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ũҽŮƼӡ
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1±

ش³ɽһСׯǴҪȥϣɽ·Ҳһʱ䡣
ɽеĶʮ˼ҹŰԻֵصˣܶ˼ɲ±ΪŮѡϣҼһȽأܶ˼ҶһŮһ˼ңǾл뿪ʮɽ
ɪɪͰƾɵéǰɱλԼĪʮһһҵЮţվڹǰĴĸϡ
ɫааϵĲһһкܶطѾϴ÷ף˿̵ϼŵָŹ˵ҹͬⲻͬ⣬Ļ¾͸
ţѾɢң־Ŀĵĸ㣬㲻ҪҼ޸Ա⣬ҴӦһ飬׬ǮλȢޡǰΪһȥһֱҰˣҩѶգĸϻĿŵİֵǮ
ĻҲ䵽үү̺ʹĸͷϣүүһֱһˣȥүү̶ûһۡ
һʱϸɽЩý߶Ƶ
һֱΪֻҪԼһ㣬ȵͺһ˼ҼҲǽˣû뵽ջǰ̴ͷϣȻҪǳԱ⡣
ͰƵԺ棬վźܶ࿴ֵĴˣЩû˭һ£֪ΪҲûԸͷ뵽ԼﻹʱʱˣΪԼﲻֵãǰôĺ£һȺǣЩ˻ֻԹֻۣվһԿЦ
ΪľͷԱѾ̸ֻҪѹ͹ȥԱ͸ӣͿԸ˵һ£ȻҲ֪ԱЩ̬ĥŮҲλˣԱܴǰǮЩŮӣЩŮӾˣŮӵļҲţԱմ˼ҲǺö˶˵ģⲢĵġ
˿̵ֻѹϵԱңҲ׵ϣҲǱ˹ɣϾ֮ǰҲܼӡ
ɽŹɵֱۣɫеģֻʱȥⴥɵأùɸŭҲ
û뵽ɽ޳ܴɽ
žصһ˹ɵϣɽ˦˦Щľ֣һ۹ֵѾͷ޸˭͹Թ޸˭ʵ˵ˣ嶫ͷѾˣҪһӵƸֻҪҾͿȢˣҪֻɡ
÷ۣҧһһҾҲŹǡ
Ц컨׹ɽĵĿһ۹ɣ㻹Ź֮˵˸ˣǱġ
ɵд˾֣ǲŵʵ㣬˵ʲô
һƿɽϲַŭȴı飬ĥž߹ʵ飬Ҳ޿κΣֻҪѹ͵Աңɳһ˫Ҳɲ
ŤߵǰѹЦﲻʶôŰ׻ӲҪȻҪߣԱȻõ£ֻҪ޹ȥԱеõһôԺһӣֻڤ粻飬Ȼġ
һ˲ùʧȥǣȻйϵȻҲԣȴõˣһҲ̫ɥҲŹǣ
һһץסϵͷżеҪɱǣҪɱǡ
ɽ͹СɽǰץסϵͷԴͬɱļ
ɽ͹Сɽֲɣ㿪ʼŹɱܵ϶ܣĸӣүү̣Ҳ˴Щûζˡ
ʱܹһҪһҪĸӶж񱨣һԼȥһҪ뿪鵭ĵط
Ժ⴫һУֻоԼźʲôסԼץϵͷоԼ׹ڱˮУ֮ǰԺлŸһҸӣ޾ĳޣһɲǣֻһͷҪһǼصޣ
ѣɻҩе
ɻͷЩʹ۱͸éݷϤ


2¾Υů

𣿡ɳƵʵһˣҪȻôῴȥϡ
ؿڵǿʯͷڷ£ΪЦɵôӦԺŴȥ棬㲻ˮһβҺһԵ￳ҪʲôҲȥˡ
İѹɷ˿̵Ĺ𾪲УϵĴܵůԽᵽǰʵҲǰһ߲ǽûһļҾߣéݵݶҲеʧޡ
Ȼǵȥǰһ꣬ͬĺȥβ߼ϣȻʧˮ£ѵѵˣǰ˵˵һЩĹ£ֻΪƭ˵ġ
ҽˣЩѹֲеļ̧ͷϡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ŹɵĶͷЩģûȰûоﲻ
ҡͷοҪ֪𰸣֪е죬ȲҪ֤ԼĲ롣
ϰŰɣϾɶԼˣʵǵʲô֢ɾͷܺûʲôϣԼǶˣ⺢ôԼ궼ˣڹһʮҲǴˡ˵ЦˣԼĺӳɳҸ¡
ʮ꣬ļˣ֪Լˣ쿪۰лػһгˣԺúТ
ɼҪ´ȴϰ˴ϣ⺢ӲͿʼQˣҩ˸Ͻ˯һҲȵ˵
ϽԹúůŴִ룬üͷںҩǵǰȣȰþòŰҩ£ڵֻ벻׵ģͷֱӰһҩһ
ϽӹеοúϢȥĸҽ㲹ӣһҲ˾š
һĸһĨޣĸ֣ʵ¿ʼĸһҾʹѹǼңȥϽôһλʱ͵ûĸĸ趫ĹأȻרΪǼƶġ
һﱣ̫ãһһҪһҪԼϺӣȻҲñݡ
ѾߵſڣϽ´ȥסϵĸ첲ҲҪԵ㿴Ѿûˣ̯ľ²ɡ
ϲŻ߳վԺתһȦŬѹԼܣȷԼû£㿴ǲһ鶼ûȥŪ²˰ɣһγԾ²ɻǹʱɺòáһֺá
һںž²̯ľ²ɶԹ˵Ǻݳ޵ĳԷǼҲֻйʱݳһأɺܿġ
ĴȻе᲻õùʧ翴һ۹ɣСèԸھȥ²ˣ˳л׼档
ԼЬܡ
ϼððʧʧģѣһˡ
﹡ϿϤķ羰ɻûд֮лعһжΣﲻʱشʱڵ˲µСûбũӦڵء
ˮﵾݿʼãɳҡҷβʱĽཬ
ԶԶͿ߹Ĺɽһĳùȫһ£ӭŹɽ˹ȥ
һ˱խ﹡ֻһǰУҪһ࿪ӣ¶ǹ㿪һιȴֱվ˹ɽǰ
ɽĵһ۹ѾͷϽÿ˼Ȼû
⻰ŭˣĺԴһȣЦһһĨ⣺ΪʲôҪ㣬ôҲø磬ѵøô
ɽһ㶣ǰɼèµòУһ۹ɾͺµͷȻҷҸаֱˣ̧־Ҫɣбһ۹ɽƲĺһܿ˹ɽİƣɽԴС
ͻıùɽסûӦȴĵһ۹ɽֱɽײȥ
ˡһɽײ·ĶˮɺܾյվȣɽˮһƬˮڹɵϡ
ɽˮ֮ŷӦȻɸˮˣһֱ۸ˣʲôʱֵ۸žҪɡ


3³˿ڶ

ҿһȷûֱ֮ԱߵĶˮѱˮཬϽҲŪңʱǱɽһסˣȫ֪ʲô
ɽһ˵һǱ﹡ܡ
ɽˣƽȻ۸ɣǱ۸Ҫ֪ԴСرһӹãʲôõĻûд򵽹ɣڹݺԩĸϽ׷ɣһѾҪܵӡ
ɽ˿ˣһ·һ·ôǱһΪ۸˹ɣʱֻÿɻӰȢϱġ
վסҲúʰ㡣ŭţȫȻûֺ仰֮ǰ˹ɡ
һһߺʵôļŭɽԷϾҪһԿǰһЩ֪Ⱳ黹ηηβĻȻصޣǰЩ޺ͺڳģָоⱲҲˡ
һ˴ˣɵĺϽܳһ۾ƼǱ񱼵ĹɣڹŵǹɽһƼⳡˣƽʱɽ۸Ҳˣ֪ɲŴӹŹһ⣬΢һ㡭ʱһŭϵĵ׶Ȼ
˶˳ֱܵ˶ĵط
ܹǵİѹڵϵĹɱסοޣڡ
ɻôˣھӴʵŹǱģ֪ǹɽ϶۸˼ҹˣҲɽôҲʮСӣȻ۸һҡ
ɿɽԽԽղ﹡øҪ·ͻȻһңҵһץ°ڰҲˮˮ׷ҴĶְòײܵ˵ӡĿš
ɽܵԩЩҪɣⲻûᵽͱɰһ
Сں˵˵ʲôˮҲ˺졣ˣһǰ
ȫվֱһ˹ɽϣŭɻã㲻ϲҲô۸ſڱտڵСˣѾͷн𣿽Ҿ⣬б¶ɻһָͷҸûꡣ
һϲһֱ´ĸһңܶʱ۸ҲҶ˵һ䣬һηڹɽһʵҪĸһֻֽֽܺúõļƻԼ£һ˶Ͼϵ
ɽˣǱСĹɰһŻϴһƣǵô˵棬оԼӶ춪ˡ
ˣҴңɽָϵš
һ仰ȫȻϺôǹɽСĸô˵ҲǳҽǹɽԣϴһҲǸõģڴҿڽûдġ
ڹɽһʱ򣬹ϵǡþ˹ɽϣŹɽְһơ
ɿĿɿڴʲôʱôǿˣʮδԼôǿƵһ棬ǰǱĸһӴѹһɲһһһƵĴڹɽϣôôأ
úã֪Χ۵˭˭޺һ䡣
Ŵ˶һһԴ󺰴úãһԳô𾴣ȻˡⲻǸðô
ɽһһģˣСƽʱһָͷҶһ˹ɻѹɵıѪˣҧûдȻİһۡ
ڹɽµʱϸϵˣһԼӡˣųҪȥ˺ȴס
ںɵĽк֪µģææĻȴԼӺͺӶɽ۸һŭֱӴ˹ɽһƣڡ
֪ԼɩϻӣҾǰײǰҲǣɽȴԼĺӣһֱԹ˼ҵĲǣ˵СǱɽ͹Сɽ۸ģ˵ҪǻǰԲҶԹɽ֣ϳ֣뷨һɲһˣڿɲ԰׵ϺһҪлһҪùɣܵһ˺


4¶

ɽίĿϣָŹɵСԩҡ
ĵŹɽٸҺһСˣŲ˺졣
ˡĳƺǶ񶾵ģرǶһδµĹ˵
ҲܲɺôãſڱտڵС˵ȷˣҪ˵㰤Ӧõġ
ɲǣҲȥˣ۸ʲôˣҲһƽʱƽϣһԣŮҸƴƳһ۹ɽ
ȫָɽģƽʱɽΪԼ۸ɴ˲֪ӾôֲϹӣҹɽ۸ĺӣͲˡ
ϼԼӱָ˵ˣӣԼĶֻԼ˵˶ûʸָɽһ䡣
һֲһָ˵ˣǹúӶ£ҶôҪ˵
ĵƳһϣ˵ĸӣǷǲ᲻㻹ˣƽҲüƽϣǾͲ˵ɺʹɽ飬˵˵ɽԼСĸ£ǹҿûֲҲТ֪𱰵ˣҪǲܣȰϵ˵
ɸмĿŴܺãȥ֮󴺻չ˰һһҪıԼˣҲҪúñõЩˣڶҲһŹ
һƳһ˵ôˣǼһӶ˵ţһֱƲϣʮһŮ
ϵһԵĹȴҧгȭͷŭҪХ껹ûּҵʱֻ˺ӣȴԸˣӶĺӱˣҲûлϹҩϰǿϺµġ
ɲϴϾһʵȲһңϻҪǴ϶Կ
Ͻǰһס˹ȭͷοĿһ۹ĿϣȻƿĿ⣺ʲôãҪ˵бµĻ˵ʲô쵰㻹ԽˣҵֻһŮһҵչ˺ˣһТϣһڳԵľ;Բҵ
˵ܸмĿĻϱǺͿʮ꣬ⱲӼܶҪԼϺӣһʳǣ˭˵ŮӲҪ˿ɾԲȱ˲
ŹɵĻձ΢ܶ˼ҲŮȻ֪ŮȶҪĺܶ࣬Щ޳ȥŮ΢ù϶ǻңŮŮиĺãɼҾһŮԺҪǺһ׸Ҳν
ϵȻָ֪ɣкɻ󣬹һҽôˣһ˶ԾһǰԣҲ
ҶԹɵĻͬиǲŮǮô˼ʲô
ɰһϣǰû˵Ů㲻Ůˣ㲻ҲǮһʲô
ʱҿûƽϹɶײϣʵǹ˵Ļ̫еˣ򵥴ֱ˴ҵرڳĸ˾ù˵е
ͬ˵ĻŮТ˳úܣŮһôֻҪТ˳ǶӻŮҼŮҼǻСǿˡ
ɫѿ˼£Ҳ֪Ϊνôϲԣɽϸرǹߣ׵ͷƵãеɲ
ұ𰡣㿴Ǵʲôˡɽ۵òУӻֱ졣
ò֪ôӴĻתһɽ׵һһһֱ۸ˣʲôʱ䵽۸һˣر۸ǼҵĻǹһң񶹸һˣȻеӴˣһԺڴ滹ҪҪ
Ƴһ۹ɽŭûõĶ˭ʲô
ɽ֪ԼˣҲҧҲһԵĻȻֻĽֳ֣˲ų嵽ǰͱһȭͷ̵ɽ˵ڵŵŹСʲôʱôǿˣ
ϾöԽԽԼֳԿˣҲ治˹˹ֱܻ֣ӭȥץ۾һתϽȥװģܣʱץһ£Ų治棬ֻҪԼײԿͺãһϰѱͷΪץҲɢҲ˾ݺݵĶŹɺϣ֪ȥֻᱻ˿ЦܺãϸҵԺҼҽ赽


5˵

⻰һ˿ڣɸϽϵְοǼԺ󲻽ǼҵĶÿһνһû
ҲοϺ壺ԺȱʲôҼңֻҪеľԲ᲻ǡ
ĺܸмĿŵİǼңǾֽ
һе㴭ǰŹɽһ֣ûõ⣬Ͻҹȥ
˼ûкϷҲɢˣοϼҲ˼ҡ
Ǳúܣ۲У⺢ӼԶԶĶ㿪ӲӲȻȥѡ
һ˼ңԺŽϾͺˣǳ˵ǽǲǰѴһҵˡԺʲô顭Ҳ˰æô졣
µľϺڣŵﵣôʲôһҺǵһˣ㲻Ǽʲôǰ𣿶㲻ûϽӵӣɽڶǻͲ˵ʲô˻ܷԺأҪ˲ܷ۸۸ˣԼٸԼܣҪ˵һҲãԺͲ
Ŀ俴һ۹ɺͬ˵ĺе˾͵ʲôҶţԺŬһȥɽڲҩԲŵġ
ͬСһͷ۾һתǰǿҩǿάƣΪʶҩȥϲҩĻѧ˺ü죬ֻѧʶ󲿷ֲҩص֮һֲҽɽȥˣֻڴӸһٵÿ
֮ǰô׬ǮͻȻ⣬ϱһǲԣⱲеǴԻɽɽ˶ǹŰְԻ
ԺڲҩҰɡЦ˵š
֪һֱӾܾУɲܸɽһŮӼҡ
ɺҲˣŮõģҲֻһŮѵҪϣҽһ˼ңҲ˼أҲĿû˹֪ܰңҲҵıҲ빱ԼҲŮʲôᱻɡ
Уϱʲôڵȥ֮ʳǸʱԹԼãⱲ¿ʼ˷ʱ䣬ҪøϱӲһصޡ
֪ϵ˼Ƚϴͳ϶ôͬɽֻܴӹ֣תҡŹֱҲ֪᲻ҳԿ࣬ǲܻһӰǼҵ˵ŵԺŮҵõ˼ңҲԹǣֻǾ˶ڱУԼŬһȡԼˣ㿴÷㣬Ҵʲôӣû֮ǰǼ˲˵ʲôãء
˵Ķ÷ǴһҵŮû޵ʱ˵ʲôã֮ͷ̥˸ŮͱҴˣ÷Ͼһһ飬Ȼ˶ӵûѱˡ
ɵĻԥˣҲ֪ԺûֵܽÿԵɽŮ˼˾ڶ˭֪Լʲôӵġ
ͬҲڿǹɵĻԼı϶뱻۸ȥҹ˵һ仰ǼҵȷãҪҲֻһģɼ޹ȥ϶ΪƵģںźɲӣǸкҲõôˣԼܻŹɵϣϾߵ
һֱڹ۲˵ı飬˵ԥŵҪܸԺҲеǣŮҪúչǶϣһ԰ɣҪǲʺϽɽԺҾͲɽˡ
һѹϵɣһ¶˺ܴľĵ˵ģ㲻ʺϽɽԺͱ£ҾҪɽʱһȥ
ɶʱϽллȥ²˽ǳԺõġ
ЦеҪܣֱӽס㿴·ûҲ䰡ȥɡ
ԡ֮ʵʵȥջ𣬹ѾѾ²˸˻Ѿкá
⺢ӾȻԾ²ˣ˵˼ҶǰʳҲֵûһپ²ɾǹꡣھΣһֱԼһλס
۾еʪϱӷԺлصﶼǺܰģǲҪҲΪ㣬еʣ˵ʲôأ˼Һ˵ʲôҾͳʲôеĵطǼңǼԺùģףŮһĺġѾ¶ոŹȥɽһҪúòҩ


6ɽ

ϻǺܲʵǹɽҪе㲻˼ˡ
ҹѾżйܿƽ
ȷ˯ˣڱСš
ɽе㲻ԾΪʲôͻȻɽɻ˵ţǲǹɹŹһȦҲˡ
⻰˵ھͱһ˹ȥϹ˵ʲôأҿɺǱɽ̼˰ɣ˵ЩȷˣûӻΪô˵ͱˣԶʹ
ϱ˻οǼǷģǷģ˵ĶԣǾһŮãȻİ޳ȥô죿ǼҪҲֻһģѵɼ޹ȥÿԳڼҪһܺãǱϾһӣͻСһԡ
ҲͬҪȻҲӦɡ
˯ԱߴĹ˵Ļ˯ȥ
ڶһ磬ϾڴͷָɣĻһ֪ɼңʲôͷӵĸ֮֮ģϼҪȥȴס
ƽʲôǵݣжĶͰһĨ޵Ŀ⣬ֻҪץסһҪ𣬲ҪĻü︻ԣ˳ƻƻôһҶϾϵ
ɽǸȻϣֶţðĶҾȻҩԼССĸǹԭµһ顣
ǰĹɴ˵Ļһ󰲾
˵Ҳԣ˼ƽ϶ݣ׼׼ϳ³ɽȥȥ˾ˣֻһûûκʳˣܵһҩӻ˵һ˿ģԽԽʳû׼٣Ҳ֪ôŹȥ
û뵽ôܽɽʱϲϽݻ˳³㣬һѻˣɽȥ׹һѡ
ҲʰãСͷ˱¨棬ⱳ¨滹һЩ׵Ķ˳ֵһӸɣѾͷȥ첻ڶٲҩǮġ
ЦеĽӹϡ
׼ôҵ󴺱ű¨Ժ溰š
̴ŹɳȥŹɱŵĲ΢΢üҪһȥô
һμͬԴõĸʱᶼˣҵҲãϺҲܶʱҲǳ϶û¶ٷģ󴺺ü͵͵ĸͷԴһҵĺС
󴺾һչЩ̽åһֱܸмΪҲһûڴӵʱ
һĨЦ󴺸ѵȥˣԺҶҪҵɽҩ
һ֣ͬľɲаɣһȥΣյģڼҰɣ翴ʲôҩɻ
ȥ棬Ȼ֪ﶬĶжײУǶ˶ӵģһѪԵúܣƽʱ͹ȥ涼С̫룬ɾȻȥʵ̫Σˡ
ǲ֪ڹºһЦҲ̫ĵطΧҩҾԲܵġ
Ѿͷȥȥɣʱǿɽ֪Ȱعɡ
Źû˵ʲô˺棬ɱŲм䣬˴ֱɽߣӺɽµ³ɽվߵɽܿҲһͷ
̵ĴɽΣҲԤ֪ģһξһŵľդЩľդҪ·ϷֹҰ޽塣
ڹǽɽ֮λ˩˴⣬Ҳһͷ֮С
ƽʱҲֻդһľɽֻľդ
СͷһɣָŲԶһƬϸҶӵĵطһƬ󶬣ڰɣԶˣ֪Ұû
ɵͷֱȥ󶬣󶬸СҩֻȽ鷳ںܾòŻһƽʱ˶м󶬣֮󶬳ӲĵѾľդ󶬺ܶࡣ
֪󶬵ļǮʮǮһƹȴܵʮǮ󶬵ˮֲǲܶһ󶬣ǱȽϺģֻ˶ƣȻ֪󶬵ļǮҲû˴󶬵ͷϾ󶬵ʱȥʮǮұĲҩӿɲֹʮġ


7

ҲԶҪҰҲˣʱûǮƣʵʵĿʼͷ＾õĲʱ䣬õĲʱļɽɽڳ󶬻ǱȽϴģغֿܸۣʼһһ͸ˮݱĥ˳
ȥǰûùͷ˫ҲϸƤģŶ󶬣һſűȻƶС󶬱ժ˲棬Ӳ󶬹ƲŲٵÿ
ĳùɾ⣬ժںõȥդԶĵط󶬳òƬһһȴܴڳҲȽϴţ˳󶬵ĳ֪档
ʶĲҩֹ󶬣ƾƣ飬ɳ֮ĶʶҩﳣĲҩϳҲʶЩҩĸֻҪĲҩ϶˳ҲĹ
ͻȻܱþ˲侯裬ǳ˵ҪͻȻֹͣˣһҰڸ߾ڸ
󴺸硣ܿһ۲ŷԼѾԶդܳҲ
ùɸӺ£ԼҪҪôùѵʲôҰ޿һ˴㿿դ
ΣһɲٽһͷҰڹɴŶʮҵľУͷҰ˿ĿһŨҵĿ־С
Ұƴǳתܣһܻһߺš󴺸硣
֪Ұ׷ԲֱߣҪܣӴţʱĻͷһۡ
ͻȻһֻʸҰһӲҰƨϣҰ˻ƵĺУһǼŭҰĳŹ׷
ôǼǵôûüģһһʯͷֱӰŵҪϽʱҪ˵İҰԽԽ˰
ಡһһֻʸֻʸҰЩҰϣе˵ϻϣѾϽǰܡ
ҰѾ׵׵ļŭһҧһֱܣѾȷбˣôЩ˲Թ۰ɣӹһѵļҲܶࡣ
һλͷԼĪʮһôһֻ֣ŹɵСѾͷϽ
ͻȻֵİ꣬ǿϣ⣬̳ȥֺסһŵϺı辣ҰѾֱһͷײϡ
ɻûü˵˵ʱʱ죬ϰγһѽֱӳҰȥһֱӲҰĲӣԱһ˲վĶҰ
ڴʱ⼸λ꣬ЩŶʮңһŲǴ´ǸҹӸ硣
ЩôᵽӺɻ
Ұ˵ĵطѪҰµ˵һϢ
ȷûΣ֮Сһο˵ԼؿǾܸ꣬мллӸλȡ
ҲɵղôԲһģǰλ϶Źÿϻһѳ
ǾȹɵĺŹ΢΢ͷе㲻˼ˣﲻ˵ǸǣҰģֻû뵽棬˵ΣչΪһ
곤úÿ˵ҲûĹͻȻҩƹ˵һ仰ɣ˵ľǰ꣬ùе㲻֪ˡ
ҧҧҾסӣǸŵ͸ɽڲҩģȥˣդڲҩô˵ллλӡ
ſˣȺҪ΢һָͱҰˡ
Աһλһ˫һ۵˳ĺļԶλûǻǽɽɡ
΢΢ͷŹ΢΢һЦù˾ʵǵĲԣҰ͸͵ǸĲʸ⣬̷ɽǸ򣿡
ָָӵһݷߴʱҾ̷ɽֻҰҲҪԵҵ͸̧شӣλӵȻɽȡҼҾڽĵ˼ҡ
ԶеĿһ۹ɣֻ΢΢ͷȻż˿ٵ뿪
˲˲ãɽ󴺾ʹդķ򼱼ææû˺ôǰġ


8

ǰϸϸİѹɿһ飬ȷû֮ŰתƵҰϣ滹ˣ
ɽŰѷ鶼˵һ飬ôǰģǵˣû뵽ɽ˽ɽ˵Ⱥȥ̷ɽ
΢΢ͷǳǸȥˣȥ̷ɽǴû
ȴܵǣ㿴ΣգԺǲҪɽˣҸֻҰûһֻҰҰǻ̧ɽ׺ݵҰޡ
ѪζúԶҰ֮ѡȺ˲ô˵Ҳ˹ɣҲҰܵʧԺȡӰҰ˩ãֿļ̌ɽ
ҰúҰУ̧ҰеĽҰһٶɣû뵽Ⱥô˴ôҰҲǺ
ҰйͣƽʱҰ޹ǾԻȥҰģϾÿһδҰ涼Ҷܱܻ䡣
һ̧ҰЦ˵Ⱥкüأ㿴żʸǾĴģҪû´ͷҲõľⲱһȥҰƤ˵ҲСӦǸӡ
ɺͬ⻰ȺȻ˶൫ǻṦģȻҲýùģӺС˿϶ϵˣôǸԶطģ
Ⱥȥ̷ɽʲôӦòȥԣѲȥҩͻȻǰһǰҩƹ˵Ļ˵ǰ̷ɽɽҵƤʯǺöΪٶҲҪʯļ۸ܹ
Ҫȥ̷ɽӦþΪʯȥϾɽͷûС
󴺽ӵʱû˿ҰͷԺ档
һֻҰúһֻҰ󴺣ˣҰҰԵûȥɣѾͷǳҰ⣬ȥŪ
ȥ˵ԼֻиŮˣɳһѹȲݸҰϣù·Ĵ￴۶ӡ
ҲûȥˣֵܽöһֻҰúһֻҰҴ
ĺþûˣƽʱҰöǹͣõȥǮôǮˣ뵽Ϊ˸ü
˵ûʲôˣҰǲˣһҩ˳õȥǻԣ϶춬˼ﻹûء
Ȼ⣬һ뻹ӱȽʵڣҲһ㷳ա
һĨھΣþûˣﲻû£һǳʱûԲáҪǼдҲֻԼûùɸܿˡ
ܣ뵽õĶļ˵ҲȫԣϴûԹ˵ѾҸ˵ң˵˹һ󶬿ʮǮأҵһƾҲǮҲǮҹſʮء
ܿģȻæһ絫ֵõģҲ˴˺ܶ಻мڲҩԽջô󣬲Ҳ֪ǽãûڹǻƾҲûбҵһ˵ûôˡ
ڹɵļ¹ûټֳҰã˵ĶԣҪġ
һʳӦȥѾһػؼңǼҵĵؾֻһĶֳʳѹһ˳ԣҲһҵϣŪϸġ
Ժ棬õݰһЩ֦ţջʱҲȽϷ㡣
ͷֺģ˳ԺҵԺűֱƿԶ˲ŽԺӣɶһȺ˵ӡܺãԶĽ˸Ͻǰ
ϻڷ㶣ɸϽȥóĽҩóҵˡ
æݣҲæе˳һӡ
Զҧȴûк߳ɴһˮǰҪüȣȴһ۵סҪʲô
̧ͷ΢΢üһô˵ģرҪֹѪ崴õʱȾŧҵĽҩֱӼ򵥵İȵֹѪǾ͸Ͻȥϡ
Ҳ֪Ϊһ̹ر侲϶ӰѼ˹ô˵ģ
˿ƺۣԶҧһͷǣҺһֻһȺȻһȺ˶ý
֮е£һͷҲС鰡֮ǰǼȺ˵ıµģǼɺˣԶֱһҰҲС


9

Ҳľһ߸Զ˿ֹѪһߵʵ̫ΣˣȥɽʲôɽҰģ˶ȥҲɺͿȻָ·˵̲סüʵ̫ΣˣҺһͷһȺ²ɽˡ
⻰ȺĹɱͷǵʱҲģǼ˿νȫŰͷɱһȺĻȫ档
˿ںۣԶǿҧΪûû뵽ûӵֻϧɽϵʯûժžԶź˵ţҡͷʧ
ԺſѾΧһȦˣϲ֣Ϻİָÿ
Զ˵ʯϽͱԶ˸£ࣺʲô
е㺦µԼؿڣЦŵ˵Ҫ̷ɽʯʶҩҪҪĻҿȥɣֻӡ
ԶǰһҡҡͷǲɱһͷǣָȺڸǺܼǳڻȥȺˣҲ뿴ȥ
һԵİȴǿϣִˣһﲻΪʯժʯҲȥġ
֣Ҳǲ֪ǵڻȥȺġԶֹš
ɰԶ˿ڣԶĻҲͬͷҲû̧ɽȺģܶʱȺĺУɱһͷǶûѪζŨҲޣڵҰ޶ܶȥȷΣա
ǼǵôһδȺ˶ˣ󲮾ϵķҲΪǴ¼̱˴ϳԺÿˡ
źòװװǮĻǰȻסˣһȺһǮģǶ˲·ɲѾͷƬں˵˵ʲôأҪǵСԲȥɱ˱˵Ĳ·ûλ¹˵ǵž
ɶϱ񣬲վһȦԶȺƵĵԼҲ֪ǵֻǲ뿴ִԲҪȥҲܲš
һˮһҲȰ˵λȰɣҪȥҲõȼհȺԶȥڵȺһطôǵõʳԣȹϼȥҲȰ
߶Ⱥ˾˹ɣʵǲ뿴Ⱥӳ⣬ϾǺ˰
ԽԽĥŴȺһӳһҳԳԺȺȺþˣȻҲ֪ΣգǮ׳˵ΪôҲƴһѡ
һ۹ĵ游Ůث֣λûУӿкֻ֣Ҫ˵ҲԸȥ
Ķˣԥ˵ĿһԶԶȰӦãչҴ磬ʣµ˸ȥ
϶ʱϲڴǹҪٴˡ˵껹üŪۣͿɺͰ͵еġ
Զ֪ԼܵܵƢȰס̲ס̾
һȦԺˣܶ˶ԾԾԣͷ˼һ󣺡һҪʮжÿӣһҪ˵˻Ƕܡ
ӲǰһǴҲ䶯ںһԶԣʮһȥж
ӿɲСĿڴһ굽ͷֵǮҲͼģ൱ڼ룬һҪȥĻ͵ӣʱܶ˶ʼֱ
ﻶϲϽֺ֪Щ˴ȥ˰
ûĵͷʶ˽Ҳν
ϵõͬʱ߳Ժ̱ΧסЩҪ׬Ǯ˶ʼͽҲбܶԶ֮ı紺ԶԶıܿ
󴺲СʵΪʲôȥ
һǳŻƤӾᷳȰ˵ɲ£û㳤Ϣһֱû˵ôѹһĶӶûͿûǿ׬Ҫȥȥ
󴺲˵ˣҪ˵õľǹһε飬ԼȰȥˣǼǰɽ֣ǮԺ׬ûôٶǮҲû塣
һվȺм䣬ĶǸƽʱϵõģҲܶԷǲ棬˲ԸˣôһһҲû˳ԼӾͲ˵ˣ⼸ǸһӼ޹˼ңЩ㵽һģЦݡ


10

ǼˡЦе˵ţһξôü
˲̹ˣµżë㿴Щ˶ǻԵҪΣǺ˼ҹӸ硣
ɲǣҿΪ˽Լһˡ
˫ֲҾżë˹ƨ£бҧﰡҪǸȥզˣбȥǼλ˵ǰ
˺ܶ඼ߣȴһҡҡͷʾ󴺸ؼҡ
ԺУҪһȥɣո뵽֮ǰһλ˶ҽɽǺܴġ
ȴûжģʲôǮ׬Ҫиʲô̹ɺô죬˻۸һҡ
˼ЦЦʵǱǸҲӺŮģȰҲҪɽˣѪζƮԶΣյġǵĿżˡ
ԶҲȰ˵֪Ȱ㲻ڽɽĺΣգʱڽɽΣղȥտɺã
ԼȲѪ˵ҲˣֻҪȥġ
һӵĳԶ֪ⶫжҪģ̷ɽôԶڳҲðҹŵǻɽɽҲˣҪ߾ˡ
ǽղ̷ɽֻǵɽȴǡ
ɾЩ̫ǿˣȰǲҪȥûһġ
ҲգǼȻҲˣҲûԶǳô˵⻰ʱʵۣһҵ͡
һ۹ҵջҡͷȴóһݸ˹ɣţҺúչҴ磬Ұ̧ˣ
Ͻ̧ˣأǻҰǱϾԵġ
һǷڼϵҰԹͣȷҪ̰ҰȻҲԭԭλķ
ǿĹһĨЦллǣͷæҰһǻȡ
ɿһе˵ҲһһʵʵȻĶҲ˻ȥӻ벻Ҫûȥ˵ǽоңûҲԹֻۣܰĽɽעⰲȫƽҰǻԡ
ڳ˶ˣ˶ɸ߿һмһҰǣǿʵ̫ƶȴһҲûΪڿǴʱҲе
ְ˻ȥòܵ
ûһʧĸоһֻܰǻչ˺öġ
ҪҲȥɣһ˶һ
ҡͷ뵽ܳ£ֱӾܾ㻹չ˺ô硣
˵һȺ˴Ҵææ뿪Զ̾һΣȴ߷˹ϣ֪ɼҺӵʱȴΪ˵ʮ㲢δһԥһ˻Ĳ
ԺֻվһᣬŸ˺ƺƵĽɽ
˫ֺʮĶϣƽƽ
Զһ㶣ϵ˲١
ЩĻͷ˵ΪʲôȥҲǸȥʲôûô
һƨԱߵĵϣܲľ졣
ѾԶ˿ڰʰǰæ
Զһ۳ˣ˭֪ʲôƢ㲻ǲ֪ȰͰֵַţϣһû°ɡ
ɰѶýУȴæ
ȥ󴺸æҰ̫һ˲еҸ֡һڴ˳ǽǿʼʱһӳ
ӦһͳţҲʼæҰҪܶϣѹסҰǹζԽԽ㡣
ŹСӰԺЦЦһĨҲɢ˵Ѿͷǲһ֪ͼģȥ
Զһ˳Դϣѵ˵˵ʲôأ˼ҹȥҲ˼ͬⲻͬ⡣˵һ˿ɡ
ǡÿԶָָԶһ׵ģžϲŹĴսԶСӲʵǲǿˣʱǲԼİΣҲҪҿѾͷӦʮȥһС檻ǿԵġ


11³ŵ

ԶеĶδŮйôܵĽӴסɵʱȻеĶĸоҲ֪ôͣǾãԹɵĸое㲻һ
ܿ챻ѹȥվһˡ
Сں˵˵ʲôأҲǵԭգҪҰ飬ԺĪҪçײˣϿӣԶʵ
ϽԼϵǮݸԶʱûд٣ܹӣӸѾͷ
˵ŻһæµĹϣҲһѡ
ԶûϰǮѾͷղӺĶȴһƷǺõģһҲùҲԵ֣˵˼ǰҰ˿ǰܵøлֱֻӸ϶ҪߵʱһɣǲҪҲС
϶ֱӸһҶҪӣ絽ʱ͵͵ĸ
ԶһĴָ֮ȫͣߣʵǸߡ
ɽ󴺺ʹ󴺽ԺһԶͳӾͿʼæ
кܶܲ飬ܲͬҰһǾ䡣
ӵݸ˳ԶɽժҰҲ֪ʲôֲζܺãҲû緹ȵףҽҵѽԵҰŪдǣᰡ
˵ЦеĽԶȺ˹ɻǺϲģóһȺǻˡ
֮ǰƻҰõģΪԶ;ˣҰֱղˣ϶ȫģṩˣһζƮɢ˳
ҲæǰæҰѾëҲʿˣ඼ȡ˳űĶóȥˣҰಢζô
Ҵ˴࣬λǹǿҪµġ
ɲһʱȥ̯ϻһǮε龰κúõ±ҲǺζġ
Ұܴ󣬹ֽ޹ǻ⣬ˣԶͳ֡
ϴɾĻû˷ԽԽͷȫ˹󣬰Ȼǹͷá
İߵԶЩڣҵ˵Ҫô⣬մɽ˵ģʣµ⵽ʱһЩҲԳˣֻҰҲ٣ֵĲҲ࣬Ǿ͵ȡĹĪҪǡ
ԶºһЦδԹũҷ⻹ǵһΣȻӣǰδıһζô˹Ҳܸмܵ
ǮóһɣѾͷȥʳǼֵܳԷҪоƵĻ˳Ű̳ơ
һιûܾǲ˼İŵԷģֻʵǼƶ
ԶԽԽù˲Ѿͷ˵ʲôأ˵ҲǷ飬Ұ׷ģҾҲӦõģҲܵţҰǻ̧ɽְֹѪˣڻмĻĪҪ˵ˣҪ˵ҲǸл㡣
ҧҧ˵ȥе⣬Ŷųû֣λӿɷæ
ųѯʵҲ鷳˴ˣҲ´˵л
վ߰ѾͷøҪ塣
ҼһҪ˵΢ùһдоƵҲֻд峤ˣƽʱҪǼе㼱Ҳȥ峤Ʒ
ڹƨɺ棬ҺĿţŴķӴҪȹɼҵĺãüѾͷΪξҷᵹĶҪˣ
⻰̾һеҵүүﲢϲ׾һŮֱӰһҷ˳ҼסǰţȦĽģǺõôֵҼңЩø˵ġ
̫ү͹̫̫ڻڣ嶼ܺãƽʱũ϶ң˵һ˺ͺĳԶٷˣ̫ү͹̫̫ǼӶȥ
Ҫ˵ûԹǼٵģһȥʱ̫үֱӹһĶˣͿʱ̫үûְһ£ϱ޸Ա⣬λ߸ϵҲδܹѹͲүү̡
֪˶̫ƲϣһռǱˡ


12ض

û뵽ĹͬɣһΪʲôȥƴʲô
ȥȻһ˿
лһȥҪŬ׬ǮҵϺӡȭͷ˵š
û뵽Լֻĵһ仰Ȼùôᶨ
Ů׬ǮƺѰɣѾͷҴ㣬һѾͷ׬ʲôǮʵʵĻŮ̸ףԼ֮ǰλŮƹ񣬿νǾǧŻôңܵίҲǳ޷ġ
ػһͲηʲô࣬һλʲôֻûˣлһҪץסŬ׬ǮõﶼϺӣиñĳһҪ
Ƴһ۳ûҵĻȻһ˼Ҽôüһ۰Լ๫Ǹñ๫ŬӣΪһڳԵǳʵӲҪģԼܹõﶼϺӡ
𾪣ܸܵ˵Щļᶨû취Ȼе۹ɣԼԼеڴɷ֦ͷʱ
վסҿһȷû˵Ѿͷгһ߳ɽңҼסڳǱҼҴſұһôͩʱֱӸŷ־ͺãһλԵ
ǰһû뵽ô˵ܸмЦǺðӵʱĪҪ˵֪˭ͺãסҽйɣζ㣬ɻĺɡ
ãһЦһΪ
һΪ߳Ƭɽһ㡣ЦúܿģԼĻԵɼǵϱӲδȺˣ˺е㲻һˡ
Цܶ඼˳ĴһۺĬĿ첽뿪
峤ҵķ淿ԺǽҲܸߣԺźܿһλԼĪ߰СѾͷš
ɶүүڼ𣿡Ǵ峤Ůɶ
ɶĴ۳ЦеŹɵԺߣһ߻һߵүүء
ɻͷһ۳Ҹҽȥɡ
˽ݣɶڿȥ裬峤һ鿴ţŹɽ̰ºº͵Ǽʲô£
Ӿô󣬹ɲ´峤Ѿ֪ҵҲû͵ʳ˳̳þƣ֪ү峤үүûС
һ۳ǳϵ֪ӵһȺ˲ѰˣУҪʲôʳ
ɣʮ˳̳þơ
˵ͷһ۳ѯʵΣ
ĥһµʮ̳ưɣҪʮǻбĲҲһЩ˼֮ľʮž͹ˣʮǰɼģھƣóҲǸϲȾƵģʣµҲȡ
û뵽Ҳ׬һʣЦек£ź˿ʼ׼
ɶѲ˵СϷźþЦĳȥˡ
ɺĵĽͣǴ峤ĸƣȻȲùǺȵ¶ҲǺܲľƣϺԶ㣬ĪҪ
ȥϵգų̿Ҳõ鲻ٵʱ䣬ػȥȷʵʵû˵峤ҵľϧҲֻܵȵ峤ʲôϯܽ
뵽ᣬһҪ׬ǮõϺӡ
峤ҵĲǺܺõģ涼Ľ峤ңΪ峤ҺӶಢûּң峤ҲǸе˶ּеԴ峤Ȼȴܺù
ڹд峤Ҿõģڳд峤е㺮ˣ΢΢üһ۱ĿбӺŲ衣
ûж豭ĵĵŴ峤׼꣬
֪һ磬뵽һԶҲֻȥϣоͺź֪˵İһǣȴ֪Ǹʲôط˵кܶܶǡ
ⱲҲǰĻţ·߳ģһкξ壡
һڲŹɲ˵飬ⲻúʲôء
̧ͷųһЦҲû澿磬ĪҪЦңҳôԶĵطɽС򣬻ںСʱȥһΣСԶسǸûȥˣгһȥһȥ㡣
ʶˣһ仰һŵ൱ڳܶĶ


13³

𴽽͵Ѿͷһֱģһǣʱһúùһ䰲ǣʶһ°ǵķֻʶ֣㽫кܴĺô
ʶ֣ɴСܵĶŮ޲űǵ£ϼû飬ȻҪһʶҲкôΪʲôѧ
Цúܲãһú飬ӿɼǵ˵Ļҿ϶Ҫġ
ɶıĽӣɽүү˵׼ˡ
ɸϽŹɶȥҲ˺档
£װŰ棬һ̳̳ķţһԻһӲˡ
;ƶ׼ˣɽʮһԼģõĵصصʳƽʱʮһ̳һ̳ҲʮǮһƣʮ̳Ǯϰʮʮģ߰ʮǮӲǵı峤ˡ
ȻʶֵҲˣܺ㣬ȷ߰ʮǮ
óӸ˹һӵģͭǮɣͭǮߴš
ҲûֱӰͭǮݸ˳ʣµǮպá
Ҫ뵽Զ˵Ļջš
Ҫȥ˽峤ֱס˹ɣѾͷãôҲòȥǣϽüͻȥ
ɾܺãһȥ
ûԺӾŵŨҵ㣬̲סһڣǼܽԺӡ
ںεҡͷɿҲأվС
ԶԺӵ̧ͷ쵹Ҳ⡣
ֱӰͭǮӸԶԶԵĵһ۳ͭǮϻͦۡ
Զ
ԶߣŹҲڣôԶѾͷҶû·ҸˣҪгһ߳ɽȥǣһλԵ
ԶһҲ֪ΪΣ˼ҹ
ˣ˼ңĹȫһǸ뷨ģ˲ƶӣҾһŮı˰ڲҾ뷨ֵܺù㲻֪Ŀʲô׬ǮϺӣҹԺǡ
ԶҲû뵽ɻô־򣬲˻лᡣ
ϣѵЩǸĵѾͷͭǮʣµģͭǮһԵǮ棬ɱǮĹ
ƽǸµģǶ֪ͬһ㣬Ǹϧˣ۹ܺãܿùɣΪڹɵ˺ܶණ˵ĲΪԡ
Լ˫ȣͷһһҶǺõģ֮ǰӧǸ˾ͲУкҲлˣǻҪСΪ˵ĵطˣ۲
Զͷһ۰˿ЦˣԺвɸֹһæµģСӵȤ˿ûѪˣеۣҩȷǺõģǼԼֹѪҩߵʱһ㡣
ϴ֪ԶǶˣܿľ˷յҰø㣬ҰҲ˲ˡ
Զͳû緹ͶˣŵʳζٱըԶ·ֻţȴæ
ķ̧˳һӣɰŵӡ
ϾˣһյһҰ⻹һ²˳صصũҲˣζ֪óԡ
еˮĸоһ۹ɣѹָղѾͷô죬ԭΪкóԵĶ
󴺺ͳԶ˵ã˲˻ؼңһкüء
Ըպһˡ
Զһ𣬹ſӸԶͳһ˼һЦеûдյĺóԣ׵ĳҲǼõģǸϽԵ㡣
ͷӣԶûһſԣʱڡ
Ա㣬еΪˣЩƾɵıӣȻɾǲһԶȥ˯
󴺺ʹѾؼˣⶼ棬ŤŤ䲻ڵߵǰ
Ǹ˰ɣҵ˼ҪҪ˯˵ðҼҵıӶܾǲҪţλүСѾ˯ĵطǼҺá
ԶͬʱЦˣԶεĿŹɵѾͷǹ飬ǵʲô˲õ˿ϻ¶Ұ⣬ԺһȻӳϽȥ˯


14¾Ķ

̰֣ɲУɽ¶ܴ󣬶ôɲ¶ޣҪȻȥ˯ҵĴ׶Ѿ̺ˣȫĸɾӺʹҵ϶˯˵ģÿŹأҲ֪ǵʲôʱõţֻܰϢͺá
Զ֣ȴҿܺãԶúúϢ˿ڲźõÿ죬°ҹ廻ҹ
ԶֲֻܴӦɺͳŽϢ
ڴԶŵǵζӺʹȻƾһ㵫ĺܸɾȲݵڴºҲһϾһֱڽв֪˯š
Ҳڴϻ˯ȥ
峿컹δͻȻԺϽһȥͼɺ͹ԼæµڰԱ
ѪľվԺм䣬Ժļ룬ӶֺģڵĽš
û뵽Щ˻˹ؼǻûлȥʮ˻ʮˡ
һԺѪζӵĹҲƴĽţӶ
ûЩɵˣҲסˣֻæҵİ¡
嵽վԺмߣ˫ץסļҡţʲô£ôŻ⼸ˣ
ûҲһ˴˲̶ͬȵˣ֪һǳˡ
ľĵȺˣʣû˶ˣ˰ʬǶ̧ССΪ˾ȴҡСĵɽ£ҰȰӿ
ﲻǸζϽݰѽҩͰ׾˳Щ˵ļԺӣϿ޺ҵ˵Ĺɽֱ˵ĹСɽš
һƬңЩм˵˼ҶŲ֪롣
ܵǰûУ
ҡҡͷʹţ˵ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ɰѾ̳ݸ˳ؼǰ˿ֹѪоڼΨһĶǾơǼǰӳǴ¹Ҳûҡ
ž̳֪룬ȴֱߵһλѪߣ֮Ǿ֣ʱЩ
Ѿ̳¶ߵƺûˣˡ
Ѿƺ͵ֱѪϽ˺˿ڣӡҧú˽ҩҲһ죬ٵİöƺ͵ֱּۣһֶƺ͵ҲˣŪƺߵһλߡ
ѹסеıʹοˡ

ҲڰŰˣæǰæģ˶ܿͰ˵˿ڰá
ڴʱĴ嵽ߣһץסϵͷ˺ţһ˺һ㺦ҶӣǿĶӰ
ǸģһȻĲӣץҲˣֱӿʼƾʲôң֮ǰ˵ʱ˵˿ܻǸʱͬ˵ģûҶҲˣƾʲôҰ
һʱ֮ԺӴңϺ͹һȰ˵ˣˣ֮ȥ򰡡
һĻŭס֡
ʱ˶ˣһֻֻץŴͷϵѡ
ڵѪֵܰźû
ļһⲹӣҪǻ־뿪Ժȥ֣ﻹ˭Ըҽɽ
һϯ˲˶ˣ˽
ʵ̲סˣǰȰ˵ĪҪ嶯ЩǼѪ͵ʱ򣬾ȥڶҲ°ǡҪȰҲˡ
û뵽ЩִôȰ˵ˡ
ô滹ûЩȥ
Զʱ˳˵̸ˣ˿̵ıݣСģССߵʬ嶼Ҿô£Ϊʲôأ
ͷԼ᲻£ȥǵĹϵֵͬܣԼֵ˲ѹǼٵġ
ʼǺ˳˶ҵҲ󣬵ߵǸطˣ֪ʲôطֱʮͷǳЩǻĿǣֻܿҹ֮˸Ȼ˻ҲˣȺ˹Ҷ˴ţСΪ˱ҺƺͻǣһһˣСĺСС߱ΧסǶˣҲȷСǴϹȥˣɽ²ǺܸߡҺԴŴɽ


15鱡

϶Զ龭˵һ飬˵ЩʱĿɢſ־壬һεˣδĶǣζŵ
ԶһҲҪСǣԸȥĲ
ϱȰΣպܶ࣬ǰ΢ϰȫһЩ
ֲ̿ģֻҡͷԶôĿģȴ֧ðա
ܼվҪɽ
˵ʲôջ˻ȥںھΣҺܿ־壬Ҫֻ߳ȥһˣ⿪ĽźãҪȻӰһӵġ
Ϊֵ뿴Ȱ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ʱ˳ȻһȥΣգﻹɽϣǶȥǻ
ȥģô˵ֻ̾ϢΪ˶Ҵ˶һ໥ȺҲ˹ɡ
ҲҸŽɽһˣɽ֮ǶҪҵģҶƬɽϤĶ
ͳܸмô֪ɽҲΪ˰ǡ
󴺺͹һξȻûһվĳͳеԹ󴺸أѩ̿˸жм
ȴǵһĸôҲû뵽ҲûվôղŻ˵ûɽһҲûվ
֪˶̰ЩʧĿŴңӻɽ˵ûأСӸһȥɡ
ΪˣֵˣɲˣҪٳô죬ڽɽôΣա
Ҳ˵뺦ô
һƲϣҵЩ棬Ҳôˣ˭ԣ˭ѵûô˵ΪĺЩˣ
Ҳ֪˲Ըȥ̾ϢһֻĸˣǽɽҵҲŪҪǲԸȥҲţҵ˻ˡ
ʱ򳰷ĿŴŻңôɽˣ˵ʵء
ʵܶԥܶҪȥһ˵̬ȶĬˣ˼Ҽ˶ǸʲôҪȥ˵һû˵ӡ
ڹʧʰʱˣӣСӣС
Ӹȥ׵ʵĮˡ˵ʧİһ۴ʹˣЩʲôô֪
ʵǶŴ˶ˣһϲϽʰϴ峤Ӿȫˡ
С۵ϴűģһ˵ʱҪ̫ԡ
Լҵ֪ȴԸɽǻ˽ŵϡޡһŲ񵶿˼ϡ
Ȼĳ£Щ˻ɽѹҪעⰲȫ󴺸ҲǰעⰲȫҼǵ̷ɽǱиɽΣվȥɽһ¡
Ҳһ˵ʵЩ鷳
˳һȺˣǵĿɽ
ȵһߣԶߵƺߵƺͰϵӶøҡ
ƺͻ»ڲţȴϵǮݸԶ
Զ֪˵֮ǰ˵˽ɽһܣȥ˵˶Ǯ˵ҵʬ̧һ˶ӡ
⻰һ˶ʱͷӶЩţȴڼôҵаӰ
ʱ˶ӵ˸е˺ܶࡣ
ɿĳﲻζΪڴѵӵֵֻӣ
¶Ľ飬ùɸӱġ
ѾŶȡӣƺ͵ǮмʮӣȡӵʱĵĪϣΪһ˲ӵ֣Ĺɽ͹Сɽܿģǿһ˻ֵõģͬˡĲǡ
˺ܶ˶ܱĴǵҲܸϽõ˶ܺõõȥȺ֣ҪõļڴҵĹϵãͬ˶Ӳδ౯ʹҲõһӰˡ
ԶѾ¶ҰеӶˣЩûȥ˼ҶңҺûɽȻ˿ܾǡ
ԺܵǣǴ峤ܶȻ֪ȥɽΣգҲԼȥˡ
ԶԹҲкøУʱóæĶģǲµġ


16½ɽѰ

̾һ鲻Ǻܺãϣû£ǴɽɽǰҲһ£˺ܶ׳ҲˣҲҲ¡
ԶһĹɣ̣ǳ塭
ҡҡͷǸĻǴ֣ΣվһܽɽһҶǺ˿ϧֻһŮҲǶģ̷ɽʯԲﶼס⸽˭ȥɣڻɽֻǣӺҰϹǸûУһڵĻ߳϶粽У³ɽҰ޺ܶ࣬Ҳ̷ɽôôԵʣΪû˭ɽжΣա
ô˭׬ǮǰҲû˴ɽ⣬ϧ̫أôҶʵˣЩǮעǵġ
ԶЦһ֮ǰҲ˵̷ɽΣգҲǳţ»顣
˭뵽ɽϻΣأȥ˾Ͳ׳
ڸһѡĻᣬһǽɽ
ڰЩ˵ˣƺͻڲ⣬һ뵽֮ǰ;جΣеˮݸ˶ƺ͵һжȥˣһˮúϢϢ
ܸɻϣСû£֮ǰͻȻȥˣܲˡ
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ɿŶƺţܵ̾ϢúϢɣֻҪڱǺ£̷ɽԺĪҪˣɽеΣʵ̫࣬Ҳʵ̫ϧ
֮ǰȰ˵ǣ˭Ҳ£Ψһϣľ¡
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ɽУһС
ͳľ裬ֵŵĵúܽ
ѾӣͻȻִͣ˸ͣµƣɫʱһ䣬ż˸ϽһôţϽ
ŵѪζƮɢһֵ
ҲϽԱߵһôһôϣ˽ŵúܣرĽź£ȫֿʼ
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˶ܺ£֮ǰԤĽѾ֣Ⱥѹû뿪
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Ǿ޷뿪ˣԵķʲô˵ŵǵζϾǵı
ϴҳŵĶƥǣǲδһ㳯һȥ
ֵԼĪһӣһʱ伸˶ø
һԶˣֻλǿˣǷҪɽ
СֵҲͳһжҪ˵ġ
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۾ڳ˼Ҳìܵģɽежǰ˵һǽӴҲ֪Ⱥ׺
Ѿߵתȥֲĸʡ
ҪһѣòܵСȥ
һҧ͹Сֵܵһ鷳λˣһҪҵҪˣҪʬ
͹С˼Ҳᣬǰ·ֱӽɽ
ΪȺ˶ߵСŬڹ۲ܵ
ڴʱָŲԶһɽµǱߣСľǴȥģǸϽȥСġ
Ҫȥȴסˣ㻹ǡ
ǵСʲô⣬Ȼģȥûǹȥա
СֵҲ͵ǻǱȽϺá
סɹȥæ
˼ȴ˼ΪǺãǾŷڰɡ
ҲǱˣ˵ĻȻûȫ˵Ѿ²⵽һЩĶûôġ


17

̾Ϣһⲻ⣬˼Ǻģ˵ǲ
ҲͬĿܣһҶ
˵ļ϶˺Сˡ
ѾĴ㣬ȴû뵽СľȻû£˶ʱϲб¡
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Сû뵽ԼȻܻţڹϣһֻ˵ϡ
ܼǰһѷסСģСĵǼ
ǾȻˡΪԼҲãɽµʱǡùһʯͷ棬ֻվϿһۣû˱ֱ׷˶ȥ
ҲһղŻԼҪô뿪ȶһֻҲһֻھʱˡ
ܼǧֻһá
Сĵļ򣬽ſСֵˣܲ鷳Сɽ
СˣԱѰұȻǣСֵҲס
ӵ£Сɽ
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ʵҲСǡùɽ£ڱ˹ûôˡ
СõĵܷڵϣŰСķŷȥ
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ѪζûɢȥԽѪζԽŨ
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˶һ˹ȥȴһ߱˺ҧʬ壬ʬ屻ҧأϡܱϳ˭ǻĶӣʱʬǷǼɽߡ
ĳܺòδȺǵԽԽΪĵطַʬ塣
Ǻܳصʬɽ
СɽﻹϣлڰϲԼһ㣬ðԼҵĶҲһڰϲҡ
ľʬƣԶδ飬òڹ͹ӵİ²Űʬ
һϢ˵˻ˣȫ
һ۾ͿԼĿȫǵĶӣſӵʬʹû취ܵ顣
֮ǰл룬ǻ붼ûˡ
ҵĶúòҰţš
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˶ڴţ󲿷˶ǿϷһ㿴Ż
ѻӵʬ£Ȱ˵㻹ôˡ
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鲻Ǻܺã⣬ȥ˶֣ܵ߻ΪѣȻ̡
Ҫʲôʵ
ɥҶôôҲҪڸһ⳥ɡ
ЦһҪӣ֮ǰ˵ҪѰӵʱΪβ棿ȴΪܶթˣҶӿǻڸһӣҪǻһǮûС
˵ҲҶˡ
ԶҲܱʹһʬ̾ϢһǲʺϰǴߣڴһ˰ɡ
ЩȥˣϾôᣬȹҲ˶١
ûмˣǾҪмûǰʬ˻ȥ
Զ̾ϢһЩۣǶǹ¶鷳ˡ
Ǿ࣬ҲЩĲ̣ȻҼҺɽһֵأǰǱȥɣڹײֻҲʵġ
˶Ҫȵʹ˲ŸԼٹףҪǱĹܰæ
ˣ˭йײ
˳̾Ҽײġ
ֱóӸ˴ȥҲ֪
еĶӺʵϣӹˡ
ܸмϽ˰æڷء


18

Ǯð£ɥвʣǿˣǸ˴ӣײֵǮ
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Ի̰ܷУʶ֪һҺܺã֮ǰĶҲһɽֻΪһЩԭɽԺûһӪСġ
ڴײĴǲ˱ˣû뵽ʶȤȻǰĸ첲еһ˦ֱӰѻ˦ŭһۻ棺ϽȥĶ뿪
֮ǰ˵ɽѰ˵ʱ򣬻һΪΪӵģڻȻҺ޳ܵǰҴڸУǴЦİɣôúŪô
ϵֺ˲øȫ˫ֲһʲôԸͲԸǹײ㻹ɵɣҵĹײֵֻһӣҼҵĹײĲǶĺá
ƽ˵ײֻ͸飬Ҳûʲô
ڻм䵷ң˵һӵģĿҲô
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ЩԹԼôʶ˲壬ȻΪĶǺˣʵ̫˰
ں˵Ҳӣұܵľɵӵ˼ѿڱҿ˹ײٸҶ򰡡
˵˻Ҫ׬ǮܵĴһŻ
֮ǰЩֵ˲䰲š
һԻԹŴ˵Ļڶ˵˵һ򲻺ͣȻܻӵʼղðɡ
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Ϊʱϵȥ˿˵˴峤һʺʱ䣬ֱӰȥᰲ
鸴ӣһһʹԶ΢΢һ̾һε˭벻û뵽ժʯôΣգ֪һҪȰ¼ˣȻü˳ȥ֡
ûʼնǺҩ
ȥˣԶԼ⼸˴ʱܵ䡣
ĵ˺ܾòŵԺǰģһȥǷֽġ֪Щ뿪˿ԺҲˣϾϵʱûôƵĹӸ硣
οһȺһ´ͲͨοЩ˳¡
һæѾʱ֣Ѿ׼˷ˣȻǴֲ赭Ҳܿ׼һж˼ġ
ԶΪжҲ˺ˣܹһҲˡ
һ˳˷Ҳû˵ʲôѻӸˣ׼뿪
һǣͦġ
Զ֮ߵǰһǮ˹еǼҲٶһҲЩǸĹǮзǮҪ£ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļҵҡ
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ˡϵԶ֪Ϊһ꣬ųһ䡣
ɾܾĻᣬתֱ뿪˴ӡ
ɿԶС̲סСһŪ˿ڡ
⻰崺磬ԶǹһĨԼײЦ
ŽԶȥˣеǮһͷͼһ̰ģֻ۾ֱĶǮ֣̰ı˿Ρ
ɸϽǮŽнԺӡ
ѾԺĶ̫ܶණҷš
ɰǮݸ˹ûʱǮ򿪰ӵ˳ҪϡĴ˿һĻһ쳤ԴҪжӡ
һȤĻϣֻ۾Ǯ۾գˡ
ǮһӵмʮͭǮеļҵ
һȴùʵҲ˵ˣȵĿһ۹ɿĿİͰ͵⼸λӳҲ̫ˣɲСĿ
һӶڴɽıðվɽҲ׬⻹ܹԵʱ
ǾȻֱӸһӵĹǮѵǮ˺֮Ĳô
վڲԶǿˣһҲſˮСžҪôŪԼС


19´

пӵˣ˭Ӷ࣬οҹɽ͹Сɽ˻βһĲˬ
һεһûܵʲô˺ģҪ˵ջľǹһңʣ°ͷҰⲻ˵һӣҪǴӴ˽⵽ˣ֮ǰɺǳӿȥ峤˺ܶණҲûȹɣʳҲʣ°ɡ
ЩĽѣһֱҪôЩ㵽ԼС
ҰӲ壬ԼҲþûгˣʳ͸˵˰ƽʱԺӣھƣ๫ͶӿȾƵġ
ֻҲɵڵֽˣҪҪЩЩѣⲻ
ɿһЩ£֮ǰɽҲҩôŶǮһξȻõôӣȻе㲻
𾪣Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ҳӣü֪ЩӸûԶûԶǰǮȥ
ûϺ͹ô˵ҪǸҲǲ֮࣬ǰųȥɽѰҴߣǰԴ˩ڿƴڸһӵҲҲ֪ҪӶĻࡣ
ڼǮʱɲԼĵӻȥǿָѾ˺Զˣǿô׷˵һҲæôã׶ûúϢҲæǰæ󣬸һӾ͵ǵѣͰպãôǼҲиϲǡ
ĵȰ˵æôú
̾Ϣһǳ˵Ȼ˵ȷǹˣҰ⻹ʣһأǳԶǳԺþˣľҲûк꣬Щǰ׻Ӱ
;Զһ˸ĺôʵ̫ˣǼռıʵ̫е㲻
ɶ֪ô˵Լˣʵ̫ˡ
ȽȥϢˣ̫ˡ˸ֱӽӣԶͳ˯ģ׻ĸɾıףҲûжٽֱӽ˱ѣֻǲ˯͸оͷжԴеۡ
ͷÿȴͷ·һǮǮܾǮϻһ塣
ӵֻԶԶǮĴǮȿһţƤֽµֽľ̿дµģּԾ
ģñ֪򵥵һ仰ù𾪲ѣڿһԼеżʵǲżȻԶµģӻרģԶҪʲô
кܶܶʣʱеʶѹԴһȷʱ򲻻ݣǮӶ˳üһֱӾˣȻ˽ӣȻһűȻƶһĽӣֵҲ
ϻмͭǮѹסеļСİѽӺӶܿ죬ЩӶԶģΪʲôķӸӣ
һ⣬ջǰѼѹȥСİǮ˴ϵŵĹȲ棬Ҳӵˣּ
ȻԼڲûҪӻԶģϾڵĺ
ԺĻû˯һԺĳʱӴãȻĿһ档
ȴ̹̫̫ɱǧģǲǲǡ
΢һĹһ£һ̫̫ƽʱɲҵİô˾ȻҲ˵ã
Ѳ֮ǰϿҵӣߥ̫̫ҪǮˣ
ֻ뵽ܣҪô鷳ˡ
̫̫Ȼ̣һҲϣ˼ҵ̶۰ԼŮ˵رٲ̫̫
СǰŹ̫̫Ĵģӷּ֮Ǽ϶ٲ¶٣̫̫Ͳ̤Ǽˣ˻˵һҶ
һ뵽⻰ɾڹ̫̫֪²ˣһ϶ֻһĿģҪ
ѾЬߵſڣеãȻĿ̫̫վԺϡ
ϵСϷҲµ߰˰ˣǱ̫Сˡ
վڹ̫̫ǰͷһίϺͷŭĹùᵽһӲѰζ
ûô򵥡
ӲÿÿһøĹûٹҲҪǸסһǿԾТĵ㲻ϡ


20ս

֪ģһֱҪһһˣ̫̫͹̫үƶѹƲϹɼң˵ǸŹһסˣǶ࿴ɼһ۶м
Զǲ߶ã̫̫ˣһֻģ϶Թ̫̫˵ʲô
ԼӦ̫̫ƽܵվţŹ̫̫
̫̫ƺܲģƺһĵ˵ôϻǰҪòǮ˲óТ˵ùȥô
ǰ˵ÿʳǳʳҳ͵ƽʱöȣôͻȻҪǳˣ
Լе뷨˵Ǽһ˼Ŷһ͵ȲˣԽԽĺǰɵһۡ
֪ԶŶһᣬûһӣ׾ȲҪӣ̬ȻôǿӲ
˶ǰֵģܶ˶ΧЦš
̫̫ͷúܣһûõĶҺҵûиסҪǸס㻹ðϽӣҪǲǲТ
⻰ŭˣǰһЩԴȥʱûһۣôԼ⣬Ȼô壬
˻ϼƺô
ǰһŭôһñӿҵͷϣ˵Щô峤Ǽ֤ˣҵÿøʳһ٣Ȼ˵ҵТ˳ôܺǰѴ峤
һվԺһǵĴ鷳æд峤һˡ
һæת뿪ȷҪ峤ѾܽķΧڡ
̫̫ȫǱģԽԽߣûǮԽԽˣֺ㲮ĸ˵ʱһţӴôӱҪҡ
¹ɳԿ˳ɵѣȴûоЦ˵⻰еЦˣǮʲôҵǱˣΪҷְƱۣƱ΢һ˼Ҿʹŵǰ۸Ҽһӣҵ˩ڿϴǼλӽɽ׬ġ
˵һ仰ʱ򼸺ǺģۿŹ̫̫Ź̫̫һҪӰǸһǮ㣬ҪҲԣӽʼͰҼסڴĸôɻģǼҰңֻҪӾͻ㻨ģһ㡣
˵깴ǣĥҪô顣
̫̫úܣɵÿһ仰һֱ1ؿڡ
ں޲ǰ˺ùɵ죬ҲԼŮúܣҪжӾ͸ѡ
ôջҪ޳ȥǮǮûѾǲס
Ц˵⻰Ͳˣ˵Ǯ˭ǮûѵģôĳѵҲԼʲʺ˵Ļʲ
ػһˣŮֻҪԼбԼͱǿ
˶ܾȣɽȻ˵еĻȻײԣϸһĥɵĻͦ
üšԼ๫ĶѵһһСﶼ֪ĵ㲻֪Ů㻹ңûŮô
Ժѧŵ㣬Ů˺õ㣬һһǮﲻǮһ

ĶԻڴݡ
ϺȥҲнǰŹɲעʱֱһѹɣֵĽѵѾͷ˵ʲô˭ĵ˵
վǹȻûзû뵽ϻ˺һûܵʲôӰ졣
̬ŭٸµģǲǻһܣ
ըëѹӡ
ǵһ˸˵һ仰ԼԼġȻԼԼӣα档
ϡϺǡһŵѾͷôˣ㳤һôˣ㻹ܳҲɡ
˵껹ŵĹЦ
Цǲҳ㣬ΪŭˣһһѲŹƽ
˵ܴڻһʱԥǰʹȫϾһѣû˿׼˺üպܾյվȡ
һֱûֹɣΪģǱùɲˡ


21һʯͷȥ

ɺܷŭϺ͹̫̫ʵ̫֣ǰˮҪ輦вǰλܹ̿
Ŷһ᣿һ֪ӵҪ̬ȻӣֻҪӾ͸˫ַϣκһԹԣܷƾʲô
ϱˣͬըëøģʽȫһֲֻһָֻŹɾС˾Ȼңһ㶼֪ǲǣŲҽ㡣
Ц˵Ҳ𱰣صֵֻصģ˵˵ֵˣϽ߱ҼԺãҪûС
ʲôЦҺòһӾȻҪ
̫̫ʱˣʵеûͨǰǸ˫ȴĹôͻȻ֮ôǿˣˣ˵ҲͦؼǣԼҷϵĶӾȻҲ÷ˣǰһֱùȴ
ԼƺʲôŶ̶̼ô仯ô
̫̫ɫúܣһֱӺ˵ҪҪӰɡ
ܼ
ǰΨǴӵĶӶôǿӲˣ̫̫˵ãúãǳӲˣڹܲסǲǣҲûǲ
һ뵽һӾͲƽĴҪһӶѰ˵ǮˣܶˣһԼиõĺ
˵ӿҪȢ޵ģٲӡ
棬ܸӣǰӦúУȴ˿ܲů̾Ϣһ棺ǶڣҲ̫˵ҾТТ˳ŴҶ˵乫ӷּÿһĹûٹһ˵ÿٶʳҶǮӵĴﶼ֤㵱˵ˣƽʱǮһҳһԵʳҳ
ּҵʱ̫̫˺ܶծҵһҪТʳνǸѩϼ˪ЩûԹϾԼ
ڣĥȥģҪҪߣһȣ׵ĿԼ׵Ѫ飬أںֻ档
ҡҡͷЦŴסѺ÷ӷָ˴ҲԹ㣬ӲǼҲԹ㣬ӻбɩҩƫ̻ɩҲ㣬ǰˮǮ㲻裬˸ǮҲ㣬˺ܶܶҶ㣬һǼλӸҵǮʱܶ˶ԸȥΪ¶Ҳ£뵽Щ˾Ҽȥˣ˻ȥģֻҲЩˣҪȴܸ㡣
һϯùɵЩۣһᣬЩôܵίر뵽Ǹӡ̧ͷŹԭ֪
̫̫ЩĻţϺ϶ӺӵΪһӲ˵ģڵô˵˵˳
Ȼӵ˶ˣһϵ񶼴̫̫ҲƲ𣬸ǴҶͬһңû˻ЩǼٵģΪ˰
˵Щʲô㲻ǲõ̫̫ŭ
ɫһеһ˿Թ̫̫ûˣо仰˵öԣŮҪԼŮˣôĲְΪԭԼĺеĴ̣޹Լ
εϵ֣ίˡ
ϵֹסµǶߵ顣
Ҳޣҧסˡ
ŭʮĿŹ̫̫ϣЩծҪֻ
ӣ̫̫ϵһʯͷ
ȺʯͷѾ˹ͷϣѪ˲˳
ɵˣɻ˸Ͻǰֻоͷһۣź֪Լ˿ڣץһѪ
ŸϽȥòɼˡ
̫̫û뵽ԼҵԴһޡ
˿̵Ĺһû˭ȥƽϹ̫̫µúܣ뵽ǸֹѪ
ΪǵĹϵкܶϴɾĲòŹͷ˸ϽæоĶһԳıߡ
ɴ峤ˡ
û뵽Լôʱ£Աߵ˸Ūȥ
ĺܣǰһƴϵϣʳӣ㾿ǶЫĳ
Щ£ţôʹҸʲôŴȴǰܣΪվŵĸ˶Ǹϵõġ


22ҳһ

ǹָ̫̫֣ɣ˹̫̫
˿̵Ĺ̫̫ûйĹˣ˵ûĹϵǰҪϣ룬ԼһϹͷѵҶֲɣҪǸҶֱӵز
һкܶˣ̫̫ǰҲڶƣȴһЦĿŹ̫̫˿أһΪ㺦˼Ҷ˵ʳӣɽе磬Ҫǳи͵Ŷ״ΰɣ̫үɱɲǲˣ˾öġ
ΪһҴ򱧲ƽԹ̫̫ĺô˭֪˼˭㣬ȴһֱ֮ǰЭֻҪʲôҰζҪ̫̫ȥҲû˹̫̫޵Ĺ
̫̫Ȼ޳ܵҪǮֱӰѹˡ
ܵ˶ԴĻнкã̫̫͹֣Ҫ֪Т˳ˣ˿˵ûбøõġ
̫̫ôӵ̬ȶԴΪϵĺùܲˣοڹ˻֪
˰æҲ̫̫׷ŹȻǹҵļ£ҲǼˡ
οһǲóģһТ־ѹˣһ̫̫ûϵ಻һµ
峤Ѫ˹վڴԱںڵĶŹ̫̫ųɣҪǳҿô죬̫ү϶Ҫȥġ
Ѿ˹ȥȻѪѾûôˣҲֹۡ
ȥˣֻ
ԼϽĴӻ飬֤ˣԶЩָƣ˵һҶԹ̫̫˼ˡ
̫̫͹̫үͻδʱλӹǶǿƽʱɻһּ֣ҵʱͲƽκιҲ˵ʲôƽʱũæʱҲ̫̫һһ㡣
ÿһĹȴûп˹̫̫㣬ͷּˣһ׬Ǯٸ̫̫ûϵ֪׬һӾڵҪʵ̫Ҫˡ
̫̫һһģ˵⻰ҪǴ÷峤ĻȨҲе㵣ǣùû顣
Ʋµġ
ŰѹͽӵĹһ⻰жԹĵǣҲжԹ̫̫ķŭ̲סĳǰҪ̫̫ƴȴۼֿĴץס
ţǰһЩغһԹ̫̫˵ЩдΪϲȫֵصˣڻУûзʡԼĹȴ˵
ſңһȥҲҪҸ˵ĵطɴۿҲˡ
۵İѹһѵ⺢ɵǰʲô밡Ҫǳȥ˼˵㲻Т˳ײһТ˳ĴñӿͷϾ͹ܵģҪһ˵ĵطҴ峤峤ġ
һԵĴ峤Ҳ࣬Ҳ߹̫̫̬ȣԼڻԣ˵ʲô֮ǰЩȫǶԵģ˾ɽе硣
һĵɰο𼱣Ҹ
ˣȻǴ峤Ҫ縺ӵĹƽȻ̫̫ǹף̫̫׵ҪֲҲТģ̫̫̬ǿӲһܽܣأТ˳£о˿ֲϹӣ˭ѵô
̫̫ܾô峤ƺһû峤ɫƾʲôҼҵļ¡
쳤ܴѹͲӶ¡
峤ЦˣЦúɵ˰ɣڳ˾ͲǼ£Ǵ峤Ҳǹҵ峤ûȨܲ˵㣬ҲϹͷ˵㣬Ǵôô졣
΢ˣ峤ĻһŶ裬Ҵ峤ô˶Ÿ
ȷðǶȥˡ
ɲǣϻ˼ӣ˼ҶĺӶǺ˻ôƫҲˣôҲǹˡ
һһ˵ţÿһ˵࣬鲻ܾˡ
ϼˣһӵģԽԽ󷢣˵ļŭ̳ܲģʲô°
峤ʼչЦҪܣҪǹûµã£ԲŹǰˡ


23¾Ƕ

ЦЦ޴ʱȻ˵ֻ
̵ǹˣ֪Ϊʲô峤ôΪʲôҪ峤ôΪⶼǰ谡˭Ҫƽ鴦峤峤ô֪ˣ㷴Ӧô󲻹Ǻ´峤ʱڳթӣһȥⲢҪģȻǵķӦŻңǳʲôĿĲ˵˰ɡ
峤ӻ˵ĺܶԣΪʲôΪʸ񰡣Ǵ峤Ҳ峤˲ƽҲܻ˭ܹܣΪһТ˳Ͱѳѹ÷ΪҲɵô
ΪŰɲһҪΪֻع
ҾҪǰλϱһͷ
̫̫Ĳƽô峤ƫ̻һңӵҲƫ̻һҸԣЩʵ̫ɺˡ
Ƕ£ҽԼҪǹܡ̫̫Դǡ
峤жбǰѹͲܡ
ܰҾǶôˡ
̫̫ƽʱڴͦǿᣬڹɼҸΪ˻޼ɵûִܸС
Ҵ峤̬ԽǿԽ飬νӲž˿̵Ĺ̫̫ͷջǵһ۴峤תҪ뿪
ǲ𻹶㲻ôԼֻҪ˴峤ͲΪˣֻһι̫̫뷨е棬Ȼ峤飬ôͲ׵ķοڴţôصôܹù̫̫˵߾ߡ
վס峤ĺ
ֲ߾ߵģ峤߾ߵģ峤ţ鲻ưոݡ
̫̫εתȴ֮ǰ˺ࣺܶ㻹
峤ָָеڻԲѣҪţͳҵҲ˵һ㣬ֺдúһҸڵʳһҸƽʱãȡֻˣ㳤Ҳܵͷ
ҽԼʲôͷҲûô̫̫Ѫ˵š
ĵеѹסԼĻˣŭĵŹ̫̫õɱ㣬ǲǿԶ˵Ϊҵɱû
ĺ̫̫ƣҪúÿԴ澿װŵʲôѪѾ޷ݹ̫̫ˣ˵Ķԣɽе硣
̫̫´峤¹ɰɵôǰײеĻ֪Ѿͷǲ޷ˣ˵
ɳһЦǺǣǺЦ㻹ǵ̰Ҳ˵֪ŵӿʳҵʲô˵ʲôʵ˵ˣҵҪǳ飬иʲôҶȻŹǡ
ϱ̫ųԾûǮΪⱲӣԼܵ˺ǿøҲù̫̫Ը
ᳶ˳С⺢˵˵ʲôЩܶԳ˵ġ
ûôļɵˣ׵Ŀ˹̫̫ĵΨһŵһҲûˣϣһ̿ʼһŹ
ɻͷܸмǰһվ˴峤ԣһ棺ֻ֪ҵҪˣֻԼжܺúõıҵŮӣⱲҲҪúñҵ˭Ҫ۸ҵݹҲǰ֪Ůӣұ֤ҾԲҵܵ˺
࣬Ҽ棬濴ֵ˶ܶݣһ䣬ֻԼж˶Ĭˡ
ǰĹɱøߴôТ˳Ůʲô˼ֻǻԼĵûҴ˲ǹ
峤͹ɵĳ֮ģÿ
Т˳ĺӣܳΪТТ˳ûܹܣ˸ҰϿ׼ˣֻҪûͲܷǡ
ɵĹתӡ
峤Ļܹã̳˼λǿ׳ӣ⼸ѹ̫̫Χ׵ľ󴺣λܻǴ峤ӣ⻹мҲһࡣ
ҲܰЫĳ˻ټͻȻԼļ˻ֵ̫̫ܽģǾǵ˰˱Ѫùˡ
ɵĹ壬һֱĵҪ飬ղ򵥵Ĵ˹˿ڣҲֹѪˣǲ֪


24°״

ɺܵԼԲѣһ˵ԴϣʧѪ࣬Ҳóһʱ䣬ؼһ˴
̫̫ķһۣдԹޣûڹ̫̫ϸ̵ܵůϱԲڴҪʱ򣬹̫̫Ҳֻ˵ŷһȥ̫̫һʱаᶫһѼ΢ֵǮһļҾ߶ˣ΢һҲߡ
ֻ̫̫֮Ҫ̫̫̫ǻúТ˳ģڡڹ̫̫ϿȫǳڸôһҺ͹̫̫֮Ĺϵѹɡ
תӣŴŻڻеĹһԺ۾ϵѪ
˫ִϼϰοµġ
ѾȥΨһľܹѹ
Ժ濴ֵ˽ɢˣɰ˵ӳ峤ҵĵӲԼҰ˼ӳ
̫̫û˹ܣվԺӵĽ߱˶ţȴû˸ӣվϾܲˣŽŵ취㿴ʵ̫ˡ
̫̫ϾˣȲϣҪΪһʹˡ
˿еˣбһϽͣһ㣬黹ģ˵ʲôҪɽȢޣֳ⵵¡
йɽĻ±ʲôҪɽͻδȢޣڴѾǺûӵ¡
̵һžͱȺϽóЦҲܡ
ԹɽĻѾһĲ
뷴ȴңȴпҪǿڹ̫̫еãô˵ĵ
ڨڨһЦŹֱֺ̫̫õףⲻļô룬ȻһδɽСɽ׬ӣⶼƴ׬İβĻǮأҲɽȴһ˶ûУ׬һҲ̫ˣʲǿƾʲôôˣܿȴҵĺ
̫̫ƺһĻ˼˼ҽɽûҿ˵峤ҵȥȥˣ˼ҹҲǸӵģһεҿˣòˣȡҪǳҩǮɡЩĲʵĿһӵķ
󴺴ŴʱѾˡ
̫̫ϻסɽŹ̫үҲˣһҪѹ̫̫ϴߡ
峤˹һĵ˹̫̫Ǳߡ
΢һЩһ۾ͿİƹҲҽݵİ״ϲǰ񣺡ҵȫ״ˡ
ɽ·Ѿ֪Ź΢΢ͷӡ
˴򣬹İ˲٣ŽվһԿŰɽ˿ڡ
ɽϤİַЩȣ˭ĵǰܺá
ϺܵĹǵĻش𣺡СŮġ
ɽ࿴һ۹ɣȻ¸˿ڣűǺȷûʲô֮ʼűд
ûʲô󰭣֮ԻΪѪ࣬һˮʱ׼һϡ࣬óԶеúúòһҲȥˣһȥҩʱŸ˺˾ûˡ
ɽһҪ˵Ķ˵ˣɺ϶һ
Ҫǰɽϲߣֱ̫ˡ
ϲϽллл򡣡
ɽʼʰһֹģջûпڰԼҪѧҽ뷨˵˵ϾǰԼĺ·ˣΪ˽ɽǰ˵ҽвŮͽҲŮͽ
ͻȻֺҪܣæ˳ȥ
󲮹һҪ峤ƴļơ
Ҽҵٹܣ˭֪ʲôè˼ǲǿҵܼܵһҪ˰һȸ״Ŀǡ
峤ҲƲ磬һЦģҲǱˣҲ֣鲻Ҳϣߣȵ˵˵ɡ
һ¶Ҫֹ˭ס
Źɽ͹СɽֱҪˡ
峤ֱӵǰ档
峤һɫĿŹ̫үϸ磬Ҫڲܽӣٸ˵˵Ҿ͵öˡ
һ붼ǹˣ峤Ļʼ壬˭˭Ҳɵʱ϶վڶԵһ
̫ү˲εЦݣ֣ȴ˵˵ɣϾװѱ˴ˡ
ˡĿһۣ̫үûаӰ


25ָ

ʲؿܡ
үү˵⻰ɾͲˣүүѵҵôôڴүүҵͳ˱ˣҺҵڻ˹ȥүү˵仰Ҫ˹ֵˡ˵⻰νص
̫үߵľǹɣǮ˵ĵأҿүүʲô
ѹͲһףϸղ˵ҵǱˣȻӶϣôŮˣǮɾͺЦˣҪ̫⻰Ҫӹײˡ
žϰ˹̫үһƣ̫үòС
˷ˣѾͷȻҶײˣֱ޷죬޷찡ߵָŹɺܷŭ
ƺһˣʲô磬Ҳʵʵ˵ˣһҸûϵҲһΪϲ˰ˣһҿүүƽϣҵҪ˵
׵׵ĿǰЩνˡˣʵ˾öġ
˵ײΪûӣ׼Ϻã̫ʵҲֺôλ˾ƫ̻ϡ
׶ĺӱϺλ˿ʲôû˵ּҵʱǼҾͷƷӣڿ죬ھӴæҲⷿӣ֪ôĲƽТ˳ˣδܶʱ򣬿Ӱ˾ǰּңͿʼʳĲǹϷ˵һ䡰áй̫үһ䡰ˡ
峤ù˵ĻûŹ̫үЦһ˵ϸ磬ںǰˣʲô磿˵ĻǵôӦѲǴеʹ
һԵĴܱĵɲǴʹ߳ŭ밡˾ǰͿʼڸ˹ˣʮТ˳ֲϹӣأЩʵ
ɺܸмĿһ۴
̹ȻĿ̫үȻҵһι˺ҵҲܾʹ˰ݡ
峤Ҳͬһ˵ȷܾˣǳףٸǾͲȥˣ⳥ٲ˵ģһδҪӡ
״ʱ󴺰˵һ飬Ҳ֪ľ𣬿˵ķӦǹ̫̫߲ռԺ̹ȻҩǮϿӴҪǮʧѪҲҪһ壬ЩԼһ㡣
̫̫Ǯʱɴ۾һҪ˰״ģ
ǹթӵİɡòԴһ˵ѪôֲʲôȻҪôǮ
״Ŀһ۹̫̫ʱã˵⻰ʲô˼ҽʮڱԼϵİҽǴӵӦ˼ҩƹɣûпӹҵǮ˵˵һ˵ȱǮ
ʱԹ̫̫֮ǰԹ̫̫ĹеƬ棬ڣܵһ˵᲻
⸽ѹûƲģʮ總˲˶ȥҽƲ״ҲϤͲӴǮΪ塣
°״׷Ȱ˵״״ﶼ˽״ģ״ﶼ֪
̫ү˳̫̫ѣԹ˵ˣԺ˻ָ״Ʋأʮҽõľǰ״򣬸ϽǰǸ״Ϣŭ˲Ǹ˼ֻǮʵò
״´̫үһۣûֻܿǮҷ峤˵ˣǮ쾭壬ӣҲøǮƲɣο˼ҳôĿͷ
˵һ״û˵ˣᴦϾһ
峤˿ڣһǮ˽ˡҲø̫̫һҷϻ
̫̫ˡ
ôǮˣŲģۿһһǣû¶ۡ
峤ƺ߰һ۹̫̫ˣû״˵Ҫһ壿һ˶ѪǿϾ֪򼦵ѼⲻǮҩǮ˵ʱ䳤û취飬Ҫ⳥ǮˣЩҸӸϽˣŴﶼһ֤һתˣ
̫үòУǶǼƫǼҡ
峤ЦǲǴƫ˵乫
˶Ц峤һëûУȻ˵峤ƫʵǡ
Ϸ˼䲻ԸûôǮ


26±֤

ʱվ˳̹ȻûôǮǶǲǲԸǮǲԸǺǮҼҿԲҪҲҴ㣬ɣ㲻һӣӺСһҲֻԴһ¾Ϳˡ
Ҳܴ˿ж죬һӵĻЩ͵Ŀɣʵ̫ûУ˭֪ϷӣҪҸÿϺü죬ھϷҪ˶ˣаӽһ塣
ϲˣǰָŹɾͽƾʲôҪҶӣûСС;ȻЫĳ
ɵһϵҪ᲻ܿ࣬ҲǿԵģ˵ЫĳҲǸѧģ֮ǰ˭³ҪҸ˵˵ô
վ濴ֵ椵׵ǹɽһѣɲˮģɽɾˣΪûʵҿˡ
椵ȻСǱվŵˣ˲ҽͷӶкüùĳĶ죬ɽ֮ǰҪɰ˭֪ҪǹһԵ￳ֻ¹Ѿûˡ
ڹʲôġ
ʣҪ飬ֻŵƴˣﻹôõƢｲ֮֮
ȻԼ飬ɵӲŻϰɣҪǳ˾ıˣҼҴɽŲ顣
椵ĻѾ˶֪龭˵⻰ֻ˴ҵİۡ
ϷеΪļһûĶŹɵ㲻ûôǮ˵ôˡ˹ɣѾͷ촦͸Ź죬ӱ˲˵ӻˣҪǼȥӵóҲöˡ
ûóһС˴峤۲С
峤⣺⳥õˣ˵˵ͳ֮飬ҪûǴĻֺдֻڵʳҪӣƽʱҪӶһҹܣȡֳôĶñ֤Ժų֣ܳһ׬˶ӸǶûϵﶼ֤ˡ
ϼˣۿŹ̫̫͹̫үһϣһղһգľͳǼҵĸԺǻỨܶӡ
ɲаλԽԽԺ϶Ҫһҳеһзÿɲ԰
˵ʶԼ˵ˣ˹̫̫Ͼ̫̫ϻвٵӣûŪأ̫̫̿νͣûб˼ֻǾøһӳ
ֻ̫̫Цһ
峤ɲ˵ģ˾˼ҳǰԼТ˳ԸԼҳԲҲǰѸТĶТˣοԼҲΪǼռеĺôڽ˻Ǯ࣬úôʱôôˡ
̫үоԼ涼ˣڴôʮ꣬һ۵ġ
һӵôԼôֺҲˣԺ㻨ٶҲϴһҳе϶һһֻڵʳ
һվڹҲģǺ⡣
Ϸһ뿪
Դ峤Ĺɺܸм
ǰм峤Ǵ峤м˵һ乫һһ֪ᱻ۸ʲôӡ
峤Ҳмѡ
˶뿪Խ˽̸ֵʡ
峤̾Ϣһϵ㻹̫һ㣬ɵıֵҸеģһô۸ǵǶˣԼҪǲվ˭Ҳﲻ㣬һҶԼɡ
ϵͷڷ˼ԼĴ
ȵһߣɽݡ
״УȤĿɵҷſԺӽɹƺõ󶬣˭Ƶģ
ҩһ㶼ǲƵģſַܶԣ֮ǰ˿ڰַҲרҵ˲СȤ
Ҳ˰ŵ˰״ԱߵƵģҶԲҩƶһ㣬ԲҩҩҲһ㣬ʵұҰ״Ҫڰҽҵġ
״Ӳˣǵһμô뷨Ůӡ
ⲻ֪ϱӵĹڰҽҲ˺ܳһʱ䣬֪״һĳܺõˡ
ѧҽ״еʵ
ûϣ˵֪ҽвŮȻѧҲ룬ʵֻʶҩϤҩ뾡ܵ˽ҩҲˣʵ̫ƶʳճɲãҪǿԵĻҾֲҩúܶࡣ


27Ҳͬ

վ²ûݣ͵ŹɺͰ״̸
״ܲĿŹɣӵ񣬽һȫûаû뵽ɽͷô뷨Ůӡ
뷨ǺõģֲҩĻȷֲʳ׬ǮҲҩҲܴ󣬱ңЩҩҪҪĲҩǮܹ󡣡
ɱ棺֪Ҫ״ܲӦһҪһԡ
ҲǻȥˣϾⷽԲʮҽõľǰ״򣬶ĳŴҲֻǻῪҩʵкܶҩϲȫЩ洫ҽ㲻жྫտ
״ĬˣҲìܣһڽɣһȴҪ£ԥ˺̧ܾ֮ͷࣺӦ𣿾ҴӦ㣬ҲδػӦɡ
Ҳ֪ʵԵⲢǰ״𲻴Ӧ״򲻴ӦĥŰ״дӦһ죬ҪԼﲻӦôûϣˡ
дżᶨһᾡ˵ҵġʵҲûס
ϳӣŹ˵Ļˣͬ顣
Ҳͬ⣬ҲͬġԼŮȥͷ¶ġ
еΪѵĿһϣҧҧΪβͬ⣬ʵҲ׵İɣƾڵ±ǿ˵һ˵ԺȲɣŮҪĲŮһããɽ֮УһȴǹͰ͵ӣŮԼжŮҪϺӰ
֪ԼжЩ˳ܶ࣬ΪԼŮӣžɹһӣһ˺ܶණԼǿô۸ųԲůӶԼá
̬ȺƫҲûе˵ǿǡ
ܼҲҪϺӣһŮͷ¶滵
ɿЦһϱΪνĺʲôᣬﲻ֮ûĹǣɺΪ˻˶ٰ취˶ٵĿͷأǱ
ʲôⱲĿǻţܻţܻţҲҪţҪúܺùúܺá
˫ۺỨϣ㣬ҪҪǼҵ˼ҲһиܵұΪνһ㣬ǳԲůҲûʲôԹԣϾ
žǿ˭Ǽڵĺ⡣
ŵֻŮһҪԺ޺һ㣬Ǽҵܼ޶ã˵Ҫô˵վӵԼҪҪǹϺӣŰ״ѧϰҩϤÿһҩǼҵĵ̫ƶ񤣬ѧҾͿԻֲҩҴһԺΪŮأ
÷㶣״һ˿ɫ
ﻹǳϹ˵ÿһ仰ֻ䲻ôӣùɳȥͷ¶档
һǲȥͷ¶档ܺԼãЩ黹Ůġ
Цúůº͵ĶЦţЦĿ硣
£Ҳ쵽˵׵˰ɣ˵˵ʲô˼ң΢õ˼ѹͿǼҵļͽıڣôֻ΢һ˼ˣҼ޹ȥҪ˼һԲԣŮӹÿ϶ҲǽͰ͵ģⱲٻϲܰҪٲһ˵ҲǳԲůϣŮһô
ҡͷ˭ԼŮõģܹһʳǡ
ɼûֵܽã˵ҹܰɣøʮһԸȢң֪Ȣҵø͵ϣûԸɣԸֻҲȱ첲ģ˵⻰ͬô
ϵͷȷ˵ĶǺʵĶ
ɹǣϽ˼άС
˳ż˵ǲǺܲҲһӰɣҾ룬ϤҩŰ״úѧѧôһղǣԺǼҪʶҩԺͷɽҩϾ֮Ҳи׬ǮŵǺܺã֮˵Ҫף˵ǿܶϢԲӶȥˣҪʲôǮԺߣЩ˵ô
ȥ뿪ʮɽУȥ»һ


28˵

״һидǰڱҲͬĻѾޣͬĻھȻһλŮãȻĿ˹һۡ
һλŮ˵һֻĶҲ˲ġ
֪ɾʲôܹ˵˳˼ʡĻ
ʲôɲһôŬŮӣŹɵķǣȷչɼҵ˵Ҫһ˼һϲܣοûֵܽã˭ԸȢһŮȻ׸
ҲãȻˣ˵Ļʡ֪˵ǶԵģԸԼŮôãȻĿŹɣ˫Ŀ֮͸ãȻ
״̾һأⱾǵļ£Ͼǣо仰Ҳ֪
Ϻذ״Ȼ״˵ȥ
״͵Ŀɵ˵ĺеνź߸Ҫ̰οˣɵҿԴӦҵǮҲ̫࣬ÿǮͬԸҳɽԺסҩõĺԺһӡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻɾϲĺǽһġ
лл״򡣡
״ºһЦȱŸлң˵ǣﲻͬҲѰġ
Ŀϣ϶
ʱڴ˹̸ˣ˵ԼŮ˵һԼûòŻԼŮô࣬ôСͶʼΪδƻĺӶô档
ʲôȥɡ
ӦɰɡȴŬ˵˳
Ϻ͹һ̳ӣ˶ϲѣ֮ǰ״˵ˣֻҪѹûʲôˡ
ɼץŹһϲ˵ϽúϢ˰Ҹ
ﻹнûȴץס
ϣӣӦɰɣûûɹϺӣŰ״ѧϰץҩҲǺ£ԺɣҲΪӶ벻˽ﲻҪֻҪܻţܹĺܺⲻ뿴ġ
ǴӹŹһ˵ˣɺͰ״̸ˣ˵ÿһ䶼ʵԼŮ²ʳôȻ룬ĶϣԼŮܼ޵úãܹúãĲŵԣŲҲá
ϵĶҡˣҲ֪ɺ͹˵Ļе״Ҳ˵ˣ̾һҡҡͷǳˣΪԼΪǿˣ״˺ãɸŰ״Ҳġ
ǡɰ״߽⻰º͵Ц㰲ģһɵԼŮģҩóҺҶûˣҲ˵ʲô˵ɸѧϰҽǡ
ֱӹ˰״ǰһ򲻽ǹ״İǹϱӰ״չˣǰ״ϱӵֻޱȡ
״ɣ⺢ͻȻʲôҪлҾͺúõҽ飬ʤǧΡ
᲻֪˳ϲõˮⱲһжһԼȥһҪԼϺӡ
ȥ׼ð״֮ð״Ϣȥ˴ҸСŮһ˯
һҹ޻ڶĹɾͻ˼ңЦеİջ
ԼŮЦݣϵķ˺ܶ࣬״һǮҲˣ˼ѧͽǲǮТʦģЩУԺҪлһᱨ
ɵûʲô飬ҪҵȻʰʰѸŰ״ߣ
е᲻ãﵽôԶüʱ·أҪһɻõȵϼɽʱ᲻á
ô˰ա
Цú𣺡Ů綼Ҫİ㿴״ôãҲŮģҪ˵ĵģŮΨһĵľǣҺһ˸۸ˡ
ӵǲıģ˶˵Ǯ׳˵һ仰ûھ;ЩӾԲܸϺ͹ЩǼΨһľǮ
ϵһҲû룬һмƻġ
һ˿⣺ҪڸҲᱻ۸ˣһܻãҪڲһֻûˣ㰲ĵĸŰ״ߣϵһǺóһʱ䶼ǡ


29°׼

⵹ģɵͷ
Ѿ˹̫̫һ̵Ľѵ̫̫ƤٺҲ鷳ɣϾ鷳ҲõԼܲȫˡ
ֻҪôŮˡ
Ҳûʲôʰģһϴѱĸ״뿪
ǡùһĻе㲻⣺ǡ
뵽ҪץҩǶԲԶ֣Ű״һߣץҩ
е㷢㶣ɲȥץҩİ
Ϊȥץҩģ˵Ĺһ˽ǡ
ҡҡͷЦأȥѧҽģ˵Űҩץˡ
ҲʣȻ֪ʲôˣʹɡ
䲻Ŀϵĵе㲻˵˼
ϰϵ鶼˵һ飬͵ĵͷ⵹ǺܺõĽ״˺ãʮ˭֪״ǺˣɸŰ״ҲԿ⵹Ǻܺõ顣
׷ϹɺͰ״Ҳȥʰ״ʲôŹɵֱСʵɾô°
ϲ̵İҪŰ״ѧϰҩ˵ˣĩ˻֮ҪҺúչҵﰡҪҵﱻ۸ҿҪ鷳ˡ
Լر֤ͷĵĽ󴺸磬һչ˺ģһҲҪչ˺ԼҴҪǮʱϾ㡣
˵Ľų̵Ǻܿ죬㵽ϡ
״ҩŰŹɡ
˿̵Ĺ˫еʪ󣬿ϤҩǸпǧ
е뿪ɿܵĻǵסôҰѷ¾æ
û״ĶӰ׼ʵе׼ôദˣе㽾еš
״ԴŹȥ˺ãԺһС쾮һҲ䣬״ָߵһӵǶѷҩݵģǼջģסұӡ
״ƿаһܣһǽǵĽ仹һŲĴǰӵҲγһĿռ䡣
״ָŴԺסƽǺ㰲ĵס¡
Թ˵ֱҪ̫ãı©Ӻöˡ
лл״򡣡
Ѱ˴ϱ߹״ȥǰðæˡ
״ɣôڷܵŮӵѼ
һǰþͿʼǰõĵƽֻа״Ͱ׼֪ģ״ڱǰ׼֪꣬ԶҲ߰ķš
һλ£ÿ˴ãһ۾ͿʰӵĹе㾯裺˭ʲô
״ÿ׼һȥʲôطˣһҩӰûС
׼ˣЩֺõĿŰ״ǰⲻǶȥӻû뵽ô
״԰׼һףӰ׼аӶùֱɣȱʰȰѱӳ顣
ȻԼʣµһſҲܰ׼ǿͰ͵
˭
״ϽǲĶӰ׼ƽﶼڵϰæһʦҲǿԵġ
ɺܼȻ·ϵʱ״˵ͽȴа׼ʦ֣ⲻǱĳˡ
ʦ֡ɺĺһ䡣
׼ȴǺܰİһԡߡһ
״˰׼һۣתͷ͵ĿŹɣ̫̬ȣ޾Ƿʰ
׼иˣԼʲôʱôⲻ֪Ѿͷôôᣡ
ʵ̫ŶΪʲôΪʲôӺòá
ܳ˵̣ԶԶƮȥԵȥˡ
ɿİ׼εЦˣ׼Ӧʮ˰ɣг˻䡣
궫״ָǽҩʶЩҩ𣿡
ĿʶЩεҡͷʶر٣ҲʶЩҩ֣ʶҩ
״Цˣܺã㲻ʶû⣬ֻҪԸѧҿ㡣
ʶְǹζ飬Ͻͷ˷ܣԸѧԸ⡣
״ϲôڷܺѧģǸСһֻ֪档
ȻѧҾͽ㣬ֻѧʶҲǺѵģ԰Ҫ׼𣿡
ɵͷ
״ԼһͺãԺķ󡣡
ȻûԹԣʲôС飬ֻҪ״һж˵


30

˷״ûţǿ˹һһҩ򿪣ֻҪǳҩɶʶһЩ˵˲ʶİ״㷴š
˵ζҩǾӣҽд֣ʶһҲˡ״һŲֽд֡
ֽֽŲãīһմϱߺܿοʺд֡
ɺϸĿֲ֣Ǻѡ
ûֽǲֽҲҪģ׳԰׺ȻùǮʵǲ˼õϵĶһװ˰ˮָͷպˮڹ̨дţŤŤд˾֣״ȴ⡣
һξдôãԺдõġ
õ״ɸ棬һһհ״д
׼Աʱ򣬼ָͷպˮд֣չȥһд󡣡
ɲû̧ͷЦеĿŰ׼Ҳдúó󡣡
˵ֵͷʼϰѹͲܰ׼һͷġ
״ŲҩŰ׼ôϽȥҩ
׼ĸϽȥ򿪳ҩֻһ˫۾ʱĿɡ
״Ͱ׼飬ҲϽȥæʶҩݶװ֮Űġ
ð״Ҫֻʣ°׼
׼ɵڹ̨ϣ۾ʱʱתţŹɲ㿪ʼ
ֻÿһιɾð׼Ͽȥ֮󣬰񶼿ٵƿĿ⣬װڿĶ
ùɾĪģʱȥ˺ãԴ֪һóֻǵȥŷ֮ŷԼʵ̫ˣǹưѹ˺һңǲȫû
ԶҳҡͷϱӰ׼ǰ˵һ仰
Ժ沢δˮˮҲûˮľͰߵǰóŷİ׼ˮ
׼΢΢ü㻹ȥˮС˰ɡ
ø׼ƽϣ֪׼춾ʵĺõúܡ
׼ΪɻʵףùеƲˣôȥˮһ˵涼ɶˣҪǱַڿЦΪ߹ˮģɾû취ˡ
ɵֱľͰ˳ȥ
ιιιҲˮȥˮɡ׼˳ȥֱӰѱⵣӹɵļ
ûĵһ۹ɣҪýַڿһŮȥˮôҼǰϽȥ̡
Σ׼Ƣϱƺɰһ㣬ҲǸȵˡ
ŷʰҲȽ鷳е궼˳ҺŷĲȽ϶ֻ࣬ˮ֮Ϳʼϴϴ׸ףŷȴûеģҲǣӶһֱû׸׶ѾϡˣҪ˿϶ûеġ
ԼʮǮߵʱġ
׼ܿͰˮɿٵİˮϴˣ׼ϵİˮˮףûҪʲô
ҲûֱӷԸкԶʱӦû˵İɡ
ǰУҲ֪һҪڲŻ̯ҳڰ̯̯
׼һֱǳԴҪȥԵġ
ȥоͺãҸҵҪؼҲ׼һ˵ľˡͻȻоиŮͦãȻŮеᣬϾ֮ϲˡ
ɿ˿ɫڳȥš
˵˳ȥ׼е㲻ڵץץԼԴ
ҩòǺԶ˵ǲʵһСӣСҰ̯ģһˣһġ
û⣬ڲ̯ѡˣû֪һŷĺùһŲݿ˶ҪǮһѾ²˺ͻǮͻȥ˰Ǯеۡ
û࣬ûǵȵϼʱȥˣǸʱϻũˣǮ϶Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
׼ǰÿţֱȥŷʼջˮϴ롣
״ʱѾ׺ˣҲŰеĶϴɾá
״óͩ͵ƸɣͰ׼ʰȥ
״е㵣ģһ˯ﲻ°ɡ
ʹҡͷʵûʲôµģһؾаȫˣϱΪ˻δһɽ·ҩǸʱڰĿ־壬治ʲô
״ǻȥɣõҵġ
״ʼղģ˺þòŴŰ׼뿪ǼⲻԶĴ·ĻҪһҡ


31ı

ɸ״뿪ڴ洫ˣ˴඼ĽѣŰ״гס˵˵һ컹ǮĹǮأѧջùǮֱϵĺ°
סľˣڼ뵽ġ
˵ǰ״ô˹ƣһŮʲôҼǱôûѡءϺܲĸʣ⣬Ҫ͹ɽȥϸŰ״ѧҽǸʱֻҪкӵĶڴ⡣
ֻǺ״һһؾˣû뵽״ֻӰһ²Ͱѹɴˡ
ϷҲܲĸʣһĲģҪ֣ǹˣ״Ӱˣ˵ǰ˹һѡ
òİϷؿھǶһʯͷϸһٽ黹ǡ
ϿɲԸ⿴ŹһҷҲԸ⿴ôõȥ
ͻȻͣϽ˹ϷԱߣϱвģҲѾͷô
ϷҲģ˵˴սô
ãȻҡͷϱ֪ոϼҴȥϡ
ɵһңһҩǲ£ֻе
ҩõţʰӣŪ֮ϴѾϼǸϼգʮ˼ϡ
ϡʣһЩûҶԣҳ԰׷ǹڵʱŻеģڰ״׳԰׺ȵʨӰǲ˼Զˡ
һϴ˱ȥǰá
һȥץҩ
˼ĻŮӱһת뿪ùеơ
׼ɵĽ˵̣һʰɾĵ̣ǵû뵽㻹ͦڿ졣
ſڹ̨ϰд֡
̧Ƥһ۰׼Ҳû˵֡
׼̹ˣе㲻ʹ죺˵Ѿͷòڸ˵
ͣд֣׼֣ҽйǲҲԽɡ
׼Ʋ죬ϻؼԹԹɿһ㣬֣ʲôġ
û뵽㻹ͦƢġе㲻
û׼״ſһᣬʱԼڹǰԱ̲סһЦеƢãñ۸ôҲǰʲô


32´̽

׼ƣԼûǰôˣȻʲôŹɡ
ǲǶ
״ͳһǮ˹ɣҸ׼ԣһڵϣµĲǮҼǵ׸滹С
ɰǮ˹ƽʱûʲôɿڵģ
״ҡҡͷǶûʲôɿڵģôôɣǶûҪġ
׼еôѾͷҲǻġĿŹɣѾͷֻкö˷ˡ
΢΢üȴûб⣬ܲԼ˾֪˵ٶҲûá
ͭǮֱõ˺ӷͷ棬һǮͦģж㡣
һߣ״ѵ׼Ժ̬ȣͦõġ
׼е㲻̹£Щҿ϶İ֮ҡ
ڵϺúõģһصȻ˵㣬ȥҲᶢѵ֮һֱ˵
״һѵҪôҲ˵ˣ˵ôô㿴˼һпеʱϰд֣أҲԹˣѾͷҲǸģҪǲڵ϶һ㡣
׼Ȼле㲻̹ѻ˵ˣҲ˼ڸ죺㲻ǲͽ𣿡
˭˵ͽˣֻģû¾ͽҩʶǱģ岻ҲͷһÿԵʲôѾͷڿиٳԿȵġ
״˵곤̾ԺĪ˵ڿǲģǷ˺ô󾢲
׼û뵽滹ģʵǲΪ֮󾭳˵
֪˵
ʮǮȥˣĥŸϼʱ˱˾Ͷ㣬ڼҲỵ
ɲûһϾˣҩҩãһҩþͺĴȴûпɡ
׼վе㲻ϵ񣺡ץҩƲ
ϲ˼ЦЦҩ˰׼УȻ̽ôڡ
׼ҩʼץҩһץҩһߵ˭ʲô
иоԲǹɵףϾǼģһҲ


33

ֺõЦţǹɵĴĸ֪ڲڵϣ
׼һǹɵĴĸɫ΢ÿһ㣬õҩţƤֽϣһһİȥȥˣҪԵһᡣ
϶ʱһϲаԻϲⲻ춼ڰɲڣҰ׼Ŀ˵ˣ˹ɵλ֪ģȵɻʱ϶ɵˡ
СĴսɱˣ˽ó˵úܣʱǷǻҪǰƺ󣬶һŮӼҲ㣬ȥʲôĻԺôȢϱ
׼üͷһ岻ˡ
˵ЩʲôϵرϲŪǷǡ
ȻǺ˽ɣ˵ɺóǼٵģͿʼ飬ȥŷʰܸɾҴҲʰɸɾģһιдӡ֣쵽Ѿдģˡ
ϼ׼Ȥģˣ밡һѾͷǵϣҪǵϵ˶ô죬˵֪ûб˼ҶӾͲһҶڿңִһܴǵҪҲҶİԽ˵Խ벻ףΪʲôôܵ˰״ƾʲôô¾䲻ͷϡ
׼һЦô͹ɾΪ·
ҲøϾЩ鶼ҵԹɺòҶܲţǾҵľԣҵ˸ҵú˵˵ǡ
ϺܲԸҲûô׹ҵİҸ˵ǹֽŲɾڴ͵
վϵ϶ڮˣں˵˵ʲô
û뵽ԼͳȥˣϾڮ˵Īе顣
ĵôôȥ˵˷һڵߵǷǺڰ׵졣ĲһӲˡ
׼ѾϼҩãһӺظϽǰæš
ⳡƲ죬ŹСӣһͿʼ˼Ұ׹ˡ
վϵĶ棬ŭĿϡ
Ϳ߹ˣڴйϸɳʲôҲеΪﲻһһʲôѹͲҪʲôġ
˫ֲһЦ˵ľ㣬ֽŲɾѾͷ
Цˣ͵ĶǶ͵ҵӣ͵˴˼ҵʲôҹеĶﶼνҩãſڴƻƵҩ⣬ʧô
׼Ϊɻῴĸķû뵽
ʲô͵ǶĻһﶼ˵ڣʵ
Ѳӷڹ̨棬ѹ̨ϵҩŸϵһһǮ
ˣɶҪһǮ
ǰҩֻҪʮĵģȻҪһģⲻǮôǮĻɲڰ׼ǰ˵һЦ׹ǲˡ
׼üûҩܶѪģǺܹҩģҽݴձӣ㵽׸ǮͷȷûˣЩҩҪһǮҲûжҪϵĻܲⲻǼҵô
Ѱҽݵúء
ϻ治ǰ׼ⷽԲʮͰҽܼҩҪǵԺƲˣ۵İͭǮˡ
ޱĿϣԺôԸǣһҵĳ޴ˡ
׼صߵҲû˵Ļ
ɺĿŰ׼ĲСлл
ʵûҩʹҴ뿪
һ߰׼ͺʵǼǲг𰡡
ɿЦһг𣬻ǲĳޡϱԼôģⱲҪϺӣҪѧϰҽ
׼Ȼ򣺡ѹְôŪǷǹҲǺܳ㣬˵Ӵܸʲôġ
һ뵽ɽҧϧЫĳ֮ǰˮУһˣ֪Ҳˮȥҵֻˡ
ֻǹɽôУеһϱӹɽȻֶš
׼û뵽滹ۣźûϵĻ׳˵ǰ仰ˣǼģǶ˵ĳʲôһǼ̱
ùɺܿû뵽ô¡
еܲ˰׼һЦҰе㲻ϰߡ


34°ͼı

׼˼ץץԴǸҵ˵ڵʱҽ㣬Ҫʲôѧĸ˵Թɾûʲôƫ֪ɵеͬ顣
Цеİ׼ļЦԺҰʦˣóԵĸԡûаѰ׼һѷУ׼˾ӲʵǸĳĺˡ
ϵˡ
ϰ׼ؼԥ˺ܾÿ˿ڣ֮ǰ˵ɵɲ˵ϸһ㣬һΪʲôҪǵһ˼ҵĹﶼԸͷ¶ɣ
Թɺܺ棬ʱֻҪæе飬Ϳʼڹ̨һһ֣ûһϢʱ䣬еԲλࡣ
״̾ϢһҲ׼ҺҳҲΪ̰Դˣ俴Ƶ󶬣ѾͷӦûһҩԾͶ˼䣬֪Ѿͷ˵ҪҲҪҽһʲô˵һЩˣЩʱ治ʲôر￴ôأТʵǺѵá
˵ʲôҲԸܹɵģ֮ǰҲйһС˰æ˼ֻһγһЩ״ԺҲû뷨û뵽ɡ
ǿѧϰŹ˵ΣԼҪǲӦԺһ񲻰ԵҲҪһѾͷ׼żҲøԾʹӦˡ
׼ͷţе㲻ζĸˣҪǲҪɣƼĶӡ
ԽԽͬˣһݶʲô˰ԼӵԴĸ䡣
״һǴĸͲǸһ˾͹Ǹӣɵ̫Т˳Ա̫̫Դ۸ҪѧϰҩҪʱͽһҩĵ滷ɡ
ʮ綼ȥƲܶಡصţڵϵʱʵǲ࣬а׼̹ɣʵҲϣ׼ѧϰһ㡣
Ļصӣ·ҵʱ򣬻Ժ˿ˮʵ̫ˡ
һصҹ̫̫Ϳʼʻ
̫̫е㲻ϴһͺһȥûʲôջ񣬶˵Ҳһ㣺˵ȥһôˣ
Ű״ùɽȥѧҽء
Ϻأ˵ѾͷΪʲôôãǰ׼Ҳǿɶ񣬾Ȼ˵ġ
̫̫ɫҲÿˣһϣȥôһ㶼ãڻ˦ɫ˵Ͻ취ɽҲҸ˴椼ң˼ҪӵƸ񣬻Ҫɽиһűء
ϲˣǴɽףұ㻹أֻʲô״ûϷˣҲ̫ˣʮһҲǶϣϣһôҡ
ҲܷԼӵǰ;Ǻġ
վһԵĹɽͻȻ˿ڣҪȻҽɽ԰ɡ
ôҲͦãԻٳԺȲÿ컹ڵġ
̫̫һ뵽ǰľɲаҵĹǧҪд뷨ҵĳﰡҪʲôô
ҲϽɲǴɽɲȥԡ
Ⱥ飬ֻӸûȥɽˣ׬ǮС飬ؼǵӰ
ɽƺһⲻǲģʲôʱȢϱҶöҴԣľֻҪԸҽɽͳɡ
ʼ⡣
ʹҡͷɲа밡ҪȺô죿
ɽ£Ⱥ£ܵÿ죬һȺ׷ҡ
ɽ˼϶ʱˣ͵Ŀһ۹ɽ˼ǣΣվùţ
Ϸ˶ʱվֽкãӲҪΣ˾óţֻҪҵﲻΣվ͹ˣȵ¶ɽԺٽɽǡ
ûʲôԵģûԺܴڽӴڹɽҪȻǴ飬ΪԼһӦõġ
ЩҪǹӦô죿
ϸһԼóȥӾҲӦⶼΪ˴ڽӴ飬ҪǲӦݹҲ
ɺңֻҪһͻңŬԼæµֻûҹʱ˼ͿƲס
ܶʱ˯ţϵ鿴ֻ󲿷ⲢֹѧϰʶҲһһдţ׼Ͱ״ڵʱдˣתۼʮȥ


35·粨

ڵϺڿ죬ûʲôϢʱ䣬ǰ״ϢԼ᲻Ϣ˵ʱһС
׼Ĳϰ߱ϰֻҪʲôһʱһ״⣬Źһһġ
ָϵһֵʲôʲô
ɰ˰׼׼һָŵЦЦͣܺζҩлѪֹʹΪƻѪֻҪ⴨ܺͷʹ
׼ĵĽţ˳ŰҩҲһ飬ýζȰ׼˵ŵʱЩԾҩǲǿԳԣ
֪׵ǺӵʱûеһֱãرʱĥţҪܹ׵壬Ǻܺõ顣
׼ºһЦóܺҩǵ£бĿģ
˵һӣôһֱûлϣڴҲܾ˰ۣҪ²ҪƲС
ɺЩ˼ˣʵ˽ĵģ֪ԺӵĿȻиܻܵҲͦõġ
һӣ֮һֱûлϣ׻ᡭҾҪܹ׵壬ܻϺҲǺõġ
ϾŮ˵Щⲻ˼
׼תҩ֪ܺĸˣѪپſˣʲݣˣĸʮˣöȥ֮ˮ壬ÿһҩÿοĿЧ{ע⣺ҩҽ鷽}
ú棬ҪдȴԼ񲻻деΣԺһдˣܲٸ˵һ飿
ѧҽڵÿϰд֣ȴʲôˡ
׼ҩһһĵֽϣҴҩҵ˵һƳãȳһƳ̿ˡ
ǰæҩܸмлл㣬ЩҩһǮ
ܸм׼ӣȻܸӶݡ
׼ȴЩˣѼҩãе㲻⻹ҪӰͱ¿ˣҪмҵĻԺú°ҵ˵ˣܾûؼԻؼҿ档
Ҹ̫ͻȻˣһֱңϲ࣬Ϊûʲôһ㶼ϵģ·;ңԶֶģһһȥҪѺܶʱ䡣
һֱңȴҰ˼¶״Ӷչˣǲµˣû뵽״żٻؼңʵ̫˼ˡ
ѹֲסĵҿ԰ҩͻȥףҲÿڼˣʱҵﶼûϣҲΪæҪɺãҾͻؼңʱͿԻˣõʱġ
ҲûʲôеҩĶˣҸ鶼ˡ
׼ҲУȥʰʰͻȥֻһôԶ·е㲻ġ
һж׼ڹ
Ű׼οһЦң·ǰҲһ߹ʲôΣյģȥʰʰͻȥ
ʵҲûʲôʰģֻǻһҩͳҩãȥʮϡ
һεҰػУڼȱıʳ
һ·Ϲߵúܿ죬ϾǱҲûöֻۣµʱҸطһϢ
컹δڱ㵽˴ӣЦߵԼԺſھͷ˲ԾĵطԺӵĴžȻᵹһԣ洫׵Ŀһǳˡ
˽ȥŷţ￪š
û뵽ɻϵˮǿ¶Цţôˡ
ɿϵϵ۾ײ֪˶ãҩϣһȴû
ҵء
ЩϿ϶ԭģڼ뵽õĽ
ѵˣһ뵽ɾ̲סĲк²ѣµ鷢
ϲùɵģȥȥˣվͻ
ȻЩ˽Լףǳ϶ޡ
ʲô飬ͱǰ˵ˣԺô¡
ԽԽ鲻򵥣ԺǱ˹ŪģܲԼȥԺŪô˭Ūģ
̾Ϣһƣ£ͱôˣԼġ
ɵˣôʣҵȥˣҪǲ˵Ҿȥʴˡ
˵Ҫת뿪ץס˹ɵֱֹۣס
ɽ˱ɽˡ


36ŭɽ

ʲôɵɴ۾š
ϲϵˮ̵Ϲɽڵ˵ҪǴԣ˵ԹǴõģҲˣ˵ǹɽҪȢޣû˼Ҽﲻͬ⣬ѧʲôգʮҲͽԾĥɽԡ
ǰʱɽвųô飬ڽɽⲻô
;ɽȢ޹ҵʲô£Բȥһβ˵ˣֻܸʳ
ϳ̾ܣҲ˵ģ̲˵ʲôһҪ̻ɽԣҪȻȥԾ
Цˣ̫̫治Ҫֹ̫̫ҪһҶҪԴ˶ᣬΨһǴҵľ飬ǹɽҪȫȥڼﴫڼҲǿԵģһұȥ˭֪ĿʲôɲŹҸжõġ
ѵɵưɣΣӿһܣںǵƣʵǱ޳ܣ鲻ˡ
һʱűĲֱС
ŻˣϽҪʲôѵΣա
ؿڶһʵʲȥ͵Ӿȥѵ˵ӾͿõȥΣյ飬ⲻТ˳޴
ǱϷƣΪжµТԱɽΣգƾʲôɽҪѧϰԾȻһС
Źɣ¹ֳʲô
ɺĿ֪Ϊʲô޿ôΪ̫ˡ
̫̫ȥôʲôЦǴܿûʲôӣϷôϧôȥҪɽˡ
ɵֶʵ˲ܡ
﷢ࡣ
Ҳȥ鷳ӵ˻˵㲻Т˳ġ
ͿһУʲôҹԸһӲˣһӱָָҲҪ͵ƽûТ˳ôÿʳǶˣʲôҪæһҲȥˣôûǼʲô㺢ӵʲôû˵Ǹɽڷּңôһ̣һ׸ģҪǲ˷һúТ˳Ҫһ·ϱư
Ͽţô죬һ޶ϵҪǲ˵˻˵ǲТ˳
ͻȻĶģĿԺſи˵ײײ˽
ˡеĲһţϽ˳ȥ
һ嵽ߣɾͼѪĹ
ĳʵ̫ˣôˡ
ˡһ˵ϡ
ϻ˸ϽѹıڻС
Ժ棬ɽ̧һֻҰЦ˵⻰
ɳȥǰǶҵʲô
ŭţܴ󾪶˸סŵļھӡ
ˣ˵㵲ǰʲôǴԵʱСıҰ˶ѡ
ʲôŭĿŹôƵᡣ
ɽЦܲˣԱҰ˵ˣûҰǸԵģûһϵ
ɿǰĵͻȻЦˣЦˣҵиҪһ˳
ֱҪһƣֱֻץסҪȴ󴺾棺ҪǸҴɣŲ㡣
е㺦£׳ҿƽʱɽҲݣҪ󴺴϶Կ
ҽѵҲֶŮʲô¡
صİѹַ£˳ƻһѣһյվס
ɽ͹Сɽ̧Ұ᲻÷£˺ܷŭ
棺ûµãݹҶǲϿǱųɽģڳǶѲ˸ϵ⻹ˣҰʦʦͽĿ϶Ϊʦ𡣡
ɺܷŭֻԼǿԹ޵ĿŸˣҵ̣ҶȻһ˳
˵ܽԺӣ󴺵󴺸ҡ
͸ղһӵ˶Χ˶û뵽ᷢ飬һŹָָ㣬ϵǿɶ֪ھḻĹˣҸһ鶼ûֻҪɵܿè塣
󴺰ѹУɸϽϵȼе͵ƣһ鷢ϳһӤȭͷСѪҺ˿ڴ治Ǻܴ󣬶û˵Ѫܡ


37±޳

˿ڱ򵥵İһ£ϵѪҲôġ
׸Ͻ׼ˮ󴺸ȥ峤һˣһҪѴ峤
ЩҪһ˶ˣȻڼֻᱻǼ˺
󴺲ʱҴ峤ʲôǳ˳ȥ
ɰĿȼȻʼ׼ҩɴһλһЩ˿ڵҩ
˹ôˡͷЩ裬ǺܵĹɳʲô¡
ɵЩֹסȴڹǰᣬҧҧǿסˮ״˵Һܾûؼˣһؼҿϻбĵط𣿡
ûУ˿ڡ
϶ˮĲ˿ڣȴ˿ЩԾҰˣǱˡ
ı˵˿ô¡
鲻򵥣ΪʲôǸһ鶼û෴Ȼˡ
¶ʹ࣬ɽзһĻ룬û뵽һֱصĴȻɡ
˵ͱˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô̷ŭˣҲ˭ܣҲ仰Ҳ仰ûҵҲ˭ܣ˿ǹɽ˵İɡ
˵ʹı۾
֪ҲܣֻһҪǳʲôŮԺô죿ЩԲģʴȣ࿴Ѫ֮飬ЩЩʲôǡ
ЦһŵЩ˾Ů
ܵǵۣҪʲô
ǿһЦŮѡ·ܼѣܶŮĸԸŮЩֻΪ˵ҲΣգҲԺΣա
ķһӾҵ
ǡðѹ˿ڴ꣬󴺾ʹŹˣŹĻйӡ
ɻû˿ڣ˿˶˽ҩ
峤ҵ˿ڣӸҲɣǾʮӦܿʲô
е㲻Ը⣬һǼ񣬱졣
ƽҲŹȥԣҲǾḻ֣һ˿ͻȻסһǱì˰ҿ˿ڻЩ
ӲŰѻ˵꣬һìһСɽһ֧ì
Ѿ˵úףû뵽Ǹĺʵǲǹ˵㡣
˵ͷƫһԡ
û뵽ĽʧӾĵ˵ϣһôⲻ⺦Ǽô
Ųһ죬ȴʲôҲ˵ڡ
ܣ㲻˵Ҳܲ¸ţ˿ܲԼ˵ġ
ܷŭһ˾Ȼĺݣʵǿȥˡ
ƺһЩŭ⣺㲻˵Ҳ֪ô£ͷҰɱİɣҪҰԶˡ
û뵽˵˳Ŀֻһ۸ȷ˹롣
ʲôû˵ż˾˳ȥ
ɰĸ˿ڣ˿ڵѪֹסˣҩܺãԽԽᶨԼһҪѧϰҽΪģΪʱܰˡ
ֻʣ͹̾Ϣһ󲮡
û󲮣Ҳûүү̡ƽһ˭Ҳϡ
ߣǴ治
վһĿŹҶʲôТҲЩ˲أЩ޳ҪТ˳ֵТ˳ˣǶ䡣
ǵģһ˶䣡
øǺñӣúţȥ㰾
ջûټ˵ȥ˽ɣ֪ɵľǿ
ԺС
Ѿ֪ԭί˺ܶ඼ڣɤӾĳжڲ鰡ҵ찡ȻֱûҾ;òԾһ޶ϵӣƵóȥɽУһʱ䣬Ņ̀Ұȥȴѳһìͱˣö޵İ
˶ʼ
˲Źһô󵨣Ȼֱóìͱö񶾰
峤ͱ˳ô
ͷҿ˿ǳìˣĸ˽ɽûˣܲԼͱԼɡ
𰸺ԣǸһ˸ɵĺ¡
Ӿһɽԣ֪Ϊ˺ƣҺܻչˣԹ˵ıͿߣȭͷҰֻǳɱģǸΪҰɣƣǸ˺Ĺ壬ǰͷҰ˻ȥ


38Ĳ

ȷԣֻҪ̫ɵܿס
˶ʵû뵽Ǹ޳ܡ
椵ҲǼ˵ˣɲܰѴư
椵ĵɽʹֵܣ˿̴Ȱһȫ椡
վȺеվ˳ҲԵҲŲҪ޸ɽһҾͿˮˣһһһ壬õ˰ƽʱôĳҺ֣廹ͬǽɽԣһҶǰǣҪҼ޹ȥֻ»ᱻһҳԸĨǶȺ˭֪Ժʲô᲻Ầǡ
һʼЩϲɽϾʻŮûĹﶼ޵⣬Ҳ⣬ɽ᲻޳ȥպúһĹɽͳ˵׵Ķ
ڵһҲ޸ɽ
ɽͷӵҲϽȰɽɲܰԼŮưΪһͷҰͿԺˡ
ڴʱɽӳ˳ɽŭҸ˵ɽŮǲҲ޸Ǽˣ֮ǰҾ˵һûһö㻹ǲûһʲô飡
ԼŮģ뿴ԼŮƽӡ
ɽ̧ͷ˵ˣҲûҪ˵ȥˣ֮ǰһֻҪɽվͰѴ椼޸ڿǲܼˡ
ҲɵҪǼȥָʲô
ŰҰ̧ȥĹɽ͹СɽҪ֣վԶţȴû뵽ûа֮ǰߣԽԽƫ롣
ɽԽԽģϲ椺þãò˿˵ˣȴû뵽ɽͬˡ
̳Ⱥվ椶棺ɲܱƭ˰û˺Ҷ
椱ĵĿһ۹ɽ˵û˺ǳì˵˿˭˵ġ
ɽסˣ˵ô˿˵Ŀܳ
ɽĳĬ椸˵˭˳ɣʵ㲻˵ǴҲ֪Ǹ˵һˣôĺҿɲҼ޸㣬㻹ȥ˵װɡ
ɽˣò׾Ҫֵϱ˵ûû˰
椲ɽҵĽ
ɽŭˣŮԶһ㣬ǲһµŴҵ˵һ飬ϡ
˵Ͼϣһʲôˡ̫̫ŭʮ˹
ҲɽŮǲԸ޽ģԸ޽ҲûܶӣȻ͵ûףΨһʵŮӾ椣˵ͬˣȥ˵ף
ҲǴ˳ȥֻûԸ޸ӡ
ҪȢϱǾͱӣýŵ˵׵ʱô˵ͬ⣬˵ҶվʹӦ
ɽվǰ֮ǰ˵ĻΪǲ˽飬˽˭ԸŮ޵Ǽҡ
ʲôЦҪǰԼŮ޹ȥŰԼŮô޴
ϲˣһôҪһʼֱͬ˵ͬⰡ˵ͬҼҶȥ˵װⲻһѿô
ŻڼȢϱƻҰһ룬ʣµһֱϯأҲͬˡ
̫̫Ƣ󣬱ˣв̹úܣҴҲ޸ĸڻڻͲԺҴ椼޲ȥ
еɽ⻰ըˣ˵Ů޲ȥʵ̫һɡ
ŮҲòô޲ȥ
˵̫̫˵⻰ǲЩˣŮǵ˼޲ȥЩ鲻Ҫ˵˰ɣֻѡѡѾ϶ԲԼŮơ
椱˵Ĺĵ̫ߣҾҸʲң¾˰ɡ
վһЩɵۣ϶һ۶û뵽һҹɽˣǳһҹɽףôа
ϱû޸ɽģ֪ΪʲôԭⱲܿ׺ܽ
׵˵˵˵飬һҶôͰ˵ô˵ġ
ɽŭʵ
ǹһ岻̵ġ
ݰѵӶ˳峤͹΢һ£˶Χ˼ԾվԱߣǹҪᣬǲ岻ġ


39

ܵĵĿһû˵ϣµľϹؼʱˡ
ɽôһˣôʲôүүûҡ
žһ˹ɽϡ
ѵүүû㣿ҾˣҪǲ԰үүʱүүŻúҴһ㣬˵ɽϾʲô£ԭԭ˵
ɽһƴˣۣŭӹȴɵ峤ȨжҪǻ峤ָһҶҪϳӣٸ˶ʹ
ҹڴ¸أһε飬ʵǲ˵
СοϣϽȥչϺΪѵĻǽݡ
ôûϴӵ˶ˣ̫үȻҲˣֻǵһ۹̫үûָŹСɽСɽ˵ɽϾʲô¡
СɽĵȹɽСܶ࣬ұһˣ¹һƣӵҵǹ˶ģΪҰҪˣҵĶҰ׵ɱҰǾͷֲ٣֮²˵˶
ЦһǱݣҲСģ⻰ƭȥɣԭǺҰɱˣմӵĹأ˭˾ͿԷһ롣
ֻǵҰУֱȻҰɡ
öĲһ㰡ʵҰģΪһ˺˵飬̫ˣ
ɫԽԽ䣬֮ǰǲǲҲǹΪ˹ġ
öĲһ㣡ǹ׵ܵܰ
ɽܵĵĿһ۹СɽЩ𱸹Сɽ˵˳
˵˵ɣǵˣ֪ô˵˵ɡЩʧ
һ𳤴ĺӣ̫ү͹̫̫ӣȴֽȻͬƷУĺȴǹŵĳǼҪģֻҪпտ϶ְһֱֽŲɾǻ˼ұ͵˶Ȼǹĺ¡
ôһ㶼ûı䣬˵ʧǼٵġ
ô£ҪҰͱˡ
Цǳôҵ˵ҰҵһɱأҰϻҵĵһ˿˰ɣɱӦֱ׳ɣ㣬ҵǷҵҲռһѣҿǼҵҰҪɱˣҰҵǷֲ˶⣬˺ҵǵͼʵ̫ˣҰǱ̧ȥˡ
濴̧Ұĺܶ࣬Ȼ˿ҰϲŵǰѵҲֹɽֻſģûЩϸڣǳһ
СҿҰŵǰѵˣǳĵҸɽʶǰѵ
˸ͣɫԽԽѿͲˣôôమµˡ
ʱ˻˵ʵǰɣ㵱ΪǶƭǲ˵Ҳҿųģ˵һʵôѣôضά㣬㿴ʲô£˿ûֵ֮飬˿ûѪ֡
в죬ѿڶҼҵļ¹ʲô£ȳܲģû׷׷ʲô
վ˳˭˵ҵ׷Ҫǲ˵ӳîǾֱȥٸ˶˺׵ܵܵĺˡ
һ䣬̫̫С˵ʲô㻹Т˳ˣں󲮡
Цˣ̣Ҳ֪ǰλҴ󲮰㻹֪֪ͷŵӣĶأ˰ɣҵʲôίʲô˶ǻãƫĻƫԣ˵Т֣Т˳䣬һ˶أֻ֪ҸТ˳ڴϵĵغڵߵףԸТ˳ΧĲҲԸТ˳ƫƫҵĺˡ
һ˵꣬ؿһһƽ֪Լ˵ЩЩˣϴгһƴ˹ϣں˵ʲô
۾Ứϣû˵ЩҵĻСүүŮӣСɽ͹ɽзûУȥҸʱֻܶŶӿǳԣСŮܵõүү̵ĳ谮Ҳ갡һ¨ȥݣ׼ȥ캮ضҵõʲôݣҪǴңֻһͶˡ


40

һĻĻĳǰļʵ˵ǵá
Ҳǵί
Сİϲ᣺ﲻҪ˵ǻҵĸһ̵ֱҪТ˳үү̣ôҶںúõТ˳ǣɽҵҰҲŷǳԣǣ㿴ôǵģүү̲粻ҪҲΪʲôֻǲҪһ͹ˣǾԲ٣ѵ⻹ôʣǴ飬˭ܱ֤һã
һ˶˼Źɵ۵˶Բ𡣡
ɸһοһףֱӹŸλЩ鿴УǼľˣҵԴ˿ڻûȬֱ˹ȣԺҲǲˣҺòҵĻ϶ȥҽңа״ùɽȥҪƵҼҲܻȥֻλ岮үүܹ˵Ǽһ·
һֱţһһиԼһҪŬ׬ǮԼｫϺӡ
̫̫͹̫үˣҪ
ʲôǶԤУԶǲ
ľԲ˶һ۶վ̫̫ұ֤Ժ󲻻϶һ鷳
ȴһЦı֤ƨһ˳Դô֤ˣŹȥʮʲô¡
ֱ̫̫׳Т޺ΪûѵӦֲɽҪѧѵðæ
Ŀһ۹ɣǰ˹ɵοɱˣ鲮һҲһί
һξ̫ʴˣҲΡ
ɱ֮󣬾վϸǰ
ϳԵλ岮ˡ
תĿŹ̫̫Ϊʲôûﲻô̫ǣ޷죬϶ĺӲӣϱһҩŪ㲻׷ƫ̻ϱɽҪѧóһ̬һأֱŲŻȣҲ߶߶ˣֵѾǵļˣǶʽɣҲˣȥֻ³һһ
ʵǿȥˣöˣڱ
Ҳţ˵ģҪ飬ˣҲ͹һƣ˼˵кñȴûõʲôñ۸ʲôˡ
һ֮˽߳ˣһһһҶҳ鷳ҳΪæʳÿոǸӣ⻹⳥һγ˻ѵӣԼ󹤵Ǯ
̫үǰΣֻܵڶأ
ûڶǶԳ֮ô곤ǵ֮ҲˣǻôԲ𳤽飬Ҫ˵ڶԳжĻҲʮ»̥ǵ֣һԸӣӴǶϲûϵһ˳ҽҩҲóˡ
ڶֽ˵ǺܲпģϾǶϾϵڵڶ˵ҪҲǲߵһ
һλ¸ص˳ԵǲϣѡڶģϾԺ󳤽һҾǸٻǶûϵȻӹҲûϵҾõһܺá
̫̫͹̫үȴĶˣһ⳥ɲСĿ
һϼȴһǰǿɱͿ룬һǹŶ٣ҲǮʳӹǶʮˣһ˵ͷǶôǮһδϹƻѵĸࡣ
ȻһӣøɽȢޣܰ÷ġ
̫̫ҲͬҲôģԺûϵˡϲϹϵôԹҲûʲôĸ֮顣
̫үȴЩԥˣðɣҪԺ˿Ҳǵ°
̫̫Ŀһ۹ɼҵƷӣĵͷǺͿ˰ɣǼ㻹ָ㷭
Ʋһңõķӣ͹һҽ׬ǮңӺùŹˣһǮϿԲȥƽϣϲóԳԺȺȰ
һԺҪˣʱܲȥ׼ˡ


41µڶֽ

̫ү̫̫һ㲦ˡ
ŵĹ󴺰һ˵ҪųȥȻ̫ү͹̫̫ô֣ǲϾϵϾ
ȴֱֹ˹Ͱˣҵıȥ֪Т˳о仰Ҳ֪˵˵
ʧѪЩ࣬Ǳˣȫʹ˵ʲô˵ɡ
̾Ϣһ˵ôںǣѵ㲻ǵľѡ˵ڶʽأ˵Թ壬ʵѾµֻ¹̫̫ǻԥѡڶ취
ֻЩ˵̫ף˹ġ
ˣãȻ˵ǲɡ
еܣǵҵľúţҳȥʲôȥҲﲻæô
Źɣôġ
ѾʧˣʲôǶ
ܶ඼ֻۣҪеĹƶѡһҪǴ˹Ҳѡһ
̫үȴǰһǲһ˹ʲôζøһһøӣӴԺǸǸ
΢΢üͷһһףҶܾȵš
ͷȷֻҪѡˣӽ쿪ʼҾûϵˣԺ󳤽Ȼһϲһûϵ
̫үĵѡڶֱӸλӣұھҪӡ⣬ͲŹһóǽҲðӸˡ
󴺸Ͻݰѽ˵ˣ߳жˣû뵽ԼԼоȻֵֻӡ
󴺲óοˣЩţް
ĨĨϵˮ̾һȥжӣܲܽҡ
̴Ӧ
ȴŹɵ֣ɣǼôôӰ
ҧҧС
ϵɴ۾ŵĿŹɣʱˣҲΪѣӲǿԽ裬׶ԸǮǼңƷŵù
ɲ鷳ˣҲϺ͹Ϊѵлл峤ǹģʵһû˵幫ߵʱ͵͵ӣϵһӦùˡ
˵¹ϲţϽЯ˳ݸ˹
ȻЩ˼飬Ǵſһ΢΢һЦοȷ˵Ǹˣ˵ҪɸǣҲãȻǼӹҾͰˣ׼ãȻֺд˻ѺҪõġ
Ǵ飬ѡҲǹ̫үģҲֻܱˡ
ϻЩЩ鶼ģرǹɾȻôӡ
дʱŹɽӡ
оֻˣ˲۽ǵˮ϶Ӱο๫Īģֵð
ɰǮ˳Ȼ˳
֪Ҫʲô幫ҵĲֹӣһ𶹶ʵ̹ף㲻Ϻ͹ģڲò˵ˡ
ֱӰѽ𶹶е֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵ǲҪӣȵǮһỹģھ͵ǽ幫ǵİɣ𶹶ŸһЩģȥǣԺһҶúõĹӣ֪᲻øĸ֮飬һľ˶Ȱѡһ
ܡ
ϵҺɲû㣬°㱻Ǳɽ֮ҾһֱڼޣҺ¡
ЦһʵԼɵˣ֪ûңҲգȻôѡˣǽܾˣȥӸǰɡ
ϰǮӸ˹ɣͭǮӡ
ɰеǮòֽȻ˳ȥ
һž󴺺ʹһģǻȱӣҼһжӣǸ󴺸ȢϱģڿȽǡ
ɺܸмȢϱǴ飬ȴðӽǣһ鵱ء
Ѳֽ¶ЦӹģʵһǼλ뿪ʱ򣬸͵͵һӣǵҵﲻңֻû뵽õڹϡ
ЦһȴˣԸǸǼ˳׵ûϵ⡣
һҷŻڵأ˾ͺá


42¸Ǯ

ȫ˹
߶ԹǸȥùӡְο˹䡣
̫̫ϰŵӾ˫۷Ź⣬еڴӦôˬˣ̫үҪǲ̫ˡ
̫үҲЩڣ̧ͷ۲ЩĽҪˣǶû˽ʹչӣȻǮ
ЩڣǾ͸öҪһ㡣ֱóӿ϶ֹӣ˭
ϧŰӡ˵ǹ
˹һھζûУǹԼá
һʽݵ飬һݸ˹̫үһ˹һݹ֮Уȫ˶֤䶨
ɺ˴ֺ֮ʹ˵һỰѾ˺ҹ
ɶòУ˷ˣչ˹˶˯¡
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ûϺ͹Լȥ˼ﻹʣȫ˹ȥ˴ҡ
һ˯źһᴺš
˯һᡣ۵
óԼʣµľǮ
ϼҲǮһȥ˵ļ۸Ǻܹˡ
ЩİͭǮ˹У𱸵⺢ӸʲôӣüȥôˣǸİɡ
ɵͷȴִͭǮŽУǮ£ҪǲԺͲæˡ
εǮȴӸ⺢Ӿͱٿ˰Ҫٿҿˡ
ɼҪˣϽѼ£ҵļһۣҵĹкüֻ
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һ²˵ʲôѾͷͻȻ˵ʲô
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Żʲô£û뵽ɾȻ򼦣ЦѾͷӽˣһŲ㡣
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ֱӰѼеһ£ƾء
ȴ֪ǹЩˣɲаҪԺ治˰
󴺳֣󴺸ȥҵĳó
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Цеųӵݸ˴ӳưɣжҰҿʶӰ
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Це˵ţǵôһΣ⺢ӣӿʲô
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Ҳ󴺸ɱҪȥ᲻ɱɱûȥû취ˡ
Ҳ֪òһԥó͵ֱĨ˼Ĳӡ
нһѪһСνȥɰѼѪ˻ȥɶɶøһ
Цеĵл룬ɱ˵ļڹߵſڹɻͷӣǮһλ㣬׵İ
ͷ֪֪ˣ⺢ӡȴų谮
ŹȴɣҹȴɶԺӣڹһֻ˵ļ
Ǹʲôȥˡϵʵ
ЦеİŽŵȥһֻ壬Ұ򼦵ǮҪԼ׬˸ӵġ
һǮһ¾ʮģʮǮҪһ²ܻϣһȥʱͲˣúõ
ϱ𱸹ɣȴ˻ȥ⺢Т˳֪
˵󴺾ֱӼʼˮ׼ë
ҲæµɰѼýȥιԡ
ϺôЦݣɡ
ɾ첻˵ʲôأŮТôˣҸһֻɱʡŲ԰úõİ岹ҲŷģŮڼչ˵Ҫչ˺ԼףŮԺбˣõ⡣
ж˶˵Ůã;ŮɺˣôĵŮҡ


43»

ЦúչԼģǰֲûܹõųԼ⺢ӾһǮ
ιˮ죺ТֻôһǮˣеҪģҲŮûǮǮ࣬϶õ⣬ҪڼҺúˣУһԺˡ
˺ܶ࣬ȻЩ벻ͨѾ˾ϡ
̾Ϣһĵ֪ôģЩ˹һξ͹ˣҲְţǼˡ
й仰ɰˣι꼦һͷ󴺺ѾѼɾǰϵҩǸģҩȸһȥ֮һ״ҩģ˽һҩ
ȥ֮󲻿ٻָֻ˽ǡ
󴺸Ͻ˵ոϼȥֻҵʱҪȥ
һϲⲻúʡ
ϲõʱ鷳󴺸æˣҩһҩΣÿҲǺΣҲϣʡš
ʵЩĲ¼Щǿ󲻵á
ĿŹ뿪̾Ϣһ
󴺰οӱˣҿԽԽչԼ״ǶǺҲչ˺ġ
ɵŻҩãһ·ϵߵÿ죬·ϲûʲôΣգѾ
׼һɻϽӹ̨Щϲôͻˣû緹ɣҾͲܼŸ·Զ˱ӷŷϽȥԡ
ͻȻ׼ôãǸмװˣĵ״𣿡
׼ɫЩԾ뵽һܣǲǻȥʲôˡ
ɳ̾һ֮ǰˣǻȥˣҺջȥˣȻֻ¿ҵˡ
ʵǺΣյģ˵ȻѪϣ׸Ͳᴦ˿ڣҶҲᵢ鲻ʱ䣬ʱѪҲ֪ܲܳŹȥҺǰؼңԺҵİȰˣһٵֹѪż
һ뵽ĹĵǼҵˣԱҵɽԣҰ֮ҵһ˰ҰҪɱһ˺Լֲ⣬ЦǾȻһìҵĴȣ˵ô޳ܵˣҵŻ˼ңǼֱӰҰ̧˻ȥ޳ܵ˵ҵһ㲻ھΡ
ȻѾȥһɻǽȭͷ
Ŭѹеķŭʵ벻˿Ѫ鵽ֵزѪǺǺЦ
׼û뵽ɻȥô飬۵ôġ
룬ɼȻҲ˵Ӧôˣ֪Ǽûܵͷ
е㲻˼Ͼð׼ˣǿĹһĨЦݵ㰲ѾˣԺǸǼһϵûˣӴҲѪҪЮҵΣյ顣
ĽֻЩģû뵽̫̫͹̫үԥѡӣһҡ
Ѫ顭Щʱǲÿɿ
׼ﲻζ鵥žͷŭ˭ĻݳǸӰ
ô˵ҲԼˣѵͲһ˺úһôƫҪֳô۶顣
ֻҪ˾ͺãԺûϵõĽҲ֪ô˵Ͼǹɵļ£֪϶ǹɼҵĴ˵ɵﶼǺܺõĺˡ
ɳĳһЦԺڲЩˣ˶ȥˣ峤ټе¸صˣִʽѡӸǶϾйϵʵܺãҲ԰ˡ
׼ʲôԽһ¡
׼һ㶣ŭϾϵүү̰ɡ
ɵͷЦһһҶǼôƽҵÿ궼Т˳ǣǴǾãһһùһӣԺҲָһҸ󣬶˸ɴ࣬˸ס
ЩʱƽڵֻҪúѧϰҽ
׼һԹžͺܷŭ۵ŹɣҲ֪һôȹġ
ӹǲҽ㣬⼸Ҹҵ飬ҵҲҿǮģҵӶûأкüءЦЩԺ
ɸмҡҡͷллĺ⣬ǼҴչˣԺֻҪú¾УҵǱҲҪҵ̫࣬һҲûҵ鷳ˡ


44һ˵ҩ

ȥó˵ӣȻȥǰʰһӣò˵׼ʱǺģҩҩݺܶ඼ҲûװϣһһӲ鿴ȱ˵ľʹӿⷿóϡ
мɽгҩͦ죬һԲҩҩȴ԰ȫܶ࣬ƽʱôչҩݵġ
׼һҽڿʣеҽĽͣżдҩһЩҩҲȥĵطչ
ɵ΢΢һ·𿴵ϣǲǲ˭ҩǶչ
׼ЦŵͷȻҵ˵Ǽҵҩܹһٶ꣬ȫǷֺţֻҪǴҩǶǻչġ
̫ˣҿԽײҩҵ˺Ҳҩ֪ⳣҩıˣ룬ũеʱûܶ׬ǮǼǮǡȫ
ǼҲûжٵأÿũæҲæ˶ãȻҲǮ۾ãҲȽ٣ĻҲûȦҲңΪԺǽãļܳȥ˾ûˣҲǼΪʲôʲôûԵʣ
׬ǮĻ٣Σջ׬ǮҪܲҩõġ
ǰﲻʶҩݣڲһʶҩݿԽﰡ
׼סһͬ⵹һܺõ⣬ȥ˵ҩʱ㻹Խưƹҩļ۸һЩҩԼƵģ㿴ԺǼϣɹȫԼƵҩݡ
Լɹҩģеס
ҵʶ󶬣ʶ֮ҩģڽûˣڣԶٺ֮ɽлֻͦ࣬ҪһҵġԽԽЩҩļ۸񶼲ر󣬵ٳɶ࣬ǮǺö
׼ͷ⵹Ǻܺã֮ǰҵ˵ֲҩģҽֲƾֲǮҲȽϺãòҵ԰ȥ
ƾȷǺöؼֲܺһ˽֮ѾȷҪ֣׼Ϊ֪΢΢һЦҲ׼ֲƾء
ϣͷôþͺģھ
ʱ֣״ͻȻææĻˣͷ󺹣⻹ͣһƤ״һҩþͳŰ׼ץҩ
׼͹ɸϽŷӿţ֪״æȻʲô飬Ҳҵ飬ɺͰ׼Ͻץҩ
ʱѾĬһŷһ˴ͷʼץҩһӺǰʼץҩٶȺܿҲû
״˺ٴγһ֪װŵ롣
׼ȥһˣڵϺúţƲ˵ղŹץҩ㸺ˡ
ͷ׼΢΢üҸȥðɣǸá
׼Ű״ѧҽܶ꣬һ֢ܴ
״һ۰׼ȥȥôϻʲôҲ֪͵ɾ͹ˡ˵߽׼һεĲ֢ѵһһȥܶȥѧһѧ
׼Ȼɵ׼ҩˣ͸Ű״ȥɣϵһӦ
ĳѾڴߴ٣׼Ͱ״˼ææ
ȴŶԷʲô״ûŹ
Щܹʵģ컹ûԵ̲ܹţӻϰЦеŤˡ
ɸӻϰ˵λǾֻȽ϶ˡ
ϽҩùɶЦЦ
ص߶̨ǰ״Ͱ׼˼ææˣǲʲôˡ
ЦЦӹ̨óһ飬˵ǸˣҲ֪أֻ֪Ļơ
ûɿϢеʧԹȤ˵ѾͷҴҲơ
ôģ״Ͱ׼ǺˡɵЩ˵Ͼϳİ
ȴһأŹ̨ĵǲһҸһʼЩףͲ˵ﰡ
üͷ΢壬ϲ˷еúܡ
ҲҵǾԲ׵ģҪǵֻЩĪеĶճˡ
е飬һĿϣ˭ڵﻳ棬ֻҼҵʵǲҵˣ޸֮ҼֻһŮֻТҵﰡڰ״ƣ֪ҼҵĿңʵѧϰʶҩݣԺԼԻȥɽҩ


45°׼

˵ЩʱνУ˵֮ۿۿǾӨҪĸһۡ
ѾͷްӲǹҪЩµġ
ɵˮ䣬ĨĨϵˮʵЩҶ˵ģ˽˵岻ãֻһŮŮҪТİɣҪǼ޳ȥô죬ֻܰԼӣϣѧһա
۵ĺӡ
ɶϵӡı䣬֪˾˵ĳǺܺõģϵˮɾЦЦб𣿡
ҡͷǺ״ΪʲôôĴŰ׼ߣȴ֪˹ɵѴģԺԲЩ˵ˣѾͷŰɣһ˹˲ȫʲôҪæںһǡ
ӴɵǾȻȴһλȵˣ֮󣬿ɫǰŰһĹϣԼȥ˺ŷ
״Ͱ׼չˣζ÷ŷģǺܽԼĸԼһ࣬Ե̲ˡ
ƽʱҲ᲻õ͵ƣϴϢ
ҹҩõĴűõֱ죬ɴ˯оѣϽȼ͵ƴȥǰãŵ˭
е㺦£ϾǵһҹŵģҲ֪澿˭
һֿţҰ״򡣡
ɵ״ڣǺɡ
ƺŭˣգҼҲ˵ȲգҪҼȥ˶Ҫ鷳
ЩֲᷳģҲڿ϶ܽ״ȥϸβȥˣǵȲ˰æһƲҲﲻ㣬ֻǿĻơ
ƺ侲̾Ϣһѵ⡣
ӵĺܼ԰Ѳ͵ϣǽӰ״ӦǮ˼ңﵽҲʮأҵ͹ȥҲǺܿģҸĴڸϡ
Ƿϵ˵ڸϼ˵Ŀġ
ɺ棺ģĶЩϽҲȥɱ𵢸ˡ
ŲҴ뿪̾ϢһԼˣǼҲôɣҽͺˡ
ԽȷԼҪѧϰҽֻҪ֣ܿ״еЩҽ飬ѧЩƤëҲǺõġ
ڶģɰˣҩõš
ǸϼգҪץҩҲѡգһ˵ϼҲõġ
ԹһֱæµЩץҩ˶һͬ㣬һʰ״򣬽С״
ЩǶĲΣϾһŮ˵ĸоȷе㲻ɿ
ҸץҩҲһģҪȻ㿴ҩ˵ĻҲΡ
ӵĸǰλͣЩԥˡ
ɿʼתץҩȻһһĸͣҪôЦˣû뵽ѾͷУһûŪǲ
˴һ
ֵ֮ϵ˾ͽˣҲһʱԶˡ
ȥŪһ㶫ַĲǰãԿٵĳ꣬ͼ⡣
һλӵԼĪʮĸ˽ҩãҿһ֮󣬳ŹЦˡ
û뵽Ѿͷ㳤ûͦÿġ˴ߵ˹̨
վĿŸˣֱ˲ҩƲġ
ǼҩƲǶһʵ
ЦеĵҼȲҩҲƲǰ׼ס˵긾˿ҲЩ԰ס
ˣܾȣǰ׼װ˺á
һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˣ׼ЦݺºͣԺýҷˣӾͺã׼Ͱ׼ûʣȥˣ
ɺ˳ڵĺģȥƲȥˣߵʱ˵չƲܻ
ϺôǰˣԼؿڣϸӶ˶ûǼˣǰ׼ȥӶ˶ûһΪʲô飬ֻҪǳ¾ͺá
ɰοţûأ״ʱܼѶϾð׼ȥˣ˵Ĵܶ࣬׼ȥѧϰҽ
ԭˣѾͷˡЦеĿŹɣԹɵȻ˽⣬Ҳ۹ɡ
ɬʮˡ
˵ûУЦʵ
ҡͷδ˵ףҵֻһŮҲ޳ȥԽʱҪͬ¡
һλȥѹǧ˵ףҪúÿǡ


46

һ׺͵˵ô֮Ҳܿعɵ뷨
ԹֻҪĵѧϰҽҩ
˵Ļʵ̫ѵˣһץסݼš
ԾԲΪӰ죬ΨһĻᡣ
Խ۹ɣ⺢ӲŶͿЩˣǼҰ׼أҺ
ɿɬһЦ˵ĺ統ҵΪ̫ίҰ׼Ҳܶ°ÿһΰ״أʲôóԵҲŸ
ЩʱܺԼŮжöãھվǰΪڷ絲˰ɡ
ϧжֻһ޸֮Ů
岻԰׼Ҳûֵܽãĸܡ
ԼԴعңôöû¡
һЦÿҲֻǹǸӵȥҲûؼأѾͷʱҼҪΪ˱ӣһ᲻һס
˵ʱһֱܵĹɣһŮסᵣġ
ѾϰһϵʱȻе㺦£ûãиʱȥѧϰ
ӲõأҵӴءЦеĽ͡
ȴǵһǣ⺢ۡ
û϶þ뿪ˡ
ҲʼҩҩģãÿһҲмˣ˼Ǯ
ÿһҩмǮģӶǮһǮǮһǮֻҪŷӼҩ˾ͺá
˸Ű׼ѧ㣬ûǺġ
Ǯý˯ӣҪˣ׼Ҳȥϣ˵ϵ
ڵʱһţͣţһλʵˣſڿ˿Ӧǲˡ
һλĿĺ˽ݸ˹һҩмлл㰡ɤŴһ㲻֪û㡣
ϸŴ󺺣ԭš
ʼ粢⣺ֲ㣬Ҳ㼱Ӧõģҵ״ûУ
Ӻܻϲҵˣָһ·ҩǰ״򿪵ģҼҲ˲ҲȶˣֻҪؼҺúõ˰״Ҹ˵ܻ
ɳźЦЦȻ˿ҩȻǰ״ֻּ˵ȴûҩûǰ״򿪵ķӡ
˹̨濪ʼҩ
תȥʱҲûʲôöм㣬⼦Űҵһһ¡
ɿŹ̨ϵЦ㻹ûȥĺˣĲҪأûȥҪмҰҼʲôԼֵĲ˳Բ꣬һθϼԴһ
ԼֵĲ˲ֵǮҪʲôֻǵĺи˶Ρ
ɰѻ˵׺Ҳ˼ܾˣһЦãһϼҾҪ׼ҩʱҸҼֵĲˣҼҽֵݿر࣬ؽһؽѣҸ㱳һ¨
ʵĻ̲סĿĵҲұһ¨Ҷ಻˼ģҴŲͺˡ⺺Ӻ˼أҲܺ˵
ҩǮ㿴ţ뿪
վڹ̨棬ʼ֣ȴôҲܾģᵽ˺Ļϲðһ˿ĵ¡
ֳܹɾ͸Ҳݵġ
Ҳǰҩˣ֪Լû֮˲١
ڶʱ֣׼Ͱ״˻
׼һ˷ܵӣ״ȴһƽ
ɣѧ˺ܶණ׼һҩþȲĸɷԼϲá
ҲŻϲѧܺðϲ㰡
״ȴһ𱸵һ㶼أЩͬأһؼҾԭα¶˰ɡ
ȻԹ׼ȴܿģհ׼ҲԼܶ뷨һһֿ֤֮УǺ¡
׼ίˣͲǰ԰԰ڣҸ˵
״ôˣֱȥ˺á
ɺĵŰ׼˵׼˵֮ŵԺȥɣҲѧܶණҰǮ㣬ЩǼҩҩǣҸȥ˸ϸβ
׼Цŵͷ
û˯ãȻƾҪҵȥˣϾͿ˰йڣ˺ܶء
״ȻҲûϢãһʹӺóæŰǮˡ


47

ҩôʱˣʶԽԽ࣬׼ܸ𣬹ֻҪĸ֪
ùůůģŰ״׼ȥļԽߣùһڵеʱҲԽԽࡣ
ʮϢݿ죬ܿҩ˶֪ڰҽݼҩǸСѾͷ
ڴ˶ǴӵģҲûʲô鷳
ҽֻа״Ͱ׼ڣ״µĲˣÿֻҪźʮŶڵϣʱҲǹѧϰʱΪܶƲˡ
Ҳ͵͵һ״ȷ
׼ƿóĹɵ㷢ʲôأҿ㷢ܾˡ
ɳŰ׼ꡱһµ״أⲡһǵһء
˵ֿʼ׼ƲƲЩҺòڵһգѵûʲôҪ˵ô
ɴԹ״Ҳдˣ˰׼һЦҵ˵أмζҩҩԲúø˵˵
׼ˣˣСƢѵûĸ˵
ֺõؼҿҵһҵ֮ҾûȥˣⶼһȻһϣҵȴûҾ͵ǡ⣬汼Ҫע塣
׼˹ɹеĻɫÿ˺ܶࡣ
ôҲʦȻҡ
˵ùɵͷ
ԼԴóԼǶСָдòôÿֵŮӣԶӣвҶЩףúø˵˵
׼Ͱ״֪ƽʱڼЩһֻ۱һֻۣɺܺѧ״򳣳ùȽ𱸰׼Ŭ׼ʼ׼ǳ׵ķˣûôѧˣɼ˷һʱ䣬ֻҪпвڹ̨־ڿ飬ʶҲ̡
С̨ϵıʾͿʼдţŮӶʵʱգĿθ飬Ѫ飬ˣԶɢʪֹͨʹͷʹʪʹƤ
׼Сдú棬һдһţŮӺͲԶӻвɽУرŮӵһܲɺöأӵ˶ʶû˵ͿԽˣвԶϲϣⶫ˶úܣû뵽Ҳһζҩô๦Ч
߰׼д꣬״ҩҲݹˣɸϽŷӼҩ
ڴʱһλµŮſڴ
һĻ˶ΧȥҪҩҲΧȥֻڹ̨⿴һۡ
׼ȴɫһˡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲô׼һ۾Ͷ϶£׼Ͱ״ѾߵſڣҲ֪Щˡ
оҩҲΧȥ
˴ʮ꣬£߻һС׻һӱ֪ﶨȻɥ·
Ǽɥ·Ϊҩÿɥ
ڹɽʾ֭ԭеʱǸ˼˶ҲʼߵҺҽݣ๫
ܵ˶Ůָָ㡣
׼ǰ⸾Ҫûı๫Ϊҩúԩ
̧ͷŭӰ״ָָŰ״㼸ǰҼҷһҩ粻һҩҷҲ
״ûҲûЩ˵ۣǶӵ๫ʲôʱȥġ
˶ݺݵʮǰҵķúòҰ
״º͵ʲôʱԵҿҩ
һԶܸп״ĳסʱܶʸ⣬ԵˮҲ̡
붼û룺Ȼûȥ͸ҷˡ
״ҡҡͷվ㷽˵Ǽǰҩʱҩȥ˺ˣʮǰȥģҩǰ˵Һ㣬Ҹԩ޳ΪҪҩһ˵ҪΪҵҩôòȥúøҽͽ͡
ܵҲʱȻ⸾ǾѰңȻҪʬ嶼ûſһſȻߣô붼Щơ
׼ЦҪթӰɣֻ˵طɲթӵĳ
һ㶣ֻһζĴޡ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһͱɥˣ״ʮ綼֪˵ǰ״ģֱȥٸˣʱῪʬģȻֻع
ˡסˣթӣûһҹٲԼԼûȤ


48©ٳ

⸾˱ֻթһӣûҪִ󣬵û뵽״Ѳ
ҷƲ֮ģ鲻˭ǿʶ˵ţȻĻȴĿܡ
ֻ֪Ҫߵ˼
״ƢܺҲºͣȻһҧǳҵҩģҲųҩ֮˸йϵôֻٲֹˣŷ㲻бɣϾ밡˵վסôҲӦõģҰĳԵԼġ
״Ŀڱ˵Ǻܺõģڸ˵ܶ˶ͦذ״ģΪ״ܽġ
ܵ˶øݰ״
Ҹ˵ַҲеӣֱɲǵѡ񣬵ƫƫѡҪǳҩô֮ǲİɣôܹ״
˺¹ٲܺ¡
ҵķò׵İǹ¶ĸôš
״ЦˣʵҪӰɣֱ˵Ŀľͺá
ƾ辭ȷΪթӵġ
ܵҲû˵ȫŸˡ
һ£Ű״µΪӾܽ¡
״ƽǾȥҹٲɡ
е㼱İ״ĸӽ£ֹȴһԵİ׼ƣ׼ᳶ˳ɵСѣ˵
̱첻˵һ仰ʱҲ㿪ڵġ
һϵĻҳ̬ȺҾԭ㣬ʮӴҾͲ׷ˡ
״ĵЦȷŮթӵġ
ڲΪֻعˡƽʵ
ƺһԼܣֻܸӾͺá
ܵ꣬ϿԿ϶˾թӵġ
ʲôʱ˵ҪӵġһĿŸ˲ŤĵЦӿûôöթ
˺㷽Ų˵ĵװвãŰ״ֻ˵ˣҪӣȴδ˵Ҫӣʵ̫ˡ
֪ȥֻȡ裬תҪߡ
ץס״
Χſֵ̰ѸץסϾ״Ŀڱ̫ãڴҶæ
˱סʱ˱û
ŤҪȴôҲѲˡ
ſңҪѺҡ
״ʱúࣺҰĳԵأҰúҪΪȴԩң㰲ҲֻȥٸˣҪԼһҲŹԩҵˡ
״ĻͬشһôŸ˵ģŻˣҪȥ˹ٸܳô
׼ҵƲҲһˣǰҽѾһٶʷ˶֪ҵҽҲǸˣָ㻹ڱĵطùķӶթˣֱȥٸˡ
ܵҲкãȻǳ׵Ű״򣬱ϾҪ˿˭ôɵȥҹٲҰ׼˵Ļǵﻰ״ҽû˵ģҪǰҽһٶϵ꣬Ѿҵĵס
⸾ǸˣȻҰ״鷳
ɱ˭״ҽΪˣǰݰ״Բȥ˹ٸ̫֮үģʱһܻ״һ
״ֱӰѸ˰ԼҪѸȥٸ
Ӹ֪ԼȵˣҲûзŵˣʼһֱš
ҴˣҴˣŹҰɡ
״ΪΧ۵˶ɢˡ
׼͹ɽ˵̣ȴܵİ״
״ȥʲôɡ
׼ȻǵһЦŰο㰲Ĳµģ֮ǰҲһζթӵģ˱⸾ˣ˼жĸ̧֣ſڿߣҩſֽҵҲ͹ٸˣҵס
һ꣬û뵽һССҩþȻҲô顣
ظпţ˵ĵطǷһû˵˵ȥϾʲô¡
׼Űԭԭ˵һ顣
״ڶŻˬ˶ˡ
ؿϵʯͷ׼ҲܺսϽʵôġ
״ЦȻǹѺǸ˾Ǹƭӣǵרթӵģ˵©ٳƭˣҲû뵽һȥٸ
ܺõû뵽״δ£ϲԩ


49µ

̵ף˾ǲ£״˵ˣ⸾ô׾ӵֶζƭӣµ˻ࡣ
״ͬ׼ĳĽҽ߱Ҫһ֮ģβһҪԵԼģмǲҪҪۣҪթǮƣҩʱҲҪأϲҪһҲ١
׼ѵò״аһΣСĿȾȻ֪ôΪ˴ס
յùҲѧ˺ܶࡣ
ϼӵľʹ˵ʰҩվڴſˣһθϼ˵ҪϼѾܾûؼеȻ
׼һϾͲɵĲԾƽ¾վڹ̨ϰд֣ҪȻǿҽҩ鼮ôôҵ
ڹǰһ£ôȥϰд֣
ɵ˼ڵϣһĿ׼֣˰׼һۣ֣ϸϼ󴺸˵ҵҪء
׼ȻЦҲþûȥˣյڵţҪȻһȥڼϢ
Ǻ۹ɵģСС;뿪˸ĸıӻɵ硣
佱ɵʱһٸͬ
ɸվſߣ۾ȴһֱصˣã״ȥҽҩ̿벻ˣҾ͹ˣĥŵȵȥǡúʡ
ʵ᲻һǮĹǮȻ൫ٳɶ࣬湻˻ǮڵϿѧܶණ
׼ûϵɻܾԽ
ҾͱȲ㣬Ҹҵ뿪ôãҿ϶ܲ˵ġ
״ʱ׼Ͻһ״ֻЦЦҲܹһֱվſڡ
ڣɼ
ĲʱͷС˼ȲϽϡ
㣬һ˵Ů˶ˡЦе˵š
ҲϣЦ㻹˵أܵû졣
ɲǣƽ߲ôģȴһ·Ź·
ϲ˲ͷϵĺˮ˲һûŮˣⲻǼô۳Żһ¾͹ˣҲᵽܻܲǹꡣ
һ˿Σҡ
ҪбһҲǣԼŮ
ʱȻûôɣÿȴҪڹ˯Ĵôһᣬ֮еĵС
ѾȬµ·ȫ⣬ѾĥҪô׬Ǯ
¹ھΣԹǴӦҲ˵⻰ģɵĸ㿴ʱڴֵЩ۶ӣ޹ɽ͹СɽǼɣ˵˻ĽǼɡ
ǰߡ
Ժ˵ˣбġ
ﻹֱߵ˴ϣŹ˵ķߡ
ϼǰŹɴ
һ²ɳһ㣬ҲԲһЩ˫鶯ڴÿ˲٣ĵǰʵˡ
ǳ˲ٰЦŵ
Цеϵ֣еŹȺ𣿡
һֱĵľǹȣ춼ڵǡ
ֿ˻ŮڹأȬˣô˴ҩãһ˲Ӱɡ
ҡҡͷǸм״͵ҩһֱŵƣÿʱҩ
Խ˵԰״ԽĸмǷˡ
Ҳ԰״м
Ǹм˰״򣬷ô飬ǰ״æջʲô
״Ǽҵľˡ
Ǵϣˣվ·˵
һ¨ȥҽлл״ǴһЩɺͲ͸״ȥƤëȻǡ
Ͱ״һûЦŶȥҽݡ
׼ܹĸϴк
ϸǻ֣̿С״ʹɷˣһҶһҿǴ˰
ЩмĻǱҪ˵ģǷԷθĸм
׼˼ץץԼĺףĪҪ˵ҸҵҪлɣ岻ǺܺãǰҸҵڵֻܳԸ֮ÿ춼Ȳɺڿ죬֮Ҹҵ˺ܶ࣬ҪлҲǸлǡ
һοɵʱ򣬻Һùûһƽϡ
״ǰõ˵Ҳ˳ЦŹִк롣
ǵһ˽ˣе޴ˡ


50¸Żؼ

ɸܵԼ׻µĲڣȻϵĸ첲Ժߡ
С϶ߵױš
״̫һЩе㲻ϰߡ˵š
һԺɾʹϽ˷䣬ҵҾ˯档
ԼŮסʲôط϶ģϿʼ𷿼ٲҲȼãٲõ©꣬ȥϵıӹŰ״ԱߣҪȥ˾Щǿȥĳ嶯
״£ѾЦݲ衣
ϰͰ״İϵǼﲻֵǮĶ״¡
״ûоܾܺã⺢ڷܿѧһҶϲǼʲôҪģֻܿ˵ǡ
йﶼҪһ㣬׼Щððʧʧģæ̤ʵϲúܡ
ùһҶܲʵҲֵðһ
ϺǸм˶ҩİһֻ¡
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״̾ϢһǼҵҶ֪ˣ˿Щк֮ĵ˾ͲĽõģ˵˼ǶϾ˹ϵ
Ҳò˼飬Ƕ˵ʳӣôϲҲк˼̫̫֪ɽΣգȴТŹɽԼ˺֮󣬹̫̫һԹԼӵĻûʱһҪôӣϾ˱˴֮Ĺϵ
һ붼꣬ƫƫټ˶ȥ
ȥ͹ȥˣܹúҪġ
οһҲ룬ĹӾˣһŮôˣɱȺܶ˼Ӷ
⻰Ϻͬڹ̫̫һ£ûˣһʱúûһ˵Ĳƣоⶼ˲٣Ψһǵֻйˡ
״İοҲܸжһҵĶˡ
лл״򣬺ҲˣЩʱƽȻһ㵫Ժġϣ
ɶݣ̸һ
״򻹵Źɻؼҵ£̫æû뵽һ磬˵ҲͰ׼ȥʱ򣬰׼£˵ѾܳһʱûйҿӦȥա
ˣùɸŻȥҲǺõġ
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ɵ²ͬˣ״ɲа˵õľģгкȣǻҶ˵һǮõģٸǹǮҡ
״ҪһѣľǷ״̫ˣһʱ䶼ǰ״չˣҳԳԺȺȵĶܺá
Ϊʵ̫ˣ˼ǮĹǮ
ҲϽʹá
״Ǯֱ˹УȻ£¾£ӦõģҪǲŹⲻȥ˵ҪҩһʱҶڳȫ˰׼ϣ׼൱ʦˡ
⻰ɺͬǹǮʲôϵСҲǹǮ
״̲סЦˣ˵Ѿͷ˼ҶǹǮΪɶǹǮ㲻ˡ
˫߬ǮЩţǲ⣬ֻʵ̫ˣÿҲûʲô
ҲǵĹǮ£״ʵʹãɵչĸм⹤ǮǲҪ˰ɡ
ܾﲻ̤ʵ
ʱɸͷθ˲˵廹ʵˣڼԵúסúãﶼ֪ôм״񻹼ӹǮôʹá
״ҡҡͷǰ˵ʹþʹã˵ˣԺÿǮǮһҪ˵˵жʱûйˣһ˶ھһȥչɣȥ֮Ҳ˿顣
ɽ٣һҩ£󲿷ֵֶʶˣҺֶܶд𵱳̵׼׶ˣҪǺܶҩҩֻҪ˵һɾͼǵס
һҪͽܣֻϧŮֻܰԺʲô컯͵ȫɵˡ


51

չֻ°״ǵĹǮȥҲûʲôʰģֻװ鼮ͺȥ
ߵǰõʱ׼ץЩѪҩĸɣϸ飬λɽҩЩƽõţһγôѪ㲹ģƽﰾϡʱֻҪܵǸζǿҩš
԰׼ĺˣЦĵҸóԵġ
ϵֱ۳ţ˶Ƿɵġ
ò֡
ҲˣҵһмʮǮأʼĥžҪʲôʳж١
һ׻һء
ɲˣеԺһǾǲͣ
ⲻв˳ؽݿ˻ܶأǰʱ峤˲ٲ˸ǣⰡծǸм
ҿŽֵԵĵ̣֪ʱڲУϸ첲ȥ˲С
ʱеĹ̶̷ˣ˴֮ĹϵǺܺá
̯λǲõλãվ̯ǰϵĥŴһңд峤һҰʵ̫ˣҪЩӹǻȥǳһٷɡ
ԥˣʵǼûǮ
ûɶǮ
֮û취ɽԣƽʱֻں׼һЩҰɽ֮С
ɵеǮЦеʵ̫ģϵӹ⻹һЩӹǣﲻ֮ܲĲˣʱһˣһͺˣһͷҲԡ
վ̯ǰģ̯ϰ͹ϤЦĵҪⰡһʮһզ
ʮĿ˵˵ļ۸ˣ򶼵ʮǮ
ɶ̯ϵЦеĵǾллˣ⣬ȻӹҶҪˣһǮ
̯ϰֽĸ⣬һϳӸպһ㣬־׼Ҳû˵ˡ
˩÷˰̨ϣְӹǶ˩ʮǮˡ
ǳ飬ɺǸмлл塣
ʮǮ̯ϰ壬Ц͹ͷ뿪
ڶڷŵĳУ̯ϰʲôʱô˵ˣǰһǮԸٵģǮ˵ͷͣƽһͷҲ߰Ǯء
̯ϰҼǵǰ˵Ϊʲô
ЦŽƽҾ⣬״ƽҲҪɣÿҶ⣬Ȼ˳Ÿǳԣһȥ͸̯ϰϤˣɶʱ˵ĻˣҪһѡ
Ǻ˰ĬĬļ̯ϰ顣
Ϻܶˣϵ˸ʲôĶУһ۽ģϼĲˣǮһȥҩ̣ȥ˹Ǳߡ
һǳֻҰҲֻҰöûȥŵĶͬģҵƺǺܺá
𣿡
ҡҡͷһֻҰ˶࣬˶ԽԽ
ɲǣһǰʱƺⶼôһ㣬ܵŹɡ
Ƽɺеͷôණʲô
ϰͷŽ¨ɵǷʹ峤ծԼĹǮ͹ͷ˵ҪǳԷ
ûԣȷҲ˴峤ʹһңҪҲðѼλ¸صĳϣҵȻһֻҰðɣʱҲһݲ˳
Ӿ͵þϸ㣬رǼһôͳԷǴ顣
ɰ¾վڹߣŲԶӻϰϵҰζ
ҲǺˣȻЩһ㣬ȴ˾ˡ
ɵĻЦ߹һ۵ϵҰúҰҶ˵Ҫռ˵ҪҰ⣬ǰֻҶҪˡ
ЦĵƽҲôչңһʮǮͺá
ҰǺһ಻ƤëҲһһ⣬ʮǮ
һ֪˼ǮƽֻʮǮء
Ѿͷ£ƽʱ㣬ֻ˨ϣҰ
û뵽Լվ˴ûȥĶһˣҲܻϲҰҲ
һֻҰֻҰʣµһֻҲˣʮǮȥ
ڼĲˣʣ¼Ǯȫϡ
ű¨ϵֱۣһؼҵ·ߡ


52ͳԷ

صѾʱ֣ũֿ꣬ҼһȽС
·Ͼ˾ͽҳԷ䵽˹ϡ
Ϻ͹ڼ׼ŷˣѴæ
ִµˡ
һƼɸӰθһؾֺǣ״ʳܺ
صҲ׷ˣЦеɲǣ״ǱߵĻʳ൱ĺá
õĿʼͷ
ҲСˣû˵׵顣ʵҪ̽ԼҶӶɵ˼ֻϧͲǺܴ󣬶ô飬һȥ͸Ҳʡ
ţǹɼ޸ǼҵĴ󴺣ԺýҲڵʲôġ
еģ֪ʶȻԼĿģ̧ͷ΢΢һЦûأĥŸŰ״úѧѧҩһʱջܴأһķ纮ҶΣֻҪ״ûҾʹ㳤£Ұ״ǹǮˡ
һܲʲôû˵ڹɵĻҲȻ˼ҲܵĻϣܹ߳ɽԺ汲ôࡣ
οȶһжõĵطչ˵ɵĻһ㣬Զ֮ǰ˵һҪһ׸ģʵҸ׸õġ
󴺸涼ܺãҲϲ⺢ӣֻǿɵ˼û뷨ֻһֱ󴺵ɸڿ
һҺܺãծһǻ꣬ҪҲڶԼŮһ
һϲӼǹؼġ
Щźǰý˵أ˵ǸڴӵһǼҴ󴺡
һϲǺ°
Ǻ£ŮԸ޵Ǵ治ˡ
̾ϢһһһߵϧҪƸ̫ˣǼȫҲͶӡ
ӵȷЩˣĸƸҲӡ
ϵǹûʹЩ
΢΢ͷȻʹģǺܲƼǹ˳ÿⶼһ֣Ը޸ǴҲǿǴдԵգ󴺺ʵֵܽöҪ˵ҲǸҸȢޡ
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󴺸絹û˵ʲôֻ˵һжȫƾǶԼûˣҲΪ˽١
ɿһϣʹһɫ֪н𶹶ģҲǣĥƸܴճģﻹһӵ˽ǮȻһȥš
֮Ȼ໥ҲһǼӸ綨ȻһЩǮһûʣ¶ˣôҲο
ҾǼǮѵãҪǴ˾Ͳ֪ʲôʱܳˡ
ЦЦ鵹ǺˣǼûʲôطҪӣӸǼ˶˹ϵ֮ԽԽ𣬵ȵĥſĳҩģҲ峤˵˴峤˵ֻܿľǣСҺͺһس
ϲǵãҲҩƷģҾͽˡ
һȦ˸Ŀˣ峤ˣλ¸صĳʣµıǴһӡ
ͷѾ˹Уܲȥ֮žθڴ󿪡
һɲ⣬ɫžͺóԡ
չɵĽ飬һزˣһЩӸµľƻʣ̳ڴһ˼˼ﻨûˣ¾ƵĶ
ɲһ㣬ʱֿ˶ˣӺһ˴Ҳ֡
Ӿô΢һӶ֪ϵȻҲ֪ɼ͵飬Щ̫̫͹̫ү֪
̫̫һֱŹˣĥŹôТ˳ôǣⶼȵڶûȴԶԶɼԺӴ־ʱ˶ŭˡ
̫̫ɫϣĺţ¸صЩϲĶˣΨûˣⲻǹѿ֪մô˵ء
һۣôôһТӡ
̫үҲɫÿȴ飬һûף˵ǲˣ밡ǰǼҾҲǹȥԣٲҲöһûǹȥ϶мǺˡ


53˭

һʱĥ£һߣɹͲ̤ʵˣΪӲûù˽ǣƺ׾óˣһҲֹӡ
д˾ڱ˵һЩҲһЩ͹ҪТ˳ܶ࣬Ҳֳ˲£춼ڵӣɽҪҲҪӳ
ˣԵĹнˣҲϣƺİһ㣬İ˶磬Щ˶ˣûǡ
Ϸһ뵽ԼĶڳ˰оͷߺޣһǰαװá
ǲαװʵԼʲôѵҲ϶֮ǰ˹˼һҸͲˡ
һ£ǾԲԼдģԽԽǶһ
뵽ˮͷҰˣǴɽõģ˼ҹֱӾܾ£ǹֵģôûֵ˾֪
˵һĺԼ˶Ҫ˺ܶ˶ԸԼŮ޹Ҳ¹ɽűߵĻ»Ƶˡ
ڼǺ޹һҵúܡ
ҰûԵ⣬ǹ̫̫ÿˮģһ뵽ҪҲ
̫̫ͷϣӾﲻˬǲˣ˼ӶŸɽСɽȢϱֳʮĹﶼԸ޵ǼңɽͲС˲š
̫̫ؿڵǲ˳
뿪һֱϲزơ
ȵһߣ̫ү̾ϢһҲо仰һҪ˵ǸĴˡ
˶˵ϹǰҰο䣬ΪǸõģԽԽܿģ춼أ˵ʲôԺ˶ÿš
뵽;ñǰΪĶӣȴˡ
̫̫̾Ϣܴ˻Ƕˣڶˣǰôû뵽϶ôӲǼԽԽˣǰôǮ⡣
Խ˵ԽᣬԽ뵽һӹúܡ
̫үҲ̾Ϣĥյߡ
ɼѾƹѲĿ˳ԵöܿģеҲ٣ҲúȣڴܳһٷǺܺõġ
ֻҪһ˲鷳ҾͰˡ
ǿ߹̫̫͹̫ү۸ʵ˵ӣǵ㲻ˣʵڷΪ˺ƣһ㲻ŵ㣬ڹ̫̫͹̫үͳˡ
֪۾Ϲʲôӡ
ҲˣһЦǸĸҲǽԵֵģѾȥҵҲôˣԺһ˺úõıʲô㡣
ͶˣҪæֻ˵һλߵ
ɵĿľллҵİһվллҶһҵշվ˵һ乫ֻһѾҲˡ
ÿһ仰ᣬѪʷһжȥˡ
ü˶ˣ󴺰ͻؼҡ
ʰӣɵĽ𶹶ͻӣȻϲ𶹶һ㣬ƽﻨӷ
Ӹϣó˴󴺵ĻҪȵϯʱҪٴһ㣬Ǵܵúúðһ졣
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ֱӰһ۴һҵĻˣҪ˵Ҫ˵мҲһ˵ɸ˵Ǽһֵƾ֮ġ
е㲻ţƾǮ
΢΢ͷȻǮģǰǲҲѻƾˣֻɽеĻƾˣҪҵҲˣ˵״磬ǴֲһЩƽʱͽɽڲҩҲźãǰǲʶҩȫʶ˽̻Ǿ͹ˡ
ĥţԺ͹󴺽ɽԣǾڸڲҩҲΣա
ȺɽҲܰȫ
ΨһҪĵľߣʱŪۻƴϳȥҩûˡ
۾һ֪׬ǮӪȴֱһһ׬Ǯ
һˡ
վڲԶһֱ˵ЦԺ
ɽϵԴƧûʮɽûҲǵưϡپ֤٣ɽҩ϶׬ǮҲָǶ⣬ֻҪ׬Ǯ϶磬ŰæҲ⣬Ȼڴ֮ǰҪ׬һӡ


54С

׼˵ܶϵҩҪҩĶôسǲɹҪչҩǲ׬Ǯ
Ű״ѧܶණϴôã˶нӴǱٵ׬ȡмĲô
ʶˣ˼ҲŻ׬ǮҪġ
뷹С飬û̫̫͹̫үǴˣ˱ʾ⣬Щ˭Ҳôͻ
ȴٲˡ
̫̫͹̫үЩ˵Ļ
Ҿ˵Щ˹²˵Ļ
˶˵ǻãԼɲʲôֵҫġ
̫ү̾ѾܶˣͲҪ˵ˣ;ҲǴ£˰һҺܶȻģ鱾ʹˣҲƫ̻˴󺣡
Ҳһִˣ˵ЩҲ˽ȥ
ϸһĥȷԼһҲӦãûӣҲֹܹǣϸϵҩ⣬ܳͷȴ¼ҳѹдѹ˼
ЩѾˡ
̫̫ԽԽģͰһ˵ɣһЩ£Ҳûк󽭵˼㿴ѹͲǷϡ
ЩںڣɲʲôϢ
ݵڴӵýˡ
ɵڶͿʼݺСֻƣǹҿĵģǰȫý˰ݺӱģǴɽҲ˭ֵء
ӴĶؿԿ޽ݿĶǸĴʣµľһЩС磬ЩҲȽϺÿ
ȺõòҲиɾŹתһȦߵǱ߶Կѳʱֲƾ϶ԼһֲһɽҩʲôԼԣ飬Ҳһء
ֵ㻹ȽϺֲҩǾԿԵġ
ЦеĴӦ
ҹƾˣ峤Ҳ˵ˣƬӹǵˡ
ʵĵغܶ࣬˶Ը⿪ѣҪԭǿѳĵƶ񤣬ֲʳ˰һȥûԸ⿪ء
Щڹ˵⣬֪ҩļ۸ֲһĶҩĿɱֲһĶ׬Ķࡣ
Це濳µĴǿԺ޷ãСһĿɹɲ𡣡
Ĳ𶼹һˡ
Ҳˣ˵ܸȤЦеɣǱҲѰɣĻҿҪ˰
϶صģӴأҪҲס
ֻƻֲĶأӿĶңʱڴͷǱ߿һطˣ񣬶ɳʺֲɽҩɽҩǺܺڸı͵
ǼҾͿһ͹ˣֻܰŵؿû˸ġ
Ϣÿ죬˺ܶ඼֪ɺʹҪأܶ˶֣ܶ඼ùɺʹɵ
˭֪㣬һȥʵʵǰĵء
Ϻò״Ὺʼڴ˵ţЦء
˵һҾɵ£û뵽һҸҲɵˣǵؿɳֲʳֲ˰ýöء
ڿԳһңôܷŹĻᡣ
ܶȻҲùһɵûпڣܶ˶ϣǵɪӾᡣ
˼ܵô㲻׬Ǯ˼Ը⿪Ҳ˼ҵ²ǡ
һûô˵ҲЩϾ֪ؿֲҩģչ˵ģƾûƵǮһƹʮһһĶغúõֲһٽɣһܿɹ۵֡
ڼ˺ܾöȫ
˵ʲôҪô
֪ɸŰ״£Ȼ˴⡣
ⲻǲŴţǴһλ¹ϸˣƽٺʹ߶ҲȽϹƧ
ɲΪſվţ˽ӡ
Ҷи˹ǮϣɷѾȥ˺ܶ꣬ŮѾԶޣôһֱû˶˹¹ˡ
ǮЩִٵţžЩģʲô£
ձȷúǮš
Ǯϲ˼ˣʵи֮룬֪ϰ״ѧϰҽ
ѧϰҽѵѧҽЦŽͣˣҸŰ״ֻѧϰҩѧҽҲβ˵ģҰ״ҲܽҰ


55°Ʋ

е㵭ᣬΪŮԺܶණѧá
Ǯȴ벻ô֮࣬Ҳбµģʹ˼ҲûʲôǮҪ״ƲУȾ˷纮ôҲúãҳҩԼȴûʲôЧ˾ͺ㣬ܲܰƲ
ϳ˳ҡҡͷɲæɶûѧҽôƲƳʲôôǺá
ҲҰæȻ˺ȿƣûײ
ˮɲ׳
ڹǮǰŲҲ㣬ûףҸŰ״ѧҽѧϰҩȫ¡
ǮֿһαȷſԸ͸һĨʧ
ⲡ˺ܳһʱˣΪһϣڿҲΪˡûӣһΨһܻǮľǼĸļĸֲµʣʮǮôƲ
Ĳ̣Ǻ³£ѹûҽŰ״ѧҩǿֱܷеҩ
Ǯץס˹ɵĵֵѾͷҲΪ㣬ҪȻ˵ЩҩܳԣЩҩܳԣܳԵҩԼȥɡ
⻰ĺᣬһұ⻰ﶼܡ
ɳ̾һأɣȸȻ˵˵֢״ҾȥϸҩΡ
ԼҩǲܵģûǸӣҪԼԵû⣬Լ˺ķӦɲҡ
ǮȴҡͷûǮʵɬ
ǮŲõģ˺ҩ󣬵ʱҩҲʮǮ
ʮǮǮ΢һ㣺Ҫʮġ
ֻҪʮģҩ̼ҩˡɼο
ǮǰˣֻҪʮǮͺãֻҪʮǮͺãҾ͵Ҫܶҳ𡣡
ʵûǮȻҲ㡣
ɸǮϺȷֻһ˺֮ˡ
ֻܻؼҾǣҾͻҩã˳Ÿҩˡ
һԵĴڿ˵Ҫȥϣʱҩ
Ǯϸм뿪ҡҡͷҲǿ˰
ҲζϱﲡҩƲ𲡵ĳЩеĴ̣ÿÿ𶼼Ŭ׬Ǯ
Ϻ͹֪ɻ֮ǰ״˵˲ᴫҽ
ºܺʵǰ״˵ҽôôģ
ɾ̹ףǲңŮҴǡ
һɪϾһۣھ
ǹֻʵʵĽǰ׼Ȼ״˵ҽֻҪʵⶼҽ𣬰׼ȴʱ͵͵Ľôβǿѧģһΰ״ڣǡ˺ԣʵ˼˾顣
ʵǺܸģѧһƤëѣŶ㡣
ϰˣ治βˣһŮӼҪôʲôȥ߼ҴҽҲá
Ǯϵ´˺ܶ඼жţ˺ˣǰϢ
Ϊ֪˵Ȼ˵ԹɲĻ
ֻ˵ɻȥϰѹǮϵĲ֢߰״״ҩ
ҩþ˻ؼһеסҲ֪ǲǴܾû²ڣҽڷпҲûʲôζ
ҵŹǮϵ飬ڶľͺȥϡ
һ·˶ٻ
ֹƳ󴺵˼ڣ˵Ҫ˵ˡ
֪˼ģƽôãЩԣϱ޸󴺣ֻⱲػһֻԼϺӣұòƽ
ʲôĲҪģֻܹ󴺵⡣
󴺵ͷšһ
˰ţ˺ôһ󴺲̧ͷɵĶһ˼û
ͣºĿ󴺣һֱ㵱Ҹ磬Сұ۸㻤ңҸ磬ǹҺ㣬󴺸ɵץᰡùɲء
΢һЩ˵˾ͺãֻ˺֮١
󴺴ûÿһ۹Ҫô˿ܵˣû̧ͷɡ
󴺸˵ʲô˵ɣûء̿һֱᡣ
󴺳̾һȻЦҾ֪ǲϲҵģϲ㣬СϲΧתƣһоͺ㣬˵Ҫһ׸ģҵʱ밡Ǽôǲлˡ
ϲɣҲǿȹɣ˹ϵôãһ·ֹ治Ϊ˫ᡣ


56°׼

ɲ˼ĵͷ󴺶ܺãϲ󴺣ݸôҲܽܡ
󴺸ĶԲҲҼˣҾܺãҼҷôָǾͳˣֻҪĸ࣬ҪõϺӣҪڴ̧ͷҪһ㡣
ʳ˭룬ǿ˱˵ģֻܿԼ
ԼҰĵģػһûʲôãҰĿϷܹܶԼҪ
ʱûǮβ뿴ŵһֱĳ϶ٶû¶ٶ˯еӱ紵ˣܶ࡭ô죿ֻһֱŬǰķܶŬҵӱøá
󴺴δ˵ô໰ип
֪ССԴװô¡
㰲ģ㲻ڵʱһչ˵Ļ㶼ǰɣһ롣
һõġ
Ȼ˵ˣλеġ
˵ҩ̣׼ȴǹĿˡ
վڹɵһҲ˵Ŀбӡ
׼΢΢üǽڼϢôôôͻˡ
˹ɵİ֪ǰˡ
̾Ϣһλ¹ˣĲ̰ˣ˺ҪҩҰ֢״˵˵㿪ҩ
׼鲻ô򵥣ǰչ˵İҩˡ
ŷӼҩȻø󴺣һʮǮͺãʱǮס
󴺰ѹɷһԵҩùȥһۣдʮǮ
ˣУǴ֪ǮϣԺҲðġ
һҲһ󴺣ֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪˵ʮǮ͹ˡ
ǿŹǮʵѣȻûʲô߶Ĳ̰
ɵƢֻȰ˵޹ˡ
Ҳգһȥ֮˵һʮǮֻԺҪˡ鷳ЩжϲռСúܡ
׼ҲãҪԺץҩҲ˺ô죿ҩǮǲģˣԼ鷳ġ
ⲢǺð취˵ҲܶԣԺǴæô죬ʮǮҩȻǲܵġ
ɾˣô죬Ĳ̡
׼ҪȻȥ֮Ͱʵ˵ʮǮȥ
ȱǮǷϵ
ʱԼԴһɺãƽȫü˺ˣʮǮҰ
⵹Ǹð취ɺͰ׼ЦȻͬ
⵹Ǹð취ʮǮҲˣҵҪԼأʱ򼦵ֱӸҵˡ˵ͷŰ׼ЦЦǮ¡
׼̾Ϣһ¹ԺصԿϾƱۡ
ҩ뿪Ѱ˳Ұζܺõġ
ɼǵǰڼ˵ҪϴóԵģԳȥ˸ӻӡ
Ŀֱӳԣ׼ζĳţ㵹Ҳ
Ц߹ɣȥͿʼɣԽ۾Խ߲ҩ̡
׼裬ҩҩҲԴӻ̻Ϳʼæżҩ
Ť߽ӣﻹڽɵôζá
ɻͷЦЦȷİһμҰʣµ׾ˣżҵء
ʣµҰⲻ࣬ԲûɣһɹҲû١
Ͼ̫óԣƽûҲԳһ㣬Ҿ׿һ
ҪĻͿԶһ㡣
ȴΪѵҡͷ󰡣ҼôôɣⶫǼҲǺܶܳһء
ҪԼǲʵͶȥӾͺܶ࣬ؼǲһĳȥȥĻԼ
ѵóԵóԵĶŹɵĵЦʲô£װҸǮ԰ɡ
⵹һ취ɾÿУһλȥﻹ˵Լ׬Ǯھأ˵ҲûȥҲ鷳ˣҪȻҴȥϰɡ
òģҲϵԼȱ
ĥһҲⷨӺãʱҪʲôȥˣϽ״
ⲻԻãһԾ;
ɴӦ˴˾ҪǺ׵ġ
֪Ϊʲô׼ϣȵߺŴӺó


57׬Ǯ

׼е㲻ڵ⿴һۣ˰ɡ
ɰеĳ붼е㲻Ե
£еᷳ㲻֪ƽҶʲôȫýźòãӢõű˸ǰҽô
ֺǺǵĿŰ׼ɪ˺˼ҲŸָܰ˼ҰæģǵһӴ˵ģ˼ôʱѾƻųˣΪʲôûϱ
һֱĥ⣬ܾòѰ
׼˲Ƿˣ׽ʲôŵԣҪһŵڵĹ˵⸽ҪĶٰ֮ǰкܶý˵أڡ
ô죬ҲΰҲͦõģĿⲻĿɡ
˲ףռ׷˾˺ܺðȫ׷ϱޡ
˰׼һͬ񣺡㣬˼ϸ㻹ڰˣͬҵһ⡣
Ϊ̽˵˵Լ뷨ڲųף״ǸܺõĻᣬһ֮ȫϤˣԾϽҲõȵһ˵
׼ͦϲ͹ദģһЦҾһͦʵġ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˵⻰
һİۣбһ۰׼׸Ҫ׸ҲԿһŶ
˲׼Ƿˡ
㻹ִţҪ˵ͦֲ۸㣬ò˵һβ׬Ǯû뵽ɾܾɴܴ࣬пûģǷϣϦദ飬ͿԽԽɰ
̾Ϣ֪ð̫Ҹʲ׵ҪôߣҼ˵ҳҲÿǼҸŵڣ˵㶼Ұʦʦͽһô
ɲЩ°׼ǿЦЦҲá
׼޿һԣſڹ̨ϿĽֵѵⱲעһˣ찡Ұ׼Ӣ
ס˵ҿҪȥ˰ܲ˰׼
ϼ컹дίд˴һˡ
ڶ׾ˣΪ֮ǰû˵ʲô飬Щš
˵̾ͿʼǵҾʲô¡
ɰѸӻϰɵһһʮ˵ˣ¶Цա
׬Ǯ϶á
̫ˣȥҪɡȲҪȥӻ̡
æϹȥ
ϻϲѣϰҪĶ˵һ飬ҲǸˬˣЩһ룬ɷһӵļϰˣǶϲأĥҲҪɣȥʣǿһˡ
ԽԽϲôõѵһġ
һڵ̵ļϰˣһ˵ԼҪɡ
Ϊ˹ƽúܵԸЩϰȥϺԭϣһһҵ
֮ǰʱ͸˵пܻᵢһʱ䣬ⲻҪɵ˶Ҫղꡣ
ɼϸЩ˻ˣͰĵĻصӡ
׼ҲɺζóԣҺнһɸóԣװҲһɰɡ
ȻˬĴӦ
Ϲɺ˯һҲµ
ϸܵԺĹ¼Խ۹
ƽһ˯ô
һܶûסһ󲻰ԼûԼŮ¸ңͬʱҲԹԼĲúܡ
ѾϰЦôẦ£ŹغҲû鷳˵㿴ǽڶ߰һҲûý
ɣЩҲûϣһ׬һٶǮֵϲû˯þ
ڶҪߣͻȻ⹫ǵûǺСʱΪúԶﲡصʶûü֪ͨǣ⹫ŶܺãҲ
ȥ⹫һ˰ɡ
ϱϲţ⻰ȴɫһ䣺ôͻȻ˵
ûйеϲã˲ֻ顣
ƺȥΪʲôɵܴӱп
е㲻֪ôڣԥ˺ܾó̾һҺǡ
⻰Լ˵Щùɲ˼飬ϾˣϷ˺͹̫үôûúֽ͹
ѵʲôǰ֪ģ
вɿʼֹһҪŪ
Ҿʲô飿⹫ìܣҼǵúСʱǻҰ
Խ˵Խе벻ס


58ì

Щʱ׵˺ģ⻰һҲΪ뵽ӻ֮˵Щ
ЦһǵһСͱˣȥ⹫Ҳȥֻײܸȥ
ԽԽ⣬׷ʲô
˵˵ʲô⹫ŹҲȥˡŽȥλˣ顣
̾ϢЩʹĻţҵ˺ӵʱ⹫֪ҿܲϳ֣ΪҵĹǣ֪ϸ˵ʲôڶǾˣôһֱû߶
ЩеʹϣΪ˿԰ʱȴôܲˣһ뻹ġ
ȴм˲һζò룬Ͼһ¾˭֪⹫˵ʲôֻк顣
Ҿ϶ᣬ⹫ŶˣҲôô᲻㣬Ȼ海Խ˵Խᶨ
ϴû⣬ֻõʧôʹҲδعҡ
Ϻܿصģ̫̫û˵ϾϵĻ
Լʲôĺʹࡣ
һץס˹ɵֵΪ顣
ɵͷϸ⹫ŵΪˣǼȻΪ򱧲ƽ϶ģʲôӵѵ㲻ôָв⹫أƾ⹫Ŷ۰ʲô鶼ġ
ǲϣĳôʲô¡
ϷſɵػصţΪ
飬ԩԼĵһϼƵóѣֺ಻ġ
ҡҷͣɽȥ⹫żһˣһҪһҪ
£Լȥʡ
Ǵ飬ɴӦ
Ѿˣϻȥˡ
ߵʱ׼ɣ׼ֵ춼ϲ£
ҩʱеģϾ춼ûʱͿ飬״еЩ鼮һ飬ԽԽ䣬תۼ͵¡
һ׼˶ˣ춼Цеġ
ȴĥԼ׬ǮðЩʲôá
ûҪǮΪڻڳԲ÷״̬ﶼ᲻ûǮˣ˿϶Ҳ᲻
һ¿۳ҩʮǮʣһٶģǸ·Ǯȥ
״ŹɲͣĲ̣ͣʲô̲סʲôؼҡ
ǳ֪أĶʵ̫ˡȻǹǮ˵Щ
׼°Ӻ
ҪȻƥɣ˵ŶʮǮһأ㳶߲ʲôˡ
ȴΪˣȻ˵߲͵ûеǮҵ϶᲻ͣѼﻹܴҾøҪһ㡣
׼ҲΪˣץץԼԴ⻹治ðء
һԵİ״ȴƵ˵Һû˵Ҫ͵ģڵ̶Ʒˣǿ϶Ҳ÷
˹֮Ͱ׼˲٣ÿǮ˼
ΪҪʾʾġ
һ㶣ĿŰ״򣺡״ǹ˵İɡ
Ļɰ״ǹҪ
״ٺһЦΪǹڰǲǣôõģȥʸӻ̺̣Щƶ˸أʲôģǵΨһĻƿ϶ҲҪģʱ˿ʮͿԻؼˡ
׼˷ҽԳȥһȦˡ
м羰õȥＸʮ⻹һȪء
ûʼɪ״ʹĻ롣
ͱˣ͸ڵš
׼˲ǷˣҪš
״˰׼һۣǰҲǴʼŵģ˾ͻȥΣ˼һͼžžôˣûʲôſôˡ
׼ɥҲ氡
״Ųôࡣ
ʱ˸ʱɻȥ˸ڵĻƣ껹ҪⶼǶҵ⡣
Űʵܰ״Ķ̫ˣйⲻȥ
գۼ͵¶ʮߣɵ˼ҲڹϣŹҪȥô棬ҪȥһżңȻеԶص졣


59»ؼҹ

״صĸ׼дһӣȻð׼ȥһˡ
ʰ׼ȥꡣ
״ʼ߶ѡǧҩݸĿȥЩ鼮㶼õģȥҲֻ棬ʱ࿴顣
ɸϽӦЦеĵ״Ҳ͵ġ
״˵ִóҽ˹ɣǺ鼮ȥúÿ
ɺܸмİе鼮˰
״οѾͷڷҺ⣬Ժڷ֪֪ɡ
ǵͷ԰״˵һжƴӡ
״ģȥ֮ҲԼģְ
׼ʱ˫ֲգ˲ٵĶ
ⶼС
һѶ¾ͳŹɺɿ
ӺóŵϷŵһѶˣⶨȻǰ״Ϊ׼
Ҳ̫˰ɡһѶֻµûһٶǮء
׼һЦĵһм˿ʮǮȻҰͻȥ
ѾʮߣҲûʲôƲĴҶܼɻЩ׼Ҳ
״ЩӦõģ׼ͻȥѾͷҲҿúõĸ¾ͺˡ
˵˹ҲֻܽˣĬĬļ˰״顣
׼һ¨Ѷ˱¨ȥ߲
Ųƥ׼ű¨ֱӻ˴ӡ
ѾһûйңԺѾɺˣźĶԺӵĻѩѾɨɾźҲŴ
һֱŹɻؼأŮ˼ѡ
׼ЦŰѱ¨У׼£׼ȴ˲ڻȥܸϵϳ˵˼滰Цеĸ뿪
ѱ¨ĶóˣôôණǶð˹ҪԵģⲻ˷ô
ͷⶼģȫǰ״ģ˵ǹƵĸǲƥһѣ°ɹ׼ɣһˣء
֪ɻҲ֣浽Źϲ졣
һ͸ĥȥ͸Ǯϡ
͸Ǯϡеû׵˵ţϾҲùһ뵽Ǯоеͬ顣
ϵͷһҩ˵һ飺ȥɣҲǸˣʮûҪô࣬㰲ġ
ɵĴ˿б뷨͵͵ţƤֽУȻȥ˹ǮϼС
Ǯסڴм䣬ķݵҲֻûҲԵû
ţǮϹ˺ôһ
ǹɣǮ¶Цգɰ
ɽ˹ǮϵԺӣҿţô
Ǯϸڹ̾ϢһҲЩָүʲôʱͰҵˣЩ㰡
һݹɾŵһùζû𣿡
вѰġ
Ǯϰ˵Ӹ£ҴúҲ䣬ң
ЦŰֽ˳ݸǮϣ״˺ø꣬ĥ㲻ȥԸ͵໹ŲҪ
ľùǮϿһ¹̫̫ܲס
ǮæֽܾɻƣʹãһżҩȴֻҪ֪ңǼҲùûȥ֮ǰôأôѪҪء
ƽˮ֪жǰҲûô߶Ϊһ֮󣬹ٵæ͹ⲻȥˡ
ɰֱӷϣҪǲҿˣûپ⣬ǧ˵ȥ
Ҫù̫̫֪϶Ҫ۶ˡ
Ǯϸм£ȴǸж᣺ҲŮģŮ޳ȥ֮Ͳˣʮ궼ûһۣ˵ˣ㲻뿪ð
ԸҲҪչ˵Ůʵˡ
̫įˣǮŹ˵˲ٵĻڹɲų˼ҡ
Ѿ˷ˣܷʢ׾ƻ⣬һڡ
ʮţĥһҪԲģԢһ˳˳ԲԲŴǼԼֵģƽ᲻óԣʮŴ׼ŹԵġ
ĥĥף۽Ѿʲôϵġ
ڰҾúóԡϲԻġ
ȻʲôŹɣʲôʲô


60

Ժ濳񣬻ͷҸһۣ˵Ҫȥżңʱȥɡ
Ҳһ£Ӧ飬Ϊм˹ϵôǱҪ⿪ġ
ϴǲģ˭֪λ˵ʲô
ָвλء
ûڣЦŴӦ
ǴﺢӵĽգ΢Сһĺ߼ҴҪ졣
ѾǸͣҲ׼˲ٵĳʳ
ı𣬼žĴׯһ˿
һ˾һԳԺȺȵҲ⡣
һɺ͹Ϳʼʰ׼վȥʮżҡ
кٻżңΪȽԶżұǼһҪƫԶһһҪѺܶʱ䣬һǲһȥġ
ǰûּҵʱ̫̫ôȥ¼ľΡ
ûҲûţҪȥֻ·
Ѱ״׼һһϣһѴŹȥ
ﵽżҪ·ЪϢһڼҾͼƻˣȥסջʱһɽѽһͺãҲûôི
ɵĻܶ࣬ѵøԼദôʱ䣬뵽ʲô˵ʲôʱĻСʱ顣
˵ĽųҲܿ죬ڶ͵Ҵ塣
ҴǴ˵ҪƫԶһ㣬ΪȥϸԶΨһõľƱȽƽ̹ũס˼ұȽ϶ࡣ
ȻҴ岻ж฻ԣڴǺ˼ҡ
ɺܺĿŴӣЩطмġ
ű¨Ĺɵļ򣺡ǽӰɡ
֣ҼһſڶŴϲ
סڴ嶫ͷɼǵżһǰͬ㡣
Źһ嵹Ҳûʲô˹עϾ߼Ҵ
ӣƹһƬֹɿϤĳгϵĵͰݡ
ҲкüûˣϤһепɻǵɡ
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ߵԺſڣԴԺϹһЩɲˣһԺʰܸɾǿŵȴûˡ
㺰һʱǲõģû߶ҲΪìܣҲ֪ĸǲǼǺ
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ߵԣվ泯к⹫ţ˾ˡ
еĺһѷĳ˳
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ǰ棬ҲЩʱֹסôţŮԭǣŮǣΪⱲӶûˣȴ뻹ܼŮ
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꣬пĵġ
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Ҳףѹַſûˣԭ˻ѣ˶ݿء
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һһóЩҲûܶǮɡ
ŹóЩģҲԣǾ֪ˣôôණ
ҲɲǣҲԣͺˣ㱳Щ̫үָ֪òˡ
˺οôǣҲŮ鷳ǲŮ鷳Բô겻ġ
ע۲һ£˾ĸһĲԸ˶ȰǰѶûȥ
ʱô׼ͻȻЦż˵ЩҪТǵģѾͷܸɣϰҽݵأǸǱ߳׵ûϵˣԸʲôû˹ܡ


61¾

˵⻰ʱһξӲһζǰƺǰĺܱߣʲô鶼ɼ
ǲТ˳ˣϼ޸һֱڹӣϵĸĸҲТ˳ʱ֮ǰ˵֪󻹻˵л
ںˣʲôʲôĸǰ׷ԲھΣ·ϻ˲ӭϣԽԽɵм
Щԣɻʵ˵⻰ʲô˼ʲôгûϵˣ
ԼŮǸТ˳ˣȻ̫̫ôĲƽǺТ˳ĺӣЩ׳ûϵʲô˼
̾һЩ֪ôڡ
Ĺֱ۵˵ɡ
֪Լ鸴ӣҰЩ˵ʵеΪ
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ǸǶϾϵˣҲǶϾϵֻԺǵϲǲˡɺ˵š
ϲǴ鰡
˫ϾϵҲûʲô
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ɶ
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ӻܻ㣬Ϊôӱʮ겻
ͷǰûڣôʲôԼŮŹôĿӣҺһж̫Ҳ̫
һԵĹɿһ۹ܵģˣȥȥһ˺úõľˡ
ھεĿŹɣǵ׹ôӣԺԲѾ׵ĿЩˣǵɼˣأֻ´ûɡԼˡ
ܣѹ֣ǿĹһĨЦݵЩõĶȥˣĴҶ뿪ĵ顣
˫Ҳǰǰı˵Щ£ȥ׼ʳ
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ְԶǵ˵һ飬˶ֻܸ꣬пƱ


62һˮ

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е㲻ϰߣһ᳹׵Ļصǰҹϵõʱ
˫ϻﻰⶼǹĵ˼֪һֱԵ鹢ڻ˫Ͼվ͸ȥ塣
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ҲܼţǵСʱżңֻҪкóԵţܴȥģչ
Ҳ㡣
վһԵЦһ˵ͱſްǳȥ߰ɡ
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ٲˣڮáǺֲܶ࣬ǽƽϵˣԴЩϣڿྡһǰֺͺ
ãѼĺһóҳԣɽժŵɽƬɹݵˮҺȡ
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Щʻһǲģ˼棬ӻش
һû˵ףҪʱԸ˵ףȻԸ׸ĿԿǣǼƸЩĻȫΪ˶סЩ˵졣
׸Ůᱻû£˼һʮ̧ͷģ󲿷ֶǱƵͶ·Ż׸׸ĻԼҵҸõġ
ĻɲãҴ˶֪ûƸĻû˻Ը⡣
棬ŻƻĸǣɵĻͬһˮ˲ȴ


63

һλ¶˵ֱҪһ׸ƸģֻҲɣ˭ҵĺӲ
⻰ˣԸ⡣
ЦˣӵŵúܣҲãҼǵùҲðɣҪ˭׸ȥͰ͵ӵù˵ˣҶɵ
ɲ˳ֵ䣬ҡҡͷȻԸЦ˵ĶԣҲҼãҪҸ׸ѣⲻûҡ
ҪЩˣЩʶĿĺȷ뱻ס򵥡
ܲǶЩΧŹ˵ĸ˲⣬ǲˣŮһҲ
һһı飬ŴҲעѹɴݡ
ķСЩ谵кܸɾĵŸɾıӣڴϵллҽΧ
֪ǹģЩ˻ĺӦ
ŹϣиǺڰЩ˶Ǵĳ฾һϲӵúܣҲʮͿʼ˵ףʵǷ
ɾȣʮ˵Ҳ̫ˣ󣬽Ѿʮ꣬Ѿ˺ʵ˼ҡ
ûüأˡ
㶨׵˼ǺˣϱûǺϲġ
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û˵أͿʼˣеΪôش
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еǷϣʲôӸ簡Ǹڴӵһ˼ң㲻úãҵͿʵͬˣʵһҲء
Ů˼˾һһ㣬ѡõĵûʲôҪõһӾǻٵˣҲ֪ԼδڶģĶôһӺͺûжĶԣһ˵ġ
ҲʱԼͶϵĹӸ磬ܹʳһӣʵǲпġ
һ˾͵ȥȫİˣһһ붼ú£ǿ治ˡ
飬οȰ˵Է˺ܺأָǳѹҲ̫󡣡
Ƿϣ˵Ļôùɺܴ󵨣ȻľҿøƺҲͬɵľҪͺˣڵߣԺҲı۸
û˵ֻǵͷ
ܴ̼ǣѵҪһ׸ģ
ɰɼҾһҲˣЩ˵ĻҲˣ֪Ҫߵ·ضǿġ
ǻ˼ҷҲû˭ҲԸҵʵжѿ֪ľǺġ
ԼʵҶû׵飬ЩҲҵģʵֻú׬ǮǼĴ飬ҪûǮĻ治֪ô
ֿʼмԶҪôӣǼҲǰЩѹء
ϱӵظûӾעֻܿ࣬ҪӲܹԼˣԲҪŬ׬ǮΪҲΪԼ
дųݣҺĽôľģҲǨ㡣
Ҳ룬ֻעʵֲ˵ġ
Щ䣬οҲǷҷһĺġ
ݻ˵ĸƺԸߣļҼһʳﶼܳ㣬ֺİԼ׼ԵĻ۽˳Щ˳Եÿء
һֱЩ˲뿪ŻֵӰ
ϲЩ˻磬һ˾ˡ
ʲô˽úܣ˿˵ͷҲǹˣһص黨ǡ
ɨͿʼɨһ԰ŵӣ鲻ˬĽ̹һ㡣
ɨнģɨǲܵȥģѻȫɨź棬ȵջ
Щ˼ˣ˲ٳʳ͹ҪǲҲɩӽǣƷˡ
ƢȻе֣˻ǺܺõģҲǷǲֵˣᰡ˵ֻǵĿǣûʲôϵǴ˶ǼҪݣζˡ
˵˾ǰռˣҶʡʡĹ


64ƴ

ھΣҲû뵽Ǵô顣
ֵôţûƤģûʲô˵ʵҲûЩ뿪һŻεţϺȴһ̲ͣһԱȣƺǴӺúܶ࣬ٴ˲
ִжһ˵һҲѵҵǴһ磬㷽ŶûôأԻǻ˵ǻʲô˼
Ҫ˶ˣղĳЩʺϣĸ˶ǳ฾ʲô飬һڻ˹ɵĺ¡
ɿЦһ˵ٵһһԸ׸ġ
̸˵޵ܲסʱＱ
һˣ˫ֽԼĴѵɵô뷨ŮӻҪ޳ȥźð
ҡҡͷҵһӣǼ޳ȥ޺˾Ͳ˵ʲôˣǼ޲ˣȵûչôԭԼôܲˣǻΪ룬Ҳ۵ġ
˵ʵϱӿŵΪûƲ𲡣ڴǿӣʹҪⱲҪΪԶ⣬ֵ̫̫Щ۶Ҳû취һֻ±˾˵
һеһʱ̶һҪŬһҪ׬Ǯ
ָǲϲѵ˵ʲôĲԼ޽һҲðҼǵҸھǸ󴺾ͲǺҼһ˺á
׸Ļչ˵Ƹ񣬿϶ûмԸģԸֻҲ棬֪Լ˵ܻ˹ɣϵԼŮĴ϶еġ
һֱͷû˵ȵ˵̧֮ͷĵǰҲ˵ɵĹ˼Ҳ⣬ҺⱲֻ¶кˣҲûֵܰģǼҵ˼ҵõģҽݵѧϰҩأ˵ͦõģһڣֻ׶༪١
һ˵һεе㺦£Һùǡûؼˣĵ׻ͬѧϰģһܱ֮ʲôãһ˵ԺλûˣɲɲҩҲԼ
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Щ˵ȷϲ˵ý֮ǰӻ̵ϾͰֻܹǱ׼ˡ
̵һЩҲòʹ˵ҲҪܣҪһʵˣӦҲҵġ
Ի޵鵱һҲǣͻ׬ǮҲؼġ
־ԼҲ̫ӣȻһҴһ£ҲҪȥʲôϸҲһƬТģΪԼˣĺŮôݡ
۵ĿŹɵǿˡ
ЦҡͷȴһֻҪֲҪƽͺãºò˵˵ʱַڡ
Ҳ࣬ҼԺģŵù԰ѱ߽ǵϻƾȵջʱҲһ棬ȥԼҲԳԲǡ
Щ鲻֪ôȰ˵ҲûʼֲȰ˼ֲе㲻ԡ
־С£߽ǵضúܣǻŵҼҲлƾȵԹȥͺá
Ϲɺ˯һģڱ涼ЩһֱС˵⻰ƺҪ⼸û˵ĻҲµڶһ𴲵ʱ˶ŴĺȦ
ĳ˷ɿʰ˶ϰڷҪûȥĻǽǵ滹һֻ
ܾЩţǼҶء
֪Ҳùóһֻô൰Ǻˣôû߶⿪ˣͬʱҲܸмˣ֪Һ۰ӣΪӹñԣôû߶
ҵĿһԱ׹̫̫ĵ׵ʧԶ
ڶе벻ףԼôôɶ
عƴеĶ
Ҳǰ֪ǵ⣬Ǽʲôȱһڶ׬Ǯأҽѧ£һҲǮأҽﶼǮ
ڶԱǼӱĺùܶ࣬»ûȢޣ˵ˣȢ޵ʱ򻹵ûһӰɣҲøױɣЩǺܴĿ֧


65ϣ

ҵãҲôණжʼж
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ԼŮѾܶûˣһֻʲô㶫óġ
˫һʹȰ˵°ɣҲʲôֵǮĶҪǲֻﲻҪˡ
Ҳϣ¡
˶ȰţҲһȰ˵
룬ȵ˾˴Ǽһʱ򻹿лҲͰˣѶ°ɡ
ֻܰѶŽ˱¨棬䣬˫ϲʺԶУ˫һȥ壬Ѿһ£ǴõѣԹùһ˿Сʱɺˣ黨
Ѿʰˣ᲻øλ˵һԺлҲûô˸ˡ
˫ڴţ⵹Ǳý߿ܶ࣬һ·ϴҲ䡣
ܰѩԶɽͱѩǣȥǰããõһƬҴҲ³ɽķΧܵɽֲҲܷḻ
Ӷ׬Ǯ˵Ψһȷ׬ǮľֲҩΪĻ̫ʺϲҩˣ״˵³ɽȻı⣬Ĳҩ̫̫࣬Ψһõľû˸ҽɽҩɽ֮еޱȽ϶࣬ȥΣա
뵽һԶһ˽ɽȺˣ΢һΣҲ֮
˫һҲ֪⼸ûб仯ҺöζŸϼʱȥǸϣֻϧûǡ
Ҵ˸ϼ˸ϼһӣ˫ҪȥȥҪ죬ȥ˼ûҲֻܷ
Щǹɺ͹û뵽ģʱ֪˫Ȼô顣
жԹҵԹҲԽԽ˵֮ǰе飬ڳ׵ĶԹʧû뵽ϾȻ񶾣ֻµǺ˳֣һвһп˵úܣϹ̫̫һж˳¡
⼸û߶ǰɡ˫ʵ
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͹ɶŭû뵽ɡ
˫һ̾ϢŵǶ֪֪϶ĺҲûѡ񣬹̫̫͹̫ү̬ˣһеļƽϣôһڵӲùֻ˵ҪǷֳȥּңﵱ룬ּӿһû£ǹңһ㡣
׵ּҵʱ̫̫ôɴΪʲôһֱɻ飬ԭ˰ǡ
ôȻʶ˲壬ǿɬЦȴЦ˫ֳŶͷһܡ
̫ˡĺܡ
һҲǸζϱӵһĻĻǰﲡҪӵʱȥҹ̫̫ȴ̫̫˳ϾȻҩ涯ֽţɱ֮һĨ䣬ŰɣһҪǱȵʮ
Ĺļο:ˣһжȥ˲ôԺͿͺˣǼҿ϶ԽԽãһֱڿҽ飬Ƕأ׵˵ܵãȵָұܵء
һλҩһιҲҩȵ׵壬˵˺ء
鱾ϣϾǰ״˵ܵãһֱûǮ͸ˣȥҲ֪ûϣɵĻͬ¶ϣ
ǵ̥ҩµĲ⼸ҲȥƲһھӶԲ˭뺢ӵ飬˺
ϣ뿪˹˵ԼҲδ
̧ͷһЦ⣺˵Ķģ
Ȼģѵһƭ㲻ɣϴλؼҸ׵ҩٳ԰ɣǰ״أҾòûϣһ԰
лϣиܵܵģʵ̫ˣ˵֮ܵҲһЩ
˫ܼԼĺ°ܶŮãһҪģҪܸܵãżҲˡ


66·

ͬҪܻܵüҲ壬ҪעȫתƵܵϰɣ˰
ʱԼҲܶ࣬ǲ֪׵ܲܵãôóﻹǺҪӵġ
Ľûˣҩǵü׳ԡ
гڴܹһȻǺõģûԼжϣأһǿһҲһֵıʲôá
ԸʱкӰɣûҲ⡣
ҪԵֵģҪû˭Ҳǿˡ
˫ҲֻҪӣΪ˺𣬺жŮҲ㡣
ܼþûˣ˵ˣŹɵֵϵô
ݹɵúأȻеһƴһ÷ˮӣһǮܳס治ˣһҲǮأ۵òС
ѧðԺԼô˵Ҳһա
ϵʱ״а׼չЩػۻǰ׼Щʱ׼Ϊչ飬ʱ򶼲ҽݷһ㣬Ͼڼ̫УоԼõˣҽݵʱȻʱæµһ㣬رĳʵоҵһ㡣
شܼ򵥣ϲۣ״Ͱ׼ҶܺãػۻҲҪÿҪǸҩҩоǼҩżвʱҲҩپµʱһῴ飬ÿһ춼úܳʵء
ĽĽأǲʶˣ
ʶֵ˿ɲ࣬Ҳֻмͥ΢һģԼҺȥ˽ӣǿĻ˾صģŮʶֵ̫̫ˡ
Ҳʶ֣ǼͲ
ѧͦģȻеֶʶ󲿷ֻʶˣĶҽʲôҲû⣬ܳʵĵ˵ͷʶһЩˣеʶʶһ󲿷ְɣܶ඼дЩʵ̫ˡ
ǺĽЦ⣬ԼŮб˿϶İʶأǰ飬֮ԽԽ޳ɹѧϰôõĻҪǷˣġ
˫ﻰⶼ͸ĽʶҲˣԺŰԿСʱأϧûǸһ˳ԺȶⶼҿǷİԺҪǼһҪȥ˽飬дԼҲɣҲĿʶ
ĿʶܳԿģʲôʱֲʶһ˼ô۸ô۸ʶ־ͲһֵֽҲһƾ֤
ţڿ˺ܶ࣬мͣͣţι˲ݺˮҹʱ塣
ҹĴׯܰΨ֮ﲻ֪һҵĹ˼ţԺ棬󽭰ţ˩˲ԱߣһѹȲݡ
жţһ۾Ϳ˫úܶû˴ж˼ﻹ̵ס˼
˫ˣǺôþͿأϽǰοĪˣ龭Ƕ֪ˣôĿˡ
ҲϣϺӲ˵Ȼôɵֶαǲϣô˶ż尾
Ǵϻ۵ģ͹ɴ˫ף飬ôĵܣҲĵҪؼȥ
ҪŵǸʱΪʲôôĲûǸȥĵĻҲԼĵС
һжˣԼеЩίԹΪҽٴҲûһܹһҪ
һ̵ĺùá
ϸǿģǰһѱסôˣǵһμ㻹ǸأС׷ҪҼҡ
ٺһЦùǽ˵
һ˽ӣĵõ
Ȼһ·ûҪ˯˼
Ȳĵӵԩ˵һжһ海Խ˵Խ˼ҵﶼ뷽跨ΪԼŮãҲ̫үһˮƽ΢ôһˡ
ô꣬λ˵ĸ첲ƫĲһİ㣬ʱţǲǹ̫үĶӣҪΪʲô飿
ܶʱ벻ͨ⣬еķŭͲƽЩѹס
ϵķӦö࣬վҪ˵ףΪεôġ
ΪϺ͹̫үǣôûмˣĳˡ


67²˽

̵ܶģȻ̫̫ƫģҪТ˳ûаԹԡ
֪ǹ̫̫海̲ˣеίͲʶ˷ŭ
ù˵Ѿµ˴ţӦϺ׷ΣȻмвˣһģ˵Ϊʲôţһ޿ֵģй̫̫޼ɵ
һҰʲôˣҲ۸˵ġ
סϣ۵Լۣǰȥ͹ȥˣһ˲Ǻúõô뿪ҾڶˣǶЩ߶һֲ
ϻҾ˵Ϊʲôô۸ˣһǵԲǣøĹˣТҲТˣ˭Ҳ˵ǼҰߵ㲻ǣҺûû׷ϵΣȴڱЩɵ¡
һ뵽飬֪жܡ
ҲڼƽЩѾûʲô˼ҲһȰ˵˵ĶԣױˣһҹúòǶǵıͳͷǻῴЦȥž˾Ƕ߶ˣһжȥҪǰǡ
ЩĻɵȰ˵ãϳ̾һƵ˵Һܶʱ밡ǵľжʯĳЩûѪϵҲ
ȴͿƣϲкӣҪһкػҲµԼӵòҵȫҲŻ˶̥ҩ
һĨ䣬ԲŹģŰɣɱĸ֮ԲĴ
˫Լʹ࣬Ҳŵ㶼ȥˣƽ̫෴Լ췳գ㿴һڹͦòǣֻӹøӺǶǵĳͷͱÿ쿴ǹӣǻڹͰ͵ӣǲرģҲϣǰ飬ﲻʺϳţȵůҾʹǡ
ŷŭĻ𽥽ˣЦ˵ĶҪǼƽϵĻһĹεĶЦо仰Ҫ˵ףöﾡТǶˣôǵԺǼӺùˣҶ͵͵Ӽǣҿǲģһڻܻȫ쿪ʱ˵⻰ҿɲ
Щͺ»ᷢǰҪ˵ףԺӻùģϾ̫үùˣ˺ܴһʿֲ֧ҩҲ㣬ׯڻܶࡣ
Խ廨ĻԺʹȥҩȥɽдԣҰҰ˲ȫˣϣҲһ˳ԷҹҲ׬ǮôԺ󶼾ͷ
ҲˣҲеʹ⼸ηһУжƫˣĿŵĺû˵䣬Թ£ΪûжӾͳ˽ڣûжĴôĺӻڶͱһҩˣӵ塣
һĻĻǰԼڴŵʱ￴ûпһۣοĻûһ䣬ôƲϵӾеĶ顣
ʲôֵģ˵δԲϵ飺ҾԲģԺֻǡ
⻰οԺˣһҺӻںأһŬѧϰҩ״˵ʺֲҩݣĥԵĻԿĸسֲҩء
˫ҲȤ֮ǰҼҵʱֲƾǲ
ЦŵͷȻƾļǮأɵĻƾʮһչ˺ܶ࣬״˵ֻҪлļӶȥ˾ҪŵùҲһЩʱҿԽôҩġ
ҩҪƣߵ˲˽
ֻܼҪ׬ǮǼк߽ܶǵأʱֲƾҲӰƽʱ
˫ȴȫһ㣬˵׬ǮĻأҶֲ֪ƾ׬ǮһֲҲռȻȵ֪׬Ǯٶֲ˵˾ζһѷЧˣʱ˾
ԼֵϣҪֲƾǻҪֲһ㣬ɽǼضڳ֡
ȫҲţ˾˼ȻңôҲ˽˾˸ɽҲкܶҩģԲҩ˿ɲ࣬ʶҩĵҲ࣬˾ҪȤԸѧҰʶĶ㡣


68ºΪ޳

˫ܻϲ׹Ҫһ׬ǮȲ˵ǮǮǰǾû뵽ñ߽ǵֲƾҲǶһ벻ǡ
ĥţǲǮҲҲԳأƾǺöʶҩҲкôģȥʱ򿴵ҩľͿԲɻؼңҲһ氡
ҲǹһҲ˵֮οģԼֶŮҲˡ
ȻǺõģ֪æȵҪϲҩʱ򣬼ǵýǾͺãҲһ룬ȵũеʱͿԽɽҩҪˣҪܶء
ϻϲҪ˰Ǻ飬ɲǰ˽ġ
ʹĵͷЦеĿҲҪ˰ɣȵ׺ɡ
̺ˣɬĵɾֻ֪Цңù㿴
ЦݣܾöûĹˣһһ˵Цӹúܿġ
ϻйɼһһ峿һ磬Ժ֡
ϾԺôһͷţ˩ţҲû඼߼Ҵġ
Ժӣһ۾Ƽϴ£к⵹ϡͰʲôʱġ
֪Ϻҵ飬ڿѾǰˣǰҲȰ˵ϣ˵飬ʱʲôˣ϶м˵Ĺϵ
°ϴһžЦŴüûˣɺã
ǰӵʱ򴺻飬Ժϲ˵
˳ǰһ۾ɣӿⶼöû˰
ɬߵǰӡ
ҲˣСʱһΪұˣһֱҲãѾܶûˣ񿴼ǻϲѡ
뼸˽˵мĻȼŻ̿̿ҲԼյģȻȼղõȴ̣Ҳÿһʱóռ졣
ڵģɵ˼ͬ󴺺졣
ܿʹ˫Ϣ涼֪Ϻû߶飬û뵽ôֿʼ߶ˡ
Ҳ£˶ʧˣúܱɣ˲֪ã֪˫˰ɡ
ϲӣȫоϲãﲻػţǵĿһ۹̫̫ﵱ˫᲻֪
µúܣЩ˹ٸҪģ滹ùһвˣˡ
˿ܻᶯϾż尾
̫̫ɫҲÿ˵µʵ̫ˣ˶˵ҿ϶ֹӣһֱڵҪҪˣӦöҪһġ
ԽԽڣڵΪʲôֻҪӡ
˾Ȼֿʼ͹߶ҲʲôϢҪֵõģ뿴⡣
ǰεЩķŭܲܲҪǰȥģððʧʧһ㲻أʲô˿ʼ߶ˣ˵ǹɽģСѾͷƬڵġ
ԽԽڵӦӵ£ûʲôϵˣҪҹĲҲҲйϵ϶ùɺܣҪһŲĻ¡
ҧݺݵôûɽҲɵģȻҪƾͲ˿
һԵĹɫҲÿӦò֣Ǻ͹ѾûϵˣҲֲʲôҵ˵˫иŮúÿǼҴɽͦġ
ע˫绨ŮСﶼȢޣҲøԼȢһǡ
ҲˣȢϱҲ
ϲδʲôףǰһ˵ĿģҽûôעأǵѾͷСʱͳˮ顣
ʮĻûļҹԸ޵ǼңֹһҰе鶼ֵ˾֪ģŪЩýŶԸ˵ףǶӵƸ˻ûйԸ⡣
ԽԽ˶ڿЦ΢һ˼Ҿô࣬΢õĸƲǴӡ
һβк´ʮ磬Ҫɽ˵ϱеѡ
̫̫ҧû꣬ɽȢϱһңϱȥһ˹ң˵ɽ˫ҵѾͷԸӵƸ񡣡
զࣺӰ
᲻øôȥһľڵѪ
̫̫һϵ㶮ʲô


69޳

̫̫ԼĴ㣬ϾĿǳ
ǲ⣬ֺõ㵹˵˵
еŪҪʲô붼ۣŹ̫̫á
ͨĹؼݵĿŹ̫̫ʵǸ߼Ҫǳ˰׬ϱ
ԽԽ£ĸ˵ʲôôʲô
̫̫̫ѵ㲻Ӻջô˫Ů˵һף˼ҲӰɣ
ϻǲףȻء
̫̫ģȥ˵ӣޣ˭ﲻ⡣
ڲǰûֿܵˣοӲˡ
΢΢ü˫ͬ⣬ϾΪͷϣȥô
װɣһͷϣʱȥ˵϶ģףһҿǡ
ֲɵʱȥٷְЩԹ̫̫ôȥƫƫȥ̲ˮ
ˣüȥȥĥĥģͽȥʸôôࡣ
ϲ˵ˣ̫̫Ҫ˵ܻؾ죬˵ɲһ죬ֻίĴӦ
Ȼ˵ʲôԹ̫̫ĲΪԣЩͽȥȫ
ɽһСʱ򿴼úܿΣʱ򻹻һҪ˶á
һţﲻܳɲɶȥһ
ܣ֪ȥҪأ⻹ȥ
ȥ˰ɡߵվߣǿˣۻġ
˵ôֲ
ʰһԼţһ·϶Ҫôڣ⻹ûԺأͿܶԺԺ棬ߵߣ￴˿ô£
ץһϹӣһ߳һߵ˵˺Ϻöû߶˰ɣھȻʼ߶ʵǹ¡
е᣺˭֪ΪʲôͻȻ߶ˣ˵ҵĹﳤÿΣû
Ƴһϣĵô㿴˼ҹˣ㻹ģЩ飬Ϊ˼һѹ޸Ұ
ͿƤӣҴѾ˵˺ϲ߶ȫ海Ҷղ̫пˡ
ϲˣ˵ôء
뷨˲٣ҪǿһҶȢϱءĵЦƽڴܴʲôӺõúܣ˵ĺӶȲӣЩ˭
ںòҵҵĻᣬܷ
һأ˹Ļ֮ҲӻҲ˵͸ɽȢϱôⶼ˻ûء
ǰϵȷ˵һ£ԷҲǺܺõĹֻû뵽˹˵Ǽ飬ȻǹһͰѻˣ붼ںأҰһӣôõĻûˡ
һ;ÿǽ˼ҵ˰أ±ˣⲻΪһҽô
ӳҪǲֲҪ飬˼ҹף˰ѹͱˣﺰ޹˵˼ҽǣƤôôء
ӸϵĹϵȻرãĹϵرã˻޻̸ĵƲϡ
ϷĺܣûʼϢأͱңﲻˬ
İӺ͹һֱۣӽԺӡ
ӾͿŵģȱôȻֱ׳أƤ񡣡
⼸λΧһš
ĵúܺãһ˵Ķ档
ڴĵĵʱϽӡ
һ˲е˶
৵һ¿ϣĵʲôҼҲӭ㡣
ɫѿĵΪԸֲġ
վϽߣĿʲôǼҶӭ㡣
֪海֮رϣĵһ۶࿴
ϵԼҪٲ˵û˵ˣ˫ҼҿŮˣƸ񻹲ҪױԸҼҴϲŮ
⻰̶ܴоԼˣδεĹɸϽһ԰ο
÷ܶ˫Ҳ˫սվϣŵˣʵ˫ڵ̫ˡ
Ҹ˵ⲻǴӣҪǸҶҶŲ߲塣
˫Цһһм㶯֣Լ֪֪ҵСˣһûǼҵ鷳㵹ˡ


70·

ﱾͶһΪϵԵһҺ͹ôû߶˼ļ尾ϾȻǰŮ
û˫ԽԽ
ԹԵŮ˵ףԷҲûҼҺðɣǼҶ࿶ֱӸӡ
ʵ̲סҹ
Ȼ£һ뵽岻ҴҲ׺ˣ˫ŲˣͻȻǰ˫Ҫû˵顣
žѾ嵽ϸǰһƺݺݵ˦ϡ
ϱۣҪǰ˺ȴ˫סãǴģϻҶִûܹί
ſңϽſҡ˫
˫һЦҲզأһвҼң˵Ҫǰóͷˣ߶˾͸һʹӣҵﲻó˸Ƿּңôû߶ȫǱ㺦ģҵÿõʱᣬЩ»ô
˵صİǰһƣûվһˤſڡ
Ժ˵Ȼ˵Ľ̸˫Ļʱÿֵ˾˶û뵽滹顣
Ƕ˵أΪʲôҲ߶ˣһŵĹ̫̫ȻӦּˣԭΪЩȱ¡
ЩָָգԹ̫̫ԹԹޣ˫Ҫǰɡ
˫÷˭ҪҼƽһ˵²ᣬĥҲûٹϵˣȴҼңŮǶʲô⵱Ҳ֪ʮŮ˭Ҽ޸ӣԸðɣҼһƲҵӣΪ࣬ҵҵ֡
ƽʱ˫Ҳǲ˵ģһʵصĺӣʵ̫ˣƵò
϶ϡޡһϽǵۣһҵǸǺڵģһҩҶĺɽıɱɣΪҰҷЩģҺûϵˣԺٱһҶġ
ԼȹڣȹϵĹӿǱ˵ϣһһѾվϣΪǱȥҵжɣõڴˣ磬Ҫ㰡̤̤ʵʵĹӣһ²ɽ
߯ˣô޳ܵˣѴӵˡ
Ͼýûûù˵ԽԽӲ˵˫ԹҲúܣɾȻм
ίˣָż˵Ǹҵţ˫Ҫ߲Ǵ塣
ºݻת뿪ҪȥԼӺͷ˫
˶ϵûЩ£ϻͷ뿪ЦôôأҲҪȥŤˣЩһƿɽˡ
Ӻͬʵ̫ˣһֱֵ֮鲻֣Ųǹģ̫̫ҲûһҩѵԼӣת۾ȥвˣ߯Ƕˣ̫޳ˡ
ĸ˶ͬӺ͹˵ġ
վ³ļλ˵䣬λɡ
Źϣм˽ʵԼĴ㣬ɲǼһپˣ϶ǼЩ飬ǰɱһҶ
ϲһҪɽ͹СɽȢôܻ˿ôȢ
λ˶Ǵ˵ģҪ֪˺ʮ粻֪̫̫ǼȱҲùˡ
Ӵżλ˽ӣ϶˳Ӻͻд
ݱСἷġ
ô°һ¾ʵ
Ҳѷԭԭ˵ˣ˿ûͼӴס
Щһ飬˶÷ŭ
ʵ̫ˣǻҪҪˡŭ
ɵĽӻ֪ʲôЩ飬óôҪ׬ǮҾ͵ûȥһҲȥˡ
ȷ̫̫һֱһңǼӹúãһôڿȴӣһĹҲࡣ
ԽԽϣǸûӵĿ϶ҩ£һǹָ̫̫ʹģԸ˵ף峤˲ҲȢɣѹǣҪһӿ϶ɰôָʹȥػۻô۹ù͹ɽȥ


71²²ȷ

˵ЩϺ͹ˣϸһĥпôһ£̫̫ںıߵģһûӵĿ϶벻ҩ˵ȥҲỳɹ̫̫ʲôϾϱҪΪԼҲĿԣҪ̰ܶࡣ
δɹ̫̫ѻп
Ҳǲܡ
ҲһɻһϺӵʱͲϲָ˵ôΪʲôҪϺӣyinкӵʱû˵ҵҲù͹д׳ƽҲ£һȫû⣬һҲû£Ҵδɹ̫̫ӽĻඥ
һﾪˣǰֻԹϣЩ̫̫ĮͲƽָǹָ̫̫ʹôء
ԹҲԽԽذοˣǹ̫̫ҲãҲãҲûʲôϵֻҪǲǾͲȥ鷳ˡ
Ӻ͹ȴҪһ
ƾʲô˰˵̫ˣǼһֱ۸㣬ҪҾȥ֡
ɲǣֱֶã̫̫߶Ҳ顣뵱ֵͦģֻǺ֮ǻ˺þã֪ܵв
Ϻ͹ûʵֻ밲ȹӣΨһתľϺ͹ĶˣԸٸǼκ
ĻصҳŹͿɥ˫۸ôͼӴ˵һ顣
ɽòˣԼױ̣ŹСɽվСɽüһߡ
СɽɽģվһҪ壬ų嵽ſھͱ̫̫ס֡
ɽ͹СɽͬʱվסŤͷɽôǺأǸ׳ء
̫̫һ۹ɽΪøΪ׳ˣǱҲأҪǶ˭ԿһأҲڣʱŹҲóԿ
Ͽ̫̫ԽʧôίȻԸ
ίĵĺ
̫̫ûã鲻ֱȥк˼ҿ϶ﲻ̹Ҫ㰡һķӡ
ʵѹϣϼԽԽѹˣ뵽ıȨͲֲɵԼеȻ׺ܶࡣ
϶ô˵ҲӣҪȥ˵ڼҵʱ˵ȥ˻ᱻ㲻뿴ұô
ֻǲĿһϣȴûԹϡ
ɽѪգһû̹ܲһʲôµģ̾ǱˣǼأͰ󴺼ӽǱҲܴģҪǴ˭Ӯ˭仹һ
̫̫ܾȴվټһߡ
ϻϲˣķӦ͵Ŀһ۹ɽȴŵĻͷŹ̫̫һЦ
ĸȥ˹ҡ
ĸ˶죬ȴɽŵҹ
˱˫һȥûҽֱ̣Ӻġ
֪˵ȢŮⲻǿЦôŮֲǼ޲ȥ˻޸ֻ쵰⡣
ɽûԼˣҾͺʲôңǰ˵ǿŮû뵽ҲǸҪġ
ɾ˫ɽʣֳ̫˰ھҪ˵Ҫɣⳤ໹ȾָҼұ㣬һԼƷв˲֪ܵĶ⡣
һϲ˵ˣɽʵ̫ˣ̲סҪ̹ˡ
ɽһһ㶵ģȫûϵɾȻ֮ǰڼҸˡ
ѾͷҹͷǸɽŭ
ɶŵϡޡһ˶ʸҹĲ˰֪ΪɶûԸ޸ôΪȱ¡
ûȢϱǹɽеʹǰ˵õ˻ˣ˵ڴһӵŮҲ޸Ϊ߳жӢȢϱʲô¡
񻹱ɼҡ
㵹б˵ң㲻Ҳû˵סԼˡ
⻰ˣҪ˵ɵ˼Ҷˣǰʱкö˵˼Т˳ҪԼչˣҪŮأͱˣ˼Ҹֲһ


72Լ

˵һôһǲԸޣһƴȢϱɽΪԼǸ
úܣ߯߹ɽˡ
ӳŴǰֶŮû޸ǶԵģҪǼ޸ˣָһҾͿʼ椼ˣһ˲Ըúֵ׬ǮЩ˵ĹӲİ
λεƲɽһˡ
̲ˣɽǰ͵ҼҶǵˣ˵עһ㣬ΪһҺ˵
ӲǸµģ˵ЩͶһǼ޽ϱΪ˺ƴ˶ϲϼӣЩȱ¡
ǿߣ˾˻ҴզأǴҲ£ء
ӳЦҺ˵Ц˶˵⻰ʱ˼˭֪ģǵܵĻ˼һ˵˼۸㻹֪ټһﰡ
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ۿŹϱԽԽ˰ȻҴӡ
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ҵȻ֪ǰҸʲôΪȣֻҿ㲻Ҹ磬õҵأǸܰɱ˴ĹأŴǰ˶ǻá
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Ӻ³Ǵܿ԰Ѽһ£ֿȭĴ򣬴ļѪɲá
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ϵͷԺм䡣
ܶ࿴ֵģһСѾȥһȦ
ǰһìܾʹܣԾͳ˹أŰҽҩҪǱŵİˣҪеҩǮ
Լֿȭ
ˣһԵ֮ǰض˽ɣҽҩǴ˹øһҽҩѣѪֹͣûɡ
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ȻСɽһ˲䱻˫һ˶ϣһź˫ûбΪʲôиּį˫ΪȫƺþȫôĶԶ÷һ˼Сɽ׵úܡ


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˲СɽСɽû°ɡ
Сɽ۵òУ˫һſʵʵڵģɥۡ
ˣԼӿǱ񣬽˫һߵϣ⿴Сɽı֪ۡ
ߵ˹Сɽ˹÷ŭʼ˫˫ÿȴܽýȭͷֱܿһȭͷ˹ϡ
ɽĿĿʼŹ֣˸Ƿ׷ҡͷɽ˿ûԥԼֵΪ˲ܡ
һɽдԷ飬˵ɽ͸ˣҪͨý˵Ȣϱǻϲܵġ
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һʼܽţ˫һ־͵ˣûϣˣҪ˫ȴֹˣʱֻ˷ģûʲôô
һȭͷ˵ϣ˫ûһһŵ˹ϣҪȴ޿κΣղǼȭͷ˫ûƢ
ϿԼ๫̵סѹСɽһԺųȥ
˫ĿųŭҲŮˣҪҲԹһúܣΪû뵽һʶȤԼ
Ͽ϶Ͼ˫˵ʱҲûͣһһŵڹϡ
ſҷŲҸƴ
һֱվµӾͳ˫ҼᣬϽҡ
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һʼܾίôΪ˹Ϊ˹Ҳˣ͵֮Ĺϵʵǲܡ
벻ѾĵڶԴˣΪջ³ôĲܡ
ͣм˿϶Ҫֹ˫ˣˣҲͣ£Сˣ㿴˶Ҫȥˡ
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˫ֲŶŹޡһʵ˵ҪߺһҸú÷鷳ݹҶǲΪ˶࣬Ҳ˵ġ
ǽһްô˿źöǶ⣬ҪôһңСɽһžͱߵûսɽҲ򲻹Ҳֻб÷ݣϸң½󶼱ˡ
˰оԼûڴˣԹĳҲԽԽء
ȴδ˼Լµǡ
ɽСҲϺҲֿˣ˶ЩǱϱغܶ࣬ɻûʲôˡ
ţ˻ĥⲻŵԵûˡ
ӺۣƺСɽߵһˣضˡ
˫ЦŹҺ÷ҽҩѾͲˣүҽҲῪˣõѱϱץ⣬ʮǮôˣűһ䣬Ժһᾭ
֮⣬һֱš


74½

˼ʮһγôĿⲻǳԿɾˣ˿Цһֻӣһ졣
СɽͻȻŻſڵϵӺǱ
˫һʵʵڹСɽϵģƳһ۹СɽϽȥɡ
ϵڵѪɽ΢õ㣬ҲˣСɽ͹˵òᣬҪȥҽݡ
ȥβҪǮ춪˵Ҫӣһ뵽ľڵѪ
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Ҫȥ˫ƴȴ뱻˫һˣղ˫˵Ӻÿ¡
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ǺܺáرŹ˵
һιȴЦѧģҾ˵ӵѳ˵⣬ҽҩѿڹȥϾͲҪˡ
˵һúýǰ۸ü˻Ҫǿġ
ζû뵽ش𣺡ˡ
֪仰Ϊξʹ˹Ц㣬Ц˵ҵҪǲ䣬ͻᱻҰƤˣ˶ϧģ۸ô
ǽһðһұ۸õúܣ˵ĺã㱻ǺҪڲԼ
ûʲô˵ģΪ֤ˣʣµôͿԼġ
ҪŹ뿪ټŸ
ֻ˫Ͳ뿪Ļ᣺ʮûߣ
۸ôãҲҪùһһԱ۸ζƻˣҪ߶һ紵ݶ˹
ϲǮȴٶǮˣԺܻһġ
鲻ˣҪ𲻿ˣԺỹúܡ
ϲĵóǮʮǮ˺ü飬ĵݸ˫
ŹһǱ뿪ɵһξ
˽ǿһϷĹߵߵСһ㣬չΪ˿϶ˡ
˶֪ΪˣȻ¹϶ġ
е㵣ǵĵͷлл峤ѣԺһСĵģֻܽǲԸ˺飬ôԹȫع
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75ϱ

Ҳ֪֮ʱ˻Ǽңȥ˵ĻҲûٺġ
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ĹﶼûҪ޽ϱ˹ƶȥˣΪҲżҪȢ
Ҳ£Źһһߵ˵᲻Ӧ
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һǱĵң̫̫Ժˣһ۾˵ĲԾǵǰס˹ôˣúõ˳ȥôȫˣ
ָŹϢأһĿôôǱˡ
ûʲôɫ˫ǳ˺ôĿڹһҲǿ
̫̫ɫ΢䣺СӻǴƴˡ
Ҫǹ⻰һ޹̫̫һڣƵĺǹһ˰ɡ
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̫̫һСɽСɽۣ
СɽһֱŶӣɫЩѿۣұ˫һţ̣ҪΪǱ𰡡
ˣ϶Ҫ˰һسӣΨһָҲֻǿĹ̫̫
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۵úܣҪɢһ㣬һҲû鰡же£ô˾ôأǰǲмǴ򰡣һɽоûж֣֪ôչֳҲ嶯ǡ
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ڵߵԺſڣȴԺţź˭ء
̫̫һǴ֪ǶµľҼҵ޹أϽҰŴ򿪡
ٺһЦһҪĻ㲻һأô׸Ϊӿ۸أϽתԸˣȥ
Ʋ߹̫̫ƫĵզˣһ˶ôأûñ̫̫۸ʲôˣҪ֪ǹ̫̫ģɺöιǼĺˡ
Ͼ˭Լ
˿žۣ۸ʲô˰
̫̫ţҪƿȴһ㲻˫ֱؿЦƿҸ˵һοɱŪòײ޺ðҪŪǵǮˡ
һǮ̫̫ˡ
ţҪ˵仰̫̫֪Ʋǲ
ѹͲΪ˵˼ҳҪ㣿Ͻתؼұǳˣز˵Ҳ㣬ӱȫǻãбӦʱⲻǱӦľˡ
˵˻ĥ˫ںһҳҲĺܶࡣ
ô˹ϵܺã˵ģ뿴һұ۸
̫̫ŭˣûأµʲô
Ҽҵ¸޹أϽš
ĺܣǰֻҪһϾˣһЦأѹͲˡ


76ת

ѹͲԹ̫̫һף˵žͿôܡ
˵һ˭ҵ£ҼǵóһҸûʲôϵ˰ɣǲǹһİĻò˹ˡ
ϸ˱ǰӣǺܺõ鲻ǣ̫̫һأֻ֪Ҳʹ졣
ͷˣϽ߸Ͻߣ˲졣
̫̫Ŵš
ڴʱ˫˳
˫һЦ˻ĥ
֪˫ҪʲôˣǵǵҪСøúܡ
˫׼վһԣ뿪ţԼȴſڡ
̫̫һ˫ͼˣǱ˫ڵߣڴ˹ƶ£ǼҶľ˫
־ȥ˫ţҶӺǲǡ
˫ĿŹ̫̫е㲻ͷİѹ̫̫ƿ֪ʲôſԶթңǲˣֻҪҸ͸ҵȥϷ
̫̫飬Ϊ֮ǰģֻҪ˫͵ȥҪҪڱˡ
ܻῴɫЦ㰡˫ɱȻᵹڵˣ㿴ӡ
ر̫̫һл볰Ц
̫̫⣬˫ɲô࣬ȻҪ
ֱӰŸˣһкܿûӦοվôڵĹ̫̫ѹû뵽˫š
ţСҿš
˫Ϊǰأʲôʲô
ǰңǸʱ͹̫̫ûּңҵʱ̫̫ɿˣ飬ǰ־еꡣ
̫̫ˣڵҪȴĸ֮飬ʲô鶼ûɡ
ҹﵱͲð
̫̫ţӵ˶ȥˣֶһˡ
еͷ˼Щҡ
ϰο˵˵
һֱ֪̫̫Ϊƫأǹ̫̫˵㣬ȻϲͲӦԼĺѵøô
ҲȰ˵ĪҪ롣
̾һҳȥ˵


77

ûһһԼӵòôΪʲôҪԴ
СҪƫһ㣬ԴСͺ£ʵõ׵۰ܶʱԸΥ粡׽ȥҴȴֻһڴϣźıӻŶ£ӲĿȥ
ûм޳ȥ֮ǰＸλͣԵʣȴǼֵ֮ܽġ
ǵһˣԭǸǶ棬Ժϴѣ˫ֶͨ죬Ǹʱҵ׿ߣ˵Եÿп෽Ϊˣס仰ܸмȢҲĽʹˣҲҲɼңȴ˵ȵȣһȾ꣬￪ʼ
Ǹʱڼ﷢˺ôĻȴһֱЦţ˵˷ӣһΪҴڽӴ͹ˣûϣʱȴ˵˸ͻݵϱˣȻûдôҲ㣬׺׵ĺһֱ¡
˵ÿ춼ڵҪӸùûΪŮͲģֻҪŮҪ
׾Ȼһ̥ҩĺӣúܣѹûǸҩǱ⣬˭Բ
ôŬöӵĽɫٿ඼ҧ֣˼ҽ̵ĶǸŵܵܣ̵ǵܵҪ硣
ǣķ̣ԭֻǶĶѡ
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Ϊʲôģȴƫĳ
ʵ̫һ㣬ʲô˵ģʶʼһֱϲ̤ʵТ˳˵õʲôãһûû
滳ɳĺӣҲǣҲֻйɣ޳ȥŮҲⲻ޳ȥü˶û㣬ҲǺɡ
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ʲô£ϲ°ɣҼҵҪ죬ҳġ
˵űҪԺӣȴߵſڣɫĶŹ̫̫ʲôſ˵ɣӺŮ뿴㡣
ͨͨˣҪٲ֪ôˡ
̫̫ϰ߹ô̬ȣ㲻ǲҶǲãôôġ
ǰһ˵⻰ͻ
һΡȴЦһôвôӼ¿ʼͰż£׬鹻Լ˰ɣ֮ûϵˣҲһҲ˵ʲôѡҪӸҶϾϵġ
ǵˣûݿһۣûйĹӺͺӣҪӶϾϵЩ£˭ģ
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֪Բ㣬ôܸɲҲһִٳɵôΪξͲԭء
һڵĿŹϣܹл
ȴӹ̫̫пһڵ˼𴽽ǿЦһԭ£ҵҪԭ㣬ֻĲ䣬˵ҳû˵ǰͷΪ˹ôˣԺմ˲㶯֣Ҳң㺦ҺӣҺĸ֮Ĺϵô»ûˣŸԼҲʹ졣
̫̫ĸоˣǰĹɲ˵ô໰˵ô໰˵Ҳô߼
ͻȻһжİˣǰ;ܹסܹƿԼһӣΪʲôôƫģŹĵһӣСͶúģе棬Լһƿعġ
һȫһúӣԹٲҲԹԣôûиı
һжˣʲôʱʼģǹɱɽˮһΣͽıˣǰų͹Ҳˡ
ҪǣҲˣһеһжˡ
㻹ôʵľȻеΡ
ᣬԶᡣ


78¾Ϊ

˺ˣԼ飬˵һԭ£һĻĻȫԺи֣ҪԼӺŮ
̫̫û뵽ˣݵеõ𰸣ѹͲⰡ
ѵһں޵ӣ
ƭȥûҪӰһָŹŭҾ֪϶ǸТ˳ĺӣ̵ʱȻҧңǸʱҾף˿϶ֻǣû뵽ǰǡ
˶ˣΪ̵ʱҧǰǣ
˫֪ôӻվ˳һЦӳʱҧǺģȥ˺ӵˣǲι̵ʱ򶼱ҧƾһ˵Т˳Ľδ̫ǣǿһ㡣
ƽûбˣ׶ǰ䣬ΪСʱҧΪԶһֱãڳ֤СɣôСʲô
ΪСʱҧ㣬һֱǺңôԴҲԴ˼ҵĺӡ㱻̫̫ɸЦˣʵ̫ЦˣȻΪԭ
ʱ˳Թ̫̫ĽЩ𾪵ġ
ôСĺôȻΪҧͼǺô꣬ѵΪЩ黹ôô곤һֱǺܺãҵҵԼ£˵òãǲǱ۰ĳ£Ҽ޽ǼһֱТ˳ţҲҲǺúӣΪʲô֪㡣
뵽ôܵίΪӤʱڲǵĻ
̫̫һЦΪʲôҪ֪㣬ĶӣҾȥ÷Ϊ꾫ҪҼҳôǡ
ˣôû£ɲ㣺ǣûҵӿʲôʸָ㣬޹һֱڳԿۣ΢ǵԼ˿ͲֳɽǲĽǼˣ㣬ԺĽʱˣǼһԽԽãһϷӡ
Ȼ̫̫˵Ҳ֪Ľˣӷּ֮ǼһֱúңʱϼţɽҲˣֻҪץסͻš
϶й̫̫ӰӣڣһҽùˣҪӱΪǼûУֱӾóӸˣһ˱ǰӡ
ۺ˰ɣԲŻŭ
̫̫ؿһһҲüָŹͰ͵ӻ׬Ǯǲ̫һ㣬ּҲöˣҿӲûкùΪ˸Ͳ˰һǮʲô
ĵǲϹڳɾ͵ģȻζùɽ͹Сɽ״
֪̫̫ǼʣﲻЩԺŮôŮ֪úܣÿ׬Ҽɾ׬ǮһҲ֪Ʒҳѣ۰Ĺɽأʲôʲô
ҪɪôˣôõŮ͸õɪ
̫̫úܣȫǴ߰۰Сɽ͹ɽɻûõʲôʱʱĸǮ
㡭˵ʲôȴһʱ
ĿŹ̫̫ȥɣ˲ƽϣҲһԼҪǴ˭㵽ڶ1ԸίԸТ˳ΪʲôΪʲôõǵΪʲô
˶ԣҪǱƵ޿̵ĵزҲ鿴Ҫ
ͬϵĻÿһ䶼˵Ŀϡ
˫ûɫϽ߰ɣûȤ治ҪΪҲҴ㡣
̫̫һöûֵԶԶĿ֣ǿʵ̫ˡ
˫͹ù仨ˮٽǹ̫̫ڹгԱôôء
˲û˭ùԣʵôǶ̳ɹҲǲˡ
̫̫̺ݻû飬ĵת뿪
ǰŹ̫̫һߣ̹ԺţЦ
Դ˾ǸַʽΪǷ޺۸ˣôТ˳ˡŲܻûԶĹ̫̫⻰ô롣
ʲô鶼ҪΪԼΪ
̫̫ΪôСȫǼëƤС£ȫǲǨŭ˵飬ȻǺô꣬ʣ˭ǵӤʱ¡


79СǼ

⻰˵ȥҪЦˣȻӵ
˭ûҧӳʱҧҲǺģôСĺôɰʲô
̫̫ΪСǨŭڹ
ûԶĹ̫̫ĻڣѴǧΡ
ͷϵСʱҲҧɡ
һЦҧöأǸʱССĺÿɰеƤ
ҲͻˣԺҵ鶼ˡ
ЦСʱССĿɰúܣǸʱ˻ľҧι̵ʱҪҧס
ɴ֪Щ飬ϵֱ۵ǰܿˣԺһúТס
ҲΪӰ飬ִ˴ɶͷЦǸʱȻۣԵҲǿĵġ
䣬˫ҽ˵
̫̫ڹﲢûֵôһӵ
ص˭ûɫŹ̫̫һѹ˹棬űǻ˺öȴûȥʡ
һ뵽ԼͲؿڱһѹúܣڴȴЩɤӾͺ
ϼҴҵĻص䣬ż򣺡˵ܸǶӣ
һֱŹ̫̫ϵЩرڹɽϱ̲ݻ
ǳҹﲻöӣǰջ˵ҪԼײı
һˣֵɴǵù
Ƭϲŵ׸òɽСɽȢһϱɣһ˵ϱܹġ
Ȣ޵Ļӱ㹻ˣϱôҲϣڴҲ׬ǮɽϱôСɽҲÿ
Ҫϱѣ˼ԸҲвȱġ
Ȣһ⣬ȱݵĻһ֫ȫϱ
ҲǳɽСɽȢһϱǲͬģȥЦҲ𡣡
ô죬ӶϣЩԼҲܱ޽ô꣬ӶҪȢϱ˽Ƽҡ
֪а˶ٴι̫̫ϲģŰɣȽһЩίȥ
˫ЪϢһڶվ뿪ˣĶ߼Ҵȥĸҡ
һգ۾͵˳ߣɿʼ׼ȥϵĶ
һɵ꣬ǰΪ˳Ժȷȴ⣬һ˿˵˵Ҹġ
ϸ״һ׼˺ܶʳԼõóֵģһɷڱ¨·Ҹ׼ȥҪԾ͸˵
ɰЩϣ׼װŪЩ׼
ƽԷܻһ׼ݷ
¨ѾҪװˣɿŴı¨е㷢ôһ¨ôȥ
ƽʱȥ϶ǷɽԽ룬·۵úܣڻñôණͻȻüۡ
ϰһ۹ɵȥôһ¨Ϊһ˱
Ҳùһȥϡ
͹ɾͰˣʲôʱżһ˰˾ߵʱһ𡣡
̾ϢһٵȵȰɣȹʱֲƾһȥʵǻû׼
ΪᣬôûعңܶʱҲԹԼΪʲôȥ֪࣬ϵı
תһ룬Ϲϵһ߶ˣҪ֪мǼҲû취
ûвϣ֪϶û׼ƾȿʱͻ
״æһЩƾֲ飬ŵûһЩǮ
һ˶δϣһԽԽá
ҩʺϵļҲǴҲ֪״ʲôʱˣһֱҲǰ취
ĥͻһ𣬴󲿷ֵҶʶдҲܶ࣬Ŭһȡдеڼܿҽ顣һֱ鷳״ǡ
״ҲҪһѣҽݺܺãʺô׼ҲһΣӣҽݴһӶû£ϧŮӡ
ҲýĴ㣬Ÿ˵˵Լļƻ
ϱͲĹϣȻ֪ϹúܺãϾŮңܰġ
ͺã㲻뿪״˵ߵʱ֪𡣡
׼ҶһжǴԼŮˣҪ뿪ҲҪ״뿪
Щ֣Цеϣ֪״Ҳߡ


80»ҩ

ڶĹɾ˴Ѿڵ׼һЩ·ϳԡ
϶˼䣬ùϺúչԼϧ𣬹ű¨ǰ档
Ź˶ʼæµӵ˴вסϢôһҲʼڵҲڿ
ͷһһ߳ԣʱĻ˵⻰ҪǼ鷳ҪɫҲܲסǼңʱֲƾ˵ǵֳʲô۶
ǵ£ھۺǼңҪֲ֪ܶǮҩֳֵʲô¡
ͷһ۹ɣɫƽΪɵǰɵ͹ˣɵȥǾĻᱻ۸һˡ
֪ʲôǼ˻ô飬֪ôԲϺ͹ɣԲԼ
ɴӲһͷҲǣҾ͵ĵʱ̫̫ʲôӵʱ޼˵ˣôǵľͳɡ
Ůһһ˵ﻹû磬ҩſбȼչĺۼҽѾҵ׼ʰӡ
ʮûţ̨Ҳһҡ
׼չ˾ͱű¨ȥ˺ãȷ±¨ɾͰѶ˳ʣ¸ձ¨õңԵ㶫ͻȥɣҲˣøŰǰʰ
׼վһԿ³˷߰ɡ
һЦлл׹ӿﻹʣ˺ܶأһһ߳Ծˣ鷳ˡ
³ԷǲеģʲôҪʰǰҪһ㡣
ɲ͵ſڶ˼תʰǰá
׼һˮڵϣЩ⣺ﲻԷ
ôˣ³ԳԷҲûʲô
Ĩʼңǵʰǰأ׼˺ܶЩҪ򣬵̫ûȥ춼ˣ·Ҳȫ
ʱڱȽ磬ȷʺ³Էߡ
׼Ҳ޻˵żëһɨҳһߵôİ,꿪ô
һЦ鼫ãȥżңź֮⿪һұͱ磬˳ŸǼ˸һܡ
˵ĺܿأҲǶ˶ˣ࣬ÿҲܿģؼǼҲܹ̫̫Ӱ죬ĵġ
׼ĽͺĽ㣬Ҿûô궼˵ףҪȢϱ˵ףʵǷˣŪҽͷöġһֱͻС˵ôôˣ涼ûˣƾ־Ϳóһʲʣ֪һһӣ
Цɣϱ㣬Ҳüһ濴˫ĵһӡǡ
ɲ֪׼ôģͬ׼㣬Һ֮ǰҵ˵ˣҪȻҲøһ׷˵ס
ĵ׻еĽ׼ģϾ׼˵˵ĶǴ˼ҵС㣬ôҲŵԣأ˵׵Ļ治˵΢һ˼ңҲûˣ޹ȥҲ
׼˵Ļͬ΢΢ͷŵ˵ҲԣٵüһҪǵһۿȥͲϲǲҪһˡ
һӡҪһضˣĲü˵ס
׼̾һ޿ӣﲻҵ˵¿Իһѹ
ô죬Ҳβǡ
ͣеĻȰ˵ﲻҲΪãֻ뷨һѣ˵ҲСȷ˵һˡ
׼͵ȷ˵ˣµĴ඼£ȥߵ˶ᵣǡ
˵ײĵİ׼Σ˵ЩܲˣˣҾš
ȢһϲûŮӣǾԲܽܵġ
ǰ׼£Ҳ˼˵ʲô
ѵⶼʰһ飬ÿҩҲҩȥ׼ʳ
ɸ˰׼׼ӹϲ̵Ĵ򿪲һ߳һߵɺóԣʱɾͳˣҲ˺öأֲ˼Ǽ㡣
ζܺãˣôһȺ̹
ЦҪٸһЩȵҲԲˡ
ǼԵĶҲŲ˶ã¶ȵͿԷźܳһʱ䡣
׼Ȼԣ¾Ԥһɣڹĳԡ


81ı

ӹһұ֮ڴﾭָָ㡣
Ҫʲôоֻ˵رˬϴδڼ˰˼ͱˣ˵ʲôǻػص룬ȻԽԽ
˾Ǻܶ飬رǱһֱƲĹᣬؼһ˶ˣڴ˶ǵЦڿ
ĸоʲôԼĶˣ˳ű˻⣬֮˺ðɡ
ػصԺţ̫̫ߵķ
ͣһвػص߰۾ŪˣʲôһŲµʲôֻǲֱ˵ڡ
ͣɫܲãʼʲڴֲҹ鷳
ڱ˶أҪȥҹ鷳˲֪ˣûͻᱻΧſ֣Ӯ˲˵ʲôҪǴô죿ֱЦһΣʵǶ𰡡
ҸҲæ󴺺ʹ϶һʱŹһҡ
̫̫Ҳ̹һ£ڴ˺ܶǣȻ˲˴ҵЦ˭˭ж౯ߡ
Ҳ뱨𰡣ҲݺݵĴ棬ĵЩ飺˫ҲǸƲ磬첻ҪǸ鷳ġ
һ˫֣Сɽɫͱ࣬˺ü죬һ˫Ŀ־塣
Ҫȥ˫ǧҪ˵š
̫̫۵İοᣬᣬСɽûʲô°ɡ
СɽҡҡͷеҪȥ鷳ˣ˰ɣǺúõĹӣ˵ϱô
ʵǺˣһƽʱڴһ۸ˣ˭ֵܣɷ˫һܸУ˫°ڶûͱһ߷ˣ춼
Ŀ־ģ˵˫һܴܵĶӡ
ɽҲ׷ʲô͹ˣҪűˣǶˣ˵ϱˣ⼸Ҳϱ£ѵҪһӹ
Ȱ˵»˰ɣ˶Цǣʱ˴ҲЩģҪ׷˺òáʵҲˣ͹СɽǶ֡
Ȼ򲻹ﻹûȤȥڹǱߣԿĻԼǡ
ﻹǱһҲСɽ͹ɽ˵ĶǶԵġ

һֱû˵ͻȻһЦҹ鷳ǿҹɵ鷳ôǲ棬ȥҵֶ棬ҾͲ֪ǣϳȥһ٣ϼҲǺõġ
ҲЩܵίƽʱڴЩ˼˭ֺü䣬ֻҪһȥ˶˵ˣһ뿪Ȼһų
ʱԽԽӲùˣŪķҵҲţĲ˳ġ
̫̫۾һȴҲǸ취
ֻͬҪǲ˭֪ǡ
ҹҽݣָ͵أʱһƣ˯ỳǡ
ԽԽܶԹ־ͶԹɡ
˹ɹǿ϶ֻҪܿŭֺǡ
̫̫Ҫֶϳô죬Ҳỳɵͷϡ
ЦеģֶûǼңֶֻ˿ܵøһǮôû߶ˣʲôҲá
滹һ˿ʵǰ͸ͺˣֶֻҪһкð¡
̫̫Ҫɫ΢΢һ䣬е㲻ãѵͲܰһæֲʲô顣
ĵһ˿񣬶Թ̫̫ܲȴ˵ʲôһЦɲ˵Ϊ˽ʡÿҵĿⲻܶûи߶ˣҪֶæûһô˼ҲԸ⣬ҲֶһȥأⲻҲҪӡ
Ͳ̫ŲӳҪӹ̫̫ҪҲҪĻˡ
ԽҲٻһŰɣȵƼҪ̫źܡ
̫̫ûϵ΢΢һƷ˵еӿɲܸ̫࣬͸ֶ˵ʮǮֻǽѵһٹɾͺãֳ
ɽЩֹЩطǮ治ֵãʲôʱϱ
ڵǵֻϱʮǮأƽʱﶼ᲻ó⣬Ȼˡ
̫̫ϺԼȴ᣺ѾˣҪϱ׵£źˣһһƯϱ


82еϲ

״򵽰ʱֲųƺ֮ʱͶǰֻа׼ģܶʱѵĶˣڲ֪ΪΣͦϲȥߣ׼͹ڵһġ
һʶ⣬뵽ɻû˵װ׼Ҳû˵ףƺ΢һҪǰ׼͹ɳˣôԺɿſ꣬׼Ըѧϰҽ
Ǻϲɣǲ֪׼ϲϲʰ׼С
ϻؼң״̽Ե˵ƺԸͬ⡣
׼һǳ˵׵ԣǵûǿü̾ϢһôҲҪԼϲĲͬⰡҲҪһ˼ҹܾң˵ʲôǰܼ棬ܲһĨԼȢ˳ʲôӶ֪ɣҪǳ˷ǳ˹ڶˡ
һĨڵ˵ס
״ԭ׼ͬΪº͵ĶŰ׼һЦ㣬ҸʵҲԶԶ໥һۣ˫ȷģ
⻰֮ĿŰ׼Ҫ׼ķӦ
׼һ㶣ˣ˺ܺð
ĵ׻룬ҪȢ޾ҪȢֿ֣ϳԿ໹Т˳ҲѧƽԴЩżҩĲҲºͣûƲ˭
״׼ĻشﻶϲúܣҲ˲ҪǴԸⲻ
ԼҲŤŤģֱ׼뷨ò
׼ͷɬˣ֪ô˵ڣԸ⣬϶Ըģǲ֪Ըⲻ
״һ׼ɬģˣ׼ϲɵģһϦദ˴֮ҲദǢĽҲпԭ
ˬȰ˵ϲ˵ϲӺɷʲô˼˵ģҲͦϲɵģǲ֪һܹ̫ܲںŵˡ
׼Դϣģڰ״˵⻰֮ˡ
ǷϵҿǳɲˣҲ˵ɵ뷨ҪһŮһҲùһλұϲϹɣ˵䲻Ǽҡ
ʱ׾ѹһ뵽¾ͷĲѡ
״Ҳ˲ˣ̾ϢһǹҪǹˣҲܳɣǱ߻˵ֻҪúТ˳û⡣
׼ϲɣôһݸѹУһֱҿڣһϣҲһԣҪȥ̽һ׵Ŀڷ磿
һصң״Ͻӡ
ɫЩ԰ףԹ㼱ææİʲô
״еİϵǲ˺ܶࡣ
ϲ̥дģ˰׼͸أΪ˲Ӱϵ壬С¶˵㡣
ֿһⲡƾˣôҪһֱҵ壬ͳһѻ㻹û˵ҽʲô
׼Ȧĺܵ׵Ļشǰһ׼ȥǽ
״£ĸż򣺡ⲻǵĶӵĻôҵиʵѡ
һǹڰ׼ģŤͷͽŰ״򣺡˵˵Ǽҹ
Ϊ˰׼Ļģζ׼ס
״ϵĶ˾Ͳ⺢ӡ
״û˵ͱĴϣУԲУҳ˻ǵҺˣͲ˵ˣǼһһ׼ôɡһ˵
ܼ״Ͻϵһݹȥȿˮ˳˳ⲻô𼤶Ҫ
Ϻһڲ裬ĵ⣬ʱҾ˰׼ѾͷĻģԽԽǹӽǼҺҪ޵ǼңԲʮǼǺõģҪһõô̴졣
˲ԹɵĺøжȱΪˣ֮ǰѾͷȻФӡ
״Щѽⲻڸô˼ѹûǸ˼ǿ׼ͦϵѾͷ̤ʵҲ飬ⲻǼҲС˼ôҲ˵ɣ˼ҪŮģӦ˼һһӦء
⻰ͱѣ˲վ˵⻰ʲô˼ѵ˵ѾͷҶӲɣǸ۸ߵѾͷ
״ԼԴͷö㿴ˣ¸һϵûû˵ϲǶӣҲû˵ƲǶӣ¾ҵ˼ҾѪһ䣬㿴ּˡ
صһӣô뷨Щ˵׼ҾԲͬ͹һġ


83ʯ

״ĵ̾Ϣһһعûôù
׼еܣϲɣȴֲʧǵĻصԼķУ˶ˡ
״òװϣ׼ǰţð׼Ŵţ׼ɫܲãЩ԰ף˫ʧǵģð״̾ϢĻˣ¾˰ɣȻҲϲɣ岻á
ֻźȫϺ͹ѡĻ϶ѡǰߣȻϵɲ֪ЩԺദ̫Ρ
׼Тӣѹȴֻǿţ֪˵
˵͹ţ֪ܲΪʲô
ϲ֪Щǰ׼뷨Ӱ״һ߾ôù뿪
ùڵϣķʲôƿص£˶ͣվ׵ġ
ʱù뿪ˡ
ڶհ׼ͷɥҩã״֪׼Ϊʲôֻһֱ̾Ϣȴ֪ôο
ɺܵǵĿŰ׼һλΪʲô¡
׼ôˣôһֱֱ飿ܵǵʵ
׼˫Ŀһ۹ɣʹԴ
һٶùЩˣǷʲô𣿡
״һԽΧ鲻ãˣ׼͸ȥһ¡
׼е㲻֪ôԹɣܲڵò
Ǻõ˵ֳŹǿһЦû¡
ô׼ûµӣȥҲá
㰲ģúõѧҽȡʦĹ׼
׼е㷳ƣɵʱ˵ܣΪʲôôŵԣɼôˣһŮôˣѵ޳ȥŮТ˳ˣЩֻУΪ׵Ҳ˵
״Ű׼ˣĲ˾Զĵطֻʣ¹һЩ
һ鿴ţǸϼҩҲ٣ϵֻ϶ܿ˲ĻƧģ϶ʶ
дһĥԼһ飬Ȼϰһд֡
ٽ磬׼ȥ׼緹ȴλӣ˵ԼĪʮңɫЩơ
ôѧ˲ԹɫһλӾ;˲ʲôƲ硣
վڹ̨ܹɺܾĿˣλƲǼҩ
Ϊ׵ӳüӰȥһ˫۾ͣתţһǸദģ˿ߵ˹̨ǰ档
һڹ̨ϣɷʵƹء
΢΢üǲϲӵ
ƹڣǼҩƲƲһϲΪ˲ìܿ
ΪӲͷĶŹɵǲӭǰھҪƲϽȥǵĴ
ӱϵֶʯ˵͵ĳҵʱӦģһ뵽ʮǮϾƹһƣҲˬĴӦˡ
ʯһȫСѾͷʰѹͲʮǮϵģڹǰүǿ㲻ˬ
վʯЩļһ뵽ϾƹݵľƾͣʯϻʲôһǾͽˡ
һ⻰̾裬̨СǮһٽѵ鷳ģ
ɫһʵ˭ģ컯֮
򶨣ʵܺ£Է˻ӰֻһҪ練ƣҪôԾȡ
ʯŹɳһЦ϶İʵҲԲᣬһǮǣ¾ˡ
ЩңҪ϶Ҫܾ룬ǾͲ¹ٲ
ٽ磬ϸͿӰҲ֪ڵ̻᲻ΨһֻܾԼ
е
һĲ۸ˣһҲҪ
ϱӵһĻĻǰ֣ڱصõĿʱٵİѽ̨С˩ϣŴɱˡ
һߴ󺰣תԺȥ
ʯѹû뵽£ôɾˡ
Ÿʲôץ˰ʯ˴һ־ͰСŵŴ򿪡
СűӻΪǲÿ̨Ͱ˸ߣͷһվ׵İŴ򿪡
룬˺ԺС


84³

һзڵʯ֮䣬ɲߵѲ˵У˾ͳ˺Ժ
վſںĿˣϽ
Ų˵Щкܺ£˳ǸʱҪò˵ô
ʯûϵɻõ
Сӻͦҵģүϲ椣ҾͲõˡʯ̽Ե˵
ˣ͸żᶨбһԣвΣ̫үֲɵӣȻ·ǹϡ
е㵣ĵĳ˳ʯ䣬ѾͷָõˣǾʮǮѣҪԼ಻㡣ǲɾ֮ǰҲû뵽ɵңеùˡ
ʯͷһѵǵͻˣȥԺ˭ǡ
ǾթһǮҪ֪ǱһСѾͷŵˣʲôط顣
ѾʮǮˣ⡣
ʯһѵˣվںҲǣҲǡ
˵ĶԻһɺǾʮǮֵôҪ˻˹ٲǸھͳȥ¾͵ΪֹҲ˵ǲ˵Ҳû֪ҲԻȥ˵ҡ
ʯԼвˣɵɫԽԽƣĵδЩˡ
Ǵ󲻴⣬ܲҾɣôҲ߳жȻһλŮ֣˳ȥǸλǿ׳ûһʤ㣬ԿҪǶԷһ嶯ɱô죿ػһôûﻹôź
ʯǳת˵ңӸˣҾͲŰ״¡
ϵ뷨һٹɣȻð״߹ɡ
һٹе㲻ʵ˼еأҪǿʮǮɲˣҪСһҽݣ״᲻æλһ¡
ӿ϶Ҫһģػصİ취ǿ˵̡
ͬʯĻһλӳ嵽ǰþͿʼ䵹װҩĵĳһ˳
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Ų˵嵽ǰãʯǰҩ˺ܶڵϣҩ߰ɢһء
סס֡ŭһȣŵ
ŵۼֿŹ̨棬µĳŹɵӡ
ɹ˲ôֳ࣬ʯһλӡ
춯ھ˸ڵ̵ϡ
ϹһǻˣȻҰ״ӣŵ׷ˡ
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֪ɼҵϹϰ֮һڹչ쾡£Źɵĺ󱳰ο޲ޣȥ١
ӺھΣǣҽݣЩǳģҪһٵģȥ˵ҲҸƴҽҡ
龭ŭվЩʵ̫֣ȥҹٲ
һ֪Լ˭ԷȻô
ϸĻƽ䣬õĻտŹɣȥҹٲ·ƹݵʱͻȻͣ£µ˾Ȼ˾ƹݣ¥ݣߵ̨ϳƹ¥ʶ
ƹƹɻĿϵôˣƽʱҪûʲôϻϲӻ̣Ȼ˭ֻ֤ʲô·
Щļ˵ʶǲʶɡ
ʶҴʯ
õ֣Ц뿪¾ƹƹһ¡
Ϻܿٲٲһƹѯʣ֪˻¥ȥˡ
ںȾƵʯ˻֪ʲôͱѺ
ٲǮ˾ƹƹ֮󣬱뿪
ﵣǹɣææĻȥѾʰ̣ɰ״Ͱ׼ˡ
һƬǽ壬һֱš
ôˣ״ĵʵ
׼ϽߵߣǵĿŹɡ
ھεĿˣǸԲ𣬶Բ𣬶ҡ


85׷

״ĵĲǵ̵ǹôˡ
Ǵɤţæ͵µѾץˣҲ֪˱ɵģҺɷ˰ҩϣʵǿɶ񡣡
ɲ۽ǵˮֻ֪һ˽ʲôʯ˻ʮǮ¡
Ҫǰץסð״ʧ
׼۵Ĺɼ򣺡û¾ͺá
Һùûʲô£Ҫǳ¿ɲֻܸʧһƲЩҲ̫һ㣬ץһҪطûһ𱸹ɵ˼
ͻȻЦˣѾץˣҪ˵¡Űôˣȥٰץ˵һ顣
ֻ˵ûӣ˻¾ȻϳԾơ
ʵʯ˶ˣټǳҩõʱ򿴵٣뵽ҩþ͹һ˿϶ұ٣ö֮ƹݺȾƣ˭֪ôɺϱϿˡ
һмĿϵлллӡҺϰæҲҺ˶ץסˣ΢İһ㡣
׼һ˱ץסˣݺݵĵȥšҪ˭µģôԹɱҪΣųԺŹһڵôġ
СسǱȽԶҲйٲפƽʱʮʲô˵Ҳٲ֤ˣ״λٲҲȽϤϸٲ˵֮󣬹ٲȵ״£ûùɵһʱȥš
׼˺񣬾Ȼǲڵʱ£ҺùûңԲ׷Źˡ
ָʹµʵ̫ƽΪ˺ƣҩ˶ϲԲΪҩˣɵĳֻǼˡ׼ķѾ˼·
ƽʱɻԼ˵Ժɵĳ˭˭ֻʮǮһԤоһҡ
״򶨵Һȥţ׼ҩһ£õֲȫɡ
׼ȥ״򾯸ֻա
οѾץˣŹٲǻ˭Ļʹ̫⣬ֻʧһЩֵǮҩݱġ
һҩݶ㣬ƽʱõҩݴ಻ǺܹأҲ˳ֵλá
ʯǸƻ϶˳ֵϵҩݶһЩֵǮģҵǹû£ҲӦüڵ̵ģɾͲܵˡ
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ٲѾˣʯƽʱͦţԹٲʱ˲ˣʵʵİ龭һ顣
ȵ״Źŵʱ򣬹ٲѾеһж˽ˡ
״ʮҲǵ¸صˣƽﾭңٲҲ˰״ĶݣԼ״ŹʱͰһж˵ˡ
״꣬дŷŭȻǹǼˣԸ˹Ըɣһʲô⡣
ҲΪλٲϳͰȺ˰ҩõҩݶˣЩҩݻһͷֲʧ˲ӣЩʧҲ⡣
ʯأҪǮɵˣƽʱҩüҩҲʮǮһǴ˶ҩ
һͿ£úöӰɣϰǺˡ
Ż˸ϽЩϽģĻʹǮ⡣
ٲۿˣԼûԴ˼ҽҩǾңѵͲ
ٲûøУر𿴼Ѿͷľģƽʱ·ҩҲΣ˺ܲ˾Ȼ˼С֣ҺС˻֪
ʯڵĺܣǮûеİƽﶼֻ۸ڶթһңڣѹûǮٲҲǱ˹ƻİ˵ܳʲôе
ʱʯҲǲùˣʲôЦ˺
״۹ɣ˿϶ԸŹˣүϣɴ˭˭Ϊ˺ƣҲҺý¸ңҪȻ롣
Ҳǹٲ룬ȷҪǹ¸֪Ų˵ϣ޶ֻ¹ɵҲͻˡ
һҲǻ˼һӣٲɫ˹
ſˣԹʯ㣬ǹùѹͲǶȻΣյ£ָƺõġ
Ϊ·ʯ˵˸ùùϵǺܺãȻϵ˵ǰ


86ɵ

ʯķңԽԽԹϣǲǹģô궼û߶ͻȻ߶ֳЩ£оˡ
ٲǿɹܲôֱ࣬Ӱ˸Ѻȥ
ɺܸмλٲҲѷ鶼˵һ顣
ȻٲͰ״ȥǵȥץ
Щϲ֪ʱ򣬴һȺٲžȫˡ
ٲȥ˹ң˵һ顣
ʵĹЩ飬ţ̫ˡ
û뵽û뵽ǳȻȥҹɵ鷳ʵ̫޳ˡ
ٲǰģŮû£һ㾪ţ˵һǲҪ
ϺܵǣҲ֪ɼȻйٲ˵ˣҲ˵ûʲô¡
ٲиҪ飬Ҳôǻȥץϣǡ
ں˹һˣǰôϹ۾Ȼùһ˺ء
ٲһֱϼߣ˽ͷӶܺ淢ʲô¡
ֺ̫̫ΪʲôֿԿһͿٲ˹˶
ٲƣϼˡ
̫̫ľĵͷɻĿŹٲǳʲô𣿡
ٲһ׽ϵģָʹʯ˰ҽݣǷץ
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¿϶ܳϣǲŪˣϱô¡
ٲƺһʲôطǲŪȥž֪ˡ
ϱڷչ˹ĳһ߳͵ô¡
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ϱٲץס˶ˣûŪôأȻץˣǸץҰƾʲôץҰҾʲô¡
ٲΪʲôץԼûôʯʲôˡ
һ˶ˣʲôʯʲôˣҲ˵Ǽ¶ˡ
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ף˶ˣ̫̫ʲôʱô˵ˣǮŰ
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ٲڰ״˽һЩ£֪һ˶ʲôɫ΢˰ҽǮȷˣϾȻָʹŹɣҲҺù¸Ҵûбʯ˵óѣϵֶζӱϳ͡
˶ˣŹɣ̫Ҫ˰ɣȻԹ֡
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ĺҪ壬λץסҲ´嶯ץסȻʱ뱨
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ҲָŹ̫̫ϵʵ̫ˣ˹Ҵ
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˭ץ߰ɽŭҲǰվŵǹٲ
ƽʱȻҲ˵ȥ˹ٸ˶һƤɲȥٸ
Ϊ׹ٲɫ䣬ѹûаѹɽУҪץСӱ£ҪȻһץ
ɽȫҪҪŹٲͽ״ǶӣǾȻץ
СѹֵùٲһˣٲȻôԶץˣûôô״ԹǸС˺ã϶ǰ״˹ٲôԹٲץ˵ġ
ԽԽôһ£ɫҲԽԽ
ٲܲмҪ˼Һô£Ϊ͢õǳ͢ٺ»Ҫ˺ô£Ȼҵﳯ͢٣ôĵӣץһѺȥ
̫̫ɵˣʲôһԲϾҪˣϱֻ¶ӣԼĹǱɲܱ˴߰
̵ǰ棬ЩǲҪӰӾǺ˵˵ġ


87˰

̫̫ǽһڣ֪סɽھɽҲҪߣҪȥϰô졣
ٲŲô࣬ղŵžɼǵá
ǲг־֣ߴߡٲͷĳŹɽ˵š
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ȻôˣٲǶʱˣһٲһѺϣ˿ٵƷɽʲôЦҪùɽɹǲҪӰ
ɽĿס˫֣һԵĹСɽҳǣԼ
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Ҳ̲סЦˡ
״ƷҪ˵˼ҵѵ˼׷ΣɽɣһȻ벻͸ĳЦš
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ʱĳץסĹɽϣЦţүһɺã
ٲЦţĿŹȻ˵ļˣȥŰɣõʱ˵˽
˵ֱӴ뿪
ѾˣΪٲ׼˻ѡ
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ϵĹɣȻٲѾ˵û£ܾòҲһ
ҲȥӴ˾ȥ˺üƺƵһȺǰ
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һλٲһ⻰ֺˡ
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ϲٲ˼ãȻĿŹٲ
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Ҳеû뵽һϾȻҪ⳥ôӣôеء
·;ϳĬˣڹɽʱĸŹٲţӶ˰֮ǰж¶ȥŻᱻЦһӵġ
Ѿٽҹ
Ϻ͹ŴţԼϽҩãҲ˺üλҲ˽ȥٲ˻š
ɰ˶뵽˺ԺȼһЪϢĵطûУҲֻܽһϣһȺһ˵˵ЦЦʱҲ졣
ŴôԶ·Ҳˣȥ׼һЩʳҷȥ
Ⱥϡͷ˶ԹɵĺøֱථµĹﰡϾȻʵ̫ˡ
׼Ͱ״ˣһžͼԺһȺˣɲ˼ĽͣûطȥͰˡ
״ЦŹ΢΢ͷĺܶԡ
Ժȥ˴кϵʱھΣûչ˺ɣίˡ
ȷΣΨһҵǹû¡
Ϻܻ֣̿ŵ״ĪҪ˵һεҶǣʵǱǸǾȻҩʵǿɶ񡣡
״̾һȺڱѺҲӦã򷭵ҩˣһڴЩβ˵Ị̇ôʵۡ
ȻҲҩݣʱһֱ̾Ϣ
»һҹʹСϵ˴໥֮ʶһʣЩΪ򲻹˾Һӳһ󺰱޳ܣɵԵҲһҪĻʹ֮ˣһȥ֡
˺͹ľȥˣǴµĹؼȻҪٲʻء
ѺڴϺ͹ɽܣСηʱģѹֿѺһη˹Ѻһ𣬶ʯ˺͸Ϻ͹ɽٲõá衣


88

ηǰѺķ˴󲢲й洦ŷţҲ²ݶѳģ˺ܶ࣬ȵһѾɺԵʺηʭر࣬Ȼӹû㲻ģܹĿ࣬һ಻ԡ
ʯҲǳ˿ģرһϼƶǱϸˣáٲ˵ġ
ϹڵȫţһƬ
һ̯ˣŵĹٲҲὲʲô档
ٲҪĿľǵ⣬ҲǱŵĿģһѯʣʯһһʮ˵
Ϲڵϻ
ǴҪ׷ξˣڵǵӻڴľȫ䣬ֵطһ̶ĥ
˳״ҩݰᵽ˴ãʧҲһٶǮֻܴӦǮ
ʯû˺ٲ˵ģһʮˡ
ҪѺգɽҲ˰ӡ
һ˶ýʲôɻ
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ٲԹ̫̫ܲŹ̫̫˻ȥǲϾ͵һֱѺ
ˣϻиģԼӱһֱѺôɣɲа
вɲ㣬ͷˣӾ͵һֱѺεķɲóԡٲɫЩڡ
޿κΣô죬ֻӣĿŹ̫̫
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Ǯ
óǮľǱһܣӰǰԸɽȢϱˡ
ھֱóȥ˰ϱǱҲû̸ãԷҪӣ⳥ӳȥҪ̸ϱļǮòӡ
֮ȥ˴Ρ
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ϱﲻ̧ͷŹ̫̫㲻ͬˣھֻ֪ңֻһô
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߹Źֿʭö࣬һҪ취ҳȥһ̶Ǳȥҹ鷳ˣǿ͸ˣǼйҪ鷳ԿҲǣʵǲ㰡
һε֪һҲǰˣǰǷԺ۸ڲһһҲǷ˳ɶ˰״֦Ͳܹġ
ʱ˶ӳȥӯǮֱˡ
ﻹǲ鷳ôɣǼϳ˶ĿЩһҪһ
ϸϽҡͷ㻹ʲôÿһ鷳ǳԿҵģڹһҲǰˣԺӣ໥鷳Ҳð
һ뵽ʯץľͺ£Ȼ˰æĶǡ
Ժ󻹵øȢϱء˵š
ﲻζҧʲȥ
Ͻס֣ʲȥҲҪ£Ӧû鷳㲻øǺɫ


89»

ʯ˵һβ˵
һ뵽Ҫʯ²ôֳЩ£˵ǣɵ½ǶûҵģҿûңҪ鷳Ҫӡ
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׼һ԰æ״Ҫùҩݡ
״˵˵̷ڵţɾǸ£Ҳ˵׼͹֮һ˻վ飬˵Ҳڣ˺ܶ˵ɺͰ׼֮䡣
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һҩþͼ׼͹˵Цһ״ڿ飬̧ͷͼϣ΢΢üôˣ䲻ǽڼô
ЩãЩôڼ㶼ʵ顣
ʲôõĵģ˵û¡״ֲõԤС
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Ϊ˱˭ѹ֪飬ϲȫһԸ
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һεھΣȷΪǣ˰ҽݣ΢΢Ǹұ֤Ժ󲻻¡
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ֲ֪ôڣƺԹԺء
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㻹ǻؼҰɡֺõ˵š
ĿĿŹɵ֪ôˣ
ЩĿϣҡҡͷʲôôˡ
ϱҲҩȥˣʰʰȥɡ
ʲôһ˲ˣҪߣҪ뿪Ǹġ
˵ϲ᲻״˺ܺã׼ҲܺãѧܶණϧҲܸм״ߣôҲ᲻ð
Ͻ벻Ҫҡ
һΪʯˣԲٴη
״ܲãҩõܣϽؼȥ͸
ϸǻôǷ޶ûվȻΪ˹ɺ
Ϊ˹ɸҷ𡣡ָŰ״ŭҿ
״Ͱ׼Ͻǰ״˺ࣺܶⲻǲȡôûʲô£ɰ
վһе޴룬Ҳ벻ΪʲôҪҩһֱڿҿҵ£͵ˣŬԼúܺãܹ¡
׼ˣЩɶ֪ΪʲôҪ
ɣɰ׼֪϶԰׼ΪȴܶԹʩѹҵ˾͵ˣֲɡ
ƺһ㣬ҪҾߡ


90߰

⻰ˣ״Ͱ׼ж۰֪ģҪˣиʲôô죬һ
ҲΪѣڷɿŽ취ڣ˾ǰһŰ״Ͱ׼񣺡ǣҽݣ˵Ķԣһָᱨңҩ̣˵ͻŻҩ̣˵ͻ״ʱллλշʰʰ뿪
ܱˣһжô᲻á
׼ͻȻһۣߡ
˵ϣ˵仰
һΪҩúãҲΪáһҧ˵ģ׼ǰɲΪھȻΪ˹˵ûѾͷӣ֪ӳʲôҩ
׼ͻȻŭΪҺãҪ˵ҲòŶһѹûΪҪ뿪㲻ҪҳôϽȥ˵һסôͱôȡˣɶܺߣھȻҪ߹ɣϵԸ
״мΪѣΪ飬ɴŭ̾Ϣһ
׼Ǹһʲô϶һѡϡ
׼ͷھεĿŹɣ¹ɣҲ֪ѡ
ʲôƢȻô߹ɣôԺҲԸ鷳οܱ֤һֱڹߣҵô죬Ѿ
ɿ׼ܣܸܵΣ˵ĲΣѧĶҶѧˣʱ뿪ˣԺʲôɲҰҪòãΪãѡһźʵ£Ҳóɼˡ
ЩֻһܾùǸа塣
˾ֵģһһܶԷʲôǴģֻҪһϲԷһΪֹŵ㣬˿̵ϱǰɾúܺãԹɵоͬ飬Ϊ׼ԭôߡ
ϵֻ¶úܣǰһ񣬻лл˺Ͱ״չˣǵĴɻĵġ
Ƿĵĸм˵״Щܹıһ
ϻûɫȴûмͱˣֱ뿪
ֻʣˣ׼ܾĵߣϻȥȰһȰ
ȴ˾лл׼ȷҸ뿪ˣѧҶѧˣԺúտ֪֪ĻҲҪĵĶ
׼ܣһ뵽뿪ۣȥȰһȰòáΨһϣ
״̾һȴû˵
׼ΪˣûҩʵģұϾŮӣͷ¶Ҳ࣬һָһԸŵķأҪǣѧҩҶѧˣȥҲҩҲ˵ҲǲˣһþҩءЦŽͣð׼ĵ׵Ĳᡣ
״һ̾ڵܷģûôĹڰǰ̫ϾˣܾöԲɣ岻ãСµĲ˰׼һͻȥԸͣллɡ
֪ôѵ뿪ȫΪһҲôһ˫۾У͸ŵŨŨá
Ҫ˵ãҲ᲻ù뿪ѡһĻҲֻѡϡ
ڰ״ҪȥûоܾȥҪúܶ࣬ٵﲻҲ롣
лл״򡣡
תȥʰ׼ĵҪȥԺȴ״ֹ
úÿꡣ״˵ţŹɽݡ
˭ףӦϴյʻ˶ߣո߹ҲǼƻ˵İɣڹ˿档
׼Ҫȥһɣ״ȴѹѵĿģҪԺ󶼼ɣھͳȥ㻹ᣬЩ顭
֪ô˵ˣҪǹҲϲ׼ǸִҲԸ⣬ܿɲϲԼɵӣôʲô˼
׼һĴܸУΪʲôҪѵΪɼôǼҲԣʲôطȥԽԽףŵԾôҪҪȫɵĺô
״΢΢ҡͷµΪֹɻؼһίˡ
˹ãϵĿ˶֪ʱ߹Ǹһѿ


91»ؼ

Ҳ᲻߹ɣǰҲֻίˡ
׼ջ侲ϸƷζĻ
С
ʰԼѣʵҲûʲôʰģ٣Ψһľǻϴѡ
˽ݣҵӲᣬͷһȴһεİ״
лл״չˡĺܸмûһԹ״˼
ҽѧĶʮĻ࣬׼Ͱ״ܺãϵľٶҲ⣬˭ԼȢһŵԵĴҹ㣬ԩ
һֱѰ׼ɸ磬ϵ̬ܵûô򵥡
ù뿪״򿴹ɵҲöȥʲôҪֻҡ
΢΢ͷͷȴһĨɬ֪ԼǱǸˣջǻܵİɡ
״룬ǿһĨЦݵԺ¿϶Ҫģ֪Ҫ鷳ٴأҼֲҩˡ
ԺͰ׼򽻵ĻỹúܣҪ԰׼ʲôǷ֮룬ҲǷġ
״ͻȻ֪˵ʲôˣ̾Ϣһת뿪
׼Ҫȥɱ״ֹ
ڶһ磬״Ͱ׼˵̡
׼ɫǺܺãʹԴģڼҸ׳һܣﻹǲڵϣһһûϢá
״׼õǮ˹ɡ
ɽӹǮЩ£ڲûжʱ䣬㹤ǮҲû١
ʯҩãǮûҪˣ״ʹãһθ˺ܶ鷳ʵǱǸҲҪǮһ֪Ǯܶࡣ
վ͸ܵ״Σµľǰ״ֲ
״ɫЩΣûб˼
֪״һεεúܣΪҵԵܵǣһֱ뿪ûйǵ˼ʵҪ뿪ڲѡɺϵİο״
״ܲԸİǮ׼ȼǡ
׼᲻ÿŹ뿪̧ͷŹɵԺô
£¹ˣȻҲˡ
ͷЦеĿŰ׼㰡ʱҾͻ㣬㰲ĸѧҽʱˡ
״򲻷ĹɣұҪȥ
ɻð״Ҫ׼ȴˣôԶһؼôģôҲҵȥŷʯ£·Ҫʲôô졣
״Ҳܼ֣һҪȥģҺھΣһҪ˵֪ԿηЩһӣŷ£Ҫǲ˵ܶ˻ģ˵Ļ϶Ӱɡ
գ״Źһ˴ӡ
״͹һڴڣкܶ˿ˡ
һʮһ˶֪ˣղŷ£۵ȻûɢȥأɱŰ״ͻһˡ
ʰӣһŽ滹Ű״͵ˡ
ôˣɫǺܺãͻȻֲõԤС
״߽Ժ⻰ˣǸҶԲɰ
ʱҲгȵĿŰ״
ѾЩΧդ濴֣һ״ĻŪͿˣ״ôһ˵ԲɣѲɷʲôˡ
ɼˣŽŵ״ɲҪ˵ҩ鷳ô£ҪշǼֻ²֪ʲôˣҵĶˣҲȫ˵Ķˡ
Ȼ֪ʲô£˵Ļͬģ״˵ɷһˣʲôǽ˵
״ͷϺ͹ݣһӰ״Ϳʼ߶߶¶ӣҶ˼ǿڡ
΢΢̾ϢãһôҲðѹ£ϧ岻ã̡
Ϻ͹Ķ˶ûŪʲô£΢΢ü֪ʲô¡
״ҡͷЩݡ
Ȼ᲻ãҲ֪Ⲣǰ״Ͱ׼ı⣬ΪҲͦΪѣɰ״򵱳˺ĳΪҲͦⲻȥġ
ﻹ˵ɣӲҼҩá˵̾ϢһҺͰ׼ϦദЩã˻ᣬᵢ׼˵ףһε̵顣û˵ʵȽϺá
·ϰ״˵ʵҪֻ˵Ϊ̱Ҷ뿪Źϻġ
⻰ĬˣʵҲǹһȥϰɵʱ׼ɵͲԾ


92²¼

ΪȻʲô˼ͦ³ʲô£ɲûб뷨Ű
û뵽ջΪ׼ˣҲܺãһǱͲģڻǸãԺͲÿ쵣¡
ڻȥܳԱů͹ˣԺһֻ׬Ǯʲôá
ңѾһЩлȻۣܿЩ䣬Ȼûʲôû
ڹܻؼ￪İ
״ܳϿҵ״ĲΣһ̫ݣкӵˣر˵뷨ʵҲĹɺͰ׹ӣǼ䲻ϰ׹ӡ
Ŀ϶ҪΪԼŮģЩ¾ûҲܶ롣
״Σ˵䲻ϵ⻰ͬɱ˵䲻ĻǸùˡҵϣɺͰ׼ܳɡ˵źĿһ۹ɡ
ǷĵϲɣϧһضȻ
е𾪣Щ״ɴû˵˵Ѳɰ״ǰ׼ϲ
ֻҲûô򵥣Ϻ̣ͻȻΪе˵ͨǺʲô
Ѳɰ׼Ͱ״ȥ˵Щ£ǹģȻ֪˰׼˼һҪһŵԵϱ϶ǿġ
˽ʯµ£뿪
˿һЩɵҲ⿪акգ԰׼ֻ֮飬ûһŮ֮ĸ飬Ҫһ϶üҩã׼ҪǱ¶ϲô죿
״Ͱ׼ܺã״ǶɽǸʱǾܾǽܣ
뿪ҩõʱܺʣ׼ϲʱ䲻Ҳı䵭ʱ϶׼˵ףָ׼ʲôʱͳˡ
һ״ʱܳϿң״ɲҪھˣȥҶ޵ˣ׼ҶܺãҺͰ׼ֻ֮֮顣
״һ֮ǰҾ͵԰׼ûŮ֮飬뿪ĺЩ
ϽʱЦԱüģ״ѵǼһˣϽȥ׼Ұζ
˵Ҳʼ׼޷ˣôԶԷɲߡ
״ʱٲȥˣƴǣ鷳ˣʱҵȻȥˣ׼ڵϵء
ߵſڵĹЦĵ״ǣȻȥһҪԷ
ԺվԶԶֵЩŪзʲôôһϲЦտĴг޷ˡ
ҿ״Ҳܿģ϶Цݡ
ʲôͷںö˵һֱص
׼æ״һЩ۽׼ȥڴҡ
ΧԺƼɳ̲סˡ
Ӻǰôͻˣ
Ҳһ⣺㲻ڰ״ﵱѧͽôôˡ
һε񣬹ﲻ֪ЩʲôҪϢÿЦôɷܵѧ˰ϵһ֣ҾüڵϱȽΣգҪϳ벻׼ô죬ؼرȽϺЩ
Щ·õĻش𣬹˵Ҳ˳ڡ
ɻ͸ŲţΪɶһ
ɣΪϵǣ˹ɣ״򲻸Ҽùˡ
ЦúȻҵʰ鰡ҩ֮ǰܶ¶ڸҪ뿪Ҳð齻ǣⲻ״һ˻ؼΣգһء
жᣬϱȥ֮󣬴Ȼкܶ˵Ļ˶ΪʲôһֱŲţ۸ʱ򣬴Ҳ˵ȴû˿ϰ
ȻػһΣΪԲһкβɡ
ӻ⣬ȴεһȥҴæأʲôʵʱҼɺã
˵ˣλΧŵĸȻ˼Ƥš
ɿٵ뿪ȥ˴ң봺󴺹æ
Ϻʹ˶
Ѿںӣһɰ룬õĻķӺ;ƱҲڷźá
󴺺͹кŰ״ºȾơ
״ҲѣеҲ⿪ˣԺǲһ߶ˣֲĵطܶࡣ
ǹڹģԼľζܸʴ


93

״һȾƾͷһԷȾֱӵʱ֣󴺲ûȴѾЩ΢
һҶ״Ϣ״ֵûȥⲻֻ͡
ӵɢȥҲЩԡ
ʱˡ
Ϻ͹п𣬹Ѿ˯š
һӾ͵ǵЩǶرǹ̫̫˵Щ̫ˡ
һ뵽Щģһ̫̫
ʼϾûдЩˣԺӶûȻ֪ЩʲôɻĿŴ澿˵ʲôˣ
һԵĹҲһ棬֪˻˵׼Ҫ˵ʲô
һ۹ɣɺƽࣺǹ̫̫˵Щڿ໰ǲ֪Щж˰
һɲ񣬵Ҫ˵ʲôûǲ֣ڿĻ˵ôҲ
Թ̫̫˽úܣһʯ鷳ĿĲҪ״߹ô
ɻؼң̫̫϶ԼӮˡ
̾һûҾͰˣһ̫ˣ˵ʲôһôΪԼҵ˿ɽڿɽûˣ˵һҵɪˡ
Щ˭ﶼ̹һֱϲ̫̫ΪˣرǶԴһң̫̫䡣
ɸһ裬οӱ㿴ҲûʲôӵǲǺ˽ôӰ״ѧ˺ܶණ뿪ҩҲΪϵ£һûôã뿪ҩʵΪ׼׷ΪҸ׼֮и顣
˵ĺΰ׼ʲôûУỹΪԼ߱⣬ġ
ҪǣóееһУճΪһ˵ʵµûš
ϽŵҲˣʵ˵˰ɣɱͻΪϵԭһ˻飬ҪŵԵŮӣǼҸʲϡ
ܾȣкܶ¼ɣû뵽
ͻȻǿɱͿ˵ȥЩҪһ֪ôأЩʲôС˼
ʵ鵱Ȼ˵·ϹɺͰ״Բô֪ʵ
Ͱ׼ûʲôģʱЩҥ֪ʲô
ػһĹɵǺЩЩӰ顣
˼ȥվǵ͵һãʵԭЩ֪
΢΢һЦ㰲Ĳ˵ģҲ͸һˣʵɻòҲ֪һֱһ棬ڻҲࡣ
󴺻ʱѾǺҹһЩꤡ
뵽㣬ǰ׼˳ʳô˻ȥ
ڶĹɾ˴
ûȥҩ֮ǰڼҵʱһϺ͹ȥҩ֮ϰߣҪ컹û𴲣Ȼ׼ʳſš
ڻؼҵһûϰ߹컹û˴Ȼȥ
Ժ洫ưײ̾ѹ
ѾѹĹ۵ôˣ
⿴һۣˣѾͷ֪ϢϢ
µȻã᲻ùȥ
ȴֱ۴ϵϣ˯ᣬҪТ㻹Т˳ǻûôԹķء
˵ȴ̵ģһ뵽ŮܸɵȻġ
е㲻ĵ˯£ԼĪһӣɽӵˣȻ˷Ǿȥ淭
ǿˣڵϹ֣ȵƾʱֲԣҲţʱǡúʣᵢ˼顣
һ̲סˣҪȥô
վݵſڣ΢΢ͷᶨҪȥôˣ
úܼ򵥣ҪŬ᲻Ϻ͹࣬һ̵ڼ档
ԣҲøš
̴´ŹɵһѾںСˡ
֮ǰģĥŵһؼһжиõĿʼԾͰࡣ
СԼģʡ
л󼦵ƽ᲻ԡ
Ҳе᲻õģһ뵽ӻὥùһҲҪҲһҧˡ
ϴĿϵһУѾͷԼһ˰


94Ƽ

⻰ͦģﶼڼĺöڳԣڵļ
ǰ󼦵һ˳ԣã˵ǼõĶˡ
ѹеĸжЦеϵֱ۵ԺۼҪԺõĶһԣֲǺˣôʲôңУҪȥѺĵ·һҪء
е㲻֪˵ʲôˣŹѳƼϵļЦԺôôҼѾͷбµġ
ղڴһֱһ£Ժ󻹵ùѧƼҲǣϾǲܻһӡ
о仰ͬģˣʱѧųһƬˣȻùͻЩСȻгɳ뷨Ϊʲô֧һء
һӣҲÿŹɣ˳ǵ뷨ôĺһӡ
ȥ״ǹһеģȴܺãʶˣҹҩҲ˵ͷͷǵһҲùɻֹѪ
˵Щʱ˳źӵ뷨˳ţúֻ߹·һϣ·
˳źӵ뷨ָһ·ͨء
һ£׹˼ˣϲҪѧƼң
̧ͷĿŹɣԸ𣿡
ֱ۵ĹеûŪʲôôͻȻ˵Ƽҵˡ
ҪƼңһӦǣڿЦҿɲǿЦģ˼ǣǮϣܣԺĿ֧ʲôÿ֧ʲôÿ֧鶼ţʳסҪǮĶҪƻ
һֱõҺۣҴһظУĵее㺦£Լüҡ
ºһЦ͵ҲСˣʱѧƼˣҺǰڼǼҾһŮҪûҵʵ˼ңԺһŮҲá
Ҳ͵ͻСҲžͰ¶ˣҺ˼ٿǼ˵Ҳ˵ʲô˼ҡ
֮ǰ˵ЩϸˣȷǸͱ˿˼ҲҪŮ޳ȥÿҲ᲻á
˭ԼŮ޸˼ңһֱιܼ޸˼ңһʳǡ
ڼҲбͷˣ꿴ǺˣһŮҲǺõġ
ؼĻ׬Ǯﻹûйʳǵأ׸ʳҲˡ
ǿи˹һһ˷ٵʰ꣬ס
صĹ˴ţ͹ӱϡ
ϰǮϣ󵹳еǮ
ãȻĿϣҪʲô
ºһЦղŲ˵ҪѼҸܣǼеǮԺһж˰
ϲûжǮɿһһƾͼǮʵ̫Сˣȫûһӡ
ϻһʮǮǼȫҵʱһЩɽ׬һЩҲ֪ӺǼҾûǮˣҲõ
е㵣ĹɲʤΣҲסɡ
ȴɴ˿ЩܼȻܿ࣬ÿùžϸӣҲǿ˵ʱ򰡣ͺðˣøϺ͹
ѧһһζĽԼӲУҪסӻŬ׬ǮҲŻԽԽߡ
Ǯȫװ̧ͷЦϵﰲĺˣһᵱüҵģȥôƾƹʱͻûˣǵóʱãȵƾȥǾͿԽɽ
ֵǲһ˵ģҪ׬ǮŵһͶˡ
ҽҲûʲôɽӵģȥȥǵǮ
ѾǮôʱƾûһٶǮ֣ʳ붼򣬷ּҵʱָ̫̫Ǽҵĵغܲʳѹֲʲô
һǮʳʣµǮûҪ֧;Լһ룬Ҫü⣬ףƺңԶģֻҪϣͳɡ
ųͷһȥݺǰС֣ڿػǿӿݵģһֻǰ˳ѲݸյˣʣµĵֻǼ򵥵ķһ£һʯͷ˳ȥЩСʯͷڵ
ڷ͵ðЩСʯͷȥӵȻѵŪƽڹֲֵƾ
ĶҪǺܶʱ䣬ҪڻƾǰѵŪá


95ûȤ

˺ܶ඼֡
ʹһҪ£Ǵʱ෹̸ʡ
Ȼû˭˵ľٶ汲ڹӣͻȻ˵ֲ˭ţ
ԴҶϹڡ
˴뿴ЦϢȻûЦһƽ⡣
ɲϯôһأӼ˾ˣ̫̫ȻҲվڼ
ƣͻȻֺܲĸоЩЦҲ̫Ŀŵ˰ɣǰ
ͷһϣȴѹ͵ûˣͷԼ¡
ЦеĿŹɵҪ˵һҲǷ̫ˣضƶҪֳʵ̫ˣʵʵڼһأЩ˼ʲô
е㵣ģҪ˵һҪǳ׬Ǯˣۺ찡
˵ھ磬ùһҷá
ǹ̫̫˺þģΪľҪʹôؼҵģ״ڹҺ˺þõľƣ˻һȾƳ⣬˲²͸Ϊʲô
ⲻʱһҪһЦôˣڰ״ﲻѧúúõô
΢΢ü̧ͷЩʲô
ͦеģͻȻģڻǴĵ˲ô
û˵ȻϷ˵ʲô
ɫЩΣֻҪϹܿϵĲá
һڵⲻǺôǰҩúúõôôͻȻͻˡ
ϼĲͷܵѧ˿϶ûҲΪȥҩȥѧģʶֲ˵ʶܶҩݣȥѧĿİѲɻҩһӡ
ﲻ֪˵Сžţʵ˼ԽԽã˵˾ۺ첡
ɸŰ״ȥϣܶж̹ʱʱĶѹɺԼҺӱһ£˭Լҵĺõġ
ӶԹɵûʲôɼ˼һСͦ׵ģôµĺҲңĵ⵹ҲǣɸŰ״Ϊȥѧϰʶҩģѧ˿϶ûһҲࡣ
Ʋ״ԵúãֲǺжࡣ
ôõȻ˵࣡Ҫǵ״ӾͺˣߴŮҲ԰
ӻͷһ۹ôˣΪ˼¿ô˵ɻƽҩ
̫̫ȴֻ˸ϻİɡ
ɲʲôѧɹ϶ǹ˼˼Ҹϻġ
ֺˣȻи˼뿪Ҳģ̫̫ôڿɲҪָѾϸ֦ˣЩ̻˭ҵǺõģƤûЩô񰡣ǲѧɹԼ֪ҲҪڮ٣ҪǱϻ״õңҼҺȵ뿪
˵ʵϸ˺üΣֻҪԸһһ˼ǿԵģʳǾԵģϡôػһ˭ףҪϺӻÿԼŬС
ҲֻԼб²еҲŻı˿
̫̫ƺߣܲ죺ȥһѧô˵һ̡
֮㻹ҡ
Թ̫̫˹治ʲô
̵ôﵫүү̵ĺӶúܺãүү۰ţҿûְܵ˵껹εĳһЦ
ӺϵĹЦ⻰˵ͬҺӿɺˣʲôõĶźӣѾͷСֻ۰
ǿ߹̫̫ˣʲôⰡʱָˣƽʱĶɶ°
ǺֱǺ̫̫ʲô£ȳܲģҼҵҪ졣
˵Ӽۡ
ӲһУǺʲôҵļ£ɼһʲôϵҪˣ˼ҳû˵ʲôͱϣӶ˻˼װ
û뵽
һ۹ȴҲĿŹ̫̫㲻ȥ취ϱӻһҸ㻹ûٹϵˡ
ϴô̫̫ԼҪӲҪӵģװϣȥ
ɵЦԼŪ˸ûȤ̫̫ڨڨ뿪
ȵ̫һߣϳӵ㲻ǺģǸ˼ǳúܣָһС¾Ϳʼˡ
̫̫ʲô˭˽⣬Ҳ´Ϊҵǣ
ӱùһҲҪڵģΪ̫̫£ǰ·һˡ
˴˴֮䲢ûʲôޣܶʱҲǶ²ˡ


96Ц

緽ţۺ첻ģΪ̫̫ﵹ͹ҵľˡ
һɾһʯͷ£ҲҪǸ鷳ҲĲ
ʲôЦɲҪ鷳Ҳ֪ĺòá
ֲӿһ
Ҳһɨŵǵ㲻ãһҾ̫˵ˣҲ־ˣϻùһܷŻؼҰɣһαҵֶˣ˵ˡ
ɶˣô֪һȣ֪¡
ϢҶ֪д˰ԽȻͦͦԵõǸʱǻڴͬأ컹ûҾˣҺȥһǽǡ
ﶼò죬ǽǡôҲó
ӡϡһЦǲǽϰˣݻǽڰǽڣû˼ǽǰɡ
ȥȥȥ֪ȡЦʵ˵ˣǽһЩôŪﶼ˯ţԼ˺üأǸϸֵġһһ˦ûû˵š
һȺ˺ȻЦҲЦ
ɻͷοһϣЩЦ˾ﶼûôźǣΪء
ЦҲûɬԽ˵Խ𾢣˵أͳǽˣһ£ǲҹ̫̫ʲô
ְ˹һۣò£˳ҪӣʯôңСһ𱻴ˣǱ߲׾ˣҲóʮǮ˼Ұ˰ӣ˭Ҳ벻ͨǡ
ڶ֪£ϵΪҲô
ٺһЦҲ棬ƾŹ̫̫ǿžҪڳӿɲ򵥡
һλ˼ˣ㵹˵˵ôˡ
⻰˵һҲǼ˵úܡ
ɪ̫̫Щ˸ˣ˵¾ͰѴ˶Ҫ߲ӣߵʱܲģŲôˡ
Ƚ˽ˣӻƻ֣˴ԿһǴˡ
ǵϸû߶ԭ򣬲Ϊ̫̫ˣ϶ѡһѡˣŵ˶겻߶
ʯ˰Ӳ˵ҲˣǴұ֮ĵطȥŵ˴ҶȽҪȢʲôĺѡ
˻ʵ
ֲֻźأһҾǷʰƽڴŹˣ˼ǱҲֽǫţ˼ԽԽţ˰ʰʰͶˡ
Թһһøжû
ƲƲŵҷ˵Ļ̫̫ʵģǰǷ顣
ȻܼĽɣʱɲܸһҳϹϵ˿Ļ¡
΢΢һЦûµģ⣬һɸŰ״ѧ˲ٵĶʶأһǼΪũﶼǴֲʶһģǼϱ˸״ǼҵĴˡ
εЦЦٶԡ
ЦЦ뿪ŵ˻ǡĵЩΣҺûʱ״˵ǡ
ͷǾҪ档
鷳еĿ졣
һȥŰϽ˻һ˲Ӹ״һۡ
һ·ϹûиϺɫ
֪һֱͷĸţߵû˵·ιͷָϾʮǮ˴ҵЦײ˵һʮôʣµһȥ
ǰʱ̫̫᲻Ǯģһ뵽ܰһҵͶˣĥӲһʮĳ
ȥʯʱȴֻʮģĿŵĿһġ
ֻ֪й̫̫͹ڱЦҲп˵
ϵͷɢһһɵĳζʭشܣҲɾȥ
һɷ紵ŵϵζһ㣬ƺһȥúýͽ͡
ίҼ޵Ǽʱ˵ѼҸҵҵ˶ʮ갡ʮҶûҵɽСɽڶûȢϱ˭˵˸ڴӵĹ˼ֻҪƸײͬ⣬м˵˺ö¶ΪƸĹϵˣΪǶӼһǮŲҲŸɽϱô
һһΪӣûԼˡ


97

Խ˵Խίɫ΢ÿһ㡣
ɽȢϱײһֱޣҲ̫һ㣬һ˾ͲҪˣЩС˼ˣֵַĹӲǺܺôʲô֪ҲܻϽͣϵԹҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ϻ͹һصƼӵԺΧţһŽſԺӡ
ĳƣǰҹµʱ򣬴˲Ҳ֡
һˣϽԺӡ
߹һڵأææ̫ܵЩۣ˵ҲЩǸϽְһ۸ôãܿǵֿɲܴ
Ϸ³ͷ΢΢ü鷳ˣ
ͷܼɲ鷳ˣʮأھڹԺǱȥһˣмܻᵽɵģ峤Ҳ˵ȥ
һҶ㲻ȥģǰʱˣ峤ȥȥһˡ
ѳͷڼϵϾȥͷ֪ͨǡ
ȻϵôҲҪȥˣǲȥָǼô˵ʱùһˮ
ɰѳͷϣŴֱ۾ߣҲŲùһˮ
ҶʮˣǴҪµġ
ܿ˵˹Ժ⣬ֱӴŹɼǰ档
Žż⿴ŹԺһڵϣŵĹ̫̫ʱȴǫѷº˿Ц
ļʯǰ˰ӻûȬʯվһţ˿ţһʲôʮǮ£ǲǼҹɽûȢϱҪǣһȢϱ
ʯԼĪʮĸЦһǼҰʯථǣһαǺȥţ˶֪ˣ⻹ôǼҰʯȢϱһҵø𡣡
⻰ŭˣ˵ϹʯȢϱôƽʱǵô˵ֻɣûƻ״ĵ氡ҵǮûû׷ҲˣǻҼڣΪӳȥֲҵģû鷳ҲˣҼҶթӡ
˵ĸ˲Ǳˣϵϡ
ɫȻһ䣬Ŀϳ㻹ǵﰡôôһǣ޳ȥŮóȥˮ
һĿϣ뵽һӷģŮȴң޵ô껹ûƼңʵǶؼ⼸ʲôТûõ
̫̫ɫã֮ͺţ˻Ц˵Щȫ˵Ŀˡ
ǿһЦ¶ҪֹɣҪôЩ¡
վԺĹЦˣҪеƵϡ
վԺ⳶ɤӺʲô¡
Ժ˶˹ʯһͷͿˣֵıҩŲ˵ӵ˵ĳϽ϶ߵǹɡ
ϵ۾ȴһɳͤͤҰʯ䰡ϼ׵ǿա
ЩŵգȴͻȻЦͷԹ̫̫ӵŮɡ
̫̫֪ôͻȻЦ⻰һԺǽվŵĹɵͷŮôˡ
ȴվŹ̫̫־ǰߡ
ֱ۵Ĺ̫̫ЩɵۣŪϾΪͻȻ飬ͻȻ˹ɣ̲µϱĹؼվסʲô
ҪǷǰ»ܳɣڹװͰ͵ӣйĮҪ˵˽£ǵͱѲɡ
ϴЦ⣬ȴ̣ҪǳǲʯĻˣһιָʡһǮ
Źֺ̫̫ȵûû뵽ɳôˣȫǴ˰ɻû˵װɡ
̫̫ɫһȻǴɵ⡣
ԺĹ⻰ˣϾȻ⣬һûŭЦɲܹ̫̫ܡ
̫̫ɫÿҷּˣû˵Ҳܲš
ʲôܲףҪȢôĵҲʯʲôĻɫȻһìܣĵ׻ǺϿµģǾʯ䲻Ϲɡ
⻰һ֪ھܾϵɫҲÿˡ
˫һɺܲ˵⻰ʲô˼
̫̫ģһҵҹܲţѾּңҪʲô뷨ȥ̸ȥҲˣҪǼûУΪʯԭ˼ӳȥɽСɽҲǸϱõģû׷ξǺõġ


98·

ӵĹ̫̫ڼƱ֮˲ףҲǱ濴ô׺е鶼ϱֳ̬Ⱦ
Ҫùɼ޸ʯȫΰȻܲϲɣǿ˳ۡ
ʱҲ̲סҪﲻ̹
ϸղŻϣת˲
ʲô˼ʵʵû뵽̫̫ͻȻ㣬Ųܺµӡ
ҲŪЩ£ΨԺĹ΢΢üͨ˹̫̫Ŀġ
̫̫һЦûʲô˼ʵʵ˵ˣ˼ݵ棬ҪҴ˻Ǵţǲ̫ûǷˡ
ı࣬ҺĿϣһﻹо⡣
ʯˣϴС۰ʱŭϵĲߣ˿ֱһѹ̫̫ûվȵĹ̫̫
һֱŵĹɽͻȻһĳǰʯվһȭͷΪʯǼӳȥЩǸȢϱģڻ̣Ϊһô
ʯ˶վҪ˲ˡ
йСɽҲУҵ˶࣬Ҳĸغ֮һѾ·硣
Ųʱ򣬹ͻȻӽԺӣǴӣľǹˣ˸۸ô̡
ס֡һСֵѾǰˣһЩ׳ҲԺӣĶҵˣƺֻҪٸҶ֣ôҾͻ޹˼ɵĳǰʰˡ
ʯĵŵϡޡһڣĭڵϣûò
Ҳ⣬ֻƳһʯĵϣģЩҲֻ˵ƽ߳Ӿͱ֣ºúôìܣٶǹҲǳصġ
ɽ͹Сɽӵ˵ǶѪͷңҲ˳ˣӿЩǱ
û˵ֻĿŹ
ʯ쳤ӵԼ£Ϲʲô
˸ֳ棬ȻϲһˣϾǹˣϹͷŽģŴҲǴй˵ܣָô롣
ΪǴӵ˶ܺ۸ԺŶᱻ˴ǵģһܲˡ
Щ䣺ֻ˵ǵ£Ҫ͹ϵҵ棬Уǲȥϰѹٲǲڶթӣʱ۶ϣֻо仰ǣŵηɲóԡ
Ǹһвͨ˵̬ȺǿӲ
ɫܺڣڣǲֻ֣ҪҩѰˣҼƨɶѵôˡ
ʾ˴Ҳǻã˼ҲҲ˼ӣҪǼƽϣӴҵģӦǮ
վڹ̾ϢһѹҲΪѴ峤ˣһңڻðŹһ˵ǵĿһ۹ɣ롣
ȴмĹϵĲǹֻǲ˶档
ºһЦԴ峤һλô峤
Ժ˿Ҳûôţƽ˲٣ٲⱻƭˡ
Ļش𣺡ʮ߰˻ƭƭĻùãɩӶһˣֽŮڹӾͺˣôԼ⣬˫˽ѵΪֹǺܺãȥֻȥٸˡ
ѹһңԵΪֹûۿһˣǻ¾ϸ˰˶ӳȥˣ⼸ǵҵҲû˰ɡ
ͬһˣ۾Ϲ
֪ȥȥû壬ҪǴŭ˹ˣֻ߲ӣ۾ƹԺͤͤĹɣǽղˣҽ˵ס
Ϻ͹̫̫ĶԻ֪ϴɵ̲סЦ˵ɵףȰھģҲ˵ӦҪ󣬾Ҳͬ⡣
Ϻò׿һʵĹʤջͦ˵ͷƾʲô
˵ײǵ°ɣѲɹɵ»ǹͬⲻɡ
ù˵ЩЩԵˣȴΪ⡣
ͷŹɴһЦһĵ񣬻ͷŵΪǲѣʮ˭ҵĺʲôף˵ʯ߯Ƕ


99ı

⻰Щˣ˵ȫûô롣
ľһʵʯôϹɡ
ϵɫѿ۾ݺݵĶŹԼԶģҼӿѾͷһء
˻ȥϣǿϣ˵һ鰡̸ԣ붯ֶݹҲ
˵Ķ˵ˣҲûʲôˡ
̫̫˿Ѿ˵˲¡
һͦ˵ҲˣϽߣǼԺվˡ
ҵˣ龰Ҳе㲻֪˵ʲô
ٻȫǣĿһҲƽôࡣ
ϵ˶һ뿪
ĵҲֵֻٸȥҲ⳥ӣϽ߰ɱǴ¡
ɾϷòˣҪ뿪ʱʯͻȻܵդһٶͻأ
ȵȡʯ仰ʱЩ˼
ʯûһøУ뵽ҩǵľٶúܣûʲô¡
ʯ֮ǰҩûûע۲ɣϾǸʱŵĶӣڿüĿģҪǳ˶ã˵ڰ״ѧ˺ܶණء
˹еĲͷԵ¶Բ𰡣ҹùýġ
˵ֻҪһӡ
ʯ֪ڹɵѾٹ̣ѹͲı䣬˵Ҳ˽ʯʲôӵˣڵǸֻĿĵġ
ͷ˵ԲҲ˰˳ͷ
˵Ŵ־ߡ
ϵԽԽԼӶԹ˼
ͷһ۹̫̫˵Ǻ׼ң̫˽̫̫ˡ
СԼ˵˼䣬ʯ£Ķ˳˴ӡ
ԺҲûʲôÿˣ˶Ѿ뿪
̫̫ͷôߡ
ȴһЦⲻҪǽ˵ô¶Ҷкô
ϵĻù̫̫ԥˣкôͻȻˡ
ϴϵջȰ˵̫̫ǽȥ˵ɡ
һ˽ӣϵȴЦ⡣
ŵʵͻˣȥ¾͹ȥˣ˵һ׼ҡЦе˵ţҪ׽
̫̫ɫȴûôã֪׼ˣ֮ǰǵ̬ȿǿӲúܡ
һⲻӷô֪ɽûȢϱΪɽȻҲǼģҵǿԸɽһϱͿԸⲻԸˡ
ɶ̫̫ʱˣ˫۴Ų˼鿴ϣŵ˵⻰ʲô˼
ҲˣΪ˹ɽĻǲģϱҲҵôʵġ
Ȼ˵һϱȻ֪϶̲סļ
̫̫Щ𺳣ĿϲҲ˼
ϹһЦˬʵ˵׼˵

ߵĹɸȥˡ
ΪҪ֣û뵽˾Ȼû˿̼ɺʹϸϽǰôˡ
϶ǺģֻΪ˱ûȥְˡ
΢΢һЦǱΪģҲֲʲô
˭װ¿϶̫̫뵽Ĺؼ
ɵСһ㣬ϻФɡ
һ˵ЩãʯʲôȻҶԹзǷ֮룬Ӷ䲻Ϲɣʯʲô⡣
Ȼ⣬ҲԼʲô
ʯĵúܡ
һù̲סЦ
ĴļЦеӱ㿴ҶûǲӦˣǼܷʲô˶֪ûϵҵĻǵȻܲš
Ҫǰ϶ܺ£ڲˣ֪Ϊʲô;ûʲôµġ
ЩãҲƵԼ㵹ңһʱɲߡĿŹɡ
ͷұ֤춼Ƥӵ¡Ҳ¹ñɵֶΣǼº޵ߡ
֮ҲͻؼˣϾﻹкܶҪء
ŹɽӣʱϻǺġ
һϾ͵ϾȻФǼɸϱһʱ㲻Ҫɽԡ
һ¾ǲҪҪǹиʲôʧô졣


100Ҫ

ϾһӱͲʲôöʲôҲпܣȻùʲôʧ
Ŀ䣬Ҳ֪ҪĻǷˡ
ʯǻСӾȻҲФŮҲԼʲô⡣
Щ˵ţʯܲϸɽ͹Сɽһ㣬ҪȻôڶȢϱҴɱǴӺá
ҲԾʱԲ뿪ߡ
뿪ˣ뿪ʱϺʯ϶Цݣ·ҵʱϻҵԺӿ˼̵ۣġ
ƺָֻƽÿնϺ͹ȥڵأѾ˳ֻҪȵƾʱȥ
Ϲûȥżȥǹһˡ
գ׼ű¨˹ңʱ˵Ѱ뿪ҩ֮һֱϰߣÿμҩĺɵ֡
֪˼ֻ̾ϢһҪ˵
Ҫˡ
ʵʱεģףԼǱˣֲףҲΥ׵ԸֻһЭ
¨汳ŵǹɼҪĻƾ˲͵ϵʱȲıˡ
ݺ£˺Ͻܳ
һǰ׼϶Цݡ
׼ôˣ˵ŸϽԺţ׼ݡ
˰׼ȴûдݺؼңϿ˹еֹ
˵ʲô˵ɡͷŵأôѾĥһӡ
ƺҲϰ
ϳ̾һѵܶȻûʲôĸ飬ôһõġ
ǹˣװ׼еĿࡣ
еΪѣ׼ദôðѰ׼ɸ翴ʱʦѣ֪׼뷨֮ƺ˴˼еˡ
Ҳ֪ø׼˵ʲô׼˵Щڶ߻ص󡣬Ҳ⡣
΢΢ҡͷҪҪһҵģȥк׼ɣôԶܷܲҲһڡ
ȥΪȥҲΡ
ϼйϣʲôҪ˵Ҳ֪ôڡ
ϳ̾ﻹеΡ
ɲȥû취һ˵ˣð׼Ŷӻȥ
ѳͷһŵһȥ׼ʳȻỹǻɡ
ǰԺ
а׼һˮţݵԼɽϲɵӥ裬׼ǿˣ˴룬ûԼҪһĨٻӰĵЩʧ
ԥһ»ǵʲôطȥˣ
ű¨ôԶֻҪһ棬Щ˵бŲ
ĵЩΣǰ׼ôںŵԣ׼ǻӦɣ׼ǸúӣҲɵʱҲϡ
ֻϧЩʱԵ޷֡
ָָݺλõںӻ֮һֱ£ȰҲȰסҪȥ濴ɡ
ʱϻˣŰ׼ЦЦں档
׼ȴԥˣ֪Լȥɻǲȥ
ʱȴʲôȥҪɾ͸Ͻȥ
֪ԵЩ˵ȽϺã׼ص϶ʲôˡ
׼мĿϺ͹ĺܸм˵
е룬վһԼ°ڵȥˡ
˵ͳԺȥݺ
ϻе㵣ǵʲô°ɡ
ԼһƵĺţ¡
׼ôԺӵݺһ·֪֮ܳܳô˵ȽϺãʱԼģŶԹ˵ϲûãҪˡ
һҰɣ׼뵽Щɬ
ϻؼ֮Ҳûʲô˼ڵأֻǶĲɵļŵСʯͷʯͷһеظԼĶ
׼ߵݺһ۾Ϳ˹ɣһԥˡ
Ĺûôջǹǰ
ɡ
׼еεվ˰
׼ͷȴûǰɴʮԶľվŵƾˣƽôһذ
ǿһЦһԼƽĵص֪繻
˶Ĭˣ׼̾ϢһЩھΣҪˡ
ɾˣǰ΢΢üҵʵŮˣ
׼пɬЩƣһʯͷѹϣ㣬Ǹﶼνˡ
ЩԱ˵ǰǹɣ˭ҪˣԼŮӡ
Щ̣԰׼ûŮ֮ĸ飬׼ƺ̫


101ͻ

׼ԱĻ֪ôȰ˵Щ鲻ȫԼһֱʲôһӼ޸һԼϲˣͿͿĻһӡ
׼ĻеܣҲͬ׼ֻǾЩᡣ
׼ͷЦԼһҺɵǲǣʵҲԼЩûãûϲǶԵģôҡ
Ҫ¸һ㣬ʸ׷Ϲɣڵĺҡ
ɲ׼߽׼վڰ׼ĶŰ׼ļοǧҪ룬ңТӣΪТףѡҲ¸ҵġ
׼ֵܵ¶ȣһЦ֪ڰοңɳ׺ҿܾҪ뿪ˡ
ΨһҽݣΪȫǹڹɵĻ䣬Щһۣû취ΥԼ׵İŵĻ¡
ԼЭ
ɺ𾪣˰׼еļȵȥ
û뵽׼ȻҪ뿪ӣɲС¡
ȥҲҲҲǿҽݵģһλҽܺõĴҽҵ֮ϣҴȥΪʦ뿪Ψһ£֪Ժܼܲɡ
ΨһϲҲŮǹɣҩദǶʱúܿģ֪ɶֻ֮飬ʦѵĹϵĲô
δֹɣÿ˶ÿ˵ѡ񣬺һҲֻ֪ΣִȢ˹ɣҲԸ޸ôңһֻ²ùԺɲῪҸġ
ûȥôĿܣðɡ
̾Ϣһеأͬȥˣ
׼ͷͬˣ֪ʲôҲӦֻҪ׺ͿȥѧɹҲԡ
Ҫȥ𣿡ɵʵ֪Щǡ
̲סΪ׼ġ
׼һ۹ɣ΢΢ҡͷеΣֻ²ᣬʵǰҼλŮˣҲǱƵģ׺Ҿͻ뿪Ҫ棬һ㹻档
ûмȥ
ͻȻ׼ӻóһɵַУǿһЦǰһֱһģֻһֱûҵᣬľԼڼģǰղãԺɣǸõ
ɱģ۾ƮɳЩᡣ
еĲͷð׼µˮ˴ӣ澲һľᣬӿȴյ
ĺлл硣ʱĴʯͷ¡
׼ЦˣԵЦˣһûһǿЦҲɬЦɵͷܳĵԺҲиˣҪ۸һҪҡ
ӣŰ׼עʱᣬУһȭͷڰ׼ļЦҪ۸ǵøңһǺģһ㿴Ұʯ˶ˡ
˵˶һ۶Цˡ
һǰһؼҡ
Ϻ͹˵ЦĶˡ
֮ǰ˹ϵԽԽڼ˵Цİˡ
ɻͷ԰׼ȥҵ˵Ựȥ󷹣˻ȥų̿ҹܵҡ
׼Ʋ죺ҡ
һ۶׼ԺҪء
˵˿ЦҲܶ࣬һ̵Ľ
ѾѷڹˣҲкˡ
̨ջϿ۹ջûסں˵Щʲô
ƳһۺϣеΣ׼ҪˣȻ˵׺ҪȥѧϰҽȻԺҸˣΪɵ˾Ͳ˵ˣǰ״ͬġ
һе˵һ飬Ͼˡ
ЩţϸɵɲС£״Ϊʲôͬ⣬ҿУȻͦϲ׼ǸӵģûҲӦ
Ǵ£Ҫ˸ɵԺͶһ£±Ҫء
ֻ˵ҲûָϻӦԥһһ취µʱ׼Լ˵
أһֱҪô¡
˺ܿ׼ˣںкŰ׼
ҲûˣɺҲӡ
׼Ʊˣʲô׻û˵ֱͷ˾Ʊľơ
ʱЦ׼˵ҪΪɵԺɾãҾܺãǴ£Ҫ׼ĵһ𵽳С
ղź͹ɻݺ󣬰׼Ȳĸˡ


102»ȥ

˼ϲ࣬ⲻС飬׼˵ӦˣҲ˶ڳǡ
׼ЦӯӯĵͷҪǸȥϣ
Ҫӵģ岻Ǻܺãջա
ûͦϲ׼ģҲûӣհ׼ΪɶҲͦá
ָ׼Т˳ǣֻϣ׼Ժܹһɣ΢չչ˹ɡ
ǵϣϰ״һҵİʵ̫ˡ
ɶЩûʲô뷨ͺãûʲô
׼˷뿪ˣͰ׼ڲŻ
ܺãһʰӣﻹСɽ˾߳Сϲ졣
ҲʰЦе׺ܿġ
а׼ҲģԺҲһչ㡣һֱöԲɣΪҵصоҪɱ
죺ʵҲҪչˣҹʱҪˣҪǳ׵Ļʲô
׼Ҫ磬׵ʱ϶ҪúñʾʱҪһЩ
ϳüͷҪ϶Ҫʹһ㣬ֻǼûǮˣЩˡ
ǰҪ˿϶õóֵĶǼʲôʺϵġеĵĿŹɣԼҲŬżʲôõóֵġ
ȴô벻
üǮϣ㴺һӣֻӴûҲҪ
ȻģҲϵһҶǺܺá
ԼԴһЦʵõɽһЩҰζȥ״Ҳ֪ǼҵΪǵġ
֪͹صĶҲð״Ҫ
ǼһزԼҰζϯҲҪ
΢΢ͷͬĽ顣
ʱúͰ׼ҲģǼ䲻˼ҡ˵곤̾һԽԽᵱɵļ֣ǶԵġ
ûйɵļ֣˵Ѿ˵һ˼ңһӹûϣ
ٻܿδʵѾܺˡ
ɸܵϵ仯ϵֱЦں˼ˣŮԺ϶ܼһܺõ˼ҡ
Ů鳤ʺڵ
׼ȥ֮ѽϻа״˵ˣʱܸܵ׼Ͱ״ı仯Ҳ֪ڰ׼ϣ˺˹ɣϸ뵱ɵĵһͦϲģôͱ˽ٶйϵ


103µǸ

ϲʲôŮˣڰ׼Ļܼ֣ڱȴء
Կ״Ͱ׼뷨֮󣬱ҾԣҲûŮҲͦϲģҪΪŮ׼ɵɵҲϼף˴Ҳиչˡ
⻰˵úܵ״Ҳ΢΢Щ嶯ɺܶ£ҩҲûˣǹܹҩðæҲǺõġ
Ұ˸ɵҲ˵˵ʲôҲˡ
׼Щ⣬ڴĦ˵ЩҿıҲ˵ΥĻҲ˵ҪչΪŮ
״ĵͷãҺϲǸѾͷһεˡ
׼ɲǣͷŴ̽Ϣ˵ĻҲر
֪״Ͱ׼Ϊ˹ɲ˿ֲʱ
Ͻⲻ취ֲôȥɡ
Щãһ˱ȽϺá
׼־ܾĵ岻þͲҪˣɵϵġ
ŰҲƻ׼ʱҪĶ
ӰݸɵǴ飬϶Ҫúõ׼׼
ĹһҵڶľȥֲƾڵﴺһҲ˺֣ܶ˵ĵظһξ룬ɤӻ졣
ŹɰѻƾڹųͷϣһϺܺá
һֱĥ׼£ȥǸоģ³ͷ˵׼ȥܲ˵ܾ֮ǰûӦ⺢ǹ⻣ǿĵġ
ʵҲţϾϿǱ˹ɣ״ǱߵҲпܣҪ˵ϴӦǣǿˡ
ףԵͷһڵһߵ𲻴ӦˣǼһʲôģ˵ݸɵҲӰǼɡ
ɲ˵ŵ˵ͲˣʵͦãžΪ׼Ļܿأʵĵطͦõġ
ϰһ۹ɣ˼Ҷ㻹Ϊ˼˵ûȻԹɣȴùǶԵġ
Ҳ磬ֻǹؾص顣
ƽõģȻƶ񤣬һȴϣһֱæ꣬ڴֲɽҩĵطû
ڵһ죬վоֱ
ڴѾϰǼҿֵص£ȻһЩҲų
һͼ˸徻
׼ˣѾ׼һӹһҡ
Ҳ֪ºܻϲһȥϡ
ۼļ׼͹һЦ뿪ܺ浽׷ʲôп֪ĴҲȥˣ˾Ͱ˼ϡ
ľͰȥˮǱ߾ͱλסˡ
һŹȥϸء
֮ǰڲ²ɿ϶׼Ƿʲô׼ȻˣǸӺ档
סһΣ˵Ӳ˵Ҳ߲ˣֻõҾ֪һ㣬ǰ׼ҪϳΪɵ
ɶӺ⼸λ˶ˣһĿɿڴû뵽
˵׼ҾǮ˼ңҪ֪ʮƲڰ״׬Ǯǿ϶˵ģҰ׼ҵҽҲǼҴģڰ׼ȻҪϹΪɵ˵˾ˣɱԼһӺѽ
Ͼûô׼ҲãָԹһжá
һĽû뵽һȻ׼˿ˣ˼ҵ˭ûйŮ
ԼŮ޸˼Һûб뷨ѹͱȲϹɡ
һҲͬ⣺ŮȷûйܸɣǼѾͷлȹӴǲġ
ȻܾȴʣⶼǹԼȡģʲôɼʵģŸ״ߵʱ򣬴û˵лʱҶ˵ʲôѧᣬ˼ȥʱҩĶʶ˲˵ʶˣȴöӶɡ
ϧҺ͹ɼһݹϵҲǱңԲܽס
󴺺ò׳ż˵ʱ͵͵ߣȥˮǱˮˡ
ϢûΪ뿪ɢԽԽңڹ뿪ô˶֪ˡ
ЩĽãеڼ˵Ự
һȴǳˣ˵֮˼Ҳûг
ҾԲǱֵƽ
ٹ̫̫Ѿڷػ˺üȦ


104ϲ

һȥϣ˵Ľų̶ܿ죬·ҲûôϢ
ʱѾЩˡ
ҩûûţ״¿飬Ѿûˣֻǵ̻ûš
״о˽˵̧ͷ
ˡ¶Цգڵء
ԹһֱھΣϹΪŮĵ£Ϊԭ°׼֮Ͳô꿴ű˼ҶŮ˫ȫĽ,ҲŮ
ǰԺһˡʵ˵Щͦ˼ģоռ˴ˣ׼ǼҺ̫ࡣ
״ˬЦһ̤ʵ
ȥԺ˵׼ţȥЩԵĻĥҲˡ
о¥Ҳ⣬׼Ͻȥ¥ͷ⣬Щ¾Ʋ˻
ԺУѾ£״һֱЦ⣬رá
ȥˮݲ裬оʣˡ
ʵɻȻ׼˵ˣܾЩڰ״˵ʵ̲סǻЩ벻ͨ״ΪҪΪŮ
͹Ҳ£ʵҲǲ֪״Ŀġ
״ҲҪ˽ͽͣ˵ҲΪϲѾͷ֮ǰұҪɳΪҵĶϱǰҸ˵Ӳʲôˣֻڰ׼ȽִţʵһֱöԲɣ˵ɸŮںֵ֧ġ
Ҽɲûʲôرİ
ҲҪ˵ͨɰɣ״ҲͲͨǡ
״ȴЩͬĻرĹһ㲻ϲ϶ǣ룬ôŮӣ˭ôɾû˽ģΪϲѾͷҲûŮҲôź
˵ص̾Ϣһ֮ǰҲҪĸӣȻ㸻ԣҲ岻ô죿ûСôིʲôҪôʲô
Ű״˵ȴҲףһˮ֮ɾͱˣö³죬Ϊҿǣһҹ֮䳤ˡ
ߵһҲɡ
ԽԽǽ˫Լ˫ȣ͵ǰ˵ֻһŮûжյʱһįģԺ˭ŮҲûҼɶûҼɴҪһ˵Ҽɻرġ
״ЦŵͷɲǣҼرĹҼСӾͱȲˡ
ҲʵȻ׼кҪǿʼվð׼Ŭ
ϺͰ׼״˵׼ˣ˼Ҷ˵ԼԼĺԽԽУҵǾҰ׼õúܣǼǸǧǲ֪ɻؼ֮һֱ˵׼ܶ£ܻչˣĶҲܶ࣬״򰡣Ҳ˵ЩˣʵҺͺͬģϲ¡
ԺҲжӵˣҲ˵˰ɡ
Ҳ˵׼ҪȥԶĵط
״̾ϢһЦ¶ǣǲͬ⺢Զеģ˵Ҹѧϰҽѧϰõģһ仰ģҸҲǿҩõģһλҽҾѧѧϲ棬ⱲӲҲԸ⡣
ֻҪ׼βˣǼ̳²ɡ
ֹ̲ԷˣΪԵ¾Ҫ׼أǡǡ෴һֱѧֹֻҪ׼ҪѧҪְ֧׼ȥѧϸⲢûʲôõġ
Ϻ𾪣û뵽״Ȼѡ
״һۣп˺ܶණЦЦһҺܴ󵨣ʵҲûоǴ󵨣ֻذ׼뷨ΪʲôһҪһӶСɣиõδء
ɶŲվڴ£һվŰ׼˿̵İ׼Ѿ棬Щûǰ˵ĺܸж
ͷ֪һֱˣǵøǸ
׼صĵͷǰڹǰԹ˽Ҫ벻ģֻǺѧ̫٣ȥ֮ʲôԿ
ɶŲݣһ˵һ׼ʱŽϵˮѾɾҲʲô
ЦЦھ¥Ǳ߽˲ˣȻͻ˹ɵԺչǡ
׼úܣȡЦûʽҵɵأھͽˣҲ֪
ȴһ۹ɣѧѧ˼Ұ׼ථ¡
ƺȳۻ


105¸ɵ

һֱҪӣϧԼӲôӵ˲Цģ˵ǼҪûжգЩǵһؿڣһˡ
ʼкӵˣʱŽ˵̣ŵϵʱȥ˻
֤˵ģⲻ׼ϵĻʱЦ߽ӣЦŵǴϲ°ҵžΪǿģ׼ԺҪúТ˳ɵɣԺҲĸɵ
׼ٺٵɵЦţɣЦжοֻҪغڹɵ߾㹻ˣڱƺûôҪˣԺܿҸ
ɸܵ׼ߣŰ׼ЦЦ
봺£ŰеĲ˵ϣҺϾȥӻò׽һγǡ
׼֪һҺ͹һҵĹϵȻûݹϵϵݻҪȡ
ⲻΪ¾͸ŽˣԴܸм֮ء
ʲôҪֻܴϣҿ԰ġ
ϵЦβˣСӻ涮°ĶֵҪĶһҲͦæģô鷳أʱˣ׼ա
ݸɵﻹҪһģɫѾĥŽǻزȥˡ
״ͷɺ׿סޣ󽭸һȥ
ãҾͲȥˣҸǼһͺãҲˣһ㶫˯ˡ
ҲϽԸһסͲ鷳ˣҲ˯ãֻҪһӾ͹ˡ
ǻǲȥ׼鷳ˣѾ鷳˼ˣȻȻܽ;ͽͣׯˣôĽ
ǰũʱæµڹȲݶһ˯ˡ
ҲϽǶҩϢȥǼʵ̫鷳ˡ
״˵ʲô׼ϽҿˣҲҩһҲҩõıӻܶҷҲ࣬žͿ˯ˡ
״Ҳԣ˶˯˼ҲӦˡ
㿪ʼţƱ֮ɰʰ˳ӶһӵĹ棬˵֮ǰ״򾭳˯ҩãΪ֮ص̫»ȥϣҩõıʱҲһЩ׻дԼ˯ϣ׼й˯ڴõĵϡ
һҹ޻
ڶϻа״ˡ
Ͻմһ£˾˫֮͸ϲ
ǻϲģѾ˹ɣһ뵽Ů˾ġ
ϲһΪСӣΪݺ˿˵ͬģΪӵⱻôꡣ
˵ȫһ׼ˣͷϵһʯͷҲˣ߾ҲŮˣɺܶԺҲá
ϻйЦӯӯģһ֮ǰֻǰ׼Ͱ״˼ڿ϶ԹҲǺģͺá
һϾǰǣϵֵǸǰɵ»ǲҪңҲǱΰ
˵̾ϢһΪ˰׼˻ˡ
һЦɱߵʵѾˣһĨЦ˵¶˵ˣģԺһ˲⡣
Цϵȥ˺Ժ׼ȥϴĶӡ
ոŮǴ飬Ҫݵصģм仹һЩʽ
ϺܽЩڰ׼õ𸴣֪һҶԸ֮ڼ׼Щܶ׼ʱ򻹱Ƚɡ
ܾü̫°׼ΪΪǮŴӦģɱ˿ˣǼҲãܾǼռˡ
ɫһЩõô˵Ļأʲôռ˲ռ˵ģ⻰ĺҪ֮ĹϵǮס
һԸ͵ɲǣҪҿͲǮɺͰ׼ǺúأԺһ߶ҲǺõģɻؼ֮һֱ˵׼һչимúܣںˣڳá
˵ЩϺܰЦеĵͷǼҰ׼Ҳ˵ҪиþͺˣС͸£ںˣҲźˡ
״а׼Լ׼õĶԺ쾮һųԷŵİӣһһҸѣϻڷ¯ԼƷ


106¶

ϷŹƷݸɵǺ飬Ҫصġ
ԹƷںãվһʾ
ϺͰ״Լ϶׼˸ĿںǮúֽţͼϲ졣
һԺŹ£ȻǰݵأŸ԰ݸԵĸɵָоùеȻڳһΨһһľǲأ֮ϺͰ״еǮ˹ɡ
Ѿеƫ̵ĿŹɵ
Цŵлл
ϵЦݸɿ״ɵ
ͻȻ֮Ŀڻе㲻ϰߣ֮ǰһֱ״״ĺţͻȻ֮˸ɵٻһ㲻ϰߡ
״ЦҲܲãԺϲ
ڵ̵Ͻ˺ԺǼǰſȴûˣհ׼Ѿʰˡ
һԺŹĶһԺϴŵϲЦôˣ
ϺЦԺҲŮˣҵĸŮ
ǰɣԺϤҲЦŵ׼ҵĸɶӡ
ΪھӶٻǿһЩĶ׼ϲҲˣôܾ󻹸˹ﲻ˺þã˵׻Ǳ˼ҵļ£ûʲôϵҲֻԹߡ
ǺܺõĽˣԺһף໥Թ
ЦŹɵԺͿԾˣѾͷһе㲻ϰأǲ֪֮һ߶㡣
ǰڵʱż˵˵ҹ˵˵
ӹ֮ûôҩˣΪ׼ôڡ
ЦϵҲء
ʵ뿪Ҳûգôãʼиġ
׼Ϻ͹ϲǮҲܿġ
ɵǽ
һ˽ӣ˼˵ûտȥǰá
׼ŹˣҲ˳ȻЩǣҲ׵ķ֣Լ
Ҳиż˵
úܰ
ҩ񣬰׼ŹҲ
ĴҪߣɵʵð׼֮ҩøˡ
״Ҳ֪ô졣
׼ͷܼᶨ϶Ҫߵģ֮ܲҵ棿Ȼҵ˵Ҫ˰æ棬ûʱˡ
Ҳ֪ùһֱտҲʵһŮӣڵҲЩȫԼ֮ǰΪѧϰҩҩѧˣʲôҩݵԻӶʶȻҪ뿪
֪ʵҪԼֲҩ
룬ʱҲԹƾɽҩֲڵ֮Ҳûʲôҩ½ͺˡ
ԴӦˣǵʱæȥʱһҪ㲮úѧѧֹԺһܹΪ¸صҽ
ţð׼һϽĵˣֻҪϽĵģԺ󶼲̫
׼˼ץץԼԴЦŵҽҲָˣֻҪܹβ˾͹ˡ
ӲŹ̨׼һڹ̨̾Ϣһ˵һʵҲ⣬ŮӽεεģҲǺϲ
Ҳ⣬˶˽ҪһʵЩˡ
ЦŰο֮Ҫ˼Һãг֮ңҪһô
׼ҡҡͷЩ˼ȥѧȻܸһ𡣡Ҳ֪»һദ˶þҪֿ˵Щпᡣ
ʵﲢϲŮӣŮӹҲϲʲô飬֪ôȥװűĶݲģҲ֪Լʲôʱܷ£뿪Ҫúܶ࣬ڶԲԣ֪ôȥǡ
ЦЦİ׼ļ򣺡ҲرԶˣܲñ˶ؿշǣ˵ˣҪ׵۹⣬ѡĹһõúܡ
ڶҲûʲôĲˣ˵ʲôǼ鶼ȥˡ
Ȱ׼ϣĻƫϵ뷨
׼죺˵Ŀס
ǲҲھͲҪƽôˣúõȥѧҽȻѧɻҸ칦Ժҵ־Ҫ߳ӣ߳ӵģҪվ˽ŸұͶ㲻ǡ
Ц˵ţҲҪ׼һЩ
׼һɵ뷨Ȥˣ˵ԺҪȥأ
ûͷ϶ҪȥģǴӲŶӲŶ󣬼һҷأ֮úõѧҽԺˡ
ʹİ׼ļǵð׼Ц
ǿĵģ˵ЩǶõĹ˵ٶ໰á


107Ŀ

ҵĿ꣬׼ţҪԼŬԺôչ˹ɡ
Ҳǵˡ
״ǳɺͰ׼ڸ˼ҩ״϶¶Цݡ
ɷҸ˵ˣʱ㻹Ҫҩðæ󴺸ѧҩʱҪˡ״ЦеĿŹɡ
ϲãû뵽״ôҩá
Ǻò°֮ǰʱһֱĽɣû뵽ĺ»ֵһϡ
ڰ״УɴΨһ۵ĳ˹ɾֻ󴺣˼Ҷ˵ᣬһΪ˺ƣһ㲻£Ҳ˺ܺá
ҽ󴺵ʹ˲ʣҩеƼҩǿԵġ
Ҳ᲻ùҩ£Ҳ֪Լ뷨ȻǹԼġ
ЦӯӯԺ󴺾Ϳ̵ˣСҪǸҲ
ɱӶЦˣЦŴӣ󴺸Ҫ֪϶ĵġ
һܰôģСӰͲܹҩأǰʱ仹˵Ľ㣬Ҳð״Ƶ𡣡
ӱȽֱʲô˵ʲôҲǰ״ʹһҵĵطû˵˼Ϊ˺͹ֱ
״ܺã׼ԼģҲԼ룬ԺҲ˿Ψһ仯ǻһӣҲǼҴ̤ʵ֮ǰΣ⺢Һܷġ
ҲϲʲôƵƲĻ˺ܺʵѡҲǰԼı׼ѡ
ǰŹɵֵ׸·
ɻе㲻ϰϵ飬Ȼ˸ҪһӦĹ̡
Ϻ͹ֻЦеĿţ˿ˣҲôֿ
·Ͳ˰ɸ·ءЩ˼
ϰһ۹ɣЩϲѾͷǵģһôٹҪˣõĿ϶ҪƯƯİ
⻰ûʲôȻģȴ˵ĺе
׼һԹƻϽȥѡԼϲѣʡǮǲ֪Ǯģƽﰡ᲻øأһҪѡġ
⻰˶Ц
ϴȤ׼Ͳϻȥ׵ᡣ
׼ܰ²£᲻ңҸ·ָһģźûŮŮˣ϶ҪԸ
ŹɣҲܹԸⲻԸȥ˸ڵ̡
ϵĳӴǶ£ЩѺܶ඼ǴسûģǮѱ˺ܶ࣬ȻҲ޳УΪ˲࣬Ҳû٣ôһġ
Ϻ͹ûиȥ˴ЩˣڵҲûʲôҲһˡ
ֻʣ°׼Ͱ״
״Сĺá
׼ãԺڼĵλ϶һǧɣûĹѧ˸ƲûƼôġ
ܺã
״һ۰׼˵ʲôֱ˵
֪Ī縸׼ʲô֪׼ʲô
׼ʣҾͿŮ֮õúܰС
״ûɪһþûôˣһӦõġ
⻰ð׼֪ôӻˣֻǺĽʡ
ҾԺڼҵĵλ϶ɡ
϶ϣɺðܹðġ
״ȴͣзĶѵ㻹ɵĴأǰˣӣָж࿪ģǲĵĵɪ
ԼС˼׼Ҳûаգȷġ
˵ǲ°ɡ
ǺǼװġ
״һ۶׼ⶪۺǸŹѧİ
ôСô⺢ӿɱ֪ʲôҪȻĿ϶㡣
׼ڨڨӣеĿŰ״
״̾ϢһֻҪԹԵĳװһ鶼ᷢûϲɰֻǽܲɳΪϱȴܽɳΪã֮Ҳһ˵ˣҲĺܶ࣬Ǹµģ֪Լʲô
ЩԹɵĿ϶׼ܸд
ǼҹҲϲңҲգ֮ڼҲ˶áź
õǿһעһ磬ȴû취ֹı硣
׼ԼȰ˵⺢Ҳ˼ˣ׺󽥽иˡ


108

׼оееܡ
Ըɣ֮һеҵΡ
ɱӣһָ̾һ׶ɫѵһȡ
µϰȻʶϵģҪѱɴ¡
ûȴЦˣѹǰһƵ˭˵ҪˣҸŮģϽȡŮһԡ
ǰҩüҩʱ͸ϺܶϤµϰһɾ;ˣָŹɵڸʲôϵ
Ϻܶ˶֪ƲɵĳԸ˹ɣֵ÷зģܶ˶֪
Ƕð׼͹վһģҪ˳ףҲܰһտ̶á
ĸ֮ý֮ЩҲܸġ
ΪֽˣȴϾȻŹѣŮ
ЦӯӯģܺãҸŮ׵Ŀ϶ҪΪԼŮѰվˣϽȥǵѳ
ϰŪЦǺǵİȡɴһÿ
һѵӣֻûĺܣûôõӣӺܹɡ
ϵҾҴϲÿǿİɡ
ϻ̫Ǯܾ´Ҳ˷ѡ
ȴô࣬ȡɻòÿҲôϲ֪Ͻȥû˳￴ѾͷǮĻˡ
Ž˺ãֻܻѡ
µϰʱսϵǰ㲻ϲɣôϸŮˡ
ϰһϰʲôʱϲˣǿɱ˵
ǲ׼͹һ׿һ㣬һֱùһܲĹ
⻰µϰ϶ţ֮ǰǸ˼ˡ
ϺĵûиҪȥæѣǰ֪Ҵ˵ҪǲϲŮҶΪɵﰡ϶һҲǸıɩһҺò岻ǰҲŮޣҶϲҾϲɡ
⻰ʵ״һڸǺõģȻкܶ˱˼ֻЩĿҲϡ
µϰ廹ǵһ˵ô࣬ϸƷζо˵ĺеҪ治ϲҲɵ
ʱɲ˼ĳˣɫĶԽ¼һͬɫĳȹ½żֻµСȹ»õǳɫСӺܺã޳ȹڹϣǳг
͵ţһܾȱʲôƵɵͷϣʱףȱٵͷΡ
ɵķľõģûбΣء
Ѻܺÿȱ黨ͷΣϰȹҪˣһҲȡ
϶ȹӺ⣬ָһɫ΢һȹ
ƹȡµݸϡ
ϰȹָ˹ɣٽȥһԣɫȹʺ鴩һױȽʺһ㣬ҪǺ׶ˡ
Ĳ˼ˣƴǵˣһѴġ
ϹѵҵĻҪɲˡ
ɻ˵ʲôΪѵȥ
ϲûרͷεĵط̫СҲ٣϶ùţԳҲͷΡ
ǵͷһЩҿ
µϰЦеģôôҲҪúкһҲ׬ܶǮɡ
ֺǺǵȡһʰһԻɫʯķʺһֻǼǮ΢һ㣬Ͼ㿴ܺãʯҲǼõġ
ϵ۾ܶѡѾͿóһѡһ׼ϰóʱҲһۿһ
Ǯ
ϸĿţܺãɫȷһѺܴ
ϰָһӡ
ЩÿƹҲھˣ㿪Ҳ̫ˡ
ƽҲΣõӲ࣬ǼʯҲֵһӡ
ҲЩҲпյġ
ϰɫЩȻⲻǵýô
ϵĵȹһ٣
ϰһ˺ܶɫһȹҲˣ£ϺõޣһȻһЩҲ㲻ˣѼҾҪһӡ
ϸĥһ¾üǮǺʣѡĶ黨ǾСɵģһʯС׹һ˹̨ϣһӡ
ϰɫЩȻѿˣΪѵ⽲Ҳ̫ˡ
ϵһЦȻ׬൫Ҳ׬ǣȹû㽲ۣ˵ɡ
ɲԩͷƹ׬


109¸ж

ϰ廹ǴӦˣ˵Ȼ׬Ĳ࣬Ҳ׬һЩ
ϲûĽ۽Ǯ׬ֻ׬֮ǰôѡ
ɻһɫѳ֮϶Ҳ⡣
ЦҲ˾ʹŻȥɣһƽҲܴ
е㲻˼߹ȥȴһС
ǣĲ˼ˣһͱĶҲûϺöǮ
ϰοò˼ҪøãгϢ˶ԸЩͺãаҲǴ˴ԼӦõģ㿴̫ˡ
ɴ򿪲ӻͷΣжúܡ
лл
Ǹжģﻹû˶ù
ͷѣǵСʱһ黨Ǹʱϲһ黨᲻ôùҲǹ̫̫СŮˡ
Ϊ˺þúþá
֪ʱ˵ʲôĽϣԺŮһõġ
ƹѵ÷ڰ棬ݸ˹ɡ
ѾͷǺõģɵԺһá
ҲΪɿģ֮ǰ;Ѿͷùɵӽĺӡ
ͷôϽôŬĹﲻˣҲԼһģԺ͹ˡ
ϴŹɻصҩá
׼ۼһ۾Ϳɻˣͣɫһ㣬㴩ҲͦÿҪҲʡ
ɰѰڹ̨ϣ׼ﻹһ׸ÿģ黨ɺÿˣ㿴
׼Ҳܿģøô࣬Ҳ˵Ľ˹ɡ
Դ򿪰ϸš
ɫȹһۿҲϲʺ㴩ҳ׵ʱҪ
ѱ׼׼׵ʱ򴩣ͷðʱƯƯģɲ˸档
Ϻ͹ѴȻҲϲһҲûȥˡ
ĸǣɺ͹ڻؼҵ·ϡ
ɵͦõģԺҲҪТ˳ǡ
Ϻ͹ûһ㲻ĵģɶøжǺܿġ
ͬʱͷϺͬТ˳϶ҪТ˳ģ״֮Ȼ֮ǰϲ㣬ϲҲβ˵ģԺöǺãѻ˲Ǯɡ
ɵͷںûѵʱϺϰ˵Щ˶ء
һԵĴˣ۾ҵĸ죬Ǯ˼ҹ治һȻ󷽣һͻôӡ
ȴԺҪ͸ɵЩˣǰɵãһҺþͲ˵ˣĺҲܵ˰ɣҲֱ˴ˡ
΢΢ͷ֪˵
ȴĵģһΰ״ǼҴҲǣ֪״ǿǵϣɻȥͶ󴺸һЩأҪȥҩ֮״¡
صӣûеҾͱΧˡ
һúܣۼһ۾ͿɻˣҲĽѡ
Ҫúø˵˵ϵ¡Ŵ
εúܣ⻹ûؾͱʶˣȻûٻۣʵ˼ȴеġ
Ҳ֪ЩĽʹһҡ
ЩµĽʲģĵʵҲûʲôǰ׼˳ϸɵ˰״ϸɵҲˡ
ӡĽɵá
ЦˣҲðɣ״ʱǶЦ˼أ˵һͷ¶ʲôģ״һ͹ɲǾô԰ЩĽá
ߺһЩڣҲûĽġ
ƽЩϲӴҲˣ̰ЦеĳˣĽ״ôණҿ϶Ľúܣ԰һҲմһҵĹɣ׼Ҫȥѧҽ᲻ɼ࣬ҼҴȥҩõѧͽȼæɺʹ󴺶Ҫȥϡ
ΧŴĸ˶ˣӲĿŴǼҴ˰ȥϵѧͽǺ¡
ĵ
󴺱Ƚʵƽʱڴ汻˵ĵ¶úܣһҲüˡ
״˵ҼҴʵ̤ʵʵЩʱҲʵĸǿڶҲˣ̹
̾ϢһҼҶӾûôõˣĽǼҺ͹һҹϵá


110粨

Щ仯ô죬ǰһ̫ûƵ
ΪЩ鵹ǱĽˡ
״һҿɣ˭֪״Ǯ⸽õˣ״һֱҽ׬ǮȻ٣˵ҲǸּܻҵˡ
ɳǵŮȫˮǴ߰
˿ĽҲ˱˼
ڻû䣬Ҫ˵ˣҲ״մݹϵˡ
뵽һ㣬Ƶ뿪Ⱥ
š
ȥ˹̫̫ҡ
Ժ濳ݣɽ͹СɽӰ
˶֪̫̫һӲù֮ǰһĽ̫̫һӾ˺üӣûþˡ
ǰϻڴ˵ҪȢƨɴϱھϱǮûˡ
ҲкüûڴεˣǰӰȴһӵ͵
֮ĹϵЩ΢ô˵أֻҪǣĹϵ˾Ǻýãһǣϵǳҡ
ⲻŴϢĹҵϡ
̫̫ܲϲңΪһδԵìܡ
һͰһ۵Ҽʲô
֪ʱ϶£վŹ̫̫ЦЦȱ𼱣𻨽϶¡
̫̫һ룬չƢҪû»治
˵ʲô¡
Ҳ̫̫ĺҲϵ̬ȵһģǹ˰״Ϊɵ׼Ҳ˹޸ɵһҿˮǴ߰һ˼ҵСֻ˼Ҳˡ
˵껹Ŀһϣ֪ϻΪ˴ɵ⡣
̫̫ϲûе϶¶Цա
һֱıôʯȢɣû뵽ôȻôһס
Ҫʯ͹һˣô״һҸһҲһݹϵˣָܽŰ״Ĺȥɽ˵һŻء
ȥ˵Ļ˼ŵҲ̫磬֪һΰ״˭ŵѧͽô
Ϻ͹̫̫û뵽һ㣬ɻĿŹ˭
Щʵ󴺣һδǸһȥϣŻʱҫأ˵󴺻Ű״ѧͽһ˵õȮ졣
ܺڣôûиһҴùϵҪ˹ϵã˵ھӡ
ӵһӣӻһем
ˣҧڻйϵôҲֲ󴺰ﵱǻ治øǶϾϵ̫ˡ
ĥţҪ˹ϵãôҲֲ󴺲ǡ
ڵãûϱҲң˵ʵˣҲˡ
ѧͽհ״ҲÿٹǮɣҪǻѧܶණڴ浱ŴҲһ˰
ԽԽĻй̫̫
˵ʵˣԼӿôģôûôõô˵Ҳǹɽ͹СɽĶôûһ㣬Լֶȴմ״ʵġ
ǹһ֪̫̫룬һ̫̫Ҫ
Ҫ˷ŭͼʣҲĽ˼󴺰ϧϧԺҿɲһìˣҪǽһǼҷˣָմմ⡣
˰ʵġ
ֱתˡ
Ժ档
ݶҪҧˣߵ̫ˣôҲݰìҲüǳôòǡ
ʵǷˣѵȲˣ
̫̫úܣǺˣۿŹһԽԽùһ˵ԽԽ˵ĽǼٵġ
ǰТ˳ʲôóԵĵһ뵽ľǳҲһ
أȫˮݣʱȥûһãǰ˳Ķӣڿųˡ
Ĺ̫̫ˡ
ȻҲʣݹҲ塣
еĹصڵϣ˫֮͸һ䡣
ľǹ̫̫𣬴սôƻġ
ϲĳ
̫̫ԽԽȥȡõĺôҲࡣ
̫̫ƺһЦǷӿҵġ
ûзģӵ˶֪Ƿǰġ
뵽÷ΪѹһңҲҪӣǷӾҪҲҪǮ
ҪһᣬҪǹȥ״˵ùСɽŰ״ѧҽĻᡣ


111С˼

ǰһ̵ģѾʼڻҪ˻жĺô
ܹ̫̫ôյӮҶ
̫̫ǰζ̫Сƹˣŵ³ʦûһá
Ҫȡ֮ǰĽѵһôҲ׼˲ȥ
㼱ʲôǼµôදӿôܽѵǼˣʲôңô˻ҪЩ£ⲻΪϱĲְ
ЩյĽѵϣϸо޴档
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ϵɫͻָֺõŹֱ̫̫۵ⲻô߶ͣôĵ¾Ͷˡ
̫̫ƺһһϣΪҲ֪ʲôɽСɽĻ²ţ˵ˣֻҪùɼ޸ʯ͸ɽһź£ֻҪɽˣСɽǶԻһ
֮ǰϺ͹̫̫֮Ľס
һһصҾͰԺŸˣ˶ʲô˼ǶʱҪȥ˵϶˶ʺޣʵʵڼұȽϺá
ϰѹɵİù򿪣ɫȹҲˣȹҲ̫˰ɣҳ޵ʱûôء
һЦȤڿԴ
ϰһ۹ɣ⺢Ӿ֪ЦҲˣҲǺȹ׵İɡ
ɵͷںһӺȹӾһġ
һģȹӵȵ׵ʱ򴩣黨Ǹƽģ˵ͷʵ̫ˣһŮӵӶû
еΣǰȷ̫һ㣬ҲֵûǮ򣬴Ǵͷ϶黨
ɴûϺ͹˼ЦϵֵǵûŶŰǼҺԺһúТ˳ġ
òװһȺ˻ؼңȥܾ֮Щ
һϡ
һӣ͵ͻȻһ£ŻʱҵңҪ˵һȥʲôʱһû⣬һʱ뿪ˣȥĻǼҵķ򣬹֮ϵãָȥ˵˴Ҫȥϵ£Һ¹̫̫ǳ֡
һͬʱһá
ϵϺ͹̫̫Ƣʵ̫˽ˣ˿϶ưոݵģһֳ۶ӣôǺá
һֱϲһκǣ
ȴοģһжأҪȥ֮Կ
һһԲߣվ˵
ƾˣϿʼ˵ֲһֱŹ̫̫ȴû̫̫£Ҳ˾ĥŻһˡ
ʱ򲻺˼ȥʱо˲١
ȴҪȥҲȥһڼҲģҪȥҲãסĵط
һȥǸ˴˯һһҪȥϿ԰˯԰˯Ҫǹȥ˯ˡ
̫̫л˼ʱ򣬹һڼҿ϶ܡ
̾ϢһҪҲȥˡ
ǺȥĥһڻȥҲ̫ʡ
ɺ͹ȴϻȥ
òȥ˼ôҲҪȥ˵ô㶼ûмˣʱȥˣǿֻȥҲУȰɽҩֽҾȥϣȻЩһңôûлȥɲܿ֡
жúܣô˵ķȫĸ
лл֮ȫŨ⡣
ɸоܺãô󴺸ҲȥӦӦǾǵˣҵʱͲûæʱסһʱ䡣
һڶúܣ̫̫϶Ƕ˭֪ʲô˼
ô˵Ҫţ˿ܴ⡣
ɽҩ׼ˣֲʱڵںŰɽҩֽȥһɳֲɽҩҲԺڡ
Ӽѷˮأûܿϧоˮá
ɰɽҩڿſӡ
һˮźܾ÷ˮãǼǲǸͷ㿴ͷˮͶˣƽսҲ㹻ˣ˲кճɡ
Ľͷ
ͷҪǮʡԼˣҲûιĵط
һֱš
ڼֲ˻ƾɽҩﻹҪֲʳͻȻ;÷ˮˡ
ȴüﲻʺƽҲ㣬ˣʱҲ⣬Ҳô࣬˾ҪݣҪʳ࣬鷳һ


112

Ȱ˵嶯Ǽȫʺۣô죬аˮҲһҪǿȥɽϸݣȻ󶪽棬Ҳһġ
εĵһ۹ɣǲǲ볶ݡ
֣ɲǰңôڿô᲻볶ݣ˵ʵǼʲôطʺ
ҲŹ⡣
һֱЦˣ˲˵˲ŵǼҵȷʺڲʺϣ̫ˣסǿﻹеطȦ
ҲΰĻһ룬ôҪͷͷѹ˻ȥʵǼ̫ʺˡ
һؾˣʱȴææ
ǿؼң˾Ȼˡ
վǷŭҲ̫ˡ
ʯʲô񶼲ȻⰡϹԴ˫ĿϹҲʯˡ
ڻ޳ܵף˭ǵ
ɫһ䣺̫ˡ
ѷͰһߡ
ҲųͷϣɺܲȥջǸһ뿪
ںȻվԱߣʲôҲ㡣
ЩҪĶֶš
ɵͷûоܾȴô¡
ǻصʱſַǷˣ˺ܶ࣬Ƹţ˵¡صúܡ
ʯվȺǰ棬ɵվţһվûվ࣬ûƦӡ
ʯûһøУ̫ҪҲûеߡ
֮ǰҰ״ҽݵʱͿˣʯѹʲôöֶף˭
վǰ棬ϴҲǾ׼ģ˿ں͹ִ̫̫ʲô˵úСó̫̫ƺ
λ̫̫˿̸˼˵ù̫̫ùɼ޸ʯû뵽ϾȻˡ
ʵҲԼС˼̫̫ͨĻøɽһףûʲô飬Скµʱţû´ȥȻɽɲں
Դˣ״˹ΪŮǴ˶֪ˣҶ˵ǹɵĸܶ˶ڰĽ˵ɺˡ
ﻹ̣Щ˷Ӧ֮ǰװֻȷ˳ΪǼҵϱ
ղҲҪŪˣƸˣһѵĶ
˿Ѿ嵽Ⱥǰ棬ϾͺϽĶ̧ߡ
ôԼŮ޸ʯˣʯʮ˭֪ǸӣȻŮʵǿ
ϵɫһ䣬Ц⣺Ҳҿųġ
˭㿴ųģҪҪǳ⡣
ϼ޹ʱˣпųһ˵׽ҲһһĴʰ
ﲻȻЦ
һĵ⻹ô׽ˣʯҪȢɣҲ򿴿ԼʲôС
˵ѹͲô룬һʵ̫ڣȻȢɣΪ̧ƸŹɾҪӦˣ棡
϶ʱϲˣվһֱû˵ϻˣʯףԼӱ˵ộǰһָŴıӾͿķӣǾû˯ô˵˵
ĿϲȰðĹצջȥǰƿɱҰ۶ˡ
ϱڣҲǶÿɫģģһ֪ǸݲӣҪ˳ԿĿԼ
ȻջȥûӣӲͷƤ˻ȥ
Ǳˣĵ˵˵ǰˣᣬɲǹҴ壬Ǵˣϼ
֪ϲǴĶ̧֣ͷⲻ±£ҵǹϡ
͡һЦ˳˵Ҳû˯أѵͲҺõøһһϼ¾ҵ£ҿϵĴ㣬Ҫǲʴ˰֤ҹϵǲǺõúܡ
´һһ룬ץһѹһ߿һߵҪǱҹܹҵǻ˵һ£һôھӣҲһ𳤴ģⰡҹϵĺõúܡ
˵˵Ķġ
ԾܹҵҲûʲô
ϾЩҲסǵϵϵٺûܸˡ


113¸

žϵãҲûȨ˼ҵĻ²ǡ
һԵ˵ҿܲӵĻҪģ˵ôϻϽǵĶߡ
϶ȴҺǳ⣬ϾǹɵأҪǵ¾ˡ
ʯۼ⿴վȺĹɣϽǰҪסȴֱӵ˹ǰ棬۾Ŀʯ
ñֶţŲӡ
˵ʯֶõ˻Ȣɣǳʲô
̫̫ʱվһۿһУҪ˺ٵԼôǰһжԼе
һϷ̫̫
ϴ˿ҲգϿңһǳ׵ģƸҲǰչõģǼҰʯʱǵƤ˵㣬ǺˣֻҪ޸ǼҰʯ಻ġ
ֻЦһ
ȴֺˣ˵̫̫Ҿ곤ͲĥˣûĶߣﶪ˺òãΪϡƸ񣿡
ʲôЦʯˣٶƸҲܰѹɼ޸
ϴ˿񴺻úܣҪǴ̫ˣȫˡ
Χ˺ѹѹһƬˣ˿ôҲ̹
ɿһԼΣ㿼ǿ˵ĻֻҪҵͷǼһʮӡ
˵仰ֻۣӶ˵ģڲһҪһͲˣ˵ʮӹġ
ϵ뷨Ǻܺõģʵȴǲпġ
Ȼ˶ھ۾ûգһ£ֻǱеĲмȫûΡ
䳰ȷ㻹ʮӻȥɣôƸָٹԴҪ޸ʯظϽ̧Ƹߡ
ҲƸ¶ܴӦ
еǶԷƷ׵ǺܺõСӣôܻῼǿǣʯĻǺԥľܾһҩõͺ£ƢһЩõˣ΢һ㣬ʯʲô鶼пܡ
Ʒв˵ˣôðŮ޸
ٶǮܴӦ
û˿ء
Ļǹǰʱ̫̫ȻС֪˵ʲôƾԹ̫̫˽⣬Ȼ˽ºϴʲôȻϲˡ
ɵһӾ뵽ˣ϶Ϊɵ´ʲôһҲΪɵ
Թ̫̫ʧѾ˹ȵס
ϺϵҲ˵ôˣϽ̧Ŷ뿪ҼŮޣֻŮԺҲøչ
ϼˣҪ˿ûˣΪʯŮ
һҰ˲ͬ⣬˵ʮӵƸˣһҶĶô˵Ҳܳˡ
ùģѿ
һϣ̵ȻǶ˵ˣҲֻˣʯ߰ɡ
һԵʯ۾˹ɵϣԽǻҩõ£ԽԹȤ
һڱصãȴûȻȥ
ͷͳϵȥ
֪ԼӵС˼Ҳֻˣ²ɣھ͸ȥ˵һŸõ¡
ʯȴҪǹɿɲǱ˰ôҲҪ˵ɲǡ
ԽԽ֮ǰûעһ㣬ϸһɵ泤ˮ顣
ҲҾҪȢɡ
󴺶ŵϡޡһΡ
˶Ц˾ǿ׳һʯ
˭֪ԼŮúܣǰ᲻ùһ£ȻȫѹɵɱڹɳϢˣ޻ѼҸɵˣôȢȢġ
֮ǰһҲŻûʵ˼ҾͲѹɼ޳ȥŮ
ʯ˭ҰŮ޸
ȻˣƢˡ
ҲǵһμʯȻŤŤҲ̫ʲôˡ
ʯϺ϶û˵˼ʱˣˣ־ҪץɣֻûץؾͱһĿ
ҾֶţҪٶݹҲôʯ˫ɡ
һ˺ܴ۵ʯһʱˣȻҶ֡˵Żֱۡ
˿㶯զˣҾͶ㶯ˡ
ʯŹ֣ѵʯ


114ֱӾܾ

ϵĴʯҪʱסϽһȥҪٺҾͲĻ£ԺһҶܡ
вʯϾ¿Ǽûκһϣ
ɲϲʯҲһҡ
Ѿû˵ȥıҪʮӶ򶯲˹Ҳֻ˵һҸû˼
̫̫ʱȴϵ˵ǲɵġ
ЦϵģҲϾȻôӣʮӳƸҲ˵ϲֹʮӡ
ɫ΢䣬Թ̫̫ǲϲǧû㵽һѹӡ
ǻɱˣֻº޲ϵͷӦ
￴ЦȢϱҲȢ߹̫̫ɪģ
̫̫ٺЦҲһ˵㿴ȢϱҲȢϱ϶ǻ˱Ӧˡ
⻰ѿ
ϵɫڵף̫̫Ȼ
㲻ǲûдӦҪ󡣡
̫̫üƻ˵ģϧҲҪҵİ취ˡ
Ѿ׵ϨҪ˵׵˼̫̫ӺڱصãҲԴûȤˡ
ǿŤĹϲ֪ˡ
ʯ볳֣ȴӴϾ
ҲǴģ֪ǵˣǮá
Թ˵Ҳ򲻹󴺡
ϺϾ滰û˵ֱ̧Ŷ뿪
һƵÿ죬ȥҲ졣
̫̫ûϷҪߣȴס
֮ǰʲôƻϣ㶼һһ֣ʲôֵ飬ݹҶ㲻
ھ̫̫
ɾӣκ˺ɡ
̫̫е죬ھ
ܾȣϾǺģ˵ʲô˵Ķŭˡ
˻ûߣܶ˶֡
ʲô˼̫̫õ
Щ䣬ĵֻҪ֪Ҳκ˺ɣ˺ɵҲ̡
˵ϻйɾͽԺӡ
˵Ļ˵̫̫ô밵£Ҳˡ
̫̫뿪ģص˫Ŀʧ񣬺ѾеˣŹһӽĺùŹԽԽأһֱŵĹɽ͹СɽֻԼ⼸ղڼҲΪǮȥƵˡ
Щ»ֻܱв˵ȥ
ɽ͹Сɽӵʱѹûм
ͻȻЩˣ½˶û˹ܣˣ޳ȥŮҲԸһۣΨһָֻй
Լô
һ۸ӣϻ֮ͽû
Źɽ͹Сɽһȥسǣȥʲô֪ЩҲ֪
ǱһԽԽܡ
̫үʱΡΡĽݣҲ˵ˣһӾ̾Ϣ˵ǲĴˡ
һʱҲԼǲʲô
ΪʲôǰôТ˳ĺӱòԸˡ
뵱ôԴôƽδ˵䣬˾ǳˡ
ƺһƿĹǰҲãܶԹԶǡ
أ֪ˣΪԶôĿ졣
̫̫̾ϢһǰŹˣųľģ⺢ӾͲ׸ı䣬Ҳǰ
ˣĺˡ
ûҩǺҩԲǲǺڣնزԭ㡣
͹һҵĹϵҲܸı˿
Ϊǰֽ־֤ݡ
̫үǵЩã˵Ժô죿
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ΪʮƸ£ܶ˼ҶĽúܣʯʱҲƲ졣
ֱֱҪҲôѡģʯǻʮҲԸŮ޸
ȴЦϧʱҪʯ곤ʮָ̫̫꣬ͰԼŮ޹ȥˡ
⻰˶һЦ̾Ϣһ
˭֪̫̫˵ǼŮʵǰŮȥģʨӴ󿪿ڵҪ˺ܶӣױȴûʲô
һӻ׼Ҳ޳ȥŮҲ˳ҡ
ĹˣѵǴģ϶ɺͰ״ˣýŶûҪֱ̧ףϹèӣҪǹʮƸͬأⲻ˲ãɳް״Ҫױɣǰմȹûǲû򲻵ͷҲʼͷˣϿ϶᲻øͷѶȻġ


115¾˾

ûõŮĽ
ͷ֮ͬ¶ĽΣӦģɻʱܴװĲֹһѰɡ
϶ֹһףǽİ𴺻ʱ˵ģһ׶ɫѣϵȵޣ⻹һأ˵Ѻλ˶ӡ
ӵ˵ţϢû֪أ˵ӡ
ĽѣѹֿʮӣҪҲϰѺξͻ˶ӣϹǧ㶼û㵽һ㡣
˻϶۽յ顣
椻صҵʱҲ۲ѡ
ɽԴµûʲô뷨ùôǶԵġ
ֻһֱЩﲻƽ˵ôôأƼͷϵ黨ûһνһ˳µϰ壬һҪʮǮͷĶ䰡ǰȹӺƯһҪٵӡ
ǰ棬ľǹɣǵǰͷʱڹǰҫ
أֵĽˣҵ˼Ǻֵġ
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˺ܶĻĳܶڼʣҲкܶڷ˼
Ҳƽ
ƻҵһ¶˾ģǲȥˡ
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Ҳڳˣÿµʱ򶼻Ϲɣ뿪ǵߡ
ҲɣͬʱҲЩ£ˣС˼
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ֻҪһ뵽һη¾ͺ£Ȱ˵ɲȥɽﰡǳʲôôǺá
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ǼҲҪҩ
ЩĹȥɽΣա
οĳŹЦЦǷ鰡һǶûɵҩǼҲнյİȣһֱ飬Ҫɽһԣ̷ɽʯһֱֻܳǲժȽѣҲû˸ҽɽȥ¸Ӳȥ
ʵҪһԿܲҵҵĻժ֮ȥ
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һͬˣɱϸһҪǳʲôô졣

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ҿˣҪɽҲУϴ󴺸绹д峤ҵӣϾ˾˺ͱһҲ߸ˣϵмʯһϲڱȽϳʪϣȻЩʯҲǻ׼ûѣ˳̷ɽСϪɽ
֪ԼƢҪɽһҪģ˭Ȱ˵ƶûá
ȻȰ˵ˣ󷽷ȥ
ϼ˶Žţ⺢ôһ֡
̾Ϣһûֲ֣ǲ֪Ƣ˵ҪģǼӹǸ˼ң˼ҲҪʯһһûɵҲ֪Ĳ˻費Ҫ
һֱųԶ˶ͦõġ
ծû
϶֪˵ʲôˡ
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κ˳¡
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ҽɽܴԣӻҰء
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ЦеĴӴ峤һӾ֪˵ˡ
ʵ˿ɽɽƲӵʱܽɽԶԸɽϾԺԳԣƤëܻǮ
ҼһӶرùһʾ֭׬Ǯ
ѾȰ˵˺ü˫£˶һҪȥ


116¸Žɽ

Ϻܼȫ˵˴죬Ƥĥ˻˵ˣ
˵ôôִأ˵ɽΣյúܣȥ껹˺üˣôΣҲȥ
˫ĵİοϣµģҽɽô㿴һ鶼û˵Ҳöˡ
Ҳùòõһжƻˡ
òУһ˶Ȱ
һصңϾͺɵĺ£Ҫǳҿô
˵˲¾Ͳ£ôͲ˵ĻأҲҪ˵
ҲеΣȴůůģ֪ϱ
ϻô죬ֻ׼սɽĳʳ
ɵ˼ȴҪŽɽ
ͱܾˣҽڣ˵ҶȥģʯǡʶԹԵڼ
ɽ·ЩΣգзȥҲЩɻ䣬žСϪ
СֵѾ׼ˣÿ˼϶źܶණѣв񵶡
ϰһͷڹϣһҪעⰲȫǶҪƽ
ջûԸԳŽɽֻڼĵĵš
һγ˵ҵλãǳǱſһŴЩӦúܺҰɡ
ϵĵǣȴûе󴺵İȫȰ˵ôܳʲô£ǵ̫Сˣ밡ôˣ໥֮Ҳŵùģµʱ϶Ϻһ󽭺ʹҲóɳˣһֱɽУǻöö˰Ҷһѡ
˵ʵ˭ԼĺӣΪǿһҲҪȥΣվɲʲôϰߡ
Щֲ̿Ȼ˵һ̲סǡ
Ҳˣһ룬ǰ󽭲ҲɽͰһνɽƽʱһͺˣ̷ɽҲûô£һ˵ʮǰȥ̷ɽȥԼҺԺһΪʯ˶ˣʯûˣôûȥ̷ɽ
ҪһΣվͲȥôֻڼұ
ϴ糿һֱȵڣڹһ˻ˡ
ÿһжΪţҲһȦҰζ
Сֵܻһһ󴮡
еﶼڵϣСĴӲóժʯڵϣ֮ǰ˵ﲻܶǶƽ֣ҵһݾͲҪǷˣʯôҲҪ棬ֻҪ꣬ʣµǮǷˡ
ҪһҲҽɽЩӦõġ
ȴˣɲ밡ԺǿɲԸɽˣ˵ƽֵģʯⶫȫȥԣ˵ЩģֵܻѧôಶԵļɣҪǿͼˡ
ҲɲܲҪҪ㿴ɺã㻹ҪСֻҰãʯȥʣµɴҩʰ״ǮǮƽΡ
˫Ҳֵܸͬͬˡ
սǹһֻҰãֻҰ˶ֻҰֻҰ
˵ɽջǺܷġ
ֵܼϹֻҰãһʮֻҰãҰҲоֻǻûд򵽹ô
ҲûйҲôࡣ
ֵ߸˵ĻȥۼĿ˶
ɶʯȤӾʯͷ״˵̷ɽʯǮһֱܸߣЩǮ򲻵
Ҳ̷ɽⶫҲǼʮǰģǸʱ˼Ҽһɽʯ
ΪҪˣû˽ɽˡ
룬ԶԶǶȻĴԣȥɽġ
¶ڹߵ˵ЩʯǮ
ȴҡͷҩòûζҩǮǲӵ֪
֪ϣһüǮ꣬ҲֻʣˣҲ֪٣ǽɽʯ಻
ܺ棬̷ɽʮǰҾˣҲ֪ʮ᲻
ƴҡͷͲ࣬⼸껹±ҵģ˺ôأѹûУ˺ܾöû
˵źҪǶĻҲôˡ
̾ϢһĲժ̫ˣ⼸Ҳá
˫Ѿڰӡ
¼˸Ͻô
ҰļǮȻǺܹ󣬵Ͼడ˻һ׻ǿԵġ
˫ЦҰҰöˣùð±þֱ±ջؼҸ̳ԡ
ЦеģǺȼȥһ̳ơ


117¶

ΪմԵ£û뵽һкüǽɽ
ǴԻֻҪһɽԲֻؼҡ
ܶ˶һ㣬ԵһЩֶֻܿ顣
Դ˶ԹĴԼܳݡ
кü˶СֵضˣϾȥˣֵ˵඼ǹġ
ⲻһͲðˡ
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˫ʱǼģҲ֪ʲôطģڣžŹȥһ˰ǣһؾ͵úüʱ䡣
±õҰľͰڱϴ·ؼҡ
˼ˣܵЩô˼Ҳǡ
Щ˵⼸ûʱ䣬Ҫȥһˣһеһ˵ɺã
Ѿ׼·ҪԵĸŰһţŹˡ
䵽˫ϡ
ֻա
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֮ǰѯʹûʯ뵽ʮǰ;ˣû뵽ܿʯ
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״ģ·Сġ
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״ЦЦָָ̨ϵʯʯúõʰȥ˰ǡ
׼е㵣ģȥôԶٹһҪˣʱϵҰҹ
ǵĹɱȾϷ纮
״ЦЦµˣɾ˾˺͵ڣ˻һСģǼȥӦҪʯ͸֮ǰǼҵĹӸ硣
׼Ҳ֪£Ҳȥ
ǼλӰһҲͦģӦû顣
׼ʯúõʰȻʯô죿
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״ܴ֪ΪˣǹԼҲ
׼СʰãֿʼĹ
ߵĹһֱݳߵڣһĵطͣ˫ǣȥԲݣʼͷ
ɼŲһθҰ⻹ǹȥżҵʱ
ʵͦȤģΨһǵľ¶ˮأҪעⲻҪȾϷ纮
һϻǺܺðȥģбӣҲ䡣
ڶ·һСͣһ£һЩȻ·


118°

ڵհʱ֣ԶԶĿһǽ
ǽֺܻ꣬߸ߵĳǽɺܼôǵһǡ
ųſˣϸϼһӵ𾪡
ǰǡ
ʵҲǵһ˫ǰ
˫ҿջס°ɣ·Ҳˣ˳ҲϢһ£Ȼڰתһת
˳˫ͼ߹հ˹յȥһСҵһҿջ
ɴһƾﻹͦ
˫˩ЦȽϱˣһסҲʮǮһǵҪӡ
ǴҲܸ˯һˣҪСһһ
ϵĶɸ˫˿ջ
ջĻ治УСУɻŵһɧζֻҪʮǮһ룬ôİӦܱ˵ġ
ԼҵıӣɰѴ򿪣˫ڸڷ䡣
źöĹҹɡ
ȥȥ
е㼱Ҫ㴦ˡ
ȻȥɣҹųҲڼҡ
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ɰѱӷһԣͷЦôÆˣҵסǱ˵ſһŴ
ˣҲļңֻҪҵ͹ˡ
˫Щ׼ڼϢ
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˳ſջϰָ·һ·Ҳ·Ǻ˳ĵ˳
˵һſһŴ
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ºһЦСʳǲס
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һȥ̷ɽˣе˶֪
Ҳҵ˵ſڵһᣬҽȥһ¹ӡ
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ֱӳţһϲ
һ۾˹ɣҲа겻ˣɱ֮ǰڴӵʱͷ˲٣ҲܺãСұģǿ˵úܡ
С˵ʱһе㲻ţû뵽ǳ˰Ͻҽ
ʱ䲻ʱĻɡ
û뵽ɾȻ˰ǡ
ûнȥ˼ºһЦѲóݸ˳ȥȥɽѰʯûҵǰյȺɽȥ̷ɽ˼ʯҲ֪ڻ費ҪⶫŰɣʵĿʱʯϲʪһĵط
ʯ˳
ζû뵽ôԶҩģǸжɽôΣգԺĪҪɽˡ
һЦЩµģ˼һҽɽϧ̷ɽǱߵʯˣ˰ղҵ꣬Ϊ˸ʯģҪʱ档
Ҳû˼˼ҹضúܣܺʲôЦˡ
ȴùɺ͹ߣǿɲߣʯʵԶҪģڶҪҪ֪ôԶʯȻῪĵģߣҴȥ幫ӡ
ȴҡҡͷܾǾͲȥ幫ˣ˾˻ڿջأʯ鷳ӽ幫ˣʵǼǷǺܴһ飬ҪµļӣǼҿҲɢˣλӵĶ飬СŮӻġ
ˣҲܵɱˣô˵أ֮͸ŴҹϢ֪ģۣôС;ô£Ҳ֪ʱ侭ʲô
Թ˼֡
Ȼǲɺ͹˵ġ
ɲаôԶǣôҲҾһµ֮갡
ǸģʱҲ廰ҪǲӦǼҹӻĵġ
ɺ͹ˣ˵뷨һ˶뿪


119¥

ȴȰ˵ôҲһ𹲻ѣҾǳһٷɺãǧҪܾ˾סʲôطȥһ𡣡
˵С˵ȥԶԼƺλȥ¥
С˵Ͻ뿪
ַԸһλСˣҪ˿ջַȥ˫
ɺ͹ֻܿɬһЦųһȥ¥
ɳԼûˣܶණûģڴϿźܶϡĶ档
ǰ·ŹɶʲôӾúÿɰ
ʱʱĳһ᲻ߵĹɣŸŮˣͻȻЩĽû
ȴĵİѹɸȤĶ
ǵһǿԶ漸հҪǹԸͿԴߡ
ȴźҡҡͷͻ뿪ﻹкܶҪء
Щ᲻ãһǾԶ漸գҪǵûסĵطһõԺӡ
ɶ֪ôˣҪǳ̫һ㡣
¥еùɺ͹ӣûôôûʵľ¥
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ҧҧиǼᶨһҪ׬ǮõϺӣѾСź򣬽ľ¥õӡ
ĳͣһСЦеǰк
ֱӰ˴˾¥Ķ¥
ţɿд֣ųһ˷䡣
˵ǹ͹ɼĵطһŴʯԲԱǺÿĹĶգǺ¿ţĶϻ͵ĵӣӲرĽǶŻܣϷǽֻŵжһ˿ܰ˾ִٲ¡
к̫Ҳˣʲô
ҡҡͷܳԱӾͺãǲ̫һ㡣
óһٷֵûܶӣⲻǷˡ
һӵݸɣԵһҪЩǳҵĲҵʵϻ˶Ǯ
զ࣬û뵽ôľ¥Ȼǳҵģǰջϰ˵кܶҵǳҵġ
ǳҲ̫Ǯ˰ɡ
оܲڣҪǴûȻǮҲû뵽Զ֪ҵĹӣڴ˼ء
һ뵽ͺա
뵽ǰɾ˵Ҫ׬Ǯǰ˵Ҫ׬ǮˣûʲôʵʲôҪæĵطԸ˵
ɣҲ֪ΪζԹɺܺ档
ºһЦҧŹӳţҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ҹϵİ״ѧϰҩҲѧʶ֣ʵû׬Ǯֲ˺ܶҩģλȥ֮Ҳŵɽҩ
˵ܺãֻҪŬһϺӡ
ⱲӶȲϳңô˵ֻҪͨԼŬʵ㹻ˡ
׷ˣֻҪѡһ·һҪߵ
ȴ΢΢ü뵽ɽôΣգȥɽȺһĻǰ
ɽΣգɲԲҪɽҩкܶŵ۹ɣ뵽ôСѾͷȻô࣬Ҳиµã۵ǼӵʰÿǼҳׯֳӡ
أͿʼ׬ǮңԼϺӡ
ʵ׳ҪͶ̶̵ļ仰Ҫ˼ֻҪڣȻ޷˵İʵǲ鷳ˣǷ顣
ˣ˴˵ĲѶĸʡ
ųºһЦллӵĺ⣬׬ǮŵˣǽҩݣҾʹġ
ھܾˣеʧ䣬ϵҪɵģɲæһЩӴġ
ҪдùɣͷŹһЦŴѧϰǲҲҽ
ɲ֪ôشǻβǻؼҲûţʱʱῴ飬ûиƹҲˡ
ԣôش
Щ˼ɶһЩҽûиƹҲ㲻ûҽ
֪Ҫʲôش𲻻϶ȷģҲ㿴ˣɲ̫ǣ
Զʱ򣬹ɺ͹ò֪˵ʲô
Ϊ֮ЩԶʱ򣬹ɸ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰڴǲ֪˵ݣ֪ˣ𣬵Ϊж


120Զ

Զ˵ʱ򻹲ţС˵ҩĵģһ˿ж
ԴӵǼ»£Թҵİмû˿ԥ¥ſڵʱȴƺ͵С˵ƺ²ǰ
ԶϸĿһ۹ɣֹɱһμҪÿ˲٣ҪԲ٣뵽϶Ǽˣ֪Ϊһ
ʯԶôԶʯģҲˣɽôΣգôԶ
ʵԶһ飬ϹɲҪæԶȴ֪ӣ˺ӡҲշһ
ԶʯܸммʯͳŹһлл塣
ʯ㹻мˣ֮ǰɽΣҲ˹
Զ͵һ۹ɣɺܽţ΢΢ü
·;ôԶôġ
ɲ֪ΪΣԳʱûôѹԶʱѹر
Ǵ磬ԶĸоǶѩ̹ǡ
ӴľǳԶԶ뿪ʱµǮԶҲܸм
ƫͷʱԶĿԡ
Զ˲٣Ź΢΢ͷ
һٶýŵĹɷ˲٣ĵһ˾˽һǾ˾ǵġ
һۣ·ûסջ뵽ǹһûӣһΪʡǮסջ
ҡҡͷ·ǶкúϢģ˯ϵҲ̹
ջȷܹһ·϶ʡʡصûʲô˼ģԼǮҲûʲôԵġ
ۣȥͱίԼˡ
Զʱ˿ڣסͦΣյġ
һ˪ԶȻǣͦġ
ʱ˿ڣһλȥ鷳ǰæСֽ
ȥӣһֱΡ
ɺԥĴӦˣʱ˺ֽܶ˷أǰģӦǵǶȻġ
ĹӺͣӵ˶ģԶֽʲôĺ⡣
ԶͳôӣһҶԶŵˡ
̧ͷ˵ߵʱ˺ܶӣЩӵȵ׬ǮһỹǵģһҩΪǼǷ̫Ķ飬ҪΪµӣֻǼҾɢˡ
˵Щ¹ⲻõ
Զͳܺ澿ʲô£رǳ۹ɲС
˵˵ʲô£ܵǵʵ
һԵĹ̾һӻŲңż򵥵İ龭˵һ顣
ԶüͷšֻҪϤ˶֪ŭˡ
ֱǱף̫޳ˣôϾͲʲôˣԼӶûȥأôܶﵽӣһ˾ǼǮۿҲûӣӱǱǵģҲΪϵǮˣǵĶܺģ㲻Ҫڼϡ
һԵͷҪǻǮ̫ˣҪǮʯôҲҪˡ
Ǹ취ʯļֵɱǼӹˣҪҪǮôʯǾ͸߼ˣҲùɳԿ
ԶʱվӵĪҪˣ֮Ҳѣ֮Ӿˡ
ðɣ⻰ùе㲻֪˵ʲô
ܺЦЦúãǲӡ
ڴʱţԶӦһ֮󣬾ͼһλ˫ˡ
˫е㲻ģһǾ֪¥ʲôطˣطһٷ͵úüӿɲˡ
ǺĸС¥û뵽ڷл˹ɺ͹ŵһĺôˣȻ˵λӵ֣ȴǵһμ
һݾͼλĹӸ磬ʵЩ¡
վſڲ֪ôֽŸоҲطš
˫˿̵ĸܣǰ˾ҸܣλӱҾĶˣλǳӡ
Žһ飬˶ϵĳ˫ͷ
˫ǸоλһǺбµˣȻôº͵ĵͷôŶλ̫ƽ׽ˡ
ǰǮ˶۸ڶģѹƲˣһνǻ㴳Ǯˡ
ڼλӣһ֪ģЩܳ
Ͻ˫£ǰĿǹɵľ˾ˣСžţһʹֺùɵ˿ʼ
˫Ŀ˹һۣʾϽ£Ų¡


121¾

˫ǵһμǣкǿңôĵطݸ룬Ϊɺ͹ֻһҲȥ
Сʱݣ󻹸⼸λ˲˵ѾߣһµĲ˱ϣ˫͹۾ֱˣЩʵ̫ˡ
ԽǿЩԽǼԼҪŬһҪü˹Ϻӡ
ˣֻλѾߣ˶£к¡
ϺõĻƣѾֱӿʼơ
˫͹ǺܰȾƵˣž۾ֱˡ
ζ֪ǺþƣǻûŹôġ
к˺ȾƳԲˡ
ֻôЩнɺܱŤĸԶһҲ֪Զ⻹Ҫһġ
кŹ˫һҪ㶨ɵļˣһԵԶ˺ȾƵʱ򣬴սɶ㳤ˡ
ԶɵĶܽȺӹɵĶ䣬ǵùһһ죬˲ͺ쵽˶
֪ΪʲôԶǰòȻƺ˵ûˡ
о̣ͷԺܶࡣ˵ˣô˵ԼԷ࣬Ҳ̫ûˡ
ڴӵʱôͲԶ뿪ôټȴˡ
ԶȻ˹ɺĶССĶֻÿɰúܡ
ûôĹ۲һŮӣųӽŮӣⰲҪ޸Ĺܶ࣬Ωùرġ
Թ֪ʲô̬ȣԼ˹ɲϲˡ
Լ̬ºһһã̫ˡ
ͷܲȻĹɵ˵ͷҾԡ
Զ΢ˣǰڴɵʱ;̫СˣôСֻôôж־ԽԽůƺɽһڻ
ͻȻܵģĹ˵һ£Ͼմ˵׵ͣҲСˡ
ùһڹУһۺȾھ˵ˣٴοɵʵûи˵ף
֮ˣµõҪĴ𰸡
е죬֪ԶΪ⣬ҡҡͷҵӦҽ겻˵ףҾҼǸ˭Ƶ𰡡
˵ԳһЦʵΪ̫˵Ҳ˵ʲôõġ
ңҪ˵׵ģ඼ǿڰ״ķϣͼҲǼױϲôɵ
ԶôͻȻȤʵʵ˵
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΢΢ͷͷԶһͷͿе⣬Զеġ
ĳԣò˵Թζġ
ڼ˳˷βűģ˵¥һĲζ
Ǯ˵ĺܺãĽĵҲŬ׬Ǯ
ԶɰеˣЩ죬ûԼȹǰأΪɵһССٶЩѳֲסԼġ
Źɳô㣬̲סָм˺ܶ⡣
һ㣬̫ˡԶԼû仰ǹġ
һɿЦãΪܳʱ٣˹ڻ߼ˣƽϳԲ⣬Ǻ⣬ôôԡ
Ҳ̧֪ͷԶҡҡͷҼˣҳԲôࡣ
Զȴɵģһ鼦̫˱ԡ
ʢȴֻſĳš
ѾȵЩˣŹֱ۾͵ɽҪǳֻǶ棬ҵľˡ
ܺãѵúȵôõľƣһֱƷ˿˵İڰ֣ĪҪ˵ǲɽеΣգҰӦõġ
ҲһԸм˿̿ɣŹ⣬ЦùҲš
ǰ붼ѾװˣһЦ
˿ȴЦɶһ㡣
Ŀ϶ϣԼŮԶ㣬һ㣬Ϳ˹ɣֻӲͷƤĳġ
Զɳ⣬ƺԼ⻹Ҫġ
һٷѾʱ֣űãԵرıûôвˣĲ˺ȫǳԶеġ
Щˣûǹɣɵܲܶ漸ա
ĥţҪǹڰǶ漸գܸɶദ졣


122Ҫ뿪

Զ˿ҲѵһΣҪ¶漸ߣ
ʹͷǰǰǾ¶漸գкֵܶĵطѵһΣǾͲҪŻȥˡ˵⻰ʱҲ˹˫
˫˺ܶƣȴѵģһЦллǵĿҲЦһٷһȥþˡղھͷֳǺܺ˵֣ҺͣŸ˵⻰ǣ¥ԷֻҲֻһˡ
ЦգҴȥȺþơ
Ҳȥһٷͳ˺üӣôþƣ˲̫̰ģؼЩǷ£֪ô
ҲܾлλӵĿǾҪ뿪ˣûտʼղġ
Զ֪˵ģܾöˣҲ֪ҲûԵǽסӵĿջҸλź÷ΣҪϣλһҪӦҡ
ϿңôùסԱӵĵطС˷Сǰ˵ˣǿջסʲô˶С
һκѣ֪ҪڲӦֻ߲ˡ
ᳶ˳䣺˾˾ӵİŰɣôɾлˣллλӵĿҿ۽أû뵽˻ôóԡ
Ѿˣ԰˵Ҳص
Եĵ̺ܶ඼˵ֶģڽ
ɺϲ̫һھͼžоһ߽ڰͻᱻڰûϲֵĵط
Դȥ˲Զľ¥¥ϣ֪ջܺá
˿ϵȿͷ˫Ͼ˾ƣС˴¥˯Զûߵ˼ѾˣϢһΧ¡
ԶɫƽеĲᣬʲôʱ뿪
ɵʱְɣЩȻ뿪
ʶ˰ǵķڴԵĸо˸طĸ룬Ƕ˵Ǯϲеǰ⻰ĵˣֻҪûӣζûġ
еҪ뿪Ŭ׬Ǯŵһǵʱһŵġ
Щź漸յģҲգһǵʱһҪƻա
ԳʱǺܴģЦŶԳͷõģһһƻա
ɲ֪ЦһԵԶĲ̹ôʱͺµĵͷ۶ҿһۣԳʱȴЦеġ
ͻȻоѹһʯͷܡ
رĹɽļƻҲǹɵĻµһ˵̫ף
ɵͷҵҲͬˣӦһʱ䡣
Զжһ˿Σֻ˶ΣڵĹѾо֮ĲͬڴӵʱԶɲ̫
˶˵˼ȴ˿ûƳǱġ
˺һᣬͻȻ˵ҩ棬ҼҲҩãҲڸչҩģҾǿһҩҼȫԡ
֮ǰΪҩĸôȥĹɣΪҩȥ۴˾˵ĹɣĻ֮ǰһ˶ˣĹ˰
˫εĿų˵ĵ档
ҲʼӴ⣬ܿ϶ĵͷЦºͣȻ棬ҿɲƭ㣬ֲҩǼõģǸûֲҩĵˣǼҵҩãĲҩҪֲˣܶҶչһ裬Ƕˣǻȥ뷨ܺãֲҩľǰ;
ŹɣĵҲɣȻܹ뵽һ㣬ߵŮȫֻ֪۽Σ޳УڹѧܶܶĶ
ܵ˹裬ĵ׸ǻϲ
òˣǰһֲҩȥô죬ɵ˵ҪңҲرг仰͹ˡ
ĵŵʯͷˣεɽвҩҲʱȫƺҩֵشǿֻܶ࣬Ҫ׬Ǯ˼Ӿͺùˡ
ҲÿԴɻĳԲҲõĶ˼ûʳô졣
Զʾ֭Լܰʲô춼ûеǷϣֻܵҪֻ˵
ɱܵЩԶ˵ͷ


123С˼

Զͳһ˵뿪ĻջʱҲҪˣֻ뿪
˵ĥ˵ģӴӻʱǲûɣʵҲ˼ɡ
ȥҹɣֻһεӰ̫ˣһˣѹ뿪ǣ⼸ǵĳŶûƻŵȵȥ˾ȥҹɣ֪˰ǡ
ҲɵʵԶıҲܿóϲɵġ
ԽŻ˶ڳ
߳ջԶһ۳Ҳϲɰɡ
ЦЦûзϣ֪Ҳϲɡ
˶֮ǰղģԶͱһ㴰ֽҲֻҪ̬ȣõȴĬϡ
Ƴһ۳ͬȢһµĹ
֪ʲôӵˣҪͬȢɣֻǲܵ¡
һЦҲûͬȢɣӻҵĸɣҿ֪Ҫ˵ҵǧ𡣡
Զǰߣûѡŵô᲻ͬأȢޣȵɽֻͺá
⻰һҡҡͷ㲻˽ɡ
֪ǸѾͷƢ룬ԲѡС檣ҪȢɣһޣȻ⻰϶Զǰ˵ֻҪȢҲЩѣڴ֮ǰᾡһЩ׼
ԶͳߺҪ¥ЪϢȴƹǰֺãһĵģû뵽СȻʶӺ幫ӣʲôϵ
ջʵҲǳҵĲҵƹǻȥȥҹʱԶԶĿһ۳ǳҵĴӣҲδҵĽӰˣҼλöȻǳġ
ֺǺбҪģҳ˭֪Ƣ˭ҵĹﶼϡ
Ȼ׽ɣǰλòŴͨĹΪλõԶ˿ҹ˵ҲǺˡ
ɺЦһƹ񣬵֮ǰλйһذĽһΪ£֮䲢ûʲôϵȻ֪ƹΪҪ̬ȴʵʵ˵
ԶǺܺõĺˣҲǿ֪֮УҲλʲô鷳
ƹһ˿ź
΢΢ͷ֮¥
ҿջǰһõģ϶֮ǰСǼҺúܶ࣬СǼҿջһɧζм仹һùζⷿȴˬɾϵıҲǸɸɾ
һǽеı棬ĺ
ˮϴϴϢ
յȷҲˣ¶ҰʪأҲȫչϺӲ
ϰѵӵĶ֮˴Ŵã
˯ܺãڼ˯û͵ĴɾıӻͷҲģĻúܶࡣ
ԽԽĽЩǮˡ
ɿţŹ΢΢һЦ˯úðɣջסǲǺ
ʵ⻹ǹһסջȻ֮ǰСǼҲ㡣
һЦ˯ñȼﻹҪھͺˣǮ˼ҵӹĺ̹ҿջ֮ǰСǼҺ̫ˣжġ
˫һӳĻȤɲǣжģ˵СǲһҪӣ
ɺ͹ҡҡͷһãȻĿ˫
˫ʿˮһصⱲסõĿջˣһǮİ
ˣɴ۾Ϳ˫Ĳô
Щˣ֮ǰСҲŶʮǮȻҪģ̫˰ɣҲ̫˰ɣİƽסĶЩʲô˰
ǮǰǼһˣȻҪôǮǮ˵ȫⲻˡ
ʱع˫һʿˮһŵģҵ찡סһҴһ˰
Ǯ˵治Щģĵš
˫ŵ¥ԷҴˣջֻ¹Ҵһꡣ
ǰţ¥˷ҲǸˣû뵽ջ𾪸
ȻԵĲ˺ܺã֪Ǯֻ֪¥ԷĶǴǮˡ
סջ֪ǮģͻȻһ£С˵ѳ緹Ͻʰʰ¥
ѵľͺãɺ͹Ͻʰ
ʵҲûʲôתһȦݡ


124Ķ

˫˵ջǮ֮ľͲƽΪǷǵ鲻أջȻ󣬿ʼСķһʮǮһЩһĹƾ͹ˣû뵽ȻҪǮ
¥û뵽ƹȴЦеӭĵʵ̫ԡ
ڹõԶϵһ֮ĵеʧ
ֻû뵽ǣһԶȴ˶Ҫǹϵһôණ
ôõĻᣬȻҪֺֺãС˯˰һ幫ӻгӣ˵һҪС㣬˵СǵѾһ¡
͹⻰סˣ˳ƹ߿ȥǡÿ̨Ϸӡ
ӲǺܴ󣬵ӷ𾪲ѡ
ǳӺ幫͹ģԽԽŪԶͳҪʲôԷסջҲˣͶΪʲô
ʲôö¡
һ۹üͷҲ֪ⶫǲҪģͷƹǸ֪ܲ鷳ƹͻȥ
Լһͻȥ϶ã˼ľ棬ͳȥĶһ㶼ûջĵ
ҪƹӦȥͺܺýˡ
ֻǣ⻰һƹͷֱӾܾҿɲܰС㣬Ȼ͸ģҪȥҲҪȥ
ɸΪѣΪȥŰƹġ
ƹܾô죬һĿƹƹæɣҪҸӡ
ƹȴ̾ϢһǻƽʱҶȻ㣬Ӻ幫ӶˣⶫһҪߣǲҲ֪ôǽ
ʵҲΪѣϾĶңԼҵҪɡ
֪ƹҲûãҪͻȥ϶С
ƹ˿̵ʵλӵĺ⣬ҾС±ȽϺãĪҪλӵģ˵λҲ˵ˣһҪ£о仰֪
ʾƹ˵
ƹһ۹ʾ֮λڰǶͷˣ幫֪ҵĴӣȻ˵׸ĵճӣ϶Ҫ̳ңСǰѶ˻ȥλӣλ˵СѣȻѾͲҪƽô࣬Щ°ɡ
֪ƹ˵ĻеѶеȷò
Ϊѵĳ̾°ɣ˻ȥȷλġ
Ƿ˼ȷе㲻֪ôؼԶʲôȱǾҪҲúúõ
ջ緹׼ȽϺã࣬СˣмӣЩƽϡĳʳҲֻйܳԵ
һֱԵŵʵڳԲ¶˲ͣ£˫Լӵʵǳ̫ˣǮ˻ĺܣʲôʱҲӡ
˵ĽǼٵģǮ˼ҵɽ亣ζζʤһʡԼҪܳϼٺöǮ˼ҲѰĳʳʵ̫
ӣͻȻĽ
ĵҲĽģЩζһӶûԹ˻ôóԣ˺֮ǲܱȵģǼңһֱΪŬ
̾һֻŬ׬ǮˣĽĽģʱʰҲ߰ɡ
ǽǱûдʲôЩСĿջ԰̧֮˫ȥСѶȡһЩճ裬ûеĶֱӳǡ
һνǹ𺳵ģҲ˷ܶĶҪŬ׬ǮȻԼ˹Ϻӡ
¥ľ֪ܰȣЩȶҲԵЩԸ
˺üǡ
һֱ˳ǺԶɲŴһӣһȴһ飬ȫҽ飬ȵһš
һԵĹЩɻ󣺡һ˭͵ġ
Ц幫Ӱɣŵڣпܾ͵ġ
Щ鶼мкܶ౾״ﶼûУҲ֪幫ʲôطҵЩ顣
һӻ϶ҽ飬滹мӼǣϸӣŴһӣֻһ򿪹סˣң黨־ԼʲôУһóԽԽϤһ֧ͻȻⲻڼҿЩô
̫ˣѵȻЩȫˣҲ̫һɡ
ڼϹ˽ģеӵ㲻ǻȥף㻹˵Ǯ˾򡣡


125

ҲȲѣʵû뵽ЩУʲôʱģ
һֱһЩʲôʱģɻʵ
Ҳûмȥֻ̫˵С˸ѵˣԸСģЩǲֵ̫ӣȴܹأǷ̫ˡ
Ƿ˼飬ЩǷ¾Ͳ׻
̾һֻܵȵԺûлỹˡ
ɵǵģۣȰ˵ֻҪǳҵ£ܰĶɺãѾˣǵҲûãһλӵĺģҵǾóԶ㵱ɺѡ
ҲңҲ˵Զ˲۸ߵġ
ݳ˫Ů˵ĶԻƿ㲻õ̫࣬ӻָܰˣǰӲ˵ˣǼҲҩ⣬˴֮ĽӴ϶ὥģʱѰܰǵĻᣬ黹˲͵ˡ
⻰˵ĺеϸĥĥ˺ܶࡣ
һ˻ȥʱʱ˰գҪ·Ϊչ˹ɾϢϵʱ磬ͣҩõſڡ
׼ĵſڹ̨ϣȴһƼ߽Ĺɣʱˣվ˹̨
ôˣ
ɺЦŰ׼óĸǴӰǴĸ㣬֪ϲԸˣɵء
Žżÿ˿ȴʲôûƼ
׼ЦĽӹ㣬Ѹ㱧ڻлϲѣںأվ߶㣬˵ʲôʱܻҵ£
Ұ״£Ҫʰ״ҩݵ£Ը׼˵ͽ˺á
һӾͼ״Ͽ飬̲סɵмûеҽ飬ҪҪ
кö϶Ҫͬ״ģǺԥ
״һܼʲôҽ飿նڵأ˵ôԶһѾͷȥ·ϳ˲ٿͷɣ϶᲻סջ
۹ɵúܣҪ֪ҪӣӸɣԺһסһ㡣
ܺãһ·ҲûôԿࣺɵõһ·ûгʲô࣬˯Ϊչһ·ϻͣˣأɵȥѡ顣
Եȵ״ûȥЩ鼮ܹǰ״;˵ҽ޼֮
ĵҲԽԽмԶ͵ĶĵҪġ
״ȴס˹ɵ䣺ȵж㡣
˵űֱתӹȡһСľӣŰѺӸ˹ɣҩݻģһӣʵԻģҲ֪˼ҶʲôǮõǹʮ˵ֻ࣬ϧɵֳڣʯǳԿˡ
û뵽ô࣬״ʯõģ͸ǵĲõʯ
ȫǳԤڵģҾõȥҲһȥ
ɵ˵ʲôأһллأʯǵǽɽɵģȥðӷָ峤һң̷ɽʯˣҲɽȥˡ
˵Ǳ߻̫ΣˣҪΪ̷ɽǱһСϪɽɽеҰﶼϲСϪϺˮΣϵĵطܶ࣬Ǯ죬Ҳա
״ͬҵͬʯȽСǮҲһ㣬ҩҲǮûҪȥðգʵҽǽɽҩչҩģ߶չȥ˸ڼϵˣǶ˵ֻҪҩģƷöչ
⻰ùɸмɵлл㡣
״ĺܺãԺһҪúТ˳״
״һ۹ɣЩϲѾͷ⣬һЩӦõģ㲻˵мĻ
״ȥ׼ɵڹ̨Ը㡣
ɼһĻҲǿЦã׼һ㶼û䡣
֪Ҫʲôһֱ̧
״һԽԽȣ滹кüƷҪҺܾˣһֱûҵû뵽幫ģô౾Щܲҿ
һֱܱҽ飬ڿЩ᲻÷֡
ЩҽǹɵģҪõɵͬǡ
ɰѰ״ѡ鶼ݸ˰״򣺡ɵôʲôҽѡ¿ģʣµ鶼ҿܾˣԵ㿴ҲҲˣ鵹ҲѧܶණǱ˲һҽ
֮ǰ״ΪŮӲԸʽҽڲһɿŮ˾ʹˡ


126·Ǯ

״ЩһЦĴûţڰ׼ôʱ򣬶ûԸƲҵǸʱûƲˣʹƲͷƲҲˣź
û뵽״һʷһҲͻˣ״ǴҾصĴǰҲҲûʲôֵñԹˡ
ЦŰ״ɵ˵ĻңҾȥúѧϰҽƲ鼱á
״΢΢ͷҲ鼱ãβǴ£صĴ£ܶѧһȻǺõġ
ʵǲͬβҽģܶҩݾ͹ˣҪȥɽҩҲĿ֧Ҳὥù
ʵǲɳȥͷ¶棬һŮӼҼҵʲôʲôˣӦ˹ʱ£Ҳκ顣
һҲףڹ˵ʱͷ
ϻȥѾЩˣһӾ˳ϡ棬ȷֹǻŤŴִֵ֫ߵ˹ɼԺǰ
ǲܽԺӵģΪԺ̫խֻܴϰͽС
ӿӴ̧۾ֱˣ˫ۿһĽʲôǽ𣿡
˶֪ȥ˰ǣǿǺõطôûȥ
ǴӰǴĶһҲǺöһ뵽̲סҪȥƿӸǿʲô
ֻֻûľӾͱһ˻ȥ
ɲõĿӣľٶе㲻ͷ
δ˵ͬ˵ĶǲԵİɣοӵر𳤣Ҫ֪Ӷ֪
ܵ͵ĹɣϲԼҵһбҽֵ
ӱһǲϲƲ죬˫ֱǰܲõϣҪʲôõôôŪ˼ҵֱˡ
ɲδӣǹҲûʲôɸɵ͵ҽû
˵껹װҽӴ򿪸ӿһۡ
õϵĲһɨ⣬Ц濴һۣȫҽ飬ʱȱȱ
ȥǾʹӻĶû
ЦĵǺõطҲǮǣûҪʲôˣһΪ˸ͶҲûʲôġ
ŶѾ˫͹ɰȥˣսôˣһûиǼӣ
һ뿪ʱ򶼸ӸɼңһͶȥһӡ
Ҳɵ±Ҫʵʵ˵ͶȫҪһεҲ֪˳ӰôҪӣǺǳ˷ס˺ܺõĿջ
ʵǼʹһ˸֦ûӰ˲١
ȵȥҲжˣùȥСǹ
һֵܾˡ
ЩЦʲô
ڹϣҲʯȥˣһӣҪӷˣǼҾͲˣֵܻҾ˾˷˾ͺãһһһ
˫⻰ЩϾ͹ݲ˼ڣôɡ
ֵҡͷͬɲǾռ˴ͷҪٲҪǿɲ
ĵĽͣһνɽһҲңʯ˻˶ģҩȻҪָǣô˵һһӡ
СЩСȴ͸żᶨ㲻ȻʯǻģҪǽɽҲңǰö˵ˣҪٲ֣ҵ϶ֵܵģ˵ӱ͸һ֡
ֵһΪѵģͻȻֵǳ⣬ģҪȻҵǮʣµ˷˿ɺã
ʣµÿ˻оŰġ
ֵܻΪѣùԿˣ˫ȴҿɣʲôӵ˽⣬ҪõˣӶ
Ͻͷ⻰˵Ŀˡ
Ӿ
ֵ˶ߵӣﻹĵģֻǸŽɽһˣҲǹ塣
ԺʲôҪֻ˵ֵܶ򽻵Ӻܿ˵š
ﻹһСžţͻȻ̧ͷֵܡ


127һ

ɵȷԼ뷨ɽƾһӾ˾˺ͱǲģҪʲôΣղӦ
˶಻һֵֵˣҹΪ˺ƣ˺໥֮Ҳûʲô
ҩǺ£Ǵ£ֵԸ⵹ǿһɽҩҩչˡ
ԵλмҪǹ׬Ǯġ
׬Ǯĵطֵ࣬ܵûдʯ⣬һνɽΣأʯҲңʯ׬Ǯ׬ǮҲǣûйһЩﶼͷۡ
ڹ˵׬ǮֵȻԸġ
ӵʲô׬Ǯ⣿
ԽԽŪˣ˵κλ̧֧֣ͷŹɣ֮гź档
ɻ˴һ֮󻺻ҩɽҩǲҩ֮ҩչ
ɶҩǲʶҩݰӺܾȵ˵
֪ɸŰ״ΪѧϰҩҩҲʶģֻǿɲʶʲôҩ
ƺ׹ҪʲôˣһҶԽɽĻΣһ㣬˶൹Ҳȫ࣬ϹֵҲֵεˣҲǽǻɽҩ˴һƵҲֻʣǼˣҲ뺰ֵܾÿԣһԡ
¹ֵֻǶһۣÿ˵Ǽᶨģڴ׬ʲôǮҲҵԶһȥǣôĳҲңƽ׬ǮĻᲢࡣ
ܸŹɽҩҲǲģ׬ٶֵһԡ
ӸϽԸ⣬ллֵܻᡣ
ɼֵܴӦˣһҩݼǮһʸɵǲҩݹƼǮ̫Ϊҩݶʵģܶ಻ֱҩƣˮ֮ҲһǺļǮĲ˵һʮǮӦС
Ҳ㣬Ͱ˵ҩ㣬һֻҪĲҩҲ׬ʮǮ
ֵǼģһһ˾ǶʮǮһҲİ죬ʣµҲ׬İģһºôһаɣǰǼҰˡ
ɣǸǽɽҩŲŵùġЦ˵ţܼ
СҲһЦݣֵоֻûȢˣȻﲻڶӣǴԽԽȢϱˣҲûкʵĻ¡
ֻҪӣ˵׾Ȣˡ
ת˫˾˺ͱ絽ʱҲסһʱ䣬˵ߵɽֱǱҪܶ࣬ҵһɽҲȽϰȫҪʲôҩһЩȽϳĸǿϣͷһҲǽɽ֮ҾҪڼҩˣ׻ûջ鷳λæŪЩɹҩݵļӡ
ĵѾ˹滮Ҳͷͷǵ
֮ǰûùɳ춮£һֻùɱˣǰڴųŸѾͷӶ°
̲סô䶮ˣ
⻰ùġ⡱һ£Ͼػһεˣ仯϶еģһ˵Ųѣ¹Ƴʲô
ǹӻˣ˵ĺ統ңҲǱƳģһιɽСǻǵòԺɱöˣҲû˺˵ͦεģûбɡ
˵곤̾һĺԹԼ򣬿һ˵޶Ҳôί衣
Ҳ̾ϢһοԹԼЩҲƲ˵ҲǺ£ɿɱȺܶǿأκζТ˳彫Ǹиġ
˫Ȼۣ뵽һҪʧʮǮҲסϢһ뿪ˡ
͹ҲûʱϽӻʼҩ׬Ǯˡ
ֵܻûߣʵɣҪļӣֵ˵˵ǰııӺûľͷá
룬ǳڵ£ԵҪ׮ľͷӿӣҼǵֵҲҲᣬʱһҪʮ㡣
һˣҪ°
ԺӻͦҪȫŪɼӣɹһ׳ۡ
Ҳʱô˲ҩҪĵط϶ôҵĵǲҩ̫ûطɹǶᣬһ֮׬Ǯ϶׬Ǯġ
˴Ŷ裬ţ󴺣һҲа˸ˣʱ϶ڼ


128´

˶ʵ˵
ڶϹֵһ˿һӾˡ
֮ǰݺصʱͿ˲ٵľм䲻дѡ˺ʵľͷʼ
Ҳæ˹
ڵڿӣľͷľľͷԺæȻ졣
ܶ˶֣һʱ֮䶼֪ɼҪʲô
վԺ΢΢üƺֲõԤУܾùҪ׬Ǯˡ
ĸоرǿңֲġ
Ϊʲôʶļλӣõֻйһҡ
һιɸŮŴӰǻͿʼжԺҪʲô
̲סڰæĹɵѾͷҪʲô
˰ҲЩֱۣ˲ͷϵĺˮһ۹ӡ
ʲôԺڳȵյʱǼҵʳʲôطɹʱҼһɹʳûԸŶЩġ
ɼװûеᣬƽʱԼ취
⻰һµùҲ֪˵ʲôֻǲϲĿ۹ɡ
Ҫ׮ӵĵطӣչ˵ģӵôü㣬ɹҩ϶أҪιһ㣬͹ֵ¶̤̤ʵʵˣ͵ˣҲˣڵĿӶ
۹һԺӵĹ̫̫סˡ
ǰıһ˵ҪڹҵӣϾ˶ЦǼңǰ˵ɽȢޣ˺ܶ඼ûڰЦǴţ
ϻý˵һ£ֻ˼Ҫ΢һ㣬ӡ
ǰ׾óˣڣڼӲˣҲղ
ⷿӵû˵׵ģΨһܸһҳϹϵľֻⷿӡ
ϼúܣŹֱ̫̫۾͵ҪϽû˵ЩôһԺӣҪʲô飬ȥõģɲ˵ˣֲǲ֪һڱײˡ
̫̫Ｑȴûǰ͹̫ү˵һЩĵ׶ٻǾеڣȥ֪᲻
ڴǶ˵ģʵǲȥЦ
ֱ˦ЩͷΣһϵܲһ㣬ððʧʧӣѵ£㰡ÿһζȫӣû˵ֵڰ£ŹһҪ¡
һӾήˣɥǸô죿Ҳ֪ǼҵܲԲʮﶼûйԸ޵ǼңһεҲΪǹҪƲҪԸ޽׮Ժˣһʱ䶼ҳţʵ̫ˣ˶Цأ˵һûȢϱ
ĵװѹ̫̫һٱ飬ϲĲƼңŵúܣƼȢϱˡ
Ȼĵϻֺù̫̫ǹ̫̫һĲȥҹˡ
̫̫ԥ
һԵĹɽúܣ˵ǹ͵͵ȥˣÿɿˣҪȢϱЩ˻Ľһĸʹɫֱ̫̫ǰŵͿɣʮ˻ûȢޣܶ˶ЦأƽЩҲԸһɽ
̫̫С۹ɽϾǳڿɽܣԹû£û£ҲգһξǶҲҪӻȢϱ
ﻶϲѣй̫̫Ҳ˳ھȥҡ
̫̫ȴֱҡͷ»ǲӣ˵ôİѼҸ㵱ҷŲ˵ˣȥ֣һ鷳ģȥҹ
ϲĿ̫̫Щ׹̫̫ΪʲôֱȥҴ峤ȴûʳڣֱ
ϱֱȥ˴峤ҡ
ҵĴǴ򿪵ģ̫̫Ҳûֱӽȥ
˿ãԺӵɹ̫ܵ˽Ժӣ۾һȴüͷ
ܲϲ̫̫ϱȻҲˡ
£еԼᡣ
ģû
̫̫϶ŭȴ޿κΣ
̫̫ȻҲȥӣվڹǰֻ˵Щ£˵˾ߣڹסķǾջˡ
ЦһϾϵʱ˵˷ӹһңǮء
̫̫Թĳû⣬ǼǷӵû˵òɣȻò÷ȻлȨ


129²Ҫ

һʱ⻰˵ûʲôĹ϶òģΪǷӸûз˭޽ֻҪһкˣҲȥűעʲôġ
Դó˸١
һתЦˣǷҲòһʱỹ˵ףּҷӸ˹Ǿǹġ
û̫̫ôҪˣֹƲ𣬾Ҳ˿αġ
̫̫ŭˣ峤̻һңЦһǹƫǲ
ֱվеĲ豭Сһŭ˵עһ㣬Ǵ峤ֻվڹĽǶ˵¾ʴˣõҲ𰸣һ쵽֪ڣ㿴˭ҵǼҶ࣬ǧټƵŶ˼ӣ̤̤ʵʵ׬ǮɽйСɽͶСˣÿֺеڴ͵㲻ܲ˵Ǵ涼ǼҶˣҪǿڵϣ͸Ǽҳˡ
Թ̫̫Ĳѹͷˣû뵽˿ԲҪһԹ̫̫ҲΪֹˡ
ϲˣʲôʲôʸǼߣǽΪǴ峤֪һǸҪˡ
òײŴȹ̫̫ҪǱ峤˻ȥŬ׷ˡ
峤ɫ䣬бһϣóȥҼңΪǹá
ҲƢĺðɣˣֱҲ
Ϻ͹̫̫һֱӲӲӾˣ峤ǻﲻ𣬱Ͼ峤ӾǺˡ
ҪìܴԿĿ϶Ǽҡ
㲻ּҾǿ԰ǷӸǣҪûҲùˡԽ˵ԽСΪ峤ɫԽԽá
峤һЦϣʲôΪҲ֪
иĲ̹ŵƫġ
һ۴峤ʲô֪ôﴧĦҵ뷨ƫĻ˼˵ˡ
̫̫ϾǼ˵ˣ֪ڴ峤˵ȥҲûнһ۴峤˵Ƕ˵ˣҪջģ˵һҰԺӶˣǿҼҵԺӡ
ҲƢģ̫̫ڽа壺бһԿܲջҲգҹٲ¡
⻰Ϻ͹̫̫ɵˣٲ˿ɲã±Ҫô죿
˶һۣ˦뿪
Ҳû¼Ȳ裬ֱȥ˹ҡ
ܿ죬׮Ѿȥˣĺüš
ֵĴѾ뿪͹׼緹
׼ĳʳö࣬ڰһЩ㻹бȽϡĳʳýкˡ
һͷһ׼˾²˳Ǵģùⲻȥ
Ź̫̫ûûɣǽԺӾͳŹϽһֲʡˣҪ鷳ء
ĵ׺ôӵ涼̫̫һҶˣ˵ڴûв޹̫̫һҵģӱƫŮӶԸ޽ڵãΪˣûŮԸ޽
Ը޽ҲҪۣǮ
С֮ǰ˵һף˵õӣڵã˼ұҪӻһǮ٣ȥӶϱˡ
еĳͷǲˣһҵʲôͷˣ˹̫̫ϵΪ֮ĵ׶ϻй̫̫Ҳûյء
ǰԼףԼɩӣأڿˡ
û뵽ʡĵľȻ鷳
Ҳ˹üͷ̫һҪʲô۶ӡ
̾һΪⷿӣ˵ⷿǵҪջ
ʱɴг⻰ʱֺˣҵʲôǣ峤ֲⷿӵķء
¹֪ãȻĿŹɵʲôʱ¡
ʼ磬ϴЦ⣺ڸɵѧҽʱ£Ҹ˵£ҰѷҲǺҪҲû㡣
һλؼʱ˵ˣϲûаУϾķӴûзģڴͲӦȫǼߡ
òʱ򣬾뵽̫̫ǵ͵Ĳ㡣
û뵽ˣҪһж಻Ҫǡ
ʱ˭˭һء


130׼

һεҪ̫̫ô裬˹̫̫ôãһڿԺúõĻˡ
¶Цգʼܵǣһ˲ͱõˡ
ֻҪڹϾͺãе㲻ģȥѷҿ
̽ݣڴ׵ó˷Ÿ˹
ϵǹģд˷ӵλãСһЩϸڣһжûЦˣ̫ˣҵҪһҪô֡
һ緹ϢһͿʼ£ҪѼӴãȵϻ֮ҪɽҲ
Ҽһ֣ɼҵֲӲã󴺺͹ӾͰԼҵӿ
ڵʱ̫̫һˣԼһ㣬̫̫϶ƽ᲻ôѣСɽ͹ɽڵһžͰԺ߿ֱֵܵӽԺӡ
׼Ҳ󴺺¹СɽǶõļӣֱӵǰ棬ĶŹɽ͹Сɽ
ĺӾһɼܣΪһС¾пܴСɽ͹ɽǱ󴺻йֵģ˵ʱЩ顣
󺣷Ź̫үϷŹ̫̫Ժӡ
̫̫һ۱ŪԺӣüͷǲã˭ǶҼԺӵġ
ȴЦһ˵Ժӣó֤ҪȻϽ
֪зͲģֵʲôط˹̫̫̫̫ѹֵأû
ŭˣǰվǰвľ󴺣˵עһ㣬ΪҲ㡣
󴺹һЦƣָԼҪǶڹ˵
飬ֻҪҶ֣ôͲռȻҲѹ
Сֵܿɲù󴺣С˵ҿ˭ҶһԣֵҲˣǰֵܣҪŻȥ
ƽ͸󴺹ϵã϶ῴ󴺱۸
̲ʲô¶˳ģΪͷҰ£ڶûԸӳȥԣкܶʱֻܸ˽ɽ˵Ķʵ̫Сÿһֻתƣ򵽵Ҳٵÿ
ǰôǰôţڵãȻָԼ򣬶һԵĹֵܻв
һôôమµģû˵˵ǰˡ
ҧһȦˣܲãⲻĸ£ǼҺ͹һҵ˽¡
ȴҶ֣ҪǶ󴺾жֵɣʱǸ˲˵Ķ֣һδܾûúãõľǲСĴۣ档
վĻƽͣǼҺǼѾûκιϵǽڵΪΣôǾһ̫۸ˣÿһʱҪ۸һΣ
˵ǰӲܶˣѹͲ
һ۹˿Ѿÿ˵ߵ˹ǰֻһѸͷļ¡
Ƴһ۹֣̬ȳıƽˣǽΪ˷ӵ¡
ⷿӵּҸˣԾǵġ̲˵š
ʱ̲סˣּǿǿʱסû˵ⷿӾǵˡ
˿Ĺ̫̫̫̫Ҳ˼ôôҸӻɡ
ṵ̂ˣȫŲһһεҪӣǼƲͯӣ
̫̫üǸӡ
ڲаⷿҲҵģСҲûҵӣأڲТ˳ˣΪûǸʸ񰡣ϾּڶϾϵ֮ǰǻҪּʱĶǲǻҰһĶҲǣ˵Цһ
ԼϹȻɵТô꣬Щ˶ԲϺ͹ɣڹ̫̫͹̫үѹûһھεġ
̫̫ڵĹȫУڻ˵治Ļ
ָָŭⲻҲТ
վһԱ˵ģ̫̫ŭģָŹ̫̫ǣǼĵԲ㣬ôТҲҡҡβͣʲôǾ㣬㣬㵱ɳʲôĶ£ҼҺںҹٲǸ˽լ


131´ʹ

˿˵Щʲôԣ֮󿴴ܶҲˣЩѹֵþء
̫̫͹̫үˣֵôȫǸѪϵͣʳѪ⣬˿ʲô
ûֹɣ˵̫̫͹֣˵ЩҲﻰ
ŭˣС˵ҺʲôôҲǳ
ɡСһгӰҿûʲôЩѹңǼҲ御˵ʲôطǶ£˭Բ˭ȰһϽߣԺǵģǶ᲻ߣҲֲɣɨؾ͸Ͻ
ƣԹ̫̫ûһɫ
Ҳڰæûؼңȫ̶Թۣӻ˼˵˵Ҳ˳˭ҳǣ˭ΪԼãΪ룬أҼ޽ӾûһҶԳƽӣͲǴ֣ЩҲȱ£˼ΪǸе
̫̫Խ˵Խ񻰣ҲԽԽ࣬µĻǹң˵зľǹҪð졣
ⷿӵ޽ģҪûɣû˵ⷿӸǡȻе飬ӲͷƤ˺ǰСǰţǹҲ˵һ󻰣ڶˡ
֪һԽԽùͲöϾϵҲÿһš
ЦһҼǵò˵ģ˵ⷿӸˣ⻹һЩծǼңҲ֤ƷӸˣլ㱦ӵġ
һ۹ѱҧúأ֮ǳ
̫̫䲻ãҿû˵Ļɱ˵
û˵дĳôȻҪóѹǣôҾ볤ǳ˵һ乫ȻӲָҲɣѵҷֵһծǮҡƤЦⲻЦ˵š
͵ĿŹõպð˵ĻҲƯ͹̫̫Ҳĵ㡣
ӵȷҪĳ˵˵£˭ҷּҲǰѷӷָ˭˭ġ
ҲܱĹ̫̫ƫĵûˣ͹ҲʲôöúТʲôЦ
̫̫жҲԤ
׼֪̫̫鷳һ紵ݶֱˡ
̫̫ԺſڣЦкϷ
⻰ô˺ͬͦƽģÿҲͿ˼ҵЦǲǲ
̫̫ɫ΢䣬֪峤ѲģͷҲϣⷿӵ޽ġ
һЦ޽ûּҵʱǸ˳Ҽǵõлгڳ
ǹҵ£μӼ֤Ҳǹˣʱйһּ֤ⷿǸ˹ⷿǹģ㻹Ҫǲǹһ㡣
̫̫ȴúܣⷿӾ㵱Ҹ˹ûջҲ֮аɡ
˶ڽͷӶù̫̫̫֡
һЦҲû˵ⷿģ˵ģ˭һʱҲ˵ǣɴǶó֤緿ʲôġ
ϼˣܼҪóôùóóҲ֤ⷿӲǵġ
˵⻰̫ˣͲóʲô֤
ɺ͹һ۶⵭еίĿŹô찡ⷿûŴ˶ˣ̹뿴Ϻ͹̫̫ɫȻ졣
⻰Խţ绪ĵûҲ˵ⷿӲǵģҪҲûɡ
ϡޡһҪ
֪ǹ˵ģΪѣһ֪ôӣԽǿ̫̫ϵļԽǼӲôˣⷿӵķأôôˡ
һЦ֤еġ
Ϻ͹̫̫һ̲Ȼˣ˻ǲⷿڹϣرһΪѵӡ
д峤֪зԺͲ˵Щˡ
ϲһ죬ŵﻣˣ˭֪峤ƫġ
ûԶԣɲ˵˭֪ƽ˵ƫĿҵס
̫̫е㵣ǣƿȻ˵зóҿ
µǹУʱľǣȥûкôһжˡ


132»

ֺˣҪǹ̫̫ʱʲôķӦ
˿ÿ˶Ļ̥ÿ˶ԼС˼
Ϻܽţ¹ѷóˡ
ЦϽѷóλ幫
ɸ˹˿ֱ̹ó˷ݸ˹
ֶ϶ܸ̫̫˭֪̫̫ŻƾŹ̫̫޳ܣָŷͻٵˣֱӾ͵ݸһԵļλ¸صĳ
λ幫ȻˣмҲʶֵģһλϸ
ʱ˿Ļǹ̫̫ŵúܣⷿģĵ׻˼ҡ
Խĵģ۾һֱſļλ幫ս̫̫˵Ƿôô뵽ȥŰ췿
ǰĹɲôԶ
̫̫Թһ۹ɵȻСĺ£Ǵˮ֮ѾͷԽԽӲǵøԣʵ̫ˡ
λ幫һ飬ȷǻʵķͷȷǷҾһӵķⷿǴ󽭵ģԴ󺣸Ͻ뿪
ҲԸ˿ЦȻǹˣҲյģһʱҿ̫Ц
̫үóҪȥǾ˿ռˣռָŭѾһ뿪Ժôߡ
˳ֱ̫̫۵ȻзⷿȨˡ
Ϻܼ˵ʲôͿأɽСɽȢˣ
̫үܼԼϱʲô֪ܲ
ʱ϶Ƣ˲ߣҪթӣ֣˼ҶóˣȥҲǲռ
վڹ棬Թ޵ĶŹȻת
ӹЦˣղŲôôˣߵʯͷ˰ɣо仰ô˵ţӼ˻Ҫҧأֻ֪۸˼ңڱ˷˰ɡ
̫̫һ˾ϻģɽʲô£¡
ӲЦ˵Ҿǰ£ҾͼЩƤ񣬶Һ޳޵ˡ
￴ֵһЦˣһ֪Ϊʲô֣ӲҪҸӣȻթӻȥǰǾй
̫̫˵ıӰôЩǱ
ҲܼûԶԺǵģҪʲôҲû˹ܵţҪûǵͬԺӣǾ˽լǵõʱңȥǱ١
⻰˵̫̫һġ
صҵĹ̫̫ͨ죬ȴϻػصţһ˵ô뵽ˣΪȥŪһӻһӶûŪȢ޵ϲˣɽôˣڲȢҪʲôʱܱӰ
̫̫Ҳ
һֱͷĹͻȻ̧ͷǰﲻ˵СɽҲȢޣҿǼҲֵܸһȢһӣǾȢһ޻˺ӶǼҵ֡
⻰һ̫̫۾һ֮ǰôû뵽ء
̲סֵãʵ̫ˣǳ
ɽ˵ԼҪȢޣԺҪܵһϱЩˣҲͬ⡣
СɽҲҲͬ⣬ǰ˵ֵһһϱôͱˡҲԼһŮˡ
ͣס˽Ųû˵ȴ˼ţͻȻЦɽСɽǸð취밡ǼڸͲֵһȢһϱȥóɹֵһϱôˣ˵ڴӻĸֵһϱģܹȢϱֻΪӣ¹ܵʱĺ˭ģǼҵ֣˵ˣԺҲٺܶ鷳ǡ
̫̫ҲɽСɽǾģǸð취Ҳˣһ˲ٵӣһղһգиõİ취ҲϣֵȢһϱⲻû취ȥֵȢһϱ
͹̫үҲ̬Ǹð취һż鶼ˡ
ֻɽֵͬⲻͬˡ
ɽ͹Сɽǳ˵õһһϱڵֵܵ˯һŮˡ
˼ҹͬôСɽĵ²򲻵ѣ˭Ҳܲˡ
̫̫ЦˣɵӣȻǲ˵ȥģʱϱȢ͸óףֻҪǼҵˣͬⲻͬⶼɲһһϲͳˡ
Сɽһ뵽ŮڻоʿˮĵǴӦˡ


133һļ

תɽһε㿴ۼȷȢһϱˣֵܴСһ𣬺õôһӣ˯һŮҲûʲôֻҪ޾Ϳˡ
֮ҪȰɽҪԭΪǴӣѡ϶ѡӣǵǼȢ֮󣬾ͲȢޣûϱˣ
ԼһȢһϱЩģõİ취ˡ
ֻʣ¹ɽһˣż˵ڴˣһ´˿϶Ц
̫̫ɫһǲͬҲû취ܵȢޣһ⡭
ΪȢϱգһȴΪһù̫̫ǻ뿪ףġ
ЦҲû˰ɡ
ӦûˣһҲҲˣиû˿϶ҲйЦŵҲΪһҿġ
ȴյ˹ɣ͵ĵԶҽҲˡû»óֺܾãôɴֱù̫̫һһ뿪ֻ˹ɵķ
һЦ˵ʲôأһˣЩӦõġ
ڶһæµЩҪɹҩݣʱҲҪڣԼһϼԺӡ
ɼ봺Һ֮ܽпյأյȫӲݡ
ڹɼҵͰľդԺǽҵǽͺúܶࡣ
ǣڿյ֮һéҲҪмӣȵʱյţҲõıܻԺӵդֻҪͺá
˶ʵɵģéҲʲô£ԺļӲ඼ˣϾҪ׮֮ʣµ֧ܾͼ򵥺ܶࡣ
͹ȲݣǷĹȲݱҪ˳߰ģԹɺʹһһѵĹȲţ߰ĹȲҲãӼסʱǽڡ
ϻʱܾȣԺļӣΨֻ˽ݵһ·͸пҪʲô
Ҳûɣֱȥ˹ɺʹǱߡ
ɰõĹȲݷڵϣЦ˾ѵû˵ôڴɹҩݵļӰǱ߿յڴӣʱҩݲҵطš
룬һνǿ϶˳˫Ҳ˵һЩʲô¥ʲôջ˾˵ܵ˳Ӻ幫ӵĿ
ɵͷ̾ϢһӺ幫̫ˣǳԺסþͲ˵ˣߵʱ˻һһӣ幫һҽңɵ˵ҽܶ඼ǼģӾ͸ˣһӸϡ⣬ڼϿϲġ
˵һ仰ʱ΢΢е죬Щô˵е
ҲЩǳҲǾЩʱ򣺡ǶǺˣһξͰǼҴæծԺ
ɾͰȥǵһЩ˵ˣýζҲͣ幫ӺͳǺˣһӾͿˣû뵽˻ǡ
˼ҳĹӸǲһһ
æһŰе¶á
ʣΪҪĶӶ붼ܱһĥ˰æʱ򿪹Ǯ
Ű뷨˵Ӿ͵Ҳ˰ˣҵ˵ҪȥǼãǼǹҲ֪ĲϲãҲûЩһֱڲϾ˲ѪűҲ᲻ӵ˵Ҫֻȫȥһʮأʵûù
ֵȥ˵£ʮ
ǲϲǷ˼ģսӵӸ֪һǮô
ʲôϡ֪Ǯ
ûѿڶǮһɡ
ĵһ£ʮҲýӽǮĿǰϻûôࡣ
Źӿ϶Ƿ
ԥһܲ˼ЩǮһˣֻʱô࣬ȵ׬Ǯ˾ֱӸǡ
ӺЦ˵ʲôͿأҵ˵ǡ
Ĵ⡣
һȺ˲£еһжŪ׵ġ
ֻôһŪɼһǴԺĶǼӡ
СֵܰѼˣʮȫá
˫ϻҪһɽҩ
ϻͻݵŪһӲˣһȺ˳Ա͵ȵɽ
˵һνɽҪŵģʲôҩݡ


134·˼

һνɽ˶Щ׼ĶҲȽ϶࣬Сֵ׼˺ܶʳԵҲţ·ʲôΣա
Щ׼ôڿԽɽڿԲɵƽʱҲԼժɹݲ裬ɽҪժľǽΪⶫǮ㲻ʺϴժҩݲ̫࣬ɽжС
ûиŽɽԭǵǹ̫̫ƻһǺбҪġ
ǰ棬ɸں棬йֵܣ󴺣Լ˾˺ͱ硣
һȺ˿νǺƺƵʱܿˣҲûб˿
ôĲ鷳
ʵѾ׼ǿСֵ׬ǮˣлҲֻڴ֮ǰҪСǶ׬һЩ
߽ӲԶͿһܴĽ˿̵ĽһһصģһЩѾĽ˿̿޾ɡ
ǰʼժժʱҪժҶӣⶫǶʶҲˣǽɽʲôͲժʲôǮҲȽϸߣǲժ
Сֵûһԥ˵ڳ˶ûԥ˲ժЩ׾ⲢӰǵ飬һĲժ
һδ׼֣ܳȻҲˡ
ɵҪǻȽϺãɹƷʺܸߣҲԲժȥɹԼҲûϵ
ܿ죬һԽܿժ꣬ÿ˲濴һЩĶȫϸ
߲ԶͻȻǰһϽºܼèץݣϸèצȫЩèצǲյʱֻҪĸǱߵĴ
սɽҪǽ̼ʶʺϲյĲҩȻҪܿģΧײյĸ˵˵
ѧú棬ЩŶ죬֮ǰɽЩȴҪЩ׬Ǯ˵һܼġ
Ҳʼҩò˵ǴӸɽֶʺҩݡ
ʱе㼤ڸӻû೤˳ֵ֮ǰǼҲûԹʵĿ龥ܳԣܹβأȵԲյʱʱڵȥ
ӵƽҲԣɼֻǳԵúܲΪɽҶԣ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
˵ô궼ûֹģԭҲﲻֱҵʱȻһ뵽ɽȥڸԡ
èץݣݣԶ־ȵȡɰܲյĶ˵һ顣
ҵı¨涼ˣҲҪɽˣʱ⼸ֲҩҲ㹻ˣƳҲȥ
ܷ̫ãܺãԻδɾͰѴҵĽ˻ȥ
޺Ѿûϴ֮ɹ
ѡ˼ɵѽȥɹ
ֵܵĵһ󴺵ķֿǼҺ˫ӲյĺһԼҵҲûôƽϡ
ûؼңŹһ˿·̲סͣҪ˵ɱܶ޶ҪǿϺܶ࣬µ̬ȣԺɲˡ
ºһЦɲܸɣԺǼҲܸŹˡ⻰ǶԹɵĿ϶ϾӸŹûãȻ׬ôӣȥСȢϱҲǲˡ
ЦеģԼŮ佱ôܲģ̵ģϲȫΡ
ǿɲҪ佱Ѿͷ˲֪⡣
ȴͬⶼʵɲεģѾͷ²أ㰡ͷĺˣŮ˼ҵСӶҪǿܶ࣬ϧҾûŮ
˵źӣ˼ҵŮĽ
Щпǰûжͦźģȴɾ㹻ˣТ˳֮һˣֻǿˣΪǶ޳ȥʵҺҲ᲻á
ԶģɲǳӿɲҪǰ޳ȥڴǰϹôһ̲סȰ˵ѾͷԼ뷨ܶʱ˲ֲǺҪôҲҪһɺõģȥģɲܼɫú񿴵ùȥˣǶɵĲ𣬶Ժ϶ֹ㣬ȵԺ˵Щ˼ҵĹӸ缷ͷƤȢء
ϲûôԶֻΪӦ˹һ겻û׵¡
ڴ峤һ˵
ҲҾҲڸ䣬˭֪Էʲôӵˣ˵ɵĶȢɵ뷨ĿĵģȢȥ˾Ȣ˽˭֪ǲҪɺãɵıȽϺãôһǵǵġ
Щһ䶼˼ҵʱҲ˹ĨǵҪ˵ףʱȽϺõģﻹеĶ


135ض

סˣȻ˻¡
ôֿɶԻµĿܣԵĲԸڳס
¸أΪ峤ʶҲȽ϶࣬Ȱ˵ʵѾĶ
ͷһؿǵġ
һҪؿǣɲΪһǻٵһ˵ڵһҲû¡һȰ˵
Ҳ֪ΪλȰϣ;ùɲһ
˻ʱ˵ض飬ÿ˵ı¨ģΪǰ˵Ҫÿ˶׼˺಼ܶӣÿһҩݶࡣ
èץݵĸҪϴ֮أɼԱ߾һˮжɱ¨һ¾ͿʼϴϴõֱӷȻڼϡ
ܷ㣬еҩݹɶãѾ׵ĺˡ
ԺҲȼ˻ѣԺӿֲ١
˫Ҫæɲûͬ⣬ЩһʱͲôƣҪҩݺûΪȽϿס
˫סʱ棬Ҳû취ɼҾô󣬸Ͱڲ±ĴӴˣסҲ͸磬ڷҲ
ǴҵģӶ˯Ҳ̤ʵ
һ磬Сֵܾˡ
ϴɾҩҲˮָˣÿһֶ֮󣬹óӼ
ҲûǮֵܣֵҲŹɣԺĬĵȵд꣬ҲûǮʲôʱ
ڼǮǰҲ˵ˣʱ֪չǮȵ֪˻ļǮ
˫󴺾͸˵ˣڹɸҲûҪ
ҲĬ
ҩݵƽģèץݾҪɹɣԷز١
ڽļܺãԽԽ࣬ΪɽľǽҼǮõȻܴ
Ѿʮɹ˽ժѾˣɵĽᣬչĽΪҪأÿҩݶᵥһɹ
һҩѾƺã￴ֵ˺ܶ࣬˶֪СֵڸŹɷơ
һЩ˿ʼԺӣЩ˿ʼ˵Ļ
֪ĵҪˡ
Ҫȥϡ
ĹȥҪͬŴı¨ɹҩݣǱһС¨ں档
⼸չ춼棬ʱ򻹵̫ҩɹ˲١
˵Щܻӣ߸ŪҩݰǮôеûףⶫӦòԼеôֵǮ
ɺţֹأкüⶫҹһٶǮһٲҲð˾ʮǮ
ͲǺصҩݣժĿƷǮȻǲ˵ġ
ԼŮ뵽׬Ц
ΪǸϼԵЩûҽݵĴɿţ׼ϾҪˣ֮ҲҪûʲôҪæġ
һţȴһ˶ûС
ɰѱ¨¾ͽ˺ãȴŽȥ׼һ˽̸
ɲһ׾뿪Ҫ뿪ŮǵڼػѡԵЩҲˡ
׼еεҲǱƲѣ˵ȥ֮󰲶ٺˣҲԴһȥ
ɴ˿ֱӽݣ׼һϵһţ¶Цգ˰
ɵ˵ͷ˸ˣһɫԽ£ۣ֪ΪοŸ˵࣬ɾøе㲻ദ
Ǹ
ȴԵĲã֪ġ
ɨһȦɣΪֻҩݣɴúء
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬ºһЦҲ֪˵ʲô
յǸŮҿòô⴩´һ˼ҵĺӣҲ֪ôġ
˾ڹǰдڸУΪұȹɼöˡ
ܶʱ˾ʵһжڿݡ
ܵеĲƣ׼ɫһ˻벻Ҫ˵ֻбӸҪĶܶʱ򲢲ӾʹһС
⻰һֶԸ˵ĿܣɲΪԭð׼δĸìܣ͵͵˳׼
Ը˵ĲҲ˼˵ҲǶԵģȷ˼ҵĺӣûʲôý͵ġ
˱׼ܲģɫһڣôѾͷʲôϵ
׼̹Ȼùϵ˵Ȼǲеġ
һһ۹ɵֻ¹ϵûô򵥰ɡ
⻰ڸˮ
΢΢üô˵ݶԣԩͰ׼׵£̲ˣĿһ˵δ̫һЩһֱΪǮ˼ҵģȻ֪ġ


136º

ģǰĸ˲׾Ϳʼףʵܲˡ
ûʲôֵþصġ
һλȥҲ뵽˺ֻ⸾˲ưոݡ
ò˵ɲǶԵģ׼˵˵ʱ˾ͣΪ׼ҵǸˡ
ʲôڸ˵УݵλһɽҰѾͷȻĿ˵
һ֪˭ǰ׼ĸȻǰ׼ãôҲ㳤Գ˵治֪
׼Ҫȴס˰׼¶Цݣط˵ģŷ˵Щʱҿû׾ʲôģ㻹ǸĸҰĵ˿ҽﱾҸҩȴڴ˷ѣҸҸװףҲǻƻ˵Ժôȥˡ
Խ˵ɵɫԽ䣬Ҳܸɫжڣײ̡
׼װףҪǴȥʲôˡ
ڴʱ״ˡ
һӾͼ˽ŵӣǳʲô£ʲôʱˡ
ɿó˲ǺദˣھͿʼΪˣ˭֪֮תͺѹĵɵҪΪŮλףǵ˵ҸϵͬѰԺôȥˡ
Ҫ״򿴿⸾˵ȻҲӦúܼɵ׼ңҪȻ׼˵ʱ򣬸˾Ͳָֻˡ
״һ⻰ǻˣɫһЩõĿˣ׼ĸ˵⻰ҪãɺͰ׼װ׵ĺӣɻûл䣬ɣҪһӣɵðѻ˵ף˵ҿɲưոݡ
һףĵǲģһжϱȽԣԷǺùԷȴʲôദģû׾Ϳʼ۶ˡ
ҾȻ˵ڰ׼͹ɹϵͬѰⲻӲˮ
һҪ˵ϵɵףҲϵ׼ҵףȻܹø˵Ļȥ
ɫΣĵ׻ǲϲҾѾͷððʧʧûò
׼Ӧˣɴӽž͸񣬻ϸûԩ֮ǰɵ̬ȸĺá
û뵽Ȼһҡ
ĪҪ˵ģɽ͸һֱҲϸĶȴ˵˼ҵĺӣﻰⶼƲףʵǲ̡
Խ˵Խ
״֪׼ˡ
ɫһڣ׼ĸɵð˵ŮҵȻˮá
㣬ҲǼһˣ⴩´˼ҵӣʵϼǿҤģģϳţԳŵڣҲø΢һ˼ҡ
ϿϵıǺŮС̵֪ġ
ɼǵúŮ⣬˵һù
ɫΣЩȷ˵ȥŻҲˣۿžҪ˲ܳκαʣҪǳʲô½һôȥˡ
εһЦֺõ׼ҹ죬ҸӵǸ
׼ƺߣЩǴ˳ȥûҲ¡
ϽȥԲȥⶼҺ˵˵ģʲôôȥģӶװ׵ġ
״е㲻ͷµΪֹ׼ĸҪЩ˵ҾҪΪ׼ˣһپ٣һ𡣡
⻰ھ溫㣬ŮҪˣҪǳʲô£Ҳˡ
ѹ˵̫࣬˿̵ɵҩݶ棬æ˻ҩƷԲԡ
˵תţ׼Ͻϡ
ֻʣ°״ͺ㡣
״ָ֮󣬺ĵҲ״ֱԩӵĻôûʲôҲһ
ȻϣԼŮ޽Կ
״µ֪׼ĸʲô
ϽŰ׼֮Ҫңҹʣ׼ҹųܾܲҰɣҲϹذ
״⣬һ̹Ȼʲô׼ƴʱͲԺŮϸõӣһϴжǰ;û뿪ˣ׼ᣬкܴܼϡ
üǲԸ⣺ܲһ׾Ұɡ
״֪׼ʲôҲԼӣҲǳ˾ߣ˵˵˳֮ϰ²뿪˵׼ֲǲȵǱ߰ٺ֮Ȼģͱ̫ˡ
á
ɰеҩݶó
ÿһֶǷװõģװҩĲҲϷƵģһܸɾ
ЩҩݶŪģٶҲ̫˰ɡ׼ܾȣΪǰҩݿɲ١


137Ǯ

ЦЦҲһŪģҲˣ߰˸˵Ͷɹˣղɵģèצ㿴ƷԲԣнһǮ
ľǽǮǮʾͻȥǶժڣ׬Ǯ
׼°ѽӴ򿪣һĽ̲סץһѳ͵ܺãֿһһ
ɶһġЩˣǺ°
ʱùӵҲһȥժɽеĽܶ࣬һɹۡ
׼ִץһѽЦǹѡ˵ǲǣȫǺŵĻ䣬ûпġ
ǺܺõļƷǮ϶
ɵͷȷҾѡģЩǲժûģҲѡ˳ɹԼȣ֪չǮҪ֪ҳˡ
ͦ뿴ģҪǰ׼ԳҲ뿪
׼ҡҡͷЩҵ˵ƽڸЩҲǺ˽⣬⼸ɽҩˣ಻
Щ۹ɣһҽɽһ˲ٿͷ
ɰװҩĲӶõһԷźãһϢ
ʱˣֻǲ֪״˵ʲôЦе뿪ˡ
״º͵ĿŹɵЩɵҩô
ɸϽҩһ򿪣ҲɵģʵֻһɽҩʣµĶǾ˾ǲɵģҩݶƳģ㿴Щҩݴ𣿡
״һһҩţ֮ͣܺãЩҩݶܺãǮȽϹǲǻб¡
ҩŹһ˾͹ˣɸһ¡
վͷȷ£Ҿ֪ҩݵչۣѾЩ˲ˣ˵ҴŴ峤Ʋǣ˵ۣԽһȥҪչҩˣ֪Ǯ
״Ϊ׼ã֣ҽݣ͸Ѷ׼ˣļǮܴһҪƷ಻õҲֻʮǮչʱҪעˡ
ĲժǮûûĹ󣬶ЩҪժһˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô׵úܣЩ磬Ϊ׬Ǯʲô鶼Դγú
ллɵΪ׼Щͦʵ
ҲչҩҲҪǮȻӻȥ֪ɼûӣİæ
ȴԸ⣬Ƿ״ô飬治Ƿȥ
ڰ־ܾҿɲҪɵӡ
״Цõû˵ǸӣģǴЩҶ˽⣬ҪûӸָҪ˵ʲôлҩ㰲չƺ֮չ⡣
һҲģԲŸһλȥչ̹ϵǰҲ˵ˣǼҩ̺ţҩչ˿
⣬ҲԸҺгһϵڣҲ̫Ŀ
״ѾߵУӳóһ˱ݸɣļǮҶˣŶǮ׬ɲԼϾҩݲǹؼ
Ȼװ״˼ȷҩûƺܹؼǰèצݸͷɹ˺üΣԺĸ֮ĻжΣеҩݻĥۡ
֪˸ɵллɵ׼ôȫ
ĵޱȵĸжа״æȻ˺ܶ鷳
״ܺãҩݰռǮƷ֮󣬳ϵģȻһӡ
ܾˣɺ͹û뵽
ӻͭǮ״ӲǮɣͶʸǮġ
һЩʳúףףŮ뿪ӡ
ҵʱҩ˻ûҲţӾͿʼԽԽá
Ժ淭ҩݣˡ
ƽɼҹϵһ㣬ʱȻҪͷ
һԺӾһĽɴϻ˰Ǳȥҩݶˡ
һûеĻվӵĶ棬ЦϢİɣƽӶǼҲչˣҲ˲˵ˣҩݽһᰴռǮչֻҪǲҩҶǮֻҪ󣬻Ӱæʴ˭ԸҩģһˣҲ˱ˣչ˵ǣ֮ǰûндһҪҲ֪ܲǮܲǿǡ
˵ܺüЦ
ùر£ЩҲá


138º䶯

Ц뿪Ǻ£Ҫ֪ͨȥ˲ӡ
ϴһԵļӺƹߵߵǵĿһӵıӰɣʲô°ɣ룬ЩԴγô죿Ҿ͵Ǻĵòһá
һȻҲһʲô̬Ǻ˽ģ֪Ŀⲻ̫̣Ҫ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ͵
ϰοһЦ鷳϶УҾ鷳ˣֻҪɱ˷Ż𣬻ûн˵£ҲΪǺãܵýİɡ
ϻǺǳҾ͵ĵʱ㴦ˡ
ᴦ˵ģҲпɽˣЩһӲġ֪ԺҪǿ
ֻܵͷڼǹ˵ʲô֧֡
ߺ󲻾þ˺ܶĸˡ
һЩţԺſš
˷еĻ˳ȥ
ԺǼӣҲûطôҽԼߵſЦŴҡ
е㼤֪峤ҵӸ£Ľúܡ
Ҳ˵׬Ǯ٣ÿôҲ׬һɣҪ׬ǮɲףǳС
˵ĿģҪǲҩе㼤Цʵ
º͵ĵͷʵڲɵҩҲ㹻ˣֻչ˴ңϾףкҲ˴Ҳǣֻڴ֮ǰҪ˵һЩ顣
ĻЩǿӲ˵ҪǲҩģΪչ˴ҡ
Ȼ̬ǿӲЧȴܺãһ棺ӶʲôҪ˵ֻ˵ֻҪŴ׬Ǯġ
⻰˵˵ú
ҲīʾҰ֮
ЩҼҳ˵ǰ棬ҩҲõҩǮҩǲܽǵģֻչŲɻҩݣϾؼģҩݺòȫƣΪƷʣǲҩʱҲҪע⣬ΪƷʺüǮߣ
˵תȥԺץѳһǺδŵģһǿŵġ
̯ƣҩչڴǰشҶʶʲôͬ
վǰ棬Ͻһǻˣһǻû
΢΢ͷŵȷչûģΪɹƷʲźãȻҲֿŵĻ䣬ǮȴЩͣǲժʱֻҲֻܿǮǶɡ
ҩʵܷҲˣæ
չʱǴ߰ģֳܶʱ䣬ҪЧʣǰ˵ŴҲֵ
ЦҶʱժһֿġ
ɺشҪҲ𰸣չǮҩҲˮֺأһһܺʵļǮǡ
ĵľǼǮһ
ǸõĶǮһ
ɼһҵʻɹһɻɹ˹Լ׬ӣ̹ȻһʮǮǿĻġ
ҪժһԲժüɲСĿһһҲʮǮ
һȺǮ֮ˡ
һһܲժ١
ǲǲժ㶼չ
ɺЦȻǲժʱ򣬲о仰Ҫǰ˵ǽɽҩòҪ̫룬ʲôҿɲḺ𡣡
Щ󻰱Ҫ˵ǰ棬Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
Ӻѣ˵ʲôֲǲˣҪǳʲôҲԼ϶Ҳ⻹Ҫʲôҩݣ
ɰʵèצݻ⼸ҩùҽһ飬˲뿪
ϻ֪ļǮĵɣʮǮһ᲻;ðɣ̫׸ˣһﻨɹ˶١
Ժûˣȴص϶׬Ǯģǵ˹һ׬ʮҡ
ʺϲժҲ֪ȵһƵýӽɹһɻ
ϼѣһ׬ʮģʮģɱԼֵأ׬Ǯ
е㼤
ڼӿ죬ĵĺܿġ
ºһЦ˵˻͵Ϻӣȵҩݶ˻ȥأ˵ˣҩݶǼ̺أʱҩݻܶط꣬ĥôֲҩݡ
Щ翪ʱǼֲƾͺܶЦ
һʼͽֲҩݣȻǲɹģǣŴ׬ǮڴнιϵôԺʲô˳


139¹ҧ

齲ѭ򽥽ɾǿһ㣬һʼûôֲҩݡ
СһȺ˻ˣɰǰյǮֵܣһٶǮɰֵֻˣһҲʮǮȥϸ﹤ǿؼȥɽϲҩҲɡ
ҪһЩҲоʮģǮҲ㡣
ɺοĿſĵļ˵ǾժǮߣʱԲڱҩչһʮǮǿһǮһһҲܲɺüɡ
ôȰǰļȻô׬Ǯô
ֵܻܺϲӺһЦհѺҲȥһժɽĽܶ࣬ҵһԾͿԲժ졣
մҲҪɽҩûҲȥҩǾЩû߹ĵط
֮ǰҩʱ͸Ǽ˵£ҲǶչˣֻимûһԹ
ȵһߣſ˫ӣõӸˡ
˾Ҳ׬ӣҩǮһҾ͸ǶǮЩǮš档
˫ȴҡͷľܾǾͲҩˣһ׬ǮĻ͹ˣȻ˾ˣ׬ǮʱҲҪ׬ǮҩҲʱ;չʲôǮչҵҲǮҲҪģ֪㲻£˾˵ĸôô㡣
˫̬ùɺΪѣĿϡ
ȴ̹ȻһЦο˾˵ģѾͷҲת䣬ͰһļǮչȵ׵ʱʾһͺãʲô׬ǮĻһ뵽˾˾͹ˣһˣҲô⡣
˽ԼΪ˵ģԲҪӣҪǹɼ˵ȥֻ˫Ļؼҡ
ίúúãӻͲȥˡ
˫һЦǰǰͲȥãŸԼױ
ڶգ컹û˾ɽˡ
ղҩļ˳أȻ¼ڱϡ
ĺãϵҩɹöܲ
սеȥЩʯһȵʱñáĥ꣬ҩݷԱߵҲܳʪʱϾ͵ʯҷ
һԼӱҩݵ̧ͷЦ˵ôôҺѾˣԺ㰲¡
֪ҩж׬ǮȥӻԽԽùĵҵһжɣ͹û׬Ǯӡ
ȥ׼ټӹһ£·ӣһθܵİƽﻹкͯˣ֣ȴѣЩֻ¶ȥɽˡ
зƵúܣҪŴһɽҩȴǸ棬̫̫ҲĺܣﶼˣҪչҩݣǼǮ֪͡
ҲҪȥҩֻȥ顣
֪֪ͲΪǼӶϾϵˡҧƻ̫̫һҶϾϵǸʱһңܶթһһ㡣
ֻǧû㵽һķˡ
һ˸췭ظĴĺڿ֪
̫̫ҲϵĻ
ǹ㣬һҪҸϾϵǼԽԽùôɽҩҲ֪׬Ǯʵ˰÷ĵǸھ
ȥɼңҲȥ£ΪҲκȥ
ҲǣҪȥٸġ
һȥٸ˼أɲȥֵط
ϽҲϾ̫̫һ첻һ죬ϱҲȥˣϱվͻӻ˿˿ηֱ̫̫Ӷô͹ˣûлһģӶˣ˵ﰡôһˣﻹռéӲʺҼ޽ǼҼʮˣӽſʼ˵ѼҸҵʵȨû䵽УʱðȨ˰ɡ
Ҫ˵ǰûģаǺ󺣺ϼƳģҪѼҵʵȨֹ
̫̫͹̫үһ㶣ûϵϻǿᡣ
žһ̫̫һϣŭˣ֪˵ʲôô
һŵĻ́ͷͰѼҽɣ˺ܶ鶼ˣ㲻ҲνּҾˡ
ֹּ̫̫Ƿһ㣬վһϣ⣬ھȻ˵ǲǳӲˡ
ò˵̫̫ǺǿˣҲܲ
ֻûϵϽ


140ҪҲ

ʵܾˣôһֱǹ̫̫ƼңֻҪ׬ǮͻƽճҲǹ̫̫˵㡣
һĿۻ׬ӣͷȴûпһǮ
һιɽ͹СɽȢһϱǷ޸ܵӵҪԡ
ӻҪԼвŻ̤ʵ
ͷԼҲˣʱѼóˣԺҾͽǡ
һԵЦţԼڰͷˡ
̫̫ؿڷָۣŹТӣǲǿҰӶóɽϱˣԾûʲôˣǷʲôΪҲ֪ǿûˣҪ췴ˡ
ԼĶʲôҪ˵Ǽٵģһʱ϶̬ԽԽ
ԭıģȻҪƼҡ
ϴһ˿м˵ôʹӦúúϢⲻΪá
ߣٰѻ˵ôΪҺã㵹˵˵ǵΪҺˣЦˣ˰ǣôûֹзǡ
͸ϲãֻҪվߣǸõĵġ
ôˣӦúúϢϢϱѼҹܺõģﻹʣһӰɡеɪĴ˽Ǯȹ̫̫Ӷ࣬һֺгɾ͸е顣
̫̫͹̫үɫ仯ЩﻹֻһֱƼҵ飬ȻжӶµõҲģ̫̫ĵЩ
ǰ˶˵ƣϻˣƫϲ˵ģȴϵТ˳
֪ƺһжı䲻ˡ
̫ү̾һҪƼҲԣҲûʲôϵֻҪּҾͳɡ
̫̫ͷŭӹ̫үں˵˵ʲôء
ǲԸѼҵȫϵģŮĻô˭֪Ƽ֮ԴǶϡ
̫үȴˣҵİѼҸǵʲôܣÿԳԺȺȾͺá
ǰǰĲôԺǻúТ˳ġ
һȥسǱȥҤӣҸȥԭûǮȰѼǮõֺһҪȥһҤŮˡ
ȴڻõ֮Լѡ
˵޶˶Ǹ̥
̫̫һ£˼š
ҪǲѼҽˣҲݡ
ʵֹһӣȻ˵һӣôóˣͿôƼҡ
뵽ȻǶ˶ҪƼңҸҲνʣһٶʮģھͽǣԺĳԴöȫǸ𡣡
Ϻ͹һ۶ܻϲ
ϵЦѹֶѹֲסͷǿ϶㰲ģϱһѼҸƺá
̫̫صԼķаȡݸϡ
ȵ޶ȥֻʣ¹̫̫͹̫үʱ򣬹̫̫һأô
뵽ǰϺ͹ûԹԣʲô˶ûһ
أϺ͹Ϊô
̫ү̾Ϣһ治ҪӣҪȻһܹ߶㿴ѾͷѼŪúģ˴ô˲ҩ˵ҪǶ׬Ǯ
ҲĽﶼ£Ҫ֪ɡ
̫̫֮ҲЩĽ׬òٰɣҩӦȥ˰״û뵽컯ã˰״ĸ֦ȥȺϤܸоѾͷԺ컯ܴ󡣡
õҲİˣɽҩЩˣҲĽԺƼˣ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ˵㡣
߹ɿ˼Ƶϻؼ
ӴͦģֻùȲݼ׵ǽڳͲι̡
ʱɣҪǳʱ϶ԡ
֮÷꼾ҲҪˣҩݲܳҲ취
Ǽ޽ݡ
󴺵ڰæҲǸǮġ
õ֮󣬹ͻȻ뵽һð취ǽڷ絲ꡣ
һܵ󴺼˼ʮ
Ϻ͹һ£ȴˣ˾˺һֱסҲɰﻹЩ͸硣
۸ֶֻϧ
ɰο˼ʮǰǽڣȲݺúܶ࣬ʱֻί;˾סˣȵӣǼҾ͸Ƿ
Ǻ뷨ģһ
ûڵʱ˾½½ˡ
ɺϿʼæµȻǧһҪֿժﻹкܶ˲չʱûĻһֻܰվǮһչ
èצ֮ҪϴҩôҴȥϴɾˮ֣һù


141¿Ĺ

ǮУԴҲԸ㣬˵˻
ȻҲ˲鷳һεҲС
ȵǻʱ򣬹ѾչʮĲҩûչôûȥ֮
ǽһطҲ˹ɵĻֻժŸ˾Ȼʮò˵Ǻġ
ɾѯСֵܵ˼ܶѡÿ㣬Ҫÿ㣬ھͰǮǡ
Ҳ鷳;ñҪôô
ÿ죬鷳ǵǣпյʱ㡣
ëʰֵܵҩϣְ󴺺˫ǵĳˣһæˡ
Ž
һ磬ɻû𴲵ʱֺģΪǴ׼ɽϸһȴ˿
Ϻ͹Ҳϵôˣ
һڴѳȥȴɫûҷΧˡ
һžͿǰʲôˣ
ص˵ɽ˸ϱҶء
ɶɺ𾪵ĿŴת;ܣϾɽôҪȢϱҲûԸ޸
˵ǺҪϱʲôӡ
ûȺأ˿
ǶƭӣһҶƭӣ˵ǹɽϱΪʲôҪСɽ˯ŮЩ󳳴š
ŭһǻʲôʲô
Ҳû뵽ɽôΪҪŵҵģû뵽ҹͻ˼ҡ
СɽȻһûסŮӵıѡ
ӿŮӣܵԺţ˴ˡ
վڹԱߣЩ治Ҫⲻ̣˼ҹô
ˣԭֵȢһϱޣ˽ܲˡ
ǰҲйޣֵһϱҲУûж˼ԸŮ޸˼ңܶ˶ǲȡķʽɽϱҲӸҵģȻܲ˵ĳ
ָϴҪҵҪβΪҰ֮ǰ˵ҼҲӦôһȥһȥŲھѰ
Ϻ͹ɽһѰˣǻϱҪڽӴģҪˣ˽ˣҪǣ׻Ӿ˷ˣûж˷ѡ
СɽЩǷϣû뵽ﶼƲͷЩܡ
ɽһȭͷ˹Сɽŭ֮ǰˣΪαԡ
ʵɽ͹Сɽû˯˼ҹǣǰ漸ɽ˯Ȱѹܵ÷֮͵͵ùСɽ
ֻû뵽ûʼأСɽͻˣñЦ
Сɽҷֻǵͷɹɽ
ŮƼЦˣӸң᲻ģɽ˭Ը޽ܲסϳǮ࣬ҪܶӣҪüǮ
Ϊ׵ĻӵĲ͹ˣȴӡ
һҲԤıôȻƭƭѡ񣬵һֻ֤ǹɽϱСɽ׼ңڶѡǼҰ˸ǣ¾Ͳˣѡ
Сɽίúܣôͳǵõģһ˱ˡ
еίȫŮӵǷϡ
Ϻ͹̫̫ܺ£̫̫˿̷ˣѡһޣ㿴㶼ǼˣЩҲ˵ˣǰ˸㣬Ҳװ׵ģԺҲӰ찡СɽҲһʱͿǸ㱣ֻ֤Ǵɽϱ
ɽ̵ģԼܵȢһϱҲԸ⣬ֻǼû취
û뵽һֱƫԺҪ˼ҹá
Сɽˣ֮ǰǴӦҸһϱҲҲҪϱ
̫̫Ϊ̾ϢһѾѼҸ׵ˣԺЩ¶ҪϱҪ
СɽίĿϡ
۵İοһξȢϱٸȢһ
òװŮӣһųŮӽݡ
˼ûϷ˶ɢˡ
ҡͷû뵽һ治Ҫ
ʼǼҹҲûˣһλǮ϶ܶ࣬˵һǲǻãǰٵǮȢϱؼңȴһֱҪԼܻŪڸûƵǼҡ


142Ȣ

ȨһЦҲ˿͡
صУһڶû˯⣬ȴһ͵ȥϣΪ׼Ҫˡ
ĥһµһǾ͵ȥϣ͵øϻؼ
ڵ鲻ãȴļеԥǼô죬ôҩܵ˿š
ҲȥɽϲɽˣôæҲãϸĥһ£ֻ鷳˾˰ſһˣҩ벻ˣȴϻ˳žͰʯˡ
ڼﶼǹڰţϺ͹ĵš
⵹ҲʡģҹģҲк
Ϻ͹׼緹ȵ˫֮Ͱ˵ˣӶ˺ˬĴӦ
ȵһߣɾæµˡ
յҩݣ֮ͰǮˣԺӵʱ򣬹ɴӿʼɹ
ЩҲ˶ǺһժģǮһǶúܻ㡣
Ҳùɺһɹһ߰ѿѡ
ӽһٽĽѡҲǺ
Ժļϣװˣһš
칫֮ǰĶˣ̫ҲرֻҪɹúҲá
Ϻ͹һһѡţ̾Ϣһ˵ЩôģһǮ˵˻ǲ㰡ʮǮһﲻ׬Ϊʲô͵׬Ǯġ
ʵһûıȿٺܶ࣬˾Ϊ˷㣬ԸժһҲԸֿ
ĵҲأǸ˹
ҪǷǲܵģϾЩ˶Ŷժһ㣬Ļܶʱ䣬ԸǮҲԸֿѡӦܰôѡꡣ
黹治˸ɵģһҲܡ
һʱյĶǽбҪѾĸŶҪǱҲԸãҲæùˡ
˵ܲܰѾĸб㺰æߺæҲС
˵仰һ£ܺæ¶۰Ҫ˿϶ڿ죬ʱˡʹˣҲôࡣ
Ͼò鷳ǣ˾֮ǰͽڼժǲ鷳ˣѡѡġ
Ȼһ㣬׬Ǯܶ࣬չɹҲжʮңһ׬ʮǮҪ˵һҲ߰ǮɣһЩˡ
ϾܾҲֻܽܡ
һһ죬м仹ȥɹ̫󣬽ܶ඼Ѿɹˣ̫ɹջϾûˡ
˻϶һѷȥһطΪһνɽǸˣҲûʲôΣա
ֻչʱԱˣһʲ֪ժ̫ˣֲɽܵɽ࣬ҶһԶһ㡣
ջḻ϶֣ժʱҲо飬һժľȻȴ˻Ҫ࣬Ȼһԭǣ˲ֻժһ֡
˫һ˵ؼҵ¾ʹӦˣ˫ԼؼңǺ֪ô
Ŷɺ˾ˣ鶼źˣǮҲ˫ҩ˫˶Ǯ
׼ᱳС¨Żѳ˴ӡ
һڶѣɴ׶ɫȹһ¡
һ·ߺܿ죬ѻ˺üʱ˰׼ҡ
׼ⶼһϲſڹֻɫĲϣŴϲ֣һԺӣԺҲźͺ첼
⻹һڵһ׼ҡ
׼ҵԺȻһĵǺܴ󣬵ͷ䣬Ժһһһ̳źܶ໨ݣԺĵ϶שķȫܸǹʮö˼ҡ
˼ڴλæȻ졣
Ժ濴ȥһЩˡ
пһţƼ˹һڣʱ¶С
лأôˡ
۵ĿŹɣ׼˵ˣչҩݡ
ǰǣŹɵϧ˵׬ǮȻҪҲñԼ㿴㶼ôࡣ
ɲǣչ̫·ɹҩݣһʱ͵÷ɹһΣôɹһҲӡ
ϰ׼õϵĪҪǵһ⡣
ǼõĶȫˣ״һҶԹɺܺãǶУȻҪĶԴ׼
ϲ⻰ɫһ˵ʲôأһˣһ˿ɲ⡣


143ӭ׶

һԸ͵ɲǣ˵Ͳˣһˡ
ϹһЦĺãѾͷϲ
ȥӭ𣿡û׼ȥӭˡ
ϴŹɺϽݣѾȥæˡ
һӣϾŹ£ĵǰɵ˵Ϊˡ
ɵͷƲǼң˵ǼԩҺ͸粻岻ףǸˡ
ƺһɫãŮ˻ϹڣǰûҪְ֪ҽӵģһӦŻ£Ҿ͵㣬֪ǲý˵Ůӣ¸һˣʱֵüլġ
е⣬ǰҩõӰе
ɰοﲻõɩӲˡ
ҲһȰ˵
һЦѾͷ֪￪ģʱæˣúһ
֪һʱǲժʱٹһʱƻȵҩľͶˣʱֻ¸æ
ɺˬĴӦ϶úģոҲæаæĵطֻ˵
ѵ˾ǿˣһǵһҼأ鶼԰Լеģ͸ڸߣҴʶʶһЩˡ
ʶĴ඼Ǹͷˣ֮ҪܸʶҲҪ죬ԹԺа
ůůģȻϾʹӦ
вסʼæк˺ȲԹӡ
½½ˣɹɵվߣÿ˶ЦкܶԹɺĶ̲סʼ䡣
ò˵˿װɽһ磬֪ģǴ˼ҵС㡣
һܻĵĽͣŮ
ʵһԭ򣬾ҪûʺϹɵ˼ң˵ࡣ
żҵĿ˺ܶ࣬ԺӴӵӶڷźˣҲæкˣҲæù
״źüλү˵ԶԶĿŹͤͤվſھοŮɵĸо
׼ӭ׶ŵģΪóҪա
ǰһȺ˴Ŵ࣬׼ڸͷϣӻӭ׺׵ĶԶԶһӾùɾȡ
û˳ףȴûӭ׶飺ְ
һԵЦеҲŪô֡
Цţҳײ컹ÿ
ɲǣ׼մźɫѣͷϵİڸҫۣ˶˵һҪϲ£ҹ,ʱ׼׵ɹ٣ݵģһԿֵļλɬѡ
Լӱ佱ȻҪģϺԺĵͷû뵽СӺúôµҲӢɪӡ
ɲǣ׼ڵɪ
ϵİ׼ΪܵܶŮӵĿ⣬е⡣
ֻһۣվߵĹɣʱήˣ˲
ɺͰ׼ദ˺ܳһʱ䣬׼ʲôһ۾ܿ
һЦð׼ʵ̫ˣҲ֪Ժɧʲôӡ
׼ͱǣˡ
ýһ˵˼伪Ļžǰ׼߽ţſڣѾ˻衣
һߣýžͱ˽Σű˿衣
׼ɣ̲סýÿ
һ仰˹ɵİۡ
˵Ҳ佱ġһǿ߰׼ɪûߵӡ
׼ЦãɪʱûɣҪǿҲͲɪˡ
˵ĻϿУҲ̲סЦˡ
ඣ׼㣬ô˿أǰ׼˶
׼εץץԴ治Ҹ׼˶
Ϻ͹Ҳǰ׼ĸɵ˾ϺͰ״ߣ֪ͺһء׼ǣӵʼ
ŸŵϺ͹һ㱣·߸ó׵ľǹɣϧеĿɬֻԼס
ⱲӸɿ¶ֻ飬ҲˣΪ֪Щǿ󲻵ãĵȻźҲңΪãԺúá
붴֮󣬸ղŰĳ
һֱкˡ
ϯʼ˵ܷʢܷʢ
ǰڴԾƣԹõϯǴ峤ҵģ׼ҵϯǱȲõġ
ϼѼһһ̵ϣٽžǸˣõ
ϵߣһӳ׺͸⣬ȫǸ̫̫
Щ̫̫Щܲˡ


144¶û

ʵѾϵ⣬ôĸ̫̫ʵҪɫõ˼ҡ
鲻֪ô˵ܾĻϾһΪá
ȻڵȴֻţԸλ̫̫΢ЦĴк
һλɫжԽµķˣһʵλ˼𣿡
ϵĿľҪɽܣһЦûأŮ⣬ûʱ䶨ף˵
ϵĸ̫̫һ⣬Ǻ棺ʲôⰡôСˣû뵽ôܸɡ
ɲǣ˳棬û뵽ŮҲܣǵûӵ˼Ҳ֪ɼá
Цŵչҩأǰջһϣ˲ǮŮܸТ˳
Ҳ΢Цˡ
òߵ׼ƣŰ׼ѾЩ⣬̲סĵǡ
׼֮Ű׼˽ϵôôࡣ
׼ЩˣЦӳû治ÿ
⻰һŵס˰׼죺ں˵˵ʲôء˵šһ°׼ĸ첲⻰Ҫȥɲˡ
׼ľһ㣬ЦһƯҲ֪ӭ׵ʱȻڼﳳ֣ⶼ᲻
Ҫ˵ⲻ⣬϶һ⡣
׿õģȻ˵ʲôеɬ
Ժֻ²
ǰ״Ͱ׼ؼ˵ȡ֣ʱǣû뵽
ȻŰ׼ƭ̾ϢһҲֻˣ˶ѾȢؼˣҾ͸ء
׼ǿɬҡҡͷȥӾơ
緹֮һϣǻؼҡ
ϺͰ״֪ڹһұȽæ
ſڣ״˵ʱ̲סѾͷ̫ˣһҩҽ͵ȥҴһ°ǵļǮչҪһЩҪҩݶһҲ׬ܶࡣ
ȴҡͷչҲŻõ׬ٶҪҵҩ֤ǰһҲкüʮأһֱڽĥɹһٶɻʱ͵ȥ
״ĵͷ⵹һ취һǾ仰׬ǮȻҪϣ㻹չ˺壬ʵҪġ
һڸ뿪ֱȥϡ
ʯңһЩҪĶر˺üʮЩҪõġ
ĺãһ·Ϻŵ
һٶɻ˾׬üأȵҩչ֮ǮúôţԺԷչչȵյʱڸչҩݣĥţҩǮᴫԶƺܶ˻֪ϢʱǺܶ˶ҩݡ
žǱǮԽԽܿϣȥǲǿԳΪҩݷӡ
ؼҵʱ˫ڷҩݡ
˫һЩʳҲԸţļŽҶ
ʱ򣬹ɸܵεһȴϡ
ͦƵģڼǸˣ̫̫ȴһ㲻ˣСɽּҪȢϱϾͲӣҲ˵һ˳ԳԺȺҪӣȢϱҪüأ˶ڲҩҹ˵㻰ȻĵӣڴǸ佱ɡ
мĽⲻʵ̲ס͵˹ɼҸƣΪľҪɼղչҵҩġ
ӲͷƤƣԺļӣôҩݣиǼʣЩҩݻӵöǮ
ԽԽܣҪǰûϾϵԹ߽ȥɣأô죡ȥûС
ɿϣҲװûԹԵϵҩݡ
ʲôЦʲô֪Բʲô¡
˭֪ʲô
˲մȾϲǶԵģҪһմ˭֪öôߡ
ϻ˺һᣬջǲĵ뿪
̫̫ɹ̫½ŵĹպһ֣Ǹദġ

ŸӴײǽˣԼӺôǰŮ˸ˣԺҲڲˡ
ǷϵĻ⡣
ǰ׬Ǯ鶼żڼҲˣôҲżˣ˭Ըż˭ȥ
Ųյɹ̫һӻ
ߵ£ץСϵĲ豭ͺһڣﻹУһ㶼ļĳԴöȰ
̫̫̲סЦˣΪʲôҪİЩõĵ£ǰ˭˵ĽڼﰲĵţúТҵģ컹ûȥأôͱˣҲǸôҪô׬Ǯ


145ҩ

ӴһҵײǽŹƽ
̫̫ϵЦݸЦеͿҪӿСӰ绹ôо
ϵɫһ㣬ɪĶܲȥ
һƣҲȥⲻΪô㿴ɽϱˣҪ˺Ǽ￪󣬽ɽǲˣմ˶ɽﻹʲôﰡĥţܲܳȥ˵˵Ҳҩ
׬Ǯ׬ĺܼ
ƫ£¹ɲչҵҩݡ
̫̫һϣԽͲ֪ɽҩ֮˰㲻ǵĹɲչҩݣ˲ͺ׽ˡ
⵹ǲİ취̲סЦӺãҪǿԵĻʲôⶼˡ
ҲȥԹɣҲȥʹɡ
ʱһȥɫЩ仯ҲժĽԽԽ٣Ѿժ˴£ڽĶˣɾʱϢˣ˫Ҳûؼһˡ
չҩݵʱ͸˵¡
ɽеȷûʲôɲɣҩݸҲڲˣ˵Ϣյȵȥ֮󣬴Ҳûʲô
Ҫ֪ҵġ
ҲҵɣʱҼһ׬˲Ǯ
;ȥһϣѶʮ⼸ζҩһˡ
ϳԷʱ򣬹ɸ˫ʱǮһӣò˵ǺܴһǮ
˫Ｄ
ɣⱲӶûôء
һԵ¸ŵͷͬСһ㣬ӸĿɰ
ʱĳɹЦ˾ѵضֲҩݰɣˣƾЩǮܹ⣬յʱ򻹿ڼؼֵ֣ǰݺ󡣡
û취ˣؾôһ㣬˫Ҳһĵغܶ࣬ǰݺĿյҲࡣ
˫ԹǷˣɡ
û뵽ԼֶŮô
ܶʱ򵥶һ͸оǰˡ
ӾЪϢЪҹ·Ҫȥ
ϲΪβչҩˣ˵ܲժսΪ㲻չˣ
̾Ϣһ˲չˣҪջ׻ˣҲ֪ʱֻҪ͵úüաչĽ֮ܳǰɵʱֿɹҲû¡
չɲɣⱾ
϶ԹɵأȻľôĵĵ
Щۣر̲סĴ˺ü¡
ɿһۣôˣ
е㵣ǵĿŹ֪ҲˣҲǣοԼҲܵᱳ۵ģΪЩˡ
ÿһμҩݶǹȥʲôҲǹһһȥôԶ·ۣο˶
΢΢һЦοûû£еۣտԺúϢϢ
ɵͷ⼸վԲùš
Ѹ˵ҩûɵĶɢɹ
գۿźԽԽ࣬ڣˡ
еҩݶս棬ӵʱΪͨ磬ݶ˰˸ûǽڣʯңеźá
ҲһͱҩݶѾˣˮֲûʣ¶٣ɹҲû⡣
һˣæµôѵϢÿն˯ܾõﻹкܶҩݣĥŵȵеҩݶɹȥǡ
һιҩȥҩã״˵ʱҪˡ
Ҳǣ״ҩñϾֻôҩҲܶѻ̫ࡣ
׬Ǯһܾһÿÿ϶׬˺üģеĻҪһЩ
ӼҵǮҲˣɸ˻˹СΪȢ޵ӻϴչˡ
죬Žת硣
̫һʱҩóȥɹ
ֹգҲˣ˫ˣһ
һ˫ȥʱ뵽Ҫȥҩݣɽû˭ͬ˽ˡ
˫Ͽһ
ɺһ򿪣ȫǽ
ĸ̫˰ɣժôࡣ
һӿʮ
˫һЦѩҲժˣЩǴժġ
ɺֱӰѽѡ˫źҲһѡ
ʮﰴ㰡ҪǾܾҸ㼱ɺ˵š
˫ΣôҲֻܴӦģʮﰴ㡣
ֵյȵ泹׸͸еҩݶССĳװҩɶֻܸ˫ڼݳλá
һҩݿɲ٣üٽء
һȥǾֻйɺ˫ҲΪİȫһ·϶סĿջ


146¸߼Ǯ

ڵյʱ˰ǣһɱһλԭȻǲԶΪϵҩݿԻǮ
ͣڳҵҩ̸ȥ˳ҡ
ţһοŵСˣһС˺ܶ࣬̾ͽȥ
ܻϲûϵɾȻˣ˷ܵĴԺһ·Сܳ
ʱɹˣԵĺһȦȴ˸ӣ˿Ҳˡ
ԵɵʱȾһ£
ˡ
Цеߵǰס´Źɡ
ܵߣЩ˼һʱı仯Щ
΢΢һЦǲǸоҺˡ
ͷ۵˵Ǻ˺ö࣬һʱɹ˺̫ܶô
ڻûнӹе⣬Ҳ˶˵һ¶ҷأȴɽˣһ̾Ȼ˲١
ɺ̹Ȼú˾ͺˣһʱ䲻ɹ̫ͻ׻ȥҲòżƽԼĺڰףһ˵Ǽչҩݻô
ò״аѾӪҩݵӵУͷȻôҩ
ҲһһʮĻش𣺡ҩͣҩøһδǽҳɫĺá
ԼĶȻҪúÿ佱һ˵Ҳûк˵˵еҩݶƵģɫ϶Ҫúܶࡣ
һϲô֪ҩȱⲻյˣܶ˼ҶҪȥݲ裬ǰģûչ٣Ϊǰʱһֱ꣬ճɲá
룬չҩݵĵطӦúԶϾժǶʱܺãֻ˵طԶˡ
һδһٶҲ̹Ȼˣһһ˵ɡ
·ϾͰԼ˶ٽ˵һ飬⻹һЩҩҲһ˵ˡ
ԽԽȣһιʵʱ򣬱ΪҩֻǹһҲɣû뵽ȴôе˶Ųҩ
ʵ˾Ȳѡ
ҩøҵ˫ֱͣҩſڡ
ҩõƹͻһͳæеҩݶ̧˺á
ƹһҲģҩȱľǽȱɫõĽ
򿪴ӣƹץһѳһǻǶɫͻϲúܣȫϵȵĽ
˵ɫã׼ֻһƹеҩоֳɫȷϵȵġ
չǮһϵȵġѯƹ
ȻӹҩãЩҩݼǮûܣϾרҵģ¶۴
ƹܻԹɫһ۾Ϳ͹ֻ¹ϵѰΪС¸óһˡ
ˬİչ߼Ǯֳɫһٶʮһ΢һİʮһ
һӾ˶ʮģѹסϲΪ֮ǰ״˵˼ǮΪϵչ۱ͱһЩ
һٶһٶʮﶼǳɫõģʣµʮɫûôˡ
˫ǮҲ𾪣״һ֪ģԼҲа˽ϵȵģεģһӣ̲סİסؿڣоÿ졣
û˵Ǯ㻹𣿡
⻰æͷ⣬ƹúü飬Ƿֿװġ
ƹеĴһҩݳɫҲܲ
ðһ䣬Щҩݶ˭ƵģƽҲҩûɫôõġ
⻰ûùɻش𣬳ŻشˣȻƵģҩݻβأϽеҩݶˣһ飬˼ôԶŻûԷء
ʱ֣ûԷ
òһΣ϶ôŹɵ߳һԣһξԲ֪ͨԶСӶԹɵ˼Ϊ
ƹеҩݶˣ˼ǮȻжʮӡ
Ż˹ɣ׼Ҳһӣôûôء
ȵĿƹȻôడ
ЦʮӣһٶҩѵֵǮӺúõţŪˡ
СķţȻȥѰ״ʮӻʣµľʱ׬ġ
Ͼ˵Ǯˡ
ΪÿӣǮڰ״Ǯ
һλȥһʱҪˡ
ǿҪҿջһεһҡ
Է¥һ٣ҲûонǷˣֻԺĻˡ
극˵һ£ֲ˲ٵĻƾ֪ǵʱղչ
ȻչģֻҪҩĶʱһƹкûڵʱҲʱȥչҩĲڣҪ鰲źá


147Դ

극Ҫɵתת˫ȴЩƣ
ųǺˣŹҲʲô¾ʹӦȥ
ɫѾЩˣϵ˴ɫҴңһγܶණȤĶ뿪ʱ͵ȫС
ȡһεĽѵûٸҶ࿴ϾǷĹˣԼԺ󻹲ꡣ
ûһ˵Ҫˡ
ЦЦͷˣǰá
һһ£׼ϲɵģڳ˾һ֣ҪŬˣɾ͵˵ףһҪڼлȨ
˵£ͬͺá
Ǽҵ˳׶Ƚһû⡣
һǰͣ¡
ԶС˺ͳϤԶԶĿһλŮһ͸Զ˵ˣԶȻҪʶʶͳһŮӡ
ǵ˶֪ϲŮӽӴִĵһѲǶǼС˼ˡ
ֻû뵽ǣһŮӾȻǹɡ
ʱûɣΪҪǣҪ뿪ÿɵʱһҩ鿴ڴĹҲڿ͵顣
ָое˵㣬ϲòǺܳڣȴ۲ѵĹ
Զɫеˡ
ԶЦŴк幫ӡ
Ҳ̹ˣԶ겻ɢǲǣûƻ֪ͨԶȴԶڴץˡ
ее˥֪Ͳˡ
Զһ۳ɵʱȴ湫ӣº͵ЦݹϣҲ֪ͨһ
û֮ķЦŽͣǽҩģҲôһͻ뿪
ҵҩ𣿡Զʵ
ЩˣȻҼҵҩðƵҩݿɺˣǽȫõġ
Զܺ棺˶ҩ
һٶɣ඼ǽ幫Ҫؼ𣿡һ⸻˼ҵ治һƤõĶǳУȴ˴ѲϻҪá
Ҳţȵ˸ҲһͲÿȥϱˡ
Ҳɺܶࡣ
ԶЦ˿϶ؼˣ׼ȥģ
һˣ˵Ҫǻȥ㰡Ͻؼҿȥɡ
޲ϸԶﰭʲôûɹ֡
Զƺһﲻ׳Сžţһ˾໥̹ˣϲɣҲ
ڿЩɣּͥҪϲһŮһݳ޵¡
ϲһû˵Ϊʲôÿʱĺ̲סĲԷʲôǲǰãûչ˺Լ
ӸЩ˶ϲŮ鳤ˣԼﰲŵĻһҲͬ⡣
ֻǲ֪ΪΣ֪ʲôʱװ˹ɣӴ˾ͻ֮ȥ
һ۳Ҫң˵´Ӧû
ϺǣҪ̨ţѵĵӦӦֲϲԷ
ɸţǰǺ«ģϽȥһ͵ݸ˹ɣһҵıǺ«õĲɽ髣õǱĹӣһҲŶ
ҲǺ«ģ涼ǹɽ髣ᣬÿһζۡ
ܺĽӹҧһڣѡ
ĲᰡѺúϡ档
Զ¶һ˿ơ
СԴǺܷġ
Զеһ򿪣ŷ磬һ˿紵ùɾú
ɣһҽ㿴ûУ
ߵҲǺܾн˵ôнСˡ
мĶԶһЦһЩҾ幫ӣЩҩҵģм仹кܶ±ҿ˰ѹ±㣬Ҹɵ˵ҽܹء
ǼصĹ±ڰ״ȵ״꣬ûȥúÿ
ԶǸռģҪ黹ܾĶɲܻЩ鶼Ϊ׼ģ㰲žͺˣ˵ĻԺٸѼһЩ
ǰһѧϰʱҲûţÿ϶ῴһ㣬Ϊ״˵ѧֹ
ϽҲѼһЩҼҩҲҩ⣬ӴЩĻܶ࣬һʱҰѼ㡣
лϲϽһա
Զ̾Ϣһĵʧ䣺ĻͼˣҪϿ


148ƽ

һԼԴһ顣
Ͻѱϵƽȡһһ͸ˣǸƽǸģҰѶء
еƽйɵ¶ȣԶͳСİƽ·Ⱳյõ
ллĸԶϵ˵
ҲͬĻ
ϵİǱһζźӰߣӰԶȼ˻ơ
ʮ壬Ǳ߿򻨵һյ
ͷյһյƽһյ幫ӸУһյһ˳
򻨵ƵǮԶͳҪȴԼǮеСƢģŸá
ȼƷˮУԸֹ֮һᣬԶ͹ɻ˿ջ
˲һԶԥһµҾϲˡ
һֺصΣУһβ˵ˣҲϲ
ҡҡͷ¶һ˿ʹࣺ֪ҴûжǸŮӶĹһܲܡ
֪Ҳϲɣġ
ʱϲˣ˵ʲô쵰أ붼룬ɲǻȥϲɣԻɵѡǰƽǸ˵һ£һܾģ֪Ҽҵӳɻ鱾һ꣬ȵ˵׵ʱ˵Ҳ٣ɻ⣬һʡ
ԶûĵĵطǼŵڣʲôŵԣҪһѣȡ
˸˼ͬһ飬ߵСȥҩĽԶһֱ߰˽ȥ
ڶһȥһЩͺóԵģЩҪϺͰ״Եġ
һΰ״̫ܹ࣬ʮӸء
ȥҪܶˣΪ档
ϵʱѾϦ¡
硣ɽҩãŰ׼ʰӡ
ɴȤٹǲǲųɻԭ򰡡
׼εĻͷһ۹ɵɱ˵ˣŮ̫ˣż޽ãҪ뿪ɡ
ɺܾȣ׼֮ǰͼƻҪ뿪ģŮҪ
Ǹɵô˵ܺ档
׼ƺһҲҲǣԽҺվ뿪֮ǰ˵ȥѧҽģȥ˾ǣҹҲҪȥǡ
ǾüͷﵽǿɲأһʱأԽ幫ˣҲҪϿ
׼ȴȥǽѣȥǺãҾҪԶһ㣬Ů̫Ѳˣô͸ѡôһŮˣһ
ùɸ𾪣ôôǰŲͦͻݵġ
װ£ҵûлȥβȥˣзƣһֱ߶㣬Ҳʰˣȥɡ
ȵ׼ţ˫˻˼ҡ
׼ţŵ㣬Ҳǹɵһμ㣬ЩֻȧǸ߸¡ô˵ءʡ͵ĵơ
˰԰׼̬ȲǺܺãתͽݣҲûɡ
һӡ͸ˣеͬ׼ôȢʡĵġ
׼ŹɽԺӣ˫ԸŽȥš
Ÿĸͳʳݡ
վһ۹ɡ
ϵɫǺܺãҲֻǿ¶С
ôˣɫ̫ð
̾ϢһҡҡͷǺˣôѡ㣬ʡģðɡ
ɼϲ˵ɣȴ˵ѸͳʳЦǰիĸ㣬ЩǰϡĳʳһЩﳢһ
һ㣬о÷ƣŹɵ־ߡ
ߵſڵʱΪ޽´ˣԺụ̂ܽͻȥɣ׼黹ǻдġ
ûвɫ׼ȴܻϲ
û뵽Ȼɿˣ֮ǰһֱѵ㣬ֻΪġ
ʱڣΪһƢǺܺõģֵĺ޲óҲͰˣŹҲûɫкҲһֵǣ͵͵żҵĶá
һιҾ͵˺öСȥ˭̡
׼ֻЦ㣬ȵϺ͹ɽݣΪ޸Ҿ´󼪣óҾ㡣
Ҿſڡ㷴༥
׼ȴЦˣֻǣҲʬΪвңЩ飬ˣƴҲֽкãǼҵǺܺõġ
֮⣬˻ǡ
ɫ԰ЩĵǲΪѾͷˡ


149ί

׼Цһʲôû˵һ˼Ͽʺӣ֮Ҫȥǣڼʵʵġ
֪ģôһ˿϶ͺţǼҴûжԲкõĵһʱ䶼һѾ߽ź
ȴĽԳأ᲻Щ̲á
߹ɺһݣϾͰŸˡ
һֱǿȴɰѹŻˡ
ôˡ
ϽóӸϲᣬ۲ѡ
ϽӹӰɣҡͷЦ˵ǲǻã
Ҫ˰׼ȢɶãʲôŵԣΪԼѡһĶϱ׼ѡһϱ
ڻ̲סʵѵ㲻ദ
£̾ϢһֹǲദȫǾøҲ֪ӽŵںף£ÿóָֻŵģҵôýŵĻ
Ҳ֪ô˵ý죬Ķ˵ɻģĶԴȥýĻһ䶼á
ģԺٴˣҪȻֿסҲС
òһദͲദ
̾ϢȵϺӾͶˣҰŵֻкӡ
Ҳ֪϶Ժӵжأο
ȵϺӣסòľȥҩðɣǱʲôУѾźҲ¡֪ϵƢϲִеƣʲôԼԼܣҲԸ˵ڡ
Ҳǰ취ϣܹÿġ
ࣺ㶮
뵽ӣϽʮӳϵڸɵӣһζ˸ɵҪȻҶûǮչҩأһһ׬˶Ǯ
ϰӷ˹棬һ£ӡ
ЦҡͷʮأǮȫˣڼʣµӾ׬ģȵʱ򸽽ҩݵ˸࣬ҵʱҩҲ࣬׬Ǯƻܶࡣ
δ˺ܴڴ
ϺΪɿġ
̲סŹɵԴѾͷܸɣɵÿһأ˵ҩƺܺãҸû뵽㻹ôõͷԡ
Цĵⲻ˵ĺ統ңϵЦҲģǰǵļӹȥҲˣҳ׵ҲԸˡ
Ȼ˵Ѿͷ㻹ҪƻţϾʹ˲żҡΪɵš
ɲǺ׵£ܼܲ޳ȥҪҪҵһĵˡ
Ѿ׺ˣɻæŻؼңο֮뿪
׼͵Ĺɣ߳ſڣɾͳŰ׼˽⣬ԽԽҪͷ۸ֻҪǶԵ̫ҲǨ͡
˹̫̫֮ףЩǹ߲õġ
Խǹ͵ôߵҪ۸㡣
׼ƶǶĵͷҲûȰ˵
˫һǷʲô飬ȴûжʡ
ֻǰļ
صѾҹΪߵĵ·Ƚơ
Ϻ͹˵˼仰ʵòоֱȥ˯ˡ
һ˯ɹͣʱ˫Ѿ˼ҡ
ҩݽʱˣһʱǻؼæũ
ɰѼеǮһ飬̲סЦǼʮء
Ϻ͹Щţرľȡ
̲סҴûôӣҲûôӹ
һ˶һ۶Цʱȫ˶ֵ࣬õˣ뵽ǰһ굽ͷ治һӣȴ׬ôࡣ
ɱȵǿԵĸпŮˣбˡ
佱ȻǿĵģһҲ벻˵İ
̲סҲ֧ңȵƾյʱƻǮݺĻƾʩˣϧǼûҲȽ١
ڼǮˣǲõݶ鷳
ţ̽ҪǼҲɡ
ĥţĻзʹˣ⻰һ͹ֱӾܾ
ͰڼҺúϢʱҲûʲôúõϢҲ׬˶Ǯɽҩ
ҲǰףͰڼҴţʲôı׬˶ӣԸϢ
˷Ҳû£ţȻ˶ͬͲ
ɵҪȥһϣ뿪ʱ϶᲻ߣֻʱѹЩˡ


150ѧͽ

ϱŪᣬû˵ˣѹֺҲ³¡
һʱû£Ұ׼Ҫ뿪ҩãû˿ҩÿ϶У˵ܿɹĻᡣ
û£Ҫһʱ䣬סÿ϶ʣ鲻ãʱסǱߺú
Ϻ͹鲻ã󴺸ÿȥҩð﹤Ҵʰ
ͦͬϵģͷӦˣҲû£ȥһǺõģ˳Žһ̴󴺣ܸŰ״ѧϰǴ󴺵컯
Ҫѧҽɾ汲ٹˡ
ôֱ֮ȥ󴺡
֪ҩ֮󴺾ʰ˶׼ȹһæȥϣҩ׬һЩǮȵ׵ʱҲ֧ǰҪĻǸŰ״ѧϰҽ
һ˵ͳˣ˵ڶһȥϣһιʰ˼׻ϴѡ
Ȱ󴺴ҩãԼȥ˰׼ҡ
ţŵСѾߣѾһǸúܻѾͷ
һһʶ˹ɣ֪Ƿ˵ĸŮ̬Ȼ
һݣûˡ
һƼɾĵΪ׼ϵãΪм䡣
˵ˣ׼֮ǰԹɺ⣬˵ĹϵҲõúܡ
ڰ׼Ȼִ˯ų׶þȻִ˵ȥƱ˻Ц
ûϣһ˵ϳȥˣȻŻ̧ͷһɫƵ㣬ѹŮˡ
᲻ȡ̹ʱ룬ɱһأĸ˻һһģһ
Ϊо飬Ͼ̫̫˵ĶɱȺ㣬ߡ
һ˵ĲԾӲͷƤɵһվһԣʹͷʹڸС
λӳܣһСѾ߿ΪþǲҪǣõʱۣ޵ĵضûˡ
һϣⲻǰ뿪˽ôˣ⻹Ű׼סôҲѹ֣׼Ҫ뿪ˡ
Щ˼ԶƢöã˲ҲˣȻҪҲûҪǡ
ºһЦ㻹¶ˣⲻŸҪˣŶദգ˵ˣҹƽҲи˵ˣ˵ǰɲģһڼУ泩ֻϧá
ĺܣ׼ڶ״ƽﶼ࿴һۣҲǾţ׼ÿŻرһ˰ᵽһȥ˯
һңϻŪҪ˴С
ԽԽܸܵˣ֮ҲԽԽء
˵⻰ʲô˼Թ޵ĶŹɣ˵˿϶ġ
ü˿Ŀ⣬ϵĲ豭ĺһڵûʲô˼Ҳʵɵﶼºˣٸ˺ҲĺãҲǸǵģڼ޽˰׼Ҿǰ׼ˣⲻҿΪΪҲС
ܿ㣬˵ģĹﶼ㶮Ҳ֪޼漦޹湷Ȼ˾Ҫѷ˵ԼļˣӼ޽ݵںϺͰ״ȻżΣÿһ£һֻ˵̫֡
֪᲻԰º͵ϺͰ״ƳԼж֡
úܣôﶼû˵ƾʲô
ǰҪһơ
һٶŻһ̲סļһ
ȻںȲû⣬Ҫ⻹ˣеĲ豭һţ־ץסֱֱۣվǰһƣڼũִ㽿ôĶ֡
һĲˤЦԲ㻹һ㣬ҪҸϣѾһˡ
ʱһϽȥš
ϽţǷŭĿ㡣
ôˣĵĿһ۹ɣʲô˽úܣ¹ɳ˿
ɺܹƽʲô˵ʲôҲûͼӴף鶼˵һ顣
ⲻ⻹ִˣҪǼȥҪ졣
ǿһһɷ
һ˵ѵ˵ͷǵݺݵĵһۡ
Сûӹϵ۾ϵԺһúźұǣ㲻ùܡ
ŭˣ̧ͷŭƾʲôڼҶѾź򣬼޵Ѿ߶ûˣ˲赹ˮѵԶְ


151ر

ڼźƽҪʲôʲô޵׼֮ʲô㣬΢һǲء
֪Ȳð׼ңΪһ˼ңСͽ㵱ɴ˼ҵС
ȴһ㣬ǼұϾе̵Ĵ˼ңֻ֪ʮָմˮѾźȴûнڣ㽿ë
Ͽ϶㣬ʵһʼǴһֻ۱һֻ۵ģֻϧ̫һ㡣
޷̵ĸоܶʱ룬ԼѡϱôҲʣֻϧӶ̫ġ
ŭЦ֪ƾʲôΪǰ׼ˣȻ޽ôҲûԼɰ׼ˣȻҺãôԻؼҡ
ҲʲôӲˣ޽ûйһ찲ӡ
ˣҲ빩ˡ
ҧݺݵĵΪҲһؼңɵˣҪǻؼǲҲʱ˭Ӳ˵ɡ
ﻰв˼Ҫ̫ԡ
һģҲںвȢſʼǼҵӾͶˣһؼҴЩҲ˼Ŵҫ͵ҼҵĶҫ׼ҼҵͶˡΪ˵̫˵ҿ
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ϣҲǱýƭˣָǰ˵ʲô˼ҵС֪
˵ЩʱҪ֪֪׵ıȽϺãýԿ뷨ĵһϵĺ󱳣Сķ¡
˿̺гɾ͸УÿҲۣҲԼãƼҡ
һǰϣϵһˮ
Ϻ֮ܶ࣬̾һ˵ǲǺɵ
֪˵ʲô˼ǰ׼ҪȢһֱЩѾȥҲֻǾãѾĿǰҪǽ⡣
˶п۵ʱ򣬸ﲻ𡣡˵
㲻ˣʲôпۣôô䣬ΪҲ֪ʲôֻҪڰ׼ԶȢ㡣
⻰Ѫˣֿ
ŭ㣺ùסԼ죬ҺͰ׼װףһҪ޸˼Ҳʲô֪ʲô֪𣿰Լгɾ͸УΪҰ˭
㣬˵Ͼȥ˸ӡ
һҲϽǰ̣ɲҸ㡣
£̾ϢһǺαأΪ
Щָ㿴̬ȣ˵ҵΪξϹۿǲǾɵǻá
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׼ϻʱܵղԣɺһڴҲ
״Ͱ׼һģһҲվ͸һԡ
¿ɺã˶ܵ˲Ծ
һĲޣڴϣһ͹
״ݸϺ׼ݿһ۾ȥ
һʹɣɾͰ˵ˣһҲĸͣ˰׼
ľãҪ٣̫һЩ
ȴȰ˵Ҳȥȥֻ֮ìܶ񻯣ҲˣҲ˻ʱһףҲؽʵǲģȹʱȥҩǱסɡ
סһͲìܣ룬㲻֪ı䣬ʱҲֻˡ
׼ںܺںܺڣʱ͸üּ֡
һһĲˣϵ⼸ҲûΪӰ鷶š
󴺳˷ͻҩã׼Ӷ࣬׼ִ˯Ҳûķ䣬Թʱһסһ
һ컰٣ȵϺ͹һ˯ʱ򣬻ˣе㲻ĵС㲻֪ƽСǹ˵أ岻ãΪ˲С˳ܣܶʱ򶼲ԸڼȵˣС˾취ĥū澣˺үǺˣ
ƽ￴࣬Ҳͬϡ
ҡҡͷЩҲΡ


152½

׼ҪˣȻܲϲ㣬ǵһҡ
ǺͰ״ȥҩãܲסڰ׼ҵģһӾͷ꣬Ϊֻš
йڰ״Ҳģг뿪ˣҩֻʣ¹ɺ󴺡
վһе㲻֪룬ץץԼԴɣһֶʶֻʶֲҩұҪһ㡣
֪ԼѧϰǺģҲãµʱŹɡ
ºһЦģǴСһ𳤴󣺡󴺸ɲҪ˵һ㣬ʲôҲңĿǰҪǽ֣ȰѸҩĵʶҲԺץҩ
һ͸ʱһҪͷʼѧ
Ͼǹˣô̵ﻹ
ʹĵͷڹ˵ʲôʲôĵš
תʼǵ飬õһζҩ
Ҫľǽʶҩ֣ҩ̣ΪһҲֻҵʱ䣬ڱҪ̻󴺡
ӻ̵ŤҩãһĽ󴺣̲סЦˣǵСʦ˰þûôô࣬׼˵ڼչҩݣб˰
̧ͷЦЦӿɱЦˣҲ׬Ǯʱɹ˼Ȧͳڵó˳ˡ
һΪʯ飬رмϣϰæô˳
ϺĿ󴺵λС˭
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Ȼ󣬵Ǻĺһӡ
ǵЦ˵ûʲô鷳ֻڵң໥չӦõģɣȵ˽ʮɣȥĶԡ
æӦϸҲرۣǮҲܺʣֵôӦ
ѧϰһɾͽζҩĸ֣Ͱܸ
״Ͱ׼ӹ뿪֮ҩõҲûˣǰӣȥʰҪס£Ǳزٵġ
ҲѧһڵҲóȥԡ
ʰɾȥһˮȻȥ߲˺⣬ٽ״ˡ
һҩõİ״ŵ˲˵ζʱЦˣпڸˣںðÿ춼ܳһȺķˡ
ʱûиܵҸȵ֮󣬰״žãйڵʱжҸÿȺķ˳ԣ˵Ƶˡ
Ϥĸоֻˣ̲סҩȥ˺á
ſڹ̨д֣ŤŤôдоûдĺÿ
ҲǷϣѧдǺܺ£ǰĿʶȥԶĵطԼʶֳЦ
ǰôõĻᣬ󲻵ĺûᣬǲסɵˡ
״򿴹ɳһһˣϡ̲࣬סԼҨﻹͣޣãɵܳԵһȺķˣ׼ǻСϡ඼ã֮һΣջˡ
ǹɲ֪£û뵽һĻ̲סЦˡ
ǰͽѧԸ⣬û뵽Цˡ
Ѳ˶ӣһԷġ
ǰòûˣҰ״Ժ󴺺һԼ˲ˣȥǰÿ꣬󴺺Ͱ״Ⱦơ
УֻһץҩģץҩŹɻ˻һϲϾɻǺϲġ
ٽʱ׼ˣֻɫôԾþšˮ
ôˣȥĸίˣȻڴȤ׼ȴ͸ŨŨĵǡ
׼̧ͷ̾Ϣһޡ
⻰һ̲סʲôìܿ
Ǻܴܴ£Ƕ£򲻵Ѳ
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ʵʲô£
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ĺܲϲϱȲùɵһãûжԱȾͲ֪࣬˹Աȣڿ㣬ֱǲҲ̶ð


153

һ˶ʲôʡ͵ĵƣǰŵڸƭˣΪ֪һˣĵ֪һ㣬ȫøȻҲòȥ
׼Щһ仰Ҳ˵ꡣ
Щ¾ͷŭǮˣûӣ˵ҪҲ˵ĻңײֹҲˣ˵СҲȡ֡
黹ģͬ׼
ϾҪȥˣҲôЩˡ
οܹҲ뿪һȥǼҡ
׼̾ϢһǷϵһ뵽ҪһӾûģʵ̫£·ϻһ˵Ҫѣŵȫѣôһ컻һҲܻ£Ҹ˵Լһ㣬ȶԺȥǻ߾Ժӣ˼һ⡣
һڣ޽׼֮ûпóԺúȵĹţ֮ǰҲҪʲôʲôںԽԽ֣Ҳû
״ܲҡҡͷýԼҪԼԺҺһֻǮôУŽмãȻܰȻһ֪㲻һӣ˾Ӧȥ
⻰еȣ״ôˡ
Ӧ÷˳ȥһµµΪʲôá
̧ͷŰ׼Цͱ̾ˣĸѧҽ˵һҪȥأˣþиˡ
ɰοĻ׼ͬƺҵǰĶ
״Ҳ㣬ü֣ҲһλؼûдĶ
ϼ͵͵Ѱ׼ҵĶ˻ȥȻһЩֵǮģﻹǲ
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Ȿǰ״ϲëʣû뵽Ȼ͵ˣ˲伤ˣ˵ʲôϲǺȥˣ
׼Ű״򣬸ϽοĪҪǺѾûˡ
һֱⰡ͵ҵĶûҡ⡭
ʵҲʲôΪ
׼ҲԽԽͬ飬̯ôһϱҲá
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ЩվȨڰ׼
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ŹɺͰ׼һȥҩá
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Ϊѧͽ״󴺿Ǯһ죬ס˵ŵҲˡ
ϾڱĵطѧͽøʦǮֶһǮٵúܡ
󴺸ϧѧš
׼뵽Ҫ뿪ʵ᲻õģر𿴼һԷҩģһ¾õĸо
ϧǣվҪˡ
Ͼǰ׼һγԶţ̲סĶҪע¡
׼һһסĹɡ
ڼһţҪȥһһţȻ
һԽôҪţһ
һ׼ڶڵôô
һݣȻôȥҩңŰ׼ܶˡ
ʰһԼֱ·ҩá
ҩУ׼֪˵˸ʲô£ùɻԼ󴺶Ц
״ҩãȥˡ
һ̤ҩãɫͱˣĹĵܣ˼ȴҩÿЦƾʲôŭΣŰ׼ͽվҪˣȴ֪ڼңǵҩ꾫
ָŹɣ;ð׼ҩΪڡ
˵ɫ˲ˡ
ֵ֮Ĺ΢΢üǲõ˵˵ʲôأΪʲôڼ㣬ѡҩûôʲôѵ֪ʡ


154º

رһ㡣
һͺһΣҩãжҲҩóܣǸ˿Ц
Ҫȴǳס
ʲôڼô
㰲Ӳҩõģû׷ҩˡ
㱾Ͷϲأƽڼ׹ˣΪϺǳ˹ɡ
ôһ
̫ϱ˭˵ء
̫šƺ׼ˡ
ǡ˽ҩ⻰Ҳˡ
ϵһһûָ㣬Ҫȴڡ
׼ȴ̲סֱǰߡ
׼ڵģ㵱ȻԸ⣬ϣһù·˿ҩſںܿΧһȦˡ
Ǹ׼
һȻͲƾʲôҵǸ̫ţ̫š
žһ׼̲סһƺݺݵĳϡ
Χ۵˺̲ܶסкãرȽҩˣúãԼǲТֲТŮ˾͸ô򡣡
Լ˲ع־Ҫץ׼
󴺺͹ɺִ󣬸Ͻǰֿˡ
һס㣬ǽ׼ȻҴңҪ롣
ܲ˰׼ˣһλؼҸǸܵźá
ң֮ǰ޸׼ǿڰ׼ҵļҲϣ״ҽôһ׬˲Ǯʱ룬޽׼ӺܺùЩؼҲˡ
޽֮͸һӣȻҪʲôʲôվ䵽еӲ࣬ھȻҶִ
ȫûУôˣôƫģˡ
׼⻰Цˣ룬ѽ׼īھд顣
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ȻҪ룬ôˡ
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Ȼ룬ҿ׼ӰͲá
ĻˣرǱ϶ţ鲻ѡ
˵ѹϺͰ׼һͷȴ룬׼Ӧɴ࣬Ҳ˵Ŀ
Ѿĥˣֽڹ̨̺á
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ʾͿʼд顣
ԽԽţȥ̨򷭣īֽϡ
ҲҪ룬ҺƫҪԸ
׼Цˣ˵ҪҺģôſ֤أΪ㲻ҾͻˣףĿ𳤣Ӽ޽ҼҾ͸ʹ˵޼漦޹湷޸Ҿǰ׼ˣȴѼĶ͵ûңڼСУ㲻Ҳ㡣
Щ
ϹЦ̲ס֡
˵úãֲТŮŸ
㱾ܻϵĳǵתָϾŮҪ¡
ֺǺǵģҾͿС˵־ģ˵㰲ֵַİ׷˲ǺܺôƫҪֵҲղſôԼŵģҸ˵ڼŮøء
ТĲТ˳ﵽġ
׼˰ֽ̨īˮûе⣬ëպīˮдš
ܿдãһʽݡ
һȺпֵˣһλߵϰ廹֤ˡ
ϰǸھ¥ϰ壬΢΢ͷҲǰ֤ˡ
ȵǩ֣׼ҲһӰǩֻѺȻһֱֽеúˣдĺ飬һȥʰ˳źһؼҡ
˿ˣȫû񣬰׼
ɿ׼Ҫô죿
ͺ֮ˡ
׼̾ϢһѹкӵģԼ͵͵˱
⻰һɿ˵ޱ𾪡
ô⡣
˵˳֮ҪôΪҪԼȱ
׼ҡͷҲ֪£׸ģ͵͵ˣҺ͵ҩȷǱĪҪܲˡ


155¾

׼Ǻܲ
ȻΪʲôͲܰӡ
ЩҲΣô̫ˣ뵱Ǳ
»治֪Ͼͺھˣ֪˱Ǹ
ź飬վΧ۵˶ָָ㣬һ̺ܺڣڸղ˵ĻʧˣҴ̫ࡣ
ԭ׼˸Ͳӡ
Ը뿪վҩм߷߲ƽĶŰ׼
׼ͷһ뿪
һǰҪߣȴѣһһŭ⣺ҡ
һ˲Ĵָӡ
һٶһˣΧ۵˶ˣѹû뵽һᰤ
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ǰֱӰһһԣһ
žһƣɺԥ˻ȥˡ
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ֻǣһιɵһƣûôָΧ۵˶Ƿ׷׽кá
¶񣺡Ҵҡ
Цһǰ֣һǰ۸һΪһҲˣûʸһ֣һǰ׼ҵˣƾʲôأҲԼݡ
Ϊһ˵֮ǰһźʱֻҪ㲻ͻһ
󴺺Ͱ׼ӹ̨Ҳ˳
Ϻͬɵ͵˵Ķԣǰ۸һΪӣѾûʸһһָͷϽҩòӭ㣬׼ʹ԰ͻңĶҺһȥʰó͵ҵġ
˵Щĵ׾Ȼɣ֮ǰѹʵ̫ؿʼձһ
Ȼһ֣ǼҲΪеЦںˣǰ̫ں˵ĿҪȢһŵԵϱء
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ϺһߵſڣѵǵòҪţһӺų֪ͨǣֻº㲻ưոݡ
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ҩֻʣһˣҩ˰ҩˣֹˡ
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һʱ˲Ϣ˵˺ܶҵ¡
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ͻȻСҿ֪׼һֱϲ㣬㡭
Ҫǻһ˵ĻȻᷢ𣬲ͦãЦһ˵ʲôأֻѰ׼ɸ磬ֻϣãҺ֮ûκοܵģ˵ãף԰ĪҪ˵Ļ
ҲԼͻˣ⻰ҪǴȥϵɵס
һЦӵ֪ûʲôģǺҪ뷨
׼Ҹ磬һӶҸ磬Ҳֻڵߣ˵㿴⣬Ҳûʱ̸ۼޡǴʵûʲô׬ǮҪġ
ΪûֵܽãȻҪĴȻֻܿ࣬ҪܹϺӾ͹ˡ
׼󴺻ʱѾ˵ѻзٶЩҡ
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ɶһ¹澪ˣԼŮ˲ȴŶթӡ
ã͹̫̫̫ˡ
ֻӰžҲֻӡ


156

׼ƣΪƣۡ
̾һǲģ֮ǰôƸ񣬱ĴھȻ⳥ûô޳ܵġ
ɺ󴺶ͬ⣬ǲģƾʲôûΪҶǺõġ
󴺵ɫѿô졣
׼Ѿˣǿ϶ģһ˹ŲưոݣҲԸ
¾ֱɣҲøǼһˡ
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һ˵˶ʮΧ
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ھӣסڸĶΪ׼ˣ״һ˵˶ܷŭһȺ˺ƺƵȥ˰׼ҡ
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һԵָ󴺾µ˭ʲô¡
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һһֲһָŰ׼ŭƽ޹ʰŮˣ±ҪҽǼҵ顣
׼Ǻ룬ɲˣȻҲˣ޶ҲǸǼ棬Ȼ̤ʵҹӣôûҪһˣŮʲôôҸӣϽ뿪
Т޺ΪΪ׼ϱȴӼ޽ſʼͱɷȱǲӣƽԹŵ̬ȡ
е飬İ׼һ֪ˣһ룬֪ˣؼҵʱ͸˵û˵һǲ֪
ŽҵŭﻣңŮż޽Ǽһûһ£ܴ٣һС꾫㡣
ָŹɣŭӡ
úܣͰ׼ʲôûУһһ꾫ʲôˡ
ŲܺǲǳѹͲֵء
ֺܿ죬ûӦʱһƾ˺ϡ
һٶˣмͺϵõĸҪ
ҧŭӼ˵ȰòҪ֣Ҹ֮£ǵŮԩ꾫̸ֵܽ¡
ֲӣ˭һ¡
㿴ԼױǷһҪ
ɵĿһ㣺һĸӺܾˣҵܻģ׼Ҹ磬סŵҸɵĸһڵһڵ˵Ǻ꾫ץҹˣ֤ץڴ߿ҺͰ׼һˣҼȻҲܱԩģһǸѣҳԣ˵˵Ǿȥٸ
ղŻڵ⻰Ȼˡ
ʵǹɵ̫ˣ䣬̫ˡ
̧Ҫɡ
׼Ĺֱץס˺֣⺫ͱȹɴ󣬵ûʲôֱɽץס
ҪȴôѲ
˲ſҡ
䳰һٸҺ˵˵ٸҶ֣ܲ߳ﶼ£ҰŮЩŪ˾֪͸Ͻ˹
ʱ϶ܷȻﺦµúܣ˫Ҳе㷢ôǿỹǵһΡ
ĶˣʱͲЩ˶û


157С

е㺦ˣΪ˵Ļ
ôͻϺӣô컳ҪթӾûôףһֱŰ׼ҵθڱʲôá
ô֪أǴֻ֪ǼһΪ˵Ц
С˵˵ʲô
Цź㣬Ҳûк˵ѵ㲻
׼ҲЩˆµµΪֹҪ֣ǰ׼Ҳûˡ
㣬Ϊвãһ顣
ʱҲˣŭһƻŮ޸㣬˵ͺ롣
׼һЦĿһۣʱģ㡣
˿ԼģȷҪ㣬û뵽һ룬ô
ûϵ׼̹ȻһӶ
ǼҿνǶ棬ҵߺѪ
ûѪֻǺԹס
֪óľǰеĹƵ˵ϣԼαװһС
ΧŵĶǺģһҲ
˶Ѫˣʵ̫ˡ
ɲǣôҲǳôܹ۸ˡ

Χŵ˵ʲôͷɺͰ׼һ΢΢ü
ĿĹžΪҪӣҪʱ򣬰״Ⱥ洫
ô˶Ҽſڣ˭۸˭
׼͹ɼ״˶һЦ
ȺоȻóһ״ΧһȦ״ߵǰ档
ǵĿһ۹ɺͰ׼û°ɡ
ҡͷû¡
״һµľǺȺ˶֣˶û¡
㿴״̬ҪࣺܶȻ״ˣǾͺú˵˵£Ǽô¿ɲŮ޸ǼҲŶãȻ˵ͺˣȫûǼҷﰡ
״һۺºһЦ˭û˭ﶼ˵޵ǼҴδҪʲôʲôһΰǼҵĶãҲֻ˵䣬ǣʲôӼ޽ͰҽһҲкƽﻹĻ˵Ҿˣǰ׼һԲǼңǾȻҰ׼Ҿ󡣡
˵תһ룬ƾʲôҪάһҡ
ܵ˶
ˣ˵ʲô
׼һҵʱ͵͵˼ҩ㣬˵ǲ͵͵ˣƽ˼ֻ»汻ƭˣʵ̫Һҵҽҩ֪ʲôģŮȱƭǼңҪҰ׼ҾҰؿ
Խ˵Խ޽ǰ׼ҵˣȻȱǲҪӰ
㶼ˣܵ˸ǻȻ»ȻͺȱȷǱİ
ʱȻܳϣŵ˵ʲô֤˵ҺȵľǱ
׼׼ҩһţܻ˵ԩ㣬ܲɣҩǴҵʶʱҩʱкܶ˿Ҫ֤ݣЩ˶֤
״˶һ󺰹֡
Ҳͷ˵Ͼ˻
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˺ܶ඼Ǳɱεģݹϵ龭һ̯ˮҺĸŮʵǹһ㡣
Ҽﻹ¾ˡ
Ҷ˵ҪĽӣҲøϽˡ


һᣬ˶ߵ߰˰ˡ
㼱ˣѵͿŰ׼۸ǡ
ߵļҡͷ˼Ҳû۸㡣
Ǽ£һЩǣҲá
һ˶ˣͺĻˡ
״˽Χ
ţϰŴ򿪡
ϴԺƼԼԼģǱ˸ģЩ˭̣뵱Ǹ棬׵ʱǼһʮҲˣκǣ֮û˿ϵ


158´

Ͷź棬˵Ļˡ
ԽԽúĸŮ̫֣̫ȫ̡
ΪӣҪõҲˣûõô׾㣬Ѿˣӻûõǿˡ
ҲܣҪʮӣŮԺǲüˣӾ͵Ĳ
Ҳﻹˡ
״ǻû˵ֵľͿȥˡ
㻹Ҫô˶֣֪޼漦޹湷㵱޸˰׼ӦԷΪأ˵״ǸĲˣھȻҪӣ˼Ұ׼õһӣĸŮƭˣŪöˣ׼ûҪҲͰˣթˡ
ɲǣҪҰҸطȥʵ̫ˡ
˵ʲôĶС
״ЦЦҪǲܵģǼҲٸһǮﳳֱ֣ȥٸǼûҲŪ˾֪
ڴʱһļȺϽܵ״ǰүٲˡ
һٲˣĸŮ˵ֽץһ𣬱˴ж¶˺¡
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״û㣬ߵٲǰү˵乫⸾Ҫթӡ
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⻰ð״йɶǰһҪȥҩãôٺܶ鷳㺫ĸŮҵûô֡
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ɺһȥ򱻰׼鷿
׼վҪˣһģرһҡ
ƽҲҪȥʣһܾò
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͹һ𳤴ҲİѹɵãǸĲϣԼúá
׼󴺵ĻЩ޵ݡ
˵һû־ԶأһȥǶҲΪɵӰ죬룬ûɣⱲӶˡ
ɵΪоٶһֱӰãֻҪŬûɵ飬ڣɲǰҩȥˡ
һλŮ־ԶΪ߳жȻηηβʲô¡
׼飬վİ׼ļѡ޿ɾ͵Լˣļһչ˵ģʶҲôˣҲѣ㲻˵Ҳæģ㰲ȥѧ
Ϊ֪׼Ҫߣɳ˺üСˣɫζȫĲȣϲЦտ׼Ͱ״¾ӳԡ


159°׼ȥ

һٷü˶Щᣬ۵Ķ׼ȥ˾Ҫչ˺Լ
״ó˺üҽ飬ۼ⣬ҽȻǰ״дģݺȻԶ͸Ǽ±
˺ȾƺȵҹҲûлҩˣڶĳ͸ˡ
׼ĶҲһ磬׼һЩͷôϡ
ſڣ־۽ǵˮԶУ׵ǵġ
һɵúúչԼ˾дš
˵ЩҲеޡ
׼ۿͨ죬û֮ǰնҪ뿪ңҪȴ᲻ˡ
ҪúչԼҲҪչ˺Լ
ɲ˱ǿһĨЦϽ߰ɣһ·עⰲȫһ·ȥ·;ңԶɵúúչ˺Լ
״Ҳ᲻ãʱˣߴųϽ뿪
ŽԶȥϵľǿһ飬һμ֪Ƕˡ
º͵İοˣӦÿĵģԺһбµģа׬һӸɵȥǵģʱŮҲŬһ㣬ȥӡ
״ҲȰ˵˵ĶԣȻСбˣǾȥǡ
οϣɺͰ״˾뿪ˡ
ϽվڼУΪûҪš
һҩã˵żҩ
һҩ˾ˣ˲Ǳˣǹɽ
ƽڴɶɽϱһĻĻһجΣɽ͹Сɽж׵úܡ
ԼɽҲ
󴺿ɽȻҲûкɫ
˵̣ɽֱӽҩá
״һ˰ɣӿ첻ˡ
Щɻ󣬹ɽϱǲŵģкΪͻȻ˵оͲˡ
״ܲϲɽҽ߸ĸģĵҺ˵˵ô£Һÿʲôҩġ
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֮״ɫԽԽѿһ۹ɽ֣̫ˡ
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ЩȣָԼıӵɵҾͲȥ˰ɣȥҩþû˿ˣ󴺸ʲô
ŲҪȥɽأǸطһ̤ȥ
״ҲûΪѹɣҩõȷҲҪˣ΢΢ͷǾͺúҩá
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ȵһߣ󴺾ͺܺˣ˵ʲô¡
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󴺶Ҳ֪һЩ¡û뵽һ˻ǡ
һʱ֮ȻҲʲôˡ
ɼֲֵʵЩ׵ģСɽҲϴСˣԼͻȻϱѪյģҲӰ졣
ʵû˵ɽ͹Сɽ
ͷͬɵķ
һ˼ҩģɽֺд֡
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һֱҪŵʱ״Ż״ϻѪ
״Щƣҩþ˴õϣ̾һɣһҪǼԶһ㡣
һʲôµɵʲô£
״һ裬˰״ߡ
״ҡͷҲվһһ档
͹СɽȻŹɽڵʱ򣬰Ѻһ𰡣ŮˣѪֹȥʱѾֻʣһˣҪ٣ҲҪ߹һҡ
ˡǹĶϱӻѱ߲أοݻԼϱҸһ𡭡һ붼ÿ¡
еͬ麫ˣܾǸˡ
Ǻˣʵ
״һ۹أȻˣԺ󻳺Ӻˡ˵Ƴһ۹ɣֹ֮дŵ


160

кҲȫ޹ģ˵˹СɽֶԹеô˼ɽȥˣҹʱպײʱͷ˷һĳȥŮҲ֪ôŪġ˿ڣǹɵ˺ѣص˺ѣĻ϶ø˵
еţϲڼôںҪƤӵֽҲܰɡ
ܾúӦòṴӡ
״ҡҡͷζ֪£ΪӲСɽϱݹСɽģڹʵ벻ˣŮһ˸˵׻ǿ
󴺺͹ɶ𾪲ˣȫǷԼߵ°
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󴺸Ͻǹɽأôˣ
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Żصգ˲û
˵ҲԼ£ɲûͬģԼ¶ûŪãȥͬˡ
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һֱأﻹᣬҲǿԵܻܵǺܺá
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״Ц⵹пܣҽˣƽȣһϼҪϣʱӴҩȥٶ
ɰʱȥӻѰ׼ÿŵˣΪ˵һҪⶼ
һţһϲ̵Ŀš
ģʲôϲˣЦʵ
һѾͷʵͦģº̤ʵڿ죬źõġ
һЦеĵ캫ˣ溿˰ʱأڷмװûЦǣҴӺȥѴȻţǻԿأֻϧôƲɰֻˡ
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ʱݳЦɲǺЦΪͷأ˰ʱ̫Ҳ̫ɹʱҲܵġ
״þ͸úĸŮԵͷҲܽ
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һкóԵĸϽѱ¨߹ޱ˺Ժ
ͳҰ⣬̵ġ
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Թεúܣϸ룬˵˵Ҳûʲôɶ֪ˡ
ںò׼һҲȫǹСɽ͹ĴɽϱģȻô£Ǿԭºʰź˺ңϾ˹ϵ˵ҪȥŮ
Ҳû뵽ջֳҲû뵽ɽȻҡ
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ҡҡͷϾǰһˣɽĻ䣬ⱲӶԭ¹͹Сɽ
û뵽ȻĽ֣Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻôһ
뵽ϱϰҪɽ͹Сɽ˾ȻҪ飬ؿԭ¡
Щ¾ǰģ˾Ƿˣ˵ıԾġ
ʵľǹһܹϳӣɵ˵Ҫһҡ
ҲͲһ뿪ӡ
ĹĵͲǼ˱ߣΪǵԭ˵õ¶ˣΪá
һͷŭһҿνǳԶ
£ֻ´ʮ綼̧ͷˡ
ҲϣǼ˰ߡ
ֻϧ˶ڸǣ̫̫ϾȻ˵ٸǾϵ˶ֳҳϳ棬ѹһ˼塣


161

ɺ̲꣬ס̫̫˵Ҳǻ̫࣬ҼǵŮɣôҲû
֮ǻ䣬Ц˵ùʵģСʱǹϵܺãˣҲ֪ˡ
ɶùõӡẠ̊́ȴ鲻˵
ҼǵиùСʱҡ죬ģǵ¡
̲סЦˣѾͷԵǺãСùʷһλȥ˺ԶĴӡ
ʼ磺ǸǼһϵûУùҪ˺ã߶Ҳ߶˲ҿɲͬⰡ
Ǳ̫̫Ͽˣʲôжֻء
ҪùҲǹ̫̫ˣԸһӶ֮߶
˴ˣοЩֻ㻹ڵһλʷȲòУõĻùСʱ򾭳㣬͵͵ϴ򲼣ӵʱҲչˣԺҪ֪õϢܰĻҪ
Щ¹ɶ֪Ȼ˵ˣһ¡
ôû߶
ЦеģֻҪ˺ãǼҷһ߶ġ
ʱҼǵãЦеأʱͱ̫̫ˣһ̣Ҳ֪ôûϢ
û뵽󴺻ǵ£Ǿȣ󴺸ô֪Щġ
ʼǸʱҲСˣǵһ飬̫̫ʱӶܺ䶯ء
̾ϢһЩġ
˺ãǲ֪ôôˣǸѾЩˣǸʵˣʵҲûӣ̫̫Ϊӵʲôɵó֪˼̣Ѳˣڶ֪
˵ˣлЩܡ
Щǳ£겻ѡ
ҲģǼˣԴõϢ˵ҵˣˣɵѾҩļˡ
󴺺Ĵӹ̨ҩó˱¨
壬ҵﻹмô
ǵһôãͦǵġ
һڲЦԸңҶ㣬һҪúõĸѧɻʱ䣬ȵ㻹ûѧԼˡ
ĵ׺ԺΪܸɰ
ץץԴе㲻˼ӴȲôдֺܺÿдȴô󡣡
ĵİο
Źȥ˼ҪʳڼǮˣȻϻֵ涼ʮ⻹һЩף֮ǰԲʳ
Ҳ˺üùȥһЩ
ӼﵽϣȻߴ··ʱ᳤һЩ˺ɣƽߵǽ·ϿˣҪ̫ࡣ
˶֮󣬰ѱ¨ҩãɾŹȥ˲Ǳߡ
ֻҪǸϼ߶ţģ϶ǻ΢ȥһѼĶС
ţкˣżƥͷţ
תһȦһͷëɫӵ
᲻ӣ˳ɵҪʱ򣬵ȵֻ˵
ɵҪɣ˵ҲһЩˡ
ţʱЦекλҪţ
ָָϵƥƥӡ
ţϵЦݸоĿ޵ƥмõһƥëɫǲǸĺá
ԼҲˣȻţӵĻǵǮأǮëɫٺҲ˰Ҫҽܽ⼸ƥļǮ
ǰʹ״һϳܴҪӣ΢ѷɫһӾ͹ˡ
ԱţļǮ΢һЩţΪõţһǮƫ
ļǮţˣҲѰ˼ģҪӣһ˼Ҳôü
˵ҲܸأԺ˻ѡ
ţһЦû뵽ѹͲ뷨
ӵӡ
ƲƲ죬´˷һŪ÷Щ˼ˡ
Ϊҡ
̾ϢһǾÿΪۣû뵽һ㲻ģ˵㣬㶼ó׵ĺ
ӵȷˣ֮ǰ״˵һԲ
ϵֻ⼸ƥõһƥֺܺõ԰Ǯ͹ˡ


162

һȻ׬һЩӣûһǮþϸ㣬յʱ򻹵չҩģĿǰܶӵ˶һʱҪӾ͸ˡ
Ҳԩͷ˵Ӿöӳּۻ۾бҪ
ţɫеѿˣȴûǽ۵ĹôԹ˵Ļеģû˵
ҿе졣
ɻĿŹɣܾѾͷ
üҽݰﵱơ
ţǰȥҽƹȻҼˣˣҲ㺰ۣһô
ҡͷܲǺֵǮ⣬ľͻ˶ӡ
һܣԸ̽ס
۸ܽܣţȴΪ
ЦŹɣ㽲Ҳ̫ˣһ׬ûа
׬϶׬˭Լ׬ĶأǮ׬Ҳֻмˡ
Ʋ죺ϰ˵ɣǮҲܳģһû򡣡
һԵĹᳶ˳ɣҪȻǲɣ̫ˣ˵
᲻һôӳȥҲҪʱһжԵȵ˵
͹û뵽ǣţ֮ҡˡ
Ͼ׬ģܱһǮ׬ãţ˺٣öʱ򶼲š
ɺܻԹɫһӾͿţеԥ
ϣͻȻһϲ
Ϊѵϰ㿴ҵǮ̫ˣҾǮʣÿҲҪǮҲֻźˡ
̾һЦôټһ㡣
ɱļǮ۸񣬾ǼһǮҲ᲻á
ҡҡͷģǿϸǮǮǲܵġ
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վסˣ֪ﶼ᲻Ǯˣ׬ӱǻģбҪԺ˫ؼҲãʲôҲˣ˵ôࡣ
ǱҪӣʡãҲԸʡ
ĵȰ˵ǼҳҪȵʱ˵ʱҩƵʻܸߣûɣҲ˼ʲôұ˽谡˼ҽһοԣǽ˭Ҳ̹
ţӰǣ˹˲ݸԣɺ͹̸ӻҲˣҪǻһطǮ϶򲻵λ˵ҲԣԼҲ˽費ǣҪ򣬺αزء
չ˵ŹɰӸţӣȥѡ˳ӡ
Ⲣǳᣬֻǵĳӡ
гӵʵҲòţϾԺģķŲôࡣ
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ȥʱﶼԲ𷹣ż¹ȥӾˣһǰ顣
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͵󴺵ļ򣺡־úøŸɵѧȻ˵ͽܣȴһֱҽҩҲҪ˼Ұ׼Ѿ뿪ˣпܲϣҩܵˣǰ;Ǻܺõġ
͸״֮Խǿ󴺵ƷУĵȻ˼
ϰ׼ѾˣҲֻ£ʱ״϶󴺶
֪ԼĻᣬڴһӾֻͼ˶Ϻӡ
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սȭͷܼᶨһúѧģлл㡣


163»

ҪмľǹɣһôùһֱЯҲڰǼҡ
һҩҩðһĻĻйɵӰ
ӱǰùܶˣرǲҩ׬һأǰһ¿׬ôࡣ
ÿȻֻǮѧͽ״ܸǮˡ
ⲻõûУûУֻҪҩ춼ǮһĿ֧ȫˡ
ɰ󴺵ɸ磬Ǽһ̫Ķ飬ЩСѹֵһᣬӻֵҪǸҿҿɲˣһ𳤴Ҹ磬ҰôˣúøŸɾû
ʼ̵ϰд֡
״ͻˣɺҲųԷҪһģΪ̫ģææľ뿪ˡ
ɺҲǺܶԵŰ״
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ʵһϼ״ǲԸģΪϼƲҲܶࡣ
״ʹҩãɽ󴺼֣һϰԼһҽ鿴š
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ƺĬ໥֮䶼š
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ʱҲ˳˸һۣѯʹɷʲô¡
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״ʱ˳һ۸ͻȻЦˣ˵°
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⻰ͷǿסЦԽԽ˵ܿɰ
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˵˻棬ȻһЦֹʲô£˭Ѳһģһթӣ˵ɣ³֮󺫴٣
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һۻڵϳĺһѲȻ㲻úõģٱͨ˼ҴĲҲңǰýҲûѴʲô
ЦҪ˵ңթ˲ŲҰɣٸȻжϣ£ǲ̫үأĿ
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ʮ綼һͬص㣬һһסһ𣬱Ǵչ˾ͱȽ϶࣬ŵĴľͱȽ϶ࡣ
պҲպǲʲô
һʱ䶼ڷź㣬Ҳǲ̫ˣƵ״˳״·ɵһˡ
ϼ״͹ɽҩãϵֱӵ˺ǰ
ߣɺͰ״˺á
̲סʵɵ㺫ͺǲסһġ
״ǴˣϺǼҳôĸŮһӻˮҲưոݡ
ü˶պܣҼǵúǺҴˣǰβʱںҾͲ֪ˡ


164һӻˮ

˲뷨Ȼȷôеǰ취
Ű״Цɵҵġ
״Źɵֱֹ㻹ǲҪǣ棬̫ǳܻ
ЩůůģϱηηβС󣬽ʲô˶ˣԼҲҵ³ػһú͸˰ǲ˼۸㣬ҲֻܹԼ̫˱пɺ֮
ҲϱǸˣ۸һҪȥ
ºܻͶ鲻ʲܣĻȥġ
ӺһɵͰѰ״ϵԼĵ
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ĿŰ״ɵҿ϶Թ۵ġ
״ο΢΢һЦû˵һƬ֮ôҲܹ
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µడ磬ˣ˹ٸӰ
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ڻģܽͽ
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ЦЦʱֵٸȥ˰ɣ㣬ܶ˵Ļô̫үǲ̰Ҹɵӣ˰
˵ĿźŻһȦλַһ֤
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¾úܣΪ״ҪթһЩӡ
ĿĲһôûõȥ˹ٸʱ򰤰Ӷġ


165³

ҿˣҪȥ˹ٸԿǡ
֪ܲȥã֪ж£ؼ˵ǶԵģû֤ݾﳯ͢٣ɲС
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Ǿˣ״еûع
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һת֮Ȼ¸ˣؼ¸뿪ȺһɲǣֱӾӵ뿪ͲǻӰ
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Զײڣ໥֮Ӧõģο״ԩǿȥ
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ԽԽ͹ɣϧӶˡ
ɬһЦҾͿͺ˵˵ﳯ͢صģ˿µܻĲ
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뿪СȥȥǵʱоͶҡ
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ȷô궼ûϵͻȻҵ˵£ҪǺܵôꣿɵƭˡ


166°״

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ȻףôҲ˻ˡ
ǮóͭǮǿеȻ֮ǰ˵ˣһ˶ʮģôͲʳԣҪңҲݹҷ顣
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167´

вǾãһʲôˣһǰ״Ҫթһ
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ÿ춼ĵº鷳
˼һǲˣǸôһֱ˺ҽ顣
Сİ鱧ڻУź˵:߰ȥٸ
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֪ҽ龿ֵӣǰ״˵ֵǰ
ƺһҲ˺˼ҵĶο£ҵĶԹҲ˵һЩϣȻ׼ˣôͲ֡


168»

ʱҲпʵ̫ˡ
λòһҪ
ܰԼС
Ҫͬ飺ǲ֪Ůƻ޹ȥûһ¾ͱˡ
Ǻ룬Ůġ״򵭵˵
˵ͷȷǺ룬Ҳ֪ҺŮҲаɣϿɲ˵ѡ⻰͸ž档
ˣװһǺŮһƻŮҪ˿ɲףѵǲ⳥һ㣿
û㣬ǿ״򣺡״˵˵ɡ
ǰ״ѱԹŲð׼ҵĶ˵һ飬档
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˻Ҫ˵ʧ׼ʧҲͦ󣬵ʱǼʮӵƸ񣬶׼һҪȢõҲҲǼҵȷˣ޴ӷ򣬼Ȼ˻ңԹŲ룬°׼û⳥Ѿ御˵ŮҲТ
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Χ۵ˣϾǰǶ֪ģϿʼĶá
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λɫһ䣬࣬һ˵˿ֻһ飬˵ǱֵҲܹƵģ˵ǼֵҲΪؼǹ±˺ܾãû뵽˵ҡҡͷŵʵ̫ϧˣǱļֵӲܹġ
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ƶӦ
˺Ͱ״Լڳ˶ЩȺͲ⡣
һӿɲ٣ֻҪڣ⳥Ҫˣǲ̫ϧˡ


169º

Щ֮УҪ˵ģ˷ܵľǺ㣬Ѿû뵽ɻˣһӶҪǲɵ
״ˡǸжģΪȫΪǼ룬ûΪһ֮˽
ϣҪӡ
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˵򺫱ͦˣҲǲҪֻٸһᣬӽʼǵļˣóҸɵߣҲ£ôֵ֪ҲðҪ
˺ĿŹɣӣֻΪɵﻻһ徻ӣǳ֮ġ
ﲻҴӦ⳥ˣҲͷˣﲻǹãˣһֱΪ£³˿˻ᰤӡ
վȣùеɵ
㲻ҪҿԱ֤ԺԲڰ״ǰԺҲǰ
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Ҫ鷳ǿ϶ģһӿɲСĿô˶ţ֤ʱҪˣУ⹫úÿ£޲뿪ҲǶˡ
΢΢ͷ˵˰æֺ֤ҪǩֻѺ
ȵһжŪ꣬ɺźдı֤飬ҽҲ״Сòĵ׶Թɸ۰Ůûаۡ
ĵ׺ܿģôѵĿ¡
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ܶʣӽǮ𣬺úõһӾͰǰֱ˵᲻á
ˣرһֵ֪ɼǺܺãΪ˰״ȴôࡣ
ǸȵǣɾȻʶ֪ӣ֪ӻ飬ϵһ֪ܺá
ڹɺͰ״һ˹֮󣬺ܶ˶ɺԶĹϵ
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ˣЩ˿Ҳûӵ˼
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󴺺˽ɣЦ״㲻˽ˣУ׬ǮʱһŹᣬһǮ᲻÷ЩòҪģͼҪһһǧһǷҪģֻҪ㲻鷳ǹϰԷЩ
ЦЦ˵ĶԣԼ뷨֮䲻˭˭ڱжǼ£νѶϼ£ڹҲԸ⴦ܿƾźΪˣôںӿ϶ưոݣһҲģ͸ﶼϰӡ
״ǸжͲҪһˣ
ɵͷ֪ںӣһӳóǼҵҲ˵ˣóһƼҲòùˣӿ϶鷳СˡҲҪӣֻҪܰӣӶ˵û͸Ҫ˵ˣⱾܳȻֵǣҲûжʧҳװҲͺˣʱѻҳܳ滻Ͼͺá
ÿȻۣ鶼ˣܻ״ϵİڡ
ץץԼԴ״㲻Ǻ˽ɣֻҪ˼Ҷãͻỹ˼ȫȫ⣬ʵõĽ˵ԸǷܹϰӡ
״жˣĺܸж
ôõŮҲ
ҵĺŮ
ȰĿŹɡ
Ūùɲ˼ˣҲ͸ҺðһҾͲһˣҰء
󴺺Ͱ״򶼱ɵƤıŪЦˡ
˽һ硣
ص״ȲİϢϡ
ǩֻѺı֤鿴ţܸжֵһӷǰҪǲɵǵΰ
ɺٺһЦǰϵֱ˦˦û͸ɵҪ˵ˣֲǲ׬Ǯ˭ԸҪӣһأӽͲĵ鷳ˡҲˣÿ쵣Ǻ鷳


170̽

ǺڵģΪ֮ǰ׼ôϲɣȴΪǿЦŵֹˡ
֮䣬лпһ𣬱ûãһᶼûˡ
óֻѰ׼ɸ磬˼ûһܣѾûãֻԺԹɺһ㡣
Цеȥɢĺòã㻹ûȥҼأվȥҼ
ǱﻵˣڼҲܵߡ
ȷûȥɼңӦȥ
״ҲȰ˵ҲõߣҿȥɼҲɽˮʺɢģôȥɽֻӻϳպܺõġ
ҲǴӸиԸ׼ģɴȥ
жȻһЦһ˵ĶҾ͸ȥջ
ǻؼҵö
׼һ»ȥģûؼһ
ϻЩҪš
ڶһ磬״ЩŹһȥ˿ɽ塣
һֱŵӡ
Ϻ͹û뵽ϻȻк
ϿԺļӺ𾪣ǡùߣ׼ôõô
ЦЦһλҪӣȵԺļӲá
Ƿյļڣܶҩݶܲա
أλõһЩ
𾪣ԺѾܶˣû뵽
ôҪôࣿ
ҩҲɹҩݵļӣƽʱҲɹҩݣ͹Ժôӣɹ٣
ЦŽǰòչʱŴ˲ժ͸ое㲻ãʱҩݸ࣬ʱҪļҲͶˣһλõԺԱߵĿյض
һԣ⻰ˬĴӦû⣬ҵʱȥ峤˵˵ˡ
˲ĴӦӦ⣬ڴ˺֧Ǽκ飬ʱ仹Ǽ޲޷ӣܶ඼Ըæ
㿴˾ʵ
Ϊ棬ԴҾҲˡ
ɺģһεļӴһҪι̣ŻҪô࣬æ༸ϯӣɹʳõġ
նҪõϯӣһڵϣȻ̿ʳɹ档
ֿɲ˯õϯôģһõһ㣬ġ
ڵʱɹĸݣҩ֦Ҷҩݡ
ȿϯɹɣɹ档
˵Ⲯ˶ˣ
뿪ʱ󴺵ĵҲ֪ˡ
ָָéݵȫʮҰѴ峤ҵĶ˹ǼҲòϣⲮպãұʮʱɵðӸ˼ҡ
ȻҲ˰æɣǿǮˬ죬ңҲ鷳һң˼һҰæͦġ
׹룬ͷͬ
Ҳģĥ˰æǮҲ鷳ˣû¡
¾ǹƢˣ˭Ӷ
뵽ɵĸижǺúô£˵ǼҲǷôһء
ɫһˣ˵ʲôأ֮ô˵ǷֻҪƽϣǾú˵˵˭Ƿ˭Ķ࣬͸ɵôǼڣЩҲ֡
ȷ㯣ʱǰ״Ԯ֣֮֮޹ʣ״ȴܹ
Ҳһ߳ѹء
˵Զͳӣô״͸ǰ;
ңҩ״Ҳȫȫ
Ц˺Ҳ˵ֻˡ
Ѻ˵һ飬˵һӵ顣
ȴͿ佱ɣҲùĶԡ
ѡǶԵġЦе˵š
Ϻңûһ·ߵ
һˣйôͨĵҲ̵ܽôµĺӡ
ȥ͹ȥɽдˣ˵ҰúҰΪڸӣҲûԵĴ
̫̫ʱӲùΪɽνǼ˻
ǼڴҲرǹһʱȻϲȥڴѸҡ
Ҳڼֵòɿ
ϵߥ£СɽҲʼԹ˵Ϊʱ᲻ӣûϱ
ϱҲԼɩɩ⣬Ҳֵֵܾѡ
͹̫үӿ˵Ҳѹ
ⲻѾûˡ
վԺǽ͵ŸԺӵ̸ڸ˵ɻؼҵ¡
˼ڹָˣҲָˣô죿ܵ˰ϰ


171

ĿǰһǲܸˣֵҲʡ͵ĵơ
̫ү̾ڴϵ˵ΪʲôͬϾϵأ㿴ӹöãڴӵ˶˵أһһܹٻӡ
˵вǼٵģÿһ춼ںڣôͲܶԹһõ㣬Ǻһ㣬ƾŹТ˳Ҳ᲻ڡ
ĵҲԹ̫̫˵ΪʲôһһҪԳá
̫̫Ƿ̾ϢҲųһѾͷҲָϣԡ
컯Ūˣɱȹɽ͹Сɽܶ࣬ؼ׬Ǯ
һֱ۰Ĺɽ͹СɽȴˣرǹɽⱲӹƶڸźص˺Ҵ塣
̫үһ̾ϢҲû뵽Ѿͷôܸɣ˵һ׬ôӡ
ȻҲڲչһ׬˶ǮһƵĹһ£ʮӡ
ǰһҿͰ͵ķԲնԵúܺãǰ֪˶١
ؼ˼ʵǣûϵ
̫̫۾΢΢һУص˵ûа취ҵĹϵ
̫ү˹ĮôȵһˣȻ̬ȱǰĮˣҪůҲ˰ɡ
ҿ»ˣȻҲе㲻ʣߵҲԼı£˼ûпһ㡣ͦڵģһңܺòܹԼӡ
ǰԲ˼ң˼ҷҲӦõġ
̫̫ˣģȻǶãܹҲǵô˵ûϵˣ˵Ϳ㲻ȥȥûڴӵ˵ȵʱҶҪɽҩʱ򻹵ðҩɣ˵׬Ǯ
͵˺þ̸ⲻ̫̫Ҫȥ͹ϵȻ̹ҪܹصǰĹϵ˵ڹõһô
ȥҸڴѸȥˣ벻ôϵģΪ˸󳳴ˣ۽Ƕġ
ֱƿţҲܹ̫̫ǲǲǵĻҶ˰͹ϵԣк˺ôɲҪҡ
ָоǰڹ̫̫ǰϥģڿɲҲ˵ϻġ
̫̫Ĳüͷ˭ġ
Ƴһ۹̫̫ҼңôͲܽˡ
̫̫Ǹڣǰ϶Т˳мӣӲ˵һػʲôóԺúȵҲǵ
أȫȱ㡣
ô͹ϵĻء
ָΪƼҾͿΪΪô˵Ҳס
ϵЦݸǳ˰ɣҪҵĻɽСɽȢϱǼܳΪҵЦôһֱ᲻ӣԼȢ޶᲻ӣŪ㻹˵ףôҳ˵˾͸ʵʵıܣ˵ǰһܺúðǰˡ
̫̫͹̫үŭˣ˺
̫̫ǰһƴϣϷһƻ˻ȥ
ϺһЦŹ̫̫Ϊڻ㣬ôˣ㣬Ҳˡ
ĺãһܾˡ
̫̫ۣ˷һĳȥ
ͷʲô˼۸ͷˡ
̫үӴҲ˽ȥ
Ҫǵ͹̫̫ռƣڲһ̫̫͹̫үˣһֿ֪
ϵ½ץˣ¶ĶǶͷңһѪ۸Ŀɲ
̫үѹסϵĽţסϵֱ֣̫̫ϵϣһһƵϵ
㵨ǲȻҶҶ֣Ҿֵ֪Ĵۡˣû뵽ϾȻҶִ
ҪǴȥﻹڴ
ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ţҵѹѲ˵
̫ү͹̫̫
һѣ̫̫һĭһҶִңŲ㣬ҲڴѸһѸȢҲԣǿˣҿ㻹ȥУɽҲܺɣϳʲôʱߵ㲻֪˯Աأ˲᲻֪
ϻۣӵԹ޵Ķˡ
ϲģǾҺɣֻҪлᣬһҪ
ҧкʹˡ


172¹ҧ

̫̫һЦвңֲûǮСɽТ˳ңⲻǻгʱô࣬Ϊڴȥ
ȻܵδԲǰˡ
ƵſڣͻȻЦô£һֱӳԺ
žĴӱĽкơ
̫̫͹̫ү˲Ҫʲôˣ̫̫ϽȥϵıӰͽ˾Ȼҹ๫
ﻹɨں׷š
ò˵ϵڿϳѳȥʱ뵽ҪʲôˣֻҪߡ
̣Լϱ˶֪Ҳһ̣ϱĳ
յúܣڴѾˣǶˡ
ܵ˴·ϳɤӺ̫үҪ̣Ұ
ܶ˶֣ܳϵʱ⣬Ȼͬϡ
ֱ̫̫ӴϣˣԼܲ˳ȥŮˣŹ๫ҲС˵ĳ࣬ҽץҲ⵴Ӱ
û뵽̫̫ݶ
ָŹ̫̫˵ǹ̫үԴ󷢡
̫̫Ц֮ǰڼҾвң˵ҪҸҰȥ͵һȫ֪㻹˵̣ϱٴ̣ϱ±Ҳţҿˣû뵽㲻԰Ůˡ
˱˸ִһԵĻŪˡ
⾿ô£
ɺڳԶأû뵽صĽм˳Ϸ
ǼΪ̫̫һξ룬Ͻкʱû
߳Ժӵʱ򣬿мλѾվˡ
ϻûϡ档
Щɻʵʲôˣ
صſ֪ˡ
һû˵ĵطԶԶվţȴ̫̫ϸִһʵ˺
ֵÿϷЦʲôҧһëϱ⡣
һЦһΪʲôϷǼҵϷһ治뿴
ﻰΪ̫̫ǣһϵôãֻӡ
һιɽ֮󣬴˻ʹĿʵͰһӵİˡ
໥Ļ𾪲ѣ˵ô
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ͺˣҲƷѸôϵġ
ЦЦûѸĳ࣬ӣƽʱɧɧģǴ˶һ飬ⲻ˹ˣǡùɽ֮󣬹ȥԶһĵطԣǡþѸһȥȻǸɲһ𡣡
𾪵úܣ¡
ϰһ۹ɵһѾͷôʲô
ίίϵҲͺô
϶ԹίСʵûм
ȴȰ˵ɸ˲һ֪֪ҲñܻʲôŮ֮»̽
״Ǵ˼Ҳſһ㣬Ůܲʲô֪һŮ֮û
̫үΡΡ˳ﻹŹȣһ硱ģ
廹̣ôŮ˾Ұģвڣ˵ҪǲĻͲϣȥͽ᳤Ҿ͸˵ǶԲ𳤽һң˼ڹú˼ҵ£ͲˣƵ˺ԼѣҪֱ˵
˵̫үص̾Ϣһȴ΢΢üŹ̫үǹᵽǼңֻڴǼҵ⡣
˳Ϻʹƽʱڼעһ㣬ͻȻ¿϶ûģдæչһ
ͷˬĴӦ㰲ȥϣڻû۸
Ҳ¹̫үһˣ״飬ڿһϷԼĿҲǹ˵ģôҾǶھˣ㿴еĺ⣬ǾҪǣȥ
̫̫һǸ˿Цɣ˽ʱ򣬿ѶѾ˺һ˲˽Ǻ˽ģô
ΪʲôҳеĹϡ
ǰɷ˵ֱһϵϡ
ˣȻַвҵ˭ĵӡ
ϱΪͬ飬û뵽Ȼһƣ


173

뵽Լܵί뵽ô۸֮ǰίȫȻˡ
ԼٵİѴãЦŹо仰ĪԼôһж׷ˣôܹǹˡ
Թ˲Ż̤
ָǰˣܺãܺãǵý¡
˵ֱ˦뿪
̫̫͹̫үоˣһ۹Ҳ˼ҡ
ﶼЩֲˡ
˾Ц
ѸζǲǺܺãڶʲô̬ȡ
ޣ˹ûһöһλһ֮
Ůˣôܲ뿪
Ҳ޵ݣתֱ뿪
ϲû뿪ӣֱӻ˼ңٵİѶʰá
û߳ţ̫үҲϷ˾ͻˡ
Ϸ˶û˺Ƣôߡ
϶Ը⿴Ϸһֱۣ߳˼š
Ϸ˳ϵıӰ˵߰ɣ߳žԶҪˣ鵽ʱȥҵġ
ʱվס˽ţͷԹ޵ĿŹϷˣ㰮
Ժǽײ˹
һ㶣û뵽ϻңҪȥ
ȥﲻܣԺҲǰۣȥѸɡ
˵뿪Ȼ쵰ô꣬һһΪңΪӣʲô
Ϊ棬ԽԽϵ񲻶Ծ
סϵҪȥ
һܴ˦ŭȥﲻܣˣдȥ֮ҲûʲôϵˣСɽĻԼŰɣⱲϹ۵ľǼ޸㡣
˵ֱӸ뿪
׷Ǹ
߻ؼңȴϷ˺͹̫үС
˵ɫҲǺܺãҪ˵ʮ綪ҵҲֻˡ
ҪߣȴûǮߡ
Ū׾ʲô飬ôֳңʲô¡
̫̫ƢָܴŹ㻹˼ңʲôԼ̣ԼϱҲˣѸһҲˣҾôܽϱģȻң㿴ⳤϵĴָӡƢһϣһûأھͶ̬ȣ˵ҪԺܶˣǲҪͷʺ򰡡
ǺТ˳ģȻЩϵĹƻ󣬵ĵ׻Ǻع̫ү͹Ϸ˵ġ
Ҳû뵽ֳΪƼǺ£СɽܹȢϱû뵽Ƽ֮ƢȻô
̫̫ƺһ˰ɣ㲻ҲеǮϣɢҪ͸˵˵⼸ոѸǮˡ
ֲɵЩҲܲµô¡
ѸȻˣҲǺĿԵġ
ǴӵЩ˯ΪЩӣЩǮЩֵأ֮ûô˼ҲԸ˯
⼸ջЩǮѸ࣬ǰǰʮǮ
ЩץץԴ˼ҸһҲͼʲô֡
Ϸƺһ˵ϵô죿
һô϶иģΪ˹Сɽ͹ɽҲǷġ
һμֳٶΪԵʡ
Ҫȥ׷
Ϸȴ⣬ϵԽԽҲúúĥĥȥﵣˣƹվԼˡ
ǻصȴĿġ
ҶϾ˹ϵϾһĿǰͿ¡
ȻԼϱ֣ҪǻûϾϵסһϺ͹ɾΣˡ
ԺǾҪǼ˽Ӵɺϡ
ϰһ۹⻹˵ûھԶԶġ
ɾȻе㿪ģСаǼȫǻá
ҲĺˣҩףЩ֣һҲϿ
о仰ô˵ţ˱пɺ֮
ЦеҲûϵˣǺܺõ£Ժٸ˽Ӵ
ϾɽҲ
뵽ɼҷ̫Сˣסһʱ䡣
Ϣһڶʰ͹ɺ뿪
鶼źˣɾãºܿɿȵʱͿԻؼˡ
ϿʼŸ˵׵¡
ϣ̽Եû˵ף
Ҳ£Ȼûڹǰ˵£ʵкܵǵġ


174

΢΢һЦûأʵҾðɣ׵Ҳûʲô㿴ǼҵſʼתҪǷҵʱԸ⣬ҿ᲻÷һȥìҲá
ĥҪ˵֮ǵľͶˣⲻǲŸͲʹ죬˵Ҳûָ
˵ҪǼһһǮһ๫ãǿһ㡣
ǣھ˵Ҳֻ˵˼ң΢һҲ̰ɣԼŬ׬Ǯ˵˵ȥֻܿԼ
ȻԺҲÿԼΪʲôŬһ㣬ô˵Ҳûʲôô
ʼţֻͨԼŬܹҪ
ȴôͬŮ˾ҲóӣҲûʲôɡ
ûȻ·Ͳ׷㿴ǰҼ˵׵ĶǸʵͽׯںӣҲƲǰֻ˵׵ʱǿңڼӺùһˣ˵׵ıǰЩ˼Һúܶ࣬ýҲûӵ˼ָо
˲һ˼ҶǼֵܽãǳҲõĸĸ˵û˹ܣ˵ѵӣŮһӾ͸óȻܶΪһҲһʣҪ
ҪǣŬ׬Ǯıҵ״õʳǵҵİӾͳףãΪףΪ͵ˣһ˼Ȼ
Լ뷨һֱŬ
ɵĻοһЦһ뷨ĺӣ˵ʲôʲôﶼ֧㡣
ɾϻǺĵġ
á
͹ǵϣΪ˵ҪһЩ
󴺰ѴӼĶһһİãȻ뿪
ڼˣ˾ˣǰۻı·
ϢһҲ뿪ˡ
״ںÿ飬˵ɼѧϰŬһǰ״ֻҪһڿ顣
߽ýӣ״һк״ȴһš
ǰţҲ֪˭дġЦŸɣ룬ӦԶͳеһ
ɽӹźɻ
Ҳûгȥţеš
ŷ򿪣óܱһֽ
ţϲ¶Цݡ
ǳдţ˵պϣҪֲҩġ
Ҳû뵽ǰ˵׼뿪ǣ
Ǯ˼ҵҲⲻˡ
״ﻶϲԸֲҩģ֤ġ
׬ǮͲôࡣ
Ǻ£ôģʵ
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ʵЩĿģⶼҪ
״ͬɵķͷҩĵȷʺɽú׼׼ջߺվͻؼҰɣ϶úúд
ҲƻģǣпʼĥҪЩʲô
ڶɾͿʼ׼ҪģҲ֪ҪգϿ϶˯ʲôĵûµģԲܵ
±ӣȻһЩ߰˰˵Ķ֮󣬽һ
ǰǾ᲻ûʮǮһ˵ģӣЩط治ܽԼ׬ǮΪӹøɡ
϶˺ܶණ⡣
صӵʱ򣬹϶ЩǣϾɲȥϣͻȻȻ¡
ϵĶ˶ˡ
ϵĵʲôôණʲô
ϵĶУɸ˳Ǯһ˽ݡ
һӣͰοǱģǳҪǼң˼Һòһ˿϶ܵˣǼЪϢܲþɱӰɣޱʳҲһЩ
Ϻ͹һ˶ϲҪǺ°˵Ǽ˼Һܶ飬ǸŰʰʰ
ʵĴ֣Цġ
Ƕĺãһȥǵʱ򣬳кܿ
ɲﱻ
ЦҵȻʰȥɽϴԡ
ҲûʱȥɽдԣϾԼϲеҲֻܳ΢һȥɽС
ʵûʲôʰģϰɾһֱǺģֻéôʰֻ
ţ׬Ӿ͸Ƿӡ


175³

еǸƼĻڴҲúܺõġ
٣ǮܳԱů
ӲӣһɨصϵȵǾ·Ӻòã㣬֮׬Ǯʱ޽·ˡ
һ޷ӵûأȻӣǵһӻˡ
еΪѵ·Ӳ޽˰ɣķӻסܶأǮţ޵ױ
Ʋ죺ҲŲҪء
Ƴһ۹ɣ㲻ѵҪһӡ
Цһ£ֻôһŮ
ճţȴû뵽ɾȻڼңǺ
һҪҲϲǺ£˼Ҵ˼ҵĹӸҪֲҩģ˵ҩĵܺá
Ҳֲ˲ٵĻƾȻϣܹǮ
գһͣ˹ɼſڡ
һ˳
һ˳̧ͷԺļӣ̲סЦ²ı仯󡣡
һԺɹ̫ء
ֻһεĽֲ죬һľȫһе㡭Ǽδŵĸо
ԹϺء
仯ͦ󡣡̲סпһ
ЦͦģݺĿյҲҩݣⷿԱҲҪӣ֮󶼵ϡ
к𾪣Ŷʱ䣬ɾȻô࣬Ҫ֪һĽƷʸĺã̶ʱˡ
һжԴڹɻҩݣƳҩƷʼߡ
׼չҩݣܺ棬һҲΪ˽¡
˼һ£˴㣺ʮ֪Ǵҩ£ܶ˶ȤչҩݣŴһ׬Ǯ
ǰɽ屻Ʋʮ綼ԸŮӼ޽֮ǰһչҩĵ£Կɽķ˺ܶ࣬ţȵһЩŮֻ°Ͳü޽
ʵ˴඼Ǻõģ˼𣬲ЩԺԣΪʲôҲǺõġ
ͬš
뷨ܺãһҺ֮ͬչҩݶƵҩݾʦмӣģƺܺá
͹µ̬ȣÿһ鶼ģЩСϸھܿɵΪˡ
Ϊɵĳ࣬˵ģɵĳֻͨ΢һҲСұ
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ܾĶһֱ
һݣ£˲ԼɹĽĿݲݡ
е㲻˼һ·Ҳ˰ɡ
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ϰѼ׼۽͹Ӷó
̬ȵóϰˡ
ĵ׺عϣһεͿ˵Ʒ
ǹɵĵ˵Ժĸ
豭һڲ裬΢΢ͷĿݲݵǽʵбĿġ
е㲻Ŀų
ʲô¾˵
ЦЦ˵ֲҩģûֲһ㣬ʱǴضûѴĵضֵء
һҲ֪ʵ˰ѵؿҪҪô˰ѵҲûԸ⡣
Цҡҡͷֻ²ԸѵҾ׬Ǯ˴Ҳƽ⣬֮ŪìҲá
ȷҪֲҩأȴãأظãԼֲ
ɵķҲͦźģ˵̬ȣҲ֪˵ĶǶԵģ˹ܶĲˡ
ʱֲ˼ҪѵҪȥҪȥ˵ѵ͹ٸˡ
Ļ֮Ĺϵˡ
Լ뷨̧ͷЦʵԼѵضֲҲҪˣԺʲôæµҲûʱջ˵ֲҩݵǣԸֲȻõġ
һǾȵ˼ǴŴһֲ
ɵͷ˶ǼжҲÿһ׶񼫻ֵ߲ðˣ˵ҲǱңԴһѣ֮һֲ֯ҩݣֻҪԸֲҶǣֲҩֱҡ


176

ͣӺܺã⵹ǿһԡ
Ҳù뷨ܺãôҸһֲԴ˻иģϾЩ飬Ըվ˵һ乫ûںͱӡ
Բˣ͵ҲڰԼ
ϢһһóŵĴ˶û뵽Ǹ߸ϺӵĹӸ磬Ȼӣֱȥ˹ɼң˵ʲô˵Ҫ֦ͷˡ
úܶ࣬˼һ˼ҵĹӸ磬ǧ϶Ŀĵġ
ֱȥҹҲ˵֮Ĺϵܺãϵôã˼ҹӸȢС檻ǿԵİɡ
С檣ҲǹҵٹⰡϾҪ֪˼ҿɶǽʳ޹ȥһӳԺȴòˡ
û뵽Χ۵ô࣬ҲͶ̶̵İʱ˶Χ˲˵Щδ޵Ĺʱָָͱ飬֮з͸ŰĽ
ܲ⣬ЩŮӸòаˡ
ϲϳ˼ҲûȢС檣ڳִ˼УҲҪݵġ
ֻϧ˭
Ҳû뵽ô
ˣӲͷƤȥȺ֮УȥҪ˵Ŀ࿴Ҳֻ˼ңһǹң߾ǴңǴ峤һֱĵĴ峤ҲȽ塣
ų߹ȥҲŹȥ
ܸм峤һεл峤ˣһֱûü˵лĻһԶǵô峤Ķ顣
峤Щִٲ˵˼ҵĹӸ֪ܰһֺǮ˼ңҹҲС˵ܴ
Ȼ˵мĻЩ벻
ʵûʲôֵøмģһǼҲӣֵĪҪ˵һҲӰ¡
ȴЦ峤ĪҪ˵Ǹʱɽʶӵģ˵Ƕ飬ⲻ֪մ峤һûпУܲһԸ
ͷһ۹ɣѯʹɿԲԡ
ɹ𴽽ǣǡ
Ƿ֮Ļشܵ˸ã͹֮һʲô˵Ĺϵ
Цô峤һҪȫ˶ɡ
һҲ˲ٵĺþƣȻûòˣ֪ϵĳպܺõġ
۷׷ס
ᳶ˳ɵ䣬ŰѹɳһԣصʵӸʲôϵ
úܣʵĽɣ뵽ǰһ͵ģ޵˼ֻׯ˼ң֣ͨɿܾҪ֦ͷˡ
΢΢һЦȤҸʲôϵ
椾ҲǹϵһͨӰǵԶ˼ҾȻܹ㡣
ɶֽΣҲ֪ô͡
мλҲţֻ֪´˶úܡ
Ͳˣôᡣ
ҵĺѰɣʵǣ֮ǰ幫ҲѣԲֹϵҲ룬˼˼ôСҲ˼һϲ԰ǾͱˣǶûе£Ϊҩݵ⣬֮ǰĽ˳ӣӾƵҩݺãһҪ̸⡣
ĵĽͣҪǻǰǲ͵ģĸࡣ
ô˼ǺҶм֮ģΪûе໥֮Թޣ߼ʣԺദҲǺܲõġ
椻е㲻ţƫͷɻ˵Ķġ
ɰһ椣϶İô˵ɣӼҾѾСסĵطǴķӺãԺӺܴܴ󣬴Ժ߳Ҳߺһᣬ붼ѾСźţ˵˼ҿǣǾͱˡ
һĥù˵Ҳе
ɽŵ˼ѡײѡģΪ˭ܼ޽ȥ˼Ҫѡҹ㶮黭ͨ˵һɶͻϼ֣дֶŤŤģæ˼ҳƵңĳҲûӦ
⻰׵ˣ
ɫÿ˺ܶ࣬͵ļλɫҲ滺һ㡣
һصߡ
Цȥ׼
˵žŴæȥˡ
׼˺ܶʳ˵Ǽϴ峤ˣ˼Ҳԡ
Ҳ˳۵Ҳֻд峤ҡ
óһԺӵơ


177

ĵĵҾóйƣѹͲͨеġ
΢΢һЦȻͨеģͨô
ͬ仰ЦӵȷͨˣҿӶĺܺãû
ֱҡͷ֪˵ʲô͵ûǺܺãǼǸʲҵģ˵ҲϣҸ̤ʵӵġ
յǣڸͲˣĵ顣
̾һϾɵľҲҲˣôһһԼ뷨
˶ܼʴ峤Ȼܵõ
кܶĽ𴺻ΪϵĹϵܺãʲô϶Ŵһ
ôǼʡ
С˰ϵĺþư
֮ǰûаҲǼƻҪ͡
峤Ҳæ
аӣһƮɢŨŨĲ㡣
ܺãкŴļ˻д峤һҡ
Ѿ˳ʵҲǽ軨׷һӲ˶ǲĸյģҰֻһˡ˵Ѿ̳ӵĸƿ˱Ƕ
峤͹˵ǰȾƵģžƵζ֪һǼ
к𾪣Ҳܻϲ
ʲôơÿˮҪˣ̫ˡ
΢΢һЦһοϲ¥ľƣһ¥ļƾƽҲѺȵҲãǡ˿ƽѣʮ̳ⲻ̳ҳʡ
¥𾪲ѣһٻ͵úüӣһʮӵĵطǶļǮ
һܹɡ
¥һٻ͵úüӣǰõľ¥Ʋ˵Ҳ֪һܹأʹá
оóƷˣǴϢ󻹵óƷѡ
ҵľƾеòˣ˵ľ˵㣬ǰͱҵľƺһٱ
Ըÿ˵һƣΪ˺ǷֿģҸ˲Ⱦֻһľơ
峤ǰһƾζζѣ
㣬ʵ㡣
峤롣뾴ơ
ϵļȲһƷζš
þƣƳŨζܴ
þơһ⡣
ŹϲǻϲֻҪ֪ϲͶˣһʱʱĻҪһƹֺá
ĹϵҪάģľøùϵرбҪ
ϵܲùɶкøУϵɻ᲻ͬһȻ׷·Ŭ㲻ɹٲڡ
ɶ˲¹кϵĲ˹ˣæˡ
⣬ɵȵľˣٵȵȣ⣬ɲ֪յóԣҲĪҪϽԡ
ΪڹɼңҲûоһҪ
ƷζƵĺžƣӦ˵ϵ⼸λƵƷζ
ôõľֻһӶѵúһأк˺š
һٷĻҲˣһҪúչɰѾͷǴӵĽҸ˵˶ҲôܸͷԵˣҲȲϰ
ǹˣǰΪ˱ܻķܣȴûгʲôдΪˣŶûһ˵ͷ׬Ǯˣīسɹֵֻ֪شԣӹÿͰ͵ġ
ܶ˼Ҷש߷Ǵһɫéݷ˿ҲӦõġ
ܹңԼ۹⣬ԺֻԽԽù
ȴ峤ĪҪ˵ɾһŮӣҪǼʵǲȥͷ¶档
ﻰͷ¶ŮҪ˵Ϻ¾ˡ
ȴͬʵҾŮҲŮҲܰ쵽Ůӣ˵ģڰǴδôܸˡ
ĵĿ佱ҪùҪƹɣɹԼ¡
ҲͲˣЩ˼ҿɣں˵ģ˼治޶ã㿴Ů޳ȥ֮󻹵ÿĥ죬һȥźӻڵҵġ
˵ҡҡͷãú÷ܶƴϾһǮ硣
ĬˣԼؿڣԼҪùɹ죬Զͷյ


178ˣСĻ

һе㼱ͺ¹һֱŰѹɼ޳ȥϽҾô峤˵ĶԣҲ˵Ҳû˼ˣͲҪΪˣһжпܣ˵Ժҵһ۰ء
һʵͦ۵ģΪҹɣر֪ɺ֮ʵҲȥǿȹϲ£ϾڹһжΪҡ
ʹԼû£Ҫб¹Ҳۡ
ӺùˣҲᱻ˸߿ô꣬ǿͰ͵ģŬҪɺϹϺӣκκЩá
ɲŽּãѾüӸˣͷԣ϶ȱٵġ
ؼһǣɵȷףȹԼ¡
˵̸ҲΣôͳȥˡ
ϣĵô˵ҵˣҵĻµȵʮ˵ɣڻأҲûм˵뷨
ϽĻ⣬ȴ̵ģٸһʱ䣬ֻҪһּ꣬󲿷Ҳ͸Ҹ׺̽аˡ
ʱҪȢҲûܣһҪŬΪֻŬϣŬĻǾһϣûˡ
һٷ˳Եú㣬ľƺܺã˵ζҲĺá
˵ĹϵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ӣǰ㽨ɰѵʵҲͬ⣬˶ǼǮۿģٴ󲿷ǣʱ򿴵׬Ǯ˾ͻѵջȥǼҿ԰ѵɣֻҪԸ⡣
ڳԷʱ顣
ѾˣվһԵ峤ĺˣѾµİ취ʱԸһֲҩģֲҩ֮ӡ
Դ峤ûô˵峤һҶǼҵĶˣôҲһֱڰǡ
û뵽Ѿа취ˣһҪŴһֲ
ɵͷ棺˵Ҳ뵽ˣԼ֣ҿ׬Ǯ˿϶᲻ҺҵҲûǸ°Ѵĵضˣʱ˰æҲ鷳Ǯ׬ֱӰҩֲҾͺã׬ǮˣĹҲԸ޵Ǵ壬ҿ˵ܶ˶˼Ҫѹ޽³ɹˣҲΪһ°ɡ
Цţܺá
ЦеŹɣ⣺Ǽҵȷ˵ܶԸԼĹ޽
ȻҲ˵Щ飬ЦɣǴӵĶˣһᾡȰҲܱ֤ҶһֲҩݣҿԱ֤һҾԸߡ
ɵӸŹһ֮ǼҲù٣ǰһֱΪСĻ·ΪӲڲˣһжĴӺù˲١
ҹʶʶԶⶼǴ˰
ֻҪԸչɵҩݣôӾһֱȥ
һԵҿ϶չɵҩݣжչ١
ԹɵҩݺģҩĴƹ񶼶ԹɵҩмӣȻгڴ
⻰ǻϲѣΪ̫ģЦ̫ƶ켷һˣĺܺð
ллˣ㰲ģһɺúֲҩݣһֲõҩġ
ΣӶԣ֮Ҳȥҵڡ
ҹĴׯ͵ģҰܽУвݴеĽﲻʱĹЩֻдеģϲɽ壬ʵҲϲֻΪϲסԱϲˡ
ܺã£ϵǺС
Ϻ͹ѾʰӺ꣬˴һӲһߵôݣء
һȣʱһ£ϵ£ܾûйˡ
ȻǳҵĴӣݹȴһҲɣЩֵһأ΢ʲôطˣôͻᱻ˼ң˵ģŬÿһ飬ȴԼƣ
ÿ쿴ǺңȴȫӦһЩͻȻֵ״ĸо˵Ϻܺá
һʱѵõС
ϼ˵ҲûȰ˵ǶŹɵúһ˵˵
˵ͽӡ
óһΪԼɵŮģ˾䲻ϳݣͦϲģӶҲ˿ûмӣϧǼݱ΢
ܳΪҲܿɹġ


179¾

ɰŵڳߣ̧ͷ죬ûĿǽڣѾܾûúÿˡ
ǰǰϲյϣԺ濴ϵǺǸʱʲô룬ӹԵá
ԴӣҪż˹Ϻ֮һк仯ÿ춼æµ֮Уܶʱ򶼲֪ԼʲôʱϢ
һۣ̫ˣÿ̫æˣܶʱҶ룬Ƕôߵڡ
ǰʱɹ飬ÿ춼ҪüΣôһһķ˫۵Ķ̧˵Ҳ˵ֻԼĬĬܡ
ΪϺ͹ģߵΪ֪ûк۵Ȩ·ԼѡģǰǾҲҪȥ
ЦһʵҧҧҲͳŹȥˣ׬ǮǻģвӲǣҸ֮¡
ͻȻĿŹɵûһܻ׬Ǯ๫ʳһӡ
е֪ɻôش
ǽڿǵĹɲûж룬Ҳûȥı飬ѿڶҲӰɣʲôŵԣҼʲôûҪһһӿɲס
֪ʵҶʵ֮ǰΪ׼Ȣ޾һֱ˵ŵԡ
׼ҵ㲻̫ãֻ˵Сô
ʯ֮ǰףýźʯ̿ڿ˵ŵԣҲǿô
ҪʳһӣʲôܣźӼҵСϰɣ˼ôϳ΢οͷ¶⣬Ǻܷ⣬ﻹ֪Щô˵ء
˵֪֮ϱ˾ͿԼ
ҿԼ׵ģϾԼУ˭Ҳߣʲôʲô
ϱӵŮ˾ӦˣδܶŬıʲôﲡûƲؼϡȻǺĸԪףձһұƵɱ
һпźܿʵҲԼðˣΪԼ
ⱲҪһֻһжҪԼȡûôŬ׬ǮʲôҲûϵֻҪлͺúѧץסͲֻ֣Ŭˣȡóɹ
Ⱳӵٸı˺ܶ࣬ڸòʱûҲûбԾ
һҲڽĵõӦ
о仰ô˵أж񱨡
֪˺ֻܶ࣬Ǿùɵ뷨ԣʵкܶӲŵԵġ
ɹǣӲ⣬ļѵôѵôܻ⡣
شóԶԣΪ˵ĺеŵкܶ˻⡣
ͷŵֻҪమǰ赲Ҳûϵǽһײǽк赲һȥֻҪİһЩ赲ʲôô
гڴҲġ
ΪţûйȥĿ
ֻҪһԸһ𣬾һҲҪڹߡ
⻰ù̲סĿ
ǿųȤû㻹ͦ뷨˵Ҳԣǲ֪ʲôʱҵʺҵӡţҵˣڶԷ˵֮ǰһ֡
ڶվˣΪҲΪʱҺܶҪȥɽе鷢֮ص￪ʼӹ⿪ʼͿʼæµ
ɱΪҪ漸գȴû뵽ôˡ
ле᲻á
ҵ˵ȥɽдأˡɰһͲݸ˳ó·Ͽųԡ
ЦЦû취Ҳԣϧʵ̫ˣлһġ
᲻뿪ɣ̲ס࿴˹ɼۡ
Ҳˣƽ̫̫ʱͲҪɹɣۡ
û뵽ᶣЦòǾҺ˳˰ɡ
ûŮ֮룬Ϊúͳ֮䲻һܣһʼû
ֻǰѳɺѡ
ɲǣ㿴ںģɹ̫̫ˣƽæҲҪñ֪˵ɹ̫̫á
ɸоֿʼ߶߶ˣˣˣ֪ˣһʱ䲻ɹ̫бһμҰ˲ٺòãڸɵﶼûɹ̫ʱ߰ɣһҪǰ˵ҵȥɽдԡ
ڴӦ뿪


180л

ܶ˶Źͳ뿪رЦŻĳ棬ܶӱĶ˲
ǰɽ͹˲Ű
վȺĹ̫̫
̫̫鲢ã֮ûлȥʲôط֪
춼Ѹؼˡ
Сɽڴϣ˳ԷҲԸһֱ߶ź
߻ħһ㣬ʵף˳һŮ˵ζǲӦõġ
Ҷò׳ߣȴɺͳˡӣǷҪԶţӳһ㡣
ڹ̫̫ߣǰϾһϲˣܶ໰Ҳ˵
Ƽ̫̫ʵ˵Ѿͷǲ̫ˣûûҼѩ÷ÿȴܽύǮƵĹӸ磬ƳСӳÿ濡Ρ
̫̫Щ̹
ΪŮиŮһͷأŮȻ˹Ӹ硣
֪б£Ͳö
ڻ߶ãڵãˡ
˵˼ѩ÷ȵϹɣ˰ɣѩ÷ôȵϹɣѩ÷׬ǮܴŴһ׬ǮУӸֻ»֪ô˵ˡ
Ʋ첻ˣʲô˼Ҽѩ÷ǵˣҼ˵ýýŶż̤ˣϹ˵ô
һƳһ۲ԶĹɣֵһ۹̫̫Ĳ
̫̫ƺһصɻȥûȥҹ˵ףΪܶ˼ұȲùңЩ֪֪֮˵Ҳ˵Էô֮ǰ˵׵Ķʲô˼ңŵǮɡ
ʵȻϲɣҲֲͰ
οҵѩ÷ҲÿԲԣһ椣Ҳ㣬΢Сұ
֮ĿɱҲòá
׵Ĳˣŭʲô˼ƲҼǲ
ܵ˶Ŀ˹Ͼ˶֡
̫̫ҲҲ侲Ҳû˼ǾðɣЩȲá
ıźÿһ㣬ЩһǾŮã뿪ü˰ɣϢûûȥʣ
̫̫һҲģĿһ۹ΪʲôҪȥȥȥҲ߾ߣͻġ
Ʋ죺Ҿʣ˵ɲô˵ҲǼ˶ʮˣôҲһˣҹЩҲԣ׵ѵ볤ѸȢֲǲ֪Ѹ֮ǰʲôˡ
ϵĹϵõ㣬ȻƽΪͻܣôҲǽãͻȻ˻Ǻܵǵġ
һ˸˵ƽʱ֪˭ˡ
̫̫ϸĥҪǲڼң˵ҪȢѸ
ѸǴҵЦȻڴˣѸиϡ
Ͼദ˶ʮ꣬ʲôӵҲ˽⣬ƢҲ˽⣬ҪѸϻõô죬˵ѸǸʼįģʱ򹴴ô죬ǼĹˡ
ҾȥǼʡ
ôһо͵ˣҪʲôô죬Ҳң֮ǰֵô
Ҳܴô룬Щý͵ĶˣҪǲţ˵ٶҲûá
һֱæŸҽͣúôԼ
µҲˣ˿϶ܶĽģҪһƽźá
֮ǰ֮˵ֲҩݵ飬ܶĽʵĿ⣬ʱǰ˵ˡ
峤֪ܲͨһ´ңǼߴҡ
ܲ죬Ϊ֮ǰ˵֮˵˵
⣺ΪҪǰҾ֮˵á
̾Ϣһ㿴ܶ˼ңЩʱ򱻼ʿɲǺ¡
кܿգҪǿҵҲ˵
˾ٲ˵ġ
ҲƼ˵ˣ֪ɵǺбҪġ
ô˵ھȥټҡ
ǻؼһһѣױһȥ˹ҡ
ԺѾˣҶžҪ˵ʲô¡
˺ܾöûоһˣҲ֪ʲôҶŲ²š
Ҳˣ˶Ҫķʽֹ֧ɡ
ߵ˹ߣһΧŵˣһЩ˼û


181¸

д˶ô飬кܶѹͲ
Ե˺һ֮󣬻ʣ¼˼ûҲֻա
ɱҪΪҺãȻ˲ҲˣЩҲǿ˲ǡ
˶ˣҲĥ䣬ֱӵдΪһ¡
˶໥ͷӶҪ˵ǰ˶ôŹɣԴӹɴ׬Ǯ֮ٻŹ˵Ļ
̫Եȷһ£Ҷ֪ҲΪ¡
˵ҲҪҸιɣϾ˶ٶеƶ̬Ǹ˼ҵĺӣΪӣҲ˵ܿء
ΪŻѳֳҲΪôҸιɡ
ˣɼҵȤˣЦҾһҾ˵˵ʲô¡
˶ˣȫ˹ɡ
ɺĿŴ˵ոߴҵģŴҲҪǣھ͸ߴңʱ仹ܳҿԺú롣
ܺ泶ɤӵʲô°
ʴԸԸֲҩģһչҩģɽϵҩݱϾޣժҲЩ࣬ȥ׬ǮҲ࣬Ϊ˳ÿǣΪ˸ӷ㣬ж˼Ըֲҩݣʱһ취ֻҪǮͺãʣµôֲһ̵ңҩջʱҲչ
˵ЩоˣϾ֪жô˵أȻ֪Ǻ£ЩвǺ¡
棬˵֮˶
ӺһԵĹЩԸ⣬Сۡ
Ҿ²УҪǵﲻׯеĻšеԥ
ҲЩǣҲǵ㣬Ҫҩȥһ굽ͷæˣٵĶŵճء
ͬ۵ĻﻹС
ʱվ˳֪Һԥʵϸ׬˲ӣĥ룬ǸֲһҩҲû⣬ҳӼһչеҩݣ·ҲˣҼҰ׼ֲˡ
ŹɣһֱԹɶġ
ʱҲվ˳ЦеҲԸֲʱأҼҽ꿪ֲǵأ׬һأû뵽İɣҼǵõʱЦأɵģؼǣׯһ׬һӣûʳ׬Ǯ򰡣ֲҩݻɣ㿴ҼֲĻƾûô
ܽŹֲҩݱǺܶԵ顣
椵ĵʱҲ̬ˣ˹֮ԽԽùݣ˵ĽǼٵģͷǰҪ˵ɿǲܵģΪ˭֪ʹǼҹϵá
ǲ׬ǮĻ˹Ҳ˵˵һģһ׬Ǯ
ҲԸֲҩݣҲˣֲҩݿ϶Ƕ꿪£ջԸɲժҩݣʱ׬ǮҲ˵ˣֲҩҲȥôҩأһһȥ£ⲻǻгӡ
Це˵ţҲԸһ׬Ǯ
رף´ӦˣɲԸ׬Ǯˡ
Ҫڶˡ
кü˸ŴӦ⼸˶Ǹ峤ϵõģɿһ۾֪ȻǴ峤˵ʲô
ҲãȥһһȰ˵
ʵ˫Ӯ飬ΪֲҲ׬ǮҲ׬Ǯ
ܶҲű̬ʣµ˻ԥ
Ӻ͹ҲĶˡ
˾һ˴ӦĶҶӦľͿʼˣܵԼҪǲӦ׬ǮĻô졣
ӵǵ㿴ʹŴӦˣҪҲӦ
üͷԥ֪ڸô졣
Ҳ֪ô찡㿴ϵõļ˶Ӧˣǲ׬ǮĻҲŴӦҾ°˳׬Ǯģ밡Ҫǲ׬ǮʹӦ
ҲعˣҪ˵һƭǲܵģϾ˭ӹȥ
峤Ȼϸϵõļ˼һֲҲ˵ⶫ׬Ǯġ
ø첲¶˾ģҲӦӦҷҪӦˣҪǴ˿޶ҲطҲһ£ҶֲҲһҪ׬ǮˣģͿĳĵضһأٵһ궼׬ôࡣ
Ҫǳ˲֪׬أһᣬֵȥ


182·

ɼ󲿷˶ӦˣûļҲȰ˵ˡ
벻׬ǮôģҲ
ЦеҪֲﱨֵҲûϵ׬ǮŵͰǰ䲻ϧҲÿԼ᲻գҰһҪֲġ
ֿʼߴߴ˵
˶Ȼ۵ʱ򣬹̫̫ǲгȺƮǰ棺˵ǻˣֲҩأʱæɾͰ׷˰УǾôëѾͷ
һֱվԺôԸŹһ׬ǮǼʵģǼҿ϶ǲֲϾǸ档
Ϻ͹ҲֵصˣСɽ͸Ӳ˵ˣ͵;͵
Ϊ˼߰ƣɾȻЩ¡
ǰ˴඼Ҹɼ˵ڿ󲿷˶ͽɣиǲ
ѰƮķ򾲾Ŀȥ
Ӱһ۹̫̫ŻëѾͷΪܴ׬ǮҪܴ׬ǮҲ㡣
ŴӦ˹أɲù̫̫ˣ˵ɶţѵȥŹ̫̫
ܴʲô濴ɲʹСǺܿ׵ġ
Ҳ̫̫Ļô˶Ӧأ̫̫˵Щ˵Ƕûӣе㲻ͱˣŲŲôһʱô˵ˣɴŴ׬Ǯȷд£ҲǼûմĸ㲻Ըֲˣ˵ЩĻʲô
Ƴһ۹̫̫
ǱĹ̫̫ԼҶóһˣϷأ֪ͣһ㡣
ĴҲǵʱ򣬶ҹҲûбŴҸֲ˼µʱҿǣ̫̫ôڳЦûӡ
»˭Ҳ̹ο̫̫͹һҿͷһ㷢ȨûС
̫̫ûϵһӦ˶ûġ
Ѿкܳһʱûи˽ˣǰҶηأһС
ʲôڴʲô·Ц
һǰǵ£Ҳһ䣬ĵ¿ηΡ
һֱأɫƽ̫̫Լں档
ȺĬÿһƺҶղ
ߵ̫̫ǰЦʵô˵أ˵ҲûͲҶ֪˵Ļأ棬ûƭң׬Ǯ׬Ǯ֪Ϊʲôʱ򴺻Ҫֲҩô֪׬Ǯ֪ΪʲôǸʱҲ֪ͨô
һȦڳˣĶ㯵
Ϊʲôʳ˴ҵ
΢΢ǵΪǸʱ˵춼ңԼֲֻҪҿһţֲҩ׬ǮôҸŲҩҲǶҩǲǱȵһٳׯ׬ǮժʱŴҶˣӵĽʵҰѴеĵֲҾܾˣǱֲ׬Ǯ
˵ֹͣˣǿ˴д峤һңܰЦˣҵĵطǴΪƵĹϵϴĹﶼԸ޽ҲǴкܶȢϱȢϱѸӣЩҶУŴ׬Ǯ˻߿ǴһۣÿÿȢϱʱôѣҸЩż޽
ȷûѡ
ô󲿷˻Ǻܿɰģûʲôޡ
һԵͷܸж˵ģҪֲҩҲǷǴ岻ɣΪʲôѡǴ壬ΪһҺôŴжôȫΪ˴ˣϸ²ժ֮˶Ǵۺ˺ܶ࣬ܶ˶֪ɡ
ڳܶ˶ͷȷܶ˶ڹĨǵĴء
ɽŵֻҵһС뷨ʵؼĻҪ׬Ǯƾҿֲˣʣ׬ǮĻһֲôŰ״Ƕʱ䣬еҩԣǮҩָƣѧΪҼӺùҾŴһӹǹƽģǴȻܲǴرʺֲҩݣǾ仰Ըֲȥ峤ǼǣԸҵҲûϵҲǳģղҩݵʱҲԼţ׬ǮĻᣬԺǲԸġ


183˲Ӧ

ûôȻ顣
Ըһʱ׬Ǯģ϶᲻벻Ĵš
ԸˣҲûҪڶλᣬҶ׬ǮȻ۰Ͱ͵ĸûô£ٵʱṩָ
˶ϸĥŹ˵Ļʵжɻ治ǷҪŴһ׬Ǯ
Ȼңһ׬Ǯˣֲܾòԡ
̫̫ƺһͬ˵ôΰôΪԼ׬Ǯ
ɵͷͬ˵ҲеҲΪ׬Ǯʲôݵģرǹ»ȡ꣬˫Ӯģ׬ıǲۣܲҰæɣҲҪԷҩչۿ϶ҩһҲ˴ң׬׬ǾԼ£Ҵм׬Ǯ
̹ϣ׬ɾǮθС
ӳĿŹ̫̫ǲɵ϶׬Ǯϸ´ֻܲժҩݻôҩݣ̫Ķ̫æɹ˺üȦ˼׬ǮðɣôŬڿ˶׬ǮˣѵЩ׬
ֲǲ֪׬Ǯ˼׬Ǯǹİϸ²ժͱҩʱ˰ʵĽõȥأǮһ˼һһģɸǶ٣ֵȼǮİģõʮģǰѺõĺͲĻһҲǾǮ⻹µȥϣֻҪڼſھˡ
ұҩݼǮҲչĸߡ
ɼ󲿷˵̬ȸһǺģôҺûǣչҩݵļǮߣһҰģ̫̫ҲϣĻҲ˵ֻȰһ䣬̲Է޴ǴҴٴҶߴߣȥŬӺùķ㲻ᣬô껹ԭ̤ׯĲ׬Ǯ˵ҡҡͷ
Ǵʵһ굽ͷֲʳԺء
Ǽڣ԰׷ͳ԰׷ҲǰԸ²ɶǹꡣ
ο̫̫ôһ֣мһԥˣֱӴӦֲ˾ûˡ
Ź̫̫뿪ıӰƽ
ǰô̫̫һˣ֣ЩӸԶı䲻˵ģƲ̫̫һҲ
ڹ̫̫һңûȥѾ˰ɡ
˵Цɽ뿪Ҳ֪ȥ͹Сɽĳſһ˵°ͣСɽⱲҪȢϱǸˣΨһľȥԶԶĵطܲһ
ֻҪѼӹԽԽãȻһԺŲ迴̫̫һ
һο˺ܶණ֪̫̫ǺóʵģûʲôԼԽԽùӹԽԽʤи̹ù̫̫һҼҪ̹ܶࡣ
ԺӻԽԽù̫̫һֻԽԽ尾
ûһҲûжĸ顣
Թ̫̫Ѿ׵ˣѾͷ˵ֲܸҩô
Ȥһ¹ɣŮܸɺԺ
εƳһ۹ˡ
һԵ˿ŸŮ˵ӶЦˡ
˳һֻûֲҩݡ
ʲôԸȥ˽⣬й̫̫ҡ
Ѿţȵҷ׬Ǯʱ򣬹̫̫
˶Ļؼҡ
ЦеİѵǼǺõֽ۵ݸɵպˣҶԸֲҩݣֻдôôֲʲôҩݡ
˴㣬ƾĻ˻ֲһҴüӣֲһԹܺܶ꣬ҽļǮҲҪǿȻĵغܶѡҲܶ࣬ôҶֲһֵġ
ֲ϶еģЩ߽ǴĵȴֲҼһſҲֲǰݺֲҲӰڵֲʲôҩݣʱٿôֲֵߵġ
峤˳˼ҲŹɡ
죬ɻعŴ峤ЦЦ֮ȥɽڽְɣǰݺ󶼿ֲֿ꣬ǮֱԵҲֲ
ҲһţȻ֪ǹɸǵĸ
һ˻صУϺǽĿŹɡ
ھðŮӺء
ȷҪڻôȢϱҶӾҲûô˵ھΣҲΪ̫Ƶùô졣


184ݺݺ

̫̫ȥ֮͸ˣʲô˳ۡ
رһ뵽˻ӭûиǿƲѡ
һǹ÷ˮǼȴڲ֪ԽԽǿʲô˳ۡ
̫үϺŲ裬̫̫ŸӶȥˣȻ˼Ȳ裬Ҳ취Ѿ˴ȥˣǲǻҡ
ſ϶ûģһұϵͲá
̫үбһ۹̫̫ƵȰȥ֣ǲǲȥˣҲڴ͹ܻӭ峤Ҳ£ȥֿԡ
̫̫£ⲻôСɽڴţ
̫ү̾һǻٵˣɽڶԸǣСɽڴϣŵĶŮˣָܷͼǿüùⲻǿЦô
Ҫ˵ؾͰѵغúõţܶ꣬һӣȵʵڶˣҲڶ
ûȥҹˣָܲһء
ϷǲƽǰĽʼǶϣҲŬ׬Ǯϱźţӱ
أʲôҪԼֲ˵˻û˹ܣ˶û˰
ƺߵڼָҲֻСɽˣҪǸСɽϱ
̫үҡͷɱǼϣײĶûһ볤ǴײİҹһϯӹᣬײģѹͲܡ
ԽԽܸɣٿЩ飬֪ΪʲôԽԽƲˡ
ǰôôϹһֱùȹأѹûɱ԰
Т˳Ҳƽ⣬ǰҲɵúܡ
ʱôϹء
ò˵Щ˾ǺõʱأѹͿãԶǵʱȴֿʼ߶Էĺá
Ϸ˲Ъһžͱƿˣǣһλȹ΢ֵĸ˽
һƣⲻѸôôˡ
ѸţֺõĳŹϷЦǻˡ
Ϸ΢΢üѸǲʲô
ǼҶ˴ЦȥѸô춼ûϵؼҾˣô˫۾ء
ѸϷ˵Ļǰһӻͳһ˫ֵ˹̫̫ݺݺһ⣬Ϸ¡
ϷɻĿһѸǰѲ˹ֱӵѸ򿪡
ȻһĶ׹ӣǶ׹ӵĿʽʺ
кöûвյĵֶ̣Ѹ̬Ҳ˺ࣺܶɣôǼˡ
ѸЦеĵΪЩϲˡ
ʱܼЦŵݺݺˡ
̫̫һˮںȣͻȻ⻰ȵĲˮ˳⻬
ŵĿŹ˵һ顣
Цݺݺˣȥˣһˡ
̫̫Ŀ˹ȥǻɣһʱ䣬ѸһһˣѸ˵Ұ˸Ķ࣬Ҳ֪˭ĺӡ
Ǻܻɣ⻰ɲܶԹ˵
ЦкǺ£⺢ӿɲҪ
ɲܽһĺӣڴѾ˴ҵЦѸʲô˴˶ⲻǼԶΪ˵Цô
Ѹɫ˲԰ǰĴݵҲûˣܻŵĿŹૣ
ܲ˵ľѸģһҲֵġ
Щÿ̫̫ʲô˼ݺݺﻳŵĿǹҵѪҵĺӰ
ĹȻѸĺġ
Ϸ˲ʲôףѵẦ㲻ɣ׵Ѿ˴ҵЦϻ㷢أɽСɽô
ʱήˣȷСɽ͹ɽأͬⲻͬ⻹Ǹ⡣
ϣҲ֪ȥˣȢѸҪֵüɹ
Ѹˣĺò׻ϵģ˭Ҳ֪ô˹Ҫһӣòˣɲζиӡ
ܸߵһȫǿɵױƿأǸûӵģǲŮһֻҪѺͳɡ
̫̫Ȼ
Ͱ͵ŹҪȾǺӰ


185

ѸóľǿÿһζѹԵġ
ȻϰǺзϵġ
ܲ˵ľѸһĶˡ
Ѹ滳ĺӣӰĺ²ǡ
ôҲ⺢Ӿôˣһġ
УⲻģĺӿɲܲҪҵĺӣһҪѾȢݺݺˡ
Ҳ棬⺢ӿ϶Ҫ
Ǳ취Ź̫̫Щ⺢ӲܣҾȥýףȻȢ޵顣
ѸϹϲãֻҪԸȢʲôð졣
̫̫ɫһϣˣôҶ㣬ۼСɽûϱأȻȢޣǰЩ黹Ǵ˵Цô˵Цϰˣ
˵Ѹ˾ɷŮȢӻͣأҶĺ֪˭ġ
ϹСɽûϱĲΪԼӿǣȴȢޣⲻô
һСɽȢ޲Ȣ޸ʲôϵ
˵һӵĳ裬ȻǲߣܾϹСɽռ˱ˡ
ңһʱСɽʲô鶼ڼ˯
ָ̫̫ŹıӾôôӣҲͬȢޣȥʲôط֪ô㷢ޣȻѪʲܡ
ôѪˣԼҪܰʱǰúҪ뿪Ϊ뿪ܻˣǲȥġݺݺҪ֪ˡ
뿪ãԹİȢһϻˣһҲ췹
ʱϳҲûãʲôֲǲ֪Ȣһ˽һ죺Ҳˣݺݺ˵ˣǼҲޣŻӡ
зŭƽĹ̫̫֮˲ɫ͡
е㲻ŵĿϵ˵Ŀġ
ѸĹֻ̫̫ǮǹĵұϾǳɹ׵ˣҲûʲôݣƸͲҪˣϲģԽźһ׶ӣʱСɽ˵һ¡
ֻҪӽͺð죬ôҲ˲ٵӡ
̫̫ڹЦݣƳһѸĶӵ⻹ȷǳġ
Ѹˣŵ֪кܶҵĴԣЩԺҲ֪װҲۣӸһ֮Ҿ񡣡
⻰ìܣ̫̫ȴǳһŶ衣
һԵĹ̫үҲʹĸ̫̫ɫ
̫̫û̴Ӧ˹ҲǲܴӦ㣬ֻҺʹˣҲһˣڼҲڵȻҪȢϽţҪĪҪȢ֮Ͳܲɲá
˼ܼ򵥣ҪȢϽ͵Ŭ׬Ǯҡ
ϽͷӦΪݺݺôҲŬ׬Ǯǡ
ӵϲãٿҲŬ
ﰲģӽʼҾŬ׬ǮһǹϺӡ
ϵʱίдϢˡ
̫̫е㼱һί˵ɫʱֲõԤС
ȥ֪ˣǵʵ
ί̾ϢһȥسǵԺ
ɶ̫̫ˣԺʲôط֪ôԺֵطûװ֮˵
һ뵽п˷׵飬̲ססί˵ֵȥֵطʲô
ί˵ֱ̫̫úܽܲ΢΢ü֡
̫̫ҲԼðʧе㲻˼⣬Ҿе㼤Ҿô¡
ίȴһƣϢҪǮģ¿ûаװæ¡
̫̫ϽóʮǮίȴҡҡͷ˼Ծǲ
̫̫֪ΪϽʮǮίŻһ·ȥس֮˺ܶطҲʵԺǱߺԺȱϴµӣԾԺס°æˣҪ˵ϱҲԲҪˡ
ȥֵطӣҲɾȥ
ϾкܶĿˣָͱ˿ˡ
̫̫еãȻ޴ˣϾȻȥֵط£ǹҪһô
ңֵ֪طɾȴҪ£Ǻ͸ңԸ
ί˰ϢҲ뿪
ɱϹ䣬ȴһİߵ˴ڣʵô
˿ɫҲûɵĳ࣬ŹɺòǴĹ̫̫¡


186

һȤˣ̫̫İĸʲô˲˼𰸣նһһ񶨡
֪̫̫ʲô̽ʵҲûϣ˵
ùϲǣ˾Ȼ˿ڣΪϱϣҪȥǡǸˣԴ֪ȥʲôطԾ·׬һǮ
ɺȤߵߣСǮ˸еܸܲ˵˵ȥ
˺ԥɻĿŹɣ֪СΪʲôһ˸Ȥ
ɼ˳ٳٲ˵ЦĪҪ룬ʵ϶е飬ⲻ뿪ӶôˣһֱܵİΣҪϢûб˼
⻰ˣ˹еͭǮսɶߵȥسǵԺʵӣֵط治ʲô׵ĵط԰
ûм˵ȥЦе뿪˵ܶ׬ǮҲǺõġ
ɺ𾪣û뵽ϻȻȥسǣȥԺΪ˱ô
㱨Ҳͨ˵ЩȷһЩ
ҹ̫̫˶ܲˣ뿪˵ǺõĽ
˼ĻصУһ۾Ϳˡ
ǵôȥһȦǶ˻һ㣬ʲô£
Ҳǵǰɣʲôˣ
£ԥһ»ǰ˵˵˳
ϵɴ۾һУ˵ʲôϾȻȥ˹Ժ
΢΢ͷҲû뵽ҲǶԹˣǻһƼѸأôһ𣬹ƺ½
ʵû뵽һһô⣬ǰ鶼ûƽϢŪѸСɽûأӵңڣ˯Լϱ˵תۼҪȢô
ʧҡҡͷ̾Ϣһû뵽Ϻ͹Ȼֳܳ˵Щָġ
̫үʲôʵǺ˽⣬ΪСûôĹ
ֻ̫̫ӣô˵ˡ
һŪҲǻãûһͬ˼
΢΢һЦܺãǼǶûϵǼҵʱ򣬿ɶȣڼҲûʲô£վȥҩˣҵĴ󴺸һҩæܶණء
ƻյģû뵽Ȼ뿪ˡ
뵽һδĺϢҲϲȵҶֲҩݣյʱ϶׬ӡ
϶Ϻ͹ֻǺ꣬˵ͬ飬Ҳ˵ж棬Ǽ˸һҶûһϵˣӹʲôӶ޹ء
˱µȥϣҪȥ˾˼һˣڹѩҪˣʱҩæҲҪ
ʱæµɲô£ԹԼʱʵ̫æˣҶˣѩ׿Ǵ顣
ɲǣɣʱæҲҪ֪϶
ѩܶҲãҲѩԼŮ
ȴĥѩʲô
۾ȴ鵽ǽǷŵľ̳ӣһЦĿŹǾ̳ľܵôһ˾˴ȥɡ
ͰƣǺþƣµ᲻á
ȴѣ⻹˵ѾͲˣôõľһҪ˾˳һ
ڶĹɻû𴲣ֵúܡ
ϵ洫ƺʹڽ̸
û뵽ȻҪȢѸû뵽û뵽ŮҲȢšе꣬û뵽ľʹϢ
ô˶û뵽ûԤϵĵȢѸš
ϲµһܣ΢΢üòѸ˰ɣҪ˵Ҳ̫ѸҲᡣ
Ҫкӵпôס
е㲻ţɣɽˣкӹôңѸĺ˭֪ǲǹģڸѸһ˵ѸǸǴеȾʮͷŹ
Щֻ𾪲ѣû뵽ص顣
ûվڴ͵š
ȵϺʹû֮Ŵд˳ȥ
˻ûɢȥΧһʲô
ɲЩ鵱벻
ѸҪ滳˺ӣǿɾͺˡ
еаţʱɽźӻȻѸźӣɽĺӵýѸĺʲô


187պ

һʱũУ˴಻ԴˣϾϸҲ׬˲ӡ
ºòйЦҿ϶ܴ
ԣ˶Χ˹Ժ档
ȹȥʱȴһýŴԺ˳ЦеģýŶΧŵ˲ûʲôرķӦͷŹ̫̫ô˵ˣպͳףʱǿҪ׼ð
ճף˶𾪲ѣȻôܳף
̫̫ϵЦݵҲãΪѸѾһӡ
ȵպѸֿԸһӣؼǣڿ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰ緹𴲳ԣھȻ
ò˵Ǻܴġ
˭ҪԼӺã̫̫Ҳġ
ֻҪѸù׬ǮúõĹӣǽѸҲûʲô
˶ţе㲻պͳ׵¡
ɵǼֲֵģѸˣѸϾ๫ģҲܷ죬һӽӹ
Ϻͬĵͷ
⵹пܡ
һŹӣЦŵǲѸĺǲǹġ˵¶һζЦݣЦݵ˼ԡ
ʼ粻ǲǹĺӶҪҪǣġ
ò˵һ仰˵˵ϡ
̫̫ʧˣΧŵЦպϲơ
ȴһȹѸϲƣĸǿɲӦ
ѸǻǴ֮Ҫɽô
ܲҿɲϲƣҶùܺԼ˰Сĺ꾫һգ۾͸ˡ
̫̫ô⻰˼ˣ˵˵⻰ʲô˼ҼδϱƫҲ˵ʲôֻ㵱ŴҵڮҿҪģȵʲôʱǼˣ˵ڿĻɡ
ƲѸպҪΪˣڱ˵϶ġ
ֻ⻰̬ǵôд󲿷ָ˲ˣϷ˵Ҫƫ̻Ѹ˵һȫǲҪ
ƺһҪ֤ˣʱҹ洦£ǹҿмҹġ
ʱͺˡ
Ѹ֮ǴôҪԭû˹ܵˡ
ΪҲûݣѸΪΪ˷ףȴûҲ磬ϸڴЩ˶˯Ѹٻġ
ڿɽɲУĸǿɲӦ
Ѹи˶ѣ˵֮ǰû뵽һ㣬һ룬ҪѸ
ҪǹܲסѸʱѸˣǶˡ
ѵúͬĵȷҪԼҵˣŮ˵ķʵ̫
ɽȻ绹Ǻܺõģ˹͹СɽֳЩ飬ûгֹ£һЩҳ̵ìܡ
̫̫ҵЩԽ˵Խ˳Ц簲Ĺӣҵȵӵ־ͺá
תֱӽԺӹš
ĸǸº˲ġ
Ѹʱ򲻰֣϶̫ƽ
ʱ򻺻ĪҪǣһһûңϼ޽֮ǹˣʲô˷׵飬Ҳ֮ġ
⻰ף֮ǰѸڸڴ˷׵鶼û£ֻҪ޵˹ңô˴¾Ҫܳͷ
ôĸ˶Ĳ١
ɼ˼ˣҲתȥ
һֱҡͷϧ˵Ȼɶһ㣬ԹĵģôҲΪǸҾľȻСëҲ̫ѸôҾ͵Ĳĸӡ
⻰ˣ˵㵣ЩʲôǲǸӸҲûϵ
ɾͬķģǰôΪʲôӵ˹֪ô֪һ˵ʲô˵氮
һЦֻп䣬ûͬ˼Ͻʰʰȥϡ
˵ĻȷЩ׵
ɵͷصҳʣµͷһװһӳʳЩ鷳󴺴ȥҲ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪״򲻻󴺣ǻ̲סǡ
ɹЦеĵӰģ󴺸ϳԵúסúãʲô¶ûУⲻǻôҲ۸ġ
һ仰ôЦǰĵҲһɨա
֪ǼҴ˱һ㣬ʱġ


188

⻰̲סЦˣ˵󴺸Ҫ˵⻰᲻ġ
ϾƽﻹǺܵɪģ佱Լš
̲סָͷùɵԴֵѾͷ
Ѿ˨ˣ֪ҪȥϣĥŴ㳵һȥ
Թɺϣ뿪˴ӡ
·ϣӺ˵Ŵĵ¡
ɵܶЦԷǵġ
˵˵Ӿˣ˵ֲҩ׬Ǯô
ƫԴĿӣЦӾأƭʲôôء
֪Ȼܶ඼ӦˣжٻЩǣ顣
еΣȷǲιɣӲǲ㣬ò̤ʵҲֲҩ׬Ǯʣܲ˸һֲ
ɻȻΪǲأԭΪҪһֲҩݰ
⵹ǲ⣬ʵھһһΪ̵档
׬Ǯǿ϶ģԶҪԺȥסȥסҪﶼϺӣѾСźӣԡ
ҲҪȥΪ˽Լһʳﶼ᲻ö
ֲҩݵԽ࣬˵Խ
ֻ󻹵úúԼһԼʲôǱزٵġ
ԥŵҲǲԣֻǴжϲ˵л֪ģҰûаˣʱл˵ˣ˱ʲôģҪȻǲ鷳ȥͰʣû˭ԸֲģУʱһӸǡ
ӻϲѣҪͺˡ
ûоܾɰϽӦû⣬ȵϻȥҾ͸˵˵ɣҪ׬Ǯһ˶м㡣
ɹ𴽽ǣǻݻģ׬ǮҲ׬ǮӶùҵĿģҪȻҴԼֲ
⵹ǴʵܴһǿǵˣߣûôʱҲϺ͹̫ۡ
˵̸Ժ
Ů˼ҼкüСӶȲϰɡ
˵ŮǮóȥˮڿɲΪ
ҵŮ׬ǮТ˳Ҳ֪Ƿϱʲô£ⱲӲôõŮ
ҩ³Ҳûнȥȥ˵ӼҹҪ죬ϾһЩƺ͵ϡ
ɽҩãһ۾Ƽڹ̨ſ֣Ҹ棬ݶûв
ͻȻͷ󴺣ͻȻһ󴺸硣
ר־ֵ󴺿Ǳһһ˶QеëһһˮȾ
ŵؿڣ̧ͷεĿŹɣ˻˵ģֵƤˡ
ΪΣɾϲ档
һЦܺãӷ˹̨ϵҴģҹúܣҲһʱˣҪȥ
ҩõʱˣҲҵģֻû˵
һ˿ԥ̾ϢһҡҡͷҾͲȥˣһôˣûһգԺȢ˻ӣҵҲ⣬Ҫѧϰȡܹһ档
⻰Ǹжģ뷨ò˵ܶ¡
ü󴺸뵱ȻõģҪҾͻȥһҲûʲôҿء
󴺻ҡҡͷϽָżҩ⼸ô㲻ڵʱҼҩæҵģҺհ״ҩá
еΣ󲿷ֶʶҪҩ˼ҼҩҲԸ⣬Ͼβ˵鿪Цá
ɴչȥһ۵һǾӣһС
ָŵļҩֶ˳ȻŰŵĽ󴺡
Ϊǰ͸˵ˣ뿪ʱø󴺺˶ͻ˴ӡ
״ںÿ飬ǰýʶ֣ԼҲûţеҩݶװ֮ҲëƵд
״ڷܵˣʲôʱ򿴵ڿҪȻǳȥβˡ
У״Ǻˣô˶ûиһֱôŬѧϰôỹʲôɲŬ
ŤŤҲÿܶิһĻдͷŷ룬Ҫжѿжѿ
ֲһһϦ£Ҳ٣أϰܻġ
˺ܶóԵģֻЩܷţ󴺺Ͱ״Լֱӻص˰״ļң׼һԡ


189˵

ûйڵʱеµįϾ׼뿪ˣҲֻйܹྣ˵˵
չɲڣǵúܣڻҲͻϲˡ
ԶְѲ˶һ飬Ȼӿ
ĳûϺãĲζǲģ״󴺺СƣҲͺ
캫ûе˰ɡ͵ĺڵҡ
һ뵽ͻϲЦеĵûأһʰ֮ͲˣӺôҲˡ
û¾ͺãɻҪǺ£Ҫúóκһ¡
״ʱȴˡ
ֹɺϤǹɽϱô
Ϊʲô㣿ɻĿŰ״
״̾ϢһеϧҪӣⱲӶ˺ӣɽƺ˺ܶ࣬˵ڿ׬ǮҪҽκϱĲ
ɲûͬ飬ЩʱЩ˵ĺе˱пɺ֮˭ƶóɣϾûо˵ˣҲȻ򣬹ɽս⣬ܾðռ˵Ƣ鲻ܾôԲ
ӣһУһѿ
ӻͷɲŹɽӻͷ
״һֱڹ۲ɵķӦȴƽûһ˿
²ȤΪɸȤģϾһҸһг
ɳŰ״ЦЦҸȤֻǾЩ˵ıݵĸıҲ᳤á
ڣۻ𣬲ҪȥʲôǼ˾ԼԼŪ֧飬ǰû׶Ͼϵ֮ǰǼйͬĿһңڣǼ֪ûָԿʼΪԼڶ
ƣǼ˵ԣԶŽᣬԶĿɹֻΪԼ湷ҧ
֮ĺ֮Ķ
״͵ĵͷ̬̫ˡ
˵ĺе֪һҺǼ˵ĳޣأֻҪԼȥ캦£ɵ֧㡣ܶණǰ˵
ôŬķܶһҪü˹ϺӣоҪǼ˼ʡ
Щʱ򼤻е̰ԶЧĺãҲȽͬ
һԵĹû뵽״Ȼ
һЦҲûϣҶǼ˵ĳ˵ġ
һ˿⣬ϱӵһĻĻԺи֣ﱻҩǲҲᱻɣֻ±֮ǰñСɽ͹ɽ衣
ʥͿЦһЦ˵ڻúúõģǰЩ޾͵һΣ֮ôŬҲҪǼܳͷ
ֻѧˣ֪Щʱ΢̼̼ԷԽսЧҪúá
ⲻǼҳһţǼҲùˣǿҲڹȥǸ֮˵
Ϻ󴺶˼״͹˵ĻˣЩǰû˼ϸϸ˼ùɺܴ
󴺺ܳϿҵĿŹɣԺǼһԽԽõġ
ʲôȳԽԽԽԽãԽԽʹ졣
ºͳ󴺵ͷƤʵѵ㲻Ыĳ
ҡͷɲ˵ԼԶģôЫĳˣûʲôֻԼӹԽԽöѡ
ϸмһ⣬ߴɵӣʲôﶼ֧㡣
һ̹ɵǺůģΣΪ˱ԼҰޡ
ҩõ徻У״Ҳÿ춼ֻҪʱʱɺ󴺽ҩ˶ǳ
֪״û˵ҽʵȴĽ̵
ڵ̵ϰŤЦеĽҩãдֵĹֵл˵
е㲻⣬Ƿë˹ȥ
Ц˳ȥһ⣺к¡
Цصİ˸ڵбľƼҡ
Ѱϵ˹ȥȴƼĴһλĹӸ硣
ָָǹӸ˳Σ
΢΢üҪʲôһֲõԤȻĪΪ˸Ӱɡ
ɲŶŵĹӸǡ¥ȾƣȻϿ
Ȼ⣡
һЦǹӸƵϲ
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Ҫýˣ
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190ֱӾܾ

£Ҫô£ȫŪϵĿġ
²εҡͷԽԽƤˡ
ϹһЦǹӸǱߵˣҲǺԶҲǾ̵ģ̡
˲ȷϾý˵ģ治ô˵װ
ӣòҪ˵°ɣҪ˵׾ˣڻףǲ֪Һò˵ҵǲ˵ףҲò˵ﲻҪ˵סֿ޵ĸо
ϾΪ˲ô˵ףǷ˺ܶѪġ
ҲΪãĲҪôװ
ϾһֱԼͻСأҵҲûȫȶȼļҲᵽʱ̸ЩҲ١
ϰһ۹ɣѾͷ֪ж༱Ϊ㵣㻹֪˶˵Ůؾǻ䣬ǺŵܻͣӭʱҪǵȵ⻨Ƕ俪ˣҲûôϲˣﲻҲΪ鵣ǡ
⵹ģȻû˵ܵҲ֪
Щص㣬صס
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֪ɼ֮ǰ̾ϢһҲù˰
Ҳϣǰһٱѣÿͷ涼мӺܶҰˣҲҳ̫ڲһڼ˰װ棬Ҳӡ
ֻǣ⻹ûдﵽĿġ
̧ͷЦϵȻǱǰùһ㣬ⲢҵĿģҵĿҵȥǹӣܹѾźַſڵ֪ǶΪҺãûǲ׵ģ룬зһֹҼ⣬ţİҵˣˣһҵһС
ں⣬ںͷ¶ʲôģһİġ
ϵ񽥽
һιҲ˵Ļֻûзϡ
һαԹ֮ͻһˣǡ˾¥Ĺӡ
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ɺܼᶨҡͷڶ֪Ժ᲻ף˵ҵҲҪչˣָԺһ׸ģҲˡ
ƹĹӸһҲùģ׸ǲܵģкܶ飬Ϊ˼ɡ
ƹģҲɵݣ϶׸ģЩϧҡͷ˺ܺãƷǿԵġ
˵һỰƹĲĶûǷ˼Ҳֻ̾ϢùɻȥԼȥ˾ƹݡ
ϺõģĿΪùɿӡ
Ȼɲͬ⣬ҲðϢӡ
ھ¥еӿϽ֮󣬺ڴô˵
źҡҡͷûг׵˼
ӽĿĵģǼǿ̵ģڸҲͷҲƽкܶýס
ֻǣЩ˼ңôܿϡ
Ҳ˵˹ɵ飬֪ʶʱ˼ҴŹɸ֪ҵĹҲϤ
ʹ⡣
Ȣ˹ɾ൱ڸ״򽻺ãҲ˳ʶ˳ԶһˮǴߡ
ⲢǺܺϾСسôˡ
˼ҲԲ̫ĶһСܹȥҪ󸻴ɲС
˻ͷ¶治ظΪùǽɣ׬ǮʶôܸɵˣԼҪپܹ˵
˵СҲν֮ǳŹɵǮģһµѾͷжĻƢʱ΢ƭһ£ùԹԵ
ҳ޴ӷԺ󻹲˵㡣
һֱڴջõѣ÷棬ڼҿͭеԼ㱻Ӣݾˣ
û뵽û뵽ɾȻܾˡ
ǰĿɲϵĽ͡
ôӢΣǸѾͷȻƲ
ʵ̫ˣ
ӵɫԽԽѿɫҲˡ
ҲѾͷ
һһһ֣֮ǰɢĵȻʧȫޣ˿̣ȫһϢ
Ҳǵ΢΢üͻȻиͷ䲻Ϲɡ


191ͱ¦

ӱĵҲ֪ѾͷƲңû뵽ûȻҡ
ҪǴ˳ȥñЦ
Ҳʮˣ˵ͶԳˣٳٲϳΪãƾҸõŮӡ
Щ˵׵ȫܾ
û뵽ڱɸˣܵ˼̤
ϰһǶˣ֪ˣ˵ʲôҲܣǳˣҪôҲͻˣһʼûɵ˼˼Ժ˵һ׸ģôã϶ǲѡ׸ģԡ
ѾôýȥЩƶɾƲ
ˣ֪һ⣬ѾͷôңҲưոݵġ
⻰ˣ˵ɾ˵ɣǷӷ磬Ȼ˵ưոݣʱҲˣЦʧɫвô
δв
鱾Ͳܹɵ飬ɾоܾʹӦȨǾܾҲû
ôֹеǿǿĸоˡ
Ӧвˣ
Ų豭ΪеŤûһ˧ԡ
˵˿̵ر
صİеĲ豭ϣŭ֪ߵغѾͷȻƲңվҪ֪߰Ҫ۵ġ
˵꣬ȡһϣҲһֱۣ˳ȥ
ֲɵһڵģ֪Ҫ°
иԹԼôʲôӵ˾ʹˣ֪Ƿǲ֣˵ʲôҲܸɰ
ⲻǱĺ˹ôΨһҵľûɣҲҺûɣģ䲻Ϲɡ
ҪΪ˿϶֮˵ɱûдƾʲôһܺߵģ
ھƹſסӣҲǺѺã㲻е㶪ҪǴϣ»ᱻЦģòܵӦʹɵ˼ǼææҪܸɣյҪ־ңĪҪȥɵ鷳ֻ㡣
⻰ܳϿңҲһв˼
ˣҪӹɵ˼
ֱһֱ˦ϵ֣ΣܺߣԪôһֱˣû뵽ȴһѾͷˣǱǸ˵ҪǴȥһʲôˣɽղ˵ҿ϶ưոݡ
⻰ֺֺЦڵĺܣô㲻ʲôӵ˰ҲͲЩˡ
ڲƢ˼˵ղЩԴĻЬ䣬
˼ҹɶòʣھͺøĿˣø
ҲûɫˣõǸĻǸˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣӻԼҲû취
˵ˣսòܵûҪеϣǲ֪ЩģҲǸղŲŽ㣬֮ǰҲûи߹һ£ϾǸùҲ뿴޸˼ң˵ýͲȫɹһҲġ
ĺúںúڰϧûкҩ
⻰ˬˣ˵׻ƲңѾͷʵ̫ĿˣѵͲһӼ޲ȥ
ͲţһõԭȢɣͷ¶ŮӾǲظ
û뵽ɻˣȻӦ
ôȰ˵Ӷܲ˵ȥҩá
ʱҩû⣬󴺺Ͱ״ںãǰþ͹һˡ
ΪϽеƵĹɣˬķ顣
ȴֱӳҩãһŭ
һǵϡ
ʲô
е㷢£ô鷳İ
ôˣĿϡ
Ӽҩûˣʱ޼ɵָŹɾ͵Ƶ㣬ҲǳҪ˵£û뵽ȻƲңܾҡ
ɱһŪˣָģ
ΪûдӦ£ӾƲëɣ˵״ӦͲӦǺô˵Ӧ±ͲΪƲ˭
ΪˣΪûԼ롣
ôͱζˡ
ָʲôûֻĿϡ
Ӿô°λΪηôĻ𣿡͸Ρ


192ⱩƢ

ᣬǺһѣû뵽ô⣬ԺҲ˵ýˣַֺõ鲻ʺ
ǸĿŹɣϾΪ̫ͻԲŻɴ鷳
Цһ̫ͻˣ֮ǰû˼ԽӹΪûдӦӾ˵Ŀˣ㲻Ǻ⣬ҪΪʲôƲ
˵ھεĿŹɡ
ǿЦãû뵽Ⱑ˵ýʹֽܲ˵ף˼Ҿ͵ôӦɡ
ͻȻ˼ǰ˵׵ʯһңҲ߼ôĿЦðô⡣
ǸĿӵûƲӵ˼ֻҪʶҵ˶֪ҲףΪҼҵһŮҲԺû˹ܣ㽫Ҫ˵Ҳ˵׸ġ
һĻģûзӵ˼
û뵽Ӷ⡣
ΪҲ˵İɣɰɣû뵽Ȼˡ
ˡˣɱ˵Ϳˡ
ӺúýͣûƢˣƾʲôƾʲôҪô
ȡ֣˲ҲͰˣʲô˼
ƢҲˣǱƢΪöԲӲӽͣ˲ҲûǸҲĸԸ
ôӾ;鲻ţ֪ȣ֪ؽô
Ϊƽϣȫûӷȡ
Цˣӵ˵ʲôӵˣҲΪʲôҾͲ֪ӽսҳȥʲôҲ֪Ŀģܾǿӣʵϣ˵׻кܶ˼ңõҲûУֻҶܾˣӵ˼ҾܾƲ˼ңҼǵˣ
ûз˼˵ĻֻǾùɾȻ
ָŹɺͷ¶ⴳ岻׵ĸӽӴôõܿ㣬Ұ˱ĸû뵽ȻƲҡ
һѹеĻĵٽһ飬ҲûƲӵ˼ʵĲףӻִҪȡ֣ô빫ӳȥﲢӭ㡣
ʲô°֪ÿģôôù
ӷˣɱվڹ̨棬˿̵ȴ嵽̨ǰһƺݺݵ˹̨ϣŭҪҵǸ
Ǹ
ȷˡ
ΪҪǸǰ˵˿㲻ӦǶ˰ɣȻǶ˾ӦеƲˡ
ҲǰӴҵĴһϵûУǸĻҸǸɺã߾¥ھϯ㾴ƣҸǸ
ĺڵúܣ֪Ͳɽˡ
֪͸ôٸɽˣϧûкҩ
ӲϵĻָŹɵҾҪҵǸҪ㵱˸ҵǸ
ҲǱƢӲ
һϷŭˣҪǸҾʲôƾʲôҸǸ
ӿɷøӻƲҡ
òУҿû˵Ʋ㣬ͷβû˵ĻҪҰҲҸõģҾ㣬ƾʲô˵ҾһҪӦΪ˭
ǰõںõİ״ˣ˶òϽ˳
ȴӱŹɵǸӡ
󴺵ĻˣǰֱץסӵĲӣʹֱӾͰ
ӵĲӱյۣȥ󴺵֣ﻹкﶯ֡
󴺼ܾŵģİӵ·ɿһѣղ˵øǸ
Ӳûôˣ͸øҵǸҴӸϹҲҲӢһѾͷΪƲҡ
ﲻЦˣδ̫һɣҲӢ˭Ű
ըëˡ
ɶƲȻ˵òӢôҲϳӣȴһƸˡ
󴺣֪ڰ״ҩõƵġ
б˵һ顣֮в˼
΢΢һЦһΰѸղŵĻ˵һ飺δ̫һɣҲӢ˭Ű
˵ӢⱲӼӢľǳԶⳤﹻ


193÷

Ӿ˺ˡ
ɲҩó󴺵ļ󴺸ͱ˵ˣ˵ôʲôǱûȡֵҪپȥйٲɣΪӰҩõ
žǲ֪ˣղŽôȥʲôûȥ˵һֱġ
ʲôӢ棬ӻûгӳúÿҲûԶĺÿ
϶ӵĺƢҲĥˣӺ泶˳ӵֱ۲ͷӻ߰ɣ±ˡ
Ƿ˷һ㣬ͷָϽ޷ȣҪģô󻹴δô
ӣʲôأҽŵķ蹷ҸǸˣҸý͵Ҳˣ𣿱¸ɾûϵͻˣҳ㶪ҵĴͲġ
״üͷӵҼû˵׵˼ûУһʱ䶼ûУûƲ˼֮ǰ˵ܾˡ
ӻͷŰ״ĸ֮ý֮ԣֻҪǴӦоܾĵҿǹⲻӦҵĽڰɣƲǰɡ
һһƲ𣬹ĵˡ
û˵˲ûƲ˼󴺸ȥйٲɣҪȻھҲԡ
ϽӻҷȰӸϽߣǹٲͽַھˣǶˡ
ʵٽշ鲻⴫
Ӽȥ᲻ᴫȥͲ֪ˡ
ⱾǶ飬洫ȥҲӡ
֪ȥҲֺãŭָżˣܺãǳɹļŭˡ
ŭءеʵ
Ǻ棬ŭӻܵı
ƺһԺڸ˵ʲô˼ҡ
˦仰תߵ뿪
ɵý쵹ù
ǸúܣɶԲ𰡣ָ鷳ˣû뵽ˣǰ˸ҽʱ˵ͦõģô͡
Ҫ֪ˣҲܰ
֮ǰҲ˹ɣһȴʵʵĿ˹ɣھβѣԺ治ˣʵ̫ðʧһ㡣
ô鷳£֪ɶء
״º͸Ҳȫϡ
ҲԼϾҲ֪
Ӱ飬һɶе㲻̹
һֱοɡ
ǰҪ˵ףһȰ˵ɡ
ڣ̬Ⱦ䲻ϣʲôأ⡣
ϻȥ˵˰顣
Ҳסˣ֮ǰǸ˵ɽ£û뵽ĳ
Ҳû뵽ӻˡ
ԲŰ֮ǰҲ˵ӣΪʲôءе꣬ҺõʱŹɲףûиɽܡ
ҪֳЩǺ˹ɡ
ԥһµǺܺðŵôһЩֵֹģҼǵ֮ǰҲ˰ɡ
ɲǣʯ͵һ
ЦһҸʱһҪȥãǰʯһҲֿ
һ˭𣬿ǸӣĪĽ
״֪ɲĺܾˣȰ˵Ժ鲻ˣҺﶼҽܡ
¹Ϊȥˣˡ
ʱ򣬹ҩ׼ˣȴĽҩãȥ˺ҵɡ
ɿˣû뵽ֳ฾ǰŪǷǵˡ
ĺܣĴҲˣȫû뵽ᷢչ
ڰ֪գͲɽˣҲùܵǣ
ɴ߳Ȼ˵Ļ
ôˣ
ŹɵֵԪȥ֮󣬾Ȼ޳ܵ˵۽ߣ˵ֱɵúܣȫڮĻ
ǰԪߵʱ˦˺ݻҪûкľٶˡ
񴫳ЩεЦˣ˵ʲô˵ʲô£ʲôߵôңҲǺܽ⡣
Ҫں˵ĻⱲҪ
԰˾͵Լģ£ֲʥұ˵˼롣
ϼˣԺӰɲá
ɷͷοûʲôõģ֮ǰ˵ǶԷΪˣ˽ˣôҲĵģҲ޲ãĪҪǣҲĪҪھûµġ


194Ļ

û뵽ɻᷴͷοһΣǲ֪ԣԪʵ̫ˣֱǺ㻹ɺޡ
֮ǰúֲҪˣڿԪ֪˶١
֪ôôˣΪԼ߸ˣ
ԽԽŭѹѹȥ
ɹЦӱĲںЩ㿴ҪںЩ϶ŭˣҾ;ðɣôҪ
Ҫں˵뷨Ҳˣ˵Ͳû˵ء
ֻЩɲ˵ֻܾİοϡ
΢΢ҡͷҲû뵽أ̫Ҫˣȥ֮ҵ׺ɩӣȻʹɩӣ˵ҹȻҲǸʡĵģҲ˵ֱˣôˡ
û뵽ƤôģߵǷǺڰô
ϼǵöţһ˹ɣӹúúõģ£˵һźףû뵽Է̬ӣȻ󻹵ڮٹɣⶼʲô£Ҳô฾
뵽Ԫš壬ѹȢϱ
Թ֮ǰҲ˼˵Լܻӭɩӣ֪ϵ˶֪ģûԸѹ޸΢һ˼Ҫͽҡ
ԪֵʱͿˣǾǸġ
ˣҪҿɻھεģ治㣬Ҫôô˽ҵ˶Ȼң˽ҵ˾ٶ࣬˼Ҫ˵лҲ˵
⻰úܶûҪ͡
˵Ż̵ϰҩãһĵǣǰǲǼ˸ӡ
Ϻ͹˲ô¡
ɿЦһû˵ϾǺҪɽܣ˵Ҳͻˣ֪ʱףȻӾͲԸˣ֣һ˵ɲӦƲȻҸǸҲҲϸ˵˺ܶ໰û뵽ȥ֮Ϳʼڮɺңʵ֪šģ˵ʲôҲɡ
ϰ̾Ϣһеͬɣô̯ڸܲģҾǿ佱ҲΪϣøԶһֱҪȢһܸɵϱ
ͬҲ⣬Ȼ֪ܶ˲֪£û뵽ͻĸɽԪ
Ϻڲѣ治֪ˣҺɰ
ϰɫһںҲûã취ôƽϢĴԣ˵ɵЩ̫ˣʵȥЩȫǵߵǷǺڰװ
û뵽ôĴԣ˵˵Ŀȫǡ
ؼЩۺ첡˵ģϲҽӡ
ϵ˶˽ɣºǫ˭ǿͿģһôƲˡ
ڮٹɵĻǲӽʣûʲôϵġ
ܸжϰֻΪ˰æ
Цϰллϰ⣬ЩҲСˣͲֵ
Σ˿ԼĴȵУȻڮ㣬Ҳһڮٵζ㲻ùˣҪĴӰͺãǱȥϴ
Ȱ˵ϣûϰȰ˵Ƕ֪˼Ҷ۸ͷˣ¾ˡ
ǡҲǸ˵
ԪҼȻóһУҲ˵˼׼ġ
ҪǴҷȥǼ˶Ȼᷴһҿ϶
ϰͻȻͷһЦ㰲ģ³֮ľͲˡ
жȻҶô飬һ˿϶⡣
ϰǵȵңȻԸ˵乫ҶȻûĵҲǸ۾͸ĵס
ϰ¶͵񣺡ѾͷҪôƢźã˶۸ͷˣ϶ǰ۸
⻰˵еҲһģһοҲúʰһԼˡ
ĺΪʧյǸҲģû뵽ԪȻ֡
߳ȥȴ̵һЩ˳ϼϱȽ塣
ϢȻҶ֪ˡ
еãȻʲôʱϢôˡ
¥ϰ˳ϣǼ֪˲
ϵͷŭһҪĸӳһԩ˵ĺ


195¶ŭ

ܶ˶ڸ͡
ϾбҪҽͣԾͰľ˵һ顣
ϰԹòܵʲôӵĹǶ֪ҲǱģֻ̫ˣôɣÿ̵ſһֽȫڮɵĻ
֮ǰµĹɣ˲ˣ˵Щôʹô죬ԭΪԪдġ״ÿ̻һţҲɡ
¥ƹҲЩŭſڼֽˣջ¥˾ƣʱĿҩõķһĥǲǳʲô£û뵽ǡ
ɽ侲ˣȻﲻؼġ
ȻңŸĵطҲˣҾõ֮Ҫľȥٸ׿ɲС
ȥٸᳵ·һκҲΪȥ˹ٸֻǸʱûôץ˺ҽһ㣬ٸ֪ôء
ֻǣ֮󸽽ļ˶ҡͷܾˣףɿɲȥٸ˵󲻴˵СС֪˲ر࣬ȥ˹ٸʮ綼֪ˣЩ֮˾ͲˡϰȰ˵
ǲȥٸģӮˣҲԹɺصӰ졣
ǹأԺܵҪˡ
ҲòȥٸϾϵô졣
ͻȻЦˣ֮֮
״˿̴ӹãǾ֮֮ôҲд龭ӡʮȥϰ
Ҳ£ϵɵԷδ̫ˡ
ϵ˶Ǻð취
ɻȥ֮ͺͰ״д龭ʲôδκƫԼ˼վ̬һһʮд˳
дľͷŭܶˣŭİѴ±˳Ҳûţһһ汾д
ţƾŸЩ˵ĺģһ໥Զ
д괵˴ֽЦΨһ֪ԪȥЩطڮٹҡ
״΢΢ҡͷ˵ʶ˶˵ˣ鲼ʮ磬ɵҲǳصģѵҾûˡ
û뵽ô״˼֪ȻҪġ
ô״ܲҡ
ҰæΪĳ߾Ϊɴ򱧲ƽҲ˹Ӻơ
˵кñ
գһЩ龭ʹ˳ȥ
ҼһҪ˵ý˵׵ģһӦ˵Ļڮ٣ʡ;ÿ¡
˭˵ýһԾͿذ˵˼ҲƲ𣬶ǲס
ȫһðɣǽܾˣȴȥ˱ˣ˵Ʋпܡ
Сһ׮
һϢһһ㴫ҲٲϵƲҪˣǣ˹رھΣⲻҰ취ֲ
ɲߵʲôطºˣ֮ǰ˵ø֪أ֪ģ֪Ķ֪ˡ
ϵĴԽı仯ܼҲһ
ɺͰ״ȴ֮ǰģԽǷԽ˵ƽ°ӿ
״ƵһЩǺҪĳҩãҲϵɣֻҪǹϵɵĶǴ¡
οǸӵĺܿɺޡ
еվſ죬֪ΪҲ˲
˰ɡɻͷ˵
󴺴ӹ̨߳Ҳſ˿ɫ΢΢ͷҪˣҪ״Ȼȥҩþء
˿̲󲻾ãڻȥеˡ
ˣȻʹɡȥˣȻ·ŢһҲ¡
˵꣬ŲԶܶ
עͣҩſڡ
󴺺͹ɴ˿̶ֻΪš
ȴ룬ԪһλҺɫȹ긾
˴ʮ꣬ʹҺɫܾеϵ֬ҲЩء
ɿԪ;ˡ
̵ǰ棬ûǵˡ
ԪָŹҸ˵Ѿͷ
˲ףˡ
ʱҲη壬󴺵߳Ŀˣ߲ƣ
˺Ԫһ֪߲ơ
´Źɣḡⶼ͸Ʋ˼
ҺҶӿ㣬ӸҼѾ߶䡣
⻰Ǻ˵ģȴЦˡ


196ֱһ

ЦˣҲ˳֣ǵǣĸѾ߶䣬ӷ˲
ԭǿŴģӵҲǸѧģĸӵƢһ
ôΪǣһ߸ϵӡ
ֲˬˣΪôùǹڿ
ЩǴȥİɣΪˣһҶָָ㡣
ĵ׺ǰôܻӭŶӵҪ޵ǼңôһЩýţȻݺݾܾµĿС
ڣΪɵԭǼҳǵЦҶȡЦһң˵⵽˱Ӧ
ɶˣתֱ̨ߡ
˭ìܣҪҪܻôķ
ֱס˺ӣ׼˽ҩãﲻӭǣ뿪
Ŀˣղ˵ɵЩЩˣѵ˴δ˭Ĺ
᲻ôкЩ¡
ҹҲûý˵ײɹ̫ƽϣΪСһˣͱҪɴӦӦͿʼ
ֱ󴺣ÿҪúýѵˣҶôõһˣƾʲôƲƾʲôܾ
ҲһԺ󴺡
󴺱Ƶ˻ֺвŮ̬ɲ̣ʱô
˫ֱƵӵϣС˼Ȼ󡭡һƨ˵ϡ
һж˲䣬ɲվںŴһ״򣬽תͼƵӡ
ӺǱ˿ԼӱƵҲ󴺣һһ߳ӡ
쵰Ҷ岻Ȼ˴ǳ⡣
󴺻Ȼ⣺岻ǲǴңҲܻ֣
˰ӷָ󴺵Ҷ㣬Ҳܻ֣ΪҶݱ߹ºӾ͸ñ۸
һεûгǰ󴺣ʵǵ󴺷ֻһѣͰƵˣȻˣ
ҩߵٿſڵ֪ˡ
춼˹֣û뵽ˡ
߳ӻ̵Ĵţ˵Ļû뵽˻ôҪĳˡ
ϡҵ˭أԭ˰˵ЩûɣҲûƳǵ߹ˣѵǲ̥ģʲôģԱЩ̥ĸ߹󣿡Це˵ţЦĸӡ
˿ɫ΢΢һ䣬ϾϵǺܿµģҲ֪ײǵġ
ܵǣӴҪˣ˾ԲǶ֣ܺûж
˲Ƴһϵûϵҹ˵ġ
ЦǰͻȻһƺݺݵ˵ϡ
һ˶û뵽һֻ𾪵ĿϣȻҴҡ
һҴôˣſڱտڼˣҿǼˣأû˺춼Ǻõģ֪Щֽ˭ô㣬ȫҰҰȥġ
ɲѾ˺ˣʲôܡ
û뵽ЩֽȻģۣĻѾѹֲסǰ͸Ť˾ȻݺҶӡ
˴ܵ׼ͱ뺷Ҳ뺷ˣǻϽһ㣬㳶ҵͷץ½һʱòɿ
Ӽˣǰˣֺµʱ˵ԼһԻи󴺡
ղΪʲôҡӳ󴺵
ĹǣĵĿһӣôܡ
ղнˣҪȥŹӾռˡ
Ӻ˾ֳӲģҲֹɺϵƢ̫ˣӾùɺϺ۸
ֵֻһȻֱӵˣôô
η壬󴺴ܣǾԲܵġ
ҪǴԿתȰ˵ϺǱˡ
״ռϷҲǰܣļҲվſڿ֡
ЦռϷ磬ǸҪȥܣʱ͸úݺݵˡ


197ºܽ

ϵ˶ĬΪڴܺߡ
ƫƫеĲȫ˹ϣΪܾ£ȥܻһλ
һα´Ҷв룬ռϷ磬˱ץЩңĬΧһԣϰӻһź͡
˵̬ȿ˵һߵ˼ǰ󴺱ȴҶһ
һֺݺ˦˵֮˾롣
ϵķ΢΢Щңȴ롣
ˣ½󳶿ңϺͲ϶˺ۣӿνҡ
ӸϽǰû°ɣ˫ַ˺ܽ
ҹ鷳ģ͸˵仰Ȼ͸ϴˣҪǣ򲻹ϣߵ顣
ߵնۣģӲͺǱû뵽ϴ
ָϵҼס²ôˡ
ӾߣȴͱϺ˵סˡ
һɫƵĿˣƹķ˵¾£¾뿪ĵطղ鴦꣬ߡ
뿪ˣ֮ѾˣȻû˵˼
˻ˣɤӵѵ˲ɡ
ôҲû뵽ϵôŽᣬô¡
ʱ˹Ŀһ˵֪вʵҲƽ޹ʵıԩԺ޲޵óȥһأǰҾ͸˵úľǰΪƲû˼Ǽ˵ףǻһ˵׽һ
ĵ˵ţʵȥҲûʲô壬ĿǰͿ˺ӵ̬ȣҪ£Ǿͼȥ
϶ǲģΪӳ˵ЦһеʼٸʼΪǹɡ
ƺһһҶ棬϶ôˡ
ûЦˣ˼Ҫƽȥ
Ҫ˵Ϊֹ¸һ˽ˣء
ŲӵҪҶӵǸҪ˵Ǹ
˵棬Ҫ󲻵ò˵Щ֣
϶ŵϡޡһֿʼӣղûǼһҪǲͻˣһϵûУǰҾ˵ǲֱӳôģôõĹһӾҪǻˡ
˷ҶӵǱǻˣԺҪ˵õϱ˵
ηЦ˵ǰûĴ԰ɣ˵Щ׶ûӦɣ˵׵ģҲ˵󲿷ǮýŪӣʣµСֶǼңƲϵģ˵һ㣬ԸƣҲΪʶ˶࣬бܸô
һǿ̵ģȻ֪ܶĻ
˵ɫѿǮýŵ֪˲࣬ѵ˭ˡ
˭Щġ
η˵һЦ˭Щģ˵ҷŵĻԲ԰ɣԼҲ׵ģЩ鰡ü٣ɲӦǶܿأҪǴӦ˲һʻţϡ
ƽıΪĹӸԲʮҲҲܸĴڡ
ʱݳţ࣡ộ
˵˭ţءĳźη˺
η˳Ƴһ۱׵ӣ˵ء
òУ֪վͶһЩˡ
һֱû˵İ״򿪿ˣ¸Ҽûϵ˵ýǺƽ£˵ҼҾһӦҲûп˭˼֮ǰ˵һõģûӦ˵䣬ǹӸ糤Ҳһš
֮⣬ɲƲ˭Ϊ˵ס
˺˶ô뿪
ĿҲҾô˵ɣҪ񻯣治棬ҵǻٵҲˣҵȷͷ¶ģҲûָʲô˼ңȥӰҲ󣬵ǾͲһһ˲ŵģⱲȢõϱͿϧˡ
ģϾȥĻú˼ôס
⣬Ҳ˼ò˵˵Ļе
ȥĻ˺ǡ
ʱԹûɶӰ죬ȴӰԶˣָȢҺõϱء
ϲͷҪҾ棬ûÿеġ


198²ֻ뿪

˵˲ӬһܣʲôÿУ档
ôҪһԣ
ΪҪԣ̹Ŀϡ
˫ֱǰǰҪԣȰһ鵽ΪֹҪǸⱲӶܵǸȻɵǸǿԵġ
ʲôЦ˵Ǹôܡ
״ʱҲ¼ȥĻ治ǣϾǲռȰǵΪֹҲűʲôģҪǱҲ㣬Ժһ׸ŮͺãźܶԸ⡣
û˸ȢԺһ׸ŮͺãƾɵŬֻԽԽã׸ŮҲ̫
⵹侲״˵ĻеȥܺǼңϾԼȢһĶϱ
ˣϵ̫뺷ˣҥҲУ˼ҺŽᣬһȺҲ򲻹һϵˡ
˳˵߰ɡ
ԼѣһȦڳˣߵ뿪
˲ֻ뿪ıӰ˶ôЦ
ɣҾ˵Դ˾ͲܿԽǿԽǾ۸ҪǸƽ˲֪¡ηЦе˵ţĵ׺ܿģ˵ǲˡ
ԼķЦȫǻãҲ򲻹ҲŲҴôǻţҲúʰ
ĵůůģԸĺܿģллҹæˡ
ηºһЦҲûʲôǿĸˣҲû
˺֮߳˲Լʹ룬㿴ûǲǺܶطˣǼ̫ˡ
ͻֻۣǵô˵ҲûУ뿪ϣȡ
Ԫ۵˵¾ô˰ɣȥȷӰǼ˵ʱһ׸ŮӰ첻ҾһһҲû˸۸
ѹɵŪóԶȴ˼Ҳ
׸ĻѹӰɡ
Ҳˣرǽվڹߣҧû뵽С˻е㱾£ôԸվߣˡ
ڵȥأǱ뿪ˡ
¾е²
ԽԽȣرʱڣһŷ磬ͻ˶ӣ˻ȵúܡ
ſҽ飬ΪܶʶȻȫʶģŶǿϳҪȥ˾˼˰ɣʲôû
վҪˣȻҪǰһչȥæ
ЦеİԼõӹ̨һΣ㿴ʽòÿ
̫İڵеܲһ֧һ֧˶ء
󴺽ӹӿһۣúܺÿ㿴һῪĵģȵ׺ҲҪ
Ҳˣȵˡ
ɰѺʰҵ˵أôȹҲϲ
ȥ˾˼ҺԶ·õܾá
ʱˣ˳ŰѹɵҲˣһδһ黨ѣһЩ黨
ɿһףֱҪȥ˾˼Ұ
󴺸ǣ
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һ۹ɣ̾Ϣһһء
Ʋ죬̹ܲôҼ޳ȥѵŮڼǲô
ڹɵ׵ģ᲻ùⱲӹòҸ
Ҫһ޳ȥֻǾҲˣ˵ױܻ˵
һìܵ飬һһ۰ķֵĹһֱ˵ױ˻
ͷҲŲںôء
һ۹ɣ̬ȡ
㻹˼˵أô£ҿ˵˺ܶҥԳȥ
˴඼֪˵ɶԵģҲ˵ɲԵģ֮˵ʲôĶС
˵¹ɾΣزǶҲǲӦҺĻ£ңҲ֪ôûףΪûҵ׬ǮҺõĹҹңΪһ׬Ǯʶ幫ӺͳӰɡ


199

Щ΢һӣһ»Ͼ֪
֮ǰҲ˵ô£Ϊʲô˼ûͬû֣˵ҲΪԷ治ȥ֡
η˺˵һЩЦԷǣ֮ǰ˵˵׵˺ܶ࣬ż̤ˣԭֻ˸ӸýǣÿȥǸһȦʵ˵׵ĺٺܺãҪʵġ
Ҳǹ԰ڵȷֵñ˵ӡ
ȵգʱ϶æʮ˶ҩ׬Ǯǿ϶ģһֱ׬Ӿˡ
ˣԹһָ꣬꿪껹޽ݣ˵ȥǸһСԺӡ
Ҳܲ˾ͱʲô⣬浱ԼǶˡ
ʱҪǰ״˵ˣûùίȥ˵ס
üֺ׾ͱˣҵǾڵˣǿԿǸܻܵãҲҲû⡣
ҪܵãЩˣֻһϺ͹һӵź
û뵽ɻ˵Ļ⣬һ۹ɣֿʼƤǲҺ׶ûأҪӲҪӶûǹһ˳Ȼɡ
¿Ե֣ѹǿ󲻵ãôΣһһεʧ
֪ûʲô鷢ɡ
ʵ֪Ѹ޽¡
֪ŮĪ縸һ˵֪ʲô֪Ѹ¾˵ĨǵģڱѸúܣһţҹҲǲģǰչȥɽдԣʱͼѸͬļվһ˵Цʱɫѿˡ
˵û˿飬ҶϾ˹ϵĸ磬Ҳεúܡ
֪ĸԣϱѸ֪ö٣ٲṴ˰ɡ
˻湴ˣŮȢؼʲô
ֱֺǣо仰˵˻ĥǼÿһöԺҪԶ롣
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ţԼŵ㰲ģִСɽЩһڴβϻ£ĿɽֵķҲ֪ôˣһݵúܣƲҲԸ˵Ǻǻˡ
Сɽ˯ɩӱɽ֮ΪͿʼ÷ĥŹСɽܵ˴̼
ҹϣȢѸСɽôɣһŮ˶ûС
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ֻǹС˹ô˺֮󣬹Ѿ׵ˣǼκһ˶ϣͬ顣
ԹϷ˺͹̫үҲǱƽĿ
οŹɣǰǵɵڲôɵˣֻҪúõľ͹ˣⱲӿǷĸŮ̫ˡ
ǰΪТ˳Ϸ˺͹̫үùɺôί
ĺܲӦãǰùɺϹϸõӣΪԵʣȴ˹ˮȡ
ǲȥ˾˼ˡûи϶ȥˡ
˵ϵ
ɲŪףԭǰȥˣ̫ȣܶණţҪĶֻܵ򣬵Ҳ׵ģһЩɲ˿ǰ׼Ҫȥʰӣ·ȵȡ
ҵĴ£˵һ׻㲻࣬Ȼܿһж׼׵
һµڼĴ峤ңΪ鿴Ǵ׬ǮˣҲ׬ǮղҩݣҲɽɡ
ǹεģһֱʮ˲ҩ³ɽһҩݺܶ࣬Ĵɽ̺ҩķḻ
Խ˲գ׬ǮԽࡣ
ڻõҩݱոɾϾô궼û˲ҩɽҩݺܳ档
ǵôشġ
֮ǰ½ڴҲ֪ôġ
ЦЦȻǴӦˣԼ˵ҩǺƣҶ׬ǮΪ׬Ǯܻ
һ֮ǰû뵽ģ˵úе
µľǵʱҩȻ
̲סܺҺ׬Ǯ׺úõܵܡ
ֺǺǵ˵ţȴ˹һۡ


200ϲ

ԽԽͷۣܾöԹеݣѾͷ˵ԽԽûС
ڿӵĵطЪϢһ峿ֽŸ·
ڵڶŵҴ塣
ּˣϵЦݾûͣرŹɵ־᲻÷ţһʱ䣬ǹʱһһȥˡ
ȥæˣҲڰŽ¡
ֳŹɵѾͷ⹫š
еھΣȻС⹫ŵӡ󶼲Ǻ˶ĵģһʱ̫æҴ̫Զŵûйλˡ
Ǹһʱæ˾֪ģһһ飬ȵԺ׬Ǯլӣʱ⹫Žӹȥһס
λǺˣôеĵĺͰûϵȻûıϣȴǺܺõġ
Ǳʵλûʲôƫ
̾Ϣһ۵֪Ѿͷæⲻô㶼Ҫˣʲôʱ˵һ°
Ĺʹ˲˵ףȻº˫Ȱ˵˱ģȻⲢûʲôã̲סĵǡ
ĵεúܣп˵ôȥ˭˵׵£Ĳòá
λ˿ɲǿӲ̬Ƚֻͣ˳ŻæʱͿûкʵġ
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һΪϳˣϴŮҵĽߣ߾ǼԽԽãԵúҲˡ
˶ҡ˵ǰס˹ɵĸ첲
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´һЦԽԽأһμƯ˺ܶడ
ֺҲû˵ɻµ£ߴʲôĻ˵
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֪ʲôɲժʱ϶׬Ǯˣ۲úܡ
룬͸ĶӦֵһҡ
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ӺǵеĿʽһʽƲۣܿع۾ӺƿѺ˸˹ɵҿɲҪôصĶ
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Ϊˣ֪Ϊá
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Ҳ֪Ҫƴǹɻ᲻ģⶫ˵ᱻȥ᲻øףֻ׵Ϊ
ǺöˡֻЭ
ϼ䲻е㲻һ˶š
ȵһߣսɾʵⶫɶӰⱲչصĶ
ӺһͺܹأůůģһҲǹ黨ء
Ҳû޵ǼǺܺãǼױҲ强ӣ߼ǮҲӡ


201¸ж

һǮˣ֮ǰͲͶأȴû뵽һӣɲСĿ
̫ˣôôصĶҡ
𾪲ѣʵû뵽ɻ
ɰһۣҾһ㣬˵㲻СӺҲ˼޹ȥܵЩֵǮļױ׬ǮֻܸôǮģҲˡ
ϰĿŵıҲ⣬ˡ
վͳˣɿʼ׼ױ
޵Ķܶ࣬ϸ׼һЩ˫Ů׼һЩԼ׬Ҳ׼һݣҲ׼ܷ
Ѿܶûϲˡ
ֵģżҲдŵģһεĽѵܶ฾Ȼɣȴûϴǰ˵ס
ùֵУҲõġ
ڶһԺʹɱ
һҲˣֱһͷϲ¡
æǰæ󣬹ˣÿ
뷿УмλӵĹ⼸Ĺϵܺãʱһߴߴ˵Ц
򾲾š
ͻȻһλɫȹԼĪʮĹĹɵɣ˵׬Ǯܲܽһô׬Ǯ
⻰ùˣôͳ׬Ǯˡ
ѩ÷Ļôֱùɽ׬Ǯϵֲ졣
εĳŹЦЦѩ÷
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˵úͳЩҲû˵ٻ
ѩ÷⼸ȴˣҪ׼ʮӡ
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ҲǣҼһһҲһң⻹ǿ֧ôļͥǿ֧ģһ治һӡ
ͲĹſھʮӣô𾪡
ѩ÷ĽôӰ
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ǮƲ¶ɲ˵ϣ˴ĳء
֮ĲУ֮һУʲôʱҪ衣
ѩ÷ŵչҩĵ˭أ˵һλǵĹӸ硣
֮ǰ˫Ҳժ֪ģʱܶЦš
ʱҲЦ˵ѹֵǮ
أûͻ·ˣòժ׬ӣ֪ժ׬ǮҲŲժˡ
ЦеĿŹɣһ̺ԺԼ׬ǮԺ
ҲûϵǰǵĹӸ磬Ǯơ
ѩ÷⼸λŮ˸۷ŹǵĹӸ簡Ǵ˼ҵĹӣ˾ǹСҲǺõİɡ
ԽԽĽɣôôʶôء
ܲܰλӽܸǡѩ÷һӡ
Ҫ˵û˵ͱѩ÷Ӹƭˣؼǣѩ÷ڹǰˣĻ
ߣҪʵ̫
üʵǱǸܰ㣬λӸ۹ܸߵģ˭ѣҲ˭ʶҪҵǵҲʶףұ޵ģǴЩʲô
֮ǰѩ÷еĽһ֪ơ
ر𿴲ˡ
ѩ÷ƲЩ᲻øҽܡ
ЦˣҾãóӻǣ˵ʵɣҺͳֻͨϵҪ˵Ҫ޸ӵĴҹŶӣô˵ɣҪҲô˼ҵС㡣
֮⣬Ǿͱ׷Ļˡ
ͷЦˣȴЦЩܡ
һλعȷҲǣ˼ҵĹؿɶˣҽŵԣСҲҪԽǮ˼Խ
Ҳ˵Щ˼ҵĹӸ۸ڶһҲ˵
ɶŵᣬ׼ҲΪϣȻûϲϰ׼ŵԵ̬ȴǺ˵ġ
ܳϿҵĵ˼ҵȷŵԣأǼ޵˼Ҿкӹ˵ӵĿʼ
ܲЩΪʲôôǮˣ֮ü޸Ǯ˲úá
ڶûɼңҲܲνŵ԰ɣϾȢؼҵĲԼİŮӡ


202

֪˵Ļݶ϶˺ǰļλرѩ÷ԽԽŹ֣ЩʵǰЩûûλ޸˼ҵθˡ
˼ҿˣҲϷޣͲʮ꣬ʮ֡
ֻҸ˧ӢĹӸ磬ĲףΣʵһ㣬һ̤̤ʵʵ˼ˣ˵Ҹء
ѩ÷ͷǲͬ˵ЩģΪΪܡ
Ʋ첻ֱܾ˵α˵ôϻ
ϲˣΪ˵ЩܳϿҰû˭˼˵ʵôѩ÷ͱζˣѩ÷ʲô˼˵ıʵ˵ˣǮ˼ҵĹӸ籾㲻Ҳû£ҲӴ
⻰ͬһѵӺݺݵͰѩ÷ؿڣʲôⱲӶӴʶһӸʲô˲ģмʶأֱӸ˼۸͹ɣа˼Ǻˡ
һֱȻò죬ѩ÷Ȼ뿪µļﶼЩΡ
ǰ˵λеΣһ˵˵ѩ÷᲻İһֱ˵£˵ǻ˼̫ҹźšġ
ҲɸܹӸ簡ȷҲԡܲ
⼸λҲͬǲ̫ḡһ㣬˵֪ҹӸôµĹֲֲ֪ԼЩεεС֪١
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ʵϣûʲôӦֻǿ۰ɡ
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һЦЦеϵֱ۵᲻ҰҾͲˡ
һ۹ɣ˿ɲУҾ͸˵ףʱԸ׸Ǽҵġ
ŻҵĹƲ첻ˣ治ˣΪǼҶҪҳްһҰҵĲͦô
ﲻ̹ŮⱲ뿪Ҳܻúܺá
һû˾ͻȥӡ
ϲŸױͿĨһ֬еۡ
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ǱߵǲָˣֻºˣϾ˹ɣ뵽ǰ֮ڹչ˵ľ¡
ԣܰµľ;
ܸжĵͷллùá
ɺٺһЦôʲôҪǵһˣżԸ⣬ǸŲժҩɡ
˶ڰæûˡ
ͷ£ֻҪż˶þ㹻ˡ
ıŴ
ɼҽ׵ĶˣʱӣЩ᲻õ׵ˣұȥ
Լųóˣ᲻á
Լ֮ҲҪףٸн
һޣҪ뿪Ϥļңʮļң뿪İˣȥһİĵط
ԺڵǰТչүү̡
ڼһҪչ˺үү̺͵ҲҪչ˺Լ
ĵкܶ಻ģ˼ӵʱ
һ浣δ֪Ľһ뿪Լҵˡ
᲻ǴϲӣһҲܿ޲ǣȻޣ±Цֻš
֪ˣ޹ȥίҪ˵һһ㲻䣬Ҳһֱ㡣
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һԼһˣ޿ģί۸ҲֻԼ
ûϵǿû˿۸
¸˺ͷŰ˳ȥ
ԱųǸĴͳһû׸ĻЩҲǿԵġ
ϿʮŮҪˣ޼Ҳϰס


203

ǵһμɣҲıлڣȻеҲͷԵģʱеİƭ˵ġ
Ҳ˫˵лڼȻǺܸԣһƷлҲʵˣֻҪŬ׬Ǯһù
лСİ˫ʲôû˵ֻлڵļһоڲС
һϵеĹɿŽԶȥаٸн
ҲˣʵǻϲģϾԷ˲
ʱ͵͵̾ϢһŹҪǱȢ˹ȥôеᣬԼıŮˣǾһʲô
ڿŲףƺҲûôˡ
Ѿ˴˳ԷŮҵϰһǳǰͷһ͵ڶһٷ
֮ϯˣ
һΰϯ˵ܷˣֱɱһͷ˵ѼҲֱ⻹Ǵһ˼Ұϯôá
˳ԵÿģҲܳ
ڲ˫һҾŹ׬˶Ǯ
Ҳºܶͽɵˣϯܶǰ˵û
ʵɾôҲֻҪЩԸҩʱչġ
Ժĸ˽һҴмλ֮ǰǵ˹ɵģҲΪ˵׵£ʱЦ˹ɣ˱˵һͬʣʱ˼
˫ӺùǴĿõġ
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˭ҶйҲ˵ף˾;øۡ
Цҡͷ뵽Ȱ˵˹ΣҲкܶ˵ףʲôУɾǲͬ⣬ǿ˹ɾҪ׬ǮҲֻʣ׬Ǯ
˵ûǲãǰô϶û¶ٵһҲǽòá
Ǻܺõİɣ٣˵ףǰˡ
ˣҲֵñˡ
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ʣµĲ˽д˶ˡ
Щһ˼ŵģ̫ȣӵĶҲǸҳԵģ˫ô˰ʣµĲ˷ˡ


204»

ٶҶܿģƽոҶܾòͻ硣
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кˣ̲סŶӣһֱҪӣһֱ룬˺ܶ꣬뵽һδʧҲʱӾȻˡ
ͣ£СõãھֱȥҰ״򣬶񼸸̥ҩ
ͬĵͷϵ岻ãȻ˺ӵⲻá
ϱŪеЦã˵ôǰɵʱû
˵Ժȴڴ
ɲͬϵĻˣϵֱ۵ɲ˵кӾҪСһ˾ͱýˣʱ磬ȥϹɫҲźڣʱиɵҩȥǼסһؼңؼ֮ɲػۻˣúõ̥ͶĺһҪġ
ͻȻصעĶ󣬹ҿˣд󹵵ʱ򻹷ٶСĹȥ
һ·϶ڸ˵ע顣
ˣû˵ôĺӻСأôעġ
ɲ˵ͻϺӱͲףСһǱģǰҪˣ״˵ҪעʱҲǰ¡ɺ˵
ϻеϢĵģʱڵϣ׼ţ״վһԵš
ɲϽŰ״ɵ
״϶Ц⣬ëͻȻ뵽һܣϵҩŵģȻҲ˽µġ
˵ϻûӦܻϺӣֻôöٳûжϲӣ뵽ľ˺ӡ
ѵ׼ˣ
Ҳܼһܵѹ̫ˣ̫µ
Ұ׼һһӹµĺܡ
ϽһЦҲ֪϶Բԡ
״֪ɵģһû⣺ǿ϶ˣһκŹϲƽв˺Ŷˡ
һ˵ٻѧҽ츳뵱׼ѧѧᣬɻһͻˡ
ҲܿģϽŰ嶼򿪣˽˴á
״Ժ֮ܿ϶ϲ
ŸԼ˰̥ҩĵĪڹ
ΪҪˡ


205ף

״ĵҲһΪϵڰŵҪһֱٲܡ
˺ӵȻҪףǮ͸󴺵ȥ¥м±ؼң˳һ뼦Ǻúףף
ɬĵòġ
״ȴϲ°ôҲúúףף;ƽҪͳһ
ҲͼȻҲͬúúףһ
Ǹһȥ˾¥
·е㸴ӵͲ˺֮󣬴ˡ
һʱ͹ദȻҲ֪ж಻ˣͦɵġ
ɲĻӻֺѵΪʲôҪİûһҰ֪ʲô㵣ҵ˺ӶҹľˣʵⲢڣһֱεΪܻܵãҲµԺһæиҲһֱҲǡ
Цеģĵûһ˿졣
΢΢ͷȽͬ˵һ仰
˵ҲԣҪ˺ӣעͻںϣ˵ûʱˣõǺܺá
Ѿߵ¥һɪɲǣ㿴ҵע㶼ϣʲôУҪ˺ӺǵȥעӰɣĺӿ鷳ˣʱһûʱңУҵø⹫ŴŹ
ܶ࣬Ǹвסģʱ϶Ҫ͵͵£ɲöĺӳ£ò׻Ϻӣúúš
˾¥˼±⣬һ̳ƣ˳ŻһѼŻصҩá
̥ҩѾãϣһַϣνСĵúܡ
Ҳ˵϶ккƾϻ˺ӾֵÿģԺҲµˡ
ǵһΣûô㿴ͷҲҲ¡
ɫһǸʱ֪㻳˺ӣ֪˿ɲһҪСһǡ
ҲپᣬѾˣҲĺ֮ס
ĺã͸˵Ž׵¡
ص׼ңϺ֪ܿϻϺӵ£ҲΪϿģܴˣܻϺҲףС졣
ڶһæŻؼңɶ˺üգùһҪȥֹչˣŰ뿪
صҩã״ͺȥ˺á
ùеĪҲڲ뾿ʲô£Ϊ״ɫе㲻Ծ
ɵôˣһ̲סʵټ״ɫôأѲշʲô顣
״£΢΢ҡͷǰ׼£ȥǣ԰ҲȽϤʶ幫ӣܲ鷳һˣһӺ幫Ӱæ׼һ鷳
״һֱû˵£һȴ˵ˣ²֪
״ǲ֪
óأڲ׼ʲô鷳
״ŵǰ׼ȥҸѧҽҸҽ֮ϣҵӱҴȥһ˴ڰǰңڰ׼ȥ֮ǰһֱڰǣ׼ȥ֮󣬱Ű׼һȥǣ֪ΪҸûд߰׼ǰѰ׼ԭҩá
ԽԽе㸴ӡ
׼ĲΪβ߰׼ֵ
ǰ׼ʲô鷳ˡɵǵ
״ҡҡͷǿɬ˾׼ŵʦβʱ򿪴һζҩǲ˳ҩ֮кңʦȻϣͰеƵ˰׼ϣһҲǺѲģҪӣⲻ֮ͰѰ׼浽˹ٸ
Щˣа׼½Ӱ׼һӣҲǰ׼ⱲӶĨȥ˵۵㡣
ʲôʱ£ô죿ѯŰ״ҲҪ״˼
״΢΢̾Ϣǰյ飬ǻ֮ǰյϢҰǲδʶˣʶӺ幫ӣԸңھߡ
»ÿôֱվɵϽʰһߡ
׼ѿ϶ðæŰ׼ģҩôôûгôץҩ
״ϲû׼ɡ
Ͻʰһ¶һþ͸˵Ҫ֮ŻǱҪڡ
󴺵ҩûˣҩõһҲϤûа״ƲҲû٣Ҳǰ״͹ɷһҩõĸڡ
״Ϲһνǿӱޣ·ϣһЩϸڡ
֪ȥ


206±ԩ

龭״֮ǰ˵ĳ벻󣬲֪Ϊʲôԭ׼Ĵûдߣһ˰ǡ
ŵʦΪЩС׼ʦķץҩӦʦԷҲҩˣȫҩĶԵϡ
ʦһҧǰ׼Ĵ
һȥҩŪûˣҩҲˣʦãҩΪ˹˼һжƵ˰׼ϡ
ͦģôʦ
Ҳӡ֤һ仰˲Ϊ
ֻ¶ԷҲİɣŰһж˸׼
ӱҲǵڶŵǣһ·ҲûôϢãʵǹ˲Ϣ
һǣɺͰ״ûмȥҳԶȥ˰׼ڵҩã֥á
֮õⲢãҵҩܶ಻࣬λҲ㲻úõضΣҲȲóҵҩá
һҩã˾Ͷҩõôһλʮӣ΢֣°һɽ
ҩõҩһλʮҩͯҩͯģ޾ɵʹԴҲк
ɺͰ״վҩһˣ˶û
״뵽׼ȻĻ£΢΢ü׼
ʵЩѹ֣ư׼Ҳİɡ
һ룬ֱɽˡ
ɽоߺ󣬲̧ͷһ۰״򣬵ĵ£
״üͷ΢壬ʰ׼ô
ɽһ׼֣̾ˣվĿŰ״ʲôˡ
еĻһ飬ûŹЩϸڣжɽֻԩ˰׼
״ЩҾʰ׼ʲôط
ɽƺһҩˣԷҪ£϶ҪںԺĲ񷿹أҪǾ͵ʮӳǲܷߡ
һ׼ڲ񷿼ˣҵ֪ʲôȨˡ
ɽһ۹ɣѹûаѹɷеó͵ù˭ûá
ǲȥԶͳӵģôһ벻ȥҲаɽȫƤ
Ҿʲô֡
侲ҪҪԲߣҪöԷ
ɽܰźĳвգӿҲ
ᳰһЦҼסˡ
˵㲻ٴӿǿŰ״ɵ߰ɡ
˸ʹӿתҪߡ
ӿˣΪ׼ļΪ߰׼ģû뵽ǡ
˵ȵȣѵǲȰ׼𣿡
е㼱ԷֻҪӣ϶᲻ӳ⳥ȻȫΣʮӿɲ٣׼ĵҪܹܲѺ׼һӰɡ
֪״Ͽҩõģӻܺù֡
״ԩ׼˵Ѱ׼ڲ񷿣ʵ̫ˣôӿ
ɵĿһӿȻҪȣôͱˡ
ӿ϶˵ʵҲ߰׼ڹɻһž˭ͳģ׼ѾѺôŴż˭һҩҩͯȴҩͯüĿ֮Щ
ѵҩͯŴݵżż״дúܼҲʲݣʶ׼ıʼǰ׼дܼʱдġ
˲ٴӿֱӳ֥á
ҩһξ룬״ͷȷӿûǵȥ˭
룬ĹϵҪ׽һЩ෴ԶҪһ㣬ԵȥҳȻȥ幫ӣ˵幫ҪȥǲμǣҲ֪ûʱǣȥӡ
һǼʱ򣬳˵ҪĻףֱȥҵҩþǣһ㶼ҩá
Թֱȥ˳ҵҩá
˵һҩþͿڸƹ˵ʲô
ӡ
ɸ⼤û뵽ôãȻһҵ˳
˼ĺǼĻͷĵ׻е㲻ţɵʱϲľ¶Цݣʲôʱġ
ɸƹһк󣬱ҳæ
״ţȳһȥͼ˰״򣬺ܾȣ״ôˣһô
ĵףֻ¡
е㼱뵽׼Ѻڲ񷿾͵ģ֪ûгԺ˯á
ŸɵģʵҸҪ
ǵ˵ţдΣĵе֪ԸԸæ


207ȥ帮

ϲɣ϶ҪԹߵ鶼˽һ飬Ȼ֪˵ĸ˭һǰ׼ûˡ
֮ǰ˵׼Ҫȥѧҽ׼ȥѧҽ𣿡
ɿЦһҪȥģм䷢һЩ飬ԲûȥҸ鷳ˡ
ɰ龭˳Ҳܾȣȫһŵģ
£ǵȵȥƹ񡣡
˵ֱӽҩãɺͰ״ôһֻҪԸæͺá
һˣһˬģҴˣµƹʶڰ׼֥ǹȥҲȲˣֱȥԶɣٲž͹ˡ
״û뵽ɴࣺд״ֽô
֮ǰ˵ٸҪд״ֽġ
ҡҡͷºһЦãԷ׼дǹٸˣҩʲôʸǸɡ
ҩƹ׼ɺͰ״˸һȥҡ
״δ£ǰǣĵ׺ǲ
ӽҸô
Ȼٲ˰׼黹ô
ĵѾ˼ƻҼҩƹʶµˣ˵ȥʣ⻹ý֤ݣҩҩҪҵ֤Ǵ򿪴ҩڰ׼
ɷˣΪ˵ҩҩҲˡ
̾Ϣһ˵ҩҩҲˣһ˵ǵġ
ȴÿ϶ûҵǾöûֻ˲ԸóˣϾЩ֤ݣ϶úúñ棬룬һڣԷֻҪ̰һжܽģǲʧģҪǮҲǴ
֪״ΪˣгӰ״϶ģԹţʱ׵ʱָ״ͬء
״ǹɵĸɵһϵɲܺӣа׼ǹɵĸ磬һúúֺòС
˵帮ǹɵһ
帮ûгҿô⣬լԺĴСҲݺӡ
ߵСֱţǾС˿ʱ飬óŰ״йɽȥ
帮ƺܽɽ֣ɽڼɽ֮ϣڼɽ·һԶԶĶܿҷ
ڻ֮ϣ̲סһ۵ĺ˼ҾǲһһŶֵӡ
еĺɻţںɻҪŵʱ
ӭλѾߣѾڿʱ֮͸Žߡ
ɾãЩѾ߿϶ɧòˡ
յĳһɫĽۣźܶ༪ͼͷϵڸҫۡ
ãûϸͳĴ磬һóĴеɧˡ
ᳵ·ֱӴŹɺͰ״ȥ˺ԺһСԺ
һ̤ԺӣʹԶϽ
һλµС˸ϽųꡱһҼҹء
ѵȻ֪ҹ顣
˵ͻȻƤһЦٲҿɴ˰
ãŻյһ䷿ţ̱ˡ
ԶһƮƮ˳
״ǹˣͻȻԤУôóԶԹɵıֶе㲻رǳʵ̫һ㣬ղųǾ仰Զ̳ı֣ʵǲ˻ɶС
Զе㲻ģѹģû뵽˵ˣǰţҪǳƭһҪó
ȴڣ¶Цգʲôʱİǣ˰ôһʱңųϹʲôСˡ
ɿһ۳һƵͻȻЦʵǰæҴδңóӰŴ·
Ҳ֪ΪΣ붺һ
һ˵ģԼؿڣܿŵˣ˵Һĺѹ
ɡ͡һЦ˳ˣǾΪ˰æģ幫ԸҲ
Զº͵ĵͷЦȻԸ⣬˵˵ʲô£ҽ˵Ҿ취ҪٽˣҾ˰æ
뼸˽ݣɺĿһеĻȥȫܺ顣
Զĺܰѧϰء
һС˾˲ˮɰ龭˵һ飬ԶԭС£ǰܺô
˵űС֣С˸Ͻ
ԶԸͷȥ֥ãȻѰ׼ߣʣµôֱٸҵ˵˵£еúܣҵ


208˺ð

ɺͰ״·Ϊһֱǣ˵Էڵġ
ôԶͳͱø򵥡
ӴĲͷԶһ仰ֱӸ㶨Ҳ֤˻ҵףǵ£ƺʲô¡
апйϵá
Զ֮󣬿״͹ɵǶλõģֻҪ׼׵¾ͺð죬˵Ѿȥ˹ͨˣźܿõ֤ݣʱͺôˡ
״һϲм
ﰵĸмǹ治֪ô죬Ͼڰʶ˲ࡣ
뵽ԶҪǵ幫Ҫȥ˰ɡ
ԶЦһɲǣа¾ҪȥǣǱߴ¾Ҫ󿼣֪ء
һҪڳΪ٣־ҲˣԱкܴڴ
һܹģ幫ŬŬˡɺܳϿҵ˵ţԶһܹ
ԶЦһǸ⣬Ͼô˲μǣҲڵһ
ҲοһܹģԼ̫ѹû˵ôҪƽĿ
״ó˵ĺе󿼵ʱҪ̫ѹ幫ƽҲҪע˲оԡ
˵еģΪֻ֪ͷ飬Լʺòã͵ºܶڴ󿼵ʱ򿸲סѹҲԲġ
ᱧϾΪ׼˼꣬еŬĭ
Զ̾Ϣһǲ˵һû£һʱҪˡ
һЦԺͦģΧԺܰϼȦˮͶˣµĺ嶼ܺأũһ㲡ʹû
ǱزٵģԶûĺãҲԴڳⱼԶһֱڼ顣
Զѹ˵ĻУ⻰֮ǰҲ˵ûУΪʱܽţÿһ̶Ҫʱȥʲôġ
Ѿûгˣ˵Ļ֪ΪΣ;úеĪҪ
Զһ𳤴ģԶᶨͲˬ֮ǰԶ˵˺ܶΣÿһԶأɲһ˵СӾͼˡ
飬ĹĲǹİֻйɵĹĲǲֵ̫ˣɫѵļһ
תһ룬Զһȥǰʱ䣬ʱ䲻ڰǣպɻᾭǣ;ûϲأʱֻܸɽӴء
һĵúͶԵ
ڴʱһλٷϵ߽ݡ
ԶͳվɺͰ״ﲻλֻ֪ˡ
μˡɺͰ״ͬ
ԶĵҲǰˣһλѵõ٣ֵ´˺ܶԩʹΪ룬ٶܲɷֵĹϵ
˹ɺͰ״Ƿĵء
ҲһԶˣѵ£Ҹһ׮ӡ
ֱӵһԶа
ԶٺЦţϣһǻ̹ôλǰ״λҸ㾭ĹһҪʯǹġ
һš
ò˵˵Ϭ̲סĵͷһ顣
ɸ˵ĵһӡܺãŮӲĺܲҲѵãӿǸˣкܶҹҪӽɹ⻹ߵһѡ
ʯͼʱҲǷ˹һ飬ЦһллˣԶһֱ㣬Ըмκͷϵ̫ࡣ
ɱΪֺܲ˵Сͷû뵽ºͣϬû֮ȫһɲ̧ͷ˶ӣеֵ̿ĪҪҪ˵ллң幫ӺͳӵӣǼֻѾˣ幫ӺͳӶǼҵĶ飬Զġ
Զͬ˵ɱҪǹæǵʱ²Ҳգ֮˵ǷǷĻѣ˵ˡ
һ㶣Զ˵Щ֤ǰλĺر
ע۲ɺͰ״
С˵˸ţҲ˽һ龭´Ҳð죬а֤ݣ״ֽǲõҽʦүæдֻҪܰѵʱҩҩһҩҪԩ׼Ҳܡ
Ҳ׼ȻǱԩģϾҩòиϢȥӰҩ⣬׼ͳ˱


209ץ

Ҳ˵˿̵ĹɺͰ״帮Ȳ衣
˵ͷֱȥ֥ãԶ˵ģͷν棬ġ
ڰ״͹֮ӿ˺þãȥ˲ȥ׼ҫ˵׼ļ˸Ͳ
ڲİ׼ɺˣֵֿġ
ĵ˶ˣñһֱڲˣҲԳԩѩˣĵӿǺദˣ֥õĶϰѲˣΪѹɺ
ӿһû⣬˿ӵǵĶǹɺ
ͷŹٲ֥ãһȦ֮ӿ
ŵӿͷʱ¼ˣ˿̵û״룬ư׼ȥʱ˽׼
ﲻǿҩõĶѣʶʲô
ֺõͷͷôˣ
ͷһӿ˵˽ԹѺˣ׼ڲڡ
֮ǰŸ߰ӿһ㶣еɵˣôҰ׼ġ
׼ĵϵĴôǲʶʲôôôһ뿪ͷˣҪ֪״ȥٸٲҲᲶͷġ
ӿɵ涨Ȼè壬ѵ״ʶٸˣ
һ뵽һ£ʱ
ǰ״͹ٸйϵô¾ִ˰⳥Ӿµ£ֵٸ˵֥øⲻġ
׼ץҩץ²кü죬ԷҪ⳥óֵֻܹѺ
ͷĿӿûȨ˽ԹѺˣһѺǺüգѰ׼ȻǸȥٸ
ӿֺõͷ²ȥٸɣܽġĵĿ
ͷӿһףһ벻ȥٸôܣѾˣѾһҪ龭ǵԩ˰׼˽ԿѺ˰׼գͲ˵ˡ
참һ֮ǰ˵Ѻİ׼ԶʶԶʶ˶ֱģӿķӦУ׼ֻ
ӿˣҲȥҡ
˵һ̵Ľ˺ãһһλ󸹱˳ЦݴֺõͷôˣҪзžˣͷ
ͷѰ׼ɣϰһˣ°׼Ѿֵ˹ٸ״ֽҲȥ²˽ܽˡ
ϰ뵽׼ûбϰ׼Ĳܰ׼Ŵŵð׼
֪Щһ
ԣ׼׸ˡ
ҲĿƷΧ
ͻȻп˵ĸо
ϰ岻ӣͷڰǻˣԴ·ȥŰ׼
׼ж˾
ͻȻţſվźüλͷһ
ѵɺȥٸ״ˣϽվҲ˾ΥЦݡ
ͷ˰׼һ΢΢ü˿̵İ׼ò˵Ǳϵ岻ҲЩң˫ɫҲЩ԰ף˿
Ҳǣڲ񷿹˼첻ҲС
ϰ˷У߽׼ʶٸô˵
ûʶѺ׼ˣǾð׼֮ǰû˵ʵôĻԹ׼
׼Цһһεģϰҩõ˺ʧΪʲôҪ˵ûһ˵аһỹס
ģҲԱԩֱжϣϰӿķӦȻĻˡ
ͷ뿪ӿϰȴûֱӸϡ
˶һĪչ
ӿ֪СʶٸˣǾͲðƳȥӦСȥġ
С֮ǰɿҩͯ
ϰҲһ󷢳̬Ҳ˵ֶҲ˵ûʲôϵ֪ᷢ£ͷˣذ״ʶĲ˾幫ӡ
ֵͷģⰲҲǸˡ
ӿǲѣô졣
ϰΣյ𣺡϶Ӱ֥õھȥǲһҧҩҩûˣû֤ҿôС
ºҲֻ취
ӿ뿪˿̵ϰ˩һϵơ
׼ֱӴ帮ʵ帮֪ŵĺ棬׼ΪᱻֱӴãȴЩµıԶСԺ


210±

׼֮ǰ֪ʶԶͳģû뵽ϵܹãȻְæ
رȥ֮һٷˣɵۡ
û뵽ҲҲ˵˸ˡ
⼸챻Ѻ˺ܶ࣬кܺϰǣһӣֱӸ˹µΪС
ɺͰ״򿴵׼㲣жˡ
׼ǲ԰׵ǻӣرۡ
Ǽ׼ģ׼㲳ȻҲ뵽ܿˡ
ϰʵǹ֣Ȼ˽ԹѺˣôĥ׼
˺ĵͷ±Ѿڵ飬Ȼһףܵܡ
ò˵仰ð׼еİ
ð׼£֮ǰ˵ѧϰҽΪβ㣿
һᵽ׼Цһһ۰״ȴ״΢΢ͷʾ˵
׼ЦȴôΣұΪҪңʵҪңֻǾҪǼ̳ҵ²úܺãвҹúá
û뵽Լ˻ǰ㣬ܺõӣȴǴѹϰǱ˵Ļ
һֱ󲮣ҪһС͵͵Ĵǽǣ֪ˣ뿪ûʵԭֻǲȥзɻڴĻᡣ
󲮶ȴ˵֥źúõѧϰ
ʲô취û뿪֥õʱͱݺˡ
״֪ûд߰׼ʱˣֻ粢Ҫ׼
ֻû뵽ն
ϰǲǽǩʲôԼ뵽һ㣬Ȼð׼úãô϶ϰ年
׼һǲĿŰ״ô֪ڴ֮ϰҵң˵ҩþ͵ǩԼ꣬ҩã˵ʲôΪ˷ֹѧҽȥҩá
״û뵽Լĺݣ߰׼ҲˣôҲԼֶƾһ㲻ô
ǩûʵ
׼ҡҡͷûǩҲɵ˵ЩҶˣҪһǩɵˣɾڷҩ֮ϰֱҳȥƣֻǰҩץҩҩƽҩͬҲûԾͰҩץˣû뵽ǲ˳֮к
⣬ܹɵ˱ѵĸоˣĺ⡣
΢΢ҡͷÿҶôһƷΪ׼ѧҽǺܺõķչû뵽㲻ʡģȻ״һҺá
΢΢ҡͷȻҲû뵽Ľ
Ҳգк˼ûǺܺõĽǲƽٹܶ࣬вԼ꣬߻ˣȻѾ֪ԷĿģ֮ȥúѧҽҲǺõġưҲ˺ܶα
ֲԼ˺õʵ̫ˣԶ԰ҲǼֲ֡
Ҳʧ֪Ǹ˵㲻ȥǺء
ܶʱźĴ£ʱƣ֣ᷢеñʧ
ɵǾð׼·߲ͨб·ء
οģ鴦ˣټƻ£㿴֮ǰôۣղҲúõġ
׼ʵѾͨˣ⼸ձѺûʲô¾Щ£ҲûôͲģұ˰֣ҲνڱЩ£϶ǲԭµġ
ڴʱҩƹˡ
ƹһϲɫлһСһӣǸõ֤˳
ˣǴʿõҩҩ˾棬Ըæ֤
ǳԸ飬ǰˡ
һϲ֤Ҳˡ
ƹͷʿ˵˲֤òӣҪԾ͸ˡ
΢΢ͷͬϰǵĹô⳥ӿ϶Ҫġ
ͷ˵ϰˣվ
߰ɸȥá
˵ͷŰ׼֮ӿȥʿȴûҵʿˣ޹ֻ֮ȥϰ壬߲ţֻӲͷƤ
֮С͵͵İҩŸˡ
ʦүѾŰ״ֽдˣڸ֮ϣ׼˴֮ϡ
ϰӿһʱֲõԤС
׼һʶ


211

Ϊʲô˻ָоΪ׼һ㶼״͹ɶվһԣδ֮УҪǲʶ״͹ɿ϶ϹţôҲֲվ档
˶Щڣ֪׼ʶˣǵҲð׼ﰡ
ϰǿҩõģһ飬ûкҩ
˵ľҪۣ˵ҲֻӲͷƤϹˡ
Ǳ棬һֱӹ£˿̿Ҫ֪ɾͺˡ
žľԵòɱ䣬֮ڳ˼һ
׼״ӿԼǧ˽ԾѺӿǧǿɷϡ
Ŀˣ˿̣ûдκθ˰
ӿǧ˿ͷǧˣ˽ԾѺ׼ǳϣǲûԩԼҩʿкԷҪ⣬ǮȻҪ׼׼ܲץҩֻܰѺҪȵǰ
׼˿̵㺬ѪˣȫԩңǰҩҩδһζҩӿҩȴֵϣӿǿڰǾĿףҺ۸򡣡
⼸챻ѺνûԺúȺ˯ãĥӿʱЦϰҲѹ
˵ľľٴ£²
ʱ֪İһʮʮٲһſڼ˿ֵˡ
ǧڰǿҩҲܶˣӿ֥Ҳܶˣкܶնʶġ
ʱ˹ڹ֮ϣڲʲô¡
˼ˣ׼ҿ㣬Ƿ֤֤Ǳԩġ
Ҫǲ֪ƹõ֤ݣ׼ţ֪ƹõ֤ݣһʿҲ˵֤֤С
ˣС֤ݣʿʱʱҩҩֻҪҵʿ֪Сԩġ
ӿ֮ǰȥʿңûҵʿв׼϶Ҳ
ɳֻҲ֤ݣҪα֤ɡ
ϰҲҴ㲻ֻҪڳԼҩá
һһ氡ӿвϰȴο
ǳǵˣҵ˵ʿʿԸΪС֤֤Ҳһˡ
ղŻڳ׼ӿסˣʱˣԭҲʿԭģΪ׼Ѿʿˡ
Сӻĸ˹ϵǳԭ׼
ڰа׼ﻹʲôʤ㣬ߣҩˡ
ӿˣ°¶ϰûһģֻҪ˵ɱ˾еĸϵֻⱲӶڰβˣʧǼġ
Ҫ뿪ı·⳥ʿʮӣʧܲ˻⳥׼ʧ͸ˡ
ڸô죿
һҧǧҪ׼ɱΰ϶ʿô
ЦʿǺƹ񣬸״һϵûС
ǵԩ˰
˵˺ôɷ֤ݣû֤ݣǹÿɲ˵
ľӿˣ֪ӿǻˣΪֻҪʿһϹãͻ¶Ҿӿ
ϰҲŽİ취ʿ¶Ҫôܱ
͵͵񾯸ӿˣвҪ˵
ϰӿһƬɬǴͷԷɣʿû֤أϰѾ׼ˣһӰˡ
еĿɬ˭ףϰҲһ˿Թޡ
ʱ򲻸վһϣȴвЩڿ˵ֵܵĻҲǼٻˡ
ʿһŰٲ˹á
ʿֻҪӣ֮ǰȥ֥˼ζûҪڿƣû뵽ƹҵ
ʶƹģ֪ǳҵˣ³Ը棬֤׼һҵϤȻƹ϶Ҫӵġ
ƹ˵ҪõӾ͵õʵʵ˵Ұ֤ݴϣһõӣ϶źƹĻϰһֱƭʹ˵ġ
һϹ͹ˣӡ
һЩ⣬ʿһһʿǵյҩҩ˹Ŀ
֤ݵȥֱӽҩʬȻҲͨҽ
ҩһһ֮ˣҩҩȫԵϣҩɹɹģ³һҩԵϡ
Ҳ˵ҩҩǶԵϵġ


212֤ȷ

˰ҩݸϰ忴ϰɿǲּ
ǧںڵĺܣΧſֵĺܶ඼ʶ˹òǰЩΡ
ıʼ
΢΢ͷҲ˵ҩҩҲǰҩץģҩпʹŻº͸кҩ
ϸļһҩзкҶЩֻҪƢθ΢һ˳֮󶼻ӣŻΪмζҩһ
ʿ˿̿ͷΪСǼıĥˣķе⣬ڹŹһⰡ
ĺ֮ǰﰡкһֱãͲⲻѩϼ˪ôһ˰ⶼӿġ
޲ӿƷһµʱζ
ڴʱͷ˶ֹ˼䣬һŵģ
£
ͷ΢΢ͷܿ϶ŹֵĿһǧ
ǰΪԼܴժȥǧĪĸоеĻš
֪ΪΣ;ͷЩζ
˶˵²¹ţĿ»٣Ȼ¶
ﲻɵǣǲǱ¶ˡ
ԽǣԽǺµúܡ
˾ľһĵӿɳҩ
ҩѾݸӿղŻов˵ӿ˿̶ͷĺˮȫ
ⲻС񿪵ҩ
ϣǲϡ
ͻȻЦȥ塣
ӿû뵽һ֤ݵ˾ȻֱӴˡ
Сԩ
ŵúȴ˿˵ҩĻ
Ҳûϵ
ľľǲǾУ˸Ұӿ֮ǰҩ֤ݶȥҿǲС
ͷһڲͷһҩ֤ݶõ˹ҿ
׼Ͱ״Լɶˣôôӿ֮ǰҩ
ڿּ֮󶼳Ĭˣּһ
˺ĵĽСá
˿ӿòŰӣǰȥȻûƤʹⲻ˵ġ
ӿٴα˹֮ϣ˿Ѿû˸ղŵţήҲ
СͲȥϰӿǿͷ
ҧһŭкʹӿϰ塣
˵˵ɡѾС֪һЩ飬Ҳ֪СҪ˵ʲô
С߷߲ƽǧӿǱΪ飬֥õҩԴγò˵ҿҩò˵ĲԳԲãﵽ׬ǮĿģֻҪ˴Ųͷȥ֥Ѿ֪ҩȫԴγãùģõҲáЩҩҴӲҪģв֢пҩֻҪĴܿҩû⣬ҩ÷ùҩݣҲġ
ҪԵԼģǰĶ֮ȴˣֻܰѼ֤ݡ
˼ҵĺӣΪ֥õҩȥģ֥õɶˣԭϰ˸ûз쳣Ϊծ֥ƣĶһЩҩ֮Ż𣬵ҩҩݶ⡣
޶֤ȥûκ֤ݡ
˱ǧӿƭһֱѼ֤ݣ׼˸ҲײܵˣǼ飬һˣŰ׼˳ȥżŵ˰״С
Сǰ˵һ飬˶𾪲ѡ
׼֪Щ飬ɻСΪʲôҪû뵽ΪСܺߡ
ǧû뵽СܿһѼ֤ݡ
ڴʱⳳܶ˶ųš
΢΢üΪ
ͷѾŪˣ֥õܺߣǵļеĻԲڴеѾȥǻǳ֥õҩݵµġ
һС飬û뵽ǣ˴󰸡
Ҳ֪̬ˣԸͷȥǼˣ׼İվɡ
ʿȷҩ֥üġ
ʿܿ϶Сͷģ֥üҩݣ֤ҩ򿪵ġ
е֤ȷ䣬׼Ǳԩģһ˶ͬ
Ƕ
ʿʮӵʧʵʮЧӿúһʱڰ⳥ʿ
ӿ˰ӣ֪ǰЩ¶û뵽¶С
˵СΪôί뿪ҩãһֱԭѼ֤ݡ


213Ļ

ǧ˿Ҳˣû뵽ҩҩݵȷкܶǷùģЩΪûдԷùʣе̰ͼҩݡ
ⳳҪ˺ܶ࣬ǧ²ѡ
׼֤鲢޹Ȼܰ׸ǧѺô죬⳥׼ӡ
֪С˵鲻С£Ĵ¡
ǧӿѺԴòȥ֥ȡ֤
ȻС˵֥кܶҩǸñʵģȻҪú˽һ
׼ڰĵ߳˹ãɺͰ״򶼺ܻϲ
Ȼ鲻ܸģҲ꣬Ȼǣһ׮ôİӡ
Զźֱ߳ȥ¥
˵׼ųǴϲ£Լ˱Ҫףһ
ɺͰ״мԶİȻҪ͡
¥Ȼ󣬵״ġ
һȥ¥С˾¥
ӵ˲֮󣬰׼ЩεĿŰ״
һǲؼңҪ洳һ
Զͳ˵ЩЩõģе̲סؼҡ
״΢΢̾Ϣġ
˵Щ׶ģʼû뵽Լͬ㡣
׼ܿ϶Ҳ׶һۿû뵽󲮻ʱĺģСǺˣСһֱңֻҶڹ
˵ԶȻǵһμԶǺԶæ
վԶȭ幫ӻæչһС֪ǵһμҪеͻСǺˣҲ
ǧӿڰǱСȻ㣬Ǯ͵С˴
ԶںСĻҲ֪Сֱˡ
԰׼ǺܿģϾǹɵĸ簡͹ɲܳɻǲɣԹɵȻܰæͰ׹ģһҵСˣǻ취ġ
ʱҲȵһС˼ԸȥҼұ𴦵ҩá
СҩôãҩҲϤҵ鲼ܶطҩñҲС
ֻҪСԸ⣬ȻԮְ֮һ
׼û뵽ԶͳԸСǸмѡ
ллλӣ׼УԺʲôҪĵطֻҪֻ˵
Զҡҡͷڰ֣Ц׹ĪҪɵĸ磬ܳΪѵġ
⻰ð׼ɻѲ幫ϲɣ⻰˼Щˡ
Ҳɵҵ£԰׹ӵ治Ҫ˰׹ǲҪѧҽǳҵҩðҩõĴҽӿ֪ǿ϶٣ȥѧҽҼҾҲкüҩá
״ǰڷ׼ǰ̣ôȰ˵׼ؼҡ
һεΣʶ˾ÿɿˣȴԼ׸磬Ӻֶǰ׼ǩǧԼôδ׼ֻ֥ãô֥ã׼ᱻΥĵ£˵ᱻǣ顣
ֻû뵽Ը˵ģǰڰ׼ǰĴ
ҵĵ̿ɱ֥ǿʮٱ֥òǰ΢һҩðˡ
ҵҩòһ鲼أҩĴܶ࣬Ϊͬһ㡣
ֻǺԥҪҪ׼ȥ
ɼˣ԰׼˵ǺϢ
׼ڷ㶼ˣϽӦĴ
гչˣЩ˲׼СЬ׼Ҫѧϰҽõʱ
׼ڳĻ𾪣û뵽Ը
ҲףǿڹɵϲŰģЩҪֻû뵽ȥǣһֱҪȥǡ
ôˣЦʵ
׼عĭ˵Ŀġ
º͵ĵͷȻģ׹ӵƷ˽һģҺϲ׹ƷˣѧҽܰϣҲҵҡ
ֻҪڰ׼Ͱ״ǰˢøУٶҲֵõİ
ߣҲϧŵġ
׼ͷǰǰĴû
Ҫֻ֪֥ڰ΢һģѣ֥˺ܶĴ򣬶֥һָ߸ϵԽУ˵ȥǳҵҩá
ֻҪȥ˳ҵҩãⱲҲԲˡ
ֻǳҵҪҪȥѣȥȥġ
Ȼȥҵҩѧҽ
ллӣҰ׼ˡ


214¼Ӧ

ǰõĻûвӦĵҳҩõĴ˶ôҩڰǵҲǼõġ
Ҵҽҩõ˺úܶࡣ
׼ĺܼܸųҵĴѧϰһѧܶණ
ºһЦ׹ĪҪɵĸ磬ҺǺѣ˵ԺǻܳΪֵء
⻰ˣ׼δ
ֻžҪȥǻڰǡ
˲ȣһ˾㷹֮󣬰״ܸмԶͰ׼
ллλӣȻȮӻ֪ܶίǧӿҲ̫ˡ
С˵ЩģĲˡ
飬
Զȭڰʲô鷳ֻұǣҲڵʱҵ
úбҪȥ֮ǰ˵˵չչ˹ɡ
׼ۣ⼸նûϢá
ԶҪŻȥ飬뿪
סҵĿջ
ȥͳ뿪ߵſںܸмյҪлл㣬ӿǺѲģǣ׼ƻ
Ѻô֪꣬һԿˡ
΢΢̾ϢԺҴžͿˣ㲻һ˵ģôԶһһȥۡ
۹ɣ;ĺࡣ
ɹǣһʲô鷳¿϶ţҩĿЩ࣬Сһγ׵ĵӿϰ壬Ҿ͵鷳ܰæһ£׼˵ˣһҲСصʱСһֱ͵͵ˮͳԵġ
ӿϰ᲻ø׼ͳԵģЩС͵͵
׼СݣȻҪ
ڹҲСЩ΢΢ͷ㰲ģⰸӹҪһ岮˵һģֻҪСԸ⣬ұ𴦵ҩö԰
˳״¥ЩԥĿŹɣùЩΡ
ɵʲô˵ֱ˵ɣһ¶Щ̹֪׼һл˵ʵϾ¥֪״ɻ
״һ۴ã˺ܶ಻˵ĵء
ǳȥ߰ɡ
ɹɵĵͷŰ״˳ȥ
һξ룬Щϡ٣״ſ˿ڣ幫ӻгʲôϵ
ãѵĻЩԣϾ˶Թɵ̬ȶ̫һ㡣
иоԶͳϲɡ
ʵ˶ܲϧ˵ľ͹̫
Զ֪ҵĴӣһȥǸУԺҲڳΪٵģĹٻ˼ŵԣûʲôҲǱƲġ
С檣ֻҲܵż
ҵļҲȻ˵ǵ׸жӡ
ȻóʺϵģǺܵǣ˼صľ棬ܸǼҴ棬ơ
ɿЦһҪ˵ѹϵɵ϶ţʵҺλֻѹϵ幫˺ܺãҲܺã˵֮ϵΪʲôôãǾ֮󣬸ӿѹϵɣˣλ˵ȹңⱲǷǵ̫ࡣ
û˵İ϶ûڵ
һǮѵӢۺҪµӣ̫̫Ǳ߾͵ðһұƷ衣
״΢΢̾ϢһеأһֱǵѸɵͲˣҾ¡
һϲǣͻȻЦ
һʵ״Ͳõģڵֻ׬Ǯôȥϲλ
˭λе㡭
ɲ˭ϾԼݵλˣûӣȥҲᱻƲ
Ⱳ˵ҪԼˡ
״е㲻ԵĿŹɣ׹ôЦ
ɺĿŰ״ɵ֪ڵʲôֻӣ׬Ӳ£Һæģ֮չҩݣ֮ŴֲҩݣʱȥЩ飬˿ûҪ
⻰Ҳð״򳹵װˣҲеΣ⺢Ӳôһֱֻ׬ӡ
ɺĵͷ
Ӳأǲ֪һҪѵʵ̫ˣҪ׬ǮլӣҵѾСźкˣܵŬŬ
뻹ǺԶأЩҪǮɡ
ðɣһӹ׵ˣֻӡ
״򳹵׵İˣֻҪɲȥЩʵֵξͺã£ͷ˺ǹɡ
ۣҲĵҪɺá
˵ҲǺۣʱ㻹磬״ֺǣ˿ʼ


215³

˼ΰǣɶҲϤ
״԰ǵϤ̶ԶԶƽﶼС򸽽תơ
ɵ󲻴󡣡ͻȻܸпʵ
һӵˣΪһӬͷСͿԴ֡
ôΪʲôҪʱ˷Щõϡ
ǰϾͺԶҺܷ٣ʲôõ
ã̫СˣôٵİСʵ̫С̫СһƫƧĽֵϷ١
ˣôأʲôӡ
״ҲĸпͬɵĻͷĺܴһֱС򸽽תƣʮ߶ÿӹҲ⣬ҪʮһҪߣúɽ羰续
߲ˣ˵£ԺĽֵĹɣô룬ô롣
ЦЦҲôģⱲԸȥǿﵽʵ̫Զˡ
һԶ˵ȥǵһأҲ֪вôԶ
״ֹ֧ɣԺлȥҲãð׼ȥǺûڰǺãȥϢǰ⣬˵Щã
ʵҲ֪ôش𣬺׼ڰǣҲ׼ʵһֱҪȥǡ
ȥǵİɣ֮ǰΪ˵ҪȥǣԲôǣҾðɣôһˣʱȥˣгһչţҲʲô顣
׼Ҫѧϰõҽְ֧׼뷨
ж־ķôܹΪһѾǰأɲжġ
˵⻰״ٸн
Ȼˣ˵뷨ˣ˵ûдж־ķҲΪһѾƴܱµµΪһӺá
֮׼ʲô֧֡
ȥǺáһʵ
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⵹ģ״Ҳڰ׼ûд֮ǰǲϵġ
̾һˡ
ҲգҲգ˵ĺеȻˣұҲˡ
ˣ˵ˡ
ҵջ״Ҫȥǵѣ˷ֿ
һףɾͷϵ̫һˣҪÿһĶû
Ҫ϶ĺһ
ǵĶϵĿʽҪһЩȻ֪϶ǵܻܵãкŮԴ
ûͿһӣ˽ȥ
ʵЩģǵһν
߽ȥ֮С˺顣
СҪʲô
С´һɣûΪɲǸ˼ҵС͵
ãֹۿ˵͵ĵ棬ԥת뿪
Һ˺飬ҲֵأºһЦ
СЦ⣺ǸųĺİɣСߡ
Źȥ˲Ĺ̨һ߽ɾƼŵΣ߹ֻ̨ĶΡ
Сȥ˼ڳϣɽСӴ΢һ㣬СģȽϹɡ
ˣ棬ĺܺÿ֮ǰϿĺÿˡ
ԥˣҲ֪кŮڶ档
ȷΪ˰ϲŷֻУҲ֪ʲôΪ˼
СһʱóһѲСС治֪ʲôһһСӺС㶼Դ
С˵ĽܣһͯŮϷɵͼŸ֣Ԣ⵹ǲ
ӡ
ţͻȻһλǳɫȹС㳳
ƹҽг
ɱŮӵĳһС˰һãϽɵǸСҵȵȣҵȻ
˵Цӭȥ
С㰡˭ˡСЦеţ̬Ⱥ顣
С㣿ɲɶ࿴ۣϾһϣڰϵ˿ɲࡣ
е⣬֮ǰҵһͷ棬ƹ˵ֻһף²˻ȥҪȵյͻϴϣձһλСȥȲ裬Сóһһģһͷ档
òУСֱˡ
ƹӺԺЦ߳Цô͵˳С㣬СĪҪĪҪ


216а취

ƺһѾнӹֱӷ˹̨ϣŴ򿪺ӵǰ˵ͷ氲ֻһףΪС￴һģһˣ˵ġ
ǸΪͻԴһͷ棬ҲС
ƹͷǺˮɫҲѿǸεĵСĪҪǵĹͷֻ׵ģǰմӾǲûĻһҼҷԼõģ˵˵ȵͻ֮ŴԵʱС˵ֻһס
ĹĵģôСҲС
Ҳ⣬Ȼ˵ͻ֮óôôˡ
ƹԶš
ƹǸʵǱǸС㣬Ūˣ˵һóˣС㿴˷ҪҲ֪СƢԡ
һ˹̨ϣŭֻ֪СƢ֪ҵƢǲ㵲Һ۸
ɾĿţǾСȤ
һֱкλСͻȻ˵ϣصǸСĵĴСŪ˲ŵᡣ
طŻŵƢС˹֮ºࣺϽûн¹Ҿͷ˰ɡ
ƹ˵һЩдϲˣȻˡ
ǵĹСǱǲܵģ߸ӲܵڳܺһȻðջᡣ
Ѿ߰Сжϥлƽô¹أԺɲˡ
ЩԳصĺøдһλȤС㡣
СлԳغء
ͻȻƹǼһû»ٹվͻˣһûкʵͷˣʱôС㣬ඪ
üͷӺܿɰ
ƹ̾Ϣһʵûжһ޶ˣĿʽܶࡣ
ܸܲ취غΣǲ˴һġ
ڴʱ뵽һ취϶ԳصӡãǿؽüͷģеĲ̰ɣǰλСǲֻҪһ޶ͷ棿
ЩĿŹɣŽʱǼģң˿̵Ĺл
ɻҽ̽ʵѵа취
ƹǺ֮ˣɼȻҽӻ뷨СҪȥμӵͻرСܽСȼü֮һúøлġ
ɵǲҪʲôлǰѹ̨ϵĺӴ򿪣һ׽ͷ棬ӣй׹һס
ĺɫ䣬ɫʯɫǶڽ棬߹š
ҡҡͷһײʺϳС㣬ƹ㻹ûбͷ棿
ﻰһʺϳɻŮӣСֹ龫ֵӣȷʺһס
ȴ̹ϵҲһײʺңκܱǣҲֻ֮ǰƹ˵Ƕһ޶ġ
ʱֻΪһ޶򣬲Ϊϲ
ʵͦǮ˼ҵģǮԵôصĶô
һΪ˼Ǯȴµ˺֮仹вడ
عƹ񣺡ƹйɣһͼܲ
ƹԽԽɵĿģǵͷֻҪͼģǰС˵ҪʲôʦܴѵʱЩƸϲϳСá
Щͷˣüͷѯʣأҵ˼Ǵӱ
ʵر𶮣鰡ʶ֮󿴵Ŀɲҽ顣
⻰ƹ֮ǰôû뵽һ㡣
˵ӿ϶С
ӱɱһһܶࡣ
ƹֱӴӦˬ졢
һİ취ȥΡ
رϣģ˵ˣͻȻڴ
˶˺ãСҲ˽ȥ
ʱСˣС˱ߵʱǮ
ӺСԺܴ󣬶һ仹ǹҲйʦ
ƹϵ˺üͷؾʣͬƹͷ
ɾãصԸЩ龫֣Ҳܿʻã̫سĶʺʯ䣬ϻԵϳɡ
ףùʦһ֧ĺɫʯʯȡȻбĲɫ鱦ò˵̵ĺܶࡣ
óصʺϱȽԾһĶ


217˵

ɲʱԼĽ飬ʦϡ
һǴ˳ص֪Ҳ˺ܶܺõĽ飬ʦҲ˵š
ɺͳضһ۶Цˣ˶ĸо
ʦҪһܰͷ泹׵ĴãҲҪؿջˣЦųصСǡ
ùߣòô۵ˣֱס˹ɵֱ۵ҾͿ˳ۣҪǺúģһ֪ʲôء
ȷǰûмɣ룬ͦϲصԸģҽйɡ
˵֣ؾ;ˡһϽָŹɺ˷֪ܵ㣬˵֡
е㶵Ŀųأðһͷòǳʲô˰ɡ
ɻĿųصѵǳӵ˭
ǳĺ٣ǰ״֮ǰ˵ġ
ʱС˺СʱɣѲԼɶˣǰλǳ˭
ʹЦŵͷϲҸǳ֮ǰһֱҪأȥ˵
˶ӣЩɲ˵
ɱֱֱ棬ֱѾߡ
ԶĲ弣Ҫż֮󣬳عž͹Цˡ
Ҿ˵ôôأԭҸ羭˵Ĺɣ㲻֪Һܾ֮ǰҪˣϧҸͲԸ⣬ԵְȻ㡣˷ܣϾߵŮĺ٣ܱ翴ϣҿ޵ģ϶氡
ⰲҪ޸ŮӺĶ࣬ɴû۵ġ
û뵽Ȼ˵Ӿˡ
еεһ˵Һܶ໵ɡ
첻һԣĹĵҪ˵㻵ͺأѵң˵ұȲһǰ㣬˵Ҫȥ˴棬ʮ졣
Լ˵϶ˬ֪Ϊʲôܺá
ͻȻЦ㣬ҾҸǶԵģҰǿ뿪˼ʲôǣҾ˵Ҹôûңǲż㡣
Щ֪ôشˣðʵ̫СˣҲҵˡ
ͷ鷳æҸ类֥õϰԩҸ磬԰гӺ幫ӰæҲŸӷֿá
óĺ棬ûи˼ҹӸĽҲûС
ܸܵڿʱûһƲ˼
С˶ŲӣԸɵһҸƢǲر
һɱС󶼱
ҡҡͷʵʵ˵ҾóƢܺõӡ
ؿŵԼؿڣһ˵ģȻȻֻǶסŶΪʲôֻװ
ͻȻЦͦĽõģ໥֣ʵ绹Ǻܰİɣңһֱһˣ۸ˣ˴˶ûп԰æˡ
죺ʱͦõģȥʲôҲ뵽ңӦñҴһ㣬ҿԽɽô
΢΢ͷЦ԰ͦϲġ
صӺܻãҲûʲôƢǺܲˡ
˵ϲһЦϲ̵ĵҸҸ۹һҽˣ̫˾ǲҪʲô
ǵùɵʱС˵ģ˵Ȼ
ҵܻܵѡһﻳˣĥŰǵʽȽ϶࣬Թһ䡣˵ͺܺá
ܾϲѽǺ£ھȥ򡣡
ظǮŹֻ̡
һžͳƹǵĽóзλС㿴Ҳù
ƹ񲻸ҵϽѶ˹Ǿѡš
ɷ·׳ҪʲôվڳߵҪɲа
ֱӰһ۹ɵǲǽһɽ㣬ҸǲǺѣǲһʡ
ЩûëɵͷܾﲻԾ
غѵȻҽһ㣬ʣͲĸĺôˣҸ˵Ҹ֪˿϶һţɱ˵ĻҲ͵ģԴڰܳΪҳѵָ
ԱߵƹͷĵȷܳΪСҵ¡
ˣ룬ҲܰҪضصͲ𣬵ҲҪԼⰡ


218½

ҲپʲôˣΧŹ̨һȦߵһλãָˮεĶ׹ɫĻɫó
ƹϵİԶ׹ó˼Ǯһӣֱˡ
ɫһԵݸ˳صȻʲôصĶҾ׹һ㿴Ҳһһġ
ŹһһԶϲһۿϵĵȷɫһԡ
ܺÿôҶĻ׳棬ϲʲôô֪
ú棬ӹ֮ǰıûжԹ˵µģȴôʱŮ֮ô򵥡
ɰɫĶ˳صеҲʲôصģ⵱һʵСɣԵ
ǰɲԱ˵Щ˵ĺ٣˵ϻŮҲֻ
֮ǰ椻һţҲˣĹҲԸˣǿ׬ǮбˣҾ治һ顣
ǴĴܰԱȣҲӰɡ
ܸľúܺá
Լʵж֤ǲ׹ģֱӰѶϵС׹ȡ˹͵ɫ׹ӡ
ÿôҲϽϡЦ˵ĺá
ôñСص⻹ġ
Ҳĥ䣬ϾûֱӰѶ׹ӴϺ󣬿ųصĶ׹Ӻ⡣
ĺ
زһЦҲ
˵ѡõĽεݸƹҰͷҸǮ
ɰǮˣֱŹһʱŷؿջ
ߵʱһֱɣһҪ
߹ɻص˿ջ
״͹ɻһȥ
ɰ̵״˵һ飬Ҳ˵˳ص顣
¾״򶼺ܸпԵ֡
߳ϲ̵Ļ˼ңûлصԼԺӣŷǱһ³ڲڣȷ̲֮סҪȥҫһ
ٺ٣³ǰɣұ֤һû͵
ĺϲɵƢС顣
ڿҩһʱ˱֪ΪΣ쿴˱ǲܽ״̬
űƿشֵ߽ӡ
˼·ϳе㲻̧ͷǳ֮ˣҪʲô
ԼʲôãһҹģûС
غٺһЦˣһָԼĶ㿴Ҷϴŵʲô
صĶȴɫĶ׹һһεĺܺÿ
˶׹ӣĩˣֲһ䣺ͦÿġ
˳ǰѵȻÿˣҲ˭ҵģһ²˭͸ҵġ
ĥҪôѹɵ˵ȻúÿǾȵı顣
ȻϷһ۳صϽ˵ͷϻкܶҪء
Ʋ죬ܲȤҪ˵׹˭ҵģ㲻ʶġ
ͲˣȻ˵ɵ֣绹
ѳصһζܾóڹŪ顣
Ͻ˵˵˭͵İɡ
վǰſȻͷҵġ
˵Цܣûܵſھͱץס˸첲
𾪵ģкܶҪʳء
صɪ˦ֱۺģ֮ǰ˵Ҵ㣬ھͳȥ
˿ж࿪ˣûмš
ֺ۾ȴһֱųضϵ׹ӣϽôʶɵģġ
ĵеĽء
ЩﲻסЦҾ͸㡣
һҧҪʲôҶ򡣡
£عԹԵİôʶɵ˵һ顣
ԽԽøп˼Ǿ̼͹ͷ棬ҲɰæŪģ׹ģ
֪ɺܽԼǮģһĵطǾԲỨġ
صͷ˼Ϊɣ׻ˣȥ̾Ϊѡģʵһʼ֪߶Ĺɣֻÿ˳ۣ֪ҶпԵְ
û˵ϻе¡
ھȻӳ˵ôеֵֹġ
Ҷ֪ǾˣɴϲǷ飬׹ӣﻹǵĺãǾֵýύˡԹɵۣʵܶʱԸɲô


219¶׹

ӺֱˬͬĻ֪ΪʲôǰˣҾ̫ûˣڻڻǮѹǰ˵ҷׯϻʮ졣
ڵĴ´Ҳ̫ٸɸɾģҲûвʲôģƢҲãҲСʱ˿ûĵ˼ǰЩһͽϵõʲô
ȴǣ˴֮ľֵú
֮ԽԽϲ档
ĳصԴȴֱӻ˳صĶϣһֻ׹ӱȡ
ػûӦأеĶ֮׹־Ҫȥ׹ӣҶ׹ӡ
ȴЦˣһֻ׹ˣȻҲ԰ֻ¡
֪Ϊʲôһߡ
òУʲôⶼȻĶ׹ӣ㻹ңҸ˵ҪңҾȥ״
𰡣Ҫʲô˵ɣ綼㡣˿̣¶Ϊº͵΢ЦҪжء
ҧҡͷݺݵҲŲҪңĶԣҵģϽңһҪǼҿ϶Ҫһ׹ӣһֻôУɻһɫһأǴһڽϣһĽǵģ㣬㻹ҡ
Ժһ𣬴һĶ׹أҪģĶ
ͻȻͰ͵ųأһҲǵ˼
һڱǰϲɵ£ȻԶ⣬УҶղ
Щܲ˳Ͱ͵һ˫۾ѽܲˡ
Ҫװʲô£˺ˣһֻ׹Ӳܸˣһֻ͸㣬ϲɽ㰡
⻹һδ˵ϲһ˵ģ˶ĻˣϾǳҵĳӣټļҲÿ̳ء
ûиôԣؼǣһֱԸȢޣеĴҹô࣬û۵ġ
ӳ˼֣ˡ
Щ̾Ϣһ֪ϲһøܵСɣϲһŮӶȥ˵Ҳұ̫ԣӴҲ
еĴδҲ
ز֪ΪΣ;һ̳̫˱ˡ
ŹϣοҾɽĺܺãҪϲ֧㣬ǵһزù֪һֱҪҸŵԵС㣬ŵڵĴҹ㡣
˼ңСþͱѰҸܵҲȱ˶ࡣ
Լģͺñ׶ڸ˵ˣûʹ벻ס
ȻҲ֪һ㣬ûη壺±ߵһŬģǸɫŮӣһõģҾʱ䲻¡
غ۳֪ôϲɣžͲЦˡ
ĳļοﲻ֧㣬֧㣡
жԱһ£ɱʶЩҹ֪ö٣ɴһˣһⰡҲ³Կࡣ
кܸжƽֵãȻΨһ֧ġ
Ѷ׹е´μɿɲ˵Щɲ֪ϲЩʱĺۣ֪ϲһԶԶġ
ĵط
زɵȻƢԸȽϴֵģܶ¡
ɾͲϲӣҲֻǵѡ
ҹȥ׷ɽ㣬ôõĹΪɩҲҵҸⰡɲԽʱҪ˵װҲ˼ô硣
Ͱ͵ų治˵˵ô!ǸأＱææ˵ס
һΣһ԰ɣʵһǺͬһ˵׵ģЩڿǺã˭֪᲻᳤ˡ
и˼ҵĹӸ磬ٶһЩë
ϣܹһϲ˼ˡ
ҵ֪һ˳ֱϺҲİ˵ЩӸ磬ڿһͦõģ˵Ҫȥʲô̻ˣҲŲҪôŮ˷һأһܲˣʲô檰Ժͱˡ
ܲмЩĵ£ﰡŮѵͱ˵һˣЩҲֻеˣ˵ڡ
º͵Цŵ粻ģһһϲŮ˾㹻ˣҪ檡


220ֻ

ڳУһһλԼϲŮӾͺãľֻһţһһҪİŮӡ
檵ҲĽ
غ͵ĸ˳һĵͷû㡣
龫ֵõˣðɣϱӾԩң϶ϱӶ̫ˣⱲֳãȻ
ǱһȰһȰûЧҾͲ֪ˣֲǲ֪Ƣ
Ļڶ׵İ취ţصĻ»֪ܲء
ǷϵúܣͰ͵ųһҪȥ˵˵ҪǰסףҾȥɽǱ߸˵ûǰʱײ˵ȵ׼ҳȥɢôʱҾҽȥǼң￪ġ
̵ģӺõúܣֻҪ忪˹ɵĵԺ׵ʱ϶˳ܶࡣ
ȤϲĴսص˵˵㶼ʲôƻ
ǲ˵ҲôԼŪùڶġ
ؼǣԱ߻иԶĵţ֪ԶƵӣôϲϹɵģѵӦϲִҹ㣿
ƫƫûʲô˵ЩŪúǾᡣ
ؾðɣϲҪǻɱŮӳΪɩӣ϶ָ̹Ӿ͹òˣԻѡһԼϲŮӽȽϺá
ʵҾðɣɽڿ϶ֻ׬Ǯһ㣬һŮ಻ף۵úܣؾ;Ӵò뷨֮أɽ㣬ҪŪɽ㾿ϲʲôӵӣǺö֢ҩ
̵˵ţһ뵽пܳΪɩӾͼء
Ҳܻϲ͵ĵͷ뷨ܺãʱô˵ˣҴ֪ɽһ궼û˵׵뷨Ҳ˵һлᡣ
µľʱ䲻УüŬȵ󲿷УȨ
׼˯ڲ⼸ǿ
ɺͰ״˷ð׼ԣ׼Ե̻ʡ
׼ģ˵ģɻа״Щۡ
⼸ܿˣǲҲ治Ƕ޵ľݣ˵㲻ԸæͲ£ﻹк˵˼һˣ˵õѪŨˮء
״Ҳʧ԰Ƿĵء
Ҳû뵽㲮֪ҾͲˡ
ǰһֱΪ˺ܺõģдŵʱҲǹеĻȴ
׼¿ӣʧҲû뵽ǵʱҾ;òԾǸʱ򲮸Ҿ䳰ȷģҲ˵ҽһֱҩҩͯϰ˵ЩҶЩǲ
һֱذأԼεˣҪԼˣתʵ̫
״ܣָоô˵أԼ׵˱ѣʵ벻ʲôطðˡ
ҲգȻԺųҵĴѧϰҽͺúõĸѧ
̫֮ͥľףЩҲûôִˡ
ȻôԴһңôԺǳɡ
ܹ鲻һ·ˣĵ׻ܵúܡ
ָоġ
ܹĿŰ׼úøŴѧһ
ܸߣ֮ǰǧҩöܰӣǧԱĲʲô
˵ֻҪ׼úõĸѧϰҽȻɾ͡
׼ܵ˹ĵͷһúѧģ㶪
һγԸæҲΪɵĹϵһ
ΪԼΪ˹ɶҪúõĸѧϰҽ
״ҲŰ׼ҵĴҽǺܺõģǸһѧȻɾͣʱҫͿˡ
ǼǳŴ򷢼ҵģһֱϰβһ˲ǺܺѧģͰѧĶܺãôǿѧϰн㡣
ҽԶѧֹ׼Ҫߵ·ܳ
Ҳϣ׼ܹߵóߵԶ
ڿջϢһ
ڶĳ˿ջ
¥ʱÿڴţܾȣʲôʱġ
º͵ĶŹЦЦһˣôôˣ·ôۿԶϢһᰡ
۹ɣÿ춼ôࡣ
ɶŵС֣ҪһЩ糿ʺϳԵϡСˣ˳Ķ˯ñȽ磬ʲô𣿡
˵Ѿ˵ˣΪȥæ¡
һ¥ϵ׼ûУѧҽû


221ҵĽ

ðɣﵥֻҪһ۹ɣа׼ڡ
һΪʲô£˾أû뵽Ϊ׼¡
ЦŵͷˣҸ¾鷳ˣڿҲܺѧʲôõĵطֻֻϣܸźõʦѧϰ
׼ҪȥðɻҪĥѵģ̫ݵĻѧϰ˵׼Ͳ˼ȡˡ
¥İ׼ɵĻһôϣұ
ɻͷһ۰׼ǲȻϣʦģ˵㣬㶼ԣһɵһҲͬ
״ڰ׼󣬵ͷͬɵĻһ°׼Դôˣ黹ûܵúõĸʦѧϰʲôĵطͶʣһ֪֪һǰǴæˣ㻹֪ϧ͸һϿҩá
ֻϣ׼ܹúõģȻɾҪŬ
׼ԼԴͰ͵ڳ棬Թ㿴˰ɣѾͷƽ￴ᣬʵĺء
ߣҪǲúѧʱؼҲᵽʲôĺڣϲĹдŻǣʱý׵ġϸĶ
ҵЩѾΪȥΣֻҪ׼Ժúõľ͹ˡ
׼оůĵͷϲŮӣһúõϧ
ĵиźѾ̹ȻˣⱲܳΪñʲôãٿһֱչ˹ɣһֱغڹߣոµݣǹɵĸ磬ԹҲûһ˼
״͵Ŀһ۹ɣ˹֮󣬺ܶ鶼üˣǰ׼֮ĽѣڲһɾҪĻ˵ˡ
ĽҵϣܹأϧǸе㲻ʡģ˵ˡ
һ˵عɾ̲סЦˣĺãҲû뵽ã;ƢܺðװͰ͵ʵأʱܻƹС˹µʱ˼֮ǰ׷Ҳ׷ˣĹﰡ
ȷĺ
ϾͷƹӦõģֻǺĴùɴ
ûŰļ׷ҲûеˣǺܺ˵ӡ
Լʵͷ۵ģǸӣؼ֮һֱأ˵˵ܳ㣬˵ȵһҪء
ɺܼҪǺ°֮أ˵Ҫҿʱʱ³ȻҲӭ㾭ҼңǰҼû뿪ﻹء
ϵȷϲϾǼҵĶˡ
кӹ˳
Цʱһȥ˵ĸˣҵһ⣬תĸ
˵ŰѷڵϵĺӣƸ˹ɡ
˺ܾ׼õġ
ɰѺ˻ȥΪѵɲǼҵĶⱲӶ꣬ôҪĶ
³͵ĽѾܹⲻȥˣϲռ˼ұˡ
ָоܲãڵʵܻرʲô
еΪˣǲҵѰ֮ǰ㲻˵ǺѵģȻǺѣô㶫ûëɣ˵Ҳʲôصģҩƽģûȥĸһ塣
˵Ŀ׼Ͱ״
֪ù¶ЩѣƾȰ˵ǲġ
״ɾ°ɣǳ͸أ˷˳ӵһ⡣
ɿɬЦЦֻºӡ
һôˡ
׼ʱʱڰǸźƹ㰲źʵĴ㣬֮ȥǣΪǱʱеңи˼ҵĹӸҲȽ϶࣬鷳Ҳࡣ
Ϊ˰׼ãϾ°׼ȥ֮˲ǵˣʱ鷳㲻ȥұˣ˻㡣
׼ҲǾ˷粨ˣЩĵﲻġ
ͷܸмллӣһжİš
״͹ɽվҪ뿪һһȥ͵õü죬ϵҽݿɲûˡ
ԣ׼ų뿪ɺͰ״һ뿪˰ǡ
ϣŽԶȥİǡ
иĸпǰ룬ᾭǡ
û뵽һʱȴ
Σʱȥǿ˵Ǳǻ󣬻١


222

Ͱ״صѾǵ磬һ·˿νһ㶼Ϣϵ⡣
β˲ȱģⵢ͵ˣ˵ĲȲã״ǱȽĵˣҩõ£˵뷨һԸ·Ƚϼ
˲״Ǯ˳֮󣬻ûҩأ󴺾ͽ˳
ǿǻˡ
ɺͰ״򿴹ȥ˶ܾȣֻһҩ࣬ϱץѪۣǸŮ˴ܰ
𷽲󴺽ӣɵǵǱ˴𣿡
ϸһܣƢǺܺõҲȥǷǣ˭󴺣
״֪أƾ󴺻ŵӾ֪ˡ
ǵ˵˵ʲô¡
ɺͰ״ֱӽҩãǰһð״͹ɶŭˡ
ֻ̨һˣҩҲŪģó⻹ʰĽ
һεûпҩã״ҩýҿܣ
ھεúܣ״ܰҩֱӸûаҩػá
״ûԹ󴺵˼οھΣú˵˵ʲô¡
̾ϢһǺˣ˵㻳˺ӣ˵Ҫ׼ұҪӡ
һǺʱɫˣȻǾǵҩá
󴺵ͷǼ״ڣҲûǣʹĸֱӳҩãֹҲˣĵ̵æŰĸץͽ˹ٸ͵Ű״ء
ĺھΣ˶ûôߣҩȴߵúܡ
״ҧһ˹̨ǸҪˣ˭֪滳ŵ˭Ұ֣Ǽң֮ǰǶ̫ʴˡ
ͻȻܺһξŹ㣬ȻҪ£ôǾͳȫˣһε鶼ú㣬ҪҲûҪˡ
֮ǰƽϣû뵽֣˱˵˭ţ˭֪˭ĺӡ
״ǲϵģô˶֪˱ֵ˼
Ϣ״ֱվȥٸ
ɲİ״һȥҪţȴ״ֹˡ
ڵ棬ʲôӵҲ֪£ҲðŴ
йڵϣҲĲ١
ϸ״˵Ļе£ôͿԺúøһ㡣
󴺿Ź͸ŨŨĵǡ
һκ׼ģͺ°״鷳
£ü˼һһˣ֮ǰǸ͸ɵΪʵʵģ
еƣҩñϾҵĺΡ
˵Ǹô졣ԴС
ͻȻЦ˾ûǿӲģȻôҪôûҪһζҪͷ
зߺޣ㻹ҩˣ֮ǰҩǮһξȻ
һֱ¶һҲ˺ӣأȻҪ
󴺺ܷߺޣҧһĴˣһζҪúýѵ
ҲģһξԲ˺㡣
״ûжãʹˣֻҵģһҽſھʹ
ſҩſڵĵϣҵĿš
ɺ˳ȥ
һƨڵϴŮ˰׼ҵ֣׼ڲܲ˰
ߵſڣĿź㡣
뿪׼ҵʱһЩӲܿʲôϾӰ׼˺Ҳûá
Ѹ˶˳ɺƽԺҲû
ѹͲӣǸӣԼԼⲻȥˡ
ϵ˶Ժ㶼һĮȻ̬ȣϾ̫ȱ£һһĶ
Ұ״ҩöڼˣ֮Ҷе㿴ˡ
ߵߵʲôʱġ
ʱǰӳϷɣվŶۡЦŶ˵š
󴺺ϣֱӳſڡ
ϻõС˶һӹӳָܵ˳ԡ
ԹӰҪǾϷÿԻؼҰſվŶ۰ôÿϷɲܴǡ
̵ģ棬ǲԼʲô⣬ȻŶթӣôҪôȥ
Ժһøжû͸ҹһƴ


223²

֪ϵ˱Ƚϻ̣û뵽ϻ̬ԴҲϵİŵӳϷ
ò˵ϵĺŽᣬʱ򣬴ҵķӦһġ
һŵӳŹӣյӷǰɺ㵱ɺڿ
ŹӵһȥҲˣ˵˲Ҫʱѿ֪ôô
Ϻܵ˶ܺ棬һιɺͰ״ȥǣܶ˶֪ԭ
ƹӱʵһͰ״ȥǾΪʲô鰡ôôŻ
Ҳû֮ǰҪŰ׼ѧҽôֻû뵽˰׼֥õ˺˵£¶Ҫ׼һΰ׼ҲøųҵĴѧϰҽأҾǰǵ׸ǼѧϰҽԺ󻹲ǰ;
˵⻰ʱһֱſڵϵ㣬¶Ĳġ
Ҳǣ֮ǰҲǿ׼ø߸ϵôͼ޸˰׼ˡ
ϼҽ̲ã˷ֵ
ڰ׼ӹúˣǰ;ˣ϶ġ
ܵ˶ĽҲĽǰ׼ĸû뵽ܸųҵѧϰҽҿɲֹҩһⰡҿ˵ʲôⶼǰ׼ųˣ÷ɻڴ
ʵҼҲᣬ׼ų˿϶Ϻãⲻǰ׼컯ʲô
ЦɲǣҲøһˣųһ˵ϺϱһһҪѡµģɲܱ˿ƭˣýŴ컨׹ģء
⻰˵ԡ
ڴʱվϵĻҳҶа׼ĺӣѵǲҪ׼ҵˡ
ɵƳһĶӣ˭֪˭ĺӣҵǺˣҸʱ˱ԼˣǱĹЧõúܣҵǺ棬뿪Ҹ֮ôкˡ
⺢ӿ϶ϰ׼㱾ûΣÿһ㶼˱ĺôǰ׼ġ
ֲҶԹɶ֣һξڹг˿һҲѧˣֻԶԶָŹɵŮҪȥٸ㡣
ЦȥϽȥʱٸôУŮѺȻ󡭡ǻѪףҸĺӾŮģҪթӣʱ򡭡⺢ӻţҲǵģ⣬ҼǵŮ뿪׼ҵʱ°ɣʣµʱ뿪׼ң˺˭ġ
һһ˵ģʱû£û뵽ĸҪ
ɫԻˣµ׼֪ϾǸʱ׼ѾִˣΨһ֪µľһ
һġ
ЦŵΪأһ֤ģĺӻжôҲϳģΪ׼ɵԩͷ
⻰һ˵ܵ˻϶ˣкҲǰ׼ġ
ǲǷչЩˣô㾫׼ľ־ˡ
ƺһǰ׼ҵˣ˵ĻҲܳΪ֤ݣ㻹ʲô֤֤ҶĺӲǰ׼ġ
ʼ磬ž˶Բߣ˵˵Ⱥ֮Ѫװǰ׼ҵĺǾţҪص׼ǲܵˣֲТظŮҪˣﻹҩãҼǵһǩֻѺİɣҩ鷳֮ǰʧҪ׷ģһȥٸɣһҪҪģӣһֱ˵ǰ׼ҵģôͻٸ¡
Ҫв˭֪ǲкӡ
ܺˣŵһĭҲƢ˵ֲҪĸ˵ôʲôĺӻ֪˭Ұ֣µʱ뿪İ׼ңǰͻϺӰ㻹أҿһҰ˻֣Ȼթ׼ңҿ˵ĸӱŸϳˡ
ǹɶ֪顣
ܵȻҲû˵
ϵϢһֱͨŴҶ棬ָһŵĺרȥģڻص˺Ҵ壬µǼҵֵܣŸ˳˵ǶǸˣںסںңô¹ҲΪҪõӣϾ˰ȱˣ⵽Ӧġ
ЦòУ㲻ԼôʵʵĹԼӲС


224ʶ

۸һڣҪһʱ֪£ôҲúóѡ
ָϵҪ£˵˵ʲô
˫ֱؿЦеĿźǲں˵˵๫˸ò绨ĹôһǱŮˣһǶҵϱ˵ʲôصҲùɣԻͬҵֵҪһ⡣
ĺܣǼһҶֻǳһȻˣҲߵÿ죬ҪȻץ˽˹ٸ
ЫĳŮˣЩ͸
󴺵ļο󴺸ŭΪ˷ŭֵòǣҾǾðɣʵ̫޴ˣֱ£úõҵҸ͸ɵ˵˵˵㻳˰׼ĺӣ˵ܸһԼӣأֱҵ̣浱Ǻ۸ˣãһηŹҾͺţôҲʮӰʱֽдҲûԼǰԼãҰеӶҪ⸽кܶԲϷ˼ңһʮʳȥ͵ˡ
ʱȴţ򶨡
˶һۣͻȻ˹ɡ
ɱһֱڷͺ㣬ͻȻװ׵İ
ڿʱֱһˡ
ڴ澭ɻ־ͱȽϽýܵһԣҲܻˣֱӹҩõżءһˤˡ
ͻȻ󺰴ˣˡ
ֻɫȹѾѪȾ죬һĻôµĹɾɵˡ
ûһͬ㣬ϷģԸղŹײҪթҡ
ܵ˻ûӦһѶȻ򣬿ɲôղӿɲΪײɣĺôô׵
⣬϶⡣
ϼȹԽԽ죬е㵣ǵߵߵô죬ǰҪթǰ
ɺܵһȦҸ֤ҿû
ƹӲмĿһۺ㣺˵Ҳˣֱ̧ȥŰɣأʲô顣
⻰˵ģֱú͸ˡ
ǻûһԣûŮ˵ĺӵˣǲҲˣȻ˵ţʹĿ㣬ϾϵһⰡһζĺҲ֪ܲȥ
ţš
ֻܵ˶޶ԣʵΪĸá
ˤǰǹվĵطǹߵÿ죬Ǿײ˹ɵϣʱٶթһ
ƻͦðֻϧɶ㿪ˣҪȻǵĽǶȿȥΪײ˹ɡ
ɵĵҩôɲڣҪƲȥɣĺӵ˿Ǵ飬˵ⱲӶˡ
ͻȻɣﻹкˣˣҺҺӡ
ŹɾһԶ㡣
ôթ˰ܲñֶΰҪҪˡ
㣬ĺӻ֪˭ء
ͻȻɿ֮һ͹ĵطѪҲǴӡǸطģֱӴ͹λûкӡ
ͨһ̺ǰס㣬æ
ƹӸϽǰס㣬⼸λҲǰס˺㡣
ţ˵ȻĴ󣬲ܺôôûãΪ˫۱ķ󣬻˱ס
ϼֱ˵ϣֱϣϽǰȥ̶ס˫֡
Ȼ㲻ҪҲûҪӣֱӰȹӵƿš˫ϰŵһѪǰѪѪţҪѪԵЩɱ
Ѫʲôģһ㱡ĤƣѪ
Ҳֱ࣬ӰѪ˳˵ϡ
洩㣬ɫҲѪȾ죬ӿе㻬
ɴվҲɿ֣ЦˣĸӻǡΪ˶թӾȻ취
Ⱑ⡣
ܲкܶӣһҡͷ
ƹӺ⼸˰ѺɿˣҿŵϵѪҲһҲʲôˡ
治ҪȻķթӣŻҺӡҪҪѪʲôİġ
ͷʲô˶Уֱ͹ٸɡ


225»

ڳ˿˵ûһͬ麫ĸӵģʶƵŭͬʱҲ޸׼Ȼûڼҵʱ̹ҲǺóԺúȵĹš
ʱûϧǺڲϳ֮󵽴ۣܰǰ۰Ҳ䳰ȷġ
󴺺ĸӣǰֱӰѺץţ⼸λ˺ϵǰæӣֱӰĸӰ
ʵ˾ҪҲûǸ£ϾڳôˣЩ˻ûһվߵġ
ϿôģͲ˻
ãֱȥٸ̫˰״һҶǸ⿪û뵽ʶȤ
ٸߣ״ûҩأͿһȺѺźˣ󴺺͹ɺȻȺǰ档
ĳ׷ʲôɵˣϽǰǡ
ָźװҪթӣŻײҼװҵѪ
ѪҲΪ֤ݴˣ״Ʋ𺫱ĸŮ
Ϊġ
ûһøУһֵ˹ٸȻҪǰ鶼һ㡣
ɵһдĶó˵¾ǮһһҪǮ
֮ǰΪ˻һ徲ûҪ⳥ӣΪỻ˾̰ᣬһҲĴ
΢΢ͷһҶɵһβŹ
˹ؼҪ֪ǰɣҪ˸ﻹ
֮ǰ״Ѿ鴦ˣ˳Ǻֵܣһ˰״ҩҲԸǮֻҪ״׷ξͺá
ʵ˵뷨ܼ򵥣ڴŶඪҶԲ˵η滹ʭһȺһȺģ͸˵ˣ⳥ӣúôҲҪ⳥ʧ
һ뼸˶˲١
ȺѺȥٸ󣬾͸˵ˣʲô֤ݶڣҲѹûС
˵ǹҲġ
ڹϵĺ㰧ţ˵ĸŮôôףΪмҲܻأ֮ҲìܣڻҲ֮жҪҡ
һѱһģù̲סķۡ
п࣬пô
˵׾ǻá
֮ǰдı֤ٸһǱõģϾҲͨĹ֤ˡ
ɵˣеʧһ⳥ʮӡ
ʮӰǺܴһְ
үҲôӰүﰡ
ʹĿͷһιɺͰ״ȴûһҪ⳥ӡ
ֵܿҲ֧֡
Ա߹ŵ˵ˣǱƭģΪĻУ׼˲ܣҪȫǱƭİΪ
˿϶⳥ӣҲǿˣҪƲϵбҲǲǹָ˾ǹƻҪӵģ˵ֻҪҪˣǾҡ
ıĿź㰾Ǻҵ涼㶪ˣһζĴ
ɺͰ״Ԥϵһ㡣
֮ǰµҲ˭ԸΪеգǿӵһ֣³ã鲻һƸͺá
ֻǸпôкûӵģתҲ̵֪ܽˣҲȥ
ϲˣһ⳥ʮӣȻҲҪе⳥εġ
ûǮȻҲ޷ġ
ڹϴһ˰ͽη
ʣµӹٲȥҪһ㵹ð״͹˳ˡ
˹ã״˵˹Ҫõƶ˼ʳ𾪣ҲҪӣΪβԼá
е㲻⡣
ɳŰ״΢΢һЦƽ͵֮ǰûҪǸӣ˵幫ӵģ幫ΪƣҲ֧ģҲ꣬һǻʣ¼ӵġ
Ҳ޴ֻǾõ˿϶Ҫһ¡
ǹɵģ״ҲûʲôֻҪɾú֧֡
Ҫǹٲȥģͨд֪״͹Ҫ϶Ҫùٲȥš
Ҫ⳥ôӵȻһ֮дùٲڴĺ㡣
ҲպϢΪٲӣ֪淢ô¡
㱻ûһھΣҲһ㲻ͬ顣
Ҫһʼ㲻ҲǰֵַĸŰ׼ӣƾϺͰ״ΪҲΪһʳǰɡ


226쵽

أͺ㶼ǲˣȵӲҪԼһһУǵᣬ˵³ѾȥʣϾһжǻá
ʱŰҩ»ԭҩҩҲѡ˳ܶҩݶһһһֵѡܷѾ⳥Ӱ״ҲҩϣǮ󴺡
һжƽֵϵĻҶĻˡ
׼ڳҵҩúܺãƹãҲá
ùȵǳظдˣǾ壬ǸֵĳдģźܱպãʼŻؼҡ
ѾʶеҩݣҩҲȫʶ̵󴺵ˡ
Ӱǻ֮һֱûлؼңһҲûؼˡ
󴺻֮ҲûҪﻹкܶҪء
ʰǰ˴Ÿձ㿪ĵĻص˴ӡ
ѾкüûؼңϵĶѾԻˣ֮ǰһȦӷ
仯ԺĿյϴļӣЩӶΪɹҩ׼ģҲ׼ˡ
һ˺ܾûһˣɻصͱʶ
ǰŰ״ȥǵϢȻס֪ˡ
ó˳Ľϡ
Ϻ𾪣װŵĶɣʲôطģôһֵӰɣǲǰϵӶˡ
¹һǮˣкӴҿӦõģòôصĶɡ
֮ǰ·ϵʱصϿ϶Ҫû뵽ǡ
еίĿϵôŲҰ㿴ҵ֮һǮôǳС͵ģǳó͵ġ
Ѻͳʶ˵һ飬Űġ
⺢һҲ˼ôصĶôҲֵ߰Ӱɣ󡣡ʵôһǺϲģֻһ뵽ǲżһĳС͵ģôòա
ΣʱҲܾţ֪ܾ֮֮ҲܳΪѣ֮ﵹ򵽣֪ȴ
֮ΪԸĸı䣬߶ûм˵ϻѣƽܽӴĶǱʹģµĳ˭
żǻùµ˵֪ĻûصϲҴӽӴҲһĹ
ص⣬˵ҪǼסһʱء
гطǿģҲܾϲ
֮ǰ֪˺ܺãΪҲƣ˵ģҲûʲôСƢ˻ܺãȻӭʲôʱʲôʱġ
ϵĶӣЦеĶȻģҲ֪׶滳ŵǵܻܵã԰ֻȵ͸ϣҪ˵ǽġ
һ뵽ҪоͻϲһʱǺܹµģСĵܻܵҲãٶһˣһԹĵˡ
֮һ˿ھΣĹɵԴԲ㣬ûϺӣ㶮б£ֻ¡
ֻڶùɳԲ˵ĺˣҪǹԼȡ״ѧϰҩ״æҩӣôỳӡ
ҿ˵ûйɵĻѾɢˡ
ܲ˵ľϺ͹ھΣϱӵĲΪųܣⱲԸԼҲҪϺӡ
ɲҪ˵Ļȱ˭УҲ͵Ըְ״ʱԸ֧ңֲҩݣɽϲҩΪǵԵʣһֱ֧ҰĪҪ˵ЩˡھΡ
СİѽʰԼĶӵʱ䵹ˣҳԶҲˣˣ⼸ʲôʱҩƺҶȲˡ
ȻҪũæҩ׬ǮƺũæҲôҪˡ
һ㣬ֲʳһҲŻӣֻҪҩһ£͹һĳԳԺȺˣǲҩˡ
֮ǰտԲջƾ״˵ֲĻƾõģҲӣݺĻƾ͵ȵڡ
ҶæôʱģȵҶ˵ɡ
ŻؼһкܶҪһ£βι̵ȵȡ


227æ

һصرĶ֮࣬ǰȥϵʱͰе飬һЩҪȥġ
ԱߵĿյϴ˼ӣڴһζûֳʲô۶ӡ
漰飬Щ˵ûк֣Ҳǹ΢ġ
˵ɻˣϽϢ˳ȥ
ɲŻһ죬һλ֮ͣλ޸Ѹ
Ϻ͹ѸǶܲϲҪǿѸеķϣֻ»ֱš
Ҫ˵̫̫һӹÿɲ̤ʵ֮ҲûлСɽ÷ģɽȥ˺ҲңָˣѸĺǲǹĻ˵
ĿƣѸҲʡ͵ĵƣ޽֮ͱŰʱָָģŵ̬ĺˡ
ƫƫѸǸӸģп˵
۹أӹԽԽϻˣҪ˵ۺǼٵġ
̫̫˼ǸӣôϹкˣΪѵľǣϵĺӾҲǼûϵ
ˣչҩݵӰ֪̾һչҩݣ˵Ҽһ׼ˣֻŹһ£Ҿͽɽڲҩ
϶Ľժʱûиϣڲժҩݿɵøˡ
˵϶УҲ˵Ϻ͹϶û߽ؾͱˣʵǶ
ǣѸϡ
Ҫ˵Ѹ޸֮ҲңڣϾӣʲôùӵĹҲ
ֻǣ벻Ǻܶ࣬ܽǮࡣ
ժʱ֪ܶ˶׬Ǯ
ժҩݻ׬Ǯ
ôõĻôܹǴ˿ɾ͵úһˡ
Ҳ֪̫̫ߥ飬ֻҲԾˡ
ѸĶ棬Ϻ͹۲Ϊֱӽݣ࿴Ѹһ۵ġ
Ѹ˺ӻ֣ųɢʱһȦ˵Ů˶Ѹ
ѸڵеΣ֪ôɿڡ
죬ɿһɡ
΢΢üϲѸôȣ㻹ǽҹɰɣһкܶ飬˵ʲôֱ˵
ѸŭЩϲɵİȴҪװͰ͵ӣ֪֮ìܡô˵һѪ
Ҫ˵ɣҪ֮飬֮˵ɡ
̴ˡ
ĹͲϱǸĹⱲӵԼҪʲôԼʲô
׽Բһס
û뵽Ѹϵ׽ʽͷЦһɱ˵ŸһѪһԼģʲô¾͸Ͻ˵ǼҺһҳϹϵǹϱѵ֪ǼҸǼг Ͳ´Ц㡣
˵ЦЦĿѸ
˵ѸһˣĻһܿˡ
ڿǣܹƤȹ̫̫񰡣㿴ڹ̫̫͹̫үѹͲˣΪɶΪǸ
ɫΣЦһһ治֪֮ìһֱãôҲһˣûʲôìǻⲻġ
û뵽ݣ˿档
ʣ֪ΪЦˣеǲǣŶǿɲ֣У໥֣໥໥໥ĵģءôҼʲôҪǺĻȥҲԩǣʲô˵ʲôǲ֡
ҪǿѸĶӣҪѸǳİɣǰˡ
͹̫̫͹ּˣмҪء
ѸŹˣҲ֪Լ˵ȥ²ףο֪ǿ϶˺£㿴ϡ
ѸϣͻȻˣôˡ
Ҫ˵ѸɲţҪ𰡡
棬ѸҪ˵˵˵Ҳˡ
ѸЦһʵͦͬϵģ˵̫̫ˡ
㲻ǸýôɴѸĵЦֻѸҲҪŹӰɡ
Ѹɫһڵʲô֪ô޽ǼҵģҶ滳ŵǹĺӣܲҲˣҪҲ˵ģΪ˸һңӣΪͬҽš


228ǹҧ

ɺ𾪣⵹Ǵû뵽ľ飬ʵǹ̫̫
˼ȢϱǻӣȢϱ׬ӣȻ̫̫鴫
ѸܻԹɫȤɫҲǿ˱̫̫۸֮ǰû뵽ҪȻ˵ʲôҲ޽
ѸҼģһģҪ˵̫̫͹ٲҲûǰλ
ˣŮ˻ǡ
Ҳ֪ô˵˵ģȻЩǹе²ۡ
ֻѸȤ
˳ѸĻɵͷȷҹ֮ǰҲû
Ѹе־һӣͰ͵ɲ֮ǰûôܻ˵˵еӸܺã˵ҪΪ檣˵ĹѸܳΪСҲܽܣϾҲСˣֻû뵽ϱ̫̫ϳˣû뵽ǰôĻ¡
ЩҲ˵ģĿĿûǡ
ɵıƺ滺ʵ֪кܶìܶмģˣҾһͦõģȻɼˣô˵ҲھӲǣ˴֮ҲӦ໥չˡ
ѸתôһȦ˵ˣȤ
˵ҲûеЦѸ
ѸڼϵЦݣΪԼĻ˹ɣϽҶǼûһġ
ɿѸȻء
ѸͻȻеĲȥЦһǹղҩݣܸܲһȥ㿴ҲкˣӳҪӣôһҪ
ɶѸĻûжĸоĵܣ˲յҩҶգһҲյҩҲչ˭˭ȥ
ëŻӦչժҩݣƾŹһҶǼ£ҲܴӦ
Ѹѹĵķŭ˵˹ôãһЧûС
ʱŭˣվôСۣҶ˵ô໰㶼ԸǼңССôôĺء
ɾڻصѸװղŻһͰ͵ӣһӦ˲ͷ¶˱Ŀ
ôҪŻô
ҲֱվЦʵ˵ˣҪǿУŶôĺ㵹Ǹ˵˵ȥһҵˣǽȥ㺦ǼҼˣǲǻû˯ѣӻǺͿģ
Ѹƺһ̹ܲǼԽԽù˰Ҳû
⻰Ǹ˲ЦˣЦҡҡͷԹԼô˵
ûĵϽ߰ɣҸ㣬ҪҰⱲ붼룬ҼǺùˣĽˣ㣬һллǣҪ¶ôĵһҹƻڹв֪ѡ
԰㲻úúøлǡѸܰ˵š
ЦһսѸҧл˰ɣҺ޲ðǳιǣ޲ÿǶʮ˲Щ͹ƶʴȵĳͷˣҼȫΪһŬĽһҰǮĹϵû𣬻лء
ѸҲˣѵƤȹ̫̫ˣ
Ե˵лЦЦ
Ҳȥ˳ҪǼҰǣ붼룬˵ĶԣҲǣˣҲٵңɿʶ֪ҵĹӣϵúأҪǳ£һҶȥ״Σһ֪ŵɱ
ʵڸղţѸ˱˼˵Ļĺˡ
˵ĿɲǼٻҲ֪ʶ֪ҵĹӣ֮ǰ׸ҵĹҲ
˲Ϩ˱˼ǶҪչҩݣչ˭ĲһѲɻǼҵĺͱ˵İǲֿڷԶѣҲòǰɡ
ʵ̲סˣôг˳ָѸ˭ˣ˵У⻰ˣǼչҵҩݣҪұȥǾ仰Ҫǿ㻳źӣŶˣȻ
ĺܣǲһ˲һţѸˣ
Ѹܲ˵⻰ʲô˼ƲǼҵǲ
ĺܣû뵽һôӣôû𰡣ôɷġ


229ֱӸϳȥ

Ц˵г𣬸Ͻ߰ɡ
ЩͷˣѸġ
Ѹ뿪վԺ̺ݻ
ǡѸ˵һû꣬Щɻ߽ԺӣͷѸ뿪ЩĵǰôˣŮ˼ǳĺܡ
ڴӵ˵ģЩеѸ鷳תѸ˵˯֮ʹ߷磬˻ȥⲻһ
ɰѸĿ˵һ飬ҲΣ˵ôչǼҵҩݣôǳһˡ¶һε顣
ɵӶЦˣЦѾͷû취ˣǳӦõģҲչҵҩݰôǣ붼
Ͳÿһҹòá
Ѹ뿪ܶ˶ˡ
ȻһҲˡ
һԺӣü˶Χȥ
Źҵķһ۵вأһʼҪҪչǼҵҩݣ˵չȻͷˣ˵˺ܶĻ˵Сۼǳ𣬻˵һҲѪ飬˵ʲôһˡ
⻰ޡһ˵һˣһҵʱôһ˵ϣѪŨˮ˵⻰Ҳ˼
ʱһôȹĴ˶ˡ
Ȼܱ˵Щ
¿һӹú˾ˣú˵ûô
˳ӵҲ˵˭Ѹźӻأǰոǽڻ˵ֱӰ˳ȥһ١
ڶѸڴӵЩ˿ˣѸˡ
ֻһڵʱüͷǵ˵Ѹʱ᲻ʹĵľչҩݵʱѸƻ
ɿº̹ȻЩﲻõǣʱɽҩڼɹҩݣҴһЩĵߣʱ͹ܶҩݶҪأеæġ
йڼҾûôˣа취״
ѸߵĻصҡ
̫̫ྫһˣѸ֪ûɡ
̲סǵǲͬ⡣
Ѹĵͷֹǲͬ⣬ǰģŶҾͲˣһӻȥûܹһҺţˡ
̫̫̾ϢһжٶЩϧһεûԹɼЩ飬˼һҲ˵ͨ
˰ˣǰûвҩҲúúõģܰסɣȥȥˣڼҲ𾭳ţĸ˿ɶദԸ˵ĶǱĿĵġ
˵ҲǲѸȥǷǣǰոڵĹЩ
ǰѸҲûʲô˵ģ˼ҲͬˣԺ󶼰ĹӺˡ
Ѹӹò̹˵˶ûﻹǰĴأǴҲ̫ദˣСɽֳȥû
СɽݵģϳţϲŻͷľؤܼ˵ʲô
̫̫¶ʧǰӱкܴڴģڹɽˣСɽģȥһСɽ⺢ʵȢһϱȹȥһŮ˻ɡ
Ѹˣ֮ǰ͹СɽҲ֪ҪΪ˸ĺҸҲͬһ
Ʋе㲻ﶼ˻ϱһ˾Ͷһ졣
Ϊĺӿǣ֮ûӰɣ̫̫͹̫үһҪļҲöġ
ԣ̫̫ۡ
ֻ⻰˹̫̫ĲһѸô˵أôҲСɽĺѵСɽһ˶һûֲзġ
ݵĽӴ֣ѸѲܶ࣬ǰӵҪʲôһ۾ܱ˿΢һ¾ܼŭ˺ױƿء
ѸһʲôѸУȵʱڹߴ߷磬˵ĺնġ
ҲҪСɽҲ⣬ǵĹСɽԺҲô
ĵЦɫȴԵĿѸ
̫̫ŵѸû̹һ컨ϽȥҹСɽɣ˭֪ȥˡ
˵Լ䡣
һԵĹ̫үһֱû˵̾Ϣˣ
ͻȻûȥյʱ򣬹ϻǼҸɻ͹̫̫Ͳµء


230»

ǸʱТ˳ǣÿһ궼ʳǣһʱһжˡ
ɽˣźˡ
ֲ׬ǮСɽÿ춼ӰһͲǺദģƻк˵£Ūλµˡ
Щǰӡ
̫̫Ҳһǰðٲõû˹ܡ
һϧѺ˱˵ʲôˣҲֻһ·ߵˡ
ǰմһ飬ڲʷġ
̫үȤ͹ʷﶼˣϾҪŮǿǮ˻óױأôôܿǮء
ֱӰѹһ̣СŮʷԶһλôҲδ߶
Ů̫үûʲôھΣŮ綼Ҫ˵ģ޸˭ǼޣǸ˹һӡ
˻ǮҲûҪǶøжĸĲװɣϾô꣬ܲüһʼױȥɡ
̫̫̫үһֱ˵̫үҸ˵أôشҡ
̫үĲ⣺˻˵ʲôͲ²ʷӹòãǰ
ѾˣҪٻһҪǮŮøס
̫̫⻰ȴЦˣһ⣺Ҫӹòһܸ˵ôʷѾͷҲǸõģԷȻǸ򣬵ȥ˼̹׬˲أ˵éݷש߷
޽ש߷˵ǺõģϾڵĿɽ壬һɫ
ĵĹ̫үȤˣ˶˾һĺ˵˵ô¡
̫̫ҲһϾô궼ûϵ·;ȽԶżȻһ֪ϢҲܶࡣ
üͷҲ֪ҿˣ͵㶫ȥ˵ھΣľʲô˵ҪĵĿ϶û
̫үǰһѵ롭
ͬʱ¶Цݣ̫̫ȴһĵ
ɻشϢǳ˳һ㣬ӵ˵ȫ֪ˡ
һžкõˡ
ĵĸ˽ʲôʱչ֮ǸʱҲũæˡ
õϢǶɢȥҲʼҪõĶ
º˫õϢҲǰĻ֡
ѾǰѼе鶼ˣʵϻеʱɾͽйȥ
Ϻ͹һϼƣûҪԾʱûа˼
Ҳкüˣ֪Ϣ֮æŴ飬ⲻŹչϡ
ɵʱûչ˵ϣҺҲûչ˵ɣھ˺ܶꡣ
лչȻҪ
ңôͻϺѾܲףȻҪСһ㡣
ǰѷ׼ˣ֮ǰҲר̸һӣº˫סԺ˯һŴ
ĺӵҲڼƻȵ֮Ϳ޽ˡ
ʱ׬ǮһҪ޽һķӡ
ʱϺ͹϶Ը뿪ӣԼҲҪڴչҩ׬Ǯ֮һһɡ
֮󣬼ߵ쳣
ʲô˰ˡ
Ͼй̫̫͹ɣ϶ǷſڣŪϻ²ϰߡ
Ҫչҩݺܶ࣬ǰһɽÿһֶüݣĥŵȵ֮úõĽһ
棬պһ˺ܶˣɰҪյҩݶҿˣȻԸȥҪô֮ڼˡ
º˫Ҫɽҩģɺ͹ȴ˼С
ܶҩҪϴģľˮ²ãڴ漸˼Ҫˮ͵Ŵҩݹ
ȻϴҲֻǵһ죬ԺҩݹɶҪġ
³ɽַḻҩȻܶ࣬ܵĴӶ䶯ˣҼҶ˳ȥҩ
Һܴģ֪Զţܶ˶ĥŵȰ½һǮ
󶬣Ұջ飬ɳΣأĸݵȵҩݶչ
갲ɽ֮б
֮ǰɾ˵ҲҩͲҩƣҲΪҩִ
һ쿴Ҷܺ
оڴھ飬ժܿҩݣҪװá
ʱֽ˹Ҳǹæµʱ
º˫ĬģϾҪŹɳҩݶҪһһ
ɺļ˺ܳĶ飬˵϶ϲãǹġ


231¼

ɼҿ˵رͬڹ伯С
ҶûҪӣΪ˵ˣǮһΣǮʮһΡ
ɽ˶ѡһ½һΣϾһεù
˿ôæҲ˼һΣܶĬĬѡʮһΣҲļ˹ɵĸ
ֻйһûиڲҩ
̫̫ȥɻһžֺģΪʲô¡
֪һ߽Ķҩˡ
ⳡƾʲôƾʲôܹˮôҩһ׬Ӱɡ
æǼһ£ֱӰǼƲǼҶΪЦ
ܶ˶˵飬ŽҪƫƫֻԹһҺãһˮ˲ƽ
ڹɼҺˣһϵûˣһֱ²Ҳ˺ӣǿơ
һھΣڱ޳⣬ϵĲԽԽǿҡ
Ӳҩݻű¨ųͷܺãһ׬˶ʮǮؼϢϢ˵Ͳۣôõҵõ
·̲סС
ûжԶͼ̫̫Źɼң˫Ŀ֮͸һԹޡ
Ʋ̫̫뵱õһˣأΪŮТ˳ĹԴϱϻϺӵ£һֻ۱һֻۡ
ǲƣŪùϾ˹ϵһƾԼŬıúùˣ߷߲ƽˡ
֪ʲôƽģԼģһˮ΢ƽһͲ
ＵԹʲôãЦŹ̫̫ڸء
̫̫εĿһӣתߡ
ӳŹ̫̫ıӰСֹ֪ˣαص
⻰ʱù̫̫ˣͷһӵ˵ʲôأ˵ʲô֪ˣαص
Ӳ̫̫ܣЦӱҲ֪죬û˼˵˵ѣɻбµģ㿴ڴӺö˶أҶڿɣ˵ҩͦ׬Ǯģϧû·ӣֲҩݡ
ʵ˶ĽһңĽĽûмǲġ
ɸŰ״ѧҩʱ򣬴涼˵ʱɲûзŬѧϰнĳɾͣҲӴ󣬶ðʱôΪʶԹޡ
٣׬Ǯ֮ûǴҡ
̫̫ƺһмĿŹɼҵķɪʲô˻ῴʱҩ˭
һ⻰ˣָŸŹ׬Ǯأ̫̫ô
˵㼵Ҳ˰ɣ˵Щǲǹһ㣬ҩȥҲ׬ǮĿ˰
ܲˬ̫̫
̫̫øֱִת뿪
¸¸ô
ɲ֪̫̫֮£æ֮ѾǰҹоҪɢˡ
Ϻ۹ɣɺȣòһ塣
ȫȻȴܿģҩչǺܶ࣬һãɹ
ϰ˵ǰţ۵˵Ҿ壬㿴ǻһֱæͣ
ЦЦҲһҨһ롣
յøЩҩôƣһæ
ɵȷæⲻչʱһ˾æҩݺܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
Ϊһչܶҩݻϴ
һ˵ģҲ࣬ȵ֮ͺЩˣʱϴҩݡ
糵ǰݾ͵ϴкܶҪҩģ϶Ҫϴһ顣
Եڶģһ˾æµ
º˫Ѿɽҩܶ࣬׬ǮĻҲģϾˮ¥̨ȵ£ɻǲʲôҩ׬Ǯ
һżնæȻģҩ飬ϴҩϴҲһĻһȻæµȴܳʵ
ӱĵطСһϿ߹ɼҵ£˵һżǣڴеˣڴе˶ڸŹɲҩɾǲչǼҵģȷ˵ˣ˵ĶҪǲҪǼҵġ
⻰ùֱŭˡ
Ͳʲôˣӵܿĺ
ǹһҶѸ̬ȣȻеߣǸϳȥģôܡ
ѸĻ̫̫̾ϢòС
Ǽ֮ԻζƵ˹һϡ


232¹

ǣôҲû׬ʲôӣڼ׬ǮȻļǲ˵ڵġ
Ϊһ˵ھ֤ˣڣжһŻҪôй
ֱ壬ŵù̫̫ס˹嶯ôֻҪ鷳նǳԿ
֮ǰ鷳նǳԿĽЩ飬ܾһҪ鷳˵ԿĻǡ
Ѿûˣڻ˴˵Ц
ÿ𵱳Ϊ˽ԼӲô񣬵¹Сɽ͹ɽٳȢϱھΡ
ھѾûʲôˣǰôֹȥ¡
Ѹˣ˲󰡣һ뵽һɫƵĸܣòߥ޹أֹ̫̫ˡ
бһ۹̫̫ﵨôôСأ͸ȥְҪȻһΪǺ۸ˡ
̫̫ĺܣӣǸԼҲʹ찡ָѸ㶮ʲôǼ£ҲһˣÿһζǳԿ˵ҪǼȥԿĻ˭
ǣͰİɣֲϡ˵űŹԺߡ
̫̫úܣϽ֮󣬹ȫĻˡ
ǰģ˵ʲôǵͷͬģ֮󣬲֪ڹߴʲô߷磬ŪùȫĻ
һ뵽ĺܣȥֱӶԺſڵ׼ȥҪȥ
̫̫סˣǲǰİǰͲ¹һңΪǼǮ㶼ˡ
ھͲˬһңǰ涼ûм˸Ҹ˵ڵãһҳܻӭˡ
ԽԽ̹ǰҪõЩ˼ңҲĸϵòˡ
һǹЩ˵ʲôԵЩҪԶ
̫̫Щ鷳ʲô˼Ҳûʲô飬Ҿгޣȥ˼ûʲôɫҲȫܹģĪҪͿˣ׵ĻԹԵĻȥɲԡ
ԣһҪҵģǼڱȫЦȥһҲҪڴˣһǹŴ˵ʲôڴ˶Զǣչҩݣ˶ҪչΪʲôͷҪų⣬ⲻŸѿǼҳΪҵЦôһҪȥģܹ̫̫ô˵Ҫȥ
ģŹŵǷйЩͷ˼Ǯ˾Ͳȥ鷳ˣҲ֪ǲҪͽԷ
⻰һ֪˵̫̫̫̫òУҪȥͽҪȥͽĻڵûôʱ򣬲˶Ͼϵˡ
һһΪ˹ڶҲˡ
˵ȥͲȥǳȥˣʲôǲܵġһᣬ˦ֲˣǹҪȥֳʲô϶ʡ
Ƴһ۹̫̫ҪܣǻǷּҺˣСɽһҸϻжĺһ
СɽǸҲܣûõĶֻҪһ˵ŮˣŮˣķɡ
԰ͲðѹСɽӸ̫̫ңá
ԺˣŬһ㣬ٺú׬һӣ˵ףӲҲùˡ
СɽҲɽһ˸ϡ
̫̫סˣû뵽ּҡ
һһŵѸʱ̫̫ˡ
һѸһߥ޵ģ֪ѸˣٶҲѸš
˵ʲôˣô˵Ƕġ
Ѹʵ̫ˣȻȻ
ּʲôô
ϵҶûӣҲϣѲѸӺܶࡣ
һ뵽ֻ̫̫ȻȫܣѸǰ֣Щָֺ
ﻹһҵ˵
Ѳǲϣ
ǵĺԺԽԽѸһĻصŮˡ
Ǻڲ
֪ˣαص֪Ͳˡ
ͨ˹ؼĿŹ˵ĵ棿
ĵͷŹ̫̫жһ˿ȴûǰء
˵ģҲƼңҪѼҸ϶ԸģֱӷּҰɣҲСɽڵӣûʲôȥҪ㲻Ҳˡ


233´

Сɽ͹ɽʧرǹɽ˯һº˯˾˯ôˣܱȱ˯˺ð
˵ǸŮȻζðһЩѹֵôŬĹ͹Сɽ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
ѸȸԾû뵽ôΪ룬Ȼ뵽ҵˡ
ʵңһֱѸԼڻԼӣҸ˹̫̫ӺԼҲûʣ¶ˣڶģĹĻһġ
񣬶Ķˣ׬ֻŸŸּ̫̫ңʵ̫ˡ
̫̫һźرĽ
ʱҲܹˡ
ͿҪּ̫̫ңʱֱԺ潨һΧǽֱӷֿԺ۲Ϊ
̫̫ЦˣЦˣõԼĺɵӦõġ
ѹ˶˵ϹǰΪ⣬ǴĽʣ˵ģڿϹ
ڴ˿̣̫ү˳ɫܺڡ
еĹֱ˹ϽŮ˲ŽӽûأȻŸǷּңǸʡĵĲߣҲʼǲǣҲãҪּûֱӸӣԺϲҲҪˡ
ĺܣӾҪȥǹһ㡣
ǣǰԼȼģأȻҪּҡ
һǱŮ˹ƻˣûһϢ
һˣûа
Ѹ϶ҲͬģӿɲСĿƾʲôҪ̫ү˵ǲܣڴҶ֪һҸ̫үûϵǸӣֻԺλϲҲǹܣƾʲôƾʲô
ǲԸ˵ģȻҲǲԸġ
ЦһⲻôҪǲͬˣҲֻ˵˵ѣ˵ˣҶҲǵӰҲ˿ǵЦҿҪȻͲҪȥǼˡ
˼ҪҪּ⣬һۣѸĻʱֱͦŵңһҪң˵˲ίģǱּҵ˵ȥǼˡ
˵ֱӰѹ̫̫һԣ밡˼Ҷ۸ˣǲȥ϶˵ȥһҪ֪ûк³ģģʲôһ˵š
̫̫У̫үȥֻȥֳʲôҲܡ
˵곶Źֱ̫̫ӽˡ
Ѹֱӳ˹ҡ
ã͹ɹҩݣΪӴ˺ܶ㣬ƽҲֻͨãҪ˵̫ɹĻһ治ɹ
ÿһ˶ҪԻһеҩݶɹ̫
ŪԺļӣվϣԶԶľͿѸ͹ڵ߹
Ͻ¥ݣߵߵҿڵĹˣѵʲô£
˵̫ˣڵģе߲ơ
Ҫ˵ǼгޣһһĪˡ
ԣҪ˵ǳǼģԼš
ҲϽؼҡ
Ժأ¹ֱȥ鷳
˲ߵſھ͸ײˣһĶŹͻȻǰȥĲӡ
һжЩͻȻⲻùû뵽ǹû뵽
ӦʱѾϣڱֱӷ˲Ťһ
ˣҲЩ£û뵽˻ֱӴ
ȴվһź͡
򣬸Ĵ
⻰ǰһѸϡ
ۡһѸ˳
ֱ˸Ѹľ룬ĿѸٸҶһ䣬Ҳ˺졣
ʲô˰ȻֱӾʹˡ
͹˴Ҳܼҡ
ȻԺϺ֡
棬ѸһЩǣڴ˿̣·Ĺһ˹Ķϡ
˴Ǻ˵ġ
رʱ˶ʢŭ֮£ҲҲ
Ҳһôһֱѹ˵ҪǣɽĲɱǺ֮𲻹졣
񣬹һ£˭̣˭̡
³ɺӿͷϵҲ˺ܶ࣬һȭͷһȭͷڹϡ
ϺվһԵĻˣǰ龰ൣˡ
ɵ϶ĺӣϽǰ档


234´е

ɵϻ˺Եǰ棬Ĺ۲Ź͹
֮Ĵ򶷣һǲ岻ֵġ
ڹѾռϷ磬ԱѹŴζܽ
ǰǹ۸񿴵ζȳǻ
һȭͷ˹ؿڣһߵ˹ϥǴ
˿ǴۣЩ⣬ǰ᲻ģڹȻݣȫۣرǸȣоԼġ
̫ˣǰ
ܲ˹ȭߣǵ˺͹֮ľ롣
⣬е㺦µĿŹ֮гη塣
ǰûùӲһ֮󣬲ĸܵǿᡣ
ԹҲ˸ʶ˾ӲرǰʱڣѾǿӲоȻηС
ڿҲòһˣתùЩû뵽
пƵúܣ۾Źŵһĭֻĭ֮ɺ죺㣬ϱΪʲôҪ֪У
ֺˣйʲô£ѵһźɣŵֲҵĺӡ
⻰ùֺˣû뵽ôݵʱһֲҵĺ˵úãѸǳԱӾͺЦ
սȭͷе΢
ֻǣͲڵ
ָŹ㻹ôӶкǻΪѣôǼҺá
⻰ǵϲˡ
Цһ֣Ǽ˵һЩǲĵĻǼңҲûɣǵ˵ǵΪðɣȻΪΪôǾΪѣֻϣԺǼҵȫҪǰ
ӹúúõģѸƫҪţֵòȴˣ˵˭
ûʲôһ;÷ꡣ
һۣǰûôЫĳ
ڮٵĻˣǾú˵˵˭Ыĳô겻˭ģҪ˵ϻУ׶滹кأǼ˵ЩﲻˣҲ֮еİɣ˴֮˭ĺݣҪٳ˵ô㣬Ǽҵ˲ôױ۸ģǰǣڲֵأҲأԿʲôʲôȥɣҪǲٴһ
ѸЩۣڵ޲ǰŤ򣬵Ҳ֪ƾǹɵĶ֡
ˣֻܸɿŹŰ裬һʯͷܡ
ᳶ˳ղҰˡ
Ȼ֪ϰˣһǿŹϵģ˵һȵͷҡ
ҧָŹɶݺݵҲƽϣҲϼƽϣֻһơ
ЦˣЦŹ㻹䣬ҿԹһԡ
ǲµģҲ˵ԱߣҪֲˣӲ򲻹ѵ֪Ӱڵɲǰ㱻۸
ҲбһԣӺͶҲڣͺúǰһô۸Ů£Ǵô˭ᰡ
ǰ۸Ϻ͹뱨ء
ϼ״ԣһһЩǿˣھֻܹ򲻹Ҳĸɴ򣬶ĺӿɲܵǺòײŻϵġ
߰ɣһǮˣ˵Ҳˡ
ʹͷͬŶŶǼڿɲˣҪٸֱᣬﻹҪôϻ
϶ûֹɣԽǿԽģ洫ԵЩ˵ԼĹúãҪġ
ϵĻһ̨ףҵ̨£Ѹ뿪
ղҲ˼´򣬿ˣһֱۺȫߵ˹ɸǰղֱͦӸϾһơ
ɿһѸ뿪ķͿ̬ȣΪԼ˺ȫ˶ǹ߳ë˵ˣûǣڵҪòһϣһϣؼϱϻɶ񡣡
⻰Ϻͬǰıˣȴһһ֪ùģȥֻҲ鷳


235ɶ

ѾˣʱһֱҪչϣֱܷ֮Żؼҡ
ڣ϶ŵġ
ֻҪžֱᣬŻû᲻ˡ
Ѹ͹Ȼˣжв죬˭졣
ѸһίţʱĿۡ
ٶùӷƣɵ㿴ʲô
Ѹۣ۷ղűǴˣû뵽çͦ󡣡
΢һ㣬ϾѸڹͬŮˣǰϾͲ
һ뵽ϣüͷǸŮڻܺ룬ֻҪû룬нȥǮ
뵽סѸ֣ίˣ׼ȥسһˣǱ㾡ŲҪȥһʱ䡣
ѸسǾϣͷһȥسʲô
ǹϾ鸴ȼҲϱӻʱҿûĵطϾ̫̫֮ĹϵɱҪúܶࡣ
ҹСɽڻڼأ˵ķּҲûгɹͷĽš
ĵŮΪ뿪ҾܹӣȻûҲûô׬ǮǲǸòãĶӣĺΪأȻҪǮúһ
ǵѸ˲˾񣬿Ҳ
˫ֱס˹ֱۣӶ˹ϣǺģùá
ɼҲûΪӰ٣ȵ뿪֮󣬹ֿʼҩ
ҩĶѾ飬ϴɾҲϴ˸ɾʱչҩݺܶࡣ
ʼɹҩѾˣװŷڱȽϸĵط
ȥǻᵢ鲻ٵʱ䣬ҲٵĶԹ׼ȥһˡ
ʱ䣬һʮ쵽Ҳøҽˡ
æµһϣÿÿˣȻȫøøӡ
ҩͬҲʱ䣬մҩ֮󣬶û뿪
ɿʼһһĽ㡣
Ϊ˷㣬ҳ֮󶼻ᵥдһݸҩݵˣ˿̴Ҵ֮ǰӣԱ˱ϵ֣ɲŪ̡
ӶͭǮŵԶԶĳӣرõģûۡ
ĵĪڴˣڴӵ˶ܸˣ֮ǰ˹˵Ự˵ɿ϶ûôӸңҲ˿ɽ˵֮󣬲ų׵Źɡ
õӣҲǴЩ˵Ự˵õˣһʲô˵ġ
һǮӣֻҪ˵ӣԷ
һжȻ
Ӹڴĸ˺Ϥ˿̸ѾõӣǼҾһ˸ҩʮʱ׬ٶǮһʺܴ֣ܺãʮʱ䶼ڲҩҪǽȥһֱѩ϶׬һӵģǰһ굽ͷ밡
ˣȥ֮ŮɷҪɽҩݣһСȡ׬һǮ
Կӵʱܸмлл㰡ҪһֱȰҸҩݣҶ֪ôõ¡
ǰǲŹɵģϾһСѾͷµĲǹǮôڿһжˣɸǮʹ죬ǹҵǮһ֪вٵӡ
˿ޣҲй⣬˶˲٣ǣһܿ㲻ɣȰ㻹ҵĻǴӵһǸժ˵ģǸʱɶûôӣǮǿ˹Ǯ˵˲ֵΣʲôֵΣֻҪҩݺãôӡ
⻰˵úԺ뵱ǲҲе㲻Źɣϸһ룬ǲƭҵġ
ǸһժԺùˣǰʱ򻹵õĹ⣬񲻵ˣΪˣ˸ҩ׬߰Ǯ࿪ˣֻǼûҪӣһ½һΣһֱӶãͭǮöˡ
̵ģϴЦ⣺˵ĶǶԵģֻΪβȥӡ
ӲҲͭǮҲطţһǵȵһ֮ٽӣԼжأֱӶãŷ㡣
⻰ø˺ͬһҲһ½ˣ㶼Ҳ¡
׵˹ɣŹǸɴˡ
˴ҵӣҲ˸ģ뷨Ļкܶ࣬Ȼⶼǹڲ֪ġ
ȸҽ꣬ǰǮҲˣʮѾˡ


236ҩ

Թ˵ʮܻǿɹ۵ġ
ӻֽȸУҲǰĶ
֮һ뵽ûˣ׬Ǯĸ
ܺã칫ĵһҩȫɹ˳
Щõӵĸڴˣڼɽûӵ£֪˴𰸡
ǣڹɽ֮󣬺ܶҵ˹ɣԼԸһ½һӡ
õ˵һӣҲˣȻŹɲˣ֮ΰɡ
ڴҶ֮ĵ죬ʼ仯ڡ
ʱҶģ꣬˿ɫȴüһĵúܣⳡ
Ҳŵҩкܶ໹ûɹɣĻʵġ
Ҳ֪һҪ¶ãﲻɸӵġ
˫ȴɹõҩͰȥڼҪǻس˿ɲã⣬ҲҪӻ
ϸһĥմӦˡ
ȷڲûжϣ֮ǰʮӳȥǮûǮˣû˲ôİ
еĻﶼᵽ˳ϣϴźص档
ûдһȥȴдһù˫Ǹƹúƹתء
һ뵽أϾ̲ס¶Цݡ
ѾͷҲ֪ôˡ
û꣬˫ֱ뿪
æеҩݸĶ˳ûеҩݶõͨ磬ʱ棬ӵһѻ𣬸ɲڻȼš
¶ȵ˲٣Ϊ澡ָ
ѹѹһƬĺƣܵĿ
ɽҩû꣬ܲɶǶ١
ɸȴæ֮ǰеҩݾĴɣԱⷢùá
һһ죬
겻պʹôºͣһ¹һɵϢɺϲζ
վſڣԺӵǵҲ֪˾ˡ
˻·ϣһô󣬲֪ûꡣ
ȴһֱʱ䣬Ӧڸأ׾ͰĺˣҲµġ
ҩݣߵʱкһʡǮҪһҪҿջסҩݱڸһĵط
˫͹黹Ǻܿ׵ģܰ鴦á
ϻǺܵǣȴˣͱˣкӣôʲô鶼׵ģ겻ðʧߵģ㿴һ֮ҲˣǴ̫
һÿ죬ȥҲ죬ɺôһ
ΪҩݻʵģɲţҪȻûˡ
֮󣬿ܵɽһƬƣԶǺͮͮĺҶ
գ³ɽļڣҲ˵ļڡ
ɺϲڣǰɽеһ֮һжôĿɹ
žɫҲ̲ס࿴ۡ
ڶһ˴̫ϲ£һͷɽ֮С
ûиŽɽҩҪŹڼɹҩݣôҩݶðɹڼϡ
ҪŸɻȴֹǳһϢ
ϸоҸɵʱͦһӻڵɻǸʱ̫̫˵ǰŹ͹ʱҪ˻ڵڵء
Ҳ̫ˣҵŮ˾ûġ
ϻŹСɽʱ򣬹̫̫ȴǱһ㣬ڼúϢҲûǸʱеĻѹͷϡ
Ǹʱף̫̫˵Щֻǵѡ
ڣõԼ׵ĹģôܲҸ
£ҲҲҲһ˲еˣ˵е㲻ϰߡ
ڰֵĻͬͰϢĺҪɵСһ㣬Ǹɵ˵Ļô
״˵ϵúúŲУϾôͻϺӡ
Σֻܷ漸ҩݡ
ֻҪһҩɾ͵æµ峿һ𴲾ҪɹҩݣиҳؼžǷԺҩݣʱİԻеҩݶɹ̫ÿһҩݵַһЩС
°Ÿվͺ۹ˡ
ȥúϢһɣҸоۣ㻹һֱء
û뵽ÿ


237ʮ

ɲŪҩݣ̧ͷЦЦҲۣҩݶɰ׻ӣҸ˵ʮ㣬Ͳۡ
˵ǼٵģֻǲȷҩݶӣһûҲжˡ
ʣô׻ӣǲǾһ㲻Ҳֵá
ң͵͵㣬ǰһٶҩ϶׬ʮӣҪֻ֪
һαժʱ֣Ϊժҩݵ̫࣬ÿ춼ҪչǧҩݣҲܻŬջܴ
ץץԴһЦҾ벻Ҿÿͦ۵ģҵܲˡɽϲҩֻҩݣڼͶˡ
ͣķҩݣһö̫£治֪ôֵġ
µĻֻЦЦ֧ŬµĶӣĥһ֮԰Ѽķ޽ʱ޳ש߻иԺǽķӣһҲôӵ
߹˫Ѿ˰ǣһ·ǳ˲ٵĿͷ
Ϊ֮ŢԼʱؼңŢ·ϱסѾ۲ŰȻ˰ǡ
˫ڶǣһΪȥ¥ԷؼҴ˺þã˵һļ䡣
һǣĿҲˣһϿûʲôӣһһӣ˵Ǿ޿ˡ
Ȼҩȥһ䣬ɩӺΡ
ãֺͽ϶ûʲôΣӣȻ˵ҪԼһ㣬ʰҲǺҪġ
ͬҲ黨һ黨᲻ôһм壬᲻ôء
ԼŮԼۣҲмǮ黨ǹˡ
˳ҵҩãͣ°׼ͳ˳
׼Ҳû뵽˫кܾϲ
ɵ˰˫һ·һˣ룬ЩɡЦек˽ҩá
˫͹ͬʱڰ֣Цһͦصģһ·ҲϢˣõġ
׼˺ֻܼεǰæҩ⼸λҩͯҲںƹк³æ
֮ǰر˺ƹһҪúкԼҩȻҵ
ʮҩİ˺ԺΪ˷㣬֮ǰͰÿҩд֣ʲôҩҲһĿȻ
һιɴĽúƹ˺ܾãȻһεҩ˺ܶڴ
һҩı򿪣ƹְǰһӵҩץһѳƺܺã˵ɫƷ
˺üҩݣƹ⡣
ǹ۹⣬ǰ˵ɹҩݺܺãһʧһе㻳أû뵽ѾͷܸɣϹһܸɵŮ
пò˵ָϲˣҩݵɫ󣬻ƷʵǺܺõġ
ƹ޹Ц⣬ֻеۣΪЩҩݷ˺ܶ˼Ŵ̫淭ҩأ˵һҪƳúƹҩݡ
ǹ˵ԭΪɾãչ̫ˣһεźƹ˵ЩûҲǵãΪúƹչҩݣͬķ˼
ƹͷ͹̬ȡ
Ժҩݶһܶҩݰɡ
ҵҩúܶ࣬ҪҩȻҲ࣬ڰչҩݣҲԷֵĵȥԲҩꡣ
ߣɵҩݼ۸Զչһ㣬ؼǳɫã˭֪ҩⶫü٣ƷҩЧãһЩûƺõҩݣùҩݲβܻΪҩˡ
ʮҩһ֮ȫһʮӣɰѹ˫һ˵ⱲӶûôӡ
𾪣ʮҩʮӣ
׼˽˫𾪵ıЦˡ
ɵȣһмʮһļǮʮǮҩݼǮҲܹģ飬֮ģƷôãʮǮġ
ƹͷͬҪ˵Ǯֻһļ۸㲻øߣҩݼǮԸһģǵҩãǮһ㡣
ܹ׺ƹ˵ʲô˼ҵܵ꣬ܵҩ·ֵȥֵļǮȻҪܵĸߣĻ鷳Ҳ˵Щֵ˻᲻֪͹֮ĺѹϵ
˵ػҲ鷳ҺƹǺˡ


238³

ƹҲȽչˣһȫܹܰ
ֱֱӾͿԻؼң㲻˵
ǼҶɵģ˵֪ڲڣ˻еż
ƹҡҡͷԶˣֵЩҪȥˣ֪к£
Ͻѻеż˺ƹɸСżƹæתһ¡
ƹ׼˵ɺͳʶ飬İżӹǽҪڰסһɣסҩøڵĿջҸϰϤǮҲܱˣҪǳС㿴żʲôҲôȥ
ſ϶ϵ͵еģƹǿųسģͳǻõӣҲϲúܡ
ڿ϶ҪվڳصĽǶȿǡ
Ѿʱ֣˫Сһ£û֮ǰƻֱ뿪ģΪҪؼҡ
һԵİ׼Ҫ£˳жùȥϽɵ˫壬ҪǾ£ҲЩҪҵͷǶλ
ԥĹ¾ʹӦˡ
Ӿֱȥ˸ڵĿջס£ǮĺܱˣͨͷʮǮͬƫƧջˣȻҲմ˺ƹĹ⡣
ߺƹֱð׼ȥҡ
ⲻǰ׼һȥңһǸųһȥģԿŵСʶ׼
żСˣ˵ǹдСģС˲ҵ̾ȥˡ
׼лžŷš
ߣؿ˹дţ˶ȸԾ˵ŵ˵ţûлţ̷ɱȥŷ
׼еɣôҩҲ֪ôɹɵģ϶۰ɣһͺ۹ɡ
ųһĨǳɫȹڳ֮У׼̧ͷȴһǰŮӳһ˫ǻ˵۾ǳǳľѣ˿Ц棬ƺʲôĵ飬ŮǳɫȹӣźɫĶ£ͷһ֧ȴһɫˮεС׹
׼ڴصʱ򣬳ҲںĿŰ׼
һ۾Ƴ׼ӦòС˻߻ƣŰ׼ӢͿлֹôûˡ
ιǲǣ˭С˵ҩ£
С˲Ǻ˽׼ֻǰ֪ĸ˵ˡ
׼иɻ󣬿´粻ҩûưɡ
׼վųصͷɵĸ磬ҩøŴѧҽŸɵ˰ǣдżҵҪСûлţлŵĻҺôȥ
һ׼ǹɵĸ磬˾񣬺Ǿȵɵĸ簡
֮ǰֻû뵽ŵǰ׼
׼ҲӳϸܵͣûдСƢкøС
΢΢ͷһЦ뿪ǵʱС㣬˵СһλȤˣϲСһˣСɷлأһŻҩá
еŵôѧҽ
زһЦſ϶У׹ӸϢᣬдż鷳ӴʱҸ֮һȥϿɵġ
׼Ҳû飬ųȥ˻һ·ϳغܺɵһУʶġ
׼һһ𣬲Ҳûпֺõ˼
ȵذżдø׼Ͱ׼֮ͻȻЦð׼͹ɶǺȤˣ˵ȷֵһֱύ
׼ֱȥ˿ջѳдõż˹
ҩû飬˫Ҫ˷˸Ǯ֮뿪
֮󣬹˫ص˴ӡ
ãһ֮ż춼죬Թ˵ѵõĺ
ڹ˫ĹҲùһ֮ǰһֱš
صֱӹԺţصŪùɺ϶Щš
˫֪ΪʲôվһЦ
һĺܶˣĽѣû뵽һҩľȻʮӣĲСĿˣǰһһҲ׬ô࣬ڶ̶̵ļʱ׬ˡ
Ȼȷ࣬һƺֵõġ
ɱŪе棬֮ôˣӣǲ˺ܶӰ
ܲµľˣĻ벻
һȦϻ֣Լµһν˶ӡ
֮ǰɾйֻۣЩҩĵļǮ֪Źʮӣʮӣ
Цҡͷһصģ
Ǽ˫


239¹滮

˫ܲ˹ֹӵӣŵ㵹˵㲻˵ҿ˵ˣⲻǸżô
˫ǽӣùɺ϶Ц
һЦ˵˵˶١
кڴŹɺ͹ôɹҩݣȻܶ׬һ㡣
ǵһҩȥǣҲ֪ӡ
˫һЦЦŹڸ˵˰һʮӡ
ǰŻˣȵĿ˫ʮҩʮӣ
ˣû뵽Щҩô󣬱ΪʮӾ͹ˣȻʮӣ֪֮ǰһɹõҩݣǰǮ˴ҵģҲ˵һҩ׬ʮӣ׬˰
Ҳû뵽ô࣬ҲЩ⣬ɵʵʮӣ
˫ĺãЦɲô࣬ӵʱĶúأǵһμôӣһҲ׬˰ɡ
ûмҲûĽֻдĵ׵Ϊɿġ
Ϊлرġ
ֺǺǵЦţģȻģ˾˺͵ҲˣȻź˳ŰѴд峤һԷдҲýˣǮҹƻʣʮӣЩһθ˵Ǯ
ԼʮӣҩֻǺСһ֣˵׬ʵҩ棬ȵЩҩݶ˲׬Ǯˡ
Ҳ֪ɵļƻͬӦðѴ˵ӶˣҪչҩݣȵҶֲҩˣŻ׬ࡣ
˵ֻСţϾɽϵҩݲҲֻôԼֲͲһĻƾʵͿˣ˵ֲһڣߣȵͺĻƾʮӣɱֵ׬Ǯ
ֻҪһ뵽鼤δϣˡ
ҩݵʱ򣬹ɰѴ˵ǮˣҼһܹһңɲСĿڴ˵ǺܴһǮ
˼ɹãŹܴ׬Ǯ
ȻҩҲ棬ҩ׬ǮˣĴøԶ
ܶ΢ԶһĴӣ˵չҩ֮ҲŴϢ
ֻҪŵĹȻܾ
³ɽɽеҩҲ࣬ĴׯҲ࣬ԸŲҩõģ׬Ҳ࣬ڵˣǴ׬Ǯ濼ǡ
ֻҪҩŶ£Ȼ΢Զ˼һҩҲףһ㶼ǵվ͸ӡ
øŲҩ˸ģɵͷҲԽԽԶ
֮ǰЩõĴԣҲĿ޸û
һЩõҲɵĶߣԹӹú⡣
ÿɹҩݣҩݣȻչҩݣÿһ鶼һжļƻڽС
ĥŰȥȵʱԸһӣȻܽ༸ʮӣҲСˡ
ϻ¶е
˫¸һϼƣҲûʲô飬ԳһʱѽҲһժҩݣһҲ׬һǮ
ȴе㵣ǣǸ˲ǺܺദҪǽӹ϶ìܣֲ˼ܾ
ִֻܸһʱӣȥ峤ҽ˴ҲǸ˫ͽʱŪһס
»ס֮ǰ档
·ϵʱ˵˹ҩ˺ܶǮ飬кܼҲĽ
ɼңŹɼһéݷԺҲӸռˣ˵׬Ǯˣסĵط
⻰ʱڷҩݵֲˣֵһ۽ûΪ˭㣬ӾŻ׬ûӶҪҿȥģҩ׬Ǯģ˵Ļɱ˵
ЩϱƽϲǣûʲôûϲŪǷǵģеļʡ
վһԳĺҲû̫ѽϵĻУǺܺƢĵ׬ǮˣӶҩأɹɵҩݶû͵ǣȵǮ
ֻǵĿһ۽ϣȵղŻ޽أ׬Ǯʱ˭ôɵ˼ȥ޽ݣⲻвô
⻰з̵˼ǿ߽ˡ
ϱ˵ˣЩƲ׬ǮǲһԽԽ˵ˣڶ֪ô˵ˡ
ɰ󶬲Ūְᵽ棬ͷһĽϵϾҲǰҰѾͷˣҲǰˣҪǲ˵ɲɣ˵ζŶȥ԰ĸڿ佱ô


240¼

ﲻζǿ佱ɣвɡ
Ҫɿ佱ҲУֻǰɣôһˣڶ˵ǲе˵ȥҲǲϽһߣ˵ˡ
ֵý飬ΪʲôΪŮѾ˰ɵڶû˵ףҲǺܺãֻҪ˵еˡ
ֻǵһЦҲûΪϵĻܡ
Լ
ָˣֲ˫Ҳˣ˵˵ʲôɳײ׶£ֻҪԸ⣬Ҫ˵ʲôûС
Ƶ˶װЩУȴ˵Щⲻǹвôô
ɫ΢䣬ô˵ɶû£Ϊɵľĸȴ˵ķﻰ⻹г˼ǽ
ɳײ飬ȻҲģҲˣԵҪ˵׾˵˵Ҳˡ
ɩ˵ҾͲͬˣɵҺͳģɵû˵ҲģҸ˼Ҳûϵģ˵ҲΪɺãҲ֪ɲˣкǺ£ҪɱҲ
⻰˵ú࣬̵ľǽ䳰ȷ̬֮ǰʲô
ôôδԲϹҲææģȴڽòһû
ܿĲŹ֡
ȴǰסϵֱۣº͵İοĪҪҲǵһˣֻû뵽ĸЩһȻ뷨˵˵ףɲҲûа˭ʲôԱ˵ʲôͲˣòġ
ڲԶҲܲϣɵǸɵľĸ˵Щ̫Ӧˣɲû˵ףֻǲװˣ֮ǰ˵׵ĶǸͷˣü޵Ǽöˣ֪Ϊ㡣
ǰڴ˵ģŪǷǻûʲô
û뵽Լ˼Ҷ˵˵Ƿǣã˵ԼֶŮǷˡ
˵ˣǵԲһˣҩԺǹɼҹŵģɽҩҲչǣʲôҩݹأʲôҩֵǮȫ˵˸
׬ǮҲȱ׬Ķ࣬չǣȴＷҹɣһЩ졣
ϼûһվߣȫָѹɲ֪˶ٱ飬Ҳ֪Уֻ²Ժû취ȥˡ
һЦˣⲻǵô
ĵģɱȣ֪Խʲôطġ
˫ֽмԲ
˺ˣȻˣĸһʶεĶԹ˵š
ϵĵ˲˽飬ɩѵ֪ôǼûҪǼڲ˵ס
ůůģ٣Ϻͼվߵİɡ
Ҳ𴽽ǿŽϣĸǼǺܻӭģǼסŲҩóԺúȵҲţһҲ˵Щ׻ֻϣĸҪЩҽӵĸˣǺģҾ㲻ף˵Ҳ˭ʲôҳԵҲǱ˼ҵ棬Щ˵ҵﲻܣĸԺҪ˵ˡ
ѹеĲģεЦţԺ˵˲˵ˡ
ҹˣﻹЩ
ϱ˫ݺָ˽ϼ䡣
˫ǰر˫ʱ򣬽Ǻǵʲô˵ͷ˫
һֱţΪ˵ˣҲһʱ濴
ѾסˣڴʰŴðóغͳ
Ǻ˵ġ
˵ĵطнɱΪҩݻһ˳ȴû뵽ֳ۶ӣڴ˺ͿɽΪһƬҩݵִ˫ѹȥֵ˹ɼҡ
ɹҩݵĹɣһñվ̿ҩݣȴԶԶļһȺ˳
ʱ˻϶ɽҩͻȻһȺ˻ΪµģһȻ˱˺ˡ
Щһһţ໥֮֡
ҲˣϽ͹ɶһ۶硣
ǳôɵǵʵ
ҲвõԤУҡҡͷ֪ô£ǳ顣
˵ţЩѾ߽ˡ
ӺȻվǰ棬Ա߻йǡ


241͹˰

ңϻץۣе
ģһ֪һ˴
ڴӵļλҲòȥңв̶ͬȵ˺ۡ
ô£ɵĵʵ͹վһ
ͻȻ޿һ߲һߵҪΪЩ˶۸ǡ
ļλŭˣһλɼǵãнӢӡ
ӢӷŭǶȸ״˭Ҫǿһҩݵصģ˵ǿɽˣֵҲΪǵ˻ֱȶָǡ
ûôҪˡ
ɶԴûʲôӡģԣĶӵʱˣȴһʱ뵽ǰѹײǣԼãֻӵˣô˵Ҳֵš
ûǿӵô˵˵ɣӢҲ𼱣˽ڴ
ʱǹ˵˵ڳļĸˣҲ˵ȽϹһ㣬ô˵
̾ϢһеεҲǺΪҸһƬҩ˴ֵܳŹȥģʱһȺѾˣǰһܴԾʹˡ
ʵ·˵һЩ֪Ǵԡ
Ҳֱ˵ԣǺܵ˵¡
ɿ˴Լ˵˵ô°ɡ
һ£޿˶۸ң㿴ϵˡ
üͷͷãʱˣš塣
ҲأϽ˵£Ҫǲ˵ʵĻҿɴˣǾԼȥȥ
ܲϲ̬ȣҲ˼֡
ҵɣϽǰһ쿴ǿҩݵأȻȥʱͿЩҩ
Ӣƺһ˵ǰһһɽҩôᷢһҩݵأǽ·ڲҩƬҩݶ࣬˼
е˷ŭˣϣǴҶܺƽ͵һҩ׬ǮΪһ㶫֣˺
ڴļλҲĲһ˵ǲ֪ж֣ҩ˵ֻҪһ仰ǵҩȥ˵ݣͬˡ
һ仰˹ɵķŭǴͷ۸ô͹˰Ͳܵ飬˵ĵߡ
ҲʶأĿŴ˵Ŀġ
ģǴǵѹˣһҴ۸ˣⲻŵĨô
һԵӺܾȣϾ鵱ˡ
Ҳ󻨾û¡
ҪУô󻨾͹ˣǳŹɵĻƤȻҡײƭ
ҲüͷŴеĻң⡱һ£ֻ´泶Źɵţҡײƭ
͹˰ȻʹɣһǲɷϵģǹɶԴҺܺãûΪ׬ǮͿңѹңҡ
ôõҪˣ
泶ŹɵѹˣҲ湻ˣѵ֪𺦵Ĳǹɵӵ
Ǵӵ˴ȥǣѹˣôǴҶ̵ġ
֮ǰļ˶˴
ǰΪڴӵ˶࣬ǻûŪ龭ͼ˽ȥܲĿԼӵ˱ɡ
ڰŴļ˶еڣڵ˴
ѹˣǻˡ
˿̵ĴҵúܣӻйɵɫЩƣҲ飬ŭĲǹɣдеˡ
ɽ˻ǺŽģ𺦴ҵ棬ֻ³Ҳǿġ
Ϊ£˵Ҳöѣû˵
ӢЦһ˼Ʊ磬˵ǴΪղŵĴ򶷣˵Ļţô˵ŰɣҲǺˣȻ˻ҩݣʱʣͷѹˣܶҩ˲֪ǳҵһ΢һĵطֻҪѱߡ
ĺ˷ŭҶΪ׬ǮҺڣɽвҩƾĶǸԵı¡
Żˣѹҩ׬Ǯⲻǹ˵ȫԼô
Ǻ˽Ϊ˵ӶùѵӦ໥һ㣬㲻Ҳȥѹ˰
ӢӵĻǻˣϽҪҰ


242·

ⲻǴ˵ô
ɺߣû뵽飬ⲻǸĨôʱΪܹҲǡδѹκˣȻ˹̫̫һҡ
ԼͱܻˣؼǣҵĹϵǺܺãΪ֮ǰ˲ٵìܡ
ڴ֮ǰƲһңһΪûкڴǽоͷҪģһԭΪ
еƶģȻϵòȥ
úܣرǹɺ͹һ֪ŭˣڿŹɺ͹ԷҪǵ˾ˡ
Եģ˶е㷴Ҳֵֹġ
Ӣ˵Ҳţиǲ֪̬жӣһҲΪм˵ѴҲֳôᣬģ˵Ҫм䵷ͲôᣬҪΪ
кƽҲˣһλþһ£һطͺá
ôһطҪⲻŵ۸ô
ɵɫЩÿѾϵԼҪãҪȻԲľԼˡ
΢΢ͷһȦ˵һΪģԸλԼ֪鶼˵ѹңôҲӲܵġ
Χŵ˶˷ܣֻҪ˵⻰ǾİˣֻҪɹ飬ôҲͲصĵò
ܵ˿ʼߴߴ˵ţ˵Ŵô۸ҵġ
ӵЩҲסϾһҲ˽ȥŴ˸ڴˣִˡ
εĿŽӢӵʵǶԲǴм䣬һǵǸ
Ҳ˼⼸λ˲ȥҲǸ⡣
ǻͬˣҪǴ󻨲Ҳ˽ģԭԵ⡣
ӢºһЦʼҲͦŭģŵĻҲˣӺͱ˶Ǳƭġ
ҲֲǣҪǿͬ˱۸Ҳְæġ
ҲǣǰҲ֪ô¡
ӸмĵͷͷͳŴû󻨶ʱ㻹ô˾ˣҪ˳һ㣬ܲƱѣݹǲ棬ҶǽˣǷɵŵѹˣ
֮ȫǻңˣ˶վߣӷŸӢ˵ЩѾ˵С
ӲͷƤʲôΪѵ֪ô
ЦһʲôΪҵ֪ڲȰһ䣬ɲɵӣҲɵӣȻҪˣŪˣʱ²̨٣ҲǸ档
⻰˵һ㶼ڽ˵ȷǸ档
ϾڳһҲͶʮˣȻҩˣƾͲǶʮôˣǸʱǶˡ
ʵʵ˵ûгɵѹˣʵľô⣬ҪǲشҲŪ࣬ʱͱǲ׬Ǯˡ
˼ҪǻԺ׬ǮͲŴˡ
Ӵ󻨼ˣ˿仰ʵԣҲ˵ҪôܿԺΪ̫̫һɴŴ׬Ǯûһ¡
ǴⰡⲻǶ¡
ǰղ˹ɸҩǮһһӣǰһһ룬ֻǸŲҩ¾ô࣬Ȼһ˲ɵģǺ׬Ǯ¡
ӺϣȻҪѡӵġ
һҽƱˣϽֵܣ˵ݣҲԣǾʹ˲С˹ԭҡ
ŻǿӲ̬ȣ˲ˡ
ɫڣҲ˵˵Ķģ㻹泶ɵѹˣ󻨰˵ģǺôҲݣǹĨɣǼʲôطԲˣҪɡ
ӶŵϡޡһĵͽвҪʲôطԲ㣬Ȼҳɵѹˣ֪Ƕɵӵ˭׬ǮҸ˵ҩ˼ҶȱǮҴûΪҩأѹˣƭǰܣа㣬ǰûôļء
ŶɰʹһΣʵİء
أ˼ѹûаһ£ʵ̫ˣһоͶһ


243ǿ

ɫҲ͹ָû£ӵô˵ָƾʲô
úܣƭҵǸҲֻǸŴܵ飬ڱⲻ°ɡ
һԵĹʧҡͷһ֮ĶûС
һ㷴˼˼ûֻΪ˵ˣǲ˵ԺչԲЭģЭʱġ
ҲΣھͳŴ˵һԺҩҲչˡ⻰˵ڡ
ͬףҪìܴҲ鷳£˼Ҷ˵ǹ׶㣬ѷҪǲչҵҩݣ˭֪ʲôıġ
ڼҩݺܶ࣬΢˸ƻʧһӡ
ԣһҪãҴҵҩݻչ
Ѿ˶ԲߣҪʱֹˣӱҲ˵˳ҵŵѹˣֻѹҲֹǰЩɣ˵˻һͻһģʱ׷㳶ѹ˵飬˵˵⳥¡
⳥ִˣ⳥ʲô
ѵΪ˴˻Ǯûй鰡
ָָ弸λϵ˺۵Ǳɱεģûϵģ˼ҵҩݵأȴҪռ˷֮㲻˼ԼƭǰǼλˣҵѵǮ
һûЭϾ˵ȷ޹
Ӳˣһȥ֪ĹײĲȥĶӣڳײĵʱҪ
˶ǮĿأѾԶԶĳ顣
кһ㣬ҪóӺѡ
㿴ȻģҿԵǸ㿴ҲҲˣƾʲôҪ⳥ӡжԹɲ
Цһã޹İ˼ҵҩݵأ˵߾ߣʹ˼ͬⲻƭǣͬ˻ݵϣû⳥ǣƾʲôҪ㣬˼ҲҺڰҲ˵⳥٣һ⳥ʮǮ˾Ͳ⳥ˣһҪ⳥
̵ߣ꣬תͷ˽ӢӼ˵λӿɺá
ӢҲҪһڹɸǹȻ㣬û뵽ǣɾȻô⳥ǮʮǮ࣬һҲҪ塣
Ӣѯܵˣõͳһ֮תɵǶͬ⣬㴦İ취ǶͬȷǽյĹȷ࣬Ҫ壬һжġ
Ҫĵȷ壬ǲûԹɣ˭֪ûϵϾҲɵ϶һҺ͹ɼҵĹϵ
˶֪ɹϵõǴһҡ
ƽ׽ˣˣ˵Ǽõġ
ɾ͸˵ˣҶء
۳Ϳ϶˼ˡ
Ҳͬ⣬ôˣ⳥һľûˣƾʲôҪҳôӡ
ЦˣǵǷ㻹⳥ӣһû⳥ЩѹӾǺõģҲø˵ô࣬Ҫǿͬ˵ϣҪǿݵϣΪԸЩ飬չҵҩݣ汻˴ҲǻãҪǾ⴦취Ծͬ⣬ͬҲǿ㡣
ӵĵⷨѾõˣ룬ִԺҲû˵ȥҩǱһ𼷶ӿɲù⼸㵱ҲͲ׷ˣ˵ĶԣͬҲƽЩƾʲô׸۸
ǰӻĵ뻹ǡ
أһһģɹϵòѵԼûô
棬ùԴҲֻд
Դһжǻá
ںìܣһ˹ɵ⳥ԺܸŲҩʱҲ͹ȥˡ
һӾǾܲ⳥ֻ¹Ժ󲻻ɵҩҲûչ
Ϊ˳׬ǮѾȷˣõͷʱһҪͷҲԣԸ⳥ǮֻϣԺҸ̧֣˲С˹ôȥˣԺұ֤Բѹҡ
Ժ󡭡ԺôӢĵЦǰ벻׼͹֮Ĺϵ֪ôѹ˵Ļô
Ƿ񶨵,ֲɵӣ۸ѵᷴ


244º䶯

ڳ˻϶뷨֮ǰѹΪ˽ʵ
˽˭ôɵ
Թ취Ǻܻô
ǹɵ
ɵҲÿԼʲôӵڳ˶ԣܻʲôģҪǸ
Ƴһ۴ȴúܡ
Ҳ̫׷£㵽ܻҵ˵ҺҪҵǸұ֤Ժ󲻻ͬ飬Ҵãڳô˶Ϊ֤
ԵܻǴ飬ɲܾˡ˵껹ݺݵĵһ۴
ĵ׺ˣǵ˹
һ̫̫Ĵ˶׬Ǯ̫̫أģȥֻ̫̫»Ϊˡ
ôһδûĶˣǼӲƣԺӶֲϱ˵ûϱĶˡ
ܽ˫ֱӹ˹ǰ
ҵĲԣҲóųȥѹˣܻҵĴ˲С˹ϣԭҡһ˵̬꣬ȺܳϿҡ
ɷӦܿ죬ֱӰѴЩʲô˳ȥ˵ұ¹򡣡
Ҳǳⲻɷɡ
ֿʼ޿Ҳɷ㣬ҳĸǸģϣܿݵķϣھӵķϲҪһƽϣһ˵ģҹ⳶ѹˣ鶼ҵĴͿҼӲùķϣܲԭҡ
üͷĺ̹ܲ
ͻȻ¹򣬴ȥֻһЩڲѵ
ӢҲϲŴģ̾Ϣһҿ͵ΪֹɣҲ֪ˣǻ˽͵ģʵж㶼ûϵΪ˺ƴﶼ˽ġ
ܵ˶ŵͷʲôӵΪ˴ﶼ
ܸжٹô飬õ˴ҵͬ
ܰ˵乫ãʱˣɢȥҩܶ׬һһ㣬ȹʱԹһꡣ
ؼٶǮȻɺʹҶԭˣ⳥Ҳǹȥˡ
Ͻ鴦ɽҩ۽⳥ȥǮŶ
ȵ˶ɢȥɳ̾һе㲻̹û뵽Ȼˣ뷢ģСѲ
˵Ŀ䣬ЩʱЩ鵱ɼ
Ҳ֪ôģοԺ󲻻ˣŴҲ
϶ôȥʱҶ֪ʲô
ЩС˼ĿҲ
ڳöԻǺ£ٴûɴ
أһյĺ鶼Ūûˣе㷳Ҿǲϲַ
ͬɺ͹Ŷ̶һʱ˶֪ˡ
Ϊ˱ΣȥһƬȽƫƧӡ
ɺ͹ʱϺֶû˵һֱվԶš
Ǻܶµأ֪ǸʱòʱĬĬվںֹ֧ɺ͹
ȵϵʱ򣬽ϻɫ˵֪ܺ棺Ǵĸ¹˰
ںԽУΪɿֶŮ
֮ǰûùж˲𣬵ɽϲҩ֮ŷ֣˵ɵʱ򶼴𾴵
֪ǹɾĸʱҲչˡ
ճԶʱõڴһɣһֶŮ
ϵĵȫ˲ɼҵʱôҹɵ¡
ʲô˵ֲǺ죬ﻹ˵һ顣
ӹҲֻҪŪˣսɽи̸ʡ
Ƴһ۽ϣе㲻⣬ǽǴ󻨹£һɲòԭΪԭµĻĴԻ
ɺܾȲĿ֣ò˵ϵһ仰һйؼ
ȷģʱԭ´ֻĴԸ˵Ǹʱ򶼻ˣĻ
ϲƲ죬ԴҲ̫Ҫˣһ͵ľĸأҶûдɵҡײƭʲôȻ
ϵĻɶ֪ЦǸÿޡ
˫һ۽ϣһӲ˵ϽԷ˵û˵ưͣôóԵĻ²סһ졣
Ͳʲôĵ£ùڷⲻǹҲô


245¹ʷ

ǴҲ෹̸ʣ˵ЩŴȥҩ뱻ֵ۹⿴ţĴҲĿˣŴһȥɽҩ
˵ĸڶЩųƺһ㡣
Щǹ˵ġ
֮һпָƽ
չֿʼæµڶҩѾȥˣһεʮһθ࣬һжʮҩݣһ϶ˣ·;ңԶȥҲۣôصĻ
һϼƣ˫ȥһһһҩȥҲá
õ˹ɵ֧֣Թ˫ʰ֮ȥ˰ǡ
ڹ˫֮һƤ˴ӡ
ɹҩݣƤʱΪǳͳˣվſڵţȴû뵽Ƥֱȥ˴Ź̫̫ȥˡ
϶ǳãô˭
гɻ󣬼ȻǳãҲûҪʱ䣬ֻǶ࿴ֿʼȥɹҩݡ
ʷԿɽûһøУǰڼҵʱ;ɻۻһ굽ͷòһѴû뵽ǣҲǹ̫̫һġ
ΨһҵǿĶܺãֻôֲȥüζˡ
ʱƣֿ֪ӺùˣȻ˸м̫̫˼ϾҪ˲˵ʳǵ
ЩʱǺֵģһֱĻһοһϤĸˣ⺰˵˼仰ʱƣһᴫ׶档
ƾǰӣ϶дŸ
ԷĻ˶Ʋ˵ĳҲ˼ң˵϶ǹõġ
ҫ˼˭УڵΪǿҡ
ƿϤԺ䣬ʱû
ǵãϲϡ棬ƽմһİ˶һȺΧۣĿƤ˹ƺѼɡ
ҪĽĿ⡣
ģϻ뿪Źʷһֱе㼱˵˰ɣһŻؼء
ʷе᲻뿪ûΧſ֡
⻰е㼱ˣûûˣܿӰӶû˵㵽²ҪٲҿҪǮˡ
Ǯǿ϶еġ
ʷɻΪνմ˲֣Ϊ˲Ǯ
ݸ˹ʷ
һĹʷﻷһȦڴĳû֣ȷܿģһӰûС
ѵϰߣ˾겻˶ˡ
˳Ǯ뿪
ŰֻһȦܣȷûпˣܰ
Žʱǿ˴ڵļӣӵ˼Ҳǵãҡ
ɻúܣתš
̫̫͹̫үǰµظɻˣ˿Ϣ
Կŵϡ
һž´ʷϾʷϴͦģɫĶӣһɫĳȹͷϵķ滹Ƕ׹ϹŵĶ׹Ҳرÿ
֪΢ù˼Ҳеġ
ǣϺܿʵ
ʷãȻĿϣϵͿʮ꣬ʵǸ˶ԲϺţҪ˵ɽ͹СɽȢҲȢôϵİɣҲ檡
ôף϶檡
һȦԲϺţ΢΢üʵ˭
⻰ΪǹʷҴ˼ңЩͷҶ֪˭ţǹϱ
⻰ùʷˣղŻڹ檣ǰλ˻糶Ϲϵ
˭˵һ飿ʷЩʵΪԼˡ
ϵӲͷ˵㾿˭
ʷкܶɻ󣬾ҹ̫̫ǣƳһϵɩء
ɩϵɫ΢䣬϶ϰϾռ޵أȻûʲô£ҲʲôǮ˼ңڳȥ˻ǻЦС檰
ǰĸ˾Ȼɩӣ˿ûаУЦһɩϰѵ㲻֪ôȥسǹԺ˰
ʷ𾪣ӻȥԺ˼Ƶô
ò˵ʷʵҲͦģƲκˡ
ø˵ȥЩǹʷò˭֪ɡ


246²

˵ϵû˵ʷ֣ϾҲǺܾãƽΪ˼¾Ѿܷˣﻹȥʱ¡
ڹʷ˵⻰ʱһӦǣ˭
ʷҲǸƢûĽĿҲˣҪһŻñţҲǿĳ嶯
Ͽɲܹʷ˭˵ǲ˽ŵġ
ԵйʷҲø˭ɡ
ҼңһҲаܲͷ˵š
˲ˣǰλֻǹ̫̫Ů
ôǮСӻң¶ЦգԭСӣ㿴ҵˣҲż޽Ҳû˵㣬ǸϽš
˵ŰŴ򿪣ʾʷԺӡ
ʷӱ桰ߡһԺӡ
ĺܲϲҲ֪ô£ȻȢŮˡ
ŲԺӣһȦָ뿪ʱûʲôײûΪ㣬üӺù
ĪĶһ˿ֻ
̫̫͹̫үڰ̾أӹò̫˳ﷳƵ̫ˡ
ǰʱõӣҼһأЩ˼˼ǮЩ˼һӣôǮĽ
ܹһôӳһ֪׬Ǯ
ϧˣѾͷ׬ôӸһϵûУ֪ͲϾϵٵǳĺġ
˺ڵ飬ϧûкҩ
˵أһӰ˽
̫̫͹̫ү̧ͷſڣȴſվһλӵĸˣ˶סˡ
ʷʱ򣬹ʷͲʮңʱݰͰ͵ĳҲÿ˶ˣأҲй
̫̫վЩʷĵŵĲĸŮطϲãǿʷôһвٵӡ
˹ֻһʷô붼ֵÿİϵЦҲԽԽãֻЦʧʹʷʷҵŮԲ㰡
ò˵̫̫ܿ죬ЦҲһ˲¡
ʷﻹǼģֻһ뵽ֱ̫̫һÿ׵Ĳоʲôżֵÿĵ鰡޿ģҪˣôŮա
̫̫δʷﻰ˼ʷﲢûԹϲĨһᣬ¶Цա
ʷ㲻Թ̫ˣǼжҲ֪ҲǱƲѲģʱŸһ˼ңܹȻһӾ͹ˡ
ʷֻǵһЦȻһӣǸʱ̫̫͹ˣΪԸóô
˼Ҳ񲻻ô̫̫࣬ѡ
˵⻰ŮжءʷֱӰѰһԵϣȻϣҲûп̫үһۡ
ֻɻ˭˴ӣûеȥ̽˼
ڼҲˣɹҩݵȫģϺȻܰæһУһ꼶ˣܶࡣ
ɹյҩݣϢûϢãͼһλӵĸ˽
Ť֫ǰģʱĿܵļӣ֮
ɲ¸ҲվкֻڵֱĶŸˡ
ϣôô˰
ʷЩȣ뿪ʱɻСĺأû뵽һգ۾ͳ˴Ҫǹ̫̫׿˵Щʵǲţǰ۸Сﳤôˡ
ɵƳһ۹ʷǣ
ʶʷܲϲʷ˵
ʷƲ죬е㲻˭֪ѵˣСʱҾء
ҡͷʶ㾿˭
ڴʱϴ˳ԺվŵĹʷЩɻ󣬰ŸԼʶ˶˺ţЩȷǲʷ
ʷﱻʱͻ󣬵ʱںݵģ˵˿װĹʷеϣǰˡ
ʷﻶϲϽϵɩ㻹ʶҰ
һЦҲɩӣǼںǱûϵˡĵײϲʷôСأʷȻܶɣһֱС
Ȼôȥһʷﻹ£оСӲʡ͵ĵơ
ʷﲢ˵ЩǶϾϵǸҲûϵʼҶɩҶء


247

ʷŽżҪеҲûаϷУϾϽ֮ͺң˵Ǽλ͵Ĵڡ
ԸͲҪϷУҽҪ
ɺܲϲʷ˵̬ȣرǶϵ̬ȡ
ȻвϲǺܺƵȥˣղŻؼҡ
ʷеźġһҲûҪǹؼңø˭˵
ãȻĿһϵɩɡ
Ͽһ۹ɣȴ΢΢ҡͷ
ЦڻУڼƼңԼ˵㣬֪⻰к⣿
ʷ߲ƵģϾһ;ʹڲڣܲܵңѲʲôҪ˵
֮˵ʲôȤ
һκһǣϹϵ
ʷû뵽ϻ˵ڹ̫̫Ѿ֪һҵ鶼ǹ֮ǰʱ򻹱ŽŽɵ̬ȡ
ţôһѲɻһѾͷˡ
û뵽ϾȻҲ˵ѲΪ˹ġ
е㲻һЦɩ˵ЦɣɲŶ󰡣˵Ǽ׬˲ٵӣôһôһѾͷƼأⲻôһŮӣҪ޵ġ
ǲŹƼҵģôСһѾͷʲôֻΪ˷ܹ̫̫˵ΪΪ鷳
ϲϲˣʷ˵ЩƲɣʷƲԲƲɣҹɡ
ɫòʷ˵ͲˣɾСһ㣬õɲ٣ҲǽвŽٵģԲһˡ
ʵǴʵ
ʷȴмɩҲûˣ㲻Ϊ鷳ͰеһƵϣôǸ˵ʵɣҩĵĻҸദġ
һҪ˵ȴʹɫֲҪڡ
ҪʷĿģңҪָֿʷҵͷˡ
Ƴһ۹ʷҺûǸ£Ҳܣ˶֪ҩݵһҸҲǺأҪǲŵǿȥ﾿к¡
ˣΪʷôı䣬û뵽һı䶼û
ʷԼıӣϵΣɩӾͲҽһ
ڨЦⲻΪû½ŵĵطŵĶҩݣȥӳ
ɸϽȥӣԼվһԡ
ʷ£ͳ˷ؿڵͣĻеôԺһӹζ
ʱˣһ۹ʷɣһҩζѵ㲻֪ҩ涼ζ
Ʋ߹ʷװģ
ĵײͣĲʷĿģȴôҲ²
֮ϾͲ˵ˣʵǲ֪øʷ˵ʲô˵ѹͲʷ˵
ʷӣͻȻһЦ㿴һǣһҩζأǼҩ׬˲Ǯɡ
ĵЦʼϢˣֻҲΪӵҲû٣ۻֻǱֵǿ
⻰ʷ϶ţ̫̫˵ˣɼҾˣȻˣÿһλôĹǮȥҪ˵û׬Ǯǲܵġ
ҿСãǿһˣҵ˵ʵɣ˵˵һ굽ͷ׬ٰɡ
̫̫˵ÿһηǮȥ͵üʮӣһ뵽ʮĶ
ǺùһЩΪȥ˼ȥˣһ굽ͷֵؿ϶ǿϺܶ࣬ϴ˼ұȽϴ󷽣õٵǮϴŵĶӾǴ˼ҷ˲Ҫѡ
ȻӱǰùˣĴҲңէһɷǮȥ͵üʮӣĶǼٵġ
˵׬һ㣬һ׬ɡ
ҴôŴأһһ׬ôࡣ
˵̫̫Ͼϵʱ򣬹ֱ˼ӳû뵽ǰǵ͹ˣôı¡
ԽЦʷ϶Ǳģ˵ʵҪǲҲˣأڸǼûжٹϵϾǹҰ˸Ӷˡ
ǰ͹˵ʷ͹飬չ˼Ҳĵǿ߶ǺĿ϶߶ġ


248

˴֮Ĺϵܳϣ˶˽ģʲôȵˣˣҲ˺ˣⱲʲô鶼Сġ
ʷĿĲȻܶԹʷ
ʷɲЩ
ҪŽ鲻ַɷ
ϵɩôмҪ
Ƴһ۹ʷĵѾ˵ˣǼҵĴС鶼˵
ҪͻŶûУʷıԾᣬǰǹԺк
ܼǳģʷô۸ģЩֻҪ΢һ¾ͻĺ
Խգʲôõ̬ԹʷǾԲܵģ
ʷƲ죺ɩôܹʲô˵䲻ģɳҪޣôҪĶͲʱŷˣˣ˵㻳ˣѵͲΪĺһ롣
䣬ɵøӱ䣬һԵ̲סǳǴİɣǼʲôӵ˽ˣһ˵ǼɣŪú壬ҲТ֮ˣ˵£û¹ɺŮкɫ˵ҿûУô۸ŮıΪҲ֪㣬ô۸׵ɣôѹŮҶ֪
ûжָѾǸ˹ʷӣȻأŹɵ棬ɲ֪ѹء
ʷʱˣõվϹҵɣ˭졣
ű죬һָţøЦôŭ
ûǵĵ˵Ǽ֮ɵı£Т˳ⲻҪ˵ҲûһҪɼ޳ȥһҲõģ㻹˵£ûҲûʱд㣬ϾͷϻкܶҪء
ǲʷϻҲǺ棬Ҫʷ﾿Ҫʲô
ʷѹеĻŭĿһ۹ɣô֪СһСأô˵Ҳ㳤
ɺǺһЦ֮ǰ˵ûСãǼҸһһϵûûйϵϾ㵱ͱˣ˵źúõӲô벻
һ;ְƾŹ̫̫ĵУʷñ̫̫ƭһ
۳ŹʷҲʲôƲ硣
ʷһҾ˵ǼҵҪ
⻰һϺ͹ɶˣ񿴰׳һŹʷ
ʷﻹǸҪˡ
ָǡ͡һЦ˳ҵΪʲôأԭռ˰˭˵Ļ
ʷòУֿ˵Ǻ޹˼ɵָ
ֵָӸұ죬ﻹû˵ķأڸҶɩ˵ʲôУôռˣҾӳ֪ɣֻҷ䵹ò
ж֪ģǼҪҪȻҲ޵Ǽˡ
ôȥֵĴ¾֪ûǮ
̫ɶ񣬾ȻҼء
ֹЦˣ࣬ˣⱲӶûôأ˵ŰϵǮȻһСġ˵ϣǳǮŽ𶹶м
⻭вҪ̫ǿɺϲûסЦˣû뵽̫̫ôɰһ档
ֶŵϡϡһ㿴Ҳˣ־ȻˣӺҲڵˡ˵ŸϽ°Ǯ
ʷ۾ŵϵĽ𶹶и𾪲ѣˣû뵽ǰôҲôӡ
Ѳĺ׬Ǯ
һ뵽ǴҪˡ
ӣҳ׬Ǯ֡
Ҳ̲ס͡һЦ˳㻹ҪҪֻҲ˵óڣǲǾмӺܶǮӴʵǲ˼ÿһηҵǮúüʮء
ʷǹ̫̫ѣ˵ʷﱻ̫ˡ
ԵĹʷɵñһ
ʷһҲ֣ǿɩӸʹ컰ҪҪ
εʼ磬εû뵽ʷô
ǿ׬ǮˣҪһţҲԼûʸ
ɿһȻԸ⣬ҿԸһ϶Ĵ𰸣ǼҲκˣˣҲָųܴӦˣҽأòҪţƢɲá


249½

ϵǱʷֺЦˣ̲סĿʼѹʷ
ʷŲЩ˵֮ԱǺǲм
һϵǲҼҸɣҾ֪˶ʲôöǰ˽ӴǺ£㿴ǳʲôˣϾϵǲТ
ֺܷŭֺ϶̥οϣҪ
ɾðɣЩ˵治øӡ
ŷ׽ݡ
ҲкӲҪǼ϶ñʷһͽݣ˳ŰѴŸϣ۲Ϊ
ЦŹʷڻϿ԰ѹʷﻮ̫̫ˣֲҪıĵõ洫
˭˵ЩģǲТҲָֺˣƵģڵģǮɣȻôΰôֶСɽȢأŶ԰ӵȥŰ
͹ʷˣģúƵģָ˵ıҲġ
ûʸȥָˡ
ʷָŹɽƾʲôҪҸСɽȢޣ飬Ǽ޳ȥŮҪҲţѾͷڶûףҲһԼԭƢôôТ˳ҿԺ˭Ȣ㡣
ɲʾЦҿɲҪȢңҲҪңһ˵ҿȥ˼ұӰԼ׬Ǯû뵽ɣǰһжһŪģŶǼҵӶϾϵ⻹ģȫ˶֤Ŷ˰ֽҲ˵úҲҵֳˣǼһϵûԱ˵ҵˣҵСǵﲻģܹһĳЩָֻ֪˵˺á
ͲŹʷܸ̫̫ʲôô
ֻҲǰ΢ҪҲðĻοӾҪһǮѵûôҲ˼Ҫ
ʷĺܣû뵽ݣǰûֹ
׬ǮŮû˰бҲûµġ
ظ£˵ǳԲᣬ㿴ʲôʲôأҿɲҲˣ֮ǰŶأõúܣʲôԱҵĹӰׯĹӸ簡֮ǮأҾǲװܰ鳰ЦңҲ㵱һ£ϾǿģһӶøɣӻþϸġɺЦ˵ţһŹʷ
ʷеţ˵ĶеȷõÿһǮø˵һҲþϸ㣬һȽϺõˣȻǴ˼Ҹ˵ľѣҲѹ׵·
ϴѣͬҲֻܸǳš
ͷϴŵҲǿĵģźܴʵúҲֵǮ
۹ԼӣԼʲôʲô
һĽڻȴ˱һţҴ´ҲƽĴºúܶࡣ
źӵʱأﻹµظɻһòû
ôһȽͼӰ
ֻڹǰЩôǷ񶨵ģԲܳϰ
סеĽߵ˵ô㻹ûҪҪҲ㲻Ըɡ
Ͷ䶼ɾðɣʷ˵ȥ˷ʱ;
ʼͷˣ˵ô˵ǲǿˣ
ʷúܣǸߡ
ø˵
СͱȽŵȵĥӲһһнˤ뿪
ɿŹʷ뿪ıӰ˼ֻ¹ʷﻹš
ʱţߵŮҲ˼ǰû۸ҲûǷС
ǹʷǸڵģôſ϶ᶫǣҲҪڡ
ʷﵹãֱӿֺҲˣǹ̫̫ں海
ɾûѹʷﵱһ£ҪҵҲûģһε˵£˵ҪǲʶȤǾͲף˵öǺܺãǴӲùǰһЩ
ܺþˣ˭Ǽж϶ñЩǼҵˣǸɲʲôˡ
ϱӵĿЩ˾Ыĳ㲡Ҫʱ򣬿˸Ĵ


250

Ϻͬǻ䣺ùǸõģӺܶ඼չˣ͵͵ĸ󼦵ϴ򲼣͵͵ı㣬ʱʲôС᲻óԣĵԣֻǵ磬߻ˣҲ֪ȥӹ
ʱ˹ǸΨһůҲֻйˡ
ϧô궼ûϢҲ֪ȥ
Ҳźû뵽Сʱλô۰ҵ˵Ҫúñһ
Źʷ˵ЩУҲţǺúùӱʲôǿ
ıӹԽԽãԷȴֻĽķݡ
߹ʷĹĵĻص̫̫ļҡ
ڼȴĹ̫̫ϽӭȥǵôǲûдӦ
֮ǰȰʷﲻҪȥǼڲöԸʷﲻŷǵȥ
ʷ̾Ϣһ˵Ļԣ̫ǶˣҪ˵ǶԸ⡣
϶СҲһƲҪҲӦҲÿһθҷӳȥôǮ׬ҲٰɣӹŻأؾǵ͹˼ңûùӰϳǺõġ
ЩǷҲҵ˱Ļᡣ
ʷһϲˣǴڿЦɣӻٰôô
Ҳʷ⣬ǵôǿЦˣǺ㣬֮ǰҲ˵˽㲻ȥǲֵˣ㻹ȥ˵£Ŷ˵˲֣ôôŻȻһ㶫ţҲ˼
ҲӰʷֿտա
СӻҶҪһ㶫ɣǸԣʷﻹʲôû
Ǵ׳԰׺أ˭Ⱑ
ƽ̫̫ϲԸ˵Ļò˵˵Ŀˡ
Ϊʷôܱʾһ⣬ʲôûҲܲġ
ʷ֪ģ˵ֲȢһҪʲô
ҪңͲˡ
εֻһˣ԰԰ڣﶼĵġ
ãϼİѱˡ
Ƴһϵⲻ̫û˵ҪӣԼҪĶأôһ˵һˡ
̫̫Ц˻ͶˣʷҲɩӾֱڿ죬ҲܷأǼǸǼ԰㿴ӵ˶ȥҩˣһҾǲǵҩݣǼܲһ취
ʷʲô취ܵ뵽ٸ˵ɣҶϳʲô
һܿ춼֪˹ʷ£Ǵ˳ϻӣ˶ʼ۹ʷ
ʷﱻĻĿû뵽ôʷûлش壬ش嵹Ƿġ
Ҳֻǿ֣ڹ̫̫ҵˣ˶մȾϣƫƫʷ˾ͿʼɵĴֱɣϵĲТ
е㲻ͷĿŹʷŽͷˮֵҩأͱʷһ
˵һǲǺܹ֣ҵٴҲİϺ͹ƾʲôǰȥҡ
ҲΪһҴ򱧲ƽϾϵôɲ˵ʱ˶أҶ֤ҳƽТ˳úܣﾭȡ֣ԳһҲã˼ҳôТ˳Ѿܲˣɱ˹֪ô
ʷﻹ治֪ɱ˹֪ҲϰС͸Ĺϵá
ôᣬҴҲǹİɡ
Ϊһ˵ѣΪһͷҰͶԳ֣ʱҪڼҲҺѧһҽֻ׶༪٣Ŀŵ˻ǹ⣬һ͹ȥٸˣҲǳһƣ˵Ϻ͹ɸ㾿˵ʲô
ŲŹʷĻɺ϶ǽˣϵƢǺõĲˣͲԵ޹ʸ˺
йʷͲ˽е飬ָɣʵǿᡣ
ѵϹӣ̫̫һЩж־Թ߶ܷŭ
ʷܲˬǲûҺĺҪȴʶôӦ
סҪ˵ĳ嶯ʵö


251³Ц

⾭˶ٲ۴Ҷ֪Ϊ˻רȥŰ״ѧҩмȻĳɷڣΪʶ˳ӡ
Ҫǣɸ˺ܶŬ
ڹʷҲǲҪô겻ؼңһؼҾ˵ҪҪûһӿ϶˼ڰɡ
ʷƳһ۹ŹȫµĴֲ£˵ӣ뿪
ڴΪʷһӵĹʷ˵ӶʱˣеҲȥĸо
ÿ϶ˣôǮأ׬Ǯô֡
ȻְӲˡʷ˿ûϵ
ְ֡ѹŪÿЦãһԹ߶ùʷ˰Ҳ˼Ҫְ֣ܷɾǸʷˡ
ʷ˵ˣ㵹˵仰ǲǾùɺܹ֡
Ҳ̲סЩùʷˣ̫쿪֪Щ಻̹
Цһ̲ס˵Ҳ̫쿪ˣҪҾͲȥˣɨˣ֪һ׬ǮôҲȥսʱʮӳǸʱСС֣һֱһθʮӳ⻹ֻǰµģʣµһ½һΣҹƵһٶӳӾͺ˼ҪɣҲ̫Цˡ
ƽڴǳģڳʷҲѹ
ʷɫѿһӶҹһɵģˡ
˵ˣõóôĿŹƾŹĴֲ¾֪ûǮ
صˣ˹ʷЦҼҲֻ߰ӵĴӺöŶˡ
˵һ鶼ûǿˣʷﲻҪı±̫̫й޲Ƥϵʱɡ
ʷһǼеĴû뵽ôĹȻҲôǮôܣ
Цʵ⻹øлɣҪҼҲֻӵĴ֮׬ǮˣһǴ׬ٵģ֪ô׬ǮɶˣԹ׬ʮ˰ɡ
ϲŹʷܾŵӣһûģ
Ҳ֪˭ùʷô˶š
ңеӾ͵ɪΪɲǺܺá
˵΢ʶȤ˾ͲŸ˼˵ֻ۸˲ǡ
ʷﵱһ۸Ҳ֪ʱɲѧ·أʷ͵ŴҵɣôСĺҲµȥ֡
òױ˲ˣڻԼһˣο͹̫̫һѾϾϵˡ
뵽ЦҲ˵˼ҳһҲТ˳ʱǸ˹̫̫ӵģûбȳТ˳ˣֻϧûкñϱϺô껳ϺӣԹѹô꣬ʹˣҲֻƢã˵Ͼϵʱ򣬽Ǯ⳥ӣ˳ǣʲô֪ͱ˵˷ŭ
֮ǰɼҹϵҲ˵϶õģľùһĺܲ
ҶԴҵչҲĵģڿ˵ӣúܺá
ǰ˭뵽ô۵һѾͷⷬ³
ʷﱻҲĻ뿪
ϲ߶ҳܿͰѸʷ֮ӣ˵ʱԱ߻мλ˶أһʮʮ٣ܿ˵ɽ˶֪ˣҩҲ֪ˡ
пʷʵ⣬Ҳ˼˵Ļ˼һߡ
˼ҹ׬ǮʵʵڵӣǮÿɹҩ̫£ô࣬ʷƾԼȻһӣǴɵӰɣҲ˼Ǹڡ
ӵ˵ʱЦʲôӵʲôӵ֣Ҫ˵ǼΨһûľֻгͲѾͷðҲ֪ôôˡ
˭˭ĵ׸ƵģʷṈ̀ģڻԼһǲҪ
˵һԵĸ˶
ʷܹ˵ЩȻҲ˹ɶʱֻЦ֮ǳʷﻹ̫̫һҪ˼ڮأʯͷԼĽţ˵ĺܽ
ѾƽһҩһߵͱԽԽ𾢡


252ϻ

˼ʷȫԲôϲϹڡ
Լһ¡
뵽Ӻ͹˵ЩеҲеЦ
˵׹ʷﻹǾ֮ܣȫһûмģҲʵЩЦ
ɾ˵ôΪʲôû仯أҪǱñ񣬻ǫһҲУôߣΪǼһǰ׬Ǯ˾ʼ벻ͨôõóֵġ
չʷڴɲ֣ʱ˵˴඼ԶԶĲ
ùʷȱȱȴһ
ǰᣬڴ˹ͬĿģҲӹŪӳܾðɣֻҪƤĻҲͻƿڣҹô˵Ҳˡ
ûϵˣ
ʷԺŹӣеĵɩ취ûУҪ鷳ܵиڲУûнҲʹ
֮ǰƻҪôҵɼȥȻùӳ
Ҳǽʾ֭鲻ð졣
ҲûˣҲ֪ǱõûС
˵ţԺⳳֵԼ仹ϵ
ϸϽվȥţһ򿪾ͷֹվſڣһУķɧվڹ
Ͽʷһʱ¶˲м
Ͻȥдɣд˺Ӿ͸ˡϲͷĿŹ
һ뿪֪ж㣬ϵĺж٣ȻϰҵҲһЩͷӣЩ۰
ԽԽǰӰ׻ˣôڹ˷ôʱ䡣
⻹ûؾź飬ϵǵĿŹô¡
ܲãһαȥжҵģһôô˵е֣㱻ԵߵлǼǹϵģһȥҪ׬Ӿͽϻû뵽ҵϵʱϱһ޳УѻŲ·ȥسǷ糾ͣǱúܡ
ȻǲԸģ⳥ӣȻ˺롣
һ·Ҳ˲ĻһֱԺ
˵˵ЩҲ¶
ϲмĿһ۹ʲôöģ㱳ȥϵģŪ˶ӣҲҵģһŮ¿Ŀ϶Ҫ취Լҷ˻ллϽд˺飬Һ뿪ҸҲûϵˣҪСɽġ
̫̫վЩʱŭˣ˳ҪŮ˻ҪСɽ붼Ҫ롣
ҲŹ̫̫˵ģôúЦ񶾵ĸҲнգһγҲ˺ܶ飬Ϊֺù̫̫ҪҵӺùһ㣬Ź̫̫ϼֱǴش
Ŀһ۹̫̫ҲңǼҶʮ˵ǾϹˣʲô鶼㣬㣬˳㣬һֱΪҲģأңΪңҪɽСɽ˵ףиңΪ˽ԼȴٳٲϣֳСɽı磬ɽҲнշҲȫǣϽд飬ҪвҲԣд˶ǾǷһʮӣҪҪ㿴Ű졣
·Ͼ˵ˣʮӣ˴һϵûС
Ͳð˹ѾˣҪԺҲ
̫̫ϵģʮĶˡ
ڳĶĲǹ̫̫йʷϣʷ۾׶ŹâʮӰжӣһ־ô󷽣ֱӸʮӳ
ĥŵǣһЩڹ̫̫УҲܵõ٣¶̰
ĺܣָϵıӵҪŮˡ
һǸѧģ˭ҪѸʲôѵ֪ΪȻߣҲ̫磬˭֪ǲĺӡ
⻰̼ϣĺӱͲǹģ鲻֪ϵָΪϻˣɲˡ
˵˵ʲôҶĺôͲǳˣҳԻɲ˵ԽǱԽš
ҲЩ̫̫СɽڵӶ˵ҲǸٸӣҴСɽǺú룬СɽҲẦСɽǵûǮȢްɣĻǻչ˵һҪǲӦҲˣҲǿ


253ϰ

ǲСɽҪ߹СɽȻҸطĶأȢϱ
һĽܴ󷽣˵ָ֮ʮӣе飬û뵽ġ
ҲǺܺÿû뵽ͱˡ
һӶˣһһҪ鴦á
˵߹Сɽӣ̫̫Ķˣһ˵úܶԣСɽҪȢϱǲܵģΨһľֻϱϱѵӺܶܶࡣ
ôҲԸ⻨ڹСɽϰ
СɽµĺӶҪչϴߺͲ߶ûϵˡ
Ƴһϵ˵
ûֱܾӸŹǽԺӡ
мĻܣ뿪ʱ࣬ΨһǣڵʱԺʰܸɾںҡ
ֱӽ£Ҳ̫̫͹̫үɫ
ŵ˵Ļÿһ£ǺģǲԱҲбµˣҪٸ˺Ǻɵ飬ʱһǮò
Աϲλү
ϵһ˵ϣȭͷսɫܺڡ
ǰలֵŮˣŶһ㣬ͱ㲻ˡ
֪˵Щ㣬Ҳǻá
䣬ǰڼˮأϷһ˵Ц
ϳĿһ۹¼ŭֻܶҶ֣λСֲǲ֪һӣʱ˺ˣҪһСİ϶ĺˣǾǺ£òʮӣҸĹһ֮Ĺϵ˴˱Ҳûйϸ𡣡
ܹһΪλᷢչôˣҪϺӣ͵뿪̫̫
뵽ĵھˣԼҲǸô͡
ϺµúܣҪ˺ӿɲãƹĸ첲С˽ɣǿŤĹϲ𣬽ҵ˸õĹޣӦÿĲǣĲӦΪѡ
ʮӰù̫̫ʮߣҲӡ
̫̫ҪϻģϾˣһ˶Ըˡ
ϺĻ£ʮֵõġ
ϰϱҲʮˣҵƢһֱ㵣ңǲƽʱȥʲôҰѼҸ㵱Ժ˵㡣
⻰ӹ̫̫˵Ϻܾȡ
ô϶ᣬô˺ģȻһֱдܶ鶼Υġ
ҲʮӾҪҪҪҾֱˣȵԱԴʱǾһӶòˡ
ܲͷͲ뿪ҡ
Ҳ̲סһȭͷŭҪŮˣ㲻ôǺãʮӣֻҪóд飬ûжʮ̸
ǼۣǲмΪܰһأû뵽ôЭˣϽдȥԱҶʮӣһǮȫɲ
أ鴦Ҫ뿪ġ
ֱ˳ȥдֵֻйɺ͹ҹǲܵģڿסֻй
ֻʣϼˡ
̫үһû˵Ҵû˵ķݣһжǹ̫̫
̫̫ǿһϣֿһ֮ˣСɽһߡ
ȻˣСɽô˵Ҳϵ⣬㰲ģСɽԺĺӻǻչģҲԸӳСɽȢޣ˰ֻҪǮͺð£ǵǮҾͲΪ
Խ˵Խп̫̫һҪƿˣ԰ȫεץС
ûĵطûĵطȴ
Сɽڸϵǻ״̬˲˲١
Ͻÿܵݡ
ô
Сɽſǻһ˾ˡ
֮׵ᵽůҳ˵ɣ̲۵ˣװɵ
ϿŹСɽ㲵ۿˣҵĶʱίˣײãȻ״ߡ
СɽݣŶãСɽǰݣҲ֪Ҿʲô
ʷ̹ܲĿһĻ
һλĺԽУڴ汻ңĸ˼ңЩˡ
ʲôһﰡҲܳ£һ־Ƕʮӣȫܳеġ
ԽԽʼòˣһ⵰


254²ƽ

ʷԽԽƽ⣬ͻȻվɵôɴó϶ֹʮָϻжء
ղһֱڹ۲ϣ˵öʮ˿۵ģ֪һкܶӡ
Ҳûʲôܻ䣬͵ϵͿʼ˵
һԵúܣ˵˹͹̫̫·ɱʷ
ʷﻹһû䰡ǰ磬ôû仯лֻ棬ҲӦ侮ʯ
ۿŹʷΪԸӳСɽҿԴҲԲߣҲӦ

ʷ￴һ۹̫̫̫̫ԥˣǼᶨҪ㵽ӡ
һԺ㣬棬ʷҪǸóӸãһҲܵõࡣ
˿˵̥Сɽʱվŭӹʷһ޳ȥŮˣţ˭ĵӡ
ҲװɵˣԵˣõĽ
Ͳȥˣûطߣǰʱһֱɽܣһס˵ɽûǸһ˰ȥ
òܸ뿪ʷȴм˵թ׸ӡ
лϲСɽǰŭʷӣҵĹǵĸо
ʷﲻϲˣСһ㣬ôСʱҲһʺһź㣬СҾ̬ȣ
Сʱ򱧹Сɽ͹ɽһЩڹСɽ
СɽмĿŹʷ㱧һΪõôʷҾÿҪҹӣڳҲϺӡ
ʷﱻСɽˣŹСɽǽ˫ۣ￩һ£ȥŹСɽһֵġ
չ쾲׵ʱԺűƿЩŭ߽Ժӣȴڹ
ôǰĹϵͲãȥŹؼǣðѼҳȫ˵ԽԽ
ϵĻ֮ȴѹʧµŮˣŹδе㡭
Ҫ֪ʱŮҪǲ࣬ǻᱻģҵļҹȻûôϼ޸֮ǹˣȻ˾ô̹
ҪǴȥʲô棬ȫǶ˹˵
Ժ˻ôˣ֪ôЦˣⶪĿɲǹһ˵棬˵棬ȥˡ
ԽЩԽˣԼŮ湴˱Ұˣ뿪֮󻹲ֹһҰ˯ڻŵˡ
ҪΪӣҪݺݵĳϼ⡣
Ȼʲô˴ˣϾϵɽй˵棬Ȼԭ¡
ŹԺӣλİҪŽȴֱסˡ
š
ԱϵģǺ¹ʲôõľٶ˼ɫƵӣȻܾôˡ
ǲŽȥΪϣʲôǲܽ
һֱŵҲΪǣǾµˣ»£ǱҪȥš
һһŵӣӳЩ࣬ɲǶ֡
յһɱ˲ɣǽȥġ
ԷҲʾȻҪȥţĽôܡ
С˾˭֪ǻԷʲô£֮ڷ˵İΣֵܳеţǲǽȥԲУنС㡣
ڵĿŹԹҲĲм
Щ֪һ㣬֪ǹڴĹѸȻͿʼΪϡ
Ȼëһѣ˭أ͵ү
ӣе㵨ӡ
ǰĹͣס˻ͷ˵̸ˣȰ˵ֲʲô˵飬ǽǣλ˵Ҳ˼һ㣬ǿѹͷߣɲǵĵ̣ҪǴǹƳ˴ӡ
ھС˾ˣǿɽ壬󲿷չ
ȻкܶɽҩȥˣҪС˾ֵܳ˲ӻǿԵġ
С˾˵Ļȷ׵ȭǸŵĻȷЩףλүҪ⡣
ЩϴľǲԹɫԸͨĴһֻеλˡ
ǲܵģŹĻܶԣǿѹͷߡ


255

ʱҲҵһ̨ס
ƺһţǽֻ׼һԿţûǲķݡ
Ǿ档
С˾ӣʶȤȻԣֻȷ˵İȫڱǲܡ
һ˽ӡ
϶ϣ´ϣò˵ϵı仯ܴ󣬱ǰ˲١
Ҳ͸һӰ
֪Խˣ˺Ŀɲֹһˣչˡ
ܶʱһ飬΢ԣȫ˶óеΡ
Ĵ£˳ȥǴĹ˵ӡ
̲á
ϲƲ죺ҶҲһˣҪ뿪Ӧøе˲ǣΪԺҲᶪǵˣҸ֮飬ûϵҵʱұߵʱҲûгΪ˵һ仰
ģʱߣȫ˶Цá
ôĻҪ뿪ˣȴҪһܸʲô
еûжĹϵ
̾ϢһǸʱ͹й̫̫֮飬Ҫ뿪ϵȫһ飬ҲΪ㣬ȥܷɣޣӴͲǹˣǶҲи
޵ĳͷ࣬˵Ǻĳͷˡ
Ҳ׹Ǹ⿪
ǲԸܳͷ
Ҹ֮飬ҲãҲöԣ֮Ѿ̸ˣҲʮӣȻҶ˹˵棬ùӲң֮ߵһȫĴ
̫̫ˣһСŭҪŮˣȻ˵Ļ㶪Ƕʮ⳥ǼҵģҪ⳥ˣԼӳ㲻кܶô
ϳĿһ۹̫̫Թ̫̫ȫӡ
ǰ¹̫̫˳Ź̫̫ҪڹҵӺùһ㣬ҲϣԼǺˡ
̫̫ʲôˡ
гӻʣʲô˵Ҫ߹СɽʹӦˣǰ̫̫ŹСɽ͹ɽΪ̫̫ϲӣϾӿΪҴڽӴ
Ҳˮ֣̫̫֮ԶԹСɽ͹ɽãֻֻΪģùڹϵĵλ
㣬ΪιСɽڼװ֮˵Ҫ߹Сɽ֮󣬹̫̫ôˬĴӦ
վΪӰˡ
ΪԹ̫̫ѹͲö࿼ǣֱӾҪ߹Сɽ
ǿɱ
ʷʱվҵģŮϿ϶ֹʮӣȻҪˣҪ⳥ңôеӶô⳥ҲŮ˺ƭˡ
ԽԽӲֹˡ
ԽԽʡ
ְȻҲҵôĽҲ취ˣŲɲܹϸ
һλشıˣ治˭Ǯʲô°
ʷ죬ָֻŵģ޳ȥŮָֻʲô
һ۹ʷǹ˵£ûʲôϵ
ʷﱾͦŵģĻŭˣĵ׾λ硣
Ĺĵ£úúãˣҲ˵˰ɡ
Թһ˵ķӦֲ֡
ٴʵϣ˵ˣ
ƳһվһԵС˾еףˣǲȥõģұߵʱûаңһҪ뿪Ҳң֪ǰ˺ܶඪ˵رԲľǹһңЩҶֲҲȥܳͷ
ʲôЦӴȥƨҲÿ鴦˾͵ûȥʱôԱ⽻ôźˡ
Ѷ΢΢̾ϢȻ㲻Ӧô͵ټȫˣʱ֮д취֮ĺҾͰдһҲ߲ˡ
һֽ飬飬ڱĵȰѶõ취
Ĺĵȥ׼īʾͿʼдš
ʷ̲סˣΪϻдӵ飬дȥ֮͵ˡ
ߵߣɩӾˣһŮϵĺܶడӶùɲܱⲻҪŮˡ
ϵĿһ۹ʷ͹ʷС˼ǿöġ
ʲô뷨ԼȥҿûʲôϵҲֻˣųܴõġƳȥǹʹ붼Ҫ롣
͹ʷλһ㡣


256⳥

ʷȻ֪ôģֻǺʧϾȻϵ
δӸкܴĹϵɩӿˣôҪ֪ĺӳûӣȢϱҲûӣ˵һ㣬ѵ㲻ȥ飿ȥ״Ԫ
⻰߹ƻ΢΢еĶ
ԲʷﵱǹʹĻᡣ
һ׬ǮģҲῪãҪء
֮ǹʷﲻҪ
Ҳǣһ޳ȥŮˣʮûлؼңȻһؼҾͿʼŹָֻŵģǵ̰С˵˼Ҳڲزס
߹ѾѺдãǸһ档
кܴǺܶģʧ»߷˴֮Żд飬֮ûʲô飬˴֮Ըֿ
ϿдʲôҲûŰӡǵ峤ܲ鷳һ
Щ죬ϵƢӵ˲٣ǰϿɲôһε뿪ϸıˡ
źһ֮ĶʮҲдˣȷҪ߹Сɽ
ϵͷߣСɽ˺ܶ飬֪˵ʲôˣ˺Ҳ˺ˣСɽ
ΪĸգΪ˹СɽʲôԸ⡣
ҲȰСɽڴҲʣ֮ǰǼ̫ˡ
ʵһָڴûȥˣƫǸƤġ
һҲΣЩʱĸо
Сɽˣûϵ
һдݣһһݡ
ҪŵӵģʱΪƾ֤ϵҲʧ
ԺϾ͸ûһϵˡ
ϲŰֽӡ̰ź鶼еóһֽǮһָ飬ҪȻô֪Ůǲ˵㻰
ĵ׻Ǻ̹ܲѾǩֻѺˣһжɶˡ
ֱӴϽǮóһƱûƱ峤Ŀ
ǼƱģϸϸһͷƱģǸǮׯƱֵǶʮӵģƱκһطһ
ŰģӹʱϸϸĿһ飬ϴθƱϸ˿ȷ֮Űġ
ʮӾˣŽʲô
Ժûϵ
û뵽Ů˵ãܹǮԱ⣬ҷһһҸĻⳤҲָԱܶһӡ
ԽԽѸȻеǮһ̰ͼɫ߾Ѹеӡ
֮Ѹûаϵȫ˲ٵߡ
ҲѸƽ⣬ҪȻڵһѪ϶ܹôãɲܹ̫
õ˺飬ܱ۵źá
˿˹峤ҵȷô˶ˣӣæһЩˡ
ûӣĿϣǲãǲУеһжӽһ֮ǰЩӻܴˣڡҪĵǸһʱ뿪ӣһù˾һ𣬵ʱô顣
еҪ뿪
С˾峤ܲͨһ£ǻôŷ˻ȥء
һӵûǰϸүһû룬˵Ǽû׷үĹǺõġ
ԭ⣬ǻɱָͷŹˣǰǾԲܷŹϵġ
С˾˵ֻ̫࣬һ԰οϡ
ʱ磬Ҳڹ̫̫ңվҵ߿԰ɣұ֤뿪ġ
ȴţҪȥҸ㡣
ε̬ȺԣҲֻЭ
ֱ˦뿪˹ҡ
ϲһ߹ʷͶŽŵ㿴ɣ㻹ңϿ϶ֹʮӣ˵ٸӵʱѣϻиࡣ
ʱĹ̫̫ҲźúܣڸղûжҪ
ҪĻǷӡ
Ʊҡ
֣ҪѶʮƱ
ȴЦЦƱֱӴ˻С
ӻǶŰɣϾ֮ǰ˵ּҵ顣
ЦӸ˹̫̫ܳҲɵ
ĵ׺⣬ʱ䴵ͷЧˣȻ÷ˣⲻǺʲô
ЦҲ̲סӿϡ
̫̫ɫһ䣬õڻûּأӶҡ
ɵҾﲢʺϵң㿴ôǼҲû¶ӣӹýͰ͵ģʹˣʱúϢˡ


257

̫̫òУָŹһ㻰ҵǲǡ
ЩͷˣҲʮˣѵͲеԼ
һǰӣȻ׬ǮˣӶ䵽УǸʱôô޴ء
һӱý
ʱ˿ڣȰ˵£ʹԺͺúõϢЩʲô
ǲϲ̫̫ôͻܼ¡
̫̫ǽһⲻǴôһһʹˣĸѿ
ʷһԽĲ̹ϱ㲻ܰҲ׳ţôܳԱΪǳԿںóԵģǰҺͽ㶼ˡ
˵һ˿Ǽʹúܣ˵õ˹̫̫еİ
ԣӦǹһӵõ˹̫̫еİ
Źʷ㲻˵û˵ư͡
е㷳ƣʷʱԱͼӴô
ʷ첻ˣ˵ôҲøʮӰɣôȢҲ˲ٵǮЩӸûϵ
̫̫͵Ŀһ۹ʷŹ֣ʮӣʣµԼȥּҵǻúúʱ϶ʲôɡ
ŮּңǶҲÿ˭֣ǲ϶ĺӡ
һϣȴҡͷ
ӦˣɲаһȢϱء
̫̫ŭˣǸȢϱ㻹˼ϱ֣õļұŪɢˣǰǼһᱻЦڶǶʮˡ
һһкǴӹѸſʼ仯ġ
ǰһ˶ȻҲһ˹Ҹ
Ū֧飬ɽԸؼˣСɽڱϴˣִҰ˵֪Ȼ˻ôЦԽԽ
еŵȻǸûĶӴӰ
̫̫Цˣô϶ľǶӣô϶϶ĺġ
Ѹĺܣĺӵȷǹģ̫̫õʱʱ˵һôܴĵġ
ƫ¶ʲô
˵⻰ҿɲԸˣĺΪʲô϶ǳģǰȻҳϣҾһһΪˣһʳ
ŭʮķ
ͷҲ˵⻰ͲˣȻǰǲã֮ȷûиˣ˵͹ˣ㻹˵ЩͲ˰
̫̫˵ôͲˣ˭ĸҪǿǵӵķϣȥˣڼϵǸǼأһôɣ㿴˵߲һˡ
ϱʲôҪģҪӡ
ԽԽӲҪģϾҪûô
Ѹıȫ˵ˣЦ
ڲҲúúõģΪϡڹأȵ
ʷʱҲ˵ˣϳȥתȥˣҲ֪ȥ˵᲻˵˵
Ϻ͹뿪˹̫̫ҺϾֱȥ˴ӡ
һе㵣ǣǰϿǺϲԸģҪȥɼҰ
ҪȥѲҪһ鷳ɡ
εĿŹھһЦǣȥǸģ˺ܶ顣
ǰΪҪֺù̫̫ԼҲԡһֱΪϣһ뿪˹ңڹŹһ⡣
̫ů󳹴ˣϣʲôˣҪǸطһӶˡ
ȷǲĴ󳹴ʹǰ̽㵱ҪȥǸôͨġ
ϻͷһС˾С˾Ұ׼
Ը֮ſûһվ˵ͬĻҲ֪ԼڴԵҶ˵ųĻ̫°ɣ뿪˴֮һЩ࣬ƲѲȥ˹ԺʵҲΪʵӣá
͵Щ˵ů֮󣬲ŽĸоһЩܿɹ
϶ĺܺã
̾Ϣһһ̾ϢͬϵɣҲ̾ϢĻҪĴһںܺãһҲ֪϶кӣСһ㡣


258µǸ

ǵϵʱððʧʧģȻоһλıˣǻСһǡ
ܹӿɲס
ϵͷھεĵͷҺҪȻͶŮ˫ȫˣҲҺ壬Ȼһھһӡ
ھ˴ʹ֮᳹׵ɣ뵽ǰĴεúܡ
ȻҲ֪˵ֲĻαһֻھκǸ⡣
ľϱˣ̶̵һʱ䣬һһ㣬ǰڴ֪øȴĪľе㽲
ⱾǺ£ͻȻ֮ȴеԽܡ
ϼɻһЦǰҵȷܿɶ񰡣ΪԼ棬Ϊֺù̫̫˺ܶ˺һҵ顣
С˾ֱȥ˹ɼҡ
֪ϻˣû뵽ϻ
ҪϾȻ
Ϊµģ֮ͷйӦò¡
еĻˣЩɫƵĿϡ
ϿǴǰڴʱЩƾɣƽʱҲең˿ݣڵϵĶѴǺÿͷϵķҲһ˿Ҳмɫ
ϼɵɫǺܺãһЦɡ
Խľ裬ѯʾʲô£ôлھˡ
ǰǼҵǸģҪ뿪ˣղѾ͹ˡ
һҲûϵû뵽ƢȻҵ룬ҪǹȻӦֻϳ˲Ӱɡ
뵽ǼҲ磬ûǾԲ׷ŹϣȻеͬϡ
ƲһϵǸͲˣҼЩǲԭġ
̾Ϣһ¶Σ֪㲻ԭҡ
˵ţִ˳ɨָϵôˣǲʲô˼ҸϽ뿪ҪȻݹҶ㲻
ǰϣָ˭֪ʲô
ʱҲ˳΢΢Ҳе
ϼˣС˾С˾Ѷ°ɡ
Сɽվߣڴ˿̣ŹСɽϹ
һٶù˶Щ
ϺεǰҲãЫĳӵĻˮ˺ܶ˺Ǽҵ飬˵ֲ֪ǲҪҲ֪ʹңҲΪԼƱʲôҶԲǼҵġ
˵͸ϿͷСɽҲͷ
̾Ϣһ䲻֪ĻǼ⣬治Ǻĵˡ
ɣǰҲԭ㣬Ҳ׷ǵĹ
վһжȥˡ
ԭ϶һЩ£Ҳȥ׷ϵΣϾܹѾǲ׵£ϣԺ󶼲ڴˡ
ѹСɽȰ˵Ҳɣǰô飬Ҳ˵ԭ¾ԭµġ
Ҳûԭʣ϶ô飬Ҳԭϵġ
Ǻġ
ҺܱǸ˵̾ϢһѾС˾¶ˣתߡ
Сɽ̸ϣʲôطʲôط
Ըһ׼뿪ֻǹɽסϡ
Ѷ߰ɣЩǲҪҲ÷
εĻͷ°ɣһ㣬һͻСɽ뿪ӣ󡭡ҲܼˣǰĶԲҲʲôʱҲôҲһ
˵꣬Ҳû£ٵĴŹСɽ뿪
ˣæȥ
һߣɿϣ£˵ҪʲôǸĻǼ⣿
һϵоٶֱ̫ͻȻ
ҡͷʾ֪ҲЩ
ǰʲôӵ˴жͻȻ֮ı䣬ҪҽܻҪʱ䡣
ٹɲϽܵġ
ҪһаɣϾôȱ£ԭģ꺦ôңҲҿб¡
ҪȻһź
صߵʱ˵Ǿ仰ǶԵģŹ̫̫һ۸ҵĻҲһҴĵطɣҲã뿪˹ң֪ҲǺõġ
ӻͷ𲻻ܹʵѾ˵˺ܶණ
кӣ͵Ϊӻ°ɡ
ȴ׵ķŹϣϱӵһĻĻԺأʱôȥģҲΪм䶯ֽš
ôˡ


259ô

˺ܶ౨ŶΣȴû뵽ΪϵĻ˷硣
Լʲôˣһȴ֪ôϱ
ΪĵĻôϱҲǿˡ
ַǲԭϵģŭҪ¹ǸãҪٲʲôǲɱ˷Żֻ֮ҪµǸˣܻԭˣⱲӶŮˣҲǻá
ͻȻͻһЦֵĻͨˡ
Ϻ֣뵽һЩĶҲԭϣǣȻû鷳Ҳ˼鷳ҲҪ뿪ˡ
Ȼڲ֪ô죬ΪβһҪΪԼҪġ
Ϲ𴽽ǣҲűҾţ߳һҲǺܲˣʵҩ飬ȷһ˵Ĺûй̫̫ҲûӣŵǸҿóĵģ˵û鷳ǵȷñ𰡡
Ƕĺǳ϶üš
ĻǿԺúÿǿˡ
һˡ
һǸģֱӽҵϡ
ԲȥĴ峤Ϻܲ⣬ĵײһгʲô¡
£һһԣŵǵ㼱ææģѲʲô鷢
ͷҲûӣպùҲӣûԥϵǹҲ˽⣬ͷһãǸģѾдøӡǰҪģǹҼʮǰͷһҼбľΪȻܣҲ˼ҵ£ϱϾǶǹ˵棬ȥ˵Ҳ
⵹ʵҲ֪Щ棬ϾӺСʱ򣬹ͿʼЩ
ЩҪôϣʵǴôϣ
ҡҡͷҲͷ۵飬ϵңҲܰŴǣ֪ͨǣһô飬ʵҲǿˣ̫̫ߵʱ򣬴ȷûԸΪ˵һ仰ҲֲôңҪ־͹ԼڻҪ߹СɽҲûʲôϵˣǿˡ
⻰ƲƲɱһҹúöˣҵôҲû˱ôûΪֺ̫̫Υĵ飬˵ףϽҲǾȡͬˣǴӵڿɲãͷֻҪһң˶ģұҲᾭ˵ǹҴ壬˵ǹҴˮãǳһЩţ񡣡
Щģÿҩܶ顣
ôһϣӶȢϱ
ҲܹԣôŬ̫̫ͱĿ
Щ˼ˣΣ˵Ļĺе
˵ĶԣЩֻ֪ǡϸǹҲûٹϵˣ˼ҪҲţϣϵЩֶΣڹҵʱˣʱ룬Ҫ˶ʮأ˵ͬ⣬а취ùͬ⣬˵ȥ˹ٸҲܺˡ
⻰˹ɵע⡣
˵Ҫ⳥˶ʮӣ
ͷʮӣЩҶˣҸİӣǻ˼ҵļҶ
Цû뵽ǵ컯
ͷȷǵ컯֪ͨȥãҪˣҶûʲôİ취
ٴ߹ɿʼɹҩݡ
ߵ˹е㲻˼ȷеˣŹ˵Ļѡ
жңҵġ
Ǽǰôң˵׻Լҵġ
˰͵ǿϢԼӲ˲۸㣬ԼӲҲֲñ۸
׵ģڻΡ
һԹɡ
ͣеĶϵҵȷ̫ˣǰǼҲΪԱ̫̫һֱ۸ǰûкˣһֱĳһвң㲻룬㻳ϺΪ˭ұɽƵ˳棬һҲԭôϺ͹̫̫һֱǣŪøӸȥֹ˭ȥɽϴԱɱˡһǲԭκ˵ġ
һĨޣϱӡϱӵıݡ
Щ˺һҵˣչ⵽ı


260

ϳĬˣɵÿһ仰ذһġ
ǰͬˣ˭ͬǣںһҵʱûһĴԼôȥԭ±ˡ
Цһε̫ˣŵ˴ˡ
̫飬Ϳ˵ıԡ
ԺĪҪ˵ԭµĻ˴͸ýܳͷҪȻҪٸʲôãϣ̫̫飬һֵԭ£һܹȻڣΪĴ߹ģǼᶨģǴûȥǹκˣûȥκˣһ㹻ˡ
Щеϱ׵˵
Ǵδҹ鷳һֱǱ鷳
Բھβھεġ
Ҷ˵˼ˣ׻ס
ɹ𴽽ЦЦǰ۸̫ˣΪǵĺˣ۸
ϵͷͬ˵⻰ĺ˾ͱ뱻۸һƺû취ѡ
Ĵ˲ࡣ
ڼңǱȻֻܹȥˡ
úܣǹˣվ濴һ֡
ڹɼſڵŹһȥ
õϢ˶ãǴ飬ĻһӴ´帾˸˼ҵķˡ
ϾǿߵλСˣϷˡ
Ǵ飬Ҷ׷׵ڴĺ
͹ҵļλ֮ϡ
վһԣһҴžûˣû˵ֳǹСɽͷվһԡ
һȦִ˶ˣܵҡҷ湩Ʊӳյޱȡ
дҪϵ飬Ŵﶼ˵ϵ¡
ﴫϢܿ죬󲿷˵ȷ֪ϵ顣
һ׷׵ͷʾѾ֪
ϱϾǶ˴ҵ棬ʱҲϣԸó⳥ҡ
ʱȻ
ӿɲ٣һóҲǴֱˡ
۷׷׵Ҹλ幫ˣѾ룬Ҳ㲻ǹˣλ幫˼⳥ţȻǮá
˸۷׷ףҶЩҡڲϾӿɲ١
죬ų׵İ
ϵʲôԴ˵ġ
ҪϵĻźãϾҪһǸ
ƽ͵ĿһȦԹһھθУԴȴûжھΡ
ǵ֮ǰ˺ܶԲңҸҲصӲ࣬Ҳõóˣ⳥Ҳҵ⡣
ʮӣڹﻨ˶ʮӣﻨӣʣµĶʮȥɽӣʣµǮǸСɽҵġ
ÿһǮ뾫ϸ㡣
˶֪ϸˣҲ˵Ҳǹˡ
ɾĿϣȻһԵʹԴĹСɽƽ͡
ûж뷨뿪õġ
ֻԸ˵ȴҪ˵
Źɵ㵹˵仰ô
ڴ棬ɵǺҪġ
˶Ҫӡ
ԴʹɵҲġ
ЦЦվһϵˣǼҶû
ȴô׵ķŹɣЦɿɱ˵ڴ˶ûʲô⣬ôģ϶Ǽҿ˺ܶ°ѵô׵ķŹ
ɫ΢Ϊϵ鲻ãǴ
һױôʵǿЦ
Ŀһ۴غܼǳһûڶǺϣǺ޹Ǻޣ˼ûңܲΪ˼ҲǣĻʲô𣿡
⻰˵ն
Ըܵ˹ɵĲ죬Ҳмҡ
ЦҿûңҲǺϵɵôͽеء
һһ飬ЦŴ˵ûȷеңô˵ɣԸ⳥ӣ֤ҪǸҪ뿪ˣԺҲûϵ⣬˵ѾǹˣȻᶪ˹ҵ棬ͰףԺĴҲûϵ
˵꿴һϣò
Ŀ⽻ɺƽ
⣬˵İǮҲͬģЩƾˣȻҪɾҪɵ÷һ㣬ӹҲҵٳӣԸǮҲԣٶ⣬ʱ±


261뿪

ɵĻô˶𾪲ѣû뵽ɻǮ޽á
ҵһѾǼʮǰˣڵȷƾɾɵģرǷһҲÿһ궼޲һ£ֻ޲ȫֻǱ֤©ꡣ
ҹ˵±ܶĶˣҪ֪һֹ±ǻģֻҪǮԺܴӹ±ϿԼ֣汲
˭뱻˼ǵãڹ˵⻰֮󣬴кܶ˿ʼͬˡ
һͲܹ˹±һǮʲôĻᰡ
˵飬û뵽ǰҲõ飬⵽һµķԣڣȴܵô˵ӵ
˲䣬мԭɣһڶôȱǮˣĻᰡζԺҵĺ˶ܼǵЩ˹±ˡ
Ǵ飬ҲĶˡ
Ϊ峤Ǵ峤鵱ȻҪͷӦǼԸóһӡ
һԵǶ飬Ƕǰˣܹ˼ǵȻǺ顣
£λ϶̲סʾҪǮӴǮʶǸǡ
ֻôϵ¡
ʾҶô飬ôǵȻóӲǴңҿҲˡ
û˵ˣϾ͹ɵ˼ôˣѾǹҵˣ׷Ͳ׷ɣǹһˡ
Ϻ⣬Ϊ˻ôΪһ£ôƽ͵뿪
ȫû뵽鰡
ԼҲйɵĳɷڣЩǹɰ飬ĵ׸жȴھ
ҲܸӵģʵȻݺϵϻʲô
Լ޵ǸԼԣû侮ʯ˵Լﻰ
óӣҲǵõ˴ҵԭ¡
ѾûϺ͹Сɽʲô飬ϴŹСɽҹȥ
˻޸õ飬ôӣһֱ޽ש߷˳һտõˡ
ĴҷڣԳŴҶǵ飬˭ҪǮ¼
һֱæҹæꡣ
ɾܺãһ϶Ϲ飬˭Ǵʶֵˡ
һ͵Ŀ佱ɣ˵ҳһ˲ùͨ졣
ڿɽŪȻģڶʹ˱ĴӣܶӶҪЧ£ȴûйôŽᣬǲܵˡ
߹õ֮Ϳʼ
رǹʷûдӹ̫̫õӣĵ׾Ϳʼôռˡ
Ժ濳ڼ˹СɽҶ˲٣ܾ˵ʲôġ
ŴĹʷûڹߣܵ˹ߵҸ¡
ЩĿһ۹ʷһʷǽ񣬾ûʲôˣ˵ɣǲʲôˣ
ʷʱˣһ޵ĿŹԹ˵ʲôأƲҰô˵СʱϵҲõģھȻ㲻ҡ
Сʱ飬ʷĹϵã뵽Сʱʷɸģ˺ࣺܶ˵ɣʲô¡
ʷƲƲ죬ĵ˴ˣ׬ӿɲ٣˵ôܸչҩݣʱɹ˾ͿȥˣһҲ׬ӡ
⵹˹е飬ЩĿŹʷô˵ġ
ܺ¹ʷĻӣСʱʷĹϵõģȻҲǿ˹ʷĻӣ뵽ð취͹
˵˽úܡ
ĵҲ˷˼˿ҲǺ飬ԱҪСģԼԿ˶֪
ʷԼ뷨ڴô죬˲ٵˣÿ˶ܿ϶׬˲ӡ
˲ĽĽ͵͵Ĺ۲˹ɣֹҲֻɹһҩݣûʲôرַ˵ҩչֻҪɹ˾ͺˡ
ŵĵ⼸Ҳûţ춼ȥ͵ɹҩݣҷɹҩݺܼ򵥣ҪǸչˣʱ͵ĳȥһζ׬üʮأϵӷҲǷţֲ̣밡ܹһӷǶӣöӱӣɰԽԽԣ
˵˵ԼĶأ׬ǮĺŵҪûжӣ治Ȱ˵
̫̫ʷ˵ʱ򣬾ű͵ţ˵ģʷ˵Ķˡ
Ҫ׬ˣȫ밡һġԽԽĶ
Ҫǣôǰû뵽չҩأչҩݣΪʲôͲչˣ̧߼ǮͲû˰ҩ
ʱֱ˹ɵ⣬ҪɣԽԽġ


262

ԽԽĹ̫̫̲ס̤ţװ֪ʵ˵ʲôһɶӣ
ʷļƻȻй̫̫ΪǮǹ̫̫
ϽǰŹֱֺ̫̫õʱǡ˵ء
̫̫Ƴһ۹ʷЦ˵˵˵Ǹʲô˼
׬Ǯرڹһҷǵʱĵ׸Ҫ׬Ǯ
ѹһͷ߹ҵ⣬ǿա
ҪǣԺӵ˭Ҳͽ
˶ģţֻҪЩҪˣͲ˵ˡ
ʷŹ̫̫Ȥɫ˵ףҪ˵Ŀһĺ°ڴһȦҶ֪׬Ǯ飬㿴ˣ϶׬˲ٵӡ
ĵ׼ʣڴ˼ҵô꣬ûд湻ҲֻǱѰ˼Һùһ㣬ڸɽȴǱȲϵġ
ĵͱռݣͲܹ׬ǮǰҲӲǡ
ʷ˵Ļ̫̫ȻǵڶĶѡ
ûʲôƻ
Ҫʷ˼Ҫô׬ǮϾ⼸չʷ˷ܣһǳȥϢ
ҲˣѸͷҲŹʷ˵
ʷԺĲһԺҹ۲һ¹ҩݣֻǰҩϴɾ֮Ȼɹɹ˾װҲ˵ҩʵǺܼ򵥵ģֻҪɹɾͺãǿڴչҩݣֻҪԸȹɼҼǮһ㣬ҾͲţЩɵȥǱ
̧߼Ǯ˭ҲɵӲǣ϶һѡǱȥ
̫̫ȴ̧ͬ߼ǮҡҡͷɲУ̧߼ǮĻ𲻺õĺ밡̧߼ǮҲ̧߼ǮһȥҲƴ˼ҰϵӿɱǶࡣ
ʵ˽⵽ĹмʮӣҪ᲻ö໨Ǯ˱ˡ
о鿼ǻ죬磬ҩݾɹ˭
˭ؼģҪҺҲС
ҩɹ˭ʷʶҩõôҩˣ
ʷˣͲʶЩˣʱ϶˵ʶҪȻͻˣؿڵһ粻õģȥͺˣʶܶ˵ġ
ʷնĻش𣬹ˣϾôʷﶼûҪƭǡ
̫̫ǲʷ⣿
˭ǮҲ˽ǣܲɵĴҳӲһɣ׬Ǯôָ֣ʱֳʲôìܡ
ʷϾӣ᲻óӣһ˳Ӿͺã֮ǰʱҲʮӣǿչټչѩء
ʷĻҲе
ɲ֪̫̫ǵļƻ
ڻˣһȥĶҲһζܶ࣬˷ܵӣɾ֪һ˲ӡ
ù𾪵ǣͳؾȻҲˡ
˴һƤʱ򣬹𾪲ѣȫû뵽ô⣬ͳ˵Ҫʱ䲻û뵽˻
һʱûˣϻŹ͵ǶɫĶ׹ӡ
ǰˣһֻģظҪ˻
ܵǰ־ס˹ɵĸ첲۵ɽôô࣬ǲڼ̫ˣɹ̫һҾͲҪ
۵úܣһμɵʱûôڣڹɱһκ˺ܶࡣ
ڰæŶȻֿտգر֪ϻУ¶ϲȾơ
ˣȻûѲٵ˼
ķһۣųأųذһ͵Ķ׹ţЦﻳأҲģұҪ֤ҩݵƷʣҪǲ˺ƹɲҵġ
һ俪ЦĻĲƹʧ
ϾƹͦãÿһθļǮҲܲԭȻҩݵƷʺãƹԸôǮ
ػۣ㿴ɹˣһҼڶˣô࣬ʱһɡ
Ȼ࣬׬Ǯ
֪һ˶Ǯ룬һҲ١
ԣһҲֵõġ
ЦʵãҲʲô̫صһҩݣæµԼҲͦõģ治Ķ


263³

ȷϲȻһ㵫ĺܳʵ
ңһ뵽Щҩݾǰ׻ӣôо
ˣΪһھ²ɶǹһϲ죬ֻܳԸֱǴں￨ܲѣҪֳȥΪԵĻͻӡ
ڣȻ࣬ÿԵĶܺãʲôУҲΪӷŵ￪ĵЦգĵױ࿪ġ
˼ο֪ǵңңû£ϰˣҲûЩжۣƽ¶ѡ
ųؽԺӡ
Ϻµţ϶ԳغкøУѾͷܶ¡
ֻڼ֮󣬸ϲòˡ
ڳǰ˴ֵӣùɶ£ҪϤصӣɶᱻڵƭء
ʵΪģ̫ƭԡ
ϺС
ɬĵĸĪҪؾͺˡ
ָϽȥˮݲ衣
ʱҲŶӣֱӱϺ¡
һγһλСˣشһλѾߣ˶ܶڰæ
ϰ׼õóϣк˳ԡ
͵͵ĿŹɣۡ
һʱûɹ˺ö࣬Ҳ֪ɹ˶̫ƹ˵һ˺ܶҩȥЩҩݵƷʶܸߣһ֪ǳԹ֮֡
Ҳ˵ôҩݶǹһƵģæþãնҩݶ
´ųأԽԽϲ
㣬һ̫ˡǽСأⱲչصĶ
غܵһЦʵҲʲôصĶֻǰ֪ĸУʱǸ֪ĸϲϲһֻҪ߶Ųĸüˡ
ڳǰһܵ塣
ų˵еܳ˼ҵС㣬Ȼûһ֪ˣ˭СҪȢˣİ˱ӵĸ
߶ţ߶ţֻҪ㲻ǼƶͺãϷӻû¸ӣƾɵúܣǸסĵطǼҺá
˵Ͳ˼ˣҶߵŵڰ˼ҼﱦĴСȴҪסǵéݡ
֣ûоȤ
ӳͺٳǣڰǸתһ
һȫΪԵʡ
Դһж棬οɼȻӺƾɣʰúܸɾһˬĸо
˵ʲô֮˵
ǺϲĻĸɲҪ˵⼸ջ߶ǣֻҪɽڣҶԵġ
ϲɣɴһ;ú⡣
Ҳĸǲ֪Ѿͷĵ׿أôһ·϶߶أĵװɣһˡ
˵еʹųãһιɾǰŲȴ˲ҹɡ
߶ҲʼɹɣЩ棬ѵһʣϾĲżһιɣ˵ĹϵõĽ
ûϣЦӦģһֱôãֲǲ֪Ҫɡ
ˣԼòƻġ
úúҴˣҲõôû⼸ɺúõ档
ءߡһϺ͹ʱĴŲĸˡ
ϲľǳصĹ龫֣ûеĶⱲӴһ̿ʼҪŤתˡ
һж˳ٵλãǰڷչ
ͳҲˣǮ˳ݸ˹ɣǮģòɵĴǮһ֪Ӳ١
Թ˵õϺӣʣĵĪǮˡ
ǮӹһͷأŹжӣ
ص²ж١
¿϶²Ųһ¡
˾ʮӣ֮ǰھʮҡ
ȴҡͷٲ²¡
ûףŲһң
ҡͷ
һԵĳЦͱΪɽˣҸɽ˵ɣһһʮӡ
֣ɵɴ۾Ǿȣ˵һʮӣ
ͬСһͷЦҿźƹģһʮûƹ˵ȥҩƷʺܺãҩöҪҩء


264

Ϊɿأһ׬ôӣҲֵ˵ɵ֮
ĵ׵ԽԽݹˣҲ׵ķѹһֱ˵ǽεεĴС㣬ԱֻǽεεĴС㣬뿪˵ʲô֡
ԽԽûҲԺģʶôҲı²ǡ
ÿһܵõƹϿɣɵ鶼رĺá
ǺƹˣһֱҡЦ˵ܺá
ȴпϣͱǫˣһ˱𴦵ҩãҩձûĺãĥһģҩˣϵĿҴԸȽϺõҩݣиһˡ
˵ߵݵһ࣬ŴϰĶţóһСľӣӲǺܴ
ЩɻĿųڲŵʲô
ӷϣԶҽģȫҽ飬Ҳ˺ܶط˺ܶҽҩҲ棬֪ϲԺһġ
ĵʵǺԶͶɵġ
ϾɿΨһһװеŮˡ
ҽͺܻϲҪ֪Ͼ֮ϲľҽ顣
վӴ򿪣ܾϲĿһ۳ĵһҩⶼǺĶ˵ֵǧҲΪ
лл㣬幫ȥ˾ǣ֪ǹ𣿡
ʱҲæҲûʱ˼Ķ
һȥǶû˵Զ飬ǸʱԶȥ˾ǡ
Ӱȥ·;ңԶһ㶼ǰȥ
ҡҡͷһʱǻмղſʼԶߵʱңһҲˣѰ˼ŵһЩһ͹
ЩҽԹ˵ޱġ
Ҫ֪ҽǺִŵģ״򾭳˵һ仰ǡѧֹҲͬһ仰
ڿһ仰ĺе
վչţҽ飬һγѰҵĳ֮ǰ֪ΪγҽôȤԭΪѰҵġ
Կ϶Ǻϲɵġ
ҪùɳΪɩӣǿ϶Ըİ
أǲбҪһ£һδȢһδޣûлԼһԡ
һķɽ㲻֪ҸЩʱж棬ȥһҪѰȥдҩء
һ̧ͷȵĿųųЩ΢΢жӵˡ
ǱС˼ĺӣȻˡ
ڹɵע¸ӻңѾͷ˵ֻҪϲͺãԺһġ
ϵ۾ת֮䣬ȴԼĵǡ
ΪˣôϲɣֻǡȻó棬֮ʵǡ
ŲԵһ˵Ҳʹࡣ
ֻ˼ҳû˵ʲôҲø˵ʲô
ɵķӦҲ֪ĵûбġ
ԽԽ̾Ϣ͵治СˣҲ֪ʲôʱҵһޣΪףǵġ
ӱУҲŽݡ
е㲻˼ڴϵǼ̫ƾˣ㲻ҪⰡ㲻סҼңǸ㰲ŵķڸӼҡ
һܸסһһҪ˯һ˸һ˵Ļ
Źڴʵһ˯ô
ɲ֪Ҫʲôʵʵҡҡͷһ˯
һЦҵȻȥ˵˵ίһȥӼ˯Ҿ͸˯òãһûи˯أҺɽ˯һ𡣡˵ҡŹɵĸ첲
ܲ˱ίˡ
ųǿͰ͵С̲סӦúúãȻҾȥ˵˵ˣӼҿɱҼҺöˡ
غȷĵͷһҪ˯һ𣬻нĪҪ˵ʲôĻҲЩģҸҲЩҵ˵үүǰҲסµģǸʱҵǼó˲ٿͷŽģС˵סʲôطҪ
ɻδ˵Щ飬صĻ𾪵ġ
û뵽ǰȻҲԣ
ǳݳصүүܹһаѳҷչ׳󣬲֪˶ٿͷ˶ί
Եүү
ذ̧°ͣҲԺǣүүݵˡ


265³ҷʷ

ɲɶԳصүүʵүүôһߵڵģ
ҲǰңжȻ׬ĿȽ϶࣬ÿ׬һǮע˶ٺˮҲֻԼ֪
̫̫ɹҩݣҩǸرܶҪƵҩݣʱ򻨷ѵ˼ࡣ
һҪ֤ҩݵƷʣñ֤ٶȡ
˵ģܶʱ۵ֱҧ֡
ΪʵɣֻҪһ۾һϱӵıңͺ޲һ˷ֳɼãΪһƺҲֵõġ
ڳصүүǾúܣܹһųϽյǿʢ϶Ҳ˺ܶɡ
ûԹΪҲ𾴳ݵˣƵĵүүʼѼģ˵ǸʱΨһľǼ˺ܶѼӣѼûмôѼڸвûмôãүүΪüѼȥԼѼõȥ
Щɵû˵붼û뵽˭֪ҷҾȻѼġ
û뵽İѼһɾͣﰡ
ͣһ¼ǸʱͻСǵõүү˺ܶ࣬ѼúˣҲùˣѼǮȥʳڸչõԶĵطȥһĻǮүүҩݣƥıԼ̣Լҩãׯҵֵʱֿ̣֬¥е̵ȵȣֻүүҺСʱȥˡ
˵Щʧ䣬뵽СʱүүĻг֣ȴѾȥʮꡣ
ĳصĺ󱳣ʧ䣬վųصģͶܲܳΪһ׸
һˣʮǮ˵ӻüԵ𷹣ӹһ㣬СԶأ˵󸻴ˡ
ţǰ·Զкܳ·Ҫߡ
Ĵ𰸳ػ붼룬ȹɻŵһܳΪһ׸ģŮӣɲ֪Ҹ羭ѵأ˵ʲôᣬֱһĲֵҺŶһҪҳ
ɵû뵽ڳôߡ
ص۵úܣЦúúøʱҾȥ˵ȥô˵أǽεεĴСû취ȵģʵҺĽ㰡ҼôõҲôˣ㿴ǲǱ֮ǰһȦ
ΪŮô᲻ںԼòⲻǱΣ׬Ǯòֻѡһֻѡ׬Ǯ
غ۵Źɵȷ˺öأҸ̵ֻ֬֬Ҫһͻ׺ܶء
ɺܸжġ
غܵɪԺǣɽˣҵתһ°ɣһûأǰ׶ҵߣҲΪҳҪ棬ϸһ˵ûҲл
˵ίأƽ߶Ǻɣǲ뿪ǣڰǸתһ¡
ûɵĸоܲá
ʲôǰѾ˵ܹһȦǸء
ȻҪӦģųسݣ̸
ҪҪǳȥһȦҪڴתתƣҪʱȥ󶬷һ飬Ҵسȥ
ֱӴӦȻɴһ
һ߳ѾߺС˾Ҫ
ӣ֪ûΣգͷԸ°æʲôǾʲô
ѾߺС£ȥ˴ӡ
ɸֺȣһԵĳĽ
ʲôʱǣϹɵС֣һεúܡ
ԣɶǲǷʽԡ
˻϶ȥɽˣµĶһЩͯ͵ˡ
ţܾôӰúܲɺʵôأЩȥʲôط
һԵĳĽ˶ȥɽϲҩҲŻɽܸأżӵ׬Ǯ
͹ɵ
ҹɴһʼͺܺã׬ǮҲŴŴһ׬Ǯ
ڵĳѾѹɵ˳ݵĶ󣬳Խ˵ԽعɣҲüˣһλ˵㲻ô˵ɽ㶼ôܸɣɲ󡣡


266´

ֻҪϹɺͳһ䰡ȫһ԰
ҪǳΪɩӣǾ˫ͬġ
һ۳أûжǱڵ˼Һɲһ˵ǱȲɵģϾҽܵѾе⣬һжǵǰãֻȥյķʽͺãԼһǰܲˡ
Ҳ۹ɵĵطֱӸӸɣӺùĻǶԹɵ裬ΪкͱŮӲһһԼܶĿĹ
ɱÿЩ˼Ƥû취
һЦ֪ﳰЦҡ
ؼˣŽŲɽԩ˰ҿûҪЦ㣬˵Ķ滰
ҲĿŹɵ˵Ҳ滰ûгЦ˼
ðɣõĽ͹Ҳˣĵ׵ĽõģôôļҵǣͺŽԿףӹ˳˳ˮġ
ֱߣһһ߽Ǵ˻ǺܶģȻпɽ嵫Ǵչ࣬˵ǰﱾûдӣǹҵﰲ仧
ػȻĵͷһ׵ģ
ȴ˲Զ̫̫ҵǼ˻û鷳
˳ųĿ⿴ȥıǴŽյĹ̫̫ңҡҡͷЦ̫̫СŮҹ鷳˵ǳҪ׬һӣֱӱ׺˳ȥ
üͷɵж֪ģڹȥֻ׬ӣ˵֮ǰԤ׬һٶӾͺˣͲֹһٶӡ
̫̫СŮҪӾͷһĺĺһ㡣
Ҳÿڣ˵˸ĹϵҲðɡ룬ɼȻֱӽй̫̫СŮֶԸ˵˴֮Ĺϵ϶á
ԳûʲôģɵͷйʷҵСã˿ɲʲôˣҲһʱͿʼ۸ң۸ף̫̫һλԶĲ򣬴ΪбˣԻҫ
һμʷʱ򣬹ʷĴ´˵Ǻܺõġ
ʱʷȴֹʷĴ¸˲࣬˵鶼һСӣ׬˶Ǯ¶̰ҲƫˣۺֿԿ϶ʷʵûжӡ
ˣĵȽܶɣΪûһ㳤ӣȻ۸ôС㣬ǡ˾͸öԶԶġ
˵⻰Ҳûע̫̫ҵԺűˡ
ʷץһϹĿţƵ߳ӡ
Ҫڴתתƣû뵽һžͿ˹ɺλİŮ
ԶԶİŮϵĴ´˵ǺܸģѲǹ¸ϵĸ֦
һ뵽ԷǮĵ׾ͼ
ʶһһ㣬ҪԷԹɵķУǡ
ԽԽϽ첽˹ȥ
ںͳͳ˵Сʱ顣
žǴСɽ͹Сɽ۸Ϻ͹ʷ۸£Ҳ˵˴ùǵĺá
˵أû뵽ʷͻȻվһԡ
ʷ˵ĺãʱˣĹӿֱµ˹ϡޡһ:Сڸ˵ʲôأȻ˵Ǽ˺ãǼ˾Ϲ
ͶԹʷﷴеĹɿһϻûȥĹӿǣһģѹӿǼȥ
غͳҲܲĿŹʷĵţŮİô³
ʷ֡ޡһֻһû¹ӿǣֵҸǸΣȻ˺˵˵аûѾͷͦĻİǲݿϷλ㰡Ҳϳҵĸ֦ɣûѾͷļư
ɵúܣӻصӹò˳ҲΪɣһôʶôӾȻӦ£ڻҪ˴˵Ц˵⡣
ֲǲӾռֺ죬ԸӰ
֮һжǹɵĴѾͷǲʶôʶ̧١
ĵ˵һѹӿǸҼȥȻҵǸ
ں˵ʷĵߣȡֽԣһ¶Ǹܲˡ
ԹʷҲǵ˼ޡ
ʷ￴˹е񣬸ƢˣеˣͻȻˡ


267³ذ

ɵƢܺãʱĺܺãȡֲˣǸ
ûôõƢ
ʷһԸӿǣģŭ
׵ġžһɵİֱ˹ȥ
ŲһĹʷˣɾȻִ
ûüӦأһİѾͷкã
ȻʶʷľٶҲޱȣɵİĵ׾̹ɵֽкããúá
ʷк÷˷裬ָųغ͹ɾˣҪƴˡ
ֱҪȥһֵֻ˳ǰ˷ƣֻҪʷͰѳػ
֪֡
ֱһץס˹ʷֱۣ˶֣ǰվŵĹǲ𣬶һλǲ𡣡
ʲôЦΪһ׸ӻǺܴģôܹùʷ򵽳ء
οղŹһҲ˵úãʷʵ̫񣬸ôҪǿʷŮˣҪԶ֡
Ҫǣɾǰôܹ̹ʷ˺ɡ
ʷŤӣֱ۴ӳи˳ŭǲ㲻мǮôǵӶȻǴ˼ҵĹӸʹСɣǻ֪ɣߵС˿úܣ˰ǳҵĹӣ֪ҵĹӸ磬ڻ㣬ҲǶһ۰ɡ
Ȼﲻûٳ嶯ȥɣҪ֪ǰˣҪǴԿĻһúġ
񿴰׳һŹʷȻǰڮٹأĳЦλѿɺã㿴ҾǳҵĴСأԱλǱãٷĹӸؾǳҵĴӳҵҪɽ㹴ҸأܳΪɩӣ飬ϧɽ㲻Ҹ硣
ۡһԵĹɱصĻŵˣػʲô˵ô£
Ҳ˵ˣϾҲﻰҲҪɡ¶һ˼Ҳɡ
ϧɶû˼
Ҳܵ˹ɶĻرܣ˵ǶĻرܣ˵ǲ
ʷĻû뵽ǰľǳҹӸС㣬ŭøоҪȼţųСʲôţôôС˵ôɻҪᣬʵ̫
ָųص˵˭أϹһôȻšǸСӻأôܽš
Ů˴඼ںЩġ
ƽȻŰ裬ҲƢȻֵģҲǷһҲ
ֺǺǵĿŹʷ˵أô㻹ϰҲˣɫĳȹ֪ʲôȡô˵ľġ
첻ƫеģʷﴩһɫĳȹȹӱǻ˼С㲻Ҫȹӣһֱɱ᲻ôء
ɰһû뵽ôܰѹʷ˵Ȿǵúúѧѧ
ģԲϲ䵭
ڮ˼ҵʱҲôУɲûȥ˭øұ죬ĪҪʱǻͲˡ
ھʷôڮٹ϶ܵġ
ʷﴥĵһҡ
˵е¡
ĵһ˿η֮УҪβ뿪
¹ɲʷƽϣϾýѵҲѵˣڻأȶһҲΪԼҲۡ
Žż⿴Źʷ뿪úܡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ֱһ׼ʷ˻ڰǣһ仰Ҳ˵ġ
ʼΣҲû취ͷǰƣҲˣڴڮңڴ˶ҵΪˣײ࣬ˣ۾ֻء
һ̫̫ͬʲôӵ̹
ȷеᣬԺԶˣ˷˼
ڴתһȦ֮˼ҡ
뻹ǰʷ˵˵
ɹҩݵĹ˵֮Ҳܲãʷﻹҹ㣿Ҫ
û뵽Լһû䣬ǰһģһˡ
ɵͷεɲǣ˵ûܰӣռܴһ


268

ʷһᷳ
üͷҲܲģʷΪͬʱҲһУôСͲʲô˼ˡ
СʱһӵĻˮû뵽ˡ
ӾҪɵĺʨӴ󿪿ڿҲеˡ֮ǰţʷĸıˣʲôѻְܳһ¡
뻹ˣ͹ʷˣãͷֻһǾǺûñ
һЦҵʱֱӾܾ˰ǸģҲ֪ƤΪʲôô˵ġ
ҲӦʷҲûӦʷ
Ǻ˵˵һ֮飬ǲ˵һ߸ϵģǲɫġ
üҾµڱҵǺ⡣
ǵģľǹڱǺں
ʷ޷Ҫϵõô
ǿ϶ʷɫģΨһıǹˣ˼ᶨ
ԱҪѹùʱڹʷĥӲ
һھΣǰ̫̫ҲΪùɺ˺ܶί˺ܶͷ
һийϵġ
ɺôңͬĴģǾԲٷڶεġ
ѣԼܹصޡ
ᶨı֤һӦöԵģǲٺͿˣǰͿˣѾѡ
ͬ룬ʱֹʷˣһʱһһιʷȻһûɫţƤֽҲ֪ʲô
͹ɹҩݣ˯ϰߣ˿˯
Ҫæȴɺ͹ȰסˣôҲǳҵĹӸ磬ôִֻܹء
˿濴顣
ʷһɺ͹һͲˣƲˡ
΢΢ü˹ʷѾöûмʷˣò˵ʷҲˣ뵽ǰʷﻹǺͯΧתƵʱһз·졣
˵Щ֮󣬹Թʷﲢû飬ĵôŻˣ⼸껹ûϢ
ʷе˹ҲǵģôҲãǷɻڴҲˡ
֮ǰԹԹ׬Ǯ˶֪ͨ
Ʋ죬̲סһģʷ滹е񰡡
ûнӹʷеĶǵ˾ͺãȥ͸ңӺùΪܸɣҸǱҲϾ˹ϵҲϵ
⻰͸һŨŨԶ
ʷһɲҲܵˡ
ɫһ׵ҵ
ҡҡͷҸֻͻֳʲô۶ӱȽϺãڴ浽ڮɣһûˡ
鶼̣ΨڮٹɣϻľٶǾԲܵġ
ʷﲻˣü˭˵ģʲôʱڮٹˣֻ˰ɡ
ЦҲ㳳֣ûôһֻ˵̫֣һ㣬õӣһϣҲҵãҪ㻹ǰȡ֣ײҲգ˵Ҳ˵ǲТӡ
Щǹ˵ģҲ˼䣬ʱû⡣
һп϶ģϾϺ͹ǲ˵ƭġ
ʷȷܹˡ
ʷɫ˵ЩĻ
ɫεֺõ֮ǰҲǺͿôֲǲ֪׵ƢǲĻ϶ס˼գҲ֪ǰǱȥģ˼ܣɢġ
ȻǼٵģûʲô˳ߵĶ˵ʲô˿Լ
ѹûʷ˵Щ١
ӹʷ˵Ļһ䶼ţôСͺܻ˵ѣҲرĶ࣬һǿ˵ǱΪ顣
ôȥûʲô仯
̸ֻ˼仰ܸܵʷǰ˿ûиı䡣
ǹ̫̫˼ǹʷԼ˼ЩҪǲˡ
ʷ϶ģĿĺܼ򵥣ڹѰһͻƿڡ
һ㲻ڼңмҸɩ˵ˣҲ֪֪Ǽ岻
̽ԵţĹ۲ɫ
ʧûдӹϲʲô
һʧ䣬ѵû˵Ǽ飿


269̺ݻ

Ҫǹɺϸ˵Ǽ飬ôڵҲȽϺÿڡ
û뵽͹ɸû˵
ٴοе㲻˵˰
ɵ˵ʲô£
ü˵ʲô£ǵˣҲ֪һ㲻ҪҶȥǵġ˵껹ȤĿһ۹ʷ
˵⻰϶ǹʷİ˵鲻ҪԸȥǡ
ʷˣָŹԹ㡭Ѿͷôô£ʲôҪ飬ôҪ
ɰһ۹ʷѹͲŮˡ
뵢̫ʱ䣬ôҩҪأ˴ҩҲҪôʱ䵢顣
΢΢üʲôֱ˵ɣҺæûʱԵ顣
ںܲϲʷȻûʲôģǻǰ϶Թʷϸ뻹ûǸҪʱѪˡ
ʷֱ׳ô˵ҲãǮһҲûϵɣֽˣҿûи㳳ֹСʱǵĹϵðҿͶҲȻһĺ
һαɺϸ֮к̹ܲ
Сʱܺãһܾ˵껹Ŀһ۹ɡ
֪ȴǹɲмǶһʯͷܡ
׼⻰ʱƽûйĵҪɣģǼƼҵɣС¶
ʷｹˣɿ϶ͬİһλ֮Ĺϵ˵Ǻġ
ԣ˵ǾԲܵġ
Žŵôô֣ôļҵô͸ˣɲŶ󰡣ŮվҪ޳ȥģҪǰȥ˷ô졣
⻰ֱۣʷﻹ¾⵱滹ء
û˵ǵŹӦ¡
üͷõ˵ʱעһ㣬һǼڽƼ֮ıģǰңҲûӣֻ֪ϷԣӹÿͰ͵ģڶɵĹ͡
˵ͣһ£ĿŹʷڶɼ޳ȥҲû˵ǲԸһ⣬ҵŮʲôֻҪܹÿҸ㹻ˣûôƣӾһĺδ̫һ㣬ʵ˵ˣҲԣֱǧʱ׬Ǯһһ롣
ǧӿ϶ǲܵģҪʷ֪Ѷˡ
Ļǰһⲻžܾʷô
ʷ϶òôӰҾ͹ʷƢóʮӶܣռ˵ģȻͬ⡣
ôô࣬˺һĹʷŭùǹΪġ
ĻͷҩݣһһߵҩһôҲüӵ˵ҪǧôͻرߣͶӶˣǿչʮ絽ʱ򶼲ҩҩ׬ӲͶˣҲǿõķҪǧһ˸ǧҶӦ
һ죬Ҫ̲סЦˡ
ʵǹ˵⻰̫Ưˡ
û仯ô󣬾Ȼѧ컬࣬ſڴƻˣưѹʷá
ʷĶҪǧӣôôҪأǰûû뵽û뵽һǮ˾Ϳʼˡ
ŭˣеҩֱ棬תʵôˣʲôطжˣǲ˵⻰ҳϣһж㡭ǰŹһң۸Ӻͺӵ飬Ϊˣˣڴ浽ɵףֵ˵ǼҵĻΪ治֪ϽԺĪҪǰҪȻ㲻
Թʷﵱûˣ磬Ƿİ
ǰʷһԵǼҵ飬
ʷеηĹϾе㺦£Ҫٽ籬ӣӲڱֵ쾡¡
úúãǵ˵Ļһʮ壬չҩôҾͲˣһ㡣
˵תֱ뿪
ʷһתͿʼæԼ飬ûʲô˵ġ
ʷԶɲŸпղ̺ݻӻôһ¡


270ɩ

Թʷв˵Ϊɺ͹ûôϡ
Ͼʷֳʲô۶ֳҲ
ȵʷ֮󣬴˳ͷϵ̫۹ɣС˰ֽóߵ˹ɸǰȴ˹ɵͷ
̧ͷɡ˼µģϰɹ̫ˡ
֪ģǰųͳڴתƵʱ򣬳˵ЩɵȻ˳ĲҲ²ġ
һݸ˵ģҽܣֻѡװͿ
ǹˣƳԹɵĲһ
һٶȷţϲϹˡ
֪ҵĵλ˼ܹǣϵģϽͷͷϽЪţҸɹϰ˲µġ
⻰óζʵ̫ˡ
ŹѾת飬ɡȻеɡѧŹɺ͹ӷҩݡ
ȻܸɴɡôŹɡ
ɸʹһɫʾȥֹǿͣôܹó顣
⣬ƹɿųվŵϽȥϢҪɹ˻ȥƹԹҵġ
ҲʶүֻܰѻƵƹϡ
ЦеĻûͣ¡
֪ҵҩ÷ģѧҩݶҲãֻһˣ֪ô£ҪȻֻʶҩݣҩݵַһϲͨҲе˵ȥġ
ҡҡͷεһ۹ɣȰ˵ûˡ
Ҳû취ȻȰ˵ûãôͲȰ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷ㲻˵
ѧŹɵӷҩݣȽϸߵļӣźѾС˶Żˣͺ³һСˤ
ȴеĳҲˣԺģϽ˳ȥ
ȴǳվ϶Ķһ˵ġ
ѾҲСҲڷҩݣҩ滵Ķ˳
һ
ʱ߹ȥ˿ɺ͹Ժ£ͣúܺãټ֣ùͲĸкøУɽʵĸģָʱˡ
ðɣɶԸ鿴еľɣҪһ𣬾ֻܴӹ¹ˣֻҪϺ͹ˣôҪ˵ɻ׾ٵ顣
Ҳ֪ɲԣֻ۹£Ȼɶܼ֣ôˣȻҲֵܼġ
Ժԥĳæ¡
Ҳ취Ч
ĺϲɣֻҪùɶкøеİ취ȥһ
ʹĵͷͬСһɰȵ϶ЧҪɽкøУһҪòͲĸϲ㣬ҪǾ˲ˣֵɽиˣ˵ԺʹӦˣһ˵չô죬ǸɽѡʱҲԱȣô㣬ôǵ۾
ϸƷζصĻǰһо˵̫еˡ
ɫ˲ˣ˵Ѿͷôôࡣ
صƤͷΪŮӾۻЩҹʲôģһ濴ǺܺӣһֱȢЩ˼ҵСԭһʡ͵ĵƣɶˡ
Щǳ֪ģֻԶһʱ򣬶Щݺݺ޸Уǧƪһɣÿһ̬ȴ˿ǵ֮ġ
ЩŮӲǼƷˡ
ЩĹޡ
ΪˣԶڼ͵Ĺʱ۾ҲƲ
ǲҲϣɳΪɩӡͻȻ뵽һð취ظɹϵܺðҲùɸı̬ȡ
üЦȻϣģӵһ֪ǵĹʱҾҪΪɩӣŮ˸һ治ġ
һ۳أԹŪúͺܴƵģȻҵ¡
ʼ磺Ҿһ磬еЩҲȣҲ˭
ҲǳһС㣬ҲǳһӸ磬ֻǵСʹӣ»кüܵöǻء
֪ΪγһůƽʱǴֵģʵ˼ϸ壬Ҳзִ硣


271СʱȤ

ɺ͹ҩݶˣƽʱĬѡƷҲܿ죬һѡ˶þꡣ
ѡôҲúúϢϢ
߽Ժӡ
ȥס˹ɵֱۣ۵ɽŶϽϢϢ
˵꣬һԵѾߵȥݲ衣
ѾߺСж
ݸһЦòġ
ðɳѾͷóû취
غࣺǰûˣܲľͲ㿴ۡ
Ҳ˯ˣ߳һƷӣŵĺȻǺɫĳ񲼡
ۼ⣬һ۾ͿǺɫĳµġ
׼£϶Ǹ׼İ
ſɵ̴յϸǰĸ𣿡
Ϻϲأð˼ҵС㶮Ҳܺá
Цŵͷһ۹ֵΪɽ㲻壬ӱȽҰСϲȥɽ񣬻߸ŴĺͯȥҰˣס廨ҲСˣʱ׼ˣţϣܴġ
˵Ůôе˸С
ôһŮ᲻ü޳ȥûõӣ϶ǲͬѹɼ޳ȥġ
ԶͳͦõģϧλӶǴ˼ҵģݸʲ
ǰð׼ҲԵ޷֣͹ɳá
ˣȻ˵׵Ĳ٣ܿ۵ĸûС
鼱Ҳã᲻ðѹɾͼ޸ɿˣҪѡŲС
صûЩȤĸ˵˵ɽСʱ飬Ȥӡ
ϵһһԺܲ˼ĹɣˬʵЦҿɲҸ˵̫࣬ɽ㶼첻˼ˡ
ɽòĸ˵ĺСʱȤ£㲻֪Сʱж࣬ѧϰ黭øѧҲˣΨһܳȥ͸ʱ䣬øЩҹ黭
˵ͺŶûõͯ
Ҳǰ飬͵ҲСʱȤ˵ĻСʱȷܿ࣬ǳҴС㣬˵·ʼһֱѧֶҲһ΢һ㣬Ѿͷ̾Ұˣƽֵģﶼû취
زϣų˸ȻεĿϡ
ǰЦ˵ɣʵûˮ֮ǰҶܵƤģһҲء
ʱɽˮʵѾˣһεĻᣬϧڵһС
ʲô˲õĶȵʲôˮɽ֮ǰˮ𣿡
ɵͷ˹ˮˮеʱ˺ܶ࣬룬ҲĻһҪıԼ
ȻǼٻϱǵҲˮܿͱˣһֺܶ鶼ĸıˣΪһжˡ
ƹˮվ˭ôȻƽˮ
֪ɽ˭˵ֻ֣ǲʲôˣǼ˶ʲôˣ⼸ڴܼǼˡ
Թ̫̫һҲûһøУرǹ޷ôˡ
ط߷߲ƽǲĹʷǼҵˡ
ʵ벻ϻôˣôãȻֺ
ɰοأһжȥˣǼҲܵӦеĳͷ˵ҲӦðɡ
ǺôôĻƦӡ
Ǽ֮ҲǹĶǣҲûֹ¡
һ̾ϢһЩ˻þۣڸǼһϵûˣҲǣҲǼӹñǼ˺öˣǡ
õıԽԽãԷԽԽ
Ϲۣ͵ԼǿϷġ
غߺߵԣҪñǻãǡ
ɼǸʱôǼˣΪҺҪٸǼһһҶñǺ᲻õܿһЩ£ȡ˸ɵҩͯĻᣬҩʶҩݣѧҩݣһߵ죬ȻǺ˳еɹˡ
㲻öɹֻ˵Ѿ̤˵һкܳ·Ҫߡ
ҲţԺԽԽãҪ޽ݣڳլӡ
غܾɣϽɽĺˣڰǴδܸɵŮӡ


272

ⲢǳطеĻʵʵ˵ڰЩС㶼ǽεεģÿ۵ôǮô׬ǮԼЩС㲻ãðɣŮ˻ǵеͲУ˭涨һҪŮˣ˭涨Ů˾ͱڼչ˼һɶûС
ò˵غ͹ɵ˼Щͬ
ĵҲôģ飬Ůһ
˿佱еɬº͵ʵҲû˵ôãЩСĶҲᰡ˵ĺ統ңҼӺùһҲˡ
ûԹϺ͹˼ֻǾһʵкܶѡѡ沨˳Ȼѡƴһ첻һδ
ϱӵѡǵһ֣ϸҩȥԼҲͶԾһѡıǵڶ·
·ȻҲһ׶˱ӺùˣҲΪʳ
˵˺ܶСʱ飬Ǻúܡ
һûȥСϪأɽæܴܲȥȥСϪ㡣
ڼ첲¶˵ǰ㣬žºץзһȤúܡ
Ҳúһغͳ
ѵһˣȻæտýϻ˫ڼҰæ
ʱ֣Ϻ»ˡ
һƼˮĳؾúܡ
»û˵ףȻ˵׵˺ܶ࣬Ͼûһһֱš
񣬽һ۾Ϳ˳ء
ʱĳΪӦԺӵ㻻˹ɵѣҲ˹ѣûһӣýϾֻǴæġ
еͿѯʵ˰
ɻĿһ۽ϣû˵
ܴӽϵпͼûøеġ
ųû˵ˣ㻰أôشء
ذһ۽ϣΪʲôҪشҶ֪˭
ҪǿϷŽݷŶһ仰뿪ڵġ
һЦǳԼϰǹɵľĸǲɵѰ
ϸйϵ̬΢һ㣺ɵãȻĸҲһĸɣǰˡ
һˣʲôʱڰϽˣ˵ô
ر͵̬˲ǿӲˣľǱ飬ڰǾͱУɼұɢĵģֱʣ϶ûأͻȻֵĴȻˣ鷳ƿ֪
һ۽û˵ˡ
һϧģδƳصĲ졣
ϧˣһ˵û˵׿ԿǿҶӵģ㿴ǱǸСӣ˺öڷ̤ʵ
˳ſϵֿȥǿ¡
ڳﵹ˵µ飬֪˺ʵҲ̤ʵ
ԽĲϲ
ͻȻƤָָλûҸ磬֪ҽʲôҽгأҵĴС㣬λҸҵĴӡ
ɫһףʶˡ
ؽ£ⲻǡ
Ȼкܶȱ㣬һ㻹ֵó޵ģˣܿԼݡ
ǰǳҴС㣬˵һûѾӣһ
ڵԼĴǸСĪҪҷ˵ЩĵģΪ֪ǳҴС㣬һٸҲҶӰ
⻰ɫ΢һЩ
ǵƳһ۽ϵһҪԼæȥɡ
Ǽɺ͹ǱչҩݣϻźӻڶôҲŰ԰ѡĲдƷ
ϲ˼뿪ȴͨͨţҺóûƽϡ
ɲ֪߷飬˿̵չҩݣڴʱԺ洫һߺ
ʷڲԶչҩˣչҩݼ۸š
⻰һ˵ע⡣
ҩ˸ɼҶϤһ˰ѴϢˡ
ЩŭҾ˵ǼҪ۶ӳ氡ȻҲչҩݡ
Ϣʷ͹һⲻǹô
һԵЩҩĵ㰲ģֻ㡣
Ҳ˵ǱûɶöȣƷãֻҪɵӦöȥš
ߣɶôãҲ鰡
˹ʷߵʱвЩԭʷҪչҩݰô
ӵ֪ǵļǮ


273¶

ӵڵչ۶һǮ˵ûȥǱֵĵǺܶࡣ
ڹһԣ⻰΢΢üе㵣ˡ
Ǻ´Ұҩݶʷǣûҩݿա
ֺˣʷΪ⻹ǷѾĻ
ȥѹ
̫̫ҵûôʹ֪ǼʲôΪھӵĹ϶֪ڹ̫̫顣
ӸϽȥѹҲֹͣչҩݡ
һˣùʾ٩٩
ǼһͲ£ʲôû׼
ϲˣҲÿԼĽʲôû׼͸⣡֪˵ʲôˡ
ļ֣Χǽ춼ȥҩǱߡ
ӲˣΪʲôҪҩǰǱ߳ٸߵļǮҲԸȥġ
ζЦЦΪǱ߼Ǯ߰ܶ׬ǮΪʲôȥһҪǺòӡ
ȻǱҪ棬ôͺú濩
ӲɵһԵĹҲɵΧŵ˶˹ɵ˼
Цеǹȥ˰˵ŻкŶӵһȥ
кܶ಻˶Ӷǰ͡
ܲɵȴˣ͵һЦ
ŹôǶԵģԷôôͰҩţ׬ǮǺܺã׼һЩҩϤ͹ȥ
Ӱѹ׵ŪͿˡ
ãȻĿˣе㲻˾Ҫ
Ϊΰ
ô˶Ź̫̫ˣĵеš
ºһЦվʷչҩݣȻÿһﶼһǮȻҪȥ׬ҩݶأûطţռطҩһ£Ӻ͹͹ȥˡ
ʲôû׼ҩݣ⣬һβ֪Ѫ޹飬Ͳǹɡ
ȴһԵ˫˳Թôôת䣬Ǳʲôû׼չҩȥҲֻˡ
⻰˵ˣˡ
ԹΪûԹӦ
Ǳ߼ȻĿŵ̧Ҫչҩݣôúʣһѡ
˫¸ϽһҩݣЩ̫ռطҩݶһ£Ȼʷȥ
˫Цеȥ
ߵĹʷνǸ˵úܣǹʷˬ̫̫йһЦ⡣
Ϊҩݻ᲻˳û뵽ЩһǮͰҩˡ
һ;ÿġ
ƺҩݵ˶һĬ˿ߵ顣
һˣʷ͹أ̫̫Ǯһԡ
ǲӳģҩݵ˶ҪʱҲżˡ
ӢӵֻҪҪǸǮԺҪǲǾȥҹˡ
ŸûһĹʷ͹Щ
ʷڹǱ߶ܵһҪǮΪεһҪա
Ӣܴ󣺡ΪҲǰҪǮҿ϶Ը
ܻ˵ţһҵжʮ綼֪
ҪǹҪǶ׬Ǯ棬治Ըõ
Ӻ͵Ŀһ۽Ӣӣһʲô˵ʲô
ֱӵŹ̫̫һ˵˵ţⲻǻĴô
棬ϻйʷԼ̫̫ɫˡ
̫̫Ȼǣǻõʲô
ӢӰһ۹̫̫Ҳûĵջǲգ
̫̫ò׸оҪüˣȴ˲Σô˵ӡ
ҪҲűˡ
ӢЦЦҲ˵ǲ
̫̫ûҪľѧһС
ǱǱ߸һǮȻҪһʱٸˡͲˣбЩ˲ռ
̫̫һ˵껰ղŻ׼ҩΧˣ׷ʰ׼뿪
˭Ը
ӱϱ¨Ҳ׼뿪
һ̫̫ˣЩôˡ
ʷܽôˣҪҩô
ǰعҩݣЩҲǰ׼ҩݱߣһʿνͻأúܡ
ϻǸˣվǰץס˽Ӣӵĸ첲Цһ߰ǿģǲԸһӣҲ԰Ǯǵġ
ӢЩͷֲҩȥ׬ǮŸðղǣǼҲǺܺã˭֪᲻ӡ
ɫΣǲҲǿŹǱһʱô


274²

ӢӲ̹ˣ±¨ɤӵҪ˵Ǳ߿ɲǹɲӣӺһ£Ҫʱһģɲǹɵʱģģû˵ʴҰ
ɲǣɵʱҪӵģǲԸҪҪӺҪӣûʲôϵ
Ҫ㣬ҪͬǾͰҩùǲͬҲˣǸǼҲϤûҪðա
ܵ˵ú棬һԼĿ
ȷǲҩݵģҪǶ׬һӣȻˡ
ڹ̧̫̫۵ΪҲûж࿪ġ
ϾǱԵˣҲչ۸ҪģܴŴһ׬Ǯܲˡ
ﶼûһԹɵ˼ù˺ܺá
񣬹̫̫Ҫѧеˡ
һǺܺõģ̫̫һǾǳˡ
֮仹û취Աȡ
ʷЩǲʶ̧ˡ
˵ʲôȴ˵һҪ뿪ĿȫˣҲһ
Ҫǵô˵òʧ
Цһұ𼱣ǿԺúġ
Ӣ̬ȺܼûʲôģһֽǮһֽҪԸֱӳҩݸӣҪǲԸǱҩȥǱҩݾеˣ㻹Ը˭Ը⡣
Ӻ͹Ҳһߺš
Ѿȷˣʲôû׼һҲӡ
⣿ϸ˶ʮӣһҪˡ
һһҩ̫̫۵ͭǮ˴ҡ
ҵǮıøɱΪǶһ˺üͭǮڶ컨ˡ
⻨Ǯ찡ֻһóôͭǮȥ
Ҳ۵ĿǮˣǮɲ١
תһ룬ֻҪҩȥ׬ǮˣʱĶôһҲûôˡ
óȥĶͶ룬ȵԺ׬ͺá
ȫ̺ܾܣΪʲôܵҵأͬչҩݣΪʲôЩ˿ͲԾˣǲе̫ˡ
ԽԽܣܾЩ˾Ʋ
һǰڴ滹˵ϻһˣأһֱƲĹܵ˴ҵأһ޽ôԸعˡ
ȥڴһ仰˵ϡ
еҩݶ˹̫̫һ˲֪мкܶҩǹ˰æġ
쳹׺ʱ򣬹̫̫ԺѾҩݡ
ѾԺҩݶսУͭǮѹֲסϲá
ϸгõ˲ˮЩԹŹɵЦӣһֵôôпҲ½ؿЦ㡣
ȴܻϲǵһδ׬Ǯ岻һġ
ǰǹ̫̫͹ǮӶԷ׬һٶǮмǲһġ
ϰһ۹֪׬һٶǮôģղž͸˶ȥһЩҩݡ
һٶǮǳǮ׬ӣǱ߲ʲôҩݶǵĸ߳һǮһٶǮһٶҩݻġ
ͳضЩĽɼַΧ
ǼҲʲôҪأҪҲͨڵܵǰҲչ¶ͽϡ
ɼܣĴδй
ߵץϵͭǮЦЦǿ޵ӻںأҲû׼ҪˣչȥҩҪǲϽƳֻ»Ժ档
Ǳ˲ҲȥǱˡ
̫̫һĿŵ⣬ôҲĴھ͵Цˡ
΢΢ͷȷҪˣǽӦһǧҩݣҪǲϽƳ׻
ҩݶǶֶģÿɶðеҩݶ࣬Ȼơ
̫̫ʲôȴչôҩݣǵӺܴ
˿̵Ĺ̫̫һˣνǻϲúܡ
̫̫ϣЦ⣬ǿҲ¶Цա
Ҿ˵鲻ôѣչҩɹȥôΪЩжིǼǮһ㣬ȫ͵ˡ
ʷֺǵôҩݣȵɹ˾ȥһ׬ӵģŹɼ׬ýģǷƵӻԶô
һۣƺѾԴԴϵӡ


275µɪ

ҲЦӯӯֻҪ׬һҲûʲôչҩݻۣź󱳵ɹҩˣҿǱ߶ɹҩݵļӣǲҲ׼׼
ûжٷȨôӶͶȥˣҪ׬ǮģȻҪΪҿǡ
ʷϸ۲˹ǱߣǰÿҩɹɾͺˣǽչĴҩݶֱӹɹģҲҪ׼ʲôӣ治ǻʮǰµôǾǸɹʣµҩݺˡ
˹Ǳɹҩݣܾù̫鷳һ㣬Ҫÿһҩݶֿɹ治֪˷Щʲôգĸ֮ģֱһһѵĹȵ֮鲻Ǹ㡣
󶬻в֮ҩֱӷͺˣȵʱֿˡ
̫̫Ҳչҩݳ£ԸճѼӻǴ治ôʱǽǾͺˣҶһ㣬չҩݾԼˣɲ̫ˣҪȻĶǰ׻ӡ
ǻ˺üӰҪ˷˻ÿ
ںж־бһоڱѹһͷ̹ܲ
Թ̫̫˵ʲô׼ʲô
ֻҪˣ˻ö߿һۡ
߹̫̫ҵɲûȥ¡
ڻźܶҩأ̫̫ҵҩݶҲǲͷŵġ
һһ˷һֱҿأԭǳ֮ǰ˵Ļˣھ͵ĳؼƽðʧ
ɲ˽ϵĹ죬ȴûжʡ
Ϲɺͳ˯һСѾߺСȥ˸ڴҽס
ǿҪסһ˯鵹ǰˡ
Ϊľȣɾڹ¾޽ݡ
ڼͲסʱԺһ㣬ѷ޽ɹҩݵļԺҲֻһ룬ʣµһλרҩݡ
ʱ޽ӣ˿Ҳסĵط
ڶĹɾˣͳĵҹƺ˵Ļ뵽Ҫҩóȥɹͳ׼
ȵ̫ʱ򣬳ͳ˲˴
Ժæµеȫɹ˼ϣһ˫¶æ
ϻԼ׼緹ġ
ҩݣһ֮ڳȻûչҩݣǰҩݻһЩûơ
ԹɵĶܿ죬Ҫڷغͳ
ϴ֮۵Ŀһ۹ɣѾ˵ˣ˺ܾãûϢؾɻˡ
ܵĿ⿴һ̧ͷͼ˹
ͷϵĻҲˣֻҪҩɹþͿԡ
վ֣ϴ𣿡
ܲϲɽӣƺ̫ˡ
ϴβ˵˿Խҽô
ɲ˼һЦһϰ߽гӣҵҽֻҪˣ˷Ҵȥɽϣɽϲҩ˺ܶ࣬΢һĵطûҰ޵ĺۼ
Ͼ˶࣬ÿһβҩӸţҶǴ˴ԵĹɽӵСǰҰڴӸǻûټ
ųͳɽҲˣ֮컹һ
ǽɽģ뵽̷ɽеʹϾ
̷ɽǱأûȥҩ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ̷ɽǱߴҶܼɻ䣬Ҳֻҵһδȥ浹û˵ȥ˶ģȻȥù£̷ɽһôˣ֪ǱûҰ޻ûԸȥ
̾ϢǣһôˣЩЩȥˡ
Ҳ̾ϢһǶɵģҲȥôãҲһֱڻɽеҰ޲ҳǺ£ܹɽϲҩ׬Ǯһѡһ˵Ǽ׼ôˡ
˵ֲҩݵ飬ɽϲҩȻ֮٣ϾɽϵҩݳһɸɾΨֲֻŻ᳤ò˥
ЦЦ뵽ͺܺãΪ׬ӣ˴󲿷ֶԸֲҩݣڴЩ˼ҲԸ⣬ֲֻҩ֮ȽջĲҩҾǱ߽ܲôࡣ
ؼ飬·ûҺãʼе㲻
ܴ󣬵жҲ˽⣬ڵĳ
̫ܲҩݣһֲҩݵ£׼ܾˡ


276Ͳ

ҵʵܴ󣬴󵽹޷ǰرʱ䣬е⣬óҵһ¥
ϱ鲼ųҵ̺ţ͹ҩ˵ҩãǵҩþ
ϾسǻӣҪĺܶҩݶڳҵҩû
ǺܶҩҲˡ
һֱģܴһԭҲΪҪ
ЦŹɵʮ˸ֲҩݣյҩҶҪ㲻ÿҩǲǹãֻҪǵãÿһҩݶֲһЩرǾõļζҩжҶҪġ
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ЩģŲҩ˶ˣ˴֮ϵҲϤˣЩ˼˵Ҫֲҩݣܶ඼Ҫһֲ
Ϊ֪﾿ҪҩݣûдӦҡ
ڿܶԸֲܴӦ
ôһ룬׬Ӱ
ڿԽԽ˳ۣðɣӵһۿʱ;ó˲
ã׬ӣʱ׬ǮȥһլӣȻô⡣
ڰլӿ밡һȥǵʱԱ飬һֱ£ΣܸһլԺ롣
ǰһҪȥլӣԺദʱǻ
һ⣬һҪɡ
뷨ǲһԺӣ򼸸ѾСźĸͲ
ĵҲģϳһӵĿͷ˵ǰ뱲Ӷˮȣ뱲ϣܹһõĽ֡
ѾСźǿ϶ģ뷨
԰ǲϤʱլӻӰæˣ԰Ǻܲ죬լӵʱһҪ̡
ֵˣʱͿѡһ΢һԺӣҪɾ͸ˡ
ԽԽϲͻȻԼܴ
ϴѰ˹ŹɺͳվһгģЦȲɽ˰
ں±ƹ̫ˣŹɣѵųصں˵ʲôأҸϵ飬ܻкܶ˸ɽֲҩݡ
˵ɵҩݵ㲻õǣһ׼׵㵽ʱչƵҩϣֻǳҡ
û뵽Ȼӣȫϵڱ°
Ҫֻпɽ˸ֲҩݣǲӵ⣬ҲҪٲǡ
ӵ˸ֲɲһС֣֮ǰҲйǣַһǣǰ⣬ȥǸԶһ⡣
ӵ黹ûڿǵķΧڡ
˵԰Žֱֿ˻
ϵЦڲضڲزס
˵Ŀġ
ĵͷȻģûбҪƭ㲻ǣӵҿ԰ɱǼǿҩõˣⷽĻԴɱĳ㣬ڿ֮ǰһ͹ġ
죬ܲò׸ദĻᣬɵֻ˵飬ѵ֪˵һʲô
ڷúܣ͹һ𣬵˵Ľչʵ̫ˡ
ɽȥʲôط棿Ͻ˵ţʵǿȥˣɵ硣
Ȼ֪ôôõľŬһɡ
˶Ȼ󡭡ദĻᡣ
ֱõá
ɲ֪ʲôĵѾƻˣȻʹȥɽС
Ц˷ǾȥɽҵѾ׼ͲȥɽͲǳԡ
һͲ۾ˣǰߵѾ˵ʳ
ϧڸиͳԲû뵽һԲˣԸŹɽԶ֡
ûʲôĵ¡
ϲǸϽȥԷ˷ǽɽ
ͲҲٳԣСоֻԹһΣڹʱ
ͲʵǺݳ޵ĶϾֻйڵʱܳԵ
ڼˣƽﶼ׷ųԡ
ͳûʱҪ׼ʲôдˡ
˺þò뵽Ͳ
˷֮󣬽Ϻ˫ˣɲڣ˵ڼæȻҲǰװæһ㶼ǼǹǮġ
ͳǽɽ
С˺Ѿߴ粽ĸţɺһ˱һ¨ǰ档
ŹɱŶЩǰס˱¨
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277˷

е㲻ĿųҪʲô
¨ȡ˱ϵҿˣôһﱳ
ǰ»ͷһ˵óӱɣҪǲֻһֱ᲻ģҴ˿ҲЦ
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ΪҪȥ̷ɽӹȥ΢һ㣬СϪҲβķ·̫̫Ժӵʱ򣬹ʷſϣһĿżˡ
ϣҪɽôղҩˣǲ
ֺǵúܣֻҪһ뵽Ұҩǣо̵ġ
ɱһЦѹͲʷմմϲأ޵ʱ򻹳ء
֪ɵļƻ䳰ġߡһǰסɵĸ첲ǰߡ
˵˿̵ĹʷﱻˣӵĹʷиĲˬ죬ǰƲҲˣ˿ɶҩǼҰѵɾһ㲻š
ܲǰס˼˵ȥ·ȵȣҰѻ˵Ǳʲô˼
ĿŹʷʷûӣʲô˼ⶼ
ôȻǰסˣûô
غĳʲô˼ѵװǲ㰡ϽÿǻҪأϵ飬֪˸߼չҩʲôҫģԼɵӣͱˡ
֪һٶҩȥ£תֶ׬Ǯ£ҲֻйʷôɵȻΪǳȥġ
ɵΪ˹ɼҵ⡣
ʷﱩס
ڴʱ̫̫վſڵʷ
˸ղŵ̸ԹʷӦԷܲ
ʷúܡ
㿴۸ҡ
Ŀڶŵǿûôܹġ
̫̫֪غͳݣ֪ǾԲܵģָأĵѾ˺ܶλԻ͵ʱ̡
һ۹ʷʷ޴ϽﻹкܶҪ
ʷֻܲĵ뿪
̫̫һ۹ɣȹʷһԺӾ͹š
Сˡز˵һ
Цų˳ص䣺ˣġ
͹̫̫ˣҪ춼
õİ취ӣѹͲһ¾ͺá
Ҳһ¾ͺãǻǸϽȥɽˣ¡
룬Ϊ̫̫ӰǲӦá
Źɵ־ǰߡ
Ӵβȥ߲ԶһСϪϪˮ峺ףСϪԴͷɽ֮Уһļûж
˳СϪɽ߲Զһ̶
չɵĿĵر̶
̶Ա߳ҵʯͷһС֡
˳ͷͿ񵶣±¨ֱڸɲ׼Ȼա
ػǵһڵ棬ʲôʵġ
̶˷ܲѣܵСϪˮ
ɽ̶û㣿ǰС˵ץ㣬е㣬׶Щ飬˵Щǹġ
˵أΪǳҵĴСܶ鶼֮ǳ١
ߵԱߣ°ῪһʯͷһֻСзʯͷ֮¡
ؿŸ˷ܡ
зɲԳԡ
ܼȥץзСҲıе
ɿʼῪʯͷЦзǿԳԵģСϪзСͷģԵȻϴըųԣȻ̶㡣
½׼׵ΪóغúһũȤ
кС˺Ѿæ
ѱ¨ľͰ˹óһ㣬ϾŮҪעأ㿪ģ˻ȥ
ﲻǰǣҲ֪
Źɺͳô˷ܵģҲ̲סļȥῪһܴʯͷ棬з¶˳
ظϽǰץסҲоˣץзҪӱץɲɵȥץǯӡ
¿˺ܶһѡ΢ƽһĵطʯͷΧһȦ㿪ʼ
𣬾ȥ̶ϡ
ҲʯͷץзˣѾС˸ϽץľͰȥǱߡ
³ųЦЦС΢վԶһ㣬̶ˮȽʪɱȥ
غĸϽ˼
µֱӰ˳ȥ
ǴӵʱǾȥץġ


278ºܱ

ˮ̶Ǻܴ󣬱ϾСϪɽˢ̶ȥ£
ָСϰڶβ
°ȡظϽˮͰǰ
Ҳ̫С˰ɡ죬ָ㣬оء
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ʮָմˮôһ˵
ͦ˼С㰾Ǵôԣ뵽ԽԽóԡ
°ȥ֮һ±㿪ʼ
һƺܺãһƴ㻹мСϣؼÿҪ
ߣѾŪ˲ٵззŷľͰ档
ɽҪǳͲ֮ĻصѱϿʼ׼Ͳ
ֽɾзҲûţһջ
°Ͳڻѱϣ˳ôջ֮󣬾ȥ㡣
ûֻһƴ㣬⻹ʮС㣬С԰ɴϴɾˣо顣
С˺Ѿһ԰æ
һ鲼˵ϣľˮһЩʳ˲ϣһֱЦ⣬һʵ̫ˡ
ɶͲûʲô飬Ͼ飬ֻ¡
а룬ҺôȻ治֪ô졣
ǼģһҶһȻһΣζޱȡ
һ΢һǿģͲպѾһԵĵϣ΢ȴһͿԳԡ
ɺ˵ҵһɽҩɽҩ˳ųԡ
غܿģų͵ǰﲻǸ˺ܶȤ
ܲģ黭˶ˣǲ֪ѧЩʲôõģѧһЩõĶź
Ҫ뿪˵ѾСˣö
֪ʯͷзˮ̶㣬滹ҵɽҩ
ЩǰûģżȻѾСĵҲ֪һж֡
εָͷ˵صԴʣΪһжܺ氡Ҳÿ춼ԲҪΪһڷܶʱ򣬾ͲһжȤˣû˵СͲĴٵÿ
غ۹ɣæµĹһۣҪŬˣĺɽΪҵɩӣһҪ͡
Сʱ飬۲ѻλ˼һ£ǹɣһûɺá
ܼᶨһŬġ
ѾͲ÷˲ϣͲúܲ⿴ʳ
ζϽ˹ȥ
ɰ׼õĳʳݷúãзѾը˳ɫ
ۣ㡣̲ס
ɵһ˫ӸЦϽһԲˣζòãûôõֻһɽҲ֪ζòá
ȲſӾͼ˷ԣζܺãԼһζܶأóԣҲϽһζĺܺء
Ҳк³ԣ˿ӸѾߺСˣһ˵ЦҲڡ
󣬳ԵúܱĶӣڳصߡ
ųУҲ̫Զ˳СϪߡ
ҩ˶ɽвɵô
ɵͷ³ɽĻʺҩǰҲû˲ɹҩǵһԲҩܹ࣬ÿ춼ɵܶ
ػ򣺡ԭˣҾ˵ôô˲ҩһܲժôࡣ
ƬСǱҹҩݵģкܶΪڹĺۼ
ɽ˴գػһͬһѾ߷źã׼ûذǡ
صѾʱ֣Ѿҩ
ɺܲ죬ѾŶӵ˵ôûȥǱҩ
Ǳ߻չҩݣǮÿҩݶ߳һǮǺϣܹʱ׬Ǯġ
Ϊ׵һλҡҡͷȥǱ֪ΪǺãҪǶ׬Ǯһ뵽ҩǼͲ̹̬Ⱥһ㣬ǶˣԺҩݶ
ҵ̬ùɺܸжЦùϽء
ȻôҲȰˣǱչ˺ܶҩݣֻҲˡ
ͳضŰæҲΪܵģҪһ


279Ǽ

ӵ˽¶һһϼƷֻá
Ͼ˺ãܳõȥ
ڹǱʲôһһ˵е㲻̹ҩҲ
Ŷӵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʼæµ¼ÿһ֡
ÿ춼һˮһԣŶӵ˱ɽϲҩæһģڸĿݲݵˮܽʣҲ
˶Ȼæµš
̫̫ҵĴŴ򿪣ԺĶҩݣ˵ҪúɹȴûԸ£߰İڵϣ˶ֻҪɹɾˣҪô鷳ôļӣôⲻԼԼ鷳ô
ֻʱŴҩݣȴûǰ
ʷе㼱վſŴڵķôû
̫̫ԽԽţͻȻ뵽һĪѾȥ˹Ǳ߰ɡ
˻һʷɫ̱ˣ˵пˡ
ֻЩ˷Ÿ߼۲ȥǱɡ
ܰɣǱȹǱ߼ǮһǮأǲܷǮ׬ɣ㿴ôҩ벻ȥǱߡʼվ˶ǳǮģɵķӲ׬ɡ
ϵüͷһ壬뵽˸ࣺѲǱҲǼˣ
пܵ£ҩݵʱпܾǣǱҲǼˡ
ʷǸӣô˵ãϽͷȥҪȥ֤ʵ룬ҪǹǼˣĲСӡ
Ѿкܶҩ뿪ˣɼſͬˮһĳҲԽԽ١
ʷﵽڵʱ˹
һѳס˹ֱۣһٶǵùֱܲһ̧˹ʷץ
õ
ʷúܣüͷĿŹʷ
ʷܽôڹҩˣΪʲôȥǱҩ
üа룬Ҳȥҩûô
ôԸ׬һǮҲԸȥҩԼùһж಻ܴ
ͻȻ۾һת⻹ôΪߵļǮǼҸĸ̧֪ۣ߰Ϊʲô̧߲֪ˣƴҲƴɡ
⻰ܶ˶ˣ˲׹ҪʲôܱߵҲˣϡ
ӵǰǻǼۣȻҲ֪Ǽ۵ģǼҲûɼҶ࣬ǿ϶ȲɼҵģȻԸһǰǮء
ܵҲͷЦţû˲ԡ
һжΪһңʷǸ߸ϵ̬;ᡣ
˼ҹԽԽȴһӶûУ˺ͺã̬Ҳº͵úܡ
ʷҲ̲סˣȻǼӾȻҲǼۣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ̲סת뿪һҪ߼ˡ
Źʷ뿪ıӰӵô˵Ͳ¸鷳
˲䷴ӦˡѽһǸ鷳ˣھȥ˵һ
˵żȺϽȥ˵¡
ڼ¼Ĺ˵꣬һЦõģ˵ҸҼǮһҲӲ𰡣Ͳô׬ǮҪټҾͿˣȻǶѾ˵ˣ˵˵£ʱֳᡣ
̫̫ǱȫӣĵǴʲôΪǮͲˡ
ҩһͷʾס
ԼԼе㵣ǣ᲻£Ҳ֪ǵƢŵȻͻˡ
չ̫̫͹ƢпܵĽ֪Ϣ֮˶
ȻҲֳ֪飬˵ˣҲȥԹʲô
ǱߵҲη壺õģҪžŰɣѵǲɣôأҪǲǵĶ֣ǸӲңǸɺѡ
һʲôӵ̫˽ⲻˣƾ̲ǿҲȥ
ͷȻɶ˵ˣȻŹһͺá
뵽תһԵϵ׽ȥȻᷢʲô鶼Ҫпɲڡ
֪ᷢ飬ϽЦǰϵĸҷݰɡ
϶кӣҲ֪һʧ˹ɺ͹ݡ
վڹߣܷʲô飬뿪ɰ벽ġ


280

ܶҩݻûüߵˣҲҪᷢʲô顣
ͬ룬̫̫һ˻ˡ
̫̫ǰ棬ǹԼʷﻹϣ˶һģ
û߽̫̫ͳŹɺ
㲻ǹɵģϾĵһھθУû뵽ɾȻ⣬ɲ̰ζε׬ǮˣѾСź⣬סǴլӣ޳УأȻˡ
ǰ棬ʶİѹɻĿӹ̫̫ƽµģ
̫̫ޡһⱲڵ㣬֪ТӣͰˤ
û뵽µĹȴĮڰӦΪӸѣŪ
ɺܵĹֳ˳䡣
ʱȥôã̹ȻˣͷŹɵһЦģû¡
˵֮ͻͷЦŹ̫̫ӦðˤôԵأԲ˵ʲôҶġ
Թֻ̫̫ʣʧ޾ı
̫̫˫ֲǰķֻˣ˵ɣΪʲôҪԣ⡣
òЩҩˣβһˡ
ʾĽ󵽣˭˭˭ⲻҪ˵ɣαߵǷǺڰء
ߵľǹ̫̫㣬۾˵ϹĹ˭
̫̫ƺһҺߣǼһǮǾǼǮǲǹʲôΪ׬һǮ˲ˡ
Ȳסˣ˰̫׳Կˡ
ǰһվһЦĿŹ̫̫ǾмǮ˲˰ܰôأϲҩѲ㻹ǵ˩ţ⣬Ҫ˵Ҳǵɣۺ첡ˣ׬ǮҲѧ⣬˵治ǿϡ
⻰ʵⲻǿϣҩҲô
ֻյЩҩݶ
ʷﲻʾһֲֻһָֻŹɽС㻹أҰѻ˵˭ⲻǿˣб²⣬㿴ǲǿӡ
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һ;еЦ
һֻˣ̫̫һҿɥӡ
ǳģʱ϶⣬ùһŰ
ҲǸµģվ˳ǸϽȥɣ˵ЩǺƭǵģѹûʲôǼ۵£ԭֻۣﲻԸǼѡ
Ǵʵʷһҿ϶š
ǲϹɼҵԵôã߱ǲЩ˲ǮۿһһǮʮʮǮأⲻһСĿ
ʱ˵϶ǲҹ鷳
һ֮ͨ󣬹ʷЦˣƭ˭أ浱ɵҪûõôǲǹ˵ģǮ˾ͼǮˣļǮģҲԼǮúôҲǡ
Цˣʷǿɵһ㡣
˵滰ûأʵŲŰɣɲûжึǮǣֻǲԸȥǼѣҲ˵ġ
˵Ķ˵ˣŲţҪҹ鷳ǲġ
ɫĶŹøһ͡
һҲƽͻȻЦ㵱˭أҪҸͣҲ䲻䡣
ǰعһ溦֮ˣ˸ͲĴ硣
ڻ߸ϵ̬浱ǰǸɵĹ
˵ܽţܵҲû˵һΧš
úܣڹ˵ǻ֮ɫԽԽԥĳǰҪ
ֻϧʵܲпᡣ
;һξ룬ǰʱԱվŵλڴ庺Ӻԥĳȥס˹
ѹͲ


281һ

뷨ǺܺõģʵȴǺܲпġ
ҪȥһٹһֱӼסˣҪǰС
κסλӶ׳ģºĵĲӽĵ׵ŭ׵ıſңҸ֮£޹ء
λ׳Цˣ޹ôǾǿҹ鷳ˣҪܴȥҲı£ϧûǸ¡
˺ζԹĳЦǿ˵һҪأôõദ֪Ǻˣôܹôõǰˡ
ʷ˿ｹϾɲǶһ˵ģǶһ˵ģ̳ȥһץӣǷſҸ硣
ʷﱾȴ֪һٶǻһվŵĹӡ
˴أһŮ˳ȥʲô
ɾûʲôϵڳ˳˹̫̫һҶ֪
ˣͽûϵˣҪǰãʲôط
鲻̣Ҳ̲á
ӶһֱǰʷŤһ
һжں̵ܶʱУɶûӦӺ͹ʷԼڴλʹ
ٶҲ̫һɡ
ͣһͣ
е㵣Ǻ
ȻѾ۵Ĺӿɲô࣬ʷһ޳ȥŮˣȻشأѿɽ˶ʲôˣ
̫̫ҪǰأһϹͷȥԿ
Ƕͣ֡ŭš
ôһ𣬹øˡ
ȻҲλܵĴ󺺲֪ô˵ҵúܡ
ϼˣλ󺺴ԿĲ룬϶ǹ
ͲռϷĹʱѾλö˵ϡ
ʷķѾңҲ˵ϡ
취ᵽˡ
ȥȻкӣȥܻܿܿƽϢĺܱĺӣʲôô죿
֮ĲҲȥġ
̫̫úܣѾᵽ˵ϣž˵ǡ
ʲô취ͱˣúõվһעĺӡ˵껹ӲͷƤȥ
ȵȻǹһƿһλӣѹӵ
λӿ߹Զ֣̫̫ϾˣҲˣٵķֿ
̫̫֮Ѫӿνǲҵúܡ
ٱŪˣҲˡ
ʼչûԶ֣ùŭ顣
û֣ȴŪñˣʲô°
̫̫ѹ֮ȥȹʷ
Ӻ͹ĬһɼܿҲ٣ֱ̫̫ӷֿѾץѪ۵ĹʷƸ˹̫̫
һ˻Ķ֪䳤ʲôطģ˵һûаϵҪ磬Ϊ˶ӣҪ˵ҲҵĴҪ鷳ͳ˼ȥʲô
ĵľѾһ˵ˣ˼ҲҲͰˣרҪء
ݵģȫµ˶ˡ
ѹͲøӡ
̹ˡ
̫̫ĺڳҲģǹúӶ£ǸûϵǲҲǿǼҵ˺۸ô໥ָû꣬Ҽء
ԺӺ͹ҪҩǾԲܵġ
ڴλ̬ţһ˵ҲֹǣҪסҲԼ˼ûָʹôǿ߹̫š
ǽǶˣ¹ܵúܿġ
̫̫һ˾е㲻ˬҲ֪ΪʲôĿ߶ѡ
̫̫ѾҲ˵ˣη֮У֮ǰ׸ȫһˣܴӹᵽѾױˡ
ڴӵλӣӦûô죬˿鷳󻹰е鶼Լϡ
ĵ׺ڵĹҲ׺ġ
һҲǱһҲˡ
ǰĻ˵ǣѧ
ȷ϶Ѿ͸Ķȴ͸ֻҪӱǸ߸ϵģûӣʲôǡ
˵仰Щ˴㣿
ʵ
ͷҺܸжҲܸмǣҪǴң÷˼ԼΪʲôôᡣ


282¼۸ս

ʲôɱˣԼ˻֪ʡˡ
ɹһұ㶼ˡ
ûԼǴģôͬĻһжǶţ١
ôûоڵΪжᣬԼѣһжǱ˵ĴЩûϵ
ҵ鲻ҪܣȻôãڿʼø߳ԭǮչҩݡ
͹һ
ɺ̹ȻЦܵ˵ôմҾͰҩ͵ǼȥɣϾ߳Ǯ׬һһ㡣
Ӻ͹ǺԭˣǮɾ
ˣɿɲⰡаƵġ
ɶ̹ȻǲǼ۵ģҲܷ׬ǮбҪ˵¡
ĿһȦڳ˵ҲϣҶ׬Ǯ԰ǼǮҸϽҩȥȵչʱٻ׬Ǯʲôòǡ
ЩǵŴҵ˵ģһŲζôǱ˵ԩͷ
ڴЩ˵ˣ໥֮Ҳ
һ˵Ҫ߳Ǯչҩݡ
˿̣˲Ӭһ㣬˵ȥģˣҵԩͷоô̹
ӲͷƤ˵ġ
˹һЦãҩݻûȥھȥǼ
ϸĹ۲һ¹ɺ͹ı飬˲ûбķӦ̹Ȼˡ
ֻҪɺ͹ûͺá
ʷѷһ£ǰ㿴һӵ棬Ϊİ
ʵıǴҶԹɵάڿάɹֻΪڹҩݣ˹ɣֻҪ˾û¡
ԽԽһĵҲ˲١
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գ͹̫̫뿪Ҫҹ鷳˼ûˡ
£Ͳ鷳ʱչҩӦõġ
ЩȻ˵Ҫҩݵ˲ûиȥ
ڹ̫̫һ֮ȫɣȫѯʡ
ǰԻ˵ѵҪȥǶԸȥģȻǮĺãһЩԸ⡣
һǮǺջˣҪԭûԭĻǱġ
ЦŵͷȻҪȥģһǮɲСĿ˵ҶĶˣǰӲ׬ɵôǲŴ˶ʮӣأҪ⣬ǰӵȻҪ׬ȻҲǱ׬Ǯ˼չҩݵģ⼸վȥǱɣʵǼ۲ӾҩݵļǮҲҸҵļǮߵļǮˡ
ûпӴҵ˼෴ôøҵҲǺģȥ֮ҪǮߵĺѣȻ˹ɵȱΪȻ߳ǮԴ֪ôģƳҲ׬Ǯ
ӺʵڣЦŰοЩǶǵļǮߵģǱ߼ȻҪ⣬߳ôǮǶԲԼȻʰʰҩݣȻ˭æȥˡ
ڴ˺ܶ඼Ըæ
ҲţùֻƹҩݣȫȥǱߡ
ȻҲڴ˰æͬ˵ǰ׬ӣǶԲԼ
ЦеĿŴңǾ仰ǲǾͲǱһûӸ֤ûˣǾ͵СĽˡ
ǰչҩݶȥˡ
߲֪һʼɾûǼչҩݣǼ۴ԼŪġ
һ뵽ô޴ģҡҡͷҪԲԼ
ҿԸұ֤ɸҵļǮǺģ׬ǮˣһҲϣ׬ĶҩݵĹǮҩжҲˡϣн٣Ϊ׬˴ҺܶǮ
ºһЦһǶ֪ģһεҲ͸ԳӲõǻἵɣ˵ģҵҪţԼûǸʵı¡
ǲҩݣҲûйǸͷԡ
ûҩƣһʱϢˣһӴչҩݿʼһֱæµ궼òʲôС
ںˣڿ׬ǮͬʱܺúϢûбĵ顣
ʱȻųغͳҲǸԼɡ
ӹõǺ⡣


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ӵ˶ҩȥ˹ңҲ˺üٽȥû죬ҵӾͻˡ
̫̫ЩУϦ³ô죬ʮֻʣ¶ˡ
ŵĻйԼʷ
ʷۻˣչҩݲʲôɻοҩ˺ܶ࣬ÿһҩݶҪ࣬ǰܼ򵥣ôԼͱˡ
üͷﻹӣҾóɡ
ԺһԺӵҩݣһ;Ҫ׬Ǯ
ȴЩҽʱչҩˣǰԺҩƳȵҩƳ֮չҩݰɣȻˡ
Ǻ£ͺôͶȥˮƯ
Ϲʷ͹̫̫̫äĿˣǮѹͲȴˡ
ӶͶ˽ȥҪǿ˻Ӱ
ʷһϵûôûôģǲǰЩҩݶֿɹôŴһԸҩǼӽʱչҩݣҪǵȵﲻԸҩˣʱ޶Ҳط
⻰ĵ׸ΣĻѹûԽԽǵġ
ҩ˶ϲģҲ˺ܶ࣬ԵյЩˣȥЩ˻ݹ
ԺⷽԲӣһŵضö¡
ԽԽý϶ԸˣݺݺõǣһжҵļƻУʲôģ밡Щ˶ԸҩҪͻȻ֮䲻չˣЩ˿϶ģʱ˿ɲǺ£𲽣ʵǲʺϵ̫ˡ
˶˵ҪչȥҪͻȻ֮䲻չ˻ñЦ
ӺҪʱܵľԼӡ
ϽѣûԸĻɰǰôԣҪǲҩƳǾûӼչҩݡ
ӿһݣ˵ȥ̲סӲˣҪǼȥ϶ǮǰҩƳ׬һǮ֮ټչҪ꣬ôҩݿô졣
̫̫ҲɵȻеäĿľ˵Ҳе˵ĲûеֻҪǲչҩһᱻЦҪȻʱչһ㣿Ǯٽһ㡣
Ǯһһ۵úܡ
Ҳ᲻óôӵҪǲȹǱ߸߼۵ĻһҪȻǻǻصǰ߳һǮչҲȹǱƣնûȥǼҩŹɴųҹӺСڴεأеúܡ
ʱʱ̿ҲڹעǱߵϢڴ˻ԼǰѵõϢ˹
֪֮Цˡ
ͳϣЦеǽһûˣɽ㲻˵жʮôһ֮߳ǰļǮչնǾ˼ٽҩݹȥϴȥģҲûǮˣɽô
Ҳܺ棬ɸɴȥٽҩݵ֮ǰǲģϾҩݻǲͣͼʡֱ˼ٽҩݹȥ
ţһйɵĵ
ɿŵˣŵùģʲô˵
ЦȻǵţֻչҩȴ֪ҩݣǿźܺãûоѾô˰£ʱһˣǱչҩչ𾢣ŲţֻҪһǻչҩݡ
һг
ЩţǼҸǿǻչǵҩô
̫̫Ǳߵ˺ܺ޹ɣȻô޹ɣôչҩݡ
ҲҾǱӦòչǵҩݰɣϾԼչӦûǻ취ҩݵġ
ȴѾӹ̫̫һҵԸһ飬ô˵ɲǿѨ磬˵иݵġ
ϸķ͵ñ죬ķԽԽպܻܿ꣬ǱߵչôҩݣȫжѲ£õĻһ꣬õĻ¼ҩݿɾеˣɹҩݻõʱǿ϶ܼʲôû׼Ϊˣа취⣿
û취⣬ֻչҩݣʧ
ʲôЦ͹̫̫ܽʱ⣿
ķԽԽԶƮһơ


284

еɵĻ֮󣬶Ĭˡ
ͳض͵Ŀɣûùʲôĵط෴һʼǹ̫̫Ҳ磬㷢ʲôҲ޹ء
ͬ˵Ϊ磬ʵڵʱˣܲһۿȥ֪Ҫˡ
һʱæµΪҩݶö˽ӣڴҲæԺֵġ
һֱɻһ飬˵ɻ󣬲˵ǵģվڹߵɽ㣬ô֪ǻҩݣлҩչ𣿡
¶Էʱ򲻹ùһ׬ǮĻᡣ
ºһЦ֮ŵȻģ밡⸽Ҳû˭չҩݣչҩҲƺõģʲôû׼͸⣬֮ǰչҩݸûɹɣһʪǼҸͶѲ£սҪôõеҩݣҪôǰҩ͵Ǽ
ӹ̫̫ǱչҩݿʼһֱڵſЦ̫̫һ̫ɣѹûһ׼ΪͿ׬ܶˣҲҪŬŴ̫ɹҩݣмġ
ƫôһЩ˲аΪɣΪֻҪ׬Ǯⲻ֪ҪŬͺˮж١
ڲԶĵط˵̸㲻õЩɵķǶԵģǱҪôеҩݶõҪôֻܰҩùǮֵȶˣҩƷûôãĸǲҪһǼ˻Կġ
һҲͬ鲻Ϊк¾ֱӸǰǳˣȻгеε׼
˵ûΣڳ˶ˡ
ܼ㵽ʱɲʱ򴵿ľͲֹԼˡ
ϣȥǼˣǼ˱ǻá
ЦŹˣûǲģ԰ġ
һ뻹ǡǰܵĹǼ˺ƭˣȴһʼǼ˺ƭ
ʵ˵ȫõĵģȥǼ˵κһ仰ȻҲᱻǼƭ
ҲԺʲô£Ǽ˾ȡ
ҹʱͿʼ꣬ε𴲴ſһ棬ܴü
һʯңҩݻس
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һֻʣ¹һ£ҩݰᵽ棬һӣԺӻһû
ſ͵һ£ֻЩҩУҪֲҩҩȫһص档
̫̫һҶûа⵱һ£²˶á
֪һ¾졣
һҵҲģΪڴ֮ǰļûչҩˣҩݶƹģҶɹðɣҲķù
ʯĵϣΪأһͺܳʪ
Ȼóͳİڼӡ
պת磬̫һҵһʱҩóȥɹ
ͳȴ׼뿪ˡ
غ᲻ãҲ᲻뿪⼸ոһܿģҪȥˣ͸˵ʮ죬ڹɼ˺ü죬ȥÿӱޡ
Ƕæµųͳߡ
ϣϸ׼ɽ
Źɵֱۺ᲻õɽʱһҪȥҰһҪӦȥ档
ǲãɼҵ˶ܺãȫԵԼļңҴҲȽȤҳ̵ģڰǣ˵˶Ҳ֮
ڴ棬弸ΧһͿ죬ҳҶ̣ǰûġ
᲻õĻǹɡ
йɵ飬оӹúܳʵ
ĵǣʱҲһദ֮ĹϵԺ˺ܶ࣬ⲻҪĳ
Ҳ᲻óߣҪʼæµҲûʱųأæ֮һǣʱһģʱʱӭҼҡ
ΣĵҲܿɬ֮ǰ˵ˣû˵ʱԽҽг̫ˡ
һĵͷǰǰɽԽҸģԵһ


285»

ɱŪеΣ֪ģֻĲҽܡ
룬ҪܣҲҪȵܸվһʱھ͸һ𡭡룬ôߵŵڣԲô΢ݣôʱô죿
ϣʵˣֻϧ
ºһЦĳصļ򣺡˺ˣһ·˳磬ŻһҾͳ׵æˣʱһġ
ǧ;һ˶
غ᲻뿪ʱˡ
һ쿴ųָ粻ʱ˵һ㣬ɽʱһҪҡ
˵ѳ£ɲǲµãʱ
͹վһĿԣ֮º͵ϴע壬ҲҪעⰲȫ
ͷʾף㰲һչ˺ԼģҲҪչ˺Լ
һ̺뱧סɣסˡ
ʲôҪæֻ׼Ǳ㰲ģһúõչģҪȥҲᰲš
ɺܸмллҸչˡ
ͻȻĿŹɣɸ˵ٴˣ֮䲻ġ
ɻǲϰߣȻ˵̲סҪ롣
һ·Сģϣһټ
ƿ⣬ˣҡͷ
֪ɲ⣬а̾
ɸǺҲ
ԶŲתؼҡ
Ͽ˹䣬˶Ĭʲôû˵
Ϊ֮¶ˮȽأɽϲҩ˲࣬мǰ͵Һ󣬹һҾȻˣҩˡ
Ǳ߾²ҲģﲻаǱҪǰõġ
ڵ֪òֱ֮Ӱҩݱ˹ɼң֮ǰȥҩǹģԴҲûʲô֮
ɺ͹ʰɹҩݣȴڴ˱ű¨ⳡ֪Ȼǳʲô顣
ôˣǵʵ
Ϊ׵ƲֵǱ߾Ȼչҩݣӣǿ϶ͬⰡԻˡ
ȻǱǶһǮǸιɣڹҲаȫС
ᵣͻȻɾͲչҩˣңǱҲӣǮչҩݾȻڵϡ
ѹûһҪúҩݵӡ
ƾһ㣬ǾͲǱҪչҩ⣬ֲõȻǣ̫ࡣ
ɲûȥҵ뷨ֻҪԸҪչġ
Ǳ߲ǲȥģⲢҪǵ⣬ֻǵĲǳԿ
⻰˵úܶҪǺ
˶ͬĵͷȷ
˹ǱòӣʧԼе
Ҫ֪ʲô
еĻʼæչҩݡ
̫̫߾ͻˡ
ʷصƿŵһùζζǺŨֻԼŵΪصصׯˣôζô£ʱ磬ǿҩǲǻˡ
⻰Ĺ̫̫йһ
˹˲ϽܵҩݶԱߡ
һӵùζ˱Ƕ̫̫ɫ̱ˣ˶ùˡ
Ӱÿһҩݶӻģǻʧöء
Ҫ侲Ҳ侲ȵͰҩݷֿɹ֪ŶգȻͷùˡ
ⷢùҩݻôֻȥ
ʷһʱ֮䲻֪ôˣŵڸô찡Щҩݷùˡ
ʵҩݴɽϲɻ̫̫һûкúõɹҲͰˣջһ𣬻صţˮʪȴҩǶڵϵģڵϵҩж׷ùֻҪе㳣ʶģƫ̫̫һΪʶ
ɫ࣬û˭ЩҩݣҪ֪ӿϸԱ⻻ģνǶңŻʮӣӻȡ棬Լɻڴӡ
ȴû뵽һоһˮݺݵؽͷϡ
ҪЩҩݶˣʲô׬Ǯ
ʲôϽҩݷֿ˵Ͱҩݱɢ
澭һıɹѾˣҩݱ˷ֿԽмһλãԽĺ
ΪԽмζԽŨңһ
ҩֻǻˡ
̫̫Щ˵һ䡣
ɫҲҪֿɹҩݼȥ


286ɻҽ

˿̵ĹڵѪΪܹأ֪
ôֻҪˣʮӰЩӺúõÿ԰ȵʮ갡ӾôûˣûȺء
⻹ʹĵ飬ʹĵǣˣͻȻ֪û˻ܡ
ʷںԥϵӻûó꣬һҪǮˣչҩݵĽģǹ͹̫̫ɵȥ
һĥҪô뿪
Ϊһģ˱Ӳ˵ڹ̫̫Ҳû̵ʲôô
Ҫٹﵽͷϣʱô죿
ԽԽǵǡ
ԽǵԽǺ
ҪߣҪ뿪
һɹɵùζʷﻹй˰ҩݷ̯ȻõҩҶѾ졣
һĻ̫̫ˣô죿ô࣬úüӵʧ
ҩݶѺܴ󣬶мõĺܶ࣬ٽҩݡ
վһԸɽȴҶԣʱ˵ֻҲ졣
úܣʷҩõϵûУҪЩҩݳ֣ʧ
ʷһЦ֮ǰ˵ЩҪƭ̫̫͹չҩݵģʶʲôҩݵİ
ʱҲɵҪ˵ʵҪ
ʿˮȥϵһͻ
Űһ㣬վͰеҩȫɹ¹ٻ缸죬ʱǰҩɹôҩҲ򵥣ҿǱ߾ǰҩ֮ɹҲûʲôѵģĲùܣɹҲ
ʱĹ侲ģ̶̵Ƭ̾˽İ취
̫̫̾һҲֻ취ˡ
ʷȴϲúܣڲõôˣԹ뿪
ϽݰѹصĶʰϵҲѵƽ᲻ôĶӣ洩һס
һҵģһʱûд̫ĶҲֻǲֵǮ⡣
ʰ˳Цеĵˣײõǣƽҹ·ϰˣ鵢鲻ãǰʱȷˡ
һʱʷﵹҲɣչҩݹʷҲӣ̫̫͹û뵽ʷģҲûʷ·СĵĻֻɹʷ뿪
ʷһ߳ԺӾŵؿڣˣΪ뿪ˡ
ҹ·Ȼ£̫̫͹Ĺһҹ·㲻ʲô
һ뵽Ҫ뿪ͼ
ʷߵúܴæȴû߶Զ˹
ɻĿŹʷ˹ʷǰôչҩˣ֮ǰǵúܣһǼҪڸɼҶŸɵӡ
չӲժҩøڴӵ˰ģûиʷֱӽӴ
˵ҲӲġ
ʷһĵ뿪飬۾һתǵ޹أҪؼˡ
˵ƿҵ뿪
Źʷ뿪ıӰһ˿ɣҡҡͷʷָ̫̫ˡ
¾һС
Ϣֿ֮ʼæµչҩݵĲҲԽԽ죬ƺ֪Ҫˣѩ֮ǰһҪ׬һӡ
ժҩݵߵҲԽԽԶȻڸŲժҩݣ΢ԶһĵطȴûиŲժȻ˱ȥ˱Ĵӡ
ɽУҺĬûȥ㡣
ɽеʵ̫ˣҲȥùͷ
ߵڶæµҩݣȻ߲ûйרҵò˵Ͳ񵶿ģһСһƷҲѿؼʱˡ
ҲҩݣͦѾ¡Ķӣһģ
˿Ѿ󣬶ʷﻹû
ʷȥôôûĪ·ʲôˣ̫̫ڷ˲Ծǵ˵һ䡣
Ϻ͹һۣò˵˴˿Ϭģʱһõͷð˳
Ѳɣʷˡ
ͷһվһŵʷĪ˰ɡ
̫̫˲ѣ뵽һܣվ˹ʷӣȴޱȣһ㣬ϵɢһأҲŪ˵ϣǲֻ뿪Ӱ
ʶԵĵطϽһԵĹӣƽʷǰӻйصĶڹӵġ
ȥҩݵ飬϶ôЩ
˿̣տҲʲôҲûˣЩصƷӶˡ
̫̫˲ɵˣʷˡ


287û뵽

̫̫û뵽ʷȻǣһǿſǮ˲еΣҲӳ͵͵ˡ
չҩݵļƻǹʷģҲΪʷʶͷˣʵݺݵĸһƣʷԲʶʲôͷˡ
ʱûֻһܣǾǹʷˡ
ԼŮʲôӵ׵ô˽⣬ʷкôţûôͶ㿪ˣôҩݶˣһѡ϶뿪
һؿܵúܡ
òһˣȴƭˡ
ҪȥڿָѾˡ
̫̫ǲģǵҪȥſ
ϲ뵢˸ɻĽ̵ҪȻȥڿŰɣﻹкܶҪء
⻰̫̫İۣǲϢһˣ
ϵȷ˼кӿ϶Ըɻģɿһ۹
ò˵ʱϬģȰ˵ݺݺҲǸ˼㿴кӣҲʺϸɻ㻹ȥţ˹ϵһ㣬ҲԴϢǡ
йĻ̫̫ɫŻһ㡣
ʱȷӦüƽô࣬лǲ̹ȥɣȥɣ˳һϢʷһͿ϶͸¶һʲôȥġ
ϵõЦеİһӳȥˡ
ӺܰΨɼҺ֡
͹ԺļӴɹҩݣһЩҪ͸ҩݷļɹЩʵҩǷ˼ӵߴ
Ҳû뿪ǰѵӷ£ڲԶλù۲š
ҩݻҲļɼôҩݣ׬ӣҩݵַǺܺõģڰôĵطϿˡ
ҲƼϣԶԶҲû˵Ҳû£ȻҲûǰȥǲʹ졣
̧Լ顣
Ϻܾ裬泣ᴫһ඼˵ϵġ
Ͽɲ򵥣޸֮󶼻أɲŮ˴
ԣһǱӣԶ֮
о仰˵ǲô
ʲôءƼѸǱߣΪʲô顣
ɿһǱʲôŲҪʲô¡
ϾڲԶһĿǣ˭ж档
Ǳ߿һۣЦʲô£˵ʷҴææ뿪ˣ˵Ҫ뿪ӣѲǱǳʲô飿
ڹϣ˵ʷӦðŸɻģҴææ뿪ò˶롣
ĵͷ˵еǱӦǷʲô飬չôҩݣƾǼҵֻƲ꣬ǶַⲻϹô
Թ̫̫һҵäĿûаͬ˼ҶԼѡǡ
̫̫͹Щ£еˡ
˵ôǮҲǱ߻á
ɺ͹æµһ磬ڴһ硣
ٽʱϲʧİŵ뿪
ţɺ͹ڰ̧ӣ˾·ˡ
¶ʧͷŭһ۹ɺ͹˼ͷ֪֪ʷȥ
һʷ뿪Ѳûи̫̫˵˵ʷ͵͵뿪ģ̫̫֪ϢôͺЦˣһǡ
գ۾һãȻ뿪ѵû˵ʷ˵Ҫ뿪ӣҲˡ
ϵɫ䣬˶
ŭĽҾ֪ǸŮ˻ûģǺúȫҰ
һһŶ뿪
¶ѵʷ뿪û̫̫˵
û뵽ԼþȻˡ
ЦͿǼʲôӵģȫֲ֡
˵ʷûöӳһչҩݻϵʱӣҩѾùˣʷﺦµʱеʧҪ͵뿪Ǻģֻû뵽ʷߵôôҲһˣܻ빲ʲôһˡ
⻰жбĵ˼ʷʵǹʷ̫ˡ
εҡͷȻԹʷҲʧȻûзǼϣʷΪ˲ݡ
ʷȻһû䡣
ɺ˻ô䣬һλֲûӾҪһĺСϢ̫̫ǱչҩҲģǿ׬ǮۺˣǼҲǹ裬ȻͶ˻֪Ŭ


288·ŭ

ɻ̫̫һչҩݿǿ϶ġ
ҩݾۣÿչҩҲࡣ
̫̫һұĩãΪֻҪҩչ˾ܹ׬ǮʵǲҪ̫档
ô׾ͺˣ㣬ʮĻá
Ҳûһͬ飬ЩҩݣǿϧЩҩˡ
ɵҲÿﶼ׬Ǯ˽Դϲ
Ҳ׬һЩӣȻǺܶ൫Ҳ١
ǰǰ̫̫׬Ӧ߰˰ǮҲã̫̫֮꣬Ҳ˳еա
Ͼҩһû취ɹܶʱ򶼻ỵԼС
ϼææĻؼҡ
һһ߽ŹʷһǺһˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ˹ʷĻչҩݵģҲΪʷʶܶչҩݵˣʷֱˣеҩݾƳ˭ϵ˶ʶɣ϶Ըҩݡ
ңҲиõԤУڿ˹ɺ͹æµһḶ֪́ҩǺѵģ򵥵ɹҩݶá
Ǽأ߰ҩݶԺ棬ûкúõɹ˸չҩô
˵һ㣬ҩⶫе⣬ɹ˾ҩݣûɹãûƺã˵Ҫġ
ǼʲôֻäĿչҩݣеҩݶԼˡ
̫̫͹һҲİ鶼ûжģʱĹ̫̫Դ⣬ϣܹʷ
ʧˡ
һûпʷӰӡ
Ҫ˵ʱԺϵĽϼæ߽Ӱ
ˣʷˣȥչҩݵ¡
Źɲƭ˵ģΪûǸҪƭˡ
һҩݵĹ̫̫еҩֱӵ˵ϡ
˶ˣȵӦ֮ˣ˵ʲô˵һ顣
ߵڴһ磬ڸղ׼ʱɣ˳һ䣬˵ʷ翪ʱ˵ˣҲ飬ȻǺ鷳Լææ͵ˣһչҩҲģظ֤ȥҲûʲôӣǺƭǰӶóȥˡ
鵥ͺһӰǶʮӰǼҰôӶ˽ȥһòݡ
ȫţ˫ֽճȭͷ˫֮ǷŭŮ̫֣֪һҶȻҪ
۸ˣδ۸ʵʲ
̫̫̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˶ǷҲ֪ģʱֲǲ֪ýŽܵһ˼ңȥҲûȥǻ˼ҿҲҲλãƽҲ˵ĵطֻ˵﹤˼Ǵ˼ң⸽Ǵ˼ҵô࣬˵һô֪һǳ׵ˡ
ǲҲУһαʷˣתû뵽Լߵ˺ƭˡ
ؼǻΪ棬̶̵ļеӶ˽ȥ
ǶʮӣԼһôҲʳǡ
񡭡
еζ˲˵еӡ
һʲ
۾תţʱĴˣ˵ʲôȴҿڣƺûڵȨ
ʢŭµĹҲͦµġ
̫̫ҡҡͷһҲʲʲôط֪ôˣǸϽ취еҩȥʧɣܹһҲǺõġ
֪̫̫˵Ķԣֻҩܹ׬ǮˣҩǾҪǮ
ǱǸ߼۰ҩչģҪȥĻһûչ˵ҪȥҲûԸ߼ۡ
ô˵ҪǮģΨһİ취ǰҩƳ
վһһֱû˵̲סˣ鶼Բ˵Ҫ˵
УڵƷȫԣƳҲûҪЩҩƹϤҩݵģһܿƷҩݵƷʣʲôᣬҩݹҲû˿ϡ
ʵϣھͰҩȥ˲Ų̫ӡ
кܼҪǻƽʱҲϣ첻һϸģȫЦ֮һӣΪЩӳͷر˿𣬽
һŭһ˼ҶʲôǱǸ߼չҩݣҪԭⲻȥ˭Ը߼۸ǣǰڵļٽ˵һһǮڵĿǿǮһǮ˵ǵÿ١


289취

Ȱ˵ҲñȰеӶҽȥðһβôǰ˵չ࣬ȵ֮չ㲻ҵĻӼչҵģҩĲôףҿǺþãһ綼æµЩҩݲɹ̫̫࣬ǻרŷ²㡣
Ȼм仹кܶĶҩݲס
̫ȻҲ֪ƹȽǮûҩݵı°
һϣܹףܹ֪Ѷˡ
ǮҲ뱻Ʋ
Ҫȥ˵Щҩ˭˭Ըչ˼ҩöҪƺõҩݡ
Ϊ˰˵Ļ
̫̫Ҳ̫࣬ӲͷƤҪȻȥʹҩôơ
Ŀǰֻܹйˡ
ʧҡҡͷȥҹɡ
ҲܻţôͶ룬
ҵʱ̫̫ȥɣǱֻ°ͲÿǵЦ
Ŀǰ治֪ôˡ
ϼ̬еɶϽȥ󰡣ȥĻһҿ϶ͬ⣬һźǼһҲŲչҩݡ
ΪҲҪˡ
̫̫͹ɫһ䣬ͬʱС
ɫǼҸһìôǴǣҲ൱һҸǼҹˣôɲȥңⲻǸ˿ЦôԺһôڴ̧ͷ
̫̫һϵǰھʹǣȥ¹˵Ҫ¹ɱǼҶǸ
Ͻúܣ¹ˣȴǹ̫̫͹ˣŽŵôתأʱʲôӲӵģѲɼҩݻ֮˿Цˣ¹ңҶû˵ʲôⲻʲôһΪüٿһ㣬ú룬ڰѴ󲿷Ӷ˽ȥǲҵİ취ô죿Ѳɵȵɹҩݺ󣬷ɹҩݸȥã
ƾҲ֪ǼҵҩҪַɹȻɫҲǲõģҪǣ˼ҩû᲻չȥ᲻
Աʧһʲô
ˣôѡ˹ôˡ
Խ
̫̫͹Ĭû˵аǺú룬ҩݲûȫõֻһҩݻ˺ܶ࣬ǹԸչôܹӻǣһҩݾ׬ģȻ֪ԼҪΪʲôʧء
ǹһϵ۹⡣
ֻϧڳĲǹɣҲûϵͷԡ
̫̫ĸۡ
Ϊܹ׬Ǯأ㡣
׬ǮͱˣؼҪ˭Ը⡣
ҩݺֵܼУȥɣҾǰʮӿҲȥǣݺݺ˵ˣҪһҪһƤǼҲٶˡ
⻰ù̫̫Ҳ
Ҳڹ͹ǰˣʵһ춪ˡ
ҲͬĻ㻹ĪҪ˵ˣΪ˺ӾʲôҲҵģԺʰӾͽˡ
ɱΪ̫̫ǻȴû
ǹӴϢ
ֻ̫̫һǽ֮Ĺõ˲ٵСϢ˿ڻɫĸء
ɹҩݣһ԰æ˵ǱߴһܣȰ˵̫̫͹ҩ㣬Լˣ̫̫͹ΪǸֱӾܾϲ˵ѵһ̫̫Ѽļȫ
ɶҲǺ⣬ֻû뵽ϻԶ
ҲͦϵģʵӦϵģҵĻһᰴҩݵƷչҲ̫ǮھͲ֪ˣҩݲ򵥣ÿһҩݵַһЩҩƷԿжġ
ҩݵЦֻû뵽ǱǼңȻɹһͿˡ
ҩݾȥҩҲԸչġ
ƹ˵չҩݶǳ˻۽𾦵ģֻҪǿҩõĶҩݺ˽⣬չʱԲһҩץһ֪ƷʺַԲԡ
ҩβ˵ûдƷˣ緢ùʣǺпܳԳġ
鿪Ц
̫̫͹Ȼһ㡣
ȻҲ뵽ˣһֻǻѪ޹顣
ЦЦֵÿЦҪ˵һҾǻá


290

һҲͬǼˣҶԼѡ̰ǶʮӻúõķڶͦϵģһǸҸпǧ
϶ûԭϵģֻ˼ҲҲҲ˼鷳ɣĲȥұ鷳ˡ
ϵ꣬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ뿪ҲãŹҲǳԿˣ㿴ӣȻȥҸСĻ˭Ҳܲ˰ǼӺù󸻴ģ檶û⣬ʲôɽ͹СɽˣҲˣǼۿžҪɢˣȴǲ֪
˰µľǲ֪ʡԼ
Թ̫̫Ժ淢ָơ
ֻǾһԵԹߣȻǲŵģҪǵǼ
ɹɵҩֶ˺üٽٹվҪù˫ȥǣĵҲһЩСƻ
һҩݵû֮󣬸Ǯʣºܶӣһ϶׬Ǯˣ컹׬ӡ
һһʼʱ򣬱ֻ׬ʮӸƼͺãû뵽ȴ׬ôǮ
ãչҩݵĲӿ졣
ѾҶˣվԺ濴ԶɽҶͻɫҶӳɻԺɫޱߣá
һİеҩݶɹ˳ֻǲŪôϸкõҩɹʳϯϣҲôȥ⵼ɹĸʪȫһ
̫̫⼸վƣúܣ˶е
ǰڵʱҲֲǶһͣûֽʱ򣬼ũֲ
һжˣҪҪϻʡġ
ȴһֱ͵
İţ죬鷳꣬û뵽ϡ
ЩҩҲɹڵϣ֮ǰ÷ùҩݲûбɹš
ֱɹõһ֮󣬹ˡ
˵˭õȥɡ
գ²İɹõҩݷڱ¨汳ȥ˸ϡ
Ҫȥ״Ҳ֪״ڹҩݣȥҲûǸ
˴ʱߵϡ
ƽڴ滹ͦƢģһ߳ţƢ˺ܶࡣ
ҩõƹкˣű¨ʱе档
߳˹̨
ǣ
ƹʵһ۾Ƴ˹ӦҩݵģֻҩѾܾûҩˡ
¶αЦݵƹҩ֪ղչҩݡ
ƹҲǺ֮˵ҩҪչģҪҪģĲҩƹģա
ҵɹ˲ҩϽѱ¨µҲҩƺõģƹԿǺܺõҩݡ
ƹŹ⿪˲ĿӣץһѳĲŪţҡͷ̾ϢһվҩҲҪ㱳ȥɡ
⻰һùˣȵĿƹ񣺡ΪβҪƺ˵İ
ƹ̾ϢһһҩûѡɾзùõûѡڶҩַԣҩݻһˣҲ֪βǴ£΢һԣҩʵǲ㻹ֱûȥɡ
һϣȴЩҩݸͲá
Ҫ˳ʲô¿ɾˡ
ĺܣĵ׺ܷŭΪҩݾɹɣû뵽ɹɺҩƹһۿ⡣
㲻Ըվˣα̭ҵĶ
ߵİѲ¨ͷŭ뿪
ûоҩʲô⣬ɼҲҲɹôôľͳˡ
ûģ¶֮ȥسǡ
سǵҩö࣬ѡҲȽ϶࣬ҩȥ
ʵǲпģ˺ܶҩõõĴ𰸶һչҩݡ
֮ǰƢǿòҲ飬ʵһơ
صӣһʱҵ˹̫̫
˵ȥҩݵ飬Ҿڴڣֻȥˣȴûмںء
ű¨ææĻ˴ӡ
ʱ˶һժҩݣɺ͹ʰ
Ȼ֪ڶ磬ɻǲģÿһҲҩսУǺ±͵ˡ
˫Ҳڰʰȴ̫̫͹Լ̫үˡ
һˣɾһֲõԤС


291æ

˵ô̫̫ǼҴûʲô¡
һֱǲϵ鷳ҪʲôԶ
̫̫ûǰ棬ǰǹ̫ү
ƽ﷢ʲôìܶǹ̫̫ͷ̫үһֱ䵱ԹߵĽɫ˵ûиɼˣҲֻʣ¹̫үˡ
ɼң̫̫Ҳ׼֪Ҫǰɼҽ棬Իû˵ìܾͳˡ
̫үһƽûʲôìܣ֮Ҳ
ʵ̫үģΪܶͬڹ̫̫ѹ£ϿԺԲᡣ
ǹ̫̫飬֪ôڡ
Ǹӣһģʱ˰أֻһҲ˳
Ƥ߽˹ҵԺӣĹɻй˺Ժӣ˫Ҳĸں棬´ܴ
Ҳ߳־վϵߣĿŹ̫̫ˡ
̫үɫΣʱ򿪿ڵĻ϶òһãڵĻôӲõˮˣʮӰɲСĿ
û˵ԱߵĹ
ʲô
Ժӭľˡ
̫үһЦǰǵԲ㣬ڻǸϣܹԭµǰð
ЦһԹ̫үҲ˿ûøУϱ𰡣֮һϵûУֱ˵ʲô°ɣʱ䱦ء
ﻹô϶ûʲô¡
̫ү˵ʱһͷȴ̫̫һۣǲˡ
ӲͷƤ̫үϹͷŽô˵ŵĶҵѪα㡭
ûˣŷ˵ĳ嶯˵£Ҫǲ˵뿪Ҫæ飬վﵲסˡ
˵ʲôϹͷŽⲻǺЦôҪ΢һ飬ôֳ֮ûʲôΥĵ飬ȻҲΡ
̫үԽԽҲסǰĹذ
֮ûϵˣһҲĥֱ˵°ɣ֪Ǽҵҩ׼ҡ
һ˵꣬Ȼûôˣɲɶܹܵˣѹ̫̫ˡ
ʱ˿ڣǴô
̫үȻ֪Щҩôģչʱûв̫ࡣ
϶Ҳ֪ǮΡ
ͷŹ̫̫˿̹վ˳
鲻ǺܺãȥһسôԶҩݾȻҲûȥҩĲ򵥣ǰɺֻɹҩݣʵЩҩ˺ܶ๤ûġ
ҩݵļǮ˵չļǮ㡣
־ڱصãͲŹɲĶͷϿкöҩݵġ
ûԤϵֱӾܾҸɴ䣺ǲУƽչҩݶǰƷգҩݺãƽļǮû⣬ҩҪǲأҿɲԭ۸ˣһӦúҩݺܶ෢ùˣѹͲá
ʵȴŭˡ
չҩݾ̧ǮģѰǮȥˣÿҩݾչҪņۣ̀ôñѰǮչ
̧ۡ
û˵ɾͲȥˣҪŪһ飬ɲ̧չҩݵģһʼǱѰǮһ⣬ҲûмӼģǸǹŪһᣬʱҲǳˣǲţЩֲҰɣмӼҲԸģҿҩǰÿչҩ㹻ˣҩ˵滰Ҳչ
ǮǰĻ˵
㲻ΪѹҲ˵ΪǱߵҩ⣬ҪչҩݣɻӰҩݵƷʣʱòʧ
̫̫ŭСӣ˵⻰ǹİɡ
úܣ뵽ôչҩݣɾͱһĲֵˡ
ĿŹ̫̫ͳʵø˵˭Сӣ˵ʱ˵Īʱǻ
ƽǺܲףؼʱǺܸģ˫ֲ˵˭Сӣվ˵ף湷²˻һ߸ϵ̬˭Ը⿴Ű裬ͻȥĪҪ
ߵĳ˴ԺϽ˹վ˫µ


292

̫̫ˣһÿˣ֪ŵĻץס˰ѱһڣղӦòô嶯ģԷ˿û취
ʿˮ˺ࣺܶҩǰĲһ仰кܶ˵չأҪǿǼҽҲһʱǡ
̸鵱ȻԼˣٲ˿ĵϸ
͹ɶ׹̫̫ڵ̫̫һ߸ϵӣ˿ûпȥɣǲչˡ
һ仰˵ù̫̫Ҳ˵ˣǲƣڹӣ֪ɸͲЩ⻹ô̸
Ҫ˵ĳ嶯ѹסеĻǳ̸ģҩݾͰ㷽˵չƷɡ
ҩݸȲˣٵȥ࣬ڼﻹкܶƷʺûģֻҪܰѶڻڼеҩȥˡ
û뵽ôЭˣĵ׾ȣɫȴԵˡ
ȻˣȻҾͰҩ͹ôչġ
¿Ѫ޹飬ȥֻԹ첻һ˺
ʱҪ̣ڱȻǵȵʱźú㡣
ɼ˸֪һûġ
νˣûľûĿ
òһûһӵתһ뿪
óһ뿪塣
ΪΡ
ºһЦ֪㲻ңЩҩչ׬أ룬õЩҩݺ׬ǮˣǲǸʹ졣
֪Ըչ̫̫ҵҩݣӹȥ
ƺ˺ܶࡣ
Ц㶮öֻ࣬Ҫû͹ˡ
Ȼҩݰˣȫ˳ΧۣȻٲЦġ
ǰչҩݵʱܿˣм䲻һЩˡ
û˵ǰܹϸӣǰҩˣ
˭֪ԭˣ߼չɶû
ҪеҩɣȻðչɵĹ
˵ָ㣬жһԽԽ
ڹҩݰ֮ϸΪûмʱҩƳܶҩݵҶƬùã˵ǺأЩѾӰҩݵƷʣǾԲҪҩݵġ
ܲĵַùѾʼõҩݾͲðˣҪƵƷʺܺõҩݣ΢һҩƳƷҲǲõģŪЩһɡ
еҩһӵǰ˵ƷչҩݵëǺأΪҪΪҡ
ɾĿŹ飬ҪõģҪȻͲǲ˵ҲչˣֻùĲҪˣҲøһԡ
˭ûƢǿ߹ӵˡ
һеŭѹȥ
á
ڹɵ£ͷԡ
ŹػصİᶯҲûԸȥæ
øӴͽ˫¡
һᷢûʲô£ͻؼˡ
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ؼңżĶڵѪҩȥˣʮӻȴֻӣҲ˵ʮ
ҲûʱͿôǮԽԽ⡣
صұƲ֡
һ׬Ǯǹɣʲһһһ£û׬ǮͲ˵ˣһʽ
˺ôҲûһãԽԽǱ
ĵ׾ʲ
̫̫˵ʮӾͻ˼ӻ˶ˡ
ƽʱͦǿһˣͻȻͿ
ôôడúõ׬ǮôؾͱǼǵʲôù
ܹ׬һǮأû׬ǮʮӽȥһƲݡ
һɿҾ˵ǹʷôôأǳ뿪ˣԿȴǡ
ɲǣʷûӽ
ؿڸĺܡ
ϵĻҲ㡣
ǵʱͷԣ룬Ǽ۵˵Ҳǲʷ˵͹ɹǼҡ
ǰûʲôԽԽΡ
һһֱǼңֻġ


293±

ԽԽһǹһҪǼңԹ˹ʷףŪһҵڹʷＰʱˣأʲôûˡ
ֻ̫̫Ҫһ뵽ô׻ûܰ𵱳ɽҪ뿪ң𿴵һҷ˻ܡ
ϧô׻Ӿû˰ֲʷǸѾͷĵԲˣһֱóԺúȵĹţҪ
˵ʲôˣϲľĳ棬΢һڳԡ
Ʋʱ͸˵˲ҪչˣǾǲҹʷ϶һֱڼƻ뿪أͲʲôˣҲ˵ǮѵûôʷҲջʱ򴩵ѱȽϺãѺͨڴҫţ֪׬ǮˣҲҫˣȻΪϵû٣֪ûʲôҫġ
һмֵ
ڲУ͸ĻҶʲƾʲôճԿǣȴǹɣҲܹʷǲǸһйϵһҶưոݵġ
һƻ
üͷܲͱϹ˳ɲҶ滹кأҪǳʲôĸӸô죿һǵһǣʲôʱදһԴͺˡ
ǿ߹̫̫͹ӵӣÿһζԿ˿Ժڣʱʲôã˿ôûС
̫̫һϵ㹻˰һû˵ķݡ
ϲϲôûУѵҲǹҵϱҪǲϱҲԣȵĺӳҾúӸգ㶼ҡ
һֱ͹̫̫ԽԽòһá
˳̧֣ͷ̾ϢܲܲҪְһ㣬֮Ҫһĵףǲÿ춼ҪɹҩôǴļӿȼúܡ
ĵǸ񶾵ļƻ
ɺ˯ú㡣
˯ģͻȻбǼŵһӲζ
ɿһѡϽҡŹɣѾ졣
һſ۾ͿϽӣавãһͷһǳˣ
ϽǵĿϵʲôˡ
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ˮˣˮˡ
ŻˣЬӴϣһԵϽԺļӲ֪ôŻˡ
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ԺļҶû˼ңΪ˷һ΢տĵģصĵطľͷģӡ
ӴһʱˣϷ紵ɹģʵͱȼĸӣ̫
Żôһ˹Ż
˶ˣܶ˶
Ѿ˺ܶͰˮˣ˼棬ܴȼ̫ǼȻмȼյĻѡ
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ҲľͰʼˮڻ棬ǻҡ
ȵ֮ǰõļҲȼյĿȫǡ
õľҲرȼա
žȻ˶һڵϡ
Ҳǰס
ĵѾ˭Ż
дһ𣬶ϺֲûμҪϻӺܲףȻϲμǵϳ嶯ȥ⡣
ô˰һˮʱľͰѲˮָҺȡ
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Ѿµ˭κû֤ݡ
ŭúܵȱ£һ֪ǴˣŲҩȻϲ·ΨһµĲԶֻϧû֤֤һġ
Ҳǹյģ֪ŻʼʵѾ֪˭Żˣϧû֤ݡ
ܲûһ֤ݾȥ˵ĳĳŻɡ
ԷŲǲȱ£ҪĲǿżȼȻҲɹҩݡ
ƺ뵽˴𰸣չôҩݣԷȻûҩ׬ǮȻҲҩ׬ӣͲ߻˷Ż
ʹúܣӴʱҷ˺ö˼һѻ͸һ棬˭˭ˣ
ĵҲлɶֻô벻ͨԷΪҪ
ѵֻǵıô
Σ𣬼Ȼ飬治ὲˡ


294׷

ϿԿ϶ǹģΪûеʲôˣҩݿ˺ܶӣжȻ̹
ʱҪҲܹ뵽ģֱյҴõļӣǲɹҩô
һǼҲǹ뿴İɡ
Ķ񶾡
ɫҲãô飬ʲôѲ
ǰѼӸˣҲ´á
ǹܣοɲõǣ˼ҲѲģҾɽ´ӣһվͺˣԺļûбյԺļɹҩݡ
Ҳ뷨ǲֻǺг𲻱ǾӣһҪġ
㰲˴ӣҪȥ˭ݻ𡣡
˵Ź˹ȻҲμˡ
üͷ壬һεĻ˶˹Ż𣬹һûˣҲŻΪȼõĲܶ࣬ҪһҲֻбˣҪϴĹûУ˷֣еĹˡ
ҲֻϤ˲֪˭˹
һεķŻܶ񶾣ԲӲܡ
Աкü˼Ҷ˹峤鲻ܲܰҼҵĹҩˡ
ҼҵĹҲҩˣԱ߻ûİͷһͷ˶
Żÿ°Ҫҵ˰ҹ˯žˣ˭֪᲻ڼҾͱ
һһ˶ֵþʧ롣
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컹ûȵ֮Ǿ׷飬ұƻ˸Ļ侲˵һҪ
ʱվһۿһȦûȺпʱڸ˵ûֻ˵顣
ӵҪˣȵ´ҳԷҪԸһһʮǮɽӡ
ʮһǺܲĹǮҴ˻ٶǷһ飬ʱ˵ҲԸæ
С㲻õģǻŰѼӴģǵһ죬ᵢ̫á
վĿ˫µ˾˺ͱȥһˣѹٲŻǴ£һҪһ
һٲǰе㵣ǵǺ˹ٲ᲻ǴӰ죬˻ôǴ塣
ⲢûԹĽ֮ǰܶҶܣΨܲˣԷŻյǼҵļӣһǲǿԷŻǵķӣ˭ŻһĴˡ
ӣһôҲùһܽѵ
ԥ
һԵĴǼˡ
Ӷŵ峤ԥʲôٲ쾭飬밡ģ˻ΪǺ۸أ˶ȻǺ¹԰еĹҩʵ̫ˡ
˵ô飬Ϊδ滹ôأԭĹȫҩˡ
Է񶾣˭֪һαˣ᲻Ŵ˯ʱŻⲻǴʳô
ǵ˭ɼгҲ֪ôǼôȫûںʲô棬ɸ˶г𰡡
һֱһûô˵ĴƵĿ˿ڣϵҵİȫ鶼׷ʲô׷ɱ˷ŻŻǴ
ǵԥռᶨ
ãǵģٲͲñȥˣһˣɽһǼҵ
һ֮ôô˵Σ鷳ȥҹٲ
Ȼ
콥ˣҩ˼Ҷѹ˴ڻԡ
кȥɽϿյӵĵطƻҲǣȻв²⣬Ͼûץ࣬ûдŷŻˣȻҲȥ˵
Ҫɽҩ˱ɽǻ϶ڰæɽ
º˫ڻѱϡ
Ϊ˷ֹƻѡ
е׬ǮʹһɽϺ
ΧŻѿţѾ׵ջˣԫϱڵ߰һƬ
濴ĻøɲȼģŶԷҲֱ֪ӵȼǵ㲻ȼģԷѾĻİ˸ɲգ˲١
ż﹡ϣǰ߶ȴ̤ݱȽС


295׷

ϸ۲﹡ȴûʱٲû˵öԷ׼ݾߵɲ
ԼװԼʲô֪һĵĵš
úܿ죬Ϊصûе̫ʱ䡣
ŹһĳλٲеĲѵİ״
״˹֪ɼзô飬ȻԹۣԼææĸˡ
ٲͰ״ʶһ״Ϳ˹ɡ
ȥ˨״ǴŹٲɡ
˵ٲˣӹٲüͷһǰĻֳࣺûзʲô
·ϵʱѾ龭˵һ飬ٲַŻҲܷУɱ˷Ż𶼹Źܣô󵨵˾ȻҲУôŻҺûзʲô£飬ʱͲýˡ
Ҳ˲ø״˵ֻǺһɵ֮󣬱ŹٲǷһЩŻ֮ӦǴ﹡ǱƹģĹҩˣԴҶû﹡ȴ֤ݣŻӦģҲһֱڵŹү̽
ӹٲͷ͹ɵݾǶԵģǴû֮ǰˣ˵Է׼ˣʱҪץסԷ͸ˡ
ܺãȥ㷢ֵɡ
һҪץŻˣҪǲץΣڵˡ
ߣΪ˷ŻռӰѴĹҩˣô񶾵˼Բ̡
ɴλٲ﹡ߣ״Ҳ˺档
һ߹һߵǰ﹡кܳһʱû߹ˣҪ˲˴ֻ﹡ˣЩݶ¼̤ĺۼȻʱҲû﹡ϲȹԿ϶ݻǴˡ
ݻǹֻȻǲ˵ģȻ֪ݻǹû֤ݵ¿ɲ˵˵Ҫӵġ
ٲ׷ָᰤӡ
Ͼû֤ݾݣݵǺܴġ
ٲһﻹɢ֦⸽û㿴ǵе֦˳﹡һ߰ɡ
ﵱȻҪúõһ
ǰ·˳ʲ̤ĺۼһֱǰߣ˵ҵµ֤ݣһ΢һ﹡ϣɢ˺ü͸õ뿳֦
ٲϵĲһ۵˵ûݻһǴˣʱǾͷݻһϤӵˣȻô֪һйȼЩҪĲҲܴ˵˵ڴûʲôҡ
ɵȵľǹٲ仰൱שԼǲ˼˵ġ
ٲͲһˣ˹ϵܺãҪ˵ϵõҲֻһңǾǹһңٲɷǵù̫̫
ٲɼҺ͹̫̫ҵìܣһһǵã⻹ʲôûС
ҡͷܼᶨǾûˣ˹ϵܺãҪ˵ϵгҲֻһҡ
ǲģ໥֮ìҲ䣬һʹһܣδݻ鷢Щٲ֪ҪҲ֪ô͡
ٲ΢΢̾ϢǰɣʣµҪˡ
֪ԴȥһӣлɶҲȥͷ
ɸмĿλٲûмš
״ȻҲûиȥǸͷ·ߡ
֪ɼŻˣһֱǣҲѹ˺ܶʣ˿ܹЩʳʲô¡
ɳ̾Ϣһеף֪ΪʲôҪ԰ѹ⣬ٵʯͷԼŵ鶼˵һ顣
״üͷҲǵ°ɣģǳˣȻѡ飬ҪеӦĺȫﵽͷʲô¡
ʼһΣҲΰܾ鶼ǵĴҪ׬ܶӣҪҲôǮ
Щ˾ϲԼĴǿڱϣԼȴ̵ȥ˼
顣
״ҡҡͷ֪ô˵ˣǹҲͲϡˡ
ֻҪû¾ͺã֪ǼŻˣҲأһҪʲô
ǲԲŹһۡ
ָָǶڰſȵٲͿԴˣûʲôҪæġ


296׷鵽

״΢΢̾ϢﻹǶԹпҲ֪ǺòãҩñȽæдϺܺãǺȻûȴڷܡ
֪ʲôӵˣ̤ʵȷĿҲҪȥ˵һѵõˣŰ״ѧϰҽҲҪһǰ̡
ǽŴҲǺõġ
ĵһЦûʧҪǲúõѧҲҪȥϺú˵ˣҲþûлˣȵʱæˣȥϻգûидš
׼ϢһγʱģҲ֪׼Ͼòá
״ο׼ڰǻĹϵҩõ˶չˣЩҲԸõĶҪ⺢Ӿһε֮󣬱࣬ﾭ˵ⶼĹء
׼б仯ùҲοЩ˭Ҳ룬׼Ͻ뿴ġ
˻ص˱յļԱߡ
״򿴼Ǻ˵ľͷ̲סüһĹˣȻһֻº鷳Ҳ١
ôʡĵˣ϶кܶ鷳š
һЦǰֻҪǲ鷳ͺãҲûҪôȥǣȻô֣ҲûʲôɽˣݹҲˡ
޶ȵģһһҪִ
״Ҳͬ;ùӦ÷ùһҺ¡
ܿٲˣ˻ס˹
ɶʱǰһ
ţȴλٲѺסҲ
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ȴţΪҪץҷ˰˰ٲץ˰
̫̫úܣһܵ˹ٲǰסһλٲȡ
ôһ֣滹µ˺ͺǶ֡
Ҳߵ˹ٲǰۿŹ̫̫֣ͷŴλӵ鷳λλٲá
ڳ˶һ˭֪ƽܺƵģǰ̫̫һҾ̫ҲûĮ
ңˡ
λûԥתȥӡ
̫̫Ƿŭ̧ͷŹŭӣҪʲô
ɿһۻ˫۷ŭĹЦʲôҵȻ飬λүɷʲôˡ
סȵλٲͷˣǲǴӹҳģ˻ǵѳ˼ͷǰͷšһЩιԺļԣֻˡ
ڳΧ۵Ȼ֪ǹڵٲ˵⻰֮˶̲סһ
Щҩ˼Ҷ
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˵׵ʱ򣬹ɵ޵ɨ̫̫ù̫̫̲סĴһ
̫̫ӣлں޵úܡ
ʱӵе㣬λٲǰλүһʲôᣬͷҩģƾżô֤ǼҷŻġ
ٲЦһڻǿʶ˵治ġ
ǲȥ֮󣬴Ȼ۶ϣǼҵģҴҲԸ֤ǲǸһ˾֪ˣǵĻʱ򲻽Ҫ⳥ɵʧڴԼµηҿǰ˵ˣηɲǺóԵġ
ηȻǲǺóԵģһڳ˶֪
ϵȥţлܹͷȻ֪ηóԡ
֪ó
ʱô죬ͻȻ˹̫̫Ұ
ָֻ̫̫ˣŵǳϻǷŵģܲ⳥Ӿˣǹˡ
ٲƺһ¿ɲӾܽģҪȥš
̫̫ϼٲУϽŹɣ̫̫վϽߵǰǲԣǼ׬ǮˣԼô࣬ļ⳥㿴ɲˣǿԱ֤ûһˡ
ҲϽˣ㿴ҶôˣҪǽȥѺ£ӳܲܿںӵķϡ


297²ͬ

ɾĿĵˣ
ҪôĹһˣǾԳñ۸ˡ
ͻȻЦŹ̫̫ϵ֪ˣҼҼӵʱȥˣĺӳʲôϵȥѺҲӦãԭҼˣ浱Һ۸ǲǣÿһζøַ۸ǼңΪǼûһһǾ͵ܳͷɣУ˭ǰҲܲŶ
ͻȻŭȻϾɱ
ɿŭŤεЦҸϾɱ⻰ֻû˵԰ɣ˭ǼҸϾɱأһϣŪװҿɴûǹǼңһֱҶžˮˮأǼҲҪ̫ˣһһδҵĵߣһһκǼңΪӲȥģҲó˵ɱٽû뵽ͷŶôͰе鶼˵˳
ι͹̫̫ӲȥΪĻȥŰɱˡ
˵ıʧûôžͰе鶼ˣǲ˺ʧ
̫̫ССͶ񶾣ҲһӼ޲ȥ
̫̫Ľ䣬ֺǺǵЦܵˣ˭񶾣Ҽ޲޵óȥģҼ޲ȥһҲܹ˳˳ĵģڻǶൣĵԼ㱦Ӱɡ
ޡڴʱһһλϸ˳Źһĭ
ʶϸ˵ģǹӵţƽʱҶš
һŭҼҵĴڶɰɰʮ갡ּĵʱҶ᲻ɱû뵽Ƕ񶾵ĺˣ㻹˵ǺĹôҼʣµİͷǼжͷһģһҲƱ磬ڿ˼˵ɶ񶾣۾Ϲһֱˣʲôʱǹǣ
˺ܶ࣬Ȼһ˺ܶԲһҵ飬ôһҶǰؼûȥǹǼӺùˣҲûȥѹ
һչҩݵ鱾ǹдȣҲûʲô飬˵ˣҪǹһҶҩݵļôĻһλǡ
أ費ɹҩݣҲ֪ȥҩݣҩݳ⣬һǮʱ㲻㵽һˡ
һеһжһûĹϵȴʹһңϲ̨汨¡
̫̫̫ҵĹ˾ˣҵĹҶҪ
һҼҵĹɱҹԣ硣
⻰˵˵úˣȴõ˸
үΪũұͲףһҪùһ⳥ǵʧ
ǵģǵģǼҵСˣƽﻹǽɽأҶӿϲСˣСڼء

ܵǼ˹˼ҶкҪٲ
ٲࡣ
ٲҲܶˣŭģûģץӵ˶վҲ֪ڴ澿˶ٻ¡
һλٲǵǰģһ
˹ٲ仰ܵ˶ˡ
Ѿ׼ˣѾӣ˹ֱӰѹ˫ְ
Ȼֲ
кţٲˣֱһƲϣ˲ˡ
˩ĳϣȻǵŽǡ
ʵգԹһҲûнǣѺҲǰ״š
̫̫ûбߣ۰Ͱ͵ĿԽԽԶĵĸں棬Ǹ۰
˶кá
סӣãȻĲ֪ô졣
ţʱ˴ɽ̧ľͷ
̫̫һ̳ȥ׵Ĺ˹ǰ˳ɣһʱͿ˵ļӸ⳥Ƕ⳥òá
΢΢̾ϢͬʱҲЩ࣬ǹ̫̫ģ̫̫δȰ
ڹץȥ˹ٸ̫̫Ȼø¹
ֵ֮ĲôΪϲԲٶõġ
ΪϲܹٶĻ£Ϊô
ƽ˵ɣû취㣬ҪĲӣһǰܶζŹǣǣΪٶǰϣû뵽ȴһû䣬ô֡


298

˶ѪԵģƳ֮ȻҲصޡ
ֻϧ̫̫֪ģͼӲˡ
̫̫ţûվǰﲻãƫĶԲһң鵱ǵĲԣҲжΣܲȥǸٲ飬ɲǷŹɩҪˣĲôǺð
ˣֻҪȳ
Ѿվߣϵĺ󱳵㿴ôЩļͷӲǰǵĵʱ˼ҿԲȵǵͷˮת
ЩидôŬķܶĿҲˡ
ڿ̫̫ҵģģûһͬ顣
Żû뿪ȴЩȥ̫̫ˣָҲ˼㣬ͷҹһζôˣ֪кҪأ֪°Ϊûĺӻ£ҲЩ°
һԵ˸ͣɲǣ֪ˣ˵ܵĹ֮Ҳûʲôϵˣô꿴ųТ˳ԳĿ̱Ҳǻá
һûбĸ룬ֻŶӡ
Źɵ㺰ȥ˺ˡ
վҲ뿴̫̫
ȥȴס˹ɵףȥȽϺá
ô˵Ҳǹĳʱ溰ݣûеӡ
ǹ̫̫ҲҲһ㻰˵˵Ҳ˿Ц
ϸһȥãͽˣһչ˺׵ġ
ڹ¾ҪˣڶӺԻ˶ܱϣʲô߶Ҫһˣɺ͹ܷġ
ϴ˿Ҳ˹ǰȻ¹ģʱ򲻹´˿϶˵ģʵ˵ĶûʲôҪ˾Ĺ
ˣͿķϣܲԭһΣ֪֮ǰҲ˵ĻһĺܳϿҵ˵֮ǰǵȷҪǵ⣬ҲԿ˰㿴Ҳܵ˳ͷ
ͷЦʵ
Цϵ˵ˣҲǵģһж̫үġ
ǰû̸
ɿ̫̫ίȫ˵Ϸ뿴ˡ
˿̣̫̫̬ȼúܣվĶŹȷæ
ִ˿ǰ˵Ƕǲǣ˵Ļôǲưոݣǰһֱǣǲ֪ڸİǵҩݣǲǰһѣҪȻǾ͵Ѫ޹飬ǹɵһûУ
һͺŶûкñ
ʲôû˵ֻ뿴Ϸ
̫̫ģûЧֻǿӲˡ
ָŹáܺã㣬ôһҲТ
˭̣ȷ֣ŭ˭ء
ء̫̫ѿڶûһ⻰ʲô׵ġ
ֱ˵֮ŷϵˣԼԼ˲̫ûһϵ£СԺ󲻵ա
Ц᲻᲻Ҳ֪֪ҲᰡҶŮϱТ˳أӺŮТ˳ֻºúܶأղҲûأҺӶТ˳ĲҳԿ
ҫɾðɣս˭ǿò˵һš
ָ̫̫Աߵǽڣ˵һ飬㾿ﲻ顣
ܵȻ
ãȻǼңôҾǿ
˵Ҫȥײǽ
ڴʱɿ˿ڣվԶһ㣬˼ҪɱأǵԶһУѪϣѪɲϴŶҶһ֤Ҫ˸Ǽһϵû
ŲŹ̫̫ȥǼװײǽ˶ѡ
ôϧôôͽƵϷҲǹˣ浱һŴġ
ֻԱŲһ
ֻҪװƵĹ̫̫²̨ˡ
ϺܻῴɫϽ㻹ôѪ
ЦǰǰĺѪأҪҸţ͸ϽȥûʲôϵҺαء
Ĺļͷ˲ˮϽᵽɽϸȡ


299ײ

ʵͲ¹̫̫ײǽΪǽڱģײȥҲͷһᣬٳһѪ
֮һ˼
˵̫̫вȫԺӵġ
Ҫ뿪ˬĴӦһһԺӡ
̫̫ĽѣܵҲûȰ˵ġ
վסǲǲһײǽ
Ͳͷ񶼲̫̫ײǽײǽʲôϵײǽײ
̫̫ĿŹԺӣֻйҲҪ׼Ժӡ
ʱһҧСֱײ˲Զǽϡ
һ˾Ҳܿ췴Ӧס죬Ͻǰ
̫̫ײȥǸоͷΣȻͷеۣ˵ϣװһϢģ
Ѿ嵽˹̫̫ߣϽѯɱҰ
ܵ˺ܶż⿴һۣȴ̫̫ͷе죬ҲûѪ
̫̫ʱȻshen
ɻû߽Ժӵʱÿ̫̫ײǽshen֪ûʲô¡
תֱӽԺӣÿ̫̫һҵϷ
һǲԸ⿴̫̫Ϸ˸Ȥ
ȥ̫̫ȴб̫̫һ£۸ʹһɫԹϲôˣ϶ûķӦҪһԽԽڣ͸öϺһ㣬Ҳֳ㡣
ϲɵ̫̫һ֮׹̫̫ĿģﰡɲҪҰǧҪ°Ҫʲô£ô
̫̫ڵϡ
վλǡ̫̫ܿСλãиǲм
ǲ֪ڸİʱСԣˣĻ
濴Щء
ӵ̫û£ҿ۾һϣȻͰ
ڴ˶߹̫̫һˣ˵ʧ֮ʸ
Ӹǲϲ̫̫һأĹôɶ̫̫ҩˣ˭˭ʵʲµġ
ҧʱϷΪǰȽϺƭģҽúʰȥ׼һˮ
ӸϽȥĴҡ
ҪʲôҪҪˮӻؼˡ
ȻɻúܣҪЩʲô
ӹһЦ̫װεģ㿴ͷͺһ㣬ײǽײžһȻװΣˮǹҪģʲôҲ֪
ƺһҾ֪ŮûʲôأҪѰαײǽһֱ̰˭֪ʱװء
Ҳû˵Ӻܿˮ˸˹
Ƶ˹̫̫ǡ
ֱڹ̫̫ͷķ£һϣɴ۾Ŀء
Ʋ㿴Ҹﻹûɣû͸Ͻ̧ȥﰧʲôֲǹһҴҲء
˵˵Ļ˵ģϷŭ㻹ûһ㹫ģ׶㻹һ˵Ҳ
ܲһЦҲֻ֪֪Щˡ
û˵ˮֱһ˹̫̫ϡ
װεĹ̫̫ͻȻ̼˲Ĩŭˮ˵֮סˣװΡϵˡ
̫̫˲˼·ŭĶŹ
Цˣû˵Ļ˵˳ֻ֪Щ˰װأ˵ÿõֶκòãһ޶ϵøûһ˵Ƕúܡ
ܵ˲ˣ˵̫̫ͷûѪأôᵹز𣬴ֲûײǵʱһ˲ۣΣز
վڲԶĴЦһõúð
ҲЦɲǣ˵Щֶι̫̫ǰõϤúܣ˹öأΪڻãϧ̣˵ĺܺЦ˵ôαأԼԿ಻˵ˮ
ڳû̫̫ͬġ
ϼúܣǼʶģҸͻ
ҪǷͻʲôԿҲ
̫̫ԾˣҹȻԺŶˣĲ
⣬ҸûꡣָŹһݻת뿪Ҳܺϡ
˸ǺôЦ
ҩļ˶ó޵ĿⶢŹ̫̫
ڴ涼ûˣ˭ж̹и飬ȴȫҩˡ


300Ǳ

˼ûʲôϷҲɢȥˡ
͹˲ûߣԺš
ܿǰţʵҲûݣǽ͵Ķء
һŹɾͶŹһĴָ޵һ֮ǰȻû뵽İ취ʵǲӦðû뵽ôصֶΡ
εҡͷҼҵĹôи飬ֱӱҩˣҲôˣԽԽ˵ⶼЩʲô
ĹҲˣȥѹˣǱ߸պһ˼˼ֻ̹ȥҪ㵽ʱһֻĹܾˣҪȥô
֪һεֻܴû취Ӧûȥãһεܴ󣬲ͨܽģӦʣҪԸһȥɣҼˡ
İҪȥһҪ˻һ̫̫һʵ̫ô굱ûܹεǡ
ôô
ڶ컹δɼ򵥵ʰһ¾׼ȥسǣȻҪȥģϹйԼԼ˾͹ˡ
һҡҡλεȥϡ
״֪ҪȥãѾҩõš
һɾͰе鶼һ飬ѾֱѺȥãѾȫ˵Ŀ־壬ŭ˻
״Ľǰ˲١
˳󴺴˺ܶʳҲû˵ϼ仰͸·ȥá
һ·ϻȽϸϣҲʱˡ
ʱкܶ֡
״ֽѾдãɺ͹Ϊܺߣ˶˹ϡ
Ϊ֤վһԣûеõʱ
ڵϵĹЩ㱣֮ѾǲǼϹˣȴǵһùá
Ѻ˶ˣͷҲģҲȫǻҳ
մӴӵһ˲ٵĿͷֻûһͬ顣
˺ϣľ£ö˲䰲ˡ
һȦڳ˵ྲ
űǿ״ֽ
¹ҵĻǷŵġ
ѾĥˣƽڴǺ᲻ģȴˡ
û취˲аٲȥ˴ӵˣǱٲģ㲻Ҳܵġ
ΪܳͷϽˣһʱͿԸеһҵʧ
ͷȻͺðˣ״ֽдһδյļȻǺֵǮȴɹҩݣһôΣҩ˴ʮֻЩ˼ҶҪ⳥ʧ
ŵĹϽԸ⳥ҶԸ⳥
бһȫĹȷʵǸثŶڴᣬڹϳô죬ܵһͷҲǹˡ
ķӦȻ㶼ôһʧҪ⳥ʧӣʮҪÿֻ⳥Ǯ⡭
ˣ˶סˡ
ΪһӾܽ飬û뵽Ӱɲа
Ͻͷ˻ΪЩǲģҲ⳥ôɣֻ˼ӣҼӹվ˴Ҳ͵ɹҩݵʱѣӰʲô飬ߴĹôֵôǮ
û뵽ʨӴ󿪿ڣû뵽ȫҪ⳥
ȻҪ֤ݣùʹԼá
һ¾Ϳͷˣ⳥ûҪǮʵǵĹԲֵֹôǮиģҼҵĹΪǼҿһԺô͵ɼ˿ּǶûðѹôˣȴֱҩ˹ö첡ˣôΪ˺üΡ
ҪܹԸһǮҪֻҪ
ʱҲڹǷҪ˹ӵ£ҿ֤ûжҪչһ׬Ӷֹοŵҩ΢öҪЩҩݶҪǮģ֮ӶҪ˿Ǯַ
û뵽һֱϺ˵ĹȻ֤һȫŹ˵
ʱòƽˣɥһίһҪΪЩ˶һء
иǲм治Ҫ֮ǰڴӵ᲻أҲ̫Цˡ


301¹Ѻ

ȻǰߵǷǺڰףҲడ
˵Ȼһ֮ʣ֮λٲ֣ȻҪλٲ֤
λٲ˹ãܵ˶ˡ
ٲֱǼʲôʵʵ˵ѹڴЩ飬֪ĴŶ˵һ飬˵Ǵ˶ᡣ
һлϿ˵ŭԹ
Ȼٲ˵Ŀ϶ʵģһſڴƻƣʵǿɶ
֮ǰʦүҲѹһŵĳͣҲǵһˣĺֶζġ
Ҫ˵һһһǱ˵⣬һӵ˶һˣһ˵⡣
ڴǱ
žľһģһŭĿŹ㻹ſڴƻƣǾ֤ݲǿѺһùٲȥǴӵ˶ڴҲԴ֤ԩ㣬¡
˿һΣʹԴǺˡ
ѾǼȥʱҪӵġ
ɺ͹˿̶ƽҲãҲնҪǮ
ڽƱնҪ⳥ӡ
ΪҲܴᱻĻɱΡ
ľһ£һΣĹҩġ
һβҽƱˣϾķӦѾ㹻˵⣬ٲ˵ʵ͵ðˡ
ϽϣһжǲģΪмʹһңҪҲһʧĹϲУŴҶ˯ʱÿÿͶ˶ͷȻĹˡ
Ҫ˵ڣп϶Ǻڵģһβ⳥ӵ顣
ԺвǰѵЩȰ͹̫̫Ҫҹɼ鷳ΪÿһεǳԿǷǱϾռ
ôһֱûЩһ¡
Ҳʳڵľôʰȫ֪
ƹɷŻΪҪѺ£⳥ʧ
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˲֪ˣӶԸ⳥ܲܲҪѺ¡ĺˣѺ³Բ˯ò˵˵سߵʯǸĵطһʯͷɽ°ᣬôŽ飬ǰ˵һĥѪҪ͵ð
ԽԽǺɪɪ
ڳûͬһжǹԼãо仰ô˵ţɻ
ƺһּ֮ۻ۵ĵط
ͷҲҶ˵ȥ
ȵ꣬޹һ֮⳥ʧȻѺڴ֮С
̫̫٣Ϊ˹˼ҶûУҪֻ֪ܵϹӶ
øպãһ˵Ц̫̫ȴûӰ
ʱǵĳ嵽ǰһץס˹أҼҳء
̧֣˦˹ֵ̫̫ҳȻǱѺˡ
̫̫òУָŹͽ㣬㣬ΪҪǼҸϾɱô˵Ҳ硣
ûи磬ģôиأſڣĪҪҪҹȥ濴û׷˵ΣȻҲᱻѺȥɡ
ŻˣΪ⳥ӵ飬û뵽ȴ˹Ѻˡ
ŵĿŴ˵ʲôѺˣҪѺá
ƲȻ£˵»ǼҲǻãһδҪ⳥üӳˣһжȥôɣǻؼҵţǲֻͣ»зء
ɲһղ֮ڣ¹̫̫һֳʲô۶ӡ
ͦŴţ̫̫ҲϽϡ
ɻͷһ˻ŵıӰƲЩһӶѧ֮ǰôȱܵ˳ͷôȥˣãԼ˽ȥ޴
һȻ˺ΪǰһҶǼƽϣҲԼͰ˵ˣԼԼ·˭
һǾûϵҪ˵˭ǵùֹʷ˵ǹʷô̫̫һУԼ˶Ҫƭ
˶ӣҡͷ̾Ϣ˭֪أʷŴɡ


302¹

سǹɺΪϾǰǣسǵλøǵλòһϣҲȽԶһֱɺԣһҪ飬Ҳ
Ȼ˵ȻҪúùһ䣬ͺܺá
ֻǹ䣬żӵ顣
ҪȻͼλӹ䣬Ȼȥ
ڽúܣŰѼļӸãȻɹҩݡ
ɾðɼ鶼źˣѵóһξͺúùһ䣬Ȱ˵ѵóһΣǾͺúùһ䰡
ҲЦɲǣʱһȥãǻȥûǮأʱǰ鶼źˣõĵġ
̾Ϣһ˶εĿջǴӦسǹһ䡣
سǱȲðǵķ٣СȻϺܶࡣ
ΪڽͨҪϣ̲࣬سǿȽ
ڴϿԵ̣ɹ۲һվسǲ簲ǣǰðһЩ̣ͿڼǮõͻȻˣȻû롣
ڿسǵ̣ջǾȵǮ㹻ȥǿ
һЩҪĶ͹ҲһЩƽ򲻵ġ
ڴҼһӺùˣҲûǮˡ
һصѾϡ
ǰŹɺ͹ŻصأŴæسǸϻϺ͹̫̫ˡ
ϵĶѾˣ·Ҳ̫⣬̵ƿɼҵԺ˽ȥ̫̫Ժӡ
׼ѽ÷¸Ĺ͹ɣܲĻͷվµˡ
̫̫ˣȫ˶һĳţƫԴһ
ϵɫЩã̫̫дųޡ
ͻȻĳеЦЦҼΪ⳥ô
̫̫ǰ⳥㣬ǲǿȥýѳˡ
ˡЦ̫̫δ̫һ㣬ЦЦҴ˰ɣҪӴгǵˣ˵ˣƾʲôȥ飬ϽģҪ⳥ӵľ͸Ͻó뿪ǡǼҲӭ㡣
⻰˵˵ú̫̫ܲؿһһ˶һ㡣
ָŹɵСúݵģôҲ󲮡
üͷһѵˣǼҸǼһϵûУĴ󲮣У˭ĸ⳥Ӿ͸Ͻߡ
ϿʱֱӹµǣǼ֮ǰһӣڼҲûǮˣ˵ǲ⳥ӣһֱس⳥ΪֹǷǼҵӿɲԵȹʱ˻ͳ׬Ǯֱץˡ
ʱӺ˳ͬϵҲˣ˭أǼûӵɵôǰҩݾͻ˼ӻȥǷŻǼҼӵʱôû뵽ӵ£Ƶ鷢ٴˣȡѵô
ҲǷ̫̫һˣÿһζøСֶһң·ʾġ
ʱ˿ڣ⳥ӵİӸ˾͸ϽߣǼҪϢˣ⳥ӵģҲ뿪ǷҲˣһοɲǼ򵥵ܷ˵ģһʵʵڵвȫ˵İΣǼûӹǼʲô£û⳥ǿȥ谡ǲҲôԴһҵģԲҲ
ǵģܼǳ
ϲĵվ޵˫ۿŹǼҺúݶġ
ֲˣ˭ݶûô
ڻһңôݶˣǷŵģҩչģܷʲôǶûŹһ鷳¶ҳģԹǣҪѺҲӦãӦôڴ㣬ǵĿɲֹһˣڵĿӡ
˶Թ޹һңŴ˶ҪѹһҸϳӡ
ӶҲֻйһҲ
һǲˣӿʼͿúף͹̫̫ͦµġ
ûԼΪڵĹǰǸױ۸ġ
ĹеԹҲܶܶࡣ
֪һûõǻ⳥ǵģܻܲա
̫̫һˣץһϵĸ첲˵ʲô⳥ǣǼӸͲֵôӣɵ


303½

ֻҪȳڹ̫̫ϣǲóȹ̫̫ҲӸ
ˣȳ
ڼҲùһЩ
ĶŵҪǲӸˣ˾ͻһֱѺѲ뿴һֱѺڴУͿų׬Ǯˡ
϶Ը⿴ѺڴеģҲʱ䣬ӣ֪Ѻá
̫̫ѹҲֱӰӸȥֲһǮǼʲô㻹֪ô
Щ᲻ˣһ˲ӳȥ
һ뵽Ӿ͸ۣȻԸȥ⳥ġ
ϺܷŭھһˣҲûˣѵҪŴײġ
⻰˵úˣҲûе
̫̫һֱϧ˵ĻһơžһϵϵһأǲҲΪ֪ĺӲҼҳġ
һֱ϶ĺǲǹģϾǼڸ㲻Ϻãȴ۰Ͱ͵ҪŹһ
ʱϻڣ֪˼ſСϻԸ⡣
Ȼĵ˵϶ĺģЩɡ
˵һ仰ȴ̾Ϣ
ǲȹ͵һֱѺȥһֱѺʹˣô˭
ң⳥ĻӵҲ׷Źǡ
һֲǮģһҪҸǮҲԣҵõŴ˵ҪǸ˲ô졣
һĵĿŹ̫̫Ϊ㣬ӻϡ
̫̫һ֣Ǽڲײôʲôˡ
⳥ӣҲùһһã͵֪ڸǮŲа
ɺ͹Ҳ̫̫磬Ҳûʲô˼
ֺܲͷĻ֣ˣϽȥʲôʱ⳥ӣԽ֤˿˵ˣҪ⳥ӣǲ⳥ԿҲǡ
̫̫ϲĵ뿪ڶһ磬̫̫һôڴһôһߵҪ⳥ӵĸϽȥͷ
һϣϵĸ֡⡱£̫̫ǽϵĽ飬ǰҪĻǰ⳥ӸȥȻͿȥø˸
Ҳܳͷ
汻ҩЩ˼ңߣǻǰ⳥ǮﻹÿĿģڣûǿĵġ
ϾҼһҲȱǮ˾и顣
Ȼ̫̫Ҫ⳥ӻҪҪģҪȻԼҵĹͰ˲ǡ
Ȼ̫̫ҵĿʲôҪһ֤ôǵŴҵҵ⳥ˣ˶֤࣬
һ㶼̫̫򽻵ſ񵶾ͺº˫ȥɽˡ
鵱Ȼɽ
СԹ˵һѹûС
ԺţԺ·Ѿվ˺ܶˣ̫̫վһԣ˵ɫܲá
Ϣһʱˣֹ
̫̫Ҫ⳥ӣ϶Ҫȷġ
һڣ̫̫͵һ⳥ҶӣֱӰӸҾͺãһᰤҰ⳥ģǳҵҲøϽ⳥ˡ
Ҫ˵ǰ˼һͬ˵棬Թ̫̫еʹˣĺƲ̫̫Щ顣
̫̫ɫԼ֪Ӹҡ
ʵͦ鷳ģǲùͣ˵ˣվڹߣһ仰ûΪ
Цһֻ²У˵ҪȫȨ飬Ӹңһָҵġ
ôǺ¹̫̫ˣʱһ˼ҾͲԸˣϾСĿ
һԵĹϽӸ峤ɣҪ峤ǷǮ
ǣϽ⳥˾ͻȥɣˡ
˶̫̫ù̫̫
ϱΣְѹ̫̫һ顣
ͬʱҲҪôѹ̫̫ܳȥãǲܳȥǡ
ңûйһ찲ӣҪġ
ڳ˸˼
չ̫̫Ӹ˹ϷȻ뿪
õӺѵİҰַֻҪǹҩ˼ҶУ⳥ɼҵӡ
ЩЦ
ǰ̫̫ѾĻǼҺƭߣøֶΣأŰɡ


304²

̫̫⳥֮˶ήˡ
ήҲҲܵ䣬⳥ӳȥڴ֮УҪǵϸЩӶˡ
ˣӵĻǹ̫̫
ϾЩӶǴгȥģʮӺúõĴţôҲʳǹϺü꣬ڡۿӾʹûˡ
һӣϲżˡ
ûˣϱҲˣһϣϲʡġ
֪ôһжǺúõģͻȻ䡭
һ뵽УұҪȥҲʷŪǲʷĴ
ԽԽǹʷֺڴˡ
չҩݵǹʷؿڱ֤ܰҩȥҲǹʷۿŲԾˣʣʰЩ̯ӡ
ʷŻӣ񱻹ʷڵʮֹ
̾ϢһȻŪģҲû취˶Ҳ
ҲԹʷģʱһֱȰ˵͹̫̫ʷмƻ̫̫ĸҩ⡣
ûн겻Ūʵܴ󲿷ָʷйϵ
̫үüչڸô찡ôӣΪأûˣ֪ôϡ
˵⻰ʱĶڵѪôûйȰأжðҪ
ɲ֪̫̫͵͵뿪ӵ飬ڹָֻʱʹˣԤڵĶ໨һʱ䣬ļȴ֮ǰι̣ʵܶࡣ
ҩ±ڼɹһжص졣
ת֮ʮȥԽˣ֪ҩչˡ
ڴ·ʱǰ֪ͨŵʱչҩݵ¡
һǰ˽ǮûǷһǮ
ùɸӭ˸õĿڱ
һֹͣչҩݣڴӵ˾ˣɽҪֲҩݣ˵ˣҲҪֲ
Щ֮󶼼˽ȻҪֲҩҲõɵ֧ͬ֡
ˣһεĿЩֲҩݲһ׬Ǯԭֲ𣿡
û뵽Ųҩ˶ͬ⣬˲ǸŲҩ˼ңһЩûиŲҩ˼ҲˣʮĴׯҲ
ΪȰ˵ֲͬҩݾ͹ѣȴû뵽ڴӵһҪֲҩݣҸЩͻȻ
ӢһЦǶзգʲô鶼зգԲȰ˵ˣʱﶼˣԸֲ
Ųҩݣ֪ҩݵļֵǸŹֲҩݣٲҲֲʳǿֲҩ׬Ǯء
˭ԽԽùֲֻʳȻÿеʱȥɽϲҩ׬ӣǸֲҩݲһǼˮµأкüĶأֲҩݣŻ׬ӵġ
ΪˣôҪŹֲҩݡ
ɼǵ֮ǰӢӾ飬ʱҲ֧˵Ҫֲҩݡ
ڿЧͦ
΢Զһˣܶɶʶ
Щʵ֮ǰҪŲժҩݵģֻϧʶɣҲ˹ϵġ
һε񣬹һʱ֮䲻֪ôˡ
̹ȻԸֲҩݣȻǺܿĵģͬҩҿṩңѵģϾ˸ҲûӣֻûǮҿǰǵ渶ȵҩǮٻҲԣһҪĵطֲҩֻҡ
ɲ·ժӡ
΢Զһӵ˶ܸмĶŹɡ
Ϊ鲻ر˳û뵽ô˵
һͬˣ
һλ黨ӵĸվ˳ûÿǺμҴģҶҹӣҾ˵һ䣬ҩֻ㣬ǲֲҩݰһܲܰһǡ
ֲҩݣô졭
Ǹˣ¾ҪףӦŴ׬Ǯɲһͷ
ЦʵĻܺãҩôֲһ˵ģʵӺֲмǲ̫ģǵĵôҩֲãǹϵ飬һϣܹԴ
б࿪ˣô˸ֲҩݣҲ֪ʱ׬ӣô˵ֵÿĵİ
˵ڴӺܶҹɣͻȺУվǽš
˵ЩȷôҲȰ˵ȫ˸ֲҩݡ


305㻳

ڳ϶Ҫֲҩݵġ
ɵȰ˵֮󣬲ûôҸᶨ
һļ㰲ģһúֲģϾϵӣֻҪǹϵ׬ǮҶĵġ
˺һᣬһԲߡ
ĥɹҩʱ䵽߷һԸֲͼҪҩ֡
ˣԺҲ
ϺҲ׼ؼˣҲûѾüûлؼңȻҪȥ
º˫£׼еҩݲ뿪
鼫ãΪ˵Ǯﻹʣʮӣʣµҩݿɲ٣˵ǿ϶ġ
ôӶǼ׬ģ׬ٶӣɲСĿ
ǰǴģƽܹһӾܸˣһٶӣôоϵڱҪǼ׬Ҳһǰ㡣
֮ǼڸҲǸ˼ˡ
з첹ҩһȫҪȥ֮ǰζҪ֮࣬ǰ׼ãҪһЩ
ڷҩݣԽԽãЩʱ춼죬ҪԽԽ䣬ۿźҪѩˡ
ڶ濴һµĹɵ׼ûидţʱ仹ҪȥϿһɵ
ϸһ㣬һʱûȥɵˣ̾Ϣһⲻ̫æûʱôʱĻȥˣհɣҲûʲô飬һڼҾܰеҩɹãʱȥɵ
һ춼æµϹ˴磬еĹɿķü
һδп̫꣬ãҪ̫ҩݾȫ͸ˡ
ΪĵıȽ϶࣬ҲһûϢãڶۿЩҲϸŵˡ
üͷһ۹ɵôûϢˣҪٻȥ˯һᡣ
۾Ƿϵϣ̾ϢһһֱĽ᲻꣬ڽҪ̫鷳ˣ׼ȻȥϿɵ
Űҩݶ˳ȥº˫æҲȽϿ졣
ɼƻ·ȥϵģ˵ʲôģ͹ȥϡ
˵һȥõʱ·ϣôһþûȥˡ
ҩüҩһϽҩݰõݸ˲ˣ˹̨һôʱ
΢΢һЦؼ֮󣬸󴺽ҩãһȦȴûְ״򣺡Ҹɵء
һᵽ״󴺵ɫͱˡ
ǱȽеˣ󴺵ɫ΢֪һˡ
üͷǵϽҷʲô顣
Խǲ˵Խǵǡ
Ͻ˺ãһȷûп״иƶʲô鷢黹Щ
ߵǰ󴺵۾ĿŵϽ˵ʵʲô顣
󴺵ͷȥɵ۾ô˵״ߵʱͶһҪ߹ɵġ
һʱ֮Ҳ֪ô˵
ɼ󴺵ͷڻرܣ۾һת㲻˵ûϵȥҸŸҵġ
˵ת׼ߣ֪ģ˴£״һϣȻֶαһ㣬Ҫթ󴺣ĺܽҪ֪ʲô
󴺼ˣ״ߵʱǧ߹ɺϣ˵¶ô졣
һץסɵֱۣǵöŵҸˣǧʦ㻹ǵú㲻
ùɵɴ۾㲻֮ǰ׼ĸôѾܾûˣѲֳ۶ˣ
ôˣ
̾Ϣһҥ˵㻳ʦĺӡ
Ϣùɵɴ۾һ˼Ŀ󴺡
ҥ˵㻳˰״ĺӣȷҥ˵ǰ׼ģ
⺫㻹ĲҪҥҲˡ
󴺵ͷһıȷҥ˵ʦģȻҥûţֻǺ㵽ʦģʦôãôܱŮ˸ˣԴŹٲȥҴҺˡ
ɲʶԡ
֪״Ϊ˵ģС飬״϶ھȻŹٲȥҴ壬ôֻһܣǾһǻˣĺӾ˭ľͲ֪ˡ
ԽԽǱĸŮԱѾ˺㣬Ҳ㣬ֻĸͶ·ˣֱӵֶΡ


306ɽ

ð״Գ治ôãȻ˿϶Թۡ
ɵŹٲȥ˺þˣ
һεǻϽ֮ǰһߵġ
ɰѰ̨һӣҰѰ
˵תҩãܿһȥ׷״
߰״λٲϣ״ɫǺܺã˭ɫá
Ϊ׵ĴӹٲοŰ״򣺡״ҲҪҥԣﶼ֪ǺĻԣ̫ˣл˵ˡ
⻰˵Ĳûе㱻Żң֮ǰֵʱ򣬵ʱҲȥŵģ⳥˲ӣ۶Ū˲ٳ
񣬺Ȼҥ˵ĺģģþöûмˡ
̾ϢһŲҰ
״ںܺڣ׼ôϲɣΪʲôŰ׼ȡһأ㵱ϲϲɣǸʱҲӦüְּҲ
ӹٲҡҡͷ溢ˣ˭ľͲˣһǿԿ϶ģ񺫱ôҥʵҪ϶թӣȻ㻵
⸾˵࣬ٲһ뵽ҥı£ͺͬ״
ɸǮԳٶȺܿ죬ԼĪҾԶԶĿǰһƿСҿ״ˣǰʱҿǳġ
⻰лϲߴٵϽ׷ȥ
Ҫô붼ð״档
ܿ죬׷ǰͣ˰״ǰ档
ڳ˵İ״򣬸оһͣΪҴ嵽ˡ
֪ƿͼĹɣһôˡ
֮ǰȥӣ֪Ǳߵ촦ˣҲµչӦҪϣԶ󴺲Ҫ߹ȥȴɻ֪ˡ
ǲҪɵġ
εĿһ۰״ԹɵҪǽϣ֪ô飬Ͻȥ㲻棬ҺλٲȥҴͺá
ǰ״ȥˣȻҥԳ˵ǰ״ʲôġ
úļƵóˡ
βúıóѣȥʲôʡ
λٲҲͬ˵ĻҲȰ˵״С˵Ķԣ״ȷʺȥɸ㴦ͺˡ
㰡ȥˣֻ»˵Ļ
Ӱ״ûƢˣΪҲȥõĽ
ֻǹȥֲģǸøҪȥԿô졣
εЦˣɵ㿴ҵǻᱻ۸ģô㰲ĺˣκģⲻǻλүһô
λȰ˵״հ״εĻϡ

ӹٲһֱܸмһλٲǺϤ֮󣬹ɲ֪ӹٲһλٲ˵ֵܣ䡣
Ǻ˽龭ҲֻܴλٲˣڵҴ֮ǰôŪľ
ԭڴҥ˵㻳ˣĺǰ״ġ
˶ĺ㣬ʵҶĺӸ״һϵû
һֱڴ˵ںҴ˵ȥڵļ˵ҥҲĴˣ˸˰״
״һ֮±ȥ˹ٸҲ˽顣
ȴ϶ô򵥣һԤıġ
üͷܾúǹġ
ͷͬȷǹģղҲͰ״һ£ӦǸͨŮɻ˺ӣ㲻˵ʵֻܹѡһժΣľǰ״һˡ
ʵЩɶһóѵġԽԽҧ˵š
ܿ쵽˴ӣȸ˳һЩǮóڴڵţλٲ˴ӡ
Ҵ岢ԣû߼أӭһλϤӣһȻǹɽ
ɼǵѾаʱûмɽˣΪ˺͹飬ɽʹź˺Ҵ塣
Źɽһǲ಼£ЩңôҲûЬӣô
ɽҲû뵽ںҴ忴ɣһתҪ뿪
ûϳǰǹɽϽȱߡ
ߵĹɽͣסͷĵүʲô¡
һȦܣüʵ֪סʲôط?
һ֣ɽɫøѿ


307²Ҫ

ɽû뵽ĳ¸ɼ棬Ǹ۸Ĺɣһӱ˱˾ˣѾߵĸ߶ȡ
ܹҴ˵ɣһĽġ
Ҳ֪ǰЩĺܿЦһҶܺãҴδǹһңһأҹһҵĲ磬ɱ˹ɡ
ڴǳԶǶҵġ
סڴУҪȥĻҪӴС·ɽ˳·߾ܿˡ
˵תʵǲ˵̫࣬ڵĹ⾰ܾùɿῴЦ
ɼɽת뿪įıӰûͬ飬ϱӵֻԺ֮УȻһܶණıˣֻ¿ľˡ
ֻڹɽúңҲûȻгޣ뱻ɱ˫ۡ
ٲ˳С·ȥ
ԶͿǰɹ˼Ůӵ£ڵͷʲô
ɺλٲֱ˹ȥʱҲ̧ͷЩŵĿŹɣŵվ㡭ʲô
Ҫ˵˾ǹˣɼνĶǰĹͻȻûô򵥡
йߵλٲҲʶġ
Ŀһڲڡ
麦ݰ״ǲͬģܲסףˡ
ڶĺҲˣǲõӣô
ﲻڡ̧ͷЩµ˵
ϸĿ㣬ֻı仯̫ˣǰڰ׼ҵʱţ˿Ȼ㲻ýʳҲǹüõġ
ɫЩ԰ףеӿôĵϴŵҲǴŲġ
ܵɵĿ⣬
㣬˵ס
ĺ˭ġ
ܴ󣬾Ҫ䲻⣬˵ʵ
ԴһһʿˣĺӸ״ûϵֻһʱͿҪ״ġ
λٲǰأʵЩ£ѻ˵
Ҵ֪֮ʲôǲпᣬϳ̫֮ů
Ҫ˵ڿ϶ģ׼һҶܺãһж㣬ĺ˭Ҳ˵
һŭֱðŭϽôݰ״ģĺ˭ġ
㺦µĲţ̧Ѿ˫ۣίĿٲˣѾ״ûϵˣͲҪˣҡǲ˵ĺ˭ġ
£˵ûˡ
ڻӣ˺ӵĵӻ˵ˡʱһжˡ
ɫЩڣΪʲôҪݰ״򡣡
ЩҪ
㶼ҿ͹һۣΪ˵ʶͰ״ãҲǮڰ״õӣҲܻǰȼü֮
ǱĸŮİ취˶ġ
ǿɷ֪Ϊҥ״˺ܲõӰ졣
㵱Ȼ֪ΪҪĿľҪѰ״ǾԲܳϵġ
ҡͷһãȻǲ֪
Цһò֪Ͻ˵ȥˡ
һֱеĺʱ˳ȥģҲ֪˳һ㲻ʮ塣
Ѿˡ
Ҳû԰״ʲôӰ죬಻ǸͺãҲͲˡ
´ź㣬ò˵˿װǰĺôҲģڵĺݣͷģҲģǰȫ֮
˿̵ĺŵģùɺ޲һȹȥ
㻹Խˣȥٸɡ
Ҳ߰ȥٸ״Ѿд״ֽ״㡣
һ޿ֵĺ˶סˣɵĿ˵ʲôôһ״Ȼ٣ǲ̫Сˡ
ڴǰ˵˼ôõű٣õţ
ѵôСǼ
ЦһߵľǺˣ㵽ڮҸɵ˵ĺҸɵģҵҪˣҸɵûˣĺ˭ģȥ˹ٸȻ֪
һȥٸˣֵǴˣԸ״ǸܲܲҪȥٸ
Ҫȥȥ˿϶Ҫ̣ʱ򻹲гӵĵ˭ڴ͸ȥˡ


308

бһ㣬򺫱ȥٸһ˰ɣȻ״򱨹ˣǾҪúôǾǳݰ״Ҳøȥٸ˵
Ҫˣʲôġ
ȻԸȥģ˫ֲ㱨˹ôһҲʲ壬ͱҵ˵
ʲ壿ֻҲ˵ڣ˭Ϲڵģŭ͸Ұѻ˵˭ʲģĸŮҲˣ۾˵ϹҲƤأҲûϵȻǲϣôа취ǳϡ
ûһڸĵ˼Ȼø档
Ȼ׹ɵ˼ʲô˵ǰץסĸ첲һȥٸɡ
ҪߺʱһȺ˴Ӵ˹Ϊ׵һλµߡ
ɼĳ治üһֲõԤȻ
ʱſ˺㡣
Ϊ׵ǿһֿۣһۺųλүǺҴ峤ܷһӣݰ״ǻԵŵǸġ
䲢ʶߣѾֵ˹ٸô˿϶С
ҾҪҲҪùɵͬ⡣
ûʲô仯ĵǲ峤һӣѾֵ˹ٸ㲻׷Ҳõ˵ǣʹ
һֱûѹɵһµߣЩĿ˹ɣɻʹɷǿɽ֮Ůɣ
ɲûи׽Ļᣬͷҵǹֻ²ܴӦ峤ˣΪ²ǵǸܽģҸɵʮ綼ˣҲѭ浸أδԽ֮£ӴǰĸŮϾϵ֮󣬱Ҳû񺫱ȴ˵ĺҸɵģЦ˽Ҹɵ˶֪²ܣǲ˽ҸɵأԶﴫҸɵ˼Ӱ졣
϶״Ӧ峤ҪǾô׷Ź˺㣬òġ
峤һЦ˵еֻ⺫ܵıӻԡֱӴˣ֪ôǡ
˵껹һ㣬ȴۿˣɫһ
һֱڹ۲캫峤ɫȴ峤ڿһ֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ǲֱУܾ¡
һЦ峤˵⻰Ͳˣ³һ鶼Ϊģܺ߿ҸɵҸɵʮܺãҸɵݵҲܶ࣬ڹϣ峤ӦøһĪҪΪպͰӰǸ˴ҵġ
Ȼ׺峤Ըˣôڵ֮
һж
峤ɫҲñ䣺ʲô˼˵ǰ˺㿩
ɺܼᶨĵͷҵȷ˼峤壬֪ݱǶӵһ飬οݵĻһλҽߣң㻹Ҹɵǰϱնĺ峤ϹٲȥٸҪӣǽӣ˭Ҹɵӣ˵ĵŵǸҪĿɲǵǸҪ֮ܵӦеĳͷ
峤û뵽Ҳ˵û̸ˡ
̬ҲܼȻû̸ҪǵǸҪɷʲôҼǵðɷҪġ˵꿴򺫱㣬֮Ǽᶨ
˿̿˵˺
峤ǺҴ壬ɲҰĵط
ЦһǰúҴ˶ǽǷǵˣЩˣͺ峤ˣвǡǳʶˣ㵹˵˵ôҰˣҪأҪء
о仰ô˵ģǮҲֱˣڵĹɴž
ã鲻ЭǰվŵǺҴ峤Σӷͬأһ峤ˣʲôԡ
Կ峤Ҳôˣڴ˿̺Ҵ峤ʲôͲÿǵˡ
峤ڴ˵˾صģɵô˵ȫӣ黹ộ
˹ɵ⣬ǰһ峤ĪҪǣֳ£ʱ򺫱ͲѺˡ
ҲѺ峤ĪҪҲе£޿ֵģҲµɿ϶Լ̡


309ͻ¼

ɵȷԼ̣Щ˲Ҷ
Ͼڵڸݵλˡ
峤ǺţĲ¡
Ļú峤еɵʵڲ֪ô죡
ڵϣں峤ϣ峤ô죡
Ͻ峤㿴ŮУҪȥţû˸ô죿
ĺ峤⻰˾һ̬ȱüᶨУǲܴ㡣
΢΢üһһԵ㣬ȴһҸģ
⣬¿϶⡣
ΪʲôһҸһм
Уδ黳бһ߳ܵ飬峤ȴôֹô붼ͷ
峤δЩĹͷˡ
뵽̧ͷź峤м±Ūĺ˭ģŪ㻹øȥš
һǹؼĺ˭ģŪϴ״ɣܴס
峤ǰһѵҪѹϵ㽩ûһô
Ц༥峤в˿бݺԩĲ㣬㻹ûʸвˣҸɵƾʲôΪҰֱŪĺ˭ģôܸҸɵһ
²ԸϽ峤֪ڸٸԣ׷ֻ²һܳеεģֻ½ֹ˶ҪܵǣĻһȦڳˡ
Щں峤ĺ˶Ѳ
ǻе
±ҲûĹϵֻ峤峤ľˡ
˵˹ٲǵòʧ
˵ˣ˵öԣĺӱǳ裬һλûɷŮӣǱϳŵģĸŮ˽㡣
ҪΪŮ˵ٲ
ĿŴңһŶӵҲҪȥţҶĺӲҰ֡
峤ĺɣĺüĻ˭ģԼ֪ɣʱ˻˵ȥű뱣סĺӡ
⻰в㣬㣬ȥ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ɫ԰ףŶӵֲ
峤һѿڶʲô֣Ұһ㡣
ĺȴһЦƳһۺ峤㽹ʲôĺӸûϵٲ참еΣʱеСƤȶ۵飬ȴӣ˺ڵ
ʵɣͺشʱ򣬺峤ˣסҲǺ峤ġ
Ϊˣ峤Ǹĳˡ
ղ֪ٲˣææĴ
Ҫ˵û⣬Ǿɵˡ
ɿĺһŭģĵ𾪡
Ƴһ㣬ȴһ
Ȼ峤⣡
ԲĴ϶ôһ¡
ĺƽﱾͱ뺷峤Ӹƶ⡣
תָСƤ˵ĺ˭ġ
ŵˣ㰵һãϽǰס㣬οҪš
Ͱ͵Ŀź㣬ѹҿĺһۡ
ĺЦ˵ǰɣ˵͹ӣҵɲܶģȻԸ˵ĺ˭ģôҲûҪеΣûҪӻǡ
ĺɵĻ˵úе˶
峤òУǰһһĺϡ
žһֵǰ
һƲĺˣԱߵ˶ˡ
峤ҧң¿ɲҵġ
ĺһָֻź峤Ъ˹Ҳ¶ˣĺӸйϵ㲻ҸŮûôȻ޲£ֶŮȻ
⻰˻Ȼ˶
˵ʲô峤ˣû
ĺ䳰ϴκ£㻹ģ˵𺫾ɣȴ㲻˵һֱаҳ޵ޱ͵͵͸СƤ˰ɣҵĵˣȴôģûĿƭ˭ء
ĺɹϵõһλˣֱܽ
ʱбһɫĶޱһ֧
ĺǰӹӺޱֱ˵ϡ
˵ЩôСƤ
ˣû뵽Լɷȵ°ܻ顣
峤Ļˣ㣺ҿǿ
ĺɺǺЦôޱȴѡõıͣ˵㿴ǿҵô


310´

Űæӵĸ䳰⻹ԣĶֺ£ҪȻôĸԸϺӡ
ɻ䶼סˣû뵽ᷢô£ȫ𾪰
˭뵽ĺɻվ˭뵽ܷô¡
ƺ¸޹ˣǳ˿Ϸġ
ĶǺҴˣĺɺ͸˵ĿʼȺпʼ۷׷ס
ܶ˶ĺɵĻ
ĺĺۣôΪҲ˺ܶ࣬βһϣȻ峤ȻΪӸһ
ûôֶŮѪ׹ϵģȻҲܹһ
Ķ㡣
峤˼ǲ˵ѴҶϸ룬ǲǾ㣬ǲ˹ʲôԾĵط
ôһ˵˶ˡ
ٶ峤ӴʱҲû룬Ͼ峤ľ˾ˣ峤治ĵˣڲϧٲҲҪס㡣
˵ס㣬˵סĺӡ
۷׷ף峤ɫԽԽ
ĺɸ峤˵Ļᣬٲ˴ĸŮ
ɣȴɵ˵ͷ
峤ûȷĺģôһѻú峤ʵʵ˵
ǰץסֱۣŵúܡ
˿ˣǰĺɸǰĸŹҺͶĺӰɡ
ĺɺһۿҪҷŹԣ˵˵ĺ˭ģ˵ʵ˵Ϊ˶ĺӣһ㡣
峤ŭ⣺Ҫ˵
̧ͷεҲ˵ܱסҶĺǺӵĵ
˻һ˳׵Ĵסˣɶò˼飡Ǿ˾˰ֶŮɶˣ
峤סˣ˲˵ʲôҺİ㣬ȴһңĺӵ˭ģ˵
㵨ˣҲ֪ʳˣӦԶ˵ģɺ峤ķҲʧ
ĺɼǰж㻹֪ɣΪҪӣڹŹΣأʲôôŮʲô
һԵĸЦڹŮ£˭ûϷ
ĺɰһ̾ϢȻŵʲôɣ֪Լ˲ˣ˼㡣
۾ͣת峤Ʊ磬Ѿ峤Բĺӡ
ﻹǰûĵģǿŮ˵ֻҪŮ˶ӣͷȻϺġ
ҳʲôӱͲҵġ峤Ʊ
ĺɷ㿴ˣж顣
ȷû뵽峤飬ȻĺӣɽˣأЩڶЦ
Ǻ۸
嵽峤ǰץס峤½㲻ǰɣŮ㺦ˣ
峤Ť壬Ҫ뺫ſңϽſңҪڴסôã
֮ǰҪߺ㣬ʱ˽ģصıò˵ľ˾ˣΪãȻõҲð
ЦһһתǰٲΪġ
Űѷ˵һ飬˶𾪵Ŀ㣬ȫû뵽峤ɡ
룬޿ʱ峤վ˳˵Ըͺ㡣
Ȼ峤˰ŵУֺͺ㡣
һޱʱ򣬿ź㲻ڼң۸ˣ˺ӡ
峤ıѾãΪǺܺãĸ˶Ը峤֮£ǰϡ
˵ҿ޺ҳŵչһӣҸ޿ܵǴӦ߱ˣº֮˵Ȣң˾ĸҺͿˣȻ
ĺɻǺģҡҡͷЦһǲǳŵʳǮ
ͷǳŵûиʳӣҺû취ȥݰ״ʵҲڰ״õһô
һжΪӵĹϵ
ҲǰĺܶҺͺãֶŮһֱ֪ϾǳţҪǴ˳ȥ˶Цǵġ
εԸһУֻϣǣס
һֱûΪʲô


311²

ı˺ܶ࣬ůźڵΪʲôϧ
ȻЩõĵطĺ
һȥٸ϶ܳͷʵǲȥ
̾Ϣһǻˣ£Ҫߡ
峤Թ޵Ŀĺɵҿ˶ʲôô
ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣû뵽ͱĺɡ
ĺЦҶ㲻ôңΪˣû뵽ȻôԲҵ£˺ӡ
ģҲʧųô꣬ʲôȻҪ㣬Ȼ˶ô飬˼ʲô
֪Ҳû취ԵТ޺ΪûӣȻҪİ취
ĺɳİ취㻳УŮҶܽܣȻҲ
Ѿǵ°ܻˡ
ͬĿɣĺӲҪԸҿҴæ㳤ҨDDףȫ˶ú˱Ц
ǾԲ˭֪ᷢʲô¡
ȼˣϽģҿԶ㸺ġ
ĺɲмЦˣôڵҪܵ𷣵ģһô㸺⵱ŴҵҪ롣
ô꣬Ƕ˼ˣҲûʲôõǵˡ
˸ɸɴ࣬ĵʲôûӰ죬Ȼô뷨ر󵨣˲Ͼ檺
̲ˣôûпȹˣģûָˡ
òҲܵǣۡ
ҧԥ
ڴ˿̣ȺѾȥѴ¸صĳ
Ⱥ˺ӣǶˣǴ°ȥ˲Ҫ˰ҶԷǺ峤
Լæ¾Բܴȥ
λ¸صһͺӲҪ
Ҫǳ衣
һλƳһ˺ⱲӶˣѺˣǸһӣĸŮ뿪ҲҪǱȱȵģǲͷ㣬ԼΪ֮
˵꿴򺫳ȵ㣬ᱻң峤֮λҲóĺɸ룬֮£Լ
ȵ峤֮λģѾлˡ
ߣܾҲƵ񣬻ƽ˴ôˣûԸ˵
ɲյǻᱣܣȥ˵һ䣬Ǳߣ¡
Ǻҵ飬»¡
ҲϽ£Ҳȥ˵
λ϶мĵͷȻ׹ɺλٲ˼
Ҳ֮õ¡
㲻ߣѾɲֱˡ
ҲλץסںȵȻҲ
˴źֱȥ˴ڣ򻹵š
һͿʼ˿òϡ
״Ĳɣܵĳ⣬ҲĹɳʲô¡
֮ڴõţʱĻֵܵϿ
ڿˣɴٲҪźعٸþ͵õˡ
ҩã״
˼˵ĺǺȵġ
ɵͷ˭Ҳ벻ĺӸйأҪĺɴҶ֪
ĺɡ
ĺɵĳ֪࣬ҲԵİǰɡ
״ܾ̫ʼϲһ㣬ǾҪ׷εģΪһε֮˾ûʲôϵˣ㻹ǲġ
ЩҲɼģЦˣϽȥɣһֱ߶㣬Ҳ֪ҺæסҲû㡣
ҲˣʱæЩȥЩˣϸɵʹ󴺸ҲԷ
ץץԴ绹ʣ˺ܶϡ࣬ҾͲˡ
ƽҩҲȻòóԣӡ
󴺲ԸҲǿȡ
״֮ȥ˲УһЩֱ֮ȥ˰״ļҡ
ӹ⣬׼дŻڰǵ֪׼ڰǹúܺãо̤ʵˣڰ׼£ڵǿˡ
׵Ͱ׼ԼȥɣϲľͺãϲҲˡ
ǰǧѡ׼ҵ㣬أҴ˺ܴ鷳


312һ

Ҳˣһж׼ɣҪ׾ͳףǲҲˡ
ÿ춼ڼ廨һ֮ҲҪÿΪ˲βģǹԵá
Ժͻ׼Ըһ׼ȴ
һȥŴ򿪣ȴǹɣС˰
һܿģһʱ϶ڼУƽҲȽæҲ˵˶ûС
ң߶أ̫ò
ɰеĲ˵ݸһҸء
أһֱ߶С㣬֪СæҲС㡣
˵ŰŹϡ
ɽݣʰ̧ͷͿŹɵˣϽ￴ûС
ɸϽ˹ȥʰϵ
´һȦɣЩ۵һʱˡ
Цûأһ㣬ҪȥǣжҪ𣿡
һҩҪȥǵģһ֪һ׬Ǯ߾Ҫȥͳأһߵʱ˵Ҫȥġ
£̾ϢһѾܾûмˣҪȥǿ´˵Ҹȥǲȥ
һֱھ飬ȥ׼ֵð׼ġ
ʱ򣬵һӦ֧֣֪ʲôȰ˵ǿһȥ簡
ϱҡڲ˵ˣͷһȥӰɡ
ֵӰģѧҽҲɳжȣҸ϶þûȥˣ͵ȥһ°
Ȱ˵ĶˣҲľǵʱҸһȥ
˺ܶ˻Ҳ飬һȥһڿϴĲˡ
״ûùɹʺ飬ֻ֪ڹϱˣ˵춼ˡ
ϴձ˼ҡ
⼸ãеҩѾȫɹɣ͹Լ˫Ͱҩݷװá
ؼҶûʲô£׼ȥˡ
ҩݶڹǰ׼Ѿһ
ģһǳ
·ߵòǺܿ죬Ϊϵ岻Ǻܺã̫Ÿ·Щܲˣһ·ͣͣĻնࡣ
ܺãȻʱ죬û꣬Լڸпܸӡ
ɷ٣ǣһ˵㺡
ҩɹ˫ȥҩá
ȥٽ֣ҩòǺԶһҿջ
ٺ֮ȥ˳ҵҩá
ƹЦеĿС˰һҩݰãá
ɵҩݺã΢һҩÿۺ찡ǰܶҩݶҪ򣬼Ǯ϶߱ˡ
йͽĹԴ˵㲻˳ҩõĹӦṩļζҩȴðǸļҩõõʵݡ
Ϲɵҩݺܺã̵ṩҩݶҪúܶ࣬ҩôϲ
ôҩҲһǧɡ
ƹ֪ԼҹеСžţڼ֮飬Цǰ͵û뵽Сˡ
ĺƹ񣬹ºһЦһȦҩãȴûм׼е㵣ģ׼û𣿡
һʱûˣҲ֪׼ôˣ˵ʱ׼Ӧǰõġ
ƹ񿴳˹ɵĵģϽõģ׼ȥˣȥˣҩܼλϲڷܣҲ棬ҪǺܺѧλ򶼰ͽڽ̡
⻰ɲһİ׼ʲôأû뵽ǳȥˣǺ£ųҲ֤׼ҽõ˿϶ԸŰ׼Ҳǿ׼
ȥ׼ǰ;Ǻܺõġ
ҩȫᵽ˺С
ɸźƹ˺á
쾮мҩݣƹϵЦݸԣһһļ
ҩƷʶǺܺõģ⣺ҩݵǰһã˵ҪֲҩݣʱҲΪ׼˺ܶҩӣǲ֪Ҫֲʲôʱȥѡѡɡ
ֻҪǳԸ飬Ǵ¡
ɺǸмǵ飬û뵽ƹѾʼˣôжֻҪҩӶԣɽеҩӲòգƹǰҴæ
Ҫȥҩӣô˿Ҫ
ںƹܰæȫ⡣
ƹʾùȥ˫Լ²ģš


313ҩ

ɽ廹иڴӵ˶ԸֲҩݣԹ˵Ǻ£ȻҪҩֺܶ࣬ҲһʴĿ
ҪǣЩ˼һ᲻ǰӡ
ҩӻ֪ỨأЩǹɵĵ顣
ݿ϶Ҫƹ飬㵽ʱҪӸǰҲ渶ǡ
ӣҩͯ͵˲Ȼȥ
ƹΪ˺ºͣϺϲЦŵչӻҩãÿһҪʹСǷҩݣƹһ͵ˡ
Բ˵˾͸ϽСȥ֪ͨˡ
Ȼǲ֪Щġ
ųҪһξȻеɬˡ
һγͳңûܵİ⣬ֻǲҽܡ
ûгȥôһҪԶС
ƹҡҡͷ̾Ϣһû˵Ҳͦ˳ģҲ֪Ǵ˼ңҲ˵ӻкܶܵܣ͵үһҲкöֵܣǳӵһһܹע΢е㲻þͻᱻڸһξʹԹûԶС
⵹ǡҲһ㣬Դ˼èҲŵģһ;ÿ£Щ黹治ӦԵģ֮ĵͦͬġ
˿̣ĵҩҪǮ
ԥһµ֪ҩҪӣҺǰƻһ
̫ˣôͲҵ渶ˣȥ֮յ˵
ƹºһЦϿҵҩֵļǮƱҩҪһ㣬ЩҩǰרΪչģһҲǿɹ۵ģӣһӿܹ󣬵ֲĻȴֺܶࡣ
ȷʵǮһûϵֻҪܽͺá
ƹһᣬ˽ӡ
ҩѾؼ¼ˣСż¼õıӽ
һ֮鶼ǺƹģԿ˱ϼ¼Ķ֮̾Ϳʼ
ɺ͹˿̶еŵģһҩȫ׬ӣ϶Ѿȥһ룬һ˵Ѫȫ棬ȻҪջģþ
ƹ̧֮ͷŹЦ԰һҩпء
ʲôЩ˼Ŀźƹ֮ǰԤû뵽ôࡣ
һԵĹ˫ҲˣһٶӰСĿ
ôôࡣɲŵʵ
ƹ̹ȻһЦ㿴󶬻ɽ鶼ȽϹ󣬶һҩݻ϶ǱȽֵǮģ԰һβôǮһһٰʮǮ㿴һ˱Լһ¡
źƹģֻҪǺƹģҲʲô
˱˻ȥƹ˾ˣټһҩҪӡ
ƹվȴԱȡһ˱ϣ̿ʼš
е㵣ǣɵѵƻҵ渶Ӱ
òײ׬Ǯ渶Ļ˭֪渶ӳȥ
ɿһۻ˵ĺƹҵÿҪӣҪǼʮӾ͵渶ˣʱȥҪӣռǮǾǣҲ׬ʲôģ˾մӡ
̫ҲȥеΡ
ܿƹˣԱһЦˣһҪʮӣŹֲٶĶء
ֻҪʮӸͲÿǣЦӾʹҩ
ʮӿԳеԲԥͿ
õϢͼææˣǡóҲڣ˷ܵҩá
ҲһûмˣһֱŹɡ
ĵһ飬ǾԶˣǺȾƵĵһ˹ɵ顣
ʱĵһֱǣԶûġ
Ҳ֪õ֪ҵĴӣΪʲô͵˹ɡ
֪ŵˣһֱ˵ԶҪȢıŵڵĴҹ㡣
ЩԶӦ֪ɣ֪Ϊλôִţǻûİ
ԽΣУԽǡ
ؼĽ˺ãֱӽӣûмأͿ˿ڣΪʲôһʱҰ
ڰˣͲ֪Ϊʲô׹ôʲô
ɵͲܣڰ
ľǹǵԼҪ顣
صҲܿģЦվ׼鴦أû뵽ˡŲŽŵĳ΢΢ͷǴк
۵ĿŹɣһ㰡
ͦݵģǰʱò׿е⣬û뵽ˡ


314߲

ɵûԼжݣһֱġ
ЦǺһ㣬ڲÿڼɹˣȵ˰æˡ
뷨󻹵ܶ飬ܲÿ鶼Ϊ
ԣ˰æڱС
ͬںƹкǰס˹ɵֱۣһ˵ͣ
һڲ֮󣬷˲豭뷨ǲģӦ˰æǽһҩˣ
ɺͳ£С˲ˮ֮ȥ
ŵһˣҩݶˣҩЩҲȫ
ƹ˿̰˱ݸ˳һιСҩݲ٣һһٰʮӡ
ȷһСĿÿһιҩ˵ʵȻ֪һٶӶ׬ġ
˵ģţɻô
˱һ⣺ǺܲôĻ굹׬˲ٰ
һ׬ǮɾͿģ˭Լ׬Ǯǡ
رڣһ뵽ôӾѹֲס˷ܰЩǮȫԸһˣ˵ڳһСһķӡ
ȵ϶ĺӳкӣԺ϶ҪģͿڰŵĵطˣȻӵ黹һλȥ֮һ޽ݡ
ɶԳûһЦе׬˶ٶӣ꿪ƻ׬࣬ӦҲȽһп죬һжȫ㡣
һ˭ģǳæôǼҵĽ졣
һжȫԸæҪʱԮ֮֡
ðɣֻҪܰɾͺãڸллģǺں
ºһЦȰ˵Ҳлң˵һҲ࿿ԼҩҪǲҲչһжΪҩݺõԵʣƹ񾭳ǰأ˵ҩݺܺã˶ڿޡ
һԵĺƹȻҪ׷Ļߣһ׷˿ûѹɼҵҩݾͺܺãԺСҩݶչ
غ˵Ļ˻ģͲˣбһ۳ͱ˵ϵˣҺò׼һɽ㣬ɲܱʱˡ
ĵ׺ԹΪײǣҲ˵һ仰ڰǶİÿЩʵСǣΪݵĹϵǵСǻ϶Ҫͽ
һٵЦžζ
ʱض˵Ķԣ;˾˻ûԷɣ¥
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Щ׵ģô˵ù͵ġ
ûôҲ֪ͳؾԲǸǮһ㣬ѶУȵʵʱæ
Ȱ˵һΪѵĹͱػгˣ˵ҲԷģ㲻˰ͷ𡣡
⻰ɲ٣һ򵽵ġ
ˣҪͶѣΪôѡ
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ͱ¿ˣ㿴ȥǼҵʱô
ƹһԲɲǣһˣСС㶼Ǻýãͱˡ
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ɽҸ˵Ц°
˵Цߵ˿ջҩȥջûжԶҲû߶á
һջɾͲ˲ԾĵطջһλɫĸˣͷϲŽһ߸ϵģڸ˵վѾߺСˣһˡ
ջѾû˱ĿˣƹС˶վڹ̨λá
ͻȻһֲõԤȻ˵ôøǳģҵƶ֪߲ơ
ʲôʱǮ˼ҵķˣ


315

ɾеĪһֱܵ͵ðɣҲ֪ôǷǡ
ĳذһɣ˸ˣĸá
ŵ˱һ֪ߵغѾͷ֪ԼݣȴؾȻ͹һٰڼӣڳҲ²õӡ
һЦضô
ر͹龫ֵģЦеǲĸôأڵ𣿡
ʵˣҲˣָָվһԵĹɵҹСġ
վڲԶĹüͷһ壬ĵ׾ðһͷðɣȻ鷳ġ
Ե޹ʵҿ϶Ǻ¡
ЩͿˣĸʶɽ㣿ŪͿˣҪ֪ƽӼֺǣ˵˲ʶ
֪ĳŷ֣ƺ˽߲ư˲侯
Ѳ˽ҹ鷳ģһ뵽͵ĿŹɡ
˿̵ĹѾ侲ʲôûҲ鷳νӰб
̹ȻĶһЦһ˺á
ͷȻĿһ۳صϽؼҰɡ
Ҫ˵ĻûϵҲȻҲ¡
ظٴУĿˣҪû˵Ļã˵˱ʮȷ鷳ġ
治ˡ
ƽˣҲҲǳ˵ʱ͸û뿪˿̵뿪
ǼᶨվһЦĸʲôɽ˵Ҹɽϵãڲ֪Ҳ֪ģɽǼҵĿˣҸ绹¥ء
⻰˼ǣûʲôģǳҵĿˡ
ǱԲ뿪ɡ
üǲ֪ôŹɡ
ůůģǲµˣҪ
ջأҲôⰲǵ۾һԼȰ˵ĵġ
ؼȻֲߣҲˡ
ָָǰĵӵ˵ɡ
ȴûжǺĿ˵ʲô黹ֱ˵ɡ
ԷȻ߲ƣҲûҪնԷָ
ذΪһѺ˿ɲôǵİ
˻˽ˣǺ˽ģΪ˸׵ĹϵãһЩ˵Ҳ˵
λ˲ô˵
ɫһ䲻ǲʶ̧٣
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һ˲ˣԭΪԶİ
ȻʶԶģҲ幫Ρ
ƺһǲõ̬˿ûΣǹСǺֶΰʸ֦
ʸ֦ɼǵֻڰ׼ƹִʱԶæƽҲûйĽӴôֶˣԶӴҲûаԽġ
ãȻĿ˵ʵǲʲô˼ʲôʸ֦幫ʲô֦ˣ˰ѻ˵ס
վĿһҪ˵ĳأѵСԸôݵ΢ҲͰˣҲΪƲ㣬㹴˾Ĳˡ
˸߸ϵ̬˵ŭˡ
Ȼ˵ҹˣʷҹ˭ˣҳǵ΢ǶԵأһװ׵ĴЩ԰ɡ
ȫǷ˭˭ˣ
ҲʶĲԣģɲܶԶǳûһ˼Ҫʸ֦αԶþ˰
۲ҿɱӰ
ʾôãɶΪƺˡ
˼䲻ãĵǰˣ˼㹴ԶԶΪһֱȢޡ
Цˣ˲˵⻰ЦôӲȢޣȥҸ幫Ȼ棬Ҳֻѹϵοÿһμ幫ӶгڳԩңôǾ͹ϼ񣬶Ȼỹһס
΢͸ñ΢͸ñ۸ʲôûΪҪô᲻
˭˭˶κðɡ
ʱԲ˵̫࣬һ˦ѽȥôҺúÿô˵ġ
˿ʾҲãҲôҺúÿλ֪ôԩ׵ģǿݵ΢ú۸ô浱˶ӣ˻Ц


316»

һɿ˺ܶණô˾ͻ䱾۸㣬ȻԼûΪʲôҪ۸
Ϊǰŵ֪ˣǷԶ飬ڼ̤Ϻ˸
˺ܲϲɣЩС˭ǿͿؾصģȴֱӸŸɣ˵ЩҲرϲ
ƺһһݵŮӣҽѾǸӣȻֵٸһ㲻ɡ
ЦǾȥٸ
ؼúܣһˣһǹɣҧ˲ѡ񣺡ĸˣɽ幫ֻͨѹϵÿһζҸڳ
˼Ҳˣֻ˸
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ѾͷȻңгأƽͲϲشһҹ㶼ûеӣջһ˵
¥ϵϿʼ¥˵ĶûˣȻһ˹ɵֻǲһλİԩɵĻվסϸϸ
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ھȥٸ㿴ΣԼûǾԻϵģҲЭ
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뵽վϵ˵ô֪ôֶι1Ҷӵİɡ
ϵЦ˵˵ҺܲϲҲͬʲôֶι1ˣۿˣԸ˵ˣǼװ׵ĴҲ棬им幫һεİæһҩǣһΣϴ幫һΣҲνӴζгߣȻϲף˽ͣôֱȥŰɡ
ʲôӵ˽⣬Ҫʸ֦Ͳһֱųˣο̫Ե˰ɡ
̸òУָϵúúãǺú˵˵ĸŮˡ
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ش˿Ҳĸȱ϶ģҪȻǶȥ¥Զ綼ҸҲھ¥ҵ˵
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Ϣĵ׵ΪԶģֻǸʣʲôʱˣԼô֪
ϺôģЦһǴ˼ңǿûҪǣԶܸ˵乧ϲǻôſڴƻƣҲ˼ǵˣֱȥٸ֪ɡ
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һͰеĿ˸ˣջⰡ
ȥĻ϶Ӱջ⣬ϽǰԲλ侲һ㣬ʵ²ȥŵģǲִ˶ԴҶãο幫Ӹˣ֮¿󣬶幫ӵǰ;ǺӰģȥ¥£幫ӽ⿪ͺã˼ҹСҲ׹ǸеС㱻ԩˣҲܰɡ
˲ɵƹ˵ĻҲû
һ۹ɵǾȥ¥ԩ㣬ҸǸ£ԺܳҶǰ
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317µȺ

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οǸ߸ϵ̬˭ж̹ɣ֪ѵ֪˾۸ˣ
軹ܻˣǲ˼ڻ治ͷ
˿ɼᶨͻȻֲõԤУĪʲôˣ
ôֲܲӦãھȥ¥
ϵֱץߣظŹҲ뿪
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һֲõԤȻԶĹϵãȻԶе飬֪˵ƢҲ֪һֱΪԶȢ޵鷳գѲҹˣ
֪ԶԹкøУҲûе̸ۼ޵ĵزߣԶзִ磬ûȷԲȥ˵ûȷǲϲ֮ǰԲǰ¶ļģΪ˻ȥҹɣѲɷʲôߣ
ɵɫãĪ˵ʲôĻԽԽܣɫҲ
ῴɱ۸ģ¶ԷĳԶס
һвת˲䣬ƽȥĸˡ˵š
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û뵽˼ҵĹӸһûаغദ
أȴһʱк˵
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ģ߾㲻ϲҲû취Ȼǹٻ˼ңӰȲóңҵĸڰǣʱ黹鷳Ұæء
ʱҲ˺Ƥ
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ӾֱֱȥģԾǶԣǴûȻΪԷ˾˵
ĿģҲίԷˡ
Ǹ˳һ裬͵ĿųҪúñ֣ʱֵʱô
һΣȴ΢΢ǰǻᡣ
һԶˣѾȥ˵ʱҲû˵ʲô£˻Żŵ˾¥һ¥һݣȴһӵˡ
ԶŹɻгǵ˵ͷߵǰʲô£
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£ʲô£ԶЩԻʵĵֲõԤУôýеɫư
ƳһԶĵ㣬ΪһֱȢޡ
ԶܵĿ˹ɣȴɸû
ĵһֱܸУͷ֮ǰ˵֮ſ£һֱȢޣ²ͬġ
òһϲĹȻϲĹ쳤ؾá


318

ȻûŹԶŵЦһĵװ룬˵ûϵأ滹üȥġ
ҲԤеĲԾҪԶڼͿ˺ðɣΪλ
ǵǱ߿һۣųһ˵񶼲ԾԽԽòǶԵġ
֮ͬⲻѾˣΪҸ˵ļ㶼ƵˣǾôʻŮӶһ飬Ϊһ⣿Զĵײ϶ǹ海ҡ
һֵԶˣʲôֱӸ˵·˵ɡ
ҪӰҵԼкøеŮǰ˵ⲻǴĵô
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ܵĸо϶ҹ鷳ˣҲ鷳ô򵥡
ɶԸ⿴һۣͻȻʶԡ
˲ˣվҲĨˣʵʵ˵ʵѾͷûйϵ
ָŹɡ
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ͷˬˣվԶҪ׽ɽ֮便ûʲô£ڲĸУɽǲֶεڹ1أ˵ôĻһҪɽһ
£Զˣƻһ֮һദĻᣬ֮ĸһ㣬ô顣
ᰡ⻹ôɽӴĸ飬ûеĵȻֻŭ͸ɡ
ͷεĿˣҸֻѹϵǲż漸ΰҲûй1ҰÿһζнڳˣһҲڳͽԩ˼ˣ˼һǻƻ
ƺӶϴĴô˲ʡĵء
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ǹڹɼǰףĻͷһۣȴ΢΢һЦƫͷ𴦣Ҳ͵ĿƺŬûа׷ѣɵļܽһϲ
Ȼģ֮ǰֺܺãó˱һα
Ϊе
ںìܣĵҲ֪ôģܾðɳô˵̫˼ˡ
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΢΢ü֪˵ʲô׻ͬһ𡣡
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˴˿̿ȴҲȻҸûнӴΣͬ˵ģǺϲȴϲ硣
˿Ҳ֪ô˵ˣôΪ֤Ҳ˵
ߣɶûܳ˵ʲô˵ɲּǮۿģۺϺܶ෽棬ҵȷҺá
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˴ѾС뿪Զһʱ֪»뿪
ǳѵȻ⿪ˣôºһɡ
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ʵһ˷ŵǸҲûС
Զû幫ˣȻ⿪˾ǡ
ȴ̲幫ӻȥ׺úýͽͣǼɿɲˮŮӣǴ˳ȥǼԺôˡ
Զ̬ȺܺãǸջǸ뿪
ǵĿɣʵû°ɡ


319²Ͽ

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Զ㻹ѣͰЩҽ°ɣֻϣƴЩҽ顣
ΪֻЩ


320

ԶһֱܿգΪҲʲô̼˼ң治ܰɣƽҲܽӴɡ
ЩǽͲģһּ͵ԸһֱӵһμɵʱͱˣΪɸĹﲻһȫһԼԼ뷨ˣһߵһ
ǻƶȹɺá
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ĵ΢̾ǹˣôԶж飬ֻ˲һ·ˡ
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˵ᣬ׵Ķ뺢Կ࣬׼ɹˣ϶˲ٿͷɡ
׼£ĸɴһкҩôѧ˲ٵĺöкö඼ǰûн̹ҵģһĥţȵµʱͻؼңû뵽ˣҿؼˡ
ǰŲʱ򣬰ƲϰҲԸһõҩͯ͸ܲһӡ
ҵҩþͲһƹܺãҩĴһҲܺã˵ڣҩ˶ҲôĻؼңҩöѧһ㣬ǶæһҲǺõġ
ϲŰ׼о֪׼ڰǹúܺãȻ׼ҪǾͶɡ
¶ʮ֮ͿˣܸϳԲͺãûʵĹĵĻǰ׼׵顣
һЦĸ˵˹֮󣬰׼ԺˣֱӺ쵽˶
Ϸ
ôܹŹأٺһЦϲĹɣء
ɲˣ׼ˡ
лϲӺϷ
Ͻ˵˵˭ҹˣ˵ýȥ
׼˵ý˾ˣˣ˼ŵڸߣ϶ǿǼģǶǽŵԣ˼ǶСҲˡ
Ҳյĵطϲ˼ҹȴĲȥס
ϱϲģ׼Ļĺ
ʱ֪Ϊ׼ѡνġŵԡжЦڱӦˣڰ׼ϲ˹ԷҲʼˡ
Ҳ֪֮Ȼ׼˵˶Էŵڸߣô˵˼ҹǴ˼ңǼܸġ
һʧ䣬ǰοŰ׼û£ٿûкʵĹͺá
׼ϵǣϽͷ˵ĶԣҲףǲ֪˵ȥʳǣʳأⱲȥȥʳǣ˵ʳǱǶء
ܼǰŰҪȥʳǣȻм˺ܶ⣬û뵽лᡣ
϶Ժܶ鶼ˣúõĸѧڻʳլӡ
ɺܹİ׼ϲ˭¥ʱ򣬳˳׼䣬ʵ˵˵ϲǼҹ
׼ϲ˭Ǻġ
ԺƮһμصĳһδμصĳΪɵĹϵضܺãδôãôƣһ㽿εεƢûУˬ˺ֱ
صһһ
ĵһ˿ۣӿһ˿ɬ
ŵôߣǼôأҶԳ˵


321ϲ˭

ԽԽǿɬһ۹ɵʵҲʶӦûһ
⻰̾뵽˳أû취ڰǵΨһŮӱǳء
ǰһڻû䣬ҪԭΪ룬֮˲ϲ溢̫ĸˣһֱûбȳϲ顣
׼ͳһĻȻǺãҵŵڵȷ̫ˣ׼ɹһλ飬ֻ谭
һ뵽ﲻ΢΢üó࣬Ź򲻸ˡ
ֻˣֻҪŬһ㣬˵ҾʹӦˣҲ֪ʵܺõģֻҪĶغãŬŬлġ
׼ϸϸƷζɵĻù˵ĺеֻҪŬĻһлᡣ
ͷᶨ:һŬģҪľǸʦѧϰҽȵԺܵβˣų˻ҵġ
׼̫֪رϣ㲻ҪףҲΪҵ鵣ģںŬѧϰҽ֪ÿöܳʵ㻹ǵҴ󲮰ô
Ȼǵðڰ׼ȴϰ˰Ľף˵˷ŭ
ȥ˻ʳǣͺϢˡ
ôˣ
׼Цǰˡ
ɾãԼֶҪˣҰ׼ҲûʲôģǵֻҲûаİɣʲô
Ű׼ĵ˵Ŀ
ĵĸпϻƤôˣ˼ǣڻѳȥ첻ˣ֪ڳҹúܺãŻͽ㣿ôģôԲ飬Ҳ˼㡣
׼Ҳ˼ƤǹģҲŪΪʲôҪңǼҾһӣҳʲô飬ҵЩƲԺͻ˳Ĺôν࣬Ҳû뵽Լײˡ
˵пЩˣǵСʱϵܺõģ̫ͬ
׼ɫЩأɰο㲻ͺˣǼҲǴˣһ׬ٶأ꣬࣬ǴӸļӶԸǼֲҩݣĥţ϶˰ҩˣһλȥͿʼ޽ݣȵ޽ˣ׬Ǯ˾СԺǵܵܣԺܾܵͿڰ顣
֪֮ʶܿףʲôᣬǺ۸ġ
׼͹һᣬ˫Ƕ¥˰緹˾Ϳʼƻʲô
Ϻòһ˰ǿ϶Ҫһġ
˫֮ǰǾǣûϸĵһδҲŻȥԴڰͣһ졣
׼ƹһϣҹɣ˫ҲԼ뷨һȺ˷ֿŸԵ顣
ŹɵֱۺǵҪ㣬ԸԸȥһô㲻Ը⣬˵ûϵġ
ЩţϾŷ˵飬ʵǺˡ
µʱҲϲ֪һ˼ҵĹӸ絽ڶûȢޣֻ³Ҳúܡ
ʱľǸ˱־롣
һȷѡ
ΪѵĿųصܲܲȥ
غܴһ۾ͿΪʲôȥοɽİײŲأǿ˵ͣǼҺҸϾܿﲻݵˣǼǰҲׯ˼ңҲΪүүܸɣߵһҲʲôҹ㣬ǰԻҵŮ
Щɵǵһ˵Щʡ
һǺܺðɡ
죬ŵҲϲҵ檵ģĵܵúûһʡĵģ㲻֪жڸУһڸо͸̽͹أǰ˶ƷˣһٷһҺҸ粻ȥǼң˵Ҫм㡣
ǲΪѹɣΪ˽⣬ġ
˵ˣһʱ᲻֪ôˡ
ҡ
Ȱ˵ûʲôģҪģҸ˵ΪײˣֻǵϲѣҪ㡣
չɻЭˣһ˵һ룬ȥĻܲӣߣҶܶ࣬ʵǲ빼˳˵һ⡣
˷ܵĴŹȥ˳ҡ


322³

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ʵû˵Ҳ֪ҹɵ飬ʱҲǺġ
۸ɰûмɣӳغͳ˵ɣʲôӵıԳ˽ⲻԹɵĺøȻ˵
Щضû
û۹˵ʧҲÿǺӵĸܰܿڿ˵Ϊ˺ӣŵܶúΪѵ顣
ƽ߶ǲԸѾߵģرڰУԵ˳֮󣬳ֱŴš
֮ǰǼŷС˵ģС˺ӡ󣬵һС硣
ƺŵС˴Żû˾͵Сˡ
ػͷŹɵ־Ժߡ
ҵԺӲϸϸ;ͱش˺ԺʱؿʼǼҵլģ㲻̫һ˻ѾСסĵط⼸סԺӣҺ׻иԺӡ
Щȣû뵽һ𣬲һľɫûжԺӵľɫãСԺĳˮ鿲ֺֽСԺľ¡
ҵĵܵúܶôɲѯʣ֮ǰҲû˵飬ǰΪҾֻгͳá
ϸҲǰ˽̫ˣǰһĴ˼ңľǿ֦ɢҶҲֻӡ
Դ˼˵˶Ҫġ
ƲҵأЩܵŤŤģϲģֻֻһ硣
ǺܱŤ£⸮гԼûк˼⣬ĵܵýӽǱб˼̹ܲ
ûж˵ʲôϾǳԺ飬һҲ˵ʲô
ЦֻЩҲҽӽɡ
ػһǿƵˣȻģȴûк˵˼
غٺЦţ˹һ񣺡ƽװͰ͵ģǽӽҼ֮ͲҽӽˣҵҲûʱңֱȽңҸг׹ܽ˵Ҽ֮⣬лû˸ҡ
ҵĵС㣬Ҳûǵģϵ˳۵ĻǺܶġ
ѾڳشŹɽʱȥͨ˵شŹˣЦݣѾеš
ԶԶľ˳ЦЦоǹɵЦ
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ڮٹɵЩģֻΪûбֳ
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Ƥ΢еڣ⣬˵¶̫ҩݣźĻɹҲġ
΢еݣСұģкøС
ڳ˴ɵʱʵҲڴųˡ
ͬ˵ˣ˿Ĵ飬üĿģñѹ˲١
Ѿܵ˳ߣƤ㽻ҵҰɽˡ
εİһ۳أԹѾͷ˵ֵҲ°š
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˺Цѵһ˰ǣͶ漸գԴ㵽ߡ
ùܳˣлл˺⣬ˣʵǲ˼鷳ˣվ͵ûؼˡ
ﻹкܶҪ϶ȥȽϺá
Ҳѵˣɶ˵Ҳǿ
û£շԺкܶģغͽȥҸ鷳ˣѾͷ˵˺öأҶ۲ǰߣׯϵܻġ


323̸

ԹɼҺܺ档
Լʲô˽⣬ǹɼҲõĻǾԲǰ˵ġ
غͳڿɼκãԹҲ˺ͺøС
ǺеˣòãǲģӶԷоܸܳĵϲҲڷ
ʧ󷽵һЦʱӭҼͣһζû湻أ˲õǼҳʲô⣬ԵĻҲؿԾҼ͡
֪زϲǣϲˣ
һԵĳǽһ̰ڰ˵ûҪ״ӦˣȥɼǸˡ
̲ס͵͵һĴָ
صС˶У˺Ц㲻ѾͷڣҪȥҲǿԵġ
֪ⰲУزûмҪѣЩСһҲαƵƤܶ඼ǸĿĵġ
ǵóزʮһʱ򣬸һȺСۻᣬһóذæ˵ûóҰһǼ
زЩǺܵĹ˶ˣľԶˡ
м仹˺ܶ飬ÿһҲ뿴ġ
غ͹֮Ľܴ⣬ûб
ôãһֱǱûԽ㣬ǸɵӶԹ˵ϲˣɱһ룬ⰲǵС㣬ֻǰˡ
óڣкܶ۰Ͱ͵ء
ЩΪǺܲϲġ
ǰóҪƷǸҪô
Щʱı䲻ˣƷȴѡϱĹؼǰûɵʱеȫˣɺͳһҲԣ棬ܹܶࡣ
ֻЩУڻ˵ʱɲϲ˵ٶ඼Ƕġ
ؼúܣζҪʵ̫ˣζȥɼˣأֻϧɲұ̫ȻʧȥһȥĻᡣ
ƳһЦĳأһЦлл⣬Ҳϲһء
뵽飬̽ʵߵС˵˾˻Ҳ˰ǣȻͽعϵôãҲˣȻҾѾȥǹһԶٷǧҪܾ
ùɲ֪ôˣãȻĿų˵ˡ⡭
Ұͳһ㽻ʶûУϻ˾ˣôоǼ˫ĸ
ҲҪܾĻδҲе㲻ʶ̧ˡ
һʱ֮価Ȼ֪Ǻá
ʱΧˣףʵ̫˰
˵Żգգ۾ŵһμأԷ͸Է̫ˡ
ǿˣ׶Թɵӡأ˼˵ҪһҲǲܵģĺ°Ҫ֪˿϶ῪĻġ
ҲӦϸһں̫ܵðʧˣЦŵ㿴ң̫ðʧˣⰡ
һ˼ҪҵСҲ֪ﵽʲôطȥˣȻ˰ǺܶΣǻδȥأڸŸﻹо˾ǳȥˡ
Ҳ˶ĺøпб˼
̲סȡ
˼ҲŵôΪε˳߾ͱЩˣ
Գ˶øб
ҹˡ
ɱǿԷ󣬳˻ͳһȦĻ԰
һμôԺӣоޱȡ
ôȽأҵԺǱж죬ڶˮͤôԺӾСͼɽˮˣһԺӵһСǡ
˼ҹ治һ
ĵԵĸпһ䡣
ǺܻԹɫģɻб飬Ź뿪˳ҡ
һ뿪ؾ͹Цɽ̫ˣǰףƤ˵ﶼɿڣֻһ䣬׾ʹӦȥˣʵ̫ˣҾҪȥǼҡ
һҪ湻˻
ɹ𴽽ǣһξ湻ʵ밡Ҳ۰㣬ȥˣ˼ҪȻĥƤҲ׻Ӧô뿪ˡ
ղŸ˸ǵʱǳ˵ģ˶ôãʵǲ˼˵뿪ĺһЩ
صɪ


324

ؾСЦͷһů
Цеһֱģ֮ǰ˵Ҫҵһôһʱ䣬úôڰתһȦˣʱ󲻾þˣҲûСѣĥŶһЩӱȽϺõĲؼңʱ׺Сѡ
֮ǰæҲû˵飬ҪǼãӦһҲ͹ˣڼˣȻϣ϶ĺϺһĶܾãǰͺܿˣԲõܵõҲſࡣ
ضö壬ϳұƥ⣬ֱŹȥջһҲׯ
ƹһ˾ЦӭֻҪڳҵƹ֪Ƿĵı񣬵úúźš
ЦеӭӣСҪʲôֱѾͷ˵һͺãǰϲȥϾǡ
ŹҿЩҲǺܶҪ˵ѡʺϵĲƥԣѡе㲻ˡ
ҾûʲôʺϲųõĲƥһҪѡõġ
ôǺƹܣһĳ
ĵؽ磬ùûϲĲƥ̫ûˣԺ󶼲˼ڹǰˡ
ƹǸģ˳ػе˼УСȥһߺȲһߵţȥõĲϡ
̲סһҪƤġ
ųĺƤ۰ɲЩӲӲĲϰѺš
Źֱȥ˺á
Ѿ˲ˮ
صֻܵžͺãһ۽۽ӦǸڽ֪ζǵģ۽ζɺˣԵ۽
˵øһС۽ι
ĳţ۽ζܺãҲᣬֵıӵζ
ó԰
̲ס͵֮ǰԹ۽ζûôõġ
ֺһЦɪǿ϶óԣǿҸƼģһƭ㡣
ɱصģЦˣѾͷǹ飬ȻȥڽһЩ׻źϲĶʲô㣬ʱЩȽ۽ȥ
ƹʱżλС˽ӡ
СһжźüƥӾǼõġ
ƹЩǵãˣСԿϲʲô
ҲҪʲôʵǲųĺӣֲƥȽϺá
εĿƹϣƹܸϽ𰸡
ƹ̵֡ʣʵųĺò˶ٲƥͲˣٴһԻģⲼ̫̫΢һͲʺˡ
ǰƥȷؼƤ
ɣоͦʵġ
ǰĲ⣬ĥһ£ƥ͹ˡ
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ƥҪ򣬿϶óƷѣȻѾϤ˳ص뷨
ȳضƹǮɾ͵ҪǮҾͲȥҼˡ
ƲһίͰ͵Źɡ
һ㶫ĸɡϲأԺкŮӣĵܵð
Ϊܵ͵ʲôôһҲֺðɡ
ǺԭˣҲܳؿͰ͵ӣֱƹ񣺡ƥǮɱŪҰҪǼǮ˵ĸԤĲһҾȥˡ
ƹʱоΪˣؿͰ͵ٿɼ̬ȣ̾ϢһƥǮԹ󣬼ӡ
ӵȷܹҪ֪ǰۻҪ湻ƥ
ɾҲֵġ
ϾֻҪΪ˺Ӻþ͹ˡ
ԥͳǮóһӵӸ㡣
ƹǮкС˰Ѳƥȥջ
һԺ̹ܲÿһζ⣬ûҵ
һ⻰ˣôû㵱أһβƽأһСƨûôණأҪͣԺúܣҪТģҲίˣȻҳ۽˰ɡ
Ҳˣ֪ǺһƬ治Ƿض١
غߺһ⻹࣬ȻͱˣʲôͳʲôǮ㲻֪ÿ¸ӵǮÿ¶ҪʣأЩǮҶţСģҵżҪӣ߸ֺöء
ƽҲԺöȶǸйˣԼӸͻȥȻ


325

ЩǽһĽ滹Ǯ˺ðһµǮǼǰüӶࡣ
ԣҪϺӻǵÿ͵˫ְǵڷ׬ǮС
Ȼܹ˭ֻܹԼ
ַԸƹ񼸾䣬ðѶȥջź֮Źɳ˴ţڽ
ɾðɣֺܿˣҪǻɱ˼ңԸԼĺӳͷ¶档
˺۰أȻһֱóѧϰأûѹֳصԣóԼҪ鰡ҪȻһ˼ҵС㣬ôܲѾ߾ͳġ
뵽ǳұСô
ܺ飬ҲûĳС㣬Ȼ֪顣
ֺǺһЦǰʵԳģֻϧһҪװԹŮҪڵǰ£ǰͲȻ󲻻ؼңǾڵǰҫʱǲ֪ΪңҲ޼ɵ˵Ҳÿͻؼˡ
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ָľݺˡ
ָͿʼƻôˡ
ǲǲ
ȻԴ˼ҵûһøУʲôģûа˼Ҳǹˡ
ȫûңʲô鶼Сģܵǵ㸻治ʲô
ؼʵ˼ûôãͦĽģﶼôʱ㣬ױ𿴺УĵɶˣеǼÿһأ׻ϳҺԺһп֧öȣҪλ֮׻Գͽ⣬˵ͦϲġ
ˣѹֳͷܣҲܵİȷ̫ѹˡ
ͬأóߵܲס
˺ˣǲ˵ЩԺֻҪͬ⣬ʱҼҰҵﶼôϲأͲ춼ȥء
ЦģҲȥǼ氡һû湻һҪȥҪúõˣҪȥץ㣬ҪȥҲҩòãҸ˵ڲҩ˼ġ
Щɶ֪˵ʲôˡ
жȥǼҰ
һ뵽ȻһЩ˵Щô
Źȥ˸ڽ֡
Ϊ۽ļǮˣ۽Ҳ࣬ٲŶӡ
ɲŷһҲǺܴģ۽꣬ȫ۽۽С
ָƽԹóԵļֵ˱Ƚ۽÷ӣȻ󲻵ȶþͰӸˣ¹ŸǮ
صģЦˣͻȻɵ˺ܶ࣬ڳĺ˰ɡ
۽һתһλǳɫԽȹŮվǰ´ͳء
ɱŪеĪϸһŮߣվλһ·СѾߡ
ųһλѾͷߵýѾʲôˣǰˣģڣѾü²ˡ
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ؼڰҲϴ˼ңСǳû뵽ǣôۿЩҲ̣ϾûгףҲû˵ס
ֻҪûл޽ҡ
ôɵڳǰڣҲͰˣôϲһѾͷ
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ճ۽û뵽͸ˣ´һɣԹɵӡɲãƽĸǳϲˣ
غܲϲƿɵ񣬲۾￴ء
ƢϲϲϲǲϲƵıܲܲϲ
ƺһбһ۹ɣŶųصϲһˣѾͷⲻǰǵ˰㵥ƭˣָ˼ҽӽʲôĿġ
üͷô˵ǲеˣ˴֮ʶ
ǱƢĿŵڮʵǹְ
Ƶ˵⻰ʲô˼
ʼ磬ĵûʲô˼ⲻǺ㱻ƭˣذЩ֪֪治֪ĵģ˭֪ʲô˼أǺܺõӣأ˭֪ǲǴʲô˵̣ϾǳڰҲǾصġ


326ִ

ҧŭҪ죿ʲôֵýʲô˲ֵýҳ۾ף㲻˽ʲôӵأ͵ڮٵǴҹ飿
ҲǸµŭˣĳصĺ󱳵ΪСֵϾС֮ĶȾ֮ǶƽϵĻ۵ǡ
غܿͶ˹ɵ˼ҲˣЦ˵ǡ
˵꿴ƲǳҿɲϲŪǷǵŮˣҵѣҸѿɷǵķУ㣬;Բڴ֮ͥ飬ؼҵ棬Ȼͷ¶棬Ķȷ飬٣ûж˳ҵ档
ЩǺԺ˵ģƽһ˳ǿЩѵˣҲְȻߵģǺܺõģ˭֪һλĳС㡣
ȷûдҹӣ㲻ϲɣҲܵô˵Ϊѣ˵ôĻҪûакòãѣҪ˵ĵģ
òУۿڲǱȲóصġ
Ȼ֪˵ǶԵģоܣ뵽ǰ֮Ĺϵðȴֳ
˵ֺܶ𣿡̲ŭ
ʼ磺֪Ҳ԰ΪɽΪҰɽҼҵĿˣҲŴҼף׿佱˺ܶˣȻҪúûŵģ˵ɽ㲻Ҳڴǳҵ棬㣬Ͳˡ
һֱ֪ϲ磬粻ϲưϲҲϲƣŮʵ̫αˣž;Ӧ
ÿһþֶҪ磬Ļˡ
ŮҪǳɩӣԺаӹôǵһƼ޽ҵġ
û뵽㷴һЦΪⱲӷǳҲޡ
ѾΧָָˡ
ôƣŹɾֱ뿪
ôóغ͹ߣʾλѾǰš
𣿡
ô˿أҪǲһӻؼҵʲôط顣
ⱩƢ̲˰üͷһЦˣúúãؼҴСأҲգȻǲߣǾͲˣ˸Ұôͣ
⸽гҵĵִ̣ҶϲصĻ˵֮󣬱С˰Ӱ˳شǮŹɾ
ΧźܶˣЩ֪ǰ̲סĿʼ໥š
ЦеĿƣó۽ȡһ÷ι˹ɳԡ
ȻԼһιЦеؼС磬˰ȥطǼҵСأأҾ͸ҽ۽ԣͱΪŲˣǲǸһ޶ҵﰡ
Ƚĳ棬˵⻰֮ܵ˶Цˣɶ̲סҡͷЦš
С찡ʵһ޶ҵô뵽˱۸ҵСء
Ƶ̺ˣҪǰܿľˡ
˵ʲôĲԡ
ȴƣƽҲͰˣȻ۸ɣǾԲ̵飬ţ׺͸֪ˣҲһ֧ģҲҪƽϵɡ
ˣôҲӦбҪİ۸˾Ҫ۸
ûأΪ֪ôʶؿʼ֪һλĹһҪ
ߣȷϵҵ棬ܳ
ؽŵдͷβ˼ǵð֤龿˭˭иףԸҳ֤ľµȻ˵乫ؼСô۸ҽģǿҽģڿ೰ЦôˣҽǺأƾʲôҪЩۺĻ
֪ζСģ⼸λղΧ۽û뿪Ĺ˿ͣüͷʾԸ֤
ƻˡ
λѾҲƵСô죿
ֻǼ򵥵Ҫһڶû뵽ڳǰĵλôߣϧҲҪȫ˹ɡ
ΪҲҪɳһڶˡ
˵飬ôͳҲʶô갡ΪγػԴ
Ĳǰ֡
鲻ִΪΧŵԽԽࡣ
ʼִҺͽ㱾ƽϵģҪȴǣȻ㲻ߣôҲߺˣǲ˵£ҳغ۸


327ִ

ĵ׻е㽹ģǳ۽ԣȴô鷳
֪ô鷳ͲӦóˡ
ſ϶ûô鷳ˡ
ؼƲ˵Ҳ˵ˣĵţ֪Сȥ֪ͨؼҷˡ
طǺкøеģ֪ӣҲֻܶ벻ΪûŴط˵ŵ㣬طôãֻ˵ͳˡ
ȴ˼Լһմմϲģ
һĵ׷Ȼ
ΧŵԽԽ֪࣬ζǵƹǵ˳һ۳֮󣬱СС㿴ǵӰ⡣
ǽһλѾųزҪ߰ˣ˭֪ôڣֱӰš
ĺð˭ס˭ֲҵſڡ
ƹҳذͰ͵Ŀء
ظƹʹһɫƽƹ񰡣Ҳ뵲ҵſڵģСˣСƢߣܵӰʵǱǸ𼱣ȵطط˻㲹ġ
ɶΪˣؼҸ֪ζǲ
Ҫؼҵڵϼ̤
̫֡
ֺǺǵЦ˭ְŷŵкܶ˶ˣְ˽ҽʲôӵô۵ģڮҽ氡׸ڮ˰
˵ţطˣҲˡ
ؼҺͳϵܺãȻûгΪףλ֮ĹϵǼõġ
λСڴìܣֵòɿʶԡ
ط侲ģ·ϾϸˣȻֵӣԲûµˣȻ˵ʲôŭ˳ء
һȺֱӳƺƸϽصǸ
ƶʱίˣû۸ôΪʲôһǸƾʲô
ŽŲûұ۸ˡ
ط˰һƺһ㲻ȥ۸˾ллˡ
˵ߵǰغ͹Ѿվ
ʵط˵̬ȳеĻѾûˡ
Ͼط֪ģƽʱҲܺá϶ҪطӰ
ؾбҪһ£ǰѷ鶼˵һ顣
طԽԽɵǸСʵڻᱧǸСŮˡ
ɸϽ˼ط˱ǸʵҲвԵĵط
û뵽ط
ҵǸҲ̫Ͽһ㣬Ҳûб˼ĵǸ˺ѵð
ط̾ϢһЩ˼Ʊҳ軵ˣƢܲһĲԡ
һԵѾúۿʲôûôһΪʲôָ
Ϊʲôôάɺͳء
ʶģҲǸдҹӡ
һԵ·˿ȥ˵¾ͲǳСĲԣ˼Ҿ۽ѣС˵ĻҲָɣӵ񡣡
ɲǣС㶼ƽ˻ţ˼أš

طЩŭĳƵǶǲǣȥҳһٱ顣
Ƶɫ԰ףȻ֪һٱζʲôζδ¶ڼؽղ࣬ʹһжǳصĹǳҲᷢЩ¡
ʱҲˣ·ѾС˰ѷ˵һ飬֪ڳҲͰġ
ɲܻԼӡ
һȺѵųأظϽ㲮ĸǸôС黹ô㻹²ˡ
ط˺ͳһЦ˵ͷ
֮ǺĬģƽҲǺѣҲΪ˹ϵˡ
ղԸĸغ͹ɵǸصҲһӵԺڮ˾Ͷˣ㲻˽ɽûȨ˵Ļʲôӵұ˽⣬ԲڮʲôԸ˵ǧҪڮɽ㡣
ط˺ͳѾߵһԡ
ûΪף˴֮ˣǺ໥ûԵֲ֣˭
˰ѹɵŸط˵һ飬ҲΣ֪ģҼûСϲɵúܣֹһαϲɾǲԸСһ𣬶ɸŮ˲һҪΪ˭ǮƾͰͽ˭ģҪʲôԼȡѰŮӲһ
Թֱ۵ĸܣŮͣЩһҪʸȨƵ˺úܶࡣ


328һ

طúܾȣ˺ٿ佱˵ġ
ôԵȥ޹ɣ϶ǶԹкøС
ɻʵѵ롭
ȴ̾Ϣһҵ룬Ҳ֪ȲҪȢӣϧ鲻ģҲҪǸȢһϲĹֻⱲӶˣҲգһжԵҿˣѾͷϣ˵˾ͳء
Ȼһֱܻͳ֮£ȴϲء
˶ӴӴڹǰ˵û˵ͳˡ
ȻĵС˼
ط˵ͷ˵ĺеҿųĺӣû飬Ъ˴˵˼Ѿͷİ˵ѵĿû˼ô
׵Ŀװ׵ģϧԣԹס
ɲ֪ط˺ͳֹ
ƲǸ֮
ͳС˰ӰȥΧ۵Ҳɢˡ
ط˺ͳ໥û˵ٻҲͷֿˡ
أֱӸ˳һֹۣˣһˡ
Գʵû취ˣѾͷԽԽ޷ˡ
ͷίֲֵģɽòײһʱй䣬ƾ͸Ϊѣûʲô£治ǹǵģǲ֪˵Щжˣƾʲôô˵ɽ㰡
治˵
ͦھεģϾΪͷһ͵ǸյܱǸΪزŸСġ
ðɣط˺ͳ˵Ĺϵôãôһ֮ϵ϶ˡ
Ҳ»Ӱλ˵Ĺϵܾˡ
º͵ĿŹɣǴȰ
ôúܶԣûػҲûҲƵϲСͺϲһֱҪ޸ֻϧûǸ˼еԹ޶йǲԵģ鲮ĸ֪ίˡ
治ֹɣϾʲôûҲʲôû˵
Ҳһ԰οԼһ鷳ûϵģҲŲҪί
ижÿһγضվ߱
ߵһСͣ¡
Ц֪˻뵽һ䣬һǼǵĸ
ɸϽͷʵ̫˰
Цźͳ˿뿪һ
ؿڵһΪ׻أǿˣĺϲ㣬ĺϲϲ
Ҳ˶ĺøˣǴ
ǼҲû˼û𱸳ص˼˻ŵĸоĺܺá
ǲ󣬼ϳһֱܹעɺͳصϢ֪ܿƵ顣
΢΢üƵĺøаȫޡ
һֱ֪ϲҲһֱȰ˵ƲҪ룬֮ǲܵģһֱҲͰˣĿŵΪѹ˭ĵӡ
С˹ؾذ龭˵꣬վһԺš
ССʲôط
С̵ӣС˵ҪСһЩΣС̫ؾˡ
һͬУȷؾһЩ߰ɺܾûʲôˣȥûʲôġ
̵ĴСߡ
һλı˵ˣΪ˵ŮӾӦмԼΣ̫ؾ̨档
Ժ󻹵ó̸ʲôģܴ̫ܲˣ˼һῴġ
˼ȥЩΣҲӦԡ
ãӵʱá
˿̹ɺͳںһƷ裬һѡӡ
һ֧ʽ㿴Ӻء
ɽӹȥʯ⻬ͨ͸ҲܾµȷܺÿǺܺÿǮӦúܹɡ
ʯ֪ܹ󣬼ֻµüӣȻǮˣҪԼһ㡣
ذùȥߵİ˷֮УƵ͵ܺÿʵ̫ˣɣҪûǾˡ
ɻЩ᲻ãҪҪǼӵĻò㰡
ǻǿİɣҾǺÿҼкӣʱⶫ϶ˤǽ֮ıȽϺãƽ﷢ϲ黨͹˴ûôġ


329½軨׷

ȷҪ̫ÿƽʱũҲװͷϵͷŷŵ̫صĵ˶ۡ
ǿˣĺϲ͵͵İУǾȵһ߾͵͵¡
С˵Ĵ½ӣƼغ͹ѡ
ǰûѡϲģ
ؼ˻ϲܹȥųֱѡ˺ü֧ӣҲҪ򡣡
˵Żգգ۾Źѡյֹ˼䡣
̸˳һ͵
ѡ֧ϻԼһһһ֧ļǮǺܹĥŸԼΣʹһ㣬ƽҶôá
ĵһ֧͵أ׬Ǯ໹õģģҲǱƽչ˺۰ɡ
ƹŹѡļ֧Щ⣬ΪǳشģӦòֹ֧ɣһҪôʲô
ȻɻûбʲôȨġ
ƹ⼸֧úӵһǮһ㡣
룬ǵĶӦñϹ⼸֧ŵû˾ӰɣҲֵˡ
رıĴȥѡôܾȣȥô
˵Լģȴˡ
֪ô˵ˣʵ̫á
ЦŽ͵չмӣתһǮҪһµģиţԼĸҲҪԼһ֧Ȼѡ黨ͺˡ
ϾǴ˼ҵС㣬ûôĽ
Ʋ죺ǽԼûٶ˵úøԼģԼأȴûʲô
ƹ֧Ǯ
ƹϽֻȥǡ
ǳҵ̣йöҪǮĵ
ָָѡκܰ˰ɣղˣҸ縶ӡ
ƹûм֣Ȼض˵ˣôǡ
̿ʼ
СһǰǮ
һϽóǮǮ
СһʮǮ
СһӣǮ
ֺǺǵóӸƹ֪ɲˣҲûŹɸǮ¡
ȵ꣬˵˼仰ʹæ뿪кܶҪû̫ʱؿǱ֤ģһ͸ɣ㹻ˡ
ɻΪֻǹӲģҲûж롣
ǳأƹֹ˼䣬ƹȥװæµ
һߵţһߺȲ衣
۾һתʵ㣬᲻ܾ
ɲ֪˵ʲô˼ɻĿųأʲô
ðɣǮСѹܴ
ϲռ˱˵ˣͶоѹܴ
ЦеСﰡ˹ϵѾõú˰ɣҵǲǣҾţҪܾҿ϶ĵġ
ùɸǺͿϾûע⿴ҪʲôǿˣҲˡ
ؼƹǰһǰװĺӽӹ˹ɵĻУҪǾܾҾͿ޸㿴
ͻȻֲõԤУôǵ˳صݾ
򿪺һ֮ǰѡӡ
һͺܹģ͸϶Ҫ
æѺӷϣܼľܾⶫҲգģôصĶҲҪ
ؾ֪ɻܾأһжƿС
ĿɵһҪ£ǲĻĵģ밡ӶѾˣѵôϲĶ͵õ⣬ҪйⲻȥҲҶ
شˣŹɲҾܾ˰ɡ
ΰջǲء
زĿľݣּȰ˵㿴ʵûǮģȫҸ绨ŶҾͽ軨׷ˣ㲻ҲҪģѵķ˷ѣ
ðɣðɣɳױ˵ˡ
ӺӸϣ̾ϢһѾͷ˲֪ô죬ҾˣǷһ顣
ô죬ֻ£Ҳˣǳġ
Ҳ˵ǳġ
ͻȻֵֹֹĸо
С˰ʣµĺӶ˽ķϡ


330͵

̵ĹɵĺӶѡǵԼѡļֻӡ
Цеѡһ֧ݸɵҸѡģϽ£浱ǽþͱָԺ׬ǮˣҸصأ㿴Ҳ޸Щ˼ҵĹӸ磬˵Ҿ˸ССġ
˵£뵽˰׼
û˵ʶ׼ô
صɫ˲ˣɵɴ۾Լûˡ
ûм찡ѵ
뵽һϲõĿܣѲɳض԰׼кøС
ǰ׼ǱǿˣԳغøбҪõĻĿԴϰ
ɻϲǲʲôҡ
ɬĲҿɣ԰׼кøţҩü׼Σÿһζ׼ѧϰ
Ҳ֪׼ǹɵ֣ԸӺ档
һȥĻкøС
ֻ飬ϲҲܳϰô
ҡ밡ûе¡
Խ˵Խţҿɡ
ֺǺǵĿأû²Ź֣϶˿ˡ
ʱ˵ƣð׼Ǳ
׼˺ܺõģȻ׹֮ǰ²ġ
ض԰׼кøУȻҲ˽˰׼һУ֪׼֮ľ˵ģ治ְ׼
ԥһµ֪Ǽ飬֪ûϵ
ɺٺһЦģ֪ŮӼƤͻСԵȵȣ׼봳һƬҵܱƲ𡣡
Ҳڸͷһźţ׼ϲģҪܶ
غܴȻҲ˹ɻ˼
ȣԸȵģͻ治黹
ӳɫѾеˣһҲ˲ٵطС˰Ѷȥ˿ջŹɳ˷˷ֿ
ߣزŻصУͱסˡ
һεѶ͸û
üͷһɪ϶˰óа첻ɵôŬɽͲСˣҪ˸˵ô졣
ܣϲɣҪɳΪɩӡ
ҲȢɰⲢȢȢİŬģΪȢԺŬŬȡ
ؼ˵ǲǴùˣ
һԩûдùİҵһֱܼᶨҲ֪˺ܶңնæϵأܳʱһɾѾˣ㰲ģæʱͺˣǱö˵˵ûô˵Ҳ϶ɩӣǱѹͲô˵Ļ˵ˣԼ벻ֲκˡ
뵽Ե޹ʵҹ鷳ͺɲûжϵǨŭʵе㷳ˡ
ϸһ룬һǺһҲ̫ƽ鷳ٵҹ鷳ÿһǳŹȥġ
е㵣Ĺһǲ죬أߵʱȥһͣҾ͵鷳Ҳ֪Ƣ
ԲÿҲ࣬˵ھͼǺϹҪˡ
Ů˵Ŀ³̶ȵľ
ҲϲƵһ㡣
ѹ׶֣Ϊ̫أ˵˾ӡ
Ʋ죬Ҳܲ⣺ǰҲͰˣڻôС˼Ϊ˭ôҲǹˣǸɽ鷳Ȼÿ
صķӦ̬ȺܺãԼάȥ
ɻصջ֮ͰѽĶһ飬ϺͰ׼˿Ҳˣĸ˺ܾûһˣһΰ׼Ҳܶ£ĿľΪϿģ˵Ϻûϲѡ
Ҳضɡ
׼ϻݣһŵĶЩ棺ôôණ
һӣƥʲôĶС
ǰƥӾͲµƥʲôˡ
ⲼƥúʣѡĺܺãҲˣȥҲü
˵Ϳʼ뵽ǰ϶ûôõĴĿ϶Ǳ˵ľѡ
뵽ȴûɸԼʲôԹѾͷôණ᲻øԼһ㣬Ҿ֪㰡ű˲ԼԸһЩ⡣
Ͳµ᲻øԼ򣬹ֵʱͰ׼˶뵽˹ɣѡ˺ʺϵĶ


331

׼ϽĶһԵĳϡ
Ź˹ȥ
ϴһ¶һոµްӵɫؾʺϹɵԸ
ϰް˳ڹϱȻţ⣺ʱҾ;ɫʺ㣬ѾͷľɫҲľĲˣ껹ûѣҾ͸һ
ɰѽӹϸĿţ⣺лл۰Ҳ˶ء
Ů˵ԶģЩиʮ֧Ҳûʲôҵ˸Ļݸϡ
Ȼ׬ٶӣﻹøǷӣҵ渶ʮӣﻹкܶ࿪֧ҲûʲôصĶҲ֪ϲϲ
ʵͦھεģһֱϺͰ״ڰǼң˵Ǽн벻İ⣬ľǰ״һҡ
ҪøжһֱǵϺͰ״ĺá
еˣȴõϡ
ϽӹӴ򿪣ź澫µЦˣЦúҸ̾Ͱó˷֮Уÿô
Цŵͷÿ
׼ҲĿһۣ͵ĵͷɵ۹ãҲʣĺ
ϰѺӷϣǣŹɵֺ˵˵͸ĶõģҲյõ Ѿͷ׬ǮףҲǮЩطԸøﶼ֪ӸˣԺ׬ӣõģŹӡ
ĺܺأⱲԵŮ촹˹ôõһŮ
׼һҲܿģôҰ˵ҴϺӡ
׼Ļϵİۡ
㰡Ͻúѧҽ֮ǰ˵󲮻ˣôû㡣
ܲϲرһΪĹϵ׼ô죬֪˶ٿͷ԰һһֱܺãͷȴԼҵݸˣ黻˭ܿģ
Ǽ䲻ġ
׼΢΢ü뵽׼ҲǺܺãҵģҾҪȥһʱ䣬֪Ϣ
һֱŰء
ڸҵĹϵãʲô̲ǲ֪
ֻ³ɺãôҲúúôһС
ϵͷЩģҪСô࣬˭֪ô㣬ǵԿࡣ
°׼ƲʱЩˡ
ȴȰ˵ֻҪ̬ȼᶨͲ飬Ǳ£ƹҲŵùˣ˵Ƕֻ֪Ҫ粻ɿڣͲлᣬʣµľֻаĽķˡ
ôư׼ڿ׼ӺùˣֺƤˣôôõ飬֮أǲǡ
׼̬ȺܼᶨЩ׶˵ģܰҪôƱ綼ܣ鶼ǰôƱ硣
ϵǣ֤ײõģ˵Ҳҵ˶ǺˣôҲȥҡ
úˣ֮໥ģڰһ̣ͲϰĴˡ
ˣôôء
֮ڿоЩ
һҲ˲ٵĶ
ʱ¥С̳ˡ
ͽ˷УɸǮǮСϲ̵뿪
СİѾ̳ݽǡ
ϼСЩ⣺Ǿ̳ɣʲô
һǶûи״ʲô״ʲôûаɡ
˵һֱŰ״أɵʲôﶼûأҴ͸ɵ̳Ӧ֪򵽵ģһǰ˳Ӱæ̳֪㲻ɵȾƣɵأ㿴ʲôʱЩʱۣ΢һƶҲܺá
ижȴǽԹѾͷɵõϰߡ
׼һĽҪǵƣԺȾƾ͸ˣѵõúܣøֻ͹ʵʳ֮ٲؽ֮ܶУһҪŻȡ֮Խ𣬻һҪԭ򣬾аٻζйʵĸ⻹ʳصζôҲ֪ǵ˶֪ĶأؼǣƵʦ˲õˣƢҲŹ֣һֻΣμҲ̳ơ
û뵽ô棺һܹɣ


332°

Ƶȷܹʱɶû뵽ϾͬǾƣƽȵĲŰǮһ̳ƣһ̳ƹңһ̳͵üӡ
ֻǣ˵ʲôӣĥƤҲֻ˼һ¡
ԣǷ˳һ顣
Ǯǿ϶˵ģЦеûӣֻѣǻûԷɣ¥ҪЩԵģҵôû
˵Ż׼ʹһɫð׼졣
׼˲䶮ˣҲȷǿϵõģǺܹҲˣ¥Щɡ
˹غ¥
ߵ¥ݿھ˹ˡ
˶Щ⣬˾ƻ
ĵϢҲŸ·˯ǾߣҪط˯ˣҲϢ
˵꣬˵ײײľͻӡ
ɿеĵıӰҡҡͷһЦãֺȶˡ
ѵһΰǣ˹ƶ˷ܣһλʱй䡣
ЦЦǻطϢ¥Էɣÿô
ʵʵİƵ˵һ飬ƺһܲǵʲôطȡֵ˰˵ôǸǵġ
Щʱǻ콵
׼Ӱϵ飬ο㿴С㲻ǽѵС㣬ӵǾСĺܻء
˵أĵ׾̾Ϣһ
صǸõģҲϲϧһ治˼ܸʵģԸ⣬ҵļҳҲԸⰡ
ǼǺܺùģأѹʲô㰡
ˡ
һ£СѯҪʲôˡ
ɵһϵš
ܲãӾǻ֮һֱá
ھǺú÷չһأˡ
صǣ˵ϰµ¡
⣬һֱƲֶ׼Ȼ˳ңϳҲûʲô಻ǸģҲ㲻жǰ;
˽Խ࣬Խˣ׼Ǹ˳ңڳô򵥣Ҫǣ׼õ˳ӵãǰѹԸ˵ĺƹ񣬶԰׼ôҲˣҪǻҩĴԸ̰׼ҽĶ̡
ĿŰ׼ƽƣһĸ߶ȡ
Щôܣ
֮ǰҪȥҰ׼֪׼Ͳ
֪׼飬ò׼ˣ׼ȴ˵Ըæ
ǰ׼Ĵ󲮰׼Ȼ̬ȡ
ˮ׼ôľԴء
ò׵ȵ׼ϻ׼ջУͼææĴżˡ
ͲţһδϼˣŮһ˵ף׼ܲɿڡ
Ľɿڣ׼䵭̬ȣ˶ָ׼
˵Ӱ׼ڳҵĵλڱһ֣׼ùͲð׼ù˼
ڵĴһڽ˿ջƹأ۽ǵ⿴ϡ
ô
Ϻð찡ϵİúܡ
ֻҪ΢˵һ㣬ϲȰ˵׼
ֻҪ׼ܰڳԼ䣬Ҳ⡣
ϽżǱߡ
ŴſڵķţûмԼһİЩˣһȺЦе˹΢΢ü
ЩˣܵЩУ룬һЦݡ
Цݿ̫һ㡣
ô˵һء
Ц˵
ڳԶأأͻȻ˰ŵеĿӶˡ
԰ϤģϾһˣһദҲôãԱ֤ǵһôĵ
Ϊ΢һ㣬ڼȽռĵλǰ˵Ĺϵá
̳мҩãʹżԶߡ
׬ǮһΣÿһζһ߸ϵģ
ǶûһˣҪ룬ø齥ˡ
һֱ԰һص̬ȣһΰ׼ǰģܿģ뵽ڹ˼ˡ
û뵽а׼ʵΪư׼
˭ܣ
ϣǰǰҲǸҫ̬
ͻȻҪϸĸ˵̬Ȼһʱ֮䲻ϰߣ˵ûƺô٣˰ôҲͰ
üͷ뿪Ӧе滹ǵС
վ˰ͻϵⲻǺ鷳ô


333

һƣ룬ԸʲôѵôڻװͿҲˡ
Ҫе飬˵汻˸ƭˡ
˭ᡣ
Ц˵֮Ͻ£վˡ
üͷһаϲϵ̬ȣѲϷʹһɫ̰¡
ûڳԷأԣùǡ
˵⻰۾ȴϵĲϡ
ɵǿջȽϺõĲˣѵһΰǣ֮ܲһɣȻǮǵóԺһǡ
ԸҪˣҲļ
ϼװûϵ񣬵ҳԺˣȻһɣҽһЩƣ˵ɡ
ףϵ⡣
ŵС鷳ЩҵȻٳԡ
СʰӣǴ粽һԡ
׼ıƽǿĻ
Ĵ˿ѾעϣҲû˼׼
ȻϣôûҪŰ׼˲ǣں°׼ɿڡ
ԼϹûҲû⣬ȻûǰˣǳԵġ
һЦĵã׼ڻܸɣŰ׼ڳҲ˵ϻģ㿴ҲǴ򣬾Ҫǰ׼ںƹǰ˵ûȥҵҩãǲǿ໥Ӧô
ҵҩ˵ˮܴΪҲ˿۴ǮǮҲȽ϶࣬ǰһĺҩãҲǼͷƤҪȥġ
ȥ˳ҩãʮ£ȥ֮ҲԴ꣬¼ҵʱ򣬹ǮҪߺܶء
һĵЦˣǰ׼ʱʲôطòѹҪ˵ĳ嶯뵽Ҫڿջ֮У뿴Ҫˡ
ЩΪѵĿŰеΪˣѵ粻֪׼֮ȥңΪ׼ĹϵΪҸŮɵĹϵ
֮ǣϹɣΪ֪ܴ顣
Ҳź͹֮Ĭ
Ȼǲŵģ˵״ĸŮһλѾͷء
һûмѾͷôʶء
ЩһЦǿЦɣںɣҿ˵ŮǸѾͷһûмѾͷʲôء
ɫһϲ粻ҲͰˣαڿŮǲŮ£ŮŲ֪ŮӹϵãҴСͬãˣҸŮŸ˳˷г˿ϲҼˡ
̵˵ţʵҲΪɿģҲϣܸһ
ǲŵġ
Ůô
ɵţҪϵпʲô
ϵԺ
ǵȻҼɽ컹СڽϱСΪˣأ˶ˣ󻹰οҼɣҪǲ԰Ǳ߲ƹ͵СأʱС˿ջ㲻ſʰ
Ҫð֪ûõ!ҵɡ
ֻҪһɣƾŹɵʱаÿʱ
ʹһɫվЦЦȥѯƹ͵С
ƹ͵С֪ض໤ŹɵģԸԣҲҪŹɡ
ԣʵʵ˵
ϻʱȷʵ̵ġ
밡ϵĸŮҲôȻôͺ˵ˣһѾͷ˵˵ûһ¾Ͷˡ
ʱ򻹲ùԹԵȥǱ˵û
˰һĵ񣬰ˡ
ã㿴Ҳһ˰ɣܲŮ˵˵ûأֻҪڳ飬һǳлġ
ʼΪ׼ͳϤڿͨĿԻǺܴġ
ûͬ⣬ЦЦҿɵﶼһֻǸ˾ǰҪԼ󰡣ҿɰﲻ㡣
˵Żָָɡ
ߵĹɻǺæģϾð׼Ծ˿ͷ
лأƾʲôôԴ׼ǲأ˻治䡣
䵽ˣٻǿġ
ʱˣղǰ˵˹ɻģʲôѾͷû뵽ɾǰء
֮ǰΪϵѾߡ
ǡ
⵱˵ôЩء
Ǹɰ˵ĻҲǹġ
ôͣԽԽڣֻЦ


334

ɶ԰ûһøС
ΪһҲˣ͸ƣѵһ˲໥֮չôΪʲôҪһòòźá
뷨ʵⲻˡ
˵Щޱȡ
Ϊ˵˰֮󣬹ɲûһ㷴Ӧ
һƽĿָо˺ܻźòá
룬ѵôƲˣ
һԱҪЦֲЦʵǹڵķӦͱý
֮ǰϵܺõģŪ㡣
Ҳ뿴飬һжˣҲû취ˣЩ֮Ͷ԰ʧˡ
ӻвʹˣҲ̫Ŀ˰ɣ˵˰Ȼһ㷴ӦûС
Ǹû
е㲻ʵ
ɿ˻ϣֿһ۰ˣæû취㣬ô˵ɣ˺ܼǳģҸӻгСȷϤһ³ͿȥǼҵҩãΪʲôҪ㣿
ĿŰҪӰһЩĶ
ЦЦеѣ治֪ΪʲôҪƾʲô
һԵĻϷӦȽϿ죬ϽɣҲ֪ǰ׼ݣ׼磬֮Ҳݰ֮໥Ӧõġ
ɵͷһ˵úеӡ
ǰһΪô˵ãϽϵݲǣĸŮҲҵĸŮ󡭡
⻰ɲˣʲôĸŮҵģ
ϺϤôء
λӣ˵⻰ͲˣֻһﰡûһĴ㣬㷽Ҳ˵ˣ֮Ӧ໥һźԼݵˣ˵ôҸ統Ǳ˭ҪģЩֵٸȥģҸһĴ֣Һܼǳ𰡣˭Ҹ磬Ұæôôõĺ£԰ҪæǲܵģⱲ붼롣
Ǻȷľܾû뵽ϲҪ˲ǹһҡ
ɫˣŻһֺõģ˲˵ʲôأѪˣҿûϵôẦԼֶ
һЦôϰǴɲ˵ģߣҸ׶ϰ˵ĻЩҪƱҲܣôҸڹúˣͽˣ
⻰˵úֱף˵һӶûи
ؿһһǵȷû뵽ôӡ
ôأȻ˵Ļ
ϣ˵Щֹô
΢΢һЦ˵ʵ֮ǰҲ˵ˣ˵ʲôҹܲ˵ģңмһֱҪôôģͬһıֶҲ֪Ǽҵ˰׼һͰ׼ǼҰжǼҰ׼ѲҪеĲƲ
˵úƽĿŰ
˺ƤģڹɿͷҪ˵Ļ˵˳˺ƤҲ˳ˡ
һϵֺҲʧȫޡ
ʵǹǣΪǵġ
֪ϲЦЦô˵ǣΪأֻʵǵ˵ˣǾЩʲôҲҺʶӻ幫ӣ˰æֹҸԩѩ
˵ıҲпܣ룬׼Ǳԩˣ϶кԴأһҾͳӮҡ
һֱ⣬ΪʲôҪı׼˼ȥվã˵Ķġ
һжΪӣ״ô껹һҲģ·Ϊӣı˵飬ƺҲǲܡ
û뵽ûס˺Ƥһеġ
ҧ㻹˵ǹΪǣãǻݾͰæȥ˵˵Ҳһ·Ǽ˴ѣҪٲ¾ûԣĿֶֶŮӣ
⣬ҲǱʾ
Цһ㺦ǼҰ׼ʱôֶ
׼һֱû˵˵ĺܲҺʵǲ⡣
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ǰæȻкܲģǲҼ˵ֵĻ
Ҳһ㣬ǸʱһʱͿϰ˵ģ˵԰׼ãһȥ˻ʳ֮ͻӰ׼һȥ֪ȥ˻ʳ֮˺ƭˣòײһСƽص˰ǣⲻû취£ʵǼҲˡ


335²Ҫ

˺ܶ࣬һλҲǱƲѵ£߱˰ǴССҩãȻûһԸҪġ
һ֪׼ֵ÷зģ˶֪Ӻֶ
ԣûҩϰԸ£ϾֶܺǸӦ֣
ۿԽԽ׼ȴֱϣʵ̫
ۣ״һҺͺģһСӣǶôķ⣬ô뿪СǣһֱƲ״ϼ̳ҵһֱƲĵܵԽԽùˡ
ӹԽԽ
ϲûǰ˱£ԭ£ıԭ²ˡ
ʵǰﲻ㰡˵ˣֻɴӦֻҪӦôͳˣԸæһжǰ״
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֮˵úףǾǾԲˣҲҪˣҲҰ˽ܸҡ
Ķ˰أ˱˼
ɰ㿴ǺôҲݰɣ˵˵ʲô⣬Ȼ㲻ƼңܴܲһⰡ
ĥţɼȻôϤҲǺܴģղƲѾͷͻˡ
Ѿɹɺͳ֮ĹϵܹʶʶС㣬Ҳ˵ɵӦǺܴġ
Ҳûϵ׬ǮͶˡ
һЦʵû뵽ܼƤôˣЦЦô㣿СⰡ׬˼ǮģҼﻹһݵҴ׬Ǯأ¹ܱ˰
ݡðƤĺܺ񣬵ı׼ڻ˼Ѱ
Ƥĳ̶Ѿ̾Ϊֹˡ
⣬Ÿˣ⣬Ǹ˼ĺˣ˵Ӧÿԣҩֵɣڡ
ɫѿεЦϿٵúܡ
ʱ͵͵šһİʣʵһɫ
ʱҪңСʱ˾һˣ˴˼仹֡
ôֵܶûһú˵ҪǰƲ׼
ð׼ûϢչˣܵİѰ׼ˣ
ˮתû뵽Ҫ׼
ĵײڵ̾Ϣһرڵ˰׼
ɺ϶û˵뿴ʾҪʲô
εİһ˰׼ԱߵѵܿݵϰһǼô
Ҳ׼²׼ͽˣﶼţҪҲһСô˺簡
Ҳܵǻǰ˰׼ġ
ǲѰ׼Ҳôǡ
׼ǣջڳ˵׻Ϊԭ򣬾ûа׼˰׼Ҳȫڵİ׼
׼ƽĿŰʣ
ɫõѵͲһֵ壬ҵǲԣǺֵܰͿǺֵܵķϣһǡ
׼һЦ˵ʲôҶﲻǼˣҰҲûãߵҲ
֮кܿܰһˡ
ڿҲǸǷǲֵģƣŰ֪ġ
أ
ʲûа
ֵ壬ɵȴûпʲôر˼
뵽ľȻˣȻֳ˽㣬ϵԶزǰˡ
ֻǿ˹Ҫһеˡ
ʼ׼ɿڣ¶Ҳý˼УǵѪ黹ȲһҰѾͷ
׼ɫһ䣬˵ʲôԣ˵ҰѾͷð
Ҳ˼˵Ѫ飬ǸѪˣ֣ңҪɣڻ֮У˭Һã˭ĶңҺ
˵ϣҲǳ׵˺Ƥ
һ俴š
һʼڣǿˣһʵһˣͼ͸ֺãͼͱ



336

ɫܲû뵽׼Ϸô졣
ҿɵҲǻģҪ
ҪǼҲùɻת£ҲίԼװ˵ģȻæǻʲô˵ġ
е뷨ͻ뵽һ飬Ƿޣںܶʱ뷨һġ
ͻ϶һۣʱ뷨
ƺһܲĿŰ׼ô˵ڶ󲮣һε˵һֱֹңҲûʲô˵ģҸ˵Ҷ˵ˣҲˣΪײϵˣɡ
жһر˵֮󣬸üͷǳ
ЦһôһñӿͷϣǲˣαذеĹ˦ͷǿûжĹϵ㲻ư׼ȥ˻ʳǻ첻֮ųҲǵһϯ֮ء
Ʒ۴ñͷϣе鶼ﵽͷϣƾʲô
˭Ҳ㱻ԩĲǣҪǰˣõֺô
վݺ׼е۵㣬ǧû㵽׼͵ϰ̸ûΪݺ׼еھΣΪ߻©ϧ
վޣôҲݣǾȻһ㲻飬Ҳգǿǣ۰Ͱ͵ǣǸǵĹ
һЦĿŰͻϱݣ˵ķӦ̫˾úЦˡ
Ƥ˵Ĵž˰ɡ
ҲСʱˣû뵽Ȼһ鶼ˣһҪҲҪˣǼôңȻһ㲻æ׼Ĺԡ
Ǻģǰİ׼ûģǵʱʲôʲô棬ڰ˳֮ȴĻǳ𣬲һôʲô˵ģʲô¶ûƾʲôôİ벻ˣ׼Ϊ
̲סһ˻Ⱑѵ˰׼ָŰ׼ķֺòɣ
Ҫǣ˵һûһھε˼Թ׼ƽϰɰ׼СôҪǵʱ̬ǿӲ׼³Ҳ֪
ԹͻȻƣʵɫ΢䣬㰮æͰһԿЦ˼ô
ʼ磬ЦȻ˼Ҿǿһҵž˼ģ޳˵ľǰɣһ˵ĻͿˣҲԹ˭ˣҲ˵׼ʲôʲôģڹ֪ʲôطҲûҰ׼ˣҾĥţǵе㲻ҪڿԹ׼
ʵܲˣվһƺݺݵϡžһڿջ֮лص
ʱƹС˵ע⣬˶ĿŰֻҪ飬ǵǰֹϾɿǳӵѡ
ϵЦݸƢͦ󰡣ô˵ʹˣ߰ɣʵǲ˵̫໰ǲǵģڲԺҲУ׼ԺķչܺúܺãҪĽʣʱ䳤أϣܼס׼ԽԽá
һҴȥˣܾٴȥҪŭ̲סԹɶֵġ
ϱһǰڱǰţƽȻѹ۸
һѾͷȻҲվͷ۸ϣǰǰǴ󻰶˵ġ
ָŹɣһȻģ֪Ϊʲôˣǰ׼ϲģ㣬һǲǣ϶䣬֮ĹϵŻôġ
ϺᷳȫǶ԰׼飬һϵûȫòŰһйɣǼԺòöǣǶӣ׼鷳Ǽҡ
˵ŴǮ˶ӳ˻ϵǰ
״ûʲôˣϧһңǰ㻨ҲЦеţΪֽ
֪ͻûġ
һ˽ᡣ
ֻ֮Ҳ߶ˡ
ϵӣоҧһҪʩᡣ
Ϻƽֻҵĸлһ¹һ£׼ǵͷǼҳ˷ҲҪӵģЩ͵Ĳɣмһֱ벻ףΪҪư׼
Ȼ˵ԭ
ټֻŻϵߡ
߰ϵĶҲ˳ˣȴһĬϵģ
ɼһ棬֮Աǡ


337ҥ

ͻ뿪ʱ컹ûڣڰ뿪֮ƹӹ̨߳һĵǡ
ڰУƷҲڸƹջϰ֮ǰҩҲǺԶ֪ܶ顣
ˣߵɼǰҡҡͷǰҲǣڰźˣо仰Ҿ˵ȽϺãСѷǰȥңҪڳҩ£ƹûҪȥϰҩãС˵ģҲֻ档
ǲ˵Щģŷ鶼УϹɺͳԼعϵôãúбҪһ£ó˴顣
ɺһһۣӱ˴˵п𺳡
еɻʵ֮ǰȥҵҩã
ЩΪ˾Ȼһ㶼֪ǰҲδò˵غ뵽һ㣬ҲóƹǰҪȴǸƹ飬Ҳ᲻ˡ
ò˵Ǳģһʼƹ֪һЩģԲҪ
ڣ
ȻҪ׼ƹ飬Ҫͨһϵҩã˼ֱϲⰡ
΢΢ü԰עƹ񷽲һ仰ƹ˵СѷѵʲôɵĺУ
ƹ̾һԥҪҪ˵
ϿƹĹǣϽοֻ˵ǲ˵ȥ˵ģҲñ֪
֪ƹ񻹵ڰأ˵СѷǡðСˣʵǲƹΪѡ
ǡƹǣ°֪Щ˵ģ
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һˣôǺá
׼ο
ײҪǣ˵˵Ҳ˵֮ǲ̡
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ҲοģֻҪ˵Ҳд³ǲˣҪ˸һԣʵǲǡ
˽׼Ϊˣİ׼Ӧ
ȥҲˣش󣬰׼
֮˵Ҳǳصģ֮ôҲûԲ顣
ǰ˰׼֮󣬽ջ˶ġ
ƹѵĻѾˣ淢Ҳûʲôϵˡ
ȵƹ뿪õСѷһ¶Żûôء
ϳζĲȣܾûʲôθڣеӦˡ
ѿӷ£΢΢ҡͷû뵽ֳɽ
ΪͰ֮ڣֻ档
Ȱϳ˷׼¥
е㲻ģСֵȥһ˳ңһ³С㣬˵ղߣ°æ
˵СǮǮŷĵ¥
뿪ջ֮
һջ
һԵĻɫҲãе㵣ǵǸô죬׼Ը㣬ƹǱ߾ͲҪ㣬ǼҲûˣȥһ˶Ҫˡ
ʵĻ֮󣬺ֻ֪ûԣҲ֪׬Ǯң㿴ҲʮˣϱҲȢˣҲˣѵû׬Ǯңÿ㣬㿴˼Ұ׼һֱ׬Ǯ׼ǿˣôھ͡
Խ˵Խһǰİ׼ƲأչöˣǴȻ֪׼Ժжõǰֻ̣ҪҼ׼ֻԺ׼ȥǷչ
˵һܳΪҽҽǹҫ鰡
ٿʣһֻ֪Ժ֣Ǯ˾ͻҪδҺڡ
¼ѹҲûҪ׬Ǯ
ûԱȾû˺ǰðʶҲ񿴵ȱ㡣
ʱﲻˬӼǺ׼
ʲǿ뵽ϸղŵţǰǰʲô˵ȫ֮ԽԽڡ
ҧͻʮǮǺڳſ˵һ飬ȫҪǵ֣ҪǳԶ
ǽƽôˣǼǺôˡ
ƾʲôǰƲŮˣȻ⡣
˶мĵģδιԼļʣǼϣԹôˡ
ǰһǸð취


338˵

оҲĵطڻϵĻΪһȴš
ǲܰѰ׼ô˵鰡
˵Ϳˡ
ʱһٸ˵˵һȥһЩ£סˡ
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Ƶˡ
Թް׼Ͳð׼Զ
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а룬˰׼ϻȥҵҩ£ȫ붼Ҫ밡
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˵ɺͰ׼ųңֱ
ȺҲ֪龭ģЦǰİɣҿǿ󰸵ģͲ˵ǻ£ǰư׼ȣȴߵǷǺڰɣǰ׼˵ʮĶˣҲ˵ǰ֮ǰЩȱ£ǳ˾һ֪ɣ۾˵Ϲı»
ɲǣϰڻڴйѺء
ŵȫܲˣȺѾ˽˹ٲٲȺָž͵ɢҥԣٲΪҪ״ˡ
ȻûЩΪҵѾ֪Լʲôġ
ô˵ǰ˵ҵĻͲ̡ˣԺǶΪҺ۸ˡ
ߡ
ΪʲôŹɺͰ׼
ô˵׼Ҳǳҵ˰
òͷѺš
ŵ¾ͻˣ˵飬ôˡ
ϰʿظ֤µġ
ٲǲŪˣҪץҰҾ˵齲¡
ٲҲǳصģҲ˵飬׼ͰҺ͹ʲôĶҪ΢һ»ûʲôֱָյ˵Ϊɢҥ԰˵¾Һ͹Щͬô
ûͬĵ˵ʲô
Χ۵Ҳ˽ץߣɢҥʵǿɶΪ˽˼׵̫ɶˡ
žȡıˡ
󰸶Ըģʱſһ㶼վܶˡ
Űѷ߳ء
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ջС
˫Ѿ˾ƣڳ緹
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ظϽѯ
һѷ鶼˵ˣҲ˵Ϲ


339¶

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ˣ̣Բ̡
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ŻһҲܸһ
ҲȰ˹ɼ䡣
һ˳˷֮ߡ
û뵽ûߵž˵Űһжˣһʲ֪űץ֮ͺµúܣе鶼ȫгȥԺһλǹڷд˶ö˵һģȫûһûߵſھͰ˵ˡ
һſЦá
ǡλٲ߹߹ǲȥˡ
ΪŰһжйˣҲܲš
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ŭ֮Ǻ£ڻʳ˲ǵˣܲ˳ò׻ص˰ǣûôأֵ˳ң˵ùٲץŵ˾ǳҴСߵѾߡ
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ҲķرԹĻ֮Ƿŭѣǹ㣬ʱ˵ģô죿Ͻʰǳȥһ㣬ǲܴˣȥ£ߵԽԶԽãһʱ䣬֮ĵĻذǺˡ
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ԥˣһѵ⣬һǷһǹʵǲ֪Ϊ˭˵
׼ôԾȣȴȫˡ
Ϊۣȴû뵽ȥ֮ʲô˵ˡ
ŵûĹϵ
ֵùɶһ죬ϣϿġ
Ժû뿪ٲȥʱҤĶϰѰץˡ
ڼҲ벻취뵽ϡ
һ˾ͲȥģҵѾҲңҲǵġ
Ψһľó׷Ρ
Ȼе㶪ҲùʰӰ
ջС
û뵽ˣһƷǰ֪һġ
԰ûʲôøУر֮ѹͲ
ˣôܾ
ε϶棬ϵǹɺͳأ˵ıҲЩࡣ
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ϹһãȻҲ˵ʲôٵǳˣûʲôϵҪȥҡ
һЦһĵĵҵţô˵ڮǳң浱ǳǺ۸ģʲô˶վǳͷʺ
⻰˵úܴףȷǳҪ˼ͰˣҲŷӵıң˵Žô˵飡ĺܴ󰡡
ɫֱ䣬صҲ


340¶

صƢڰǳģֱֱˬҲ˵ǻôҵĻ˵ǳƶ
ҵأ˵źûǸС˲С˹ɣҶŰһ㣬ûк˵˼
û˵˼
⻰һЦ
û˵˼ڳſڽһ˵ź˵˵ߵǷǺڰףҲҺõ׼ֵе󣬰кܶ˶ָ֪׼ԩʲôء
񣬰˼˵û˵˼
ⶼк˵˼ʲôУ
Ҳ˼ǰʵ˼ѾٸǾͲԣǳˣ˵Ļ¶óеΣ߰ɣʸܵĳͷá
ò԰ص̬ȺܼǾûϣˡ
̾һǷϵĹСŹҺɡ
ض԰Ĺ޶ԣվһҶǰԼҪµģɸûϵʱ˵Ű¹򣬻У˵ɵ˵ʲôҷŹ㺢ʱץ߸ûĹϵҲݺҪȥٸ
ûʲôƢˣô¹žҪ
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ݸ鿴δ
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341ϲ

ǿŹﳤҲ֤˹ɵĳɳһС˽ܹһŮˡ
ֻϧԺܼĻԽԽ١
еۣȱһ顣
ԶɬοӲǻûôСҲû䣬һжпܵġ
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ڵʲôڹǰ¥ʱܵ˵仰ˣǿƵף˵ʲô˵ʱֱ̬ͦȱҲҪȫ
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ЩԶܵġ
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˭֪ɽһɣǰѵһľŰȻſɽ¸ǿɽǮˣŵļҲմ˹⡣
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342³ﱸ

Цеģĺá
һֱûʱôҲۺæ֮ǰҲûǮòײŰǷǼҵǮ񰡣ҲͶӵĽ࣬ϯҲǮǱߵҲ˼Ǯȵͳװɡ
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˵ϲ̵ģΪȽϲһֱȢϱйһֱ
ӣҲã˵Ҫ޽ӵ£Ҿţȵ󴺻Ʋἱȥҩãʱ£ǮҲٵģȡ֮ǰѷ޽ãʱҲܴ治ٵӡ
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ǲڵķӣϾⷿǰֻţĽģҹ̫̫ε鷳Ϊ÷ӣҲ˺ܶ鷳¡
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Ǽסڴͷҵλöܿڵ˼Ǵң봺Ҳһأؿ޽⻹һ㣬ңǼҵԺҪܴԺ󻹵ɹҩݣܰѼȫԺ棬;棬ɹҩݷҲõǱʹ
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ϺۣرϻҪש飬ԵϾͲש˰ɣá
ҡҡͷãʱŢúܣףЩǲýԼģשͷ̺õĵԹܺܶأЩʡߣǼҲȱǮòġ


343שͷ

ôĹɺף˵׻ǵ׬ӻˡ
Ҫǰɿ϶ͬ뷨ӷв̤ʵġ
һ˳֮ŷ֣ӹʡûõģҪĻǶ׬Ǯ죬ãˣﲢȱǮȱǮӻԽԽࡣ
ʱ͸ʡǮˡ
ҲЩòʡǮ˵ĶԣЩ治ýԼӣ޺ҪסһӵģЩҪŪã밡ԺҪɹҩݣܲһŢ·ɣػصİҲŪ˰ǸʡǮʱʡǮûʱҪ¸ҵĻȥ
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ɵһƵĺš
һԵҪשͷƬҲط֪ûʲôطƼġ
ʮ絹кüשģֻЩ˽ⰡǼұȽϺãǼҵļǮǰûһĨڣʲô֪
ҲӻҪשͷȽ϶࣬ƻ޽ݾż䣬Ͳ㣬оԺӵĵƻשҪשͷرˣٻû㡣
״ţǾù뷨ܺá
שͷܺãƽֱ̣Ӳ̾ͺãȻҪשͷ࣬Ժӹܸʮȫû⡣
ԼҵԺӣȻôô͵ʲôǧ
ϾӺԼ
Ҳͬ޷Ǵ£ȫϵһ˽
뷨ҲǲשͷڵϣʵʯשͷģǰںԶĴӿ˼ʯשͷ̵أֻϧûкʵĴʯͷҲûмôտʯ
ֻܶ໨ש
״ɺ͹ЦŵѾѡˣһשҤҼǰ޽ҲשͷƬǮҲܺʣƬһǮ飬שͷҪһ㣬Ǯ飬ļǮ̸̸ϾĶ࣬Ǯ϶Żݡ
שͷƬļǮܽܣڼĻһЩשͷĻܽۡ
״˾ƺ󣬹͹ɾȥ˰״˵שҤ
שҤϲǺԶҲŻ˲һӡ
ԶԶľͿשҤλһƬɽУŨ𣬵߽󣬼һֵľ
שҤкܶģשͷƬ
שҤ˵ע⣬һλ£ú꺺˹
´һɺ͹ͻȻЦǿɽİɡ


344ש

ӱשҤϰ壬塣
֮ǰ״ʱ˵˹ɺ͹¡
ʮģ΢һ֪ԿŮʱͲµˡ
ɺ͹Ц塣
źǰǰ״שߵģ֪ϰܲܽһ˵
ܺܶ˶أｲʼվе㲻ڡ
ʱдܣϽɺ͹ݡ
שҤԱ߻һСԺԺӵǺܰ
ƺСԺΪк˵ģΨһŵһӺӡ
£Ů˲裬Ȼ֪Ҫשߡ
שҤ⻹㲻Ǹõġ
ΪӱȽϽݷݣ޽ݣשͷ
ɺ͹ڼһ£ջûҪ١
ΪҪĲСĿ
ҡͷʵʵ˵Ҫשʵ̫࣬Ҳ֪Ҫ٣ϰôܹ꣬һܺõĽ顣
ԺӵשͲСĿ޽ҪĹƻҪࡣ
ǰֻ״˵һҪ޽ݣ֪Ҫ޽ķݡ
ȻҲûס
ѯ֪Ҫ޽ӡ
ҲӣżͲ񷿣ԺǼҵĹе󣬶ԺӵĵȫҪשͷҪ˶û
Ҫ޽һӻһҪ٣иԱȣڸͶԱȲ˰
ûϵȻҪôש飬ֱӱˡ
żҪשͷˣϻשҪǣԺӻܴ
ʿˮһʵǵķΧһȦ޽ֱӾżſ
ǾżſˣԺӵöųɣҪשͷȫ㲻
վһȦ֮Ҫʺֽ
Ժӿ϶ܾżһſ̫ʵǼסڴͷҲûôظ޽ݡ
ƻҸӣΧһ״
һߵӿΪͲ񷿣滹޽éޣôһ㣬ұߵӣҲ߼ӣҲˡ
߼ôԺӣ㹻ɹҩˡ
ö궼ûôˣ˲ðשͷƬû취㣬ҪﶼС
һˣ͹שҤˡ
ĵĻǼǮѯҾ֪Ǯܱܲһ㡣
ôǮ϶ñ˲ųɡ
Ϊѣ˵ôӦñһ㣬֮ǰ״ļǮǺܱ˵ˡ
ǲһЩŻݣⵥֻҲɲˡ
˼ȥյǰשҤשͷˣ͵ĻҪǮשͷƬļǮʵǲˣҲܻ˹أô࣬ҲһЩŻݸǣҲе㲻ԣԸĻҸòשͷƬ͵ӾͲҪǳˡ
ɺ͹һۣ֮ǰû͵⣬ĻǸѡ
ѯʵŹɣȴɵ˵ͷ
ԹҲˣ̧ͷȻϰ嶼˵ˣҲͬ⣬ҪשҲˣʱ;ͽϰ壬ǰҪǮѺ𡣡
Ǵ⣬ҲשҤӾԶһ΢ҲֻأֻҪ͵ˣҲ˸⡣
룺ӰɣһڸȺܺãҲŰ״ܵˣöשߣʣµӵȵǷ޽һ㡣
ɺ·޽ǮשߣǼҪԲֹӣʮӹƶ
ȴһңο
ɺˬĸӣЦŵվͿשͷ
שͷľЩҲǺ⣬ʱһһ׼ġ
彻꣬ɺ͹뿪שҤ
˼׼ȥЩƺͳʳȥһ·ϸĥһô޽ݡ
ȻصѾʱ֣ߵʱǺúõķӣѾ׵ıˣԺǽҲˡ
˫»ļݻϵéݡ
ɺٶȵİӵĸֶ˳Ҳʲô¡
һֽľ̿˳ô޽ӵĿöЩòġ
һҲڴͷĿյϴʱӣڷ޺֮ǰҪס
϶кӣйɶ޽ݻӰ죬ȥҴסһʱģôҲԸȥֻա


345½

޽ǺܷģܶණҪΪȥָӡ
ÿʹһ
ҵһȽɵĻǵÿһ˶שͷ
Ǽ๤˵Ǽ๤ʵȴ油лߡ
˫Ǻ͹һȥɽϾľͷ
Ӻ֣Ҳûз˭˭ҵģ˭Ҫľͷȥ濳˫⼸ȥľͷ
ΪɽޣѡľҲǺнģѡӱȽϽһ֡
ҪڹʱסϷӣҪȻͶˡ
˵齻𣬼¼ͽ󴺡
ڰ״ôʱ䣬Ҳѧʶֺд֣ɰѴ˻ˡ
ôҲǶīˮˡ
һҲ佱
ڴǰܾ˵׵Щ˼ңǽһڡ
Ͼǰ󴺼и˽ŵĵҲ㸻ԣû˿ϡ
ڲһɽɣ˵ݹϵˣõܶĹգ˭õա
һԴҪ޽ɽ塣
رǿɽڸֲҩݣ꣬ɽܶ˼ҶҪ޽Ӱɡ
˵ҲģһҼһԺҪ̹һңҲûԸɣһ˶ģ˭ȱǮҪҲˡ
Ҫ׵Ǽ˼ң΢ȱһӵģҵǰܾ
ÿ춼ҪҽڴһȦɼ޽·һһשҲʼ
ػ֪ɼҪ޽Ǵӣ뵽ɾȻסӣһӹÿͰ͵ģϸһĥ֮󣬾ȥ˺ܶӣֵַĹӣӶȻùúܡ
һҹԽԽãǼҾͳ˴ҵЦҲű˳Ц
ָо⣬رĸ˶Ը˵ƽﻹܹ̫̫߶
ӿ˵ǹÿ಻ԡ
Ҫǵǹͺˣڲùӡ
ͬǻУϱ˱أԵⶼÿɫ
ԶԶļһ·٣ŤŴ׳˹ȥ
ʲô
ĿŹˮš
΢΢üһϾƲĸо
Ů԰صģž̲סԶһ֡
˶԰ûгָڴ˭ϣ°ܻԼ
شϣƿϾҪǱߡ
ϻˣǴڵλãλΪôڰڿͷôãǵһһˣĻᰡҪǰѹסŪʲôԺٻô
ҲҪֻ֣ҪʱһӾͺá
ƾɫһܹӦġ
뵽һͦ˵ǻһˣѵ㿴Ҿ޶ԣ
üͷϵľ룬ء
Ͱһǧ飬Ů治ʡ͵ĵƣҲ֪ôŮԵߵģȫûɰ϶֪ܶ࣬˶ˣŮ˲Զ֮ʲô
һЦ˻ѾȴˣˣڸڴʱǸֵģһӣʵʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
ǰһҪȥؿڡ
˺üˡ
أҪǿҲˣһѺȥţͦŴӻ֪أǶ
˵ƺߴƿ뿪
תʵĿŹ뿪ıӰŵϡޡһ
һ·СܻؼңϺ͹׼ˣϽǰϾ͵һԵղſɰŻˡ
ɻĿŹȴ˵ˡ
ϵɫһ䣬Ů̫Ҫ˰ĿŵĹأ浱ԼʩˣҲ͵С
ɵȻϺ͹˵Ļֻ˱˵϶ǲͽ
Ҳɵϼװû
ı֤ӣҺʲôûаץҵʱҶ˺üҸ˵ᣬϲǸˡ
ͺϵɢҥԣϵͲˣȻæŽˡ
ϰһ۹ǲʲôʲôӵ˽ⲻˣѹͲ࿴Ůһۡ
þĻҪ棺ԺϾͶԶһ㣬Ҫ˽½ӴŮ˹ƿǮˣͽ㡣
ǺԵ飬һڹúܲã˵Ǵģϵһ𣬻ϣҪӣΪǸƿصġ


346

ȥæԼ飬ϻа׺˼룬ԽԽ
ּƲֵӾȥѯʡ
ñû˵Ͱ֣ɲˣǸƢô顣
һ뵽ϾȻУ鲻̣˻Ǻ۸ģһֱô죬ԽܣԽš
⻰ϵģϸһ뻹
ˣ˭֪һҪʲôٱŹ湴զ졣
Ҵô۾ûʲô˵ܴʲô͹̫̫ʡ͵ĵƣʱá
׾øô졣
һϸţֵľ϶㡣
ҲεĿ֣Ҫʲô
ֹһЦȻǴĵȥˣʱϲ֪£Ҫţһγô죬ǸŮ˵һ㶼á
ֵĻǳ׵ͬˣ黹Ҫֲźá
һҲ㣬ҪȻʹȥ
ϲ뵽ʱӳʲô⣬ôŻӣܶкŮܱ
ЦЦοһȥͺãǴɤˣһ𣬹ƴ˶֪ʱкϷˣױã̫̫ϸǿͷ˭֪᲻ʲô֮¡
˶ǻۣӦ˵̫̫һҶˣûʲôġ
Ȼ֪ϵҪԣıֻ֤ȥ֣һչ˺õġ
ְһڵȥ˹̫̫ҡ
ΪˣҲûʲôһ̫üΧһЬ档
̫̫ȥһҲ
̫̫һҺ͹һͷֲܣڵȥ̫̫ңȻ¡
һ쳤Դ֡
ߵ̫̫ſڣŵţϽҿš
Щֵĸ˶쳤ӣԶԶվһ͵š
һ̫̫š
˾ͷ˼۸ĺ졣
̫̫üͷһ壬͵ʲô
ЦŹ̫̫Ժ濴һ۵أϡ
֪ΪΣ̫̫ϾֲõԤС
Ϊһֱ֣Ҳˡ
еʲô
ֶŵϡޡһɧ£ȻôҪסҼҳɦŪ˵ģ浱Ըмɫˣ뵽;öģ˵ͦŸء
Щ˵˵һҲ
̫̫üͷаǧٱ飬滹ǵάš
ϵⶼİɡ
ߣһòűЩ£ǾǣǾͲǣҲóЦҺóʱ˺ܶಽܿˣҪȻֻ˵ڳˣҲ˵ûʲôӵѵвָĺӶǹġ
ǹ̫̫һֱɵģȻлɣδ˵ڹĿŵ˵ôô̶
ŭҳԣɲ˵˵˵ҿҪٵģڰܻǼҵ
ЩŻֿ϶ܣֵƢ١
ﱾǶʦģȻŹϡ
бһ۹̫̫ϻϽϳ
ʱûлؼңΪܾ֮еǷϣڴСϻȦߣȥ̫̫һҪһЩ
ϻûߵңͼҲԶĵطΧһȦˣһָָ㡣
ѵʲôˣһֲǺܺõԤԺ֡
Ͻķȥ
ĸ˰ѹֵ̫̫ĶԻ˸һ֪龭ǣϵıҲˡ
һָָ㣬ϵĲأϲˡ
카ǹ˭֪Ṵ˭
סأܲסϵ
Щû취ó𰸵顣
һԶžǾǷϡ
ϴŸɻǰȥ
û뵽˵Ҳû뵽ֻ£Щ鶼û뵽
Ͼ֮ǰǶ˵飬ɵģҲӦðһжϡ
ģŹûôɵ
ֻϵ뷨벻жʵ
ֺ͹̫̫Ѿ
ⲻһͷͼˣҲ̫̫ˣָϾͽҽΪʲôҪڴͷҼҳҼҳҲ㹴ģ


347

ǰûµʱһֱߣ벻ġ
бˣȻŹˡ
ⶼʲô
ҪǻһòҲðٺһ㣬ƾʲôҪûڻǰЩɫûɫˡ
ȢϾ˵Ϲ̸ϻˡ
˭Ϲƶ̹
ϱֵǿŵúĿ֣֪־Ҫʲô
̫̫Ҳǰ͵ûڴ
ĸ˵һеˣ֪ǳУǮˣȴʼǰͽ
ⲻŰǼҵϲȣΧ۵ĸԶЦˡ
ϣ治ʲôö
һЦҪҲǿԵģֻǣ˹֤־ڴε˿϶Ű
ֻ̾Ϣһ˹ûй
һֲֻһָֻϵɧ껹ǰɣãҰѳţʲôӵ˴ﶼ֪ɣ˵ѵġ
һţŵĻ϶䰡
ɫεĿ̫̫鶼Ѿȥˣҵʱ͸˵˼仰ˣҿ½Ƕûҿû˵ѣŵĻȥʹġ
½ûģһҲ֪
Ϊ˵ĺʱҪʱֱӶ㿪ˡ
̫̫ȴ̣ûб飬ڴҹ˵˽ܲ˰
ǹϱΪʲôڴȥҹ˵ѵ±˿᣿
ߣƽʱڼͲʡġ
мң˹ϵҲãȥ˼ʲô㲻һš
Цһ⻹ԣҼҳڶ׬ǮҲأʲôӵ˴ҲҪʸ֦԰
Ҽҡ̫̫Ҽҡ־ǴϵһⰡȴôĿŵ˵ġ
ƫڸûһϵˣôôϹͱġ
΢ԹһҺһ㣬ƫôأҲڱɽ㰡
һֵǰˣ磬ϲԣԺһῴ۵顣
ǼҳôΧۿţȥЦ
ܲˣϻúúý
ϵı¶˲ҲǸ˵仰ˣôͶˣܹ涨ܸ˵ˣδ̫ԵһЩɡ
вޣǸûõĶҪйôܸɣҲЩˡ
һ뵱Ϊʲôѡ˹ء
ĺܺڰ
ӣ뵽ĺҪˣֻҪͶˣʱҲûϵҼ޸ҲֻΪ¶ĺӡ
Ϊ˾棬һ۹̫̫ϣܿԸҵϱɣҪҼҳ飬Ͳžôˡ
̫̫ΪԸưͿòص
İԺһŸˡ
ԶԶΧ۵ĸǼ̫̫ԺӣϽǰѯ־
ֵĿıҪ֪£Ѵͷ˵һ顣
һȻˡ
û뵽ͦŸӾȻȥڶ¹ء
ʱ˶֪顣
ߣ̫̫ԺһһؾҧݺݵĿϵͲʡһ㡣
϶Թ̫̫ûηС
ΪԸĵԺע⡣
⻰ù̫̫ŭֱð־ϼһѣǳϱ͸øʵʵڼҿȥˣֱȥΪкӾͲˣһأǶûڼңŵĻϹҵѪԺȥˣݹҶ㲻
ϱ̫̫һѺһҲŭҲϣΪܰȳҿ㻹ʲôֵŵġ
ƿסֻҪ΢һ߷磬һ̫̫ϾϵһŲɡ
̫̫һϣ˿û顣
ʵһ㣬ϱŶˣҼҵʱ򻹸ҸҴܣƾ카£óô㣬ȳùӳԣҪǿڶ溢ӵķϣƽ
ˣʵ̫ˡ
ǱƢ̫̫˵Ȼ⣬ʼĳ̫̫ץ


348³

ЦˣΪϵ飬ô˶Ĺ
һ㲻ʲôġ
Ūù࣬Щŭɱ˵ˣҶ㶼㲻أһϿҾͺ°ǾͱȡЦˣ治
֪ôˣŶΪ˵Цˡ
뵽ǸŮ˾һ񣬶˻֣ѵͲʵʵġ
˫ҡͷͱЦˣûһܵӣŮǶ㶼㲻ء
ò˵ɽ廹紾ӵģƽʱڴǾ˵飬沢ûϹ
һԶ֮ģѹŮʲô
ҲΪʲôڿɽӹòõԭԭĴӣ˶뷽跨İͽأһжˡ
Ҳ¡
˶˵ϲҪҲЦЦǸŮǰǳ׻˵ģҹڲڼңҲᰲֵַġ
ʱȴ̫̫Ҵһ
ϵĿ
һӵĿӶˡ
ˣ
뵽Ķʼѯ
̫̫ҵĴŽգʲôͲ֪
ϼаţҡ
ϾǴ峤ҲԹۡ
ô⼸ϣ΢ĸ˸һȥ˹̫̫ҵš
һţһѪζ˱Ƕ
ˡ
һܵǵŴš
ܵҲȻ໥֮佻š
ѪζҶİϺӵĿиղϵİͼУüλš
Ϊ׵ľй
ܴɤҲر󣬽ţٲǾײˡ
ӣ㻹Һӡϰţޱȡ
ʶޱȡ
ʾһԵײţŸϽײ
һȺ˿ʼײţźܿ챻ײ
۵ıһ̯ѪλСһĸŵüкһ
⼸λûнȥվſڡ
λ˺ܿԺӣףֳ˲ȥ
̫̫ʱ˳ѪıһӤӤúܣҲûѡ
ŻˣϽԺӵǽǳһɹɵǰһλ˰ѺӸӹס
Ǹк
ֲ̫̫ţͻȻЦǵʧķһ㡣
ѺӸԱߵĸˣ˽ӡ
УѪſһֱӵߣϻڴϣûʰ
ȻҶϣʱ죬ҲûеݵĵزϽ
ͻȻعһץס˹ֱ۵أҵĺء
̾Ϣһʱ־ÿޱȡ
û£ǸкѾأ΢ָһι̰ɡ
Ҳ֪ô˵
û£Ĺ𴽽Цˡ
̫̫Цš
ѾԺӣŹ̫̫ڳЦһԲ֪Ĺ̫үϽϱŪѣʲô˵
̫үƢղžûҵĹǣϽǰŹ̫̫Цˡ
̫̫Цţ̫үҲʲô϶֪һ˹̫̫ŭɶʱ˻Ц
ʹл˹̫̫̫̫ݺݵĵһ۹̫ү
̫үĴһԹ̫̫ηеĸо
ٴʲô¸˵
̫̫̲˰ָеķ͵ҪˣˣĺӾȻǳģ޸ҲƺõģʱѾ˺ӣҪֱºӵĻڸڴӴܳƳóȢĺӸͲǳġ
Ǽҳ󣬵ʱ̲סˣȥԺ󱻸֪ˣǲĴЦ
ܵ˶ܾȣû뵽һ档
ǰҲһ˵л˵϶ĺӲǹģǸʱֻ˵л
û뵽ġ
ɫһ̫ඪ飬ѿɽ涼춪ˡ
˵Ŀġ
̫̫ᶨǧȷ˵뾯һȻǴҴ˾˵̼ңѶ溢ӵҲ˵ˣǿǺӣһ㶼񳤺ûһ񳤺ġ
ǺӲͰ͵ģҲ˭
ʱҲ˵ʲô
Ҳһ˵㣬ϾǴ飬ȵ˵ɣúչ˼ҡ
̫̫ˣƾʲôҪչˣҰֻҪź


349

ƾʲôչϣĺֲǹ֡
üҲϱѵ˼˺չԼɣҲĵȵҳ˵
ǰùϵ뿪ôඪ¶ֲϴģұ˴һӵļǣùΪϸϣȢô
ǰ϶ĺӲǹģĵı֤һˡ
ãĺӹ治ǹġ
黹Ҫȵôܡ
һҲˣߣǻˣ˽ߣô˭Ұڼ
ǲҰڼˣѵЦû
ڿоôڼС
ֲð죬֮еģǱ˵ĺӣôҲû˵ʲôƫƫ֮ǰϺӵģ֪黹ǲ֪Ƕ
ǹ֪϶ĺӲģôϾûʲô飬Ǳ˴һ¼ǡ
֪ҲûĹϵ
˼ҵļ£ûĹ
ϱϾӣҪչ˼յġ
ɫѿô˵ϱչţǳʲô֪ġ
˵Ҳܹ̫̫ôתֱ뿪
Ҳȥ̫ˣĺܶ
֪ݸðѹ̫̫һҸˣɽ涼ˡ
Ӽ˻ǰѺӱߣ϶̾һ
Ȼϣ޹ģΪӿССģۡ
ᣬһǺڵģرǿźôСܺڸ̫̫ץӾͲ
ҡҡͷ̾һúչ˺ӣǼҳҲҪˣ峤ȥ֪ͨġ
˶˳ȥ̫̫ҵ˶̫ࡣ
ɺ϶ûȥرϣкӺȾۻ࣬ȵѷһ˵ܸп
û뵽ջ㡣
϶ĺ˭ĲҪǺͦġ
˵϶ҲϲӰɡ
ŶӺû뵽ֻġ
ͬǹϲĲһǰ㣬ڵʱҲΪӡ
ϻű˵ĺȴ޸мơ
ȴú͸ϼ޸ҲֻҪѺҲ֪òͬϣôŶĺӣ֪кͿʼɫʵˣƽʱͦǿģĺãΪôܸ࣬ϣϿ˵Ǻܾġ
ֳҲǻˡ
ͬùǻá
־ùɷܶԣЩǶûϵ޹أôҲֻǿЦˣһӦܻؼˡ
ΪŻѺһйȥҹٲܻǰų
Ϊϵֵ÷з
޽ڶͻˡ
̫̫Ǳ̴ϰĿ޺
ΪϿ˵˺ܶණҲ˵ѡϺܴ
ϧȴ
Ϊӣأȴƭ
ϻбźӰţûж˵
Ҫǹ̫ү͵͵һͷһˮֻӵûС
˫ͨŭҲƽǰʲôӵˣֻܸҺúùӣȻű˵ĺӼ޸ңʲô
һ˶ܵ飬ùűӣ˭ҲԸⰡ
ϱźӹڵϵôˣҲҪһӰһʱѾкӣû취ƭҵĲԣҶӦõģֻºӡ
ӺܱеѪ
Цһ㻹ָҰ֡
ҧҪ㲻ôҺһȥɡ
˵վһ̬Ⱥܼ
ҪǺûˣҲû˼ˡ
ĿϣΪһһúõĻţҿһ˼ôӣʰԺҿ㡣
˵תţˣҪϡ
ܲȥҹʶֵ˲࣬һȥңǱǹɺ󴺡
뿴ˡ
ɣҪˣһϾ;öġ


350·

̫̫˫ֱؿ˳һĿϣֻ϶ֻİƽϸ̧ܿˡ
֮ǰҪ͹Ĺϵ
أҪˡ
֮ǰ˭˵ģҪҼˡ
ϰϧڹȥˣ˵ЩĽء
ҧŴһһ߽С
Ȼûлתأͺ뿪ˣ֮ǰҲº뿪ô
ֻ⸽û취ˡ
Ѻӷڴʰ
̫̫ŽӣԼĶϹҵһߡ
ϻͷݺݵĶŹ̫̫ģҲκһҵĶ
Ǻܶ࣬ͻȻң˽Ǯ͵͵Ĳ
ҵطܰȫ
͹һģɫȻɫҲ
Ϊҵ峤뿴ľ顣
ҪܲˣЩҪŹ͹̫̫˵
ϼʱǺܸмģƽڴҲûʲôԵҪʱ򣬻ǴԮ֮֡
ҲҺչ˵˼䣬ҪȻ̫̫϶ᵱ
ʱѾ˲ϢˣûʲôȻҪ
Ӹϵ飬ԹҼˡ
˰档
źͷҲص뿪
ҡҡͷĿŹ͹̫̫Ϲҵ涼챻һҶˣûһһһ
̫̫Ը⻰ˣҲܺ˰ƭǣ˵˱˴ǵļǰ
һҶòãƾʲôô˵ǡ
Цʲôӵ֮ǰ֪ԶﰡȢŮ˻ؼǵж󡣡
Ҳܺڡ
һû죺Ժһעġ
ˣҲûмƽôˡ
ˣԺӣϹûʲôԲǵģҲϣǲҪʲôԲϹҵ飬ѧѧ˼ɼңǺǼȫγ˶Աȡ
ԹҲûʲôõˡ
ˣ˵ʲôûá
͹̫̫ѵõķ
˵ڣ̫̫͹ܺڣǲôҲɽ
٣лء
ϱź˹ңԺŶԺĹ˵һллıźڡ
ڹСУһҲ֪ϡ
ģܲϲϣرϻҪ顣
һ뵽ĺջˡ
ʰ˼ӴСѵݸֵѸϰɣȻͦϲģ޹ģ͵ΪҶĺӻ°ɡ
һжǿںӵķϡ
Ҳеص̾ϢҲգ޹ġ
Ѿϡ
ϺܲĿֵݹСѣᡰરડľ
ûʲô£֮ҲһЩ¡
Ѽ飬ֻȴѩ̿
ּ˼ֵƺҲûѴţúõĴźӹӡ
ͷ
ּڲϵİȻķ棬ʮи֣ӦûͺӣҪûطȥȥ￴ɡ
ܵһŵĵطǣһϻеĺӣСС
ֱӾ͸ֹлл
ְϷ뻹ʮǮϣŰɣϽ뿪ӣҪڷߵʱ߲ȥˡ
Ͳʲôˡ
ϸмĵлźӴҴ뿪
ϼһߣڹɵĲ˳뿪ıӰܸпӦòϲģ޸ҲҪ¶ĺӰɡ
治֪˵ʲôˣŵ˵ϣ̫̫Ժˡ
ɵûʲôҲûϵڻڳʲôǰûڳʲôھ͸ˡ
ţԽԽˣ˵׳˵ðӲ׳Ķ
ӾͲ˰˵ҲӲ
̲סЦˣѾͷ˵òһǲ
˵Żָͷ˴ɵĶͷ
Ҳϣͷ϶˸˵ηηģڸǲһϡ
ϵΣԹԽԽû취ˡ
ϵǳ䶨ˣֻߺ󣬹һҳ˴ҵ̸ʰˡ
͹̫̫ԽԽճ˸ɻ£ٸ˽ȻЩǺ󻰡


351±˵ý

޽ǺܷģرҪ޽ôլӣڸĴӻû˭һ޽ôլԺ
ÿӵҲñȽ⡣
Ҫǰѷ޽ãڹһ˵Ǹս
ƽڴٰβⲢβ
״æıҲԽԽ࣬󴺲ڣҩֻһˣ˼ȥջǾҹɡ
֪󷹣˴ӡ
հһ˵ɾʹӦˡ
ҲҪôˣдһϾ͹ˣڼﷴеģ޽ⶼһѺֻ֣ҪΪͺá
ڼûŰ״ȥβˡ
֪ǸŰ״ҩá
ʱǲȥҩˣкܶҪ󴺡
򵥵ʰ˶͸״ȥҩá
״ܺãڵʱ˵˵˺˵˶ûУǺ̹ܲ顣
˹ԺзˣԱ˵ô붼̹
ҲסҩˣùԸסҩð״Ҳġ
˱Ƚ϶ģ඼ǸȾ纮㵽ҩú󲻽ҪץҩҪβˡбҪɺú˵˵
ɵʱû׼
β˱ڼܶࡣ
ȻӦˣҲˡ
Цɵģġ
˲ŵҩûûϢأ״ͱˡ
һ¿ҩá
ֻҪϼ˾ͺ٣вסģһҩþͿʼҩݣǰҩôôʱ䣬һжϤȻܾûҲ衣
ӻ̵Це˽Ϻ˼һֱڴɵ֪ɵΪֹû˵ס
пɫ˺üʵѡ
ⲻò׵ȵϣôҲܷŹôõĻ᲻ǡ
ڿɽҩúͿʼĥô˵
ǰ̽ϵģ˵ɵĻʡ
ʱ룬Ҳ˵ʹɵĻ£ΪҲ£Ѳùɼ޲ȥźá
ǺϲɵģȻɺһӣͲԹ۰⼸ѡģһҪҪмҲ֮һһõˡ
ȻҲûָܴӦֻҪһԶѡ
ɲŰѵŽҩ䣬һͷͼ˽
Ѿһʱûи˵ˣΪƽæϵĴ٣ʱҲûϡ
ǰҩʱϰͦģϽϽǰк˵ӡ
к£ЦŴŹɵһʱû㳤ԽԽˮˡ
뵱ɲϵʱݰͰ͵ϧ
ڳͤͤ
ɱһЩ˼ˣҲûʲô仯Ǳǰһˣһʱӵɺá
һڵЦӣҲ֪СػضǸˣҲֻһ˿֧
Ӳ󣬸˼Ҳʲôԣ˼ңũõĴҶǽãܲĶ;
ҲϾһӻ̣⻹ԡ
ڵûˣɰŵϵԱߡ
ЦеĿŹɵ͵мҪ˵ҷ
֪ΪΣͻȻֲõԤУǺĿϣʾ˵ȥ
ϼװһ֪㲻ǺףЩҲСˣ;㻹׵ͣҲ˵һˣҪȻõ˼ҶˣȵҪ׵ʱʣµĶˡ
εĿϣϵĻҲ֪ôӻ
װʱ׬ǮҪɡ
ϱ׻ˣⱲӿɲٰ׻һΣػһһܷʡĵҪƵȾ͵Լб²Уǰ˵׵Ķʲôˣ˵׵ʲôˡ
Լû£ûбƵĵطҲô˵װ
׵Ķ
ûԤĿ꣬ҲûҪ޵ˡ
뵽ԺһӰƺʲôʱǸ˶ֻ֧ϧ
Źû˵ҵͷ̾Ϣһ˽ɵƢĬʵǲԸ⡣
Ѿͷ˵ģ֪׬Ǯһ𣿡
ҡҡͷףܵһϹ綼Ҫ˵ġ
ֻǣô磬ҲôһӸø˭ѡ
٣ҪһϲӰɡ


352ļ

Ҳһϲиһܿ顣
һ˼ˣ粻˺á
ûи飬˴֮ҲమһҲ˵Ҫġ
뵽̧ͷº͵ĿϵҵҲҵ£ҲһӼˣҪ޵ˣ֧⣬ô˵ҶңԼ뷨Ҳ̫ùҪҵȫչ⣬ҲŻᰲļˡ
ҡҡͷֻºңܶ˼ҶܲŮͷ¶ģԽǴ˼ԽܲˣССҲ䲻㰡
ɫ˺üسģҲͷˡ
ɵǲں䲻£ֻҪϲԷԷҲϲ㹻ˣҪ
뵽֮ǰһҪΪ׼һŵԵŮӣֳôı硣
ʱƷѡһҪֵΡ
˵Щ磬Ĳô;ʱ򣬾Ҫ˵ýҲõȵ֮˵ɡ
ʱҲ࣬껹һꡣ
ֻ֮Ҳ˵ȥˡ
׬ǮҪģûôûλҲϺӡ
ʶȤģ˵ҲˣɵķС
ЦЦҲգҾͶһ䣬ҪǲҲȰ㣬Ʋ˱Ƚ϶࣬ҪҩæԹһ
˵žվҹҪΪ˵£Ȼ˵Ҳûȥˡ
ɰ͵ſڣŻͷҩ
һֱ˵Щ΢΢ҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ЩǶԵģԽ˵ףԽ˵õġ
أϺܶѡеñʧӲⱲͨ׹Ϻӡ
˸߾ͿߣΨһֻԼеģʵʵڵġ
״ȥˣҩٽһλţŵĿһֱţɫҲЩ԰ףر촽ܲࡣ
״𣿡ӿʵ
ǰѯ״ڣƲ
ӵͷܵؿڵҿԵܲˣ״ʲôʱ
ΪһϾͺˣԽԽء
ʵܲˣҩƲ
ɼӾЩĵһᣬ״͸ƲֻҲ֪ʲôʱ
ؿֿţҧҧܵӣҸŰ״ѧ˺ܾõҽҲҪȰ״򣬲Ȱ㿴
ֻŮӣҪȻƲ˼ҲһԸ⣬Ųŵùһء
ûɵŹɣʶɵģǰҩüҩɣһҩͯܰƲô붼òܰ
һЦӵĻɸоͶЩ԰
˵ӲˣԼҲԼ
ӿ˿棬ɫѾˣۿžҪˣŰ״ҲҪˣҲţȻҪƲҲһԵһְɣ˵ãð״׼ҩ
дϲǸмлл塣
˵űַڹ̨ϣִӵ󴦣
ĸӵԶûбǺţûд
ϸǰԶǱǺ鵹ûУǿԣһĿԣڼԼɽһ˺ҩԣôԶûãյĿԣʵܲ˲ġ
͸ƲΪֻš
ЩɻķֵҾ㲻Ⱦ˷纮з纮ӣԵʱǲǸоơ
ӽʱͷһϸڣӵ־ؿڣرǿԵʱסؿڵƵʸߡ
ϸһĥù˵Ķ԰ͷȷЩ̣ôһ˵Ǻ֮ͿʼԵģ˼ǲǺʲô
ɴδǰҩõʱҲû״ȻȫȷҲ²һǺ˶棬յһֱԣ㻹ǵȰ״ϰɡ
ҽεĲҽΣҽβȷĲäĿĳܣϾⶼ
ҲùҽΣĵĵŰ״
״ʱѾڣϵĽֵֻо̻ţɵȼյ͵ƣӻϵš
ֻʱʱĿԼùЩġ
״ɸϽǰҪβһ˵û˵ϵĽ
״ϽΪʵҲʵĲࡣ


353

Ӷһһ𣬻شܽŵĿŰ״
״ȴǺ˶µĿԣҶѾķҽ鷳
ӿôֻԭ
ҽΰ취Ĳ֪ȻǴ򣬵ġֻܿҩһˡ
ӵɫøѿҵĿţһ᲻ĸо
״Ͻǰӵĺ󱳰ο𼤶ҲǲҽΡ
Ѿʧ̧ͷ
״ȿҩȥҩȣûЧҡ
˵ű㿪ʼҩ
ߵ˰״վſ״дҩ˸ϣͻȻһȻҪһֱ뷨
ѧϰҽŰ״ѧϰҩݣٵԼѧϰʵǱʶ滹ϣһܹβ˵ġ
ϱӣûʱ򣬿Ϻ͹ڴϵģ󱻲ʹĥǳ̫ˡ
ôãЩʱֲ壬ûϱӵһǲǶΣȻˣӿˡ
ЩһԺУĳ
βһ飬룬·ˣԲҪʱҪҪβ
״дҩݸɣȴѾĹɵֱ۵ʲôô񡣡
ɻعŰ״ѿڶβ˸ɵ֧𣿡
˵⻰֮ͻȻʶô˵еͻˣЩڴ״ĻشΪУ״ֵˡ
״ڼ濴ѧϰʱ֪뷨ˡ
׼ѧϰҽʱǿѧϰġ
ɲһѧϰѧú棬𿴹ֻҩݣùβҲǿԵģһЩߴ崮Ĵǿܶࡣ
οĳŹһЦᶨ֧֣϶Ǻԥְ֧
һԵӵﻹбµģҲˣ״˵һģһΨһĿܾȱһ㾭顣
ȱپǿ϶ģΪֹɶûиƹһֶĹ
״͵ĵͷûˣѾͷ᲻ðʱβ˰ɡ
Ǻ˽ɵģԺֻŵֻ׬Ǯ
״ˣɬ̨ܵȥҩһ߼ҩһߵԺȶ˾ͿˣĻ̸ɵأҵܲβ˰
鷳£̾˵йһԣԺܰġ
β˹ȫﲻæ϶Ҳֹ
뷨ʲôӵģûб˽ˡ
ػؽӴľôˣβ˽Ӵ˾ͶˣɫɫУҪλҳͬѡ
״ȴֹ֧ɣֻҪ룬Ǳҿ԰˵һ˵ҲûֹŮҵڵʱ˵ʹλҽŮء
۾һǳݣŮҽô
ĳˣŮܳΪҽϾŮҽܶ˲ܣܳΪŮ˵ʲô˵ԷҽǶİ
˵Ѿҩˣĵݸӡ
ҩҲûֱ뿪Ǽš
״ͬȷλŮҽҲƾԼıȥģҽܺãǹҽҲ
Щʱ򶼺ܾ̾һŮӶôûúõѧϰҽ
ʱ֮󣬼ԵĻѧϰ
ܺãҲġ
Ҫúѧϰҽ˵ҽҪΪ˾Ĵ򡣡
˶һһɳģһֱţֻҪŬԤĿܶһܹóɹûлóɹֻҪŬˣҲˡ
״ֹ֧ɵ뷨ҪʲôĿңֻҪҶҶ̸㡣
Ҳ˵ҽֻҪ룬ôŬһҲ޿ɺǣ˼Ҳôظˡ
ӸǮ뿪
ɺͰ״ʰ׼ؼҡ
ϻ֪ˣһţɺͰ״һݵʱ򣬻ϲվ
ɼ޽֪ģһֱҲûʱȥ濴ɣû뵽ˡ
ܼ鶼ĺ
һ˵˲ͳȥ׼
Źɵһʱ䲻Ǻæôʱˡ
Ϊ´˹ɣһֱûȥҹš
״̧ͷһϣ˲豭͵ҩ̫æˣһûϣ󴺻ȥﳤæϹˣҲûȥ׼ˣɹһʱ䣬żҩҲ˿ˣУҲѧҽһɾϳˣֲ


354°׼

һЦ鼫ãϳˣ֪ôҽΣ˸ɵⲡκô
״ɫóܲκҲȷΪҺ飬֮ǰҲֻģһκأֻҽˣȥʼͬУһоһôⲡ
Ǵ£ҽ߸ĸģǵš
ȫûо飬֮ǰҲûϿôƣûȥɡ
ϲ˻ؼ˻ҩõ£ֵؼ˻֪һ㣬Ժ󵽼Ҳҩõ£˵˵ҳڼһˣǵ̸۵ˣһֻܿǡ
һڼǹµģȻһţһĻ٣ʣһͲ˵
˵һ飬ؼ⡣
ɺͰ״һ۶Цˡ
˵㲻˵Ҳûʲô
״ͻȻյż׼֮ǰ˵յżȴ˵¶ʮҪؼһˣǹ֮뿪Խ껹֡
ϲŴӰǻãż׼ȴû׼˵¡
ʱ׼˵겻ؼţôͻȻ˵ؼˣѵʲô飬¶ǵǲǰ׼ʲô£ǰڰǵʱû˵ҪôͻȻҪˡ
ֲĸо°Ұ׼鷳Ȼǣ˰׼ڳҽݵѧϰ
״ϼϻ̽𼱣ǳð׼ǹģ˵Ҳûʲô飬Ǽ죬ȵٻȥ
׼û£ŰһһؿһߵˣһΪҰ׼֣Ӱ˰׼˰ûʲôš
һڰǷ״Ҳ֪ˣҲʹްΪˡ
ǰӺ˰׼ð׼æôõ顣
˰׼׼жµģֲɵ
һʼǰҪһףһֱذġ
֪Ϊһ뵽ͱò״ûţǲȥҰ׼ˣ˽Ϊˣֻ²ưոݡ
ǼģҲ֪δĿʲô¶ó
һζ˵ڮٰ׼˿϶ġ
ǲ֪ô
Ҳ²ڰǿ϶ȥµľǻ鷳
״Ҳһ㣬̾Ϣһ˵ҲûܣûҪҵҺͺٻҵʣµҲֻϵҩãϷѾˣסǺ޽ģҲǸҩá
һܡ
ͷһһֻؿڵǵҩÿǵӰҪǱȥô졣
һ˶ָҩأҪǻᣬô죿
״Ȼ鷢
ҾҲӦԵİ취οϵǣҪǻᣬҩøˣ¿һҩá
òҪҪƤģ϶ᣬҩҲһҵĹ⾰Ϊȥʱܶһ棬ǸʱʲôûҪ뿪ôһֱܸлġ
ЩܵҪҩøͺá
ϻкܶҩá
ʱͺãϷøҲν
ҲһزūĲƲҲһڰģϾġ
ûж̵˼ôҲȫҩá
԰ǻҪҩҲģ¿һҩðˡ
û˺֮ɵЦˣǮ֮ֻҪһ˺ͺģͱʲôˡ
Ͻŵµӻ̵ӽң˵Ҫ˵ףҾܾˡ
ûһԹϵ˼ܸл
̾ϢһԹĿɣԹ㵽Ͳ˵ףҶˣǺùɲܱ˿Ц
͹˻˵ףʼû̫˵лʱ˾Ͳˣﲻ֪˴ء
ڻû˵ʲôǹ˵˾ͶˣʱЩôܵ˰
϶˵Ҳùĸ棬ߣҲԸʲô
״鲻رǸ̸˻֮󣬸ֹ֧ɵľ
̫δǺ£ȻףͰԼ顣
Ȱ˵ǾϹżɻҲֻҪԸ׵СӶˣ⣬뷨Ҳò׻Ϊ˾ͷΪʲôߵһǲ
˶ǺʵģûûµĻ޵˿϶ãᱻ˿


355Ϊ

˵ļֵ˼ҸģڲϵģٹΪġ
ǰʱ˵׵ĶһЩ˼ңһ¶Ŀ⣬ΪǶŮҪеλ˵һУЩ޿ɺǡ
һӾΪӴڽӴΪһܳԱȻճϢӹÿͰͣһⶼõȵꡣ
ҰģҰĺܴ󣬵Ӳ뿿˹ϺӣֻƾԼ˫ִһУıһС
ãˣ
ȻЩЩۣЩҪҪڵɹô
״ĻҲﻰ
ҲŵԵĵѭľŵԣҪɽúãȷҪɼŬ˵ҪҲŬ
ù鷳ƣЦŰοҲˣµ鲻ȵ׵ʱ˵ɡ
Цúܲãĺܺأߵ˶ô
һ˷˶ӣϵĲȣ̲ס޵һԽԽղ˰
һղأճĲ˲໹ζãû뵽һͦڷܺѧ
һ˼ЦЦǷ˽ҵģǰڼﲻղأﶼǳˮ˻ͷ
˵ˣﻹеܵڶڳˮˣһ굽ͷԲ˼⡣
Ҳǹ˿ӵģһҧ촽ǰļοܻģҼǵһﲻԶǿԣҲҩ߸ֲҩݰɣֻҪڿһ㣬ӻǺܺùģǴӺܶ˶ǰùˡ
Ϻɽڹʲôӣһ۹ɵǴӵǽбǰùˣǷ츲صı仯ðɣûôǫģһ˵Ҫúÿһ£ǼҪǸֲҩݣֲʳúܶ࣬ҩݵļǮһֱҲһֱչǼ˳Կġ
ղŻΪ˼ûûʧһ˹ɺϵĻ֮󣬸жѡ
ɵȻ֪ɺȫΪá
ҪֲܸҩݣŲҩ϶ںù
Ǵ̹ͷ
ɺεİһҪҾͲˣҪлңͺúչҸϽһԷ˵˰
ܰһ˾Ͷһˣðɣǻݻģ໥ɡ
һȥ꣬״϶Ҳ¡
״ҶҪֲҩݣǸæ
һûϣʵϣ϶ȽæģֻҪһ뵽׬Ǯ;æҲֵõġ
϶æ黹õĻ׬ҲǷģһûʲôֻҪ׬Ǯʲôֵˡ
ֻ࣬׬Ǯ
״͵ĵͷܶһǸһ꣬һҲֵõġ
ֻҪ׬ǮͶˣҲֻæµһʱ䣬궼æµ
ɼƻ԰״Ҳû޽·ӺܶණʱƵҩݾͿԸȫ棬󶼿ԽˣȻֲֻиŲҩˣңõسֲҩݵˣҲȫҵˣҿЧˣźֲ˸࣬ҵ뷨߲ܣǰҪǩֻѺҿṩҩӣԽôֲֳҩֻҡ
ЩǸģʶ㣬ҳҩҪҩҲܶ࣬ô꣬ܶɫɫˡ
ΪӲֶΣ޳ܵ˶ˡ
⣬ǼۣĶǶй
δȻǺܱҪ
ߣܲܰ°Ȼķİ˴ңȻҪ׬ȡ治ǡ
״϶ͬ
ǱģЩǺĻҪֲҩݣҪ棬϶㡣
ɵͷĵľҩݵļǮҲǳԿʲôչۣҾ͸ʲôǮ׬ֻҩݺҪֲҩݣٵǩҵĺԼҹܲˡ
һҲĬûм˵ȥ
˳˷һʰ꣬ɳ˦ִүڼҿûôУϴӵʰ
ȥ״ûҽ飬Ļӿ
գղǰףɾͱ״ѡ
Ͽ鿴ЩպÿһЩĵطû˯á
Ѵţȴ״һһҪҩþͽˡ


356¹

ôԷĺܼ
ɸϽɵֻȥҩýҾͺá
״ҲֻǸɴһкתֱ뿪
ѵĵĿŰ״ԶȥıӰߵǰ̾Ϣһ˵ΪξôأΪܹһ꣬궼ˡ
ȥɾͼǵûôæģ˵ȷܶࡣ
ο̫˰ɣϽȥ̫ˡ
ڵ¶ȺܵͣϵҲãܲˡ
ϰѼϴŵһµҲϽȥ˯ᣬڻأȻҽһ㡣
˹Ҳ˯ˣĥŻȥҩãȥҩÿţʱڹ̨ſһˡ
Ҳ˲ó緹Ѹ˵һȥϡ
ǡϼ·ϾܶɫҴȥϵˣôȥϴ඼ġ
ҩÿţһж˳
ҩ͹̨ɨģǿ͵ˡ
óûҽ鿴
ʶ֮󣬹ɾ˺ܶ顣
ѧϰܶǰĶʶ
رҽ鿴˺βˣ͸оڿĲ飬һʻ
潥ֵϵҲˡ
½½Ҳţ඼Ǽҩġ
һõͷҩãǡҪȥשҤøһԵ
䣬ͷԷһ첻ỵ֪ҪҩóԷô仹ҪͷۣԾʹ˼õ
ɽӹͷֱһͿųԵﻹ˳ô
ȻҩãǱܵһ䡣
ֵĿŹɵٲһ㣬Һ˾أͰĵҩãһжõģģҲǼģ޽ķݲʧġ
֪ɵʲôҲǼʶ˰ǵķ٣Ҳܶ˼ҵԺӣȻֻǸԺǽĲ֣ҵԺ޽Ҳ㹻ˡ
һЦǶעͺãһʱû취ȥˣҩõܺã˵ĵģر࣬ɵҲæµ컹ûôͱҵˡ
ôʲô£ԽԽá
ҲŵǳҲ˲ˣ纮Ǻأһһ̫Եʡ
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ֿʼڹ̨濴顣
֣̫ϴүС̯ҩſҲûܣֻǰա
ٽ磬ͻȻ̫Ҳɢˣȥбľ¥Ҫһˣתصҩã粻ͳһٷˡ
׼Էʱһ˽ҩá
ǰͻϣϴѿƾɣҲЩң¶͸һǷϸС
Ҳòȥ糾͵ģ̲סü
رЬϵ
һϱһϿʱǷŭ
ǸʹްΪɵԵʣôͷ뿴׼ùģ֪յùǼңջڰǴȥˡ
ΪھӶʶǵģֻҪһž˶ָָ㣬˵ĵġ
ֵͬ˺Ūֻ뿪ǡ
ĲʰΪ׼úúõģȫûܵһӰ죬ӰǻصСҪĳǮҲ࣬һ͹ôҲûһǮǿûôǮ·ϡ
һ߸·һѰұȽϱ˵˳··Ҳ᲻û̫סڿջŪýƣġ
ֻƳһ۹ɣŴҡڵһԵϣһүģҵ衣
Ҳֵ˰ߣĶŹɡ
ˣɸô˰һۣҪȲԼ
һ۹ɣһ˲õӣô˵ҲҼҵҩ°ɣҩͯ˰֮ǰڰװİɣʵ㲻ҩõһҩͯȴǰװҺϤûСС;ȻôĻ
ɸø˵ˡ
˵ҲԼ뷨ģ˵ŮӾ˭ҲŰɿҲֺĽɫ׬ǮʲôģôŶģ϶ֻǵʶСͳҹӣðˡ
жһڿջʱɿڿġ
û뵽ͻȻʵһĻ
ǵģѾԶ϶ֻװβǶѡ


357ҫ

۾һתҹ۲һ£ҩõİ趼ţ⡣
ҵǸԺҩãҪȻԸʰؼҰɡ
ڿԿ϶ˣһΪ״Ĺϵҩ£ûûλѾͷԺ󻹵ÿǵɫͷԣҪʲô̬ȡ
һλҩõģûչҩƾɣ뿪ӡ
ҪѾ·ߣҲص
Ͼһֱ״ġ
״ռҩô꣬Ȼġ
ĵѾҩõˡ
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Ϊһ˳ԣɵһ⣬ζ˲
廹һ㣬ҪԺһ㲹һڼʱȻÿ춼⣬˶࣬Բ٣д͵ʱ϶ǰѺõĶø˳ԡ
Ҳθںãֱӵһԡ
ͷ˳ſӾͼŲ˳
ͻζ˿ˮ˴Ӱһ·ϳԵò˵ÿһٷǲһ·ϳ˲ٵĿͷ
ꤵģŵζǿƲס
˶Ӷܶͷ̨Ǳ߿һۣеûһأǳûгԷ
ıϵĻЦˡ
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ЦЦΪʲôҪǳûУҲǺЦˣԼǮģԳŶϵľ¥ȥ
¾վָŹɵҹȥҩҵģҲ뿴㡣
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ûôҪˣǳ
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İѷˣװ˵ĵӷһԣȻС˻ߵġ
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׼ٳףﻹһЩӣЩطúܵ
˵Щǰ״Ҳֻǵ̶ѣҾǷ״Ҳһ롣
Ҳ
ⲻܵӰ죬ȻҲ
ͻϿɺһͷӶͲ̹ˡ
ܾ˴һ˵ǵĻ˵̲á
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ǸģҰ޷ʲǾ˵ǻôˣ
˵˾˵
ޣ˵˻ɡ
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ϺٺһЦûȨǵļ£˵Ĳǵļ°۵Ʒѡ
Ųη廨أһΰ׼֮һֵ˶ڱİ
¥ϰ廹˵ŰͰ״򳤴ģû뵽ԽԽƫ
ʶϵģߵʱѾ޹ˣֻǵᡣ
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ϵǽַھӣ˵ЩռɣǲŻûʲôء
ϹһЦʲôЦЦָŻϵǻûʲôΪǰǵǲ֪ͬһݺԼֶҲ


358

ϺͰһ죬˶Щ顣
ݺ׼ǲԣѾȥˣڻŲʲô£Щ̹
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ֱӳҾͰôˣҩãǵǴ󰡡
üŹɣϲ֪ҩõ飬ǸղŹɸ˵ҩõ顣
ҩҪˣһλôͷΪҩãôһֱǰ׼һռҩãҲ˰
ʲôҩҵģҩҲһɣ׼һôռҩãһ㶼ʮˣһҩöʮпԭɡ
ô˵ҩöķݡ
֪״ĴҲû˵ʲôҩøˡ
Ϻ»϶Թɶ֣ҩŹɡ
״ʱѾ磬ͻûгԷ˶öûҪСвˮһ˺ƻҪһЩ
״һͱˣ˵û뵽ˡ
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żӣ´Ű״ҲĨˣһλӹܵҩá
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һҪҩĶգҩֻʣһտӣҪһտʲô
˵Уҩõһжøš
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Ϊ˵õеһҲɷѿģҪ׼Ȼµһȫ˰ġ
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֪Լ๫ģվҼǵҼ๫˼֤бž¥ϰ塣
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ԽԽΪܻռһˣʲô˶ûռ
״ͷ֮嵥һһݣֱӹҩðɣҩø㡣
׼ҪȻͻȻֲֻܺãԺҲˡ
Ϻĸߡ
˵˺ӹҩãﰭ۰ѵҪǳȥУ
ͻֻҧ뿪ڲߣ´԰״˰
ϱűϵĽֵϣСûпջʱ֪ˣڸȥ
ҡͷʾԼҲ֪
鷳꣬һ뵽ӹһտҩͶµûţýŵϵʯӵǸô찡ҲûˣҪǽӹһտҩùҲûð
գĺŶ
ӺܶջһҧŻȥ˾ƹݡ
ô˵ѶӳԱҪ
ҵȥҩĺưܣҲûʲô
ʱȱô࣬ҩõĺԺסˣҲУҩûиŵĵط
߰һߣɾѯ״ɵҪᵽʲôطȥ
״ЦЦࣺͲԶǸŵ棬ֱӰȥͺãЩҩǿ̧ߵģҩĳ붼ȡھͿʼᡣ
мƻھƹݵԱһ棬֮ǰƵģϵⲻãյˡ
ϵⲻһֱ
ϰǾƹݵƹҪȥʱԡ
ھҪᣬϽȥС˹æ


359ܻ

Ȼ״Ҫᶫ϶Ҫְæģ˳֪ͨһ½ַھæ
Ͽһ۾ƹݵķǾͱȥˣʰɣȥƹݽƹ
ƽʲô£ַǶ໥æģ״Ҫᶫô飬϶Ҫϴҵġ
״ҲϿףʰ
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ǲסҩãԺҲԲҩûʲô
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ϵ£һֵ˶֪״Ҫҩˡ
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ˣųһٷĹ򣬰״򶼿ҩˡ
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״ʰĶǴʲô£ʰϵıīֽ⡣
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룬µҩòʺΪԺ̫СˣԹư趼Ҫԣ֪״˼ư趼£Ҽǵ滹棬°ɣҲ御ˡ
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ŭĺһеĶߡ
ҰѾûˣĻƳԷ⡣
ֻһ껹ЩʲôϷӻڲ
״Ķľ棬ҲûͷϷӻڣѾסˣҪȥסҰԿ׸㡣
˵ŴһľӣóһЩԿ׵ݸ˰
Ҳû˵Կžվһԡ
϶Žúܣ껹ʣЩʲô嵥ǿô֪ûƭǡ
ŶƫЩǰ״ðģҲռ
ɲͷ嵥Ȼ͸һݣģǻмƭǡ
ҲôˣѾΪֹ
ĶˣС˽ѯʻʲôҪġ
ָһʰõĶеĶҪߣˣǾƹݺȾơ
ϵ˶ϤæСҲϤúܡ
æ˵оƺȣһî˾æ
ͻû˴ɵվһԣܲ뿪ˡ
ҩõĶܿ죬ΪǴҲ򵥡
ϰæ߰˸ҩҲԶһֱڰꡣ
ɺͰ״ԭˣ˵Ķ͸һûư趼ء
ϣ״æ˾ƹݳԷΧһӣ֡


360Ҫҩ

ûеȵҩøڶ״ѾҩãҩʣµĶֻ嵥Ķ
ðȫû뵽
Ƿŭģرǰ״ӹҩ֮ҩöǿյģҪͲܰ
ڿյҩУЩǳڸô죿ҩʲôûУǾҪҲܰУûҩô˼ҩú취
ʱԴҲҰʲô취
ߵǲǰȻû뵽һԸǡ
ǺܲƽģΪ׬ǮĲ˵ܹӣӹҩú״ܾȣҲһ
״ֵ壬ֱӰҩðա
ЩܹһӣҪԼһ㻨˵ô졣
ǰӶⰡڱ
뵱ڰǵʱҲ˾ġ
һб仯ǴӿӰ׼ʼģӰ׼ֵ֮䲻ֽӿǱҲ£ھȥ첻ȥصҲŵĵط
ʱƻʱͲͬ⣬ʱҪĻҲڱɽ
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ﷳƣ˵˼㶮ʲôˣϽȥȥһߣܲÿҩݶһЩ
ȻҪһİ취ܱܲˡ
ǰһʱϲϽȥԸæҲԿˡ
ֱȥб״ҩá
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״ڰҩݷŽ棬нŲݡ
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ĺǰ԰ǸжµģΪ׼鿴˰Ŀ
ڶ԰˵ﵽߵ㡣
ɿһɫЩҲסǱʲôûУҺɩӸû취⣬ߵҩһһ㡣
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תҾǰ״򡣡
ҩ˻ûŪô£ȴһİ˵Լǰ״򣬶ʱˣҵİ״ɲ㡣
˵תȥ˸ӻ̣״ȥ
һǼҩģЦеָָƹݵԱߵڰ״ҩھƹݸڣȥǴӰæһ¡
ҩЩ棺Ǹڵ˭
ֺǺǵİ龭˵ˣǼҩ˷ŭֲҪģһȥһҪǴӵ˵˵ɲҪȥҩüҩˡ
˵ֱȥ˾ƹݸڡ
żҩ˵ķӰҩݶˡ
ǰ״֮ǰҩһһģﶼ뻨ԩǮϾƲҪǮ
һ˺üƲҩģкü濴ҩõı仯ֱȥӻ̵ϡ
Ŀżҩȥ˰״ҩãȻʣȴûҰƲ
ϻϺͰƻȰд׬Ǯģ֪ûš
ûƲûǮڵɽա


361

ǺܻǮϾҪʲôģֻҪԳԺȺȻһӡ
ԷӶ׬
ǺĬһ㣬ڰҩβûʱ䣬ѯʵ˶ûˣҩſ塣
б״ҩã˵õúܣÿ춼ܿβҩЩ״ȥƲġ
ҩõԵγ˶ԱȣҲǳ׵ĳˡ
ƹҲûԸðԵøҡ
ܲˣɽ˵˶ûУϵƹǶǷޣû׬Ǯû취ؿҩãǵѾҩõˣûǮԷ
Ҫȥ˵˵ûһ⣿ǰӣ
뵽õİ취ȥҩÿǡ
ȥ״ʾãһ϶ġ
һۻϵҶǲǣȥ˵ûʾãûӻôˣѵΪʾܰˡ
Ҳ࣬һܵҲ°˵ȥֶܼãͳŲȥˣʱҪҩ𣿡
ָľֻҩá
ҩЩĶģҩֵǮһغͷӣĻôҲֵʮӣֻǲ򲻵ѣǲġ
Ͼҵ˶Բڡ
̾ϢһЩƣȥһ°ɣǲ취
ͷҪĽ
Щƣȥбҩá
״ǡҩãΪҩúԺȽСڶѷŶСһѷžԵúܱƣӾͰҩ档
ҲãһϢչ⡣
ڹ̨濴飬һҩþվŭôˡ
һмĿһ۹ɵôӭ
ɵȷӭ
״ûվƳһ۰²˵ɣʲô¡
Ͽƶû¿϶ǲŵģȻһԸĿġ
һЦǰֺõ磬Ȼ֮ʲôᣬϹͷŽء
⻰ü١
״Щͷˣ׽ܲˣ˵±ȽϺã˵ˣҲֹˣǾ仰˵¡
οһ״ǲ׽һˣһ̬˰״ĶǸģ㿴ģһҲҪɣҩðΣԺֵܶ˾Ӫҩá
״ЦЦе飬ĿŰҲһ³һ𣬻ͦ˵ģһҲżӣһܳеġ
ΪˣеҲǿţƹƹһ˰״ӣ˵ǰײ˼ˡ
òײŰأȥôܡ
ߣֲǲ֪Ŀʲôһʱҩûǲ֪
ǸпɵŴӰǻزľҪ⣬Ϊӹҩþǽӹе⣬ûôɵˡ
֪ҩÿˣȥôܰ!
״û˵ЦʱˣҲ֪˵״ģҪºһˣҩǵΨһĶˣϷǱҲȥˣѾû취סˣҳû°ҩþӪã԰㲻Ŀŵҩþưȥɣһβˡ
״ҡͷ֪ҲܴӦģ˵β˲ںȥʲôطҩãֻҪмǵҽģûҩã߼ҴĳŴ˾أΪ˹ƽҩˣ˥ȥҲܡ
ڻеһأĻΪɵ
ˣҲ˺ࣺܶôˣ⸽ʶˣһԸβңҵҽɱˡ
ΪҽǱȰ״ߵģڰǵʱβҲǺܶİ
ɾͲЩҽôûβǰҿ˵ѰƲģأûԸβҲҸɵ˵ЩǶҲ御ˣøҲˣҩǲܰȥģԺŸ⣬Ա㡣
״ͷ͵Ŀ˹һۣΪ˵
˵õĶûˣ治ΪµĶɻڰ
Ĳǵҩ̣һҽֻҪҽ׼Ҳҽ׼ĺҽͲ㶪ڵĶ
ֻһҩðˣһ򲻻ҩõġ


362°׼

״¶˾Ĳϸǣ֮ڿܵҪܿйĽӴ
ƫһΰʾãҪԼһ·ġ
ǸֲϷ¹Ѿ˵˺ĻЩð뿪ɣٰԼġ
ЩεĿ״Ͷ࿼һ¿ɲԣǺϵ飬ܲõһﰡ
״ȻЦЦĿŰһоӪܺãģҪҲС
ܻһϣ˵⻰ôֵôãΪΪҰҩã㻹Т
ϽţȴЩûף״ԸæТֻˡ
״ƽ㲻ذѲҵǿϣ˵ѾˣҶԵԵ㣬ŪɽжٹϵΪ㣬һиֵ໥֣Ϊ˼϶ɲΪ̰ͼҵһУȻݺ׼׼ҵۣΨһĶӣȻҲҪƣ˵һܸ໥ô
Щ鲻ûķԭ£ʱҪйԶæ롣
ûкҩ˾ˣһкóе
ǿˣ״ĲԸæܽ˵ٻսһģ״򲻻Ĵ
ܺãȻ˵Ļôѵķң㲻ТҺһһ룬Ҫһ
·ֻһˣϾҪӡ
״˸Ĵ㣬о뵽˰ҩá
԰ķӦҲֲ֡
ҩãǺ⡣
ҪãԺ˾Ҳûϵˡ
ҩȴǰһмʮӣҪҩãǿʰ״״Ҫ᲻þ
Ϊڰ״˵ҩúӦ״ƽˮ
ֱӷ뿪
ȵһߣɾ̽Եʵɵ㲻ô
״ƽĿһ۹ɣ¶ЦգҩôҲĵģŵһôѾˣҪɣЩǺҪģֻҪһҽ׼ҽͲҵ
ɾҩõλûǺܺõģҪҪҩ
״ҡҡͷôڰɣҵ˵ɡ
ϵķӿɲϾС̫СĿǰϵĵҲպά֣ټµģֻҲҲʮӿɲСĿ
ң׼ڰǣʹĿǰ׼ǲģָԺһ˶ᶨӰء
û뵽״ô
ЦŰοǲģԺ϶øɵ͸ȥǣҪ˵ǾסǺˣ׬ǮˣҲõȥǵġ
ھͿ϶кŮˣкԺ϶ҪȥǵģŮͿԻһ
״뷨Ц׼ǲˣʶ˰ǵķҪһҲԸģϵȻƽʺˣȵ߲ˣȥˡ
̶һǲܵģͽ̻βˣŰȥǣȻܾöԸİΡ
ʱ־ʹҪҩõ£ֵ˶ˣö˶˰״
״ܰ˵Ը뷨־õȷҪ̫¡
ֻӶѣҩûھ͹ˡ
ͻһհѼǮʮӣ˼ǰĽ
ΪǾãʮ㹻һطûа״ķݣҲǸˡ
Ϊ֪ܺ˼ǮҲûš
ʱһΣѾ¶ʮҲӹ֪ӿҪ޽ˣѾԺĵשˡ
Ӧûؼҵģһ뵽׼ҪˣһֱŰ׼
ٽʱһͣҩſڡ
ʮǰ״дŰѼ˵һ£׼Ҳ֪˰Ҫҩõ£۵Ͱ״һģôڶԡ
Ķһһ³кܶ඼Ǹַġ
ǰæ״ȴһĿŰ׼
׼˿ǰˣȵģùɺ͡
ĺܺð
ð׼ڰһ˳ģҪȻҲ¶ôĵЦݡ
׼ûϣЦеĵͷǼܻɡ˵ζЦЦ


363°׼

һ£ûӦ׼˵Ǽʲô£ת˲뵽һܣҲŻϲ
˵Ǽ£ǲءѹϲ˵š
һȥǵʱ򣬰׼͵͵ĿأʶƺȡЦ˰׼׼͵͵ĸ˵ϲأҪ׵¡
ǺûҪǻһ˰׼һϣûˡ
׼֪үͷ˲ظˣصĸƷ
ΪƷǹȥġ
״װ׼͹͵͵˵仰Ϊʲôôѵ֪ܡ
̲ס˵ʲôôģ֪
ɰѶ̨һţЦŰ״øɵ֪ʱһøɵ֪ģ㰲İǻء
׼˵ϺͰ״Ļˣһ²ͬ⣬߾뿿ԼѰҹһˡ
غͱԸܺãҲ֮ǰر֮
֪ضкø֮ǻϲģŬѧϰҽҲΪ˸ߵøڸ˵Ȼ
״˸Ը˵ջǰˣЩ֮ܣ˷á
ôĻһԭ򣬱˶зִˡ
׼ŽַŵĺãӸ֮󣬾Ŷ߼Ҵ
ƽҶչ˺ܶ࣬һδҲôм˵ȥ
Ű׼Ӱĸ㣬̵ģȻֵǮǰ׼Ⱑ⺢ûۡ
ͻϼ׼ˣи
ôȫ˰׼Ūʧǡ
׼ڿ֮ǰȥǵʱ̫࣬˶ȵġ
Ʋ첻ƾʲôôãȻõ˳ҵʶһͺˡ
Ų豭ò豭̡ţǼʰ׼ģҲʹް׼ġ
Ūɥ֮Ȯ׻Ϊ׼
ƾʲôߵգҪȥôǿǴȥ˰ǡݺ׼飬һֱӱԺ
֮׼ܹнȫ
Ҫǹ֪ôĻһ֮ԱǣʱΪð׼ȥģҪûа׼ȥǣȥһ˳ܶࡣ
гغͳã˵׼Ҫȥ׾١
ֻЩ֪
׼ϸ֮ȥ˸ڵĲׯһλҲ˼֮ģЩ˰ԵģЩ˰ģЩ֮ġ
ÿһ˼ҵﶼһ˵ˡ
ϼЦеͰ׼ţ
ôãûҪôҵĹϵ˶֮
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۰׼ˣȴһװûӡ
Ŀˣʵǿ
̲ˣңҾҪȥ֡
˵ֱӳ˳ȥ׷Ű׼͹ɵŭ׼㻹ҳǰҪҼҰҲᱻѺ
һ뵽ڴ֮ܵĿʹ絶һ㣬ʱȷΪ˱ȫɾΪʺͰ֮˵ֽˣҪȻһҲŻ
׼͹ϵ˶һۣһͷ
֪׼ǲʺ˵Щ˵ף׼ǻϵݲһ֮ûжĹϵ곤·˰ˡ
֪µģȻð׼°ѱЦеĿŻϵô볳ܣ
Ҫֳʲôڿϣ¡
ָŹɾСӣûϵ£ٶ죬һ
ؿڣһµģŵ˵Һ±Ŷ㵹Ұѵû첻֪죬ҲԴҹҲʲôӣ۸Ҹ磬ô˵ˣһܶˡ
Ի˿η壬ҪôСžͺЦˡ
ϸ֮ǽֹüεģû뵽Ѳ
Ҳǳصġ
θ˼ֵôŰ׼Ѳ֮ʲô˵Ĺϵ˰㻹û˵װɣܸ׼ʲôϵ᲻ü˰ɡ
⻰ҪǻŮһðɣҳ
ɲһŮӣͲǺⲻҪ˵ģȻ۰ֻ³Ųڣÿһ鶼е㾪ףڴǽܲ˵ġ


364´

ڮûʲôоҲһˣ֪ܲҺͰ׼ɣҲԣӦǲ֪ģΪûԸ˵ô˵ɣҪǺͰ׼ʲôֻºӶˣ⣬ڮҵЩĺܿЦ㿴ܵǲڿЦҺͰ׼䣬Ҳ˵ġ
ϺϵҿһۣȻѾΧ˺üֵˣÿһ˿ǳЦţָָ㡣
ѵ֪顣
ڻ󳰷ЦŵҪڮٱǲ֪ҲˣɺͰ׼֮ȴװ׵ģ׼ҪɳףûǸ˼ģУĺӶˣҲرڮ٣ô˵ʵǺЦˣΪſ˵ô㣿ҿϵ治˽⡣
ܲãһ¹ɺͰ׼ģأְʯͷԼĽš
ʲôϵͷָϾŭʲôϵҷôôమµء
ó־ЦĵΪ㲻˽ϵ˰Ҷ໥ģ๫ô۸׼㻹Ϊܸɫ׼ǿųĺӣֻҪһ뵽һ㱻ǺˣоͲ̹˵׼Ǿǹܶˣѽһܰ
ѾˣǴñȽϷ㡣
һֱҩ͵ĶԽԽķҡ
վſڶŻϵϽʲô۵ġ
ȷû㵽ϵ˶ôŰ׼ԵǸԣҲҲûи档
ͷϣƽʱŰˣôĻ˵ȥͻȥҪǻȥ˻ҪҪˡ
Ҳȥ鲻˵ҾͲȥ׼ôǵʱǶ㲻ɡ
׼ȥǵʱǵȷ԰׼ͦãҲֻһʼΪǸʱѾĥôư׼ˣ԰׼ҲֻҪ׼ɾ衣
׼һûϵҲҲҺ֪ǶҺòҪɾ裬ȫǣǶʱҲӣжҰɣΪǷǵˡ
ЩʼûƣҲǺݺź֪ķֱˡ
ҲԼ޴ɵġ
ϵҲסͰֵܵ飬ӵҲ֪
׼üͷܲʱ˵Ӹһ룬ҲָңƾЩ飬ƽ͵ĸ˵ѾǸˡ
˵Ҫߣʵǲ˵ȥ
ôð׼ˡ
һҪйеơ
Ҳ׼ϻֱ嵽˰׼ǰ־Ҫ׼⣬һһҪй
Ѿ̧ۿŰƾҪڰ׼ϡ
ֻžһһֱۣӴһԵĹȴ˦˦һƸоΣôϲˣǲǾð
ԲǰջԤģΪ뷨Ǹ׼һƣȳһ˵˭֪վһԵĹֱ֣Ӹһƣϻۡ
׼Ҳû뵽ɻֱӸһƣһΪˡ
»ɣϽѹɻ
ȴƽİ׼ļÿҸ֮飬ͿˣΪǺ۸ġ
е޷йĸоϺͰǺˣЩ鲻ʺϰ״Ͱ׼˲˵ʲô˵
Ĳں˰ںĻͲˡ
˻һӣ͸һЩԼĵ¡
ڵôġ
׼ҡҡͷɰѹɻҲġ
һзܿ죬Ӧʹˣһĳɡ
Ҳʾ뿪ˣȥ͸ϴ
׼Źɣ˲һԿǿ϶ġ
ϱɰ˵ϣҲϳС
˵ķٶˣȴϵӡ
ϺܵļλӸϽǰˣԿǿ϶ġ
ܵúܣ֮ǰˣҲۡ
۹ɣңɢңһѪ⣬ûʲôԵ˺ۡ
ս˲ˣ˿
ɱ泶˳Ѿͷʡġ
Ǻ¹ɳԿղǶûôӦأˡ
ɺٺһЦҪ֣ҳȫҪȻΪǺ۸ģѾˣԸ£ȫµ˶Ⱑ˭߳ë


365Ҫ⳥

˵ⷬиɣĲˡ
Сʵ̫ɺˡ
߳ѻҩŭǴѵ˼һģһ˻ܴӮô˲ɣλû취ˡ
ϢųȥôˣûʣҲǽ۹Ҳû˻СǺܸԣٽҲˡ
Ҳ¸û棬ˣȥҲ׬ʲôӣǿûԸ
Ψһʣµİ취ֻһǾð״Լ棬ȻЩ뿪
û취ȥˣһʼûаȫϣϣҲ׼
ϸоˣܾίҶ˴ˣ㲻Ҳˣڻһȥܰ
һۻϣɵҪڴܳԿĿ϶ǡ
˴ȫˣǷ˲ɡ
Ҳ˲û̲ˣһֱ˻ϵϣһӾûϵˡ
ʹǵ˵ǲǣϽҹȥ
ƽƢûôģһ֣ᶯ֣ȻֱӴ
Ҳ˵ˡ
ԹԵĸڰ뿪
ϵ˼ûʲôҲ׷뿪
˼ɣֹɸûԿҲͰ뿪ˡ
׼Ҳû˼͹ɼȥصҩá
״֪ɺͻϴܵ飬Ҳ֪а׼ڹɲԿ
ȺɢſŹɰ׼ڳһ
δȹɺͰ׼ţȲʵûʲô°ɡ
ЦҡҡͷغãͿϲˣҲ˻ϣôܲá
֪״϶ǣϽûµĸɵҷˣҲûô򣬻ϱӲˡ
ǳһڶ뵽֮ǰΪѣаŰ裬ֻҪһ뵽޶˾ͺ
״۵Ŀһ۹ɵĲӣŮӣԺҪأ齻׼ͺˡ
׼Ҳû뵽ɻΪͷ
ֵԺ齻ҾͺˣûϴһҲûʲôҺýûԿǳԿҵú
ô׾Ǳץˣ϶ģ˵ʱĲԼҲĲԼ
ɶԴ塣
ϾһʡĵĴ󲮺̣ڴӵʱͷĳܣʲôҲǿˡ
ţЩ֣ûô
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ҲǺõģûԿǳԿ˰ɡ
״ƼɴܺһȵӣҲЩˣѾͷǲһβҪˣԿ
˽ҩã״ɰѲϵ˺һҩ¡
ֻ»ţڣƵõǿҪŵʱš˽ģôҲǼ˴Ǵǣ˻ʲô¡
üͷЩǻ治ġ
״һ֪һЩɲ֪飬ĵǵȥ֣ﻹжӡ
Ըûô࣬ǵе᲻õģȡ
˲Ͳµ״ҪʲôʵɵҪôõĵģϻмʮӣҩ㹻ˡ
һ׬˲ǮǮҲȽϽʡʣºܶࡣ
״û˵Լ뷨ⱨʮӣ۵ʮӻû˹ʣ⾰ãⲻǮ˼Ҳôû˭⣬سǵĵ̿϶Ҫϣ㵽ʱҩ̸ʮӾͿˣҴʮֱӸҶʮӹһ֣ʮӣȫΪҵˡ
ˣֻǳʮӾͺá
϶Ҫæ˵Ҳʲô¡
ЦɵģЩ齻ҡ
̸ǮʲôС
ңʱû˭ʺϳ档
Ű̲סġ
֪ھʲô飬ٿԿ϶Ѿɽˣûжӽࡣ
ԲŻ뵽ҵ
Ȼͬ״ʱˡ
ǱḶ̌һ仰ù⳥ӣУˡ
´һ»ϣϻˣǮǲܵİ


366

״ǻ̵ģҪǲڰ׼Щ֮󣬾Ͳô
ָŹɾ͵СѾͷƬǮ
Ƴһۻϣѹ
״ֻǵһЦʲôǮ
˫һŭ㿴ҶˣŮⳤҪģұץûˣѵӦǮ
ۣرǱץ˵ĵطʹޱȣﻹˣԽԽȥˣ뿪Ҫ뿪
ﲢΪҪ⳥ӵģҲùɺͰ״ߣʱǻȶ֣ô˵ռ
ңһСѾͷˣôö
ͷĿϣˣ˵һ仰Ҫ¡
ڨڨı죬ϵˣĲҪ顣
߽ҩãĿŰ״Ǹһ⡣
ʵܲ״ģΪǺܶ顣
µҲֻҰ״ˡ
״ָָǰӣʾ¡
һ££û뵽״
Ͼ֮ǰ״ǲ䲻ȡ
֮ĿŰ״򣬿żɽĵҽΪ˵̵飬˲˵ҪĻҿԱ㣬ֻҪҵһӾͺá
״һ۹ɣɵͷˣŵûӣȻҲĶûˣʵΪҿ԰ûԸˡ
ǲģܶ鷳ɰųúܶࡣ
üͷŪˣûǮϹͦãҪûܹϺӡ
ﻰⶼǲš
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ʵϰ״û׬ǮΪڣǮҲǺܶ࣬Щʱرˣӡ
׼׵ʱ򻨵˲٣ȻУȴڰǰ¶ס
ɰһ۰˵㵽ҩãҪǾһ¼ǮãҪ̼Ĵҩݡ
û뵽ҩõǹɣЩĿŹɵǮ򣿡
Ȼ۹׬ǮǲŵģһСѾͷƬ׬ӡ
ɸͷˣҾһ飬ҩá
֪ˣԽǱּУԽǾ򲻿ɡ
ЦЦôʮ㡣
˵⻰ʱЩĿɡ
ȴЦЦĵҲҪǮͲˡ
ϺܰôˣҲ֪ҩõĴСϿɲ£ʮӼǮ󰡡
һĻϢųȥôöûʮӿ϶ǲԸģһأȻ޽ʮӣҲǷϻʮӣҪҸǮǣҲûҪ̸ȥˡ¶һģ
ͻԥˣڶ˼ţǮֵֵ
Ļ׻㻹ǲ㡣
˵ʮǮ϶ˣ˵Ķԣʮӹôöû򣬹ٹһʱ仹ûȥ϶УϻˣҲˡ
ûԸ˵ҶƲֲ֮˳
ҩãûӡ
е㲻ģʮʵ̫ˡ
״û˵ʱʺ˵
Ƴһ۰״ֿһһͷĹɣüǮõİɡ
⻰ЦҵţҸɵ˵㲻ҩãֻǰи۰ˣҪˣͲҪϻôˡ
״ҲΪɵҩֲ˵ģҩͦĵģ׼ǲԸˣҩڵĻлǣңҩûҾֱӿԸŰ׼ȥǣҲ뵱Ȼá
⻰϶Ǽٻ
ɻˡ
棬˿ʼɲˡ
ҾһҪʮҲǲԣʮߡ
׼Ͱ״ͬƾʲô
׼һҩүүģһһ룬ҪҵҩãֻҩҲˣô껨˲ӣôȷҩã֮ǰҵÿ궼Ͷ͵ҲˣЩʱҲ˵ˣүүҩûӣЩµԸ˵ұҪ˵Ҫҵһһ롣
˰ռˡ
϶ͬⰡ
Ϊ׼Ͱ״ļðҩǹġ


367̧

ƫͷĴŹɣܾùɵ޵ĴЦݣЦе㰭ۡ
Էɵһ㿴
֪ôĵ̣֮ǰڰǵʱôƲɣ˵ڹϵúܶ࣬һжΪƲġ
ĵ̾Ϣѵʶ̫ˡ
ϵ˶Թ񶼺ͣףһŮʲôֵ͵ģѵ֪ܣ
ջ˼ɵʮ̫һ㣬ҷֳȥһŶʮӣԶԶ֮ǰԤڡ
ɲ̲֮ǰԤڻʮأϧûǸ̸⣬ûòˣҲһҪ򣬶Ҳ˽˵乫ģֵܣȻһһ룬˵ʲôطŶֵ֧ģߣڻöʮӣûȥʮ㶼ûУȥһӰ춼ûУҸɵģϵԵϵҲûиɵãȥ㻮ô
˵ζĿһ۰ŵ㣬Ӿֱ뿪һµĵطһСլӣһӣ㻹ҽˣֻҪƷжúˣԺһܵҵİǰ;һƬҲñ㣬ͬɥ֮Ȯ
Щﻰɥ֮Ȯ
ҧԹ˵Щֲܲ
ȴݺݵĵŹɣ˵ɥ֮Ȯ⻰Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Цˣ˵ı鶼޶ãô벻ҪҪǽô̸
ǲĵʮӡ
ֱҡͷ̬Ⱥܼ˵ҲǮһǮҪֵֵôǮô˵ɣҲһʱˣ϶ǲģڵʲôȱܵҲ׼ϵ̣֮꣬ǰϰǿѪ޹飬ΪãϰȥڵľƹݣȻƹݵľζûôãϰ߿ɶ
˵ĶǶԵģϵ˶ϰˣͱҩãûд֪һ£Ҳѡ
ҲҪ뿪Сɡ
һڼ˺Ѱ졣ü˵
һǮȥǲ̹ġ
ּۻۣһڼ˾úܲ
״Ͱ׼û˵Ȼ˹ɣôõġ
Ҳǿˣʮӣ˵ȥͺ¹ʮӶˡ
͵͵˳䣬߰ɡ
ղŹĽȷһĳ·һط¿ʼǳ׵ĴȥˣΨһֻܻطˡ
ճ̾һǮ϶ǽȥˣҲֻˡ
ɵôǵҲܣҶʮӾͳɡ
ڵƣȥ
״վӺԺȡһСӣõ˹ǰ
ǷȽ㣬ȻɵӻҪҵġ
Ű滹ҪϷȫס
ЦЦѺùȥ򿪿ķȷǶҩõġ
ˬóƱƱʮһŵġ
ֺӻҪдԷԺ֡ŰûмŰƱ
ϵ˶뿪ˣֻиھƹݻţ׼ȥƹݽƹͻƹ֤
һСĻɰģ̾һ
ĹǸݲӡ
˴ҵļֽ֤дˡ
ɵŴҵʮƱʣŸ˰״
ͻƱûжʱʰ뿪˵Ϸһжǲġ
ôãҲûܵҵ⡣
һ˶ûƹ
õӿ뿪Ҳˡ
˶ףǼ˰״ҲΪܻӭˡ
һȺ깵ˣȻôŽᣡ
ƹݵƹͻƵл֮󣬴뿪
״һߣֱӰƱݸ˹ɣҲѺӻ˰״
׼һرãȴ飬ֻû뵽ͻϳھˡ
ˣһȥɼж뿪
ɿһ۶մŵҩãЦЦ˱ΪϣȻ׬Ǯõ뿪Ҳġ
״еأƣ̾ϢһǰģųǻᣬҲôˣǰǻֵ֮ģֻϧֳ㣬ɱ̾


368»ؼ

Ѿ¶ʮż
׼ŻȻҪȥһϣԺ͹һ˴ӡ
һʱ䣬ҩôһ£ߵʱﻹڵػҲ֪һµʱû޽÷ӡ
ʵ޽ûôģο޽ô󣬵Ϊǰסϣ˲ٵˡ
˶ڿ϶ǰܶࡣ
׼ڹɶ棬ЦŹɣԥ˵һ˵ĻҼͦϲģ㲻ڰǲ֪һЩϢܶӵ¡
뵽ɵľȻһҪ˵Գûоǲܵģֻ֪ŲԵģҲһ𣬼Ȼһ𣬻Ъ˼ȽϺá
ɬѣȴֻǿջЦҸô졣
׼ҡҡͷڵԵĲҲͬĳ棬ϲأҶ˵Ȼ
Ҳ֪ô죬㿴ҪأֻܳسʱһۣԽ˼֮࣬˺ܺõģǺܶýŸ˵ףһⶼܾˣд˵˭ҪǱҹˣһٻˡ
ɵҲͬ仰ĺǮ
Ҳͳ֮ĺ蹵һÿĺ蹵ݶôФģϲңó˻ͬ𣿳үͬ𣿵ʱأ˿϶ìܵġ
ʵػһҪЩףǰ׻ˡ
ŮӵǿֻǿˣŻᱻƵ
׼Ĭˣ˵Զԡ
˴ھͣˣΪǰݾͱȽ϶ˡ
׼˳Ǯ׼õﶼ
Щĺ͹ߡ
ԶԶģɾƼԼҵԺӣԺӵԺǽѾ޽ãשߵԺǽӿԵЩ롣
Ϻʹæµţ׼š
׼ЩĿԺǽҲ̫ˣ˵˵һ˶ӡ
üû뵽±ǰƻһģһΪɹҩݣΪ˷ֹ͵Ժǽ޸һǿ϶ģߣΪ˰ȫҲ޽һ㰡ƽҲ±˿̽
ǰǰʮˣԤڵҪ࣬Ҫ֪Ǯкܶû㣬оǼҾҲûð죬ҾҪҲ١
޽߰ʮҪɡ
˵ԼЩȣ߰ʮӿɲСĿǰΪһ㼦ëƤСǮóһˣȴûô޽ݡ
԰ӲؼĶ
׼û뵽׬ôӡ
ɲǰһУ׬Ӳûж
Ȼӻ˼ҿ
㻹Ǻģ׼ԺһҪ׬Ųš
׼Цòãţţ˵ƸҶš
ɾ죺ҿɲ˵Ļǳˣ˼Ҽ˵Ļ۲ŵһأߵԽԽãһǿԱ֤ġ
ȷܱ֤ʲôһֱǰġ
һ˵ԶϺʹ˹
ǰ׼͹ɣؼ˻ŸʲôϽæ
̰Ѱݸ˰׼Цܹȥջ
׼ߵǰݸϺô¡
ͦŴӣǵ˵š
ϰѰ׼͵ĶһԵϣ׵ͺãôƷء
׼ץץͷһЦⲻӦõȥ·ӡ
˵һ̾ˣȥҹ˵ɣϻд˵ܾеš
ɿ·ӣҲվҲȥ
ʵȲȥ˰
ϺʹЦˣϵѾͷʲôԺӵשͷûأվͿ깤ˣʱѴļҾ߶ؼңʰʰǰס¼ǿ϶ģھ͵һ㣬·ӻ᲻ᳱʪ
޽ķݶһ㡣
ȴûôҲˣȼͶлڻﳱʪ׾ͱˣȽȥӡ
úܣֱ¼ҡ
Ժǽܳ޽òǺܺΰǰСԺ֮
ԺӵĴŻûװϣԺֵúܣשͷĵשͷשש֡
𾪵·ӡ
ûеֻǼ򵥵İܿװһ£ӿܴһԭľرĿ⡣
ӵĿ䣬Ҹӣϱ߻ƫƫһһéޡ
ӵĸԺӿرĴ󣬼֮ԺǽҲܸߡ
еլӵĸо


369¼

Щ̾Ŀ¼ңԺӾеӣ֮ǰƵͼҲࡣ
ɼʱġ
׼˵Żߵ˹ǰԺûʧɡ
ʱĺܷģ޽ݲʲôɵĲ£ȻǮҲȱǮܶ鶼Ҫ԰ŵģҲÿôõģЩ˻͵ˣЩ鶼Ҫžġ
ҪĶʱעµˡ
֮һۺۡ
ڣûùʧŹЦݣȳۻ
Щ۹һʱһ࣬ȵ޽һҪúϢ
һЦŵҿ㲻Ҫ˵Щ׻ģҲǺ۰оܳܡ
ŷݰεض𣬶ԺӿԺļҰǰζ룬Ⱳסôõķӡ
ɵӴȰһж˹ɣһܸɵŮ
׼ãɼұҴˣԺҲ̫˰ɣɵԺô׼ɹҩô
Ժĺܴ󣬱֮ǰɼҵԺӴҴӵĻҲܴöˡ
ЦŵͷԺǰԺɹҩݣиСԺһ㻨ݣƽʱںϢϢҲ㹻ˣҰæȽ϶࣬Ǯû٣Ҫǵô˵ĺð
һκܶ˶Ϊ飬ЩæǹǮŪе㲻˼
׹˼ʵȻʱЩõģ˶
֪飬ο֪ⲻһֱǵôҵĺãʲô¶ŴôһŴ׬ǮġҲΨһҵķʽ
شЦеĿŹɣð׼͹ɳȥ˵ϾԺҶæµ
׼ĵ飬֮ǰɾ˵һ£ԺȥլӣʱҲɫأʵϣһҰӵģߴߡ
Ѱ׼͹ͳԺӣȥæµ
׼ŵɣ֮ǰ˵Ҫլӵ¿ɷģڰլӡ
ɿ׼ŵĵܵܣ϶ҪȥլӵģϾԺȽ϶ֻ࣬ǽˣȻ׬˲ٵӣҲܴ޽֮Ҳʣ˶٣֮󻹵չչãڼͿȥլˡ
Ȼ׬Ǯôõĸо
׼Ҳûӣţȵ׬Ǯʱ򣬾ڰһСլӣסˡ
ڵֻһСԺʱסţһȥǣҲֻȥջסԭСԺӣһ鷿һ˯ûжĵط
ʱĽɵģ׬Ǯ׬ǮٶҲ̫
ڰǣҲûŮӸϵϹɡ
ɣʲô׬ǮŵԽܸһںȱǮҲ֪ؼҡҡ˵׼˵ȥĸо
ܱô룬ԼҲо⣬ôõŮӣѵûôǺòġ
װ׼룬һ˾֪ڴ˼УŵжҪ
˺ͳүܹųأֹҲȫ޵ߵģǿںķΧڣڻûи˵£ֻҲΪûҵ˳۵ġ
Ȼ֪ض԰׼ҲĺøУҪһ𣬻谭صģİ׼ļοܹأڻûгף㻹лᰡ˺ͳүӦҲظˣߣӺضҲкøУŬŬ϶Եġ
׼һ࣬ճ̾һЩҲֻԵˡ
ŬһŬȻ֪ûʲôϣҲģǸһû鷳ɡ
ҡҡͷһʱ֪û鷳ģʱӦòɣҲͦҵģǰڵʱôĻˣȢҲǱڱʮ˵ЦҾҪǼҲûǸ˰ϾǼҲǰô۸ˡ
˰Ǻʵġ
ӴҶܾأûӣ˶Բϼš
̫ˣִʵǻľ档
׼Ű緹˾ͼææĻȥˡ
ˣԺĴ٣Ȼ
ǰʰ꣬ȥ·Ǳ߰æ
ѾɨɾֻǴЩ䣬ʪҲء
ɨӣŹе˷ܵ˵סʱڴ߷һױ̨һӣŴ


370Ϊ

Ǻ˷ܵģϾǰ껹סƷӣȴס·
ԺĺֻܴܵҪǿԺӵĶĽȻ̵ġ
룬ҲǴˣӦԼķ䣬Сǰױ̨Ҳʱһ
ĵϰţûʲô÷Եġ
˵꣬ŵױ̨Źӷźˣ̨·һӣԺϰʶ֡
ϸҲû
һȥһֻŶӣƵţԺש̺ܶ࣬õĵطǲ
ź󣬺Źɣҳȥһˡ
æܹȥʳȥȴææȥ
ôˣ
ЩĿŹýյĹЩ
̾ϢһһǳĿŹɵмҪ̹ס
֪ܲôɿڣеݣ˵Ҳʧġ
ʶĹһĿŹʵʲô¡
ǴͷҲûˣҲ׼
һϣܰûڵңʱҪӦҪҪȻҲóȥˡ
һ֣ܵľû·
üͷһʵʲô˵
ֻҪǸһմȾϹϵģûʲô¡
һֱ֪̫̫ܵһҾţƤҩֻҪմˣ˦˦
ǰʱҪľϣҲ֪ɽľԿģҪķľͷܶ࣬ķ͸Ҫˣֻйҵ﹡һҺ˺þãվҵһһ£ǵʱҪһӣʱҾ͵Ŵ˵ˣڷˡ
˭֪ô޳ܣѾǰ϶黹ᷴڡ
˵꣬ŪȥЦһҪӡ
εҪһӣһֱţȵ飬㿴ǽô
Ҳû취ˣӦͲӦЩɡ
Ѿϰ˼СС鶼ɹ
ԣҲϣ⡣
ɵͷ˼һ£̧ͷЦˣʱǲǶ֪һһѾǮ
а룬ҺùʱûкͿǮŴҵˣ˵ͺðˡ
֪Ҫʲôǵ˵ͷ
ʱѾǮˡ
ЦȻˣͺˡ
˾ͲҪΪһͻ䱾
һʱˣаҪܲҲˣΪʵû취ˣԲεĸġ
ܴĻҲ߹ˣϾɲĹˣҲʵû취Ÿ߹ɣ
ѾüˣţԷ϶󳳴֡
׹ʲôǺų֣һԷģûųֵģǸңǾ͸թӣҴ˶֤
˿ηҪǾԲܵģĶ뷴ڣ߻Ǽۣ˵춼û߱
ֻڼ޽ݣЩɻ仹Ҫǵġ
Կһ£˵鲻Ҹ˵ϣõȵҽ㹤Ǯʱ򣬲ܹӸ˵⻰ʱеڳһҪסҼԺשͷչƾ̺ãǻƵգʱͳԾơ
·ӽÿ϶ҪģӺð£վͿ׼յĳʳ
е㵣ǵҲ̫˰ɣ껹мء
ɿ˿ܣȷûڸ˵ѵų֣Ͻ鶼Ū꣬ȵһãô֣Ҳ᷸˼ɻ䡣
ĿǰΪֹµİ취õġ
ųַ˼ɻ䣬ȻҲ˹Ķϰ
һһǸ߼ˡ
Ȼû𱸹˼ϾǼ裬һҲûʲôϵ
ֶթӵΪȴġ
ĵûףϲסҪǰô졣
˵Ҳ֪֪һӣһƣֲңҵȻ˵¶ʮ˸ңһ˷Ͳᳳˡ
ϷȫףֻŲ֮ǰ֡
뵽˱飬Ҿһˣ涼ɨɾȰѼҾ߷ŽȥɣʣðһЩȵԺ˵̨ǱҿҲԿˡ


371¾ϯ

·ƿ϶Ҫ·濪ģשͷҪ꣬ͺܼˡ
ùɰźܺ
ǹǮ͸˵˵ҪǹҵңʱҾ
֪ΪʲôйһӲˣ񣬾ǹųҲηˡ
ֻȥһžʹ뿪˴ӡ
ʱų̾һǺܲԸǼ˴򽻵ģȻѾ˾Ҫúô
̫̫ҡ
Ժеɹֻ̫͹̫̫̫үȻһ㣬ǰ
ǰֻҪؼԵľǳ֣ڿɲһû˳Ҳû˸ҹӷˡ
̫̫ǳĴ߳һǮʣˣ˵ôҪ֮ǰһôֻ궼á
ֵǣϲڣ֮Ժ淴ˣ͹֮ҲûʲôֵˣѵõĹ˼徻ӡ
һ뵽꣬˼ҶǴ⣬ȴʲô᲻᲻óԣδе㺮ˡ
Ǯù򿪿һ棬ѵվȥ׼һЩ˹꣬ôҲôԺá
ʲôģǱ߲ô
̫̫Ǯù΢΢üе㵣ǵĿôܾǼڲöԸ֮ǰļΣһβǳԿȴʲô鶼ûС
»ģڵܸоһҲôദģҲôöթġ
ԹһΪץһѻһ߳ԣһſǵģֻҪɲ֪ͺð죬ѵûϻûôģбµǹǸСѾͷƬӣʵû뵽ϹҼ˾ͳ˹ôһ࣬˵Ҫ֪Ѿͷôܸɣ͸öһˡ
ϸһ£ǰôôɵأû
̫̫һ뵽ͺڣ˭Ҳ֪ѾͷôܸɣּҵʱһţⱲӸ˹ϵǺ£ӺúùҲǺõģֻûϵǼҳҪڶˡ
ûкҩôɹĽĽ
ڹڣҲһˣǸһֲҩݰɣȥҲĲܣʱٽӴͺãҩݵʱֱˣֻӡ
һֱĥ飬ȥûһôֻЭô˵׬ӲؼģڱĶҪ
̫̫ȴֵʳȻǺ׬ǮҲӣΨһһ㣬ҪЭˣ˻Цҳ˵ˣΪһ˵˾ͻȡЦ
ֲҩݹչô
ǿǰѶԷ˵İ
̧ͷƳһ۹̫̫οͱˣǹչҩݲҲ׬ǮչҩԽ׬ǮԽֲ࣬ҲǸǮôˣ᲻ͬġ
ƶɻͬҩݵģֻҪͬչҩݣʲô鶼ð졣
̫̫ûףȲ˵ֲҪݵ飬ûʲôʱ㣬Ҿǹġ
Ҫʲô֪ģȻеǣһ뵽ãⲻõĿġ
ŵվھȥתһȦûǮҲǿû˵ٻҵӾȻСϣ˵ǺôҲǳôͷİȫڹСϣͲСӸˡ
Ӿ͵ߡ
̫̫ǿˣб£˼Ըž˼ҡ
ߴٵ˺ˣϽȥʣǼʲôʱ㹤Ǯȵʱȥ
ȥʱ򣬹Ѿǰһ˵˺հƣǮշ
һܾЩף˵ΪҲˣʺϰƵҲǺա
ѵˣ
ҹǰƣʲôӦûҲȷԼˡ
ȻûбķӦ˵ɲ֪е顣
ŵùģûаЩ߹ɣҲˡ
שͷ죬˶࣬ԵڶʱˣʣһЩСˡ
˳緹͸ظˣڴ˵æµһ£ڿϢˣҽԹһ꣬ҩ׬˲ӣҲ׬˲١
ɣһꡣ
Ѿ˰ѼҾˣº˫Լ˸ͰеļҾ߸㶨̧зźá
ҪľװģٶȵҲ죬ڵʱŪˡ


372

ֻдԼ׼ȴվϯĶ
ڴ˼λ˰æҪҲҪժ
˺ϲɼҰϯ˭֪ɼҵľϯǴõġ
⣬ܱ
ǰ붼飬ڴҲӺùˣܳԱˡ
ɰѼҾǮˣ֮ǰյģ˼Ҿ֮һ˿ܰ
Ǻܼ򵥵Ĵû̫ӵĴ齣ԼҪģܾ̫еѹ֣Ҿ˯ĴֻҪ˯ͺá
еļҾģܣӴ͹Լӣĸо
ֺʹѾ׼õĳʳԺ棬ǲסԺȴԺҲ׼
ڶģɾ˴еæҲûƻúϢ
Ϊģ֪ȥ¼ҵʱֺʹѾæ׼ˣæĸҲ˺üãԭġ
ϯҲоˣ֮ǰüΣ϶ϵʲôֺʹϵĶӣۿŻһ¾Ҫˣʱɲܳʲôӡ
ֻҪһ˾ͻ뿪
εúܣֻȥкˡ
˫ȥӽˣһΰҲֻ˴ˣӵû֪ͨ
ȥʱ˰״һҡ
ʱϻа׼Լ״ˣһԺﶼֵġ
ϯյ񶼷ڿ棬еĿˣɺϲȥ
ľϯ񶼺㣬֮ʲôԣģͼѼģҲͲǮġ
æµһ죬ҹ˯¡
һ˯ȻѣѾգû¶̹ͦ⼸ۣȴܳʵæˣǽ㹤Ǯ
ӺͭǮ׼ˣ緹ͰѴ˶춼󴺼¼ģʱҲڡ
϶ͭǮ׳ۣҲ߸˵վԺš
վȺ棬ĥȵһʱҹҪǮ
ɰռ¼Ĺҽ㹤Ǯ쵽Ǯ˶ܻϲ
ѹǮ꣬Ҳûʣ¶ˡ
ۼ⣬˲ԺűϵĹʱɫһĿ͸
ߵɣˡ⼸ǵ飬⸴ӣԹɻһھΣ鶼ãջҪɴôǵģÿһζŮ鷳ô붼òӦá
̧ͷȴѾ첽˹
˿Ժﻹмλû쵽Ǯڣ첽ߵǰͣ£һ
Ҳû˵վڹߣŹ
վһĹеεĿһƲ첻أʲôҲûվƳһ۹˵ӣʲôӣ
ǿ϶ģҲԭ⣬Բˡ
ʱˣһϣǸŮϻ۸أȻӵ顣
ŭǲǲǣǰǿҺˣٸһӲУȻͲҡ
ֻЦЦŹû˵
һԵҪҪأʱǮҲˣҪӣҾĵôҪȻǰѼ֤˶
ҲǹһˣӶѾ˹ڹͻȻҪӣ˭Ҳܸ
޾ģ˭֪һλ᲻
ͨ죬ؿһһŭţ˵㻰ǹӦӵģڲһҲǹˣôӣϽҡ
һãȻĿŹʲôʱӦˣǲǼǴˣ
ǲܳϵģӦΪסڷѾ׵޽ˣͶˣҲ¹ˡ
ͷϵĹôܾôˣžһƺݺݵϡ
ۼֿİϵӺͭǮװ˴棬ʧˣȻװǮˣҲҺùûӦֱá
İӶװָŹɵıӾСǲ⣡Ҿ֪һйϵ˵㲻ʲôʡ͵ĵƣǰȻȱµ£ȰңȻ󲻳ϣа
վǮݸ˹һĿŹ㰮ô˵ô˵ɣǿŴҵǰӸģҲ˵Ǯ㷴ҪҪӣҾ㣬أҶΪ㶪


373¸

ǿ϶ģԭ⡣
ҪթӣĿʵǶģԲΪ
ۿŹ˵עһ㣬Ҫiʲôʻ˵ģݹҲ
˫ҲǰһվһԵɽҲ
ǰΪһҺ˵Թ޼ɵôǰ鷢
ǽһǼһҪҪˣӦӵģͻȻ֮䷴ڣҲܣ˵õӱҪҡ
ҪӣʲȥҪǣһԽԽţҲ
ǹɻѹֶѹֲˣץϵֱ̨ȥ̨ī֭Ľ
ڹߵĹۼֵֿס̨̨ϡ
ɻйϺܶī֭ɸ׵壬ī֭Ҳī֭
һŭȻ
Ҵ򡣡
ˣôҲûôŹڻڱ˭ƢѹסԷô
ûй仰ɽҲŹ
¸ӺɽΧס˹
ݵб´򣬽ҴҪǺÿ
ЦһһĿŹǲüѡ
˫ûŹһ𣬺ܿ˵ϣɽȭ
ڵϵĹҲûֹͣκѹһӣֻҲסôҲ޼¡
Ƴһ۵ϵĹ֪ΪʲôôǮ֮Ѿûʲôϵ㲻鷳ȻҲ鷳ȴ̫թǣʲôΪǰ۸
ǰָ͸ˣϾǸʱǶ
ֻҲǿ׼һ㣬Բ޼ɵ۸
Ϊڵǻǰһ
ŵϣשͷĵĥۣҧŭ㲻ŪǣһҪŪǡ
ǲġ
ηвڵһĵҵŪңһҶ֣ɱٸҲ˵ʲô
в飬ҲԹ
ɽһȭͷ˹ϣݺݵ㵱ΪҲŪ㣿ҪǿķϣΪ㻹ܻʲôһһвˣΪǺ㲻ɡ
飬ԺΧһȦˣʱ˽ſɡ
ɽŷſ˹
ſĹվ۵Թޡ
˹ɼһȦŵϡޡһһĭǷŭҼˡ
һڣҲΪ˸Χĩ˻˵ֻвأ
һ뵽Ĳʡľʵһѵ˸ˣ˵ôôʡأͲ̤̤ʵʵĹӡ
ܲϲһ۹ͰһңһʼͰһңǹƭҡ
ʱվ˳͵֮ǰеĴҶ֪ģӵʱ͸ǣڷŪõʱҵң˵ٸһӣΪˣǿˣҲӣҰѷ˵ҪҸô죬޽ɲڼңֻܹ˵ɻ˵
⻰ָŹͽҲ˼ʹӦˡ
ӦǲܵģʱҺְ޷ӵʱɻ䳳֣ǲ˵˵ɻ˵ҪöԲԣʱŴҵ˵ˣǮҲҪӣǣԸô
ǲܸģܵ˶Źָָ
Ūˣʱʱܶ˶֪ģŴҵ˵ˣһĲˡ
Ҫӣʲô¡
ҲŹ㵱ӦˣҲӦġ
ʱǴҶڳҲĲԣ㲻ͬҲԣһӸҰ⹤ǮҲ⻹⳥һҵʧͬ⣬
ҪƶӦģϾĿĺԣΪľǶҪӡ
˼ĹĻеˣʲôʱô˵ˡ
ȵȲԣǮƾʲô
ƾʲô⳥ҼҴ֮ǰǻģڱľ׮㻹⳥ӣôõ顣
ȫƫ̻
Ӹһҡ


374·Ȼ

Ϊһʼǳ˵ģͻȻڣһкȻҪеڲ˷Գһ˵ܲȻҪӣҲԸìҪģΨһܽİ취ֻˡ
ӵ˺ܶ඼ͷΪ˵Ķԡ
ƵĵҲûôҪˣʱҪȥɽп˭ԸƼԼҵĴģʱڣΪ˶ͷô󡣡
ɲǣʱǮͳˣ˭˻ҪǮģĹأҷӸǺˣ֪ͬ͹ҪۣҪǸˣָһжթӡ
ʲôôҲڵܲм˵š
Ҳһģȷܲص
˵ûðɣָ˵˾ҪǶ¡
ĵˣֵ黹ǲǣһݻ£ӣȥø˵飬ΪܳأʵʵĹѵ𣡷Ҫû¡
û뵽ѲһصӸⶼˣǰûôµġ
Ӹɲɰϵī֭ɾߵ˹ԱߣĵҪӵ⣬ΪʲôͲ̤̤ʵʵ׬ǮÿЩаܵĽѵѵô
Ĳˣôѵû
ǰôһʱ䣬ҹʲôѵûпô΢ѧһҲڱɽ
һСӣҵ鲻ҪܣҲҪѵҡ
ɺʧҡͷҲڽѵ㣬ڸָһ·ȻǼô飬Ȼ֮ѾûݹϵϾǿɽˣô˵ɣ̤̤ʵʵĸ׬ǮԺӿ϶ԽԽãЩа飬ҪϺǲܵģֻԽԽ
ҲǺ˵ЩǶԹһ御ˣ¶ˣֻŴҺú׬Ǯ
һ˵ʲôȴϡ
˵Ļʵʵʵϸ룬ôȱ£һкùӳˣôǹˣǰǼ䷢ʲôֻҪĵĸģԭġ
׹ɵ˼氲ģһĿ׬ǮӶù
¶ˣֻܹûˡ
е㶯ҡ⣬ʱҡһῴɡ
һ뵽ԺҪӹֵַԣܡ
ƺһ˴үүҵòǲģè޺ӡ
ɺʧҡͷ֪ûˣҲڹ˷ʱ䡣
뿪
˶ҡͷ඼ǶԹΡ
ɳ̾һͷһ۱鸴ӵĹĹļ
ġ
ЦһûеģֻǾΪλɽ㣬СʱģǸʱ˸黹Ǻܺõġ
ɢȥԺӻָ˰
Щǣ˵᲻鷳
ĵ¡
Ͼ֮ǰв˵ġ
οģ˽ƢղЩֻ˵˵鷳ɱҲ
ʹ˹һҪߵϢ
ֺ䶯ź䶯Ļһ飬ǾǹҪլӡ
ôӵ˶Щ죬û鷴ӦͷЩ顣
һѵҪߣϸһҲǼ˰ɣŪҲ겻ѡ
ҲûϵŶ̶̵һʱһҾʹҪ߶̶Ϣ
Ժ档
ɻ˱ʱɽǼ˱ģ뿴һ˶ӡ
ҪߵҲ˵ˣûϵ
ŻŵģŹЦЦΪ˹飿
ͷЩɻ󲻽⣺˵뿪ȥʲôطլҲ˶ӰҾĥţҪȻǰԺôҲҵ
ǴԺǹ汲ġ
ӳҡͷܾլ˭򶼿ԣΨǲ򣬾ҵҲûʲôˡ
ԺºܶҵԲ¹̫̫ǴԺӣûϵôͳ׵׵ģ˵Ժʲô鷳Ǽʲô¶óģֻҪΪӣԺҪլҲǿܵġ


375

ҲϡһԺӣο޽ԺӣﻹҪҵľԺӡ
˵⻰Ҳ⣬Ͼ峤ԺӵҲֻǼң˹û˭ԸԺӰɡ
һˮЦЦլǲģǼҲסˣ벮ǡ
ҡͷЩźǣҾǿϧլˣ˵Ѿס˺üˣȻǺܺõķӣϾġ
ЦЦҵǿˣʱǺԥѡɣ˭Ը򡣡
ˣҲȰˡ
ʱ֣ʹԺӣҪӰæȥ
˴Χۡ
˭Ҳû뵽ϾҪˣһȴҪԺ뿪ˡ
ҵĵȻҲҪģȻҵؿ϶ǲŵġ
û뵽ҹʱһ벻ˡ
̫үŹ͹ЩܣվһԣŹ̫үʱ򣬱Ժӵģ̫үҲе
ջù̫ү̫ү˵ʲô
̫үǺ̫ܿүµ˲衣
һµĹ̫ү̾ϢһεĿŹһֱǶԲ㣬ǺúӣͳҪլӣҲ֪˼ʮꡭԲľ㣬ҪȥʲôطҲ֪ԺҪúõģչ˺Լ
Ȼ᲻뿪񲻹̫̫͹
Ҳ˹ߣԹ̫үûе⣬Ҫ˵ǰû۸ģ̫үһ̽Եʵô
̫үЦЦõģЩȻڹܼңһ͵͵Ĵ˼Ǯ˵ҲûʲôǮĵطе
ɵһɫףǮóһ˹
õӵĹ˹̫үС
̫үЩ֣̿ϽƴǣջȥﲻҪӵģǸǵġ
һֱΣ϶ΪӶ
ΪҪˣҪһҸǡ
Ϊߵİ
ֵܼӲһҪţһҲ֪ʲôʱӷźñ֪
̫үӵֵʹţܳأôԲǵ飬ڻңʵھεúܰ
οھΣǶһֱҲǱƲѣԲ̫Σ£ԺúõĹӡ
̫үۿʪĴӦ
ԺҪúõģڡ
ҵˣڡ
οԲڵĲ㣬ǹ̫ˣŪ㣬ȫΪ̫
̫үͷʳž
һţﻹǺ̫ͬүġ
̫үվҪˣ͵͵ǵģԺȥͻ뿪⼸ҪʰĶ
ˣ˼ҶֵģǼҲңŪҲԸ⡣
ֻϧˡ
̫үˣһȴ˳Ĭ
ЩϧŪҲ컯Ūˣ˰ǲĴǼңҲôңϸӾ͹ҹϺӡ
Щп֮ǰҲй˭뵽Ϊ
ɲΪ鷳ǣοЩҲﲻæȻȥҲͰˣˣ⹫оĸӹһɣнһҲй
ȴҡҡͷĸѾڼ׼˹ĶͲһˣǾͻȥˣȵһ극ɡ
ҲȰˣȻˣԺҲǿԵġ
תʮź¥ڹŵˣȻҪѼⶼŪϲġ
üһԵĶǻȥɣ㿴дʵ̫ˡ
Ҫд˵ò׳һĻˣȻҪԶдϲ졣
ԽϵԽòÿ
гͰ״дĺÿֻ˲ٵĻ
ȴúܣϲ̵лŮԺ顣
һҲͬģҪʶֲųɰҪȻԺһĨڣɶᣬ̫Կˡ
ͷͬͬ⣬ֻҪ׬ǮǾȥһլӣȻٹ꣬Ϳȥˡ
ƻġ
ͦŴӳպ˹˵⻰ʱͬˣǿɲУʲôõģȥһ˶ʶ


376¹

Ͽ᲻뿪ӡ
ٺãڷҲȲôڡ
߶Ϥˣ˵Ҳ˰ʲô΢˵˵ҾæˣҪȥ˰ǣҶǲʶˣ˴˼Ҳ˽⣬ʲô˰æҲ
ʲôõģΪ˺Ҳȥ˵ʱѺȥ˽ӡ
ϵ뷨Щ˼뻹Ҫıġ
ЦеҪǵܵܣܵҪզأ̵ÿ϶ûаôãʱ͵ܵһȥɣѾչˡ
ϰһ۹ɣѵ⺢ӣʲôʱʼôˣ֪лŮأŮأôĴǰװ˷ˡ
ɲŲ˷ѣδѰŮӣҾԼ飬黭ʶֶԣԼ¡
ϵЦˣľùڵԽԽˣʲô˵Ҹ̫٣㿴˵ĶʲôԽԽˡ
ȻԹɣﻹǺܿĵģɵĸıܺãЩʱ룬ǰǵ˼룬ôھ˵˼ңҲֻ൱˼ңһҲͿͷˡ
Ȼ˵Ự˺ܶ࣬˵׵ģǸǸͷ˼ңЩ˵úܶԣҪıˣֻܿԼ
Ҳ϶ˣǰϵĸ첲һֻϵĶӵ󲻾þҪˣҲ֪ǵܻܵãǵܻܵöǼҵıǲӵġ
һҪü˹ϸõӣԲǰ·ߣҪֱͦȥ
汬𣬹űߵԺ棬һںЩµġ
Ҫ㱬񰡣Һ°ЩµĿһ۹ϵıܾЩ顣
Ķûйǿ죬ҲδŹû鰡
ͷЦŹɵں˰ƽʱ첻µزµģССıͰˡ
Ʋ죬䲻ԸⲻûôƽʱŪҴδŹ񰡡
Ǿӭ£ıһҪţϽô㻹£ԶԶĵȼͿˡ˵ŻĿŹɡ
֪ɵС첻һǣˣһôõı仯ɣϣɵȼиµĸõĿʼ
ɾһֻ㣬һֻŶ䣬ɫѿĵȼ˱񣬱ŵϽܽԺӡ
˴˷ı֡
ʮҪģЩ䣬ɵȼ˻Ժ棬һڻԱߣϿŹǵա
ܾûˣͻȻоܺá
Ҳһη˹ߣΪѾȥ˯ˡ
ԺֻиŮˡ
һֱҪһ͹̸ģκΣһֱûʲôʱ䣬ÿ춼ææµµŮôһѾܾûйˡ
Ƴ˼۹һֹģʲôֱ˵ɣܾл˵ġ
Цʲô㣬ʵҾ͵£Ѿ˵Ļ˵۹ߣƲ𸽽ӣ˵ټⱲӶ޲ȥкܶ˼ſǼҵЦһֱû飬ΪðǶµĺӣΪԼǡ
ƫͷŹЦһôô
ͷȷҪ֪ɾʲô
ܸܲ͸ףôġ
һֱ֪ʲôǺܼģرϻǣǵĻˣ͵͵Σɾôġ
Ժгһ˵ӰЩܵóΡ
ãȻĿɣЩΪͻȻ˵˳
Ҳ˼еµ˵ţȷͻȻ⡣
ɿЦһӶҵ˼Ӧúɡ
ƽʱװɵ
ֻ͹ڣҲ˵˵ﻰ
Ȼ֪⣬ԹôҪ˵ûбĿǲܵġ
ԹɵʵҲܴΨһϧľ˲һŵԺҪǺͳŲԣעɱ硣
̾ϢһϲǶ֪СӣֻҪһϣ֮עǲһģŲԣ޹ȥҲԿ
ĵĸԴµľǹɹòá


377

ʵԶ̬Щ
ɵΪ˶ܶ࣬Щǿ󲻵ãҪҸΨԼŬ
ЩܣʵˣԹҲûá
ЩⲻҪԹ첻
һǳҶ׸ʵģ֪ΪôŬ׬ǮôϣгһգԼҸǱƼ޸һϲˡ
ϱӱΪ뱻ȥ裬һһҪҪ
ԳкøУҲϣܸϲڴ֮ǰҪԼȡϳ
ƺ˹ɵ˼һֱԸףǲΪϲ˳
ɵͷûзϡ
˺ܺãôһֱңֻҪһ𻹵ŬδЩΪҲ֪Һ֮便ܲߵһ𣬵ײҪ̫ҵĻ£ʵ˵ûϲˣǲ˵ġ
޸һϲˣ¶ϡ
֪˵ʲô˹ɵĻидϣܸߵһֵĳǱ߲ףȻųϲɵģ˭֪˺ͳү᲻Ӧ
˲ӦŻ¿϶ɲˣܲһӶ˰ɣҪˣ£ǵ㣬ߴ·
ЦЦ鵹ǺܺãɣǰףҾʹ˵һŻ¡
ҲСˣųϲͻڴ֮ǰ׵ġ
˵̹ܶࡣ
һϹ˼
ǰãһϳԼˣһֻһ
˺ܶ࣬Ҳһֻһʮ
˷Ϳ߼Ҵˡ
˿ʼ͹꣬ǰһҲҲûųԷһ˵ڴӵܿȹ
˵ԷûжȤ
Ҳһˣƴ˼ҵ󣬴һ˾ͼȥҴ塣
֮ǰڲһһ᲻ȴû뵽ˡ
һ˺þûһԷһֱڿңɼҷ޽öûйȥһۡ
ڹһȻܿġ
⿪ʼš
Թ˵ܰģһһ𿪿ĵĹʲôá
һֱһ˲ŻȥΪҪףҪ׻ȥæ
ϲһ뵽Ҫ˾ѹֲ˵˷ܡ
һֱ󴺳ףһŻҲ⡣
ͦŴӲðæֺͽˡ
Ҳкܶĵæⶼϲúܡ
Щɬ£Ǵ˴ǮĳѣǸúܡ
վһţµ󴺾񶼺úܶ࣬˿װ仰һ㶼١
ƽʱҲȥﻨôǮѰе᲻ãеӺûƽմöࡣ
ֻǼǮ̫һ㣬һǰԴһˡ
⣬´ЦеǮֵã㲻ɺͼλӣϺÿúء
ϵͷЦ̾ͱòһˣһӾһΣƽϻǮˡ
󴺲˼ĵͷ
Ǻæµģɱæµš
Ϊ˺ƣƽԴҲȽϺãرǲҩʱֻҪܰģһᾡİңԸ֪Ҫ׵ʱ򣬺ܶ˶
ƻϯֵüӡ
ɼҺаϯľ飬ϵָһж
˶æµеȴ˹ɡ
ΪҪʲôӵ˶
ˣֻܻȥ顣
ǡ
úܲڣΪһҪһ꣬Ҫ̸۵Ķ󣬲ΪģֻΪûжס
ļöס
ǳҵĵС㣬þòȷҪЦġ
Ҳ궼Ʋ֣Ĳڡ
ҲڣΪһؼҳ˾ͻ߶˵׵飬һֱĵҲڴߴ׵¡
ú޲밲ǡ
Ʋֵĳذ̾磬ʲôʱȥɽﰡһҲڼҴȥˡ
Ĵȥ˰ÿ챻˴ųף˭Ҳ̹
ҡҡͷҲеơ
ܲУ㿴ͷϣҪˣ϶ᷢҾð׼ͦãҪͬŻ£ȥһ°׼
;ð׼˲ӴôΣƷܱ֤Ұ״϶Ǻܺõˣ¼ޣҲûʲôϵǮںЩ


378Ů

һ׼˵£˲
ŶͷԹ˵ʲôͿأ˭԰׼˼ˡ
ΰ׼׼Ҳ˵λкøУܸܵ׼ȵ񣬼ϰ׼ǹɵĸ磬˽ӴǢ
԰׼ȻҲϲģֻڷ˵ô˼ôŮӰ
ҪҲӦǰ׼ǳ̽ô˼
˳صС˼Щݣһģ׺͵Ȼ뷨Ͼ㵽˵׵ͣţҪǸı˵һ㲻ϲĻ£ʱô죬ʱҪ㶼ˣ϶Ĳˡ
˵أʵҲǺ͹ɵȥɲˡ
һˣ˵Ҳû
ʵҲһֱͻȻ˵һס
޸ϲûкøеˣȥ
ʱЩˣǸ˵ô찡ҪҰҿɲ޸ҲϲˣҾð׼˵ǲģҲҲɰһ׼ļ
ҺôҲǰǵ׸֪ĵߡ
ŵԺҪ׼ҡ
صﻰ֮󣬰ˣҲ˵㻹Ǻϲ׼ģ
غ˵ͷʱˣҲ˲ʲôˣȥҪ޸ϲˣ̸ʲôְ
ͦõģǵЩӸҲ֪ʲôУûһȵϰ׼ģ׼ĵҲǺˣǼһ㡣
Ȼ׼Ⱑ
ǳҵĵŮҪѡһܲģʶ˻Цġ
Ǻͬ˵Щο̫࣬˵齻ңʣµ㶼ܣȥ׼׼ϲҿóҪȻҲͻĸܣ޸Ҳģãҹ㡣
йɺϻа״ڣϰ׼ΪˣֻعҸٻʲôģ׼ûûϵа!óعӵġ
ůůģܸжĿųҵô࣬ɽأҿ֪Զһֱأһ岮ĸǼһ˵Զ硣
һοջ֮ͲϲˣʱһֱԱţҪôڮٹɵģҪ񰡣ǲмˣ飬ײϲɡ
һԶ;ˣ׷ʣ˵ʲôˡ
Ʋ˵ʲôû˵ɽ˼򵥣һҪʸ֦ûǼҾǼˣСһɽ㣬˿ӡ
˵ͺŶʵ̫ɶˡ
ɸͲʸ֦ˣ֪ģԶҪȢɣ˼ɲͬ⣬Ϊ˵ĹϵԶԶ
˻ŪǷء
ɫһδ̫һ㣬Ȼ˵Щ
غͬеĵͷǿɶ񰡣ɽ㻹ҩʲôģҲ룬ԶڳΪ˵ǱȲǼңɽҪʸ֦Ͳһδװɵܾˡ
Ƕÿһζװɵܾ
ЦһɽǺҪǿˣŮ˲һܾĵûӦһŬûﵽӦı׼ҲһŬԶѾʧȥʸˣҪġ
ԶЭ󣬴ӹɿԶʧ֪ԶѾʧȥ˻ᡣ
ǲԶֻеķҪУȻǺֵܣϲŮˣɲܹá
ƳĿһҪŬҪɽ㵱ҵɩӣҲ취ţˣһ׿ǴӦǹ˴ȥɽģѾ׼ˣҪҪһȥ
Ҫ˵ǳƵģһ뵽ȥ̵ġ
ôòȥǱô
ЦȻҪȥģ㿴ջæŴϵ飬Ҫȥɼң˵Ѿ޽ˣҲǺܿѯһҪҪһȥҪȥˣһԽԽġ
һҶʵˣҲã
ҪȢΪ޻ŬŬŬ
ǰ;жѶġ
ضųһĴָ޵취ܺðʵ̫ˣҪǸȥˣһɽġ


379һȥ

ǰʵǣҪȢɵĻء
ǲܵģǰҲӰǰ
ò˵صİ취ĺܺãֻҪ׸һȥˣʱ͹һҽദ˵ͳˡ
͵취ãҲþûгȥˣóʱȥߣмһ㣬׳žͺá
ɽ塣
ɲ֪ǵĳãһС
󴺳֮󣬴滹һ˼ϱ
ĿɽɣĹ뷽跨޽Ϊֻм޽ܽˮ¥̨ȵ£֪ɽʲôô׬Ǯ
ЩļȻһϵҲ˳ɰæ
֮˴ңлǺܻϲġ
ȻЩ˺ܵĮҲкܶ˰紺һҵȵȡ
滹һ飬ǹҵķȥˣҷӵĲǱˣǹҵĸھӹ
չ˼ñȽϽӶ࣬ʱԺǽͨһԺӣҵķӻǺܺõģһҲʡ˲ӣһҲͻ˶ʮӡ
ûôǮǶƴմչġ
֪Ҫʱ򣬾ùæˣǲ棬æ
صԭ򵹲Ϊɻ᲻ΪҪ̤ʵ
Ȼ޽ôõķӣȻҲȽϺãܸܵϺ͹ĵǲ̤ʵġ
Ϊͷûжذɣܸоġ
һãӹ˼Ķ
һżʮ뿪ӵʱ򣬴˵ûֻǴϧŹһ뿪
ô£һҿԹúܺõģһŪ׶Ҫֹ̫̫͹мֻǹֵ˼ҪıԶϱҲ֣ߵ˸塣
ڹ뿪˴ӣҲôҰġ
һߣ˵
һĶأǴرȽ϶˼ҡ
û뵽öʮӳĶأӵļǮ̫󣬵Ҳˡ
ƫԶĴӣõزֵۡ
ƺǺ⣬ֻѵõУǸмˣܰŽ۾ͽһĶˡ
Źݹĵɺܿĸл
ǺźصģֻǮǹһ㡣
ʱ϶ڼңǻҴȥˡ
Լֻһˡ
ŹĲ⣬ºһЦΪܾҵﲻ̤ʵûеУǻֲ̿Ҳ֪ǼҾһĶȻ׬һЩӣ֮Ҳûʣ¶٣ҸܸܵĲóѵҵļأ˵õģȽϼУԺֵҲ㡣
ﻰ
һҲֵͬǺܷ㣬ֻǮǹһ㣬ǹҲɿڣҲգˣֲҩʲôʱʼʡ
ѾˣҲûôˣһء
ϣԽԽиɾôӹøá
ϵֲׯڻĲ׬Ǯһ͸ֲҩݡ
ɾù˫ʱҲæ۵¸أȻǹӡ
˹ʶҲȽ϶࣬ĻҲȽŷ
ôһĥɺЦŹͻȻһ飬ԸԸ£ÿ¸㿪Ǯ
ܺãҺܶܶ࣬˵жҪȻһֱڷֹһңĵ׻ǾǷҺܶܶࡣ
ùæ£Ǯһ㣬һҲ㻹飬Ҳ˹Ҫǣʡ
Щȣĵһ㱣һ㳤СѾͷƬӣгϢ˰
ܹܵɵԽԽĵҲΪɿġ
ȸ˵˵ʲô¡ûмŴӦȻ֪ɲẦΪҪܲʤΡ
ɲ뵽ʱ˹Ǯȴʵ¡
ҲֱӵȥŲҩ˼ҶҪֲҩݣأµʱûйȫң̤ʵܵ˶㣬ԸĻɲʱһ߸Ĵӣʲô鷳㶼Ѽҡ
һ£˹ȻҪȰ
˵ֱһȡ


380벻

ôֱùЩ˼ˡ
ؼ˵ǶԵģҪȣΪʤľֻй
˼ЦЦ˼ɣҪһ˵ģʶмֻ˵ԸĻ԰ģǮҿ϶ġ
ʵһֱЩգΪÿһɽҩ˶Ը⣬˵ͲܽɽڣÿڼﶺŪºӣҲûҲÿζҪȥ¡
¼еģڹҵ˵飬ȻⰡ
ҹ˵ܼ򵥣ֻҪʣҲҪģͰˣҴӦ㣬õĻ㲻ҪһҪ˵
ܺõ˹ɵĴ¡
Цŵͷвͬͬ˵ĳ죬ϱϲ˼沨
Ⱳ뻻һԻܶ顣
ԽԶǣԽ˼
ȻӦˣô̸۹Ǯ飬ӳ忪ʼµʱ㹤Ǯʮһ㿴Σ
ǮҲ㲻ˣȻȲòҩ׬ǮɣֻҪ߶£Ҳû涨ÿҪ߶ٻ
ԹǮûʲô˵ģɿļǮպÿĿϡ
ûʲôԥֱӴӦǺãҾ͸ˣʱôֻܸ˵֮ǰÿڼûɺãôõ
ҲůůģǰһңҲ˺ñɡ
һ뿪ӵĹһңһģΪʲôôĲء
ô飬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ת۾Ҫ꣬ռֱͣ˹ɼſڡ
ֱӴܼĺŹɵ֡
ָ˴ӵĹɣһصʹԺ˳
ôǳҴС㣬ôððʧʧĶ˳ҵ档
Ͼһθһβһһֻͳأôûϵһ׸ˣððʧʧģԺóô졣
Ҳһ׸ˣųͷϽϴ֪ˣ˵Сһ㡣
Ѿ߳Ժӣͳؾͻϲǰյżһֱڵǣ䣬Ͻݡ
ѾȲǰŹɵ֣˳ŰѹϳصɽиϲҪ㡣
ɱسϣƿ˳
ºЦŵĳˣһʱȻûӦʵû뵽˻ӡ
ڰǵʱ˾ͺдҳ˲ǰƲˣĿ
֮ǰҲӣͻȻ˳ǰô᲻ġ
Це
˱غ͹ɷţЩĴܣƼɼ޽ԺǽͣשߵԺǽÿͻȻǲͻˡ
ЦҡͷܿģҿĶأôͻأҾһʱûӦû뵽˻ҼңҼҵңǽԺӡ
ںѾС˰ѶӣڳȻڴӣ߶ŹһѾ鷳ˣѾС˺ͳһһ˾Ÿ˿϶ȫ£ֻһλѾߺһλСˣȥĵطס
Ϻ͹Ҳߵſڡ
˱ԳغͳϤ˵һɲǶܽš
Ͼ˲Ǻ죬Ҳչ˲ܣ˽£æȥˮݲ衣
ڳ˵ԱߣЩڵĪҪǼ
Ȼ޽ģ붼룬߶÷һԱȣȫ֮
ͻȻѾܹⲻȥǰóغͳҪ˵ҪϺ͹ŵģǺܱǸⷿѾܺˣܷٴֻסһ䣬ͻˡ
û뵽ƣͻһҰǼ̫̫ˣ֮ǰҾͣκ뵽﷿̫һֱûҿڣϴغͽǼһסéݷǰò޽·һֱأһ˶ܿģֻҪ˲дܣסþסá
ĻȻûȥǣ˵˵£Ҳ֪˺ܺãǼҲչˣǼ飬Գ˸м
ҲЦǰˣһ˶ģͰס£ҵȻ³
ҲܿĳȻд


381µ

˺ϲһˣΪÿ˸ĸоôС
֮ǰڼҵʱ˵ϻж£Ҳ֪ϵͬ飬һΪ׼һЩĶ
Ѿ߰׼õﶼӡ
ϼһһĶܻ֣̿غͳÿһͺܶණЩǺֵǮģծѻ
Ҳ˵ƽԹɵչж٣ÿһγغͳӴĶǼҳԳԺȺһ꣬ڳ˻ôĲƷôʹá
һΪѵĿų˵ǼҾͺܻӭˣЩʵǲ˼°
Щһͺܹأʲô˲ѣЩǸҷ˳ԵĶ
ºһЦҵ⣬Ҫܹزأⶼҵ⣬˵£㻳ϺӱͲףҲСˣ˺һҪúõЩƷʱõˣϲӣɺعϵôãЩǴҵ⣬ĪҪ˵Ļˡ
֪Ϻ͹ǺˣҲϲռ˱˵ˡ
ǡǡ͵ľˡ
һţϻҪƴǣվ׾ĪҪƴˣⶼǳĸ⣬ҪлǺúдĸͺð
ɫΪѣջǵ˵ͷǽˡ
ϾҲǳ˵⣬һ٣ٶľܾó˲ĵġ
ǴϢ˶ܺ˼ҵķ˾ʲôӵġ
κιԺǽܸߣŽżҲԺ棬Ҳ˺ܶ˵顣
Ϊ꣬Լ׼˺ܶʳģȻһˣҲ㹻ˡ
ٽ磬һȥ׼ҪԵķˣ˵ĻҪԹ˵ʱ϶Źһ˶Ծȥջ
һӵʱͰ˲ٵ£ȻյòãڹɼҵĲãµ̨ҲȽϺá
вˣһǳɣһԿþޱȣ˫Ŀ֮ǳݣɽɣҪѧҲôˡ
ڳо꣬ҵӣ治֪Ӹô
ԺѧһʲôһԺİ˳ԣǺ
û뵽ֱӸһۣһЪ˼ɲһǧС³⴫ȥЦ㡣
û뵽ص뷨ô࣬˵˳ȴôȫȱ
λǧСǡ̫ˡ
Ʋһίɽ㲻ûڰǹʲôӣľӺ߰룬ЩһôңȥأЩСҲôңǲ֪ЩСжҪҰͽҸġ
µľЩСˣȻһֱðɣȻСҲĳǣȻǮҲǸһ㲻ø°ЩСͲ۹ⳤԶһ㣬һֱĶǼʲô¡
Цųһ޵ģ̲סŮ˰˾ǵڶͶ̥϶Ҫ޸˼ҰЩСҪͽҲϾǳҲͷģ糤ҲҲá
ϲľǹɿ佱ȿ佱İ۾һϲҸ粻ҪȻҰҸܸɣҸģǱҲʲô⣬ҲϲɩӣԺҼ˻סþסãҲ˵
ţϸĺҲõãΪ˸Ļ²ġ
ɲ֪ôشôõദҪ˵ԳûǲܵģֻǡмĲ࣬εĿһ۳صҲҺֻô˵УЩҪǴȥ˻ñЦǼʲôλǼʲôλ˵ͬˣҲӦˣǼҵףаǵЩ˻˵ģҵļǰŲԵģôᱻڸ
ʵʵЩʱΡ
죬Ĳ⣺ҾⲢҪô˵ĶӰ첻ǹӰ˵ҪϲҸ磬మͲ͹ˣˮů֪αؼƽϡ
ɰһ۳أʲôʱ˵ϲˣҵݰɲϲ磬ܳΪѾͺܲˡ
زģŲô࣬⿴һȷûˣҸϲ㰡ҲӣҸ֮ڶ˵ףѵһûܵΪʲôǹڴϵ飬ò׿мգΪ˼㣬㰡ʱľԴ


382¹

ضԹû˵ˣıôԣأɾǲܡ
һˣΪŵԸŪòһһ뻹ĺܱ
οųأ֪ڵȷ䲻磬Ҽ޸˻˵ģǳҲûкôһֱãҪҸԼȡһΪˣףһԥĴӦ
һα¶ļҲǵһǰ˵Щ
Ҫƽȵİ֮һʼͲƽȣĲҸҸ
úܳݵĿ⿴ŹɣԽԽ˰
ҸҪԼȡģ仰ǳͦù߰׼ģǲҪһ㣿߰ʾһ°׼
뷨ԺһջҡͷˣŮӼҪ֣ɲΪкøо
ɽ˵Щпܶ࣬ҲһϾ˼̫ˣǲϲŬȡһϳ
˻˵ʲôȴ
ԶҳƺûУһʱջ𣬶˲ˡ
޽ܴܿҹҲ룬ǰɼҵ֪ö٣֮Ըܵغ͹ɵɫЩԾ
ѵ˵ʲô֪飿
һ뵽ɻ˵ǲڱ˵ҵĻ
ضųƤһЦ²˵ʲô
ΣҪ֪Ĺˣصģ˵˵˵ʲô
Ȼڹǰ˵ղЩҪ˵ҲǱŹ˵
ԷܵɽأͱϹˣôҲǳҵĴӣҪ֪ֵطЦġ
Ĳ£ܰԸЦЦȥ˵ˣԺ涼ԼˣҲû˻Цҵġ
ЦһЦ㰡˵æùͳȥתһתҪǿԵĻȥݷһ´峤
⵹˳˺ܲԹһչ˺ܶ࣬ҲǳӦȥ
ھȥһݷһ£ŻжóԷҶеˡ
̨ܵ۰Ͱ͵Źŵļζ
ɴŹһʱʱɣ㾡ǡ
֪ΪΣһ̳оܰڵŷؼҳԷһ
Цת뿪
ų뿪ıӰҸҲֻǰڳһֱһЩܵöء
һֱɶóֺϲЦº͵һˡ
û뵽ǰһ档
Ĳ˽ʵʲôӲʵӡ
غԥǰӣɽǲ֪жϲ㣬ڱǰеװģǰ֪ʵ
˽Ҳ֪ʲôӵˡ
ֻڹǰԼŲαװԼ
֪Ըϲɡ
Ϊ˶຦ӵӰһڷȽ϶ࡣ
һλ
ҲˣһΧһ
˺ܺĿϵĲȣϲЩģ
Цеĵȫǳɽ֣֮׽Ҫһ㣬һʱ㶼ûʲôθڳԶ
Զ壬οǹ꣬춼Ǵ⣬Զ˾ˡ
ϵĲǻشģϲ⣬ȴϲأҲȽϲԲˣƽҲز˶࣬١
Ҫдˣ׼ǻش䡣
ζ;úܺóԡ
ȸ˺һҨһ뼦һ˿
ԥļ
ҳԷûôĽƽʱҲһ߳һ˵ҾͲһһֱϲʳ޲ȴˣ̲ס޵⼦ζãݥԼİɡ
ЦŵͷԼȥɹɵģ˶ԲˣݿôģȽϿθ
һٷ˶Թɸ⣬ôܸɵĹҪȢ˻ȥҲǳҵĸ
һ룬⣬ϵãµ˳ôõĹŵҡ
ųʳԺ߶Ŀյųĸ첲͵֪ϲɣɵüӰɾúܡ
Ըô׵ô᲻֪ϳôԵϲֲϹӿǰĹǲãңܵϵӣ¸ġ
Ҳ֪ⲻϣڹɵϡ
¹ɲͬⰡԻóŬ


383Ŭ

Ҹ̫ͻȻˣһֱûʱΪʲôΪ¼˲ͬⰡ
׹ʾ֧֣⡭еز
ųɵ㶵ӣһ˳ԴϣɵСӡ
һĻعЩͬˣҵĵǱߡ
Ҳǳ˵㣬ﻹһλȨء
Ҳظʱ˵ʲôŵԣûϷ
˰һ۳ѵֲǷǵôһ˵˵УǼûôĽҪҪõĻ£ǺֵڣǿˣЩ˼ҵС㲻ϲҪѡһףҲῪģײ㲻ģⱲӲͼ˳ô
ǼҲȱǮҲҪ̵λ
ԲӳΪƷ
жѣδйҸȻ
ллס
ſĸ˹˵ʲôȻҪֵġ
ҳŹϴĿյðϢݳȥ
ϽܹȥлĻ
۾һתƺʲôų˵ֱ۾͵ǴӦȢɽˡ
һ¾Уó˺ͳЦˡ
رǺܴˣһײ¶ˡ
ϲ̵ĵҰ̽ϢɽʵϲģڲӦ硣
ǰ件ϲúܣȴ
鼱ʵΪβӦҡ
ҲЩǣӸϽ˵
ؾеίǶҴôҪϢֻ֪ҡ
úܣȲҪ֪Ϊʲôϲͷ档
˽أ˵϶Ҫô
زҿˣ°Ͻ֪ɽƢģһҪ˵ڸŲԣһҲЦǼң˵ŬȡܹǼңȵǸʱӦ硣
ЩδӾɡ
أǸصĹ
ɱС㣬Ϣ޲ϼ޵ҡ
ɲ꣬ҲǴӳҵ棬͹ҵһܿɹġ
͵ĵͷǾˣѾͷҺϲҿɣҲǵĻ¾ܶ׬ǮٶȣҪǼҺܿ죬Ͼܸϳǣй̶ͺá
ŹɿԵġ
˵ڵ£֪ԽԽȥǰ;
֮ĪڳԺһֱڻصų˵ϲĻ
ȡЦЦɵӣ˵ǲЦɵӡ
˺ټЦôģҲֻĵʱŻ¶Цݡ
ԽԽֳ֧͹һȷľ
ɲ֪ϴʱ򣬳ĸѾͳһ
ӵڵģرǴ˶ܺƣ˴žúģԽԽΪʲôͳϲɼˣ㲻ҪȥαװԼֻҪǾͺá
غܶ£Ϊ˳νǲģֻҪһȥͻԶԶĶ㿪
ӱߡ
ںӵϣﲦŪһţ˫Ŀź档
ܰԱߣ
ĸоܺãȴеܰ
죬˳Ĭôģ
ͻȻһóЩ£عЦˣϬһ㣺Ŭһ꣬ȡɼҵǸʱ׾ûˣһǶҪŬ
ĿŹɵĲգǰеڵķɫ˲٣ҲĳԽԽСұ
ƫͷųЦ㻹֪˵ʲô
ЦŵɪҪ˵Ϭ϶Цң֪˵ʲô֪룬Ҳ֧㣬ֻҪԶסһֱڵ㣬㲻Ȣ
ЩĻ˵Ҳûһ㲻˼һжôȻ
ӶԹɶĿʼ϶˹ɣܱŮӶãЩûϵˮǧֻȡһư
ҲֻԹɺãҲֻ
ųĻкܸж
˵ôе٣ǳҴӣעҪ檵ġ
Ǻܽ£뷨˽Ů˷һˣرԼˡ
ס˹ɵ֣ܿ죬ĿŹɵ۾ֻҪ㣬ұ֤檣ҲбŮˡ
ˣ飬ԺкܶŮˣôһֱûŮ˳Ϊʲô


384

ô겻ûŮ˹øַǰΪʲôһˡ
Ѿ߶ûУһжΪϲϲһˣľֻһţһҪԼŮˡ
Щģ̧ͷЩ˵Ļġ
Ȼų˵ĻΪкܶŮҪͶͱҪóأܾˣҶԶԶġ
˵ʲôΪ֮˺˰ɡ
١ȶԶ뵽ѡǲҪġ
ܽܳҲΪҪˣԽദԽóܺãҲᣬҲϲ
ܺ¹ɲ˵Ļ˶˵ǻͷԵġ
ڣⳡ߳Ƶȴûֱ仰ʵ
ı֤ģҿԱ֤˵ÿһ仰ʵģǧȷ
ɣⱲҲֻҪԹɺãڱŮ˸ûһϵ
ɳ˱ŵ֣Ŷҵ㰡ף˳ӦþͿ˰ɣ٣Һ֮ľ벻ôԶˣУȢһŮˣЦô졣
ŮǱƲģһҲ
ôֻҪԸ׶ԣ˵뷨㣬Ҳ㣬ȫҶԸ㣬Ӧһ죬Щ˵Ҿ͵Ľˣ밡Ӷ⣬ϵãµ˳⣬˵˼ңŮ˳ӻʲô
һֱϲֹ˵ӵŮˣҹ㣬С㣬ʵʲôᣬһӶ֪Ϊʲô
ŮȢؼҳ˻ṴĶǣ˻ӻʲô
ŮһҪԼ룬ڲͬȻضԷģʱ֧֣ʱûϵţ
ɱĻЦˣЦҲеС㶼˼ҸΨһһľǣûôãӹñȽ϶ˡ
Ϊˣ˺ܶණҪʲô˸費ˣΨһıԼŬԼ̤̤ʵʵߡ
۵ĿŹɣܶʱ򶼻ɹĿӣǰĹĺ
ɸĹ˲ٵĿӡ
Ĺۡ
ɣԺҲǰĿӣʲôᣬʲôҲһٻ
ø˵˺ܶ໰
ɻδһôܡ
ԶЦˡ
˺ܺгһ𣬶ûŹһץסɵ̵ְġ
׼˹ɩӡ
׼ʱ䣬Ӧȥһˡ
ĿˣԶԶľͺʱˡ
ɺͳŻعһϦѾɽ֪Ȼһ硣
վŰѹܵģܺ棺̸ôˣûɽӦҵɩӡ
ɵֺˣͷҲ֪˵ʲô
ȴԹĿһ۳صѾͷ˵ûԸˡ
˷ޱȣҪĽ
ЦǰŹɵֱۣɽ㣬Ҹ˵Ŀġ
ѹеĽߣ̧ͷҲý˳ųɣɵĻֻܿˡ
Щ˵̫ڣ;òӦİ¶
ȴģҺܶⶼڸ𣬶ҩҪģĿľҪﵽɡ
Խϲʲôʡ
οɰģֻչҩݱǣʲôġ
Ҳ⡣
ŹЦеҸڲµģҵ˵İǿأϵⶼ
ɵǴδɹı¡
Ӧ˵һֱųһˡ
һߣ鼫ãǿ·ߵĻݲݶø
һصңϺͳ˸ܵ˵ĲͬٶһĹܵ˹ɺͳ֮ƺ˺ܶࡣ
Ѿϻй˵Լ뷨ͬһŻµģֻҪ׾Ͷס
ɵĻϺ͹еĽһֱΪɵĻµǣ˳˵ĻһŶ衣
ԽԽϲ뵽˵ЩԶįӣԸҵɵӳ飬ܱ˹顣


385´ұ

ĵģصĴյ˸ǰһЦģ
Цݾóףɺͳ֮϶ˣҲġ
ѡϱһҪģҪƷһҸ涼ܺãǼƷǺܰģ֮ǰĹһҲദĹɵĵﲻǺദˣһνӴ׵İˣɵĵﶼǺˡ
ܸһõĽ
ԺͬɺͳĻ£Ҫˡ
Ҳ˽ɣɺͳ֮ľҲ׹ɽ˳
ӳһҾ;⺢ӲǰҲ͵͵ܺͳһҲġ
Ҳֻһ룬û뵽һһ
֪˵ʲôĵ׻ǺܿĵģϽк˽¡
ɺͳõ飬ߵĵﶼ˵һ˵
鵱Ȼֲɿڡ
ȵ˶֮󣬳ܳϿҵĸҺˣ׾ס
϶һۣϵЦ˿ûΡ
˹һЦǻϲǺ°ͬ
δֱӱ뷨ǿɵ𣿡
бҪ֮ǰ˵һпɵģҪһ׼ȷ𰸡
Ѿ˳ѾŹˣã׾Ͷס
һ׵ı飬̹Ȼһֱܶ£СС鶼ٳ֣֮ǰҲӦ㣬뷨ˣ뷨
ϸͬ˼
Ҳعɵľο⡣
һֱЦݣɵԽԽºͣϵӣǰŹɵ־ֱӸȥɾܾĻᡢ
Щֵ̿ĸҲҪ
Щ˰ܹģһȥΣһ¼Ǯˡ
ҳϵĶвô
°ôô¡
º͵ĿŹɣ΢΢һЦӱ£Ϊ͸ģɰͰ⣬ʲôģʲôҽˡ
Źɵ̵֣ġ
ȫѹֲеĿİ
ɿһ۳ȴһģڹӡ
ܵľһ򵥡
Цеĵ°ɣӿǳҵĴұأ̴׵ģ״㣬ԺǳҵĶϱ
ϲúܣܼ޸ĵ¡
һԭǳҵĴұֻϱĴұ
ȴһץס˹Ҫº͵ĿŹɵҪǲ׻ĵģûϲô
֪ʲôʱɲù
ҲЦǰҪǲһĵģʸµģҪǺˤͲˣشӽһͿʼĥţʲôķͳȥ
׵˭ȢһĶϱس뷨Ȣһӵ飬ҪǿȳȢһϲĹһӶòĵģҲûдߴٹкܶҪǼҵˣҲƲϵġ
Ϻ͹վһҲеãȻ޴룬ǹصƷͺµˡ
˷ſ˹ɵ֣ȴǰŹɵֱۣͷЦɽ˰ɣҪȥȻȥ漸վͻؼˡ
ﻹû湻ܾ˹һң˵Ҫذǵ¡
ذǶ಻氡ҪЩˡ
ѹͲȥҪڴһʱ䣬ôҲȻذǺá
Ҳܻ䣬һ۳أֵѾͷҰ߻ˣôҲǳҵĴС㣬ǻ˵أ˵ǲǸøѡһźʵĻˡ
Ѷӵ鵣ˣֿʼŮˡ
صĻҲһֱѹؿڡ
ŮĻ£׵ô᲻ء
üױ𼱰ȵ綨֮˵ҵ鲻úʣ˵ˣҲ֪ûҿϵģЩӵʲôõģ뿪˼ʲôǣҪҵ䶼ҡ
ЩӵһֱмЩ׵ǻ
ƲЩˡ
ҡҡͷеЩҲϣΨһϵԶֲʣǲôദġ
ɲϣԼŮ޵ңȻźš


386³Ҫ뿪

Ҳ֪һЩ£غͰ׼ߵúܽ
Ǽ׼ģȻ֪׼ɹףˣ׼ǸúӣǺϲ
Ȼ㲻Ǹ£ҲǸһͲҪóȥֻϣһϲģ.
Ϻ͹Ҳ˵أôĻҪô򣺡Ļ¶ˣʱûˡ
ͷһĵģ
Ļ¶˵һʱȥͺˣԸɽѧء
һֱܳݹأŹô֪Ľ
֪ػǺܶµģڹɵߣҲչһ¹ɣƽʱĶඣҲȰ˵ɣȥҲûʲô£ڰҡ̫Ҳãڴ죬ڲõĵġ
غܵƤĶųüа룬ƽʱڹǰ˵ûҲû˵绹
ҲغܶµģҲϲȻҪ£°ɣ漸ȥ
ҲһҪػȥεĿһ۳أѾͷǺܵȻ¾ɣһѾȥڴ̫ƤˣôǳҵĴС㣬һһ˿أ˵л
ҲϣܸѧһѧأððʧʧӲУҪˣҲϲ
˵ﲻ֪࿪ġ
˷ܵǰų˵ֱ׶ˣ׷ģһɽĻԲ߰飬Ҿͻؼҡ
ڹɼҴգҲŻؼˣϾô󣬳̫Ҳ̫ãкܶ鶼Ҫ
뿪ʱ᲻ã뿪ǰϣùȥһȦ
Ҳû̫ԶȥݺĻƾء
ɫû׵ĺվڻƾص棬ɶڰβݡ
ʵҲе᲻ã̧ͷųҳҲ˵ٵһҪȥˡ
̫ú±˵л۾ô࣬˻˵ġ
Ҳкö໰Ҫ˵ûпڣҲ֪˵ʲôá
᲻õĿŹɣ˹ǰ᣺Ҫǵҡ
⻰ֻģҧҲҪҡ
һı֤һܶܶ飬ʱʱ̶̿㣬֪𣬴ϲ㿪ʼҲžϣŸоⱲûа׻һҪףһҪҡ
ڴľˣͲס
ܸܵİ⣬㾭⣬һҪչ˺ԼرҪע֪𣡰ȫҲע⣬㿴ôңƽʱһҪ֪֪
˵ʶԼıˣǰԲᶣЩģ̲סȥ
ϴЦҲֵãֻܰ뷨£һжң鷳ңһҡ
һ̣ɾ;Լҵ˿ɽǰû˵鷳ôôȴԸΪô顣
һʶҲܾˣʶʼƺڰر̤·ô˳Ҳȫܸм
ģ鷳ˣ϶һʱ㣬мҪ㡣
˰׼֮ǰ£׼Ѿȥ˰ǣߵʱѯô⣬ΪϲأڼֻܰѰС
ڳҪ̽̽ܲܽܰ׼ġ
֪Ҫʲô
ʲô˵ɡ
ҿ˿ȷû֮ʵΪ˰׼£Ӧøܵ˰׼ϲذɡ
Ȼ֪ģʵⲢʲôܣ˵֪ˣҲ֪¡
ͷ֪ԲŸ׼ôĻᣬЯ
Ȼ֪׼ǰɹףҲ֪׼Ϊ˾Тֳ˺ܶ۶ӡ
Ҫ˵Ļ׼ҵȷۣ׼˵ƷȴǺܺõģǰ״ϣǰ׼˶ֱϣܼһİˣһһⰮģʲôľͲҪˣլ̫ˣƢˣʱֻղġ
Ϊϰ׼Ż׼ôĻᣬк¶Ѱ׼ϡ
һλõĴ򣬷չԺҲǺܲġ
˲˳˼¶ЦݣҲð׼˲üأ˵ǺùʵǶǼҲ̫࣬ԡ


387̸

ЦοֻҪ׼ϽģһֱԤȥĻҲͬ˵Ļ£»ÿô룬Ŀǰض԰׼кøеġ
Ŀǰһжܺõķչȥ˲ûпһ
뵽ɰ׼ڱԭ򣬲ǵҪôϵʱͬͰ׼һҲ׼һΪһֱѰ׼硣
ʵʲôĿҼ̫ˣҲЩ˼ôģֻ֪ܶ˶ںɣǰҼ׵ĶһЩǼرģкֵܶȢϱģǸʱҼĶǸ΢ͷˣٺٵף˵ҲΪǼҽùˣЩ˵̬Ҳ͸ıˣһֱ䲻㣬ҪŬıøãҲֻǲ˵̫лֻΪͬһ𣬽֪һֱ밡ҲҪģһԼ׬ֻҪúðҾ㹻ˡ
ڴİô򵥣ֻúõİͺˡ
ڵһΪ˼ҶܶһҲΪ˽ܶ
ϱӵ̫ңĵҲࡣ
ػһͻȻϣʼ󳹴
һжҪԼõġ
ȫ׵ĹϵΪҪʱ㣬ʱô죿
Ǹʱûã󳳴ָûãһ޶ϵֻԼѿ
۹ɣرǹ˵ҪŬøõʱͻȻ˺ܶණ
ɣҪ֪᲻׬ǮҶһӵģ׬ӶģôԣⱲҲģֻʵⰮһˡ
˵Ķ滰ݺݺٶģⱲֻйɣŲԶ˵ϲɣȢ˱Ůӡ
뵽֪Զ׵ôͳʱ򣬲ھǳ׵ģΪȢǵ˼ҵǧһжھǾеģΪ̫ԶҲûȥ
ʼɶԶĶ¥鳹׵ĶԶˣΪԭ²ˣҪ˵ڶԶʲôֻ̬ǵѹϵɡ
һ֪ףʱȥǻѡģʱҴ
Цŵͷ
Ѿ׵ĺˣ߻˼ҡ
ڶģ˾ͺͳ뿪ˡ
󣬳ظ˵˶طɵ׺͸ˣ⼸ýȥץ㶼˵һһȥɽСϪ׽з׽࿪İ
ڰǱˣܲˡ
òӣͷһ£ڿϲˡ
εƳһ۳أҪǿ϶ȥ
̫ˣҲǳؿɰĵط
ƲƲǰҲҲˣһԺɩҾͿİǰµ˸磬ȻҸȢһܻɩӣôЩŽӽҸŮҶϲɽϲ㰡ҲҲرİ㣬һҪһ˵˵ҩݵɣһЩҩݵ֪ʶһصǣҾͿ԰æˣʱ粻ڣЩͿԽҡ
黭ᣬһܺã֮ԲЩҹÿڼ廨Ϊ廨ĺÿͶ̶ʮ꣬ΪʲôԼϲ顣
ҶѧˣΪʲôҪһֱȥֲǲʱڱĵط
⻹ǹɵһ˵ҪѧȻҪˡ
ѧҾͽ㣬ҪúøѧҪǿСҪŶղŲ˵Ҫ׽ôҴȥɣҽҲûʲô£䣬ҪץҩɲףɽСϪϪˮˣúʣҴȥ㡣
СϪᾭܶĵطγˮ̶Ϊ̫䣬ˮҲˮ̶ѾӲԶдӣҴȥӱߣӱ̫Σһ㣬ĳ顣
ϲ̵ĵͷֻҪȥ׽㣬Ȼǹ˵ʲôʲôˣҹɶࡣ
ɽǣҰҲ°ǵȥе㲻ðɣһҸʱ򣬲ںɽˡ
ɿЦãһҲûȥҪȥĻҿ϶Ҫŵģ󴺸粻ڼңҵȻȥСֵǽɽǻأҴԶǸҵѧģġ
ҲûųȥɽУ̫ɽΣգ׽ˡ
ظϽȥѣҪ˹ƽʱũѣ˿װûػ˸ũ·˲С椡
ȥ˹Сֵܣֵû£ˬĴӦˣҲŹɶһȥɽ档


388Ȥ

⼸Ѿֳﻮӵ¡
Ժյģſ֮ǰҪҩݼӶãһڽʱеطɹ
Ͼ֮󣬴˾Ҫʼµظɻˣһֲҩݣעæµ
ɰѼ鶼ź֮ҪĿľء
ѵһδ˵һַ֮ͬһʱضܼÿ춼Ҫ߶ü飬Լãӵжǿҡ
ַڵʱصıԸ͵òͷţòַˣȻҪóؿˡ
СֵܱŴԵĹߡ
мС˵Ҫȥɽ棬Ҳ˽
һȺ˺ƺƵȥ˺ɽ
ѩûڻѹ˺һѩ֦ϣݲ϶аװ׵һѩװعÿ
ɴųм䣬Сں棬ֵǰ棬ܾĿܡ
κʱãرǽ֮ȺͺܿɲǿЦġ
ǳһȺҰҲġ
ӸҲҰҪˣ˵˻ˡ
дҶСģ³ʲô⡣
һʱûѩûлѩ֣ô

ɽ̫ÿˣǰڰǿԶֻһСǵķ羰ѩʱ棬ǸʱҾ氡ҪתһȦҲǺõġ
һֱûԺܻϲ
ںĹСεСΪһμʣڴӵ˰һļ˾;õһġ
Ͳʲôÿģһ
ѩô㣬Ҳ֪Сôϲġ
ЦеĻͷһ۹С͵ûӣĹ˲֪жɹ˵秵ģϸҪˣ·̫Ҳ̫ŲŲģԶֻл԰һǣҪҳˣ÷ˣĶô֣ôİѩ
òľĽõġ
δõڵõʱ͸ϧ
СץץԴЩ˼ҾһˣСɱҼƽϣ氡ܼ֮ĢأȥֻŲҩû˲Ģ
ǰʱÿ춼ɺܶĢؼɹȵûв˳Եʱ򣬾ͰĢóȻϴɾˮݺԣҪĻһ⣬ζ͸ˡ
ȥֻ׬ǮˣǿĢҲԸɣϾ̫ռλã¨ôҪװҩݡ
һ˵ĢȤȤŨҡ
Źɵ־ʵɽ㣬С˵ôʱܲĢ
ûвɹĢء
ɳЦˣɣȵյʱ˵ףȻͿˣʱҵ;˾˴ɽĢĵطкܶĢֻҪһ꣬ĢʹðˣʲôԾҾúܡ
˵ӸɽϾಢ࣬Ϊر࣬ҪĢҪɽϲɣǼÿɵĢ࣬Ͼ˶ΧǼɽͷɣһ࣬Ҽ񵽵Ģˡ
˲ĢʱǺʹԺϽ塣
ô˵ضɽһжġ
һȺ˺ܿ͵СϪΪİȫ⣬ֵֻıԵͣˡ
ϪˮѾˣǰˮ̶Ȼ󣬲ȴһı
ǰñ治ʯͷҿѾˣǼҲţϽȥ𡣡
ָŸļĺʰ
ЩƽʱڴƤ˵ģһ˵ߺܿˡ
ϲûִСƢ
Ժ͹ɼʯͷһӡ
Ȼ˾Ϳջˡ
СĹɺͳ£ʵǲλﶯ֡
Ӻأǰæ
Ǻܿͼ˲𣬲ѩڸǹĲ𶼺ܳʪСʱ׼¨汳ŵǸɵĲ
û뵽Сֵ׼ô֣ǳݡ
ɰŰѻ
СϽѲżĲڻѵıΧţҪѲ𿾸ɣȻźա
ǼëӸϽȥҼľȻǳԿ㣬Ǵһ῾
ڴʱһŸӵĺӣͻȻӲóһֻõļһ˷ܵС磬׸ҵģҴɽųԵġ


389

Сʶģһ񶼿ˮˣ˫۷ŹǰѽлУлһô󷽣ȻԽл
һֻĻǮˡ
ýлĺ椵ĵܵ⻢ӣòͷԣǾݾݵģо
⻢һ˵ƽɽԷɽҲԸҽ֮ǰһͼ޸˹ɽˣɽһңֻҽѾ˻ӣһֻɶɽҩ׬˲Ǯ˵ֻܰĳԣҪǾúóԣǿԼųԣųҲԡ
ɱ⻢ӶЦˣҲЦš
Сܵʵ̫ɰˣЩǮţǼƽˡ
ֱӰǮͭǮץ˳⻢ӵС
һͭǮ˵ҲʮһʲСĿˡ
ĺӿûùôͭǮ⻢ͭǮ֪ˣЩɡ
֪صƢͳȥĶ;Բջȥ
ЦŰοֻ¾ˣǳС⣬ҼǵóСĺþˣǷҲ࣬¡
˹ɵĶ񻯣⻢ӻǰͭǮת۾ͷָ⼸ӡ
СɲлѾ˻
һߣֵڵ㡣
ڵ㶼ˣرĺõѾȰƴ㱻˵ϡ
Сѻúûˣóغ͹ɸһȥˮ̶Ͽ㡣
վˮ̶ϺܽţҴ˵Ϊĳ̫˰ֵֻܰ㹳Žˮһܳһ㣬ƺֻظѣ򾣬Ȼ˦ͣһʱѾˣļ㻹ģдСҺüƷ֡
ɰ㶼Ŷһˮ̶ƺܶ࣬ӿ๻ֹ֮ͣ˵㡣
ʱŸҴ˵̲סһζûô㣬û뵽ɽСϪȻô㰡
һֱΪɽСϪûʲôġ
ЦŽͣȴİõˮ̶СϪξǴӣÿˮʱܶˮ㣬Щ̶һֱûиɺԹˮ̶ģȻҲͶˣɽСϪϸۣ̫С뿾ģڿֻˣҲҴ˻Ȼ
Ϊ֪Ҫɽץ㣬Ҫɽԣֵ׼Ķȫư˵ˡ
ضôûʲôҲãҲã֮ܳԵζͳɡ
ο㻹ǹ󣬷ֻҪǹķ˶óԡ
ӺǼһһ߿һ˵
ǰɻʹĺˣ֮ƺЩҲԸΧˣҲԸ˵ϻͬĺ١
֪һʼѡľһͬĵ·עǹ¶ġ
㣬ǿһȺòֺϢһᣬؾŻȥˡ
ѩأ˽ˣȻȤô䣬ﻹǹⲻȥġ
ųزŻصӣ˵ˡ
ͼһΣɸϽųػȥ
ڶҪСһ㣬һʱͲҪȥ߶ˣԽԽһʱͿˡ
ʱҪСģϾʱܳ֡
غ͹ֵĽӡ
һӣɾ̲ס˰
ǿĵģѵһΡ
ºһЦŹɵͷſأôôϲˣҾ͹ɣؿҸǴ˺óԵġ
˵ŻԳ֡
ен˵Ҳǰ׼мһϵȻн
ôϵ˼ųص־ߡ
Ÿȷòϰߡ
һμϵʱͰ׼̫ϤͰ׼֮һϵ֮񿴵ϣⲻõĽš
ϰϵʳеݸ˳صڼĵģȻûаǸӵĺóԣȴԼģζرɸϽһòóԡ
ûŮ˹ŮúҸٿأҲ֪׼ûǸȢء
Աÿһ뵽صļԱڵ׵״˵Ļˡ
ŵԲҪҪమ
ʱڵˡ
ֻϧˮתǰɼҵļã˳ҵļãǼһĲô
Щ˼ĸлŹɾͳӣʳôе֡


390³

ؾ;ðɣһͦõģҰ׼ҲЩӵ̫̫ܺࡣ
׼ûбףûףһҲ𰡡
ǵЩӸ磬ûĶġ
ŹɽӣʳзϣǳĿŹɵ˵׼˺òá
ЦųأºһЦǰŹϣ˵ϣĿųص׼Ǹܲˣ̤ʵܸɣҺϽģ֪ԼҪʲô֮ǰϲңһҲ㣬ֻǰɸ磬ǵĸҲֻ֮顣
һûҪأҪǲĸߣָغͰ׼֮󣬻ʲôʡ
֮ǰѾ˵ԼĵĸܣĲ֪ôѡˡ
ͷص˵׼ǸˣһʱѾ˰׼ܶܺõĻᣬֻҪ׼̤̤ʵʵ£һܵĿء
ɲ֪ôȰ˵ǵأؼĻҪԼ뷨ϲ׼֧ģģܷʲô飬Ƕ֧ء
óؾ̫ˣʵҪǿ˰
ϲ͵ţﶼжԷǵҲֵõġ
غܸмĿŹɣŲĸ˺ܺãһڰǵʱ͸оǸˣڵȵȿ׼Ҫ׶ףֻ񲻹ˡ
гǰ棬Ҳһϡ
ϸûЩЦƺ̫Լ뷨ˡ
쿴ŹɵǶ̫뷨ˣС͹Ӹ綼Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣҺ͸ȴһֱҪ׷ԼҪġ
ǼҵĽйϵһ˶ôظ
ϱ˳ܵӣЦЦԼ뷨ûʲôã˵ˣһӵĴ£һ໥ϲһ£ΪĹϵ˵һ㲻ϲ£ĻһӶҸһӾôΪʲôȥѰԼҸأĻѾǻׯ˼Ҷˣϲ磬ҪøãҪŬһ㣬ȡ硣
һжҪԼǼδҸ
ӡ
ЦеĿϵҲǷˣóϲء
ûôĹرϿصǴȰӣ˼
ЩźϧǼұȲǼң׼һλ˵飬ҿŽúܣҲ֪Ǽǵô
ϻûи˵ɵ£ɺͽѾˣѾͷǿҪȵ׵ʱٶס
Ϻܻϲ֮ǰһֱɺͰ׼Ļ£˵ɺͳѾˣȻĲѣǺ°ҪǼҰ׼ܳҾͰˣǺõģѵÿôõĹһһ
Ѿ˰׼һΣܸ׼ľ׼һӡ
ڻһжҪ׼ġ
ҲΪʲôôǵԭ
οҿ˲ֺˣ룬ظľͲӦɺͽĻˣ˵ˣ׼Ҳų˿ϵġ
ҲγҲҪ
Ҫ׼뿪ˣʵ᲻ߵģҪǲߵĻɾһֱûʱ£֪ɺæġ
ɿųؽԶڵҲЩ䡣
ڴͬ˻û˵ϻģοЩ֮˵Ļ
߳ɵļһѵ䣬Ͻůů͡
Ŀһ۽Զȥתӡ
ľϿʼ˽ԺܿԺһľϡ
һҪļҪܺܳʱģ֪ЩӲʡһλ˺ܶ˼ӵľ϶ȥľģȻҲҪľ
Ҳʼæǰæ
ԼһжȻġ
ֻҪûɼµģæڵأΪҪҩˡ
Ҳдţ˸Ͻҩ
һпɣ١
º˫Ӹиɾ
Ϊȥ׬ӣ֮ǰ׬Ӷ࣬˵лĽҲðˡ
ףҪϺӵðͽɡ
ǰڹǰ˵лڹǰҶ˵һ仰෴˵ֺõĻ
ı仯ǹɸܵˣҲоˡ
ԽΪҲȽϰģµľǽϲ˫һģһжǺõġ
ڰҲæµš
ϿŴЦϱˣôûϱ


391

鼫ãЦ˵ˮûĥˣæҲûȥҪ˺ӿɲ¡
ľܱӣɲǶš
ϱ˺ȻҪúѲеϱ°
˵ˣڼﲻȱһӣڼú㷹͹ˡ
һջƺǺа
ЦŹɣɣ˵ͳҹӵĻ²Ҫˣô㶨װҪ˵͸ð¶
ⲻǺʲôõķչô
ôǮҪǱǮĹȥô졣
ɲһ㣬ܱߵˣ֤Էİ
ԸһӲףҲҪһమġ
ϲϵ̬ȣ˼ҳϲɣҪֻ߰ͱˣ˼һҪһֱ۰Ͱ͵һֱɣͱ²Щˡ
˵껹һ۽ϣǹɺͳҹӵľ
ڨڨģеΡ
͵͵һ۹ɣֹɾûһջ𣬲һεĵǸҾǵ㣬ûб˼ϡ
̧ͷһ۽ϣҲϼƽϡ
ЦЦ֪ΪҺãһʱ͸Ŵú춼ǺãǮʱһǽ㣬𵽴˵ģҪæҲӦ֪֪
һֱ˵£ǲ뽭Ӧˡ
з磬ۺҲУҲС
ҪˣʲôСĻһҵľߵˣҡҪһ䡣
Ȼƽʱ鲻ףЩ黹Ǻĵģͷ㰲ģҲôɵȥӦģǼܹϺӶ㣬˭֪治Ϥ˻᲻㣬ʲôҶ˵һҿԱ֤
Ű
ڰյ˹ɵż֮󣬵һʱ뵽ľǰѶ͹
һһ˴ӣ˺ܶ˵Χۡ
ЩҩݶǺռģҪǰҩݶȥ
ʼæŵ֪ͨˣΪҩ̫࣬ܰҰ͹ȥôҹá
ҪľǰҰȥ֪ͨˣô
ǿҩݣЩҩеӣеǸЩҪֲġ
ƾļǮܸߣҲкܶƾ
һˣѸ֪ͨ˶֪ͨһ飬ʱ򣬹ɼſѾΧһȦˡ
ϵĶѾжҲ뿪ˣźܴһ
ɰ֮ǰǼǵᣬֵľ͹ȡӡ
չ죬Ϊ֮ǰͳƵʱÿÿֲҩݶһЩ˼³ԿÿҩݶֲһЩҲڷֵʱ鷳
ܺãһ԰æ
չҩݵ򣬴ҶʣŶһֱŵ˴Ĵϡ
ǿɽӵˣһˡ
ëʣȡһ˾ϻһ֣һֱ̫бǰȡ˲ȡꡣ
æһһˮûȹǿڸúܡ
м䲢ûʲôìܣҪȻʱ࣬Ҳۡ
ʰ׼ټʱһλµĸ˼ææˣЩɵʱͼеĴɳˡ
ʶ˵ģǸڴӣƽΪͦƵġ
ӽģù΢΢е㵣ǣϾôУҲʲôˡ
οӵʲô˵ء
ҲЪһᣬ˵
Ҳ·ʲô£ۿžҪˣҪٳ£Щˡ
ЪϢһ£һ󣬲ŻǴһλ̣һ˵Ҫ̲Ʋ磬ʲôԷǲ˵ֻ˵Ҫ֪Ǽʲôط˶鷳ģס̣ҸϽǣǼǲ
óȻ鷳أνз磬˭֪ԷĿʲô
˶һ㣬ԶóȻ˵ʲôء
ô˵ҪѰùͬŴ˹źá
ĴС飬ʶʲôˣɶ֪ġ
Ǽһ治ʶʲô̵˰Ȼ˼ңҲûвĵ
ɸϽ¸ӻȥ˳Ű˴
ܿҲ֪£϶ɻ󾿾˭ǣϾ̵˻治ʶ
ӺĻˣ滹һƤ
ڴھͣ£ǡùɺ͹ڵš


392¹

Ѿȼ˺ܶѡ
Цǰø˵ݣҾ͸ˡ
˵أͼһλаĸˣ˵ĳ͹ơ
ɻ󲻽ĹŻһˣЩ
ĸˣڿ̲֮סĿ
һֻŶӣһֳֻڹԱߣ˳֮Щ𡣡
͹ѾʮûˣʱҲ˶٣һʮȥ˴˼䶼б仯ġ
ƺЩţվǰľʮûãôһֱѶΪⱲӶҲˣû뵽ˡ
ֵÿĵ飬ǳֵÿġ
վŵһλʮӣȻñӣǲ԰׵ͷǴñ¶˳
˵һλˣ̣ϴλӱǹķҲĹøɡ
еĻѱ½˹ȥ˫ͽҲŻվһԡ
ҲƲסǰŹͿ
һˣһΪⱲӶˡ࣬ôһֱ˼żˣʱ޿̲ڹš
ʮҲϴȥ˺ܶط˺ܶˣΨһ˼Ǽеˡ
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ܼĵײ֪ж࿪ġ
Ҫ˵ΨһùĲµľǹΪǼΨһõģôһֱڵš
񿴼ˣβġ
סӯ˾ͺã˾ͺá
ǰŹ˾ͺãһֱڵأǰ컹ڸ߶㣬˵ҪѰ㡣
ֻſתӵҷ
ŹҲǸ˵ģڻŹǣĺøдǰ̫æûһ棬һ·;ҲˣϽ˵
ǰкɺһùãǵùһϲŹɵ־ǰߡ
û߼Ƽ˹ɼҵԺӡ
Ż˽˭ҵԺӣ޵ôÿߵʮӵı仯ܴ󰡡
ߵʱǼǵõģȫǵͰéݷôÿשߵԺӣɲѰ޽ġ
һЦǵļҰ
ӿǾ˹뿪ʱʲôˣʵҲΪܻһӡ
ڿôõլԺȻǼңʮ꾿ʲô
ɻô
̫̫͹̫үʱеһѾˡ
һԵĹɸϽùãе㸴ӣǽݺ˵ɣڴֻǼˣ͹̫̫ˡ
ûкүү̣û󲮣ҲҪù׼
ôҲǰܵģ˲˼
ɶֱӺ֣м˲õ飬˴ӣȴˣ룬һǹ̫֣ڴȥˣ뿪ˡ
ĵڻûʱ֪۰ǹʵĶɩ۸ģȻǼõˣ̫۸ˡ
̾ϢһЩεû뵽ջߵһʮһ˺ܶɡ
һȺ˽ӣ°˩úŽԺӡ
Ժƻͨ˫ȼ裬Ҳȼ˺üյ͵ƣⶼõġ
ֺͽæµ׼ʳ
ڽԺ֮ǾȣԺӵĴû뵽ġ
һ¾̲סѯʵǷˣ
ҲЦŵһŮҲ滹ڴļӣҩ⣬ⶼɵĹͣȥ׬һӣ޽Ժӡ
˵ɾԺһŮ
ܾȣȫû뵽һжйء
ˢˢĿ˹ɣر´ŹɣƺЩţѰһѾͷȻ⡣
ɸܵ˸ӵĿ⣬̲סЦùú͹øǲǻҰҵ˵Ķ滰أǼڵȷҩ⣬ʱ˵Щˣùú͹øѵûһҪסһʱ䡣
ĵΪһҿģǺܵǹ̫̫͹̫ү磬֪ȥʲôط𣿡


393渵

һλҲҪһ˫ס
ҡҡͷ̾ϢһЩӵߵô귢˺ܶ飬仯Ǵǰ꿪ʼ
ǹһ귢Ŷ˵һ顣
ҲЩŭˡ
ô־ȻҪɱ㣬ΪһͷҰ𾪣ϸһ룬չӻпǸΪӾײϵģǹ顣
ҲЩ䣬˵һʱ̫ˣһжôƽ
ڶ뿪˴ӣȥʲôطҲ֪ҲûϵˣΪǿиǶϾϵҲˣҪȰ˵ҵĻͲ˵ˣеĿ˶֪
ϲȰ˵۶ϣܸš
δҪȰ˵ЦЦѵ˽ңǼȻôĺҲֲ㣬û뵽ͿΪô˵ŮˣȻѴɩˡߵĲףһλҪҪǡ
ǷǲֵˣҪ˵вôǺ޹̫̫͹ġ
Ͼˣһۡ
ǰѾͻ̹ȻһЦͶסһʱ䣬ô
һֱŹ֮ǰ˵ԺùˣѰһѰ
Ŀһ۹뿪ɽǾĴҲ֪̣ϴ⣬ммⲻǺ˳ҳ˲ٵĿͷһãҲ˾밲ҵϼںԶԶĵطϴδŲȥһˣ˶ûˣֳˣһĥļҼȻǾڴӸһأСԺһӾ͹ˡ
ԹһŵùҲôҸ׬һЩӣֵַĵû⣬ұΪﻹڴӣȻˣҲ֪ȥѰ֪ûԺҪġ
뱼ˣϾʹˣôҲˡ
ҪڴӸйҲ໥Ӧ
һҪԺӣЩΪѵʱס°ɣԺӵ鲻Ҫż˰ǴҲãһʱĿҲҲʵģֻĵš
뵽ϣϵԺ棬ϵⲻǺܺѡõĻҲ׬ʲôǮϾƹԱߣ֮ǰɵԺӵԱߵ̾Ҫģǵ̺СԺ俪䣬ֻǹùú͹øסĻҲˣǰĵ̻һС⡣
֮ǰϵʱ֪ܶϢǾƹϰġ
ƹϰһֱһ棬ΪǮһֱûȥ
һǰһϵǲѡ񣬶һһСҲĵúܡ
ϲеҪôܴܲȥ
ɵͷǴӦ
͹Ѿʮ겻ˣ˴֮˵Ļ
رǹϸѯô﷢£֪ʷؼЩȱºҲߡ
ĵ̾Ϣһ͹ٶ˹̫үҲ͹ʷȴףõԸǽȻͬġ
ĿһֱڹϣҲ
һ˵Ŀƭ˵ģһһܿǺġ
ֺͽѾ˷ˣ˫ӣһ̲һ¿ʼԷ
ڼˣﱾһӣϺ˫һӣһӣʣµıǹһӣʣһĿͷðŹס¡
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬˾ˡ
к֪ܶˡ
ĳô˻Ŀ
û뵽ʱô죬һʮȥһǺ͵һġ
˴˵ĺ棬һԺΧ˺ܶˡ
Ҳ˵뷨Цó۽ָҳԡ
͹ʷȫһȻô˵Ŀޡ
òΧŵ˶ɢˣʰһ¶ڹɵĴȥϡ
Ϊɺ͹ڳ档
Ϲͺ˺ܾã۵ľǹɣ˭û뵽ɾȻôȻ⡣
ҲƾŹϵӣǲġ
˹Ļ
˿̿Źɣкοû뵽ôǼҹôãĺܿġ


394

ҹĿģûһ㼵ʵ˼
룬Ǻкñ
ɿЦһػһǼѾˡ
һֱڱǼңĺҲǺò׻ϵģôʵã˳ӣߵȫҸɵһһгǵİ˵Ҳ˹ˡ
ڼӵ֣ƿʵ˵ĳӿɷǰǵĳӣӡ
ĵǾȵģû뵽ʶҵˡ
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ֻ̣һЩС׬ҲСǮȻһֱĶ
ֻû뵽żֶŮʶô⣬˶֪оͷԣҲ׬Ǯ
ЦŵͷΪʶЦǳҹӳøʶô
һźһ̻ϣԶԶļӣģҺͷԣܶ˶һ˵ǰء
ǲϴˣԳ˿ûм١
ɴûעЩ飬ÿʲôⶼûʹ
û뵽Ѿ⣬ˡ
ܾùɺͳĹϵ򵥣һŮ˵ֱ
Ϊ˵ʱܣָо˵Լһ㡣
뵽ɻû˵ףʱʲôŹɵǳҹǲҲûװ
ɶʱ׹˼ЦùʲôأҪǽ˳ף¹ùú͹ø֪ͺãмʲôʡ
²̫֪֪ˣֳָʲô۶
Ϊɿġ
ҩſͣ£һ
󴺴ҩܳЩģôˡ
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ЩھεĿҪȻȥһɡ
Ⱳ˵ǵеĻźǸûӣ˵ʹˣһֱΡ
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״˻
·󴺾͸״˵ɹù¡
֮ǰ״֪ùãһǹһǹʷһǹԲǹʷԹкӡġ
Ϊ˵üιڹ£֪ΨһûӾǹ͹
һӣЦŹкλǲɣ㡣
վ˶ܿ
˼䣬ɿʼ˵µɵƹϰϤܲŰæʣбҩøڵԺӡ
״ЩɻҪ˭򣿡
ɿһ۹ҹùǴӸûԺϱȽϺʣҪǾ̫лС⡣
״ҲͬСȻر׬ǮӻǿԵģȥʡ
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ʮӵļǮһ¡
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ôˣ
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ɫܲõɽ鷳ˡ


395Ͷ·

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ɽѾܾûлشˣӺ֮󣬹ɽҲûˡ
ΪⱲӹɽģû뵽ͻȻش鷳
һ
ЩãȻĿŹʲô鷳
ʵЩ⣬һûʲôԲɽ¡
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еᷳЩ鷳ˣÿһζԶһ㣬ôܣƺܲˡ
ɲ룬ɽ
㷽ô˵ģ
Ҿ˵Ҳ봦Щ£ҲãŻǵȽ׵
ӹɶһ֮Բòĺܶ顣
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عɽںҴòðɣһȥҴʱɽʱԸоӵżɽϺ͹СɽģҲʲôö
ԣһιɽƺҲԤ֮С
ҪǹҲ뿪˴ӣɽڹ뿪ʱûлȴʱмԭи˵ǡ
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ţһŵɽϵľζ̲ס΢΢ü״̬Ĺɽɲϲ
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ɽºŵͶ·ˣ
ɻĿŹɽӣʲôһȹͺ˰ʲôá
ǷУȻһȥҴѾɽĲԾԹɽûͬ˼
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ֳ£Ҫǵڣݡ
̾Ϣһʵôˣ
ʵɽ˵֪ʲô޷Ǻͬ˹ˡ
ɽǷϵġһͺͺü˺ˣֻҪҳȥũܻ˴ҼҳҲȥɻڼţңʲôĻкˣǺӿ϶ҵģ֪ңЩ¾ȻûǵҾ޼ҿɹˡ
Ǻµģ˵׻ų
ﶼ֪ô˵ˣ̾ϢһҪĴӲܹúͺǼŪɽ֧飬˵׹˭ֲκˣΪǶдֻǾð㣬Ҫ˾ֱŮˣֲ㣬֪ܵŮʲô
Ҳģû뵽ôҪȻҰˣŮ˵ġ
˼ĿŹɽ˵Ŀɶģ


396Ҫ

ɽɾȻر𼤶ĵ˵ĻǧȷģûһٻҶ̣ĺӶҵģʵܲˣҲ֪ô죬Ҳҵģҡ
ɫ䣬ĿŹɽ㶼ôˣЩӦÿԼôδ·ôߣⲻҪ㣬һжֻԼԼֻ˵ˣûôõ£һôǼҵӦòǰɡ
ɽھεĵͷǹˣҺܱǸ
ȴվߵɽǰЩ²˵ǸǾԭµģܶ¶ǵǸܽģҪǻ˶ȥ£˻³˿ң˵Ǹ͵ýҹȥ׷ûô׶԰ɣҵ˵ˣǰ¹ȥ͹ȥˣҲᣬǼҶǼЩһǵãĿ֪ˣǼҲ㣬ΪҲѾıˣıˣôȥҹĿ࿴£ɽҪǵһ仰κ˶翿ԼǼʲôӦʲôӦҲ
˵˵ˣǹɽҪı䣬ͻ˼ǲı䣬Ҳﲻˡ
ɽȻ˾Щ˵Ļ
ǰɶ˵ⷬôˣ뿪˺ҴԼô
վŹɾһ֪ôˣǱ߰ʺãҾͲȥˣллɣĸҪע壬гһҷˣһǵġ
ƺ֪ԺôģóԲ𷹣ҲںҴ嶪ˣĲԼҵ棬Ů˲ˣʲô
뿪
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ԺŹ̾ϢһЩģʱкöǺһŮˣ˵Ǻģ˶ٶǲŵģڿʱǡ
һŶӣһֳǰǸ˵Ķ˵ˣϣԺܹúðɡ
ɽǲܵģЩ»û취ԭ£ܸɽ˵ôѾ御ˡ
ڶ죬һˣһЩʳ
ѯʹ¼⡣
ѾԺӺӶʰ˳¼ȻúܣȻ˲ӣԺôмˣҲȽϷ㡣
ЦеŹɵֵҪллôõԺӣǲ֪Ժж⡣
Ժˮģһ⣬ƻˣԺС⣬ӹȥ͹ˡ
ɼԺ⣬ҲˣֻҪͶˣµľԺӲ⣬֮ǰҶĶҪģҵ᲻뿪ӣҪʲô鷳ȥҸɵ״ͺãʵϵ˶ңǶǺˡ
Źɰѹɽ˵һ飬ҲеΣȥɣǺСʱ򻹱СʱҲͦɵģ˵׻ǱˣҲ׸߻ˡ
֪̫̫жŹɽ͹Сɽ軵Ҳ֮е¡
ҲͬɽСɽСʱǺܹɵģֻϧ汻ˣɽĺźҪչ˺Ըû¾Ϳ
ܳƵ˵Ҳֻйˡ
ЦŴӦˣȴŹҵ¡
ŻֻоһɲƵĶӵ֪ʲô
ɣˮˡ
ҲţֻͻȻЩ֪롣
˵ĹɺϽǰ
ֺо飬ͷԸȥ봺׼ˮ
ԺõļӣеĶϽתݡ
üֺϳ
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ּֽţֺ¡
ϸоЩۣǶŹҡҡͷοõңûµġ
ּɵվţѵ㻹ɵʲôϽȥ׼ˮ
ŻعϽȥ׼ҪĶ
ĸֻҪӵĶоģ֮ǰ϶õžǴϾƽʱҲźܶ฾˽о飬ŵù
˴һͽݡ
ӵأϾ⼸ӡ
Ѿ˴ϣʹĥ
ɱ⣬ֵһ۹ɵȥ㻹ǹңҪܻ䡣


397

ֹɽӣŮӿɲʲô˶ܽȥġ
ϵŮֳ϶ȥ
ĹɺεĿŴҽȥɣҿҪһ㡣
е㲻ģΪǱȽϴˡ
ߣϻҲȽ࣬ҽȥҪһЩ
һ۹ɵδĹܼѪȣϽţʲôҪһģŸһ㲻õġ
ɼִⲻȥֻգǵš
ˮպõ˽ȥ
УҧʹȻӣٴξЩܲˡ
۵İοϡ
ѾѼõϿһ飬ȻӽˮС
ڹڻûõȡ
Ҳܵģοϡ
⡣
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Ǵ£Ů˻˵ڹŹһȦ
ȻǵʮǰҲĵ⡣
һһԵǵĹɣοõģﲻµģ֮ǰû¡
ɻĺܵģҲ֪ûá
ȥһˮţһҽҪʲôҿԽȥ
Ѿ׼˳ãǲ˳ҪԽȥ
ͷתȥˮ
ʱһơ
ڴ˶Ͻк˳
ִ߳˰ŵһˮ
Ͻ׼õˮ˽ȥǵû°ɡ
ǵúܣʲô⡣
ЦЦοû£ϾҪˡ
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˵û£ǿ϶û¡
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͹ɸϽǰССͮͮƤ۵ˮ
ǵܻܵá
ɺܼʵֵĻнӹӡ
ֺЦܵܣϲˡ
Ҳһ֮ǰһֱһŮ˵ŮãֻǴ˵лûжӵĻǻЦģ֮жӻҪúܶࡣ
ˣҲãŮҲãĺӡ
СıźӣϽʵû°ɡ
ȥŽȥ
ֵûʲô£Щۣ˺Ӻ˯ˣڴһЩ£ȻͿԽȥˣ㱧úӣҽȥ
ҪݰæôЪϢ
ʱûãʵѾʱˡ
ɱĺӣЦŹõܵܽʲôûУ
ץץԴЩ˼һֱû⺢Ӷ㣬˵ʲôͽʲô
֮ûȡ֣ҪԭΪĽ
Ӷ˹ɣʱҪǹȥϣ״ŵ壬ҲͲӡ
ϻźӵʱҲǹæǰæ
ԣӽʲôɵ
ɺ뻳еĵܵԺΪˣǼҼũҲܵԺһҲ⣬ԽйİɣСͽġ
־ѿڶģǺܾ֮ǰ׼ˡ
ϸƷζֺģģֺܺãøżıȡҲûϵϾһǴ󡭡
ΪŮûиűȡɽӣǰձģСɽ͹СΪǱȽСĺӣûôི
һ㳤ǿ϶Ҫűȡġ
˯ú㣬ӹɻнӹӡ
ôƣ߳
ɸϽǰлˡ
ܸмϾôá
ЩۣЦһûˣ컹еţģ״ܺãҽԸһЩѪġ
ɰЩУʹ뿪
źӺ͹ɽӡ
ְеĶˣлһɵѪζ
ƼѾ˯ţɫƺе԰ףΪ̫۵Եʣ˯üͷҲǽġ
ұܵܰɣһס
ұӣȥû
ɺֳӡ
Цݣοǰȥˣ֮ǰһܵǣҺ㴺о飬ʲôʱܽУʲôʱպܺãӲô˳
һһֱء
ȻҲӣûдо顣
ɳһôһж˳һҪȥ㣬֮ǰԸš
Ը͵ûԸǹء


398¹

ҲͬͷһҪȥģֻһȥˣҿŵҲǷȥˡ
֮ף֪еĽᣬ˸кֵÿġ
ɴ˿ҲȽϺã֪һֱкŮãƽµֵܾܵÿĵģܵѾȡֽйģСͽġȡģĪгɾ͸С
һ˽Ӷûȥȡһȫľֺܺá
͵һǻ֣ȡúãҲԺ飬ǼôûأҪܳһҲǺõġ
ҲָΪ٣ܳΪžѾǲˣʮҲǺܳġ
ɶĵָȴֹڴˣãĲųأֻҪܽľͺá
һжɣڻСأųʲô·ɣҼҲȱˡ
ǰΪ˲βģڲһΪЩ߰µǣҲиľͲ¡
ӵϢɽ嶼
˶ϲһʱ䣬ԺӵĽȫǴļ͵
źЦĵл
ɾϲ£һγߵʱⶣ˺ӣһҪ֪ͨ
ſеʱдһţǸұϲ
״ϵ͵õϢʱѾˡ
ϺܻϲҲûֱܻӽݱġ
ɵģĸģ״Ҳǰģܻϲİ׼õĽ˳ֱӸĹϡ
ֲŪһĵСƣúܣʲôʱҲܱӰ㿴Ķɰ
ζ뱧ӣϧ׼Ǳ߸Ϊ֮ǰҲҹԤ׼
˺Ľ
״ӹӱڻУЦʲôأǿ͸¾ԵҪϲӣʱİ⺢ӳöá
ųĺʲôССģССССıӣССͻСС֣ôСôɰ
֮ڻô
Ҳֻ˵˵ʵҲˣ׼ʲôʱ׾ʲôʱװɣ֮鼱á
ɽӣĲϹŵĽЩˣɵ֮ǰ˵˲Ҫ׼κζôôء
Ǿð״ƽնһҶܺˣ֮ǰ״ҩôӰ˲ӣȱǮʱأôص
ϺЦǵأ֮ǰҾĥʲôãȥڵ㿴ϲˡ
ϲӣΪֻ˰׼һӣһֱź
ƽ￴ҵСҲûжϲΪϤԭ򣬵һ뵽ĺӣϲôôϲ
һҲ˼ˣ⺢Ӷ˰״Ҫǰ״˵壬Ҳ⺢ӣǸлǵġ
״ѺӵݸϣŹߵһԵһҲ˵ЩˣǸ£㿴Ƕϲ⺢ӣɲӵĸɵﰡ
ͱ˱ӵͣ׼Ǳ߻治֪ʲôʱųףܿϲĺӣȻ˱˼
ܻϲȫûоܾĵ
״ϲĵĸĵĸǾ͵ȵӰյʱһףˡ
״ĻҲЦɵ㲻ҲģĶ
ϵҲӣΪûּҵʱ̫̫᲻ΪϻǮּҺְָһˣһڳԱˣûжǮ塣
״ܹһֱĵİʼûǮǺˡ
ǷĻ
Ϣֳ˶࣬˿ںʹ˵Ż
ģʱܵʹҲǿ̹ĵģ˺ӣ־һжֵõġ
ɺֿʼæһܲôҿŶӡ
ڼ׼˺ܶĲ˺⣬Ҳˡ
ȵ÷Ҿ㷹뿪
ڿϢˡ
ӷϵԱߣһֱһԶչ˺úӣŰĻ˯
ڶļڴӺܶ˵õϢڹɼҩݵ˶ϲ
ﻶϲӭд
ЩǳĿŶڽļ͵ҸղѾʮֻˣмˣôôԵ갡ҶЩĽˣʱһͳֻǻ⹫˺ܶ˼ģʱҲûԹô༦һһֻҲܳԸʮ졣
ȴöһãҵʱ˲ٵĲ˵ĲţôõĻ϶Ҫãô˲ٵĿͷʱҪú


399ºϲ

ﱻϲø⡣
רչˣҲˣʲôġ
һʱɼҵķ˿νǺõúܣҲѽϸֻˣԣرǼ⣬ڹʮˡ
ڵõɵ֮źϲ
ô¿϶ҪҪ˵֮ǰ͹ɼҲ׼һɲһӦ˳͹ɵº󣬳¿νŬúܡ
ұǰ˲٣Т˳࣬ҲԽԽϲ⣬ɰѳүֻˡ
һֱүĺˣû˼̳УνǵĻˡ
ʼ⣬ҲǺӣĽ
ڲһˣ̶̵ʱУѾ˳Ҵ󲿷⣬еڳ¶ʼõķչ
е㲻ͬ͹ɵĻ£ǾŵԵĺãôӦŻǴӦ˰
ǹҲǸõģ˺öˣ˵ɺõúܡ
֪ɵ֮Ҳĥҿ
˿׼õЦүҪһȥ
û뵽һʲô¶ܲ˵ĳүȻҲȥɼˡ
ȻҲģȫͬ˹ɺͳĻ°
ү񵥽ӹһ飬һЩҩȥɣѾͲþûеĳȥһˣƽػصҲû˼ȥɽˮϴض˵ɽãһʱȥȥĵط϶
ҲҪȥ˾ôҪĺ¾ˡ
Ȼ֪үôģҪƢһ£¿ɲ˼ǼҵģǼҽ˼ңҪǵù˲ˣ´ˣʱùһӡ
ʱүƢãҲǡ
үһЦˬʵôŲҰģҷֵ塣
֪үͳҪȥɽ壬ȻҪţõ˳үͬ⣬ǽһġ
ʲôû׼Ϊ˰
ϻźӵʱ˽
һ˻ϲصȥ˿ɽ塣
·ϵʱ򣬳˻ͣȥݷ˰״
״ͳүû棬һһʣȻ˵Цó˺ͳضþʵⳡеⲻˡ
״ͳү˵Ц״ûʲô£ųүһȥ˴ӡ
Խ˵ԽģȻ塣
ͳһĳ𾪵ĳ˵ļ˵Ͱײǰǲʶ
ĥҪǲʶôһ
ȴζĿųص˵ǰ׼ô
̽غöΣֻҪһ׼ؾͻ졣
Ȼһ˵׼صͺˡ
ɬĵͷ˼⻰㶼Һöˣ׼˺ܺð
һλص֮׼йܶνӴҲм
˿صҾǺҲж౦㣬֪ɣǰǾͰ׼һᶼûУڿûлᡣ
˵ƿһǰߵȻϣҸϲӡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥǰ˲ˣӺˡ
˵ʲôأҿɲŵܴӦҺͰ׼Ļ£˲˵ˡɬź͸˵Խ˵Խɬء
ܿ˿ɽ塣
״պúͳүһ꣬ү״ʼԺӾǰ޵ģȻȲø˼ҵլԺⷽԲʮﻹõġ
ү֪ôʼ⣬ʲôʱʼ׬Ǯģ׬ǮһʱǸ޽·ӣǳ֮ġ
ԽԽɣլԺܴ󣬾ǲ֪᲻߶һҡ
״һЦɲ֪һرÿͣǻǳĵġ
˵ĹɸϽԺӣ״һλİүվһЩ졣
״Ͻλǳү
ɵɴ۾Щ˼Ŀųүǰȥֻˣ⻹ǵһμү
ү
ðЩĻˡ
ү´ŹɣЦЦðǰ֪᲻߶㡣
Թɺ⣬ɸпԸӵ۹⻹ǲİЩεεĴС㣬Ҫǿϲ֪١
⣬ҲûʲôԵˡ
غͳһμɳز֪࿪ģֱ˹ȥ
ɽˡ
ڼ춼ĥʲôʱҸڳ
ֻҪһôģҴĺú氡


400д

үһ۳صûء
ȴͷⲻڰǣһ
֪صӣȰ˵ģһͷзִ磬Ǳ̫ˡ
ϰ˳㣬ܿؿҲ͹ˡ
үĿҲ˵ʲôеζƽٵĺöҲûôġ
ɸϽ뼸˽Ժӡ
ԺļѾܴԺӱӸֻȥмһ·
үһԺӾҿţԺȫɹҩݵļӣǾȣתһ룬ɼҪľҩǮҲܹˡ
ӣɸϽ˲ˮ
ү¹۲һڼңҲܳɰ״кˡ
ɽݰѺӱ˳˳ǰ
ʮıȲʱÿ࣬ƤҲͰ͵ģϵ̱ȽˣѾ˺ü
˺öûбˣҲϲúܡ
ĵСúܣɰұɲԡ
ûأǰӾᣬĵܵҲϲڿܾú棬뵱ϲŻϺӰⲻһתۼ˸Сˡ
ɰСĵݸ˳ء
ر£˿۾ֱĿųأͻʱᶯţǵóһЦ
ֺ͹ȥڴˣſͣһ۾ϳһǳҵġ
ϽԺӽݡ
̽
Цţһμүܾø߸ϵӣ޴
үҲѵˣҲûҳ̵
ȻҪúкⲻҪ³
ڳʮָմˮĴС㣬ڴɲһϹɸũѣֱӽջ
үĿɿڴȫû뵽ŮȻôڿ죬ջҲģġ
ذѻã̧ͷͼү𾪵Цһܸɰɣ㲻õҶˡ
ǰܰ˵뿪˼Ҿ͵ö֪ǿЦģϸһ룬һвǵôҪ뿪˼ңпܶǣʼôı䡣
үЦãͿЦ˵˵Ѿͷˡ
˹гүģһԵ˵ر˺ܶ㻹ţڰǷúܣ߰ҶŮ밡ܱʲôãҲܿһӲǣԼõģܲһоǺõˣ㿴ɶܸɣһγĲˣڶء
ɶ˵ò˼ˣü˸Ͻȥŵţ˺ܿͺá
ҲѣΪϵĹϵÿ춼һҲͲˣջǺܿŪһӷˡ
үɽĢļȷʢζܺãȻûгôȴһֶصĸо̲סͣǼҽԺпڸˡ
һ仰ϵ˶Ц
ɾȻЩˣǰû˵ûʲôڷ˵ȻЩƤ
үһھƣҲûʲôˣʲôʳ޲ֳϾҪһ߳Զһ˵֡
ҿҪɼհѻ¸
֮ǰͳ˵ĵģ˰ϱϵµ⻹֪ȫ
֪ҪǳѹȢؼˣԺӲͺùôͿԺͳ˵ɽˮˡ
̫̫࣬һ˿϶æйɾͲһˡ
ɵͷ˼ǵװɣڰͷģô˵ҲҪ˼һЩ棬Ǽ䲻ϳңŻģʱҳΪ˹ӦҩݵĴˣͲ±˵лˡ
ģսٶȣȵչҩݵʱһǷٵľ
үȴЩˣʲôŵԣֻҪԸû˸˵ʲôģ˵ȫҶϲĹ޹Ҳ㱧ӡ
ֵòУ͵͵˵͵ϱҵúãҲ۹⡣
үͳҲܿģһٷҶȽġ
ϲܳӣִֻô濪ġ
үͰ״һʣ극һȥɢ
֪үˣҲɺͳĻӦǶˡ
бżĽģҲףġ
Ϊ˹ȴЩǳˡ
ڴʲôʱףôش


401

һʲôʱ׵£ЦЦش
С¼һᶼ֪ϾӾô
үͳǴ£߳һֱڹߣ˵Ӱ룬˲עⶼѡ
ڴŪǺܻӭģΪƽ׽ˣСҲ̵
㣬ʱʱĻһЩҪǲ֪˺Ӻ󣬷϶ٶٳԵĶǼǿž;ûθڰÿ춼ȼǺҸȾ˻Ƿζġ
ԻһЩͷΪľܻһθڡ
ǲ֪үͳˣһңͷԺ֣׵İˣӼóжںһ¡
үڴգ˵󲿷ʱǸ״塣
һæµİ״ҲѵõĳʱųүҪΪѵô־ͬϵġ
ү鼫ãӾ岻ĵҪҾӮˣҪҾˣ˵ϰףиСӽа׼ҩ£
ȻܼһЩ飬ŮһһǺܹעģ֪غͰ׼˶⣬ֻҲװ׼ҿܹ˼䲻ϳҡ
״̧ͷЦЦ̵ָǾͿϢˣóȥתһ¡
үһЦȴδ£ǰӷ˺վˣǳȥ߶һᣬ㻹ûشء
״̾ϢһһӣҲҲģ̳ҵ²һȥҲ㹻ˣҪȥʳҪȥһЩ£Ҳ˳ӰæǳһЩҲչˡ
Ҳûʲôģ˵Լ
ܾóүظˣӹɵܿ
ǲ׳үʵ⡣
үĿŰ״ҶغͽĻܵģ֮ǰĽѡĹﲻãҰˣ⺢۹Һãѡ˺ܲҲص۹⣬ϲˣҲֹġ
״һ㶣׹ү˵ʲô˼ⲻǸõİ׼ͳصĻô
ʱ֮ǰ׵¡
ȫ˰үĻ԰ΪĹϵ;ܾס
үĵһΪӵĻҲǲģܱô룬ֻֻҪӹúãʲôá
ߣŮǻҪöŮȡ棬ⲻǾ⡣
үͳڵʱ򣬹ɶСźţڼ˶Ҳǰġ
պ󣬳үӦˣȻø״Уڻеʱ򣬳ûнӹе⣬Ҫȥ
׼һЩɽкܶǴ˶ȥɽдԻ
ͦ᲻뿪ɵģŹɵֵѾͷǹִҪڰ¶˶ãƫԸӦ
ºЦţˣ˾ͿˣҲҪһɼ˵ô
ǣŹɵߵϵҲ̫ˣʲô˵ͽ
ɹɵĵͷģ·עⰲȫҪǰǴ˿ס
鼫õЦţ޹Ҿʱ䵽ˣ㲮ڸ˵ȵͽˣ˾ͿԵˣƼ⣬⡣
һߣү
ŽԶȥе㲻ᡣ
ֻǾðɣүͳﵹҲһ˵ķΧ
·ϵʱ򣬳үȥ״ǡ
⼸ദǺǢģԼһһ󣬳ү뿪
ϵĳεĿųү˵ôϲ״壬Ҫ׼ˡ
һֱòΪ˳صĻҲǲģĵҪԸŮ޸Ǯ˼ңֻԼŮ޸ϲӡ
үһıӣһ۳˺ܵɪΪҲ֪ʲôҲϰ׼Ǻǲǣ֮ǰƳ绹ֻɣҵǾӶ۹⡣
һȻһ㣬϶Ǻˣ˺ϣܵʶ塣
״һңҲͦºͣ״ҲǸ֪ˣҪǸ׼ҲǺ¡
̲סЦˣ֮ǰҸ˵ʱ㻹أ˵ĻİɣҪ治ãҲ᲻úӳԿడ
֪׼ҩú棬ŴѧϰҼ׼²˵ҩõĴϲ׼ҲԸ̵׼뷨ɣҪϲҽԺҽݾˡ


402æ

ƷǱġ
үȴͬǿɲУҽǱ߶ǰźõģ׼ҪԼҽǿ֧֣ܵزǣ߲һܰĶҪҲϸһ´ֲҩݣǺܲģֲ
ҩģ֪ҩݻǺǰ;ģҪ׬ǮֻҪֲҩݵͺãɵҩ֮ǰҲȽ⡣
Ȼʲôⶼ漰õĻҩ⡣
Ȼûϵ£ҲȽͬү˵Щ
һתϾͳˡ
ǱﻵˣڿԳ¾ǽһ㣬˶ˣǳǣˡ
ÿ춼Եú˯úãһ²ŷˣǰ·ˡ
һ˻ϲΪǰ̫ˣҲãǺ˲١
ĴӲС㣬һ¾ͳ˴СӣཱུӸϲûµʱͻᱧߣƺҲϲ㣬һĶЦ
¾Ҫģرôˣ϶ҪԷġ
ϳµʱ򣬾Ϳʼ׼ͣ˷ϲ¾ˬ˭ЦӯӯģرǱźӵʱϵЦݾûжϹ
ֵÿĵ£οһӺùˣ˶Ӿ͸ֵøˡ
ɰ֮ǰ񵥣ȥ͡
֮ǰ޽õʱľ飬һҲæңͽæ£Ҳæϴ︾˵ʱȻ˼ʮˣҲǾȻ
ɵ鼫ã˵֮ܵƺ˸ķܶĿꡣ
֮󣬱㿪ʼæµ
һתůҩѾȫڵʱ䣬ҲãҲöƣ
˫ҵļĶҲȫֲҩݣҰѼ鶼źˣⳤڼţĶ˹ɼҡ
ΪٹһʱҪժʵĽˡ
ҲŰѼ鶼꣬ɽϵĽԿժ
չһģʱ϶ϡ
һ¼һҪ߾Һʵ
Ӿô󣬸еⶼˣ᲻ù̫£ȥ֪ʲôá
ջǹ飬ʹɣûʲôõĽ顣
Ļ֮Ȼ
һԱŵĹȴ˵ͷ
չ˼ܹʲôæڹңůģҲֻйˣܴ
΢΢һЦʵµһùú͹øͿùú͹øԸԸˡ
µһȽϺõԸ
Ҳе棬ȽϷ㡣
ðɣɰŵӦöرѵ¡
ԥĵͷӦ˵ʲô£Һøôϴģ˲ٵ⣬Ӧûʲô⡣
Ҳŵʲô˵ɡ
ҲΪʺľǹΪæҼҩ벻ˡ
ϾͿչˣȥչĲǺܶ࣬Ϊ͸ӵ˹ҴʮֻҪԸĶչôҵҼҿ϶Щ鷳ùú͹øе棬ĥž͹һӣչҩݣҾˣйҩ̣ʱһһ£ʮ綼ҩݡ
û⣬Ҳûʲô͵æˡ
ϲʲô¶˵ȻҪ˼Ҹ£͵ðϵڳ˸ʱŰġ
һ糣ҲȽⷴӦ
ʵ̫Ϥûܣĺᵽġ
ԥһµùҲ͹øæʱҵ;˾˻һչҸ͹øǮΣ
˵̽ԵĿһ۹
һԵȴֱҡͷܾˣǮͲˣҺ͹ùҲţһֱӸݵˣһһľ͹ˡ
ϲһˣʱӴúܲҹΪ˴Ҳܺá
ɻûܾأȴվֱӾܾˣɲУ̫Կˣ϶ǳԿǮǵ£ɾ˾ǰҲ˹ǮģӦģҲգǲһգҪ⣬͵һصġ
ˣԲùԿ
һܼ֡
Ҳ˼ùԿԵùú͹øȲҪܾ


403

ʵϹģˣҲ˳Կġ
Щӣ޶ŮʵܿعɵƷУȻҪæҲи˲û˹ܡ
ҪͱȹעҪڹǰģȵˣҲϣɰæչ˹Բƽô档
̧ͷŹɣҪҪ˵ʲô
º͵˵֪ø͹ùҪǣˣǲӣԺӣԺҪǣҪǲйⲻȥ⣬Ҫ֪ûǮָôء
һʵۺĺܶ࣬رܶ಻һŮӾȻ׬ôǮֻҪ΢е㲻ԣͳ˼ڮٵĻԿηԽȥԽף˭֪Щ˻˵Ļ
ԣԲܲӵģһǲǷ飬߾ǲ˵ġ
ΪѵĿһҿͰɵ˼ɣһ˲üƽЩģڱĵطǶһͺˡ
ִˣҲֻܵͷӦ
ȴ˸ĺøУô˸ָˡ
һЩΪһ棬˵þĻƣȴŵƿԼƷ
ʱҲܶڹһҵ£֪˹һҵ޳ܣùһƷرĺá
һԵĹһͺ͹һֱ鲻š
Ҳǰȷ
ʱһξ͵˿ԲժʱɽϵĽܶ඼Ѿˣժõʱϣû¶ˮûˮժĽõġ
ֱȥϣһж˴ǡ
ҩ̵ҶѾȥˣǰ״дġ
ľæڶҩݶϤˣȻдòãǰöˡ
˫Ӱæʼҩʱкܶ
ҲǺܲӣֻҪĶֳӽ塣
չĽһһͻشӣȥҩݵЩÿӲ㣬ϾͭǮڼܾЩռλãȥһüˬ졣
ǣɽ˻пɽ帽ļӶǿҪһԽ壬Թ˵Ǻ£ζſԶһЩĽ
ÿ춼кܶǰÿϻڼϺʹôɹ͵ȥš
עæµģ֮ǰйȥ֪ͨЩӶڲժ˭Ҫ׬Ǯû֪ͨģ΢ԶһĴӣ֪Բժ׬ǮĶʱȥɽϣôûչҩݣɽϵĽǶúܣڸľϣֻҪ㹻ڿ죬ɽܲժܶࡣ
ɿܶİףͣĸɽʶˡ
ܹиȻǺ£ɴܾš
Զǧ֮ľ֮С
Զ鷿п飬һλɫ泤ȹḾ˶Ų豭鷿
Զڳ˼Щǵһֱأʲô𣿡
Զ
Զ̾Ϣһӻǵ֮ǰ˵λŮ𣿡
ϲ֮ȴһλ֪ŮӣΪߣҲ顣
ȻҲ˵˹ɵ飬ȻҲʲô˲õܣֻҪǴһ£ܶСϢ
Զջϲɵ˵һ顣
вȴǱֳģλˣǷķĲ¹ǿ檵ģҲģֻҪľͺá
Ȼ˵Ų⣬ȴ
ֻǴС׾͸ŮرңﲻҲװȡ
˲Ż֪Żۡ
Сϲģ֪ɵ֮󣬾˵һⲻ鲻֪һ飬֪ɺ˲
ÿգܿԶرһӷ
ÿʱͼʵúܡ
κΣǼʣҲұֳ
һֱúܡ
ԶûеļʣǳҲŷˣʵһֱŲɣϧڵһʲôʸס
Ϊϲ¸ҵĿ
һôöû
ҲӼʳ͹ɡ
ѲԶǰһԵϵ˵ﻹûף㻹лİǿ檰ɡ
˵⻰ʱֽ߬־ܣҲΡ
ǰû֪


404

Զ̾Ϣһǰ˵Ļ
˵Ըһģײ룬мŮˣڵﻹʸȥŹҡ
ȢɳΪңҲùɻͬ⣬ܵ¡
ԶεһЦ˲õҵ£Һܸмң˵˵ﻰ
ͻݵĵֻҪľͺãģͺܿġ
Զһ˿ھΣδеˣٶǲƽġ
Ǹǽ⣬ԺҲӴˡ
̽̽˼
ºһЦοôأ˵ˣֻҪͿġ
ԶǾٵȵȿ
鷿ÿҪγˮֱȥ˵Ժӡ
ҲھǣΪľǲԶ£˵ŮԶھûûףڳаҪúܶࡣ
ԹǰֺˣΪֺˣǰǵü˳۵úܡ
ŵӻǵУֻһ˿Ӧ˼
õǰѯ˭ˣ˵˵׸ǲԶǻСˣȥˡ
˵ţ۾ȴڹ۲ķӦ
滨ĿˣһӵǷˣǹɵ̲סڶǺ꾫Ǻ꾫϶ʲô£ҪȻôᡭֻţҪϲҲǿԵġ
Ȼϰ˸˷ѡԶһΪԶǰ;ޣ߾ԶҪķ֣ƿأ߾ǵͼޣֹԶ檡
û뵽ԶһֱŹɡ
ɵ飬ǲ֪ΪʲôԶԹǲ֪ǹʲôõģԶƾʲôҪ
һɾüͷǼǵðУݵѾͷ
֮ԹһøжûУҪ˵˾ǹɡ
Ҳ֪˺ͳүϲɣ׾͵öףʱɾǳҵˣһĽأһѾͷȻϳôĸ֦ƻƫһ޸
ǹɣҲãɺͳС˹ϵͲԶˡ
οҪҲԶģǹɲΪ壬ΪҪҹӳˣʱŻҲͳˣԶҲĵġ
֪£־һϵˮЩʵ˵ңǳҿǰǵһңΪλῴǺ޸Ĺɣ
ֻԶһ䣬֪Ϊʱ棬Ϊٻ˼ҵС㣬СͶΪԼıһõĹޣ΢һ㣬úÿһĹӸ磬Ƕ֪ġ
ÿΣԶĹϵҲãʱ͹עһ¡
ҺǮȻֻǸһǸ£ҵĲƸҲǲСġ
ףΪʲôԶͳϲһҰѾͷ
ǹʲôõģһҰѾͷ֪黭һͷ¶棬²
ŮӾȻҲϲ治֪Զͳ۾жϹ
С׽̵ľ֪Ů޲űǵ£Ȼ黭ͨȴûǲá
ǹɶʲôʵǲΪʲô
Ļ̾ϢһҲǺҾϲ˵ɣѾͷȷģһض
ϲ˵ķӦ
ֻҪվһж˵
ΪԶТӣ˵Ϊ˲ϲɣԶ͹ɱ㽥ԶˣǺ²
леʲԹɵԹû֮ǰôˡ
ȥˣԶ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪˵ĿʲôЦĵ׵ĿɬֻԼס
Щʱ֪ʲôطˣΪʲôҪЭڵضûˡ
һ㲻ټɣһͬ˵һ仰ɡ
Ҳ˵˳͹׿ܶ׵ϢϢ
ǵɲ֪˿̵Ĺȴڽ̴ôɹҩݡ
ҪĹɱ࣬ʱҲҪ
ãһЩطѾɹˣһЩطʪģɹĽƷʿ϶á
ЩҩȻģҪϸ񣬱Ҫкܺõ
йæҲɺܶࡣ
͹ôϴ˶⣬ɾϲǹд֣ʲôҲڻ¡
ڣ֮˶Ҫȥæµˡ


405˼

ÿ춼кܶǰˣĴҶʱɣһ㶼Ȼڶժ
΢Զһط˿Ϊʱ䲻ѡ
һæµǰ£ɽеĽժһʱѾȥ
Ĳٺܶ࣬һɺ
ɹõĽٶˣʵĽɹɺٺܶࡣ
ٶĸɻһܺõļǮ
ϾʱɾָͷһʮǮٶǶʮӣЩֻʮյһҡ
Ϊһûɹɣһչٶӣ׬һٶӡ
ⲻСĿȻԳ˵һӿܲʲô˵ĺܶˣϾǰ࣬һҲ治һӡ
ԹɺϧĻᣬչҩݵʱģɹҩݵʱҲҪƷʵһ
ҪǿĽ϶ɸѡ˳չʱҲϸѹأЩĿӵ
ڸҩ˶֪Ǹϸˣߣ̫˼ǮҲͣ˭Ҳ̸۵Ľ㡣
ʱ䣬Ӧȥһ˰ˡ
ҩǳʵѡΪʲôΪǼеˡ
ϺʹԼڼɹҩݣչҩݣǳͷߵˡ
ȥҩȻʵģӶһǼԼһ˫Ѻһһĳ
һȥ˰ǣһһȥõʱ䡣
ڹ˵ʱЩˡ
ڼû£ͷϻҪúɵġ
С
յ˹ż֪չˣʱŹʲôʱͽ
ʱû뿪ǣǹҩݣһͿԸɼ档
ڵʲô˼
ÿ죬ÿʱÿ̶Źɣǰû˼ôŨرһλصǺ׵һʲôо
лкܶҹʾãЩֻ
Ψһݵµֻйɡ
ɲ֪ڵеʵҲһȥܼܲ
·;ģ˫ǻ롣
ɣһ׬Ǯô
֪һôҲ׬ʮӣʮӰɲСĿ
ЦЦΪʲôҪҴûʲôʵ⣬еĻԻⰡչҩݵҿҲղˣҵʱֻҩݾͺãʣµһ¶ǣһҾкܶʱ飬׬ǮҰ
ȻڴУǼҵԽԽùˣ˵ԶԶΪʶҵĻԻͣʶҵĸߴΪ֪жС
֪кܶĽǼңǼҺܺãӺܺùкܶ˾㹻ˡ
Ⲣ뷨ΪǾ֮ܣ֪жգ֪ʲôˣ졣
˫ܼ򵥣ΪӸŹ֮Ӿͽĺù
ں㣬ΪҾͿԸǷˣǹɼô΢СһҲ԰
ʱǼҾͳ˹Ҵһש߷˼ҡ
ǰܳûԣӹȥڲõˣӺܺùһдǰ붼顣
ЩǸŹ֮ıģǵùɵĺá
ںܶط˫һ˱ȲùԶ뵱벻ɻô
ҡҡͷпԼˣǿˣҲҪ㣬ֻҪúõĸͺã㣬չ£һ׬ء
ѾܺˣǰܲˣÿȻææµµģǺۡ
ɵȻ˫һңЦ²ֹӣҿ˵׬зֺģչǶٰɣоӡ
ŵǣֱ˫ȥ˳ҵҩã֪ͨ˻֪ͨġ
׼ҩãҩϽк
һʱûм׼׼˺ܶ࣬ҸӾȻθһЩһԵúܳϰһɵҩζù̲סĴȤ絹еúһʱûô㿡˲١
⻰һ׼̺ˣǹȤҶ԰ɣҲû೤ʱûǹҰɡ
˵ЩŪ˼ˡ
ɺٺһЦϽͣУҾʵʵ˵ҽҩݵġ
׼һϵϽкСᡣ


406¹

׼ҩҲܵõˣΪүͰ״ĹϵүʼӰ׼ĽһЩ򵥵׼
û뵽ܾϲ׼ڰǿβ֣Ҫǰ׼ÿһ鶼Һԭ
ЩȻֻ֪ǿŰ׼к˰ᶫʱЩ˶ܾӡ
׼ͺܺãʾɽȥ
˫кС˰ǽ˺á
׼ºƹЩæҩãҩСС鶼ޣ֪ҪҾ͸ȥ֪ͨˡ
֪ɺͳ˵Ļ²ˣҲܶռ䡣
üºһЦôҵ飬ԼôЩɲˣҪ֪ùȢ˶úܡ
⻰ð׼еֲ̿εĿɣж˼
˵ô죿ӾųɹļҲǺܴ󰡣ͳĻ¶û˵ҾȥҲûɡ
ԻЩӣϲأرǿЦʱЦůůġ
ʱ⻹еԱ
ϲһ£䲻ϳһ£ǵģ䲻ϳء
ϾĺܺãܴǸǶ˵ضһλùⰲУҪȢصĹӸܶ࣬˵Ŷӵġ
ʲôأһǻ飬ʲôûС
СҵǺܺõģʮĹﶼǰǣС򣬶ҳҲǴӵЩ
һֱӽأ١
ڹʱĵһĨʧ䡣
׼ĻֱǿЦá
û׼ôɵˣү˼ô԰׼Ȼûɵʲô
ΪãбҪ˵ƣЩ黹Ҫð׼Լȥǡ
ĿŰ׼ʵǲǾһʱҩõ˶ܹҳү
֪˺ͳү̬ȣ϶óҪҪˡ
ұֻ֤Ҫ׼ףҿ϶ǻӦġ
׼⻰˼ǵͷһʱҲ֪ô£үҺչˣҵ˵˻Ҳյҵż֪ҵͳүĹϵܺãүҺҲǿҵϰɡ
ΨһĽͣҲĽ͡
ȴҡҡͷһͬɵΪϲصүͳ˲֪ҵ֪ˣΪүǲǶ֪ϲˣûи㣬һֱչ㣬Ϊʲôʱͦİô¾ͻȻ䱿أ
֪ô˵ˣ׼ƽʱͦȴͻȻ䱿ˣôԣûΪ
׼ɵʵҲ˵ȥǾðɣһжЩܣϾҿɲһ㣬㿴ǡ
Եʱͷ뷨ΪΪԭ
һԾĿŰ׼ĪЩε̾Ϣǲǻûףʵº׵İ밡ҲϲǲǣҲϲǲǣֻûͱƴֽ˵ˣ˺ͳү⣬֮ûи㣬ȫΪ㻹ǺܺطģǮûǮûϵֲȱǮϾܿ˲ظ˼ңҪŮȥȡ˼ңأҪϲؾʹһ㣬ҩݵ¾ͽˣҪȥҵĽˡ
˵Цվ˵Ķ˵ˣ벻׾ǰ׼ˡ
׼Ҳվе㼤Ͼ㵽˹ؼϡ
ȥ
ֹ㲻ңҩݵ鴦þˣһ˹ȥ
ߵſڸ˫˵һ˫Ըȥңҩá
ȥѡһЩѰĶֱӲȥ˳ҡ
ŵСһɾˣҿû󣬺ܶ鶼ܿģ磬ԼҹҪ͹ɳףСǶ
δٷ˰СȻܵĴŹȥ˻
ܿ죬Ϣĳصһʱˣǳ
Źʱһֱûгȥڼﴦϵ¡
ؾͲ˵ˣӴӻ֮ѧϰʱ䱻ڸУ췢ùˡ
˵ˣȻֵúܡ
ųǿģ̲סЦʲôˣôһı顣
ٴӳϿı飬϶ʲôرĹ¡


407±Թ

رһӵĻ˵ɺ˲˻롣
Ͼһ뵽ÿҪѧôĹؾܲ˰˵֮ǰ͵͵Ŀһ⣬±ˡ
СǵùЦôС
ؿĵɽǲ֪ж࣬ѧҶüûˣҪǲҶˣУһҪҸڴҳȥתһȦҺԱǺ«
ÿ춼ڼ˵һĥϾƽʱϰˣ㲻нһ߶߶
ɴСûôѧأĵĽصģϾôõĻѧȻǺõģοĸҲΪãǰʱЩˣҲһǳҵĴС㣬ֻѾͷ԰ѧ
ЩôˣҲԼѡ񰡣ǰҹڼѧѧǵģ˵ǲҼ˰
һʱ䶼ڳأˣҲѧʲô
һЦĽݣ˵仰һ۳ص㻹ίˣﻹΪãƽ㣬׶ȥˣ͹ԹԵĸѧ
⻰ǵóһ̹㻹׸ôˮ֮˰㿴ڼҶЩʲôôõĻᣬҪɽҳȥɡ
ȴˣǿѯʵɺãͲµҪǣҪһ棬վ͵óһԶˡ
ЩǣҪǰõЩģָĹϵȷˣȻǣһ˳Զŵעⰲȫ
ʵͦ³ϴģȻӲõİȫ⣬ٻġ
վһͦڣϾҪռ䲻ǣĵ˳ȥվſš
Ѿ˵ˣϴһ£ذٰĵվſڣǰ濴һۣͱһߡ
صĵɽأôʱû棬϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵ȵȡ
ģһ͵Ŀһ۳أѾͷһܵҲԺѧôôܳˡ
һʱˣһֱܷγأԽԽûأóغúõĸŽѧϰ
֪زģ鲻Լװû
Ʋ죬ίҺعذǲǿʼˣǲǾôûѹˡ
ʵҲ£׸һϲӼˡ
ųصĻЩЦãһ۳صôܺ˼룿ֻǲô裬涼˵ˣ˵㲻أȻﶼظˣҲϣ㲻ҪΪ˵ĻߣôҲΪãѧһضûл
ĸŮ˵һỰ
еĹɺͳ˳
ߵǰ
ĸá
ﻹڵǳһγҪȥĵطԶҰɽˮģܸо̤ʵ
˺Цһֱ߶أǰ㲮ԶŶԸ⣬˵Ҫȵ˰ǣһ֮ߡ
̧ͷĿһ۳ȴƼһɵЦ
ǻǽݰɣվ˵ʲô¡š
˽ӣѾ˲ˮ
˿ʼѯɼﻹܵܶðɡ
˵Ķ˴СӣʱȫһˣҲأһҪӣӾϲúܡ
ɰһʱ˵һ飬ЦĸõģһжãⶼǵչˣǣǼҡ
ĵǸжģҪ˵Ǽ֮н죬ȫ벻ҵİرǳ˺ͳү˲ô֪ˣֻڵ·Ҳüѡ
º͵ӦõģҰھͽܹɻ飬Ȼܱӣѵһ˰ǣգ
Ҳû˵ģɺܶ¹ɣȻߡ
ЩΪˣȻźˣܶ鶼Ҫ֣Ҫտš
һԵĳϽΧͱΪˣֲǲ֪һʱҪչҩݣǼĹǣʱڼңҪʲô£֪ô
֪ɼģСС鶼ǹ
غź˵ҲǣȻ漸գԺеʱ䣬ŬɽȢţһֱǼˡ


408ͱ

⻰еɬƤЩҲúߵúܡ
ĵ׽˳֮ҲһЩ
˵ȻɾôˣӲקŹɳ˷רȥ˫
ʱڳϢһϡ
ɫ𨡣
ĺ԰ͤУЩεĿų
ôҲϽϢȥɣק￴
ľٶŪˡ
˷Ȼקͤ
ĿŹɵҾһᣬһ߲֪ҪòŻھһЩҪҲȥǴһʱ䣬ҲæŽժֵ֮Ŀʼժҩݰɡ
һɲϣһļǿԲժҩݵģÿڲյҩݶһ
Ѿչ˺ԶĵأֹԲʮҩݣڹǷԲʮﶼҩݡ
ҪǣҲ׬Ǯ˲ܹ֮ǰĿꡣ
õȺܳһʱ䡣
һദʱ䲻࣬һǽҲǳ˹ϣ˲ദĻᡣ
עظ飬رҪԼˣϣڻǰø飬Żͺᳳ֡
̾Ϣһҵϰæµ㣬һôԶôȥġ
ͻȻ˵Щûмһ档
ŵһЦǣŹɵС
Һ츳ģҵ˵ұءûпţֻδڹǰѡ
һЦŵͷˣûһ㻳ɣţҹø֮ǰǰ㣬˵أһһݵӡ
ǵ͹˵ʱжһ˿ݡ
˵ʲô˵úܺá
Цһ⣺ǰɣǰɣҾ˵Һ㲻õһôԶʵûϵģҲǺԶ֮ǰȥһΣǻԸĻһȥ
һ뵽ɻ̲ס졣
Щɻ黹ء
սɵַؿڣ棺ɣЩ˵˺ܶˣһ˵ҳⱲû£ԲҪ檣ҲδҪ檣ҰҲϲ㣬ֻһҲҲãֻҪҶĶȹʲôʱ㶼ҪҶİ
ɹ𴽽ǵ㣬üסԺϲϱŮӣǵøҺ飬Ҳ㣬СûȵҪŮ˷㣬ԡˣǵ÷뿪
ϲ檵ˣϱӵ»Эͬ⡣
Ⱳʶ˺ܶܶĶȻûǸȥŮ˷һˡ
һģĶ˳ȻҲ˶
δҪȢŮˣ뷨ͳˣܶʱ뷨͹һģҲ˵Ĭ
һֻֿճ췢ģҶ췢ģⱲֻԹɺãҲֻһŮˣֵڶŮˡ
Ϳ϶Ҳı֤
룬Ժжٷ꣬Ըųһȹɡ
ڶһɾͺ˫뿪ˡ
͵ߵģЪһҪ·ȥü˵ǡ
˫ҲסڳҵģԳҵլԺҲǾȵúܡ
ЩĽԺҾļˣҵլԺĺô󡣡
Цȷ󰡣ٴҲֻ˯һӰ˾ҪϲԺҲôԺӡ
ûʲôܣֻҪŬһܿϣ
˫˼ЦЦҾˣھǼԺӣҪô󣬾שƬͺãҲǼҵķˣһֱء
Ź֮Ҳ޽ӵˣǰ붼롣
üͬ
ȵҪ޷ӵʱ֧㣬ˣþûǼˣҲ֪òá
˫üҲЩǣһʱ仹һʱûˣǹʱһ档
е㵣ĵǹʱҲ֪òãտȥղҩʱҲûǴӵˣҪǼҲʡ
ԼԼе㵣ģϾЩˡ
һ·Ͼ·ϴźܶӣǵ顣
һγ׼֣ܳĶͭǮȫΪ˷Ǯָҡ
ܴӵ˶Źɻȥȵȥĵ磬ûüϢ˱һһҵķӡ
Ӻˣܵ˶ˡ
֮ǰĵĻĶΪУϲá
õӵ˼ҶֵˣϵЦݹҲܿġ


409

֮ǰһֱû£ϾԼļң˺֮󣬹ʱ١
ӹûعңҲû˫ϵδЩˣһҲ˰ɡ
԰Ӹ֮ȥһˡ
˫Ҳǣֱʰ͹ȥлҴ塣
๫лڣлҴˣ뿿ɽЩԶ˼һֱʱֲŵлҴ塣
ΪлҴȽԶչҩݵʱҲû֪ͨߣȴ˵ֻǴչʼһֱû
ڴſھͽȥˣ˫û˵лܿЩǡ
Ҳģοµġ
˴ڣ˫͹˴ӡ
лҴȽƫԶȻ㲻رӴӵķҲܿӵӲù
лڼڴβ֮󣬴˶ͺϾɺ˫Ĵ´綼һ˲һ
˫лڼҼΣܿʹŹɵлڵļС
ֻԶԶľͿлڼҴŴ򿪣Ժ洫˿
ɺ˫һˣġ
˳ˡɸϽǰȥ
˫Ҳǵúܣæ˹ȥ
ԺţڵϷɢңлϹ޸㣬ô۸ңȻһ仰˵
û뵽СС˴򣬶лھȻֻվһʲô˵ȫûǰһ㡣
ϵķȻԴ
лڵ׻˫ֲŭĵҾʹôˣȻ˵ģҽʲôʲô
ȥȻȥɽϲҩԼΪʲôȥ
ҲȥŶֱӽԺӣڵϵһĻϣʱŭѶһӣͷ˫͵лš
˵ֱӳһ˻ϵϣҲյץŻϵķ٣³š
ŷӦȴһߴһ߽۸ǼûǰɣȻұ㡣
ѹһӵŭ𣬿Żϸ߸ϵӾ
лڼԼװˣҪǰֹ˫ȴֱлЦôʱ޶ԣǴȴǰæˣŮ޸ǱǼ۸ģ
ɵˣδ뺷ڼйģȻЩңδ˶֡
ɲûгԿֱӰѻϵץãͷʲô͸Ҵ˭۸Ǽûǲ
Ǵ򲻹ϣΪǳ
˿վһЩ޴
뷨㲻öҰ㣬ִϱĸòŸӡ
˵һ˻ϵԴϣȻ۸ҽ㣬ҽôŮȥɽϣ㻹ΪǼûˣ۸ǲǡ
ϷţӵΧ۵Ҳˣλǰֿ˹ɺͻϡ
ɵķҲЩңûԶĿ
Ȱܵĸ˸Ͻˣú˵ô˵Ҳһˣôء
ָŻϵ͵Ҿ˵ұôʱûؼңǲ㲻ȥģȻҶִұ㡣
ǿߵ۸οǹϵ׽ˡ
Ҳһңһֱһؼңɽҩȥɽϲɷۺҩݣ֪Һ¸ߵģǰҶǱܿЩȽ϶͵λãȻȥɽϲҩ˵￴Ұۡ
Ҳû뵽ô񶾡
ĿŻϣΪʲôԼȥΪʲôлȥ
ҧЩ֪ôڡ
ɵһЩϲǽӣŭ˵
һ£Щ֪ôڡ
ջ̾Ϣһ˵ӣ²ҩʲô⣬ȥ
⻰һ˫ǷŭˣָŻϵððӣѵŮлڣȻȥôΣյ飬ôˣȻŮ˱֮ǰӦҺúչչҼġ
л֪ͷ
ڴʱũлڵлˣϷѯʵôˣ˭Ūġ
ָŹȻ͸л״СӴңֱӳ͸һưҪΪ
޿˵š
лŭĵŹɣ㶯ֵġ
ɺĵͷҶִôˣҶô
Ƶĳл˵ţŭʮлʱ֪ɵģɲҶŹɶ֣Ҫ¨Ӿͱˡ


410µ

˫ҲŭۿлҶһԡ
лվмЩ֪ô죬Ȱܵĸ˵ʲôºúõ˵ôֲЦô
һЦϵ˵˵ô
Źվţû˵ҲֻǾĿŻϡ
лڴ˿ЩΪѣҧվ˳ˣԺ󶼲ȥҩˡ
ͷʧĿлڵ֣㻹֣۸ңִҲ˵䣬ˣҲһ˼ȥôΣյ£޶Ҳգڻ˵֣û취ˣ룬ھд飬ܹĺܺá
Ȼ˵ĵȻû޵ʱúܺãڼ˳ĵúܣлܶ£ӳ׺һֱϵѣһֱţó˾˵£Ŀ⣬һֱţû뵽ûһã򣬴СûлҾȻˡ
лϵĻлҲϵĻˣиܲů
ǰлǧãʱҲˡ
ôܲ顣
лһ㶣Щˣû뵽ô
ˣû뵽˵ЩȻ롣
룬룬ǼҳȢؼҵģھûš
˫ѯ֪˵ĻǼٵģҲֵ֧ģŹôãҲˡ
ܶҲˣлڲҸҲģ°Ǻ˺ãٺῪĺܶࡣ
˫͹ɵҶӡ
ǮҲӣʲôû˵ֱóǮҪǮ
ʲô֧֣лڣչôίȴվһԳĬ׶䳰ȷá˴ʲôؼʱ򿿲ţҲǺ£ںԼžͺá
̬ȺܼлڼˣϽ״ˣҴˣҲҪ룬Ǻô졣
Цһлڼȥϲҩʱô˵仰Ҫˤ˺ô죿
лӻţֻҪһú׬ǮӻùģԼ޵лһֱԹֻû뵽ԹĽ
лڳĬˣĵͷ
ƺһҸûţǼҶǸ
ֱӵһۻϣ׼ǼҲȻұҪ룬ɣҪӿԸǣ۸ұǲС
ȰܵĸЩ̾Ϣ⿴һۻϵ˵乫ɣЩ̱ˣ˶ȥɽȴȥҶҲǸŮ˵ˣֻҪˣ˺ӸҲԿడ
ҲϹӣ϶̬ȴ˶ܲϲ̫̱ˣֻо仰˵ʮһ׮飬ǻϣлںܺú̸̸롣
ЩʶôȰܵĸ˱ǺģڻоͱζܾڱǼңָȰܵĸ˾˵Ǽҵֲܡ
Ȱܸ̾ϢҡҡͷҲ磬ת뿪
Ǻĺлһң˭жģοûдĳ
ɼϳɹİѺȰܵĸˣиĻˣǰĹ̫̫ûļͥУҸô
лڱ𵱳Ĺ磬ڹûиѸһʱ򣬶ϻǺܺõģۻΣյĻȥ
лأ˳ĬǳĬҲûίίף˻ʲô˵ģ
ǰûȥ˽лңֻʼ˵ҪãҲһ֪ӣû뵽ⶼװģغ
ȫı̬
˫ѹֱӵؼҵ֧㣬ҲϣǼ𣬵°Ǿ·ɷһ¾͸סǰţֻҪúãں˵ġ
ɺο˫Ҳ׬ǮҲõģ£һҲмǮܳסû飬һúʡ
ͷ̥ŮҲΪʲôлίԭ
ǰģĴһ㡣
ижúܣҲ˵
ܵɺ˫ĻҲ𾪡
Ͼü޳ȥŮؼҵ˺١


411һ޶

лҲ̲סˣۿŹɺ˫̬ԽԽҲúܡ
һһǵõôģÿһؼҶܶöڵұǰĺù˺ܶ࣬رŹ֮ǿĽ
ֻͻ϶и˵Σȥǰһնܾˡ
ǸŮһģи̹
˶˵ŮԺӣԻڵʱʲô˵
лڴСͱȽȻҲϾ޽лûжã黹Ǻһ˶۸ˡ
лЩڣû뵽˫͹ɾȻǿƣҲںһô
иղŹ˵ȥһмģһԳסܣǴõ°жĽôõͬˡ
лںŹ£һ׬һӡ
һЦǰ˫ǰôҲԣҸǸˣֻϣԭһңԺұ֤õġ
ֻʧĿһлڣˣˣڸղŻϴʱлھȻûһʾ
ʵһ㶼Ҳɡ
ҪչգֻӶ˼͵úɻ
϶̱ܿһӽź͸ܵˣǸʱлڻ˵仰Ů֮һжˣһˣҲԸȥ˶˭ãԺŮ͹ˡ
ı֤ҸͲţҼ޽ǼδۿңҵĶϱҾˣɻңҲûҵķݣ屾Ҷû̸ȣһҾңҲԸҵﵣǣЩδ˵û뵽һδα䱾
Щʱ𾪣˫ȭͷҪˣû뵽лôࡣ
ȫ۸룬Ҫ롣
תԥлһȭͷôչŮģ룬лҵ峤ǼһΪûǲǡ
лܶˣôΧſ峤˸ˣοôǮ˵ʲôҲ밡
Ц׼ң֮ǰǼҲԣ㲻ҪҪ취úôһף㿴ӣͿСҲܺ밡ǼΣյ¡
ôֻܷ
лһֵ̿ǰֱӸµҴˣ㲻Ҫ뿪Һòá
ͻȻµлڣ΢΢ü¶顣
˫һֱӰлڸŭ⣺Ϊ¹ԭ㡣
ϸڹ۲컨Ϻлı飬Թޣ֪ˣڲ¡
ȥʰѺӱȥҼҡ
л̫ɺ˫Ҳлҡ
ڹɺ˫˸ãŮӲһŮʣΪҵ˿ţһ
֪ɻ֧ģ⾪ϲȻҲô֧
ʰͲ˻ϵ˿̵ĻﻹҶֻ֣ߡ
źӳһһûڵлڵ˾ңʱ롣
ҲлڼҾֱӴ뿪
һͿ
ղŵļǿ˲߽⣬ôôôϾлǷޣǿá
֪鲻ãֻǰźο
˫Ŀۣƿοµ㣬лҲȥҲա
С۰ôĿίôصί
ɰݸοģǰأֻǺ㣬ô¾Ȼ˵ҪǽҺ;˾㣬֪лôί֧㣬õЩһӲΪ˱˶ģΪԼ㲻ص̫ġ
ѹ̫󣬵ܵʵϣЩ˵˲ùöãֻȵͱˣԼҴڸаˡ
۽ǵˮҡҡλεģоһΡ
ãôͼôһˣʼ޹ȥʱһжܺãĶҲܽܵľлڡ


412

ų׵ʱлڶðʲôʲôģСС鶼ǽĶˡ
ԭôס飬ȥΣյɽ²ҩʱлվһ޶ԵʱѾˡ
ɲ֪ô˵ܺͺһӵķĺ٣лڼûڵҺãҴлܿںֻ棬Ҳûһŵӡ
ڵĻϾǿ֮ǰĹ̫̫֮л˲ı䣬Ҳȥġ
ּ̫ͥˡ
ţЩģҾ¸鷳
ڴǺܶģܳסͺ˫ͽϳܲˡ
Щ˫ģĵСòġ
ͣ·ߣĿǵѡģȻûѡõ϶Ḻ𣬶ҵֻϣúþ͹ˣڱĲҪ
ĵҲھΣΪǣ
֮ǰΪѡ˸õģû뵽л˻װ
ҡҡλεĻصӡ
źһ۾۵øϽǰ
ӹеĺӣ̽ʵʲô£
֪鲻ãǰʲô½˵
˫ҲһĬĸŽԺӣ˳ŰŹϡ
һԺӾ˵Ǽٵģڵĺܡ
ôˣִгǵţģ뵽һŭǲл۸ˣ
ͷ⡣
̾Ϣһ˵ɡ
һ˽ݡ
ϱźһԵǵĿ
ɰл鶼˵һ飬˶ǽϡ
Ȼƽ½ƽϵģһЩռˣȴһλס
лҵѡģʱл˲ϽлҲ࣬лʵʵģû뵽С޹ȥһжˡ
һƺݺݵϣŭʮл̫ˣȻԴ룬Ҫ롣
ӲӵںҲں˵ʲôί͵ֻع
Ҳһί²ôˣлһǻװ֮ǰװôӣȴЩ£㶯Ứúá
һҲվߵһúܺãһβҪô嶯Ҫһ붯ֻ᲻Կֻ֪ԿǾһ̶֣Ǻί
Ҳˣ˵øٹɲίӾ̫ô
ɺٺһЦҵʱŻϴ̵סΪТöԻ϶֣Ҳһϸûʲôϵ
ʱ˵ģ˵øҲҪִ
ƾʲôϰװ׵Ĵˡ
ɵӶЦˣŵʱ㶯ֿɰˣǵһμô̫ˣᰤģҾ뿴ڵķӦ̫ʧˡ
лҲֻ̣ҪлһͺãлڸͲվߣϴʱл޶ԣɶԻ϶ֵʱлȴҪǰ֣еĲһ۾ܿ
˵ʲôֻ˵лڵУҪˡ
֮ǰȥΣյɽ²ҩлҲû˵䲻
ְοˣ˰п۵ʱлһ̫αװǶûԺźסҼң˳Ű£ӱлҹ̹
úŮίȫϺһ㣬Ƶֻ뿪
ܾίȴ˵΢һǲТ
ҲЩлҵоܿһ飬ǰһңǼƻҪлҵģһ룬ͰסҼңǴ˲Щ˻˵ģ£ŰӻõģԺʵˡ
˶֧жúܡ
ҧŴͷллңһҪ룬ȥлɻҲã˿϶˵ģҲҪǸûһλûп̣Ҳûλµʱ䶼ûˮȣ㿴ݰ
ĶҪһ£ȴһ룬һɰͰ͵ӡ
۵İѺӱȻ󱧽ι̡
ôݿžۣˮ԰ιӡ
ҲӲģ£Ͷ
һһֱû˵£ѹ¶лҵŭοģҲ㡣


413²֪ڸ

뿪֮лҳ׵ףлҴ˵ȫǶҵ¡
ƽڴҲҪӵˣ֮ǰµʱ򣬻ڴҫ˵ܽϱ¡
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414º

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ͲǺˣӻȥȢŮӣҲΪۣܵ룬ǸŮԸ޸һźӵӣ
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415³

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416˱

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417Ȼ

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419´

־ŭˣǳԷʱΪλȡ
СɷŭˣǵûǰкƽϢɵķŭһڹ̨ϵ˵Ѿͷʲôǲ⣬Ͻߣ
ڽĳԷˣ˿̶վͭǮһģһ˵ǵһμôĵҡ
ڹɽһֱŵģҲԵĲˣû뵽ȴСôŵĶԴ˿͡
˭̵ˣǸղŽʱС̬Ҳá
ҪǶӶˣûλˣתˡ
Сһ˵Ŀˣʲôû˵ɣ˵ǹҲİɡ
ͻⲻøƹ⣬ȴƹǿϷһ㿴ǰ£޶Եӣĺ
бһ۵СǱλǵƹɡ
СŵϡޡһϽǲ⡣
ĺү⽻֣γ֣Զĳȴһ²ؼ߸߹̬һе˿Ϸȫûһƹӡ
̬ȣҲѹⲻãʲôӵƹ񣬾ʲôӵĵС
ûйܳҵҲգˣȻûʲô˵ģһҪεЩ档
£һϣгƹɣһúúø߶߶¥£ȥҾ¥Ҳˡ
Ҿ¥ⲻǲƷôˡ
΢΢üɺ־ֲõԤˡ
ӹ̨Ƴߵǰ´һȦȴɴ´綼ͨʱ֮ġ
վڹԱߣһ²ʶСɣ֪к£
ɼƹеӣЦһҲϲʶˣѾ¥˱׼ã͵լԺȥɡ
СŻ˵ʲôȴֹˡ
֪ﲻԾˣҪ˵ǹ˵ģҲ˵˱͵ȥ
ɻʵ㾿˭
ЦЦүⶼҴˡ
ǰүż˵ľǰѳҵʱδٷ
ʱȵĿŹɵѵδٷˡ
ŻŵĵСҲȵĿŹɣ͸һ㵣ǡ
ǳԵǳҵķŶԹɻô
ƫͷĿų֡
Żһ߸ϣƲ˵̬˲ͱ
ζû뵽ǰδٷ˰ҪٷˣǾͲˡ
ǲٷ㲻ùܣŵ£֪ƹʲô˵ġ
ӳֵܿһܺöԸˣǽ;
һЦҶڹ̣ܽԺ󲻻ˡ
Ŀų֣Ժô
ƹ¥Ҳкö˰ɣ˵Ӱζ¥ҵھ¥ƹ񡣡
֮ǰֲȫ϶˭˿ʮֿ϶ǰľδٷˣϾⰲУֱӽضǽгС˲ࡣ
֪ЩС㣬һ𾴵ĺһС㡣
ڰζ¥ƹʮˡ
ζĿһ۳ֵ֣Щ㡣
ֿһ԰ͷʹŵλСŵȻҽ⣬ͻ䶯ƹҲ֪¥ϲ׬ǮˣǰүмƻѾ¥⻻ɱ⣬³ƹ֪ɡ
еĿŹɣ治֪
ûлµʵԣϾѾȷ˹ɵݡ
Ҳ˵үѾ㲻¥ˣ¥ô죿ʱˣ˵Ŀġ
վ濴ųүΪбҪƭô¥ΪʲôԽԽѵû
ЦЦ⡭
ǡô˿̽˾¥ȴɱ˰ΧţΪ۸ɣʱǰ˽ȥվ˹ǰǸ
ڵĿų֡
һЦСˡ
ؾĿųֵ۸ҽˡǵļƣ۸˹
ֿЦûе£ô۸δٷˡ
ںڵúܣҪ֪ǰ˭žͲôˡ
ɲ˵̫Ҳ֪¥Ҫ׬Ǯģ׬ǮҲûã¥ƹֻı߾ˡ
ҪҪּƹ⻹ûȥϾݡ
˵Ҳܳ˵ʲôųؾͳ˾¥
һ뿪¥ؾ͵ʵû۸ɡ
ôɶòԾ
վסųص˵Ҫһ¥ƹ᲻


420֧

غܲĿɵ㣬ǲǳ˹ֵ£
ûȥ¥˵һ顣
óؾҪתҳˡ
һץס˳صڲȥҾĥŻȥĸ˵һ£ǲˣܳʲôԭ򣬾Դ˿̬ȾͲš
Ҳͬĵͷȷţû뵽أǳڹ֮ǰôһһ˵λҲã¥Ҳô꣬ͷ͵Ҳôһ˵ܽˣԭڹм
Ŷû뵽һֱؼһҶԳֲļһ
벻ˣҶԳֲΪγֻʲôô
ɺ侲ķֵӣ飬ϵ߲ĸɡ
֪үͳ˵Ĺϵܺõģʲô鶼Ҫ˵
˵ȥʣʳȻ
Źɵֱ۵ҵȷʲô¶˵ھͻȥҿˣֻܻҳҵ
Բ鷢
ܳΪе˼ң˵˵ѣһֱŽ̤ʵأ˿Ϊϵּҵķ١
־ȻԴ˿ͣѹ˿ͷУȥǰܻҵʲô
ܿ˻ص˼С
ɺͳֱȥ˳ˡ
龭֮ҲܷŭŹ˵һС
ȴû뵽һֱεĳ֣
ΪԶݣүҲεİⶼ֣¥ǱҲûôʡ
ÿһγүȥʱ򣬳öȫүǰ޹ºܵ¥ġ
üɣô־¥ĿԵġ
ó˱ָ˵﷢ֲԾģ¥ȻǺܺãҲܾ⣬ʼһжԾˣһǣ¥һ첻һ죬ԲԾԽҲزȥ¥һȥ֪飬Ψһһˣֶҵ̬ȶҡͷľ¥õúܣΨζ¥ſȸҵ
Ҳһ޵ľСˡ
˶ӳүԴ̬ȾܿҺγ֡
ôγˣֻóүͳĵ£ȫˡ
˱Ŀ˼ͻȻһ£۷ŭ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ͻȻ귢һ£û뵽ֵľȻ𱨡
ظϽʲô¡
ҧŻǰʱҵ˵ֻ¥ƹ˳ׯ⣬Ҫׯƹ񣬻ʱûͬ⣬뿪ʱƺЩôǶûиַìܣУҲֻһ˵ֵƢʺׯ⣬ΪԲ̧Ҳûá
ôһ˵ɻȻôһ˵ܽ͹ȥˡ
Ϊүܾˣ־ű
Ը˿ˣ˽һĻ
ǸƢ֮һߵ˲ţãȥǰܻҳҵ
ҲͷͬɵɣȻ㲮ϵ齻ˣôһжԡ
ǰһҴ
ʱүͳ˲ͬ⣬Ȼ˵⻰Ͱˡ
Ц˵㴦ͷĴȥˣͬ¾ҵҲҷġ
ϲ̵ģԹɺþͿİ
˼ҶϱìܣͲģᵱһϲСӣԲӵģ˭йôء
˳Ŀһ۳أдһ˿Ρ
Ůʲôã̫ƤЩ
ĵѾôҲ߽ҪˣҪ䲻⣬ȻһЩ֤ݾͲˣĸɷҴλҶȥλСҪץסģóְװ׵Ŀǣĥ˱ʵҲ⣬гְܻ¥ܻҲ˿
ھ¥ʱ;˳֡
ߺ
ֺλСŲæ
һе㵣ģƹѵ㲻¡
е㺦µģҸĹǮߣɲ붪ݲ¡
һλСеĵǵСʲôƹƹܾ¥ô꣬Ǿ¥Ĺүƹôģѵ⼸䡣
ֵҲûаѹɵĻУһСѾͷˣ˵Ļжٷ
ˣү᲻Ҫƹ


421֤

һЩµĵСȻ£Ӿ͵øҷŴһ㣬⼸ɰɣûпǣүȻҳׯƹзӦ¥ˣͻһĵطȥȥʲôطãȾ¥á
ߵҪԭ򣬻Ϊ¥ⲻǺܺã̲ʲôˮˣ뻻һλãׯ鱦իˮ࣬϶ƽⰡΪЩƹƾʲôһճĻõ١
֮иʡĵĶӣǮҲࡣ
ڵļҾ¥ƹҲ͵ҹֻҪðζ¥͸÷ֺ죬ȻһҸĶ࣬ǲġ
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Ψһû뵽ľǹɣȻµͷˡ
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ûнأȻͿʼˡ
п϶ǲģôǳүԶݣѪм䣬ȻһѾͷ
ֲǷ
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¥û⣬ú˲žƺλСš
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ǳǱ״ˣҲ˳Ĺܡ
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λٲŵóֲҶүô£Ƿʲô¡
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ȻǲԸȥģŵԩԩ˭˼ݺ
ʱλٲ˳Ŀųֵûԩȥٸ֪ˣʲô
Ҫּ棬վ
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йٲƺһûԩȥž֪Ҵߡ
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֪ǳδٷʱжһ˿һ˿塣
֪Ҳû˭ףͻȻٷˣͷԣȫ֪ʲô¡
һãȻãȻ˶˽巢ʲôһȥ˹ٸ
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ΪͷĹϵЩѴ֮
ֻλСѺ˴֮ϣѾ˹֮ϡ
ɶԹòİһȥֱ֮ӹ¡
˿ʼ󰸣ѾΧ˺һȦˣ֪ܶ˶ָָ㣬̧ͷֱͦţδʲôЩӦġ
ֹڹԹ޵͵Źɣĵ׺˹ɣ˶ûܣһѾͷƾʲôܣȻ˹ٸһѣڰҲûȥ
λСţǺܺ£ƽھ¥Ƕ˵˭˭˭ˣ˭˭˭ˣû뵽һǹ˹ϣ˼ӵˡ


422²

Ǳԩİ
СλСһԵĵСһ
ǵ΢һĵС˵ͷƺʲô
ʵ˱Ѻ·ϣģҰѳһж˵ǱǰµˣΪϹ˾
ΪǸ۸ģھ¥ʱ򶼲˵ЩҶС
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˱㿪ʼ󰸣͸ϵΪ״֡
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΢΢üܹһ㱾ٿ֤ǳδĶϱ˽˫ĸѾ˻飬ֻΪһЩԭû׶ѣǶµģ˵ǳδٷҲΪ
˵¾ͺ֪Զϲɡ
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˵űѻкܺһ˱ȥˣǾ¥ʵ˱˹Ŀ
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Ҳ¥ܶˣӿҵ棬ֵ߳磬˱Ҳ͵ġ


423

ɺԩ϶Ըϡ
һֱڻ˱ôʦеġ
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˲ԩһǹɹ˹ݺҡ
ʦƺһҶ췢ģҵһμС㣬ڴ֮ǰ֪Сʲôˣ˵˰ٻ
Щʵǵһμɡ
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ںȥǰãҲûмɣǵһμ
˵ľľٴ£ĿŵС˿ʲô˵ġ
СĵСͱ˵µʦ˵ľʵСǵһ¥֮ǰδҲδŹС㣬ƹһֱڰ̰Ǯƣˣ˺ôϲţÿγүʱǶƹڻ˲֪ˣ֪ˡ
ǵ΢һĵС˿ҲŵòУµƹ̰ǮҵȷҲ۳үû뿪֮ǰãֻ̬ȶһ㣬ү뿪֮ƹֱӸ߿ˡ
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ȫû뵽ô˳
£ܳϿҵûô˳ģû뵽ʦǴʵô˵֪ģǳ֮


424¶֪

˿϶ûô˳˵˻Ҫ
үͳԸˣҲãôԸ֤֤ˣЩȫһôȫƾһĳæ
ʦʹʵӣҲΪүǺãǲ뿴ұֱСݺѼ֤ݣվ
ףһѾ߾˹ȥʦдʵӹлҪ˵
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ڹѾ׵׵ĳݵĶôãܶ£˹ƺܱü
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·ĪˣкܶҪѧϰĵط
عҲ͵ĿŹɵ㲮Ҫڼ֪Щ£֪࿪ģЩҲ㣬Һ㲮ԺҲģǺȻӴððʧʧģͲһ½˵أͽԻԺͽͽˡ
ǰȻû˵ԼǵĹɲܴһС
ڲˣɱֳĵǣӡ
Щ˼ĵͷһξǽңô⣬ܶҶ϶
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ɵһóֿû뵽ġ
ƽƹ֮䶼ǺŵģϾүݹϵֻг֡
Щƹ俴ֵ߳ȴ˵ʲô
ȴһɾȻֱӾͰ⵹˳֡
ֵ³Ҷ֪ˣǶ˵δٷǸˡ
º͵Ķƹǵͷҩõƹ
ƹЦŹЦЦȴء
عɵģΪ֤˹ɵĳɳȻǵõһιҩݵĳȻСȴûһ㵨ӣҲɾ䣬ؼܳԿడ
ҩݺҲ鷳ģȴܾƣŮӾҪܶܵѹҲһеġ
֪ϲɵˣʱҪ
ûзһжֵõġ
ƹһĿŹɣиƹϵõƹѾȷˣǰλٷǲܵġ
Ҷļ۵ˡ
Щ£Ҳ׵ŷɴ䣬˿ˮ棬˳ҵ׷˳̰ӣȻȫҲ׷һ롣


425

˺̹ȻĿż˵Ҫδٷˣǰλǡ
ǽһɣֱԲҵҲܣүûʱ䣬е⣬ʲô£ʲôɻ󶼿
ŹɣҲ°⽻
ɶų΢΢һЦȻƹҲŽӹЩ⣬кܶ಻ĵطָ鷳λ٣˵һ߶ˡ
ƹһЦվЩ׻Ͳ˵ˣǶǸųүʮϻƣһ仰Ҵ˵ǾԲЩ£㲻ֻǣɣԺ󻹵㰡
Ҳ̲סЦεĿһƹ񣺡ƹĪҪȤˣȻѻ˵ˣҲ˵ﻰǶǲŵˣΪǣ԰ȫǣúþӪǣЩºܴԼǰ̣Լȥû˵һõģΪʲô˳ûҸλƹΪǡ
ƹЩƹȻĿС󣬵ṵ̂ӵ£һֱƽȡ
ھ¥ƹ˳ҺʵѡЩƹѡ
Щƹ񣬳е㵣ĵôЩƹ񡣡;Щƹ̫ͻȻˣҲ̫ˡ
ЦЦЩƹڱģʵǵĿû⣬Ҫǽ¥£ھ¥Ѿˣĥųʱ䣬Ѿ¥·һ£տˣ¥ܶطƾˣĵطᣬôɨĵطôɨ
ҲͬӦ
뵽һʵѡҾð׼Ե¥һʱƹѧϰѧϰô⡣
֪׼Ҫҩã׼β˿ԣҩûܶࡣ
ϵ齻׼ŵùʵƹ񻹵ѡ
е㵣ǣǲ֪׼ԸⲻԸ⣬˵ҩǱúܺá
ɵģҳܾģҵȻͳȥ
֪ҪȥҰ׼ЩҲЩߡ
Ѿжʱûм׼ˣúܡ
ƽֲдţɱﻵ
ɲصļЦŵԺ׼ȥ¥ˡ
ߺɬЦң˭˵ˣʲôüġ
ķǡɰһ۳ص
غߺһ֪Цң˿ҲúЦǡ
ɺͳֱȥҩãȻҵ˰׼
׼Ҳأ࿪ġ
ֻ˵һ䣬ȥߣ׼ƨƨߵĸˡ
뿪ҩãڸһҲ弣˽ż䣬زųŰ׼㶼֪пҡ
ܳȥ׼Ұϧ˾Ȼû
׼һǸҲԣұ뿴ģҩǱ̫ˣû취ŵС˲ҽȥ˵Ƿ˵˼
ô죬Ҳܾ
ɲ㲻֪дŸңʲô㡣
һԼװô˴Σпʼ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ĵֿʼ
ȵغͰ׼ֹˣ׼ŵյ˵ˣúܺá
û뵽ɳɳһ
һЦغãǣ˭ҽɲң¥ûƹһʱ䣬ҵʵ˰㻻ʱҲȥҽˡ
׼ûԥֱӾʹӦˣ˵ʲôҾʲô֪֪ôƹ񡣡
ЦˣɵӣʲôỹӦôɴࡣ
׼еεץץԴɬ¥Ǽҵҿ϶һ㣬ѧɰŵҪģҲ᲻ģҲھΰǷɺôء
֪ɾڳүͳǰ˵û
Ҫͳأй֣ҪҲ
Ϊϲɣڵİѹɵá
غܽǣҪ㲻Ӧҷǵþ䲻ɣǳ̫ˣΪҲƹˣһôҲðá
׼Ӧ
ȴ¥·ޣʱȥҾ¥Ҿ¥ǰҲǳֹܵģ΢ƫһ㣬ֺȥҲˣûܵӰ죬ôƹ񲻻Ļȥƹ񣬾˵ȥġ
øռ䣬óذʱȥҩǱֱ뿪ˡ
غͰ׼̫ʱû棬һ˵Ļ
׼Ŀᶨı֤ٵȵȣ֤ԼʵҾȢ㡣
Ҫʲô˾óڵ
ίûʲôزί
ض԰׼ģͷҵ㣬Ҳ˵ӵء


426¼ȥ

׼ܸжôۣΪҪܶ飬ҪβãøƹѧϰһЩ⻹ȥչҩݣֻҪǹҩõ¶Ҫ
ֻҪһ뵽أеۣеƺûˡ
Ϊ֪ػһֱڵ
һʼ֪䲻ϳصģСؾŵĴС㣬δԹͷǰܸز顣
һжˣҺͳమ
ҪǣصĵﲢûпҪǳˣ֮ǰԩѾˡ
Ҷж˵ضĸ黹ô⡣
ڰôãû˵ǼǼҵĹӸ磬ҪȢأõý˵ý⡣
ǵ˶˵˭ҪȢ˳أĸ
貵飬ȴΪ
ⱲӶܹء
ųܼᶨһŬһǸĻᣬƹһҹĿ࿴ġ
ҲǹɸĻᣬϾƹ˭뵱
ôᣬȴԸôõĻøչҲ
ؿڰ׼ĻУЩ۵ɽ㲻ףȻû˵Ҹ磬ϵʱ򾭳ȥ˯ţһδƹҲǷ˺ܶ񣬱ƹŶԽأ˭֪᲻б˼Ҿ͵Ľί׼һҪúðɽ㣬һɽ㶪ȥ¥ƹһҪŬ֪𣬲ܹ˽Ρ
ҲɵȻóΪչ˰׼
ôõĻᣬǰ׼ܹþ¥صǰʢʱҲй⣬ʱ˳
׼棬ҲܼᶨҲ㻹ʧģ֪ǸõĻᡣ
غͰ׼һ뿪弡
صҩõʱ򣬼ɺƹʲô
ɶŰ׼֣׼ȥ
ɺѾƹ˵ˣʲôĿʲôѿңҲƹ㴦ʱ䲮ڣܶ鶼Ƿˡ
ƹ̾Ϣһе㵣ǣҲ֪үһ˳ǲ˳׼ǹСĻᣬôõĻɲ࣬Ҫúðס˶Ŀ࿴֪𣡡
ɻкܶҪĳ뿪
ڴϣظɽҵҪڰǣ㿴ҩãׯӣЩҪ涼ڰǣܵسǺҲǵ⣬һȥҲ⣬øȥģǱͻȻҪšҲðɣ㲻ҪģҪ˳Ļʮ֮ӦþϢˡ
ڵĹɿ˵Ƕ꣬նų飬ൣˡ
΢΢̾ϢҾ͵磬ϵѲңǱߣ֪ôˡ
ԶھǵԶҲڵһʱõϢϢ˴ȥġ
Զھٺ˳Ȣ˵İǽڽڸ
֪Ƿ˿°ɽҲȥ˿ܽõĴǣֻơ
ԶŰ˲٣ҲϢݸ˳ү
үҹ·ĳ̶̵ʮ·˺üꡣ
״̬ҲǺܺãҪҪѳȳֻͳŲסˡ
˿̱ɽеĳ״ҲǺܺá
һȺǸպģɱ޶һɽЩ˿ܵʱݵ㡣
һ°Ļ̶ˡ
Ϊ̶ӵͷͷûܵʲôĥ˾ûôˣһ˿ܴƤ
ѾãҲЩ࣬ҵһҲݣΪûôˮ촽Ҳɺˡ
ڳߵС˿ŵӣү᲻ǰ
µúܣ˿ҪǶɱ˵ģֻ³
ǳ飬˵Щһߣ˿ǲûֻ֣ĥⲻˡ
ĺЩɬĭŰοģҵǵġ
ʱӲùճԲ˵ᱻ˿м΢ùˡ̶˻гŲȥȥġ
С˿ŵūеŲȥˡ
ڳԹЩͷΪڳܹϺӣųһΣ˷˿ܡ
֪ôοĵеھεֵȥĶоŵɡ
ǰҪȥȥô죬ô졣
ں˿Ҫʮû۹
֪ҲۣҲó
ҪȥĶ


427¾ȳ

ȥǻŵĶ
ΪڴԾԿҲûʲôˡ
˿ɽеĿѲߵ˽˱ŵһȦֱߵСǰʹСˣûͬ飬һץסСϵѣֱӾͰСһֻ֡žһС˵ϡ
źİСӵ˵ϣ˿ܺ׺СһţֵӾƲԳԷƣóԺúȵİǹţ͸ʵʵĴţⱲ޿ˡ
˵С˵Ͼһĭ
΢΢üȴ˵ʲô
Ƿ˿СˣתЦû뵽Ȼô㣬ʮȻҲģֻƣֻҪõӾͻߡ
֪úǰ˵źû
˿ܺϣǺĵĽϵˮӸ˳ǸˣҴⱲϲ˵ʵʵĹ̺ܽµˣֻҪӣһë㣬ֱӰɽ
ƣʵҲ˳
Ҫ֪һγԺ󻹿԰ڶΣǳҪɱ˳ɾһ׬Ǯŵ
οһûӡ
֮ǰ˼ңһ˵ʮһͲˡ
û뵽ȴһ˵ʮӣү
õʮӣʱͿԶ߸߷ˡ
˿뿪ϽϵˮݸһС˵һˮ,úϢϢϢ
С˰˴ͷϣһ˦ŭΪǲųôࡣ
С˵ԹҲζҲû뵽˿ܣû뵽˿ܻѴҶ˼ˡ
뵽ȥĵ׾ھΣΪǣ˴ҡ
һԵһλŭˣȻֱţȴûţһСϣŭҪǹ屣ȫǣڵ㻹ܻţȻﵽˡ
ǺˣҪǳ˿飬˿ҲԸôˡ
Ҫǻɱ˼ң˵˵
һģȴСԹǺ
С˱˸Ƿŭ
ֲ̫µȻ˵Ǳ󲻶ΪôҰ˴Թ䶼ԡ
ĺܺ΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢһһûȥһҲһ뿪ҲԵˣȥ˼ңһչ˺ǵļˣԹҲãмҲãҶھİҡ
˵ˮһˮ
С³Щˡ
رǳ˵һǶʧ
ƺһϲĿСˣҪ֪ǹӵģΣգøӵȻеԹӣƽ﹫Ӷ㻹ô
С˱˵õͷʲô˵ˡ
үٶ˺«ڣɽžˣ˵ģûбΪѣֱӾүɽ
ʱһ¶º󣬳үڼ˳
һȦ˫ϵ·ú۵ĲС
С󣬳ʲôʱԹֿ࣬ȴԾ˿ͷϴѣݵƤ֪һôġ
үˣûоϲˡ
Щ˿õӺıƺ¡
үȴһۿ˳񣬰οõģЩõӾͻߵġ
˵ţǴӷ˿˽⣬ϲõúܣãҾϲǽţѾˣү˾ͽˣǿû˺һǰ㰡Ҿʹֵǵл
˵źܽĹ˹֡
үһЦҲ֪ôص
ǳܺ棬Ӿ֣ɵģ֮ǰΪֻСආȴ
Ӧ˿ܵͷͷɡ
̲סǵͷͷɡ
һһЦûзϣҵӣԱ֤һ£ڲǳ֣ԺǵùϳҵĴ죬Ҵ߽һ֣ǿ԰⣬Ҫǵ̬ˡ
ͳүȻ״ӵ˼
ӵõӺܿ뿪ɽկжûдߡ
үĹٲϽˣץˡֲɵӵһٶţǼ˿ûǸץˡ
ˣɽлŵҲ˳ȥ
ɽеĹЩ谵˲ųɽ۾ЩӦ˹ߣ


428

үһҵҺ˵㻰û㣬ûϵֻҪúõҾͰˡ
ЩھΣһõˣҲ֪úòãһŻ˰ɡ
ɽ£үһ߱ѹ֪˵һ顣
̲סпû뵽ȻϬһ͸оˣ˼һǣҰѼ⽻
˵껹ɪһЦǵ⡣
֮ǰ˵⽻һֱûȥڹɽӹˣ˵ʲô˰ɡ
棬⻰һΣɰֲǲ֪ܶ࣬ϵ¶˦ĺ̡
үƺһʲôĲ̵ģҵһԺǵģҲǣܽ˭㲻֪ҷǣҾֻˣ˼ɱ㶮¶ˣȥһȦˣⱲǷ̫ŵѵҪҹҪһԶŵˡ
Щ˺öˣ˵ĵ̹ˡ
ҲɰʲôϱѵͲϱˣô½ɣ벻뱧ˡ
ƻŵȺ͹ɳˣɵߡ
ãˡ
ԤУɽӹЩ⣬ͱ뽻ˣֻϺ϶ҽھܾ
տ˵Ļǹɺ
뻢ڣôоѡ
ү⣬⣬Ŀһ۳ϺóҲ˵ˣ˵˲㣬Ȼȥɵ˼
ô죬ڵĺΰ
ڿջϴһ飬һɾѣž
һץֻа˻ľʬ嶼ûҵ
ȥھΣүһȥ˼һҸһӵĸ𣬶ŵģҲ˳ŵҪЩɡ
⣬ȻûһԸߡ
һҲ㿴ˣǺˣҶǺˣΣյʱ򲻷ǡ
ôõĶңʲôطȥҡ
Ҹһ˶ʮǺܶ࣬ӿԻؼȢӣȥһС⣬ЩҪ
ڴҿôõĶǴŵҵģҪˣԺͻزˡ
ǲֻڳҡ
ĿŴҵǿҪˣǺܺõĻᣬǣҲ뿪
һ࣬һҪǹӻǣͳ˵꣬Ҵδֹӣ˻Щȥ˶ԼҲԹùӣҪڹߡ
֮ǰֵСҲͷھε֮ǰɽԹ˵ЩĺܲӦãΪ˱ôŬ˵ôĺûʱһֱھΣӵǸȴûǹӲūţūԸһźӡ
һϿˣܸмЩ˻
ңҲʧҪŵùҾ͸Һúøɣһǻ˲ӣû˵ҵĸдҳĺʱ򡣡
ҾôôֻʮóôһǮԳӰ죬óҴ󶯽ǡ
ֻҪҵ⻹ڣһж⡣
үһҲοĿŴҵ˵ĶԣһȻóһһǮóҴ󶯽ǣֻҪҸźúѳҵ£ǳҲṼҡ
ʱҶܿˣȻҪúһ
Ĺɣҹдһţ˿ӱͻȥ
뾩Ǻ֪ܻܽŵҲԶĹͣŵл
ү˵֮󣬳үҲͬ
һȥǰɣֻһη˿Ρ
һֱòԾз˿ûǰߴδ£һγҲǺصģ֪˲ࡣ
û뵽ǳ£Щ˿ǰ̶Ӳץ̶Ӳץƫץ˳̶ӣδЩ̫ˡ
Ҳ⣬ͷͬɵеұѺʱ䲢δ˵ʲô쳣Ҳ֪ǺҪǣѾˣʱ£ǵ⻹ôȵ֮ٻȥ
Ҫǰү϶ŻذǣйڣҲȥһȦ
ȳŵҲ
һǣʱһذǡ
С
ɽӹ󣬳ҵЩƹһ˾֮̽ڶˣɲǺ۸ģȻŮӣȻģȴмġ
¥һ֮󣬱¿ҵ
׼Ҳ˰ζ¥ƹ


429̫

ζ¥ϵ֮꣬ǰй̶ĿԴΪֵĹϵһˣֵ˹ٸֵ˾֪ҲúܶϹ˿֪ǳڵңΪְ˻ģյµ˵¡
ҵľ¥ҵǱһԵ̬ȣǱŻȥչ̬ȣٵһǱ
׼Ȼû¥⣬Сڿҩ̣׾֮
Դ˸ºͣÿһζ˶⡣
¥֮ǰĵСȻûҪˣ¥µֻдںæµĴʵӣԸϹ֤ˡ
»ĵСǰ׼úý̹ģһúܣԿ˶ܾء
ζ¥Ƿһ㣬е˵ĸоһˡ
ǰֻһλڰζ¥ʢʱ򣬺ǲֹһλģֻǺ⽥ˣ־Ͱ˸ˡ
ζ¥ֻʣһˡ
һж˶ѭ֮Уζ¥ܺŹ֡
׼ʲôѯ˺ܶɵҲ˵Ķ˵Ľ鶼һ顣
ڰ׼޶֮ˣҲþֻ֮ǰձȽϻţ֪⣬֮鴦
ʵ׼ѹر󣬵ĵҲر࣬ľãò˵ϿɣͳһǹϵһҸ£
ԶѹϤ£űҶģҲŷˡ
ɴųֱȥ˺æ˶ֽˣرǳأڴӴһʱ֮󣬶Ժܡ
ʮָմˮŮŮôŮӾ͸ԸզģҪԺкˣ˵һ䣬ķˣȻʲôǻúʧ
ȻⲻؼģؼԼιҪʲôҵģö
ǾŮӻҪѧһЩ֮
ڿæ֮󣬺Ĭȥ˺æ
æòУŻкܶ˶û
ɶԳ˵ջǺŵģԿŵСĵӣһһֱһԵĿ̨Ͽʼ
֪˭δٷҪ³ǲû
мһ֣֪ûУһɳ˵Ķ֪ǻġ
һɫζȫĲװ̺󣬳غԾĵ˴˵ĵС
һԵĴܺ棬Ͻóͣ£ÿӼһһζʱˡ
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ΪŸҳ˸Ŀ˳ԡ
֪ɵĳûֿʼæµ
㣬ǰǰʮˣĿҲɢȥ
ظоЩۣվںԺԺûĴ˴
ʱİ׼ÿһĻ۵ǰųż˾úϢһᣬֲ˿㹤Ǯ֪ôƴʲô
۰ųһһš
תٺһЦͦ˼ģǰû飬һ£оܺðûô
Ҳ߳жһӣƼڴεģĵеʧ䣬Ҳ֪ôˡ
պ³˺ͳصǣ£Ȼ˵ȴǵúܡ
ؼɳˣϽһĿ׼֣ȥжŵʲô
ɹһĨЦѹеĵǣ͵ԵĲ˰ղҵģ׼Ĳ˶ˣ׼϶Ҫ׼һˡ
ĲУ˳Եġ
ҲȥԼʢ뷹׼ҲϽںʢһ뷹˳ȥ
ûʣˣСʰӡ
Ҳûɶģڽһ£һ˷м̻ʵĳš
׼ͳضЩˣɻһ㣬Ȼеһֱڳˣ̵ζûθڡ
׼ɺͳмвˣһߵⲻչƾûôˡ
⻰΢΢ü˵տҵܶΪ˴֣Ϊ˵չģЩĿĺܼ򵥣Ѱζʦû⣬׼ЩҪˣ¥һֱһɲ䣬ҳ˲ҲͲˣЩҶˣǺܸɵˣԳƳ²ˣֻҪ²˳úõĻԸǽ
ǰİζ¥̫һɲˣյԽԽ
ȻгԵʣĻΪƷòܻӭµġ
һĹ̡


430˸

ôãһǾѭ򽥽ĪһӾͰ׬뷨ԸͷϾ˭Ⱑ˶ûɶý֡
ϣľǰ׼Ϊɼ
˵ЩҲ׼̤̤ʵʵġ
׼˵֮˼һͷ˵ҶˣˣҿֻбǲߵСƣҲûнҿǳ׵ļǺˡ
ʱֿԹޣ룬ֿ϶Ҫġ
΢΢üΪֱ͹ٸʵһ㣬û뵽־Ȼơ
ֲΪݡ
ο΢עһ־ͺã鷳ֱңġ
ǰǣ־ҪҲһЩıơ
ȴһǸ鷳ֻңС㲻úýѵͲճ
׼Ŀһ۳أοҪ鷳ҿҹٲǰǣֻҪ̫Ͳɵµġ
ھ¥ѾҵˣҲܺãǴҡڵĹ鷳ƳԿǳ֡
ҪǳʵʵģҲȥ
֮һжҪԼôա
˷ɻкܶæͺͳ뿪˾¥
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Ҿ¥ƹֹܣһιҲûΪҵƹֻô˼䣬ûҪԭΪֲ
ҲĿǰԵ⡣
뿪˾¥ؾЩǳˣҪ̫İ׼ӦԲ
ǰ׼ҩ£Ƚɢһ㣬ÿкܶҪһҾ¥ãҾ¥׼ܣе㲻ˡ
һ۾Ϳ˳صĵǣһȴûȰ˵زҪģǾͦõġ
Źɵ˺Զεôһ㲻İ׼
֪ɿ϶ԾˣȴԸ⿪ڣڻ̲סѯʡ
ŵĹεЦЦ˵̫ˣҪŰ׼֪֪Ҫ֪׼Ǻصģϵѹõǡ
Сʱ򣬰׼ҩõչ˺ܺãûг©
ص飬ҲŰ׼ʵ
æһЩۣ˦˦ֱ۵ȥӱ߹һ°ɡ
뵽ߣȻܳ߶ڼﳭд𾭣ÿķΧޡ
ûԶ͸оЩԾ˸ţֻǴֲȷֲһͷȥ
һԿһۣԶһ黨С̯̳ų˹ȥװѡ̯ϵ黨
ز֪ɵ˼̯ϵ黨Ϊϲѡһɫ֮ǰĶ׹ɫ񰡣ҪȻǶһɡ
ɽӹе黨һóرʱķ򣬽Ÿز黨Ŀյ˺һۣϵȻ࣬ȴܺñϡ
ʶҲúܣģȴ˾
ۼİ黨ȡݸϰԣǰ
زδֲףЦĵǴһĶ׹ӣһ黨ɺãմȥʲôط
ɸͭǮųصǰߣߵķȴǺӱߡ
ЩɻߺӱҪ֡
ϴδȥӱߣΪɲǵ·ˡ
ѹ˵Ҳ˵ʲô㶼ҵģ濴һܿ
ѹסҪ󿴵ĳ嶯ĵ׺ǵǣǲǳʲôˣ
֪϶Σգѵ˸ˣ
ò˵صӻǺܹõģ΢΢ͷ˸ǣ˺һˣûӱǲȥˣ˶ĵطߡ
ֲɵӱ˱ϡ٣Ȼ֪ΣջȥӱߣҪǳʲôô졣
ڴҲõǡ
ɼԶһҲ弣˿̲˺ֱܶ࣬ų˽ȥ
ûѡ¥ż䣬ֱ˴С
µСкˡ
ʶ張ƹƹ
Сܿ뿪ڹ̨ƹ˵˼䣬ƹ˹
͵͵Ŀһ棬ȴǹſǻ
ܴʲôò裿
ƹǸϻ۵ˣ˵ǰûи˵Ҳ֪ǳҴСﲻá
Ϻõ
غܺһ׼һСʳ⡣
˵ƹʹһɫƹͷƹ߶˼䣬ƹЦЦ뿪ˡ


431¼ı

ɺͳؾʲô¶ûһ㣬ȲԵġ
ŵЩˣǽҪѵɺͳصģرǹɣֵܼ򵥣ù֪ǰǣ˭ĵ̡
ץɿ϶ⲻһᡣ
СǳֵֶҵûݹϵϾϵ̫Զˡ
ƽͳҲûʲôϵҪǳָӣѵһ¹ɣ˶Ӵ
õ֮һһǰһ·϶СţŹɷ
Ĵϣͬߵ˺ܶ࣬۲죬ɺͳؿ϶û
Աߵĺαе㼱˵С磬˵ҪȶðѾͷȥȲôˣڶû
վ˰ʱˣɺͳڳԸȲ衣
СƳһۺα룬ͲˣǮ˼ҵϷ̨ǰ棬СŲ裬ܶܲһ죬ĵžˡ
ɺͳسŵСĿյһ۹̨ȴƹЦЦ˵ͷ
غѵİӶϵȲȵÿģ͡
˵Ź뿪弣ȥʱ˾͵ʲôûֱľʹӳСǰ߹
СϽͺαϡ
ɺͳûԶֱ߽һԵС
αСҪȥϽһס˳ССҷֲԾѾͷȥСʲôСر١ǾùɺͳûдѾС˳ȴôƫƧĵط͸Ź졣
֮СΪǡ
Сȴͷİһ˦ѵ˵ӣʲôʱôˣʲôˣѾͷܰôˣҪСˣװ·ǣҲ˵ˣ٣úʰ˶಻ö֣پͺöˡ
˵깴ǣֱӽӡ
αֻܸϡ
ɺͳߵò죬˶ڵź˸ϣһת˽Ųӿ˽Ų
Сôùɺͳ뿪ϾôãǰõĻᣬӿһˣ˲Ҫġ
Կ첽ǰҪ׷ɺͳء
αûˣҲϽ
վסαŭһ
ɺͳضһۣǹǵȵľڰ
˿£Ҳûŵ뿪תЦ˵λվסѲʲô£
αƺһһ˿ĸоʵǳصı̫ˡ
ĸоúܲãСûӣȴһ÷顣
ôһڳСߣǿ˳СûӵӣҪǳʲô£СҲġ
Слϲ˲£ЦСѾͷԹԵĸߣҲٳԿͷ˭ǵ˲õˣýôˡ
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ƫԴ۽ȴԵΧǽͷϡ
Ӱ󣬳׵İˡ
ĿųСǳֽģ
Ҫ˵ˣǾֻг֣ƹദܺãڱ£һֱǺһ
Сһ£ȴ̷ϣ˭ǲʶ˭вӦ˳ֲ͸¶ȥġ
ȻӦ˾Ҫ£һĭһɲԶŲǡ
رĵĿһ۳Сͺα룬ǾúαȳСǱλ˵˵˭ģʵǲ˵Ҳ֪˭ϾǿûʲôˣҪ˵УҲֻг֣ô򵥵벻浱ɵ
˵꣬ſ֣ʱϺΧǽ߸ˣҲˡ
ʮǳҵļҶǹٲ
СٲʱˣЩҪʲô
ľǸٲ򽻵
û뵽ٲȻˡ
عһЦóС̫ЦˣһԵĺαȴеͣͷ˵ڲǸ˵ģش˭ģǱСĻŶ
αӷֹɺͳһ㲻µʱ򣬾˼ҪôһС
ٲͳҼҶĳ֣񣬵ֻǶݵģΪѾҪֺͳСˡ
̻һΨΨŵŵӣͷСϢŭСϢŭ¸ûϵҾǱСƭųӵģ˵ҪѾͷ鷳Ҫ֪ǳС㣬ǸһٸҲҰ
˵꣬ɾЦˣҲװˣ˵Ļ©ٳܲܲҲ


432²

αһ֪ˣղ˵˵ʵɺͳض֪𰸣ڳ˳Ҳûϵ
ֽҲȥðɣοСҲûиӣһҲǮ
۾һתϽ˵ʵ˵ʵֻϣҴᷢ䡣
СαҪˣ⻹ûȥٸˣʱͼ˵αôӦҵʱô˵ġ
С˵꣬ԴϾͱһλҶصһ¡
һλٲ㻹ǹܺԼɣ˵ЩǶˣҪǲúõй˵ĻʹľˣΪôһӣڴʮµģҲ㰡ҪǣھʵʵĽˣ˵̬Ⱥãᷢ䡣
СǽģȻ˳ֵӣҲѳָûָʹǣԼҪġ
⻰һһԵĺα뵱ͷǵģйǳҵС˽ѵɺͳأֻ˳СǮԾ͸ˣٲ֪ˣԺԲ¡
αʹıҲźαͳС˾;úЦ
ҧңҧģҲ֪ʲô
С˵ʲôһſھͱٲֹѳСҴߡ
α뱻ѯ֮ŷ֣α֪Ĳֻ֪࣬СǰûийύҲϳСģóСæ
Сһӣֵֻģ˵ֻǽѵɺͳأȴû뵽ڽӵʱ򣬳С˶ĵ뷨
ʱڵʱС˵䣬еùġ
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˲ôǷǣȻŹġ
ٲĵ֪Ķ˵ˣȻȥּңʣµͲҪˡ
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ٲҲûΪѺα룬СȻǸֽӴˣȻǹѺСȽҪˣα벻һصĽɫ
ⰲУֻҪ΢һƦǶ֪αֻһССȴȺαܶࡣ
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˲һߵſڣͼ˺Ѿվڴſڵš
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Ҫ˵ʧʧӦǣϾ棬֪̰˳Ҷӡ
ǹɲ˱˲ԾĵطֻҲץס档
Ǳûиּƽˣȴűǡ
·ϼҶ˵ˣǳСͲʲôˡ
ڰҲǳһҪǷ磬СץһϷ䵽Снֿ֪
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˵һεΪǲԭµġ
һǳ֣¾ͷŭȻ£ûиƽϣȻ棬Ըǡ
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һҲʴˣ֮ǰͳȥٸҲûѳôţֻк˵˼
ǺĴԷҪҪʲôԥġ
һε²ˣһҪٲҲҪ׷ףһˣ˵һξеڶΡ̫˽ˡ
һʴȵĳҲ¶׹⣬һγָҶԹɺͳ֣ǾԲĵġ
Ҳ㻹ǹϲܼѪ㲻ùˣղҪţֵ
ѾĵˣһξԲŹ֡
ţǸ鷳
ɲϲŴѾСˣ˭֪һλ᲻Σա


433¼ƽ

ԣһγֿ϶ܵѵ
ڼеųСĺϢԶֶǺܲϲģϾڰǳĻӡ
һҪΪ˶ԸɣҲȥҳС
ڳƹڰҲɨء
ҪһҲһ˰ǵЦһֻҪʶ˶ָָ㡣
˵ӹÿ಻ԣһжǹɵġ
ǰүͳڵʱ򣬴ܾ¥£˵¥ġ
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Ůһ͸ȥȫ¥ңһСָء
ԹɵԹ޿˵رǿҵġ
ȥȴŵС˽˽
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ֻûӦٲѾߵǰ
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һǰѳСͳֶˣԺڰǵСˣҲ֪СһεùѺá
ٲĿһۺα룺ʱߣ㻹ȥ֤ĲΪġ
αһ࣬ʱٲû˵Ҫȥš
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ʱףΪʲô֣࣬ôһӾҪˣǳ֡
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̾ϢһҾе벻ͨΪʲô뺦ǣץ˻ϣʵɺ޵ġ
׳ش˿鲻ã飬Ҳġ
οЩأԾԶԼǴģкܶహĵط
ϱӵϣȥ֮ΪһӾȻҪ޸һ򣬻ҲϺġ
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Ҳ˶ôǺٵģϻǺ˶࣬ϣرЩӰ顣
ػЩĵǰܶҺ͸˵ҵݲǺܶ࣬չ˾չˣôһֱչ˱ңû뵽տӺǵȴЩݣǶƹǶ
ʱ룬ΪʲôҪñҵأʲô˵ʲôúֱˡ
˼棬ȴĽ
Ҳһ΢΢һЦʵֻҪʶˣñҵĻҲкôģݵĺã㿴ǼңкܶݰʲôҲء


434Ľ

֪ǣҲͬ˵Щ
˶һġ
˵׻̫ˣŪ
ĳصļ򣬰ο룬ϽԷ˷˯ɣ췢̫飬Щˡ
ûθڣڷȥϴ˯ˡ
ڶģɾˣһʱϰߺ⻹ǺϤҪ˱ԱҪ˼
ڳ˳ֱȽ̰ģƹ񶼻ãЩĿܵ˵Ǻܺõġ
ʱ򣬾ͼУǰһ˱Щۡ
֪ѹܴ󣬴ССôҪ
ңߵʱֻǰ˱˹ɣʲôû˵
ҵô࣬ڣ÷ƹģ֮Ŀ˹ɡ
㲻Ϣһ᣿
Ҳ𴲣˳Űɿ˱ȻǺܶ򵥵Ļܿġ
̾Ϣһеεܾ꣬ﲻ̤ʵЩ˱ǽҪģȻˣ˯һɡ
ǲܳȥˣȥҲ
Ϊ˲ֵٴη
ǱѺˣֵļ˶Ǻúõģ˭֪Щ˻᲻ʲôǽ
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ѹеĴʯͷûˡ
һֱĳΣգʲô⣬ںˣ֪ûҲͷˣ֪ͳүȥ˾ǺҲ֪ô˵ˡ
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ɵɵЦݡ
գʵѾƹϾץҲнµʱ䣬үȥҲдˣʱһֱƹܳҵ⡣
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񣬵֪Ѿȫּ޷Щƹ񣬹ź֪ܿϢˣʱҪúÿЩٵ
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ûй£öƹǶ֣ɲһƹܳе⣬ҪʲôǿԵġ
ҳҵԺҲǹɺͳùϤЩҲкô˰ʴȵʱʴȣʴȵʱһҪĺ
˸顣
ʢװ磬ֻҲΪ˵ЩȲסƹ
Щ׳˵ĻôأôˣԽԽˡ
µ֮ǰЩ˾ס̽ҺüΣ벻ʱЩƹͻ֪ûµϢ˭˵⣬Щƹֿɶüסˡ
ЩƹҪȳͳүĿıǰЩ˵ֶסҲҪ͸¶ȥ̬ȣǲɺĳҡ
΢΢ͷ뷨ǶԵģȻҺһȥɡ
Ȼϵ£ɵļǿܰ
Ҳɵ˵Ļо˶ߡ
ҲҪȥ


435°

֪ЩƹľΥһ棬һ棬һͲǺöرׯƹôòǺö
֮ǰƹ˺أͦҲôֺˣƹȴԽԽЦαúܣΪ͵ˣ˵Ҳˡ
ɵׯƹͲǺöҪúòһ˱
Ŀǰͷƹһ˲ԾȻϣȻץסƹһֻ档
˵ȤôƹǺˡ
һֱûóعܹϵ£ԳسԴöҲû̫ƣƽֻҪ£ֱӽгׯ˹
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ƹ˿ȴƹһ͵û뵽ƹҲ֮ǰҲȥƹ񣬽ܾˡ
ƹº󣬱˵һĿġ


436»

ƹ֪Ϣ֮ԥҪҪĻ
ʱĵġ
ջѡˣʱֺãܱȳүֺ֮Ҫúܶ࣬ҲˣһףҲͷԵˣҵԺ϶йϵҲ˽ˣǸбµģԼչҩƺ˵һ굽ͷҲ׬ӣҽȫûѾͷ
ҽӹܳôöû©ѳָ⵹ˣҪָ֪ǲһֿǳҵˣȻԶףҲݰ
ֶ֣ܶҲһĺݣҪǣ˶һжĬϵģһλᱻѺܳһʱ䣬˵Ҳǳȥġ
˵ֺ˹ɣҲһδ
ҪڳҼȥһǱҪģҹǺܹؼˡ
ƹƹˣҲʹ뿪
ƹֱϲ˼䣬Ҳˡ
ȵ˺󣬹ɿ˳صʲô뷨
Ʋ죬һЩҲ˼ţҲ֪ǵôģѵ֪ʱž֤ǸмϸôҪúòһ鸮У˭ڶͨ籨ţҪǲԺһһǶˡ
ǲ顣
Ҳ࣬û뵽Ǽлмϸ֮һ飬˳Ҳôһˡ
ҰȻ̫ˣºܶԼݡ
ɺͬ⻰ұ״̫ˡ
ƹ黹ûسҲ֪ƹô¡
˼ƹҵǲ֪ʲô⣬ȻQˣҪúõһģʱˣ㲮Ҫһ²ܹңһҲԪˣʮСĿ
˵ôǮʮɲСĿЩӾǶҲһСɽҰóȥ֮󣬼Ҳûôԣˡ
ڣⲢδܵʲôӰ죬ԴԴϵ׬ǮҲΨһοɡ
ʲôӶʮǺܶ࣬˵һӴ֣ⱲƺŬ׬ôӣʲôأû˻׬
ϵĿų˵˵ܽûӣҶ뿪кܶҪ飬ʮҲֶѣ׬ǮΪ˻ǮĸҵǾãԵĻǮԶػ̣رǴ̣Щֵõġ
ܾĻп𣬵̺լȴһرǴģǽιֺ̣ȶֻҪ˾Ͳӷﻹ˵ǡ
΢΢ͷ˵ĺеȵȻʮ͸ף˶ʮء
ǳҵĵ̣ôҲڼּңҲûҵĻӡ
ֶ𾪣ɴ۾ȻôǮ
˺ԺЦɲǣôҲڼּң㲮Ҳһ˷ѵˣغͽҲ£Щ㶼ȥˣͳȥ˵һԪˣѾûˣΪʮ
ҪһЩ˵
ҲǱȽӴļ壬Щ֪Ǽûˣʲôӵľٶأ;úܺ档
زûǮ˻ֵôʱӦĵģ
ͦģʱͲӦȥ
֪뷨ĵĽ֮ǰǮʱ򣬺ܶ˶ҪͽԲԣЩ˸ֺãôܿ˭ģ˭Ǽ⣬ǿûǮˣʲôӺԭα¶ҪѧϰģҲҪģԺ֪ʲôܽύʲô˲ܽύ
ҲһξҪЩţ񡣡
һҲûţڶϢ˳ȥǵ˶䶯ˣڵ֪һθʮ֮󣬺ܶ˶𾪵ġ
ʱҲϢ˵Ѿǿпˣ⳥ʮ󣬳ҳûǮˡ
ǰЩͽֺóҵˣ̶Q˳
Ҫ֪ʮɲСĿ˼ʣ
Ϊ˾ȳֱӸʮӣǾȳˣӦҲûɶˡ
Ϻܶ˶ۣǮʱְͽֺãûǮʱ͸侮ʯ
ճ˺͹ļʶġ
ǰ޿ıǳҵݣ˵ҲչҵݣССݸ˲٣ҲǶ˺á
ЩϢ󣬾һȺţΪ׵ıǳ˵Ĵ磬
ѾʮüñȽϺڣϣԺͳƹΪ¥ǺܴҲǺܴ󣬱չ˸磬˺ͳүҲû档


437º

ϵĵǺģΪܺ˶ûмƽϹ
ϵĺ˵ʮΪʱˡ
һֱԼǺܴˣզ¾ͺͿˡ
ʮʮӣһӣʮ
ʮҪٸûУȻΪ˳˷ôǮ
ôҲǺμҵˣ㻹ôֶأΪ˽óʮôҲŴôӰɣôһӾͰóȥЩ˿ܣЩӿܶ¡
Թ޳˰ôӸ˷˿ܣҵֶ
һֱԼȻû飬֮仹ڵġ
Щ˵ֱš
һξҪ֤ģȴ׽ˣ˵ɥĻ
ôԹȥ˳ǰҵֶ
ޱʧǵҵĺӣܻҶԸȽ
ͿŭֱӴ˳˵Ļ
һŭϺͿˣץ֪ǵģǷ˿ҪӣҪ˵ûӣЩ˿ܸɱҪģٸ׷ҲûǺùӳԣʲô²á
֪˿ҪôӣʱӦֹ
ʮ֪ôǮҲ԰˳ҪǮ
˺ᣬЦһӾ˽Ҳڣǻ˵ģǾͲ˵ˣҲûˣʮͿ˳ңԺϵҲ
뿴жʧ
һҪϵ⣬ʱվ㡭ϵͲ׬Ǯϵ
һСϵӿνǷúܣӹҲܺãʮӱȽϺùİɡ
ЩΪ¥ԭ˵ǳҵľ¥¥ģÿԵĽһӣ˺ͳүҲûйʹ
ҹ⣬Ժǻкӹ
һ֪ܰ
ҪǣûˣҪҲòôˡ
۾һתãҪȻɣǳҼҴҵҲһӣŽûѾ¥ķҰɣһ
û뵽ĵ
ЩҪռұ˵ƹܹʲôϾΪҿ⣬Ҳ׬ôӣ˭Ҳﲻƽ⡣
ǰλĸ簡ôһֱڰ硣
ͷȻ˵ȲҪĻ
̲סЦ
İġ
ǰδЩѣû˭Űοһ䣬˵Ǽóʮһ׷ˡ
׸磬Ȼֺ档
һԺųĳ˵ļ򣬰οĸ𼤶
˵꣬ЦźҪ棿ƾʲô
ǰλǳľ˾ˣղųѾСץ֮󣬺ûʺһ䣬һֱԶԶġ
ʮŴȥãȻˡ
ﻹΪӡ
û㲻㣡Ϊ֪һʧأںУٲһҲûϵ
ͻȻ˵Ĺɺ֪ܲɵģҲ֪ǳδٷˡ
ԹûһøУϾ֮ǰҪԼСŮ޸ġ
ԵģǱúͱϷ룬ֻϧͲСŮһۡ
ü˭˵ķô
ҲĵУҪ˵û˵ݵģӦ㣡Һһү㷽˵Щúܶģ
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ָŹɾͽ㶮ʲôйأŲԶ޲ҡ
ʵ̫ˣһûм޽ҵѾͷȻ˵ôصĻ
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ľȡ޶ȵݣѺɳ䵱ô
ץΪ˾һ㶼ûǿһۣô
˽⣬˵ĵȥоֻкһ磬Ůÿһӳ׳˶˴񣬿˵ȫԵˡ
˵˲ǷʲôǺ
һε̫ʧˡ


438Ĳ

ָŹɣ˸״㿴úÿѡĶϱأ֪سȻвҡ
ҲǸƢҪǹţˡ
滹ҵһأʱվвզˣҵɽ˵ĶԣңɽȫҶϲģⱲҾɽһɩӣҪǺһ˾ˣͽмҶȥˣǣǡܶģҸµʱ˭ʹĹ
˵ί
֪ﻹǺܻ˵ģȻô꣬μ˶ûʲô¡
֪򲻵ѻ᲻þѵġ
͸ղţ˵һ׵ˣݲҪҲա
ѩֻ̿ϣҪ侮ʯ
ͣһ£ŵˣЩȫǺĶŮŮһأ֡
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һһָţǰЩ˶ʧ
ָŵеĵͷҲкܲģδ¾֮һ
δվƺߵùôǮһôˣһӺܶôǳʮóһӾǳĶ飬˵ȥҲ±Ц
һˣôֺһүֵָܷһҵļҲء
ǷֵһҲҲ㹻˰
ڣȻʮȥȳǸ׳ա
гǰ׳գôǮȻȥôΣյĵط֪ȥ߶ΣգڰʵʵĴŲͺˣȻ۰Ͱ͵ĳȥ˿ץס˿ʮ
һ뵽ʮóȥ˷˿ܣܵúܡ
һʧδ˵ЩһѰĿڣôû˵ĺãڿЩʲô⡣
һȺǰһ㲻֪жȻԹˡ
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Ĳ
δƳһ۷ŭĳصһҼҵ˵ʲôأв˵㣬ô˻û˵һ£ҲԺ޲ȥҪҪһ
ĵǲϲ˺ͳүģ̫ѶϣľҲǿ⡣
֮үͳķ涼⡣
ǰ˵Ҫǳҵļҵһ룬ֻ˴⣬ʲôĶڻ¡
ذһۺδ£С»ֲǹܣЩ˵˵ղһǲھͻôǼҲûеõʲôôҼҼҵģʲôϵǵݣ⻹ˣ
׵ɵˣʱĹ̫̫δһȫһģӿ̳ģԶ֪ˣˣͳǣҲûаõĸ
δ±ܲӣùã̳Ĵҹ㣿
Ҳ̲סЦ˵ûôҲûٰǣ˵׻Ĳ㣬֮ǰһţϵĵȵ׵ʱ͸ǣץûһѯʣҲû˰ŵһǰ㣬֪Ǽһʮؽʱȫˡ
Ѿȥˣ´ҶףһСΪʲôΪסʮӾ͸Ͻˡ
óʮӳȥһûٴˣʱ̺ôҪȵûӵʱǻʣʲô
˵Ļô˵㲻˰ôá
˳㻹ǵð˼Ҷ˵޳ȥŮóȥˮҶûüټױôڣҾڶǺã㺢ǵļȢ˺ӣҶľŴ˵һ٣ҵ˼һȻ٣ô˻ɣǼҲùˣҲƲһˣһһϵ˵Ҳһǧ˰ɡ
һҲ٣߰˰˵Ӷڸ
ǰúһҺùһ㣬뷨̫ãʵϣЧȴá
סˣû뵽˻˵̬ȿܼ


439Ƣ

ǰδЩ飬űϾѪһҾٲܹˡ
һֱţүҲ֪Щ£Ҳ֧˵ҲûһǰԲģ׵Ŀ˳
ЩԶ֪㣬Զ֪ж
ĵ̾Ϣһڿ棬ıǿܶ࣬Ҳܵܶ࣬Щµʱǲ¶ģ
˽˵ģôԼãǰһصĳˣȻ˵Ļ
δȴΪƲƲùɲ˵ѪŨˮǲǱСӸƻˣǰġ
ָŹɣֻ˹֮󣬳˶ǵ̬Ⱦͱˡ
ŭʮ˭Сӡ
˵ɫҲһڵɵǸ
ԸĶϱԸۣδʲôȻҵɣûѳҷУҲûѹɷУ¿ɲ̡
ƫͷźδû˵һǿˣܹš
δҲƾʲôҪҸǸмϵùֶѵһѾͷҲԸǣ
δǰͺģֻ˵Ǵ˳˵ĵߡ
Ͻǳδ£¸СǸȻСδٷˣͲ˵ĻҲɵóڳҵĵλܳȻһҡ
ųغͳ˻Źɵӣĵеܡ
˵Ҳǳ˵ĸ磬֮Ȼ
δ±˹ɾͱŵǸӶˡ
Ǳ֪ǸҲˡ
ӲͷƤԲ𡣡
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ͣһ£ѪмȻӱǻ˵ʲôҲɵӣһСʦڵҲȫˣðѾ˵˵ϵľ¥֮ǰֵһӣ¥򣬻ǰ¥ԼݵķҾһӣǮϰѾ¥ķ㣬¥жҲ͸ˣԺ硣
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ڡںѪ飬ʲô˼ɡ
סˣһŵĿŹɡ
Щƣҵ˼һǾ¥ֵֹһҲҶ֣Ҳһǰ㣬Ҳӭǡ
ŵòУ˵ĻֱҪ
һôһֱڳ˵İ˵ӿԹôã붼ǳ˵Ĺ͡
ڳҪƲϵû˳˵İԺô
ʱ֪ˣϽĺģеĺμ˶
δһѱһĿߵù㲻֪ˡ
Ҳһš
˺ʧҡͷһӶ˵Ҳ࣬һӳǣǾͿˡ
ҲûʲôģµŪܹ˭ֺĲ㡣
ͷҲ֪ʲô
վһ۹ڵϵ˵ɣǿҲûõģǵһ㣬㲻ģ֪ʮ֣Ҳô£ĵôǣ֪ǵľٶöѹһֱǵˣǵʧ
ͷ֪ܵˡ
ЦЦֻһ֪ˣۣҲе˵ȥɣңҪ֪ô
⻰ʵúƿԡ
ز뿴һ˼ļ⣬޿䣺ǺûУ¥ҪǲҪ黹ܶ࣬ûôʱǡ
ǰȻϲһңϾݣռҲν
ǿ˺ҵȻ̲ˡ
΢΢ҡͷɬһЦϸ֣ûһܶӣû˿ϵ


440

滹Ǻܴģǳ˸棬һӶôľ¥治࣬ת׬Ǯ
ֻǿϧԺڳ׬Ǯˡ
ͻȻúڣΪʲôҪʳˡ
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ȸˡ˵ŰƱһԵϡ
ùһۣһƱҲټƽʲôǺһܼҡ
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ģˣĺʧ
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ĵҲܣôůһʯͷҲůȺˣءһӵİǡ
ĳصļ򣬰οҲˣڻ˵ҲǺ£ĸ㲻Թɡ
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һ߷߲ƽǰǣǰʲô£ͷϣûоܾ£˵ҲգҲûʹһδǼʧʮһпأˣůǵ²ܿ
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һ̫̫͹ǣݡĲҡ
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˵ͶװɣҪɡ
ҲϽǰ㣬Ҫˣ㿴Ҹ綼ãһӶֿģ㶨ףײǺܺôҺϣһȻҿԱСֶŮСֶ
ų͹ɺãɩ϶ˡ
˵׻£еȽɣû£ĥôãòʧ
Ȼӹ⣬Ȼܴ⣬ÿ춼ĥô׬Ǯء
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441

ŹɵģǷǳţҪȻôѳôļҵиɣһķʽ
еΪѣͳˣ³еһû˿⣬ڡûأȻ˵δٷˣԲ˳ģҲá
ƼһΪûлشЩˣߴٵ㻹ʲôֱӴӦûһģҪѳҽ͸Һܿء
ɱ˳Ϊɩӣǿ϶ģԲôš
ԷǹɰŹɵúܡ
һЦҲӦҺͽ
˼ɲǲ޸Ϊмɻ䣬Ц⺢ôʲôǳ϶ϱһأͰĽ³ҵһУֻǻ㣬ģǶ㣬׬ǮǿǮûʲôȻʮȥ̻ڣû˽ǡ
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һԵĳצأҸҪǸԲ£ҵһĲ
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ȻһҲܶˡ
Щҹʲôܶ˼ҵСȻҲе̣׬ǮٶȻͷԣһȵϹɡ
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ɲǡǰƹȢ˳ҴС㣬ּ޸˳һ᲻հ


ɲߵ£ܶԽԽס
ЩҥԾһһ㣬˲䴵ǣùɾ
Ե޹ʾͶôҥԣ뵽˵
ЩúңȻҲ˳˵Ķ档
˶Գϲ׼£Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣôۣʼվϹҲס
ûʦأ׼ýžˣҰ׼ˡ
׼ǣȵɺͳ֮׵ġ
ǳ̫ڳزõĻˣЩ᲻óί
˶԰׼ĵ𾪣һľȡ


442°׼

׼˳еЩɲǶԳص
ɻһ㣬ϾͳĻ³ҳˣҲҲʲôڮٵĻ˵
ͳ֮ȴһΪû˵ףҵų˺ͳү˵£Աҷˡ
֮˰õýţ˳ҵţΪó˸ܵĳģš
վڳе㲻ʱʱĿһ۰׼Ļŵúܡ
ڳ˵ĸǰЦ⣬׼ʱų˵еġ
ô׼ѹ˵ףĳųһͬ⣬֪Ļأʱүͳȥҵʱ򣬾ͱȽ׼ϳүͰ״ϵܺã°˳ûġ
׼ϣʱοأýҲ˵ģһ˵׼ĺá
һֱý˵ȴû˵һ仰
ȵý˵꣬ſ˿ڵм仰ʰ׼
ýҲǴģЦĸѾ뿪
ѾҲȫ뿪ֻʣ°׼йԼĸŮĻð׼ӽš
º͵ĿŰ׼Ҳţ֪˵£Һ㲮ظˣȻϲأҲϲ㣬Ȼɢǵ£Һ㲮ֻһҪֻϣغþ͹ˣûӣûլԺЩ£ͬˡ
֪˺ͳү˼Գ˴Ӧ⣬Ϊ׼İ
ЦɵˣϽвĸ
׼ʱʲôΨô뵽˴Ӧôˬ졣
ڳҪ󣬸Ͳ°ûг˵ҲԳغõģһı֤ллĸһṼͲĺҰ׼ڷģⱲֻغãҴһЩӣﻹЩӣڰȻ򲻵̫լӣһһĻ򵽣ֻʱҪܵί׬Ǯٻġ
һĽĿųأǼᶨ
ͻȻЦôίأﻹӣȽ㰡Ժ׬Ǯ˻Ҿˡ
֪ð׼һԺӣֻ³һЩ׼ãϵ˵ϡ
׼˵⻰˼Ϊ˰΢΢ͷǵʱҼӣһһլӡ
һֱû˵ĳؿ˿ڣֹʲôӣ˼ȥլӡ
ɺͳ˶һ۶ˡ
εĻǳˣԼŮû޸첲գﲻζ
׼¾;ܾˣģúţ׬Ǯģ֮ǰ˵¥׬Ǯҷֺ¥ͦõģǰ˺ܶ඼ˣ׬Ǯġ
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֮ҪӪþ¥Ҫ˼
Ը˼Ϊ׬ǮôС
˼ǲǮȻ顣Թ
׼Ŀųص𣿡
ز⣬ʵʲô
׼ЦϺӰӴţңҵġ
׼׼ģӴãҲ֪ǰ׼İЩʱҪ˼ģҵ治ܶˣ׼Ҳܶˣ˵׼жıѵ˵ӣһϺӡ
΢΢ͷҲ˰׼뷨
˶˵Ļº⣬Ƚ϶࣬׼װɣʵ㲮ߵʱ˵ףҴӦﶼǺˣҲƷǳҲȱΨһϣܹĺá
׼ܳϿңĸģһŬ׬ǮعϺӣƲġ
а¾һҪú׬Ǯܹ˺ͳүΡ
Ҳл԰׼˵žãҾһ仰صҾ͵û硣
׼ҵΪѵôԲصĸһȥ׼׵£ίء
ϲأĺϲ
˶ϵǾͺãǳҲĿǳģһҪүöƸֻϣغãһұҪ˵Ҳ檵ģãȢⱲֻء
һ׼оҲ檵ģⱲֻء
ܳϿҵųأǰĽ


443 Ӧ

Щü٣ϲأȻֻԳغãоǳضĸС
һСӣûûӣȴһ㶼һݰԲܹ
оǳ˺ͳүǺˣɱĵֻ»ģСӹŶȥǺϧǰһС
м˵껰ý˽
ýЦ⣬һ¶˵Ǻܻģô˵һ£ҸҲ١
һžЦķе׹˳ÿΣҲΪǰζ¥ڰ׹ӵľӪ£νϣȻиΪ
ϵЦݺºͣһеид˽һʱζ¥⣬ڵʱúܶ౶
Ȼ֪󲿷ֶǹɵĹͣ˶Ϊǰ׼ıҲǺõģٲô
¾鷳ˣûһ⣬ѡûƵվף¾ǳˣʲôʱףõȵȣϾɵĻ¶û졣
˵ҲʵĻһû죬ǳغͰ׼Ļ¾Ͳܰ졣
ǹأҲ뻵ء
ýͷʾ⣺ǳӺ͹СĻ²֪ôģ
˵˻ûףûҲҪýŰɡ
˿˹ɣϣɺͳճףǲ֪ʲô˼
ɴ˵Ŀ⣬ЦЦҲûȽͿԶˣΪﻹкܶæƻ׵ģû뵽ô£Լƻȵ£˫ﶼѾͬˣҲֻһʽȤʱ鷳ˡ
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ýϵЦС͹ӵĻ¶ýڰֵðθһأ˫յ£ҪǣŻ¶м˵ʡĲ١
ԺĻ¶öãͿʡʡˡ
뷨ҲֻԺһ£֪ǲܵģһ굽ͷһξˣҪ˵һ¿ɲףúܡ
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̵ģֵСˣ鷳鷳Ǿ͵ȳӻʱţ˹С㻹֪ҵ֣ҶҺá
һѣɵǾԼˡ
ĪҪֻ֣Ű׼ˣʺõ䣬ǰ׼صĻ¾鷳ˣҲ֪ϲ˵ġ
֪ܶĻ÷зģЩʵ֪ôۺá
ÿЦһЩͬ˵СĪҪƽЩЩʵǼãúˣЩ˾ͻһ˵ģӣо಻һ׹Ϊ˵ʵڰҳ׹ôܸɵĺ٣һĺˡ
˵ýȻ˽ŮϢЩ˺ãЩ˲ãͷƵġ
˵˺ͳүͿǲá
෴óүͳ˶ˣ۰ԼĺӣΪѯʺӵҲغǵ뷨
ѡĳͶϱôûС
֪һЩ£ĵҲܾ壬ϽĽӴùɲһ㣬ܱҿҲпԭġ
УܱȵϹɵСɲࡣ
˵׼ҲǺܿõģ֮ǰҩͼΣΪ˺ƣҲǫ˰ζ¥ƹҲģϳϿҿңζ¥Ҳһĺˡ
Щǰ׼ĹͣԹɺͰ׼ϲġ
˵ʲô治Ҫ⣬Ȱ˵ϣʲôöԻǲԣ˻˵ģ˻㣬Ҫ˵ʲô㲻Ƿǵġ
̹Ц˵ĶԣǲǷǵģ˵ʲôǲˣҸصĻһ㣬ôҲûʲô飬㰲žˡ
˵꣬һԵѾ֣Ѿ߶ǰ˼䡣
Ѿ뿪ٴλʱֱһǮ
ֱӰǮ˺õһ⣬û¡
ÿǳǮЦøˡ
˫ֽӹǮ鼫õ˻йСģµһҶЩ½Ҿͺãͻȥѡɼա
˶ԹɸûһºͶġ
̵뿪׼ûߣ
е㼤Ͷˣɬһ۰׼ø׼ϣˡ


444 

ǹˣ˺͹ɼģҲĲ١
ģȻϣŮúãӹͺãӶҪġ
ɵȵ֮󣬲Ű׼ЩﲻҪȥƽϣЩ˾Ǽñ˺ã֮ǰؾܾ˺ܶ£Щ˼ǺģȲóеĴ˼ңЩ˼ѡ񣬿϶вʡ
ЩʵҪ׼˵
ͳĻһܶʵõģһѾͷεºܣȻȸ֦ͷˣЩҲܶࡣ
ȥЩôȻûںô˵ͳΪ֪ЩɲӰ졣
ػһˣΪЩ޹ؽҪ˵ĻӰǾ̫޴ˡ
ˣʲôġ
ԶЩȫѡ
죬ЩɢҥԵĵȷҾܾǼйϵƾǲģûӦǣǺûӡ
Щ˼ҶȢأܹͳҴùϵͿ׬Ǯ˵Ȣأ˵Ҫӡ
˼ҳǲмġ
һ洫Ͱ׼飬Ҳˡ
Ϊ׼Ĺϵúܶ˶ûˡ
Ҳͦεģ˵߰ɣϢʱѾˣ֮ҲˣܾðɣûʲôȥĿҲΪ˵ͱװ
Ҳϣ׼ΪܣοҪĻֱӿԺӣǳ´Ҫ˽ʲôܶ˶˵ʮȥǴģҾðֻҪڣӿ׬ġ
׼ͷ飬Ҳԥóˣûʲô˸Ҫġ
ܳϿҵûʲô˸ҪһҺͬĸ㰲ģҲЩ˺˵˵ģʲôӵ治˵ʲôҶŵġ
ȥ˵ʲôҲ֪Ҳ˺˵˵
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ڰ׼飬ȫ֪׼׵һУ˵ˡ
Ǻͬ׼Ȼ׼֮ǰϲɵ£Ҳû
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ϲ׼׼ദܿģҰ׼İҲܸܵ
׼ǰϲЩǲڵģؼֻ֮顣
°׼˷ó߰׼
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΢΢üҲû뵽֣Ȼڳţδ̫һ˰ɡ
Ҫ˵Ļûʹš
ĻĿģΪ˻ٵ¡
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һʱˣ˵ûжãʱ侭ȴ١
Ҳţ˵̫ˣʱȥԼô
һҪעⰲȫҺͰ׼ͱˣֲɵٺ˼ġ
е㲻̹Թ˵䡣
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ҪţгҵⲻֹڰǣĵҲúúù̡
һγҳʮúܶ˶궯ʱÿЩģЩǼ⡣
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ֱӾȥ˺Ժÿׯ˱
ƹܿ˺Ժڿϵ˱һܿͷ
ҲûʲôԲҵ飬ҪͿɡ
±ĵط˱ݸ˹ɵСЩ˱ϲŴģ֮ǰ˵Ҫ˱Ҿˡ
˵žͷ˹ɵԱߡ
ɶƹ⣬̧ͷƹЦЦƹɣׯôãľӪҿ˲ĺһһЩġ


445 

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ǰĳ֣û׬ӣ¥ڿ׵ʱֵܷһЩӡ
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ƹڿҵˣһĺδЩԿˡ
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Ҫ֪ׯÿ׬ӿɲһǰ㣬ӣҵʮ˼ҵ̶һڹÿֵӱƹģǰųÿôУһ껹ּܷʮӣĵ׶Щ
ÿҸҲ٣Ҳ֪㣬ϸųү˼ʮˣϻˣҲ᲻뿪Ҳȥˡ
û뵽ҪﲻǼٵġ
ллС㡣̱ȭм
΢΢ͷлл˵ģƹҶУҪأͲܿͻˣʱһ£ϣƹҪʧ
ϣסƹƹҲϣƹֵε˳
ҵⲻֹڴˣиҰ
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˶ܺãºͣӸҲġ
ɺ⣺ƹģҺͽӹʱٸƹ񽻽ӣӴҿˡ
Ѿ׼ϤҲǺõġ
ƹǻϲϽȥӽ
ɰ˱Ѿźˣƹλ꣬ǰһ
˵ͿǺܴ΢һĴŶʮ꣬СһĹֻʮ˾꣬˳ƹ񣬿ܺ
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Щһøŵѧꡣ
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ɶ̶⣬ƹҲˣֵܿҪúõĸѧ
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ɶһ˱ˣ̫֣ǻؼҿȽϺá
˳ׯȥһ˰ζ¥绹һᣬСʰ׼ڹ̨ô
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ȵ˶ˣɲתȥ˹̨
׼ڹʱע⵽ˣվſڶָָ˶ӣЩЦá
ΪЩ˻Źָ㣬ֱӰЩ˸ˣƺҵ˶ԸЩ˵ķ
ɳŰ׼һЦЩ˾Ҫݵġ
׼ЦãһΪЩ˲ء
ЩſںܾˣϿžڣҲ¥Ҳ뿪һž¥ָָ㡣
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Ű׼ϸһ
׼ʱϲˣӺðôû뵽
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ھ¥һ㶫׼뿪ȴżλṫӽ˾¥
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446 

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ռɫܺã֮ʱƯ˲٣Ҳġ
˵˼䣬õСǼӸ¥
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һˮҲ㣬̫æˣҲ֪飬ߵʱⶼˣҾһֱæգҲȥ˳ׯ߳Էġ
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ȵһԸмҪ㣬ǰǵˣӦ˽ЩӸɡ
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447 Ļ

им
׼кһֱӻȥ˳ҡ
˽⵽Ҫʳˡ
صҾҵ˳ˣһ˵˵üͷ壬һķŭ
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ڱܾǻϿԿ϶һийϵˡ
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ĸӦǶԵģˣ䲻ء뵽оһȻܶǮ˼Ҷ檣ϲһһ˰
΢΢ͷҲΪʲôԹԭ˵ĲûееĵҲּ令̵ˣ涼ǿԼӶúö࣬ʵϣ΢ͷ˼Ҷ֪еĵУѾʮ˻δףҪԭûԸ޸ԼҪȢǮƵС㣬һֱôţкԺŮ˿ɲ٣֪ģĸɣһԺĻ
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448 

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449 в˭

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450 Ǹ

˱ˣԼҶӾǵ͵Ļӣ˼ҵĶܳԿ࣬Т˳
˵ˣǸ׼Ҳ˿Ȳõģ׼ǷЩ֪ģһߵڣҲǺܲ׵ġ
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ȻϴЦݣɴ˿̵ЦȴԷ˺үһɭĸо
˶ף˵Ķġ
үһʱ֪ôˡ


451 

ү޴ˣ̳ҲܶˣȻԼȲóң޴
ɻﻰⶼǾ˼ţֻҪ˵һ䲻ԵĻɾԲɫ
ϽѾѵˣСӵúܣ̣ܽϣС㲻Ҫһƽϣǻȥ̵ܽģҪʲôԲҵ飬ǣһ
Ҫùɡ̡ܽУˣ֮ŲϣҪмƽϡ
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452 

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һӻڽƽһʱŭˣΪɺͳǵǰ̧ͷָָ㣬ΪڼԳš
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˵ĹӸҲһѧĶ档
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гɤáүȫȥŵǸҲ̬ƽϣ쵰Ȼһת£ô˿ţһɵƢĹвŹ֡
뵽Ϊвƨɣ쵰ϧҲͰˣֱ̫ˡ
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Է˸ϽǰסС
ίҲʢŭүǰ˵ʲôֻԷš


453 Ǹ

үߵǰһǸ⣺СһȥһúùܽТӡ
ֻ΢΢ͷδ˵
ȴѹеĻͷ£ǳҲӰ찡
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үһһƴ˹ȥȫָеӽʼʵʵڼ飬㣡Էˣ˵ĸܶбɽԷ˵簮Ѳ˸ϵ
Է˲ʲô¡
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ĺܣľԴҲ֪ʲôʱܱô
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˵أԷһִеͷϣŭھ㣬ɶѾûˣŲţȥͻᱻȥٸĲ㣬Լҡ
Ҳбɵ˴ˣп϶ǲģ鲻һ
һ
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460 Ƽ

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461 ط

ʱúѹ֣Ȼϲ˵ȴʱ޿̲ųͬʱҲĳΣգȻ˿ܴӦڲԳҶ֣ǵЩԶš
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462 ̸

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ʱػҪģȻ˻˵Ǽ޲ȥˡ
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463 ׼

ЩĿһ۳㰲ģҸұŮˣһȣҳⱲֻһɩӣԲŮ˳֣һǳҿԱ֤ԲṼɽ㡣
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464 ظ

Щ֪ô˵׼ıȲóҡ
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չ˰ǵ⣬Ҳ֪еһ¼Ҳ༸ǧӣû뵽ǵȥ׬ôࡣ


465 

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ձ˿׾ٵץסҲס
ѺʱҲעһ·˿ܣЩ˿ܴ඼ֵģģȭŹûã˿ÿһѡĵطѹŵҲû취
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ԼǺõģСҲŵùѵ֮ЩС˸Ǻܺá
ŵ˲̫ļҶͻҪҲ࣬ԶСѵѵЩСȥ¡
ѣϵļ
һúģҾÿУǲܷģʵ̫׬ǮˣǳҲǰ׸ˣøһݡ
ϲӣʱܶ׬Ҳ⡣
һǱҪģѵһʮ˶֪£뾩Ҳд԰ɡ
Ĳ룬ʮǷھǣҲСĿ
뵽ǵĴԣɫ΢˵ͷȷдԣǻ˿ܴܵ󣬾Ǻܶ˶֪ұסʮ£˶֪ġ
΢΢üе㵣ǣҾǴ͵͵ûʲôʮѾ¶׬Ǯ£Ҿ±˵ǣ˿ܵǾˣҾ±ټҵǣǰƹ˵һ£ǸΪ̫Ǯ£ü
ƹ˵𣬵ʱǺ˼䣬ĥԽĥȥԽǾ
ûж̫ƽ˿ܲⱾͲ˵ˣ߹Ҳðȣ̫Ӷڹټ˵ԲǺ¡
з磡
ɵһ˵мĹؼʱǸô죿
Ȼһа취ˡ
ҧ£Ҫ£дŸ߾Ǳߵˣû¾ȥſҲҪһֱÿ¿һ¿аЩ޼ҿɹȥ
֪һܻǮܱܻ㻨Ҳûʲôϵˡ


466 

ɵӣֻЩû뵽һӾˡ
ǰһ˼ǡ𾪵ͬʱ͹ɵȼ֮ȷз硣
ʮ˭˶ֻ̼˼ңȴһôӳⱳб뷨ˣµľǹٸǰǺ¡
֪ˣ΢΢ͷҲûôҶ֪ǼƣҲԱķʽһðɣϾһʼˣѲСĿ
Ҫ˵ľ£ĵûʲôˡ
˺ܾû棬´浽ҹƺ˵ĻҹɲŻصԺϢ
ڶ𴲣֮ϰÿն֮ȥҳүõ˱˹ȥ
үͳ˸պϴã˵Ц졣
ֱӽӣһ˱ϣһµĳүҲ԰صˣ㲻֪֮жൣİչ˲ãڿһˡ
ⶼʵӽӹ˳ҵ⣬һ̶ûҷɡ
үӳ˵ϵ£ɵ㲮ĸ˵ˣչ˺ܺã˱һ治ӹҪھͱܣ
˦̯ˣѳҵ͹ɣҲ֪ڻУΪûţҪعңһֱڳҡ
ɺЦǿɲУ̯ӻõ꣬кܾûˣûȥˡ
һֱǼȻо˾չˣٻЩĵġ
үͳ˶⣬үھεһˣ㼱ææҰô鷳¶㣬㲮ĸ˵ʱ࣬ϢյģýˣҪȥ
֪Լɵжһ𣬵Σûס
̾ϢһĵҲ᲻óȴҪȥ
˰οûû£ȶ׺ͶˣɿҪǣæҲҪǵдŹ
Թĺܡ
ЦŴӦү˵һЩϵ£һӡ
״϶ڣһ˺֡
״Ҫ뿪Źһȥ˺ͳүȴرǳүòи֪ͻȻҪˣ嶼ûء
հ״ֻ£Ѿʰ̷ֻҪ뿪̵Ļ˵ǹɵѾߡ
˼ɲˣϽԵ̱Ƚϻ飬иչˣѾͷʲô鶼ȥǼǱҲõġ
иչ˹ɣƽ￴Źɷģչ˱˹ɺ룬ȴǸչԼˡ
ίվǰŰСǻԺٵģũҲ
ɱĻЦˣƳһôǳԵö࣬ҾǺȥ˲ڣȻžɣ˵ãӿɲȰǣӼܶࡣ
ͷϲֻҪС㲻Եö࣬ǲ¿ġ
˶ǹ˿ӵģڹߺڣɴǴǣǺܺúܺãҲ˵ˣǸڹչˣرʳӶע⣬һҪչ˺á
Ȼ̶˵ˣҲûʲô˵ˣһ
ǰ׼õİ˹ɣһ᣺һһϵģʱ䲻Щھǻһ·Ρ
ϰԵĿϡ͸ֻϧûʱԸɴϣź
ŰҲ¶᣺úչԼϵ鲻ʲˣҪȻϲϵĿջˡ
ȥûҵʱ䣬·Ҳó硣
ҵɵʱ䣬ֻùĿȥ
ϣЩ̾Ϣ
òλദһҪ뿪鲢á
һԵ첻СȻ᲻ùӣΪβסա
ҲأǲΪʲô뿪
ɰѰڻУЩҺû飬סȥе˻˵ģҿҪһֱڰǣ˻ǲõġ
еıܻ仹ҪУڴҲҽӣܻô࣬ǰǣ󼵶ʳңʹ޳ҵ˺ܶࡣ
ģһЩõ
Ϊ²ŻС
Ʋ죬ЩЩӵû³
ЩӵϹӣܲһֱһ˳ſڣȥ¹Ӷһ


467 Բ

ǶñӵģҪ⴫ȥǲġ
ٶȸ·ûææ
СʱѾǵյ磬ͣ£ֱȥҩá
״ȥ˰ǣҩȫȨڿܣѧ󴺴˿һҽڿ
󴺺ܿ̿࣬Ĺɲ£еҪѧҽ˵еҪоտҽЩҪлá
״ߵʱ򽻸ҽ飬ڰ״ʱѼҽ鶼ꡣ
Ų˰״ĺ
˽ŵĽŲΪҩˣֻһ̧ͷͿˣ̾ͼˡ
춼߶ʲôʱ䶼ˣȻҲĹɣʱߵ̫ⵣǳʲô¡
񿴵վǰһ㣬￪İ˰Ͻ
˵ҽ飬ӹ̨˳
ֻ˵Ҳþûмˣ·ҩÿ϶ҪкģҰ״齻󴺸磬ʱҪ㿴ҩˣɵ˵ˣʱҩԸβεһΣúˣССʹܴĿԽ£ǻҪʱʱ䲻
үģò׵ȵ״ȥ־ͬϵһ̸˵أ϶᲻÷Ű״߰
ϣһҪ׼ദʲôʱǸ⡣
΢΢üЩģ״ҪܾòŻôû˵һʱ䣿
һ˹ܲסҩá
ҡͷûʱ䣬үͳס£ʲôʱ˷߶أҪȽϼĲ֢ңʱ䶼ڼС
󴺽ã󣬱뿪ҩá
⣬˾ƣùӶͳ򶼻ȥź͹һ˻شӡ
һʱûлؼңޱģߵʱڲժѾȺˡ
ԶԶľŵһɵҩ㣬ɺϲŵҩζ֪ΪΣÿһŵͺİ
ҵԺǽƿ˳Ȼ᲻Ҫ˵һˣҪһϲ
Ц⺢ӣ߶أҪͻȻҲ֪᲻
һܹžĵģûʱҲ밡
Ȼ˼˵ڣ
һĿ棬һֱܺ棬ʲôļܹͥôõĹӺܲأܸԣӡ
ԽԽҲ˲Ծĵطƺ·ӶˣʱϡǲǴ˶˷ӰôţҵķӺ񶼱ˣ
һۿȥ˺ܶ߷
뵽ı仯Ҳһ꣬ǰĴӣҲ֪ô׬ǮҲû׬Ǯŵӹÿ˵޽ˣһܳԱõˡ
Ŷãʱ䣬ҼһܳԱ˵Ǯ޽ݣһҽһҵޣӶ˵ɽǸԣĴӡ
ǰûйԸ޵أһͷƤҪ޹һЩҪС檵ġ
֮ǰý˵ף˵Ҫ˵ýԸ檣ձˡ
ƶʱϸڸԣṼϵģһֻϺãŮ˸ʲôǿǮҪ
Ժǽͣ£ɴҲŴ
֪Ҫʲôֵϣϵ˴ſڣš
СȵײײĴԺһ˵˹УŴŴĺŵ
תǴĵûס˳ȥ
һѱסģŪţû
ϴԺгһεĿȴû
̾ϢѾͷ˼ˣôһȥǼúòã˻ˣѾͷôкһ찡Ķ
ô᲻ŮرߵʱܼҪ˵֪ȥ˰ǡ
һЦɹúأ˺ͳүɶãҲˡ
һһ˾ͺã˾ͺãȻһҪȥ㣬ллӽƽֻǽˣôѾͷġ
˵꣬Ҳ̲סֱ˳ȥһһ
˵ֱӳ˹ȥһֺǵĿϡ
ϱһ¶ЦݣѾͷء
ֺǺǵĴӹнӹģҾ붺￪û㡣¹ĲʶˣϾôСĺӣ䲻Ǻܺء


468 Բ2

ཱུСָŹɵŴŴ㣬Ҫǡ
ϡ͡һЦ˳ȤСèżҪǳԣǵýǲҲΪǳԣ
ɺ۰ģϲ̵ܼǵýҲǺܰأ춼ù
ӦһϽȥϰѰ涼һЩȽͷŵ죬۽ǹ
ϲʶ̣ע⵽һֱվԱ߹ؾصģѶһģɻλǣ
̺ͬʱϸ˸ӣСߵѾߣū澽졣
ū澽̡
һūū澵Ĳϲ˵ĻǶˣǲҪſڱտڶū澣ҿɰͻȥˣҰͻȥˡ
ϲľſڱտڶū澣дҶһģΨһһ鲻һƴߵˣǹġ
̼ˣǺòײŹߣҪͻȥûˣûԺڹߣϽСĪҪͻȥԺǻġ
⣺Ժūū澵ˣǴӣûаôĹء
ɢˣҲϲ̫࣬óҲǹض˼ңҪȻͲˡ
̶չˣ˵ˣչȴĵģһһζܿ
Ϊߡ
ҲһԵԺͰﵱԼңǼûôĹء
һ˵ѾߵжһδӰǻҲ˲ٵĺöҪǳ˺ͳ᲻ùɣ׼˲١
̸Ͻǰæ˴ϰѶɺҲԺӡ
ԺӺܰûǣСͶڣʵأ
ϺЦڹԺǰԺˣ˵լļǮһӣһ£˾ǾͰȥˡ
˫һһ󲿷ʱ䶼ڿɽ壬ٻصҴȥ뵽ǰԺӺܿҲû˵ʲôˡ
ʵ뵽һҴǾãһֱסǼ˻˵ģ󲻺˼Ű˳ȥʵͲЩ
˾ǰȥˣ뿪ļ´Ҳ˺ö顣
ʱ䣬Ĵӹɻнӹ˵ϣһˣԺ򲻵ģ˼·ҪӣǾͻˣǱԺҲȻȲߣҲ㲻ˡ
ûмȥ֪һסǼҲڣ˵ģֻҪ˳ģȥҲûʲôҲԶ
뵽лڵʵлû
һ뵽˾ϹСôõĹ
ĲһСת⣬˵ҪȥǺˣӣڴǻ˹ɽҲΣȥкģѣûа
ķ»࣬ɰοԺ£õȥˡ
лϲŮʱͻϲҶڴҲó棬ùϸɽһݲ£˵ɽҲá
뵽ϱӵ£ǾȡЩ飬Ҳֳɽ㣬֮ǰеͬҲǲֵͬġ
һμ˹̫үид
뵽żûаѹ̫ү¸תҿ̫үˣڱҰڰζ¥£֮ǰڰǺ«
˵̫̫£
ɫ糣ֻһ£ƽ㰲žͺãû
û̬··ǰԲɣԲܵί
Ҳûǣ̫̫أǺ̫̫ܺȥˡ
ɱ˵һ۹ƽı飬̾Ϣһˣ̫үǺ«š
ûκζı飬֪δ˼ŵİɣΪǮǮˣӹ̫̫ǮǮǱˣȻͲˣҺõǸ̫үӣ̫үһСԺѾð׼չ̫ү̫̫ǵ¡
ǲԭ
΢΢ҡͷǾȡɣ̫үǱչһ͹ˡ
ĹļҪǲĿȥ
¹вڡ
ͷȴҡ˹һ̬ȼȥģҸɵһ̫үչһ㣬Ƕܡ


469 Ӧ

ģоѣε̫̫ǺԵ
ʱ룬ǲǹ̫̫ĶأΪʲôͬǶӣô
ˣҲûбĲͬİ˲һ㡣
аϲҲǶж񱨣Ϊ˹˶ȱ°񱻹㲻Ӧá
û˵һԵĹȴͻһЦˣһҺúõľ͹ˣҲ͸ˣͺá
һжΪΪ̫үǰһһԣ̫үôųְ
һ˲ûã˶֪ɻˡ
ҲģԺûأֱӾͽԺӣӣܾûмˣȻ뿴ڰǹúòãֱӾ뿪ȥ˰ǣ³ͻȻҲˣһ˺һӡ
һͿİĹվһԣġ
ֻɨһ۾ջĿ⣬´һɣããȥһ˰һ㡣
ɸϽվŴ£ӸϽ
̺ܶ£ϽСʲôطҺȥˮݲ衣
ָָλõϤһͽˣһỹкܶһˮѲĸҵĲҶһЩ
̸˸ӸϽݵš
ȵ̳ȥ󣬲źλʲôģ
ЦЦһЩΣ治̻ģﲻȰǣڰǴѾߺڴ˻񿴴
˹ɵΣȰο㻹ӣһӶиѾźأ˵³˵һ⣬˵ȷó˶ġ
һɺͬҲͬһȥңûܵһ㲻Ծ˶ԹɾԴŮȶŮá
һЦ˶ĺá
ϺܰģֻҪ˶ɺãʲôǿ
ͬɲһ˶ˡ
ϾһԶţɻʱҲ׼һЩʳ۽ˮ£ȥԺ
ݺò˳˶ҲûôĽľͰӣľͰϣԱ߰һ룬˭ˮԼҨ
ΪߵͻȻкܶûнܸ𣬱ǰѼⶼдֽϣȲĽ˹ɣһɣǴҵ⣬㶼úÿҰһֱأ˵ϵ
ɿһ۹ЦһһֱϧǣЩ¸ͲȤֻʲôʲô
һЦϵҺ²ᴦõġ
ĲУһҩݣ߸һҩݻãҪǸ˽Ӵ⣬еġ
һԵֺǺǵЦһŮɶܸɰʮҲбȵɵģǰʱһңҲ֪ڸأǴ˶֪أңղҩݵġ
˵ģڵݿˣϵ¸УһҩݣɾȤʣ
Цŵͷ˵һ顣
ͻȻһܺõ뷨Ҽǵһٶ·ɣͦԶء
˫һȵɲǣҶѵûһңһ㶼߰ûȥǰӲһһصûӣһֱûлȥⲻĸӺù࣬ͺȥˣһ۵˳ſ硣
˵ǰӣҶᣬΪ˳Աæµ಻˵ؼӿͷ
ȻҲ࣬Ӻù˰ҼһܳԱ˵ǮҪǣҶʼ·ء
ɴһĹͣϾҶ׬Ǯӱ˵ҲһֱǵβǣҸӹúòá
˵˻
ӳ̾һЩΣǿЦһ£ôܺأظ˰أһλع٣ӹÿͰ͵ģ綼ڿˣٿ۵Ļһ࣬ǱһͶһ͵ģǴǰӻ࣬ǱӵģҲΪҲҵֻǿǵܡ
⻰ƺ˺ö˵ģڳ˶ǹ˿ӵģ˵ڵûôù뵽踳˰ѹ˵Ķһ࣬˸˰֮ʣ޼꾰ãճɺûã֣֮ûˣһ㣬˰İ취ա


470 

ҲһᣬϾǼǰġ
Ժͬӵ硣
ҲҪðɡһر뷨׬ǮǱģûţ϶ҪΪԼ׬Ǯ
ߣͳûס
Ӳ֪ʵ˼ʵش𣺡Ļصա
ȻرԶ˹ٵǴ·رߣᵢ顣
ɵջһ˰ɣ綼ʲôҲҪʣ֮ҪҲẦ磬͸Ҽҵİɡ
ǵҪһһҡ
˵꣬־һңˣһֻһȦԺеˣºһЦ˭΢ȽԶģҲǵļһˣʮľˣǵ˲Ҳڲҩ
ֺǺǵЦƺ׹Ҫʲô
ҲعЦеĵл
ҹɾ֪ʲôֲҩݺ׬ǮҶͷ
ԴĥſɲԿģϾӸȫأǰûҪȥģϾĺҪȥٸģǣԺ󶼵ý˰ſĳĵͷûʲôճɡ
ϿĶµأԺҲȥ
ȴһ˺ֲҩݱֲʳ㣬Ҳ׬Ǯ
Ϊһ˺üΣĥŰѴͷӿĳȻҩݣֻûйڣҶ¾ġ
ɻˣҶܼҪѯһ¹ɵ
Ҳܹע£ѯʵɣѸĵضĳأ
ɾܺã֮ǰ뷨û˵ԭҲһ
û뵽Ķ׬Ǯˣܺãٴҵ˼·ˡ
ŴεһЦĺܺð㿴Һʹ֮ǰ˻ģһֶˣɣͷǱߵĵƱȽƽȽϺ񣬴峤԰ѵػҰȥҰѷֵĵؿĳͺá
ȽϹƽ滹һõ뷨
ԥһ£ҵʵһһõķӣÿľֻҪľ֦ѵĲݶɽҩҲģɹˣҲ㿪ֵأʡ˸˰
ֻͻȻ뵽ӣÿĸ˰أʡһЩȻǺõġ
ڳ˴δӡ
˹ڳ˹зȨġ
˫۾񣬺ֻܼҪֵľڣͲǿģ鲻˵ͱȥ
ǺµģǺ÷ͱȥٸ֪¾Ѱˣָͱ¨ӡ
ӵһڵͱȥģֲɵ
ǰǰǴ֪͹ˣ˵ȥġҲϽͷ
ıڳ˶Ϊ֮һ
һ̾һ뷨˵Щġ
˵ЩôЩǵʵ
棺Ȼģ͢Ĺ涨Ȼ˵㿪ģСһȽϺãЩʱ򶼹ס죬𵽴ȥ˵ٸ׷Ǻ鷳ġ
ڳ˶ɵһ˾Ƶģ˰أ˵ĳĵû˰֮أʡһһ㣬ֲҩҲûôĽ
Ҳͬ˵ЩĿŴҵ峤˵ЩǺص£ҲҪΪûʲô˵ģٸ֪ҲͰˣнҪ׷㰲һ͹ܵġ
˵ĿܻûôɵĻȴ׵ôҾˡ
ٸҪ׷һȷѡ
Щǳ˵Ǹô
ǹģӦа취
ҲӣڳĶϤĴˣϲҪֲԭ״ɽеľҲҪѴ֦յء
ֻҪԭ״û£֮ҩݲҪ̫õн֮ľá
˲ˣ˼ˣֻҪѳҰݵĵطҩݾͿˣĶ԰ɡ
۾һãҪֲĵطˣӺֶŪ֦ܹա
ɾҲұȿĽʡܶʱ䣬ҲʡܶɽеʯͷǶԲƶЩĵط΢ŪѺһ㣬ֽͿԣǿѡһЩȽϺֲҩݳ
˶ܼһ̾ӹȻûɺãôû뵽ӣͬʱϧҪǰ뵽ⷨӣ϶׬ӡ


471 Ȱ˵

ɲ֪ʲôһϲģҲġ
Ͼǻݻ£׬Ǯ࣬Ҳ֤׬Ǯ࣬һλҲ׬ӣ˳źüһУʮ˺žҪףʱûˡ
ѵһԹһǵ㶫ϾһԷȾˣҶǰֵģҼҼһӺùˣҲƽһˣһȥóʳҲ׼š
˫һҲˣֻҲûţվΧš
ɢȥһ˲߽ݡ
氲ţ˶ʶȤһ强˵Щ˿ɲȥ
һֱĹɣ˵٣ڼɻŵǷˡ
Ź´һȦûݣǰˣѾͷ˵߾ߣҲһкɰǵĻˣһβˡ
ͷһβǶҲΡ
ұ֤Ժ󲻻ˣһ⣬ҵʱĻҵģܾʲô鷢Ͻûдţʱûü
ʱôﻹǵûؼк
ҲҺʱֱȥ˰ǣȻô֪
ֻǰһ۹ɣԺˣǶൣİҺûʲô¡
ϵĵǳʲôʱףһղףͲ̤ʵ
ĿɵɲǾ㣬ԸʹӦ˰ɣһһֱҲã˼ҲûʲôѾȥ˳ңĻ
ҲϽͷ棺˵ĻԣﲻģǴΪ㽹
֪ΪǣοŰģзִġ
شĸΣ̾һ⺢ӣÿζЩң˵ǰ˵˶ٴֻˣĺЩ˺㣬ͽ֮Ҳιˣ綼Ҫһ𣬺αصȵٶס
Ϊ³˺þá
ע⵽վߵĹɩӰɡ
³ڣԶɩϤ
ЩɬĽܣɩ˼š
󷽵ǰŹɵֵ¾ǰ㣬׺Ҳǡ
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ڰǵʱģӺܾҲϲ
ͺǵһμ棬ԲͣΪȽһͲǷǵˡ
ϲľְֵַˣΪֻһҺˣӲŻúá
ܲ˼һϵ˲ϲˣô˼أ
źֱۣЦеúµһˣɲҪ˵Щ׻ұԺúõľ͹ˡ
˵˺һԵĿϣεĿֵź;ĸͲҪ߻ˣ¾ͻף¶ѡһɼճףǱˡ
һͺҪʲôģֻһʽʽߣһضˣȻ˵ĵ˺ܶ࣬˼ҿ˵һӡ
ЩںӰ쵽ϣֻЭ
ֺͽ϶ϲվЩôֻҪףɺͳĻ¾ǰ϶£ҲõĳҲسŵˡ
Լ̣Źɼ޸һܸųĺġ
Ҫ֪ǵĳңǸһİǸŮӲ޸޵ȥ
ֻϲΪȷˣͲСˣǴ͹һĹѾɼˣ΢һĺӶˡ
һԣģҾҪˣ׼أ˶໹ˡ
Ǵ£ܵúúǡ
æ˺ܶ࣬ȻڰæҪȥ˩ΧȹߵſڳŹֵϽæɩҲһæеæ
̺ȻҪ׼Ķܶ࣬˶һжǺϤֺͽϱȽϺá
ϺָϽȥæҲϽ˺棬Ҳ˳ȥ
оʣ¹ɺ˫ӣԶһˣҲҪ˹ܡ
˫Ҫ͹˵ȴÿڣԥ
˫˵ɡ
ÿڣá


472 ϻ̳Ͽ

ɼˣʵ˾ʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ǽصģ˫ֹӣɻʲôҪ˵
˫ʵǲ˼ڣҲ͹ɿȽ͸ľҲǣϻйûҲֻ뵽˹ɡ
̾ϢһһʹСҲ֪ѾͷƢҲ¸˼棬㿴նûѰ㣬ŶһˣҲԸš
ӵﻹǺܶģǴӵĶ࣬ڴҲһЩõм඼лںģȫڮСĻ
˵ĸ֮񶾣еĹߵСϡ
ЩҲۣ˳أСĹϵǺܵģҲ޻̸С޵ĳǵãڣСۡ
˫Ȼ˿ڣôĿģܳϿҵĿ˫˾Ҫô
֪˫Ӧæ
Сŵæ϶Ҫģжѡ
˫Щ˼ڣʵеĵΪС࣬εСͶȥǣȥһûʶĵطҺĸˣԺСͶ
ǺС࣬ѡôһ£һḾ˴һųûõĺжѿ֪
ҪСͶδϣܴСȥǣһûʶĵط
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뿪ʱﶼͬСģ˫Ļó˵СĹƲʲôû
һ˵¾ͷ߷߲ƽΪлĸӣ̫ˣлСΣɹ֮ͻͬ׵˵СĻԿη˻ǵĻɽ廹һЩҶСô£˵˻һЩ˵ʵ̫ˣö඼Сġ
΢΢üЩ̹ˣЩ˵ʲôͺãôѵǻԡ
Ҳû˭˭ڶܶڮٵĻ
Ը̫ô࣬Լ͹ˡ
˫µûţԼŮڮ٣ܵĻ
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ѾˣһҪС࣬Ȼڴ֮ǰС̸һ̸Ľ᲻򿪣˭ﲻˡ
˫ɴӦ˲٣ֻСһӣҪԼԼѰɣе㲻˼
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С̸һ̸Щ黹Ǻ͵˵ȽϺã˵ЩΪҲ˫ġ
˵ˣ˫ҲĵĳȥæɰԶ´ԼȥСࡣ
ı仯ܴ󣬺ǰȫ
ӵı仯οҲܿģܿ쵽ſڣţȴû˿š
뵽СܶԴų⣬ϽСҡһһ㺰ʱԺ촫
һű򿪣СһϲĿŹɡ
Ͻ
ɱСһԺСһϵоٶȵĹɣһãȻĵʲô
ҲСĲһˣ˶Сһֲ̿ģʵۡ
Сص̾Ϣǲ˽Ӵ
һܵأ
ܾûСһˣҲЩ
Сݣ˯أ˵ˣģ˶ȥˣҲ˼ˡ
Ҷûǰ˵ﻹ͵һЩɽ˻ƣֻ֪ôԡ
ԾͲˣڼ廨ҲͦõģŶ
£۵Ǻο࣬ǰҲͬ˵ˣҪ̫˵ʲô㡭
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ڻۡ
С൹һˮݸɣºĵҲȰȥԣǡ֪ʱҹúܲģϻ̳ϿֵģǵģЩԺӰ춬


473 Ľ

ʵҲЩʱףΪʲôЩ˻˵ʮˡ
ָо뵽ǰԹһЩµ֪ôߵյ𣿡
ʱЩ˵лˣ˵һŮӣȻ⣡ʱջǵõʱϵףʯ˵Щ
һŮӣͷ¶ǴƺȢҲΪʩᡣ
ʱܶ˶Ǽ޲ȥģϾŮӾ͸ڼظͲӦóȥͷ¶档
ܵùȥɣػһµµΪֻż˹ϺӣԣвʲôΪ㹻ǿѾη塣
С񵱳ΨһͬľǣһȺ˼ԸźСһȹһУʱܶʱĬĬܡ
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˵ҲԱϾŮˣ˻һʮ綼й£ȴˡ
ȺһֻС򣬶һֻС˶˶ơ
һЦĻԺӻôܵóȥСʲôһأҪһôҪΪȰ㣬ϣһֱȥﻹŶܵ㣬ҵﻹҲܵ㣬ϣȥ
СĬˣͷδε£Ҹô죿ǵܹȥ֪лںô˵ҵ˵Һó˵ҲТ˳˵Һܶܶ໵˵ҰѶ߲ǿ˵Ҵлҵ֡˵˺ܶĻ˵˺ܶڮҵĻȴ֪η
ܣż޸лڵʱ򣬲İ
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Ҳųлܹ֡
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ҾܰԿη׵ģҺܺ£ű˶ָָ㣬¶ܣ˵Ժô죿ҴҲһȥˣɽҲоȥʹޣĺܡ
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ҲܣȰ˵ҽΪ˸һϢ˵ɽȥãȥǣ˳һҵ棬һһչ˶׬Ǯ˵Ҳ֪ĹȥҲҺ;˾ġ
СȻҪģοⲢʲô¡
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ЩûӦȥǣ
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ҵ˵һСȥҲ¡
СȴˣղŻûϣȫǰǣȫ¿ʼ
ֻûлع
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л˵ģֹһξ˾ǲ
ԣҪٸӡ
Сû˵ԺŹ˵һС
Ҫȥ˰ǣȴӺðɣûʶ¿ʼ
죬̧ͷмлл㣬Ҳص̣ҪûǸΨһǴ壬ҵУ廨𣿡
ֻ廨϶Ҫһġ
뵽˳ׯׯ¥Ͼר廨ĵطдģҵܹ㣬ׯרΪ廨ĵأǮܸߵģ֮ǰ鿴˱һһ־ǮǮһ򵥵СٶȺܿãһʮû⣬⻹õļǮ
Ǯǿ۵˳ׯ׬ģõеӣ˵һȽϸߵļǮ
СྭϽӻÿ־ֻ׬ǮǵǮһ࣬һʮ־ȫû⣬ʮǮ
һ׬ʮģͶȫû⣬ʱľģҪȥǣҪȥǡ


474 ϣ

СǾȵģЦúúãҸ㰲һ¡
ĿʲôС񣬶δϣĿѾﵽˣҲ˲١
С˷ܣ幦ϵϰ徭佱ȥ˰׬ӣ¿ʼ޲վȥֻǶ̫СҴҲ㡣
˵ڻ·ҲҪͺѰˡ
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˫С౧ŶˣЦǰѶ˹ЦеĶš
Сȥæ
ϺϿС֣ͬʱһ
̵ĳֳ˴˵̸ʣ֪ǹɵѾ֮һĽˡ
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Ů˺ܹؼģһ˼ң˵˼Һܲףοô۰ϱš
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˶ؿƿţϾεкҲɵ֪ڴӵ˹ſˣ˼ֲɵһôˣһŪøӶЧ¡
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ԽԽ費˼ģֻҵ顣
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Щ𾪣˵ⲻͶôͬȥ
ȴԼĴ㣬ϸķ˵ģô˸֪֪ԹʣǰѰǰǼӵĸ˰ţһϣǼӶȥһ㶼Ƿһ뷨˵ֻܰļලºˡ
黹
̾һЩҾͲϲǴˣŪ˾֪㿴Ǵ˶ˣһȷǲǴ
뵽оͶܣǴܣء
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½ңͷĺˣһе´á
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һʱŵسǣЩưܵسǳţȻĸо


475 

ǵһسǣʲô档
ȥǵˣҲǼˣسǲ簲һ룬Ȼˡ
ֱȥôѯʵ
ɵӱУ¾͵ֱȥãȻȥ棬Ҫʲôȥʱټ档
»һسǣѵһΡ
˷ֱֿӸ˹ٲ󱻴á
һãеһжİģڹٲĴ˺á
һǿɽĹɣ̽Ӽ
ԹǺкøеģɽƬغܶӶ˰΢꾰õʱùٲҪС
ɽмģÿһո˰Ҫܶ˼
ӹɵĳ֣ɽ帽ĴӿʼŲҩ׬Ǯ긳˰𣬾ֱˣȫûһѹ
Ҳɵ֪֮һжǹɵĹ͡
˵Ϊ˴󲿷⣬ԼҲ˼֡
ɶܾ壬Ϊ٣ѵõ٣֮ǰҺ͹̫̫Ҿ׵ʱͿˣܹ
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£
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һˣοʼһҪΪ£ɽ帽ĴӺò׻˹Ȼˮɷû˵
΢΢˼һǲԣɷûй涨ֻǹСô취ģ
ܺ棬ŮӣȴĴҵӺܴ
ҲΪε˵ʵҪԼһ㸳˰֪ǰ˵ЩǡҲ֪ɽ帽Ȼùһ㣬ףǰΪ˰ߣҶµأΪһĵأ˰ģҲҩݱȽ׬Ǯڵ˽ͱҩݣ˽˰ʳ
һģܶطǿɽ帽Ϊ͢˰أ´ҶԸµء
Ҳһֱǳһ£Ϫڸس˵Ǻƶģ𣬸˰Ҳǵ£ÿϽ˰ʱ򣬶æʱɽ帽ĸ˰ٲҪܺö˲룬ȴҲˣóǵǺùˡ
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ͬǺˣ˵ȫõɷûһɷ涨ûƻ֣Ҳ㿪ģһǿ԰ģ㲻ңʱҲ㣬һ󡣡
˵Ķʵ˵ɵ֣һֱһɣϪѾаˣûŲλãûǨĻᣬûаϪãûǨ
Թܶ෨ӣĽũֲȵȾٴ룬ûʲôЧ
Ϫصɽر࣬Ҫԣѡ
һֱ˼·Ҫһ׬ǮĻᣬƾԼǲܵġ
뵽˹ɣԭƻʱȥҹҩ£û뵽ˡ
ЩµĹһɻĵҺ£
ʵ벻ʲô֮ǰûжٽ
صҡҡͷϪѾˣôһֱôôҸԣûãķӶûá
˵Ĳıȴ
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㣬˲ģⲢĴ
ھΣҵĴûУڵļӱغùˣҲҪŸ׬ǮҪʲôҶṩ
ֻҪܴŴ׬ǮԸ⸶
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ôҶһҩ׬ܶӣ
Ϊ𾪺ͼ˵ЩͰͣ˵˼ǣ
ҪҪ
ģ˵Ҳº֪ͣɽ帽Ҳҩ׬ǮףĥţҪǱĵػԸҩҩԸչ


476 Э

ԸչȥŴߣһ飬ֻҪ·Ͳ´ˡ
ֻϣܶ׬ӡ
ͷ¶ģ϶Ըչ
ԸԸ⣬ˣֻҪŶܾҪҩǺԸչģǮҲƽһֲֻܰȥգ̫鷳ˡ
Ǻܹؼ⣬ôƽ˫ǾѾæˣӲҩˣҩݾæˡ
Ͱĥ͸ˣֻɽ帽ҩչĵط㲻õǣһҵȥչţֻҪһ㹤Ǯͺá
ᰲ˰չôٲܶ඼ûܵһ°ɡ
ҪľֻҪչҩݣһжüˣŵ˰æչеһжˣܶҩҶҪ
ţҩչ£ҩһҲ˾飬ʵæ˰æֻҪ׬ǮЩ¡
ܾã˶죬Эȥ֪ͨ༸ˣҲչҩݣȻжȼˣǮ
ûô౾ǮȥչҲȡġ
ó棬ЩҲᵣòӡ
ųˬ̸ĺ죬һǵˣҲһֵصˡ
ʱ仹磬¹ŻڹسǣҲʼй
سǲسǾֵֵߺ˷سǲҲˣŹ˼̯ӾͿ¡
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ƺǲ˼ѡ黨ʱǺŵġ
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ɵֵ㿴ɩӻϲʲô
Ǹѡģһֱ岻֪һá
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̯ɫ黨һԱе黨ɫǳܵ͵ȡ
黨ݸµɩӻϲһԵġ
ȻͺûӴãݵĽӴȴܿ͸ӣܳȵһŮӡ
¶Щù˵еǳɫ˹һ黨Ҳã㿴ʲôҪġ
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䣬̯ϰͿ佱۹⣬ǲųģǷŰǴ¥ĿģȻûд¥ĺãʵҲǮʵݵģһԣ
СѯʵǮһ֧
̯ϰԥһ֧Ǯʵˡ
ȴüǮ˵ĹˣǺÿмȴǿĵģʯʵҲûжãͨ͸󣬱Ǵ¥Ĳܶ࣬һͬɡ
ӹܳôãʲôû
̯ϰ˵Ĵ¥ǳҵء
֮ǰûţıһǮһֻͯۡ
Ҫͻ̤̤ʵʵúϣưӲǿĵģҲϵȺ񣬵ҲǾģ̯ϵһ֧̯ϰ˵ֻһ㡣
һжһ㣬϶ֵû
̯ϰһλС㣬ϸǺûǺܳĵˣͱ𿳼ˡ
ֺһЦв۵ĵҲǷɣһڼ۶ʮģĻˣ黨һ𡣡ָָ˫ѡļ黨ɫ֪ǸСͽѡġ
²֪ôۣһֱվһԣңպôǸģȻ֪ô˽
̯ϰһࣺҵС㰡۲ɵġ
ûнӻʵ黨Ǯһԡ
󲻹黨ʮһԣõĶϵȵġ̯ϰϽ͡
ĥһᣬϳۣһ黨ҸΣÿϸǮòҲûϵһ


477 ϲ

Ǯ̯ϰ׬ģֻ׬ûôˡ
һǺŵġ
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¸ϽͳǮ̯
̯е̾Ϣ̯Ļ㣬Ҫһ֧
ǲȱЩģڰǵʱ򣬳˺ܶΡ
ҡҡͷܾˣμͦģʱͲˡ
Ǯ˶ֱ¸ĶˣҲûسǹͣ˴ӡ
·ϣ濴飬ɸ⡣
ѧ󴺺ӣʲôһҪȥҪԥŬͺá
ܿص˴ӣܵİɽе֣ȥ˺ɽ
ѡĵǰŹɼҵģһ߿һ˵
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478 

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479 

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480 ϲ

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481 

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482 ϯ

Щ˿һֱΪķƲ磬ÿж޹ѺǶʱ˺ܶп飬ǿŮͲ˵ˣЩŮӻڣկӣЩ޹ɱˣû취һ£󵶾Ŀȥ
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483 Ұ

΢󣬴Ϻƺһĸߡ
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һӾҰˣȤġ
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ظļһ߶š
εڵҰ˿ɲóԣԲ𷹵ʱ򣬴ҶϲڵҰˡ
ڵҰ˶ˣҰóԵļǴʱ︴գǮѹӢȲݣ۵ġ
زŲЩϲҰ˵Ȥ
Ȼȥ˰ųԣһνһҲνؼԼŪİ
ɿЦãӵ޶ϲҰ˳ԣ㵹ãͲóҰˡ
Ǯ˼Һ˼ҵɣϲҰ˵ģرǰҰ˵ʱ򲻷͡
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ڻǰﶼܡ
Ƽɲ˵һ˼ģۣǰһ˺ܶɣʵҲһǰӣҲ֪ҴСûгԹ࣬Ҳûرܲá
Ҫһӣѧּе
Ϊֻй˿ӣ֪ӵ󣬼޸׼δ޵ʱѡ
׼ҵ֪ûгҵӺùԸı䣬Ϊ׼ǿҲԸһܡ
֪׼һֱŬڱãŬҪϺӣԡ
һ˾ŬҪΪԷðɡ
Ĭһ£Цҳȫ㰡ȻҸˣɵȫꡣ
һЩȲݵҶӣп˵Ҷӣæ˰ʱŻؼҡ
׼緹ͷͷ
ʣºܶʣˣ԰ѴֽԣͷʣһԣҲ
ɺͳڻժһӵҰˣЩЦãôųҰ˵ģڵҰ˺ѳԡ
Ȼ˿ӣʵҪ˵ġ
򲻵ѣ˭ҲԸѳԵҰˡ
ֺǺǵĸҾһ£ҺһȥɣĸҪǡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣ˼֮ȥæġ
ҲһǰصҰ˵Щꡣ
԰ǰķʽҰ˳ȲҶЩˣΰúһۣ˺ѹӢڹһҲǰȲݵķʽ˳
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ÿ࣬ĺÿࡣ
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ָоûйҰҲóԡ
Ȼѳԣͷĳţ˵ҪͲܷŪء
Ȳݻһ㣬ȻζֵֹģǺϲҶƬȴȿۣҲ࣬ڸкúܶࡣ
Ҳһͷţ˳Խǻصǰ
ӺùҲûгԹҰˡ
ԼֵľǾ²ˣܾûҰͻȻԵڳԵᶨһҪú׬Ǯ
سԱˣ㣺ӦøһģУҪø糢һ¡
ҲˣֱӶʣµҰȥҳ
˵ؼû̸ˣǰһŵһ㡣
кڴ뿴Ұ˵ӣжѾˣ뿴üģ
㣬ɻ󣺡Ҫһ
ſӽݣѿӵݸ˳͵Ҫһ£Ҽʱӣ˵Ǳ޲㣬ԺѧԼѧּҡ
˵˵ԼˣҲͳع龫ֵЩ
ͣûԥſӾֱӳ
ܿ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôˣǺܿࡣ
뵽˹˵Ļ뵽ǹһǰӣſҲÿˡ
治ɫİеҰȫ꣬۵ĿŹɵǰܿˡ
ȫ̿ţ̾ϢһھΣǰûб£ɸŹ˺ܶӡ
ʱʱҲڣϻҪȥҰˣڵҰ˲ңʲôҰ˶ˡ
ûֻͣһΰҰˣͷš


484 

ʱӹ࣬һ˻Բ
ʱĺŬˣȥɽϴԣһЩΡ
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һжȥˣԺӻá
һˣԶġ
٣Զøһӡ
󣬳ͼƻ뿪£᲻ãҪߡ
Ҳ᲻뿪ӣڳǰȻȥҪΪʲôûͰԼ䰡Һڴһʱ䡣
Ȼа׼һֱڰҲܰ
ڵģû˹ܣҲ˵ĵġ
Ƴһ۳أͲԳһ׵Ͻһȥûأʱͬ˵ˣһҪȥ
Ʋ죬һĲģߡ
̲סοˣ׺öԡ
ûȻҪҲæҲûʲôʱչ˳ء
ֻܺͳȥ
뿪ʱ˶ֲãɿųԶԶȥһ
˶ƸϾһֱУҲûʱ䵥ȥֻ֪ܶࡣ
ˣҲɢˣʣԸһˡ
ϰ嵥˳ݸɵҲʶ֣ƸܶҶʶԼúÿЩʲô
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һֱĶֵΣкܶ඼ûģҪ㶼㲻гУÿһƥϵĺãҲûǮԱȡ
ЩֵӰ
⻰һ־Ͱһ۽ϣڨڨĸϽ죬ҲҶ˵
ѹе𾪣ǧӣ浥ļͷֵһǧӣҲֵʣµĶҲֵǮĶõġ
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Ľĵ鲻һǵĵģ˵ôණʲô˼
ƲһϵϹģǳҵ⣬ͱˣ㻹ڵأŶ
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ϵǵˣ֪ʲôõĵģжټҵǲҼȻõóǾ͵ð¡
һֱûжټҵףһκˣѯɵûˣźú˵˵Ҿжټҵס
ĺˣʵҲĳʮǿпˡ
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ر𾯸潭ϣпܳȥ˵ֻнϡ
Ѿ˵Ŀ𾪵ˣʵ˺°
⳥ʮٻʮҵҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҳ飬ɱȥӣҪ˵ˣɾĴˣӺùˣҲܸŹӣôһˣɱ𷸺Ϳ
֣㰲ģҲµģȻҴһ㣬Ҳɵ޿ɾҩ˶ΪûˣǸãҪлȥ˵ǣ˭ãһųһأԺǰɡ
ǰŸţʱ˵Ǻɣһ˼ûˡ
Ӻһֱûǣһһ
ֻйӺùˣҲŻźù
ЦЦԽûжܣ֪ΪҲǷķģ㲻ˣôأֻҪĸҪȥ˵͵͵ƾͺˣ㿴֮ǰǼҲſʼ׬Ǯûǣһֱ׬ǮԺֶŮӺùˣӲǾĸ
Ļ˵ֻҪýһк˵
˫Ҳȥ˵ҾҵٺҲ׬ģ֦ҪǳʲôĲ㣬Ƕ˵Щɱ𹼸ɵΡ
ֲ֤ӻˣ¾Բ˵ȥġ
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485 æµ

˳Ȼδڹϵõʲô
˵Щף֮ǰ״ĸ̣״ͻ˲ӣʱһֱڴǮǴϵҩ
˵ҶǼҲ˼ʮӣմĹ⣬ôǰ붼¡
кЩҲǹرչ˵Ľ
һֱɶչһң˼ңǼҵӺùܶࡣ
ЦеﰲģԺк²ģҺϪأֻҪҩҶչ͸ɵŵùȥسǱ߿һ棬רΪչҩݣƺҩҸǷֺ죿
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֪ǻᣬչ˲еĵҾ¹㡣
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֪ܺѧģһͻýʶ֣ĿǰҲϵúܶء
˼ˣ򵥵ĴʶЩû⡣
ɰʱٽһЩõģȥسûģҲ˰æһ㲻õǡ
˵֮ǣ˾ҲţʱǵðȲ˵ҩݣǷֺ죬׬Ǯ˴׬ľͶࡣ
һֺͻϲˣղŹɰ齻ʱﻹе㲻ţһ㲻˼ûˡ
Ϊڼҩݱչҩɡ
Це㰲ģҩݵ齻û
һҪ˶࣬ҵȻȥ峤һˣҩݺȶҪˣ峤ӿ԰æȣ峤ұ˿ѧҩݣҼ̤ʵĸˣԺеæˡ
ԺչĿصҩݣ֪չٻ
Ҳ˼ţҩʱǰ͸˻ãһسǣһͿ¡
ϪȫǴأȥ֪жҩ½
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Ҵ㻹һЩӣϷǱԺҲܿţдͷĿյأҪ
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ĴҲһˣȥ֪ͨһĶԱࡣ
˿ûţʼ׼Ŵӵ¡
һѡӡ
һƬأǴﹲеģ˵һ󣬴ûԸӣϾڹҳԳԺȺȵģ˻ƽմҲòţʲôľûҪˡ
˰æȻ
ĵº󣬴ûʲôյء
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½½ɲõĶǼ˵ķʽ
ҶϰˣҲŹɣܶ˷ߣЩʾҪǮ
ӸŹ׬˲ӣƽɶҲãʲô
ɻǰֶϣҲǰҪӾǶչˣôռұˡ
һ¶æµжȹżдȥæ϶ûʱȥ
ȥ֮ûС£дǰ֪ѾСԺ׼ˣҳׯǱҲˣСӵӶҵˡ
ҵ˺ܶ࣬ƽմҲС
һ˳ȥæȫûѹ
ҳ˺ģԺЩȥġ
С˵͸ۣ뵽һù޵˼ұĥ˵лܵúܡ
յѾڣûӣȥϷǱߣһ̶뵢顣
ѳд˵˵һС¶Цݡ
Ц˫ͽ϶Ϊ֮һ
տС಻ģҲܡ
ҲϣС໻һطҪڴŵ˫СȥǣҪҪȥ
ֱҡͷæȻȥһ߲
ҾͲȥˣþ˾һȥˣ֪ʲôطҲʶĸġ
Գͳ˰µΣֻҪ˵źˣһǰźˡ
˫ûǿɣҲ֪˵ææ
С̲סھȥʰ޲ϲϳ뿪ӡ
һۣС뿪󣬵ǵôأôС
ɰο˵ˣӺо飬Сʱ򻹴չ˶ûµģĸҲ˵չˣ԰ġ


486 С

СǼģر˵˰չ˺ӺеĵĶûˣ֮ǰǺûչ˺ӣȴˣ֪Ƿ飬취
ƽΪ˴ǲеС¶ǼõģǺϸ
ΪС࿪ģż޽ҲãСܶ໰Ը˵
ÿοСƲ֣ܣͬŮӣȻ໥⣬ҲȰŽϣﲻõĵģﵽҲرԶĵãʱҲȥġ
лϲͱµˣСǴ˿չ˺Լοг˺Ͱ״շµġ
΢һ㡣
ȥСķ䣬Ѿ˯ˡ
Сʰ˵ҲûʲôҪߵģͶĻϴѶѡ
ڴߵ㲻κѹֻҪŶú͹ˣססʲôʱ򶼿ԣׯǱߵƹҲǺ˵ģ˺ܺãѾ⽻չˣ㲻õ̫ࡣ
ͺС롣
ֹͣʰС˹Աߣƺֻص˻û޵ʱڴϺ͹̸£лл㣬֪ĵڰңҲ֪Ϊ˺ܶŬ
û˵һֱİ
ְ˿رġ
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֪Сʱһһ㡣
С͵Ц㵣ĵ£ĺ˲ģҺõģҲ᳨ġ
ˣΪ˱˳ͷԼǰǶԷҪԶãΪһС
С׵ĻɳװˣȥҲ£ʲôҰ׼ҸɵҲԣҳҲԵģʶ˶ңǶ㡣
СȥǵºҲ˼ҡ
ڶһ磬˫ͼС뿪˴ӡ
ҩѾˣҲźˣΪ˷㣬ԺĽʱһéӣڷ
ʱ׾Թ϶컹ȣƺգɽеҶȴʼˣֲ˵ҲĻˡ
дһţȴæµ
յź󣬸ϽùٲһһĴϢȥ
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ĴɽҩдҪҩ֣ʱϪض䶯ˡ
ϪضǶɽģĴɽһһ죬ɽеҩȻҲࡣ
ǰֻܶĽɽˣҲԸŲҩö˶ˡ
˭׬Ǯ˭ϺӣôõĻᣬȻܷοչҪܺԶĺ°
ǰ˺ܶٴҲȥߴ峤ҩռͳһ͵ϣؼ¼Ҽһ˶پ¼ôǮ
֮ɼ鷳
ӵż󣬹ҲͬģһҲô鷳
Ϫأܶæ֮󣬾Ϳʼɽҩ
ڴٶʶҩģҪǣҪĲҩܶ࣬ѡҲǿɽҩҲܲɵܶࡣ
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ֻǸ˻˵΢ԶһȴҪӡ
һϼƣ˵һչҩݵӳ˵ڶξ͵ҩ֮С
˾ӾͰˣı֤ҩҲˡ
չҩҪÿһֶģЩҩݱ֮󣬹ɾʹŴҿʼƣҩݵƺܷ˵Ҳӣʼֻйһ˰æķָãֿʼĸ˰æ
ҩԽԽ࣬ɴӵ˶æӸɹҩݣҩݣµҩܣǸҩѡҩƺĵĻǽϻй
سǿһרչҩݣسǸҲܶ࣬ÿСڴسܡ
˰æҲˣǮÿճ˰飬Ǽˣͻҩݳ˫ͷϡ
˹Ųҩݻˮ֣ŵùˣǲύȥñġ


487 ææµµ

æµİ¹ȥٶӳ⻹ûǮ
ɽ帽˶ιɣûǰҪӣȥһسչҩݣȥҩݣЩǸġ
ϪغܴջҩҲ࣬ɲûۻȥӣΪڻȥ٣׬ӻ
д˵ߵǺҩ̫ꡣ
ȴشǣ֮ǰȥǿص·Ӿҩһš
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·ⲻˣɾͳ׵׵ķˣĴ󵨵չжҪ٣⵼³ĴԶҩܡ
նܿæµӰº棬Ӿ͵öԵǸǮ
ɴҲĹǮɽҩ㣬¸жˡ
ҹɺңÿÿˣԱɽҩ
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ҲһӶûˣٲҩݣûǮˡ
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˶֪Ϫص£֪ƶѧ˲ժҩݣҩݡ
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һúܣÿһҩݵļǮѹõͣеļǮͣʮҩݾ͵ȥһˮ֣ȻԸˡ
ܶ̽һȦֻ֮ܰϣڹϣҶɵӹƹҩݣʲôá
ӵҩ̶̣ڿɹҩݺ󶼺⣬ҩûⲻ˵ҩݺܸɾƷʵҩݣǿ߼۵ģÿչɶӴü̡
ʼһӼžãһ̫£õĻǼһ𣬷ҩݲˣֻң˶һš
ԺҲɹҩݣЩһˣ໥ʼ̸
û֮ǰֻ˵չҩݣ֮ŷ֣ҩݱеĶܶࡣ
ôҩݾҪҲչ갡Ǿл˰ôţһܼ
ߵҩû˵ģչ϶׬Ǯ
һӣɾ£ЦŴҵҲҵң֪ҵΪʲôֻźĸߴңҩûҪġ
кԼҩݵôõҩݿ϶ҪҰΪҿԸ档
ڳһʧҩݶңҲ˵ûʲôˡ
һô᲻ʧ
ɼҶһʧºһЦôҰһʵڱǸͷϵһ⣬Ȥһԣ
һвʵ̣˺˼ʲô⣿
ˣֻҪ׬ǮⶼȤҲǰѶߵĺöȥ
ϵЦºͣȤȥչҩݣҲˣҪҩݣպùңǸȤԶչҩƳҩһǣ׬ľ˫ǮҿԿǿǡ
׬ҩݵǮһҲ˫ӮҶ׬Ǯ
Щ˶סˣȫû뵽ɻҪ
ʱҶû˵һ˼ƺǲа
ܰѱĵطҩչɣŹƺҩݣǣһ׬˫ݵǮûë޷Ǿһ㣬Ҫرߣ̵ĺҲں㱼ߡ


488 

ں棬Щ׬ǮҲףҲ֮Ҫ׬ǮÿͲͷԡ
ҲôˣϹ֮ǰ̣˵̵ʱֿ࣬жЩ̻Ǻ۵ġ
һ׬ǮĺûᣬҲЩ˰һˣ֮ǰֻ뷨ҪڸسչҩݣֻеֲǱҲý
ҪǲķڱʼղãռЩ̣ʧı飬֮жһ˿ͬ顣
ҲΪʲôЩԵʣ¾ͿǴӦӦˡ
ҹɵˣ㲻ʲôˣǴ˹ƾֱҳ̸ˡ
ΪǴˣ׬ǮŵҲǺܶ࣬ҲǸպкܶҩݣͱһԵ̬
Ҷܴһһĥһ룡Ŀ
Ҳֻһ㣬ֻҪر߼ˣǮ׬ġ
ߣسЩҩˣֻΪûչֻĽ
һλ˺ܹС˵ĲǲԣֻǼǮ˵ǣǰǵļǮչùҲ׬ǮܲܽһôҲ̽̽ɣɵĹڡ
Ҳɵ֪ϰ嵣ǵʲôºһЦȥչÿһҩݵļǮһģù֮ұƽչļǮ壬һҩǾͿ׬һ壬Сһ壬һٽңǵҲ࣬ҲرԶôһǾ֪໮˰ɡ
һһ壬һͰնٽ㣬ҲǮһΣһ׬ġ
Ҫ΢һأһ׬һӣ֧һеġ
һ׬һӣЩ˵ˡ
֪Щ̺ܶʱһҲ׬ӡ
Щ˵ŻǺܴģ֮㣬ҲΪ˹سǵ˲ҩȻǮȥصǾò㣬ҵͷĿġ
ϰ˼磬ԽԽЦеĵС˵еôһ뵹һ׬ǮŵֻǹСչļǮˣЩ˻᲻᲻ǣԹԣ
εĿϰЩǵˣߵ͵ͣǮҪչҩҶҪ
ҲǿˣվӸóһҩݵļĿݸչҩݵļǮһοҪҪԼ
˵Ķ˵ˣҲ˷ʱ䡣
ϰ룬
ǲǸղ˵Ļ㻰ƺõҩݶǡ
ںƺõҩݣʵϣ׬ǮĻƺõҩǸҩݣΪɽˮ壬ҲʺҩҩҲࡣ
΢ԶһĵطҩȱҪҩݵȻҲ࣬ƺõҩȥһ벻ĸ߼ۡ
Ϊ㣬ɺȥ
Ǹŵˣֻ׬ƵǮֻҸõһݣԿ԰ģҩҶ¼ƺҪǣǲҪԼš
ϰõȷĴ𰸣¾վǺ죬ҽվͻȥ׼չҩݣСҪǵĳŵ
Ҳվϰģ˵㻰
Щһϰϰ嶼ˣһҲǲԸչģҲϰɵ
Ȼ׬ǮرҲˣ׬Ǯܶ࣬ǲôۣοƺҩݺ󻹵ȥǲֲĸʡ
СǾ͸ˡ
һ˸뿪Ҳ⣬Щ˵ľûһ㲻ĵġ
˸־ǿκˡ
ϰȣŹɸļĿǼ
û߳أЩϰ׷ˡ
лйϵܺõġ
˵ϰҪȥչҩݣҪ˵ˣҲر׬ǮһҲ׬ӣӲ٣۰۶ˡ
ֻװȻѰõĻװչҩݵȥչ˵ػصıߣһ;ۡ
ϰһлãûôࡣ
һЦһԣҲƺõҩж׬Ǯһԡ
һùɣҪ˵ҲŹɣϾСѾͷҪǷֲʵʵ⣬ֲ׬Ǯ
˼ԣ
ϰҲ˼ֻ⣬ʹɵʱϸ۲ɵ񣬷ֺܸɾ⣬ƭ˵ġ
һһԣллѡ
Ȱסϰ壬һҲ뿪ٶԡ


489 ֮

ɲϰ⣬ӦöȥչҩݣҲûʲôӰ죬Ͼֻʱ⣬ϰܼ֣Ҳһֱ
ϰˣһȥͿʼƻչҩݵ¡
˻϶æÿҲڲ鿴ҩݣչҩæµⲻôãҲʱæҩݣǽ
ǰ̫ү˵ˣǰȥһ˰ǣڰζ¥µĹ̫үŮ֮󣬹ֻǸӣûн˻
Ȼǵﻹǲ̹ģ֮ôڹ̫̫飬ӻ϶Ӱ֮ĸ飬ûӣҲֻȻӡ
ԥһ£Ǿ߹ɰǷһУеҩݷŽҩݵĹɵȥһ˰ǣȥ˰ζ¥ͦζġ
֪£ºһЦùǴǽӻô
ҡͷûӻ֪ƢҺø϶ìܡ
һԵĴ⻰ͬȰ˵ҲôǲТ˳㱾Ǽ޳ȥŮʱǻǰˣܻǾ㲻ˣ˵ʲôģǻã΢ƽһҲڱɽ
һ߿Ҳããһ㲻õˣⱲӾͻٵˣ˼أҲ侮ʯֻʲô˵ʲô˼¶ûݡ
ЦһЩˣΪ˴ǮֱӾͰҸˣҺܺã˵ôС͸˲ٵĿͷ
úܣֻǻǲİˣ˵ա
ɻǾù˵ˣǹľҲûȨ棺ĥŹ㣬ùҪ׼˿ӡ
˵ڸϼ˹
ǰڰǣڰǸϣ˵ӵķߡ
һҪе㽹Ǻá
һ㶼֮Ҳûжڡ
ڼʱ򣬹ҲǺܺãôȥʲô֮顣
΢΢һ˲ǣǧӣͷԺֻ¶øӸˡ
¹һҪĲϹˡ
ɫһף뵽ʲôϽվУھҪȥøһڣƭˡ
Ź뿪ıӰ΢΢ҡͷ
Ʋ죬һıģǻãúõӲŪɽֻϣǾͺá
Ǻ¹һʱ鷳ˡ
ɵһЦһҲûãû˻ġ
ֲɵļֲɵ϶ġ
˸ϣֻҲǴ⣬ڸֺá
ο¹϶Ҳ֪
˵Żˣȴ뿪ĹŻŵֻˣָԺɣˡ
Ҫȥߵھ˻ĹĹмһָֻҽβãžЩġ
ߵڵĹ˲͸ܵӵĲһˣ뿪ʱӴéݷӣҵķӶǴӱȽϺõģȴһһȥܿܶ߷·Ҳǰ̫̫ࡣ
Ӵߣһ·϶żӣɹҩݡ
ŴϤˣһĿֲǺӣЩ˿ʲôô˵ҲǴӵˣص˿˼ۣһһɼߡ
ʱʹˣɼԽԽùԽԽڹŪӣзĻˡ
һ۶ϵ֣Ǳķ˶ģĴλÿʱĶУţôҲˣֻлŲϣ
һ·ֻҲ˲ٿͷ
һ۾Ϳ˹ɼҵԺӣ߸ߵΧǽʱˡ
û뵽û뵽ɼҾȻôãã˸Ůһ·ϾƸ£Ƹɲء
Ժɰ˹Ȼֱң֤ǳģùǲ뿴Խݶһ㡣
һǵĹ
ԥһ£ҡͷˣ֪ϣ˳һ㲻ʮ壬һǸһ
˵ţѾԺӣɷеĻֱȥ
˾վԺУ໥ӡ


490 ǿ

ѶϵֲؽֻҪ̧֣Ҳʲô·һɵӣž˷С
´һȦԶľ붼ŵһζõϺ͵ģֻӬŹš
ʲôЩ䵭
һһĽԽԽùˣ˴˼ҡ
ĵĽʵģ룬̫޴ðô˻߶Ҳڹϵõĺô
ûʲôԹﲻӭ㣬˵£û¸Ͻ
⻰ҲաϡվڹĹһֺãǲɣҲ֪һȥҹ㣬๫˵ˣҾѰţҹɣ͹ˡ
΢΢üڴҿе֪˹£ְֵܵˣҲûɽḡˣ㻹ǵãұʱ˵ĻˣҸ㲻죬ûʲô˵ġ
ôԶĵطһ·ֻɲΪ˵ЩģһЦ벻ûϵӣԺҾͲ㣬Ҳװʶ㡣
ĿľΪҪӣ֪ɲҲĨǣֱҪ
ƢǺܺõģƽʱҲºͣʱҲ̲ס𣺡Ҫӣƾʲô㣿
ֱЦˣΪʲôȢ޵ӣӳɵף˵һѣ
ĺܣһ뵽ʼʱӹÿͰͣߣʱʲôط
Ҫӣƾʲô
ҲգЦûӣҪӸհɽСɽֶļҲҲֶ
û⻰ʲôԵģ֮¡
òУأˣѼҲֺˡ
Ҳ˵ɽ͹Сɽûʲô飬УҲûҪһˣⲻйɺ͹ģжҲ԰̫֡
ŹŲ޲һȹȥˣæôӦõģ˵ÿһ仰ÿһ¶ϲ
Ҫ𣬵־öԹ˷ݡ
һЦɺҲֶֶŮбҪѶǣ
η壬ɪһЦɿɲϡҲܱ֤ǽ㾡ľ
̲סǽ᲻ᾡľ㲻ùܣؼ㻹˵ЩƤж˵Щ
Ҳ˵Сɽ뿪ˣɽϾ˸ӹϵһ˵ɽϣЩйϵ𣿹ɽ͹Сɽ
ҲԥĳЩ£˼شҵ涼㶪ˣڻҵӣǰͬķϣҲΪ㣬Ͻ뿪ӣִԲ鷳ͱĺˡ
ĸȻû˵˼ԣ֣϶ˡ
΢΢üһȦϤĴˣ񶼲ӴɫǺ̹ܲģǮһˣҾǹҵˣ˭ȨңҲǷϻӸңϾߡ
ſվ˺ܾõʱ˽ŭΡѯ֮󣬾һֱԹ˵̸˴ӡ
˵Ļˣôôһô޳ܵˡ
Ժӣվ˹ɺ͹ǰŭӵõһǮ
֮ҪܣһǮ
ǰ˵ʱе㲻ţΪ˲ܻỵ̶ֳȡ
ˣǻڹģûѪ飬еֻӺ棬˶ĵĵط
ǵ治
ϴô꣬ʲô鶼вСѹͲС
һЦǰһ˵вǣвˣʲôֻʹҶţ˭˭˵
ѹͲ¹ҶԸ˾͵Ӳġ
Ҳǰǲƽǲƽϣ·죬һߣǻʲô¶ûҪ鷳ҲţѾһֻ֣Ҳٶȡ
ҲûŻĻʶȤǰһǣ治
˿̵ĹˣôԶŪӣȻȥķϺӣƲ˶ڡ



491 ϳȥ

һ˫˫ڵ۾﷢
ţóЩĹҲǰһۡ
˲ѧһ̬ȡ
ָŹɺܺãǼȻ˵ˣݹҲ˵Ͻת뿪ټȥ溦˫ȸˡ
Ҫѵһȴסˡ
øֽ֣ϻˣΪǡ
Ҫôעһ㣬һƻ
΢΢ͷù˵е
ģϽߵҪȥ뿴С
ֿʼ£ҩʵ̫࣬ҪŪһ̶ܵ顣
һ߳Ժӣ·ϵҩӣƻæĴȴķһͷҲвʵĳ˴ӡ
һӣԽԽֻ̹Ҫһ뵽ԽԽùճĺģȻؤ
ǰɲȹѹڽ£Ƿˮתֵڽˡ
ȥϵ·Ͼöܶ඼İףһʵҩͽӣ֮ǰΪ⣬Ҳչҩݣ֪żǮô壬ӡ
Ҳѹ֣ɼҵķô󣬻дˣҲ׬˲Ǯ
𣿿϶ǺڵģӦðôӦıͲҡ
̾Ϣһ˲ãˣҪôõӲŶԡ
ȷ뿪ӣŰĵĻȥ
ڹ֮Ҳ̲סѹеί׵׵ıˡ
龰ǰ֣ʱãȻҺá
û֮ǰͲϲãȴô˽
ϲͺʵĹһ
Ź£οǲһƽϣ㲻ðЩ·С
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ﲻֻ̹һʼԹ˽⣬ûõӿ϶ᾭžΪʲô¶ùú͹øԺСķţǧӣһΣԺΡ
ŭõһǮȻҪӣģġ
ҲҲӣʲôӵ˽ˣǴ֪ǵ£żææġ
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Ҳϲ̫̫ǰӴܶڹ̫̫£Ķʶֻ̫̫Ҫһҡͷе˹Ȣ̫̫Ϊ˶ҪӣҪ˹ΪϲûȢ
¶Թ˺ܴ
˭뵽Լƶ̹ɡ
ҡҡͷԺҲȥˣ˰ˣǶһͺãǻž˰ҡ
֮٣סźܺãҶƣҲ໥֮Ҳиչˡ
ſھ˵˹飬ŭޱȡ
ʲôңߣһտǣųֱ֣͹ٸҲ
ͬĻֱ͹ٸ
ʱ£ôȥչҩݵĶ򣬻оʱѲߣƻҩݡ
ڶʹϢںҴ壬ȥ˺
֮ǰح˹˺ô˼֮ף˵鲻ܿƣɽͺ룬ˡ
û𺫾ģⲻͶ·ֺþûŮˣһסںҴɽķӣʱ˱˼
ҴȻ֪ح˹ȴû֤ݣܶ࣬ͬɽ֮ڰɽ˷ӣżд߸ڴţ׬һЩӣ˵˾ǰ潡
ҴȻˣȴΪ˴ӣҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
Щʱһ֣֪Ϸ
жǼʶ˵ģڹûõôȻҪȥǱһȥ
ƹҴ壬С·ҵ˺éݷԶԶľͼɹ̫ܾûԽˡ
΢һƾɵѣѴķü֦ãɵ˹ȥ


492 ɱ

֪ȥ˺Ҵһֱעʱ
ԭȥҩݵĹСһ˾ȵϢɽɱˡ
СĺϽվ˳ȥ
Ҳ棬һԺӡ
Ժ棬СѾΧסһѯ龭
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ʲô£ѯʵ
СһŵǺҴǱߴϢɱˡ
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һֱעҺ·ȴû뵽ɱˡ
СоͷǺɱˣҴ˵ϴеĸɽŵѪζȥͿУԱߡ
˶ʱ۷׷ס
ϰûعãȻĿɵô֪Ǻġ
ɶ²δ̫о̸ͬ飬һֱ޸ɽ֮Ͳ֣Ҵ巢һҲţ͹֮£һס
͵ҪӣǺ͹ùǱҪӣ⸽ΨһʶйϵľǺˣסڰɽ˰潣ƾǶԹ˽⣬ǾϢ
һȥҺҪӡ
СͷҴҲô˵ģǹɽҪӣӣɱ˺ӣ˺ס
ףʲô׿ԣҴǱߵĸ˺޶ˣ0˲˵ҵҲŹֻҪӶԡһģгֻҲûб
̾Ϣһô˵Ҳһǹץ˰ɡ
ץˣһʱñҴŤȥٸأһˡСֻǸп޳
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ϵļӦ˱ץͲǺˣץȫǻãǱͷҲӦá
ֻûתתžÿ£ҪӶô죡
ҲǺںԼ˭ҲסкúõӲƫҪ۵£ɽںЩء
ͷŴЦЦ˵ĶԣӦҰѹץɺҪʲô£Ҳˡ
²Ŷǧɱ˵ºܿ촫˸ļӡ
ϢϽ˴ӡ
Ҳû뵽ɱˣɱĻǹɽϱ˵ˣҲǹͶϱĹϵ
Ƕ£˵Ƕҵ
ŴҴϢ֪Ѿͽ˹ٸҶɱ˵ҲˣǺӸڿ೰һʱȾɱˡ
һԺӾߵ˹ǰ㶼֪˰ɡ
鸴ӵúܣҪҪȥһۡ
ɵͷֻǿһ۹֪ʲôȥ
ЩΪѵȥһֲۣȥϾȥⱲӶûˣֻȥܵúܣֵȥ
ºᣬ߼ǻԥ
һ㿴Źɣǲȥģ˾ǻã֪Ϣۣ˶˵ǻá
ɵһЦҪȥԣڣȵ̵ʱȥɣһ̡
ȥ϶еģ˶Թϵ̵ǸˣʱԲܷ
˵Ϊ˹˵︽ˣʵǲ㡣
ͷĬˡ
Ȱο˭Ҳ벻ҵɵĽܺã룬ȥһΪ͹ĹϵãӰǵ⣬ûôҪ
ҲҪⲻȥһʱȥҲֻȥһ۶ѡ
ҲΪӰ⣬Ҫǲֵá
Ҳֻ󿴹һۣȰҲ侲˵Ķԣҵȵ̵ʱȥһ۰ɣϾһ
ϹϺ͹ѯȥҲȥ
˵һж޹ء
Ҳֵü¡
ʱƣµҲˣҩչҲԽĻ


493 ϰ

ϰһֱæҩݣҩݳ˳ǮҲһЩ㲻ӹƺõҩȥҲ׬Ǯġ
Ψһľÿպ࣬ÿΣÿһζٽҵҩݣһ׬ʲôӣʤ
ÿհϰҩݳأƳ
ԺĹҪƵҩݣĸȻæš
˵ڹһҩ׬Ķ࣬ȴȶҲû¸ɡ
Ҽﻹ˿ԳʱȥɽϣҲᵢ׬ǮɽϵҩҲûǰôˣҶϧǰĻᡣ
ϽеĻȥͼϰϲ
Сð
Ҳ׬Ǯˣÿ챣һӣһӣҲ㲻ˣʮʱҲʮӣؼҲرԶʱȥҲտ
´һϰʮ첻ϰ壬˺ܶడ
ϰһЦǺһЩɹ̫
ϰӣ˲ˮȥ
ϰ廷һܣָϴûʲôһĵطǿһҩݶصζɸпС㵱˾壬ҽǰҪ˵һ¡
ʾϰ˵
ϰЦЦ˵ҲǺ£ǰҲƺõҩ񲻱ˣǰ˵£Ҵչҩ㣬Ȼһ㣬ñ̫ԶʱؼңӶ˵ͦá
ǰߣʱ򼸸¶ܹңȻչ˲˼
Щ죺ΪҩߵģΪǰ׼ˡ
˵㻰ȻӦϰ壬ôҪƺõҩݣ϶չҩ׬ǮϰʵЩϧ
ϰ庩һЦȻ֪ϧ˲ȥƵҩݣֻܷһչҩһ㣬ȴʱؼңûʲôȼҸҪ
ʵʵ˵ȻƺõҩǮһ߿ܾǼ£Ӻҵﶼ˵̫࣬ҲʱؼңС͵ҩԺô
¹ɲˣֵҺԶ
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ϰ尲ģ͵ҩֻҪûȫգʵ㲻ƹҩݣͦźġ˵ʵƵҩģĳȥ϶׬Ǯ
ϰǸ֪ˣЦеҲûʲôźģܾҾ㹻ˣô׬ǮҲΪӺù׬ǮҺ֪㡣
ϰľȻϰˣҲȰˣԺҩݶ͹
˵ϰ˺ܺãΪҩݹˣʱ䶼ûˣȫϰ塣
ϰΪ˵µģ˵˾ҪŻȥչҩݣվǣҾȻȥˣԺСա
ȻģһϰԷģصҩҲб¸ҲԡֻչصģϾҩݾͺķ̫Ѫ
ϰܸжΪǫãס˹ɵĶ顣
ϰ壬̺ܵǣڹߣҪԭչ˹ɡ
Ŀ͸ŵǡ
ǰСչôҩݣģ˵ˣ㲻׬̫ӣҵһжġ
֪˵ɿ϶ģÿտŹæµûϢʱ̲סĵġ
ҲϽӻҩ̫ˣС㻹ǲҪ̫ࡣ
˵ĺ⣬ǰĻᣬ׬Ǯ͵úú׬
΢΢һЦǰοҲ꣬ⶼ·ҲͲõôˡ
֪ѵã׬ǮʱһܷŹᡣ
һֱæµүѳеⶼ˳ÿææҲûʱȥҹɣѰʱ䶼ǹ˫ǴҲֻŽ
ȻŽ˼٣Խ˼ܺ͹һ
³ʱ˳ҡ
˶ʶ£С˶ûֱͨ½ԺӣڻУ°ѹд˳
ںԺ˱ĳһˣ֪дˡ
һӾĺˡ
˹ɣȻǺ硣
°ŵݸ˳Щǣдţ˵㿴˸ϽţƺЩҪһʱ̫ˣдźúȰһȰ
һ̫ۣ̽ˣǲǲúϢ
ѰɶǱϲǣҲһ㣬һ뵽ڹߣÿдҲ˵ܺãû̫⡣


494 

˽ɵƢҲȥǹ
ֻѹȢţ԰Źɷֵ
һ뵽չЩҩݾ;ۣǰܾչҩ̫ˣȴ̫࣬ǲ֪ÿҪƶҩݣܴҩܵĵطˣ˶ڰæһ켸ǧҩӰƷʣе¶Ϊ
ǵĹţҪ˵׬ôĽ˼û˭ÿһǮǹ׬ġ
ģ˫Ŀ֮еǵɫβˣǰҾȰҪ̫࣬ǲԸҵģҲɵƢһ˵ˣ᲻ͷҾ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ЩȻΪһֱûܹʲôҲŹο粻õ̫࣬зִģ̫ҲϢʲôҶ֧֣һȰһȰ
°˲٣һźȲȳдš
Ѿ߼ææܽԺӣ˻ððʧʧģó̲סüѵ⣺Ϊððʧʧģ
а룬еѾʲôʱôûˡ
Ѿ߾ŵĹһλŹȵϸˣ˵ٷ˵̣Ҫ˺͹ӳȥӭӡ
ɺ͹̫̫֮鲻ܣҶ֪ģµ˶ϲɣλδٷ˺ء
ͻȻֵĹ̫̫ЩˣŻŽ
üõụ̂ȥߡ
Ѿ߸Ͻ뿪
УЩŭ̫̫Ƥö񰡡
ģ̫̫ǰôԴһңȻûڳġ
ĳôȻҪǣɶѾ御ˣ̫үһȶð׼æչˡ
Ϊ̫̫ͣأˡ
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̫̫֮еģϾһӵĶӣôþĿȥ
ҡͷֹ㲻Ҫ棬Ǽκһ˶ܳ棬һЩ˳ڮǣɲ֮Ҫף²ܶӰ졣
ûЩûʲô˵ģ鷢չɲɿơ
ƽϸһµǾ鷳ˡ
вƽҪǳЦ˺ܶܶ࣬Ϸﳳ֣Ƣһֵ˾֪ʱȥйϷ»
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Ժеĳ˺ͳضѾ£Ѿߵͬ³Ҫȥסˡ
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̲סˣϢ
˵뿪Ѿ߸Ͻںȥ
ſѾΧʮˣЩ˶Źָָ̫̫㡣
̫̫ӡĿţҪжҡ
ŮϾҪΪҵٷˣҵȴԸңǲТӲһôͱôƲ𡣡
һ˵һ߿ޣָָǵˡ
֪ݷó˿϶ԸϾЩЩ֣ΣˣҲҪóҰæ뿴˭հ
̤ŵʱ̫̫˵ЩĻָµĹ̫̫˭أҪҪȻôãҲôҶúÿŵ̫̫һ˲¹ͷǰ˵ŮҵıùɣС۰ӹһֱҲǹһҡ
ţ¡ž˵ĶԹѹ̫̫Щ鶼˵һ飬ŭ˵˵ô׵ģ֪ΪʲôҰæ۰ĴɱˣɱĻĴϱǸӻʹϱ׵£ˣ˼˵壬˭
ˣû뵽ôҪˡ
ϷʱѾûˣ˿Ҳ̲סǰһһţҪ£Ҫ£ǿĶҪˣǾĴҪƴ


495 ŭ

±ʢֱƿָ̫̫ѽƴҪһüͷͲˣޣ͹Ķ㻹ﻤţ֪ΪʲôôΪ϶ΪžǶãȴԼʲô⣬ܻһõĶôҺҹøǶϾ˹ϵȻ֪۳ʲô
Χۿֵ۸ˡ
һĵĻƮ˹̫̫档
ҲŽûϵ˵˼ҵ̡
ɲǣ˹ϵֻ±۲˰ɣ
Ҽ˺أ˺ƣҲǲТ˳ˣҿ˵ǹ̫ү֮ǰԹһй֣˹̫үŵζ¥أ˵ǰæ£ʵǰƹչˣҼڰζ¥æЩġ
Ҳ˵ˣҪ˵ҿ϶æġ
Ҳ̫ˣҲţǰ˵ǹΪһͷҰ뺦˹ҺùֻˣȻ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ


һ仰̫̫̫̫ܵĺܣ˵ûϵ˵ͲˣȺŭһԼʲôֻǲ£ᣬ⣬Ǻ⣬ǰ͹ҶӻСӣһŪ֧飬
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Ű׷ԲԵĹ̫̫ģΪ뵽ǵһҵʱĹһĺܲҡ
һ㱻̫̫жжɺޡ
̫̫ҧݺݵҼҳˣҲù
Цˣ˿¹̫̫вô㻹вǲɣнȫȡԹκˡ
ԽԽȷй̫̫ˣʲôĶӶпԭ
̫̫ǲæҶȻĲǡ
ǰЦһǣôأǾȡǰæͲܣɣҲã뱨Ҳãֻǣ˵Ķԣ֮ԱɽȫĹĸܶԹƫҲͰˣȷǷǼֵ۶δ߹¹һٴһʰ˵׶⡣
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˵ˣչ˵ġ
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̫̫־һ˹̫үϣˣҷϣ˸һô͸жˣǵĶӰĿų𣿡
̫үû뵽̫̫Ժвôһֱܹ̫̫û£֮ǰļҲҲڳţֻǵΪӦôȣӦøŮһƽϡ
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һ̫үЦúãһĴɢǼʮķ֣ǰһֱΪҲˣ㲡Ŭ׬Ǯ㣬ôҲûԹ㣬㰮ɡ
˵ߵǰ鷳ʵǱǸܲܰһæ


496 

Թ̫үûжĵִ£ȻִҲ顣
̫үдһ顣
̫үĻΧſֵ˶к
վһԵĹϷһţȫû뵽һ۸Ĺ̫үȻҪ
ֻǸѾʹһɫܿС˺Ѿ߾ͰҪĶ˳
̫үûĹ̫̫ǺܿĶųæдһ顣
̫̫˱Ҫд飬ʱˡ
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Ҳʹһƣƾʲôңƾʲô̫̫š
̫үЦһƾʲôôĴ»ôһֱ֣ʲô鶼㣬Ȼʶô䱾һҺͳһûйϵҪӶϾϵģˣ㻭Ѻˣջ˵̣Ҷ㺦һƣΪҴ򲻹ǲǣôҰٰˣˣֻ밲ȵĹӣǰ˺ܶ£͸ûˣ㡭ˣǷֵΪֹ
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кҩûУı䣬ˣڹͶˣһӣֻ¸ҵΪԼһΡ
СԺ㣬ҵĶһߣǰһǮҪΪ֮
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Χ۵һʼкá
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źһԺӣڽշһУ»ûع̫үȻд顣
ڿɽ˺ܾã֪̫үƢʲôӵģôĻ˵úܡ
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ر϶УҲȥչš
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׼Ҳ֪̫ү˹̫̫£أ֪̫̫ųˡ
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˵Сֱǰ̫̫뿪˵ºˡ


497 ־

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еĹææĳ˳ǻص˴ӡ
̫үѾʰѣ˵ҲûʲôҪߵģֻмϴѰˣԺǵùɸģΪԺӻ˺ܶ˼ΨһļҶûˡ
ͷһϤСԺ̾ϢһˣֻҪȵĹӣܻǶãڣҲԹ̫̫᲻ˣ˼ʮˣ㷴˵Ҳɢ
дȫǹ̫̫ȵģʲôú뿪һ˵룬غúõ˵ǰӺùһһģôиͷ
Ͳ˵е֮ȥģ
˴Ҳǻãɱ˳쾭飬ûʲôԵģ¿϶ģѾˣնȥʬôһ
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ʮķ֣һӡ
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̫̫һ̫үһеĹָŹ̫үŭϲģȻңǲƤˣ㺦ҶңҲù
̫ү̫̫ģʧѡ
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ĺۣٿ̫̫һۡ
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˵Ķ˵ˣִ̫̫ԲҲˡ
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Ź̫үԶߣ̫̫ȻΣƺһиĶһˣΪ̫үôĺݣ޼ʮ֪һжزȥˡ
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ҰĥŽ¶޺εصĹ̫ү˫һ㻹Ըң
׼̹һЦҪллɰɣߵʱɶңҺúչ㣬ǲʧˣԺĲƽҲٶѷŲʰӳȻ˴齷Žȥס棬ÿ԰صꡣ
̫ү͹̫̫һԣҲܻ֪᷸ڸĻоȡ
̫үм㡣
׼̫үһľ˳Żһ·Ĺӣ⻹ȥɻĵطԻһ磬ҲһСռ䣬סȫû⡣
̫ү㣬˵и֮㹻ˡ
»ص˴ӣҵ˹֮ȰѳŸˣѰз˵һ飬ڴŷĹͣסˣµ̫ү˹̫̫


498 

ºĵͷʱڳһĻĻǰء
̫үҲˣû뵽̫̫ô᲻ûʱ̣̫̫һƾ˦˹̫үϣô˿Űľǹ̫̫ڳС
ߵıǹ̫̫ҪоʵĿࡣ
Ϻ͹һֱһţҹɵʱǾˣҲû뵽һ־硣
ﲻζһӶŴ磬ûϢҲǴ磡һֱţɽ㣬˵׶Ĵ˿֪ڸģҲпԭ
һ̫ү˵˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪̫үôģпԭ¡
ӱƼ˻ҧˡ
ɰŵõùҲصүӣҶ˰׼չүӣҰζ¥ǱҲסĵطԺӲ̫
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а׼չˣ˲٣ȹʱȥӻ̫ĻĻǺõġ
ʱ̫үǲͬģκμС鶼
еأʱôȥּӲùﻹǰһЩȻ࣬Ҳˡ
˵ýģĲܹ̫ү
վһԵĴһЦӻû⣬Ҳõȹն֮پҿ»ͣ
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ˣܹ̫̫ʲô飬һʣֻԹۡ
ͶԹ̫̫͹ʧæǲܰæģù˵ĺܶԣôǶɱ˳쾭£Ǻ˵˲ôҲм˵ģˣϵֻӲù
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ȥͷҵ£˿ڿɹҩݡ
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ɲ´һȦ£ԽԽء
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һЦ¼ĪҪ˵нնŬĽʱҲˣҳ֮󻹵鷳ǡ
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Щ¶ܸоչɹֵֹģǲʲôҪҽ㲻صģʲô˵ֻ˵ǡ
վסվ·ߣҼƻѼķֺĳɣԺ󲻹׬Ӷ
ǰ׬ҲֺģĲ࣬ûмôţĥŶָһһЩҲֻ׽һЩǱҲ
һѪԵϵģҵ⻹һҡ
־ܾɿɲҪôһҶ㡣ôãҲֻΣ뷨һģܹнȫһң˲һֲǶԲǡ
ȣÿһεĹǮúܸߣɽҩ׬ܶ࣬ΣڼûҲӣҪǣÿ׵ĺ𾪣ӿԵǰ༸Ǯһ֣Ϊǰһ棬˵Ĺϵ϶ˡ
ңûйм䣬ҲôãԺ󻹵ųչأҪӦһԺôˡ


499 ƴ

Ԥϵ»ܾοһЦô֤ǰ鿴ñҪǱ磬˵ЩȫĵģҵԺչ˵ģҩⲻܶ£Ҳ֪ˣһ׬Ӿˣֻ֮ʣҵտ⣬ԶԶǵĸ㻹о˾˵İҶУҺҵģһ˵⡣
֮ǰһΣÿһֻһͷͱ˫ܾˣֺҲԸ⣬ֻһֱǳ
ƻµģĻڽ˺ܶ࣬ڲԺ˫ǲܾЩˣڳ֮ǰҪе鶼á
˺ܺʵҲϲռˣ͹̫̫һȫǶԱȣΪǺˣһֱô׽Ҫѣˮֻд͹һֵ׽˼ҶһЩ룬ҲΪ˺õԭ
֪ûʲô츳ʵʵģƭ˹Ҳֲˡ
Ƚ˫ʺһ㣬ǰȽϵС֮˶ˣӴҲϸŬأ˵õѡ£ĥŰеⶼ
ֻһж¶ԺܶණϤǵһС
е㲻ɵ̫ˣ˵ϲÿɰź飬ֻԴͺãҪȥ׬Ǯ׬ǮҲȥò֮ڡ
Ҫ⣬ۻ˵ˣأɣҾ㻹úú룬øҲҲ·ˣҪ̫࣬ҺҵҲûʲô־ֻ׬ǮͺãҪǲеģҺҵӦ
ЩˣȰ˵Ѿˣÿһζʧܡ
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׬Ǯٶûϵؼһ˵ĹϵŪˣǣʧȥġ
ҲһģҪռ˺ֻҲôദ˲˵Ҫ˵ĹϵŪ˾͵òʧˣϾҲ顣
ţֻҪŹ̤̤ʵʵ£ֻԽԽá
ôȰ˵ûã֪Ȱ˵ʧˣ˿һ·߲ͨҲֻܻİ취ˡ
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ƺõҩݱѡ棬ȻŽӣÿնкüͽзźãŵڶȥǡ
һǳЩΣŵǹ̫̫뵽̫̫ĵУҶȥһֻҲ⡣
ڴ֮Уն˭Ҳı䲻˵£ɱ˳쾭塣
һԺӾͼüͷһãǵǰﻹڵĹ̫̫
֪ϵʲôʵҲͦĵģ̫̫ǻỨһġ
뵽ôܵĿ࣬вޣѹָܸһЩӣִԲΪ˹ûûƤų֣һֻҲûˣҲ֪ӣȻЩ滹ԭġ
Щʱʹ̫̫ûôšˣźӲǵߵ˶һԶ룬ġ
һЦõİ취˲һ޶ϵ˵һҪһǮҲǱӡ
ҪǸӣԺͻᱻϡ
ﲻζòװӹƽԲ⵵¡
һԵĴֻҡͷż̸̫̫飬ҺͬһҵԹ̫̫ûһͬģ˵Щ
˲̰ᣬɹ̫̫һ̰ˡ
ɲΪģοҪȥľͺãô˻вɣͱĴˣҪĵôӡ
ϵһ۹ɵЩӶøױģн׬Ӵ඼ѹҩˣûӡ
֮ǰȥ˰ǣͰѼҸϹˣʵûʱҲûˣ׬Ӷϡ
һЦױ㲻Ҫ׼ٰҶأ˵ˣȥ˳ҾͿʼƼңҲҪʲôױ
Ų˵ЩĹױǺȥ˷ұƲ𣬶Щ¡


500 Ȼ

ҴܺãûЩŻСѹ£෴ÿһ˶ܺá
֮ǰ˾ҪѳҸֻܾˣҪƼҲҪȵ֮
Ͽɵɪ̲סЦˣִ˴ɵͷͿɪҴҲҪϧױҺ⣬ҸɵйױҲ׼
ĸŮѾһʱûһ˵强ˡ
ȻĹգϰ˺ܶҩݣÿմҴӸطչҩҲ٣ˣȥǵҩݾ͸ˣԴԴϵҩǶԾǵġ
ÿֻæҩݵ飬ǮЩҲˣϺܻᵱңûӾԲһҪԼܶࡣ
ϡ
̫̫һ·ͣͣòϣ֮ǰ֪Ͽ꣬һλһҹ͹ɰæ߱ڹЩӣŮ쾭飬ǰ˶Բ£ⲻôãҲӦ֪㡣
żնĻŻŵģӹɼһ֮һֱǲ
˵ں¹̫̫
һ۾ͿʼˣҲúܣԽԽǹ̫̫Ҫ͵ȻҪˣֱ˵ҲڣҪ㡭˵һ˵ȥˣԽԽòˣѵһȥɼңҪˣںðܶ࣬Ѿͷ취Ƕࡣ
̫̫ΣΪŰӦȥȹҪӵǿԸһЩ
οţûô⣬˵ܰæͺá
Ҫզ죿ʵһֱǲ˵£ô꣬ˣƹ̫̫Ҳһɣֻᵱˡ
Ҳ鷢һұƶ˹ϵʷƭ뿪Ѷ̫̫۰һӵĹɱᴦնʣµľֻˡ
̫ү˹̫̫̫̫пܻǣԺˡ
뵽̫̫Ʒоͺ£Ҫˣǵ鷳¾ˡ
һʱ֮価ȻҲ֪ôˣ˵Ǹô죿һչҲ㲻ȥȻʱ뿪ɣǰʱ㲻˵Ҫߣһȴ£Ҳð࣬ؼóӶòУ˾͸Ͷˡ
ԽĲϽãǸϽʰʰߡˣϽѴŹϣǴӺ뿪
ϽŰϣȵò߼ͼ˹̫̫ӭȻʮûмʶֲ̫̫õԤУٻǧת֮䣬ֱȥ˶ҩá
ʰ̨Ӱ״뿪С֮ͳ׵ĽӹҩãƲͼҩһ˵£ȻæҲۣӺܳʵ
˿̼ææĽ˵̣֪£Ͻȥ˺Ժѯʵ𣿡
ͺ¹ӺԺ̵ϽȥҼҺԺӱǵöŹ̫̫ﶼ뺰ʵǾù̫̫䡣
ףںԺŵţȥҲӣ˳һ´ұ˵©졣
˵ֱӳ˺Ժǡ̫̫
̫̫⻻һѲŽӣһҶ־Ȼ뿪Ϊ뿪˴ӾܹϺӣҪӵȻ˿ҵһ档
СԺȥˣҲˣһλסڹңȻǼ޳ȥŮТţŹ
Ϳȥ´㣬ܾܲȳ㲻ȳҲϣһЩࡣ
̫̫ʶ󴺣ϵĵ̱֮ǰߵʱ˺üҲ֪һңϽʵСӣǼ档
󴺰һ۹̫̫֪
˵ʹ뿪ϽƵȥҵĺԺţŵǹ
һ֮󴺲ģϽŵ̶һŻصҩá
̫̫ڽѯ˺ü֪֮һңȥһŴˣҲ˵˲ڡ
ôԶеϣڹϣͻȻ䲻ڣô죿
˼ȥܵˡ
һʣҶ˵һˣȥȥˣʲôʱ֪
ӹ̫̫ɵˡ
ڼңֻӲͷƤȥҹԸ顣
ҲǱһ㶼ģˣҲòһá
һӣˡ


501 

ֵ÷зϵ˶֪̫̫Ϊˣ֮ʹҵĹϵܺãȻԸ
ҲΪʲô̫̫һȦֻ֪棬Ҷ˵޳ȥˡ
ڹϣ̫̫ɫЩŭаСӾȻô绹Уˣ
̫̫˺һᣬεվΡΡȥ
֪̫̫֮󣬸Ͻŵл
ǲܴȥˣҪһ㡣
󴺽һʱȥ͹˵һ˵͹ʰö뿪ӡ
ڹû˵£ɽĸ˶֪֮һȥǿ̫үҲ֪
˵ףŮǷ̫̫ʲô
̫̫뿪˴ӣ㽡ϵĲΡΡȻװģôѧһкõֶΣǾʾΪֻԽͻõͬ顣
Ҫô֪ˣˣȽŲˣһĺƻˣҪ˵Ŀ
һֱߵڣһľƵ߽˴ӡ
һשߵԺӣоһ󼵶ʣЩԭӦġ
ߴһӦú͹ҶϾϵŪ˳ġ
ӵı仯ʵ̫󣬴˴Ӷһߴ·Ĵ
ǼҼһ׬˰ǵʱҲҩݣ᲻Ҳ׬Ǯôһ͸ؿڶʱһϲҲ²ȥһжǹһҵĴ֪չҩݣȴôСǼæ˵һҿ֮ŪľеĴ
ڹһȴùúܣƾʲô
ԽԽҲ˹ߵɼſڣֱ°
డ˲ТӰôôۡ
ɺ͹ԺѡҩݣԺ洫˹̫̫İ׼Ĺɺ͹ͬʱһۣ˶Ĭվ
Ͻǰڸô죿
һ̫̫ͷۣ鷳ôԼˡ
οģûµģҳȥ
ȴֱס˹ȥ׶ȥ
ȥõģΪ˲˵ģһˣТ˳ʲôҲմˡ
ۣ̾ϢһǹңЩ㱳ϲáµ˶Թ˵
ȻЩɲ⣺ÿη㶼˵øıһ뷨ˣҺͲܣǸºûϵҶôνȴһ˵㻹ģᱻ˵ģΪֵãߣȥô˵źãѵͺˣ
˵Ҳʵȥܲʡ
ҲͱȥˣɳȥƢãȥô»
ʹӵҲȰ˵
̾ϢһЩ±Ҳùܣ㲻ܳȥҺɳȥˡ
˵վϵӲݣһȥ
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һŹָָ̫̫㣬δǰȰ˵˵
ֿһ۹̫̫ĵ˵˭Ǻأԭ㰡ûӻˣТ˳˴Σûթˣ
ܵ˺ȻһЦ
ûһվڹ̫̫ߵġ
Ц϶û˹˰о仰ô˵ţɻܰѺúõһҲǱ£Ҳˣˣûϵ
ҲЦеĵɲǣ֣ǴҲûһϵԸϽ뿪ɡ
˶֪̫̫ݵ¡
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̲ס͡һЦ˳̫̫Ƥĳ̶Ȼһǰ㣬ⲻҪı£ҲǾˡ
ЦŹ̫̫Ҳ˵Щ˵ЩҲʲôϡ£ҵȥҳ鷳ջǵӴ󣬻ƤأǼҺйϵҵ֮ȥţҲ˵йϵ˼˵ҵģԼԵҵôø˵ô࣬Ͻߡ


502 Ҫ

̫̫ϵҲɣǵͷԹԵҾƤզˣ⻹ǱƵģҪýҩݣһ׬ӣҲкЩ飬һ㣬ԭ򡣡
òУָŹ̫̫Ҳ˵ЩҪһʼͶһҺãһҺͺôЩ£㿴˭ҵ㣡
̫̫˾ǵ͵ڸв֪ǰĹ϶Т˳һ굽ͷԼԣҲҪʳˣأҪ
ڵϵĹ̫̫һѣΪôˣҲǶԳһѣǳĺҪҶϾϵҪӶϾϵҲӦôӦͲ֪ܾ
ⲻҪĻһ˵ӶסˣָŹ̫̫ͽûôҪˣҪܾܾôΪһͷҰҪɱ˳ҪǳֻѾһѿݹǣƫĻŹ£Ҳûʲô˵ģ㻹ʺϿۣ浱ʵ˺۸ǲǣЩ´˿ɶеģߵǷǺڰҲʴԸⲻԸ⣬һ˸ǿɽΪǿɽˣ
̫ү˹̫̫Ȼ̫̫ͲǿɽˣһҪ۴˵Ȼġ
վһҲڵˣûϲϷ룬ȥҶЩ˶Ϊ㺦Һù̫үӡ
ǶԵģһмŪü֪ҪȥȹҲÿȲȵó˰͸ôնžǻһһֱ߹Ķʲôˡ
ȫģûһ˵ã̫̫ȺۣǿŹһǮһ۾˵Ϲ
Цˣ۾˵Ϲ˭ԸûôҲ㳳ܣҪǸߡ
ǹ鷳ǹ̫̫鷳ӹЩꡣ
̫̫һ۹ɵ˲˵֪ȲˣҾһҪߵʱܹϺӣֻҪǮҲܺùһЩӣõӾߡ
ֻҪӣõӡ
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һǮģǹ̫үǰ˵ӡ
̫̫Ҳ˵ҲûϵǾͿ˭ù˭
вҲ̫̫ģ̧ͷһɫܲҪꡣ
ܵ˵ҪˣҶæҩݶսӡ
ɢȥæȥˡ
̫̫һԣ˭Ҳûд
һ˽Уææµµ顣
̫̫һãȻĿæµˣжвģƺĲһ£һš
ҲԺӿʼʰԺҩݡ
һ˽УҩܣӵĿռ䶼ˣһһš
䡱һϴһף˸ͣæµţ´Ͼˡ
Ϊ̫࣬ʰ˲ʱŰеҩսӣڴʰ֮
֮УüûУ
ʱȥſһۣ̫̫ڴУһĲߡ
һι̫̫бҪЭ
Щô˼ƣҲ֪ʲôġԽԽù̫̫֡
ɵһЦµǿԼλãѾǶ˹ϵҲ磬ô
Ҫ˼һ¹뷨
˺ܶ࣬Թ̫̫յĺܣ˼ȥˣȻˣҸҲûϵˣŹϾͲҪ۲Ϊ
䣬洫žž
̫̫ôõ꣬ﲻ֪жߣΪԺӣŹ˾ûб򿪡
ƽ޹ʵôãּ
űĵֱ죬ɿ˹
ģĹ˾ͻߵġ
Ҫ˵ʧǼٵģʱչ̫̫ûѹִԲ


503 

ĵˣ̫̫һô鷳ûֱӶ֣ɱֻͶˡ
˵ף̫̫ֻ˲ܶѡ
ţµˮʪ̨ף΢΢üһ۴ſڣšžžЩȥߣš
һֽɡݸ£ֽɡ¸Ͻ˴š
ŵ˶ģһſڳ
󴺸Ҵˣ˵ͶѾ뿪С򣬾Ϊ˶
ϣ뿪Ͼû˭˽̫̫Ѳ
Ͳ˵ԶˣƢõģ⼸ʮһֱŹ̫̫ⲻҲܲˡ
ʱûʲôãڵǺƤҪȥûôõ飬Т˳ҲТ˳ο޳ȥŮóȥˮ
Щ⣬һ뵽Щܵúܣⶼʲô°
Ǿùͦã̫Ŀ࣬뿪ǶԵģҪǱ̫̫ϣֻԺ󶼲ð
ȴǿĵģϾ֮ǰȰ˹뿪ʱĹԥŪЩΣˣ֪űš
Թ˵ʮȫû⣬֮ǰ̣ߣûж
ڹ̫̫Ժ˵ģһ㲻ġ
´򿪰ȴţſĹ̫̫ŭϽߣʲôţŲź塣
̫̫ȫʪˣҲΪһɢˣ˿ǵúܡ
ӻǱ̫̫ºԥеɡͳȥֻϧǰǹ̫̫һѹͬ鲻ӡ
̫̫͸һįںںͲ
ֻϧߵһҲûȥĴ㣬ͷһµҽȥҪúһʹҪҪֵ֮顣
¾ûôҪģ㻹˼˵ֵ֮飬ҹøɽԣҹøһɽҰʱɽôģΪһӾҪɱҹøҺҹøûбȻڶһѿݹǣֵ֪֮ˣ̫ŸϽҹСñⵣߣŲžһ٣Ҳ˵ʲô
ɲǹ˼ɡ
˵ʵ˿µı׺ģЩˡ
̫̫ӣЩˡ
˫˿Ҳֽɡ˳Ŵ򿪣ѾȰˣǶ֣ҿɲǹܻ䣬˵һ䣬Ϊһ޶ϵǾͻӣڿ㲻ǱӦˡ
Ҳ̫̫ͬŹ̫̫ڵģ˵һá
̫̫ͬһſڵӣ֪ȥҲûá
һڴ֮УТӸҹ
ǰ꣬˶ȥˣ񣬹̫̫ĳְ˳رǴĸˣһֽɡ濴֡
ػصţǳģùɵĵúܣǲȥ
룬Ҫȥô˹ˡ
ͣҡҡͷȴû˵
㣺ҲûʲôõģԺͲ鷳ţһܵĿ๻ˣҲǼܿࡣ
⣬̫̫ߣòУűⵣŻ㵽߲ߣˡ
ºввһɡ˳ȥ
վº˫м䣬ƽĿŹ̫̫پұȥ̫үԹúùһֻ²֪صҩҶչǷҵ飬ô£ҲǺģ㲻̫ܿĻ͸ϽߣǼҲһǰ㣬㻹ǹһϵûУȥκεطﶼһҲռʵʵĹӣϹڣҼҲӭ㡣
֪Ҫ̫̫뿪ֻһ취ùв
̫̫ںʲôȻǹ
̫̫ʧǵ뿪ˣȴûһ㣬Ŀ͹̫̫뿪󣬶۷׷ס
Ҫ˵˶Թ̫̫һûǼٵģ͹̫̫˵ѿɽˣܶһɽ壬뵽Ĳҩݣǹ͹̫̫
˽ľһ棬̫̫ĸӶĻǴ˵棬֪˲ȫпԭġ
ȵ̫̫Զ¹ԺţЦеɣİ취ðѹһó˵ֱ̫̫ˡ
˫һµ˵˵


504 ־

˫ǲ˵Ļ˻ϷȻٲԣҲǳ
ߣҶԹ֮Ҳˡ
ºһЦץץײ˵ôôִŵˣһ·ߵס
֮ǰôᣬ̫̫ȫԹúܺãװ׵ķ˵Ҫ˵ĹϵŪô
˫Ƚ˽̫̫˵ҪӻˣҲ֪ŹǴģûлͷأֻܹһ·ߵڣҲͱ˽
˼̫̫뿪ˣһҲɢˡ
΢һͺ¹̫̫֡
¹غԺţӡ
ȴĥţն֮ҪҪһײģüͷĹʲô
ﻹǲܵǰ¹ȥ͹ȥˣĪҪ𣬹̫̫ǱѡӾͺãڹûʬʱٳְɡ
ҷ¡
ڶ˵سǿ˹̫̫ڳſڷ˾˵࣬ԩġ
Щֻܸп˲Ҫ޵С
ҩ˳չҩݶƺãȥУɳأΪƵҩݺãóҩеǣǰǺ׬ǮҪ⣬ر׬Ǯ⣬óͳүϲ
һȥҲ˲٣òڳһ㣬ɹһµ̫˶ˡ
̿Źĵúܡ
ǹߵѾߣǵǰװ׾ģȴɹˣҪص϶ᱻ
ɡСĪҪòã˺͹Ҫǿ϶ġ
ˣһֱڹߣÿ춼ܿ£˵ǹ
ô࣬Ҳ۰
ɿһɡ㻹ǰɡÿȽϺãôʶҹӵʱһҪȥɽҩء
һֱʲô˵Ǯˣȫȴû
ҩݵҪҪѹأһ
켱ˣŽţһίС㣬չģ㿴Ǳ㻹ףҪǿô룬йҪǿ˻ô룿ǿ϶ᱻġ
̹һЦ֮ǰҾͺܺڰûµģȵվͰ׻ˣҲˣǰô飬ǲ͵ˡ
ʵ˿ڲڣҲ֪Щ
ȻˣǼҺͳҵĲ໹̫ˣ֧ʮ󣬲δʲôӰ죬෴Ϊûз˿ܽٵԽԽá
ǼңڸǸԣ˼ңһҲùˣ˵ǱȲõġ
˵м䲢ûʲôɱԣϣͳҵľԽԽҲڳǰ׬Ǯ
سС
̫̫ŭ˺ܶˣڣ˿֮󶼶ԶԶģ±ס˵һͨ
±ֵǽ֪˶֪ʲô̫̫㲻ºܶ˷С
̫̫ȥеĹѾ˲ˣ˶ǷޱȲ˵ϻ˺ۣˣС󣬹Թֿͷرʹ޹һҡ
ʱҪǹһҲæҲ㡣
ʷӹòã˵ӹ̫̫ƭӣȥ֮ӾͿʼ˳ĻҲ˲˵һСѾߺˣûؼ֮ǰ̧ˣӲôù񣬲˵һ˶һ죬ʼ䲻ȡ
һԽѹسһôҲ׬һӡ
һ·ͣ㣬ȻûʱȥϢڳſڱ̫̫ץסʱЩûӦ˶ˡ
̫̫Ҳû뵽ʷƭӣƢǲưոݵģκΣʱ֪ʷļʲôطûм׷
ʱôã޾֮·Ȼ˹ʷ
ʷϵ㲻úãܾɣЩطѾϴñɫ֮ǰӵģȫһ
ϴˣҲŮʷоù͸ˣô˹̫̫˵ף֮ûжٸ顣
̫̫ʹŹʷֱۣŭҿɲϴˣʷϽӣҪ㣬ǼҲý³
˵ʲôˣǱ벻һ취ɽ͹Сɽ񶼲֪ȥʲôطҪֱ뿪ӣ̫үǱҲָˣû뵽ʷʱȻˣ㲻쿪ۡ
ʷʹԽ̫̫ԽͲʷĻᡣ


505 

ʷζû뵽̫̫ʼδ飬Ҫ֪̫̫Ӷسǣ˵ʲôˡ
̫̫ܴ󣬾þȫץסŪ
㲻׼ߣТŮƭҵӾ뿪ӣҾҲ֡ûˣʱسÿҪԷҪסջܴ
ȥһϺõĹײģϵǮʣ޼
û뵽쿪ۣ˹ʷ
ʷﻹӣһθҳ߾Ҫ֤Լһκ͹һ֮ȻʧˣԼӡ
ΧſֵԽԽָָ࣬ģŪܣץҲûðҪӻڴ
̫̫ܹʷΣҪֻӡ
ҲܣǷҵӾͱ뻹ңƭǼôӣҼɽ㲻ĴȻߣӼߵǺģˣˣڸӰѹˣȻڹԱڸӣԼҲˡ
ԩҲ֪ûϣˣԹɱ˳쾭飬ڳſ˺ܶ࣬ûһԸæ
ǱȥˣһĲȥˣˡ
ʷＱúܣֻҧҧʲôȥջ˵òãҲҪϢĵطӵɺã
̫̫Ҳ뵱ãվϵŹʷ˳ǡ
ŹսһСһĿջջĶһЩñȽϱ뺷ĺӣⳡŻ˹ʷ
˳̫̫ѵôסĵط
߻ӵĵطģ㷢ʲô£û˱٣ٸܡ
̫̫һ۹ʷѵ㺦ģ㲻ƭҼӣһҲý³ûжӣסջѵȥס֣
ʱ̫̫סջУסǲ񷿣ҪѴ˼ƹ񶼲ͬ⡣
񷿺ôҲڷ絲ꡣ
ʷﻹ̴棬һ߽ջЩֵĺӶ˹ʷüͷȴҵ࿴һۡ
̫̫ȴһۣĿһ۹ʷֻǱסĹʷﲢδ񶾵
񷿵ĹʷŽ䴦ŵĹȲݣ֪̫̫˯ǹȲݶѡ
˯ݶѰ
̫̫һ۹ʷ⻹㺦ģϾͼͭ壬ҪԷҪסĵطôԸϽӻˣҲȥʲôطûĵĽָˡ
ʷ˲伤ˣ˵ҽˣ
̫̫ûɫһ뵽ĹǸСӸǸûĵģôǻҲҸҵģС˵ҪֱӾ뿪ӣöûĵģҲǻá
ԽԽôôһȺ⡣
ʷﲻˣƲҺͽǲãǴͺˣұɽ㲻ǴԵʣТ˳Ϲ˭˭öϲ壬ý˭ҵأ
ʲô˵ʲôɲΪ̫̫ݾ˵һ䡣
Ҫǲ͹ҲýĻǹ̫̫
̫̫һ̫үͱɫǻʲôԺǰ𠭡
ʷ뵽һõĽҪ˵ƢõӦþˣڶǹԹֿ̫̫ˡ
òǵɣҪ˵Ƣ̫ˣǷǲ֣ҲӦõģҪ˶ܲ㡣
ҪôãҲôìˡ
𴩵Ĺ̫̫һСӸˣ˼ҸһôԼʲôˣȻеҡ
뵽¾ûӡ
ڵ˵һУûʲôܻˡ
ʷƲ죬Ҳ̫̫磬طɲôŵǮ˳ҲùҼǸȢһС檣۰úܣǰҹܼңڼҲҹˣһǮ࣬Ҳһ͵ܳˣȻҲҲسǿңмʮǮţҪһ㼸ǲܵģҲûУɱңҲòôӡ
ʵûжǮ
̫̫Ǯ˹ȥһǮļʮǮҲ
ϻаɡ
ʷҲһЩܸ㣬ǲʶȤãҲҿ֪Щطڤ飬ɲж󡣡
ɲŹ̫̫
Ҫ˵ĺһ㣬ʷǸŹ̫̫ѧģֶֻǿ


506 ˭˭

̫̫µɱңѵô;ڤҲûʲôҪɣҪҪңҲˣֻϣ㵽ʱӸ磬Ӵһ£Ҹһĵطˡ
˵ĵȴĥҪôѹʷƭ¡
ֻһ뵽˰취ӽһʳʷһᣬҲΪһӺˣ㲻Ը˰ɣȥƹ׼һʳ˶߰ɣϹͷҲȥˣ͵նʬˣҾȥˡ
ʷ̫̫˵óģĵ˼֡
ʱҲˣӣŲŸ㼸ʮǮӽһɣҶüûԹˡ
ʵ;
̫̫һЦúúãĸŮžӦóԵõģȥˣ͵һᡣ
̫̫ŻѲŸϣ˴öƹֹ˼䣬ƹһ𾪣ܿ¶Цݡ
ʷĵĵţҲûлʲô
ܿ죬̫̫Զŷ˽СˣһһزˣҪǻһСƣͷ
Ǻܷʢĳʳˡ
̫̫кʷ³ԣҲʳ̷ڵϾͿʼ
ֻ̫̫һƱϽʷﵹϣȿھưɣԲ˲ζĸƹ͵ľƣҲúһڽ
ʷﵹһƱֱӺºָ̫̫һ
̫̫һȰʷ⣬ԼȴӲһ㡣
ϸڹʷﲢδ֣Ϊƺܺúȡ
ܿʷԱ㣬һ㣬ҲˣҾͺ˯ɣ񷿾Ͳ񷿣Ҳûʲô˯õġ
ֱʱʷﶼû⣬ڲ˯š
̫̫ȷʷ˯ˣϽóȥһϲĶƹһЦ
ƹе㲻˵δ룬ðɡ
̫̫һƹ㺦ʲôף黹ģŲкüŮģܳʲôǮԺרʰһ׬ƽΡ
ʷֹʷûӻʱ뷨Ѿسסôʱ䣬ջЩʲôһģְ¥Ͼ
ΪŮûһΣֹֻܹʷǰƭ
ƹûԥóһӸ˹̫̫ĺݣ⻹ôһμŮģӸˣ¥µĵһ䷿ԺסˣŮڶ¥Ҫ¥ˣͰĵӡ
̫̫˵ɥĲġ
֪ʱѾǰºǹʷ๫ˣʷҺ¥ϵˣ̫̫ǱŤȥš
ǿջҲˣƹץ
ﻹе㲻ڣúõһ棬Ψһõľֻ͹
εһʱĹҲ˵˹̫̫£һʱ˴ӡ
ңһƣ춼˼ҪҪȥο̫̫ʷﱻȥˣ¿϶ڹʷǰ˴ˣ˵Թʷ
Щǹȥģڶ˵˹һ
ϣĬĵͷҲ֪ʲô
һԵֻоŪˣúõһҾȻ֧飬ΪⱲӶнĹʷٴȻجġ
̧ͷŵ˵ҪҪȥһۣ
̾ϢһһϺ͹ɣҲȥģ˵ûϵԺ󶼲ϵҲ御ˣһ̫ɥʷкܶ಻õĵطҲðѲʷˣοʷзġ
ðǰ̫̫ͬűϾ׻Ҫȥһۡ
Ļ統ͷһ˲ˣ̫̫ĲǹʷأǲҲᱻ̫̫ƭȥ
һֱûڵȻҲ뵽һ㣬̬Ⱥܼ𡣡
ҲͬⲻĺݲĺݣТ˳Т˳ˣ̫̫ôɥ£ý³ҲǾȡûʲôֵÿģȥˣϣָʲôҪ
һ㶼̫̫ͬ˱пɺ̫̫֮ſÿһ鶼ֵôҿ
ַ˵ʲôû˼ȥ̫̫
Ҳ׷İȥ̫̫ɹ̫̫
ʮ˺ܿҲ֪˹̫̫飬һȲѣŶû뵽̫̫ôɥɡ


507 ն

ɶ鿴ƽô꣬ٶ֪һЩ̫̫·ֻҪ£ǲɥ
ƫƫҲǰ޹˺ˣ˵ˣ̫̫޴ΪúõľТȴһ룬һʼδʲôһֱȡ
˹ݵӣĿˣ޷졣
ҲΰΣЩʱ̫һˣΪãҲǺ
Ҳʹô죬ÿһ⣬һҶֻ˵ûйϵˡ
֮ˣնûٶ˵ʲô
һգۣȵյ죬ҲʱͣЪҩƶ˴ˣĸҲһСĹ£úܡ
Ӻܶ˶ʼֲҩݣĶڷܺܶˣɽҩҲԶˡ
ܿ죬նӵˡ
͹һȥһ
Ҳ׼ôһȥϵĵСܾһǰȥسǣһȥسǡ
пڣΧһȦˣЩֵģն¿ɲʲôʱܼġ
Ѻ̨ϣܵ˶ʼָָ㣬һʱ䲻˿̵Ĺңݵúܣ˫ȫȻûǰݵģ
һĻֻܸпҡͷ
봦նһᣬһʱնʱ
ͻȻ˳ɵ䣬ָָбȺе㿴ǸǲǹСɽ͹ɽ
˳Źָȥ濴˹Сɽ͹ɽվȺС
ΪӦڹָʱ򣬹Сɽ͹ɽҲ˹ֻ˺ܿƿߣװ˱𴦡
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ҲǣȻѾûϵˣԺİ˻õġ
ܿ죬ˣҲǹɵһμնʲôӣһֵˣݣеĴðź⣬η
˲ʱ̧ͷͷ̫̫ͷʱһпֵ˶ˡ
ֻǹְѹԴľϣ̱ҿѪȵһĻȺȥ
͹Ҳ鸴ӵĴȺм˳
߰ɡɫѿ˵
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Ҳɺ͹̸ˣ֪ɽ͹СɽˣѾûıҪ
һɵѪζȺкܶ˶ų̫Ѫһ㣬Ҳ̫̼˵˰ɡ
ҲȥѪȵĳ棬ȻسǣҪһߵģȻЩٻȥɡ
ѵһسǣӰǻ֮⻹ǵһιسǣܵõһ䡣
ߣͻȻ˹Сɽ
͹ͣ£תվڲԶĹСɽ
кܳһʱûмСɽڴӵʱƺҪ˹࣬ϵҲǰ˺ܶ࣬һ𣬹˺ӡ
Сɽ¶һ˼΢Цлǵġ
ͻȻж˼ˣƺܶ궼ûйˣԭأһʱ֮䶼ҿڡ
˹ľȣСɽɡ
СɽɻĿϾû
ڴ˿̣ɽ˹СɽܣСɽǹùá
˲Сɽ֪˭ˣǴã
Ǻܿĵģرô֮󣬲ᵽһԲжҪ
ֻϧܶ鶼زǰˡ
ŹСɽ΢΢ͷʬǻᴦɣ
ɽ͹СɽһλΪ£СɽᴦǱҲᰲźõģίˣǰһжǵĴ̫һ㡣
뿪Ӻ󣬹СɽһֱڣرЩ֮鿴ø͸
ͻȻοĸоɽ͹Сɽųĺӣиġ
СɽĻ̹ࣺ֪ܸģĪɣ綼֪͹ˣԺúùӣĪҪ·нնǾȡҲ̫ģûиʬģڣҲͰˣԺʱߡ
˵ͺ˸
Сɽ͹ɽŹ˽ԶȥıӰ̾һ磬˵Ҫ˭ǺãǲǾͲнˡ
ǰǲǷǣ¼ˣ᲻˲٣û𶼾ò
ɽûڹϰæڼǰ뿪ˣҵ˹Сɽһ⡣


508 п

ɽɳˣǰЩ£ĵεúܣǴɰƵҾȡǰ治ǶȻ뺦Сɽ֪ˣ𣿡
ǰһУڲǼٵģǻɳģҲڳɳֻǴЩˡ
Сɽջ˼ʵҲҵģֻǺɵĹϵĪҪκǲΪݡ
ɽҲ֪ǻǹɶǲõġ
зִ磬߰ɣ˵ײڹײӣȥׯѵʬ˰ɡ
ڹնĵϣ̫̫һĴϣĵԼ
ûǵĻˣҲȥġ
ûаɥ£Сɽ͹ɽֻһײİѹ̫̫װã˹ߡ
ˣҲûмֵܡ
سתһȦһЩҪõƷ󣬲ŻصС
ҩ̡
֪Ϊνֵúܣһͣҩõſڣһϲѵǰ״ˡ
һ֮ûмˣϵҩöھӪҩʱ󴺵ģȴǰ״ġ
ð״Ļ˵ǣģɲˡ
Ǽе飬ûͣ£ֱ뿪
ȥҩãһžЦӺԺҩûˣֱӾȥ˺Ժ
󴺰⺢ӻʵϡЦ˵š
һӾͼϺͰ״ϣ󴺺վš
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˹ȥϵߣֿһ󴺵󴺸ô£վ˵Ҳ̫˰ɡ
󴺺ץץͷ˴ˣҪվһᣬȥسˣ
״϶֪ն£ͻȻˡ
״һпֻǹЩ£ʵ⣬õһҰܳ
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Ǿȡɣҵǲͬ飬ɵ͸ͻȻǲ׼ȥ𣿡
״ѾڰһլԺеĻլӶѾˡ
˵ϳ棬ûʲôֵ˻ˡ
״ЦŽͣⲻǳүҪæȻΪܻҺﻹ׼Ȼȥ㣬һʱסҡ
լԺˣûŵĵطˡ
ЦǺðҼڿúܣҪסöԣɵм黹ͬ˵˵ҩ治ˣ
ð״Ǻܴģô洫ҵ˵ҪͲҪˡ
ǰû״÷СһС
״һȻôõͽҾͰˣҪûд󴺵Ļҿ϶᲻÷ϵһУʮҲܰβͦõģҾͳ׷ˣֻҪС֪ϽҾͿͬڰǺúùӡ
οҲܿģѧϰҽĹɺ󴺶Ǻõġ
һӿܶôõͽ
Ц⵹ģʱڰҲûȫŰɡ
֪״вסģү壬Ҳն°
״һЦѾͷǴڳҵҩô˶ҿɺˣرУֻȥζ¥æӹõҲգѾͷТ˳úܣ̫ˣҵôҲնȥֻҩôա
ڸҸ㣬Т˳ϱɵĶӣ׼Ҳܺദʲôġ
ɵǲ֪ЩҲΪ˿ģ⵹ǲҪǲʱǣÿһдڱϲܾСǱϲǡ
ڰ״ǰûʲô˵ġ
Ц⣬鼫ãСģĲģиСҪֶζûɹ
ɻδ˵£һ;ˣôûͬ˵أ


509 

һˣѲɳ룿ôҪ鶼˵
Ҳܻ䣺ͬ˵ҲûðСӴأСҵģӦ֪ǵҰɡ
ڰǴôʱ䣬Ȼ֪С㣬ֻСǰǶףΪФˣĵɻСɣǰ˵ǺͳҲǰ˸Ӷŵô֮ǰҲ˰
Щ°״֪ĺ٣ȴǶˣҲûˣҪһ㣬ȻҪʸ֦ǵûгҿڣ˭Ҳһ£ǰǲģзҵˣʱҿ϶ҪӲŰ
Щֻо̾
Ȼ¡
һȤɲǣһºͿʼƽ˼ᶼȥˣȻزҲȥˣҵĿĺԣҪΪҵĹүϯʹƣÿһζܾȣֻԵĺһ㣬ҼζûҵᣬһΣ̸£ʱըˣҲ֪Ƣͻͽôƣ¾ֿˡ
Щž;úܼңҲûֻоźܹ񫡣
ǺأȲʵ
һЦҷҵ̸£˵дôһ֣ҿûˣó檣ҲԸΪ檣֪ô˵
붼֪ôش𣬵϶˵԰ɡ
һ;úЦʲôûмС㲻ҪӲأûİ㡣
ϹЦѾͷ˵ʹʶͽСһģһʱ˵ģ˵䣬˵ˣⱲ߳㣬еڶŮˣڳصĳ֣棬ҲǻãƳҾͲЩ飬һжҾȡû˵ʱһֲ³ıӣ˻ȥ֮Ц˺ü졣
ҲºЦҸͲ֪ڳжصķ
¶ֻϿɹһˣƳⲻǻʲô鶼˽ȥˣ޴
ɾ϶кǺأ
ȻҲ˵ᱡҪô˱ȳһ䣬ûǸйҳ˰ǵЦ
һϲ̵˵ţڰȥôãࡣ
ҡҡͷ뵽¾Ͳ֪οˡ
״ȴЩﲻ֪ҵ˵һЩǵ֪Щ룬ʱͺҵжˣҿǰʯͷԼĽš
Ȼ֪£Ǵ˵ģȴһ㶼̲סЦ
ʵǡЩŮڳǰɦŪ˵ģֻóУ˵ģЩŮӵĵǺܴģСֻζû㵽ķӦΪ˶һءų֮ĬΡ
ЦһΪЩû뵽һģǲЩоܹ񫡣
ʹͷ˿ûбܻ䣺Ǻܹ񫣬ǽҳ԰ɡ
ȴЩӦ飬ǾͲõˣⱲӶԲɵ飬ǰҾͿˣСӳúܣϲһŮӣϲˣ㲻Ҳѹһ㶼ǡ
鼫ãվʱҲˣҲ˵ˣʲôȥ˵س˺ܶóԵģһԣ󴺸ȥһ
󴺹˵һصӡ
µ״ϻס׼ˣһŵ˷˵ζ
æµš
鼫õſӭӰ״ϡ
״һ˽Ӻⲻһѡ
ȥϷǱߺһ˹ԷԺ
سһЩȽϺóԵĳʳһ˳ԵҲ
Ϻ˵ǵ£ͻȻҲˣɵĻȻһ㣬Ҳ׼
¹Ҳ˵˼Σ⣬һ˰ȥǵģߵȫ˫һҡ
ͬĻ˵˲¼ʮ飬˶Ϊ֮
ϸǲŪҲˡ
һЦҲһλġ
⻰һֱӷԣôУҲóȥӴ˲ǰҲ˵˶ѧΧã֪ôͬദϵҲûаôð


510 Ȱ˵

һʵ⣬ϵųֿ˺ܶ궼û취еţϵĴȻҲޡ
ǵȴһм䲻кܶ¸صˣõѡȥǡ
ԥɼϷϵĸ첲ʹһɫ׹ɵ˼֪еģ룬ôʣµģѵһӶûгͷ֮գûҲˣǼҵҲʮõģΪλ᲻øһЩΪС᲻뿪ӣȻ͵һӣ
¾ɲ˵Ҳġ
ӹɶ£ɲһӾڴ档
ϸԥˣȻͨũҸˣҲߴߵĵҿ׷˵ĶԣúúһˣôɲڴӴһӣ˵Ǽһܳһ״ԪأҪ᲻ģһȥǰ
ͽˣҲǸ˼⡣
ԥúܣżҲȥһ룬־һͺãҲǰҲѧ
ּɲΪͳĹϵӰ˺ӣȴµĺӳˣҲѺȥǣúǼȫũһӶÿͰ͵ģһ˶ûУҲǷˣΨһĶӣѲһµµΪµµΪҲ
ϳĬˣ֪Ϻ˵ĶǶԵģҲûʲôԷģʵϹʱĶӣȻػһӣϣĲŬҲΪ׸
һѾùɺˣҲΪңġ
״˿ڣҲȥǣǱһԺѧһǶõģ˵ĶԶʶɣǴӺԺģǵ¸صģ˺ܶѧһб£ҽֱӰȥȥҲûϵǿ԰չ˺ӣ˵Ҫˣȵ׺󣬹һֱڰǣʱҲչġ
Ϊ˺ӵĽҪһЩ
ĵԽԥ
һԵʵԥСȥõѡǺԺҲ˭ܽȥģСƾųҵԽȥ飬ǴСȥеĴ˼ңֻҪǮģôõĻᣬһԴȥ
ɲǣԺÿֻʮѧǮ˼ҿɲֹʮӣСôСͽȥҲ
֪ϳ׵ĶˣȰ˵Һ˵ܶΣʵû͵ŬһУŬһΪʲôҪܺõĽõ˽ӣһӹǰ࣬׬ӣûԼбǿ͵εܹܵҫôϵôûн̳һ̽״Ԫ
Ǻʵ⣬ϵϺ͹˲õڹɵȴôС
̧ͷǾģȥԺֻڰȥ᲻̫Сһ㣿
ЦСˣǰǲȥˣ꿪ʱͱҪȥðռţҲĥȥһˣ½Ҿͺˡ
ҲȥǿһȻҪȥҲˡ
뵽˶Ҳ֪벻飬飬Ҳȥ
С࣬һŮӴһӣ϶ҪԿͷġ
һεûоܾһ˳ȥ㣬˼ԸͶȥ飬ǿһһ˾ˡ
һҪ໥չˣ໥֣СڿԼ׬ǮԼһǵǲǡ
ƾЩǮˣǳҲûʲô
˿ҲǴӦˣùɾһˡ
״ס˴ÿҲţ״ڴѲߣƵҩݣһҩݣǾȤ
ɰѼɹõҩݶװʰһͺһȥ˰ǡ
һ·ϣɶûţȽϺõĵطҲͣȥ˽һ
ɽ帽˶ֲҩݣԶԶҵúܴ󣬲ǾǣһЩҲҵĻ
ҩݾҪһ
ĥţȻ׬ǮһЩ
ȻҲÿ·;أɽ̫Զһ㣬ҪչĻ밲ԽԽá
ƽֻҪվܵǣһȴʱ䡣


511 

ڵ˼ѾȫˣôΪģǰ۽̫խ۽ˡ
ͳ֮Ҫӹܳҵ⣬ܵΪҵĽ롣
˳ǣڳſھȥ˳ҵĳׯһҪС顣
ڴϣŰǵֻ֣ĸо
ǵģԶ簲ôḻҪӣڴҲҲط
һ֮˳ҵĳׯһƹһۿ˹ɣϽǰк
ҵƹ˭֪˭δٷˣҶԹҲǷģǽһá
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һҪмɣ˭ûйһϵӿ϶ÿͰ͵ģָлһ۸ᱻЦ
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СϽҡͷ²ܴӦҪܶӣⲻһӾܸ㶨ģߣͶǷһ̫̫ˣϽУҲܴӦǷһ̫̫ˣܻռǵıˣ͹ùԸ⣬Ҳͬġ
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512 Ӧ

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513 Ժ

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514 ˿˿

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ԥʽǽȥģһʱкö˶֣øϽ޹


515 ֺ

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ΪѵԥҪҪޣĸ㿴ôŮҪ޸ָʲôֶΣҪǽһûסϵզ죬ѲһŮһҿɲ룬ĥҪ޸ˡ
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µúܣĵĹɻᣬҪ֪ɵķǶһ޶ġ
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516 ϲ

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ȽԱ棺ɲҪ˼˵˺ܶ࣬㵱أû뵽ܼ㣬ҵܲͬ˵˵Ҫôܴһ׬ǮҲǴˣҼһӶù
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517 ȽԱ

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ŴӸ׬ǮƺȽԱȤ
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ȽԱºһЦСţҾǵҪʵ򸽽ĸ׶ٺҼҶЩϵݣǰҼµģжҼҵģвҵصũЩ˵ӹòãҸ˵ģҲҸģҾţС㻹ҪŵصĻɲչһߡ
ҪɰһֱҲڰˣޣ֮ǰȥɼҸĴ˽֪ԽԽùĽ
ҪϵأҲ֪
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ȽԱûֱӴӦ˼ǵ鵹ǲҲֱȻϵһ죬ȻҾȥ֪ͨңһٶĶǿģũĵԸԸǣǾ͵ÿҵˣҰ˶ټ֪ͨǣסϵĿջɣ
˵ңҲܰȽԱԼ
ѾõĽˣɺͳлȽԱˡ
뿪ӣɲŵȽԱ⵹Ǹ򵥡
һҲͬϾ֮ǰҹȽԱ⣻ҵʱȽԱ˿ͺˣҹǴҵϢ֪ҺйϵһˣɲɾͿˡ
Ϊҵص飬ŪýͷöģܽҲɺܶࡣ
ǳҵ⣬ɲܸˡ
ɲܳɵģľ飬³ɹļʴúܣοɿ϶ܳɵģΨһĵľǹ̿ûô˳һʼ׳˺õЩ˻ּۻۣǵĵЩ̫̰ᣬҲûʲôϵ
еߵģߵ²Ӧ
Ҳ㣬ɾͺúǳɲҲɴķ̫ھᡣ
Źɵ֪ˣǴ㵽һ䣬ǻؿջ
һȦҲˣҲȽԱ˹ڽһЩСʳ˺ͻصջ
ջ󣬵Ҳ࣬Ҳû䣬ڴһſһ˵һߺȲ衣
˺ܾûһ˵ĻϵҪ̻о׵ҲҪƻһ¡
ƽﶼûʱϢүѳҵ󲿷ֽ͵УҲԹ
һҲĸȻڰæأǲ֪ҵն£ԼȴͰײ塣뵽¾һΡ
ȴүڳץ֮󣬳ү㲵ۣˣҵصȻúϢϢ
ϲĳ棬ǶŮб£ܸɶ¡
ܶϢϢҲ֮е£οͱ±Թˣ߶֤ͣ˰ô㡣


518 

ҲôһǵеԹûˡ
ڿջ˴ŰʱȽԱˡ
ȽԱȥȽңûӾͣˣһͼܶȽԱߣɼЩȽԱĺܲô¿϶˳ܶࡣ
˵ȽԱĶȽֺӣһһߵЩǸģҵڸ֮˵к£ҶȽϻѾ֪ʲôģϣܳɡ
ȺߣڴڵƽشվˣȽԱȺУԱߵ˵ʲô
ȽԱɺͳ˰ӡ
ºȽԱ⿪ʼԱߵļλ˽
ɺͳ֪⼸λ˶Ǹ¸صˣɹȾҪ˵λˡ
ȽԱĻ󣬺̹ȻĿżλ˵ȽԱѾǽˣҺܿҲϣسɹЩܳϿңҲġ
Ǽλ˷׷׵ͷȽԱ˵֮ǾͶˣֺǴŵҲҪǲӦ޴ˣǻѼǮһ㡣
ڹûе֮ǰǾˡ
ȽԱشҶûֻһһ㣬һʮ̫һ㡣
ֻǵһЦδܺĽ͵Ͱƽ£һĶشٶʮҵĵȣɽش඼ˮһһʮﲻˣϾǲó˹Ҳó֣ҲõգҰǸĹǮҲͣô˵ضǻ㡣Щʵ
ҲܳϿҵʵҪȽԱ˵Ұһ´ңҲֱ͸׳Ǵֱ˵һٽʳһٶʮʳּۻۣڣҾûҪԸļǮǵĵߣҶûֲʼ϶ǿ
ȽԱ󰲾ֻмˣͬⲻͬЩÿҵ
һλ˵ʳʲôʱң
ѣǩԼʱͿԸңһθģԼһǩʮ꣬ϾֲҪܶྫ
ʮֻĲԣʵϿԵĻ취ѵ
⣺һǴ£Ҫ
һ֮ǰͿǺˣϿҵҪҲÿٵأĵضˣҪ˾Ͷ࣬о˷棬ǻѡص˼ңǮһ½һΣЩǶõģǳҲǷǮˡ
ҼҴҵÿ·ȥĹǮδǷǮ
ȽԱ⵹֪һЩҵ飬΢΢ͷͣһӵû˵ٻ
۷׷ס
ҲǮҲԱ֤ԲǷҡ
ܵۺ˵״ҶĶ
ȽԱҳòɿ˿ڣҾѵӣԥǺú뿿ɽ帽ˣϪظŲҩˣĿǳһܺõĻᣬֻ»һӡ
ϣܳɣҪ׬Ǯ
ŵҲڵͷ̸
ɺͳܰ˵Ķ˵ˣȽͺá
һӺ󣬼λֹͣ˽̸εĿȽԱ⡣
ȽԱϴЦ˶Ըأж⣬ͳһ£ȻȻϣǡ
ɺͳû뿪˴ӡ
뿪֮󣬴ӷˡ
ȽԱ϶ЦЦӯӯĿŴҵΪǲӦҰĺ¡
ûһ˽ģȫҡ
λҲ޴ģпĪĺô
˻ԺܸߣҲɵһĶһʮﲻˣؼǻһʮǮһɲأʱ£Ҳֹǰһ
һЩйǵˣһ뵽سȥͲȥ£һҲԥˡ
ֵغҪ׬Ǯģһ굽ͷֵس˰ʣ˶٣һĶһʮ˰ʣ¼ʮʳȥĻһ׬һҲǰãôһ̤ʵˣر֪ȽԱҪһٶĶضȥøĶˡ
ȽԱһЦ⣬ҵ֧֡
ɺͳصջͿʼ׼Լ£Լ϶ҪǩģҪǩҪȥǩаȻдԼ˵ͷϡ
¹࣬ƹһŰæһдչϰٻ˼ңҪԼһܶ࣬дĶһЩһµĶ٣꣬ĶЩ


519 

Ѿо飬ҲϰµǿȣͳϺܺá
һֱҹŰеԼãɲĶһ󣬸ӣϢ
һҹעǲƽģ򸽽ϢĶȽԱĴӣԴ˵һλᣬԺûлˡ
ɽȽԶһ㣬ֱȽ϶ԱһҲ嶯ϵĺ飬ѰǰѵũҲüʮʳ꣬ũʳҲֻǷţ˵˭һģؼҪǮ
ɳǳǮˣһĶһʮﰡɱƽũ߼ʮʳˣ֪ɽ΢Զһ㣬Ҳһܲܰѵȥ
ڶһȽԱɺͳȥҶû˯Ϊ˰á
ɺͳһӣ͸оЩԾ˲ǰվڲԶһЩ񣬿ǵͬһ㡣
Ϊպ˳ֻ²˳
οĿ˹һۣһԵȽֺӣվ΢ԶһЩ˿ʲôطģ
ȽֺӿЦһˣֻ˵ʵôλ£Ļҵ㡣
ȽֺһԺӣڣѾ˺ܶˣԺҲ֣վһʲô
Щ˼ɺͳɫӡ
ȽԱ飬º󣬽ܵӣСŵǸرȽ϶Ա⣬ŶλҪأҹ͸Ϲˡ
ɺͳòĳżλúܸԱͷ
ȽԱôλʵһҪԭ򣬾λٵأ
һ࣬ȽԱԭ򣬿һԵļλԱ⣬⼸λǲɽȽԶ
λԱڸǸ˼ңĲһǰ㣬ɶȲŵ̬
һλԱɽȽԶ֪ϢȽ
ǳˣЩɫƵֻЩԱ⻧Աûкµ⻧˵ɣԺڲ԰
ԱⶼȽԱڳЩԱⲢˣǿеֻԼ棬ڰյ棬ȻҪ
һλճµԱЩδ⻧˵˵Ҫسȥ󣬶Ȼһ⻧˵׵ġ
Ա⿪ͷ⼸λԱҲ˱ʾ
ɵһЦأʵܶط⣬ǲϣʹҲìܣҪһǧĶңҪĹҲܶ࣬ʱֻƻɽĵأɽĵزŻ죬̫Զ˿϶С
Ա¶ϲЦݵҼҾһ㣬ҲȽϼУлмǰȽԱҵġ
ںܼǰȽԱͶˣܷʲôǿԱϣسȥֻ
ɶԳԱ⻹кøеģΪԼ׬Ǯµˡ
пܱ⵽ºһЦ˵
Ա鼫ãлһţֻмһҪףǲǰҵص⻧ڲ԰£
ɵͷȻû˵Ҳû취Ӳǣȫһһһܱ֤ģҪ˶࣬ʱļˡ
µ⻧ͺãĵλҵĵأҶ⡣
ɲһˣʹôҲÿģ֪һЩũ϶վһȥʹ˵ףʱ򿴵ܶ˶úܡ
ׯ˼ǿû˵أⲻҪ˼ҵô
ȽԱҲͬŹһվǾͳȥʹ˵
һ˳ȥ侲
һȦվЩŵȺ΢Զһ˼ǲõģֻҪԱѵǣÿÿһΪ԰£Ǯʮһ죬԰æҪҲмѡ
⻰ûаЩҵǣкܶũԼûصģҪֵضǿ⣬Աѵ˳ȥӻôһСô
в԰ҪǲҪô๤ָô죿֮кܶɻ
˾ʹŵʵҪǲҪô๤ô죿ǶöӣһСҪأûеô
ЩǺܹؼ⣬Ҳס
̾Ϣһ֪ǵʲôôҲǸ£ɺãֻҪصԱѵֲҶôÿÿһ԰£ǲĵĻǿǩԼġ


520 

֮ǰͿڳ֣ڳ˵껰֮󣬻˰ﲻȽԱӵ˳òɿ
Ƕ˫õĺ£ϣΪЩ³ָû꣬ߣҶûŪҲ޴
ɺÿ˶֪رûص˼ңҪ̾˵ֻͨºѡ
Ȼͬ룬˵Щ˲
ƺҲˡ
˵ĵɣǰѵǣʱǲϰֽô죿ֲܰ
ǰֵֵúúõģһһжˣⲻô

һʱ֮˵ʲôĶС
ЩֻЩ᲻ˡ
վͻȻЦˣҼҲׯ˼ңֻºܶ˶˵ңǴҵĵҶף±ҪģϾĵزǵģ֮ʹҽͣŵΪǣΪҼҲǴһߵգЩͬҲãͬҲգʱֻһǧĶأɽʼǼԱҲһ⣬⵽صģǾҿİɣΪԺǻ֪òá
һû˵ʵϹ˵ı˵ҪãҪ˵˵Щ
ԱܿһǧĶصĻӦܰҵĵˡ˵Ϥ⻧ҲģС㶼ŵ˻ǲǾͱˣҪûŵҰѵջˣֲֽ˵ģ˹ٸҲһƽ΢һ룬һʮǮһ¾Ƕ١һǶ٣ƽһ׬٣ѵûԱôֻҪǶӺúģ֪Ǻһ׮
µľ⻧ˣˣԺôõĺ£нҲһЩ
ڳԱֵصũ˽ԱƢģ˵Ա˺ܺãΪǣ꣬Ա⻹
ղŻ˶ˣǲǲ֪ôˣԱô˵ôҪǻ¾ˡ
ԱĻãٺö˶侲
ɳųԱмĵͷ˵Ķ˵ˣԸصĹǩǩֻѺʳ͵ʱӣֱҪʳǡ
ȽԱ׵壬ֱǩֻѺ˳ŰĶˣѾ⻧ͨˣҶû
ԱȲǰǩֻѺȽҴҲǰɺͳæ鲻鷳ˣôǩֻѺҲˡ
һææЩǩֻѺõԼѾ뿪µĴ඼ԥġ
ţͻȻˣѾһǧĶˡ
ɿһۻţ˾Ͳˡ
ЩԼԱѵȥˣһôΪʲôǺԼԱѵȥôֻҪɺͳ˵յؾ͹ˡ
ɺͳҲǩõԼʣµģ϶ҪȥˣЩ⣬鷳
ЩûسȥԱ⣬һźǺĶֻϧ̫ԶˣһǧĶظ͵ǵĵ̡
ʰԼǰλҲˣϵľƼҳһٷ
Ǻܳĵ룬԰Ժ᲻˵Ȼһ㣬ƽϡ
ЩΪһԱ⣬󣬶ĴӦܺͰǵĳҹӳԷҲԺҫʱ
ڳԱһӦ
ҲûǻڵȺЩũߵС˵˼䣬СǮǰˣһ˸ǮͷԵġ
˵һЩûʵĻ֮ũǶȻܣǴ˿ǸмģмûаѵȥǿԼֵء
һʮȥϵľ¥ã˺ܶ˺;ƣһҶϤˡ
Ҳʶ˳ȾƵ治һܺȵùģһ㵹ûǰδֳôһ档
ȵ극Ա뿪Ѿڡ
ɾסһ˵ճ˻ȥʳҴԶŵ顣
ڶֱ˯ȻѣһŷѾˡ
øպôţƼһյվ⣬ƺҪţֺ³̲ס΢΢𴽽ǵ𣿡
ͷ˼ҲԺ̫ˣ㵣ˡ
ȴѰ̸ҲǺȾƣ
۳ģôĵӶϣѹ֪ѰֻҲûٺȾƣȻǵõһμʱʱǶá


521 

Ѱ̸ⶼǸˣϤˣȻзֵȴûһȰȾƣҲ;˾˺ȡ
ǰûȾ⣬ռˡ
Ⱦ˸Σһ˭ڼһֱùȾ̫Ҳԭ򣬺
տȾô࣬Щˡ
ЦһʵϲȾƣرӦȾƣֻǲȾƵĻ˻ΪĲɣֻܺȾơ
ɵһΣ㵣ˣûȾƵģһܶͶ㣬ǰⲻõʱҵÿ춼ȵ֪㵣ңԺһᾡٺȾƵġ
Ҳȣɵǡ
ıס˳ͷڳļϵԺһ㱸ý֪ȾƱⲻˣԺܶͶ㣬ôʵ˼Һɵĺȸͣ
̵ģɺ˿ȳۻ
ɵЦŵͷҶġ
ɰһ۳׬Ǯ׬ǮҲôҪҪ֪֪Ⱦ˸ΣԺҪô죿ĸô죿
ĺ³£һεĿκΣյ鶼ˡ
һֽۣıס˹ҴӦúչԼҲúչǡ
ɵõ˳ı֤˳˻һ·ٵߵҲ㴦ˣʣµͺã԰Ҫģϵܶá
԰ҪǾӪ˿϶׬Ǯ˻ĵأЩǰģǰɽһǧĶܾӪã˶⡣
Ҳ֪԰ҪԣⶼҪҲ̫࣬һᾭҪ߿˳㡣
Щʵ򵽿ɽֻҪһ·̣㲻Զ
˿˿ģҲƶˣų־¥ǳ˷͸Ͻ߰ɣϾܵء
ÿһγң뿪춼
ֵģϵҲϲģ緹ڴϣʶĻкָо治
ҲܾûȥɽˣлǵŹϣ˺ܶƷŪùɶ̲סͣ
ϵ鴦ˣֱӳ뿪
˵˷ϲ¾ˬڰǵʱ򣬳յĲ԰£״̬ɲãˣ˲䶼ˡ
ųȵģҲĲ٣ѵദʱ䣬ϧⰲʱ̡
ٯٯһܿȥصϣɾȥؼңһЩʳźͳһش塣
ӵʢûмһûô֣ɹҩݵļҲֻԺӺԺһ㣬Ӵڵβȫǣ洦ɼæµˡ
ôڰæ˰ȵʵ
ɾֳ֪ᾪ̾һЦȻ˻϶æˡ
ƽȥǵҩݣֱӽƹģǿ˱Ѻͻȥǣֻ֪ȥҩݺܶ࣬ȴȴⷬ龰
ڴϣŵҩ㣬̹ˡ
ɽ͵ϰչҩݻسǵҩҲչԲŻô˰æԺӲˣͳˣ˶飬ҹҩݻ࣬³ɽʵ̫ҩҲܷḻ֮˶ʼֲҩݣһֻҪ·ãͲӦ⡣
ܴŴ¸Ҳο˵໥ģûҲܸԣ뻹Ժġ
ǰʱȥһ˾ǣ̸ˣ·Ҳ⣬ο·㲻õģѾкܶҩôҩǳҵҩҲܶ࣬ڱĵطҲ˺üҩֻ̣չ
Ӱбغһֱҩ̵⣬֮ҪӪҩݣ϶Ҫһ㡣
񣬱˵չصҩݣҩݶչҲꡣ
гı֤ɺܰģĥôֲҩݣֲҩݵԽԽ࣬ܶ໹ѯʣҲһȰֲˡ
˶ֻҪлԣڴҶ׬ӣȻˡ
ԽԽù඼ֲҩݣǰƲɽأҲ˽񣬼ҼһȥģӸɽҲҩݡ
³ɽ˶Ҳ̫룬ҩҲ˺ܶ⣬϶ҪﶼҪֲֶ׬ǮҩݣžǸ롣
ɺһֱֲš


522 

˼˶飬໥к
ÿɽ壬رɣ˺ܴӣҲûʲôĻദ졣
һЦˣѾܳʱûˣæɡ
Դأ֪ڹɼѵʱ򣬾ҲǴֵصˣºһЦشһʱȽæϵ²Ž֣ܳʱûˣɺã
ЦúܲãԳ൱⣬СûһӲ˵黹ܿס
ЦضزסĸһһùϽݣ㲮ĸҪ֪ˣһܿĵġ
ʹǣСƷԺӡ
вҩϸо˽Ժӣһ̧ͷͼվǰЩŵվˡ
û׼˵Ůÿμ˵ԶһִĶԱаɡ
Ͼ̫Ǯ̫Ǯˣ֮ǰʮǼ󼰵ġ
ºһЦ밲ĸãǰϵ̫æûйˣ벮ĸ¡
ϸϽ֣һɱҪ˵Һ㲮֪ϵæûʱҲԹ㡣
һֱ֪ҵⶼ˳ôļңô⣬һæҲ۰ɣ뵽⣬ϸ˳һۣеۣ㶼ˣ⺢˵׬ǮҪҲҪ
˵ţݡ
ִЦеĴк
Ͻš
һͺˣûŵģû޸أͿʼţСıЦ㡣
˵ȴġ
Ц²£űûҵδأ˵ˣҲźʲôѵţⲻһô
͹̫̫֮û˹ǺţŶһ˼
ԱվŵĽϹЦһģһģϾһˣôི˳ھˡ
˽ݡ
̸Ͻˮ
ģǳչ˹ɵģȴûôչ˵˵˼ܼ򵥣ùһ㣬֮ɲû֮ǰŬ棬ǰ࣬ôھ³ڹź
֮Ҳû׷ϾڹңЩڲ˼
ĸҲöע壬ۿžҪˣѩ֮ͱչҩˣúõĹʱŻоĸһЩʱա
ԽĶԳ⣬ĻûˣһЦ֮󻹵æ飬кܶҪֲҩݣҲԱ߰æܲʲô鶼ϣԺʱĻжҪ飬鷳չأҺ㲮ĸûʱȥչˡ
⻰ɺ⣬ǵģ⣡֪ϳ谮ģҲģȴгչģǲȥǣ㵽ʱ𣿡
ƻϸȥǣڰһСլԺ
ϰϵĲ豭ƣº͵˵ȥ󲿷ʱ䶼ԺУҴˣԺѧסԺУʱС˸źͺãСҲæʱöҲԺУҲûչ˲ǣԺҲиչ˺ӵ̫ˣҪһҲܹ࣬Ҫģڲ֣ԺҪ־ˡ
Ҳˣ˵ĺ統ң仰һûǰĹɣûĶ١
ֲûˣҲʱʱ̶̿ţɾͺͳˣʱǾͶһչ˹ĵģʲôĵġ
һ£ͽףڰǲҲչģҺأҪ˵Ҳûʲôĵģ㶮ܵƤһЩ˵ǼкӣҲܳŹţԺ󻹵ָɲġ
ĳһЩͷҪúܶ࣬ߣ϶᲻ĳԿͷⲻΪĺãǺġ
ʱҲڴԺ飬֪ԺкܶຢӶǶһѧӺԺţҲǺġ
⼸ȥ˲ٵ˲ţԶһ
֮ǰкܶ̽Ͱ۵ģ״ԪǰҲһЩӴ඼Ǽӽƶ࣬ԼŬ˽ա
һЩҲͳͻˣҲ͹ġ
һ˿ʧΪȥģҲãĺԺڰǣϺ͹ҲԾ


523 

չ˹ûӦĸģչĵ½ҾͺãԺҺϤⶣģôСĺӣչˣĸҲõǡ
⻰͸ˣչǺ¡
ͺãͺã㡭
һһ˵ЦųˣҲе
һȻⲻһףڸһӵķʳյǲһҹ޻
ڶһ˴˹ɵķš
˯ñȽĹɣǴš
⣬⣺ô磿
˲پƣϢҲȽΪϢһᣬû뵽ˡ
һѱס˹ɣ°ͷڹɵͷҪˣϵ鲻ܵ飬һģʵǡ
е鶼ѹͷϣ˵տ⣬ǲġ
סڸڷİ״ų״ͳҲ˲پƣôҪߣЩ⣺ʱڣϢգѵü棬ôҪô
۳ôļҵڳϣ⺢ӳܵѹ̫ˡ
ǰϢգҲæһʱ
Ϻ͹ˣǸĸʵڱǸܶǣ̫࣬ʵЩ߲һһʱǡ
ھε˵꣬ﶼǲá
Ϻ͹֪æҲ·СģƽҲǵע塣Ϲе
ĴӳһЦĳһΣһǹǰģˡ
һЦЦȴºˣллĸģʱˣҾ뿪ˣײͲĸҪذǰûڣҵһ߶ҡ
Ҳǿ಻أҪǰ״ڣ϶ᳶŰ״壬һ鷳
״ڿɽģհҩݣʹ˵˵죬ӹյģ˵ҲܺãӸһЩ
ȥ˵ٹʮذǣҲУ˵Ҳӣϵ鶼ˣһͷҲû档
⵹һ⣬УĥŻȥ˵һ¡
ϰѼļͼװзϹŵҲȡ˳ĳϣóؼȥ
жвᣬͳǣֵߵϡ
ҪģŴҺǩԼΪˣ黹ܶأ԰á
԰Գҵ塣
һֱ֪һ״ˣʲô鶼һʼҪãȻ˾ǣôһлҪŬ԰ˣҶԶҲһĳ·
Ŀȫǲ᣺֪ˣҲԶʱ䣬ҲԹȥһʱֻܰ½ˣ֪ƹӣ̾£һβ԰ʹ㽻ȥܵøᣬܳͷǡ
֮ǰ֪̣ɵ˴һʱ䣬ԳׯȤϲߡ
Ժߣȿ̵ʵ
ɵû뵽̻Ȥ˵زǰڰǵʱӴҲȥ˽ֵܶǲˣѲ԰ʱ̣żЭһ£ܰѲ԰鴦ãԺãǶƹҲҪϣЩƹܶ඼ǸŲģ񲮸ûй飬ϼʮˣҲ˶һĵġ
ܶУʼģһ֪
Ҳϣܾȵˮյʱ
һֱҲڵ⣬΢΢ͷ֪ˣ׼ڶԾ¥ϤʱҴڱĵطҰζ¥ǰǵľ¥¥ãر׼ðζ¥ʣҲƳ˰ٹƣȥζ¥¥Ҳǲԡ
⵹һĵϢ״Ҳ⡣
׼бҲġ
ܺãĥĥ£׼¥һû⣬ׯƹ帺Ҳû£ͱòĸעһ㣬ұҲкøУµҲ
Ϻ˫֪С£ûӡ󣬵ԹɵۻǺŷġ


524 չ

һС̲סᣬھΡ
ҪѡлһңСҲҸһŮӴһڰһ;òװ
һжԭ򣬵
˰οĸõС㣬һչ˵ģȻر˽⣬ƹ˽ģԷƹΪֱҲǲģ⣬µǿԳɡ
ΪƹĹϵĻ϶档
СЩƣԶҲãܳȻòġ
ϸмС鷳Ƕˡ
һɷſ˳ֵʱˣϽ߰ɡ
΢΢ͷҲûмǣת뿪
¼ȥ᲻ߣÿһκ͹𣬶ĺѹʱ
Զȥ̾Ϣһ
۵⺢ܿˣһһμʱ򣬻һǵ竹Ӹ磬ڶԶһˣùûǰ佱˵⺢ͷԣҵⱻչ˵þġ
ǰ޵ĹɣҲ޹ȥͿ԰ųֵˡ
ǻǸϽҩݰɣϰƾҪͼҩһ¾ҪѩʱѩɽҲûҩˣҾͿԺúϢһȴĥţҪǵȵѩʱ򣬾ȥǰֵһЩ顣
æµ˴꣬˺ʹ˶ûúϢΨһοľ׬˲ӡ
һ£ɣֲҩݵ˹ƻܶ࣬ʮ綼ֲҩݣ㳣ǱѾǼ˼ٻ˼ңЩǰûʱ򣬶Ըֲ㳣˺üˣڿ׬Ǯˣһ۰Ͱ͵
Ҫ˵϶ǲ̹ģⱾǻݻ£Ҳ˵ʲô˷¸ֻǺϵ˵Ҫʹһ׬Ǯûš
ºһЦǺ̹ȻÿеǺ뷨ùæȥ˵ЩҪֲҩݵˣܾ飬ȰοͱˣⱾ֮飬ҲûԸǲҩ׬Ǯ󣬴ҲſʼǣҪһֻ̣ҪЩǾͺãԺ׬ǮĻỹܶ˵ˣ֮ǰҲû飬ҶֲҩݣҲæùʱҩ˼ңʧĻǣͦã˸Ҳҩݡ
ֻĵײ̹Թ䣬˹ɵİο֮ĵ׺˲١
ҲûʲôͲý黳ˣҪ˵ѾˣҪ֪㣬ղҲ˵ˣҲԶôԶ˵ǵ֣ҲһֳɹָûǵǣͷҲֲҩݣҲû˺⣬ֻҪֲҩݣĶ⡣
ѭ򽥽ܱһڳԸӺã׬Ǯľס
ȥ껹ûپ飬Ҷֲ϶鷳ȫ˶ҩݣÿ컹̰ڵģ˲پ飬ҸֲˣҲͲˡ
ɰο˹תԺӡ
ˣµҲôȥѾ߰죬ѹ˲£ص䣬˱óһ飬ܵ˵׬ӱȥ࣬ԵģĿ֧ҲˣÿĵӲȫ˶ҩݣһ쿪֧͵úüǮ
ΪæкܳһʱûзǮңһֱҲãȻҲ˵Ҳ˼
˱óģһͷ⡣
˱ϰģȥ֮󣬾ûҩݹȻûѵмʲô飿һ뵽סˣϽվߡ
Ϻ͹Ժɹҩݣ⼸ܺãõøϽҩƳ۹ɺͳĻ£ȴһĴ˳һһʲô¡
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鷴֮ǰϰ˵ǲ׷ģֿܣһϰµ飬ڶ־ϰҵµϰ塣
˼ȥǾõڶֵĿϰˣ˵˺ܺ˵ҲܳϿңⳡϱûʲôŵԿԣҪҪ⣬ҲֻԹۡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩȻָֻܿ΢΢һı黹ùɲ׽ˡ
ϰǼ¡
ɲͣһĶŹ۾ͺ˵ʵɣҲʲô¡


525 

Ѿ˼ƽϣһϰҵµϰ塣
̾ϢһЩȻȥǵĵϰˣ˵һҩˣչҩݣǮǵĺã˵Ǽ¡
΢΢üȴܿչüͷȻбǼǮõģҲ֮УҲˣ⣬һ£㲻ܷɣȥ˽һĵȥһô£ܾ²򵥣˵ˡ
Ͼ⸽˶֪ĵϸһ̲ҺĿŵ⣬ǣϰ˿ܿɿΪһǳŵˣ顣
һ뵽⣬ùȥЩãʶ˺ܶ࣬ȥ˵ݾߣȴһȻ֪֣ܶȴûмˣȥػúܶࡣ
뵽Ͻȥɣʶ̫ˣȥ㣬վͺһȥ
ϱȰɲҪȥģ߻˻ȥɳˣѾԶһ棬Щطˡ
˼עⰲȫĻ¡
ڶ죬컹ûùСһȥأ¾ͷ¶չҩݣʶ˺ܶ࣬ȥҲãСǲѡ
һ֮ǰ׶ɫȹϻ֧黨ϣ˵˶
֮ǰɹ˲٣һȥǵ٣֮ǰܶࡣ
ϰ˱ϰ廹дһҵǮûн㣬ϰôöûйʣȻһǲҪˣϰҲǺܸԣһҲСĿͻȻ˵ҪͲҪ˲ò˼
һֱ͵͵ڹ۲ɣʱüʱ̾Ϣʼ
Щ˵ǣС㲻õģϰ岻ˣҲ԰õģ֮ǰûϰʱⲻҲܺá
ɷ˱̧ͷƣЦЦ˵Ҳܴ⣬ر⣬վˣϰǱǱȥһƵġ
صʱѾʱ֣ȥһҾ¥˷ɾʹڽת
صسǲ٣ֵϵ˵Ǻܶ࣬ڽֱߺš
΢˽һչҩݵĵطֱȥ˸ڽֵ
ϰĵ̾ߣչҩݻҪ̵ģΪкܶ˶ǳŸϼʱҩݣûе̣β
վСУպܿϰĵ̣ȴſϰкС˰ҩϰᡣ
ڴʱһλҩݵĲҩ˴С·ɵסӡ
ӱű¨װŵĶһЩѰҩݣ΢΢һЦţֻǺ棬ҩҪȥô
֪ɵĿĺ󣬷һЦͷİ㿴бҩ̡
ɹ棺ҼҸҩҲ֪ܶ࣬ҩݵļǮΣ
֪ϰչҩݵļǮչļǮ٣ѯҲ˽⡣
ӿЦһΣǮûغأسǾϰչûƹҩݣȻǮǺܺãҲҩҪǶĻҽȥأֱȥҿɽĹǮúܶࡣ
˵óϿңȻɹ棺Ǯ͸٣ˣҼ˲ҩ󣬾ȥ
Ӻ̹Ȼ඼һǮһҪǶԸȥأһŻؼңȸˡ
ɱΪģϰ廹ǡ
̵ĵСô죿
ɿһæµϰһҿջʱס£ҽҲȥˣȥСĵĸϰϰҪȥʲôط
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ŹֿһᣬȵСڽֵڵźǲź̻ϣȥһҿջҪ䷿ס¡
һֱʱֹСŻֻǻĹСɫǺܺá
ɼˣùСϽݡ
УСˮһصҽռ˭ˣ
ҡҡͷЩ£˭ˣ
֪ΪΣֲõԤԽԽǿҡ
Сֵһˮȥ󣬵Ҷˡ
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ѵмʲôر飿Ͻ˵˵ô£
Сһ࣬Ҳ֪ЩˣҲ幫ӣ˵ӵĶιӡ


526 е

ȷǸϰģôԽԽˣûоһǿ϶ģƺͼҵ⣬Ҫǿ¥¥Ƕμҵģ¥ڱĵطҲ˺üңΪֻǾӪ¥Ȳóʲôⶼ㣬۵ĲƸҲûгҶ࣬ڰǶ塣
ֻΪκϰϵһˣ
֪أĿŹСС㿴ԭԭĸңҺú÷
Сİѷ鶼˵һ顣
һЩ𾪵Ҳ˵˾չҩݵˣҼǮǸһ㣬Ϊľǵ⣬ôʲôأ
̫˼ˡ
쵣ĵǸô죿ȥϰ𣿡
ɾã²ܴݾߡ
Ǿ뿪ֱȥǡ
Щһ㣬ҪŪҪŪʲôӣ͵ó룬ߣԽԽ
쵥ȥţ̺͹Сһȥ˰ǡ
ҹ̵ĸ·Ҳպˡ
ֱȥ˰ζ¥·ϵʱһֱмĹҪ˵йҲǾ¥Ĺϵһγһ䣬˵ǰζ¥ԽԽãҪ׷¥ˣͶƺ֮ʲôìܣһϵġ
ҵìһȴ벻
Զ֮й飬˵֮ͺʶȤûȥӴԶƽദҲܺðʵ벻ĿģѲΪ˸ƺͳ
ڲ磬ûԷĵ㣬ζ¥ûʲôˡ
һ¥̫үͿ˹ɣϽǰкôˣ
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үүƺǺڣȻ̫̫ˣ֮ǰЩ£ʼеĶӣǲˣҲ̹Ȼˡ
̫үҲɺʲôʵͦõģǰȷܲ𣬲ùɽүү
гмڰζ¥һжã㲻Ҳ˵Ҿˣ˶չңЩҪأǰ׼øҵģҴһأ㲻õңһж𣿡
˵ûء
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̫үǴ飺СʱҲƤأ£֪ɻˣʱȥ׽㣬׽סˡ
Щ¹Ҳǵһ˵Ц˵ЩԺԾȥģҪȥҵҲǿԵģùϺܺãֻûкʼź
˵Ǻ۵ģ͹˶ãûкҲˡ
̫үǰԹ飬ҪǲѹѴᷢô飬һҸʵ˼ˣӣңңҲкЩ¡
ԽԽܵĺܶ鶼ҪңҶԲͲʷԲ
ĸӣԲǰĺʧֻܰδֲЩ
̹ȻһЦ˵ʵҪ˵вԹǼٵģ˶Ҫǰ𣿶Ҳ̫ǰ黹ǲҪ˵ˣ˵ǲĵġ
Դ̫үǲܵģ̬ĸı˺ܶࡣ
̫үҲɣվʱæҲҪȥԺժˣܺã˵׼׵
̫үȥ˺Ժһ׼ʹˡ
ͻȻ׼ЩӦϾϴι˵ҪʱŹûأȻˣĪǳ£
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ֻǸ˰׼һ񣬰׼Ͻ¥˵
˶¥˷ɵǲ¥ܶ⣿
׼Щ£ϴβǸ㿴˱ζ¥۷ʱ׬Ǯ˳İٹƱûã˺ܶ⣬ںԺĴ¥ģģԸģֶģ˵¥ίˡ
΢΢üĵײ뵽ʲôƺͺûϵ˵Ǿ¥֮󣬶ƺûζ¥
׼ڰôòǰ״ģȻʶƺͣ䲻֪ʲôùɼææǣҲ֪ԵüΣƺͺһģ˵̬ȶǺܺá


527 

Ϊʶ̬Ȼã˺ײ˵תЩ⣬žǿͣԷ̬ȲãҲܽܣûзʲôìܡҲûϣĳ˴¡
ЩεЩҲΪˣζ¥̫ãˣҺһҩ˱ˣôߵҲйϵ߼˵ҩݣܵĻҵĻӰ⣬Ҳ֪ҼҪҩݣӰˡ
׼֪ԣüͷɵ˲ˮô˵²ܲܡ
ɺĵͷȻܲܣ鷢չȥһľͲǸص⣬Ǹ⣬ÿҩݶ߼չɺģҲĿǵġ
ԷӦûҩݣߵҩݶӦȥˣ·úúô
»ҪСһ㣬¿Ϊ¥㾭ӪʱСһ㣬رǺɲҪòɵ˻ȥˡ
ԷʹĿܾڳ涯ֽţҪһҾ¥ٵʧȥˣþ¥Ŀ˳£ȻﵽĿġ
ƺͺûֱӶ԰ζ¥֣ɴ˿ɼ˻ͳ˺ʱģ˭ֽ֪֮ᷢʲô
ţһãƱػﲻˣֻЩʲôطΪԶĹϵһֱĺұ־أû뵽
׼Ѿ֪ǰ֮һ£ǰûЩ£ƺͶԸ˵Ѿˡ
֮ǰˣԺ󲻻ģòɵ˽ȥԺÿҶϸ顣
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̫үЩµ¥ݣ·˺ܶ࣬Ϊʲôطòá
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Щ̫үǺܶģ֮ǰڴﲻҲĶǣϵ¸пᣬ˶Ծ¥֣̾;ˣ൱ڶң׼Ҳõúܣ˶û˵ģﱻƣһӦҲ׹ɰô齻жΡ
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С˸Ͻȥֵ¥
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һˣ˱ż棬ͻȻȻ飬Ͻѯʣ׼Ҳҵ̰֮ǰ̸˵һ顣
һº͵ĳɫԽԽ˵״̬ıòʵϣƺһɼʱ֪ʧȥˡ
ζ¥ſҵʱǺܺõģһֱζ¥ⲻҶûȥԹ¥ǰֹܰζ¥ðζ¥ʧȥ˺ܶ˿ͣЩҲûȥԹ޹˭ⳡϱûʲôֵԹģû뵽ζ¥Żůһ㣬ƺ;ͼǺˡ
ⳡϱֻҪǶ⾺˵˼ҵı£ñֶԸΪǲݵġ
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һƼɣ˫Ŀ֮飬վǰס˹ɵ֣ҵԭ򣬲ܵǣ


528 Բ

ûһԹ˼ϵףҶƺͺһҲԳң鲻̡
˵ЩĻ˭û뵽м䵷ˣԼһԷǵķӦһ𳤴ĺֵܣΪñ˴˹ϵˡҪأ⿪ǣûҪһʼֺ
׼֪ƵĵҲϽȰ˵ҿͰζ¥ɡ
ȴҡҡͷܾˣʱǲҪ⸽ҩҶʶȥѯѯʣƺƵҩ˭˵һ£ҺжƺѾܾûһȹˡ
ǰǵļӸ磬ǳİԺ֣Զˣӹ˳ҵ⣬˵ĹϵҲͽԶˡ
ɳ˼Ƭ̣֪鲻򵥣ʱǲҪݾߣúõһƺǵĿģȥѯһϰΪҪ
ڰζ¥˷һ˳ҡ
ؼɲ֪࿪ģһĲŹɡ
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֣һ
Ĺɵֱ˾Ͷסһʱ䣬Żȥˡ
ڹߵĳȴ͵ͱˣһ飬һҪ뿪
һźҪסյģҪߡ
ƲǲԸɽ㣬ҪȻһ뿪ɣڼʵ̫ˣǲֲ֪ҳˡ
˵ķǶȥ˰׼ôˡ
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ͷЦеҶҪ޸׼ģ˵ʲô˵ɣֲȥˡ
뵽һߣǼ׼ͱ˵лˣЩ˾Ǽá
ҲоسȥҰ׼̫ˣ˵Ͱ׼лԼ̫໹ǲ̫ãŮǻҪһźãа׼Ǳ鷱æȥ֮׼÷չⲻǸ׼ô
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μҡ
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йһ紵ݶľԱ
һ۶ƺͣĵô£֮ǰ˭˵ĸ󡣡
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ԳԹҲԽԽأζ¥ǳҵģʱ϶Ҫȥ޳ҡ
ȴ˿İڰ֣㰡ǵ̫Сζ¥ȻǳҵģɲһζûУҪǳǸɵӻƹ񣬰ζ¥Ͳв¥һжΪɶҲ޹İ׼̫ǿյ¥Ӱ죬ôһ룬㻹ù޹ģ
ĵײ̹ǵģǺ̹ܲ
еֵУֻһ޳ɣҲˣһŮӣҲô࣬ộ
оһֱڶ߶߶ܣȲԶ
ޣǰ竳ͻȻ˴Ҷ޵Ϊ
޹һŮӼҲô޹Ϊʲôûкһ
֮ܵһжΪߵˡ


529 Ŀ

ƺͲ֪ĿģֻǺֵܣڳ֮ѡͷΡ
˵ҲеĵЩûףҩҲǺ׬ǮʱͶȥҲ٣ϰ忴ҲɿӣһֱԳģҪҩݸǣǵҲˡ
ĵģΪŵ˺ܶôϰŴӦһҪǹ֪龭ˣ᲻ҲϰôʱͲðˡ
һƣѣ㵣Щʲôǻ֪ô˵ˣǹչҩݣǼǮһѣǮǺġ
ƺĵǲǳҾ³֪󲻻ưոݣֲǲ֪˶Թɵ̬ȣ֪ڱԸɣҲͷĿˡ
˺ֻܻ̣̿ɲһ֣˻Ǻޱģ˺ͳүرϲɣÿһξۻֻҪڣһ佱ɣһѹšҫһ
ҲУϾ˭֪бµģڳץǶʱ䣬һŮӼҰѳҵþ˶ѡ
¥ƹҲһ壬Թмӡ
ˣ֪Ϊζ¥⣬Ӷǣɣ϶ء
ƺ͵Сĵ˭ͬ˵ҪԸҵģıߵģӹҲͬģﵨˣⲻܸ֮ʣȻԿ㡣
ġȰ˵öƺ͵ļᶨ
μҵɺͳ֪ʵϾ֪Ҳ᲻м
ǵʵ̫֮࣬ǰѻ£ȥϰ嶼ûʱ䡣
մȥ
ϣеȥسôϰ˵ϰ岻˵ʵô죿֮кܶൣġ
һİοСģ˵ϰпأϰ岻ֹӲŵˡ
ҡҡͷЦԶҪסһ㣬ûѣֻԶ棬ϰ嵱ǹϵãΪͼҲûжԲȻһϣڲһƺ͸Ӷ࣬ϰ׬ǮȻƲԣ죬˲Ҫͷεĺãָ˼ʲôʱͰˡ
ϸһĥϰ嵱ǺûΪͼ㣬ҲǹӲŰɡ
Ҳ˵˼ϰʲôϾߴߣܲܵ˼ҵĲ·ԼҲ׷ʲôǶ׬һӵ⳥
ɵʱأһΪʵǰŲ߾ϰͻȻ֣˺Ҳ죬ϰ岻һĽͣôأҲԼˡ
ڱҪĲұ֤еģغܶ඼ԸҩݸȥչҩݣӦòд⡣
һ·϶ڸ·صسǣһûסջϢֱȥϰ档
ҩݵ˺ܶ࣬кܶӱĵطչҩϰ岢ûǰãСվ롣
ѷŵȫһһҩݣһǱҪģϰչҩݵǿ
ܿϰһܾģ
С㵽ʧԶӭ롣
ɵһЦϰǻ£һ㶼ţȻϺꡣ
ϰһ˺Ժһĸߡ
ȵ˺Ժºϰһźæһֱûʱ㣬һµĺˣЩصѹµһӾ⳥ˡ
ɺƽĿϰ壺⳥һӲɣҼǵԼ˵ˣ˲˭ΥԼ⳥ԷӣĿʱõģϰûɡ
϶׵ؾͷŹϰ壬ȻϰôֱԲ䣬еŵģôʲôǡ
ܹѾسջԼˡ
ϰɫ΢䣬ЩڣдӣҲļƽôɡ
Цһ˵òüƽأ㣬úõͻȻ©ʧĿɲ㣬ӵ⳥˵ˣϾô࣬ÿնҪǮϰĺôҲٰɡ
ʱϰҲƺͺͳĹϵе㲻ڣִ˼ҹӸ֮Сûϵ
С˵ģǶԷļǮôһѣ˼һջ
ջЦζԣϰû˼ˣûһʵͻţ˼ջһû˵ʵҲ赲ϰ㷢ƵģߴߣЩҶ⣬Ҫ⳥ģԼҲˣ⳥Ǿ͵Լ˺Ժأ⣬Ҳ棬֮ǰǵĺҲ죬ֵòɿ


530 Ŀ

ûõģʱ϶ܣҪʧͲġ
һжҪõ˵ڱĵȻ̸
ϰɫܲãΪǺ˵ģ֮ǰͶƺҲ˵ֻҪ͹ɺú˵׽ʧһӵ顣
ڣֱҪҪӵ⳥ӿɲٰǴĿҪ⳥ȥʱͶƺⶼûж׬ء
εС㣬ܲˣ㿴ҲС⡭
ҡͷ̬ȼᶨǹأϰ߽ôѵضֵ壿Ȼ˵˵⳥ûзڵĵϰҲӦףΨйزơ
ϰҲ㿴ɵ̬ˣӲִϲÿԼ
̾ϢһΣС㡭ʵԺкĿܡ
ҿɲҺϰˣκ͹ضûУΪûжԲ㡣
ϰεóӷ˹ǰùȥպã˳ŰԼҲ˳ȷú󣬰ϰһյˡ
õҲ̹ˣһڲϰأо仰˵ĺܶԣʲôĻԼһЩعصˣƺ͸ٺôҲ֪֪ϰڵġ
һȷϰƷˣǰ濴ˡ
Ӹˣ֮ǰŵôĺôɰҩûΪӶıԣһϰǱȲõġ
ϰЦĵȴ
С֪˭ں⣿
ɳһЦǰǵĶƺͺôˮϰܽȥģȻȥˣֻ˵һ䣬ϰร
˵վǾȸˣףϰ׬Ǯ
תϰ役ˣϽǰſڣס˹ɣһһţͰ͵С˵ʵʲô¡
ԤԽԽǿң˵ʵҩɣ֮ǰ߽׬ӶˣؼԺͼžۡ
ĵĿϰ㱻˺˻֪˼Ұ㵱ƣʱԶģϰ壬㣬ԲͿ
ϰ˶ǷˣС֮ǰҲԣܲܿǰķ˵װ
Ƴһϰ壺صҲǲȻϰ岻ҺˣôҩչҲԼˣ⣬ƺҪͳҶҲԼＸСˣΪжı£ҲƺʹʲôֻҶš
ճٶȣӦðѶƺ͵Ūˣûʲôɵˡ
ϰһŵģſģιڰǵǺܴģ֪˵Ķô
ֻϰڵģúܣ¹ôΪ˽μڰǴ˼ûʲôֻһҾ¥֧Űˣǲİζ¥¥⣬ĿŵĶԸֻܱԸңϰ˺ʱ򶼲ȥú˽һ龭ôǶƺҶԳ֣αô׬Ǯҩ⡣
ʵϲڳ֮䣬ȻȽϺһ㣬ƺ;۰Ͱ͵ĸˡ
ûмϰҩ̣뿪
ϰоһ㣬еһжƫ֮ǰԤ룬ΪƺǱȹɻĴǸǿиɵģ־ıǹҪչҩݡ
ҪչҩݵĻкܶ˶ԸҩɵģϾǸطļǮѹҲͣ˵Ĳˡ
УҶƺ£һϵƣԽԽϽдš
ɺܿص˴ӣ϶ܵģϾһǺü죬м仹ô಻£̻˵ϰ飬Ǿһֱǡ
صУɰѷ鶼˵һ飬˿ǣģһнͺãƺͺ⣬ȥʮŵùȥչҩݣصҩչ
϶ϰҲߣ¡ûûװϰѾչôõҩݣͻȻȥ⣬ô
Ҳͷǵǰȥô
ϾϰһֱھӪص⣬ǺߣôҲȲǰˣµʱͶˣʲô⡣


531 

Ϊ֮ǰСˣɶģοģʵϰչļǮǺ˵м׬˲ӣҩõӺ١
һͷǲҩ˵ĻǶˣǮǵչĵ̫࣬ʵϲҩ˸׬ʲôǮҲ˵ǻǿġ
廰غܶ˶ҩݸأֻ֮ǰûչչҩݣܶ˶Ըǵģһ˺үġ
Ϻ͹ĵܹ黹ǲɼᶨ󣬺־ûʲôֵûɵģȻɶ˵˲õģǾͲõİɣܽǡ
ЩҲǺܶȻ˵û£ǾͰ˵еҩģֻҪͻؼģҺﶼƳȫŮٶҩأæùģҪĳҲȥĵطˣҴ˺ˣЩ˾ȥˣҲҪһ㣬Щ㽻Ұͺá
֪ղĵ࣬Ҳİʲô¶Ӹȥ
ͷ˵ǣ齻ͺãͲõˣؾڼúõĿ
ůůģγѹҪ
ص⣬ԱߵļҲҪҪֲҪҲֻҪҩݣƷʺûǶչǱȫ
û뵽ҩô󣬳ֻΪԵȥһ⣬ȴ룬չ˺á
ѹɵĻУصҩֻһ㡣
ϾͿ춬ˣҩչҲֹȥչҩݣܾʱ⡣
ɰοú룬ˣҾ׼ˣʱչҲ˳һЩҲΪ̵棬¾ͽ;˾˸СֵҲԺúͦģֻҪûл۵ĶǼ롣
Ҫˣˮ˻εģⲻ֮ǰ˵лļңҲˡ
ֻҪ׬ӣĸԸµġ
鶼УĪľѹˡ
ͣһ½ŵȥ׬˲ӣϽǼҲˣ԰ǱߵķҲƻˣȵʱ򣬿ñס棬ԺҲԹȥסҲۣܹðһЩҵģϵĵ̣֮ǰ˵ģҿҲˡ
ҪѣʵֵˣɶܻΪû׬ǮԼ
ڼĹ⾰ѾҪرԼˡ
˼ĴֵҺ˼ǵլԺӦҲҪύѲǣҪ̫ˣҲƲģǵ̵⣬ҺϵĿԲ򣬵ؿԶһЩʮĶʮĶû⡣
ʼׯ˼ңеزž̤ʵ
Ҳ˼ҲЩҪڸ
һӰģǾͲ÷˼ˣֻҪ鴦þͳɣҩݵҪģһҪģҩƲһôһкලоĸţһ㡣
ͷ֤㰲ģһġ
ֿ˹ЦЦһЩͽˣ˾˺ͱһֱڰæȫģ˵һʱûиҽ㹤Ǯҩݵˣ⼸ҪĿһ¡
һһֱû˵İ״ϣ˿ɵԽº͡
ȵ˵꣬״ŵҺվҪذˣߵ鶼ź˵Ҳģȥ˰ǲõģǻչ˵ġ
имɵ͸Ƕǵİ̫ˣмĻҾͲ˵ˣɵڴͰҶָһ´ôҩݣҩݵҲˣмʵҾøɵæˣʲôҲġ
˵ЦеĿŰ״ȫڴ
а״æȻõģҩҪܶ๤ûרŵ˶ţĲġ
ĥһ£Ҳͦã˵׼Ҳ׬ǮˣҲûǮ լԺһӵĻҲĻӰȥҲֻܺͳү壬Ҳֻ廨䣬ûд̹ء
ֻôһֱǰ״ûж졣
״Ĭһ£ջǾµҪûңҲˣؾͻذ꣬Ȼ㿪˿ڣҲóһһҶʮӾͺãҩһͲòˡ


532 

һʮӶ𣿶ǰİ״˵һ׬ʮͦõģ֪״Ը£ʮûҪ߼ۡ
˰״ڣҲļ
мĶŰ״ǸжЦȻ˸ɵ㰡ллɵԸæ
Щû˵Ҷ״ԸæȫǳڶԹɵչˡ
Ҳһϲа״Ǿͷˡ
ҲûöʮӶ࣬ʵϣʮӲ࣬״ڣҩݵƷܱ֤Խ̵ҩݣǺܺõ顣
Ǹмϴھٺòˣɳ޺Ҳᾭ鷳ˡ
Ҳɳ޺󣬻չ˳ҵ⣬ʱҲ᲻ùôۣа״ڣһжðˡ
״һЦǶôҶ˼ˣοҪӵİһʮҲˣǰ׬Ķࡣ
е˶״ĻЦˣرǹ֪˵ʲôˡ
а״ڿԽܶ⣬ⲻǶʮӵ¡
״үдһ˵Ҳûˣܻȥųүˡ
ȻҲǰֻһһѾڣҪ˵Ҳ˵һɽ˶ܺã飬һ˵ЦȻġ
״ȻҲͿԺʹҺúദⲻǺܺõô
ɼѾȷҲͰĵĿʼĿ
ѾкܾûĿˣ˶֪ɲˣҲûдߴٹ
չĵİĿãҰӶַȥæòɿ
ܿյ˳ţҪȥһ˰ǡ
ź󣬹ɾʰһ£ùСȥǣߣҪذǴҲһ뿪
հ󣬵˰ǣһ·ϵŪû¶̹
˰ǣĵ궯ĸоҲûˣõɡ
ڳſھֱȥ˳ңӦڼţ˺ͳү밲֮󣬾ȥ˳Ժӡ
ڿĿС˵ˣϽӭӣ˼ٲٯٯһ
ܿ£ȲĿʼѯֻǼ򵥵˵˼䣬˽⣬ó׿˵С
ù֮Ѿ˲ˮͱǲ˳ȥ
Źϣ鷿ֻˡ
һ֪еأ΢΢üǲǽ˵Ҫ
صĵͷࣺЩ鲻ֽ˵ŵ͵ǵƺ͵飬û뵽ҵ鴦һ¡
ֲõԤУô࣬һ඼Ϊ˴¡
ôˣúͬ˵
ֲõԤԽԽǿң˵
̾Ϣһѹ֪
ֺֻϤһʱ֮Ҳ벻˭ҡͷϤ˭
Щ֪ôڣ벻Ż˵ԶӣҲСˣ򵥣ԶȢ󲽲ԶèģҪӴ㣬֪ҲûôӣҾ͸ˣ˹磬ܰհӴʲôطģ
ѹ˵ˣúõ˵ƺ͵飬ôͳԶˡ
һµͻȻʲô
ࣺĵӦýةˡ
⻰ùɸǲˣ˶ŪͿˣǰ㲻Ҫ˵ƺ͵飬ôͳһˣͶƺ͵ûϵɡ
ܾеϳ˵Ľడ˵˵žͳϡ
֪һʱùⲻˣһ˵ЩĿĵģұ˿ܰܣ̫ɺˡ
ɶʱˣŵ˲Ҳ
ͻȻ˿ܣѲ֮仹йϵôԶмʲôɫ
ԽԽĺԽԽľԤôһ̫ˡ
΢΢ͷйϵֻǵƺ͵飬û뵽˿ܵ£˵򵥣Щ̽Ϣ֮󡭡Ҳ֪˿ܰҵ£˵һӵجΣȻưոݣѵҶҲΪٴԾȥ
±лҪأΪ֪أԽԽ
Ҳ͸˹һˣﶼ֪
üͷûչһֱڷµĹ
ܿ˼·Ҷ˼ˣѲ˹͸¶٣Ȼ󹴽˿ܰ㡣


533 

ĵͷǵģ˺пܾҲ֪Զ֪֪֪߲֪ǳ˵һܺõźţҪ֪Щ˿ܿҪǼʮ˭Ҳ֪һλ᲻Щ˿ܣģǳҲһˣʲôֶΣΨһµľʹıƣͲðˡ
ԽԽľԽԽ¡
ºԶйϵôץҲǱ˰ˣ˻ߵĺֵܡ
Զ֪ΪҪ
ʵ벻ͨԶôĵ
Цһǲ֪͢ԶǴӾƷĹְְھ˵ֱ֥С٣һ׵ģҪôףӾͲһˣҪɺ̶̵֪ܶ࣬ܲһʱ䣬ԶӴӾƷѾƷ
ȻǺܶٳϵ飬ٶŹˡ
ɾĿųȫһжġ
ĵ׺ܣ֪ϢڶûϢùĵܵĸоȫҲݡ
Զ˵һ𳤴ֵܣҲǣƺͻҲˣԶҲ̫Ȥˡ
ɲıЩԾοԶ֪أһжҲпܰʵڲ뿴ġ
վ˿ܵҲ֤ˣȺ˾ƾʧˣ˺ܶǮׯЩӵ·Ҳ˵Һ˵ЩһЩǴ̽ϢһЩҵĲ롣
˶ĬȥôãҪҲףҪ֤ݣҲ׾õġ
Ҳվߵߣס˳֣ʲôıƣҶһֱߣ㻼빲
𴽽ǣᡣ
Ҿе㺦£ºԶйϵô죬򵥣֪Զ֮ǰϲ㣬жʺޣֹһѾǰѯʹ㣬ɥĲ񡣡֪ɺԶûʲôӦúƫִ
֮ڳة࣬˵ĺܣӱЩŰ裬ָʲôȡֵ
ҧˣҪĻǺúõ׬Ǯҵļҵ̫Сһ㣬ҲøԼ·ˡ
һжҪδȻ
Źµ˵Ǹô
ԺҪߵ·ȣҪһܺõòģƶǱزٵģ·ҲǱزٵģҪǮ
е뷨˵˳·츣ҵ±ҪǾǮҪǮǸҪƾǮ߹زսôΪžӣҪ֮ǰ󣬱˿Ҫʮ˵һҪ˵ǳҴҵ˴ļҵ
ةڹְ󣬲жʹʼգȨǸˣһǵģ߾û֪ˣΪΪˡ
δЩ˵˶𾪵ġ
ȫû뵽ϸһĥⲼʵЩˣĵ׵ľ֮ⲻԱɣԴװĶʲôõİ취뵽
ɱ̵ģЦҲңûҲ뵽ģֻʱ⣬һҽӹһֱĥ£ʱҲûţʱ룬¸ѣʲôʱ򶼲ܴĴ⣬ôĻҪʣµһ·õġ
һӣֻҪⲻԴԴϵӻš
ࣺӹģóôǳҽôأ
ˣðһЩ氡ЩԶǵģֲȻЩֻöȥҪĻǾǮ⣬Ҫ˶֪Ǵˣʲô⣬Ҳһ¡
ڷ˺ܾãȵ֮
ǲ߳үĳүڼ꣬ÿöĵģ鷳»ǲҪ˼ˡ
һϣ˵رͳһװʲô鶼ûз
ƹܳе⣬ܶõӿɲ٣ó⡣
˶ʵɣ뵽ʲôͻȥʲôԲˮ
ɴӳķг˶ڸﻹˣ˵ôõĻҲ۲ǡ


534 ƺ

Աƺ͵ȫͲ¡
ҲˣƺڿչϰҩݣҩݳչƺҩݵˣȻתҩ˳ңⲻǴˮô
ûжԶƺ֣ɵ
úȥ˭ҪǣҲûʲôúµģߺϰҲ˺ƺͺһõôѲҪҲա
̹ȻǾͰ°̨˵¡
Ϊƺжı£ű⣬ıµҲ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ͬ˹ɵĻСȥͶƺ¥ɡ
Ҳȥԡ£΢һ
ڴǲޱ߷ģƽѡʲô·ʹʲô·ױҲǰ򵥵
ǰǣǳҵ棬ȻôˣôҲΪҿǲǣȻҪõ塣
֮ڳԺתƣ̸֪飬Ҳҽȥױ磬ȻҪˡ
ѡ˹ᷢ٣ѡʵΡ
ѡ˴ѵĺɫӺӡ
ϸһ飬͵ɽһ׵Ĵ˰
ɱؿ佱ò˼ˣһ۳صˣÿһζŷӵĿ佱ҡ
Ůﶼǰģõ˵Ŀ佱һҲ⡣
ЦŹɵֱۣһ˵ĶʵɽҪͬһȥԷҪ£ҲֻܴҳˣȻﲻ˰Ҷڼþúþˣʹҳȥò
ɵĸ첲رڻУҡԴΡ
Ҳ۳أĸоȫ⣬һ۳صͲԺĸҵӶˣʱô죬ҴȥҲǲУǵԼ£ȥ֮Ҫҵġ
ؼԸȥϲѣͷֻҪҳȥһԹһ
ɱģЦˣһΣ㰡ǿҪ˵ˣûΣҪǶƺͻ̸£Ⱥ˵һ㣬ǺͶƺͻĹϵɲǰôˣռܻὣţһԿžͺãĪҪ˵һ仰ɶ
ͺ³صĵıƢͶƺǷìܺ󣬿ƲסƢ
ظϽӦұ֤Բ˵һ仰Ҳǵ飬ƺͺʲô飬ú˵˵
Ҳûµʱ򣬺š壬ǰԭԭ˵һ顣
ԽԽߣŭôҲ̫ˣζ¥ǰ⣬ҲûԹһ䰡¥ⲻˣͿʼֵͷˣôɵֶΣûƺСӻĻ
ͶƺҲһ𳤴ģ֮ǰʵʵһСӣȻսթˡ
ôͱɽˣͶƺСǱΪ飬ʵ̫ˣߺһֻҪǲ֣ҾͲ˵㲻˵Щ£ʲô֪أ쵰Сӡ
˶΢ʰһ£ԼʱҲൽˣһȥ¥
һ¥Ĵţ͸ܵ¥Ĳһ֮ǰ¥ܺãһݣѾ˷㣬ȴȼˡ
ǰγǿҵĶԱȣеӡ
Сʶģųֱ˶¥ĩβһż䣬˽ȥ
УͶƺѾˣ˵ɫ
ҲΪάϵģɺͳһƽóĬɵúܡ
С˰ǰĹϲ˺˶档
þպܿ쿪ʼѹ֣زʱ͵͵ˣȴûп˵
ջ˳ĬһЦôˣһ˵ˣرأǰɲġ
ƲƲû˵ԶƺͻЩ鹢ڻ
ûõصĻػɫΡ
̾ϢһǴСһ𳤴ģֵ֮Ͳ˵ˡ
ͶƺавãѾµǱ飬֪ˡ
ƺر𲻰ֵ̿Ŀһͷȴ˵
ɵĳЦЦ˵ǺֵܣЩ鲻÷Ȼˣǰе˵ףͽ⿪Ҳ˵
֮ǰͺͳˣЩ˵ȽϺãȻôԲԾ


535 ǳ

ԹɵƫӦǴһιɼ˷֮󣬾һֱôϲɡ
±ģɰһ˵һӹҲסˣʲô˼ֵܵĸҪ˵
˿Һ˵Ȼ飬ǺãҾͳ˻˵ζ¥֮ǰⲻãǿ¥ζ¥ⲻãǺȾƶ¥֧⣬һɣΪǱЩҲ֪棬ҪҲ޻˵
ܵĸ˵Ǻģ˺ܶ꣬¥Ĵ뿪¥ȥ˰ζ¥֪ģѯ˾¥Ҳ˵뿪ԭΪǮһֱ˰ζ¥˵ƺ֪ġ
Ǯ¶ƺĵˣҵ˾ţ˺üĴǹǮҲ£֪˼ֱȥ˰ζ¥
ƺû˵ҪǹҰζ¥¥⣬ʲôֱӳͺãû뵽ȴɼ֣ôúܿģⱾҲܻϲ
Խվŭʲô˼
˿վĿʲô˼ҪˣĻֱӳǳ޹֡
ɾóرˣڵӺ˧
ڲǿСʱ򣬼ȻѾѻ˵ˣҲ⣬վЦЦʵֻǣϰЩûǰɣڼص֮ҲΪʱæչسǲǵ̤ʵøˣҲ˵Ҫ˵⣬һûмùңҵС㣬ΪһЩҾȻѶƺǣһ㵹õøأо仰ô˵ţһɽһɽߣ
ĵĿ֮䱾ûʲô޵ģŪ˵Ҳһꡣ
һŭһҰѾͷʲôʸ˵
ģһѾͷͷ¶󣬳Ҳˣôļҵ̳УͻȻôбҲˡ
ɹأƾʲô߶˵һŮӶʱֳ޵ĸоԽ
ɲҡͷһǾͦģҼĵλǲǣȲԶûǸͷԣѵĵײ̹ɣʲôϵأҲΣҪı˰ˣһֱҲûԲ飬Ǽ˵䲻ԶðԶԶԶģҲûм棬Һͽһȴ˳ˣҸгôʵ˵ЩûãҲĥȥ˵һ£ʲôֶֻܶãҺͳһУ˭˭ˡ
ҲƢģƺͻƣмʲôԣȥ˽⣬ָᷢʲô¡
ƺͺԶȻ˺Ƥˣûʲô˼ˡ
ֱҧƺʹ˿Ҳ˿ڣҶμҾͿ¥άƣͻȻܵӰȻȲסǱȲǳҼҴҵ¥֮ǰǶۣڵʱ򶼺úõģΪʲôҪϰ׼Ϊʲô֮ϡ
ɺͳһۣ֪ʲôطˣΪѳֻ˰׼ǵĻˡ
һûȵı鿴Ŷƺͣⳡһ㶼װеɱˡ
еζһ̾ϢѵĲףⳡ˾ˣ¥㼱ˣҰζ¥Ұζ¥ʱֹǣǶǴԼԭΪֲúù¥м̰ǮǻѵӦûôǶμҲ˰ɡ
ƺû˵Ĭˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôϾ˵Ķԡ
ƽ͵µһ˵ֵܵ꣬ǲ굽ζ¥ⲻÿñķʽо²ʽ߸ı̬ȻиأٻߣȱˣҰܰæ϶æǱЩĺˡ
Ҳ˵ıǳء
һƽǰһҲŪˣΪɻ˰׼ӹܰζ¥⣬ðζ¥øãܵ˶ƺ͵ԹޣҲ̫˰ɡ
ԽȥԽѹסŭ
ڡһ£ֱվָŶƺ;ƺҲ̫˰ɣҼҰ׼ҼҰ׼ʲôԲˡ


536 

ؾøίǲУҾֻܼһǴҷϰ׼Ϊ˾Ӫ¥⣬֪˶ôæҹʱҶؾסھ¥棬а֮ǰԾ¥һϲͨʲôͷѧ𣬱ƣЦԣѰζ¥⾭Ӫдô¥ʳΪʲôˣѵвôƷһֱճζҲԽԽǰʱԹһΣ治ǰˣʳֲɵӣζóѵҪɵչ⣿
⻰˶ƺ͵ģķ˲óһΪˡ
ʳҲӳ£˵˲óԣʳ˵ȷǾ¥ԭ
ƺ̾ϢһЩˣԹɵļƻܿЦ
¥ⲻãӦôԼԭ򣬶ôȥ
ؼȻ⣬Ҳһ㣬ⲻҪԼԭ򣬶һζԹˣеιﵽϣⳡÿ˴ڣܲʧܣôܹɳ
صĻöƺˡ
һҲͷ˵еھҲԱ
ڴ˿̣Сˣ֮ϽȥѹֵҲܲˡ
ȵС뿪кҳԷɣǰ¾ͲҪˣҪԻǹ
⻰˵úͶƺͶ֪ҲǺǵġ
նƺһ̧ͷǰˣҩǾʹ˷鷳ġ
ĵҲΣҲûʲôԲ£Ҫ˵ԲȻɶ׷ˣôҲûʲô˵ˡ
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ѵĻֻܵ御ˡ
ɺͳһۣ˵Ļʲô˼鲻١
һٷ£ȳ˺Ͷƺֱ뿪ˣ˶ûʲô£Ҳ¼̸֮ǰ¡
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ƺͺͬʱ̾Ϣһƺ鲻ôõǲٶҲ̫ˣǲչҩݶʱ䣿һ°ɣҩǲˣյľõ֤ȥԿ
ͬһɵĳɳĿ죬㻹ǵǵһμɲʱĹʲôᣬӻСѾŮˣ֮ǲҪˣСһ㣬Ҳĥһʲô⣬˵ǱصûҪֲҶҵǾòҶ
뷨ǣ׬ǮҲȥأһĻɲС
ƺֱҡͷܾˣǾֲ˭˰ɣų׬ǮǾ͸ȥ˼ҼҴҵ󣬾ǿҲ㿴ǣչһʱҩݣʮӣҾеܲˣ˰ˣԺ󲻺ͳˣûȤûʲô˼֮ҹһʱ䲻ܳȾˣҪúĥĥ¥飬˵ˣԺ¥ҲҵģμջǻύҵϣҲѧһѧˡ
ЩҲûʲô˵ˣ˼ҪϽܲŲ˼Ͻǡ
ߣƺʱͦõġ
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͹ɻص˳ҡ
鲻Ǻܺã˵һͻԼԺˡ
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̾Ϣһвڣһأƺͺ˿ܰˣĥţζ¥ڱĵطҷֵꡣ
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һжҪʱģĥһ°οʱһ԰ɣǵȹʱͰ׼֮پҲûʱȥ£޹ڼƻ¥Ҳ٣ʱǿԵһȦѡʵĵطɽǱ߳һ£Ҵվ͸һȥһˡ
˿ʼ߽Ժӡ


537 

һҹ޻
ڶ컹δɾ˴ʰҪ뿪ˣһһæˣҲǺϢ
Сڳܵдܺãһ㲻һĸо
ǹˣԾͿ˵ĲԾڿСʱɬˡ
һҪ컹˵һˣ˶û˵ף˵ҲǺܺãΪҲûԸţ˸ߵѾߣҲҪ뿪ңԸĻСǲѡйСĶСҲ
黹Ҫʵ˵ϲСǣҲǲԡ
Ϊʱ䣬ɽʱûڡ
·ϹҲ֪ʲô£ɽ˺ܶ࣬һЩ˵ĲϾе˼ˣе˼ңΪûּȴֻһ׳һ;óԿ
һȥìҲͳˣ˵Ϊ˴һܡ
ɲʲôϢɺͳ˼һһҪ취ӱܡ
͹һȥȽԱС
ȽԱ˺飬ȽֺӺվһԡ
ѯһ¾ЩõҪ˼Һ⣬˵˽̾Ͳˡ
ɽͶӺܶ࣬ÿ춼һٶǮСĿ˵ˣϲֲʱô죿ʧͲǼܽġ
½ȽԱڸȽԱҲΣϾûѳã֮жھΣҵĴûа鴦ãҲû뵽Щ˻ΪһСƽϣҾĥŰջͷЩûּңЩ˷ּˣһȥҲͲƽˡ
ΪҲΪǳˣص²òгĽ֡
ɵҲЩֵˣºһЦοȽԱȽԱҲһƬģҲҪˣΪ˲԰㸶ѪǶ½Һͽͺá
Ҫô飬˵ôһ䣬һϲ뵽취ˣ
΢΢ͷʵܺýģҪˣЩԸ˵Ǻ£Ȼ˴ȥûּҵҲûϵֵ㣬һֵܣּܷûּҶˡ
ȽԱʱҲһ棬ʵﻹǲˡ
ȴĻ̫࣬͵ˣļ
ǵ˵Ļǲ˻ࣿ
ȴЦЦͣģ룬ûּҵıϾСĿȽԱ⣬ֻҪЩûּҵˣˡ
һԵȽԱԹǹĿ࿴ˣǹ˵㡣
͵С˵ĶԣûּҵǷּ˵ģһγֵ˴󲿷ֶûּҵģжʮˣʵҲǶʮң̫˵ġ
Բ԰»˽⣬ʮĸҲʲôȻǾͿԴȥЩûּҵ£ɣȻһûİ취
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ȽԱһ½ҾͰˣʲô黹Ƕλ
ȽֺЦеվһͷȻҲͬȽԱĻ
Ҳ֪࣬ô׽ͿԳһʱúˣʱ䶼˷·ˡ
ְȽԱ˵һЩ˵һ飬ȽԱ⳹׵ķˡ
λҲûԷһҪڸгԷٻȥ
һҲûкúˣһ֪Ҫ׼˷ˡ
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ʵҶǿԼ磬һѵʱ̫࣬ӵҪϣ𲻰·ϣҪֲˣʱĪҪŪûŵġ¾㱸ֻǷ磬Ӳؼġ
ѾϵʿɿĲ԰ˣ⵹Ҳ⣬οһ㰲ģһǮڱĵطһҲĲ԰ľȥģӺõúܣڱĵطȥչһЩҲֹһֲҶë֮Ķϣһ˵ϲȺ裬Ҳϡ
ɲһ䣬ͼˣĵůůĺ
ʱһͼˣ䵹Ǻܺ
ɴȤһ䣬ᣬˮ˺Ķһۡ
棺˵ÿ仰ҶǵãϲʲôϲʲôʲôҪʲôЩҶǵãҺ޸ңǾͿԳϦദԶһˡ


538 

ϲϹɵһζ£͹ɶһӡ
Ҳͳһ𣬲׵黹кü£Ȳ˵Щˣֲ˼ģһҪϻȥڼصҪԼϰǱߣҲĴ
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һ˵ò࣬ϵ鵹˵ò٣˶ϰʽ
رǹɣϲͳϵ顣
ܶ࣬ΪѣѾǮǰ·Ҳܵ飬һҪóиС
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졣𴲴վкһſ˵
һ䣬žͱƿˣЦе߽УЦС˯ˡ
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Ҫȥ֮ǰ˵
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ﵹ̹˲٣Ҳǹܿ캰СĳƺСʲôʱôˣСأ
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ʱһֱźҲľģ˵Ļ¾׶߶öΡ
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ڴʱҲǰ״ģ˽СļͥСңǼôȲϵġ
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ϸĥһ£ջǵͷ
Ҫиͷ˭ȥ˵ܵ˵һ˵Ŷԡ
˵ͶСˣرǹСӣҲ쵽ʮˣӵŮɶüˣСӺ͹С»û䣬ȥʱ˵ţ˶ˣΨֵûѡʵģҲֵܣʵЩòʣֵܶûףԹ˵ѹҲ
ЩҪԵֵģС͹СӵԵֲˡ
имлСˡ
Ц̶ֱҴһ꣬ҵúһ㣬ǵҶˣһ׵ġ
ʱҲˣ˷һ㶫뿪ȽԱҲ˵˲ҩ飬ҵĵض˳ŵҲͶˣɽϲҩҲͦģȽԱȥ˵һԸҩĶԲҩԺÿһչ
ÿ춼ҪҩȥǣʱͿ԰˳·ĳҩݶջ
æ˺ܶ࣬ȻҪܶҲܶ׬һЩǮ


539 

һ·صӵʱѾǵڶˣѰǵͼ˽һ
ŵصҩչ˳ҶԸҩǣȥչʱҶ࿪ģҲϰˣԷչҩݲδ˵ʲô֮ǰ˵ЩЧˣϰҲˡ
֪ϰŲˣƺͲչҩݣϰչҩ˭չҩݵֻôࡣ
˾ˣԺҩǲգƺѾҩˣҲ˵ϰչҩûط
뵽ϰĴʲôϵǲܺˣһξ͹ˡ
ЩĵҪǸô죿ҩݻǲգ
϶ϰͻȻҲһʲôհȻǲˡ
ҲһԺ϶հúúõģûжԲͻȻͲҩˣֻ˴˵ҩݸˣҩţŶûС
ԼչҩأѹͲҪϰġ
˫Щ϶ҩݣˣԺô죬˵ЩҩũļǮ̫ˣ׬ӣҩũ׬һ㡣
ѵõģϴ˿Ҳ˿ڣ˫˵Ķԣ׬Ǯҩũһ㣬չҪҩũҩݵģά˺ҩũĹϵҲܳþá
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Ҳ˼һһõģһڼҲܳһʱˣ϶µ
ϽȰ˵֮ǰһֱ˵£õѼһţһð
΢΢ͷҺѾ˵ˣķҲסһӣҴһжù͹ģԺһҶһ𡣡
ǰ׬Ǯûʲô˵ģ׬ǮˣҲҪˣһһġ
飬Ҳİˡ
ֻû뵽ǣŻؼҵڶϰˣû뵽¡
ϰһǷϣʱûͷ·˺üꡣ
ҲǣӪõͻȻ⣬˭Ҳܲסִ
ЩҪĵġ
ϰĶ棬Ŀϰϰôˣ
ֻϰ̺ſڡ
ϰϵĲ豭Щû뵽֮ǰѶ棬ƺ͹һʱ߿ˣҩҲչˣ浽ڻʣǧҩݣҲû͵
պƤʵǲ֪ôˣҲҪ͵˼ϣܹչҩݡ
ΪֻܼȥҲڿ
εĿŹɣһС֪ˣ֮ǰҵĲԡ
õĻǰӲıˣǸŹɺú⣬Ҳڱɽ
ƺ˵չҩݾͲչҩݣڵĻ˵ŪѲ˵˺·ıƺͺˡ
ЦЦϰѵˣ֮ǰѾˣҲ⳥ԲڶԲĻ˵ϰ廹˵˵Ŀİɣе࣬һȥ
Ϳ͵˼ϰҲĵһɬǰɶصģ񡭡
Щ˵鲻Ҳգܵúܣ֪ΪҪͶƺͺ
˰ǲܼǮۿʧȥ˱ģǰ֮
иֱߺڣж룬Ӧƺ͵ĺǮۿͲнЩ顣
ϰпɬǵ֮ǰҶԲС㣬ǳǸģСԭңιѾҩˣҵлкܶҩݣҡʵûڣڼжѻҩҲûˣСССкã˲С˹ҪһʶòãҼЩҩݶˡ
ʵû취ˣ֪ùҲΪѣ
ɾĿϰ壬һʱҲ֪ô˵ˣ˵ƺ˵ˣϰһֱںУŪҲü׷
չļǮҩҪѡƺ͹Ѿûҩ˰ɣЩҩݶѻһҲ֪ûлҲ⣬һģҩһ㶼գϿҵǸҩݿչðҵҪ


540 

ϰдϲֻҪչҩʲô˵
һϲмллС˲С˹ллС㣬ұ֤ҩһõģСĴˣܲԭңǼ
⻰˵޳ܣϾԼѰôЩҪ
ɶ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦˣҡͷϰ㻹Ƕõô߰еҩȫǿ˵ϣһЩҪ㲻úЦôҩݵչҶԼˣǰƭ˵ҩݼǮչ󣬵ҩũļǮĺôһҸ׬Щӣһ㣬ҩũ棬ʵôЧҲˣصø㣬ôһҩô
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ڵϰ塭һûȥˣҪҲϰҾϰҲûʲôɵĺµġ
ϰźͺ뿪ߵʱǲã֪ǵͷˡ
һֱ⵽ϵģһҲźù벻һͻҪҲԼ̰ġ
һкڶǶģֻͿͣصԼ䡣
Ĺ˶ˣҪúù滮һ£мЩˮҪá
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һЩҪҶҩݣȸͻͻòˡ
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ʺҩݵ˴Ŷʲôͣ
úú˼⣬Ȼİ취
״˽⣬Ŷʮ£ʵԽСԽ棬ǼѧϰƵĶ꾭ŮǶϧһλᣬһЩͱȽϴĸ˶ѧҲûǣֻ¡
ʵе˶ܺúҩݵģͲ֡
еˣһģɵҲ̫ˣһأ㲻ôĵġ
״̹ȻһЦҲ֪ǸвסģӲ£ôģȻҪ㽻鶼ˣ̫ˣһ鶼ãֻҪˡ
ҲѰҺʵѡ¹ɶ룬Ҳѡ˲У˵ìԻǹԼѡȽϺá
ͻȻоöడһһҪӹࡣ
˵ͽˣ˭ҵṲ̊ʵܸɣһģϾ֮ǰֲҩݵ¾ǽȥģúܺá
״ߺ󣬹ɾҲվ׼ȥߣƽﶼڼתƣӺþöûȥ߹ˣ治ǸˣҩЩģƽʱֻڴͷߣ涼ȥ.
ŽջȥһȦ˳һҹ
ϼɳҲϲ¹ڼС
һԺӾȥı仯ܴ󣬺ܶ˼ҶƵ˾ɷӣ·ӣԺһһÿǰ


541 

˿̵Сϣ·ԴĶҩӣܶڰŷҩܣҩݡ
ֱߵ˹У°һӣյĺŲ衣
ɼˣ̲סЦӹң
û뵽ɻֺǻϲɸϽ
ɶܹɵĴаӣк¡
£ɺŹɶݵĲ裬Цæġ
ǰѰ״Ҫʲôӵ˶˵һ飬õ˶ˣֲֻȥˣϤһЩ¾ͽæˡ
һڲ裬ص㰲ģҵһãĴӻвٵĺСӣ˵ֻҪǳԿ͵ҶҳȥչҩݣҪһܶ࣬ԽԽҲġ
Źһһߵģĺοôı仯
ǰǸʲôСѾͷԶŮˣҲմ⣬ǰζҪôıӣôӸԣɸ㶨ˡ
޳ܶ£Ĳ
ɹ𴽽ǣ鼫ã½Ҳģ׼Ͳҩȫ˻ˣֻ˻һ֡
룬ÿÿӸطҩݻȷ鷳Ҳ࣬ڸطһҩݵĵطһСԺӻһӡ
͹˵е뷨󣬹뷨ǲģʱŵù˰һȥæͿˣÿػصǺ鷳
͹һ±飬ȥû£ͱˡ
ҡҡλεϣһԡ
Ҳܺ˵ùҪ㲻ǲ֪ǻ˼ҺףﶼȥˣүүҲӣ˼Ψһǣùðùþ͵ȥæһȥеס
֪һֱҪӣӵ뷨һֱУֻûʵģǷģ᲻ȥɢ˭һֱɫʵġ
û˵Ҳ֪ô˵
ϣѾˡ
ĻϲŹɽǻ˼еԶƫԶĴھ͸Źȥ׼һЩƷ㿴ʲʡ
УͿϰڵȵЩ׼͹ȥģ
ʹͷһǰǰЩ׼͹ȥģǻ˼ãʲôȱҺø׼ЩǸСأ˵۾ĺܿɰ
ҲΪģʲô¶ȥ˲УǰѶ͹øúʰһȥ˵Ҳ˼Ҿõȡ
һʰɺ͹һݳĳ
һֱ߶߶ģ˵Щûӵ£źܱһӣôܲģԺҲǵˡ
ɼˣ̲סȤԺҲǵˣҪһ㡣
ȤĻһ۹ɣһİ˺ҲͲˣЩøѹҲҪӣǵҲ֪ûкӣһҺøϣɣϣһж˳
һ˳ġɰο
ɽ·᫣ƿ⿴һۣȷѾ߽ɽУҸҲرõӡ
˵׬ǮĻǴ˺͸ӵˣҸŲҩ磬Ҳֲҩ磬΢ƫԶһˣǺһ߼˶һģЩԲ
ˣܲζϾԹˣ֪ӹжܡ
ɳĬˣҲųĬˣһʱһСӵĴͣ£Ѿȥˡ
ڴβ
˵žǰĴ·չҩһֱڴ˭кҪģôһ˼ңҲ
ֻܰܿ˺ͺӣһʶкӺۿȫǵͰéݷͯǴҲǲѡ
ģǰĿɽһžһᡣ
ʵʵĸڹҲ˵ʲô
ܿ쵽˴βһСԺǰͣ£ԺŴ򿪣ԺɨܸɾһԼĪҵСŮԺˣӺ۾ܴ󣬿ҲɰϴһʵĴѣǲڵϣôòʡ
һ˫Сϴһ˫˶ĲЬ
˱һᣬĻУһۡ


542 

ɺ͹ѾԺӣһλԼĪʮϸڿݡ
ϸ˼˽Ͻͣ£һԷ˷ţϽкˣϡͣϡͣϽ˵ŲʱĴˣʶģչҩݣϤǹڹֱӱˣһӦòӵġ
˽ݣֱӺĸоеļҾĺ٣ҺƾɣʰȴܸɾǰǼҼһģһһ˵ĴҲһ˽⡣
СѾУϸ˵ĻеŴ۾Ŀˡ
ĶһһĴϰУֵ˺ֻܶ࣬Щ˶ԶԶվţδ˭
ϸ˼˵Ʒһ󲻰ͿˣôණʲôƷˣ֪ǿѩ
Ц˵ʲôһ۾ϲѩѩܹܲӱһ
ѩĵЩСͷһϸˣϸºһЦοԺˣ㲻һֱ߶ҪףԺ
ѩšۡһͿ˳޵øġ
ѩĿһᣬѾ̲ס˳־۽ǵˮǰѩߣѩˮϷһó˼ǹѩǣ˺òá
ӶаģѩŹеǣ죬ȴûȥãϸˡ
ϸľ͸Ͻţлл
ѩѹеǹ˹ȥĺһ
һѹֺˣһҲ۾ۿתһ֪ʮꡣ
ѩڻУʱѩѾܹˣڹгǡ
һʱµľǺӲܣµľһ᲻úӡ
˵ԺùûᾭӻǶϵģûȥʲôطˣ
ʱ˵ˣһӣֻϸˣûȻҪһ䡣
ϸЦЦȥɽϲҩˣҲչҩݣȻ⺢Ӱģ࣬ﶼȥˣҺүүҲˣ֮ǰΪ˴ǮβѼΨһļĶҲˣֻͷУɽҩ׬ˣѩҲԿ࣬㿴źݵáѾûˡ
ԽԽᣬ뵽ǰǼҲҲǳһûԡ
οԺǻúչѩģ˵ЦˣҺҷһֱҪһӣκûǸͺӶԵһֱϵ˵Ǽҵ飬ѩҺϲǷһѩչ˺ãǶԺҲˡ
Щĵģϸ˷Բһĸ׵ΣλҪҲȻҪ㡣
ϸһ̾ϢҺѩүүչԼҲûбҪֻϣܶѩãѾͷࡣ
ܳϿңǰģһѩԼŮǶϵҲ᲻ܡ
ҲһԵѩǻúչ˵ģһί
ϸһлʵӸڣָʲôʱͶˣҲûкӣ⣬ʵѩҲ
ѩѩɵĳǹһĻùһĽҪˣ׺ǲӦأ
˵ĹѾ˺ӣһ㣬Ҫӻǿ
ҪһɵŮͺˣԽԽɬ
ϸԷʱϲҲˣɲ֪ҲҲڤڤ֮עԵְɡ
˺ܶණ;Ͳ˵ˣ֮ģѵĲҲƥоƺͱӰ˵Ķֻ֮Ҫ뵽Ķˡ
ǿĵģϲ̫̫ϲӣŵҲ׵׵صķˡ
һѩ֮󣬾᲻ˣϲˡ
һֱ澭̣кԲԲģĽúܣŮҸﲻݵġ
쵽ڵʱ˴źӲ뿪̫̫ϲЩģѩҸģҲס˲ᡣ
óܵϲѩܸѩôһޣҲ׵װˡ
һֱͣĶŪӣɼˣѩúҽ㡣
ѩĺһ㡱ǵùһЦϣЩ滹ûأǿѩȥСг
ƥ׼͸Űѩѡ


543 ѩ

ʣµͲǹɺ͹ܸˣ˻ص˴ӣŰϣǰ˵ǵ鲻ɹϰװ׵ġ
һƤúܵģһһã۾һҪȥãȥòá
ɵһ۹ĵȥ˺þͿˡ
ʵѩͱĴһ㣬Ϊ˿ǣջǾѩСһ㣬磬źչѩȻƤﶮǫð
ⲻ֪֮ľ˯ˣҪȥãҪѺĶ档
ƽʱƤúܵĶˣȴĵ￪ġ
ԾһȥϣѩΣ̵ıȥ˯ˡ
ɺ͹һĻ֪˵ʲôãҲܿġ
һڼȿܵ״̬ϳԷʱ˵ƤӸû˯ţһֱȥϵ¡
Ҳǣ֮ǰж棬͵ĺҲֻ࣬һ棬ʲôĲĵģ֮һþǸÿĵ鰡
ɾҲȥϣҵ鲻˶á
緹󣬾ùСĸȥϡ
һϲѩֱˣǳɫСȹӣúܺÿɫ黨ÿˣҲɸɾġ
ѩһɾͳǰ˹ɵȺŽ㡣
ľִٲվһԣεĿѩ
ºһЦѩǸ磬Ժĸ硣
ͬϲͬģѩһЦеģҲЦĺ硣
ѩɵһĽѩ԰ǼҵƤҪôԣζҪЦˣ⺢˵֮˯ţ϶ء
˭ϣԼĺӱ佱ȻźѩĸŮϵҲܻϲкѩĶ¿ɰ⺢ӶۣҸϴʱҪԼϴ˵ڼﶼԼϴҪϴ⺢ĳ˲ٿͷ
Ҳǹˣ֪ж࣬οѩҲĸԺǶһ㡣
ͷ˸ѩĳԣѩǴȰ
ܺãྐྵӣϺ͹˵
˼Ժÿһʱ䶼һЩȥӸϲ򸾣ʱӹһסʵ˼Ҳͬ⡣
ϲ̫̫Բĸ׵Σĸмĺܡ
ϻԺչһˣҲÿȥʲô̫̫ϲ֪ˣ˵Ϊ˺ƣҲܵѺӸ˵ȫǺû
һֱֻ˵Ĺɿ˿ڣվʹѩȥһˣλ˿ҲģǻȥˣЩҲͲˡ
ʱѺøмʵ˻˵ģ˵ʲôģϲ޶ǺˣǱϲõ
Ҳ㣬ˣֻܲԼģҺøվʹѩȥ˵һλ˴ʲôð
ɺֱӣֱӸӰɣһҪλ£ҪǲգͰѵĶеҲ̤ʵһ㡣
ϽͷӦɵܺã
ĺѩѾһˣƽʱڼ첻µزµģƤûߵģѩǰɶµúܣһһõĺš
ѩãľģ㿴㡭ѩܺóԣһ㣬㲻ҪԶŶãҽǲҳԶ࣬ҳǾȥˢϽһ㣬㶼һϲʲô߸磬򡣡
ɺϿЦˡ
˵ĵһԥأû뵽ЧôðƤҲôˣʵѵð
˵µʱɵ⣬տ֪ǣĹɵҲϲء
һΣԹĵĵƤѾˣСһչãڼﶼѼҲˣĺûкģЩһˣӵģǰһȥ飬ڰͲĸϽߣߵԶԶıԹޡ
⻰͵ЦǸýѵѵҪڹùϴοĶأĵȷúúýһˣȻȥԺҲϲ
Ҳͷ۵⣬ȥԺҲܸţҪģ̫Ƥ˵ȷá
İķϣһ˵ʱͰ˵İ죬ķϺˣҹѩú棬⺢ѩǰǹԵúܡ
ѩҲܶ£ʲôطҲһһ鲻䷳ľ


544 ˵ý

ûдþͻȥˣﻹкܶҪҪ鴦˲Űġ
һգֻۣʣһʱˣҩѾͣˣϾɽѩסˣʱɽҲʵ
һҲչҩݵ˶ˣڴҲûʲôæֿٽ꣬໥ľǴš
Ҳ˵Ǯˣһ׬Ĳ٣˵Ǵˡ
ҲˣһҶڿɽ壬ҲҴˣСҴ嵽˵лģĻؼȥЩĵĻ˭ҲҲʹ졣
һϼƣڿɽꡣ
ԱɽҴ˵ȷУɽζˣҴ˶ǣѼҰڿɽҲû¡
һڣֵúܣԺҩѾõʱٴֿʼﻮ˳Է¡
Ҹæһ꣬Ϊҵ׿϶Ҫʾʾֻǽ˺ܶ࣬Ҫƻһʱ䡣
ѵжˣҪ˵˾ǣͱˣҺﻹͿˡ
ŴĻ΢΢һЦʱû㣬һҪôҳԸͷɱˣԲǹԣҪ˴ȥˣڴӰæҲ٣ֻҪµĶ
ЩС
״Ѿذˣ˾ʮɰ׼¶ʮʱֵĶá
gһʱ仹Կʼ׼ˣƾ͵üŹȡ
׬ǮˣҲ󷽵úܣһ仰ܹ
Ҳûʲô£ϵ齻ͺãѩߣӹڣⲻѩˣʹ˴ӡ
ѩǵһӣһжǺģʱĶƣģǹɵúܡ
Ĵѩȥ˷ˣں档
֮ȥһ˹ң̵˵˵û뵽Ҳ˼ʱ£ùӹˣ֧˳ȥ֮Ϳʼ˵¡
ӺɻһҶѾͷһûУֻǲ֪ǵļ˻᲻ͬ⡣
˵ýµʲôǶԷﲻͬ£ð顣
ɺദʱ䳤ˣҲ˽Ǽͬ϶ͬ⣬ǲǮƻҪһ㣬ҹһҶҪҪģҲ١
ҪǰһҶӾҪסɻˣɻͲӵ£Сֵܸº󣬹Ǯõö࣬׬ǮҲ࣬ʹչˣװϯҲ˿£мӵĴء
ɻϽû⣬鲻õģĸһǼһ׬˲ӵģһֱڸСֵܴõǮҲԣֻҪ̵ĵԸ⣬ Ǿû
⻰Ҳ̹ǰĹ̫̫ϣΪ᲻Ǯ
ѾǺܾ֮ǰˣһ̾Ϣ
ʱûĿ찡һգһжˡ
ɻ⣺С˵ҾһֱڴĦ£ɣ˵Ѿͷڳң⡭
ҪǳҲˣǾ͵õ꣬ʱɲ̰СǵȲ
ˣҲ°ѼƻߺɻЦŽ͵Ҫ˵ˣϻ̣һӱģҿġ
ĵһЦҪֻ³̯ӸˣڱƼǶҪ飬浽Ƽһ治ʲô£鷳
ɻϵЦˣϲҪϲɻˣ˫ϲǺ°ʱ򻹿԰һˡ
ɻֹסЦ⣬˶̿
˵ý½ˣǱ˵ýŵµбµġ
ɻ֮󣬾Ͱ̽еС
˶ЩںɻʱͲµʲôŮ˵ɬġ
һԣͷû˵˹ã˵һѯʵھͿǵ˼ɻ˵Щû⣬ǱȽ˽ǵ˵˵᲻ͬ¡
Ҫȥ׺úܶ࣬ûйͨȥε顣
ǰؼһҺ͵˵£ֻһţ˵˵£ҰСҵ˵һ飬ﶼû
ҲҲ˵ˣҲû⼸СæǼӲŽùܸ
⵹ǴʵɾߵˣҲ⡣


545 ϲ

йҲģߣС͹СΪ˶˵ֵܣֵܺͺģҲûʲôɩҲãһҶǺˣּͥʵܲġ
ǸڹߣȻ֪лڵ飬ǻһأӹ
ѡ˼ңҪԷʲôˣҪǶ˽ԷļˣԷļ֪ˣҲùܶࡣ
ɻҲֶţ׺ͣչԺڴ棬ĺܲˡ
ɵһЦǵĻҿ϶ʵϳѾ˵˺üˣ˵ҲСˣõȵʮųȥףͬµĻȥɻ˵վý˵ס
̲ͬŮӣûͼˣǶ˽С͹СΪ˺ѡ޵ģԷƷʲôĶû⡣
̵ҵҲκģ¾Сˡ
ɵõ˵Ŀ϶󣬺ͺɻ˵̵˼һԵĵĹС͹СӶϲˣ̶Ǻù֮ǰ׵Щöˣϲá
˵̶û󶼻ϲˡ
ȥæų׵ʱûҵʵĹ˵л˵۹ߣֻԵûѡ
ɰѸ˵Ķ˵˺ԼŰ죬ʲôʱףԼƻҵ˼Ǿ죬ȷͿԳס
¹ұȽϼɻ뱧ˣӵֻɶһСѾͷ⼸һֱûɼˡ
æ£ľжһʯͷ
ȥʱ򣬹û뿪ѩˡ
ǻ죬ŹýζѵÿȻôô
ȥѩүү̣ӹ泩ˣ˵Ļԣǰѩߺ󣬻˵лҺǹȥˣ˶Ľˣ֮ǰЦѩЩ˼ңһĽúܣͽʻ費ҪŮҲûôҪġ
ÿôһ˼ϲ˵л¹Ҳˣܲס˹סԼǿԵġ
οùҲѩ׾ͺˡ
һѩβסϲѩøöˣǰһ϶ЦݣرǿѩʱǽһϲأǰҰĽӣʱ͵Ըѩ˵һ䣬ĽӺúóԣѩԡøӣŷӵĻڣѩˣʱҿŶζء
ȻԹȴ̵ģڲҵӡ
̲ס͵Цʵǹݵģ̫лˣһ뵽۰ѩģ
ҲΪģѩúùӣҲûʲô֮ˣ̫үԺˣҲ뿪ˣ˶ˣĵ׵ԹҲûˡ
ʱԵһУ̫̫ȥˣնˣʷҲȥˡʣµҲˡ
˵ͷ̫үǲģ֮ǰȥԸһ˵鷳ǣԼ׬Ǯһӣٸ鷳ʵ֪ھΣһرھΣˣҲ֪ˡ
Щɶ֪̫үĻ.
ԭ¹̫ү˵Ҳף˵ɣڰа׼չˣζ¥ԵúסúҲõģԵһֱڣҲףǲ˼ǡ
궼һЩ飬ҲûȥǣϾһһȥʵ̫ˣæһҲҲ׵ˡ
˯Ȼѣ뵽һ͵һ䡣
³ʮʱյ˳ţ˵ԶˣҪһ档
гȥģ˼ȥԶҲûʲôìܣȥһ
Ѽ⻹мѼһЩ´ȥ˰ǡ
׺صúܣɩӺҲᣬƽջ٣ྴӹɫ
ⲻҲȥǼʶһ£Դźһȥˡ
һʱˣûϺӣҲһȰҪӵ鼱ãһҲߣҲ˿ûѹ
ڵ˲ǰˣǰֻ֪ΪŮ˻ϺŮ˵⣬ӹ֪ˣϺҲп˵⣬ԺʲôĶԵ֡
ɰźţӱƿͼݳ˵Ż
԰ǺģһֱʰʲôطķóԣʲôطĶˡ
ɶ԰ǺϤˣʱƹܳҵ⣬ѰⶼϤˣܵҲסջˣֱȥסԺô࣬סջǮҪǾò˼ųƫҲǿԵģʱǰһƫŵԺӣҲӰС棬ڰǴվߣʱ͸ɵһȥ


546 ټ

ǽԼģȻǮˣҲϲ˷ѣܽԼ;ԼסڳҲԽԼӣˬĴӦ
·ʱȥһۣΪһжͣѾˣͿֲ
ȽԱһ꣬Ҳû೤ʱ뿪
ֱȥ˳ңС˰ѴСĶԺӣЦĵС㰡ȥūųƬһ궼ڻζء
Ҷ˺ãʲôóԵĳ˶ԸҲ˰
һҲؼôҼǵȥҲûؼҡ
С˵һ˿ʹ˶ϣһȥȥҲû˼ڸУүͷ˴Һܺá
Ҽбľ֪ΪΣһᡣ
С˵ļοûµģͰѳԼļңϲʱ˸һЩջɱ˶ѬһЩ
δ˵˿ʵϣֻǱȱôһѣΪˣů
СижȴҪϽСҲǸ˼Ҿǡ
Цˣ˵ʲôҶҵ⡣
ºͺ˻һңԳҵĴݻȫµ֪ٲ˵ģܸоеѾһƯƯ
ôԺһҪܶܶӰɣвš
ܿõϢĳ˺ͳүгغͳˡ
ĸ񣬵ͷҲҿˡ
˵ǵһμһ棺ǴµӰɣҼǵýкǲǣҲ֪ҼǴûС
⣬ĵҲжúܣû뵽˻ǵ֡
ûǴǽкŵ˵һ䡣
˶ѾʹһɫܿѾ߶һһľӡ
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549 

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550 

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552 

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οĿ˳һ۵ŬŬ˵ת˵ǰ·ЩǴ£Щһֱǳ͢Ҫ⣬˵ûŰе߽ãٰǿˡ
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ӳˡѾһţùֲõԤС
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ԶһھΣҲۣҺ͵֪顣
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560 

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ڻ԰ɢ˲΢һ
ңµѾûʲô󰭣ҲҺûдʲôҪλɺͳµǸ²Ļӻ֣²ǣһһġ
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564 ѩ

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ֵúܣڴӵĸ˺ܶҲæɺ͹û˵ϼ仰ģغúտӺ͹ȥˡ
ڴӵĸ˺ü˺ܾδ¶Ͳܱ˼ºߵߣһǵɣ۲ˣһٽҹƲԣǲǻҪһЩ
ɶŲԶ֣ϸϽ˹˫Χȹϲŵôɣ
þ˾ȥٽۻͷƲԣٶ׼һЩɣ㵽ʱԲ꣬ҲԷָˡǲ뵽ʱ򲻹ԣǺңĪ˿ʵ
ûʮأҲŻʮӰˣܴҵȻ˾ȥڸҲЩ˻ҶҲչһ´⣬ˣ߼ӣӶһˣѴҶ֪ͨһ飬ԸĶ
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ֻùɴȴǵһỨܶӰɣ˵ϵҲ˵Ǵһȫǿˣһ˻û͵ġ
ֱ븽ӵĶܱһ͸оˡ
ɱֻ뱾͸ӵģ˳˵ʮӣʱִ˲١
οŹһвĸʮأҽ׬Ķ࣬ҳһҲûʲôһʮӡ
ǰһǮ޲ɶǮһ͵ûǰʮ׬ӡ
˵ͦõģٲΪӵ鷢
ɽ׬ӣЩ뻹治ʲô
ϲŻʱȫǸ߲˻мѶж֮Źɵֱ۾ͽӣһġ
ҽ˸ļӣ֪ͨһ飬׼Ķ಻ҹ˲١
Ҳû뵽ȥ֪ͨһ£ҶҪʾҪһüء
Һðˣɰһµ粻ͬ˵ҺôͷһףȻ컹ץϹ㰲ĺˣþ˾˻Сȥ˺ܶбõģõĲ
עǸҹæЩ˳ŲסѾȥˣ°æ£ƻͨ˰ӡ
ֵúܣҲ߰ˣЩûȻںȾơ
ͯǱֵĳܶ඼Ըȥ˯ĺʹӵĺúܺãĺѩжѴ˸۽ǹóȥָĺӣοúܡ
ҹЩŲסͳؼֵҹȥ˯ˣ̫ۣһմ̾˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ϵĺźͳش·
ԺѾӣһ߳ţҲһӣһֱ쵽ڡ
ԺƮŲȵζͳһȥҨһˣ˲̹ˡ
ϰĺѩ޴˹ֱӰ˹ɵ治ҪæѾźˣֻҪչ˺þˣտһģʲôֱȥҨǣǴ˺ܺóԵġ
Цеĵ֣ôˣҪӡ


565 ˶

ľ죬䲻ﻹҵСӣѾСˣѩĸ磬չ˺öѩġ
һƾĵԴϣСƨװˣҹˣҴȥ档
ô֣϶㵽ܰȻﲻæԴȥڿְ
ǹôôӣǣѩֱȥ˴ڡ
Ѿ֧ʮڴŹͷеĹ׼ˡ
ڴʼͷɾѾʮͷȺͷž
ɸͷȻȥ˴ͷСŵӿ֡
ʲôʲô˼һ⣬Կóġ
ƽĺöвסôֵĳȻȥʹӵĺˣ
ɸһ۵֣ȻܶˣǵˤţͰֵַĸʲôȥãǲܵģҪߣԺͲ۽͸ˡ
֪۽͸㣬Ҫûƹö̹
ѩܶ£˳ĵĸ첲￴ͦ˼ģֻҪӵǶܿ˵㿴Ĳ˺㰡
ѩ˵Żӣŵ˺ܶɽϲɵľӣζúܡ
Ҳ˶࣬ǾİɣҪǲ㲻ʳիĸô죿
ıѩͶƤܶ࣬һ뵽ûиԣʱҲˡ
СӻƢģ㲻׸򡣡
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ĻҵģҶҲ䣬ԹԵȹʱ㰮Եˡ
ʵˣЦеֺŹɡ
˵ûʲôȸ˸Ҫˡ
ɻһ˼ңӼó˹Ӻ۽ͳһ߳һ߿֡
ʱ½½ˣǺ˶ᱻ뵽ȥкͯǵ˻һֽСǮҲ࣬һģֻҪõǮĺͯûвĵġ
ǳ˺ͳү׼ģԭǳ˵ҪѹǮǰû취ֻܺ庢ӰһͭǮУúѡãѡȷͭǮǺӵġ
ЩЩᣬϾǰͳѹǮǰʮġ
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ûλģ֪ͨʱ˵Ҫ꣬Ĵ󲿷˶ǴǰģҨһȦ˺ͷȥһԳԣ˶֣Ҳʲôõĵط
˽ܿģ궼ڼЩ̫̫ۻᣬֲ᲻ϣûж棬˵ʱΪӦ꣬ѹͲǿĻ߲ġ
ŴͷҨˣǰһЦ࿪ģЩСĺӿҲŸмĸ㡣
ֺǺǵĸҨˣҺͰѲˣȻ϶æҲǰ׼ЩҨ˲˵˶˵طԷ˵˲ܱҲû˲˾뿪˲ڶΡ
мռС˵Ĳ٣챾ôҿģΪǸмңҲͲںЩСϸˡ
˳˷΢һᣬЩ˿ʼ뿪ˣŴ˻صС
ԺȾƵ˼ֵúܡ
ѩȥ˯ͳǳȥкˡ
˺ܶ࣬Сֵʱִһ£İˣɲˡ
ȺȾƵ˶ʰصŹɵһԵ׼ĶˣҺö򣬲ȻЦˣ˷ѵҲ࣬ûҲûؼˣһֱţЩû˷Ѱɡ
ǲ´ҳԵö࣬ͺЩ˷ѡ
ɺЦû˷ѣȻкܶԱ˻Ҩ˴ߵģҶԾԶҪ٣δֵ
һֱҲڹע£ҶǺܽʡҶøжġ
յĴֻ±Ⱥܶ˼ҹԵûãԺܶ˳˺󣬶Ծİæ


566 ׼

ʰܿ죬˵˶࣬󲿷ֶԼ꣬ϳҲкܶ฾˰æʰϽҲɨˡ
˺ϻδ£æ˴ҲЩˣһЩͽϢ
Ҳǵһμôֵĳ档
ֻǧ˰ɣҺ׼Ķ࣬Ȼ϶ԡΪ˲̫࣬˶ˣһֱˣҺҲ࣬ͷͷ˵ˡ
Ȼۣȴܳʵĵ㡣
˹ЦҲǵһμôֵĳ棬껹һ˵˴ҵչˣȻҲôԸҩҩݺǮ
мΣҳһٷûʲô
ɴͼĵ𾢡
˶Թֵ㿴ûʲôطҪ·֮ģǿԼƻһǮ·޺á
һֱ£˱Ƶˣɽ帽˶ӣ˰˼
ҲƣúܣڳԱߵĸˣ·ǲã˶ڿ죬ѽ·ŪúƽµҪæСӣҪŭˮѴǮƼʮӾ㹻ˣôʯͷʯ̺ʯ壬ŹҪ޺üĸԸտԵߣ͸һ¸ķ羰
ԸӺϤ֪ҵĴ
˵˵ͷһ˵ӡ
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Ҳǿɣ۵úܣѾͷûµʱ򣬱ԼôҪ˿ϢģǮ㡣
һԵϡ͡һЦ˳жĽϱǺõúܣҲĽҺҲôá
ӽĳ⻰ЦеǰǰǹϵҲء
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ĴŶѩһΧϺͳˣùɺͳʱȥ档
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˼ҼһӺ͵Ӷдֵģ˱ǵģúܡ
Źɵֱۣһһߵͬһȥ°ɣѧһ㶫
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Ȥһ³أغ˶ɬ֪ȤңûҸ磿
ֱԲ䣬һܻ˼û밡춼أһҲңΪҽǴ硣
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ˣδ˵ͻȻôЩܲˡ
ζ¥ôãҪȫױҲ̫˰ɡ
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ҡͷҺ˼Ҽ޽ң㻹ûأʱɩɩú÷һ㶫ҲпԭİɣҪôѾ¥˵ʵڵľ¥׬ǮܿģʳסУʳǱزٵģҲ࿪ҿջЩҪȼ޵˵
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߶˼飬һ£ȷе
ǵҾͿʼƹҿ˱Ŀһð׼ôࡣ


567 

ɼؾô죬οúܡ
ҲˣϴСˣܲһֱڴҵıӻʱͦĽģڣȴ㻹ҪһʲôȽϺá
£˺ܶ£˭Ҳ֪ʲôӣɿģҪԼ
Źɽ̻壬˵ÿһ䶼е
֪˽㣬˵ĺе׼Ҳʱ˵ϣֻԼǿˣܱߵˡ
ǰ̫ңһ㣬ƺʲôᡣ
ųе䣬ЦŰοҲԼǰûЩ£ģܱӻҲҸĽأⲢʺѧϰԸ߿
ųѾߵ˹С
ԺȲ裬ź˾е㲻ر컹˺ܶࡣ
һŨҲΪ˽ơ
ɺͳˣϽк
ɶµĴа˵ӣ˳ŰһҲ˳м䡣
غ͹ɶڻϿţɢ˺⡣
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ӶǴɽڻֲģҲûȥֳһƺܺá
˶٣ʵ
˱ֵãɲСĿҲֹһӱ͵
ߵ𣿡ɸоЩ򵥣Щ߽ʲôĿģ
ͷߵģӦȥֲʱ֪˭ԷƺĿĵģֻ͵˽ڼʱɽȥ鿴ûˡ
͵Ҳ֪Ҿˣûм
ҧҧ߾ֲˣû˵˭ҽֲȽ϶ࣿ
оֲҲӣ͵
ҡͷû˵Ҳڴû˭ͻȻֲ˴Ľٶ겻СĿҾһߵģҲûôֲ˸ֲĴӣÿӶж˵ûİ˽壬һʱ֮䲻֪ôˣ˰Ҳ֪ͷûȻҲ˭ߵġ
˵˾˹ٲҲûãĵ¡
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ΣҲû뵽Ȼ͵
ô˵ȥ˵ӦϤߵˣһж˵ˡƾļ仰Ҳû˽ľҪȥһȦУҪģÿĽ׬ǮúúÿƻбĿġ
ͳ뿪˹ңӱȥ
Ҫȥˮһһ߲񣬵ܾ£밡ٶأ϶˲ʱ͵ûѽ·ϱ˿ӣЩȻ͵ߣ˵ȥֲҾúп˿׬ǮˣҪֲ΢ȼҲ֪˭͵ˡ
ҲôģҪȥǶԴҵĸ
̾ϢһֻۣӲܳʲôĿģҪúòһ飬ЩǴҴɽڻֵģ˲پ
в޵úܣ;Щ˵ۻúܡ
ںӱһᣬɫѾ˱˼ҡ
ߵԺԺﴫЦһԺӾͼԺһѣһڻѱ˵Цģò֡
ϲ֣ͳذ˵ӳڻѱߡ
Ҫʲôغʵ綼û˵£û뵽Ѷˡ
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ǰһúܣϲ
˰һ۳أֵֻҪǳԵ㶼ϲ

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غɬͺϲû˵ѡ


568 ȫ

ǴӸڴģΪɽûǰɽ廹룬Ӻ͹ɲҩݺ󣬴æòɿﻹʱȥ
Ψһļ˼ңҲֻΪеû׼ɱ
Ŀɽ岻˵˸ԣӣٲԴˣֻҪ΢ڿһ㣬һһ׬Ǵ´ġ
ϲΪڣвϻǹã˶ҲչмӣҪǺ͹һܿġ
ɼɬȤҲ𲻺˼ʳⲢû
ˬһЦߵߣ㿴ɽ㶼û˵ʲôͱȤˡ
ϴĸһЦţܳǸǺ¡
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ƮúԶԶ
֪ɼڿšһ̳ƾƵˣһԺӾ͵ڼŵǼҵĿζ̲סˣ֮ǰĺþƣҪһݡ
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οŹ˵ʲôôƲ´أ˵ҳˣҲӰʲôҩɻֻǻύҵ;˾Ǵ
еǲϵģôںĴӣ볤ڷչ
ҩǺǰ⣬Ҳҩ⣬οǼҾͿҩ׬Ǯ
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ڡ
ÿһλصҴ壬һͽġ
һ˵ҲˣǰûĿ佱Щʱѿڶ
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򿾺ú󣬴ѿһֿ΢Ūһ㡣
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ã˵ǰס⣬ʶ϶ġ
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״ͳүһҲץһţһţԵýζʱĵͷģһֻСè
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ŴһԣһֻҪһȾƾֵܣܿһƬ


569 

һԾҹĴѾϣ˯㡣
Ҳģ˵
ôȾƵİ״Ҳˣͳүһſϣó˺϶εúܣֻøС˰æ˷ֱ̧ӡ
ȵò࣬ΪĶǿˣ˵ȻҪչ˺ÿˣҪԼˣǻǴ֮ô
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ԺĻѶ˺þã֮ģЩСġ
һ˯ɹͣĿɽֻСѩѩСѩδԹ˵е㲻졣
һؾ˹˯Ժĳ۾˯ˣ
ɼŷ϶͸ӣ΢΢ͷ˯ˣӦʱˣǻǸϽɡ
һʱ֣̾ղҪȥ£ô˯ˣ㻹ǸϽȥ˵
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𣬵Ϻܶңˮϴ֮ԺӻȻһ¡
˵С˾ȥ峤һˣѾˣӺүȥϲɹ˵Сȥڴӵ顣һ˵ꡣ
ղŻúܵĳȱȱȻȥ˯ˣ˯˵ɡ
ҲۣѾ˯ˣԳصȥһ㶫Ȼȥ˯ɣȥ峤һˣҪ˾ͲøȥڴˣҲ档
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û߽ǲҪ̫֣Ϊûа취ǡ
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ɾǿͣȻԷţ͵ðе鶼ŪһȻܲ׵ġ
һ۹һĵ󣬶˵仹ǽ˵
˽ӣҲûݲ˼֪ʲôҴɽڻؽֲǷ˲ģ治ŴҵϣǴҶδȴֱӰһϣʱ顣
Ҳܲ
һۣ˱鶼ЩΣֱҺ񲢲ʶλɣ֮ӦûгޣΪҪ͵ӵĽأ
ĿƵĿˣҲϿһ
һ˿Цһ˹εҲǱƲѣǱֲǧʱ̫ôղ˵˸ֲԡ
Ǿ͵ɾöԷδЩ˶ˡ
һλεԸǮģֻϣȥٸ
Ҫǵּ࣬Ϲٸڵ£ֺ¶ŵĻҲϾܶȥҲܶݡ
ɲδ̸һ̸ǮɣȻ͵ٶǼǮҲúú̸һ̸ˡ


570 ̸

һŵĹе㽹ʵҪ⳥ֱӰŤȥٸ
ɸһ԰󣬳ЦЦλʱѾҪ⳥ǮǻôӲʹʹ£ֻܰŤȥٸˡ
ȿڵӵСɱ֮ǰȷ˼ǮʮǮһ꣬͵ٶ꣬⳥Σ
ǮܺˣƧũôӻôӦ
⻰ϵЦݸζӣܶӡ
ǮֻЦЦʮǮһҲ˵˹еһ棬˵˵ҲʮǮôһȥ
ڴֲĽǼõ֣Ӵ˵չһ꣬Ͳˡ
˸ʮǮһ֮꣬л֮⣬Ӻ˵ҸʮǮǿһ㡣
ǻĵ׵ŭôѹѹƲס
ǹ۸ô
ĵһ˿ϲЦλжٽҳʮһǮչ
һӾͱýˣûأҪʮǮŪ򲻿ܵġ
˶һۣĬܿһ˵СҪ١
ɺൽҵҪܼ򵥣һ⳥ʮǮԸǾȥٸ̫үúһǵʧ⻹һǰӸֻȥұ֤ûһöܻ
˶ΪֻȥҪӻɲ׵£Ҳ˵û֣Ҳֲ
СҪЩְʵǲֲܸȥʮһҲЩˣȻǮǺúʮ
ֻǾĿӣȴδ˵ԣûء
ʵʮǮûжҪũʧӣҪƽϣôũˡ
ǮҪĿĻǶԷŻݰɡ
ùٸҵỨܶʱ䡣
˼ɺ͹˵֪ûжأ˶ɬЦЦ
˫ĽţһյĹһ̲ס˿ڣȻǳʮǮС֪ˣũٴɽڽҲӰʲô
ɳһЦӰôҲ˵ЩӾչһ֮󣬳ƼӦµ˵㵢˴ҲʧͲֹʮǮ⣬ɽڻҪ
ô˵ǴҳԿռ˶Ƶġ
Ҿ֪ǵĶ˭ҿû˵µϰֲģĽ
Բʮ˽⣬ȴû˵µϰ
˴ѶǸ˼ҵˣҲ˵˱Ķһһ˲õ
ǹԣǰԤıɺ϶Ҫ˽ȻлѰġ
ΪѿЦһ˵˭治˵ĺǶҲûϵֲΪҶ˵߳ҩĺãѰһֲĽɽУ
ɵͷ˼նԷ˵ģԷĶҲˣӦûҩˣܿ˼ƽϡ
⳥Ҳһ˵㣬ǽ첻Ҳȥ£ǰᶯôණߣһӦɣȻܲ˷֡
һֱ벻ͨ£ɽϱ͵ĽӶڳģھҪʱ䣬һô벻ף˾õʲô취Ż֪İѶߡ
ûشȴһ˵ʹͲˣСʮǮܳļǮٶҲû취ˣЩǮֻǲֵٸҲǲ붫֪Ƕֱˣнһɳӣٲڲ£ŽǣûӰ
ڵѪǮҲʱĵߣٶҲò
˺һû˵ЩôΪá
ֳĬˣ¶Է⣬ȴ֪һЩ¡
㶫Ů
еģǶҲǸˣѪ֮ǰҲûֲҩ֮ģŻȲõ¡
֪֮ڣҲǲ뱻֪
Ŀ˵ȷ˶û˵ѺҲǲͨˣȻ˵ǶҲ֪Ҿ͵֪ˣֻ⳥ֻʮʵڲУʮǮҵĵߣϾũʧ̫ˣһʧӿɲֹʮģʮǿڶλŵǸķҪļǮ̫ܲ١


571 

ʮǲˣҪľǵͼۣ
˿ûôǮ
л滰ԼܶǮ̫Ҳܲˡ
Ҳ˶Բߣˣ⳥ʮģʣµʮǮԺǷдþǣȵպǾ֪û˵ٻҲûҪǮ
ߵֻ֪ǳǮˣȴûΪũʧ˶٣һδʧǮɲ٣ܲ˵ʱͲҪ͵УҲǺ˵ģҪ˵ģǲ⳥߲ӡ
˶õȷصһ̾ϢһͰչС˵
ܿó׼ȷ֣СٵǮдǷ˫ȷǷҴ뿪
ɿ˹һ۵Сǣ뿴˾ʲôطֲ
Ѿȷ͵Ӧ˲˵Ҳֻˡ
վȥ˸ӣܿźˣ˱ĶҲ򵥡
ֹǲ򵥣ֻҪԺǣҲ̫ǣǿɽҲڴӵĻҲԽԽ٣Ժ͵鷳ߣע⸽ӵЩԼҪģ˵ҹϵãܱ£Ҫ⣬ֲֽǿɿģһŵÿ˶أǸ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ¡ɱ࣬ĴӶ෢չģм丶̫Ŭ
˰·ժӣŻ
ͷӦ½Ҿͺã˶壬ֹӲŵˣҲֻ㣬֮ǰ˹̽ûɹģġ
ʱҲڼ֮߶ôģôĶ˽⡣
ɰĲ٣һĨЦݣ׺ĻˣҺܶҪֻнһ˴⣬Ҳ࣬ɽܹ黹ÿҡ
ͣһֵĺӺ꣬Ҫ飬öѧϰһҩǰûǮҲ˵ˣڼҼһӶùˣɲҪټȥũûʱͶ໨ʱѧϰ
ɽСҪԣڴԶܴ󸻴ģҪ߳ȥ
ԸÿɽΪʮԣĴӣǴмʶˣ۽ߵˣ˵ĻҲ
뵽˺ܶ඼ֲʶһ̲ס̾Ϣһɺ󴺣֮ı˵ģ˵Ҫ׬Ǯ
ҴɶҲȥ飬˵ĶԣҪӸԣͲ״
Ǻ𺳣ƺ¶ڲΪӪÿһ¶ںʵʱ˾ܲˡ
Ҫùɶȥ飬̲ס͵ˣɶȥѧЩҲԿججһӶҲõġ
ùǮȥ͵ũųصߡ
صУѾ˯ˣҲݴأȥ̵ķϢ
һû˾ͱʲô¶᲻Ȥ
һ˯͵ʱ֣
˵˯ܶµûд
д𴲵һֱȺĳһͼƿš
㻹ȥȥڴѽһֱء
ƳؼģҡҡͷжŪ˼ȥˡ
̾ʧΪʲôȥ˰
ȥĻǲ˷أþŶ
̲ס͡һЦأǵȷȥڴˣǿȥĵطڴ´ˡ
úܣѵ˯ʱȥ˸ڴ壿
ɱѷ˵һ飬Բȥˣȥʲôطͬ˵ͺá
ЦݣҾ֪ˡ
һѣɾʹųغһš
ֻһһľͰ
صһӵʱ͹һץзʱͿʼץзȻ¡ǿץзİֻҪʲô˵
ɵû쵣ܻǣͬȥɽ
ɽ϶ȥȥСϪʹӻ۵ĵطܶʯÿƿʯͷץз
ص˵طֵСԣ̰æһץ
ɳˣǰȲȥץڣȴֻ밲Ա߿
ֺֺǵƿʯͷץһֻз㿴ץˣȥҪзͰ
ЦŵͷӦ
Ӵ꣬ͶϤУзɣһ㡣


572 

룬֮ͺ³նˣ
˿ʯͷµ³ɣþû³ˣ
ظӼ˷ܵɣҲѧأѧҾͿԸ׼
ֵǸСûĵģô˵͸
ͷƤѧʱǲߣһԵľǰҲûأ˵죬׼벻Ұ
⻰Ҳ˵ˣ뵽˳ģ϶㣬
̺ɬֶ档
̫䣬ںӱߣٶҲסʱһ˼ң
ǲ֪ȥʲôطѾڶûзϴڵзСû⣬Ҫǳζ
춯ܿͰзŪ˳˲ˡ
Ҳˣ緹緹ûԣһ֮˾ͳ
һֱ쳹׺ھͳһģͣſڣеϽȥ
ЩôڲŻǽȥʲôطȥˣ
һȺ˳ȥôòŻҵĵطˡ
οȥϱĹ¶ͼߵһǰԼõġ
˿ĵָۣĴ˴صĶͷһֻ֪棬ǽȥ£ɽ˵˵£ȥ㳤·ģȻһȥ˸ڴӣȥɽУѰһٲһᡣ
Ǻһ죬ļСš
˺ͳүδİźģҵļҵѾ˳ȵ͹ɳ׺󣬳ҵǶԸˣѾڰŰѳƼҵ񽻸ɣ
ڵȲȥԼ££ɽˮֻҪ¾ͺãһҲϢˡ
ߣɺͳҽֻԽԽǿ󣬻ʲôŲµġ
ɺȥǸĴôٲĵطںԶһӰ
ֻ˵δȥȥˣĥŴųҲȥһߡ
ڶϾ˹ɼ⳥Ѿȥˣõ⳥ѵ˼ҶܿģΪ͵˾ֻԣɾȻǮҪ˵ĵ׻еΪ͵ĵѾõĽ
ԹҲӾ壬øĶԺбϡ
⳥˹Сһݣºе㿪ĵ˵һδҲûѾ˼ȥɽɫˣͿԽɽӣӰգСҹŻϢȤ
뿪ʱ򣬹ùСȥû뵽ҹŻ
ʲôϢɺʵ
˱Ķݲ򵥣ţǾǵĸ˼ңСڸģЩֹԶ±ܻ䣬Сֲũ˼ʮǮһţⱳ󶫼ǰ˻
Щ𾪣˻ӣ
һԵĳүܵ˻˺ܺãϲоҽлģڸֲҲ¡
үĽͰ˲١
̾Ϣ˰ˣЩȨǲԼͺãѹ˲ö֪
ԸԼǮҲִ󣬿˵˻ӵĴģӺ񣬺˰
үͬ˵ģ΢΢ͷǵȷǲ˵ǼҲǮȨǻǱȲϵģ˻ӻõģģǾϵùˡ
ﻹΣùĺͶú飬ԺҲôˡ
˵ףºóԺлỹҪȥӴȨ£Ͳ֪Ǻˡ
Ĺپ˻붼ĴһᶣҲҪ£¾ôˣԸѺ⳥ãͲҲƽˣҴҲ֮ǰ⳥ˡ
ֻۣҺһûдìܣȻǲˣ鷳
Ͱ˵ӵ˶һ䣬ĪҪȥǲǵˡ˺ͿԽȨƢԽ֣˭֪Щ˻ʲô
ҲɵɲҲȥк
ĬĹȴͻȻЦЦ˵ҲǺ£˵ǵҩݺã˻ҲʼעˣԺ滹Ҫģⷢ
ҳȥҩݶǼõģ֮ǰҲ˵õҩһļǮҩҲ֪ҩǿɽģֻҪһ˵ɽҩݣϻᱻ߼ߣǴҶΣҲƷʵı֤


573 ѩ

һֱû˵İ״˿ڣҩǺ׬Ǯ⣬ҲǺܿ鼼⣬ǵ͵׬Ǯ̫ߵ˵ˣ˵˻ڸֲҩҲǺ£ѡĵطƫƧҲǲǵĲΪġ

ùҲ˼ƺôһ¡
˻ȫԹֲҩݣأ˻ӵô͵ѡôƫƧĵطҲǲͻҲܺԼֻҪһûˣ
еƣô˵ȰãҪһЩѬ⡣
Ĵѩ¶ʮʱ˯ʱſƮ¶ѩȵʱѾǰѩҲ
ѩ׷꣬˵궼ֲʳһѩֲкôġ
ؿѩ˷ܣѾѩĺ˳
Ժһѩˣ˺ҲͯδĽȥæ
ȴôѩƶ·ˣүүֻ·ˣ
󣬱ĵģҲŵ߻ʱܵģϾôԶľ룬ѩµûû취Ըô죿
ʱڵųģһӾˡ
ҲΪ˺׹ɺͳ֮˼Ȼһ𣬳üȻȥϿٵϵĻѩûôأ
үҡͷ̾ϢһǲһˣҲЩ֣ǰôöûѩˣȻѩҲգɾûн㣬Ҳôꡣ
˭ó鲻ãʵӦöలοοùɺ˼롣
ɾв̹̫æˣû취뿪˰ˣȥϵŰɣҲûʲô飬ȥȵȽ˵ͳأҪϣǡ
׼Źȥϡ
ȻҪϵģһŻѩȥϡ
ҩã˱㣬Ӱ״ҩý֮󣬼ӾͺùˣϹɵչˣڵ㡣
ðŴѩҩãϽѹ̨Ļ˳˹ɵǰ
ֿ˿󴺰ͳСôˣôѩһɡ
ܾòŻؼһˣҩý벻סԺҲڡ
ֿŻ𣬸оȫ¶̹ˣΪѩҲ֪Ҹ᲻㲻ľϵţ᲻ðѩǰ
󴺻Ȼ򣬸ŵѩʵ̫󣬽һ춼û򣬾ҪҲõȼ죬Ϻ̶ܶڱԹأ׼⣬갴׼ǰˣһżææȥسûһѩµ̫ͻȻкö೵ûء
ظ˵ӶùˣǮ׼ϵϰûȼ֮Ҳǿˡ
ųĲɵҲû˵
Ӱѩš
һžѯʵȽ𣿡
ɿЦһͷɲȽģϧǵȲҹƽˣҲز
һѩ治ʱһգ޿κεģѩѩʲôˡ
⿴˿Զ·Ͻ˺٣֮ǰȫ֮ǰϹˣֱɽ˺ڣһȥһˡ
ؾȰ˵ĪҪ鲻ˣҪ֪㲻ģҲᵣĵģ˵ˣ˵أ˽ģΪ˼ʲô¶ԡ
̾ϢһڲҲı䲻ʲôߵ˵ģô붼òֵá
ųЦЦ˵ĶԣҾ㵣Ҳûã簲š
󴺺һЦɲǣ˾ͺˣҲԺ󲻼棬й¶ʮҲŻشˣﶼҺüһȥˣ˵æòܼң˵ҩһҩͯ뿴飬̫æûʱ䡣
Խ׹ɺͰ״˵Ļˡ
˲ЦҲϷһ£Ҫǻҽ
ͨ˺߲ʹܴ֢ȴһ취ûУ֮ǰһˣû취ҽΣźھ˺ܾá
ɿ󴺣һ˲󴺵뷨ĵҲο
̫ˣǰҲرм鷳˵飬ȻҪְæ


574 ȵ

ĵͷЩͬ󴺵뷨һҩͯҲǱģӦúúѧϰҽ
Ҫһ󴺣ϾûбĴȻûд򣬵С
ʵҩͯҲԣʱðǹһλôҽúøѧͺá
˲伤۾˼ʵ˵𣿡
ʵǲŻĺ£
״뿪ҩʵ̫磬ѧĶޣҽ̸Ϻá
ҲҺø˶ҽãȻûƲ
ֹһȥʦҽݾû˿ˣôòġ
Ĵϴҽֱٺò飬еļβˡ
оԼ̫ˣǿסûƭҰɣûжҰɣ
ֱӸ˸۵㿴Ƕô˵Ķģ֪ѧϰҽֿû˴ڣһֱƣҲûʱ˽⣬͸һλ
ҵҽݺܳͶĴҲر࣬ǰİһҾܿڳҩ٣һ׳ҩöԴǴʲô
һС£Ȼ󴺡
ҲҽЩһֱԺ뿪˴ӣܵչ
ڣҲһ㱣ϣ
󴺵õ˹ȷ˶ҩȥ
ЦпţȤ󴺸òôɣʱҽ顣
죬ɶϵţܿĸż
Ⱥ˷ܵܽɾ֪ˣ
ͣҩ棬к
Ĵ۾Ϳҩá
ۺˮĿųȥ治ѩ·ˣôģ
ûȳش𣬺һˣȻǹ̫ү
ҲˣүүϽ䡣Цеչˡ
Ź̫ү̫үȴҡҡͷȲȥˣ˵ùϣͬ˵˵ʲôطȥ˳ѩʳ
ɶүүȥùüҰɣ
Ͻе£ǰ̫үŶȥ˽б档
Ҳȥ㶫úɣǲ֪Ϊ˻˶Ĺ򣬹˲ѩأ
ѯʳȴס˹ɵֻҪܼ㣬鶼С£Աˡ
Ŀų˵ԽԽˣҲ֪ôġ
⻰ЦõѾͷǲǰ׼ûͿʼЦˣ
أͰ׼ôڷֿô죬ͻȻ͹ɶͷƽƺҲġ
ءߡһ绹˵˵˲ѩ°ɣҺء
ɱž;Բˣ֮ǰĿȴ͵ѹʲô뵽ɵɵĵȣҸ
ϾҲΪ˼Ŭأ
ԽԽۣŨİ֮и㡣
¹ɶţŹɽӣù˻ߣѩ̫ˣҺͱʮľ뿪˰ǣûߵһ´ѩվסڶͿʼСѩ˲ѩʮ˰ǰо̵æ⣬Ҳ˽˶ˣѩȻȻͿˣǲûл̫ʱ䡣
ǲų˵ôƵģ˽ǵ룬ƺܶϸڶԸ˵ʲôΣҲԸ˵͵ıϲǡ
һŵӣ˹СԱߣɵС㹻ˣҾ½꿴㣬ĵ׵˺þãˡ
ɲǲµģȻ֪ƽˣʲôѾҪˡ
ֲǹĻ£ֻǲİˣһ黹Ҫġ
ѵ춼ϵңһ
ؽӻϵˣû뵽Ȼˡ
۵´βˣڼҿãҲ֪ôģǻȻȥ
кܶ໰ҪͬС˵̫ࡣ
ԳصȥùǱߣѹùһҽϣǳش壬Һкܶ໰˵·ȥ
ȥ˶࣬ѩҪϹȥӵ·ѩɾˣҲǳȥ塣
·һûУֻҪйСһ·ǳ˳û


575 ʮ

ǣȥ̲סѰ˵һڰ˺ܶ£ߺд˼ҵķСǾۻᣬŪƺƴԶҹҵǸСһ㣬ܾƱ䣬ʲôԻҪСġ
һ־ķҵģŮ£˵Ļһ棬һǼٶĥ
ύǵķСҲĿĵİɣŮ˲򵥣һףһף˭֪ʲôҲҺǾͻ뿪ڰǵķС㣬ᱻȥЩҲں
ô޷Ǿˣ˵ôһЩˣô⣬簲ǵСû뷨ЩСһ·ˡ
汻ȥ󲻽ύͺãҲûʲô˼
͵Ĺɶ룬ɲûб˼ʱĲ١
ԶʵҲΣ̯ϱߺ͵͵ҹңҵǸ
̾Ϣһı¶˳ӿ಻ԣһȥǣãƽڼǰ˵һ䡣
һ˵ӣǸܲÿ࣬ԲÿģͻȻ䱻ԼӹСһ֪϶ù
ҲҵģžǶҪĥ
ŵǸ˼ˣ˽İɣ뵽ǰһЩ£ͻˡ
ҡҡͷӦò˽ģӦԼҪڰǣϵҲã֪ﲻ̹湦Ҫģ͵ϰɡ
ɲǲʶģһЦҲȡֵˣ㶼˵ҿ϶ìܣ湦һġ
ţҲܰڡ
ɻһ£岮˵ʥּӦûᵽܺã͢Դرע˻ϵʥּԺùܶࡣ
ҲԲ˯ã뵽ҵ¡
ɰĲ٣ЦЦֻҪܽǰ鷳ͺãи¡
Ѱ˻ӵ˵µǻҪ׽˻ӣȻɽ帽ֲҩݣ˵עˡ
˼һµ֮Ҵȥһ˾ǣͰ˻ӽύһ£Ļӵ;ȥ˷ףͰ˻ӻھǣɢү֮ǰ˵ݹţʱȨӴ˸ھܾˣʱͽύ˵ںúܶࡣ
ǰЩ˳Ϲϵڣȴþ㲻ΣգΣҲţºóҪ׼ǡ
ɸоۣĿų־úҸг飬һж㹻ˡ
ڰ·ĳһȺˣǻصӣѾ׼˻衣
ܾûͶ棬ĸ֮ȻҪúõദһһһ밲֮󣬳˺͹Ѿ˵˲ѩ¡
˺ͳԼǸľԴ뻹ٶϱˡ
Ҫǽ겻ȥҪúʰ
һ˾һ֣ɵҲŰˡ
һξʮɽߵϰǴʮĴһϣ˹ϢȻҲԺſڣ¹źܶɫĵ
̫үЦĴĺѩҺ
϶ڹ̫үǺģרʰһӳ̫үϢܿģô£Ϲ̫үĹ£ĵûˡ
˵ҪϾϵô׶Ͼ
ҲڰæһҪأ̻ܶû̻ˡ
ɽ˺ܶһӶû̻𣬴֪̻ڵš
ɰ׼ʳܲô۰Ͱ͵ĵţ±õļѼ棬İ˳
ʱֵȼ̻ͱ񣬵̻ϡءһըʱˡ
ɻǵһο̻𣬾λá
վڹִӼ򴦱ס˹ɣ°ͷڹɵͷϣ˵ԺҪ̻𡣡
Ҳ˹ɶ̻ϲţҪֹɿġ
ɻعͷⶫȻҲǮżһξͺãɲаǮȥ¡
ǹ˿ӵģ˼伲ࡣ
̻꣬Ժ˶ûдлعııĻϲ̻̫ҪҪ
ϵĵۣһӾʵˡ
ΪʵУָ˸ѹǮء
̻֮Ԥʾµһ굽
µһһҪ𡣡


576 

ɵģ˳Ժֻʲô
͹ɰ춼һ𣬴Ҳֲ֣رÿ춼Ҫ̤ѩڴһȦҲϰΪˡ
ɵǶݵģ°ŵ˳ˣҲ˵˱صǣүͳҲȥϾǰһֱڴӡ
һ˶ڳ㿪ʼߡ
˼죬ɶԳԽֿҲǱģϾ⻹Ҫ
ͣſڣϰ׼õĶװЩǳŹ˻а״һ׼ģһߣǣŶΪĽӹϺ׼ѬʲôУƽ.Ҳæò׼Ѭ⣬ȫߵĵ
϶εúܣΣ˫ҲھΡ
˫һžţôͼˣڼҳԵñöˣմģɼҳԷɼʲô֪ģѬⱾǸѬģʲô֪ѬĿɲ࣬үүڼѬģŶۣҪȥ¥£ʱŪԱԼûӵС
˺ͳүѾͳҲϣ״Щõʵסڴͦãǵûȥһ׼Ǻ궼ûϢ
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̫үŰ͸ŵġ
ദǶ֪̫үĸıˣһ˶ڵĹ̫үϺ͹Ȱ̫үȥˣڴϣ̫үܾˣ׬ӣڰչġ
״ϼ̫ү߹̸ֹͣѵ˳
ҪˣҾͲشˣڰǵ㡣ʹˣһ̫ڡ
̫үӰһһصȷڣڰǵҲһģھ¥¾ɣչ˺Լؼġ
Ҳ˵ļǣڰˣֻͰ׼߽˵һɣǻġ
ɰο˹̫ү䣬ߵ˳ߡ
鲻Խס˹ɵֵ֣ı䣬۵İַŽ˻У۵ͷô䣬㻹ǸϽݡ
ɵůųһЦиůҾͻȥ֮ǰֻ²üˣҲڼ׼µ£Ҫչ˺Լǡ
ͷ̬ȳϿңҶãֻŶңҪչ˺Լȥһдţֻܺúڼҵ
ɵģѾڴߴʱˡ
ɰִӳĻó·ϿҪСһЩעⰲȫ
Ҫ뿪˶ӻĳ˴ӣʣµ˲תݡ
ɺ䣬վôãֽŶܱ䣬ɵлųе£ůϰ̫̾ࡣ
˭Ůô࣬ںлڼңƺҲ㲻ֻĵⲻõһǡ
˫ҪŵÿһЩ˵飬˵ҲǺ£ܲһӾôɹȥɡ
ֻҵˣҰⱲӾͰˣҲ°̾ģǶӼһЩǣٲãһӲޣҲ
⻰ģǰûǮˣȻҲˡ
˻µ£ʮҲʮĹ⾰һգ۱ȥˣЩԼûأĵ׼ûУ
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ο׼ˣȻ÷ģҲȢ£һţĸľ㹻ˣʱҲ˵ˣ¸ǰġ
ϱӹ¿Ⱳôˣƺһж㹻ˡ
𴽽ǣЦܵأǻµҾͲˣȹҩĵ£ǰû飬Ҳճֲ̣Ҳüӿٶȣ߷øغӣĥţ෢չ˳ȥչҩݣֻҪһʽ
֪ߵ⻹رڴ˴ڰҩݣչҩææܶ෢չ֣ǳչֳһЩ漴ɣһɺܶ಻˵ܰЧճֻѧҩݱǣɽ˵ԳΪԶҩĴ塣


577 벻

ÿ춼æȻϲ²ģϵȴ١
رչҩݵˣպ͹߶ģسǶһ飬תۼ͵˶¡
µʱ϶汼ߣÿնյżǱһж׼УҲţ˵һж׼׵ֻ޹ȥ
¶̧ͷҼһʼæµǴ£׼ѵȫֲҩݣǰݺ󶼲Ź
ҵ˶ˣȵչҩݵʱֻҪȥЩþͺãȻǰǩԼҪġ
ЩҵĶŵùģչ˼ĻˣЩҲģʱ˾ͺãֻҪ̫ɵ¡
ѾˣΨһľҪһĴСźЩڼţǲǲĶƮĵطȥˣ˵ϾҪ׵ˣͲΪ¶һ㣿
һ͵Ц
ɰеļùȥߵͿʼѣһ߻һ߲ʮأ²ôС϶ʡ
ϰһĹɣȻ֪ɿ
ƶһӵĴ£һ©ѴСϲʣ
Ʋ죬洫ļ˳ֻǴµҲ̫ˣҺذҴɣҶôᡣ
ЩΣǰ͸󴺳׶ǵļ¶򵥰Ǻɫĳȹ
أȫǴ岻˵õҲرãֻǴһεѣô˷ѡ
ǰճ˸ʽģ˵Ǵ˼ҵСޣʽ
ЦеǸһ㣬ⱲӰǵһμôÿļ£ʱ㴺һ˵ĸܼôÿļ£ǰ붼أһжӦõģ֪ʲôŮⱲӾһΣȻҪһ㣬һ㣬ûϵ޵ʱ̻ΪѾߺһȥҡ
ȻǳѾߣͱ˰ߣȷΪѾ߻ȥ
ߣ̱չģӦӦôȥ
üëͼƻ̸Ѽ£õģԺѹ׺ˡ
˵ţ
µ⴫㣬Ѿ뵽ݣ͵ȥ
ңɸϽ֮ǰѣ̸˳ȥ
һλУԼĪʮϺȲ裬վߵӣɻʶ֮ǰ⳥еһλ
ӣƺΪԺ뵽һ˵ַܡ
ôӦòɡ
ԺлĴһš
º͵ĶЦŵͷ֪к£
֮ǰҽСػǵ°ɣλҵĶҡ
һ̹μ˻ӡ
˻һЩ˼ô֪ݵģд˴񡣡
վ˼֮ǰһЩϢ֪˻ǰΪ£
ǲȷ˻ʲôʵϣ˫.ȶЩĹˣ˻ôݣѹ
˻ʾ£͵ͷ̧ͷˣ𾪵ģȫû뵽˻ӻôƫԶ
ɲλ˰˻ӵĶ档
˻ºһЦǶȥɣЩҪ͹˵
Ӵ̳ȥ˳ŰŸϣſڡ
һٶ֪鲻򵥣ɶ԰˻ӵĵǺ档
˻ᣬʼմźЦݣùһЩѹ
˻ӰеĲ豭£渵ǰҪּѾȥˣ߱һˣΪֵãͳЩº󣬱ܾ塣
һͳô£һĴҪˣ߱óҰѱҶԸľ档
͢˺ð£ǸӣǱϢ˵˻ӻˡ
ⶼӦģ̼֣Ҳ֪һжǴҴǵģΪսǻΪ͢ǣǶ뾡Լౡ֮
˻Ӻ͵ĵͷɵࣺʱҴһһҵ£ڸһҶǺһ˵ţ˶ǿģͺˣΪλôҶ㣿


578 һ

ܸһ𰸵ģһʼΣڸӵӶùһḶ́ߵһ治ס
̹һЦǴҴһʼҰɣү֪ܲĺǰҶԲů׬ǮĻȻŹŴ׬ǮˣǴôҵԭɣʵҵ뷨ܼ򵥵ģֻҪܳԱů¾㹻ˡ
ЩһүǰǾԲ˵ģҲǰү
үͬ˵ĺεĵȷܳԱܴů£ѰһǸмΪ飬æ֪֮ĶԹҲôŬΪΣةǱ㲻õģʲô鱾мֻϣҺ㽫ܶΪ£⡭Ҫӡ
˵ҪӰ˻ͦ˼ģϾһֻ̼֣ͨ˵һЩǣǿҪӣӹϵش
һɻĿŰ˻ӣûװ˻˵⻰ʲô˼
뻹ҪҵҲϵġ
Ůûװү˼
ү̾ϢһӦ֪ةĹְôģͬ͢˵ǲͽֻ˵飬ةĹְҲǸȥģ缸ա
û뵽飬ְǻӹôֲˡ
ĿŰ˻ӣûôص顣
͢˽Ĳ࣬Ҳſʼ˽һЩֻƽͷգĶǱĶҪεģҲܴģ԰ү˵Ķ̫ˡ
ү˹еɻ󣬿ЦһһܾΪʲôǲǣ˵ΪսҵĹϵʲѸ˰ӵͷϣ͢к̰ܶЩ̰صöܺãة࡭
еˣѵ˵ةֻǻ׳ȥһն
ЩˣةĴԤʾŸܵĿʼЩҪְˣֻ¶ô׬Ǯ١
뵽ܿĻǰգ̾Ϣһǰꡣ
˻ӲδǺͬ˵ûô˵ܿǰգֻһ˭棬֪һҺ壬Ҳ۸ǣԸֻͦһأ󡭡Խ˵ԽЩ˵ȥЩ»治ͨ˺Ͱܲġ
Ѿ˻ӵ˼ˣ˼Ǻ֪ôӦүġ
˻дž壺ÿһ
⻰ʱȣҪ֪һҲ׬⻹õ꾰ҪһҲһˣֱӴӦһǰ˻˵ӦˣȻðա
ȻԸһȻûģԸһҲ˼˻Ӱĳһᾡﳯ͢ǣǱҺܵģ˻Ӧ֪˵ɣةΪͻȻóô˻ˡ
ĵľңʵϳҾ̻ǻһЩٵģЩ˶ܺƣôΨһֻةһңҲЦúܣΪ
˻͢󳼹˿ܣ׿ةı£һ͹ةһġ
˿ܵ±Ҳڵ飬һһ֪ǵһĶóҰȻةҪҲûǸ¡
˰˻ӵĻɰˣһǳװˡ
֮ǰة࣬˰˻ӵĻİˡ
һ£һҲܷة磬ةʲô£᲻ǣһңҵ¸һˣֿʼ
Ǻù٣ҪةǣǾǰյʧˡ
һԶ߿һۡ
˻ЦЦ㰲ģҪʲôҲǣˣ˵ĺܶԣǺù١
ûдð˻ӾȻ뿪ȥ̵֮ȶˣ̱ڵš
ūˣ˻ӾȻˡ
ɿһ̣վһŵò˵µ֪ͺãĪҪȥ˻ģ˵̫֪˳ȥ֪ɡ
һΣգҪˣɲܳ¡
վԱӵſڣɵĻˣҲЩ𾪣ùһˣȻôΪλɽ塣
Ⱑǹҵٹ⣬Ҳǿɽٹ⡣


579 

ȥ϶ҵۣ˻ӲһңҲǿɽܵġ
˳Ժӵ˶ѻסˣ˭Ҳðѷ˵ȥʲô¿ɲܵġ
˶ͷ֤
üͷܸо۵ûţҲ̫ţ˻ҲϲǨŭ˵ˣϼоϲ£СΪ
ʮͳˣҲŽ
뵽ϯֿʼģϯôƻģƻ˶
֪ףһܶ࣬ʱɲ١
ЦеģоģЩҶ׼ˣϯһϯͱˣдĲŲأֻܰĵĵҰָԺ׬Ǯء˵̲סЦԸŮܼ޸˼ңֻǵĵ¡
мƻ׬ǮĻ᲻˴ҵģµȥҴ峤ȳˡ
˵һ̵˳ȥѹϷӦʱ䡣
ڼʵ̫ˣҲΪȥҴ峤һɢɢġ
´Ӻ׷˹ɡ
˲һһֱӱȥ
ʱȥӱɢǵѡ컹Щ䣬ɾȥһߣƺֻŻһ㡣
º͹һദʱ࣬ԺӵʱͿ˹ɵĽš
ĵΪҪˣнô
׵ʱҲţʱһ뵽ҪȢˣԺһͽŵ˯
ҡҡͷͳѾϤˣǰ㣬ڳǰ϶ֻ»֮ҹ֪һĳ࣬ͳһദʵʵġ
ȻΪ׶ţΪ׽ţΪֲǲ֪жԣ֮ǰǰճߴģ
˵ͻȻЩ˵ȥˣΪûһػڻûҪ߾һֱ߶
ֺǺȰ˵ⶼΪã˵Ǵ£˵ҹϵˣⲻû˵ģʮȫʮòġ
ĵ̾Ϣһ֪ôˣȴûıҪ׻ҲСҲûʮӡ
˲ȥˣЩҲûã˻Ǳߵ£治ҶˣҲͿԼȥֻ
뵽һµĿܣһҺͷ˿йᣬ֮ǰķ˿Ҳģŵ겻Գ֣мҲģѳˣȻһΣ
ԽԽǿôȻôôģ겻ңʵһȺ˿˳֮󣬱ʧӰ٣ٵҲ̫ƽˣҲûб̷
о¶͸һӹ죬мٲҵӰӡ
¼վںӵ̱Ҳ˵Ҳһֱû䣬ĵʲôɴ͵ӣĹɺ˼ʲô
ɻعˣҡҡͷûʲôǻǻȥɡ
ϵʱ򣬹ϴһˣǳӱġ
صдţд˰үŰݷõ£˵õģҵ֧š
֮꣬ǵشԭ߹غԶԲδһսӰĺۼյĸ˰ȻˣҲܳܵķΧڣǰΪΰյĸ˰أ߹صսùľ϶뵽һó͢ǰóӯ⣬أةٻʮʮɲСĿҪǳӯ⵹ҲǲģҲΪһӦеĹˡ
ةǸˣü˵ֶ˵£˵ˣةнգǶթҵĽ
պãڵĴһ껨һƽǲлϵһ㱣ϣңڷ˿ܾ͸ģҲǰǸֻĳңļҶɱѰĹٲ
뵽ѹͷĴʯͷûˣֱˣһŲܱ
ŽݣϺ͹£ֺѾ˼ңͷ޶ˣ⵹Ǻѵõĳ档
Ѿ͵ȥˣȥˣԺǱѾΣܵѧϰ
ѩһȥģҲ֪Сһϰ߲ϰߡ
˵ʲôϵ·鼫õʵ
Ϻ͹¶ı飬̽ʵʲôĵ𣿼㿴źϵЦѹס
Ҳѳдŵ˵һ飬ĩ˵֪ͺãҪ˵ȥ
֦пܸߵľǣǸɤӣ֪Щֻ˶֪˶ӣ˭֪ʲôõİ취˭Ҫߡ


580 ӭ׶

һգ۾͵˶ʮߣһ˶æɱò֡
ľһһͽ˴ӣȥڴӽҲһһͽ壬ϼƻһοʮֳοϯ
Ҫܶ࣬ڵСֶƽ˳ӡ
ɽ˶ӹ˳źãͷ죬ͻϲ
ղ꣬ȫ԰ˡһֱڹ죬ȷ᲻ꡣ
Ѿ׼εˣҲӰǻĺѩж˼ٻˡ
޴úϲˣš
ѹֲסЦݣԸֶŮǴϲ¡
ɱкţš
кģһ鿴š
ƲĹɾ̲סЦһ£Ĺأͷһǲܼİ˵ģ㲻ܻ˹زǡ
ͻȻЦôˣûк˵ʲô
֪ڶչ׷󣬶˹ϵӦнչ
˲ˣɬϲأô˵ҵˡ
֮ϵѾ˺ܶ࣬ر𿴵ԶãҲû֮ǰôǿӲˡ
Ůҵ̬֪ϷȰ˵ϵģҲϲ㣬ƹҲ⵽ˣǰһҪȰأҲŵԵ˼ңľ˵ȫƣҲ֮ͬ㻹жĵģ㻹ᣬܲΪлǸ⣬һӰɡ
Ȱ˵Ҳҵһùޡ
ǳ̾Ϣһ֪ǺˣҲҵһŮ˻һӣļͥҲܸʵİ
Ա飬ʱͦĽҲԭΪˡ
ɰһ˵ʲôʲʵģұݾ㹻ˣ˵ۼҲҪǣమҪĶŬ㿴Һͽŵ𣿲һһˡ
˵ŬҵľǱȲóҰŬһӶȲϳңʲôϵأһҪ
ûڵĺʱҲ˿ڵ˵ĺŵԲҪģؼϲ壬Ҳİ㣬˵ˣɵı㣬ɿǳٷˣҲ
˵еĶ׿ŵ˵ȷ䡣
ͷĵֻûһƲأ»ǣԶܺãһ
ļοǸãԼӶԴҲûиңлǻһӶ
ҲעлһңΪչҩݵʱ򣬴ҶһңԱ˼ӶùʱлһɺǰһҪȢϱʮ綼֪лһҵĵУûԸ˵ý˵Щй˼ҶԶԶţɷĹ1Ʋлһҡ
ȥӳʳϣ˵Ҳˡ
Źӵҵһˣ˴æڣ˵һ޵Ļӭ׵Ķ쵽СˣǱҲðһ¡
·ϵ飬ǰʹӰǳˣƺƵһȺˣӭ׶·ĵطܶ˵Ŀ⡣
Ȼģһ·ЪϢֻҪӶǮϲǮմϲ
ǽһ⼸նһ˷ܵ״̬һ뵽ҪѹȢؼңѹֲס¶Цݡ
ظųһģǺʱɾò棬˵ûʲôģһߣȻҪԭǰ׼Ҳȥ˴ӡ
׼ǹɵĸ磬϶ǰ׼
ؿ˳üۣȤͱЦˣӰǳϵЦûͣСЦ˵ʱЦ
һ۳ص֪ģȻȡЦҡ
Ʋ죺ҲôΪ˰㣬ɩһ϶ģô˸ֲܺһʱֻš
Ҳܺãܼ׼ӭӹȥңһˣԽԽġ
ס޵ĵط׼ˣ󴺰ҩúʰ˳ϵһЩ˺Ѷʰ˿ӣ׶Ϣһڶһӭס
ɺͳʮ綼֪飬϶˲١
֪ɼҿϯһʱ΢ԶһĴ׼ء
ϵʱ磬˷ˡ


581 ϲ

һ˱źܺãΪԶһһȥҪʱ䣬ѡɼյʱͷ˲˼ѡȽٽӣһʺϹ߰ϲɼգһʺϳҰϯɼա
ͷĹԳĺܣԽԽϲ
һ㶫˶ǿܵġ
ùãеšƽʱԹɻһ㣬Īľýš
ǹˣһЦοţͺƽһͺã̫ˡ
Ľ͹ɣ˳ǰôദ˵Ҳమ֪ԼȢʲôˣ޵ʲôˣǰʱ
ѹͲ֪ԼҪ޸ʲôˣҺܺá
ǽţĶճˡ
þûˣû߶Ұ˿̵ĳӡ
ЦøãȤû߶ء
ӽţ˫ǲ˼飬һܾŵӡ
Ҳˣһ۵⻰Ҳţ춼߶㣬мһͬ˵˵˵׺ɾǳˣǲ̫ۣѾͷأ̫ƽ⣬ܶʱԸԼ࣬ҲҪοڼϣҪúչ
۹ɣһСѾͷһң滹ôйǰҲ̫ʵһҾӪ֪ɷ˶ľ
޸ֻϣܹһ㣬ĪҪʲô鶼ԼϿ
ú棬Ҳ棬ɳ˶ٿнա
ùðһչ˺ɣίҲ̫۵ġĩֵѾ˳ˣҲҪ̫ѣҲס
Ȼù̫࣬ԸϱԸۡ
⻰͵֪ͺã˵ǹұȲǳңǶɣҪίǿɲ㡣
ַǷĸ˶æڴӵĸ˶˺üϯһɲСϯҺڴ
һ춼ڱڣϲױ˵˳׵ʱҪע£Ūùһͷ˶ġ
ɶ˷˽ݣϺЦǲҲţ
Ǽȫûյ侲˿겻ġ
ͷŵûУеͷ裬Ǳ߶ź˰ɡ
źˣϽԵ㶫ϾͿϯˣ˿һЩһࡣ
Ĵ߱Ƚ׽ˣô£ɽߵĹأŮ߳ԵͷϺ͵ڶϡ
ϯĶݣﶼմ״ʵģҲʮˡ
ɺкº㿪ʼ
һӣЦ߽ӣҸǴóԵˡ
˵űӷϣҿĺ첼һ±кİڷ
±㣿ɲĿŴ
ºһЦǱߵĹأɽûϰףϾͿʼ±ģŴˣϽһ㣬ζΡ
ÿӼһ飬Ž̲סۣܺóԣҺŴ
ĺúóԣǶϽһкŴҳԡ
ҲһСڼҶûóԣҳջû裬ͦóԡ˵á
૵һСӵڼˣ㰡ҰŮ񿴵ˣĵ׻ͦ᲻ãȥ˰Ҫѧչ˺Լ
ۿЩ죬뵽ĺãģܣڼҲҪչ˺Լʱһǵġ
˺ü䣬ת뿪
ϽӣۿҲЩ죬᲻á
ĵҲ˲ãϽʱҲ̲סˣĸŮһǲá
Թϲ㿴ôˣɱˣ
ҲȰ˵ĸŮ˵˺þõ强
˱˿ʼϯ͸ŷ϶һۣ֡
һ.ҹûô˯ţ֣ܳ˺ܶ඼ûȥ˯Ǿڻ˵ЦһֱŹɣϾҪˣŻȥϢ
ʱ֣ϲžŽӣ𴲾Ϳʼ棬űױһڵ
ϽӣȻǿ޹۾ĵٹʱӭ׵Ķˣʰ˾ͳԵ㶫˵һҪ·ϵҲڣǳԲ˯ã׵ҲźˣùûԼҪȥź;ĸҲҪţѾߣҲ׶ذǡ


582 ӭ

׼һֱæӣױ̨ǰѾױãϴЦȻҾͱȥÿ
ǰǷݸͷˣֻѹɵÿڵܰأⱲҲֻͳһ
ɳŰ׼΢΢ͷȻҿܻеأһѵͲ١
ѵͻ˺ܶ˼ϲҲõĳУѹƶʮأͷϵͷҲǴģѹͷҲǳġ
׼ţЦұ㡣
Ҫ˵᲻ùɳ޵ıǹһ뵽Ժǳҵϱˣܵúܡ
ҵأɲĵʵ쵽ڶûһ˶ˣΨһֱû֡
׼صɵڷأⲻǳ޺Ͳ׻ˣ㣬һ뵽ԺǱ˼ҵˣвš
ҲãĿŰ׼ȥͬҵ˵һᾭġ
ͼһһһǹϲģϾ⻹ļңΨһһȥ˳Ҫؼҵġ
Ѿ½ӵӭ׶ѾˣҲҪȥǣȥͼױģСҲȥء
еɢ˲٣Ϊһ·ϻįһ·ֵú
ˡ
׼ææĽʱˣ׵ҲϽ׼׼ϾҪˣڼױЩҲװˣ񵥣ȱϻΡ
ɽ߶Ҫ米ϻΣû׸ø綼ԣҪܶ࣬׼һԸҪɳޡ
ŰôҪͷϡ
ϲŰѺͷɸϣûǸͷƿǹأǼҪˡ
ҲЩɻ䣬Ӧ
׼ŹɾͳţźͷĹɿȴҵܿ
ٴˡ
Χ۵˶Ц
Ϻ͹ǲã۽ǵˮҲ
׵˺ܶ࣬һһں棬·;ңԶױҲͼޡ
·;ֵģ˵ɺͳ棬׵˶࣬һ˵ЦҲ֡
ڶҪױɾܾˣȥǻյ·̣źͷҲһ˵
С
ֵúܣһǷ˺ܶ˼ģϷϷǴϯ
ǰϲҲ࣬ŭˮǱߵļӶˣǰЩߣܶ඼⡣
һ̼Ҳźϲ˿ϯȴ٣ֻǣǷֿģһϯ컨Ҳ١
ɸ֮ܵĶ
·ϻûýţ˰˲ͽˣúǳӣҵٷˣһ˳µģĵ׶һ˿ڴ
׵˰ڳס£һڶ󣬱ǰá
׵ǷģرǴ˼ҵڣϲ֮ǰ˵úףʲôʱôһһͿˡ
̷֮Źɽ˷䡣
棬ϵЦѹѹסүҲһϲ
һϵɫûôÿˣȢʱ򣬶ûôأû뵽СӵǷһء
ʲôõģһѾͷˡһ䣬еĲ¶ɡ
һλ⻰΢΢üϲ˼ҵĴϲӣҹҲǣȵϹɵĹмҲҼһӲʶɾͺˣϱҲϲ
ƺ͵Ҳ֮ǰ¹ڻҶĲΣһˣһǴģ
ܸлɣ¥ˣҹɸ˲ٽ飬ӱǰùˡ
йЩ£һ˿ûǸ
ͳЩ£ֵء
ĵ׸̹ҲǺͿˣһѾͷƽϣҶϱҿɲһҫ˼Ҫ̫ԣȻԸûɫЩǰҪ԰һµġ
ƺ͵ͷҲԶ˾ǣ֪һԶ᲻˵һԶɡ
ӶƺǱ֪һЩԶ£ĵҲЩ˵ģ˼ѹƲŵ̬ȾͿóû˷С
أǵֺá


583 ʹ

˵ɫһЩԶǺʲôӵģҲ̤ʵȻܵͣǿ϶ģǲ֪һλȥʲôطְƢȻԵһ㣬ԶϲҲТ˳㿴ϵӣ͸ҵء
ƺ׿һӣӿͦãһ۾ܿƣ˵ر࣬һӵļֵʹۿۡ
ֿһ۲ԶϴŵӣһοĽúأӲӺãûһ覴ã˵ǹóѡġ
˭ҵϱãѹҪ˵һ˵ɵģĶЩޣϼ˭Ҳũҳ˵үүһҲׯ˼ңȴƲ
װ׵İһκõԵ͸˳ңȢ˹ɣԺֻǰ;
ȻҲԸ׽ңϾҺǶμҶ˼ңദҲȽǢ
ηºЦЦ㵹иҼƺͰ˲Ҳա
к˲٣һȦܺ󣬵Ѿͷĺãȸ֦ͷ
˵ŻأͻȻֺģֵúܡ
ʥּ洫Ժе˶ޱȡ
ʥּôʥּ
˶ɻȻҶȥԺ
үһº͵վһԣϴЦ⡣
һǰү˶ˣϽǰ
үºͣףùֱϲƺȣ㲻ҷɡ
и˶λүæүԣүʱӭôү
үһЦˬʵȰ°ˣּ
ڴʱɸźүҲ̲˳ͳһ
ˣʵگԻʹͳҽʮƥһԣɺڼһʹҶմˡ
ʥּܳɵͷֻܿ棬˿ҲܸܵµļĵȻҲǼģҶԺͲ۸Ӳҡ
л¡ꡭ
˶ͷҲ̲뿪
ǳҹӵĴϲ֮գϰүʥּڣһʱ֮ҷúܣǰͽﲻ
˺ͳүһͬһĶǰͷˣϰүһ˺з˵Ŀģоûôˡ
ʳ˹ʺˣȴ֪ⱳڰæ
ηϵЦݸӲãĶˣһֱʾãĵװ˵޴һô˼ֻҪ˶֪Ϊ㣬ȻˣΪλҪȥùͷֲǴ֮ˡ
Ϊɵ飬һֱڻδ̫Сһ㡣
˷ŸɧԱߵķҲǷӦ
ԺС
Ѿϴһӣûôĺɫϲͷԡʱûбȡ£Ļ˵ǣӵĺͷֻɲȡ¡
ʱһȥڴϵĹпʼĵ׻Щɬ֮ǳҵٷˡ
ͳҲ޳ļ¡
콥ˣ̺ʶȤ뿪ӡ
һЩƣ˱ȽҪĿ֮󣬽С
ΣĹɣĵһ󼤶ôáԺɱӣ˭Ҳˡ
Ŀɣ˹ɵߵ𣿡
ˣһ·ɢܣǰûʱôѰһγߣܺͳ˵棬尾顣
΢΢ͷɵЩˣǡǾЪϢ
˵⻰ͶˣҲҺøŸͷȻһطȥ
ĵů
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬̱㻶ϲصĽУɬ˴ͭѾͷ
Щˣڻ¶̹
Ⱦ˺İײߣˡ
ǾӵվڹԱߣ᣺ױҲܺÿġ
ͭһ۳ͭУЦøӲá
ױãǾȥ밲ϲɽߵģʱĹġ
ɡšһ˰үѯʵʥּͽУҲ֪үûеɡ
֪Ҳᵡ̲סһ䡣
ӹѾе̿ʣѹɵתǰ̿ĸɻü
ûеүߵʱܿģǹȥǱߡ


584  밲

˷٣˲һˣس죬Ǻȫһĸо
ѡһ֧Ƕ챦ʯĽɲϣҲѡͬɫϲ졣
ͭ˺ü飬ֻЩ¡ˣҲˣҡҲ֧˿ӺݻⲢϲķ
֧ҡȡ½ͺˡ
ЩԸҡͦÿİǳҵٷˣ̫ܲؾˡ
ǾǰŹǳٷˣ˫۾ţ̫ᱻЦ
ֻЦЦֲں˿˵Ҫ͵һЩ̫ˣҲ֪ж˫۾ǣӦúЩ۾ǾϣǷǲڹؼʱӰ˵ˣһ֧ҲᰡƽճԺüˡ
ǰЩصΣΪ޽˳ңΪŻ
һٷأڷôãѵ˲ڱˡ
ǾùܺãؾҲ䣬ֻҪһ۾;óء
ߣֻҪϲͺãվѾߣɲӵ뷨
ֻйɣܹôϲϲô綼ã㶼ġ
Ļۣж¶Ľ飬ôĵӣⱲӾ㹻ˡ
ɺĿžеԼվųֵȥ밲ɡ
ߵԷ
үͳѾĵţ˺ͳү϶εЦݣԿ˿˶ܿġ
ĵ̵ģ˹ɺͳݹĲˮ˰һľӵݸ˹ɣүֱóһ˱
ɿ˱˲侪ĿųүѾʲô˼
㻹ԶܼⰡǷȨء
˼밲һЩүˣֱ˱Ӧ˱
ү̯ӵɽˮˣʲôģг͹ɾͰˣǰǲߣǰͲߡ
̹ϵҳҪǣ㽻㽻ʵһҺѾȥһȦˣͰ״򸾶ԼˣЩ˱㶼š
ҸǼĺӳɲţʡģɺͳ˵ı⡣
ҲһЦ⣺Ҳӣ½һԵ֣ҲòģҶˡ
֪ɻæϵ£ϵ£̫ˡ
ɻǺϣүͳжصɰꡣ
͸Ÿмллİţֻܰĳȥ棬е½Һͽͺá
˵ųףڳҲôʱ䣬һжϤûĸо
ģƼ˰Ѳ趼ˣеźһ˵أѾѲ辴ˣɩɩղ𣿡
˸˳һ۵Ѿͷʲô»飬ʲô㣬ĪҪɩӡ
»飬۵ʱ򣬳ղŹɿɲã˲˽أǺ˽ģֻ»ùɲð
Ʋ죬ίҾôİģɩӵġ
ųһһɩӺţڡ
㻹ǽҽ㣬ѾϰˣͻȻɩܸоڡ
ҲϰߺɩӣҪǵİֱӺˡ
ϲ˰ǽҺģԺɱ˵Ҳء
˵һ۳أҪˣ㿴㻹ûӣ¥ǱҲʱȥһ׼һչôҲۡ
ں֪㣬ѹȢ˼ңҲҵһɾ˵׼ĺܣԽԽϲ
˵׼ҵرã˺ܺðֻҪԳغһо͹ˣòЩǴҪġ
үҲҪѧѧɣۼûôأ׼һ࣬ҲöһЩǡ
عɵĴӦҲ׼ôۣζ¥ã֪ζ¥ǳصļױ֮󣬰׼ģ԰ζ¥ľӪ˵Ǿľ
ڳﻮȥĵط¥룬б°Ѱǵİζ¥Ӫˣô׼ͿȥĵطˣͻԽԽ
˼ȡĸԣ˵ӹˣҲΪ롣
裬һһ˷ŹɻԺӡ
»飬Ȼٯٯʱ򣬳ѾǶ뿪Ժӣ͹ɵദ


585 

ҪţΪȽԶһȥҲʽˡ
ɺͳ˱߱棬·϶ൢղŻؼҡ
ɽֵúܣɻţܶ˶֣Ǻӡ
һӣɾǹ۽ǳԣͳԺӡ
ڻ֪ͨˣԹ͵ţҲˡ
һˣ溬Цݿˣܾ˽ͯŮһԡ
溬ЦݣһĿŹɵڴǻҲ֪ҪòŻشӣҶڵš
ҲɺͳϾ»飬ҪҲӦõġ
ϽǸﵣˡ
ˬһЦֻҪƽͺãһжðɡ
˵֪Ҳʲô£ٻǻᵣġ
ҷ˵һ˻ϵĴͷ⣬ҲڱֽţԺҲΪµˡ
ϳһ֪£ƽͷգ˭Ĺټұ֣οôĹ١
ǸôŬûа׷ѣĵõġ
ʵֵˣҲֻʵʵ⣬Ҳûĳұǰ˾ء
ʱүͳڸһȦҲȷ˺üҪĺ£ø˸м
˺ܶ࣬뵽ܶԳ֣ĵǿʯͷˡ
ͻһЦŬû׷ѣ˵»ǻֻҪ׬Ǯ󶼻Ҳƶӣ֪жࡣ
һžҸģ̸ȫ˵ķˡ
֪һ뿪󣬿ܻܳһʱ䲻ѼⶼӪЩѹġ
ԣȴһʱŹɺͳȥƫ
ĵ׵ĵ˵һ飬еεĿŹɡ
ɣôģ
֪˹ĵģ侲һӦô¸;˾˰㣬ҪŴ¸
ᣬͷԣ֪Ųе⣬Ը£ȥ
֪ɵ˼˳ƵԶ࿼һ£ҩֻҪƺãܶٶ·̤ʵأæ԰ѱȽҪ½¸ɿһʱ䲻ܻʲô֪ͨһҲãдҲãһҪ֪
ǰͶѻһЩ飬ϳ׺ҲûʼȻصǺҪȥһ˾ǣɾ͵ڼдϵ¡
Ҫشӿܾ͵õϺü£İߵ齻òС
͹ɣæҶ⣬Ҳᷢʲô£ôأҪʲôҲܴãھ͵⣬شϢѾ߼չˡ
Ǻ£Ҳ֪ҩˣǻ£οµôŵùǵȻǣŲǵģ˼Ҳ˵߼չҲ۰Ͱ͵ȥڸ߼£Ҳ·ϣǰг۸վˣҪ˵߼۵£㲻ҪԼԭ򡣡
Ĳһֱã͵ý̤ʵأͶȡɿܻȥĶݵʤ϶ǲġ
һ׵ԣ˼ǣЩ˳Ÿ߼չҲҪ߼չô죿
κ˶ģ׬Ǯ˭Ը⻨ô˼Ȿֻȥͷ㿪ʼ߼ۣҲ̫ãȱҲпܷȴʶϵʱǵ㵽ͷˣֻ̤̤ʵʵͺãõЩµġ
ˣȻ˵Ŀġ
ͣһ½ŵиЩ˲翿ɽ帽飬˴˼ҲԶôģЩֻڸɢϢ˵˼ɣҩҴ඼ʶڸգһһµġ
³װˣģһҲǳİˡ
뵽һµĺӶû飬˼ǣҪڿɽһ˽ӣ͸ɵԺҲһʱ䣬һѸӵĺӶֻҪԸģ޳ô顣
ǳүôϢҲͬƻ
ĺӴ಻ʶ֣ҪԿҪӺù͵öѧϰ
֪鲻ʶжԿҲã˰״򣬲ȻⱲӶ
¾鷳ˣҲϣܶѧ֪ʶ


586 س

û뵽ү뷨˵ģĽЩˡ
Ҫǰôõĺ˰һ£ҲôͷҲᵽڶʶ֣ƽǲʲôӴʱ򣬲ŸожԿ
˼Ҳпżǻʧ䡣
һϵģ׼Ҫȥ棿ȵͿúˣǰǵðѷ׼á
ڷ˺ôһᣬҪϺ˳ȥƻҪ˵һᡣ
ڼд죬ɺͳ׼ȥˣ˶еƼĸо
ĲܺǳˣȢˣᵣġ
׼˺ܶϲԵ⣬ȫϣ˺һҪ˻ţҲ̫ˣҪҪ
ϵ֣ЦﰲģҪкҿ϶֪ͨ㣬ǱҲġ
ںԺһжã˲һصͯţѩжһҲϰԺ
֪ڰǺãҲ˲ٵܵƢеֻܽѵĸǲߣһжġ
̲סȤҪҰˣ㲻Ұɡ
ӣ۰ģƽܲ־;֣Ǵûġ
һ۹ɵ治ˣһ㡣
ĸһᣬǱѾ׼Ķ׼ʱҲˣɷ޶ٴθǣ
λƵĳ˴ӣɿڳĻУľЩһˡ
ǰɽļļңȴң˳ҵĶϱ
˵ĻؼңԶǿɽļңǳҡ
׾͸ܵ˹ɵ仯΢΢Щǣǲ᲻ã
Ҳ֪ô˵ͦܵģһеܣ˵ܣȻȥȥǣѾǵ˳ѵļҶһοóˣ˵ǲ֣أ˿ܵٷͲˡ
ӳӷ˿й󣬾һֱҶΪľԱ
뵽ĶʮҶģһε£ҲôˣʮλҶǾģܺãЩӳķ˿ܺúܶ࣬ЩҶǹ¶ʲô£ηηβ
׳˼ⲻõ𣿡
̾ϢһǱƲѵ£ǰͬ˵ˣжģҶԸӦòε£Ҳ鴦һЩüĿ֮ǰǷ˿ͷѾ뿪ҵƿأƹһ˿ܵһλӣţͷй˾ٸһֱڼãҶСĵġ
ⲢһϢڹɿǰķ˿ͷӺöԸܶ࣬µķ˿ͷӣ˭֪ᷢʲôʣ΢΢üϣة಻ٶǼְɡ
¾ǳеĸܵúܡ
ȥ·ûе飬кܶҪҲ鲻ڵһȦЩԺ¡
ص˸ǻϲúܣʹϯ׼˺ܶϲԵĲˡ
سŴ˵ʱŹȥһԵͤЩࡣ
ųصģҲо˲Ծ
ĵأǲǳʲô£
ټأţرܿǣ˵²ͬ˵
ҿһۣȷûߺǱ£ǰȥׯƹͬ˵Ҫףʱǲ뷨ô־ûõĴӦóȻš
֪£ʱѯ˼кøУô˵ףҪȥ飬Ӱ춬
˼Ƭ̵ʲô˼
ҲʣȥʺЩ
غôϤ
һʣ˼¿ٳɡǺġ
Ҫ£ƹһҶܺƣ᲻ȡֵģлһңǸּһļͥá
࣬ؿڣĪõ֪Ǹŵġ
Ҳ֪ǲˣ˶ºԣֻҪһ˵˵ý£ĵúܡ
˲ˣͳ˵һЩ˽ܻ˳
¹µĳһɫۣ棬Զº͵Цݣ崺硣
ôܳˣߵʯ£ӵĿųأһ¾֪ڵ


587 ˵ý

ֺõĸһȲҺͽЩҪ˵㲻ŵʲô֡
Թ˵һֵҪȥ˰ɡ
£һȲҪȥˣ֮ҪɵĻĪҪǰأصҲóеһ㣬ΪҪ޳ȥһͬûϵ
Ǻصĸı䣬ǰ̫ˡ
ͷ֪ˡ
ɼĶ죬ҲС
˿ɫŹһЦʱˣǲҪȥˣ
˼һûأǰô˵ðɡ
ҲɬͲܵһȣһлҪ˵ء
֮󣬳ԽԽˣųصô˵ءĵĺɬ
ڶһ뿪ˣҪͣûá
һϣɻ۵ģ»ҪмȻض˵
˯̽ź򣬵ȵãѯʵ˶ټҶߣ
еļҶϣͺ³
ѵõļҶˣӻƸõʦʦٷ˰ȫˣλʦŮӣٷҪҪһ
û뵽ģһů
һɣҲôһ𡣡ʦһ㶼ܣ෴ڴʦĳ.
ҵģҪǰǲҪֻӶܡ
ܵСһЩΣա
̸ϽȥһʹλװŮӣλŮͶԼĪʮңЩ׳ʵһ֪ӡ
Ц˵ǽԼɡ
һλɫװŮӺҽк
һλɫװŮӣҲһһ۵ҽкǽá
ɶ˵һӡܺãº͵͸ˣʱ컹סһԺӰɣصвǱžҪλˡ
мҶҲлصҲõİȫ⡣
ҪѲ⣬ҪţҪˡ
˵ʱ棬ҲϲЦ֪ˡ
ʾȥȥ˳˵Ժӡ
ŽԷ״ͳүƺżмȰ˵
Ǻˣƽ˶໥ǫã»ǵһӣͼүһŰɫӣࡣ
״˵ӲڣҶˣ㻹壬ʲô˼Уһ˵ʲôҲ塣
үҾͻһΣҪǲһҾˡ
״ߺһ˾ˣһѣҿɲˡ
˵³ү֣һͷվ󣬸ϽùǲҪƷǲǸӲڣҶˣˣ
˿̵İ״Ǹ״ĺӣùݸ
ǰЦͱΪˣʱ˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǣ㲻壬Ūôࡣ
ү˼ҲˣͱˣҲô
̲סЦʵǿԶأܻ壬˶ԴҶá
˵ССԽԽСү̳߳ƣһؼ˶ˡ
״ǰҲϲǫõˣҲƽϣӡ֤һ仰˶ǻġ
״Ѻɫӷ¨ˣǳȥˣ˵ͷŭˮӵһʮĴ㣬ɇNɪˣǰɪˡ
ү̷ӣߣȥ㡣
뵽ŭˮǱߵʯţϽҲҪȥŭˮһˣһȥɣʱˣǾͲסؼҴˡ
үһĥȥŭˮҪʱ䣬һһȥҲõ㣬ҪǱϢһͲͬˡ
ͬĵǾǱסһͲŵ㡣
˲ڣԸڼУʰһ󣬳үа״Լһȥŭˮӡ
ŭˮѾԶԶľͿŭˮϣæµĳɿڱ⡣
񷤵ǶؼҴˡ
ǹˣǶ˰
ٷ˰λǣһλ곤ʵ
ɸϽһЩӹ
Ҫӣһʲôط
֮ǰŵ齻ڸ˽ŵȻ֪ʲôط
뼸񷤣ĳ԰ߣڶ԰أ⺢̤ʵ棬Ź޺ˡ


588 Žչ

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޺ˣǾͲܳˣûӰ죿Ҫ˽һЩģܲܶ˼ҵĻ·
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кõѡ˭ԸŴҲˣûŵ飬ҲŲ˶õĴ׳СŴҲǰ취׬Ǯúܡ
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ÿ˶ܸмأرǹɺͳǴˣﶼƹΪ
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߼ӺʺֲҩݣҲĴұѡ
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үЦһι̵ĳš
״ҲˣСӣȻѰ
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ܶ࣬ҩݵ鰲źˣżӦѯ£һ⣬ô鶼ˡ
ǵڶһ磬ͳүа״˵һԸµ㣬ǻص˰ǡ
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ׯܺãÿⶼůΪǵ¿ڰУǮ˼ҵķС㣬µĿʽ
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589 

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590 

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Ǻûȫе飬ڳȥǰ취ڰ
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591 ı

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ôһֱаԶıԶϲϲڵĹְߴߣԶڲԺһġ
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΢΢üĪҪ˵ԶҲԼ뷨˵ûվһҲûվةǱֻ߰Ǻһ㣬ϲͷ°ˣЩϲ˵֪˳Ǽ£Ҳûк֣˵ǵġ
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ͷɱͻȻϲóͷ˶ھϲ֮Уȫû뵽ͻȻϺӡ
ǰ˵ˣӵԶǿ󡭡Ŷð
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592 

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˺һһڹߡ
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ԵĶ¶΢Ц㰲ڴϣͷԸѾȥ򣬶ˣǱˣڿǵȻῴ


593 

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񣬹ɼȻԸǾͲɣҲʲô˵顣
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ܿϢǰĵǸô죿ΪɶԳļӣóɾ裬ȴ˻Ӹһ뿪Ƕֻǲ֡
Ů˴ûֻһֱûҵᣬòüıóɾ裬ȴ˻Ӵ
ةжһܵúܣһǸҶ𣡰˻ʲôӵѵ㲻ţЩ޴⡣
˵û˼ǲɰ˻֪ǵˣȻôų뿪
Щ£Ǽ±Ϊ֪ҲΪʮˣȻڹϷ
ةƺһӦò֪ģ֪ճ֮ҲôˣͲҵùΪԭ򡣡
֪˹ɻе£Ҳ꣺ЩԶʲôˣֻҪһõͽڶ㿪
ؼʱ̣Ҫ֧֣˵Ǻܹģ˵ڰְһͬܶ඼ڳ֮͢С
ֻҪ£ΪˣҲһЩ
Զÿһζڻر⣬˿ʾ


594 

˱ŪýͷöԶ£ʱͲˣ㵱ҪѡԶѡһҲԶá
Ҫ˵£ǲģͲסϲԶֻǼһϲϣŷԶޣִҲô鷳
𱸣Ҳ̹ͬô⵵ͿʼŮˣԶƲۏˮҲ֪ºܽһ㣬Ůһ£Ҽ޸Զô˶ӶûжǹǼˣȻô˺ӡ
˵ȻûдγǱڴӡ
ֻǡ
ԶʱԲôԶѹͲܶʱȥ鷿˯ƫܺ˵Ҳп˵
˵ƽԶģĻŵúܡ
˲֪˺Բ£ҲŵûкŮ˵ĴɣʱԶҲֻܣ࿴ɣҪû¾ܣ˻˵ĵģ͢㻹ٲͣԶԸվһҲͰˡûҲûʲô˵ġ
ڳôȹµѹء
̽Եǵ˼ǲԳˣϧôõĻᡣ
ͰѰ˻ǧ飬𱸰˻Ӷ¡
ڸ·ĳȻ֪Ϊɵ˻ӣŹһΡ
뿪ºΣյĺ«ڣһξµģ·ʱ̲סľ
˻һԺŲ裬ǲǰ£
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˺ܶʱҲεģ׬Ǯ಻˵ðԴڿϣ˭֪᲻׶񼫵ĽٷˣˣҪ˵ܻˡ
˻Ҳ֪һ״ԺǾͲõĻ·ˣһºһǲһֱٱأŽٷ˲ж߱ĵطһҪСġ
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ͽ̡
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˻˵žˣǺǫ˵ҡ
óܳĸоϸĥŰ˻˵ĻҸЩʲô
˻ɶҰĵˣ븻һɣһǰ׬ܶܶӣŹ𣿡
γôʱĹ۲ദܷĳˡ
𾪣ʵ˰˻ӵ˼˻ӵĿĺܼ򵥣óΪ͢ЧԺֻҪǳҵ̶ӻǳҾӪ⣬һܵõ͢Ӻչˡ
мбףչһ£һҲûرȥرӵķʽǱķʽֵÿˡ
Щү˼
˻Ӻһڲ裬һЦô˵ɣ˵Ҳʳ£ܶණȴڴģҼǵֲ˺ܶЩҶܳΪ˵
裡˲Ķˡ
ɽĲҶܳΪ裬ԺĲҶһˮǴߣҲ˳˳ˮܶࡣ
˻ӼĶûֹͣǳҲӪҩЩҩԹӦҽԺأҵĳҲرǰǱ𴦶ûеģһ̣̣֬ˮ̣ЩӶͻʹǣ˹ϵ˵ء
ܳϿҵһ׬ܶܶӣǸһǸ¡
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ӹȻǴˣûˣǱ㣬벻븻¡
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595 

ûзԼҰģЦȻ븻£˶еԸɣֻҲү˼
˻ӹһЦԽԽͳΪˣҲĥ䣬̹Ȼа취㣬㸻£ҾһҪ󣬶ҪԳ˵ȫ˳ֵ¡
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úʣǰ˵Щ˭һȻ˭һΪʲô󻯣飬Ӳùܶ鶼ȶ׬Ǯˣܶ඼Ըְһѡ
͢϶ǿкᣬܶ鶼ҪԸ
ؼʱվ˵Ǻǵġ
ͳһң˵ЩҲͳ
Ķˣʱ˵ĶǼٵģôõҪǳˣҵĵλû˺ˣңŹɻ֧Ҳ֧ġ
ϵĿŰ˻ӵʲôҪү˵ǰ쵽һ
˻Խ̹͵ĿųȻûпˣǳҶУ˵ģһ˺٣óôӣǶˮдˮƯɲرȥһܿɹģϣҲҪǳģܽ׬ӣҪǳġ
˲װ˻ӵ࣬ͬʱ
ǰв˻ӾҪʲô˻Ǻˡ
԰˻һ㣬ȻʵҺˣǰÿóһЩҪˣ˵ʵһ治٣ǳһҲӵĽ࣬ү˵һһܰ쵽ҾԲƭү
Խ˵Խϲ˻ǽһãеĴʯͷͻȻ䱻Ųˡ
뿪«֮󣬰˻ӾͺͳֵˣóӸж
˻ӿڿ˵ֻ˳·ʵȴذǣȫ
·«ھΣˣмҶڳҲİ
ְڻص˰ǣ˿ѾѮˡ
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ϤĽֵֹҼеԽԣһ·ûе飬ֱӻص˳
ԺɵСδ¡𣬲θں˺֮ܶ࣬ǰҪܶˡ
ǰԲ¶˺üҲĲ˹˺ܾ𣬲ʱѾ߶ùɺȡ
ͲһӰѹ֣ùпЦõĸо
ڳų۽ͳ壬ͼ컶ϲܽӣһˣӻˡ
˲伤ˣվ˵ʲô
ǵһܵżδ˵ҪôͻȻͻˡ
صһ۹ɣԹ𼤶òãСĶĺӡ
ЦӣЬӾߡ
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˺ܾûм棬һ̲סһѱס˹ɡ
شӺɷ羰˵ҪҲҪϰûڰ
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£Žǵ͵͵дŸ㻳ˣôôҪء֪ÿĻǸ𱸹ˡ
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֪ǵôˣǡһֱڸ١
ô˿̳үͳҲˣһһ𣬳ûѷ鶼˵һ飬ĩ˵˻ӵҵİΣ͹˺«ڣȻһ·ֻ²˳ҶǼҵĲ
뵽ة࣬һ
ɫһŲ˶ãű߹Ѿȶ겻ˣֻҪ̣ⱨӦͿˡ
Ӱ˻֪ҵΪǹݺһֱڵҵ
ͬ͢ѾڶˣԶǱ̫ãͦģ뿪֮ǰҼһԶԶҪǹٻ̡
Ϣм˶ˡ
үܾȣϲôôˣ
ЦһкͬԶ˵Уܶ鶼ˣҲûаԶɵˡ
뵽ԶıȵϲԶֻ̫ǿԶֻԼҪ
Щƽѡ͵ø뵽ԶѡĵһЦ
Զһ𣬿һɣһȷԶһûгôҲã˵ϱ֮ٲˡ
㣬ҵϲˣҲôںһж㹻


596 벻

ҲЩԶ۵ľԶã˲硣
ԶȢͨ˼ҵĹҸܶࡣ
һжûлͷˣЩҲֻе˰ˡ
ĿŹɣʱǲ뿪Ӧû£Ҿȥݷ岮еİˡ
˺ͬ˭֪ǸŮ˻ʲô
絽ʱô죿ɲˡ
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еʱûô࣬ŹյĳԲ˶ҲŽ
ǺɻеϸڣѯһԵˡ
ϽѹɳԲ˶Żµ˵һ飬۵ٷ˺ӣһֱԲ˶Ҳθںˣ״˵Խͻúܶˡ
뵽ɰĿӣۻˣɣô㲻Ӧҵģһˣ֮ǰҶˡ
󲿷ֶˣڲſ겻ãֲ˱еⶼ棬ҪǣҪȰ˻ӵϢ
͵Ȱ˻ǱߴϢˣҪǰ׵ˡ
ԺĳҾͷˣ˹ϵ벻׬Ǯѣ
ľȻܡ
ɷ԰룬Ѿһ΢¡ļǰƽ̯СܿСλе͹
ڶ죬ɺͳһȥҡ
˲߶ģܲס͹ɶ
ʱɱﻵˣһֱڸУһֱһطǻƻġ
ߣŻҲͳദ
Źһ֪ţȻ˺Ժ
ų͹ˣܿ˻С
һӾЦȥǵĹٲͻˣţտ㣬ȴˡ
кܶҪͳǰȥҹɵģһ뵽ڣҲŴڳүǱߡ
ͳүܴ鶼ˣʣµĶҪġ
ѾߵĲˮЩ𣿡
º󣬶ŹЦŵ˵ͷ漴ǹ£֪˺ֲܶҶţҲҹϽķΧԱߵĸͿʼˣ˺ܶˣҪĵأҾðɣǼȻֲҶ˵ҪҶ⡣
֪˻ģҲû˾š
˵΢е㼤ŵȻҪҶ⣬ǳҵĹģ˵δСһ㣬ǻҪֲҶ԰ѸĵҲ
Ǳŷˮ뷨˭ֳ֪ʲôһԳΡ
ѵ治˽ˣΪβѵҡ
һû˵һڲ󣬽ŵ֪϶ĵǣϾĵز٣ҶҲû׬ǮҰѻ˵֪꣬Ϊʲô˵ˡ
һ˿棬ҲĿˣҪ˾Ҫ˵ʲô
˼װһ£ŵǿ֪ΪʲôҪ򣿡
˹ӵģЦá
ֱ˵ɣ֪ӺܼġЦ
˱ࣺڰǮɽзһֲ֣ȡ⣬Ҷܶأǿȥ˽˽⣬ɽеĸܶ࣬Ҫǰѵ˵ܴٳ⡣
ϵ鲻˽⣬Ǹоһܺõ
Ķˣֲһͨë壬ֻƷȡʤµĲҶƷ֣˵̸ܺһ̸⡣
ϰ˻˵ƷĶҶʱ
ĵģֲһʱ˰ɣЩ˿ûᣬ˵߲Ҳû尡
ͻȻŵЦˣôмֵĶȻҪһûȥʱ򣬵˾֯˱ĸˣҪĸû⣬һҪ¸ĵء
ɺͳһۣһ˶ˣò˵˺ͷԡ
Ȼ뵽ôõİ취ƾĸͿøԣ
ɺͷԣ
˵ͷ˵Ӧȥһˣ̸ҵҲѸĵ¡
رؼ򵥺ܶ࣬ôףа취Ҹ˳ֶΪֶΪء


597 

ųĻãĵҲˣҲһɲ֪ҵ˺ܶ࣬Щ˰Ҫ߽ݾ
뵽һʱˣһ
ǻӭ⣬ܽǰķУ
˵аѹϲ̨棬˵æˣ񶼲뿴Щһۡ
гڰǣʡ˺ܶģؼʱȻҪˡ
ѲȥЩ϶ʶˡ
һ룬ͷͨá
֪˸˾ǵ飬Ѿ߶ȥŹϡ
˲ɵӣ֪ҪҪ˵˲١
ֻʣ˺󣬳֪ǵľƣ
һ˵ٳϵ£˵ı˺ܶ࣬̾Ϣҡҡͷ֪ܲǵľƣʵһֱΪԶµǣֻҪˣǣԶ
΢΢üҲŵǻ᲻ǣ
ҡҡͷ͵ǣңҺҲδϵԶȢҺҲδ˵ͨţ֪ԶһֱűҲǣ
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ɫ΢ֻ»ǣԶ̫ˣͬӦԵЩˣõҲƷڶƷˣھʱܶԶ˴ڡ
ǵľƱЩͷةǱߵ˱ةߵҪܶ࣬ңةǱߵ˶ģԶһֱںƲϵ˿ɲô롣
룬Զةࡣ
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ǳĵǿǺãҲԶǣУǴﰡ
ԼϾةûһϵڰΪô꣬иٵ˼ܾˡ
ŻΪ˵ġ
ԶһؾЩѹˣ治ӦȢ뵽ʱŰӣ͹ɱȫ֮
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ĸֻ̾Ҫһɶ̾ϢһԶ⺢ӡı˸ˡ
ҲԶ£ߵʱԶ˵ʵڲоʹǹ٣ҲҪͬһ⡣
ԶҪԶһѣĿԶꡣ
˿һµܣ⺢Ҳ࣬Ȣˣðɡ
ҪԶһ㣬ҲһֱɵģԶԼˣ˭Լ
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ͳͽ£ԶҪ⣬˵ʲôҲҪæġ
Զ⣬ΧۣѣҲְġ
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ںѾûãҲһλԶⱲƽһҲ㹻ˡ
ʱҲû¶ҰģʱҲαװܺá
Ҳ֪ôοˣԼһȥ֮󣬾ʹŹ뿪֪á
ڴϣųչˣɵźһЩ
ǵǵҲжһ˿п
ֻµڶأֻԶΪдǰ̣ȴδ͢ǹĶǵĵط
Գ͢Ҳ˽ģǰʲôһº󣬾Ϳʼע֪Σա
뵽뿪ʱȥԶԶε֪ԶһֱĽĽǣĽȢ˹ɡ
һ𳤴ֵܣʵҲܡ
룬Զһ˳˳ˮϧǣûô
Źɵļ򣬵һƽ٣ֻԶǶ㲻ȥϣҵȥҰүҺͰү˵Զ£ҲӦæԸ̫Ұɡ
ΣӦòᣬ룬Զ϶ҪԿͷ
ҧҧջΪһεĳ̾
Щ黹˵׼˭֪δʲôӡ
Թˣϲǰ飬ȥ˼¡
ο
Ҳ棬ôõĲҶѵҲ£²ЩǼٵġ
ҪСһźá
һСĵ˵Ȧףٲˡ
˼ȥ˵


598 

ɾһȥ
˵ͱܾˣ˺ͳүͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣
˵ɳȥ߶һ£תһ룬ȥɽ·;еĹɵȻȥ
ǣֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀų뿪ֻڼС
С
ûȥɸɽ򣬵ҲûԹԣǵĳ
ⲻŴӾǻصУûкúϢأҪԶţǲᡣ
ںԺиСѣЩָ̻̲оӳ뿪ǾͿʼˣҲ˵Ϊʲôر
վһԵĺͺ߿ɴ
ϽŵĹٲһٷǵĹӰΣ𣿡
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôֲ̿ġ
üӱ׷ϹӣһҪùӵİȫٴš
вҪô˱ţк߾㹻ˡ
ڹΪ˱ɰȫģߣĵȻŹӣһ±˵İȫ
Ӹڹ߿ʼܵǱùɡ
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Ϊ˴棬棬˹мӵչš
˿ųһпų󣬿ų竣ڣųֳҵ⣬ȴһоӪúܺãȢӣƺѾˡ
ο⺢ҿųģԺȻǰ;
һ·һֱ˿佱ĻȻƤҲ᲻˼
εͷˣ˲Ҫһ³İˣܵǣһûץң²ġҲеģܵдҪ
ӦͰģһעһ㣬пԱһʡ
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һջͿ̨ƹ΢΢üѯŲϤĵСƹأ
СһЦҼƹ£λƹҼƹıܣǰĵСɢ㱻ƹˣҲġ
ŽܣҲûжӻɡ
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ҹʱ֣˯óĳͻȻ˯оѣֵ¥´еܶ˹ѹ¥ĽŲ
ҹ¥ϵķסŵĶԼˣΪλôŲ
ɵӣҲ޴Ҫľǰȫ
ôңƽСġ
ԣЩ˲侯ŵߵſڣȴһȺСǻ
ĳ׷ʲô
ĸô֪ͨʱͻȻƿĽӡ
ҿٵס˳죬ӱ¡
Ϥ˲٣Ҫѯʺôˣڲ׷ЩʱҪôЩˡ
ڴ˿̣¥ϵļӣҲ˶
ءһű߿λµӳ˽㷢һĳǰ
̺˴ĿһץһԵĵӾͳһ˹ȥ
ڴ˿̣ߵһλеĽϽͺһ𹥻ˡ
ϴ򶷵ܴƺЩࡣ
˰Ѻ˽ȥϵˡ
˱һٲţҲûˡ
ûע⣬嵽ߣһαߺûзԼǸżҶһѧ˲ٹ򣬵Աû⡣
ЩŵЩЩʲôˣ
û뵽ջҲд̿͡
룬ȴȷҵģĿǰȷһǲȥˡ
£϶ҪȫΪ
˵ͷŵĿŴ򶷵Ⱥ
һӺ󣬺˵߽ӣɫ԰׵ӣ˶ˡ


599 

Ͻǰź£ϵ˿ںܶ࣬󱳣ֱԼ϶ˣ󷽲ϵĴж༤ҡ
òס˳ѪȽص˿ںߵϡ
λѾˣͺ˵ʬһѪ֮Уٲһλ֮ǰڱûʲô£򶷵λٲҲˣ˲Ǻء
ļλҲв̶ͬˡ
ӽҿһ˵֣ȴ֮ǰӴǸС
ʱ̸ЦЦݲõĵСû뵽Ǵ̿͡
ûлڡʵ
˵һǰӣⶼˣûлڣЩ˼ȥɱˣЩݲ򵥣ãеʿ
վɫĿ˵ô
˿˳ſٷҴģ뿪ٷܸо̻̲ģҴ׷ӣӰȫ
ҲңҺõʱûоǿ˹ɵĻˣȻֻ׶༪١
ֽٺĸоúܼʱ
ҲңǱһ·ϱûôϢֻǺ˱Ƚջּڿջľ;ˣЩӦǳŹģӴ˵ز˾뿪
źĻͬȷطҿǻǸϽ뿪ȽϺãʲôùܣһùٲġ
óЩбȰƹ͵СˣȻǱڿջУš
ʱģЩΪλõϢ
ԣмϸ
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֪ڳȥʵΣգ˭֪ûǱĵˡ
ʱҲǵȵ˵һЩˣӦд򣬱ҪȥѴǰС
ѾеʧѪ࣬Щ˲öԸϵ˶࣬ȱȽխⲻ㡣
ɫԽԽ԰ףϽźȥ£λû˵Ĺٲȥ
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С
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Ҳ֪˳Σգڵ֪С󣬺סˡ
ٷȥѺӻɡ
ĺúܣ˱ͬãˣܲġ
ûоܾɣú֮󣬵ĵĿųû˰ɡ
ҡҡͷ뵽¡
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Ҳ뵽˹ү߹ϵϽ˶ȥ֪ͨһС
һᣬ״һڣųүԶ˻
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Ҳǲ֪߻᲻ǱΣգ֪֪˭
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пܣҪӣԹǣпܵľм䵷ֻҲףΪ󵨣Ȼҵ˵涯֡
شӱ桰ߡһѹûʲôµģ룬Ļֻ֣Ҫûץİѱû֤ݣԶң⣬Ůʵ̫ˣǳѹûһ
ûҶֵ֤ݣͲָҡ
Ҳ뵽һϸڣʱôЩʼûжˣôһ˸пܡ
Щǳģʱֳ棬ɱ޴Ǹס
Щʼûȥˡ


600 

ôһ룬͸ȷЩ˺йϵ
⣬û뵽ҵڶģΪһ鷢ߵ˶Ҫڻֲ̿С
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Ҷţ̧ͷ̾ϢһһεĽǺܺá
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601 

үҲĥ䣬ĽŻֻΪҪȥֻǰЩԱ⣬һЩǮҲʲôɱ˵ľٶһжˣԳƿ˶ϸͷĶɱǮӯ飬˿ܼû𡣡
ЩǿģˣһȺȫҪ
ԽԽģüǿǺã
ȴһϲ֮ǰ֪ôץаصˣ֪Էͼˣһϲеˡ
һǺ°ԷϸѲһܲЩصˡ
һʱ˵ץӷҪϲǳǵˣڷų֮ǰùٲ׼ãغóſڣöలڳſţҵĶԷͻȻֺܶˣȺͬڳУһϾջϢѾˡ
ȻԷһҪѶԷ¡
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鲢δһô˳ЩҪǴؾǣжŭ
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602 Χ

ڳͳжϵʱȥˣ΢еӵ˶Ӧðɡ
ⲻðˣûһ£һ£ǳͼҶǹٲǺöԸģջֻʣ߸ֵܣΣգǾȫûˡ
һе޶᲻
ϴĿԽԽǺǸöǰһȺķ˿ܾǵˣû뵽ةȻȲҪһǻʼʩȻǺûֵܵһ£ǺαصԼ
˵ǵѪлĻᣬ˭š
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뿪Ƿϵ¡
֮ǰƵգҪ΢ЩˣɻǲѩǳȥǺû֮ǰһ㶼Ҵ⡣
Ҫսʱˣһǰȫٲ⼸ˡ
ԥһΰүŸóдһź˸ӡ
ȻҪ֪ͨүô͵ÿ˻ӵˡ
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ߵĲϴĿжһ˿ݣԤе߻ˣû뵽һ롣
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Ǻֵһ
ԽԽȼţС˲žȼյռ䶼ǰġ
̫ʵ̫ǺСʮֵܣʮֵܰһүǴ˿Ҳ̲ס
Ĭ˺ôһᣬʮŵҼС߳Ⱥҵʱ뿪ˣ磬Ǹô죿
ϴɫһʲȥǺƭǣֵô࣬СӾͲǸöɱѽͷ֮ޡ
뵽ֵܣһ


603 Ǻ

ʮ뵽ǵǱ뵽ӴԺܲڣ뵽е޶Сڵǻȥһ
ɱҲѽͷ֮ޣɱδ̫ˣةȻֱɵķʽŪӣΪʲôǲǺвةóӣС߻ȥǵ˶ɽӣҲةľٶ
ģСġ
ֱɱǺҪ׬һʲƸ
ֻ鱻ϴܾˣϴĿɱɣ֦ܽѵȺ˿ܣǺû׼ˣ룬Ⱥ˿ǵˣΪʲôһǶûȺ˿˵˹ؼָȺ˿ܾڰеȥء
⻰üĲʮ侲
ȼգ˵ıҲԽԽ
ͬСУǺڵ֪ϴһȺ˲δ֮ǰԼȥ߳ߣƤͣţһֲõԤи֣ܸо¡
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604 

ǺҵȺ˵ʱ򣬻дŻҫ˵ҵ˿İ֡
ʱдѹǺСһȺˣĪҪΪ顣
ϧ߰Ǻѹţ

ԼɶµܾܵˣҲţȺ˵ôô󡣡
ԸЩǳģҲЩǿġ
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ȻǺ޳ңҲ֪ôֲͷϡ
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һʧĿǹɺͳమҲõ˺ܶϢԶҲڰͬӣȴһֱųҲţ񱻻ϺͰүӻ㶼ģΪҲ֪㱳ƻܵȥİǡ
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Ǿ˰
ʵԶ飬վߵ߰οʲô˵˵
˵Ż͵Զ֪Ǻ顣
ԶĻУ궯΢ƽһ㣬ŵܵܳ汻ɱˡ
Զ˵Ŀ϶滰ͼӴ׵İ˵һ󣬿ŵܵô޹ΪʲôЩôġ
۰ĵܵȥĴĺܴ
Զ£ȴ֪ôο


605 

Զһ֪鲻򵥡
Ǻʲô˽ôǰ˻δٵʱ򣬾͵С
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Ҫѹˣ޿밲ǲԶͬС򣬶ңͬ˵Ǳߺ棬ȻҲһ͵͵ǰȥǲȥͲˣԺҵô찡
Զüͷ뵽һܣǺҪΪڱɱزǹΪмһ顣
Ѿ߰˰ˣٿ޿䣬ͻȻЩͷˡ
˵һģ׺ڿ˵ȴδĹһֱǰˣĻ
ѣͲøϽӡ
κΣðοʱҪοǺʬأ
۽ǵˮǺʬ屻ͻˣҾǵĵܲסǺôԵĺӣЩôôְ
Զ̾ϢһǺӵġ
£Զ֪ȥɱˣѹס
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ʲôԶʱˣϽѯʵҰԭԭ˵һ顣
֪ԶںˣˣһһʮĽһ飬ֻĻǺ¡
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ʱںϹ˵Զǳ׵ʧ
ˣˣ֮׽ΪǺһȥɡ뿴ȥ
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Զߣ˿ģǵͬ˵ʲôһҪסҪ졣
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Զδ磬ֻԼ֮䲻кӡ
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Զֻǵ˵ͷδ˵
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οĪҪǺˡ鲻ã˵ĵģ⾩в֪뿴ЦҲҪˡ
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606 ƫִ

Զе絶֪ԶҪӱܡ
ʵϣһֱ뻳Զĺӣ룬ֻҪ˺ӣԶͳˡ
˺ӵǣԶһб˼
Ȼʹ˸ֶΣԶɲԸͬԶԸ˯鷿ҲԸͬ˯һеĿʹ˭֪
ԶҪӱܣеŭҲѹֲסŭھҪӣھҪԶҶ޸ˣΪʲô㻹ǲǸˣǼ˾ʲôõģ
Զɫ˲ˣУõģûܱȽϡ
ʱҲŭˣɲǼˣȢȻúùӣҲèè㲻ҴӦ㣬ôҲûԲ飬Ϊ㱳ЩҲ֪ôΪҲ֪ΪҲв룬ұ㲻ƽϣȢҲҵľ㻹
ͱ˵Ҿһ˺ãֻֻң鶼ǼˣǼôôҪ
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ֻ뿪ĵأؾǡ


607 ˺

˻Ȼο߹ǱҲ㰲׵ˣֻȥͺã˵ְû󣬵ҲǲģĹ֮öˣҺ͸ʶһҺҵúܣҵĵǻˣǺʬˡ
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608 

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609 

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610 Ҳ

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611 

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612 

ջڳǱߵĿջǺܺãѡסǱߣҲȱӡ
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613 ²

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ϰһ۹ɣѵڸв֪


614 ٴ

һǲ֪ڰҶҳţӻеھͳţڸУкöѾ߸ţ˵̾ͺãкͺҲ͹ˣ߸˸ҶѹͲ̤һ
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һ¹ɵͷֵҿǴǰҫǰҪôҸζҪЦѡ
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615 

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ƾʲôҶ˺ȴܹ÷ˮر𶬶Ȼ⣡


616 л

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617 

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һ뱨˼ûˣܶùô
ϸίԿĿң㻹ԹﻹΪŵģûĵģһߵģ뵽С˰Ѷ϶ĵˣоʲǿ
лһƣڵʱôǸк㻹ǲϲֻӣʱҪһ㣬Ҳֳɽ㡣
仰ʵȴϡ
лв̹վҲִͬԺǧҪȥ鷳ˣ˵Ķģڴ㲻֪˵ֻҪȥһĵط֪жˣɲǽдһţȥµľ¥ƹһžֱӰҴˣ㳳ܵõ𣿡
òҵûˣⲻ
Ϻߺһǲϴ
лӵûǼҾѾʵǳôãһεõõģҪǹˣôӵżǣڴӴȥĿܶû
溦˳ҵǰ޲鷳ں޲öԽԶԽá
ôô
лںܿ϶ĵͷôأԺĪҪȥ˺͹ˣϾͣһ㣬ǶԲҪǲô棬Ҳֳɽ˵
ˣһֱںڣѹûá
һ͵͵ȥǿͶÿɰģüĿеĴȰĺܣԼͲΪ
ɲ֪лڵľΪһϷڼҵȣûеȵл֡
ȻеССʧð뷨Ĳá
ڵģΧҲˣĺԺȻǴ̹һЩ
ڴҲѰżʹ˵˵߶ҳһҳһ㣬һΰ¾͹ȥˡ
С
֮УԶ飬Ҫôס˻׼ãϢҲڵһʱ䴫˳ȥ
ҳЦڸϼûš
֮ǰһ֣͢к̰ܶ٣Щ̰̫ҪһԲȻܣȴһ
һֲ໨ʱ䣬ǰ˻ӻǻĸڸֽжȹ
ʱˡ
ةฮ
ǰŵıǹϵõĻţĻŵվһλٷӣӳȻûޣ˵ĿҲǳ𾴡
ĻֺõλǺҹӣġ
ǹݼةˡ
ŪķңҲû˼飬ĵԸ㣬ֻһصĺá
һϲ̬ȳϿҵ˷ġ
ˡߡһǰˣСĹְҿ԰æҪף㻳С
ͷӦ˵ʲôҪ󣬶һ˷ܵģ
ú뿪üҰĲСһ۾ܿĵĿģ˫Ŀ֮ڸǵҰģе㵣ǡ
ĻźţҰĲźÿƣûҰģҲᱻѡϣĵĵλƷһССƷ֪أûҪѣҲеӣʱվԼ


618 

ة಻мЦҲãҪͽҲãõѡеĹٻ˼ң󲿷ֶǣ֮ǰףȴ֪ʲôٲġ
ϣۿϣҪ飬̡
ĻĵСͬ⡣
ة䣬Ҳһ˿ŭɲͬⲻͬ⣬ҪԶףҲǳô鷳ǺҲ
ĻŲҶ˵䣬ĬĬ¿ʼ׼׵¡

ŵƽʺò֡
ة֮ôҲ뿴жվߣһ̽
ľȻϣǺĳΣ
û뵽һôһʱ䶼ԡ
Ѿ߸ϽųòҲһةѡġ
⻰мһЦվ˫͸һ˿䣬ͬµĺ磬ѾɪɪȥûУжǰ
׸ޣ
Ȼŷϼȴ˿ϲźѾǶҶ࿴һۡ
Ѿ߲һµС㣬ǰԺϢûС㻹ǰѸͷϰɡ
£뵽Զľ飬ͬڸһ㣬۵޷
ԶᣬڰǵʱԶͬ˵ֻҪͳ͢е飬ĸӣһӡ
Ȩô.ˣǰƷʱ򣬳еĴҹܶ඼Ʋֻܸڱͽֺã˼Ҹˣʹһ㲻ҪĶøжµĸл
ͳеĴҹ㽻ãǼ꣬ӹòģҪһ£޳ȥȴ˵ʱС
һֱţԶֻǼһϲˣһľԶס
һʼ֪ԶϲΣֻҪϲԶ߾ͺá
֪Զϲɣǽһʡ
Ҫӵʱ򣬵һ뵽ľǳôóҺ͹ɵù
ʮһĽĹְ
ģǰͽЩҹ㣬ЩСǣһͷͽڸܵ˱صĸо֪ԭȨôá
Ӵ⾩УҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬û˸Ʋ
ΪԶϲȨԴΪԶȡû뵽ԶԽԽ
ÿһοԶһƾɵƽ鿴ŵʱľһۡ
ΪʲôΪʲôѾͷܵõԶĴȴɵòԶ۰ģ
ڰǵʱԶú̸ûаԶĻϣΪãԶģֻҪʧͺá
û뵽˻ӳ֣һֱɺͳڲúõһжΪУԶҲȥ
ڵĴ֪ķ
һβɹֻ¡
عһѾߵ֪ˣȥɡ
졣
ةڴ֮УѾˣһޡ
ĻźͼŹԱһԣһɫǺܺá
ةɫѿ˶ˡ
Ļųϻ̳ϿֵǼһû
ʲôةеıˤ˳ȥ
ŵļ˶ŵһ¡
Ļɫѿ˻ӾſڣЩҪ˶ˣةһǡ
ةѹеķŭһӵǳȥ뾲һ
Ļ뿪ֻʣةһˣð
ǣŰóףõ֣ܵҲ˴еЦ
űͳף¾ԼоЦѾ˼ôˣˣҲˡ
ҹõǰԺޱڴϣű򿪽Źϡ
Ų̲סֱƿ˺ͷһӢȴϲġ
ЦúºͣӣôȲҪΪ𣿡
ϲģϣԼλãҲϲ㣬ԣԺ˯˯ҵǱһӦ
ıһǫǫӵģ⻰ͻȻֱȥ
˻һֱȵϣȷû֮󣬴Ц뿪
ǶڹעĶһϻ̳Ͽ֡
ǷԶڴӵĹɲ֪ڰǵĳȴ֪һЩ
Ͼÿ죬˻Ӿͻɸ봫Ҳ֪˾еĶ
ڷһУֻܴ֪
޺ˣյŲãˡ
֪ļ֮󣬾֪ˣҳŵùҲֻгˡ
һŵǰȴƽúܡ
һ˻ţ̲סοΪš


619 

⻰ȴ˵İۡ
ΪôвôȡЦˣѾõϢ˰ɡ֪Ͱ˻ӹϵãʱ˻ӿ϶Ҫ߳
ûзϣ΢΢ͷõϢˡ
˸ǳ̾һһ˵ⶼʲô£һʱҲ£ʱּˡ
֪ةĿģҲ֪һӡ
չ黹е㲻ڵģⲻةඪҲЩ޹⡣
Цһ뵽ةĴһЦͶ·
˺Ϊ˵㴦ҲҪ޸һƷ֪صĶӰмѲɻʲô
룬Ҳü޸һƷ֪صĶӣͼ޵Ҳ̫ˡ
£Ƶķô˵أҪĲҪһʯǺˣԶ룬ةȨƣҲ˰Ȼᣬ֮һжǱ˵ģ˭İûк˲ôζ԰ɡ
һȫûҪģа˻ЩԱ׽ة࣬Ҳ̫ҡο˻ӻһи׳н
뵽а˻˵İ취̲סпһ
ֱӶةฮſڣЩҪȥϲҲҽȥɣϺة֮ѡ񣬾ӲҲöôѡ
뵽ٳһͷۣԹٳЩ£ҲҲԭ򣬻ε̽ңҵĴ𰸶ֻһҲ뿪ǣҼңڳľǣԸǣԸҡ
ԶԶ߸߷ˣ鷳һѣֻҪة໹ڵһ죬͵õ¡
οԹ˲ϾǺҲʡ͵ĵƣҾʱһΣʱ֪˭˽ܵģļʱȥȢɽҲǺ⡣
ĲҪĻҪΪڶңҰ˶ܿףةûףֻ֪ĵ⣬úİˡ
ҲúӲãʱܶԶͶԶĻ۰Ͱ͵ȥ׸ɲ
Ǻĳûԣô벻ԽԽò˼飬ЩΪȨ伫
һЦ˵ݵλˣǺĲ벻ֻȨѣĹҲģᣬúõ£뵽Ķô߽ݾⲻ֪Щݾôߵġ
ڷУòװˣȴŵĳӣһˡ
վһʱһֱĳ飬ǷƮҡһ紵ݶľԱ
ҲûߣϽѯʣؾôˣ
شӰζ¥ģһ΢ƽһĵ궯Ǻ˰Ѱζ¥ˣƹĳ飬ҴӺ֪ͨ㡣
һ֪Һ󣬰׼ȥ˳ׯζ¥ƹڹʱһֱల£û뵽ͻȻˡ
˸صһˮô˵
ҲЪϢһ
΢ƽһº󣬵źδһֱӶ˰ζ¥˵İζ¥ﲻںμˣǼӦæ
Ҳ˵óڣҴδһңȴһ˻˼ͦࡣ
Ҳ֪ͳҵ飬õͬһȥҪڣ
ȴܾˣǲҪãģҵע⣬ҪթһӰˣ֪һҾ֮ǾһֱڱΪʲô鶼
μǰǳţͼӶȽƽӹֲþӪ⣬û˳֮Խѹ
μұǰðԺӺõϺͺ鷳
ţ£ǳæ⣬ʲôû뵽ӷ򣬺㼸¾ͱʰˡ
£ͷǸԼˡ
ӻˣһֱڳҸѲţ־Ͱζ¥á
˵ζ¥ԺҪصġ
һ뵽ôͳã󻹲׼һˣزҪ޳ȥŮһһûţ֪һԴװʲô
ҪǰѰζ¥Ҫ֣һжðˣĺĻ˳µ¡


620 ì

ĵ׺ζ¥ԺģҲ˳µ£ģӦ顣
ʲôʱֵõͺδмָָ㣬ˣ
˲ҪĿࡣ
ԽԽѹеķŭŭһʵ̫ҪˣҴδ˺޳ܵˣ˵¸ô졣
˺ܵοųصȻɷ£°ɷҪץȥӵģǲõģһŴ¡
Ҳϲһҵʵǹˡ
Ʋ첻õù˾ͿʼǼҵ⣬ָһӸԶǵãԲԭǡ
ص̫࣬½ҺͲͺãҲҪŮӣԿģ㰲ĵվǣﲻڼУҲӦó춮һЩһһ֧ţ׼ǲģð׼ذζ¥ɣǻмֱӱٺˡ
һˣȴ˵ͷͬ⡣
֪˻֧֮ЦЦһʱɾͻˣɻ֮ҲˣҪʱЩ߰鶼ãĪʱɻŲЩ¡
Ȼ᲻ùɲġ
еŮˣֻҪ¾ԲӰи
һĽûΣ̹Ȼ㲻֪жĽ㣬ҼԶǱˣɺãôҲãѡȷģҼԶ䲻ɡ
һ⣺ɽֻҸϣԶҲرɽ㣬ȻֱӾͷԶʵˡ
Զһ֪ôѡһ˵ѡԼϲˡ
ĵҲεģͷҲʱҲûȥˣǵ£ǲù̫࣬һùٲȥġ
˰Ŵ£ĺܶ࣬ؿ˵Щѵڲǰ˵ʱ򣬲ҪһҲ㲻Ҫ˵һЩĻܡ
죬֪ǶԵģ治Ӧô˵Щ
Ǹ֪ˣԺ󲻻
̾Ϣһ֮͢ǺͰ˻վһģָжֻ۾ǣµʱǻСУСʻ괬Ͱ׼ٹһʱҲҪˣȵ׺ǰ׷ˣҪƼҵˣĪҪðʧҺɩҲкܶҪæ̶һֱнӴҲѳҵ󡣡
ҰĿ϶УһֱǰһС
óһиõķչȻǰ·ôãΪʲôú÷ܶһء
Ҳ֪뷨Ŷһ֪ˣҲչ˺ð׼һˣҲչ˺õģԺСֶҲúչˣɩֻܰĳȥͺãĶǵġ
⻰֮ο˵һҲϲԺúõڼչ˵ϵǻŰ׼
ζ¥ſڣͺδ¸粻ҪĶſڣƹԴ˼ϻ
˵ȥҳ£Ҳ֪ʺǰ
ֻĵվſڵš
ԶԶľͿٲˣȺֿٲǰɷ˵ľͰѺͺδ°Ҫߡ
ʱˣץǸʲôûʲôΥҼ͵顣
δҲҪ
ٲһһȦȺĪҪӰ˼⣬ͺδ£ӰΰɷҪӣЩֵģ뱻ץ߰Ӿ͸Ͻɢ
һãЩֵˣ˲ɢˡ
ͺδţ˶Ƶĺš
ƹδǰ͹ٲ˵Ŀ֮£˵˻˻ΪмкĻ
ٲŸ״ˣͺδں
ܵ˶Ÿָָ㡣
վڳߵģǵ˼Ҷ֪֮ǰ·󣬳е˾˺ܾá
Ҷж޳ܡ
ڰζ¥ǰ£˵ˣթҵӡ
ǰԺһôãȫһȺѪ󨰡
ǽŲץû
ƹԶȥĺһͷ׼֪ʲôʱվ
ЦŹֵ׹ʲôʱ򵽵ģ
׼ϽƹĪҪҰ׹ӣһ׼ͿˣҲˣ׺Ҳˡ
ΪɵĹϵȷˡ


621 ƹ

ƹδºͺŪķңΪ׼Ļ泩ˡ
һֱأҪǳˣ˵ܿͻСӣʱͿڼﱧӣѳׯ⽻塣
Ӷõ˳ʶǰ;϶á
ҵǰ;ܿã˵ڳĻ̻̣ⶼʱġ
кñһֱһ仰ġ
һҶǺˣţֻҪųҺú£һҲܹϺܺõ
ֺܿ㼪ˣϣǲĴܺףǾһˡ
ͺδ±ٲץߣҹٲ˵оݣ˶ɢȥˡ
ζ¥ǻָƽ
˽˴ã׼ڵ⻹ɣƹˡ
˵ʵ˳˾¥⣬ȥׯ⻹ۣܶණᣬҪͷѧһȥģʱ䵢˲٣ĵǵİζ¥⡣
ƹ࣬࣬¥ҪȳׯһЩܰѰζ¥õ治ס
׼뵽ʼ࣬¥ڣ治ףƹ˼󣬰⽻ƹ뿪˾¥
ͺδֱӱؽ˴֮С
˶ְֵˣȻץˣһ·ҲǽţץʲôĻһĺ˿ڡ
ٲķǰ֮󣬼˻ǲֱͣùź
ʲôʱܹί˺һҾѺӹûǰãǶûб˴˽
ȴ룬Ϊ˰ζ¥⣬ֱӱץˡ
ǳȥǻûˣٲץ˰
˽εʱһ䡣
Ƶߵ˴棬Ŀźͺδ½
ʶˣ˳֣ϽԩģΪҪùٲץǰ
ƽĿˣƽ޹ȥ°ζ¥⣬Ҫթζ¥Ǯԩ
һ࣬һԩᰡûթζ¥Ǯֻ֪һжǳ̫ԵôܵܣֻôһӾŰҴˣôõ飬Ҿ
˷ʵ
ϽǰˣСǰģҺͳùϵܺã㿴ʲôˣ֮ǰҲ˵ȳֻǾûôӲ㣬û뵽ҽˣ˰װ׵˸ҡ
֪龭λᱻĻƭˡ
Ŀһۺ˵ЩΪһ𣿺˺ܽƻ龭ף˵һ˭µġ
һ£ûˣԸġ
ЦһΪҺ޴𣿡
ټ˵̾ϢһˣȻ˵ǾͺúùŰɡ
˺ԥתʱˣ߰Ұѻ˵߰ǹصʲôʱ򡣡
ֻϧû˻ش⡣
֪ͺδ±ûһ㲨
˵˾ǲҪİˡ
ڰУǴͷϵ飬Ҳ᲻˷ֱôãĵѡ
ڻҲãǱ߲֪ʲô
Ҫʲô鷢߻һǣڴӱȽϺãԱϲǡ
ÿ춼ʱȥ׼罺ģó˸˼ɡ
ҩ̵ƹ˱ææ
һʱ䣬ҩ̵ܺãܶ˶ҩûҩҩݽȱ
˱֮󣬺ƽĿƹ˼ǣҲͽһãҩݾе㹩Ӧˣ
Ƚ϶࣬պý鿴ҩ̵⣬Բƹ˱
ƹ˵ͣԳĹмӡ
ǵĹӣرһҩݣǹӦҩҩƷȫƷʺüǮЩ˲ɵӣֻҪͬǺһεģǺڶΡ
ͬĵͷ˵ôһ£ҩݵһ취ֻܰտãҩɫãһ໨ġ
ƹһϲﲻ˼
ҩҪˣͻҩ⣬Ҫ÷ֺ컹ر򵥵¡
Ҫ֪ÿķֺ춼ٵģôΪʲôΪܶ׬Ǯô
еƣ˱£ȥɣʲôһ˽ϵ鲻Ҫ⣬ҽǱ㲻ùʣֻܰҩչ˺á


622 

ʱ䶼ûúϢֻгڣڵʱ򣬻ᶣ˯һҲû˹ġ
ֻȥɣÿ춼ܶ飬Լûʱȥɡ
ͳ˶ѭԽæµɢעԽǷ֣Խƣ
ҵʵ̫̫ӣڣڴ鷳 
ƣĴ˴Ǹо۵úܡ
شӾ¥һʱȻ˶ٳҲ֪ĳҶǳڳţɻﶼڣõģӦӦùĸһ㡣
һӾͼƣбϣʱһۣǰȻĸ̫Ѩ
۵Ҫ˾ͺúϢ㿴ÿ춼ôæͲܸԼһ٣
˵Щѣһʱܣȴ˳뵽͸оӦãӦöĹĳġ
УҪڼﲻϳҲҪڼﶣúϢ
̾ϢһϢʱܴ鶼ˣȵɩӻҾͿԺúеڣûа죬εúܡ
ɻ治ࡣ
˵Ů˻ӵʱҪģӦöһɩӣ˵ߵ˶࣬ˣȵ顣
ҪкˣһҪ׼ߵġ
ΣҼҪͷϵ⴦ãҪûʲô飬ȥһŭˮǱߣǼҾǮǱߵ˴ӦɣԺֲҩǣ±ڸ𣬵ɻˣȥһˣ˵չҩݣд˹æ
ҩ̵ԽԽãҵĿڱҲ˳ȥ˵һ㶼ȫɡ
ҩǹģа
ﲻæ
ϽӦ簲ģһѻʲôҪģ
뵽̵̣˳ʲôˣ̶˵ҪͷҪ齻
ֵܶǹɿõˣò˵ڿⷽ
ҲӦ
ƽģ˶ûзɣĩ·˺رʹ޳Һң֪ʲô
ڹϣһɡ
ڽУھд˺Ϣ
ӵ˻ӵţһʱҵˡ
Ÿ˿һ飬˻ϲúܣ̫ˣڰЩȫץϧ֪١
һǳܾŮ˲鷳£ĵ䲻Ҳ֪ȥʲôطˣҪѰһ䣬Ů˷ˡ
ȫҳߣĶץų׵ĺĶץ˵йһ⣬Ψ֪١
뵽¾ģʵϣв
üͷŵŮ˲򵥣˻Ӷû׷鵽ȥʲôطȷһ㣬˾ǣ˻Сһ㣬ʺ޵ҡ
ĵͷ͵ˣ˿̲ס˳ʲôǹֵ˺ֻܹĲʲô飬Ҳ̫СˣУԶȥôԶĵطڱɡ
вʣʵڵ˳ˡ
֪ɻ֮һֱ̹ƲСѾͷڳȴ˱ⲻǻô뵽¾ĵײ̹
ֻ΢΢ü˵˼ףԹۿ֣Ļû˵ˡ
ǰˣ񡭡
˲ĵһˣʲôʱ͵˽ëˣΪʲô𣬻Ϊ㣡ҵԧףɵҾͲ˵ˣ㿴ΪԶѡʲôˣţͬΪڵǶ˵ˣŪһ㣬Ϊԭ򣬸ҹȥ
ܹˡ
˵ɫһףŭʲô
ץϵĲ豭˵ĽűŭٲغԺʵʵţŲ㡣
һ˺ˣӣ뿪
ˣо˶ĲҶԽԽͷ
̾ϢһͷųҡҡͷЦˣһ㣬һֱûûˣǲ֪ԶҶģһ˵һЩ䱾ڼҳ֣һϣĻҼУһڳſڵġ


623 

еһ㲻֪飬ҵ飬ûȥ˽ڴӵʰݵģţҲİȫ⡣
үͰ״ӿνգڲ׼ңѣ岻˵żϺͳһȥ档
羰΢һطȥһ顣
ɵĶԽԽѾ˸ˣһϼƣ׼ùɻذǣõʱʲôӡ
ɾûڴӴ죬Ͼʵ̫ˣÿķΧܴ󣬿ɱڻ԰תһȦúܶࡣ
ҲҽҲô·Ӧûȥˣ÷ʲô⡣
ϰһӼϵۼҵļµģûȥϽꡣ
һŶӣϣοϵǰǰͺã˺һ˱ŵģõҡ
Ա˵ִ飬޲ߵ˶ڣȴϺ͹ŵǣгڣһжûġ
߻а״أôһչȫˡ
ԼҲҽҪʲô飬ԼҲԴ
磬Թô£ҿ϶Ҫ
˰οͱˣǻչ˺õģȺҵһʱϲ
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624 

غٿĿŹɣȴɿĵطɱ顣
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625 ˮ

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һ˵һ߾죬һĵų֪۸
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626 ˵ĳ

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627 Ȱ˵

ԥһ£ǵͷˡ
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˵ףԶ˿.̫ǿңյµġ
Զдǰ;иõǰ̣ȴ˰װ׶ˡ
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ο˵ûҲΪǺãֻǽЩ仯ѣĸǻȻȥɡ
ҲףˣʹһɫϽǰˡ
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οҲ̫£岮õĴ岮ĸβģԶҲúܶ࣬˵ƺ͵ĺҪˣҪҪ͵ʲô
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չǺһ𳤴ֵܣҪһȥ
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628 ӱ

Ұ֮Уһѣ¶ɢŶζؤðŴŢ·ŲŽŲ
ϣֻֻ۾תš
һϳӰ˭Ǽ͵͵ߵ
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ɰ˵ֻۡһޣ˲伤ˡ


629 

ϲ˺ϲˣλСүſĵúܣϾ
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ѾݸһԵ죬ѾѺӰãݵߵ˿쿴һۣСӳÿ濡Ρ
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ӣҲ֪Լ˵⻰ͻˡ
վſڣ˿ҲȥģĵŰѺӱ
˺ôһᣬŴţźӳˣϾЦ⣺ϲϲΪСү
ֺǵøϽֱסӣźСֺǵúܣ˵һͣѾ߾ͰǮȥ
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Цеٷ˸ι̣ôһᣬٷѾ˯ˡ
һԵ˵ҪԼιҪ
ǰ׼˵ģ֮ǰҲرԥӵĿ¶˾ģһҪԼιϾûд˼ЩС˵뷨̺ʧ.ݡ
ûʲôģһԵһЩǮ߰ɡ
ܹʲô֧֣ߣɰ
ѺӸһ£˺Ͻӡ
ôӷŵ˳˵ǳȥ˵ɡ
Ͽһ۴˯ĹɣҲһ˳ӣ˳ŰѷŹϡ
վſţ´Ź˯Ѻӱ˸СԺУһȥˡ
ѹֲסЦݣãܼң˵һ䣺֮͡󣬳ǸŨˡ
ϸеѾС˶ûϢЩ꣬еǲ˯֪ٷ˽أЩūŵģ˯ĵŰžȻʹ͡
ˣʹ͵ǮȻҲǿɹ۵ģûǮɰѳµѾСֻˡ
ȻЩС
ӱõĴϣǺСӣ˺һһҿ˺ӺþãԽԽ
Ҫǳߣǳȥ˵һֱźӣܿһ졣
վ⣬ЦȡְɣСѾˣнӣﲻͶҪԽӣǵȢһ
үһЦȺŽӣҵúú룬ȥһˣ˰æ뼸
ĩֶŰ״ϵҲҪ뼸ǵʱѡһ¡
״ҲãתأаͰ׼ͳˣҲøϽģʱǻһ档
ǰ״һδߣҲûʲô˼ģֺǺǵĴӦ
Ѿۺӳ˭ˣǢúܣóĽǣӵǱɣʱ
ʱѾǵڶϣһָ߰˰ˣϽչˡ
ȵϴãҲˡ
Ͻι̣ι̵ʱѯʵӵֶ𣿡
ЦеİѾߵݹļϣСнӣү룬ôҶһ㣬ٴмѡһʵĳү˵ȷ㵽ʱѡģȡҲý㡣
ɸܵأܺãǲǼһ
˲׹˵ļһʲô˼۵ĵͷӳ˿ڻ𣿡
ɵͷо滹һۣϢϢúõһӦþûˣؼطеΡ
о仰˵֪ĸȻͶĸΰ󣬵˺Ӻ󣬸׵ࡣ
̶һҩˮǰүҪģ˵ϴ˿кô
ɴϴһ£ɡ
ӺֹԹԵ˯š
̵ӣҺ춼ˡ
ûףû޵СʹӣŵòС
ЦӯӯѺӷߣҲ£㿴ǲǺܿɰ


630 ױ

û֮ǰҲͦӵģһֱֵǣµʱ̫ۣԼȥֵ֮ģӾߣǹɵСССŴŴӣе඼ֵá
ȫ̵ܹĵǣҲ˺ӵ顣
ЦеĿŽӵϲúܣԺҪôɰĺӣҶԸ⡣
ûҪҪȥףߣҪǻϺ˾Ͳڹˡ
ɸӸǺ˱ӣеϺõĻ̿浹ůģĴҲһȣӣ⵲硣
ѰģɵҲ׼ǴһıҲá
ϲϢȥд˼Ҷ˺񣬳Ӵϸĵİһʲôһһдã⣬ЩҪɿģ˴ﶼҪ
ǰӦһ¡
ϲϲأҲϲУſڵи˺ܶ࣬Ⱥ켣˳Уȥջֻ˳һũԺӣһǮһ׾ѣֲһ˼ϴһӣͷûǵʱͿ˳ſڵĻ񣬻֮ǰ帮ģĳʵ̫ˡ
Ҵ⣬⻧˼Ǯ󣬸Ⱥڽй䣬ڵûϵóϾ޵Ȼңƾ˶û뵽ɡ
ǻؿڻصȻߵʱߵԶԶģһӶҪ֡
ԹƽϢ㱨ˣҲ뿪ġ
һӱϡ
кܶ˶ۣ۳ϲϢĸԹޣƾʲôƾʲôǸӣܹôãӸ߸ϵĴС㣬㣬һ·;棬Ľ˺ü㣬˺üɼ룬ǻ¶ɢŶѣһ¶ϴһĴ
һ·ֶգһĻĻǰгޣԼֲǡ
ɲҸȻ˺ӣֱ˶ӡ
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ʵҲҪӣԶģֻû뵽ӺûԵ֣ߵ·ˡ
ӲʱӦҲҪ˰ɣ֪кŮ
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죬ȥſڣ˵ڷϲǮ
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ȥʱ򣬶ѾܳˣŴӽͷŵβĳ飬üͷΪһѷĳȥϲǮȴ㾡ȻҪŽȥС
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ıĴģȻҲô˳ߵ
˼ƻӦôӦôӽ˺ˡ
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ʱܺã˿ѾָˣӺͲʱˣȻŴŴģܿ˭ˣҲֻбɣĵط˳
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ʮ壬Ҳǳس׵ӡ
֮ѡʮ壬Ҳѡ˺üӶģΪʱ
Ϻ͹һֱڳԣҲ˰ǡ
سǴ飬ȥĺ϶ϲ֣¹˺ⶼϲúܡ
Ϳ´·ˣźӶų˵صļױ׼ˣĸɩӣҪױģװױĽˣиĲҡͻƿҾ˾͵ĳƥ⻹ұһӣ⺢Ӳϲ鷳Ҫ棬ҲôϲױһĶذɣеŵȵžͺá
˽صģ棬ҲýӹܣضⲢûжȤȻʱһֱҪ⣬Ҫ׼Ḻǿ˳еΡ
ͷͬǱҲ׼Ķػ棬Ľ׼˲٣Ȼ˵ױױһĶء


631 س

ܺãصˣ˵׼ҲغãسɼˣԺǾҲܣʱ㣬԰̤ʵ
Ҫ˵õģؾǰģʶڣزǵãǵСǶǼõġ
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Ϊӣ˼ȥףǳشź˹ɣŹ˵˺ܶ᲻õĻŪùɶе˸С
ǰοųأֲǲôʱԻ
׵Ķ黺뿪ʮױľ󣬵Ǻ䶯ˣö࿴ֵĶȥ˰׼ҵլԺҴֱʵļױöⲻһᡣ
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˵һʱȥˣŵĶҪϼŲ飬ûҵӰӡ
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Ѿ߶Ͻͷ֤Կ϶Ȼ仯е󣬿ֲǰģūýҲūץסһӰū˦ˣˡ
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Űϲ£Һ֮ǰԽ̲ϸĺ£Ҫ˸У밡
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632 

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˵ɥ֮Ȯʱͺˣҵӳ˳ǣڳУΪ֪˻ᵽֻҳǣȥӻ뿪Ȼ¹ٲڹٵС·ϤǳһЩĵطϤ
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ҪЩҶĹ͹ٲһȥѰҵʱֻҪʲôطȽϻֿĶȥѰһ
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вʱĴżķֻ˵ܾˡ
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633 

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οǼǧ˿ƵĹϵ
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ȴ˼˰ҲҪ϶ҧԾ
ˣٲû˿ϧ񣬷һ˺¡
ͳ˶̾Ϣһȴˡ
תܶ˿ºһЦԶ֮ĹҶ֪һʶɵģǸùһ㣬ûԶ飬ҲǺҲԼģԺ飬ĪҪ˵˺ҷ˵ĻǸˣҲδʲôΥ顣
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źܶ˿֣˵˴£ԺʹҽͽͣԽԽס
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ɱźӣһЦ⣬ĪΪɿģٷڿ԰ˣ̫ˣȻǴɱ˵ı仯̫ˡ
һ˶㵽˻ķϵУ˵֮ǰֹ˵ôô󣬾Ȼȥֵط
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ͺҲһңƽʱô˵ÿһζĹĹǷǳϲġ
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ںУͷĴʯͷº˶ˡ
ϻдæﱸ̵Ļ£˦ƹֻǳǮ
Ҳûˣ֮ǰҲֻΪץץˣȻҪٴ¡
ûˣүͳ˳ȥˣͰ״һ
ʱ䲻ǹɱȽѹ֣ʵ˶ѹ֣ÿ춼ĵ
еΣպ͵ĶûˣҲˡ
ȻҪȥú÷һ£ںͰ׼ٯٯģڰζ¥ҲټˣټĳͻȻЩˡ


635 ŭ

һһž۵ˣϲֵģгһ㣬Ҳ
ǰĵ鶼ˣͻȻ䲻֪ʲôˡ
źƵţ̸ߣܵĹš
ūɣ㿴Ӷ˯ˣǷŴȥ𣿡Сţ¹ɲӦ
֪ǵ뱧ŽӶһأͷڻ˯ĽӣǹһĨЦ㿴ӳöɰʱĺóڿÿˡ
ɲǣʱͰ͵ģƤе㷺죬;.۵ƤһģƵʮȥһһ仯ŽС.첻ͣ䶯;Ҹ
ǰǰѽӷ°ɣȻȻҪˣҲȥúϢӽҺͺá
ãҲۣϲ֪սˣǲ
˵鶼ѾˣҲûʲôˣΪλǲӳȥܾôЩǣ飬ڶûлүͳ˳ȥ棬ûҲز
鶼ѹڳϣҲ۵úܡ
ⲻһ˵Ҫȥˣⶼʱ˻ûлҪʱѾˣѲɳˣ
˵Ů˵ֱ׼ģں˼ʱ򣬳ˡ
.͵ģǴӺԶĵطһֻǳȥʱ
ɰѺӵݸ죬̸ϽѺӱ˸ڷ䣬ֻʣ³͹ˡ
źСѾǶԾ֪޶ЩɲģѾ߶뿪ˡ
ɺͳ˺ĬѾ߶ˣɲſڣ.͵ģǴӺԶĵطûгȥãȥʲôطˣ
˵ţ˲һˮ˳ǰǵĿų
һȲůθ˫ֺ䣬Ų豭ܲ豭ȶȣüͷ㻹ûоȥ˱ȽԶĵط㻹ǵŭˮǱ߰ɡ
Ȼŭˮӵ飬Ͼ·ȥ鿴ĵͷ
ŭˮӵѾ޵òôǣˣǵüǰ̻˵ŭˮӴŲ඼쿢ˡ
в׵ĵطϲֱʣѵŭˮӳˣӳı鿴Ǹܡ
ȵô֪ˣ
˵һأɾͲµˣҲ泩һЩ
οһ۳ǳģ֪˰ʲô£
̾Ϣһ˵Ǿ仰ˣĲŭˮӵֻ˾޽˶԰ɣػǰʱ仹ϸлһʵؼҴ͸ڼӵ˶ǱҲ鴦ܺãؾͳϣŭˮ߰иӣǰϺ͸ӵǣǰڶɣ͸ǰؼҴһרųŴˣһֱҲల¡
ȻأɺĿųȴĥ£ѲΪǸؼҴţСϵ˲⣬Ҫţ
ţο˿ڵ֮ǰŵʵʹ˳ȥû˵ĵģϾǺ飬ҲɵøжҲ࣬в
뵽³ĵúܣؼڣԷȻųĽӣộֻЩ˵
ֺһڲ裬ɢСҵؼҴ壬ã£˵һϵ˶ûŹӣؼҴһӾȻŹӣ˵ƫģػû취ֻҹȥȥЩ̬Ҳãͦĵġ
ȴó濴ų˻ɵֻû˵ô򵥰ɣʲôúͬ˵˵˵ѡ
˽ÿһγʱüͷ壬ұֺܲȻǰģȻЩ˵ڡ
Ǻ¹ܣѾףϽҲ˵׾Ǻ
ɰһ۳Ҳý⣬Ȼ鷢ҲӭѶϰ
ǧɲ󣬰ѷ˵һСϵ˵ҲҪţǸҲһţ˵ǱҪ޵ģϾǸؼҴ޽ˣûиޣƲʲôģȻҲͬ⣬ѵ˼䣬Ǿ˿ʼǽӡ
ǻӵģ⻰ʱըˣ
ˣɷŭʵ
Ҳ̹ǡ


636 ǿӲ

ҧһȭͷСϣ۵òУϽѹɵţҶԼָ۲ۡ
۵úܣ̾Ϣһ˺ܶģҪһӸ꣬㲻ǾȰңЩǵݡ
Ҳڻ·϶Ŵ˼ţЩ˱Ԥıµġ
㱨ˣҲֻмȰͣûжֻ֣ǽģٲҲûʲôá
ؼҴ˵ǺܷŭһȺΧЩˣȺߣˣôò
侲Щۣô¡
Сѡʱ֣˵⡣
һ.еˣЩ˲Ե޹ţοȥôˣҪǰţΪ֮ǰһʱ䲻
м϶ʲôǲ֪飬뵽˴̧ͷЩУǳ·̫͵ˣЩУֵ͵۸
ͻȻмĹؼڿɲǰǰСģһֱãǵҽⷢӣҵڵĵλڽ۸˵ˣҲ˭۸
ͬ˵ģ뵽Щ˵žȷ֮ǰ̫ˣӦѾúͺȥˣܿܵõһ£ȥһ˾ǡ
һֱţһɲųºҪչˣô࣬²ˡ
Ǳߵһ⣬Ҫȥǵ̶ҲҪ٣֮ǰҲ˵Ҫ㵽ߣӿԸţҲԳȥһ߿һһֱڼұҲС
ʵϣɺһģܷʲô飬˶໥չ˷֣˽ɣԲڼӡ
е𾪣һֱû˵⣬ͻȻЩӦ
ڼﶼһ࣬һʱ䣬ÿ쿴һ汼࣬ҵص۵úܡ
ݵķһۣתȰѼ鰲׵߰ɣʵڲоһеչŲ£õȥסţҲȽϺ
ȰѼе鴦˵ȥȥ˼һǻߺܾã֮ǰûشӿء
ɿ϶ԸģͳһᣬѾ˵˺ͳүˡ
ɺͳǣȥ˳˵Ժӡ
ڳŸ㣬״Ҳڣ˿ͳү˵ЦѾһ׼̣Ȼ׼塣
͹ɽӾ͸밲¡
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Һɹƿ뿪ˣϵǰ͵˵Ҫȥһˣ֮󣬻ð̶ӵ鰲һһڲµǺǸһǸ¾ͿһˣҺˣ༸꣬˾ͻ⹫š
ĵͦǷɵģܾùɺһûһֱ¡
˲֪ô˵һֱӵѡֻһ뵽뿪һʱ䣬а͸᲻á
ǻõģֻܰȥ¾ͺãʱ˾һǶõģֻ氲ĵ¾ͺá
֪͹ҪʲôΪףΨһľΪǽѡ
үͰ״Ҳ˵ˣɺͳ
״ǿԷģڲģɵҲչţֻܰȥԼ£ĺܡ
ɺЦɵҲչ˺壬ϼǱߵҲģо˾˺չţҲʲô飬ĸȥ棬һҪҶ
ʵǣ˫ﶼǺܺõģҲᣬһжá
ΨһĵֻнӣȻôչˣʼշĲ¡
ȻҲɵģŹɵֵģﲻµģ˵һҪͬ˵
ǣŭˮӵ˵һ飬һ̬Ҳᶨ
ǰǵ͵ֻҪ̫־ãΪ³ǷǣЩ̫֣ԺȡֵģܿȻһ۸ͷˡ
̲ˣӻǸӣǳҲûжԲ˭


637 

үͳԼ״˵Щ˶ŭˡ
ڰѽӵɱһţô޹ɰĺӣȻ˭ܣֻҪǼкӣ˼˶ܺðɡ
һ̬º͵ĳվŭЩ˻浱Ǻ۸𣡾ȻӣӻֻǸӣʲȥǲǻŭˮǱ֣߳
үһǰţƫҼǵСμ·мǲǣӾȥţƫͲСģȷĶϵˣ
ܿ϶СģСģкü̶ʶӦòд
벻ʲôطЩˣΪЩ˻ͻȻ֣Ӱš
״ҲԼĿо仰˵ǺܶԣƱۣƱǰ̫ˣ֮ǰôҲãٱ˶øжԺˣǾˣҲ³򣬲Ȼ鷳»ܶ࣬鲻̣ȥ֪һ⣬ɺͽҲš
ﻹǲ̹һ̲˰˵ҺͬǲǰôǾͲޣͰκζҲ
·ǿɲ㣬ҲǼһͲֵ飬ֻҪкʵĵطǮԣ£ôͻ·
ƼЩСӣϲúܣúúãǶģǾͲСǾʲôʱ뿪
ɲ֪뿪ľʱ䣬ģתͷ˳
˼һµ׼µ鴦뿪ǺܱߵⶼһҲһ㣬ɻһδӣһôãĸܳһʱɣɻȥǼ졣
ǰһͬһȥðѽҲȥ⹫š
ү˵ȥֱӵ˻ȥͱȥˣһôأڳаⰲһ£ýһҲǺõģȰ鰲źˣˣȥǶȥ
ڿɽһʱ󣬳үرϲɽ壬ҪǿɽĴǶ飬
״Цҿɩ˵еذ̥ҲԻشӣﻷãڳöˣȥôĵأ㿴ǻشӣʮ綼߶
ذ̥Ц͡
ǶˣԼˣǰܰһһ㡣
ϰѳغͰ׼Լ϶ˣһһһٷɺͳжɣ˵ʲôͻȥ
ʱȷﻵˣгչˣҲиʱͳȥ¡
ҵ껹ûţǰĵתֵµĴƹкü󲿷ʱǺʹƹ˶Ŀ
ôʱûйϵ飬ſʼʱ಻ϰߡ
ҲȽϿ죬ֻ΢˼˱ѯ˴ƹڽڵ󣬶ҲϤˣٴδʱ򣬵Ӧ֡
ֻһʱ䣬ɾͰŴ˼ϵ飬ҶһЩǳƽûע⵽ġ
ɵĽܺԽðѹɴõġ
ϸһ´ƹ˱ֳڵĺܴ󣬾ҩ˵ȫһһٶ棬Щ鲼Ҳѹ֣ܹͶҩݣն⡣
һٶҩ̣ÿ궼ҩݣѹֽؼҴ帽ļӶֲҩݣ˵
ҩǰڳֻһ۵⣬ΪĹϵڶչ⣬󣬳ҶܺãЩƹµҲ֮ǰһ֮ƹǶʵˡ
ûٳʲô©Ǻ¡
ѹҵĵطϸһ󣬾õ̫Ĵˡ
ɺЦųһûڵӵҲԼҿúܺˣⶼС⣬ǲû
ľóܲˣ뵽ǰһ竹Ӹ磬ڶеصϣͬ˺̫ˡ
ϲɵİοʱˡ
Ұ鴦ˣǾͻؼҡ
촦ҩ̵⣬Ϸ˱ָ˱ȸʲôʱȥҩ̣
ȸشҲǴܹĸֻû뵽ȻǱ߿ҽݡ
һ۵һƹȥģ˵ǿȸ飬ҽ׬ǮԺȥ࿪ҽݣڱǱ̶ӹȥ


638 

ɾðɣƹԽԽá
ΪҿǵƹǺƹ񣬸ӶνֻҪĹͺá
ﻰһ˵һЦ˵ʲôǶԵģЩƹǶҲɱĶңԲôõĴһٺԼ̻׬ǮƹҲͦġ
⻰Ǿûʲô׬Ǯֻ࣬ҪΪԼĿŬһܵõرҲǺô
˸ҩҽݵ˱һȷû⣬ŻصС
ֻ˲ŻصвãһȺ˳ҵĴſڶų֣Щ˱ŭˮŭˮ̼ǡ
˺ͳүǻӵģԳİܿλнҪҪˡ
ŭˮЩˣΪ޽ȻȥؼҴ֣ȻȥڮһųĺӣѾλ˵ۣ鲢ҪүͳԶֻ֣Ҫһ仰˻ͽǰȥ
ڳүͳ˱һ㲻˱ִУʱŭˮ˶֪Ժ󶼲ŭˮţŭˮζΨ޽ŭˮ֮ǰµ˵˳ҡ
ҶɵӣʱЩµ˳ǧָ
Ҫ֪޽СĿԲעӾͻȥˣ֮ǰ˳ＯӣһӲСĿٸҲòôӣЩƽʱֵģ֪Ҫӵʱһ
ŭˮ޽һֱ˵ôһֱû޽ԭĲ롣
֮ǰǼһǮؼҴǱ޽ΪϣȻ˴ȥ֣ؼֱңӶŹûимƺֻҪҲԸæ񼫣İǻ˭ҲԸ
ƽŭˮ˲ը˹Щûвμˣʼ׷ָЩµˡ
ŭˮ򱾾ƽʱҪȥǻ߱ĵطֻҪҪӣöɴɴҲкܶ໵ЩͲȥڣʱܲ㡣
˵ӣֻҪ΢˽һĶףú˵ϵ󣬳Ҳ᲻ܡ
ЩֱӰѳҵˣʱܶ˶ˡ
͹ͨһš
֮ǰԤϵЩ˿ܻṷǽ£ȻŶãֱˡ
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һţͼſֺģжʮ˶ڴſڣÿ˵ı鶼һеߣеһϧе˺ڲѣֻǵɨһȦ
Щ˼ɺͳ󣬶
࣬Ŀųֵ˵֪ΪʲôȥɣŲǲԸ޽˻һһƤЩ۸ͷˣǾǻ𣿡
ƽʱһº͵ˣײᷢ𣬵һεǵˣӲŲ£ͱЩһųӤ񶾣ֵǰ
ֵ˲䰲һסˡ
һλ泤µӻ͵·ڣǼų֣Ǵ޹ذ㿴ܲܰһǣҲ֪һεеˣǡҪǲ޽ĺܿࡣ
һЦۣЩҲǺЦ
ɨһ˵˵ĲǵĺӣǵȻνЩΪǳ˺˵۸Ҳ޼ɵǳҪô˵ͱ˳ԸĨҲֲ۸˭ҲԼ飬òﰲš
Щ޷ΪҪǮţ˺ƣؼҴЩˣӶԸЩ˿ɲʲô֮Ĳм
ЩˣһЦҲһӴô˰ǼЩûϵǶǵĺá
ЦˣģЩ鲢ҪǼǵǺã·ԼԸģǱǿģԼģɲΪǼǵǵĺá
ʲô飬ҪѭģȥЩΥĵ£ˣ϶ỹ
ӶʱˣɵĻԲˣǱں˵Ŀ֮ǰĽǣó˹˼ǡ
ʱһȺ˺ƺƵֵˣֻЩֵԶԶţû˭ǰ
һǳף·вͨģǴѡĴ˿ȴ˵ƿԣʱ˽ˡ


639 °

ĳ˲ֱֺģȻû뵽ɻֱڣƺͲںӣ֮ǰԤȫһ
һλ̲סˣǳôôӣһôˡ
ǣЩӶˣζޣǲ޽ʲô˼
϶ǿŭˮˣȻô

۷׷˵ʲôĶУһȫڿҺԹҵĻ
ر̹ȻӸЩ˵Ļ֮ԱǣƲµЩˣһΪӻǺƴһûô˾˺ʵÿ¡
ɫԽԽڣȻЩѾ̵˼ޡ
üͷһӣԭվǰάļҶʼŵЩԹһ죬ٶ˵һ仰
ǮҲԼ׬ģ˭Ͱ˭ʲôϵǵǺЦˣһָңҲˣͿʼ˺ҳͰѻ˵ǲ޽ģģڮٳҵĻáĻҲֵٸ
⻰Щƿԡ
һЦǲԣȱɺãʲôǶԺúġ
ɵɫҲãЩ˺ʧǺú󣬻߰µЩ˽Ǹϸ˵е˳ˣҲûϵأָǼңԸҪˣʵǻҲ٣ǲǵǵĶ飬ҲǵǼҵĺãȴƾָʲôҪǸ棿
ķŭЩ˵Ҫоٶʧ͸
ӱҲסˣεǸղų嶯ˣǵǸ
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˵꿴˻ſ£ֱȥٸЩҥڮǳҵˣץҡҲֱŤ͹ٸЩ˲ÿǺ˵Ǻ۸仰ɼǵˡ
⻰˵ģʵ˵ֵܿġ
ֵܿǲִ󣬶һϹ۵ӣе
ҲЩ˷ʱ䣬ϾЩ˶˵ȥҲûʲô塣
תͽԺӣ»档
ŭˮЩЩ˷ŭЩ˺ڡ
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ôˣϷ˵ǵѯʣԺǽĳ
³Ϸ˵ģϽǰųϷ˰οû£Ѿˡ
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ĵİοûµ־ְɣô֣ǲܾˣ˵ǣһױǻҪЭЩ˻֪ôȥ
⻰еϷ˾ãӦ
ųϷ˵ֱ۵ͷģҺͽ鴦ˣЩǲǣ˵治ܹЩˣǲԸǮ˵ʲôĶУЩ治ܰ
ʲôܰʲô˾ҲǵĺãЩ˭ףѹжĴмӦˣЩǾԲܰġ
֮ͬǰĹ̫̫һңЩ˶ѪĹ
Ϸ˵ҲǺ¡
Ȼ㶼˵ˣæ˵ҲҲ¶˾ģ˭˵׶
˿̬ȼҲֻ뿪٣вʵġ
ŭˮˣֵȻҲȥղֵĴſڣһͱð
һ󣬿뿪
ԺС
ɱŽӣָŽӵıӵӵûС
ֻȡСȴûȡȡ²ǺԣΪȡãǳүͰ״ȢܺЩ
ûأ͸ɵѾȡ˼ʮ֣ûѡһʵģ鲻ǰȷͺˡ
ɰѽӷڴϣ¹ʼʰҪߵ·ѾҺˣԿȽ⡣
ڶ죬ɺͳʹŽ
׼ؿɽ壬ô˵һ뿪ܻܾã鰲źǺбҪġ
Ƿ飬࣬΢ϢϢˡ
ΪźӣҲܼŸ·ԻʱŻصɽ塣


640 

Ӻ֣˵ֺܶ࣬ɵͣſڣſΧһȦڿ֣ЩĽԺӣȴԺִ滹Щң͹ִ˾ȻǾｭϡ
ɫЩãüͷ͹ôأ¶Ҳкô˸һֲҩݣҲɣôͲˡ
ҲŭҲ˸£˲ϧһҩҿˣǮûô࣬Ҳҳ֣֪Щҩ죬ЩҪǮұƽô̫࣬֡
û뵽һؼҾ¡
˵ĳ֣ôˣ΢΢ҪΣµ黹Ƿˣһڧεġ
ڳʲôͻȻͽɵֹͣ˻ͷεĿŹɡ
ϹЦݵ˰ݡ
бźӣҲû˵ʲôֻǴһк󣬾ͰѺӱݡ
ɿ˶ڿ֣е㲻ڣͷſֵǵͷҾȻȥɡ
˶ʶȤģ֪Ǵ£Ǽ¾ЩʶȤˡ
ȵ˶ɢȥţϺܲ˼վԺм䣬رڡ
ɵĿһ۽ϵ˵ɡ
εúܣ͹ôֶԣɻȴһˣĵе¹ɣرˣԹɡ
֮󣬹ɲŷŵ˲٣º˫ڣ⹫Ҳڣųֵʱ򣬼˾Ȼš
Ȼ֪ʲôǾǶԵģͽ˶ˣֵò졣
ּɵʱ̾ϢһҲö˵ﲻԡ
˵⻰ʱΡ
ڼʱֺԼ˫֣±ռ˫Ϊ»ϳ˺üΣϲأ˭ĻŪһ˶̹
վſڣҲ˼¡
˫һ۽ϵ֮ǰͺ˵ԣðǶˣǲ˵˵ǽǼ磬鸺Źϵһ㲻棬ǵ̯Ӷǰʰ컹֡
Ŀˣһڽϣֱ̫ˡ
Ǽн쿿˭ǹһҵİûйһңǹӹúܡ
أŹ˼ӣϾͿʼҲˡ
ϵͷҲ̧ͷ˿е˶˽ϡ
۵úܣ˵˺üˣϲҲˣ´˶ڿ֣Ҳл
Ҳ˵ʲôúǶԲԵˣЩæҶԸģ˵űϾݣԶףڸķҲӦðæ֣ĺܡ
Ѿˣϻǲ㡣
ӺҲǸ˼Ǿá
ǾӦðˣϾ˶ڱΪʲôˡ
ԥһ»ǵѾ֪ˡ
ﲻ̹ҸǸһҩ㲻û֮ǰĻԽԽ֣Ҫô˵
龭ˣҲЩϲġ
ãЩﻹǲ˼˵ڣɣһˣΪ˱˰ǵĹϵŪˡ
ϻǲģŽϽϡ
úܣͷҵһǰߣʵû취֮ǰһؼҷúܣҲ֪׬Ǯˣҵʱţ˺ڣڡǺڱǡ
˵׾ΪӣһγŪˣҡͷԽϵеΡ
ҪԼӹ泩ʱҪģ룬нôùЩ˰ʲôһҰʲôľǺ˭ף˭Ҫ
֪ûףȻҲ᷸Ĵ
´˿̿˿ڣ⻹˵϶ǹùüҸףǼҳԲǻᣬ⹫ź;˾ûٳǣȥҲǸڿ࣬ǵҲ٣ͷأ鲻֪ôΡ
ҲرƲ𽭼ǱߵˣҪǾƷ⣬κΣ˵ˣֲ


641 

ϱ˵ĵͷкܲڡ
ȷˣǰʲôӣʲôӡ
ֻ˿ڣûϾ׼ң໥Ӧõģ㲻ܺ޵ߵİ飬ӦþǣǸǣԼûգҲֲǰɣúǼҶԲԵ㣬ԲԵˣ
ϵʹԴεúܡ
˫Ҳ֪ô˵̬ý֪ʲôʲô
̾ϢһʲôҶֹ㣬ʱӦöߵˣҩó˶Լ˵ЩƷԣ㲻Ҳ˵Ҫ۾˵ϹǾͶԲ𳤽ˡ
˫ʵҲΣһǽŪģ컹͹ֱ֣
Ǽн죬˭ǹɣǹޣôˡ
еպѹ֣ҲЩء
ɲָϣǻҶѵûһΣһλǸǸģԾʱ͵Ժ󽭼ҩݣþ£һɲգ˳֣˵ԼģһζЭֻԽԽ⣬Ϊ룬㵱ɼ˶ԴͲԴγãѲõҩˡ
⻰˽ϣýϻһ̧ͷɣжһ˿Ρ
ҡҡͷеۣúǲ
ϳĬˣ׹˵ĶǶԵģ˵ȷûаһ£İɼˣҲԴγˡ
ϲ˵ˣվеĿŹɵͽԶ𣿡
ɿһ۱źӵĳǰ׼ͽһԺţһλǺ˵ģʱҲһ˳ߣƵһʱ䣬ӵҲ׼ڴסһʱ䣬ҲҰѽչ˺á
˫˶ᣬҰ״ҲҽϺߵ׶ദܺãһûʲôĵģΨһǵǺӣôСҪѺڼһʱ䲻˼֪Ҳ֪
ƫȥĵطܰѺӴϣҲǹر顣
Ϻ¹ɣ֪һʱΪӣıﻵˣͿɲڼŵˣߣ⣬Ҫܡ
ȻҪΪӺãӣӲ赲ĽŲ
Ϊģǰźúչ˺ӡ
ǰѺӱ˻УСģѾ˯ˣĽӣЦݸãŴ˳͹ɳŵ㣬СʱÿˣԽԽϲǰĶûرĸоǿˡ
ǰչţҪʲôֻȥˣģﲻġ
ɺͳһۣůůġ
ľúˣûֶ¶񶾵ţҲȫȫĺãȥϲ飬ϱӵ˶úܣ̵ףϣҪ۸ҪԼǿ뱻۸˱۸
һֱŬķܶΪ˹ϸõ
ϵʱһ䣬Ϊڼﰲû뵽죬߰˸˺ƺƵ˴ӡ
ⳡ棬ͺ
𾪵ĿŷŭĽˣվߣ˶ſûý˽Ժӡ
Ϊ׵˹ʶǽϵĵѣվڽߵǽҴӽ˳Ͷӽţںļ˭Ҳʶ׵ʱӡ̵Ҳֻǰˣͣźǽҵ
еǰôˡ
˳ôô˳ۣǼǰҹϵãΪҲԣһֱҲƲˣû뵽Ҷ̶ֱ׬ǮˣҪҰæ˾Ȼġ
֮ǰҩݲôǿӣӵҲˣϹʲôģȻչҵҩݣⲻ̫ô
ۿŽǲ˵ˣ֮ǰҩΪʲô˻ЩҩݿǴܶ໧˼Ҳģͻñôǣҵˡ
ɫһףת뵽ɺͳڣҲڣ˵Ҳѡ̧ͷô˵ɲҸ㶪İ˵ˣչһҵҩݾ͹ˣԼҪȥҩݣҩֲע֪һҩݣһҿ˶ӡ


642 ˳

ɫϲ˭װ˵ģ͹ҹϵãһжܰǸ㶨ҵǸ㶨أҩݵƷһ㣬ֲǲãѵĲҩݣ˵ҪˣЩҩѲɻУôһТŮ
˳Ҳһ㣬ɱˣСʱ˭㣬ģңЩҩ˵ҪͲҪˣǹǵĴҪǲҪûȥôʹ˽ǼһҪҪˣһҩ£ȥҲø£ȻҾûá
¶мЦĪ֮ǰЩǼٵİɣѹؼΪҫʲôʱˣ
һʱ䣬ɽѾۼһˣ˶ˣһ֣Ǻ¹һҳԿٿԳųӰ
˱Χм䣬ȴţƺѿɽ˷С
ɱߣ˶ȤĿŽ˱ݣɺγף˵һǹ˵ġ
û뵽Լ˻˲ҪȥҲûҫ ˵еԲ񽭵Ѻͽ˳˵ȥװ˵ΪĺϾһֱǰˣƺʶô
ĿŽŵ˵⻰˺˰ʲôʱˣһؼôͬ˵ģ˵ǣҪǲҩڳǰ˵˵ǰǵҩչˣҩҪʲôҲ˵ˣҩôĳҵķǵҩݣһҩݺһ㣬ΪӰѴ˵ҩˣ͵ǲҩݣ浱ԩͷ
˿̵Ľ̬ǿӲ֪ｭˣⱲӶͽַˣԺ
ףǰһжǹ˸ģң˵Ĳеĺͼ.鶼ûˡ
ѵһ۽ϣ㻹Խ˵Խˣڷˣ˵ùȥ׬Ǯ˲ӦðТŮѲĺģԲôòůͿˣ
ϱѵĻЦˣǰԲůʱû˳һңʱǹɲһңľİʱĽʲôطڵãʲôˡ
νļأγΪνӣ
ļ˻ǼЩˣĿŽ˷ŭЦһ޳ȥŮóȥˮ⻰׿ڶ˵ģҲҵԣԺʲôȨܣҪͬңǲͺˣн쿿ǳһҰڼõʱһѣҲ御ˣԼջᣬһжԹҡ
һЩ˵󣬶ʱ¶ˣ ֮ǰ˱ȵʱоˣҲͶˡ
ûϵϻᶥײϾǰĽϻǺܹɵģȫӡ
ƺһТŮҪ֪ТҾͲ㡣
̲סˣվ˵ͷ˰
ͷأͻȻֳһµģ̣ܴҽŮʲô£Ҫ졣
ҲˣƵģʵûı¡
ۿŽѵҽˣǴӵʱʲôӣﶼǿеģʱӿɲùǽǸʱʲôطҶǶģҪһѣչǵҩҲȥĳչҩݾ㹻ҩжôﶼϴЩĳҩݣ˵ģǴʱӵĶǿ
ʱҲЩҩݣ֪ҩжǿ϶ģʱĴ˺ö඼⿴ϣԭǽš壬һѾŬİˣҡ
ʱĽﻹŽˣ˵ʲôϻšˣվ˵乫ģȻҲ棬ｭ˵һ仰
һԺܸжû뵽ؼʱǴվң˵ЩҪ˵ģչҩݣŹæչġ
֮ǰϣŽ˸֣뵱޵ݡ
ԼֲûһεĶˡ
šģԺҪ


643 

ؿһһŭ˼㣺˵˵͵ҩôˣ͵ҩôãݡ
ûﲻ𣡽ҪΪɶҪչʮҩݣƫƫǽҴҩԼģǰһΣʮ˶֪ɾƫǴӵ裬Ūøû취ã˵ֱܹ𣿲ԼģҲ˵̫࣬ǲ㣬ֻᱳ˵һҲ
ǲµˣô˭
Σ˸ʱ򻹲ûʲôֵġ
˳ûϽסѣָŴŮҪ£
һ仰̰ѿɽǷŭˡ
һ˻ɽҰǰѿɽûзУͽ˵Щ̲סķŭˣ˳һȻҶŴСеģΪǿɲݡ
С̳˳ǰһ˽˳ϣŭûô˵أǴҰԲѷ
˶ʱкãùСһߵúá
˳û뵽ﻹ˳£ڵ˲ԸΪʲôڿɽЩһˣһų˿⡣
˳ߣſ϶Ը⣬˳һϵĽӡͽŶһۣѵСֵܸպ뷨ûʼ֣СӺ͹Ӿ˳
ܴС´ζֺϲˣ˵㣬ô嶯ŪҺ綼ûֵĻᡣ
ҪֵĽ˳ͽŶѹס˳嶯վС
û뵽ɽôϲ£һֻʹ˹ϵӦûжõģôģͿɽദܺðѵʧˣ
ڽɻһҪʲôʱ򣬹Ҳˣϰ˵ôԺˣҲ˵ʲôģֲʶôˣҪҲա
⻰һѺͽŶˣ˳ѿڶǵļºûϵ
ɼˣЦˣ˵ܿ˰ɣӽ쿪ʼҩǶգأҲǿɽ£ɧҾ˾һңݹҲҾ˾˺˵ҿûô˵
̬ǿӲһϯýסˡ
ôҲԶݣΪСǾͲЩĵʹɡ
ЦһԶݣҿûݣǰǵݿҾĸҩʱǾӦԴϵҩݷ£ǵΪʧ
ԽѾˣû뵽Ľ
֪ƤҲںһң˵һ˵ҩݲҪڶΰҩҲڲҪ
ҩ̫ˣȻ͹ӣžǿҲ£˰ǲҪ̫֡
֪˭ܵｭϣôףڽѵŮҲ˵ʲô˵Ͳһˡ
ε㿴֮ǰǺͿ֮ǰҲûк˵Ҫʲô
ЦˣʱŰƵأֱҪ̫֡
Цϵǻжأûк˵Ҫʲô𣿴һʼҾͺ˵ˣҪҩҪɾȻ͹Ҳ£ҩݶæù˲ǰˣ㻹ֱĳôҩݳ˲ģҪǰҵŮͲΪˣΪνӣ͵ҩˣоǣɽҳ֣ô˵ǰָңȴδʡԼ⣬ʧ
ǰǲô˵ŹദôãȻȻҲ֪ô˵ˡ
ؿһһģҲ֪ʱֻתòҵһ׬ǮŵٿʮԽԽãֱֲܶҩˣǴ˵뿿ɽȽԶĴɽöҩݡ
ӼҵӣĶʮˣδȢޣЩҪӵİûļҹԸ޹
ѹеŭ˵ûԺҩݱ֤á
Ͽ뿴ѣˣǼ޳ŮһӲҲ˵ʲôߣֲԲ𽭵ѡ
˼ȥת˫˫ӡ


644 ϵ

˫ʱ׽ϵ˼ûԥЯǮóݸ˽ϡ
ߵ˽ǰֱ˽ѵеŮ󾡵ТģҪǻʲôӣأԺҲȽæƲʱ㡣
һ˵ģǰ˵û˳żܿ˲һҲΪʲôɵġ
ӣͻȻЩˣƾ˵ǺТ˳ģƽøֶؼҿ˵ҲТ˳ҲһҲԣֻһνûкǰһЭѡ
һʼֳ֪Ͳȡˡ
˳ͽе㼱ˣڼָһˣȻĺӱȢϱУеݣҲֻнǮһЩ
ǿɲǼǮۿˣˣϾͺûйϵˣһǻǺģͽĻӳ׽͵ķǮֹӡ
˳סУҲͬ⣬Ӿ֮Ĺϵ붼Ҫ롣
û뵽һһҪάļˣȻ޳ܡ
ȻһЦôӲ
Ըʲôúܡ
ô꣬˳ûĹһֱľĶԴˣͷʧ
ֻʱ򣬽˳뵽ǣֶԺķǮɡ
ò˵˹Ȼãһ¾Ͳµˡ
뵽ɿ쵽ն̬ȣѾôˡ
磬һκ磬ƽʱҶ⣬ΪҰǵɼˣ֮ǰЩҲ⣬ʱΪʲôһһεҪأûҲҪ˹ģ֣ûһʲôǸû
ֲ֪żˣʱпܣϾż档
ܵܣҪΪãˣͲӵ顣
Ҳ뿴˶ΧڴڣӸϽ߰ɣǿɽ岻ӭ㣬ҲȥҾ˾˵鷳һûôõˣҾ˾˾ĸƢãҵƢá
⻰ҲǾ˼ҵ鷳Ҳȹһء
ʵͦηɵģɵΪʹʮ磬Ǻ͹߱ȽϽˣȻҲ֪һߵģ˵ǾԲǵġ
ߵ죬Ϊˣյĵ̼ټңͲһ򵥵ҪԸһңֱ׵úܡ
Ҫ͹ӲӲҲ䡣
ɲͷӸϽ
ҲɫһߣǴ𣿡
ӣҸ˲Ҽȥˣ뿪˴ӡ
·ģһ·϶ֲԹ鱧Թˡ
˳뵽ͷôҩݣͳüôҩô죿Ҳûðҩֲᣬ˻ǻȥأҪǲã˿϶ῴǡ
ⱲӣӿرҪģҺùСղһڿɽߵģߵĻ϶ỹ֣ڴ򲻴Ӯûпǹ
ͰӷŽǮ̾ϢһЩҩݼҲǮңǳˣû뵽̬ǿӲͲǰ
ô붼ףһֱǻŮѵ䣿
һˣ϶ǹڱͼӴףϵ
ɾ֪ǹڱΣǾ֤Ҳҹ鷳ڵĹ˿ɲǵġ
˳ۣûæǼԺӸѹˣ뵽ҪȢϱҾͼòС
˾ʲôȻֻ֪ˣں飬˫ܹá
˼ûֿˣ׷뿪
ҲӻȥˣʱҺҿ϶Ҫ£һ˾Ͳˡ
ϸŽԺĳŸˡ
һ£˫͵һεľǶԵģĹϵú飬ȥĻһӶù
Һòн죬ҲԽԽãϣһܶ࿪֦ɢҶΪ̫ࡣ
ԽҲһֱˣϧ̫֣ҲԶ֪ÿһεĳ֣ǼõĽ


645 ȥ

ɲٵҲо¶̹ˣǰҪǵĸܣÿһζСź򣬽أʱҶΪԼֵá
ʵϻһһκģǰΪ˽ԼίȴΪ˽ίԼ
ĻԳ˼ϾǺ˲ˣˡ
˫οļ˰Ժչ㲻͵ˣҵͱˣҲ⣬а֮ǿԺúùˣչ㡣
ְοʲôǼôҲɣǲֹӲţ㲻ܲ˵ˣ԰ģҪʲô飬һҲǻί㡣
Щýж֪˶ãƽʱȡ֣ҲûԺһҲܺðɣ뵽Ҳûôˡ
ɺԭ֪ʱ᲻ģҺͽһߣ֪ʲôʱڼһҪչ˺ԼУȡֵģһҲǼûǣǵ
һҪ飬Ҳá
ֺͬҲôģǼҹö࣬ʱЩ˿ûæҪ˵ʲôҲǷǵģͽһȥһҪչ˺Լ׬Ǯ׬ǮĲûôҪǼҵǮҲ㹻ˣô˵Ҫ֪֪
ҲǰͽһҪչ˺Ը׬ǮûҪ
Ҫ˵ĹɵһǹϣһǳǵľҲ治ˣɰͽһȥһҪչ˺Լر壬⺢ӴС͸ǳԿ࣬ӻû϶أͿʼߣҡ
һ᲻ãҲֹ֪ɵľ
ůůģǣнչҲµģҿɲǰˣǰûмҶڽգһǻʮҶţЩ书õļҶȥ˾ǻھǶһʱ䣬һлҪշ˾ȥǣ常Ҫסһʱ䣬ƽҲᱻ
ڼס죬ɺͳæҪˣɽ֪ɺͳһҪԶ⣬ߵʱ˶·עⰲȫ
ижѣĶⳤģǺġ
ϣɱŽӣŪţСӿʲôССģɰúܣӲְ޵ĺӣŴ۾ŹЦţǶ
˱ȴĿ뵽ɸһֱҲæµ̧ͷɣܿˣȢؼ帣ġ
Σں˼˰ɣؾͱЩ߰ˣҺϲ㵽⣬Ҳϲ㶫ߣֻҪܺһҾˡ
ѹɿŵеɣһչ˺ģȢҵĸ
еɬЩҰһȥǣǰðɣֻǣǾǵĲҵر࣬ƹȥҲ¿ʼ
ҵڰǸȻӣࡣ
𿴳ڰǸǸһҪЩĴ˱ǲ̫࣬ɵĿǸ£ǰһС
Ҳ֪һȥΪǰж
ŹɵָܽѣҶһԣһᱣġ
һ仰ɾˣ۵ų֪㰲ģҲȵġ
صǣҪ׼ĶͶһ뿪Ĳ֪ʲôʱϵҪүһ飬Ҳ᲻ýӣҲͳ˶һЩںӵע
غͰ׼Ҳˣһ뵽ɺͳҪôã͸᲻ãɩҪ
ŵİǣҲֻܺ͹ɶ˵˵
һιˣܾúܾòܻеĲòԶ
ɵҺæ˾ͻǱֻҪȶһʱڼչ˺õһʱֻˡ
뵽ɺͳĺã̲ס᣺ʲô͸磬ɩӣһҪƽ
׼ҲǲãֱӺࣺܶɣǷչ˺Լڼչˡ
ԺĹĺѩҲˣŶ˼˫ԼЬ
ذǵĵ죬ͣ˳ſڣһǹɺͳģװĻڳſڣʮڻҶеĳ˳еıŸͷ


646 

˺ͳүڳҴſͣܶ˶ˣ˵ˡ
һε飬˳һˣҲǰƶʣ˱ˣڿ˭ƽ͵ģҲû֮ǰĸ߰ǰȫһ̬ȡ
˱˷ţ뿪оȻЩãֹǺùҺԶ
ڿ϶УرڵɢˣйĶϱγ岻
Ȣǹɣ϶ʡĺܶ࣬ӵҲɣֻϧе鶼û
ڣȴ޿κΣֻܽеʵ
͸һЩ֮ǰʧ˸ı䣬Ҳο̫ˣж︣Ҳȫ㣬ҲԶСӲᶨҲңʱҪȰ˵㣬ҲɽԺͱЩˡ
ﻹǲζ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬˲١
ܶȷǿ󲻵ãֻ˳Ȼˡ
˵ĶԣǰӾˡЦ˵š
ЩվһԵĳ˶أҲ⣬һ۾Ϳ˹ɣôõϱŵңҲ͵ǵ˺Ϳ
˿εҲû
˳ǣƿһ۳ǽ˳ᣬĳӽϣһȥǿ϶ҲҪѺͻȥкҩģҵҩúܺãΪҩݺãھҲܶҩ궼ҩݡ
һ·ϣɶֳ˺棬Ͼ֮ǰ߹ԶĵطǰǸܵķ羰ҲȻġ
ᣬôϲ磬ֻҪ·羰õĵطͣ£ùɿߡ
ٲǰͻȻ˺ܾûмĶƺͺɻͶƺͻûϵȥʲôطˣ
ͳ֮󣬶ƺͺһأ˾ӳȥˣôһֱûϢдŻÿζ˵ȥʲôط
ҡͷͶƺͶǹִˣҪȥһأҪͷأ֮ǰҵƹ˵˵ھǼˣֻ˵ãһƹ񿴵ˣŶչһ£Ͳ֪ȥʲôط
üͷƺͻһ㣬ͲϣеãҲ뵽ġ
˽ˣ֪ʲôƢ
ͬ˵ǶԵģ˵ȷЩãˣҪˣܰһһѰɣ뵱ǼֵܹϵôãԶڱ߹Ҳ֪ˣ޸Һ𣿡
֪һʼϲԶġ
ҸųЦҸڣ֪ʲôЩȥˣҾһʱ򣬾Ѿ˺Զĸ飬Щ㶼ӣҾúҸҲ޶ˡ
жıŹɣĺҸ
⴦ٲ棬ɱúߣ˽˱һûʲôߣ̴ӳĻ
ϲСŮ˵һ棬Цû˿ǵģٱһ
ɵһ۳Ϸˣ˿أҲ֪ߡ
һѱסЦұԼϱʲôߵģɣǹӰɡ
ЩˣҲϲӶһ㣬ֻһȷæӦæǾ
˿һᣬ׼صϣȴת뿪ʱƳԶٲվһϤӰͣ£ָǵϤӰ㿴Ǹ
˷Ų˵ͶƺͣͻȻϤıӰȻ
ֻһۣȷô
ɺͳһۣǰ
ٲ񣬲뱻ͻȻ˼ŵôһ¡
һͷȴɺͳվ󣬾ô
û뵽ôɺϵ飬ֵطˡ
üôֻһˣƺأ
ɫһ䣬ЦһҸطú˵˵ɡ
Ϊٲ˹棬ٲԶĵطһ弣ڴܿٲλúܺá
˿λ£˲󣬳ĿŶƺ͵ͬҺú˵˵ʲô£
˽ģʹղŵ飬ܿܶ⣬Ͷƺ֮˲졣
ЦϵĿɬùɶ̲סüͷԣĳ˴顣


647 

ˮɺͳһ˵һ˵Ҿʹͬ˵˵ɣҺͶƺһǧӳţ׼һ֮һж˳Ҳ֪ҴСûôԹͷЩ϶УƺҲһھ챦ĥк˻һѾ̸ãϵȵıʯǻϵȵĳУҺͶƺͻǧ˳У˵㻰󲻸ǻˣҲͰˣǷĳҲ⡣
ǵѵûеˣ
̾ϢǳǶƺģ˵һԶݺܿɿһֱģʱһһǧӣƺֻӣǷֳ⣬ȥҶƺ͵ݣôҲˣƺͲ˵ǳ˸ԶݣֻȥȾˣŵӵĺͬˡ
˵ЩµʱǺģΪƺͻ̹ϣǳ飬ƺ;Բ˵Щ顣
Щɬû뵽뵽Щǻʹһǿһǧ˰ӣºӲң֮ǰ˵һ˸һӣԸ⣬˵Ӧ鱦⣬ҲڿڱƭϢʱ͵͵ˣˣǱƭʱھǵƹæֻ¶ûǮؼҡ
һǧӳϻǮִִŵġ
ʣµӾͲˣǳƹһӣֻµֻذˡ
˵ҲЩܣû뵽ƺͻ
Ƕƺȥ֪𣿡
ҡͷЦӻͦ࣬һǧӰɣھ˶ƺһʱ䣬ûҵмҲһС⣬ʵûӣòҲ׬ӣշˣ׼ȥǣ
Ŀһ۹ɣҺ׼Ѿǵú÷չһ£үҲǹȥ˵ǵҩ
¶Ľ飬̾ϢҲҵûĻ㵱Զƺͣһм䣬ҺĹϵãرҺüΣأԼ⡣
ƺƭܣҲ¹ֲκˣֻܹԼ
ҪҪŶƺͣͲᷢЩ顣
ɿڵô죿
Σô죬ֻܻؼˡ
ƫԴһһؾǰɣôûһɾͣӣذǹҲĶ԰ɣҲȱˣ㲻ǲҺͽֻܰǵҪͺãٲҲȥá
ұûжӣܸƺǧӣҲǼˡ
ƺ;ȥҲû档
Ҳ̬ȳϿңֵܣ֮ǰҪ໥֮ǰҲ㣬ƺĻˡ
ϴξ¥£ͿƺͱˣƺֵܣͲǡ
ֻǶڣ档
ҲҪʲôˡ
𾪵Ŀų͹ɣû뵽ʱԸ
ĸжúܣԸңɺͳ¶ˣǱĻȥĲġ
кõѡҲԸȥ
ǰΪֻкõѳŪ˳˳ˮģǰôܸųһ⣬δһ¡
Ϊġ
ϵҲƭ㣬Ҫһ⣬ҺһλھǴϺܳһʱ䣬ȤԸһҸдһţʱһȥ
ڵĳѾһ˵İˣѵóѵ
гдţȥҲиˡ
Ըдţ
Цãֵ㻹ŲңˣҲԵ֣úø£һܿ㲻ɣҪԸԺƹҲǲԡ
ĶˣҵĴƹһ׬ӣȶƺͼҶࡣ
ΪƹԺ󻹲óĺģҲͷذ
ֺǺǵ˵ʲôʲôҶ㡣
˺һ뿪Ͷ࣬㱻һϡ
룬һ·ϵ˵Ц˿ĺܶࡣ
ɶûж⣬Ĳ˵˵˵ϣõҲûëǡ


648 ̲

Ϊƺ͵飬ı˺ܶ࣬ϵİûˣܶҲĽˡ
һºڳ;浽˾ǡ
ڿҪǵʱ򣬾˸үţó͹û뵽ǣүȻڳſڵţɺͳĳʱǰ޶ȥ͡
ʢȴȻҪȥɺƿžǵķ٣ò˵Ǹ̫ˣֵʱܿ𷢱۵ˡ
Ľֵ㲢ʻҲӵֵ԰̯ߺȵСܶࡣ
޶˸粢ûȥ̶ֻӰźãúóһٷϻѣӺױ
һ뿪ֻ˺ͺչʳӣǰ˵Ҹżң˶Ը⡣
Щ鲻ǿ󣬹Ҳغͺѡûбȡ
ûҪźͺС˴ŽɾðүǺܵ͵ģ٣ۡûеݻ
үһɣҵҲҵӦϵҲˣϾȻˣϾⱲϲľ׬Ǯ
ȨʲôõģȻǰѻҰҲְȨˣȨҲûȨһ
ߵطܻ˵ѣʲôʲô
С˴˰ү鷿͹һȥͿҵɢźֽܶš
үüչдʲôƺдĲ⣬дϼ˺˷
үЩɻ󣺡үʲôˣ
ү̧ͷֺǺǵվ˵ˣҼǷ޾ͰˣӱҴˡ
ɺͳϽ񣬰үһֵϽˣûбˣЩǸ˿ģǷ޸ϽһˮԲԣ֪ˮеı̲ɵʱ򣬱̲ҪûˮˣеİվֻܳˮˣĥţҪһˮǣԺûˮˣ԰ѳеˮǷˡ
ɶԾǲ˽⣬ү˵һ
ǳԵƱȽ˽⣬Ƚӻ޽ˮǲԣֻǳǽô죬ǵĳǽǺܺġ
үǳ£̾ϢһҾǵ£ǲ֪ǽд߳ҶʯҪˮҲԡ
µһ㰡ʯͨͺˣˮʱñǱǽӭж˰
үüϸŵôʯػҪƹҲװɡ
뵽ˮСҲҪ̫ˮ޽Сˮͺˣߣֱƿǽһӽǡ
̺ܴ󣬵Ҫˣ츣յ顣
ˮ·ĻҲһѡ񣬱ĳǶлǺӣƫûУҲ
ү뵽ƿǽ̲סüĻ᲻ϾǽûƿˣĵҲ׽
ȷҲһ⣬Ҳܽģֻ˼Ƭ̾뵽˰취ȫڿǽֻƿһӣڳſӵ޽ʱ·ǽλ÷ˮӹֻ̣ҪˮͿˣеֿԺ
ȻҪˮǣðѻǺҲϣһеˮҲɾ峺ˮܱˮðɡ
ģĽү᲻ɾһˡ
˼ǺӵȷҪǰȥڹǻϵĳǳضлǺӣţǹĻǺӺܿ
үҲ֪Щ̾Ϣһʱ;Ҫ޽Ǻӣֻϧô귢һЩ飬ʺ˲ƣһֱţ˵İ취ǲУֻỨܶӣʵǲʺϡ
ֲӯ
ÿʱر׬ǮͿܶõ顣
뵽׬Ǯ˷ܵĿų͹ɵʲô׬Ǯŵͬ˵˵ɺãҲ׬Ǯˡ
һϲǰүܺһ⣬ͻٺܶ鷳٣Щ۾ҪΪǵˣˡ
үھһѱɡ
Ҫǰ˻ӵƷҲҪһ⣬Ҳİ˻ˣʲôĻ
Ҳӭ˻Ӹһ⣬棬ǶȽϺá
ųȳڡ
ܹ˻׼ʲô⣿Һɲǣƻǰҩһ㣬˳űǳ⣬Ҳ֪ǳҳһֱܺá


649 ϻ

үȻҵĵϸҲ֪õľǳкҩݣΪ⣬׬Ǯ϶׬ǮʺϺͳһ⣬Ͼ˼Ҽⶼ·ˣҲṩʲôֱӼȥԵҪռǱˣɲ
˼һ¾ֱӿڵ·Ҳʺϼûб⣬ģ
ʵ뷨·һֱڸǽ鱦ЩʯɫÿεĻ϶׬ǮЩΣֲڣһֱû
ֱʯأԼӹһ׬Ǯġ
ȻͰүô뷨Ҫ˵˴˼ҲԺú
ɿүʵһܺõ뷨ǲ֪Բԣ˵˵Ƕ˵Ļ϶׬Ǯ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲΡ
үЦеĿŹɵ˵˵Ǻú
ɵͷ鱦⣬˵ЩҲ뷨˺ܶ࣬ÿһζ鱦ΣΪЩ鱦θûͲǵºܶлѹ˻Ǻܶ˲Ҽ鱦ģЩʯüֵܺã㿴õıʯ֮ĶܵһʯģǰѸֱʯһַ鱦Σ˵һ⣬ͶĻҲȽ϶࣬׬Ǯ׬ǮӦ
˵׬Ǯ˵ǮǾôô࣬ÿһ涼һȺŬҪҶȻѣĻҲȽϴǴҶûأҪǰǵ˵鱦ͳһƳΣռȻ
ү˫۷Ź⣬Ŀɷޣǰ̾ɵ뷨׬Ǯ
ر𼤶뷨ʵ̫ˣȫ֧㡣
ɻһЦδҲ˺ܶΣүԸĻǿһ⣬֪ݲվǰ棬վǰ齻Ƿ޾ͺˣֻҪں֧Ǿͺãڽ㲻òģǳȻ˺ܶನۣӻóġ
үижϲ⣬˶֪ϲ⣬˵үе࣬үû˭ǮģϲⰡʼ滹Ҫģ˽˵˵ҲûϵֻҪ˵û¡
Ϊô֤ܵûпˣֵεˡ
ҲҪģǵ˶ǼǣסʲôطʲôģЩҿ԰æҵЩ鱦ǵˣǢ̸£ҲøȥЩ˺ܶ඼ʵһƻڣǲҷ
ͷ㲻ȥҲȥģүӦüǵԶĵܵܰɣǾͱЩ˰һװʧǧӡ
үԳߵ˶İʧӺҲֻΪ̾Ϣ
޶˵ȻǴôܲǮһӳҳӣֳݣǷݡ
ɸϽܾҺͽһˣռһݾͺˡ
ү֣УǷ޵һ˶԰˳˳ˮģúܣвǶܶһˣɲһæ
ү֣ճ͹ֻܴӦ
˴һʱңȷð˻ȥЩˣ˽еһͳһǮʱɺͳڳ鱦ӵ飬׼ھң롣
ЩǺ飬ǺһȰ鱦ں飬˵
үɷްѷˣŷ뿪
ҵ齵Ŀջһջ͵ȥһլԺɣҪôסµԺӡ
أСˣ˰үż
ſһһЦ˵լӣүѾ׼ˡ
ԭڳ͹֮󣬰ү뵽޶ûסĵطھլԺȽ϶࣬ѡһȽϴĳ޶ס
ɿݣҲΣǰֵǷˡ
˵ծѻһֱš
ھͰ߰ɡ
ֺֺ̬ǵھȥ֪ͨʰ


650 鱦

ǰǲģĳǾ̬ѸıͻȻûôෳˡ
ŵҶúϢϢǲſʼ¡
ЩҶãһҲ⣬űĵطƹȫûġ
һ·Ҳˣҵ˰үլԺȥ˺ֱ֪˵ĶʮˣʮҲס¡
ԺӣԺͤӶУҲرÿ
޶סԺӣסڵڶԺӣסһĻкͺ
ڵһĴԺӣЩҶסĵطеСЩڳס뿪ˣүܻ£Ǻ³͹ɶ룬ԺУó͹ɶ룬룬ЩǲŽǵġ
˴˼䶼ضԷ޴϶
Ժô󣬲ѾС˿϶УԵڶֱʮѾСˣԺֻɨԺӡ
飬ǳŵģ˵ǰһǳӣǰŷ
ֻǰʱͰԺһа׵ʣµһʱ䣬ͳȥߡ
ǿ϶ҪϤһ¾ǵĻߣһж̫ˡ
ͳŹɣڹȥߣ㰡
һȥ˱̲Ǳߡ
̲ܴ󣬿źл˷ۣɾʺϸһܵĻãҪˮҲѡ
ڽϹһ磬ϻȥʱ򣬰үˡ
һΣûбܻǰеһ
ж֣ףûаˡ
ΣǰͶƺһûеġ
үλϣЦԺסþסãøҿҰ˶ϵһ˵չ鱦飬綼ȥ¥鱦ļǮҲ˽һЩǸ֮ǰıۡ
ɽӹүݹֽ򿪿һ˵ףǱ˴ʶģ϶һǮ챨ۻǡ
һǱⲻ˵ģҶˣ׬Ǯ˭Ҳôɵ׬ߺȡ
˵Ҫ̸Ƚѡ
ǲаˣ֪أҲҪն
үҲ˵˼Щ˿϶һʱ򶨼۸ˣټ֣Ͳˡ
ô˵ǶԼĵ׼ۣү㻹û֣
Űүûк֡
үһЦ֪߽Ѿ˻ȺмˣסЩջҲҵߣԣĵ׼ǵȻ֪ˡ
һϲֻҪ֪Ǯˣһжðˡ
ڶ磬ɺͳʢװȥ˰¥İ¥ûнӴĿˣһ¥ĶˣڳԱߣҲһۣôѹӵ
үߵСǰ̬ȸ⹧λ¥룬˻û룬ү˼ٵһ¥
˸С¥⿴һֵĴãԼĪʮˣǵĵĶࡣ
Сܿ˶¥߽һүںͼλ˵ЦֻǿһЩ˵Ĵ´磬֪Щ¥ЩҪԣܶ࣬ԵģЩǴˡ
үĿŹɺͳǸϽ£Ҹǽһ⼸λǳĴˡ
Щǿϵģղź⼸λ̸һ£жбʯ
ֻǼǮϿܱȽϹֻǴһ£ȴû׼͹ɡ
˴˼ľӣɺͳܿĺͼ˴к
º󣬰үŵǷ޿Ժúú̸һ̸󲿷ֱʯɶŶ
ⰵʾֱҪ̫ԣɺͳװү˼
үλˣ֪λϰжٱʯ
ˬһЦϱʯͦ࣬໹Ϳϰܲ꣬Ǯ֪ʲʡ
ʯֻǸģⲻռλãԶһЩ
ֻû뵽ү߾ȻҪҲһ˾ȵ顣
ʯļǮܸߣҲһֱûȥ
˵Ǵ鱦ɫӺÿǮҪ˵Ȼûеô࣬һȥͻѹˡ
˽⵽ģǱȽǮҲͷˣӡ̵Ǽǰʮӵİ󰸣ھҲֵ÷зģ벻֪ѡ
ôǰ϶Ҫúðա


651 

ڼҾѾܶˣԴܵϤ̾ڰһģһĸǮˡ
۾һתǰ˻ӽܵˣǮ
ƽ֪ЩʯôģǮǹؼ
һʯóϵϰˣҵıʯҴҰıʯõģ㿴һʯǲ貶Ŀ
ôܲף˵ôΪ̧߼Ǯ
ϵʯһºʯһ㰡㿴ⴿȲãɫҲر֪ʯֻǴƷɣɫҲУΨһõľһСĸˡȻֱʯԱʯǺ˽ġ
һϯѰסˣΪʯ׼ЩҲرãû뵽ȴ˽ⱦʯġ
Ź˵ЩҲûʲôɷģһЦ֪ҪʯϢȽϴæߵıʯЩõĶˣҲףôĶܲš
ȴмһЦүܵģүģֻǳ⣬һƽþǺãþǲãǿ˵Ӧ˵Щ˼
һ仰ǶãҪüǮܡ
סˣ˼ƽϣ֪ɲƲ磬øı䷽ˣԱߵİͼ³ʹһɫͼ³̰ЯĲ˳ѰıʯȫƵһԣ󵹳ıʯϵλҵıʯҰͼ³Ĳ˵ʯõġ
ǶõģɰͷôƷʯ̽һ¹ɷ޵ǳ޶˶ԱʯǺ˽⣬ôǾͿôƷˡ
˶Աʯ˽⣬ƭˣôóõıʯЩ֮ǰõģЩ鵹Ҳ˳֡
ٴߵߣϵıʯһһŲ鿴Ʒʶϵıʯһ㣬⵹ǿԼ̸ȥˡûԱȾû˺Ͱͼ³ıʯͬөһ㣬ıʯʵ̫Ķ࿴һۡ
ͼ³ֺǺǵµǳЩʯǮô
ãֱӰ˦ˡ
ɺܵʯģҲһļǮ԰ɣȻԽԽãؼԸԸؼģҳʮǮһţҲȥԻ㿪ۣҪúʾ򡣡
ͼ³һЦҲⱦʯˣҲҺǮЩʯǲտǰǴҾֱӿˣһһǧӡ
ò˵ǮĹˣʯͷذѹͬǮ
һЦأҪǴĥõıʯûνԼԴףΣʯúãһǧһǮҲܲˣͼ³ϰ˵Ǯǳ򡣡
ʯĥã϶ģʯͷֻҪɵ
һǧ̫̫ˡ
İҲ̫ߣ϶׬Ǯȥģ׬Ǯ˭Ը⣿Ȿ׬ߺȵûмԸġ
ͼ³ΪѵǮѾܱˣ밡ЩʯǴӿڳģǻôĥһʯҲӣǻǧһǧһѾܱ˵ļǮˣһҲ˶ٽģҲ׬Ǯǡ
ЦɺܵҲֻǾЩͦġ
Ҫ׬ǮҲ׬ǮǣǵļǮҲ׬Ǯǵҿ϶Ҫϵģˣֱ˵ҵĵ׼ˣһĥõıʯҳӣԸ⣬Ժ˵ıʯҶ
֪ӿ϶̸ģۿ϶һο̫ߡ
Ȼе˿ʼ۷׷ףŹɻῪô͵ļǮ
ͼ³Щеģô͵ļǮǶ׬Ǯ
˵ǹЩʯǺֵǮһӾͿһ·;׬ӣҪӲźʣԱˡ
ʱ˿ڣڲôǮܵܽвǣЩʯǲģⲻãҲдƷ԰ɣ񰢿ֱʯҲ£Ժչʯȫ԰յȼ֣ƷʹƷõԸ߼ۣõģҲԱ
һϯڳЩ˵ע⡣


652 ͼ³

õĲķƷҪ˵ҲǺ£ֻǣ֪ҪŵĶǴˣǶԼĴ̶ӣ¥һȺÿһֻǣֻø̶ӺߵС˲һ
ʲôʲôһֱǵּڹؼڳ¶ٻ
ıֻ֤ҪģǳҶ£Ǿ仰Ҫиıʯ㲻ҲôĥãԭʯǲҪ
ҪԭʯĲ˵ǳɱ͹Ǯûܶࡣ
Ҷʯǳûһ㾭飬̫յе
ı֤һӷģҲ֪Ұܱ֤һ㣬һõıʯ
˰ͼ³ˣ⼸ǴˣȵúʹãЩСˣǾͺ˵ˡ
ͼ³˿̻ع𷽲ּۻۣô˳ųĻͷһжƫˣ
ϽӻػͷõıʯһȻǲеģǮһ㣬Ȼû׬Ȼ㿴Σ
һ۰үүҡһͷ㲻ɫĿͼ³̫ˣǰ׬ǮǼλҲ˺ܶϰ壬ҲӦû˭Ըôõıʯǿ϶ûƽΣɱ͸ˣҪȥۣǮûôɣҪĻǴڶģЩ˼ҵС򣬱ʯļǮ̫׬̫࣬û㲻̸ȥˡ
ӿ϶еģ֪ͼ³ǵĵ׼ʮӣּۻҲһѧʡ
еЩ˳Ĭˣȷ̫ߣ߾ûж󣬶ǵѱʯȥһ͵΢һ³ˡ
ֻг׬Ǯˣܳڳȥ
˿̿˿ڵǳӾʲôǮȽϺʣ
ѵõıʯʮһʣµƷǵȱʯ˶Ρ
ܵúͼ˵ܿһ
һ̬ȣ˱¥
ȵ˶ź󣬰үֱӹţſڣκ˿үЦЩ˵ͦģ̸ǮһҪѼǮѹͣȻһûС
ԷֱӿһǧӣѰˣƻ۾İӶ׬ˣ֪׼ۣ֪Щô
϶Ҫ׬ǮִͻԷļǮôصĻ϶С
Ҷˣ׬Ǯ϶ҪԼ󻯡
ŵϳˣҺȻǮһ治֪ô
ԷҪ̫ˣô꣬һμôҪ۵ġ
뵽Щ˵ҪۣҲöԷ
ʮһĻλ׬ѾܺˣԼ̶ӣҪȥͺˣԼʯĻʡ²ӡ
ֻϧһʱҵ̶ӶԶţȻǶȥˣһصģһ׬ӣһ̶͸ǧһ׬ǮֻۣϧڵĻûз̶ϣ취ھվȽš
үЦݵǷҰģǹһͽˣʮӵļǮǺˣҪõĽӣǱн󣬱ĻҲ˺ܶࡣ
ǿóҵģҪǳ͹ɵƷţܿס
ɺͳһϲȻͰүһĺôࡣ
ףһʱǹؼҶûˣֻҪúá
˼һү֪ôˣȵʯ򵽣γ⣬ڳнʶһˣ֮ǰεģھǴô꣬ǵĻҲ˽⣬ҴͷȻ󿴿ЧǷãǿԳں
ֵȻҪ˲ţЩ˺Ρ
үһЦǲ˲űҪţͰ뷨ǱȲǷˡ
ǳǰˣıȲóޣʱ룬ôģӴκ˶ʺ⡣
Ȼϰү˵ЩǫѷүĪҪɱǷˣֻеСȵүǻۣ󻹵ÿүæء
ү΢΢ͷ겻Ǳϵˡ


653 

⣬ţŽү̸ˡ
ٴνͰͼ³ѹֲסЦ⣬Ȼղ¥ܺá
ڰ˵ҪкͲҶԼմɣܹȱľЩǾ˽һ³֪ҲԼĳׯԼĲ԰
ÿıǹЩƷΪǵĳԵʣЩϰǲĺ⣬ܻ۸ǣǺΣ֪ԼĲ԰ͳׯ֮ǵ˼ڳǺͳܳںǶһѡ
Բǰǰͼ³м俴ϣ
˽º󣬰ϿҵĿų̸֮ǰѯʳһЩ⣬ӽ󡣡
ʾⰢѯ֮󣬰ŵǲҲӪкͲҶ⣿¥µʱͬе˵£֪ûȤǺ
˲Ȥװ˼һϲ֮ǰôĵأֲôҶΪ˺⣬ȴû뵽Ȼ֮ϲ
棬ͳҰôأֲôҶҪڴܹ治һ꣬ܺ˺õĽһǾܹڼаѲҶ⡣
ɫԣ֪ô
ϷѵȻȹ̵ĳںֻҪӵĶãǮʣԸⳤںͳӺҲܱ֤ıʯֻӣúǻ
ܺͳҺú⣬׬ǮǱġ
е˶ܽţ飬˶ϣģܺͳ⣬ܱ֤ṩĶãǽȻ˵߶ܵõô
ɿ˿ڵҶͳǳҵǼõģһԷģԸ⣬ҩҲԺһдֻҪҪĶҶУǺǵȻҲԸ⣬ǰǣṩҪһУǲҲӦðǵĶǣ
ĺܴ󣬲ڱʯʵЩҲкܶܶöһЩеĶ
˴ûҲ׬һʣһӮľ棬֮ǰѾ˵Щ˵ľȣ֪ЩҪͼ۹ҶʹЩѡ
ܶ˶żǣˣСֶΣЩܶǮ򲻵ʵĶ
ҲЩԵ⣬ҵĹء
Щ˺ܶһӲһ⣬Ծк̶ܶһأֻҪʹ۾ˣܿһһ
֪ǵ뷨ȻҲǺ
붼ûʹӦ˹ɵҪ˵ҪܴӦ
ºһЦѵȻˣǳԸǺҪĶǶͼ۸ǣһǿԵʼǮ֪˵Ǽ٣ǲõĻԴ⣬ǳԼĲɽԼɣ԰ǳлǴǲҩףЩǶԼӦҪӱչ
˵ú棬ҺܺʵϣҪЩڵĳ˵治ʲô⣬˵⼸ʮˣʮˣһṩ
鼤˵Ŀɶġǰչ˵㣬ԺͲõĵȥͱ̷ˡ
үƵĺŲ裬˿÷²豭˵֤ҵȷʵǲõģֻҪҪĳĶṩ
ͼ³˶ˣҲ˵ͳ̸⣬ǾͲó·ֻҪͺá
ԽԼܶʱ䣬ʱԼˣҲ˵׬ӡ
ˣλҪǲģǿԺǩԼаүҲǿǣʵʵ˵һεүҲв룬Ǻ⣬ҲܵõүıӻȫȻǳҵּһ׬ǮϲкǺ˶׬ǮΪֻҵĺܳá
һ˵˵Уڳ˶ܸж
ʵûô͹˵ЩҪģѾöˣ˵й̶һЩӦ̣Щ˻ǻǡ
ҵĵϸ˽ƷܺãڰǱߣû˵Ҳõģ·ЩƶˣЩĵ


654 

Ϊ֪Щ飬ĺܼ
ɼȻ໥ģܱ֤ǵĹҲϣܱ֤ĶһãԴγãŪǣʵǳҲԼ̶ӣǰǵ̶ӣҲһʱǺæĲ̶棬ȻԼȥ򣬵ܺǺǵ̶ӲȥҲûϵˣҲóǶ֮ˣǾɺΣ
мֱ֮Ӿ¥
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Щּۻۣ
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˶ڵһ¥µЩС̷ʵ϶γܹʯһԺͿרȥʯбˣ֮ǰЩǧùȴװ׵Ŀӡ
ߵǰ棬ȺӿĳЦЦӴӦǵĺҵıʯӶչʯҲֵȼõĵȼʮһǮȻõģҲ׬ҴԺҲҪȥ̵л߲ҶˣԺҪĶҶṩ
⻰һ䣬Ȼû뵽ᷢ顣
һ͵˵ʲôṩǼǮ
϶ɰش𣬳ǰı֤ͼǮλõģǳԼĲ԰Լɣ԰ҤЩǶУֻҪҪǶṩǮ϶ģǸ߼ۣǺߵܾˣֻҪҸۣǾǲڿЦ
ңúõ˽һЩ˵ľȡ
վڹ鼤ô⣬⣬þûбŵùģ߻
ƾԳ˽⣬Ҳһ㣬͹ɲ
ԽԽԽԽܡ
һҪصǣվڶƺǰ
ɲûܵ仯еעڹ۲Щ˵ı仯
֪֪˰սʤûаյ̡
ֺģүһԵϣƵĺŲ裬ĿЩ۵ˡ
һӺ󣬰˿ڣ֪ôˣԸǲԸ
֮ǰߵԸ⣬ǶԸ⣬ֻҪܱ֤ṩĻأǮʣǵȻԸ⡣
һû˵ҴӦǹҲҪġ
˶һһŵĿŰ°ʲôǲܴӦҪ
һЦҲŪЩͬˣҪ˵Ǻ£ֻһҪϣеĻңҲһļǮͳҳںģҵΪ˽ҼȻƼҳͷˣӦҲ˽ҵƷ
УģôҾĻһ㣬ǰƷܺãЩС̷ֻҪС̷Ը̶һߵģṩһЩ
ҲΪʲôЩ˶ôԭ򣬹ףǰƷܵ˴ҵء
ͼ³ֺǺǵҲ֤֮ǰʶ̷˵ҵʱ򶼺ܾ壬˵ڰȻԣȴûмӣЩƶˣ·ر
ϣҶӦкô
ôãǳڸҲкôǡ
аͰͼ³Ƽûˣǲɵ΢֪ĺôÿһǶᵢܳʱ䣬һ
һȥ˷ѵʱͶˣߵÿĻһˣһ飬һҲһء
һַʽ׬ǮǶӬͷСһһġ
ңҺͰүһ⣬ǰѶӣҲı̷鷳ǰЩ˲ǾΪôǾƲǣôԺ󲻻ˣҲˡ
⻰˵ģϾڳ˶ܹ
ɱ֤ǳĺʹҺҾòģǿԼ
Լ⣬ͼ˵ԼļʮС̷һԼԼһʽݣһݷڰүǱߣһݰ٣һݷڳߡ
ȵеöеˣһֱæҹ


655 

ҹĽֵܰܰľжַ٣ҹʱȴǰÿ¡
ڽƵʻڳ棬̫ˣ̸Ժ׬Ӱɡ
еȫ̲룬͹ҲûȫԼˣһ̣Ѿ׵ķڷҲԸһӸڳߡ
Ц϶׬Ǯģȫк̣ܶĶһֱܻӭֻϧ֮ǰЩ󲿷ֶǵ̷ȥˣǳҸ򲻵٣ȴһЩöǵġ
һͽǰǣҪЩЩ̷̷⣬кܶ˵ѿһЩһקúܣڿŪÿһζҪСġ
Щ˰ѶЩ̷⡣
˵ͷˣѾӦˣЩδǵ̷ֻҪ˾ҲҪѶңڳֻҪ׼Ӿͺá
̲˼εܸܲһ⣿
⻰óһЦղҺɻڶģʲôʱ򿪿ڣû뵽ɲ¶ˣֵܣЩС£Ҫöѧһ㶫ƹô򵥣οԺǳҵĴƹҵֵܣ˵İɡ
˵ЩʱܳϿң͹˶ʵ
ижҲ׳˵˼ͷҶǵİš
͵ͶˣЩҲֻ˵һ飬ҲǶƺͣСһ𳤴˭ֵܣֵܣϣܳɲ㶮𣡼Ȼ⣬ⷽҲóԸңҿ϶һѣȥҲֵ֧ģҪʲôҶԸ㡣
ЩҪ˵ףȻжҲ˽ӣҲʲôϲˣ˼ˡ
жѣв˵Ѽ飬Ǿů治֪õǳ
ǰͶƺ͡
治Ǹ
˿̵鸴ӣܺڵһС
ѾˣⱲӸų⣬һǰԼãô֪ҵĴƹԼöˡ
˵ˣֵܣҲܺã͵ֵˡ
źҪһӵֵܣҲҪһ⣬Ҳ⣬ұ
֣ܸжļֵܣô㱿ңҺܿģûϵû⣬ѡ˼ʵѡһѧϰôôƹ׸һѧͺãʱͺúøѧϰڴܰҡ
һ˵УҪ˰æȻá
ڶģͱߣǰפھǵĴƹ񼸾֮󣬾Ϳʼæ顣
ھǵĸǳھ¥һĻǹƶ֪ˣһʱ䣬žЩ˻ǷһЩ
Ͼúܶʧȥ˲·
ȫѣܵС
ԣһʱƺæЩ˲϶Ըǣ˭֪ǺͰүĹϵСֶο϶١
͹ɳź󣬱Ҵææ뿪
ȥҩá
ǳھǵĵ̣ȸֵϣ˵λúܺãõȴôãΪҽݣŵľǣԻкܶҩñˣָģ۸Ǻ顣
ү͸ˣǷȥֻҪɱԽ飬ںš
ү˭ǻϣҲ˵һжǻ⡣
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׬һݼҵһ£סһ£ϣҸٲʢٲʢ꣬뷨ܺãҲҪۣʱүˡ
֪ү˼үڱṩɨһϰҪıǣ͢Σѵʱ򣬳ṩ֧֡
ɺͳʲô˲õҲԼ뷨ϣܷٲʢ̩񰲡
ڳΪ٣פر߹أΪףǲóЩó⣬ľͽ˰үĽ顣
õⲻãӰҲܴǰûоܼõ⣬оˡ
ͳڼæ˵⣬⡣
źͺˣ˴綼ܵ͵ͬѾߣֻҪ˵֪˲򵥡


656 

һãƼһλ಼ӵһҽ鿴ţ̨ҩͯеڶŪ
öûһˣĴγĶԱȣԿõжˡ
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ҽĺãҲڣȻΪرˣβģΪ
뵽վߵߣĿɷǡ˺ۡ
Ŵ⻰飬һλķˣºһЦҲҽ
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һȽϾʵѧˣȻŴˡ
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ѣ֮ǰڰСƹ񣬹ı£ó˾ǣڼöһˣһֱбİţΪɰˡ
ɵƹ˵ʲôô㣬ⲻǲþˣ⿴ð
˿̵Ҳûˣû̾Ϣһһźʵ̵ĲãҽҩöżǣǰҪòҩݣҺԼҩݹӦЩ˼취к󣬾ͿʼҥǼûпҲ֮ܶǰιĲˣһЩҲй̶⣬˿ģһҲŽ˶ӡ
˵ͲúܣӺò֮ǰڰһ½ģҪȥһ¶ֹ׬㡣
ԼöԲɶࡣ
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ŴذڰֵˣˣӶ˵ûж˼ҹúܺãСҲͷҵθڡ
ˣˣǱѼһҽ飬˸͹һʱܻ׼һ䶯ܲ˻һЩ
ȻеЩҩҪżãҲӦЩ˳Ѫˡ
׹ɵ˼õƹôãҪ˵취϶ЧҲðһֱġ
Թ˵ʲô˼ȫ
㯵ĿŹɵʲô˼޶۲ѵùİ취
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۾󣬲˼ĿŹɣû뵽ɵô󣬾Ȼ
Ҫ֪ܻøìܾʹȥˡ
ϽɲаˣĻǻܶܶ˵ġ
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657 

⻰˵ģʱ÷˵ˣû뵽
Ҫˣƺܶ˶Ҫˡ
Ŵغ͹ɰµ˾͵һֱôУοһʱ䣬ЩҽҩõĲһ˵ӡ
ҪܱȥҲǺõģЩ˻˵ʲôĲ˵һʮǿԵġ
һЦֱİǺãʮˣһʾÿѰʮβǰʮ˲ҪϷѣҩǮҪ
ƣҪƣǵ˶֪мõĴڡ
ȻĻ϶ܶ˲Ͳ£治ǺںЩ˵뷨
ŴϲֿնȰ˵ʲôҶ㻹ʲôھǲҽݣһܶ㲻ɡ
⻰ඥ뵽һıҧˣٷ˵ôɣҶ㡣
ɹЦֺǺǵǾ͵ÿնհǰ˺ıˣһҲǵˣһȺҲǵˣο˶ҪǼҩݣ˵ǵ˻ƹһϢ˰ʱɱ˵ۣæʱء
һûԾԾЦһٷٶʵ̫ˣҲۣҾһֱȥ
һԵҩֶͯҲʮ꣬ɵһٷܸܲҲѧôⰡҲץҩˡ
ɿһ꣬ʲô֡
겻˼ץץԴҽղߡ
Ͻܵղ⺢ӴҵֶΡ
΢΢ͷ㲮úѧһʱɲţ㷽ҲҪûҩͯɲУץҩɣҪŵù˿һ³Ϊҩͯ
ղ߸ϽҵܵҲھǣʮ꣬ڳ˽飬ܶʶ֣ˣҺҵܵǹ¶ǲһֱչǣԡ
ܵܲ;𣿡Щʵ
ղҡͷܵʶǲҪģ˵һҶǺˣǺúøѧԺܵСƹҲǼõĳ·
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ҵʵ̫ˣҪҲر࣬Щ˻ÿһƷҪã»̤ʵС
ղ˵һǸ⣬ֱӴӦȻˣȴܵץҩȵܻܵץҩ֮͸㲮ѧô⣬ȵܵʮ꣬ٸѧô⣬úѧҪˡ
ŴذղߵԼӿղɵֺǣԹ⺢ӻɵЦϽлٷˡ
֪ŵжҲ׹˵һ˼ֻҪղߺúø⣬ֻǰ;
ղ߸Ͻлȴɷ˵Ļ𺳵ٷ˵ԺҪ⡣
ǰҲ̸ͦģҽݸˡ
̸κҲˣ֪Щҽݵ˱ᶯֽţǵģЪ˼
ɵ׼һ°ɣúһǿⷿʣ¶ҩݣһʱ䣬ҩݶǣ⸺ҶĺƹҲȥһҪĶǳãƹҪúð°׺ٲģǳҲκһµˡ
ЦˣȻ֪жãʵϣڳߣܵʲôǺöҡ
ˣԺĺôĲ١
ֺǺǵٷ˷ģһƯƯģҰٷ˻˽ô϶ӵģղҪúץҩɽúѧ
ղижɶĺúãɲЩҡ
ŴҲ⣬ⱲӶûʲôˣҽϲܶҽʲôԸ⡣
ɲ֪룬ǰġ
ҩðѽ鰲ź֮󣬹úȥҳ¥ѾеƹŵùĻƶˡ
¥Ķ¥һӵķУ˿ˣھǵҪǳУ̣ҩûд⼸ǳ⣬ھõҲֻгˣΪжصķ֯·еҲͱĲһҲΪʲôܺõԵʣΪԣҲӰ˹
Щ֣ļҶ˼䣬Ҷ̳⡣


658 ɽ

Щƹ˵ĻҪܡ
͹ɿһϵƹǣ⡣
Щǵϸѡǵģֵˣղߺһӡ
ֻвˮ͸㣬˻δһȺ˶ڴĿų͹ɣ뿴˾Ҫ˵ʲô
º͵ĶŴҵͷʱˣ֮ǰһֱûʱǣ˴ҵ࣬ǵĵھš
˵ⶼرãδӴҵŬ
ںܲ˵õϺˡ
ºһЦĪҪ˵֮ǰòſʱǾԤϹⲻ̫ãٷ˵ҪúþӪˣһʱæģҪ֮ǰĵʧ
˵֮һЩ˵Ҳˣ֪ںúþӪ⣬ܶǿƲ˵ģټһ飬ǺѾ˺ԺҪжǳá
һ䣬е˶ˣã֮ǰ֪£ƹ֮ǰȴ֪һ𾪵Ըӣ˶ˣȫû뵽Ľ
ûͣ£Ǽǻھǿ̣֬ˮ̣رһרĵ̣ƹЩмѡ˭Ҳǰ˵˵ҿ԰ǰš
е˶ǾϸѡģÿһǳֵεˣΪŻЩټһͳһ˵¡
һԣȻĿһС
аүһ֮ǰеĵĶûˣүǰкƱЩ붯ҡ
ةǼǵ˶֪үǻϵĸһε󣬾ǵ˶֪ǰүˣֻҪ̫޴ˣӦöվ
ׯƹܵĵңǲԻ᲻ܶˣ
ԾǵľȽ˽⣬Щ̣пɽġ
ֲǵżûмʱ䣬кõĴһӰôһԽָҪж˺ޣˣǲǷչ˵á
Ļƹ񶼲ԼͬĿҪ˼
һЦһȻ֪ǱпɽûѵǳұûɽҿԱ֤ǳұĿɽǲģֻܷȥЩ˾㿴ǣҲڱһ鷳ǲġ
Ϣģеƹ񶼼һŵĿų
ǶʲôʱͰүйϵˣݵλǽڽԺھлߣҲЩˣеˡ
뵽˴˶̹ˣ֮ǰѹ̫ˣ¾ȻзĻᣬ̲סļ
Ƴһ۳ƹɱ̫ˣȻаүӻҲȥѹ˵飬үΪǶף鷸Ƶ˴峤ͷȥѹˡ
ոջĳ亹˲ˣڵɪأ˲ĻͰ뷨ˣǰүʲôˣô鷸Ƶ˴ڣѹҲˡ
֮һЦ㻹˽ôܴŰүĻӳȥǻҺܺ棬һҪٳа
һֱ𣬿϶Ҫ׼ûЩԼɣ԰Ǳߺܶ鶼Ҫˣð鰲źãȻȵҪеʱòˡ
˼һµҪʱ֮е˶ͷûܶ׼Ͷ׼һЩɣõʱû
ԾȥͶ׼ҩݣһҪãöʧ
ְ˺ܶϵ飬һֱû˵ֻڳԷʱһȰҶԡ
һ硣
ֱȥ˼ãδþͿſΧһȦˣܶ඼żĸʾָָ㣬ԣû뵽ûô飬û
Щü̽ˡ
ЩУö඼ףҩҽݵˡ
ɼҽݣƼֲ̿ģοģµġ
̾Ϣһİ˵ǲ£ҿüˣ˵Щ˻᲻̲סۣһЩ󡣡
ȻΧ۵ˣȴû˽Ȼֶǿֵġ
ղڹ̨ҲЩţЩ˲۰ɡ


659 

ʲô
Щ̲סǴ
ɡ͡һЦ˳ǵ̫ˣЩ˲ģ濴ٲþǽ˵ƻҵأģҽһ춼ʲô鷳ҰƽͺˣƹҲﵣˣϽȥһ²ֿ⣬ûʣ¶ҩݣȻץҩҩݲ
˵ˣҲֻת뿪
ڣһΡΡ˽ߵǰѯʵĲҪǮ𣿡
Ŵ΢ЦͷʾºǰʮλҪϷѣҪҩǮ˼ǽһˣﲻ𣿡
һֱȵץҩȥ˶ûӦĺ¡
ԽԽ࣬ö࿪ʼѯˣ֪ĲҪǮд˸ϽŶӡ
ɼܶ˶ǱһԵ̬ȣҲ岢ûв֢̾Ϣһռ˵̬ǵ
ŴɺºͣϣҩղץҩһɣҽѾ˳ӣִһӦжʮˡ
Ŵ˲ʮ˵ʱͻȻһλ泤µӣڵĴվſڱ߽еƹϽ
ڣŴЩĵĿŹɣںŵ˳ղߵҲ˵ġ
ɵǵŶӵһɢΧ˿֣΢΢ȵˡ
ûгȥߵߣǵˣǸô죿
ɵַǵģ̬ţƹ񲻻𣿡
һʱ䣬ĺܶ࣬һҧᶨ롣
ЦζȻ룬ͻȥ˻᲻᣿ܻ᲻᣿
׹ɵ˼ˣεðɣֵûװ
ܺţܸо񡭡
ɼˣأʲôҰ㶥ţôˣʲôʲô̬ȣЩܻǶõ̬ȡ
һҧֱߵſڣļ˵ģ˭ҵĹûغóҷء
Ǹֵҽݵƹ˵һң⼸ƽʱߵرΪ׵εѣǸҩõƹ񣬶ļһհ
һͿ˼õĸʾʱԣķԷܶ࣬ܶ˶˵˺ͳҴ˺Ƶ顣
Щƽʱҩǰҩã񣬾ȻͳҺˣⲻǴǵ
Ҫ֪ÿҵ֮ǰﲻ֪ʹ˶ٰӡ
ò׿żҪģûзĿܣǿ԰ȼ죬ȴ룬þȻһ
ⲻλεĴǵƽʱҲ۸ˣ֪ΨΨŵŵȻ
εòУָƿСڳԡ
һ̵˲ˣ뵽֮ǰ۸ĳ棬Ҫǲҵ㳡ӻԲɵֺ֧࣬ǻġ
Цźεѵôйҷ̫ͣû˰ɣȻ˩ù
㡭εָָŭá
ε洺õƹŭȻͺƹ˵ļǲ뿪𣿡
ֺˣЦݣһսȺƣϣܳһСÿ˵ˣϳ۶ܾõδƾҲʸҼõ£
Χ۵˿һʵúܣǺþûôĴϷˡ
кܶ඼Ǹ̼ң֪֮ǰĴǵҽݴѹһʼõ⣬ŪڣһӴĲ޼ļˡ
ǰƹ񶼲Ϊһ̬
ƹòУ²ҶûֻܺȻҶԴү
ʱվߵԱվסĿƹͺεѼˣһЦģλôϻ˰ɣҲҽͰＸλһƣǼͣһŭĵӣɲð˵ĻˣҲԼ忪ЦɣҼó֣Ǽú۸𣿡
һνǻϽͣεܻҿû˰ɣһ˼Ҷҳš
ֺǺǵĿźεѣǶȤζźεԽŭԽİ
һƹе׵˭
ϣٷǰҩõĺεѺƹ񡣡


660 

¶һȻı㾭ͬ˵ģٲõĺƹ񰡣ˣѹǼľɣһϹҧˡ
⻰ûжźε˵ȴ˶ˡ
ȺлȻõ԰ôһǳҩһ㣬뺷úܡ
ƽھǺߣҫĺƹ˵û
˲䣬˶̹ĸо
ɵһЦƹҲ㿴ô˻ôŭ廵˿Ǵ飬ʲôǲºú˵ģǰ㲻Ǿۼҵƹ˵ԿǸôһǻǳԿأǾǼʲôҪָֻţ
ƹܻ˭
Ԥеݲһ㣬зߺޡ
ƽҲǸ˼Ҷѣأ˵㣬²˭
źεһŵӣ֮ܲǰѹƹģôƹˣЩǰŵʱӦ뵽еĽ
ͳһΪʲôΪ˰Ѿǵǿ
˭׬Ǯ࣬ͬˣο׬Ǯͱ׬Ǯȫһ
εѻȻеĻС˺ࣺܶԭǳʧʧֻ㲻ڼϢȴɲ˼ҷ˸顣
Լ˵ٷ
һͷ¶ǲظ
ɲδһȵƹĻҲװ˼ҵķӦô鰡ҳССģغͽεεĴ˼ҷ˿ɲһƣⲻҶˣΪ۳ССֲ
ܵ۷׷ףȴûһ㣬ʲôЩ˿ûйϵ
εƺһȻҲֱ˵ˣﲻӣƻҵأøҽݵô
ɫһôҪƹɣҵأ֪Щ˭ģԸ⿪ﲻǮôˣƨ£бҲðܻݰҼһˣ˳аչˣһһ´ңлҵ֧ôˣôƻνҵأ
ɺһúεѱ죬֪ôشˡ
ƹָһ˼Ҹʲô֪֪ŭ
ɻͷߵҰһ˾ͺúú⼸λƹú˵˵
ߺϵİӣ˳ŻС˹˲ˮ˲ѹǰˡ
ɵУºŻشƹ⣺ƹ˵Ҳˣ˼ôˣи˼ҾһûУǴģûи˼ʲô⣬˾ôˣǳССһҲ׬ʮ˼ǱȲЩȻ
º飬Щֵ𾪲ѡ
رһվſֵЩˣù˵ú˼ôˣôƹһ˵ôء
ɼǼҲһ˵ӣҪ˵ر˾ͺúú˵һ˵ǳҵĹأǳȻССҲģǵʱǿƷһһݷùǶǼʲôһһֱѹ֮ǰ˳鲻ʱǽⲻǿˣǿһñ𾪰ǿǹشأҥĨڣſڽʹӣĵֶǶùˣĿࡣ
ƽʱһòȻģʵ˼úܣˣ治мɫ
ɵÿһ֣ÿһ仰һѰѼ⵶˺εѼ˵Уǻһֱżˡ
εһڵǾƻҵء
˵ĶԣһֱżãõҲˣͬԩҵĵ˭
ɳһЦ˵ˣҸ˭ĹأҲ˵ǳǳҵĹأȻǳССҲ۸
Աߵɵˣڹ˵ССʱЩ˾Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣͳһ׬ôӣ˵СС
ֻ⾩еĴ˼ң׬ôӡ
ҿɵҲòһˣٷĺܰ
ĵҪ˵أ˾ͺúú˵˵ƹ˵˵һֱǼЩɡ
εˣҲ侲֪ɲǺ۸ġ
Ի˺ܶô졣
ɺѵǶǿģ⣬ǵɣ˵ҵأҿû˵ҺҲ죬ǵĹԼؾͺãûϵ


661 ܻ

εЩ٣ȷǼҽһĹأͼõȷûϵһʼǾͰѼż⣬ôйϵ
ʱҵԼõȷû
ֻǣô˿ţҪǷת뿪δ̫ˡ
ε첱Ӵ֣ôʶ
˿ţĿżˡ
εѰŵҪͻӰ츽ҵû⡣
ֺˣʵûʲô£֮ǰǼõʱôûʲô֮ģôûǵĹǼû⣬ûҲֱ˵ˣҳȻССǺĵؾʲԽһʱǶѰˣѾ˰үү֧ǼúãӦþǼȻû׬ӣһֱⱾ׬ߺȣԼⱾ׬ߺҲ⣬£͵ƻˡ
һϯúε˵üҴҵⱾ׬ߺȣ˽⣬õҩݶԼֲƵģ˵ɱܵˣкüҽݶ͵͵ڼùҩݣֺ⣬һֱҲĵ𣬼ĵЩҽĲ𰡡
һЩˣҩñҽԺҽڳһֱǰҩöǺߣҽݶǣȴһˣô죡
үųҳ˵ˣҽҲҺͰү԰ҲСϢ֪үͳҺ飬ȻǾǵˣڰǱҲǸһ
ҪԱǰҩþ˽⣬֮ǰҩֻǼдģŽ
ܵ˼ˣǿֲҲף˵Ϊ˴Щ˵úðЩ֮ǰÿģշѱˣֻǲ֪Ϊʲô˺ܶҥԣ˵ġ
ǼòãǱҩù°ӣ˼Ҷֱ³Щҽ棬ں׬Ǯ׬ǮǱ
ֱôôء
Ⱥһλ˺Աߵ˵ҵ֪һȷ˵ЩҽһֱѹãҲŲųЩҥԣһֱڼβҺ˵ŴҽõúܣͬĲ֢ǰڰҩûһٶǮκãڼþʮǮκˣ˼ҼýģҩǱЧõģҩӵʲô˲˵ҩ󡣡
⻰һ˵ͬҲڼβȷǲҩôġ
ƹദõļ̣ҲȺ˵żõĺãõί
վȺеĺεһôûŪЩҩúӦһ
̹ȻղݵĲˮƺţʮ㡣
ԽΧԽ࣬ٲǰȺѵһֵ˺תźȲĹɣǰ͵õүΪѳˡ
ֻǿһ۹ɺ󣬱üεѼ˵Ǽô£
εʶٲϽү˵飬ﲻأǡ
үüͷʵ﷢֪ˣأʲôأ
ʶٲԣεġ⡱һ£вã׼ȥûӵĻԼ
һЦЩҽݶµĹأ
ٲߵıЩҽݵҽģЩҽݶʲôöǮͲβ˼˵һҩҲУʼհǵĹ
⵹ǲľǵĹغͼʲôϵ˼ԸﲻǮǻﲻԸˣֲǵǮƾʲô棬޹Ҳ磬ȻҪǺÿ
ٲһ˵ԴǣεѻˣӰǵⰡ
ƹҲϽǰҲóԷ
վǰ˴ŵԸȥʲôطβǲ˵ɣ֮ǰҽݵʱҽ˵ʲôˣǸ˽ԼǮˣԱûߵˣ˵乫Ϊ˽ԼǮҼḺд𣿡
û
ֱĺ£ôء
һЩ̵棬ȻڵֱҪ
ԣǲҪƽʱշѹҲͰˣ˼棬ôôҪء
Щûߵ˶˿ڣûһ˵ԡ
εѵɫԽԽڣŭΪһ׽飬ʧˣ֮ǰȫһ


662 ͷ

ǹȷأ֮ǰӴһȫûһƢڿ˺öΣû
Ϊǻǰһǹģû뵽ȴֳô顣
з߿ȴΪǿˣЩٲڰɣǰЩٲܶ
Ҳ˵˵ģǱվŵǰү
زˣҪǰүĻʲôҶ
үھǿһĴڣһ֮֮ϣ϶԰үмӡ
ٲߣһҺ֪˭Ȼñ
ǰǿԶ԰ҩ˵ûȴˣüǷǣ˼ʲô˼ҵȨʲôʸ棬˵ʮˣԺ˼ҶǮҲûϵ
ɡεкܶ໰˵ô˵ڡ
»߰ɣҲȡ衣
̾Ϣһү˵Ķԣͻˡ
˵Ҫһ뿪׼ȥٿô죬µ鲻ܿƵģҪȥһʲôе
ɼεҪߣùүүҽݴ翴⣬Ҳû˭˭һ͸ʣǵĲ˶ˣ֮ǰ˺óĶأһ֣˲βô죬ӰһǸûУ˵ȥɣҲҪʲô⳥ֻҪǶǵǸ
εѱѾ˲˵òУҧгݵ˱̫֡
Ѿ˲ˣɻͱˡ
ҪǸˣǲɨˣԺôš
Цôˣһúúͺƹ˵˵ƹýǵΪӦõǸĻãӵȻῪʼҾ뼸ȥҽſվ¡
վڹ𺳵Уû뵽ٷôǿ
ǰδǿƣģôά˵Ķңǵĸ
γףΪ˸ҲΪ˸ֻһ
ٲ˿ڣȷӦõǸ˼ҿ⣬ֱͲԣǸϽ߰ɣӰ츽ĵ档
̵ҲԱߺεһ˸Ǳﻢ¡
ƹе飬ŭҪȥҲá
˳εѵ䣬ƹúǰ
⻰úε˽£һ˦еǸ
ƹҲһһǸȺĺЦǱ뿪
ɶŹٲ΢΢ͷллү
ٲҲǺ£ֻŶӵʱҪߣӰ˹ˣҲӰԱߵ⣬鷳Ǿǡ
ɸϽӦим
ٲһߣɶΧ۵˵ҰæΪ˻ңԺŴÿʮˣлҵĺ񰮣ҾԺǰʮ˶ǮץҩҲգҲϣЩѵġ
ȺɢȥһЩвĿʼŶӣҶܽأŶҲûӰˡ
ɾõһЩСӣֱӷÿʮˣȫѵĺͺǸֻϷѵɫһ뷨˵֮Ͻȥæ¡
Զĵطһľ꣬΢˵һҪ󣬶ԷͿʼ
ֺһ裬ûʲô뿪
֪ڲԶĳׯֱӾ͹ȥˡ
ׯһ̣СֺǺǵǰٷҹӵ𣿡
ɻһȦųׯһжʲôط
ںԺ̸¡С˵űȥԺ
ǰҲ࣬վںԺſڣɵȥæԼȥ
С뿪ɽ˺ԺУׯĺԺһӣ䣬һӣ쾮һЩݣÿǵŵúܡ
м˵ǰȥ
ſţ濴һۣǹɸϽǰӭӣǣŹɵ־ͽӵǱæˣҿ˵ҽֵúء
ſаҲڡ
һкµҩõĺƹҹأҲһǳҵĹء
һЦ鼫ãҾ˵Ƿа취ǲǻͷ뿪ˡ
΢ЦͷҵһøҾ̲ǿΪǳҵ˺۸ˣһŵúܣҽأҲûǸʸ񡣡
ƹֱЦû׼ô
뵽￴ĹأÿǰʮһǮգǸϷѣҲÿβ׬ǮǱȷûҪҩݡ
Ǵȥҩݲ֮࣬ҪҩݣǰҩĳǳأҲЩ·ĳǳأ˳Ŵȥ
ʱҪ࣬ǱߵһЩǳһһһʣȷ֮ƾͶˣԺֻҪǹ˶ԴȥʵҪϤϰҲǰæ۸Թ
һϲǺ£Լ̶ӣõȥͱĶǣҩЩ϶ûʱ䣬ܰæȻǲġ
ҲԣҸղͻȻ뵽ܹ㣬кܶණǾûеģ㿴ҲҪһЩϡĶȥ԰ɣǳҵ̺ű鲼ܣһЩϡĶûеĶǿɲǡ
Ҳܵ˰ѣ뵽Ҳ׬Ǯ
ɴ۾ϲĿŹɣ˵ĺе֮ǰҲѾܲˣȥĳǳعȷ鷳ǳеģܹѱĵطĶǣǮʵĻԸ⹺ҿԴ
ɺͳһ۶ܼһԽԽ
뿪ʱǲúܣԺܻϲ
ֻʣˣûгԿ
ǺºƹЩ˵ùˡ
ֺǺһЦûԿֲǲ˽ңǰ͹̫̫ҾûԸЩ˼򵥵úܣǸƹһڶûƹǱ뿪ӣ⣬үӦú͹ٲкЩٲվ˵ġ
ٲƫ̻ԡ
ǰүѾں߶ˡ
ү˸ղҲ˳ׯ˵һǷȥ£˲Ҷǣһ㣬ȰѰҪĳжбĽкõģϤûãҲͻӲ߿Ը㡣
϶ҪǮڻһЩӡ
ϽҪҪǲ֪ׯһֱر׬Ǯģ߻¼ǧӣʲô㹻ˡ


663 ֶ

ڳ˸ɾ֮ǰھǵ㲻̫ãҲҪ˵ͷûͷҲǰڱĵطƹʱ
񶫼˲Ŷʱ䣬Ͱˣжⲻ붼֪˿ǺҪеģǰ;һƬ
ͷʣµļǧȫóȥûӦû⣬ϾǴԼûֻҪһ־ͺá
΢΢ͷԸƹ˵һ£ЩʱϺˣʱҲҪô棬رҪʣǧܶϻǱĴͷٹܳеۣǵܴҲһܺõĻᡣ
ˣ֪һ׬٣ӦС֪һ°ãöҲġ
ڵǵһ£ҶҲôãǲǻڰǴĲҶڿˣҪܶ࣬ž˻ûӦȰͷãȾ˷Ӧʱ˺֮ѾȹˣҲˡ
ЩˣǰקòУ˸ףЩԲߣԳҵһЩֶҲὥĸˮ棬ҽֻһӰһʱ䣬ЩϾˣ±аүڣҲкܶ˰Ͳס
ɵǲηЩ׼
üͷһ壬뵽ҪԵ飬ܵĵͺ㣬߲ˣȻΣա
ΪǮ˭֪Щ˻ʲôɥĲ
Ҳװȫһһ뿪ׯ
ҽǱЧܺã춼кܶǰõĿڱҲˣֻǸҽݰѼúˣÿ춼ܿڼתƣղԼɽÿ춼ĵģŴһ㲻£ÿ춼ѡ˳֮ſ顣
Ҳҽݣҵ̫࣬ÿõһ졣
ڡ
˵ֺǣҲкܶಡβץҩҲˣǿڱȥˣ˽ˡ
ǿĵһĺ¡
ҽӾͲùˣر֮ǰҼ洺ãƹ񶼿챻ˣΪų֣·ɱүȥ֣˵ᱻٲץòʧ
Ҫǲ취洺õʧ̫ˣ֮ǰ洺ÿ춼ܽӴܶಡˣȴֻȼؼڣñ֪󣬴һԱȣһҩñ˺ܶ࣬ҩݵҲúܶ࣬һγӦܶಡһԱȣͲԸȥ洺ˣļҽᵽżõֶˣǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
ڽ̵ղߺɽ⣬Ŵúܳʵоڻ˹
ǰûͻȻΪβſ˻лر㡣
ղ˵Żȴʮˣʱǰһ⼸ڵŰء
ǰкȥԺ
кһº󣬰˿ڵǰǹҩݵģ˵Ѿˣ
̬ȸãѾˣҪҩҲ׼ˣǲ֪ʲôʱȡ
һֱڹӴĶǳҵĵ̣ǰȥȴһºܵÿһ̣ܵƹдⷭ츲صĴ仯мҲܸмܸء
Ҫҩݺܶ࣬һ׼˶٣
Һͳദ죬Ҳ˱˼๺һЩȥһͱ֮ǰƻĶˡ
Цº͵ǵҩݶԼֲģƷʼò˵ǲõģԹá
⼸ڳҲ˺ܶഫԣõҩݱȳд󲿷ҩúãõҩݱˡ
ƹûҩݵļ۸񡣡ÿǮҪıǳɱǮźüȥ
׼ѹɸ˱ݸ˰Ҽҷ׼õ˱ǿԿǮĲ˵ǵļǮһǾ͵ģҲǾõġ
˱ϸıۺ˶סˣ˵ĶԣҩݵļǮǾ͵ģЩҩһ룬Ҳ˵ǵ˲ɡ
ɰⲻСĿˣ˱ݸߵ˿ˣҶ𾪣ȫû뵽ҸļǮôãȫǵԤ֮⡣
ϲЩ𾪵֪ûйɵ


664 

ȵҶһ飬˱ŻģǮܸǣ
оһʵ̫ˡ
һЦŵѵƭǲɣļǮǷⶨģҼҷԼҩݻأԳɱȱұ˺ܶ࣬Լ̶ӣҲ˶ӣھҪˣǶͳƺҪҴȥֿ⿴ҩݡ
Ӧ˵ŹɣֱӾܾȥˣֻҪǵҩݶôþ͹ˣҲǳĺͳ˺̻úúͳҺġ
ҩõʱ򣬰뿪ã˵˰뿪飬Ҳˡ
ҹʱ򿴵洺ǱҲҳӣŶӵ˻ͦġֻ·ǡÿʱЩȡ
û뵽洺ջǹǽˣſõԽԽã洺õԽԽʼˡ
Ҳûϵǰգ͵ˡ
ĵǽ
ɵ˵ͼ˵ֹֹͣͣڿǺ£õȥˣԴԴϡ
ָû棬ŵǺ£Ҳ׬Ǯҩץҩ˲ԽԽˣܳƽͿԼȥҿŴͦĵġ
ʱͼŴشģǼҽβ˶࿪ģһֱˡ
뵽ŴҲ̲סЦŴǺܿģ˵ÿöܳʵǰججӺöˣ˵ҪǷˣгë
ֻҪǾǳҵƹǣûһɵģǴδӹɣΪ֪ɵͷԲڳ֮¡
һЦϲͺãȥɣҲ׬ӣҲǰա
һ»Ӳ٣ҩ㿪ȫ֧š
һʱɾæں˽ӴͿ⵱У⵼ͳܾһ𣬵ǰүһرС
ǵаүӻ˳˳ˮ밵жֽţүֹˡ
ҿ˵ˣаүӻҷĶҲãȫë˲˹̶Ŀˡ
һĻĻþкܶ˼ҶϾǺ֮⣬ǰǾ˵Ǯ׬˵뷨ǣҵĻﲻ㶼˾ǣһֶ飬ĻܵǮһ׬ͻ
Ծǵ˸ȴˣˣ˺ͳҺ󣬻ûʲôˣؼڳҾӪĶܹ㷺ʳסжм¶ܣҪ˵Ļﱻȫˡ
ûô࣬˵ͬԩң֪;Щˣڱ֮ǰƻȶʱ֣Ҳֲʲô۶ӡ
Խһʱ䣬һ⣬⵼¾Ǻܶ˽¾ۼһ
洺õ׵壬Ȼ󣬵ȴҵģΪý˰Ǻˣڼö
洺ԽԽҲزˣΪҩǲռƣŴҽãܶϹ˿ȥ˼ú󣬶ûл洺βʹ顣
εҿ취ȥû취ˣƻء
һҳׯƹأǵĹض𣿵Ҳǣǣȴһֱûǵһ£ŪɽҲҵģǵԳҲôҲڱɽǼұߵҲ֮࣬ǰ˺ܶ඼ǵ깺У񶼲ˡ
Ϊ׵ǳĲҶϰ壬˳ϰ塣
ϰ建ڵضԳҵȷãҲȷǲռ黹Ҫȥǻ׬ܶӣǴǱֺˣ̬һ㣬Ǯһ㣬Ͳһ
ǻڲõҲ˺ܶΣѴƷҶø߼ȥ˷֮ųֲ֣ܲʣŪɽҲԼĴ
Ǻ˵ģЩӦҲѡҡ
ϲҳ鷳ֻܰʹõֶˣ⹫ƽ
ҩõĺεѵҲֻˣȥǰϤˣǷŵ̬ɣȻһ飬˭õ⡣


665 ܾ

סĿջڳǶߣջǰүģһջֻӴˣϰ˼ֱȥջҵ˰
Уûгȥ˶ΧڵϣƽĿǰļʶϰģΪ֮ǰһֱϰòҶֻʱϰ̬ȿɲãһֱһ߸ϵģ
ʵ֪ϰʲôڳû󣬱ûڳбĵطֻϰҲˡ
ϰֺģϰ屰ϥίֺõģһ
Ǻ֮ܶģϰһ˵˲ˮһϰʲô𣿡װʲô֪ѯš
˳̻֮˶ʼţϳҵϣͳҺر졣
Щ˿ʼˣһ㶼
ǵѾӳõ˻еĻﶼϳ˵ģǰõĶãǮ
ó˺ϣҲ鷳ȥЩֺ
ϰһЦǿþûûˣһ׼ĿϵȵĲҶüǮ㿴ҪҪʱ
˵ǸϴĻ϶ܣҲܡ
˼ȥֻװͿһУװ֪˺ͳҺ顣
ЦЦĿϰ壬ô˿̵ϰرȤϰ֪ɣѾͳҺˡ
ϰһЦǻͳҺҲӰ֮ǿǿǣһǼˣǮϻǺܴŻݣǺͳҺ˽⵽ҶҩݶǳԼֲģⲻܳڱ֤
˾ϰ˵ȴӻ
ϰ˵󣬼˿ΪһΡ
ͼ³֪ʱ˰ߣϰĻһЦϰ˼ǣҩб֤
뵽ǰϰֵܵһŭûгҩԱȣǻĻΪϰҩݺܺã˳Ա֮󣬲֪ϰҩݶͨɫͳȫ֮
˳ṩϵҩݣѾ֪ˣϰһ˵ƷŲġ
ңںͳҺܿģͳ͹ɵƷ
ͼʡģЩˣǰ۸ˣɲϰǻ֪
ϰΪ̸ϷϽ㿴Ҳô˲ǣǰе㲻ԣһ̸ģṩҩݾõģ⻹вҶǶ˵ˣֻҪԸûһж˵
ͼ³Ƴһϰ壬ƵǻذɣҲ˷ʱ䣬ֻͳ⣬ү壬ҷҲܺãǸﻹǺҿɲǣϰ֮ǰôԴǵģͬΪıǺͳұȲԶˡ
ʲôȶˣ˵ѵʱѾȹƶϰѹͲ˺
ϰһһģû뵽ͼ³ֱӣؼͼ³˵û취
ǰǾԴͼ³ǵģһжǵϣʲô˵ģ
ϰЩΣһһԵ˵ǵ˼ء
ﶼ˵ļһ仰û˵ûӵҲ
ļλƹţȴ֪ô˵ˡ
ͼ³Ŀż˵Ҳﵢǵʱ䣬Ͻߣǲӭǣֻͳ
ֱ˺ϰòСžһϣֱվ̫ˡ
ͼ³Ц֣˭֣֮ǰôǵѵˣΪЩ˶۸ǣģԺĻֻңõһ
˵Ǻԥľܾϰ֪ûȥıҪĴ뿪
ջС
Ųͼ³嶯ˡ
ͼ³ƺһҲŲҪģȻ˺ﻹҪӣһЩ˾ԽԽҪҲ˵ˣղҲҪģȻֹˡ
Ͱϵãʲô˵ʲôҲûʲôܻ䡣
Աߵ˵ַҲãɧǣЩɶˣ˾͵ˣϰǱҿܿɿɺͳˣҲ͵ˣģ֮ĺҲǻݻȥԴҶкô
ǲˣڳز˵ҶҲʵ⡣


666 

̾ϢһҲ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
˰ˣȻͳһԺͺúúͳ˺Ҫǿһ㣬˼ҳҵ˶ǺƣҲüӵǣﶼ໥صģҪ֪˭üˣҲ
ɨһȦˣʧȥ飬ⱾҪƣͺм˲ʶô
ͼ³һЦһģ˵㲻ˣǴҶ鷢ģҶǺ𣿡
˸ϽشǶɵӣû¸ˡ
ϰһ뿪ÿһɫá
ΨΨŵŵϰǸô죿Щ̫ʶ̧٣ֱҲԸǺʧȥôЩܰ
ǻڲõ֪һͽ˵ʲôҲԸ˰
ҩЩ֧Ųȥˡ
ϰв죬ƢҲˣզ죬һզأڿջǶԸ˵Ūһﶪ˵ܲһ²һ˵飬Ǵҵ飬鲻ãǶú硣
һһã֮ǰܶϹ˿ץҩڶܵȥˣҼõĿڱҲԽԽãȥļҩҽݹƶõա
ҩõĺε΢΢üһܺõļıм
ϰЩ׵Ŀźεѵô
εѹһЦǴôŪ¹ʳͺˣͲˣһһ£浹ա
ͬУѵûѹͲҩ׬Ǯڿˣųҩݵĵط˼ӵҩݶˣǾȥ֣ʲôã˼Ҳˣڹϣȥ֣һ뵽ǣаүǿû˳
͸Щ鲻ܰϣ͵͵ȽϺá
ϰ˼Ƭ̺ȥҳޣǲҪҽݣǺǹܲˣϻ⣬һǲ̣Ƿǣơ
һûнһȥҹһԡ
˴⣬Ͼҵ˳סСԺ
ɺͳ汼һ죬ڼϢ飬ȴ˵ϰһҡ
Уɿһ۳ʱһΪҽݵ飬˵Ǹôأ
Щ鷳Ǳⲻ˵ģҲϰһ첻һ죬ǳһ̷ȴѳҩ󲿷ָˣϼõ״ҲԽԽãϰǲŹˡ
˼һµ϶ҪǸô죿
뵽ϢЦˣαصǣȨأڰûõãʱǹõһЩ棬Ҳ£Ϊ˼õ飬ûв´ǿ϶ǲҪá
úпܣźȥɡ
뿪ȴһ裬˵һλһܺõĲرֵǮǺúһָܴ׬һʣүǱҲõǣôĶˡ
ͳҰĵģͰү֮ĺҲǻݻүҪϮܹΪүṩӡ
˽㿪ʼˮݲ裬һˣϰ幰Цϰڿ⾩еĺ˰һ涼ˡ
Цº͵ϰ˵ЦˣⲻŸոտʼæһ㣬˵ĺ˲˵ģЩϰ˼
ϰвϲĻش𣬵ȴװһ׵ӡ
ϰҲ֪ν£
ϰЦһ˵ĸţв֮롣
Ҳǰ˵治˼ڵģϰӦǡ
һԵĺεҲ˿ڣǰǰϰһҪӦǰ
ֲɵô״Ӧ֪ܵ˵ʲô飿ǲ˵Ҳ֪ܲܰ쵽ǡ
ɿ˿ڣϰ֮Ҳûٽ飬ҶˣͬУܰæģһϰ㻹Ҫ˵ײǡ
Կ϶ϰʲôֻǲ¶ˡ
ϰװһһΪѵģ˵û˵˵Ǽû취ˣϰ廹гˣǼҵҩʵ̫ˣǼҵÿ춼ڵݼȥǶú簡


667 

ЦЦĿϰϰ˵ͲˣҩݵļǮǶడ˼ҩݣǾüǮ΢һ㣬˵ҲӰⰡ
ϰͰҩݵļǮˣǳֻǰԼĶ⡣
Ҫ˵гûУ֮Ժãȫ
ϰЦЦǺãҲӰⰡ
͡һһԵĹס죬ûסЦ˳
ˢˢĿ˹ɣŶʱɾȻЦⲻŵ
ÿҲңе̲סЦˣǼҵҲдˣӦ֪ǳԼҩɣǼһҲṩõģǲ֪Ҳдˡ
д⡣
濴ĿƵ˵ʲô⣿
οһǵһʴҲˣҽǱ߻Ҫ⣬ǼԽԽҶͬУĺαŪô
ɿɲǰ˵ЦλˣȥһôǼõģˮת̸ϵڴ֮ǰûҲһ죿
üⲻϲ
ϰࣺ˵˼û취̸ˣ
ЦˣλΪó⣬黹û취̸ˣϰҲǴˣͬԩǶɣ֮ǰǼǼãǿû飬ǳҼҴҵֻʣˡ
⻰һûϰҲ˵ĶʵȥҲû·
һڲ裬ȤĿż˵ʵ֮ìҪԴˣûҲǿԿƵǴ԰ҩݵ֪֮ǰҩûһҩǳҩݡ
ûĳˣֻ棬ֻҪ浽λˣĶ˵
Ļͬһôϰģϰ𾪵Ŀųϰ˼ǣҪҩǣ
ºһЦ̸λһ룬ΪǮԵʣԭΪҩֻҪץҩ˶öԱȣǳҵҩб֤ģǴǳҩݣ˲ֻҪʱ͸¶һϢȥ˵ǵҩҲǴҼҽϹ˿ͻ𣡡
͵Ŀһ۳̾ʱ취
ȫǸ׳нֻҪϰ˳ҵҩݣԺ벻öУϾˣ˿Ҳǿóġ
ȤĴϰˣȴ˵Ļش
ϰţǱѡ
죬ҩݼǮأ֮ǰǴһϰõҩݣǮҲȽϵͣǳҵҩãǮһһɡ
ҡͷλϰôڻףΪʲôԸûΪҼҸĶãǮʣԲǼᶨҩݣĲǼǮҩʣǮõĶ˭ϲǻѡǮߣ򣬻ǻѡǮĶ
⻰ͬඥϰ弸סˣһȵĿų
һɸֵģǸǵļǮ˼һ㣬󲿷ֿ϶ڹ̱ˣǸõˣĲ˵ǳҩݵ˵ڶãû˸˵һ
Ѿչʮ綼ֲҩݣϲժҰҩݣȥ꿪ʼؼҴǱߣҩݹӦõǡ
̸еϰˣ˼
ϰ취У֮ǰûҩݵȷУûжԱȵĻãͳһԱȾвˣҵҩǽһãҲëؼҩݻܳΪҽԺǱõĶǳҵҩݰ
ôһûʲôԥˣϰѯʵϰ˵Ķ棿ҩݣĿ԰ס
ţǱǿ϶ûϷˣӦаүм⣬˺ҲԼʱǲûģҾܺתǳȥ󲿷˵ĶǼҩãĸҩźãǼץҩҩͺˡ
Щϰ˽ģȷͬ˵˴󲿷ǵҩá
εѵϵϰ˵ģõļǮҲ֮ǰûжĲԸû
ϰҲ¶˾ģǰĿǻ
ҲԸû


668 

ҲϽ̬Ƕˡ
ЦһΪڣϰһǽӣҲȥǵĲֿ⿴ģǺƲǣҶΪ׬Ǯ໥ġ
ϰѾƽȻԺͳһЩҪ˵ף˵аү֮ǰṩǼңҲ˽ǿжӳ
˵еðգϾͳǵӣµݲԥ
ģллϰѣҵǲģү˭Ӧ
ǻϰ飬Ӿ㲻ϲҲֻܴʡ
˵Ķ˵ˣϰ弸ҲȥѾڣҪ뼸˳ԷҲϰܾ
ż뿪󣬹ɲЦˣҲģ취óǼƵá
һ޹ģˣʵʵ˵ҲкôҲкô˫飬ô̺أǲ׬ǮҲûʲôӰ졣
ĵͷࡣ
һԵū澴лкܶҩöǲǲҪе㶯
ͬԩңɴһʼ
ʱõĳҩãڵĵˣǵĳУҶдϲۺҲ֮е¡
Ҳû£ǵʱĴ㣬ܶǱҪģҶ׬ǮˣƱػúܶ˲
ǱģҲǺЩС顣
һЩ̷ȥڱ㲻õģǳ飬ν׼ǰοĻ͹ɶûаѺкˡ
ͷ֪ˡ
ϰ鱻Ҳһ
ڶϰͳһ飬ھдˡ
֪˶ˣû뵽֮ǰôȴԺһ
ϢҲ𾪲ѣææҵ˹ɡ
磬ɾȥ˲ҶӣҩߵϴˣǱ߰ѳׯҲˣһжǺ˵Ԥһ
ⳡϵ͹࣬ϵ͢ôǰү飬ɵҲǺۣЩ˼ӡ
̫ԶһεõӵϢʮǰ֮ǰԼһһţһ뵽ٻһܻؼңԽܡ
ǵȹԤĴã˲ҪĿԴڳ͹ɵ£ھǵԽԽãķ̷кܶ඼ʼڳû
үյķֺӣһʱһ˶ֺˡ
С
үЦ⿴ˣôô⣬Ųһʱ䣬ķֺ죬Ԥ࣬ȥҲ̫ˣŲһʱ䰡ǵ̻ˡ
뵱ھǵ˵ٲά衣
˵Ƿչõġ
ǫѷⶼ˰үշڱæҲû취ȥ
ףүڱ˶æұϾȵϾЩ˼ңʱҲһЩС鷳ڣ󶼻Ϊġ
ǰүڱţһô˳
ҲмүһУƻãûа׷ѣķֺһ㣬ܷǽǰһǰѷֺӸүеġ
ǳˣʱ䣬˶ңϾǵѾ׵ֵµƹǶûбҪھǣ˵ǺãұϾڰǣûʲôһԲõġ
үǲ죬û뵽ôҪȥôôһǻȥˣˣ
ɺͳһۣ˶𴽽ͬʱͷ
ӦòˣԺҲһǰ߻үæտš
͹ɶȥúϢһʱ䣬ƹŵùģֻܿ˱ͺãʲô鶼Ϊġ
ɺЦ߻̰үտˡ
үһЦҲ֪ס͹ɣҲֵ֪µƹŵùģأ
տտЩ׻ͲҪ˵ˣҲҵһ֣Ӧó϶Ҳ⣬ϵǲòģĻȥͺá
ЩˣҲֻڱСҪԳңǻûǸӡ


669 

ϣүˡ
ڶģɺͳͳ˳ǣ뿪֮ǰͺƹǽģϵҲƹǶûʲôɵĵġ
ߵúܵ͵
ϣЩĸŻһ̵ŹɵıôˣǲǳԻ˶ӣ
ɱϾǹˣͻȻһ¿ˮûѲɡ
ʱһϲϽ
ɸԼʱ۾һȻԵҪˡ
лϲ˵һӱȽۣҲеΣգĺϲӡ
ȴʼҪǻؾǣ·ݴһٻȥ
ǰȵʱ΢עܾͻ⡣
ɳһ⡣
ֻǴ˿̵ĹɹƼ˼ӣһӶһˣẰˣȴںߣĿǷ˺Ӻܶܶࡣ
뵽̲ס̾Ϣһû£߾ͺˣŸϻؼҡǰҪעһ㣬΢һ㲻Ӱ졣
⣬У΢΢ͷǾģ·һͺãʲôͬ˵Ұȥ򡣡
ɻϽӵʱʲôԲˣŶۡ
ȻЩ£һ뵽ĺӣ̲ס¶Цݡ
һ·ߵúµ·رõ·ΣҲһΣʱҲͣȵͣ·òߣкͺһչˣҲȻ
Ӿǵһ㻨µʱ䣬ǵĳţ˶ѹֲסļ
ŵſھͣ£ٷˣүͷǰš
͹һϲͬʱƿ˳
һڳĲ
ɶӵĺѾˣʱ򻹲ԣΪмɻ䣬ǰ¾Ҫˣ֪ɻе˲ࡣ
һͿϷǣһ۵ޣüĿ֮гӰӣ˵ĸֻǿһ۵ޣɾ֪ǽӣĸϽǰ
һԵĵúܣѵһ㡣
Ȼѹɣȴɼӿ˽ŲҲܾúܾûпˣ˼úܡ
Ϸ溬Ц⣬ӵӿס
ӵŴ۾ĿŹɣֺܾûʼûа׺ڡ
Ϸİѽӵַ˹ɵе⺢ӣ֮ǰһֱҪǰֵˡ
ЦţӺþûˣߵʱż´󣬲ϵҺҲ
˵꣬ḧŽӵڼûүү̵Ļ
ЩӵĶ˳Ϸ̽ԴĿŹɺͳ
źӵģǺھεģΪ̫ãºӶʶԼˣƶƽɡ
ӵ㣬ӺùС⣬ŽӵǵĲ˹ϲ𣿡
˵ŻҡŲ˹ģ˹ķýӸǺ档
ɼôȤϽ˳ҲŽӵϲֻСϲ͸㡣
ǿֺ£˳Ϸ˵ӣϷ˵ͷοӱ£Ǻܰİ֮ǰľǧǵ˸أнϲԵ̶֣ǵء
үҲӿ캰
ӿɺͳҪһЩˣΪϷ˺ͳүĹֻǹɺͳɢ⣬֪ǰĵˡ
ǣǰ
ɺͳʱӯĸоɼĸϽеС˵ݸ˽ӣ˺ܶС⣬ȻؼҶòá
ҲеĲ˹ĸ˽ӣԵ̶̶֣ߣǻؼҡ
˵˽ӣһνûк£ڻУһ¶Цݡ
ϷЦе⺢Ӿǻؼҡ
һ˻صɺͳ˰ϸ׼Ķ
УһڴӱӷңͣķĵЦ
СһֻСֺǺǵ˵š
ϵЦһֱûɢӵԴ㻹ϲʲô˵ֻҪǽϲģ͸Ӻòá
һԣĿӵĻ
ֻе˼в֪ʲôİھʱһֱ˼ңȻܺʲôȱܸоĺܣرʱ˵˵ҲˣͺҲرæΪܶҲҪȥ


670  Բ

صУɲ¸оʲô㡣
Ѿõѵһ·϶ûԺϢðɣ³ѣһ㣬ǻҾͰˣȻûǲģ㻳лڸ·ϢŻˡ
үһڲ裬еǲõģһ·ҲˣȻûȥǣ֪ǵĴôʱҲˣһλͺúһӣɣ˺ܶʲôʱȵϢˣҪȥýӺܳʱûм⹫ˣĺѩżҲˣ
ôʱɶûйʰǵ飬Ҳûйϼҵ飬Ϸ˺ͳүˣðչĺѩ
кǸмʱҲˣҺͽϢˣϵ鶼ȥɡ
үһЦǸãǲ֪ϸ첲ȵģͲڼ棬Դ˰Һþöûкϰˣ˵ϰףѾȥ֪ͨˣҲһֱ߶ء
ůůģǼҵĸо
ΪܾûлϷ˰鰲ź׵СȥԺĻѩԼ˻ϵʱһӶˡ
ĺѩжܶµĶŽ棬ѾտҲ÷ģǳϷģ˺ܺӣź
ضѾܴˣ׼һСչš
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