻǹ̫ӵµġ
ˣҽİ취ǣҲϣȥŮʲôذڰ֡
ȫû⡣ŷЦ
ŷڼ̫ŷѩ
ΪҪӣֲӣŷѩѾݵĸɿˣɫ԰סֽƬһ
ŷ׿ȴֻۣȻһӶϸŮˡŰ
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ŷѩʵףĪǣ㶼֪ˣ
ŷһԭĲġѩΪ˺Ϳ
ŷѩͷŷ׻ԲסŮǹġ
˭ģŷ׾̫˭㣿
ŷѩ
ѩҪңҲ֪Ҫôŷøװ㣬߳ⳡ𣿡
ŷѩЦףһܣߵĳⳡ𣿡
ܵģ϶ܡŷŷѩļеЦҪˣ㻹иס
ŷѩʵҺҺˣ
ô˭ŷϬ
ʮ˻ӣŷѩ˵꣬ʹؿ
ԭɵ󰡡ŷȴЦˡ
ΪλҪЦأЦǣҺǻʼѪͺðˡ
ȻǻʼѪôչ鲻һʵ顣ŷѩ
ŷװַŷѩĺϣŷѩɿݵĳ˵ȻѾˣͲҪѹҪǵãŷҵĺŷҵġصѪǼǿ¸ңǲڡ
ǣ仰ƺûжŷѩκμãΪŷѩڿޣ̫ӲˣҲˡףһȫˡ
ġŷЦ飬Ǹ߸ϣʧҲ̫ġ
ףɲ԰һæŷѩ˵˸ףһа취ġ
ŷ׺Ȼһƣԡ㸸ףǰģȻΪ㰲š
ŷѩŸ͸ôһϣ
ʱҡĺӿŷֱ˱ӣ˵ôˡҲǺ£̫ӵģġɣҲ뿴Ϊʲôĵӣ̫ӵŮ˶͵
ףƭңƭҰŷѩе
˵ĻԭǲŵģԼ̫ɵԹñˡŷĮϢ
ŷˣ
ŮϵĶӣ˵ô죿ŷ˵Ҳֱӣŭġ


678 ս

ˣȻЦ˵ЩʲôŮĺôҵģ
ŷײɵϸȻһ˵ʱȻһ㶼飬Ĳ
ǲģ̫ӵ±Ȼ㲻ϣǲϲ֪ʲôŷЦ
ŷˣʲôʱôпչҪԸѵҶʲôв𣿡Ц
СʱѾ˯̫ӵŮˣ佥󣬱֮ǰԵգŷҲǲ¡
ŷ׿Ȼãŷһͺˣɵѿڶӵ
һЦŷ˵ҵңŷ˵ȷԽˡ
ŷ˵ĸףǡĸǻϣⲻԽ
ŷҲ֪Լ˵ԣεЦֻ̫ϲˣҾҺŮܻĺӡҲǵԵ֡
ЦȣŷˣҾһ
ӦҾŶԡŷæٱ
ԣǳȻӦþⱭơ
ŷ׾⡣˺Ⱦơ
ʲô˼ֻ֪ǿġ
ƹѲŷȻ˵ȻôԵ֣Ǻô
ŷܹѡҺҵȻǺܸ˵ġУҲУ֪УܻϴһǲڡЦҿ԰ʲôأ
ڲҪʲôҰͿˡŷЦ
ðȻôõ£ΪʲôӦأûʲôʧԲԣЦ
ãôڵһ¾ǣҪŮ棬ΪŮίңȰ档ŷЦ
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ҪǣҪŮģŮͲ˼룬ֻҪŮһҧ⺢̫ӵģϸ˱ȻҲ̫࣬Ƕס֮ڵð취ŷ׺ǺЦ
Ҳã˵еҼȻҸŷҪܵŷ˵İšŷҲԲẦҵģǲǣĿ롣
ǵȻôϲ㣬ôẦأͬһսߵġŷ׾ٱ
ãȾƣȾơ֣ЦȾȥˣг˾ƾζ
ȻӺд˷š
ᵽܻˣһпǻϵĺӣһоٳĪе֤ݡ
ŷ԰ͻеʫ˹
ʫǶ¡
ʫˣŷ§סʫ
Ҫô˿ţһءʫƿŷס
ĵҲŷźЦʫʹҰɡ
ܡϷˣңʫ˵˵߶ŷףҾ㣬̨֮ǰң
ŷװڰ˵ǻҪһӣУ̫ˣҿһΣҪȻҾͲȥ̨
ǿ˵õġȰ쵽ʫ˵
ǵںˣҾûкúÿһΣһûŷЦסʫ֣֪һܰһõط
졣ʫܲӬһض㿪ˡ
ãǾˡŷˣϷʲôŮҪҪ
ŷˣʫˡ
ʫȴҲԸˣΪԪ˿ΪʫݣʫҪİ취
߹أȸƽ˱ݶͺӺԻؾˡ
Ӻ˵ұΪԳûϾǼ޸ݶϱϧݶҰܣݶɱ֪١룬һܺңҪȻôԸأ
ȸæοӺѹֻʧˣһǹܶ
ѵǳˣӺɫ԰סҺҶԲһԭˡ
սҲġӺҪˡŻҲǿġȸ̾˿˵ϧͶıݶˡܵò١
ҪǣǼûˡӺܸˣ콫˱߹أҲ˴Ѫж˾塣
һ˵Ĺͣ˽ʿЭŬȸЦҲˣϢһգͿԻȥˡ
콫һƼӺ٩
ʱʿ˵ӺиţӾǼĹġ


679 

Ӻģ룬Цţӹţ˵ǻȥһ߳һ߿ɣҲҪˡ
ӺأΪӺΪдţӺˡ
ӺжమܣǣӺҵĸоӺƯ˰ģúů
ɺЦǲдӺ˵ġ
Ӻˡ
ȸ˵ͷ˵ӺȻǹ˼ҵĺж
һӺŴš
ǡȸɺеֵǣӺӦÿţԽԽ˵
ǣֻڻƵӺſȴüëɫ԰ˣ֡һֱڶ
Ӻʲôˣ
ȸҪչȥǷţӺȴ㿪ˣùȥطյˡ
ʲôˣȸһ۵ؿӺ
ûʲôӺ˵⻰ʱȫڶҧгˡ
ûʲôΪʲôôأɺҲֱӡ
Բ콫ǿԳȥһ𣿡
ֻ֪д𣿡ȸʵȻѾˣǣ̸仹͸һɳȺȡ
ǵģǲˡӺˡ
ȸûпӺӣȻдģ˵ʲôأпܣ䣬пܣ˵ѣпܣֻӺѹӺҪмѽ
ǲģѾǶ֡ӺȻϳ˿ƺ쳾ĸо
ȸǾ͸ɺ뿪˾Ӻһ°ɣǣһǵġ
Ӻھǰֳܣ崿ӣû뵽ȴǼһжӰӰ
ţдӺģԭ˵ʲôӺţһβһ
ΪȻ˵ܺͻ˽飬ܻˡĺǻϵġ
ӺȻŵģΪҲֻлӣⲢҪģҪһǣӺܣûм֮׹ôỳأ
Ǹ˭ϵģܶѾӺˣӺһУҪһңȻܸеϣôʹأ
Ҫ֪ӺҲǺϲܵġΪ˰ݺͰΪ̫ҪһңӺܵѷ赡
ΪӺƯ̫áû뵽գҲˡ
ҲңһʼͲڣֻӺһƬ
ϺȻյš
ǣյûãȸӺѾݻ˱ݶϢ
ݶˣԭûϷǳ˵飬˵ôУ˵ݶˡزȥʹûϵĺȻڻ
ּӱޣɸ봫飬ӺѸȥѰһҪҵſԻؾǡ
ʱѾļǱȽʢġ
ס۵̫һ˶԰һ
֪룬˴صһƬµһֻɫҰèȴ˯һ̲һſſġ
ԺٻţףֻƣһƬɫԵȻһʵĵɫ̡
̫ƽѣɫ֦¼ӣɫߣϵɫȹͤԱ
ܵ£̫ƽˡ
Ϸ˻ؼҺ󣬻ܹ¡
ֻǡûɱֻܱǰܱ
̫ƽú
ȻϷһȥֻܱɱܱ˼
˼̫˭²ʲô˼
˵̫С
ԭ̫ƽŷѩĺӲġͺ
Ȼûȥ飬úӤǣΪ˸̫ƽǡ˽ȥˡ
Ϳŷѩŷ׵İ£÷԰˽ᣬҡŷѩס
ŷѩȻĺġǣСǼôԸͷϴôһñأ̫ƽ˼ţǳ֡
ĺ˵᲻Ϊã´ȥҲûʲôôأ
̫ƽ۾һĺɣԽԽˣȷ
߹˵̫ˡ
̫ƽ˦٣ЦԽԽˣҶȡЦˣ
Цū澸
ԪˣѾ˲ˮ󣬾ͶʶȤ¡
̫ƽյˡԭ̫ӣġôеʶõ˽𡣡Ԫ̾˿˵
̫ƽҡҡͷϧǣӺȸȻӮȴܻҲˣϺ


680 ʧ

̣ˮ̣Ӱߵʯͷϣ̦Ҳ̿
һȺëСѼѵںϷԵû鶯һСʹһ
Ԫ̫ƽԲԲ۵գЦӺͲһڱ߹ظֵء
㣡˵ĺҲڱ߹һ̫ƽװ
ãھ绨죬ڱ߹ʲôɳԪ˴ĵ
Խ˵Խ˵ֲʵҲ֪̫ƽɫ˵˵
ˡЩˣڳǽͻһȥɡԪЦ
ڸҲеúܣһȥһȥ̫ƽһЦ
ԪȻˡ
ΪӺʱӮ˱ݶڴ˵Ǵ͡ϲ£Ҳܹʾһ£Ǿʹ£Щôص˶ųˡ
ʱԪûΪҢ飬ҲֻܷųҢ
ǻص⼸ļңһϢҢв
ףТû̷Ңסة֡
ҢǼҢ𣿡ҢڶţȻ£Իɫ͸塣
ҡסҢةݵ֣ԼϸţǶӻˡҲˡ
磬̫ˣ磬ˣηǲŰ㣬ôݳˣԭǸӢĸأȥˣճ˽Ң
ҢҲˣʵգҵĺãȷˣȴˣνĿ֣ʲôϲˣôˣ
ȡЦңʲôϲأʲôϲֵõãҲ֪ô֡ձ߿ޱЦˡ
ةԵú褺㣬ء
Ң˲˵褺㣿
磬㲻Ҫ׺˵ûءյӺˡ
벻Ҳ֪Ϊˣ褺һܴ󡣡ҢЦˣģǹϲˣ褺һ˲ţĵƣǼѡ
磬ȡЦãþͲˡڴǰס㿴Ż;۸ҡ
ةЦôģеˡ
ףãѵЦˡո˼ˣ֮ǰѾܾûЦˡһܸˣԣЦˡ
Ң֣ص˵λһѧᱣģҲˡ
ڳɳֻ˵˹Ѿ޸๫ӡտЦ˹ǣ˭ͼ˭
Ůʲôģ˷׵ˡةȴΪ
ҵͦ˹ɼΣΪȴ谭˹ѰԼҸϲ˭ͼ˭ϲ˭Ͳ˭˭⡣۾Ľ
ɲҪĽŮӣѧˡҢ̾˿˵Ůӣ˭Ȣ˭ļ嶼Ҫ꣬üլŮӡ
Ңؼûãȥ̫︮ϣлԪ
ζ顣ҲȻҹⱲӣҶҪȹˡҢϿҵظԪҾ򹰡
ʲôⱲӣǰ뱲ӾûУҽʳԪװ
̫˵Ĭ嵥ҲȲ˶ãҿΰҡҢЦ
ҪлңȥллӺҪӺ˧Ӯ˱ݶˣҲ£뵽ҪųҪ֪ҲӺݣҲǰݼڰɡԪ˿ڲ˵
ϸûаݼڣܰҡҢ̾˿˵̫˵ĶԣҪлӺûӺҾͲܴ
ȻҪлӺҵиԱֻǲ֪ԸԸأԪ۾Ң
ӺȻҵĶˣô᲻أ˵ɣҪʲô¡Ңɫ
ˣӦ֪ϴӺһҪҵſԻؾϵѾˣӺȥѰأԪ̾˿˵
ȷʵ£ȻѾ޸˱ݶӡΪ˱ݶϱαݶҲ׶༪ٵģʵ˿ɱ̾ѽҢص˵
Ԫָ̧ͷ˵ǣ֪ȸںֻǣȸӻˣ˭ܴأ
̫˼ǡҸ˴ȸӶȸҢһ
ǵģ񣬱ݶѾ߹ʱᷢսȸҲ˷ʱѽԪ뵽ˣرȸӵ̫ƽ÷ݯ


681 

ȸ÷ݯİ׷ֻ˼
̫ƽôȸӣҲ˻˰ɣҲԪΪ̫ƽˡ
Ң˵̫ϣҹȥ滻ȸӻǣһô滻أ˵ˣҸǳö񣬾еֲɵӣһܿͬ
ԪЦܼ򵥣Ȼȸˡɺһ²ô֣ǿ˵ɺȻûģڳ⡣Ҵ㵽ʱߣҿ˵ΪսȸˣΪڳԴӴ˴ߣ¾ͺðˡ
ˣΪʲôҪѡأҢһ
ΪһҪô㡣ҪôҲΡԪĿϬ֮㡣ǣͲ֪ԸԸ⣬Ͼ±ҴĻ㣬϶ġ
ȻԸģֻҪƻУܹΪ㡢ΪӺ£ðգûʲôԸģֻܵǣҸոոžۣҪȸĻҪԶ߹أܲƳټ죬ȰѼ°һ£Ң̾˿˵
Һã㻹ûȢţҪȻ͸ѰˡԪЦȻˣֻҪܹȸһ㣬һ¶ǿԵģҲ˵УҲٿǿǡϾҲ㣬̫ƽǰ㵱ѵģҲȻϣ㡣
֪ܹﻹ𣿡Ң
ãͦáԪЦ̫ƽͲҪˡ
סҢ̾˿˵һ⣬֪ҵ˫Ųܹߣôȥߵȸأ
һֱţҲܼ򵥵ġԪһЦ
֪ȻƻѾһжˡҢҲЦˡ
Ц˾ͺãûôѹˡԪժһ֦ҧҧʱ򣬲Ҫ¶棬ͲҪ¶棬ȻһһָͬȥһҪվʱ򣬾棬ϾֻҪߡκװһװǿԵġҪй¶ȴҪõܴã֡
л̫ôġ
ҢǣԼ̫ƽ
ϡ
̫ƽţĺ˵׼Ҫȥһ˺ӱߡ
Ңˣ̫ƽȻǺΪˡ
ʻ˺ӱߡ̫ƽƿӿȥ
΢΢˷ܵĵʳզզǡ
洬æµһϵգʻĴβͣƺһͿ·ˮ
ҢһҶƣںӱߣһϸıӰ¡
紵Ңīһͷ
þûпҢ̫ƽȻһ˿ů⡣
ȷ˶Ңʵ̫ƽˣҢһ˲ţ˫ű٣ؽ
ֻ̫ƽѾҵҽҢ˽ŵķˡ
̫ƽ߹ȥӣϲηˣһûпһŵء
Ң̫ƽһ˫۾ͺסһӡ
ЩҢľ̫ƽ
̫ƽǺڰеһ⣬ҢҢϣ
ˣٺڰٲҢܹȥ
ܹҢȻ͸ɳӣ̫ˡ
ҲٿüͷҲ̾𣿡̫ƽЦ˫ɵϣź棬ˣԼҳʲô𣿡
ԡȻԡܹǲڸ̸ޣҢ˵
˵պ褺㰡ǵģ褺ĵģġ褺ʹȻͻҪ顣ĸ׵˼ǲ褺ˣϾ褺Ҫԡ̫ƽ˵֪ˡҲǺ޳ɵġ
ǾͺãֻܹģܹӲĵĻ߲ܸһδĻʵѾûˣ䲻϶ģҲԲȥʡҢԱ˵
ûУ褺û˵òõģĸҲ֪˵ĸҲǸ˶أô᲻ոһأ˵ˣȻ˵⼸ûˣǣ϶һֱûȥģΪڡ
ܹǿңҺܸˣֻҲˡҢã˵
ոմηҪȥ𣿡̫ƽһ
Ҫȥ߹ءҢǰԪҢļƻ̫ƽ
ôΣյ£ôȥأһ֣۾֮Ҫųնġ̫ƽ̾˿˵һΪҡ֪Һȸ


682 

̫жȻ̫˼Ըȥ˵ˣҲδܹ˵ôذɣҲµġҢɵ˵
϶ȸжôǺޣôȸؾأ㣬ȴȸؾǵİףôŹأ̫ƽˡ
ҲȥΪ̫˼̫Ҳܹˡ
Ң⻰˵üᶨʾҢΪ˱ҲΪһˣǾ̫ƽ
̫ƽж˵㲻ҪΪңҲҪΪ˱㵥ֻΪԼȥ𣿡
ôֻܹΪԼأˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҹ׽ҵģҲߵǡҢ֣ص˵ܹ֪ΪҺãôΪ롣ǣѾˡ
̫ƽˡҢȥͿ˵
Ң˰֣ҪղҲ˵ˣȸ
ȥ˱߹ؿɲ˵ͻġҲôأⱲӶҪڱ߹أ㲻𣿡̫ƽ̾˿˵
̫ܻ뵽취ģҺΪѡеˣ۹⡣ҢзǳȻ
벻ңҾλʧˣҵѣҶܹ㣬ﱻôá̫ƽε˵
ܹȥ֪Ҳ̫¸ĹͣΪûȥ飬ûȥŭϣ֪ʵʱȥ飬ҲܹнɡҢЦ
̫ƽ˿˵벻˴ϻۣܿһУôΨһΪľҽκ˫š
ҵ˫ҽκ𣿡Ң۾һӯӯˮ⡣
ǵģоһҩ˫Ųһ¾Ϳվ̫ƽЦ
ܹⱲӶ֪Ҫôл㣬ҵĵڶҢϲ˵
ˣѣǵ֪𣿵塣̫ƽ̾˿˵һȥ߹֮ǰĽҽκãҾԲ㣬ϵķʽȥ߹أ˷㲻ȸ
Ңȥ߹أȸһԼǳΣգ̫ƽģǰΣճ̶Ƚ͡
ҢӦˣôҵܹ
õȣҵȥҸģͿá̫ƽ˵
ģҢˣĿ϶Ҫѵ·ģ̫ƽһëѾͷ϶Ҫٵ
ܹôΪν˶أ̫ҲһϲҢһ
ڿˣûʲôԸԸġ룬Ҳ֮ˡ̫ƽȻһЦ
ˣҲΪұѾзϰˣǲҪҽ˰ɡҢȻִ
ôأѵ㲻ҳΪһʵŮ٢˫ŶβˣһʲôĿأ̫ƽҲִܹ
ܹҲ¡̫ʼɡ̫ҵľˣҲܶԲҢ쵽Ӹˡ
ģ㲻ҪԪôСԺԪҪϵģҪйؽ󣬲ңûԲԪ¡̫ƽɫʲôأڿˣ㶮ֻҪǲˡҶġ֪ʲôͷİɡ
̫ƽһͣҢ̾˿˵ܹôܺأ
졣̫ƽͷˣ˵ˣˣҪȻȥˣҲҪ׼׼Ҿȥңġ
̫ƽˡ
Ң̾˿˵ҪȴǺܸ˵ġ
̫ƽջصϣپ͹˵С˵ˣ̫ƽȥμӡ
̫ƽһǺ°׼ҪصġȻС㿴ϡ
˵˼СΪλأˣʲô°
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵ͲˣСܳΪ̣϶֮ȻСʤʲô˵ʲôܱȲţȴͱһҪá
ū澾¹ȥһ̡ǣӦԼԹ֪ͨٷ߷߲ƽ˵
νȻֻǻ̡Һ֮ǰ󽫾Ҫˣ󽫾Ǳߣȥţܶȥ˱߹ءӺҵĺܴ󣬺ڣͨ˱߹أ⡣̫ƽЦҵҪԣᡣˣ֪˭ȢС㣬ǳҪ
СûжԼķֱڽݲؽ
ˣȡСģ͵ڶȡң⾿ʲôˣž߱
СȻΪԣᣬǣ˼˰ȴʵ
Ůӣûо۵ģҲûʶ̫˼ն


683 

Ůӣעϲ
ΪС϶Ƿǳįġ
ʱи˹еĹӢᣬС۹СͻäĿİˡ
Ǳ˵Ľȥͻֻ˵ĻҸԸ˰ڲ
Ϊζ϶СԸŮ֮ǰܹģһܵˣͻɶ˻𡢲һС
ԸŮӵıǩ
СʱѾΣС
˲ϲСĻпܻڸСȦףһһС߽µǾͿˡ
ȻֻҪСǮܻýһ㡣
̫ƽ̵֪壬ԲҪȥСϲ˾ʲôģȻС룬ᡣ϶λСķ̫ƽлüˡ
ʱʫ󻹰ȻŷҲٹʫʧ䣬ԼҲûжԹȥԪˣǾĵȥдŸŷף˵֮ǰĻ
ŷһ֪Լ֮ǰܹݣһЧģԾͽʫԼᡣ
ֻǲ룬ʫ̫ļˣȻԪ¡
£ŷ׼ˣԪ֪£һȥ߻ϣ֪Ҹ֮¾ͲˡΪҵĻţԪԣҲҪȥԸʲôԪˣȶԸԪɡ
ʫȻﻹϲԪʫ֪ԪŹʫ
ԴУȷˣǣʫʹӦŷףȶԸԪ
ʫȻҲû뵽ԭǳҪԪģû뵽󣬱ҪԸԪңǸŷһ
ŷҲƴƴʫҪԸԪĻԪδӮˡ
ȻЩŷȰ˵ʫġ
ԪǱߣȴġ
ԪȻҲ֪Ȼȡܣŷ׺ʫŹԪҪԪأԪҲҪȷˡ
գ̫ƽǰȥҸҢġ
ҢȻŤŤڴһҶ
ôˣ̫ƽˣҿǻβϽģҪ˷ʱ䡣
ǣҲ֪ȥҪôʲôҢˣ˵ڲ
ôҪġ̫ƽ˵ɴ䡣
ǣҢôҵ̫ƽ·أ
̫ƽֻԼ֣Ң·һ¶˹ͭɫļ⡣
̫ƽ治ɫҢݡϵûм⣬ǹͷȴԵúӲʡ
̫ƽϸ۵ָҢĺϰ˰һ
Ңһֻúϸϸܵġһ̣ҳһԹԵˡ
ʱ̫ƽˣҽҩˡ
̫ƽȻӦԼС㸮ϡ
ʢĵʢʱڣȣСָСҡӡ
Сֻһȹ¶˹⻬ϸ۵̴ֱۣľϣѾ̣ϡ֦ȸˮкãñš
СżһԣҧһС飬ͰʣµӸϵĹǳ⡣
̫ƽˣС̫ƽ֣˼䡣
̫ƽ˵ǹϲˣֻȻѾˣˮٳԣ岻
Ҳ֪ءСɢ˵
ôԵ˶ûи˵𣿡̫ƽһ
˵ôҲǣҲߵһˡǶҪҡ㡣С˵
ãҸдϣЩʳܳԣЩʳﲻܳԣպˣպԶú̥ͺˡ̫ƽЦ
˾ˣ̫ƽСߡ
ˡҽһҪˡСһЦ
ݲؽҪصĽʲôˡ
ð̫ƽЦ͸øҿˣ˭ܵõġ
С˿֮ǰΪ׽ļѾߡϣû˼ģʲôģĻӰܴ˾֪ˣһܺúܺõˡ
ϣһ֥ӣһϴ˹
ֻǣ̫ƽһǣ˵ôְĳô
üĶһ롣ְһģһ
Ҫ̫ƽҲɵҪһ˭
СЦҷ˵գסǸ˵ˣֽУ
̫ƽһҲ֣
áЦ˵ܹȻ档
˵Ҳְһ


684 Բ

̫̫ƽˣΪһ˵ĳпʶôҲһģһأѵְļװ𣿤
̫ƽֱֱϬĿ⣬ûȴˣС֣촽ϣһ£Ŀ˵վ²̫ȥɡ
õġСȻ÷ǳᣬžˬ˺ܶࡣ
̫ƽû뵽
СôȴԱֵᡣ̫ƽﲻɵز
ʱѾת˵ܹҲɣʵ̫ɹɹ˻ġ
С㽿ЦҷͿɡ
СڿǡҷҷдŽͺӵСⱲֵýͿֵ¡
˽ݣ̫ƽ£ͿСڽͷӶ
̫ƽ࣬Ҳò˼ŵݣ˶;ѿˣȥʲô̫ƽøûĿ
ǣ̫ƽҪˡ
ôҪ𣿲һһ趼ûءС˵ȴûҪ̫ƽ˼ϾСҲһЩʱء
Сƽո̫æˣȻСǳϦ飬ǰ첢û̫ʱ䣬ദһġ
ڣСʱӵһͻСȻǲϣ̫ƽ˴š
Ҽﻹ¡̫ƽʶȤˡ
ص̫ƽڻ㱡
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ְģ
ְĴɽӳˡ
ѵǱСģ
ʵ̫ƽкܶС㣬ȴûлʡ
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СƺҪɼûкļңھвǹӣҪȻСôصסһݵأ
˵ְĴɽͷС֮ȻٱСݲؽˣпܣΪְıһùˣ⵹˵ͨġ
Ϊְĵȷܻ˵
ֿܵסְĵṥƵŮӡࡣ
ɵԽԽ࣬ϧûд𰸣̫ƽ̾˿
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ӺԴյ֮󣬾ԵرĬż̶Į
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áʥּˡ
ϷǳӺһУҪҵſ԰ʦؾ
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ҲǾãǱӺġȸ̾˿˵ҪȻϲôӺ𡣡
ӺˣûУô᣿ҵð
֪ӺᣬɲžͿ԰ȸҡҡͷϵ˼ԲˣǶӺ⡣û϶ǲ⡣
ӺƾƣǿҲҪ赶ɱˣñݶ˳ңΡӺҲϣӮɡ
ȸҡҡͷ˵⵹ǲᣬȻӺ⣬ǻһҪɱӺұݶһǻϵͷ󻼣ȥǻҪ֮һֻȻûˡ϶ԿλϾǨŭӺˡ
һлΪʲôҪΪҶʿǶز˼ءӺʹ˵䡣ĺˡ
Ӻôˣ˵ҪҪģȥ㲢ӵġȸ̾˿˵
ӺһҲӵģǾոʱӺҲҪҪġɺ˵
Ҳ˵ӺΪΪ𣿡ȸĵ˵ԲԵ¡
ûң̫ճ䱾û飬ҲˡӺЦȾưɡ
Բ𣿡ȸӺӦôƺˣε¿϶йء
ȸܲ˽⣬Ϊ̫ƽΰȸ÷ݯԼȻ̫ƽãȸͰݼڣ˵ҲһأӺλѽ˾֪ˡ
ⲻᣬѾˡӺȾơ
Ӻ˵ôأɲ˵ΪֵҺͷɺԲЦġȸɫ


685 С

Ӻֲȸɺĺ⣬ջ˵ˡ
ӺҾйŹ֡ȸһھƣЦôأϲȱŮѽ
ȸ仰ӺӲǻϵģһǺܡ
ɺ˵ĪǣӺôˣûԲ
Ӻ̾˿˵˵Ҳ˲һֱ˵Լ岻Ҳûǿȣҵʱţշ˵γţۣһһزأ֮ԺļҲףֻǲ룬һţܾȻȻˡ
ôأУһȥһӺɺˣ˵ֱˬֱӣһ仰ǺӺ֪ôظá
ΪϾӺܻиģǣɺΪӺͷ⣬Ҳ⡣
ҾãҲҪ֪һûлأȸϣӺܹϵҪǰ̫á
Ѿ˲ܵȷǻˣûƭҡӺЦô࣬ȷѾ˱
ܾãϲ¡ȸ̾˿˵
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686 յһ

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ﲢᣬܹأһ̫ƽյļ򣬸ж˵벻ôãĺܸˣԺҵĵϱҲ̫ˡ


687 һ޶

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ˣҲ˵ˣעϢ壬ҹٹҽνš̫ƽҩ䡣
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688 

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689 ĸĶԻ

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690 ˮ

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691 

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ˮ΢΢˶٣Ц̫ƽ㣬ЦЦ˷빬ѡ㣬ҿûƣЦЦأ
̫ƽЦˮãô֪ûأ
ˮҡҡͷ˵ΪΡŷҵĿĺܼ򵥣ǵˣ͵ʹŷ磬òƽƽҪѡ
ˮ˵ǣЦЦûгϵƣûӦеǻۣҲСηηβԸΨΨŵŵġ
ôܹ빬Ϊϵأ
ˮõ̫ƽҲȻõ
ĸ˼ĸ˵ЦЦԾǿԡĸûаյ̣ã£˭أӦķɡ̫ƽ΢΢һЦĿϬ
ˮȻε˵ȷҷҵġ
˵ɣˮòǹϢİɣΪ˭أΪŷ𣿡̫ƽЦЦ⡣
ˮ̾˿˵̫ƽ㣬ʲô㡣ǵģΪŷҵҷϣҷܹΪǶݵԭ̽һ¶ѡʲôƻҷΪѣҲֻҹ߸ʽ֤ѾȥˣʲȻŷҲ֪ҷŷǰҲ˵ԣ̫ƽԭ¡
֪ŷұϾŷ˵ģȻŷ£ֱֱȥˣǲãǶԵġ̫ƽЦ
̫ƽ㣬벻㻹佱ңҸжͬʱΡˮ̾˿˵ҶԲ㣬ӦһʼͶ̹׵ġ
ã㲻ΣھͶ̹ףҾ͸оܿˡ̫ƽЦˮҪͲߡ
ˮȻˡ
İպӾ˳˳Ҫ壬̫ƽ壬ʱĵ¡
վ˲٣ѧҲˣ̫ƽˡ
ʱڻƵĵƹֻɶųײƹ⣬ãͱɲлڵϡ
ָ˵;ϷĨڶϣһߴϷ˵Ľţһ˵ĸףЦЦʵʵ̫ˣ취ΪʲôһҪЦЦ빬ѡأʵҲֻ빬ѡһ·
㲻Ҹ㣬ϺңһŮƽ˺ۣЦЦЦЦʵж϶Ҫģֻǲʲôʺһ˵ϷĿϬ
ΪʲôϺͿˡ
ΪϺңֻЦЦйҵĺޣЦЦûòǻۣעص㣬òŮҲѾˣʱ෴ῴòƽƽŮӣΪ档Ϸ˲
ֲĸ׻ЦЦǰ˵мƻʵʲôƻûУұΪЦЦǱѹĽɫڿЦЦܻһˡ
ȲҪ˵̫ˣ˵ŷҲŮȥŷڳ͢СʹﶼѾ˺ܶˣΪˣѾˡϷЦ
Ҳ˵ŷһѡһ
ǵġ
ǣҲˣϿŷ͹ŮôŮѵ㱻𣿡ʵȵĶΪ˼Ӷ
ǵᣬпָܻɸĸԴŷ׵졣ϷЦϾڻõŷס
лĸ㣬ϱȻʡЦ
ŷϺ갡ҲϺ꣬ͿֻϺ궷ȥ˭ܶùˡϷ΢΢һЦȻ
ϼæϷ˴ĸףôˣҪҪ̫ҽ
Ϸ˰ڰ֣á
һԳ֮Ϸ죬Ƶ˵ʵʤҲδıȺˡпܰõһ
һԼϷ⻰ͻæ˵ĸף⻰ʲô˼أ
Ϸ˰ڰ˵ˡˣȥָҴŴַܼ
ʵԲĸףϱ̿֡ϱղûǶϱˡ
ⲻܹ㡣ֻΪʲôȥô磬ҲңûܱϷ˵꣬۾ʪˡ֮Һʲôǵʱ岻ãѾõòˣ룬ٸһλɡڶôˣǽ˶ãҲûġ


692 ֪

ԭϷΪָˡ
ϸпĸĵһū澶ĸ׸лز
㲻ΪֲҵūҵĽãһ붨ͬһ㡣Ϸ̾˿˵һ߿ܣҶѰΪסܶΪסҸĽϧ̫ߣ˭Ҳûа취ߵ¼ֵʬסֻΪһ¹ڣ
һĸ׷ģһȥãһֵλõġ
ЧʵǺܿ죬̫ƽ֪ѾλҲöԲ֡ʹ˼Ʒݡ
ԲҲҪģҲ֪ܶ˵ôҪһֱǲ˽⣬ΪʲôһôѾӦĸȥ׷ˣ֮Ҳ԰ϢˣңԸܻԶ⡣̫ƽʵѹƷ㰸ϡ
ô˵̫ƽӺһϸˣȴԶֲˡ
̫ƽܾˣԭϺȻЦӯӯ˽
̫ƽ˲ᣬվ𣿡
ס̫ƽ֣̾˿˵⺢ôˣ׵գҲ֪˵ԼⱲӶˣúͶһҿ㡣Ծ㣬ʲôˣôأ
еŮӱ䣬õˡ̫ƽһ仰赭дĴ
˭֪ϲţ׷׵˵Ϊʲô˵ᶨأ̫ƽҪ֪ʲô͸Ұɣ⺢ĺܡҲ֪£϶鷳ˡ
ûʲô£ѾúܺˣңҸ鷳ˣҾȻҲ֪常աҪȻ϶Щףһ¡̫ƽЦ
常ıȽϵ͵㡣øӺҲҪμӿˣ常ҪߵˣӰӺԡ̾˿˵
ԭˣǸĸ֮Ĺ̫͡ƽͷ
⵹ǣĸĸĲΪŮأҡҡͷ˵һ̥ĵ̫ˣӺҲܸոճףûվȥ˱߹ء
̫ƽæĺɰŴϣ˵ǻ⺢ӲӺֻɲܺ˵ģûˡӰľͲһˣ
֪ģҲ˵ɹϵŮǰ;˰ֻǾú£Թ̫ƽ֪̫ƽ³ȣƽǻָ̫ۡƽñˡ
ⶥñӣ̫ƽɲԸӡ
ʵӦȥܣҡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
̫ƽʹˣʲôԸ˵ûи˵ʲô𣿡ִŵ
˵ôûʲô֤ݡʲô˵ģ飬ٵΪãԽ飬ֵԽ󡣶ܲԶҲ̫ƽ˿ڲ˵
̫ƽû취λ˿Ȼˡ
벻ܵĸ׶ʼˣù϶ãĺʡ
ƻҲѾ֪ˡŷײܲ¶̫ƽë˲֡
ŷײû֤ѽĺɽӹë
Щ鲻Ҫ֤ݣֻҪûϲɡֵû϶ˡ̫ƽ˸
˵Ҫ֣ʲôأĺɷ̫ƽ
̫ƽɫգƵ˵Ҳڸô£֪ʲôܣ֪ϺʲôޣҲͲ֪ô赲ϵı
ν֪֪ˣڲ֪ˣԼףôܹȥʤأ
̫ƽȻⳡ̣䣬һĺܲҡ
Ϊ̫ƽûйһźͿƶһ
ʹá
̧֣һ˵ϣ۾ɺؿŷ˵㻳ܵĺӲӺģ
ϲţдȥӺӺʡŷʤȯա
Ӻûҵܻ֮ǰ˵ģԼԼ𣿡ָ߬
ҲдȥʣӺλšŷЦ
ҲУдŰɡϿŷ׵ӣͲˡ
ǣϡŷ׿ʼʣϣдˣĿ
ֻɨһ۾˵ˣùȥù޸Ǹ£ͿԼĹȥˡ


693 

ŷ׻صȥ׼ԡͰҪˮ¶ȺʣҪϴ衣
ղţŷڻǰ˵£濴ȥ򶨣ʵǳţ䤱ˡ
ŷװܳ¸߻ϣҲǱźܴģΪܳĶŷ׵Ķŷ
ܳˣŷҺŷ׶ӲΡǣŷΪ˰⵹̫ƽԪֻ߳һ塣
ŷױŽҾãϲ֪ŷġ
ԡŷҪֵĺܵţûϾºŷûһϵҼϴܣŷֻбףȻҲ벻ŷ׻Լ¶֡
ʵĺһϣŷױȻй֮޲ǶԼˡŷҲֵķǳĮ
ŷ죬ŷ׺ʫйԪײ޲ɱԪڡ
¿ŷÿն˯ţԪȥ˻ϡ
ǸɵˣȻһԪĻҲδػȫţһɵŷ׺ʫϣʫǸˣʶ̣Сһ̽ȫ˵أŷô˯أŷ׾οˣ
ԣŷײգû϶¶֡
ܳ£̫ƽ϶Ӳܣ̫ƽͦĻϾͻͷ̫ƽ
Ϊ̫ƽԪҲͦϻųͷԪԪʱȥ߻ϣŷ׺ʫ˽ͨʢŭ֮£ԾͲˡ
ŷһУͽн赶ɱˡ
Ϊŷ׾ãƾԼǾɱԪģԡֻܽû֣֮ȻϺܴôܱŷأŷû뵽ġ
˻ɣΪʲôŷ׻Ӻܵأ
ŷ׿ɲһе÷ŵˣԱû¸ɣȥԵ޹ʵعܶĺ˭
Ԫŷв˵ŷӦȥԪôȥĵӺӶԪðѱأϾú֡
ǣϣʫ޵ʱ򡣻ϾüͷƲ֡
ʫ·ȻЦʻʲôǳϾ˵֪ŷʲô𣿡
ʵֻΪ̫ˣû˿ߣΪ̫ϲʫԲʫģû뵽ʫһŷ׵֣Ȼŵϵ·˵ϡ
Ϊʲô˻أϬĿ˹
ûСûûʲôֻǽЩۣ죬檿Ϊæһ죬һ߻ġʫһЦϿ쿴ҸЬ
һƹȥЬͻûãϴһģһɼʫ첢ûЬӣΪʲôʫҪ˵أΪʲôҪᵽŷ׵ʱ˵أ
ϲɵģôʫЦôΣȻ岻޾ȥ鷿ˡ
ϡںˡʫˣôȻأѵǻʲô
ˡϺȻʫʧȥȤתȥ鷿ȻԸ̫úòһ飬ʫŷǲʲôϵ
ȻڻҲֻǻɣû϶ʲôΪڶʫĸ黹еģʫġϻǲȥʫԲ¡
ǻϺεȴˣƲʲôͷġ
ʱʫҲԼķձҲ»ǲǻɵʫŷˡ
ţԼԼ϶ûأղأϸ벻ⶫݺֱʵ˵
رֵū澣ҵ»Ҫˣ㻹Ҫѵ𣿡ʫͷϣûطأһƴ˹ȥȥ
ݺϺģǿĸǱʫĥ˯ˣǵģ
ϣݺһ·ȥϴȻǿҶȥԭǸһۡӢˬ࣬ͦɡ
ֻ¹һһȥ޷ǡ
ݺϳˣ˷̫Ԫ
ݺˣ˺ľͷһ
Ҫ˵ʫԪò԰ˣݺҲѡ
ԪһŮ˼˶ӣ˭
˭
ʱԪĽȻֱָݺ
ݺ㿪һǱԼžҪȥ
Ԫʱͣס˽
μ̫¡ūݺǵѾߡݺ˵ֲסķ
ԪݺȻ£軹ǽ
ݺĵӣС
ʲô͵Ԫ˽


694  ̹

ݺæӷڵϣͷ˵̫£ū·뵹Ǵ̫
Ӵ˱ɱ㣬ҲġԪ˵Ŀͣݺϡ
ݺȻֻū澣ǵС£ݺҲûжľţ죬ȫҲûһ¡
ղšݺӷڵϵĶҲ󷽡
ݺûõʣµġ
㡣Ԫ˵ûôͷ㡣
̫£ݺ̧ͷԼܸоԪ⻰ű˼
ţԪ΢΢̧ͷβһ߰ɣҪסǷһձɱġ
л̫¡ݺ
ǣݺ̧ͷʱԪѾתȥ
ӰôӢݺʵĿճա
ԪЩ졣һֱ̫︮ϱչأ飬̫ƽԪдţԪҲûлء
̫ƽ̫︮ſڡ
Ԫ֪̫ƽˣӭ̫ƽ
յ̫Ʋס죬ˬԪó˹Բ̫ƽ
ūǱ߽һЩ֦㳢ԪЦʼ֦Ƥ
ֳԺֳ֦ģҾһ죬ôԵ£̫ƽˣʲôԣԪһ£˵ҲǵģȥˣûС
ûΪҶˣԪѾ֦
ǵģö˶˵˵ô񶾵Ļ̫ƽˣˡ
ǣԪѾһ۵֦ŵ̫ƽ
ᰡΪһ֦ҡ̫ƽȻȴȽϳʵҧ۶֭
̫ƽֻǿЦģҲģʵһ⣬⻹ûûйˡԪüë
ʲôģҵ㣬ְĵ£ôˣ̫ƽҲ֦
˵ǰɣûġһûмˣҲûлСĺܺãڻܹ϶ǲְġԪ̾˿˵
ߣ˵˵û˵ء̫ƽ֦ۣóԡ
Բûãûвˡ
ˣˣ˵˵ǲʲôˣҪȻôԼأ̫ƽҲ˸֦ŽԪ
Ԫһҧ֭Һʹ˳ɢȥ
ҲǷ£ֻǾãԼǸ鷳鷳û֮ǰ룬Ǹ̫ӽˣҲ鷳ԣʱϣ㲻Ҫ뿪ΪڶȫġԪȻ˵
˵ʲô뿪Ͳȫ㻹˵ûзʲôأǷʲôˡҡ̫ƽˡ
ԪȴĬˡ
ô˵֮Ҫ໥̹ϣôȴ˵ˣȴңѵ˵໥̹𣿡̫ƽǳ
Ԫȴͷ˵ԲҲ鷳ģңС鷳˴鷳
ô˵ǿңҲܰκˣǲǣ̫ƽסԪ֣磬ôˣ
û˼̫ƽ鷳ʱ˭㲻Ԫ̾˿˵Ҳ㡣
ȻˣΪʲôҪϲҡѡδأ̫ƽתҪߡ
Ԫæץס̫ƽ֣ô˵˵žͰС˵أ
˵ûи֣Ҳ˵С㲻֪ĻжҪĻ˵㣬Ҷޣ֪𣿡̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
ɣҪ𣿡ԪˣæóҪ̫ƽᡣ
ȴ̫ƽһƿˣ㶼ңҲܣ
̫ƽҲǲ㡣áǣҿˡҿһܡԪ˵ˡԶܾ̫ƽ
˵ɣʲôܸܲҷ𣿡̫ƽĿⰲȻ
ʫȻŷ˽ᡭԪĿϬ
ʲô˽ˣʫʲô¶ó̫ƽ̾Ϊֹ
ǵġŷײˣһڲ߻һıΪľɱҡԪ˵
ǶҡҲ鷳ҴڶϲҪԲԣǣȻ㿴ˡΪʲôȥ߻أ̫ƽ⡣
ûõģϳ谮ʫ˵ˣϻʫǲôʫŷףΪƾ֤飬ƵʫҧһڡԪҡҡͷǻǽġ


695  ˽

Ǿڹǽ֮ǰסĺ̫ƽĿϬ
̫ƽֺγֻǰĻҲΪӺܵ£ŷѾ֪ˡԪ۾ǡ
ʲô̫ƽһ
ŷϸܡԪ̾˿˵
ʲôܣŷѵ֪ܵӣӵ̫ƽüë
֪ôŷ׶˴ûи顣ŷ˾ͻᱨҡӶ߻ϣܵĺӲӺģʱܺͶҲӺ±ȽϴҲһʱ鷳ȱһܡԪǵһУй̫ƽġ̫ƽ˺ܸж
˵ԪڹӺ˵Ԫڹ̫ƽ
ԡŷ׿ûϣŷҲҪ𣿡
֪ŷ׵ԸֻпܻȷˣҲѾ߻ˡԪ̾˿˵
ǵģ磬ҾڱŽڻ룬ŷ׾ԲƲ磬㲻ȥ淢ͻȥ淢㣬ʱͻȫڲ֮ء̫ƽҡҡͷ˵
ֶ֪Ȼ£˵ȲҪҽӽŷ˺ҡԪ˿ڲ衣
磬ŷ֪ŷġȻµ˶֣ȥܣû벻˼ûϻõĸо𣿡̫ƽȻ뵽ʲôЦˡ
ԪһǵȻᣬκ֪ˣëȻΪһԼĶӶҪӺôԻأ
£õҲһõ̫ƽ΢΢һЦһ
̫ƽ˼ǡԪһ
ҾãӦŷȥ淢Ҫ淢Ҫȥ淢ҿ㲻Ҫϸŷ֮һִ̫ᷢƽתת
˵Ϻŷһˣһ˾׷ìܣԪˡ
ԣǾԾƻϺԼʱ㡣̫ƽЦ
̫ƽŮ𡣡Ԫְ˼֦ӵ̫ƽ
̫ƽſԪι
Ũģòڡ
̫ƽ뿪֮Ԫ˳̫ƽ˼ÿ̫︮ϣѾܹȻȥ밲ˡ̸Ҵ£˿ŷס
ŷ׼ι˵ôظƺڱȻϣ¶Ĵܣࡣ
Щͷˣ뵽ʫ֮ǰ˵ŷףʼҵٲģ㻹ǶĹԼŮһ̫һ׽ã޿ô߶أ
ŷ״һ̧ͷϻϬĿ⡣̵ȥˡ
٣ѵѾŷ׵˼𣿻ǡ
ŷֻú϶Ǻˮˡ飬һ۷ŷûˡ
֪ȥȰȰТŮġŷ׼ˣ˵˵ˡ
ʲôТŮǻʼҵϱ޳ȥˣ㻹˼˵Ů𣿡ŭǲ֪߳ܡ
ŷ׿ɬ֪
ֻ֪ظ仰ŭδӺǱߣ޻ġҪߡ
ŷæ¿ͷˣĵӡҲڻߴٻϰǶԻĹΪûʼҳֳţԡŶűϹķգʱأϢ߻ϡ
ߡ㻹Ʊ硣ŷףʼҵ£ԺҪġҪΪ޲֪㻹ȥܵˡ˷ģĪΪӺ֮䣬ĳ𣿻Ϊʲôԭ򣿡Ͽɲϲġ
Ȼŷ׺ʫ֮ʲô»֪ǲģ϶ŷ׵̬ȣ̫õġ
ֻŷ׻֪ϻ̳ϿֵЦϣֻǾŮӲظӺưͿ
㻹ΪӺΪʼ롣Цˣ߰ɡ
ϡŷһˡ
ˣգҪʦȥҸõĻʦɡϲͷ˵
ŷһ֪ϲʲôġ
㵱Ȼ֪ϵȻ˰˶ȡ
ŷסˣϣ⡭
Ҳ֪ԼȽʧ̬˻˵߰ɡ죬ʦͿԡ
ŷߺ󣬻ȥ֪ͨԪܰ˵ԼʹˣͺǶۻᡣǶʦʫô
ŷ׻ؼҺԽԽòԾĪǻϿʼʫԼˣ


696 ѾҪ

𣿡ŷ˹裬ŷʵ
ŷ̾˿˵أֺȾءȵࡣүҲҪˣǽҲ
ʲôֺȾƣûϢĶϰйǰҲҪҵҪʲôǰȾƣŷˣĴӡ
ŷԼĶӡΪŷֻôһӣİѶӸˡæ˹ȥ
Ǹ֮ĺˡŷ̾˿軵ġ
ŷŷˮͰŷͷϡ
һͰˮؽ͸ȫŷѹ
ŷۼˣæëԸŷãʵ㸸׵ĻɡҪˡǶ㸸׵ġ
ŷʪͷͷϵˮΣЦʸ׶µһҾ;ˣףôֱأ
ǺôĵӣʲôҲҺ˵ŷ׸ŷһ⡣
򣬶ҵݺݵĴ򣬷ϲˡŷЦ
ŷ˿˵үҪˣҪȴҰɣǾôһӡ
ŷ̾˿ˤˡ
⼸գҲʱ֦˵Ҫԭûͬ⡣СӣҲȷҪи˹ܹˡŷ׺Ȼ
ʲôף˵ʲôĸŮҪŷһ
㻹Ϳӣ㻹ĸŷһ
һδ޵ĹУѾŷ˵Ѿ֮ǰǾǵһŮֻЩ꣬ˡ
ŷ׺ȵʲôҿŮ˶һֻҪܹסϣǺŮˡ
ŷȴ˵ҲȢѾġ
Ϊʲôŷ׷һ
ŷǰȰѾѾͷǼģǰһģټ黭һŵڣȻûˡŮҪ߼ޣҲ᲻ġ
⡣Ҳϲ˵Ը񡣡ŷ뵽ʱѾѾ£ŷȢͶĵ¡
Ů˶Ըͺˣʲôѵġŷæ˵ҲСˡҲӦóɸңνɼҵɼҪǰġ
֮ҲܹȢŮˣҲϲŷǶѾٰ
ʲôϲϲģ֮󣬺ѾϦԣȻͻϲϣ㿴֮ǰҲǲʶģ֮ȻиˡŷЦ
ŷĸףŷˣĴĸ
Ǹĸ׺ⲻһ
ʲôһģȱ˸ӲҶԾ㲻Сŷײͷذڰ˵˵ˡ
ҲҪȢѾŷĳ˳ȥΪ̫ܵ죬ײһˡ
̧ͷȥһĹ˭
ʱŷҲˣæ˻֡ѩݶҲŷѩݶá
ʲôʲôʱһãô᲻ʶŷһ
ҵŮҲŷ˵Ҳáŷ׽͵
ŮޣǸҪѡѽû治ֻǲ֪ϻôŷգգ۾Ҫȥŷѩݶ
ŷѩݶæ˿
ôҲ˵˵߰ɡŷ˵
ŷЦˡ
ŷѩݶ߹Ůݼףĸס
ŷ׵ͷҪ빬ѡˣǿѧˣ
ʦǳãŮѾѧˡŷѩݶЦ
·߸ҿ⹬ҪľˣǳҰѵ˵ҲǡֻӮ䡣ŷ׵ͷŷѩݶǳ⡣
⣬ŷ׵Ҳŷѩݶˡ
ŷﻹŷ˸ˡ
ʵŷ˶ŷѩݶһҲģΪŷѩݶͲǵŮֻΪҲŷŷҪŷѩݶԲΪѵ
ϡ
ԶѾȲͻԶ˵գ˼ŷ̸Ҫ뷨˭֪ŷ׾Ȼ˵ȥҪһ£дҲʢʱﻹŷҿۣȻҪĵġͲҪǽ˰ɣ
Ѿˣҵĺø簡Ϊ룬Ϊ°ɣҲûӰˣȴһҸء


697 ÷԰ƻ

ãҸô᲻㣿˼ŷҸûг⣬ֻŷҲĵģεȸ֮߰ˣα޹ȥأԶҡҡͷ˵
磬ôʿɲԲҪô׷ԼҸôܹأ磬ҿɩӲѾ˵
ԽԽûˣĪǲ֪縸ôô˵أԶŭҲΪðֲһã޹ȥ۸
ڸϣ޲ȥҲκͬңŽ۸˰ڲأѾ磬ŷ᲻ӦġǧҪ
㡭Զ˶ҪѪ
СҪˣҪ޸ԼϲķαأʵС˵Ҳ޵Ц߽
硣ôҲˣ˳ӲˣԽԽûйˣҶҶšԶֱ̾
硣ѵ˸ôֺγأʱֺγûжײأѾʲô˵
ԶԸ£ȴѾ˳
ʱԶɫ
ԶԶͷһ̰
ѾģһΪðµġһЦļ޳ȥ
ɩɩ˵ҾͷˡѾԶһۣˡ
˵˼ѾˣްɣѾҲǴˣ㻹ѾڸʲôأԹѵϹˣȥ𣿡
û˵ѾѽֻǾã޷˶ѡԶ̾˿˵
ʲô޷ˣŷҲôü޵ģѾܼ޸ŷҲǸ߼ˣǲǶѾ̫ˣ⻰˵Ĳ䡣
㲻֪Ҹŷʱŷˡŷϼ׼ңҪǹۿ˵ͣ뵱ҲǴ壬ٷ⣬òãԶ
˼ǺȻ˵ȻҲҪһ£˵ȥһ£ҲѽԼˣʵԴү̫ں˵ĿˣǱ̫ѹ𣿡ҡҡͷ˵ôôأ
ԼҲǲ֪߳ܵؼ޸ԶġȻѾǳˡ
ҡԼ̫ѹ𣿡Զһ
ȻˡһЦ
ԶͷԼ򵥣׾Ļ
ôһ˵ԶһԴ˵ۣ˵ĺܶԣôѾ¾ˣҲԣǴɩɩĸ㶨ٺʲˡ
ɲϣѾڸϾѾûˣﻹǮȥչС޵أ
˵ˡû޽֮ǰѾͬãѾﶼã̸Ҳ
ĳ˹ɩͲһˣ˲ͬģҲͻ
ɲϣⱲӣѾסңָֻŵġ
ͬѾҲңɩɩɫˡ
ǺõģǾýȥŷһʡܴٳѾԵԺǸŷϣҲǵĺԺ۸ˡΪԶӼᶨѾϧᵽǵĺӡ
˵ĺܶԡľǱܵġԶ˱硣
ЦҲҪүͬѽ˵ҾӢ
ұȥɹɹ̫Զϣ籧
ؿԶ
ԶȻֻƥ֮£ɻǷǳ˼ңҪǣԶǳĻ
Ϊصĵط
ˣСĸģϣƿһУϣеˣΧתкǿҵΪĸС
ԶԴӺ׺ƲѣҲû˿ԶģԶֻڼȽ϶࣬Ȼ󣬾Ͷ߿ࡣ
պãһֻűϵ磬ҲֻܶڼΪŵ⣬Աûѡ
໥߿࣬˱˴˵ߡ飬Ҳವؼˡ
Զǣ벻ˡ
ȥԶֻϲòڡԶϲԸԼһС
ҲһȥԶҲûϲڣԶ
Ѿ÷԰ˣҲ÷԰ɢ̫ƽ
̫ƽһѾ鲻ã
ƾʲôԱֱѾˣһûءóϺˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Һ㲻ѡͷҲûҸߣҲֱʲôˣѾᡣȻˡ
㡭Ѿŭɶ㲻Ҫ̫֣


698 ·̫

̫ƽѾһ仨ڱǼᡣ
ѾȴŹ̫ƽ첽ȥץסǶ仨˵ϣýŲ˲ȡ
㡭ĺɴŭҪȥȴ̫ƽһץסˣЦùﻨúܡ鳡ʧ⣬ȻڱĵطԵõһ㣬Դֲƽ
ĺɾվסˡ
Ѿŭ̫ƽѵѾ֪ҵһУ
Ѿ㣬Ϊϲŷһ𣿡̫ƽЦ
ʲôΪʲôҲ֪Ѿֱˣѵ̫ƽѾĻ׳
ŷѾҵףŷˣŷԸ⣬½֮·ء̫ƽЦ
Ϊʲô֪ѾЦˣŷͽ˼ϸ
̫ƽЦ㣬ҾڲӦùӦùĹģŷôأ
ѾЦѵ취𣿡
οôȷ취̫ƽ˵ͷ
ңҿɲšè޺ӰɡѾ˵Ҫߡ
̫ƽȥѾߵ̫죬̫ƽһˤˡ
㣬̫·Ҫˡ·򲻿ɸ߸߰ͷǶ࿴±ȽϺá̫ƽսѾĶ䣬Ȼ˵Ҫ֪ôӽϲˣҵģһߴͽ̣ǣҲҪһ
Ѿɫһסа취
̫ƽЦ㣬Ҳֻҳְ㣬ɩɩأ㻹еѡ𣿡
Ѿ˵̫ƽҲԣõ̫£УοǣһССŷҵճأ
ĺŭǹҪ㣬㻹Ѫˣ
ĺɡ̫ƽ˰ЦѵֻʣӲı𣿡
Ѿ˵㡭ߣҾͶ·ˣҲ㣬İɡ
Ѿˡ
̫ƽЦȻˣȥЩ۽ȥϷ˵ãȴϲԿҩҩ۽ܳԵ¿ڡ
ĺЦҿǹԼ۽
Ѿͷ˵ǵġ̫ƽĺһ¡
ǣ·ϣȻ̫
̫ƽ˵ĺɣǰȻ̫·ɡȹ
ǰǺˣ̫ŷѩߵ֡
˵̫Ƕ̫ƽ
ԭʢȴ֪Ů𾿾ʲôӡȥܹҼһŷѩϲ
־͹ȥˡ
̫ƽٲ֪ŷѩȻ̫ƽ
ĺ˵Ǽҹ岻ʣ¾̫
Ц£ᵢܹ̫ʱģֻǵһģ̫ܹ˭˲֪ܹǵŮŮ٢ռȻԵǲһۣ̫Ȼǹһأȥ跹˼ġ
λ֣˵̫˰ɡĺɾܾǹݼ̫ġ
Ȼ̫ҪȥһҾȥˡ̫ƽȻ
Ȼһ˫ź֣ӣ̫ƽˡ
Ц棬ܹǾˣѹֻ̫»ǣӡ
̫ƽЦֹʵҺ̫Ǽġ
Դϡ̫ƽŷѩͼһΣֻǵʱ̫ƽŷѩûл̫ƽ˵ˡ
ִ̫ƽ̫ǰ̫ƽ
ŷѩƿ˵ܹȻΪˣҴ۽硣ҵһ
Ůݡ̫ƽǫ˵
ŷѩס̫ƽ̫֡ƽ
̫ƽ֣Ȼϸͣ⻬ѩס˻ŷѩ̾ͿԼѾƺ׸ֱۣ̾˿˵̫ƽʲô࣬ҵѧѧ
ûУʲôûáֻϴˡ̫ƽЦȻ̫֪ӻŮ˴Ԫʵһӵþͺˡ
ĻԵ𣿡ŷѩԼ˵̫ƽ֪ҽҿҩҵΣ
Ī̫վ˵ȥΪӰ̫ƽЦ
ҾΪյԭ򡭡ŷѩǵ˵
գ̫̫̫ƽɫ
˵ĺã̫ƽҾϲֵӡǾ˵ˣ㣬̫ӶҡŷѩЦɵ׼ʱʱ䣬̸˵Ӵ


699 й¶

ȥĺɸ̫ƽӾ˵̫ŷҵˣ̫ùȥǲ⣬ôܹȥأɲǺõط
Ҫǲȥô֪̫һ̥˭أ̫ƽžӣͷصλһƬؾ˲ɡ
ǹȥˡ̫Ҳʵ鰡ĺ벻ͨ
ֲɵôֱأһּͨȥ۲졣̫ƽЦ
ǣ֪ôأαأһˡ
ġԼλöأȻҲһ£ѾܲˬѾҪ̫֮λˣûпڲҡ̫ƽЦ
̫ӻ᲻Ϊ̫µԭ򣬶أ
ᣬֻһŮӡأǲ뻢Ѩɵûӡµġ̫ƽɫ
ǹô˵Σա
ÿˣѾˣϽ޹иҩ׼ãī׼һңζҪǳһЩġ̫ƽ˸׼ãȥ
֪ˣĺ硣
Ԫˣ̫ƽ˵Ҫȥ
ô֪ˣ̫ƽһ
֪ǸĵˣܲܲҪô£̫ܵ࣬ǣҲ࣬㲻Ԫ̾˿˵
̫ƽסԪ֣ЦҲµġ֪ڵҡ
Ԫֵ㻹˵Լû£ѾͶϣûоܾŷҵŮŷѩ룬һиҢҽ˫ȣһУΪʲôأ
磬ҵ뷨ⶼ¡̫ƽ졣
㡣޷ܾŷѩΪ˲ŷѩĺ˭ģΪʲôҪȥӽѾأԪ˹̫ƽı˵
Ϊ֪Ѿ޸ŷһ̫֮ƽЦ
ΪʲôأѵϣҸŷʲôôأԪӲˡ
磬ȻĿǰûкôģǣ֪ҲѾ빬ѡ˼Ѿ빬ѡ㡣һٶĻһ룬ݺ󹬶Ѿ˵Ǻ׵£Ѿ˻ʺһӰ󣬻ѾΪŷǸŷӣŷһɫѾŵȥĺˡ̫ƽͷͷǵ
ʵ޷㣬ҲҲ֪ô֪ŷϲѾأԪ̾˿˵
Ϊѻѽ̫ƽһЦѻͣסŷУȻȣŷ˼ϸǼϸϢ͸ѻϰšȻҾ֪ŷҵĶˡ
Ԫ̾˿˵ŷϼ޻֮ǰҲŷ˺öϸŷײɱˡ
ᡣ̫ƽЦ̻
̻ԪһҼǵ֮ǰܱͨѾͷ
ǵģ̻֮ǰ¶ѹǣҾ̻̻һֱҺܸж̻˶ˣҲŮˡϲӦ䣬Ǹܺϸļϸ㿴ûбϢˡ̫ƽЦ
ǻ̵ĺáԪЦ̫ƽҸоҪһѾıڲˡ˵ŷ˼϶ѾͶϡ컹ŷѩύ㾿һأ
磬ûеǲй¶ġҪȻһ䡣̫ƽصգգ۾
ѵҲܹ˵𣿡
ǲܣ硣һϲҢȥȻȸûһߵúܾգ߹صϲҢȸϲɵӣϿȸΪжд̣ȸӻһûϱ鲼ķſôŹȸأ̫ƽǳ˵
ԣ߻ʲôԪˡ
Ȼ˲ʲ壬ֺαأ̫ƽĿϬ
̫ƽ֪˵ʲôԪæס̫ƽ죬Сĸǽж֪
Ϊʲô˵ݹۻϼλ¼ͲһҲãȴԸλ̫ƽ߷߲ƽ
ǾλôˣҲ̫ӣλҲ˭֪һڵĻϺأԪȻû뵽̫ƽ˵
Ҳһ̫ӡ̫ƽɱ
Ϊ˾ȸһˣ̫ƽѾһм衣
̫ƽɲǽſʼıġ
ôյļƻҪ㲻ܹȥԪ
磬ⲽߵĲˣҾͻˣڻǾ仰й¶̫ƽЦ


700 ̫£

̫ƽڶ죬˶
ڣ̫ŷѩֳӭӣ˭֪ȴסˣ̫ƽùôҲ֪ͨһΪã׽ãӦҲһӷŶѽ
ôΪأ̫ƽ֪չ˺ࡣ̫ƽ˵
֪̫࣬ͨӣһҪһӷŶԡǹءЦ
ˣιΪ˿̫ġ̫ƽҲЦ
̫ĪǸ̫Ҳʶһ
Ϊ̫ո˵ǸĵúͶһ̫壬Ҳġ̫ƽЦ
ûƫģùҵ壬˺öˡöԸ̫һ˵͹ˡԹڿ
ˣôû˵Ҫùģһֱ嶼ܺãй̫ҽַΪΣؽҲҪˡ̫ƽЦˣΪ̫ԼҲﵢ̫ˣҰݻ̫ݼ㡣
ҲЦ̫ԼܹС
˵ǲ˵ū澣ֲⱲֻū澣ʲôлҷģѵһȥ̫˵ֱûӵΪĲʶ̧ٵūء
ǡ˵Ķԣū澸ȻﲻҲֻܴԼ⡣
ߣԺ֪˵ͺáתˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Բλ֣ҽӵģ춹ģϣҽ
ܹн㷸ôģⲻ¡Ҫū˵Ҫʮ֮һ̫߳ˡ˵
ϾղţǱˣտˡ
̫ƽҲ֪ոԾǱȽţڶҲ˲ˣܶ˿̫ƽҲΪաҲټƽϡ
ŷѩڱźͻһɫȹΪأһ嵭
̫ƽȥŷѩס̫ƽ£úӽ̫ƽ̡
̫ƽΪ˼˵Խˣô̫Ϊأ
ԵģΪҾáҵĺӽ㰢Ҳ벻ŷѩЦ
̫ƽϲӣǾͱ˱ǺӣǺҲɡ§̫ƽĲӿЦ
̫ƽһ˺ӡ
ŷѩ˵Ҵˣлл㣬˺ӣһһ񡣡
˵̫ƽˣȻ̫ƽŷѩ
̫ƽȻ˵̫ḡȽҽѾһЩҩ̫Ҳ̫ܳҩֻܳ΢ҩȵ
ľˣŮ٢ءŷѩЦ
̫ȡЦˡ̫ƽȻȲ衣
ˣ̫ƽ·Ͽʲôˣŷѩ̽˵
̫ƽĬˡ
˵̫ƽ˲
ޣǿʵǵǽŷѩװε˵
˵ʵҸĹϵҲͦһģ겻Ҳûϵġ̫ƽæƲϵ
ǵãǼȻڶˣأȥأŷѩЦ
СҹҲûʱˣ̫˵˾͵ߣϻЩء̫ƽЦ
ŷѩ˿ڲ˵̫ƽÿҶġԹǰ˵ԼչϵȽԶأʵòҪģΪҲ⡣
̫ˣ˵ʵҶ֪ҹϵãҲĹϵҲǷǳá뿪ôˣҲٻҲûмĹ顣ûмĳӡĸյʱҲûԹ̫ƽһһյĲԡ
ǾǲĲˣͷȥ˵˵ô֪жô˵ҲǶǾпҲԼĸʲôΪʲôҪãŷѩ˵ˣͷͷǵ
̫̫֮ƽЦˣˣŮҲҪˡ
ãͷ󡣡ŷѩĨűˣΪ˸ҿɶˡҲñ
̫ˡ̫ƽЦżɹɹ̫ҲǺõġ
ʱ̫̫ˣɹͷƤҲãҵñӣŰɣ͵ҵһ⣬ɲҪŶŷѩЦ绨
ñϻ׺飬ݻ߶ˡ
̫ƽϻ̳Ͽֵ˹أŮա
̫ӼݵͷȻߺ


701 м

ŷѩһ̫ƽЦô̫ô̫ӵˣ̫ˣ
ŷѩһЦ̫ƽһǿˣô᲻أ
ˡ
þò˲٣ǰ˼׷
̫ƽ㾹Ȼŭ˵ôẦˡ˾ͲҲߣ
еĹҧˣ̫ƽһЦҵȻ֪̫ӵ²ᡣΪǿݴģҲǷǵģô˵Ҳá
һ㲻ܼӺ㣬ҲôˣȥҾͷߡ
ָԼĿɶ
̫ƽЦ̫ӵͲ´ȥЦ𣿡
ﶼҵˡ˭Ҵȥȥ֮ҲϾˣɴˣ
벻δĴȻˣҿİյǰ̫ƽɲôױŻġ
Ҫ㵣ǣӦõǵԼŭɶ
̫ӵ£ܹͰҵģܹܹպ󻹸𣿡ŷѩ̲ס˵
סڣǹ壬ʲôϵͲˡ֮죬Ȼ֪ˣܲܲŭ̫ƽ㾿껹ǲꣿ
ŷѩˣܹ߰ɣҸš
ôأ̫ˡһġ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ģܹ
ǣŷѩĻ䣬һʹ˹
ŷѩϣʱһѪӡ
̫̫ƽһסŷѩ̫ӵ£̫ˡ
ŷѩŷҲǸ̫ƽΪеġ̫ƽ㲻û㸸𣿡Ц
ŷѩȴȻ˵ŷŷңңϲ̫ƽãҪˣҾͲκ۸
̫ƽ۾ʪˣ̫л㡭
̫ƽáܰɣߡŷѩס󣬡ҪʹңǧҪ˺ҵ̫ƽá
ĺ˵ҽѵһ
ԣϾ̫ӣ̫Ӵǣû£ū澣ū澴̫ӣɾˣ̫šǲõģ߰ɡ̫ƽĺɾ뿪˶
ղĺΣգ̫ӾȻ˱꣬Һ̫š̫ƽ˵û뵽ؼʱô㡣̫Ǻˡĺɽٺ˵
̫ƽȴһԲ
ѵū˵Ĳ𣿡ĺһ
СѾͷôܾƾôһ£̫Ǻأ˵̫̫ĿҪһϷȡҶ̫أ̫ƽЦ
ʲôĺһ̫һˣƭĸˣʵ
Ĳ̫ȻȰ˵ԼŮ̫ԸΪԼ¡ƭҡŷѩҲδԸģŷѩʲôѱС̫ƽ
ʲôѱŷѩʵ̫ˣȻƭ㡣ĺɷ߷߲ƽ˵
ûйŷѩΪͬʱŷѩҲġҪ˵ƭҲƭŷѩ̫ƽЦ
ǿ㻹Ҫŷѩύ𣿡ĺսȭͷ˵˵ύ´οҾʹˡ
ȻҪύƭңҲƭǻǷҲҪȴԴŷѩʲôѱ̫ӵ̫ƽЦ
ʲôѱ϶̫Ҳ֪ˣӵ˭ĺɾ졣
Ҳ֪һҪŷѩԭ򡣡̫ƽĿϬ
ǹ´ȥ̫ĻΪ𣿡
ҿܲȥȥȥӰҸŷѩ̫ƽЦ
ĺף˵ʲôѽ̲ôȥܸŷѩأ
㰡̫ƽĺɵͷ
̫ƽոջ˵Ѿˣһֱڴء
̫ƽæȥѾڹǹˡ㲻˵ҪҰæ𣿡
̫ƽҽôЦңңôӽŷôŷȢңΪңҲȥˡѾǳɥ
ôˣɩɩ𣿡̫ƽݹȥһЦɣ޺۾ԺôųȥأģһģϾҲǱСáָоҲ֪
Ҫè޺ӼˣҲ㡣Ѿ˵ȸô


702 ЦЦ

󵨣ΣǹĵҪǹȸ㣿ĺɹȻ˿˵̫ƽ˵顣
Ѿʱʧȥ˿򣬵ȫޡ
̫ƽЦȻôû⣬Ҿˡ
Ѿæס̫ƽˣߣ̫ƽ
Ȼ̫ƽ˦Ѿ֡
Ѿû취ֻЦ˵Բ̫ƽãҸղ˵³çˣԭ£Ұɡˡ
ղŲŵĺҲ𣿡̫ƽЦ
̫ƽãĻġѾˡ
ҿɲšǰװûõġ֪У˺ܶˣҲ˻᲻һ׵ģҲÿζЧģͱŷ̫ƽĺĺ
ⲻ𣿡ְѾˡ
аͦôֱȥ˵ģ̫ƽЦ
˼ǡ
£ѵ㲻֪Ҫ¹𣿡̫ƽϽ˹ȥ
㡭ôôңѾˡ
ѡ񲻹°ûб㡣̫ƽЦ㣬ˡ
̫ƽҪ뿪ˣѾˣ£áҹ£ҹ¡
̫ƽѾ¹ˡ
̫ƽƣǰ벻㻹н졣ͷϵӣѾϴ˴
ʲô㲻ô۸˵İɣѾίˡ
ǲǾúίѽҪס㲻ΪҲôίģΪŷŷԸȢ㣬𣿡̫ƽЦˡ
ã̫ƽ˵ĶԣڣԸ𣿡Ѿӵڸȥ
̫ƽѾ˵ʵܼ򵥰취ȥιŷҸϣҸŷĴŷ˿ˣŷ׻Ҳô˵Ҳ佫ñȨѹһѹŷױҪ佫ģ᲻Ӧ𣿡
Ѿ۾һȷǺð취
֪Ǻð취ˡ̫ƽһЦҲҪӦһ
˵Ѿ죬ߣ̫ƽãôˣ̫°㣬ҪҰæ
æˣƲźá̫ƽЦβʲô
Ѿͷá
̫ƽ̧ͷգƵ˵˵ΡҲŮӣѡŮȥѡҾͲĴŷ¡Ҫ֪˳Ϊŷδޣ̫࣬ŷҲѡڻġʱӽѣȫ١
Ѿɫ԰ףⱲӣҶҪˡ
û취˭˿°ӰбͲǻ±˵𣿡̫ƽЦ
̫ƽҲΪʲôС֮ǰҾһţȴһˣҲҵ·ġѾ޵
̫ƽЦ㣬ҾӦùԼȽϺá
ãҴӦ㣬ҾԲҵŮμѡ㡣ϣҲסĳŵѾ̾˿˵
ʵҲΪ롣ĸŮɹϿˣļͥλ͸ˣ˵ǲأ㣿̫ƽЦ
Ѿ˵лΪıˡ
Ѿˡ
̫ƽŲ裬ЦѾ硣ŮαȻȫûЦЦѡֶ˴λᡣ
ĺһΪѾأο㳲ΣԼеŮ˳ŮŹΪģܹ۷硣ѾһŮӣֲǹܼңôأ
ѾıǼ֮ң᲻ֶΣȥȡɹһܹ취̫ƽЦɱǾȿϷˡ
̫ƽȻȥ˵ЦЦΣһ쿪ʤˡΪŷҺҡɹѡ
һΪʲô̫ƽЦЦæ𣿡
̫ƽͷŮӣһûлȥѡ㡣ŷҵŮӣȻѡˣҲηŷ󣬲ɹѡ
ŷҸҶܳɹô϶ǶŮܹѡˡЦ
ЦЦˣһͷ£üĿ㣬ò䲻ǾһҲ
ЦЦĸ׺ͽ㡣ЦЦҾ
ϵһЦŮӲ⡣
̫ƽȴסЦЦ֣鼫ˣЦЦŮʮ˱䣬ԽԽˣ°ɣм㡣֪ϲθڡ
ý㣬ϲҳˣѾˣٳȥѡͳɹˡЦЦһЦ


703 ֮

áֲ֣Եô̫ƽЦЦĿת
ЦЦˣý㣬Īл𣿡
ûСЦЦɫܺÿ̫ƽЦ
ΪʲôأЦЦ̾˿˵һ᲻˼ġ
ЦˣǽĵôͶȥǵܵˡ
ĸס
Ȼ̫ƽЦЦЦϲ֦̫֦ûأȥ㣬㵽ٳԵ㡣
̫ƽʵ̫ˡЦЦж˵
ʵҲмҪأߡȥԺɡ̫ƽЦ
ﲻ˵𣿡ЦЦһ
ǵģ˵չ鲻̫㡣̫ƽĿϬ
ЦЦþͺ̫ƽ̫ƽԺ
̫ƽðڷţЦЦһ
ã˺θ𣿡̫ƽҲͣسЦЦвˡ
ý㣬治ٳˣ̫ˡѡͻʧˣ룬ҲȻϲһӡЦЦΪѵ˵ʵЦЦǸԻӵĲ˶ˡ
Ѿ̫ˣȻӣϻʸУϲء̫ƽϸָһ㣬ŽЦóԣڣˡ
ЦЦ˵㣬ȡЦҡ
ãҲûУ̫ƽЦôɰҲȡЦ㣬ϣҲػϲ㡣
ҾͲˡЦЦڴڵس
óԵôģо仰Ҫ˵˵ˣÿɱҡ̫ƽŽɫĲ
ý㣬ֻ˵ǻ𣿡ЦЦԵÿġ
̫ƽ˵ÿɻͷ
ЦЦͷͷҿóġ
̫ƽݹȥһƿҩ˵ҩͶͷǳãѡɹܹڻˣҩͿڻͷϣ׼ͷƤùĿ࿴
ģ̫ллˡЦЦӹŽ̫ƽ㣬ⲻǺΪʲôղĸ׵ķƺµģ
öȻҪ͵͵ĸ÷ĴϾⷢҲѽǱ֪ҲҪҿɾȡˡ̫ƽ˸ѡ
л̫ƽҸáЦЦжˣûˣôעҡ
̫ƽЦҵȻע㡣ԺҲע㡣
ΪԺֻЦЦܽӽϡɱ˻ϡ
̫ƽٴβµľֻ֣ǣεĶǶˡ
̫ƽ֪Ϸ˻ȫ֧ЦЦѡãҲΪǺ޶ӶѡЦЦ빬йŭ
ЦЦĻһѡΪôڰЦЦ
ʱ˺͡
ԣ̫ƽڰ˶ҩķͽЦЦȡЦЦΣҪǣԽЦЦ֣ȥɱϡ
һɱ˷ʲô
ΪѷĨͷϣû˻֪ϻĨ˶ⶾֻϵͷƤȴУȡ
ȻЦЦϷ밲ʱ˵̫ƽƵķͣ˵ܹ˷ǳ̫ƽ˵ҪҴѡǳɹ˾͸ĨĸҿͷҲеˣȰѷøĸͷϰɡ
Ϸһʲô̫ƽ㷢ͣҿ
Ϸ˽ӹֻͣ΢΢һֵۣݻЦЦ˵Ȼ̫ƽⷢͣϣӵģ˾Խˡܺͬأͺúŷ̻ϰɡ
ЦЦϷ˵˵õġ
ȻϷ˾ͰЦЦ֧ȥ̫ƽ˵һ͡
̫ƽˣϷ̫ƽ˵ղԽׯˡ
лĸ佱ĸҲԽɫÿˡ̫ƽ΢΢Ϲ
ϷЦ̫ƽ۾˵㶫
ĸ˵ʲô̫ƽһ
˵ԽȰˡϷЦڳˡ
̫ƽԷʱֻãϷһֱڹ۲̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵ĸǲʲôҪ˵
Ϸ˳̾˿Ц̫ƽŮȻϣ£ҪԻ֣Ҹİ֡Сġ
ĸ벻ŮıȻĸһۿŮҲûа취̫ƽһϣĸԭ¡
ûй˼ֻǾãЦЦҲǸŮӡϷЦ
ǵģЦЦֻǱװɵϾЦЦ֮ǰһֱŮ˺͵ŮѹЦЦֻͨװɵԼʵЦЦܴҲܻãҾŮпܻܵõϵġ̫ƽͷ
˵ģЦЦһŮӣЦЦҲһܿ͵˼ЦЦıǰЦЦƣɹˣĿĵ㣬ʧˣҪģЦЦϾıѽϷ˷ãЦЦ֮𣿡


704 

̫ƽĬˡ
ֹˣ˷ı
۱̫ƽɵһȥϲ۱ˣҲܺóԣҳֵգٲ
Ϸ۾ʪˣ֣ȷһŮӣϧ뱲ˣȴɲա
Һ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽⲻܹ㣬ǹĲܵ˼ѵ񡣽һ˼ҡϷʵס̫ƽ֣Ҳ벻ῪʼԸˡ
Բĸǲǵ̫ˣʧˡ̫ƽ֣ΪϷ˻˽̫ƽԸءѵϷĲԸ
ֻϣ㲻ҪԸϣˣĻԶԸ˵ġϷ̾˿˵ͷܵǣġ
ĸҲöܵǣģֻЦЦȥ£Ҳĳ񶾣еζƸЦЦ֪ЦЦҲģϾЦЦ˹ܹʥ裬ôЦЦŻЦЦͷЦЦҲܿ컳У㲻ܺܿ컳УҲЦЦУʱƾϲˣЦЦҲҪˣͿҸعһӣܱҪϵɫҪá̫ƽɫ
֪ģΪ롣ϷЦ
ֻˡٽЩµ£Ҿ׾ڻϣȻѾҵףǾϢõĽ취ĸ𣿡̫ƽŵ˵
Ҿòԣ̫ƽס𣿡Ϸ˿
ԲϣĸҪңΨһİ취ֻȥҵѡ̫ƽЦ
ȸӺϷЦ
̫ƽͷȫСҲΪ¡
Ҫıˣ˵Ϊ¡ʵûʹˣԸԸϷ˿ЦԼ
ĸΪ˲°նԸġ̫ƽҲǱƲѵġ
ǳʹƱ͢ɽңͿ̿Ϸ̾˿˵̫ƽʵ̫ˣѵѵȵù𣿡
ĸΪ°աĸһҵĿĵġ̫ƽ̬ȼᶨ
áȲ˵ˡ̸̸ЦЦô죿ϷЦЦЦ׵ܱ׽磬㰡
̫ƽ˵ͷ˵ĸŮ֪ЦЦƿءǣĸױƿصأҶΪ棬ЦЦ˹ұȻЦЦϵĺ浱ǰЦЦȻ֪ôġ
Ȼ̫ƽѻ˵ˣҳ֧㣬ôأ̫ƽҪǵһ㣬ȻԸ£һܼյ£֧㣬Զ֧㣬һ죬ĵʱҾͻϾϵ㲻ҪҡϷҲǳ˵ǰͷ
֪ĸҲΪ˶ȻĸġңҲ֪һ죬ԼҲͶϵ̫ƽĵ˵
֪ģ̫ƽκ˶ĶҲҷǳϲԭ򡣡ϷЦˣþûˣһ¡
ǡ̫ƽϷ
Ϸ˺ϣ
̫ƽ̾˿˺ܾòҵĵѨλ
ˣˡϷЦǣҪиδ̫ƽ㣬һδ
ĸ̫ƽϻ̳Ͽ֣ҾԼδأѵ˴Ρ
ԡϷʮ㡣
Ѿȥ󣬾ȥԶ磬ٸһλᡣȥŷһΣһܹ˵ǹƸӭȢҡ
㻹ȥ𣿡ԶõŮӼģ
硣ڼҲûãɩɩҲϲҡΪʲôһλأѾ졣
ðɣҿɸ˵ŷҵ˻㡣ʹͷҪٸ鷳ˡԶ̾˿˵ϴŷýŷȸӦҵ涼㶪ˡ
ǵģ硣Ѿ
ŷңŷ׵ǺĽӴǡ
ŷȥ˺δѾһЦʵ
ŶھŷЦ
ԶѾһۣŮӼôкӸʲô
ŷ鲻Ըعˡ
ȥĴһ߰ɡŷҲѾϱģŷѾĻء


705 

Լ𣿾ԼߣҸϵѾ߿ԴȥҪһүȥʲô˵ˣŮܲףҿɲԵ޹ʵĳ鷳ŷɲǵУô᲻֪ŷڹŷѾᰡǣŷȴϾܾˣһҲλӡ
㡭ôô˵áԶҲˡ
ŷæ˵ϢŭҼȮ˵ôһѵģŷ㻹Ǹ
ûʲôǸѽҪȥԼɣʲôŷһӡ
׵Ļ㶼ˡʵ̫ˡŷ״ŭȴѹš
ŷתߡ
ŷ֪˵棬ŷҪֺͰȻͲҷġ
ԣŷŸͷ
ŷ߲ˣΪ嶯ʤԶȥסŷ
ҼңôҪܣŷˡ
ʲô£͵ԶѾԶã۸Ѿ۸Զ
˭ʵ£
ߣĶֻƥ֮µġΪҪѧϰ㣿ŷڲűԶãһ仰ԶҲǣȥҲǣͷΪѣͷûӡ
ŷɫ
ϸ׽Χŷֻ˳̨£ðɣȻ״һǿˣҾΪѵأѾĴɡ
ԶˣʲôΪѣþô
磬ŷӶӦˣͲҪΪˣòðѾ˹Զ˽ȥ
ŷ׵ͷѾСڣԴΪءϸŷӣϱ
˵ҪúöԴ˼ٲֱˣ˼֪һåôԵ˼ң
ŷ˵ֲԱ˸𡣡
㡭ҪˣҪҿŷ׻̲ס˴ֻ
Ѿ˵ŷӣǿ߰ɣҪŷˡ˵ꡣŷˡ
ŷЦӣúܲҺϲû⡣
Զ̾˿˵ŷϲð
ϲƢʾԣദˣ˽ˣɫ㣬˲ԸģŷЦ
㼪ԡԶ
ӣҲжŮˣ˵ҲǺúܡɲãպôôһأʱҲѣԣҶй۲죬޷Ǿǰˣ벻ҪŷЦ
ԶһҺҸױȣȷǲԶˡ
ŷЦÿ˶г̴ܱȡ㸸׿԰ҹã㡣ȷҪѧϰ㸸ס
Զ۾ʪˣϧʱ˵ңӪ֮ʱʢȥѧ١ǺڣΪʲôŸ׶ѧһ㣬Ҳڡ
㻹ᣬ֪͸ľͺãҲҪڣȻѾ߹ˣҲûõģԸ⣬԰ҵ㸸ףѧӪ֮Ȼҿܲ㸸ôñ񣬿ǣھӪķ棬һָܶࡣŷ׼˽
ҵң֮áԶж
һµˡҲϲ㣬ҵǾҶӺúܶˣҵĶȴǲһҶŷ̾˿˵
ʵҹȥҲǸҸ׶ײÿһԸӶٵ飬ҲԻһַʽȥ˵Զɵظŷ׳⡣
Ҳ˵ǶԵģ˵ⷬ˵춮ˡ룬㸸֮Ҳᰲοġŷ׺ԶȴԽ˵ԽͶˡ
ʱѾŷӣҲĽŲˣɲһ㣿
ôΪأҾĽŲϡͲҪֲġŷһ
ΪʲôѽѾһ⣬Ҫ
㻹Сǲǣ𶯲ͿޱӡҿɲһסŷϢ
Ѿŷ¡
ҿ̫ҿɸûϵŷ˵
֪Ҿһţ㲻㣿Ѿյŷıǰ
ȻһƢ
ŷɵˡ
Ѿ˵磬ȥ㷿
ŷĳʹأץסѾ֣˷
ŷѾ
ŷӣʲô𣿡ѾԽԽƽĴ齣


706 

ʲôⲻһֱҪ𣿺ãҸ㡣ŷһѰѾӵ˴ϡ
㡭ۡѾư͡
ŷ
Ѿʵ̫ˣŷ̲סˣѪãȳ˰ɣ֮ʲô鷳أǣŷ¶˱ԡ
ͷԶѾܾöûле㼱ˡ
£̰Ҳġŷȴ⡣˵ˣô࣬ĵҲͶҲһ
ԶЦҲǡ
һһߵȣȥ԰Ҳһߣ߱ģø˼ŷЦ
벻˾ȻҲȤ֮¡ԶŷԽԽˡ
ʱŷѾһ޼䣬ѳɴ
ŷ׺Զţ˷⡣һĻ˶һ
Զǰ;סŷ֣ŷ㾹Ȼ£ôԵã
ŷγѡŴϣ·ûѾסˣô£ʲôûʲôû
Ѿûĵģ˾Ȼˡ
ԶŭŷҲϣҾɱ㡣ô˿ء
ŷ˵öҾݣңҲ׵ģ
ʲô㾹Ƶһɶ㻹𣿡Զ־Ҫȥˡ
ȻԶ֣ŷסˣԶҵϣһΰɣҲ׽ġ
ŷ׵
Զ̾˿˵ŷˣҲϸӣ£ôǻõһ
ҼȮȢãҲᱻڣҼȮҲӣȫ𣿡ŷЦ
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㿴˵˻ô˵أԶŭɶ
㲻Ҳˣ㻹ңʲôʱԻˣⷿ䲻ķ𣿲ҵ߽ķ䣬ôʵ㵹ȫҵͷˣҲǶ̫ϲˣ˵Ҿû뵽˾ͲˣһһͷײˣѾŴӾҪײȥ
Ҫá㲻ɵ¡֪һģܹ㡣ԶסѾ֣ϵ˵
磬ллҡѾŷ̬ȣһʲôٻȥأ
㲻ûȥˣԸĻҿΪǾлպͿҵĶϱŷЦҵһƬ⣬ŷҶǺгġ
ŷˣ᲻ִ̫˵㣿Զһ
ҾͦõģۡŷЦ۵ĿҲΪ롣
Ѿ˵磬ɡ
Զ̾˿˵ڻôҲֻǵˣǾͶлŷ˰ˡ
һøϵǻȥƸһ١ŷЦʵҲһϣ޽ˡ
ԶѾȥˡ
磬ŷһӦأѾеġ
ãҶ챻ˣǴҹ㣬Ȼ£Ҵŷҡ˵а취û뵽ֵӵİ취Զɸ֣ϣѾѡ
˭֪ѾΪȻĵ˵Ҫ£ͱҪֶΣǸҵģѵˣô𣿡
Զһʲô˼
ûʲô˼ֻѸ㣬Ϊ˴׵˸סѾЦ磬ҪŮӣ
ϣɡԶеһʹԶ˸׻ĵλȻԶУĥ۵㡣
ԶԽϣҾԽǻ᳣
Ѿȥ󡣾ҪѡļŮӣݡ
ѣѾֻֻ䣬ʹﵽĿġ
ΣҪɳôŮĿľسԶִƼ˧ӡҽû䡣Ψһܰһֵġǿѡ㡣
ֻû뵽⼸ŮûʦѾ渺һôҵķʽݡ
ǲɵӣȻͲµȱģ϶ڲˡ
ڣǶ뵽Ѿ
ΪеָѾңѾжǾǶʼɡ
һŮ˻ΪʼɣܶͿ¡
ǡѾǰԶˣѾ˵
ãΪʲôҪԶʹ಻ȥǸãȥˣ


707 е

Ѿû뵽ԼҽõݺȻ˽ҷˣԶ֪ˡ
ڣѾãϾҪޣôѾͼˡ
ôԶԼλ峤ôͷѾûлˡ
ǣѾɵЦ硣ҵĸ磬ôű˵Ļ費֣أ
áҶϣ֤ǰҲòϣԭ֣㡣ãʹġΪʲôΪʲôѵ㲻Ҫҷ𣿡Զ
ңѾҵļҡѾЦɩɩһзϣڸҪһʲôҵıҪأ
㲻ҲӦ˺˰޵úáңԶǿĺܰԶ˵ΪʲôôɵҪ˺ԼĽأ
ȻҲ֪ǺһˣΪʲôҪǣأʱҪ빬ѡ㣬ǲͬⲻӦȴҪǣϾҸǹϵãŷӣ˻Ժ󻹲һţҲҵĽҵĶͷ˾òãѾ˵
벻»дʣã̫ʧˡԶˡ
ֻ֪Ż᲻ʧıֻĲݡѾ
ôô˵أ㲻ܶе⣬ҲɩɩɩɩǸôôȱݵģɩɩɩĸ㶼Ҫ֪𣿹ȥ֪أôڱһ㺭ûУĶǴֻԶŭɶ
磬͵ȥǸ֪˰ɡѾ˵꣬˴ϣԼϡ
ѾǲԸٺԶ˵
Զ̾˿˵ҲΪ֪ͨ㣬ϾΪӺԼˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫټױȫϡ
ʲôǾȻҵļױˣѾŭ
Ҳûа취ѾΪˡǣ峤ӦģҪǲּױǻġԶ̾˿˵ãȷˣҪҼֲ֣˱ˡ
һǣԶǡѾսȭͷָ׶Ƕ˼жôʹࡣжôޡ
Ѿˡ
ûжټױŷ׺⡣
ŷ״ӦѾ޽иҪԭ򣬾ǾѾкܴһʼױû뵽ѾȴʲôûУŷ֪
ϣˣʵˮ
̫ƽţ˫ֱزźˮ
̫Ĵբз̫˵ˬԴբзϻ𡣡ĺ߹˵
ȻһзƵĴբзʳɫζȫžͺóԡ
̫ƽʳȴࡣ
ֻһ㣬ĺɳˡ
ĺ˵ǿϧˣ̫͹ģǵùƷȴū澳ˣǿǱū澵죬ƽ˵ҪԴբзôڷûʳأ
֪ΪʲôǳΪ˵ѾѾ޹ȥŷˡٿԼ˵
ˣ׸ٿԵĴҲӶˡ
̫ƽ˵٣ǰ죬Ҹ㿪οԵҩûУ
ٵͷ
Ȼˣôأ̫ƽҡҡͷѵҪҼҩ𣿡
æǸ˵̫æˣˡ
ԴôȹȥæˣҲ٣ȥ𣿡̫ƽҡҡͷġ
ûҪءνġˣֻǣ֪ΪʲôҽŻ¡ЩԵҩһҾ£ҺȲȥˡԲ˹һƬ⡣
ʲôһȾ¡ϽҰһ̫ƽһæٵ֣棬ʼ
ôٿ
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ˣﲻҪȡЦūˡū澺飬Ҳһ¡
һ£ĺҲպһ£ⲻ̫˸ˡϽȥҲһɡ̫ƽЦ㲻ٸɻˣȻˣǰɵúúϢŶԡ
ǹ¡ٳš
ҲҪܡ˵ˣѾŷңҵļƻҸղŲΪǳ̫ƽЦɣԺ󵥶סһԺӣһסׯׯҲ֣ɼѾ߷㣬ԺغһСӣ÷ˣ߰ɡ


708 ڼ

ٶʱʪ½󣬹¿ͷ˵£ūĪ
٣ôôѾ⼸ū澲Ѿߣ£ҵĽǡ̫ƽϵ˵
ĺЦ٣ϽУȴţʱӰ̥ɾ͹ǹһƬˣǹôãֲͷһ֪
Ǻǡ´ξֵױư㿪ĵġЦˡ
ٺĺˣҪһƺϰߡ
ðҪǿ㻳Уһ㡣ĺҲЦ
ˣǱˣĺɣ֪㵶춹ģܹٵġȥׯɡ̫ƽҡҡͷʾΡ
ǡ
ʱ̫ƽһԺģĵ˹ܹġ
̫ƽ̧ͷĿⴥϣͷһͻ̫ƽŷױöĿ
ллһֱĸҲҸһʹͣϣ¡̫ƽݹȥһӡ
ӹĸоͺһžʯѹͷˡ
ܹʵҶеĸĸԸԽġʹ˵
̫ƽ̾˿˵֪ǣǷ֪ܳծ˸ΪѣýĻһ㣬ͲҪˣòã
ؿ̫ƽ
ܣиֻΪǮȻԽܣǣȴǶ̫ƽõĽ֡
ãҽܣлܹʹ͡ӡ
ÿⶼӦõõģҪ֪Σ֮ʣû㣬ҶȷǷ񻹻š̫ƽǫ˵
ܹ㰮ⶼҵҡ˵꣬תˡ
ʱ̫ˣ֪Ҫˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ĺ˵̫˵ҢӾҪˡ
̫ƽһߣǵģҢѾ·ˡ
ǻΪҽܹ߳һзϣ¾߱·ĺЦ
죬Ңô˵ҲһӸ磬ţڱտڶǲзϲмģûнˣ̫ƽˡ
ū澸ĺһֹƽʱ̫ūˡ
̫ƽЦȻ֪ҿҪˣȥʮԳš
С˼ܷѽĺɺٺһЦ
ô㻹ӲܲȦûû꣬Էѽ̫ƽװ
ǣĺɾ졣
ٺ𣿡̫ƽ̾˿
޲ɢϯû뵽ֱ𣬾Ȼô졣
ǵģ٣ѾչԸǰׯȥˡĺ˵
̫ƽ˵׼ҩģҪȥҢҽνˡ
ӵĽŲѾ𣿡ĺһ
Ȼߣǣ˭ܱ֤ȥ᲻ٴ̫ƽЦӦжƣȷһʧ
ҹȻˣǸĺܣﻹȡ
̫ƽڴϣշתࡣī̫ƽҡӡ
벻죬ôӡ̫ƽҡҡͷī㣬Ѭɵˣ
ˣƺȹȥˣѬˡī
Ѵֹ˰ɡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ī㣬ҲˣҺô֮ӾͽҲȥ˯ɣøҡˡ
ūֵҹūӦģ˵ˣūҲأūѾ˯ˣȹ˯ˣūȥ˯١īϵ˵
˭˵㲻㿴۵ôŨŨĺȦأϽءƤۣȥ˯ɡ̫ƽĵ˵
ߵѾǣ̫ƽǱͬĹġ
īᶨ˵㲻ҪˡóһҹȻ˯أ㡣Ϊӡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ȼ˼֣磬˯һɡ㿴˯ˣͿԷӣȻһɴˡ
ôأī㼱ˣū澵ݵ΢ôܸ˯һأ
˵ԾͿԣ˵ˣҶ⣬ʲô㲻Ҫҡӡ㲻˯һôҸأ̫ƽī㣬ôȻ䱿ˡ
ǡū˯³Źī㻹ԥ
Ҳ⣬˯Ҳأĥߴˣȥϴˮһϴϴ˯ɡ̫ƽͷˣīһʲô˵ʲôģôī
Ǿū澵ݵͣϴ˯֮ǰīҲ˺ܶ಻ū澹ص£ȷ˵̫ƽһųԷȵȡ
˹Ϊʲô


709 ī

ī̫ƽ˼֣Ͳ˼ƴǣĶϴˮ̫ƽϴ֮Ȱ̫ƽȥȻԼҲϴɾȻѴ̺ãҲ˴̫ƽ˯һ
̫ƽ΢΢۾˵Ҫ˯ˣҡӣ˯˯ǧҪҹ֪𣿡
˯졣̫ƽ˹ī㡣
ǹ˯ſ԰ҽ˵˵Ҳáīж˵
İɣߡô˯أ˯úܰġ̫ƽ˸Ƿ
һˣ˯øһ㣬ε˯߿õõϢīݹȥһװŲҩҡ
̫ƽһڣʱԾûõġζŨţҪ˯ˣҪ˯ˡ
̫ƽī㡣Ҳûʲôϡ
ī˼䣬ǣ̫ƽûѹ˴
īǾȷ̫ƽѾ˯ˣ˴ߵſڡ
ȻһֻŸ룬īָϡ
īͳһֽֽۺãŸϣŸˣīҲݡ
ˮû¶һ
ңΪīֵ࣬ˣҲûбѾ߿һĻ
īȻ̫ƽߣˡ
һҹ̫ƽ˯൱ãҲīҵԵʡ
֮ڶ죬̫ƽʱɫûأ̫ƽˬ
֮ǰ̫ƽʱ򣬿Ƕû˯ġ
ԣ̫ƽҲ÷ǳ֡
īѹˣ۾£ĺȦƺ쿴ĻӸˡ
ī㣬ƹƤûУôȦˣ̫ƽֵ
ʱ̫︮ϣԪŵǼֻѻȴסֻŸ롣
ԭҲģ⼸ֻѻǱԪġǳƺֻŸĿģذΧֻŸ롣
Ÿ벻ѻѻˣֻѻŸϰϵֽ
Ÿߣ¼Ƭë
ѻͰֽ͵Ԫ
ԪֽһȻǼ֣С
ʲôпУѵʲôţʲô¿УŸ뿴ķڶмϸҪϢ̫ƽ׼Ԫ
ϡԪ̫ƽһ塣
磬ǲǺܾöûˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ˣһˡ
ѾͲһҪճһҲҪˣõҸҲΪˡԪЦǲ֪ҵҸʲôʱſ˵һͦĽġ
ˣ硣ʵҸߡ̫ƽסԪ֡
Ԫͷ̫ƽ׵ָָ׻ϸֹǣֺγ֪ǣҵҸֻҸУҲžѾӵˡ
磬ТӺܿͿԹȥģ粻Ҫôʧͻ̫ƽЦݲá
㣬ҾͲʧҵȵ𡣡Ԫ̾˿˵أ
ȻҲǡ̫ƽһЦ
̫ƽŸ˵ҪˡԪһźӡ
ȻϣʤѶѾΧס޽֮
̫ƽҡҡͷðɣˡգǱࡣ
ĺɹ̣īȲ衣
ԪӣȻ֡ôīϻŸëһζ
ԭ죬Ÿ뵹ڵϵʱµëԪˡ
Ԫʱ;ãëζöأƺǱʲôҩˮϡ
գīһԪŵˡ
̫˼ˣѵīŸʲôϵ
˵īǶϵļϸ
ī̫ƽѾߣԪ֪Ǹ̫ƽ£̫ƽҲīǼϸ˵ˣԪҲû㹻֤ݡ
ԪԼҲ֪྿ʲôģ
̫ƽм仰뵥˵Ԫ˵
̫ƽīһۡī֪Ȥˡ
ʲô°ҵѾ߶˵ҪףЩһǣҿΪáǲûʲôܵġ̫ƽҡҡͷ
̫ƽΣδضΰ֮ĲްԪͼ̫ƽ
硣ʲô˵ʲôأ̫ƽɶͷԡ
ԪͰŸ£̫ƽ
̫ƽЦֻץһֻŸ룬ô֪һǴǶɳģģ٣ûʲôϸˡ
̫ƽŸʶ򡣴Ÿ뼴뿪·ߣͿƳʱķǶԪ˵


710 Ңֱ

̫ƽǣԶ˭Ÿϵأ
Ԫ̾˿˵ϧûץסֻŸ룬ҪȻȻŸϵֻҪŸųͻɵǸ˵ָϣ㲻ء
̫ƽЦŸˣǾͲٷɻ˵Ÿֻ˶ѣ˵ѻҲѻȥҵֻŸ롣
ԪҪشīٴ˹Ρī±ūģ˵ϾҪѽˣ֪̫£Լ±ûС
Ԫ˵һԵģȥظˣлл̫ˡ
ī㻹վŲߡ
Ԫȵȥ𣿡
īһ̫ƽһۣȥˡ
̫ƽЦ磬ôˣôȻҵѾôװͰ͵ģ鲻𣿡
Ԫҡҡͷ˵̫ƽֹ
̫ƽ˸±˵˵Ҳ֣īҲ֪ôˣģղѾ±ˣҲīȥתĸˣī㻹㶵վڱϣҲ֪ôˡ
ԪĿϬҲãī𣿡
ʲôɣ˵ʲôѽֻǾīЩ֣ʲôɵģĪīǶļϸ𣿡̫ƽЦ
ѵûҪ֪īó㣬ҲϲҼīŸġԪڰʾʲôҲѹĺܵͣϣ̫ƽҲԪһī㡣
̫ƽȴûʾһЦīŸôˣҲŸ룬ŸһֺܺõŹߣܶ˶㲻Ҫټֺòã˶ɣǣҵЩѾ߿ɶֵεģȻǣҾͻȫǣҲỳǵġ
̫ƽԪ̾˿˵
Ҫˡ磬±ô㣬㲻𣿡̫ƽת˻⡣
̫ƽӱ𣿡ԪҲҲīǳɶԲԣ㲻ԸšΪī㵱ѣã㲻Ըīļϸ㲻Ըīûа㵱ѵã㲻ԸĴ鶼Ըȥ飬Ϊ㺦֪Բԣ
Ԫһʣ̫ƽҲˣˣ磬ôΪԼīƫͻأȻ㲻±Ͳ¹ĸ׵һ𣿡
ãҲ˵ˣ԰ɣ԰ɡҪֻ֪Ǵⵣ㣬ҵ߲Ǻˣҵ㱻ơԪй
磬ûôɵҲҵ̣òã̫ƽ±±ζ̫ƽ
̫ƽˣԪҲٴ̫ƽҲűҲһֿ֡ԪΪβ̫ƽֿأ
īԶԶؿԪ̫ƽ˵µʲô
ŸȻʧ٣ī;Щˡ
Ÿī˳׼ʱؼңûг
ΣŸȴ֪ˡ
ī죬оԪǻɵĿ⡣
ĪǣԪ֪ʲô
Ԫ֪īǼϸҲûпܵġţīȻͻ
̫ƽûлī㡣
̫ƽȥ󸮡
±͹㳢ڵģĵģȵġ̫ƽЦ
ҢѾ뿪·ˣܹл㡣ܸˣֵܿĳ
ҸĽ㶼˰ɣҪ£֮ͿߣҲҪҵĽˡ̫ƽĿ
ҢˣǵģҶءܹԸģĸҲأ
˽Цܹǲ֪Ҹ粻Ľÿõʱ򣬻ڱǼ˺ܾãֿ˺ܾáᣬʲô֮Ƶġ
̫ƽһ
ҢӺˣܹ㲻Ҫպ˵˵ҲȷǱ֮ܹþտҽģ򲻵ġ
磬һ̫ƽǰ˵ˡЦۣö±̫ˣҪ±
԰ɡ԰ɣ±ߣôˡҢװ˵
ǰߡõ̫ƽദǲǣչЦˡ
ҵãԽԽˣܹϡҢˣܹߣܹﾫտҽⱲҵܹģȡʱȡ
˵ҽģҵķ£ҳݡ̫ƽ̾˿˵㣬Ҫȥ߹ˣ˿֪ˣ
Ңҡҡͷǣֻ˵ȥһϣܹҲΪұܡ
Ϊʲô㲻ʵأ̫ƽ⡣


711 ͱ

ʵ棬ǽܲˣΪУȥ˱߹ؾȥġҢ̾˿˵
ǵҲǣ׵ĻԼ·أʵǱȻֹ̫ƽЦʹֹҲãҲǲϣȥġ
ܹѾӦ̫ˣһҪȥ˵ˡѾߣȥҲûйϵˣµġҲ֪ҲϣȸӣҰǴҲΪհһ¡ҢЦϾȸڴУǷǳߴĴڡ
лл㡣治֪Ҫôл㡣̫ƽˣ֪ɽлƫɽС
ܹ˵ллӦң㿴ҵȾȻˣⱲζû¡ҢһЦ
ʲôʱ̫ƽ̾˿˵ǻ
ģΪҢȫ׼
̫ķԸɡҢһӣпյ˴
ӣɳ©
˲ɣ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ȻǣϣߵԽԽá֪ҲΪҸˡ
šҢЦʱϾȻоѣ֮󣬼Ҹûܹżһ¡
İɡ
ʱ̫︮ϡ
ѻǴȻŸҹˡ
ԭŸˡ˿ڷףɲˣѻǴʱǵڵϵġ
ԪĸŸҽΡ
Ҹ̫ƽдţ̫ƽī̫︮ϣоϲ
̫ƽӵźԥ
ԪָҪ̫ƽīǰȥԪѾҵֻŸ롣
ԪҪ̫ƽǰ֤īǲǼϸ취ܼ򵥡Ÿȥī㣬ϳɹˣôīǼϸȻҲпŸˣϳʧ󣬻Ԫҵģ֮ǰֻŸ롣
ʲôпܣĿܾīǼϸ
̫ƽҪ֪ࡣҲȥߵˣԣ̫ƽܹϵأд˷ȥܾԪ
˭֪ԪȻһҪ̫ƽīȥȻ㲻ҵĻôʵȥһУ㲻ҪӱܼòãҺܵĵ߳˵ˣϣ߶Ƕҳϵѡ
ī㣬ȷҵѣҲỳ̫ƽִ˵
ȻǣΪʲôԼأ»Ԫ̾˿˵
ȻΪʲôҪأ֪𣿰ˣҲһˣͲˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵磬ĺˡŸҲϣúչֻŸ룬չЩѻһ
̫ƽΪʲôô¼īأԪЦīǼϸΣ
ѵ̫ƽˣΪ̫ƽû⡣
޷شΪⲻܷ̫ƽն
Ȼô֣̫ƽԺҲҪ¡ԪúˣΪ̫ƽںīǲǼϸ
磬㲻ңҪҢʲôʱȥ߹أ̫ƽ˿ڲʡ
Ԫ̾˿˵ϣ졣ǣҢ
ҺáҢĽѾˡ̫ƽһ˵ҪȻǻġԲҢ
ԪЦһҢȥ֡µġ
֣̫ƽһ
ţҲǸʶġһǵӡҽ׷ԪЦ׷Ңһȥ̫ƽİɡ
ҢҪˡ
ˮϡ
̫ƽԪԸҢС
;ǧһ̫¡ܹǲҪˡҢʵʵضǾϹ
ҢӦõҴ˵ȴ񡣡ԪҲҢϹ
̫¿ˡҢЦϣһʱѾˡԼλˣճɾڵõҸҲеҸ
Ԫ̫ƽһЦ
̫ƽݹȥһжҩҲ֪㲡ҩģȥõõʱ򡣡
Ңӹܹ̫ܵ£ܹи
Ԫס̫ƽļ˵ǵȻ̫ƽרġ
̫ƽᵽˣԪ⻰ĵ⡣ɵЦӣ·СģעⰲȫҪ£ֺˡ
ҢЦ̫˽ܹҲܹĸ˵֮ϡ
˵ԪҢļ˵ףɹ
л̫¡
Ңˡ
̫ƽԪһ˵죬ǿͱģ㻹ԴףͲѡڱʱ𣿡
ȻУҿСˣǶԼŮˣԲָ˰ͷԪЦ


712 ѡ

ðɣСϴ˰ɣ̫ƽû˵꣬;ͱԪסˡ
ء̫ƽĴš
ԪЦŷſȥ㻹ҲҺ˵˵С´ٷ㡣
̫ƽ촽һ
ղţԪ촽ȷܺóԡ
޻ǣġ
㣬ˡղţǲǳԽȥˣԪһЦ
ûСˣȥɡ̫ƽϵ˷ˡҢƻͻʧܣҢΣա
šԪ̫ƽ
ֹɳ
ʹƵʫϣһ˵ǲԽԽûˣʱ䣬ҲԽԽˡ
ʫæƵǰ˵ϼ顣ΰǷ˿̸۱ȽϵġѾúˡ
ʵʫںͻʱȴְĻԪϡ
ְġҲʫֹģֻڣְľͺɨһʫˡ
ʫĶԪ
Ƶȴ̾һϣޣĲˡ
ֻһ徣͢ô죿̫ĺ
ƵۺȻˣԪΪΨһĻʴ˼
ΪƵҲףû󣬾ǸǾԲͳνɽġ
ԪǴӲܻǴԸ˵Զ֮ϣһƹ¡µ
һ㣬Ҳ
ֻǣ֮ǰ̽ԪТģϾԪĸĸסǱϺģԪ˴᲻Ի¶֣Ҳδ֪
ϻϣԼյģңϿǿϣ̫ȷӶԼȨܿա
ǣƺٵȴˡ
ŷҲʾϣԼĺʴ
ŷɺܼ򵥣Ԫ˻ϡĶӿܻᱻ
Ψŷĺ˻ϲȥˣΪŷĺ̫СˣϵȻɡ
ΪŷĺСǣŷҵ˿ɲǶС
ŷĺ̶˿Ԫ
ʫƵԥ룬ϸòΪѡŮ飬Ҫ֪⼸Ȼ˺üŮδۻңһֱ֪ѡĸҲġ
ʫ˵ʵϿѡԼϲǸ
ϲ޷ƯŮˣʫ֮˵仰ΪʫŮ
ŮЦЦòƽƽ
۳Ļίʵܹûǰһġ
һȷ̫࣬Ů϶һȥˡ
ʫȥ㲻ѡ˭ЦЦһҪѡϵݸʫ˵
ʫһԭϾˣǲӦʵģǳʵ֣ЦЦڣΪʲôϻעأ
Ƶ۰˵ȷЦЦڣǣЦЦǶģ޾ҪŮ˾жô
ʫʼɼˣ϶Ϊ̫ƽ϶̫ƽҲΪò̫ƽ̫ƽĽãȻѡŮˡ
ΪҪЦЦ̫ƽĴ档
ǡʫȥˣʵʫЦЦ
ϸƤģһΪ㳤úܳ󡣿̫ƽĽãĶƣģžᡣʫϸָЦЦ
ЦЦʹýһ϶ʱһĺָӡ
ЦЦ⣬ΪʫĿ˳ޡ
ΪЦЦûĽʫ¶֡ҪЦЦˣ
Ѿˡʫ˵֪˹Ҳûб¸衣
ЦЦʵˣҴûҪ裬ֻܹúõ̷㡣
̷ңˣѾעˣȥ̷ϾͿˡʫҡڵˡ
ЦЦȻû뵽˻ûأͱ˵ĥŰ
ЦЦܣʲô
ʱȴųܱ
֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡ЦĿϬ
Ӣ֪ūܱ˵
û޲ģ֪㻹áϺ˿ڲ裬ȻѲ豭˵ϡ
ž豭һء
㲻ǶЬӣƬϣ޿һĿ⣬̽Ϯ
ܱ֪ŵΨһᡣ
ЩƬ񵶼һ
ܱ۾ȥ
ʹϮ
ܱҧסˣˡ


713 һ

ϣūŶҳϣԸūϵɽ»𺣣ūҲԲаƴǵĻܱ¹ѪܵĽƵڵϡ
ĴʯϣʱѪӡ
ϵͷɣ
лϡܱ˲ͷϵĺˮϣˡ
ϴ͸ܱȲ˵նΪãϲǺõġ
˵öԡԣˣūҲˣҪūŲõõġܱЦ۹á֪ūҳϡ
ЦǰԣΣҲҪίΡ
ūŹϲԸūΣūһȥɡܱϲлˡ
޾㲻Ըȥ̽
ܱ̾˿ʲôȹηܱʹأ֮ǰҲܱẦ£һܱȥΣպΣյأ
ܱܻẦ»ܾβһ˱ηʹࡣܱھãľɣȥܱҲҪɡ
ԣܱԥشӦˡ
ܲΣҪȥ߹أɱȸЦ³֮޻ΪһƷ١
ܱһգܱܲĶ
ǣȸʲôˣܱû
ϣūܣɱȸȸɱˣиСܱʱšһſ
ɱȸܱԼҲܳΪսʥˡ
ȸϵĶԹԹܱҲ˵ġ
ȻҪȥȸܱȷõѡ
ⲻΪܱΪ˽ƻΪܱȥɱ԰ѻϵΣж
ϿɲϣԼɱ޹ͷ
ܱȥôģͻܱͻ޹ءϣԼĻı
ˣ£ȻǻϾȻѡܱȥܱƴǲǾֻ·һˡ
Ϊϲһûоҳϵˣûõˣȥ
뵽ܱɵɪɪ
ȥɱȸȥɱȸҲ
ܱһ··
ȴܵȻŶ㲻Ը⣿Ŷԭ㲻Ը⣡
ܱ¿ͷūвԸĵūֻɲ񡣻˻ϵĴ¡
㲻õģ޼ȻȥѾ׼ڱ߹أб˻Ӧ㣬ҪҪɱȸһɱˡЦȻ㲻ң㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ㡣Ϊ޴ϲǿˡ
ܱ˵ūųϻ̳Ͽ֣Ը⣡
ŶԸ𣿡ЦĿ
ܱʵūΪϰ£һҡ
ɣ롣޺ΪˡϾϲ
û뵽ܱӦˬ죬йݵԥܱȻͨˡ
лࡣܱװ˳ӡ
ʵܱǹ˳֮ˡ
ã׼£գͳɡƵۺص˵ͷ
ϣһҪô𣿡ܱһ
ʲôʱ飬Ӧÿӱޣȴأ޸ƵЦ΢΢һ
ˣūŲǲȥūϥһԶŮū֮ǰټһǡܱϿҵ˵
㿭ټٰϲΪȻ
ǣһūšҲزأܱȥʵū϶׼
Ƶ̾˿˵벻СˣҲг֮ġհհգˡ
лϡܱϲ
û뵽ϻȻټһ˵ȥһҪ
Űɵιȥˡ
˭֪Ҳһʹˡ
ý㣬벻Ҳˣǵȵ˾Ƕ常ˣҪȻҲϲµˡ
˵Ҹףһи𣿸ĸסǺǡ
ض常һвѵĿԡý㣬˾֪ˣҲܸж常ǹҡ䲻Ƕ常ġǶ常һ̾
֪˭أĪҪ²̫硣˵
Դɲз֮󣬱ֱԴˡ˶Զ˭Ѿʧˡ
ЦЦҲˡ
ףôҲˣ˵ڳΨһѡŮҲǺ֡㳤òÿȴÿκ˶ϡڿˣôɴɲáǿģˣҲᷳɾͳ˻ʹĻѸˡ
㣬Ѿøˣοڿأǻټ˵ǼǵĸסϿǵТģαΪһŮأЦЦ˵
ɲŮѾ̸󷿣Ĵ󷿵ŮݿɱҸ߹ˡЦ


714 ܱ뿪

ЦЦ㣬Ϊʲôأ㶼Ѿˣ˳谮㣬Ҹ˺ӣӣӿɱҺöˣҽȥҪԺ󹬵֣ҲҪŮ˷㣬ǽͬģӦҲǡôܹأ
Ǻһҿÿһ˿Ҽ㰮мӰɣԭþǿ⸱˶󷿵ĵŮֳΨһ빬ŮϧˣҲһף룬вֻҲһװɣҪȻôûûбϳңСѾأЦ
û˼㡭ЦЦˡ
˺ˣˣȥ常ɡѵ㣬㲻𣿡̲ס˵
ôһҪһ֪֪һ֮ĸжࣿԹ˸
ĸôˣЦЦһ
ĸѾΣˣ˭֪ȥôЦЦⲻĸף㵱ȻˡЦ
ҹĵģô᲻ģֻǲ֪ˣԴӽԺ󣬾Ͱĸ׽ӵңȻҲܼˡЦЦ
εƵһɶҼһ㲻ûﶼûУŶûһ⣬㻹Т˳ĺŮͱˡ
˵ѾˣҲԼãټЦЦûгҲ̫ġҲǰ˭ǰס桰ϡ˵
ЦЦûгΪءѧŰͽˣΪҲ֪ʲô˼Ҹף޷ҲֻϣҸܹôڸ㣬ûˣҸѱûа취ٸκκôҪǸϵˣֻҲܵǣҷȰ㡣ԽԶԽá˵⻰ʱȻ¶顣
㣬ô˵׺õأõܿ϶ҲһźİЦЦί˵
ѽǴ󷿵ĹܲˣҲֻһǶˡЦЦ㿴ףǽʲôأ㲻Ҳװɣѵף̱˵
㣬׾Ǹף̸˱ˣҲҪһ׵ġ㣬ôǳǳĵǲ֪ǹңҵģЦЦ۾ﺬᣬ
ҲҶ֪Ц
λҪˣǽȥС˳
һһ˽ȥ
Ҫǰͷ˵ĵλõġ
ЦЦȴ˵ܵܣȥɣ档
ѾŮˣӦȽȥɡҲ˵
ⲻԵġҵСϲߡЦЦ̾˿˵
ҪҲװȽȥʲôأ̯̯ЦЦЦ㣬¸ҵ㣬ġڣһġ
šЦЦ˫Ŀᣬˡ
ȻҪǵܱ
ܱһۣׯ£վӵĹݡ
Ѿ̫࣬ҺܸˣŮһȻҵӣȴʤҵӵ棬ʱȻҡܱЦ
סЦЦһסܱϥǹˣŮĺ㣬Ӷȥˣþòˡ
Ůܹ˳빬׺ΪˡҪס²ǿͷ͵¡ǳ֮ơ
ף㲻ظЦЦ˵ЦЦɱأҪȻôôŮֻЦЦһ˵ѡǧˡ֮ǰôɫͷһѡ˸ɫƽˡ˵
ЦЦ
磬㲻˵õġһֱ㣬ҪΪÿܾǻ˴治ͦõ𣿡ܱ˵
֮䶼ܱ˴桢أͬĸĽã״ĸô˰ɣ檵ʱûĸףĸײˡǸûˡ߷߲ƽЦ
ҽ첻ܵģҪˣϣǶҪҶĻҪ˵ˡܱ촽
ǰ˵常ˡл֮ǰҺͶĸ׵չˡ֪Ҫȥ
ӣһжͼĺӣԺһгϢԺҵŮˡҪȥҲҪ˵ܱЦŷ档


715 

Ȼ常˵ֶҲǿȶ常ˣֻϣ常úõģǰ·עⰲȫһúչ˽ǵġϿҵ˵
лˡܱ̾˿˵ЦЦȥΪĴұϣҪǵã㹦֮һţҪҾȳȥ
һģסЦЦˡ
ҪޡܱŮһܼǿԲ׵¡ܱɫ
ⳡᣬܿͽˡ
ܱȻͱ˱߹أҹ̣ȻҲ˻н鱦ȸʽ
ֻǣ±Ԫѻˡ
Ԫ̫ƽ˵
ʲôϾȻɳȥܱȥ˱߹أ̫ƽսȭͷĿϬ⻹˵ҪɱȸҺÿ磬㼰ʱɳҢȥȸǣҢӦûΣˣΪܱҢȸ
ѾдŸӺһֻѻ͹ȥҵѻӦûܱǰһ߹أʱӺҢܱôԪ˳֮УҾ϶ϲʲôȻ
磬ǣܱսթȥ߹أлϵּ⣬ӺҢܱĶְ̫ƽǳżҲϣκһ˳°
Ƕ£ұ֤ǻ£һڳ֮ǰաԪĿһ䡣
ʲô磬û˼̫ƽһ
ҵ˼ǣաԪһЦ
۶λˣ𣿡̫ƽһϲ磬ͨˡ
̫ƽôֵôˣһأԪ⣬һǻ𾪵𣿱ϾһΣյ¡вͻ᳭塣
ᣬ磬һֱ£˺ܾˣʵѾܲˣǿ粻һҾ£˵֡ʩ࣬Ӽðգմ﷿ݡΪʵۡ˳ӦĵġŷԵҲ̫ࡣ̫ƽһЦԣһҲ𾪡Ϊ磬¸ҵˡ
Ԫס̫ƽ˵л㣬̫ƽлôҡǣͲʧˣҲ𣿡
ģ磬Ұ㣬ô۲ŴԡôʧأңʧˣҲῴ㣬ǿüġ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽԪЦģҪ棬Բôü档
š̫ƽ˵ԪĻ
һϢģ߹ǱߵԪĿ
ЦЦΨһѡŮǺ󹬵£ȴ˳Ұ
ҷ׷ײ²⣬ǲҪʼжˣȻΪʲôŷҺҵ˶ѡˣǶòƽƽЦЦȴ˳˹ڽһͱˡ
ҲΪϿеЦЦòϾŮԽĲ٣Ƕѡˣɼ岻УҲɫˡ
ԣǾֻһԭ򣬾ǣЦЦڶ£
Ȼֻ֪ЦЦͷһ죬ϾЦЦǴҾ벻ֻټЦЦûЦЦűӳЦЦ
ûЦЦһ£ȴֻڳзЦ
ЦЦֻ֪ˣȴ֪ϻŰԼ
ȻԼѾȥⱲӶҪںЦЦĶˡ
ЦЦɲÿ춼޴ţ硢
ڳܡôأ

𻨿˾ջֻǣˣˣ˵ˣҲˡ
̫ƽź÷Ԫˣһɫӣɺٷ硣
벻ЦЦôûԪЦ
̫ƽ÷˵δǺء
Ϊô˵أ̫ƽ᲻ǶˣԪЦŽҿ豭ĺ㡣Ȼй㡣
ǵȻ˹𻨡̫ƽ̾˿˵޶ЦЦ£Ǽ٣ŰǶࡣ
Ԫһѹˡ
ѹʲô硣ǲ⼸ЦЦ̫ƽµˡ
ʲôӲ۾̫ƽԪ̾˿˵ǵģҼЦЦˡ˵ЦЦôͱңӦûȸԾûκθ˵ɫеֻǣʧ䣬ŭ˵ǳޡ
̫ƽһޣôЦЦ˭أ
֪ԪҡҡͷҲǻϣҲЦЦĶҲˡ
̫ƽվ˵⣬õĻأ


716 ڲ

ãԪһֲ˶仨ڱǱš
̫ƽ˵ͷǳЦЦ޻ϣһ֮ǰ˵Ļ
̫ƽЦЦ빬ǰһж͡
ЦЦɵӣһµóⷢжΪӱŰЦЦһĨϷͣϡ
ȻЦЦҲ֪ȻԶҩΪû˭ôɵȥĶҩʹԼݱ¶
ǡ̫ƽҲ㲻֪ЦЦͬʱҲ޶㡣Ԫ̾˿˵ЦЦδػᱻڲ
û˻ıһ˰ڲġ浱ǰЦЦҲУⷢͿǴ͸һöװ׵õģٿ԰ȥһ޶󡣡̫ƽȴ
ЦЦûʱ̫ƽЦЦԸԼ϶Զ̬ȣϵЦЦн졣
ԣ̫ƽǰ͸ЦЦ͡
ʱһ˽ĵϷ˶̫ƽǶһ٣ΪҶЦЦɵӡĸԸر̫ƽڲ
ǣʵǣЦЦ϶Ϊû˻ܾǵ㣬ܵвʱ
Ԫȴһ£ʫŷںıҪӺҡҺñһδƽ⣬Ѿʼʫŷ׵Ĺϵˡ
Ǻ鰡磬Լȥŷңǲʡ˺̫ܶࣿƽЦ
̫ƽõģȻҲõϣԼֱ۵ģȻֱۿܱԼǻҲֻܡϾôԪ
ҪǾ⣬ϣκһҶĳ
̫ƽЦҪ⣬Ҳܣͷôһ̡
ô̫ƽûϻȡʲôʩأԪһ
̫ƽЦһ룬룬κ˶ŮԹޣǣֲܲеģǾֻܲŮˡ
˼˵ϻɱʫ
ܶڲɱϾɱʫ͵ڱ¶Լޣϸŷ֮ǾֻǲŷԪˣǻֱɱŷ׽ϲô̫ƽ˫ֱЦ
ǵģı㣬￴˲ҲɱԪͷ̫ƽ벻Ѿ˻ıˡ
һǸſѧģ̫ƽԪЦ
ɲҪ˵˵ҲǸѧģԪס̫ƽְֺ֣ޣﶼǳ硣
ȻǸѧġҲ˵еĻ¶Ǹſѧġ̫ƽƤһЦ
ðɣǲǽʲôҪѧʲôأԪ̫ƽ°ͣһЦ
ǾҪ̵ĺòˣ̫ƽƿԪ
˭֪Ԫ̫ƽ§ĸЩ
Ƭ촽׵һ
Ԫ۾аһЦ˵㣬ĺòأ
쵰̫ƽĴԪ
ɡԽúܣԽ֤ҽ̵ĺܺãѧءԪԽ˵Խˡ
̫ƽſҡ
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´ΣԪаЦˣ´Σֻۡ
㡭ֱ޳ܣ̫ƽĴԪ
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̫ƽӹһԪЦЦЦȥһԷءЦЦҪ˵
ҪҪ㣿Ԫ
ãɱҵɽ˿ȸһţһ塣̫ƽҲʵʵ˵ˡ
Ļ𣿿ȴҪһӡԪЦ
ҪǲҪȥԼĽãʲôøģ̫ƽΪȻ˵
Ԫ̾˿˵̫ƽ𣿡
ֻ˵˵ģҲġΪ磬Һһϣ쳤ؾõİ顣̫ƽЦ
Ȼ̫ƽȥ˻ʹЦЦ
̫ƽ㡣ЦЦȻס̫ƽֱôãĺûȥڶϵӣǣϧȥȻ֪ϧ
ãҲܵõϵҡǶ빬Ůܲġ̫ƽЦ£ĸҸԼҲķۣ㰡ˮȣˬˮȣںβ
лĸϧĸ۰ңͲӦ빬ЦЦȻԹ޵˵


717 

̫ƽһôЦЦôӽ㿪ʼһֱ߿࣬ѵ빬ô𣿡
ûϣûа飬ú̫ƽ㣡Ǳ˳谮ţȻҵĿˡЦЦʵ
ôûϣأ㲻Ѿõϵĳ𣿡̫ƽεЦ
ǳŰɣЦЦЦ
ЦЦ㲻ɺ˵˵ģôŰأ̫ƽæȥŴˡ
ûк˵㿴ЦЦ䣬¶ֱϵİ̺ۡ
۵źϣôԵ˺ۡȷǳºͲ̡
ôõģ̫ƽˡ
˵ûŰңϵİ̺۾֤ݣ˵빬𣿡ЦЦ޺޵˵
ԲЦЦҲ֪㷢ôࡣ̫ƽ̾˿óҩ࣬˵Ĩ档õġ
ʲôãˣ챻ŰֻСЦЦûнӡ
ЦЦҪҸĻʲô澳жҪɥʧϣ˵ˣѵ͸𣿡̫ƽĿϬ
ЦЦЦҵȻֻǣҺͻϹϵãûнĨͰ˵ˣⷢûж̫ƽΪ治֪𣿡
̫ƽ΢Ц֪ó֪ܴҲϵȻĽֻ֣ܽŰ𣿡
һϷˣҿѽ֪ⷢҵġͶҲҪܵǣЦЦв
ҵȻ֪̫ƽЦҿԱ֤˷ֵġ
ΪΣЦЦװɵˣĿϬ
̫ƽЦΪķͶҩûôױ˷֡
̫ƽǲǶԼ̫ˡЦЦɲţֻߣ̫ƽõңԡ̫ƽνˣ
ЦЦҲǶˣһپһô᲻أ̫ƽЦҡҡͷڵ㣬ʵ㡣ȥαװó˳ǲ顣ΪȻŮȴܱϲȥҲǳӭĵս磬Ȼ뿪˶˴󷿡ɼǷǳĻˣʱƣı䡣㲻ǵˡ
ЦЦЦ̫ƽ㵹Ƿǳ˽ҡҲ˵ǶԵġѵŮûкѵֻЩҷŮǺö𣿲ðɣҲ赶ɱˣ̫ƽᡣ
̫ƽЦЦЦ֪ΪãѾѡ񡣡
ԣǱѡ񣬵ǣȴϲ˰ڲǣҲӦһЦЦһЦ
˵̫ƽش÷ǳ̹Ȼ
ܼ򵥣ҿ浽̫ƽ̫ƽҪҳıߡЦЦҡҡ˵
ΪʲôҳΪĸ̫ƽЦ˼ҴûгΪıĴ㡣
Ϊ֮ǰһû빬ǣڲһˡҪλҪİλ̫ƽǹˣ԰ҡЦЦʤȯգô˵ɣңһ㡣
ðѷĨڻͷڰáɲ̫ƽɲŻģǣ
̫ƽתߣЦЦôжᡣ
̫ƽôЦЦˡΪ̫ƽΪ˵õǮʲô
û뵽̫ƽǿҲԲκ
·ϡ
ϡϣһ۾·ߴС
̫ƽͣ
ôˣʲôˣ̫ƽ˵
ҵ۾ʯŪˡɫš
ܻۡ˵۾˺̫ƽѸƵ
Сĵ㣬Ҫǿ̫ƽŸ˵ļ
ֻ˵һֻ۾ͨ죬ڻƵġ
ٶһ̫ƽСؼ۾֮һĴŸ˵ļ
̫ƽ÷˵ϴ۾
Ȼ̫ƽȥҩ׼һЩѹӢ
ѹӢȽⶾġ
̫ƽó«έһĽѹӢν˵۾
Ϊ˼̼̫ƽѹӢЩɡ
ڸоô̫ƽʵ
ǺһЩһ۾˵ɽ
ţģ㲻Ҫᣬһ̫ƽ˵꣬ȥ׼ˡ
Ϊ۾ǽۣ̫ƽ׼Ʒ
õķֱӷ۾ϡ
̫ƽڷ˱Ƭɰ÷ıģ
ھΣ̫ƽӽѯʸˣüʱƷ
۾еĺܣ֮󣬸ԾˣҲ¶Цݡ
лŮ٢ҽ֮Ůæ¿ͷ衣


718 й

̫ƽ֮ԸҾˣ޷ǾȷţЦЦҲ÷͡
۸ЦЦֵ̫ʱЦЦ÷ҲãΪЦЦûбĶҩЦЦҲҩֳжҩһʧģЦЦô᲻أ
ԣ̫ƽһнܹݡ
£̫ƽȥ󡣿ʼı

ŷѩǰ˵̫ӣѾ˼̫ƽǰһϷҲ֪̫ƽ᲻мơΪ˵̫ƽǳƻʵѾˣŹҵĶӰɡô˵ӿԸ档
סŷѩͷ۾޵Ļ˵Ź֪֪Ǳĳ裡Ĵڣÿ춼ձ
֮ǰҲ˵޹ġְŷѩ˻ߵؽ
㣿ҿɲϣŪҵ֡Цŷѩ̫ƽûѾˣԼû𣿡
̫ƽʹǾһϷѣôܹ̫ƽͶȫأŷѩҵʱ䣬һ̫ƽмơ
ʱ䣿Ѿܶʱˣ㵽ڻûãôأЦŷѩֻҪҸ˵϶Ӽš
ŷѩɫ԰ףãһڰڣ̫ƽ֮ء
Ϊ˺ӣŷѩӦˡ
󹴴һЦƿŷѩ˵ģڣûа쵽ӣᱻ͵ǰûǡ
ŷѩɱ
ʹ
ïܵһɡֱͦͦĳš
紵һԵǣţŤһţȴ˿
ŷ׺ʫԶ
㲻Ҫ͹ң׻ϻῴġʱôأԼѣһءʫ˵ŷױ־롣
ǹ죬ǻϿҲûйϵΪʲôôأʱԽǿԽǻ˻ɣѵ֪𣿡ŷ򶨵غȲ衣
Ҳ֪ʲôеֻ֪ŷ״ûеʫ˵죬ŷ׳ԵĳֻñӬҧһġ
еġҵĵǣʱҪһԸԪˣҪȻԪ˳ذѻǾˡŷ׺Ȼ̧ĿϬ
ʫһֻɲҽ
Ҵҽ֪ԪѾʼԻˡŷЦ
ȻʮİգΪʲô㲻ȥ߻ϣûϴԪأʫ˵ԪٴҲֱӶԻְɣ
㲻ңҿǺͬһϣ㲻ҡѵСԪ𣿡ŷˣȲʱ촽òʪ촽
Խ˵ԽˣҸԪ֮װסʫվȻҹǳܵģˡ
Ҫߣ㼱ʲôŷˣ˵Ԫˣ
ʫ˵ŷףûʸҵ£ûʸʼɡ㣬ʲôˡ
ŷսȭͷ˵ʫٰˡٴûذһŮˣ֪֪Щٶֱҹ˼롣
¡ĴҵΪûôãҸֻϵ㣬һʼŷ˾֪ģԣŷ˲ҪҵСʫ˵Ԫŷ˿ڿ˵ԪȥٱҸ֮ĹϵʵûС
ԪȥûУԺҪģɱڣԪҲûл¡ŷĿϬȻ춼ձ
ֻҪǲҪټͿˡʫЦҲ㡣һμ档
Ϊʲôŷ׼ˣҲӦ
ʫҡҡͷŷףٶҾݣҾ͸߻ˡ
߻ϣΪϻŹٲ֮ˡŷŭɶҪ뿪ңúõȥԪֺԪôԼ㲻֪Ҳ
ֻ֡ҾöġҲٸӬһ˺òãҲ޷ļˡ
ʲô㾹ȻұӬô㣬ȴ˵㲻ұ𣿡ŷһȭȥӶˡ
ֻ֪һǱϻɵģҪɱҲңŷ˼Ҵƴ󡣻ϲ㣬ֻйߣҲˣοҸͲϲ㡣ʫ˵ˡ
ŷŭʫ֪֪ҵ³Ǻܲҵġ
ʫϸʱ÷ǳɡ
Ͼ֣ʵĲˣ


719 ֵ

ʫɢһͷںڵ㷢ϻ˺飬͸΢죬ˡ
ÿβʫʱʫȴʶأʫ
ϣǲǼǴˣʲôʱ˵Լвˣʫίˣӳ鶯
ûУ޼ǵ˵ԼĲ̽
ĲʫһȻʫԼû˵ˣһĲʫͽš
ĪǣѾ֪ʫĲǵòԪҪȻôǵôأ
ϾʫҲ쵽Ϻʫ̬䵭˺ܶࡣ˵ʫոյó裬˵ʸлûأӦʫܸ˲Ŷԣǣȴеˡ
ȫǵ˰ƺҪ̽ˡ
ʫɲԸⱻϰǿܣЦס̫Ѩ˵ϣ۸檡֪Ĳǲ̫õģ㻹˵óȥ̫ˡˣ檲ˡ
Цʫ°˵ôأ˺ˣ֪Բã޸ˣĲ˵ҪźĻ㣬ڻǺĻļڣܲˣѾ˴ӱѺֲڻʼһ԰ʱŵĻĻˡ
ԭ檵Ĳ𣿻ϾȻǵó檵Ĳ𣿡ʫжؿƶ֮Ȼû˿س檣Ǹж£Ī֮
Ǻǣ㻹֪лޣӦúúõһ£֪ԺҲްŸˡʫѹ
Ȼϻǻʫŷ֮в졣ǣʫûϷǳ
ѾʹˣΪʱĻӻ״̬Ѿǰܶʱ򣬻ҪŮ˼ио
ǣӶľͷһֻʫûϺԻҲʫ
ңʫŷ׵ǲ׽ӰģϿѡšУȻʫѾعˣҲȥۡ
Ͼϲϲʫˣֻϲʫˡ
ҪȻϿ֪ʫһͲģʫз֮أɰʫ빬ΪһεʱʫûϷǳˣ
߹ء
Ңһ׻ɫб£½غɫĲ֦ƣ°ڴһȦɫİߣ˱߹ؾӪӺȸӡ
˵̫˼ӺҢĽ֮󣬴һΪ˰ȸӣĿĿɼΣǣôðգͲȸǻؾǱϷ֣Ӷ˶𣿡
ȸɫǰ˵ˣҢңҲǶӲƽһӱ˸ǺãҲΪԼȥǣǣ޹ˡ
ҢЦ̫̫ƽһ⣬ȸԸ⡣ǹǵһ˼ˣҪ֪ƻҶﻮ˺ܾã񾩳ǱѾ˽ӦȸӣֻҪǰƻȥУͲᱻϷֵġ
ǣôǣأǵة֮ǰҶͬΪǰ̫Ӱ칫µģѣҸӦðƳȥԼȴúôˡȸҡҡͷȥڲѡ
Ҳƻ̫ðˣҪдŸ̫˵ٿһӺ˵
ʵǴܹﶼȰ̫£̫˵Ѿƻˣ̫ǲܹȥʵ֡ǹ̫һˣ˵ˣҲѾˣٻȥĻ»Ӱ쵽̫ھǵжءҢĿϬ˵
ھǵжҪʲôӺһ
Ҳ֪̫ҪˡҢ˵顣
ŶûиӺ̾˿˵
ܣҪҪܱȽϺðɣҢЦ̫ܹ֮ˡ
֪Ӻɫ˵̫ܹﶼǵѣ콫ȷҪǡ
ȸ̾˿˵Ҳǲǣֻǲ۱ˣΪҵôˣֵ𣿡
ֵãȻֵáֻҪ˵ֵãǾֵãǵİҲӭȸӣѵ𣿡Ңһ仰ȸĶ˵ˡ
ȸ˼ޣɺȸԲΪԼǣѵҲɺ
ѵɺҪһӴڱ߹ءȸܿ
Ȼɺ˵ûϵǣΪɺĸȸѵҲɶӰഺ̣ȥ
ȸǲʵˣµм仹һҢһȸʦةĶӡ


720 ·

ȸɵ˹ȥ
ʱȸǰ̫ӣʦة࣬ϵǳá
ȸҲǿҢġ
ةȻҲϵȸӣ÷ݯ
ʱ÷ݯΪ˸һȹһ٣ϴһƬ𲭣ԶԶķ⡣ׯţ˼֮ףκһ˶ϲ÷ݯ
ǰ̫ҲȤʶ÷ݯҲһ᲻˻Ҳϲ÷ݯ˸Ȣ÷ݯ
ɼ÷ݯȻ
̼ǵõةĽ̻壬˲̫â¶ȻˣةҲڵ壬ɸŷâ¶ǰ̫ӣԼͬâ¶ȸ
ĶҲֻ׻ᣬǣةȴ
ҢҾԲܹ㶥ȥôΣյ£㻹СͲ֪жôΣաȸ̾˿˵㲻֪㸸ʦҲԶҵʦ
Ң۾ʪˣһǵãСʱ㾭ҵͷҪúö飬ĲãԼȸзˡ
ⲻܹ㣬ǱݺġȸĿϬµֻܸ㣬ȵôϵˡ
콫㶼֪ЩʲôҰɡҢգ۾
˱εҢѾʲôˡ
ȸ̾˿˵ҿּҹӣϣֽšˤ
أӺҲһˣְ𣿡
ȸͷǡ
Ң벻ȸķʽȥԼŮ
뵱ȸŮɫ㣬޸ְģȻҢôʶҲĴ
òƣҽտͺڵ̫ƽһģһ
Ң룬ҢʶҲᰮŮӡ
ΪҢͰ̫ƽˡ
˵̫ƽǵڶ
õŮȴɢˡֻΪһְġҢȻϧͣ
ӶҢҲְģûԵʵķС
ȸ˵Լ˫ȾȻǱְƱзϵġҢֱţΪʲôʱҺְĶôСΪʲôְı곤꣬ȴݺң֪ҵʱְʶҲûгޡ
ȸ̾˿˵ְĵʱҪݺةֻ࣬ǲ롣ѡˡ
ΪʲôְΪĺҪʲôҢߡ
ȸ̾˿˵ʱּҺǰ̫ӺĹϵ̫ãְҲΪ˰ּңͷǰ̫ӵʦɡֻ˵˭ذǰ̫أ
ɶҲڣҪҸһ˫ȵĴۣҢսȭͷ
ҢüĿ㣬һƺźܶܡʱ΢¶һɫ
Ƕ˵ıԡӺͺ޵۾Ѫ˿ˣְģϧ
ȻҼְġһɱɱŽޡɺŭ
ΣҢȣѾˡȸЦǹϲˡ
ⶼ̫ƽҽտҢЦܹκҡ
ܹӺ۾һ
ɺЦᵽܹӺϳò⣬ҼǵãһοӺ飬ŵʱ򡣡
ôҶӺ
Ӻˣܹȷҽܺúܺá
˵ĲܹҽӺ̬ȡȸҲоʲôЦ
ˡӺӺˣֱǣԽԽڡɴ࣬˵ˡ
̫ƽĺ񡣡ȸЦҽʵǾտ
ǵġܹǱΪŮ٢Ӻּһ䣬±˿Ӻע̫ƽƵġ
Ңʱǲԭְġ
˵ְѾˡȸ̾˿˵Ңñˡ
֮ǰΪ˫зϵĽŶˡְĲֹҵ˫ţٵȴҲҵǰѽҢ޵ȫˡ
Ҫ˵ôܳܳ㻹ᡣԸıˡȸҢļ˵ԭȥġһӻڳΪԼĺá١Թİһ㡣
ұڹôã֪һŹְġҢŭδ
ְѾˣȴˡʤߣְˡЦĲӮȸЦԣҢ㲻Ҫһжûб䡣
ӮΣ˷ʮ꣬߹ô·Ң̾
ҢȳӣͿԲμ״Ԫԣңң˱
Ңõʱ⣬ȴѾȡ
ڣҪŬſӵУ


721 

ҢҲ֪е˺£˾ˡҲˡ
ͺ̫ƽ
ϲǲϲôҲϲ
ΣҢְĵӣǽˡ
ְû߼߼ǵ¡ΪҢãְû
ǴΡ̫ƽԪʱ˵©죬˵ְû
Ңˣֻû˵ΪҢԭΪǺҢ޹ϵ顣

һڴ̨ϸҶƮĻɢ䶼
̫ƽŲüӣȻϾ̫ƽҲζ
һ߲˰ڼһԻпʺļѪʯССӡ°棬кЩûõ̡
Ԫһд֡
䣬ִīʣơƮ£֡
磬֣ī̫˵㣬ʲô£ƽЦݹȥһ
̫ƽҵ֪벻ī٣㶼ܴпҵ顣Ԫؿ̫ƽĿ⣬̫ƽס
磬£Ϊβ˵أһߣһֱ̫ƽ԰˵
ԪĿ⣬ЦҢ˱߹֮Ӻٸţ˵ȸԸҢ滻Ϊ˳ɹӻȸӣҪȥһ˱߹ˡ
̫ƽĿⰵô˵磬Ǿǲ֪ǵϢ𣿡
ᣬιȥ߹أضϢġ̫ƽҲҪκˡѾ£ѾˡϣҶΪҪȥΣԭǹ۵岻ʣ鲻ãҪȥɢġԪؽ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ѵһҪȥܽ𣿡
¹ػܣñ˹ȥһ˵ˣݲаʧΪһϵȫֵģұ԰ȸӽӹҲŷġԪ֣ص˵
̫ƽĵ˵ǡҪȥҸһȥ
̫ƽ㻹иҪҪ㲻ܸһȥû壬й¶ҵݡԪҡҡͷ˵뿪ǵЩҪ˰Ϣ⣬ҪҴ㸮ϵ顣
ǡ㲻ҸȥȻһС̫ƽ˲˵ǡȥӺȸѵͻӦһҲӦô죿
ģʱ̣һӦԪһЦ̫ƽҪףȸһȫֵˡԹȥҵļƻһ֧ҵġ
Чʵ䷴أȸȷһȫֵˣȸͬʱҲһҳϵĽ޴ˣҳеĻϡеƶȣ»ϲȸҪıȨλȸһֹ㣬㡣̫ƽ
ҵȻôɵڲѵ£ҿҪƭȸˣƭ𣿡ԪСĵʵ
ᣬΪ֪ΪȸǣΪҡ̫ƽ˵
ô̫ƽ͵һұؾ£ҵĻʺ󡣡Ԫº͵Ц
̫ƽ˵ȻѾˣģһƽġʵҲĺϣȸܹҲΪҰˡ
ġԪϸµָ̫ƽü䡣
̫ƽӯӯˮģôңʲôʱ
ղײգҽҪԪ̾˿˵ѾھΪǧбҪʱǲ
ǧ̫ƽһ硣֪ϲûиκαȨǧأ
ǧ㣬ǱúáԪѳı̫ƽ
ȻֻǸƣȥ⻬͸ֱ
á̫ƽӹָ£ס磬ȻҪߡɣ
̫ƽ͵Ҫˡ©㡢ҡȸáԪĿ̫ƽ
̫ƽʵһģ˵ģ¡
áһ֣ȥӣĿĽһ
ڣ˱һ
ȻǧʱȴһԲ
ڣԪˡ
̫ƽ£ŹһƬƬƮڿУө⡣
ĪѹΪ˸õžۣǹū澵ġĺ߹ο
̫ƽȴĬȻһ˺ſ衣
Ϊ˲˷֣ԪΣǴؤؤ뿪ġ
ǣۼܰˣΪܰôƽգ߷ðա
ô㣿ܰץסǸͿԪ˵


722 ؤ

ʱ⣬Ʋݵء
ԪеûްһãŶң治֪ܰôһ۾ͰԪϳģ
ǣܰȷŵĿ⣬ԪҲţ
Ż塭Ԫסˣ˵
ȥǱߣл㡣ܰԪߡ
ģٻ
ͤͣżֻСߴߴڵҳԵġơ͸һʯϷһɰƢĲ硣
ŻʹˣԪ˶
ðءɼոòá
ܰЦھӪסÿ죬ȥ￴ǣϣס
ΪʲôΪʲô;ӪסȴסôªĵطԪһĪǣǻϵİּ⣿
Ȼǣ֣ؤȿֺ뿪ǡҲ֪ΪʲôֻǾú֣Ծʱ򿴿ܰЦ
ؤֵþŻʦ𣿡ԪЦ
Ȼס㡣ǵģΪؤһɣŷʵؤ˷ˡܰĿϬ֪ŷʵؤĻܼҡ
Ԫһʲôʱ£
ܾþˣֻҷˡܰЦ˶˵ŷҲƴֻ֣ǣҶֻŷһտǣû˿֡ʵŷҵİ־ؤҲˣŷؤæû˻ɵؤȥ
ˣôŷⲽ塣µҪ֪û˸ҺĴзŷǿ󣬳ûؤؤｻܶĵλȻҲûˣʸȡŷסŷ׾˳ӴؤԪؤģû˿ϣӲȥؤǣСؤؤǱ鲼ĺȻ΢ǻٳɶ࣬˭ܶؤնɱһɺܴ
ҲġҲűҪ΢˽ãŷ׺ؤ֮ϵ֤ݣýϣҪ֪ŷ˽ؤĻԻϿǲģϱ˺ؤܰԪļ˵ʱ򡣻ϳȥŷףѾʧȥ˻ϵΣϵʱ򣬾ֻܰѽɽˡ
Ż壬ԭһУȻΪңԪ۾ʪˣʵ֪֪¾ӪһϷˣ²㣬Ҳ㲻ġ
ΪһӣȴòʵͣǶǰ;Ը˶Ǽ䲻¡
ģ̫ƽʱڣӪҲˡᷢʲôңҪǰϳŷӡȻ˵ǰ︸ʳʵǰ㿵Һ֣ΪʲôҪģӾǳأҪʲô
ʵεȷкҪҪŻΪǾʲô£ʱܹ߾Ż壬ΪҲǣٶˣ綫·ֻϣһȥеԪ̾˿˵ΪȨѾɱ˺ܶˣʵ̫࣬ҲΪڶĻϡ
ǶԵġϣһһϸʾǴյĸܸܰˣ㲻Ըң£ᱻؤð
Ż壬⻰Ӻ˵أԪһ
ģŷ׿ؤ㣬ȻһؤӣϿȥûɣʵѾ˶ˡй¶١ܰѵ
˵Ķԣ˵ҾӦؤˡԪȻ򡣡лŻѡ
ܰ̾˿˵ء
ټԪ·ʣɹӸӡˡ
ϾʹԪòǰȥϢ
Ϣŷ׵Ķ
ŷ˵סǲԪĹƣʵ˸ûߣֻǵġûϮǡ
βؤᵽһԪ뿪˾ǣԣҾԪ뿪ˡŷҡҡͷ
ǸףҵԪûУȻؤӵڶ࣬ҪҵԪҲѣֻǣҪȷԪٲʱ䣬ڴΧäĿҡŷЦײ˵֮ǰѾҵԪ𣿡
˵Ҳ֣Ԫ֮ǰؤĴǣͲˣҲ֪ʲô¡ŷ̾˿˵һԪѾоҸؤ֮ĹϵӶؤĴˡ


723 ߹ؿջ

ŷһڵ׺£Ųɫ¡ɫĿӣЦôܵأףԪôԪôҲ뵽Ǹؤ֮Ĺϵ£ԪǾԼһģ·̫ˣԾͻ˹ʵ·ֻҪȥҹ·Ӿͺˡ
·ףŹʵĹӾͱȽѡĹӸʵ̫ˡŷ̾˿˵
˵𣿸ףûʲôѵõؤô࣬ÿȥһʵĹӶҵõһԪʲôҵŷ˵ʡ
áҾȥҰɡһΣԪиЭҪȻôô˳ʧҵŷЦҵˣҲÿȻԡ
ף⻹˵𣿱Ԫһ̫ƽˡŷЦ̫ƽС꣬ԡ
ǡŷЦһֱ˸̫ƽλ治̫ƽɵġ
ŶȻ˰Ԫԣ˭أҲҵ˰֮ǰҵѾǲˡ˭أŷˡ
˼ȻѾ̤һȥԪһ¶ĿģþͿˡŷһЦ
̲һȺСѼںӰϷɢѼʺϢʱ¸µ
ջϰһϺɫĶԽ£״ɫĵУϹһʯϴһſڣбһ˫۾Ԫ˽
Ǿ߹غܽһҿջÿĿ࣬ɳʱһ˶ûУɳʱ򣬿ֻһܶࡣ
סĶĿ̣һסǺü죬߹طɳǱȽ϶ࡣʳ٣ļ۸Ҳܹ󣬻һһû
ʱԪҲע⵽÷׿ԽĿջϰˡ
Ȼһ·񱼣С·ɽ·ٶȺܿ죬ǿ쵽߹صʱԪҲȷѾ۵÷糾ͣϥǷˡ
ԪǼҵһջܹȵסϢաǰ·
֮ǰߵ·ľԾҲȱԵģǽȥǰ·ɳʮﶼҲһңҪҵסĵطˣԪϢãʳߡ
ֻǣԪԼ쵽ҿջЩͬѰɭϢ
ƹģҪһϷԪӣ۽ȴɨҿջ
ջСࡣҲֻһкüʦ˵ѪӰ
͹٣ҪȥأȻ۾µشԪĿ㲻⸽ˡ
Ԫ˵ѵջģҪȥ͹ٵĻ𣿡
ҲҪҸȤŶԣͱȷ˵͹㣬ӢЩģȻҪúôҪ֪һûгɼء˵ţʹսѸ첲Ԫߴ˹ȥ
Ԫƿˣ˵벻ջҲͬʱֻϧңһǲҪԵġ
Ŷô͹٣ҪʲôأҪѩ⣬Ҫȶ˵ĺ⣬ǣԽԽζĸأһЦȻ˵ĺ꾫һԪ󣬶ԪĲӺ洵
ϢԪĺ󾱲ϣȴֻãȻŷ㣬Ԫûһúšһơ
ײϣ˵ǲϧ񡣡
ֻǲöϧҲδ޵ģ㶮ءԪ
ޣǵʲôŮӲأΪģۡŤ֫վ۰
Ҳ̫߹ԼˡԪ˵סջҪҪ׬Ǯ
ɡ֣Ť֫˹΢ֵӣп˹̨ϣķܹҪϷ͹٣㸶ȻװףҲΪķ̫ˡ
Ѽ۸񱨸ҡҸҲסˡԪƶ΢Ц
˴ݲȣǲסããɳסأһ
ˡԪЦǲôķס
һǧסһ졣Ц
쿪ۣ֪߹۵͡ջô󡣡ԪЦҸ𣬶ǣҲԸⱻס
ŶѡǡĻû˵ꡣԪѾ˳ȥ
æ׷˳ȥ
ԪȴȻˡ
˵ٶôô죿ּˡ


724 ߹ؼϸ

Ԫȥأ
ԭԪﶼûȥǷˣȻǮסͲǮ£
Ԫɲţһջȥʱ򣬻סļϷļ䣿
Ȼ˰죬ûҵԪ
ȻԪǳ棬ҲҲûа취ˡ
ҹ١ĮԵرԲϺͭһƽƵġ
Ԫɽջ
ȻƹôԵôͳԸͣסһҹϢˣһ¡
ûãԪҵһķ䣬źã˯Ȼ˽Ų
Ԫæˡ
ĽŲͣһͣƺʧˣԪû˯ţֻǱĿ
һʱԪ;úˡ
ϾԪڴĮ˺ܾãҵҿջ
ﲻ˯ȴǳʵġ
ʱѾ
Ϊÿ䶼˲ͬϡ
Ѳߵʱ򣬽쵽ˣ䷿ζ˵ĺζ
ĲǣζȴǺ͹һ
ˣ֪ܿⷿס
Ϊڷɳڼ䣬ܶĿ̣ûй˺٣ջмˣֱסļ䣬Ƿǳġ
뵽˭˻ȥȡ˻ҩľ
ŵķ϶ܷŽȥһ
ʱ˻Եҩͱ壬˷
ԪѾǳˣǣϾǴһ߾ˡ
ж壬ԪʱԪֻûһ飬
ɽҩҲǿЦĶԪģı߹ҩ
ԪȻѾȥˣǴԿʼ
ΣԪҲ׼ġ
̫ƽΪԪ׼һֵֿԵҩ裬ԪͷͳŽ
ֻһţԪͽģûˡ
ǣ֪
˲ˣŽ
ƿʣŵ̨ŴգʱͷֵЦˡԭ㣬ԭˣô㶼Ҳأ
񿴵Ԫ۾ƶԪᷴЦҪȥǶȽϺõģҩ˵۾ˣѲˣ㾹Ȼ۾
ǣԪȻסĺѽ˴ϣԪŭĿӡҪңŶûУ
㴭ˡ
Ԫ΢΢֣Цˣ㾹ȻûлԣΪʲô
ħһߵһɣ㾹ȻףԪЦҷȰ㣬⣬Ҫʲô
ȻԪĸ첲ϣ£ϣ͹٣
ԪһѰѽ˳ȥҪҵĴ
ڵأʹŭûˣҶ񣡡
Ԫ˵ֻסջȴǧټɧң˭ûе
ҵĿջ˵ǮǶǮס˫ֲվǡһʹ˵ϡ
ֻҪڴ⣬ʲô⣬㶼شĹ涨ջļ۸񣬲˵㣬Ϲ涨۸¸ô󡣡ԪЦ㲻ҪãҲǺģٸʱԲĿջ
˶ͷҧסͷЦܶԴĹ涨ô˽⡣ûпˣȻǴˡ
ԪЦûпҪڹȥҪġ
˵ĿҾá㲻ǴˣһǷǳĴˡվˣҾȫĻһ԰ҴзϡӦ˵Ǵ
֪ͺáԪ˸ǷȥҾסˣֻסһһḶˣֻմ涨ļ۸ȥ֧ҶȻߣҪˡ
İɣˡ书ǿҲǸϲߵģ˵ôøأ˼Ц¶Եǧᣬһġ
Ԫ˵ǻҽСҴȡ
Ҳҡ˳ȥ
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ھǣǻᱻġ
ڶ죬Ԫ˾ˣҹȷٲҹˡ
ȴԪӡ̣ڿջǰʯͷϣԪԶȥıӰƻĺ۾
С˳Խ˵ˣ˵᲻ᣬŷҪҵģԪ


725 

ЦԪòҲ֪
Сһŷ˷ԸǣԪסһҪԪǣȴûԪˡŷ˻᲻
ҡҡͷȻˡŷǺԪģȻ֪Ԫʲô¡ŷ˶ηԪҶԪǺŷ˵Ȼô
С̾˿Ԫ磬ȷԶԸǾԪ𣿡
ԪôֻؾʱŻ߹߹ؾΪʲôأ˫ԼСɵ°ͣ˼һ̫Թ߹أɼһǷǳҪ顣
ǡԪ鲻ƶˣҲⶼġСҲˣ˽ôˣ֪ԼλʲôãҲǴһӢˣ̾Ϳʼˡ
ԪģȻóѣʱ䣬ȥԪǸʲôŷǱߣһɸ봫Ԫ߹ˡˣһҪԪĻ񻭳һĻȥŷȷһ£˾ǲԪüɫ˵š
ԼãСѾˣΪԪ仯˺ܶࡣȻ˸߲ҡ
ŮġС߱̾
ãԪ֪ѾƵ˱߹ء
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ҹԽԽ֪䡣ϵɳӸһ¶ˮ
ܿ죬¶ˮʧˣɳӱɫ
Ϊ¶ˮżܿһЩͰӲð档
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УԪΣҲһֻԪΪĬѻ
ûֻѻ·Ԫ²ô߹ءҲû·
ڣֻѻҲò鷳ԺĴϣԼԼһѡ
Ԫûв
óʳҲָѻһݡ
߹صҹ̫䣬ԪкѻԪһ˯
ȻѻԪ̫ƽǼ縺űԼͱ̫ƽ񣬵Ԫ

̫ƽһͷ㷢ķ٣һ֧ɫʯʷС졣
գСã̫ƽȻ᲻Ӵ
ԭ·ߣлҡ
СһԣǣҲҵ֪Ȼˣ󽫾Ѿˣɶв벻˼巴ԣдԼס
ҵΪҷԣǣţ»С㣬ɾͲһˡ


726 иˮ

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ˣСϣ̫ƽУϾк̫ƽȥĹϵá
̫ƽͬˡ
б˻
Уȥˣ뿪Ҳ˵һƾ֮Ĺϵһ᲻𣿡̫ƽ̾˿˵
ġ
ôࡣжδʧȥϣ
ҪС̫ƽˣʵǹ۵ģסˡúӣһжġ
ǣлǲ˵
̫ƽѾǸ˷䣬ԴöȣС׼
Ӿ߹˵̣̣ˣ书
лǲ˵
̫ƽ˵ӾҪһ
Ǻðɡȥ̣ˣҿϲ̵ģ̡ǧҪŶӾ˵ˡ
̫ƽн˷Ϣ
̫ˣкܿ˯ˡ
̫ƽ˯ˣ뿪
СôԽԽ֡
·Ҳ۵ûš
̫ƽ˳ֻһЩԵġ
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ӰҶ̥𣿡ʱСĵȻǺӡ
չȥܻһЩӰ졣̫ƽ˶˵
УҲúӳκ⡣СͻȻץס̫ƽ֡
Ρ㶼Ҫ취κⲡ
С϶ǳ
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İɣֻһܳ⡣ҿ԰㴦õġ̫ƽЦ˵ɡ
иˮףҪˮҪ
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Щģǲҩ̫ˡ˺ܶࡣڴϣС춼ں˼롣ɵĺӣһҪú
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Щǹˣٷչȥ϶Ѫġ
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С̫֮ƽжСѪı֣ͬʱΪУ̥Ҳ˾
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ۣ˯Сĳһ
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̫ƽĵ£СɫԽԽãϵˮҲ˺ܶࡣ
СĶҲԽԽ
̫ƽĵ֮СɫǳĺãֽϵƤҲԽԽ𪣬Ȼ֮ǰԵʡ
һգ̫ƽִһЩҩС㡣
Щҩ̫ƽģҪһЩ̥̥Ͱġ
ˣǳлСס̫ƽ֣ԺúӸϸ裬һҪӦ
⣬²̫ðɣ̫ƽЩԥҡҡͷ
УӦСĺܣ޲õ̫ƽסӵ֡
˵ɡ̫ƽָС˴˼֮Ҫ뿪
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ԭСղСģԼĽŸŤˡ
ò׿߼Сȴòɻȥ
Ϊܶ˹ǿƵҩǻѪģСԣǽҩƷ
̫ƽ֪һҲΣյ顣
СһֱڴϲжȫѪѭͻܴܵӰ졣ĽڶӤҲʮֵĲ


727 ܼԿ

ҾӦö´ߣš̫ƽ˵ʱŻ˳Ͼ㺢·ݲСˣܿҪˡ
ǣ˵ҪҾšСƺйǡ
Ļһԡ̫ƽɫ
ܸˣֻҪţͻЦС¶΢Ц
̫ƽҡҡͷУҵġվ·ҪȻ̥ʱΣա
ʲôΣأ֣ſҡСܾˡ
Ѳġ̫ƽ˵
㲻ҪŻˡСЦ
ôЦóû飬Ȼ֪Ѳжô£̫ƽˡ
ܡ˵ˣҵһ̥ôȶڴ϶ϢġҪȻˮС̫ƽһۣô˵һ㲻Ҳûӵľ𣿿ǣ˵
ûмҲʲôİɡ̫ƽСʵǣ̫ˡ
ҷҲģ˭ģɲẦҵģ˵ҾԲµ߶ҾͲµ߶ֻҪľͺáС۾㽵ضǰ顣
Ҳû̫ƽε˵
ôܱɣɲϲأСҡҡͷĿ˼ᶨ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ҳû취ˡ
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㶮ҽҳϡ㲢ûӣİɣһʺܶŵġСǿѹŭ˵
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ˡҵȻˡǣȴ
㲻ˣôˣС죬ǵĺӵĵϲء
ȻǣҵȻϲҲҵĺӣֻеѹǵĺӻÿ࣬û˽Ϊӵĵ̫΢û˿𡣡ǳˡ
ôأĺӡҲҵĺӰ̫ˣڣ˭ҿǵĺӲһҪġС˵꣬ڲϣ˸ɱơ
ˡЦ
Ȼһ㡣òãЦҿС
˸ЦԣЦǼװġ
ЦһЦأС۵üëҲϣüë
ҪѹܼԿ׽ң̾˿˵֪ģʲôȨûУܼҶңԿ׽ңҵľôȨ˭ҿأ
Сһֵؿ
㲻ԸĻҲǿġ̾˿˵֪ʵ㣬ҲǷǳҡ
ǵģҲ˼ֻõԿ֮ΪŻû㣬˺ٰ֮Կ׽㣬ȻԺҵˣǸ𣿡СȻǴΪ롣
ǣҲ֪Ǹǳзյ飬˵ϴССҲƿأɹܼܼҸͿңҴҲʵǲܣһסׯȥءΪ˵õܼԿףܹݡ
˭ҿ㣿ȥ˵ˡСɫһ
Щūǣǰ˺ӡǰȻǷҵģһ߾¶βˡ̯̯ε˵


728 ߹ɣ

ġСЦڣĸҶ񣿡
ǣǵȷѾˡ˵磬ȥׯסȰɡ
ôأһû㶼У˵ˣչأô뿪أСЦ
ôѾչ㣬㲻ҪˡЦ
˵ġٺãֲҷҪİοòãС졣
Ҳ۹ѽԶСˣˣܸɴ࣬Ҳܾ
ǺðɡҴӦˣҰѹܼԿ׽òãСЭˡ
𣿡Цˡ
˵ġС㲻ˡ
ҲǸˣֻǾÿ԰ĵ߷ˣӷ̵÷ģֶӡĵ˵
ΪʲôһҪǶأǸŮͲϲ𣿡Сһ
ŮһһƯҵȻҲϲġֱ˵СĻŭš
ûãСͱȹܼңѹܼԿ׶
ܼﲻȥ
û취ַǳУʹ¸̫ƽ̫ƽʲô취ûУ

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ǡӾôСôϰһ
ӦôСʱʼѵ㲻Ӿʦ𣿡̫ƽЦ
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ͬʱΪ߹ԭɣҶժ֮󣬺ܿͻᷢɣĲóԡ
Сģģҿͨ˹ʱϱṩʵɣҶǴĲϱʼֳ˹϶ǲеģ
һʼȸȫսϵϷʽֲʵ֮ȸ󵨾òϱֱɣҶϡ
˵ɾ͸ɣȸʿǽݽ˸죬ɣ֦Ųڡ
ʱھԵ÷ǳӵˡ
ΪÿֻϱԳԵʵɣҶȸʮֻϱڲͬɣ֦ϡ
һ֮ڶʱԵȻжŵǹϢ
Ԫ˵ȸӺڱ߹صĹͣǳġ
ҵҢ
̫£ôˣѵǲҪҢһ
ԪЦŰڰ֣ɲҪ˵ô磬ҿϣ㱣ܣٸӺһϲء
ҢЦá
ʱɺƤӶҧ֮󣬺ܿͷ죬һĸˣֱӷŧ
Ǳʲôҧˣǵ𣿡ȸ֮üͷ
ƺҲ鷢չĺܿ죬ܼʱƣܻܿᲡѪ֣ʱ鷳ˡ
Ҳǲˡɺɥ


729 ž

ʱɺΪӣһģȴô鷳
ȸ˼Ƭ֮󣬱ȸ˿ŧų
ЩʹġҪһ̡
˵ţȸɺŧ㡣
ʱȳζĻɫҺ˳
ΪѾЩˣȸץһȥҩĨ˿ϡ
β֮һֱȲҩٱɫΪֹ
ԭͿˣûáɺʼˣȸָɺ˽µķӡ
ѪⶾģаζġаС
ڴʱɺĲܿ͵õ˿ơ
ڰȸҪ󣬷һ֮ɺ˲١
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ȸüë˵ֻһҽȴһҽȻǲܱȵġǿϧҽٺãҲѾˡ
ɺҲ˸Ǹףĸ׻ھǰ
ɺʵǳؾǡ
ȸε˵ôûȥĸɰãǻȥƽ
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Ůӣоɥǡڹ棬ʫȴǳɼ㣬ҲѹֻϻϲȸѾʫѻıԣֻǿϧΪʱ֪ģһǣʡǼˣ
ʱʿ˵Ӻм£ҪȸɺϹȥ
ǹȥʱӺЦǽܡλ̫ԪλȸĶɺ
ȸȥȻһӢ˲꣬һ˫Ŀµȡ
Ԫȥһǻ۵ӡ۾¶żᶨ
ȻͲСˣǺͷĺ룬ûһ˿ƣȥôɼȸʱһǸӣ෴վȸϵĶɺȻᣬΪ̫ɹñȽϺڣֹ͸Ŵȸô棬ûȸô
ԭԪ֮еĳʤȸԭ
ȸһԽԽˣѣ˻ڽĹġ
ԪȻӶˣ콫ġ
һ仰˲ɣ
ȸʵĩţܵǰ̫˺ȴΪֻʵĩ㣬̫¶
콫ʲôϵҸмܹܽʵƽ֮⡣ԪҲˣסȸ֡
Ŀԣ˶ܼ
¡ӺŴˣôˣһҪһ١ˣҢأ
Ң˵ԼЩͼ̫ˣͲˡɺЦ
УʿͻʳӺЦ


730 ŤתΣ

̫ƽһźɫľϣǰΧϣŰɹ꺮ѡ
СŵĲϣĥӡЩͼ
̵ۣʱİǽǣźɫϸǡ
С㣬̫ˣڴСǼǲأĺɹʵ
ŷѩ̫ƽһģ˸ﲻأ
ū澻ǿ̫һ̫ȴ̫ͬϷҪƼӺˣūܡĺߵ˵
̫ƽ΢΢һЦˡͷɡ
ŷѩȻڴˣһ̻··һƬͼֺʯͷ
̫ƽҲˣһɫ£һƬʵĻͼڴһȦơµţ߹Ů
μ̫̫ƽȴŷѩס
£ãþò㵹ǱȹȥЩʲô𣿡ŷѩ̫ƽЦ
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Ҳǡչŷ룬Ҫҽһͬȥ÷𣿡ŷѩ˸߳ԱЦ
㵭ζƮ㡣ϰЩ㣬͸ŵζ
㰡̫ƽһھʹӦ
ĺһ߶ˣСôôʹӦˣʹ뻢Ѩúû˿䣬ûԼҡ
̫ƽֻ֪̫ƽʹҲԭġ
ŷŷѩĽ㡣ʲô̫ƽô֪أ
ʹ󡣿͸һɵζСС÷׺֦ͷһƬԵúۣ
žӣŷĲ⡣
֪ʲôʱʼŷ۽Եβơ
˵Ц˲βƣŷԼЦҲҪβơ
϶ܾûйˡ
ŷʳָ۽ǣŬβƸĨƽһ֣βƾ̵ּ
̫ƽûʲôö԰βƸȥŷʵ
ԭ̫ƽѾŷѩ쵽˻ʹ
򵥣㿴ϳʲôѧͿˡ̫ƽ˵
ŷȻ̫ƽ˵ĺ
ȻͱȽϴ󣬵ȴϡ
ÿճԵĶô࣬β֪ĸǿݵģ
ŷѩЦʵ
Ͼʫ춼ռŻϰ
ŷ˼ǣϿһ𣿡
ŷѩŷǴ⣬ʱ׹Լ֮ðŷ
ŷֻǱϣʫơʵڰϾء
ǵġŷѩסˣû뵽ŷ¡
̫ƽЦǸջϵġȻ±ȽϾͨȥʵȷǿԵġ
̫ƽ˵ĻŷСͱŷ׽ûʲô̫ĻŮӣ̫ƽôһ˵ŷ͸ˡ
ŷѩ̫ƽһۣȷۿڲţŷѩȷҪ̫ƽѧϰŶԡ
ǺãȥʵΪζˣֵܱôŷһЦʫ䣬ŷճְ
̫ƽˣŷѩȴûп
ŷѩ̫ƽɲΪŷ̫ƽġ
˵ǡ̫ƽݲȵ˵
Ȼ˿ʼϷȲ衣
ڼ䣬ŷ̫ƽ̸Ц
ŷѩ˵Ƕʼɡ
̫ƽЦʱˣˡ
ŷЦ̫ƽžǸˡ̫ƽʹϰɡ
Ȼл̫ƽӹȻľԼϡ
ŷѩӦ͵ÿͺ̫ƽһ
̫ƽϲͺáŷؿ̫ƽ
̫ƽˡ
ŷѩ˵㣬ǲ˵õ̫ƽȵĲ¶ҩ̫ƽ
ҩ̫ƽ̫ͣƽ¶Ӳ˹ϵΪڿ㿴̫ƽˬǱ̫ƽˬŷ˵ñҲҪ취
ǣ֮ǰǽҲ˵ϲ̫ƽ𣿡ŷѩˣ㲻Ҫˣȥ̫ƽҲǵǵġ
ĵʫ˵̫ƽʫ͡ⲻȥ̫ƽ̫ƽϣȳʫŷŵ˵
ʫ׶Ը̫ƽȴѣӦúȰ̫ƽȥŷѩεЦ
ҪôҪ̡ҲӦñҩŷ˵
Ϊ˳ȥ̫ƽһ£ʱ򣬵Ϊ˵ġŷѩȰ


731 Ѫ

㡣ŷǳͿ͡
̫ƽˡ
ĺ˵һ̫ͲǺˣ̫ʲôأΪβʲô
˭˵̫ûжʲô̫ҲҪͬѽ̫ƽ
˼˵ﲻͬ⣿ĺһ
̫ƽЦ
߹أ̷ϡϡʱһ춼ûһˣÿˣһ飬ˡʮˡ
Ϊر߹صĵĴ󳼣ӺȴܽӵÿЩ̷ʱ򡣶Թȥ
ڱ߹صİպͽʿǶԣЩ̷Լʳĸ
浽ʹףϵЬӣ߹ذյȫЩ̷
Ӻ£Щ̷Ҳۡ
ǸĵÿʱЩ̷ܾͱ˰·
һΣɳʯǷ׷׶ĸ۾
һ̶׼ǣŪĴ粽С
֪ϢӺԴӣǰȥ
ԶԶģӺ̶Ӷյ£ȥʳˮ
ΪɳܴóȻԮ˶Σ
ӺʿǽΧ̶ӵܣٷɳ̶ӵӰ졣
Ǳ߹صһ󱦱ֻһֻ֪ã˶ջиҪãǾǰæڵɳ
ɳϮʱվͿһǽһǡ
˺þãյķɳɢ¶ɫ
лл̫ллǣ̷ӳĹΪͷ
Ӻæס̷֣лӦġ
ΪϵգӺڱ߹صĿڱܺá
ÿӺѲʱ˻Ͷ
Ӻն
һΣӺѲʱ򡣺ȻһŮӡ
󵨣˺󣡡
һԵϵӺǰ
Ӻȴ˿ûнţЦʵôˣҪʲô𣿡
˺ƴĵͷ㵸ģȴֻܷ
ԭ˺Ǹư͡
˶˺ûãӺȴһ۾Ϳ˺Ǹ˲š
ǾӪɡӺԵ˵
ưʹڴڵĳԷһ롣
ЩϾ߹صʶȱġ
ܿ죬ҾӺ۹⡣
ưһ˿Ը˵Ļɴࡣ
ư͸мӺ֪֮ʮΪѵõǣưЧҲܸߡ
Ӻʼǳưʣʲô֣
ưҡҡͷ
ϴ֮ưͣ㣬¸ɴ䣬Ӻ뵽֮ǰ̫ƽҪ֪֮ǰ̫ƽҲ˵ư͡
ʱӺưͲһ׽У˵ҴһְɣԺ־ͽƽϲ𣿡
ư͸˵ص˵ͷ
ôƽֻдҽ㡣Ӻ̾˿˵
ưͺߵشսӺĻ
ǣӺְֵؽ̡ư͵дˡƽ֣ưҲѧдǳˡ
ģϲԣֻѼˮϷ
оôһݡ̥ҩ
ȻⲢİ̥ҩ
л๫С㿪ĵ˫ȥӹ
Ȼ̫ƽѹС㣬ǱϿȥôӡ
Сһֱ˵ԼԼеʱͰ̥ҩģ²ûж˿
ܿСǷȫ̥ҩȥˣÿһζԼලʱιСҩ
Ȼҩܿ࣬Сÿһζȵĺܿġ
ֻС㲻֪ⰲ̥ҩӦôģ֮ԻζΪҩﶯֽţЩຮĳɷ֡
иɻľǿຮ֮ӰﺢӵĴ֮塣
ԣֻԼһαװΪ׸ŮҪĲǸӡ
С㲻ΪѲȥӹеĲҵʱ򣬲ˡ
ϲеС㣬ҲʼѧŸ·ȻЩͲȱС㻹ŸҪĺ㶫
˼գСĶ˶Ϊ˱֤ȫҲİѼḻĽŸ뵽ˡ
һ׼С˽°Ѻӵֶȡˡ
ҹСȥʱͻȻԼѪˡ
Ҫˣ
ҹʱˡµ˶ˡ
Ǻܿ죬С㾪ϲ˵һƳգһƬʺȾʪ˴СѪˡ
ǻġ
ʱѾǶˡС㽻øϵĹܼҽȥֻԼķ
һѾ߼Ҵҵܳ棬иѾֱܵ˶ȥ̫ƽ


732 Ӧ

ܲȻһϮҹ˺
˵СѲ̫ƽһʱ˹ȥ
ڣСѪֽϢ΢
̫ƽСܵǰסС֣С㡣ô
ӦңһҪѺסСþһû˵ꡣͻ˹ȥ
С˫۾ƽʱôϬʱȴ˾
̫ƽ֪ӶСҪԣϿʼȡ
ĺɺĽһҪĶ׼׵
̫ƽӣСĶƤ
⺢Ӷһ̣һ̵ķա
̫ƽҪѺӴСĶŪ̫ƽҪס˺С
ڽСпͬʱ̫ƽС㲹˶
ǴԪģֹѪЧҲǺܲ
ǵ̫ƽС¶֮Сȴû̫ĸơ
̫ƽüͷһ壬ܲ
ΪȺҪ̫ƽûԥпСĶӡ
ĺһ׼Ӥ٣СûˮĺɻǰطŪʵˮ
׼ˣҪʼˡ̫ƽһ˵
ǣȻ˽̫ƽҪıɱΪʲôҪɱҵӣ
ֹӣ˭ɱС㣬Լ̫ƽ˵
ԣҲٶӣôԸĶأŶˡ
̫ƽƿСĶٲӶû֪ӶСжôҪòҪСҪ
ʱƺͣˡ
̾˿ȷҲҪӡ
ӵӣҲ˵λ
֮ǰСѪҩֻΪ˺С㡣֪СôӶ
СھˣܺҲȲɰġ
ҲҲֻҽ̫߳ƽܾСˣţĬĬ˿ˡ
ûӣû̫ƽʵҲŵġ
ɹ̫ƽһٳʧˡǽٲ
ĺȷϹ̫֮ƽ˿ûСĶʱһƬʺӿ˲ֱӡ
̫ƽĶǳСģΪһСġܾͻӤŪˡ
ĺɶȴܿ죬ϵĽСϵѪ
⣬ѶѾµˮйͨ
ۡһ죬˶ǰһ
ӾȻˡ
һš
ӵĿϳȥѺӱգûж
кŮ
ţЩŵʵ
ԣӡԼƻɹĹؼ
̫ƽʱؿһġ
һ̫֮ƽȷϺӻûʲô⡣
ű㿪ʼȫС㡣
һƺûʲôЧ̫ƽһʮȫͲ
ΪСѾԼ죬̫ƽԽҩιС
ܼˣĺɰ龭˹ܼҡ
Ѿ֤ܼҲ̫ƽ
أءһԿ޵ġ
ΪԭС㲻ܸιĸ顣ĺɱ㽫׼õıĸӵݹȥ
ϣӾͲˡ
̫ƽҲܸõļо
Ϊ²ѪģԣСγѪѾسˡ
̫ƽȡ룬Ѫк͹Ԫٽ룬̲ѪΪ˼ǿЧ̫ƽ˰ģӶһɰζ
ڣС˹ס̫ƽ֣̫ƽҪ׷ҵ𣿡
̫ƽһԲȻҽٸߣҲûа취סȥ컨ңǲȵģ
Сţһ˵ĺܿģ֮ϣԭ
ԭһ֪ں㡭ΪʲôҪŹˣ̫ƽʧûм𣿡
ҰС˵仰Ͷ
㣡㣡̫ƽȻû뵽һ߰ԸܸɵŮӣɢˡ
˽ӻţȻһ
̫ƽ˵СˣԸ˰ɣ
۾˲¶˾ϲסˣ˵ʲôôģôģ
˺컨̫ƽЦϧСǰҽҷ¡ǣ˼ң⣬ʵڲұ⡣
סС֣Цôأ̫ƽ
˵ְġ
̫ƽ˸䣬Цô
ĺýСŹңҪҷңѿѺ͵ٸСῪ𣿡Ц
̫ƽ˵һһӦõġ


733 

ô˵һҪˣһҪȥҷˣ
ôһҪȥҷ㣬ǲҪɱɱڣ̫ƽЦ
ĺϰνɱڣҲҪûʸڣ˭ҶС㣿ҼС㲻ҷ㣬ҲҪҷ㡣
ЦȻǲҡ֪ܴƽְľС
ȻȻᵽְġ̫ƽһ˵Īǣʶְ𣿡
ʶصͷʶְĵĻһΪԩ
Ϊʲôְʲô֪̫ƽĿϬ̫ƽͻְˡ
ֻ֪ҷְĵ㣬֪¡̫ܿƽĿ⡣
Ϊʲô¹ڻأ㾿ְĵʲôˣֻǣְģ̫ƽͱˡ
ȴ侲̫ƽ˵ЦˡЦְѾˣ㿴ˣҲʲôְģҲҲְˡΪְĲǱն𣿡
һ㶺̫ƽЦˡ
̫ƽ֣ô౯˵飬ôһ˵˵Ĭ̵ζ
ȷ³һ˵κһŮӿ᲻ԾİԼͶȥˣ̫ƽ
ְĻûأ̫ƽ̽˵
Ҳҵ£ȻҲ֣һˡЦܹƺְ˷ǳȤѵְģ̫ƽ̹𣿡
ˡ㳤øְļһģһϲˣòʲô룬κһְĵˣڼʱ򣬶Ϊְġ̫ƽĿƣϬǡ
ĿϣڽڰˣҶӡ
ϣΪ֮С£ʱҷϾС㺢ӵףΪӣҷһ̫ƽ˵ˡ
ϡޣ㲻Ҫ߰
ҵǣ½½ˡ
СϼĹǣںȻˣҶʱڵȷһƬҡ
СǰǰѹܼҵԿ׽Լķ
ϾҲ˺ӣȻҲͲᶯȻ˻ɹȴҲû֤ݡ
Ѫ˲˼ҽ̫ƽûɣǾ͸ӲһˡǻˣҲ˵ʲô
ϻЩģ֮ܶǰС˿ʼŶȨˡ
ҲФС֮ͽܿó˹ܼҵÿ˵㣬ơڶ̶̵ʱڣշˡ
С㣬Ϊ˻̵ʵʿˡ
߹ء
Ԫס˼󣬾ʹߴȸ춯ȥǡ
֪ϽԸ۱ˣѾھﲼһУֻ콫ȥ콫һֱȥҢΣ׻ᱻ֡ǸӲ롣Ԫ̾˿˵
Ӻ˵Ҿÿ˵е콫̫һΰɡΪ˴֡
ȸ̾˿˵ҲȥˡҵĶӷɺȥɡ
ɺȴ˵ףһ빲ô꣬㲻ȥҲԲȥҪ㡣
ȸˣʶ˵ʲô㻹ᣬôأˣ㻹Ҫȥչĸء
Ǹסɺһ˵ĸףԥˡ
ԪЦǶҪȥˣ˶Ҫȥ
ȸ̾˿˵̫£ǡ
Ԫóȸɺļ˵ҲӦĺˣһᱣҢҢҲҵĺѡ
Ȼ̫¶ô˵ˣҾ͹ˡȸ̾˿˵
ʵ̫ˣҺǾһȥɡԪЦ
¾ˡ
ϣԪҢһ壬Ң֣վ˲١
ҢЦ̫¹ˡµٺҲȲ̫ѽ
һֻҪܱȵùԼͺˡҾҪˣʣһˣһҪСġԪ̾˿˵һȥɹʵҵĿģһġ
ҪĲͣȻ֪ȻǲٵġǣΪ˱̫µ֪֮Ңϵ˵
֪ҵĺѡԪҢļ˵һµģҡ
ҵȻ̫£ܹҢ۾ÿᵽ̫ƽֳһƳԡ
ȥԪֳԣ߻Դףβˡ
ԪؽѾúܴܴҲᶨ֪̫ƽֻԪһˡ


734 ЦЦλ

áԪҲ̫ƽˡ
˶ʱĿⶼ÷ǳᣬΪǶ뵽ͬһŮӡ
һ˵ĶŮӡ
ǵĻʹ
ҹžԺʯϣһ㾧Ө¶ˮ
ЦЦѾΪӦǣȴûһ˿ЦЦΪ϶ЦЦǰŰ
Χ˶ˣÿλϹЦЦ϶Ҫ
ңЦЦòÿҲΪʫݺЦЦ϶˺ܶරôҲ˲ȥŮƵĺЦЦˡ
Ϊɫһòûˣôǰ;Ҳ͵ΪֹˣԻôܹõ˭أ
죬ЦЦ̾ʱ򣬻ȴȻˡ
ЦЦϻ̳Ͽ񡣻ȥһ˹ȥЦЦһǽǱϣȫۡ
ַˮ֣̰ӾͶסˣ󳼾Ȼûһġ
ԭǳԹЦЦأЦЦڻһʱԹһ´һµġ
ЦЦˡ
ϺʲôޣǻҪһ߹ȥ
ЦЦæס˻ϵĽţ˵ϣ檲Ҫֻ壬óۣɣ檸ͷ
һЦЦȻЦӭҲ˴ˣ˵ͷĲá޾ͿԴ
ЦЦȡ̫ƽ͵ķͣĨϣͷ
ӺãͷƤͷҲˡϴΪ⡣
ЦЦ֪̫ƽ͵ⷢĨܷһַӦͷú㣬ͷƤ󣬵ʵĨԶҩ
ϲʣЦЦҲ塣
ûɣЦЦһͷһ߷ߵ˵
ϣڷ͵ϡȻ˯
޺Ȼú˯ȥ
ǡЦЦȻ벻ⷢ͵ô֪ˣҪ£ĳ̫ٶҲ̫
ЦЦŻϾסЦЦ֣ˣްɡ
ЦЦһ֮ǰȻÿһΣǶЦЦϸЦЦ塣
û뵽̫ƽķ;ȻܴЦЦôôЦЦɵĻŭ
һޣϺ⣬ȻЦЦó˵㣬ȴʸС
һϲɵˣȻЦЦҲͦõģܹûϴȤ
ڶ졣ЦЦ壬Ȼ糯ȥˡ
ЦЦʱɫѾˡ
԰һȺ۷˵ڻﴩ󣬱̵֦Ҫˮˡ
ЦЦΪԼΣȻĸˡ
ʫȴ߹ЦЦˣæӭ˳ȥ
ʫһ˦ЦЦϣôĵӣȻԻû糯ˣ
ЦЦű˵ίһ仰˵ֻһһε
һ滨ĳأҲ֪ѧҲÿ㻹浱ˣһ޾ϲѽʩЧɲáұޡķٸҿһ£ѵʫˣͻ˵ˣҪƷʫĳյġû뵽ȴʧԼˡ
ǻϵһʧԼ˵һΣͻеڶΣʫɲҿ
ϲʧԼΪЦЦ糯ȥˣʫûѽΪϾǶʫҲûӹ
ʫһ򶼱ʹ˳Ϊǻ谮ӣǻΪЦЦȻԲ糯ô谮ĹҪЦЦͷϣʫܲأ
ʫһ׶ʼɵŮˡ
ʫҪԸЦЦЦЦûл֮ģΪƷ׾Ͳһ
ԡЦЦʶһ֮ʾǣҲ֪ʾҪû֪ǣЦЦɤӴ
ϹȻˡʲô˶޽
ʫЦЦ߽
˵ʫʲô
ʫʵ檻Ϊˡ
ʲôģǧ޾Ͳܹ¶մ𣿡ˣ㣬ЦЦŪˡ
ϣҪֽ㣬ûµġЦЦƽ˵
ϿЦЦۣ˵ͷЦЦһ֮˰
ϼЦЦЦЦȻҳϵķ̻ϣϺȻԼСЦЦˣɵöЦЦȤ
ȻЦЦòǻ϶ŮѾϾ⼸ʮôŮϿˣиԵġȤӿɰ


735 ѻ

ʫ뵽ϻЦЦȻʼ֣ǻϵϲʫҷ䣬ҲֻЦӦ˵ЦЦõȷܿɰ檶ϲ
Ȼϲ¸ʲô㿴ЦЦˣǲô˵ЦЦҲ޴Ӧ޵Ůˣ޵Ůˣʹ޵ͬûУϾȻˡһΪЦЦʫ
ʫȻܲˣǣϣסЦЦЦԲ˵˵ĲܵϣòҪҡ
㣬һֱҺܺõģôסһأЦЦл˵ǰʫһֱЦЦģֲǽһΡ
ʫˣЦЦ֮ǰȻαװģ㿴ЦЦڶô˵
ˡЦЦ޷ǳ޾ЦЦΪˡվ޻£ʫȥ鷿۰ɣˣóȥ׼ʳ޻ûԹ緹ء
ЦЦϲл¡ֻţ͹ˣһֱ¯ϣء
ŶȻЦЦģʫͰ޵Ŷ˵鷿ȥɣˮأǳǻ᲻ʲô취ءˣʫȥ㸸׽һˡ
Ǻ²ţ¾뵽ʫĸˡ
ʫһˣϾȻʫšⲻǵʫΪ
ô๬ŮѾ߲ãȴʫԶˣʫ붼
ǻϵʫܲϰʫѾߣʫҲǲƴǡ
ңʫƴǣǲǲԸϷ𣿶ٹﶼԸء
鷿ϿۣԽԽꡣ
ʫæ˱ϵϡʲôûôУӣۡ
Щ̫ˣһ£ôûϰЩ۶˵ϣûһܸϳġ
Ӧÿˣҵƽӣ֪ټ϶·ʫε˵
ʲô·ܰ޽£档ϲ˵
ĪҸȥ𣿡ʫһѹֻż
ô㸸үôˣһ͵ģ䶼˵ۣǸᡣ㲻𣿡ŭ
ʫһ£ϰ檵ĸΪĹûйҲпͣҳҲȻ֪󳼶Գ檵ĸ֮ˣûΪˡǳ檲ãϲҪү
˵㵹һТ˳ˣТ˳ʱõĲãͻƫ˽ȻǵӦ޵ĹΪأƫ̻ң
ʫûаһΪ롣
ʱ̫˵ˡ
ѻˡ
ϣϿżɽѻԴˮ֡ûʲô취
ѻشҲܳʵ˵Լûвûа취ϣˡȫһԹߵӡ
ѹŭЦʵ̫ˣһöûУûа취Ҳа취޾ȥ
ѻŵϥǶˣܣ˼ѽ
Ѿˣܰ޽ĻôͲˣȸɱǿˣ޵ǰˣ۾в
ѻŵù˵ϣʵʱ򣬿ʫڵϣѻˡ
ѻǾҷʲô취ȥֹˮأ
ѻȥִ֣͵ԽԽأʱΪƽϢҵķŭϾֻܰѻնˣ·һѻôҲܴӦ
ǻ˵ˣӦλþͲѻˣѻҪˡֻòȡȨ֮ƣȴӦ
ʫżףѵ𣿡
Ȼ֪ĪŮѻмＸʫء
ѻÿˣʫҲᱻۡ
ܻеİɡѻװһӣȻҪȥҲȥҲеģܵΪϷ
ͺãգ޾Ͷˣȥ׼һɡϸ
ѻˡ
ûãʫҲˣ׷ȥ
ףŮлҪ˵ʫˡ
ѻЦ㲻Ϊżʱס˵ˣȴӦȻҲѽ
ΪǺúŪȻӦˣַڣϻʱܾͲֻøײүôˣܻѸ׵ɴñժȥˡʫɫ
ɣôأѻһͷ
Ȼˣϴĺ֮ˣףҿȻĲУҪв͸Ͻвƴ˰ɡʫһб˵̫ƽȥ֡


736 

ѻϲҵĹŮȷΪʲô벻̫ƽˣ̫ƽǶıҲ֪ģ˵ҹȥˮסʱԽԽˣ˴£Ҳǻϲ뿴ģһ˹ȥ
ʫ˵̫ƽûҲ֪̫ƽȥܳɹĻξ̫ƽˣϣġ
Ͼȥ˵һΡѻһЦ
סȥ˵ԣǲҪ˵Ҹʫĵ˵
İɣô˵֪ġġѻЦˡ
ѻȥвƴǲ˵һ̫ƽ
ûϳ˳˼ѻ˵˺ü鶼ûκηӦ
ȷѻȻӦȥ֣ǡѻز㣬ʧˣҲԹҲԹǻ˲ʧҲǻʼ档
Ҳ֪̫ƽе̫ƽѻһȥ¾ܽˣֻǣѻһ򶼷ǳԴѻΪ̫ƽΪĻҲýǣֱ̫ƽˡ
ĽܺãɣҲȥȻ岻ôãȥЭ̫ƽ˰ɡЦ
ѻһǰʯͷԼĽţѻıɲΪԼ̫ƽĸ֣ϡôܹһëѾͷأҪҲ̫ƽΪ
ղſƼ̫ƽˡ
ȷǳƼǳ˼ǳ岻ѣ̫ƽһȥѻԼԽԽ
̫ƽһȥ㶼ÿԣΪʲôȥ̫ƽͲˣǹҪöԲԣŭ
ѻˣˡôã
Ȼˣ¾ˣϰ䷢ʥּáܼŮ׼׼Ҳ׼󡣡˵꣬ĿϬȥ
ѻ֪ҲûջسĿܣҲֻӲͷƤȥ׼ˡ
ãʥּʹ˶
̫ƽʥּͱϷ˽˹ȥ
㱾һŮӣȴҪеӵ飬ѵûĴ¶ҪһŮȥϷ˷߷߲ƽ˵
Ȼ˵ƥ𣬵ƥ򡣷ָˣֻһŮӣҲйϵģμȻܹѡң֤϶ģôҲΪԼΪһҲΪЩֵİաһõδ̫ƽ۾ϣ
ǣ֪֪ˮ漰ʵ̫࣬һŮӹȥͽ˵ġϷ˺Ȼ˵
Ϊʲôһûȥĸ;ҽأ̫ƽһ
ν˳ɻֻһˣô֪˭ڱأΪֻһô֪˻أϷ̾˿˵
ĸŮ޶ۣʵĸʾ̫ƽüë
ִȥȥ˾֪ˣȻôȥͺúɡϷ̾˿˵
ô˵ĸǴӦˣ̫ƽ
ȻǲӦôס𣿡ϷЦŴ˴̫ƽĶͷ۾˳硣
ĸҪ˵ʱֳɹҲӺ֮գ߹ظʤ̩񰲣ⲻĸ뿴𣿡̫ƽЦЦ绨
ϣ˰ɡ̫ƽҪס˲ɹգ״ݡмǣϷס̫ƽ˵
ĸ̫ƽµص˵ͷ
ˣһԷɡѾóķҲˣ㰮ԵǴŹǣءϷЦ
ۣʵϴĸŴ׼ĺܺóԡ֪ջûлٳһֻ̫ƽε˵
˵Ŵ׼ѽĸأҾ֪Ϸ۾Цˡ
ĸŮá̫ƽЦ
˷Ϸ˺Ȼݣһʹ߽
Ϊۣ˼˵ˮҲ
̫ƽһ˵ӡס
ʹˣǻɶġ
ĸ㲻Ҫ˵ȡ̫ƽŲһŵӣ
ϸ˴ҩҲǲ׼ȷġ
ֻ̫ƽûϷһֱŵĵ
̫ƽһֱѹϷ˵Ļڣۻúܶࡣ
νںϹգΪĴѨҪѨϹֹʹЧǷǳԵġ
Ƭ̫֮ƽʼ
ָ£Ϸ˵ʱʱҲʱʱء
ͬʱϷнͷݡ
̫ƽЩ
УҲУͬʱһϣɲʲôͷ
£Ϸ˸Ҫֹʹ
̫ƽȡһʯۺͲ֬ĥ֮ͿϷ˵
£Ϸ˾;ûôˡ


737 ̰

߹ء
ʵӺ߹أѾܾúܾˡ
ΣԪΪ⼸طرݶԣ
ʱȴ˵ԪѾˡ
Ӻ˵Ԫ£Ҫܣǧ򲻿Ըκˡ
ǡ̾˿˵Դӱݶʧˣڻûҵǣ뿪ѾܾúܾˡѵҪڱ߹ع𣿡
Ӻ̾˿˵ʵҲȥȻȥɣ
Ŀ𣿡ϲˡ
Ӻ˵ͷֻң㣬һҲǻϵı⡣
ǡԥˡ
ǵģˣһڱ߹ôõģǻȸ𣿡Ӻ̾˿˵
ͷҵҲǻġһߵĻ»ϻ
Ӻҡҡͷģϲġ̡߹ĲõģݶıҲѾƽˣڲҵõҲٹ¾͹ˡǿ϶ҲҪȥģȻңҲЩڱ߹عѽɥʧĵġϲô޴
ȻϲӺҲÿУһʲôɲȥأ
Ӻ˵ô붨үӦ׼һЩСϣү͹ȥ̫ƽ
Ц̫ƽܳ
ӺСĵشӵ¡˳һзۡ
֪̫ƽϲԷۣԡӺˣ˺ܶұ߹صũ֪߹ص˲࣬ҪҲ䣬ҲֻôһУԼǲóԣҲǲóԡǲԷۡ
񹧾ؽӹ룬̫ƽ֪һǳмģҴ̫ƽллӺ
Ӻε˵ҲΪܹȥԱİʵ̫󡣲ûбʲô˼
Цĩ֪
ʵӺǴ˵ˡȻ뵽ӺǶ̫ƽδˡ
ʱ̫ƽ糯ϣʽΪֵղ󳼡
һŮȴΪղ󳼣ȷ⵽˺ܶ˵ķԣǻһУһҪ̫ƽ
ϣȻҲ֪᧿ΣĴҲֻ̫ƽõõˣΪвŻĶɵ˱߽ȥˡ
ڲѾ˿á
ϲǸŮֻҪΪ־Ϳԡ
ǣ̫ƽʿǹȥˡѻҲҪȥġ
ѻӲ˵ԼټٹȥҲֻܴӦˡ
ϾѻȥģҲǻϡ
ܲԼԼɣ
̫ƽһ·ȥ糾͡ڵ˵̰ӱϡ
̫ƽӲ󣬷Ȼ󣬾ôȥϢˡ
Ͼ̫ˡ
һ·ҪʱָԪ
˭֪Ȼ˴ꡣ
̫ƽӱϿ飬ķҡﻹȥ飿Ͱһţ·ߡ
ĺΣգ㻹ǲҪȥɡʦүһض̫ƽ˵
УڲؼʱһҪȥ̫ƽܼһҾ߳˴š
ƶδϡۡ
÷ǳͻȻָոպøУǳʱ
̫ƽܵģǸ޵ĵ̰ӻסˮ
ΪԷһ̫ƽѾǰ˲ֹٱȥ̰Ӹפء
ͬʱ˺ܶȥ
ֻٱ࣬ޣʱ˿̻һЩ̰ûбӹ̡
̫ƽΪĵĵط
ȥܸܲЩ峵ҿǲġ̫ƽߵʦү˵
Σգ˲Ҫǰˡһʿ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽûֹͣŲǰߡ
ʱˮѾ͵ƽˣһһϮŵ̰ӡ
ĺˮ̫ƽЬӶŪʪˡ
ͻȻһ磬̫ƽͷϵĶҶˡ
紵̫ƽͷ
̫Σˣǻǻص˵ɡһԵѵġ
̫ƽصϣͻȻһ졣
תһ̫ƽղطѾ˵ϰɡ
ǵĺˮţƺҪǰ
ʱԭشĹٱϽ׼õ˻ȥ
Ϊˮ̫ļȥܿʧ
֮ĺˮܿ죬϶˺ˮ
һҪȱڸס̫ƽ˵
ϵյͲƲ̫ƽ˷ԣ»صȱڵλãֳָȹ
̫ƽֵ̰ӵڲȻ˺ܶľͲϡ
ʱ̫ƽȻŭ
԰ɣǻʮ޵ġ
ǰһĻ͵ϡ


738 ̰ī

Լóϣ̫ƽɫڹϡ
ܿ죬һŸкӡµֽų̫ƽǰ
̫ƽĿÿհĿ׼
ֽŵ½ɷд֣Ȼʲݣ̫ƽһ۾ϳѲ֡
֮ǰ߷ðռϢ̫ƽѾѲ̰ī͵ϵµˡ
̫ƽһ磬˸Ѳȥһ
ѲյȻ˳Էĵص㾹Ȼ
ŵȷгԷĵطֻ϶һ򵥵ķ֡
ʱѲҲѾ֪ˮˡ
ҲϢ˵̫ƽҪʦ
Ѳ̫ƽԼ֡
ţжʱһѹ֡
ԷôѡĵطһθڶûСѲһ˵
ԷҲҾ֮ꡣ
ˣξͽ£´ʲôʱԷ˵ء̫ƽʾѲ¡
Ѳ֮ͻȻϵԼ
ѲȫһԼǸܣ̫ƽӦ֪ġ
ô£̫ƽѲ۵һ˿㡣
Ѳ۾ٵĻתԼǩģֻ岻ʣתˡ
Ѳ˵Ĳ̰ӵĽ裬ȷѾתˡ
û֮ûǩԼ̫ƽ˵ʮתָ˱˶ʮԼ´ͷ
£Ѳ۵һ˿ȡ
û뵽̫ƽȻ֪ôࡣ
תһ롣ѲϹ𣬡˵飬ô֪
Ѳ֮ǰһ˸ûǩԼжֻǿͷϵġ
̫ƽȥ飬޴Ӳ
̫ƽ֪Ѳ
ɡ̫ƽһơ
ֻһ죬һӡ
Ѳһһ
˲ǱˣԱ⡣
ԱⲻѲĸ
ѲԱ⣬ȴֱӱԱܾ
ˡԱ̫ƽ˸
֪˵һ顣̫ƽָϵԼ
ǡˣԱûпѲһۣѲο˿ۿ͵ϵ黺˵
˵ѲĴԱĻ
û˵ںǵ̰ӣõ֤Աᶨ˵
Σ̰ӳ⣬ѲΡ̫ƽ˵ˣѲ˺Ա⡣һ¡
ʿϳΧǡ
̫ƽοղ󳼵ʹģǵطѲҲſ⡣
˵˵Ѳ̾˿˵߾ǣץôˮ֣ҵȷӦùȥͬʹġ
֪ͺãѡ̫ƽ˽Ѳη塣
ƾ˵Ƭ֮ʣңѲ¶һĨм
ΪԾ󻼡Ѳûг棬Ҳûκ֤ݡ
Ȼ˭֪̰ӾѲŪġۣȴûκʤ㡣
ϺꡣԱ⼤
Ϊ̰ۣǿչ̡ѲԱ˺ܶ⡣ԱȻʣҲ޿κΡ
Ѳ˵̫ƽüͷ΢塣
ֱӴѲ֣ûôס
̫ƽţѲ϶ʲôۼ
̫ƽץѲһ½½عǣչչ䣬߽һ֡
ԭǼձٸץΪǲԸء
Уٲִ˼ȥĳԲũء
ǡǺõġʩȥͱζΪ˼ҸҪҪֻҪũ񣬶ǿеͼչ
ȻЩ˼ҶǸŹõġĸũԸֻǿʵˣ۸ر͡
ȻкܶƶũԸˣΪֻЩֳׯڳԷˣֻõܵӣͲĳԷοأǾûг·ˡ
̫ƽȥֹ󻧣˼ҿ̫ƽֻղ󳼶ֹˣҲͲٷֻûˡ
̫ƽ֪סһʱȴס㣬ԴСڴڷҷԽԽ࣬ͷĶǰգǣ̫ƽ;֮һҪũ⡣
Ǹ⣬Ҳ̫ƽһܽģ̫ƽʿҪڣֹܼЩ˼ңǿչء
̰ӵˮλȻȥЩȻûк£
̫ƽȥֳ鿴ȷˮа
ȥϾͻᱻˮߡ
Ѿصʱ̫ƽһ뷨
ܿ죬̫ƽĽ飬һë˹
̫ƽ˰ëڲͱͨȻëֱӲˮסһֱࡣ
ĿľΪëȹ̡
Ȼ˽Ƚõཬֱӹë


739 

ཬ̫ƽԵģͬͨཬ̫ƽߺ֬
ֶǳɳ֮󣬺ܿסˡëҲӺӵ׳ʯ
ͬķһë񱻲ˮһʯһš
ںëͬʱ̫ƽë
һ߲塣һ߹Ƶཬ
ڣڵλñסˡ
û뵽㻹ı¡һԵ̾
̫ƽġȴһɲ;
̫ƽ䲻
˵̰ӵ⣬̫ƽڿȫѲİˡ
̫ƽӵÿϸڣѲǵˮ©
̫ƽѲȥһ
ǿʲô˼Ѳüͷ
ϣ̫ƽԳɹ¾ڵɰ˾硣
ɴҶ֪̫ƽڵĿ϶Ǻ磬Ѿǵһˡ
һΣѲȻΪѡ
ȥǾϺ¹޹أպͻӹٽҲһ롣
ԥѲԼ
ѴԵõƣҪѲı̫ƽžƱЦ
Ѳ̫ƽⷬŪ
ܴΪҵʵѲžƱ
ѲԭѾ˻Ӧ׼ȴû뵽̫ƽֲֻ̰һ¡
ƱһһģѲЩƮƮȻˡ
ѲˣһΣ׬׬ǮǸߣһѲžƱ
С˼Ѳˬָһ
ֻҪ£ûвɹġ
֪Ѳôģ̴ܲܽ֡⻰˲Ŀ̫ƽ
ˣҾ͸ǡѲ糺죬ԼȥǩǵʱҾֳ
£̫ƽʲôˡ
ѲȻԼ˸ʵġȻûǩ֣˶֪ʵ˼Ѳı⡣
Ѳƣ̫ƽѲϻѺȷϡ
ȾѵʱѲ֪һУѾˡ
ԻѺĲϰԼǰѲ˵ȴͻȻ
ʲô˵ģͻȥ˵ɡ̫ƽ˰֡
γѲĹñѾõˡһͷڷɢҵĹ˿ûյ硣
û뵽ܴ˾ȻѲˡ
һʱ䣬ͷβ˶̫ƽ
ص̫ƽϰԵȥЩ
һʱĹȡѾ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ̫ƽľλҵҲϻָˡ
ɾ̫ƽҪ£ܶʿǿȵĹȴ⡣
̫ƽҪݵʱ
һʿͻȻʹ̫ƽ֪֮Թʿ
ֻʿʹſڵϣɷס
ƣ̫ƽ֪϶ǶʹĺܡƣԻӵѹʹôԡ
ҪҪʿ̫ƽֹˡ
һʹʿ϶̵ģǰʿ϶ǵز
̫ƽȡ롣׼ʿһ롣
ͳθνǸ˼
̫ƽ룬˱һϵʿͻȻһƨ
ʱ˶̲סЦ
̫ƽȴ˿ı֣Ѿ̫ƽԤڡ
ʿ֮Ϸվ
ԭʿʳľֺţ̣
лˡ
պһҪעʳ̫ƽ˵
Ϊˮֵİպܶ࣬һЩ޼ҿɹ顣
̫ƽ˽һƬר
ˡæʲô
ͻȻһˣǰļ̧һӡ
ֻȫϣӸǴԲģһ𡣾һһ
̫ƽֻһۣ㿪ʼ׼֡
˵˹ͣص֣ٲƣ»ᱩС
ֲֻû˸ҽ֡
Ҫʲô׼𣿡һ԰æ
ǸҪϵƣȥ߶׼ã̫ƽͷҲû̧˫ϴΡ
Ҫϵû˸ҽӣ̫ƽҲ֣˾ֻܵˡ
ܿ죬һж׼Ϊ˱ָɾһɫĻʽˡ
̫ƽԼñӣҲΧɴֻ¶һԴ۾
̫ƽסʼˡ
ѧͽվԼλϣʱ̫ƽİš
û֪̫ƽĵһôȥģѧͽӦʱ򣬲˵ĶϣѾһɫҺ壬Ȫˮһ˲䣬ܵĿɢһŨصȳζ
̫ƽ˿ûб仯ϵĵ˵壬ڵˮȫų
ˮһľͰȫ֮ľͰҪˡ
ţ̫ƽϣѧͽĴչѧϰصļ
̫ƽܿ죬ѧͽʲôû


740 ͨ

ˣֻ˻Ҫ۲켸졣̫ƽԻ߼˼䣬ȥæȥˡ
һ죬̫ƽûͣ
һһǣ̫ƽĵģЩΪˮֵİա
Ѿ˱仯
Ͼͻ䡣Щڻûůĵط١
ٶҪһ㣬깤Ϊ˲һ˵ӣ̫ƽԹԼµá
Ҳܻطô
̫ƽתʱӭײһСк
ô·ġСĵһԵѧͽæСк֧
ȵȡ̫ƽͻȻǰһһץסСк
ⶫŪģ
Լ·ڵģСкָָԶһ鲻۵ĵط
̫ƽʦϴѧͽȥǸط
ûã̫ƽҲڳһ
Ȼͷ󡣵ȴ÷ǳʡ
̫ƽܺ棬Ϊںˮܶ˶Ѿ˿ôԵĵطȻ
̫ƽûءȻĿյϡ
ΪԵõ±̫ƽҲǲܳԵĶ˹
иֳҪ졣
ıϣ̫ƽҰ˺ܶҰʳ
Щʳ￪ʼֳͿԽܶ˵Ŀˡ
ƽ̫ƽ˰æ±⣬Ҳǳȥ̰Ѳ顣
Ƿ´ꡣ
Ȼ֮ǰľѾˣ̫ƽǵģ̰ӿܻٴηڡ
һĴ꣬ˮģʱö˷ܵӱҳԵģΪˮѺܶϺˢˡ
񣬺ܶ˶ָֻһˡ
̫ƽĵǵ̰ӵİȫ
û̫ƽ³š
û̫ƽߵˮߡһ졣
ˮְѵ̰ӳ忪һȱڡ
ཬˮܿͰдһظûˡ
ׯң׼ոġ
ſôûˣ̫ƽġ
̫ƽǰյİΣ
ΪյĽ꣬ܶط˴󷽡
ԭȵϷӶббġ
̫ƽżɽűߡ
ǣҶ˵̫ƽɤӺˮѾضιˣסɽ¡Σաϸȥطɡ
̫ƽ˺һм˼ҲԸߡ
ЩնԣⷿӶѾס˼ʮ꣬˵ûûġ
̫ƽûа취ֻ԰Ұȥ˵
ɽ廬µĵڳ
ڣ̫ƽŬ£м˼Ը뿪ɽˡ
ţ̫ƽƣ߽һ˼ҡ
Ѿ̫ƽ˵ˡ
ʲô˵ҿ϶ǲߵġǸˣ·ʱ򣬻Ҫסȡ
ү⣬ǻȱһܷͷɡ̫ƽ֪Щүûõġ
Ҷôһˡܲܶһˡ
̫ƽԥ£ɫҲԽԽ
ٲܰȰߣʮֵΣա
Ǿֻίүˡ̫ƽߵʿʾ񣬶ʱ˾ͽү̧
ſңſҡ˸߳ӵǣͻȻɽϴһ¡գ۵ʱ䣬˵ķûˡ
ա޲ΪѺҲǼ̫ƽ¡
ˡһΣյ̫֮ƽתȥ䡣
Ϊ˸¿̫ƽʱɽһƬ
ƾڿԶˮ
ϵ¡Ȼÿһضֻаƴ󣬵һҲһ͹۵Ŀ
˸ղɽ廬µ̫ƽǵĵﴦ
ܴˣΣգȥɡһһȰ˵
û£Ҿҡ̫ƽһ˵һкѧͽ׼õ˳
Щ磬Ͱˡ˵̫꣬ƽڳİ
˷ģһúֲǷ׷׸̫ƽ
ˮӰܴټıã̫ƽҲ˳ԶĴ㡣
𽥶ȹԼã֮׷׿ʼ
£ҪģҪ콫าס
Ǻܶ๤ߣҲһ棬⿿ͽ飬϶ǲеġ
ǡ̫ƽǽĳͶĹߡ
֯Щӣˣ㿪ʼɻˡһһĽظ
Щ࣬ڱ˿һѷһֱӶ̫ƽЩ࣬ϵȷֵ
ǣ̫ƽѧͽһ𣬽Щ͵
ʱ˲١
⣬̫ƽҲı֮ǰºˮİ취ںˮϣͨһͨ
ͨҲǷǳ⣬
ǰĲ֣̫ƽһӡ
ͻϲˮͿźӵ


741

ˮԶʹģ̫ƽӵһֱ쵽ԶĴϡ
϶ѻ࣬ܿͰӸˡ
ѾҪˣ̫ƽЩ
ԭʼ࣬ι̶̳ȲľͷһɾͿˡ
ǵ̫ƽûƵʱĶ͸һ
ܴˣô£ѧͽשͷֿ
ĳɷֺܸӣûƹԽȥʣµģǼӲשͷˡ̫ƽһשͷȻ£שͷˮһʱꡣҪשͷˮ
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տʼѴͺˮı˰ǵϰߣ˶ѡסڶ¥һ¥ֱڿջ߰ڷЩþߡ
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һΣ̫ƽص˵̰ӵλԲȹ̵ĵطҲ˼ӹ̡
ӵİգ֪̫ƽשͷ׷׹ֽѧϰܿ죬שͷӳУطҲʼģ¡
ڶ깤ˣҲˡ
̫ƽֵ⼸ԪҲû
Ԫʹȸɺˡǣ;ջĽ񣬽ԪһʣԪȥ߹ʲô
ԪΪ˲¶ȸӣߡԪԼ
ȸǲϵġ
ǣԪ˵Ϊ˴֣ȸٵˡ
ȸּۻۡڿ졣
ԪӦڣܸ߽ȸӾ·뿪
ǣ˵صͱˣôܽ
и취ɺЦҼٰ̫ȥȻߡ
Ԫһ˵õģǸ͵͵뿪ߵģôôأ
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̫£Ҫץľ㣬ôעأɺˡ˵Բԣ
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ԪɫȻɺִҪˣô磬ȸ߰ɣȷɺûˣߡ
⡭ɺһϥ˵Ҫ𣿡
УȻҪΪѾӦ̫ƽһҪƽƽĻȥһ١Ԫ̬ȼᶨ
ȸɺһۡ
ɺ˵λܹĵֵóúʹȵϣҪ۾ѩ
ȸȴһҺλܹ׷ǹʵģΪʲôҪأ
룬϶Ϊλܹĵ˾֮лĻһҪȥݼλܹɺ˷
ܹδ̫ȸЦ
֪ȥ׷ܹ˼ֻǣлĻȥлһɺҲЦˡ
ԪЦܹҲأ
ģ⵹ɺһ
ȸЦܹС¶к֮ǺõģҲûʲôüġǸǣģûʲô³Ҳܹˡ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵˾֮һҪһ̫ƽ̫ƽġ
ȸ̾˿˵ģȻǲ⣬Ҳûʲôýġ
Ԫ̾˿˵ҲǸ̫ƽԵ֡
ȸȻɺԪˡ
ԪЦɺô𣿡
һŮ˲Ҫȥ룬˷Ӿˡ
ͶԼô
Ȼˣ̫ŰɣһƽƽĻġɺЦˡ
Ԫܣ˫ַںϵŵͷ۾˯ˡ
ɺܿҵ˽񣬵Ȼɺߡ
޳ܵŮˣԪʲôɺȵ
ڿ˱أɺȻһУæ̧ͷȴתˡ
ߴκԪԳԪϷ˱һе׷˹ȥ
ɺڱ߹أˣɿܲٶȡ
һʱ׷ɺء


742 һ

ٶȲУûбİ취
ֻ΢΢һЦ֡
ʱ֪ɿܳһֻѩƤëǣ
ǿ׳ͨ⻬ңǳĻ
˰֣ѩǾͰѺ彵Ͷɵأȥ
ݣ˵ꡣѩǾͬҵļһŽɵ˳ȥ
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ɺ׳˶ͷڱ߹ôˣʲôû̫ãЦôô׷𣿡
ŭͣѩǣѩͣסҲңĳֻѩǷǳ
ջɵģƺҲĨһӰ
ԽԽѵָɣֻ㲻С
Уˡôɺ˫ֱأһȻԵõӡ
ѩǣЦԪ
вաɺ˸Ƿ
ǣԪƺûôƻ۾תţɺ
ɺûһ˿ӱܣЦŶҴڿЦɣ
Ԫѩǣ۵ġӰĿֱֱϮΪѩǣ¸ҵǡ
ôһԹءɺΪȻҪ˽ңҶɲȤ
㡭ҲǲԪ̫ҽһҪʰ㣡֣ʱѩǶɺ˹ȥ
ɺһæ˼һˡ
ѩأüٶȡת䣬ٴΣɺȥ
ɺһˡ
غ˵ǵҲˣɺЩˡ
æأɺٳ嵽˽ǰһѱס˽
ʲôһ
ʲô㲻ѩΪ𣿿ѽҸһ𣬿ѩҧ㡣ҧңѩҪҧңһҧ㣡ɺ˵꣬ס˽Ĳӡ
ˣɺ˹ȥ
ɺû뵽Ȼ£ɻǣĽżˡ
˵еطȻߵˡɺȻʵϻǸµСأˡ
ʱѩ˹ɺֲܷſ񡣶˹˵ϡ
ɺѹ˽ϣôɺſ񳤵ûͦÿġ
ͷϲһ֧µ䳤˫峺Ǽ΢̣һȦۺɫŸƣɫ¡ϴʲЬ
㡭޳Сˣʲôƿɺ
ѩҪ˹˻֣Ҫˡ
ѩͣסˣؿŽ
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ҪɺߣҵҪǲԪ
ɺһס˽֣㲻䡣
㡭û˸ôĺ˵Ҳ䣿»Ҳ𣿡ŭɺŤ
ѩǺšǣûнĴӦѩǲǰ
ɺ˽Ĳӣһ·Ȼͱ
ҡ治ǹģɺˣæתƿĿ⡣
ΣǡȻתһ룬Ц̫¼Ȼҵ·Ǿ͵øˣģҲ˵ģҲԹ޻ڵģ˭Ұأ˵Ͱ˹סɺĲӡ
ɺ⧲ӾȻͱסˣƿ񣬿ǣӣʵɺ޴֡
ôŸʲô֪Ҳиоģǲأ˵ɺϡ㼱ٵӴô졣
ɺֻüͷ˵߿
ߣ·ˣ㻹벻߿ƫ߿˵꣬񻹰һ㣬ȥҪȥժɺߡ
ȴɺץסˡ㹻ûУҴûôŮˣ
˱϶ʵﶼϲŮˣԽԽѵ𣿹һɺȻ˷Ӧ
߿ɺ̲סˣһưѽ˳ȥ
ѩɳ˳ȥԼĺ󱳽סԼˣ
ɺûˡ
Ԫȥʱôˡ
ߡԪסɺߣٻһ
ǡɺһ̫¸ղŶڿ𣿡
ûУҲǸԪ˵·ߣܿҪɳˡ
̫Ϊʲôһߣɺһ


743 Ѳ

вܸһߵɡԪüԣǳᶨ
ɺû취̾˿˵ô̫£뱣ء
ģҪסȥȸһҪһ̫ƽԸԸҪǣҪΪʲôԪɫ
֪ûôΪʲôġɺ̾˿ˡ
Ԫ˳
ԪȻԸˡɢȥЦ
ȻѾô˻ᴩ·ˡ
ԪȻǱԵûǣӣ߹˶ȹ˵Ҿ֪ղǸߵ㡣ˡѾҵˣҪˡ
ҹ˵ôܹÿһ㣬ΪҪɳˡԪĿͬʸ
ɳ˵˵ɣﶼһˣʲôʱɳʲôʱûУѵȻˣȻʲôɳҪߣҲҪ취ɣҿһֱסġЦ
ⳡɳڵأڱ߹ءڱ߹صʱ֪ɳˣ㻹ǿ߰ɣҪȻˡԪЦ
ǷǳҵġźС֣ҪȥԪĲӡ
ȴԪһƿֻǾãˣ㻹ô˽أ
˵ЩʲôʲôˣԼҪץ㣬ҵʲôϵŶԣûˡԼԼˡ
ԪƶЦ㣿СĶԻˣ˾ŷס
һЦԭ㶼֪ˡŷôõˣΪʲôƫƫҪأŷҰΪʴҪҪǺأ
㱻ˣҪǮءأʲôʸŷŷԸԸҺҲġԪ˵
ŶԭŷײԸȢҡŷȻԸˡԼĻ۵һЦ
̫߹Լˡŷ׵УƤǡԪ˵ѾΣˣԼѡߵģôǡ
㲻ߡסˡ
ΪʲôԼһҪŵġԪһưѽ򿪺Զ
ѩǶԪ˹
ԪһЦͷǣŪģȻһϬ㣿
ѩǴһǳǺڿտɳĮԵøĶӼȡ
ߵѩߣͷ˵Ҫ£֪ģֻõѣɳߵҲֻ㡣
ԪЦɳĶɵӣҷȰ㲻Ҫٸˡ뿪ɡԪ˵תˡ
ʱӺϡ
ϰһɫʯܡܵĲϿһöͭǮ
üԶ죬촽΢գƤƣŷݺݵѹ档
ײѹܴ졣
ףŷѾȢңŷҪ¡
ȻӶӿһʹôһ˵뿪ҾҪˣҪˣ
ô磿㲻ǻֻ߸𣿡ŷһ
㣬ҵĺôܲأԹ㣬ȥнŰɣ
ŷذڰ֣ʲô£ҲŲȥأٽȥаɡɨˣŸ㵽һ롣
ŷĮܵģᣬӿ˳
ĺӵķϣȥҽаɣΪ˺㣬ҰǶ֧ôػʹذʮָձ˺
ŷˡΪŷȥŵĻ˷֣ܵ˽顣
ԣŷˣںܵӡ
ŷܣֻ档һֱ档
ʹĺûѾˡ
ѪѾȾô϶ǺͨͨһƬ
ѾǼˣͳȥ̫ƽ
̫ƽ˵ѲѪϴҽҩ䣬һжҽѾ޹ˡ
ããһҪͦסͦס̫ƽסܵ֡
ܱѾȥˣ̫ƽ˹۾˵̫ƽ㣬ˣԲ
ʱˣ㻹˵ʲôԲأӦ˳˳İѺġҸ˲Ȱɣˡ̫ƽ˵
ôѪǲˣٲ˵Բ𣬾ˡ۽ǣһᡣ


744 ײƳ

ܣ㲻Ҫ˵ûʲôǶԲҵģԶҵĺãֻƽƽİѺĸƽͿˣԸӦҺòã̫ƽó˲ܶͷϵĺˮϿҵ˵
̫ƽ㡭ҡҲ룬ǡҲˣûˡʵμˡ
벻Σѵʱ̣ߵģֻ̫ƽ
ܶʼɲѵ̫ƽ
ҪӺ̫ƽ
˵ˣͻˡѵҵĻ𣿡̫ƽֵ
ʱѾѾѽŽйˡ
˵̫ƽ˵Ķԣȷ̲Ҳܸƽӿľ۳¸ʹѾܾˣ⺢ӱϸˣҪȻĻͲˣŹڴǰ˵
ã˰ɣҲ˵˵ĶûģѲˣ⺢ӾͿ˳иĸˡ̫ƽ
ġлĸ𣿡Ѿˡ
Ȼˡ̫ƽص˵ͷ˵
ءҲ䡭ܺĪ
أҲĸ׵ʸҡ̫ƽܰ˲ȥ
ܿ˼£Ȼȫ˲
뵽ĮŷܾԼѾһˣΪ˵Ӻܷ
ĸƽûġ
۾⣬ȥˣ̫ƽˣæ˰ܵĶӣԽ˵ˣӰͣ
Ϊѵ˵˵ܹﰡԼӰͣ˺Ҳû취İ
˭˵ģҰסܵĶӡץ̥̥̫ܲܰƽǱ˭ǿǻۡ
ȻûԹ취ǼȻ̫ƽ˵ˣҽֻһˡ
ţܾʹѹˡ
ҪʲôʵֻѪϴʪܵ˫š
ȫҪˡ
ܳΪһʬ⡣
㲻ҪĺӣһҪҵֶ̫ƽɫĺӡ
ܿ˵֪˭ģҪҪҪģӺҲῪģ
죡޹ģ㷸µĴԼеǺҪһĸף̫ƽһˡ
ЦӺܼǿټӰͣˡ
ôҲãϣҲҪ̫ƽ
ҧҧãģ̫ƽ㡣

һ糺ıɴܵĲľһƬů޹СƲˮͶȵӰӣۻɢ콭ˮݡ«έһҡҷ裬
ڣһӤޣ˼žͳĬĿ
һŮӤ
ǸŮƯŮ̫ƽЦţѺӱܿ
ܿſţЦˡɵ֣ҪŮʱѪעضʱ˹ȥ
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Żˣë֪
̫ƽȵʲôѹס
ѹֹѪĿǰõİ취
ȻܻԹȥ촽ϣǳء
ǣ̫ƽĳܵڳѪء
ΪܿɲǸողųѪġ
ҹʱܾͿʼˣһֱѪ֢״
һֱܲŷ˴Ѫ
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ѹȣǿֹסĳѪġ
Ȼ̫ƽŬ£ܵѪֹסˡ
̫ƽ۵ͷǺ
Ϊ̫æﻹûء
ʱʮ˻Ȼͷ˵ǹϲ
ô֪ˣ̫ƽһȥҩԼϴ֣ȥ
̫ƽҽտȻܹѽ˿ڲ裬б۾ˡ
̫ƽ˵Ůֻ¡
£ЦȻôӺ֪Ӻӣ߲ˣ
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ŮӺô֪Ӻ뷨ҲµõϲǧȻǻ˵ġ̫ƽɫ
㵹Ǻÿġƶ˵
̫ƽݲȵ˵Ů֪˵ʲô
Ҹɣ·ӺҲ·ҿ˴ӺΧǽŷЦôˣŷȴԺǴǽϳòãӣпܣӺģ


745 ̸£

̫ƽһɫҲˣʮ˻ӣֻϵʼ棬ƾ޾ݣɲܺ˵ġ
ƾ޾ݣʣ˼ŷȻ飬ΪֻҪ㲻˵Ϳԣŷ˵ġҡȥ߻ϣãϾ㲻šҲڻβȥ£ã鲻𣿡һЦָϵ˵㣬һȻԵáǷӡ
̫ƽĿϬҪȥ߻ϡȥˣȵڡ
˵öԡ̫ƽȻ鴫ָˮմ£ϻˮա
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Ȧȴֻһ롣
̫ƽˣ˲˵㾿Ҫô
Ц򵥵úܣҪҲ˵ҲԡԺԪǻΪۣҷϱߵĸĳҵķҵ
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ҵȻûҴˡԪ㣬˵ʲôߣ϶ԽԽˣΪҿ̳лλġһԪǺ۹⡣
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̫ƽ̾˿˵ãҴӦʱԪӦԪûгΪϣûϵ
˵ƾ̫ƽ㵱С𣿱־ݣҪǩֻѺ
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㡭̫ɶˣŮħͷҴûɶŮħͷŭˡ
ԸħͷҵȻҪķҸ㣬͸¶ܵĺӵôҲȥǰ̫˵ʱ͵ʯٰɡ̫ƽƶЦ
ˡ
̫ƽܵĲ󣬾ͻصˡ
ɫСտ԰ӣůů˱һĹӴӼɽϴ£ˮ˶˵
̫ƽһɫɴ£׵ɫ£һ˫֯Ьһն裬˵ҷǳϲϲ裬Ҳ֪ǲΪ̬ˣҲѹ֣Ļ̫࣬˵̬ϡ
ĺæ˵ˣ̬ﶼˣն費ǺƽҪೢʵĶһֱȺ̲ġ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵Ҫ˵Ļˣͻ֪Ѿıˡ


746 

ĺЦǹȻѩ˵ıأūǲŵġ
̫ƽָһ̾˿˵˶ǻģұˡˣ⼸գյ߹صʲôϢ
ĺɵݹȥһЦҪ߹أȷһţӺĹġ
̫ƽӹһԭǣҪӱ߹ػˣӺд档̫ƽܹʵȥһܣΪӺ㵽ҲҪˣӺԼϲһиеһУⲻ˼롣
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ĺ˵źҪյ
̫ƽ˵˰ɡ
ĺùȥ̨ϡ
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ʱϹˣ̫ƽ󣬰񼴽ؼҵת档
ȻǴΪϲ˵Լĵڶӻûʽѧʱ
ôĸףΪˡ̫ƽʼ廨ûš
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ֻ֪֪˼Բã˵ڶ֮󣬾ʲôǲˣȥ궼ʲôҲˡϲ˼Ц
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ĺɣȥһһ꣬仨̫ƽ˵ޣϵҩĶãڽҡסǽ£ǧ򲻿κ֪ī㡣
ǣ
ĺ꣬ȻһƹĵݸһĺæѻŻص
Ȼĺɴӻȡһš
ԭСı̫ƽŷҲɫ˳ȡŷ׵ΣΪŷ׵ĵڶʮС檡
Сõŷʹ͵Ǯ˻ƹԼˣʲô¾ͨͻʽϵ
Ҳڷɸ봫飬Ͼɸ봫ýƻŷ֪й¶Լݡ
쿴СĵˡĺĿϬŴˡ
̫ƽӹЦСѾȷȡŷ׵ˡȻֻϺ껹ģǾѲ˵ա
ĺ˵̫ǱߣūѾȥˣԼ̫ڻʹ԰͹档
̫ƽ˵ͷһıѾĻ


747 ȸؾ

ʱ߹ء
ովһɳ
ȻⲻһܴɳջѾˡ
ѩǾ˳
ȥһƬҶӣҶ̨׶ûˣԪϢ
ѾˣԪ뿪˱߹أǸȥ
˭ֻ֪ѩǿȻŽһ·׷ѩǵҲȻҲû׷;ȻסԪ
УԪǾͽšڽҪ׷ϵԪȸӡ
ԪͽţĿġϣȸɺʱ䣬뿪
̫£ôķϣҰɣһˣԺ϶ֹһôһɣЦ˵ˣ߻ôѩǣһ㡣
Ԫƿ׹һʯ룬ƿɫһȦߣԹ۵㣿ĲѸңҶϡ
㡭㿴ҵӣҪ𣡡ˡ
ӣ˵ղǸߵˣֲҡԪЦҪ˸ȥȥɣûпա
ʲôһⲻܣԲܡ֪㣬ҾԲҵӣ
ƭʲôȷǼװңߵġԪ˵
ҲԣǸԪֵöԽɬ𣿷һˡ
ڼˣƭӡҺ㡣
㱾ûףʲôƷԪĵ˵
벻ﾹȻˡίˣԪܸøҡǸ͵ӵ˭Һˡ
ΪʲôҪ㣿Ҳ˺ʲôϵƫ㡣Ԫһ֦ȻԵá
㡭ַ̫ͨҵ塣ֱҧ
˭ַˣҾݣǲų²ߣҪ֪˭ԼȥǲɡҲûпջˡԪһ
ԪΪҲȥ𣿡ŭ
ֲҵĵطҪȥʱȥ㲻ҪҾˣ˵ѩܶԸ𣿡Ԫм˵
֪ϻ㶼£οһֻأҵȻҵѩȥãȻ㲻ϸңԼȥǲ顣һҪҳ۾ڳܹйͷ֮ߡ˵꣬ʹѩˡ
·ϡ
ȥٵǰӳһ֦
ѩǷɿĳ˳һ硣
ֻǰƬɫһ
ѩѾ֦ˡ
ۡѩҡβͣŲӵŽĿ佱
ܰѩǵĲӣȥɡ
һƬɫɫǣţѾǽͷ
鲻ʱʱؽͷ·ԵĲݴ
һֻɽæɳųӻңǿŹľԷɹȥ
ѩǶʱڵķ۾һ۽
ȥɡЦŵͷ
ѩǳ׷ˡһŲ
ɽ׼ݶʱѩ͵ĵһ׼ֺݵҧסɽ
ġЦ
һСɺˡ
ԭΪɳɺ뿪ˣû׷ȸԷ˽Ųͬʱѩǵٶȴ֮죬ǵٶȵһˣߵ·Ҳһ
ɺͽסͬһҿջˣɺǿ
Ůˣôаĵһ档벻ɺ̾˿˵
ʱԪɺûǣȸѾˡ
ӦȸȸˣԪȰźõׯ
ϽﰲסȥЦҺӾסڸڡʲôҪҡ̫·ԸˣΪ˽ճĳԴöȣҶ͹͡ϽĺˡϽͲҪˡ
ȸͷǾ͸·ˡ
Ц£ٽȥ˺δ̫˵ˣΣϽǺٽһͬġ
ȸ̾˿˵ӦҲˡ
ǾͺáѾ˼ˣڹϵˡˡ
̫ǿ֮ģ£ô棬ֹжȡǰ̫飬ҲһᰲϢˡȸЦŵ˵ͷ
Ȼȥ̫ƽ
ʲôϽˣ̫ƽе廨˵ϣ۾ҫ貵Ĺâ
ͷܹҪȥ֪ͨ÷ݯ𣿡
̫ƽЦȻҪڡȼϽ
һܹȥϽ𣿡
̫ƽȻ棬Ϊʲôôʣ
Ϊܹı飬ƺǸϽͱطһֵǣǶĵŮôϽйأ


748 һĿ

¶Ե̫֡ƽǿԼҪԵ̫ڼ
ǣְ̫ƽ˼
̫ƽԼСʱǵȻһСʱˡ
ϣɽѣٻţ֦Ҷï
ϣб˯ǰ˸̡
÷ݯ߹ЦڵأȳԷ½ջҪᣬŵء
ԭһ磬ȸͰսֻ֣ʤδֵʱ򣬾м£ȸֻܳȥ
֮ǰȸ̲ҪŪˣȸҪָʤ
ԸŮնųԵִƺʤͲһ
أ˵ˣҷָʤˣô֪ʤأ죬۾ɿ̡
û£Ӱĸ˸ҰŪȥ˯һս÷ݯЦ
Ȼ˵ǲңѱﲻᱻ紵ܵģ˵ˣѾռϷ磬һоôܵأȥԷˣж˼ˡĸףȥ԰ɡұ֤˾͹ҡ÷ݯ֣
ѽӮһѣôҪ𣿡÷ݯҡҡͷ
ȻҪˣĸɲˣԻ˵ӮһȤɴˡЦЦһ
÷ݯԼŮôͷҲֺǺǵġ
ǡǣǣѽ壬Բǵľ磬ܲܲԷѽΪ˶ӣҲǲ޳ɵ𣿡÷ݯֵ
ðɣðɡȥԷˣֻǵûҪȵһԷأҪֺ뵽ʲôƵģȥˡ
òãῪʱˣȻ׼ʳġ÷ݯˡ
ĸףŮɲˣеĳʳªмӪҪҸȥĸȥŶҲǲˣŮģԼȥܵأֿʼ
úúãǸТ˳ģҲ͹ȥòã÷ݯ
Ƕлĸˡ
ʱɺ˽ǸСӣٷ硣ͭɫƤ͸Ȼɫ
ҪȥҲͣһŮӼҵģɫˣΪǼҵֻô·ض˵һʱɺҡҡͷ
Ҳ¡졣
˵һʱĻɾͲֹˡãҪ˺òãɺЦ
ˣǶͷˣ㿴˹ϲˣˡ÷ݯſȥ
ۣˡϲ
ҵȻҪͣ˵ˡ廹ûзֳʤأôܹˣҵСǧ𲻸أǵѽȸ˵꣬ס
Ц绨лʽɱɡ
ԸŮôӵģûأҪʼ𣿡÷ݯˡ
ˣµľһǷʤٳԲ١ȸЦ
÷ݯ̾˿˵׵ҲŮģˡǵĶӲ𣿡
ŮȻͬ˵
÷ݯҡҡͷаɡǡ
ĸװ׸þģȥ԰ɣ˵ǾˡɺҲˡ
ȥӲ֪жôģôǣȴѾһȥˡ
ܹܹһ˺ü̫ƽŷӦ
ʲô̫ƽЦ
ôˣܹôڷأ̾˿˵
ûʲôգȥׯ㣬ȥϽ̫ƽЦ
û⡣ͷôȸˡ
á̫ƽ˼ˣصԼķʱҳö·ȴûһ̫ƽġ
ĺ߹Цôˣֲȥ̫£ôĴ·أ
̫ƽĺһЦ㲻Ͻ¸أǴϣҪȥϽ
ĸϽɣҪȥȸϽϽڱ߹𣿡ĺɴһ
㣬²й¶̫ƽɫ˵
֪ˣū澱ضؿƿġĺͷ
̫ƽЦˣȥõ̲Ʒ
Ҫ̲ƷϽ𣿡ĺһ
㰡ôôࣿ˵ˣϽǴϣԵ̲ƷǺ岻ãôս̫ƽҡҡͷȥɡ
Ȼ̫ƽó˼ľżˡ
ĸľżˣȸ÷ݯɺ
һĿڣ̫ƽԶûĥ


749 ȸ

̫ƽʱġ
ʱĶˡ
̫ƽģȻܿԼǰĸĸ磬ǿЩż͵ǿˣ͵һ룬ֻû뵽Ҫȸˡ
ʱܱѾ˱߹أǡҢٰȸһֱǶⱧûгˡ̸ˡ
ܱζӺҪȸӺܾɾǣ󹦳Ȼв͵óţһ̫ܼ࣬ģ
ܱ˼ĳ裬Ӻɱ
ɱôܱɱӺ
Ӻ£Ҳм
ܱȰ˵Ӻͷˣܱȥסȸȸڸʲô
ܱѾԼµȸܲǱˣΪܱȥҲٰˣǼٰģǲòʾˣ뷽跨ƾܸ˭棬й¶Լʵݡ
ӺǰȸصĺܺãôʿȸӪկܱȥ߳ȥɲѽңһʿ׼ȥǽȥסܱˡ
ҢڴϣԼϣǳ꣬ϾҲܳȥӾڼһǲܵˡ
˭ҢӦԪ̫ƽأ
һ׷ȻҢʹҲܷˡ
աݣ÷š
̫ƽСׯϡ
ȻǴкܵ͵˺üСӣ̫ƽ˺һ߽Сׯġ
һ򿪣̫ƽͿȸׯȻվţһѳͷڸأԭһ졣ȸѾԺСϣСѣвס
ܰЩ˻Ĳݵض˲ݣĵΪҲȸڣǻ̫ƽδõء
ҲǷǳȸϽǶ˳ʳ
ȸЦǶչ˵ĺܺãҷǳмҲǶʲôʳֻϰˣ˿ǿ˵ģһûиɻӹǾˡ
̫ƽȻ˵˭˵ģȥҲǱչŵѵڱ߹ر˼꣬ȥҲһӵܡ˼ֻߣȥһ㶼Ѿˣںˣ
ȸһ̾˿˵λؾܹɣ벻ܹҵĹȥ˽⣬ȷȥҲǸ˼ҳֻǣ׺ɣ˷ǣȥʲôأ
̫ƽЦһ׺ɣ˷ǣȥ޶ôĸ飬Ϊ˸ֿԵˣδˣ
̫ƽ˵Щʱ򣬾ȻЩ
һܹ֪˵ʲôʲô𣿡
ҵȻ֪øϽΪΪϧһУļأļȴΪȫ˲صĴۣѵôҪ𣿡
˱Ҫ棬ͱ˳صļѹȸ
ֻǣ֮ǰȸûȫף񾭹̫ƽһ˵ȸƺγѡ
ǰĵŮɫ壬գǧȾ֮ס
̫ƽȥȸȸȻãǰʲô̫ƽȸŮ
ȸ۾ϸĿ̫ƽȻƣ˵ҲЩСҲ񡣿ǵһ˰
ҲԣȸԳһЦǲɵˣ̫ƽôأ
ֻ̫ƽǲ̫ƽղ˵ĻȷǾ£ӲһЩȸȴǳм̫ƽ⡣
ܹ˵öԡǶԲˣʱԵĻһúϧǣһ»ӡȸ̾˿˵
ӣ벻Ͻ˴뱲ˣ뵽Ľķӱܡ̫ƽȻЦ
һܹڻûϽ֮ǰǶϽǳݣһ׼һҪϽȥôԲأ
̫ƽЦŶҲ˸Ͻء
ĺæȻиϽ·ʳҶֻǣ£һӣǲ֪װʲô
ȸæ˵ܹ֪Ϊ̫£ǣʲôȱ޹»ûаܹʲôôصʵǰ첻
̫ƽЦ㻹ǽܰɣΪ׼ģΪ̫£ҾãֻϽܵ´δ
ȸһܹȷʵˣҲҵ˲Ǵϣ
̫ƽ·ûһȡǸӡ


750 ŷ

أȸˡ
ĸľżˡһľż˳øȸƣɼĵ̵ģ·Ҳһ
ȸ۾ʪˣסĸľż˵ܹΪʲôҪҿЩǴõģ
ϲĻ͸ˡ̫ƽʵǰѣ̵ģתġ
ԭһԼλŮȸĴˣȻ̲͡סһ䣬ֹֹס
̫ƽҲˡ
̾˿˵Ͻڰ
ģûʸñ˽ڰǡ˾˵仰ֵȷԿήˡ
ҲȸϾ곤ˣСǰ޵ϡﻩģǶ˵¡ԣȸ侲֮󣬾ֹͣ˿
лܹ룬ѣһˡȸ˲۾˵ֻǣҵ·ʳҶգ⼸Сˡ
̫ƽЦϽϽǾչ˲ˣĶ㲻ˣ
ܹˣΰңҷǳм㣬ν޹»Ƕ֪ôأҽĺ⣬ټϣչѾܺˣÿҲԲġȸæ͵
ҸĶһЩʳ㣬ʲô֮¾Ϳˣģǲһġ̫ƽ͵
Ц콫֪һ֮ˣⶼܹһƬ⡣ǲˣͻܹѹġ
ȸȻ˵ˣҾ°ɣлˣܹ̫¶Ǻˣгһգĳһ𡣡
ֻҪչ˺ԼǱˡˣٹôûй̫ƽ
Ȳ衣
鵢ˡһᾡģʱݷܹ㡣ȸչЦˡ
زأڲߣʱһǵģǲóȥһ̫İš̫ƽȸˣĪأԼҲˡ
֪ˣлܹȸЦȻֻǵһ棬ǣȸ̫ƽȴǳˡ
˵ллôģ´Ҿˡ̫ƽֵ
Ҳҡܹﰡȸȴû˵һ仰̫ƽȸŮöð
ʵ̫ƽȷͺȸŮһɰ˵ֱӣ͸Źɽ
ȸȻֻ̫ƽһ档ȴѾ÷ǳˡ
ŷҸϣŷװһţڻյ
ԭ߹Ϣˣ˵ΪһɳջûˣϰҲ֪١
ѾȷԪ߹ˡ
ڣǰǵ·ϡ
ŷĿϬԪֻСꡣŴ˵㲡ˣԭȥ߹ˣ֪ϻ᲻ʰ㣿
ŷȴ̾˿˵סʱӦ̫ڸߵ
ŷ׺˿ڲ裬˵Сӣǲִˣ˵ҪȻһߵôȻҵ͵ˣ϶⡣
ŷƲƲ˵ף۹ⲻҪôãɲԣʲô㿴ˡӶûӰ˵꣬Լ˱衣
ϧˮĽŷ䱻ʪˡ
Сʲô˵ˣ˻Ҫӣŷ׿ŷҲ˳ۡ
УοˣҲ֪ҸܵĹϵ죬ӴӺܳʱ򣬾Ȼʮ˻ӿˡŷ̾˿˵
ʲôˣж˵ʲôŷ״һ
ס˵֪ܡȻ͹ЦˣҲ֪Ҫʲô⣬ҲøײҪ̫ߵˣһǵ˵أŷ̾
СңҰ˵ҾͰ̫֮˵ŷֱš
ף̫֮ʲô°˵˵Ҷ֪ŷ̧ͷǳ֡
ôȻ֪ˣǣǾӲҵ۾ģҸ㣬̫ӸͲ̫ģʮ˻ġŷЦ
ŷһף˻棿
ȻŷЦԣԼһ١
ŷ˶ȣNɪߣҾ˵ˣҲвŷңҲԼʲô
ŷ״ŭ㻹҇NɪѾ֪ԺҪˣܶϾøɸɾ
ŷ죬֪ˣܣˡø˵Ҷӵˡ
Ѿӣ㰮Ҫµ̨ùˡŷѵ


751 񶾼ƻ

˵ţѾˣʱׯţү๫ոڳ˺춹⣬֪λҪҪƷһ£
˭֪ŷȻȻŭӣȴȥ£ҵ档ԺҪ֪޳ܡ
ǵģ๫ֻ㿪һ£˵þûгԹ춹ˡѾżˡ
ģʲô˫ٵģļ¡ô춹⣬Ժˣŷˡ
๫ѾίضҪˣΪʲôʲôȲЩݺݺġ
ŷװοҪޣƢ˺춹ùɡԣҳԡ
лүѾ
춹˹ˣִֺ󣬿֪Ѿġ
ŷ׳һ˵ͷ˵ζһҹ㣬ζѾǺˣҲ츳ˡǸŮӡ
лү佱ֻǿϧˣٴҲס๫ģһŮ˵ѾʧˡѾɫ١
㲻Ҫ룬Ҳ㲻ܵõġܵõŷҳģ˵ҲһõĶϱҲǺѵõġŷ׸Ѿ
лүҡѾЦ
ɣԺ춹ҳԣҰζˡŷ̾˿˵
õġѾ˲ᣬ۾ġ
ʱС˽ôأԭѾĺ춹ѽžͺóԡ
ŷЦֻСôζŵˡҿΪζİɣ
Ѿһ䣬ʮ̫̫
СѾŷ׵Ķʮ̫̫ˡ
Ѿ벻ƣҲôãĽСЦ
ʮ̫̫ˣĻʲôգ֪ĳոӺáѾҲЦˡ
Ů֮䣬˵ҲǴŴ̡
˵ʲôͲáڻûһ٣үԹء㣬үָÿ춼Ҫ춹⣬ĽˡСЦ绨
ѾѧѽŷЦǺǵؿĺܺáϸƤСġ
ѽѾѾͻ𣿡СѾЦ
Ȼߴͽֻ̣໥д衣˵ҽ̣̫ˡѾЦ̫⡣
ңҲѧᣬһһԵģΪ˸үҲóԵġСŷ׵Ĵϡ
𡣡ŷŤСĵĴһ£Цˡ
Ѿ֪ĳϿ϶ʺټȥҪҽ뿪ŷȴЦߣС˵˵ȥ鷿أµ˱û
˭֪Сһˣү˱С¡㽻ˣαҪԿأ
㡭ŷСĵ°ͣ˵ôСö𣿡
ôͲˣûԹСľ첻˵
ҲУһɡǣŷ׺СˣְѾƲˡ
Ѿһӵĺ춹⣬ɢأǣȴû˳ԣ̲ס
ΡѾġ
ֻǿϧˣѾⱲΨһһΣôŬֺñˣȴò˵һͺ͸ж
ѾЩˡ
ԴѾĸѾˣͺ˴ۿһҶĸԶС
ѾôβܵذԼͽŷĻ޽ŷңΪ٣ܹһЩˡ
ңѾԼŷѾġ
˭֪ŷѹ͵Ѿǿ˵ˣÿİһķѾԴѾŷŷûѾһΣοˣ
ԣѾӹԼλĻᶼûУܲأ
ŷΪʲôҪңһڵġѾȻܣѾִΪûܣŷͲô顣
ܺã
УѾͲµˣոĺӵĹ졣
Ϊϴϲʹͣȴеúܵ͵ҲôƵģСģҲûбŸȥϿƺͲǻϵƵġ
ղţŷŷ׵죬ѾҲһЩ
ŷ˵ܵӣӦòӺġ
ѾͲµˣӿŷġ
ãҲʣҪҶ㲻塣Ѿ΢΢һЦ۾¶˵⣬ʱһƻ
ãСľѾ˵ŷףԸ˱СĴˡ


752 ʹ̸

ŷǲСҲģϾСĻʮꡣ
ôСһŮӣֲǴ˼ҳܶ˱־мƻˡ
ǣŷϲˣҲϲСôģŷ׺Ժ١
νϡΪŷ׶Сĵر谮ԭˡ
С˵Լ˱ʱŷ׿̵Сģȷɵġ
ֻǣΪ̫ϲˡŷѡԸСġ
Ͼŷ״ûгԹôϸƤŮӣʸпǾŷףŷղܣֵġ
ŷ׿ɲһӱãСġ
ŷ׾ԼСĴô࣬Сֶʲôأŷ׷ǳƿصġ
ŷǾ벻Сʵ̫ƽĸСΪ̫ƽӽŷ׵ģ˱Ҳ̫ƽСĵ
Сȡŷ׵ΣȫСĵƣԼСĵļװ
Ȼˣ˵˭ȥװͻţЩװȥССװر񣬾ŷ׶Сƭˡ
£Ϊ˲һЦŷ׾ȻӦԺļ˱Сר̹
ʱ̫ƽڻʹԼ̫ŷѩŷѩˡ
̫㼸ҪңʵҶ֪ȥҲ׷ˣֻѡһȥŵ鷿һھȥ߻ϣĺӲ̫ӵġ̫ƽĿϬЦֻ·̫ѡɡ
ŷѩһ̫ƽǺܶŮӣ벻һֱң֣ôҪҰŵ̫ӵ鷿ݺ̫ӣǣˣʲôô
̫ƽƻֺ֪ûôǣ຦ȡᣬ㲻òѡˣ㻹ԻţҿԱ֤㻹ԻţʱԴףԴ˸ԼλȥǰǸĸˣ㻹ܻ𣿻ʼԸɾһǷǳصģ֪ġ
ŷѩϣ̫ƽ˵ĶǶԵġϵ⣬ΪӶŤ̫ƽһ̫ݶˣҵѾˣΪԸⱳ̫𣿻Ϊ̫ӴûۿңΪʲôҪң
ҲΪң㲻ңӺҡһûҪ̫ƽЦɻŷѩ԰һζƵϣ˵ҪӺҵģǣӬ޷ĵΪʲôҪӦأҲʲôö
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Ͼŷѩȷǹݺ̫ƽˡ
֮ǰŷѩΪ̫ƽ֪
˭֪̫ƽ֪ˡŷѩΪֻ֪ûнҷˣһֱС͵ˣȻ˽ҷŷѩȻġ
̫Ǹˡ϶֪ôѡȻ飬㻹ʲôһ˻ʵۡΪʺ²ĺӵĶ𣿡̫ƽһʣ׵ŷѩѹ
԰Բʵ۵ģҪȻҪ˵ŷѩˣŹŷѩĺ
ŷѩɫ˱仯̫ƽЦ鷿ȻȥҪô󱻴֮Բ¡ΪĴ׶й
ŷѩӹƾʲô㣿һӲţɱأ
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˵ҲӦøʮ˻һ𣿿㲻ףȥʮ˻ӶҺܺõģСĺǻԴ˺֮ʮ˻ӾҲˣˣѾʧ͸ˣҲκһˡŷѩʹ
˵˲ãҲûкõȥ̫ƽЦתҪߡ
ŷѩȻס̫ƽ˵ô޹ģҽģ㲻˺ӵģ𣿡
̫ƽ˵֡㲻ᱣӣȻҲҲ˵Ҳᱣúӡ
̫ƽˣֱֱͦģһ
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753 

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̫Ӣ䣬ĴҪǰأǻԽԽæֻҪĵĵ̫ƽˡ̫ƽҡҡͷЦ
ֻҪžͿܹҵȷǷңҺº£Ϊ̫̫ˡüë˵
̫ıʲôƻ͸¶ˡʲôû˵ҲûлţĿľΪ˸һϲѽ㲻ҪԼŻԼˡ̫ƽΪȻ
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Ȼˣ̫ƽҲ˯ˡ
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̫ƽ˶˵ǲˣ


754 ī

ǵģС㣬˺һˣū澴ӳĳʳ˹ˡĺЦ˵С㣬ū澸ˮȥ
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ĺЦСˣǺܲúܲõΡΪСһֱ˵λ
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ԭ̫ƽīˡ
īܣԭҹʣɽ죬ǹˡ
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īǻĿĶ̫ƽõģǣôȴ̫ƽʵʵڵõ˵ġ
̫ƽûʸȥһԼõˣֻĿĵĺá
ô̫࣬ƽرϧ˺֮ദīֵ̫ƽɡ
Ȼ̫ƽҲڵīһ죬īͨˣܹϣ̫ƽһԭīġ
̫ƽҲóīпԵġī̫ƽĸ飬˼ٵĳɷ֣ҲǶ顣
һ仰ī̫ƽ飬̫ƽܿó
ֻҪ̫ƽīʲôʱԶī㡣īûлʲôֽţûӺī㡣
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Ҫū˵Ƿٺÿǹ㳤úÿʲôķϹﶼһ˶īһЦ
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̫ƽҪīĽͲûеȵģȴֻīܵĿ佱αĿסܲʧأ
ĺѾųԵĽˡ
̫ƽ꣬˵̫һЩ㣬࣬Ѿˡī㣬ȥоһ°ɣҲһЩϸңˣܾñϲ㡣
īϲõģūȥоҪж١
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ĺȻ˵ϣһֱ̫µ֣̫³ҪҪūȥ鿴һ£
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755 ȷ

Ȼȥ߹ػؾǵЩСС·տˣĺЦ
Щ·ô࣬ô֪̫Ǵһ·̫ƽʡ
֪ڿĻֻ߰ĺ˵
ǣһ·ʱ̫ʹͷ߹ȥأûһ˫۾ôſùأ̫ƽҡҡͷ
С㣬ʱôɰɣĺɺٺһЦ
Ҹ˰̫ƽ̾˿˵żǴžˡ
ūǲūС̫ÿ춼ôżﶼں̫֣ū澵Ŀ۰ĺ˵˵ţ͸ˣ۾ԵþӨ͸
㲻üһô졣ҪˡȰ˰ɡôˣɲΪһ˶˹ꡣ̫ƽµ˵
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Ĵڲ䣬ڽϣ˵˵˪ûпһ˿һѩ
ϱСӣͥԺɹ̫
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ǣŷɳɱ֣ھǸŵĸֻҪԪһԪġа
Ԫ֪ˣŷ׾ͳȥһʴһС
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˵ˣԪ̫ƽǳġ
˻ỳԪزǣ̫ƽԲᡣ


756 

Ԫܹ뾩ǣͲܹʵԪĿ꣬ԣǣԪһҪȥġ
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Ҳһѽϲ˯ӲͷһҪġѽÿûƵζšҾ˯š˿ڲ裬ٺһЦ
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ܰɣҴСﳤԶرϲȥñͲͷ
ɱèˡԪЦ
ģģèôôأҿ˲١Ц
ҪأѵɽկȱٳԺ𣿡Ԫһ
ɽկﵹǲԲȣֵԼֵأԲģɶҲȱżǻɽٸƶաظ˵ǰΪǲ׼ġ
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֪ôˣӦô򡣡Ц̫£أǺһ˯
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757 ҹɫ

ɽĿ𣬴ϢԪþûŹˣԼҲľɽƽܹ̫ƽһסҲǶôõѽ
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¹ͬһӴɴ͸ԪȻ֣һ򶼲ôžµˣһֺӡô˴ɴ
ūŸŵģɽկﶼˣʲôŮˣⴰɴƺǵɫģŮ˸Ūģ⾿ôأ
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٣˰ɣЦ̫Щ꣬һ̫ൽ̫ջҵҲջ˰飬ŵģҲԶԶعϲ㡣
л㣬ҵĺѡֻѼǲӦдģ˵ǲǣԪתͷȥϬĿ⣬ھϡ
ǵģر۾̾˿˵֮ġЩ鲻֪̫кô
ҪҴˡ֪ⴰɴ˭㻻ģԪżɽ
̫¹۲ÿϸ۾
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ʾȴҶ˵˿͸¶Ůӵ˼
ӾʲˣֻԪԼȥѰ࣬ʱִ٣죬ԪҪɽˣԪܼʱҵõ
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Ѿ˯ˡԪɫ
Ǿͻ˯šȾơ˾׺˯ʲôնǣһЦ
ֻʱǷհˣķգûн֮ǰҽǲҪǣǻȥˣҪȻƽֻ˰ˡԪԽ˵Խء
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ġԲƭҡüëĵ
ƯŮƭˣѵ㲻𣿡ԪЦ
ƭ˵ģΪһУңܴõʲôأѵһ𣿡Ц
ûĿģأԪЦ


758 կ

Ц̫£֮Ĳޣկկôˣ㶼֪ΣܹͻҵĲߣȡҵΣɼֵΡ
ǿɲһб֪㣬Ϳ㡣ԪЦûбöԷ֪ˡ
̫˼ǡоңӶ֪ҵ㣿Цܡ
ΪʲôԪЦ
ҡҡͷ˵˵ᣬԲܼӺҵġ
ҲαװġԪЦ㡣
ġȻ޷ܣ̫¡һˡĲˡ
ңҿ˲֪ǲǵңһῴ˵ġԪε˵
ǣ뿪ˡ̾˿˵
ʲôҪŻ˵ʲô£ԪԵ÷ǳ衣
ûʣҸɣҲΪȻ
̫˰ɣǲʶáԪѵ
ܶãʱ䲻Ǻٵı׼ЩʶһӶమЩమֻһ͹ˣظ˵̫֮£Ըϡ
˵ԽԽˡԪЦ˲裬òᶼ̵İɣ
¶ˣ̫£ȷ̽еġһܶ¡ҲܶصĹҾⱲûźˡ˵óθͶ˺ܶࡣ
𣿱һûźҾ仰Ҳ˵ԪȡЦЦ
̫ҵĶⱲԶǰеһλģǳ㣬ˣ֪ûбˡҲֻˡе˵
ôô˵أ㻹կôֵܣǶ㰮ģҲǰġôᶼأԪ̾˿˵Ϊ֮󣬾ˡ
̫˵Ķԣҵ˺ܶ࣬ҶҪϧġ豭ò豭ǵס
ȻҪϧҲҪϧЩֵܣ;ܴһϸկ?կԼġ𣿡Ԫ˵
̫£ҿԱ֤ԲǼϸҲǳִ
ұ֤ʲôأܹʲôأİҷʹҡԪ˵
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ôأƸȻҪԼܱʾҶĳ⡣ŵڷ
ˣҲϣճɼҡҸùһӡԪҡҡͷչǾˡ
ˣԵһΰˣִ̫šð˾һˡ
̫ǿ˯𣿡˸Ƿ
ȻԣֻǵҰⱭȺԪЦ㶼˺üǷˣȥ˯ɡ
ԪˮʱȥԺһȦգ÷ǳ⡣
̫ƽ֪ڸʲôһ졣ܴסϼͺˣݣ࣬ԶȾǴլסԪ
ȥ˯ʱѾ˯ˡ˺ࡣ
Ԫûþ˯ˡ
ڶկͷǳóԣԼֵʳԼԴĶ⡣
ˣȥǲˡ
ʱһ»Ԫ죬⻹Դ˼Σ书
Ȼˣˡ
Ԫ˵书˲ˡ
ȥ书¡ڡԪ̾˿һþ
ⲻǺõİ顣õİ飬ֻ˽
æ˵ҵ书û˲̫£书˺ܶ࣬ԡ
Ԫ̾˿˵ǷǳİˣҰ书˲ͷϣԲԣ
ͷûзϡ
ǣҪǣİ㣬һӰҵԪ̾˿˵ˣڸ˵Ϊʱ硣ҽ뾩˵ɡ
õģ̫ʿ׼ˡһѾ뾩ǣӦ߻һˣ̧εʽװ̧ȥֻǽƱ侲˵
֪侲ͻúܺã岽ҾͲˣôôԪ˵ͷ˵
л̫µΣһЦ


759 

ʱǣѹ
̫ƽѻһš
ȥɣѻ֪һʤεġ̫ƽѻĳЦ
Цݣֱѻˡ
Ԫ̫ƽѻ
ȻԪڣǣԪõѡҲõİ֣ѻǣ̫ͨͨƽ
һǹ̫ƽ߹غ䣬·;ңԶԪҲѻͬȥԲ
Ȼѻţ鷿˳ͷˡϢˮ©
ã鷿š
дľı顣
Ȼ̫ƽݺıֻƾһš
ᵽˣڳǶ˴Ϊľһıʱõϡ
ϿŵȻǲȻŭΪֽ֤޷ɡ
Ψһɵ˭ͽģҪ֪鷿ǳ˻ϵܹ֮⣬˽Ҫϵյ㣬˭ôһŷأ
뵽ԼţǼ̫඼йˣǲǴʱǴӶţǷŵġ
Ȼ벻ŵģʵˣѻ
˭ŵģŵѾûŭɶ
ҪȥѲ飬󾿾ûı
ϲɵӡˣ׼ʲô鲻ˡ
ϾͻϮ
ʱ̫Ӷܲѹ֡
ڵϣŵӡ
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ԼǾĸӡ
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ͬʧȥʬ⣬ҲûɫԼԺļŮӣҲʧȥ顣
ԭһ˵飬ĻΪһ˵ȥġ
ֱ֪ԼҪԡֻǣ̾ϢΪʲôŵʱûкúõТ˳
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ԭպ̫ŷѩֳˣûӮܹ޿ص˵ŷѩжôôĿɶҪΪ
ͷ˵һŮˣ㶼Ըˣʲôã
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ǷˣȻôŷѩҸһҩȥˣˣ˵
ջΪڿЦԼظ˵áֻҪһҩȥŮˣ
˭֪Ȼͳһҩݹȥ
ô𣿡
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ҿûнȥŷѩҪ⣬ҼסˡҪƵϡ˵
ǣŷѩ̫ҲӦãȡˡ
ŷѩصԼ˯еӤֳƽɫ
ⱲӣȻò˵İ컹ʹһӤչ黹Ǵ
أŷѩҡ
ԴӣŷѩȻ˹
ȥΪŷѩĲ谮ŷֻǰһĹߣǺڰģģǰ·ֻǱ˰ŵߡ
ǺӤ֮һˡϻһСҪҲ˵ҪС
ףνİ鲻໥Ҫȴ˵Ӥϵõˡ
Ҳ֪̫ͬƽķԸǸ鷿ζʲô
ˣ̫ܹõȥ
̫ƽνһֻǿտڰ׻ˣǷŭˣȻ̫ƽٴʲô취ܾ
񵱳ѣ̫ƽҾȲˡ
ŷѩҲףҲΨһܹӤİ취
󲻵̨ͻλλˣôŹӤأӤⱲӵ۵㣬Ҳһǡ
ԣŷѩȥðգʯ٣ֻΪʮ»̥ƴһµĺӡ
ȻӣڴʱģǶŷѩ˵ȷĴڡ


760 ѩ

뵽ŷѩ˾ӨᣬḧӤӣ۵񻨰һۡ?
ԲˣӣһˣϣúûȥҲҪһȥ»׻ףһƽ˳졣ŷѩ˵꣬Цˡ
ΪĺӶǶôҸ鰡
ŷѩ֪Ϊ̫ӵ̨֮󡣲Ƿ߹أΪ̫ҲȻܵǣǣôԼС¶أ
ǡʱϽԣСﲢ̫ӵأ
ԣŷѩһΪʼϴ۵㡣
ֻҪŷѩɱˣϾͻϢŭӶŹԼΪǲ̫ӵӣǻϵӡ۵㣬ֻǣĺӡ
һ紵˽䡣
˽ڵ˵ŷѩҸˡ
ŷѩЦҪң㻹䡣
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ŷѩЦǸʲôȴһ֪ΪܲܳΪ̫Ķǡ
ֻǣռȻ붾ҩŷѩҲ붾ԼģΪʲôƺȥأ
ҲղôԼӶûϢŭ
ãҴӦ㣬ҽһ߰ɣҪҵĺ˵仰ŷѩ侲һָĴݡ
մһŷѩҪʲô
Ų㡣ŷѩźӣٲա
ŷѩҿɸ㣬ǲһа취ģߣҶŶûСշˡ
Ȼŷѩţ͸̫ƽ̫ƽȻҪأǣ̫ƽƷġһҴҵĺӵġ
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֮£ĪǻӵȥأŷѩЦ޷ֻҪҵĺܺúûȥҪʲôԡ
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̫ƽڵ١ͬڵصĹ顣
ǡ̫ƽ۾ȴ¶һһ򶨡
ڵһӣɢ貵Ĺâ
褺š
һˣ褺Ĳ裬Ҳˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ܵܣȲٶȾȻҵٵٶһģһĬ
Ϊ£еңҶ褺̾˿˵㣬㾿ôˣģȴ̾
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ѩʲôֵأĻȻѩһ㣬ǹѩҲȤѽ褺Ц㣬Ҳһѩûйϵ
褺ôض̫ƽˡǣ̫ƽûκЦ⣬ǳ鶼鶯һ¡
褺ʧ˵㣬ĺý㣬ˣ͸ҸӣЦһЦ³ҹ˶Ҫ㿴ڶˡ
̫ƽȴʣһֵĹ꣬ϧ꣬עǲͬѰһꡣ
ý㣬˵̫꣬»ʲôأ褺ԪΪᵽԪ̫ƽЦ褺Ȼǲ֪ԪͲھˡ
˭֪̫ƽǳˣüëš̫̫¡
㲻ϡ̫ϡ̫ȥһֻãҵڶء褺Ц
̫ƽЦ궼̫Ŷʩܸи
褺ý죬̫ƽ̫ˡ
ʱĺɹ̫ƽߵ˵ǴӶܳһ֣˵̫һҪ
̫ƽͷһ褺˵õܵܣ߻е£Ȼȥɣһҹǵˡ
Ǵʮţҹʮԡ˼ңһ쿪ʼԡ
еģСʮĵʱ򣬾Ϳʼԡ
褺ˡ
ŷѩһ͹˵ϣ˵ܹū֪ʲô̫֮䣬Ҫɱһū¼ˣ̫ҪūֽܹģܹȾ̫ɣ


761 ҹ鶫

ǵ㣬ɫˮһֻźˮʱʱķ£ƺʱ̷˵ʯͷɶΧŵٵ裬˵
̫ƽüĿ㣬ݰףͷһ٣һ֧οձӻӣǱɴӡɫ˿Ĺӣࡣһīɫĳ´£һɫ
ϰһݵ顣ԱߵĽɫοʨ¯ð̣ɢ̴Ϣ
̫ƽƽذſˣ˵̫Ϊ˱ȫԼĺӣµĲѵļƲߡΪ̫롣ұסĺӡǺҲ²⡢ġ
ΪʲôΪʲôᷢأѵܹﶼܾ̫һ𣿡̫ʹ
Щ̫ˣǣ壬ֻһССһգʲôأ̫ƽ̾˿˵ȲҪضˣ̫˼ʱ̫ĺӣһҪúð󡣡
⡭̫軹ͬģ塣
ҹˣһ˸㰲һ䷿䣬ס£̫˵Ļ㲻ҪٸκˣҪȻҶס̫Ķӡ̫ƽв
֪ˣܹ̫軹Ǻܺðġ
ʱϽܰ˵޸ܣ˵̫ı췴֤ݾǳһĴȥ޲鵽֤ݡ
֪ܰ󣬵һӦǸˣҲ˵ãȥΪ˵˵ʻ᲻أ˵̫Ӹء
֮ܰ˵Ϊѣ»̽ܰǲǶ
Ҫ֪󡣿ǻϷǰ̫ӣŻĲ⡣
ǻϵ˼
ôԼԼȥԼԲ̫أ
ԣܰһ뵽ģǻ̽ԼˣܰΪ˵
֪ΣҪˣ
˻϶ܰȻΥԼ˼˵ʾ޽ȥȥʲôʲôʱҲѧĻôˣ
ʣϾȥܰЩˣʲôҪϵ
ȻѾıĵزˣѵ𣿾ʲô鲻Ѿûϻˣ̫λʮа˾Ҳˡ
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Ȼǰ黢ѲⰡܰĺ󱳲ɵ˲亹
žֻж滹ڷ
ɽˮˣһƬüžҹҡҡλεĴӽ߹Ȼʧ
Ժ˯ˡ
ҹֻ뿴ǡڿǵĹ˯ˡ
ܰ˽ûһΪܰǽһлϵ͡
Ҳ˵ˡô˲֪أ
Ȼ֪ͨˣԵòŲæģ
ǻʵô࣬Ҳаʾ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
ȴµ˹̫ӵ£ôǸܰ治֪ôȻҴǶҲҪѣƫѣ˵Ǹʵ˼̫ӣ㻹ȥܹ𣿡
ʶȥˣȥѰɡҶûʲôѵóġ󵭵һЦ
Լûı£ѵóʲôأڶܼصģҲ˵˭ܹ߼޻߼޻ġ
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Ҳ֪ѽտɥ˵ԲŹ̫һȥһ
̫ӣ㲻ˣѾˡܰ¶˽ȻһԿףǸղҵŽ棬鷿ѳļԿס
⴮Կײҵġ˵ûЩԿס
̫ӣȻǴӶѳģ㲻Ҳеġܰ̾˿˵
Ŷô죿󱳹ȥԿף˵ʲô
ȥ濴һܲЩԿ׽ıʵ˸ʾٱ˵˽˴ıȥġܰ̾˿˵ôĿԴɡ
Ѿ˲õԤУҴû
̫ӣһȥɣõʱ㲻ϡܰ˵ҲǷ˸ʵ˼


762ĸ޽

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Ȼ鷿ֵԿףȻҹѲ飬һж͸һ죬Ҫ󣬶ϣѾˡ
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һֲõԤͷϣѹ󴭲
ȻЦܰҿԸһȥ׼һ¿𣿡
ܰһ׼
˵ͷ˵ȥҵŮУҵĶӡ
ܰ۾ʪˣ̫ӡ㣬ɣ
ռˡ̫ӣʲôѽҪŮͲܵٿΪʲôһҪڿ
ûлشתˡ
æ˹ȥ̫ӣΪʲôشҵĻΪʲô
˶˵գҪסһᷢʲô¡ֻгһиûϵ
ʲôйϵûϵģҷҾ£ʲôˣѽੲݵ˵
ٲشˣ߹ȥסԼŮġ
ΨһĹ⣬һҪúõıӡ˯Ů
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ˣΪʲô֮ǰûкúõŮ棬ûкúõıŮûиŮ˵仰
ֻһŮ赽ļȥһϸĸףҲȨʲôʲ̫ˣ
ǣжô룬һŮԼ׵֣ûнŮ
˯һɣ֪ϲ˯ǲܹ˯ϳʱ˯ô㣬Ŀ֡ȻΪᡰȸþһȥŮ˵
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̫䣬ŷѩھǰǰһѾǻġŷѩһֱţûȣҲûе
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ŷѩЦҲڲᶯ֣ԺأԼĶӣܱ֤һӲ𣿵ҲûãⱲӵ۵㣡
ˡ
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մԭݺ̫ӣ㰲ʲôİ̫̫ôã㲻֪ж㻹Ӻ̫ӣ̫˵Ӳ̫ӵʲô˼ѵ㱳̫ӣͱ˽ͨ
ŷѩû˵ֻǲ˲ӵ
Ҳ߽˵һǵãճʱҷǳҿЦұЦڻҶҵŮҲҵӣҵȷͶ˸
ŷѩЦ̫ӡôһˡȻܹȥǱڴڵغ˹ȥ
һգǲ⣿
ǵģ̫жտŷѩѪŵס죬ǣ̫֪ⱭжģԼҪɱҵ£ΪȥģΪȣŰѶҩģ
ŷѩˡ
ܰ˽̫̫ӣôҲøһʹһŷһ
պ¼ˣŷѩҪɱΪʲôԼɱƫƫҪոĶҩɱⲻǷҪһ
˭֪һе̫ҩģΪ̫ظҵĻʵ˺ӣʵ߸ʣŸʲΪӵģǣ˶ѾˣҲʼ档
סˣ̫ӡ
ЦգҲΪ㣬ֻϣܹΨһĹ⣬ӦҺ𣿡
ռˣҡӦ㡭
ô̫ӣȥɡܰŷѩ̫ҽһˡ


763 ֮

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̫ƽţ÷˰졣
ĺ߹͹ĵģ̫ƽһæ˵ȳ˰ɣո³¯Ŵױ滹˷ۣϷиԵģҲǴҹҲˣͿһ㣬ЦЦ
̫ƽȴ̾˿˵ҳԲ¡ȳ˰ɡ
ôأϷиԵġū澿ɲҳԡĺæҡҡͷ˵
̫ƽַ°ϣ΢΢̧ͷգã˵ĺɰ֪ҹ̫ˡ
ĺһʲôΪΣʹﻹûϢأô֪ģ
̫ƽЦѻ̫Ľָöָ̫˵Ҫ͸ҵġָ뿪̫֣˵̫˻𣿡
ĺһ淢𣿡
Ҫˡ̫ƽЦɲС£пܽȥһı仯˭ȥضĻ̻̣Ҷ꣬ǣλȴֻһ
ⲻĄ̊́ˣȥģһǵ̫ˡĺЦЦݷǳá
ô֪̫أϵ˼ôѲ⣡˵ˣ̫˭֪̫᲻ᱻݺأôһӱԪˣԪɾͳʸ֮ˡδؾǺأҪ֪ϻʢ꣬һʮĻϵأ˭ܰסôʱһֱ̫أûֹȥ̫Ӷúˣĸк³ԭҲ̫ӣҲǴ̫ӵλģ˵˵̫ӣ˶ǻˡֻ֤ʸ֮İɡ̫ƽ˵
ذūڶˡĺɵһ
֮ûϿô򵥵ġУֻԺҪ˵ˣǺԽģ֪𣿶˭ܽȥǻ˵㣬ǲ⣬ϻûģôܹҴأ̫ƽݺݵĺһۡ
֪ˣū֪ĺͷ˵
ʱѾܰץס˻ʹǰ
ˡ
ܰԿףȻ˵ҵţŴı
ˣı
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ʰ֮λ޴ǣ֪ģԿҲ֪˭ŵģǸʣݺңȴҲҪʵҪǸ㣡
˵˵ôݺأ˵ݺΪʲôԿ׻鷿ϴʵ㵹ǹˣҪ־͹֮ǰѾ̫ˣ㲻֪ˣ
̫ŷѩŵġֱ׳
˵ŷѩŵģŷѩѾɱˡ㲻ҪΪ޲֪ŷѩǱСɱģջͬһĿľıǰĺġݶҪҧˡ
ʣ㲻̫ЦΪʲôҪıѾ̫ˡֻҪ޹Ҿһֱ̫ӣȸʰ֮ȻµľҵĶ
ΪĶӲģҷ̫֮λŸŮĸջͬıͼȡ޵Ľɽ㻹Ҳɹ˰ɣ˵
ǸǿϵɣҲû룬֪Դĸʴ֮󣬸һֱҲǿҲˣ͵һɱˣΪϲļ̳ڳλáЦ
ֱǲ֪ڸģŭ
ʸ˵ǰ̫ӣҲǿͰɱˡЦȥһֱΪܽҵĸǸʶҺãҵڲֻ֪Ǹˡ
㡭ÿ
ʣֻһҪɱҪСϤ㣬һҵŮⱲΨһĹ⣬ҵǸȻģǴһֱҸʱҵŮҪ࣬Ҷи֮飬ϣʿƴǡǲǿѡģǶ޹ġ֮Ҳƣ븸ʳȫݴݣ
㣬˵Щʲôһ
ʣټˣҪȥҵĸˣֻƴҵĺǡ˵꣬Ӿײ˹ȥ
ܰһܹȥ֣֣
Ҳ棬ֱӴӱס󣬡ΪʲôôɵֻҪ̫֮λ޴ûҪɱѽ


764 

þһϢ˵ʣﳼֻһ׵ģı֮⡣븸ʿڸһϣƴҵĺǡ
ڶˣϱϾӣҲ˴ô꣬ôûиأ
ʱʹһ谵պȻ˶ëѩ
ɪķЮŴѩ£ϡõͷӰŵûϻһ¡
ϡСæ·ѩ䣬Ҫעӵ¡
ϿЦСӡޣǲˣ
С̾˿˵ڰ̫ӵѾˡײĻڴûеͷߡ
Ϊʲôղţ޿ˣǸƮƮ˽˵ûɫ
㲻ҪŻūţūССӺµñסͷ
ģģĿˣ㲻𣿡
ϣūȻĵҲҲŻϣǡ̫ӵѾûˣôܹأСӵˣǻǡ
Ҳʲô·Ų£Ҫޡ޽Ӷӣ֪׷ͺڷ֮ࣿϿˣ˶ӶǱ޺ȻӦøˣ޴δ˹
ūף׵Ļ¸˵ģϣ̫ӵѾȥˣԹΪأ塣Сӹ˵
֮ǰޣһҪչ˺ĺӣôںδԹԵ˵
ʱ̫ӵĳտšС˵
ˣӶ£˹ҪΪ޴йܲܰڻԼϣԣȻվͳ˳Ͳ
ʱѾձ֪롣ּϽ
֪Ǻý뵽
ȥ˵Ҳǵ񣬴ʱ뵽ˡ
ǣдšȥŽ˹

̫ź̫ƽ˵̫Ѿˣ̫ĺӱͽͻʹ֪ô
̫ƽο֣㲻ҪģϾǻϲôġūҲô
̣Ƿűˡİ˷ܵĺ
ֵľǸִСУİպӾҲϲȥ棬Ǻ«ԡֱˡ
İյ̫ƽļֽͳˡ
ʲô淨̫ƽɵĶ˻Ϊŵǵǰ
ֻΪŵǽһĻϡһ͹ҳһ
̡ǰӹϰɡΪָָϣһīɫϸѾ׼ˡ
û⡣̫ƽĽڹ
Ϊĵ̫ƽס͡
ŵҲϸ֡
ˣˣΪĵ˫͡
̣ҰѱɡΪ
ŵվһԣѾ˷ָܵס˶䡣
Сĵ㡣̫ƽԥ£˻ΪҪ
ʱһɰģ˻Ϊŵǵ
ͣİպӾĵԺܡ
Сĵ㣬Ҫˤˣ̫ƽѵ
̫ƽӾİյֳ֡
µĽַǷÿӵ϶ź͵
̣Ǻ«Ӿ̫ƽ֣˵
Ǻ«ٳԵ㣬ݶѾˡİһ˵
Ǻ«ûϵ㲻Ǻ«ݲҲˡӾϷ
ĶࡣǳǺ«Եġİղġ
ˣˡ̫ƽЦ˵ҲǺ«Ǿһҷų԰ɡ
˵գ̫ƽӾİȥͷ
Ĵֻͨˮ·صĻͽ˳ǣ̫ƽǺ«֮һ۾ͿһԵ˿ǴϷ˹ϵȻ
ϰ壬ô̫ƽЩĶʵ
һһ顣˿ٿ̫ƽ
İһ֪˲ʵݺݵһ̫ƽ
̫ƽЩԥǰ˿ȷԼĶ
̣ҿⶫֵǮİǰһ̫ƽ˵м䡣
˿򵥵ڴһ֪ʲô߼
Сӿɲ˵˼İյԼĲ·ʱͺ
̫ƽһİ˵û
ģȥĵط䡣
˵գ̫ƽҪǰߡ
λС㣬ҪҿԸۿۡ˼æ
գ̫ƽһӣ˿
ʱ˵ˣյյţҪأ


765 ֮

Ϸȥءԧܹ˵үҪʱϷôȰȰס
̫ƽ·͸˹ȥ
Ѿ˳׼ҪˣϷŹȣԸͣ
񰡣񣬻ͷϣʧ֮ʹǻûʧȥǣǧϸŹȥײѽϷȰ
ʵĸףҲΪ˸ĸģӦסԼıŮϴʱǸûжżǨŭ޹գΣڵϦӲ
Ϸ̾˿˵û²ֻǾȥֻûͬʱǨŭ㣬βȻ˵
ھҪأ˵
ȥҲֹʲô˵ˡճΪ̫ӲҼҲ߶ǲТ˳ŮΪƴֵ㻹бŮжҪչˡϷҡҡͷ˵
ֻ֪޹ġӱҪߣȴ̫ƽסˡ
̫ƽ˸˵ףڿ˵޹ģǲ޹ģôȷ̫Ӻ̫֮һϵûأҲˣ˵̫ȥĶսµģ
㡭ŭɶԼĽ£㲻һ㲻ģżվдҲģԲǹģôôأôĻ
̫ƽЦףԭУս
Ȼˣ͸һ빬ս㡣Ҫȥ̫ƽ
ҿɲأҪȥԼȥ㡣һ˰ץûپ㣬ҲǴģʲôζٳˡ̫ƽ˵
ˣ־Ҫȥ̫ƽܿˣɫȥҲҪңδζǺģҲˣΪûд㸸סһֱƫգ
㲻ҪΪĸ㣬ͿԶҲ񡣡һȥ
̫ƽҪ㡣Ϸ̾˿˵ɡ
̫ƽ߹ίˣסϷ˵˵֪νᴳʲô
㵣Ҳûã㸸׾ƢϷҡҡͷ̫ƽ˵Ρ£Ҳһ㣬Ҹĸ׼ˣ
á̫ƽӦˡ
ûã̫ƽ˯ͷȥˡ
ҹ޺ȻˣԭҽݺȻεĲˡ
Ϊ˶ա̫ƽްҽһֱţ¶ţֻڴҹ졣
򡣡Щ޵ǰ
ôˣﲻؽִ˲˵󴦣һһ
˯ãѾһʱûкúϢˡҪ
˯𣿡ʵ
˯ĺãǲ黹һЩ
У˯˯šüͷ塣
ţ֪ˡһƳѾ˿˷ӡ
Ȼǲµ֢״õȴνң衣
ҩһԵѧͽǸͷԡ
޻ĵضѧͽǽ͡
˷ǳжǰл粴ǵڶܹ
˵ܹҵˣǲɸƵģԺֻ㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ʱԪѾկ˵İ¡켸ҹ˳˾ǣҲûбŷ׵˷֡
ǣԪѻȴˣʵҲͣڳſڣŵ˵ζǺܽš
Ԫ̫ƽ˲û֪̫ͨƽסڿջ
ѻɹ̫ƽ
ˣ̫ƽϲҾ֪ƽġǣʱšûʲôѵ˿硣
󣬹Ȼ̫ƽϣٴαؽΡΪϷǳǹײϵģգϴ͸һ籣
Ͷ·ˣֻɱϣǰһ̫ƽ
̫ƽȻú֡Ҳȥˡ
ϰźЩŮõĹߣֽһأһѼѹһƬѩģͭǮġ
մһϺɫԲ£һͷɾķ٣һīɫԲ壬Ŀʺɫȴ쳣ƽ
벻ǰ˲ĵܵ棬ȴҡΪʲôأ̫ƽվԶԶأȫ롣
ϻʲô̫ƽ벻ͨ𣿡շŮ죬Ц
ҵȷǳ벻ͨΪʲôҶӦ㣬ҸѾϾˡ̫ƽ˵
һ£һӦҵġЦ


766 ͻ̸

ʲô̫ƽһ
Ȼش㣬ΪʲôҲҵĵܵ棬Ϊ֪һһ˽ˣѱˣͲңҲԸҵĺӣǣ̫ƽͲһˣϲӣһ棬һҵĺӾӺġպȻĿơεվ̫ƽ
ԣϣȥĺӣ̫ƽһ
յͷĪǣ̫ƽ㲻Ը⣿
̫ƽƶӾ벻֮ǰңҡ
̫ƽҪˣҺӵĸЦƽʱһҲĲôһӡ𣿡
̫ƽЦ˵ʱ򣬿Ҫĸףȴ̸̸ĸʸ𣿡
պȻͷɢ̫ƽѾûжܸ㶷ˣˡҲٶ졣չ˺ҵĺӡ
˵꣬վվϣѰԼϡ
ɡһӱ߷ˡ
գȻ̫ƽ棬Ծˡ
̫ƽס죬ֱţһšգȻľˡ
̫ƽæ˹Լ˳ȥ
յϵһĻֱ̫ƽ̫ˡ
̫ƽǳգԭҾٻһʴȵĸףû뵽ŹңӲҪôһӰҪǲǣҲóѵġ
˵˵˭˰
һƬͿ
ˣŷѩˣҲˣıɱˡ
ɼˣҲûʲô̫ߵɥ԰졣˰ɥ
Ͼǻ֮ˣϻʹһƬأΪТһ¡
Ϊϲӣѡ˸ˮءΪĹأŷѩҲᡣ
죬̫ƽϷ塣
Ϸʣ̫ƽҪ𣿡
̫ƽü˵ͷ
Ϊʲôȥ㸸飬㲻ȥҪҪأϷҡҡͷ˵
ʱͷϣȥ˶ᱻؽΣҵȻȥ̫ӵѾЩƽϢϵעҲתˣҿԸλ飬̫ӲУҪչ˺ĺӡ̫ƽ̾˿˵빬ҲΪ̫ӡ
ҲǣҲպӣҵŮѽϷ̫ƽҪСġˣþûпԪˣϲỳɵ𣿡
һֱƲ̫ƽЦķ½ûʱȥܿ硣
˵ҲǡϷ˵ͷԸԪá
ģĸ籾´أµġ̫ƽȻҪˡ
ʹϽӼ̫ƽԲֹ
Իϴܴ󣬻ϵԽԽˡ
̫ƽ˵ϡעϢ
Ҫʣ̫ƽϣ˵
ϣŮû̫ƽ˵ŮΪϵġ
˵ǹʲôģֱֱ˵
ײ£˻ϣԭ£⡣̫ƽ˵
ԭΪТмΡЦǹյģһС
Ů֪ǣⶥײϵġĸҪԹϣĸѹһ̫ƽʵԣôǻôǶΪҡΪġ
ڲŻһĺѽЦ㸸̫ʧˣ޲ˣô죿
£Ӷ°˵лģԲԣ̫ƽȴʣһƶ
Ϊݵ޴ӦŹˡЦ
лϡ̫ƽҲЦˣŮи󡣡
̫ƽɲҪôߡ˵
ȻͲ¶ģ𣿡̫ƽЦ
ɱ𲻶ϵĸ޴ñ޶ģûôñơ
ǻϣҪĲΪԼΪ˻ϵˡ̫ƽ򶨣
ΪޣЦ⵹޵ע
ǵģŮΪ̫ӵƽչˡ̫ƽ˵
ⲻ˵ǻӻ޻ϼӿܵġѵ͵ȥ𣿼ֱǺ֡ػˡ
ȻǡȻɻŵչˣǣҲɳҵһūȥչǡ̫ƽСĵ˵
ū޲İϲ֪̫ƽʲô
̫ƽֻ˵ˣԭ̫衣ŮҲ̫У̫ԼĺӣǰίŮȥһš


767 Ԫ

̫Īǲޣ֪࣬ϴΪջ
ǵģϣйĶǵģ˶пܱݺο¿Ӥأ̫ǳĸԡ̫ƽ̾˿˵֮Ҳƣ׼̫Ըɡ
ϴ˸Ƿ˵԰ɡˡٸ̫ƽϻˣɲҪҪ󡣡
лϡ̫ƽȥ
գ̫ƽʹ̫˻ʹ̫ӵӶܺã֪ǵĸĸѾ
̫ƽٺú󣬾Ͱ̫ȥʱȴʮ˻
̫ƽ߹ȥ˵ô˱Ҳûء
㲻ΪˡΪҪ񣿡̫ƽķǳֱӡ
㡭ôĵӰˡŭɶ
Ӿ棬ĲԸϣⲻʲô̫ƽ˵
һϵļⶼڷˣ֪𣿡
ϵȻѾ֪סĴ£ûϻߴ𣿻ϵȻûܶкӡһԼӶϵˣôҶίԴΣǰ;ãˡ̫ƽЦ
ˣô֪أһ˵ġһ˵ġ
㵱ɵ𣿻֪ˣҲóӳô㣬һ㶼̫ӡ̫ƽ˫ֱ˵㣬Ͼ͸ϳϴ󣬱ϾҲǻϵ׶ӣҲ˹㣬ȥֻøʵĺеչ黹ҪеġԾڴˣ㡣
̫ƽˣ˼Ȼȥϴˡ
̾˿˵̫ĻɩȴԼĻɩԲ̫Ӵ磬Ȼ޵ĶӣûĶӡ㲻ǹԳϴ޾Ź㣬Ϊ֪ϣ֪ܸģ޾ͰΪ񣬴ӴԺٲү
ʣʣҾĶӣôܳأ𾪼ˡ
˭޲޵Ķӣ޲ҪĹεĶӡѾˣˣȥŭȥ
ʡչ黹Ǳȥ
ʼң̫ƽȴ˲
ˡıճ
ǻʼˣܻԼ̫
һһڰϣĿǰհ
УһҪܹΪΪ̫ƽϹȥʱȴ֣Ѿˡ
̫ƽȥѡҲɣѾɥȮȥأѵǱ˭ˣ˭ֻɥȮأ
һǱ˽ˡǿɾˣԸģͬġ
Ҳ֪жٰأ
̫ƽԼһ̫ƽҲ׻ôİΪֻһ
̫ƽƲֵȻãʱԿԪˣҲ·ԪĿջ
Ȼ̫ƽ³ȥջ濴ԪδҲ̫ˣǲҲС
ǣ̫ƽĺɺ·ĺ̫ƽѾߵ·ͷ߽˿ջԪķ䡣
Ԫţ̫ƽæ̫š
硣
̫ƽ
˽ӵһ
ˣ㶼ȥˣ̫ƽֵ
˵ôˣûкúչ㡣Ԫ̫ƽ˵
ѻչˣѻҰܴõİֶңʲôָ𣿿磬Һϧġ̫ƽʵô˼˹ӿµˮ
ðǾͺáԪЦ̫ƽ
ʱһֻֻѻɽˣһ׳ëɼı̫ƽչ˵ĺܺá
Ϊ̫һˣôĳչ˵ôأ
Ҫ֪չѻɲףѻ춼ȥģôģȴ˸ɾֻ˵ǹǸѻ඼Ҫܾأ̫ƽôģÿ컹ֹһء
Ԫס̫ƽģ˵̫ƽ˵ˣɵ̫󣬺ʮ˻
ɲҴ򵹵ģԼȡɩۻңǻҲ̵ģΪѾǺܿˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ϧ뿪ʹ֮󣬲֪˭ˣôҶҲ
ˣġԪü
磬ʲôʱȥϣ̫ƽʡ
ûеʱɺ𣿡ԪЦ


768 ܰ־

û̫ƽ̾˿˵ҼˣôˣϽ͵ˣɺȴһֱûòᷢʲô¹˰ɣ
ԪĿϬϵĻɺʱӦǱţѲ
˭̫ƽһ
ԪЦ˵
㵹˵˵ҡ̫ƽ죬ˡ
ԪЦã˵˵ǡһһʮأڱ߹طģ˳
̫ƽ˵ô˵ϲˡˣɺֻ㣬Ž׷ģ
ԪЦϲϲңӰ첻ֻ㡣
̫ƽһЦǵġ˵˵ȥƶˡ
ҿɲƶ죬˵Ļˣ񡣾ǵƣˣһŷ׿϶ҪԸңԣʱܹ֡
粻֣ɬϵȴֻоŻӡϾпϵܰӵ¡̫ƽ̾˿˵ŷ󣬻ṥܰΪܰҲŷ׷ԼƵ۵һϰ
Ԫͷǵ֪ͨܰǡҪ̫ģܰúܡܶҿģȴѾˡ
̫ƽһ˵أ
Ԫһڣ˵֪ܰŷ׵ܡԭؤŷ׵
ؤ̫ƽһ磬Ҵûעؤѵؤа𣿡
Ԫ˵ͷǵġСؤôؤϳôһ¾ʮδظɵùǡ
ؤĻŷףŷ׵ʵȷܴŷ췴Լؤ̫ƽüëǣؤŵİ˭أ
֪ؤһû룬ܰһ֪ԪЦܰһֱڵؤ飬ҲܰóҾʹûȥҪؤ˵ܰܲ𣿡
̫ƽͷ鲻ãϵģȷܰ˵ܰ᲻Ҳǳûʱأ
Ԫ̾˿˵Ҳ֮鰡Ϊӣ˭ʵۡܰҲ⣬Ȼܰƽô͵ʵ۵ӣɶαװģʵܰҲʵ۵ģʵ۵ӺҲֻӺ˵ʵ⻰ġĲκˡ
׵ġӺҪλͿʼˣӺʵﶼʵ۵ģеĿûʵ̾ˡеĿԼʵ躻ޡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ˣ磬ȥܾͻ˻ˣұˣй¶סַ
Ԫᡣ̫ƽĲϣߡ
һٹġ̫ƽЦ
㣬ԪЦҽҲһסģסһطй¶
õġ̫ƽ˵ҪطˣһҪѻ֪ͨҡ
̫ƽˡ
ա̫ƽȥܰ
ܰķ˳ȳӭģ̫ƽҪ֪ͨһҸóȥóԵˣҲ֪ϲĿζ
Ҫô鷳ҶԹˡ̫ƽһЦ
˵㣬Թʲôѽ㻹ҡҡͷЦȻˣԶٷҲ֮飬ƴǾǲˡ
̫ƽΪѵ˵ʵι¡
Ҳ£ǽúþûˣ첻㲻ҲҰɣЦ
̫ƽֻôӦˣˡŵأ
Ŷ鷿æأ̫ƽҪ𣿡Цţ̫ƽãǸϵİײ裬ղģ֪Ʒ֣ƷһƷζôúãٲɹһЩòãûеڶˡ
ȷʵײģɲƾҵϲжҪҪ⣬ҪȻҿɲȡ̫ƽѲһơ
̸̸Ľܿ԰ɡס̫ƽ֣ӲǰѰײһ룬ݵ̫ƽ
̫ƽһڣͷҾü崿ɾٱȲòˡ
ãҾͶһ㣬ôײ裬㶼ȥڸȡ˰Ѱײװá
ҪұɲӰ̫ƽҡҡͷ˵
ܱɲҲҸģ̫ƽòǺϲҼǵ̫ƽ˵һһһ裬̫ƽã;㹻ˡЦȻ˵ʲô
ôأ㹻𣿡̫ƽЦ
Ѿˣ޼漦޷Ҫˡĵ
ô㹻𣿡̫ƽָʵĿϬ


769 ˺

ɣܰ˽
ܰһۣͷڣһ
ȫûйȥô͵ˡ
һڷĽӣز¶̫ƽһ仰ǽܻᷢ⡣ֻӷȷǡʱ򰡡
ոտ̨ԪʧҪ˰οʱܰʼˣʶĿ߽˻ϵߣ˵ⶫλýȥ˭ѵ˵
ܹܸ˼㡣ܰЦոյ⡣ʵҲѻش𣬱ȻϲƽҲѾ֪㡣
̫ƽЦү̫ӸոȥˣŷҪԸˣͼҪ߽ˣүСΪϡ
лܹѣһСĵġܰ˿ڲ˵ŷ׿¾Ķֻǿɣ
ǵȻǿһֱƲûг֣õĻᶼûгڻǰ˵ڿǳûᣬү㶼ģ᲻𣿿ǿȴѡӱܣŷδػȶԸ磬ΪҪԸҲ˿ɶԸ̫ƽѾ˲ˣȻЦŵġ
δءŷϼ޻ҪԸһˣδҪ쿴Ǹˣܹδ̫ˣӦú˽ŷһթϺꡣܰЦ
֪һÿСĵġ̫ƽҲ˵
ô˵Ҳˣ˵Ҳ⼸ǰھſڿ˿˵Ҫ뿪һӣȻȰǿ˵ҪˣҾҲûˣѵѾ𣿡ܰ̽˵
û̫߰ƽЦ
ǾͺãʵһܵĿû߾ͺáܰʧˣ̫ƽܰ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ؤʵŷ׵£ؤ˭𣿡̫ƽŲܰô룬׷ʵ
ؤĻŷװ
ŵİأ̫ƽʵ
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ؤﶼӣȥδЩ㡣үԸĻԼȥ̫ƽɫ
һһֱŬȥģŷĵˣҿ϶ҪԸܰȻĿϬ
Ϊʲô˵أ̫ƽ˿ڲ衣
㲻ҪΪŷҪʵۣǣŷҰԼʵۣôС˻ʵۡ˵᲻ΪһȨ᲻Юأ᲻ʱˣ͸ɴıλأԣΪôŷأܰĵ˵
ǵǣ˾֮·˽֪ǵȷҪɱˡⱭˣҲҪˡ̫ƽվ
ٶһ𣿡˵
ˣϻأȥæˡ̫ƽЦ
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ܰ̾˿˵̫ƽԸ⽫ʵ߸ңǶǽпܻǡԸǡ
ɣ̫ƽսѣͬһߵģôԸأ
սѣ̫ƽղžͲˡŷ̫ԪȷĴǵˣھûԪˣԪȴҵˡܰĵ˵
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ΪǿҪôĪλ𣿡һ
֮ǰȷǲλģΪҾ㣬ǰģԪӺãµľˣԪʧˣӺڱ߹أֻԽԽøʵĳ谮˵ʵˣΪʲôأܰЦ
̾˿˵֪ģԪһֱʵۣΪԪҪʵԸҲҪʵۣĻԪΪˡӺվԪߵģ㶷ù𣿡
ùҶҪһܰΪѾ̫ˣʱԼüˡܰظ˵
ǣλ͵ðϺܴķգ˵ͻᱻɱͷѺȫ˵׼𣿡̾˿˵
ҵȻ׼ˣˣҪңҿ϶Ҫסڻʹϣ㲻õˡܰ˶˵
ôҸϷ˺Ҳ֧ġᶨ˵


770 ҩ

ܸ֮ܰమȫϷ˵ĽܣϷ˿ǵĴý˰ǰϣòѡ֧
㡣ܰЦֻҪǷͬģһŬǵٶôǲ¡ҲһҪΪıһδ
ܰˣȥ麢ȥˣ¶ҹЦʵ֪ҲҪһٻȴѪȵδֻҪҡ
ϧҪλܰȻǸˣ鶼ˡ̸δ
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ܰ̾˿˵ܹô̵£ΪûȰ𣿿ǻţѾˡҿȰ˵ġ
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̫ƽҡҡͷԽԽ㸸ˣǺġáҴӴԺ󲻻ٶ°ܡϣÿһ£˵ÿһ仰Եġ
̫ƽתߡ
ܰðѲ豭ˡ
Żӵ¹Ȼز¶书˵áһôӲĲ豭Ȼô׾ˡʫ˳Ц
ܰһ˵ˡѾ书ļˡ
Ϊ̫͵ǿŽļޣһһǷǳģֵܷô̫ƽ㣬ľܾҾҵǿԺһ£ΪҲǷǳ̫ƽʫЦ
´ˣҲܹҲ֪Ҫʲôܰ˵ֻϵġ
ҸϵһµģϺˣҲŻãڲϲɵͯͯŮʿҵˣǺõʦȴûС㲻Ƽһλõʦ𣿡ʫյЦ
Ҳ֪кõʦƼܰ̾˿˵
ô㣬˵ʲôʲô˵̫ƽҽտҲõģϿ϶ҲšʫЦ
ܰһ̫ƽгΪʲôҪҼӺܹأ
Ϊǰ;·ʫЦԭ𣿡


771 ˻

ܰ˵ҲҸ֮ûʲô˵ģ㻹ѧһ㡣
ܰ޳ŷĽ飬ͯͯŮʱѾ뿪㣬ԶԶˡʫЦ̫ƽ֪ѵҲ֪𣿡
ܰһ㡭˵Щʲô
ʫ߹ȥֱܰ۾ŵ˵ŷ׵Ľ飬֪ɲУ㡣ΪȻ˵ŷ׵ǳеԣϲŲɣʹͯͯŮģܰΪ˻λﻹԣ
㡭ܰսȭͷ۾͸ɱ
ʫЦô㻹ɱڣʡʡɡҸ̫ƽԼңͯͯŮƻģֹŷף㣬ܰã᲻󣬱ɴҿʷĶ󣿻ӣôһϲˣ̫أ
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ΪʲôһҪܰŭΪʲôһҪǣ̫ƽ
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ܰ˵ͷĬˡ
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̫ƽԺ£ѾǶˣԪϷ
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̫ƽ̾˿˵һжģһɣ鲻ֻŷһġΪͿʼŷף㶼ŷģҲܲһܰܰڲǻˡ
˵?ܰҲͬͯͯŮܣܰˡԪš
磬ܰѾˣĺֶΣٲǹȥǸ͵ˣֻȥαװˣ򲻿԰̫ãӶġ̫ƽѵ
ģҸܰദ꣬ˣʲôһ֪һαװһ죬ѵαװ𣿡Ԫҡͷ˵
Ϊ粻̫ܰΪ飬ܰ𣿡̫ƽʵѵ㣬磬ܰѾǵˡ
Ԫϣ˫ָͷ


772 ֶĿ

ô˵ǴˣΪһ֮ΪյʳĸȻѰյĺߣΪ֮ҩһΪɵβ糯¶ķˣҪʲôҪ𣿡Ԫǳ
ԼԼĹˣԣ硣Ӧðһ£Ĺٶȸһ㡣ɲñ˾ãġ̫ƽȻһЦǵã˵ҪġϿǺ˿ĸĸס
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ǿ磬Ȼ˱ҲܲΪ²롣̫ƽȰϼݱˣΪµľһƬ̫ƽʢĴ¡
ԪͷҵȷҲҪλġֻǣҪûϼݱ̸ף㲻þ֮߱̫ƽҵǲԼֻǵ㣬֪һҪеġ
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ⲻ²µ⣬ΪˣôԼİŮðأԪ̫ƽҷ
ʵȫûΣգûϼݱģֻǣԸҵĻ𣿡̫ƽЦ
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ܰ𣿡̫ƽЦúֻСꡣ
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Ԫʧˣ벻ŻóȴԲϡ
㲻ҪѪ˺òãܰˡ
֧ͯͯŮϰɵģǲ㣿Ԫʵ
ܰͷ̾˿˵⣬Ҫ𣿡
ȻҪԪЦȥǸľŻ壬ѾԲֶεӭϻ𣿹ȥǸΪ˵͵ܰѾ۶ǻλ𣿡
ˣûʸңʳ֮»ΪǡҲʲôģ㲻Ҫ̫ƽһôظòãֱܰ׳˵
ԪĶˣ벻ûԭĻܰ˵
Ż壬̫ƽظûԭʧȥԭĻܿѵĶǰաԪȻ˵Ż壬ҹȥϴˣ벻һˡ
ܰˣΪһС£гɼĻҲһʼҲϴˡ
ھŻɱͯͯŮȻС¡Ż壬ҳĺʧԪȻ뿪ˡ


773 

ܰԪܰɼԪһԸܰˡ
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һеֻⰾɵɲһʱƬ̵£ȱһܺúܺõʦ
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˵ĺܶԣ޵ȷ֪ǶѾ֪ˣޱΪ԰֪ģŷװ²üë
ԿҲֻ̫ƽɽˡܰЦ
Ǽ̫ƽԸô죿ϻɻ󲻽⡣
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774 

ϴϲܰļ򣬡벻һֱĵĶӣȻǶТ˳ģģˣ£綼ġ
ܰȥ˵ʣֻ󸸻ʿĿ֡
úúáô޾ȥдʥּ̾˿Ȼ뵽Ԫ֪ȥҲ޵ġΪһҲϣ̫ƽ򡣡
ǵģƣ̫ô᲻֪ʫһ
úúãˣʤһСֺǺǵġ

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ԣĸͷİɡ̫ƽЦ
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ܰæȥ˵Ϣŭ̫ƽɱð
̫ƽЦŻӵ£Ҫʡ
ŭ̫ƽ㾹ޣҪòޣΪβɱ㣿


775 

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ϴŭ´ţȴһ仰˵
ʫȵ󵨣̫ƽ㵨ԽԽˣ˭Ĺ϶Ҷײ
ܰæ˵ϡ̫ƽˣֱڿ죬Ըˣûжײϵ˼Ϣŭ
ʫЦܰô˽̫ƽһƼ̫ƽʦ̫ƽӦְ飬ôҲ㣬Ҳ㣬ƳˣҪǿϧˣ̫ƽ𣿡
ܰɫˣæ˵벻ҪѪˣҵȻû˼ֻǲ븸ʸ̫ƽ֮䳳ϵŪ̫ΣԴӰ춼áʣҪ֪̫ƽڰУΪŮл٢һһйעţҪ̫ƽʦҲֻܺúõܹġ
ʫЦһûйٽ׵Ůӣϻ
̫ƽйٽ׵ġ֮ǰ̫ƽˮ̰¼ʱ򣬾Ͳ̫ƽΪղ󳼣Ҷ֪ģȻ̫ƽѾѹλ˳ȥˣйľ
ôйٽסҲǻϸģҪջջǻϵģʫŭ
ܰҲ˿ã˵Ҫڲ壬µ˶Իϣб£Լͷ̫ƽѽΪʲôҪĵƣ
ʫˡܰҿǲ֪ϲԼˣ㶼ôˣǲǣ
˼ǻϾ㣬ܴϵˣܰҲһ
Ѿ֤ˡʫܰӦ
Ϊʫһֻɱ̫ƽϻᱻƷܡ
ʫ̫˽ΪʵԼĿģ˺ϻˡܰѾùġ
ʫȴ֪Ϊ̫ܰƽסˣʫһֱ̫ƽΪеġֻҪиеİ̫ƽһ¡ʫͻ̫ƽеġ
Ȼ˼ʫǳϣ㿴˵˵˵Щʲô
ˣôˣո޻佱ôĵģʧ˵ת˻ϵע̾˿˵̫ƽȹһô죬ǶҪˡ
̫ƽ̹ȻرץˡҲǷȥ
ʫ˵ܰʲô˵õģһ̫ƽɵˣôʱˣԣ̫ƽǿ̫ƽǲǣ
㲻Ҫ˵˵ҽֻһϧôῴ̫ƽֻǾ̫˽ˡҪ̫ƽŭϣ㲻֪ɱ̫ƽҪ⽭ɽܱס̫ƽֻʦûµģǿ԰еζƸ̫ƽ̫ƽǿȰɱ̫ƽ롣ܰԽ˵Խ
ʲôòģӣǻӣǶ󣬻ЩϲܴƽҵĽڡʫЦ
㲻ȻǸ֮ҲٸˣΪƺɱ̫ƽҪ̫ƽʦ֣ܰص˵
˭˵Ҳˣ̫ƽʦϣҲҡǿˣҲܹڡʫ˵
֪ͺãû̫ƽǴҲòˣ̫ƽŮɱãٲַʽɱҪȻϵλҲˣǼ̳Ҳûãοڻ̫ӡܰúǣǣʫѹȥ
̫ܰƽӦɱҲɱãô˵ڸҽѽʫЦ
ܰҡҡͷ˵ǵĺΪֹ
㡣ܰû㣬ҲܹɹﵽҵĿġʫ˵
Ҿ㣬ɱ̫ƽҡܰŭ
ʫЦܰڵģһڵġȥ
֪̫ƽϹˣ¶ǳż
˵ոոձϴ̫ƽǧٳˡУҪȥϣ̫ƽ
ϷùȣԵ˵ȥãȥˣ𣿡
̾˿˵ĸף㵹˵˵ôȥ̫ƽźأҿɺôһŮ


776 г

ϷòһѪ˳Ķ֪Լû취ͲҪô嶯ҪҪģԽԽˡԭ˶ôˣҲָժЩ꣬ö˶˵һ佫Ĺٶ磬ɶǣﺦģ
Լƣͷ˵ĸϢŭǶӲá
֪ͺáϷ˻
̫ƽ̾˿˵ѵͲ𣿡
̫ƽϲŮұںż˵𣿡Ϸٴο
˵ү˵ɣϷ˻뵽취ģ˶֪Ϸ˹үôͲأ
ֻñ졣
ϺϣæȥϷı
һֺġ
ʱʹ̫ƽҲ
ϲû̫ƽסΣֻǹ˻ʼСԺӡĴʳöȣÿ춼͹ˣΪ˰գ̫ƽ룬ĵʢ硣
ֻǴʱԱسġĽǵգ̫ƽ飬Խꡣ
أ̫ƽһߡ
ҳȥǿҳȥ̫ƽ
ЩǣȻûȨ̫ƽȥΪ̫ƽǻϵ
̫ƽҪ󺰴С
ֵʹ֪նܴѹҲظ֮£Ź̫ƽ
죬̫ƽĽȴʫˡ
ʵʫһֱˣֻ֮ǰҲɡ
̫ƽĿ޷ͣƻģûɱ㣬óԺúȵأڻʹ㾹ҴУͼûϳ󣿡ʫ־Ҫ̫ƽ
ôõĻᣬʫȻҪúõش̫ƽйߡ
̫ƽôױֿһץסʫ֣һƣʫͱƵڵء
ʫǹ̫ƽġʱ̫ƽˣȻģγŵذף̫ƽͷݵش̹ȥɡ
̫ƽһסʫ󣬶ǰذף˵ʫôĵӣ϶ûɱҡ㾹ȻΥʥּ
ʫŭϲ㣬̫ɵ㻹л룬ҿɲɵ֪̫ƽûþˡ
ʫûþȵ㡣̫ƽĿ⣬ȻϬһߡͰʫߵڵء
Ȼ̫ƽѸٵסʫĲӣǰʫذףʫĲϡ
ĵ棬ιʫĲӣƤ·϶ʱ˼Ƥʫˣʫ벻̫ƽȻɱʫ
̫ƽ֪ʲôҿǵʫˣҶһ£ôܳ裬һɱ㡣񱻹֮ˣ㻹Ҷ֣
̫ƽҧЦʫҵĳˣͺ޲ɱ㡣
һٶʫġ
̫ƽɱʫʲôЩǹ
ǣܰ
ǰԼҲܰ
ʫּˡ̫ƽǲǷˣʲôʱΪĳˣҿûмӺκζʲôˡ
̫ƽĵУǰ˵֣ʫĲӣѪһʹϮʫȫˣܡ̫ƽ㾿ʲô
ɱ㰡̫ƽ۾ˣȥĻ糱ˮӿ鲼ɱ
㾹ȻģʫһҪ̫ƽҪʲôҶ㡣㲻ҪɱҺòã
ʫʲôûУܸʲôҪġ̫ƽûɱʫ֮󣬻᲻ᱻɱԣ֮ǰ̫ƽһֱһֱ̣ڡʫǰ̫ƽֲг˵ĵ
̫ƽѾ嶯ˣѾƲסˡ
ʱ򣬽Ų̫ƽ㵨̫ˣǴҶˣҪı˵ŷס
̫ƽ̧ͷ㶵Ƭ̣ʫƿ̫ƽŷ׳ûʫԼĻ
ʫŷĿԣȻתǾ鸴ȼ
̫ƽЦŷףǵӺңҼӺ˵˵ĻҵҪҧʫ˽飬ִ֮󣬻˭
ŷ׵Ȼңִ֮󣬲»Ǽ£϶ŷ׺ʫġ
ŷЦ̫ƽĲģҪӺ㣬кýģߡ
̫ƽ̾˿ղ־ͺˣٿԱ˳ƴԼ
ŷװʫ֮ŭ㵨ôô̫ƽǳƴģϹȥҪǱߣ㻹
ʫ˵˵̫ƽ˵ҵˣΪʲôɱ̫ƽĸˣ֪


777 ѵѻ

ŷ˵̫ƽ֮ǰһֱǺѵġ
ʫֲɱġʲôȻɱģ˶֪ˮġǱְĺġ
áŷ׽ƻЦΪʲôö˶˻ˮ룬ӣ̫ƽ˶˵̫ƽҪɱ㣬Ϊ𣿡
̫ƽֻꡣлһҪɱʫսȭͷ
Ҿ㣬ôңŷɫ׵Ц
ʫ˼˵̫ƽС֮Ĺϵ㻹뿪ԶáȻϷŭͬѰ
Ҳ°Ҿ㰡ŷײɵصЦʫ
ʫɲǴŮˣܱŷôúơ˵ϻҪȥһԷأˡ
ôô׾ԭˣŷЦƭҡ
ʫĮ˵š
ʫˣŷʫӰЦͣ
ʱԪڿջҲ˵̫ƽϹ飬ΪҪ̫ƽʦ̫ƽӦ̫ƽŭ˻ϣ˴ʮͯͯŮ
Ԫ΢Ѿȥ̫ƽ
ȻԪҲ֪̫ƽڻʹδظɱ̫ƽԼİŮڴվԪȴǲԸġôҲҪ̫ƽȳ
һֻѻվϣĿתĿµһʯ
ʯϣ̯һ⣬Ҳζ
ҪΧ⣬ѻͳ˹ȥ
ԶԪϣƾ棬ϼӳ˰죬졣ͻ
ģһ˿⣬Ԫ˿վ
ʱˣѻǸûؼˡ
塭ԪóһӣĴ
ʱɢѻȫ˹ƺʿһӦٶȼ졣һʱ伸ס˰졣
ԪѾǰѻ׼ʳ
ֻΪѵѻԪûиÿѻ׼ӡ
ֻֻѻզզĽ˼֮еѻͣһߣֻЩλѻȿʼԡ
˻ֵһ
Щڵȴġȫ꣬ҲҷɣԹԵĵţƺԾҪƵġ
˺һѻˣԪ򿪣ѻǾȺһһͷһͷ˽ȥ
Աѻƽﲢû̫顣
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ѵķҲǸָ
ԪһϸͷŽˮȻѻ͵һͷߵһͷ
Ϊ˼ǿЧԪǰѻֳ顣ͬʱб
ཡԪ˸ڣѻǱ㿪ʼ
ѻʿһȵϡ
ͬʱѻڰнϾԽԽ졣
ߵ԰ѻԻһ
Ȼ˾òôѻԣζޱȵġ
Ԫϲѵѻ
ΪѻѧЭԪѻֳɼݣȻղͬѵĿģ䵽ͬĳء
߰ɣʼɻˡԪһС֦ѻǰãͷѻᣬϰڶ壬Ԫƻĵطȥ
һоԪʼѵ
һСŽ
һֻѻϹȥС
ȻҪСİȫͨһͲߣٽСȫķŽͨ
ʱСԶʱѾһֻѻյ㣬
ۿСյˡѻֵС򣬿ٵܹһˮ·
ȻˮĽѻȴߵĺȡ
ⶼԪѵĳɹ
˲գ۵ǣѻˮ·֮󣬾ȻҪֱһŵĻ𶴡
Ҫһиѻͻᱻֱճɿᡣ
ôģ
û֪ʱһѵʱ˶ֻѻҲû֪Ԫֱ˹üΡ
ֻѻݵĴ𶴣ƺ𲢲һ㡣
һ̣ѻС·Żӵʱѵɡ
ֲԪͳһףһιѻһѻӡ
Ԫѵ£ѻ÷ǳĴ
ʱԪڣѻҲᰴƽʱϰԼԷˮ
ԪѻʳһľͰ
һӡ
˳Էʱѻվһţжӵʿһ
ѻҲһӣֻѻϵС
Ȼϵһѻ㿪ʼжʥЩѻ֦ƹľͰϵİ
һ֦ԽԽ࣬ľͰϾһľ
ѻҪľͰǲܵģϾѻûô
Ǵѻӵ˸ӣϵЩľһˣţѻǱȫӡ


778 

ľľͰϣΰһ
ѻһͷľһͷŸҲƶ
ȻܳһıŲ¶
ҪʱܾһѷΧȥˣȺѻȴȻ
ѻԼȳԺãȻѻΧľͰվһȦ
ÿһΣһѻȳ꣬һѻϡЩѻ֦ƹľͰϵİһ֦ԽԽ࣬ľͰϾһľ
ѻҪľͰǲܵģϾѻûô
һ׼Ԫѻȥʹ
ʹˮףӳԲԲҲŹ˿һںϻһƺӡ
̫ƽһɫ֯£ú߹ճһƬɽˮĵߣܳjɫҶӡ
Զƺߴ
ҹ£̫ƽԤС
ȻϤѻǺȻ߷˺ܶǵע⣬ΪǴ̿ˣ׷װγȥ׷ѻˣʱԪû˽
磬ڻˡ̫ƽϲ
̫ƽõˣĶԲ𡣡Ԫܹȥ̫ƽ§˻
ӵִ֮࿴ۣ¹˸
̫ƽϲɱ㣬ϲƺ㡣㻹ϸ뿪ʹɡԪ˵
ǱϹģӵȥҳȥ˾ͨˣûʲôϳҷųġҲߡ˵ˣƽƽ뿪ǣôأ̫ƽ¶ݵ˵
̫ƽǱ̫࣬ǣͲΪԼһ֮ݺ׾٣Ҫ㣬һͿݺɱ㡣Ԫ̾˿˵ôĵ£
ûµġ̫ƽůİο磬ѻҪˡǶҪˣ㻹ǿ߰ɡҪȻ߲ˡ
Ԫ̾˿˵Ҳˡ߲ˣҾ¡
ôңǻʹңᱻֵġ̫ƽˣҲˡ
־ͷ֣̫סʹסʹôǻܰɱˡ˵δޣҾҲûʲô˵ġԪ˵úɣһм
ǡ̫ƽ쵽Ӹ
ˣһˣҿǲĵģҲܾ˵ģҪôߣҪôԪԵذ̫ƽ߶ӡ
̫ƽͷЦǺãȥϽŴˣǻˡ
Ŵˡ
ԪذѴӣɫģҲȥ
ʱԵðġ
ԪЦߣʺܡ
̫ƽæƿԪЦɲҪҿɸ˵˯ϣ˯ϡǾˮˮ
˯ϻᱻ˷ֵģҲһϼһԪЦŴ˹
У˯¡ڴǾͲ֪ˡ̫ƽɫ
ðɡôࡣԪҡҡͷ㡣
ʱŷѾ˵ˣȻһȺѻ̫ƽסĵط˹ȥ
ʹôȻôѻأⲻܣǣԪˡŷ̫ƽΣգԪڳסˡ
ף˵ʲôѻԪʲôϵŷüͷ
Īǲ֪Ԫóֵѻ𣿵̹֪֪ˣ㻹ˡŷʧ˵
˭֪Ԫѻûŷ̯̯֡
ŷѩݶ˽磬֪ܲԪȥɫһ̫ܹСӣһǽȻʵԪȦ˺ܶѻ㣬ɣ
ŷ䲻ŷġ֪ϸøˣȻ˵֪֪ʲôģϾѻֲһˡ˭֪ЩѻԪŽġ
ŷ˵Ԫ˭̫ƽģԪˣ˵öԡϵĻԪѾڻʹ̫ƽһ𡣡
ȻˣףǺβȥѣŷǰر򵥡
ˣѳô̫̫ƽδޣȻڸ̫ƽһûзŷ̾˿˵ֱɡ
Ǿ𣿡ŷֱˣͷɥ
ȻǣȻԪҲ˻ʹǾ֮ȻҪ취Ԫ߽ҵȦף֮ءŷһЦ
ǸףҪôأŷź˵


779 

紵ɽҡɽƬ֣ڶɫ˾롣
ŷһЦʱ֪ˣѩݶ¾ͲˡҪǣկկǲǺþûȥˣȥˣҪȻ̫㣬ɾҵˡ
ǣסŷѩݶȻһЦһֱ죬ܹҸӳԡ
˵ܹݡõĺܺŷ˵ֲǱ׿佱
Ҳѽ鳡֣ǸŷѩݶЦ
ˣҲҪǫˣȷáŷ׺˿ڲ裬˵ѩݶ·ˡ
ϡ
̫ƽԪ˴£ЩۣԭⲻǨͣ˱ȥ˵ǵ㱻ӣ䡣
֪˯棬ҾͲˣҵľůġԪЦ
֪ƶ죬˭˯ˡ̫ƽ˵˵
ǣȻ˯ذ壬ԪǺܿĵģϾ̫ƽܹôҲ쵣İŮˡ
ʱկ
һֻѻ͵ĴӲݴ˳£ɹͣһݶǰ
Ԫƽͽ˾֮ȴٳٵȲŷѩݶĻ
ԭԪ˵İ֮ˣŷѩݶ
ŷѩݶһ˵졣
ŷѩݶɽϣʱɽϴԡ;ŷѩݶҰկھչ£ŷѩݶˣȴֵʧ䣬ȫŷѩװġ
ڵʱദУ˰飬ȻֻǾһԸ
ŷѩݶֻýˡŷŷѩݶôġ
ܾǰŷ׾ͲԪи֣Ǿ
ǣŷѩݶȴһƬʵ顣
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Ȼͼˡֲ֪ŷѩݶȥ˺δԾ͸żˡ
Ȼŷѩݶˣ˷ܵʲôƵģܹסŷѩݶ֣ˡ
ŷѩݶţ·˲ûܼʱԼȵȣ֮ǹûʡĽڡ
ȴˣˣûһ˿ɵ˵ڲ𣿶ңûб㣬һ˳
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ôˣļˣʲôĲ˭۸ˣοһ
İ𣿡ŷѩݶʣ滨ꡣ
Ϊŷѩݶ书ǿޣҲһ˿ǳɰ
öԽȥˡŷѩݶһΣͶమһΣԹ޻ڡ
Ȼ˵ŷѩݶСĺǻ˼¡
·һˣ۸ҡŷѩݶȻ
ˣ˭һɱ۸㣬͵۸ҡ۸û£۸㣬ɱȫ壡
ŷѩݶ۾˵˵ĺ
ģҶ췢ġƭ˰ݶҾͲú
˺ˣ˭㷢ֶˣ˵ɣһ۵ġŷѩݶӣﹷͷ
ǣȴãǰ⣬ˣҲ˵µˣҡϸ㲹ӡ
ιҪŷѩݶеǣһˣﻹӰ
ŷѩݶ˵˭ҪʲôˣŷҳԵıĺöˣɽկĺҲŲҪأ˶࣡
ǡڳȴòֺ
ڶ죬ŷ׼ʫ
ʲô˼˵ԪѾ̫ƽһ𣬲ԪѾʹˣʫһҴ۽硣Ԫʲô¶ó
ŷЦôԪ뾭ѵĲˣ
ʫˣŷһ˵ܲܲҪôġԡԪǺܺôˣѾϵӣôܻϲأԼҲҪҡ
֪Լǻϵˣ벻ŮҲ֪ҳʲôŷЦʫͷ
˵ֻңͶ࣬ûʲôˣ߰ɡʫƿŷס
ŷȴʫʫ죬Цߣѵ㲻Ԫϲ𣿡
ʫϢ˵㾿ʲô˼
ûʲôֻǾԪѾڻʹˣ֮ˣΪ֮ǲ׵ĺǹġŷװʫӵ˴ϣš
ңҪӺԪҪ赶ɱ˰ˡʫЦ


780 ȥδ

ǣŷѾʫ˵ˣֱѹ
ʫŷףǾܾģܻӭ
˿ʼ
Ȼϲ֪
ÿʫŷףܵġŷףǴӺ߽ġ
ϵȻ֪ˡ
ʱܰСʦ
ӡ̫ƽǼӦöӣٸһõʦϰѾԽԽˣ˵ʱ嶼ڶ
ܰ̾˿˵ʣҲҲ̫ƽôõʦˣβٵһȣ
̫ƽƢٵȥҲͽȻġϿ
ֻܰ˵ãȥҿ
һҪҵûҩ޿ô죿üëǳˡ
ŷ׺ʫ˺󣬾Գ
Ҵ㣬ȥ߻ϣԪѾʹ̫ƽˡŷһЦ
ҪԪ𣿡ʫһ
ôˣŷ״󷢣סʫ°͡
ȻûС࣬ſҡʫŭֻǣԪǼӺ˵ģϾ̫飬͵͵˻ʹҲ
Ѿ뵽취ˡӦ֪ɵǻȴԽԽԽԽ㲻ʲôŹ𣿡ŷһЦ
ô֪ȷܰɵ˻˯ҩϳɵܹ˯úáʫ˵
ҿɲʲô˯ҩ˵ˣҩһҩŷ׵һЦ
ʲôҪӺϣʫһ
Ӻϵġֺֹһˣܰŷ״ԲѣΡ
ˣʲôôʫһ
㵱ȻûʲôôˣܹнʱյĵλΪϣһϼݱҪôѳᣬҪô󹬡ŷЦģú÷ҡҺãҲġ
ʫŭ󵨣㲻ԻϵģҲ
Ѿͬһϵˣȥ߻ϣʱҷҧһڡ㣬ң֮ܵĻȫûкôġŷȲʤȯ˵
ʫˣУҵϲ
ͻ˵ѽŷЦġҾԲġ
ûãŷ׾ͼ˻ϣϡԪѾˣѾڻʹˡ
Ŷô֪ϷǳԾ
ŷЦΪۿԪٰ̫࣬ڻϵɵ¶
һţץסŷ׵֣ŭ£Ժ˵ӲҪȻ壡
ŷͷϵ亹˵ϣǿǹϵ̫µףҵȻǳŻӵҲۿģǲſȥʾŻӵµġ
ŷ׸ҰܰҲ˽ΪܰҲзݣܰŷס߼޻Ԫôŷ׾ͻгܰĳ£ܰҲӲˡ
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ŷҡҡͷ˵ȻˡϣĵӣҲѽϲųĻܻžŵµĻɣ
ƿŷףڻλ˰죬ƺ˼ʲô
˺ܾãŷ׶ûϣʱ򣬻ϺȻŷ׵⣬ټܰ
ܰˡ
ʡܰŷҲڣʱ˲õԤС
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ʺγԣܰˣ϶ʱ˺ܶܶ亹
ŷ˵ÿշõɵﶼжҩҶҩԪµģ㻹ۿģû£˵ϬĿһҪʵʵظޣҪʵ
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ʱܰ˵ûŷ׾ͻܰҲڸϳԵɵҩ飬г
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ΪԱֻܰŷݺԪˡ
ϼȻԸ̹ܰʣ˵ܰǱȽεġ
ֻҪܰ˵ǣϾһŵġ
Ȩܰɫ˵ǵģŷ˵ļǣȷۿԪڻʳõɵͶ˶ҲֹһΡ취ϰ취Ԫٰ̫࣬ȡ˹ǵΡ


781 

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ȻˣǳΪʲôΪʲôԪԪȴȻޡ
ϣԪڸ̫ƽһ¿ܸ̫ƽйϵûŮĻŷ׼䡣
ˣϱףˡԪ̫ƽץؽΡ
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˶ˣٴҲûа취ˣ˵˻ѾɱˣԺڣҲǺĪˡȫ֮ߡ
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ֱɱˣͶϣһ˰ˡŷЦ
ܰ˵̫ƽɱ˵ˣԪ޵ӡϲ̵
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˼ɱĿһ̫һܹһǷôأܰˣæ
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ʱϡ
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̫ƽһôܣôˣҪɱɱˣ˵ˣǻϵӡܶնݳأ
˼仯ˣǿԤϵ˵ģΨһİ취뿪ҪȻһҪ˼㣬ԼԳԪɫ˿ڿЦ
Ȼˣһ뿪ѽ̫ƽˡ
վҪһУ׼ýһսҾԲ뿪ߣк֮ǡԪЦ
׼ˣҲ˵ϵн죿̫ƽһ
ǵģҲڵһ졣֪һ졣һɱңͺɱҸһԪǻǣǰ£Ԫʹࡣ
ʹﴦѵأ̫ƽȻߡ
Ҫߣһа취Ԫ硣
ߣΪʲô㲻һأ
˵ˡʱҵģôأԪҡҡͷ
㶼˵˻Ҫɱˣʲôɱ𣿡̫ƽɴ۾
֮ض̫ƽģһŻ֪𣿽ˡԪЦ
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪֪Σأôܹȥأ̫ƽˡ
ҶȥΪԼţҲΪһţΪߣ׳Ϊ˵İѱʱҿˡ̫ƽ𣿡Ԫ̫ƽޱ鷢˵
ҵȻţǡ
ͲҪǣһ῭飬һŻҪľǻصƽƽĵϢòã
磬᲻Σգ̫ƽǵġ
ҡԪһЦ
Ұ㡣̫ƽʵ
Ҳ㣬̫ƽ
˽ӵһ


782 Χ

ܿ죬̫ƽӣ͹Ԫ˻ݣ˻ʹ
Ԫ򰲰ǿ£ִ塣
ѻǶԪˡǸ̫ƽص˶
ȻѻǲԸߡ
ѻᵽΣȻҪ뿪ԼˣԪִҪ¡ѻǻǸ̫ƽˡ
֪ԪԸǱ̫ƽ
ԣԸԪԸ뿪ϵҳϡ
ҹš
ŷ׼˼ԪڵĵطΧתΧĺͰһ
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з紵Ҷ׷ɡ
ȻѾǴ졣ǣ绹Ǽġ
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Ԫ˿ͺŷ׾Ǹ
ŷˣ̫ƽղѾˣȴ̫ƽӰ
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ԪЦԭమŮŷѩݶһŮˡҲֻ֣Ϊÿϧˣԭкӣӵжôõİ顣ϧһжݻˡ
ŷЦҪˣԪʲôֵܣǳֵܣϣǰ㣬ϧˣǲˡôŮ£Ļ˭
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ԪЦǾ͵Ӯ˰ɣԼԼ壬װûء
ŷ׿ԪһߺȲһ߹۲ԪûдκһԪ΢飬ô
ŷԪϣҲκξֺͺ¡
ʿǱʱôڣʱԪơǲڣһй
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ŷ׵˵ԪֲʤģȴһҪڽսᡣ
ԪЦŷף˻£ȴΪԼƿһС
ѵ𣿻Ѿͬɱ㣬һƿһ𣿾ĺܰҲ׿ڻǰȷɵͶ˶ȥ룬㻹ʲôŷ׵عЦ
ԪҲЦˡŷףˣǾԼʲôˣʵʲôûСҪǲţԹǲʤδ֣ʵʤϾȷˡ
ŷгԾ߹ȥǣǷԪҿ̫
壬ҿҲµúáǣұ׹úáŷЦԺôŮˣֻһ̫ƽȴ֪ӭȢ֮ܲˡԪһӹÿҡ
ֻҸŷףýҵڡҾãȴڡԪһЦӷ£޻ڡ
һ壬ѾˡʤѾˡԪһЦվ
ŷ׻˻֣ԪҪҡҸͶġ㲻Ը⡣
ҵȻԸ⣬ΪӮˣΪʲôҪͶأⲻǶһ𣿡ԪЦ
벻ͷˣӲŷĿ¶ɱ˵ȫҷż
ǣ䣬վŷļѾˡ
ŷ״һôˣ
ƺûֻһʼΪԶĽҲһһصˣûгѪȴһڵϣһ
ŷ״һܹȥýǣǶѣѣǶôˣ
ǣڵϵһ˯úܳƺ˺ࡣ
ŷ״һͷԪ
ȴԪΣɫƽͣƺûһȤҲûпŷһۡ
ŷ׼ˣԪǲ㣿
Ԫ΢΢̧ͷȻҡ
ŷһǣôǶεģ
ԪЦ⼸Ҷҵļңôñ˽أ


783 ŷ֮

ԭԪ⼸ɲǰװ״ŵġ
Ԫǰǰ󣬶һ
һһϲпŵĻ
ʱʱҲȾ˪
ʱͬʱͷųŶԡ
⣬Ԫһ׼õķ
ŷסȻ֪ˡ
ۼȥŷװνԪҪ̹ȥ
Ԫ΢΢һ֣ߵĻغȻֳˡ˼
ŷױ֮Ǽŷ׵ֱۣҺӣŷŭԪԭôɣǣôڶ̶̵ʱھװôصģ
ȻһˣԼ˵ԭӺ̫ƽ̫ƽﲼ»ˣǻԣΪһԪһЦ
ŷһ֮Ȼˣʤ֮䣡Ȼŷŭ
ԴֻҪʤУʲôֶΣûʲôʤ֮ģŷףҼǵҸ˵ڡ
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ŷ״һתҪӡ
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Ѫ˳
һ̣ŷԪ
תŷָԪ˵ĺúڣҲӦãҲӦã㲻Ӧʱɱ㡣Ҿ㣬Ϊʲô㴦Ҫأ
ңŷף˵仰ÿЦȵˣ֪ΪʲôǡûĹΪǴλ֣Ѿ˺ˣˣҪǮȥҩ㲻ϸŲˣҲлȥͽɻ΢һ㡣һлɳ𣿻У㲻ҪΪҲ֪ƳȥеĻӣĿĲҪԼƵۣԪؽҷŷ׵Ļ
ǵģŷұӦʵ۵ġΪʲôȻϴʵۣȴֲҡŷЦԪ㻹ûӮء֪¶Ӻ㷴Ҹɱˣûϻ˵ˣôң˴¡ҲӦʾ˻֮ɱң㲻ͬ˽̣ѾΥʥּûϵģҪ֪Ӳġԣܲʵۻ˵أ
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ܰΪ˼Ӻ㣬ܰѾ֤Ͷܰǻλ̳ˣҪѡ˾Բ㣬
ǣŷ׵ЦȻͣסˣȻ󣬺Ȼˣ鲻̶ִԪıѾ˳·Ħѡ
һŷڵѪС˵ϣˡ

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Щ֡Բˮϡ
ˮЩ㣬̫ƽӻŪһʱ佫Ū˳
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Ҫ¡Ӿ󵨵Ҫȥץӣȴϱ̫ƽסˡ
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̫ƽ˿ҡҡͷ˵ĸŮҲԹ£һ֪
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һжˣŮΣҲǲҪͷԪҲͷһûŵϱġοѾǰˡ̫ƽ侲ؿ¡
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֮ǰŷ׺ܰڻϵĵҩ¶ûһϢҲܵĻϱػ̫ۡƽ۾ɱȥȻϣԴƽɡ
Ϸ̾˿˵벻Ƶֵز˵ģˡ籱ݶ


784 ԰ҿ

̫ƽ˵ȷҪǵģΪпܳԭҵʱһҪ¡
ѵҪǵӺһֱڱ߹𣿡ʵڻʹͻ¼Ҳµúܡ
Ԫŭ˻ϣ褺Ѿ˽ʿԪټġ
Σ̫ƽȥðհϴξǲҵĻһУϹˣκӳͶҲûôӳˣʱϰԪһ˵ôأϷ̾˿˵
ǰ̫ƽϷ˵ĵĲ޵ϸ͵
ޣҽȥҪԪء̫ƽΪȻ
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ôŮϴ̫ƽЦ
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϶үӢ˲ȵйҶٻһ飬ϧͳ¼лԼ
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¼˲϶үһеλļҸŮޡ
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ʱӵ£ҲڵĻϣȴ֪һС
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ԭ̫ڽǰֳమ˸鵽ˣ̲סһˡ
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785 Ӯ

̫ƽ˿춼˵ûˡǵϣ֪Լ𣿡
Ϸҡҡͷ˵֪ôܣֻǣȷˡ֪Լͳãǲֳ֪ʵĶӡ
ԡְ֪ĵ常̫ƽһ
˵İţ̫ˡ
ţҪȻҲɱְġϷ̾˿˵֮ǰҪɱҵԭΪܱй¶
ɻȴԥûĶĸ̫֡ƽ
ǵȻˣʵҵ֪࣬ԣԥҲ֪Ҷϲ˵࣬ԻԶҵĶǾֻұ취ˡϷҡҡͷ˵̫ƽ㣬ǻһٹȥɡ
ǡ
ȥϻ˵ࡣϷ˵ʱɱԪģҪɱĻɱˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵á
ƣݷ
̫ƽӾİգժҩ
̣ʲôҩİһƻʵ
ǽҩȵġ̫ƽĵؽܵ
˵ʱӾһſһߡ
̫ƽ߹ȥһʱųһ亹
Ӿǰһߡ
ղӾŲӣ֪ڳġ
Сġ̫ƽһסӾ
ʱ߿ʼζﲻͣӡ
İһ㵽̫ƽ
֮Ӿſǰһ޶Ĳߡ
Ҫ£ڡ̫ƽֽӾҲ
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ҪˣС߹ҧ㡣İռһסӾ
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˭Ҷһ¡
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ɲ߾ôˡ
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ŰɣȥóԵġӾҰ棬Ѳ
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̫֮ƽӾİնϴ˸衣
Ȼ㿪ʼ߸
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̫ƽһ۾ͿˡӾԵ߸
ţͰæһƤɡ˵գ̫ƽװŲߵӵݸӾ
Ӿµ˫һ
ӵ˵ϡȴպõӾĽϡ
ӾִУҪѷݶˡ
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䣬İ˽
̣ʲô𣿡İߵӾߣһʵ
Ϊпհ̰Ƥȡɣ̸óԵ⣿
İͣһ£㿪ʼƤˡ
ʵ̫ƽѾߡİոһ֣ƤƤһ׵ĵ
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죬˺
̫ƽηԺ
ӾİճԹ̫ƽôͺТ˳ӣҲȷ̫ƽǰݵĶӡ
̫ƽҲһǵ˶ӵġ
ܿģܺǶȹõӣҪˣҲ֪ܻܲǲҵԶһġ̫ƽ˱Ӿİա
Ӹص㣬ɶǴĺúӡ
̣Σ𣿡Ӻܵġ
̫ƽ֮ǰȥüλʹģȴûһԸǣһ
УȻᵽβһ
һжõġ̫ƽ򶨵˵
Ȼ̫ƽϷˡ
Ϸ̾˿˵֪㻹ǻȥġôףƽ
̫ƽͷء
ʱŷҲһ顣
ŷ׺ȻˣҶû׼
ײͣڸϣҪ˳ˡ
ŷȥʹˣǿҪɱԪΪŷױ𡣿ǻ˵˵֮ƴǡ
ʱŷڴϣ˲
ȻƽʱŷϣǶ죬ŷǸףŷϺϣŷڣŷҲԵڣҲԵһ㣬ʧȥŷԪףŷԼǶʧȥˡ
ȻһεεŮ


786 ľ

ŷӣѾ
ʲô㻹Ҳ𣿡ŷᷳ˵
ΪɥǳѣΪʲô뵽أѾȥƤɡ
Ҳŷɲš
ʵҵʱѾһСܼˣ飬Ҳֹüˣһ𣿡Ѿŵ˵һΪõġ
ŷ̾˿˵Уȥ죬ȻҪ졣͵øҰã˲㣬Ҹ˵
֪ˡѾ֪ȷԼŷҵλð취ҲΨһˡԴӼ޽ŷУһλûУŷױȽҵûһΨһŷ׶ˣôҶ֪Ѿɲʲôǵġ
ŷӦģʵû˰ŷҲҲŰ֣ȻѾԸ£ŷβֿտ徲ȫ
ŷûʧġ
Ѿ벻Ӵŷŷûκвġ
ⲻѾŷûκӰġ
ŷôܲأ
磬ŷ׵ĺȻûȫӦи߲ʡһŷףôܻȻأ
϶թթ
ʱܰݷŷλˡ
ǲè޺Ӽٴȱŷǿˡ
ܰôŷףŷҲаѴ˵˵ŷġ
ŷܰ˲ޣҲ˵ĺֻʱܰܰԪԸŷҡ
ˣŷܰ˲ޡ
ܰŷ׵λȥŷ̲ס˵ŵ¡ϾҪΪ̫ӵ˰ɣΪҸȥ֮㷴أ
ܰȻѾ˱ŷѵ׼
ˣ˵ŷ˵Ȼ뿪ҲеǳʹġǣҼҪΪ̫ӣûκιϵǵıˡ
⣿ô˵̫ƽһҹϵǳأҪˡӣ̫ƽıءŷ˵һǣҸף
ֻƾ޾ݣ빫ӲҪ˵Ѫ˿ɲáҽѾݵˣǡܰȥȴŷһסߣôҪߣ˶Բԣ˵˶Բԣ
ûУȥʹһ£죬ŷǷ˻ϵҪȥ׽Ԫģǲ֪Ϊʲôŷ׷ˡԪˣûϴŭ˵ºʲôϵܰ侲˵
˵ԪҸףŷһ˵
û˵ֻǰҿ龭㣬ˣˡܰƿŷˡ
ʱկѾ˵˾ǹԪ飬ˣһֱߵŷѩݶʵ
ŷ׵ŮߣֻҲҪԪͲİҵġǲǣʹ˵
ǵġŷѩݶصͷ
㻹ƭң֪֪ԪģҲԲԪΪûмʱǵã㺦ʳԣѱˡ֪֪ԼҲҪȥģ˵
֪ôˣôڻš˭˵ƭˣҲǻû뿪𣿡ŷѩݶˡ
綼Ҫߵǲǣʵ
û˵ѽŷѩݶҡҡͷŷҲҲܲġ
ϲƭңΪʲôƭҵȴ㣿ΪʲôҪ㣿ʹذγ˽
ʲôŷѩݶʼ
Ԫ˵öԣԭһֱ书һֱƭҡڼˣһƭɣղǲǺ˱裿ڲѾ˶ҩȫжùˣľ书Ҳûа취ˡ
ŷѩݶţһ˹ȫʹ׹㡭úݵġ
ǣҺܰ㣬Ҳܹƭɱ㣬ΪҺ㡣䣬ŷѩݶѪ
ʹذŷѩݶˣǰŷѩݶҲҲ޷ϱŮˣûа취ɱΪᵽ
Ȼ󣬾կֵǣɽװ磬ͨͨ˳ǡ
Ԫ֮ǰ̫ƽˣ̫ƽ
Ժ滨
̫ƽ֣Ϊ֪Ԫŵİ֣һһ
ǵģԪϹˡ˶ΣڵϦ죬ҪܰΪ̫ˡ̫ƽ˵һܰ˳Ϊ̫ӣܰıͻóѡ


787 빬

ҰɣӦôſԪ̾˿˵ûмʱҪȻֲˡѾһˣҲܴڶΡ
ⲻȫ㣬ҲҪô𡣱Ͼаţǿġ̫ƽ𣬺ԪֱǰԪ׿˵˳֮Ľ졣뿪
˵ԪԽԤ
һǲԭԼ̾˿˵
εĻǾͽúþȳԪɡ̫ƽЦ˵ģһȳġ
ģϲܹ̫˵ˡġ
˵𣿡̫ƽǷǳ˵ġ
šЦ̫õˣҲõˣһԣ֮ϡ
лĿ佱̫ƽЦôһǱʹɣ
һǿǻʹ䱸ɭϣôܹ˵ȥͽȥأ
֪̫ܲѾ˺̫ܶƽЦ
ȻˣЩΪʲô̫أһ
Ϊʱûеǲܹ¶ԼĿҲ̫ɱˣõɱҲҪһõģͰ˵ȥͿˡ̫ƽ˵
ǣܹˣҪϵҵʱ򣬷űھͿԡ
̫ƽȻ
ܹˣ֪̫֮Һżҿܹȴ˿Ҿ֪ܹһ׼ÿһ֣ص˵
̫ˣȻ׼ˣҲΪԪһУԪаˡҲȷܲʵļƻΪΪļƻ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ļƻܹɱңôأһ
̫ƽͷȷΪ³֮Ԫǻʵˡ
һϲ𣿡
ƭ̫ƽҡҡͷͨˣţɻȥݱգݵģһ̫ƽһҸ
̫λĻҲ°չͬ룬ұ¾Ӧ̫λΪ̫ĸ׿ǰ̫ӵģ̫ӵ¸أ˶֪ҰնϧȴˡԿΣֻԼĶѣһҪ֧̫ƽ˵
ǻõ˵ұضȫ֧֣ȥ֧֣ĴѽܹҪôֻܷԸɡģҲ̫ġҲ˵
áҪҲġ̫ƽ˵źдܰÿյĳй켣պܰᱻΪ̫ӡڲ֮ǰʼиأǻԪȥԡشڽ⣬һȥлץסܰ
ͷȥоµΡһץסܰ
̫ƽЦץסܰͰܰץȻԼٰܰȥ̫ӵĲ䣬ʱƶУҵƶڽȥúÿһɡ
ӹң˵á
סҪץס֮ܰ󿴡̫ƽص˵
ͷˡ
ĺ߹˵ūʲôأ
̫ƽҡҡͷһ飬ٸոºӲãҪ뿪޶ȥðյˡԲס١
ٸոд˵֪ٴ£֪ܲܰʲôæĺ̾˿˵٣ҲŸոճӡ
ˡʱ䣬һȥġ̫ƽ̾˿˵
Σ˺ӣ̫ƽίбѾߣȥԼȴֲȥҲЩΣȻ̫ƽͣȴͬá˵̫ƽȥҲûϵġ
źӹ̫ƽ
һ׼ú̫ƽȥ˻ʹ
ϹȻúأ֪̫ƽȻҲӦˡ
̫ƽڴǰ˵жѾѵ̫ҽûʵԻϽ𣿡
ж֪Ԫµģڣڽⶾѵжûн𣿡ϾȻ˵
Բûн⣬ԽԽǿ˵ͽ춼˸¶ⶾԪµģпܰŷµġ̫ƽɫ
ԪˣȻԪ˵ܰΪТ˳ޡ˵
Ѿˣ˻̫ҽûаʵ㣬ǲſ̫ȥһи㿴óĽһǸһġ̫ƽ˵


788 ֪

޲ţ޲ţ޲ܲģϵȻˣΪûһԼҪˡ
̫ƽɫһҩʱԺһ㣬ǲΣΪĲѾθûа취ҽˣһвһһϦҪǲţȥһй
üë̫ƽҩȻؿڵҲо³ˡо˺ܶࡣ
¿̫ƽĻԼ̫СȥһйˣСӴҴҵĳȥˣȻϢܰˡ
ܰԳ˵̫ƽ˻ϣҲ֪˵ʲôϰŹˡҲеūţҵ˸û취˵ʲôǻϵ̫ྐྵȻҴҳ˻ʹҲ֪ʲôȥˣ᲻ǻѾ֪Ԫµģ
ŷµģôأ֪ô죿ôϾͲ̫ˣȥ̽һ£ϻҪҪ̫ӣԸ⣬˵šæܰ˵
ȥ˵̫סң˵ڲκˣɻ̫ƽڼ档ɼܿҡҾ׶༪٣пѾ֪ࡣܰ˵
ô̫Ӳʽˡǵ˺˵ɡذο
̫ƽԸҲ̫ƽϵãȥȰһȰ̫ƽȥϷˡϷȥȰȰ̫ƽҪԸǺòã³֮ҲģֻҪܰ̾˿˵
ͷ²ðɣϷ˶жȴΪ㱳ǣȥǣһʲôأ
ô˵ҲݣȻݡûʲôò˼ġţϷ˰㣬һӦġܰˣˡ
ܰ˵ˣֻôӦˡ

֪ϷҲûж飬ֻԼ˵
Ϸ˵ңѾڸϷϴšҲûϲֻ䵭
֪Ϸˡ
У²˳
£͵˼֡
ҲϷ˹ŻġϾһϷ˵Ϸ
ңϷҲµˣԭ
ôöƫƫ̫ƽһˣΪܰ
Ϸˡ۾Ϳǲǹˡ
Ϸ˵˵ްʲô˼֪ģΪǶϵˡ۸ءȻѾ˵С
ȻѾޣ˵ٳƺС㡱ǣϷԶǺӣϷƺΪС㡣
ӹӣ޵ĸˣûϷˣֵϷ˶Һˡ
Ϸ̾˿˵Լ˭޸ܰأܰҪʵۣôܲҲ㡣ֻǣչȴΪʲô
ʵǧһ˵ĴûܰʧȥˡĸȰȰ̫ƽŹܰɣ
ϷĹǺܰİɣô֪̫ƽȥǰΪ˸ܰ״أİɣ̫ƽֻǹȥԪܰûʲô£˸Ӵšµġ
Ϸˣˡڼ֡
ʲôأ̫ƽҲܹȰסģǸȰס𣿡Ϸҡҡͷ˵˽ţ˵ܰȷ˿¡
ûСæ˵
㵽ڻҡϷ̾˿˵ȥǸʵŵֶŮûˡǿϧ
˵ˣҪԷΪ٣Ϸҵġʱ̼ϡ
İҵĻϣӦûǵãҽ̹㣬ԭĵҪǣ㲢ûϷЦˣ˼Ѿյˣˡ
Ϸˡ˵
Ҫ˵ˣ˵ʲôı䲻ҵѾǵˡϷ˱۾Ϳ͡
ˡ
֪ܰһĪչ
ʱСѾӹ⣬ҵС
飬ȷɵﻹжҶԱȹȥһͬһֶҩ
ڻڣһж̫ƽ˵һо綾޷
ϼǴܰΪʲôҪޣ
ʹﶼܰӦ÷Ԫӳ顣̫ƽɫ
Ͼ˵ÿɡСӣȥԪ


789 Ͼ

һֻվ֦ͷŲӸšԼԶ£صҶһһ㣬ƵҶӼżһƬɫ
ɭɭηԪһأڵϡ
ѻոշѾԪ̫ƽΪԪʲô
ڣСӹˡ
ϣ˶𣿡Ԫǰϻọ̃˵
ǵģ̫¹Ȼ㡣һǸϢѾ֪ǱԩˡСЦ
ô̫ƽô𣿡Ԫ͸ִźС
ÿΣԪϣ̫ƽϢ
·ţѻˣ
ܹܺáܹ¸ңʵŮпģ˾塣С˵
Ԫ˵ҿϵ֣Ҳʾ˾ֵʤ߰ɡ
ɣڵҲ尡СϸǵϣȻ̵ӣǣֻ̣ôأڰأ
ԪСӳԾЦͲҪʵӡΪӣС
Сˣԭ̫Ѿ塣ν֣ڹС
ԪһЦˡ
޹Ϧ£ǽĨһɫӵľϹһŻʹãŻԵùޱȡ
̫ƽڿԪ
ȻһԪƮƮʡ
ԪҲ̫ƽ㷢ٲ£ӾɣֻưСŷɫİٵӣ´ɫˮקȹµúһ񣬻ǾĻ
ˣ˿סûбһ
ԪߵǰŻϾ͹үү𣿿ܹﳼϵĶӦѾˡܹҽտ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ΣϵĶѾ裬ûа취ˣֻӻ˥ϡ
ϺȻ
үүԪŹȥץס˻ϵ֣ʵԲûбûүүҵĴ
ҡҡͷޡʵޣǲܰµĶ̫ƽ˵ˣ޲ţֻ˵ġ
ԪЦʵүүѾֻ֪࣬ǣȴԸԡүүԼǲ
ϳĬˣŴŵ飬ۿ£ôˣڼСǰȻһҲӶˡ
ɼ϶ܰǡ鵽̾Ϣ
޶ܰΣܰΪҪԲޣҪأڽˡ
Ϊλֻһܰʵʵǲ̫áټϣܰȥô͵κȻߵȫˡܰǰѣȫ⡣ңҲܽܣڵܰԪ̾˿˵
ǣ粻òܡ̫ƽӻԣܰԿ˷Σضĺ
ϿЦգԭ̫Ӳ䣬ڽ⡣ܰôǲҪջּ⣬ܰץ
̫ƽæ˵Ѿ̫ˡܰӦѾȥ˽⣬һͲ⡣ңܰ»Ϸڣˡڹǽ⣬û˲ٽʿЩڣϱضѾ˹ˣ
ϴһܰѾ׼ɱޣ
ܰĻŷסֻŷѾˡǡŷҲСܰŷҺˣңдʲôЭ飬ǾͲˡŷʲôĳԪϴ޹ãһҪǱض᲻һŻϡ
ϴԼ˵֮ǰǻӹôˣԲܹܰΪ̫ӣҪȻܰһóѣһɱ޵ģ
ϣѾֹˣﳼ̫ƽѾźһУֻҪϸһʥּôܳˡԪɫ
ǵģҺŷѾˣȻŷңһѾһɢɳһܰµġİɡ̫ƽο֮߱߱ˣȻδĻʵۣ
Ȼһ˶ԼĸҲµ֣ο𣿡Ԫ˵
ǺãǣҪдʲôʥּ̾˿֪ȥʵѾ½ˣֻǣ޻ȥ޺òã
Ԫ˵үүҽ£治ﳼܼġﳼԸڳ䶨֮󣬱ҽүүҽΡ
Ĵ˵ǣ˭̫ƽѾҽտˣȴ޲ߡ
һˣҽԶ֮ϡһΪϽⶾ̫ƽһתӡ
Ǿӽ̣տҽģ磬ûѧһء
ӵҽɲ⣬书һ
ֻǲ֪Ƿ񻹻š


790 õگ

Ҫôҵأ̾˿˵һҪڶҵʲô𣿡
̫ƽЦӣʱ֣㲻ʱͻˣڻҪʱֵġİɡ
̫ƽôԪĵ˵
Ȼ˽⾣ӡ̫ƽͷ
ô˵ҲȻˡ롣
ȻˣϣΨһϣˡһҪԼģҲİҪȻܰļƻһʵ֡ǴҾͶˣ㲻ΪԼ룬ӦΪǴһ룬Ϊһѽ̫ƽ˵
ƺܷˣص˵ͷ˵۹ⲻһϱ
ô˵үүǴӦˣԪЦһϲ
Ȼֻܾޣ޵ȻӦ˹ھдʥּλѻλΡ
лүүﳼһṼԪ¡
̫ƽĥ
ǵʥּڽԪʱԪ˵㿴𣿻үүڻڹˣ֪ˡףԭɣһʵʵֲ˵Ը
ǵģ硣̫ƽˣһɹģһΪһûʵ۵ģ
ɫգǵ㣬ƺڻӦԪĻ
Ԫס̫ƽ˵̫ƽίˡȥҪһδ£ȳɣȥ
еҶźˡҲ뿪㡣̫ƽ˵ȥܰš
ǣ󣬾̫ܰӵʽԪһ
ǰԣ׼ˡ˵ˣҲѽ񡣡̫ƽһЦ
ԪЦҾ֪һָȥɻˣڣôʹˣ
Ҹĺֵܣһ˭̫ƽԴЦ
ѵǣ
µ׼̫ƽЦ
ѵԸ˹ˣԪһ
ѾˣɱŷѩݶģΪΪԼܹ¿ʼͰŷѩݶɱˣͶˣܰ߳ʹ˵Ѿаܰɱء̫ƽ˵ͷͷǵ
㰲ŵúáԪ̾˿˵
̫ƽЦǵģȷҰŵĺã˶ˣֻǰ˵ǲ˶ѡ
ô˵Ӧϵĺãȱһɣ֮ϰԪ٩áȥһ
԰ڡ˹̫Բûá
Ԫס˾˵ԭ㣬ҶšûϵΪɱİˣ˵ԲˣӦҡ
ŷѩݶҵİˣһֱң䲻ҵİ̾˿˵
Ԫҡҡͷ˵ͨΪеܸˣҾθԵ̫ã˺߳ˣ㲻ǹңҲΪˡ
ҵȵģ̫ҵȻ㡣ʵ
ʱѾסܰҷų㣬ܰŪ赹ˡʱܰԡΪڶĲ׼
̫ƽ͵Ľҡ̫ƽץס֮ܰٴңҪʲô
дܰμĲ䣬ٰܰҪЮܰ
ѽյܰѹˡ
㣬̫ƽˣܰȻʶ
ȰǺˣҵֽҷȰúΥСҪ˵ѱܰĲϡ
ܰˣʲô
˵ˣҪȥμӲ䡣˵ǰûѡ񡣡
䡣Ҫʼˡ
̨ѾˣȻ޽˺ܾá
ٹǾһعˣֻǴҲû˵Ҫ˵Ͽ϶ҪģǴҶ֪岻áҪ治Ҳпԭġ
Ԫ̫ƽˣȻŷԪˣǳ֣ܿ죬Ԫʧˡ
ŷʵ̫ƽԪȥˣȳģ
ǿ𣿻飬˵˵̫ƽЦ
㡭ŷŭգͲӦһŮģҪҲӦĸ㸸׹ʲô֣
ѵطң̫ƽ˹ȥ
ŷսȭͷŭɶŮˣд
ʱҲܰˡ
̫ƽϸȥܰαװȷˡ
̫ƽЦˡ


791 

ܰȻ߽Ȧˡ
һֻӥչ˫ᣬڵͿջ衣޴ĳڵͶһƬӰ
俪ʼˣŽ쳹
̫ƽܰߵλϼᡣ
˷ܵġɷӣͺѾܰˡ
̫ƽ˳
ܹ̫ƽһ£Ҳ̫ƽĸܰȦס
ǣⳡһĶմսУû˭Ǻˣû˭˭Ӯˡ˭ʸһ
ΪԪҲΪԼΪ˺ӣ̫ƽѡˡĺ
Ȼܰû̫ãʹʥּˣ˵ˣܰڵҩ¶ıϣﲻ⣬Ϊ̫ӡץ
ܰһʲôˣ˵˲㡣
ҿ֤ȷǻϵ˼С˳˵
ӿǻϵ̫࣬ĻȨġ
ǲţԻȥʻϣֱȥʻϣϻ᲻ǣɾ˵ˡСһﲦǧ
仰ڳ˶סˡ
ܰҲǳصģȻذвԼûĸ֮ˡ
Ӫı֮ǰܰģʱҲˡ
Լͳ죬вΪ׵Ľվ˳ȵ˭в̫ӵ£񣬾ŻӵѾ̫ӵˣ̫ӵдҲӦɻʹЩôȥץ̫ӵأǻҪҪˣ
ǻ˵ܰһִĽ죬ֻǿϧˡõӾȻܰġ
ʥּѵʥּ𣿡СЦ
ϲˣ˭֪گǲαģȨѡšǽɫ֮ӪĽʿǣӵ̫ӵµġ
ϵʥּǺôĵӣѵǲ֪֮£ĪǻĪ̫ӵ𣿡Ҳݡ
ǶǴˣûѧĻ˵秵ġ֪Ƕ̫ӵµģ˵ʥֻּóһֽѣ˵ˣǲ֤ǲαģǣϹǽƵ˵ϾӪĽʿܶ࣬ڣܰռϷơ
Ǻôĵӡŭ
̫ƽڰ˵Ҳ˵һ䣬ΪܰĶҪҿ⣬˵ʥּαģ⻰Ҫƾ֤˵ģҪȻԸΪܰľȥ𣿾һԸ⣬ѵӪнʿǣҲԸ𣿡
̫ƽеıӪʿǣϾ¹˻᲻ͬ⣬ֻҪַܳԵ˵ӪĲ룬˶࣬һɢɳˡ
ȻӪĽʿǣʼ۷׷
Ӫ˶ҡˡǽż̫ӵ֮ǰôǵЧҵʱ򡣡
ܰҲû˵ңֻҪҳΪʵۣһṼ֧ҵ˵ġʥּǼٵģֻҪǸҽʹҾͿԳΪʵˣɰڴһ١ǽҵʱ򡣡
ǰⱲӣҲҲĺûᣬܹһٳˣҪ̫ӵһ𽨹ҵǾ͸Ͻʹȥɡǽ˵
̫ƽæ˵ǽȥǽҵǽȥʵѡм̳нɽģͲܰߣȥѡܰںˡ׿˵ģҪԪʵۣ
˵ԪӺϣôŷ̲סվ˵̫ƽԪδޣȻ˵ˣ
ʥּ̫ƽóʥּʱԪشȺ˳̫ƽ˵䶼ʵ飡
ܰЦԪıϱΣȻӳˣõ
ܰ۾ҲûйȥˣԪ̾˿˵Σֻлϵܷŵóҳÿ֤ϸẦңҲ֪ǱܰӺģΪԣҳˣ
̫ƽʥּڼǰǺúÿȻ󽻸СˣСӺһȺ˾͹Ԫǰ
̫ջعǻɻϵԸ
ܰŭԪıȨλ
ıλˣȻҡԪ򶨵˵ʥּѾ˵úˣ㻹ִԲ𣿡
ܰŭˣԪץ
˭ңԪĮϢ̵ôǣĤʹˡ
ҸҡŷŭԪʥּΪҪԼʵۣԸΪĵʯˣ˵֮


792 ȸѹ

̫ƽߵԪǰס˵ŷֱǰŷ
ʱһŮ
̫ƽϳˣСģ
ԭ̫ƽɵŷԵ׵Сģһֱܳɫ˳ȡŷ׵ΣΪŷ׵ĳ檡˭֪Сʵ̫ƽˡ
ΣСĴˣŷ˽ύ󳼵֤ݡ
ڴʵΪ˿ƴ󳼣ǲᵳӪ˽ġ
ǣŷǡǡˡ
ԭҲ̫ƽˡŷСĵĽŭ벻һӢȻСˣ
ܰ˵һС檣˵Ǳ̫ƽģƬ֮ʣ
̫ƽ˵СȻݵλʵ֤ݣ˵ƾʲôܹôţѵǿʶӦ𣿡
ŷŭ̫ƽ㲻Ҫ̫ڣδܶӮǵ˶һ㡣
Ԫ΢΢һЦŷ㸸ˣȻҲʼˣʲôž˻һأ
ŷŭԪСˣ֮ǰٰݽƭҸףǾӦɱ㣬ʱɱ㣬н죿
ŷǸˣǵıӦ
Ԫ䣬ϡ
Ԫôôܰˡ
ףǵѾǵɱˡ϶վߣȻеĽǵǲˡԪ˵
̫ƽЦΪ˲Լһ벻˳֡
˭֪ܰڣܰԪƾСҲֳɣԥžıߡ
ϾѡˣͻḶĴۡԲ
Ѿˡ̫ƽת
Ʈһ
ļٷ磬üĿȴԵ÷ǳ㡣
ִ֣Ÿֱޣý˫ȼĹ
ڳˣһȸ
ڳЩϳ껹ȸĺѣ㲻ϳҲŹȸĴ߼ȸ۷硣
ʱԪҲһ̫ƽ㡭ΪңȻ֪ͨȸˣ
̫ƽͷȥȸ콫Լġ
Ƕӭ˹ԣȸ֧˭Ǿ֧˭
ܰˣŷ˵ô죿
ŷȴתˡ
ЦܰˣҪˡͶر㰮ĺͰˡ
ܰŭҪܣûʸ񣡡
ôǲʸأԪȻ˹ν׼ܰ˵Ŀ⸴ӡ
㣿˰ɡȸʣʥּΪԼʵۣԣӺңûʸ񣡡ܰЦû䣬û䣬̫ӣʤ֮䣡
ܰ벻㵽ڻִԲΪ˳Ƶۣ϶ԼӺѵΪΪ˸λҿǴӦԸȥϣֻҪһɢүͿԣһһʲ飬ҲտĿ̵ˡպʾܰ°շĵؽأԪŭܰҾϵĻϵĸ׵ĻλңҪˣ
ⷬ˵˰ȸ̲סЦ̫£ˣ㸸ģΪ˲ٹףϧȴա㸸׼̳лλЩûвӵġ˵ǲǣ
ȸͷӵԪһһʼվԪˣӪĺܶཫʿҲܰ˶ҡ
ܰȥҪԼϲš
ԪͷԣȻ㲻ƺĲôԼϣɻ׿ڸ㣬жʧɡ
ܰˡ
ӵܰˣԸ⳼ģ뿪Ը⳼Ԫģ
Ȼ޹ܰԼ˻ϡ
ΪʲôһһҪΪʴΪʲôҪӺΪʲôƵۿЦ
ʣûСܰ˵Ԫġ
벻µ㻹ȻԸϣ㵱ɵʵһ֪ɵŵĶֻǲԸŰˡƵۿЦǸɡ
ܰʣֶһʱϣԭ¶ɣ
Ƶ̾˿˵ûжÿԻȥˡ޲ġӴԺǸûбȨҲûʵȨһӲ뿪ǡ
֪ܰǶõĽˡ
ܰˡ
̫ˡһƬ
̫ƽص˶һֻٻţһƬػչ


793 ž

̫ƽںڵ㷢ɴ٣һĶϹһԺ觶ңŽѩİӡ£һ׻ɫĽ¡߸ߵͷϣһɫĲϷŵĹ⣬Ƭ촽Ѫ
Ժﳤ˸߲ˣɫĻƹһľ׹ƺϾҪˡ
ײ˳Ҳʢڲ˸зڵķϺһЩ䶯С򾡣
ЩӾİӵĳɹ̫ƽܸ˵ĿԺ߲ˡ룬ڳˡ
ϲ߹˵̫ƽǹϲˡ̫ѾӮˣ̨ܰŷҲⲻҪȥصƿˡ
̫ƽߵЦûأϺ̫кܶҪʱ˲ء
˭ˡϴӾİ˳ȥ
Ԫ¶Ż
һ£ڴһȦơһưɫĿ£һ˫ɫƤѥٷ硣
磬ôæôпչ֪ڻкܶҪġϾϾҪǻΪʵˣԣ㲻ңҲԹġ̫ƽ˵
Ԫס̫ƽЦȽҪҹһʱ仹еġ
ʱŷңѾѾǰ߼Ҳ뿪ˡ
ŷŭ˺üƿޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣǣѾ̫ˣҪ߾ߺˣȻôֵǮ֮ﶼߣ뵱ûټױģ
ŷҵļҲˣǹǹͬôµΣѵģ˴ְ
ҲѽŷҪϳͷԽŷְλģͷľԽء֮ǰ඼ҪλںˣһŸλ֮Ψֲ
ŷֻĿƣγ̬ʱᵽŷ׵ΣŷѾˣŷû˻ȫȫ⡢Ҵذˡ
ŷû취ֻн
ʱ֪ŷѾˣŷҼֱ֮ǰŷ׵ĸҲѡ˲֡
ɺӳ˽ħơȻ󣬺ȸˡ
Ȼ̫ƽдŸ
÷ݯȸطꡣ
һطžۣⱾǶôϲ飬Ҷϲ
÷ݯ˵ǲڵЩ̫ƽһֱڰңһˣҲǹûģǳ
ȸ̾˿˵ǰӦȥл
ʮһֱڷ㣬Ը⡭÷ݯ̾˿˵Ը˳
ݯ֪Ҷ˼޿ȡ˵أȸˣûҵĶ顣һᱨģѽ˵ˣҷ޶ĥѣط꣬׷أ𣿡
ǰĸף㲻֪ڱ߹ʱжô˼㣬ÿζε㰡ĸףȻǵĶˣǣȻҲǲĲɢǵġɺ˵
÷ݯжؿˣԵĻҪ뿪أҲʱʱ̶̿ѽ
Ȼˣ롣ȸ÷ݯ˵ߣ̫ŵˣϴҹȥһף½ۡס̫ƽṩĿջɡ
ǵģĸףܰȫġɺҲ˵ôˣӲТûглĸϥ£ھ͸һТĻɡ
÷ݯͷԶӣĸлл㣬ôôãӦýȥɣ
ӦõģӦõġȸ÷ݯ߽ȥһȥ
ιģͻȻͻͻͻѾ߹˵콫ˡ
ֲãֲãҵôôˣΪʲôÿټˣҵĻ˷ܳţתͷȸѾˡ
μЩлչҼӣһݡȸϹ
ּǿɵȻơǺͼǸӡغϡ󣬡콫ˣ˱Ҽˣαôأ
ģΪҪ÷ݯ뿪ˡȸҲǿżɽ
Ҫߣһ
ǵģ̫ѾΪǰźססҲǲ㣬Ƿ޸ոžۡȸ͵
ǣǷ޸ոžۣҲ᲻÷ֿģǷֿأ˵⻰ʱȻˡ
÷ݯˣʵҡ
㲻˵ˣݯ콫Ը˳Ǹ鲻ȥټϣ콫ҲƷǻˣܱңҲҪԸԸѽЦ


794 ԭ

ҶԲ㡣÷ݯ
ûжԲҡЩҲͨˣİһֻҪҸãΪҵĽǷ룬ĺأֻҪܰͷϣҸһӣҲҸˡȻ˵
лл㡣÷ݯĴ£һᱨġ
ȸԼ¹ˣҲŹһݡ
콫ǶǸأҪҵҲֻǾౡ֮÷ݯ콫ȥ߹ܿ࣬ҲȲ㣬ûʲôˡ
ʲô֪Ϊ˺ܶˣǿϧʲôܻر㡣ǽҪңһҶȸ˵
仰Ҵ޺ˡΣ㹻𣿳ԴöȶôҪҪҸһȥĵ˵
ˣǶС
һٷɡ
ˣɺڸء
ҲҲãҲˡʵ˵Щֻȸһ£¶һҲá
󣬻ؿİ뿪ˡ
ʵ۵޹ƣ¯ȼ㶼ͨĳƵͭ˿㣬̵˿㡣
Ʈ죬ģ˵棬̨ݶЩ̨ϡ
ȸԪ˻ʵ޹ſڡ
̫£˵ҽȥĺ𣿻ϻ᲻ȸ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵콫ôȥˣүүûǹȥǼ£ǻүүһĲڻүүΣûм㣬ĵġ
ҾŪɳ׾ȸ̾˿˵
ģүү֪ˣүүҲɵӡ˵ˣлүүҪˡүү岻ˣֻҺ̫ƽܸҵȥңʥּѾУʱԵǻүүҲѾȨԪ͵
һȰȨˣĸķȨ𣿡ȸһ
ҲаΪɵԭȺŷ׺ܰӺȥˣȨĸҪүүǷֵúģ콫ͷİɡԪʹĵ˵
ǵҲǣûʲôȥȨأðɣ̫£㡣ҽȥˣǣ㲻һȥ𣿡ȸ̾˿˵
ˣ廹ϵˡ콫ףˡ
һƣȸ˽
ڴϿ˭ǿ𣿿ҵûУ
ϣǣҡȸȸص˵ⷬʱѾ˴ǰŻʵ۹
ϴһҪȸʱĶҪ鴤ˡ
أ㲻ңϾߡȸˣǳ塣
ǣǣȸҲĻ𣿡ϵڲ
Ȼ֪㲻ϣһһ˽»ˣ߹صѾˡӺڱ߹أǴһġȸ̾˿˵ûеõϵ׼ˡ
ң֪һǿ벻һϵҲôã⣬ѽϸ̾
ϣŰɡҸˮȸûʵ
ߣڴ˵˵ɣѾкþûиˡϺȻסȸ˵
Ҫ죬ġȸϵ˵
ھҪ˵ٲ˵ûлˣ޻ǵùȥ൨ģϧް÷ݯҪӺ㣬Ӷõ÷ݯ˭֪÷ݯӡֻ÷ߡϿЦôʵԩ㡣޾Ҫˣϣԭޣúýҵ
ϲҪô˵һģ˵ˣ̫£㲻˵Ҳġȸ۾
޾ͷˣ޻һ°㣬޵İǡϣ㶼ܹưǣûг𣬶˺ǡ͵޵ϡϿ
áȸǸˣ϶ˣʲôӦģ
Ȼ˻֮Уȸ߳Ԫ˵Ҹ϶̸ˡ
֪֮ǿԺͽģлˡԪȸļ˵
̫︮ϡ
԰еļɽһԵø䣬ݳȴܾǽ굽档
̫ƽȻɺҲˡ
ܹȻùɫ㰡ϧѾ̫ҪȻһҵϱɺĬһ˿̿ͷǳɫ£¶ɫĲ¡ɾ䡣


795 

ɺһû䰡
һӢ˲˵ʱҲû
̫ƽЦͲСˣȷҪϱˣҰɫһλʵģ
òáö˶˵ĹɵҪأʲôɣҲŲҪءɺں˵
ѽⲻ˵Ҫҵģ̫ƽҡҡͷ
ɺЦǿܹ̫ˡԣ˵˵ˡ
ʱ̫ƽ˵Ӱˮι֡Ʈɢˮ
ɺЦ̫ˡ
ɺֱֱؿ̫ƽ̫ƽҲɺһȲ衣
ɺܳ˵þûŮӶôˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷЦΨһĹѪ콫űء¡Ǹúúˡ
ܹҷ֣ԽԽˣʼ߻ˡɺƲƲ졣
ǹǹ콫ĺӡһߵĺ̲ס˵
ɺЦúúãһ취취ܹҲ°˰ﵽ¡
ֲ֪Ҫ̫֡ƽҡҡͷֻ˵ˡ
ֻҪøܹһÿͿԣøܹ㳤һģһɺЦ
㰡㡭̫ƽ̲סЦˡ
ѽǸͽӣҵϷǼҹĺɷȻ
ҿûеϷ˼˵ĿĻɺæܹͣŲأ
̫ƽЦĺɣ˼칫֮󣬿ûпյϷŮͱˡ
ĺƲƲ졣
ǡܹʶ壬˵ϲ˵ҲãҶøܹ׽һ㡣ɺŲЦ
죬ɺܿĺܿġ̫ƽַ·𿴵ʮǰĸ磬һȲ裬ɺҲ˵źĬĻ
磬ǣȴһֱ̫ƽļ
ð̫ƽЦеĻһܣֻ
Ҳ²£òնɣһָõζɺš
˵ĺɶЦˣ칫ӣ㾿ն裿նǽиõζ𣿡
ǲиõζǽʲôζž͸Ƿùһɺһ
кζòãĺҡҡͷ
ʵ칫ݴõĺܶԣζǸζҽտɲõնⸯζȽŨءҵͦʺ㡣Ϊ֪ڱ߹ôꡣµĿ϶Բãã˯ãȻθҲãԺúõθĻն軹ǱȽʺϡ躮θ̫ƽعĵ
ܹ벻ĲҵúܺãĿɺܳ˵
ʵҪ˵ɺˣĺҲֻ֣ĺҲҶײɺˣΪ̫ƽɺ
⻰ǹˣ칫ϲԶʱӭ̫ƽϵ飬ϵġ
ĻǼٵģǹԺģ
ǣ칫ӣҿǰΪѵġɡҸʳ԰ɡ̫ƽȻԵ÷ǳ¡
ǹɻҩˣǹվȻ˵㣬ɼӰиĺĽ˵
ʵɸɸȥʡ
ʿַʽƣ򳴡Чһ
̫ƽȡʣϴ֮ˮУûãʱĹĹĵģƤ·һ¡
ζˣ̫ƽȡ©ףˮϵƤȥƵßʡ
ȡȥ⣬óƽɫǳʣõʱ鼴ɡ
ˣ˹ɺԵúܿġûоˡ
ɺǷǳĵģ˺ܶˡ
ĺɳԴ˵λ칫ӣͷһμ棬ôأū澻ûмһ飬˲֪ģΪ׸ء
̫ƽ˵ȷ׸硣仰û˵ڣ̫ƽѾ۵ˡ
ܹž۵ĸоǺ̫ƽԼûа׻ˣټƻҲɵĲˡ
ʹڴߴԪҵӣ޿첻ˣҾӰɡ
ǡ
Ԫȥңǣ̫ƽԪ˳ң󶯸ɸֻ꣬þӶӲǻҵˣԼҪ
⣬ߣס˺Ӷܣֻ鶯ߴߴܼԾ
Ԫ˵үү첻ˣ̫ƽ˵ҪȥҲźأ
̫ƽһɫıɴһϺɫĳȹҷڵأЦҲһֱ룬ҾѾͨˡ


796 

Ŷ̫ƽҾ֪ôһҵӵġԪЦ
̫ƽҡҡͷǣĴȻϻָ㻹˳̳лλ𣿲Ҫˣһǣ޳
̫ƽˣ游ȡϵĸҲҵģټ̫ƽһҽģҲȻȵ顣ԪشȻҲ̫ƽǳġ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ǵġҲġ磬ҪҲҪȣҾͲȡȻ˵ˡ
ԪͷʵһԸɽѾôá
ԡϾ֪ӵˡ̫ƽһ˫۾ڰ׷ӣϷ˵ĸ磬ԭҶϪǰ¹̫ӡ
ԪԾ棬ΪԪ֮ǰҲµˡ
ôһֱգҪʲôأֻ򵥵ҽһ𣿡Ԫüëӣ޴־ˣһıԶǡΪӪӢۺúߡ
ô˵ȼ˵ɡ̫ƽ̾˿
ǣٲ̫ƽҵ𣿡ԪЩš
̫ƽ̾˿˵ֻ˵ġΪԼÿҶǵһؼ棬ȥܾˣ˵ÿ궼иᡣÿ궼껹ȥˣֻҪȥʱˣ˵ܼˡ
Ԫͷһȥ
ҶǡʵһľԲԵĵطﳣٻţơ
ûжҲûļļ紺ϰϰ
̫ƽԪһ糾ͣҶǡ
һ鴫ΪµһȪˮ뵡ʤաԪչ첲ã̫ƽȻס졣
ס죬ǻϵȵü𣿡̫ƽЦҡҡͷ
ѽҲǴеĿġԪ̾һ
磬ģΪ̫ںһ𹲶ȵʱˣԣ㶼ܹҶһ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽ̫˽ˡ˽ҵˡԪж˵
ʱȻϪͷһģʱԽʱƽˮҲơ
̫ƽȻ˵
Ԫ˵ǸϽȥ
硣㻹ȲҪȥһȥɣȥ̫࣬ŲңӶõģԸˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵ҲӣļӿǺܴġ
ʶҵģѵұܶ𣿡Ԫ̾˿˵˵ˣһٵǸ˲ǾӡʲôΣأôһȥ
Ȼʶ㣬Σֻһˣȸ档һٹˣİɣֻоܵóǱ˵ģҲʲôΣա̫ƽĶ򶨵˵
ǡ
Ҫˣɴ߱ҪСڵġ磬İɡ̫ƽ˱Ԫ
ůĻԪǸˡ
̫ƽһ˽ȥԪ̫ƽıӰҨ˿ˮںȡ
Ǻй̫ƽһϲˮҶҨȥԪЦ
̫ƽһǰߣԽԽ̫ƽȴһɾеĵӡ
ȻڹսǴԶԶؿһĨϤӰһϮ£棬ָǽڷϡ
Ϻõľģ߸Ҿ˵ͷ˿ģ֮ϵÿһϺõľƷľƷȴ٣ǰˡ
ȻѾͺܴˣƣһ磬ˬӡһվڼȺİ׺ףŲϵգ
̫ƽ֪Ǿӡ
ûͣҲûп̫ƽƺ̫ƽΪڡ
̫ƽԣӻóһ裬ʼݲ裬֮ǰݲķȥⱭ裬̬ţɫɲ͡ȲݺúһˣҲͣˡ
ÿʱҶڵһˣȻÿûܾҲԹꡣ̧ͷȻ˵
ǲֻǻΪ˻ǣΪһˣǽˡ̫ƽ˵Ѿ棬ǵøĳŵ
ӿЦţ̫ƽ˵ǻҲãݲӸһģһ룬ĻӦ굽ˡ
Ҳң֪ʦյֽʲôҹȥȻʦȴԸңοɲԸأ̫ƽ˲˵


797 ѡ

ҡҡͷ˵ʵҪֵģֻҪ֪ɾͿˡ
ʦ˵ĻôеðɣҾȨҽʦӣʦ̫࣬Ҳ֪ô̫֡ƽЦ
Ҫ֣Ҫʲôֶԡ̾˿˵˵ɡǲΪǸ
ʦ̫ƽˣʵҲ㡭
ܹлˡȻˣͺúùӰɣҲȥģǼȻԳ棬һƻҩ㣬ԼǺˡҪҪЦĿﶼãһǲҪĺá
̫ƽʵʦЩ㶼벻ûгȴѾ֪£ϲΣ㶼֪ˣһ¾Ͳ³Ŀġ
ܹﰡʵЩһֱûӣȥȲ˵ˡҲϣô֪ҵ١ǣһһټġӸ̾
ʦҪΪʲôǺһסأһúТ˳㣬̫Ҳһ̫ƽˡ
Ҳڴҵ㲻ҵӿʼҩҩ㿴һ飬ͻˡҽǻҩ
֪ǰ¹̫ӣ³ˣҲ˶ԲԣôأһжȥˣԿʼոµ书ǿ㲻µġ̫ƽο
һжزȥˡ֪𣿡Ӽţ̫ƽʵʦѾŹˣΪʲôͲԷŹأ
۾һܹǱѩȻ֪ЩһֱڸʵԴҲǳ¹̫֮һŵΨһĿľʣ˸𡣾ǿϧѾôˣҵļƻûȫʵ֡
ô˵ʦļƻѾʵһˡЩƻ̫ƽһ
ܹֻҪ֪ҩôͺˡӲ˵
˾ôš
ΧĿܰܰ
ϴɣաжá
ȡһ쳴ɫ΢˱ȡ⳴ֹк
⡣ԼƣǷֹ̿Ѫ
ȻͬһҩͬƷЧ졣
𣿡Ц롣
̫ƽͷȴˣʦҶˡл̻ҵҽ
Ȼԣ١
ʦˡ֪һμʲôʱ򡣡̫ƽᡣ
Եܻġ˵꣬ͷʼ١
ġ̫ƽ۾ʪˡ
̫ƽԪ
뵽˵ʱԪ̫ƽתˡ
ڲԶӢͷ״̫ƽԪȴԶ̫ƽ֪ˡ
ڽȥҲˡ
ӲңԪһ
ҽλϵҩģҲ̻̫ƽͷ
Ը𣿡Ԫ̾˿˵
˹˵ġҲ̹ˣ֪뿪ӵĵط̫ƽ̾˿˵
һӰȥٵĵطѾҩˡԪҡҡͷ
ǵģоˣǾӽҾҪҪ̫ƽ۾ĺɫˡ
һ粻;𣿡
Ҫ˼һϱпȨ¶֮ǰдʥּ˺ٵġ磬Ϊ£һҪһ¡̫ƽε˵
Ԫͷ̫ƽһǾȻүүҲԼȡҪȻһôԸ֮飿
磬Ǿ㡣̫ƽЦ
ڻȥʱѾΪŮĽ
ԪЦδ޹Ȼ˫ֲΪܾҡ
Ԫ̫ƽʣ磬˭
񡣡ԪҲܳʵ
ǸһֱĿջϰѽ̫ƽЦȻô
㡭̫ƽ⡣
ŷѾˣѾɥ֮Ȯ˰ɣ̫ƽĺĺùء
㡭ҧгݡ
㻹ǿ߰ɣùҳֽѵ㣬̫ˣһýѵءԪĿϬ
̾˿˵Ԫɺ
ԪЦôֿɺˣ
̫ƽæ˵ɺʲôҾ㣬ɺǸʵˣ㲻Ҫȥ
˫ֱأƲƲ˵ôżʲôҲһʣϴߵ̫æҵҵĶҪֻɡ
̫ƽһȻ£


798 ɺĵһ

㲻ˣɺŪˣ˭ǼҲǱˡ̫ƽм˵
ֲɺʲôˣƾʲôô϶Ҵɺ۾￴ҵġŵ˵
㲻Ҫ˵ŮˣôԻɺӢأ̫ƽǳҲɺ
ЦŶ˵Īǣϲɺ԰̫δޡôʸϲأ̫𣿡
Ԫŭ񣬱죡̫ƽģ
ʲôʱˣԼôɺ˵Ԫ֪̫ܰƽǣˣԼδޣôıӣԴô㣬޷Ӧأǡǲɣ˫ֱأһЦ
Ԫ˵С˼ƽϣӰб̫ƽߡ
ЦǲңɺҲа취ҵġ
Ԫ̫ƽᣬˡ
صǣ̫ƽܵɺԪ˵Ԫȥʹ̫ƽҪȥȸǡ
Ԫͬˡ
ȸѾס޽츮ˡ
֮Ҫ޽һ츮סԭ츮ΪȸȻɹȥǻϸģƽԼԼԣȸܵѻүס츮ϡ
ȸԪͰһլһ£ȸһסȥѾǡд˼ҵˡ
̫ƽȥʱµ츮ѾǾ·ֻصСʱҡ
ɺһУӭ˳ܹҵﶼ׼ϯˡ
̫ƽɺȻҪװЦô֪Ҫϯ𣿡
ҵ˵첻֪ôģȻԤеܹҪ׼ϯҺﶼţ˭֪ܹﰡˣɺԵ÷ǳ˷ܣܹ㲻Ҫǣ
ôأˡ
Ȼ˷ǳʢȸ÷ݯ˳Уӭ̫ƽ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ƕ̫ˡ
ܹǿ㣬ҲúϤСôԺ󣬾ͰﵱԼˣҪȸЦ
ãͰﵱԼһˡ̫ƽɺԸ̫ƽϿӡ
̫ƽСʱһһԷɺҲϿӡɵӯɰɺѾ̫ƽһġ
ϲˣȸʣҹ̫ＸΣ̫ﶼڸϡرȽæ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ϵĲ鷴أ̫ΪϵĲ鱼
ȸͷ̫һǷǳТ˳ġ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ٹӡʵҲһҪҪһ£֪ʶʶһŮӽнģ
ɺһܹô֪ˣ
ֻܸңϲʶɺһ¡
ȸ򸾵עУɺ˵ͷ˵ʶһ·׷ҡҺ׶㿪ˣŮӿѲ
ǽ˵Ȼ㣬ҪȻҸҲӵġ̫ƽɫ̽Ŀ⣬ɺ
Ȼ£ȸ˵ɺǲ
ɺͷĬˡ
÷ݯһɺĪ
ɺҡҡͷεЦ˵ʲôأֻҵʱԺѱΪɲһ˫壬÷ǳɣҾҲֵǮĶպŮ׷ҾвҵʱġֻǲȻˡ
ȻˣԭӣҰɣպˣҾͰŮܲףӾ㡣̫ƽƽ˵
ܹǱŮҲͰˣŮ书ǿȥΣ֮Уҵ»Լɡɺˡ
ûµģʲôһ·Ҷû¹ѵڻɣɺš
ǣڿ˵ġ̫ƽ˵
ɺˣĵһףǱȥģɺδϲ񣬿ǶԽȴһֱĸо
ɺĪϲŮ𣿡÷ݯĵ˵ĪҪˣ㸸ƽ֮Ҵӣǰ;ڣҪʲôĴҹûУôҪŮأ
ǰٹӣҲΪģҾǾҪټΪã㽻ҰɣȻ书ǿ̫书Ҳ̫ﻹˣϾҲ֪Ϊ˰̫Ҳ㡣˵̫ҲΡ̫ƽ˵


799 ѱ

÷ݯЦɺѵܹģΪܹ㣬ʹӦɡ
ɺ̾˿˵ܹҿ԰㣬Ӧң㲻Ҫһ˼òã٣̫»һȥ
á̫ƽӹȻһ˫̫ƽҲúܺÿ³Ľôôأ˲˼顣
Ԫʹ͵һʱιҩӵҩȻҩϳ֮ͻָһЩɫҲˡ
ȻҩƳ¡ϲŸոտԣɲָϾͺáǻ϶ʱġ
ϲ糯ԪʹΪ糯
ԪʵʵĻȨˡ
ʱŷңѾھ޴ĿֻķˣǷ׷̴ְŷûмˣŷսƽ
ŷû뵽ǣʱܾȻˡ
ŷǷϵӣۼˡ
ҲֻŷһеʱܲԼѾŷˡ
ǸĶȻܱŷһһƣŷÿζռܣһԺӺҸһġ
ΪӺǸǳθеˡ
ѾûȥӺˣֵǣһ㶼ŷ
ܵȴסһˣһÿζر𻵵ˣǸ˾ŷ
Ǽҹŷܵķӵܻͻ
ܿһαŷѹ¡
Ϊû˸˴Ŀ֡
Ŀ֣ȾϵĿС
ᣬȻȥԼñġ
ɵ֪ܵŷ;ĩ·ʱʹ༫ˣ޲Ͼͼ쵰ǣļȴ棬ʵĻ˵
ʲôŷȻˣɱϻȴģҵĳ侮ʯ𣿡
ȴȥסŷ
ŷͻȸŪסˡ
ϣŷ侲ƿܣʲô㲻Ҫݣұҿʲô¡ȻӺɱҸ㣬ڿɶķ
ӺԪһҪɱŷءŷڹϣȥܡ
УܾôѵҵŴ֮ͥ£Լʲôô𣿡ܿˡ
ΪʲôѽŷһôѵͬңҲҪһŮ˵ͬ顣
Ҳͬ㡣ֻ뿴㣬ֻ뱧㣬ֻԶһ𣡡ʵ֪֪
ŷôҲ벻ܻᰮԼˡ
ҿû衣˵ĶĻ
ڿû취һˣѱˣŷЦ
ȥĽȥԣȥĲһأʵ
ǹȥŷڵʲôӺ㣿ŷЦһء
һӺ˵ġӺǿ֮ˣ֪Ѿ˼֮ʵҲ֪Ҹ֮䲢ް飬һŹҵġ˵˵ˣѾϲ㣬ǲǿġ
̫ˡӺϲ㣬飬ôŹǣһɱҵģߣ߰ɡٲ߾ˣߡŷ̾˿˵
ӿˡŷҪ
һҪҲߡ֮ǰùЩŮˣѾһûУֻҳˡ˭ã㻹֪𣿡ʵôĸߣ
ŷĶˣ̲סܵ˵ôأ֪Ԫ̫ƽҪɱһʵǰѱɱŹһ㣬Ҫˡ
ԭĹãȥ̫ƽ͵ŹǡһĿǼᶨ
ûõģ̫ƽҪ˵ͨ˵ͨˡԪŷҿǺ֮ءŷ̾һ
㸸ѾˣŷѾûôԻˣΪʲôҪϾɱأܷ߷߲ƽ˵
նݲ紵룬̫ƽԪġŷ̾˿˵ܣл㣬һ㶼ңֻǿϧһУҲܸʲôˡ
ܲ˲˵һжҼ̫ƽ˵ɡ
ջ
ֵһһ죬ǵƮļڣΪҪˣææµµġ
̫ƽüëͣ


800 

̫˴բзһƵģѾˣ˹ءĺɶ˹Цӯӯ˵
Ϸг𣿡̫ƽӡ
У̫˺ܶ࣬Сĺ˸߲ңϷ˻͸ǳзء
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵ġʱڣзء
̫ƽسзȴ˵ˡ
ɡ̫ƽ̾˿˵Ӻţ˵Ҫˡ
ܴʱȴݷ̫ƽѵΪ֪ôӺ𣿱ϾܵĺӣӺġӺҲ֪ˡ
طꡣӺܶΡ
ԭԸϣȽηηβ˵ֻжһ·ˡ
Ȼⶼֻ̫ƽĲ²ˡ
ˣһأͷӶûд
㲣ȥ·ոտ޹
̫ƽЦ°ɣﻹдբзȳԴբзȺȾջأ
ʵ̫¶ԽãϼĴբз̫æ͹ˡŽͽǱ뵽Լ
̫ƽΪ˵ܺӺİѾһȥˣְܵοãз޲ܵģݿݣӺҲǿ֮ˣǺú̸һ̸Ҳԭġ
ܽأ˵ˣԭңҲԭԼܾ졣
ȻѾ˴ҲҪ̫ԼˣΪûкҩ֪պαصأ˵ˣŷѾˣŷҲû취вˡӦ¿ʼȡӺͷʼ̫ƽȰȻ費ܴͷʼˣҲҪúϾ㻹һӡ
ܿЦҵĺҲӺģҲҺӺһõģһԲ
̫ƽһãЦ˵áˣӺӺҲԭˡ
ǿŤĹϲ𣬼ȻѾߵزûдţӺŹá̾˿˵ǣ㣬ŷֻŷˣŷܿģ̫ܷܲһأҵķϣ
̫ƽˣֲú˵Խ˵Խ֣ԭӺˣȻŷһˣá֪֪ѡ·һ·ȹȥҪ·Ϊȥ㻹Իͷ·ĻᶼûС
ܿЦδءֻҪȰ˵̫·ŹŷҸŷһôǾ·أѵҪɱŷˣ̫𣿡
̫ƽʧˣã벻µ㻹֪ڸģ㻹Ҫȥʵŷ֮ĳ£Ϊס𣿡
ܿЦ㣬㣬Źŷɡ٣öӵĸסһӤСɲԶõĶҲһ£ûиס
̫ƽ֪ûþˡֻ˵ãġŷ֮ǰЩ£ڳ͢ڲ飬ˣͰմµɷȥܹƽģ˭Ҳ顣
˵ʲô£̫˵㣿ֶ̫ġ̫飬̫һŹŷġȲˣͿˡš
ã¶ϵ̫󣬾̫Ҳġȥ̫ȥ˽Ҫѽ̫ƽˡ
ܹ㣬ˡò󸻴ֻŹһˣҲ𣿡
ܣ治˵ġ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ܿˣȻԹޣ̫ƽԹޡ
ãҲ̫ƽŹܰ
̫ƽ̫ѾõˣҷȴǽֻŹһ˵
̫ƽ̾˿˵ôһ˵ˣⲻġ
̫ƽֻŹܰһء£ѵҲһ´ȱ𣿡
̫ﲢûҪɱܰ˼̫ƽ̾˿˵㲻ҪǳˡֻҪǲҪ췴
ŷ˵㡣
Ҳûʸңַ̧Ź̫ֺγأ㻹Ҫأİɣ̫ƷԻҪɱԼ塣Ҳôˡ̫ƽϵغȵ
ε˵̫ƽ
²˵ˣҽҲˣǺΪ֮Ϳˡ̫ƽ˵תȥ
Ǵһʱһʱܰʱ򣬴ҶҪɫ񣬳ȴҪ̫ƽɫ


801 ʫ

ʹ
ʫһ򵥳Уŷͬһϵˣ˵⣬ԪôŹأǱҪŶѽ
ŷ˵ʲôҸҲԪˣһʲô취أ
һͷ˵Լû취ǵƾѵԪɻʴ𣿡ʫĿ˻ϻӡ
˼˵ҪҵĶʵ𣿡ŷһ
ʫ˵ͷûжӣֻĶʵˣĶʵҲܱԪʵۻҪãҵүϻһȨġ
ŷŰɡǣںﶷȥôãΪʲôڷҪأ
ܼ򵥰ΪŷѾˣҷĶӣ㲻˺ңԪôɹ˻ʵۣ̫ƽǻʺ̫ƽгһԸҵģҲԸ㡣ΪʲôҪԴУƴһأʫǿĳԶ
Ǻãû˶ùԪ̫ƽһȨһŷȴš
ʲôֻҪԸҺȥϵŷȥϵҸ׺Ҹ磬ҾͲô˲ܰԪ˵ˣǻлҪȥϣϷԪʫ˵ҧ̫ƽսۡӮӮ˵ء
ŷȴĵĺܣǣ˵Σ̫ƽһȻ𣿡
ģ̫ƽһֱҽģĻ᲻һģǲ񼫡ʫƶ˵֮ҵľͿˡ
ȻʫһҪϡ
ǣԪԸвʱܼˡ
ʫ˸ŸȻǲǣڻʵ޹ſڴ󳳴֣
ھĻʵۡ
֪ˣǹȥԼİʫʱʵˣСϰʫŽ
ǣ̫˵ĲûкãǱ˴ˣӰ쿵ġ˵ˣÿιǿԹûһûǻӰϵ顣Сӵ˵ĺܹ
ϧ谮ʫĻʵۣȥ
Сû취ֻʫ˻ʵۡ
ʫһϣԪ˵Ԫʫǲŵģǣʫһٵ
Ͼʹˡ
ȻǱʫ˵Ԫġ
СȻԼİԼĶӸۡԼû취Իϲġ
Ԫ̫ƽ̫ƽ˵𣿻ϼʫˣҲ֪ʫԻ˵ʲôϵĲȻˡ
ǼݱˣʫûôʫıⲢûϲءҪϸĸ顣ֻǲ룬˻ϡ̫ƽ
̫ƽȾȻϰɡԪ̾˿˵
̫ƽͷһȵġǣ磬ôױʫ᲻ᡭ
̫ƽ˼ǣٸһλɣԪ̾˿˵
̫ƽͷ磬֧㡣Զ֧ġ
ʹ
ܹ̫˵κ˶Խġ̫Ŵţɫǳࡣ
Ѿк̫ܶҽˣãͲҪϹˡ˵ˣ̫ġ̫ƽ˵
Ҳ֪ϻʵôܲܰù죬̫ƽȥһ
̫ԥһȻͷŴ򿪡
ڣϻʵ۵ڴϣһͷɿ޹⡣
̫ƽϻʵŬ̧кȴָû
μϡϲҪˣǺúϢɡ̫ƽ첽ߵϻʵ۵ߣס˻ʵ۵ְ
ֻϻʵ۵ǳƺһݸɣϾҪˡ
̫ƽټ£ֻʵѾЩûԶˣϵƤоЩƤ
ϻʵ۸Եı֡
ޣ벻Ե㶫أҸ˺ö˵̫ƽӻóһƿɫĹӡ
ϻʵ۵棬Ӵ򿪡һŨƮ
ţζʲôأϻʵۺʵ
һ׷̫ƽЦ˵׷һЩϣһ׷ҪӪ
֪ϻʵ۵Ŀζ̫ãҲԲ˶ٶ̫ƽõҨһ㡣
ɣóԿ˵һٸĽ̫ƽСؽϻʵ۵
ϻʵҲۺӡ
ɵݣĥš
Ϊ̫ƽ׷һЩԲ׷ǿ²ġϻʵ۶Էǳá


802 뺯

ֻһڣϻʵ۾Ծů˺ܶࡣ
ͬʱ׷ҲһЩĩȻǺܶ࣬ѾȥƤĺҲǳա
ǽƢġ
ζͦõģ㶼ʲô𣿸оеġϻʵۺʵ
Ȼϵͻô̫ƽЩ˵ڷһƾ񡣡
ζҩģν
ҩĵļ룬ҩžƽˣҩƽ͵ʳʳҲͷˡ
̫ƽϻʵ۱˵߳ԣ֪䣬ϻʵ۳˴׷
֮ǰ붼ġ
Ϊ̫ƽ׼׷ϻʵ۵˺ܶࡣ
̫ƽ뿪ʱϻʵۿĵػ˻֣лˣܹ޵Ĳ鶼㣬һδεҽΣһҽ
̫ƽҡҡͷϣƫ򰵣ϲܹı䣬ҪŲԵĻպ󻹻ᷢ
ʵȻ̫ƽָʫ
̫ƽҲܻʵȥ٣ˡ
̫ƽѾˣҪΪԪ̫ƽȥȡ
ǣڻʵȴǶ̫ƽĻŰɵģΪʵϺͿˣ̫谮ʫˡ
̫ƽһߣʫ͵͵ȥϡ
Ԫ֪ˣʫ뿪ʱסʫ
ʫ֪ĴεĴүүϢȨϾʹ㣿ԪЦ
ʫŵɫ԰ף㡭㲻ҡˣϻܵġ
ҽǾ㣬ҪսҵļޣҲҪˡԪһʯͷģһգʯͷˣꡱһ̼ʫĶĤ
ٲĻͬʯͷԪ˵ˡ
һɢʯͷѾ˷ۡʫæѻ
ףŮ챻۸ˣ취ȾŮɡ
㣿ҪôȰѻŶȣһںȣȸѾˣҳү̫ˣȸҪһеģҶѱˣô㣿
ףΪǶѱˣǲҪƴһǲԴеġʫЦ
˵ôѻԺȾơ
ǰԪɱˣŷĶӡŷѾûˣŷĶǸСӣʵۣǾȨˣʱǿЮ¡ʫ˵Ѿʵһ
⵹ǸءֻԪˣҪôɱѻ۾
ʫתת˵ףڻʹ棬ҰԪɱ˾ͿˣҲġ
ԪϾǻϵӣĲ𣿡ѻŰɡ
ҲܿգΪȨԪϣɱԪǰϳȥϰϾͿ¶ȨˣȻˡҪʹءʫЦ
˻棿ѻϲ
װڹˣﻹƭѽʫ̾˿˵񣬿ͬһϡ
ѻ˾˵ŮΣԻǺܴģԪֲɵӣҳɱԪ̫󣬲磬׸㼸书õģţɱԪΣ
ʫЦװʱˣ㻹ǲ𣿶һ֪¾ͳɹˡ븸ԳףͲҪƴ˰ɡҪȻԪĿĲˡ
ѻæԼĺӣ·ıһƵġ
ǣԪԩ޳ΪҪأ࣬ؽ乬ѻԥˡ
ѻǵС֮ͽ£ԣŮʫ
ʫЦףʲôʱˣԪ̫ƽһֱԣҪıȨѵ㿴̫ƽֱĻǸѽԪȸϵôãԪΪȸҲѽ
ѻĺŮ˵Ķԣңʲôʱһȥ⵶Ҳˣܲ
ףʫĸסʫЦˡ
⻰˵ˣѻŮѻҲЦ
ףɹʫͷ
ʫȻŷŷȥԪ
Ԫþյŷ뺯˵ǻգϣԪ£ô硣
֮ǰûн飬κȻҹȥңڶμʫ֮Ϊɵӣǰں˺磬ҪӺҰԪЦУҪȥأȻôܲأ
̫ƽˣ뺯üë˵磬ǧҪȥʫŷҪ㡣


803 ;ĩ·

֪뻢ѨɵûӣʫءԪؿ̫ƽ˵֪ʫˡĳҵΡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ǣôôΣأ
Ԫ˵ģ̫ƽѾƻˣһʧ
㵹˵˵ѽ̫ƽҡҡͷ
Ԫ˵ѻǰҪİ𣿡
̫ƽЦԭˡ
̫ƽءˣԪһ
磬һֱģŲᵣѽ롣ȻѾ׼ˣôͷȥɣҵĺϢ̫ƽͻݵ˵
лˣ̫ƽԪս̫ƽ֣ĿϬ飬ĳ˾ҵĳˡ
ɫģžѪ
Ԫһˣ߽ŷԺ
ԺɭɭġûѾߣֻһŮˣԪȻص١
ԪЦʫȻ㣿
ʫعͷЦȻ̫£𣿡
ò̫ƽ֮һԪɫʫܹһˡ
ôú𣿡ʫǲģ֪Ԫ
òҶԪ˵
ʫ֣ͣվ˵̫£ȷһˡ
ԪˬʴЦ
ʫüëЦʲô
۵Ԫĵ˵ǣ޴
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֪кܶɱ֣ǶҵĶ֡ԪЦҿɲ֪ǵŴӺζ
Ƕ֪̫书ǿΣɱ֣˻ء֪̫ͷֻۣҪһһӲȥҲҪΪʲôҪɱ㣬Ϊ֪ǲɱ㣬һɱǡҲ㣬ΪϾӰʹȨ̫£ҷȰ㲻ҪŰȨԼϲģ㲻ӣҲʫȲʤȯ˵
˵εжǻϲ߻ģϣѽԪһЦһ㶼ûк¡
ҿû˵εжҲ߻ġʫɫԪһֱ˵̫ƽû뵽ұ
ûб̫ƽֻǱ̫ƽӺݶˡԪЦ
ΪʲôҪᵽʫɫˡ
ôˣˣˣɱΪù˭ҶѾ֪ԪЦ
ܣܣʫס˶䡣Ϊʫƺˣʫ˵
Ԫҡҡͷʫ£죬Ϊһʱˡ
ʫЦûдûд
ϻ˵˵ɱֶгһ°ɡԪЦ
á㲻Ҫڡûҡʫ֣Ŀ¶ɱ
߳һˣţʮֶ˳
ԪˡΪ׵ľȻѻ
ѻҲ֪үҲ̫ˡλó͸ǣϻͿˣαҪôΣյ£ŪȫʬأԪ̾˿˵Ϊòֵ
ϻ˵Ԫȥɡѻ˻֣ϣŰںüƣҪԪ
ǣԪֻǵһЦ
ͷ֪Ҿ㡣ʫ޺޵˵ԼԪʫʫԪһġ
ϾʫôذԪ
˭֪ǻûзȻһȺѻŹֵ˹ȥǹҲͻϮסˣ۾Ϲˣʲô
һ˵ϴ
ѻû뵽⡣һԪʲôôĻ
ԪһУƵᣬЦûʲôֻҪаģȷҲ㻰˭Ļ̫࣬ضݲˡ
ô찡ʫ㣬ȥôΣյ£ô죿ҾֻЩɱˡѻ
Ԫ俴һУѻ̫סȲȸ
Ҫ£ףлءʫ»صİť
ʱǽ
ԪܿӯȻһȥһ߷ǸťťˣʧЧˣ
ԪȻվ˵ϣЦһʧĲ𣿡


804 ŨԵ

ȫ٣ɱֶϹ
ѻʫȷҲʲôˡ
ѻ¿˵̫ңŮ˴һʱ嶯̫ԭ
ʫЦףɷ򲻹һѣôС󣬻ԼŮϣ
Ҫȥһأ㡣ҪңһȥôΣյ𣿡ѻһʫϡ
ʫЦһ¡
ԪЦѾˣһӲˡ
ѻˣ̫¡ˣȫˣһòã
ŶڻʲôҪе𣿲˵˵Ԫ˫ֱأЦǳǳ
ѻָʫ˵꣬ʫ߻ɱһ㶼֪ģҵ£ʫݶλҲҪռģʫ˵Ҫȡȸλãʫһֲ߻ģֻʫĹߣߣ
ʫֱĿɿڴ
ԪЦԭһֱŮĹ߰ҡ
ǰ̫£ĺܲңֻ밲ȵĳԹٳǣʫȥռ˵Ķ˵ȸҵ׸磬ңҪȡľλʫҰ̫ˣںˣҡȸúøǸúýһѽϾҸѽѻȸĹϵͼԪϣһ档
᲻ԭ㣬ֻܵʱˣձ뱻ץԪɫ
ѻץ
ѻˡ
ʫ˫Ŀ˵ϣԪʤΪΪܣôҲץ
ǻϵŮˣץ㣬ҵϡԪ˵ϲͬ⣬ҲǱҪġ
ΪʲôһҪأʫؽ
㸸׸ղ˵ģΪ߻ɱҪΪ𡣡Ԫɫʫô໵£ҲӦõõͷˡ
ʫЦûһ㣬ϲ𣿡
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ʫҾʲôãҳòÿ
ЫŮˣҴȤԪתҪߡ
ʫ˵Ҫҹ𣿡
Ҿ㰲һ㡣ȥͨϡԪ˵˳ȥ
̫ƽſڵȺԪһ̫ƽôˣ֪չ㻹ǵҡ
̫ƽЦ㡣·϶Ѫû°ɣóԪ
Ԫס̫ƽЦû¡ѻѾץˣʫ档
֪̫ƽĿ¶һʫ
ԣҪɱʫҲԣеĺеԪЦ
ءʫֵŪҵ̫֡ƽ˵ֻҪһ
ãȥɡԪЦʫѾˡ
Ҫȥ̫ƽ˵
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ǡϿ¡Ԫԥˣ̫ƽĵֲ޵
硣һԣҲãԻϵĮҲǺô̫ƽȻһƻ
̫ƽ֪˼׵ġԪˡ
̫ƽ˽ȥ
ԭȷƽĻ԰ѾǻһƬ϶ȾѪɫ
ʫֽűڵϣɫ԰ס
̫ƽǹЦҵ𣿵ȷӮȫӮˡʫЦǣôأ춼ڰ㡣
ǵģʫв壬춼ڰԲµĻȥ𡣡̫ƽĿϬ
˵ʲôꣿʫһ⣬ʵ̫˼ˡ
ʫһֱ㣬һ㡣㣬ȴռķռһУôôأ̫ƽŭɶн춼ܣȡ
ʫȻЦǰǶԲ㡣Ҳŷ֣ҲİְġǴСҺãҶʼ㣬ҾҲҪӵһС
ҼǵСʱϲǺ«ʱǸƹֻһǺ«ˣˣͿһҪԣһҪҰǺ«øˣſģСʱϲû뵽Ϊҵİ֮أ̫ƽȫ벻ɣְҲİ㣡ô죬ְľˣ


805 ʫ֮

̫ƽĻ˺ʫģʫֻã춼Ҫˡ
һУȴΪʫԼġ
ʫûôʼĻҲʫⱲӻúȻʫ׺͸粢ûʲôϢǴ󲮸ȸýʫܺãܺá
ʫ޸һŵԵˣȵĹһŮʲô£䵽ڣӶûС޸˻ϣÿ춼Ҫٵˡ
һڣõʲôʫȻãȥϣͶûˡ
ʲôûеõ̫ƽЦʫһж̫ˡֻʣĺڰ޾ڡ
ҲҪҪƽƽĹһҵͲգҳ˽˳ЦҲҪʫȻ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ʫѾûѡʱǶԼľ꣬ʧȥĳаʵԼ
ʫ̫ƽԲ𣬶ԲԭҶԲ㡣
̫ƽ̾˿˵һж̫ˣԭ²ԭ¶ƽ˺ۡ
ʫĿˣҴˣĴˡⱲߴˡ
̫ƽٺʫϻˣ˵ĶѾ˵ˣ̫ƽתҪߡ
Ȼ̫ƽͨһתͷһʫѾѪУ
ԭʫͷϵӣ˲ӡ
̫ƽܹȥһ˵ʫΪʲôҪ
㣬ҴˣĴˣҲûϵعԭ𣿡ʫ΢˵
̫ƽ۾ʪˣһԭġ
ʫͷƫ˹ȥ̫ƽʫϢѾûˣʫѾˡ
ô졣ո˻˵ʫѾˡ
Ĳǹġ̫ƽʫ۽ǵᣬȻ޲
ʱԪѾͻ˵Ҫʫ£û뵽ϲȻŭϷʫҪȻԪ޲㣡
Ԫû뵽ϻֻӦáתˡ
áԪ֪ʫˡ
һƳ⴩͸Ʋ㣬һ֧Ƽֱ̺档µĽ⽫Ϳһ㣬٣á
ˣʫȻˣǰʫץ֮󣬻һΪǺˣʫʱɱˡʹˡԪʶԡ
磬ô˵ʫǰѾˣǸ˰ɣ̫ƽٸ߸ߵĽͷһԺ͸⡣һӣƱδաҺɫ֯ӣŴɫ׳ѥ̾˿˵
ǿ϶ģǲӦҲϰԭƻҪѻϵĲκãκãһԸǡΪʫˡԪϣӳϵ·
Ȼ硣һݣҪٸβˡ̫ƽ۾͸ɱ
̫ƽҽģȥ𣿡Ԫҡˡ
硣Ϊ㣬ûʲôȥģ˵ˣҪЩҩģҪѺܶʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҳն࿴ˡ̫ƽһЦ㲻֪ЩҩҪĲҩʵǲֵáܶնΣҲҩĸǡ
ã㡣Ԫͷ
Ԫ̫ƽͶԻʵۣβˡ
죬̫ƽԼҽһ򵥵·ͷҲ򵥵Ժ
̫ƽҽݶ࿪˺üҡ
˶ϰ̫ƽҽܣÿһ죬ҽﶼǸС
һգһСкҳŹ
ҿҼôˡһôͺòˡ
̫ƽƿӵ·һǵġ
𣿡̫ƽʺӡ
šĵͷ
ʵӲǺҲ͡ϵƤ͸ץˡ
̫ƽȡݡѹӢһЩʯζҩĥɷ֮ҩ˵͡˸ҩ
ԣԼ԰ɡ̫ƽҩݸӡ
ӽŽɣҩĨ֮󣬶ʱϾ¶Цݡ
ⶫá
̫ƽúһϢ˳۲ºǷҩ
˴Լһӣ״̬ͦãúӸĸ뿪ˡ
ÿΣϼӦþͻˡ̫ƽ
ȻҽݵλñȽƫڴҵĿڱУԽԽĽ
һţѾкܶſڵˡ
֪ѧҽһ֮һ׻ԼҺ͹Ҫ̫ƽѧҽ
˰վ̫ƽǰĺߣ㣬Եúľ


806 ҽҽ

ʮءӸװæӻ
ϲѧҽ𣿡̫ƽźӵ۾ʵ
ţҵѧҾѧ£˵ʱ򣬻һԵĸס
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ѧҽͦģȸһ飬֮ѧʱҡ˵̫꣬ƽһǧӸס
պãؼҺúÿӸ׵Ͱ˺ӡ
һĳƣ̫ƽ̲סԺӸ˵㲻ǿȺӸ⡣
ãáӼҳתͰѺӴˡ
̫ƽȻҲͽܣղ⺢Բ̫ʣȥѧѧãѧҽ츳⣬÷ǳڷܣڷȤʹȻ
̫ƽתݣͻȻһ
һδŽ
򣬳ˡ󺺵Ĵɤų˶ۡ
̫ƽһ󺺵һ˲һ
ֻɫף˫żˡ
һԵĸԵҲܳͷϸѾʪ͸
￴ôˡк
Ҫ̫ƽҲ󺺵Ĳò
ڴ󺺺͸˵Ĳ£ѵƽڴϡ
ѽŷƽȥĽš
ۣҪʱüͷ壬򿪴󺺵֡
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ʲôʱʼʹģʲô̫ƽһ߸һѯʵ
Ҹﰾ࣬Լ˵ɳһԣû꣬ʹ˵ϡżĽš
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ȻζȴܶԣԶ˲װѳθס
ɫ԰ףϸѾгѪ
̫ƽϸֹѪķӡ˴󼻺ͰҶ
ΪʹԣڷӺ֬
ĸʳڣֻܺ࣬ܳκʳˡ̫ƽ
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ҲûʲôעԴϢÿηҩɡ
̫֮ƽȥ¡󺺵ļѾȬԺﲦԡ
̫ƽл
ȵ̫۾ܼž޷磬һ
ɽ£һˮˮľïʢ͸
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˰æҪȻһ˸ô飬治֪Ҫʲôʱ
̫ˣȥ֮Ҫһ߸ࡣľһϴһߴ˵
ãЩϴáȥ϶úý㡣̫ƽЦŻص
ʱһԵĲݴͻȻವ
ľʱŵվ
ʦݴжľ㺦µض̫ƽ
̫ƽҲվԶĲݴҡţӦиСĶ
վһȥ̫ƽһ֦Сݴô
ľȻܺ¡ݴﵽʲô
̫ƽͷȴʵ̽˳
̫ƽô֮󣬲ݴͻȻ
һʱ䣬̫ƽҲЩš
⿴ŵģʴˣֱǺǻģס
ûȶãݴĶֿʼˡ
һΣ̫ƽûô򣬶վһԣĵⶫԼ
ľΪӰվһԵʯͷϡ
ʱһɫӲݴð˳
ˣˡľŵȫ
̫ƽһԭһߡ
Ѹٵشߵߴ磬ߴˣ̫ƽӸľ㡣ľŲҽӡ
̫ƽ˵ѾˣӹߵƤϴһϴһҪҩء
ľŰɣҲҩ𣿡
̫ƽͷȻˡʲôߣֻͨɽ߶ѣҲԳԵġ
Ҳܳ𣿡ľһ
㲻ԣô֪óأ̫ƽľգЦȥɣˣҽҪȻؾˡҽȽˡھǻмѧͽձǿһ㣬һǹ쿪ʼǰҽȸѧѧÿռǵðѲҩã˹ѷЩǵÿҽݵĴҪҩıͶϳʪùˡ
ǣʦľȻʤʵ
̫ƽ뿪Լ¿ҽݣص˾ǡ
ʱԪ˵ٴβΣˡ
̫ƽûᣬ˯ڶ죬Ԫ̫ƽ
ԺУߴĻͣһƬӰӡɫʯϰ߲һҶ綯ӰӼҶȴ衣
̫ƽϿ첻ˡԪɫ


807 ϼݱ

̫ƽЦ磬㼱ģǲ˵ˣܻϲ䷢չɡ
Ԫ̾˿˵ǣұҲǿŻ϶ˣΪӣʵĲ̡̫ƽپһΰɡòã
áѻϾϻôǣѵ֪𣿻һֱԶŵСѽ̫ƽҡҡͷ˵
̫ƽһΣòãٸһλᡣ
̫ƽ̾˿˵磬Ϊˣðɣȥһϰһòã
̫ƽûҪҽΣȥϣĿġ
䣬ںӡƬƬӰ΢𵭵
̫ƽ˻ʵ޹
̫ƽ㣬ȾްɣʵۼǿŰˡ
̫ƽ񣬵˵ϣҩѾ͵̫ҽˡʱ̫ҽȻϺҩġ
𣿡˫ſŴأѪ¶΢Ц
ʲôʱƭˣ̫ƽ򶨵˵
ǾͺãǾͺá޺ˣһúý㡣Ц
̫ҽҩ͹ˣʵȲأͺȥ
̫ƽ˵Ȼˣˡ
ʵ˵̫ƽסڹɣ˵ַˡ
ҩѾд̫ҽˡȥҲûѽ̫ƽ鵭Į
ʵ̾˿˵ҲãҲá
̫ƽˡ
̫ҽΪѵ˵ϣм£΢ú֣֪˵˵
˵ɣǲҩ⣿һ
̫ҽ˵ҩ⣬ֻͨʹҩϳ˻ʱֹʹʱõķӦǲθΪʲôΪҽܹҩλϵĲأ˵ʵҩӣҲóѽ
˵ҩֻͨʹҩϴŭ̫ƽȻƭޣֲ޾ҩζȫ̫ͬƽ޳ԵҩͲζ
˵̫ƽĸβ̫ҽϢŭ
ˡȥ̫ƽץ
ǣ̫ո뿪Ԫ
ҪȥץʲôˣԪһ
̫£ǻϵ˼ͲҪ˰ɣ̫˵
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̫ԥˡ
Ԫ˵̫ƽҵδޣң˭ץ
̫ǲˡ
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ԪһϮ´£һԲīغɫͲ㣬źɫƤѥ̫ƽǰ
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⡣ϾȻҪץ㡣̫ˡҲˡ
𣿿磬㲻𣿡̫ƽ
εľǰǰβڻץ㣬в㣬Ҳ֪һϻʲôɳȥ˶ҸѹסˡԪ̾˿˵
£ҸͲ»ϣѾǲè˻ô̫ƽм˵
̫ƽԪ̫ƽ
硣
̫ƽСèһۣ˲ԪԪһУҪ̫ƽ
Ԫ˻ʵ޹
һΣԪ¶˾ˡ
̫ƽȻޣǵ졣Ͽ̫ƽĽҩް
үүҲ֪ⶾ̫ƽµġ¶ŷ׺̫ܰƽôнҩأ֮ǰ̫ƽҲõʹҩˣֻǣһʹҩԪ˵үү̫ƽѾΪ˺ܶ£ͷŹɣ٣ҵϡ
ϴŭҲ˵ûа̫ƽ
үүﳼѾ͵÷ǳˣ㻹ִץ̫ƽԪɫû˸ôĿŵضײԪ
ΣˣԪԼǳ⡣
үүûʲôʲôԻۡԪɫ
ϴŭ˴ȥνҪȥԪɱˡ
Ԫ˳ȥȴûԶǾصȴʲô
ûãԪϵƲ
һһء
ڣȴûˡ
Ԫ˽ȥ
ϣɵ˵ϣȻԹȥˡ
ԭԪʱ򣬳ûʵ˯޹ڷŵ̨Ž˶ҩ
һֱȥһж
ϲϷŹ̫ƽԣԪ˺֣̫ƽ¡
Ԫ֪̫ƽҲϰ
Ԫߣ쵽ϵıǿ£ȻѾûкˡ
ҩЧ
Ԫ۾ʪˡ


808 ¾λ

ȻѾˣȻϣĿϱ壬Ԫ̲סˡ
Сʱһֱ޻үүΪʲôҪԪĸĸףˣͻүүϣֱã֮䣬Ǵڸġ
үүȷںжԪùãҲΪ˻үүԼ
ô˵үүԲ𡣡Ԫסʵ۵ʬˡ
Ȼ̫ҽ̫Ƕˡ
̫ҽȷϣѾݱ
˶£ԪȻ˵ǾܻӦ𣿡
ʻʵĪԪ֮ҲԾôסˡ
ΪԼðʧԪһЦҺүүղڸ˵ˣ˵ܿģҳôˡĺܿģܿġ
ԣ⣬˵һ޾ػϣ̫λһ̫ƽ
Ԫڰ֣үүոռݱʬδôȥأ
̫°ǻϵѽҪȻôղθأ˵ˣ̫ӦԹΪأڰ˳䡣ǹǶϣ̫¼̼λ
Ԫ̾˿˵ȻǶ˵ҲȻɣҴӦǣһᾡλ
ϼݱˣԪûôϢܿ죬Ϣʹ
ŷźӣ͵͵빬ȴԪסˡ
㻳ﱧŵҵĻ壬㲻ߡԪɫġҲ˺ǣΪ֮ǰʫҪӺңԣԺ㲻뿪Ĺ벽Ҳĸӷġ
ĸӷ룬Ժһ᣿ԪǾģʩˣŷﱧŵĺӣԪ֪޹ģҪΪ˷Ĵȥе
˵ˡŷѾȻһССҲ˲ʲôˣȥԪ̳еոµ¡
ԪƴŷĸӣܲһֶΪأ
Ԫĳŵŷ뿪˼ʵŷҲ޴ȥ
ֻҪԪɱŷŷڻʹһܱ֮ܿҪĺá
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ӺˡԪԽӼӺһԼˡ
ԪΪ졣
ӺصԼܣһ˵㼸д˵ҪҺ룬Ҫŷ𣿡
ܹ˵үԲ㷼֪Ѿ䲻㡣ҵӺͺӶŷģҲûһ㣬߰ɡ
Ӻһƾͺ
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ôʱ䣬ҲѾͨˣ˵ĶԣɷλޣȻ㣬ѾŷҾףǰͷϣúϰɡӺڷˡ
θһʼΪį͸жҲӺܡͬܵܲǱŷˣⱲҲһ
ô˵ӣļױȫߣ߻һЩҲָ㣬ҲΪȥ׼͵ʶһӺѾȻˣʵҲǱĲԣһֱΪжǿԵġλߵزҲεģȫ㡣
ү㲻Ҫôã޷ܵġˡ
߰ɡӺתˡ
ͣڡ
ܶӺıӰݡ
ʵ֮Ԫ;Ҫʺ
ζţԪҪ̫ƽдʽ
ǣй涨ʵۼݱТ꣬԰ϲ¡
Ԫ֮ǰѾȢ̫ƽֻǲʺô򵥣ǿԵġ
ԪδȢޡʺҪȵӭȢ̫ƽš
ȵʬδԪҪӭȢ̫ƽл֮£Ȼ󳼵ķԡ
ܶ󳼹Ԫ˼ܴԪôȵТꣿ
꣬˭֪ᷢʲô̫ƽһƬģԪҲܹ
Ԫ̫ƽѾ˻޵䣬Բɻˡ
Ǿд󳼽飬ɲȰ̫ƽ͵ʹΪһۣû֡
Ⱥ֮Ϊ̫ӣ̫ƽҲ൱ǻʺˣТһͲΪʺ󣬲ˣ
Ԫȴͬ⣬Ҫ̫ƽһ˳ҪԲ˳ĻԪͰ̫ƽͽʹˡ
Ե˵ԪȡλԲ˳ģΪԪȵ۸ûТġ
ϾԪǴܰˣų˻ʵ۵ġ


809 

ˣ͢ﻹкܶ˵ػߣʱ˽˷ˣҥԣ˵Ԫɱȵ۲ųΪʵ۵ġ
ҥ𣬿ԪȻҪӭȢ̫ƽš
һСͣڰߣųɶӣĽˮһЩǣ˷ܵΧ洬ÿϳĶ
ϣ̫ƽݼϷˡ
ΪϺǶ嶼ˡ褺ϾҪ״Ԫˣʱǰ;ҲָտɴΪһҪϸϳɻĻʹó͢Ƕããһ꣬󳼵ĽȽҪô֪ί㣬ǻ϶һƬģȻû֣ҲʱġҡΪ˻ϣΪ˶ֻίһˣ𣿡Ϸ̾˿˵
̫ƽͷ˵ĸŮ֪
ͬȽ𣿡ϷЦˣ̫ƽ˵Ǹиģصϵǻһˣ϶ޱȣǶҲиֻһǧߴˣԲһջˮϴǧԼǺܲġ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ůٿһ£лĸѡ
ߵһԪ˳ǻ̫ƽΪʺ
Ȼô˳ǽǺõģֻǣҪôߣҪǵġԪǻ֮Ǿζǰ·һƽˡ
֪֪ҪҲѵģΪ̫ƽһںֵˡ
ʵ̫ƽٵꡣ̫ƽǾûϵģкܶҪųףԪȴȲˣҪ̫ƽڻУŻ÷ġ
Ԫȥ̫ƽ̫ƽ˵ٵҲ
ɼԪæ䷢ʥּ̫ƽϽлҪ
̫ƽڱϵԪ֮ˡϣǴ۵ӣȹȥһ߰
Ҫ¹ʱԪȴ˵̫ƽʲôϣȴҪˣһ粻ʵˡ
ϺγԣǰǻҪģȻ˵ϣֻ֪ȴ֪Ƕ֮ϸոյǻӦԴΪء̫ƽ˶¹˵
̫ƽֻޣ𣿡ԪѾ̫ƽһ䡰Ϊءʲô˼̫ƽҪȢǸյĻȥ֪̫ƽǲӦģΪ̫ƽҪ
ҲãԪ롣ȵһ˵ڣҲȵĽԪҲո˵λƤɻûء
ڻкܶ±ȳ׻ҪҪԪȥ
̰ڿˣ̫ƽЦ񣬲Ӯˡ
˵ӮǿӮޡȻԪס̫ƽ֡
壬Ҳ̲סһ͡
һҪס̫ࡣҪȥЩԵأ̫ƽȴ֮Ĳ塣
̫ƽʲô߼أԪüҲ⽱͵֮ǰǼ򵥵ķ͵ġҪĵˣĵˣ޵Ĵ١
ȻӦûˣΪ֮ǰģչ黹ǲôġڳ͢ƣҽ飬ڸ׸ˣةѸߣˣҢץסܱºպչͣӦ̳ةλáȻΪ֮ǰةȨԿԷֳڸ׸ֵةȨǻѡһʵڸ׸̫ƽ
ԭҲ˼ֻĲȷ̫ƽķ޻Ȼʣ̫ƽ޵һҲ벻ѽԪϲЦտ
ˣϡҪˡ̫ƽǳЦȻ
ԪЦǣÿ޶°ܽҲĸԸԹ޻ڡ
úܿģԲԣ̫ƽվҪˣϣ㴦һ飬ǵɡ
ǵģµҲֻˣڲףȻΪӣҲ޿κε顣ã̫ƽҪңһġԪ֣˵
ڶ죬糯ʱԪίҢةһְλϴ飬Լ˰ȥ֮ǰ˶룬ˡ
ҢܳʾԼܵ˴ΣԪִˡ
Ңл
ԪȻп˺ѡΣϣ˶ԣѡһڸ׸ةƽȨ
ϢһҶȻٹзԵģҲ޳ɵġ
Եģһ㶼ǾãûһʼôĹٵģңȥûڸ׸ڸ׸ʲôģ岢ȷ
޳ɵģǼҵģһܹͨԾ٣ͨ뵽ԼẢӣ;˫޳ˡ


810 ĸ

ԪвٷԵԪð䷢ȥˣңִС
ԤĹүȻʽģѾ˾ˣ֮ס
ȻԪʼִԼļƻ
ΪǿʣԪҪƹֳҵ
ֳҵҪиͶ롣
ϾЩѼ˶һÿ첻ͣҪԶ
ΪˡԪѾǰùоԸʳģһֽݵĲݡ
ݼҪֻҪʣͿԷ賤Ҳθڴص㡣
֮⡣ԪҪƹ㼦Ѽˡ
⼦ѼͷСԶҲӣ̫鷳
⼦ѼҪɸѡԪһԵĴ˵
Ҫһ˶ֳһѼˣҲҪа취
ǣ⼦Ѽ٣ֹ󡣿³͢𰢡ǵ˵
ѣҲðճǮֻԵյ㣬ҲֻΪ˰Щ˸ų
ź֮Ԫȥ
ǵذյĴ죬ղϵʳ﹩˺ܴıϡ
뷨ܲι֮Ԫصõع硣
Եĺ߳ԵʱԪͱҪ㣬Ҫɣﻻ磬ðԼǮԼˣͻúջ֮ԼҲжǰǣԪѡطΪԵ㣬ɳղ󳼿šùԱͷѹգɣ̲ˣðհɣˡ
ԱҲֻͬ⡣ղڣԱҲֽš
Ԫ·ռ顣
Ϊ˶ԱյĿ飬ԪѾگһĶصģֱӼһĿ˰
һ·ϣԪԭӲݴĵط¶һƬƽأӡ
ţǿ뿴ġԪصͷ
һ·ϣɽϵľɫҲ˺ܴı仯ԭӲȴһĲϼͶӰ次
ʳΪ죬Ԫʳ
רּմ¸ָ
ϣ㿴ǰԼĹߣаصĹԱԪܵ
ǰһֳ⳵ĺ棬һ硣
ֻСһš
ԪصͷջǺǻ۵
ֳֶ硣ԵСʵãĵϣȴԵʮ㡣
Ԫֲι˵صĽС
Ԫûż뿪˸
еĹҲϽ˽
ϰ忴ˣæЦӭ
򵥵ļ䣬ϰ㿪ĵæȥˡ
Ԫ泯ֵţ¥пյǺܶ˶ʵ
һжзղܰҵ
ԪĿӽͷƵβĿͣ˽ӵҶϡ
ҪӽΨ˲ſ˰Ԫĳ˵
ּ˷׷׻Ա
صڣԪ˽Ŷм¼
ʷԭԪ¼¡ȴԪסˡ
ʵءԪʣʷٵļ¼ȫĨˡ
ƽԪʱ鷿̨Ǹ͹ۡ
ԪȻæµȴÿ۶ԹĿ
ö֮Ԫ۾Щģˡ
̫ƽʱԪ壬ġ
ΪӰ쵽Ԫ̫ƽҲԶԶĿһۣûнݺԪ˵
и뷨Ҫ°նѵõơһ죬Ԫ뵽¾ٴ롣
Ӣ°֮һ󳼸æе
ϣ΢òסһ󳼼վ˳ţ͢ôķá
ϣҲòס̫ƽ˵֮Σؼڱ߹أ߹صĽʿòϣ檾ҽƣҪӳ顣
Ԫ̫ƽ˿պɡ
ԪǷǳ̫ƽ飬ϲ⡣
ĿƾٿԣŵΣԪһ󳼡
ػϣһѾջϵҪȥˣطӦܻοԣΪ͢ѡܶධ֮š
ţ֮͢ʣһҪͲšԪ۵һ˿⡣
ӴԪʹУ䳡
ȥʿųһΣ뻮һĲš
ԪһƻȻ²ûսңԪӱĽ衣
Ǳ߷ҪڻʹʳǵķҲǺҪġ
ЩҪתһ˲һλһ¡Ԫһ˵
ǣ΢ּӺ˵Ӻү󶼶


811 ֮

ԪıҲ΢С
Щ󹬵ĹŮǣԪҲҪ̫ƽע⡣
У䳡Ԫֱȥ̨
Щ˿ɶʣһԵ̫ץһˣսš
ػϡЩԡ
ʿΣܳԺáҲһҪԱԪüͷһŵĻԴӻʼҵĳԼ
ϣ²ðɡһС˵
ûʲôٷϴˣһҪýʿǰġԪͣһ£ֲּ⣬ξԱÿҼ˰һꡣ
ʴȣ
ܿ죬ȫ¶ڴ˵Ԫ
ЩİգԪ
˺õߣֵصܸߣԭȻķϵأҲһ㱻ѳ
Ϊ˰͢ȡøõķչԪ̫ƽϥ̸
̫ƽȻû޸ԪҲԸżסʹԪһϵиĸ
ڹҵ̫ƽԼһЩ뷨
ϣҾӦóһߣЩҲμͶ̫ƽһضԪ˵
Ԫǰ¯
Ҳǹ⡣ֻĸ̫һӺƹ㿪Ԫ豭غһڡ
Ѷеģܹɹƹ㿪ĻԴ˰գҲԸưյ̫ƽǼԼ뷨
̫ƽԣҲԼΪŮԵһҪ
ʵ̫ƽİ¡ѾԽԽŮͯ˽Ӷ顣
Ϊ˹ǲμŮͯĽѧ
̫ƽҲרŲһǮЩԸŮͯ˽ӡ
ȻЩ̫ƽѾɹȡһԵ㣬СΧƹ㡣
ƽпյʱ̫ƽҲȥι߷Щ˽ӡ
Ů٢ˣŮ٢ˡͯǿ̫ƽһ裬عȥӭӡ
ǿɺðûأ̫ƽЦ棬һӴк
ЩСǰ̫ƽƺһ޼ӣҲ޾
ҽθǴʲôöأһƤкŲʵ
ûгأ̫ƽкͷ
ѧϰġóءкŵ˵
ţͶˡֺȻġ
ʱ˽ӵŻŵ˹
֪ʺݵʧԶӭˡ˽ϸ̫ƽ
Ϊ̫ƽøûǰк˽Ҳûκε׼
ˣҲǻʺǶĵŮֻǰϴһЩôΪ˿Щǣ׼ʲô̫ƽ΢Цׯš
򵥵ĳԹ֮˽úǸ̫ƽһա
źǰظ軶鶯ӡ̫ƽĵֿ˻
ÿĵʱͻȻһŮķٵˣһͷ˿㷢ٲһ
Ůߵߡ
ȴ̫ƽײš
ûµġŪá̫ƽһһĵİŮͷá
Ůûܹ˵Ĵжۿˡ
ллҽˣллҽˣ
̫ƽעŮͯĳɳ˽ӽѧ֮⣬̫ƽרſŮͯѧУŮͯһЩŮ켼ա
̫ƽͬԪĹעʿũҵǹ֮ƣϸֱӹϵ֮Σ
Ϊ˹˲뵽ũҵȡũҵЧܡ
ԪרּЩũҵ⹱׵Ⱥ
ԪĽ£ܶ˷˸ָũæߡ
ңˮи
һʱ䣬ִ췢Чʡ
ΪļұҲ˼ߡ
ϣµ켼Ԫ߷öҡ
Ԫǰһں
ͨ죬̵ϮԪܿ
ҴѽԪҪʵؼһЩ켼
ϾЩҪֱɳϵģ˿Ĳ
ãϿʼһŰӵĴϿʼʯ
žžડƬϵײԽԽ
Ԫ棬˿ûо¡
һֱȵǱ䰵
ƬŽˮеʱ͵һһжˡ
ϹĿ⽥ؼӰˣģԪǰ
ԪٹͷָĹһ½С
Ԫĵͷ
ÿľͷԪȻһ½µ˵
ܿ죬һľͷԪǰ
Ԫ䣬ľͷƺ˿δ
ȻһѺýԪ΢΢Ц˵
£ǰľͷһΪ˵ϡ
ܺãӦȫƹ㿪ԪתһԵĹ˵
ԪĿ϶켼ѡΪ͢켼


812 ̫ƽʢ

ΪԪĸĸܶ˱ϲ˵ʲôȴֿܵ
ΪԪĺܶٴ룬Щ˵Ĳ·
Щ󳼣иƻһЩ豸Ūˡ
˭ɵģԪָ豸ʵ
̨û˻ش
Ѿ֪˭ɵģԼվұϳͣԪߵ˵
ʱһϳƵ˳
ϣϳģ
ΪʲôԪŭĿԲΪǸϳԪϳһᡣ
ˡ˴󶯸ĸԳ̫͢󡣻˼
أ˭˵ʲôԪһ˵һ߿
˶˵
Ѿ˭ңҶ˳֮Ԫһ񣬼ͽϳ
ԪҪɱӺﰡ
ϳȻˣɻǱԪطˡ
ԴԺûٸҶԪĸĸ˵ġ
ĸٶȺЧҲˡ
ģˡ
ȥŷȻȡᣬҲԴʱ
Դ˳Ӻ룬ŷŷٰܰǴˡ
ܲˣͿʼȾơ
̫ƽ·ܣȴܺȾƶˡ
һ󷭽ƿƵĺ󾢻
ܰŲ˸ʮȣͷڴرߣǸŻ֮ȴʲôҲ²
Ƭ촽ɵѾճסˣ
ҿǻǲʷְɡŷĶһ仰ϵӣͷҲص˳ȥ
һ±ƵĴסԭأǿˮۿдȦĵɫףסƱ
ò׺ŷһ𣬱ŷ̸һ̸顣ȴû뵽ܾˡ
ܴ
̫ƽ߽ȥ˵ã·ܶȰ㣬ԼѡԹ޻ڵĸŷѵŷͻϧ𣿲ŷֻǶһʱʸаˡֻѹں㣬ܶˡ
ǺӵףҪô죿ôĶˡ
·Ѿվ±ϣûܸô죬Ҳٲ֣Ϊٲ֣ŷѹ̫ƽ̾˿˵úӰɣӺǸһլԺͲӣ㺢ӵĳԴöȡʱûġֻҪǵãŷѾ͢ˣŷһУŷҪӣ㶼ŷ㣬ٸ㣬̫ߵҲ֪жӡ
֪л㣬̫ƽ㡣ܺ۾˵
͸ˣܻ̫ƽҲû취
һҪ·ߣסֻǣ˵ģǺӡ
ԪøĸѾһ褺Ҳ˳״ԪԪֱΪڸ׸
ܱԪڶϣܱһûɱܱ
ѻȴûôˡ
ʫˣѻӱҲΪϹȥȸһҡ
ȸѻ׵ܵܵķϣԪ飬ˣԪѻ
⣬ӡ
Ԫѻű߹ءһӲ׼ͺ񵱳ȵ۷ȸһ
ȵۼݱѾһˣԪҲѹˡΪĸΪߣӵԪ
Ԫ˽ɽѸȥ¡
һ¡Ϊȸһƽ
ȸһԩôȵۿ϶ˣС
ԪҲȵˡ
ǱְĺʫϺģҲõƽ
ڶ£ҪӭȢ̫ƽʽΪ
ԭТڻûǻᷴһ
ɾһϴƣĹ󲿷ѾԪϴˣµģܶ඼Ԫˣ㲻ԪѣҲԪĵˡ
ԣԪҪӭȢ̫ƽʱȻҲТڵ⣬ϣͱĴǵĿˮûˡ
ϰӣǿǺȴһˣӭȢʺΣҲǹĸ
ɷǻ϶ģҲǻϷϵġ
ϲͣ󹬺ճȷҪʺ顣νһ޺󣬷ǳʱھӦ÷ǳԴ
ڣҶûˡ
ǣԪ̫گ顣
ʥּʱϷȻֿ˻Ǽңڳ˸ʺˡ
ʥּ̫ƽԽסġ
һߵ̫ƽԤˡ
Ԫһ꣬ΪӪҲǺĵˡ
ԪĻ˵̫ƽԸ⣬ԪҲҪɷֱӾͰ̫ƽȢˡ
Ǳޡ
Ǽ޸ϣƸ٣ױҲ١
ĳǣڸ̫ƽױ
ʮױⲻ˵ˡ


813 ۺ

һжһ£̫ƽϾҪˡ
Ԫǰ͹Ƹ񣬰ãûü
һƸȴѾ̫ƽϡһķǣɣǶɫ鱦ںڰķﶼ͸Ź⡣
·ǷϷҹʦ޸һ̫ƽԴøӺʡ
л졣̫ƽЦŽ쿪һԵĹŮϸ̫ƽ·
ôÿ𣿡̫ƽתһȦЦʵ
ֱ̫ƯˡϷ˺Цúϲ£졣
ʱܵ褺Ҳˡ
Ҹܼ޸ϣպҪΪǡ
ԺҪѽǡ̫ƽЦŶ褺˵
ڰеĿڱôáҿɲʲôۡ褺Ц˵
Ȼ̫ƽԵϷ˻רŰ̫ƽеһԣĵĽһ½ע
ϾҪ޸ϣеϵǷǳӵġ
̫ƽҪúͻϵĹϵҲҪúӵĹϵһЩں󹬵ҲҪʱġ
Ȼ̫ƽ֪ԪֻȢһбŮˡ
ֹ˼죬Լӭ׵ʱ䡣
̫ƽ֮󣬱ӭ׶顣
ԪΪϣûԳӭ̫̫ξԼȥӭס
һ·ϣ죬ƺƴ󣬰Ԫּ⣬̫̫ξһ·˺ܶϲǣֵģһӡ
֪ǻӭ̫ƽǶʱΧڶܾþû뿪
̫̫ξһ̧ʮ̧Ρ
ԪΪ˱ʾ̫ƽӣ߹񣬶ⶥӡҲģ
ӷǳĿ󡣶̫ƽš
һȦǺ񣬺˷ˡ
˶ýƵģϸ緢˿
̫ƽ·϶ӣԪⰲڽЩġ
еĶ棬ҶźɫͷϴźɫñӣǰһЩﻹӭ׵ӡ
ϵԪдģǰǶ̫ƽơ
һ·ߡһ·ڡ
͸Եʯζ
̫̫ξϾҪſڣһҲſӭӡ
ϲϲѽ̫̫ξ֮Цغ˵
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ˣ̫̫ξ֪ش󣬲˿
ʱݣһҪϻȥ̫̫ξ˶˵ǰĵġ
ӹʥּ֮󡣱̫ƽ̫̫ξ빬
ֻһ̣ͻȻۿͨ졣
һ᳣ġ̫ƽο
ĸչˣ㻹ǰڹдŰɡ褺Ц˵
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̫ƽ֮˴һΡ
ʱһѾӱϣҪ̫ƽѾ̵ϢԪ
УŴأͥԺȡ
߸߹ϲĶ
칫ơ
һ̨֮ǰĿյϡ
̨ࡣƮƮŵ̨·ϣֱһոµĺ̺
̺˶ߡרŸ̫ƽġ
̺࣬ٹٷࡣ
̨̫࣬ξ̫λá
ʱѵʺ󡣡̫һŮ̫ƽ˺̺
ʱ̫ƽһոµĺɫһ˶ʷڡ
Ȼÿһܼѣ̫ƽߵķǳȽ
̫ƽվϸ̨ʱԪ̫»˳
꣡˷׷׹¡
ڰƽԪĻ˻֡
תϡ
Ԫոµɫԡ
̫ƽźͷվǰԪ΢΢
̫ƽȢˡԪǣƲס˷ɫ
Ԫ̫ĵͷʾʽʽʼ
̫໺չһʥּ֮󡣱ùŮ̫ƽǰԪվһš
̨һ¯̨̫ƽڴ˺Ԫ˰ʽ
̫֮ƽйԪʹǻһá
ȵķʢ˲Ŀ㺣֮⣬ƺᡣ
ֻǴʱԪĳԺȣ򵥵к֮󣬱뿪ˣ첽̫ƽڵķ䡣
ʱʳѾ׼׵
̫ƽţһԪˡ
̫ƽĺͷԪһװǱŮ˻Ҫÿ
̫ƽˡ
Ϸˣ𣿡Ԫƣһɰơ
ȻԪ⿪Լÿ̫ƽļ¡
ɫĲ˵ϡ


814 Ű֮֮

һҹԪ̫ƽ϶Ϊһ
ǣܾûôˡ
⣬̹ǡ
˵ŷѸŮɽãʵ檡
Բŵյϣббʮ֧
һһϣʮ֧ϸϸĻ磬Ȼֲ˻ǡȴۡ
ʮգʮ֧򣬱ʾܵ겻ˡ
ĵͷڵԡ
֮ǰȥԺҹŷ
ôңдԵŷԵ˲ͷ
ҹһҴӦˣԸˡܿЦ
ŷ˶٣ʲôУ£Ҳܻȥ
ҵɺɺİ취ˡٴο
ɺɺǸŮ֡
û뵽һ˵ŷЧáϻ
йȻЧ
ɺɺȻŲãŷı
ǰڸٳŷ͸ɺɺܽ飬ŷܵƣȢΪޣŷü͸ɺɺң
ֻǣɺɺ没һݺܡʶƴһܺ󣬸ɺɺȻԲѣӴһֱ
˵Ǿɺɺ裬ȻɺɺʱΣա
ǸɺɺѪͺϡУֻܵѪͺ͸ɺɺһܺ͸ɺɺĹƥ˲ࡣ
⼸£ŷȥɺɺѪ
ܵĹ裬Ҳһʺϸɺɺ
ڣѾѹֲɺɺճɾˡ
Ϊţʵ̫ˡ
ܰŷôã֡
ʱֲ裬͵Ҫ
ţڿˡ
ŷֻ߽ɨһۣͰ⣬ڵأˣƭң
ʹһܵϡ
ž
ܵ˵ϣʮ֧һŷˣͺϣˡ
ʮ֧ܡ湻ûУʮ˵ǿ֣˵ȴǣģ
ܿǰӢ˵ˣһĶ˵ţָֻŵʹþ񶾵Ļйĺޡ
˵תߡ
ȥסȣϯ¡ǵģûƭ㣡ֻҪҹһգҾͰһвƲת£ҰҵĹ㣡һж㣡ȥȸɺɺ
ŷסܵ°ͣĿбһĨɺɺ㺦ûԲѵģ㻹ʲôȥȣҲˣ
Ц
ŷûŹܣÿθɺɺݺܣŷǰѸɺɺӵ뻳תܵģİƣ
һΣˣˣ
ҪȥŮˣ
Ϊʱղˣ
ûƭ㡭ƴס
Ȼ˾֢ɹû⣬ֲģֲģ
ϣŷΪգβĿˣ
ǣŷһŰ߿
ܴһסؿڵ˵ϡ
װʲôװǿ׳ĺܣҲɺɺߵҲܻеģŷסܵͷܾǸ׼ħ㲻ҸգͲ䣡
ɫ¼Ӳ°ڷһѪۡŷˡ??
һѪʱѾܰץסѵ
Ѿдˡ
󣬲Ʋһж衣
ŷ̫ˣŷѾûˣȻŷϲɺɺǾͳȫǰɣ
֮ǰѪȸɺɺʱ򣬿Ѫһ㱻Ϳգ֧ȥ˼顣
û뵽ܱȷΪѾ˾ֻ֢ĸµˡ
֪ϢܾȻûйıˣȻĸо
ÿ죬ŷؼңܶؿշ
Ӻۺۡ
֮ԻĲ£ŷ
񣬼ȻҪˡŷԸɣ
ܵԸɲˣǾþһгɾŷ
Ȼûˣ磬Ͱһи
Բ𣬵ŮТܿˡѵԼϣգ૵ŷһΣĲٷˡ
Ѫ󴦣ͨͨ
żȻɹǣ׷һֻ
Զûͣ׷ĽŲһͣ£Ҫˡ
ǣţȻƿ
ŷǰ
ʲôŷæҡҡ
ѾһϢȴЦ
˭ˣŷæҽ͡
żɫܺȻ룬ѵϣ
ĪǣҲһģ
ϣܾͱþˡ??
ҽݣŷһضҽʿ˵һҪȾӣõѪһֻӵѪȥã


815 Ű֮֮2

ܹЦԭϣţֻΪ˾ȸɺɺ
ǸɺɺѪӣôأ
Ϊȼʱûʲô⣬ڴϡ
ŷţ΢΢ͷջ̾˿ŭΪҾͻͬ㡣㣿ܣµݲȥ
ܿЦδػ
Ҳ֪£춼㲻˳ۣŷЦ
Ҳˡֵܼµһжġ
ŷȻŭסܵ°ͣ
ʹöŲˡ
ûʲôɺɺҪȵ
ܾͱţɺɺѪӡ
ܸˡŷɱŷȴܡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ʱ߹˵ϲˣѾˣԺҲҪɵˡ
ֱܼţŷҲܳԾ
ⲻܣŷҪܵĺӣ㲻ҵĺӣ
ܿˡ
ѾһŷĺˣŷһۣΪʲôҪһΪʲôҪѡ֪ܵԼ˾֢ʱ򣬲أ
ϾҪˣôȥأ
ŷ˵˰ɣҲҪӡ
ˣ
ܵģȻǿӲôҪӡ
ҲԴģӣǸӣŻˣ𣿡ʵ
֮ǰǸӣŲŷġһֱһ
ŷȴҡҡͷ֪뵽ʲôȻһ㣬úϢȥóࡣ
ŷˣȥС£ʮ»̥ߡ
ǣûˡ
иܣôӣơȻĸ¡
СܺȻˡ
ܳ˵࣬ͻؼˡ
ˣԺתá״Ȼˡ
ȷԼһ״Ʋˡᣬ˵Ͼȥתðɡ
סԺ䣬Ӻ͵ģھǷشǳֵǮһ֣ں޽
ŷԺ䣬κ˶Сŷˡ
ǩ֣Ѿ߰תһŷ
ŷϷ廨ˣΪԾ
ŷϷ˲ϲܣϲܵǮŷûһˡҪǮǣﻹܹݳ
ˣҲֻŷϷˣܵɸ˵ˣԸ¼ȫҵŵġ
ܲԣжŷ£ڲ֪Σŷжˡ
ܰЭŷϷ˿
ŷϷüͷ˵ͳ˵ˣɺɺԲ£ǳ㣬˶ġ
ĸףûжһ޳ɣƣѲƲŷõĽ֡ܿЦ
֣ŷϷ˾ú֣Ҫ룿
ɺɺֹһεŴҵ棬ŷܺŷ룬ŷ͸ɺɺŮһˡ
ŷϷ˲ϣĳٴηæ˵⺢ӣ̫ϧ֪㰮ģٸһλɣǸ
ܵ˵ĸףĻ𣿡
ŷϷ˳Ĭˡ
ߵزŷϷҲεģ˭ŷϷҲһֱôܡ
תȻ΢ЦЭ飬뿪󽻸ŷ
ܻصңտţȴŷȻĵڼ
Э㿴һ¡ŷذһЭܵͷϡ
ϱˣסʹһһݺЭ顣
һҪѺ֮ŷҪ룬ŷա
һԵЭ飬ӵܣƾʲô֮Ҫɨسţ
̧ͷŷĮȴ򶨺ͱʤİա
ǳԶˣ˰ԵЭ飬ҲίȫشӦ
ܺȻЦˣʲôֻһѪӣһӵĹߣ
ǳͷվܣ㲻ǩѾ׼á
ܿЦã֪ʲôĳҿǩҲиӿ㣬еĲƲ㣬ҪӦң²Ҫȥɺɺúð£𣿡
ĮȻһʲôϷֿ֣ɱָ˵Ҫɺɺ
վԼƺ㣬ҲԸûܹǿȥ


816 Ű֮֮3

ŷȻ
ʲôŷΪģһݣ󣬵õȴֻӺ
ŷŭˣˡ
ܿЦֻôһҪ󡣡
ŷ˵ãҴӦ㡣
ܵڵء
Ըɺɺİûܵô
ǩЭ飬ŷˡ
ߵſڵʱܽеˣڿʼҪúðҡӦġ
ŷĬһ£쿪ʼͷҲصˡ
һˣֻ˱ȹ˵ڵĽֵ??ŷһμŷʱΪǣŷŹ
߹ȥǳǼ죬ŷȴŭҲҪЩСͬ飡
ܺðҲ㣬Ǽ򡣡
һԣŻŷվˣŷûȡ
̲סܴȵס֡
ǾȻͣסˣСǣˡˡ
ŷˣԭǶġ
ܾˣȻǿ˵ԣô
ŷͷ϶ѪȻδ޵Ŀܣһͷŭʨӡ
ֻû뵽ܾȻС졣
С㣬㳤ôÿܲҺһ
С㣬үõġ
Χֶܶŵġ
סܴ֡Уƴ
ҹŷȻ֣ߴӰ¹ӶȭͷѼðȾܡ
ȴ֧˵ϣѪ˳
ʺġȵҺӱǻʱʵһȻ֪Լ˲ǣûʲôر֢״ѪͷһΡ
ôŷܡ
˵㲻𣿡
ȥɺɺõˣҾȥյ⡣㡣ŷֵؿܡЩСģԱԵϷҿģ
ܵˣ˱ѪֹסЦȻǣǰҲǡǸɺɺϲңС˵ģʵǹġ
Ҳں͸ɺɺź󡣸ɺɺԼ˵ġ
ŷ˵Ҳɺɺ
ܾ֪˵Ҳǰ˵ŷš
̧֣˲ѪѪˣŷҲᷢ˾֢ΪŷУֻǱײײ˱Ӱɣ
ɺɺƽССŷŵҪ԰˲ŻţǰͲ
ȴ˻ȥŷʶԣܿվ
ǿ֣ڻ
Ҫȥɫ԰סһֽ
⵹ŷһ
ŷΪǲǿˡ
㲻˵ҰΪ𣿡ŷ˵ǼҰɣȽϰ
ˡ
ֻҪŷһĺãܶжͣ
˭֪ŷȴ˵ܣĸ׵ǷЭʲô˼
ԭѾ֪ˡ
ΪʧǷЭѾЧˣҵһѾˡ
ΪʲôҪŷĿ
ԸѡˡȥôҪõġŬ˻ǵòֻ밲Ĺһж˵׸ֻ͸㣬Ϊϣֻһˡƽ˵
ŷкȫ̽ܣҲûκΡ
ڵ˼ҡ
¡Ҷ
ŷˡ
ܰǴŹǣŷǴŹǡ
ܲڷѵΣŷķǳ嵭
Եյ⣬ŷͲԶǧȥ
֮ƺֲװ׶˲ƲΣŷ濪ʼܡ
ϷеİҲգôýǮ飬Ѿϰˡ
˭֪źȻ˵ɺɺΣҪŷϹȥһˡ
ոգŷӦһġ
ŷͷҲؾˣܣԿſյա
ܵȻ޷ܾϾɺɺΣˡ
ˣպŵģ˵һǧһεġϧչŷǴˡ
ܶһڽţһ˵δ̫įˣҸ˷ȴûˡ
֪߽һؤ
ؤﶼˡ
ûкӵ飬¶ϣգ꣬ϹȻЦ
ܸǽЦɲǼ䣬ܺȻã¹Ѿûˡ
ܺȻϲҲûǵĳЩһܾõ˺ܶࡣ


817 Ű֮֮4

ڶ죬ܺ̾ɵʵɺɺôˣ
ӡһش˵
Ӧң²ɺɺġܾĺʹʹ
ŷĶڸɺɺǿŷĺ
ϾҪˣҪů
ɺɺûΣڣʱܻŷػظ
ˡȻ˵㲻ҵԼʧЧǸõˡ
ϾͺˣȻҺ͸ɺɺŷںһĵԼ
ŷȻתˡ
ܱͷʹ
֪Ľܾ֡ʲôأ
˺ܶܶؤǿָˣǳˣ˵ܱǵĶŮҪá
ллǰңֻҪԸⰮңҿÿ˵ţ۽ڴת
˺ܶǮ·Ĵš
Ӹ㣬Ӧһº𣿡ܿ˾͵ݹȥһӡ
Ƕһ˰ɣ߿æˡ
׷ȥСıһײڵأ˫ֳڵϣҲ࣬УΪʲôҸǮǶϰҡΪʲô
ӳһˣװɫķ£ܿģӰٴεݹȥǮҰǮ㣬㰮һº𣿡
ܣڸʲôϤͷӹܻȻ̧ͷϵĮ
Ȼŷ
ٵ̰Ӣȴ
ΪʲôҪ
Ȼ˱΢Ҫ飬Ҳŷǵһ档
ҪߣŷȴһѰӵ˳
סܵ°ͣŷݺݵ˵㲻Ҫڻûк룬㻹ҼҵŮˣ
ҲʲôֻҪ˰ҡܿЦ
ΪŷһУɶ˻
ŷ󺰡˻ߣҰ㰡֪֪ɵϣǸɵϣ
ˣǰ˭ɵϣ
ɵɵˡ
ѺǮһж
ʮżɵ
ϸָ䣬̻ڴضŷȻһ꣬Ȼܣ֣ص˵ҽҲɺɺ¡
ʳˣǵԼѾʧЧװν˵
ҽʧԡһ̣ŷȻֳ嶯ǲǶܣ̫Щ
ȥǴΣֻҲ˸ɺɺĻˡ
ǲֻ֪࣬Ƕ԰˷ݡԲĮ
֪ɺɺһֱݺܣɳ谮
ܣܵ
̫ܿˣٴ˱Ѫŷ
ŷæ͵㿴ȥ̫ҽɣ
ܲŷ֪˾֢ܾˣˣǾͿԶҸһ𣬶Բԣ
Ҫ˵ɵŷͷϣ˿ë
ܿЦȻŷϷ˹ؼңɺɺַˡ
ŷܣԥ˵ʱܻȥ
ȥɡǹϲˡûûεЦˡ
㡭ŷЩϲûûԵӡ
ѵ˵ȥɡԼЧġ׼һΡ
ŷͷһҸϲԵĵյ⡣
ŷˡ
Ժżįǿա
ɺɺҪˣŷֻصɺɺˡ
ܲŷΪѣʰڶ뿪ˡ
֪ȥ
ֱܵĸĸףԪҵܣܻ˼ҡ
ڼº󣬲أڵŮ֮󣬰ԼһһŮи˸ĸס
һϢУϣ̫ƽһ档
ǣ̫ƽΪʺô
⾪ϲǣŷڳˡ
˾֢Ϊʲô˵Ϊʲô˵ŷĪ
֮Ҳƣ֪ûչ˺ӵԾͰѺڶɡúչԼӴԺҲû˿ԾˡһϢ˵
ҲپңҪٴξҡŷʹ顣
ŷȥ
̫ƽϵʱѾˡ
ڿһУǵˡ̫ƽſЦ
ŷԼͷʺҰɣҺܣҺܣ
̫ƽҡҡͷתҪߡ
ŷ̫ƽǰ˵ȻʺﲻԸңǾūɣ


818 ʿ

̫ƽһΪʲô
ʺ벻ҪᣬǾûжȡȨ˼ֻɱݶ㼸ΪūŲˡŷʵ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ū˵ȷʼˡ
֮ǰ߹޸ūӣūӼλʹѺ
˭֪ūң߹ūӶɱ
ūλһҪšǹѻ𡱣Դ
ԪȻūᡣ˵ˣ߹ǴԶūȴⱻɱ̫ƽһҪΪ߹ġ
Ӻȸӭء
̫ƽŷĳ⣬˵֪ˣһ߻ϣȺúԼʱǻġ
̫ƽԪʱԪӺ¡
书棬Ӻ󶼶ȸүʹ󽫾ɺٽ
ķ棬Ңة࣬褺ڸ׸ҲΪ顣顣ԪǺԺԺ
ƣ赲
̫ƽû߽ȥԪǣ뿪ʱȴ·ϿС
ǹ󣬡˭˵ŮӲУŮҲ뾡֮
̫ƽæ˵п֮ӣȻ㽫ֻǿϧˡûŮΪ
˵һŻеڶʺȫɫ
̫ƽЦ治ս𣿡
սϵۣǶ˵ȴǴ̼Ĳ¡ʵҲΪһ£׵Ը߹ءǸΨһŮ
Ȼ֪󽫾ΨһŮ֪ĸϣŮҸһ˼ңǸǴ󽫾ԸһսǼܹҸʵ룬Ҳ㸸֮õο𣿡̫ƽǺÿڲš
˵ҪҼˣڡ˭ԸȢأ̾˿
ΪʲôԸȢ㣿֮󡣻Ůӣһ书Ůӣ¾һˣͲ֪ԸԸ⣿̫ƽЦ
ʺͱȡЦˡˡ
ӺȻ֮ǰйһʧܵĻΪ˳ϣҾ㵹Ǻʡ̫ƽҲֱԲˡ
ǣʺӺϲҡ֪ӺǺˡ
ǿģڸҽΪǴͻ飬ȴһκԵ̫ƽסе֡
ǿŤĹϲ𡭡кˡ
ô֪ӺԸأӺ˴ҲʱҪһ־ͬϵŮһ𣬹ˡ̫ƽЦԵǳɹˣ㣬Ǻһ׮͸ӺһᡣҲԼһ
б˵ˣʺҾͲȥˡ
ҲȻҪӺһ£˵ˣϴͻ飬ȻҪ˶ˡ̫ƽһЦ
ôʹͻ𣿿»Ҳ֪ɣѵʺı˵Ҳֱӡ
ǵǣǿѪҲѪҶӺͶ㶼˽⣬֪ҪʲôİɣҲҵԧ׵ġ̫ƽ̹ϵ˵
ǾͶлʺˡ̾˿ڴġ
ʲôҵĺ̫ƽе֣˽ȥ
ԪոպúӺ̫꣬ƽЦտˬ
̫ƽҲżɽıˣкӺ¡
Ӻ໥͵͵һۣˡ
̫ƽЦԡ檿ϴͻ顣
ӺˣڳȻûʲôģֻǲ֪鲻⣬Ͼͱܶࡣ
ˬ˵ϲʹģ죬ˣҸһ
⻰Ǳ̨ʾԸˡ
ԪЦȻˣ޾͸Ǵͻ飬ǹϲˡ
ǣӺгΪδޡ
ҿ¸¾Ͱھϯɣ䶼Сˡ̫ƽ飬⣬ҲҪһЩױ
áӺ쵽˲Ӹ
ȻӺ̵ˡ
̫ƽᵽŷ˵Ҫξū£ūɱ߹ﲻ⣬һҪΪ߹𡣡
ԪͷܵѾ˵ˣúź˵δҲһֽѡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ҿŷĻڸġŷҲǸŷҳˡ
޵ȻӦŷҿʿңŹŷôҾ޿ܹõıʿͻڹ˽ģ˵ˣŷΪһὨҵġô᲻أԪЦ


819 ۼҩķ

Ȼ̫ƽù飬װ磬ȥҽݡ̫ƽտžͷֵſһˡ
ȫ࣬ͷҲǡ̫ƽȥˣ˻
Σա̫ƽѾһ˷ڣϻйɵľζȷǺ˾֮СĵˣԼĴӺΪ֧յλá
Ҫ֤ľǺ̫ͨƽ˵촽кܶɳҪˡ
̫ƽӽɳɾͬҲһ顣
ΪζǳĳһԵ˶ĵһء
ιѡ̫ƽ˵ļ
ֻɻԲѣ̫ƽҪ̽̽ıϢȷȸղ΢õ㡣
Ƶ֢״Ƿǳԣֳּ
ȥһɡ̫ƽתѾ˵
ǽƵģǳʵáиǾҩߺ޲ʿԻʪˮ
ڵŸͬʱ̫ƽβ
̫ƽѡȡ˽ϵȪѨȪҲʪҪѨ
㡣̫ƽʱһ¡ϻһ
зӦˣûʲô⡣һ˸п
ҪܾܿѾһغˡ
һ̫ƽι¡
ûã˵Ƥ͹
ˣˡһԵ˶˷ܵΧ
˵ָŲһ¡
ɡ̫ƽͼ˰æŽһ˸
Ȼ˵ĺ¡
ȿȡȿȡԣ³һЩ
ʱһ
̫ƽѾ߶һˮȻ˽ˮι¡
۾
𣿡˺Ĵһ¡
ѽҪǴ治˵أһԵ˷׷۵˿󡣡
лл˼Ϲ
̫ƽĸһ顣˷ּ֮⡣ϲû⡣
мҩûȥˣٺͺˡ̫ƽҩݸˡ
ԺҺȾƣһʲôΣաۻǳܲʹ
ţû´˰лллл
̫֮ƽһƵҪһƵҩġ
ΪȾƵ˺֮ܶ࣬µҲǳࡣ
һ׼ҩġں֮ǰ֮ÿϻƵ֢״Ƿǳаġ
ҹ̫ƽԼڷ谵ĵƹǽϡͶ̫ƽģӰӡ
ϰڷ˴鼮̫ƽز鿴ÿ鼮ݡ
ҴҳҩйصϢ
Ϊҩ֮ͱҺ塣
ҺƽʱЯǷǳġ
̫ƽҪľ취ЩҺɹ塣
ҽϼˣҲԹŬ
ûгɹ
̫ƽûз̫ƽɲͬļ͡
һҩһĥɷۼ
ȻֻͷֱѾȥá
ۼЧ̫
̫ƽӴ˶Էۼо
ͬʱ̫ƽҲߣλҲĥɷۡ
зۼ֮󣬱˳ļ͡
ֻЩۼ໥֮䲻ճϡ
ˮȥЩۼȻԴﵽճϵĿġΪˮ׷ùڱ档
ǣ̫ƽֳַʽŴϿԴﵽȽϺõЧõѡ÷
Ϊˮͺܵͬ͡ʱڸбȽ𣬷Ҳ̫ų⡣
ΪһҪƽЧ̫ƽԺһİ׾ơ
̫ƽ׾һʱ򣬶ʱһʹ
̫ƽϽҩ̷
˲䣬̫ƽĶӱûôʹˡ
ĸо˶Աȣ̫ƽ϶ҩЧǷǳġ
ұַ˶ʮҩ衣
û죬м̧
ûˣŵһŨصľζ
˳֮⣬̫ƽЩҩˮȻЩ˷¡
ܿ죬˾˹
ΪҪżҩҩβЧʵҲˡ
ȷЩƵûʲô֮
ǣ̫ƽͿʼۼˡ
졣
ʦѧϰ̼ÿһЧǳã˻Ľľ˵Ŀ
ѧ𣿡̫ƽʵҵȷȱ㲢ڷܵѧͽơ
ľ㻹ʮֳϿҵģ̫ƽ飬ܹɣ̫ƽľҲǺܿõģѧϰҽ츳һ棬ǸҪǺŬ
νܲ׾ľ߱ʣֻҪõľһǿкܴĳɳ


820 ·

Զԣĺѧľƴĵͷ
̫ƽųľѧĸ࣬Ҳľ¯̫ƽ㽫һؼľ㡣
ҪѧĻȰⱾúÿĻ֪ʶвĿҡⱾѾƣߵּЩģľȴǳϧ
ʵƽľп̫ƽ裬һЩõѨλҲʮֵˡ
Ȿ֮ľϵͳԵĽЩ֪ʶ
βӦ÷ǳĹ㷺ֹʹЧǷǳԵġ
һΪСĽˣһȳһĴ
ҿʵ̫ˡˣΪû˰æľǰˡСߵ̫ƽߡ
ֻ˵ĽѾ׵һһ
ôŪ˵ģ̫ƽһһ߿ʼ飬ȷǷйۡ
·ϣСŤˡЩգüͷ塣
ãھ̫֮ƽȷͷûʲô󰭡
°ɣ㿴̫ƽ漴ȡ룬ڻؿء
־ֲŤˣȡѨԾֲȡѨΪ
лһȡѨѨ
ⰢѨʹΪȡѨҲʮֵ
԰ɣӦļѨλΪ̫ƽݸľ㡣
ľԥһ£ͣ˰ա
İɣʲôһᴦ̫ƽ΢΢һЦľͷ
ľҲųЦݡ
ӹ룬ľСѰѨͽϪѨ
ֻľ㻹ЩĵĻͷһ̫ƽ
ûѨλ̫ƽ͸һᡣ
ȻǺľ˽Ѿϰܶνַ
̶ֹƤָ֮һʹ̽ڡ
ֻ֮ľû룬վλø̫ƽ
ɣľЦЦ
̫ƽͷٵת塣
ûã˾;ýй
ԡԼһ̫֮ƽȡɵ˵
˽ŽɣСĽŲڵϡ
֣ûôˡ˾ϲĵɴ۾
̫֮ƽľ˵𣿡ľͷлʦ
ҲﳣﳣסģһҪϸȥѧÿһҽ̸츣գ֪ȻѧͽСѧҲ츳۵һȴġҾϲ档̫ƽϵ˵úøɰɣԵÿп࣬Ϊ㸸װ͹ҲǶһƬ۰
ǡʦľ˵
̫ƽˣʦسȥˡ
Ӻгˣ̫ƽϹȥϲơ
ӺΣ˹ޣ̫ƽ˼ˣ˾˵ףǰúϣӡ
зף̫ƽӡ
̫ƽžΪԼһֱ̫æµˣԪ֮䡣ҲעҪӡ
ãҽǵףӡ̫ƽЦ
ЦЦȥԪæڹ¡ûжʱ̫ƽޡ
̫ƽҲֻܶһ뼦͵鷿Ԫȣ磬ҹˣϢɡ
ãٿ⼸ۣʵ̫ˡԪŹǷ˵
̫ƽĵؿԪǣҪ̫ƽҲû취
ӺѾһУԪ㱨
Ԫͬˡ
ΪβʲôҪģūҲûԪӺȥˣŷǸһ𿹻ȥ
ȸӣؾǡûȥ
̫ƽȸһˣ˲͵ȸϣȸһһ̫ƽһԣ͸о̫ƽһžˡ
ܹҪŶԣǶܻӭ㡣ɺЦ
÷ݯǸ̫ƽвˣ̫ƽҾ͸оˣԲǶûʺΪǾ̫׽ˡ
ǶԵģҲϣ̫񣬷Եˡ̫ƽЦһԷɣֵġ
ȸЦϺõһ̫ƽȾ㲻ڱϿҸɺ˺Ⱦơ
ƺȶҲҪٺһ㡣̫ƽֵЦ
һƺص졣
ǣԪ̫ƽİȴʱ޿̲ڴ
죬͡
ӭӣԶ轣
ţԶĽȻͶϳء
Զ̾һ˵ԽԽˡ
ˣΪÿնͷɥģһǿġ
ǿסģʲôõҲ߰ɣԪλҴѹƣ٣ֻܾһֱưܵǻʲô·أԶЦ


821 īĿ

֪ǲߵġ˵ҲߣҲߣ
㲻ҲߣҾǸˣﻹʲôôأԶͷ˵
ҲǸˣߵȥأ紷Լķȡ
ͷʹ
Цǹʲôأҽǽҵġ
Զһܰˣѱô⣿
ҡҡͷ˵ҷȻݻڡ
ǡԼȲôңҲ˵˵Ҷ˥ܳˣͲҪǿЦˡǻ׹ݡ˥ˣȻлʼ㣬ȴУҪġ
ˣΪҽǳԱ˳ŵģƭǡܲеš⡣һŮӲУҪǰæ
һǼȻˣǽ̸ɡչ˵㡣

ЦôҲѧ̫ƽˣ
ЦΪ¾ֻ̫ƽҺ̫ƽǴӶģԭϰ߶Ǹĸѧġ
Цԭˣȥûע⡣
ȷ̫ƽ̫ҫۣ񻹹ΪʺӮˣǣˡԣǵĿⶼע̫ƽˣΪ档絹ǿõȻ
˵̫ƽֻʱӮ˶ѣĿ޵ĵطءĿϬӺˣ͢飬ʩչȭõĻᡣ
˵ס˵˰죬ûôʩչȭšԶȾơ
ҪһҩһʶԺҩ衣֪̫ƽСܰŪ֡Ҿа취̫ƽѣԪײ̫ƽ˵Լİ취
ЦҪа취Ҫҹҹ𣿡
ǣԶȻһ˵ֻҪõҩͿԣ
ǰҩ̫ƽȥ˵ϧһǿˣҲûôõЧԣֻܴ̫ƽá͵
Уҿ԰쵽ԶȻӦ
缱ˡ㡭Ӧ̫˰ɣʲô취
ԶһЦΪа취
УҾ͵ǺϢʱˡ
Цòڳǰˣɣʲô취ȥ͵̫ƽҩ
Զҡҡͷңһ϶̫ƽߣ̫ƽѾߣҵõ̫ƽã̫ƽΪʺѾɻ״̬˳ɼһֱִеĺܺãҲεĺܺã˵ȥ͵ҩǺܼ˭㾹Ȼһ֣Ҳңı⡣
Զ˵ļϸī㡣
īĸҵѾߣī˵ҵļӡīȻĸ˫ɻֻҳҵġ
īͱͽ̫ƽѾߣһꡣ
̫ƽīǼϸȻԪ̫ƽġ
̫ƽѡ䴦ûᡣ
̫ƽΪֻҪϡͿԴκˣǸǼϸ
ǣī㣬ƺһ͵ġ
ΪīյԶʱīҲſ̫ƽī̫ãܲԶһҪ֮īҲͻָκ˵ļϸ
ԶŴӦˡ
ī㺬ᣬ͵͵ȥ޵Ļ֪ҩĴŴ
̫ƽȻѾҩĶޣҲϽÿҩķű࣬ڳϵģһ˻򲻿
ҲԿף˽½κһˡ
ī˵ī޷ֵԿף޾ܾˡ
޲ǲī㣬Ϊ˹ء
īȻа취
ī޹ˣȼסһԿףȻ͵ǰԿף˳룬ҩȡһٰ֣ѳϡ
ȻٰãŸͳԶ
·ǳ棬ÿ죬һÿ롣
޷֣ҩһ
ϸ룬ʼī㡣
ûи̫ƽΪ޺īϵҪã벻ԼõĽû£Լ
ǣ޵īʡ
ī㣬ЩҩʲôǶҩֲβҩˣô᲻ҩأѶҩȥ𣿡޴ʵ
ޣһԲʺ£Ҳˣͳȫң˺òãī˵
ԭȥˣΪʲôңȥʲôˣޱʵ
īˣޣҲɼ㲻Ҫҡ


822 ̥

ˣ벻ˣ㲻ԭھȥ߻ʺ϶˻ʺ
īóһۣޱΧ޻Թȥˡ
īʹ࣬ޣΪʲôҲңǣްصԼ䴲µĵīõһҡ
⣬װȥҽݡҪʱܻع
Ϊ̫ƽ֮ǰ˺ܶѧͽԣ޲ڣѧͽǻǿʱ޵ġ
˵ˣ޵ȷҪҽݣʱæȷһ¶ܻعҶֲˡ
ھһϵеٴ̫֮ƽԽԽЩΣʺڵʽ
Ϊǲͣؼȥһҩβĳһũɻһֻгҩ˵һѧһҪҩ
ȥҩ鷳صıǷǳʱ䡣
ܹһַЯҩģʵǷǳдԵġ
뷨̫ƽܿҪʵ
ΪǰѾԹ̫ƽܿ˽չ
̫ƽǴӷۼҩҪʼֵġ
ۼҩԼ򵥣ֻǰԭĲҩĥɷ۾Ϳԡ
ҪõʱֻҪÿˮ
˵ƽʱһֱȥͿԡ
Ϊ˾ƹ͵ҩ
̫ƽҲʮֵȥβʹá
һЩҽտʼЩԣΪҩܺܺõİҩԸӳ
ھ̫ƽķ֮󣬴ҽĹǡ׷׿ʼȥá
⿴ͦġиҽõֽõķۼʱ̾
ԭĲҩһһѣҪһźܸߵܲܰĥɷֻ֮ҪһֽܰϸͿ
ȥҲǷǳķ㡣
ζôһ¡иҽÿˮۼ忪˵ǰš
ϵҽֻҪһű֪ҩҩЧ
ҩ֮ҩԵķӺĸоǷǳĲġ
ȻеҩĶɷۼʹ󲿷ҩĶԣɷۼǲôѵġ
̫ƽֻǼ򵥵ĽҩɷۼѣΪ˸õоҩģ̫ƽʱоҩ֮ϵ
ԽʮҩĻһĥķۼʵǸ
ָҩƼзǳԵЧ
Ϊƽʱ˸ʹ̫ƽصоԸ˸ʹĸ
飬֦ܺڣ֬ҩϴɺϳһ飬ȻһĥɷۣװֽҪʱóˮһͿˡ
ҽ⸴ۼûؼҸáĽͦܿ죬ڴҵĿڱУ⸾˸ʹĸ˳
ǷҪܶȥǱõġ
ԵͷЩҽ̫ƽ̬ҲĲһˣ̫ƽһЩ´죬ҲԸϡ
ʱ̫ƽҲ˸ľȥоµļ̫͡ƽǳרעʱҹߡ
ԪЩѵô˯ôԵ
š˯̫ƽЦЦȥϴˡ
̫ƽʱһرµʱרע˳Է
ҪԪѣ̫ƽͿˡ
Ϊ̫ƽиõ壬Ԫ̫ҽ͹ŮǸ̫ƽ
ͬĸ෽ͬ
ֵ£̫ƽȻ࣬ȴһֱ
һգ̫ƽڵҩģͻȻǰһڣʲôˡ
̫ƽϢ˺һŻ
Ϊ̫۵µ̫ƽû̫⡣ϵ΢±ȥϢ˻Щҩġ
ֹ˼죬̫ƽͼŮһҩġ
׼վȴͻȻǰһڣˤ
һԵĹŮӦʱһѷס̫ƽ
ôҪҪԪ˵̫ƽͷˣϹ
ûϷˣ̫ƽڴϣɫѾָˡ
ʺ嵽ôˣԪܹеʵ
̫ҽվԪ
ϲϣʺϲˡ
ʲôԪĵɴ۾ת˲䣬ԪϲĲѡ
̫ˣû뵽㾹ȻôԪرס̫ƽ̫ƽڴϡ
ԼеϢ̫ƽһҲûӦ
Ϊһæҩ̫ƽʳԼµʷû
̫СˡԪ侲֮ɫͻȻѾ޵̥ٲ͹ȡ㣬ӽʼ볹׵Ϣ
Ԫᶨݲ̫ƽаµķ
̫ƽЦŵͷһжϵİš
Ϊ̫ƽܹõõϢԪּŮ̫ƽ


823 ۺ

Ȼ̫ƽͻ壬ʱԪѾ̫ƽκεġ
Ϊܹ֤̫ƽͶĺһƽԪרŰ̫ҽ̶̫ƽߡÿθ̫ƽ塣
ԪһпյʱҲϹ̫ƽ
˿س檣̫ܳƽϸ
ˣϢԪܽŵġԷ̫ƽ
оΣ̫ҽιԪеʵ
һжܺãĪ뵣ġ̫ƽ΢΢ﷺһ
ӣĺӲкϻ᲻ʧأ
кŮ޶һϲԪ̫ƽĶӡҪԹԵŶҪ۸ĸףҲҪ޵ġ
ӣʲô֪ء̫ƽ̲סԪ֡
޵ĺӣ϶ǷǳԪܼ˵ֻҪܸ޽һӣŮ޶͡
ʱһȥԴ̥̫ƽ齥ѹ
Ȼ̫ҽǳӵЧ̫룬̫ƽ̥ԵЩ
ԭΣԪ֪̫ҽҽѾǷǳ˵á϶ʲôԭ
ʺƣƺĽᡣ΢ҶʣƺΪûʼ˼롣̫ҽ˵
ԪЩĬ̫ҽС˵΢ٶ˵һ䡣ʺԻãϲûʺ飬ܲһõѡ񣬡
ˣ֪ˣ°ɡԪĬĬĻ˻֡
һʱ䡣ԪЩã˫۴Ŵ⡣
һֱ̫ɽԪûдλվ
ϣԪרȥ̫ƽ
ϡôˣ̫ƽԾԪ
ʱԪǲ̫ܳƽǰġ
޽첻æġ˵ţԪ̫ƽĴͷ
޽̫ҽ̫áܶԶĺҲӰ졣Ԫ˵ĺ˫һֱ̫ƽ
Բûϵˡ̫ƽʱϵЦݡ
ʵЦҲǿģΪһֱû̫ƽѾĵЩץˡ
޶Բ㡣ԪͻȻ̫ƽӡӽԺʲôʲôֻҪ㿪ľͺá£ԪϸֳһĨЦ
̫ƽۿʪˡû뵽ԪȻ˵ϸᡣ
ˣ֪㻹ЩûáʲôҪģֻܿڣ޻ȫ㡣
лϣ̫ƽĵͷƺпʯͷؿƿˡ
ڶ죬̫ƽһƬѹɫӳ̫ƽϣ̫ƽǵԵøˡ
ʺôŮ
ŷ̫ƽȴ̫ƽѾ롣׼ˡ
ߣȥ̫ҽԺ̫ƽơ
ǣʺĶЩŵ˵
û£ƽʱ߲ںӡ̫ƽ΢Ц˵
̫ƽ󲽵ǰ档Ůظڸ
һ߽̫ҽԺֱҩ䡣
ҩŨصҩϢ
ʺǻǲҪ̫ãö̥Ӱ졣Ůѵ
ã̫ƽͷٵһȦ˿Լû˵ʱ䷢˳
ۼҩĵѾ졣
ΪЧҲбϣԽԽҽʼƹۼҩġ
ֻʱ̫ƽ˸뷨
̫ƽ֣ۼҪŨƬЯԸӷ㣬ҿֱøٵˮֱӶٷ
Ϊչ˵ĺӣ̫ƽؼеһͨķ
Ȼ̫ƽ飬ǸǰԼ뷨Ĳ߽Щ̫ҽ̫ǡ
Ҫ취ЩĩҪֹҩ۷ùʣҪ֤ӰҩЧķӡ̫ƽżɽ͵ƬĹؼҪ㡣
˶ҽ۷Ƿ
ʺ»ѡһ̫ҽ˵
֪ѣԲҪǳ취ôǵļֵأ̫ƽһЦ˵
ѾǰǳԹֿܡǿص漸ֲно̫ƽóһֽд
Ŵף佺
ǱȽϳõģЧǲġ̫ƽֽҩĲ̫ʺȿϵҩ
ʯ֮࣬ǿƿϵķ
ҩأЩҩҲճԵġ簢и̫ʵ
ԣճԵҩģƬ䷽̫ƽ϶ĵͷ
һҪעҩƫԡмηɱ
̫ƽָ£ƬĿȡ˽׶Եĳɹ
½½ģһƳƬ
ͬʱʱӣ̫ƽĶһ


824 

̫ҽľĵ£̫ƽȴûʲôʷӦθںܺã˯Ҳܺá
Ͼʱ̫ƽᰲĶ飬
ģȥ̫ҽԺƬĽȡ
糯֮ԪϰԵع̫̽ƽ
ոоΣĶִˡԪĵ̫ƽĶӡ
أ̫ƽЦ֪кŮ
кŮ޶ϲԪ˵
̫ҽ˵ӾͿˣɶ׼ˣԪĵʵ
Ȼˣ׼飬ĻʲôҪ׼ģǵġ̫ƽˡ
ڵ㰡Ԫ˵һ̥÷ǳѣĺܵ㡣֪޿Ϊ׼ЩʲôԼʹ࣬˳˳ӡ
ʲôҪֻúõľС̫ƽһЦýˣڶ̥Ǳȵһ̥׵ġ
̫ƽϣƬԿƹ㿪Ϊ츣ǳˡ
Ϊճϼ̫׼Ƭֻһ㡣
̫ƽ취ͻơ
ǣ̫ƽԼ鷿Ҫɽ𰸸ҳ
ΪҹȻ˵̫ƽעˣżǻһЩӦ
̫ƽԪģˣҲûиԪ߿ֲ࣬ʵʱҲû̫ĵ̫ƽԼͺóƷƹĹУ̫ƽҲԼӵ
Ϊܹõʵʵ̫ƽԪȥʵؿ졣
һ·ϣ̫ƽֻ˼򵥵ļŮҲûô
һлΪ֪飬Ԫǲ̫ƽġ
Ȼ̫ƽһƬСׯʱͻȻ콵̫꣬ƽòһꡣ
ʱ̫ƽŷһ˾סĵط
ҪװöûС
̫ƽȫʪ䣬紵ȫɪɪ
ʺ󣬿·ϰɣһŮóһۡ
ȥܲҵһЩ𡣡һŮվ
һˣʱ̫ƽ΢һЩ
ʵ̫ƽѾܺˡ
õ̫꣬ƽסԼһҩ
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ʺȥ濴һȦҪҩƺҲࡣһŮ˵
û¡ȴȥɡ˵ţ̫ƽҪ
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ʺ󣬻ʺ󡣡ԵļŮæ̫ƽס
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û£ȻˣͰðɡ̫ƽ΢΢¶š
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ʺ㿴ܴ󣡡ͻȻŮ˷ܵĺ
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Ϊо̫ƽڸһأЩʵרо
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΢΢̫ƽѾͷʼ۲о
ʺôٶ˯һŮݲŷ̫ƽѾˣϽܵͷ
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ǰ̫ƽòķСľ˲ڴʹ֦ϡ³ʹѾ˴ʹ
һ޴ͻƣַͨеĻ̫ƽҪҩ䷽ӭжˡ
ЩĹ۲ͼ¼̫֮ƽ뿪
صϽ緹
ʺϽȳԵ㷹ɣҪȻĺҲá
ţԼɵЦ
ûһͻȻշƾޱ䣬һƬƺѹѹĵ
ʱ̫ƽͷһ
̫ƽ׼һЩʩʱڰСıб£ݶҲһ̫ƽʵӡ
ȱȥ̫֮ƽϽ䡣
Ÿոջö˶˵磬Ѿſ˵ϣ̫ƽʱؿһۡ
ǰڵĸȫ׷ˡ
ʺʺ󡣡ԵĹŮϽ̫ƽϢ
Ҳ̫ңһΣ̫ƽԾöӺۡ
̫ƽСĵļ£־ȻЩˡɲС¡
ȻһҪƬãӰ쵽ӵĽǿɾͱĩˡ


825 Ҫ

̫ƽĸԼ֮󣬱Լ˱̥ķӡ
ΪѾ˼죬̫ƽ㰲Ϣ
ߵĹŮ֪̫ƽǲҹŪߣ³ʲô⣬Ҫ̫ƽĺиʲô̵ĻЩŮ϶Ҫͷصġ
ΪطƫƧЩҩĲȫΪ˰̫ƽҵ̥ҩŮҲǲͿĸȥء
ھµĵ̫ƽ»ָ˹
һ̫֮ƽҲٵˡ
ʱһȥ̫ƽĶҲһı
ڹŮǶ̫ƽȻûȥͣûƷ̫ƽο
Ϊ˰ȫ̫ƽڹĽ»ǻع̥̥
ʱ̫ƽѸʱͶ뵽Ƭ䷽ȥ
̫ƽеƬղΪڿƣƣƺ֢
Ϊ˷ֹ໥̫֮ƽҩֱĸͬķ
̫ƽÿҩƷ˶һ·
ǽ뷿乤Ҫ·
Ϊ˱֤ҩЧ̫ƽõҩƷг졣
һҩЧģ̫ƽҪͬεҩƷ١
ΪƬҩƷƹǰڣ̫ƽһҪ֤ҩƷЩµƬѱ˽ܡ
̫ƽȫල£ƬĿƹ㣬ȡ˺ܲЧ
̫ƽҽ͸صҽۼһֳƬҩ̺עϸĽڳ
ʲô⣬ֻʡ̫ƽ̨£Ƭƹ㣬ҪҶŬģţһǳ顣
Ϊ˹ҽƬ̫ƽһһרʽصҽԺ
ڲֲ˻ҽܶʱڲܽƬģ̫ƽҲǿƣ̬º͵׼ؽʵƽ
̫ƬĴӳųȥ̫ƽվڳǽϣʧԶ
ʺ󣬻㡣Ů˵
á̫ƽŮڹŮĲ»³ǽ
̫ƽ󳼶˵˸ûʺ㿴ЩǴǺͰǸΪҡԪЦúϲ£졣
Ǹܴƽдǡһ񡱰Ǹ̫ƽдҾǺܼ򵥵ġŮ٢֡
嶼Ҿºÿ
̫ƽЦǹˣʵҲֻ˱ֵ顣
̫ƽһͺ󣬸΢ԪЦϳԺ
лϵӢŻһͺ󰡡̫ƽЦ
Ԫ̫ƽıӣЦƣԼԼһͺģ
ߺߣǸղţġ檲ûƤء̫ƽԪ
һġӾˣ̫ƽס˶ӣϡ
ôˣԪˣԤڿ쵽ˣòҪ˰ɣȥнŹ
̫ƽüëҪ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪأ޽̫ҽܿ˰ɣܲܿһֱôʹࡣԪ̾˿˵
ϣû¡һͺá̫ƽͷϵĺˮɫȴѾס
Ԫ̫ƽ˴ϣϢһ¡̫ҽһ
̫ҽˣԪ˵ϣʺȷҪˡǸϽ׼źͽĸɡ
ʲôʱأԪЩš
ʱҪڽ賿ˡ̫ҽ
Ҫô𣿡Ԫ̫ƽ̫ۡ
ǵģ賿ԺڻϢһ£ʺҪʳóԵ㲹ģʱ
֪ˣˣλ̫ҽͽ𡣡Ԫ̾˿˵
Ϲ̫ҽˡ
Ԫϲعȥס̫ƽ˵Ҫˣ
ϣ˵ġڵȷеˡ
֪ǺѽóóԵġˣ˲ҲҪȡԪ˵ô˵
ǵʱٺȱȽϺãںˣ̫硣Ϲɵġ̫ƽЦ
ҲУҪԼ͸Ԫ̫Ը
˵ԵԽԽãҵһ͹ˣԶ˷ҾƣԪˡ̫ƽ͵
ãģ޶ģֻҪƽƽģʲôġԪЦ
˷̫ƽһ㡣
ϣҪһСС𣿡̫ƽԪȥģͰο
ǹӣ޵Ĺ⣬޶һġԪס̫ƽ֣ϲԽ
ҹˣ̫ƽˣԪĻ۾
ŵȣѾˡ
̫ƽĶӺȻҵʹԪ֪ǿʼˡ
ϣԪѽźѾ߶˽


826 ¹

̫ƽֻöӺжһֱ¼͵úܴ
ǰǱȵģʱҪˣԣΪ˱סӾİգϧԼʿºӺûüϺֹѪˡ
ˣ̫ƽǰȻᵽӵʹȴû˳
Σһʹ̫ƽˮˣӦˮˡ
ʹʹ̫ƽҧסͷ
ʺǵܼʹʱ䵽ˣһȰһ棬ҰĦ
ĺ۰۵ܲˡ̫ƽᶼˡ
ʹûܹ̫ƽҲǼǿˣڼ̫֮ƽܹסʹˡ
Ԫվ⣬ļˡ
ôûã춼ˡԪʱĺÿ졣
̫ƽĽһһ
ԪĶˣ޲ô̫ƽȥеһеʹࡣ
ʹʮһٱ¡
ʱһӤ
ԪҲȲˣϳ˽ȥ
ϵǣȻŵϱһӤҪݸԪǣԪȴҲûܵ˴˵̫ƽôˣ
̫ƽȻѾƣڴϣͷ϶Ǻˮȫѩһǿɫܺá۾תԪЦŰοû£һء
ô˵ɥĻǵģˡޣޡԪ̫ƽۼˡ
ǹϲˣʺ˸СأűźӺΣͣ˵š
ǣôܹأңϲ°ЦһºòãΪʲôüͷأ̫ƽ֣ҪƽԪüë
úúá޿ƽûб޸ˣΪʲôЦأԪЦˣͷס˸ճŮӤ
ŮӤȻͰ͵ģǾѾ̫ƽˣ̫ƽ쿴ǸСӣԺһǣΪĽŮˣһ
̫ƽҡҡͷҵϣֻϣӵҸһƽҲá
ԪЦǹƽҲƽ˰޻ᱣġ˭۸޵Сް
Ԫ˵⻰ʱҸ
̫ƽЦǰǰ
ϣʺϣҪЦСʱ𣿡
Ԫ˽һ˵û޷ǳ᲻𣿡
ЦǣСҲҪ̰
̫ƽЦԼĸ飬罻ιɡ̫ˣٽι
Ŵһʹãʹðǻʺ֮ôأ˵ˣǴ˼ҵĸҲûԼι̵ģҪȻǺܲ£ᱻЦġ
ЦʲôأԼĸ飬ΪʲôܹԼĺιأѵĸʺϺ𣿸飬ĸʹȻʲôġ̫ƽɫ
һʺۣūһӶû˵
Ԫɫ˵Ȼʺô˵˻ʺɣʵҲС˴ֻǻʺոϣԵ𣿡
ôѾߣ˵ˣֲͲˣڱ油ѽ̫ƽһЦʲôѵģ
ڶ죬İպӾˡ
̫ƽģΪ̫ƽСԼǰĺҲסʹסһһ㣬̫ƽҲһ㡣
ȻİպӾѾȸסһˡҪǺǻСסڶҲ󷽱㣬Ͼˣ̫ƽҲѾޡסָָ̫ҲˣԾס游ȸҲӦ
̫ƽ˵ӽסһӣȸȻҲǴӦˣ̫ƽȸԽԽ̫ƽˡ
ûʲôɡǾϧʶĸо
ʺáӾİ
úǣǿ̫ƽ˵þòǻˣǵ游ĸĺܺá
ǵģᵽ˵ĸоӾ˵ʺǽ㣬Ҳᵽ˵ĸоġ
ҲǺԸġİҲ˵
ѾˣԺҪ̫ԽǶ顢䣬һĽǡ̫ƽ¶ݶЦµһзǳҸ
ȻСǿ
ӶǳϲСİдʫ͸С
飬СҲµįˣϺҶæġУһϣǰһؽ̣ǽĻʺ̫ƽ˵ţ˵ţȻ˹ȥ


827 Ѫ

ȥ̫ƽֻİպӾǰӣڣ̫ƽиŮ
뵽̫ƽǣͻĵЦˡ
ʱﴫ˹ѲϢ
˹ԴӼ޸࣬ͣ˺ܶ࣬ÿҲ
ʮ¶ˣûºӡ
Ѿߣ̫ƽ
̫ƽչȥ˹Ѿˡ
˹Ѫ̫࣬ѾˣǺӻ̥ʸѶĺȡ̫ƽ˵
˵ʺ󡣳ʲô㣬˵ôô
ɴҩѾ׼ˣ̫ƽʼ
̫ƽԼʹֵ˹ʸҰ˹ѾˡҪˣֻҪȡӾͿˣҪٹ˼ĸ尲ȫǺܼ򵥵ġ
ܿ죬̫ƽʹӰ˹ȡһŮ
౧ŮӤ˵ʺҶԲ˹ҵ׻Ǻܺõġ
ӱǺΣյ£ֲ㡣ô˵ɣ˹ѾˣҪӷĺÿһ㣬Ѻȱ߰ɡ̫ƽ˵
԰˹̫ƽûģҪǰ˹֮ǰˡ
ǣһΪӶȥĸˣ̫ƽǺͬĵģϣ˹ߵһ㡣
ú̫ƽ˳
Ȼ󣬶űʹ˹ɥ¡
Ԫ˵عˣڴľӣܶ˶ҪࡣΪ˲󻼡֮ǰ̫ڣ̫󱣻ֻ࣬ܿԼˡ
̫ƽ˵һֱؼûκθ˴ص顣ӦƴعˣŻعͶϣ
ԭҲΪģֻǿϧǲģΪھ˵ڱ߹أǰغ˴ˡͼҪūһԿԪָ˵
عѵкܶ𣿡̫ƽһ
Ҳ֪˭˵ģЩԳعˡԴǲŻҪɱ࣬Ծ󻼡˵Ҳ޵֪ѣҲǾԲ˺ģϾҲûԴõ顣Ԫ̾˿˵
ǻϿȥ߹أ˵Щغˣʱ򣬻ϸʹ͸աıɳˡ̫ƽԲɱ࣬ࡣ
һعȥ˵ع˰֣ȷһѽ޿࣬һûأ
ϣԲˡԸ˸񵣱̫ƽɫ
˺ˣҲ࣬㲻Ҫ˵ôԴ׵ġԪס̫ƽ֣ڻӣҪ̫ˡʲô£޻ġ
ϡ̫ƽ۾飬л㣬Ҳʲô㶼֧ңҸİպӾӣ̫ѧϰǻһĴҲ顣
ԪЦҲϲӣúýǣԺ󳤴ˣΪͦõΪʲôҪأ޵ĻʹڻûзأʹҲģҼ㲻ͦõ𣿡
̫ƽЦϿɲҪ³檹¶˻ȥҽϰæɶء
ôʲôôѧͽأȥԪЦ
˵ޣҲ֣˵ȥҽϣ˻ûлҲ֪æʲôдҲء̫ƽ̾˿˵ǣȥҽݣŵģΣյġ
ǿ̫ˡ޺һҽģںܶôãʲôأ˭ֻΣأԪΪȻЦ
ԭҲ롣Ϊߵ̫ˣҵЩġϣһȥ̽һ£޾ȥˣòã̫ƽ̾˿˵ϧӣȻԼȥҡмҽݣһ᷽һЩ
С¶ѣȥ㲻õˡԪЦ
ԪҽƸĸҪʵơΪ͹Ӳ㣬ټϴ󳼵ķԣʱѹˣԪҲæúܡ
߹ݱӺʤһ֡
ԪȴЩӮҲ̫Щ˵ūбһعˣҲǲٵӮҲӦӮӺǽڽڱʤ
̫ƽڼ䣬ī˲ң̫ƽðߵġ뿪ʹڵӡ
̫ƽЦ˱ôãǺļĻˣΪҵġ
ʺū澲ԸˡЩͷҲЩӣһˣūҲǸϲ֮ˣʺū߰ɡ


828 ֶ

̫ƽīִҪ뿪;ʹ׼ࡣ
˭֪īôҪʹͣڶʹҴ빬ˡ
̫ƽ˴ɨīסķ䣬ŷˣī㴲£Բѵޡ
ʱԪɳȥҲϢ˵޸ûг
ԭī޲ˡ
̫ƽ˶ÿʱʱҡѹҲ䲻īʲô
ޣʧˡ
̫ƽüëʼдҩӵ޲飬һ˴֮̽ǰī١ī㣬ʲô
죬ԪСĵزѡ
񰡡ԪһСֿһ̫ƽӼֱһģһ
ϣ̫ƽȻЩ촽ףۿҲЩݡ
ϸȡְɡ̫ƽЦ
ţ룬Ԫԥ£ͽĽϪɡ¹ĽϪˮ
̫֡ƽĵͷĽϪԼҲϲֵġ
ĽϪҪŶԺ˯ãһƯŮĽϪ̫ƽڴ˵
ã̫ƽĽϪԺɹ̫
̫˺ĽϪ۾̫ƽʼնĽϪ̫
ⱳΪΪĽϪ󱳶ɹɹ̫Ǻкôġ
ʱһֻ֪ɹպͣĽϪǰ
ĽϪƺҲ˺۾һֱźֻΪ̫СĽϪ˵壬ҲκεķӦ
ĽϪǲǾúƯأ̫ƽɲܣĽϪǷöƽĽϪ˵һĽϪ
ĽϪһ㷴ӦûУ̫ƽҲУĽϪ֮ǰ̫ƽǲָоģĽϪ̫ƽͻȻ֮䶮˺ܶࡣ
ĽϪĳɳ̫ƽ˺ܶ࣬ǰȫûеĶ
ι̫֮࣬ƽҪչĽϪ˯ߡ
ĽϪ֮ǰ̫ƽǲһ˾ȻԱ߳Ա˯
ĽϪ䶯̫ƽȻ
ҲõĶ
ĽϪͶķԽԽС̫ƽȥš
һֱȵĽϪͲٶˡǿַ΢
ԣú˯ɡ̫ƽ֪ĽϪǳ˯˯˳ԡ
ֻĽϪȥ˯֮ǰ̫ƽĽϪĺ󱳡
Ȼ̫ƽൽһ˯
̫ƽΪ˷ֹĽϪ̡ĽϪ֮ǰ̫ƽרо˺ܶչӤ֪ʶ
۶Է˭̫ƽܹĵ̡
̫ƽԣĽϪչ˺Ҫǻ۵ġ
ӻ᲻̫ˣ޿ٶмѾ߹㡣Ԫ̫ƽΧĽϪתЩʵ
ãһԼС̫ƽԥؾܾԪĽ顣
̫ƽԣչĽϪһ¡һڵ
ĽϪһÿһʱÿһ̣̫ƽޱȵҸ
ĽϪһ쳤ĽϪ۾ԽԽҲԽԽڡ
̫ƽãõһŵ
̫ƽûʦԼĽϪһֽϡ
ʦܳ
ɵ㡣ֻҪĽϪͿˡ̫ƽûʯԷ
ǻʦȴԽԽţһ룬ͻȻ̫ƽġ
δǳ޷ĽϪϸֳʺˡ
°ɣҡ̫ƽ˰֡
ת̫ƽĽϪСطڴϡ
ȻùŮʦĶҲõ˴ǰ̫ƽҪԸĽϪһ
һ̫ƽĽϪӻֽϣ
ôﻭĲɡ̫ƽ߸ߵľٹĽϪͷ
ĽϪͻȻɴ۾Ż
ĽϪθںܴʱʱľҪһ̣ΪĽϪӡԪⰲ˼衣
ֻ̫ƽԼιĽϪ̫ƽԣʵһ
ÿĽϪһӣ̫ƽҸޱȡ
ƽĽϪ󲿷ʱ仹˯ģ̫ƽʱҲĽϪһ˯ʱ̫ƽһԿЩֹ
Ϊ˺ĽϪġ̫ƽѧһЩСߡ
С鲼һ򣬻һż
ĽϪѹ̫֮ƽĽϪһ档
ĽϪȻС̫ƽ£۾ѾԽˮӣСżͣƶ
¸£¸¡ڣصĽϪЦ
ĽϪɰӣ̫ƽ޲ðõĶĽϪ
ƽ̫ƽҲرһЩõĲƥĽϪ·
ңһԾü·
㿴ϲϲǸ·̫ƽһɫ·ĽϪϱȻһ¡
ǸĽϪ·õĶϵȵ˿ǳ˳
ôɣ̫ƽɵЦΪģ´ʲôʱ򲼵ʱٸ㻻ȥ
£̫ƽհ·ŵһԣŵﴫһζ


829 

ԭĽϪʺˡ
Сӣô봩·̫ƽЦã͹ŮһĽϪ򲼡
ϴɾ̫֮ƽ·˳
ϰɡ̫ƽһ˵һСİĽϪ
ΪθںáĽϪһȦһȦ⣬ȸǴֵҪֲֻűס
ۡƯĽϪ·̫֮ƽ˷ܵ˵
ĽϪƺҲ⣬
ĽϪҲкöҪ͸㡣ӾİҲܳáⲻֹĽϪˡ
ΣӾ͵һȹӣİһС
̫ƽѻȹӸСϣССϴ
ÿ澫¡̫ƽ⣬Ҳ
İպϲĽϪתӾϲĽϪ磬ĽϪѾ
ĽϪЦˡЦúܿġϲ硣
졣ˬ
㿴˯㰡ؿڻһ·ġǲʲôأӾЩ˷ܵ˵ġ
㣬ҪĽϪ˯ǰţһĽϪѹ̫ƽɻ᲻˵ءİѹüͷ塣
ӾİնûмôСĺӡ̫ƽӾİսйĽϪʱӾİնԵú˷ܡ
տʼʱӾϲĽϪرĽϪԲĹĵȥеԡ
Ӿǰöģʱ򣬻ĽϪĽѾӣĽϪЦͣ
İձȽ϶һЩӾӾҶ
ĽϪҳòãŵİЦź˸衣
ĽϪǱȽ̫ƽڵʱĽϪ׿ޡ
ΪкӣӾİնĽϪĿȫûоܾİ취
ĽϪʱӾϵܿȻغйŮ衣
İʱκԭز֪롣
˼νӴ֮ĽϪӾİҲϤ
ĽϪɡӾһֱĽϪǳɰü뱧ΪĽϪһֱŷԶûбɡĽϪûôˡӾԾԾԵİſ
ĽϪø籧ɡ̫ƽЦšĽϪӡȻĽϪӾС
˿ܻеŶ
Ӿŵȫֱˡ
һǳĹŶһıĽϪ
ЩܱأվһԵİգЩȥӾļ
ҪңҪҡӾҵĽţ˫ȴһֱıĽϪ
ĽϪͻȻ
ߣȥ䡣ӾЩ⣬ĽϪ׼ߡ
İȻûбĽϪȴŵؽ˫ֶӾϡӾಽ
ⴺⰻȻﻨ㡣
峺Ϫˮּ
㿴˶氡Ժ󳤴Ҫ档ӾͷսĽϪЦ˵
ĽϪƺһЩһԴ۾ɵԲ
ʱİ˱īԺʯϡ
续ɡлĶԺǿһ𻭻İ˵ĽϪ֡
ҪĽϪĽϪ˿ҪѧġӾĽİյָ򿪡ְѻĽϪ§§
ֻһӾЩͷˡ
أΪ̫ۣĽϪ
һӾİ˶סˡ
ʺĽϪˣĽϪԹİմؽš
ôĽϪ̫ƽ΢Ц˹ȥĽϪԼĻ
ĽϪͲˣֻСӡ
Ӿİվվԡ
ôһ̫ƽĻĽϪϾͰˣһǳ顣
ȻйһʧܵĽѵİպӾȻϰݣԼõĶĽϪ
ĽϪѹʱӾĽϪֱȻȻȥСʼĽϪ
İվͼĽϪʱ򻹻ĽϪȥ档
ĽϪȻСżҲָͷȥմմϡ
İշǳ⡣
̫ƽǲĽϪȥӴЩ̫ƽĽϪĳɳǷḻʵİӾİնӾİĽϪһ𳤴ĽϪǷǳкôġ
ֻ̫ƽҲǿ󣬱ϾĽϪԣֽĳɳҪġ
ԴӺĽϪһ֮ӾİյԸҲû˺ܶࡣ
ÿκĽϪһӾİնЦϣɫƺҲһЩ
ںӾİճԷʱҲҪĽϪһԡ
ȻĽϪܳԷӾ̫ƽԵӣĽϪʱҲᶯֵġ
ԷӾ˵
ĽϪ̫СԳԷġİֹˡ
ĽϪûþ˯ˡ
̫ƽЦСӶ˰ɣԷɡ


830 ޴ı

̫ƽɳȥҵī㣬ֻǿϧǣҵȴīʬ塣
̫ƽī㴹ᣬ˭ɱī㣿ī㣬Ϊ˷ľٶ⾿ôأ
Ԫˣ§̫ƽ˵ī㣬Ȼ˭ļϸһֱǱߣãīķ֣û˺㣬Ҳû˺ޡֻǰŪˡīѡ뿪ΪīܹӴ뿪磬û뵽Ǳɱˡ
ϵ˼ǣīǱָʹɱģ̫ƽһ
ǵġǻ˭أֻǿϧһץסī㣬ʳǸָʹˣڣǾͿΪī㱨ˡԪϧ˵
ϣī㣬īȻҪǸˡǸ˾ͱضǶīжģī㲻Υŵɱī㣬īҲеġ̫ƽ˽һˣ˽飬Ҳ͸˺ܶ飬ϧȴûܱסߵ˵
īҲһŮӣ޻īġԪο̫ƽ
ϧϣҵŮûա̫ƽ̾˿˵
Ҳ˵޲ܱˣ֪̫ƽһҸغޣͷϡԪЦ
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̫ƽޣһҩһҩȥڻָ˼䡣
ޣ˵ī͵һҩīȥʲôأ̫ƽһ
īʲôûиҡī㼸ؿƿģūҲ֪īʲô޿˵ʺˡū澰²ûֹī㣬ԼǱˡ
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޿˵ʺī᲻Ϊ˰ң
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̫ƽ̾˿˵ȻǶҽģһžųīҵƴ
Ȼ̫ƽ̾˿صԼ
īԭҵˣô˾Ҫʲô
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ĵĴǾ˵Ͷˡ
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ˣȴ֤عڴšƻǳǿ
ԪӺѹסūҲ˳Ҫعնɱ
ֻǣ̫ƽ֪ǣԶѾƻãīɱûõĶҩܰ
ֻҪ˵Ԫһ̫ƽĿɳ𣬵ʱӵʵָۡңԪͻˡԶ־Ц
ܰ˵̫ܣƾҵôùԪأ
ȻֹѾعˡЦڣǾ͵ţԪ̫ƽԼ
ܰ˵ˡⱲӣ£һӾǱûг·ȥ£һ˵ܲһ·
˵öԡ֮ôҸ빲ҧ˵
£ǧ򲻿Ԫ֪Զϣͺͳˡ
ңԶܲˣȻѳѹ˲ݵϡ
ԭԶȻϲ磬ɱϾ˫ŲзˣڴϡҲܸԶ֡
Ǹ˵ģԶߵѾ߶ˣԶ١
ԶͱˣΪ˺Զ£ʱԶ档
Զȵ֫ʹˡ
ⲻձңͱԶס·
ҲΪܰһ࣬įԶһŪ
˾ɲһһ
סԶӴͷţԶѳҧ˸顣
˵Ķô緢ˡ
ȻʹָԶԼ
ɻֹԶͳһȡ
ܰ̫ƽд˷š
˵̫ƽڹȥϣܰܰҪ飬Ҫ̫ƽ
̫ƽԪ˭֪ԪΪ̫ۣ鷿˯ˡ
̫ƽС·ԪˣʹӦܰһҹּ档
ܰϵļѾ̫ƽˡ


831 

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ܰЦʲôȺȱɣҲȱ裬㲻趼ԸӴɣ
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ܰ豭ʵҩѾĨܰϣŴҩ˲豭Եϣˣˮûжġǣ豭Եж
ܰЦȺˣҲȰɡ
̫ƽ£Ҳûע⵽ܰĹơⱭˣ˵ʲô𣿡
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ĺɣȥð̫ƽ˵
ĺɾˡ
ܰȻһץס̫ƽ°ͣͿ˵̫ƽ֪֪㲻ΪȣҪˡ
˵Щʲô㾹Ҷ񣿡̫ƽƿܰȴȻԼ֣Ҳ
ܰһЦ׾ٵرס̫ƽ⿪
㡭̫ƽˣſҡ
Ҳſ㣬𣿡ܰŵ̫ƽζҲ鲻Խ̫ƽ죬ҧס̫ƽ׵ļͷ
ʱ̫ƽŻһȼˣԼ·ȫѵƴš
̫ܰƽڲݵϣ⿪·
µ¹£ܰˮ㳤ֲԪֻ谮һˡҵԪһʲôʧȥ˵ʹࡣ
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һ
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̫ƽԺУҲܰҩѾȫʼˡ
ܰû뵽̫ƽƴزš
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ܰԪˣæĺɣѹ̫ƽϡ
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ա
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̫ƽûȫǡ
ܡĺɣʲô
ĺɿ˵ܰˡȻһ顣
ǻȵǻϣ̫ƽˣԭ£ҲԭˣΪԼԭԼ
ʺ⵽ģ顣ͲҲûа취˵ףҲǸܺߡ侲һģֻڣŭģѾңųնˡĺɿ˵
ԭңҲǸˣǻģԼԼұ޹ģģֻԶ򸾡Ҳûôݶ¡̫ƽ·Ҳ˲óԣ鷿ҵԪ
Զ򸾣ûұ޹ģųն̫ѪȣջسϲҪΪ檵ԵʣԼʾˡ̫ƽ˵
Ԫ˵ϣ
̫ƽӿ죬ԪԽǳĬԽ
ԭޣֻΪ顣ԪЦ޻Ϊʲô


832 

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һԪЦ£ɻǵãĽϪҲ˱ˡĽϪô죿
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̫ƽ⻰ԲˣϣԪԿ͹۵ؿ£Ҫ˼޹
ңûһ޹ġ߰ɣ޲뿴㣬СӣѻʺߡԪͷȥ۾ˡ
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̫ƽˡ
Ҫϳ̫ƽ˵ΪҪӪҽݣԪ̫ƽһֱǿɳġ
̳ϣҵĳǣһնˣʣһЩСĺӣɷ˵ǿԲģΪɷ涨δ꣬㷸ҲǿԲն׵ġ
ԪǳնݳֻҪҵˣǸճӤҲҪնס̫ƽʱ򣬹ҪЩС֣̫ƽһš
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Сǵǽˣҵʬ廹ûеõõİá
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ܰͳʬ壬ΪԪ̫Ĺڻꡣ
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԰Ԫ̫ƽʱԪһ̫ƽϣ¼ǿˣԭһֱô㲻ֻϲһˣ㻹ϲܰǲǣܰһǲǺܰˣ㻹Ҫúõ
̫ƽʹԪǿһİˡ
̫ƽ֪ˣ֮⹵֣Ҳû취ƽˣΪ£̫ƽҲ֪ǶԲԪġ
ԲǶԲ𣬲ĵǸû취ֲģΪ˺˺
ȥ̫ƽչСĻ䣬֪ô죿ΪѾС̫ƽһֻ֮ܰԼĻʹԪĮ
áд󳼽ûŮˣϣԪܹѡ㣬ԪȴԸ⡣
Ԫ˵߹ػȶڻ̸˵ʱ򣬾ͷϳѡƶȡ
ȻˣΪѡƶȴӹžУԪҪϳƶȣǸѽԪ˵һҲû취
̫ƽ˵Ԫϳѡƶȣ֪ԪԼи飬
죬Ԫ˾ƣʶй̫ƽû񣬾ͱԪѹ˵ϡ
ϣﲻ㣬ǹŮ̫ƽĻû˵꣬ͱԪһ⡣
㣬ܰڲݵ϶ģ޾Ͳ𣿡Ԫ˺̫ƽ·̫ƽ
˵Ԫڰ̫ƽ˵ǿп֡
Ԫҧ̫ƽ
̫ƽ۾ԪԸ̫ƽ̫ƽѾ޺ˣԲԪĴ³
˭֪ԪŪˣȻһߵĹŮСģСĵ·˺
̫ƽһСҲסˡ
ԪСѹڵϣһס
Сĺ٣ʶرסԪ
Ԫ̫ƽĿϬ촽ȴСĵ塣
̫ƽˣǹҿģ𣿻Ѿˣ


833 ʹ

㲻˵Ԫ̫ƽǰռСġ
Ȼ·ȥ
Сæ£ʺū澲ǹģǻϱū澵ģūҲ֪ôȻϻ
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óСҲϲԪġ
ȥɣһ˾һ̫ƽʵ
Сսսسȥˡ
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ĺⶼˣȴް취
ˡ
Сˣ̫ƽܼǼҩչˡ
ֻС̫ƽðοˡ
ǣԪȻҲˣŵؿСֱ̫ƽҩιȥСЦԪŵ΢ˡ
ԪתҪߣ̫ƽ˵ϣ㱧С𣿡
ԪͷСĿᣬɵ߻ص̫ƽʱԪգϤϣڴ
ڴԪ޷ܵġ
ˡԪ˵꣬ˡ
̫ƽ
ĺܹ˵ʱ嵭һеģǻ֪ίġ
̫ƽҡҡͷԭˡ
ǣҲ˶Բʺ¡˵һһһ˫𣿿ǻȴС£ĺʵ
ǻϰ̫ƽ̾˿˵ĺɣ֪㴦Ϊ˵ΣǱȷġȻ˾͵óеֻϡϣҲҪֻϡ
ĺɿ
ˡСˣȥ׼һЩҹ԰ɡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ĺɸҪͨ𣿼ǵкһӲҹˣԭôϲҹˡ
ôأһҪ¸ҵվչŮѽ̫ƽ˵˲ɣĺɻͦ˽̫ƽġ
飬ԸϣǣʧҲԴݻϣ
Ԫ̫ƽҲ̫ƽΨһָ
ػһ̫ƽԭǲҪģԪһһڻ̫ƽģ߽̫ƽģռ̫ƽģԪȴ˵ҪˣһΪ̫ƽʧ̫ƽôܲʹأ
ֻǿϧӻʹҲûлͷ·
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Ӷ̫ܰ࣬ƽϣЦֶˡ
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ˣԪ˵
̫ƽͷȻղţͰ͵ԪĿ⣬飬ôԪӶˡˣ̫ƽ򶨣СĻˡ
˭Ԫһ
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죬ԪΪ̫ƽ㱧һ̫ƽѾߣºˡ
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㵹ǻΪ밡ԪЦ޴㹬Ů͵޵Ĵǲǣ㻹ͻݵĻʺǲǻҪмأ治Ӧ÷ϳѡƶѽ
̫ƽ̧ͷѾˣϣԲϲңԺңҲҲң㲻ҪҺòãҵȷǴΪ룬ΪϵĹ룬ģؿɼ
øؿɼؿɼաܰڲݵϣʲô°ɣˣ޻ĿأԪˣ£»һΣģҲɿƲסԼȥ룬ÿϡҹĻ٣޷˯ֻҪһ۾ͻϵĳ
Խʹ࣬ԪԽӣǣʲô鶼ɵӵõԪһƿʧ֮ˮе飬̫ƽİ
̫ƽʵϣСĶĺ޹ġʴΪء
޲ҪܣҪͳȥŮˣԲԣԪˣ޹
̫ƽˡ
Ϊʲô̫ƽʲôԪ˱أ
ˣǳǣѹֵظͷ
̫ƽţ֪ȥδӡ
ҹˣĺĴѰ̫ƽ
ҵʱ̫ƽѾΪ̫ѹڵء


834 Ҹ

ʵ̫ˡֻū֪ҲǱߡĺɷ̫ƽ˴ϣ޸ͣ
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һҪǿŲᱻϿˡĺսȭͷ˵ͺū澣Դӻк󡭡
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ĺɹ˵ﲻҪū澣ūһǿҲһǿ
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á̫ƽ̾˿˵
ӣ̫ƽԪúùԼӣչС
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ɫǳÿ̫ҽ褺㵣ĵ˵
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һֱǹɫ㡣ȽæûˣĸгһЩ۱Լ԰ķķ۱褺óһϻʳУ򿪣ķ۱ʮġ
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ǰĸӱǳá褺ҲӦһ䡣
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ʵܽչһϲҪϾҪնˡ褺˵ˡ
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õܵܣǸŮһҸġ̫ƽЦˣջóԵҩš֮ǰ˵Ϊ˼ʶƶѪˡ
褺ЦվǸµѾͷӲ˵Լ̫ˡʵҲ⣬ƫҪʣںˡһô࣬￴ˣȴˡ
ղ£Ͷ㡣ԺǳΪޣҲҪ໥֣ѡ̫ƽ褺ļ˵ǸĶӣպ󣬳оҲ㣬Ҫǿ
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ںܶ˿ҩĲָ࣬Ūôֲڣ̫ƽһȤÿҩĳɹƳʱ̫ƽһĪĳɾ͸С
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Ϊ˷Я߻ĥɷĩЯҪõʱֱӵԾͿԡ
Щˣϲˮպ߷ԡһЩϲݾơ
ԻѪߵĹЧҩþߵĻѪЧ
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ͬʱЩҩģԭ͸İ׾Ʊ˵ɫ
ϴɾ֮ȥɹɫܳһԽʾԽһζ
̫ƽϲýҩ
Чʮȫ棬ͲͬĲҩϳɲͬķӡȽⶾóġ
һжҩģûоϸƣǲҩġ
ȴá
кǿֹʹã͸ǲݣݵȻһ
̫ƽѸҩͿţƤϡ
ţƤȼõģġ
ҩҲȻϺõġ
ΪøҩܹճţƤϡ̫ƽڸҩһЩҩġ
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ҩ֮ǰ̫ƽϲҵƤȥ
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ҢСƤˣô׵
ǲǺأ


835 ؿɼ

¶Ƥģ
ҢЦôڮ٣֮ҶԻʺͻϵؿɼ
ЦǰǰȻؿɼҳϲڡ褺˵ʺ岻ãҲûôˣҲ֪ʲô¡
ǷޣΪ̫ҲûʱϹ̫æˣûʲôֵġҢæ̫ƽ˵
ǻϸʺ֮ǰǶмӣ罺ģںȻͱòˡ˻ѽ˵˻ʺһֱǼǿģ˿ĲõĵطֱŤˣҲ˵ǿջЦܿʲôأպȷ˵
ûûӰ£ȴ˵ȷҪ˵ˣñ˴ŴţٵıˡҢɲϣ̫ƽۣ˻ʺһҶжģĲ˵ҵ˫žǻʺҽκãߵġ
û˵ʺĻֻǹĻʺͽˣ˵ˣⲻǶ˵˵ڼͷ˵ͷҶ˭˵ˣˡ
ǸûĺӡҢҡҡͷҸϸƷ
ÿҧһڣƺԽȥĶ̫ƽĺˮζ
Ң¶Ҹ΢ЦֻԼ֪
̫ƽæһˣæµ
κǼӲǽϴɾĵηŽ졣
ȻٰҪгһСλһСƬ
⵳;ҲʮֵĹ㷺
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ΪЧȽƽβκ˲͡
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ΪԪգȻԪûиߴҡΪԪף̫ƽǵġ
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̫ƽܹԪͺãֻϣԪܹĿһ㣬Ԫ֪ϣһԶǵա
㡣˺̫ƽţӣԼˮҪˡ
鷿ȻԪһ첲۾˯ˣ
̫ƽ֪Ԫۣʵ̫ˣԪܶ¶Ʊعס
ҲѹԪ˭̫ƽԪأ͸ԪġԪԸ̫ƽæҲпԭġ
ǣ̫ƽˣ̫ƽ̵̻߹ȥԪ̺ӡ
ԪȻ˹̫ƽʶľϲ
ǣתۼ䣬Ԫ͵תͷȥĮ
ʲô˪̫ƽķ顣
̫ƽ˶ǿջЦ˵ϣ죬ա
ûաԪش̫ƽĻ
ǻϣôûأ̫ƽûûεЦš
Ԫվߡ
ֻǹʳġǻϵգôҲҪԵӪġԣϲθ𣿡̫ƽҩŷϣ򿪣ʱһζ˳
ԪҲŵˣԪûп̫ƽ˵ɡڲԡ
ãǳˣϼǵóԾˡ̫ƽ̾˿ˡ
̫ƽǺܵԪԣⶣСӣһҪԪȥ
ԪԵġǣΪ̫ƽСӰҩŵˣιԡҲֻԣ
СӼˣϣǻʺģǲԣضǳġȳԼڣʣµūųꡣūҲ֪ǸݵĻϡ˵ˣЩҩĶҩģˣʵǹֿϧģϴǸϲ˷ѵĻϣԲԣ
Сӿ˵һ£ԪȻĳˡ
Ϊζʵ̫ˣԪȻ˴룬ԵԪ˼ˡΪղԪ˵ˣҪԵģڳԵȴԼ
ǣԪͰҩƿ˵ѳԣ޲Ҫˡ
СסЦ˵ǡǶߵſڣԼȥ
ζ̫óˣСӷⱲûгԹóԵʳˡﲻɵö̫ƽӾˡ
Сȥ̫ƽ̫ƽܸˣԪڿʼ͵Ķˡ
˵Ԫ̫ƽи顣
һҪġ
̫ƽµȣԪܡ
ֻҪʼ֣ͻãȫ
ǣ̫ƽã˼óԵģİպӾԡ
պ󣬳͢Ҫм䣬Ҫۺһͬϯ
Ԫû취ֻСӹ̫ƽҪ׼


836 ۺͬ

֪ˣһǵԡ¡̫ƽ˼ˣԪԭģ̫ƽԤС
Ϊ氮»
̫ƽ˺ܶҩģȻԼúõϴһ裬ϴʱҲܿģͣغŸ衣
ֻǡˮеȣ̫ƽϴ󣬺Ȼе
̫ƽ֡ͦõģôϴܶˣ
ǣ̫ƽԼԼȻǴһû뵽ˡ
ϸһڣԪġ
̫ƽһϲСûã̫ƽû뵽ôͻԪĶ̥
һ־ֶԪ᲻أϾ̫ƽո顣
ԪŵĻô̫ƽ϶ֻ̥Ԫ̫ƽӲ
̫ƽķ޸飬Ҫ
ˣ̫ƽʱ
Ҫȥˣ̫ƽʱ룬Ⱥú˯һ
ڶ죬̫ƽؾ·Ԫ̫ƽͷȻ˾Ϳʼˡ
Ϊǵۺһ죬̫ƽԪͬһ
տʼʱΡ
ԪͷתһߡɿųӣҲԸ⿴̫ƽ
̫ƽҲϲƤɵˣȻԪԸ̫ƽ˵̫ƽҲͱųĬ
˲Ը˵ȴǲ˵Ӷæˡ
е·ȻȻһ̫ƽʶĳһбȥײԪĻԪҲʶֱס̫ƽ̫ƽˤȥ
һ˲䣬ٴμףһ˲䣬ٴ§һһ˲䣬٣¸оһ¡
̫ƽ̧ͷԪĿԡ̫ƽԪ¿һԼ
һ̡ԪȻҲûƿ̫ƽתˣʵԪ̫ܰܰƽְֻԪ˵̫ʹˡ
ϣ㻹ǲǣҪʲôſԭأ̫ƽˡ
޲ֵΪκ顣Ԫ˵
˵ǱʶʲôܵõϵԭµĶԲԣ̫ƽˡ
Ԫԥһͷ˵ǡ
ȻˣǻΪλѳ檱ô̫ƽš
ԪĮı£һŶ̫ƽİ
Ԫϴһ㣬ſ̫ƽ˵ֻǲˤӡ
ϻǹĳ檵ĶԲԣ̫ƽؽе
ûСѾˡ˵ްǹȥǸ̫ƽ㡣ԪȻ˵˲̵Ļ
̫ƽЦ˵öԣҺֻ࣬ǡұΪ㲻ġ˭֪ԭġ
ԪͷԲޣԶԲޡԶԭ㡣
̫ƽû˵
ʽʼˡ
޴ͭϱߵɽͷϡƵ㡣뷨ǳĴһ˵ֱô֡
ͭ࣬ʵ졣ɽ·һֱһֱ쵽ɽ¡
̫࿴˿̫Ȼ󹧾ضԪ˵ϣʱѵ
ãʼɡԪĻ˻֡½ߵ˼ƽ̨ǰ档
ʱ죬ķ
ܵľҲҵҡ
ųСÿһŽɫסŴꪡ
һȺʿĴӵ¡Ԫ̫ƽǰƽ̨
˴μ죬ԪҪ̩񰲣˳
ǰյʿҪ׼һͷ
ͷ棬һκ
ͷıϣһЩʱˮ
ǰһʿĶԪ˵
̫ƽûжǾվԭء
顣̫ƽǲ̫ʺϵǵġ
Ԫñƽ̨
ܵĿƮɢŨŨζ
ΪʱˡվĻҽˮϡ
ϣдĵ顣ʿһɫĲݸԪ
Ԫӹ֮˫ֽٹͷ
Ը͸Ը°հԸ̩񰲡Ԫ֮ǰ׼ݣһһףл
һԵ̫ԪĽ࣬㣬л
һߣʿһľдʡ
ʱշһȺѻ
ɱͷʿֵĺ
ڳҲŽ
յʿĽͣѻ谭˵Ķ飬ͨʽС
һķ£ĵʿ١
̫æɱͷʱ̫ƽĿһ˹ġ
ԭǺ͵ʿͬıʿľָյʱҪͬʱӣ׼õѻŷɳȥ
Ǹʲô̫ƽָ֡
ʱ˵Ŀⶼת֡
ֻһӰֻѾûӡ


837 ɽׯ

̫ƽ֪Ԫܿμʽ
˲뵱ȥҴʿƭ֡
ֻǾ̫ƽʾ˶Ѿ֪ѻǵʿŪġ
ԪȻǰļƻмʽѾûиղǰˡ
ʽ̫֮ƽǰסԪ
ˡ
ΪգҲ㲻ʲôԪ˵
ʽѳɣ̫Ԫ̫ƽعС
ɽ·᫣ɽɽѡ
׼õĻ̌Ԫ̫ƽСشɽ
һ·Ϸޣ̫ƽȴ͡
ζ繬аȫԪ뿪Ѿжʱ䡣Ӧٻصвźá
ʿ֪ƻѾ¶ϳּҪ½Լ
صС̫ƽҽԪһγ׵
̫ƽԼҲϸĵ壬˲ٰ̥ҩ
һһعȥ̫ƽĶҲ΢΢ϸĵ˶Կ̫ƽǻˡ
̫ƽҲ£ʲôԵġûʳ
죬ԪС̫ƽ۵ڵأѾǷ˽䡣
Ԫ¿ʼ̫ƽ
ʱԪ֪̫ƽѾС
ԪΪ̫ƽٳֺ£ҪԪĮڲ͹ȣֲסŵµġ
Ԫ̫ҽȥúõظ̫ƽ
˭֪̫ҽȴ͸¶ˣ̫ƽ϶̥ϢһϲԪ
Ĺϲǲʱˡ
ʱԪŭȥ
˶ԪŭӺ
ʺﻳ϶̥Ϊʵ۵ĲӦø
ԺԪͲټ̫ƽڣԪ칬ɽׯΪģȫȫض㿪̫ƽ
̫ƽ֪ܿԪı֣ҲµˣԪȻԼܰĺˡ
Ԫ˵̫ƽѾҲꡣ
ԣ̫ƽʲôԪṆ̀ûٰˡ
̫ƽΪԪսݣӾİˣǳż
ǾҪȥԪҪٶ̫ƽôĮˡ
˲֪ԪĮǣ̫ƽǣȴ֪ܲ
ǡ鷿İպӾ֣μԪ˵ʺﲡˣǻͳɼ˼֡廹ϵˣϸʺ⸱ҩ
⻰Ӿ˵ġ
ԪЦڲŲϧʺĲҵġ
ĲʲôģȷʵҩԸԸȥʺҩأİս˵뵱жҲǻʺ˻Ͻҩ
˼ҪһһԪվɫ쳣ǶǺӡǿѵζ
İһϱȻˣʺԻϳһƬԲܱѻϡ
ԪЦ޸ʺ󾿾ʲô£Լȥʻʺ֪ˡСӣͿ͡
ӾˡϣʺһλɣܻʺʲôѵĿ´ղ˵ˣʺڻĿĺӡ
Ԫʹˣǵģǲ޵ĺӡ
·ϡ
Ӿ˵ûоûϺ֣˵Ļ˲¸֪ͣ˼
İ̾˿˵ôʺ϶ûģҪ˵ǻ̫ˡ
ûҲΪֵܵһ¡
ôأϲԸȥʺʺһֱĽѽ⡣İ̾˿˵ŻʺսݣǺۡ
˭۰ҲۡȻϲۻʺȥοοʺ˵ɡûʺ֪ϣֵڹء
áİյͷ
ʱ̫ƽѾ˵ԪҪǨɽׯ¡
һҪܿңΪҪܿҡ̫ƽ棬ƺһУΪʲôôҲ治ȣˣʵҪߵӦңôҲֲԪ
̫ƽƺͨˣҲ¶ʲôģʱ˽
İնµ˵ʺԸĵ㳢ɣ˺ܶۡ
ǰʺ㶼ԣݵġӾЦһ۵ġ
á̫ƽʵǶǺúӣϳԡ
̫ƽһ߳ԣһ룬ĽϪգ̫ƽʹź뿪ʹ
ȻԪѾ̫ƽˣ̫ƽҲͽȻ߰ɣ˵ˣ֮ûమԺҲһĥ
ܿ죬ĽϪһվҪˡ
ԪıɽׯҲѾϣĽϪգͰᵽɽׯȥס
Ժ˺ܶࡣ
ɽϵʯͷҲϴһ⻬
½½ĴǰԪףء


838 ȥѾ

ССܿͶ˷䡣
ϲϡÿ˫ҾԪףص
ллԪЦǿһԾưɡ
ﲻĴǣ˷Ϲ
ǿͽӣͣ˻ʹ
˶һ£ҫ۵ģĽϪ
ĽϪһ忪£
ںڶһȦɫİߡ滹ýŸ֡ǰһ󴮽ϽҲǹ˽ӡ
ЩѾǧѡɾ֮ܶġ
̫ƽ졣һüëֱϸ̣ƺṴˡǳɫ£һȸ
Ϊ˸ĽϪף̫ƽ׼һľϯ
Ϊ׼Щȡ̫ƽǰȥԤѸļѼȫˡշļҲûС
ôҿԪ˵
Ҫż϶ôҿġ̫ƽЦ
̫ƽĽϪ׼˺ܶߣ뿴ĽϪϲʲô
һԵļҲȤվ
ȥðɡ̫ƽĽϪƤɡ
ĽϪһ黩м䡣
ĽϪܡŸֶмгȡ鱾ӡ¡
ֻĽϪм䡣һԵ鱾Ȼַ£Ǹӡ¡
ЦȨ֮ѽϲӡ¡
̫ƽЦǹˣСѣص档
ĽϪƽԪĽϪؿš
кܶҰӡ
Ϊڸвãû˳ԡö඼ڵˡ
̫ƽ˽ЩҰӶ
ȻûʲôãǿԵҩĵġ
ϣҪȥɽׯסˣ㲻뿴ĽϪ𣿡̫ƽžʵ
Ԫ˵չ˵ĽϪġ
ǻϣӱչ鲻ǰ취ѽ̫ƽˣԪĺ󱳡
ΪԪֻ̫ƽ󱳡
ԪЦûӱܣ½޶ˡ
ˮ̫ƽĶˡһЩϣûˡ
ϣ˾ͺá̫ƽ˲˵
ԪߺĽϪ˯ˡ
һô̫ƽѵɫһſŵİ˳
еζ
ʵʺ׳ͣҲױԵ
̫ƽչ޽װҪõʱó
ǿͨġ
濾֮󡣿Իֹʹ
Ƹ˵Tۡ
ū澰ɣ̫ˡŵ߹Ȱ
̫ƽҡҡͷպˡеæʱɣҲʲô
޴󾪣˵ʲôʲôҪˣҪȥأ
̫ƽЦ֮ĸȥĵط
ǣʺʹļңΪʲôҪأū澱ΪڿЦǿ˵һ㲻ߵġСôأ˵ôֱ
̫ƽɫСȻҲǸһ뿪
ʺǧҪ嶯֪ôء޹ǲūˡʺһҪ뿪أ
ûϵֻǲûΪѣҸûʹһסңϲڵĲʺңСˣʹǸĶǵĵطҿ϶İСһҲžСһߵġ̫ƽ͵
ǣ㲻Ҫٻ𣿡޿ˡ
ҲҪٻҵŮԺһúġ̫ƽᶨ˵
ôҲϵ𣿲ԸϵôūأҲҪϵ޿޵úһ
ޡҲһߵģ֪ôҽݡоôգҪúҽΣ㲻ߣøΡһĺһߣΪĺҲˣڹŮжҪȥģԣѾҾͲˡ̫ƽ̾˿˵
̫ƽҲ˸еġǣ̫ƽòߡ
㲻Ҫߺòáū澻ģҲġʵ
ޣҪǿлǻټģ˵ԺΪǰҽʥڻϡ֪ȻҵģҲӱɽׯҶԲôҾͻһƬɡ̫ƽüﶼǿƺ쳾
ȥԪ˵̫ƽȥһû˵ĵطӣǣ̫ƽףŵʵ֣ɲˡ
ԪҲҲʵŵˡô̫ƽźɰɡ
ʺ㲻Ҫô˵òãʺū澣ʲôʱߣץס̫ƽ˵ͺ̫ƽϾҪˡ
Ҳܸ㣬ԲϣҲҪҸĻ߱ˣȥѾˡ̫ƽ޵ͷЦú


839 Ұ

ա
ɵݶϡƺû˯Ѿ۾һȺϷɹ
һֱͩҶѵ涼סˡɫߵɫҶѹһء
̫ƽһٵ£ڴһԴĺᡣɫȹֱ£պøס棬ֻ¶һɫĲЬ
Ԫ죬Ǩ˱ɽׯȥˣֻÿ糯һ¡
ɽׯͻʹŵģҲԶܱԪ֮ǰ޹ԶвĵطԪҪߡɼԪжô̫ƽ
ڣԪ̫ƽͬԸ⡣
̫ƽܣɲ˵ʲô
ˡĺɱС߹
̫ƽһĺɵĶҲˡ
̫ƽ˱ĽϪ˵ĺɣʰ𣿡
ĺɵͷ۾ˣĲ𣿡
ѵ𣿡̫ƽЦ
ȻûУȥūҲȥĺɼᶨ˵
ⲻˣ̫ƽɵ˵˳ºӣͿԱ𣿡
ĺ̾˿˵ū澵ǲԼūƤ۵ģ˸ǲϰߣֲ赭ӣ˵ˣĿ࣬ūҲۡ
̫ƽЦĺɣֲ赭ӣɣסڽ˿ȸһźúܶ࣬˵ˣб³ȥҲûԣĺˡ
˵ţҢˡ
ңҢú֣ԴӳΪʺ̫֮ƽᵥˡΡ
ǵģˡΣһҪæ̫ƽҢӽĵط
ʲôѣ˵һˡҢˣȶκõġ
㻹ǵþͺãһжˣô࣬ôڱﱾĺ뿪ʹϾϣɰ̫ƽ̽Ŀ⣬Ңϡ
֮ѡҢæҪΪҢة࣬Ңڻº
ңҢƷã֪̫ƽܣҲôģ߱ˡ
ҢǴһɵ̫ƽ̫ƽѾ˵ʱҢѡ֧֣ұʾ⡣
ʺﲻڣҲȥôΣյ¡Ңᶨ˵ûһ˿ԥ
лл㡣һ̡̫ƽڸоҢĺá
Ҳһ˵ĺãҪһ˵Уܸоõ
Ң̫ƽˣ÷Ͱ˳ȥ
úԼϡҢˡ
İպӾ˽ʺǲҪˣ
̫ƽһô֪
Ӿ˵ǲµġ
ʺҪߣߣҪڻʹֻġİ˵˵˵žȻˡ
ͬҲԼĹ⣬̫ƽôأ̫ƽ˵ãҴһߡ
˿
̫ƽȻ˵ΪҪߵ̫ࡣǶһȥױ֣ڻʹɵģҳ֮Լȥ
õġӺĴӦˣھͻȥʰ
ǵãһҪ͵һ㣬ӡҪǿ߲ͻضȥϣǶ᲻ǵġ̫ƽʵ̫ƽҲ᲻뿪ӵģãߵһߣһ˿ǣҡ
ϣ̫ƽ򵥵ʰֻ˺ܶӣΪ̫ƽ֪ӾͲʲô򲻵
СƺԤϵʲôһֱڿޡ
̫ƽ֪ĽϪ뿪һĻʹǡĽϪӲ뿪ĸס
˵ڶϣ̫ƽСҢȻĺˣͰȻͰѾۻࡣ
ǳѬ졣
̫ƽҢ˵ٺˣдŸٰС̫ƽ
Сһ̫࣬ƽСô죬͸ŵ롣
Ңչˣ̫ƽġ˵ˣҢڻûףСҢϣԼˣ©
Ͱͳ˻ʹ⣬Ң̫ƽĺ˳۾ˣʺ𣿽죬ǿԻȥġˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷЦҲڡ
ЩӣúáҢ̾˿
Ѿ˲ӡ̫ƽܾˡ
ӣȻǣơҢӲǰӽĺɣǰֻ
ˡǲһֱߣסջˣ㡣̫ƽ
⣬ûôأҢˡ
иףҲ̫Σˡĺɽ͵


840 Ұ

Ʋܵ͸ŵɫԼлһǡ
Ң˵Ȼˣôء˰ȫطһҪǵøдš
Ңؿ̫ƽ
ʱ̫ƽһʵ£һ׻ɫ¡°һˮȹǳء
ԵĻҢ̫ƽһߡ
ɼȻ̫ƽϲɡȻǲϣκ˸ġ
̫ƽһЦİɣҲͷһΣ߽ˡС鷳չˡ
һʲôһСԼŮһҢ˵ţ˵ţȻˡ
İŮˣʱҪˣҢȻûа취ס
ʹ˱ڡ̫ƽ˻֡תˡ
ҢһֱţɲҸ̫졣ֱ̫ƽĺɣҢֹ˲
Ң̲סؼұĽϪ
ڶ졣
ڿջ˯һϸ̫ƽĺɾҰ⡣
̫ƽƫƧ壬·ӹӡ
ٿҽݣı
Ұ⣬Ǳؾ֮·
Сĵ㡣ĺɷס̫ƽ
̫ƽЦϣͻȥ
ĺͷū澸ˡ
Ұ⣬һήɾڽɵĵײһЩ׻ɫľϦ͸һصĹ⡣
һֻϲȵߴߴڽУβͲסض¡Դƺʲô
һȺѼˮϡͷĸѼҪܶࡣһȺƵСѼȻʮֻȴȻѵһ
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ĺȴǳ˵ʲôأ˰죬ûп̡ˣǿôأ
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̫ƽ˵ΪкˮѼӡѼӵĵط˼ҡԣǲ࿴
ĺɶ̫ƽͶأ⣬ҪҰ֪ʶء
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Ұ紵ĴӲݴ̫ƽĺɱ˴˲·
ʵû·̫ƽĺҪ֦ϵ̽·һǰߡ
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ū澶ͻȻЩʹĺͻȻס̫ƽ֡ϵıסˡ
ôˣû𣿡̫ƽͣ˽Ų˫ַסĺɡ
û¡ĺɽҧǡͷϣ亹
Բ𣬿ҺȻˡ̫ƽˡ
ҪڡܸȥﶼԡĺɳЦˣǿЦˡ
Ȼĺɶͷϣĺ
ū澺ϾҪˡĺɺĸойɶŵض
̫ƽͷһֻһѪ죬˳ĺɵĴ¶Ⱦˡ
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ΪкܶҶ»ǱȽġ
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ֻ񡣸ĻҪĺԼ
⺢ӳµĻǸȾ
ͺҡȥЩҩ̫ƽǵĿǵãҪʺһ
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Ϫˮ򵥵ϴ̫֮ƽֲҩĥࡣ
ЩȽⶾҩġǴҪĺɷ˿ڵġ
һ̫ƽǰ⣬ҪβܰӤ
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ΪҶ˵ɾһ㣬ˮϴ֮󣬻ϿԿǸɾˡ
ֻĺǳڵѾûˣ̫ƽʱҪģҪŸĺЩʳ
ҲҩĹУ̫ƽҲ⣬ŪһЩҰҰȻ˵࣬ʱԣܱûҪǿöࡣ
ôаɡ̫ƽеĶ˻ΪߣеĶ
ֻ̫ƽҲѾǴӣһ£ͻȻöһƺ̫Ҳų
ūû£ū澿Լĺɷ̫ƽϱı仯ϻֹ̫ƽ
һ̫ƽΪԼ̥̥ʲôΣյĻĺⱲӶǲԭԼġ


841 

İɣзִ硣̫ƽ΢ЦסĺɣúɺãҪ˵ˣһҪ
ĺɸжصͷȻȫɵƽ˵ϡ
е΢硣
ҪĻ治֪δˡ
̫ƽĺɰ֮ȷ̥
¡ҪľǰĺɰѺ˳ĳ
ڣͷİɡ̫ƽϥ¹סĺɵ֡
ƶ̫ƽԱȽġ
ȸңѺ̫ƽһ˵һ߻
⺢ӵĳʮֿġһûˣӺܾܿͻϢڡ
صĻͻһʬ
ںܿ졣ĺɵĺ͸̫ƽĽࡣ
ڹ۲ĺɺͬʱ̫ƽҲʱ̹עӵ״̬
ǵһȴٳٲʲô
Ӳżϳνܻһ־ս
ȳԵ㶫ɣӡ˵̫ƽ׼õʳŵĺɵߡ
ллĺɴûܹĴۿˡ
ȻһЩܼ򵥵ʳĺɶԣЩǾġ
̫ƽʱҲͣϢһŷԼĶȻӰʹ
Ĳ֢״̫ƽԼƺҲϾҪ
ҰֱҪ̫ơ
Ϊȶĺɵ̫ƽûбֳκεĿ־塣
Ϣһ֮ĺɾöĺϾҪˡ
ˣϳˡĺЩ£ס̫ƽ֣Բ𣬸鷳ˡ
ɣڣҪġ̫ƽ΢Цĺɵ
ʱ̫ƽҲٵĽ׼ȫʱӭĵ
ԣҪľǱůȻûиɾ٣̫ƽú֦ܶҶһѡ
Լڡһһ
ʹĺ̲סĴ
Ҫż书ãӣȻҲڻ¡̫ƽץסĺɵ֣ʱҪơ
ӵһɣ̶ȵļӿ캢ӳٶȡ
Ϊ̫ƽԣĺʼնǳƽҲĺܵλ
ܰѾͷˣ̫ƽĵظĺɹŬһѣϾͺˡ
šĺĵͷһνҧأþһ˿
ءأһĿ޺ӳˡ
ĺɵ¶ϲõЦݡ
Ǹк㿴̫ƽǿϵʹѺӱĺɵߣ㻹ͦġ
ллллĸӵĺҪ̫ƽͷ
㲻Ҫúš̫ƽסˣӲɾʹٸ
ǺȻ䣬̫ƽɫס
һҺӴȸ
ĺɷ֮ʧɫѵҲҪˣ
û¡ɺáԼԽ̫ƽҲ͵
Ϊ֪ԼѾԤ
̫ƽɺ֮󣬱㽫ǰ׼õҶʱ׼и
ĺҪȥæ
ָճ͵¡ûж
ʱ̫ƽֻܹԼ
ơ
̫ƽĿһСĺŽӱŵ̫ƽǰõ
ȻСĹ̫ƽӡ
ūɡĺΪֱſ̫ƽߡ
û£ԼԵġ̫ƽ˵
Ȼʹң̫ƽȫ̼ûô
Ϊ˱̫ƽÿʹΪ
ڣ̫ƽҲһк
̫ˣ̫ллˡĺɼĿ
ܿޣʱ޻۾Ϲġ̫ƽæֹĺɡ
̫ƽ֮һͬŽ֮ǰõ
̫ƽζû뵽ԼĺӾȻ³ġ
ΣӽǾõ
ʹ̫ƽʼҹ
Ϣ֮ĺҲѾվˡ
°ɣӦúúϢĺȥס̫ƽ
Ѫ̫ࡣӱɲ̫ƽЦ
ΪӸճҪǱů
̫ƽĺһ𣬼˺ܶܿ죬ʱů˺ܶࡣ
ΪҰ⣬ҹ֮Աˡ
һûûĵطԵú䡣
ϰߡҪӡֻĺɺ̫ƽòӡ
ΪԷһ̫ƽĺɾѡһС·ȿҵ˼Ҳص㡣
΢΢Ұⰾһҹ֮ĺɺ̫ƽˡ
շһƬ񣬳̫ƽҪȥķȥ
Ϊĺӣӻס̫ƽĺһ˺ᱧһӡ


842 ʱ

ųصƶ
紵̫ƽӣۡ
Ϊ·ˣԭͷĶҲûˡ
̫ƽĺֻܼ򵥵ı֯һññ©ġ
Ӧϸܷģڼ紵ˣǺӲġ
Ϊ˾ܵؼٻĿܡ̫ƽȫĺҲ̫ƽһֻ¶һ
һʱİ֮󣬲Զɽ£ڷ˼ҵϢ
ΪѾûкúϢˣ̫ƽĺɵĸѾ١òܺõϢֱӰ캢ӵĿ
ã𣿡ĺǰһľš
ã߳һ
ɫĳ£ͷţ
ΪطƫƧѾܾûˡ
˭ģĴ̫ƽĺɡ
ǴԶû뵽·ϳˡΪӻСҲϢһʱ䣬֪Ƿ񷽱㣿̫ƽ˵
һ̫ƽ
ֿ˿˻ﱧŵĺӡ
ɡŴ򿪣̫ƽĺ쵽ڡ
ֻһЩ򵥵ļҾߡ̫ƽһȦǶӵġ
ҲûʲôԼҵطסɡ˵꣬תȥ˺ݡ
Ȼ򵥣ȽڻҰ¶޽⣬ѾǷǳõˡ
ĺæŰ̫ƽһô̡ڿϵĴڰǸ
ʱ˯
Ҳڴ˯ɡ̫ƽסĺɵ֡
˴ĺ׼ڵϴ̣Ȼ̫ƽϵܺãĺɻǺԼݡ
ҲҪӵˣԼôί̫ƽĺɵ˫ۣ˵
ĺɻʲô̫ƽܼİĺ˴ϡ
ȻⴲǺܴ󡣵ŮӶѾ㹻ˡ
ЯǺܶ࣬ûã̫ƽĺ˱һж׵ˡ
ʱŻشӺ˳
ҿǶӦöˣȹԵ㶫ɡɫ̷¡Ȼ˳룬
̫ƽѾüûгԵĶˣ߽һ
ң˵
ʱ̫ƽһů
ԣ⵰ƽ᲻óġ
лл̫鷳ˡĺҲ˹
ֻ̫ƽסĺɡ
硣һжǸտʼ̫ƽҪѧᱣԼ顣һũ帾ǲ̫ġ
Ҷ䲻̫ãʲôǴңԼŪüͷ˵
õģлл̫ƽĵͷ
ʱŵĵطҲȽ̫ƽǾԶһЩ顣
Ͼһסɲһġ
ĺɿ̫ƽ˼İ顣
ΪˣĺɻǺְܳġ
أءͻȻ䣬ӿˡĸֲ嵽˭Ķӡ
̫ƽȥ庢ˣĺЩ򵥵ļͬʱĺҲҪʼ׼һٵĳԵġ
ʲô˳𣿡ĺһʵ
УͦԶ·Ҫʱ˵
ΪԵĲ࣬Ѿдûȥ˳ˡƽԵģԼҺԺֵĺֳġ
̫ƽΪѣѾûʲôĶˡ
ǵҲһģȥǿ϶Ҫġ
ֻĺɺ̫ƽ̫жѸߣҲ㳣ȥ
̫ƽԥʱ̫ƽ˵Ҫȥ㶫ûʲôҪҰæġ
̫ðɡ̫ƽЩԥԼ߲ôԶ·
Ҫȥһ˵ģû¡Ц
Ǿ鷳ˡī㽫Ҫ嵥ӣȫҲûϵллˡ
̫ƽڴϢİοǺһ˯
̫ƽûԼͺӻһ
Ȼûרҵ顣ҲĹɣҹҲûôѹ̫ƽҲҪҹȥ庢ӡ
ĺɰҪʱǻ𴲡
̫ƽͰĵڴϡ
С㣬ϸ˿ɿһߣòΪϳȥٰɡĺɻɵ˵
ᣬֲͨοҲδ֪뿪ء̫ƽЦ
ĺȻչӡ
̫ƽ˵ҵĺӱԼι̰ɡ⼸ǽг飬˶Сӵֿаģܴ
ǡĺǺ̫ƽһͬι顣
źӳԵ㣬̫ƽο
Լʱˣ󻹸һСӡ
ĺɸ嵥еĶҲ˻
̫ˣû뵽ЩСĺɿĵĽж˹
ðɡСӺЦ


843 ɽ԰

һ򵥵죬ĺ֪Сϵģһòæ
лл̫лˡĺû̫ƽ档Ӻ̫ƽҲ˯㡣
ԺҪĻٰܷͻġĺǵĵʵ
ѽСӺˬĴӦġ
ţõġԤ֧һǮ㡣Ժ鷳˵꣬ĺɵݸСһԪء
СӶʱһ㶣ôһԪǴûмġ
ҪʲôأҪÿ춼ͻ𣿡СӺʵ
ԵĻõˡĺԭСӸһλ
ҪЩʵʳ̫ƽΪ̫ƽӣӤҪҲǷǳҪġ
Ϊ໨Ǯ֤̫ƽʳҲʮֵá
СЩԥԪǵͷӦˣСӶԣ⹻Լ룬ܰװ׷
ڣ̫ƽѾѹˣĺɺСӵĶԻ
ȻĺûоԼͬ⡣̫ƽĺɵʮֵ֧ġ
ǮͲʲô⡣
Сһ۾ɵġ̫ƽһ
֪ĸ֮仯̫ƽ޲ðõĶùӡ
Ȼ̫ƽҲĺɶɣΪչ˺̫ƽĺҲǲİ鶼ίиġ
ÿҪԵĺɶԳ
ÿζæĺɱˮƽͲ˺ܶࡣ
ڹô꣬ĺɵĳձȾ˶Ҫá
Ҳסĳĺɵĳա
ÿΡĺɶܶóԵĸ̫ƽȴ̫ƽͺܶΡ
ҳԲôණһͿˣƽʱҪɣ㺢ӡ̫ƽԭǿѾ߹æչӣĺɼͬ⡣
Ϊū澣ĺɲԼٵôˡ˵ˣ˸࣬ù֪ǵ١
̫ƽûΪĺɣ˯һ̫ƽҲһͬʡ
˳˯ڴһˣǿɰ
ԭĺиԼĺ׼·ģ̫ƽһھܾˣͬͬһͬ档
̫ƽͬһҲѵõġ
û졣ͻСˡ
ĺɺڴĴ˹ȥ
аɣ
취ŪˡСЩ˵ôʲôŪ
ͲҪ֪ˡĺɽ֮󽻸̫ƽ
Щ̫ƽõġ
̫ƽÿӶͿɲͬɫ
̫ƽ¡ӳɳҲܿ죬ԵĵķӣҲ̫ƽĺɻָúܺá
Ȼ֮ǰΪû˷磬ڱʩȽϵλ鷢֮˵ûʲô֢
ʵӶŮǷǳҪġ
µĲͨΣ̫ƽ֪еϵ˱ץסֵĻᡣúõĶһĺɸ̫ƽߣҲǷǳа
Щؼ棬˯߶ŮԵΪҪ
Ӹտʼʱ˯ûǱȽϺõġ˴£Ǹӿʼҹ޵Ϊ
ÿҹҶ˯㣬ӻͻȻĿ޽
̫ƽϱѣܿ죬һҲᱻѡ
ĺ庢ӣ庢ӵķҲܼ򵥣úӳ̡
Ȼһкܹã̫ƽʱϸ
⺢ҹԭǺܶ෽ġ
ʱˣʱ˻ʺˡһֿǱʲôҧ˵ȵȡ
ȷûʲôԭ̫ƽ§źӣĴźӵĺ󱳡
ĺӾֻᰲûþ˯ȥ
ӴǺġ̫ƽҪѹüΡ
ʱӸûг֣̫ƽҲͻȻѣȻӸǱӡ
ȻѸߣҲǳºӣ˳ְչ˺ӡ
һȻ򵥣ȴ̫ƽ
̫ƽкĸм
ȫİˡԾܾ
ǵԼӽݣԼ᲻óԵļҲó
ǹдķӣⷽȥץҩȣ϶ܺáĺɽһֽݸ
ҵģЩԾ̫ƽɴûи߿̦ô֪
úõûġĺЦ
̫ƽķӣĳһҩ
ڶ죬Ծ۾˺ܶ࣬·Ҳڻˡ
ϸ˿ļˣ۾Ѿģʮ˰
ллŮҽ˵á˵٢
ĺɶʱסˣȻ̫ƽŮ
Ҫת˵ʲôȷ̫ƽסˡ
ŹˣðſЩҲǷǳĿġ̫ƽһЦ


844 Ԫ֪

ǡ
Ԫ֪ˣ̫ƽ뿪ʹˡ
ʺﾹȻûڻʹˣСҲʧˣȷǼ£Ԫʹӱɽׯϻˡ
޲ã޲ã㣬㾹Ȼˣ޵ŮҲ𣿡Ԫſϡϣžžžžžž
СӼҴҵ߽ϣǶұˣûκλʺСĺۼˡ
ԪҪѪˣǣǿ˵褺
ԪǱһдϣϣ֪̫ƽǶˣ̫ƽĸŮˣԪҲԲǵģԪϣ֣̫ƽɶҲ˵˽ˣʧˣ˼ˡ
ܿ죬褺㶼ˡ
ʲôʺʧôģϣǶ֪鰡Ӽͬ
û뵽ϣˣԪվסˣҲ֪飬ɼ̫ƽߵж̫ƽǱŲκϵߵġޡޡ
ϣôᷢأϸʺǲǷʲôⰡ褺㶷ʵ
˵ЩѾ̫ˣǸ⣬ôҵʺ͹ɣԪ˿ͷ˵
񼱵ֱţʺҲǵġܷʲôҲܾŹһ֮ѽʲôҲûѵ֪ǴҶ𣿡
ףⲻֻܹʺʺϣΪرر飬ʺأ褺̾˿˵
Ԫʵ褺㣬˵Ķԣ˵Ķԡһж޲ãһж޲á
ȻѾˣͲҪѹˡɣǷͷȥҰɣҸ褺٣ȥĵطҡʺҲ뿪գһиźӣ̫Զġ˵
׼ˡԪͷǷżȥңҪżپͷż٣һҪҵ̫ƽ
ϣʹɭϣʺôСȥأûͬıأͬıߣҲͬı֪ʺ褺㲻褺㡣εڸ׸ͱȱ̡
Ԫͷ˵ĺҲͬʱʧˡǣĺɣӦǸ̫ƽһ뿪ģĺɲǸ̫ƽͬıˡ
Ļͬı߹Ȼܴ߻ʺ͹ټӸѾߣͨʲôķʽߵأ褺˳˼
Ԫ̾˿˵Ѿµ˶ȥˣǲ鲻
ǡǡ˵ǻεѽҲڻʹȥ磬Ҳ˵ӵкܴȨǳĻʺԸЭʺ顣褺ĻԪ
ǰˣȨܴܴ󣬶һ̫ƽѡԪƺѾ뵽ˣ˭ڰ̫ƽ뿪ʹ
褺㿴Ԫӣæ˵ǲ뵽˭ˣ
Ԫüë褺㣬㸸ȳȥҰɡ
Ԫʱ͸¶
ǡ褺ֻ˳ȥ
ԪһۣȴһҲȥ
СӣҢԪյһ˵
Ң鷿ﰲд֡СѾ˯ˡ
ΪչСסԼϣСҪϽ
ԪȻּ˵ҪҢ
ҢЩԾģϾȻôͻɵˡСҲǲزסˡУһҪ취СͳȥҴӦ̫ƽĳŵ
ǣҢҧͷѪ˵Լˣ̫û취ֻȻȥԪ˵ҢҪȲٹ
ò̫ƽʧˣҢ͵òˣôɺϵ飿Ԫŭ˵ϣȥҢʱ֮ǰһҪ
ǡ
ҢͣҢ֪Ԫˣڸղ̫ഫ˵ʱ֮ǰ
ôü׼һ£Сͳ⡣
СѾѹˣСҪҢ
ҢԸСιʳСࡣ
Сʳܺã˺ܶࡣ
ˣҢСԺһȦɫС¡
СƺҲѾϤҢζ§ҢĲӲţЦ
Ң˵֪ĽϪͳøһģһ㣬Ҿͺ񿴵һ
ĽϪЦˣƺڻӦʲô
ҢԼǣԽԽĽϪˡ
գҢһУĽϪ뿪
Ϊ˴ĽϪѰ̫ƽҢǲĵġ
£óһʱ䣬ҢᴦڱԪӵĽ׶Ρ
ҢɶĲ


845 İպӾ

ҢС˼ôӵԪƿأԪ֪ҢĽϪ뿪ԲŹ֣ʱƳٵʱ֮ǰʵҢС뿪Ԫ֣·ˡ
ҪȻҢլʵ˵ȥˡûκѱ˵ļңǻ˵ġ
Ȼڶ죬ԪҢĽϪ˳ſڡ
ʱҢװΪƽգĽϪҪþõ뿪ء
Ңɹ뿪ǡҪҵ̸ף
鷿
Ң޴㲻ΪʲôҪıޣ޵ŮԪСĽϪŭա
Ң̾˿˵ϣһУֻΪ˰ʺ
ҪΪʺ󣬾Ͳͻʺ뿪ʹʺ󻹴ŶӣУҪСȥС֦ҶƽⲻΪʺ룬뺦ǣҲ뺦ޣ塣Ԫ˵
Ңϣ֪ʺﵱʱжôʹжôǷ˵òس飿Ҳ֮ҲȰʺ󣬿ǻʺ˵ѾˣٴϵʺҪӴ뿪ӴʧʺŻϾһӻḧƽʹû׷µ
ԪȻˡȫԣ̫ƽҪкӣУǣ˼𣿼ȻˣΪʲô֪ľͼ䶼ˣ
Ңɫ˵ϣȻ֪ʺʲôǻϡʺһŶӵŮˣΪĸǿȴԺˣź뿪ɼʺǷǳǿ»ʺץػʹôأѾ˵ģҲԭ̫ƽˡ˼
ԪЦΪ뿪ޣ̫ƽȻԲԼУҲԺжѣ㲻ҪҪΪ뿪ޣΪʲôҪộ֪֪޵Ҳˣ
Ңʹĵ˵ϣʺ֪ĻϣҲôܾϡʺ֮ǲǷʲôأȻ飬Ը߳ҲԸΪϷһ¡
ԪˡҢûԪ޵ôġ
˺̫ƽ˵ʲôʲôأɳȥѰң̫ƽҲȻ㿪޵ġ޽ҵû̫ƽ𣿡Ԫʹ顣
СڻѽϻǺúչСɣʺҲСϢ֪СúܺãҲȻοһЩҢ̾˿˵
Ԫ۾һסС
ǣСȴĴ֣ƿԪȴҪҢ
ĽϪѵҲԭ񼫣ԼŮ˶¡Ԫˡ
̧ͷǺӣһƬá
ɺȻһƣǳס˹ʡ
Ƭƾ̫ƽ̫ƽǣԸޣԸѽԪԼ־ˡѪ˵ϡ
ϣϣҢæ߹ȥ̫ҽ̫ҽ
褺ڳſڷ֣ΪΪ·ҵ̫ƽĸʻһЩ
褺һ·Ѱң̫ƽûҵȴҵҪסջģİպӾ
ôǲǸ̫ƽһסʹ𣿿ǱȻ֪̫ƽ뿪ʹ顣褺һѾץסӣԼ
İյͷ˵ˡ
Ӿ߷߲ƽ˵ĶԻʺܺãʺ᲻ҪٻҲԼУҲҪ뿪ʹⲻǻʺĴҲǵĴǻϵĴ
褺̾˿˵˵ǶԵģǼȻ֪ʺӦøѽʺﻹŶӣĴһô죿
Ҫ֪Ҳҵˡİ̾˿˵ʺ˵뿪Ǻ뿪ٺãǡ
ǻʺиԼʲôصʱ䣿褺㻳ɵ˵
Ӿæ˵ûûУȻûС
褺ĿϬûİգ˵㣬˵ʵ
İյͷ˵ôǸԼõĵط˺üˣǻʺûйѻҲûɹš
ѻǻϵģʺûдһֻ褺̾˿˵ѻôأ
ӾˣǵȲʺˣѵҲҲ𣿻ʺȥأԽԽġ


846 ޿

褺㾯˵û˵𣿡
İյͷûС
ǻȥɡ褺̾˿˵ʺﲢǸܿ࣬ǹⲻǵġǻǻضȥɡ
ӾˣôأǱһʺһҹˣȴˣô죿
ǻضʺҪǣǣǴʺҲǰʺһûʳԹʳˣһ⡣ٵȥҲǺġ褺
ֻӻȥˣưˡ褺˼Ѱ̫ƽϾ褺֪̫ƽǳӡ
һƭأ褺ɶĲ
Ȼ褺ĻЧˡ
İȰӾǻǻȥɡʺǵġ
ӾǿǵñȽʵðɣǵĸûˣҲùˡ
褺ǰͻضٳȥѰ̫ƽ
ʱ߹ء
ӺͽʿҪҪûʱŷսȻҪ𹥣ҪǽɽӪѾƲٳǳˣȥǵǲƽӪ˵ɽӪ
ܰ쵽ôǾȫûûԶˡӺܸˣȥɡ
ŷͷתҪߡ
һ¡Ӻסˣŷļ򣬡ҪСġ
лӺŷŬӺü
ʿ䣬ֱǰŷֱͺһһӺĿ࿴
ӺŷҲЩ빲սʿ顣
ȻŷֹһθӺŷǱűĵġ
ǣʴȵӺǲϣŷսɳӺϣ
ŷȥ˺Ƿǳ˳ģū˽ڽڰˡ
ŷ֪ǣūѾع
ƻعˣٰʿͿ˼Ѫװڵϣŷȥ
֪ǼıŷȻȥˡ
֮С
ǰŷ뵽ܡ
ŷ˵ܣڿټˡ
ŷЦű۾
ӺҵŷʬʱŷЦЦŷˣһΪˣſԼܡŷˡŷⱲӣŮˡ
Ӻ˰ŷʬϺùײģ˻˾ȥ
Ԫ˵ŷˣҲŷΪˣǣʿǣŷ׷ŷΪӢҽ
ΪһֱҲ̫ƽԪȸɺһȲ衣
ϣʺĪǣʧ𣿡ȸǳż
ȸɺ֮ǰһֱȥӪȥˣԣԻʹȽϺ֪
Ҳ֪̫ƽʧˡ
Ԫû̫ƽʧٵϢңСҲѾһˣԡҲû˻ɣ̫ƽʧˡ
ʱȸεԪͷʹ˵ǡԣ޲ǹʣ̫ƽһˣǿɻأ̫ƽûҹǣ
ȸЦԭġϣʺܹҳϧûС
ɺˣϣʺףȴ뿪ʹжΣհһҪҵʺа
ȸ˵ɺ⻹Ҫ˵Ͽ϶Ѿˡ
ɺҡҡͷ˵ɴ࣬ȥѰҰɣ
Ԫ̾˿˵ոգūһ̣ĲȣҪڣȶġԣ޶ڣû취׼ٰ
ɺˣϰֲҪȥǰߣ˵ˣӪֻҪҸڣͿˡҪҵġһңһϣ
Ԫɫ褺ѾȥѰˡϢǻ˵ġ̫ƽҪǣȫһУȥ̫ƽ̫ƽҲ֡ԣ˶ٵ⣬ǣô̫ƽ⡣
ɺ̾˿˵ѵǾֻȣ
ȸɺļ˵ֻţʺǼࡣ
ôţ̫ƽҲǹӡɺ߹صļ£ЦǴҲϰ磬οһŮأ
ʱ棬˵Сһӡ
Ԫ̾˿˵СΪɡ
ɺЦѹֻʺҪ뿪˵ˣʲôһһһ˫ˣʺߵѾߣŹ
ԪЦǣһж޵Ĵ޿á


847 

ɺˣô˵أŻѾˡȸȵ
ɺ̾˿ףôأʺˣȴʲôҲھӪűȥңű˸Ϣ𣿡
Ϊ˴֣ҲֻˣšʺＪ¡ȸϣҲǳ
̫ƽȸͺ񿴵ԼŮһôûиأ
Ԫ˵ǶȻȥɡ
ǻϣ㵱ȻôôˡɺֱӣֱӱԼԪĲ
Ԫ˿ûҪɺ˼
ãϢҡ
ԴС̳еĲƲҲеȨ˹
أԪмΡ
ΪαװúãԪأûϳʵݡ
ԪΪ̴Ҽܶ
ϡҹھǰžԼݣǹЦԪҲ֪ɣҾְģԣְĻûءֻڻܹչʾԼݡֻܹ͵ػšǣôһḴġ
ûãְľ˵̫ƽ뿪ʹϢ
ΪϢʵ٣ְľȥҢˡ
ֻ̣ôĻʺأҢһҢҲǳü
̫ƽһϢûУ˭̫ƽأ
ҢһЩڡΪʲôҪ̫ƽ뿪ʹ
뿪˻ʹѣ̫ƽһиӦѾº˰ɣڻӶƽ𣿿ϧôⶼò̫ƽ˼һ
ʺ£˶Ӧùģ˵ˣʺǰǹѣҲĽ飬ڹ˽ѵҲӦù𣿡ְĵĿڲţôá
Ң̾˿˵ʺ£ȴܸ㡣
Ȼû˵ǴѾдˡĳԶʺȷѾʧˡְļˣҹûУΪʲô㾡ȫȥңʺһŮ䱼϶ΣյģǾͲΪʺѡ
ҢȻ˵Ķԣɶ˼ǲ˻ɣ飬ܵҲ̫˰ɣͻʺҲֻĽ顣
Ҫӱҵ⣬ϣԼȥҵĻңйػʺһЩ飬ȥҡְЦҢҪˣԻʺ˼϶֪
ʲô˼㾿˵ʲôҶԻʺû˼ʲôϵѵԻʺҲ˼Ңˡ
ְЦô˵Ŀˣ
Ңָſ˵ߺãҲˡ
ͣˣ첻һʺȥǲߵġְļᶨ˵ȥϸ״ϵʱ᲻ỳԻʺ˼
㡭㾿ôҢ̾˿˵ôоһˡ
ְŶ˭
ְġҢĿϬ
ȻǡЦҶ֪˵˭
Ң˵һʺĳˡ
ʺܽǵľ𣿡ְװ֪
ƺԻʺһжǳȤҢȥܱǸʲô㡣ΪʺﲢûиңҪȥ
ְ̯̯˵Ȼʲôʲ͵Ұˣǡ
ҢűӰĺְİǣְĲӦòְġ
ְĻȥ󣬾Ͱҵʱ¡Լװ˳š
ְҪȥ̫ƽȻ̫ƽ뿪ԪְõĻᣬһҪץסᡣ
ֻãã˺̫ƽȥأ
ְĲ֪ҲȷԼܲҵõ̫ƽ֪ȥҵĻⱲһġ
ʱȸȥԼӾİա
ΪȸӳھӪ츮ûˣԣȸãڶҲǿԵġϣ̫ƽļĸҲĶԴ̫ƽϲӡ
ȸϣˡ
콫ΪͣࡣЦСӡ
Ϊӵϣڶϣλܸߡ
ӺҲ褺㣬ڳ͢ίҪĹְ
Ѿˡ
ȻֻССɣӺ仹Сδпڡ
˶ȸɺ̤ȥӪ·


848 ҩ

塣
һʱĵ̫֮ƽĺɻѾָòˡ
ÿһ춼æǰæģ̫ƽ
ļûʲôʲ̫ƽŰһѡ
Ӻ̫ƽЩŽЩظѳ
ͨׯڣҲֻͨġ̫ƽ㿼ǽһЩҩֲ
ЩҩĿʳüļ۸
ҡҩһ飬̫ƽҲȽ϶
ѽ̫лˡ̫ƽĺͷæµĶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ﲻʲôæͰæŸĺɺ̫ƽ׼̶
̫ˣǹϢ°ɡͬʱ׼һЩ׸⡣
̫ƽû顣ĺɻЩǮ˸һЩæ
ΪطƫƧƽʱҲûʲô룬һ׬ǮĻҲǷǳ
ûãؾȫŪˡ
̫ƽǰӽЩ
ҪЩչ涨ֲ
̫ƽֲΪԼﳤסȥ
ǷҲҪϻ
̫ƽչ俴ҩĵĳƣ˰̫ƽżҲᱧźӹ
ĿǱȽµġ
õʱ̫ƽżᱧźӳ͸͸
ԭӲݴϳһƬƬ磬ǵ
֪̫ƽֵĶֵǮҩ֮󣬸ļͻȻ
̫ƽעʱ򣬻͵͵ȥμ
̫ƽȻ֪Щ顣ֻڴûзĴ̫ƽҲֻ۱ֻ۲ûкȥ׷Ρ
ĺҲźӳ䡣
ĺƽʱڹҰҲʮֵʣ͸ϢԴУĺɱźС߹䡣żֻܿ衣
㿴ƯĺһĽӻ˸
úҲſǧ硣
ҩĻǷǳġׯڲһǣҩĵʩʷǳ
ΪҩҪǺͨׯڲһġ
Ϊ˱֤ЩҩĶܹ̫ƽصȥռķϡ
кҪһַϾǻҽ
ҪЩľûվȻʣµĻҽһȵҩĵĸ
Сĵ㣬һ㣬һҪѻҽڸ̫ƽվԱߡֳָЩ
Щҽط𲻵ʩʵãᵼЩҩĳֿݰܵ
ЩҪҪأҲܻ㽫ԼռļѼķ͹
ƽʱЩҲǿٽ߲˳ġ
ˡЩҩĲҪַϵġ̫ƽЦ
ŶֹһЩɥתҪߡ
̫ƽı飬㼱æǰһס
ЩõģһƬ˶ԡҪ˵գ̫ƽһѽ˹ȥ
ŶǸϽùȥðɡԺҿÿ춼͵˲ֿ˻
̫ƽ֪ԣҪһҸȻǳ򵥣ȴһ졣
ʵһҪ壬Ϳˡ
Ϊȥ鿴̫ƽ˸ʱ㺢ӡ
̫ƽϤչ£ԽԽ֡Ϻ˵ģһ˫۾ˮģǳɰ
벻ȥ̫ƽźӡߵڡ
΢죬ȥ̺졣
ƺ̫ƽĻһ۾ġ
Ͼˡĺվ̫ƽԣ֪ЩҩǷӰ죿
ΪʩʣĺɻЩġ
֮֮Ҳȥֹͽһݷա̫ƽһЦ
ǡ
̫ƽı֮ǰӵĵ
ƺ¾ûʲôرҪ顣
Ȼһ磬ŴͰ
ˬ˿ϣ˾һ
ĺҲİͷ̽˳
̫ƽ˽٣أҪܵˡ
ڵáĺͻȻп
أҲڵͦõģ̫ƽ¶˵ľѡ
ԽԽ󣬺ܿģһС
ԶɽʧˣǰҲֻʣһ
̫ƽźӻصڣķڴϡ
֪䣬Ѿ˯ˡ
̫ƽʱĽӣ˵˯˯˼ʡ
⣬ĺѾݺһ衣Դӳ̫ƽÿ춼Ȼ衣
赭ζЩζϵĸ㣬ζҪ̫á
ĺɣҩĳô̫ƽʵ
ͦõģÿ춼ȥתһתջ˵Ҳȥĺɻص
ţҩҪú֣üǮúøл̫ƽ˵


849 

ãҴҲȥĺɵͷ
̫ƽĺһڲ裬Ȼ˼Ŀܡ
ⷿȻϾɣȫмҾ߶ʵľģá
ЩСҾ߸ãжʰ롣
̫ƽͻȻһͦˡ
һգ̫ƽԺȲ裬ԶԶ˹
ںȲ谡ȸ̫ƽк
һȱ谢̫ƽЦк
Ц
ǳлʱǵչˡ̫ƽϿҵؿ۾
ûʲôҲûʲô顣Цҡҡͷ¶Եβơ
ҿҲǲܳסġʱӭ˵ⷿĶһԭⲻķš
л̫ƽĵ˵ͷ
ʱദ̫֮ƽĹϵԽԽ硣
żҲ̫ƽļҳ̫ƽȻûȫʵʵ˵ܶණ̫ƽҲϵĺ
ҩģģԼչ˲øĴæ̫ƽ˵ҩճ֮󣬿Թ㼸ˡ
̫ƽԭֱӸЩǮַʽ
Ϊ˸ԭƽҲʵ
ƽżҲֲԭ߲ˡ
ȻѸߣ˿ꡣ
һգַæһ죬׼ʱ򣬺Ȼ´򻬣б˲ݴ
Ҫȴֵĸ첲۵̧ġ
ΪܲûбˣҲݴԻïʢ´Ӹ·Ҳǲ׷֡
үүǿ˵ʹһŲбϣǿԼ̫ƽһ۾ͷϵƣ㼱æ˹ȥ
ʲôˣôϴӣ̫ƽһ˵һϽ£ʼ塣
ϸһ̫ƽϵû̫ơֻҲĽͷŤˣһ顣
̫ƽϽ侮ˮʪ˳Ҫġ޶ȵĿˮס
鷳ˣڴϣһЦ˵
ԺͲҪȥֵˣɽɽҲ̫ΣաһԵĺȰ˵
û£ڴϺúϢɣɽϵķҵʱøĴæһ¡̫ƽ֡
ֻ֪æǰæ£Ѿϰ˹ȥ飬̲ġֻʱҹǺǣЩϾѾ˿ճɵʱûȥ˵Ҳ̫ϧˡ
ϣΪʹշת˯š
û˯̫ƽ꺢֮˳ƹһ
㳳ˡЩǸЦЦ
ûûУպӰŪѵġ̫ƽ˵Ÿְ˸
ҽʹ֤
̫ƽüͷ΢壬תȡ룬ʼơ
ļͷѾЩ̫ƽȡѨ壬sͼѨ
ǾѨЧҲԡ
̫ƽָİڶ򴦵ʹԻ;ࡣ
ҽ˲áп˵
̫ƽ֮ǰҲ˹һΣǷġŪ˺ܾöûȬ
ٸŪҩ󣬹ܺˡ̫ƽ˵
ԺУ˯ˡһֱ˯˵ڶ̫ʱ
Ĵ֪̫ƽб£һţ뿴̫ƽʲôµĹ
̫ƽЩѸɽҲ
ЩɽصֲһЩҩġ̫ƽĴ£Ҳԣ
˵̫ƽʱܻ뿪Ե÷ǳһ͹ļſڡ
ʲôҪģֻܸ˵ǿ϶á̫ƽͰסڴɣסĲϰߡǸӡ
ԶԣֻҪԸʲôԡ
ΪͷǺ޲ð̫ƽ
лλףܵõҵϲܳ侲㣬ʲôҲǰʹ˵ġ̫ƽĽ͵
ǸĴɲģ̫ƽͻȻƵġ
ֱ̫ƽźӻˣҲŽɢȥ
̫ƽ֪ЩҪ뿿Լ׬Ǯ׬Ǯķ̳ȥҿܾͲôķӦˡ
̫ƽӴѡ˼ڱȽϺõˣȻЩ˸ԼµѧϰĺҲ̫ƽһ䣬ֻĺɸչ̫ƽֹ̫ƽʲô⡣
˺ڷܣҲԸ̣ܿѧӦļܡ
ΪȷЩ˿̫ƽÿ˶һأЩԼȥʵ


850  ŧҺ

ͬʱΪ˹Щˣ̫ƽóʮӵ
ʮӿǹͨ˼ˡ
˶ʱ˷ˣ޲һ쵽˯
żƴӣ̫ƽİο
ֻҪЩ˿Գʦ̫ƽÿ˶ʮӡ
ż˽ˣ̫ƽҲиʱĥ
ݺһƬҰ«̫ƽһù¡
«Ǻ̫ܳƽҽпصļءݾ衷«ܳȣйʪɱ档Ϊɱ֮Ҫҩ
ϣ«ҩģƻ֢֢
̫ƽڴ«ʱ򣬷«кܶҺȥġԼй
ԭ̫ƽвסģʱˣ̫ƽźúо«ݺ«û᷿䣬̫ƽ«ֳ˺üݣ
Ϊһ«ڲͬƷ»ʲôı仯
̫ƽ˿¯
ҩĵһ־ǻ𿾣̿
Ӿֹ֮̿ѪĹЧ
̫ƽкõ«ŽʱͻȻһ󣬹«ը˳̫ƽֱ۸ըˣ̫ƽӦܿ죬Ͻ쵽ˮȥϴ
ΪǳḶ̫́ƽϻһӡӡ
̫ƽˡ
ʱ̫ƽ뵽ƣ˵ģǳõҩġ
ڸպԺơ̫ƽԽȡƬ֮˿ϡ
ƤӴƵһ̣ʱһϮƺƬһƵ֭͸Ƥ㣬̫ƽʹԼᡣ
̫ƽϵƵʱͻ뽫«ҲƬһԡ
Ϊҽϼ«Ƚⶾ
ƵĽܺƣ̫ƽ«ƵƹЧҲͬ
Ȼ«Ƭŵ˿ڳʱ˿Ҳһ
«͸ŵЧ
̫ƽǸ«ճ֭Һйϵ
Լһʱҡ̫ƽ«ƶȥʱԭȱ«ƤԵøӵ
̫ƽϲû뵽«ݵĹЧ
Ϊ˸һ֤«ݹЧ̫ƽĺҲȥһ¡
ΪҹӣĺɵƤԵЩֲڡ
̫ƽĽ飬ĺɷ«Ƭ֮СһᣬѹʱĺҲԾ쵽ϵƤ˺ܶࡣ
ⶫ治ĺɼĺ̫ƽ
šҲú̫ܲƽ˵ţóһɫƿӡ
ﶼ«֭ˮճҪܵʱֱӵͿԡ
ۣãĺǰһ̫ƽͶء
⡣ʱ«ֻôһСƿӣľͷܶˡ
˲˵ĺɿ϶ԼԸġ
ĺɽƿӴ򿪣̫ƽʾķﵹ˵㡣
ĺָ࣬Ķʱˡ
֭ˮôأĺɺʵ
ճ棬ĥķȡ֭ˮģǰ֭ˮûκҡ
Ȼռ̫ƽһһ䡣
ĺɼ̲סƣҲֻ̫ƽŻ˵ϸоҩ;
«֭ˮҲֻռġʺƤ
ȷҩĵʺ͹Ч̫ƽҲǵһʱ佫ɶ
һЩŮӵ֪Ϣ֮󣬷׷«֭ˮ̫ƽѾ׼һһƿˬķַȥ
ⶫôðһ̫ƽŮʵ
Ĩر˯ǰҪĨһĨ̫ƽЦĨ֮ǰһҪϴɾ
֪֪ŮӴЦ¶һŽ׵ݡ
˵棬̫ƽʾһʹá
պãҲԹãֻעⲻҪúͯõúͯ
ǸĵĽߡ
˵ⶫǲǻʲô;ĺһĨ«֭һߺʵ
Դ«֭֮ĺɵķɫỬ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ«֭ʳ̫ƽƽʱҲʹãĻẢʲôӰ졣
һ졣̫ƽں庢ˣʱһ
Ķһ֥һģ˺ܲ
ܲܰҿ˵һŮӣʹԼʮꡣ
Ϊ˵ı˿ŮӻԼһɴסԼ
ĺɽŮӴڣɴɡ
Ůԥһ£Żĳ
̫ƽ˿ûգۣƽĴսŮӵ
ŮϵĶĺǿֲһҧӡ
ϵĺɶЩֱӡ
̫ƽƬҶؽŮϵŧҺȻװһƿ
̫ƽҪǶŧҺз
Ȼҵʵķơ


851 ಻ı

ҹѾˣⷱǵ㣬̫ƽǰСؽѹӢ֭ˮŧҺһ
ӱߣ⻹мС̫ƽòͬҩ֭ҺŧҺġ
ǡ
·ϡɺƺԻ˶ˡ
ȸվéԱ˵ɺ𣿻ûô죿Ӫʱ䣬κ˶ܳٵҡ˧Ӳܳٵġ
ףȻˣ縸߰ɣɺʹ˵֪ΪʲôӺаһû죬òˡ١
ôأȥôģӶѣôҪüأȸú֡
Ҳ֪ǳ濪ʼġɺӻۡ
氡СҲԹҲûӣôƫƫ˾ӣȸ̾˿˵
ף߰ɣõҾ͹ȥɺ˵
ҲУΣҲٵˣԼСĵ㡣ȸ˼䣬ˡ
éɺ˰ų
ǣ߳ȴһķˡ
㡭ôˣɺһ
ԭˣǽ
ɺһ·棬Ϊľ׷㡣ΪʲôҪӱңŭ㻹ӵȥ
ɺŭˣΪʲôǸңҶ˵ˣҲϲ㡣ΪʲôǾݣ
㲻ϲңҿҵ۾˵㲻ϲ㲻ϲңΪʲôҵղˣƽɺ۾˵
ɺƿ˽񣬡ҴûмһŮƤôġˡǲµкҩҪȻôḹкôأҵܺãΪ˻ӵġ
ƻЦôкҩô
ɵŮˡɺƴȴȻһۣˡ
Ҳң˭һӳô棬Ϊֻһ档ͷݹȥֽ˵ȥǸƤɵġ
㡭ɺ񣬡ҷȰԶһ㣬ҪȻҾƵҵԭˡ
ŶʲôԭҪƵˣЦ
ҵԭǴŮˣٷңҾͿʼˣɺŭ
аǰҺˡ񷴶
ɺһνéޣڳʱȻڣôߣ
ҲˡӦȢҡЦ
ǲǷˣôȢأɺüë֪֪ж㡣
ɺؿ˵ҵģΪʲôȢأ
Ů˾檣ҶҪ߰ɡ
Ҳš
Ƥ̫ˡ㲻ҪˣùĿ˻Ϊ۸㡣ɺˡ
¡ҵͻ䱡ˡٺһЦؿɺ¿Ƶġ
ɺˡֱǴҲǣҲǣתˡҾ㲻ҪҪȥӪ
ҲȥӪ֮ȥҲȥǽˡ
ʱڱ߹أܾع˵󣬡ҲǵģΪҵǳ˾ȵġҲܷԸ
𣿾ǳعôԲأعȰʸǵġ
عȥǳ˾ҵ֪عˡǶǹȥˣΪʲôǻȥĶԹԹҪⳡ̲أѵǲ֪սܿ˭հͿ̿Ϊľǵ˽ֺοأ˵ˣѾ̫ƽʵԪһûʵۣ԰պܺãΪʲôһҪȥһ˵Σգ԰˵ûʲôôأȰͶɣԶ߸߷ɣգҲٱǵġȰ˵ˣǾǶù𣿾ūǳʵۺ񣬽ô࣬Ǹ۵ɣ֪𣿡
ع˺ܲˣαػûͳ磬Լ־أǾͲˣô˻򲻹ӺǡǸŷΪǵŬս𣿡
һŷˣֹӺŷ֪ʵģϣعǰװ
ô˵Ȼ㲻ԸֻһˡֻǿϧǸҲԸֻԸһҽ
һ˭
ͲҪ֪ˡعǰ
˼⣬ôҲ벻عνҽ˭


852 ߹ظ漱

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ôܰϣǿ˾򰡣ū߰ʿǶ֮ôܸԭʿᲢأǲš
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Ңվ˵Ƽȸ
ȸɺȥ˾Ӫ褺ȥѰ̫ƽȥˣˣĸ˶ڳϡ
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Ңϸ͵ǰĽʿڱ߹ؿУδԡѪսЩĳֻҪں󷽣Ӧӵľӣ˵ľ˰ԵǴŽһģǽʿǵúѽ
Ңة࣬ة඼˵ˣҲٲ˵ʲôһ߳˵Ըӡ
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ãǴӽտʼͿ԰ӽɻһһ㣬ȵʱӮˣ۹͡Ԫ˵ͷ˳
ȸܿյʥּʱɺյӪû죬һɺʤ
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ʰҪȥסɺ˵ʲôȻҡͲҪҡ
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㲻ҳϣҲҿҵ۾Ϊ㲻ӦðһŮӣĸϣȥȢһŮϲ˾ϲˣΪʲôأ˻ߵؽеҳӪܶҪҴȥĲϲңͲңǰҴˣ
챻ǴˣȻܼȡⲢҶ˼κһ˿Ҫ˴ˡҶȥȵģ㲻Ҫôḻòãɺǳ꣬ҽȥҪȥ߹ˣкҪ㲻Ҫˡ
Ҫȥ߹ԡˮսҾ͸һȥҲ书ģҿ϶ܰæġ˼ˣҴСڱ߹سҷǳ߹صĻ
ʵ̫ˣҲܴȥ߹صġɺ̾˿˵߲ߣ㲻ߵĻߡ
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ɺ㳤ˣ֪Т˳ĸˡһҪס߹صĶһҪٳԣԲ岻ĶҪԣ˶ѽ÷ݯе
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а㡣һࡣɺӾš
˾ˣҺĽ㣬ȥ߹档ӾЦΪѰһʺҾ͸ȥˡ
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㡭ȣɺҲֻܴӺ˳Ž񣬿ٴ·
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㡭ſɺ˦ǣ˼סɺȫȣǷǳġ
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ȸ̾˿˵ɺһβܵĸֻаҡǶԴõġ
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ȸЦãסҵĳŵ
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˽£ȸ͵͵ҵ˽񣬡ҶӵķϣʱߡҾ㣬˱߹أӦøҶӷֵΪǲһġ
СɺϲңҲϲΪʲôһ𣿡Ц
Ϊǲʡȸ˵ҹҲǸģֻǾ㡣Ҫɢǣһְ취Ȱ
ȸˣЦҲɺġ
ڵ˱߹أȸ֣Ӻʿū˰Χˡ


855 ̫ƽҵ

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ʱı仯ЩѾŧҺˣӣŧҺʮԵ
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̫ˣ̫ˣڿ԰ɴõˡŮӼһ§ס̫ƽ
Ȼ̫ƽһҽݡȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥȥʽ֮ǰ̫ƽԼҪĶͬʱҲӴ˼ѧͽѧͽ»
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ʱˣ̫ƽȥһˮ
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ˮǳҪҪһ
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ûˡȥúϢվͺˡ̫ƽע֮󣬱תæȥˡžһС̫ƽԽҶϵĺ񲼸ƿˡ
ʱ׶
ϲϲԸҽݣһߴЦ崺硣
ҽܿҵҲǵذյĸǻǮ붼鲻ġһп
ԺһҼҲúѧҽǸĹ°
̫ƽЦЦҶɣҸ׼˲ˮλҲι۲ιۡ˵̫֮ƽתݡ
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856 ҽԶ

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ҩ̫ƽƵģҩǾ¡ÿһӵı߶ͭƬѹƣԱ֤ҩƵʹҲΡ
λãһͭˡ
ͭʺһ˸ߣͭϲѨλ֡
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ҪԼԵġ̫ƽճһȭͷ


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ĽϪСҲҪȥץǲҶ
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ϵԲĿ飬ԲĹ¶ҲԲдŲȱ
ĽϪԪ˯ˡ
Ԫ̾˿˵ǿϧ̫ƽ


859 װ¼

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ҲôˣЦãþ͸Ԫһģһ
̫ƽˣ⺢ӾԪĹ⡣һҲˡ
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ĺʱҲȥϴ̽Ϣ֪СĽϪԪչ˵ĺܺãӾİڶҲܺá
ĺɻȥ̫ƽʱ̫ƽҲúο
ҲǸǶԵġ̫ƽ
Ȼ̫ƽҲƷ˹ʹ֪࣬Լ⣬ڹúƽҸ̫ƽҲûʲôǶ̫ƽ޷չôأԺ˵ҲǺܲġ
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ǵǸպܻˣ̫ƽҲµķ䡣
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ҪҪأһԺӵʱһȪۣȪ۵ˮǸ𣬶͸ˬĸо
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ǰѾеļҾߣ͵涼ľ֮


860 ط꾣

̫ƽƺõĴ͹Ӷ˽
ⴲ֦ľġл͸һζ
ûùô߼Ĵһʱ֮侹Ȼ᲻ȥ˯
һĹóľġ
ͨڷƺĨһ͡
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ӦõģӦõġдվ
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˵һӣȻָСΪԪġ
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Ϊعѧȸս̸ūˣӺͱˣԪˣȸȥˡΪȸǳʤȸ̴ûʧܹƺȦӣһܴĹӣȻ̫ƽڻûƺ˵ʲôǿĸ̫ƽйϵ
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̫ƽһʦ˾˭ΪʲôҪûأԪг𣬻Ǹг𣿡
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862 㲻ǻʺ

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̫ƽһҪңΪԪ˲öԸҾǹ˾ǣҲδץסԪСԪԼͻͶˡһЦ
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̫ƽϣܹ﻽Ѿӣ̫ƽףѾ԰׵ġ
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˺˵ٳһɣ̫ƽ㲻ôа㻹кҪչˡ
̫ƽ˵ڱһҩҵҩȥץҩ˸ҷ£ҾһܹԼⶾˣȫʲô¶ˣʲôչ˺أһҪҡ
̾˿˵Բ̫ƽʵһֱ֪ʦҪʲôθʵҲǹġֻû뵽Ҳ֡
һ֮ˣѵҪʦһٴΪһ˽°ڲˣѵԵĵ𣿡̫ƽʵ
̫ƽͲҪ˵ˣҸʦ飬Ҳ븺ͲҪΪˡͷҿ̫ƽ
㲻Ը⸺ʦѵͿԸ°𣿡̫ƽ˵
Ҳʦ˻ʵ֮»ӺءʦܺáҰο
ı任ҪʬǻصģԪǻ̫ƽҡҡͷ˵
Ԫ㲻áԪʵֲۣĶʵۣ㻹Ѿǻʺˡ˵ӣֻͼ˵̫ƽʦʵۣԺǼ̳ߡʦûкӣһֱ㵱ĺӣ۰㣬ִ֪ġ


863 谮

ϲҵĺǶҪ㳯͢ҲϣȷѪˡ̫ƽᶨ˵
̾˿˵Ǹ̫ƽҲܴӦ㡣ġ⼸죬ɢᷢá
ڶ졣
ɡ̫ƽѾָźӣڳߡ
żβɫ㡣
ӺĽˮ
̫ƽûţıźӣȻźȥˮ㡣
ЩѾһʱˡͲˡ
Ӻ׾ˡ
һ̣Ӽȫһ
ܽˮںӵϣ̫ƽϽҪﺢӲ˲
ʱĺҲźӹһˣˮɿˣĺɵĺҲҪȥһ¡
Сĵ㡣ĺɽס˺ӡ
԰ﻨĺ㣬ڲݵɹ̫
һԵСϣĺݺõĻ衣
ȵˮɡĺ˫ֽ豭ϡ
ĺѾǰ¶ȵںã̫ƽʺϵ¶ȡ
Ȼ뿪ʹܾˣĺɷ̫ƽϰȴȻûиı䡣
л̫ƽЦŽ豭˹ûˣҲҪ̫нǿԽơ
ĺ΢Цŵͷ
Ҹ׼һЩġ˵ĺɴһԵİóˣЩż
Щżġ
ĺ˳㻹һϯӵڲݵϡ
ݴĳӾͲҧˡ
ͦãһɡ̫ƽҲӱ˲ϯϡ
ĿĵʱͻȻһԵĲݴһߡ
ĺɵһʱ䷢ߡȻϽӶ
߳˹̫ƽ˳ͳһӣȻװ˴
̫ƽĶܿ죬Ž˿ӡ
Ȼᡣ̫ƽж⳵ֻͨһߣûж
Ȼ̫ƽһ뷨϶ǱߵǺѵõҩġ
ص֮ĺɽ߽˴
̫ƽ뷨ĺɽߵ
ʣµ⣬˷߸
ѾԳЩˣ߸񶹸һҲһǳõѡ
Ƣķ㴫ĺɽ߸˳ʱϷżٵĺɵߡ
С̡ĺõҨһ߸촵˴֮󣬰߸ͽӵ
źӽ߸֮ĺҨһڡ͵Լӵ
һһڵģĳԵһ߸
ϴǵ㡣Ѿ˯ˡ
̫ƽǰ飬յʱ̫ƽʱźӡ̫ƽҲǼѧϰ
ʱϲ鷿档Ϊ鷿кܶҽ顣
Щҽϳкܶͼ
Ϊúÿһ㣬ĺɻ׼ֽܶڵϡ
Ȼ󽫱īҲԱߣƾӼ򵥵Ϳѻ
ȻѵطŪúҡȴǳС
ʱ԰Ĳ˵һ仰
ӿġ̫ƽĺɴȤ
Ҳûʲôõģһ״Ҳȫ㣬ܳ⡣̫ƽЦ˵
̫ƽ֪ȱ׵顣ӵԸҲҪġ
ΪúӿԸӽĳɳ̫ƽʱҲѡȥ䡣
ȥֻΪúӵʶ˶ӴӴ
Ҳϲȥ֡ĿƷ˹һҿ޲ڵܡ
ţšӿſڵӭƮָָ֮
Ҳ𣿡̫ƽӸ߸߾˳ϡ
ĺɵĺҲ궯
ʱ·ͻȻһƥ
ڰıϡһñӵˣһ߹һߴš
ˣˡ
̫ƽʱȤ
̺ͨţ̻ǲһģ
̿ҩⶾĹЧ
ĺɵĺΪЩϻ˯ʱ򳣳ȥģ˯̤ʵ
̰ɡ˵̫꣬ƽͰǮˡ
̫ƽ̵ݸĺɡ
Ӻȵɣⶫͦġ
ĺǰԼҲȹ̣ʱΪϻﳤݣˮ۵޷ʡֻһ֮Ժúܶˡ
ԣС͸̣һڰɡĺɷűӣԼĺҲһڡ
̷ڱڱϹҳһȦȦĭǺ̵ı֣ҵԽ࣬Խá
ֹ˼ֿڣ̫ƽڴ
žĺࡣ
ӵ棬һŸֿʽΣ
̫ƽܿͿеһ
Ǯ̫ƽָƷʵ
ҪԸ˵㡣ӵƹһƲֺǾ
̫ƽȻȱǮǺּۻ۵ĸо
εּۻۣ̫ƽһģһΡ


864 ߹

й̫֮࣬ƽҲĺһЩ·
ĺܳѣɻֲ̫ƽ
˴ӽͷ䵽β½½˲ٶ
߹ء
ɳϯÿ˵ȸֻԼɵģÿʱÿ̶ȱˮĸо
µѾˣū˻ûнȸȷˡ
ɺһգū˹׷ϣȻȸΧǡʱū˲Ұܣڶ࣬ˡȸռǵӪʣɻ˴ƥ
ֻҪܹū˵ݣͿԴȫʤˡھӪȸüɫ˵š
Ӻܸˣ콫һϣ
ǣʤǴҵŬֻһ·˰ˡûҶô̿ࡣȸǫ˵
бµˡǺǫġӺ̾
ǣع˺ū֪ȥץס࣬ڳ¥ϣ˵ȸŽǾɱࡣ
ף򲻿ǿ̫ƽѣˣ̫ƽǳѹġɺȰ
ȸͷ֪
Ӻ˵ǣǰԲȣʱ䳤ˣһ
ɺ˵ȥࡣ
ȸŭһжҪȻ㱨ңͬ˲ſԽУмɣ֪
ɺɥصͷ֪ˡ
ǣɺģ£ҹҶ˯ˣɺ͵͵ذ׺Ϻ£˳ȥ
ҹˮܿ죬ɵɺ˵˵ĳǽ¡
࣬أ۾һϢ
ֵǣѲ߶ֻڳ¥߶ȴ¿ۡ
ɺӰԼϣһ˦ӵһͷе̣ˣ¥֮ϡ
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кüΣɺӳ¥ˤڻΪģɺѾܹסˡ
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ȻоһζͷһģһżһְԼϣ
ɺˣֲܽУֻƴشƣϧ֪Ϊ̫ڵԭ򡣻Ǳʲôԭ򣬽Ȼһ㶼ûпڼ
Ҫ𣿿ӣɺ
Ѳ߶ӸϹһѸٵɺߡ
ʲôˣѲ߶ӵĻ˹ץ˶ץ
ɺ˫ȭѵ֣ץסˡǣɺ˵ɵɵΪ㣬ԿˡǺʱҽ㲻ҪƫҪ˰ɡҪһסηˡ
˵ɺϣ㸸ĸңôôذ㲻ȴôں˸Ŀ⣬˲ҪȢҡ
ɺˡˣģҲΪں˸ҵĿ㡣ҸףҪ¶ˣϽ㡣ԣֻܸԼҪ㣬θɱҡǶá
ˣİң͸ң㰮Һòã
ʱˣô̸£ɺˡ
ûһŮ˴󵨣֪Ϊʲôɺͺһڡ
÷ݯ˶ľɰĴҹ㡣ǣɺȴһϣԭɺסһø
Ϊʱ̣ٲ˵ڶ̫ˣ㲻֪ҵһӵʱ𣿡񲻸ĵش˵
Ұ㡣ɺƺҲԤе˲ã˵ˡ
ˡ֮ǰⷬʲôֵˡ
ɺ§ס˽񣬡ģǲǶġ
ǶҪ˭ĵ̡ūǰΧ˹
Ҫ˺ŮˡɺԼ嵲ס񣬷ǳڡ
̫ƽȸĻҲͲᱻץˡ
Ȼص㣬ǳʵ
˭һӵԡ
šȻūؽˣŮӳûǳˡ
˵Ҫܣ
ǸӣϲˣūؽЦΣˣ˰ԭڶ࣬Ƿһһ
ɺŭ
ɲ㡣ūؽʿǳȥѽɺǣ֣ٴǿжϿ
ȻɺƤ£˽ϣ˺·
ؽţǣūѾǸɲһͣˡ
ɺˣոպͽ໥ף㲻һһ𣬽͡


865 ٳ

֪ɺĵС棬Щַʿǣȭߡ
Ѫ˳¥ֹסΪǶˣɺˡ޷ٰˡ
Ȼɺ񣬡ԲίˣҾٳ¡

ʱӺѾٳ¡
ԭȸɺ˽ȥ˵з̸ı˲ԣɺͽ֮ʡһپࡣ
ɺǴ˳ţӺһӵʱȥūˡ
ɺסĽ˵£ˣҲˣӮˣӮ֪𣿡
Ӯǿһ𣿡˵
ɺûԥ֣صص˵ͷ˵һȢ㡣
㸸סԥˡ
ҲܣΪҸô࣬Ҳ뿪㣬Ҫ㸺𡣡ɺ˵ңһһġ
ϲסɺ
ūһͿأȸӺ˧ʤ׷ץסعˡ
˭֪ع׼ˣÿ˶غ˶ҩץסʱǾͳ˶ҩ
ʱһѪ
ȸæץסһ˵˭а󷨵ģ
ǡǣع˻û˵꣬Ѿˡ
ѣѣȸ壬ǡѾˡ
ɺһҪ˵˭ʲô
Ӻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪յԶܽҿˣΪ˶ˡ
ҲȻ࣬ͺˡҲ֪ءɺЦ
ȸҡҡͷ˵ûбѴعǲܸ࣬ѹҲûá
ôأǾҲ𣿡ɺˡ
ȸҡҡͷѾ֪˭ˡҲֻܹҵѧȥ
˭ɺһ
ӡȸЦôûˣΪӴҪһ벻ˡ
ӣҽӺһֻ֪ʦ
ȸЦȥҲΪֻҽҷˣּҲйϵ
ּңӺһںܶǰѾˣּҺְģҲѾˡ
ǣּһı󣬾ҲᡣȸüëһֱɾӺּ֮ĹϵңӺ֮ǰʶԴ޸ְ֮󣬾Ӿʶ˭˵Ӳʶأ
ס˵Щһֱڲһ֡ʶˡϵӡɺȻ
ǵġǲ֪Ӿʲôȸ̾˿˵ˣȻѾȫʤˣȿͶʿƥȻ˵ɡ
ǡӺɺȥˡ
ȸţŲ裬ȴвõԤС
ȸѾµˣڲ߻ʲôϣġ
ϣֻҵԴ⡣ȸ̾˿˵߹صδȫʤӦܹ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ãɺѽȸǰףѾҪȢΪޡϣײҪԣΪηǳᶨûʲôܸıһľġ
ȸȻŭ˵˲ԣǲԡһҪҾ͵ûӡ
ӺЦʲô۵ģǱˣ侲ɺҲСҼңҪˣһӵ顣
ɺ˵ӺҲ˽ôҵģһŮԸͬû˵Ҳϲϣȫǰɡ
ȸŭ䲻㣬ҲӦġ
ɺס˽˵Ȼ˸ףҾֻܴ˽ˡ
㡭ȸŭĵλҲֻ
檣ҪģֻҪһһһ˫ˡףҲһֻȢĸһôమΪʲôأҲҪҵҪҵķˣɺ¶˾ġ
ӣҲǺܰˡ
㡭ȸĿ
æ˵ɺ˵ǵ˾˵ɡҪ㸸ôòã
ɺж˵㿴㣬˵ôء
ֻǲϣΪңǸӲ̾͡˿˵˾˵ɡ
˾Ҳκθı䡣ɺŽ־ˡ
Ӻ˵ҲˣҿŮӣҲû̫ж︣Ȼɺôֺ֣αأ
ȸ̾˿˵ôܳΪҵĶϱأⲻôЦڳЦ


866 ְ֮

ȻɺԼϲֺαأӺȰమġҲͬĻ档㲻ԧġ
ȸ̾˿˵û취ймҹ档

̫ƽ־ȫˡ
ӵҩû˼
û뵽ǣӾȻְĴˡҲ֪ʵӺּһֱϵ
游ӹϵܺãһ˱󷨡ĿǰΪֹһ󷨣ԶǿȸĴκ󷨡Ϊþ˾ӱѪ
ְβһгңȻҲû뵽游ôѣȥְĵģΪҪ֡ԸԪװ
ʱְľվǰڳƣƺͨˣΪŴְĹˡ
̫ƽְסҵ˵Ϊ㣬ҶҪˡ֪뿪˻ʹҷһȥ㣬֪Ԫ֮䲻ʣҵĻᣬһҪҺ𣿡
ֻ֣Ҿöġ̫ƽѣҩˣ̫ƽȫ̧һֻ֡
ְĿЦһвǧĹ㣬ѵ㲻ж𣿡
ҾöģҲԼΪʲôҪ㣬Ӧɱ㡣̫ƽŭ
ְס̫ƽ°͡촽
㲻Ҫ̫ƽе
Σɲˡְ̫ƽ촽
촽ôô㣬ְ
̫ƽˡ
ɤҲûãӺѾȥļˡְ̫ƽĶ䡣
㾿ô̫ƽˡ
㱾ҵģְؿ̫ƽ
Ҳ̫ƽŭҲ
ְĵĺ̫ƽĿӣʱ̫ƽ壬¶˳
ְ·ѹȥ
촽ף
̫ƽĬĬᣬҪһġ
ңҲҪõ㡣Ϊ㱾ҵġְ˺̫ƽ·һֻ̫ƽ񾱡һֻ̫ƽĺ󱳡
̫ƽ۾ȫȡ
ְٴ̫ƽĴ˵ĺһơ
һҹְķһһռ̫ƽ壬ƣ˲˯ȥ
ˡ
̫ƽֿԶˡԼϵְģ˺⡣
ҹһһϮ̫ƽǰ
̫ƽԼֳΪˡ
˯Уְ૵ҲԹ޻ڡ
̫ƽͷϵӣְĵĺʹ˹ȥ
ְ۾ЦˣѪ
벻ְһ̡Ȼ̫ƽԹ޻ڡ
ĺɽˣ̫ƽϴɾȻȥְˡ
̣̫ƽġ
û뵽ɱְġ
û뵽ְǰȥ壬һһΡ
ְĶİȻǲԸģɵ彻ϵһ̣ǿֵġ
ûãˡ
ְ֪Ѿˣ֣һֱǲϲְĵġ
̾˿˵ȥְ޸õķĹɡҲΪּˣֻǿϧûְģҾʧȥһԸԪ͸ˡ
ˡ
̫ƽǳã֪ӻͱʾʿѾˣϾҪȥˡ
ϾסôˣԶٷ𣿡̫ƽʵ
ԣֿԶˣպѪᱻסûнҩҲܶˡ̾˿˵
̫ƽĺȥ֪ͨǣ
³ʮǳԣһ𾴾ƣڡ
Ȼ̫ƽѿҽݽѧͽǣԼҩͨʱдȫѧͽǡ
ѧͽǺܸм̫ƽ̫ƽȴ˵Ҫҽġӡ
ʧȥ˸֣һС̫ƽ˵
̫ƽҲһӽţǰЩлչˣЩãϣܰꡣ
۾ˣƴһ̫ƽӲȥˡ
ҪȥԺ󻹻𣿡ʵ
Ӧòˡ̫ƽЦǣⱲӶܺõģΪһֱ
ʵҲԶ
Ҫ߱Ĵ񣬾ҵ͵߰ɡΪҲϲֱʱǵᡣ̫ƽҲˡ
áӦˡ
̫ƽһж壬ԼĽƱԼĺǡ


867 

ڴ̫ƽˡ
·ϣ̫ƽźӣĺҲһ
糾ͣΪģȴȥǡ
ĺ˵ūǣ߰ɡū֪ȻԸԪġ
̫ƽЦΪôǵģЩѾûѡˣֻˡ
ĺ˵ǵʱôأѵؿŽɽɽ𣿡
Ҳ֪ô죬ȫѾ˶ûа취ȥκ顣̫ƽ̾˿˵ҲӲȥȻӳȥӿš׼
ĺ˵ūһԡ
Ҫ̫ðˣǺܿӲȥģӳȥˣҲᱻץǲˣٷǡ룬ǻɱġ̫ƽط㲻ߣ߰ɣ˵ˣȫҲҪչˡ
֪ʲôʱ̫ƽУѾ˿¡
ĺû취ֻӡ
ʱʹԪǺһۡ
ԼĽ֪
߹ظոճݱūع˶ˡ
ԪǳˣžʲôϯǸӺء
СĶżϣǳģһɡ
СЩﲻֹһιֺԪ
ǣԪûпСһۡ
ȥɣԺҪΪ޲ϲ㣬ҲԪþͺһ˺ܾõĲ衣
СĿˡ
Ԫ̾˿뵽̫ƽ̫ƽ㾿ټһ棬ҲԹ޻ڡ
ҹԪ˸Σļ̫ƽˡ
ֻ̫ƽһ̬˵磬㻹ҵĻ͸ϿӰɣӵԽԶԽã֪֪Ҫˡ
ԪЦ̫ƽֻҪܻ˭޶ԣ治¡
̫ƽЦ磬ġҲ£
û㣬ӵ˻λô¶һˡԪ˵Ҵˣɣ̫ƽòã
ʱԪһֱظòã˫ץסȴǿ
ǡҹ̫ƽҲͬһΣԪ˵Ҵˡɣ̫ƽòã
̫ƽѾˣãȻĿ˵һҪˣ㲻Ҫһòã磿
̫ƽƵ˵ǸͺԪǰ̫ƽڸԪ˵⻰һ
ɱѾΧסˣң֪ľӣ˱
ڲּ֪Ҵұǣʵһ󷨣꾣ڶ԰µܣʵһ󷨡
󷨲׳κʿû취ģʩ󷨡ⳡսۣӮˡ
ӻѾǵˮˣûˮԴضҡ
ƴϹȸȻñ񡣵ȴֿ˾ӵñȸܹ⾩֮ΧֻԶԶ뾩ʮ֮ⲻ䡣
ȸûа취Ӻɺ͸ûа취ˡ
ȻѾҳһˣԪȴǳ򶨣ڴϣһۣڰؿš
ˮ˳ĽˡҴѽհԪҸԪο˵ǣΪʲôأ
ϣѾΧնˮѾܳˣȸҲ޷⾩֮ΧɼΧǵѽ
ǰѾΧǣĲʲô콫ΪûʲôҪͷǵġÿһ¶ģ˶Բʺ޶Դ¡԰նǰмѣϹᣬ󼺡޲ã콫ͷޡһħ֡޲£Ī𣿡Ԫ˵
ԥˣʼͷӶ˽Ԫ֪ЩѾͶĴˡ
ߣ޲ǣǵȾıƣǲߣڱ빲˭ߡԪȵ
Ң˵ǴΣ֮ʣҵӦͬ飬۷׷ףأѵƽջ϶ǻ𣿡
褺Ҳ˵ܾôԸϹ
Ԫжˣлǡ޼סˡ
⡣
ѾҹΪǿֿȻñȴûйơ
˵ⲻѧѽѾˮˣûˮԴǺʲôʲôأʲô󷹣ôҲųأ
룬վھʯϣԪģȻС


868 ս

һ˼ǣһУΪӵԪɽˮˣҲԸԪˮһսǳͶ
ӵͷԪҲļɣ˴򿪳š
ǻҪãܹƳţ̫ƽվſ͵ˣⲻ˵
ӿЦöˣˡȱˮҲȱʳܿͻ޲ߡһȺ˻ʲôȻɱôѸɥʧǡԪҳϡ
ɥʧǣɥʧҳϣԲԣ̾˿˵Ҳõ֪ѵĻһᷴģΪһʵ̫ˡ
û취ҪӮҪЩۡ̾˿˵ұ룬ָ¹
ʵ˵ǣִ̾˿˵
ǰɡʱִʵҲԥİֿĻξӮˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ⲻǾ뿴ĵġǣû취
ѡ˰ִŵһλ

Ԫ褺Ң˹
޲ĿŰǶˣ޴㿪ͶǳġˣֻһˣҪ۱ˡԪ̾˿˵
ϣ԰Ңˣûô֪һأ
ʿֶѾûսˡȸǣѾ;Ӷ?ˣʧˡԪЦҲӱޣʺʵ۰ɡ
ҪͶҲҪ̸УϿһʹ֪ᾣӣԼʱս̸С褺
áԪͷҲ֪ĸʹߺʡ
ϣ⻹˵𣿾óȥɣΪٸһ֮褺ëԼ
ã褺˳Ӫʣ̫ƽ
̫ƽ㣬벻ôãû뵽һֱһ𡣡褺ʹ˵
ˣ򾩳ǲ̫ƽ⣬Ǿӵ˼ǡ֮԰̫ƽҲץвԪһһ䣬ԪԶλĹΪع̾˿˵˵Ǻ̫ƽ
Σϵ˼սϸ̸С褺㱯˵ؿ̫ƽ˵
̫ƽȫҲԶԡ
Ҳȫͬģʵ˵褺㣬ҲǾӵˡˣϷ˿Ǿӵá̾˿˵һж㲻ˡǣڵ˸ʱˡ
褺ȴ߹ʵ̫ƽ㣬ôûˣûлҪ˵𣿡
һ褺㣬Ҳܹ̫ƽ̫ƽҩЧû죬̫ƽжˡ̫ƽû취ش㡣
Ƕ̫ƽʲô褺ŭ̫ƽôˣ
̫ƽʵҪˣ褺㣬ҶԲǡһһжҶԲ𡣡
褺̾˿˵ʵ뿪֮󣬻Ѿ򣬻ϷǳڣϿӣһǳ۵ġ
̫ƽЦô¡Ѿֻˡ
ҲѾ߲˻ͷ·ˡȻӵ
褺㿴˵ԭĸĸ磬Ӧý̫ϧ㾹Ȼ򾩳ǣ㲻̫ƺ
ؿ褺˵ôˣ뵱ҵһμʱ㻹ǸСëӡ㲻ý̫֪ҵֻҪúõĳҲͿˣҲ˵ڹúܺáҪúТ˳ĸһʵ̫ʵ̡̫
褺˵ĸҲǳ㹥򾩳ǣհУͲΪʲôҪõŮ̫ƽǻʺ㻹ʲôģ
Ȼһǳҵĳ¹ӿЦǲ׵ġ
һŶѣôҪҵȻˡõ£Ҳòġ褺ȥǣ
̾˿˵ûдûд
գӺԪսϣݣ
벻ַʽ֮硣֮ǰһֱĽԪǫ˵ǣȻɡ
ǸûʵۣϧΪƫƫǳˡҡҡͷ˵ҲҪԸ㣬ֻҪԸ
ס޿λиҪ󣬿ɲԲҪ˺񣿡ԪЦ
һ㾹ȻԸ⣿
ѻλԹ޻ڡԪᶨ˵
۾ʪˣģԺ󣬳ǳ¹Ϊ¹Ȼ˺¹񡣡
±Ϊһңûг¹ֻаաԪЦ


869 Ը

ָ¹ұ롣ЦĹţٴڡ̫ƽĶӣʵۡ
Ԫ˵ܹգԸһһҪ˵̫ƽҿԼ𣿡
ڲԡ˳뾩ǣһ̫ƽ̫ƽ㡣ӳ˵һжˣûʲô⣬Ǿɢ˰ɡ
Ԫͷá
ʹ
ҢԪ˱ƣϣĲ𣿡
ҺڵֻǵΪʲôſ̫ƽ֣ںһ̫ƽУ̫ƽĶӡԪʹ˵
Ң˵ǲ˺̫ƽġ
ԪͷԸˡ
Ӫ
̫ƽϵɢѾɢȥ˶ԡ̫ƽԶˡ
ϣ̫ƽȥźӡԸԵġ
ˣ⣬̫ƽͲȥ𣿡
̫ƽЦôȥǵˣһ˳ӵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Ԫսϣ㡣Ӿܾˡ˵ȴ󲿶ӽȥǣȻһսҡ
̫ƽЦʦ˽ĵزһУ޷ǾΪһ
ѵãڻΪ˵û̾˿˵죬ͽ뾩ˡ㣬׼𣿡
ûС飬Զ޷׼̫ƽЦ
ǳſˣʤĴţ򿪣˻Ƶ
룬̫ƽϤĽͷȴǲϤǱܶգڣΧһ׿ߡ
ǶԾӵʿİģǳ˵ġ
촽ѣ˵ǳڿʡ
ǣǷַˮʱȴһȥӡ
аǣ󺰴˵ǲҪѹߵˮ
ǣѹӳȥ
ѪԵġøжġ
ҪգɲһһϦ顣
ЩɶԪİա
ǰѰǶɱ⣬ҪȻǷԾӵˡ
ȻǷǳģˮƿˮˡ
ɵˮҲٷָǡ
Ÿ촽ؿˮһε͸
м̵СӣˮˡۡһͿˣĸȴźӵ˵ޣʲôⲻǵˮǲҪȡ
ԣ˶ҪȡȻ˸͡
С޵öûˡ
̫ƽҲȥˣĺ˵ҵˮƿȡ
ӻġĺѵ
Ѿ˲ôˡ
̫ƽˮߵǺǰ˴ǵķԣԸСιˮСһˮҪ򣬶ʱһտή磬˾һ۾ﶼҫĹʡ
̫ƽԺӵĸĸ˵ҪˣҲܹúעӼȻˣӦøˮȡ̫ˡⲻǷˣŰԼ
ܶ˶ϳ̫ƽ
ϣ㿴ңҿ㡣̹£ʺ㣬ôˣ
̫ƽ̾˿˵Ƕɡ֮±Ը֪Ҫһ֡˳¹һ̵ֲֶΡ¹˹Ҫ˳Ҳǵһֱû̵ֶ̫Σһܹܡ
ԭǳ¹ˣ۷׷ס
̫ƽЩ̫ƽԸյķˮҲȥˣٿܡ
Ԫˡ
̫ƽĿԣԪˣ̫ƽþò
ϣþò̫ƽԼ˵Եõġ
˸ȺңңԪʵԲȻ˵Բûã޻Ҫ˵ٲ˵ˡ
̫ƽЦϣµԭ²ԭѾҪˣ´һʼǲ̵ĿͷҪһô̵Ľ֡
ǵġ޲̡̫Ԫͷ̫ƽ̫˼ˣ֪𣿡
Ҳ֪Ѿסɽ壬ƽʦûйңҿһӶ̫ƽ͸ž
ӡۡһˣĺɰѺӱ˹ǵĺӡ뵱Ҹʺ֮ûӡǿĻˡ
Ԫ˵޶Բӣ޶Բǡ
ϣûй㣬Լѡ·̫ƽȴԵ÷ǳƽϣҪޡѾ̫ڳأЦЦȽϿġ
̫ƽˡںһʿ˵ĻǣȻȥͺܴǻ֮ۡд룬һ޺µ롣Ԫ̾˿˵


870 ӵĽ

̫ƽЦϣˡǾڲΣǳɲʿģƽġϺӢ·Ƿ֮ӣȻƥ䲻ġҾͲ˼ˣ˺οҪΪԼأ
̫ƽΪʲô˵ĻҪ뿪ǽطŸռ棬̫ƽǹȥʲôǶˡ¿ʼòãҲҪ뿪޺òãԪż˵
̫ƽͷںϣûлش
ʱ̫ƽĳĬԪĸоǳ¡ΪĬͱʾŲԸ⡣
һ󣬾ˡ
Ҷ׷̧ͷеĶħʲôӣ
ֻһ£۷裬ϡ
һɷ֮С׷ͯգһҲѾѮ
ǶһʿôǶħأ
Ԫλˡӵߣȴ˿˶Ĥ
ԪûڣҢ߳ȵûʸΪûģ
Ԫڰ˵ҢҪѾӦˡ޶ԻλҲǺҪ
ϣˡֱԣ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲӦΪһ룬նӵ㣬ҲӵȴҪȡλãҪĹΪ¹ⲻ´һкܶ෴ģʱѪɺӣͿ̿Ҫ簡ϣԲѽҢе˵
ЦǣԪûѡ޶İҲҵĻλҪҪԼ
̫ƽҲˡȻ褺վ˵ӣڸİɡͷǰ
ЦҴ߻ͷ·οռơ
ûơȻһһ
ȺԶɢվԡ
Ϸ˹ԾַŹȣڵû
۾ʪˣá
磬Һ㻹ǵңѾ̬ˣȻ׷ͯգȴȻǵáϷʵ
ӿЦԶǵ㣬ǡ
ڶ԰ܣǱ󷨣ϣһҵĺѧᡣõĶˣ˲֪֪ġϷ˿ЦǣȴִסһΪʲôһúõĹӣŮأ
ÿ˶ߵ·ǳ¹жұҪ縺ҵΡӿЦԲãʧˡ
Ϸ˿˵ĺǣ񵱳¹ĺһԭǣǣְɸ磬㲻Ϊɱ˳¹ĺǣҲҪͬȥɱĺǣɱ¹ǵĲЩӡ
ҲǵҡҡͷĿᶨ
˵ʲô綼ˡϷ˿Ц
ǵģִûô׷ӿЦ
ԪѾѻڶˣͬ褺͵
˷ܵشۣڡ
ԪȺóһ·ϣ̫ž˱ϡ
Ԫôǣžӹ£ߺꡣ
Ӹ߸ţŵµǣϥǺ͵µͷ­˳ʣĸ󣬿֮鿴һĻӦÿ԰ϢˣΪ˰˴ôĳΪǿͷˡ
̫ƽϷ˿ˣҲˡ
һĻһȥȵˡ
ȻӿѪ˱ϡ
Ԫһ̫ҽ
Ԫ̫ƽ𾣹ӣôˣ
µġϷ˿˵磬ԲĨ˶ΪԶ֪˵ĶȻ۾ϤĶõĶκˣȴס㡣
ԭ϶ǶҩӴ۵һ̿ʼעҪˡ
ӿЦãΪʲôΪǳ¹ԸΪʲô㷴Ҫѵ㲻𣿡
Ϊ¹˽£磬һӹ̫ˣԲҲ˯һҸһ㡣ϷѾݺˡ
̫ƽҲȻû뵽ϷսһС
ӿգȻȻˣãҲ㣬ҲǶԵġǶԵġˣһˡ
ˣԪĻ̫ƽˣ޵ü򶼲ʦʦԶҵĺʦ
ȸӺӺˡ
˾Ӻ̲ס
ʣڳ˶Ŀˡ


871 ̫ƽ

Ӿˣģִʹ࣬һС
̫ƽס˻ʹȻ̫ƽԸ⣬ȻǣԪôߣ
̫ƽ޵Ķ𣿡Ԫ۾ʪˣ޳һģһ޶Բ޲㺦
̫ƽ˵ϣȥˡ
ȥˣиҲ˺ˡ̫ƽ˼
Ԫʹ˵̫ƽȥ޶Բĸһ취ֲһҪһᡣ˵ˡӲûе
̫ƽûƵģѺӵݹȥԪ㻹ûɣúñ
Ԫӹӣںӽ۵ףӶԪЩܣæƿԪΡӵС̫ˣƵÿԪԪ§סƱ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵㿴㣬ѺӶŪˣ汿׾
Ԫ̫ƽԭˣԭ޾ͺˡ
˵ˡ׾˵̫ƽںԪΰ
ֻమ֮ŻΣԪأ
̫ƽֻˡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ȥвԣҲвԣԺǶӿݾͺˡ
̫ƽһҪ¿ʼԪ۾ʪˣס̫ƽ֡
ӻûȡأȡְɡ̫ƽʵת˻⡣
Ϊԭ²ԭµ⣬Ҳǲ¿ʼ⣬̫ƽʼնûйֹԪ
̫ƽֹԪĻԪʮͷţġ
ͽաԪЦ˵Ҳ֣˸Σε˸޵ĶӴͽ֡
Ҿͦģáͽա̫ƽϾͬˡ
ʱĽϪ˹
þû̫ƽˣĽϪȻҲһ۾ϳԼĸףչ˫˹Ҫ̫ƽ
̫ƽһѾͰĽϪת˸ȦΪĽϪϲһʽ
ĽϪЦЦ˿ġ
ʱԪ̫ƽһž۵ʱСȴˡ
̫ƽæȥСİĺֽ̫ƽһϢ˵ʺ֮Ҳơū澶Բʺǣ޹ġʺҽģ£ԭū澣ܹչӡ
̫ƽˣź˵ģұغúøΪ
Сŷˣˡ
̫ƽСĵĶӣȡΪȨߡߣԼĺһ
ȸ´󹦣ɺȴҪӭȢ
ȸǳͷۣ̫ƽϣ̫ƽúȰһȰɺɺת⡣
̫ƽڸɺĹ֮ɺͽй빲ľġ
ǣ̫ƽȰȸһҪɢǣֻ÷ɺԺԽԽԹޣҲԷɺһӲƽΪɺǽȢȴԼһˣʹĪ߲ˡһŮˣʹɷÿȻһ𣬵װȴǱŮˣѵı緢𣿡
̫ƽһϯȸγѣȸ̾˿˵ǽʵ̫á
һжȥˡӦÿԺô˵ˣȻôɺѵ㲻ϣԼĶӺͶϱĹһ𣿡
룬Ȼ롣ȸˡ
ô𰸡ؾѾˡ̫ƽЦȻŲĹȥʤ氮ɺúöԴǵġ
áɺͺͽˡ
మмӣܿͻˡ
컹ǹ¶һˣԪر߹ء
ȸӺصˣ˶мҪػܹ´ڱ߹أ߹˭أԪżˣ벻
ǣôˣ¶һˡԪĵ˵
ѾϰˣȸҸǱҸϳȫɡοһЦ
Ԫ̾˿׼ࡣ
ˣ÷ݯȥͱ𡣡Ҿһƣ֪Ϊ˳ȫǲ뿪ġ
ЦںҸһĺҸԶҵĻ
ϿȥԼʱȸһ龰
²׷Ѿ㹻ůĺˡ
ʱ򡣰һˣһҪռУһػҲá
ϣϷ԰ҹ磬лл㣬ûкңôһƯһܹµöûа취㡣ϧˣϺܶ˶Ѿ֪԰ܡΪ˲Ҷᣬɱ¾Ҿջ԰
Ϸ褺ѧ˱󣬾һҹŻ԰ͬϷԼ


872 ̫Ӻ͹

벻ô죬ϷҲ澣Ӷȥˡ
˶ΪѾʧֻ褺֪Ѿѧˡ
̫ƽԪ֪
ӺкܸˣǧС㡣ȻһοʼΪİӺᵽ˼ҵĸо

ʣ㿴ôЩĿԪ
ֽջһϵĺɻͼ۵ĺɻһƬ̵ĺҶ֮Ե÷ǳ
šĺܺáԪĵͷ˳յͷ
ҵأҵ÷ĺòãĽϪԪ֣ɴ۾ʵ
ĽϪ÷ǳǳ󣬾һһ
̫ˡ̲סڳЦ
ųų󡣡ʱĽϪίĿ
޲ޡʾҲܺáԪƴİο
ĽϪɿ޵滨Ԫ޲ߡ
ôˣ˭۸Ҽұˣ̫ƽʱ˽
ĸ󣡡̫ƽĽϪɿ˹ȥһͷ̫ƽĻ
ܵ۸ң˵һĲÿĽϪ̫ƽ˵ί
ܵܲԡĸȥܵ˵̫ƽĽϪĺ󱳣ȻֲĽϪϵˮ
գȥǸԪһյĺ󱳡
ŤŤߵĽϪǰ
ԲҲӦô˵㡣
㿴ܵѾǸˡͲҪˡ̫ƽĵĽϪ˫֣ĽϪ
ϣĽϪ¶Ц仯ȷ黹졣
վһԵտһһ㶵ġΪר˽̵յĻǷǳ㡣ڵĺܶ໭ʦʰ·硣
Ƚ϶ԣĽϪƺûʲô̫óġ
ĽϪһԲཱུһ۾ˮˮģǶˡ
ղͬǣĽϪܻ˵ϲĻ
ʱҲĽϪǰ󷭡
ĽϪϲԵģץһֻץһ
ȥһ㶼Ů
̫ƽüΣĽϪ͵ûƵģء
ԪʱҲ˵䣬ĽϪף᲻̫
ڿʱĽϪҲϲһš
ʱĽϪ÷ǳɡԼҲһڱһ𿴡
˺ܾãĽϪûз顣
ֻһԷ
տ֮ĽϪͻȻѹһȻץסԼ档
ղܲӦĽϪһֱգκ顣
̫ƽпյʱպĽϪȥ԰ˣ
԰̫ƽصװġ
ճĻݲ֮⡣кܶ豸
ĽϪϲһǧ
ĽϪÿ춼ȥǧ
һҪùŮ̫ʹİæƵԽԽá
һգĽϪˤŵطԱߡ
ĽϪ˿ûк£ʱ򻹻˵յС
Сĵ㣬ҪˡĽϪҪվǧϣ̲סĴ
ûµģֲǵһˡĽϪһмط
Ҫɵø߸ߵġĽϪ̫
̫ȻЩӡʵͲסĽϪĴ
ĽϪĿĵʱ̫ƽ˹
ĽϪǧġ̫ƽһغ
¡ĽϪͻȻŶһ£˲ΡΡģϾҪ
ĽϪһ
շɿ˹ȥĽϪڵ֮ǰסĽϪ
ʱĽϪͨ죬µı۾޵
˵ˣΣա̫ƽһ߰ĽϪһ˵ǧֻƤģŲܲǧ档ٲĸҪǧˡ
أءĽϪһ߿һߵͷ
̫ƽĽϪһԵͤ
תԹŮ˵ȥ׼һЩİɣҪһ
ĽϪʲôأ̫ƽʵ߸ҪҪ
ҪҪ߸࣡ĽϪһƵģһվ˵ϡ
ܿ죬ŮǾͰѶ׼׵ˡ
ĽϪԵˣʱ˷ϵˮûиɣѾҧˡ
ֻҪʼԶĽϪѾûˡ
ʱղûжֳԣһĿԶķ羰
ĸ뻭
յǰһƬϼʺϼȾ˰죬ҲյƲʸȾ˺ɫġ
̫ƽԹŮͷ
Ůղ˱ֽ
ôõ飬ôأ¡ԪЦ˽
˵Сźڻ԰ˣԪҲ˹
ƽǳæµ˳֮Ԫϲͺһ
밲չ
ˣˡԪɵվţһӡ
øʿʲô
˵Ԫߵյ
ţٶһƬơԪ˵֮󣬲ûȥĸջ


873 ֮

תˣûи׼·أԪ΢Цʵ
⻹ʡ·ˡ˳㻹ҲסСЩĻش
ŶٶȻͦġԪĵͷ
հ·͹Ҳ
ڻ԰ˣ֮⣬̫ƽʱҲźȥ⡣
ͻʹͬԽӴĶЩںӵĳɳǷǳаġ
ջ⡣ЩԪԽ̵ĶһΪһкֽԪ˸ڴ
Ȼտʼʱ࣬մûз
Լ˫ַŷɣתȻûϸҪ󡣵ջҪһ̶̵ʱ˻ļ
ʣҲҪѧĽϪſ˫ۣʾԪһ
ĽϪҪԪȫûܾһѽĽϪԼĻ
ȴȥתһȦ䣬Ԫ˫һбſɳ۶
棬棡ĽϪƥĵ߸°ڶˮһ
ԪĽϪסĽϪ˫Ҳ°ڶ
ѧϰķҲԪСʱѧϰķ
ĽϪûáͰſˡ
İڶ̫ˣĽϪ˫ֶˡ
ԪҲǿ
ץסëɣСĻȥĽϪתһȦ֮ԪƵĶŻˡ
ôĿİɣ̫ƽѾһߣֽĽϪϸ
档ǧ档ĽϪ˵
ϣǻȥǧɡ̫ƽЦĽϪͷ
Ҫˣڱֺܶࡣ
߸߹Ŵ򶼲ĸɸɾ
ĽϪ䣬Ҳһ±
ҲᣬóˡĽϪһģӡȻģȥѹ
ǵĽϪ±ʱȴô
ô£±ΪʲôĽϪżĴ
ղûаͲϡһԵһˢ˵Ҫģˢһ͡
ǵģΪʲôҽĽϪһѶеˢӡ
±кüֿζ̣ҪôӶҪô̵ơҶĿζ
ĽϪƫƫһġ
ĽϪһСѴҲһƬ
Ҫһر±˭ҪǳԵ±ǾнĽϪһһüɫ˵
ǽƷʲôأ̫ƽЦʵ
ţƷǼһ±ĽϪ˼˰졣˵
û˼˭Ե±Ǿʹɨһôջ˵
ðʱ϶ԵˡĽϪԥĴӦˡ
ڰ±Ž֮ǰ͵͵ĽϪ±ϷһƬСջΪǡ
һ±ˡ
ĽϪһ˹ȥ
ҪԣҪԣˡĽϪѽżҲ
ҰðɡռװһĽǴоջ±ݸĽϪ
С̣ȡ
ĽϪɵȲˡֻǼ򵥵ĴڣĽϪȲҧһڡ
ĽϪһ±ݺݵ˦˵ϡ
ĽϪʹ顣Ϊʲôôù
ĽϪĿ̫ƽϽ˹̫ƽϵ±һжˡ
˺ˣûµģȿˮɡ̫ƽϽοĽϪ
ΪĽϪûгԽȻϺܣûжɶ˺
Ϣһ֮ĽϪͻûʲôˡ
Ǹ˵±ӵĽϪ˵
ǣⲻӦȥɨ𣿡һʵ֮ǰ˵ģ˭Ե±˭͸ɨһ졣
£ٳ˶Цˡ
ûУû˵ĻĽϪƴҡͷ˹һ
ˣͲҪΪĽϪˡԪʱվһԵ̫ʶȤľͰѵϵ±ˡ
ԪվԼһߣĽϪԽίˡ
ʣ㿴ܾܵ۸ҡĽϪ˵Ķ飬滨ģһ˵һĨᡣ
ááȥ˵ԪһĽϪͷһ߰οҲӦøܵѧϰҪ顣ôƤ
һζ֮ĽϪ˺ܶ࣬ԶҲССڵҧ
ĽϪı仯̫ƽܿġ
˵Ůʮ˱䣬仯ϵġ
ΪĽϪŮЩ̫ƽĽϪ˺ܶŮѧϰ
ֽ壬֯աĽϪԽѧԽζԽѧԽгɾ͸С
պԼһѧ
ֻնЩȫȤ
˺棬ʲôĽϪȥһĽĽϪҲԽףһСŮһ߿̫ƽҲˡ
֪䣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ


874 ̫ѧҵ

Ԫһ̫
տʼʱղûкĶ顣
̫һҲûа취ֻܳոս̵㶫
ֻѧϰĽȺ
̫ӵ¡Լһ죬̫ͻ룬ı̬ȡ
ʲôأնʱȤߡһĿ̫
֮ڰƪ±Ҿ̫Ӹ˵պ󲻱ظ̫ӵʦˡ
ôӿΡ̫Ļҹһ⡣
ãһΪ
յ۾ﷺŹ⣬תܹȥ顣
յһ顣
ڽļʱÿһ춼ҡͷԵı顣
Ԫ·ΪĸаˡЦüɫ
Ϊ˱ʾԪֽ̫׼˺Щ鼮
̫ӵ°϶飬޻͡Ԫ˵
յıУսҵ˸о
νٱԼеݣҲһĿʼӰ쵽ա
ԭһж̫ƻõģ
̫ձеģǡȰ
սѾ̫㿪ʼ׼ݣʥ˹ӡ
˶顣̫Ҳյ֡
տʼʱ̫ġ
ӡıĵڵ£ȻһµֽŸ档
µıԼɼ
ֱ̧ˡ̫һֱգʱעơ
ԭ;õĻ滭ףûʱ䣬յ־ͻͽԪޡ
ھһʱġ̫֮˵׸壬Լӡ
дͺãûʲôþģҲûʲôԴ̫ЦŹա
Ȼһʱ̫̫ʲô⣬ʵ̫ѾյıкܶԡŰġյĳɳ෴ŷԲǸʺյġ
ΪѧҵŵĺĽϪˣʱ˺ܶࡣĽϪһʧ˲١
ŵĹڣĽϪĵӰԵø¼š
ĽϪҪҲһѧϰɡ̫ʾ֮󣬱ĽϪҲյߡ
տʼʱĽϪЩӦ
濴ӡĽϪĵֻܲŪԼͷ
̫ԸĽϪ˼飬ĽϪȻûʲôȤ
̫ƽˡԪĽϪһ֡
СĽϪǺ̫ƽһ
ͻȻһ֣ĽϪԵЩ̫Ӧ
Ҳ̫ϲ㡣һμ档ĽϪֱӸһ
ǰܶ˸տʼʱ򶼲ϲҡǴ֮󣬴ҶϲҵġֶƽĽϪ
𣿡ĽϪŽɣĿ֡
ԭΪֻԼָָ˵ġ
ĽϪǣ־ȻĽϪȥץ㡣
ĽϪ»
һֱĽϪϲȥˣץϲĲˡ
ҪǱһȡ˭ץࡣЦŶĽϪ˵
Ⱦͱȣ˭˭ɨĽϪг˵
ãһΪֿĵ۾ˡ
ԭںĽϪʽ֮ǰѾĽϪȫλ˽⡣
ץ뷨ҲǸĽϪġ
һжƻС
һʱŬĽϪץ㡣ȴֻץ㡣
ԪˡĽϪ˵㵸ѾܾûôĹˡ
ĺֲʧʱĺĽϪ׽ѸٵĺĽϪùϵ
ץô㣬Կòãֵųһ⡣
ððҺþûгԿˡĽϪƴĵͷ
ܹܲһæأֲʧʱҪ
ðĽϪûͣ٣ڴӦˡĽϪ˶֪ĽϪһ顣
һϴɱ㣬Ȼֶζ
ĽϪͻȻҲͦġ
ʱ⽫Ƭռ
ȰŽȥֱ֮ĽϪһۡ
һ·һæ𣿡̽Եʵ
ţ԰ĽϪͷʵôأ
ܼ򵥵ģֻҪЩϴɾⲼϾͿԡ
Ѿǰü˲ϣ˵㿪ʼĽϪʾ
ƺѣĽϪһһƬƬ˲ϡ
ðֲͣĹĽϪĽϪԽԽԽ˷ܡûһͰѲϸˡ
Ҳһ°ɡóһС
ĽϪٵ֮ĽϪõɹɹ̫
ۣƯ̫ɹ۵һ̣ɢ߲ʵĹâƯĽϪŴ͡
ӴԺĽϪϲŮ죬ҲһĽŮ֪ʶ̸ĽϪ
ףġĽϪһϼݸ̫ƽ
Ưֿɡר·ĹŮҪ̫ƽ̲ס̾
ҪҪ㸸Ҳһ·
Ҫʵ·̫ѿˣҲĽϪҡҡͷ
ԪҲЦˡ


875 

̫ƽĽϪӻо
ףʲôĽϪͣ
ĽϪǰһɫĻ⻨ܴ󣬼ô󣬶һܶ࣬
Ŷ򻨡
ʱӿٴһ㡣Ԫڲԭϰ䡣
ȥԭһƬɫ΢磬ѩѩƣ޻һڿС
һƥɫĴһԵĽǾþɳĽ
ԪĿĺܼ򵥡ѧտļ
ԣַſɡһ߹һСĸգʲôⷢ
ԶԪһƥɫĿϣĿתضյһһ
ԭǺϲ䣬ֻʼҴͳӶҪѧ䡣
սָտķſ˫ȥƥ
ԣɣһ¸ս˵Ҳ¶Цݡ
䣬˼ѧﻹǣؼҪ䣬Ҫ׼
ڽҪ¡տʼĿһֻзϵСӡ
СѾˡżܱĴ£ܲ
նԣĿǱȽϺϰġ
ס֮Ľͷ׼Сӡ
µƺҲ֪յĶϵķ˽Ų
ಡһɿָɵСȥ
СӺܣû£һغ˵ϡ
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ţĵ˵ͷ
һ̿ʼƺЩΪʲôԪһҪԼѧ䡣ϰ֮һЩɡ
ʱ򽫾ҲСӻ¹
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ΪѵԪһڲԭ϶ȹ˴¡
ÿһ춼Ԫ϶Ѿĥ˼ӡ
УնҸӻ£صĲӡ
βԣҪ¹ٶȣɲϺȡ
˹ХһƺڶӦ
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ֻһͷ¹ڲݵϿٵתתȻѾЩƣ룬ɵյ䣬С¹ƴҪѡ
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ٵĸС¹С¹һƬݴ
Ƭݴ̫ߣС¹һӾʧˡ
żˡ
ۿҪˡ
ʱվԶһСɽϵԪһп
ҰǷų
ǡ
û˸Ҷ˵֣ıԪѾܶ飬Ϊľǳǿ̼տٳ
ߡѰʱҰҲ
ܵŵС¹ͻȻӲݴһԾ˷ƵȥС¹嶼¶յǰ
Ѿֿɵãûϳ֡ĸһʱ䡣
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Ȼոջ£ҰǾͳˡ
ֻһΣûлšٵĵ֮սͷ׼Ұǡ
ءһңյ¶Цݡ
һСյѾﵽһء
ѧÿģĽϪҲʾ
ѧ˲廭֮ĽϪֿʼѧϰȾ
ԭĽϪǲ֪ӡȾģֻһпˣӴ˱һʰ
ŪġŮһʾ
û¡Ūϴϴ͸ɾˡĽϪһɵ˵
ȾʵнɫвͻҪӡ
ĽϪ䣬ŲڹصŪڡΪȾɫӾȣĽϪҪʱʱķһ¹Ĳ顣
ʱڣⲼڿԳˡ
ڹŮİ¡ĽϪһ͸ɡ
ɫƯĽϪһɫĲ˵
ɱĺÿˡŮ̲ס̾
ҵգɲǱܱȵġĽϪԵúǵ⡣
ʱ̫ƽˡ
ĽϪ̫ƽҪ̫ƽ·
ףϲʲôӵģҸĽϪһʵ
ţ׶ϲġ̫ƽĽϪͷ
УһҪѡһʽҪҪѪġ̫ƽġ
ĽϪĥӲ£̫ƽմӦĽϪԼȹ
Ŀ꣬ĽϪǷʳϿʼ֡
ӲüƣΪȹϵĴ壬ҲĽϪġ
ĽϪȹӵݸ̫ƽʱ̫ƽһ
Ưĺÿ
ȻĶ϶ÿĽϪͷ


876 ĽϪ

ĽϪˣһƯĴˡӻƤ
̫ƽĽϪܾÿʱԼȻڣ̫ƽǺġ
ϷһȺ񣬻죬ƺûмģһ紵Ⱥٷ𡣾һƬʱȼ
ʱԪЦǵĽϪɱԶˡ飬ϲоҽĽϪȴϲĽϪֻϲܺ׽Ū̫࣬һ㶼ŮӣһҲϽʱҸ˹ܹˡ
Ҹ˹ܹϵ˼ǸҸ𣿡̫ƽһɫı£һɫˮȹһ
ȻˣȻ˵ĽϪ仹Сȶ鰡ֲϼ޹ȥ֪ϼ޹ȥҲǲõģĽϪСްԪЦ
ŵ㡣ʵҾǾͺãһҪ徭ҽ̫ƽЦУĸĽϪأ
Ѿ̫оһʵѡ޲οοԪЦ
̫ƽùһſһŸ֣Ҳʲôֻܿǣõֲһ˾Ǻõġ
˵Ҫôѡźأ
檿ԡ̫ƽ
ԣ֪ĻΪǱءԪЦ
ǱףֻҪҪΪˡ̫ƽҡҡͷ˵ʤΪȻҪкüֱԣбȲòģб书ģбԸġ
渴ӣÿ졣ԪЦ
ĽϪֲϡֲǼ޲ȥƾʲôѽʱ׸һªģǰװʧȥһֺԵ̫ƽԪһۡ
úúã̫ƽ˵㣬˵㡣ԪϡͶ
̫ƽȥĽϪ
԰һʯʣʯĥģǳĹ⻬·紵ܵģҲ˿ûӰϵ·
Ϊ̫ƽһֱǱȽϿģüȻǻ£ȻҪŮͬ⣬̫ƽֵ̬̽ĽϪ˵˱¡
˭֪ĽϪȴ˵ĸҲϲӡ
Ϊʲôѵ㲻һõġαסƷòš¶ȣһ˹ֵġ̫ƽ֪ĽϪǸòЭġ
ôò˰Ҹ֮ûи飬ҲҸģ񸸻ʺĸڳ֮ǰ;빲ż᲻ɴݣ֮ܵϣ֮ͬáĽϪĽ˵
̫ˡĸ㸸ǱƲѣҪȻҲҪʵäƼ޵ġǹȻҲȫäˡȥԵҲԿģǿ˳ۣʱڼֱСԼȥˡ̫ƽ渵Ȱ
ĸŮǼ죬òãĽϪû취
̫ƽߺĽϪæȥգ̫ӵܵܣ죬ةû
ԭҢҲǽ̵յ̫֮һ
ˣҵĿҵѾѧˡةҪˡһ֣һ˵
ĽϪˣô˵أһ̾ˡȻҢѾʰҪˡ
ĽϪȰЦôܵôأ
˵ҪˣҪϵӣϵӳ̫ˡժòãĽϪԴ˵
ةЦأҰɡ
áĽϪҢ֣¡
Ң˫һžͷժӵݸĽϪ
ĽϪԵúܿģة࣬Ҳҧһںòãġ
úúáҢĽϪŮһ谮
ΪҪ̵գҢĽϪǾġ
졣ĽϪιҢһڡ
ӵ֭ҺҢ·ϣĽϪˣæɾ
ˣҲˣҪˡҢЦ֪ΪʲôĽϪһҢǷǳ֡
ٶһҪҽ¡ĽϪˡ
ɡҢЦ
죬ˡĽϪˣ֪֪ĸѾȥѡˡ
ŶҪѡˣǹϲѽҢЦ
ҲҪֻÿҽ£ҲӳԡĽϪˡ
ǹҪġҢһôˣ
ΪʲôΪʲôһҪĽϪ
ŮӴҪ˵νд󵱻Ů󵱼ޡҢ͵
ةˣˣΪʲôûȢأĽϪʵ
Ңɫһ࣬סˡ
ΪʲôôûȢӣΪһֱסһˣǸ˾ĽϪĸ̫ƽ
ʵҲ֪Ϊһֱϲĸǲǣ㰮һӣȢǲأĽϪ⣬ԽԽ


877 İ

ŮӼңЩʲôʱˣҪˡǣҢֱЩ⡣
ҼǵСʱ㶼ҵģôأһֶԸˡĽϪί˵
ΪٲСʱСˣѾˣôܻСʱıأҢ̾˿˵
ΪʲôΪʲôҳͲٱңĽϪ
ΪŮбѽôΪôС¾ͿأҢԽԽ˽ĽϪˡ
С£Ǻܴܴ顣ôҳȻԱأĽϪĨ۾˵
˵㳤ˣܱľֻүˡҢؿĽϪ˵
ǲǣҵͿԼˣĽϪһ
ҢһĻɲ˵ġ
ʲôģˣѵ㲻֪Һϲ㣬ҺϲѽĽϪ¸ҵ˵˳ứǺˣĴϺ
Ң˼ʹѽʹѽ
ĽϪץסҢ˵Ϊʲôѵϲ㺦ˣأҾô𣿡
ǵģҲû㣬ֻǡֻôϲأôϲأҢãȻʧطſĽϪ֡
Ϊʲôϲأ㲢ûл䣬д󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣǺܺѽҴС㻹ҵģһֱȥġΪǳҸ⣬1ҵˣĽϪ˵
֪˵Щʲô㲻Ҫ˵ˣҪҿЦˣҪˣǡҢһˡ
㲻Ҫѽ㲻ҪѽҲġĽϪܹ̫ƽ˵ĸŮԸһ𣿡
ŶĽϪǲͨˣӦˣ̫ƽ΢Ц
ĸŮѾϲˣֱӰ͸Ůˣסô鷳ʲôĽϪ˵ֱӡ
̫ƽϲŶ㿴ļҹˣĸĸοһ¡
ҰҢĽϪ۾˵
̫ƽһ˵ʲô
ҰҢҪҢҵĸȫĽϪ˵˼
ֱǺ֡仰ǡ߽ԪҲˡŭҢˣôܹأ
ΪʲôûȢޣûмˣǵة࣬۵λҲҵġĽϪǳĵ˵
ĽϪ˺ܶѽ̫ƽˡ
ʹôʹѵֻŮʹҲ޵ѽֻҪþͿԡĽϪ졣
˼˵ҢãˣԪˣսȭͷ
ǵûС֪֮ǰϲĸ󣬵ЩꡣһǽϲˣΪҳøĸÿοҵʱ򶼻죬ָ֪齥תƵˡĽϪ㽵ЦҲϲңԼ֪֪ģһиоġ
ҢĸõĻ޵ҪڸʲôƭģҪ޶ةࡣ̵̫Ӹͽ˹ģة𣿡Ԫŭ
ǵģʣˡǸ˾ӣûж˵ʲôǡŮϲŮ˾ǷޡʣĸҲమ߹ģҲ˷ǣôֵҾͲأĽϪˡ
ĽϪôСֶʲôأһһʱ嶯ǻ¾ҪġҢĲʡ̫ƽȰ
ĸҲһʱ嶯ǿǵҾҪ޸Ң˭ޣôǺأĽϪίʵ
˵ˣ޲Ӧġ䶼ǸʵģƷ¾ѵĹӣΪʲôƫƫҪѡһأ㲻±Ц޻±ЦءԪȥ
ĽϪĸһҪӦңһҪӦҡ
̫ƽ̾˿˵ĽϪ㸸Բ޵˵ˣҢҲģΪҪ㣬Ҫźܴѹҡ
أĸǲһӦĽϪƺϣ
ĽϪҢԸĸ˾ӣģǼةҲʹǹˣɣ㶼ãڻᣬġ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ҲҲĽϪת˳ȥ
ĽϪ̫ƽ̾˿
ڶ죬Ң̵̫ˡ


878 Ϊζ

ȻĽϪԼıףҢǳ֣ټĽϪҲĪһҹû˯
ջش˼⣬ȴҢڷʦҢûлش
ɵվʦôˣ
ҢȻڸ棬һϵ鶼˵ˡ
ûʲô̫ӣ㽲úܺáû˯ãԲ𡣡Ңŵ˵
ûϵʦҪǾ̫ۣǽԾˡշǳ˵
á̫ӣúҵȻȥϢˡҢʼʰ鱾
ʦ㲻ҽҽ˵ˣЩ춹ҪùԡպȻҴһ¡
ˣѾԵúܱˣ԰ɡҢżˣҴҵˣ鱾˴ˡ
ûãĽϪź춹ˣ̫ӵܵܣô˾أ
˵ߵر𼱣ôȰȰסѽҸҪģ⻰֮鱾˴ˡ
鱾˴һġ컹ˡĽϪ˵
ҪӰѧˣý㣬㾿ʲôѽ˺춹Բ꣬Ѻ춹ϾˣαÿζҪ͹أվּˣôô
У͹ҲģԼġϣʦԳԵҵζҲΪ밡ϣһ֪ʶ㡣ĽϪؽ͵
Ϊԭĺˣ˲ˣѾˣΪ㲻춹Ͳҡջɵ˵
˭˵ģҢôŬ㣬Ϊĸ󣬲Ϊ㡣ĽϪȻˡ
˵ʲôˡý㣿˹ȥϲĸ󣬵Ƕʮǰˣĸһ֮˾Ͱ˼ˡյͷ˵ˡ
㻹СֶʲôûĸĻôô궼ûȢأĽϪ˵
ҲûҴ١ǿûʵŮӣҪ̫ߡս͵
ô˵϶ҪģɸҼסˣôҪסˣˣҪȻԺҲóԵĸˡĽϪв
ðɺðɣ㣬Ƿˡʼ硣
ڶ졣ҢȻˣ治˼ûкúôڸ֪ʶҽֲ
ʦ鱾ˡЦ
û£ͷȻ顣鶼ˡҢ鱾콲ˣ
һʱҢ˸˵̫ӲˣҪˡ
ʦôһкܶⲻҪʦأʦһȰɡӲǰҢ
ǣҢҵȶҪߵʱĽϪź춹⼱ҴҵܹȴĽϪϥǶˣȹѪˮ
յôˣ
ĽϪε˵СİһˣˡˣҾͼææܹˤһӣ㲻ҪңҪġ
ҢжˣлѾԱˡ
ԱҲԵ㰡ҲĽϪһƬҪ󡣡ĽϪͰ͵Ңдί
ҢΣ˸
Ц㣬أ˶ˣ˰ѣ
ĽϪȴ󵨳ϣ˾úóԣŻ⡣
Ңæ˵л񰮣ܺóԣȷܺóԡ
ĽϪˣ컹ߵô
ҢεЦûУߵüˣе£ùЦˡ
ڸ˵ôôʲôģǰġĽϪ죬ʧˡ
˵ҺȻ˵ҪҵѧҵˣҸһҪȥˡ
̫ӣҲ˰ɡҢˡ
㲻˵ϲٳһѵһ𣿡ĽϪ
ҢһǧҪ˵
ҢǱ
ĽϪҢĿԡ
Ңˣң
˳ÿô顣ĽϪЦ˵ӡ
ҢˣĻҪ˵ˡҪȻԺҾҲܼˡ
Уϲ㣬˭Ҳֹǣѵ㲻ϲ㲻ϲңΪʲôǰôĿңĽϪ졣
ΪʱΪ̫ʺҰѹɻʺˡҢҲ¿ϲˣùˣ빫ԭ¡


879 ˮ

ô˵ûϲ𣿡ĽϪֻĶҪˣˡ
ҢͷĽϪһֱ㵱Сӣôϲأ
ҲšҲšĽϪˡ
Ң̾˿ȴ÷ǳʧ䡣
ʱ̫ƽĽϪ޵÷ǳʹ࣬ͰҢй
ĽϪС£Ҳ뿪һӡʱĽϪһеġ̫ƽݸҢ豭˵
סһʱ䣬Ҷ빬ˣʺġҢĵǺȻҢã̫ƽѾûбĸо
֪УҢ̫ƽһƬģķˣȫȫطˡ
죬ĽϪҢȴտ֪ʦˡ
岻ĸ٣ԣӶˡձ˵߿顣
ĽϪȴˣǺúݵģúݵģ
ϷˮˣԪ̫ƽĽ£ɳΪİȥܲ
ʱİպӾ꣬Ӣ˲赲
ˮ죬ûһƬũ
ˣΣգȻȥѡصĹѵ
ЩԡεģİղҪģ򣬲ԼͷϵɴñѱСҲû
ǰĵ̰ӹϵȫյİΣܲ顣İһ˵
İһͣһİβعҲѧģѧ
ˣ߹һƬƣһҪ
İվڴڣ˼˻ȻͻȻ̧ͷٵ˳ȥ
볷룬ֻҪû£պ취İվһ̨ϡ
Щ˲Ըߡ
ҿһӣҲߡһ߹ִ˵
İǰģ׽͸ǧٹֵľܾɣÿ˵ɡ
ʱȣİҲһȥ˵
ʱִ̰Ϣ
ˮʼԽ̰ӣԭͣڰߵĴҲʼˮƮò˶ã̰Ӿͻ̣ʱׯһƬ
ߣұϳ롣İռᶨ˵˭ΥͰ˭ץ
ǳʱ̡İչֳȫͬһ档
ʱ˶
жܿ쿪ʼİԵල
иж㡣ʰȽİҲ԰æһʰ
ǱҪĶͲҪˡ߻ľҲİȥҪġ
·϶ǻˮ˶һǳһŵǰߡ
Ϊ˱ҲȽˮİǰ̽·
½ŵױʯƣҲûͣ˶֮İտʼȥʡ
ȻİѾǰ׼Щÿ֪ˮá
ЩʳȻõġ
İս˶ɽϰţյġ
ߵɽʱͻȻȺ﷢һС
˶ԼͬĻͷֻǵĺˮһһ˵̰ӡ˲ͳһƬ
ҵӡʱһŮӿƲסڵϴ
Ϊˮĸȫûˡ
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աҪһ㣬ǶˡиЩµ˵
Ҷû¾ͺáɽѾǰ׼˶ʱ໥չ£һܿһεġİն˵
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ɽ·Ҳʪвܾͻɽ¡
Ҷߣİյĵĺɽ··ΪˮҲѾɿ壬СĲȱˣǷǳΣա
İյָ£˶ȫɽ
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ˮҿ·ػİҲԸµ
ʱİղŷԼĽǺɫ
ˣĽˣصĹʱŵĶİսЬһ
Ϊˮ̫ãİսϵ˿Ѿڣйɵĳζ
ȥææģ˿Լᴦİհ˰֣ߵ˶֧ˡ
ûҩģΪֹѪΪһպľ̿Ȼ󻺻ѹ˿ϡ
̡һ˿ڴ˾ʹİûз߾ʹһ׾ȥ
۵˵ϡ
İѹʱѾˡ
ˣˡһԵĹظ
ˮûУİ۵ĵһ£ǵĺˮš
ˣˣٹһʱǾͿɽˡҶǳˣˣΣ˴˰


880 İ

İںˮֵʱӾҲûš
߹⣬оεĹɧţñ߹صİǲܺúõĹӡ
ԪӾȥлȻѾѧˣһλİյһʵʲ
ǲáһ߷ߵ˵
ȥɱƬײһҲߵ˵
λĪҪҺγЩɾ£ʱδӾ˵ٹ¾Ҫ÷꼾ˣʱϪˮˮ档ǾͿԳСֱ
ԭӾѾЩ˺ܶء
ŲţѾ¡
СӾϲºĵ
ȸҲĵذѱѧСӾ
ˣӾ˵ѾȸĽӰˡ
˴ΣóȻǿ֣Ḷܶ޹ˮ·ĻɵıܹЩ塣
Ȼˮ·кܴƣǶӾľӶԣ󲿷˶ǺѼӡ˵ˣҲûˡ
Ӿص㰲Ŵѧϰˮս
տʼʱЩʿվվȡ
ȹ˰֮󣬲΢һЩЩӦõģ㱻ѡȥȷ档
ڡ÷꼾ˣ곣µ˶š
ԭϸĺûͱ˹ӡ
ȻѾܹѵļĺǱҲóȻˮ
ˡ춼Ǻľʦǿ϶˵
Ӿ߳ʣ۾˿ϵİơ
ܼž޷磬쳣ȣʲôŲҲһ
ܺãƻжӾڵȵһ졣
׼õСܿĽ˺ӵ
Ӿȷ沿СͬʱÿСһҲ
;ԲͣٶȵĵĿĵء
Ϊ˸оһֲӾѽʱȷҹºڷߡûӰӡ
ˣˢͻȻկ¥ϷһƬͨһŻ
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оʱ򹷼ǽڿʹó
ֵ⼼ܡЩֻĿɽ⡣
СģһͻȻ˹Ӿǰ
һöڴ̽˸ڡ
죬ϰҽӾԸڸߡ
ǿľ֧£Ӿȡʤ
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̫ƽˮҲֹˡ
İո̫ƽβһСӼء
ÿ̫ƽƷİնϸļ¼
ϣİջὫЩʼȻܳһϡ
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̫ƽУ֮İձ㽫Щݽӡˢ
İҪЩ˿˻ӡˢ
ΪȷһʧİŰУԡҲûäĿӡˢֻܶ࣬ȵӡһ
ⱾȻҪ̫ƽĿģֻ֮ǰİԼ鿴һ顣
ΪиӡˢЧãİص¿ӡŰֱ࣬Լ֮󣬲ŰѶ͵̫ƽϡ
̫ƽⱾˡİյ¶һ˿ڴ
ţһȰɡ̫ƽæŸһ˿۶ûһۡ
İȻЩɥǺĵĵһԡ
ⲡһŮӡŹʣһļͥ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭŮһֱؽա۵ܲˡ
̫ƽ֮󣬱İȥæȡ롣
İûгɣСŽ˹
̫ƽŮӵϣȡѨ롣
һ֮Ůӽյüëչ˿
æɡ̫ƽתİ˵
İһĵɴ۾ȴû˵ʲô
֮ǰһʱ˵̫֮ƽת뿪ˡ
ǰŮӣİͻȻӿ졣ҲЩ㡣
ŮǴŮİյŵԡ
ʵ̫ƽǣϾİѾ˶֮ꡣ
д󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޡ
̫ƽİյĸ׵ĲܲΪİղġ
ʲôҽİµ˵
Ҳ۵ŮӲûдİա
ûãŮͻȻɫһˢס


881 

졣Ūһ£۵ܲˡŮʹĺ
İվǱһºһײײŮӵߡ
ȵѧķİĿʼתת롣
ôõûУİЩûеʵ
ţлл㡣Ů΢΢һ
İͻȻһ
İʱʱذŮӲһ룬ż͵͵һŮӡ
лл㡣Ů뿪ʱ򣬶İ΢΢˸
һ죬ŮֹˡΪŮӵļҪڵơ
һΡŮӺİնϤˣƵʱİպŮҲ˼򵥵Ľ
ŮƺҲѾϿİյơڽļΣŮӶֱҵİգûȥ̫ƽ
ҲβĹУվ飬齥¡
ڣİ̫ƽӭȢŮ
̫ƽȻּɡ
һߣΪɳıɹӾƤֺ
ǰʱȣӾֽʵ˺ܶࡣ
ΪзӾĲ״̬ãҲʮֵˬ
ӾҲǷǳļ򵥣ƽ˳Է˯ʱ϶䡣
ˣӾҲǽɿ졣
ѡһλΪ˲š
صؾٰһ侺ܶ˶μӡ
Ӿԭ뱨ΪӾԣκһλǿԵġ̫ƽȴӾȥ
ȥһ¡Ҳ֪ˣ졣
ҲаɡӾ̫ƽĽ顣ʱӾ֪̫ƽԼһס
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нͷλǺܶ˶Ľλá
й˵Ĳܣһʤβ˵ġ
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Ӿ֮⡣ʣµĸ˶Ѿڽϳġ
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ԭӾֻǱһԵ̬ȣڵһֲûչֵķǳ档
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˵ڶڣӾԭֻͶּ򵥹Сȴû뵽һӣǵúӾȸ£ʮֵĽ档
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ӾһշԽֱӽ͵̨ϡ
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̫ƽǳˣ˵죬İյĻ񡣼ǵμӡ
ﶼôгϢȸȻǷǳˣ̫ƽȸ÷ݯԸǾٰ˲ᡣ
ӺҲйˡ
ӺȸΪ常һģǳȸ
еŮҲˣӺŮ谮úһ㡣µˣ»ˡ
ңӺΪ˱ʾеİеŮȡΪࡣ
һˣŮܹһŮˣȡַǳŮԻ
Ǻְ̫ƽ࣬һϾйӢŮкأԺ󡣡
ȸȻЦи飬֪ԸԸ⡣ΪҲΪ׼أ
̫ƽ첲һ£ʺŮԺܲʺأ
̫ƽЦúϲ£죬Ҫյ˼Ȼĸ׵ģҲָµġֻҪϲͿԡ
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պһЦɰѽ
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̫ƽЦպĻʺòã
ȴһ˵ԵġþãôܳΪأ
̫ƽжЦ
ʱ̫ƽе˵Щ꿴˲١ӺǸ֪˵ģҲǸиġ
ЦʺҲһҸˡ
ʱŮҴҵܹ˵ˣʺʳ̫ãεˣ


882 Ϊ

Ϊ̫ƽĽϪټҢҪĽϪȥԪĴͻ飬ĽϪȻѡ˼˵ֿý;ʳ顣
ΪĽϪ˵ģСͶˣĽϪСʱҲˣҪʲô̫ƽĽϪͼҪ
˭֪ĽϪ˼
ƺں̫ƽ顣
̫ƽʱĽϪɫ԰ף촽ˡ
һĽϪܾˡ
̫ƽۼˡæΡ
ԪҲˣĽϪڴϣԲѣԪ̾˿˵̫ƽ磬ǷɣĽϪ׷ġ
̫ƽʵĽϪϲҢҢδϲĽϪҪȻҢôͲ֪أ
Ԫ̾˿˵ҢǺܰĽϪǲԽĽϪƵȥġ
̫ƽЦڿĽϪӣǿģ
ԪⲽҢҪһ
̫ƽչĽϪԪȥ鷿ټҢ
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Ҳú֣㾿ʲôܹ޵ŮĲڣԪ˵
ҢЦҲ뿪ԽԶԽáȹͻ׶õˡԲǳˡ
Ԫ̾˿˵Ҫȥ
ǹٹھˡҢ̾˿˵ǳ˹һḺģȢһ
ΪĽϪ룬ȢӰɣ㻹ϣٱϣǲǣԪ˵
治˼Ңã˵ʲôǴǳ취ѾȢˣӦûˡ
ֻ֮£ǿҵĿ顣ܣΪɱԪ̾˿˵ĽϪ˸ңҲǽ֪
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Ңԥ˵ǳ˹ԸΣ˵ˣʵʲôȤأ
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˵ƾԪӹȥһѽˣҲĽϪ㣬Ҹأ޾ǿ㡣Ȩȥ
ҢЦʰ˽ȨȥǳѡȥΪҸ
ҢѱԼĲӣҪ̹ȥȻԪѸٵϵۣ˹ȥ
ײ˱˵ϣҢûȥ
ϡҢһԪʲô
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ҢЦϡó˰ɣֻгˣҸ
ĽϪȥԪ̾˿˵Ҳʵ˽ԼŮ
ϣҢ˵ǣûбİ취Ϊʲôһԣ󷽣һɱ·ġֻһʱ벻ʱ嵭һеġ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵հհգҢ޲ٷһˣ޶ֻһҪҪĽϪ⣬ԹĽϪ
Ң󾪣ϣΰɣ
ѵ㲻𣿡Ԫû˵ôõŮװױˡ
Ǽò֪ô˵źˡϲҪ֡Ң־ϲԼӶЩġ
û¡ҢȥĽϪɡԪ̾˿˵Ҳһ⣬ⲻΥѽ
̫ƽ˵ԪѾӦҢĽϪ˵ĽϪǲҢһˣֻҪҸѹòã㲻ҪŻĸòã
ĽϪȴ˿
Ңˣμʺ¡
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ҢڴߣĽϪ˳ĽϪ۵ϣĽϪΪʲôҪΪɵ£ֵ뿪֮Լ˼죬Ҳˣ֮ϵ֮ǰһֱΪϲǻʺˣҺѾϲ㣬ֻһֱϳϰˣҰˣѾذˣѹҵӺòãϺͻʺҲᷴˣĽϪѹòã
ĽϪȻţҢ˵һУĽϪˡ
ĽϪȻ۾


883 ټ

ˡĽϪˡ
ͨϣͷףҢôġ
̫ˡҲҪΪɵˡҢЦվֵá
ҪȥĽϪ󾪣ȻʺĸѾˣΪʲô㡭
Ǻ񰮣֪䡣ȻѾȻʱҪ˵ԶԶˡ͹̫󣬳Ա빫ų뿪ɡҢװɵ˵ʵڵѪ
Ңƽ˴뱲ˣǵһΣһŮôذšңŮҲϲġ
ҢҲʵڱĽϪжˡ
ֻǣ
˶֪Ң͹䡣ţ۲ݵĻ£Ң
ټϣĽϪ̫ƽŮ
ĽϪҢһΨһĿ֡
ҲǣҢܲĿ֡
ͣôҪ𣿡ĽϪʧˡ
ǣҢȻѡ˳ڻС㳤ˣڵġ
Ҳڣºڵ㡣ĽϪˡûһˣĽϪôôؿޡ
ԸһӶʹҲԸ⿴Źڣ̣ഺҢն
ǸС㲻ԸҳףԸҸĽϪˡ
ҢȥԪǡ
̫ƽ˽ΪʲôǶˣ㻹Ҫ뿪
Բ𣬻ϣʺ֪֮䲻ϹˣһڵġҢ˵Ϊһʱ嶯˹һʵ̫˽ˡ
ǣһΣĽϪǻڵӡ̫ƽĽϪˡ
Ԫ̾˿˵Ңȷľӡѡ񡣡
ҢˣǹȥˣĽϪ죬ЦΪʲôչ黹ǲңҪģȻ㲻ģҿԵȡһʱ֤Ҷĸ飬䡣
İճˣӾȴֻܹһˡ
ӻʹӾȥ˸ĵ̣Ҫţ¾ơ
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һŮӴһɫһƤ¡
Ϊܵ÷ɿ졣ֵϵĺܶ˲ֻʶܣ׷ˤ˵ϡЩؽ̷ֵ˴Ĺ·ߡ
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ʱӾֶиѵҪ
Ӿ֮ԼĿ׷˳ȥ
쵽˸١Ůӹͣ£˩һԵϣԼڰСҪ˭ڸԼ
ӾԶԶĿڵͷԲݣµ˲򵥡
Ϊɫ磬ӾһϵŮӡ
ɡ֪ڸӾȻʵͬʱŮµҪͨŮӵݡ
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Ӿһ飬ȴûϷ̫Ϣ
û˹ƥҾͰˡӾ˵һ˵һܻһȦ
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пŮӽƥˡ
Ӿȴû˷άΰԼ岻ݴǵΣڴ޼ɵҪۡ
Ӿƥ쵽Լĵڡ
ڶһ磬Ӿ˽ƥųš
ȻƥǰߡӾĸƥƥǰ·
ǰߡ߳˶ߵĳš߽һƬɽ
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ƺϤĵ·ڴһƬС֮һƬСߡ
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ܷǳ룬ϻĺۼ
һ֪ġ
ӾһϲӦܹԼҵµŮӡ
ǰĵ·ԽԽСܵĲݴҲԽԽïʢ
תһɽͷ֮Ӿǰʱһ졣
ڲԶɽͷϡȻһɽկΪܶơһ˻Ǻѷɽկġ
ǰ档Ӿں滺ĿɽկĴš
վסģСס
ؼҵġӾ˵Ƥɡ
ʱһ˻ɽص
ҵŮʱһկӪſڡ
һ۾ͷԼ
ŮϲܳկţվӾǰ
ӾǸúȴԴӢŮӡ
Ϊʲô͵ҵԼûʲô˺Ůӵ¶ϲõЦݡ
һתӾʱϰЦ
һ磬ȴȫûʲôջ
ŮӱΪѾ⡣
ô£ȸ״ҪҰͻܼ𣿡Ӿüͷʵ
Ұҵö˶˵˩˭⿪ģŮӾܸԽһȡ


884 Ӿ

ӾףŮľȥʲô
ðɣðɡҰ㣬ܵʲôʾɡӾ´һǰŮӣͬʱҲһܵĻ
ŮϴϵȵĲϡϴžµԲһͨˡ
Ҫʲôֱ˵ˡŮһ˵һ߸Լİ
ܼ򵥡һˣȥŵǵǸӾһһ䣬˵
ʲôûɣŮӶʱɴ۾ԭΪӾҪٽǮ
硣ӽܹȥŻ˺ܶˡ
㲻ڰɣûײˡŮ˵
㲻˼ڣֱӸһӡܹ˰ɡҲЩǮȥοЩˡ
˵գŮֱһƱӾ
㻹ˣҿɲҪһǮһˡ£ӾһֻѾ˹ȥסŮӵ
ŮӾȵһӾ֡
ŮӵķӦңɽկҲ׷׸˹
裬ʲôˣһ۵ĹͷһڵĿŮӡ
Ϲ˹¡ݺݵ˵
Ҳ˭ģ㻹ŲߣСӶݺݵ˵¶һŽ
ҸѾ˵һˣȥЩյǸӾһɣһ۶ûпӡ
벻ˡȭͷͳӾ
ۿȭͷҪӾϣӾһȻһߵӵĺ󱳶ʱʹֱ
ϣһ¡ʮһѷİӾΧסˡ
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ӪɲŮ˽롣Ӿµ
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885 Ů

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һˡ迴ױЦӯӯ˹ȥ
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򵥵Ĺ֮ͨӾͰ¸ˡ
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886 Ͷʯ

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էһЩûʲôر𣬵ԶԶĿȥǱǵĲ֡
£褺ȴʱĳ졣
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887 ı

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֪ˣ֪ˣ֪ģʵǾǳһ˸ңҲܸˡ̫ƽЦúϲ£졣
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̫ƽôΪŮһĺأֻԼһˡ֮Աǡ
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Ĵ䣬ڲ͸ˡ


888 ̫Ӻ;˾

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Ϊڻᴫʹ褺㶼ûܡ


889 Ң

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ˣЩ㻹𣿡ĽϪ棬ûң
ҢͷòӱȻܶ࣬һûҡ
ǲԣѡӱܡ
ĽϪʧ˵벻õة࣬ȻǸС


890 

չˣ㣬ѵһ˻ʹ㲻ϣ߸˵뿪ҪȻԺҿɲңٽˡ
ҢĽϪȻȥΪᣬɻǵͷװû
ĽϪЦˣЩˣġĲóԣ벻Ҫ⡣
ҢʵҺϲ
˶ˡ
ĽϪװЦ˵ˣԧ˵ͻ֮áˣͬ񣬴˵ͻܽͬġˣдĪ磬˵ͻһһһ˫ˡ
ҢסˣĽϪĽϪȥˣڽ˱װ
ĽϪҢѾһУԽʱ䣬ֻʣ̹ǵ˼
㣬ЩˣҲܳԣֻ˳ԡҲжˣԶ뿪
԰΢ֻʣĽϪҢˡ
ȻԣҢҺĽϪӡ
ԳһƬģˣǣ䲻ϹѾǲ꣬ȴɣഺɰΪԼϲԲ¡ҢҲˡ
˭ܾܾ飿οԷҲ֮ˡ
ڳˣڳҲϲҵˡĽϪ˵ͬҢ
ҢһڣԵؿĽϪ˵ϡĸܾܾ˹أֻǣҲޣҲ
ΪȥΪʲôչһأĽϪ˵ʶѾˣǴΣΪһԲˣҸ
Ңͷϲϲʲôأǲܺ͹һġ
ãֻҪϲҡҲϲ㣬ǾһΪʲôһأǻʲô谭أﻹװĸס̧ͷҵ۾ңϲǲֻңĽϪִŶҡ
ֻйҢ̾˿˵ǹҳԱˣˡ
ҢתҪߣĽϪȻ˹ӱסҢ
Ңˡ㲻ҪȻô˵ȴǳʵģҢûƿĽϪֻȫһɹӿ
ҲҪ뿪ˡĽϪ˵Щұ˼û֪жʹں׼ˡҪһ˼֮𣿡
Ӧü޸һſңܹʮ꣬һԸӭȢڣѾ䲻ϹˡҢתĽϪ˵
ҾϾϣΪõˣû㣬ɶԸҹ𣿡ĽϪһ˫Ĵ۾Ңֱӣֲֻ˲ĽϪᡣ
ҪޣֵáĻҪ˵̫ˡ࿴ˣͻ֪Ҳõġ
ЩҶˣҵֻ㡣ĽϪֵ
ǻΪòĲõġһĸһһڵġҢ̾˿˵
Ҫ˵飿Ҳڵģ˵˵ȥ㻹ǵСҺڣңҪʧȥҵʹ࣬ԲԣΪʲô¸ҵƴһƴҶ⣬Ϊʲô嶯һأĽϪҢ֣Լϡ
ŮᣬҢһŸѵģʱõ
Ң뱧סĽϪɴʱ˫ִľżһشվš
ĽϪסҢҢҢǰ䡣ҢûзӦ
ůһͣĽϪסҢš
̫ƽˣҢĽϪڸʲô
ҢûƿĽϪֻε˵Բ𣬻ʺʵڿƲסԼġҰĺð룬ⱲӴûһŮˡҲҹȥǰ㣬ֻǵ˼ˡҿ̹ģǣơ
ԣôƸѽȴڴ֮ͥ£в֮ʲô㵱Ůʲô̫ƽˡ
ҿĿ𣿡ҢΪԼˡ
Ҳܣ㶼ˣ븺𡣡ĽϪ˵ˣҢȻ̫ƽϰĽϪ
áȥ׼Ƹ񡣡Ңϲ
ĽϪͿʼԼԼƼˡ
ĽϪ߻ãɻԸҢһ˫ЬȻʵ̫ѶˣͽŮˡ
Ңǲġ
ǰһ죬̫ƽԸĽϪͷŮĺڷ̫ƽָƣ̫ƽ񿴵˵Լ
޹ȥ֮󣬾ԼǹֺҢгԱ򵥣㵹ǲܹ֮ˣһҪסú÷̷Ȼǹͷ̫ƽĳԣҪһĸ


891 

֪ˡĽϪžԼ˽ЦˣŮֲСӣĸ׵ʲôѽ
׾ͺã׾ͺá̫ƽظĽϪ϶׹
ĸѵҢ۸Ů𣿲ģҢʲôҵġҲȥ۸ˡĽϪŵ˵
˵ҲǡҢǾӣǻᱻ۸ġ̫ƽЦ
ߣĸոջ˵ءĽϪҲЦˡ
ĸŮЦöܿġ
ʱ̫ƽԸĽϪ˺ͷ
ԪҲˣ̫ƽվţһĿĽϪޡ
Ңˡ
һ¡ͷȥޱȣ˻ҪӢ֡
ԪҲסͷҢ޵ĽϪġ
ֹ䣬ҿǻ֮ϡҺûаԧ졣̫ƽȻ˵
ҢԪ̫ƽ˰ݣʹĽϪˡ
ޣȻҪһȦģʮױʢѣðǷ׷Χ̾
ҢҲԵ÷׿ԽϣϹЦݡ
ܶŮ˿ҢҲ֮⡣
ֻҢѾǹķˡ
֮ǰ˳Ц۹ⲻãô˸ϵģҢͶԪôˡ
ڴҲ̾Ңʮ꣬ҲǻŮϲġ
ƺƵڵҡ
ĽϪ˷Ŵӽ߳
ҢǰӹĽϪ֡
˫ֽһͬе
ĽϪֻãͰԼҢˡ
˴ãȻһӡҢæ֣ĽϪҢ
һأݸã޶԰ݡ
ǽ֮ĽϪȱͽ·
ҹֻյûȣҢҿ˺ͷ
ĽϪþͺһ仨ҢĽϪҲо̫ƽ
ĽϪĽϪǶһ޶ġ
Ӻƣ˵𣿡ҢȻʡ
ĽϪ죬һ룬룬ôأ
Ҳ᲻룬һģֻҪˡҢ˾Ʊ
˺˺ɰơ
ҲҪġֻҢͿˡĽϪ˵
˽ӵԲӵĴϡ
һҹǿոá
̫ƽԪҲӵߣĽϪˣһ׮Ը˶ˡ
糱ˮһ
á
˽ס¶

ƺһжƽ˾ƺѾ̫ƽ
һжƽ˾ʱʵڲزΰӿ
̫ƽôҲ벻ٰ̫࣬ǰĸԼ
ͺԪ̫ƽһ
ֻǣԪڰ
죬ƼʽΪ»ʵǻѾܶˡ̫ƽ˳ǾĹ͡
˵ˡļһֱдͳԪӦˣ̫ƽġΪ̫ƽѾˣв㡣̫ƽȴִҪԪһȥ
ǣһ˾ԡ£ǰɽ졣
һж˳ǺȻ꣬ʽֻжϡ
ɽϸ䣬̫ƽУԪ飬̫ƽɽһиôôĵطιûʲô׼ʵǲô㡣
̫ƽҲͬˣǶԲˣ֪Ͳˡ
ǷޣʲôöԲģɽɣԪˡ
ˣϡԼߡ̫ƽǳǳһЦ
ʲôﻹ޵ĺӣôܷһأԪҡҡͷ۾ﶼǳ硣
̫ƽЦɽɽģ˼ͲˡǼ󳼶ϹŶŵĺܣʱԡʱ£ʱ죬صġ
޲ǻʵۡԪ˵֮һҪɽ
ðɡ̫ƽЦôˣȥʰһ¡
һʱ̫ƽʰˡ
ǸԼʰʵʰԪ·ȻйԢ׼Ĳ֣̫ƽʰŷġ
ްǵҪϣʱġ̫ƽĵ˵
̫ƽԪȻס̫ƽ֣ɫҶϣɽϺһ
ճɲˣѻλգǾͿӵɽϿˡ̫ƽЦſο
ҶϣǾȥҺȻԤУڲԺ¾ûˡԪüëúܿ졣
ģ磬ǿһôãֻǷֿһСѡǲϷ翴ˣûôҵģǻԶһġ̫ƽԪüë
ʱ𣬹ϡһС¼š
Ԫ̫ƽҲûӣΪܶʱ⣬һһɽ
Сĵ㡣Ԫ̫ƽ


892 

ɽ·ߣοôڵҹô죬ô͵ɽ·
СĲȻ¾ͻһͬɽȥǡ
̫ƽ𣿡Ԫס̫ƽ
ڣҲ֪ʲôк¡̫ƽԪĺϡ
ֻһůᣬԪ̧ͷ˵ƺҲΪǶͣס
̫ƽͷ硣ɽϿ벻֮
ҪϧЩõĶһӵһξ͹ˡԪ̾
Ƕ˲ٳƺϺͻʺ󣬶ǰƺ⡣
һ硱ĨΡ
̫ƽȻŵһѪζ磬Σա
ԪҲͣסˡ
硣̫ƽ˵
Ԫ̫ƽһҪסܷʲôҪңһ·ܣҵ㰮Ǹ˵ġ
ǲҪƴˣǶ߲ˡ߳˺ȵҲֻǷɱˡ
ԪЦܷ˭ޡ
һ³˳¹̫ƽķ
̫
̫ƽЦ㲻Ϊ£ԺˣӴСǻʹġ
ûжӣȻСģ϶ף׵˲ҵˣҲҪҲա񣬼ֱ
ӡ̫ƽһ
ôҪǲҪЦ̫ƽͷˣҶתҵעرƻ֪Ҳһס
Ԫŭ㲻Ҫ޵̫ƽ
㶼ѱˣԪΪ㻹ܱ̫ƽ𣿡ЦΪֻ⼸ɱ𣿡
ʲô¾ʹ⼸ɱָҵĻ¡Ԫ˵
Ȼ⼸ɱ֣ﴦ鼰ŻأȻΪʲôʱأЦԪգڡ
䣬ݡ
Ԫ̫ƽת
ܿأϡһˡ
Ԫֻܲͣش̫ƽڿзɣΪĴݣ޴š
ǣﲻƽأɽְ
Ԫ֧ˣȥԪ̫ƽѽ
ô죿ô죿
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ļɱҲǺǵģȻץס̫ƽ
Ԫ̫ƽҵ㲻ң̫ƽСѱʤȯյ˵
Ԫһɱ˵⼸˺ɵӣ˭ɱ̫ƽ˽죬ܹҪһͨ𣿡
ɱԥˡ
̫ƽ˵ǲɱǮġǶǮҸ˫Ǯ
ЦǲҪôɵǶذӶˣԪѵĻӲŹˡѵ˵㻰𣿡
ɱǰذ׵̫ƽϣߣǷŹǣŶûУ
ԪȻؿ̫ƽ˵Բ̫ƽ˵ҪɽˮҪռλɽ䣬ҪͷϡǣҿˣҪʳˡ
̫ƽͷȻвõԤС磬˵ʲô㾿ʲô
̫ƽҵһҸֵӡǸ֪మءֻǿϧˣȴܹһ治Ӧ㲻ҪͺˡԪˡ
磬Ϊ˵ЩӦңҪɵºòã̫ƽҲˣҲҪɵ¡
ô͵ˡԪЦ
ûµ飬Ժɣỹܶء̫ƽʵ
̫ƽסչ˺ԼǵĺӣԪ˵ꡣȻɳɵ˽ٳ̫ƽɱֵĲϡ
ϣڴһûӦʱذװѱɱǶɱˡʱ̫ƽ˹
ԪѸ˹ȥס˫˫һ䵽¡
磡̫ƽƴȥץǣץסģȴǿ
ϣֻĺ磬տҲ
Χʬ壬ǣԪˡ
Ԫֱֱ¡Ϊ˾̫ƽ
޴ʹͷ̫ƽˣѾˣҲƴղˡ
磬Ϊôɵᣬ˲ס۾̫ƽʹû˹ȥ
˺ܾã̫ƽѡ
ߣԪĻ̫ƽչ˺Լչ˺ǵĺӡ
̫ƽﻹкӣ΢̥һһġ


893 ¾ǻ

ȻѾˣҲˣ̫ƽǣǿվ
Ϊ̫ƽкӡ
˸֦ȣ̫ƽһɽ
Ǻڵģġһƺߡ
ɾ춼ڱ̫ƽΪڵҹߵɽϣȻûҰϮ̫ƽֻҹûС
̫ƽɽµʱѾˡ
磬ϧûܺһ𿴡ĵһƳء̫ƽЦٴι¡
̫ƽԼȥȥĶҲȥˣֻԾˡ
ΪԾĽѡ
ܿ죬̫ƽţͼ
̫ƽǮţá
Żûţ˵˸ͷңŮˣԳƻʺ̫ƽЦͣ
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̫ƽȴյͷͣظ˵գ㳤ˣҪˡ
ĸôˣһȥ̫ҽ
ٺõ̫ҽҲˡ̫ƽ˫ĿͣҲֲ֧סȥ
ĸĸ󣡡պܾ棬æ̫ҽ
̫ҽˣ̫ƽû£ֻƣȰˡ
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һûаĸˡҸûг֡ûڼǸȥأ
⣬ֻ̫ƽ֪ˡǣ̫ƽȴԲѡ
պżɳȥ顣
ȥˣ̫ƽǳǳĺպܲƺ̫ƽĺʱϵ̫ƽʱƵġ
պ¼ˣΣյ¡Խ£Ԫڣ̫ƽڣĸĸ󶼡
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Ҳڰɽҵһһơ
ƣҲԪŵġ
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ʬҵˡ
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ҢĽϪӾİնˣʺҪڰ
û¡̫ӻСֲ֧סҪַ̫ƽ˵ͿԲֹ
˳ϵѸɣ̫ƽ˵ĸ󣬾ԲṼ֮飬øʸҵĽɽ
ãá̫ƽοһЦ
ʮλ۵ӣԪ
̫ƽգԪʵЩҹҹ̫ƽҹû˼Ԫ
ǣԪأ
̫ƽ˵²ûҵԪʬ塣
Ȼôߵĵطˤ϶·һ
̫ƽǱãϣԪһĳһ䡣
褺ҢգѲľɨ塣
ֻعƽ
̫ƽؽۡ
չȥʵԪۣԹҲǶġˣ̫ƽָ£պܿˡ
ã̫ƽͷնˣϣ̫ƽģһۣ̫ƽԼ󶼲Ҫˡ


894 Ϊ̫

ֻرѵģԼ̫ƽ
Ȼʱ̫ƽ岻Ң褺㣬Ϊָ㡣
ճɳúܿ죬ûãܶһˡ
Ȼտʼһϵеĸĸ
ΪԪĹ֮ͦġ˶նԣ߰յ
νˮۣܸۡշǳ򱳹ϵŹҴ
õȶıðհҵ
յǻ֮󣬱صֱ߷
ԭѸľ棬ǺϳȸĽ飬ȹ˴ı߷
Ϊ˱ʾԱ߹صӣ״ӹﲦʮӣר߷Ľʿˡ
ֳһµߡǴӱ߷ʿģֱһ;Ҳ˸һЩ
߹߷˲źܿӿֳ
ΪҲںƽսĻᣬǺܶ࣬Щ߷ĽʿǳճѲ֮⣬ıǱ߹ص
ͬĵطвͬĵͬĵҲвͬá
λôɽֵشʿǱɽΪȻϣɽĶ޽ǽ
ģ棬޷ÿһƬֻһЩؼλ
ҪЩǽͰǴ󹤳̣ӵĲҪλͶİȴǲٵġҪûк֮ǵر߹أЩḶ́͵ðٺǵļ
ʵиοӪררܣž߹ؽʿ̰īǰӶڸõĵطοͶ
ΪЩ߷ʿǿ԰ջɵصĹԱǺЩʿǵļҾ졣
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лвӳʱ䣬Ϳи롣
ȶı߷ձ㽫ʱưյ
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ķΧǶԸѿʱ
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֮ԽЩ󳼽йҪҪЩ󳼡Ƿʵ顣
ǼǶһһ䣬˵˵ȥӲûᵽľԭ
պʧ֮󣬱⼸󳼸ְˡ
Ϊ˾콫ɳסն˾ڵĽѻʹһЩԹȥ
ͬʱջ°ʥּԱİղ뵽ֲĹ
ڴҵЭ£ʳߵĳǽ⣬ʱ˺ܶľ
ľĳ֣ɳҲԺתˡ
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˵յġֻҪڰյ飬Ƕȫֵ֧ģ
Ժ̫ƽյʶһ㡣
ƽ̫ƽʱǳԣżҲϲŮ졣
ճţ̫ƽһҸմߡ
̫ƽ㡢˽ǡζӵȶ
ЩҩģߴԺܺõɢһЩ
رվڽͷ߶Ҿһܺõá
ͬʱΪܺձֹͨ˳̫ƽ̫ҲĶܶྭ飬ر顣


895 С

׵ģ̫ƽҲǴ󷽷óͱۡ
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ö̫֮Ҳ˲ι֪ʶ
Ҳ֪
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ԴӵǻռһĶ˹ϡ
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ϣ㼯˴ȫռ⡣
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ЩرҪۣᱻ糯ʱ򣬺ʹصۡ
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鷿մһȻɫ·
һԵĵоƮһ⡣
ϣôһĵо̫ƽˣùŮȥˡ
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ǰԸϰģҲϢ°ɡ˵š̫ƽһɫչ޷յǰ
лĸ󡣡æӹЦŵͷȻ󽫱Ǵ򿪡
ʱһ
ã̫ƽޱȵ㡣
ʱ˱۵ݸ̫ƽĸԿ
̫ƽ˫ֽ˹
̫ƽףԼ
̫ƽĿһ顣˼Ƭ֮ظһ飬СĽ۷
ţĸѾԼ뷨ˡպڴ̧ͷǹ΢Ц
ϣðһϵѡ̫ƽ˵
ԭ߹صĽʿдһš
ѡԭĽ졣
һŴڿʵ˲ɡ˲á
̫ƽȥ֣һΣ̫ƽȴ֣ϲģɸȥҪȵ˱߹أֻҪ·ЩݶԸ̬ȣ֪⽫쵽Ƿġ
գȡ̫ƽĽ飬ɳһûоὫԼǰȥӲ졣
Ȼһ̫ƽԤϵģὫûеõӦõء
Ľʿæռȷ淴֤ݡ
ƾЩ֤ݣ⽫졣
ġ͢£֪̫ƽ볯飬׷׸սɡҪվܾ̫ƽۡ
ûЩ󳼵Ľ飬տڳ͢յġӦñɵġ̫ƽĽǳпмֵǲԲ
̫ƽ˵鷿ͨЩĵĹȥ
鷿͸һɳƵϢ
ڳǰǶɽߵۡ
ǼʹˣٶȻǺ
Ϊкܶ۵ԭ򶼺ܸӣղһжϡ
ʲôôգ̫ƽܲ죬վȻûзԼˡ
͵̫ƽʶվ
ĸôˣտ첽ߵ̫ƽĸǰ
˵æⶼʱˣô̫ƽɫʵ
ȷЩΪ²͡һʱҲû̫õİ취ЩĬص
״̬̫ƽߵĹŮȥ׼Щġ
Ϣһ°ɡĸú죬һЩǸ֣һֱϢأ˵̫ƽȥ׼õβ;ߡ
ûоܾ̫ƽİһԡ
ûãŮǶһЩġ
һԼСʱ򰮳ԵĶЩѾܾúܾûгԵˡ
лĸĸˡյ΢΢¶òЦݣֻЦݿЩƣ
һģҪ̫ӣʱʼľõġ̫ƽĳ˵
Ͼǻл
ĸϲһأ̫ƽ΢Цʵ
ԥһ£Ȼָͷ򵥵̶档
ԡ̫ƽԵЩȻҳԹָܶ㣬ϲĻ̶⡣
̫ƽһգȻ˵ιСʣɲŻкý
£ͻȻǰһлĸѡ
ûж˵ʲô̫ƽҲûжԡ
ܵĿѾ˺ܶ࣬еζʱȴ˳ɶѵĹġ
ʵպЩܶ඼̸⣬࿴һǶ˷һӡ


896 Ƿ

Թ̫֮ƽ׼뿪
ĸ㡣ҲվͷҲصغ̫ƽһ߳š
Ϻ˵Ĺġ
ڶ죬ձҪһЩ鷿Ȼɶ˹ģһȴѸٵضˡ
ֻΪ̫ƽһ仰յ״̬һˡ
ĸͬţײײع
ա΢˽ʱԽԽ࣬Щǳ
⾩ǵطǺܴ˶ӡ
յлһЩˡΪ˼ǿǵΰվԳŽйܿأ涨ÿֻ˵Ľ
ÿһ˲ظĽ
淢ʱڵķǳҡ
Щ̷Ҫ췴
յ̬ҲʮֵļɱȥЩ˸ѹˡ
һʱ䣬˶˼ɢûȥ⡣
Ϣ̫ƽĶ䡣̫ƽüͷһ塣
һ磬֪ں԰ɢ̫ƽùŮԼҲ˹ȥװǺһż
յˮǺʡ̫ƽֻҧһڣϵѩ˻ȥ
̫ΪˮЩ̷첻ܽˡЩˮȷûôʡŮ
ϣΪأ̫ƽװһ䡣
ˮеĳԾͲˣֲõġȻԼľ¹ҪԱṹӦԽԽáþǾͲҪ̫ˡ
ô˵̫ƽ֪ѾԼ⣬Ȱ˵Ѿ̫ˡ
̫ƽ֪յʩչȥ⾩ǺܿͻᲡʱҪٻָͲˡ
֪պϲǺ«Դ˻֮վʹûлǺ«
ҽȥڽϹ䡣֪Ƿп㰧һߡ̫ƽ롣
ĸ룬ҲӡЦ˵
̫ƽʵȥ䣬յȥʵصĿһ¡Ϊʱնǽ»ʳڻʹû̫ᡣ
˽Ͽ·ӡҲЩ⡣
ǰ·ԿɶͷܶŵĵطûУʵʩûã仯Ѿǳˣܶ˶Ѿûˡ
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á̫ȥ
ǵã̫ʱȴֿտա
ϡǺ«ƺѾˡһûҵ
£üͷһ塣
һľȻһͨ򵥵Ǻ«ҲҪ֪Ǻ«ƽʳһСС̫ү򵽶Ǻ«
ȻûǾ˰ɣҲˣҪȥˡ˵ɣ̫ƽϵӳֳһƣӡ
֪̫ƽƢϰ̫ƽص޹
һεʵ졣յ˺ܴĲ
ڶ죬֪鷿￴飬̫ƽùŮһǺ«ȥա
ˣЩǺ«ζԳһ̫ƽ˵
ûų⣬Եһҧһ¡
ôǿģͻȻͣæĶ˳
룬Щϳȥ˵̫ƽȴ˵Щ˶СһӣЩСڷԡǵ·סˣ֪ôȥҵȻûũҵҪȴܴãɲѽ
ճ£ЩտյĽϣƺҲ֪ԼǰߵĲ֮
صڣһ˼ǰߣȻǺõģȷҵ˺
ףʱڰյܵǳӰ졣
̫ƽûǿӲȥ˵գԼȥͨı䡣
ӡ
ܿ죬µʥּ˶ɳǽˡ
̫ƽصֳ˹ӽϲԵǺ«
лĸ󣡡տǺ«ʱ򣬶ʱͷһů⡣
Σ̫ƽǰվһӣһϲǺ«ĺӡ
ڲӰǰ£Ϊ˼ǿǵİȫԽС
ΪܺãһʱڵжǼˡ
һϵеϸɸѡ֮ѡ˶ʮˡ
Щˣպӡ
ɳ褺ȥЩѵ
ڵĹغע
ʱ̫ƽˡ
褺ڽΣͣ½Ųһ褺㽲εݡ
ϣԺܹ׼ʱ°ࡣڽӰʱһҪ褺˵
ą̇̄µͬĻӦ


897 ©

Ϊ˼ǿϰʱ䣬ֹͱġ褺ͻȻͣһ¡һҷģһϿˡ
̫ƽЦŵͷ¿Ըһˡ
պܿΪȫעġľͻɢעܶΣյϢ
ʱ褺Ҳע⵽̫ƽˡֻ褺ûͣЩѵ
ѵ̫֮ƽҵա
Ҹղ˾˽Щƺܽš̫ƽһһ䡣ʵЩôߵҪⲻһкõı֡
̫ƽźõ״̬ŻкõĹ֡
ֻһζҪһζĴѹǱֳĶǱġ
޶ֻһҪ󣬾Ҫʱ̱־裬Ĵ㡣ս͵ⶼãǾͲʺݹ
ձֵЩţȵ£Щꡣ
һ죬鷿￴ʱͻȻйҺӱ˳
ʱԭƵֽϵʺѪҺ
նʱһϰͷ̧
һ̫࿴ˣϽҽ˹
֮ʱֹס˱Ѫ
ֻγѪ˶硣
ԭúõ塣ȻȺγ⡣
һʱ䣬ûȥˡ
̫ƽ֪յҲʮֵżϺ͹Ůҩȥ
ϣ壬Σ̫ƽյߡһ߰һʵ
һЩˣлĸġЦŵͷ
̫ƽϷ֣յȻ󣬼ࡣ
ĸŵѪɡ̫ƽ˵֮㽫ȡ׼յĶ䡣
ֻһյĶðѪ
Ѫɫʮʺ졣
Ƭ֮ࡣԾйڵ塣
йյ۾˲Ҳûôʹˡ
ˣϢͿ´ˡ̫ƽĽ
һջ
֮ⷬ˵״̬˺ܶࡣ
ĸ󡣡Ц˳˳̫̫ƽһ
ʹ͸ĸģĸҪ
̫ƽȻʲôȱ⽫յ
ļְ̫ƽķӡķ˼ա
ͷͷʹˣ˯߶˺ܶࡣ
ΪˡջרЩҽǶ̫ƽ̫ƽõľѧ
̫ƽҲģͽ޼Ӧʱش
һֱ̫ƽÿտϰߣҿĶҽ飬Աֶҽѧԡ
ѪҲ̫ƽѧļܡΪ⼼Ƚ£ҽǶ֪Ҳ޴ˡ
̫ƽҲȽӶԼı
һļ˲ͬı
ΪõʵҪܶࡣ
ʱͨߵһ𣬾Ҳ
ܶ๬Ůĵʱϲ̫ƽ˵ǿ̫ƽ׼ȷ˵ǹȡ
ЩŮ̫ƽûôˣŲͬĹϵͬϤ̶ȣ̫ƽֻԹϵõЩƫġ
һգ̫ƽȴԼЩ©
ʱ̫ƽͭǰ
ھļ̫֮ƽԼȷˡ
ⲡǳĵͣ˵ʱ©̫ƽʱû硣
ܿ죬̫ƽ͸Լ˷ӿʼƣֻ©ëõƾ̡
̫ƽ޷Լ̣رϵ̣Լȫ޷
֪̫ƽˣյһʱոϹ̽
ĸҽǶ𣿡չеʵ
ûʲôõġ̫ƽĻӦ
Щҽˮƽ̫ƽһˮƽϡмҽ©ʲôë֪
ţĸʲôҪֻܸ˵
Ϊ̫ƽԵõõƣո̫ƽһŮҰҲһ̫ƽӹ⹺ҩġ
̫ƽ֪©ëûôܺãΪ˼ٲҪ鷳Ҫ飬̫ƽܾе顣
֪̫ƽһ˻ЩģǾ˳ָһЩ
ЩҲǶֶ
гԵģҲġ
ʱǺ̫ƽ졣
ĸ޽հ䲼һµ
պ̫ƽһÿճ͢ϢʱҲѹ̫ƽ
ͦȤģյķ̫ƽ̲סЦ
ĸȬˣʱ޴ĸһȥ顣˵
ʱ򣬵̫ƽƵʱ
ϵĹŮҪæȴոסˡ
ɡսӹ˹ŮеĶ
Ȼ̫ƽҪһһ
û뵽ϵֻͦɵġ̫ƽЩ졣
ȻǸĸ󿴲ȻҪԴ¶һЦ
ΪԼ̫ƽݸա


898 Ϣ

֮ǰ۵ط־Ϳˡ̫ƽܵ
áյɴ۾ұһؿʼ
𣿻Ϊ˲̫ƽܵ˺ÿһΣ̫ƽȷ¡
ţûְɡ̫ƽЦ˵
Ȼպϸûг
̫֮ƽһ塣
̫ƽϲ壬Ǹʱĺѡ
պ̫ƽ˺ü̡һֱµ̫¡
ΪտԿһЩ̫ƽ˼֣տӮ
ڲĻָġ̫ƽҲóյĻԡ
ɫİһԵĹŮƵ
ʱһԵĹŮ׼õ˹
̫ƽԭصԼ޹ȥò͡ȴû뵽ߵĹŮѾԼҲ׼ˡ
̫ƽһò͡
һһòѾǺܾԶ֮ǰˣʱԪڡ
һɡնԹŮԸģȻеһλøճˡ
յ˼λǸԪˣ̫ƽյ⡣ԪǰľƱװ˾ơ
ȾͺȰɣȶٶԡ̫ƽ΢
Ԫڵʱ̫ƽʱԪԪȾơ
ֻһжûٶҪˡ
̫ƽղ̫ƽʱʱĻԪǿλõǰһЩˡ
Ԫڵʱ̫ƽżԪܡʱ򻹻Ԫս
Ԫˣ̫ƽȴÿյġƺԼϵĳһ
ĸ󣬶Բ𸸻ˡտ̫ƽ۾ˮ⡣̾˿˵
ϣ㸸ˣţ̫ѹֵģĸϣ̫ƽЦ֪㸸ʲû뿪ǣֻǻϵǣͷյʱᷢһԶڿ㣬㸸ʣԶػ㡣
𣿡ոҵˣȷһһֱڿҡ
̫ƽҲˣþûԪˣÿȴ޵һʰ
ص鷿ǰһҪĹġ
տǰԪ
ʱջܺΪʲôԪһ쵽Ķ鷿ȥƺۡ
ǵҲͬλ֮󣬲Ԫļǳе˶ٴΡ
ԭԪҹգպúõιһЩ
ʱҲûϧҽڹߣ˷ʱ鷿
ȴǳԪȻָܹԼ
ܶնҪġЩʱϵյİΣϵİΣ
λϡսԪһǩ˳
ǩдš佾ꡱĸ֡
ĸǵԪдġ
㱼䣬ջĿԪһдһ߶Լ˵
ʱƶǶĸǳȥ档
ղͬĽϪʱǺܵԪϲ
ÿĽϪԹԵվ鷿ԱԪĥī
ĥīǿùŮ̫ģĽϪȴǳϲһ첻ĥˣһͳԲ·
Ԫһߴģһ߻ʱʱĸĽϪݺܶ඼ιһЩ
ĽϪȻᡣȴʮֵ档ԪҲǳϲĽϪ
磬ĽϪ˼ԪԼһһν̻塣
ĽϪסרһ䡣ĽϪԼصġ
ڷ˺ܶӾ͹鼮һЩĽϪԼġ
ΪԪʱȽϾáĽϪԪѧ˰ϰߡ
ҺԪһĽϪҲϲʼǡһЩĵýԼĳĵö¼
̫ƽǰǲ¹¶ġԴûԪ
̫ƽͻȻ֮úϲơ
ǷڵĵҪšȵĵҲҪšĵҲҪšĻ԰ҲҪ֦Ϲ˵ơ
̫ƽԣеƲŻ
ӻ԰߹̫ƽϡżԪϢ
ϢѾ⻨԰Ϊһ塣ɽϣľϣǲݵϣԪϢ
̫ƽߵһûϣ
⻱ǵԪµģ̫ƽļǵãʱԪ⻱ֻ֣ѾҲ
̫ƽ⻱һӡ
̫ƽÿ춼һ
죬Ҳ״򲻶
õʱ̫ƽùŮԼ̧ܹݹǿպͻƮ
¹ƺҲ̫ƽĵİԼƶĺ档
εĴʼձƲ
ԪϢ־òɢϢ


899 Ү

ȻԪѾ뿪պܾãڰյĿУƿĵλȴԽԽߴ
ЩյԪһԪ﹩
տʼʱǲģ˵ǹԪ֮󡣱ȫط׷׸Ϲ
һʱȫģĵ̶ųŵġ
ǵ̡Ϊ˼Ԫ˸ָļƷԪ
ͬʱǻԪһաÿ굽գиصİն׷׳м㣬㣬ʱ䡣
ӰҲǷǳĹ㷺
ΪǳӰڹҲƵļ
̫ƽʱóԪǰʹùĶȻøɾ޲áһ߲ãһ˼֮ǰԪĵεΡ
ĸʲôأҮ˹
ҮѾʮ꣬þ͸СԪһüĿ㣬һͷ㷢룬Ƿ۷۵ġ
Ԫݱʱ̫ƽûҮ
̫ƽĽһ£Үʮ֪ƽʱҲϲ顣дֻ˵ҲĶš
ûʲô飬㿴鿴𣿡̫ƽûиҮ̫Ԫ飬Ϊ̫ƽҮСС;ͱ̫ѹ
̫ƽϣҮɿֵĳɳ
Ƕĸһɡ˵գҮŲһ̫ƽıϡѧ̫ƽӲ
һ̫ƽûš
ҮϰʮֵĹɡÿ춼𴲣Ȼʼ顣
̫ƽҪ£ҮÿζǶʵĶڼž糿Եʮֵ
ŶܶҲطɹͣҮǰ֦ϣҮĶ
Үָо֮ҲЩЩ
֮ҮµʱҲЩľ
ЩƺҲ⵱ģأҮʱ򰲰ͣϣһҲ
ҲϲҮпյʱջҮеУԼĴ󳼺ָ̫Үѧϰ
ֻÿһȥڣҮ̫ƽ㱨ֻе̫ƽͷӦˡҮŻȥա
պϲҮܵܣԼصóҮġҮҲϲЩ壬ÿġ档
ȻֵͲ˺ܶ࣬ǹͨȴûϰ
ΪѧϰҮĽҲǷɿ졣ԴﵽԼĵز
ù֮⣬ջҮһιһЩ
Ϊ˸ܹʵʡջһЩ۸Үȥ
ҮҲ߲ܣǷ񿴵öĽӹ
һΡҮ۴򿪣潲ǹڿƾƶȵ⡣
ʱҮ۾һ
ΪڿƾƶȵĵҮǰѾһЩ˼ֻǱȽϷɢûγһõĽ飬һҮȴϿ˺ԼͬĿұķǳȷ
Үؽ˽Ȼ󻹰ԼҲдں档дֽ
һж׼׵֮Ү㽫ͬԼĽ齻ա
ϣҾдķǳ壬ԹĿ΢ҲѾҵ뷨дں棬ҲһԲɡȻֻʮ꣬Үȴ˵аۣһСةࡣ
Ŷ𣿡ҲǺ棬ԴҮ鷿￪ʼѧϰ֮󣬻δֳ˻״̬
պĽ۴֮󡣶ʱǰһ
ҮֲдƯôǰ䶼ǳľȷݱҲʮֵ׼ȷ
ܴ󡣡̧ۿҮ¶οЦݡ
ţĿ
ԼһӣղŻĽ۷¡
¶һɵЦݡ
дĺܲ޻濼Ľ顣˵֮Үļ
֪ҮдһݣõյĿ϶̫ƽҲʮֵĿġ
ҮԶԶĹ̫ƽ߼ǰ
춼˵ʲôĸ󽲽Үܹϵޣ̫ƽЩġ
ҮȴԵúǵֻǼ򵥵Ľ⾭̫ƽ
̫ƽ棬ʱĻͷ
óҮһЩ츳ġ
ǷԸڻ߶һӡ̫ƽ̽Եʵ
һһסҮЦ˵ֻҪܺһʲôǿԵġ
ԺӡҮ˵̫ƽʱͷһůжۿҪʪˡ
ĸ󲻿Զ㣬㻹ҪѧһЩ¡̫ƽȰ˵ϼȻ㣬ͿڻߴһӣȻڻʼҡٻҪ͢Щϵ
̫ƽûҪҮһҪΡϣҮԳΪϸ


900 ѡʺ

̫ƽİ£ҮΪյͯȻ˵ͯȴҪκͯҪ顣
ÿһ죬ҮҪ¾ǰտۣмֵ۸ѡȻٽսһȥʾ
տʼʱҮЩšΪԼĹʧӰ쵽ҵάܺܺõĽ۽ִ
ھϤ֮Үյʾ۵ϰ棬һЩŵ
֪ЩҪġЩǴҪġ
Ϊ˰иõЧʡҮϱдԼһЩͿ
ģԽԽϲҮΪ˻רŸҮһΡҮ鷿ﰲĵ¡
Ǵûܹġ
ܿɹǣҮûΪܵյĿضƮƮȻһİ¡
֪Үܿͽ졣̫ƽοżҲҸɹȥһҮ
˳㻹ҮһЩɿڵķ˺͵ġ
ÿÿ̫ƽͷϵæҮӭӡ
æͺãæɡ̫ƽæڰ֣ʾҮȥ
̫ƽҮΪԼˡԶԶſҮ
һʱ䣬̫ƽ֮俴Ԫ
ҲʱţͶ䣬Ǹ߹Ϣ
ĸôˡ̫ƽȻڽ΢΢һ
ûʲô¾͹̫ƽɵЦҮͦϲ
ֹϲҮǺ츳ġղ߳޵ѾѾҪҮ
һжϰţꡣҮ΢΢һ
һƺõİˣҮȴԼ뷨
Ү֪պ϶Լļ¡Լǲܷâ̫¶ġ
ҮԽǵ͵վԽϲ
Үһ춼鷿Ү֮⣬ҮרŰһ̫̫ȫĵȥ̵Ү
Үһƣ̫ƽЩۡ
̫ƽҵգ˵գҮϰ
տʼʱҮЩ̫ϰߡ
ΪһֱҮû̫Ӵ
̫ƽҪ£ҮȥŬܡ
ΪҮǰûϰӻǱȽϱģΪ˷ֹ̫ⷢƽȫ̶ҮʱʱĻҮͣϢ
ȻտʼϰҮܻ֣ʹĲˣŻͣ
Үͷ󺹣̫ƽ۵ĲУüζ벻Үϰˡ
ǺݺģҮȥ䡣
һҵӦҮͱ׳ʵ˺ܶ࣬ƤɫҲˣǿ
ĸ󣬶ȭ̫ƽԼҮĵܹȥ
ð̫ƽĵҮа۵رȻš
紵Ҷɳɳ̫ƽУҲͦõġ
ĽϪżҲԼĺӹ̫ƽҳ
ĽϪҢûãºˡ̫ƽǳϲʹȻǲ١
ʱĽϪҲ̫ƽһͩ¡˵Ңôһˣȴӡÿ죬ϲʳҺͺʳųûãҵ˺ܶˡ˵ˣҪӳģÿֻ죬־ͷˡ
̫ƽЦҢ㣬Сӡ
ߣʱҾãһСء棬Ҷ֪ôϡŹֵ뷨ġĽϪЦţЦš͸ˣϧҪѻȴˡ
㸸õֻ̫ܽƽˣ㸸ʡԶû뿪ǡ
ĸ󣡡ĽϪ˵̫ƽ
ҲĸˣһҪǿ̫ƽο
š
ղСˣǺ󹬻ûŮˡ֮ǰѡһΣŮӣյۡ
̫ƽýѡ褺ŮʺڶŮ
ܵŮͲСԼ޽ʹˡ
ǣ褺ŮŸꡣ
ôСŮӱͽʹ϶ҲܹʹȨ˵ˣ褺Ů۵ý²ôͳס
Ϊ˴֣պ󹬿ûлʺܹܲˣʺȴûβ֡
ңȥȻûб褺ŮʺӺʵˡ
ԣ̫ƽȰ˵褺㣬ԴΪء
ձŮ˵ΪʲôһҪѡҵŮΪʲô
褺̾˿˵Ҳܼҵң̫￴ˡ
ǣôС᲻á
Ҳ᲻ãǣûлʺѾܾˣף󣬿ȲףʹʺȨ󹬡ȵͣٳףʽΪһ֮󡣡褺˵̫˼


901 ʺ

ǣôСôܹأտ
׳ͥѵһҵģֻǵ̫СǣڹҲδ̫µ뵽̫Ҳ׹ùãȻҲõġ褺ҲȨš
ǹþϼףǶ˵úõŮôСҪˣȥ˻ʹһܼأΪʲôʮ꼰֮ͽȥأձޡ
ֻо꣬Ҫʮ껹Ҫ꣬ʼлʼҵĹأҼǵ̫Ҳһ·նҲӦĺܺá˵ҲãʺȥӦʹĹĶǣⲻͦõ𣿡褺Ц
Ҳ֪ʹﹴĶǣһʧ˻Ǳݺأջǲͬ⡣
ʲôҿ϶ͦϲģ̫ͻ϶ỤȻСǻ飬ΪС;УǽԹӢ۳ġ褺յļ˵
ô˵ǷȥˣճɤӺ
ⲻҲڸΪ˴֣Ҳֻ̫ˡ
ȻѾ˾ˣʲô˦־˽ȥ
գա褺̾˿ͷţվŵЦͽԸ𣿡
ˣŮĸ׵ġ
ǣž꣬ȥʹӦʵ㲻ԸĻͲȥˣҲΥּ̫⣬Ϊ㡣褺˵
̧ˮӣᶨ˵ܳΪʺǼҫŮԸ⡣ǰ·Ů¡
褺Ů褺ܸˣ̫Ҫ㡣Ҵȥ
˵Ůȥĸ׸𡣡
ǶТ˳ĺúӡѹ̫ƽһ۾Ϳʺˡ褺ԼŮ⡣
߽ȥյ˵ĸףҪѹŮеġ
ԸԸôС뿪ĸ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷŮȻ뿪סǸ˵ĶԣҼȻΪŮӣӦԴΪأΪ⡣ΪҫŮûʲôƴǵġ
̾˿˵ңΪҪô£Ҫǲµͺˡ
ʹ̫ƽͺڵˡ
ϣѽСҪൣ㡣̫ƽЦ
ǡĸ󣬲޼ġȻСǷǳ¡ҲЦˡ
ûã褺ˡ
һֱͷĶҲǳϹ棬ϳȵȿˣ˸оֻоꡣ
һ;úãʺ󣬾Ӧӡ
̫ƽЦ褺㣬ϣΪʺ󣬽֮ã̸ᣬ£ʹġ㱣֤ԲȶĲ
л̫褺
̫ƽ˻֡
ͷ˹Сӣǳš
̫ƽǰ̫ƽһס˵̧ͷðҿ
΢΢̧ͷտ󷽵
š̫ƽͷ˺üȻ󣬷ԸŮڷţ褺ڹԷ
һٷõĺԷԵĺССڵҧȴûбȱ˳Ե
ˡ޹
ʵ̫ƽһֱܻԼֶŮС̫ƽνǿģҲʮֵ˽⡣
СʱպҲ棬һˣ
ܵܣ밲޸ϣûʲô뷨̫ƽʵ
ð϶ͬġ褺Цúϲ£죬ϼ׵ĺ¡
ԣҲôģСͺܹɣҺϲǲ֪ôģ̫ƽ̽
̫ģȥ˵϶Ҳͬġ褺϶˵
Ȼž꣬ҲʮֵĴϻۣƽҲд֡
̫ƽҲ֪Ƿ޸ա
̫밲һʱվظ̫ƽ밲
ԣԡҿ̫ƽĵ֡
һڼûֳ˲ٰ̫ƽͷڷЦһֱϡ
Ҳ°ɣ̫л㡣褺ŲŵӸ
褺ı飬Ҳ
Ѻŵġ̫ƽ۵褺㣬Ȼһض˵
㣬ϲϲϣ̫ƽʡ
֪̫ңʲô˼أûϻش𣬱ֳͬ˸õʡ
̫㻰أôʣһԵ褺㣬


902 

̫ƽϻֹס褺㣬Ȼּ
һʵĻʺôѡУ뵽㡣̫ƽ˵Уżɽ
л̫ʶ£̫ĸ׺͸״ûеش̫ƽʡ
ı̫ƽѾ֪⡣
¾ôˣҺͻϻͳȷ£Ҳ׼һᾡ찲˹빬ġ뿪ʱ̫ƽصغ褺˽̸һЩϸڵҲȷ
Сպһ鷿Ŀ顣
һʱĳ֮ձ죬ҲԽԽи˵
̫ƽ֪յԸӭȢʺĴ±Ҫͬ⡣
̫ƽ߽鷿ʱΪ̫רעûз
һ̫գȴ̫ƽֹסˡ
ֱվ첲ʱ򡣲ŷ̫ƽȻԼߡ
ĸǺʱģæ̫ƽ밲
ҼϿ棬Ĵţ̫ƽЦ˵лʵ˰֮
ⶼӦġĸ٣֪к£պʵ
Ȼʲô鶼Ӳϵ۾̫ƽЦһʺ󡣲֪ϿԼǵѡ
֪ʺλòܿţδĻʺ󣬿϶ҲǻڵĳŮӡ
ֻĳδкʵѡյͷ˵֪ĸǷкʵѡԸһ
ãҽվ߻һϲ£Ѿɫһϼѡ̫ƽ˵褺ŮҲǰҵֶŮüĿ㣬绪ܿɹǣ֪飬νǻʺѡ
Ŷ֪Сʱ򻹺һ֪Ը⣿Щ׷һ䡣
ԸġȻû˵Ϻͻʺ󲻶ǿһԹżǲġ̫ƽЦ
˵϶ԼҲкøУĵĺܣֻǲûϱֳ
ܿ죬ӭȢʺˣ̫ƽİ½ܲĿʼˡ
Ϊ˱ʾأ̫ƽ׼˴Ƹ񡣹ǽξʮ޳УʤѷƺһСɽ
ڣŵƽʣһϲ졣
̫ƽùŮ̫ǽһ޹ɨĸɸɾеļҾҲ´ġڵĻܡҲõġеŴϣ˴ϲ֣鹻̵λã˺Ρ
յһӵƸ֮褺㼤ѡ
Ư㿴ЩƣĲһ˿ó褺óһֻͨ壬Ȼģο֮ǹ⻬
տˣ΢оЩο
һ¡׸һԡն֡
ӵʱ򡣷ⷢԵúܴ
ЩȰպã㳤֮ٸ㡣Ц˵
ΪԸõӦڵձ㿪ʼص
ҽеĹضһ
ôôأ÷ġЩͷҡҡͷ
ŮЩҪѧᣬڹܻᱻ۸ĳ˵
Ȼϲ̫⣬ջİҪȥӦѧϰ
һʱŬ֮һƵģ·˵ǹؾصģûԴ
˼գһ֧ƴӭ׶飬ӭŻĳϼƺƵĴӹڳ
İ̧ȺԵøۡĶӹһֱȥͷ
ڶǰ̫ܹܣǰȥס
̫һģʮŮ֡
Щʹ͸ġ
ֵıСӭ׵Ķֵſڡ
ʱ褺ͷѾȺʱ
̫ܹܴʥּҲǷ׷׹¡
̫ܹ֮ЦеĶү˵ϲ׸˺ϲ׸ˣϼ׵ĺ¡
Ҳͷܹˡ褺㿪ĵĽ̫ܹӭݡ
ʱѾ룬һҫۣϹΣ
򵥵ʽ̫ܹܱ֮Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻס֡
Ů׻ġû˵ֹ꣬ס
֪빬֮ԺټͲô׵ˡ
ӣˣҪѧԼչԼ褺Ҳ̲סҪ
İɣŮһΪĸͼ⡣µ˵
˵ĿУ˻ڡ
λع
̧ȵһƬĿ̻ı뿪褺򸾵ߡ


903 ӭȢ

һ·ϣΧ۵İڶ࣬ûô׳۵ӭ׶飬
ڵļֿ֮󣬻ڵ˻ʹſڡ
ʱѾַǷ
ھڵĸ·ԱѾ׷׵ŵĹ㳡վˡ
Уһ̺ӹſһֱ쵽ϡ
İΧҲʻ׺šƮ㡣
Ŵ󿪣ڻڣĽ˹ڡ
Ů˶ûеġ
˵עĿ¡Ĵӻ˳
ʱıյĿҲͶ
ڼֵĲ£ͷС̨סܵĻ£ͷԵúСһɫļȴԵ÷ǳۡ
ʱ򣬸ĵ̫ƽ
̫ƽһԵϡ˫гһ죬ЦǺǵĿһһĿա
̫ƽԣܹ޽
ĵһˡ
ҪϵĿǣ̫ƽ޲ھ͹ȥ֡
̫ߵʱ̫֡ɤӣȻߺһʱѵ
ǣհʽٰ˽ʽ
붴ֵ֮İϴԶ
ʱͻȻˡ
һ죬еɡ̫ƽЦ߽˷
μ̫󡣡ֿ̫ƽˣϽ̫ƽ
ū澸̫񡣡ҲϽվ
£¡̫ƽЦŰִļϡ
㶼ѾǻʺˡͲҪô⡣̫ƽ΢Ц˵
Ϣһٺռ档̫ƽ˵㲻Ҫ̫ţֻҪԼɼһʲôҪֻܺ͹ŮǽĻҲֱӺͰ˵
̫ƽԭЩŵʱ˲١
л̫ա̲ס̫ƽ΢΢ľһ
һ˯ˡΪʵ̫ۣ˯úܳѹʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
ôⶼѾʱˡѾ˳ʱЩżıԹġ
ڼʱĸѾԸ˯
û뵽һ˯Ӧȥ̫ƽ밲ʱ䡣
Ͻױ磬ȥ̫ƽ밲
̫ˡˡ̫ƽһ̣ŵȫЩ
Ŷˡ˯û𣿡̫ƽһ΢Ц˵˿ûаŭ
ȫʴӡ
ϣ̫ƽԼһɫſƽԼĵĽǡ
ܻûԷɣͰһԵġ
̫ƽЦ֡
ȻЩšǺܹԵߵ̫ƽıϡ
ϰźЩġ
һֺöľȻԼϲԵġ
ʵ֪Щ̫ƽص˸ġ
Ϊ֪ܻ˯ͷԲ߹ʳ̫ƽѾǰڼĿζЩ㡣
ȳ԰ɣ˿ɾûôóԵġ̫ƽЦŽƵǰ
ôóԵģҲ̲סˡ
ĵĳԵ
̫ƽԣԼĻʺ󣬸ԼһŮ
һһ¡
ԵĲˣ̫ƽŻʵ
ʱŵķеꡣ
̫ʲôԸ뾡˵˵
ǻʺˡףҲܺչͬһȢһӣ֪к뷨
ŶȢǿ϶ûġͻȻ̲סЦ
ţǰҾͿʼ飬ģʺλãһչ˺õġ
л̫ġòĵͷ
ܿ죬̫ƽȢͰճ̣Ϊǰ׼飬һȢĹ̽еķǳ˳
ϣЩǰѡģӻԹĿ˵̫ƽùŮݸһЩᡣ
϶̫ƽϸѡΪȽϺʵѡջҪһ»ϵ
һж̫ɡֻƳһۣûȥնԣһʵνġֻҪܹ̫ƽ⣬ܹǺõġ
СȻô˵ˣǾðȢһӰɡصԼ޹̫ƽĽӽ˱Ƚϣȷ
񳤵úǱ£ΪҲѾʮꡣԸõķա
ȢϢļʱ¶һƬڡ
ȻѾȢ˻ʺ󡣵Ҷ֪ʺף̷ϡ
ΪյĵһӡȻкܶԸõķա


904 ì

׺ĸױĵĿʼ׼빬ˡ
̫ƽҲûп񣬸׼˷Ƹ
ԼӣҲһȺƴӭ׶н빬С
ֻһֻܴӱ빬ҺܿҪ·һֱڽϡ
ȻҲǲõ÷ǳķ·Ҳǰء
ܵ˵һεĹģû֮ǰӭȢһ¡ء
ߵ֮պŻ˳
̫ƽҲ˳
Ϊӣղûк¡صǡ
檸밲ָ̫̫֮ƽ񣬶Ҫڻʺλϵ
򵥵ʽ֮˶
ͬǣ޹Ƚƫһ㡣طҲûлʺ޹ô߷̵ĹŮҲûߵôࡣ
ûа
һµСë
һŮԭеĺҲʱḻ
̫ƽϲϷ
ˡһյʱ̫ƽһϷ뵽˹ڱϷ
ȻֻǸӣռԼ곤ꡣΪԼÿϷԹԵ̫ƽıϡõֺ̫ƽ
λԭ̫ƽġ
ȻףϷѾко
治̫ƽ棬Ͷõ˵
ʵղűʧˡȴͻȻһˮ
̫ƽûʲôӦʱͲվ
㲻ͲҪϹ˵ô̫Ϸ顣
䣬ղϷӵĸ˾ͻ𼱻ǵ˹
ū澸ū澸̫ͻʺǸղʧˡ
£񳹵ɵˡ
һԵȴʲôûзƵġλϡ
ûˡǼݰɡ̫ƽĻ˻֣ûж˵ʲô
ݼСֻһΣһưһһ仰˵
ܹô˵ˡҿⳡϷݵıһҪúܶࡣ˵
Ҳôáûӻ̫ƽȻĻ
̫ƽĶԻ֮䡣Ҳ廰
̫ƽȫһ
һı֡Ҳ̫ƽʮֵ⡣
Ȼʤȯգȴûбֵͱˣȴһ
һӵȴûеطй
Էһžˤһ롣
̫ˡû뵽ȻһëѾͷռϷ硣üëšһš
ڶһ硣̫ƽ˿ɿڵĵġ
ֻһΣҲú硣ԼµĴһ֮󣬱һʱȥ̫ƽ밲
յſڵʱ
ԶԶĿҲ߹
ȴװû˽Ų밲
νһתӵſڹ˳ȥ
ԵΪˣʲôƢ͵Ц߽˵ڡ
תһȦȴûз̫ƽӰ
ԭղڵſڵʱѾ̫ƽ
ԭ̫ƽһԵȲ裬١
ҵ̫ƽʱ̫ƽѾ˺һ졣
檸̫밲檸ʺ밲񹧹
ƽ̫ƽ˻֣ȴûۿһ

ԭص˺һᣬȴ̫ƽԼȥ
ı鿴֪ʱѿ
㽫˹
ܹһȲɡ֡
ЦӯӯĿ˹ȥ
൱һ̨ˡ
ǵźȲʱ
̫ƽȴͻȻվ
һ£ˡ£̫ƽѾת
̫ƽıӰζӳ¡
ȡ̫ϲôǲڹкõ
һֱĻǵֺ̫ƽ
ƺܲôãһһε̫ƽǰ
ҪǸղҵ̫˵̫ܺ˵仰ء˵л
һ̫ƽԼ
ʱһ
Ȼ㵱̫ΪβһأȻŭȼգȴֵĺ侲
ô˵ղǿءôûи밲ķʵеǣǲأǾñСԱ
һ仰еĻǺ˶
Ȼǰһվˡ
εĽӴ֮Ѿף̫ƽôϲԼ
ΪպԶ㣬ֻȥӭ̫ƽ


905 ͺ

ڽһʱð˺ܶ࣬ƺѾԼľȡ˽ѵ
ƽ̫ƽʱõóԵĸʱֿЩûʲô飬ҲϲƵĹſں˵仰
ȻסĲԶȴʮܵ䡣
ü̫ƽҺ̫ƽ׵Ľ̫ƽȴûи̫õĻᡣüֱӾܾҪ
˲űԼ׵ĴԼȴ
һա׼ŵʱ񰴵ĸȥ
ĶһҸúõķйһ¡
߽һͤ㰵жһԵС뿴ʲô顣
ûãһЩŮһЩĸ˹
һƵʱͻȻվȻҲһ˹
Դ빬ôã⻹ǵһνĿա
ŵģ˶
Ҫ֪ж϶մʧ
ջ̨׵ʱ򣬺Ȼ߿һۣƺƵġ
ŵģ϶޲Ҹضȥ
ԭպԼõġҪͤ죬ͨһ¸顣
е񣬿ԵЦݣԼľ񱻺ʹӣץһ
ʱʱЦȫܡ޲ȥڵһ١
ԣеעȦ
ȴȻûע⵽Լһֻ
ĽСϡ
ͻȻ䣬񾪿ֵĴһȻ˶ε˵ϡ
һԵ͹Ƿ׷׸ȥȴԭڵϡ
ȻǺ棬Ϊʲôطջǵһʱ񿴲
ҽһ֮񽥽Ļָ֪
Ȼϣûʲô󰭣ʱ´ȴٳٲ
ǳĺںͰաû뵽ԭֻ׽ŪһȴԼǰ˳
ԽԽеԹ۽ϡ
һϣڴϷȥ˯š
Ȼ䡣һͷ
ºڷߵʱĵĴӷ˳ȥ
ȷ֮СĴ
֪ÿ϶кϰߡ
һΡҪúõһ
ȻһЩˡ̶Ĳࡣ
㿪ʼ̶ֽš̶˰Ͷۡ
Ͷӵкҩ
ĿľҪѣվ
ȷûб˷֡С˻ȥ
̫֮ƽͻ롣Ҳ볢һ̶࣬ùŮȥԼʢһݹ
Ϊ˰ȫ͸̫ƽʳﶼҪġ
жͻȻһɧ
Ȼ͸̫ʳ﷢˰ͶºܿҲա
ղȻŭ¡
ϸĿ֮սĿꡣ
Ȼܶ˶ţϸĽȴЬ׷ͬİͶķĩ
֤ǰղòϾԼµĶ
һѶȷΪҪһɫ
յյĽ֮󣬵һӦҪϵ
һΡ̫ƽҲûͬ顣Ҳͬհϵ
֪Ϣ֮󣬱ա
˼ϹϾϵһۡ
档Ѿѷϵ׶д档
յĽ飬ǲҪϵ
һϸۣջǰĽ顣Ź
վȻΪԼ飬ȵ޷š
ǵԴʱ
ҲܻԼȷǷһ顣
ΪʲôҪң֪ҪġҲûжܣżɽʵ
ֻ֪һʱɱϣﲻһĻˡ΢Ц˵
ˣʵЩϧŸոտʼء
򵥵ļ仰ȴ档
û뵽Լ֮ǵȻ˽ԼǸˡ
һʱ䣬ȻԼ̫СǼ̫ˡ
һжȥˣԺúͺˣϻҪչ˵ġ˵
İɣһģ»ϲˣҲΪʺĴʴǿȥġ¶Цݡ
Ҳ֪Ц֮󣬷ǳƯ


906 Ĵ

ν˵ʵЦʱ򣬻ǺƯġ
߹ء
ѻϣԶɫƣ롣
ʲôȥɻʿ߹һӾͳѻĺϡ
ѻæȵǡʵ̫뵱үʱǻǶͷϰͽ᣿
ûԵ޹ʵĺޣү粻ˡˣͼӺȸ󽫾ǻûأôˣŮ˶򣡡ʿǶѻġ
ԶѻĶӡҲſڵأ
ѻ˹ȥ嵲סԼĶӣҪҶˣҪҶˣ
ʿһٹѻ˵
ƴ
ʿǿˣͻŵˡ
ѻƱͷʹޣҲ޿κΣ˭ѾһС
ֻǣû뵽һȻ˭۸Լ˵ʸûС
ףƽԭȮۣǲȥˣսȭͷһж̫ƽԪãһҪ𣡱𣡡
ѻ˵ǻʲô𰡣
򵥰ѻˣƺȻ˵һֱع⣬ɱǾͿ԰ıȨˡ
ѻˣĴȷûŵ˵⻰ɲҪҽɱ˳ѽ
ףиᣬһ£ǰ컹ҺȾˣǳʱ˵ܰɱ죬͸һӣĿɭ͸ɱ
ģѻæ棬ǰɱ죬Ȩǹǣ
ȻȹԺٰɱˣȨ͹𣿡ƹЦףҪԥˣǴһɡ
ҲǣѻͲһ׵ˣѻظ־ͱˣʧһˣֲǵһ£
ãףϾϵǸˣ˵ǸɣЦ
˵ѻ˱ˣǳͷǼµʿ˺óԺúȺôĸѻӣһµĿһԺúȺ˯ãһЩӣȥмϲƷ
첻νѻǿˡϾѻǹ̵ģǹεġΪ컹ˡ
˵Դ߹֮ߵ뵽Ķȸ
ȸ֮ǰǴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڱ߹صġ
ÿҵȸӢˣȻ֪ȸڱ߹ءȸھǸķڵء
ôϲһ˵飬Ըȸһʣµȥ
һӣøʱȸһģһ
ԥԼķȡΪСȸ
̫谮ˣСȸ˵ʲô춼ţһСȸܴȨ
СȸƷȴУĳ谮аԵѰա⻹㣬Ź
ǸҪɱǸǱСȸ۸֮һ
ԭǸиòСȸˡҪռɣڱСȸ֮ɱˣǸ͸죬ƫֻСȸ䣬ûôͷСȸ
Ǹ߷߲ƽ첻ƽҪɱСȸ˶ʮ塣
ΪСȸڷŻСȸʲô˭ɱȻһɱ
뵽Ҫɱ졣
Ϧ£Įİر𴿴⣬Ƶ͸ϾͺڵʱҲ͸ģһ
Сȸӵһ𣬿Ϧ¡
ǿϧˣҲܻĺӡʹˡȻѾˡ첻ź˵᲻⣿
⣬Ȼ⣬нٻҵġСȸ˵
ҡҡͷ㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
Сȸ˵ʱ򣬲ȸǣֻҪһ˵ͺȸȻ෴ž
쾲СȸָСȸ˵ĺܰ㣬㼸ʮ꣬ҵҪȥȻ֪ûаҡҲڡ
Ұѽ˭˵Ҳ㣿Сȸ̲ס˿ڡ
졣ŭ㲻ֻǰҵǮҵȨ÷ݯ
з紵۽ǵһᡣ
Сȸ֪ôźˣ˵ֲ˵
ҹĻ٣Сȸ˹Ƿ˯
ʧˣôŬرԼǰˣƭԼСȸͲȸȸһָ硣


907 ֮

£Ҫһ˾һ첻ɵȻ¡
ĲûȸΪʲôҸĴ棬ҲΪʲôҪôʹࣿ
һοСȸǾϲؾ͵һֲοȸôʮֻ꣬û뵽Сȸľֻ˺ƭá
첻ɵӣȻ֪СȸŲ¡ůˡ
СȸͲŸȸƵ㹻ůˡ
ķô䣬ûһ˿ůĻԼġģ
֮뿪ǣһҪԶ߹أΪ˱ֻ룬ȸ÷ݯమٿԴסԸѡԼһ˼ȥȸװСȸȸ٣СȸԸ߲
ãˣ˼ˡСȸظȾˡ
Сȸɲߣ޵ʱСȸ֮ԱǵģŮȶСȸͷëСȸŲԸء
һʯͷһҹ䣬תƣÿһǣȸ۾
ȸǲ˽İֻѾס÷ݯ̫Сֻסһˣܽˡ
ΪһֱԼİ԰ΣȴΣƽ
ΪʹҲڷ񣬰Ѻܶ鶼Сȸȥټϱ߹ҲûпսһֱȽϰݣ̫ǿʢˣ߹صСֻнƷķݣﻹҹַġ
ΨһľǽƽþƾԼϣȸ
СȸͲӣְȨΪԼı˽ǳ̬ţŹ
Ҫ죬ȴŲʣ˵ڱ߹ûпսСȸְأҲʲô£ҸóԳԣúȺȶɢˣҪСȸˡ
ã´ȸȸǳı߹أҲ죬ǣֲ֪ʲô
ǣȸ÷ݯ
÷ݯ̾Ҫǵá㣬Ұ١
֪񣬳ӻµġôأȸ̾˿˵ȥĳôӢ䡣
Ů˵òʱ򣬾ͻñ˭Ƿϣ˭ҶġֻǣұȳҪҸˡ÷ݯǳ
һҪϡȥˣ£¹سҲ¹ر߹δȸɫ
Ҳ֧÷ݯЦҪĻȥһ˱߹ءҲ֮󣬾ͻͻˡ
Ҫȥ߹ؼĲ⣿ȸס÷ݯ֡
ŷ÷ݯЦ
ȸ÷ݯһ
Ȼ˺ڷ˼˿ͷమûм١
գȸѱ߹ص¡ϱգʵҲѾ˵ˡ
áȸΪղ󳼣ǰȥ߹أ泤ñ߹ز֮¡˵
ּȸ
߹ءˮ
Ƴ˾ƣǱӪͷ졣
һ죬ˣʱ򣬻ȸ
ˣԭǸСȸҾĵ壬ҡ
ѻɱСȸõġ
ֻСȸ̫ˣ˶ϣСȸ
ѻƣֳǽɱǽʽȡ˱Ȩ
ȸʱѻѾ˱߹֮а
ȸֻ˾
ΪȸΪ˿սû뵽ᱻѻȡ֮ȸѻֵܣҪ
뵽ˣȸǳʹȰѻ
ǣѻ˵Ϊֵܡһֱ̫һ㣬˵Ŀ⡣ֻӰӡǣӰ̫ˣҲҪһԽգ
ȸ̾һӦսΪ챨
ѻζˣҲȷСѻûһαȵȸģѻ֤ԼᣬҲΨһᣬѻȻҪˡ
ȸҲġ
һѻʵǴ̫࣬һٴȸΪ֮ǰһһεԭܵܣôˡ
߹زܱѻռ졣ȸֻҪʤ࣬սʤѻͱȫԸܹ˼飬˽ϹɴŶʿ
ǣݡһغϣȸթܣѻʤ׷ȸֵ·͵Ϯѻսܣ˾ʧ롣
ڶغϣȸʿǴҥĲ״ѻĽʿǣȸġʱ裬սˡ


908 Ծ

ѻȻûӦսǾľѾû˴롣
Ϊȶģѻ¶ԼбıĿʼɱ¾
ѻʿǰȸߵģԻȥѻΪǡû뵽Ҫȥ˻ͦġ
ѻǳЩʿתҪߵʱȸȴųɱҪߵһˣôʣµҲˡ
Ȼѻ˵ûлͷļǾȻͶңҾǵˣǻȥȸߡҪҶǲ
һϯʹڳʿĶڲﻹأ
ֻǿŵѪܵʬ壬Ƕѻʼˡ
˾ͲˣΪʲôһʼҪƭǣΪߵʱȴǣһķأ
ѻӴ˳ɥʧ˾ġ
ȸѻӻɢ֪ʧ
ʱѾˡ
ȸѸٽغϣһѻ
غϣǳ򵥣ȸֱӷ
ʿȸͷˣȷѻ벻ѻһʼţΪȸĹƣٳٲӦս
ֱԼһűȸˣѻʶԡ
ѻϼʿӪأ˭֪ѻʿǸտʼ˼£Ȼ׷׶ˡ
ȸŴҷ˵֮ǰʲôֻҪͶһץѻȸһ̡
ⷬϣʿͼʲôͼ±£ܻлὨҵ
ȸܴϣҲȽȸѻеģΪʿѾѻƷУԶţɱ޹ݽ档
֮ǰֻѻαװúãʿзˡڲһˡǿˡ
ǣǵȸӪկڡ
û˰ѻȸͶˡ
ԣȻѻȸ࣬ȴˡ
Ϊûʿкûһ
˵ˣѻͲóþɳḻĵȸɱˡ
ѻֻܹͶ˸ƣ磬ֵһķϣһ·ɣ
ȸҡҡͷймҹ档ûȨ㣬˵ˣӣ˳Ķ߹ɱɻͺˡͲӦ÷·
ѻЦɱңĸ֮飬һӵģôТ˳Ͳ𣿡
˵ˣймҹ棬ȻҪ㣬ϺҲǲˣĸסҰ֮󣬻ȥĸ׽͵ġţĸ壬һġ
⣿Ҷ⣬Ϊһĸ̫ңԶֻӰӡȻҰˣǣʤ˱ҳ£Լ󡣴ҶᵽѻҲȸܵˣѻ˵Ъ˹һ
벻µ㻹ִԲ򡣡ȸЦҪĳɱ˷Żôǣȹȥ磡
磬ֻһ󣬳ɱģ߹شҷģҶûйϵвŹҲֶӰѻ˵
ȸ̾˿˵һУɷɡǵ޷
磬ԾֻҪԸ⡣ѻذףԼһ̡
ѻѪأˡ
ȸﻹǺܵģϾԼĵܵܡ
ƹͷʹޡ
ȸ˵߰ɣߵԽԶԽãԶҪٻˡ
ʾţȸҪŹˡ
ΣѻƷŤ;ǣκ˶Ȳǵ
ʵл㡣󲮡
ƽɣҪˡȸӹȥһ·ӣͷʼ
ƽӹǸİѻ˰ݣˡ
ǲܷưϻǵġѵ
һҳеȸȻϳѣʦؾ
ʱѾѩ׷ף̫ƽϺĴ멣պһѩϸ΢Ц
ˣǱ棬óţȺ˰ɣȥȥ̫ƽЦ
ǡմŮ߹Ȼ䣬ȴǺ䤱Ҳǳůġ
̫ƽգַ·𿴵Ԫ
ҲǸѩ졣
磬ʲôѽó󡣡̫ƽָָԪѩ˵
㰡ԪЦ
ô󣬵Ȼˡû̫ƽԪ
ϵѩ٣Ǳߴ棬ǿĵúܡ
ĸĸ㿴ѩ㣿Ȼմ̫ƽ˼˸ѩӷģСһСˡ


909 ǹ

ʶأ̫ƽȻ˵ôôأ
ǰ磬㵹ÿİô󣡲Ųأ
̫ƽ۾ٴʪˣף̫ƽԪˡ
ĸ󣬸Ҳ޵ˣ֪Ҫ޸ĸʲô𣿡շǳµ˵
ʲô̫ƽһ
ɫ޸ĸܺãϣĸҸҪΪޡ
̫ƽֱ¡գĸ֪ˡлл㣬ĸˡĸԺǿġ
ո̫ƽ˲ᣬĸ޵ʱͿޣҪװǿ޻۵ġ
š̫ƽ̬գȸӷɡ
²ˣΪ˵Ҳ˵ˡ̾˿˵
ʲôˣ̫ƽһ˶ʱӿȫ
ôأ˭ɱģ̫ƽʵôõһˡ
ѻյͳߣȴԵøˣ֮ѻѾԾˡ
̫ƽҡҡͷ˵ڱ߹طʲôϣɵúúõĸҡ
ռ򵥵ؽһ顣
Ϊ̫谮Сȸʱ̫ƽᣬҸҲ˷СȸôܴȸأʵѾѡԳ˵Ҳǽѡ
ոΪڲ˴£׷⡣
ȸմ
콫Ϊѻ֮Ҳ콫׵Ľģ콫ֺ֮أղ⡣
ǡѻ֮ڹҲģȴΪ˽飬˽·ơΪ˽˸飬˹£ӦȸԶͷϵɴñժ
һ褺վ˵ϣȸȻдҲȸֶӣȸºպսǰ£콫ΡϾѻѾˡ
Ƕ콫
յͷʵҲ˼
ǣȸȴӦ㳼йҲȫֹ˳⣬ӡϰ⳼ĹְɡɷΪһ˶ƻ
̾˿˵Ȼ콫ô˵޾ʱĹְȻؼҺúһ¡
ǡȸ⣬ֻһүյľλ
ȸȥ÷ݯҪȥݼ
ô˵Ҳеϵû㣬ûѡҵĻҲнĽ÷ݯ
ȸͷȥءһȥ
Ĺ԰Ĺǰ˺ܶٺϻŹĻ
ȸΪˡ
÷ݯ˵ȸŮˣⱲӣǶԲ㡣ϣһҸҵһˡ
ȸ̾˿˵лл㣬Ȼ֪˵лл̫ˣȴΨһܸ˵ġΪҵĲˣҵˡ£Ҳ㰮ȸˡ
羲ĴĿĹϵİ׹ǳڻӦһ
ȸ÷ݯȻˡ
Ƶǣٽ
ĽϪԴӼ޸Ң֮Сӹò֪жҸء
ΪҢʱʱδζĽϪ
죬ĽϪ֯ëµʱСıָҢ֪ˣŻŵظϹͰĽϪָô𣿡
һѪѣųʲôĽϪҡҡͷЦ
ۣǹû۹ġҢϸ˱˱
˵ʲôӱءˣôҵӣҽһ¡ĽϪٺһЦ
ôãҢº͵ЦĽϪһ¡
ĽϪˣҷҲáܶ˭ã
ҢٺһЦȻóһˡ
ۣģĽϪϲˣ
֪ϲ·Ͽ˾͸򡣡Ң˵ĽϪЦҢ㡣
ĽϪ˵ߺߣҪ
ҲˣҢװҪ
ҪĽϪŽʵ๫ҲжҪ͸㡣
ŶҢڴ
ĽϪóһ˫Ь
Ь㾫£üëߣǣ滹ҢϲҶѾúŬˡ
ġĽϪˡ
ҢһѰĽϪ§ڻѾߣαҪԼأ´βҪˣһ۵ġ
ĲĽϪҡҡͷҺŬġ
ҢʹĺܺϽţĻҲϲģǹ˽ҡ


910 

һ֮󣬿Ʈ̡
㣬ةฮС
ΪĽϪܹһЩҢةฮܶϻ
ﶬĸڶӦĻ
˵ĽϪһĺ
ΪĽϪøʣҢĽϪ˽ʮרŷ̡
ĽϪʳסжҪԼ֡
ĽϪҪʲôҢҲһʱĽϪ
һ졣ĽϪͻ룬Ҫȥɽϲҩ
Ң֮ͣеصĽϪߡ
ʲôأҪɽ𣿡Ңһ¶ʵ
ԣҾȥɽߣһ쵽˶ˡĽϪԵ˵
ҢֹĽϪȥɽϡֻɽҰڶ࣬ɽ·ʪֻ׷⡣
УҾɽĽϪѾҢ㿪ʼ׼
ȻɽڸΪû߶
Ұݶа˸ߣɽ·ûеġ
ҢԣͲ⡣
һȥܵĽʿǶ׷׸ϵɽ¡
ҢĲЩʿֻһʱ䣬㿪ٳһɽ׵ɽ·
ΪĽϪɽɽҢʿɽ·Զſɡұŵ÷ǳܡ֤ĽϪᱻ̫ɹ
˵ڶ죬ĽϪ׼ɽʱͻȻûǷȤ˶Ң˵
ҽ첻ɽˡ
ҢһʱסˣΪɽ·ȫ彫ʿϹʱŪ졣
û£첻ȥȥҢ˵
ţǾ͸˵ɣͷʵ֡ĽϪ˵
ðھȥҢ֪ĽϪȥߡ
ʵͷȻǸղʱõġ
ΪĽϪġҢʿһƬˮ˳κ˵ȶܽˣͬʱְһҴ͵ĴֻΪĴֻ
ĽϪڴϾͲҡͷΡ
ȻĽϪᲶ㣬Ҳ㡣
ҢǹĽϪһ
ͷѾǶôѵõ顣ܹԲ㡣ŻĽϪÿġ
ĽϪµڲʱ
ȴ˽׼õĴ͵ŵ˺
ҢĿĺܼ򵥣뷽跨ĽϪĿģֻҪĽϪģٶĴҲǺԥ
ĽϪĿģһԵķɷҲԾԾԡ
ҲһԣɷɾͿܡ־ͽ˹
Сĵ㣬ҪˮȥˡĽϪЦ
İɡһСĵġɷһ˵һһģĿʼ㡣
ΪҢѾ׼СҲʮֵгɾ͸С
շȥûþһֻϹˡ
˵һ㡣СüĴһźļǷ׷ǰæ㹳ȡľͰ
ۣѽĽϪЦɷɵͷ
ڻٰһ·ɷɺĽϪߣȻŪʮ㡣
ǽͳһȫɡҢĽϪ֮ȥ׼
ȻóԣҲнġ
Ϊζɿڵ⣬ÿֻȡһ⡣ıһ⣬ۡ
Ңĳ¡ĽϪҲԽԽ
ɷȻᡣζҲѾĽϪһǳꡣ
ٽ㣬նϲֻҡΪζֻв
㷹֮ĽϪͻȻҪȥ䡣
˵ںߵǳϧҵڶûпĽϪͶҢ˵
ֻҪ뿴ھʹȥ߿䡣Ң˵˰˼ʮƥĽϪ۵糸򺣱߱Ϯȥ
һ·Ͽ˺üƥʿҲ̱˺ü
ףĺƯѪ佥صںɷ̲ס̾
ҢĽϪͷɷɶϲ˽ظΧ˳ľһΪĽϪԸõĿ䡣Ң溣һ浥һС¥
վ¥ϣԸL档
ֻһвûĽϪ̫ľϲ
Ңֶ˼⽨һ¥
ڶ¥½һ͵ˮءˮصĶ棬һǽͭ
ĽϪˮԡʱ򡣿ͨͭ俴
ͬʱҢҲɷɽһӾءΪķɷںӾ̫ΣաӾؾͽںߵɳ̲ϡ
ɷɺĽϪ
ڹҪҢعϢĽϪ¶ɫ
Ϊ˲ӰĽϪ飬Ңϲ顣
ȻвҲҢûа취
ҢĽϪͷɷɣ޾


911 ֮

Ӿ񵭵عȥš
긴һ꣬ոһա
ǳǿʢҲŽᣬ褺㡢ҢӾİյ˵ĸ£˰ǽڳ޵
Ҳڿ죬ÿ죬񣬺ͻʺϵҲǳǢ
ʺҲˣʮꡣͺһ仨һ˵´ϡ?
̫ƽӰ£ĵλһֱȵġе飬ᡣ
ҲǺܻˣ֪ԼСЩ黹ǿôͨ͸ֽ̫ƽ
ÿһι̫ƽʱִһЩ
ܿɹǣЩﶼġ
Ӱ£ƢҲĺܶࡣ
һȥ̫ƽ
̫ƽϲ˶ڸ̫ƽͻ
һĻȻѾ벻̫ƽۣΪ̫ƽϲص˴ЩĻ
ֹԶԶĿ̫ƽЦŽˮȥ
̫ôԼЩ¡ǰҪ̫ƽ
Ѿˣ̫ƽЦҵĲ軨ˣãһȥ軨ɡ
̫ƽĴ£һǰһ󣬻˻԰һǡ
̫ƽصΪԼģֵĶ̫ƽѡġ
軨̫ƽһõĹŲ軨ӡ
ۣƯ̲ס̾
ǰһ軨ϾȻɫ
߲ʺ硣
̫ҿǴûɫĲ軨Ĵս˿ʱ軨ķ˱ǡ
Ҳս˲軨ϸĶ
軨Ʒֺܶ࣬⣬ǰ軨ڰУνϡ䱦
ҪҲǲ侹ȻĲ軨
ѵýջǾһԷɡ̫ƽ
Ȼƴǡ
˸ով̫ƽ˶˳һ㡣
кзۣۻɫǳɫ
ȡһ飬һڼ
㰡ȻѾ¶ǣȴһֱܵеĻζ
ԭûģ
ϵȵĻۣڸк
̸ʱմŶ˳
ꡣߵѾ̫æ밲
檼ϡҲ׷׸밲
ɣ̧̧֣̫Ȥ޺Ľ
ոһ£㱻ǰĸסˡ
治ճһ̲֮סֳһ
ĸʦˮƽѾþûԵζĵˡ
ϲҿ԰ѳʦøϡ̫ƽЦ
ôԶĸЦҡҡͷ
һƬϼӳ˰졣
ϣƾ档΢΢¡Ķӣ·ҲŸˡ
ʺ󡣸óԵˡŮСĽʳ˹
ȷŰɣûʲôθڡͷһߡ
ʺԣҲҪΪӵĺһ롣ٻǳһɡŮֵ
⹬ŮǾرѡġҪĹǸźһ͡
ðɡЭˡʳ˹
պܿĺӡ֪еϢ˷ܵһûۡ
ȻӻûѾȡ
һҽÿ춼
ա̫ƽҲܸˡȻ֪ĺŮ̫ƽҲǰ׼׼һ롣СС·ʤ
ôСһû۸㰡Ц˽
Цӯӯߵߡ
ס֡
ˣɵƤءЦԼĶӣҪ˯ʱ֣Ҳ˯ˣǰȥ˯ˡ
ϣСһôʵ̲סЦԺҿ϶Ҫúù̹̲ܽܽС
ûãҲˣձĸˡ
ҲܿĺӣͬҲҽΡ
̫ƽЩ˽ġûиĺ׼̫Ķ
۵ʱ̫ƽ˵֪ĺŮ׼
һȥĶӽԲ·ԵúǷѾ
ҽǻǹ·ߵĶ࣬ԺʱҲ˳㡣
Դҽ˵ĺкͻȻ֮Щˡ֪ΪʲôͻȻʼպº̫类ֶԼסûпֵͯꡣ
֪ǵģҪҽʱעԼҲǾÿһλ
ʺ㿴ʲôչصĵݳһľͷӡ
һʱЦˡ
ʲôһֻײô˵


912 ɵ

ɲײϣǺջ˵
ȹʱ䣬ͻɺǺء
Ŀײϣƺײϱɺӡ
ײϻͦɰģײ߰ɡ
ڽһʱľ˺ܶࡣ
ġָŪһЩڹС㡣ڷԽԽԵ
ְۣ̫ƽʱһֻСڹ̫ƽĽϡ
һԵĹŮˡæСڹߡ
ôСŻʺ󣬿ʺӦǲ¶ˡ
̫ЦˡͦһԲĶӡС
֪̫ιǴʲôöأʵ
ǰ̫ƽÿιÿβΪɵʱ
Ϊиõ飬̫ƽÿζǾѡ
һߣسɫһһÿͿ֬۷۵ġ
ĺǹɣҲܶ£ߣżȣЩϢ
ȻŮ̫ƽͦϲģΪùܱĸׯ̫ƽùڼҪ̵ֶ
Ϊĵλ֮Ҳˡ˵ᡣ
ֻȻǲмִԵġ
ƽģԼЩֹ
ͣ࣬
ԽԽˡŮĽ˵
İȻ񻺻˵
ʵͦĽġһ쵽ôΧ
ȻѾյĺӣǸ˻Χ
õʱ񻹻ŹԼССǰȥ
ܹԼǿġ
ͱ˵ĹϵΣ񶼱һݳ⡣
ʼǴᵽͶ˺ܶС
˶Ϊܹ֮ϹҲڱæ
ѾЩ￴úܵһֻŰĹԼӡ
ű˲עʱ˽Ҳο
ûϵкŮֻҪĿľͿԡȴúܵԣԼܹ¶ӣµŮĶӿ϶̫ӵĵһѡ񻹲úõĺùϵԼĺҲһ¡
Ϊ뷨նҲһ
ڽһʱҲǾ̫ҽȥ壬żҲȥһÿչʱҲûбֵ̫Ϊ֪ոǳŹġ
ӣĶӿʼʹ
Ϊ׼˶ǵһʱ״̬
յ֪ڼҲϷϵ飬첽ķſڡ
ôкŮչеʵ
ػϡûء
Щ˼һſȥ
ŹŮǾӽպüζȥ
ڴһ߹һĽкһֻצץסյġ
ءءͻȻﴫһ
ˣˣ˶˵㵸
̫ƽһʱڡ
ҿӻŮ
ܿ죬Ҳ˹
յ˺ӵϡ
񰡣Ҫӡȴ̫ƽסˡ
Ƚģô˵Ҳȱӡ˵գ̫ƽ㽫ӽ§ԼĻ
ðСӣˡ̫ƽһºӵ
ȴһֱ۾ֻҲ߬һȭͷ
ĸҲ޿һ۰ɡýʵ
ðɣ̫ƽӵ˹ȥ
ӱͣĺֶЦ
Ū˰죬ӻһֱ۾˿ûиκӡ
㻹ǵȵȰɣȺӶЦˣȻҲЦ
ڶ죬̫ƽĹͺӣ˺ЩƷ
Ϻð¶˺̫ƽ˷ܵӵ
ȡû̫ƽ
ûأЦ˵Ѿ׼⼸ͻȡˡ
õˣ̫ƽ˷ܵ˵Ӿͽаɣһаǡ
˵òأ˵̫֮ƽ˵㺢ӵıӡ
ʱźҲˡ
檼̫󡣡̫ƽ֮ҲźӸ̫ƽ
ţܹãúӹаһɣӻĿĵġ


913 ﱲ

ܹΪĺӣȻܹһֱҪһӡȴŮ
տʼʱܹЩٵġ
ܹܿͨˡ
ŮȶӸġ˶֮뷨͸ǿˡ
ܹһĺǱ£۾ŨŨĽëԶԶȥһɻһ
ܹĴ£ǱˮɰҲüר̹
ʱʱգſ˫˹
ҲԥݺݵĽ
֣ҲոȡģϣЦڳ
Ϊ˹ոʹ˺ܶ
ƽܿضԹרŸ˸λʦѧѧǹų⣬ѧĺ档
Ϊܿ죬նԹ⣬ùԼһҽ鷿
а֮ǰȹһ൱õʱ⡣
аĳָо˺ܶ࣬ƺû̫ʧ䡣
һĵ٣һĻ
ӽ̫ƽҲԽԽæµ
Ϊ̫ƽǶͦáӸ̫ƽҲǳܡ
˯ʱҲϲ̫ƽ
ԭ̫ƽ޹ǳࡣûжĶ
Դ֮޹ͱ÷ǳҡ
ÿطƶ
̫ƽ״̬ΪúǿԹøġ̫ƽùŮ׼˺ܶĺʳ
ҪԣҪԡŮһӵʱ򣬹æڵϡɿ˹ȥ
ţаҲŹڹ֮ǰץһӡ
ңҵġ죬һѹӡ
ﻹкܶӡþѽаķ
ġǾﲻƽ
ֲȥ
ôˣʲô鰡̫ƽ˹
ҵӡߵ
֪ԭί̫ƽЦùŮӶƤ¶
ǳ԰ɡӾû˰ɡ̫ƽԼҲһ飬ҧ
аøպ񣬼һģ̳ġ
̫ƽаҲ˸Ҫ
ÿʱ䶼涨ãҿҲ涨á
տʼʱаЩִ
һʱӦ֮аҲϲ˿顣
ΪаԸõĳɳ̫ƽרŸаһ䡣
ⷿڶ鼮̫ƽӸֻ
Ͳһ̫ƽԹûʲôҪ
ֻǹҲааʲôҲһԡ
ʱڶװķǳƯĵ߸߹
ҪҪһȷ롣
һֱϲֹֹļҲǷǳ˵á
ðҪʲôϾܸҽ̫ƽǳġ
ùŮæһЩ϶׼
ܿаҲΧ˹
Ҫʲô𣿡аİŪϵĶ
ű𶯡ҪŪˡһһ˵
ʱ̫ƽҲش˹
ôģ̰ܲܽ̽ң̫ƽЦʵ
Ŀһ̫ƽȻ󽫲ϵݸ̫ƽ
ɣʲôҲʲôһ˵ġ
ҲһݣŹһ̫ƽ˳ҲݸаһͬĲϡ
Χӣȴû˵ϰ˶ʮֵܰ
ھһʱæµ֮󡣹̧ͷſ˫ս
󹦸ɣڴҵİæ¡ĺ߸ߵĹ
̫Ưˣ̫ƽ̲ס̾ɱֺÿˡ
ڵϻ˺ܶ໭
̫ƽһĳȻԼơ
⻭ʲôأ̫ƽЦ׷ʵ
Ƿŷݵĳָеһ˵
ҼǵҼǵáʱҰѷݷŵȥòײûġһԵаͻȻ˵
Ŷǵģǡ̫ƽȻ򣬡㻭Ŀ񰡡̫ƽͷ
˺ü̫ƽаҲԼĵ
Щʱ򣬹ڶʱϲ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ滭˸ֲͬݣҲʮֵȤ
аʱʮעаӪ
ÿһ춼ȥаʳס
аθҲõúܺáۼų˺ܶࡣ
̫ƽǶڸаġ
̫ƽⲻԵǲġа̫ϲԵġ
ǹϲԵġ
ÿŮѵ͹֮󣬹ϻܹȥ
֪䡣˲١
ֹˣʱ
Ҫ׼ʳÿͶסˡ
ùǿգ̫ܵƽȥ״ĸﳼĸǲ̫ˣ


914 뿪һ

޵滨̫꣬ƽʱ۲ѡ
ǣ̫ƽеԼǰǳӵʱ̫ʳǲǲ̫á
ǹʵڳ̫ˡôȥԺݲˡһԱߵĹ˵
ÿһأóԵģ̫ƽһĿŹ
ԥһ£ÿҲóԡ
Ŀ󰡡̲ס˵
Ҳǲԡ̫ƽЦóԶԳԣٳһڣͲôˡ
Ժܲٳһأ
ԥһ¡Ȼĵͷ
˼꣬аһꡣ
òҲԽԽӢˬʡ
̫ƽԽϲ
ֻаĳа̫ƽߵʱԽԽ١
ƽаȥ鷿顣
ʱҪȥջ㱨
ЩʱаҪȥ䣬ѧϰ䡣
⣬Ҳа˺ܶණ
ʱܹа̫ƽģֻʣʳˡ
С̫ƽ֪аĿζ
˷ڵʱ̫ƽǰʳ׼á
аѾºܶ࣬˽յʱҲȥ̫ƽͬʱ̫ƽ
ĸ밲ˣаһţ͸̫ƽ
̫ƽæԹа
վҿֳ˲١̫ƽаֱۡ
ĸķȣϲϲ˵ţаһߣŪ£촵
ۣã̫ƽĵаļ
̫ˡ
ĸﳼҲˡһԵĹҲóһӡ
Ŷʲôء̫ƽѾЦĺϲ£ˣĴһԭһƯ˿
ĸȥһ԰ɡϲʡЦ˵
ʣһͺʣҺϲɫ̫ƽһЦһ߽˿ΧԼĲϡ
Ư˺ܶࡣа϶ĵͷ
˿ְ̫ϲˣҾԸġ
ûãһڵĵĶ˳
а͹̫ƽңЦϡԥ
̫ƽȻͲСˣɿƤ£üĿ㡣
Ϊ˴֣ôˣڣȥԪˡ
ȻȥֻҪס¾Ϲÿ죬Ԫһһ
İաӾգҮĽϪᣬϣ̫ƽҪȥڻʹﰲꡣ
̫ƽܾˣ̫ƽһҪߡ
Ҷӵ̫ƽ̫ƽǺúø֮󣬾ͶԪǰЩѻ±ϡԪȥˡ
ЩѻʵѾȺѻˣԪѻĺˣ̫ƽȻúõιǡΪЩѻԪѪ
̫ƽϣ˰æ˸СӣȻЩæ˾Ͷˡ
̫ƽһסһ˺ܶѩ
ѩҲ֣ΪͺÿֻһλԣƽҲҪôˮѩԳ¶ҪôģԻ
̫ƽѩֱֱ̾ϧˣԪûеõСʱĸ˫׳һʵۣ˴ʵֺͼΪİȥ
ֶ֮ûܹҮû
磬ˡԺҲ롣̫ƽ±ϣſնڰµ˵ѩԶӡ
ѩſһΣŵʱ򡣻ﶼŵõĻ㡣
ôôѵãͺ̫ƽԪһңңɼ
ÿ죬̫ƽǼҰ伢ȻѻǺܻᲶʳʱʱظ̫ƽץ񵰶ʹ̫ƽûӪ
Ϊ˲ûԣ̫ƽɽϿ˼Ķأͷⶹˡ
̫ƽúء˳ԵҪŬ·дӻʹ˹·ʮ¶꣬ԣ̫ƽҪɣ֯ˣÿչõҲࡣ
δѩʱ̫ƽͻѻǶסԼķ̫ƽڷҲ˺ܶѻʱѡ
죬ܲҪˣѻһֻһֻطɻﲻǵ⣬ǵ񵰣̫ƽķ
̫ƽ԰Ĵٰù̶㡣
֮ǰϺļڣ˺ܶ硣̫ƽΪֲǶůʹ˴ֲڴ
̫ʱͰѴﶥ˴򿪣û̫ʱͰѴﶥ˹رգγůĿռ䣬޷磬Ϻ޿ȣֲǲˮ۵ĲŹء
ʱ򣬴ȷпܻᱻ͵üʮӰǹ̶
ǹ̶أ


915 

ԭкܶʯֻҪӵһϵЩʯϣһ߰ŴĸǣôιɵĽˡ
Ȼ̫ƽѴɨøɸɾġ
ʮֻѻҪסɾôУѻǺܰɾࡣ
Ȼ̫ƽ˺ܶҰҲɽ״ף⡣
Ҳ˺ܶһշһѻڴڡ
ôԵģ±ҹҲˡ̫ƽЦ
ѻҲܸˣڷȥһҲûо÷С˼
ˡ̫ƽѻ׼⡣
ѻǳԵúܿġ
ҹˡ̫ƽո˯£꽻ӣݶҡ
̫ƽ˵Ǽٵġ
ǣ̫ƽǱűӣǿбԼ˯ţɷʵ̫ˡ
̫ƽǰѷڴǰĲľѾס˴󲿷ֵķˡӷ϶⿴ȥľȷѾˡ
ϵķرġ
Ϊڵ̫ˣԭܶ˶̫ƽȲҪסϣ٣ʱȵɽ±һܡ
ǣѾ̫ƽܶƲѣ̫ƽǡ
ȺѻЩֲ䷿ӡ
ԣ̫ƽѡ
ˣ׼Ҳ׼ˣǷȴĻҪңͻҵľս
ѻǺܹԣһϢȻǿ϶Ҳ˯ŵģǲٸ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽ²ͼʯͷȻΪر䣬̫ƽ¯
ڻǰ̫ƽ濾˼
ҹ˯ˡ
ϻһãǲǺˮΪˮɽġ
ûãˣ̫ƽ͵ͳˣǣӾͱʵˡ
̫ƽ˸Ƿ̫̫ˡ̲ס̫ƽſڲ˯ˡ
˯˯ˡ˯ȴ̤ʵجΣǾѡΪ̫ˣӾһȻҡθͣĻ˭˯õġ
̫ƽҲμԪԪʹ
磬߾ͺˣܷʲôҶẦˣ
ʲô鶼Էʲô˶Լ
̫ƽʱѾˣǷ궼ûͣҲûмٵӡ
ѻǿû˯ãڻͷ񵽳˯ء
̫ƽǰ˿ɫʱ˺ڶӻ
̫ƽóһЩȱõĳӡѳӵ飬ѻʳ׼á
ѻ˹ʼΧ̫ƽת
԰ɣ԰ɡ̫ƽѻë
ʱŷкܴķ紵ҪҪƵġ
ʱ̫ƽȻãѻΪĸоҲ֪ʲôʱܹȥ٣ǲȱԺȣǿԶ໥ȡů
֪̫ƽѾЩѻˡ
ѻǳֺˮ̫ˣֿǷ̫СʺǷСǸɴҲûɣվԴ˳Ϣ
̫ƽʼ飬д֡ǾϾ۵糸ġ
ﻹˮûãܾȻʼ©ˮ̫ƽˮһ棬̫ƽӣվø߸ߵģľܶ
һҪ޲ãҪȻһƵⷿӾûˡ
ôķֻ䣬̫ƽѻǻȥأܲɽȥǱɵˡ
ԣ̫ƽŲᷳȥ޲ܣܲûȫ𻵡ȴ˼ľ嶤ͺˡ
ϣûôˣǻǲܹš
̫ƽֻԼģһžҪˡ
Ϊ˽̫ƽŶûпﴢ㣬̫ƽʲôȱ
ѻǳ˷ͶϢˡ
̫ƽڴЩп
һ˯ñȽϺãٱáΪ̫ƽѾϰˣڿ˯
Ȼûã̫ƽ˯ˣ̫ƽԼǲˣԼʲôʱ˯ŵģȴ˯˸ġľجζûС
ڶ죬̫ƽҲһᴲѻǱ̫ƽѵ磬͹Թվһţȴ̫ƽ׼Եġ
̫ƽ˸ˡ
ƺû̫ƽǰһģ̫ˣȻѾͣˡ
ѹ̫ƽܳɹΪѽ
̫ƽæ򿪴ţȥһº÷羰˭֪ȴǰľɵˡ
ľѾ£Ҷùͺͺġ
ɽѾûһʯͷ֮ǰֲϵĴﾹȻöᣬڣ̫ƽֻǰЩ̶ϣ̶ʯͷϣѴĵײ
ˣӴʯͷǶˣǴﰲȻ
̫ƽֲҲȻˡ


916 ȥ

̫ƽժ˵ԼֵĲҶͻȥˡ
ͣˣϵҲûʲôرı仯ľֲҲͲࡣ
̫ƽţɽϵƬֿѾˡ
ȥûˣƽȥҳԵأ̫ƽǵ˵
ûа֣һסϣȷܶ鶼ҪԼˣ鷳Ҳˡ
ľˡﵹҵ˺ܶʵҰˡ
̫ƽͿЩҰ˻ȥˡ
ûã̫ʺ̫ƽôˣȻҲʳסҪģüӵĶ
̫ƽգиԼǲġ̫ƽľʹӦˡڣΪд̫̫꣬ƽͲܲˡ
ҪԼģǣ̫ƽ̫ҹϹˡ˺ܶƷ
̫ƽյ⣬Ҳûж֣ȫ˶˵ԼܺãղҪٵԼԺ˹ˣԼڲȱԣȱȣôķ磬ҲǧһģҲûа̫ƽķӸεԺ͸ӲҪʲôյĵˡ
̫Ц̫ūһתϣҲעⰲȫǻϵϣ㲻֪뿪֮󣬻ж㡣
ӵģչ鶼Ҫ뿪ĸģʵҲǣ֪÷ֵʱҪֵġ̫ƽ̾˿˵
Ϊ˼Ԫ̫ƽҪǣһһġ
Ҳֻ̫ƽ뱲ӣ̫ƽһ麢ǡ
ֻǣ̫ƽѡ뿪Ϊ̫ƽиҪҪ
δ֮󣬾ˣ̫ƽסϣûʲô̫Ĳˡ
̫ƽҰ޵ģΪ˱̫ƽƽɽϰпֵܳҰ޶ɱˡ
̫ƽҲ֪ʲôġ
һȥڵѩˡ
졣Ʈ˵ѩȽ䣬̫ƽ˫ϣһشѩ׾ӨĻ
磬㿴ѩڿˣҵ꣬ڵȵһ졣̫ƽϲһУڿԽˡ
ǿʢ߹ȸӰţƽ£߹СҲֻÿķݡҹƳոԣҵҰʳ㣬ҵʢ
̫ƽĺǣҲɼҵĳɼңŮŮ
̫ƽˣáһԪҲˡ
ǣ̫ƽֵأջһڲˣͶ˳ԡ
Ȼ̫ƽĲѻǣǸô꣬ҪˣҲ߰ɡ
ǣѻǲͬ⣬̫ƽɡ
ѵҪȥģǷȥδܷɵû̫ƽȰ
ѻȴԵؽţûߡ
ðɡÿ˻߶ﶼԼѡǰ·ȨҲǿǡ̫ƽȻˡ
ѩѾήˣΪѩֻһλÿֻʱ
ҹ̫ƽϣԱ߾ǿήѩǰǳ
磬㿴ϵķǶôԺҲһ̫ƽһ뵽Ϊ˾ңһ¡ѡңҶĺӡϧˣҮȴѾˡ
ĴƺڻӦ̫ƽĻ
㣬һ빲ġǲ֮ͬͬͬͬͬͬǰûΪ˺ǣΪ˴һкܶûɣڣ¾Ǹ㳤ء̫ƽЦҲûʲô赲ˡ
̫ƽԪ͵壬ϣڵ¡һԾ
ѻǣҲ׷׷ȥû˿ԥ
ʱպȻξѣĸĸ󣬲ҪߡҪ
ôˣ߸մʵ
޸ղεĸȥѰҸˣУһҪȥϿֻпĸŻᰲġ˵´̫ǽ¡
ǳͻݣã檺һȥ
ҹպ򵥳˵㶫ͳˡ
Եۺɽ
ߣĸΪŸʣƾŮӵһɼǵİжôꡣո̾
ͷ氮ǲģĸУԶߡ
պ֣໥ߣжټ裬Ƕ¡
Ҳ˿ûУΪһξôڶЦգû˵ôڣߣĬĬ֧յÿ
֪̫ƽһǱļ͵Ůӡԣ̫ƽŻѡΪһͺ


917 û

ţȻһӣˤȥʱսסǣΪԣ»ȥţҲ䡣
˻ӵţ¹
ҺãǽպҪȻԵۺҪһԿԧˡ
ǳжΪ˾ȳ檣㡭
޵İ޲áǶ˭أ˵
ۺ󵽴ʱĴҲ̫ƽȴϣҵһ塣
ϳˣԪ͸̫ƽĶ
ˣ̫ƽѾ£ԪԶһˡ
չĸ󡣶Բˡ
ߣֻз졣
ʵϣһҪǿĸҪ㣬壬ͬĸһ㡣ĸԶ뿪ǡ
յͷסĸԸҲĸֵġǣ޻Ǻڣûжĸ󡣵ǣԺϧǰˣúô㡣
Ͻӵ
ȥղû̫ƽݱǣȴԪһڻ꣬¹ڣ
ûжΪУϣ̫ƽŵġ
ĸһýɽûʵ۵ġĸҲŻ漣һ͸ʣĳգƵ˵
̫ƽ֮󣬱ΪǱˡ
߾Ǻķ
Ҳ֪ô£Ȼ̫ƽֻԼƮӯӯġ
ѵѾ𣿡̫ƽһ۾
ԭѻ
ѻǳŵģһһ̺һ̫ƽ棬ȶĳǶ
ѻǾʽס̫ƽذ̫ƽµ¡
ǣϾѻԵĿһˣֲ֧̫ʱ䡣
Ȼ쵽µµʱѻڼֲסˣͰ̫ƽһϡ
̫ƽڵµ»һξģңԽǽӽײԽƣͿʲô
ڡ̫ƽѻǡ
ѻǰ̫ƽ̽ǰ·
Ƿɹµ£ֺܿ˻ˣѻصʱ䣬̫ƽжϳµײԶء
ѻΧ̫ƽתС
֪ǵ˼ллǾңǡҼȻ¶˾ҪҾ͸£жԶ̫ƽƽ˵ѻǣȥ֮ôԶǵǵġ
ѻǷһš
ҪңܽôһҪú÷ɳȥúչԼ̫ƽѻǵëֵתȥûһ˿ԥı顣
̫ƽΪǱˣҲãͿԼԪˡ
˭֪ž̫ƽˤ˲ݵϡ۰
Ȼ屻ˤúۣǣ̫ƽ˻ѵġ
ƺҲûˡֻǱƤˡ
̫ƽ۾ԼһƬݵϣܶľԶСϪ
óôһأ̫ƽɻѻʽ˹̫ͣƽĸߴߴؽиͣƺڻ̫ƽû
ѻǣҾȻˣô˵ҲûԲԣ̫ƽ̾˿˵Ϊʲôôأ
ǣĻ̫ˣԴһ㣬̫ƽһʱˣ١ȹ羰ɡ
̫ƽʱˡ
Ȼ̫ƽվʼĴߡ
ѻ̫ˣΪ˾̫ƽѻѾһУƣˡ̫ƽͲҪѻǸȥǣѻǾ͵Ϣ
̫ƽһ˹羰ġ
µ׵Ŀͺϴʮһȥһڣ;øޱȡ
̫ƽһ˺ôһ
绹ţסҲͦõġ̫ƽֲˣ̾˿˵һϲ
ϵ磬Ѿˣɱ
µͺһһů͹̫ϣůġ
̫ƽΪڻǴ졣
СϪˮ峺ףҲܶ࣬Ϊƽû˻ץ㣬ĵӷˡ
̫ƽְˮԼϣ
̫ƽŵӣҨһƵˮҴˮˡ
ˮôã϶Ǻġ
˳֣̫ƽʼץ㡣
㲻ץΪˮ㡣ûԸսǲŹ˶õĺƽڼ䣿
һսͲˡ
סˮƽǿġ
̫ƽӣһͻٻˮʧȥϵıʧ룬˳
̫ƽһ֣ץһ㣬ǣرʴô


918 Բ

̫ƽѲҰץ㶼ù֧һտӿԵıģѻҲΧһԡ
ȥ䡣̫ƽȻϲ
̫ƽҲûʲôΪ̫ƽ˵Ѿûнˡ
һҹ̫ƽȴ˯øⰲġ
峿ʱ̫ƽܿ֡
̫ƽ緹ɽˮ
磬֪ĺϲϧܺһס̫ƽ˵
šţȻǰ澹Ȼ̡
ѵµҲס𣿡̫ƽǴһǼȻд̣һˡߡȥ
Ȼ񴦣һͰľݡ
ľݺ£ľݱһש滹и̴ѡ
ľݱϻиʣﻹмֻ
ĸڿĽУµˡ
̫ƽ˽ȥҲˡ
Щƽټİˣ̫ϤˣԶ¡
Ҳɴ˿ɼһԼǳá
˭ͻȻľ洫һ
һ˵̫ƽһΪʵ̫Ϥˡ
Ϥ˹ǣ⼸̫ƽ
ܡһ̫ƽˡ
̫ƽԼ˻ˡ
Ϊ̫һˣڶ߶ԣġ
̫ƽ̾˿Ҫ뿪ȻǸ߳˷䡣
̫ƽĿԡ
һۣ̫ƽӯˡ
һΰɣһģһġ̫ƽˣΪǰֵԪ
ʱգӢˣüĿ续򡣺ڷͬĨͣԳᣬӢ
ţ뿪ʱɫӣ紵Ʈɣٷ硣
ΣҲҪ㡣̫ƽȥסԪ
ϵǣԭ̫ƽΪסһӰ˭֪̫ƽסģһʵʵ壡һԪǸֱۻȵġܺġҺȵġˣ
̫ƽֱšסˡ
ʱԪҲӯˣ̫ƽ̫ƽҵô꣬ڴôôɵأΪʲôҪ
һϯݺݵ̫ƽģ̫ƽϲ磬˼ǣ㻹ţ㻹ǲǣ
Ԫͷ촽ϳϸϸĺʱûԪκκۼ졣ҺһͬˤˣңȴΪһסˣӹһҾԼԼˡ㵣ģҺüҪȥʵ̫ˡҸȥֻ￪ʼΪⱲҲˣû뵽㡭ôôɵأΪʲôҪ
̫ƽٸнǧﶼ˺˵ֻǽرסԪ
ʱȵ壬Ϣ壬ϣ
Ҫſң·ſˣξѹˡٴμ㡣һƬӰҲÿγϣʱٴңҡ̫ƽʵ
Ԫס̫ƽ̫ƽԸ⣬ӴˣҲ뿪㡣
磡
̫ƽ
˽һ
ֻ֮ӵ
Щ˼š
మֻϦ
ٸҹҹʹ࣬ڿԽˡ
̫ƽЦˣǸΣҲΣһɣ
һʱ󣬶ڶ侲̫ƽԪЩ飬Լ̫ƽΪʲôҪȥ
ǵĺڶܺãǵﱲˡҺ㣬Ҳû㣬ѡȥ̫ƽԪĻ˵
ǶþͺãӴǿԴ㲻һֱסԴҵǵҸԪ˵̫ƽĺڷ
ôˣ̫ƽƤǺʱһĺãڷͬһֱϸ塣
Ԫֱǰ֡
ѻǷˡ
Щǵѻǵĺ̫ƽʵһֱû뿪ҡûǣ£ҾˣҲˡ
ԪѻǣԶһ𣬰ѻǡ
ϣ̫ƽͺԪһ˯
ǣÿ죬Ԫ̫ƽ࣬ѻͼιʳֵء̫ƽͰֵأżҲ塣
ûбҰޣԵĺȵĶȱҲûп꣬ҲûϺ
һжôƽů
̫ƽҲԪ·ЬӣһһԪꡣ
ΪвϣԪ֮ǰϱɣ
ϱɣҶ˿˼ӣ̫ƽȥ˿
ǾԸ㣬ˡ
ѻǣҲڵطȥ


919 Դ

ûУֻʤʳѻȻҲܿģס
£Ԫ̫ƽҪˮϽ˹ȥ
˵ˡˮ飬ֻԪ̫ƽ۾˵
ɽµƬŴƬͲ˻
ȥĿơ
Ԫ䶼ź𣿡̫ƽһڴʵ
šѾźˣһÿ䶼װһľꡣԪЦ˵۷Ҳ±ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰѻľ飬һԪ÷ˮ
·ȥһɡ̫ƽָָԪ䡣
ԭԪ䲻֪ʲôʱȾһƬͣںġ
صڣʱ˲١
Ԫģ˺ܶʯͷ
ԭľͷıʯͷӸ졣
ռĲ̷ŵ̨֮Ԫ㿪ʼ
ǳʲôأ̫ƽĿ۹Ķֻһ
ȲҪż΢֮͸͸źóԡԪŵͷ̽˳
ûã̴Ʈ죬ʵζԺӡ
ʱ̫ƽԺæµ
ÿõʱ̫ƽԪԺԷ
ԺӵıϳһøߴĻïܵҶӣһѾ޴ĻڳһƬӰӡ
̫ƽͰӰ
ϵĲ;ߣҲԪġ
ˣˡԪЦŴ󺰵һ˳һ΢
æµһ磬̫ƽҲЩˡ
治̫ƽЦ
ζǲ˵ţԪȸԼһ
ʱѻ˹
ЩͣһԵϣЩֱͣӱߡ
ôҲҪ𣿡̫ƽһսһֻѻߡ
ѻҲ㣬һ̽죬Ͱҧȥһ顣
á첻
֮⣬ϻһǺһϹϡ
ίˡԪͻȻһĿ̫ƽ
ʲô̫ƽ׼һãȻʵ
ǰÿ춼ܳԵɽ亣ζġ
֪ҲϲЩ̫ƽѾµԪҪ˵ʲô
ԷɣһҪȥϱôˡ
ӵıϣ̫ƽ˺Щײϡ
ǳʱ̫ƽҪЩɣҶȥ
ţ㿴ѻԪЦ˵
ȴֻѻͻȻͷ̧һĿһԪ
ˡ̫ƽЦ
ţѻСۡԪҧһ
̫ƽȥϷԪȥ˺ߡ
Ϊ̫ƽܳԵЩζԪνǽʾ֭ںߣԪһͣ͵棬һŴԪԷƵġ
һΣԪһ򾵱
ԪæŲʱ򡣺Ȼܲ
ֱˣ
ʱ̫ƽɣϷæµɣҶ¾ǳʪϱʷǳ˳ʪɣҶ֮ͻӣصľͻ
Ԫ˲ʰˮĹߡ첽ܻɣϷ
̫ƽ̫ƽҪˡԪĺе
̫ƽСų
Ժɹ˺ܶɣҶ
ЩɶһһժģҪǱʪˣЩϱɶҪӡ
ԪĶܿ죬зҶһеɣҶս
Сĵ㣬ҪɣҶŪˡ̫ƽҪԪ̫ܶ࣬ƽ֪ЩɣҶǷǳġЩϱҲǷǳޡƽҵǲҪԵġ
¡¡һ쳹ɽȡ
ˡ̫ƽҲŵЩֽæҡ
Ҳ֣˵ͱ̫ƽԹġ
ûüϾͺá֮ǰɣҶɹ鲼ϣԪֱӽ鲼ٵĽ鲼ϵڡ
Ȼһҵᱡһһ鲼ȴǷǳĳء
ûԶҪȻҶ֪ôˡԪеҵսڡ
̫ƽŴ̾
û£ءԪЦͷΪղʵ̫æԪѾʪһ
ôˣ̫ƽͻȻԪֱһƬɫŵشչȥһۡ
Ѫˣ̫ƽĲһ£ԪֱʶĶһ¡
û£ֻһƤˡԪЦһ鲼Ѫ˸ɾ
СĵΪá̫ƽѹüͷ˵
Ϊ˷ֹԪ˿ڸȾ̫ƽȥһЩҩ
ѹӢѼݣЩҩĥ̫֮ƽĨԪ˿ϡ
ŵ㣬ܻЩʹ̫ƽ˵
Ԫԭ̫ƽ֣ԪҲ˳̫ƽ˼
⼸㶼ܸɻ̫ƽһ˵
ãһжġԪЦ
ʱԪͻȻ뵽ǲĹ߻ں㼱ææĸϵߡ
̫ƽҲһ˹ȥ
ۣö㰡


920 Ҹƽ

Ԫȥ̫ƽȥסˡ
𶯣ֻء̫ƽǰһԪǰ
㿴Ͽ԰ˡ
ΪС̫ƽһԽֻµһ
Щͦġ֪ҪһȻͶ̫ƽЦúϲ£졣
ҲǡԪЦǰ󸩡
ƽԪƳһ̫ƽζҪԼշ
ڱϵŰɡ̫ƽԪЦ
Ȼ̫ƽ鲢ࡣ̫ƽȴǳԡ֮ǰԪɱ㣬򵥵Ļһ£編ƣŪøɸɾ
ǵԪˡ̫ƽЩҩ
򵥵׽£̫ƽôտһ
Ϊ⽥Ʈζ
ζ֪ζΣԪһЦ˵
ʵԪ붯̫֡ƽһЩ顣
Ǻü̫ƽֱӾܾˡ̬ʮֵļ
ˣɲټˮȥԪѵ
֮⡣̫ƽ˼
ȻôϵΣζͦġ
ˣõ˿Գˡ̫ƽʳϡȻݸԪһ˫ӡ
ͻȻ䣬̫ƽľͣ˿С
ΪԪְţܺܺõʹÿӡ
ˣ㻹ǲҪÿˡι԰ɡ
˵̫ƽŲԪıϡ
ôˡȳһڱɡ˵̫ƽӱһ飬պʺԪһڳԵĴС
ԪЩ˼ȥ̫ƽݹı
ܶ֡
̫ƽֱӽԪߡ
ſ
ԪûѡֻùԹԵſ͡
ҧӱһ̣Ԫʱ㡣
Ԫ˱̫ƽָԪҨһ
͵Ԫ֮ǰ촵˴
һӱһ̫ƽһӱιԪҲȥһ롣
ԼҲ԰ɣˡԪߴٵ
û£ԼŪء
̫ƽǿϢ¡Ԫϵ˻ָĺܿ졣
û죬˿ھͻȬˡ
죬Ļĺޡ
͵۷䲻֪ƣرһ㻨۶ͽ䳲ۡ
Ԫ뿴·ĽȡϷ·۷ĳ
ԣ˲Ҵ˲ӣ۷ɽɾǱŶҧˡ
ȷȫ֮Ԫֻ˷
ֻ쵽һ롣ķۡ
߲ͦģԪһϲ˳ץһѷ۳
ۿǸöڷá
ȡ֮Ԫ۷ֳݡ
һݷ̫ƽɣʱ򣬸̫ƽˮȣһݣ׼̫ƽġ
ΪĽӴɣϺɣҶ̫ƽֱȴǰֲ˺ܶࡣ
Ԫ
֮۷䣬һҪԭ򡣾Ϊ̫ƽԸЩ
𰡣ʲô𣿡̫ƽһݣŵζ
ӿԪЦŽˮ˳æ˴죬ڿ˰ɣȰɡյġ
ߣһҪ𣿡̫ƽЦŽ˹ˡ
ǰʡԪЦ
ɣҪ˿ˣθҲرãҪȥɣҶ̫ƽЦ
ãҺһȥԪ˵
ڶ죬΢΢
̫ƽˡ̫ûкңɣҶϻһЩ¶ˮɣҶ۵ģҲǲϱϲġ
̫ƽ߳⡣ζŷԪѾˡ
ˣԵ緹ɡԪЦ˵ġ
ʱ̫ƽŷѾڷź㣬ʢ΢΢ð
ϻиճõ߲ˡ
ôô簡̫ƽ˷ܵЦ
˯ţԾҪæµһ죬緹ҪԱСԪ˵
̫ƽûпһ߿ĵĳ
ǳ˼̫ƽȥԪû
ô𣿡̫ƽʵ
ѾԹһЩˡһں棬ǿԴӳȥ
ӡ̫ƽȵ۾
ӿǵ÷һЩġ
ԪѾһķˣȻӡ
԰ҪĻǳ̵أԪЦʵ
̵İɡ̫ƽԥһ˵ġ
ƽԶˣ̫ƽҲ뻻ζ
ã⡣Ԫóǰɹ÷˸ɺƵ̲ˣٵİ˼ӣȻˣǶȷʵ
ðζ˴Ρ
һж׼֮󣬳̫պýһƽ


921 ɽ̸

Ԫǰ棬̫ƽظں档
ΪҪȥװܶɣҶԪصشһ
ɣҶһɽϣܶһƬ̴Ҵҵġ
Ϊߵ٣ɽ·Ұû
Сĵ㣬ҪȻǰ߰ɡ̫ƽϵ̫ƽǰ档
ʱͻȻӲݴһߡ̫ƽһ
СģԪϽ
ոպý̫ƽ
ʲô𣿡Ԫûзʲô
ΪܹţٵԱߵС·ˡ
ʱ̫ƽŷԭһߡ
գҪǸղǰܱҧľҡ̫ƽδ˵
Ϊ˰ȫԪ˽Ų
ͬʱԪصؼһ֦̫ƽ
Ԫİ£̫ƽɼһɣҶ
̫֮ƽڲϷæˡ
еɣ϶СȺĸһ̫ƽ
ԪʱѾʼæˡ
̫ܹɹȵףԪ춼Ų˻⡣
̫֮󣬱ɢζ
̫ɹӵʱԪص
һ죬ԪһЩ̫ƽϲԵĸ㡣
Щ㶼Ԫɽȵ֮ѧġ
˳Էʱ̫ƽŴӲϷ
Ŀ治ϰŵʳ̫ƽʱʳ
ɣҰõùͺˡ
ʱֻѻ˹
ƺõģһЩͣԪߣһЩ̫ͣƽϡ
ҲԪЦŸѻͶȥһЩ㣬ѻ˷ܵĴ򣬷ص
Ϊûرİţ̫ƽԪԵĺ
֪䡣ǳա
ҲƲ̽ͷ
ɫҹɫɽ¿ڵ
Ư̫ƽתȦ
Ϊڵ¹ֱսȵ׵ࡣ
ѾǲϴοʱˣԪ̫ƽĶŲһλá¹Լϡ
¹ˮ͸⡣ڵͶ°߲涵Ӱ
ʱԪͻȻ֣̫ƽ޽Ƿһ׹⡣
Ԫ뿴ġ
ˡԪŲ̫ƽߣ˵
ôͻȻ˵Ҿͦĵġ̫ƽĿԪ
ţ㿪ˡ⣬ʵǲ̫ϣþСԪ˵
ʵ̫ƽϣҲΪ˿ֻڹȵ׵ЩϿԸõĳʵ
ʱԪĿ̫ƽ޽ǵĨ׹Ⲣǰͷ
Ԫ֪ĺϢһʱЦ
ôˣʲôЦ𣿡̫ƽʵ
ûû£ԪһЦ
ԪЦѻɢѻڵҲͶһһ߲Ӱӡ
ûáطֻʣԪ̫ƽ˰
Ҳʱ
ͺûһ
ʱ̫ƽԪѾˡ
ǽɫʡ̫ƽԪ˭ûվ
յͣסĽŲޱؽ¹̫ƽԪϡ
Եķҡ֦
ƺʲô
˵ǻأ̫ƽͻȻʵ
Ѿ˺óһʱˡԪͣƬ̣˵
ԭΪԼ˶áƺϲ
ҿҲǡԪ˵̫ƽͻȻЦתҿ㵹Ǻ
ȷǳݣһԪϲĺԵ㡣
ûʲôر飬ԪһҲۡ
̫ƽչɣϵ鼸̫ƽÿҪ顣
ʵ̫ƽҲǺȱɣ˿ȥɣϷһȦ̫ƽͻȫ
̫ƽϤıӰԪ·֮صǰ
ϤһĻĻӿԪǰ
˵᲻ʲô仯ˣ̫ƽʵ
ǵ˰죬ԪûлӦһȵĺ
̫ƽתؿʱŷԪѾ˯ˡ
Ҳ˯ţ̫ƽ΢΢
ҹˣѾһ˿⡣
̫ƽûϽԪ
ת̫֮ƽܿһ̺˳Ȼ̺ĸԪϡ
ʱ̫ƽûл˯
ͬҲԼһ̺ӡȻ󾲾ĿӰڿҡΡ
żֻѻһϷɵһϡʱɽֶ˯š
˲ãԪҪʱ˹ŵ̺ӣԪʲôˡ
ʱ̫ƽѾ˯ȥ
¶ˮ̫Ԫؽ̫ƽȵͻڡ
һյ齣ԪŽ̫ƽЬѵ
̫ƽķ˸ֳ˯ȥˡ
ԪŪ̫죬Сİ̫ƽӸǺãȻĽŹϡ


922 鱻

ֹһЩꡣ?
ʥɳ褺ӾԱսڰѱ߹еƽˣӾҲõ˾飬׸ա
ٳ֮ϻȥģǰ棬ȷӾϱ档
˭֪Ȼʹ鲻ˡ
˵ĵйãΪľ˷ˡ
Ӱȥ٣ӾһʱҲҲǡ
ʱ¡̫ƽԪɶмӣʱϣû¶ٺۼ
Ϊƽ˾Ҳڲݵϡ£ںӱߣÿһǾĵطһȡ
ʱԪǳ
̫ƽѯ£ԪϣΪҮ
ûԪĺӡԪҲô뿴ҮһۣҮҲһ׵ġ
ȥɡ̫ƽԪĹ¶Ԫסÿɱ̫ƽöˡ
ǣϲԪ˵
Ҹϲһ𡣡̫ƽЦ˵ˣѾܾûˣ㲻֪ڳ˶ʲôӡ
Ԫ̫ƽǣôȥأ
ѻ˺üѾܶˡǵµġǸԷͻȥ̫ƽЦ
ѻ𣿡Ԫһһûİ취
ԵģΪǷѻҲۣȥˣǣǾͿԶҸˡ̫ƽ㽵˵
ȷѻõص㣬㿴ﷱֳô࣬ԭȵ˺üԪͷʾͬ
ѽûǵУȴгʳ궼ûСѻֻҪÿëԳԺȺȣͿˡ̫ƽȴԪؿѻǣ磬ǲ뿪ѻǣ
Ԫѻǣ˵ǵ棬˵ʵҵȷЩáƲɼá
ǰ硣ûвɢϯѻʵͦõģΪǵġǻһһȥġ
šԪ֣صصͷǿʼ׼ɡ
뿪ʱҲһתۡ
뵱̫ƽԹ޻ڵȥʱû뿪ġ
ǣȥΪԪҪȥҲΪ
ѼȺԪÿһֻѻӵ˵Ҫˣؾˡ
ѻʾӦ
һʵӣѻʮֻʮֻо٣һë̺񶯳ǶԪ̫ƽȥȥ
ʮֻѻˣʮֻϡ
һȺһȺأ˰ʱͰѶ¡
վϣ̫ƽֱţ磬ôֻˡ
ڣﶼһԪЦ
̫ƽԪٴӵѻǡ£ָ𣬡пҪǡ
˵ǿѻԶȥӰ̫ƽ֪ģȲҪ˵֮ѻǲǻҵõǣôߵ£Ҳȥġ
ȥѾ˺֮ˡ
Ѿˣ磬Դúùƽġӡ
ѻǵӰһСԲ㡣ֱʧԪʵллǡټ
Ȼʰ飬ɽȥ
Ȼ뿪µˣȴñϳҲصʹ
ʱϸԶһЩʯǾͰϵʯ䵱ˣӣھһСԺӡ
ǾסԺֵأʱԪȥɽϴԣά
̫ƽ֯ӡ
ӹض򵥡
еʱǾȥƹݴʼҵ¡
Ԫ֪ССҮҲѾɼҵˡ
һжá
żĽϪڸ߸ߵžǴ߼ȦΪľǸҷӣһ߷һЩֵصӡ
Ԫ̫ƽͻἷΧ۵İȥ
ĽϪƿӣȻܿ쳵ӻ£Ǿô˲䣬Ԫ̫ƽѾԼŮˡ
պҮ˻ӰǵĲ෹̸֪ǵĽ
ΪӾͿôƽƽĹȥȻ㣬ȴ뺢Ҳɣ
ǣҮ鱻ˣյտ쵽ˣҮûһ
ɻӰֵ֮ĸ飬Ϊ֮˾ͻ˵Үġ
Ԫ֪ˣѲڹı˳
磬Ҫˣ̫ƽһ
Ү£Ҳҵ¡Ԫ򶨵˵
Ķأ̫ƽ̯̯֣ǶҲ
ԪЦˣвּؼ˵꣬ͳһ顣


923 ҹ

ּؼ̫ƽһְĵģ
Ԫͷ
Ϊʲôأ̫ƽԪصЦˣˡ
ְĵʱҴȡߵġԪϵĻҳЦְֻҲ֪ⱾܣҲо˺ܾò֪ġ
ŶⱾ齲ʲôأʲôܣ̫ƽ˵棬ֵһЩġҶ
ԪЦǼ֣¼ǵķϰߣȡ
̫ƽȻ򡣡˵飬ǴǼӾġѵЩǼˣ°˻ȥ
ԪͷǣǼһֱиͳߵ£ʧȥ飬ǾͻʧȥһУǷǳģܹΣգȥˣҲֻˡ
֪Ǹɵģǣ̫ˣҲѽ̫ƽ̾˿˵
ôأԪضŵһЦǾסɽϡ
磬ô֪̫ƽһ
Ҳ֪һ֪ǾɽԪЦⱾ϶д¼ǽĻƽϰߡֵ˾ܹ֪
̫ƽݵؿԪ
ǣԪ̫ƽȥ͵顣
Ԫٳûл̫ƽȥ٣õġ
̫ƽ飬Ԫһ˹ȥ̫Σգֱӱ٣ʿһȥ
ǱԪܾˣԪˣһϳִ߰ˣ֪ǵݡǴӴ˾ûˡ
ⲻǻĳԡ
ԣԪԼһȥİɣ̫ƽҶǼ˵һУǱ䡣
ԪɽϣΪϤǼ˵ϰԣܿ˲壬Ǽ˵Ӫկǰ
ֻǣԪû뵽иˣԪһˡ
ԪĲҲӣöȤ֪ǹʲôģǴĬ벶ȸں󡱡
ǺڽӪկܿǼ˵Ѳߡ
ԪǼҲޣصģҪöࡣ
üΣ˶ҪˣԪʯͷæΧ
֪˰ҹգĬĬؾһ
㶮òԪ룬ܿġǸˣϲ
Ԫһ׹ĿĺԪһģΪ顣
ȻһܲµǱ˭ˡԪȻ뿴µĿ
ˡ
ΪңȻһ⡣ǹâΪۣʹúȻһж硣
⻹𣿺˺ܿͱ˷ˡ
ץ̿͡ǼѸٰѺ˰Χ
˼ˣΣʱ֣˻ǽסǹâɵĶ
ǼǶź
ǧһ֮ʣԪһ㵯ȥžͰǼߵڵء
ȻԪסǺ˵֣˷ˡ
ɽϣ繳
Ԫĵ˵λˣˡ
Ҫֻ˺·һǣһ¡
㻹ѪѽԪһ
ʲô뵱Ҹף˺۶û˵ʲô̾˿˵
ԪЦܳ㸸ס
Ҹ¸ҵˡҡҡͷ˵ϧˡ
Ϊʲô̾أôһ¸ҵĸףӦøе˲ŶԡԪһ
˺Ȼ˵ΪԴʼѾ˼ˡ
ԪһʹҮ᲻Ҳķպʹࣿ
ӳûм㸸ˣҲڻΪǱûദǾûи飬ͦõܷµľǸԪο
˿ЦȻҴûҸףҵǶ̸Ҳ̸Զҵһֱǰ
㸸һǸӢۣҪȻΪʲôô˻Ԫ̾ҲиӣʱʼҾûˡ
ǼȻ㻹ţӦȥ˺Ȼ˵һǳ㡣
ǣδܼġԪ̾˿
һܼ˹ִ˵Ҫ
Ҫ˵ԭԹԴҾΪ˼ŻġԪЦֻҪãҲο
ҪҪҰǸطꣿһʹ
ˣģǿﲻʲôæˡΪ֣ҮһܼõġԪЦ


924 

ǺԣȻȫһϬĿ⿴Ԫ˵ҮүôܻĶӣ㡭㾿ʲôˣ
ԪԼʧˣҲ֪˭͵ҸղŵĻû˵ɣ
˵ˣ˵ǺͻȻþִٲЩ
ԪһЦ˵أֲҮ
ҾҮ˺Ȼɫ֡
¹£һź
ԪһҮҮ
ȷǳã̫ƽ߷ơ
Σ㻹û˭أҮ˵㲻˵ҵĸװɣ
ԪӯҮԵǧᡣԣҾĸס
˵ҸˣҲðҸʣҮŭңҵľˡҲ˵˵
ԪЦ벻һ㣬ҲǹȥԲԣǸ뵽һȥˡ⣬ѽ
Үҡͷ˵ҲĹġתҪߡ
ʱ¹ȴһ毺õݡ
̫ƽˡ
ҮҮ𣿺úӣ㳤ôˡ̫ƽʵҮǰ
Үһ۾ϳ̫ƽ̫ƽ԰ҮģôϲأټϡʱⲢû̫ƽʲôۼ
̫ƽʱƯᣬ󷽡
ĸ󡭡ҮѾӯˣĻҲΰɣ
ٸҹҮμ̫ƽǣѹȴˡ
̫ƽҮԿõȴ޷õˡ
̫ƽҲǱ䣬һأ׷Բˡ
Үۼˡ
ڣ̫ƽسˣճֵģҮڵһ˲䣬ȷΪԼǲǻ
̫ƽ֣ůģȵġ
һУģ
ĸĸ󡣡
Ү̫ƽһ
ʱԪҲ棬Ү˵̫ƽû뵽ҺͶӣļˡ
̫ƽ˵Ү㸸ףӳûĸס
Үٸнͨһ£ڵءף
ԪæҮĬĬӣ鼫ˡ
ԭ㳤ӢͶеһģһҮ˵
һҮҪ̫ƽԪع
ˣҮҿһۣѾˣٲֻǣҺѾڵѾӦʹˣǾͲȥˡԪ˵
ҵĸʺĸô䣿ðǲТ𣿡ҮˣǻعҲԹɵѽҴʺĸڻʹｨһıɽׯȥͿԳȥƽͿסҲ͹ģΪȥһɵıɽׯ¾ͿˣӰյĸġ
̫ƽؿҮ˵ԣͺһסϡ
Ԫ̾˿˵Ѿϰˣģÿ궼ȥǵġ
ҪߣҲȻȥкܶء̫ƽҮ˵Ү㳤ˣԼҲ׵ˣѵڻТġ
ҮôȰסЦסҴûֹӭʹȥ
ԵǻټġԪ̫ƽˣҮô׷ϣǽŲ磬ʧˡ
磬᲻̫ˣ̫ƽʵҮʵ᲻뿪ǡ
̫ƽҿĸͺֻһݵϯⳡϯջɢһաǿǽнԶһֱ𡣡Ԫ̾
˵ǶԵġ
Ԫ̫ƽŵ͵ƽ
Ү飬׸գ˴Ǽ˵ϳƽˣץס˲ǼˣӴ̫ƽǼ¡
鷿
ʲôĿʺĸĿ𣿡һϲ
ǣǲԸҮˣȰ˺ܾöûá
Ǿȥǡռᶨ˵ĺǶҵοǾסӽ¡
죬ģ̫ƽһͰϴ·ɹȻűƿʿ˽
ԪҲ˳
һ̨۱̧˽
ʣĸ󡣡մҮĽϪԪ̫ƽǰ
Լ¹ԼǰԸĸ۾ʪˡ
̫ƽû뵽ǻִš
磬ǻȥɣֻҪɣĺδǼأʹҲܿٳһ
ǰοҪǡ
ɽׯԪ̫ƽǴż򵥵·ϰ˼򵥵·Ҳ봩ص޳ˡ
Ǽÿ춼밲йԶС
Ҳǡ
̫ƽʱԪϣڱɽׯĶ¥Ϧ£͵Ҹ˵磬ʵгдȥһҪΪƱҲû˴ǣҲɡ
šԪ̫ƽĶͷ˵Ǿôĥѣڿ԰̫ƽˣҲԺͶžۣǲ
չˡ񣬰㣬ҼһʳԴü꣬ÿ˼Ҷкһʵûˣ߹س˳ɹĹңȻûиƵġЩǸĸǶµĸ
ʤաĹͣ콫ϡԪյļ˵ס̫ƽ֣Ŀ顣
̫ƽЦˣ÷չĻҪƾ٣ʫģۺŻңһͬʵ˲š˲ԴԴϣµ˲ŻԴԴϣŻһֱȥΪһʵ۾Ϳͳ֣ٹǷֹȷ±عףһҡ
ǡһýԣɳһȺȴһҲûС
ͳԶСˡԽ
׷ԲʱԪ̫ƽӵһһ𡭡
Ҳ׷ˣ¡
ʵĸͺӵԵ㿴ıӰнԶıӰʧ


925 һ

սϡ
ݣݣһ󼱴ٵԪһۣ̫ƽǰ
ֻԪתһȻֽ̫ƽӵϡ
񽻻˲䣬̫ƽ˺ۺӢӡ
һŨڵļü£ַž˫ۡ
ɲǼ䣬̫ƽԪסˡ·ʱ䶼ͣˡ
̫ƽԪĺϣů̫ƽޱȵİȫС
Ԫ̫ƽ˰ȫĵش
Ѿȫˡ˵գԪתҪ뿪
ҿ֪ʲô𣿡̫ƽʵ
㲻֪Ԫļ۶ȥ
صС̫ƽһƵģվ㱣跹˼
ڻϵ׷£̫ƽڽʵ˵
Ȼ˰ĽԪ޽Ϊǡ
ܿ죬һگɳԪΡ
Ԫģȴ
̫ŮԪ÷ģòᣬ黭ͨ
ԪٳûдӦ̫ƽǱȥĹǣڴǰ뵱պԪսһ̡
Ҳǲ죬£ȻвԸ⵱ˡ
̫ƽңҲٻ
ڣ֪ԭԪ
ϼ̫ƽղ跹˼㽫ѹϡ
мҾȥΪвȡ
֪Ϣҵ˰ĽԼ
̫ӵ£һҪȾҺҵ滨£׻ɫȹ¶ƣüһĹǰ
ץס˫֣˵Ҳ뿪ҵģ
ǿҪ£˳ˮۣΪ̫
Ϸϼһ̣Ԫʹףһй̫ƽϡ
ûãϵگٴη£һΣͬگģһѪ¡
ԪٲӦҲᱻۡ
ԪڴӦΪ̫ƽɿݵĻˮ˶ʱСӡ
Ԫ£̫߽˻ʹ
ٹٻ죬ʹϲ
ںҡҷ˱ǡ
ôǺܿģ̫ƽԪǰͨͨС¹ײԪƺͷ
Ԫȴûп̫ƽһۣƵϢ̫ƽúˡ
һҹԪҹδߣһľͷӱߣﶼ
һʧڻҺԪϣԪȴ˿ûжܡĽ飬һѪԪϡ
̫ƽŵζĵ˺ͷ
ʲô̫ƽæƿͽֽԪϵ
ɲǼ䣬̫ƽָһʹ
һһˮݡ
̫ƽ˲ԼϴˮԪá
ԪֱϡĺۼʺѪ
Ԫȴޱš
ѵ𣿡̫ƽίĿԪ
Ԫȴʲô˵
ʱһֱϲȵͣ˴ϡ
զզȴ̫ƽķ
һƱ˹ȥ
ϲȵŵˡ
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Ԫ۾ܾ̫ƽ
̫ƽĬĬڴͷҹɫƽ
ϳ谮̫ƽ̫ƽһֱڹڣԪҲס˺󹬡
ľջ¡ԪԽԽ
󹬵ﴫĶУص̫ƽ߰ߡ
Ԫֱ֮ӽ߸ץ
ҵˣָԪ
Ҳ˭ˣҼңֻ·һ
߱ɱԪӡ
Դ̫ƽĶС̫ƽȻѡԪ
̫ƽԪһһ⣬˹ȥ
Ԫġ̫ƽ˵
ԪѾµ̫ƽ⣬˵Ұ
ʱ̫ƽ絶
̫ƽԪԼ̫ƽԸԪ
̫ƽ˺ְܶ취һȥԡûʵ۳氲ԪһϯԪȴͬİ·
һΣ£Ԫƣ֮󡣷ȻԼ
ԪһˣһҪҸ𡣡ߵ˵
ģԪĶͷ
ˣ޿ֵͦŴ̫ƽҫһԪĺӣ
ƭˣ̫ƽҡҡͷȥϹ̫ƽʹĽϵĲȫɨ˵ϡ
ڣ̫ƽһƵױ̨ǰ
һҹ˼ԥ̫ƽջǾҪԪȷ˵顣
ſˣԪ˽
ҹˡ̫ƽԥ˵һ롣˵֮䡭
ǵģҵģԪΣ򵥵־һذһ̫ƽؿڡ
ձ˵ԪҲȥ
ȸҵʱ仺Ҳ߸ʵġ̫ƽĻܲ˴ֲ̼̫Ӹڹ
̫ƽ㽫
ʱȻŭӳһһԵĻƿһ롣
󵨣
˵ҪɱԪææ˹ȥ
վסҪסԪ
Ԫ̧һţ߷ˡ
Ԫϵʱһѽ
ʯ䣬Ԫ˹ȥеĽ
ҪСģ̫ƽʧе
¡
ԪĽ˫ȡһҽУѪӴԺҲվˡ
֪̫ӱ̣ϲȻŭ
˽Ԫ˴ϡ
ǻʲôҪ˵ģͨ졣ʵ
Ԫͷϣǳ
˽𣿡Ц
ʣںϣƹһɡ̫ƽͨһ˵ϡ
Ԫû̧ͷߴ̫ƽʹĿ
˳ȥ
־ٵһ̣󺰣һ̫ӵĺӣǹƭԪģΪҲҪϱˣҪɱңҪɱң
޵Ȼ֪ûУȴ˵ԪĺӣԴ乫Ц
Ԫ󾪡
͵ˣȻûкӡ
ԪǾ޹ģ̫ƽ
ʱս´߹ظ漱
ϽԪȥС
ʱ̫ƽһͨʿ·Ԫıϡ
̫ƽʲôϵ֪̫ƽҪһǰ߹أżعȰ衣
Т뿪׼ʺһǰ߹С̫ƽ̬ȼѾһͷȥ˴롣
Хս̫ƽĸԪߡ
Ϊ˾ʤԪҹͻϮֻһСӾ
̫ƽĲ£ĵظȥ
з췴Ӧܿ죬ûԪѾԪΧ
ǧһ֮ʣ̫ƽΧŵоһȦĴ졣
оΪԪľȱϵִܣ˺ܶʡ
ֻƾһһ㽫оˣ̫ƽһս


926 

½½ģ̫ƽֲμ˼ս콫ʿһ·࿭衣
Ԫû̫ƽȻһ棬һװ̫ƽͷ鿴ͼůϦ̫ƽӹճһԪĵ׽˱仯
Ȼ䣬Ԫ̫ƽرƯľճˮܽء
ԣԪҡҡͷ˦ð뷨
ԪǿҿԼһֱص
ҹԪڴշת࣬ǰ޴󺰵ĻһĻĻԪǰһѶԪġ
̫ƽͻȻԪѪ죡
㺦ҪѪծѪ
Ԫץ̳ڴڵĺȾơ
ΪʲôҪԪߺȱˮžˮԪ
ʱ̫ƽˡԪǰһԼ΢Ц
ô̫࣡ƽҪסԪ
ȴԪһקסֱۡ
žԪ̫ƽݺһƣʱ̫ƽķϵָӡ
̫ƽҪܣȴֱԪץסˡ
ڻˣԪͻȻ¶ЦݡŹ⣬ӵ˾ƿ̫ƽ
̫ƽȴ޷ԪĻ
̫ƽԪصѹ¡
ԲҲˡ
Ԫĸ̫ƽӡ
̫ƽҧסˮߵʳ
Ŵϻ˯ȥԪ̫ƽҧ촽ԪǺ˱ӡ
ûã̫ƽԼˡ
ϻعԪᶨ˵
߹࣬ΣգΪ˶ĺӣ̫ƽҧҧӦԪ
ǰ̫ƽһɫݸԪҪúõĻҺͺڹڵ㡣
û̫ƽǣԪ콫ʿɱУܿսʤ˵ооˡ
Ϣʹ͢¶ʱһɧ̫ƽĻΨһĵҲˡ
ʣ㲻ɱ֪ҪɱԪ̫ƽͦŶӣŵ飬ŮѾԪĺӣŮ뺢һûе󸸻ʷŹԪ
Ԫ̫ӣܵо죬Ѿ߸ɱպͻ췴ı档üͷ˵
Ԫ췴ġ̫ƽſǻ˵븸ʸһλᣬһȰ˵Ԫʽ
ˣ
ϰһɱѶ
ϢأԪ쳤Ц
ƳòԪսϣһ
ƺƵľһ·ΪߣЩسǵĽʿֱӵꡣ
ٳ£ϲִٳӡ
գԪɱ˻Ϻ̫
ʣʣ̫ƽŻϵ塣ޣʹһԣʬףҲѾѪģ
Ԫֱ룬˻ʵ۵λá
ȺϤݡ
֪Ԫ̫ѶŮطɷɽܸԪ
طɷɳǰһɲǣһ㡣
Ԫϲվطɷɡ
֮󣬳͢ϲطɷɱΪʺ
̫ƽΪТǱֱӴ乬
ѩƮ죬̫ƽɫ޻żղ̫ƽѾ˹ǡ
̫ƽǰġȫǴֲ赭
̫۸ˣŮԹһ䡣
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̫ƽͷ΢΢¡ĶӣΪίˡ
̫ƽûнеԪطɷȴ֪̫ƽеϢ
ƾӷȥɣطɷɺݺݵ̫ƽżһ롣
ʱ̫ƽؿһʹ
ӴԺطɷɿʼ̫ƽķӶ̥ҩ
̫ƽһʱͷˡ
̫ƽƾͼƣʼװɵԱ
طɷȵķˣ̫ƽЦų¡
Ůߺ̫ƽϽ˿˳³˻Ƶˮ
̫ƽĶսطɷ
һݣطɷǰ乬Ҫֳ̫ƽ
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ֻ㵽ˡ̫ƽƤ˿Ȼ˴ϡ
ҪŮֵĵɴ۾û˵ԸԼƸ
ΪºӣΨһĻᡣ
ӵδͽˣ̫ƽס˹Ů֡
ŵƬĴ룬̫ƽüһš
ʺѪҺƤֻһ˲䣬Ⱦ˴齡
ۡۡӵĿ΢
ϲǸкŮӱ̫ƽǰ
̫ƽĸºӵˮ
ﲻˣҪǿЩ˵ա̫ƽƵ˹ŮĻ
ߣһҪúӣ
űײطɷɾֱҵ̫ƽ
ȥɣطɷɽذ״ѾԵ̫ƽ
һϢ䣬Ԫ̫ƽǰ
̫ƽԲ̫ƽԪ̫ƽ壬޵ΪʲôңΪʲôҪң
ֱʱԪŷ֣ԼʵͰ̫ƽ
̫ƽһ˿ᣬȻصĻȥ
̫ƽԪ˺ѷΰƳգֱ񷣡
Ԫɺ۾Ѫ⡣
û˼񣬾Ǻ͵ԡѪսʱҲûֹ
ԪĽ̫ƽ£תһɲǣɱˡ
طɷɺµȫһذ׵䣬ľ
ҪҪ~طɷɱֱ߰ˣ´صˤڵϡ
Ԫذףޱһطɷɡ
Ҵ~~δ䣬ذѾĴ̽طɷɵؿڣʱѪһأҲȾԪ
ɱطɷ֮Ԫǲɢ˺ˡ
΢ڶҶǰԪ΢Цվһԡ
ֽϣ̫ƽŤŤ
ʣд𣿡ͨ͸ޱȡ
ԣԪͷĸ֣ҲǸʶ°յĳŵ
Ԫ£ܿ졣ѧϰʫʡʱѾԶˡ
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̿ѧϰûãԺ̫ǽÿÿʤ
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