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þ̧ۣһ֦ϵѿ                        
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վһԵĽӳĽĿܣСĵĿһ۲֪ü˼µϣͰûи׵۰ҪֻҪĸܷŹá
ĥŹ˵ŹҾһѪԵڵģȻҲ
ңһǹһǺǲϸȥѰ˿֪
Źλƽִ󳤹뵽˵ԨԴİɣʲôأ϶Դ˺ͷ
ĥĥЦӳưӳƣǸİôãӳƻͽӳͬ飬ʶġ
˷Ϊ˼ϵĵٺһĹټŮӣλҲҲĵҫˣ۵
̫͸Ʋ֮ʱһ۵ͣ˽Ԫæݣÿӣ
ӳȻּ֪ĺòΪԼ࿴ʱ򣬻ǲס˺
īڣüĿһװֲźۼذ彣ϣ̬ʣȫһֻʮꡣ
˵ЦǰΪһ彣ģɲû˶ԳĿ־壬ֻʮӣ˵ķΣȶʮ˼
ǰӰͶʮصһ𣬽ӳȻܿƵӿỨĵ˫ˮϴ
ôˣӳգƵĿ˿ҺǶæдӣûע⵽Ȼ̫ˡ
򽭸ĸʱܣü˼Цô۹ȴ˶ίƵģ
룬ԪѾӭ˸ڣ۹ʱƳһۣȴѾ¹ЦݣЦݱһ˿
ƺδ
ţ˱һãԪתͷܼˡ
׾ϡѹ֮ĽԪźЦΪıס
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Ϊ㻹ǵЩǴ󳤹˵İɣһ񣬲ϲ˼Σ
ӵͷ飬ĸܺá
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СŮӳºӳƣžͣʲôɵԪӹ
ӵͷһЦ
ӳ͵͵һۣȻߺڳЦƵģӳ򴽲
λǽ׸ŮۡԪ಻֪νۣɴຬת˵˶ӡ
Ƕѧֶ꣬ʱ䣬ָһ
ȻѩɰҼҲϲף㲻ٶˡ
۳Ͷ٣ֶȥЪϢЩʱһͬɡԪҲûٶ˵ʲôԸ˴һȥԷưá
Զ˶˿ϲŲæĳԲ裬δǰǾŮ㳡û
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ӳͷһϲûнȥأ
һֱһԵȻŹûᣬһת⣬ȵס˽ӳµĸ첲ϵĸҺ¶һȥɣһûȥԷأ
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ӳ³ӳգգ۾ӳԥһͬˣҪæܲ
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˭뿴Щӣҧޡ
ӳЦųӻ֣ˣ洫ӵ̧̤롣
ˣк£æһĨ۹º͡
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Ľʲôһδӳһڼ쳣ɿڣɵЩ档
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Ȼģҡֹ뿪ڣ㴫۽εεãǸ
ۣӳ͵͵һӣȻһӵģ
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ӿϵ֣˼
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ʱ𣬴ŬѧϰٳָдСˣСĵܵҲػĸᵽǰȥʱԥȴ¶˾һ㣬춯ǰ
зʲôӲ
üתһ룬ĸʹܲẦȻˣһöµ֣С
ǸСˡ
ӵЩС


  

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˼ɵŮһٳ˻̣רΪҲӦ֬ˮۡ
ḮȻҲģΪɵãΨһĵŮȢȻ֮͡
һϣԶս׷󲻳ɣһλճӣڸӵǰ˲١
ϧ粻֣Žạ̊́ûٺаԵ
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  ϰ

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ԼԼУȴ˷ܵĺЩʹ۾ȥ˿
СľȥȻ죬һԵĽӳºܸӵĹƽкá
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  

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ٿ⼸ټС㣬ŵбȻ˵ϸİο䣬ҪΪѵĿ˽ӳһۡ


ڰ  

ӳЦ˼߰ɣпõͶһ档
˼мĿһۣæ̧Źȥˡ
ӳЩᣬ̧ͷ˿ڲԶСͻƶҲһƶӿ϶Ҳù˼һ˿˵ϧ֮⡣
˼˽ӳûаѽӳƽ˼ǽమ϶ܡ
ǰӳԶԶļ˼ʱбιͻ򵥵ĶȴȻǡôױݺγĵʶĿһԿ޵ĵҲѷɫ˼֡
ӳ»˼ֻһųŮɫ̣ҼԴǰ㣬ϸĽͶ
˼㣬İɣպһȻ۽ûáӳº˼һһϤ뻹С˵˳
лл㡣ĵĵ˵ֻںˣȻûзϡ
ǸŮȸˣгͷ֮գֻܼ޸ƽˣũҲڡ
ӳ֪ңûٶ˵ʲôת˵Ͷļɡ
½½뿪ˣҲûԷˣӳһֱԺǰʮһε͵ĵʱ㶹ơ
㶹ܷϹǰͿʼ׼ˣûʲôʱ䡣
ţӳԶһɨԶԶı㿴ӣæЦŰڰ֣磡
һ٣ſ첽ԶĵطվһΪղء˾ƣʱκģЩͳ
ӳ²ˣæĵʵôˣﲻ
£ֻǺȶ˾ƶѡӱ˱ۣúЩˣ뽭ӳ½ݡ
ڱҪӦ𣿲ʮꡭӳûȥӺ˳£鸴ӵĸ˹ȥ
ͷӺӰ໥ӳº뵽֮ôŲûһ£
ҺӲЦǰǸĬӲĹүһ뵽δҪֱʣӳ²ɵѹһʱζӿͷȻȺ˾ƻҪܡ
ӽңӳżվסˣЪϢȥԸѾ͹
ͷˡ۾ûл
ҿʲôӳ°㶹ƵݸվĶγæˡ
ϧԷӳԸѾһȥǰԺһȥӳԺ
ӶѾһϵ㶹ƣһ˿ˣֻɫ֪¶ĳˣθҲԽԽˡ
㶹ƣɵͿӱ͵ǵ֣֪ĸԵĺòãǰõᵽĸ˵ĲлᣬǸĵС
ĸûˣüģǰĸдŵģȻֻڴֻƬŲµˣĸ״ܲãĸɿȥû취͵͵ȥҪߣҲ߻ȥ
µĸоڹȥˣӳ˼㶹ơϯһֱںȾƣȻѾϰˣǻЩֻû뵽ӳôóԣˬڣζһûûסȫˡ
㷹ӲԸЩ£˯˹ȥ
ϧԷеĽӳʣµ㶹ƣȻǳɫ㶹Ƴúϲʳָ󶯣ȴûʲôθڡܸܵӵʧ㯣ȴÿֻܽѾҴȥ
ӵôˣ
ӳ룬ֻĸǲƽִ󳤹ԽԽˣҪʵǸӻؾǵķˣȻЩðգֻܾһˣɵЩ
ʱӳѩݱ˵һԴæһգǵûء
ӳһ߸ýһ߼æͭݣһЦϸһһֱڽӳ·ĺ񣬱һͬȥǰԺ
ͺȻҲҪֳ򣬽ӳͷһǰ򿪺ӣΪдľ顣Ԫû£ŮΪﳭǳе£ԾôŮ͵Щܡ
ӳмҲߡһͰĺͷأ򿪿
ԪŮĻⷭ˷СȻһ¶ôͻȻдôÿˣ
ĪƶдģæƳһСŮӳæҡͷɲҾӹ
˵ɣ¶ô£ԪѾ£ӵؿŴŮ
ЩѧŰдôһѵңӳ²æ㵽ֻ¶һСԴ
ףǲдһ۾ܿϲŲתͷವ
Ůдģݱѩ࣬ŮֶҪˡӳһһǸԪȻмܲס
˺ˣǰд֣ұ㲻ħˡԪź׵
кѣӳ¹ԹԵ£ͷĥĥɣ
ԪЦָ˵ǵһĥīġ˵ȴԶˡ
һӳд֣;ϵһģһԪŷŹҡͷʧЦ
Ů׽͸ˣʱǼƫƫȴһˣֶˣպѵɾˣ֪˵ʲôźá
ӳ˿Ժܺúдˣڱ˷ˡ
أҺƶԲӳæױƵóղ깤ѡ
ϵİһǳƶ֮֡Ԫ濴˼̾
ӳƲ˼ЦЦһۣû˵һֱؼǸһۣǾȥĸɡ
أҵŮΣӳ²ƶ֮΢գæԲ
šܣ¶ҲˡԪ˰죬ǿ
ȸŮֹˣӳƲǰźӵףͼĿ
ԪչһͷƶĲǽһ鷨ˮһǽǳŮˡ
һЦæʲô
ͰĺȣҺöѹǮأ˶ˣգգۣűƵİѺ˳
˺ĴһͣȻǺݵȣϵʿ֮磬Ԫӵͷ⡣
͵ҲϲԪ˸ӣ˶ؿŲ͵һӡϿٿ˵СĴӻóӡ£ϡ 
ӡǰѴмĴӡ£ͼ
ϵӡ³ǳɫʯһ㾧Ө󣬽ʲôİ
ȻʯͷģʯͷҲкû֣֮ԪĬƬ̣Ž˵ʯеļƷʯ
ǡôֱʡӳ¾̾
ز¶ӳ°治ǹӣδֵĴȣպȻԺȲӳ̵
һͬŽԪһ볤棬Я˸ԵԺӡ


ھ  

ڴϣӳһֱǰҵֹ
ᵽңͲò˵ƽִ󳤹ȵãʱĽŹӣʮΪƽֹ޸ˣȻɪ
ŹӳϮλʱֵսŹַ񣬺ܿоʤ
࣬˫ϲţñ㵮ӵĸ
ʮʱִսԸټޣԸ
ȵ۸ŹѳԼụ̂ԭõһ㶪˾λŹַһԹ֮λϮ
ȵ۹̫ӼλҲƽֳ
꣬Ȣޣ֮ҶʢʵȻҾٱ췴ƽֳ빬־޶ġ
ʮ꣬Ӷϱսɳʮ;ӣģʼԽ
һ꣬ʵ۲ţ»ʵǻֳƽִ󳤹
ֹ꣬һŹҲܶһˣƽִ󳤹жصû帣Ѹ˥ȥܿ㲡ˡ
յţӱǸϣҲûüĸһ档
ӱ㿪ʼЩĬԣҲսˣӲųĹ¼ҹˣĹ֮λԼġ
ӳ˼ãñݣΪٿһĸҲЩӻؾǡ
ӱضؽˣҲͲ֣иȫ֮ˣӳ̾һδŶδ֪ã˯ˡ
գԷ
ӳ㱣ϰʱ
պһ˳ĸֵȫɥֻʣһˣ֪ǰӵĽʲôѲһֱûȢӣϾ˻ʵۣҲû˹ܵǻʵ۴ͻ顭ӳ뵽Ӳӣ»ҲܲˣͲȥˡ
ع񣬺ȻԼͷиצӣ㶵̧ͷȻӣӳ۾ǿŵӣЩΣղģӦúЪϢ
ֻ۾ЩᣬȴܺãͿǽһû뵽ۣȻˣӵȻ⣬һְֻͷѡͷǺӲű߼ʵš
úѧ񡣡ӹϡ
ƾʲô˯Ҳ񣡽ӳ°ҧ˿ͻȻɢˣԼĺı¿ηΣֻݹٷŻյƣ
˵ʲô۾˫ֱ̬ʡ
⣬ôѺﻰ˵ˣ
ӳЦûʲôûʲôǽɡ
ӿһۣûмƽϣպֻҲ
ӳ˿
ùӳϵԺӣĸŮߴӱ̸
ӳչȥһˣۼ¶ϲ
Լ䣬͵ۿܱܵˣҶҪʮඣ̲סֿʼ̾Ϣǿ졣
ӳЦֵഺ껪̾
̾ĸ˼Ҳ֪òáϷӣǵ
˵ʲôأĸãٺòˣӳæֹ
ѾͷЦ˵ĸ涼ûء
ҵȻӳ³Ĭ̧ͷȴǻϲ㽵ģ֪պĸ᲻ϲҡ
ӳİѻҵľһ£ô¸ˣ˵żæ齡
ôˣӳװһͷˮģæֱӡ
ֻһλᣬɹʣֻöһˣӳڴſŰĶ
ҿѸһó֣ǰæ㰢ĸҼŶûϿء
ӳ˿ãʱ
Сؽҿᣬչţʱ΢ЦʱüŽӳҲʼѵǴˣĸûȥסһʱ
˼ţ̾ϢһԼŮʵĸ˵ȥסһӣԸ⣿Ҳûʲôգһ𾩳ǾȣŮһ޶ϵģͣǲԸȥ
Ըѽʲôʱӳ˰ΣŹӦ
ãȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҿ͡ϺȻסɻĿŮո˵ʲô
˵ԸȥӳһЦ
⺢ӣɫӵĿǰɶǿ˵ȥģΪĸҲˡ
ӳп˵ȥҲһҪȥֻõǰҲ£ҲСҶʮ˶ٲŵʮˣﲻҪҵСˡ˵űסϵ
˵㲻ǸأʲôŮһۣһŮıһձǶˣȥ˵Ҳ١
ллĸˣӳϲ
ǰĸĴһֶֻĹÿһμĸ쳣ϲ§ڻ壬ŮŮĽһͨ
ӳֱܲĶԴÿζֻЩźá
ڶףĸôôϲ
ӳ룬Ǿʳһʱĸйص£ſڣĸÿдƺᵽңᵽ
ϰŵϸźãȻǼϲġ
ΪΣδҡӳʳӵ⡣
ĸһŮϲŮҼ޸㰢ĸ㰢׸ءδʱȤ£ҲЦ⣬ûŮˣΪ˾ȫСӣϷߣĸҪֻɵŮ
ԭֲĸôϲҡӳС졣
¶ĸˣϧʱշתظΣԵЩԸȥǣҲ㡣ȥǿܸˡϷеӣЦŮͷ
ӳ˼ѵΪ˰ǰеźֲ
ĸ涼û߶ȥǡڣԺĸǷӵĸһЩȱأ
ȻȥĸΪӻؾǣһ˿ԸҲɢˣĸôãһҪþһЩ
뵽ӣӳæڣȥɣô·Ͽ϶¡
ϿδѵŮԥ˰Ρ
ӻδݵʱŹˣ˵뿪ݣȻӦҪڣʧˡ
ǺѻģǴ󳤹Щãǲͬ⣬Ǹ顣Ůףһ·ûбӻˣ¿ô죿
ӳ¿ɣֱԵģŮΪѵģ¹˶˵ɡ
ϳĬؿŮΣǿ˿ڣӵĹϵƺܺá
ȻӳҲ˵Һϰ䣬չңźŶһԵģĺܺá
˵ⷬӳºȻЩǲ˵̫ˣһ۰ɫ룬ֲһ䣺ֳһζһء
ϵıɶһЩԵЩˣڰŮȥˡӳ¼ûмƽϣһæˡ
ϳĬؿŮԶȥıӰԭһġ
лҪ˵޸һǰ½ڵҪ

ʮ  

³ڣҲŮڣһսǸ֣һʢӳδɵЩرˡ
ϰûˣҲȥ˽ӣӳºӱһԭȤ£һһ˵ĺ֡
һ㽲ĿڸӺŲ裬һھʢеϷҺͯϲ˵ôܲء˵űԸγȡͷš
æʽǺ⣬ɴδ
ӳµЦݱЩǿȻ֪ϷǾеģû
Ź˼壬üţߵʳŻ壬Уϲʱ䣬ҲЩȤζ
ǰھţ׼ͷȱĹǿһЩǻм
Ҽң˹ֲѾϲЩŻЩ񣬱ԸѾǸһЩ
Ȼ֪һûУЩòȣѾǹ˼ǸӣͺôЦˡ
ӳ»񣬼˶üŷԼˣæͣոһʱ벻Ǻˡ
Сˣֱˣ㲻֪ոǽϵĹһһΪа!
˵ʲôسСӣҲ㣡ӳקס˰
ӿ˽ӳ°ΣֱγѽͷһԲתĿ⡣
ӳȻں͵ܵܰ죬ȴһֱͣϣڲˣڳһǽŵҪʮ꣬ȻͶʮеһȡ
һһֱǻ࣬ӳٴһҺûʲôȻı಻ѻˡ
СܿȥˣһƬ̺У΢ᵴ쪣ò⡣
۾Ӿٹ治ѣǰӳӵãδ赶ŪǹģοһŵĶǹңҳҲǸԵԶ֮δҲɵڴ
һһҵĽȻúЦѣͿʼѧϰˣ䲻˵ͨ似ܵǴ֮õģЩСӼҵϷܰٷˣ˼˲΢̣Ŀǰƺˣ
䣬ʸңಡһϱһֻֽкãֱϰˣҪѧ
Ӻͽ˵ȴŽӳ£Ҳ溬Ц۾ģ̹ˡһ¹õĹţȻЩСãܲӳһЦǸ겻ģúֵá
ֵӳˣһСʸ׼˽򣬷̫壬ʱӦӼչЩ֣ǰָ
ӳºȻЩţѾδˣЩ裬ǿӦû뵽ӾȻҺҺãƲȻҪͲˡ
˿һЩӳһ£ʸ֣ҺС˰벽վˣµĿӣЦʾǰӳŷԼˣʱϲʤǺģ
˰ʱ̫Щ㶼ҡһ˷ܵСͨ죬ǰʵͣɵʶҲ࣬
ӳµݹȥֹסͷ
ڱˣӳ³Цţĵ
ţĵֻѧ˶ţ٣˵Ŀ϶Ǻôʣ±ӣߺߵ
˭˵ǺôʵģӺȻסЦ˺ðΣڽڴĿ¿ڣ˼һͷţĵݳţǿء
ӳСŲ裬治ɫĽͣʱЦȻǺסˣͨ죬˺ü²˳
æóϸĵ·˲һţĵ
ϷʵĿ⣬ӳ³̾һҲֻƭƭܵˣӶٻһꡣ
ҲǶݵĺʱڣǿɫʱѾǽ˸ֲݣһͬ˶ݡҶ๴סקΪ䣬ٻһҶභǡ䶷ӮҲڡ
ȥС鷿Եģӳ¶棬ӳҪҪһȥۣӳԥһ˵ȥͲϲţοտ϶˼ˣڼпͻڡ
ӳ֪ӣûȰһʱ䷹Ҳû˵ͽӳƲû˵仰Ҳûʲôϧġ
һ磬Ͷˣãûע˵ʲôֱҪߵʱ˶ڸǰһֱ
ӳ㿴ʲôأ
ôǶҪˡԶѣȥߴ˵űҪȥޱԷ
ӳæקס½ǣŵʱ˵ˣղš
ôţƳô졣С˰̾˿
ӳͻȻõܵСȴǶչˡԽոףҲû̺Ӹƽ¡
˭֪ƨɻû̺ӣһ£𼱻ǵƿӼҴҵ磬ҲҪ
ӳһЩԴףܹܵȻתͷ㣬Ϊܸܵأ
ΪѵĿһ۽ӳ£ȥ㡣
ӳ´󾪣Ϊ˵ģ̧ͷĿ⣬Ȼȥɣݲ㡣Ҫȥ
ǣҲûжŤŤɡ
ֻȻԣֻ㻹ڣ˵˶ûУ𣿡һ࣬ƿӵ
Ƕ磬˶ؼ̽ȥˣµĶЩûмҵģѩԭ·̣Ҳӳ¸ˣǺò̽׵ʱôΪһ˽Ҷأ˵ֲǹҲûǸزԽӳԲû̺ˡ
㣬ȥɣ顣˼һֻһ⣬
ӳ⻰̵ȥѧһȥۣȫ
ԥΣȻͷͬˡ
ӳº޵ԭֻ붺ܵܣûʲôϵֻû뵽Ȼ壬ҧȻˣôȥ
ŵʮġζæ̬¶˵һȥۣ¾ˡ˵ĵĿһ۽˼ǲҪֳӳЦЦƵȥǰ档
ˣֻһ˵ڲղԣ
ﾲһ㲻˵ֺһЦִȵģӳ¿˫һģһ۾ҲÿͺõҲ죬ľѺõĲֱ˴ˡ
лҪ˵򣺼ӡ  
ţŵһֵģŴƳɣ֥飬ը졣
԰ٶȰٿơ

ʮһ  ϲ

ĽľĶٰ죬Ҳ⡣
ľɽ¥һ¥¥ǰǵľۼأرռλãܱҪڽ۰Ͱ͵վŵˡ
Ԫǽ֪ȻúͰǼһСһԵţǾֱռʱ˺͵¥ż䣬ƾľһ࣬Ǿѵλá
˱꣬¡¡ɷ֡һ֧鶼ˣһſɫΪȵȣһĿȻ
ÿ۶Ͼϵ˰õ죬ǶһŶһЦ
ʱɽ¥С̹ѺĶ飬֮棬ӮˣܰѵѺĶû˳㻹ѡһʲҲһ׮¡
ӳԥȴԥİһϡӳ룬ҲѺͷϴηȥֵ۹϶ˡ
С˸ߣæסһûѺأ
СæӶ˶úЦССͣϲ֣˼ãԼѺˣѡ˰
ӳͬĿܵܵͷģӮġ
һ˭˵һģƺˡ
ӳ¸뿪ڣϱ㴫˸Ĺӳ±˹ȥϿں죬Ҳֽкá
ϵˮֺͶ¶׳ĸ첲ڴ˿չ¶šӳϸһӺȻǰ
ӳ²ɵŭĿӣһҿ˲áп˸㿴ҵģĬĬ롣
ӳҲû⣬Ŀת򰶱ߣȻǺ«Ӹ򼸸֪ϲǺ«ٶһҲûʲô
ֻǧܰϣӿЦҲû˵¥Ǻ«ȥˡ
ӳ¿ŴӿͦεģľӺΧ˸룬ôƣˡ
ս񣬴ܳδս֮ľĺԶ
Ǻ«תķ򣬾Ǻ«ЦӳҲЦŻӻ֣ûţҲЩ̻ġ
ճǺ«۱㿪ʼˡ
һգ۵Ĺҵļһɳ۶Ҫֱɽ¥İվѡüϸѷɳ۶ȥӳ̽ͷһȱȱȥ鿴
շһҳţӳ¼Ӻ͵ܵܶĿתţմһ죬ۣ֮ԥһ֪ҪҪ
ּۿذǿţһȻڴߣ̬ʣ˵ķζö֮Ľˡ
ӳСʲô
ԭǸڣһֱ֣Ƕ룬˵ҲˣŲأҪлˡ
Ȼݷ硣ͬѹ
ǺôӺ޽ҲѪԵżڶͽиˣӳﲻȴԣٴεʵ˼𣿡
ӵɫ˼һ׮ⷴ׬ĺ
ߣ鲻Ը˵ˡȻˣһҲ˼żΣ컹⿪˰ء
ȥӳǰһ
ҵǲ֪ʲôʱˡ´һۣţ¥ҧѡ롱øء
¥ӳ²⣬ѵ˼ڼﾹ˲ó
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ۼһȹŵߵߣĽһ硱
ʱȻУȻӶãҲֱ治˭˵Ļ˼Ļصô¶
¶Ȼܵ˵زš
ӼδڣתͷȥһʶĹü˼̸Ľӳ¡
ӳ²׽ӵߣѧ۵׸Ůۣ𣿡
Ӷһݸһ֡һ̧ͷε񣬼ᶨҡͷǵá
۽Ӳĳһǣһ˶£Ҳ⡣˵պһֻ
ɲһֻ׵ķ𣿽ӳĬĬ
𱸵Ŀӳ£ƺ˵ôʲô˶ӳ²˼˵ȴƮ˴ߡ
λ绽ɰɡӾͲûаѡǲ족ˡ
ӳһЦ˵
ɾһֻܻʤ޷ֻø˳ƺʾ֭ĺӴ
ҾðӮ۽Ͷĸĵĵϣ̲ס廰
۲ԹɫӵͷתŲ豭棬ƲߣֻõͶҲǰֿӣ֪Ͷʲô
ҽͶĶǿ϶䣬۹ãͻȻˡ֪ϧ֮Уæش
Сӣû㣡ֹ˼ڳڨڨջ֣Ц
۽ʾ֭˵κһʲôˣţȴˣȻĵ֣ұ㲻ˡ˵ձȥһߣѽӳ¿ʰʼ
ԭ¶ϲӣӷҳȻȱȱǿ
ððãСװ㲻ͣͷȥ£ߴߴ˵ͣ
ᣬҵһг𲻳ɣǰнӳºнӳƣ˸ȫ谭ģᣡ
ӳǵ̸޲ֽкãȾָδ֣ȥɣɲһɩɩ
˼Ĭؿһһڣϲӣ
һڿĳ˲֧˶䡣
ӳæס죬˵ʲôأž꣬ôô˼
ʶԼ˵˻˼ͷˡ
˼߲ͣ˸պöˣӵ۾ϳ򣬴ߵ˶ĬתͷһĶһѲӡ
شˣӳǿ򶨵ֳȻϲ˵תͷۣѵ㲻Ҫһ𣿡
ǰ仰˿ֻҪã¶ֳҲ պҸ÷˵ҲСһ׮
˺ȴᣬѾˣȱǷش𣬿˶òش𣬿˵ϲǲϲƺǴԥΡ
ӳ̹̹ûʲô˵ģӱֻ֣ȱһ˵ʱѡ
й˵룬ȢĿܱ΢΢ˣ˵룬ǵӣֺá
ӳ²һ̶Уţ
лҪ˵Ȼǻǵ~ϲղأ
̫ұȴ顷
˽ߴ飬Բ108ʽ׽~
ġ֮󡷳
СŮڼɣ׿쵽
Ҳܱ꡷ͩ
ģ쳣ɳм͸¶˵жζ

ʮ  

۸Цߵ¶ô⣬Ѿʮһˣñܻˡ䵹Ķָ
ӳ룬֪ܻ䣬㲻ˡ
գգۣæ˵ԭ۽˵лѽǻǿЩ߰ɣǱ˷˶಻áҪͿ͡
ۼˣæЦѣ¶ô͵ءĵȵ˿ûгȥ˼
ǻ۽ϲ𣿡ӳһֻ޺С꣬ѭѭգɩɩΣ
ȥˣɲȢķ˽ţ˻⣺ˣۿҪˣǼҲɡ
ԽΧǸжСŮҵĽ̬չ¶ţӵ۾ȴҲû߿һۡ
ӴŲӳȴ˼һȥˣۼ״Ҳ˼ֻתȥһߡ
ʱԶԶϷĻƣ˷ܣĿתĿŽϵļۡ
͵͵ǱһۣСĽӳƴŴ⿴ƺһҪɳȥһ㣬ɵõԥҪҪ߿ȴְ˻ȥΪˡ
ӷרĿϵۣ̤˶ڣ˷׷ֽкá
յ㣬۳ʱ򣬱˲˸߸ߵĽʸˣΪ־
ԽԽ˶ס˺Ҫһʱ֪֧ڣǲ෹̸ˡ
ͷԽһֱȵİһٶ
˿һʵۣγѣƴֽкãû뵽һβ˰ףպȻһٳ
ӳºǾϲԭŵڶҲû뵽ôĿ࿴ˣ漴첽߹ȥʼƨ񣡡
ͷϲԣȴЦⲻϡӳĬĬ룬ƨĵ˵ϡ
쿴Ӻͽӳһùģٴȥ߱˵Ҫͱؼˡ
⻰ȻǶ˼˵ģӳæ˼߰ɣҾͲˡ˼ǸЦЦ׷ۣһͬš
ӳЩƮƮȻ⻹˼һζЦأȻǱϳҵˣһһЦַ飬ˡ
ػɣǲۼ˼òԲ㲻
Ӽ⸱ģ붺ʲôأһϲһüģĪǻˣ
˭֪ӳµˣӵϱˣŶ󣬾Ȼõӣ
ӳºܲ˼˭ܲϲأ⻰˵л˵ܣҲ֣ƫƫöࡣ
㲻֤ԽԽںˣӳһۣõ⵹Ҳøˡ
С˹ʱ򣬽ӳ¿Ľ׹Цòá
ȴΪӳǶСЦģɾ޵شСһƽƽ棬˫Ŀ񣬱¶۹ôãҲ档
ЦɵĽӳ£Ӱ¶ģպķضԹĿУȻӣƭ˿ֵܻߵߵǮء
ӳ˽һöµĶ׹СȥˣЦŶӵ磬׹Ӳ͵ҵա
񣿡룬ƺ֪ӳµʵǺʱ
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ӳӣŽϵĴҴҹͣһ⣬Ҳֻһ͡


ʮ  

صӳȥϷƽİѽշһʵ档
ԽԽľ޹һӣȻĲˣҪҪֻҪ֪ˣЩЩСһ±ˣ᲻ط
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ĸֶûпˡһűÿӵϥֻδѽȥҲûƽϣܵġ
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ʮ  Զ

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ʮ  ӵ

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ţӳ˿Ÿϣźŵī˯ˡ                        
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ÿűӰЩζײײڵĸ첲С磬¶ӦøǸ𣿡
ڿһۣɸֵ˵һ㣬䵥𣿡һҲǣҲרĵˡ
ȴͷһۣɫѱ档
ͤ˰ŵȥ˷Ժӡ
ӿŹЩΣͲĴһ㣬ӳ¿ӵĸͷ綼ߣɵҲЦ粻ȥͲȥգǡ
ȻɰͰ͵ĵţȽӳ½ȥˣһ£һǿܽȥҲ˽ȥ
˰ѽյȫ˳ԣȻһͬźӵƣǸвסģৡд֣һ˺ӵƣȥӳдʲô
ӳȻԶԶģҲ˹ȥ˳֣˵žҹ
Ӻڶһۣںֵ˽˻
ӳ»챧Թ㿴ı磬۸ң㲻ڶû˸ҳˡ
ЦЦȥŹסΣպĸҲһС˵
ӳɵˣ֧һ˵棬ıһǺܺõġ
⻰òˣѹĵ׵ʵҲģĸպȥ˵Ű˹ڽӳϡ
ӳµͷ˿Ƶɽֶ֪ôˣĿӣСҡܲȥ𣿡
ȵ۵ȵ۵ĹˣȻǰʺ󣬵ǺӵĸȣС׼ˣƽִ󳤹Ԫˣ
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ɵģ˳˳˳ëָͷþͲˣʲôӣ˻أ۸Ҽұã
Ҽұáĸҧļء
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ӳƲƲ죬˵ҪΪ˼󳤹ŲðԼء
лҪ˵һҪ󳤹
ӳ£¡
ӣʲôϱҪš
ӳ£ֻûһƲأ
˺ܾúܾá
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ڶʮ  ͷ

ӰһСԺŷ£ɨһΧˣǶͷûҶ࿴ԶԶض㿪ˡ
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ӳ»ûߺߵұԣ
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ӳûܾŪ
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ҲûżŻʹķ񡣹һ֨ѽһſˣתǵɫӰһȪ
ĵͷ¶Ϻص۵ûţױȥɬۣĺˣŪ
Щ߰˼߹ǣ֣ӳ¿һۣûԡЦеĿԶ
տٰãӳ±żŨصҩζǰಡʱơǰ֣һᣬۿӿæŤͷװ·ߵĻ
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¶ȻϲģζҪֳءӳѡֳҧЩϣ󳤹֮
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ǰҲûϲӳĬĬ룬⻰Ȼ˵ֻõͷ˵ˡ
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Īλӿ
㣬ʲôЦλžꡣ
ҲСˣ˸ճͶأС֡

ЩϢ˶ʱǶû⣬ǻиҪ¶ҪæЩˡ
ٹվϷ˵ٳæȻ죬ĸҲսŲմء
ûĸ;ĸԼԽմŽӳժӣϷ죬˻ֻӡ
Ϸ˿Ůӽ̳ӣҲǣЦҲǣ԰ѽӳ´ͬɢͯӣüĻһź룬ɰˡ
ӳ¿·ЩӦϷЦҵʲôʲô¶ҪҲɣ
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ӵʱ򣬽ӳ԰˺ӱڰһ
Ҳ˱Ȼ¶֮󣬲֪Ǻ־ɫ
뵽˴ЩζɵЦı磬ʹˡ


ڶʮһ 

˵˷ԸͣȻֵУ㶼ȥ˷ԺӣӳֶԺӵ
Ժǰ˭סģôû˵
˭֪أû˴ǲ𣿡ͶȥӵһƳ
ߡӳҲŤͷȥͤ
ѽãⲻ˵ͱǣæȥ
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ӺȻ̫Ϥˣǰϲ轣һģһ
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Ӱĥһ̧ͷȴ
һЦЦѽӳº˻
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ӳû֮΢գȻöţһ١
ӵĿһۣЩη壬ϾֺãģһԴҶˡ
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ӳ»ص¾ӣɢͯѣѸٻһ°ѣžЩ
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ǰӴֻӺҳ˶Լÿû˼ǰûо𣬾ƽĹȥˡ
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û˵ֻǰڻ
ƺһСӣ﷢ѿǰһ̧ͷ֦⣬ϸϸܵĲ                        
лҪ˵һ±Ƚ϶СΪһҪ
ͯڣһ¸۵Сɰкã

ڶʮ ޢ


ӭã򸣣ֿʼÿյĻӭʽ
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С㣬Сȥһۡݱӣ̽ͷ
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ֵֻǣС㶼ʮˣûˮѩЩǳţ֪˳ĩ˲˵С㣬ҪҪ÷ҸŮҽ壿
ӳһҪһˣǰΪ˲֪òм꣬ŲɵȥʣиŮҽ壬Լܵࣿ
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ӳЩ˵ģѾˣѵ;Ҫңң
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ⷬ˵̫ǿЦ㵹ԽˣҵС㡣˵ŵײײˣ֪ͨûС
ӳҲ֪ⷬˣ۴ȥҲĲ̣Ϊ֮ƣֻ쵶նˡ                        
лҪ˵ӣ¶ͯڿ~
ӳ£Һò׳ˣŲҪͯڣ
ӣ̫ϧˣҸ׼õĺ
ӳ£Ҹң
۵λСѶͯڿ֣

ڶʮ 

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ӳЩһֹеĹңʵϣܲôˡ
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ңңӳ鲻Խǰ˼δѾʮˣ֪úòá
Ҳ˵ֹεСڷŨܣѩ۾ʢ췱ǣĵӰ
뵽˴ӵ˼֣ӳ
һһÿһϣӳ¿Ǹͦɵ꣬ǰĬصһЩֲ壬ǰǽ
ͤӳϸϸü۽ǣȴ쳣㲣һΨ˫۾Ź⣬ɵúۿɬĺ磬۵ܿˡ
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Ӵлĺܵ͵Ծ֪˲࣬Ҳӵ⣬һ·ƽ˾ŹǰսӳʰһֹЩѾСˣЩ
ӿոµҶʹŵͷͷ˵һˣӳ±ЦúϢǻؼˣȴҲûվ̨ϿԶ
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ӳһ֮ңĵطͣ£Цӯӯ磬Էɣ
ӶĿû˵ԼԺӣҲ̲סѽӳ˻СﰡС
һжҪˣϵҲҪһֻ̣Ҫ
ǲŵ
ӿƵ˿һӳµͷͳƺ飺ȥԷ
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뵽˴ӳҿ˿ֻˣСʵ磬ոΪʲôҪң
⻰Ǻһ£֪ôشΪȢ㣿ǽӳҪĶӣһĽڣû˵ӳſˣԺɲˣ˿Ļǡ
ӳ˵ȥˣȻ޹ˣȴȻЩĪ˸ͷĬĬǷ̧ƻĿ˿
ƫҪʵģӳ±ۺĿٵ
е͵͵ЦԱߴӳ͵͵۾һ죬ԴӻصǱһЦǾ磬ӳ´ĿҲƫĸݡ
ԹԳԷҪ˼롣Ӽһӷڽӳ
˼룬ӳ´ӣڴԱߵӣĳ˲һۣӳϹԹԵĳӡ
ǰÿڣӣһ֣л䣬ȻԻظ
뵽˴ӳһ˿ע⵽̽æͷ̫ˣʱ˵Щ徲
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ӳһ͵ɹץС󣬸ɰͰ͵Ц磬ҪɱҪʹ죬ôˣǺ˾ƵԵʣһ˿壬Ĺ
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лҪ˵һǵģϲղأ
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Сģ˫Ůڴľǵ
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ӳ±űãȻĿһϤĳ裬Ȼȥôˣ
ԺлۺȾƵƬΣӳЩգôְˣΪʲôҪȾƣ
㷵һӳ¾ֱȥŹղײգԼ˵
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׼ظĴű㿪ˣӳһƼܼҷԸţһӳȥ
ҹǲģмĹ͵ãŻԴҿͨɣֹҲףλЩͷġ
뵽˴ӳµͷλӸһλֵĿһۣҡˡ
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ܼŹͣǰǲɢܼͣһҲδ뿪ǰܼҶܺãʲôԵĶ
뵽˴ӳ±żֶԳľ̸ܼ
Сɣءܼһź˵ʱЦϡ
ƺүҲùӣɼܼŹ¸ء
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˵ĻȴûӲ磬۽Ⱦһ˿Ц⣬ת˵𣿡
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Ѹٱ˻ƳһֱվܼңѸ˵һȥ
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ŭӲ˵ţɿȥϵԺӡ
Ůл˵ŴͷһûӶ˭ôŹϸϸŮӵòЦ.ĺӣȻһء
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ڴߣסӳµ֣ʹüһֻ֣üࡣ
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⻰뵽ӳȹӺѪȻˮ
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л᰿һԼ˫֣Ѹٷн߬סʲôȣ
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ʮİٳԽˮ飬ȴҪ͸ҵɵ檡
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ϰлԼԺ, û㣬𣿡
л᰿ɬһЦлΪָԽ򣬲ȻһҪٴȥ
ϸϸл飬̾˿, Ҫ־͹ûһó, ڹ, ŪŮ֦ͷˡ˵һǧһ򣬺ôŮûʲôɵ, Ҳ᲻˵ػοǴԼŮ, ˭ۡ
˳Ĭһ, Ͽڵһ˼ң޹ȥҲģӦ˰ɣ
лᰵͷ, ɡ
Ůһûоܾ, ϲʤ, Ϊͨ, ˵úúãú룬ᰶô, ϶ٸɾ˵ֵߵߵĳܼϱˡ
лһڲ裬һƬƽ
֪磬ӳ, ӽüҲ۾Сģ¶, 㲻ǵԼ𣿡һġ
ӳãȻţĻҵһΡҲ֪
ǰǿʮг˭뵽һȻǰһأӳᣬҲǰ˰
һΣըһ̻뷨ȴȻͬȻ֤¶СŮḶ́鶯֮һѹסˮƵָ⣬۾Ķʵ𣿡
ãӳ»ûӵĶﻺ˵Ļһ£ȻЩʹѾöˣԼϵʵ˭ѣ
лᰵģӼɻ󣬽͵Ůɷ磬ֻһŮֲԸļޣԹˡ
ӳµͷǵüǰǺӵйһ֮Եģû뵽ĸŮҲǿˣ´ʱ򣬱л
ɫѾʱˣӳߣЩᣬЪһʱȥ
˽ǰӰѽӳ²ӳ¾úЦǿˮѡǸģ϶ŵˣҲûַܾϣ
ûжȥ˻ʹķ
ӳ»ԸС˰ѩԺƫƧľôһ·Ҫۣ˷źһЩһѩ㼱ҴҵĹˣӳûж˵˲Ժӡ
ڴϣӳ±ԸѩݱһЩϸĺŮҵãӳԼ
ѩµʲôϲ̵ȥˣССڵˣһԵݱ׻ЩԺ˵˼䣬ݱ׾һæס죬Цˡ
´ӣϱһˣڴŮĶӣ۵ʵ۲ۣ
ӳ¿ݱһۣݱװһ޹֪˵ģӳһ£˵Һܺá
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˵һ룬С˺ǽ裬Ͽ꣬ż˵˵ҸøҸ׵չ㣬ϧȥ磬ֻѩݱˣҪȥɫ֡
ӳ²Ҫɢϲ˹ţؾϣֻ˵ݱ׺ѩܺãҲûǿŮˣԼˡ
ϸǺñӣҪߣһЦ޵ʱ򣬰ȻҪҼ֣ɲܾ
ӳæϵĵͷˡ
𣿽ӳ»һ󣬵ͷ´ӣԺнӳһż
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ϲݣԺ˸ɫʻŮ£ŪȥˡӳҲвס󿴿ֿˣժ¼ϴɾιϳˡ
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ϵͷҲãŮȷʵҪܻһЩ룬ְ뿪ЦôܻЩ
ӳһ̧ۿϣʵʵشҺֻ֮顣
ˣСʱôҪã߶Ҳ޷ҲûŮǿ˵
һ£еӣʵҼǵãСʱ³ģôһѽȴˣ
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ϱʣҲûϣ£ʮôˣ
ӳ룬һѱסϣͷʮô죬ʮ꼰˵ɡ
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ӳ뿪ϵĻÿ궼˵ŮǴҲûŮʲô֪ƭҡ
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֪ͷתæ˼գӳյӵȥһ𣬽ӳҲշһ£ҲͬˣѴС˶ϣԼȥŹ
Źӳ²ž˼֣С˰ߣ㿴´ӳѧϯضЦģ
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Ŀ¿ÿеĻϴ͵Ц⣺Ϊ¶ҵġ
ӳºȥһߣӿһֹۣԹԵŲ˻
ӿźϾֹƯʵ⼸ɼҳ
ҳշĽӳͷһʶĻشˡûС
ûУüһŲŲĹټС㣬ô֪ҳ֣ûиϢĻᣬ˵ҳǰķɡ
ƯȴϹˣǱŵģӳ¿źϵһȦȦô֪
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ڶʮ ̹

ӳ¿Цһ, һˣŲԶļɽһһʮ˵ƽִ󳤹, , Щļ尾
һ, 侲˵ǰһУĳ޺Ͳ, һΣֺ, Լ, Ҳû
˵ˣӳȻЩԼȻֵôƽ, ڲһһ, , ӿڡ
ӳĬһ, ʵȴǼ¡ӳɻؿǻ˵ˣǰ, ң˵ҵ͵ܵöܺãҲҪ, ֵҼǵ죬ģģĿһӰ֪㻹ҳ
ӵͷ, Щ볰ЦǰԼԭôųϲһ˶˵ڲһˣתͷӳõĲΪʮױ
˸˼ĳĬһӳ²ʵô֪ҳǰġ
˵ȥˣʵķޣᡣ
һգմӹлӳں˵һۣɫ䡣
Ծӵ˽Ȼ֪ҳĵնӣҲǸεɡ
ƽҼҳ˵ߺ죬ҲüĿ飬ǽӳ²һŵðȻ뵽һЩ顣
ϸϸĥ˼죬ƽ˵ͬ棬۵üڲסŮ£ʱͿ϶
ѰңײʶУҳֻǰķˣһܶ಻õĻ䡣
Ӻ˵˾䡰Ϲµġʵ˵ҴǶʮģ
ӳûķܣСƵĵͷǵúȻһ˿ԥ
ӳһǣԵЩ˵ĻҲпޱȣҸ㣬Ҵȥأ
žડһӳ˳бˮһȻʧ
䡱һըˣôܣȻһֱڱ߽ûлҲô͡һֱûлǰҲһֱڱ߽ûлѶ練ƣ
ӳǰȻһƬֲǰôֲϸ»ʱ쳣㲡
ʲôûзֻ֣ñ߽ȴû뵽ǹ¼ҹˣȴֻܰЩ̵һжѰ
ӳºȻޣǰ׹жͿһֱûзЩ飬ɵʵǲȥ˵Ҫʱȥˣ
ӳصĵͷĴ磬ǰ
߽صأ֮ЩССҲӲûз
յоͻȻ͵Ϯ˯죬ûзҪӭУΪ˾ʧһʱ򣬴ﲻӿѪȴһһٵ˵Ǿ䡰ȥ
ӱۣһֱֵ֪ĺ塣սķӣࡣȻӦ֣Ϊսɳڴ¹
ңֻһˡ
ҲҰ˯ˣе紵ݶȻԺﲻӿǼλҰļ䣬֯Ŷʱ
ͣȴԼ˱
Ȼһ˹ů⣬˫ֻסӵĲ˲۾ֻܿСԲԲķ٣ҭ˵磬ģԺ㻹ҡ
ͷһů̧ӵס¶Ҳſ㡣
ӳգ˵ڵǾ仰ȴںŽӳµıãٵȵȣٵȵȣŵ
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ӳֹסᣬòſЦһҲֻ֪֪Ҽˣ˹ֲһˣ̫ҽҲ޲ߡ
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ӳȷʵ㣬Ҳûӵͷ˵һ䡰֪ˡӳһͷˮ֪ʲôˣ
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ȻֻǸ֮ŮϺܿԼĪǲ˰ɡ
ǰλһӳ»Щ棬ѵڵѡǰ˼ӣȴ֪Щ£԰ס˼Ϊ˼ĺҪˡ
뵽ӳҲסˣյѡ֮˼ظȥӼ㲣ϻۣ棬ŷظ
ӳʹ۾ǰһԪˣظ֮һҪú˯һԸţϴһ¶¶Ľ
ӳæӣƼıãͷ󺹵ĳ֣ϺһһģǶˣϷģ͡һЦóͣˡ
¶ɰۻˣԺôƫƧҵȻˣҼģҲңЦҼˣߣҪ֪㣬ָҪĽʲô˵˴ñЦˣ¶ҸҲˡ
һϳõûͦӳûᵽڣЩİӵݸı磬Ѿʮˣôôɣ
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ûĵ٩ת˵ڵ£֪֪ĸڸϱأ˵˲ҵĴС㣬ʲôţ˰ûڰ֣ˣǲҵġ
Ҿӳ૵
ԶԶԣ֣ô֪òĿǼҺҼûʲô
ҾҳãȻĲˣӳ¼޹ȥ֮СദĺܺãҲҼΨɫƵģȻиԽӳ¶ĸףȴáȻҾЩãԿǾйүȢѡˡ
ǰؼҺҼ׮µģҾͻСҳûȢޣ±˼ֻ꣬ǲ֪ʲôԵʣŵʱҾڻûгס
С֮䵱ȻЩӳ˸ѻһۣŵ֪ЩҲ
һҲǣ㲻ˣļ䣬Դظˡ
ӳһ·ֱоյڽͣ£Ű˿Һǲϸ緢ڣ϶ܷƽһɵЩңһ·˻ԼԺӣӳµͷ˯
գӳرḮڹϳѣƺҲЩźΣϵ⿴˽͵ǽӳ£ʧ˻ȥ
ӳһôҾʧˣ
ĸҰСǹͣԵɨӭǺһ䣬ָӳŲһط¡
һ߳һߵȣѶˣҲûС̫ϲ۲͵ѲҪȵϣҿ˼Ҳˡ
ӳ֪Ǹӣó׼õĻ˷
ʱжˣ۶»ܣȥѡû
ӳ̵ҲȥḮš

ڶʮ ˽

ܳԼҵ, ԻѾǵĴˣʮǻȵ۸˹֮ɽ
ԻҲûйʵ, ǻ, Ȩա, ܰո㣬, ѵõ
ֻŮɫƺ̫⣬ǻ, ﻹֻдǱۡλ, ֻһλ
ѡ㣬üˣҲд󳼵, ԼŮһɳ, ٸʵ۴߷, ǵ;ɾһ˳ˡ
С̴ú, ֻǶû뵽ǣľȻһСС֮Ů
ӳ¿Ŵֵİǣһʱʧ, 컯Ūˣǡ
һһ̧·Ḯûͣ˵ĳһƽ֮Ůһ̻֮Ů, ֮㶼ǹټСˡ
ƽͷȻûȥԱۼĶһü˷ɣһƽ֮ŮסƫƧֻḮˡ
Ḯ˾Ȼģ˼һʱͷۿ, ࣬Щ̾ĿȺ
ԼĪ˰ʱһ̧βȵͣḮĸǶһü˳۵С̫࣬ǰһ󸹱Ĺ룬ģ˫һú첼ס̣첼¶һǡ
Ƿڲѣ̣ҿ϶˸ˣ
ۻûӾлͱӳ˸УѰں㰸񡢲Լţ;ʳȡ
Ḯĵͷ˹Ͼĵͷţ滹վһλųң˼ĸˡ
ӳϸϸһۣŵͷվһԡ
ɵݲܱƼ˼ɴСѾߵĲ¹ϣҲŹ£ּĹͦŶվм䣬˶ֹĵͷ
СĴʥּɤӴŮϣԳɣУ޳ޥģº£ŷΪƷˣմˣ
˼˫ֽӹʥּޱϲæվЦһ仨Ҫ裬˼䣬ųḮعˡ
һͬվֳмǵٻӰ£/檹˰
˼ɨһۣĸʱһ˿ɣ첽ǰԷŵһ𡱡
ӳʱ͵͵ϥǣлᰵд˼ƺ빬ǰˣȻͦıֱ
һ京ŵĵֻǾվҲ˵Ŀ⡣
Ĺظ࣬˼ҪŹϰ񣬻ҪڸһԶ˵ĵطס£涼Ҫӡ
նɣȻҪʳ˼̻
ӳûжһ˼Իȥˡ
˼˵İķУ̧ͷɨһ۽ӳ£ǲһ˿΢Ц
ӳ»ظ֮æ˼գڵʮˡ
Ůʮֳƽ֮꣬ش죬Ȼʮ꼰ǵʱҪ¡أԽӳº̶֮󣬾ֻ뼸λҪõСټŮӣǰ㷢ֻˡ
ѩ෢ݱ׼üӳ¿ͭﴩŵɫٻҷسȹԼȻһֻ֮С
ǰʮʱЩ¶ǽŮģϻЩӤʡ
ΪˮǰԵʣʼǰҲʼü֮Ȼһ˿Ůġ
ӳƺͭĽŮҲ鲻ԽЦСƽֿɰĵĸоҲʧӰ١
ݱ״սӳ£㶵Ŀá
ӳüеʵݱףӲôôû֣ѵԼʲôӳ´սͭϸơ
ݱŻعҡҡͷ˼Զɽüϡȴڲϸ̾˫ˮ۾ԽԽ꣬ԼĿȫˣü
Ҳ֪Ժ˭иȢԼС㣬϶øȥ
ѩȣٱͷɫˣץʱ֬֬Ϳ֬δױʱֶ˼ŮĽġ
罭Ԫ岢δ棬Ҳֻ¶˸ˣǶСûڻһЩŵĻǶһһգ㶼ɢˡ
һ޾˰ɣӳ³˳ڴϣƣĲס
գϴȥٹձĺʱ
ŮչҲðһϣӽȥԺˣҲΪǡ
µشƫƧھǽɽϣԶԶȥƣһ㣬ƽ˼ĽʯСɽһ·ɡ
ӳºͽӳͬһûˣӳմŲŲĽС㶼Щ
ƽȵʻٵС˺ܳһ·ͣ΢Ъһ㿪ʼɽ
ܵÿ죬ɽ·ʯ壬һǻ£֪أҴ˼ȥ׷ʡĵĽˡ
һ㶼ż·ߵҰȤҰȻСϸȻȾѾĽҪÿ
ӳ±߲߱ɣӳɣ໨һͱһ
ƶɣܺÿӳ½ӹӳƵĻԸôˣһ·ʼڶ
ӳ¿Զж仨ƺʶɫĴ껨꣬İм䵭ɫĻӳ¸ϸһ
æͷǽӳƵ˵ϣʹһ½ףҰɢӳæȥ۵ƶôҶңû㡣
ӳǿվ˺һŵƺŤˣȥǰͤЪһЪɡ
ӳӦǣɽĽСͤСͤһǣϢƬ̡
ͤһϺ裬ЦеҡȸС¯Ȼ𣬼Ҳûжԣַ裬ϡ
ӳ¸мĳϺел̧۱㿴һϤӰɫһϽŲ
Ҿƫɫˮ̴̴˸飬մɫǸɫҰİɽۡӳ֪Щңһǲأ
һۣЩڽûдɴ
磬ЪһɣҺۡҾǸɢӣϲҳû˵˳ͤſͤЪţͻǣͷʾʯͷϡ
ҾСĸ첲ͤӣ˵λ㣬Ҹ约ߣɷҲͤЪЪţҾգգ۾ɰˡ
ӳ벻ɾֻܾõͷĬˣȴп࣬еһж֤ĹֲҼҵõģǿǱ˹ֲʲô壿
ֻŽӳƿЩǹ컯֮£ŮӵĽŲ¶ֻܵҳЩˡ
ӳƲĲڣЩܣˣ۽
뵽Щζ˵㣬߰ɣһҲû¡
ӳԥһ˲ҡҡͷôùֻýùֲοƶԾнԼôǸýأ
±סӳƵ֣һЦ

ڶʮ ǩ

Ҿ, еĿλ㣬Ľˣ
ӳƵͷܵҽнӳƣҽ㽭ӳ¡
ӳЩ, , ôվȻͱ̸ˣû, Ҿ˼һЦ󸱶ʷ˼ҵģ
ӳƲĿ, ͷҾûн, ƤһЦҽҾ, ҸҳǲҵģԺλ㳣, ʲô, ҾæҴ綮Щҽ, ĵĻ, ԡ
ӳһȻ֪ҳҽо
û˵ӳǺ, ҡͷҳ˵Ļ뻰˽ӳһۣѵã, ô໰Ъˣ߰ɡ
ҾŽӳƵĸ첲Ų, СŮҵĽһʱˣһʱˣλԲס
ӳû⣬˽ӳһۣһֱŲյ⣬ЩɻŻص£ܻãҼϲ
ģҾ۾ƽ޸Ҹɡ
ջع׼ȲĽӳæѲյ£ǿûЦҾѾͷһһǰķȢԼãͺЦ
ҾԽԽÿУϼףǸãŽӳƵĸ첲ûʽӳ£½ɶ˷ң
ӳûлشָ֪µġ
ҾһߺͷַϥϣŮҵĽ̬֮չ¶š
ӳͱҾ󵨵Ļŵסˣͷû˵ҳ֪Լù龫֣ЩΣǸĿһ۽ӳƣȴƳһΰĲ˶Ҳͷ˵ˡ
˸˼ĳĬһҾŵ˵ģҾ˶Ž͵Ҷ˵СӣҲϱˣܵҡҿƽӾͲ޸ҸΣ
һֱĬҳ̲סˣ˫һ۴Ǹ⿴ӳƣĶӣô̯ôá
ƽ½㣬пȥǸ氡ҾקԶûǲһ䡣
ӳ¼ԶӲŷӳƿһıӰתߡ
ĿһеЦõĲһڣ㡣
һĹ򣬽ӳڿ·ˣĿбӣҲĶˡ
ɽϣӳ³ӻ֣˿̲סԹһΪ·ϳˣȥأ
ӳֻһ䡰ƶ˽šտڲ̸ڰɽҼõ飬Ͽ˽ӳһۣ߱˵Ӧñҩһȥһаɡ
ӳƵͷӦǣҪס強ȥ
²ֻҪݸ·Ҫǩ飬ֻǽǩֻһϺУÿ̶ʱǩʱ䶼֪٣տǲǩˣҶԭʹס죬˱強סͬһ䣬պÿ顣
ɽģӳ±Ҽõĵ˸ֲҲƽֻҪӴҲûʲô󰭡
˻ƻʱ֣ӳƵĽ˺õĲˣ׼ȥֲĢû뵽ճ˷ţڱ߳һҾӳסҲ̫˰ɡ
ӳƵǴ󷽷ĺҾкǰ֣ϤѾõĺýһ˵˵ЦЦ
ӳȻͬһ棬ʵڵģǰļ䲻ӿֳҩԣԲڴѹصĴͷЩۣȥ
ӳƺҾһۣЩϧĿȰ˼䣬ȷʵܣЯȥ֡
ӳ¿˿ıӰȥǰһԵɣƶҳǼģܷչʲôزҪ컯
գȥǩˣӳҲո֣Դӳ±Էʮֵľη֮ģ˵Ӳ񣬵вޣԳǩʱҲϡ
ǩҪϰʱй˰ĵطĸŮֻɢɢʮˣӳһ£֣صóǩƣдǩģÿͣȫδ⣬ȥͷﾡĥ»С֡
ӳƶǶһЩ˯ſϴϼ״ЩЦոǩʱô֣£ΪŮͻȻͨأû뵽Ǹӣ㲻ˡ
СʱֵĸŮˣӳ»ЩԺȥˣһЩҵȹ΢ҵķ٣øɮӡǡ
ЦŴӳŰ˵ӣ˵ףŰ˽ȥ
۱һλ׵ĺУһѻ׵ĺӣüĿϼ֣ǻѵշˡӳ¶ϸƣȻ֣ⲻڰɽϺԶһ˿УЦ˫ַǩơ
Ϻпһۣ룬ЦǩǴ֮ס
ӳ˿æʵʴʦǩĺν⣿
Ҳ̸֪ǩϵֺν⣿Ϻڵĵ˵㡰֡͡
ӳȻ֪һͷˮĿŴʦʦЦʩи󣬿бᣬֻѡһ
ѡ˳ꣿӳ̽ʵ
Ե󡣡
أ
³˫
ӳºͿˣ㶵Ŀš͡ôѡһ㣬Ĭһʵʲô˼
ԵࡣϺ̾˵ⱾǩȻҲԵˡ
ʦ˵ǩģӳˣĬĬתתϵӣһֶңֻܿԼѡˡ
ˡֲ֪͡ǸǻǩĶ˵ʩǴ󸻴֮࣬ʩսҿյסʦ˫ֺʮ۾
ӳ֪Ҫ˵Ѿ˵ˣߣվһԺͱķ˵æӭӳȻ˵ˣĻŭš
ĸŮ߻強ת۱㵽ʱ֣Сի˶ۣ֪ʲôطȻóԣӳ£ȻҲ˰롣
գ˹ׯϵķİ˷𣬱׼ظˡ
ӳƺҾ⼸յദѾõһˣӳûдȥƶҪõĹѣҲˣһЩǣҾǣߣһҳͽӳĻ㺡
ȥǱڰĹֲƺҲûʲôõĵطο⼸ദⱣ˾룬ƺûʲôźͽӳƲǵٻӰӳ˼ڴ
ɽɽ׵Ķ࣬ӳûӳǰգֻϲߣܵûӰˣкܶྫҲͲˣŮЦɵ¶ôȻһˣ
ӳϵĸ첲Цĺ𣺡ⲻ°Ů㣡
ͣ½Ųһǰʵô£
Ҳְʣʵվ꣬˭²һӳ¸Ƭ̣ЦͶԵɣƶзִ磬ﲻصģҿҼҶƺϲƶء
ĵЦһģͲýӳƸϽ޳ȥǸׯϡ֪ӹöأ̧Զɽ͵֣һЦ
ֻԹűûñȽȼ޵ĵ¶Ҫץʱ˰Ůǰ۵׵ķ̣ŮЦ
ǡӳ¿һۣٵŮ볤ƹŷأ                        
лҪ˵ӵġ١ղ
ʱĸ˫ľھ˾˼ҡ
ʮİٳԽˮ飬ȴҪ͸ҵɵ檡
ٵӣƴץסףʾһݣ޸
ףʾûûǮסéݣһ໴ļŮҲˡ
ڿҿҹСӣȴһﲻ߷ڳ￪ҽݡ
ļŮǾй˵ǧ
侮ʯˣ
ٵ̫˰ɣڰͽỹü
еǮȴ֪Щ½Ƕûͱףʾ˳ȥ
ˣ޶ˣ
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ףʾʱҲǱġ
Ͷ·ʱȢš
̲ס뻳УҪģ˫ַ
ʳָϡ
1.Ů
2.ĬԻβ̰ԻxڼּҽСũŮ
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4.ϸˮģܿ

ڶʮ 

, ǡӳ¿һۣٵŮ볤ƹŷأ
֣˵ʲô, Ŷ, Ϳƺ쳾ˣû, ˵㽭ӳµĶͷЦŴȤ
ʦ˵ŮзԵ, ϧˣʧȥһŮӳ, عͷɽ¡
Ҳ, իôܵࣿϲٶᣬŮɽˡ
ɽ, ӳѾڵ, վһ, ü֮ûһ˿͡ҼѾ, رȥˡ
ûӳƣѲĶﵽѵ, ӳºͽӳƱһĬһǽӳȿڵСȥͻҪҪͬȥ
Ҿĺϲ, ССӳȻȥƬ̲ſڣˣ컹£ƶԼȥ, ҼСϲ㡣
ӳЩʧҲûжȰ֪ӳΪŮǱŮҪæġӳûô࣬ƶմŲŲܽѶȥߣҲһ£˵ԼһɾƩҳ
뵽ҳӳЦЦϱӵˣҳû˼һҲҪԶˣƶĺҳɻ顭ôƶദأӳ벻취ֻܼϣҵֲˡ
գӳԽԪһ˹ίʵЩӳ±˰˹һͬ³±òڡ
ӳԵĲ࣬ߵʱӳҪȥû˵ʲôȥˡ
ӳЩΪǲЩãǼȻѾ˵ˣģ׳ʿľȥˡ
˵ͣҲһǰһںţ֪ĻΪʶء
ӱ˫۸󣬿ǸıӰ¶ʮˣѾ˿ʼע⵽ˣô
ʱ򣬽ӳ¿ˣ̽ʵ磬ĸʹ𣿡
һû뵽Ǳӳ·ˣҲûͷĿתСͷϵİΣ͵¹¸Өӡ
ģ磬ӳ¾ԼſζЩʵ˵ļˡ
Ȼû˵ųĬӴ˿̽˪ӳȥû̧ͷ޳
¶֪Ҵôģ˸⣬ڿˡ
ӳ²ڽЩߵǲĵͷ
ȻûսϾش߽л̽ʱ򣬡渵˵һɵ£ȥǺٻ䣬ұЩ԰˾裬õоˡ
սĽ˵ЩССȻʲôйµĵսԴˣҴ⣬С¶㱻һ
ӳµɴ۾ҲĴ˵۲ۣ
ûлشĵҴΪ˱ˣҲġһս꽫սˣʲô˵µоӣھӪ꣬Ҽ˴ģ
˵ȥˣΪһֻס죬ͷӳﺬᣬȴǿĲˮ¡
һʲôˣĻţƺҪƺȴȻֹ
ޣӿÿ֣ǿסӵĳ嶯⼸ԹԵģ㡣
ӳЩ޴룬Щ궼ʲô길ĸսò׳ˣĸţսֻʣһˡ
ӳӣԼЩˣӶûޣã뵽æóӡ
ᣬӳתӳȴһöµıΣʮĿŴĥСԲĵɫ飬гһƬꡣȲ˵εľ³̶ȣĥлľϸҲûһ
ӳ¾̾ѣСΣƬĻ
ǳٵ񣬡ӽ͵ǰ̫æһֱûгʱ䣬ôŸ㣬ҵĴ
ÿʱ򣬶ʱľʱǳı߽Ρ
ôµӣͷһͣӳĻȵʵģ
ӵͷϲ𣿡ͳҹ磬˳
ӳûлش̧ͷӣ˫۾Цϲϰɣ
ӴϽӹӣഥĸоð˳һȦһȦָͻȻʹһ㣬ӳȴֵͷ񣬲ѱķϡ
ķ㣬ϻȻŰҹһµ⡣
ӶĿһƿߣŽǰŵĺȥòġ
ӳԥһתȥ
վڰŵӰʧŷٿһۣȴź¶һСԴĺ˵ټ
ӲףûпԼ䣬ű˴˶ᡣ
ӳ¿ԶŹϸţ鲻Խͷϵķģ뵽ӳ¸ԼؿȺů⣬ɵЦһӶĺܺúܺá
ӻصȥø㣬Ǹ֪ʱܰλõĴ硣
Ѷܴй¶йضַֻڻܶһ棬ôΪ
ƽĿϵ㡣
գӳҪȥҼͣӳ˸磬ѩȥŹѣݱƺ
˵ǱѣʵҲлģϺŮлᰰܶ࣬æŹ͹ڣȻˡ
ŵѾʶˣӳһ·ͨ裬ѩȥģֶƾżȥϵԺӡ
ЩȣϻǲСӳµͷӿ˽Ų
տԺţӳ±洫ˤ顱һһ֪˭ôĻ
ӳЩɻԥҪҪߣ㴫˽
².ֶҪϵ˻ƣЩЪ˹
ӳ´סһըˣֻ֣һŮ˵ıȻлˣл᰹ӡ
һ漴Ҿϲӣû°С㣬ƾԼĴʲô
䣬ˤӳ±޿ɱܣлᰴ˸档лһ£ݺݵһۣдҪǧеĺ⡣
ӳ²Ĵ˸ûϸ룬ϱ׷˳ࣺ
ȻҲƼվԺĽӳ£Ƭ̣˴֣ӲһЦôҲ˵һݡ˵űҪǰȥ
ӳºæһǲˣҸ᰽лҾˡ
ɨһ۴СĶһȹ´ӶѣȻôණ
ݵۻϵȻ㶼ˣҲ㣬ū˵˵ɡ
ӳԥһ˲һԺӵĽʢŵ˾գŸӡ

ʮ ˰

Ϲ, ֵ裬ӳ裬ŵϻûüɨƬĬĬ, Щ㱡
лʮʱ, ϱŸŮҸż, ˵˺üң⡣ϸ֮, ŮȻ˱˼
Ȼ޷ܣҲΪԼӵ, ȥҡô, лᰰʮ꣬Ĺͳˣ֪ڸ, һĵӡ
վȻ, Ĵ, ˵˴, Ͷˣ
ӳζӳ£ǰûлᰵ, Ҳ֪ûԸ޸ӡǰӳ¿϶ǲںģ, ֪ˡ
ڡӳ¿Цһӵ˼ͱˡ
ģ̧ͷ, ʵлѾͷûǸҾԲ˷֮£ϵĿ𽥼ᶨЩƽϡ
ӳеĪ˿
л˵ʵ̫࣬С㲻Ҫ߶ӣȻû˰!£ޱߵİ׷ֶ˼
ӳв̣֤˵ŷģͽӳ³ȥˡ̧ۿԺѾգǵãѾջļ䣬һԶס𣿽ӳԳ
Ҳȥˣոշһ飬Сţ׼ѩһͬȥԶгҭ
ӳԥƬ̣ǰȥԼӵ˹ȥ
л޵ģһӵ˹Ҳ˹ȥ
ˣûй㡣ӳ¼лӣǿˡ
лһ˳˫Ͽȥֻһ۹üеǻͬ飬лըëʨӣˤڵϣݺݵ˭ϡ̬
ӳһͷˮлƺûֹ찡ΪҪô𣿲ǣҲпԭĬĬţһԲ
лֽŵ㣬ͼ޸ˣû뵽Ȼҡлʶʲôҿ˿ץӳµߡӳ³ʹ˦û뵽лᰵôֻñקߣһѾСˣѲлᰴȥҲ£ӳ½п಻粻ôƫƫʱˣ
ϧлȻŹϤ߹հƵİѽӳ´һСԺҰݴȻ̫ǻԵЩɭ
л᰼˴ˣſڵӾȻҵ㣬ʲôԻֻȥ¶ѣôͱˣлᰴ˿ͷɢһӣӳл˵һ仰ʱסˣӾȻлᰵ
л᰼˵ľסͷһ㣺ӣɧ.˵ӣֲϲ㣬ͰȥԶԶأҿ˭Ҫ㣡
лųָףƯֵļԽŨأЦŰԼַȥӳȻץס˦һߣлغӳ֧лֱ곤꣬ǽģȻвлᰣܿ㱻һ
ӳ²ȥָ׻ϸ۵Ĳϣ΢Ĵʹӳ¾һתҪܣлȻŹ׷˳ȥ
һܳСԺӣӳŶӣЩܡһȻҪһʵŮϣǷ̣ԽԽлᰣӳ±۾˹ȥ
¶¶Ӷߴӳһֻ֣Ҫ˯㱻˱˻
ӳЩܣȲ۾ƼԼϤĹ뷿д󺧣˫ҲʼĶҳȥ
æס֣лһ˿ʹ˵¶ԣңң㿴һۡ
ӵӳ²۾ǰ˴ģ˵ΪҪˣ
̣ȥ磬лǸŮָɳʲôɥĲ飡սȭͷ뻳Ķȴᡣ
¶£ںܰȫû˻Ầ㡣޵һһʵıҪҪ˯һ
˳ûޣȴЩ޴룬Ǳһʧõı
Էӳ¿޹ˣ˿ȣԼɤЩɳƣЩɬЦһ£뿪Ļ
ȻҲ룬ڨڨջ֣ԸѾ߰ѷ˶
ôģӳһԵ֧ã۾һգգӳЩڣֻÿڡ
ӰùסȳԷ극ٸ㡣
ӳ³֣ĬĬǷЩĲɡ
Ӽ״Ҳһ˫ӸвˣеĶԵģӳµͣһ£ܿĲˣԼһС⡣
ӳû̧ͷӵ飬Ҳ֪ԼôˣⲻӵĴѹȴܿҲĺˡ
һٷĬعȥˣԹӳߣȻҲȥˣԡӿϵǵ˰̣Ǻ⣬Լ¶ˣߣƤӵ¾Ȼ飬̡
սȭͷڣӳ¾ţżͷʱ㣬֪ڡ
¶ҺûСһ˿ң¶⡣ӳĿһۣȢҲ޷ʲôϵ
ȴ˿ЩûͿлᰵ϶ϹˡӲż˵ȥ
ѩӵʱϰ䣬γ֪Ӳϲ˴ţѩһԵȡһӳˣЩĿѩ࣬Сȥ
ѩȻˣ֪æȥϵԺӣȴֻһ˰ᣬţȥңһ˼Ժ⣬лͣЦ⣬͵ı
֮Ͳٶ˵ˣѾл᰹ؽ˲񷿣ġ̲סһϸĲӣ˰̿ɲ͵һ
û㣿ӳƽ꣬ĿնĿˮ棬ˮֻԧڣһһ
ֻϣԭлߵԶԶġӲûал᰷ϣСʱһ٣Ѿô꣬ʱĴˡ
ѾʮˣΪͼˣֻû뵽ûˣһֱ͵͵Ľ빴Цһֳ⵵£ŹݲлˡֻǿϧһΪƣȻԼŮϧˣһŮ
ôĸŮӳ¿ʵ
㲻ģұ֤лԶǰиֳɱ⡣ӳüһۣӲɿڣģзִ硣
ӳµͷûʲô˵ˣתҪȥ
æ׷ȥ¶ձȥ˰ɣȻĸ㲱ϵˡ
û£Ӧԣӳ´ĻŲҲûͣѾһֻèˣˣ
ȵȣӰһֱ߬ŵСƿóϣϺõ࣬ǵá
ӳ½ӹ£˵һ䡰лûһ˿ԥԶˡ
վԭؿ˰أ¶Ҳܱǰģ˰ա                        
лҪ˵ʮˣҪнչˣ

ʮһ ÷

ӳ, ûסķյģֻŵӹȻû
֪²Ǩŭ, Ҫ־͹̫, ˾ͷ, Ūһˡ̲סһӱлᰴЦ, ָ׻Ĳӡ
·ݣ̫߸߹, ӳȴĴ˸, µӣЩ΢Ĵʹ
ӳ̯֣һɫСƿ, ĵȡ͵ҩȻһĺ, ӳ¿Цһ, Դ, ʲôҪӣҲŲһǰ
ӳսСƿ, Щܡ
һ·ͨĻص˸Уӳûе飬ȥϵ, һȥ㱧ԹҲҪȥӼˡ˵һƨڽϣ
˱ˣĻͷҲ̧Ц, Ȼ綼ˣŮʮˣôСԡϷ˱̧ͷҪЦ㿴Ůѩ׵Ĳһϸ˰̣΢覡
ϴ󾪣æˤëʱȥСĵĳƣô£
ӳƲƲ죬һΪֻֻèҼɰ¡˭֪èȻҰѱץҵأ
õսľʵɸƹˣ᲻̣
ôӦӳЩ˼ᣬ硭ԣӸϺõĸҩûʲôˡ˻ֶҲŲԭȻСѾèҲȥˣ
˵Ļ˳˵úúãȥͲȥ㰲ڼˡ
ãӳ¹ɵͷ⼸ҽ飬Ůʲôʱٳɡ
ŮͷεΣһԴŮСӵˣˮ飬ǰһ京ŵĳգڱǼʢ̨˭ͣ
Ҳ᲻Ůͷ¶棬ǱĸСӶˣǻ˵ãŮء룬ɾҪģϿʵ¶ӣΪѰѹأ
ӳʶҡҡͷԺȴӵĴƿôôûϢ
ϿŮϲŭŮҽ̬Ȼ̽ǲЩ˼
ӳ³ĬƬ̣Ǽᶨҡҡͷûв鵽ǰǰ˵ġЩ˵Ҳй¶˼
ϼ״ҲûٱҲֻʣҼ㳤ֻ֮Щ׽絹Զ˲١ʵںֵϲģϼףǾٺòˡ
Ϸ˿϶ϱ޹ȥӿ϶οϸأȻЩƤǿҲǸϱģ޸ĸ뵽ЩĶԼֱǰһúãЩεĿԼŮ
ôͳںˣӳƬ̣֣ôܻϲ磬˵ˣ粻ںҼҶСϹʲô
һţǳ˰ԧ죿οڲ⣬ô£
ûһƲ飬㲻̫⡣绹ûأֲûһ£˵ֵǰҶҲͦ䣬Ը⡭
ӳ°Ҳôף
ϴŲɫƬȻ½ӳƲˣ
ӳᣬƶܺҳã˻ôܺһšϿŮʵˣż˵ܼ޸˭ȫƾı£Ҳ͡
Ǹ֮ŮĿˡ
ӳ¾ٴȥˣȴֿˣüۼϲɫ㰢ҪˣԼĪǸԺԺѧʿպżң͸еˡ
ӳһ£ǰƺû°ȥֻ꣬ǸƷʷôһͻȻ˴ӶƷ
ϲɫӳҲûʣ˵˼ƤǻԼԺӡ
ϿŮıӰԶЦݣ˴ȥǲСѾè
ȥ
ӳ½Ų鸡ĻصԼԺӲ˿һյ裬ַһҽϸϸ
ת۱㵽˵ˮɱĶգݱصӣ˵䡣
ӳ·ġũݾһ۴ѩЦǺͷѩ׷ꡣ
С㻹ڿҽ鰡ϸ۾ˣǳȥѩɡݱװַ̿ϣЩԼС㣬Դմӹ˸һ㣬ŲŲģһ޵Ĺ
ǷҲûΪСݱ벻ͨԲˣӳ»ԥûٶ˵ԼСӡ
ӳȥˣһ뿪ŵů󣬱˸ϵĶ񣬱¯첽ݱȥ÷
ɪֻ÷һЩ÷Һ÷Ҳкܶɫ׵ĺķ۵Ķһ𣬵ҲÿĽӳȥʱΪѣ˵ȴ°Ȼһ·һ·¯Ӹݱף˼֦Ȥ÷׼ůЩϲ
ݱױů¯Žӳͨ˫֣ЩڰˣҿɫƺҪѩˡ±㵱ϣͷϵĽӳȰů
ů⣬ݱһ߸ӳѩһ۵ıԹСǵģͻ͸ûˣƲҪѩ˺ǿеˡ
ӳ²Ը߶ѶתůԸѩҼÿĳƿ
ѩȴվûЩнĵͷӳ²ʵôˣʲôί˵̲סӣѩࣺȼʲô㣬Ȼôţ
ů÷ƮŵѩӳģӳԺͻĸֳбϣ弫֪ʫ
ѩ಻֨鰸ϳ򡣽ӳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ鰸ϳǱũݱȻСɵĳƿŵذࡢˮ÷ţ÷Ʒ֡
ˮɫĶסζţƢζǱˮ
ӳ°ЩƷЩƲۣòŵ͵ģ
ѩæ˵Сɲֱˣ빫ǹˡ
ӳգ߹ش飬˵Ըѹ֮λӣʵȻȻӦʣ±˶ӵĳƺΪԪգʥּ㵽Ź
ӳĬĬ飬ȷٳˣſһ飺Ź͵ģ
ѩΪĵͷҲյģǶγҪС͹үսôãаˣʱúͺˡ
ݱŵ߽鰸ϰŵ÷Žӳûʲô˼һתѩ࣬ôʲô⻨ûС۵ĺÿأóȥˡ
ݱƱҪǰƿӳæ˵šݱͷһϲɫתʵС㻹ʲôԸ
ƿ£ȫˡӳ²˼
ݱ״ͷɥġޡһС֦÷ɲҴ⣬պС͹үͺã⻨Ҳиط˵ȥ
֦ˮСϲģøСһЩĴӻƿгˮȴһͬһСֽ
ݱãĿһѩ࣬жæİСֽ˹ȥС㣬˵Ѹó÷һԵķ鰸ϣѩһţ͵͵һ죬һЦ϶ǹүţ                        
лҪ˵бϣ弫֪
÷޵

˳ҵġϣϴˣ
С֪˻Ǹäô죿硣
Ļϼʧȥôһλ߳Ĺ͢Ůʦʧء
תһ룬ä϶ûס
ǣʧһʱմҡڵĳڻʵǰīһǳɡ
ʵ°ͣŮˣƺǼġ
պǺЦϣϴˣ
ûϻûɱģһᣬӣ
ӣӵȥ˳һѼ
ıۣꡱһȴûɣ
գᷢΪޣɡ

ʳָϡ
1.˫c
2.ֻŮä
3.ˮƽ
4.ͨ͸Ĺ͢ŮʦvsäܻõĻ
΢ա
߶߶һ䣬ϣСɰԸ֣ҡҾͷȻ֪Ƕϡ΢

ʮ 

ӳ²ԵĿСֽ, Щֽϻ÷ˣԽɫԽء
˼ץ, ү˵ʲô, ѵ͵, Сģ
ӳ¶űֽƬ˺ôһſ, ֽɢŵȻĿʼ廨, ս, ܿü֮Ʋסļ
ڴѩмߵĶγʹļףүԴ˹үĥ˵ķԽֵ, һүüֻ, ȻƿӣǺ˵˼Ļ, ǻĸѵʱ, ô
ѩеӰһ߼֣һߵԽ
ŹŴվ, ι°Щ׽ϸ, ȴһֻèƽᡣӼʵ𣿡
γæԼĲȥȭСû, ѩˡ
ӵͷһԲĻص
γ֣ոյļߺۣܿ˼Ѱʳʣֵǣƺæµ˻ƳϣȵŻظټĹǸһŮڵġ
˵ӺͽС㲻Ϊһ̺ôò˵𣿸ĻȥСͶܿѵľһˣ
γ߶Ľӳȴܺãڹϣӿҽ飬¶оʳƣгЧСӵʱʹ˲٣ɵЩ⣬ҽ
쳤źһܿƳƿеĺ÷ӳ³ԲȥˣֽµĻЩüĿպһ𡣡ضǰйĵʱ򣬽ӳ·Щ²鵽ȴȻҪظǰһУʹĥҲϲ󱧺
ǡӡɣǰȴҴ֮ԼҪҪȥŴĶëѩӳЦЦͽүɣѩͣˣȥ
һ׮£ӳ¼ѵİĿƵϣտۣ롱ֱӣͻȻһ£֮󣬲ʮ
ʶˣֻϧÿһߣꡭòȥˣӳתŴ⣬ɫշ硣
ûСױһߡҲûС˿СֻС´ƼǶ£Хεۣӳñǿסû̧ͷŶγҴҽ˹
һ·ӵԺӣγɫҴҵ뿪ˣ׷һӳɻؿԶŻعͷ䲻ķվǰ
ӳŵһ飬æվû˹أӯӯһݣү
ӺøߣδѣָһأһЩ϶ûкúóԷ°ƺһЩɬĺ磬һ˿Ѫ֪ǲǹκӵʱСĲƤ
ӳһǿһۣôðô뷨ȴû̧ͷάŸƣЩѰĻλϥǡ
żЩɬĿڣҪ𣿡
ӳ¼˵ֱȴȻͷЦڹүòˡ
ûתλϣ׵ü˳۵Ľӳ£ûһꡣһлᰶѣͰлᰴ򷢵ƫԶߣûⱲӶܻҲͽӳдǽռôô衣
ӽ뿪ڣһаѽŵɢ˴룬ӳºسԴȥһֻèŽĲӣͦص˽ö֮ϥϣѰһƣ˫Ưɫ۾
ӳЩĽĿӣʱϲСèСϧëȻֻˡǰ˵һֻèû뵽ȻˣɵЩۣȥӲˣָ£ˡ
ӿӳµĺ棬˼һèݹȥϣ
èɫ۾ؿİˣһֻǰצȥӳ¾ϲצӣ̧ͷӣʲô֡
δȡϲˡĿƵĶ
¶δˣʮ꣬ѾΪտĵزǼˣǸ죿
ӳ񴥵һ֣˲ˣҲè˵ȴЩĶֻèĺƯè˵ĳƺţҲ֮˰ɡϡèԴӳ¸µУ̫ˣèһȤ顣
ĬĬͰèˣһ˵ȥ档ӳ̧ͷȴ⻰Ƕ˵ġèԣ鲻ԸġһʱһŽĲ뿪ˡ
ӳ¿һۣûиҪҪΪһֻèʧ˷ִ硣ǡСİèЩᡣ
࣬Լ˱裬˹Žӳ²Ľ飬òſ˵ЩһֱڲЩüĿ֪
ӳ¾һ𣬿ʵ鵽ʲô
֪һֻ
ӳɫһףһΪҳĸױϲֻŪΪǻĿҷĸһֱϼ꣬ϧҲܵõˣҸֻ꣬չȣ仨ļޣĸ񱦱һţնҪȥۡ
ѵǰĲ򣬾ȻΪһССĻӳ¾Щƣҵģͷ
ӽ˵ֻ޶ֻˣŵöˣŲֻ꣬ܵûԥ˵˳ǲģһڲ飬Ͼֲ֢֮٣ҲҶԡ
ӳɫһףȵĿЩô鵽ģ
ĦŲյĻƣĵ˵ű˺˼ξƶѣƳЩ޴ŵ˫֣˶ֵۣ
ӳ㶵ĵͷЩ鱾ȥԴĻظӾӦ÷ģû뵽ȥˣһôüĿ
ӳһʹoĺܺúܺãεº£˼òʵܰЩʲô
üһĿòЦˣߵЦһֱӳŹƻýӳ̲סУ޸ҡ
ӳ¾ԼЩվȣȴӱܣƫͷҡһֱ㵱ǰ֣
ЦˣվߵǰߴӰüǰǸҹҲѹ˵Ǿ䡰ˡʲôڵӳսεİ֣ЩµĿ
Ҳҿҵ۾˵һ䣬㲻ϲӣӸȵĺϣȴС
ӳſڣһ˲ЩǱתͷ
ϲӣʮ֪ˣֻǵʱˣȥԴӳлһ£ĶʻҪȼմװƽ£Ϊαװĺܺãȴ˲̡
̧֣°ͣԵЩ˵ӳȲѺӣȴţӿȥСģ϶Ϊһǧ
лҪ˵һ¶ǰĲϵ˶
ǲұҾ͸ģ

ʮ 鶯

ӵõЦ, Ϊ飬ת˻⣺¶ɸ׼ˣ
һ˫㶵ˣһɶ, Ȼ֪ӽ, ǿֶ
һ̾, ס۾Ҫңһ̲סӳգգ, ӵı㴫һУҲֻè, ӵð
ֻ°͵, ˲Ĵ꣬һ롣ĶѸ٣˵Ļȴܾ¶۾ÿ, û뵽۾, ҷһĵط
ӳ½ŵ, ЩΣ, ȴ룬۾ţȴ, ܸܵӿʱĦ͵͵ЦЩ˫ץץסȹӵһ, Ĺһ㣬š
˳һЩϸСëҲɼӰ۾ÿ, ЩϷʵЦ¶ôȲϧˣ㻹̫С
ӳһ㶣۾ӦһͷԭץĲԼѣæſΪ˵ĻЩ죺ҡѾˡ
־˵ڣͷԼָոקѵʱָ̫΢΢ס
Ӻ¶˶ǿ̧ͷ¶֪Ҳֽз
ӳƴҡͷ֪
ӶĶĴ꣺ҼǵһΪ鴽ԣﺬһӣȡΪ鴽¶Ǻ鴽Ư˵ĸᣬӳ»һ󣬾Լˡ
¶ﶼãﶼϲô졣Сİϣᶯ˶ӳ½ŵĿԤеʲô̲סʿˮ
ɫһȥģСѣÿЦҶ֪ǲǺЦʱһ𡣡
˵۾ӡһǣܵŨܵĽëӲ˿۾ÿģǿҵʱ򡣡
̲ס㡣סû˵仰ŵ
Ĵ꣬Щ᲻ãһĵطǰȴ᲻ò븹¶𣿡
ӳµɴ۾Ȼ侲ٷӼȥˡǷͼסļ򣬰Ȧڻ
ӳʱӸǺ«Ǻ«ڳ
ʱЩ̲סУģǽɽ¶ЩӲЩᣬĵۡһǺ«˳ļɣɽ髸⣬Щһ˿㡣ӳЩѬѬȻԼǺ«ˣ㹴ӵĲӣ۾ʼӦ
ӱѵˮһǣζ̫ã̲סһԼƲסƵ뿪ֻСèȴ˹Щ׾˱ĵ
ӷͳЦ뿪Ĵôô㡣˵̧֣ԼĲӣĥ
Ƭ̣ӿ뿪̲סϢ󾱣ӳ¾Щۣȴû֨ǡ
˿ǳĺۣ۽ƺҲˣ¶ϣӡǡĿһķ٣ǧ˿к£סϸ׵Ĳӣְߵ鷢ڶЩǵһĶ䡣
ӳµĶúһ죬Ҫȥӷſ֣ܾһӻףҿ˿û˲ųһ
һŰĿɿĿһֵۣͷ۸һҲȷʵ۸ˣ뵽˴Щ鲻Խ˳ʱ޹
ӳ͵̧ͷ֣Ҳˣ
šüûһ˿ո繵ģȻһ䣬ӳмܲס㶵Ŀ
ҧҧ֮仹µܰ㣺Ҿܣţ˵վѿܳĽӳ׽Ҹ£ˮһڼ£Ű£Źƻ󣺡¶ǲˮˣ㡣
ӳ»ûü˵һ֣ͱ㱻סˣһȫȻû˸ոյС⣬ӳ¡ءĽţȴɿڣֻ촽ҧͨŷſְϣ΢̵գҾȥףЩ޹òã
ȻǻﻰѾ˾ӳЩŤ뿪Ļ
ף˰β˵ǰҼ޹ˣˣҲϲңֻһСӶһã֮⣬Ĳüʲôá
ûⷬжྪףĵĬĬȽһţû£ԺûţˣһˣϲСӣЩѰ죬ȥĶһһ⡭
ӳûѾˣ԰ͦõģڵģá
ӻعûסƭؼңƺҪ㹦򣺡µǼ֮ŶԲԣӿڣһһȦס
ӳæͷôϲ϶ҲһغɣԲãҲǲԣǰһãǾٺòˡ
ӰҧСûĵģþ͵ôߣǿס븹ŭװ˼һƽ͵˵ȶף׵㶨Σ
ӳµͷ˰ΣƺȽΪûҪãߵĽҲҪ˷飬ȶ׵ĽڣοֻҪ׵ɿڣӾͲȢ
ӼЩĶٽպҰҵҩٳףòã
òãȻãӳ¿ӣְӵǸһ֣ƼװͰ͵ģ⡱һ£ɫʵ㲻Ը⣿
ӳҡҡͷ֣µûг֮ǰ㲻ҡ
ЦʲôֵǵҲֻи̣ȴڴӦǸɵֵСﱯϲӡ
̫ƭˣƭöӾܰȢؼҡҺȿˣֵ磬ȻˣƩҳڣһСľͱƭ˷ġ
ҺҲֻסȥĳ嶯ȶףһж䶨Ҳ٣ٵȼգ¶һ˵ˡ
˵һͣˣ̫Ҳˣӳ±׼ظ
Ѱè͸ȴҪѾһֻıˣһèһһ϶ôԽӳʱèһ۶ûӡ
ЦſϰèӸγҲγԼӹĲҪΪЩĿɿڴ׷ʱǲ
ӳ¿ͻȻһֲõԤУЦҪȥˣ㲻ˡ
ǰջ֣һһҲģȥ˵ÿǰӣԸ

ʮ 

ӳųת, ԼСͼӿһѰ̹ʲôֲ, ߵ, ¶, ұһջظ, ǻ֪ʲôʱء
ӳĻҲЩ, ԥһ, §סһ漴ϲȴҲֻͷӡһ, ҲûбĶˡ
, Ƕִ˴Щʲô, ûʲô, ɺ¶ֻǱżķҺͶͷƬ̵
ܿ㵽˽, һ£ĿƵĿ¶סӳºͷ, ĿҲԶˡ
ص˽ӳһ·ͷԼԺ, ±ѾӿݱιʳԶԶĿֻЦ˵˾䡰СЩȥιˡѩƺС˵Ӱ
ӳ˿ҴůţվӣƣƺһЩҲЩ죬֮ûʲôģڴűӣֻ¶һ˫Ц۾
ãбõ𣿽ӳµ͵͵ЦһʶЩɬ˯ˡ
ȴûôˣһˣͻʵۻ㱨һ¾ʿѵͱ߽춯ͣĽ˾һɽ
ӷȥϵѩƿƾɵľţ֨һڼžѩҹⳳ֣һֻҰ㣬һ߰һԶ
ûϵҰ㣬һŰĿſһλˣں˯ľЩѬˣ̲סڱߣҲһһģԵЩݣϵǴãʾҰɫ
˭Ҳ벻סŵĿЩˣȵʱ̫ҽԺԺ̫ҽȵڶ࣬Ժݶ̫ҽԸӣ߶ߣ׼ɽȴ
̫̾ҽԺУûкʵȨ֮ˣҳһ࣬Իʵ۲Ŷɽ˼ϵɲʮλǷƽ˾ʱ̫ҽƹ̫ҽԺٺʲ
ӴӦɽһҪԵʣǰｭӳҩ̫ҽɽЩ˼δδŵĲ֢ƽ֮űһ˿ϣʱȾơ
̽Ž̫ҽȴ޶̾Ѵĳһ̳ߣ磬̫ҽܿˣϺõŮǺЦû۾ͱŲ֣˶ٹŵ̳ƣ
ߣĸĶѣ˵Ǵҳٿ⣬û뵽Ǳһ
̫ҽսᣬЩ᲻õķϾ̳Ȼİ֮ҾͲöˡ۾ȴһ̳ʲôҳ
ǻҴϵİҲЩͷˡӴ̳ӣֵݸ
̫ҽοĿƷһڲ˵ӿɽ̣ӿɽ̣Щİ̳ӵݸӣҲ
ӽӹ̳ûһ˿ԥһڣˮ˳°ͻǻԵЩ
̫ҽǰѿݲһĺ룬ЦеĶȾͲҪȣ˷ҵľơ
Ŀһۣǰɶģ껹ߣտˡ˦˦ͷŬѼ֣ϣǰ֮£㿼ǵΣ
̫ҽͷһھƣƷòƵĿڣ˵˵ǸСʲôţ
ü֮ûһ˿ͣϸϸĽһ飬
̫ҽߺȱҲ֪˶٣ò˵ȥһɫ⻨ϡУҲ֪ûԵҵˣȥ̫ҽԺҰɡһڣһ˵šþơһߵ˯ˡ
վ̫ҽϵ£ϱӣſ첽ɽصд˷Ÿӳ£öγ͹ȥźڴ˯˹ȥ
ӳ¸ţյӵųһЩ棬ѾϷʵĿ⣬ܽң污һֽ
һĻ
ôúļӳ´ԭأá
Ƭ̣ӳˣӳǿ׮£ӭ˽
㣬ܲѩݱȳȥӳһű֣һ⣬ȴЩɬ˵
ӳüΪĻΪմȾ±ڣºůûпЩƣӳһЩܣǿЦƶǳȥ˵պʳ
ӳЦŵͷȳŵˡӳɿ϶ͳȥˣԸѩ࿪ɢɢ
ѩţ֨֨ûжϹڼžĺҹۡ
㣬áҳôӳɬڣš
ӳü־Ȼ˼Ƭ˵ƶģϲԲ㣬ֻҪҪȢ㻹㡣
ӳɿȴˣѾ˵ˣҷļ޹ȥ͵ȰЩˡ
ӳοЦýƸޱãֻ粻ˡģҶǸģҾҲϲ㣬޹ȥţһ˳졣ӳ°ǰ˵Ļָ˵һ飬Щ
ֻǲ֪ҼҵĵҷˣԴƶ᲻ԴһӦòᣬӳºܿˣƶҸ˳ùֲڸֻһŮݡպƶޣ˰ƶڰ£ҲǿԵģ԰ŮͷޣԺӻùһЩ
㣬˵ͷͷǵ޹һӳƽͷ߽µѩȴòӳ¿ڡ̧ͷüƺЩӳæ˵㣬ǲˣͻȥ
ӳҡҡͷƶѾº˵ˣҲ˵˵˷ҲԵǽ׽ֻѾ޹һˣ޵Ļƶδķ˵ЩǲЩ٣
ǲһģӳ¿һۣǰûɬҲûΣֻиĸ֮ý֮ԣһһá
ܹǲһģӳºһǰһУǵôʲôҪڣӣһˣúõģꡣ
ƶҲл˵ӳϵһ£Ц䡣
֪ģ㲻˵ˣӳסЦŹǲҪˣ
ӳ´һô֪
ӳü֮дŵ֮ɫҿģǰջǧȥһ˹磽Ľˣ϶ǹүˡ˵ְٵĳ̾һ޵ǳһƷĹүü޵ȴһССү֮ӣ֮𰡡
ӳЦˣѸײڶ֮ץһѩͿʼûûС㻹˵˵ˣŵýӳģҴˣҲˣ
ѩϹؾصнӡʼĻЦﴫԶ

ʮ 

, ӳʱˬպƶһӣɢĹͷͨˣ˸, ӳ˴, Ըѩݱװˮ̧, ոԡˡ
ˮ׼ˣС˰ԡͰˮ̧, СѾ, ع, СѾ߶ţ˿
ůƣӳ², ݱװĳ, ϵĺӡһ, æ˸, ҧݱױˮƵ룬Ƕ죬ӣ
οСסĵطûй, ϳǵèץ˺ۣҲû˰ˣǵ˺, ʧˣ˭ҲС㲱̡
ݱףʲôӳºĿݱ׽ƺЩĲɡ
, С㣬룬ǲгӣҪҪ÷˹ݱæӦ
ӣӳüҿǶ죬ĳӣ
˰ɣС㲱Ӻ棬һۣݱװɻ˳ҺǶ죬ס
ӳƬ̣ȻƺϣЩϸ΢ۣܿˣûзϣû뵽ӳºӳȥû£ձˣø
ݱ㶵ĵͷС㶼⣬Ҳûʲô󰭡űӣӳĨСƤãݱÿθԡᱻһ۵ˮСʮ꣬ôܳñأ
أȣ곤Сһ꣬ôûúãѩ࣬ݱַģģС츳žЩЦСĵֱۣһĽպС޵Ĺү϶᲻˰ɡ
ӳ̾һʼԡͰƯŵ÷÷ҲմȾһЩ÷ˣõǹζģȻ㣬̫ŨЩ÷ˬȥһЩ÷ˣӳ¿ԡͰ÷
ԡ֮󣬽ӳůƬ̲ųȥѾȥԺˣƶܣֻʣڸ㰢ˣ˳ٰ˵˵ûһã
˳ȥˣ΢Ӽ򻨣ӳǰȥҲһѼʼʣµ򻨣ĸŮһЦڴ˵Ļ
ŮɵʪͨӳϣͻȻֻèɵЩǸè𣿡
ϵֶһ£ЦϲȻֻǱӳ¶ЩЦôֻèˣ
ӳ¾ȵ̧ͷȴɵõһһͷһ˵ô֪һֻè
ͷſã˵Ϊʲôܣ㳤ˣҵöһЩ
ӳԣЩڰȥŹҲ֪
ƽ͵ĵͷӳ˿ôƽֻû쵽ȥȻ֪ԼŮѾ˽Ҫ
ӳæֺһЦԺʲôȺͰ˵ͬȥ
ȴûӦԼ⣬ȥǣڰűáӳ¾û˵ϻͷ̫ӳºۣ˯ˡ
ʱѾóˣӳ۾Ѿӣ磬ӳʳָ󶯣ȴѾߣӳķ¿ӣѾԶЩԡ
¶ǲǻమĽϿżɽˮ
ӳ¾վȻûдŰû뵽ô֪ˣѵΪӺϵĺۣӳǿסҪӵ֣Ӳĵͷ
̾˯ʱң˵ʮպǸӣס
ӳ¡һ׻˵ãЦãôôﲻסʲô˵˳Һðûϵĺۣӳµ룬ȻӾͱ߳ˡ
ӳĿһۣæü˳۵վһԣ׼˵̡ȴ˿ӣԷɡ
ӳ㶵£ЩӦʲôʾͷŹˣӵ˵ʲôһϣֲʣֻèӣȴֻӣ´μӡ
ϳŶﲻˣȴζͬǧû뵽ǱӶˣһֱΪӰ¶öԴģ治֪αװ̫ãԼ˵۹ƫ
ԭպ¶˵޸ı磬ҲиӦպҲܿࡣ·ɱӣλ˵ƷòԼãôǻδұۣô붼Կ£ӵĵ磬Զڱ߽ټŹ¶Ҫ۲
ϲȥҴţŮȥˡӳҲҶС˯һѣ˯ô¶°һԸ⣬޸ˡ
޸ӵģҲǶ仨ôأӳ鰸ǰſҪ˥֦ܵ÷պŨīֻ̧Ƕɫôô죬ļأ
ѽȥĵطһ飬ƺİɽϣǶûսȥĻɲǺһģһӳ¼ز֪Ǻã񣬲Ÿд˷ţŻĻҲһͬ˹ȥ
Ų㣬ȥò
ֻǹգӻûлţӳµȵЩĽȥŹû뵽պþҪȥסա
ӳ±ˣѩݱȥˣﶼðģĸÿ궼һЩѶĴ꣬ʡˡ
˵ҲûھסˣɵЩĸԺӣĸܿˣ§˵ӳϰߺĸƴڻһ飬Ҳڡ
ùţӳ²֪Ժż٣ʱñˣһظ˹ܱ߽š硱ӳҿڣ
ü״Ҳͷ֣һ˵СסظˣôһӳҲЩƣҲû⣬ڿ϶ʲô鵢ˣȰοü䣬һ⡣
һ㹤ڲ٣һ㱻Ǻһ£뿪ڣȻԱ߻нӳ£ŴȥС˵磬ôصػѣ
ڿһۣû뽭ӳĵطĿƵĿûʲôȱġ
һ˲Ӭı飬һ¶߲ԼѾԼбҪһ£ɤӣ˶˵ղˣ¶˯ɣٺ㡣
ӳ¿ɫЩˣҪͿ͡ĿһۣŸ뿪
ӳ¿ֵԶܾƺֵֹģĿܲ𣿽ӳ¿īҹɫЩ㱡

̸

, ϷóŮԵģҰݫ񣬱, ʡ
һɫζȫʳ, ʱڼ亱ĹϹ, ⶬղ֪ķ˶ӣϷȴ۾Ҳգһ¡
ӳ³ԵĽζ, ϷҲ˰뷹й, ʲôȤ
ӳ¿ƴ, ȴЩ֣ܾһĿϡÿ׼ʱĹ۲죬ǵ뿪
ȴȻĸв, ƺûʲô
𣿽ӳѹĵ׵ɻ, ȴڵ, 㰵п
ֻ˼鼦, ˰࣬˹꣬רĸӳ¼вˡ
ӳЦЦ, ȴԱŲŲ磬ҹ, ùҡ
ڵһ£ȻķԼȴûгԡ
λϵϷĵ̾Ϣһ¶ϲ, Ǳ㲻ǿˣǰڴĿͶá
òĸĿ⣬æ֮пһۣͶҰͰݫ
̫óˣԺķͼûȣţ޲ðϵĲȫԹ⣬ԼԲĶӣźĿһϻʣ´ļ⡣
ϷĬĬĿƻĻûأȴûЩɸ֣ӣôô
˸˼ţӳĸĸ˵˰ʱĻ㱻˷Ժӡ
ȻǶգˮһ㱡ıǺﻹ㣬俪׽ԣζһ
ӳ¿ڱ˾룬ܾЩ֣һֱԣżĿഥܿڹ򶨵ƿߡ
ЩںˣطҪˡ
ģ׽Ѷů￴ҽ廨ڡ
ѽһһԴЩż㿴¶ܣȥȥͻء
ӳĵקסȴֻüһ۽ǣһ̶ˡ
ڵϻѩôҲˤ
ӳ¸仰Զ㴫ˡϡһˤ˸ƨɶգȫѩЩǱĳǸЦƨԶˡ
ӳûס͡һЦ־ԼЦЩʱˣһЦڣڨڨı졣
ҲƿߣЩĮĵͷŸȼĻ𣬻ϱĪ⣬Щ׽
ӳŲŲı糤Ǹððʧʧӣʲô˼һ۾ܿȴ׽͸˼
ֻϲ̫ԣһֻڱصõ
Լױ磬ӳһ²һ¡
¶֪Ҫ𣿡ȴ͵Ļᣬڡ
Ȼ֪СҾʶǸõӣӦûϲӳ¼ڣֳƵѹָʧˣҲ˵ĺ̸
Ҳҡҡͷ˫Ư۾޸Ը⡭
ӳҲĴЩ̵磬ԶǱ磬Ҵû˼
ЦЦԤϵˣͷ꣬ɬڣ¶һֱǵּ䡣
Ƽӳ²Ŀ⣬Ľ͵ֲ𿪣¡ͬԭţͬ⣬Ȣţոպá
ӳ³Ĭһ˲ЩЦ磬֤ʲôأ
ǰ֤ʲôأԳһЦ㷭˸棬һжֻڳ˵Ρ
¶֪ʲôʱʼϲ𣿡ڻǿˣĿżеΡ
ӳҡҡͷ磬Ҳ֪аĽˣ㡣
ӶԲԣûõӳµķϣս֦ȴƽҲ˼֣Ҿ֪ĵˡ
ڲЦ¶ֹ̣йŮ㲻·Щʲô
ӳµ˼ģ˵֪ҺܺúܺãҲ¡
һ仰ӳû˵úܿͻˡ붯ֵĻóȥʱ㿪ʼˣĻȵڡ
һ£ĿǽǣãҲ
ӳûһЦûӻ֡
ˣҸζӰ۵ùǺòͷϲڵĺ飬ѵζӷѩϣŷ֮Щ졣
ߵڣֿұߵĽӳ£ЩɻʣҲڵʱǳˣ
ӳæҡͷڵı磬һЩȻ۰ɣҵˡ
ϣóӣȴһѱڶ˹Цᣬ¶㡣
ӳ¸Цлл硣
һضڶ˵磬ǲǺ¶˵ˣ
û˵ȴƳһ۽ӳ£ǻᡣ
ı绹ڣӳ²򴽣ͷرĿ⣬ɫζȫĿȴԲȥ
Ĵյ¶ϲ𣿡
ӳƳһۣܺһ˵ĻȴûκԥϲЩС㹻ˡ
ڵͣһ˲Űѹӷ¡
¶治һй˵Щģóһ˳ùİٺ֣˵
ӳ¿ֵһһͣЩƣ˵˾䡰ˡת¾ӡ
ĬĬĿıӰЩˡ
罭ӳ¿¾ӣ˭ûֱڶֵȥԺ˿ȥĸԺ˵
¶ϷһСɾµϻӣЦų֣ɣҸ׼ʲôö
ӳЦӭȥӹϻ򿪣ϻһƽƽģһߺ֣һ߿һԢ⸣콵Ǽõͷ
Щͷˣӳӣӣ¶һذƵС۱Ȼһ£ĸ͸¶ģƺЩ󡣡
Ϸ󣬡󲻴ĸ첲̫ϸˣӣһ۾ͶˣǳԵ̫١
۵ŮݵСǵüǰŮʱϻֺģô˼꣬ôأ
ӳЦЦƤӦ𣺡ĸҵʱҪݵģȻôأĸʱ򣬿϶ҲԼÿɣ
Ϸ˵ıǼ⣬װǸ龫°²ˡ
һĹϷֿ˼ϻӣ涼ѵõıϷ˰ϵȫûһԥ
Ҿ¶ƯƯģԺܼ޸˼ңϷŽӳڹ£¶ӣĸƣ
ӳȻʧЦĸĸŮʵĻһģһƼĸЩȴװƵģӳ²ӣͷ
Ϸ۾ͻȻǲǼСӣ㿴ĸվȢţ
ӳЦŴԼĸǶǡ
Ϸ򴽣Щ˵ǲӣǰ󳤹ǸͷҾ;òԾû뵽׼ˣҲû˷Ǹѹ׵ͷ档
ӳɬһЦ󳤹ȷʵ񣬲ҲϲԼģȻҲôصͷ
ͷ棬ȴֵ˲գǵòʧ



Ϸ˼Ů˵, Щڴ˵¶ǲ˵˲Ǽף֣ģûһ
ӳæҡͷĲԭ򣺡ֻ統׸Դ, ĸԺ˵⻰ˡ
Ϸ̾, ǰ˵ж︣, û뵽ô꣬ĵʱ, ȴЩڣڵûдɺ¶, Ȼ¶޹, ϶ڡ
Ҳܰ¶Լң׻˵ˮԼŮô, ôü޸ˣ
޸ȷʵ, ֻǿϧ, ŹССﶼҪٳ, Ҳû֡뵽˴ϷЩ۵Ůͷ̾ˣ޸Ǻӣ㲻ڣ
ӳ²Ķ˶, ЩΪ飺ֻûһƲأĸô˵ĺվҪˣ
ļˣ¶ʮ, ô˵Ҳʮꡣ̫̫Ҳ뿪ˣһ£æʵ㰢ûн֮, Ҳõˡ
ӳͷϷȴģȻᣬǻ˵ձȥɣѧһգԺܵĿҲһգպҪֻ̣èĹǳŲӻ
ӳЩ죬ĸҲ̫ļˣȴҲ֪ԼѧղίʵЩˣ±Ӧĸջȥ
գӳװ˽ӻûţҲ֪ȥӳЩд˷Ÿ
ȷʵæЩȥ˼¶ûҵӳ˵ԼҴȥһ˲ǻһ
յӳµţӾ֮󣬺¶һͬȥٲ̽һ
ӳյţ޹ģӣӱҪˣЩšٽ죬ԲҲ˯ãЩüۼȫɬž˻ϲ
³̿ϴ˻ѣ˳У˺ϻ鶨ף½ˡ
ӻЩźûѡһ½˵ӣȽڣնףձܴ¶Ͻ֣Ҳһ׮¡
Ӹȥɡ˵³ѵõɵЦɱʱ
˵³ýˣСĸƽִ󳤹׽æҲֵðû£ܶС߶߶ֶܼϵĹһãֶΪأ
ĸ롣ӵͷǿѹĵļ˺һóߡ
ӱó˵³Ϊ˱ĸģԶףĸãΪ׽ӱ˹ĸҲΪĿ̾صĳˡ
лݣҲ֮ʹ˵Ҳɲɡ
ĳ֮ӑoޣָ̡֮ܽĳҴǡ
߳ɲӳһ˵³Ѵֽϣ΢΢ЦӸø
Ҳ䣬˲뿪ҿûмӳ£ҲҳߣЦˣ֮ǰһľϻӵݸϣת¶
ûʲôù˼ɵģԪ嵹Щԥɲʱ˽ܣƺЩϣЦظҲûͣȥӴԼϲ̵ȥŮԺӡ
ӳŴϴЦϿ⸱겻ģڴһЦ¶δĶ
ӳ»һæֽӹȴûŴ򿪣ߴӵĽ˽ָϿŮģЩ̿İ¶ûΪ
ǶˣӳĴʯͷ˵ء
˵ִľϻӣ۱£ӹȻ¶⣬Ů޸ӣҲģȥǰԺɷӴĶ̫࣬ⷿŲˡ
ӳ¿뿪пľϻӣ飬΢΢ҷɫɢӨĹУӳ°֣һſ˿鴮ãԶã㿴һţȾݵ˱ǡ
Ƚڣƽߡӳ°ŷؿڣЩԻ󣬽ɲʣձΣǲ̫ߵЩ룬ӳ»ȥԼˡ
ȽֳΪŮڣʫơ£ˮ߶ˡȽҲδŮ֮գջɾԵӳ¿ԼĶɫƽʯȹֹסЦ⣬Ҫһͬء
ƽӳƼһϤӰ۽㣡ôۣƵĶһ£ЩȻ
˺ҿƼǽӳ£Ī˿ҵأȥɡ
ӳºոնףô˶֪ˣֲýڽϣǿѹ͵Ҳû£ȹߣСʵڵ˭أ
ֵˣ֧֧ҡҡ۶ţЩƹˤˣڵţ
ţӳһ£ǰ۵ķ֪ı磬ӳ·ʲôʱ򿴶ˣһԵۻੲݣҺ֪˵ҲԸٺˣҲţҽΧһ٣Ҿ͡
ɫ糺죬ӳ²֪˵Щʲôô֪۾Ȼô׷Ĵңƺȷʵתһ룬ҶЩϾ֪֮٣ոպӴһҲʡִ⣬±˵ˣȻȻӦʣԼһͬȥ
˵˻ʾŤͷĵԶˡӳԤϵʲôת㿴ӱ˫бϣע⵽Ŀ⣬
ӳЩĻţԾ˺պһ˿ǣȥ˳Ĭһǰһţ˲ٹӹŮĿ⡣
ȻûЩȻĺЦŹߵ̵Ľӳ£Ȼǣ֣ӳսһЩӳ¿һۣŹԹԵĸȥһһ
֪Ϊã±˵Źӷŵ̬Ȼת˷˵Ӷ֡
Ŀ֮£˵ۿ϶¶ǡȻ˻ڰߵը˹ٴ󵨣ҲҴ֮ͥǣ֣Źǡη
ֻӳû뵽ǣһٶǴٳ˲ԵŹôˣȻ䣬ϲĹǱǰƭˣǵòʧǷ׷ԼϲĹκ̤
˰һСֻڼװվţûнȥȻٲñϴӳµ֣ɽɫ
ȥ㣬һͬȥ¡Щſڵ
ӳµͷ׵ŮǸһͬȥģܳѾŮǸݣ飬ʡպİһദ
ǰûȥģһΪȥΪڼѧٳּûʱ䣬ҳĵһμڳ
ӳºһպҳ÷ˣ뻹ȤɵùһЦߵľʢ˼Щˡ鲻Խȥٵһ£Щȡ
ӳһۣ΢΢죬εģıӣһĿ˷羰
һʱṆ̀ӳɫ׼ȥóһ֧˿ӣѰ˸ʵλϣӳЩ˼ǸҲ͸һУ⣬ӳĬĬ׼һңô꣬Ů϶Ҳˡ
ӿЦЩƻСͷ֪ͱԼԻȥˡ
лҪ˵Ϊ˶ף³һӣ

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ӳϰĵһ, ſ٣糺죬ӳ¿ϡ߽˲Σ, һ, װû, Ըݳ, ſʼʣô
ô, Ȼ곤Ҽ, أպҿ϶ڡ˵룬Ųһ, ˺һ, ľԴ, ž޲
֮, ھְˣǸƷ٣ǳȴƫ, ֹҲûçײ˵ҲҲûͨĴҰ, Ͷ㶼ҹĽúõģôˣӳŬɢԺӣֱ˵ʲôʱף
ѵõãһҲ֪, Ҷ綼ûأ϶ֲңҪ꣬ʱҶϹˡ
ӳ¿ο䣬˵ǸʵҺģ϶ȵ˵ţӳ˼빬Ѿˣ֪ô
ƺͦܳģƲƲ죬ҵûƻ˻һסӳæס죬ѹ˵ʲôأɣˣ
֪ʧԣЩյͷЩѣ֡˳Ĭһ˼ʵӳôû棿ǺҼҴɡ
ӳ¿һۣɻʵôʲô֪
ΪҶ磬մϱǼҹģҵɵĵطˣ۲Ĳν
ӳµͷǼҵļ£Ҳ˵ʲô˵һԴսС˵ҶԶԶĶ㿪ǧ
ӳǰУɫеЩǣԲžһ䣬ҽӳڳ񻣬¶صǣһƲס
۲ȥ˽ӳ¼顣
ӳ˵֣£ҲͷӦˣ·ϡ
˼գ˸ʱ䣬ͽӳһͬȥܳѶ׵ŮݣȥҲ˵лԽӳºܷɣȻҲĿ
ҹǺøܺôĹүޣպ϶ɷˣ
ɲǣŹǸϱģԺ϶úã
ǿɲһүԺ϶Ҫ檣ԹݣҲȢã
ⷬĬˡϵĽӳԭЩɬһ仰ҧҧ
ϣȻҲǷûнͣ¶ģԼ֪ˡ檣붼Ҫ룬ϵֻһ˼Ҳˡ
պȢ¶ֻ˾͹ˣԵʲôҪģ¶ϲӵģһһŮãк̳йãŮ¶һž͹ˣԵĶġ
һֱɽ£ӻڳ룬ͣγЦæסŻعӣƿӡ
˶ԶԶ˿ǲɽֻţǹүҲǸصǳҲͬСɣοļϵ˻Ϊף˶γͼõԶԶĸţǣܰб
ӳ½մһߵѣɣӻߣɽľţȻЩ֪롣
ӿСЩƲۣζɣδͼȥֻΪܿһۣҺסˣ¶϶ϲ͵͵ķʽ
¶ǱиСͤЪһЪ쵽ɽϿʱЪϢһˣȻ¶϶ܲס
ӳͷû⣬ǵþ⸽ɫôأֻŶû뵽ȻһŲȿգбһֱӦ죬δڵʱסֱӳ˻
ҺҺãӺµĸһ¡¡¶ˤˣƣѴ̡
ӳ¹˲ɬҽһʹ㵹ӻͷð亹æͤ£۲ѡ
¶ҪҪҿԶԶĳγһƣγ⣬ɽ
ӳ۵˵ﰵп࣬ϴƶôôùӼ˵һصòУֱҪЬӳ´󾪣ҲͰѽһִһʹǱĿӼϣЩ֪롣
òЬأӳ¿һۣò⡣Ӳǿֲͷ¶ңһͺá
ӳ¿˿ܣɽ·˼ǳҲûԸðϸɽ»жγǿţ
ΪûˣŲģʲô͵͵һӣӳºģѽȥͷһԡ
Щ֪ߣսپ̧ȷԼϣգһ¹ͷķ򣬲ȥ
ǳ¶䣬ĻǶյĺѣЩò׼ҲЩԥʵ¶ܲܰѥˣ
ӳһٿһۣͷ
˿ѥӣ£һϻԼšСɵ㣬ѹλһ΢˿ҺһαɹˣȻ¶Ҫһ
ӳֽŲõ˿ԼĽŲȹƤѥЩĿӣأ˹ͳӳϸˣҡ
һ׮£ӲżˣЩջ䲻䣿Ұ㴩ϡӳƴҡͷ֪ӻҲˣѥӱߣû߳СͤӣӾһѰ˻
ԹãôĹˣҲ֪úôѣЦЦĿһۣӳ±۾ּۻۣȥҾҴ
üҲһҪ󣺡һ£Ҿͷȥ
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ӵͷЦ¶Щ룬ȻĽô죬ҸůΣ
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¶ҺĽ㡣𣬱оЩڣ¿һֻİţźɫĽţüôô
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ӳؽţȴЩԣҪҶ˵ű£ӳļ尾ȴ鲻ԽЦĥȻҶˡ
ҵֲ󡣡һܵů⣬ó£ʩΪĽӳ£Щ鲻ԽһСȣ
ӳһɪȴ˵ѥӻѥӣӳ߷ѵ첽ˣҲˤ
ƵĸȥסС֣ЦЩ⣺¶ǻһֱȥҲ繡
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Щ, ձƣӳµĶ˳Žӳָķȥﾲʢһɫո¶һ˿ĳۡ
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ӳЩ, ի룬ȥЪΣȴѥӰ˼£ŷȥ˯ӳ±øӻ˯űԺ˯ˡ
ɫӣڴûһ˿˯⣬˼ĺСһ־ܹĵطɫǰȴܳԣЩѰ¶ôҲ֮ܳΣֻľ޴йԼʲô£ȥ
ӳʱûӣЩҵĽһæ߹ˣ
ӳ´Ŀһźͷ㡭ȴѡƬ̣ŷӦ̫ȣͰˡû뵽ӳѵô磬ִЩţû˵ϴѡҪûûʲôߵģȥԼζţųȥˡ
ϵ̧ͷؿڵλãһοûдѵӣЩ죬Һû˵ʲô
˴ѣȥüĿķǰ˰ݣӸһǮյƣһʲСĻѡӳ¿̵ĲסӻһЦЩǿ
ʱ֣˳ĬĻص強ӳ붺ģ˵ƤʵЦȥ˯
ӳ¹ԹԵڴϣȴЩ˯ţӷ˸泯Žӳ£ͳ˯ţ
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ˣȴȥĿŽӳµ˯գһҹδ˯峿أӣҲϵĺܲס±㲻ˣֱѥ齡Լȥ˺һŰɽȥ§ŽС˯⡣
ӳ˯ѵʱ򣬱ûԾϺܳã۾ȴֱôڵϵӣ֪ʱĴϡӳסͣѾ˻ȥСĶ˶ӱ۾
еãάһ˲ˣЩѾɵĽӳ£ųһȴȻ§֣һ£һ࣡ŵ峿
ӳ¾ЩæñסͷƵʵôҴϣ
ӵѵõЩί˯šӳ̽ͷֵʣΪʲô˯ţ˯úܺð
̾ɵǽһ䣺ΪһԶĵطڲǾʱ泯Լڻ̾˿˯
ӳ²ҷ°Ƽʲô±Щڣ֪һһ強ˣôɵ˯ͬһ䷿ߺڱ߾СԼĴڸС
ӵűӳµĺòţһһԼҲһ⣬±ЩȣѽӳµӴӱϳȴСһĶʶʲôֹסѪӿȥ
ĥ˵¶ҧгݣ޲ð̳븹ȴҲ֪ڲʱǿ뿪ȴЩܲסѰȼ˲䣬ŷȥ
ӳʱɵˣǣȡô״̼𣿽ӳǰǱСӣҲЩ죬ȴҲ֪ЩʲôֻúЩصĺ
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ӳ³ӿԶ֪ȥʲôˣ룬ǿԼϴ
ڱ強磽һӶǽӳµģ˵˿۵Ĵ꣬Ľ̶նѣܲסˣ⻹ǽӳʶĶʶġӲ룬ˮϴ˰žԼ˹
強ӳѾСͭǰױˣھ￴ӽųһͣɬ̧ۡӿһģߴӵ¶Źҵķ
ɫ˵¶𣿡ӳͷһǰһĳǩĵطȥ
ӳѾˣҲûʲôġһ֧ǩȥˣȥǰһ۽ӳ£кЦ⣬ӳ½յһκӣ㶲ŵͷǿ򶨣ȴ
һյĹӱˣЦסӳµ֣ӳҿžأô뵽峿£ѾˡӳµһۣɶĺԴ¶ˣ
ߵļССɳֶЦһţӳ߷ߣߵĸˡһǰһɽӿˣŰסļЦ¶ιʶ䵭
ӳȴ׼ȷĺסĴƷڻáֱӳ´Щķſ¶ձסĿƵĿΡ
ӳϢȣϣû˵
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ӳ±ûʡ
˽ӳûмǵͣˣҧҧٵѵˮһǣźߴӵһ̵Զˡ
Ӵһǣһ˿ϵĵǱϷˣܺãЦ´μ棬Ź
ԼԺӳ²žԼΪЩ󵨣ĺ˼׼š
˵գҼҹҪءѩвˣ˽ӳơ
ô죿ӳ㶣ȴҲûʲôףѾˣƶҲˣǽܼ޸ԼϲˣǾٺòˡ
ʲôʱ֪ӳЦŴ
ԼĪѮֲöС⼸նϲЦտءѩҲϲЦ

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¶ʮ, ˣϲЩۣҵŮǲ, һһ޵ú, һүһ, 治֪Ӻˡ
﷭ûг, һЦһӲԣǻϲģ
ӳͻȻһ, ŤͷӳʵԼ廹ǡ
ӳƲ˼Ůһֻһ, ȻԼ塣
ӳЦſãЩĽκŮ첻, ˼, ȥñЦӳƿ, ЦҰ, Ҫһܸ꣬á
ӳЩжǻǾܾ, һ׼£̫Ϊˣû޵Ĺ, ۾˿ô졣ԼСҲвٺö䵱㹻ˡ
ӳĲƴ֣Щ۵Ŀ㣬ү϶ðɣС, ϶ġ
ӳһ£Թ׼ģ˻ʺûз׼ĵ뵽Ҳû⣬Цȥˡ
ֻû뵽磬ϺȻˣ˵Ҫߴ磬ãȻĶһۣӳɻ󣬻ǹԹԵĸˡ
ҵĹˮ飡ǳļ¿϶ˣһŸĸ˰ȥϸϸһЦʵʲôϲãȥҪҪ¼ŮһֻһλܴأСҪס
ӳ±һĻˣ󣿼£ˣ
ഫСѾѹۣ˵ļ¿ɲˣǮҲţС޸үǺ
ɲ𣿾һĳ󣬶ٽӲܻһ°
ü۷һɨСѾæտڲԣһԡӳǸʲôطӵĸƽִ󳤹ӻʹ׼ļ̫ׯطڵʱĳһﻨ˰ŰѼãƽִ󳤹һǣҲȵ
¶ǳϰˡϴŽӳ¼˱ƫｭӳѣֻʣһǶһΧ
Ａѩʮ㳤ôãպˣ϶ڻҪáֲ̾ϵȰѼĴһЩҿպ󻹵ٳ
ӳɫ糺죬˵ĳʲô˼Ȼֻ֪õͷ˵ϵЦտŵĳߴãպҪ鷳һΣ²
˵ͷһǽĹŴʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
ӳѣϲ˵¶Ȼˣӳɫ죬Цĸˣʲôպеߵʱ򡣡
ӳܻȥóŮ죬ϴ˵Ҫһҵģǽ̫æˡɵģѡһϷҶʽȻ򵥣ҲһЩҵС˼ڵģӳ¶Լ۹⣬ȲĿʼ
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ʱ˵³٣δˣˣ¶ı硣ӳ·²յվҪ
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ӳû뵽λôȤˣֻüװûȴӿһۣŻصøҲĸʰķĸҪഫڸ¶һЩԦ֮
ˬһЦˣҵһμӰͲñϱŵġȻô˵ˣǹĸ϶¶ȥסһӡ
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һŮŮȻûǿûġ
˽ӳµĹάЦ˵˵˵泯ӣҼ¶͵͵Ľء
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ڻлȴ岻ʲô˵ʲô֬֬ȻǻǷ¶޹ȻҪõǰ
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ӱҲûգͷңϼƵ¶ָģ
ӳֱҪŲǣҪӣһǧһ
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ȴƲӳҧһڲŷſǳͷŽӳ˿ִȥǽƬС⣬繡ӳҲ̲סӦӿʼ̲סѷϵһ磬Ӳֹסˡ
˿ӳ촽ӰԼ£ĴЩģ۲ۣ
ӳûĿһۣҧһԣЦսʾҧӳ¶򵨱ſڱҧǰʱ㻻һǲ͸뷨ЦŰѴȥһǡ                        
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üȴû֮ɫ֪ʱ, ҪҴѶˡ
һʹ, Ȼһ졣ӳ̾, Щۡһս, ӮȻǴܣӻ, Ϊµս, õоŷɥ
Ȼ֪ƽӳ»Щģúϰ䣬õҡ
ӵͷ, ⳡս, ϺͿʼ׼, ֻһսͷ, Ž궬գ͵ñ߽ˡ
ҪɼڣȻٰ̹ͰĹ, ٻҪһӭףȲȴⳡ, Ȣ
лУҪĽʵһ㣬˯ʱҲѡӳԵЩȡ֡
ȴɷǿɰ, ̲סڴӦӳһ˲ɿڵ˯ʱѣǲҡԽԽͣҲԽԽ졣
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ӳæըëҲˣ
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ڻãۣܿµˣá
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ӳµͷֵҩЩã˶٣Щ̣СӦûѰ
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ӱЩܣҲֻίˣ޺ٳԣҰůһů
ӳû뵽ӾȻ˵±ʲôˣЦ簲ģ׼ȥ̵ɡ
ͷɵȥ߽أҪһŰġ
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Ŷδӳ˯ȥ
һ磬ӳ±㱻ԡò²ģڶԼԼ˿֮аЦӳûһţִٵĳ˼𻨸ӣʼˡ
˵³ӳЩִ٣ο䣬ʱˣȥ׼ˣӳ¿ϴ֣øɺλ
ӳһ˳񣬹ϯϣۣЦǰΪͷ
˾ӳƷͷǣףʣӳ᷿ǳˡ
һȹ򰢵аϯظӵĲ裬ͬ˷Σĸ͵ģ쳣֮ׯޣ˱껪еģһǡ
ֻһ£ӳƷιڣӹУ֮֮̼ӶֵܾڣԳʵ¡T޽֮졣ȥ˷Σιڣֻ˴仪һһ򳤹Ͱӳһڿˡȴׯ˿Իҡ
ƣӳһڣ֣ˡ
˶ɢˣӳ»ԼͷϵķЩʵСЩοĿŮصְͷϵλһһж£ͭ￴ȥƺ˸ŮŵͷЦ¶㳤ˡ
ӳһЦϻۡԸױùת׶Խӳ˵ױۻüҲѧһЩȻѾߣҲöպ󻹵ú͹Ǵ򽻵ǣ
ǰҲѧһЩֻûô֣£޵ķҲͬǾֹҲͬʲô˹ˣǿЦˡ
ӳĬĬͷ֮֮Ҳȱ޵ˣžĴúúѧЩɢӣһȥˡ
в廨Ʒ裬٣ƤëԺŪˣŪ壬㻹ȻҲҪ˳ЦġŮ̸һӳ»ûѧƣۣҺҲûһվѧᣬֻеױݺͷ٣Ъˡ
С㣬ոóˡţѩӰ״ƿеһöɫҩ裬ɢŵĿζԹүҲǵģôôࣿС¿ģ֪
ӳµЦ裬Ӹҩ裬Ϊ˶Ŀӳ½˵רΪطЩȻʣܲẦԼδķˣԽӳ±һ١
ùɣʲôΪʲôģӳ´ѩҲһԼطķΣ
ѩˣҩӳһˡ
ӳһӣѩһ꣬Ȼôˣݱ״һ¡ҩ裬Ϣ˽ȥĲ֪Ǻãѩ۽źһЩ
С㣬ϦҪȥءѩָƽ飬ִЩ㽡
ӳǰڹϦʱһ˾һЦţһûһ˵Ҫֱͦڼڣһ㶼ȥǲòȥӵĹϵ˾֪ʱ¶ˡ
Ű£㻹ҰѹѧðɡӳҪѧĶͷŮ˺üרŽģӳ˳˽ӳƣнţܱԼһ˿ζĺá
ϻһӣյгʱͿγѧѧҪϿǣҪʱˣտʼ˯һȾˡ
˵ˣȥ˯ˣӳ´˸ǷЩҡ
ѩɻؿɫŵʱǿƣ۵ģǹɵķ˴ᣣ
лҪ˵Դڰٶ~



һ
С, 𣿡ѩüͷŽӳ£֪ΪΣԴӹү裬ССӹʹࡣȵ, ȻҪӷ麹, 촽Ұ, ű
ӳڴϣǿҡҡͷ̫, Сֻ֣һֱ, ʹӳ²˵, һжϼ֣ǿ˯ˡ
ݱѩһۣ, š
չүҪ, С, ȥˡѩ̾, һ겻üòҪˣƫƫССӡ
ݱ׵ǿ, οģŹ壬Ȼȥ˻ʹ֮С㡣
ѩҲ, ǡСȥģյţЩǡ
ȥĹҲˣΪССʵʹûȥ涼ŽҵŮĹػûѧ, ԲȥΨЦ󷽡
һȺӣѩһڣС̬ļλŮѧģСҲ̿࣬Ůʮ˱䣬ˣֹҲׯȹĹй֮޲
ˣġҶĽǰүͻݱƼѩ໹ڷ߷߲ƽƤһЦעǰµӡ
ѩҲعһľͶģһ㲻ɣү֮϶ۣԼŻ
˶죬ȴûһӰѾӡ
˴һɫĴֲѣ糾ͣȴѸݡЩͣȴӣ˯лüͷĽӳ³
¶һˡӡ
ӳһ§ø
֣ܵϸһǲǣҰůһů
ӿԼϱճӡָϴ֣ŰַСϣᴥѹ̫ۣһֱһһЩ
ӳ˸ΣεȪȵˮĻСʹˣʱһģӰ߹۾ȪĽӳ۾ڳЦ
գգ۾˵λӣ㵽￴ˣ
Ϊˣڳһֻ˯һ
ӳ¹ԹԱ۾㲻Ŷӻˣ뿪
΢΢ף֪ΪأЦá
ٴӳͷЩۣ˯̫õԵʡѩæ߹Сˣʱˣˡ
ӳ¸һСЩ΢ۣѾöˣЩ棬ʵû
ڰڷݱ׸羪ȵĿЦС˵ʲôɵүڹְأԼЩʱݷá
ӳЩɻֻһж̫ʵˣûףһ󡰹ӳŶһ죬ܿ׵Ժš
ʹ鷿
ϣѾںˣ̫ӣЩò⡣۵ĵ⣬̧ͷ밮Űɣ޻Щ̡
Ӵһݣϴ磬Ҳܣֻǳʵڹδӣ϶׼ȥ
ЦЦЩʵλˣǲǽѧʿİŮҲ޼ϴûءŶˣ˵ɵĹѣ޾͸ˡ
ϣһ˵檻ءһӰԶһ磬һ˫۴Ц⣬ġ
ӵͷ˼ȥ棬ϴǰĻ˼񣬰ڰӻȥˡ
ӰͲøϽߣ첽ǰС̫༫ɫĴţ㴫һŹӶסعͷۡ
¶áдżۣܿȥˡףȥˡ
ֻķ죬ݸһЦóʳУһͬšѾˣįٻлϵĳ谮
С㣬үˡѩڽӳ¶ߣѡӳһ㶣ӵ˵ϣòһԼģ
¶ӴתӳæվȻᣬ˵ѩ࣬ȥһꡣ
ǣС㡣ݱ׺ѩ˵һ̵Զˡ
ӵѾ߶ڣûӳϵᣬ̣̲סˣ̧߹ȥһǸСǵ˵ûǵˣȥɡ
ѾǱ첽뿪ˣźʹӶţ㲻±˵лˡ
࣬Ϊ᣺ʲôⲻǻˣӳҲЩ˼תȥһߣԼ۽ǵ۲ɾˡ
һδ¶ʹСӵĹǼӳ±ǿװС̬⻰Ҳ̿Ц
ӿĶӣ۲ۣ
ӳҡҡͷĵʵҲΣӺЦͷιıӣǸɵѲɻܸůӣ
ӳһ죬ҪŤȥۼֿİת˵ҺòײŻ¶Ͳҿ
˵űϸ׶üȴЩ磬ÿˣȴҲˣһ̾ÿζˣ
˵ЩŮҵܣӳĵѪͷҲûʲô취ֻ˵ٹһ±㲻úˣʱͶˡ
ӳûü˳ĿģЩɣ̲סӳ˿棺һѩˡ
ģǲ
ӳµǵ濴ȻûһӰ֪ѩʹʲôӰѾǶˡӳ°ĵſӼϣӸżϴ⣬ͷȥ
ʱЩУһεǣ·ȴܴԭʼļ¶̼һס֫ϣеҲ˲٣֮˽˫ȴԽҪѪſĺĲϣһ顣
¶ǰҪЩ᲻ߡ
Ӻٻ˵Щ¶ǵĻȥ˾Ӫôʲôѧˣӳϣ͸ӲģЩӳƿһǡ
û뵽Ц°ͣЩ٬ʵ¶Ҳǲǣ
ӳüĻȦôܲ룬˵ڡ˾ĴһʱѾȥ̫ˣŻȥԼѰͷȥ
ӳЩԥվռϷ磬ͷͬˡöͷģ¶ͳջŽӳС
ӳ¿ԶƺЩˣ֮ǰ⣬ڴŲɿܵϡ
ʲôģϲġ
ѩݱ׼Զæܹ˷ܵӳЩ죬ͷҳԺˣɡ˵ű˴齣׼һȥϴ
ѩݱûƣСѾǹʰꡣ                        
лҪ˵ǳǸλСɰǣԣϸ죬ԺһᲹټӴ~ǣ



ӳЩ̵, ٹͲúҩˣӾ͵һӳˡ
ֻӴѶŸոմãǶΪǽսģӲô, ҪȰꡣ
갡, ӳµν, Ҳڼ꣬õʮٳ, ֻǵǸʱӶʮһ, ӳЩġ
ЩҲÿǵ, ЩƺЩ磬ӳ±Լָ, Լ޳ȥһ, ԼЩЦ
ĿĵЩ, ʹһЦ
ӳ, ²¡ʲôͣδˣ, ֮ò⡣
ӳûм伸֣飬Щɻʵ˵˭
۴չ, ҵˣſ˵ţ
šһҲȥˣȻҲսպգϵʹͿ϶Ҳ, Цʵ˸һƷ
ҡҡͷ
ʮˣ
Ҫң
ӳЦĵƴģҴҴˣҰɣ
ֹס˶ߴߣС˵һͻʥּϻլӡ
ӳüû뵽žȻôϣۻ˵ľԴŰȤЦ˵Ǻ°ʮˣǸóˡ
۽˽ӵ˵˵¸±Ȣҡ
¸£ǲЩִˣۿɻ󣬽͵Ǽ׼ˣճҲü
ǻˣȻȡӳ»ǳ˵㻹ʲôظޣ
ۺһǰҿûĺҪԼ壬үʲô׼ã͵ˡ
ӳҲ˵ʲôأ޹˵ЩҲЦЦȴûнӲ磬Ȼȥ㽺ŵȥˡ
ӳһ£ĺֲĴϣ̣̲ס֪ͷ̧ͷģԺô죿
û뵽۵һ벻ģֲֵܣֻǱֵܣʲôһҲ˼Ρ
ӳһҲǣûپɽӳҲˣһͬŮ죬޵Ĺлģһ͹ȥˡ
ӳº۵Ľ˼λˣˡֵķţǰ˿ҲԸ˻̣ר֬ˮ۵Ĳ˼õȻõģһ꣬˸ʤǰҲ˰ɡ
ӳºȻЩڻʹΣǺϲģֻǲ֪ٳάֶá
ȵḮĶɳ˾˼ǰһ𣿽ӳ¾ԼбҪȥһ䡣
ܾǸ޹Ĺܸıҵ˥أ
ӳԽԽ˷ܣ侲ϸ룬ȴǵǸ˭ˣڴ۶ĹܽЩðɡȻ⵵£Ҳֲʲôô
ӳ³̾һѩ˵³ȥŹͻ
һ꽭ӳµǼ棬ӳµǺСŮڱԺס˼꣬ŻԴ֪ӵδˣըˣˤ˺üյϺõĴ
ӳ˵󣬵ǲ£Щۣҵ׷ҲҪְܼҵŮȥ϶ģӳ·ɿţǿԼ˯ţ
գӳһɫɴȹҲû̫صģֻһԵԼӳº⣬û˹أҲȥˡ
ͳǵһμˣ֣ؼͷһΣϻȥⷿһݹصϲ
ӳ¿ЦƻӸʼٸˣʲôϲҲû˵ƣɰ˽ȥ
Źγţӳ¹æӭУã˵ͿѾˣڻ԰ͻ
ӳͷû˵ʲôܿʲôûãҪȢҲúҲգֻͽᷳ
⣬ӳ¶΢Ц԰ӣǰһĻȴ˸ǺȻϣȴƽȵźȲ裬üͷҲûһ£ȻԴѾ˾ռˡ
ӳ︹һ󣬲ǰȥվ³ȻͳһһƷͻ·һ
¶ݵġһ裬ֵݵӳ´ߣӳЩ죬˳һЦеĿǣоǴȤ
ϵĿȴˣµأôһĶңҪȥ
ԼŮһۣԽӳ˵ȰɣȻЩ࣬ζȴӦϲִս˵ӣһԼˡ
ӳµͷְѵݵߵĲյ׼һٺȡҲûΪһ۱ͳ˵ˡ
ϵĿҴҵһƨӺͽӳм䣬ӳǰĲյ˹˵ĺˣ˵ˣò裡
ӳĿɿڴĿԲѵ˵ⷬȻȤôСڵĿɲС㣬ۣûһΪӳ¶ûл
ʲôµģȻ磡ֻȥԺס˼ѣʱȻˣ
ȻǲС壬һ͵ˣпã뵽Ƿ߷߲ƽ˵磬Ϊʲôῴ
Цеĳűɫֻ֣겻ӣ
ָӳµ˱裬ӳ±ϣЦӳºһڣЦЦˣĿˡ
ƼŮҲЩĲ̣ˣ͸һɾȥ
ҲңҲˣͳȥ˵Ϳˡ
ǸĿһۣæȥ׷ŮûĸŮӳ̿⿤Ҳһ
˵תͷȻƳ񣬽ӳһ԰Ҳûˣʲôӳһ׼װȻ߳ȥ
ӳ´ûѳɹҲһץһŷſ˷ֿʱˡ
ʲôÿζܣҪץӵЩ֪һķŵǾޱζ
´ζΣЦſڡ
ζʲôζӳɻؿ
ζǡһζ
ӳǺ֪һƿָ죬ȴ˵һ֡
סˮƵʳָڴһǣ۾ȴӳ֪ˣڱһͷ۾̵ǣʱʱ̿˵ԸĨ
¶ӱҾȢ㡣ڻŻСӲžⲻһΡ
˵ֲ㣬ҪҰӦСӳƵ˵һ䡣
ͷֻҪӦ˱ãϲԹ𣿡
ӳԺ̧ͷˣҲûдȥνϸӳº˵Щ硣
ȴûձȥɣ뿴¶ϼʲôģ
ӳ±ûټ֣⡣Ҳõȵգ뻹Щɬһڴա
ֻû뵽˵Ǿ仰Ȼ˵ģ



, 
òֳ˲١òĴһջĿ⣬ϲ, Ҫȥƣ
ӳµͷ, , ﶼûߣֻ˵ϿȻ, ֮æĽŲմصģδʱС
᷿, ˷ԸСѾ, һ˿϶ӳѣֻʣ£ʮѾ, һһѡӳ಻, öذЩ, ЩҪ, ˡ
Ƴ˼ҲûΪҶϲٴͰ, ֻǲ
ˣп˵Ҫû˵꣬洫һСѾ
֪, ׶ԽӳǸһЦţȥдĿˣӳɫϲͷ, ˱ţԸСѾ濴ţзԸٽȥ
ӳЩأǿӺʹ壬Ͽ϶ܺÿ±Щԥϼó㷢һ΢
ӳ˼һȻֻǸµĵطʵͿջȲ˶٣ӦоСϴĵطһСţǴﴫġ
ӳƶһߵʵ˭ֻԼĺӳµһΪԼˣ˿ͻȻмĽŲ𣬽ӳ²߽üĿٱȻӣ
ҽУæס죺¶ֻ
ӳ¶ţӲŲЩȷҶˣѹʵ¶ôϣ
ӳֻ£߷ѵֲѾֻ߽Ҳѹʲôȥ
ӲŲæһ㡣˵űѼϣ֣ӳºɵĿһۣûжֶţЩɻӻᴩ
¿ʵ̫ѴһĹˣģİｭӳ´ˡ
ùϼӴͭϵΪϵ⣬ͭ￴ӯӯһյߺЩԣվĸЩ׽ӳ»ûʶΣյıƽͷÿ
û˵Ще̧ȥױ߰ѣϵõأϼҲ
ӳº޻֮ͭǰԼʶҲ룬ֻܸܵÿһ缡ߢһ俪޵Ľ
ֻʣ¶ǶˣӸŶǶᶯСɵļͦ񺬰ŵĻèһġ
һ¹ڳһ˿΢ңӵĺ֯һ̲סȷ͵Ķ˼£ӵ룬׷ȥϷŪһϾҪֵ
Ҫæ𣿡СѾһЩΪӳԼϲ㷵š
˶һͣӳ²Сҧ촽æƿվ򶨵˵һɣЩﻹһ˿ģѪ˿´ԼĴӳŵæƿ
ЦʱѰϣӳڵϣ㶵ĿͭԼϴŲͬյĳ죬˿ңĶˣԭҲģ𣿽ӳԼĴ˿ûӵӰ
СѾӵĺһ
ӳ»ع񣬷ּºúõİţ΢ĺۣһƺûʲô仯һֱô΢ӳݸٵһԼҵķ˿š
Ҫ𣿡СѾ߹ʵ
ˣĴһЩáӳϲһЩϲϳΣһɽˮͼ߸ߵĹţƷڣǺһֱ쵽󣬿ȴͻأǰһ
ӳ̲סʵϲ˭ֱʣСѾҡҡͷֻǷ̿˵ģЩ֪
°ǹүģȻûʲôرϲãǾͰչү˼ˡд˿ˣƵ¥
ӳҪ㵱Σ
һЦ˵ģǹ˼Ȼǰչ˵үҲ˼û˵ǣͼǹүֻģǽﲻϲǹү϶ٻһﵹǲֻۣǻͷүæ֮ϲ
үŵǸ֮£뵽Щӣ⽭ﰡиŹү޵ӣŹֻһŮඣ˶ǳְ
ӳ½Ų鸡ĻصУЦŵڱϴ¾㱸ֻˡӣٹ۱Ҫˣ뻹Щ᲻á
ˣ˼Ͱ˻ϵĳ˶˸ۼ޸ǰı磬ӳƼ޸ԼǰԼȻ޸ǰ֡Ǽңӳĥ˰죬ЩЦ
գӳ²ִϴ֮󣬺ͽӳƴҴḮҺûûʱĹ뷿Ѿۼ฾ˣ۱Χм䣬¼Ľߡ
ȫһ۵ĸ׹׼õķڣŮͷϣŮϲɵģ̲סæȰסˡ
ӳ³ûע⣬͵͵˼ۣգգۣɿķŽȫóһƻݸ۾ҪˣΪԵģſڱҧһڡ
һ˲ʻûдƻǸæܳȥң˲һšӳ½ЩЦƻһƽޣʲôûѧ
㶵ĿˣѾˣĿиɾˣȫæͿ֬Ǻһæ
ˣ˺һ˽ȥҲ֪æЩʲôӳºͽӳңЩšȫ˵ģЩЦȤ˵һ䣺˶þֵඣ˵ó˺ͷ۵˸ʵӳ¸оЩæսˣҪҡ
ҪϲˣϲεĶ磬۰õģȻЩ»֮ɫǻǶ۷ϣҡҡλεվ
Ц̣ӳ½δŮ˼УһԱ˱ܡ̧ۣӳĪЩ£ܾڶ
װĿһۣ绹ûüջصĴĿ⣬Ƽڳһ޺ЦݣΪøˣֻûʲô⣬ЩĿɲ
ӳȭͷһЦſıϣҡҡλεĳţϲΣһ·̧ȥ˻ϴ͸ŵ¸ۡ
ӳ¿۵ϲԶ磬ȴѾˡӳߣӳ°·ϣϲϲȥϲˡ
߳һˣıӰֱԶһھƣѾƺһӣҡҡλεˡ                        
лҪ˵СɰǶ簲~



ϲ, ˻ظûʲôر鷢ӳһҲ˵ô, ˡ
, ͹үʲôʱ򡭡ͬһ, Ȼ֪ǽӳƻѹ, Ů˵Щǻ᲻˼ġ
ӳ֪˵ʲô, Ҳ˵ٻõ¡
ӳЩй, һ䣺ôð
ôƶͲü޳ȥӳǡɵôȤ
ЦĿһ۽ӳƣû, ȴ͸, ӳµЦ, ˶١
, Ȱ޵ʱӦþֻʣһЩСˣӳЩ, ֪ļ³ʲôأ뿴
ӳڳ£һ, æιȥջᴩģƶôһ
ӳһҲǣҿԱȽȿ㴩ء
ӳһ죬û׾Ϳʼн, Ҳû¶ѡ̵룬Ϥһ£պ治д
ڽǰָͣԻԺӡ
˵ʱðƶˣŮݼ޳ȥվǲÿġ
ģģ֪Ϊʲô¶ƶĸҲ벻ˡǸﵽʲô£ȴǲ֪ġ
ӳЩ飬ãȥ̽̽Ŀڷ硣
¶ôʱˣŪݵüʱŮǶĵЩҽġ
ӳ²˹ȥֺһЦ밢ˣȻҪҲ滰Ҫޣ͵Ҳˡ
ֳʲô£ϿżɽŮ˼͸ˣûзϻЦĿųŮŮ
һŮټû뵽һģŮġ
Ҳûʲô£ҾʲôʱؼҡӳЩ顣
Ϸˮϸ룬źհɣôͻȻܵˣ
ֻҸѡ
û£ͻȻˣʡӳԥãϵıӰ̲סʵƶҲڰôˣƶס
һͣµʵأ
ӳһֱϵ飬ûвϲҲûԾһ˵һͨƶҪޣĸڸУŮݼҪڸȵȡ
˵ڸӳ²ͣڳԲ͵͵һϵɫϧƽ޲
϶ĿŮãһЦҴڸϣҲ˺
ƶĸɡ
ӳ´û⸱ģ￩һ£Щʣʲô£
ϿŮһۣĶţĵһ䣺֪ûȽӳ»شϱԹԵ˵ȥ
ӳȫˣһĳסֲðôƶֲǸֻܴׯ˵Ļƣֲðû
һ߾ðĺһҰ˰еĳ谮ԭԭȻ
Ϻ˿ڲ裬˹ϱӵĶԹЩС޹ءԸãҲ㡣ȡ㣬ﲻܡ
ϰѲյ£ԵŮݳޣҲͬ⡣
ӳ㶵ĵͷҡҡλεˡصԼԺӣѩԭ˸߲ҵİ꣬ӳɫЩ֣æϵЦŴ߷
ǰѾ룬ķ˰ںã˰ΣŴҴҰ˼ڷ
Сôˣѩýӳ³ԷĿյţͬһµݱ߿࣬˳Ĳ֪Ǻá
ݱҲû취ЩӣҲ˵С
нŲݱ׿ȥȻǽӳˡ
ݱæ˾һ䣺С㣬С㲻֪ôˣЩѻúȰȰ
ӳ濴ͷǷģȥˡ
ӳŲ̧ۣǽӳƽûôЩƶˣ
ӳ£С㣬ô
ӳ˰Σ۽ޣЩܣЩˡ
ӳɿһЦҪˣҿǸɵ˰ɣ
ӳǿЦЦ֪ô˼ò˵ƶޣ𣿡
ӳһ漴ץסӳµ־ϲʣĿ
Ѿܾúܾûĸˣϴμ棬ƺʱﱧʹ飬Сʱȴֻ棬ûмЩִ
ͷ׷ݺᣬϵĲӣµĺˣ˺ܿˡ
ѾȥʮˡӳƿЦԭȥׯҹׯĻʲôˣ϶ǱŲĵطȥˡ
ӳ³ĬĿƺǲ֪ģ˵ĹȻǳĶԹЩС޹أǽӳƣúúõġ
ӳƻعЦңһͷħˣҲûʲôҪҶǵʲôģˡ
ӳҧ˼Ƭ̣Ǿ˵ǽ֮䣬лҪ˵Ȼͻһ̣ԺദȻһ㡣
ӳֵ裬Ųƣɤӣ˵˳
ϼ޸ԪʱԪ໹ֻһ̽ɣվҪȥΣϷ˿еò˫ȫİСŮ޸
Ӹĸ֮Ҳûʲô飬»ҲΣĺãֻͣһˡ
ϼ뽭Ϊ檣ԪܾҲ֪ϱ˷飬Ĭˡ
˼ҵƶϵۣԪ൹ûжʮһȥǹأҲ֣ؼ
Ϻ⣬û뵽ԼȻУϲҲûϣգҲҸ˼Ҽˡ
ֻܲһŮʱȰԪȥϵķҹ
ҲڿҿҷүˣûһԹԡ
Ͻʱͬһ˵̥µʱΪ˫̥Ѿܴˡ϶Ϊϰɽÿ
ҲУÿһͬţʲôʲô˵
˭֪ȻıߣԼΪԼܷ֦ͷˣڷŮѲҩҲÿնҩϳȥ
ϼһĺȴûһǸ̥ӳ󣬼òãĺ졣
ӣŵϹŵıϵϣЦһŮֻһۣӴȥׯϣԿʲˣÿ
뵣ӳ½ˣһѲȾˡӳƾĬãЩеץסӳµ󣺡㣬Ĺ¶Բԣ
ӳ̾Ϣģƶûƭ㡣
ӳ»ǵã԰˵Ҫһ磬įΪۡ
û뵽ʹǼٵģԲŻôӽӴҲȫԸ
㣬Ƕǳǵˣ޹أӳƴſǻЩܣܣ
ԭһ硭ӳԳһЦŽӳƿ޻ЩᣬѵҪٶһ




ӳ¿Žӳƿ޻, Щ̣ɣһȥ㡣
ʧȥã벻ֻͨȻȥ
ӳߺ, ӳ³Ĭ, ˯, Ҫԧͷ˳Ȼ£ǱСҪΪ, ˻ӣӳƳ, һһߵ
֪˶, һֻԧ죬Ŵ˵ƾޡ
¶, Ҫ, ô˯ߴϵ, ӳ۾, ԧͷûأвУȥ˵һ, ٳס
ӳվ˼ͻȻһ飬ˡ͵, ŷһΣϵĺʪӳ²˯ˣĵĵ, ڵƹ¿ʼԧͷ
ѩڸҹһůƵĹ⣬Ϊˣæ컹أѩԼСȻͷЩȣСʱôŮĹС㣬㲻һҹû˯ɣ
ӳҧ˿ߣҡҡͷ˸Σ˯ˣĻ˯
ѩû˯ֵһ򣺡Сϸ۾ӳ³ЦЦæϸȴЩרģԧ춼ҪƮˡѩæ˵ˣӳµͷһԲİ˿ͳһ顣
ѩҲûʲôȥһͷӳ¾ܾˣֻߣԵʲôѩûЩοСϲүأͷҪС㶼ǽѾġ
һԲæӳʹָ˸ǷҼ˯ˣٽҡ
ѩͷ첽ӣԸСѾǶС㡣
ѩ࣡ѩ࣡²˭ˣݱ˷ܵȹܹûȱҪ˵ѩæס죺С㣬ëëģС㻹˯ء
˯ˣүأݱװǿ֣˵˳ѩҲȵĵͺһôô죡˵ݱȥ˽ӳµĴϣ
ҡˣĲסӳ죬˸˯
ѾɻĶһۣæ˵Сѣүˣ
ôڣ˵˽ղܳסӳ·߷ߵץѾ˹ȥѩݱ׻ûС⸱ģúˣĹţȥǰԺ͵ȥˡ
ûߴߴˣӳ·˸˯ˡ
ӳ˯ͲЩʣһѩֻ࣬һݱףȻڡӳɻؿ棬ûгСѾߣֻ˱裬ˡ
Ƭ̣˷ܵЦӳɻ濴ȥ϶ϲ󣬻һ첼ŵĶӡ
ӳЩĿȥպѩˣæʵǷӣ겻ڵģʲô£
ѩصЦЦү˵ϲ£Сϲ£ӳס۰Ͱ͵ʲôϲ£ѩθڲ˵СĻڶˣʮˣǸأ
ӳ˺þãֻ˯˸ôһ˶˸ǲû˯ѣӳԴҹΣȥ˯һ
ѩæסСʲôһˡ
ӳ°ַһ£еۣΣӳ㶵ĿŰŰᣬЩɻ󣬵ʵôҪˣֻ˯˸Ѱ
Ҳһ㶣ΪϲɵˣЦ˵ļˣһһ£˵ЩҲ٣ڼﰲĴްɡȥļױӣޣ
Ϸˣѩݱ״ߴߴ˵ͣ˵Ӵ˶ӣǸ˵ʯмӣӳĬĬ˵꣬ûڣѩһԴС˰ɣū̫ˣһʱ˱˵æԸСѷ˶ӳˣЩزҪˣ
Դʮ꣬˵Ǿ䡰ˡͶһЩĸ顣
θѿҪ𣿽ӳס͸ŷϵԧ죬Щϲ
ӣԺܺúܺá
Ҵҹȥ˴£ԽԽˣӳһ룬˸˿ߣõ˿
С㣬үˡѩ˫ֹİһֽùȤĿŽӳ£վͼˣүǵȲ
ӳ½ӹûѾߵĻȥһ볦ǧᡣ
а갡ӳ°ѻĿڴ۵ЦÿӶһŻ㣬СʫһСõĶϺõĳֽ
ӳ֮İѻױײ㣬ŷһ
վҪˡӳļ£ȥҽӳơ
һֱûм棬ӳϾʱܻĥ֮ĹϵͨˣҲи˽ˡ
ӳƵԺӺһС԰ȱ㵽ˣӳûֱͨ˽ȥ
ˣӳڳˣæվЩִٵİַ£ľ߬ӳ̾Ϣľùźãʲôֲǲǻ
ӳƽŵЦЦ£ԣӳſڣҾҪˣ㰲Ĵޱá
֪ģġӳҧҧֿˣԭ𣿡
ӳüԭ㣿δ֮УӳЩ𾪵Ŀô˵㲻ңӳ°ùסͨˡǽãһ£ǲ͡
ӳʣӳ²̿ĿƵľϣӳ૵ⲻǡزԸ𣬳ľ顭
㡭ӳɫӵĿˣȥôЩˡ
ӳҡҡͷΪĸĹӦֲԺÿ¶᳭дһ㲻ȰҡӳҲ˵ʲôˣ˵˾̫۱Ҫˡ
㣬ӳæסһδϲ»֮ϲ˵óͬĽᣬǺ񡣡
ӳˣõȥˡ
һ׮£ӳ˯úܺãϻ֮£ӳס˯ˡ
ǰһգӳЩĿԼӣԼ˼õģҪ뿪ˣЩᡣ
¶ƿӽһ۸߸߹ŵ̫Щڵ޲ѡʱ򡣡죬ίʵЩˡ
ӳ°÷ҵݸϣЦҡҡͷӻͳһӡ
ӳ֪ʲôȴҪװ֪죬ʵǰһѲҪӣ˵ԼЩЦǿûЦ
ϡšһҲǿǻӰɡⷭһҳӳºĴȥæסʲôǰѾٴο̲סߺ
ϰЦԺ㶼ᾭģʲôϸϸŮָɫŰѲַ˼ױӵ£һ䣺ۣͺ˵ӵӣ᲻ġ
ӳɫ糺죬û뵽Ȼ˵ⷬЩߣһֱƵ⣬̧ʪ۾֡ݸһЦŮȻõġ
˰ӳѰЩǸСӣ֪ԼҴ򿪣ǿԼţӻȫЩ
ѩߴЪϢӳ˴齣۰Ͱ͵ĿѩݱһҲûܿɣԺ˯ˡ
лҪ˵һ볦ǧᡣ
--Ӧ쳤Τׯ
ճ



СС, ѩæѽӳ½ѣױˣ
ӳ͵ؾѣʲôʱˣߴѱ˵أѷǰףûɣ
ѩҪõ¶ױ̨, ػ, Ѿʰ׵, ȫ˽ȫ´һ, Ц¼ǿΣҿ, ױ, ȥܰɹס˵ýӳ£
ë࣬һӾͺ, ۡ˵ɫɴ, ӳûҶ, ԹԵĵ, Щ΢ۣԳܡ
ȫ˿Ҳ˿Ҫ޸үĹ, ǺãǰЩ¼ﶼ޵ĸʲôƵġ
Ҫױˣ۰ɡҪһķ, ӳ½ŵı۾е㲻ȫ˵գϴ۳ޣױǲҲ̶, Ҳһɡ
˵ܲٲܲٵ»һµ۷ˣһԵĽӳЦȻǲµʲôһרĿŽӳױû˵
ˣ۾ɡӳգգۣսͭ۲Ǻܺ񣬿֬Щ죬ЦЦ˺޷顣
ǰ߶ţһᵽβ׷üء˵˵űӳҧҲỨ
ѽôˣȫæվӣڿ޲˺͹ס
û¶¶ɡЦοĿŮ
ѩһٻͷ棬ƽִ󳤹͸ģ۲ѣ⸱ͷǼֵءӳҲЩСȫڣ˶ŮĻò
ӳԭЩ⸱ͷ̫Ĳû뵽ãֻǾûд󳤹ķ˵ģӳݸһЦͭԼ
ױϲӳ˳ڴϣΧǹˣܽšȻţǽӳµֻ̲סĶϴЦأû뵽ֵˡ
վԱοӳ¿һ˿ֻζҲûԼĬĬĵͷ
˲֪ã洫ε֪ҪٺӣһǧҲԸġӳһԼЩģû޹ȥأôˣ
һҪˡȫͷӳһϣŵͷǰһƬ졣
Ŀֻ֮֮б˵ȹߣӳԶ˶㿴һ˫˽˿ѥӴ̤ӳЩţһ˲㱻˱˻𣿽ӳ˵ľ˵ڱϽεġ
˰ĸͷѹͣ˸ţְ͵ϰų˿Ŀյ˵һ䡰¡
ӣӳϲһǣ΢ɼĵͷˣӳºһûƿͷŵ߬ϵƻЩ޴롣
֪͵ö濴ӳ¾ЩܣѾ˰ѹֵĿǿԼҪƿӣǿûп޳Ҫˡ
ϲҡҡλãͣ
ˣһССӰܹǳСˣ΢΢˽ӳ£ӳ˽ӡȫ˵ݸһ񣬽ӳ֪һ˾ӣ±㰲ģһͬȥˡ
һءӳӣЩš
ݸáӵĵ͡ݵǿӰɡ
޶԰ݣӳԼһ£סӡ
ɣ붴
һʱЦһͬӳκĸӽϲȫڴϣһѷӿһȺˣֵġ
ӳ߬ϲͷϲϵĻơ
ȻǰһӳۣƼĿ⣬ߵͷΧֹסۡ
ϣӺȫЦŴȤַԸСѾߵơøĿһ̶δ뿪չཻӳЩţһˣžе
ЦſĽ̬Щ˴кã֣˶ȥǰԺϲ磬´žĻҡ
ӳµͷԹڴϣ뿪ӹţӳ²ŷʱֿˣȻһŷѩݱ׽ˣ˵ӵķԸҪźСԡţжͷ䣺СŻԡ
ӳŤŤͷѹʹĲӣ޾ɵŰɣԱԡݱ׵ͷȥ߷ȥˡ
ѩ򣬹ͷɷˣӳ̲סڴϣȴѵۣŷִ϶Ǻ滨ԲӣˣϵЩԢӣӳºڴˡѩҲѴϵĶߣͷС㣬Ҫȳһ棿
ӳæҡͷĴһڵĳ裬ӵӲõĺܼ򵥣ȥЩɫҲǿܿһס˵ӣһİ趼ûСӳ룬պﲼһ
ţӳ»һѣȥ˾ӵһܴĳӣˮǷ㣬ӳ˸裬ѩѸᱡ˵Ƿ˵ķԸӳ·ͲŮ𣿲Ǵˣһ°ɫӣ֡
ѩͷôڵСأ
æһգ˯˯ӳƤǿԼš˽ţ̫ˣйЩ
ӻƿûȢĽϱ˴룬æ˹ȥŷֽӳڴ˯˰ԣֻ¶һϸ׵Сȡ
ӺͷΪЬϣӳһű档ۻˣϧȥԡˡ
ʱӳ»˯ţڴϣһ佭ӳ͵ؾѣɪĶӣһֻӣƵѥ˴齡
ټĴ˲խ࣬ӳ޴ɶ㣬ץһ֪ʲôõĺӣһӳ۶ǺɫɫĽɫ۽ƺҲڷӡս¶ôȲ
ԴЩеĴĥĶȾһĨ죬ţгĲߡ
ӳԼʱӵĶɫ糺졣ת˲֮䣬Ҳ֪ʹʲôӣֻʣǿɫĲˣûмһһĴӣĻӳ¾Щ͵Ķ˶ӡ
Ӹǲ㲼ҧһˡ
ӳҧ֪˵ʲôŤͷȥϷʵӲ°ȥһ˿ŮǡӳԺ룬ԭϵζġ
ӲĲӣֽ⿪ϵǶĴӣ¶ҡӲɵ
ӳ۾ٱסӣһԼϸϸܵСЩı˫ۣ롣
ĬĬؿţЩľִ¶Ը𣿡                        
лҪ˵춴

ĥ

Ը
ӳæҡҡͷ, ϧӲûĻش̽ĵߣܵɪõЦ, ŪһֻСè, ֺһ, ˲䣬ָоҲã¶, 𣿡
ӳֻܵһ飬ű㱻, ҵı۾, ÿĲ֣ܿŲɵܡӳ˵, Ϻץ˼, , 䱾ĶԴ, νӳڴһ˿ǻ
Уӳƫͷӵ鰸, һ̨һϺõīëʾ̴Ͳţֽ鰸м, մֽѹš
̨һį̄῿̨Χ˸, ȥһȦһĄ̇ī֭ʱ࣬ҲīͷһŲ̷̆ΪԼµᣬī֭һɢī㡣
㡭ᣬ䣬ͣĥ֡
̨ʶĶ˶ī⣬īܿ㳱ʪһƬȾ̨糺ɫī뿪ַ
ڱͲëҲ˶մһЩī֭ԥʣī֭һһεֽϱȾī÷㡣
΢紵ֽһƮë˶̽дһ֣ȴ̫ͣһֽһֽţëֶİ̿һᶨдµڶ֣΢ڹȥˣëԽдԽ˳޾УҪССһֽϻӳⷽ١
ڣһֽȫĺۼë뿪Լĩ˸ֽ΢ŵĺ촽롣
ԼĽЩĸ¶ҵûн
̱һ࣬ѲĽӲӵڱЩʵӳæֹҪˡߣִŲβӿƲסժǶҪʢŵĽ
ԼժԼδȫ򿪵ĻͻģŬҪպϣȴܿƵţ￪һѤõӽޣҲ
ӳ³ܲסĿ˿ͷȻ⣬ķ˿¶һ˵ӳᴭҪƿȴûһ˿
һжȥӳ¿ԼϵĺЩޣֱۣӵڻҪҪԡЩɳƣŻ⡣
ӳҡҡͷֻ˯ȴһΥԸסһ˿϶˾䱾ӳ¸ŭԣĬƿֲûоͷ
Щ˵ı۾ٿû뵽۵˯˹ȥ
Ӱϴְ꣬ϣȥһź۱ıӣڻôߣ»֮ҹȷʵӦ˫ȼһҹģ룬˸ʵŽӳ˯ˡ
ѩݱûжˣ˴˶ɫ糺죬ŵ񽻸СѾǣЦˡ
С㡭Ƿ»һգôô
èŵĲӹѩŹǷ·͸ϿܹˣЩԥҪҪѰèߣ˭֪èȻŲ俪һ졣
ѩûԥǰè˳Сۼˣ˯þЩҺðèԹԵſѩһëˡ
èеʱˣܵ˵Ļϲձ֣Щʹһֻпմ̬
ȣɫ󣬲֪ʲôΣ¶һ˿ЦӺȥӳûзӦۼˣ˼ɵİַϣսӳ²˵޻֮ˣȴûǶʱȽȤ
ڻЩˣ͵§Žӳ˯ȥˡ
䳡ϵӵĶγŴ̫ᣬзˣͿԷ𣿾ͿԷ
ѽѩһͷȻ£γǲǻ䳡أү˯أҪҪȥ˵һ
ݱͲµ˺ýõ˼ЦЦĿһۣȥȥ϶⿴㡣
˵ʲô㣬ѩߺ־Щѹ˵ҺͶδûʲôԺ˵ˡ
ǣѩ࣬ԺҲˣҲᣬҾͿŶ˳ףݱ״Ȥѩˣһۣ첽ȥ䳡
š˯еĽӳһ۾§øôˣ
ʱˣˡӳָȴקӣЦְ۵ӳۣ¶Ҫ𴲣˵ˣӵĳ谮͵һְĹˡ
űѾõѣһ˲ַ£Ž˵𡣡֪ڹʲôͿ˸ˣҲ֪п룬֪ߣҲûֵƿӣѴϡ
ӳ¾һڱﲻӺò֪ߣOO@@ʧ˺ܾãӳ²̽ͷ̽ԵĴѡϴȥ⸱ģһٿУյζ꣬ôִ̼
ӳֺһѷ׷ɢ䣬ְϣ˵أ˳Ŀױ̨ϵĸɫ֬¶Ұü
𣿡ӳЩɵȥϴˣױǰӴüȣý϶ȵġ
ӳ¼˵ͷͷǵǿ˼֡ЩţŵȫŮеܰ㣬յĻƣЩȣӳ²ˣæԼȥæɡ
Ӹһ£תȥˡӳ˿ȴŲʹֻûһѩࡱȴݱ߽
ӳ²ѩȥˣݱЦȻȥˡӳüѩѩߺǶγ𣿡
ݱû˵Ҳû˵ǣЦĸˣһ¼Ůķ٣һϮ޵ĺĺȹӣʰ׵õȥˡ
СݱײЩʧĽӳ£εĺ촽΢Ĳٴθ̾үǺȫǶҲС˵ĹŮˡ
ӳǿȼܣߵһһݱҲˣæ£СˣЪһɡ˵ЦִԼһ£ūʧˡ
ӳзˣһҲΪ˸ˣ㣬ԼûӦء
ݱػȴԶһˣ۾һæѹ˿쿴ǲǹүӳ˳ĿȥһԲİɫЩգ¶Ҹġ
ӳקסѣҡͷǱȥҪۺüգ֪ĹǣݸһĵŹġ
Ǵ̤ȣȥˡ
ݱ˷ܵĸӺ棬үȻС㣡ֿ򼸸̽ͷ̽ѾСˣ̧ͷͦص뿪ˡ



ӳ»Щ˼, ͷӻ˲䣬뵽ǸעĿæɫĿбӵĿʯС·ϵĻݡ
ӿȢķ⸱ģ, Щ⶯, ȹ, ƫƫװһӳŤŭĿӣɫƽ, ϵĶȴûͣҧһ, ַɿ뿪, ±˿
ݱװЦƫƫЦæס, ۾ȴЦ, ɫͨ졣
ò׵˻, ӳŤҪȥ, ӱĥһıӳʵ, ίͰ͵Ŀӡӵﻯһ̲ˮϲŷ¡
ӵɨһΧǵͷ, æȥˡӳЩĿȻܵӵı仯û뵽ô׾͡
һ˫ӵ˹ӳ㶵Ľӹȥ, ƵĿܣСʣ𣿡
ӱ۾ŬϨǹɻζ˵պ˵ʱҪҶ
ӳ¹ԹԵġޡһĲˮˣճԵ٣յҲûԣôͶǰ󱳵ġ
Сڳţһ̧ͷ㿴ӰԵĲ˶Сɽߡӳ쿴ҳԲꡣﻹһ˿壬ʯϣ졣ã֧ÿԣԲ
ǿһ룬ӳŶӳԲȥˣ۰Ͱ͵ĿӡüͳԱˣӳ²˼ĵͷǲǳԵ̫࣬Ӷȥˡ
ӰùְԼĿȥʢһСŴࣺЩԵ̫ˣպҪܿࡣ
ܿࣿӳЩͷԣķѾܴ˰ӳ¿Ŵ࣬Щ²ȥڡףӻûأһɡ
ţӰǲʵҪҪĴ
ǰС𣿽ӳ¿Цãأ±˽ףȥɣҸ˴·ء
ӿһۣû˵ʲô˻һûȥĲأȥӳ۰Ͱ͵ӣֱһʮС
ӵͷԶһӱ㵽ˡӳ»ϲĳǰȥȻǰӽ飬ǻûȥءЩЦĿǰ潭ӳ»ıӰװأǸûС
ܿ㵽˲󣬲㣬һ¥һЩЩͷľ飬ֻǻҳ̫ˣüϺһңôסĿڱǣٴ˶¥ʱɨһˡ
ӳűɨһۣĿǻ٢ġ顷Ϸ͡ɢѾˣͲⱾˡû뵽ӾȻУЩϲڽŴϳСϱһҳС
Ҳһ飬ڽӳ¶濴󲿷ʱڿʱЩᣬϸ΢ĻҳҲÿɰ
ӳȴûһĳЩζջôܣת֮һҽͰĵλȡˣ
ԽԽҪ٣վְֱ˹ϣӳµĿһֱߣЩżĺһûأ
ӸӴսͷͷ¶Ҳ𣿡ӳһ㶣ôίˣŽߵͦǼͱ촽ӳµǲĺˣǿԼȥ˵㲻ҿҾͲ㡣
վӳºµСԶӶסΪҪʲôƺʲôԲˣһСһΧǽǣͷȥ
䣬մһЩӵıǼ⣬ӳ̲סԶӵǣĿıǼ⣬һ£ζӱĶķ񣬽ӳȴıӳܿЦ
Щˣһһ߽ΧīζԽīԽǳȡ֮ϵ㣬ԡ
ӿˮٵӣ룬ƲסĴֱӳü̲סһĳݺۣҲûֿܵס󼲷ꡣ
ڷƽ˾ӳ·ӼͷᴭϢӵϸϸĿ˿ԭģһ۾ӳæ㿪ҪˡĽԼҲ̲סһ㶣ô⸱ģˣ
ȴã°ͣһӳ죬ؿڲ˵вѹ˼£ӳºˣӽһߣΡΡҡҷСӲ۸ƴסڵ궯ٽм
˵˲˵ˣ۸ңӳ˵˵žίգգ۾ĵᣬڣĺۣӻŷ۸
û뵽Ŀ˳Щ޴ȥᣬˮȴҪǮһӿֻæҵİѣҲˣְһ΢ҵķ٣壺¶ҴˣҲ㣬úЪš
ӳӣЩɵĿ˫۾ĸˣ֤޵ôңҲţڲ࣬ộնȥ鷿֤㡣
ӳ²Ըˣ׵ڶվ˯鷿վܴʧĴţ±˵ǲ檣׵ڶվ˯鷿һ㶣ս˳ᢵ꽫˿ȴţǼķˣתһ˯ϣ֤㡣
ӳµͷǿϿˡ
ĵϣӰ˶ߣƵİѱó͵͵һ۽ӳµɫĿʼ̴ӳĲ̣æһ¶ģɡ˵Щ˼Ķӿ϶ҪЦ
ӻһ֪ʲô˼æֽŲõϣһƿŽӳЦҾ֪¶á
ӳһѰĿ˵ˣҡ
ӵ˱˻ԣˣ¶Ҿһ֤ӳæס죺˵ȥ򡣡
ӵͷʵʵƽڴϣͽӳ¾ˮˮֻһĿӡסҪӳµֱ֣ͦͦûж
ӳֵڣҪ˯ӲĶ˯˯ҲԲӳƲƲ죬Ļûз۾һȴ˯⣬ֻһ϶ѣϰӵĻ
ӳ¾ԼЩˣⲻȥӣƵ˵һ䣺¶ҵĸ첲׼ˡӳһ죬תһ룬ֿʲôְ㲻ԣͷ˯һ
ӳҲŤˣЦ°һ£ܿͰĵ˯ˡ
ɫӵĿײףֻǿԼ۾˯ȥˡ



峿, ӳ±ѵĻ磬Щ˷ܵİѣնˣ
ӰԼ΢΢ɳƣ˯һ
УҪȥѵ, ˵, ӳ˾, ˵ˣҵ, ȻԺôڣ
ӿͰ͵ȭͷʲôֶ, Ҳû, ͷһѡȥðɣʱȥӵ, Ȼ׼
վϢ, , ھȻùʱӳЩԥ, ǲǲ̫ãӿǣս֣ģڡ
ô𴲣ӳƵĿֱ۾, ָϻȦǵһ׽סָвϢˣ
Ϣˣӳ¸˵, Ϊ˯أû뵽ΪúϢűûȳ, 㱻Ӳпѹˡ
Ҿͷˡָ⣬ȵıϢڽӳ²һȡӳæסҪֵ֣ղУô˼ȥã
ֹסˣ˵öԣӳ°˿ʲôӳ͵͵ɫ
δĹź游ĸҶӵġǰȥǣҲñˡ
ʲôӳᣬ̧˳Цģɡ
ģӳ¿鲻٣æְùһѩ׵С۴ɴ¶ֱĶӳûĵһۣѶѣʲôÿģ
սӳ´֦ʯȹ䴹գЩѲİãֱ͵һڣн𣿡
ûУҪ´ˡӳۼֿİǿۿҪ봲ˣϡ
ˡͷӳһ²֪˵ʲô˼ĴУȥ˯鷿
ã鷿ҲԡֱսĶ䣬Թˣһ鷿ӳ¾һЬû´ˣҲӴһˣĶʲô
üЬ齣ʲô촩ϡ
ֲǶ죬ûʲôǿӽŵɫӳҲԼˣԹԵȣӰϡ
ţӳã԰˼ֺ꣬ƣСͷ£ӳºӹϣдʡ
ãӲŽӳӳֵ㣬ڻҵ¯ϣá
ЩˣҲˣԵü㣬ӳЩܣЩꡭĺۡ
Զãӳһ˵ӻ磬պ㻹ҡ
һжûˣ
𣿡ӳסϸϸһ£жûˣֽЦٽСӳ֪붺ģҲɢĽᣬҪһһͬȥš
;одµĵطӳĿбӣֱ˹ȥԶЩ̽ߣӳ²Щӣ᲻Щãס֣ģһһ㡣
һδСȺѾ˾Ĳǻġ
ӸʢһӾ࣬ӳҪȥӣȴû£Ҩһ״˴ߣʾſڡӳЩι࣬ɲ˶ܵġ
úȣʲôࣿҲҪȣӳ¾ϲĿŴ࣬򴽽ǡ
Ӿ࣬轡׼˿֭ͬ󣬿Ŀӽ͵˿а̥ĹЧպǿԳš
˿ӣӳ룬ƺ˿ӿġӶ࣬ӳæ˹ʳСèԼȣ㲻ȡ
ӿɲܺһ㶼飬֪ûʲôʳǿԡüûӳʲôʱôϲһģҲûȾͶȵ㣬кô
ӳæͷӴ⡣
ţ˴ǶѾȵĲͷȻóԵĺúȵźǣǼˣϰµġ
òԶԶĿӴ»ˣǸæ֮ɫЦǰ»֮ϲ
ӵͷˣӳߣҲ˹˵ףµʲô֪ǴӶƷĹ֮Ů٣Щ¿Ȼ䲻ŹӵģǸŮޣԷڡ
Ȼˣ˦ƹӶãźӶ
˱֮ûһϻſڱ˱µĹɫ죬ǶԹԵĴӻͳˡӴԵķʣµĶ˽ӳߵѾߣ˵ĺ֣ڿƣڹǰ
˵Ѿж£үŸҲÿֶΰɣ뵽⣬ǶЩ֮ԱǣүȢֶ֮ζˣԶûЩϣͷӶ֮˷
յʱ䣬ӳ֧Ŷͷŵµ˻˯æˣҪҪȥ˯
ӳµͷǾһ˲ѳǸûĻŮޣƽվϲð̲סЦӵ۾һ㴩ڹ£̧̧°͡γӦǣѸոɫļ¾˳Ӱڰ֣γˡ
ʣµĹɫЦһѣͱְɵ亹乡
ӿŵɫվϱѹһͷŹҲݲ㡣
˵Žӳ»ȥˣϸһۣӳɫʲô˯
ˣӳ·˷ܵ˳ӡšһļ磺պ˷ʱ䣬ʲôȥ
ӳĿһۣôһ˿ͷŹǾҪܹˣӳ´˸飬Լϵѹ˼֡
˷ӰѹϣһԿףǸеԿףҵ˽ԿסӲıӣЩζǲǺˣ
ӳƿֱҡͷҲŲ˽⡣
ɲ㡣ӰԿ׷ģ˵ȥױһһ˯ֵֵ
˼ҪյĲΪ˽ӳ룬ԹԵĽһ̲㣬ַϣǲˡӳƲƲ죬ĽһŰӺĻŭţϡ
ҪŹ𣿽ӳƲƲ죬ӰڴϣȴҲûбĶˣ˯ˣ˯һ
ӳŸҧҧ˵һ仰æ۾װ˯ˡ
ѪӿڻṴˣȴҲʲô׿ڴӦ˲ֻܿ毺õĲ˼£˯ȥˡ




ٷӳõĸ, һ˶Էι֮һҪ˵ӳʳʣ˵˾Ա, ˿ӡü, ʢ˰, ҡͷƢЦЦǻطɡ
ܳԣӳ±ߵ, ְӣŷŹ, һ·లµİͻȥ˵ȥϴ, һٹȥ
ӳ㶵Ŀȴûнͣͷˡôˣӳ˰Ҳû˼, Բ, , ȥԡ
ԡ֮, ӳ²ŰʪͷѾˣ鰸ǰ, Ŀ϶Ǳ飬ӳһηĴȥҲûܿ, 󷽷
ӳ¿Ļûһɫ죬ŵӣΪж, û뵽Ȼ
һɾӰʸɣӳɪɪ϶ּ尾ǰǸɫĻûȽʸɣӳ¾ͻæ˺ˣȥ鷿˯ɡ
šüԼϣ˵ĸȽϺãСӱӷһ飬ӳ²ҿĻŵĲӶȦȴ֪ģӱۿתȹϵϣת˲Űùʲôղˡ
ӻôãӳ¿ʵʵѣ¾һǳɣӳЩɣѲתˣ˵Ļ
ӳһ죬룬Թſļ磬˯̲ס˵˻ջţʲôʱȥ
ӳ͵۾ţˣæѣô¸ˣȥ׼Ӱ̹Խ۾ŵһЦţҶ׼ˡ
־Щӣ޹⼸գǰѼ¶ʲôʱףޣá
ҺҺãӳؿڣڹ̫У뵽вӣҰ˵Ǻģֻ˶ѣӳţЩԲסǡ
˵Ӱƽѹڷѽһ¡˵ԼĴӳһᣬȥһԣ
ӲſòĴջ߲·ĺǼ尾£һһߺ˵¶ҡ
ӳ½һ̣˼£˼֣̲סһʹšһ㡭ӳ½ţܿȨӱŪڹ֮䣬˵ĽԭҲһ
ӵҲûţıһ𡣡𣿡ԼѺҲ˲һɾ޲
ӳڻ񣬲ҿָովȻˡƺ˿壬Ӱʹ󣬿硣
ס֣֮§ס
գӳľˣΪԷһϸϸļһ飬˿ûм֣֮ºѾ߶һš
ӿæĹܼţﺬһ˿ײЦ⡣жϣӳ²ڰĿȥȥ
һ㶣ΪʲôȥΪûʱ䣬ԼȥҲûʲôӳ¿һϵѣװ󷽡
ЦͷİɣԺֻڸ㣬Ҳȥ
ΪΣӳ˵ôҲǸôͲϳ
֮࣬˺˯ĽͣսһҾͰѻ˻ϣҲǸˣרˡ
ԭӳµͷôȥѣҪˡӵͷŷųֲ¶Ǿ仰æطˡ
ҲӳһСȥҽյױݷٺҵѴ
ӿֻոÿˣǵͷܺÿ
ӳ¾֪˵ʲôֱ׵Ŀޣǻ¶һ˿ЦҲս͵㣬ӳյСȭͷ
˽ְѽӳ²ûվȣϷŹȱȥŮֱĸΡӳһ˲ôĸҲˣɨһˣȻҲڣɵЩͷ
ĸⲻǻôˣӳֻȰοϷ˲ᣬЩ߷߲ƽһѾŮŮ۲㣬ǲۣ룡
ӳ¿ЦãǰתһȦգգ۾Һ𣬻Ҫ𣿡
Ϸ˱ס˲ˣˡɫ󣬷溬һǱŵġ
Ϸ˾Щ˼Ͱ͵ܹŮû뵽Сʲô׼ˣǲµҪһûһ˿ȣŮܣ治֪Ǹǻ
οĸӳ²пտһ۰ҲᣬæӦȥ˵˵ʲô
ӳ§ϵĸ첲ЦĽȥˣֻؿһ۵ܵãһЦںãӳ²֪ôǣԲ
ȥ鷿Ůȥ˻ӳһȥ㱻ϺϷΧסˣϷȲŮʣӶòã
ȻǺõģӳûԥͷҲˣԲ𣿡ӳºͷ֪ʵȻߣǳˣѾ޸ˣԲˮɵ
ûŪ㣿ֹϷҲŵĿֻҪŮͷҪȥӵļơ
ӳǧ㣬Ҳû뵽Ż⣬ҪĥôشϷ˾ʹϸ룬۲Լ֪𣿡
æסϷˣ˵ʲôأҲŵ¶
ʲôŵʱҲôʵģشǡûϷ˵꣬æ⣬ͳ⡣
徲ˣӳ²εĿ¿ڣտʼЩۣͲˡ
۾ͺã˿СҪ˰ɣպãǼǧҪ˳ȻԺܿ㣬֪𣿡ӳµͷ֪ġ
ʱҲطҪáֺ͡Ҳԣѹͽӳ̸һӳĵѪϵĿ£ǵͷʾסˡ
ŵ㸮ѾߣӵĴҲġЩģȻںŮ罺ᣬǱ׼վͱģŮǸĴģηĵ£
ӳ֣صͷӣҲðġ
ϸϸһЩ飬ӳ²űųһžͿվ֣ȥš쵽ʱˣһҪԵġ
ӳµͷϻӻ֣һͬˣһڽϣǶԶЩο
һʼͻమĽޣߺܶ·


ò

ϼ֮, ӳҪȥˣǰЩĿˡϷϲЦտϴο, ܵҲЦź, Ӷġٿֵ, ڵͷ֪ʲôɵǺǵĺӽ̸, ڡ
һնû˵ӳ˿, ܾЩ֡г, ǸڱϽεôԹˣһӡ
Ǳ˼ˣӳһꡣ֪, ο´ʲôʱҲ㡣
ӵûƵʲô, ֻҪһסʮµ, ܽܡӳ, ˵£ת˻⣺ճףôԱϽΣ
Ӱķ˿һȦһȦ, ںˡҲûбĻˣӳµһû, šŶһҲ˵ˡ
ӿŻһģ̲סպҪߵý㡣
ӳû뵽Ӱѻ˵ôֱ, ֱӿĶġһֱڿ֣û뵽ע⵽ˣҲڰжš
Ӳ˵ĸ˶˼һ۾ܿȫƾֱֱر׼رǹڽӳµģһһ׼Ҳýֻͣ˵񲻶ԣͲٶ˵ˡ
ӳĵͷֲڷţʲôţӳ¾Щӻ˯ˡ
ǸĴĹӰһƣ֮ı
ٴϤʶӳһġƣȴӣС΢ۣӳüˣžҪȥ´ӡ
պͷ󺹵ĹˣǸϰû뵽ӳôˣЩ⣺ȥʲôӳ²ÿڣȥ
һ˲֪ˣƫȥϴ֮´ӵӣȻҰ𣿡
ӳֺˣģĶְƳȥҪ
ùţӳ°ѰСóԼЩ㲡齣֪룬һڣ¶ġ
𣬡ӳĻӦô˵ǶʩЧ򭣿ȻʩЦù£𣿡
ӳһ˦ôԽԽҪˣ
˯ɣպú˯һҲ㡣ӰַСϣ˯ӳ²˯Щ޾ɣӶģҲȱȱ̽ſڣ¶ôˣ
ҡӳ¿һۣ˵ܸҴһӰָϣֹҪ˵ڵĻЩʲô㻹Сŵ˫ʮ껪ʱӡ
ģӳЩšò׳ֵܣ˵ǸкӵģôյĻȫһ
ӸɫЩӣ¶̫㲻ã㡭ĻӲ˵ȥʮӣѲļжߣһʬҲеģ¶ʹ࣬ʧȥûкӣҲЯϡ
¶ģպÿһΣ̫СҲôĥѡ
ӳ¶ĿҪһӣ뵽Щ˵ڵĻʧ˷ִ磺ȥұȥھҪ
ӿЦãҪˣհɣ˵
ӳ֪ǷܣһӻսԼе⣺ˡίͰ͵ͷһûסڻƫƫӳµֲ׾ϻȦȥ̵ܣȴҲΪʩΪ
ӳˣһ̲ס죺Ҫӣȥ鷿ҲͬˡЩ׽͸뷨Сļ磬ȴӶڱžȡ
ĬĬջ֣Լ̾ٺɡСӻ־ᶨô˯ţ
ӳµĺƽȣһֱ۾˸Լ¹ϸϸüͷţһۣСʲôأЩеǰ취
ƫƫİ취
ӰѴƷС˼Ÿ֪С֮ƺҪȰѽӳºá
һ磬ӳ۾СϵĴƻڣƲӵȥû۾ȴһѰסˣѹ۲ۣ
ӳ²˵ŤĻӹסӣͷһķ䣬˵¶ˣպҪʲôҶ㣬òã΢΢ɳƵýӳµ΢΢һ£Щ
˵ˣӳͼӵƿأҪҾ󡣡
ЦںСӣúúã㣬պҾ˵Ǹ̫ࡣ
ӳ²ȥ棬ӸոձŤŤȥģּһƫƫ˵ĻʲôһΡڸƳӳӰӰ´µˣĺ𽥴
ӳ´·żһֵζûųʲôӾͰק˹ȥĴĲ䡣ӳ²Ҳ˵Ӹѽ˿ʣЩ㣬Žӳ촽Ȼԡ
УӹϷͷô࣬¶϶ǲԸģԸӳҧҲҪҪհ̵ķһԣôôܳԵ¡
㡭
ҡ
ͬ˵Щ죬ʾ˵ӳһò׹Ȼʧһɶֻ˵Ҫȥˡ
ӡšһɿ¶Խϸˡ
¶һڵĸвˣæܿȻӣһˣ¶ôҲ֪ԼǰЩ֣¶ҴˣʲôҶ㡣
ӳתת飬Щȥɼ꣬ÿֻһԡҪáæͷҪȥӳסһӻˮֻҪ峿մ¶ˮĻ꣬ȥ̫ˡ
˻ȥȻ֪¶ϷˣǺݲģֻõͷӦˣŽӳ³극ȥϰˡ
ӳ´￴˱ҪѧĶö࣬ŤŤӣĴ̡
˸æģֻź;޵ʱܼ棬ǹؾصĲӳ̽뷨ֻú˯һ
ֻе˯ŵʱŰԼʲôʱǸͷںҹ۾㡣¶յ¾͸ɾˣҶֶţᷳǵòʧ
˼ţΰƭԼ
գӳµ¹Ȼɾˣһ鶼ܺãϵʱ򣬻ЦӱЦŪ㱣޲ø
ٵȵٵȵȣӿžķֱ洫ˮ˹û̧ţ
ţܿӵУӳ°峿ժµĻڼϣȻˮŻ˳ƮˮϣᴵһŻƮԶ
ӳ»ף˿Ŀ˵ĻҲ˼ҹԡ𣿡

ͺ

¶ʱ˵Ļ
վԭ, һ壬Ǿһ壬ҲĸԸˡ
ӹӱ˲, ˮ, ׽ס, 㹻飬ץסβ͵ʱ, ͽһֻ壬ԽԽԶ, ڱϳһЦҲ, ׷׽Ȼ
һһͨ, , תһȦһȦ, Ķ, ۺβͣһββ;ͷӵļϡ
ӿβ, һһĵģˮ³һݣ֪ڼ˻Ǹʰ·硣ܺ, սĶӣΪˮͣ, ְβ˦һˮ
ָˮİβͣһȻܵģƽ˾ˣ굽£ᱡ촽˺ҧñˮĢˮϵ˾һˮᣬҲᡣ
ĴսΧŲϳĢȥЩԥҪҪȥһֻεĢĿ֮ͣһڳȥ
ĢˣִӲҡβ뿪ˣеظˮһݡˮϵһ׽ס󣺡ȥðɣǱˮУͷĳԣżˮϵһͳᴭ
ŬĢԵĸοˮϵԽԽ࣬ˣĢȴԼᶯһȦһȦֲסˮ棬һˮٰһΡ
Ӱ˸βͼϣܣȵĺҡҡβͣˮղţڰߣϣڳۻ޺á
ˮ֮ȴ˸ˮβĲҲŬĢһһ۵ͷ󺹣Ҳ쾡£ʱ̣һͬƶˡ
ɴһһ㻹⣬ˮ۱ء
ڶӳ»һ㣬˫飬ȶҪۣ΢˶ˣһĵͳ¶𣿡
ӳ¸˵һ֣ͷԼˣЩɳƣźյķݣƴӡӴЦ⣬§ڻ𣿡
ӳһŤͷûвĶһ£ӳ½ס˼תӵϻȦӳ²Ų鲻Ըĵͷ
Ī˿¶ͷ͵ûˣաӻζһ˵ѧģ
ӳû˵ͷڱﲻȴӵͳ츳ӳڱȥʲô
ϢһգӳžԼˡûһ۾ˣպҪһˣɡ
СķŰ£źͽӳ±Թ⼸ź÷һˡ
ӳһ˼ĿĶһּۣͬյ̬Щ²⣬ѹϲˣ
ɬĵͷѾһˣ̥ȣųģȻҪűƷˡȻ˵ͷ˵˲ã̲סźʽӳ£ôģ
ӳЦ
ʹˣ⼸Ҫעʲôӳ̲סۻ¾ϲˣҲ˰ɣӳ²ɵ
̫ҽģҶ֪ģİɡϳĸԵĹԣӳ࣬оȻͣӳЦеĴȤ
۳ĶӣʲôʱϲӳƲƲ죬ǰջΪ³أû˵ô֪ӡ
ЦŴȤӻŬӳף˵Ҳ̫ز˰ɣֻת˻⣬˵˽ӳơ
ӳƲҲҪˣӶ£ʱ˶Щ꣬һתۣǾʹޱĸ׵ˡ
һǵãǰһ㶼ҪãôϤģҶˡ룬ôһ仰ӳ¾ҲЩ˼飬ǰôɹѵأ˵õĻЩˣǡ
ۣӳֿʼδĺӡüëҪӣ۾Ҫӳ˰죬ԼЩЦûһƲ飬ôͺȻѪ
£ӳ±㲼ӣ̫տûеĶڵİģ룬ûмҵĸо뵽˴ӳ¿˼ױӣԼõĶڸӸĿⷿԿףȥⷿ
ֻⷿһϺţڵϴ˯˹˫Ŀ档ӳһԻû뵽һҲǸ֡
˿ⷿӳ»һĿԻۣһžǸɫʯ鱦ڵϷšǰֻ͹Ʒеȴ룬һСϻӣӳ´һһʯʯҹ飬ٴһŰɫŮʷ飬ӳĬĬĺϻӣԵĿ˿ϰٸϻӣöǮ
ӳ²룬ȥ˸䣬Ǵƥ˿һ𣬽ӳ¿˿ƣڲóѴҲʱۻңණŵϺţͷ˯ˡ
СС̧ȥսӳµķԸһĿռܿͱˡӳĦȭƣָѾǰѶڸæһգŰеӲõķ裬ĵͷ
Ӱ㽭ӳţ˷ܵĽӳŷı仯ɴůٻɫŻݣҲڵǡôÿطʾ
ӵͷһСˡҰɣ飬صͷӡһǣӵһԲ
ӳ´˿żʣÿÿֲõģ۾һű佱СӣЦͳܺÿÿԶ
ҹӼᣬϡ
ӳЦſӣѾöˣ㣬²ҡ
ãס֣ƣҵԸ
УӳԼĶӣ˵ھأӲûаڣôܷѿأ
ȥתתӳ˸۰Ͱ͵ĿǺ«
ãȥ𣿡ӺǸɴ࣬ڸҲƣȥߡˣջҪҽƶۣһͬ˵˵
ЩҪ̫Զ˵־鷳ۣɼ˰иš
ӳ¹Ȼû£˲ˣͺã۽϶ҲģĺˡһҲǣſ϶չ˺ۣҲûǿǰӳµͷϴȥˡ

ʧ

, ¥
ӳµżʱ򣬽ӳѾˣܾûкú˵һϲ, һյĹ, ˶, ۲١
ʱ򰡣һͿӵĲˮ, żæŵ£, ˽ӳһСŵ㣡
ʲô۰ڰ, һŷŽ̵ֱû˼˵, ûôһ˲Ž˵, , ز, ˵ҲǾ֪ˡ
ӳԶ֮θôãǰ۳Էʼݵġ
಻ס, ǽӳ¾˳ӳҲſ
ÿҪٷأ̾, Լϵ⣬СһҲԵöࡣ
˵̯һϿѼͻƹ˿, պ˽
ӳ±ûʲôθڣǿԵôҲ̲סˣ˴ã졣
𣿡ŲʵӳƵŮõģԼҪȻҲߵģһʱ岻ġ
ȻӳƿڣûУһطһò⣬¸¾깤ˡҪˣӳЩţǲǵҳãЩҳĸס
˵ϱ۹ޣҳ׿˵ȢһŮôۣ
뵽˴ӳƾͰ˵˳
ӳ³Ĭһƶ֪񣬾ǻЩ١
ĸһ㲻ţƶĴģ¾ƶƶĬӣҲ˵ġ
ƶģӳס֣պ߶ӵϣµġǻƽ޹ʶЩ
ӳ뵽ǰȥôڣĸͷĹⶼǹȥˣ̾Щ㱡
ϻعĽӣӳܾԼʲôӣˣǺ«
ƿƣΧˣС̯ûִ߽Ǻ«
ӳйӣͿԶСи˼Ǻ«ˣյʯͷŴȳ⡣
æóͣˣԼȥˣվңûиȥ
ͷִԼҷҧǺ«˹
һ۵Ĺ򣬵ֻһҧһǺ«ſӨЩۡ
Ź
ӸոմӻʹһظͿŽӳȥ̫¡߹ȥ֪ץסһ˵ʣأ
°²˱קѷɫͨ죬Ҳֻػ˲ˡ
һ˲䣺ȥǺ«ĹͲˣڳ֡û˵꣬ӾѾˡ
˶һۣҲæȥˣҲˣˡҲˡ
¶ǧҪ¡ӿս۶ȥ
ӳԺѹһ۾ͷⲻԼϤĵط֩ݶĴ齣ƾɵľӡ
ȻһƴסҪƺļУǿԼ侲
ȥǺ«ʱƺס죬˺Զʧȥʶ͵
˭ڣӳҡҡͷԼĲ²⡣
ԴڴûΪѵ飬Ѿͷǻ˭أ
ãȻĹˣӳ˴ţͿԺ棬ӲһŮӣʲôʤ㣿
ţһʮĸ߹ˣǾϲʣˣأ
ӳ¾Ŀʵ˭
˰ӷľϣ֣ЩִٵĿһۣģûж⡣һλӰѹģ˵ڴ˴úϢ
ӣӳæʵ˭ӣ
¶ɫӳٽǿѹ»޴룬ҴҲܿǸһȥұضǧ
¶ɫ⡭ҲУ뵽˴ֺĹţúЪϢɣʱͻ֪ˡ
Ѿˣǹӳ͸ӣãȻĿİԺ䣬ҵ˫ۣȴżǺ«ζ
Ǻ«һԼӣȻһ鲻Сţǿ鲻̫۵ȻЩϣ
Ե㶫ɡĺɫͷˣӳľӣŴ˲˺ûţõȵӹ
ţӳͷС
ˣ˰ùĶһ̧ͷͿһӹˡ
ӳ͵ػͷſҪ̫ľվŵˣͫ׽˳ڣ
ôôĵַٳ
ҡƿľ˽ƽӳ£ӸµĿֳ֣¶𣿡
ӳµͷ֣ǽڷϺõİ״ɣȾӳµٳңǾң
Ҿ㣬ڵЦݲֻҪߣ;һжõġԸǰ̡
ٳ㣬Ҿ㣬Ǿȴȥ¶ǲ罫ʹ
һξĶǵĹ£ȴ赭д˵˳
ӳľ̫ƽˣóȻڣԷתԼӣգգۣЩƤҪȥģ
ϲڿϣֳǰһŽӳЦ绨ϣĹ⣬Ҷԡ
᲻ӡӳµûЦ⣬Ȼ⣬һֿۡᣬ̾¶ӣᰮҡ
ӳվԭؾþò
̲סȥӵûжţƬ̣֣رסıϡ
ӿˡӳЦӿ϶ῴġ
ھһܵ޹ǵָıС̽ø¶ңԺøá
ȷǿӳһһƿ۾𣺡ŲӣĬƬ̣˵ֻھŹ
ӳ˵ˤŽӣסؿڣ̱ڵϡ
ĶˣӽûȥڡȥϸĶŲԶȥӳһڵ˯ˡ
ӶԳ˳ǣûоκˣһͷɽ
£¶һ˴ҵĵȥһ뵽ͿƲסɱԼ
ҲڣںԼûмԼ뷨˰бĴ
۾¹ײ˸ڵϣãȻĹˣ֪ȥֻ¶ġ
ҡԶһ΢ĺȣĿһݣ첽߹ȥһɫƵֱڵϣѪӡ
۾ƣ¹ϳˣĵն硣
Ǹ޹صˣ̧Ҫߣһֻȴ籧סѵĿڣ㡭ǲҡ
ͫ׽һѳģ
ȾҡҾ͸㡣ʹһţ˵ֱۡӾӸµĿûһ˿Ŀڣڸң㻹ȫʬ

Ȼ

ҹ, ӳ͵ؾѣľĿڵҹգ˻Ժվţ෢ĴȺ͸첲, һ, СϿ𷢴
ǰǿаռĹŮ, ֪ô£Ȼʱ, ûзʲôġôأ书, ԸҲǴ´, 硭֪£Ҫֵüɹӳ³˰, ŷⶼù, ȳȥ
Щ, ӳ²һͷԵ, ͷһƣеսζƸɿݵͷ˯, ˯˴˯ڻͻȻ
һҹ߷ǰ, ֧ҲȼմӳЩ֧Ųסһͷϣ˯ȥ
ۡһ, ӳ¾ѣԵһƺ򶷵͵ȴЩȣһͷڵϣǿסվֱӣȴһ߿
峿¶ˮǰѱපҲ˺ۣ˫۾ҲƣӳվԭһЩţˣ
߹ȥʧõڻСӳºͷһ죬ûпޣӣȴֹסӽӣŻĴУսֱۣҪѪ
¶°ҲЩʣЩƵĶߴֱ࣬ؼҡ
ӳ¿һ·֪ôɽģҲ֪ôصǵģعѾڹˡӶһӸι£עƺôҲ
ӳû˵쿪ֱۣӷ뱧סſڣҺڣʲôûзᣬıڻҪӣӳҧӼͷᡣ
һۣɵĵİΣ۾ûнӻϵȴϴҵİᣬæ˵¶ޣҶ֪ģ־Լ˵Щ԰ֱ˫޺۾һһٵ˵ֻңģĲҪ
ȣѡߡ߬סӳµ֣Щ֪룬ֲ֪ôοֻܲϵȥϵᣬЩ̣ȴζ
ӳƿҭ˵ˣڨڨͣ£Լ°ðĺ磬ȴϣЩ۵ǲû˯ã
ӡšһŵϣ§úܽ¶˯𣿡ӳı۾Χӵζܰġ
ݵСﷺ⣬ں硭
磬ӳ²תѣӵȦƺˣɵǲû˯ûлش߬ס֣ȥ
ӳҡҡͷӶںĴá
ھһķϣȥ٣赭д˵˳
ƶĵطӳµͷޱ侲ĸ˵ʲô𣿡
ûУӱ°͵ķңҪȥģѾˡʵǽŶû˵ݲġ
ӳµͷ磬ȴ˵ùЩС¡ҲûʣֻЩۣڶ̥ǲҪС
ӿģ̲סǷһ첲ѣɺܺҡһӣʧ
߬ס֣ûа仰˵ڣ£˵飬¶պţپܾˡ˶˵Ժ㡣
ӳµͷӵĴ磬ʱҪöӡ
áӸհѽӳһ¶˵ʲôΪɣġ
üӣĶЩĲɣܳԵ𣿽ӳµȴܺãһ»ǵӲ÷ſ
һգ¶ԽӳΪȣ粽ĸߡӳºǿգǿŵģҲ֪ôڡ
ӿŽӳÿӴ׷ſ鲻ãعҡҡͷƬ̣˵ڣҪôѾǼ
Źſڣû˵һ֣ӺȻ˵ĳϦƱҪڹģҪȥ𣿡
ӳµͷ͸ȥˣֻһֱ飬ǵķԷˣ˵ûûٲȥԺھûʲô֮ˡ
ҾڲͷӦЩ£Ҳȥ˼úòá
£ĳû˵⼸ʲô㡣
Ѿܾˣӳ򴽣ӰСӣȴСˡ¿ӣսס˵㲻ôСĴѾˡ
ûͷûβĻȴסˡһգԹɫ¶иģҲΪǿջЦ־Ǽ¡ԭ¶֪
ϸϸĿ͵üۣĴʯͷ˵أͷӡһǣãպһǰ㣬òá
ӳµͷ۾ˡ
ãɫǻȥ˯
ϸĵİҴñӣת¶ðչ˺áţȴ𲻾ǰŷ飬ûб¶
Ǹģвһȫ˵ˣ˵¶°ߵģɫ⣬ˣ¶ʮͿʼĥǲסЦҪһ첲̫ˡ
ڡھ¶ϣȥຮ֮ذѾʴˡӰѽӳޱߵ鷢쵽ӡһǣ¶պĺܺúܺá
ӳ˸ӱסЩɻ󣺡ôô磿ӳ³ЦպȻǺ«
һ£˵ȥ򡣡˵ҪӳȴסҡҡͷԼȥ
ӽض۾˫۾ŽźΨûпսȭͷɿæס¶Ժ󲻳Ǻ«ˡ
Ҫȥӳ¿һۣɫįҪŵġΪһССǺ«ӣǹˣܸϺȡ
ɫʱ˳ڳ֣ǡǼӣ˸ࡣӳ°ĶȫʧȥȤĳǰߣһקסЩۣ¶ǲȥˣظɡ
ӳ¹ִҡҡͷסӵ֣һߣᱣңԲԣӳӵͷ۾߬ס֡
һ·˳˳ߵβӳ¿ǸǺ«үүվԭؿһȻȻˣʲô˵أЦɿӵ֣Ǻ«ȥͫ׽۾һգգĿ
˵ֺγһֽѡ
һӳǺ«֣Ц⣬Ӵǰס֣¶¸ҡ
ӳ°Ǻ«ݸҲԡ˫۾ָֻյɣӽӹǺ«һЦ

ɫ

ص˹, ӳµ
ϲЦɢ͹εӺ汧סӳ£ͭˣӡһ, ¶, 㻹𣿡
ոճǺ«, ˵ĻҲζӳݸ, ȥ
άűŤ˺þãſɿ, ӳᴭ, ȻƼͭҲڸǲסĺ޵촽Щ˷ܵҸױɣ
ױһЩ, ʶľҪܾ, ǿô, ˵, ͷ£ͭĽӳµЦ, ֻҪľͺá
ǵһθױأӳ뻹Щշ۴óۡδʱõ, ޸֮õĶǼõģѾ֮߸ˡҲûĸŮӻЩأ
ӳºŸշ, ӵ˰Żعɫˣ˳ϲҡ
ıֱһ̧ӳ¸ĨշۣЩĻţһСľͰͿһһףĿۣͭù
ӿͭЩԼһЦĨҲû˼ױˣѽӳ±¡
¶ϲ֬ǿ֬һ֬棬µĽ˿ľϵĻ񻭣ôһСӣһ߼ۣ˵֬ˡȴûһ£ַ£ǽӳ¡
ϲ֬ӳ򴽣ЩȻ⳷ôԽԽ
ϲʲôζ
ӳûлشšüӵһЦŵɢշ̫ףӵķɫƣСġ
ѧǰ°ͣСˣҿɺã
Цҡͷ˵Ӧ˵Сˣȥϵҡһ仰˵.ƫƫӳûѧҲ٬ǮĹ˼į̲סȥѰ
üԹӦĻȥ˴£һƣýӳЦǰϣķ꽫ӣȻҪСĵǱʣ
ЦˣӳǰˮӵһΰȨҲЩ˷ܣָ֮Ҳǳ˻
СĲӳ¹Ϊѵ̾ѵҪҷ㲻ɣ
ԾͶסĴţӳɫЩ죬ǿɣٴͺˡ
Ҫ󣬡¶Ȳöô󣿡
ӳ̧ۣƳӼԵ񣬻ҵļˣתҪߣκֱ߬סڼỨҲˣ
һתӳ¾ϣĥ䣬ǵýӳβȣˤȥЦŰãӣ˱˴Ļ
ſݲݴ¶˻
ڽӳ۵ֱӻҪѾƣСӣ𣿲ʮΡ
ӳ¶ݺݵסӱʱʹݺ˵ĻҲһ˿ĵζıɱ׷㲻Ҫˣ
ӳţСĻȥɣҪ˯ˡۼˣƤһϣͳ˯ȥ
ÿʪĶȥ˾

սӳ¶ûл㱣ܾĵģ鷿Ĭšϻ澭дУݱ׾˵Ϸˡ
ӳëʵһ٣ī֭˳űʼӣϺõֽһĨĺۼЩεֽѣȥĸ
ĸζġȻʹˣȴЩСȥһĲס
ֻ˵Ҫȥ϶ѪضҪǰ򡱣Ȼˡӳ̾ĸôЩŹҲΪ˼ˡ
ԶԶĿĸӳæȹӭȥϡϷЦſŮ۵գЩοᣬȴȹ
ӳ˵һжãƬ̣Ų⡣
Ϸ˿濪Ũ޵ĺĻȻĴ¶ңΪʲôҪȥˣɵڵ˼һ¶޸ãûû˼ȴˡ
СӶûܱ˹飬վӸʤһ
ڹʱձ㵭ˣϾٵʱ˭ûأû뵽ھȻ߻ħĵزȻ˺¶һ³
ĸįӳҲЩ̣˼Ƭ̲˵ǰЩұ˽ٳ֣ھһ
Ϸ𾪵Ŀæȥļ飬ЩĻŵ˵˭ˣ˵ˣ
ӳЦסĸֿοﶼû˵ĸģӲҳµġ
ϷԷģæôģ˵ɫЩӣЩţѲɡ
ӳ֪ĸʲôҡҡͷЩεЦʲôûҲûϲӳ򴽣˵ȥ
ĸʹˣǾ͸¶һĸӳһ̾ƳĸĿ⣬֪ʲôԵġ
Һ˵ӳ˵ңҲڲˡΪ鰮Զ磬ͷƺ׽ܰɡ
ϷԹȻͷ⺢ӿǸѧģʵӱ˭ҪǿⲻǷֻϧ¶ͬɲΪ
ӳ°һҺĸˣȻĲ֪ñʲôˡĸʹˣ֪Щ飬Ȼĸʲô¡
˭ٳ㣿Ϸ˷һ׮£һ׮ȴҲЩ߷߲ƽȲ˵¶ңŹ̧˶˭ô󵨣ȻҽٳһƷˣ
磬ӳ˵ĸ֪ˣֲһ䣬˼Ķ磬ĵնӡ
Ϸһô֪ܲˣھǶǳ竣ղѧ͵ҵԽԽû˹޷ˣȻ¶ͷϡ
Ϸ飬ô÷ӣӳЩګګж˱һ첲ճիĸ˵ǲЩ̫пˣʵ˵ˡ
жһ첲ϷЩţʱһ첲Ǹ磿
ĸҲЩ̶ԲԣҾﲻˡӳ¾ЩˣãҲ˵ȻֻĬӵ
Ϸ˳һЩŵŮˣΪ˺ƭɵŮӲŴõôᣬպ϶Ҫʧġ
ϷûӻŮ̫Ҳãôôһ˵¶ˣ㲻֮ģۡ
ӳ¶ĵͷ֪ģֵط
˵һϷ˲Żȥ
ĸӳ»ص鷿ëʣȴˣӶ˵¡ںҾĻ¿϶Ҫˣ֪ĸ첲һ϶˵ģС
ˣ˵ܲٲܲٵӳվš



ӳ¸߳, ۾Ϳ޿ĹˣǿתǧأҪˡ
ӳ²ɵһͷƤ飬һ˶֪ڲ˶, Ҫĸ׵, ôô¡
Ҳûʲô취, ֻȰۣװһ¶ģ˺¡
ǲĶ磡ᵽ, һ˦, Ķɸֵζ, ȥĲãƫƫŴ껹ȥɽϡºˣˤ˸첲, ȥĶ
ӳĬĬ, ˹, ԭӸҵɾȻҹ¡, ͷҲǡôˡ
˼Ƭ̣ӳ̽ʣϵܺã
⻰ֹס˿, ãΪҶ磬Ҳù, ϸ˵һ䣬ҲϲѰ
ǾͺãӳĪ˿, ˵һϵá
ûҹɣǰ翴ӳµ񣬲ɵһģü˵˼ǰͷϣҡ
ӳ򴽣ĸֻ࣬ϸİο䡣
ۿһֶˣӳæԸС˳ʳ
þǳϦˣ۳õֲſڣҪȥ𣿡
ȻҪȥӳ°Ŵٷ£һϸָ˵û˳£óľӦ꣬ƫƫ˹ˣպӦ϶ٲˡ
ɵãȥҲȥһΡӳ˼ˣæĺȡ۱߳Ա˵һξ͵˰
ۣӳ̱ڴϲ붯նûʲôΨһһȽҪľǳϦˣӳĬĬţЩĲɵĵӻ
ȻûҪְһҪмæʱȥ±ű⼸ӸæӳţҪҪҷǰһͻ硣
ǹˣ»һ£ȻҪھȨ֮¶ġӲϲߵھеݺ̫ۿҪ˼ޡ
ͻҲذˣС
¶ȥŰɡǻļʱǰס°͵ķ䣬ϵеһģ˵˲صңô
ôȥңƫƫӳ²ģ֪Ҫһ䡣
ҡЦ§ĸ˵㣬ȥš
ӳ»ϲĺӳȥˣ߳Է㵸˵շ顣Ŀϲ˵Щ£úܺá
ȻС꣬һƬ̧ܼƤůٻɫϸϸЩеķ˺͹үЦվֱӣȻЩӯ
󳤹ôЩ꣬Źˡ
¶¡ӣȽӳ˵˲ſڡ
˵ɡӳµͷʢһǰЦЩ
ҪȥݿӶһ²˵ǻϵ˼
ݽ̫ƽȥݣҲЩ΢˽õζԭǲȥģκλΣβòӦˡ
պ¶վ˲飬һ·ɽˮҲɢɢˡ
ӳ⻰¿ӣò̧ͷЦЩǿȥɣڼ㡣˵һ㣬˵мճ·Ͼʰˣ
˵˵վҲˣȥʰŰɡ
ĿбܵıӰЩɻˣ
ܼ̽ͷӣɻأˡܼҴ֣ЩĿͬɱȥӡ
꣬οǸճ׵ķޣвܵӴܼͨˣǽϣͲ찡ԽԽ
ŵĻصվ紦ŽӳæµıӰϰһӣ³óһĵãרģݶ̫䣬š
̧ţЩ֣Ļû˵ôôżߣ
Լ֮䣬ӳ۽ˣĿһҲȲӳ¿ȵŴּͣæͷһһģЩ
ϸϸۣŰÿ˸ǿֱ¶һû˵ꡣ
ӳ¿һ۾Ťͷӣû
»һ¾ҪҡȻ֪ǻϵ̲סҪ˵һǸˡӳ±죬ӻ
æ£ЩεĲᣬºͣ㣬һʲôû˵أֿڸǲסĳ硣
¶Ҳϲģ뿪֪ЩΣ£ˮʪ޷
˵ɡӳͨˣֲǳȥ̣һصĻزֻȥݼ¶ѡҲԼЩСӻˮȴѾʪĽۣһ⣬ӳ鲻ԽĴ˸¡
ҴһȥӰ§ĸȴЩЦ⣬ǲǾһᶪ㣿
һȥӳ򴽣ȥҪ죬ô£뵽ӳۣȴҲȰҪ˼뷨
ȴΪ˵ɵͣҲǻϵ˼Ҳ뿹ּ񣿡
ϹܵĿ࣬ӳƲƲ죬Цȴ§סӵЦЩ˼
߰ɣȥšӰԳһɡŽӳȥ˻
ԭɡϵȻôӳ¾ٸĽǵƣ̧ͷɡӺӡ
һºݡ
һεС˫ƽ٣һ¥¥ƿţһ۰оӣϸ˵ӣˡ
˵˲ҪԶ֣ôֲüľ̴ӹһԣùࡣ
СִϵĺοһӣӲҪ÷˿˶಻á˵ֺĿڴ˵ģҪ̧ūɻ
¶εĿһۣһ˻ۣ
Ӻͽӳ£ӵֱӴֻ̫ۣܰСѾ߸ߣźʳӡ
Ҳ֪ʲô̼һСѾߵ񫣬ſڱտھ̧뵽־ЩЦڴϵҲǱһȤζ
ӳߣĲ˵ĻվҪҪūҰ䣿
ǿŰѻŲѿӵݸš
飬ӳߺߵӡ
¶ٹǾҪȥˡţɫűھǻĽӳ£һЩᡣ
ھǣúѹ𣿵ݣǻص˽һǣü֮ҲµС
ô죬ӳ´ӣ˴ûгİ׷ͬҲЩᡣ
ӡšһʲôȥĵط𣿡
Щʱеʱ򶼻ȥĴ䣬ĴСＸǿˡпУȥ·ϵǿһЩ
ӳü룬˼־ϲɫյҸң⸽иţʮ壬ȥɣ
ü⼸յİţղ̫æͷ˵á

δ

Ǿ˵Ŷ, ӳƵһɨգ㲻Ҿñȥ
Ϊǰշӵ鹢ڻ˵Ҫȥźӵ, ںӱߵҲ, ֻܰ˺ӵƲŻ
»Щľ, ɵһ䣺´εһȥһ, Ƕô죿
Ҳܣ㲻ȥȥҡӳ², ߺߵ˵һ, ׼С
εü¶ǱھǵʱˣҲ, ˭Ļ
ֱֻ֤һ, ӳµһεİۡ
û취, ԼȢķ, ȻҪŵģӷ˶һ, 齱ŽӳһͬЪ
ա
һOO@@ӳ²鲻Ը۾Ӵ, ôô磿Ӧûô²ŶԣЩ⡣
ЩЩ㣬̽ι̵ͦıӣЩ, һҼСѾ߱˹ô죿
ӳ±űЦĿԶֿʼ
⼸˯úܾã˯ʱһˣڶҪˣˮʵţ۾˯˹ȥ
˰ӻص˿ջ˯ţɵüѡ
ӳ±֣æ±סЩۣ⼸պۣ
ʱˣӳ¿ѾĵƣЩ֣֮˯ˣ
ü̽ʣһȥ˰ɣ
⼸պæ¶ҲûúϢɵЩΣʲôʱܿٳټջȥҲûʲô
Уӳ´ŹǷЩ񣬡ھȥ
Ҳ⣬ʰһŵʱѾ쵽ʱˣϻ
ԼΪҪϦˣҲһЩǶɷɷæµһ꣬ʱЪϢˡ
ӳŸĲ̯ϣϵʧ
ԶԶţЩ⶯ĽǶȿȥˮһ壬ӳˮУӳµĲңңԡ
¶µΪһ壬һ
ӳ£ϵӳŵ
¶ڣ֣˭ȡģ
ƺҰӳӵʻתͷЩȻһ£ȻЩң˲˵𣬡ͷ£ͷ˼硣
һ紵ˮҲӰӰ´£ЩС
ӳºӿ˲ˮǮȥˣͽзǵ㡣
˲һ𣬽ӳѻ˼ҳѣ˹˵òͲȣһͨķޡ
ʱȥΧ˼̲סǣŽӳµ֣䣬š
ӳһûȥˣ˵ˮ·ʱȥģֻؾǣȲεȥʱ˺üյҪɢˡ
Щʹӳ̲ס
ü˼һͷͬˡ
Ϧвµʱ䣬ˮ·ȶҺܿ죬ȥʱ·Ͼ͵˲ʱ䣬ˮ·òվܵǣһ÷ӡ
ˮ·ձȥϵļ磬Ц⣬պٻȥΣ
û뵽ӳȴҡҡͷЩʧ䣬վ߰ɣ밢ˡ
áûٶ˵ǣһͬ˿ջ
ϴϣڱл
㿴Ŵ㣬ȥɿڿӴ˵ƹϴӣ˱§Žӳ˵
Ҫ̫õĴ̫עĿӳЩģ˵кûҪˣ϶ҲóԷ
뵽еѪˮ·һ˵绹߹ٵɡ
û˵һ˵ˣˮ·
ӵı֤ӳ²ŷģܿͳ˯ȥ
Ҳ룬Щ᲻ˮ·ƽȣڴܺú˯
һҸôУӰ¶ġ
һ磬ӾͳˣӳһʱѣʼָʰװǴĶȻ࣬ǻ϶ǴԴ鷳
ӳæŲʰãȿڲĹ򣬲žЩᱳʹ
⼸ˣӳüЩûдѩݱ׹
̤ϼӳ¥Ϳϲ¥ӭסЩεİ¥
ôˣӹţ£̫ۣòš
㡣ӳЩƤЦţд
ûнӻתȴЩ˷ܵĶ˵˽յļţĩ˲˵²£Ĵ˭
ӳȴüӾȻһ
ӣЩΣնģô̲ס˵ˣɤӣ˵Ȳ²¡
Ҳ¡ӳ뿪Ļ˵
ڽݵˣֻԹԵ˵ȥ˵Ҳɣȥɿڣһ۾ͿһһԺ죬ڽʱ۵ӡ
Ҳϳպлû⡣Ͼż·˸ҹӣ˭Ǯɽˮһļϣ¾Ͷ
ӳҲЩˣû뵽ݻڽʶˡϸ˵ĳ࣬ӳȴЩǲˣϾֻŽѵпտ˳Ǻģ
֪á
ŰɣպúЪϢʱӿãͲٶԡ
ӳ¹ԹԵͷţݲǸ฻ĵĵطӦҲ໪ڴӳ±۾
ֻǵڶյ˶ɿ˴ȴǰľɵˡ
濴ƽƽ棬֮ܳΪȻ˴ŷֱж죬̶ȲκһӺӶճסһ㣬ŲֺзˣڲҲΡȻ
ӳ³ӿȥӳ¶һЦ˵ûƭɣ
ȷʵûƭӳĵͷֻ⻭϶ơٿһȻģⷿĽ鱦ûٹܣŹеǮ
ſӳ߲ŷԼʧȥɡȴ˵أûټ֣ȵϣſ
δ𣿡ΪԷһǶһ䡣
ӳ룬СʱͰһͬȥľۣǲδġҡҡͷ£˵С֡
˳£ι˷
𡭡ӳҿЩߣԼ
ʲôֻˡһƽĻͳɤһ˵Ӳýӳһ˼
ûü˵ӻɤüľŴ˵һҪˣŵýӳæԹá
ʲôӿϵľЦ
ˮźľ崫ҲЩѹӳºſڴϣ̵ĺˮһһ
㿴Ҳδɡһʱʱ򣬽ӳµĿӡ
һ飬Цſɵ·󣬲ų֣Կġ
ӳСĵķŴ˼ǰżܿζθȴһӿüǿܣſҪԣȴŻ
æıܿŵԶԶģüδˣ
ôδ
ӳŻȴҲû˵òܿζʧˣЩãȻôˣ



Ż˰, ӳ²ŽԼδʵ
ãȻһܿµĳ嶯æܿõ, ֻ
¶, , ǵһɿšüҰ׵С, Щۡ
ӳȴЩᣬȻθЩ, ָоһһ, Ϊڴŵܿζ
˼ˣӳ±ӰĵĶùվԭһӦһͶ̵, 㶹ơõֺ, Ե֡
ӳһŹȥ, ȴֻ㶹Ƶζ¡
ӲСһ, Щɰûü˵ӳֿʼŻ
һ㶹, æ㶹ÿ˸ıֱӿķ羰
źһЩ, ӳӲǣԼЩ֡
в֪ˮˮϣʱһ߿Ľǵ׽סһ
ſ, ӳºȻıһ²ˣ֪Сèûд
ԽԽؼˣһɿڣᵽ߹ٵʱ򣬽ӳնľܾˡֻŲ˸ֶӵζѣֲδ
ӿ֣Ҳֻͬˡ
˰ɿͣӳ²ߵװϣŲԶϡĵƻﻹСͯڵϱ
ٿϵ׺ĺɫСȻҲ
һӴ̽߳һϣӵһͬǵĵƻ
¶ҹĵһڡͳڼžҹǻŨ⡣
ǽӳһȴɷ羰ҡҡͷͷϵǣڣǰڡ
Ĵûӳʹǰ飬Ϊ棬ӲҲкʱµǽӳЩܡ
ȻҲûҪ̽˼
ǰôΣӰѻ§ĸȨ
ӳȴֿ˿ڣʱҰ˵ŹֻԼڶ¼ţãȥһ
֮գҶһȻ㱻ܼҽߣһ˻ȥ
Ҷˣûȥ
ӳ¿ӣеӳŷǵ㣬ʱףһ᲻Ӧ㣿
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷᶨ˵һ䲻ᡣ
ӳ켫ˣô֪ģʱȷʵֻо£ɾ±ͬ顣
˵ףʱӲһϵֳڸ룬ӳºȻǹ¶ģȻӴδǰֳһ棬֪
һ¶ˣֻͬ顣
ˣȥɡûнͣ£Ķ񣬴һ˴ա
ԷӰָ浽Щۣ֪Լ硣
ӳ´ǰĻ˵仰ȴЦһֱҡ
ǰǽ֮£һֱһֱ
Ӱַϣһ£ȴҲ᲻÷ſ
һӣڽӳˣҺҲ֮¡
ţʻ˶СĴϣŻҡ
֯һһ𣬽ӳºȻԼһǣһƮƮûоͷ
ӼᣬֻҴŪһαɾˡ
ӳ¶ܾԼЩ֣ӳȥĹ򣬹˲ɬϸϸĸһǶȴʧˡ
ǴС֣ӳ°ЦԼ
ôˣӷ˶ձ۰Ľް뿿ڴɵɵ㶵ģִһǡȴҲһ˲˯¡
磬ӳ²ѹ֪ģҲûǿ𴲣һһӣԼȡ
ӳ۾û˵Ӿ͡һն󶯾Ƕİɣ
Ӽˣȥ˷ˣʱӳҲϴˣһͬš
⼸գθƺáӺܿԺˣӳ´á
ӳ°ķȥϸ룬ƺȷʵԴ˴ԵĶˣƸˡ
Լ̫˷˰ɡӳû⣬ͷ
ӼȻ֪µģҡͷʧЦȥˡ
ӳȴЩζͬɫʼ⼸ȷʵĽ
˯ȻŻ£֮θڱ󣬻жƸС뻳еۣûŻµ֢״Ķһ
ϲ˰ɡӳ͵͵Ƴһӣջһ᲻ʲôӰ죿
Ҳûд˵ǿջϲһǵҲŽţòʧ
תһ룬ˣ׻꣬ôôˣ
Σϵˣһô죬⼸յøСĲǡ
¶ԺҪҪȥ
Ӱϸϸ⼸ǳ˯˯˳ԣɫǰˣȻҲԲ˲١
ĵͷȥ꣬¶һСˣһȻЩ⡣
СӾ굽ʮ꣬ٵһꡣ
ӳĴ˸Ƿȥˣ˷ˡ
üѣЩɻʵ⼸˯̫ãոҳȥߡ
ӳȴȻƢ˵˲ȥҪȥԼȥ
˵Ͱѱסͷһ۾˯ˡ
㶵ĿƢǵЦȴƲסˡȥ϶ǸƢ
ƢҲܱЩǧƪһɵľǹŮãӰƬ̣ȻҲ
˹գٽˡ
ӳ¾Ҳ˯ˣӾҪȥװ棬ֻӦȥװ
һ㣬סڵڶ㣬ƽҲ˹̧ͷҲͿǡ
ӱ£磬һϣһϡ
ӳ¿ԼܵģЩȣƫƫӻˣҲֻսӵ֣ԴʾֺȣҪôѡ
ȴ¶ȻҪĶһֲŻȣֻϲɵðյø
¶СǲǾ⼸գһ䣬Ҵá
ӳһ£ε⼸ϳԵĶ˯ö࣬Ҫټա
üȴҲͷ⼸ȷʵһЩƳҲпԭ
ӳ¼ͷһʵѾԤУֻǻ̫ȷڸӻ̫硣
ӳƳһۣЩ⣬Ҫӣֻǰ̥ҪҲҪ
һ·϶Ƿƽ˾˵հһڵִ˾뾩ĶɿڣۿžҪڣ˲ҵ飬æȥվ
ûٰѶóպ˯һҹã߽Сֲίó˺ȥ˯ȡ
ڱ˯ڴϣȴȻȥһգݶϿȴСķ죬˻û˯Ľӳ¡
ǶһͬݶϿʱ⡣
ʱʲôأʱ֪䰮һˡ
ӲС˯գ绶ϲСߣԺ󻹻ͷϡ
뵽˴ͿƲסԼǻ⣬ӡһǣ˯˵Ҫ֡ӵˡ
ţˡЦסҶС֣۾




ɫ֮, ӳˣվڴԵˣæȥ
˯ô磬ôѵôЩԹ, ڶȴų硣
ӳ»Щ, ʶС, ŶЦһЦ
磬ʲôʱ
š
ʵԤƵĳʱѾ˰ʱ, 治ɫİѡ
ͷбӳ¿ڲãĺɫеľ, ȻЩ
ԭϲĲǽ, ǾǣΪǵֽԣǰĴ硣
һʮֵ͵Ź, Ӳڳ, ԰ѽӳ±, Ȼȥ
ӳ֪Ҫȥʹһ, û˵ʲôĴùϵãĿԶ
, ȥɡγûиȥǹȰӳ»Ժӡ
ߵԺȻѩ, ӳţȻЩһ·϶죬Ȼӵѡ
, ЩߣѩҪ´ˣԶԶĴݱ׵ǸżæŵӣҪߡ
ѩͶγ󣬽ӳ»عͷһۣѩ౾Ļţæܿˡ
ӳ´һЦֿԱððʧʧݱףôûѡ
ݱ׽һģԵæص˿Щ߰ɣһЩҪЬ඼Ҫʪ͸ˣ
ӳ¿ŻƮµѩɵҡͷʧЦ
ıݱ˵ˣѩһգ˳Ϧǰһ죬ſͣ
ӳů紺ůһ飬һֱӣЩ룬ʶһ۶ӡ
ӸպýЩȰ΢ЦȻס¶ɵ˲ɣ
վ紦ӳæķ飬ֽ
ҡҡͷںأһȽϺáӳȴȲ齾˵ͷЦ
ͷЩǸ˵⼸̫æûкú㡣
ûϵˣӳµû⣬⼸ڹͻʹͷܣϻͷ˯
ǲæϲʵֶأȻһһޣǱסˡ
ôأӳ¿޼ɵЩ硣
»ûŵʱ£һ䡣Ѿ߰ˣ¶СƺЩ̫ˡ
ʶԣɫЩأһ̫ҽ
ӳæҡͷ˼תܿ˽ڣϹˣڶ鷳̫ҽ˵ɡ
һҲǣЪ˼˵һ䣺Ҹ
ӳ򴽣ڳϦոһϲǸôܾأ
Щɫӳ¼װʧ䣬ҡͷܾˣһƭԼأһûСޣǿջϲһ
ʧЦûǿúóԷ
ʱҪȥһԳǲøŸĸġ£һ䡣
áӳҧһҪ󣬡ҪԼԣ㲻
ЦãҲҪ鷿һصҡ
ӻҪæȻ˽Σӳȴûһʧ䡣Ӧʱ֮ǰͻط
ӳŲ鲻Ըĵͷ
ѩҹǺӳһʱԺɢȥͽӳһͬѩ÷ʱЩʱŮ¡
ƶҲҪˣӳ»Ȼ֮䣬ʱĸһЩ
ǵŹҲ÷ģɵȤС÷԰ġ
С˴ˣЩԶӳ룬Ǿȥ˵ӵףҲ÷ģԹƷ÷ô꣬Ӧø˰ɡ
ӳȹߣ֨֨һһ޻ϡ
ò÷԰ӳȫȻѾʪЬ࣬÷԰
÷԰ܽгֵƷϳмûмģ֪ʲôƷ֡ļ׼ȥĵ伮
ȻŵϤıˮӳ÷ۼ֦ȴ־ûǿãˣʱӿɵ
ӳվԭЦһżǰߡ
ȻһѴϣӳ»ͷȴӹˡ˶ûһЦһǰһǰߡ
Ӹ棬µķٺͼõİȹ꣬ȻҲһ˿ķϡ
ӿǰס
¶áӱ۾һ֣÷磬ȴԽӳϵζУ
ӳתִ§ϣһ䡰æ𣿡
ӵͷͳҪҪȥ
ӳ¿һ֦ͷŵ÷ŵͷԺɣ÷һֱ
뵽Щ꣬ӵ׻һǺܺõϱɡ
صӰЬ࣬ŷЬѾʪˣɵЩڳһԲĿ
ӳ಻İͷתһߣȴ˵ʲôػԸ˶ˮ
ջԳ𣿡ӳһԿȥÿһƷھ˵ĳŽ壬ǻ
ӳ¿ۣǾһԣһҪЦ󷽡
ϳӿ˿ȻЩŭǸʮСͷȴӳһĵһƷھˣҵСӡ
ҡͷĻЦ
ӳ°ѳСĵĹҺã˴齣ı۾һ䣺ҺҲ˯ɡ
ӱʲôͷ˯Ҳֻʣˡ
տ϶Ź㣬շתߣҧ
һ磬ӳǱѵġ
ճϦôҪæС棬ҲЩ⶯
ѾܾûЩˣϴλǺһģѵһ٣ҲЪ˼
ǹˣӦû˻˰ɣ
ƣӲڣӳ±ԸСȥü
С˻飬Ƽ²ģװӦˣȴɿȥӹ
ӳѩվƬ̣ȴӣɵЩйտ϶治ˡ
Ӱһߣͺһ֡ŵýӳֲֻֻôӦһΡ
ӳȵĵ˸ȴЩţһ͸æӵԶԶġ
ӿľְЦСԵ˼ӳ಻žžЩա
ʱ֣ҪˣӺһһ·ʹ
˺Ҫֿˣӵ˼䡣
ʱз˹Ů»ķޣ֮֮ӳȴû⣬ֱ˽ȥ
սȥͿۣͦµĶӣžˣԭģ֡
ԥ˵һǹˣһǳãĸǰͽˡǿʮĹҲûʲôܲܶСİɡ
ҲУ˵һſʼ
ŮǹλߵǺó˼ôʱ俴ӳ»Щ㱡
޷Ǿǿ裬Ҳǰ䲻ȵġӳĵĽһûһ˵ż˼ٱҲЦŵͷ
ŸλϵĽ㣬ЩĽӳ£˵ǲǹرã
Űɡӳ»λαĲ裬ЩĲɡ
ۻû˵λϵǾͿˣ޷ǾЩ˵˵ĳ滰ӳţεȥˡ

ϲ

뿪, ϸˡ˶í˾Ĵ߶ӳӵȣ˵һϯȥˡ
ӳվڴǰŲŵ̻, ΢ЩʧԺ, ӵĵһڡ
ֻǹ绹δ, ʱ棬ܲܺһͬˡ
ڵķ, ûһȻ
ԶģģһӰӳգգ, ȻǵӰеӡ
Գ, һϤ֣ӳ¾ȵٴοȥû뵽ӡ
˵Ŀ, ӳ̨׾Ҫ, ȴֹ˼ԼĶ, ܵһͣ, Цſ߽
ͨС˵Ҫ㡣
ӳЩɻ󣬺ö˶˵, ϼʲôӿ㶵ģһߴߣһǲǵһλڹӡ
ӳšü, ͷǵλӣЩ֡ϸ룬ųȥģ˵ֻлʼҵ˲ߡ
ԭΪλү, ӿˣ϶ǻˣ
ӳŻȻĵͷֲջϵô֣Ǵûмֹ߳ŮӰɡ
ӵûжൣģ϶¶Ǻ档
ǷҪʸݣӵĸǻϵĻ游ã˵ҲǻϵĴӱˡ¶޸ǻϵĴӱãȻԶףҲӦȥݼġ
谲ӳĿбӣͷƳӵҲ໹һɫװŮӣ֪ǻϵλɡ
ɣƺܺã߼˵֣ЩƣⲻǸ𣿡
ӳ²̧ŷŵ˼ոڹ壬ڴսˣŷױݾ£΢Ĵǡôĺչֵ쾡¡
ֲûϻӳ°룬ǻϣҲԸΪ˼һǧֻΪһЦ
ˣϲö࿴һǽİɣȥ档
һݸӳһĵųȥ
˼עԶŷɼ̨׺ͽӳһһƵݸ
ӳæҡͷܺȾơ˼ҲûǿԼһݸһЦ㣬˻ϡ
ӳЩ죬Ӧüá
˼ڹôЩ꣬һ۾֪ʲôãʲô
˵ĻǻǴЦ˵һ޹ص顣
սʵûʲô֦ͷ˵ϣǳһССˣû뵽гꡣ
ļ£һ˶˵ӳ²֪ôοʵ϶𣿡
˼һʮˣϴǲͬġͷȴްϲɬ
ӳĵһ̾Ϣץסְο̫ˣϱȻϲģȻи˼֣Щ鲢ܶ˼
˼ͷ룬ƺôչЦա
ӳЦź˵˵£ϲˣӳƲվҪޣ˼ţЩЩңԶˡ
ӳ»һȦȴ谲ȻһԤУԺܵϺλġ
˵󣬽ӳ磬˼Ƭ̣˼Ȩ֪µģһֲĺ˵ˡ
˼һЦóԵͷսȭͷֹʱ۸ʱ
̫ҽˡ˼ĴŮͷ˹
ɣ˵һ䣬˼תͷЩǸĳӳ˵˽Ҫƽˣ¶ɡ
ӳ¿ԶԼƽ̯Сղײգ򴽳˼ȥ
ү䣬ҪҪȥȣͳˣһԲվ⡣һԵĹȥһ䡣
ˡӾܾĺ⣬ˡ
ֿʼƮѩֽסǶѩڵԼˮֵ̨ϡ
ӿһůĹԴӳճӳ½СӰͷһů
Ƭ̣ǵӰõ뿪˴ӡ
ӳСĵĿ̨ףôҲղ˵Ц⣬̧һ۾Ϳվڽϣ۾һգգĿֳ֣ô˻ϲ
ӳ°ֵݸƤҡͷ°ǵȻظ֮˵ɡ
ѽѩüĽӡһֱѵš
صϤŹӳ±ϣææµµԶˮЬ࣬һˮ²ŰĽŷŵˮ
磬ӳ̲סһ
ôˣ
ûѽ
ЦЦͷϴţˮ΢е̣ӳܵı۾һ˺ü硱û˿ĲͷÿζӦ
磬ӳ̲סЦһֱӵ䣬˵ڵĻϲ
סԺըһ̻һͣòЩãȻ˵ʲô
˵һӵķӦȡӳЦŵڴϣˮһ
ûйʪ͸ѣʸףһ۶ֲ֡վԭ˺üȦų齰ס¶Ľš
ӳһãȻĿӦʻж
̫ˣѡӵŲϱӣ˼αӶ
ӳȤĿӣ磬ĻˡգգۣѵΪƭ
Ѿ̫ҽƹˣԲ̣ɡ
ӴսĴǻİⶼݸĶӣŵĲ֪ô졣
ӳЦ뿪û뵽ҲлҵʱӲ֣ԼĶӣ㿴ܹԵġ
סȫ񶼱һȵĵطռݣ̽Ŷ˶Щţ¶ĶȻһС
¶ĺӣ뵽˴Ʋסĵļ˵ôӣǼȻˣȻ֮µĽˡ
ӳ¿һ۵©ҪʱˣæҪµأ磬뿴̻
Ŀһۣűȵİڴ¡
ʱҲͬʱ죬ӳ̧ͷ̻ҹţصҲһһ
ӲͷŽӳµ۾ǿպ̻ĵӰһﶼҪҲֵеá
Щãַϡ
ӵͷڽӳ¼ձӡһǡ¶ǵĵһڡ
԰Ժкööڡ
㲻Ҫ£ЩҰӶȥˣԺ㡣
ӳתףеǿպ̻ĵӰ
Ŀԣ˴İʡ
СĶӣ¶˵Ĵڡ
ϵĵģͷ˼һˣһЯ߹һ                        
лҪ˵ĵͽ~
ҵĵһ£ûеسûпɸֻϸˮ
ȥҾûã쿪ʼŷ⣬гճдЦӵıǰд߿ޣ
һ仰ףϣСɰǲҪȡŶǵÿһղغ۶ҵĶ
±дġ١ڴǵٴ~
İ
ʱĸ˫ľھ˾˼ҡ
ʮİٳԽˮ飬ȴҪ͸ҵɵ檡
ٵӣƴץסףʾһݣ޸
ףʾûûǮסéݣһ໴ļŮҲˡ
ڿҿҹСӣȴһﲻ߷ڳ￪ҽݡ
ļŮǾй˵ǧ
侮ʯˣ
ٵ̫˰ɣڰͽỹü
еǮȴ֪Щ½Ƕûͱףʾ˳ȥ
ˣ޶ˣ
*
ףʾʱҲǱġ
Ͷ·ʱȢš
̲ס뻳УҪģ˫ַ
ʳָϡ
1.Ů
2.ĬԻβ̰ԻxڼּҽСũŮ
3.1V1 sc 
4.ϸˮģܿա

һ

Դӵ֪ӳ»еϢ, Ӿ硣
һߵһʬһ߱ŷĺģӾԼ˶Ҫʧˡ
۽ӳ£Եĺ˯ú, żŻ, ûκβӦ
, ҪӰµĳգӺȻܺ, ӳ°ѱõĻ̲ס˳
ӽŵĶĶӿһۣƬ, ³֣һͺá
Ҳ¶ˡ
Ůô죿ӳü, Ժһȥ磬Ůûпɽô죿
ҧҧǾ
һڶ̥ҲŮ

Ǿ
һ
ûһ, Ӻһ, ס, Ҫ˼롣
˵˵, ȴʼ˼һһ̥Ůǿ϶ҪӸŮɽ˳̳й
ǶǾò, Ժˣ¶Ҳ
뵽˴ӶݺݵĶŶӿһ, 㳤˿϶ʰ㡣
ӳ¿ӵüͷչ֪ʲô͵͵Ц
Ӱ, Ҵñ˯ӳµͷĹ˯ˣͽȥշתߡ
ӺŮ
̥ܿӾͷʵʵ뷨¶Ǹࡣ
ӿһ˯Ĵ׼ף̾һ
ӳ»а˸µʱ򣬶Ѿܴˣÿγ극߼˵
ٽڣȴûĿʼ־ʮ꣬һѲһʬ
ӴʱȴɵİĸҲѾԤˣů͵źӳˡ
ӳ¿侲ԳֵģҲģÿյȤǺһСһ֣ϧҲûһġ
һĹȥӳ»еĵھŸУСһڰ಻סҪˡ
ӼҪڽӳߣ˶ûޣϰȰ
˲֪ãһĽкδ䣬һҲ
￩һҲʲôĻֱӳµĴͷ
ϲүǸǧ𣡡űǧӴҴƳһۣ͵һ䡰͡ͷصĽ˲
Ҳһүֵôƽ˺СǧӲù
ϧŲ´ˣ˺ǧӹأ
˳Ͳ˵ˣι̣ү˵ͬˡ
⡭
뿴ֵ˷׷࣬ι̵Ĺˣ
ƫƫӳ¾ôˣԤֻٵʱŰιأǧɲϲ֣Ӻһģһӱöˡ
ӣǧҲˣһҲ벻ʲôıŮһֱûʲô¶ǽӳһȡһСж
˵Ҳ֣żֶζȴҪ޲һٶԡǶѿ˻ӳֻʹ˺̵Ķ
ΪСۼˡӳ󶹶СɰӣϾҪŷ֡
ʱ򳤵ó󣬽ӳ¿һ۾Ͳٿȴ˵ǸӣŰ֡
ʱӳ»Ϊ⣬û뵽ӣСˣ۾Ҳġ
Ҳϸƹˣ˵۾պ϶һСˡ
ӳ¶˵ЩѾֲˣﻹ̵ģոһ
ȻżиһΣΪ˲⣬Ǿܾˡ
Ӳͦһ꣬ӳ¶Щܲסˣӻ̡
Ѷྫˣظ֤Сӿ϶޲֣ǵýӳº޲ýŵĨߡ
ǿǰάס󣬽ӳ̵ȥԡˡ
ϴһ룬Ȼѹ׵Сӣϴ˹ϷţԿ׿͵͵Ŀ
ٿַ꣬ٵİСӷӳסͨȻԼҪ˯ˡ
ʱӻˣӳţһݡ
һĪĿıӰܳһǿƽﰵ룬Ҫٵȼ졣
ϴ֮ĴӳµӰӿѾϵĺɫȻѾ˯ˡ
ѲĽӷŵԭӣǰһĻȴס˺
ӳ´űɴ£ڴϣɵһ򵥵ţʹ۾飬ëȴΡΡģŴ
й̧۾˵ĻˮҪЪ𣿡
ͰѬһӵĺ˼֣Ŀۣűѥӡ
һ˫޹ǵСĲӣѹһƬʪȵĺǿżǣ˯
˯šӳŤŤӣﻹ˼ί
Ļһϣֺ
˯žҪ飬һԷʲô飬ƺԶ
һѹͷĻ𣬰Щȼմһ
ֱñӰڱϺͽӳ˵Һ˯
ӳٽ˿Ŀ粻ʲô𣿡
ټװӳЦĵȴЦԺɣ
Ӹ˺һŻȻһͷ壿ȥ̹
ӳһסݺݵ˵ȥҾ͸ȥҸˣ
ε˻ȥʶòź˵¶Ҳ룬ճ죬ҡ
¶²ɶ̼죬Ҳպܿࡣ
ԱߵĻƿӣ¶毺õߣҾ˯㲻ҸǱӡ
Ǿ£ǲ䲻ȵʱ򡣵ճӣ庮һԲİѱӴӴβ˹
Ϊȡ֣Уñ
תһĻȴӵ˲߽⡣
ӳ°ҧֳɴ£һƬ¶죬ӵĿⶨס޷˵һ֡
۾һգգĵŽӳһȴ͵£סѣһ˲ɢ
һ˲ںԥȥӳȴ˫ƾűŭȫȾ˷ɫ
ӸɴȨַϣӳҧǡһͷӵĲϣһ顣
˵ĺֽ֯һĴҪ
ӲظϣӷӵǰĦļһƬ£ӳܲסӣȴǸϲ˵ӡ
Ӻأ״ķŽȥóͷ飬Ҳ̲סˡ
ϴֱܿɳɳڸǡ
´Ҵҹȥ´Ķ֣֪
Ҳǽӳȡģϵǹֻһǣ׽ˣȴѶ
ӳµȲжСô죿
˵ֵ֪ʱգǿԼҹŮǿͬˡ
֪ӳŲ˹עС֪һ۾ԹԵĿԼָ˿Ϊ֮
Ҳһϻӳ°ЦᶺŮû뵽С֪ȴĿתĸӵƶ
ӳЩܵĿ⸸ŮһҪһһĵĶӡ
ڽӳµ뷨޿޲ɣһŮѾˡʱ룬һŮҲЭŮŹ
żﲻ˸С𣬹꿴ƷУһѡ
ӳԭ뷨֮ԱǣӾˣˮִϻ۵ŮҲЩĶˡ
ǲɵǣС֪ץʽϣˡ
֪ץ֣ӺͽӳһЦ˶Ƕڽݵʱ⡣
һԵ˶ǰأ˵С֪пڸպȻǸʱֵˣίԼ
Ӷ˵ǺãС֪ף࣬Ķһүļӣ
һע⣬С֪ĲӣӳæÿŵֵζȻŻ
ָо̫ϤˣӷӦæסС֪ţŮü
оķһ۾˳Ź͹˫ϲš
һŻȻԭ¶ϲˣ
˺ͱֿͣ˻λʱŵĶʱҪࡣ
ٺ˽ӳ£ӱС֪˵һˣʱѧ˵ˡ
ӳ¿ĲֺĸŮЩͷۡС֪ѧκ˵Сߵıġ
һСģͰС֪ɸݵӡ
ڴһӳ²žܵĸоȥˣµأӱС֪ˡ
˳ĶС֪˵ٽһ
С֪գźͽӳһģһ۾ĽӳҲ̲סڣŮۣ

۵ͯС֪ﺰʶظȴýӳ˲ᡣ
ιСһ꣬һرˡ뵽ӳתת۾С֪˵
С֪ãȻĿһףڴȥͨ죬ſ˵һ֣ΡΡ
ӳһЦû뵽ӾȻС֪Ⱥ
ЩĿŽӳ£ɣɣǼˡ
С֪˿Ļֵ֣˶
ӳ½ͷȥˡ
¿ɫüǲǲ
ûаӳЦŰַСİɣҲǶӡ
ҲŮҪһģһ¶á
ӳסˣɵɵĹ𣿡
ȻǳĹģӳС֪ͷ͵Ů
ϧλʧˡ
ӳһ̥̫˳û뵽ƽƽĵ˲ȴЩۡ
̫ȵңڼ䲻֪˳Ѫˮ
ӱſС֪ȵĽϤ޺ĸӾС֪ﻳ˲
С֪ãȻĿԼҵԶȥıӰȻԼҪʧˡ
ĵܵûᣬһ۾Ͷﻳ۴ޣϲģ
һǽ֮ӱŽӳһۣĶӶûһۣͱŮ˸ͨѹ
Сһȡ֪ԭȡ֪uΪ˺С֪䣬ȡˡ֡
ͨuҲ
ζȰۣӳͱˣҡͷҲˣһĿҲˡ
ֻԽԽħĽ֪һģ̳֪ӳ¾ĺûһġ
˳ú񣬻ĵ
ǵ⣬ǣŮֱӣô
ֵֻ꣬ˡ
㲻úö飬ֻܵϲ顣˷ӵĻҪȥʰ
ǶϽ۾ӵҲֻʣЦ⡣
Ⱳӣڽӳˡֻһ˫һģһ۾Ҳ̿
ԭվһнŲУ档
ʮĽӳµͷȹʰ׶ϣ̧ͷЦϲķʳУ˽
棬׺ò֪ס۾͵͵ָ쿴ǡ׸ãԺĸҵĸҲôã
Զ֪˳̵ľ͵Ľʳ￴һۣʣʲô
֪֣֪һι֪͵һȻһĵף͵͵Ц
ĸѾˣ־ǵ׵Ķ
ӳӼϣͷʱһ磬Ҳԡ
Ҳһ




, ĽѾˡС˲ΡΡһǰ¡
ǰɡǰѹµĳû̧ͷ
СЩȴֹĽŲҶҾЩЦ, ֲʲô˵, ôң
Ц
, Ҿǳ˲¹ͷְա
ǸСҵڶǵ۾, ԲԲۣβȴ΢΢, ԵЩġҵĵһ, µĲУ˫Բ۾͵͵Ŀҡ
۾ǲزסĿ־塣
ҳú¹ô, ʱ, 鲻ԽԼ, ôҲŭɡ
ŽѾƾɵĽ, ֿʼǶڽݵʱ⡣
ǸСĺ֡
Լ, ȻôҡʱҺţΪѡ
лദˣһڻ԰˺Һܸ, һƼң۾ﻹǲź£鲻Խ˺󼸲, һۡ
䣿ҵͷ˿ֻһѽѣҵʱҵҺϲһֱϣﻹҡ
룬ֺԶԶҸһżæŵˡ
ĽЩͷԡ
һСѣҶԼ˵еϲңһ
һЩʧ䣬ϲҾˣȻҡ
ӾеĹţһõطҺϲ
ǸСȻңһжá
˲Ԫգûг棬ֻ˶γһݺһ֧ѵõϺëʣʿӦöϲЩɣû̫⡣
ǸСʱȴ벻Ͳ˰ɣҺ졣
Ǻһˣһ֧Ҿúܳ
Ҵû˰ɣϾôңЫ
ҲȥˣЩؾˣĸһȥҾֻܴ֮ⷽء
Щᷳطˡ
붬ˣҹӣո룬û뵽μĸ˵ⱲֵˣҲû
Һܸˣݺһεĸʱ򻹶뷹ҲǶģϾ˯һա
һţĸ϶ˣվͻһȥ
Խ˵ýӳҵãҲܸ˵ͬˡսҾͻȥǣϵŹҲǽҰˡ
ֻǸСҵãȻ׽ҡ
μĸĵգյ˾š
ȲĲ𿪣֪ĸŵجġ
ұʲôˣ˽ݣ·ƥƥҼǲˡ
ڻصˣҾȻŸɵһ졣
ҹãûжҲûжûһᣬѪ
Ҳ֪
ǰսҸγϣȴһᶼû
ĸ˵ж᲻ᵯʱϣ
Ƕûпޡ
ھǵӱڽݸѰˣдţ£ķһһ죬Ψһûлķϵģϰ䡣
һ꣬˾٣լҵģչһ꣬ҵʲô
һԴȥԱ;˳졣
ҵǸСײţûмϵãҲҪܻһµġ
꣬սȼ͢Ȼ˿ãô̡
Ҵȥˣ絹Ǻܸ˵ӣʮ꣬״ϣ緢
ʱʮҰ뿪Ц˵Ҫ̫ƴһҪء
벻ģأսģ㲻һҵ
صһҵļ磬Щο
Ȼʹˣ֮ǰѹ֮λҡ
û̫ģһʮȻֱȡо׼
ϣһ꣬ʤ̣׼ʦسϢǣǶΪܳһλս񽾰
ֻŴĺۣҲˡ
Ǵˡ
ڵо͵Ϯͬ飬ûаѵоɱ꣬һСˡ
û⣬ٽǶˡ
зϢҪر߽Ҳܱ¶ˣȻҵĹү
Ĺ¼ҹˡ
ǹ׼һ꽫ûûҹϰ䣬оű
ڣӭһλĿˣӳ¡
Ҹմӻʹܼ˵λͣҺü⼸ȻҲΣṳ̂
ʮˣˡ
Ұӭ˵⡣
Ҳ䲻ĳɫĹ۲۾û⣬ҷģһڲ衣
ܼԶ˸ֵģҾЩСҲûų˼飬ע⵽ƺϲһûĵģˡ
Ҳûʲô£ǽĸģ¹壬˵˵
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