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1 ѾͷѾͷ

Ȼڻ԰ԺȻ֪˵ĴڣٴοʱȻ˺䶯
Ĳôġ
ɲô˫۾ܹһζԺôˣҲˡ
ΪүҵůѾͷôƯڵ˼Ǻ԰
ôƯһ벻үķͿŰɡүһѧҵ͹ˣŮͣˡ

ȻЩü
ԽʮˣҲ˽Լ
ǰͬòͬǰԼֻˣȴǼƯġ
ձ⻰Ķڡ֪ļܿձʵдա
ʮ걻ܸؼҲţûɹֻ֮ġ
ʮǰȴ̫̫֪Ҫ͵ܼүķΪүů
ůɶ˼ܸ͸
ǾȺүϤٳɹүˣºܸ˲ݣͱˡ
Թүͨ¶ҲǶܵ¡
һ˼ͨѾͷеĻѾͷүһ
еģ䲻
ڳȻ³ͻǱǲͳ
Ϊݣͨ˼ҲԸֻ˸ůš
Ȼһ뵽Լʮ壬͵ȥһɶҲʮɶɶģ൱ǡ
ʮ꣬ҪִǿɻǸӰеȴ֮Իô˲űеů˵ҲүǸࡣ
˵үһֱŮɫֻһ˼ĳҵѧҵ֮ϡ
ĿǰΪֹ̫̫˲ٵůѾͷݵģɣûһܹүɱˡûɹѾͷǣȫ˵еĻЦĵط
һΣȻǱѺ׵͵үķģҲɣ̫̫˵ˣǲУǾͰҲ͵ЦĵطȥﲻЩûõѾͷǡü꣬¶첻ãǵȻ͵üġ
ʱһĹȥ̫̫Ȼůӣֹöʮˡ
ʮ죬үҲġΪˣȻѹǳĴ
ʱȻʼľůҪôܹү
ģִѧҵԭűҵ̸ģڿɺãձҵʹԽˡ
ԽҲǺ¶ƫƫզʹԽҪůѾͷءǰũҵѧһֱиȾĻسһƬԭ̬ũֲ
ºˣũֲûɣȴҪίȥСУ
Ϸ˵ˣү죬ٸ㲻ǾͲٵȵµˡֱ˵꣬ӵ̧ʾԹˡ
ʱĳȻﻹ˵۵ֻ֣һ仰аү֮ǰûܸ㶨Լ͵䵽ĵز
Ȼģ㾳ôҲ뵽ġ
ԺһӽȻһһʽվ
Ȼĳÿһȥз졣
ֻǵһıȻÿһĳ⣬ʱһȻһŽһ

ڳȻʧ֮ʱүһͻȻǰ򢣬ӳڽϣɱӳĸ
Ȼʧɫվԭȫ䡣ôôҪ飬ү֮ʱǲ˽Ƭ԰ġ죬ΪʧɢȻдƬء
ǳɱۣȻҧ˴亹ವ⡣
Ҳ˲䣬̹ȻһЦү벻ţСȻĴƬطġ
ǲϰ˵ū澣ԳСȻ
ܰü۴һǰŮ
ʮͣһ˫ˮ۾˵һź촽ٶ˵뵽͸ĺӣҡ
ߣ˳£޳ɵİ𪾱زܰɫ˳ǽһĨЦ
ЦݣȻڳЦͼֱӵķʽ
˶ȻȴٿػǵӰ
ܰüһĨȻĵЦݡ˽˶ֻ֪ҪЦݸ֣ǾǱ˵ڵˡ
ĳȻ˵ǲܵģǣܳ벻ɣòһѡ
ֹ֪һԵĹһ
򶨵³⻰ǰˣǺ޾ɫ
ǰֻǾĿҲ֪ȥˣûȥ
˾ţϵ֦ҶӭƮϵ˵
գȻֻúŨ
ԼҪµʱ򣬶ڿڣ
ҡ
ܰϵЦݳ̣˫۾һĴºֳˮ
׵óȻŶ顣
Ȼ֪Լ⻰ζʲôʱò˵
ҵͨѾͷүϷԻᰲ뿪
ڶ£òĽһ¡ϾҪǸ˶ᣬ뷴գ
뿪
Ϊβ벻ε⣬ǲ벻뿪¶Ȼüʵĵͷţ뿪
ܰüٶһãϹҷ
ϣ¼̫̫͵õϢ˵үǸµůѾͷе˷䡣
ط˵ϣ
һҲûôͣ
ڶһ磬̫̫ڷ
ϲֽţүȥΪˣԶӶӲ
Ȣ˺üС檻Ϊ£̫̫Ҳ˵ʲôֻƽʱܰ
ʵϿܰǺܷһүʵģҲֻ
ҪԼͶӵһ棬ֻܰ͡
뵽Щ̫̫ͱ۾ȭͷĽġôܰҪźǻŵӣģܣҲܲˡ
ӦøģһҲ١
ˣūȥˣ˵үѾͷѾͷ·ӣ󡭡ܡ
Ѿͷ˵ˡ
ϷǹһЦҹﰡһҹȻܰŪĲ´Ҫ̫ãҵӾܳˡ
ЩѾͷǲýӣȫվǶ
һܰϴõĹ
Ϸ˿ˬӣϲĺܡ
Ҫ֪е˵һҹ֮ʲеĻ۵ɫѡ
ڻڼ֮ģڣԼû¶
Ȼϵ飬̫̫ȴܸо顭ƺ
ϷЦСеţܰЩꡣ
˰ٹصһߡ
ﰡҹ˯ĿɻãϷζʡ
ȴܰʵٿľͺˣһ뵽ϡ㲻ԽĸֳǾߡ⻬˿塣


2 ζ


ԼڻζܰϽ񡣡á
ҪϲѾͷĸ˽ġĸɵðѻ˵ǰ棬࣬ѾͷҲǸůġҪѰ쵽ġ
𱰷ǶģܰεĵλûʱһůѾͷĻ£Ǻ¶ңҪ̧̫̫뷨ҲҸа˼ҲźáԺ˼ҵ̧֮ģҲݣеλ洦ĲС⣬Ǽ
ãѧЩȻǾܶģܰ;ܾˡ
ǣֻһס
Ҳã̰ܲǺ¶ٹ꣬޼ѾͷȢţҲĸ㱧ѽ
һᵽ޼ңܰɫһϣɶɫҲޡ
ڼлȴͷ˵Ȼ
ܰյĽּʵ
ѾͷǵĽʺ޵ĸΡǵĳ˺
һвҪģȴòѡġ
û뵽ܰôڡ
ԭһܿ¶ˣ˿ʱţ¶ˡ
ɵȡˡºǼһЩȻڶȫ۰
ҲòϣСӵľʮ꣬ȻҲ֪Ժ󡭡ԼԶˣȻϽס
Ѿͷķϣ̫̫˵ˣү󣬱뿪ݵ̧°ͣԱӵĿǳȻ⻰ŤǷ˶֫Ť˳ȥ
ߣȻĵڴ϶ˡ
Ϊ³ɺ뿪뻹⼸ů
ߣ㲻ƿʱǾͺúܡ¶˭Ҳ˵ϳԿ
Ұο󣬳ȻúࡣˮΪԼϴˣźҳ˵㶫ϴϢ
ҹ٣̺үѷˣ񣬳Ȼһ¡Īģĺܡ
˵Ȼɨȣʵ˼һǻ᲻ڵġڽյģԺŵ㳰󣬳Ȼеȣȫ˵
ڵûнֲָ˽룬ģʮҵů
үھϢǣ¹ѯʡ
ܰٿһۣƺô侲ЩܡղֻɨһۣѾͷǺ˵ġоζģôһ˲ĹŮ˱ܵݡĪģܰıЩա
һһƵȻ˫ֺҵľȥ˺
ҪʰǣһƣϽһֹ̧Ҫ뷿䡣ϣֱһЦȥϷ˻㱨ȥˡ
벻һˣôϲ¶ȥҲáͰѾͷ˰ɡϷ˲ǺܸˣԼӿ֣˽ĵ׼˶Ȼ졣
ʱ
Ȼѹڴϣˡ󣬴￴еҪôô뷨෴ģǿ˺Щʲô
ʣƺûүģ룬ʱе뷨ǲ²ⲻġ
ȵȡܰΧ֮ʱϽЦŽͣСӡʹһ졣ΪԼҲܣҲ׿е߳ܡ
ܰɻĿµŮˣûӦأ㱻ѹ¡

ȵڶȻ뿪ܰȴˡ
Ȼ۾ʶȴ൱
ϵһĿҲ̫˼顣ǸŮˣô˵ĵ
𡣵ǣָġζ
ٿҪȥʱܰץס˫磬סҵġ
µŮһ㶣򢣬һ˫۾ЦӯӯĿģ֪Ůˣöǿô㲻ܱҪĶʱҪ˵˭˭ġҪ㣬ǣһԼֻһʱ˵
ɫҰףٴһ
ŶУһӲֹϲһһһ˫ˡϲģǿܱҵˣ㲻ǿʱ򣬲Ҫҡͦáһ̫̫Ը뿪ôԼౣء
Ļ٬û˿֮顣§սȻɴ۾ͺ
ɣ˴ʱ޲ðԼѪȥţȷʵҲʣڡġ
ǣһ˲İҪҪģ쳤ؾã̻һ˲
ȻͬСᣬҪ̫ࡣһʼעİ·İԼǣĳһȷʵǱǿҲһСΪԼķ
ܰϢԽԽ٣ԼģʱǱˡ
ͻȻſҧ
˻
ʹʹžʹһѪȵζ
ȻÿҲ֪СҧĳѪϻŵЦݣ˹ʵֶŮ˽֮С
ΨڶԼݵ㣬ܹˣҲܰ
ҵģҵġִ꣬ҧҵģҵġ
Ȼһ£̧֣󱳡
˵һ飬Ҫģͱǿ󣬱ġƿңܵȢϱȴ˵ʱ˵Ļ
ٺԽ䡣
ûȻ̧ܰͷ
ۣϸֳơɬգֱ˼϶Цݡ
ҲôӦңñ㡣꣬ʱ䡣꼱ڱַԼͻȻֺǼᶨǿŮˣ׼ñ˽УҲߣһҪչ˺Լ֪ͱˡ
֣ͻȻסƺҪֻҪͱôһһֻǣ貵ЦݣĪľʹܡ
ĺƣԼСΪΣȴܿ͸Լ͸͸һС
ֻǴϵ֪ƫǱֹΪͬԸ񣬻Сǳ͵
һУʼĲ⣬ںգ˽ĳ١
̫򶨵ܣʺɿ
ܰЩſϣʹعƺڰϣԼùһ


3 겻

ȻҡͷˡôݡҲʮ갡
ҴӦ㣬ڡȻֻŶҪҪ֮ģҵ˰Сݡ
õһŵܰЦ˵ļ
һȥЩѪʹɣҸҩ
ֹȥһССӣ淭һСƿӣΪһЩɫķĭ
ҩҧ˵ĵط˿˿ģоͦġ
ֻҪԹԵģһһֱ㣬ġָĸˣҲѵõ˵һЩ黰
ȻֻǿЦУЦ欣ȴֹĻꡣ
ЩմһǣȻȻ
᣻ζУ¶һֱӸ߲¡ֱۼһ°֮ʱܰŲɿ
ױ뿪һֱҧŴȻᣬҲ֪ǿе¡ôܱס
ģԼĸӵǿ󣬵ʱƿңԼˡܷĵİӻ
ӴⲻС巿ͨѶѾͷô˵ʮǼСܿǺܷһֱںǸʲôѾͷ벻˻泤Ĳ
ӲԶܰȭͷһȻ֪Ǹ谮Ĵ磬ͬĸϵĸ硣
ʵϣλ硭ڸ׺׳֮ǰ˵˽ӡ
֪ˣΪΪȥ٣Ǩŭ
ʵǸѹͲϲһ׮˳ģҲϲ۵Ķӡ
ҪϲôȢ׽ʱ滹ĸ磬㡭
Ҫϲһţ㼱æİ̫̫ӭ˼šҪϲô̫̫꣬ǣŪЩνĸܵ
棬ܰ֡
ƽղʲôᣬ벻һεůѾͷҲŶ
ܰס¾ȥ
Ȼǰʮ߰ˣǺɶɷʢͣУȴŲ鸡ɫףࡣ
Ȼ˹ģκɫʵѡĳˡƽʱûմҪҲӢ簧
üЦ˸񣬡빫Ӱ䣬ҲүʩʩȻҪ̧ȥ
һֻ֣ǰܴүܸȤĿǰѾͷ֮ǰֻǸƿһŮӣֻǱҪ뷨Ůӡ
룬һ֮Ůӻͦζġ
СѾͷϣͦİǰƾҪ㡣
ȻһһӣƤЦЦ̧üܴ١Ҳǰܲô̺үģүƿʲô޻ү˵⻨㡭
û˵ܴ꣬ٱɫһϽһ߶վţҲϵĻţϽһȥ˵ϲ޻ء
ȻʩʩȻЦЦٿƲŸ첲ѾͷԸ˵ǻûļ˵ءүҪأ⻨㣬Ӧúʹүһ²Ŷѽ
⻰ܴүɫٶȾ䣬תٵ뿪
ȻﴽҡͷλܴүҲǵ˸үţ˵ҲǸݰ
ϳܰۼ֤һĻﲻתЩ顣Ѿͷʱ͹ܻ۸
仹治ҲԼ濴ڽһ£ܼסЩ۵á죬ô˽Լġ
ʵ⻨ۻһֱ׼ڷ棬ԸܼҴЩġ
ʱ˵̫಻ֶһͷҲЩ˳ԡ
ܴٿԶݺݵصһۣٵŸ첲һ
ɼǵúģСʱΪԼ۸壬˲ٵ޻ۡȻΪµĸĿǰΪֹҲûӸ״
ȻҴһص䣬ŰϴãнŲ
ѾͷƿֶŸյ˽
ѵõģϾȻһ˿Цݡ
ȻյӹЦǰ񡣡ְ
ţѾͷһͦϲأ˵ɣ⸮ôѾͷҰŪүķȥ֪һ°кöѾͷءûˣѾͷҲ¶
ȻٺٵЦһɵɵӡ
ȵ˵ˣŲİյƸȻϷ͸ġһΰѾͷǳסء
Ȼӹвڶʮӡ
󷽵һӣֵȻݲ£ȷʵǳֵ飬һӣȻ⣬ɲƴǡ
־ͰǮأһô£ЦǺǵ£񣬻ӡ
˼Զһ㣬Ҫء
Ȼ˳飬ջǺ˶
ǺǡȻ˹ҲסѾͷҪ鷳Ժɱ͸йϸˡ򰡣Ϸ˺ǡ
û˵ȥȻȴǶġھԼȥءЦͷȥʱֽһСѾͷʾٰҩ²뿪
Ǳɹء죬ҲǴѵĳȻ൱ƣëһҩ㲻ҲƤɡ
òװ£ȻϽʰߡ
ʵҲûɶʰģҲǼʹ͵ѣоǸղŴ͵һȻֹ˶ҲʮһԼжҲʮ
˵ӱܹһĶӣɲɶáУҲûеǿ
ļ㣬ȥҪǮ
أŷСˣһ۾һ¼ѾͷһǺƫȥɡ
ȻŲһͣԼռ˱˵ġǰеһѵֵܽá
˵Ҳ湻ߵģȻ̳ȴûжǰļ䡣֪飬ҲǴӺһһѾͷѾͷǶġ
ݷѾͷ˵ǰļֵܽһѣ游ĸ֮ġ

˵¼һ治˰棬ֳмһױͼ޳ȥ
мһ棬˵ֵܽáңôļͥȻܼô顣ԭһũңһλ˾൱ĳοһҹ֪֪֮ҡ
տʼܼһмĶƶģôҲֲסһһ
³Ȼʱ㱻ܼ꣬λôȢϱôȫܼҳŮ׬Ǯš
˵ȻҲǱܼҵѾͷ˵һǲǮġ̫̫һͷ˻˵˭үů˷ūд͡
ΪˣһγȻͣū͡


4 

ܼҵĸĸҲ֪Ǵ˵ԼѾͷů¶һӦûǮͰ͵˹
ǰһУȻˡ
ǵȻռ˼ҵǾͿ¶ɡ
ŷƫǶƵŮʱȻֻúĻš
Է򸾴ȫǲģɫҵķǸˣһ˫ֿȫϼ롣
ˣȻҲϣ˫֣ȴԳõĿʽȻһСĻƺﻰ⣬ǰ൱мĸҲ˵̫ƫģһֻۿĶˣ˵ŮǾǻǮĹߣ
ѽȻѾͷɳˣءһϽЦǰȵ֡
ŷ˺תߡ
ȵŷһߣϵЦȥһסȻѾͷôֵýޣһ¶̫̫϶㲻ٺôϽܰ޵ǮҰɡ
Ȼ㶣ųӵʱĵĿ찡
ǰһ⸾˻ԼģһӣתҪǮСѾͷ˵治٣ڳϵŮģֵֻӵķݡ
һһֱվԱߵĳͨȻû˵һ˵Ǯ˫۾ġ˲ұӡǼľͲûһڰȥ
ȻĬȻǰһԼƷĸĸ
ûӣҲûǮֻūѡȻ˵꣬תԼϰߡ
һ˵ûǮͿ
ʲôûǮôܣܸ˲˵ˣֻҪ¶ǮǴСȻѾͷ㲻˽ǮɣϵüһҪ
ҿȻ֮ǰͻվԶ˵㣬Ҫƾֱˡ
Ȼǰĸĸû̫ĸ飬ںµˡĻļֻ֪ŮǮķ򸾡
˵ûоûУǿԽȥ̽װ
⻰Ҳ˦ˣȱ⡣
˵ҲҿԭǸũŮӣһֱţҪЩ·ֻҲᴭϼġ
ϿѾͷ˵ͱҲǰô࣬ͳԼʹ˸ɫ
ͨ򸾶꣬ĵزԼ뷨
ڽ˼ϳȻ־Ͷǰ
Ϊڵ˳ȻߣԳͨĶȻû壬Ҳû˷ôǵ֡
ȻסǸưģ⻹ôΪëôöԷá
ʼд򿪰ĳͨ򸾣ǾôȲ
Ļʱֻ֪ǲдӡ
ǳͨǼææİѰֻüȻƽʱڸʱõĴ·
أأͨƺ⣬ΪʲôûĴӡ
ʧ飬Ȼֻ⻭棬൱Ŀ
ӣʼͺ˵ˣûӵģôˣ
Ȼ˵ű־ͶԼİȻĳϣҶ^ӶˣһûŶء㿴ǲŮõʳ԰
ʧĳһ⻰ʧ䣬ݺݵصһۣûǮĶԡҲӳ¸ȻٷҲûԡߣѾͷƬӣһëǮҲûţ
䣬ŮϣͻȻһϲȵ֣Թ԰㡭Ķˣ
һԹԡĳȻȫļƤˣ^ףƽ޹ʵıֳ޼ӣ϶кµġҲǻԹɫˣղųϿԼͻȻһϲ
ܰŮһصˣͷ϶ٳڶصġԼøϽ취һӣ򡭡˭֪᲻ŪʲôԵء
ûͨ飬ǼԼеġ
ĹŮˣȥ޷㣬ѹͲ˽Գӡ֪һǼƷҲòίϣǺܰеơ֪ǰ˶Լûɶ飬ĩ֮ʱҲòǱϢ
̯ǰһҪһĻ磬ϵЩۡ
ֱͨӣˣˣˣһҪģһЩǮȥ⣬һ˶ܳˡ
Ȼľ޺⣬һ˳ԣĻմĭġ
ǳȻҲۣȻ⣬ѳͨקһȥ
Ůҿۼõˣһȥ³ӣ˵Ҫ򼸸ѾͷȥۼѾͷǸůѾͷҪҵ˼ѵġȥ˾ǣҲͿ컯˵ԺܵǮƵ˼ҵ֮ء
ͨһǣϲˡΪѵĿһԼǳھǰ£ҿ˵ģЩЦĵطۼҹŮҪȥˣԺһӴСＸСģ̧ͷˣ
֪ܲⱻȥѾͷȫ͵طȥ¥ĹģǱǮֻۣͼǰǮĻ˵Եġ
ѾͷǾĵشȥʱͻѳȥ˱ĵطóİ˴ˣ¶ܴ￪ۼôɣǶĺءԺô˹٣ɾǹүѾͷɶ
ͨһŵʱϹүǷĳ⣬˵С֮һ߶̫Ľһ^֪Ҳôɢ
У˵
ȻۿԷţʱʱԼۣڼƻټһء
ңǱøϽġҪӣû취ˡ
ֻһңҪôƿءҪ֪ŴˣТΪ
ŮĩʱԸĸΪء޴ӷȻůѾͷһö˵˵ȥҲǳϷ򸾵ĩ޵ŮҪǵƿأѶȰô˵Ҳһ˵
ֱ£һ磬ۺ۵ĳҲܳϷô
ǶԷ򸾿ˣҲڨڨվһʿˮÿ̳һö磬ͨĺͻỬһ¡ֱһ磬ͨʧջ
ʱĿֻʣ¶ڵĲȻɣǴʱǴڴϡֻȥˮ붼Ըɾġ
˵һҲҲԼûãŮǵ⡣ȻЦһ̧ͷĬĬļҪô
ϴųȻûмڹҡ
˰죬ѳȻһ档
ӵֶŮס档ÿѾͷ㰲ֶŮ
ϻҪô˵أӭ˱Ÿ⻺
ѽⲻǳ¼ôλѾͷɣѽӼﻹôµĹء
Ǳ޶ӣӹʱһ˫۾ڳȻûŲ


5 ͸˵

ѻ޶ߵĸ˻һţһƵЦ·
ЦݣóȻ뵽Ŭŵľ^ȻϾ^
һߣǰǰҼѾͷء
ӵڳȻϣĵһѳϣ˶
Ů㲻ҿϵ˾ǵضȥǣ컯Ĵ󣬵ϾǵģõĲȥ
⻰ĳĻŭŰǣǿҲĵط˵ӾǾ֮УԺŮҪȥǵطһ컯Ҳȥǿ۽ġ
ҪһһĵطкüǮ
ѾͷģȻûģмҲø͸׶ѾͷǰʱůƳ
һ⻰ˣǰաҪ֪ŮӣûƵģȫͬļ۸񡣾ǵڹǣͰˮˡǰŮŪȥٵһԺ׬Ļġ
ȻգҲ˳ȻĵҪͳۼ۸
ʱȻһ䣬~ףĸѸߣŮڼһꡣٹһȥ
һ˵ţһĳҪ۸ҲС
ûޣֻڨЦźӵ
˵¼ҵģֻҪҹŮȥұ֤׬ʮӡ
ͨһ˵ʮ۾ˡʮжٰ
ѳȻܼҵʱҲŵֵʮӡڿɺãһھжʮ
һԣҪǹ˼ɳȻڳ޲õӰߡ
Ȼȴ̲һ仰~ףŮһǲ˵ģҲȥǮ˼
˵⻰ܵȻ˫ۣȴóҪĻĪľ˻ȥǳͨԼŮҲȫ䡣ֻŮܸˣȫǱ˸ġ
ŰҼͣȻؼһˡ
ϸϽ⻰£ؼôҲñŮӦ¶
ҲǸģȻˣȴҲףЩǱƲõġǵӦˣºҪ벻Ĩ˲ӣԼɾͿء
ֻм˵µչŮתĽϰ֡˳ˮҲɹۡŸĨӵŮɾͳԵĴ
С⣬ڡ
ٱʱְѳһҪ˵ͨ˵ĲҪҪɲʹǮġ
ףĿŲԡһҵĵʱȻˡ
һǵģֻһЩֶ⣬ҪʮͭӶŵĵҪѵȴ뵽ŮҪʮӵġ
ΪʮӣϺģãҼҹŮҪԣסΪˡ
ٴӵʱϽеİǮôûˡ
ģȻǼʹĵġ
˵ʵȻ治ϡЩģһֻ֪Ůĸˡ
ЩģܸܺȰʤޡ
һ̤С·Ĳ˿
ٳ˳ԼĹŮֻŮı仯̫ࡣΪȥҲһˣֻΪܸԸ䣬Ҳ˲²ȻǱָĴ
ٵӣҪŮȴҲѰ쵽һ·вϤĴڴкһ۾ڳȻϡ
ӴСİ벻ŵ˳ɻһ࣬ľͱ仯ôడʱڼﻹֻǾСĶˡųȥһ࣬ˣҲƯءǻһҪǺͳ¼һҶ
ӭһɫ΢ڵĸˣȻʱȤȻٺٵЦԭĲ֪Щ˽ʲôֻͳһи
ǸԼЩСİﰡ
һɰѳȻŪľ޺ˡƺͦģǺǵЦǰ֣ߣȥĻ㿴ĸȥ
Ȼ˼һְ죬λǷѾͷ˵ģԼеζĴء
˵ܼһӣҲϴҵ˻㲻ġ
˵ĸҲǼõģκĸಡģǰǸͨӣ֪һôͳĸڴ󲮼ˡԼߺһ꣬Ҳ˲ٵ顣
ȻԼãǿ϶ҪһƣԳȻЦӦţͳ¹һȥ
ǳ¹һͼҪֹѾͷò׼ĵǿɶ߶ءǸɡ
ϴҵһͲĲЦһڣ˵ãҵǼСжѾͷģҲֲⲮ겻Ҳ˰ɡɲ㣬ѾͷҼȥҲȥ
ˣŮңȥˣôҲġ
Ծ¹ϲ⣬ʱҲֹġ
ôţȻ㱻~ȵקŹҡ
˵Ҳڼģǳ¼ҵ֣Ҳǲűӵ
Ȼ֪ģǴ󲮺Ͳڿ죬ǰЩһֱ
󲮱ۣأЩӣڳƾ˸Сơ
ڳȻߵʱ򣬴󲮼ҵӲſҵ
Ҳǰӹ֣ȥֻǻһֱȥͷӵĻҪԼ󣬱ôӵİš
νڼҴӷ򣬷ӡ˼ңҪӼжĻġ֣ǡþǱݵͷˡ
ͷôԸģʵհ졣ôҳˮҰҲʵĸôҵġ
һܱ󲮽ߣ淢˺£ͲǳȻ֪ġ
ֱǣϣһ·ϲߴͣЩڳ¸һЩ¶
Ҫ˵¸ǳμ˼ңСˣҲֻ˵˼ҵķɼʶȴǲġ
ȻҲͼЩȤ¶˵˵˵Ҳص˼ҡ
˽ţͰ᷿߶Ѿͷǹ
תָϽѳȻǰһƣȥȥֿΪһţһ˵㱻ˣţҪǰߵء
ȻסԼû뵽ְ죬Ҫ뿪ôңԭΪˡ̫̫֮£ҪòǰˡôһˣҲôҵʹʲôӣ¶Ǻ˳ŵµġ
~ϵĸԭֻǰ۾ڴأһȻ˫۾ٿ
ųȻֻ֣еһҿѾͷӴ
һϧĺȻ~͵ġ֮ǰ۸˵һЦ
һ˲䣬̫̫һȴĸζˡ
ᣬܿƵ䣬ļһ̫̫Ļ§ʳĸ
˲ʹ§ԭŵûɶģ§ȴ޲ðյԼѪ
ҿĶԹֺ˵ϵ¶ȵ׷ʱ϶ˡûðúõһѾͷǶϸ̣ȥ


6 ֹ

һ˵Ĵ˼Ҿֹ
һߵĲҲĨ
˵ôֶŮ۰ģȴѾͷ
СѾͷ
Ҳϻ۱ݵģģʵǳĿΣЩԭŶǼ۰Ѿͷġ
ΪҸ˼ң˻ųһأͱôҸ¼ȥˡ
ºҲϴҪȥ¼ˣ˼ֻһ仰ԼˣǾɲ÷ڡ¼ҵƴȥƽϣңѾͷȷʵǱԼôͬмġԼ⵱ܣҲֻͽ̾κΡ
ںˣѾͷֻˣֻϧ֮
ȻߵӿԴǰֵζһĻšĸ
šš̫̫򲻶ϵĴӦšֱһ߿ȥЦŴѾͷͺãȥϲ¶޳ɲõ¶ˡ
ֿ꣬ųȻ֣ѾͷȻ˵ǼǷ˼ҵġô˵ҲΪ֡ԺɶԵģ˵ǻȥҲûȫġ
Ȼ⻰˼һҪ֪ԼٵĿǶľ氡Ⲯֳ
ǰĲһĴȰҲǳаĸˣһ˫۾ǻɢ
λȷʵǸܸɵ˶뵽⣬۵Ĺ£ĿͷɵþѾ
һɫͱˡ
ָϽקɶ˵һβôҲôѾͷ£㻹ֺ㲮ء
ȻĸиŲѡΪǰҲΪԼû뵽ﲻУⲮֻе顣
ĨĨᣬŰİδӸ˵˳
֣ġǴȥŪ档иŵġ
¹һ֣һڴϡϰѾͷҲ˵ˣʲôӪģ
ǡʱСгȻҡ
˿οĳȻֱѾͷҼȥ鲮ʡˡģģвڣһɲ
Ȼ֪˲ֻҪ׵öࡣòĺ֡Ǳ𣬺ԼСһȥ
СѾͷãʮһĺӣɿȴͬ԰СһЩɫҲήƲѡǰͷǿѵһ㡣
СѾͷʱҲӵؽ㡣
ȵȥʱѾͷӵקס֣㣬β˰գһϣڼҺþͲܰ
ŵС֣С˻ɾһϸĹͷĵļӣȻıӷᡣ˼ҵĺӰ
ţμˡչǡ
Ѿͷһϲק֣𣿽㣬̫ˡһڣôҲܺһá
СѾͷ˵žͲ˹ӺӵȻҲµ˽ǰڼһЩ顣
ԭǰȻ˼ҵģɳȴǶʶ񡣶ڸĸΪҲǲͬ˽ĵزһЩͭǮ
żҲǽȻʱ٣ǵ⵱ľǼΰˡ
˵ʳʵûóԵģǰ취ŪһЩҰɣҰζ֮ġ֮ڼҵӣϥµӣҲ
õһϢ󣬳ȻٴθĸӰ
ҳȻһӪˣľ޺ѡ
û뵽һô˰ϴ϶ǽ˵ġϱУͦŸվڳߡǸ߸ȧǣеҵβóȻоŮˣͳǲ͵ۡ
ѽСļأˡǰ֣ϵкſ
⼸Ǻó̵˵˻ò˵һʮˣҲӿ˳һ㡣
һλԷֵļСóȻʵĿ۽硣
Сֻ۾ббһɨ̧ͷλ
˼һӳԷλĵطһ֮ġһӣȴһСλ
ũСģܳ˵İ֣Ҳɾࡣɴ˿СڼĴжá
һ˿ٵİһ跹ȻСΪҨ
Ͼһûˮĳײˣм̲ˣپһˮҰࡣ࿴ĳһЩڵĹףһҰζġ
඼ռˣķܶȻ⣬Ϊʲôӻ˵Ƽݣ
ȻûӣͿһ˺ۺ۵ĺǸСһûԡ
ʱС̧°ͣһĴֱϰһ׷滹ŶƬݾȵƬʱȻ׵ˣΪʲôһȫɫѣ׵Сȴ᳤һ֡
ϼȻСεһЦѾͷôܱ˵ͷǸӡȫҶҧءⲻѧãһֱõĿ佱أ
ǳ°һ佱ң˵ĺãҲġ
ȻƣƾС˵ӣдֻ֣Ǵûʳ
ϿСֵߵߵͱһôϽ֪Ƕĺõ
СһƬ⣬Ĩ춼ǡ
һˣǳȻӣǿǵĭϵĹš
࡭Сѷȥˣŵһɨȫˣ֮Աơ
Ȼһ˼飬ô־
Сѧڰ˾ӣôҲ˰ɡ˵զӦİ
־£᲻Ȼ˿ɬ찡Ǵɩɩ۰Ͱ͵ĿôƬء
ǻеĴɩǸŶӣϵſˮ
ᣬûءСһһ㶣ŭбųȻ㶮ʲô־˵ˣҪѧãдãҪдãҲѧġ
һ˵ȻĬȻ飬ѧ꣬ѧѧ־ѹ˵һСƨдĺãĺõˡôҲѧһЩɡ
ʵдô⻹治˵ϾһӶ飬ʶд֡벻ãС˵
϶СǸݰȻĶԳϸʧ
ʣʵİѷȥ
Ϊ̫˿Ҳ࣬ԵϳȻ˯һġ
˵ʵвݺ̣ЩɲȥκΣܲȥ˯һҹɡ
㣬ⱻӸǡСõǿĺܣǴõĶ͸ıӲϳ


7 

СЦϡãƺֻҪѱӸڽϣ͵õҸһ
ⴲ©ıӣȻ̾˿סСģǰɸǰɣһѾͲ䡣
СѾͷٺٵЦ§㣬á
С忴ף۾һתҲŲ˹㣬ҲҪ
˫۾ˮĿԼ͸ˮóȻĶˣ˫һ߶§һã
㡭Сڼ˼̧ͷͰ͵Ŀһֹӡ
Ȼͷʲô¶˵ɡԽԽõ۾ҹᡣ
㣬ܼүǲһж
Ȼ벻Լӻ⡣
㣬ᣬҾڵɩ˵˵ܼҵүһ˶ء
ȻüҪ֪ȥܼҵůѾͷֻм֪ˣôʣ
ãôܼү
С崹ͷ˼㻳ֲ˲䣬˵ܼҵѾͷɩӾ֪ˡȻ˵ܼиһүүҾһֱܳһ˻˭
Сһ˵ȻˣԼůѾͷ飬û￪Ҳǹ˼ġС֮Ժ棬ҲܰĿܵĻ
渡ſܵ͸ɬƫǿԼǰʱ࣬żҪȣֹԵӡ
뵽ЩȻĴЦݣĳõʹˡ㣬Цÿ
֪ԼˣȻϽһͷԣ˯

ܼҡ
үܴľЩˡ
ȥɡ
ϣӷ飬óһЦˡ
֪ôô༫Ʒˣʵȫҵѽ
ǶôƯ෴ģ¾ɡ
ӿ仨ȴãġ
渡ֳŮɢЦݣĴǳǳ
ҵң
ŮףҲǳϣΪֿԺϾд¹Ͼͽв͹¡ڴһֱ˯š
ȥ˰죬ߵ˵ˡ
ô˯أ
Ƶһ˯˯˯֪˯˯˳ԡҲĹҲˡ
ͨҲ˵ɶأҲɻġİɣǮģۼôôҲ佱ģԺͷˣûǮ
⻰ֵߵߵ˵ǣҼôȻˡҪأٲǮֻ·Ӳѽ˵ҲԲϣ޵ŮҲûǮŪرǴѾͷԴӼ޳ȥ󣬾һֱңۼҽҲȥŮ
Ҫ϶˵ĸİΪзһ񣬰Ҽ޳ȥ˵޸ǶƱӡΪ¶ұЦǶƾɶҪżҵĶڣ
ˣˡŮҲǺģǼѾͷҿȥ˳¸һ࣬ĻĲء˵ĺãѾͷҲѾͷôƯɫûӡſ˵˵ģʮʮۼСӽޣܶķˡ
һȻ飬˷ˡ
Ƕʮӣĺ
Ҳ˵¶ءǰŻźˡҪǸϽ͹ȥҪһ˴ɾ͹ˣѾͷСٺһȰ˵һѾҪĲСǡ
˵⣬ѹֹ
Уô۾Ͱ͹ȥȥȥһˣһѾͷƬӻܷǡ
Ȼ֪һϵʱ䣬ԼǺݵĵĵĲУӲģҪȰ˵ϴС
ûʲô˵ģѾͷҲȥô˵ҲǵŮɡһزڶأʮ۾Ϲˣ첻ô˵ҲٴǵԸѾͷҪԼȥɡʵڲУⲻТŮ˵ˡ
ȻĿǰһķ򸾣Ц˵Լ⡣ӽ緹򸾱೪ȰԼΪأֵܵѧҵΪ˼ĸԸȥﵱѾͷȥ
㣬ⲻТŮ찡ĲТôŮأһĲУͰԼˣõΪʹ˳
ͨɨһԼŮһϣϴϡǽҰѾͷˡڻûޣĸ˵¶ҲޣѾͷ
䣬ԭڵűƿ¼ҴʶʣһһҵİҪܵĳȻ
ӣԹǰҪͬ⣬Ǿ͵óǮҪԹԹ˼Ұɡ¶̾ԼӿȰ
Ȼһ£ҲͲҶֻĿЩˡ
ڵֻ̣СþһЩȥԼ𴲵ʱ㼫ȼĶ÷ԸˣǿԼԣȥѲ
ҵǲŮһһأ㣬ľôأСҿۣҲΪֵ˵ҪΪôܽޣûˡô˵ҲʮӰȢ˶ɩôܽޣҲӦûʣİɣôŪļﶼԲ˵ˣô飬һȫൽϣĺ̰ǼûǮбҪôô
ЩʣʵҲڼӶԼͿһֱȥϿǡ
϶۾ȭͷȻӣҲ˵㡣
ʼֻ£㷴ӦѾͷ˵ǰԼء
ǰһɿڳȻϣѾͷϵ⣬Ҫ顣ҾҪôѧҵһҪġôˣ㣬Ǿġ
¼һģ׵ˡ
ܶѾͷ˵ԺҲԶ˵
Ȼҡͷģ׵ȥﰡͰ͵ΪôܣΪǲʵʵңԶĳͷءȵôֻܹ£һˣҲѽǸѾͷȷʵνλ磬ǡ
µĻû˵ȥȴֻǳؿһԼĸ硣ǲ԰׵ɫв壬֪öӣǳɹˡ
ˣٴγҪ˺ͣȴћ¼Ҵһšס첲˵ĲңΪôһ˾ôȫһôĶӣҲǡ飬ǻҪǴȫҵǲܵġҡҿǷ˵ĺá
Ҳ޳ɵķּң
ŻæѾͷӣȴҪַּңǰġһ۵Ĵ޳㿴̵ĶŮǻϣҪּҡ⣬ô˰


8 ż

ͨɫҲ൱ѿڲ˵ּҵʱȴѾͷѾͷ仰ͰѼֵϡ
ѾͷˣǸҲǮʹʱϴҵʱǼҲиָͨٲϵ仰׵ĴϴĹǡò˵ϵ
ͷһٶȰѳȻڱľ档
ֵҪѳȻװ׼ӵϿȥʱıƿ
·˽
Ϻ͹һĶԻҲ˸߰˰ˣһ㺿ЩϰѾͷһأڶأô˵ҲϵŮءǲۣ⵱ĸĻ۰¶ɲǹˣѾͷңҴȥңԺѾͷ飬ܡ
һӶΨǴӣϰȥˣΨͨǴӡ죬ȻҲİͦҪΪԼŮˡ
ɣ߲ͨѡ
ȥɣѾͷĵ¶á
û˵أϵĹȾ;֪ѾͷĵѽޣТӣһءеңе㣿ĻҲҲû˵Ѿͷȫҹܡ
ТӣֳľӺվŸϽӷˡҪҴǲҵǰɣɿѾͷӴˡ
вģô˵̫̫Ҳǵĸ
Ȼһɣٵط߲ѵ̫̫ĸûµģϱҺء
˵Ķ£̾һǰǡô˵ǣָųͨ򸾣ҡͷѾͷôµĹŮǷҪûʲô˵ģԺѾͷҴţ¶ҲܡҪ飬ҲùӵĹزС
ͨȻʣô˵ТΪġƽʱǿ죬ԵǲСĿ̫̫ѳȻߡ
Ǿ˶ʮӰȻһţſڵϺ
ۼô飬һѽ
Ȼ۾ǲ԰ôܽޣһνˣһأ
ңôܡֵǸϣƾʲôҪ
ʱ´ӻҨһӣ˵Ҳæһӣ͸ȥôޡԺһٻɣܰæģҲһءԺҪҪô飬ǲҵ顣ݴҲݴѴ
Һϵ¶ҲǷ紵ģǿڵ׬ġʱȥ̣ΣյġˣЩ¶˵Ҳ
ҿҲȷʵ࣬ҪɣѾͷҴߣѾͷҲߡǸӣʱٸһЩǮҲΪǼḺеķá
ȻˣҲůůġⲮĻ°Ȼ֪ԼһŪͳݵ϶ˡ
ͨˣԭΪнģϴҵƻ˺£ҲôޡҪģѼСѾͷҲȥ
һʡ˿˵Ϊ׬Щá
һʱ䣬ҲӣϽЦӭڻ˳Ȼһ䣬Ժڲ㡣
ȻӺߺһת߳˼š
ϲʰ׼һľǡ
ʱȻ˽ȥ§Ǹˡ
ǷĵĻǲ棬ôܰСӴ棬ȻҲԼ취ۣ϶ǲСġ
°Ĳ˼Զ£ֱ̧ѾͷСͿİֻСӣСͰҪһôµĹŮϧû㡣ﰡ۾ãҪָŶӣʵŮ㣬˽̺ˣһءҲԹﰡƤǳֻ֪۶ӣҲǱĥءҪǵƤǳҲƽ׵ġǺǣѾͷԺ͸ŲˣҪˣԺһݺüױء
̧°ͣĲȥˮɵѾͷֻǾһ΢ɶأ˵ҲôĵġҺ󲮻мøæĲˣûѾͷǽ㼸ȥæһз¶ôǺǡ
֪ǽ㼸˵ʵѾͷ顣⣬ҲһеɫģҪǽ㼸ȥҵġ˵˵ȥǲ뿴ҺǳԿ࣬ⲮﰡǡǰĸЩɿĻѾͷҲ˵ˣģֻҪǽ㼸ͺã˵Ժ󰡣ҡģѾͷ֮һǵġֻ֮ǰðæҸסģõģҵݱѻ鸾ˣ
ʲôѾͷ˵Щʲô㲮ôҲѾͷ
µĻû˵꣬Ȼָϡ
Ѿͷ˵Ҳ֪һȥܸʲôŮӣãҾôˣܼ޸õô˼ҵͨѾͷ㳤ĲмǼ޵ĺõģҪΪ檣ҪǼЩŲõ˼ҡ
Ȼ˵ǼˣĽ֣ѾͷҸ𣿲ᣬû۵ķңѾͷޣѾͷǵͨҲľͼһͨжΪޡԲѻݣҲǹҲܷࡣãҲֵһֵơ
˵ģµ৵˳һ§ȻֻһҿѾͷءԹһϣҪǣҼҿ˵Ѿͷô䵽˵ز
ҹ޻ڶ賿Ȼûͳͨ򸾴кŴţȥϡ
ȵ˲ңԶԶı㿴һСףסҪǡ
ڿСʱ˼سȻ˵СӣӵĽ
˵ЦſСüۼȫŨŨĸһ̣Цݣ˲ұӡ
Ȼ̾ԭĸһ˵Ƿ
§СһСûǣҲмöҰӡҲûˮĴ۾ųȻһȺˡ
ȻԼ˫ţʹءǿСȫĽ֮顣
ͷȻűķ֣ýϵЬӣȫ¶˽ֺͷġѹСһһװСӱ󣬿ĵһ£Ϊͷ
ⲻϱôСͷѳȻźȴͻȻֽкá
Ȼ޺ôҲ뵽иС˶ϸԼϱ


9 ϱ

¿ԼС㣬۵ЦڳȻѾͷҲֿͺٺٵЦ
СþųȻֹ㣬СӻҪ㵱ϱĻءΪȥһˣӦǵģ벻Сô۶
Ȼ֣ҪСû뵽СӵĺܡĴ°˦Сȱ䵽ȻǰֺС첲§
ϱҿأˣСΪӷ磬ߣȥ
ȻٴŴͣСǳһСΪӷ磡
ѾͷСʱǸġʱ㳤Ưַ˼ȢϱڵʱҪ㵱ϱ˶ֻС֣ҲӦˣôˣСǵءһѽΪСʱʱĻ߶㡣ǰһϷСΪӷϴĶζСҲ쵽ǻϡ
һͣȻٴξ޺ˡŻСԾӣˮƤǺһ۾ȻԼһСӵжã
ϲҲ§һ
Сôһǵɴ۾㺦ߵĴףͷǰѽɬ˰ƯϱȻ˼
СաԼСɶԣġƯŮӣϲҪǿ飬ҪôͻҪ˼ҵ˵С͡զĶ顣
ӣٲ㣬˷ءҪѰŪߡ
ɰȴͷڳȻĻ䰡䣬ͷӱңҲҪһ㣬ϲ
ӱůͣϲ۵ģұҲеġ¼ףȻϽȰ䡣
§ŰӾ硣
һ⣬ˣסӣȴġ
ڵסº󣬳Ȼܸȥһˡ
û븮ڸŷûһѾͷŸ
ǰǰʱѾͷ˿ѽҵ谡㲻֪ǶſءںˣᶫˡȥռΪУ־òôɣɲ֪˼жܼ尾
ȻֻǺǺǵ֣ӹŷѾͷ֣ص˵һлл
ѾͷһлֵЩڡ
Ҳأֻ֪˵˵ȥôôô͹ˣǼ˰ɣѵ˵ҪЩǰˣȻҿɸ㰡üȥǰ˵ˣֻǮǣҲöõġ
ѾͷԲԲüëŨڣС첲Сȵȴ·硣һֱǸɶ˵ɶĻӡƽʱͳȻĹϵãһôع飬ŵĲˡ
ҰӷȻҸˡǣҾ񡣱ģҲɲҡѾͷΪڣɵùһЩ
ѾͷҲǼֵܽö࣬ћ׸ܸѾͷġΪԼԷѾͷӿɵ÷üǶʮǩԼڷɾ͵ʮ
ͨ˼˵ʮǿһҲòġ
ԷѾͷȻؼңȴҲֻǿɬһЦܹϺӾͳɣѽܸﵱѾͷʵҲõġ˵﹤ˡﻹķҲԲϣÿҸСֶң㲻֪ǻĵʱء
ѾͷͳȻͬԼҪܸġֻΪżĸȢϱĸģҵ˸ڵӣ˵ˣٺ͸ͨ˵˵Ѿͷ
Ϊ¶ѾͷĸĸûġԼǩˣ㲻ҲֻܴˡȻһȻԼҲ֪ģòƵѾͷ֮ԻȥǩԼҲΪ֪Լ˵Եʡ
ΪˣڵʱҪʱȻȻѡӽѾͷʱҲǲһ˼Ҳô죿֪ЩӿũҽԼ㣬ʮǮ
ŶԷѾͷΣȻðշӡò˵˵۹⣬ȷʵ׼ģѾͷûʧ
ŶˣԴߺҾͱүеȥ̺򵱴ʹѾͷˡȻǴʹѾͷǺʡŶаȥʹѾͷкö˶ĽҵĺǴǼƽʱĺܵŮˣңǺõĲˡٺ١ҪֿʱѾͷȴⷽ档˫۾СųȻ
СȻ֪ܲءûȴҲʵĸиţѲɣСӻҪģɲɣ֮ܰԶԷѾͷˣΪڼڵԭ򣡣
Ŷˣ£͹ŷС֧һڣҺء˵ŷСӣѾͷŤǵóȻٱﲻסЦˡ
⻰һѾͷǴ꣬˫Բ۾ݺݵصһۣˣһûȥΪүءѽǲ֪ΪүЩɫĻص֮ءһүôôĻأҲ°˷ʱ䡣
ѾͷԶ
ȻЦֱ͵˸ȥҡͷֻ֪˭֪ǰЩвݻһȡһЩҩأҲ֪СǴѧЩҶءڲϣһʵǺĽǸСӣȻᶮ˶ҩ֪ʶȻǶҩɶҩ
ؼʱʳ
ȻϽǰĻƣɣȥҲẉ̂Ҳæһ£ĸɽׯ԰仧¶ƻ鷳һЩԵ벮Щ˼ˡ
˵֮꣬ǰİ˹¡
´һոµһѹϰԵķŵҧһ£̧ͷиŵĿѾͷҲѧΪԼˡֻϧǿҪĸȥң
ţʵ˼ҵͨѾͷŮӣѻ鸾кء͸ŪѻģŪһֻҪҺһ֮ؾͺá
¿ѶҲͲٶȰ
ֻ̾ȥźúȥˡ
¼ҵĵ̳۵ĻЩɽҰ˸֮ġȻҲһЩ˳õĻǷ꼯ȥʱ򣬵ﻹæµ
ٹæ󣬹±кԼ˵һ߶˵
ôˣԼϱΪԼĲأüͷġ
ǣ¶ҵú˵һԲΪ¶ִ̫٣ҲϲϺ˵ˡ˵꣬СĵĿҪ֪Ѿͷö¶˵󲻴˵СҲСңһţݼСġ𲽵ļ˵ǮҲԽ
˵ɡͷʹǣԼﵱȻ˽⡣ܸɣ
¶ȥɣСľ˵Ѿͷˡ


10 

šֻǵһüĸ
Ҳ֪ѾͷǱȥͨġ벻ܸ˻ģȻѾͷļūˡⲻͼȥˡֻǡĵܡĵҲʵѾͷɹŮһΣһΡһҪŰ˵̻ȥ
°ѻ˵Ĳ˵ΪƵȻϣѾŭ
˵θ˵㡣
ԭΪ¶Ҳ˵˵ˣļôôء뵽Ѿͷȥĵڶ죬ļұӲȰ˵ɣҪѾͷȥżҡ
顭µĻû˵꣬ϡɶļҵôܰŮ͵¥ȥҪҲˣ¹ǳ¼ҵ£ôҲùܡǲѾͷˣ
ǿ϶䣬ʡ
ºٺٵЦҲ֪Ѿͷһֱڼţ˭ҵļһ᲻Ϊٰۣ˸ءأҡźѾͷһˡ
ûٽһ˵㣬ҲļСѾͷҲ˵ġ
˳飬ֻǵһۣƲĺߺߡҷܣЩȫ¶
һӴŶءԼ˲ر˷ܲѵһˣľڳһӴӴǲء
һ˷ܵΪġ¶˶ˡҪ֪˳ô޼¶ҲϲŽеġ
ƽʱ𣬵Ϊ֮Ǻصġ
˷ܹȣȻԼˣ
¹ϵתŶһȥѾͷҸׯӣҪѻ鸾˵ݴȥסڵ֮ǸϽΪһ֮ءһ£ȥˡ
һҲܳɫզġ»𼱻ǵľ˳ȥӣ͸βŻһ
Цҡҡͷһָ͡ϣоﻹʪʪģһơ
ԭΪׯ¶е鷳Ȼǣڼ󣬳üҵһŵĵط
ƬطӿȻЩҲǿסˡΪⲻǮ󣬱ŰѷתóȥҶ˼ӣ˰æһ£Ҳʵѻݵ顭˵ʱЩ㣬ûֱӳȻ
ȻҲûȥ˼ǹ£Ǻ˽ġ֮ǰһֱĵľǳȻҪѻݣҪ֪仧ҲǼϸġͻȻѻŮ仧Ҳ÷Щ۵ġ¶ûԼ˵˵ƮûйŲ
ֻҪ¶ͺð졣
ΪǾլֻǮµģΪ㹺һĶˮһĶɳأĶ
ǮһһٰµĶӽˮ۰һĶɳزֵǮֻҪĶһĶµһĽࡣɵʡŵð
ܰ㲻ŸǵİɣȻûǮǺĿų
һҰ̫æռǱˡ
ðɣѾͷȷʵǲֵǮҪ棬ִסûǮţԼܹȥ˵ӲҲ˶ӣǵһɡѾͷԺǹĺúõģǶԲһҵıˡ˵ˣϽʰˣԺǵļ
¶Ҳ࣬ڰٺóȻ֮󣬱Ͻȥطˮ壬̵ﻹʱ·ء
ȥˣȴѹ˵ġ
㣬ԺסɣСԲŴ۾ϵʣȻӲ粮ҵģСþԺֻǽһҲǼõˡңô¾ɣҲǸ©ѽ
СñԴһЩ¶Ҳ࣬ʱСѾͷҲƲס˷ܡ
ǰǰãԺǾͿԺͽһءңԺǾͺͽ㲻ֿˡ
˵СõỨ֪ʱжൣʧȴĽ㡣
ңĽģһֽʵصĸо
Сһ𾻿ŷҲŸɻˡȻֻ˷ܴӣϽѶĨǣʾȥȥ
ϣ㣬һɻСС첲Сȵģ⶯ĺܡ
һŤӱСĨѧµӣζĨӡ
¿ֺǵĲУѾͷСȴġŮҾǺð£ҼСүСǸү
СǰӣΪСҲûѧԽҲˡ
һ߶߶ԼСӺܲĿ飬ף㻵ҲڰҼ¶㿴ȫǰŪġ
Сһ˵ţһӣûƿغãʹ˲Զһӡ
ۡһһӣô鱨
Ĳ°ӣĵڼƻˡ
˵ҪֽѵⲻСǳȻ󣬿ٵСһ߶
ҴȥĲ԰
˻µСӴðԴ廹ŭĹͷ˳һץץҵĵɪɰѹ¿ЦġСҲʵƤЩ
ΪǴ󲮸ҵˣıˣңܻвٵĲ԰ӡЩǳȻһֱҪĶΪЩ԰ӣأԲҪֲȻ߲˵뷨
ҪΪԲһΣҲеũׯᡣֱ֮һӣ˼ֻҲǿеġ
ǣµµ㣬ҪԼЩ֮ģ׵һߡԲΣ¶
ܵĲ˵ֻнھӵĵطһײˡ˸ǣŰӵڴƬأԥһ£Ķ£ЦȻ
λӣҵݰɡ֮ǰڵʱǺ˵ˣֵײˡǽӣ¶Ҳú˵һġ˭ӣײ˵ҪãҾѲȫ˵ˡǲáҡؿŲء
˵棬Ǹɫ
ü۵ģֽҲĴ󣬿ĳǸ̤ʵأڿĸˡ
ȻǳǳһЦɩӣǲõģؿٻͳɡɩӣҽгȻ֪ɩôƺԺ۾ھӣɾ͵໥Ӧһ
Ǽãزĵطױ˵ġھӼõĹϵĿǰҪġ
ѽӣءҷշ͹ҽзɩӰɡӦñԵɩӡӣ㳤ѽĺÿǻ˶һġ尡˶û


11 Ǻõ

ɩӴǰŮӣȻʮӣȴŸ˷ҲǸ˵ġ
һŶ쵰ˮ⻬üҶáСǶͦ־⸾ֹ۵ĺܣʮָ۵ĸˮжƵġССģģӦһ䣺ӦôĴӦСС̸ֹжȣһǸòģǴ˼ҽ̵Ŀ˶
ɩӵĽɻ滮Ľ˶һˮƤĽڵ١ɻϲ˶ô˸ͷȴ˹顫
֪ԼݻΪ˵ķͷȻҲ̹ȻĿ죬ʵ˵Լݡ
ţһɩǽզģϣɩӺԺܶչһЩԶЩ̽ͷ̽Եɨۣ˼Ұһеƨ¶ȫ嶼֪ˡ
Ǻǣ˵չ˲չ˵أⶼھӼӦõ¶
ţҪأ˵Ҳû취ҵԶݣԴӳ׺󣬷Ҿȥۣڼźɩ֪󣬱˵ҪڳⲻҾͰͰ͵ĽҲһǮ仧ҲʡĺѲķɩǾ𡣡
ԶĿƸ̾ȴҲݳңҲԼһĵλ
İдǼ˺áǿ˱ԼҵģǾͻͬķģЩֻšɿɣ˳ĺãջûҺá
ȻһʾͲ˷ɩӵͬ顣㲻ԶһЩ͵ĸ˼ңҲǼΪͬġ
˭֪ܲͷȥ۵ˣǾһ
С˳ˣڼɩֶ࣬ǵö찡һͶɩǳԴףٺ̵ġֲС˵ӣĿ
һЩθżƬΣٿųȻʱЩĽ˼ͬ顣
ǷɩӣȻҲڿܸɣȻġ
ƽʱôãҲǺ޲üͷ
⽿СҲԼһ㴦ͬĳ֡
ųȻȵ˵˰ĻֱСһ߶ϵĴߴҪȥȻŸҪ
ٱʱɩְѵİײ˻ȥԡϾǲɶҲû֣зܹԷİɡ
ʱȻСһ˱Ŷײ˻ȥˡ
һصСӾ͵ĶԹ
ף㿴ҲܰİײǰӱģͷҼӱĻҪ󡣺ߣ𣬰Ҳӷˡ
۵ˣСһۣĨĨǵõļҾߡ
õļҾ㣬ȫԭ˰ߣˡµģҲЩʵǳŲĶһ׵ĳȻ˵ȵӣٳһһŵĹӣòϣҲܼªĳƵһЩõļҾߡ
ڴǹ¹õĶż򵥵ľȻǮߵ˻ȥ˵ҪǮǿҪһݹϵΪˣԳȻֻĿŲΪԼһЩҵ
ŶȻǱߵİóһеģȥһ´ﰲ仧ɵúĵһָùϵطеƧŽĹϽΧȴСһׯˣҲкüٺءԴǶĹϵ֮ģɵߺˡ
деĵطһһвְͬ쵼ߡ
Ȼڴĵط壬Ȼ͵úͷùϵ˵ǹܴ¶µҪذн˰Լľ֮ģùô˵һ֮ڴ˵еʵ۵ĸо
Թʱ򣬱ҪȻʹùϵ
ţ֪ˡȥ
Ȼȥϴ֣ҵ˵Ǹȫǲ׼ĵϣԼһЩ֮ġЩ󲿷Ǵóġ
ȻǮ࣬˵ܵȻ൱ĸмġ
Ǻй𻨸⣬ȻٺİԼڳﳶ߻Ҳ͵͵ĺÿ㣬һ¶ˣҲ˸ˡĸ˵
°
Ϊ֪סԳȻȥʷɩӡ
ڽصķɩһҪȥңɨɨ˨õĲĵͷ
ţȥǰҪԼʱǼµӣǴҵġ
ɩӿûʲôˣչֹһ䣬ӰͲʵڵġҸ㣬˳ĲôȢ˸ϱˮ顣Ա˲ģͶԼĵĺܡҸ㣬
ɩӼ˼۾ѳȻֵġͷ絽Ķѽ
ţллɩָ㣬֪ˡͷɩӵл󣬳ȻϽȥ
һùأ¼ˣҲడ
һ·ٻڵˣΪף˵ĲĿ
︾˺ӣʵǺʵĽң֮ģҲô֪
еĸ˺ӣֱĿȻҲա֪ǴûԼԶ΢ЦЩ˵ͷ
Ϊԭͳ~ˣЦУΪ֮ǰ뷽ɩӵ죬˶ڵһʱ֪λƯСϱȻƯʵǸ˶
ΪˣЩʶԼ˿˺ҲֻǳԺٺٵЦ
ҲЩⲻͶȻֻ·ȻЩ˵񣬻Ĵŵĸ˽벻
κʱڹ۲˺õӦط
ڼң緽ɩ˵ǸСϱȷʵˮ顣
һ˫˵Ĵ۾д~ƵļԼһһľͷ˷ȴǴĸζ⻬ĶǣˮĴĲ׵ҫۣѹַɩӻ˵⿴žƲ۶
ҼҵİɣڼǸ˿ȻŵĶʱҲ󷽵һЦְһӣź۾
ţ°ҵĳȻһͷкЩТɩģҪᰡ
΢ҲǼЩ¶ģҲ󷽵¡߲ɨһۣȻԼҪɫ
̧ͷʱųȻɫࡣ˵ſ֮Ļ񣬵Ƿŵһ߶
ڳȻʱҲԴλĸˡ
˵˼ǸĸˣΪڼܵ裬ԲŲѵİԶ롣ܰ˱ƵϤĵطԼĴأҲǱƵ·ߡһϣ΢Ҳʹһ뷨ʵĿЩ
ԼСҲǱĸģ΢ٶųȻʱơ
ӣ㳤ˮ飬ԺҪдС¶æԹҼǿ˵һµġŮˣء磬ǰҲǲġϧôһ仨䵽ׯֻԺóЩͷء


12 Ϊǿ

΢ǰ˶ǶҪĻǶȴҪ䵽ֵءһҪҺڵĸ˵жѡ
ţҲ¿ģֻҪܺҼùĿģҲˡɩ仰ҲﻹҪɩȼȥ
΢֪ˣҪæһЩģҲϽͷʲôתִӼץһǿȻǼֵġȥӳ
񣬳ȻҲûƴǣϱ˳Ĳ˽ﴦµģҲиĴϱԺԼһɶ¶ҲܶൣһЩ
ˣҿ˳ۣԺû¶ۼҴ¡ȥʱ΢һ䣬ڳȻϣвζ
ȻҲû̫ϱΪɫֻ飬±ͷӦ¹ȥ
ɩӼʱĻü΢΢
Ӱϱ㲻һĺءҪ֪Ȼòˣȥңûܴõʳ㣬ǵһ
⻰Ȼ΢ȣǺǡѲɣŮв뷨
ɻ󣬷ɩҲҡͷˣô밡ҲǴ⣬ԼҸıһź£Щ¶ҲɩҲ²ġҪ˵ҸҲЩȢ˶ϱûˡҪôɫһˣôҲиߵء
ɩ⻰ѳȻ׵Ĳᡣ飬ԼһңдϱΪԼýšⱣýˣ~ء
ȻɫÿɩӸϽٺٵĽͣɶһҲֻǲ²ġϱҲôġ·ϰûӰӵ¶ѽô˵أɩӰյҪɿ⣬ȻϽקס֡
ɩҲǺĵң֪ôģҲʡЩ˵ϣҸϽȥﻹҪԷء鷳ɩˡ
˴ҴҸ𣬳ȻתҪȥ
СĿһ̴̵ĴԼøղͷɩ˵˵СģҪȥһ·ǡ
Ǹʮ꣬°Լ⡣ҲЩԭȻкģ⸾һŤϸˣ
ȥķƺԼҹǼˡ˵ҲھӣֻھӺͷɩȣƺôġ
Ҳ£룬Ҳġ
ΪǿֻҪԼӣһζá
Ϊ׼һЩˣԻǷḻġ
һײ˳˿һײ˿˸Ұ˼Ƭ۵ƬСһǺȹ˵ġ
ѽҼĲ˺ó԰ӳŵӴСӺһĺߺŸ̾
ĹµÿôСӣѲ˵Ĳóԣǵûء
СĿ죬ҲûţףҲóˣֻҼȣԲ˵ΡүˣҼյˣĿǰҲġ㲻̫ѹһԭһ㲻Ͻġ
Ȼ͹Щ̿ס
ЦСӣ˵˵Ҿӣ߶һѡСƤԺ󳤴ˣ˭ҹܽС˵ˣⲻǲϽСѧҵϲϽʶôʵġ
ȻֻҡͷС̫ɰˣҲϲģͱ½ѵˡŹ£ҪȥѵСӣȻϽСӳȣӣȥСһ£ɢʡ
СǷǶˣʳ׵ºӡǵֿͣп˺ԡ
ȻѾͷطĿǰ˵ǰȫġ֮ǰߵǼˣ˵еڡݲ˵ʲôֻ㳤һŮӴӣֵأֳôӰɲġ
ֻʣ¹ºͳȻˣ±һĵ
ΪѾͷһö˭ӵô
ȻůůģŹ¾üиж˵զôѵĶǺءԼǸģȴҺв㡣Ӱ㲻óˡǵ겻ոɻôһһЩ򵥵ĸɻаҲ˹ĿһҪԼһ˹ĺãҪòҲǿҪôģءһʱ䣬ܿҳЧˡ
¿ųϣĪľͷȻѾͷ˵ģʵһŵЦݣĪľͻš
ڶһߵģԭҲӦùȥСһƤӲŹ¡
ŹʱԼͻ⼸ֶŮСʱҲѧ±Ҳ¡
ȵˣȻ㿪ʼڵֲˡ
һ飬ǵȻҪֲֵ˵ġ
СһҲһæǰﵹæʱӶࡣ
ʱ򣬳ȻӴüӡ
ڣҪ̫ĲҲܡ
ѲڷɵĵҲЩ󣬼˱ϴɽժҰˡ
Ͼ߲˳٣ŪЩҰʳŲС
ʵҰôóԣҲûлֻЩҰˣҪô
֮ԾɽȻҲ뿴ƬɽϣɶջûС
ǰС˵ŮɽٶеջҩģҲûнָʲôһЩҰޣ£칦ܡ
ɽͼĲǿܲҵһЩҰӣһЩ߲ܽһЩˡ
طôҲԭʼģûôɽ
һ·Ҳժ˵ҰˡҰܳԵĲࡣ
ϾĺҲ٣һгĹӣЩƤĻ᲻ժңɽҲ٣Թֻժ˵ûȫɬĹҲСһԵĿĲѡ
û̫ɽȥɽдһȻֻɽժһЩҪҰˡҲժЩҶӣЩղʹõġ
ˣɽҰȴЩ
ڵģҲһЩʵĲ˸Ұˡ
һ·ϣóȻĿһɽҩҰɽҩִǺüһ̲ö
ǻԣٴһֻӣһɽҩȻЩˮ⼸ɽҩȻҲ֪㡣ɽʱһСͷҪЩɽҩҲֻܿȴڲߡ
㣬Щɽҩĺܺó𣿡ʮһѾͷһĺ档ųȻĳݣоԼҽ㶮öණ
ţܳԵأЩ˶岻ڼ壬˵ŪһЩҰˣ߰ɣۼȥඡ
ĿջܷʢһɽҩȻһ˱˵Цżȥ
·սǴǼʱλ°͵ĸĿˡ
ڿһЩɽҩʱǺڵļʡֶҲ֪ܳԵġֻҡ


13 ڼ

ߣһȺûļ
ȻüŮˣ컹Ǽ
С죬Ҳû˵໰Ͼǲ̫ˡ
СӵܵĿ죬ЩûںһȺ˳һСֵĲ죬ĵҲûо
ҺСþȥϴˣ
Ȼʼıƴơ
ĵҪԼũǾ͵ʱ
ԭʼͶʻ𲻵λũ룬ҲʹǸΡ
ҪٵĻͶʻõģȻҵƵķӡ
ڲסǼ죬гȥ˽⡣
Ҳŵ֪ʱĶ飬һ뷨ġ
ʵʩʵŽС
ʱûз˿ȫ뵽˿ۡ
÷˿ô֪ġ
ңɽзֲٵĢ
ҰֲɽƬطȻкôһƬ
ĢִֶǺġûп
ЩѩĢٰת󲮼ҵ̡
ôֳɵԭϣΪʲô
ѩĢҪҪʯǿԱģʯĴҲư
ʽСԣԼһˮĢȷʵǴ˵㡣
ԭϣȻڻ
ѩĢ󣬾ɹҲԱġ˶ѩˣͿԴѩĢ
ﻹеӣʱĢ
Ģã꼯ʱ򣬾ԼһЩ֮ȥҰ̯׬СǮѣѼ˵˵
Ҫɵ¶ȻڵڶѼСɽȥĢ
СǶ˵ˣСҲ޳ҲܰһæСôһʹĸ㵰
ӣﻹһ꣬ôһ갡磬һֻɫܡ׽
ӣ˼ҵıˡ
ٺ٣СѾͷҰ˲Ưء
СúͰĻȻҡͷˣ࣬һӡһأСˡ
ͥʹСĵĶԴעһ˵Ըʲôġ
ڵϣȻĢϴɾгСǼʯĥĥʪۡ
òľҪҵˮ󣬰Ѳľҷȥؽ衣
ֱһճĶΣȴ󶹸һĻɷӣһĢ󣬾ô󹦸ɡ
ŷɩ˲ȻЩȥ
ɩû뵽ǲŰڶ죬ԼʳңӴĳʳ
Щܳϲл
ɩӣºҿҪݲ֮ģҵȥĢ󰡣еݲһճζࡣ
Ģζյʱ򣬾ʺζճݲ˿ζյʱ򣬼Ͻĩ飬һգĢŴɿڣǵٽ˵Ĳȡ
İҼУأŰȥ
ɩӵĢ󣬻ѧôˣԳȻĺøУǽڽ
תͳȻ룬Ѽݲץðһ
ѽɩӣҪôءҲ̫ˡ
û£û£ݲҲֵǮҲŰҲûɶóԵģоšҵ￳ЩײȥţҲиĶ
ݲˣȻθᣬڵĻͦġ
żȷʵûЩҲл˹ҡ
ϣݲһЩ⣬ճĢ󱻼˳Եֳ˶ӡ
ӶźСüȥԺȦӶ
ȻЩĢЩϴɹɣ㶬ʱĢ󡣲켸СһĲʵĢҲһгġֶһɳĢС׬һӣҲܻĿ
˯ʱȻŷ֣Լȫʱǳ˼ҪôܰѼ
ڶ죬ûɽĢ
һΰӿɾûʵĴܣСһתת㿪ʼܻ
ȵȻĢںʱŷְӲˡ
ӣӡ
˺üûܰѰӽдӦһöŻˡ
˷ͷУСֳ¶ˣȻһȥǰңԼ෴ķȥҡ
ȥܶûܽдӦ
һȻǳ׵ĻˣٽŰӵŲ
ǰӳ£ҪôذԼĲһҽ
ӡӰһء
ҵϵĺС
ߵ̫̼Сˤһɽ

ȵŷʯȻŷ֣ȻǸɹʯ
ſڣһĽӡ
СӡʣߴҲС˵Ӽпɽ
Ȼҧ¶Ҫ֪ⶴˣһȥһȱ֮ģǺ
ûҵ飬ȻϽС
ãɽȻҲ۵ģżĻͨ©ڡԶԼԼҲܿļ·
ӡӡ
أء
ӵĻشʱȻϲϲһﻹţһʵ̫Ƥ
ײײѭܵӵĵطȴСһһţڿʱֻ֣ӡ㡭Һ䰡
СһȫһףȻǱġȻҲ˲Զһ©ĶԻйӳ
ӵطεĺܡ
һƬط󣬳ȻеķＫ䡣ܻǿĺۼ
ŹȥΪӵĵطͦԳȻֻȥҹߡ
˺һѰŪʱСһﶼı۾
ȥʱȻٿһ۰ӵƬӣһİɫûЩԼҪʯ
£û뵽ӵĵطȻ⼰ʱꡣΪʲôͻȻ䲻ɣͣ
ЩʣȻû̽ǰѰӱؼңˮΪ塣
굽һʱˡ
ȻڴԼĳطСһﻹܲ˼ڵţӣ㡭㲻ܡܿҵġ
Ѹ`ķ`С`óȻɫĴ𣬺ruһѣŰëСһԼࡣ
治ţŴСǼ꣬ҲԱ˼ǵԼܰҩ᲻ҲиôɰСӣ
뵽ЩȻ϶`ӣһƬȻҪ֪ҩôСء
Щ뷨׿ȻּɹĢжС
ΪеĵӣȴҵһܷƵ¶
֮ǰΪгϲʯⶫȻ͵úúõ
յļڣϽһЩĶŪȥۣ϶Ǳġ
ëëǮҲǮɼ縺ǵΡԼũ룬еһжȥǮ
ڶһ磬Ȼ𴲺ɽ졣


14 С

ڵҪǮǾ͵ðѱŪǸ飬Ҫ֪ʯˮıǶٲܳɱһпɶܳɹ
ӵĵطСӲȥ
ȥʱȻѶڲͻʯͷϣԷһϾӻ̫ͽ˵㡣
ʯǾ壬Ҳһֿʯ̫ڡڵģЩʯӶġ
˽һʱ󣬳ȻںЩȥʱ´˿Լʯ죬ԱôŵҶʯ˺һ㣬˵ĢŹҡ
˵ʱ汻Ǹܶһ˺ü۵
Ģü΢壬޵һ¶
Ȼһ`ӵĻͲףŮôһֱԼһ˲˳ۡǹˣֱӱſȥ
벻ʱСþȻѷ˶ˡֳɵĢСճȻζԵЩôСҲˡ
㣬˰ɣҰˮȥ𴲵СãһϽȥˮ
ûֹСڣСܼ飬ǲŵġϾ˼ҵŮûҪ
Сӻ˯ڵҹ˯ڴ`Ҳ⡣
һǻȥɽĢСڼŰӡ˷ҪɽҲ
Сźƣ˸ǿ顣Ҫ֪ɽˣɽϿɱĶࡣ
СһɽʱɩӼӶҰӺС
СһηͷηԵĸǶµھӣǺܺ棬û
ȻЦк˺ʾǿԽȥС
Сһһõ׼ȫ˷ܵŹ⡣
ɽϹȻһȥ鿴Լ顣
źǷʯˮǱ˲٣ɱҪʯȷʵС
һЩʯȻԽĸ̾Լûҵѵʯֻǲء
ϾʯҲͦġ
ѹִʱ˵ڹŴ죬ҪԱĶǾ͵ø˼ҲܳԵϡ
ΪʯѵģԳȻҲۣʱͰһͰı
ҹһЩ׺ţСһ۵ĳ˸⡣ϧûۣҪһۣζ
㣬컹ܺűĶǵһذ죬ĽĿԼҽ㡣ǳݵóȻ൱ľ޺
СӸţӣһҪȣһҪȣ찡ˬء
ܺˣӣȥٸȱۡ
ˣ죬ȥϰ̯ȥ
ŽΪϱͨһıͺܶࡣ
ȼڣԼŪһЩĶȥô
ȻҪ۵ĶҲˡʲôҪԼȥҲܡ
ȥ˵ıۣϡϣѣ~һˮٰڲЩҪˮեһЩɿڵıСԾɹˡ
뵽ЩȻֻǮԼ֡
Сӣһ˵Լǽһסˣٵϸߵġ
СһȵĴյǰӣҰɻûɣԲȥЩɽгɽ֮ġ
ɽ϶º㣬׽зɽϴӡȥ~׵߶߶ֱŲóȥ桭أӲⰡ
㣬ӣûˣҾţһлܰѴǵءСһ˵žͦͦԼظСĵžž졣
ӣһ򵱹أĪơ
ϧС̫˵㣬ôôСҪԼȥŶԡ
ȻЦС~֪СǸ˶ļһǣǳõľסذӼﻹ~ףеףѵһҲǣҪ֪ӵİʲôóԵģǲǵһ㰡
һᣬӾ뵽˼ɶóԵģǵһ뵽ġиǣҲǰѺóԵģĸԼ˵ôˣżе͸ǵ
С׽ָһΪѵӣȻϽ
أҪ뱣ǣǺ¶ǣʲôأȻǸӺô˵ڡҲֻһûӺǲǻˣҪ۸ǵĴͽãܵЩһǣ
ӿЩѹĳԼС˶ʵģǣĲȥ
˵ӼȥأǹȥˡǼҵСӺۼҵİȫΣӵÿŶһȥģɲֻ֪档ðѧҵãܿ״ԪǾȥ״Ԫүȥ˰ӵүάǣЩ˿ɲ۸Ŷаʱ䣬ҲøѧһЩĹ˵ַиʦҪ˫޲У𣿡
СӿǰȰԼƯ㣬ԼӣƯܻʳӡֻǣ˵ģ̫СԲܱӣģӵĻ
ãҼȥҪúõ˫ȫһĹүߣʱҿ˭ҰҼУʱҲұˡ
˫ģ񣬰ͻȻúɡһΣһʥΡҪѧɣԼҪõˡ
ҲɳİӲף˹үҲһܱԼҪˡֻвϵƿһЩҪĶܱҪ˺¡ȻһȫǺ󻰡
СͨˣȻҲ˿⺢ƽʱƤеݣȴдӡ
ǲúõֻ½;
***
ڶ켦ûȻ㼱𴲡
СݵˣˮŶٵʯȥſɱ
ԽֻҪһʯȥٰкõĢһȥҾͳɡ
ò˵вһ⣬Ҫȥ¶ȷʵǷ̫ࡣ
ˣֻ´ʱǱҾЩüչ
컹ʱ򣬼ñݲݵĳ˵㶫һʲ׼ñ·ˡ
СãСãöǰ
СҲҪϧûô౳𣬳ȻҲ̫һӣСһǰߡ
ϻһʱ·ʼСӻܵĻʵż֮ģȤȥһ£Ӽʯͷ
أ⸺ؾˣС첲Щ
ΪѵĿһ۱ĳȻȫڵĺˮСһæĻ˻ȥ
Ȼǰٶ۵ףʵǿְѰġ̫⺢ӣԱģûѻԼ


15 

һʱڸϵ˹µĵ
ʱ򣬹·򸾺ʹڿ꣬һ˱ŵĹȫӭȥ
СӴԼףǰһءҲ԰ˡ
ź˵ϣдųģ׸ϽҰɣ̫ܸˡ
ﴽΪѺǣҼҰӳӺأȻ֪Ǹɻ
õĿ佱ӵ⼫ˣٺٵһ°ͣǣǰҼӡ
СһһľֵһߵСӴһӣΣյʱ򣬾ͳӺͽĺҽлˡ
Σպͽŵʱ򣬾ͻӵҽгȻ¶С˽´Цˡ
СһͺҪͣȴɻԼ˽̽Ѩ¶ԼӣǴζ˳ȻᣬҪԼһ𱬵֪СӾãƨƨԼԼء
ףȥҸڵСָˣȥ
СһֿŵķӵĢ԰׳̵ٶʧڹµǰ
֪ĪĸĹ£۾ųȻ
ûҲûɶġˣҪҵԱһ£һڸʳ̯ӣ㲻İɣ
ȻҲ֪ԼⲮ԰ӹ̵ܽϸأңҲǸƢ𱬵ģ˵ӵɽ¶֪ôԣ¶
΢תҲû̫Ĳԥ
Уſڰڸʳ̯ǰҲΪⲻãҲͲˡҪھͰڰɣȻѾͷҪɶʳأ
¿ǶĢֲⶫզԡ
ȻĨ˰ѺˮϽ˼ˮҺԺĹæµ
һһ߽⡣
֪Щ۳ĶȻɳʳʱǳԾˣڿ˹
ĥ۵ļʲԳȻȫĢϸ
ĥĥɷۣ˺ڶʱ򣬽Ҳֹ
ȻͣȥгһЩʵˮ
ˮ飬پե֭ˮһЩʵˮɳɡ
´ͷЩϷһЩˮ
Ͻһ¡ЧҾͰڳȥˡ
Ҩһĳһ£ˮ㣬бζ
ȵļˬĸоӽģܵȫÿһëס
ˬѹǮ˻ôϲҿѾͷСԲϽڳȥ
ļҲñ棬Żıı飬ֻųЩû֮ǰϽǳ۳ȥ
ЩĶһڷųȥ˵Ŀˡ
˿Ŵ컹бϣȫʿˮֻã죬ƺˡ
ϣʵıСԣóԵĢأϸڱʮͭӶһ룬ĢֻҪͭһ߹·ģҲûϵԳԵء
ڳЩĢͱСʱȻŪЩԳԡ
ĢǺյģʱҲ˵ô
һĲҲͭһʵĶͭһ
Ȼ۵ĢСûóۣԺܶԳԺΪ۸񲻹󣬱Ҳ󷽵һ
˵СԣԳԵ˶࣬ԵģȴǼٵġ
Ͼʮͭһ룬һС˼ңܳܵ
ڵģֵˣ󲿷ǮľӶ࣬ں̫ԽԽʱв˿С˹
ĢԳԵûˣְæһ
еζȵһ룬ö·˶
һʱ䣬æµĽŲմء
ҪһĢ󰡣ϣһĢ󣬼ǵüݲˣŵݲǺ¹Щĩһգʱκʹлζء
ڳ۵ʱ򣬳Ȼ;ûŵġ
һֽİĢãСþһ߶Ǯʱ侭ѵСõҲܼʤǮĻơ
ĢСϲСԡ
Ȼн̹ô֭ˮôЩ
ڰ۽Щˮζ˶ζ
ʼСΪ۸󲻺óۣ̫ԽԽߣϵ˼ңҲ֪һұСڳۡ
ö˼Ҷͼʣһ롣ÿڸвַٹϼ롭
Ϊ̯λһֱΧˣ·ҲΧ
üȥµĵѡһЩƷһʱ䣬˳ȻС̯⣬ҲѹµҲ
СõǮӺܿ͹󲮸ϽһԼҵĴʳĺӣҳ䵱˴Ǯ䡣
СȻСôǮСһĲˡ
ʼյЩأٶȵҲԽԽ졣
ڵȻǼݣŸɾͷֱȻСǱӡ
һ˫۾ģĽһĿ൱ľ˿СѾͷ㶺ٸһǮǲǲʶ
֪Сýӹһ̧ͷίĿǴ壬壬ǮһӶ
Ǵԭֻ붺һһ˵һЦӸͭӶ¿ɶԣ
СõݸһöͭӶһЦ壬һöء֮ǰ͸ʮöֻҪٸһöһ֭Ǯ˺ãҲã㡭
ССѾͷϴ۵ЦݣСŮеԣϲС˵㼪Ļ
һʱ䣬˹Ц˲ϵĸ̾ΪʲôԼҵѾͷûôء
ȻȵżŹһȴ⼸˻
Ϊһֱά״̬ʱһλСԵĿͻȻЦСеĴ
Сһϲ̵İװͭǮĺӱһȥһʮʮѽѽô죿Ҳѽ
СһֻѧʮλãʮԺ֣Ϥ
ɡСҲ˴죬ȴ̵ҪչȥæǮ
֪СȴٵİǮﱧһĿԼĽ㡣
ҪԼҿһʮһһѵķš
ǲ֪ǮôɣãҲһֵ񫡣գơ
ҲҪæȥɻҪԼˣȥ
¿ֶŮԵӣСһǸװǮ棬޲ðǮȫ䵽Լ档ֵˬʵЦѽιǰѾͷ˵Ĳԡˡ
СʱųȻͰӻ죬ǵҲ˲١
һ⻰ͽӹúϲͭǮĸоһоȫԺҪ͸ֿžˬǮǮòð


16 һѻ

Ȼҡͷ̯֡ô㿴Ǯˡ㱯ҲǮˣҪԺССӣҲǸǮļһûǮֿôˡ
˵ţü۶һŶƺڷԺССҪǮ¶ɰѹЦĳ
ǡѽιǰզͲһѻһءӵССӣۼҰӲ갡ȵףʮꡣ
ʮ꣬˵̲̣˵
ʮִͣǸСëӡȴҪ׵
Ǹˣͬʮꡣʱһһ˰ɡ
ĪģȻ뵽ǸӰ
ܰһԺ飬߰ĺܡ
ʵϣȴǡһȿˡ
ͬǶʱ䣬еķֻ֣ҪһĹذȴԸжĻһ硫
Ǹˣϧ
㣬æɣ׬˶ǮʱСūȻǰǮ
ػ꣬ȻӹʵǮ
յͭǮӶ࣬ô
һǧͭӴһ֪ģȻ崮
ɢӣôҲܵһǮ⻹мʮɢǮûܴɴ
һȻвǧʮǮ
ϣһЩǵǮ߰ʮǮһȻǧǮҲǡӰ
󣬳Ȼɵۡ
һߵĹɨһϵǮͬľһģȴο⼸Ѿͷ벻һ⣬Ȼ׬ôǮһۻģҲ׬϶ʮӡ
Ǹģ̯λķá㵽󣬳Ȼһµ𣬳ȻϽͣ֪ģݣҲҵɹŮô˵Ҳ˼ҡҿ̯λ׬Ǯһ¶Ҳνˡпʱһֱ̯ԲҪİͰǮ¡
ǵ飬Ϊ̯λþûˣ෴ģʲô¶㣬ʱ顣Բ͵ֶŮТİɡҪ˵ǲλȥôʵ̯λأЩӦõõġ
һߵĹԼֶŮ壬Ҳס
ȻҲ²գֻǿϢֶŮġ
˼תֻ˲뵽һ
˵ֶŮǮأҲˣ˵
½˵ϼһ㵽ǸϽ˵Ҫ˼ȥء
ǮǲգҲýɡҿڳʳ󻹲ǵأҲֲ¡ңҪ֣϶Ҳ˰æСʳ̯ӣȻⲻ󣬵ҿ㼸ȴɵġưɣóһʱ䣬ֶŮǿ϶ʳ̯ˡ
ҪǴҺһһţϻ⣡
һ飬óȻȻĶҪ֪һæµһĺܳȻðæɻкܶʵʵ⻹Ƕ
˵ģʳõİȥĻ֮ģ϶ö
ֻǿһСԣ͵˹ȥˣ϶ǲĵġ
вļ룬д󲮼ҵĴһ𡭡
ڹºͳ´ת
ǹ£ü˼һ£СԼǣЩǺˣֻһǾòô׵ҿĢۼֶŮĶżǼ룬⼼ˡ
˵ȻϽ˰ɡҪǶҲģæˣܷȥУͰմ˵ģһСԵ⡣Ǯһ׬
һЦСеĴӻҨһӡãȻѾͷǴͶǰʱҪʲôϣΡƽ֡ͽüɣʱ·ǿǿ֣ݡ
󲮵˳˵Ļ˳Ϊë⻰˵Ϥأ
ȻĬĬ룬ŷ⻰ǰԼС˵ġҲ˵Щֱ󲮴Сӵ˹ðɣ󲮲ˣ˵Ǽ񻰣Ҳ˳ĺܡ
Ǻðɣ¶ٺ٣ưɣʱС˵еæˡڼţðæ
ǹµĴӣʮꡣ
СС꣬Ҳежò
Ϊ鲻ôڻʶֺ󣬱ڼæһ⡣˵СӶ鲻УⰡһ֡
˵ҪԼڵæʵ۾һĿһ۳ȻͷţȻѾͷ˵Ļ
ЦСӣǽȻѾͷеģҪȻá
Ȼž޺ȻãȻȻءզôıŤ
𣬻ǽȻѾͷɡҾýȻѾͷУϲĺءȻսģźñŤ׼˴ʽȻѾͷɡð˶УҿɲҪŽ㳤ö̵Ľзۼ˼ңǴ˼ҵһס
ҡͷִŶƤѾͷء
ȻٺٵקЦԴѴ䰡䣬ӣ͸һʳСһ
Ļ棬ĳ̾˰ѹֱĸŮסȻѾͷԼճҲʵĽ
ͻȻáΪëԼͲиСѾͷǰȻأ
иѾͷڻţоӦò
뵽һ㣬ɨµĶӡ
ǣٻһŮðӣ˵Ǹ֪жҪһСŮ
극ȻϽӴҴҹҡ
ߵǣԺӱмӼʺ
¶һζˣҲ֪˭ҵļҷšũ壬¶ҲǱⲻ˵ġԳȻû֨
㣬㣬ֻë󻨼Ǵסɱ˳Լòã
ʱۼָµһֻѵļϲС
ȻһѪ
ɽϳĲҩɹ˻ûļأȴֻ«ĸѲá
У˼ҵģáǿߡ
⻰أþͲһʯӶǼȥ
ȥȥ
ǼܾԺҷɡһײѼɹĢҲ˺öࡣ
һ£öˡ˳һʯӶǼȥ

Ҳ֪ǲǼùߵģôһʯӶǼȻſڵϲˡ
һżӲϵ쳤ţ﷢Ľ
Ȼһ⼦ľôˣ
ҲǸµģ⼦㣬ס
ŵĿԼҽ㣬㣬ңֻӹȥ֪⼦ˡҪĲˣô찡


17 թ

ũǸһĴڰô˵˼϶Ҫ⳥ġ
Ȼֱ̾׬ǮˣҲ̫£Աܴȵİοá
û£ˣ۵ǰֻˣƻʳȥҲǻǮֻ˵ļҲļˡ
չȥǼķ˸۶ƨˡò˵õ֣ȷʵġ
ʱԶһ˺
Ǹ˵ʱȻ³
⼦ôҪģǸھӵأ
ڽҼ
ֻѵļ˽һֱֻÿµĵ˽Ǯŵġ
Ͼũûзּҵ˼˵˽ιһֻ˽ҲҲڷЩͿ๦߲ŻȨϾΪԼСӡǳһ㣬ԼŲ˽ιġ
ԴȥѼҷԺġ
ΪԺӿԳõķ֪ûã˳ȻһѾͷš
ũĲ˵ǲģļֲôµ
ΪˣڳȻһ˰Դ˼ķƻΪ˶ֹ
ԭԴǸխĸˣֿ°ĳȻƯϲˡԼǰĵһ죬ʵ˺üۡ
Ϊε¶ԴѳȻǵˡ
ÿοǽöģǾǻѵĺ꾫Ͷ̥תġ
ÿοǽԴкɫ
¬ֲˣһ·ѰѰ˳ȻԺúõɫȻԴֻǲˡ
ԭǲҺ꾫򽻵ģҲ˽⣬Լҵ¬Ժܡ
ǰ˼ԺһȦҼˣкҲľ˼Ժ洳ò˵ˣҲǼƷûòˡ
ȻԴ˺ڣʧִ˼ҵļ¶ԡһ׼˵¶
ҵĻ֪ûڣ㿴ڵϵļһС
ȻסһĺųԺӣȭͷȻ
ȻɲվǶɵɵıһÿøȭͷ
ˣɽ꾫ɱҵ¬ʼҲΪ
ǳ˵ļţٶͿ˳۵ŮˡǺ⣬ͻϵ
ȻǰҲûѧɶţĹģҪ㣬治ܻˡϾĿͷǹڸɻ壬ɲмܵסġ
һʱ䣬˾Ժ׷Ҹϡ
Ҵ򲻹㣬ܶĿɡ
ȻȦӡ
СľһɵɵĿţһʱ䣬˵ģҲ֪ķӦǺСüȻԲ˿ŷӦϽ˷ȥ
һøֲ˺ãҪãɴ򲻹Ůء
һҲ׷ˣǿ׳켸Ȧ۵ĴϢͣ
޺޵صųȻˣ¬
ڿļˣĳȻ൱ĲáüĨ˰ѺˮĵͷǣļӦ⳥գճȻλU鷳ȻѾͷֱӽ֡
㳤һǺ꾫仯ġޣˣ꾫
ԼѳȻɫ䣬͵ɪĸˡ
ɧ桭ûûɧ֣һӻػѡ
治øôô
ȻҲƲסץϵһԴȥ
žա
һɳζ͵ζһǺԴĨȥϵǶ࣬ϻճճɫǳ˶ĵζ
Ż
Ȼͷһ˼ͷ
ģСýץץҲ̫˰ɡ
һץʯͷøļŸ
ץһץһѹʺ
ģǹζĺó
ȻϽһȥϴ֡
ϴ˲飬ζòɢҲ֪ļҵҰȻѰͰôĳ
ٴ˼̧ͷøǶµķ츲ء
һȻڿŻִ˸ߵָˣҼ
ԼùʺķϣȻȻĳνǵͷӻͳһͭˣȡ¶ٸͭǮ
ġ
ݵͭǮ෴ģȴǳǰ˰ͭӶ۾ϵתš
һֻгֵ˵ҲǶҵļ۸
ԳȻ۸񣬻Ĳġ
ޣٸǮ¬ŸŪߣʲôٸǮҲûУ
ŭҲ˲ϵĳζͲˣᡣ
Ȼ֪Ů˻ᳶƤЦһǮȡʮͭӶ
ʮͭӶòҪֻȥгظ죬ҲöҵͭӶ⼦ʧִˣ⳥ӦõģٶˣǿɾûС
ǮҲģƽ޹ʵĶ˼ʮֶ۰
СһʮǮͰָһһʮ
ʮͭӶϣһϿˮʮ롣ʮٸϰ㣿
šžһٰʮɡʲô
㣬úݰһٰʮϣǿöıǮǮʧ󰡡ǶʮǮ¶Ǻüӵ¶СԵúΡã˼ҵĶȷʵҪ⳥ġˣ۽а취ġ
⡣
ֻһһһܶһͭӶ⼦¹µĵͻᣬ¸ʮĵǾԵĲġһһһ¾͵ʮһʮ죬͵жٵĵҾͼ򵥵ʮˡʮ꣬Ǿ͵ǧٸǮǾ͵ǧٸͭӶˣǮɡ
ҸͷǮҪǮȥɡ˽ȻֱӾ˦Ůһʺѡ
㷨ߵȥҲûޣ壬ҪҪԸҪȥҵңҲ˵Ĺȥ˵ˣԼļãҪҼԭʧߡ
˵Ȼٶ˦ָʺϧǹʺҲûˣֻʣһճϡ͡
ͷϵĳȻҲܱôģһѹʺûͷûԵȥ
ŮϺ˲ٵĹʺôһԭǿ׳ȴԼԷΪϵġ
ļˣסӵĿ޺


18 峤

ȡ
ʱ洫һĿ
ȻĶݵĺܣֻǴһ£ѸپͰӵٵӭļλ
ԭǷɩӺʹվءզôʵˣ
ȻǾ޺
ͷɩӿԼɶ
Ϊë󿴼˰쵴ϻһɩӣǿ´½һġ
ȻڲϣһйķӦȫΪԼղű뺷Ϊ¡
ȡٶȿһŴ˹ǻԶԶľ£ɶɶء
ǷɩĵسָϽɫҽдԷԶԶľǼڵĻšⲻǷҲûԣϽզ¶˵ôǷʱ㲻䷹԰ɡ
ɩֺءϣƽʱΪΪСġ
ңûµľͰռˡģҵﰡصģͻкͳͷʹز
кüأǳݣʵȴҵˡΪЩСëƤ¶ɩûٺﳶƤ
ֻⲻǣһֱȻСĳȻԵġ
һҵӴɩӿ൱Ľġ
ɩҲΪȻҪ֪¶Ҳˡȣ̹
尡ɵΪءһˣ翴˾һ㡣޺űǰˡ
һĳǰһ˵˴ı
ɰǺŶ
ëģ˭ҵĹҲ֪Եɶûȥأ
ˣˣлú˵ûҪ˵ӡ
վסҭŰ龭˵
Ҽҵļұˣ˵ǮŮֻҶ壬ۣңأղҲ˵ġ˭ϣҲǿ˵İɡǣǿɵΪأԺûء
ϣ˵˵žһҪҪ
ӣдΪֹǰˡ
ҪڣɩȴͻȻ۾һֱӾͲףҿʲôˣҿɶˣֻԵϣһĹʺˡ
ɵۡ벻ⷽϣȻĸѰ
ǵ棡
ȻˣҵģǸء
ɩԼѲҪŴ˵ٻ
˭Ҳǿ˵ԼԵڵϵġҿƣҪȻӵġѽι˵ϰôҲǸ㣬ôҲ˼ĳȻɡôߣȴҪСΪ飬ǴǾҪžѽǸĴ㲻ַܿĶԲԣ
ϣһ찡ڵĳϲԣȻҪΪء
̫ˣԵѲ˵ĺмصİ
Ǵɫһ£ſһһʧϡ˵ϣҵļܵ˼ԭʧġλĳȻҲǸͨ˼ңԶɼ۸ʮͭӵļ۸⳥㣬㻹ҪôţϽǮȥٸڣȥ
ô˵Ҳһ֮˵ˡϾôòƽίҲֻڸɺ˶󣬱Ѹǿиקȥˡ
һ˳ļ⣬þð֮ܵҲ͵˲١
Сһļ⣬ĺߺţ㣬ھãʮǮҲʲôˡǮԺǮˣ򼦳ԡҪ⼦ȡ
ҿżڿУһȫգȻҡͷѾͷôûòΪᱻ˼ҳЦġ
С죬ѾͷԺ󲻺żҵġ
ȻĿһ̧ͣͷźٺɵЦãӴҼѾͷ֪Ҫżҵ¶ء飬ҲӦΪҸ˼ˣ
Ҫ˵СҲвʮһˡ˼ңкöеʱļǶ˵ġǼңԲůģĻôľ˼Ұ
զȻС⻰ȻžŮˣƺѼˡżңҪ¶
ҲҪˣ˲áˣͲԺͽһһϲһίĴͷһ־ġ
û˵ҪżأоúõģҲһŶŵģȻϽȰ
СƺǺܾ壬ץסȻ֣㣬ҲҪˡЩĺõģǼ˹һҲáҲҪްֻһ𡣡
СÿҲĵͷԣ㣬ҲҪˡֻһĽڣҾ;òõġ
Ȼǰ˫ģſ۾Է
СӣСС͵ģͲļ¶
ų꣬ɩӾˡγԼȻиڵķɩӶȥһ롣
ԭũгԺóԵģֻҪദ໥ͳһϰߡ¶ǷɩӰæ˵ģ飬ȻǺܻġ
ѽӰҪ˵̫ˡûĹǼҶҳ˺üغòء˭ҲףԺô
ɩӣͱº˵Щ׻ˡҼҲãܳôడãһԣһ뼦ɶϡġɩأ¶Ƕء
ȻȵĽŷɩӵקСһ극Թʰȥˡ
ɩӺ졣
˵ʵȷʵ϶ʰ˵ġҿ޵Ǵô꣬ûԹġ˵㰡ӣ¶ɣѵˣˬˬˡԹѽɾǽˡ
Ҳ˵ϵĻľһʡĵ¶Ҫ¶һˣһĲˣֻԺᶯ޾鷳ġ
^ǲŰģȻ֮ǰĹϵšҲܲס˼ԶԺ󰡣עŵ¾ʹء
ЩѵĻȻ˽ȥ
Ҳ£ôַȥô˵Ǵ˴ǽġõģ㻹ǺʹҸùϵҪԺЩʲô֮ģЩʤء
ɩӣˣӺ÷СѲֵҶҪֵôҲ׵顣ллɩ˵ô࣬¶Ҷء
ǷɩӼҲæĺܣ˵˻ѵĻϽȥ
ߺСÿͰ͵ߵǰ㣬ǸҪҶôҧҲҧˡ߸۸ǣҲ¡
Ȼ۵ľˣһ£ţۼʱѧĲ֪۸ˣûãͳһ䣬ϵ־Ͷϼ
Ȼ˵Ů޲žǵ£ȻȴãԼ̻ܽѾͷʶ֣õġϵʱʱ䣬æµ֮࣬ٽʶ֡
ĢЩ֣һУһ߾ͽСһôд


19 ȫѧʶ

ɳ̷ǶСֱȫסˣŽһ֡
ӣȻæµĺܣҲʵĺܡ
ڶ켸˵µʱȥɹҪõĲϡȻ͹ʳ
컹һʱıϣٹһʱ䣬ֶû취
ȻѾͷܾ㻹뷨ġ۾һת;Կһ취ڼ䣬ʿʼȤ
ȻĵʾԶ׿ʶ㻹¶أҾ뷨죬ٹһʱ䣬͵ôʱ취±г
æŽĢһļƻͲ廰±ǹԼþ״ɱӾͳˡǶܳԶˣٳԣҲͦġء
Ȼ⣬ԭûԹԼ±ǴʿεӣϽ͡
þף¹죬ٷŵ졣˺󵹳ľȫ빤ã϶ۣгһһıԳˡ
ðɣִΣ벻ԭʼġ
¿ȻεȴǷĺܡ
⺢Ӱ˵ҲʵĿôȻôҲ֪ף԰ﵱڼʱҲгԹ
Ȼŵģɲ˵Լǻ괩˰±һЦѽʱ䲻ˣˡһᣬϾûб±֮ôÿ俾ģ棬ǰ˸ָڶ֮ġ⣬ҲģнΣԼˮţ֮ġ±ĳԷֻ벻ģûġʱкöණȷʵû취
ĳԷӴҿ۽ء˵ȻѾͷôĻǸѧأ
Ȼһһʱڿ죬ȻҪһЩʵ֮ǰҲôΪԼҽڣԵ±ٺٵһЦ
һУʶְʲôģȫǸ˽̵ġвٵ飬ѧֺ󣬱ʵŮҶʶĶֵء
µȻ֪˵ġ˭ֻǣᵽܰ±ڴǵѶ
ЦӯӯĳȻֻôõŮңôͱȥͨء
һߵĴʣȴʱĺߺ߳Щӣ֪ӹţߣûһǺö
ӴоŨ
ȻֻǺٺٵЦ˵˼ܰĲ竰Լʱ汳һ°ˡ
Զ̵ܰĪľ;ñĺܡ
үܳɹӹ̣ԺܴչȭѽС˺ʦүһЦݵ˵δ¶
ܰȴֻģ֣́Ȼǳֵģ֮ǰ̱߰ģвǵ׽бķˡ
ʦүǿͨ͸ǰүЩ¶Ҫδү̹̫ܵˡŭ⼸ˣЩҲ䲻ﰡΪûܹûûʶϧһעҪʧˡ
ǿɲۼүǰָ˲ٵ⡣Ǽ̣үҪֵ֣顣Сӹ
Լүûټ⣬Ҳ͹ԹԵر졣
Ҫ˵ܼһεĹ˴Ѫ˵ǲӦֵܰóĶϵġ
ǼһֱҪģ˭Ҳûõô̫̫飬ܰ֡
ǼҲ֪Լ̲ʵȨзˮĺùݣǵܰûгȥܹ
ǲүӵĻģ洳һҵȻ䲻˺ô
ǵܰȥܼҵ̣޷ǾƸһ߼һġ
ûгɼҽھͰˡЧܼҵĲҵҲǸ߼򹤵ġ
ò˵ܼҼƵȷʵǲģϧǲ֪ǣǰЩ꣬ܰĵ洴ҵЩʦѧա
ʱϣǰŵļյġ
үϷ˵˼ǵΪһˡǼˣҲʼ˵ʼԼԶףǲóı֮ˣҪү㡣
֮ʱʦү뵽Ҫ顣
ԭݵܰЩɫһߡ
СֻԼȫһӾͿˡ
Щܸ꣬ҪΪү׵ˣ
ķˣүڣΪһס
ǰֹ̫̫ţڣ̫̫ѸߣҲΪܰһźʵ¡ϧĿǰΪֹ˭Ȱ˵ܰԸŮӡ
ҪҲʮʱźͳȻů¼
Դů¼ܸ˵ͷˣֿʼš
̫̫ĵΪԼҸ׵Ůӣ⼸ŷˮ
ôţܰҲܸˡǵ֮ģҲв١
ֻҪ㶨ָóŮҸʱƿóܡֿ˼ң뷨ǧٹ֡ǲϲˣЩϣֻϣҲĺǹСеı󣬾ͼЩɶҲǲġ
ôˣ
ү˭СһʱûӦĹܰ˵ġ˭ʳСӲź֪ķӦϽ㱨
Ŷ˵ǸůѾͷ˵ˡٺڳε˶죬ں˰ŵһаŽĵطү㲻ǣ
һߵʦүС岻ϵҡͷСӣүһͣôôʡ¶أү˼˵ȷҪȥʣⴿºòá
ȻܰЦЦĳһۣʦүҿһλȥбҪΪСһ£˵СڶŮҲĺܣӦǽ׵ʱˡ
ĩˣЦЦĳźС壬ҼǵãСһֱиСͶµסǸţȻ˵˵㣬ֻҪ˺ãҲǲġ
һᣬСˡ
ү֪˼ʹˡҰУˣǷ椣ҿž͸廨һģʰСʱ˵Ļģⳤˣôܷʳأ
ܰĴԶǸˣڿɺã
һ뵽ࡣ
ʦүһ̵ֱָ˼Ҳ˽⡣
ɫ±̾һүѾͷҪȢֻѶȲС
٣̫̫һؾͲùҪ뷿ﵱһůѾͷ̺ţ̫̫ǿܽܡýȢ£һؾͲù
̫̫ʦү˭˽⡣
ܰϵЦȴͷĿʦ֣صĵͷԣ֪ȢżѡֻǣҴӦҪȢģˡһŵԣ׵İݣ˵ˡĿǰΪֹҾáѾͷȤĽ
ʦүһ˵ѾͷɫԴżֵ飬Եľǳصж


20 үү

үҾͺˣôô̵ʱھͰһͨѾͷأ⻰ʦүʵðʧֻʵɻ󲻽⡣Ҫ˵үҪһɫŮӣķϰ壬Լ÷ϰ壬ǿɶǳɫ˰ң֪ģЩŮˣǺġֻҪүһЩŮ˻ϸϰǰ
ʦүЩ£ЩˣֻһоܰڳĬһºֲʵΪֹҲҶʲôĸ顣ֻ֪ϲһһ˫Ӳͬ۾
ܰ۾΢УǸ˶ӡ̵ģĪ˫۵۾
˫۶ۣȴ͸ӣŵĮڱĵȻ£ֲŶһе졭һӵģ͸ŮˣҲǡһҪӽҪ˽ĸŮˣ
үˣʲôʦүҶ֧ġһ꣬үһ֣ҼͶˡҺҼ˵үµģҲүġϲŮˣҲȡ֡Ҫģôǿôƿܼҡ
ҪƿܼңҪģҪƿܼҵĲȨȨ
ܰȻЦˣʦүЩһޡ
һΣʦү˼ˣѹ֣صŮӣͨˣ뵽һ㣬ð
СмתǿˣүǸůѾͷĵġ
ðɣҲ㣬һˣһҪɸϸģ¶ȥ
һŮȥֵطС壬ȥŽչһЩ֮ģү׼ԺȥǱ߶ȼȥ
СһϽӦ¡
УɼȥǱ߹ׯ԰
˵֣ܰҧĺصġ⻰Сʡء
۵ֺү㲻ôҧֶ֪ģ˵ҶѾͷһ¡ٺ٣ʡõģʡõءۼүǶ֩ˡ
ܰһĺߣʦүˣҲЦˡүûʲôѣҲǵµΪıһС
Լү̫࣬кܶ飬ȫ˵һȥο˵һ𡣵С壬Ҳүһġ
ͺҲģദķʽӦеġ˵үС֮䣬ͣȴǱܼЩ׸ǻҪദĺá
ȲѲó֣롭ѾͷܷչԶܰķԸ̧֣ʾС뿪ˡ
ȵֻʣʦүʱٶȿʼʡ
үҿЩ̣Ϳ˵ģҪٷչǻѪЩʸϵģֻҲúЩѽҪЩԶǡ
Ҳһһ͵ܼҵ̣Ȼһ˴ʱæµ⡣
СһʱʱܿҪˡ
һȻѵõİѹյ˵㣬͹һ֣Ҳг
ִǹŴҪ֮ǰһ϶ǿг
ٿҪ۵Ļ壬ҪȺЩЩǲһһĿǽȥɲһɵġϾûͶ¶ײ飬Ϊ̫٣Բű˽ֵ
Ȼ̤ʵ椣ЩΣϵڱ֮Ρģһ߳ԼգԼ硣
Ѿڰڷ̯λ±֮ģֻȫǴһţпۡ
Ҩʮͭӵ±Ȼҧų¯ıӣ㻹ͦġǺִľ±ȣȷʵǲ̫ࡣ
ȥҲͿмֱȽϴֲڵ±
гһСһСģϺ˲ٵ֥٣ֽŵġ
װ±һ㶼Ǯ˼Ҳġ˵Ҳֻڵʱۡǰˣ˻ỵġ
ҲǰеȰûбʼһ˵ģģǾڼڳꡣ
ȻԼ±ƣȷʵǿʵʩġ
һͦģ±Ҫô
ִ±ģٰͣģͣããٰϸָں󣬷ģ
Ҳ֪ʱĹܲܰԼҪЩģߡ
¯ӣ±Ҫһ㣬ÿ¯
棬ʲôģЩø㶨¯߾еΪˡ
һµͽˡ
¯ߣаզû¯ߣֶֻòϵļӻ𣬻ҲðպãԺöû׼¯ߣǵҲûֶҪҾôȥʱٶ㼸¯߻ͳɡ
ţȽһ̨¯ðɣҵ֣Գһ£УٴҪģȥһЩڶ֮ġ±ɲǵһһ̺𣬻ܳԳˮбζ
˵ȻѾͷ㶮ĿడүҲǣȻô飬ܼүǲѧء
Ȼٺٵ֣ĸ糣ЩɲܼүĶЩȻѾͷϮִ֪ʶģ˼ǧʳĻôҲʱ˷չĺðɡ
˵ҲǸʶͻ۵⡣ҪԽʿôĳ
һɴʴСĢ󣬳Ȼ͹ĵЩ±
ģڳȻҪɳȥ˺üģߡ
¯ߣҲˣ°ˣȥ𣬾ͿѸɫıãģȥӡٷŵ¯ȥ
һ¯ŵζ󣬳Ȼٿ˼Ӳų¯ġ
¯˲䣬ζ˱ǰȻģе㿾ˡ
һʱ䣬Ҫ±϶ĳɹȻЩź
ͿƲסһ±ͳ
ԵõڱģζʵժĺԺõ廨Щ֭ڻ档û취ﲻִִһĸֻѧӹɫء
طֻȡ崿Ȼ
ζζҵ찡һӣҹҾûԹóԵĶ
ֻһڣ±޲ڡ
ҲһʱҲˣ±õҧ˶ڡ
ֵȻ˲˵ֻļȻĴָ
ããζĺáҾɫ̫˵㡣
±Ȼɫƣ˵ɫ̫ڼ˵㡣
ԣ˵ˣɫȷʵǵ˵㣬ǻøĽ
ŵζļСӣһһ
һȫ˲˵Сģ̵ľͰ±Թˡ
ȻҲֻǼ򵥵ĳһ£ζˣǺִȣڸлǲЩϾЩֻԼġ
ЧҾݡ
˵žֿʼ
֪˶¯Ȼڳһ¯ƲõĿζ±˹
¿ǰ⾫ϸ±ЩͲ¶صɵۡЩȫǳȻһġ


21 ±

ЩĿͨӡ
ĿͨġȻֻļʣ±ȴԵøӵоǸһ
ɫҲܺÿϣȻѾͷ⻹±ͷ趼ءҪңҿ϶᲻óԵģЧ̫ˡ
ȻǺǵ֣һģһ±ͳ
һΣţζġЩţڶ棬濾Ľƴ֡
ҲľϸȻִ±ҲˡôĹŴٰպÿĻǷ˲ٵĲϲġ
ȻѾͷһε±϶˵ѾͷΣҾͲ˼ٺˡɣҲ˵ɶ±͸ۣ׬мͳɡ
Ͳ±˾ǳȻŹ
סЦУ󲮣㲻ռұˣҲŹϹذɣϣǴ۳ƽ֡
УƽֵġЩȫģҲһġҳϣԣֻҪɵ롣ģ⼸ѾͷļױǮ
ܾϽҲ廰һۣѾͷɵǺռˡǳ˵ϣٸ׬ôЩ׬ѾǺܲˡ
ȻĬĬļһ£Լǰ±ۣӪֶȫó߸߶˴·ߣЩ±Ĳ׬
Ź·Ӳˣ׬ֻ̫࣬ܵġͷӦ߷ֳɵĿͷЭ顣
Ϊʱ򣬳Ȼаÿһôʱô¼
ҪٿţǾֻҪٸͺá
ȻѾͷͿʼȥһٽۣʱ˦ֽŵ±
һٽֻģŽȻҲܴΪ̵ͨԭ൱Ķࡣô˵Ҳֻһ򰡣һٽۣܰٵ±
Щ㶣תĿ죬ֶŮôһʣĿ˼ǻҪ淢չɣ
ȻһЦ԰Ҫۣ棬Ϊʲôͬĳۣڻкüء⣬ǹڵʱһѡںǻİ취ȥ⡣һأҪһƱġõģһΰҪũǮ׬ٹһЩءũ룬ʵְ
ã⸽кüҪȥĵطȻѡͨǡܴϻͨǵܼҵ̣ǾǷѽ
²ܼңȴļ˷Ӧҡ
ܼˡǵһԵġ
ȻɻĿŴʣ;Сӣƺܼҵˣ൱Ĳð
Ѳɣܼҵˣ˺
ɻţʺܲ˼ͷҾǾòӦܼҵ⡣ǻͨȻܼҵµĵطҲһ¢ϵĵء̫ǣƣǱ߳۸±ҲǼǣˣԺܡôչ
İɣ˵ĺǣǿ
Ҳû޳ɣһ۳Ȼֿ̾һˣǡӣٺܼҵ˳һɡȻѾͷò״ֵطٺܼҳϹϵҾԺ˵
ȻҡͷҾ̫ˡ⣬ȥܼҵɽ˵ɱġ˵ѽ⣬˵ܴЩ̼Ҵ׬һءˣ¶ۻȥ˳˵ɡҪģһƷȥ߷гҪȷ±ˣٻؼһǣȥж󰡣
һЦȻѾͷֻڳۡһãǴٵȥ۰
ڵĳй滮ֵġУǣУ߼ģȻǻʵ۾סĳΪһ
ǽˣǾͰϵľȥȻˬʵĳδ
˶ֺţδϣֻǣȻ뵽Լ˵һչƻδĻʵ֡
磬Ȼ־Ŀһ±ΪûаװУЩϸ±ֻܱڷھı֯С档
ٸϼźҶҶӣŵҲ̫Ρ
벻ȻѾͷڻкܲ۰±ôһڣҶһǣž;úÿࡣоǵǮ˼ҲܳԵŵĶ¾ֺǺǵվһ߶Ū
ĽǺڵġ
дֻԸⷢ񡣺ˣʱȥЩ̣͵ôϰȥװķʽõĺãʱǼҵСӿɾʹء
ЩʵӣҶӱ֯ġСɣֺÿɫ޵ʱ򣬰Ŷо͸һ
ȻСӵĹգǳȻ뵽ڳǰ˼¡ֺǱ֯˼˵ˣôһЩµƷһСӡ
ǣҾ˵ȻѾͷСǸи˵˲Һۼҵһһʢ
ҲٺٵЦǿɲСʱͰȻѾͷţҪԥڿ϶˰ɣ
⻰Ȼ⣬ʲôʱԼᱻ±ˣ
¿ӣ̾һ⻹СʱʱҲպ㡣֪һʱҲ֪ôľͳԻˣϡʱۿžͿûˣҲԸ໨ǮΪС
˵ˣҲֻĸһ㡣
ʵǾ˵㣬ҲɵѽȻѾͷҲϣ̫ǡ˰죬»˵Լﻰ
ܾãµĸĸвԼŮġֻûʶա
ֻ֪ǣԹԹе±¡Т˳ĸŮӦ飬Т˳ҲÿĸֵТ˳ΪĸʣҺοҪϸȥֺðͽңȴûӦõİǲǷҡңҲӦҪծġɣҾͦõġ
һߵĴʣЩأϽ
ȻѾͷҿ⻰ͦáһܳȥҲȥɣҲһѧһôЩʣǳȻϵġ
ϺѧҲܻӪʵﻹдʣǽ졣
ΪȻÿӼ⣬ʶġ
ȥȻͷСС꣬ţŷÿľͺˡ
ԡ԰ҲȥﳤʶÿȥǵȥġңҲһȥ
ʵʳȻͷҲ󣬵ǿġǴС͸ž̵ԵʣСӵйõĻ龢
ÿοȻʱͻЩͣҲ졣
һ㣬ȻܾͦġʵҲ˼Ҫλѧıȥѧϰһ£ĳԶ˵󲮼ҵ⣬϶ķչ


22 

󲮼ʺϾ̵ˣȴ㡣ܰȶԴ󲮼ҵķչǸܲ
һ㣬ȻѾͷҿȥʹ˵һŶȻЦʵʱһأΪԵʣȻܾеԼĵܵܡ
ۣȻѾͷʱˡŤͷһǺӡɰһߵĹºͳֵĲС
һѶˣ±úüˣҲЦͣ
ӦȥɣļˣͺͰ͵ĿųϣӦԼʡ˳Ȼ׽Ū
Լȵ񣬿һȻΪݵľջ˾٣ȣ裬˸оȻѾͷǰֻ֪ȵˮʲôģҲûҪʱɲɵҰˮȡں⣬۾ˣⶫ˵ģĿȥء
ʿԼĵ˦ˣӴָϽЦܵµǰﰡһ˰ɣҰ󡣴ڵպء
̵ҲܾδΪԼü򡣹°ӵʱ򣬾²ֻҪ˵㣬۵ġ
ʼТ˳ֵģΪáʴʮ󣬾ͲôΪˡǼСģʱʱŸ
Ŵ˵µȻƿˡ
ﰡôӰĦûн
úã
ٺ٣ﰡ㿴ӶТ˳ǰȥ泤ʶǲǺ¶
ǣǺأţ߶һ㣬Զӣ治
ãöӽˣ⵱ǲҲйأ
ȻˣҰͲǼҳء
ٺ٣԰˵ȥô
²֨ˣιӰôãզܾʹ˷Ź㰡
вУôҲһɿڰ

СǸģһôʣֺǵܹȥĺʹҧ䡣磬Ҹ㣬ҵĻء
ʵһһ۲ԶںԼ˵ĳȻһۣٴյǰǡ˵˵ûһǸԡ
һֹϽһĴֱʣ͵һ㡣
ͳǰ磬ҿһܲżٹֻǣǸżе󣬰һֱûҪء
ΪܰԼ˵ûĴ˵ʲôǶǺõġͲûظ֤ˡѾͷ˵ɣһܰæɳԸġ
лл磬չˣҪٸͭӶٺ٣Ǯɡ
ʵ˳飬Ц绨椣ֻҨٸͭӶ
СһǮ֣˫۾ЦϸϸģСҲ¶׵ҫۡ
лл磬һ˵ûġģȥ˵ûȥټæҽ϶ӦġΪǽˡҽ㣬ҲǸľż
СһܰĦĹµĶ˳顣ҪڴԼĦﲻסҪЦСѾͷǰ治֪˵Ĺġ
Ĺ򣬱㿴ϷŪʵġ
ƫƫԼҴʻɵһģǰĻ龢Ҳ֪طȥˡòƣֻҪմȻѾͷ¶ͻʧ˷ִ簡
УﻹжٸͭӶҲһ
Զãһ⣬ľͺˡһСãСãԼҪթҪɻ¶Ȼ汳ߺߣȥһҪúõĽѵһ١
İٸͭӶȦ棬СһЦͻĴġ
һĳʵллл磬лл磬һúõİæ˵Ŷ
СѾͷǮ¶Ǯ׵պú󣬱ٵıȻǰŰƴСһЦݵĿųȻҲڡ
ȻҲЦСеĿԼСã뿴һ˵ʲôĻԼºͳȫ͵ϷˣһҪֹ˼Ҳޡ
൱ĸ̾ģǰֻ⣬ôŮǽںͳȻ⼸úϻ֣Сദʵͦã
㣬ƯĴ۾Ĵ˳Ȼȴû˵Ļ³һ˸ӴŵĻ
ҲƯŶСôһ佱Ȼ۲˼ˡͲԺһôôˣô˼ҡ
㣬Сɣ磬СۣƤѩף۾üë䡭
Ŀ鷢ˣССƨһ죬ɵľ³һѵʡȻĵľ޺һѣ찡Щȫʱÿս̵Сӵء
ÿѧһʱӾͻʲô˼ǵ佱˵Ļһѧٻ⣬աһĴʱԼڽһ
˵ʲô˶ûǶһŮӣҪһ¶ȲҪ˵˵ĻһͨĻ˵ȥ
ڵ˸˵ʱٺҪ󡣵Ȼÿ˼ⲻ˼ҵɫã¶þͲҪˡҪῴɫҲû¶
ðɣǲӦôֱӵĽ̵Щ֮飬ɣСͻõϡȣӦÿ佱С˴ӦԼܽЩΪ˴£
Сžһͨ䣬ȴֻ㼸תתɫһʱ䣬Щˡᣬ˵Ļɡأñӽ㣬һ̵ΪʲôϣͲ
ΨдʣСõĿ佱ʵİһѡɣİٸͭӶôĹ򣬾ͰСһ߶ΪΪԼ˵˶ĺû
㣬Ǹ˼˰Ҽ̾ľɰĴ˽㣬Ư㣬ҿһССҪ𣿡
ȻȵСãֱˡ
һۣˣͬȥѾͷҪ佱ˣôֱӵģҪ㲻ǽҪ𣿲ղ˵Ļǲģ
Сһʣ͸Ͻͷ棬ĺܰڵֻнλáһߵ͹µԹԼСþˡ
һЦ͵ĳȻĸ糣㣬˵ԣȷʵҪ˵һûġ㿴ǽ̵ʦҲǺܰûΡҺΪ㣬˸ٹ
һתָϽȣȻôһλáСָһȻôСָ״һλüСáǺԲˣðɣȻλòĶ࣬ôţҲõλ
Сٿһ۰ͰͿԼĹ·ǴʣʱҲСʳһԼĺݺݵس顢ˣ̫ܳ裬ġɣ
Ȼ磬󲮣õҲôһλõΡһΣСָ˵㡣Ǻԭʧļˣ˲ٶԲ


23 ѧһ

Ц˿ѧһаԺ˵ĻʱһҪ˵̫ˣҪԼЮΣ
Ϊʮ͹˽гҲó硣ڵһЩ±󣬵ڶһģȻͳƷȥ
Ҫȥ
Ϊ˽ʡ·̣һ˾֪·ѹҲûʡǵǮ
ʱҲءˣε̸ĺãͻҲǸⰡ
·ϣȻûп֮ѽ
ͻҪô죿
һòģֻҪ̸ˣǿͻЩ澭̣Ҳµ˽Щͻ¶רŵĽ̸ˣ̸ºٰҪ͵Ļɵطȥ˵ȻǸֲĸӵ˿ģСǻһҲԤʱڵʧˣҲһ⳥֮ġȻҪļ⳥ã͵üǮ
ȻˣͻģʽִĿԡ˭˵˲ģ㿴Ĺ˾ͺܴġ˼ûгӴ󲮵ĻﻰⲻĹҲݺܲʵˡ
ִ˵ڰҲһʱȻڰͽŰˡ
ƿЩˣٸӦĵԼĻҪ̶ٽѡԵ߻ת˵ˣִᣬ϶ǿݹ˾ı氡
ﻹĽ˺ö˵鷳أ󲮣ֻȫضе𣿡
ǣİɡ˵ҲһſʼģǸʲô󵱼ҵӡ˿˵ⲻмȺõģҪǴ󵱼ﰡ
󵱼ң֣źϤѽȻü˼ֵءֻһʱ벻
һߵĴʣһ󵱼Ҿͼˡ
󵱼ңȻѾͷǰһ˵󵱼ҵֿһҲׯôҪ˵󵱼ҰһĺܡڴǰɣԴ󵱼ֳֵĵһҳʳֻ꣬һЩ򵥵ģֺܺóԵĵġأ󵱼ҵֿ˴͵ĿջвׯԼӣڶɣ󵱼ңǲǰ漰ºȫ㿴һҶ״ıǵģԾǴ󵱼ҵĵӡ
ʱһһҶǵĵ̣һָҲǴ󵱼µĲˮӡҪ˵󵱼ҵĵ̶ôˣ˼һ·߿һҲˮӣҲ֪ӣжٵ밡⿴ţҲ̫ȥȲ˵ˣСֻ̣Ǹ·ȥһ㰡
ûֻ֨ЦСеĿųȻȻѾͷô󵱼ҵ·߿һġ׬ǮĲˮ̯ӡ
ʱĳȻڿö۵Ҷʱ˶𾪵С
ƬҶƺûǴǸ˵Ȳ࡭
Ȼ롣һ̫˼ˣֻɺϰաϾܰôɫҲʮ갡ʮˣôǰͿʼһƬĵ̡
ֻһˣһˣһͨĲͨĲű˲õˣ
һУţԲǸô
ֻǣȴе㷢飬ܾǸ˻ô
ȻѾͷȻһֱɵɵ㶵ĲԼֽһ
󲮣ɶ£꣬ȻųεЦ
ûʲôر飬Ҿ㣬Ϊʲô󵱼ҵĻ·߿һЩ׬Ǯĵ̡ǸղſĲˮ֮ġ
Ȼ˼һ£űص˵ԼԤ⡣
Ҿðɣһ̼ңһ׬ǮӡʱҲÿһЩҪǮҲǵÿŵĵ̲ɡ磬Ǹղſ·̯ӣ·߲ˮӣԴ󵱼ĹģȫûҪС·߲ˮ̯ġ
Ǵڣһζġ˵λ󵱼ҵ۹⻹мʶ൱׿
ֵ̣Ϊ׬ǮǡԼİһҪĴڡʱ̻ʲôģʹ·߲ˮܴ̾ңϢͨʱֻ߲£ܷչĸԶ
·߲ˮ̯ӣʵҪĹܣǴϢռмֵ鱨˵Ҳǵ߰ڣ
ˣĿųȻû֨ǴʣŻȻ򣬡ŶԭĹܰһ˵أССĲˮӣȻҲǴ󵱼ҵġе㲻ءְ죬󵱼ҵĿôеʵҲڼӵĲߡ
Ȼףϧľ͸˴һ佱
ԣôһֽˡˣҪľϢڵϢ죬ƿصһϢϣζƿµĲƸԴ
Ҳò󵱼ҵĺ̨ĺ۹Ⱑ˼ǵģҲܵڴķչŵͬʱҲΪԼĳò׵ÿһ̼ңߵĺԶ
ԤĲٸ󵱼Ҽķչǵ⣬϶ǣȫߡԶĵطȥȻÿλ󵱼ҵûЩ׳־
⻰һ䣬ʱʹʶŴͲ֨ˡ
ֻһСС̵˼ңʱ˼ǵ˵ܵ
ڸ˰ų̾һźĿųȻȻѾͷҲò˵㡭ϧǸŮжĴĻ̳֮ϣҲܻ󵱼ҵһˮ
ȻҡͷûϿɳĻ
󲮣˵ˡҪ󵱼ĸиҵĲһŵ⣬ⲻһССİտġ
⣬ǹƾдͷԣ۹Ϳǿġ
ҲȴֻһС̷չ࣬Ҳܰ࿪ҵ̡ٲֵҵȥ˼ԭͱʳջʳãЩͬлôңЩ̼ҵı󣬶һɽİɣʴ󲮣ŹΪ㣬㻹̣ܿ
һڵѳʵɫס
ԭżһЩ뷨ҲΪȻ⻰
ȻѾͷԽǺӴ̸ԽãǸŮң̫ϧѽʱƣʣҪȻѾͷѧŵ㰡һҲ硣ȻѾͷ˵ˡⲻֻҪͷԣ۹ǿġ
Ҫģһɽûɽһ鷢ֻı˭ҡЩ꣬Ҳкѷչ̫졣ֲ嵽ҵȴĪļ켫ҡֻǻǳ˴ǡ
û˵ȥȻȴףһʵۺˣҪٵǿѰ·
ǹŽκεҵһĻߡ
иҵĴǣ׵ȥǵĵ⡣
Ժܴ󵱼ҵˣԽá
ˣʸϽӻΪλ󵱼ܰиҵֻ˵ڸֵ϶ܻĿġȷʵǣ֮ãǶǵİ治ٰϧôһ󵱼ңܽύϣ


24 Ϊ

⻰óﾲͳȻһۣЦһ¡
˵Ľ˭Ըءʶ뵽ô벻
Ϊ˵һ˾ܺ󵱼ҵ˽ύء˵һΰ׼ȥҴ󵱼ҵĵӡǳ棬ܼҵĵ̣ͬģҲд󵱼ҵġǰЩȥǴ󵱼ҵֻҪ۹ã϶Źŵĺġ
һ˵ţ̫ɽʱڵƽǡ
ϣһûʲôˡ
ǳȷʵǲһģǼ˳ϻвٵ⡣
ǵ̣Ҳд󲿷ֻš
Ϊû취ٻȥģ˱ȥջ򳾣ס󣬱㿪ʼҵ˼ͷԸˡ
˷ͷжЩ±С棬ٸһֱĺҶţ˷ͷжȥҵ̹Լϵʱٻջ档
Ȼ⡣
ĵӣڿʼЦӭģһ˵±ģ㿴ҲеֱߣеģҲ˵й̶ĻԴ
ǴͻȻ䲻˼ҵĻˣ϶ÿʱ˾һ⣬ûԭǲдı䶯ġ
󣬴Ǿɥز̾óԵĵķǰСҲû˼һ¡
ģôõ±϶·ȥתת취ģй̶ĿԴҲֻ⼸ʱ䡣ֲЩ̵ĳ⡣˵ˣʵڲУҲһ㣬׬һЩԼӴ
⻰˵ɣʵԼߺųָۣߵ±ֻߺϼ۵ġ
гü޵顣
Ͷ˻ݣȻҲû˼ȿˮֱ±ȥ
취г
ҪʵڲУȥĵļӹٰԼ±תǣǵ̵ټˡ
ֻǣַ׬ľͻࡣҲʧΪĿǰЧֱӵһѽ
㣬Ĳñ˵İ㲻֪ṩǵĵ̣Ǵ󵱼ҵĵ̣ǼǵһģζҲò״ǵĻôһأǶҲаһδ󵱼ҵҲƳһЩ±ĲáζôرôãҲʧ˴󵱼һ󹩻̡
ζի߳Ȼһθо˾ɥԭΪִ֪ʶҲͨԵġ
ŴҵϵһǦǽһļ᲻ơҪƿһ϶˵ѡ
ͷڽϣгҲûɶоһζĳԼ˼ȴ˲Զһ˵۾
ף
ôˣү㿴ʦүͱһ»ڿܰ˳߿ȥþͿ˳üŮӡ
飬Ȼ䡣
ԭɫһ˲ơ
ʦ
ʦүٴ̾һλӰǰôϳأһϸϵ飬չƲס
ܰҲûʦүʧҲǶݵʧԸȥһ£ʲôģ
ҹȻε˺þãȵصջ֮ʱȴĵõһϢ
ʲô˵мҵ̣֪ζիȥ̸⣬ǵĽң
󲮽͵˵ʱһĽ
Ѿͷ֪ζի˼ҿһĵ̰˵һҵ̺úʹ󵱼ҵֱϵģҲӴϢʱڣҲ֪ζիǵĵںˣ֪ζիǴϣ㣬ɵüͣһ̸
ߣʣھȥ֪ζի
ߣ̸ȥ
ԭɥˣһȫ־ĵ̡֪ζիȥ
ҵ̣ȻܹǺźǣֻ˵Աλƹģȴǲ
ʱԱת˵˹̶Ĺ̡
Ҳ͸¶д󵱼һɽģΪˣȻҲû̫Ĵûĥҵ̡
ٴο룬ŷ֪ζի֮Ա֮Ϊĵ̣Ҳûеġ
棬
ĵģӹԴһģƷַҫۡ
𻨸⣬⣬ǣ͵Čm͢ʽ㡭
ӣʡ
Ӹɻģҵ棬ֻҪԣǾ򵽡ǵԱвʮ
Ҫ֪ھǣʮк˵ĵԱĵ̣Ҳмҵġȴһҡ
ӵԱЦӭ̬Ⱥпɿҵ̵ĹǺܲġз̬ȣģ㵽λ
ò˵ǹŴִ˵ͷԣǻ޽ġЩңҲСģֻдԽŮָô⡣
ʵ˼Ҳܻ⣬ҲĺƣֻЩǳûģŴˣߡĳЩº棬Ͳ紩ԽŮǵĵλ۹ⳤԶˡ
Ҫվͬһ㣬ֻ´ĴԽŮ͹ŴȣǣһܱȹŴ˶༸㡣
***
λ¥ƹ¥ݲȺλ
ݲ裡ȻССľ̾һ£оƺе㲻һء˼Ҵ̵ĹɣˣһʶȻҲû̫롣
С˴·ε¥Ͻӿȥⴱ̣ȻٽֵģȴһɫǶ¥֡
¥һɫĸɫ̣¥ϣǵ˾ӼҴ֮á
ڹɫ¥ݣȻЩ̾ɱִι۵Щ¾ɵĲʽҵŵֱ۵Ķడ
˼һһľһשһ辰ɶʵʵİڷŵĺиġ
λƹ档
С˰˴һ䰵ɫſں󣬱˸ơ
ɳͷȻΣʶ̺ȥ
ǰĳȥ󣬾͡һ
ĳȻЩôˣ
ɨվǸΰʱҲŴ˵
𾪣Ե𾪣ôҲ뵽ܰһ󣬻ֿЦķʽ档
˵ҲĽţл𻨵ȼȻֻĪľ̵Ļš
Ĵʣǰ˽ȥҲֻ֨ô֪ô£۵ƳȻѾͷô°ôſڲȥ
ȻֻãԼ֣·һ
˫۾ˡ
Ǻ֪ĴʣҲʱ쳣ǰһһӾ͵ڳȻǰ̧ͷܰš
ˣݵĽӣ֡
ֻԼվǰǰе˽¶ǰ
ȫÿһϸս״̬Ϊ¼ҵӺǿ԰ֱֱͦģ㣬ƹģ
һʣļ˴лعȻɨһʧ̬˵ĳһۣЩɻ󣺴󲮣ôʶܰģ
˭ܰûʣȴõͳģЮŭųȻ


25 ͬ

ʡȻϽ
һߵĳҲϽ䣬Ҵӡ
ܰ´һӣʾ⼸
ֱ£ȻžãղգƺŵЩ
ǴʣһֱɻżˣԵĲ״С
ѻҳãлƹĸڳȥǲãҳ˵ǰ棬벻˹̨ġֱܰܵľҪֻǣ˫޵ɫڳȻɨ
ȻƽʱҲݵˣֺһɨţܾЩڡ
ǳһǿˣʮܰʱҲоѹġ
ȻСĶе㷴Ӧʧ̬Ͻȥòݱ±
ܰ±
ֻһ㱻ֻ۾ĵš
ֻ֣ȷʵģҲ޳ڣǽڷĺܡǰڷǶоǱ̳һ㡣
ʿֻֻ֣ҲĺܣٿԼġǽڴִȻǸɴֻģҲһЩصİԶ֮ġ
ңƤҲû˼ҵĹ⻬ͬˣȴȻͬ
Ȼֻ޹ǵ֣ȴûɵ뵽˵һʱĳʱܰĦԼ۾Լ
ףģ
ֻܰҧһڣ㾪ɨһۡ
ȻϽ̸̬̬ȣһӣǣһǵζġһˮζģģţζ߸߶˵±һ˰ֿζơʣۡɡţ⡢⡢⡢ร⼸֡
ܰûڵһʱ𸴣ٰƷֶƷһͳ˿Ĳ˲֣Ž׵˿ͱһ߶ȥ
Ȼٴγ顢ǡݳ˵㡣ڸʱҲ˿֣֮Ľһ˿öǮ
ȫͳһƷׯ˿һ˿ɾ͵ٸͭӶءݵʱڸ֪һ˷˿һߴϰ
ٵʱòҲǶʮ
һ٣ʮǧһ죬͵˷ѡͭӶǶӣ㲻֪һһ
˷ʱ򣬾ȻʮٵʱҲ˷ʮӡ˵жٵǮ˷ѣ
ζпɣ˶۰Ͱ͵Ŀܰ꣬˺ðˣ˲Ƶ³һ䡰пɣ
еסЦǣүܰҹ̨
ܰüǫȻżˣҲƹƹˡ
ȻüһҪģ㲻ƹģװģΪ
ǳʶ죬קקӣʾüꡣ
УƺֻĴ
ȻԤвʱĺ꾫ٶȿڣأ˵ĻܱƹĻҪá
٣ȻĵرˡƴҴҵ˵ǰ˵Ϊľǰǵɺˣء
˼Ұڻģӵķϣ̣
ү㿴ô˵Ȼĵˣ治Ѿٶ೶˳ߵġֻϽ̸ףٻؼҺúõ˯һֱӸϼȥ±Ǯȥ
ܰȴһҲٲŲæغ˿ڲ裬ڼӦҪ̸˰ɣѾһڣȴ³ѽæ˰죬ûԷУ˶Ӷ̸ⰡߣԷȥ
Ȼʹðˮ̵Σ˺ü±ˣӶ֪һˣֻһô±ҲûóԺòá
ƹƣ˵ˣȻðСֵġ
Ȼܲ⣬ǲòһȥ
Ȼֻ߶һ뷨;̸ͳԷ˭ģûɣԩϴүһⷹǮɡ
ģô˵鶼ǳٷүġ·֪ȻһܰʱеĿڡ
Ҳ˿ʵҲء˵Ǯ˼ҵүԶٷûʮٰӵ²̨档һгҲǴ˵ѣо±Ʒ
ǴͲٰųԷ¶ǻ첻
ںˣܰ˵룬Ȼٲ⾭⡣ϻЩεġϾ˼⣬ȴ˼ǳԷ
ǳȻһЦۣ°һܰ绨һЦɣлүͣү˾Ǵ󷽺˵Ըǳ⺣ΣүҲи¶Ǽմһү֮Ҳһζɽʲôζ
ô¶ĻĿŮ˵˺е㲻ҪĻȣġø԰λãǸĽǶ
ܺߺòãоǲԲȵ
ܰƺǺ˽Ȼԣֻǵɨһۣһ£ͳһ档
ȥĵطȻһ¥ٽӰķׯ
һ¥С˵֮ġǣڷż׵Ļࡣ˽ȥǰģǶֳָȥɱ
ֳ棬óȻִĴƵꡣִֻľƵ꣬õĴ㣬һЩľͰȻľͷģʽɡ
һط۾Щˡ
ǵŮõģۡټϵＸһڵ辰̨ϵıݡ
طҲзׯôоɵĵطأ⻷˾˵³Ҳǲõġʴսֹ
ǣǮ˼ҾšȻľֱͦţ˼ҿƵġ
³ĳ˳Լۡ
طôνֻҪ˺óԾСһıã㲻˵»벮ʡЩܰǶԳ˵ġ
˵һ޵ػ׽ŪȻǶųʱ̬ǫͣ˳ȫûԼүġ
ǣǣү˵ĶԡϽ̬ܰͣ͡Ҳôľִ١
ϲһλ֪ϲʲôݣϲģԵһǿԵ赸֮ġ
ܰĿųȻѯʣЦӯӯӣ֪ˣĻã϶ǳ档
ҡȻԭ˵ġתһ룬ү㲻˵ôðҾҵһǾһ׼ҵİɡ
ҵģٴγ顢찡ĳԷĵطǸµĵطȴҪһ׼ҵġ
أٰһЩһ裬̫ˣҲ̫ɶˡˣԽҵģԽϲ֪үûЩĿûмԽģǾඡ
оز˼ֶŮƽʱܻᴦ¡զһүƢе̫أңСŮ̬ҲɡףСŮ̬
뵽һ㣬Ͼǹˡ
ȷʵֻ£ԼֶŮԴܼҳҲû˵ġ


26 һ

ֻΪ⣬λ⣬һֱԼŵġԼˣҲ֣Уү˲һ㺡ү
ѾͷǸɶ̬أȻҲżɨһѾͷԵģҲӡ
Ҫ˵ûоԷʲôģɶ
¶̫ĥˣѾͷ飬鷳Ľ
ԼԹ۱ɶҲɡ
ڵ˺ܰԸȥ볪
һȵƮòŮӡ
Ϊ׵һϸ߸壬һ쵰ĿɻŮӣһյãűʹۣ˸˸
ǿĴŮӣһϲЦݣܰ˸
ӣӰ
⶧ǽǮֱܰӳһӣݳȻĿģ⶧ӣ˵Ҳʮ죬ܼӶһ־µѪ
ɴ۾Ƕӣ๾¿ˮ
ʵ˵㣬Ҳ̫ŹЩʺͳͷԶЩ
ܰµɨһۣǳĺãҲġ
ԭϷ˵һµģȻȴ棬۾һľģ˵ģǳıǻҪãǲҲôһӣܱǵС
ԴͲû񵽲ȥ찡ȻѾͷǰ֪ʶˣôһմǮ֮ģ͸ʧķһġѹСҲģ飬гġΪȻģΪӵãܲŽˡ
ܰͣȤصͷԣǿԱԣʤҵǮȸǵĻҪࡣȻô˵
ȻĿõĸһҧˣҾΪ赹ƣһѾͷΪô
үǮͲҳǮˣҾͳůѾͷҲѾͷҲǿʤεΣ
Ͼռ˼ұˣȻһﲻӦܰһ̧ͷЦЦĵͷ̫Ŭҵ㵱ҵĵѾͷءȱһʹѾͷء
Ȼü⺢ӻǸʮˣ˵Ļզô˲
ȴһЦݣϧֻСŮӻүʹѾͷء
˵꣬ͷһŤתǽҲȥ׼ˡ
ΪҪ裬ǶԽķװȫһЩصģʺķװҪִĹ򣬳ȻЩ·еϲ̨档ﳪβԼװһ£
ЩװȻƼСѼɴ֮ġ
ΪиݣԳȻЩҪǺ׾Ͱ쵽ġ
ûһСͰҪĶ
ǶԽݻ·ǵһĽɴ£ķװ˵Ĺյĸӵ
ȻԼҲðɣһһҪȫߺߣ죬һҪܰһѡ
ֻǣͷβһҪ⣬ǾǱȻڰеġУҪȴܰУ
Ȼ·ĽûĴ繻۵ˣҲĴ磬ֻ²дҲ޷ﵽ˵Ŀġ
ȻˣΪʲôҪ·أ
뵽ЩѶ˿Ӳϵţٰǰš
棬һĿӡ
Ǻɫ˿ϵװʽǰɫĳ㡣
ֳɵ֬ΪԼһʵѬױᣬޡ
ðɣ¥һ·Լ֮Ը󵨵װ˾̫ףֻΪһֻܰʹ󲮼˿
棬治ô׵ױ硣
㶨ǶԽеУȻŵ˳
ϻѬױֻı˸ˡզһܾޣҲ·򿴲ΪϮȫˡ
߰ɣһܴǵġȻһЦ̧ͷ¥ȥ
Ҳˣĸ󣬡ǣҲܴǡ
ôţ˶־¥
ܰڿȻױҲ΢һ¡ƺҲ뵽ǧ򻯵Ů󣬻һױݡ
ϲͿĨ̫֬о͸һһȻȷʵƯҲܾޡǾñŤڿɲǼƽֵʱһ̧ˣ˭
ɣҽ衣ϵͳ
õƽʱֵǺߵģڰҵ֮˺˲ͱ仯ˡ
ŵжֵİãڸپʱоˣɱһ㡣
֣Ƹɽˮ
ľʱżСϪת̽
ƽʱҶƮ
Ȼִľ֣ҲòϣⴺϣȷʵǺܲġ֣˵ĳ
赸
ԴˣȻҲڴ
ʵݵ轣
ڱͦ˲䣬üƣóȻɣǰվģԾһλսŮӡ
·⡭
ͣգļ˻ǾŲ
Ȼ𺶵ģ˭˵Ŵ˲ִġ˵ʵڶе㻳ɣרҵԼܲƴרҵġ
ô˵Ҳĸвͬ赸Լװ硭
ܰʱȻһߵĴС˫˸֮룬ϣλæ֣԰쵽ôԼ赸Լ裡
ǽˣصҪҲ̫ݡ
ȻҲ˸ԼĽ࣬ƾǶֵİãԼУǿʤεġ
ڱ֮ǰ˻ĥһĬȡ
ڽϤʱȻſʼ
˵ʵĸĽ⡣
ҲеţΪʲôŮӻ˵šƾҲܲ֡
˿ɬһЦҲϿҵ׼ࡣ
ŮʱĸҲӳȻ³ӡȷ赸ɤ¶Ķꡭ
ޡɳ,ޡɳ,ޡ!ޡ!ޡ!˭ԲԲɽȪɽȪɽȪɽȪǴ¶Ļ껨ذޡ...
ܰߣ赸ϵƣơ
߰Χǰ˿¶ĴʱɫԽѿ
ȵһϣʹȫɵˡʿĺܷڣҲֺܼܾ赸Ǵ۽硣оգƺܲԡ
ãá·ϣ߰赸ʲôӣ
ۡһܰĲյ˵ϡ


27 ˼

Ȼɴ۾ֻò˼顣һ߰ĽҲò˼顣
Ҿáλ裬ǵĺÿˡСҲá˫Ҫֱһ㣬ԼĹ۵㡣
ֻǣû˵ʱܰ׺ݵɨ
һǰӮˡ
С˫˾Ͻקס˫ߡ
ȻߵĵǰˣҲƵǸ°ͣӣȻ൱ơ
һߵĳԵԣļĲˡҲеˣƺ˶ȻѾͷܲһ
ٿܰʱ;ˣôô˳ۡҪΪȻ磬Ͻס֡
ʣȥȥ˰죬ûء
ǡҪ˵ǲǵ˲ôʱλүɾ͵˵ءǣ֣еĻһ֮ȫ˻ȥ
ѿռˣһȥͺߵʳ
ôúǸһš˵ˣôô٣ҪԺȥûô˰û֮ǰǲԺ͵˴һġ
ʺܼ˵žҪתȥ
֣ʰʡ㣬㡭ЩˣЩ飬ֻܿšҲϣвӦõ뷨ôˣıҶ㣬õʧ
ʹ˲ӣȴЩ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ҡͷϧĿŴʣʰҲǴʱ߹ġ˵뷨˵뷨Ҷ֪ѽ˲Ӧõ뷨
Ҳֻ̫ȻѾͷ㲻ãĵ̫ôˣҲ˵뷨ˡǸˡȻѾͷһʼǳҵĹϵһ㵥ദʱɡ
ʵɫְףֺ졣˼£ź޺޵ĵ磬İȻѾͷӵġҪ˵Ҳ˵ʲôоǾã˵£ʲôܸɵġŮҲȥֻҶõĸоһ㣬Ҳ˵˼ڡǣҲ֪Һǲܵġ
㻹ˣҶȻѾͷֻǵÿˡСʱҲǹŮҲǵӵ
ڳˣǵĹϵһõġ˼ǸˣߣȻѾͷһ˵ҪȻѾͷǸ
֪ǲµĸö̡ܻ
ڵĴʣԳȻ൱Ļ̣ڸǵȫµҲ䲻Լá
֮ܰܣڴʵ;ܰ䲻ϳȻġ
ĴʣοЦˡĶӵļ򣬡ʰ룬˼룬ҲͷˡȻѾͷү¶ǾԹŰɡ˶ͨˣҿǵĸ鰡Ҳͨܲĵġ
ȻɣȻѾͷܺүһҲǺ¶ҿˣͦġ¡ȻѾͷýܼҵĴŰ
ܼʲôˣǰŽһҰ
Ǿ棬Ҳ̺ŵġ
ܼң˵ھ滹һǵٵġ
٣ɶ
ͨϰĳġ
˵⸸ֹȴ˵ˡ
ȻŭĿܰһͻȻһ֡ѽ谡СˣԵڳԴװôܺԴء
ŭûɵľȥ
Ƶߵܰǰ˫ָ棬ЦЦĿǰˡ
ҿô죿
ᣬһ仰ִ͸ŵ
޾ŭܰͻȻת䣬Ҳе㷴Ӧ˻ǺΪһ裬һ㣬Ŀһۺ΢
ʲôˣϽ֮ǰѣ˵·ʱ˼ҧ˵ġ
ŲĳȻ⻰ȷСУڳԴء
豭ڵЦ⣬ٷ±ʱȻҲһ࣬գգ۾ίĿܰ٣ãҵ裬ĺѿôҵĸ裬ô
˫ȻľͫôĴԹ
裬˵ģĺƯ۾ĺǴ
ǳëɨɨɨܰĪľͲˡ
ֱ֮ӣǱĶ豭͡
ҲҲѿġֻǣʡϽԷԷ
ԼЦȻϽױžЦκΣҲÿƣ˫粻ϵĲ
̧ͷʱͶ˫ߵ۾ԼߵĿ档
°ͣܰһĿȻ
ղŻڰԳЦһԴ׳Ե˵ԣȴ֣ԭСһҲǸ˵Ĵڡ֪ΪΣԽԽĿ棬Ȼֺ򼱵뷨
һžͻ򼱰ˣ
ҪɶȥˡȻ
Ůˣϲˣ
Ȼ࣬ЩӦ
۾
ǰԵģ͸ʽŵĳȻͱ۾ȭͷĽģϵļҲΪ̫ڲš
𰡣𰡣Ҳס׵ءУҲôþҪסװСŮ˵ڲϵĸס
ֻģȵġ
ޱȵʱ򣬴һ˿ĸо
еĺеӲ͸΢ĴС
ǣǸоŲˡ
ʹ󡭡е㲻һ
ƶ۾ӭϵģĳ˫ϸһһ۶
ĳ˵һֻƤСżˡ
ż˵СֶѹĴϡѹ֣ζоһء
Ȼ۾ٿ󣬴ϵż˲롣
ܰżףϷʵȴһ
ȥǽԷ̸⣡
ŭΪү̸Ļٴ𡣺ðɣһҪ⣬ĺܿٹ
ģԺٺˡ
оˣˣȻ׺ݵصһүһۣתȥгԷ
ڳԷ֮ǰȻȥԼ֮ǰ·
ɲ뱻˵ɺһĿĳҪ˴۾âڱ
һٷȻʳ֪ζϵķ˺ܹ󣬿Ҳ֪Щɶ
֮෴ģү飬ƺ൱ĺá
үϺͳ˫˸˲Űݡ
ڳſº󣬳ȻſʼһүӦ̸±ˡ
үⷹҲˣҲˣǲǵá̸أ
˾ƵܰȻûȴӵޡˡ
˲ӦޡĴʣɳȻȴãޡĴݡ
˾Ƶܰһ˫һ۶٣۲˿ԭʹѱĿ棬ʱȾɫһ졣
˿͸һоǳ˵ۡңҪҧһڡ
ã̸⡣Ůˣϲ̸ܰз۾ôб


28 ү̸

ڳȻѲݵʱͶ
һҲûղŵ̬෴ģſࡣóȻͻȻãˣǸʮˡ
ľһʻƸ̳Ϻ
±ۡ۸
ܰзһ۾±㣿
ʸϽͷԣ㣡
ܰǿҲûʣĿųȻ
ôʾ൱ûӣܰӡ֣ٶȼһ֡
ԣǰһǮġү۰ɡ룬үΪˣҲ̫Ϊǵġ
̸޼˶ǣ̳ɱ̵С
ɣһ±ҸһٸǮɱҲʮһ⡣ҿⴴ£ֳۣҲͼǰĶ⡣϶꣬±Ͳ̫ˡ
磬ĸġ׬Ǯҵһ㣬ȻҲòϡ
òλܰ۹⣬ȷʵǺܳԶġҲ˼ıõҪǹˣǴԽġ۹⣬һʮӵеġ
һٸǮһ⣡һ߰Լ㡣
ֱͷˡһٸǮү
ǵĳɱҲǶʮ嵽ʮǮһ⡣
һȻʱϸܵļ㡣
һٸǮ̸Ҳ˵ÿȴɱһ׬ʮҵǮ
ִ⣬ɲһٷͿԸ㶨İ
ˣˡ
ʸоԼĺˡǣȻƺ⡣
ҲţôӱĶôֵֻһٸǮء
Ҫ֪λүȥתۣǻ׬ܶء
үҲ˵ˣȡһʽӱô˵ǰĶ꣬϶ļõġǰһʱ䣬үڼ±Ͼ׬ӡһٸǮǳɱ׿˹Լܸķã۸񣬲Ǻܺð
ʶҪˣô࣬١
ΪѵĿԼĵȸˣſǶͣſˮء
ܰЦЦĿǵһЧã꣬һǰͶǵĻٸһⲻǻ飿
Ȼ࣬ˣȻƵ±꣬껹֪ôأǵ±ۺˣң
ܰʣৼ£ˣпܳúķϣ±Ҳǰǩ۸ͰһٶʮǮһ⡣ٶҲܣϾⶫǻðװЧÿ
ȻٴΰǺ꾫ѹˣٸԼһ顣㣬Ҳ±ǿ±гǰȻǰѻҶ
һֱڳԼ۾Ҳ֪þա˵ˣ˵ıȷʵҲùұ˲ء
ãǳɽһٶʮǮһ⣬ֻ⽻ô
˵أܰӻҨһƣӣ˵͵үĻ֪ôġ˵Ǯôҽύλļ񡣡
˵ܰ񵭵ɨȻ
ȴŤͷ֮ǰ˵ϷˣҪɶˡ
ôţ̸ˣʷųȥ
ȻҲûٺү˵һ仰Ļ˿ջֻ˯þڴϣ̧ͷһȴִһɪӰ
ȻѾͷʵҲǼįоͦµġ
Ȼбȥͬοȥ˵үһˣҤȥһ¸λ㳤ʶ֪ôįġ
ʺݺݵصһۣĺ˵
ˣֲһ䣬ҲŲȥֵطءߣҤӣһͲǺõط
Уüס˵ĻҪȥҲϣ԰˰Ҫ˾ͺءǮʱ˰ǲҪء
⻰еߣҹ˾ҹ¥ϵĳҲˡ
үɫ΢һĨЦ⸡ա
ȥʱܰûлǼҵ̣ȥһϵԺӡ
ƿʱﻹŵƹ⡣
ܰü΢壬ݣʦүִʻ
ɻʣĻʣвͬɷܰǸ֪̾ʦүǸʲôİĻ񣬼㣬ȴˡ
Ǻǣء깤ˡ˵Ѿͷˣ
ţˣ̸˱⡣ˣʦүεĺƷҳԹˣζ
ܰ˵ţѺӴ򿪡±һֳʦүıһ±һץЩ±
⡭Ѿͷģ
˵ļܰüͷԣҿźӱҲɫҪģ±ζǴͳȫһ
ʦүҲ˵ǼææһӵֻǽһڣǸиŵϡһһʲôˣû˵ǣܰȴ׽ʦү˿֣˼˵𵴣
ʦү±ҧûȥǱ۾ػζζ
ܰҲĵվһЦʦү
ãʦү۾ǰ±иŵ³һ䣬ѹְܽͣΪʲô˵ڲͬҲѹ֡
ѹʲôʦүû˵ȥǳ֮󣬺صĿܰǲĺϲѾͷ
ܰü΢壬ûֱӻش
ʦүȴЦΪ˽𣬡üŻشң˵ʵǰҲҵȥĺӡô꣬Ķ㣬ҲӦøоˡڣɶһ䣬Ѿͷ㻹ԵһҪȢˣҽ飬ȢҼţԸܳԾҲ⡣Ѿر֮ΪǼ˵ԡ
˵ԣʦүŻЦݡ
ҲнʮˡõԼҪĵط
ֱԵЩ±ŻȻԭԼУҲףչǻزȥˡ
һ뵽˺ԼһĴʦүûɵľͺ
ǻɣѾͷһ
Ѿͷ֪ԼҲͬһˣ
뵽ʦүֶܰ䡣ˣйҵ飬ҪѾͷᡣѾͷء
ô˽Ȼ,ܰ΢Щ죬Ҳ֮СʦүһһЩ̵顣
ʦүһ˵滮зչʱﻹǲĵӣеģֻİٱһָһ֡
ʦү㲻ҲȫԼҵǿҲףô꣬ô˸ĵҵʦү
ʦүֽڿУƯ۾ʹֳ˼˻䵱С
꣬ԽʼҲѰŷļҵ
򲻸ˣڹ۲˽һʱҲɫͼλµദǢ


29 ⳡ

ֻǣⳡϣܻ̫ˡʱ̫ԸھԼǸԽʿôתʱˡ
ļ󣬴˲˵ļʡ
УԼ׿ʶвɨһϰãԼǣʹȥʱ
ţͨٷˣΨһİӣаޣȫұɱԼΪʱì֮УԣǱڷӵһ
ֻºĹУҲˡKȣʱԼ
ûΪʲôҪУֻ˵۾Ҷӵ۾˵ơ
۾ʦүٿܰ۾
Ӧӣ˵ҪȥǣҪȥöĵطǣЩ˹ʱֻܲڷ档
û޶һĵʹ
ʹ˵ΪˣŻһֱˣĥ
ȡȡʹʦүܵĿ
ܰεĴͷϽѲ辴ϣʦүԲԺˡ
ͣʦү̧ͷҡͷûжԲҵġ෴ģڽĳɳΡҰʧܵԭܽ㣬ϣܳɳһԲҵ롣Ȼе㲻ʵʣǡߵĺ˳ôӦңԺѾͷһ㣬ֻҪȢ϶ҵд
ȡȡ
һ˵ʦүԵĸˡ
ֱٿԣܰ뿪Ժ棬滹صʦүղŵĻ
ֻҪȢ϶ҵд
գƮŲٵҶĩļڣҶҲĲˡЩҶ뵽ܰҡͷ
ʦүֻ£һʧˡֻΪҵԭҪȢϡȢ
***
ջ
̸⣬Ȼҹ˯ġ
ҹʱ֣оѹһ㡣
˯Ժû̫⣬˸ֳ˯ȥ
ڰУһ˫۾һֱӣֱоþ۾ʱֻĻζ
ףΪʲôоҴϣ
ۣûɶźںĴ⣬Ȼһ죬Ȼ˴ء
ȵٴηȵĺʱһӰİ񴦳
վڴǰһ̾һӴ뿪
ȷ˺󣬳Ȼ۾
ĶΣյУڵڶαۺȷ϶бˡ
ֻȷʵĿģֻԲƶľšգ˯źֻһ뿪
ããˡ
Ǹ˰ɣŴ˾Ǻãִ֪ҹĴͷһɶ˰ɡ
ԾյͬʱҲǹŴһҹ޻ڶһȻͳ뿪
ٻؼʱȻǲȥϹ˲ٵĳʳﻹмСèأǲɫؼң̫˵ȥˡ
ֻڲɹЩʳʱһζƮ㣬еζȻ۵ˡ
˵ҲеţǸŻ
æŹҲ⣬ֻʱ̫æµûϢɵġ
ߵֱʱЩ¿⡢ֳ嶯빺һͷ¿ӰһͷһǾͿ¿˶
뷨һĺܳɹǽüʱʱɽ壬Ҳһͷ¿ӡ
¿ͷֶĶ࣬Ҳι¿ҲǷһ¡ʰɾˣҲ
ڳ£Ȼæһͷ
ƽɫëϴĺܸɾ˫۾ҲǺߡͷѾԼȻôôúãôгƯġ
ˣ㶼ɶʩء߰ɣһˣȥŪһ׳ʽһǾԼȥ
ǾԲġȻƣ󲮣
ʸϽӹǵ˵£ǣ㲻֪ɣҵʱ򻹵ܼҵءû̫ã͵һɡ
һܼңȻʱܰʱıǺܹܵġ
ôˣͲϵϳš
Ҫ׼뿪ȥʽĳŸоͦڵġ
֪ѾͷأֻɣֻΪ̫Ҳ̫࣬һֱûʡ̯֣һΣѾͷңȰʽŪãҪôȥһڳϴ󲮺˵һ£Һܰûɶҡ
ô˵ˣȻҲ˼ǴʣųȻֳԼĵһĨǻܼңҲԼ֪ˡ
ҪʽڷгԶС
֪ǲθĲãгЩǵɧζȻǾθһһķӿ
ûסֶһ߸Ż˼¡
ôʺǵһ¡
ѾͷĲ˰ɣôˣҪ۾ҽݿɡһ˳θô죿
Ȼ֣Żûûϵġʱ䶼һ㣬ֻǰûôذˡ
ʿ벻ģҲû̫ġֻһ˲䣬뵽ÿλܵʱҲнȻľٶһʱ䣬Щȷ
㣬㡭ǻ˰ɡǣȻѾͷʱڵ棬˭ȥ
еʣչû˵ڡϾ¹ųȻƷԣӲıţֻǰĶһԵ˹
ʱͰװãһͷҲû̫Ǯ
ӡڳϣȻЦ˫̯ĳ󲮰ԺҲгһ˰ºˣԺͿء
ȻҲֺţȴӵɨһۣѾͷ˭ϳҪ㵽ѧأ
԰˾Ҫ֤ģҲ֤
ʱˣͷһ˵Ѿͷɶ֤֤ġѧôֻҪѧŲ϶ѧġѧϳôָ򵥡
ȻͷٺٵЦҲԼ֤Ǽʻ֤˼һڻȥ·ϣԸ棬Ҫѧôݳ
ȷʵģѧѣִСʻ׵Ķࡣ
˼أȻҲһСʽ
ѧϳˣǿƲҪ֣ĳȻͰѳᣬԼ桰ݣݡĸϳϵĻ
ǾȾһ˰ɡ
ڿҪʱһȴһӣһŮһܳǰ档
ͻȻһȻ˿ˣĵҲ߸ߴģֻɫ൱Ĳá
һߵŮˣͻĳиСˡĻһϢٵСޡ


30 ôˣ

ôˣȻԵһˣЩơ㣬ײء
λȾҼҺӰɣǼ֣⺢ֲˡΪĲۼеȫˣĲַˡǱߣûǮ˼Ҳҩ˵ֻҪӣܰ޵Ĳκá˺ģ͸ӣһҴӴ˾ūˡңԸΪūС
Ȼһ⻰ֻöµĻšҲе㵣ģЩƭ˵ġ
Ҫִ֪Ǻܳġ
Ҳߵǰ֣ںӵĶǸһ¡
Ӵ̵ͦġⶼ˵ɶǴ˵ӾκãĸƱģ
һ˵ֻҪƭˣǲ°Ʊġ
һѯʣ翴ϣһϵĿͷүĻλﶫݵˡΪմ׵ģ˵ʵ˵˵⺢Ӫûϣټһ˷纮ԾͲԽԽء
иӺúõĵţӵĲܺõġǷ֮ǰϹڰضŪûˡӣʵòټϼûؿˣԾͺϼųΪūˡֻǣֻǡ
ֻǺĻû˼˵ȥΪǾΪū˼Ҳƭ˵ģѹûȤ
Ȼˣһ۹ߵеĸˣ̾һҲǰǲӣзĸˣһ˼ңԸǡ
ȻҵҲкüˣڻиҪǰһŪȥеѶȰ
󲮣ֻҪĵҪǺӣҿԸǮΪơֻǣһҪ󣡡
Ǹһֱû֨ĸһϽῴ뽲ֻҪܰ쵽ģһҾţҲҪΪ쵽ġ
ʱ˻ĺȴקק֣ҲҪҪܺáܺõġ
С˵ǿ˵ţյͨ۽ǣһ龰ʯĳˣЩݡ
Ҳקק·߳̾һ⣬ǳȻԸ⣬Ҳһģһ˾˰ɡ
ҵҪܼ򵥣ҿԳǮΪβӣҲҽǵģȵԺٹ黹
⣬ǷϲĲˡǳѾͷеˡ⿴ţ˭֪ǲءһǮô죿Ӱһ˼ҵò
ȻĿǰǵҪҵеѶȡأеԵİ취ǣΪҡɻծҲ˵ǲΪūΪҿԹǳסǣԼͶΪԼծ
ũƻҪʵʩʱҪٵ֣⼸ãҪũеѶȡһˣǸˣԺΪ͵ġΪ˶룬ǵƷҲǹȥġ
ȻʥĸȴҲҲʮŮˡȻŵĺΪʲôҪֻǰԤ֧һ㹤Ǯѣǿ԰쵽ġ
˻˵е侮ʯɣǣΪˣǵøлرֻҪ˼һζʩ᣿ȴҪƷҲֵ˸ˡ
һ飬ϲĲˡ
Ųϵĵл
ллллǼûطȥԸӾСԸǸɻծ⣬ǰĸ󣬲ĵĹءԸ⣬ԸⰡ
ԾСһ֮ݣôҲǴ֮ˡ
Ƶ°һˣֻԼ˸ǡ
ţϣƵ°ŲҲϵĵл
⼸˷ʰѳĵŲЩһ˳ԡ
СԵڷգŴȷʵǸص⡣
գпܻջӣΪղ˶
ΪСĲеأԳȻϵ·С꣬³˹޾ƣǼһϰҪ˵޻һ·ΪС£֫ࡣ
ص㲿ֶ˶飬ûĿĵء
Ƶ°ҲγȻΪСϡ
˴ҲҳǺܷǵȴԵļ١ĸǡʱķֻСûǰû취̫Ķġ
ڵģֲվƵķеЧģȻ̫ԣС¶ȣԵȥһ㡣Ȼֹۡ
С£Ȼƫߣֻ˵ȻַеСáȴܴﵽյĿġ
һϣҾȥұõλϴҽҲǲġų̾һ˵Ĵ㡣
ϵĸˡ
;ǻΪ˽Լʱ䣬Ҫ³ܡ󱻴ʺͳȻסһǿ
ڵϣһ˲ŵ˼
û˵ȥ̣˾ȥÿ˱õš
˴ҹȻżŹһ˯˸
ǼҪ±üСĿҲУãһˣǻ˸ſꡣ
˵Ȼſͷ󣬵⻹ǻġʲôҲ
ͽ˼⣬Ҳӡ֣жʺʿţʹʵ˱һԺȥ±
ú
˶˶ʼæµ
ֻǣ±֣ԵĻֲ
Ȼ£ʣģҲĸˡ
ĸ˵棬ιڣ󻹵÷ģ
Ҫģ¯ߵ˹ջ
ɶʱʲôĻҲðպáԳרŸջͣǱġ
һ㣬縺Ļ
Ȼڣʵģٷŵ¯ȥš
һ̨¯߿ǿˡ
Ǻֵһ̨¯ȥһ̨¯߻
ɾҲϲϽȵء
Ƕ̨¯ߣܳ±
ԳȻĿģǳ۵Ҫ̨
ɰɣûеܣû취õ豸
ϧȻϧҲ˰
Ͼڵ±֮ͼģ޷Ǿһ֡
ˣҲֻܾʹݡ
һ˵±Ȼһ׬һٸǮǻ
УһöһЩôǮҪ׬֣˯ҲÿءѾͷ˵˵ô±ôѽιõһ׬ǮᰡҲ֪ĺǻ̫ˡ
ǧٰ֮УĻȻֵС
һ߻ڵģĴһҲֵС
ﰡҪҵټͣȡóʱǼҹһΧŶְ
Ҳ֪Լ˵©Цˣһ۴ʣ˵СӼҼҵٽ졣
ﲻͣȴҲ˵ġ
ﰡҲСˡ۸ڵĹӣҲһء㿴ҪˡҺֻ㲻ôҵС˿ġ


31 Ǽ

ۡСˡȻһˡã㲻ǵС˰оŻ˵ĺðӺúӣСҲǵС˶һˣⲻǿ޶ûطȥ
ʼۣվȻѾͷҸ㣬磬㲻˵Сˡ
Ȼͷ˦ͷҲҲҲҾ˵ˣ˵ôš㿴ʣҹŮءѽҺ°
һ߶ջĳһӶЦˡ
ʵǳȻԼҹŮǿǲϧǡ
ŴЦȻһۣܰ˽¶յµǰɵúúõİҽѵһ´󲮣ߺߣ۸ֶŮа
ºǺǵЦŶ˦˼˦Ĵ
ɣҰ˵İءϾûһ˯ˡ˯ľ壬һôխСľ尡һ£һ˰ɡ
ȻίĵͷţһˡûȫԲһü
⻰Ĵ۵ֵĲС
ֻĿһԼϵһθ̾Ĵ
ѹ˵ĺðϣΨСŮҲҿС˶ҲΨŮˣ
ҡͷԵĸ̾꣬ȴգԵĲ԰
۾ʱȴһһԱŮ۾׺ݵص
Ȼһ֣Ĩױӡһֵİ׻ͺͻȫӡȥ
Ƶһ̧֣СӣҲҲŮˡĨҳЦŮˣ㳰Ц㳰ЦԺһúδϱ˵ˣ˵ҳЦŮˡúõİܽš
һĨֲôʵİԱŮĻӡ
Ŷӵɪ¯ǰ˿̫˰ڵĴƣǰһŶŵġģԲܵŮˡ
Ů˺СˣҲ˳ϲҡ
Ҫ˵ȻΪʲôҪôڳҪǺء˵ҲԹ
ڻس̵·ϣȻһֱųΪɶܰ¶
Ҳ֪ȥ
·ϱҲ̹״ӿ¶ͷβ˵һ顣
ǻȻˡǰȷʵܸŹһ
ʱҲֻܰʱ̣ܶҲһ¡
һº󣬳¶ûȥˡ
һ£ܰҲϤˡ
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ҲڳȻ˵ҪԸ˵̬ȥ仧ʱҵܰ
飬ͨİ첻
ϾһҪƽ޹ʵȥ仧ô鷳£һô
ܰǺ˵˵Ĺ򣬱¶㶨ˡ
Ҫ˵黹治̫顣ºЩǮʵҲܰġ
죬Ȼ׷ӣ˼ôܲôһǮ͸תءҪһֳɵķӣǵΡңǷܵĲ˵أҲһĶķΧһˮԼһЩɳء
Ӱ˵͹Ƿӣأʮòġ
ͳȻʱһӣǰѷӸ㶨ҪٹöٵĵأǾ͵ΰ
˵ܰҲ˽ʮӡǮԳڳȻϵġ
һ뵽Լչ黹С˵ǮȻ;ֶడ
ʵ˵Щ¶Ǹӵģǣû
оԼ׵ˣȴʵ۸
ɣСĻ𣬾ôϴա
Ǻʱ𣬳ȻҲɫˡߺߣҳˣһɫҲɵȻȷʵΪҰ£ǣǣǵССĳͷ˵ĳ
ôţڻ󣬳Ȼҵ£ͨҪһʰ
¶ˬһŮ˰һ˵ԽͷѵԼˣַ찡
޵¼ô꣬ʱĻʰԼ˵ġ磬Ϊذ
ͷʰǺ
ҲΪȻֺĹ˵㣬ҲȥǼ鴦ˣ˵ˣҲܵ㡣ҪһֱľͦԲסȻġ
鳶±¶ϡ
˵ĸ˵һʱ̫ˣɶʱĩʱһģҾͲˡֱִʱŶ
ȻƤӶˣᣬҲܲס˯ͷ
˶ЪϢЪϢ²Ųò
ҹģһҲˡ
ʿֳ±Ҫһ
ֲȥ㱻һɿ
һٸӶأ³ˣҪĶȥȥٸ鼸Ƭ⣬ܺóԡߺߣһżǮǼһƬ棬Ҳ±ô
ĸˣ԰˷±ȥ˽һǮ˰һǮüˡƬǸ˵ϲƲܳԵĺöϡ
̣ž졣һ߻ϴֵĳȻŴƵӣҲﲻסЦ´ĴָϾǸ߰ءʣѧŵ㣬ԺɼҵˣŹӡ˵һ뵽Ҫ̵Сϱӵ֡Ц
һȡЦʵ˯ҲûˡݺݵصһۣŤͷĺߺߣҲŲҪȢϱءҪȢϱҲð޳ȥ˲СУҼǵǰ˵ĺжҵ¡仰ҵľжҵɼңҳ´ҵȢϱѾͷ㶼ɫġҲѧŵԺҪȥ⣬ҲܹңҲҪ¼õˣ
һ˲侲ĵҲ
ౡౡǽǴ󰣬˻ŵǵ
ڳȻɨ·գͣ˳ϡ
Ϊοû뵽˵Զ
ֻǣڼҸBԸĸΪʱʵ룬᲻ΪǶɱҡУ
ǵһʶԼĴӣĿŴʣοһЦ
ãããҳĶӣҲǰǵĴ磬İҺοû뵽ҵĶҲˣҪȥܶҪȥҵ費㡣
һߵĹ½ˣֲһ䣬СкõĹңҲ·Źˡǳ¼ңǴͷ磬ҵϣҶϣǵһݶġСҪǲɼҵǼҺļôܣ
û뵽ԼĻõϿɣһʱ䣬˷ܵ˵
֪Ҳ޷أֻæϵ
ǰҷǲܵġڣҪûҳɼҵĲ㡣


32 ڷ

ҵιˣҪҵﻹҲϱҵʱҵгɣڼϱɣ
һֺˣȻҲˣ˹һˣҲ
ȻһҲô׵һ뵽׵ģȻü
С˵ǣȥʱɵĺܣȻϼ
һǣ󣬾Ļ
ȻҲû˵̫࣬ϣô
ǽü¶ֻҪ΢һֻ¾ġ
ǻıǰˣϵΪֻֻġ
Ѿͷ˵ˣǲרΪŵƬݵأġʵһϲ廨⣬óԣֲҲݵô졣ףѾͷô
²ŷֳȻһֱڷء
ǳһĺҲûˣϽһ±ŲŲųȻ
ûҲûɶ¶ǽˡȻĽӹ롣
أ˴İŪţû͡
ºͳһۣӶԷΡ
ûµģҲŪɶġѾͷ£վеĶˣ¶̣вæء
ȻȻ֪ЩӲҲﲻæġЩﻹǺ泩
Դڹµǰ룬ǣǣǣ̣Ҳﶥඡ
룬ŵһ͵ζȻü
ʱ򣬾׬һƱǮˣԸ͵ʱҲʹࡣ
Ȼֻθһһķӿǿһڣʵǿס
ۡ
ſһߣһǵصĿŻ
һͨŻɰѻԵ۵Ĺһһ
ǹ£ɫһ䣬Ͻǰ
ѽզզղŻúõģôһӾˣҿϳԶҲе£Ҫ֪ģΪǺϲ
ĵԹȴļһξˡ
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Ȼ˼ķſ֣Բ𣬲ңҾ⻰һӾʧˡ
վһߵĴʣͬһĿǿֲɫĳһ
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㣬СӸʵĽǲǡǲǡ
˵棬ȥˡʹǸˣҲֻͳȻӴ
ʿԼϵӣ⣬ֻǲҲ֪Ѿͷе¶ˡ
ܷĵͷ˰ͷ
žһͷأʾͰ˴ӡ
㣬㡭ʰʣôĻ˵鰡
Ǻɸְ찡ӾȻ⣬ô찡ϸ˵ǿðãô飿һ뵽ЩĻӴǲϴܡ
ֻǻȻѾͷˣҡﰡ̫ίˣߵʳ
㣬㡭ȫ˵ָŴʵֲͣ
ʿôҲԭĴ³¡ȵӵļ򣬡û£ʼѾͷеʱҲһ𾪵Сɣ⻹ͬ׵¶ǵȿ֪
ˣһ˦ӵ֣ɫ˺ü£̾һˣҽȥ鲻Ҳˡ۽ȥѻչҪİӰôһӰ
ȫ״̬УԼԴ޹Ŀֻǲ²һѾͷˣҲӰ㡭
ͻȻ䣬ҲˣҪʱȴ
ĳȻںˮһǵĿء
˿Ҫ˵һߵĴʼʹקȥ棬лҪĻҪ˵ء
ңʣҵýѵһ٣˵ĵе꣬ԼŮˡʹļߵȻǰȻѾͷԲǴ󲮽ѵô顣
һߵĹĿһ£ŵĿŴʣɶ¶
ٿԼ˵ɫ찡һεǷɶ°˵ɫ˵ѿµֻһ뷨Ǿˣˣһ¿϶кܴĻ
ͬģȻҲأǵĿŴʣľά󲮣˵ʻᣬг嶯嶯µĴǻǿ鴦ġ
һĴȣԣӦ鴦Ѿͷ㲻Թʰɣ
ҲȥˣԵģҲԼǺͿϵˣⶪ˵¶۲ĲתȥҲ
µǾľεİ˶ˣɶӻûûεϹԷѽι˶
˵ɣҲԹء
УǣкˣǾ͸Ͻ¶˰ɣô֪ǻֳ鰡Ӳ̣֮һ˵¶ͨ졣¶һĺͶӺĩŵϱ˵оĺΪ
кӣ⻰ȻٲǾɵˡ
ô˴ʵϰʹɶҲûУðڸʲôɻ
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Ҳζˣ飬Ȼʹ˽顣
ǰЩɶѾͷֻǲ˶£ôͺ˵˵ѽҹģͷӾ;ˡ
ʱͳȻһ᲻˽ѾͷġҪ˵˽飬Ҳŵġ
ǰôأ϶ˡǺǣҾǡθӦеŻ
һ˵ºͳʶɫصĿһı༫ˡ
ָͷͳѾͷܼҳмˣ
ҲŰָͷ˰ɡ
Ѿͷ°μ͡үһʱûСûкȱ֮ģ
ıסȻҲˡ
һ£ȷҡͷ󲮣֪ǿҡŻΪһˡܵİܸʱλж˱ôܻа
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°ѳʹߣȥȥϽ˯ȥҺѾͷ˵Ҳ˯ˡʱΪ±¶ԳȻöǼ¼棬Ҳ˲ϻȥˡиڵķɩӿżҲɶ¶


33 Ļ

үҲ֪лҪʳȻģԱĹϽѵض˳
ȵûˣ¸ϽųȻ֣ѾͷҸϽ룬ʱҵľ֢״ɶˡҪˣô찡ܰ϶Ȣģ⣬¶ǹǺ
˵˵žͼˣȻҲŻ
һ룬Թ԰ܰķϲûô
⣬ǰִʱ¾Ͳô׼ȷġ
ÿ춼ڸѹæµ״̬УǴӼҪ
ҵط仧æĢСԣ԰ӡ
±죬ȫԼΪŮӦ¶òã
Ȼɤקס£ңҺ£һֱû
¸оضת
ݺݵصһ۳ȻĶˡ
㣬㣬˵Ѿͷ¶ôġôİҵ찡⣬ô˰ĩӵģҪءô죿Ѿͷô찡㣬˵㡭ѽ
¼תһһΪġ
ȻҲȫˣϸ룬ζǶκܰһӣȷʵǺ˱İôأ
ǣҲȷʵǺþûˣôͣ
ûǸŻµ֢״Ǹ˶뵽аɡ
һ뵽ЩȻͷˡ
Ŷǣ۱ˣҿǵȵǰ±¶æټƽϰɡȸɻǮΪ
ӴָҲûˡȻѾͷⶼҪüëˣ㻹ҪǮѽˡ
Ȼκε̯֣ҪˣҲܾû˰ɡ⼸¶̫ˣȵæ˵ɡ԰˯ȥ̣ⲻҶŵôҪˣ۾ͰСţð
ŹȻҲ˿ңֻǳȻθŵµĸŻ
ڴϣȻҲûڹǰɾ
ҲҪкô죿
֣ŵ˶Ƥϣ棬ĻһСôһܰĺӡ
Ǹˣֵ
㣬˯ʱ˯ùһƤ̧̧˯˯˹ȥ
ˣˣˣ¶Ҳ޼áҪˣҾ
ڶ죬Ȼһ𴲡
ţ𴲰ѷˣһô𴲣Եľ񲻼ãŹǷءĵԹҲǣôɶأô˯˯һءôˣȴ߯ȥҼҵģƤ˿ô죿
ţϤ󣬵ҲʼĬԵġ෴ģųȻԷ˯֮ġ
ջƳ˵ţЩһӣءϧΪ߲ȥˡӴţϾͳĬࡣ
ɵģȻͺţȥӲġܾΪˣλɩԳȻǹĵĺܡ
ٺ٣ɩӰûµģϴˮˡаңҵöǮܿҵũء˵ˣҾȥϴȥ
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֮ĳȻǲģܰôˣҲˡ
ĸ˴˿ֽ
ڵʱţ³̾˿
⼸һֱڷ꣬ͿǮȴ꣬оƵĻŰ
Ȼû̫ںɾڼһʱţϴ˵и˴ŸʮҵСҳȻ
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Ȼһ뵽˭ɫͱˡ
°һӣĳµ㿴ŵȥһǸŮȥ
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ŸʮС˵ģ˳Ȼϵϣ˭
һ뵽ϣȻͺ
ʵҲǼ˾ˡ
ǮƾŷӵҪȥõǣôҲӦðԼŮϡ֮ǰǴ㣬㣬ٺӲߣֵֻá
һ뵽û˵ϵĲҰɫȻĻûɵĴա
ˣȷʵ
üǮû뵽ǣȥŵСõˡ
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ȻѾͷҲ£ȴ쵽ĵز˵ˣ϶ǵܸӸġ
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ԽԽԣͱá
Ҳ֪ԼǸɶԣڱ׳ĽĺͰûڲѡٱ׷ʣôҲشġ
ʱˣвǿŵġ˵Ҫȥ֮ģñϾҲʮ꣬ۿϰԼĽǵһĳۡ
һôһ˵ŵĳҭؿˡ
Ȼûʳɶõ鱨Ҳɵӡýǰɫ࣬Էš˵ˣųȻӿ϶ǹļõġ
ϰѵҴææĳۺ󣬱뷽跨ȥµĵ̴ûмС¶
Ҫ˵⵱ҲˣŮŶˣҪһŮǵô
һ˵ڹµĵſڣȷʵмССԡ
⣬Ĳ˰
ǼǿһĿ͸¶ĿǼСһ۵ıСԣ벻һӡ
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һؼңԽ룬Խëꡣ
ŮģҲġںˣһСˣǮˣѾͷȴȥǮ
еǮѽֻȫһ˸ȥ
УҵȥҹˡҰҼҵǮƭߣҺûꡣߣ°£ƽʱһТ˳˽ﲻӣְ죬ȴҼͷޣûꡣ


34 Ҳ

Խ룬Խеһȫǹθ߼ġ
Ǵ뷨ڵôҲ
һߵţϿӣĵĲˡ
һˮŵǰҲǺһۣһͷŤһߡ
һˮͰҴˣ첻һҾͲˡ
Źµĳʳ۲־ͶһС
ǣǡ
СԭǸóˣͿôĳʳĻءһġ
ҪԣһߵĶʲĴܳǡ
ҼҵģûǮóԡ
ʲſ˵꼸죬ǿء͵нģһÿãһ˵֮ڿɺãȻǼҳʳĽ˵ĳ԰ء
ҵǡǱߣҲˡקҪޡ
žһˣ⵱ң㻹ԵġôСǰһŶʵ־ͺ˼ᣬᡣһ㻹ôģĵҼҹŮƭ׬ôǮҳ԰ǻˣǡ
һȫ޹ĶϣʱĿ캰ء
´ݻûأһ½һ⻹ˣǰһ˦־͸һӣøû۸ҵ㲻ø
ƽʱҲĸˣݵԼС۸
ȲûȰСܵίֻ˵
һǹ³Ҳһ˿ľ⡣ϼҵʱûΪһЩëƤ¶ܴܡÿδܶŹǹµĶ֡
ΪˣҲӰ
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°£°һ˰ҼҲֵļҲɼҵģڻ۸ңңҽġ
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λףλ˰еģҪѵϱŮǹܵģһգǹҼھѾͷȫҹˡܲ˵ָʹҼѾͷΪǮңŮǰء
һ˵ţ䡣ԼһôϾҪȥ档һŷֳﻹץһѵǡཱུҲһء
ܺӣ˵˵˵˵ǲ°Ǽһ˵ģ
òһǣءһǾͿںһʱϲ²µġ
С۾ֱסһ̧Ц
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ŰһҾܵ˻˸
λҼ˵ĻȷʵġλνĴҽмɫڱĶǼҾѣŰһһȫųˡ죬Ǽģа˺ߵģɢһҵĵģλ˵
µǲˣһԼƷĻء
һңһקԼ飬˵ĻҲ˹ģġĺܻɣĸݺϷĻСġ
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ΪˣԴʺͳһ˶ϣȻȥ˭֪ڼ֮£ҺЩɶ¶ҪȻǻҪء
λ˵˵ǲǾϲģ
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һ£Χ۵ˣ飬Ǵӣʵء
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˼ҪʮӣǲеˣʮôҲǿԵİɡ
Źµ³ŮɻһŮһôҲΪӰɡ
Ҳ̰࣬Ѿͷɻһ͸ʮӰɡ
ۣɩӰ㻹ǴأһҪʮӣѾͷ϶ǺܻǮɡҼǵãҼҸڵѾͷȥҰ﹤һҲ͵öӵӡѾͷʮǶɻ˶
һΣˣԼҪˣ˼ڳĻء
ͱһ³档
СҲţϽʹȥźٺһЦ°һԴ˵
ǣǣҼ㣬һãȫǻɻְڼǼ⣬һɵĺúõġԵ٣֪ɻĺŮ
ĽҲƯ߳ȥĺܣſڣľһء
Ҳȥˣ⻰ڿ佱ȻѾͷڱѵ˵Ȼ͸ҤĽһģľǰſзǵš
棬ĸϷҲˣԹҲ˵˰ɡ˵ˣˡҽҲ˵䡣ãַھǻڣҲǼҲΪ֪˽¶
һ˵аĸԸ߰һĶΧųŲӺϽ˵Ͻ˵
ʵЩ¶ĲԸ˵ǣ¶ֿҲ˵Ҳˡ˵£ƽ޹ʵĻ˰ԼõŮߵģһվ𣿡
ǵȻŰ˵ˣƽʱΪˣﻹİٴκôЦ
վǶоƺԼ߶£ˣһʱ䣬еšȥСȴʹǡЦƽʱȻҲʡһԼԣֺóԵģǣǼѳԵġ


35 ۶ƫ

ļ۰һĵСǣ졣
ǳĲ⣬Ҳ֪ܺ
Ҫվȥ˵ȴǰˣλĲԸ˵Ȼ˵⣬ǣλϱɶ¶ôŮģǵһֶŮʱͱŪȥͯϱˡ
ֶŮǳˣȴǱһƢĲãֶŮеʱҲΪֶֹŮʮ꣬ɿȴʮĸ˰
ֶŮ治ᰡ˴˼ҵѾͷò׳ˣ׼ȥˡ
Ů˲䵱ޣﰡڿҪҿԼˡ
ȥ
Ĩᣬɪһߵֹ̧֣˵ıŭ
ô˵ֶŮҲմ׵ġ
ôҲҳռҵŮ˰ɣһţֶܿŮֿࡣһμȥĸֶŮҪһ˰ųĲ̣˵ֶŮҵ̰æ
һڷԣֶŮһڷԡǺӿҲ࣬Ҳĺ󳾣һ
һҲǴɡȷʵֶŮǿΪµġҲûǰ
λھӣпİɣпô
ûУûаΪ󷽣ǽַھӵмûܹչ˰иС¶ҲæġЩ¶ǲһҰŮ˵ĵġھӹϵõģ͸Ÿ
ſڣɶ´ɤŶһѹٰǵͱռȥ
˵ʵԼض֪ɶʱһһɹƭĴñӡҪô۶һǺóԵĺúȵģҪĿǹˣҵӣٸ˵ĴӦǸµģ˵˻¾蹷һϹҧˡҳĻô࣬Ϲ곶㵱еĻء
ܵȺҲŭĿüĵȫмͱӡ
̫ˣǿߵСķʷʴġĶԼģŮҲŮȻҲŮˣҲһһѽ˰Ƿء
ɲôʵҾùŮҲͦõǿ˼׼ҵŮһ˸ΪŮǺһ˲Ų˵˼һܻɻŴͷԡŮТ˳׼Ӳ˵ĸŮҲ޵ĺܺáÿڵĻȥϲʢ
뷨ͬǿ۾ԱңһĿˣһ񲻺ãǳ

۳ŷԼָ˷
Ʊ֮£Ҳ֪ͨ
¼һźίĿ޳
λңôİʵҲȫµһģҲԼĶŮֻǣֻǼ̫ˡû취֮£ҲŮ޳ȥҲи֮
ǣ֮ǰ̫ˣҲӦ׵ľŮǳȥͱһӡôţŮҲϵⰡңǰˡ
һ߿ޣһĨᣬʱۼɨСûɪڽǺڱɨʱŵҪ˺ء
Źļ󲽿ٵǰһѱסС۵һʹ
߰ҵ߶أˣĴأȥѾĺѾء
ʵҲþûˣһӹ¼ûͿԼڡ
ԭǰȥϵģɿӣСֲҡ
ھʱͷ
չĸŮģСǸСӡԼľַĵĿ
õ氮ܱԼﰮϧš
ЩһֱСõԸһֱԼ§ţͻȻ۵Ŀ޳
Ĺ¿ĳֻһ̾飬ƺ˰벻ҲȫûӵˡһƲɣȻְϡ
ĲᱻαˣСôСһѾͷôɶ£Ҳʶĵնġ
ðãá
˿ԭϷֱĸŮϵϷ룬һʱֻϷҲû취ٿ
˱˵ż¶ɢȥȵ˶ɢˣŰһĨСõͷ
¾ĿɫţŮ˿϶뷨ġ
ﰡˣǰҲԣҲӦð⼸СѾͷܡôҲܰѾͷưɡ
ŮˣҲĸף⻰ǵȻǺͬġ±ͷӲĻҪ֪ͺˡô⺢ҲģĹǶŮǺô˵Ҳϵ
ĨᣬСÿ޵ĳҭĿӣҲıӷᣬĨȥѾͷޣﲻãﲻáﲻǲҪǣⲻǵˡ
µĿһãⲻˡҪӲɣҪ˽ߡ
Ҫˣ²
ţˣܼôҲ⼸ѾͷӼȥšҲˣôţҲµŮҾͽߵˡ
ȻҲȥˣһ´߳
˫ɵĴ۾һֱȻϽЦݣЦݣȴŮĺİÿµġ
ǳԻҲ˲ϳǣǽŵĵųȻġĽ㣬㡭㡭˰
ЦĽ㣬ôȳ˵Ů˻Ҫ¡
ã߶ȻɨһſСá
СȻõİôҲȻĻġ
һȻɫҲĺܣ±кСһľܵ˳Ȼǰ㡣
ȻһСõͷſҪ˭ߣ
⡭ⲻ˵Կ࣬ǼȥôǼôҲԳŮ󻹱˵Ц˵ɨ¡˼˵Ůˣ˵Цء
ȻЦĸᣬȴ䡣
ͷСããһȥòã
ÿһɨһǸֺĸתܳӻ̡һֱغÿקߡһߣһ߻
ѾͷôڼҵĲҪΪǺãܰ۶Ĳ֪ôûͶ³ô֪һԺÿġҪĸ˻ȥˣԺǾԲġ

ȻССŰٿٵЦҲٸ


36 Ĳ

õ棬һûڣҾְֱɡʵ㣬ҪǺȥãǾԲܵġ߳¼ҵһҾҲҵˡ
û뵽ȻֱԼ֣ǰ⵱ĵİ˰ʶһ㣬ȫ
Ȼ,㲻ǰɿȻ⡣
žܴһ죬˶ɵˡһֱΧ۵ĴҲȥһţȻôΪʲôһҪȥ
ֳһƬңȻȴһקѴһ߶קȥ
ˣңһ⡣ӴԺҺǳ׵ûϸˡǣĸŮ
׵˵˰죬ЩڳԵߺߣѾӵģôƯ˿ô죿˵Ҫȥ˵
ȻЦźˣƽ˳ĿŮһ߰ɡû⼸ҲŮˣ۲Թˡҵã˼ҡ
һᵽңӿѾͷˡ߰ɣĸŮиҹģǼȥؼһߣӰȥ
Ȼҡͷ˵ĸԶˣҲһ𰾣ûҪһ𰾡ǣûǣǲԹ㡣Ϊû취ı䡣ֻŹǣһ·͵˵˰ɡҪ˺˭Ҳкô߰ɡܸǵӡЩʡŵãƻãܹһӵġָűܾȼǣܾȼԼԶ㱾ˡҲָٴһֵûô๦Ӧ㣬ٺǣϡ
ҳʱҶ㣬ûǷˡӻСҲҵ·ɣ㣬㻹һŮˣһĸ׵ķϣŹӣӴˣŹǡ
Źǣ˴һ·
Ŀӣû뵽ԼһȴõӡڽӴȻʹʱģЩĲġھΡ
һקסʾȥӽš
СԳȻһ˿ھҲʧҪӷϣǮˣ󻹵üױˡ
˿֣Ҫǵӡһҧ
ٸʮӴԺ޸ϵ
̰ĿӣֻţиӣԺԼܹĸáѾͷҲָܴõʲô
Ҫ˶ôǺãһκݵ˶ϡϣѾͷǮѾǺ飬㱨꣬ȻӦõġ
ˣһӾҪȥҪĸˡ
ߡˣʮҲãʡԺûû˵鷳ҪʮҲУĸŮϾϵǩ˰ɡ
Ȼתʰֽһʵдż̾顣
վһ߲ҰųȻӣеڡǳ棬һ˵ʮӵʣﻹ˷ܵİ
ǮЩǮһĻԼһ룬ϽקϾͶϾɣǽ㲻ҪǣǲҪǵġ
ȻҡͷΪǰ˵ĲԭɲǮġǣַ¶ҪТʱ϶ԼĳǰΥТռס
˰͵ռס˵ͨЩ顣
ԼҪдϣע˶ϾϵΪȻҪ֧ʮӣ֤ˣԼ˫ע󣬳ȻתӳǺͽʮӣһʮһӵǰ
ҲҺС塢СԺɶҲңҲдڣ߰ɣû֮ǰòʱ򡭡
㣬һֱŵġʱСúСôԶĽվ˳
Сÿ޵Ļģ޵ĵһҲûˡĽ㣬ףء
ССĺӣȻҲ֪Ϊʮӣǽˡ
§ſ޵ĵСãȻҲͦܵġֻöµĻš
ʮӣֻһӣԼû˶Ǯơ
һŲƵЦһ仨
ڿСó޵ʱɪһ¡ҪΪԼ绤䣬СȴͷһŤҲ
Сǳ¿ˮߣߣҲҪٿ㣬ǻŮˣŮˡ
ҲٿȥһۣٲߣҪԷ
ͳﻹڨЦţӻľˡ
ȵ˲ˣ²Ÿͷ۵ĿųȻ,Ѿͷôôӳ˵̰ĺܣһûˣ϶ֵ鷳ġ
ȻǩԼһҲ£һֽ֣ʮӣԸ
¿飬Ҳǣͳͨһֱ˵¶һļˣҲġô˵Тصġ¶ԷܲԣֻҪռ˳ֱʱСľôԿ
̾һҲͬȻ˵ģѾͷ㿴ĳԶһֽǩˡϰôأһֽ飬ʮӣܰЩ¶ˣҪңôҲܵġˣˣСãŪȥúõķˡûⲻͲôôţԺǳ޵ʱ򣬲ﲻһݵġߣʱһǽ޵ķġ
һ仰Ȼֻһ˵ġ浽ǽ޵ʱ֪µʱ俴һ仰ȴִŵһŵ
ȻʧһӣӴԺ֣ٵͳͨԼõ鷳ȻҲ˿±Ǿ͸ƴһġ
ߺĵڶ죬֪ζիҲ˺Ϣ
±ܺþһ㣬پͳԶ١
Ҳ˵ȫ÷±۳ȥ
ºˣºˣǿԷȥˡѽ֮ǰǵİ±Ĳظϵİӷ
һߵĳȻû֨ҲܺԵһʯͷ˵صӡ
ȻȴŵĺܣݵİڶİɣѾͷһ֣֪ûСѾͷ£ûвɹģٺ٣ŰɣԺǻҪǿʣҵȥʱǰѳƸҵðǰҵҲȥˣʱǼҲȥһȥ
ǣĵʹˡ


37 Ľ

۾һǣǿӽ°ܰȥһҲˡ
򲻿˼ĿˣһЦǣҾСطĲİǾǰӷءƬض˶뼷ȥ˵ǵĵطû찡ܼҵӣ˵ھҲֻС棬;ĴȣǾϲ̨ġ
ܼңһƬһĴ̼ҰֹһƬ˵⻴ܼҶǺܳ˼ءѽ̫ˣǿԵġҵǿ±⣬Ȱˣİ۰±˵ɡ
Լһ˵ԭȵҲգʵղ̡
Ǵʣһ˫۾Ӳӵģϵľõĸ
ǣˣһӵĿ꣬ǰôȥ
ܼҲܰ쵽ͲСģᣬһʱҪȥܶ
±ʮ죬ʮ죬ֻ˯Сʱ۾˷󣬱㿪ʼ棬ӣջ
⣬˻ϷæмС򣬵Ҳǲġ
һڹ˵Ҳٲ
Ľ֣ȻֻӴһ
һ±˶ʸû̯ϣˣټɡܴһˡȻ±ӡһƵʱҾֶһ㡣ǣĳŲס˰ۣء
СӲϵĺţĳȻ˺ǺǵЦҲû˵ˡΪʮĸǿȼޣͰڵƣ۲
ȻסθĲʣ֣ˣҵüȥȥɽͲһȥɡҪ˯ȥˣ
ƤŲȫ˰ŻŻ֢״ˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥ¶
һصСɽԼļңȻ´ͺ˯
СҲ֪ǵĴۻˣʵĲȥ
ǣ˻ССһǣȥͬĽ
Ӵĳ¼ҵģŰãҲˣ϶
Ľĸ̾ļ֮ɫǺڵġҪ֪Ǵ棬ĿǰΪֹţģҲֻҡ
⣬˳Ȼһء֮ǰĶңҲֻжͷţ
໻ġС˷ܵʱ⣬ϲǮʱǾǿҵİȫС
̾ѣСҲûģԺ˵Ļ
СӼҼҵûǴǲһ
һ˵ʱģе˾Ϳʼ˼
ѽ¼СѾͷأСǰɣܸܲһǮҿⲻһӦò׬ɣ
СҪشСһãȥ
Ľ˵ģ飬õ͵̫ߡҪôҲ֪أǲ˼ңһõ͵
ֻСûע⵽Դǰǣ󣬴м˫Ǽҡ
ڣǼ˫̰ۣǶϵתšɫĶԹмܼܵסɫաء
ǮС׬ġС֪˵Ҫ뿪
ǣȵ̧ͷʱȴǰкһȺ˶ء
һʱ䣬СѾͷСĲ
ëɫͷĸҪ꿪ˣһдʱȥڴĹ֣ǲǴСء
ǰһλߣ۾һֱϣһ߿һߵš
Щһ˵ĽİȫϡССҲˣǵ˺ܶ˵ļʣ
ҪȥˣλǮĲǮҲװǽ۵ڻſڴءСధÿ·
Ͼûһ˻ǳ˵Ļˡ
ˣˣÿһ㡣ٿ۲ĺݡбԼҲȥȥ˼ҹ¶ѸҲǮǺֺýŵզͲˡڵķɩӿôһȺΧСϽߺ˵˵˼
ԭҲеĸˣһ˵˵ҲֻҲſЦ
ӴǷҵء˵㲻ĽŹأҿ϶Ҳҵĵжá
ǿɲͷɻҲ㣬ŻϸⲻĽôУҲԼġҪǱ˵ľ޹ʽҼңһϡҪءһС˼׷ҪծһҪİ̤ʵգϽȥ¸۲ҿģб¾Լȥ
գĲûΣϽβȥɡ
ҼһŻأѽȥء
˾Ҫɢȥȴһվ˳
ǣѾͷվס
ڵĺУŵĽ²ѡСŵĲľקס֣㣬¡
ڴһϷ뿪
ǺһΧ˹
ס˲ǱˣǵΪһֻѼµСô˵ҡԴ
һԴЦ˱㵱ˡ
ӴⲻԼҵô㲻庢ӣҲء˵ѾͷˣһҪǮһ
ǾǰϽ˵˵Ҳһ⹫
ɩüͷǰ̧°͵һͣס˼С϶û¶ġ
Դһεļ˼ȥʳٴ˼Ҷ¼ҵȻʧִ㼦ôҲǱϼ۸ԸһЩǮġҽסС¶أסˡҪİѵԴͳȻһйڵ¶ҲѴǣ¶Դ˼Թء
Դһ׺ݵĶŷɩӣҵ¬ĸˣ۴дˡǶǮǼµǮءߺúõµ˭ԸȥˣԭӦüӱ⳥ġ㷽ҵʲôˣ˵ޣ˵Ҳ֪ЩС˼СġҪ˵£ɲǼŵ¶Ҫ˵ģ¹ȫ˵Ĵ¡
أͺĳ¼ҵйϵ
һָָŲԶС塢СŵС۵Ŀ
㣬¡¡Ҫôôˣء㣬ô졭
ɩԭǲٶ˵ģԴ˺ŵĹǺûסͰס˵Դ˵¶˵¶ָˡôˣǾɶ¶Ҳӡڵָ˺˵ɶ¶أҶɶģޣһоôģһǿϲԸǽӽôɣҪҲôϲѾͷҲҲϲţ
ɩһҲǲ˵ġ
ĺƽϣҵģһ¸ǽһ˵¶СԴŷɩӣһص


38 û

ֵҲڴӺ棬ҲҪ֪⾿ǳɶ¶
˵ԼҵģϽ¶˵զ¹ȫˣ˵Ҫԣǳ¼ҵȥ
ǰǰ˵¶⹷Ƥ¶ҷһ߶ȥ¶أٸгҶûˡ
˴ߵļˣԴŻһۣ׺ݵС塢Сϡ˵ǰʱɽڵʲôͻȻ
׺ݵģԼͱ˵ĴСŵ۴СȻûޣҲŵ˵ֻǽ§Լøİŷɩӡ
˵첻˵Ͱ¡˿鲻ԣͺվԱߡ
СŵľͲûεС壬£˵ҪԼǣߣڻƵ˼͸קס
ǡֻɽһЩĥ󡭡ûûɻ°
ħʲô
ɶ񶼲ħǸɶ໥ѯʡ
û֪󶼰Դϡ
ǰʱֻ⼸û¾ɽڻһһĶʲôģҲֻ֪һ㣬ԴǶ˾ܵȥ̯ӣ׬ǮšɽǴɽŰһµ˼ңûҵķݶء
ָǵɽ׬ǮˣһôۿŰɣ
ɩǿˣ飬ԴһûթǮ˼ҷˣۺҪĶȫˣҳ¼ҵ鷳̬ҲÿءƣɩӽСȥгȻ
¶ûڲƽˡ
Ȼ֪СȥгȻ,ҲûϾСҪǮҪģǵôӳȻҨ
˵أŰãȻͷ˲ƣһǳ꾫һ˹˸ɶءûɽֵǮĶȥ۰԰ЩǴһģַƵ飬һ˶ռˡǮط
ԣǮط
һʱ䣬ǶǵĺС۾ȫдźڵ̰
סô̰ĵӣСҪǷɩӷţֻͿ޵ڵء
ڼ˯Ļ찵صĳȻСҡʱûôզ¶
һںԺĻƼӣС޺סҲʲ˳
զģզģǲţСɶ¶ˣզ޵ôأƼӸϽѯʣţϻǰǣС쿴ǲơ
СĨᣬϢһקסȻ㣬㣬ǣӲ˵Ƶ¶˵ϡɽ˴ĶȫѽΧţǡҪء˵ˡ
̫Сȫ˵׳ɶ¶
Ȼһߴ£һϣļˣһͷѣţϸϽǰһסⶼأ¼¶ⲻŵôھȥҲ»вĵطƽ޹ʵľͰҪߵġ
е׿ܻеƣΪëľǱⲻ֮İ˽ɶҲд˵԰Ǻ˽ġ
ǹŴǰƴһƬأмʶĴмŵ˵ܷܶȥ˼ңٵĿеĴѹͲ˼ҡ
ֻǳΧŴתĴ񣬼ʶҲô˽ҲͲ⡣ֳԲ˵ᣬۺǮ¶Ƕ޾
ûߵʱҲĽʺһ¾Ͱˡһ˵ߣİͿ˽ְ
Ҫ˲ƲΪУǰ˸磬ű˱ԼۣŻŻýˡɿɣ˱һĲء
Ҫˣǿֻһˣһʩͬ˼ҵӡ԰ɰգҲƿصġܵĥ
Ȼ÷չܿ죬ʵŮ˵ַѾܿˡϾִŷḻ֪ʶִˣǶֻǶ˽һЩ֪ʶ
Щ֪ʶڹŴĳͷأ±̣飬ʵҲǺѵġΪǰӵбûмʶģûһЩ
ҪԽŮҪһƬأʵҲͦѵġϾڹŴ棬ô򵥵¶
˻⳶˵˽ô¶ˣҿǼСȻȻô鷳鷳ҲķģڽҲá
˵ˣСٺٵ˵һİƤ¶ʲô¸˽СѰ֮ġ
ȣ浣εĽɫʱǸһġں沿֣غҵ¶ϾŮˣҲüǲˣ϶żҵһ˵ȰŮһ̨Ϸһ࣬ң¶϶ġ
ҪģСȻȻС׻ҲǣһֺһĴڣ¸¡
:
ϣӭķɩӰ龭򵥵˵һȻ˽Ĵ¾
飬Ҳ׼ģֻû뵽˵Ŀ졣ϾխĵطĶǺ׹ĶҲ˽ġ
ȣ͵ÿôȥգôȥġ
侲Ĵ˼ڣȻ첽ǰ滹ڿСȥ
һĽˣһӾ;Լϣɽ
ֱȻսһ˲䣬ôӽϣԴϵ˼ᶨšη壡
ԭģƽðվڽߣСҲţϻ۾ηɫĽ㡣
Ȼ񵭵ɨȫĴ˶ӵĿ
Щ̰ԥȷҰġ
иӵģﶼܿ
ǣҲڴϵŮӣİƴĶ쵰Ưܶˣ˫˵۾ƽʱЦСеġһȴֻԺųĿڳˡ
ɫ촽һǳǳĻȣһĨǡ
˵ǰʱɽڶ¶˭˵أڳۣ
ȻЦЦԴϡ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰŵԴڿȻʱĪľЩš
ǱȻôЦЦĿţֱ㿪
ֻǣôĴáңҲõġ
ǡңǰʱ俴ɽ˲ٵĶǻҾɶġû뵽˶ûǾȥϰ̯ڳһֽĥڵĶЩɽϵĶȫ˵УЩɽû֡㣬ǲŴˣЩǮƣ㲻һ˶ˡԡ³
Դ˵棬ȻеţҲֱ׳˲١ǹɽûֵĶǴһвƲ
ȻԱҪƾɽϵĶƣŶҲûС
ȻһҲԼҪԵʲô⡣˵ˣռȫν棡


39 궯

˵һ㣬ǾһԱôƾŴĶ˲ơ¶ڴһλסϣܻ˵ͨһ㡣ƷĴˣҲᱻ˵ĵġģģԼû㣬ûзʱ˷ˣۺ첡ᱬ
ڳˣҲСӣģǴһ︾ˡ
Զһ߼æ
Ҳǰôһ¹ȫش¶϶Ҫġ
Ҳ˵ҲӦɽϵĶô˽ĸԴȻ˵ȻࡣڻŵЦݡ
򶨵ӣĴЩµĻţСԼԩ˼ɶɶһġǾɶҲ˵
ԾôųȻԴʡ
ǣԭͲӦ˽ȥɽϵĶЩȫ˵ġҪڣԣѷ˵ȫ˶ԷƣԴҲͣҲˡ
ֳвԼأʡģЩ˵ҲŷƵġ
ʱҲˣϱҲһŵġֻһδϱûǰһӭϳȻ侲վڴߣ̬ķչ
ľҵϱҲ˵һءھ֪ȻǴ壬˽ϹɽЩʲôҪķ˲ƣЩ飬ҲӦúǴһµġô˵ЩɽϵĶҲǴе
˸ͣ¹شԼʱ϶վһߵġ
ȵ˵ˣȻŲһЦ
ŶҲ˵ԱӦɽɽϵĶ˵ǴκһȥˣҲǿġҼǵãҵһʱ򣬾ڴ仧˵İɡôڳҲˣ
ʵɫףǡɶ仧仧˵ģǡ㲻Ǳˣ⡭ɽ֣Ӧһݡ
⻰Ҳܰ곶ȻЦĺܡ
ðɣҲ˵ЩɽϵĶȷʵǲӦڵģʣҲˣҪ³Ҫֻȥ˵ЩҪҳǮ˲
һãǮˡ
Ǻء
ҿͲǮˣ˵Ƿá
ҪǮɡǮá
ѽûҪô˵¼ҵҲǴ˼ң˼Ұѷ˵ǳƽ
˫ΧҪǮҪӣһʱ䳶Ƥ
ȻֻǵȻվһߣ侲ĿЦĴҲ룬ӣ˵һ˵Ǯֵô㣿
ҲھҪӻҪǮ¶ѰҪǮɣöۡҪأһ˼ҹ˵õķӣʱٻͷ˵ҵķӾģԼãҺ£
һʱ䣬˶Ϊ¶ǳȻ˫һֱֹ̧֣ͣ˴ҵĳ֡
ˣˣҿȥģҲ˵仰һԸأǾŰɡ
ͣȫ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ЩɹĺڲףȻĸ̾ⶼڵİ˵˵ȥ֮˽ֶڵġ
ϣҲһô
֪Ǿˣָ⣬Ǿãҿ϶׬˲ٵǮ׬Ǯ٣ûҪһ͸¶İɡ
˵ɽϵʳģһҳϣǰʱҺɽڵĶȷʵĥڵĶĿһ£û֮ǰɽħǲȥעЩۺȴҪǮ⣬ȫµĴô˵ˣӣҵİɣκһλķӣóṱ׳ҷֵ
˱ʵеΣȷʵ¶Ҷ׵ĺܡиɶطֵģ϶óóˣǻɶط
ͱ磬Ǵر͵ңóرطôᣬҪóˣ϶رͳۡ
ǴҵģζܲһƵģԸҵط׳Ҳǲܡ˵ΪɽǰںĶȴ׬ǮˣҪǮҪطǲġһ֣¡
еԵıʾͬԴģڿȫ˶֨ҷǺйڣҾͺ㿹ˡ
ǻܣطȻԸ⽻Ƿ˵Ҳˡȫ˵ĹͬƲôҲøǮɡҲҪˣ͸ִͺã˵ˣ͸ʮٰģȫ˻ҲͰ¶ҹȫ˵ĲƲҳ˶ʳȥ
ʮٰǼ˲ǴҲӣҪʵǶࡣǣӶֲ࣬ԼҳȻԽ࣬Ǿ͵õĸ࡭
֪ȻռԩͷҲ֨ġ
ʮٰӣ˼һëǮҲǡΪû¶ƾʲôҪǣ
˱סԴӴӴаͰ߰ɡ
ΪʲôҪߣˣأҲúˣ㵽Ǻ˵˵ƾʲôΪҪߣ
ԴʵЩգһľƾʲôƾ㲻͵ðߡ
ȡȡһڵԽԽء¶ǵȥ˵˼ҲʵĹ˷˵صģԴ˵˰߾Ͱ߰Ժ֣ǻҪá
ˣȻ̬ǿƵĺܣ¶ֽˣôûˣҲȰ˵
ˣˣһģ˵ôĸɶء
˭¼ҵİ˵Ҳ׵ģһһЭһ¶ôɡҿȥҲǸ¶
ȻҪľ⻰ء֮ǰ֮һֱòΪģڵ̸СΪԼĿǰԣҪôһëΣеѡǣԸٴ档
ִĴǣֻҪãһѷĵҲΪԼ
ûһģ˵ôļ⻰ɶأǮһ׬лһɡҳȻСһڴﰲ仧Ҫֵ϶ǲ׵ġŷչҵ׬ЩСǮôҲӰɡǻģѲɻܻȥ
һʵϵĻ˴ҵͬ
ңһѣҲ˼һ˵ĸˣٴСڴﰲңѰЩд˼˼ңҲʱĳԲůģ죬سԵصġ
һճɲˣںҲܶ˼Ů˼Ǯô
ڴ˵ģٶȷģǺ˼ҶССҲͺࡣͳȻ̸Ҳ׵ĸһһġ


40 ׷

ɽħķӣҿԹ׳λԸϽȥۣҲǿԵġǰҵôкһˣɲԹҵġ
һ˵ҪṩӣǼˡٿųȻһˣǾ͸ԼҹŮһİĲˡ
Ȼҡͷ԰ҪԱ񣬻治Ǽٻһ棬Щ˶Լ˳ޡ
ħֶأ۲ãҲԼԡӣͲ˵ˣɼҼңҾֳħ¶˵ɡ棬Ҳ뿴Ůˡ
Ȼһָ쳤ĽζԴǺڵ֮顣ǽ㼸ɽħҪôнһӵ¶
ҪҲڽ챻ƵİѷóǲţֻǴ£Ҳò
ΪҪ͵ò̫˺ޡҪó÷Ҳнġóʾҿ׵ķϲóġ
һʼǱʱһķٰѷóΪ˶Ӧ顣
ɾǰһڣһڵѣٰѷӹ׳ͱ˴Ƕм㣬ĺáҲټǷ˲Ƶ¶
˼޵飬ԺҲǲɱģ취ɡеԣҲһС
ȻǰȸС
ĵõ˷ӣȫ˵뿪
Ȼʱ򣬲ǴǵķۡٿʱҲ;ࡣ
Դǲеġ෴ģԽǣԽᡣ
ǳȻ˵ȻҪԭûᵱİȻȻһָǸСʹһ
ڱȻͬʱҲǿЦˡ
ߵǣ¶ؼҺԼһᡣ˵ջĳƢ
ⲻʡĵǼС¶Ҫزš׵ģ˵˵ô¶ΪʲôΪʲôԺһҪҪˣһҪҪ
ôŽŵĳϷ˸лˣޣԴ˼ҲͰ㵱С󿴴ˡʡĵﰡȥû취ˡ
Դûõο˳һ٣һв˵ȥпܻ롣
ԭͲƽȻϳԼˣģȴ϶һԼ˿˳ȻԲŻųȻüء
ѴǴˣţϻæǰųȻѽٶң˵⡭ԭͲ˻ﰡɫҰײҰףϽȥϢȥҪɶô
ŵĳȻ,ȫĺܡǿġѣĺܡ
ţһţȼһȣһˡ
ţϿȼ졣ŵĸϽ˽ųȻȥ
ôˣôˣϽҴҪۻô죿һû޵ŮӣҪ¶ʱ۳ëԺɾǸ
ţϳųȻȼĵ죬ϵץͷӶһ·ң˲ٵѪ
ˣ£ȥСĸؼȥ
ţһС塢Сſۡ
Ƶ§ˣû£ûµģĽ¶ġţڣ϶¹
ⰲο֪൱Ĳ԰ס
һ³ȻƼҵıȥĴ
Ǻ°ϲء϶ȻֻСԼһġ
ţϺͻƴǾϲɫһ䡣
ţϸƴ˸ķ졣ƴģһ㰵ʾҲ֪ģԼȥס򣬵ųȻ˵¶
Ͼһû˵Ůˣȴˡ¶鷳µĺӣҲܵ˵⣬Ҫô
ˡ
ţϿ㯵ĳȻ,ǸŮӣеֻԺ֪⣬ҲʵķӦ
ңɩӲòȰһ䣬һºӣ˵ĵġϼңǷ飬пܻᱻ
ӡĲʱ򰡣
ţһᣬôԺеĳȻ˲ѹǰǹŴŴǲδӵ¶
ִδӶױ˰ѱǴãԼ˵ĸҪô˵֮ǰʹ˵ǷڼΪŴΪѣԲŰġ
Ȼȴͦ˸ӣԵĻˡҪôܽ͵͸
СңҸ֮ΪסλϴҪ˵ȥԺİ취
ţϱϾ˲ٵ飬ԼĽ顣
ãһӣȥλҪ˵ȥһ취ģҪǲҪ
һԼصҨţϣʹ˵
ţϳȥ¶Ȼڴϲ֪ԡȻ֮ǰŻµʱ򣬱㻳ǻˣǴһ˿ңֻԼԻ˶µġ
ϾܸʱǺ˱İҩˣôỳУ
ʵĺ˻ҡѲɣܰӵôǱҲֱЧ
뵽⣬ȻһߣҡͷСԼҲ̫ɶˡʱ򣬻˵Ĵ͸ǿȼޡж㣡
һҪȥһ·ܴܲɶ¶
ʧЧֻһܣΪ󣬸ǾĲߣ˽ԸĻҩȻǸǹˣٻߣǸ˹ҩˡ˻˭
СߵĿԺٰϾ̫̫ôĵȥ¶ɣ˵ֵܰܽǣܻΪɢҶЩˣͲҪӲźءôΪ룬ı
ֻʣһܣǾԼȵıпǱ͵Ļ˼ҩ飬ֻҪҵ˽һ£ҩ˻˭Ҳˡ
⺢ӵ¶ҪҪܰ˵
⺢зݣˣˣͲ˵˰ɡǣҪǲҪأ
뵽һ⣬Ȼŷˡ
ָŶӣ棬ĻһС
㯵ʱţϴ
Һ͵ҵĺλϴ˻Ҳӵ˵ãȻҲڼҹû뵽ǰߣźžΪ㡣
ʵû취˲Ű˳û˵ĸ˻ˣ¿µĺӣҲ˵ˡʱ⺢Ҫֻ»˼ԡ
ţʹĿġԾĻû˵ġ
ԲĶӣȻ֣⺢ӡˣţҲǻ˵ģʱ㿴ҪϴҪΪūҲܵˡ
Ҳĸˡ⺢Ӵµӡ
ĸˣŶӺô󰡡Ҳ˵ĸºҵĶҲˣ


41 

Ȼ֣ĸţԲԲĶӡ棬һС鰡
̸ִֻȴûӡʹ֮£ȴС
Ҫ⺢ҵģȻˣΪʲô
ţϿᶨ޻˵ϾҲٴӣҲǱȻġ
ڶ죬˵˵Ľ̵ôħһϣǰҲзɩӡ
ȻҲûʹһͰħôôòľҵ¶ȫ˴ҡٱʱҲˣǼмĲߣǳ߲Ϊá
˵˷ȫ˳ĻؼҪ顣
һ˴ˣȻʰ˶Сȥ
ŸСȻǰĲ¥š
ûһС¥ϴҴææ
һ˷ܵĴһѾͷʱɰˣϽ˵ǰʱȥˣôò˼ңҲ֪Һ㰡
Խļ΢΢ˣȻ֪ʱ϶ǹļõġһʱ仹ôأȥСҪˮͰˡûԽԽչء
СһͲˣһ磬ҪҲŲҪһء˭ҪҰ˼ҲûôǰչѾͷʳѾͷĻʳ̫˵㣬ҳ⼸¾ͳ˺ö⡣ˣҡʲôɣ
С۾ڳȻ,˽ģҵʱûôԼңǰ¥ġ
Ҳûʲô¶Ҿʣǰʱʲ˭
С۾ɻĿ'ɶʲµˣλҵôǰʱ䰡롭ǰʱҵˣҶġǳɶ¶ɡ
һᣬȻеӡˡҵģ˵ͷҲǸūšҶӿɲˡ
˵ԺζȫûǮܻЩаķ
ƣԼı֮Գ¶ˣҲҵĶӸˡ
Ŷֻһ£ûɶ¶ɣ
°аءһ˵ԣС˷ܵˡ
ָ֡һ飬үȨˡǲ֪үһȨһЩѾͷūǣҲմءүһѾͷӣõģö˶뼷ϧǲ֪ǣү˺ֱģŲµū£ҪЩаֱߡֻʵ¶ſԴߵġ
Ȼһ裬Цӯӯ߶߶ҲףСԼǰܰ
Ҳų˵СϢ
Ҫ˵үȨ¶ͦģҲ˺ü⼸λүҲ˺һӣǼүˡȻǱϵȨ˵Ҫλãÿүıˡ˵ҲһʱС
ǵһ顣ڶ¹үġ
˵ڶʱСɫЩԥ
óȻֲõĸСȻһЦǲ˸үˡǡֱүҪ֮ģ
Сɫ¶¡Ȼֲɵӣһ
СѾͷܲܲҪôûڸһŮˡŮͷС˵̫үԶֶŮҲ̫үֶŮһҪһ˼ң֪ôŵģʹǼүϡ
ǰЩ˾Ͱ̫̫ȥȾͻȻٻʱһɹŮλɹŮסүڵԺء
Сһ˵Ůӣüëܳһš
ǲ֪Ů˵ƤӴүͳ¶үԺ찡ôҲүֶŮɣզôûûƤء˳ҲףҪˣⲻ̭ô
Ȼ۵Цҡͷ˼ôףҲסɡ
椣ԼŹ˵İɡ
ٺ٣Ѿͷ㲻ͺá˵ĻŮ˳Ҳ治̫ġ룬мζİɡǶϲϷǰһ˵ģܶµӡ˺󣬶ūſˡЩŶ
֪ˣΪǹأʵ̫ү˵ֶŮ˵ҲֻһС̻˼ңҪôļӡ
˵ү飬˵һ¸¶ɡ
һ飬ǸүһλǧȻүϷҲĲˡ˵ҲְܸӣɵΪֹȫѾͷûһǶӵġ˵Ҫ˭һ˶ӣͨѾͷģϷҲᰮļϵġ
һȻ־΢΢ܸȱٵģѽ
м飬ҲĴ¶
˵ֲ֣Ǵүͱ̡̹˱ģǰʱȴ˻ˡ
ǰλˣд̡һ߶˵ĵģүһŭ֮£Ȣҹˡ˵λﻹǳƯ绨һ˶ء
ôµʱ䣬ˡҲɲ˵˭Ҫ͵ţ
ȵСｲˣŷֶĳȻɫ쳣ѿȫҲ΢΢Ĳš
ѾͷôˣСŵĸϽҡ
ûûʲôм£ȼȥˡСҸ㡣
ţ߰һлû˵أпҪˣһһֱڸġү˼һЩܼ飬Ļû˵ԺҪм¶ңҲ۷С֪ҵȥġ
ʧ뿪ĳȻСҡͷѾͷ͸˻һģôˣ
Ȼ֪ȻʲôֻԼܸ
ܸһԼ£ֻµܰһ³С˵λһ
Ǹҩˣȴԩ͵ˡ
⺢ӣһԼŰɡҲһ˲䣬Ȼˣ⺢ӣܸ֪
ˣ¶ҲͲپᣬҲòһ飬ǾôܰѰס֪⺢Լġ
ΪԼ⺢һԼǸ˵ĸˡ
ң¶Ҳȥж¡˵ˣ¶Ҳᱻ˵ġ
һŮ˵ǲ£ɺأѵһ͵ñ˵
⺢Ǳܸ֪ò²⣬϶ǴɵġĿǰܸҪѺֱӽߣǺ׵¡


42 Ե

˽ĵģҲӲӦ֪ܰ˱Ů˺˵ǽܵġΪԵʵȻҲԹ
ðɣ⺢ӣ֪
صȻҵţϡ
ʱһе¶ɡһЩƣ͵Ƕൣŵ
һ治̫ˡСµϣϧ
ڴϣŶʱʶԼҪء
һԼСӣһֺСѾͷСӡ
ֻҪ뵽СȻЦĺϲ£졣
ҹ˸ΣȻһԿɰ̥ܵߣһһֺСֶ
ȻҪȥСӣһߵѾͷίקס۸ңʱǰѹţҲҪ㱧硭аӦȳģٶȿ˵㡭۲
أСҪˣһߵѾͷĳ
ڳȻ൱ͷ۵ʱһߴӰԶ˭Ѿͷ۶⣬Ȼˣѯʡ
ǡʱ˶Ҳ̧ͷƵ񣬿ĳȻһ졣
ˡ΢Цһ
֣ίӣˣӦõᡣֻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴ˵ӺŽͣ˼ҡǵᣬֻǡ˭ǵ𣿡
ܰûشԶִһϽѺǽӻһͨѾͷҲ˽ܸĹ⣬
һȻŵҲ˲ϱģӺѾͷһ߶ܡ
κΣ׼ԽԽΪ׵̫̫¶׹⣬źǵ񣬾ǿһ
ӡҵĺӡӣջǱ̫̫ߡ
ȻĲϵģѺӹ黹Լ
ǣֻ̫̫ЦţŻĺӣĶšﰡ̿ɰء
ܰǺӵĵ㣬Ѻӻҡ̫̫ţȻϽܰȻʱһλ浾ŮߵܰߣѻڿֵѾͷ𣬡๫⺢һᵱŮŵġ
߳΢΢һЦһ˱ԽԽԶ
ӡҵĺӡӡѾͷ
ٶңٶҡѡѰţҡŰѱŵĳȻҡѡ
ҵĺӡǳ¡ţɩӣҪΪұѽŴӶѹĳȻһԵţϵĻʡ
§ŻŮӣţŸСʱٶңǸʮŮӡչ飬Ǹĺء
˵¶˵ȥ¶ҺҵҵģͷһٸİɡҲỤģһвҪģѽҪľǱöСһǡ
˵˻ȻƽʶԼʧ̬Сܲ˼
ѽϹ룬в¶ôȵˣҲʧ̬ʱ򡣰˵Ҳ̫̫ںˡ
˵˻Ȼų˯ȥ
һʼԼŵĴ
ҲܲţϾͻȻʧ٣ҲǺ¶
ԴӰĢķ̸˺Щ˵Ҳҽü鷳
෴ģΪһ飬˶ǸǺⲻͳ緹˶趹
ǰԼҵķϱһݣȻϽӹ룬ɩӣզôأԵ㶹ǵĺá
ţŹ룬ȥһߵڿϴ˸һ߶
ȻԼϱ
Լϱе˵Ҳϸ
ҲûɶóԵģͼԼ˵㶹ˮǼҼҲͬĥŪĶ˵
ġȻЦ˵ţһ뵽Լ͵ݲˡţϣ㣬ɩһݲˣεݲζͦģ̼ȥʡ
ʵҼҶݲˣݲˣҲġеݲζɫáеģݳľζǳˣߴζ
Ҫ˵˼ңҲһЩݲ֮ľ͵ˡϾݲ˷Ρ˼ģֻǼһΣžͺáȻһΣüӴϣһЩ֮ġ
ݲˣζʼõİͷܲݵˮݲ˵ɫҲޡ̳ʱ򣬹ζԼϱĵ¿ˮ
ĽĿųȻӼݲ˶˳ɫѹĢҲ˵ĳɹʱǼΪĢһ룬ҲɷЩˣɫҲ˵㣬ǶֺǵĲء
Ǻǡͺã۴ӵˣٵһ˰ɡһ˵ЩȻҲĵʡ
ţϰæţڼŵʱӶˡ
żҲһ´˵¶ҲǸǲ¶
شӣ۴вȥĢءѽûһ˵ĢܻǮö˶ºĵȥڡԴ仨ҡڵ϶ˡûƽʱ޲ﲻɻġȫ˿ʼĢڿĲˡ
˼һֻôͲˡһڵϣͷһˣ⵽ϣŻѵȥ۴˰Ǻݾһҡͷءϱһ˵Լɩӣ㲻ϵҡͷʱʱģһ
ȻҲĳһӴôأҲλɩҲܸӴȫڣɽϻĢ󣿡һɽĢֲȫȥڣ϶ڲ˶ٵġ
Լϱһ죬ɲô͹ڷ⼸ȥʵڣɽһĢҲҲˡǼҲһ㣬һЩ֣׼棬ľ͵Ŵ˵Ķʱ˵ϵЩֺõζڡ
ȻȻ֪ΪڵʱĢʱ˵ôˣǶĢóȥۣгϵļǮ϶ҵģʱһ࣬۸ͼ
ǵȵˣŶʱ̴һĢ⡣
ʱҲǳǳ˵һһĵˣҲʱλϱҲֳģ벻ĵļ⸾ˣ˹ĵأҲǺһˡ
ϻۻеģݣĿǰ˵˼ңû̫ĻӣȻҲ˽ύ֮⡣ϾԺҪũ֣϶ҪĲٵġ
ӣҲһˣ¼˵ˣû¾ﴮ¡ۼҼӿϲˣ˵㿴žͿǼСģ˵ֻǺ˵ϼ仰ҲġǺǣ㿴Ե治Ǹǵġ


43 ǰ

ȥʱϺǺǵ˵һᣬҲǷĵġ
ӣƯϱʰĶɾֲ˼ǻģöຢӶǰվϡͼģҲܺСϱ˵ϼ仰һ㣬ȻҲ֪ġ
ԼϱŴˣɩҲȻţһۣԴǼҽĢ󷽷ܻкöԡ
һ붹һ⳴ɶĲˡ
ȻĲˣпܲ˾Ӷ࣬ʳ٣ЩȫǺõĳֵһЩˡ
ϾǶֻǸһС⣬ٳһˣֻҪһ¹մӣ൱󡭡
ɩôأɶóԵľҼҶˣȥѾͷ޲ˡȻЦӭȥӹɩӵݹð롣
㣬һôҲûɶóԵġˣղҿԼҵҲˣ
Ű˽УҲһĲˣҲۼ˵ȻЦŷɩ£־Ͱһߵ˵
ΪԼҵĻе֪¶ϱҪ˵ԼҲϱ֪һЩǸϴ󰡣Ŀˣⶼ˵ˣӣҸ㣬۴Ҫأһ˵ˣɩüɫһµӡ
ˣܵȫ˵עĿءȻüҲźʣŶô˵
Ҹ㰡Ǵǰʱ䲻м˵ôҶĵû޶ȣѼȫȥˡ˵ǰҲǴĸԣ˼ңһ°еһȥǸСׯҲȥˡ˵ǼҵĿǸ˼ҾղƲİ˼ҽءŶǰǸطӽ촫ĻǼ˲ôϲڵĵػ׼ضһСլء
ȻҲȤˣӴɹڵأǮȻΪβãҪĵΡ
ɩһĴȣǿɲôһ˼ңڰ˼ǮǮԸء˵͵ҵػء
߶ЩģɩӱżϻȥʱȻҲţϸɩװһյҲѧġ
Ʒ಻ɩֺǵĲС˵ӣ˾˵˵һ㻹ǵٶһȥ
ȻϣɩӴʵϣҲǻҲǸԵģǸֶء
ɣҲҼȥˡɩֺŶȥ
ȻЦҡͷˣԸǷ˼ҵġ˼ң飬ÿͣû˵ġ˼ңҲ
ҵӺù࣬ȫûҪռ˼ҵıˡܰﻤţǾͰﻤŰɡ⼸죬ú˼ȥܰء
ų±ǮûջȻɶʱȥʡ
⼸ϢҲ໺ʱȥҪǮء˵ӭСһĵׯҪһЩӦõõء
棬ţɩ֧ţҪһЩأҲǿеġϾҪأҲ˵Ҫеġ
˳Ҫ¶Ȼȥϳһȥ
ڶһ磬þɽ
ڼͦãһǣȥȫ˱ĽĲˡ
Ϳëɫˣͷûư·ϣ˴ڵϺϺһ㲻Ȼ߶߶
ţүҺͽɾĵĿأԵĲãⲻִȥءСõһһүģϺеЦˡ
ţүҺͽɾĵĿأԵĲãⲻִȥءСõһһүģϺеЦˡ
ȥȥɣӣء
һ·ǰϴҵĶкš
ããߣҴȥˮģǱ߿ĿʱɩӵĴӣʮ߷ܹ
ˮһˣǣľǴ֡
԰԰ǲˮأϽǱߣȥ
ӿֿŵָһƬطǶֻҪ˨ţҲˡط棬ֻҪ̫ƧĵطҲᱻ͵ߵġһϣ绹㲻
СÿָĵطǶܿ˨ĵضġСõͷ˨һߣǲˮȺȥ
طȻãҲԲ˵㰡ȥʱһ̵ҡͷԣһܲӡ
ҪͿǱߵİɡʱһŮӵȻָһ³ȻסƬط
һƬլأֻҪҲܽᡣ
ǰ˶̣ϵڿյ˼ת˵һЩʲô^ϡ
طãһ˱㶨˾ȻҲԶĵط
긾һ˵ԣһȺӣڿյϴ˵ػ
ûһ˰ѵؽϣӵĴģͣҲʯ˳
ֵһ긾Ůк˿
㣬ôأǲھӰûСúá
ţղû˵һǺôȻִһ㣬˼ҿ϶ӵİھҲãԺӦСѹӦ˵ʱʱɨǸˡ
ʱǸ˰ģҪʵ£кСúӼȥ
໥һۣСõҲ壬ǣСðһǰա
ԽǿǸ˵ЦҲԽĴȺ͡
СýĴͷԺ˸ܵŴ󷽵ӡԲ΢ڣһ˫ִִŨüٿҲҲǴţҲǸׯ˼ҵĸˡ
ǹ߸Ǳǻ˼ҶЩʲôˣôǸ˰һֽŵǹɳݵС
С÷ָӼ󣬱Сһۣµռ
պãָǼʡ
Ŵͣһߵʹ˱ǿۡľֳ
Ȼ˼ѽǻ˼Ҿ椶Ǽء˿ڼ򵥣ΪĺãǶϲһء
Ǹ˿û뵽һʣʵİĳżϻڻҨһǹѽ⻹Եءû뵽һھӣ˽һˣԺҲܷദºˣһʹúãѾͷǣЩ̸ǵģֻʣһ㣬ȥ˰ɡ
óİϵǹҨˣЩ˼ͷӺã˼ҪҪǰҪòƲ˼
̿ˮҲΪѵĿáʵҲ棬Ҫ棬ҽǹġ
СһˣϽ֣¿ˣЩŸ˰ɡ޶࣬۲ܶݶסԺھӹϵǶʵˣԺɶҪæģ֨һġ


44 ̽

СôҲʮĺӣʱͳȻһ̯ʲôģ⻰Ҳ˵ģġ
ĸһϲֺǲӲǹ棬ţǻءҼҲиԴһİСӣ컹Ǳ߶ʰԺ󰡣ͺһ
ǸŽѯһ֪ﻹи󣬱˵һҪʽһھӡҲ߳һˡ
ǹܵһ߶ȥˡ˷ܵĿˣ˲Ǵ⼸Ҳ½°ģҾͿǺĺá˵һкüءмӣֵܣҵСӣѽȻ˰˺üʮĶĵأǸ͵˼ء
ڸ̾Сȴ㶲֨һ䣬ҵأ˵ֻׯ˼ңӣɲһǽǵġ
ӺСһ㶣ĿΪʲôͬʡ
ΪʲôһָСɡˣǲģԺ󲻾֪ˡ
ͳȻ˵ھӵ¶СñİС˵ԭ˳
㣬㣬˵ˣطˣһ˼ҡ˵Ǽ˵ֻǰ˼ҿԺӵġ㣬𣿡
ȻڷͣҲǺĿСáСñͮ졣
ݺݵصһСŽͣ㣬Ҳ˵һǡǡһֲ²⣬һָСɡǸ˵뵽ǰǵΪ˹ʳЩˡЦǡζġ
Ȼ۵ˣСãܰҲϸءָ˳˵ĳ
ѽҼС峤أȻô̬ȣʲô͵˵Цݺ·񣬶˾ǵϸһ㡣΢֪Ժ۶ö೤һ㣬¶ʱһ£һΪʲôΪʲô
ͬĻʱеץסеץסʵϵ۸ÿ˶һĻԵֻԵЩʱİգеˣֵľʹ
ץסϸµĹ۲ҲܲɷֵԵɡСչȥԺңӣӦò̫ƶ
ôһ룬ȻЦݣҲԽޡ
ЦݹС֧˵ԼĲ²⣬ʵҾǿִŵġЦݣһǰͽֺõ˼ҡ֮ҲһָСɣǼҵŮˡ
ȻĺǺǵЦˣԴŷСڲ֪ģθһضء
ûټ⣬ȴţɶʱ򣬻ûһھӡʵҲܺ棬ΪʲôСûǿҵĸС
ǰʱ̫æˣһνǽˣҵΪü·ءۼûм궼Ҫɴˡãͽ˵˵ԺҪҸɶ˼ңҪţ׾͵һ
ҲǷҪСãǴһ˵˼ҵĻͷ󣬱˽õ뷨Ŵ뷨ǵ棬Ҹõ˼ңҸ˼ˣһӵĴ¶
û뵽ôתƻ⵽Լϣһ㶣۾۸ѾͷУҲޣֻŽСϲһءҪңҲ޳ȥ
˵ˣЩ۵ӡȻ΢һ¡ԴСúǵദ˼òҲıˡ
ڶ죬λھӱһӵĶЯСһݷóȻһھӡ
ΪŰ˼ңȷݷõӣӹһһɨĶ󣬳ȻȷھӶǣòҲ̫һ㡣
˰ɣԿϽ
кͬʱȻҲһλھӡԲ̶Ժ˸бһöһɾׯŮ˴·
أֲʧɾִţƤԺڣСݵģ⸾Ůһׯ˼ҳɻˡ
ԼʱЦԴŵ͸Щ棬ƺ˵ԼˣֻǺһ¡
ָСԺ΢һ΢ҲȻɨԺ󡣻ֻǺĴһھӣ֪һڼɡ
ʱҲڴ
ǰŮȻֻһ׼򵥵ũҹﴩ̿۵ȹͷҲֻԺ
Ű۵͸죬һ˫۾ڵһЦأжĻꡣ·ȫµǳȥһŲĵŮӣѹ֡

ǰĸֻ֪ԼȻϽЦкһڳﹺõĸɹ˳
һɹ
еܳҪվƴǣ뵽ԡΪץһɹãùﻹǿء
ýҹҲǳɹ׵Ȼüһκλֵľֹ
С·Щ棬Ӵǣ
ŶǣҼҴˣⲻũеô۾ͰæһСġȻŷ֣ԼĴˡС·ôԵЩ˵ءԺǵСһ㡣õǣţϷˣһֱԴɩơ
ˣ治֪õļūȻҲûǵɼūĹ˾ûū͵ġеģҲȡǮԷ
ѽֿɡ佱ĳȻ൱ԡգĺܲòðʲôĺֵܴء
ҲֻЦЦ
˵һֱûÿնⲻʱˡ˵ŻЦȻľʹ˼𾴡
ЦݡӦһھϰ
ȻҲеСΪʲô˵˼ҡƾЦݣСͲôþҲƾֱж˼ҵĳϾеˣͰСġ
Ϊ¾ڹԸȻҲ졣˵ʵҲе㲻ôϡ
Ҫ֪һ𷿣ﶼæµҪ˶޲һ˶õġ
ǼҺܲҪ˰ɡ;ȻЦĶȤ
ΪѵĿܣѹ
ʵҲֻǰæġۼ˲ϲķܻСطһɶġһ׷ˮõӣҲܷտ
Ȼ΢۾ֻǵЦ
ԭǻǸҸءôտǣǵ϶ǺܿǵˡӣҲԴöء
ǿɲôҲҼλ˵ءֵҲһֱô˵ģ۲ǴţǶҾǺðܸɣҲû˵ġһ֣һҵ϶ֹһģ˵ԺҲķչġһ˵ң㾫ӡ


45 ɻ

ŹӣȻ⸣ڿ佱Լء
ЦϵĻƵҲͣ
лһ뿪
ٱʱһٵӣҺͦͶԵģû¶ʱɵҼҰѽׯϾһӺҼСһտҲû̫֪ˣ͸ͶԵء
⻰˵ԺҪտȻȻ˵á
ȵ뿪󣬳Ȼüͽλھӡ
ܸСе㲻þңҲòСõֱǳڵ﹤ء̾СֻǸ⸣Цݺ£Ѵ
ˣǸģ˭ҺθɣֻҪʹǾǺõġ˳ˣȻҪǵ¶
ʣɵú֪ζիһˡ
һνǣֻ᲻Ǹأ
һ뵽ǵܵˣȻĪе㷳ҡˣȥˣЩ¶ôŰɡܼҵȨƣݵλֻ£ҲӲˡ
ڶһ磬Ȼʰˣ˵򵥵ĳˡţϣڼտŵ㣬ŸȥǺһ˾ܵǰ·ɵúðܵġ
ǣһط㿴һ߲ԥӡһҲûɫǻͲûȼ
¿ۣŰѽѽ̾ĳȻͣ£̧ͷ
ѾͷֹӣŲһѵ
ӣҿ˭ءӴǰˣǴʲôģҪѾͷȥæѵȥܰƨɿء
±˵Цˣ۵ֳһۡ
Ҳඣ߰ɣ·˵˵
һȥֻгȻ͹·
ڼҿӣҲ׼ŵŶ󣬱̶һ¡Ҫȥ洳õģǸ̶ӳ
Ҳһһܻɵֵܣ˵̶ӣ԰ѴиҲи·ȻҲԼŵЩ·ҵСš
°Щ˵󣬱ٶȳĬֻõõ
ȻЦЦĿԼҴ󣬲ĺѽ
Եɶɰɣġⶹɣ㣬óԣҪܺȾưһСƣ;ɲįء
¿ϲЦŵӣıøӵĿɬ
ǣ֣ģ⺢ӰզǸ˶ءôõ˶Ӧи˼ҵ
ȻüбϵЦҲ͵ȥǲ˵ʲôѵ˵Ǹ˵¶Һ㲻̫ɻġ¶Һûɶ˵ġ
±ҭѽ͸ãһ͸ܲ²һ¶˵һϢ˵޵ĸŮӵ˸ȥ档˭ðҪ޵Ůӡ
ȻգۣڹûͷûԵĻе㲻ԡ
ȫ֪ӣ̾һ
¶ʵҲֻ˵һ㡣Ͼܼô󣬶ү¶ܶ˻Ƿǳĵġ
Ȼĸ糣ֻ£ֹǳǳĹİɣǷǳĹġ
ţ֪˵ջƵģĪǺүʲôĹϸ𲻳ɣʵй飬ֻһ˵¶ģ㲻òġͷһƵӡȫûѹϹһ̾Ϊ˻ᷢһ¶ϧܰݣȻѾͷݡչܵ
ӣ²ŵͷԵģ˵ĶԣѾͷ㿴Ŀ¶һʼͲӦôһЩ뷨õġ޵ġʵүͶµ¡ֻǹһֱң˵ƢҲǼõġǼȨҲơ޼ָҪү⻹һ׮µġ
Ȼһɵˣ˵ܰ޵ŮӵĻ£޼ָյĶµġ⡭ΪΣ˵иڲϵΪܰұѾͷ뷿أֶŮӵģ˲ٰڣ˵˵ֶŮҲϸǰءȻòϣԼǱ˰Ե
զ֪ģ·Ӧɻڵʡ
ȻҲ̹ȻһΣڽ˵ҪȥˣȻ˼ô˵ģڸλֶ֪ŮǲܰءºˣֽܰԼϵδ޵߶ˣˣòף˵δŮûǰǲܼôզˣ
ȻٴηʡҪ֪ǹŴŴûŮӣǺŮӣûǰҲǲ׳ż˵ġţ˸ͷȊԺű˲ٵ鷳
Źװ磬Ǿ˵ġ
û취ʱ޶Ůӵɳ̶ȡ
ţġⲻ޼СŮӹǶôôȻ޷˾˵Ҳүȥ޷˵سǣ㣬ҲΪ˹鴺õҽλǴӹҽ˰
˵үܿδŵӡ
°һۣǿɲһ˵Ĳһǰ˵үʵǲôϲλ޵ŮӵġϾһʱȥŮӣƢֽݣ˵׷֮һˡǰүһˣ൱ĳ
һΣ֪ôģȻͬˡ
ȻЦӻЩ飬˭˵ء
˵ģⲻóȥжϵġ˽ܰ˵˵ŮӣȷʵҲв˵ϲ
޵һңȷʵǺ˵ðǲ֪ˡǼմ׵ġ˼ҿ˰סеƢҲ˵ͨġ
ӴôȨλءһ㣬˳ȻԤϡΪνȨˣҲ֪һ˲á룬˼ҾȻǻס
ɲôҪ˴ȨλλŮҲһܰʱҪҪ޸ˡѽȻ˵ͯ޼ɣôţҲֶŮ̴̵ģӲָҪܰΪδķ꣬¶ûٱ˵Ľߣߣǲһ㡣
Ȼһθ̾үһȻǴӾءһȻһò˵үĺ˸̾ӹѪ
ȻĸŮˣǾ˵ǵĻҲҪ˰ɡȻȻѯʡ
ܰɣҲǺ˵޵ģǡӼġҽʦ϶ģ»ꡣʵһ޼ܰѹŮҲżǵĻˡ˵˵ȥүҲǸˣúõ˼Ҳᶩһ°գƫƫĴ¾ͻϡ


46 

ȻĬ׿һ˿ֵĸ飬ҲܰЩ
һ˼ңıֻܰ¸ˡմŻ׵£ͨı£ҲΥˡ
Ҳ˵һ׮£ܰȢҲȢ
һţұҽҲ˵ĻʮŮӣ˱ȢţǾһ׮衣
ǰ˵үһֱ޼߶ֻһΣû뵽ҲŰ˽ˡҲաһ̾Ϣ󣬰Щ¡
飬ʵүǺ顣İƬأȻҲǺ˽үҲܿĹ;;ò˵ũ̵ʱүֻע̼ңȷʵһ㡣
˴ķ뷨ҲǺաҪҪ;Զľ֮أ޼һ׮ǡġүأ޷󼰵ġԲһƽģܰǳһ𡣡
ȻҲ֪ģ˵¾ͷµġҡͷţѹһҲã׵ĶǵҲáֻϧүúõһˣȴҪһϱ
Ȼਾջ裬ǽŵĳ˵ȢһŮкѡ˾֮ظһƬطŮкõĵطѡߣǵһɥ޵ţŮɥҪȢٷŮ뷿ǻ¶
ҲΪˣܼңҲŻһֱҪѾͷŮաϾ޵ƿزҲ޷ΪһӰŮָģǱŮˡ
Ļ£һ׮ס
ʵˣ򲻻С
ֻǣףĻǻöµĻš
Сڵ̫أȻЩɵĻġ
ǰ±ˣ׼ʲôźأȻ
Ҳü°˼ŶҪʲôأҪԶŵˡOѧҵУͲտӵ˵ҲǮˣǶЩ顣O⺢Ӳô̤ʵҲþӵҪϣŵˡСĶСҲеƤʵСС⺢ƤƤ˵㣬¶ϣǼ츳ġ
ȻЦŲļС֣ĵط䡣ԺҲһģźӵδգӣҲͦ˼ġ
ҿѧ;ͣǾͺúõաѧ껹λôĿǰʺɣǾˣֻµһλõѽ
ѧҵҪкõʣвһȻǼġϢҪ
ɣ󰡡ԭǼ飬һ޾ҪӡȥȡʱĴ㣬бĿ֧һ˼ңĸ𰡡ҲΪˣһᵽϱ·ֳȻɫͱˡ
ԭΪǲĵϱ˵ûģһ뵽ϱΪЩҲ˵
ôŮôȻΪһˮѯʡ
ģǶŮ¶ӻ̳мҵŮҲԼⰡ²˼ľͻشĻ
Ȼա۾һЦԣΪ˵ա
ᵭһ仰ȴĹµĶˡ
ֶŮźǼǿģֻҲܵİաҲǣôҲ
뵽һ㣬ĶԳȻϧҲԽŨһЩ
ˣǸղ˵Ҫ£⻰⳶ԶءѾͷǽʲôãǲˣ±ҲˡҲˣһգҲͦԶģһҪʲôźأ
һĳɷˣϰǮˣͻȻ䲻Ǯȫͻ᲻þ
ȻҲüͷ˼ţʵϣؼҵ⼸죬һֱ˼°Ҫô
±Ǯ϶׬һʵġʱҪñȥһءһЩǱġأҲǮ
һˣһϼҴڵŮˡǼĸˣҪǮʱͻࡣ
СķãԴѧѣˣǵļױ
һ㣬Ȼűķ֣꣬Ҳᣬת
°꣬ǿ϶Ҫġ̻ڳһʳ
ڳһڣ۾һѾͷ˼˵Ҫʳˣ
ţһЩ±ʳۣÿڼˣûƴҲҪԭϹȥڳ۵ĶҲˣǿʳ±ˮף±ˮ±ͷ⣬±Σ±βͣ±ӣ±Щ
ȫ±˰Ҳг±ˮʳģǼҲպϡǼҲЩе㵣гı״̬
Ŀǰȫ±ˣСЩСҲǮȻ뵽ǰִԼھһҿɾ±ˮġ˼Ҽʮ꣬ǷӾжףҲ˶ҡСС⣬˵ȻôǮҪۿţ˭ţ
Ҳ֪϶ˮ׬ģҾǲгͶȡ֧˵Լɡ
г״̬ǲɱģũҪĳʳʲǱ˼Ҳ۵İաǲ˵ٿһңͻἷ߱˵ͲҲΪǼڿ⣬ҲٿաгԭԶ棬ʱӢϵĲҲŤˣɲ簡ȻЦȫǴ
΢ΡʵҲһӱˡǡ±ˮ˼ңǡҺ󲮵ýˡ
ԭһԭأ飬˼˵š
Ҳû°˵ǰæġ⣬˵Ҽҵġ޼ҵǿͨģҲ֪ǲɱ¶Ϊһ׮¶ͺֿˣһ۲ҲգⳡϣԶǲпģսһ
³ĬˣЩֻǾһĨ
У¶ȿŰɡʵģǻ棬Ǯ϶ܰˣһæţһֱûôΪ飬ҿνǣҲΪҸ࿴һˡʵһֱŵģΪ¹ֶŮӣֱʳô죬ſʼĳ
ȻĬһ£ʵ̹סʵȷʵǡˡ
ıӵڳʪȹɴʱȴ˲ϲĨ桭ˣôˣô죿ѽүǱ׵ˣѾͷô죿
զϢ»ŵקסȻҲ


47 ػ

ַĵĽǣóȻҲԺһ㡣Լĺܺá
ԵֱۣңܰܰҺΪӶңҲ鷳ﲻҪ͸¶ȥҲ롭ܼҵ֪ӵĴڡӦףһ⺢ӱܼҵ֪ˣֻ£ұסʧ˺ӣҵʹಮ󵽣
²ȫ˵ûϢлػꡣҹܸɵĸ˱ĵĿ˵˵úõ¶ôͱأҪûӣѾͷ㻹Ҹʵ˼ң취Ҳ԰ЩĨȥ˺ӣѾͷһӣֻӹˡ
һŮ˲ټˣڹǼ顣ΪԼҿֶŮᣬҲ̾ôֶŮ˶˵Ĳ
Īģ飬ҾͦõġʵܼҳҾûҪ֮ġ⺢ӣҵǾͦõġô˵ҵĺаˡӻҵϣҵĸġ
ַڶϣȻĻȦӡԴӽ˶ĺӺԽԽӵĵ
ĿĨȥˮŵġô˵ģҲ˼һ¡
⺢ûΪģİա
ء˵ӺܺáȻؾᣬû˵ǰʱΪ̫æµ֮ģºЩ飬˵Ҳ档ԵģôŰա
ǾͺãžŰաֻǿѾͷءǺӣıôɲֱŰֱܼҵһ֪⺢ӵĴڣҲסġ˵ţֻ£⺢ԺҲáǰ;аܺǳҲãҲգũ֮ġ
Ǳ˴˽ӣǺӿһҲ̧ͷġ
һӣѾҲøı䣬ǺҲˣǡ˭Ҳܲ˵ġ
ӡֻšҲıõ˵ġ
ս֣ѹصͷáʱ仹ʡգĪԼӣôţ㻹
ţʡõġ±̵飬飬ҲôãҲܹŵġ¹󣬺ҲȶˣЩʡĻ·Ѿͷеġ̸˰գ˵㿪ĵģһνǣȥɹһЩ
һ·˵δĴ㣬Ҳڻƻʱֵ˳
ΪҪڳﹺ˻Ҫ˶ͷ׼ʺٺúڳﹺһϹҲ
һΣȻ͹һͷִҪһµ̴ͨպ˯һҹ
˵ͨǱˣֻͭӱ˯һȻ˫˷ĿͷҪʮͭӶ
ǿǵȻУֻ¹ҲҪֱ˵Ĵͨˡ
ȻΣӣôǮҲǽʡĲˡ
Ϊʱ̫Լ˲ûȥ֪ζիϰ塣
й˵ӣҹ̯Ҳ㹺һЩ
ҹģֹҹ棬ֵĺöҲš
󣬲˻ټҳйһʺϵʲҲṺߡǵҹ䡣෴ģΪϵе˶࣬ҹⷻзԵһЩ
³˼޲л§ţϾԻЦݡ
ȻȥЦٹǱϵı˼Ӷôֺǳء
ºٺٵЦֺܲô߿ɾʡӶҸһһǾʡ˲ڶʮӶˡʮӶɾΪҼСֶһСء
ȻĬְ죬ʡͭӶΪСʡءʣǺܻ㰡
֣һֽŹ֡
ʲԽԽңԵģ±Щȫһ·ͲûȻɹһѵĶ
ŸĳüĳȻҡͷ̾ҲǴĺˣ˵˳Ųա
ҪһˣִҲûܸԸӹֱʲġ
ǣֻҪӭϴ󲮵ʱ򣬺߾ͻһɵЦЩĲۡ
ʵϣȻпֻҪһͷģѡʵĶʱ󲮾ͻüëһĳ
ȵͣһҵʱѾľͲû䵹üˡ
Ȼͱ¹µĸ첲۲ٹ˰գ㿴Ҵ󲮣§Ķѹء
ѡĵĹ»ͷǿһЦݡ
ֻǣЦݣڳȻȴñȿ޻Ҫѿء
ҵģѽ
ŬĳЦݣҡͷϣ۲ۣҪɶ£ء
Ȼ˳ǣӰ
ƫƫӣȴɶ¶ҲûСһĳȻĸ첲µ󲮣˰ţûУ§СʲôģǿԵġЩɶһ㲼һЩԵõĴô絣ĥһȣʡˡ
ܿƵߣϱⶫǲ࣬ռطοһֱ§§ţ첲ҲĺòáҴӳ극һֱ䰡֡Ƕһʱ˰ɣȥҵҲ˺òã
ǣϱͰ뱲ӣ⵱Ļûúõֹԣһξ˰աһΣ֡
֪Լ˲ֵĴĹ£²ЩġЩϡҵҲۡ
ȥھӸɶģǰСëƤ϶ϲһ̣ȻҲܾķһʵ󣬲ȻĹڲɹЩһҲǮġ
͹Щɹģֱ֮͢ģһɾ͵úöǮƫƫǲ۲˵ÿ޲öһ
ѽһ֪ζի׬˰ԴӳԹǼҵ±ǳԺöûˡԱѡĵĸл
һѡֱĸҲӹΪɲôҲǳ±󣬿ɾҲûȤԱˡЩҲѡȥֶǳԵġҪңɲԸٳˡ±óǺó԰ϧ߯ˡ
⵽Ҳǣ±ǾֵһӰҲۡǣȷʵǻֵأϾ˼Ұôÿ˵ζҲõġһӰûԹôóԵıӡ
ѡĵĹҲ⻰ĵһӣǸǰλɩӣղ˵ġ±ۼ۶Ǯ찡Ī˰գ±ۼһӣ
Ҫ֪ǳ۸ܰ±ҲһٶʮǮһⰡ±ܰıǮҲʮǮ


48 

˼תһۣ׿װãҲʵʵ׬ٸǮ
⣬̫˲¹ͷˡ
֮ǰ»ܰ׮⣬ǳ˼̫飬ȴֻתһˣȻıȡǶһֹҪ֪ʮͭӶ׿һĳɱǮ
ⰡȻҲĿ
һʵҲ۵ĺܣҲǸСˣ֪ĵϣҵûʱֻ˼׬Ǯ׬ǵֹãҲǳءˣǻȥۣ˭֪᲻һЩ鷳
һһҵȰ˵µҲһ㡣ֵȤҲûˡ
һ·ȥλܸɿϸɵĸ˶ĬĬļ±ǮܴܰıȡٵԽԽۣԽԽƣԵģߵջҲʵ˯¡
˯µĲȻ˿λأӶˣʱı֣һġҪĲֻ´Ҳ˵Ǩա
Ըõȥ
ҹ޻ڶ˸Ų𴲳㡣
Ըɢȥ˵¶̫ϡϾ˼ңһɻ䣬ǾǴģòҪҪǮ
磬е̼ҵ̣һȥ֮ģ˼һߡ
ҪǮһָСڴծ߲òرˡǿźǾࡣ
֮Իһ㣬Ǳ̿ˣȥƹǮ
Ѿͷȥǲɡе£˵öӣҲ֪ǵ̾ǲүġȥ·ϣǰĵĵ˵˳
󲮣ŲᡣȻܳŵӦǼҵ̣ȻƹıˣƾСƹֻ»ܰȻܰΪʲô᲻Ը˵ǵ̵ƹԼˡܼ˸ӵƣܼҵĸӵλʵѵ·
ţԸɡڲӦĵߺߣͷǰ
˵СæͿ͡ŵ뿪ĿˣҲЦ˻ֻҪ̿ˣǮҲ˳һЩ
С˵һСѼ˴˱ĻңλԺСȥƹ
һ¥ĽŲ
ڴڵĳȻ򿴼̵ĻƴҴææĳȥʱȥ
ɫĿſڣʼӴǵλ΢ֵƹ
λˣѽôûϲ谡СţѲλ
һϽվֹƹģôģǾϴε¶˾ߵģǺǡ
ǽƹһӣаءǵ±飬ǻԲһҪȵġôҲһġҪھͽһ£
ƹ˵ŻȴɨȻ
û⫡˼෴ģһ̽ĺڡ
Ȼǲ֪һģͳĬĶǶ
УУƹġðʵǽ컹׼ؼȥءϾֻտţܾ÷Ĳ°ȻʵͿԶ̴ˡ⻰С
ţ֪أھ㡣
㣬ҲҪ̫õʱ䡣Ͼÿͻӻﶼġ
ǰһλÿȡ
±Ƕһǧһٷ⣬ֽ𡭡ǧʮӡ
ƹĿĿɶԵϣƹİĿٴһ̸˿
ʵ֮ǰһġǣĿӽƹĳʱڳһ
λһ̣Ҳˣæĵͷԣƹļԡġ
֮ǰнһڼȥһҪǵþǶǧİʮӡɣٰЭǩˣЭͶ껹ṩ±ٸʮͷֺ磿
ǿԼ侲
ڵʱ侲ġƹһ˵ı㿴Ȼ
ǽƹһƣ֪һ棬ǳȻͷЦųȻ㿴Э顭ǩա
ƹģЭ鶩Ǻ顣۸񣬻İա˵ĺã˭֪᲻˷ơȻƷǵôóԣҲöžաֻۣܳڷգɽƹ
ǽƹҲĺܣʹ˸ãã۸϶ǰսġºСĽ˷ƷģȷʵбҪġžУҲ۸ǵ±ȡһҵǺŹġ
Ȼף㵱ǩЭ顣Ȼ˵ͷ֪ζի׬ˣһҲ׬Ĳ١һǧ׿ǮҲ׬һǧˡ˵Ҳæ˶ʮ죬ȴ׬˶ӡִ˵ɾʮǮѽʮ׬϶ʮִ⣬Ҳÿء
һһĽȻú׬Ҳ֪㡣
ڹ£Ȼһû֨ȴ˵ҪǧӺ󣬳׵衢ҵС
ǧöѶһѣ
ǼһҲûǧɶġ
ĬĬļһ£ԼеļҵҲӡһ±⣬ȻжǧĽѽ
ˣˣʱĹ£ֻһͷ
ЭǩˣƹĲͿ͡ҲûӸǣǺл
Ȼ˺뼴̾ߣ˼һ̸˼ŨӣǲżҲҪ뿪ġңծҲֻˣǮûְ
Ǻ⼸˱дǶֱлƵһˮƹĳȥһˡŻһЩװļõĵķϣλǮǸأƱǣҼǵãǰŽϣҲһһͨŵİɡҪ˵һϻûĵҡŽǸĵطǶ滷ˮͨҲ̵ĶҪǶҲΪ档
һ˵ȻȻƹǣôӣǴ档
Ҳ˼ƽϡ
Ǿ鷳ƹĸһɢģȫųͨͨҵİաŴȡǮɷˡǰ֮û뵽ţΪ̫١ڲһӶˣɾûҪٷڼ
ȻǮҪȡһġ
ңĻ١
һ
Ҳ˵һӣһ͵óȡķá
һǧһɾͰ׸̶ʮӡִǮǮзҪϢġ


49 Ƿծ

ɾǺ֮ܶң̼ҵѡ
Ͼڼ˭Ҳҵ᲻£ŵĹ棬ǸСǮͷסҲǲѡ
ǽƹİȡʱûеݵǿЦģү˵ˣÿȼλңү˵λﻹǷծ
ƹ⻰һ䣬˷Ӧһ
ǽŵĿԼֶŮǷܰɶծ壬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ü˼һμƬΣȥòҲûôǷծ
Ȼ⻰һ죬ڹֳˮܰһǱԵ¶ء
һôģòԼ赱Ѿͷֻһ裬ºΪܰ飬ȻǼͲ֮
ºңҺү̫æҪôѾͷء¿ɺã¸ôˣ˻ǹ¶
ȣǼүҲ˵ˣС㲻ȥһεǮһСʲôʱȥծˣǾʲôʱٻ
һѽ谡Ѿͷүɶ¶Ҫһӣ⣬һǧӰһǧ࣬žĸζۡ
ȻĶƹƱ޲ǰһƱˡ
ǣƹƺܾЦ˦һƱǰү˵һƱ˵һ룬үΪǽ㡣
͹ȫͰ͵ĿųȻ۵ӣѳȻŻѪ
ɶˣǷծ겻ɢҪѾͷ
ãȻү˵ʢ飬ǲȥҲ̫ˣͼƹĴŸү˵ҲﰮҴ󲮰Ϸɵ⣬أе㰮ǸơүӲЩʳģջǾͲٴүˣ
࣬ȻѾͷǸءϽӦͣԶԣүЩʳģǲΪա
ƹİԸ糣ٹͰү⼸λ˱ȾǼλ˵ļӻҪءү飬հͺá
ǣ˵ļǣһѻûջţǾͿ϶üλÿȥˡ
Ȼͷ˽ƹĳһ·һ·ϸļһ
һ˿ջµǵĵİһ߶ȥѾͷүɶ飬ֵǵǮһǧʱȫû׬һǮĻãеģֻ޾ĵǡ
ͷüӣȻûİοû£үرʢȻǮûطհ˼ҷҪ۴󲮳ϵ죬үҪТءǷծҼǵǷծءǸһͳ˶ӵĳԷɡ
ŹڲôǷծҲֻתͷȥ׳Ļ
ɶҲ˵ֻҪȻѾͷú˵Ҫİա
û׵Ϣ첲˵ûõģһѾͷһȻ֪飬˵˵ôͱôûءǿۣһѾͷүˣô찡ƾү磬ѽ谡ǸŮ˶ױƭİաοһԶм顢ȵһ뵽¶ǲҲ֪ܰҪ׺һҲԼֶŮɶˡ
۰ϱ浱أɵɵ㰡⻹˿ء
ɨһܣȷʵвٵˡǰԼ˵ģҲܣһ濴Ͼ䵲ˡϸһ㣬׷š
Ϊ˵ӣһʵĺһųȻȥˡ
ѾͷɵվڡСӣ֪ءزסһӿ군ˡǮүշܶࡣ²ϣȻһ·ȻܰȷʵǲɱշŮˣˣǵĺӣպ˽ûɶġ
ڹµĹȻѾͷֵøõδҪίСԺ˵ĳ衢ҡ
۽ȥǴԺһٵġ˼Ǯûطʹͷĵĳ¡ѽһǸң㵣ĵŮˡˣȥȥ
ȻקסȥɹͻȻôӣôҲ̫
һһ£й·ԼޱбĶҪɹĶĲٰ
޻ʲôģȷʵǱϱ˵Ķࡣ
¹¼ҵҲڳ۲ϣΪ˳ֻΪĲϻࡣ
ȥ˼һ֪ûеġ
˵ӴǵҲ棬˼һ£ЩӴȥˡ
ǮĿ죬ٻǮҲپۡ
ڵģкܶĵ⻹˵Ҫ͵ջȥֻҪö࣬Щ̻Ҫͻġ
һĶҲһ㡣ֱ䵽ʱ˲ջء
һŽȥ̨ûС˰죬ҡͷ˵ûС
һ·ֵϲǳȻͲ²ܰ׵ķŹĽ֣Ǻ̹Ȼġ
ºܵģѾͷҲƣԵҲſˡһһĳѾͷ˵ӦóԾͳԣӦø͸Ժ۾ʵĳԷȥҲǰүͣöӲаҲл˵껹үء
ǰǰһӻڳƵϱһȴֵɶҲû֪ˣ˵ǻᱻȾġôһοͷ˲١
ٺ٣ﰡҺڴһү᲻ǳɶưһġѾͷ˵ɶɶ
ԭƽʱֻȵջ裬ǲ裬ȻѾͷءһˣƽʱ¶æȥȲƷİҲ
֪һѾͷô۾͸ѧ¡ܶѾͷͳɡѹ
ǰĳȻҡͷϲءǣӵҲϲв١
ܰԭλ
ĽƹʱʱĴһֻۣԼүԽԽð˼ˡϲŭɫүֻʮ갡
үһΰɨſڣƹĲĴչҪȥߴߣ
ܰһ˦бһû֨
ûƹҲҶֻʵԭء
ȵſֳȻһ˵Ӱʱƹ˿⼸λүءүȻó׼ơ졢ЩǺܰİҲ֪ȥһ֪Ǻǵһ裡


50 

үСĻм£ȥһүûԼƹĸϽ뿪
šܰӦһվӭСֶ壬
ţ⺢ӣ濡ءѿڶĿ佱˵־òԣô佱˼үء浱Լǳءֻҵҡ֣ҵҵүɷء
վһ߰˿޻̫ͿҪԳܰǰܲġ
ӲÿҪСֶ˱ãһ𳢳
һᵽ¾Ǻ˼ͣ򵽳Ȼֱº󣬱ûֻ֨ٺٵЦİŹȥϯ
ͷβܰûȻһ̬ȵˣùµһֱû¹
ϵģȻ̹ȻĺܣʼܰӦеǺ󣬱󷽵£ӹǰĲյ裬ϴ裬衣
ǰһλȲĳЩҲǵӦ֡
Ϻ󣬳ȻЦĶһ蹧ĵݵܰǰүһѾͷգ˵õĵѾͷûȫ죬ѾͷͶŵԣ̺үٷ˰աүȲ裡
⻰²ŻȻ׹飬Ѿͷ˵ֻҪүѾͷûãǳưһǧ۳ȥ
̧ܰ嵭ɫϣ˫տڵҪ۵
ֲĿĳȻԭƶ뷨Ҳʼһ˿ҡˣǲʹ˷Źա
ŵΪΪūΪ澣ĿľǱλү̧֣Ҫ̫ΪֻҪһٷ̺˾ա
ֻǣһֱ̬治ȷǲǻʹ˷Źˡ
裬΢΢Щ
ȻŬάϵЦݣ˫۶ܰʵ΢Ĳյ粻ĵ硣
˼Ҫôȡôıܰǣűʱܰڶˣ̧֣˫Ȱһִյζ
˲յȻǿĲȥˣˣȴҲŵĹǺ
СһǸСĴڡ
ллү佱ҲǲҶˮԵʡȻ˵űҪվȥҪ˰ѾͷĻơ
վãָָ̧ܰ֡ԶһԲԲıšרŷżŮ̺Сš
Ȼ˳֣ȥѱ̧˹룬ѱŷţʵе㲻ˡΪһŮΪ˷̺򣬶ǰѱŷӵߵģȻλһ㡣Ͼб𡣳˷ҪŮΧߣǾˡ
ӣ㳢֣˵ǴӾʱġܰЦ͹´кһָָֻ֣Լߡ
Ȼ׼µӣڿƺ󣬲òѱǰŲŲ
λãǰˣǾܰжľ롣
ִ֣ܰͣԼλã˼Ȼڱүߣ
Ȼ˸ʱ򣬳ӣûеġ
ǲѣְѱ߲ܰ˲䡣
±ܰкţҲûٹעߵֻĵͷ˵ү̫ˡͳͳһӾû͹Ǵһܰ˼ңڰŽϣǶһ
ƾⲻ׵ķˣԼƽʱΪˣܶͨˣܵ˵һ仰Ƕʱҫʱүкţ¶ϲеͷ
ܰ񣬱󳤱ֶŮˡ
ǳĬĬһߣ˵Ļü΢΢š
ΪȻ˵ȻʲôֻǵܰԸŹȻѾͷȻүҪĶעȻүȻѾͷģִҪķȨ
𰸣ȻܵġΪǲ˵˵ܰҲǳԶǷ˲ȥ˵ԲŸ磬ȻҪȻ졣
ɣȥԺô죿
˵ģܰ⿪ֻ꣬ҪȢ޼ҵŮΪޡү޵ʲô̬ȣһ㣬ҪȢޣȻѾͷǽǼҵŵģ
үȻѾͷ֣ʱҪңôǺã
һ뵽ЩǰⳡôŶۡ
ˣܿ
Ȼĵؿһۣ뻹ƺ졣
ڣһյ
ʲôһСϲе֣ȻҲ̲סˡ
ǳҲ˵
ڳȻ⻰ʱܰЩĪ
ָС൱ĲȻͷƤĸСãԼܲӦ⡣ܰƺһʼڵ
λʵһҩר飬Ů㣬լ֢֮ǶŮʪΪЧɵŮ幦ܣƢĻСһ죬û˵ȥǱؾֽȻȻҲȴڼڷЫ㣬ڶЩζһǾԳԲŵġ
СԴĻ²Ǻܶˣһڸ˳ԵĲ
үˡֻүΪ룬רΪһƢĲɳȻˣ棬ֻһ䣺լ
ģɶ˼ΪһŮˣҪլҪͷ¶棬ֻҪĹڼͺã
ɶˣӳ춼ʲô
ëǮϵҲûˣҪԼҪլԺޣһֲνëߣɶˣȥ󣬻ҪĴȥ
ӱϲͶԵ㣬ԺˣСֶѧӶЩ˵ġ
ܰ˵ţһʢ˸ɫڹ˵͵˹µǰֵλʵĸǻǫһ
ܰһֺ̧еǫ黰ֹ졣
ܰҨһЦСеķڳȻǰȰա
ȻװһļͷһڹԴһβͣһβ
ɶ˼ͷͷŽŵĳԣǳֱ߽ʣϵūţ
ӹͷһߣҪȥЮĲˣ뵽ǵܰŮԭҪ͵ĲˣĹ˸䣬ǿƣӲı͵ܰү룡
ܰĴİǿӲ͵
ΪЮһƣףôûȣ
͵ʱ΢ֵķһ
Ҳ𱸣üһۿ˾Ҫ쭡


51 ̺

ߵĹһ뵽һǧӣչ᲻ãק䣬ʾλүˡ
ŭǿѹ£Ȼ͵ߡ
ʵȻйҩζζǺܲġңȫɫ̲ණŮ˷ã治ġ
ҪΪܰΪȻζġΪǱǿȣֻҲ
ǿ£֣ܰҾ֪Ѿͷϲģһ롣
˷ܵϷŹ⣬˫տڵҲʣĻ飬ǳȻġ⻶ıԻ񣬵ȵʶָɶ֣Ҫֹȴٹ
ǰһɫӵĲˣٳһֱԼĻˡǺȻǲȣôһӵĲѽƣ죬ѡȫƽʱԲŵģˮεĺܵϷɵģҪġ
ܰһЦһһƣȷʵǺܲүѵõôѾͷʢ飬ѾͷôҲܹ԰ɣһҾˣһطװȥϵҹԡѾͷԳЩ˲
˵˵ţǲѵ졣Щɫ۾Ͳûɳ
ԵĲĹ¶ס찡Ǽһֱ֪ǽ̻Ѿͷȥˡǰǰ˱ûԹŮˣԲѾͷ
ܰҭһ£ջһ֣ʾԳˡ
ǺԭӦ̺үѾͷôԴ
¿үֻ˶ƣҲǳˣſһ
ȻЮһ׼͵ģһ¿ԣϽתѲ͵óԣ㲻ۻ˲ٵôһĲ˻ӱνǹʮࡣ԰Щö˷ѣһҪʡˡ
µü̲סˡôģһ˽ǣǰ໨ʮӰɡʮӣˡ
һӵĲˣҪѾͷ˵ϰӰ죬һĲ˾ϰ¸СԼԴҪˡ
ȻͣӸǲͣԼЮ˵ͬʱҲΪ͹Ю
Ҫô˵һԲˣһҪԺԣܶԵүǵǸҾ˵һưɣţ¸ʮӣǳԲġ⣬Ҳ۸ɡ˵Ҳöʮң
Ȼÿһµüһ¡
ÿ˵һ۸ͻʹЮһӵųԣԼܳԻضӡ
קϣԼŮ˱¸Ѿͷһ֡Ȼ߰۵Ĺ£ﻹ˵Լ˰ھֻһ뷨ǾҶһӣǾͶԻһӡһӣпǼӰԡƼջȥǾ˷ѵģ˷ѣǿɳܵΣ
Ȱסħ˵ŮˣֻܱǸĳܰεЦֻǵǶ˳Բˡ
ǹ³Եһ룬СôôþءºŷֳȻһֱΪǼЮˣǣȴܰЮ
⻹Ю˵ѾͷһȻʹ̧ͷȴ³ܰ죬ɨһϵĲˡѾͷҪǮģ˵ڳ㣬һû¶ҿɿˣү㻹ǲġҶãǮôҪĻ
յһѵ󣬳ȻƵЮһ˷ŵܰĵЦүԲ˰
һӼĳˣҲЮһӣү˶Ե㣬ȥŶ֣Ҳһ㣬үֶݰٲԵ㣬ԺôԵء
ܰɨһۣİЮĲ͵
ֱһ˱꣬ǿӲŸ¡ʱĲˣʣ֮һ§ԼԲ˵Ķӣ֮һĲһֱ̾
вʮӰأô˷ء
Ȼüһ£ҪǿȥЮˣϽһ򣬡۲ٳءû˵ôһӻؼҺһԷȻ˾Ū˲ٵĲˣԵ̫ţѾͷıˡᣬűˣ͵ҽŶ͵ʱûȵĻСģȻ˵ҽԺҪ֪¿ִһʵʱűʱ򣬳Ȼ˿һġû뵽̫࣬ȻĻء
ѽѽҲˡȻ˷ۣҲܺȵİɡѽѾͷһ˵ôСе۰УУء
һ£ɰѳȻŻˡ̰Ů˳ԵĻ治٣ҪȷʵǳԻˣһëô㣿
ҲʼԵĶ࣬ʵϣ涼ġ
ҿɳؿջѾͷһȥд򵽿ջɡ
ס۵ĹһϽ֣𣬱ˣҲûǮء
ǮģҪĲɵÿ˵ˣＸСɻȥءܰº͵ļȰ˵
һᵽɣٶĽҲвˡ
ôţߺɳջȥ
ʱСС鷳Ƿ͵ջֵʮӵҲźһأ
Ȼ֮ǰֻǺҵһϷһ³ĲѾͷɲĺ̰԰
ȵŹ³ȥˣȻҲҪųȥȴܰקס
һͳĳȻõüҲԳˣҪ򣡣
һСæġģ㲮ﲻ£ҲǶһ㡣ʵǱŻ˵ġܰƶ۶ϡ
֪ΪΣԭеҵ˵ǿŲģҲ
Ŀһܰ۵Ȼ˵ˡףˣ֮˱ɵַǳԷҪĺ˵һ㡭飿
üȻĶ棬ѷյһŲ£ŰѲϡ
һС¯Ϊľǿ˷ˮһҲܵ
ŷζ
˭Ҳû˵ʲôšʱֹȥ˰㣬Ȼסˡ
̧ͷĶܰүҪл˵ɣǽ컹ذŽȥҿûʱɵۡ
̧ܰͷ˫һֱʱʢ˵䡣
ġã
үǣңѾͷһֱͼá
ҲǺǣǸͬŮӣǱ߳ˣļáܰԳһЦ⻰ȴĳȻüʲôСǱߣǣûҶʡ
Щ飬˵Ϊ


52 Ͱ

ү֪Ѿͷĺ벻ãҲ֪ˣүǵ壬ѾͷҪȥˡȻӶﵭˣֱ̧°͡
***
ܰͫȭͷ
ҪЮŨصŭ
ƽȻǽŵĳүһֱںҪȻ֪һӶ˼˵ζʲôһӣһӵǮ˼ңʡԼõһ˹һµ
ӣôûӣûԵģûģҲᱻ˷ӣǳӣ·ںůںúǣŲᱻķ
ӺǡǺöûô˼ȥﱯ£ûô黳ȥʫ˵һУԣǶĶ¡ԣҲãҲգȷʵǰӣҾһ۵Ůˡ
ͷβƺұֵһֱǺܰӵŮ˰գѲɣүֻڹְƣ˼ͷβһ治Ϊ˱֣ǱԲڡ
ܰսȭͷɿʱĿҲ֮ǰǰԡ
ٿǻ߰ա
ǵʡ˶ȻһԼҪ顣
ܰЦˣϴ£ֻǣŨص䣬ȴĳȻȻ
ȥҡƹģΪ㡣Ȼܺãĺܺá
ллүĿ佱Ȼнڵ˳ֻǣڹŵʱȴײšֻܰǴͷվǶ΢ʧ̬һҲûע⵽
һӡʮȻǲǡ硭һʵڣܰЦʼЦĺỺأȴЦĺܴ
ƺЦ¿Ц֮£Ц֮ˣЦˣץϵĺࡣ
ֻǹһڣߵİѺԶһŮôȻļá
ɫתǶƬ˺һ뿪
ǳȻ뿪ǼӺٻصջʱһֱʧǵĴڷ档
ֱ˴Ĺ±ͻҲȻĩš
˵ҪȥӣһϡǻزȥˣԺ治̰ءôóԵĶôֻ⻨ӣȴ룬ǲôҲŲӴѾͷϢһ£һȥֹ۽첻ңͺúõٹһء
˵ˣˣ²ŷӦȻһֱڴſǶû
ҲԼʱѾͷɨһۡ
ԣԲԡ
ҲɲסˣһƱӱյأĳȻǰ֣ζ¡
߲˵̧Ƥﰡأ
԰ҺءѾͷſķ羰´չͷ¥µķ羰
һ㿴ջںԺϴЩòҶںӵ棬ˮҲˬƵİ׵߰ĶӵӣôҲķ羰Ư
š羰ĲɵĳȻھʹ
羰Ư²ѯʣԼղŻֶӲء
Ư۵ĺӣգƯŮʫ黭ţ
ԿȥѾͷȣ㲻ħ˰աҿڵ죬СҪˡǺӵǰ˴ˮƲģҲ۵ĺӣ۾˻զģ桭ƯŮ
ٵɴ۾ʹؿգº˵ɶƯŮһûƯŮмֻϵĸϴ˵ɶʫֻνţҾͿһѾӵձͷǣһͷ¿ǰߡ¿յҲЩɶʫ鰡֮ģҵľĿ⣬ЩһЩҶӡ
ȻҲ˳һȷ˰
ɲԼղʧˡǰͷһŤܵߵǰһɣ㲻о仰дСڴ塣Ļ뵽Ļ糶Ͳɶз羰
²Ũüһãããҹ»治ϡöɶз羰ġҼֶŮһǶ羰ӴӴĺ׬ǮˣȻ˵ν羰ⲻ۾˾Ƕ˰աѾͷͻȻתˣ
ѾͷԲ
ԭµĳȻȴͻǿغߺߣתԣ˼Ĺ˼ѾͷҾǼǮҲīˮġߺߣ곶ˡ˵Ҳ
˰գѾͷ˵˵ĻȴͻȻֱӵʡ
ԭŵĳȻ⻰ʵһӾͱĵ߸ߡġа㲻ҪҲ²ˣǡȥְҼǵãһвٵĶûءаǲ˵ȥһ±ζôҲȥ
Ȼ˷ܵ˵ţ㵸ľҪߡȻȴҲ
ҵѾͷ
һ̾ȴ̾ĳȻһֱε˵̵ˮһĳ忪բӿ˳
һ§Ź£
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ЩУҪءƾܿءƵġ
***
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СĵĿȷѹˣȻͷǣСȥ
֪ζիǮ˱ĵϽ֡ȻƱ׵ķСġң˷ֿװġҲֻ¼ʮٰɢõġ
ʵ͹˲ٵĶٹ䣬治Ҫ̫ࡣҲ֪Ȼǲ˴̼ͦġ
±ʳ·ӣͷΣΣɶɶһĹ򣬾ȻҲգ˲һ
һ·һ·ʣҪһȥŵɫһ䣬קסϣǹѾͷڻǻȥڶҲˡȥ󲮽ϣͻȥѽιҲ֪ǼǼСӻôɱڼЩ¶ʱķءǸϽȥɣѾͷļƣȥһӿɾĵڵĲˡȻ˵ǮĿ죬⻨Ǯ찡
һգ۵Ĺ򣬼Сһһ뵽ôӣءѾͷǸʡĵģﲻʹ죬Ҫڸɶ
Ȼ˵Ҳֲ£ţǿеק˻ȥ
ڿԲĳű˵ɶүôţôСεһקסżϻĴߴ٣ӵϽģϽȥطǲٴˣߣ۰¥ϵЩȡųȥ


53 ˣ

Ƶĵ˵ټȥģզһһԶŴСĳȻɻ󡣲Ѿͷүԩңֳɶ״ɡ
ʵǲˡֻı״͹ǲһġ
ΪܰͳȻ־һ𣬿ɹȴǵųȻٺҵӡ
һżϻ죬һ졣·ϣܸϼʱ·ϵùһյ·ء·ȫǹٵҪҹģҹ·Ѹء
ǶʲôأϽᶫһվǶڣŭĳ
ţȥǿӦߵǰʱ̲סѯʣɶۼѾͷֱү˻ģ
ûİһۣ°˼үôҿѾͷþųȻҪǰˣ¸Ͻ죬֮ᶫ͸Ͻᡣ
ϡڲʣüͷ¥ϰᶫ
˶ˣºͳȻһ߶ȥջס޷á
ڽʱ˸ǧλǰŽĳ´үɣҼүڳ롣
ͷһİСվǶҲʶү˭أʱүнˣ
ǺǣǼүʶ㣬үͷĵĸСɣǼүǰĳءСһ֣˳ֿȥ㿴һĨɫ¶
Ǽǵò绹үǴŽµġ
ãҸȥ
ǰ𣬳һ⳵ˣܰ
ϽҪ
ȴֹ̧ܰ壬Һ㲻ô׵ģм仰Ҫ˵Ҳһ㽻ա
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ϲģôҪôðզ
¼ת߼ǰ̽鿴
ȻڳﲻһֱŹ´߸ͣȥ򡣡
˼㿴ɫԥ
Ǻںڵü
󲮣˭˭ˣһ£Ǹֺǵ˰
ƽʱ߶߶ģ濴ɫôˣԹԵһҡСĵİһλڸȻ£óǰ
һ·ϣǲ֨ƺһֱС
Ȼһ죬еˣһҡβѵȻʹ˯
˯ˣ±ĵ̽Ӵ˳ȥ
ǰĵطǿǿټһ˵ģ±ȥͳһš
ȥȥķڣ硣һߣϽȥ
ӣֲ᲻ص˦һ¡
Ϊɫڵʱϵ·Դӳһֱ˦ĵõõġ
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Ҹһ·硣Ļ࣬Ѿͷ˯ˣ˯աѾͷڲˣ˫ء
йسȻе飬»ǺͨġϾ¶Ҳˡ
һνǣ˵ҲĬûܰ͸¶Ͼǲ͸¶˭֪ܼһ᲻ѺӽءܰģҲðǷա
ܵǰ·ϡһ˷ˣҿɲչġ
ȻԹˣȴֺǵļ·ϡСģǹ˼ô˵ôҪĲˣ㻹Ķҩˮġ˵꣬ĵһۡ
ֻڵĶǰ棬ƺڸϳǣȴĶ䡭Ҳ΢˵
ͷӣ˵һĻҪһӣû
´ս£ǻƻ裬·ϵĳҲ٣Ҳ±ײԼѵõΣóû
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һڳ¶Ϊ˺ü׵Ĳϣ뿪ǰٰ·켸ס
׵ء˼ϴҲкЩˡЩ꣬ҺֵҲһ𷷻ģʵɵġˣֵ˵ˣڰңʱҲȥ¼ȥҲʶһ¡ҵĹŮҿӢϲءȻʮӣѾͷϡǼҴʣͦġ
µɴ۾ɶϢһ㣬㣬ͷӣȻΪǼҴϱء˼ǹŮզܿģ
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ҿֵֻһǮǰһϯģĳʳ;ˮء
һ˵ҵŮҲŹˡ
ɰѸϡĲˣҲԼĻɣϣܺǼѾͷȵˣôã˿ɶûۼѾͷءҪĲһӴʳȥٻۿǣٰ¶¡Ҫ֮ǰɵ̽һ˼ҵĿڷ硣Ҫͷһͷȣǿɲɵ
***
УǺ˵
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ȻһʣԭϲͿશں̣󣬱ͷ֨ˡ
¹첲ιѾͷ˯أ˵˵զ£ĺ͸硣
ǲ߼ˣŷİ̶˿ģԺү¶ǺûϵۼѾͷǺӹɡԺ󷽱ˣҪͶϵˣٴٳǾͳɡ
ڳ۾İ˼ǰһܰǼ͵ġɽ⻰棬ԵĲþˡ
ͷӲ˵Ҳܴ߼ˡԾ֪࣬ǵû׷ʡʶӦڵʱڣǹóĵԭ
һ˵ϣ°ҹ
ʱѣһµæѰȻһ·ȻҲС˯һչǻеˣһ·ͷɢһ


54 ڵ

Թ԰ϴϴ˯ȥҺʹžͳɡ²ˡסҪᶫ֣ɷ˵ʱϡ
ڵĹ£޲ðȫµĺöĸСֶܾŮܰ¶˳Ǿǳ¼ڵġ
ȻҲûǼתϴȥˡڶɽʱŶҪԼȥ
󲮣㲻͵ģһ˾ܰѳϻȥȻ·ȥȣ·ֻ̫̣Ҫʱܵ·;ҪͰ
ִţһۣ˵ĻҲˣϽϳȥ񣬿ҲƤ
ѵȻͷԹϳһߵĴҲ˸֣
Ϊ糿һ·ϳȻҲٵ˯ԽҪˣģԽ֮ǰڳһЩ죬ôʧ
ȥЩΪᡣ͡ǰ޻С³ʱִŵҪѶȫȥ
СڼֻأһĽӺԺܹ
㣬أѽôණǴСĶСÿֿŵᡣ
һѶż󣬳˿ˮҪ뿪
ʱڨڨĿųȻӲͷƤûͷûԵ˵һ䣬Ѿͷүȷʵǲһ·ˣͰ˰ա۵ûʶ˾ͳˡɶѴʹ󲮻㲮˵
Ͷһ仰һܵԶԶġ
վſڵĳȻԶȥıӰĪ⡣
СһûͷûԵĻЩ̽ͷҴææ뿪ıӰף۴Ҳǣ˾ͺȿˮˡһ׼ء
㣬󲮣ɶ˼˭үɶӹϸ𣿡Сô۾ɵĴġ
ȵȻٻʱָֻ糣ЦݣɶأΪҪܰøϽȥ׼ȥҲáүһȥ±˲Сæ¶ȥˣԺͱˡԣѶһ¡
СȻʱҲ͵͵ؿüسȻһЩҪ˭ĸ˭ȫһ߶ȥҲƽһеģ˰ĵЦݣҲͷֻǴڵĴʵա
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ǮûҪֻҪ˵ķӣɣ
߿Ȼ߶߳ɣҵɡɾɣǼҲ˺üӡüһ꣬ûɶģҲ׬ϰӡ⣬ܳƽǲġΪˣڷֵӺ󣬹һֱ߶ŷ˷ˡ
ȻһʱСҲ˹ˣȻƱָ
Ű١Űپšһǧһǧ١
Сɵۡ
̧ͷͷԵĿųȻ㣬ⲻΰɣǡľ±׬һǧһǧүʡʡãһҲ๻ˡ
ܹСãǾԼΡ
ϾһǰǻΪûǮĻᱻˡڣһǲٵıˣһǧ
Сÿĸһģǰһжòʵ
ļȣȻ͵ࡣ
Ʊ˦˦Ǯֻǿʼ˵ģǹϺõӡһʽˡ͵ص顣Ȼֻһ·ͨٵڵģҲͨ·ġۼΣ治ʲôʱҸа
һжУҲ֪ô̸ֻһ⣬øһЩá
ϢĵطһҵǺܶ˹ػѡ
Ҫأ㣿С˷ܵʡ
ţأʳذǵĸ۲Ҫڳ󸻴ģ͸浱֮ľͺáأ۲öӣأҲٵı˼
ţغãҲã㣬۾أɡǰʱд¶һȥʡ⣬Щ飬ҲӦȥˡСӣ
⵽óȻЩ⡣Ҫ֪һֱСҲͱֵĶ£ɵġǰ˵ҲӡӣҪȥ¶ǿٵصһذ
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Сñһ䣬ľͲû͸
㣬ȡЦ˼ҡֻǾã㶼飬ҲﲻһֱŮô۾ͷҪĺãĳɹ
Ҳһģһ֧һҵŮˣҲҪһһģ۹ǳģûĸˡ
СĹĵ˵꣬۾ĴͷҴȥˡ
Ҽãɰ󣬴Ȼĵĸ̾ȴòˤͷĽԽԽ٩ءСȷʵҪͣҪΪ
ϣȻγﹺĶַÿ˵ţյݵļ߲ʱһİ֣ҪҪʱ˶·дءոµĲϣλССģϵĸˣɶĶء
ȻɩӣŰաЩҸģ۴ӵġȻǰ£ҲĴǡ·ֵɶǮģҪգҾءҪһЩϲ˼գԺ¾ͻڿЩֻҪĺãҶǵġ
ҪģǿǿȨѹǡǿȨҲȻᣬȴյġ
Ȼţһ˲Сǻ֮ˣֻٸĶ࣬˼Ҳǵ˵Ը͵ģԼƾġ
ţϻƴǣȻüһɩҪƣԵľͰӻ˵ˡ
˼̬ȣţϲơģҲСһٶʮĸм˵·⣬Ƕҵ̬⡣
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˵ȫѡ
ڼ䣬СҲҹˣ˵Ҫ˰æһ¡
㣬ʱһ˵Ҫ˴ص飬ҵءǴƯϱǰҿ˺ð졣Ҷ˼ں͸¶˵Ҵ󲮼²ף۰æŪء


55 

㣬ҲΪǼҲһЩòǶġǴ˺Ųô֡㣬ǲǲ͸¶ۼǮ͸һǰţǣһţЩ˾ĽʵĲˣҪǺȥ˵ĺãǾͰţˡ
Сڻ󵥶ҵ˳Ȼ˵¶ȻĬˡ
е㷸˵ʵչֽŵķչ϶еءȴ˶ĽҪķչֻ£˻ţˬģԼǮȴĻѡ
СõͷţĶԣԣˣǵ÷ŵģûʵǰȷʵǲ̫¶ļãۼĳء֪ʡˣ⼸ʱڣǵ׳һ۾ٹһЩˣһӡ
Сٴ˷ˣ֣㣬ۼҡĴϹˣǲ֪ÿοӵ˼ңĽĲˡһֱ밡ǼҲһӣöðϧӣҪоеģ˵ϵһӣҲúüءǾͷĵط˵ءǵط棬˵εĲˡ
Ȼ۵ˣһۣСͷôϢһ֪ϵأ㵽ĺܡ
СƨӣСЩ⣬㣬ɶãɾǰҵɰСѾͷ˼ҲСˣҲͱСء㣬ܰģЩʺͶеλ˵ģǲ֪һһĿɶأÿζϸõľʹǶˡٺ١
Сü֤ԼСȻҲ˳˼СҲǰҲǸ¶õģҪǳˣǵɸжźá
ԺǼ޳ȥҲһĸꡣ
С壬ҪŮӣ㲻㡣ɵðﶼ˵ֻҪǴСŮһԺӳһԼ飬ԺٺһӣΧŷתųţ˵Ƿ˵ɶҲֻӦ£֮һԷΪصΨǴӵŮӣûҪѧЩְȥ߶顣
СǴҵСŮ˳Ưһ廯
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ǰģСˡ
ʵСĸˡ޺һдӷΨǴԡһжҵģҲҵСĶԻǴ֮ǡҪġ㣬ҲŮӡҪˣԽ˵ô
ѾͷоһͷأȻοЦˡţΪǵðԼǸһĻšҪҪǿŮԭ˵˵ʧȴһЩҲܻøϾŮңԼĺˣҲ̫Ϳȥҵĺã͵ۼҵ¡
һȤֲ˼ˡ־ٵĸߣȴĵͽֳһŶֹˣСȭͷ㣬ǼһҪĺúõģǿƲŮӣߣ
ˣȻҡͷĻ
죬ȻҵƵ°Ÿ򸾣ϵӡ
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ֻʮ죬һ棬Ȼ֪ͦġ
Ϊλò涼ҪŵģԳȻҲûôֻűá˵أû󣬴ˡ
ׯһңΪ˵ңһ˵Ҫ۽ʮĶأǹ࣬˵һͨһҪ㣬ͳȥȥẓ́ͻƵ°˵⻰
ΪˣԳȻֻݣǻƵ°̧ͷȻͷӦУҪھȥȥ
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Ȼ˵˲ͷ¶棬ȻЩأôҲǼԺũ¸ĵһʲԻǺţһȥ࿴ˡСúСøвסģһ˵Ҫ࿴أҲҪȥ
ȻǶ࿴ЩǶ㾭ҲޣԡֵԸ񣬻Ҫһȥ֡
أȻǺо飬ɻƵ°о鰡
ڼʱҲǸİʽ࿴Ȼɵȥͷڹؼ⣬á
һȥҽˣĳһʮҵ϶һǰĸų
϶˺Ǻʹ˸кźͻƵ°һ˼
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ͷʮʱ˸ӡСļСͱҪѧҵгɵġ
˵Ҳѧ黹ܵ佱ͷ֮Ի뵽Ҳڿǰӷŵѧ澲Ķ顣
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ѹ֣ͷ뵽Ҫӡֻ£ǱĶӣ
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Ҳ֪ǸҡͷԣΪĳҪѧȥרŶ飬ǸͿͷƤһȣҲӦ£
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һͷҪ۵ʮĶˮʮĶء
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࿴һ£ʮĶˮͷСһˮҲвü֡һһĶӡˮ㣬ʡ¡


56 ϧ

ؾȻڳȻҸ̫Զĵط֮ڵģһƬɳءǳŷݵɳأȻ㼫Ȥѯʴɳ˭ҵİôûأôķţϧ
***
ŶɳذǴģΪɶûճɣһֱûҪش
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ǳۣһƬĵۼ٣Ȼѯʡ
ǲ˼ľͱȻһָ֡ͷ࣬һĶ
ĵأɳأ˵ȴһĶѹֻûҪءҪ֪ɳ֣ý˰ŪĲãָǮĻ
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үӰ㿴ֵһˣҲǰϧصˣطǾͲõĻᱻ˷ѵӪܷء˵ˣǼǮҪϰ֮ģⶫһˣһҵģ˼ҷɢˣҲɢˡԼһرɢܺܣ˵ˣҵǴĻƵҹأԸ񣬻ôѹءҪ˵˻ֵһˣ˼̺˵أһһģԺи
⻰˵ͷǶˡ
տǵأͷ˲
˫̸˼۸񣬱ǰԼ
ԼһԼͺ
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һ˫ǩԼָӡҪɴн˶ָӡٽɹٸŰ졣ڹٸǼ仧󣬲ǳɽ
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Ǻţţڼһϯ͡
ʵҪճȻ˵ֱ϶һҲɡţȴ˵ãôŮˣһϯ׵¶
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ţһ˵ȻҲ࣬ʱҲԣһԷʱܰϱһʱϯ䣬̸һ׮ء
УھȥѲãһǰԼ˻ͺóԷȾơ
ˣȻҪȥˣţϲصܣСýϣһȥȥ
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ȻִҪû취ϲ
ԺһƬͮͮȻЦˡԺӣʱҲǳմġֹССһҲչء
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ΧŵˣʱţӴġǸڿġׯڻûļ֣ǶǱ̺԰ء
ܵӲݶļ٣ĳƬ԰̺ļá
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룬ɶˣһ˶СһǴһˣһСء
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ȻǧĴ䣬Ҳкôġٵ¶Ȥ֮ġ
ŶǰȥҴ峤˵ǴϻҪһ顣ˣԺɾͷĶడҼǴޣ궼ˣҪѧһЩء
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⣬ˣӴСѾͷƽʱͦЩôôˣ
СûɵĳһԶĴ峤λɶϲİλҲܽѧá˼ҿɲŮأԣ鲻ûȤΪûͷûȤ
һҲ㶡


57 ѧ

ͷţ⵽ҲǰŮ˾á¶ûǵķݡСŮ޲űǵ¡Ժ㳤ˣ˵˼ңҲѧЩ߰ĺá
ÿɲͬ⻰ҲûͰ۾ŲԶǸʹз˫˵Ļ
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ڵģ־Ǿ·̲ԶңСˮĵطҲ̫ļ̫һ˵ˮŵŻ󺰴С
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ŵϣ̽һ¶ǣȷûպҴñ˳


58 ܾ

ţæŰ㣬һô
ͳȻദһʱ䣬˽λǸղ˵ĺ֡
ȻΪһסһţҲѧ˲ٵղ˼
ţ㣬ҿһǴɣ⣬һˮƬա
Ѽ˰ˣ˱ڳæ
ڻƵ°˼ҡûˣдп͵飬Ȼ͵˳Ƶ°ÿʤΡ
ʱһһϯƯľϯ
峤һյĺ㣬ɫζ˵ռˮƬԼһЩһеļƯĲɫ͵ɴ۾佱ֵܰϱһѺհҿĳգҲһܺءˣҪȥϯ϶вء
峤˵ţ㵫ЮһӿžͼζǴ顣
ããζģһڣųԵڶڡһֱ͸Թϱ飬Թζ㰡Ǿ¥ͣҲûԹζġ
Ƶ°ƣǺǣ峤˵ЦЩɫҼӰŵġ˴ϻۣҲɣһ򵥵ĲǶܱõĻġ
һߵ־һ˼һӣȷʵǲġôƴջƣӣȴճ°
Ƶ°ס峤Լӵ˸ԶڿԼءٺٵĺЦͷʵλҺҼӣǱáɶǼˣⲻͶ˺üף˼һǺüˣϱͦŸӵĸˣҪͶˣӾпܻڼů˼ҲԸ˼ţͶײɣԿ뷨ͶҼұáҲǸ˶ء

˻Ƶ°ٵĻϯ˱˳Ȼһ˵ĵȤĴ
ȤģĪڴϱ
Σ־ˡ
ʱ峤ʹ˷ܵŻƵ°ļ򣬡ֵܰǸˡıãúǴš˵Щɳص鰡ҿšһЩɳôֻҪ۸࣬϶ܳɵġͷٺʹһܽ㽵ڱģһﲻæˡ
һ룬˴л֮⣬ҪģǴɳصļ۸񡣰ճȻ뷨ɳҪһĶԹ˵㡣
ƾСɳأҪԽǿǱһЩֵġϾǶҲֻôʹ
Ƕֲʳţ绻Ǯء
ΧɳصģһɽȻƻģڱ˵ĳԽЩɳصͬʱܰɽҲԽɲһʱƾɽǮˣֱ鷳顣һĢ¶Ǹġ
ӣ鷳ˣһˣɱʣµģ˼ȥŻܳԵġ
ھһģæͺжʣˣ˵һϯζΪĲ˶࣬Ҳ㣬ԷҲʣ²١
Ÿھӣ˼ǵһΰæͿ͵ʱ򣬳ȻҪһʣ˰ȥ
ҵһһʣˣ⣬öء¾ɫ䣬ϵİ֣Ǽ˶࣬ųԾˡǼһڽأ˻ȥŪ
˸Ƿӣ˶һġҪ˶˼ȥһ˿СôáԸӱϽƴǡ
ȻҲǣԸڽĴҪѲ˶˼ȥȷʵôðš£Ǹ㿪ѹߺ󣬾ͺҸһҳԷ¡Ժھӣɵö׽źá
ǸһҲƴǣһ˴ùϵġУУô飬ҪٷĺģǾͲʶ̧ءˣС˾ҲЪɡ
߸һ˺󣬼ֻʣţӣȺ󣬳ȻСһСȥ
Сһ˯˵ģһԣȴˡһˮеΣġ
ȻյĲ̫ȻΪ޻մ˾Ʋӡⷢյ¶ɴСһҽĵط׷ջ¶
;ţҪȥϢȻûáҿٽ˯ġ
ȻƤҲû̧С·
ִţţҲա
ȻۣҲ֪ǳȻС⡣
õǣСһֱûȥڶɻƵ°ȥ˴ٿ˿˸ҩûƵ°ȥˣȻŴŹǷȥߡ
˯󣬱˼ԤϵϢ
ϵλֵţȻҪ仧Ž塣
֮˵ҪңֻΪǰסĴ䱻ˮˡΪּԭϣԴǸڴ˲ûӰ졣Ҳνﰲ仧ΪˣԴ˵һλ
Ϊ־ĵﲻٻŮ˼ұ˷ڴֻΪֵģôҲǸŰȻ˵ôģ˼Ҳ԰ѵũһݡ
мҵ׵ʱףһŷˣŮҲܸմ⡣Ϊˣ־ĵĲ˼ңֿʼˡ
һϢһòϢϣ峤ٿȻһ֮˼ңᡣ
Ǵϱĸ硭ҴŶˣ
ϢȻҲûȥֻһš
ȫĻʹ峤
ȫ˵ĻЭ̣ƬɳأԽۣһԵĹ򣬱Ķ
˵֣Ƶ°üͷȻ.ģѾڼҪĶҪжǮ
һĶˣͰ˵⻰ʱҲСĵشŻƵ°ͳȻˡ
ȻڿٵЩҪô˵ʵһԵĹĶɳأ˵һĶʮĶʮһĶҲŶӡУҪЩɳʲôɾ͵úúõĹ滮һˡ
ϾĶСĿ
Ķ̫ˡƵ°ɫ֪˵ɳ̫ࡣȷʵɳزĶһαһĹֻ»ᱻ˵ɵӿġ
Ǵʹ峤Ҳ֪ҪеݡǾһƬĶɳظˡϾǶҲܡ
Ƽҵ˼ǲԽô࣬Ҫڣ峤߹һȷˡ
ʵҲûһԵóǧӣеˡҲǲˡĶɳΧŶɽȫͬ˵ģԸһԵĹƬɳأǶɽǿ԰ߡɽɲһСĿǶɽǿҲһƬͷ


59 

Ȼ۾ٿˣ˵ʵҪɳأһҪһЩֲǿǶɽܰǻɽȫȻ棬ŰũҷչˣԺƬɽͿԱΪ
˻ɵ棿Ȼŵѯʡ
ţǣˣǶɽĶĵػţһĶĵأ˵ı˰ǶĶɽǷչĺˣҲǿԼճɵġ
ȻٲһƬĵغͻɽĵͼɽͻĵصм䣬һǰѺӿٿʱѼɳؿɳźһЩ㣬ҲǲԵġȻһǧӣͶ뻹Դ˵㡣
ŰǾŰǿԿǰĶɳع
գȻһ˾Ű
Ȼٹˣңӵ¶ҲһʱͿԸ㶨ġһȷչԽɳأлɽٷչķҵҲǿеġ
ȻӳȻ룬ȷʵǴһ㡣ңһδĹɽֻ»ۺġ
ȻҪ³Űĳɽʱʹ峤˶˴
ûĶɳػ۳ȥ·ϣ˻࣬ȻһҲܳԽһĶɳ˲ˡɲ룬˼ҪԽĶɳذ
Ǵе㲻ˣ˺üºſųȻһˣ˼ĿڣҪ˵⣬ҲǲеġֻһǾáһӳԽôɳأǲ̫ðˡȻ˵ɳ棬һǻĵأֻҪĺãϸֳ꣬ǣô˵ֻĵؿҲúüܳ
ֳҲꡣɳغͻĵʼǲý˰ġһУⱡ˰գҲһʼ򵥵Ŀ
ô˵һò˵˻еĵġûһζҪ겻۵عѫմմϲ෴ģȰȻг顣Ҳ˺ʹ峤˵Ϊ˿
ţеգҹɳأЩֲѵġо仰˵ĺãգ˲ơȻǰðһ㣬ԡǿУǾ⼸ѹкһǩˡ
ʹ峤ٶȽһգֳȥ˼λеʸˣѯǵ󣬵ڶһԼˡ
ţˣŰͰ˵ĳɽɽһ鵽Ƕ
ȻӹԼȴûڵһʱھͰӡ
һԼĵһ㡣УڻɽĵмһǹеİաҼǵãҲмóģУҲҵģ
üӰ˵㣬Ǵģʱ캵֮ģȫ˶ˮԺǲԳ۵ġҿԼ˵ʹȨ
ȻҲ֪ҪһΪԼ£ⲻôʵϾ壬;ǰŽ塣£˿ɽ塣һôܱ˽˳Ե
һת΢ЦſţС̰ˡһҪ󡣾ʮ겻ĵٲѵشȻ¹ʣŻԸı䡣ûЩʮ˺ӵһֱƬĵػɽɺã
һǴҲȷġ͵ͷ˵ȥʹ峤ԼλԱٰⲹһ档
ȷ˫̶˵ڶٰԼǩˡ
̸Щʱ־λŽĵһλҲ
ΪǴĴģԴ󣬱ѴΪ־ĸ֮ȻΧнĶأΪƸнʣĶأǰθ־ĸˡ
ӣŵǽһɫѧϵֶˣǾΪøٽһӵᡣò˵ôֱʵһλִ󷽵ˡΪˣ־ҲûƴǣˬİԼİϹĸһõǿ顣
ڵĸ˵ľǰʤĵط򱻳˵ĵضĺǣģѧ
ΪŵҪ޷ᣬԵһΪ˱׼Դﶼˣһ꣬Ҳóޡ
ڶ꣬־ȷʵǽ̵ĺãôȫ˱ΪݣĶأҲСȻһ꣬Ϊޣȫ弫˼ңΪ־ĸӦˡ
йһ㣬Ȼûɶ˵ġܾã峿û˵ͦңԶ¶
ֻǣģȴ־̽СöκķȻҲʶ֣ҲˣСҲѧ顣
û˵ʱŮӵǺܶġͱ磬һֱһĵĹ涨Ů޲űǵ¡
ǽ죬һȴ־ҪСȥ飬ò˵¶óȻˡ
־ܳʵĵͷţǿԵģСȻǸţ˼벢ظҸʱ򣬾˵ģϣŮҲְܵ˵ġҸʱҲչŮӡֻҪ˲ԣ¶ҿܳɵġ
һȻǸ߿һ
õſ־ȻľͺˡȣĿǰ˵ҵ뷨ڴ˻᲻ͬ⣬ɾ͵ÿǵˡ
ϾҲֻһļסš£ֻ顣ʵУȴҪ峤ʹһ˲ʵеġ
ȵ־뿪󣬳Ȼ˼ж
㣬ȥҪһõŮӣһһŮˡ㣬ȥɣһ顣
ЩȻСˡ
Ȼһ𡣿ǰͺСѾͷŷ֣粻ǸСӡôһĴƴСһȻĳࡣ
ţҪԼҿ԰æ벻ɣҾͲ֪ˡ
飬ҪٳɣöҼֲС
ҪƾСһ˽ѧã϶ᱻ˷ġ
СôСͱ̫࣬ĿǰҪģҵ֡
Ҳ˵СһҪѧõŮӲС
⣬Ȼ뵽˸ڵɩӡңҲһŮô
д峤ǼﶼһŮӡ
***
뵽ЩΪСÿ˳ѧȻһЩƵĵȥǼǵãλϱǺƯҲġ
Դ仨ΪСϴͷ˽Լ֣ϽΪСɡ
ȥʹҿ˭ˡ
С̧ͷĨȥϵˮ۾棬Ưϱ


60 

һƯϱԴ仨ſ˾ȻǳȻ
ϽһӣҲΧȹĨˮѽϡͰϽ
кеߣȻҲû̫⡣
ţΪСϴͷأҲ˰ɣ¿ʡ¶أʱ˽ףСأô˰
СǴ˫ŮҲˡС椶һԼ֣Сһק˵Ư˾ء
СһĻ䣬һҲק˳
ٺ٣ӡȻҴҼ
Դ仨һϽԼ֧ʹɶ椰;ȥժ˿ɺãҺ˵Լգ۾ǿǺǵЦŴŻȥ档
ءȻҲֻһ¡ǰԼ˵Сģ椺ʹСӳԵġ
ĨͷĴСһϽĹץһѣóԡ
ƤСӣûûģôûòءԴ仨СӣȫǴȰ
ģһ㻨ôԼ໨˰ԣԾôҳôҽġ
лһ󣬳ȻѻתĴ˽ѧ
ǴҲѧã󰡣߳ȥĴҲܸ߿һءȻʵʵ˵ķĿǰ顣
Դ仨ͦ˷ܵģţɲôҾǼǿ˵ġ츣ĺ¶ôҲðѧø
ȻٶһתɲôҪ˵ɩҲܸɵģܶѧֻ֣°紦飬ܷһЩҰ˵һģɩܶʶ֣СҲ̵ŶථһЩء˵ϣôͲŮҲѧһЩְ֮ءǹ˵Ҳͦõģʲôǰ£ʫ֮ġҪ˵ŮҪǲʶֵζôܴﵽǰµľأ
⻰Ĺ΢ۡǰڼҵŮʱҲǴһĴ廨
һλεţҲƸΪޡκΣ汻һλʶĶֵŮӵȣΪʧڱӦڵĴ
ǰŮʵҲѧְЩ飬֪µһЩ¶Ҳ˽ԼҪĶǹڻǰ£ȴɶҲǺȥʲô˵أ
仨ϱ˵ϵȻҲʹصͷɲôɩءҿ椻ܴͷʶĶ֣Ժ޸˼ңҲܰæʱһ
Ϻͬɲôǣѧ棬ֻжŮӰɩֲʶĶ֣ҪҪ̵椣ҲǼѵء
ԳϵĿڷˣ֪ԸŮѧʶֵģԱѽ־˵ǿʮŮѧ¶˵˳
ȣأ·˵ףҲλͨʱҲн̵ŮӡĿڷ磬ƺŮϣʮµģһǴˣΪֹ˵Щл㲻ŮΪѧ
Ͼϲˣ⻰棿
ӣȻЦͷţء⻰϶Ǽٲ˵ġҹţȻ˱Щ˵£Ҳͦǵһˡǹ֮ɱȡɩӾÿУҪͻ椽ѧãҲðҼСͽȥǲ֪ԴҪŮӺҼС˷ܵĲˡ
Ҳˣģ绯ܸ˶֮ԼҲΪ˹ĶԼһһѧõġȷʵġ
Ȼǻ˵Ů޲űǵ£ɿǴ˼ҵŮӣĸʶĶֵĽ̵һ
˼Ǯ˼ҶҪ֪ʶģΪβŮҲѧϼ֣һ˼Ҳ׿ЩصĲ졣ץסȻ֣ţУ¶Һǿ˵һôţ¶ǿ
ȻǺǵЦȴ˼ţǼҾ˵ģˣÿɫô⻰ͷɲ˵ˡ
У챨ʱҴɩ㣬һȥѧȥ
ȻվҪ뿪ȴŹˡ
ְڵϣӣһлҪһء˵ʵǰʱ䷢ǾʹǺҪǼҽɶӵ鰡Ҳ⴦Ĳôõͳ¶ҿǳǼǿ˵˺üˡôţ¶ǿ˴ˡôţǶҲǴ㶮õİɡЩľһЩ
ֳĢ¶ȻҲֻܺٺٵЦɩӣأⲻȥôһˣóôࡣ˵ˣ뷨ҲġҲǶˡѽ׼úõİɳؿͰ˼ǻɽͻĵϵˡ
˵Ҫߣ΢סҲֻܲİͳš
ʱþͷ΢Ĵժ˻
ӣҪȥأѷٻذɣӸȴͬµ΢һ㿩Ц˵˷߰ɣƫԸ⡣ⲻҼҴ϶ԹҲᴦ¶ء
Ȼ֣ллԴˣﻹмСĵأɩӵĺͺá
ĿǰԶӸյЩࡣ
ô磬˷ı׼ɣĵһ찡ҾͿˣǸܸɵġҪܵõһӿɾиඡ
ӸɬȻһЦӰ¶Ǿͦáǣ˼ҡһаġҪ˵ģǸ˵ġˣżӡ˼ܸɰô̵ʱڣóǧӹأİǴܼݵ˵˼ҲᣬƯܸɣɶŵĶռˣҡ䲻ϣ
ϿԼɬЦǸ׳ˣҲĲƷҲһһġκΣЩ
Ҫǰ̫˵㣬Ҳỵ˴ôţҲԲСȸסһʱɡҿȻﹺôأһζҪг̹֮ģҪ͸һʱĻ¶Ҫˣһμ¡ĲɣҲŬġ簡ҲΪԼǲôţ꣬Ϊۼңǿ๻ˡôõĺ˵ĸվǰ㲻Ҫ
ԼôڵĶţӸվѹǳĴһ뵽ȻƯףĻϱЦݡţҲУҲãһγҴֶֶŮˡ
˵ԼԱĴ磬Ҳ˿һֱãԼҴǸˡ˳ĺãƷԺã˵㡣


61 

һõŮˣԺӿ϶ܹġȻƯĸˣôܸɣҲǺ˵ġνĺ룬͸һ仨һԭǺֵǮƯģɱʱһӿйĺۼǻͲֵǮҲپƯ
ǸŮˣҲˡãٳԼ޴磬Ǹ˲ĺ븾˳Ȼһ𣬽Ǽĺ¶ңôţȻһ仧ǾǶŶԺĹҡˣĴأ
㶨Сѧ飬Ȼúá
ߵսǵĵطʱԩ·խԴͬǻŮˣһǴϱһëĶĵھӡ
ԴһĢӹȻȻ˵˲̵ԴѧĢվ˶
ԴǣһͷߺţһȻһ£ӣҪһġ
࡭û°ԼŪ仨һģ߳ȥһְ˼һ˵ͷء
һ·ߣһ·ߺǣŵ۾ȴӵĵųȻһҾ㣬Ǽĵ
Ȼüû뵽ϻôʵĸˣˣǸ帾ƽ̫࣬ʧݡǷ紵ף񰡣ôôѽְ죬²˻ءһӾֻ˵ЩҲĶ˵Ļء
ߣȻƽϣҲǸԿˡ㳶ǰͳ˵ϹҪ˵ƨ˭Ҳ˭
Դ뵽ȻᳶԼղŵĵɪһʧȡһߵӣιС˭أ˭
ȻúЦ⸾ˣġءЦݣȻƵӴ񰡣ͷһء񣬲ҲֻôҪ˵ôšⰭŴˣŶԭ񡭡ͬడҪôΪһֻ򱧲ƽ˼һˣײǸˡ
㡭˵һңȻ潡ҽƴˡԴǸøһֱֻˣ˵ģڳȻȴһٵıĶ˳ûԹһ¼Уڱˡ
ڵĳһҪƴӡȻеҺӲ
Ů˲ע⣬ȣһȾͰ˦ȾͲ󱳡ң򡣡
רżĵط̤ȹˣȻһٵľܡЦ⻳˴ˣ㻹վڷǲĽô
ԴһĨϵϵ࣬ҪȥȴܵĲӰӡԶֻСڹ๾໶عŵء
ŶҴҾˣҺûꡣһôҲ۵Ƥ
Դ۾µµһתתܡһű໵ĺ
찡ذұ˴أûѽҲûһأﱻС۸ˣȴͷڹءҵҵȰҵƨأ۰
һأѷҵȫ˳
ϵҲǸһԼϱ۸ľڵϲˡȻƽʱҲ̰һЩСˡɺôģҲԼĶϱһ˵۸ˣȡϴҵģ¸Ƕɺ˵զ¶ҪĴˣȥʺģܰʺĸȥҲſſɥ¸£˵ȥ
ǸҪҲôİһСôꡣ
ȫˣ˼һŮɼҵˣǶǷֿȥġһǰ޼ҵһҴСεķġ
ɢҲĹɵĺܡ
ԭڲĻϣֵܽĵ£ֻҪһǾ͵ַȥ
֮ǰԴͳȻһЩڣºҲ˵˵ġһǾϱһ£ҲǺ¶ǽѵˡ
ıȻѵͲ˰ôţԴϱԴǺ޼ҵ˹ȥ
ԴһСԼܵõȫˣͳҭŰɵΪأǳȻСӣǸˣҲ˵㿴Ҵӣ⼸²˵ظɻءأŰô찡Ҫǵˣ˭ǼС԰˭
***
ٸ۵ĽȼȥһСˡȻɸ֣ҲԱԴȺؼȥ
һ⻰˼ҪΪԼҳӣԴĨᣬﰡ㲻ұ۸ȥɡˣԺҼҼСɶӰԺ˼һ˵Ķϱ۸ˣϵһӢ˵Цȥô
һĻʢҲǲ֪ԼϱǴɶġ
ӱһҲ¸һ֪˼ⳡҪңҲ㶪ˡⳡҪôңÿ˵
ȷʵԼĳӻһԴҲڣİи˻ȥ
۾ԼҲĶϱ˼ţҪôܰⳡһ
ǰ·ҲӣҲ֪Լϱȷʵˡ
ֻϲˣ˵ĵطȫ䴦ôִܰ
ֻҪִˣ˵ѽһҴ֮ģҲеǡ
űЦݣصҺֱӾͰŸˡ
㡭ҪԼǲƵڸС˾¡
ҪһسӣǸûᡣϲˣ˼ôΪһ˵ˣСǮҲˡ
ԴһҲ֪ԼҪˡ
ιֻŵ㰡ңҲ̫ܿ
Ϊ˷ֹϱҽУϰһƲﴫһӵžž
ȵٴʱﴫʹధ
ѽӴʹȻӣĴҰأӵҲˣء
һĲҽŭѵ
磬öӰ̧Ŷ˳Ȼǰ
飬ȥ֪ͨ˴峤ʹˡ
Ȼ廨ºͿ㶪»߳ȥһ㿴Դ̧ŷԼſڵġ
µ첲Ե˵ġ
üͷһ壬·ԴʱǴҲûôѽ
ҪܴǳǮҲֵõء


62 ٩

ңͷһ衢ҵ·еһУԼʱԵг밡ԼҪ˶ء
ߺͷԴϸ˵ײϣӽŵӿȫÿһëס
죬֪һӲҪϸˣܾ˵ˣƽʱ˵Դţųƺŵϡ
Ȼ۾΢תתòǰˡԴҲġ
һ㶣ǲ뵽ʱ򣬳Ȼܵ΢۾šߺһǻӦ˳Ȼ
̬ȣ൱Įġ
̧֪˵ҼǰȻǳЦӯӯĿʡ
ѽѽԴֿʼߺ
ŽǻҲأӣ˵˵ģôҲھӲǣƽʱͷ̧ͷģҼҶϱɶԵģҲܰɣ첲ȣĲܼˡӣҼҴг˶
ʣ󣬵ȴռġ
Ȼ΢üͷ֪ϸ˲ô򷢵ġ£š
Ӵְ̧ǴɩӰһ˭ءȻ·ʱſһߵԴһǾȵӡ
һɰźߺߵԴˣҲڵԼ˼αװ̧ͷݺݵصһۣСchngҴˣ㻹֪˭
ҪȴŷŵһŷӦӴԼڰءðɣ̣ڣ֮һֻعġ
Ȼס죬첽ߵԴǰѽ㣬ҼǵãǷֿʱҪİɣʱеСĦǣҼǵ㵱ʱ׵İҪңңôĹͱŰģأӴӴ˵Ǳ۴˰ɣǡǶͷСڵģ
ԴҪƿڴ߲Űǿȥ찡ţ϶ȥġ
ҲأȻԴǱڵģôϱϵЩˣĽ
ҵûҼҶϱʹôĦģֻ֪һ˵һˣŪӴӣʵǾ仰۴Ǹг𣬻ôĺҪزɣҼҺúõһϱôڣҪأ
ɨԶ峤ʹˣϵٶȰθһ㡣ϵ֮ҲӵŨҽֻҴӸ˵ҼҺúõڳӣ˵ɣҪô
ȻɨһԽԽĴ峤ˣȻҲǿһ˵ġ
λţʹżϻʱжʧҲȻҶϱ̧Ҽſڵģ˭ǵ˵ҶϱҴ򵹵İҳԣ⻰ɲ˵İ
ϵƢãҲܲ
ߡϸһϵϰʮģҼҶϱֻ˾ףٻʱͱԵģ˵ⲻģǱ˴İΪķʡ
峤˿˾൱ͷʹ
˭ҵ¶࣬Ҳܲסһӵ¶డ˵ûºһҲڸɶǰǶϱڣ⵱ŵĳ档ҪҪ˻
峤Ҳ˵ģղλ˵ˣҶϱٻǵأͱԵġ˵ʱͱҴҵӣɻߵĻȥȻЦӭ峤ˡ
⻰һʣɵۡٿʱ۾͸¶Щɻˡ
ѽ飬϶İ峤ϡࡣ
ӴӴʱһߵҺߺļֱԹϣ˵װװºˣװװˣҿʵʵĴİʱ̧ڱ˾˰ɡôźãӣⲻҰװʹԩô
Ҳһٳŵʱֻ¶ôҲȻͷϣ˼ҾŴ˴ˣҪôңԼ߻ȥ
Դ㱻˻Ǵĵһ˰ⱻˣԼŻȥģ
ϵɫҲԽԽѿУſʼͱȻߴ磬ҪȥԼֲ˺ãǻ˵ơ飬ǾԲġ
ҼҴȻԼ߻ȥģҲŻȥġǲʱǵڵϵģȻŮ˿Ư֣ĩҲ̫˵ɡ峤ôţҵ˵ҲˣҪţҴˣһ飬֪ô£ѼûҲñ泶
䣬ԴҲϽӴĽлʹһŵͷмĺӡû취ʵʵʹ
˵ͶȻ
ߵһЦأϵˣȷʵ˰Ҵû˵Ǽ˰
һͷ԰˼û˵Ǽء
ǣ˵еְ˵ʵ£ĻһְܱСŮ˳ҵӣ֪ɶʱҲѧ˽ħıءˣһǿԳ߻ȥٵҼſڣͱ̧ġ㣬˵㲻Ϊ۴λ˵˻˸۶۴˵һɣ
һϷ٩ĻɰѴֺǵġ
԰㲻ǺǴ˭˭һЦͷ˰ɡҼǵõΪ¶ûٱӴ˸
Ҳǵõأ괺ʱûٿǴ˭ţ¶ô߲Ѱ÷崺ûٴġޣԴ˵Ĵºšû뵽˶дءһǴޡȻе񺮡ţҲλ尡˵Ǵӡ
滹дϱţŭɨźߺߵ
Դɵ٩Ͳˡ
һӳͿøԼüɫ۲Ʒ಻˵ģҪҸС潸ҲŲ˶ءѾĲżĹģ۶Ĺˣû
һȻҲֻЦĿ
Ϸʵе㷢¡
ҲзӦģѽղ˵ѹĺ겻ϵôôѽѽĽˣ
԰⾫ɲǺܺõôٴγѯʡ
ķĸ첲һ
ѽʹʹʹٶֻǣڴĶ棬Ǿ;̫Щ˲پˡôˡ


63 ƴϷ

еˣǹҲ̫˵ġ
ɩӰҲ֪ģһҪֻŵǮûɣﰡһֱô̹ҪһҾͰֻǮ㣬Ȼ˵ˣеҵΣҲֻһСΰпԣѴҲġ˰½λҲǸµ˶ϱڷ飬϶㵱ŵ֪һڵ
һ֪ˡŽСȻǵ٩ԼҶϱˣձӴ򡣽žͳ˰޵Ϊϴεļ¼𡭡
ȻӼ򵥣ҲֻԶԡ鱻Ȼһһ㣬ЩܷӦȻʵȷʵΪǰ󼸼ϵղŵ˽鷳顭ΪʵͶ
˵˵ʲôأ˵Ƥһĥܰ˵ʵȥˣȻСܰȫ͸˲ɣðͱôģӴٸһʱ䣬㲻÷ȥ۸ǼҴˣԺ㲻ðȫ˶ŸĶ۸͸
Ȼһ㶣ŵԼˮϣҲòϣϸˣȷʵһ׵ġԼŰξ׵ͰìͷתԼ˵ȫˡ
ܣȻϵĻ˵Ще˼еģԼղŻһոΪ˵ˣһҲȫ졣񣬲ôĺơ
˰һǣ浽Լʱܻľͽ
ȻüǾȵӣѽλţû뵽һû뵽飬Ͱæ뵽ˡӴأѹ˼˵ϵһᣬ룬ҪôܼҴ˳һܡߣΪ·ߵĺúõģҪקסҺһеȤ¶Ȼгϲ¶Ժʹţӿ϶įߵ¶ôѲɿǮ׬ǾôڣҲԣߣҾôÿһϷûϷһ
һ䣬һָ߰֡ͷʱԻʱ꣬Ҫôϲġԭ˵ĺܴУϲƬһı飬ǶĺǺǵֳ
ӵȤȻ֪ѾͷҪôϣҲ˵ѾͷҪļȥǴڣ£Ǹһµģ㲻Ƿô׬Ǯһӣ취˹Щأ㲻ǳԱ˳ŵô
ɲôѾͷʱôǸźЦ֪ȻһιĻĵػɽȫ˶֪ġڱȻɵղŻڵųȻΪһøˣǷ
밡˼ôĻҪôأû¸һĸ춼ѣˣʱ㳶⹷ƨ¶˵ص
ٿʱе㸴ˡһߵϣϵĺߺšΪԼͳȻһôҲһӵİκΣŵһţô±ѹŴ򰡡ڸšĻһһɵĴء
峤¶Ǹ˵ɣϱʵĲǣҩѣǸߵҲٲ˵ġ¶Ҫ˵һȥоţĲٺͳȻֱۣϴ峤
һֱһ߶ϷţأϾͲǰˡ
һ¶óţһʱЩ硣Ҫ֪ΪС¶ţڴ˵СЩңҪȥˣ˼ŵˣ϶˵µĲܰ
еŽɫ峤ͿϵɶⲻڿǽôһˣЭ̣Ҫ̸һȥͷӵĲźó
һߣ¶Ҳˣ˼ҵĶƬǻᷭĺܣ̫Űһˣ۸šϱģ⵱ӵҲ¶ڣʣһӱ۸
˵⣬ĵĨ˰ᣬԭܲмˣǿƵ̫Ŷ̡ĵˡǺٶ䣬ģˡ
ȻȻ̫̫Ϸ˼һݣѵͲݣ
ǣ峤ǿɵñ°λ˵ǹ¼ҹ˱ˣһǴò˼ҿҪ˵һӣһԶݵһءżǺüӣȻҲûТ˳ģôôģͷҪʹɩ㰡
˵ʱɩӷҪ˵˵¶Ҿͺ˵ôءҪżɩ˳ӲҪ˵⳶ǵġҲ£۴ɩôˤſ԰
¶ԹءҪҿ¶ǹҶҾһһģǮͭӣ۴ɩӺúõһ£
ܲܣ˵һĸ˼ңһõĸٳ⳶ǵģû˵Ż¶СˣһҪҴţ˵Ǵ峤ǰ²¶ɾͻأ
峤ʹɫ䣬飬ȷʵǵúúõĵŰ찡
ǣȷʵҪİҪˣ鷳ɲ١ҲĻв
峤ˣһ⣬˫۾ȴвĶԼġһ뿪ռ䣬һɺƵķ䡣ϣҲǸ񰡡
ȣҿ鿴½۰ɡգΪѵĿߵǰĴλȻǸʲô壬Ҫ˵ǰ컹Ϊжˣȴϴſ£
˵ĵģǲŵġǣ¶ɣҽ߸ĸģµϣǺļһ
ֱһˣʱӦһʱҡ˵ҲأֻҪ죬Щ׵ľͺáֱۣЪ졣
˵꣬ΪԴϼа塣ϵʱ򣬴ִŵģѸŪ໵ҽһͨ
ҽУǰͲµԽԽõġ
Ϊ˽⣬峤ʹһ˫˽еһȥ
ȡһɨһˣһӲģ˵˽ɶ¶Ҫ˵˵СҲСôţҲǰŪ˲ǡ˵ʵ˲ôŵĶˡ԰ɣȻͳһӵǮԴʱҲúõĽһ¡ɶôţ˼Ҳ˵
һ˴ٴ壬û˭ˣҲû˭̫Ǵ߸Ʒ£һ㣬Ǻִʱ򣬴Щ˷һġ¶ߵȥһֽ취


64 

ϻڣˣһӾͽˣҪǹĽԺһ˴ˣһӾ͸㶨ˣǴ¾ˡ
Ҳһأһ£ͺϣҪ⣬ȥ档Һʹ峤ֻܰԲĽˡϱˣôģԼȥһֻĸܸ㶨飬Ҫ´ȥ˵㰮ڣԼȥˡ
ǾϣϱˣǴҶءôҲһˣ㻹ôţ
ȻȻҲҲֵܲӴһӰѽҾڴ˶ѡһȻҪһӰ峤¶ǴĲصԺ˼Ҷ绨ѣʱһӣ˭ҵǮҲסҳԈL˰ҪǴǸ绨͵ę˶ѣһпԭء㡭
һֱźߺ߲ϵԴͷģΪ˺ӵֲõεĲٱȻôһ٩

绨¡
أ
Ȼǲһ绨񣬲ô˼ҲǸŮˡҲǸŮ˰죬ŮŮˣӺǳ˵
峤纹ƨ񣬻ء⣬Ȼ˵ǵϷҸŮ¶
ɨһɫڵѿϣһźߺ߲ϵϡ󣬻ǸͷġԼҲġº˻һӡ峤϶񺮡
ʱԴײƤɨ۾ף촽ѵѿĴ峤ϽȻҲ˵ôˣɶˡôţҲˣһӣ˸Сİɡԣͳһӵˮá¶ˣ˫вԸϹţ˫顣飬ˡ
һϣⳡԺϡ
ȻҨһӣ¶˶ˡ
ȻòҲһ߶Ȱοôţ˼ҳǮˣġͰһӼðɣ۴Ǹ彡ģ㽫һ£һǸôһӣǸȵҲܵƬⳢǣ
һӣ˵Ҳ̫١вʣҲŰɡͷϰղŵİžһͨɱ
һȺƻòǶţû˾أȹɾŵĴңöҲ˵ģûţ㲻ҲѲƤö˼Ϊ˾ļĴڰϺһͣǸһҪŻȥˣ˵IҲ˵ġ
˵ĺȰ£飬Ͼʹ˸¡ҵĳ϶Ҳôˡ
һ뵽Լ˶ᣬղŵõһӵ⳥˵Ǳ˵Ϸ˲ŵõǮơİϴĲ
̧ؼҺͼڴϺߺߣԺõģȺõġҲһӵĻء
һߺߵӣһűĹӾк
***ﻹװ
װװҿ㻹ôװȥɻָһ̺㣬ھ̺㡭
ѽι´򰡣´أΪȥԡҵĸ첲أ˭㵱Ҫ첲ŪҪһ۵ҪιⲻԹҰûˣҪȥװںˣ˰
Ҳʹడ˵ò׵һˣҴġ˼ҲӽôţҲӦø鴲Ϻúõ˰ɡôͲڿɺãҴˣ㲻ҺóԵľˣҪϸŰȥɻģԼţǺ޵ֻסˣ͸Űһÿ
ϴĶȻȻûȥܡڼ֮ҲˣΪһСĵӦˣԴҪꡣ꣬ͣɶ¶ͨţϾͺá
СӣȻڵĺãҲͻȥһ¶ڵġ
ΪСӣٻǲѶΪ֮
һʵʱСҲԸԳĽѧá
һѧȻΪһһѧͯõһͨСõĹ
㣬ϲ̫ɰˣǸССڿϴ
˫۾Цз˷϶һߵţϵ˸ֺǲͣ
ȷʵǺÿȻдǿͼɾȡɣÿ£ҼҲв٣󶫼Ļûءţһʵ
ٺ١ɩӣͱ̭ҵ幤أ幤֪ģء⾭幤ܼ˾ǲġţ˵Ļǿ⣬ʵϣǲĶء
ŮĻɲѧǱҪѧġ
Ů룬顣˵ҲͿɿŮѧкβͬ
ʵ˳ĲôôġţЦ
㶫ҰǮĲϣĲءţɩѧðɣѧŮ٣೤ģѾͷһͱ۸ȥ
ΪСðãȻĵ
㣬ģ˵ǼҵңҪҺڣǽεεӡԽ㣬ѧͷİɣ˸۸ңҾСһȭͷСĵԲԲġ
ţͦԼĴӣЦĿġУУѾͷһȥ
ıԼСߡɬɨһ۳Ȼӵߵߣ߰ɣҰѾͷ
ҲҰѾͷСүС°һ̧ǵľĴ
УүǸСѾͷƬšߺţӦˣǱӵȴʵڵ˵Ƕ࿴ҰѾͷǸŮ˵Ҫ˵Լү!ۣ
ңˣͶ˵һţǣС֣
ллҡϿҵ˵ꡣת뿪ҪǶҵİţ˵ѧ顣ңǸƯŮˣҲǸĵؼõŮˡԺ󳤴ˣҲҪȢһ󶫼ƯŮΪޡ
С룬ǣӵСһѧȥ
ι㲻ǣҵģҺܲڵءţһ·¡
ˣҴӦ˶ҪġҰѾͷҼסҵĻصĽ
ţֻǿССڣһҪȰ˼ҲޡСԴӼ﷢ұ󣬺ǰȣǿǶ̫ࡣ۵ĺӣġ


65 Ȣ

һ·ѧöȥ·ϻвٵСѧá
˵ѧ֮ʱ־վѧſӭѧǡ
ڿСúţϵʱӹһ˿ʧ
Ѿͷûأ־ЦõԴϡ
ҽ£˵˰겻ţҪڼԣԺûռ˱ȥ˵һšСЩ˼ģȴĻ㱨¶󣬱ԹԵվ־ߡ
ĽĴ۾ţ־úãѾͷڻȥӱԲ
˼Ҳأʹò˼ĺߺ硣
ţϿһ͵õ־ϲҲϲĺܡһֱĵŮѧᱻΪѵ¶ԼҲԷĵĻؼҽء
***
Ӵɡ־æµСӣ
ããվӭ־ҪӦЩǰѯļҳСֵҲֵð¶øͰһ
Сһһ󣬵ҲĵӦ֡СȻأʤҲЦ
룬˵СֿԸŮǱŶ
Сһһһ˵ĳƺţҲкǰ˼ҺϲǸصˡվǶһЦЩСܲͷü֡֡ڼҴĸСǺϵĵҲǲ־һʱӴĺãҲͷȥЩҳ⡣
ȻѾͷѧء
Скʱһ
üƾСƺе㲻ǰСҴ̶ء
ӴǸСأϸ첲ϸȵģšҲûⰡ
СúͰȥ˾ȻԴҵġ
Ϊ׵ǽйӵʮҵĺӣΪѧҲǲСˣң⹷ӵǿƽʱһСҲ١ڴ˵⹷ҲСһڡ
ΪԴͳȻĳͻĹҲСúͰ
ƵĿСãһֲ椣Ҷץܰſ¡ߣ֪椣˹ֶ֡
Ī裬С໵һоҪ˹ȥ
ϿˣϿˡʱ־ʱĽסҪڵļˡϿεļʱһͻ
Ȼڷѧ󣬰СõһؼʱС·ЩŲȡ
ι˵ҰѾͷоͺͶ̹װɡȥҪǳ鷳ô죿űĺ˵Сãв̡
ѧʱǸӾȻСȥƧĵطһ١ҪܵļʱֻҰѾͷᱻĲءɾҰѾͷҲòҪͳȻ˵
˵Ȼ֪ҰѾͷ¶ҵģԲߵġǣ¶˵ĺ𣡣ã¶ӦŶҡ
Ҫҽ˵ˣҺҲһѧý㵣ģ˵ˣǳӴҵ飬һỹġߣ۸ңҲݻȥ
СȭͷһΣһҪסᣬٺݺݵȥ˵ģ˴һƣǾ͵ûһ
ҰѾͷӣû֨
˼ȥȻʼǲ⡣;ǿһ״װ֪Щ飬СòԸԼ˵Ҳװ
ŰǸصˣڣ̫СóԿġңСҲһֱ³ɳΪƶ˼ҵĶŮСҲѧų
ȻôţţϷ򸾻ǰԺǽһЩһȻԺɢ
ڳȻµʱ򣬸ڼҵԺҲˡ˲ͺȾơһ㣬Ҳ֡
ڵģúλųΪǰ˼ҿӵģӵľϯҲԺ˿ҪҪ͡ǵׯ˼ңһ档Ǯǿġ
⻰ﻰģ˼Ҳˣ⸣һңְ죬ֻǰæӵġһʱ䣬Ҳڲ²⣬⸣ҵˣ˭
ǳȻҲżڲ²⸣ҵ˻˭
²²ȥҲ²⵽ҵˣԼʶġ
ںʱдţϵһϢ
үȢˣ
***
˵¶ڵĿɵ͵ˡܼҵү˵Ҫ͵ء˼ң˵ô͵˼һʼҵ¼޵ܵ͵ȥ˵ˮϯ氡Ͱ˲һءģǵ͵İھƣ˵Ҫߵİھƣǵðڶٵľưţϲ֪ԼҺͳλү¶ֻǰѴӴǶϢ˵
ߵĳȻֻͷӦţϸ֣ܿչԸԳȢλСʱͶ׵ĲŮӡҲãҲð
أסǺ顣ȻĲɵĻӦţϵĻ
¡ţһҿǺءûȥμ˾ϯ˻ڽôǻϯϣŵʱܼҵ˻ҪӭףҲ֪ô£ǻϱû붴أͿϼء˵Ѫš˵ϲӼ˺졣үһ˲ŵġϧֻȢ˸ռλõλء
ѪˣŽžѪȻüҲܰⱾΣǡù
ɲô˵ڳ޵ʱ򣬾ͺͼŻšȻһ˳һֱűӵܼҡܼû˳ĹһѪءкöڲ²ⰡʱţǰŽˣ氡͵øŰءѹܼҵ˵Ҫ͵¡ҪҼҪȢһϱҲø͵ءϧλһ˲ĵү
ɩӣô֪˼Һʹࡣ˼Ϊһ׮£ϲϼϲءǰֻ˼ұϵ¶һЩ¶㿴ġ
ܰľ˲߹ٳȴߵĩ·´·ľģǰ·϶ƽ
ȢһŻʼҵףֻǰӰڷС£ܰȻĵһֻܰҪפǣٽӼƣٴķչ
ȻһصģֻܰӣҲʹȥôţҲһĺӡȻһûüֵֻ£治˵ôġ
ᴥ¡Ķӣ棬ܰĺӡĺӣܰġ
⺢ӣԲ֪ܰԲܣΪһϢȴҲóȻᶨ֪ӵĴڡ
ɩӣ죬Ҹȥ棬Ҳܹ̥£һƲԣ⺢ӱסȥϣұȥӡ
ţû뵽˵žҪ뿪һʱĿȥϣ⻹ⷿءһʱ䣬ôʵģ磬Ҽǵҵһˣ÷ȥҪ˵ӰȷʵǴĲҲѡң˺棬⻳еҲûһЩϣţҴ֮ҲһЩȥҲã⣬Ҿ˵ȥˡҺҵҵտţͷġĵأҼҵҵĻᰲֵġ


66 Ӫ

һ˵Ҫ뿪¶ǶడȻԸ˻Ƶ°ȥҷӡ
󣬳Ȼӡ
ΪţҲǻ˵ģң裬һεϣҲһͬС
ǰһ뿪
ʱ֣һ˳ϵһһӡ
Ϊʱ޵ģԺӲûڳǾһط
ˣôˣһҲӡ
ڲܹһĶţ൱۵ġ
ɩӣǮǵûҰۻһ㼴裬ҲˡʱºӣҲ˲ġ
ڰᵽǱߺ󣬳Ȼ˵˴㡣ǣҪˣţ൱ķԡ
Ҫ軹вһءʱͿǹʱڣǻҲûɶ¶ҵҵĽչң㲻÷ġҳҲˡʱҾͺչ㣬ĻҪ˰Ǯӵʡŵãôִŵöȡǲ֪һˣǹǮͲ˵ˡóԵôأһˣô򵥵ġҵģ׼ˡ
ţҲǸģŲ룬Ȼһʱ仹治ð졣ᵽǱϣҲࡣΪ˲鷳ǾϵʱȥɢңɢĵطҲǼٵĵطߵġȻ⸽ⶼͶײɵĽ
ڵģǱϵ˼ҲũӶ࣬ʵҲûǵڡ
ΪˣסҲд鷳
ᵽú󣬹µ±ⷻҲˡȻţвסˣڿ֮ǰͳȻһ˲ٵ±ʳ
Լ뷨Ȼ˲ٵ±ζˡ
±ˮ±ˮѼͷ⣬䣬࡭¾Ƶģʳģһ顣Ϊˮ·±ʳÿ±ʳ󣬻ɳᵽͷȥۡ
±ʳζƮȥԶöζٱóԳһ㣬ǺһĵҲų֡
ӴζǺġһֻߣû´ö˾ŵһŨ±ζ
ѭζѰ³ҲʱĽιʳ¯±⣬±䣬ּأζһɫʣζŨζƳءѳԣ߹·򶼿ԳԵء
ѳһг˲ǰȥΧۡ
±ĶζҲ˶֣һζԴһЩġһ֣ζ嵭һ㡣Ͼ±ʳҲаζŨġ¿һЩˣ㰮ζŨġ
˼ңöƫζ嵭Ҳ϶һЩ
ǳų˵ģöٵĶһЩ±ʳؼҡ
˶Ǯ۵Ʒֶడ
±ˮǻ±ˮ±ˮ֮ءӶһ顣Ӷһ±ĻƲӲӵĶƤȻ񣬵ζһĶһΪˣԲģǳԺ󣬻ǻŪһ±±ˮʡ
ɣɩӾûǮҲüʳġһ±ˮ
Ļͷط˾ᱻȥһ£һ㡣ûǮҲüǱũｻġΪˣÿͷ۵±ʳȻڵ۵ĻҪһ롣
һˣˣǺⰡ벻ǰһЩСʳ⣬Ҳ׬Ǯ˻ûݣʹԺ档
æµϴǳͷβ͵ĳȻ̧ͷһк鵽ȫˣҲſĵЦˣţʳȷʵǲʱͷҪæŽԽԽˡҲãܰ
ߵǰˮһͨࡣɲôһæҪ꣬ͷϵ˰ԽԽࡣǰѾͷҪŪʱˡ飬ٰ࣬˴˵ģ߰±ʳҲʹˡԺҲ˷ǵҲ￪ˣҲûʢ
ȻͷţȷʵġҪǲæµĹͷĵط͵ءֻȻҲС׬һ㣬ȴǻ۵ġ
˵ţȻķʳתƤȫɾٷϴϴ
ЩˮȻ˵Ǻܱ˵ġһٸӶܸһˮ󳦣ģЩȴǼʱġһ㼫׳ԳζˮǺóԣǼҪ顣
ڵģڻ·ݲ£Щæ˵ˣرѰΪˣԳȻŻҪϴЩࡣ
ͣɶ˼Ѿͷ˵£ˮһţյǰһͷѯ
ͷҲóԣͷĿ⣬ǺóԵĺܡرܴ˼ҵϲϧͷҲǸûճë͵˹һһ١
ڴ󲿷ǳţ
Ͱȡһ򵥵֡ͷϣвٵ»Ķ̹֮ô
ǸɻҲóԷǲУͷ˷ʱ򣬲Ҳк̼ܶңЩ·˼ҪԷַˣֲŪĸˡ
õģǸ¯ӣѳõĲ˷ǹ¯ϡԸݼ۸񣬷ֳ磬߸ͭӵģֻһһءܱ
ʮͭӵģͿԶأܱʮʮͭӵʲôģְ֮Ѳ˳ú󣬰Űڷ̯λǰٸǮģͽ͡
ҲˣͷĵطǿжɣҲͭӶٹ̼ҪһҲһͭӶ㾭Ӫͣ߸ӶһһأܱǺгİһݵĲˣŲô׬Ǯ۵ĶˣǮҲٰ
ֻӪֳʳ̫ۣʳ⣬ҪֿͣءҪģҲûôְ뷨Ǻõģȴѡؼģ󣬿һҲ׬ͭӶۣӣ̯Ҳ
ȴĺȤٺٵЦˡѾͷҷ⾭һһ׵ġһƵ·ɶ͵⣬ǲġһȥðǴл˼ңҴҵĹ¶ĸȥ⡣
ŶȻ̧ͷһۣü¶˵˳ǲ֪¶ҲءǴԼҵģ֪İɡ˺Ǻѡϧ˰ǰʱ˵ɽʯͷڸˡֻ¶ĸģ˵ӹͦѵġ˼ϣҰæⲻءֲСˣ⣬ҾǰѶѾͷ㲻ɣ


67 Զ

⣬Ҫ¯֮ģǵиŻĵط
йһ㣬ȻûԼе¶֪һǡ
ѽҲǣϾǰˡȻڲסǶǰ˰Ž塣˭ܵԺĸӻ᲻˵©ءˣⶫţǲܷġˣҲǼǡѾͷ㲻Ǻ¶¶Ƿˡ
***
ȻЦҲǣǴ̫ںǣҲ̫ˡΪ̫ںԲź˱ʡûйϵҵе棬ܲá
͵飬˵ˡ
һСʱ򣬳Ȼɡţһȥͷ
ΪС꣬ͷⲢܵӰ졣ʣ˵ҲŲæڴϡ
Զ͵ⶼ൱Ļ𱬡
ϵ߻иСĸһҨˣһǮһߵĳæµʳû뵽Ҵһ⣬ȻӵҲǣԷģеֻһ׷еʳҲǺܲһٷʳ
벻ȻˡףǱҲһʳءţϿŲԶһͬǳ±ģü
ǣʼ±ʳ˼ҡгġĿǰҲߵġٶˣҲЩ취󲮵һֱ㣬Ҫʱֻ˶ˣռ̫٣ûء
֮ȻǺ˽ġһ˽һгϾʳ棬ҲһɡĿǰ˵ĹҲǮţϵĿ
Ҳûеǿϸˮ⡣
ü˼ҪôȥʱԶȴߺ
ÿÿ̵Ľˡ
̣
Ȼ˳ſȥģһ˽̧Աߵߺȵ̧ŽӵˣȴǽŲỺĺܡ
ѵǳ˽ӣҲܶȴˣ
ܰķˣȻôֵĺġң˵λˣǴӲ׳ŵġĿǰȻˣһŮ˰ա
ءλ˵žѪ̣û뵽ܿԳţҲһ쳤˲š
ܼ̣һֱǸ˵һĴڡ
ǰܼҵ̰˵ǻװףǿǹءףүͬء紫ǷǼٵİ
ȻͣǸӰʱɫ˲԰סΪʹģǣĿǸˣģǻ᲻ܿƵʹˡ
ԶһЦӵλӣݣֹšһǰһֻǣΪЦݣӵĮԶ
ֻһۣȻȭͷ֡
һλʮҵ֣ʱѽ򿪡
ȣȡһŮӱ㴫һĿ
֣ܰӹŮ˵ݵǰ֣˵һͺãҡ
˼Ҿ㿴ȡȡ
ˣվ̻ؼҡܰѸȥһ̧ʾ̧ߡ
һš˼ƺиӦһͷͷĵط
ɡιУͦŶӵĸ˱Ӱ˵Ϥ
ٹٿʱӰȻԶȥ
ȥˡĸߴ١ӷģǣˡ
£˶⣬ֻǶ࿴һۣҲ泩
ֻǣһ黻ģֻ˵ĮԶĹػУʹ
ظʱߵ֣֣ΪʲôԶĶңҶҪôܻһۣ
Ů˵ţҭ˸УȴҲֿ
̾һιιˮŽϵѪ΢С㰡Щ鰡ģ˵̫ݳޡԹֻԹ塭
˵⣬û˵ȥŮȴỨͷ­ǣ֪ҵһֱá֣˵ĶԣˣǲӦŵõͰֻǣҲģİһˣ֪ġǸʵֻҪ˵ҿԴӦ˽ӽġǣᡣ
Ϊһβ裬ҪȰҪ˵ȥȻ⻰֪˵ҲûáΪС̫áʱȻҲܳ裬Ϊ岡ԭСһֱܵĹա
Ȼв˿ѹ֣һֱܡ
ò׼޸˵궩׵ү˳ĵ̣ǵΪֹү˱ϵĹգǰЩһαĹ⣬ҲԸСһֱĹذ
СҪģֱĹգҪģһŮӿͰȻֶС˵̫ݳޣ
֣̫̰һЩҲ֪˳ļ޸ҵ̣ԺܽǼҵأһõĹޡҪΪҵҲԸ¼
ǣһֻһ󣬾Ƕһ۵Ĺذǲ֪СʱҿĵһۣãһõġǸ֮ҲӦ֪ˣңȥҲ̵ܰݳߡʸߵķأԶˡ
˵Ľӽʳһɡ˫ԭ۾ʱķ
ֻ̾һĵԽŨСڣֻƾһš
һԸԳĽүķĹ
һ뵽λһȣҲ˿ˣСôãҲûλӻܰͣ£˵ĳ˲ɫġ
ģ̫̫СԸ
С㣬˵Ķԣôһӣ㶼ֻԸԳүߡοﻮһ˿ôҪСԸ
ڣһܰػ
***
үɽϵӽˣҪȥϢһʱôæ꣬Цѯʡ
ʵʦүȰ˵ģ˵үæµȥ̫ˣҲʱɢˡȻҪţʦү˵˰ǵݽϲС
ɽϵӣܰüʡ
ӣ֪үɽϵ顣
Դү׺λүеλŮӣƺҲүˡ
ȥʱү㲻˵ҪڰŽ幺һЩأҲðһЩᣬʱɷȥɢһĵôү¶࣬¶ƺȫ˰
һᣬܰǰ㸡ֳŵһһЦ˵
ԴӾ׺ͿĲȥȻ챻һᣬŷ֣ԭԼһֱİ˵ȥ


68 

ֻһСС飬
ţϢƺҲʲôܰȤ
ҵʰǲ֪ҲӦڼµİգһʳ⣬¡үʵǾ¥ҲԽһЩǵʳģҲǼЩʳζȷʵľ¥¡˶ȾƵģһЩǸүȵģЩھһϣҲѧ˹ͣҶӡ
һ飬ֻΪŰѾ¥ĲɫĸһЩϾȾƵˣϲе㷽ʳ
ţǸ飬Ҳѧ˶ء¶͵ȥɡҪó֪Ǽҵľ¥һҾ¥ǸˣүҲ֪
ļȻҲȾָص⡣һҺ¥вݵġľ¥Ǿ¥жľ֣
ֻҪǱǮˣһᵽ¥ĸĸס
¥һҹãҲ˲ֹⱾ˰¥ǸһЩǮүշתˣܶ඼Ը¥ֻΪż򵥵ĺ¥Ǭ̫㡣
طԷ֣ģھǵĶľ֣淨еһУ⸽ʮ⡣
Ժŵ˵Ϊ¥ԭͷϵҲ͸ӵ
ү⺣¥⣬һֱǺڹһڵɲһܱȵء˵š
ʱ˴ӣүܰǴ˱㿴ǲǰˣ¶Ͻѯʡ
ǣɽϵĸл㱨
û˵ܰǽӹ
Ц۾ɽλǶүĪӰ찡ǺжҲӲ֮һء
***
ڣȥ̽ףһϢܰü
ǣʱҼλȥ߷ùģСڼҡǸеڹЩغɽ֡ϸͷҲû̧Ļ㱨šȻãǰǲڡ
ȥɡ
ȵϸߺСսүȼٵĵط
ܰڵĿһۣ̫࣬С壬㻹̫ѽҹţҲӦȥϱ߿ˡ
Сһɫ˲ͲҰף飬үðɣСĻǺܶءϱߣү϶ίɱȥġ찡һεƨȻûĺãĵϲ˵ҪԼŵϵĵطǵطȻ羰ȻطıҲǼ˵ءһпһȺƢļһǡЩһԲϣˣҲºݵү£µģɵϵĵطȥ
ȥɣү͵ġܰЦζСȴЦݣ˵ĲⰡ
ǣȥ⽱ͣүʡ˰ɡЦүƺľ˵Ҫ͸Ů˸ҪҵĿ϶ԼϲƯŮˣүͰ
ȥܰŴ⣬Ǹˣȥģ
֪ģӦò˵İ
뵽ЦḧһɰɰǵȻ˯ڿջʱߵġʱҲû룬ǿžˡ
˵ʵȻ治ôһɰ󣬾Ҳ
ŮˡһȻĳ̾ɫٶȻָƽȻ·𣬸ղŵֳ
***
ŶҲɹඡŵмĹӣСŰܡ
ʱ乷ѧܶģСҪѵһþã죬ԸԳ
˭˭˭찡ʲôйʺޡӿΪԼϵһһŵĺںĶķζҪըˡ̫ȱˣ˲˵Ū˲ٵĹʺֻҪһͻһһŵĹʺİǳζĵθᶼҪ³
Сǲǡɶġ
ƿڴʱСקŰܵԶԶġ
ڲƺСЦš
̫̫ˣŶҲҲҲôôȻŪһסŪ˹ʺӣʺ͹Եء
СһЦţһߵİֻǿıֱվǶֻǣĴ͸¶ĵĵɪ
ι˵᲻ᱨѽֹˣСҲ뵽һ⡣
£û֤ݣҪи֤ݡҶôӲܵġ侲ķš
СЦļ죬ˣԷʱˣȻҽʱĹȻҲΣ˵ôôҽ¶
С˵־üȻǾȹͽȣȻǽҪڲȷ־ԽôʱСһǺάԼĽġ
ţ԰ΪʲôҪҵ飿йڶҵ飬Ҳֻ֪ȥˡԺʣ۾ʵ˵ǲҰѾͷ˵ҾȥأҲҵ˵ҪءҲ֪һܸܻܵã
İɣҽһǲµġȥӣҽȥʲôأĽڼҵӰһᵽȻСҲȻȻҲǺõġȻϲĽڵӡ
ֻҪĽڣӣһһ
ˣˣȥһõȼءקСвٵĲҶӣĵЩҶҰѾͷ
ȻȣСǺٺٵЦаĹػСءСѾͷŰԺ᲻һֱôãûߵܵܺ󣬻᲻ҲһĶҺã
סüһۣ߰ҰѾͷ
СûõԼҪĴ𰸣첻ֵĵӣ˵ʵҸĻ᲻ң
ִŵĵţšСǸġôҲϿɵҰѾͷȻõİȻõܵܵĳˣҲǵġ
СüӣһǾò⡣ҪõأֻǰҺһ𿴴вУҪôҸءףˣҿ˼˵ϱӣˣԺͼ޸㣬ϱˡҲΪϱңͲĺóˣҶҵˡ
ҡͷֻ˵Ц
***
Ȼӣţٲʱ۵ڴϲϵĺС
һߵŵǵվţһḁ̃ԴˣټӰѾ
⣬Ƶ°ϵȥεĳȻͷĵһۣƵ°Ͻȥյˮȥ찡ȥԼ͵ۻˡ


69 æ

ֻǣţϵļ﷢ɲִôˡ
ִӣһβԣҽвġʱ˶ʸ
Ժŵ˵Ů鷳Ǿӡ
ÿһӣͼпǰһġ
ĺӣѾ£м£ţһ
ӣ˳ĳ
ͷԼԴĶӣѹ󡣲ΪģԼƺԵ̫˵㡣
ӣҲŵĹЩȥ֪ӻ᳤ء
УΪԺ˳һ㣬ұҪʳǰһԾͳԡӣΪĸƽԺٳһЩɡ
žĵĲҽȻϵ
໡ۡ
ڣﴫ
Ƶ°ϲĺˣˣڳˣ찡ӲֹŮĥ⵱ҲܰǲĴˣǵĺӡ
ǳˮң˽ȥ£ȻһЩܼġ
Ƶ°ˮݵȻƿȥһŨصĲѪζǺһ£ŴţϽϽˮȥ
ϲλүء⺢ӣĿ׳ʵ˰ء
ſ佱ţţֻǿһۣ۾ʱȫˮһǣȴЦݡ
ԴӴǸȥ˺ģһֱӵһӡ˵ڶӣãԼȥĺӣֻعˡ
ȻŲССһ۵ģЩ̥֬С첲СȵȴߴšĳСһǸõļһ
СӣءȵŰѺϴɾ󣬳ȻźȥƵ°ڻ˲䣬ȻͻȻãʵðΣºƺҲǲġ
С˶۾СӣɰѪഫԭǸȴֺ˸оȤĴڡ
ţ˺Ӻ󣬳ȻԸΪū˼
ţĵڶ죬ȻûƵ°ȥ˵Ҫ˺ļԹѡ
һһķ򸾣ӡңһһ򸾴Ÿˡ󣬲Եһˡ
ļ棬ȻģǶķ򸾣ӵĸһЩ
ΪǶԷ򸾵ҲвˣֻҪúõĵ̣Ժļӡ
ǶԷ򸾣Ҳ˫ʮ껪ˣһֽڿˡҲܸɡֻǣóȻ⡣ڽŵʱǸڿСԺʱһţĮվǶȻģΪūҲǿһҶҵģ
ңһҷ򸾴ˣԵмȻɲˣһһңȻǱ̭ˡ
ȻλǸĺӻڶ棬Ҫλ̵
һңȻǺҺ˼ҡκΣֻһŵġҪģһܸɵĸˡ
գʣԵһˡ
Լ֣˫żϵȥΪ˰ϣ򸾰Ѽس۵մźӳͶײɣ뵽ΪūΪΪūȻΪūˣɺôģһһΪʱֻһ㣬Ҫһ˶һ
ԵһˣȻ˵㣬Ҳ׾ͬģǻһŮӡ
⺢ӣԺ̵ĺˣ϶Ǹİ֡óȻģԵĸˡ
ӽźһֱʵվһߡԳȻҲۺΪҲҺʵĸ˼ҡ
õģʰĺܸɾ࣬ĳƽʱǸʰĸˡ
Ҫһˡһˣ˽ʮ˻塣Ȼ۸ˣȻԶţҵ϶ġ
Ժ˵ĵطȻܶ࣬ţһңһ˵İæĻҲܼһ㡣
Ұ˵⣬ҪһٸӶĻʳѣֵôҪ˵ͲӦ˵ġڻôּ࣬٣ȥǺãţӣһ뵽һˣڵĻš
СӵĳȻڶźءҲ˫ӵˣˣûҲɢ²ʱͶţϵС
СѾʮˣϵѪ˲١ԭҲࡣνһһġ
ȵţ˵ĲˣȻŰС˫ӵˣСҲұá۵ĻŰ
ɩӣ˵һ飬ǮģʡġҲ֪ɩΪҺáҵľԺ㲻ɡȻᵭĻҲû䡣ȻţϾĪĸоѹ
ȵ뿪Ҫţϲų׵ԼܰѶҵӿǲԵġôţңǶҡ
̾һţϴӴԺ˵顣ͳȻҲһЩҪڡһеı仯Ȼȴڡ
ң󣬲ôţԺ󣬶йءڰѵˣԺ£Ҳץš
±⣬ȻΪһæҲܼ˰æϴһЩˮͷ֮ġ
֪ǳԼڰˣҲ롣ʵֻǼµʱ䣬ȫͦġǶ༸˳Էôǣһ˵⣬ΥңڶһˣҲӦǸѧһġ
һ죬ڽ̵ô±ϡ˷ܵ˽ѾͷѾͷ⣬Ⱑ
ͨĳȻֺΪһջ裬˵ֵ˷ܵģ˵Ѿͷ
ʹعһˮѾͷǲ֪Ĵء֪Ǳĺ¥ɡ
һả¥Ȼ۾Ҳˡ졭ͺ¥Ҳ⣿ѽҪҪ⻹Ǵ󰡡֪ģ⺣¥Ǳһľ¥ңҿǺĹģǳҲȲ˰Ǿ¥ռصĶءĵطÿⶼõĲˡ⿴ǰĳҶĽĲˡֵطҪҪǼҵ±ʳ⡭
ʵ±ʳʱ򣬳ȻҲҪҴ¥ʳǵ˼Ҵ¥ĳʳͦߵġ±ʳҲڻĶҪ¥ȥ˼ҲҪءңʱҲֻгϵۣ¥һǻûȥԹ
ٺٵ֣ǰҲû뵽¥ȻҵңҺ̸±ʳ¶ѾͷҪ⺣¥ˣеæء


70 

һӣǿæġ֪ǵһ˼Һ¥Ҫ˶ٽﰡȻǸֵͣٽ൱ƽʱ۵Ķ˵һæĹ
ţأʱǺǴš͹ȣӢš͵ҪˣǰȻҪΪ˺һѡ
ʱȻ˵ļ±ʳȻҲС׬ҲϾСǮ˴һֵܷǮͲ࣬ȳ֡ԺˣܰѵϸλɳȴҲͬˡ
˭뵽Ȼһֱĵ׬ٵ¶һ͵õ׵Ľ¥Ȼ±ʳ¶Ϊ˳ûֺǡ
¥˶ЩŴү̵ľӶࡣЩ˵θڿǼ̺ءʳ⣬ɵ͹ȥѾͷˣܲץסû׶ء
ȻҲ˷лعСȷ̸ˣɿ黹ûء¥¥ȻøߵһЩҪôֳڻʳʵĿθ䣬Щ˾ʳϵεأ
ȻŬĻִһЩƵһЩ
뵽һЩͷоת֮Ķ
ֻǣǾӪ±ʳȻ͵ÿһЩʵĳԷ
һЩ±ˮͷǲɱġִ±ˮͷǿһȴ˵Ĳʽ
ڱģͬ±ʳΪʲô¥һƴ̡¥õϺõĴ̰һװ˿ɱȵġ
һЩˣбĶ棬һЩ̰衭ðɣֻΪ˽ƵŪʱԭͨһЩ±ʳر±ˮ֭Щ±ʳҲ̨ܰġ
һ˼Ȼųһ߰Լ뷨˵˳ңҲֳһ仨ú̳ܲĻ꣬ǩһƯĻǸ㶨
ҲܳɣǳԷǿأɵɵʡǶ仨Ǹˣ˾ϸİͰ
Ժ϶ġЩŵĶҲýӴһЩǺ;¥˴򽻵ЩҪѧᡣ⻨ĲôãʤβϰŤŤĵ̻䣬ȻЩաŪȥֻ²һ˵˰չ鲻ȫţֻһЩ򵥵Ĳɫֵ̹ջ
ֻӦаɡҵջǲġ㣬ʱҸ游ѧ˲ٵı֯յءⶫҡǾǵһ仨ô𾪹󣬱ӹĵ
˵ֻǿˣѧѧһ̳һĻ
úãٵһӵͣǱģ뵽ĺܾµģƯĻ仹ж֮ĶСǩİɡȻǿ´½һͰѴ˵˳
˼ţͷò˵ı֣֯ЩǼֵġû󹦷Щ㱻˸־ƯĻ䡣ԼһЩĶ͡
ȵϰѼһϴٰкõ±ʳźӣԱߵ׺һЩˣԼɫҶʱ
ԹԣƽԵ±ʳôʡ
ⶫôӣ裬оͲһҲɵɵʡ
ֻгȻ㶨һУҲˡ
ˣЩǸ㶨Ҫģٶ࿪һЩ±ʳ¥ҲҪһЩڻ±ʳǣҲԾ¥򲻵ʳСһǼҵ±ʳƣܺܿĴ졣󲮰Ҹ㣬⿴С⣬ˡԺھ¥˳ˣЩʳĳ˳ˣԺͲ׵ĻңпΪǴһЩ벻ءҪ֪¥ĿǼġ
¥˵ǼҾ¥ʵҲסޣʳ֣ȼΪһĵطңһƬһĴ¥طĿ˵ĴһѿڱȥˣԺ󲮼ҵ±ʳˮǴߡС⣬ҲСĵ
ΪǾ¥⣬ǵһΣһ˶ʮֵġ
ʳķ棬ȻҲ뵽˲ʺϾ¥ġ
ңһһЩͷмᣬȣ֮ʮʳģõͨ±ˮõĻ±ͺ±
ִרҵͷ±ʱҲеġңʱֻͨİ±±ʳģӾϣͺͱ𡣶⣬Ҳýھ¥߹󡣹߹һ뵽ʶȻƲסЦ
±˵Ҳʺϣ˵еѶˡϾǰҲֻǳԹ˵±±ôҪ˵ⶫľ治
±ϵһӵ١Ͼֻ׶ΣվһߣȻָųһЩָֻӡһõĻ150ˣҶ100ˣɽ50ˣ25ˣ50ˣɰ25ˣը150ˣըʽƤ150ˣ۲150ˣ150ˣƾ1000ˣ250ˣ⼸ִеĲϣζЩǲеġ
ʱʳвȾģһЩȫñĲġ
ɳǽֶǱز٣ûеĲϡôأ
Ǿñɡ
ɳǽԴ̩ʵϳȻ治ǺϤġ֪һ㣬ִɳ轴
ɳǽҪõһЩɳ轴ϣȡɣɳ轴á
һЩɳ轴ϣķ˽һʱĹŨɳ轴˶룬ôŨĶ±ʳﻹóԣǶԲˡ
ٳɳǽʱࡣ
ɩӣڰҷԸĽУܲϴɾгƬá
۲ˡˡϴɾгɶδá
Ҷϴɾгĩá
콷컨׷ֱЩĥ˵Ķˡһߴá
ڣҪڹˮȻҶˡܲ۲ˡգտС󡣰ʱң̳éҶˡܲȣˮ
϶ʱֿʼæµѡʳġ
ǰϰϵ±ˮȻ̾Ϣô±ʳζҲãĲ֪ô˵ˡ
ҰЩͼģ±ζ϶õġҪԿţʳģҪôࡣ˵ʵҵҲ۾ءΪȻЩʳȫˡһĸ̾
Ȼ֪ȻĿɸղڳϵʱҲǿˣЩƷ֣Ҳϰ֡ͳЩϵʱ䣬ͺʱһʱ


71 

ţЩԺ󻹵øĽҲеģҲ̫ȫ档ЧɡȻһҲû
һߵɳ©ʱҲൽˡʱ䣬ˡǳɹˣֻҪӰӵİء뵽Щʱ䣬̫ˡ
ˣˣҹǿʼһмۡɳ轴콷顢ˮӽȥ͸ټ뻨ţ̡֭Σ컨顢ȳ
ò˵ϵٶȣȷʵǲġÿһ裬ĸŽŲ
һ䡣
ϣ˸
һŨ㾭òɢӵţϣҲԶԶŵŨζ
ҵ찡Сڸʲôôζⲻò˰
⣬˾ŵζ۾ɵĴģϵζȵζˣ˺Ҫҵζķ
Уζ̫ŨˡҳԱȫأûŵζߵȻǸˣһİãǳʳ
òŵһ֮ϲζﻹܷŹ׼˷󣬱Ȼ
ȻָմϳζЦˣãڣǿʼֻ±Ҹҵ²ܴﵽǰζǰٷ֮ʮζҲǿԴɵġ
ĿҲʳԼĵɻ󣬣Ѿͷ⡭ôܶôĶѲɣҲ￴ģ
Ȼ˴ٺһЦ԰￴ء˵ƷΨж߰ĶడҲࡣҸŶ󲮣Ȿ飬зġҵ˽⣬Ǹˣǲ˻רעⱾġҲʹûءٺ٣˵ǲǷţҪΪʲôô±һ᣿ЩʵȫԼġٺ٣ԼԹҰ
Ҳ͵ͷǣǣǼѾͷǸءۿʼһ±ʳİɡ˵ɶ±ǿܰ첻ѽ
ʱⶼˣҪɵʳĶû㶨ʱһ±
ţʱˡ֮Զ±ʵǱõġȰ±ˣԺ˵ҪҪ±Ͼ±ϵͶҲ١ǽǮͺķ˶ʮӰҪǲɹɾʹء
˵ʵЩϷãóȻ˺һֻҪһ±ˮԺͽԼˡϾ±ˮǿһֱظõġõĹУֻҪʵʱټһЩӦõϾͺá
Ҫִĺö±ʳ⣬˼һ׬ôء
Ϊ±õ٣
顭顭ڸŲ׼±ʱȴһֵ
Ȼüͷ΢壬ȥ
ͷʳģһеĸˣȥŸɶȥ˭Ҫǲɵˣ˾ͺá
ȻӦͷҲûǿȥ
Ŷӣĸ⡣
˭ŵʱ򣬿ľһ׷ͷվ⡣
˿Լʮ꣬ȻͷףӡҪģ˫۾ȫûһ˵Ļңߵ߳ߡߣǼٿġ
ͷ·ҲͨһͷǸ˼ҵˡˣôѾͷ⣿
ͷֺõ¶һĵЦݣ㣬㰡ͷ澭СĵľŵζͷӱİûУͰԺ֡ʳϷϲԸؽ򡣡
һ⽴ϣȻǵñ˵Ĵѣһλˡ
ȻҲĬĬվںˣڿһöʱɫһ䡣壬ûǴӦǼġ

ü˼
˼ңղżֻһֽϣǵʳﻹûءңʳһˣҲ׼۵¥Ķϻذɡ
һеԥ˿˿ƵζƮյҲ˲ϡ˼۾һɣ˵ôô鷳¥˼ҳǳֲɣһĺáаҸ㣬ǲʳң˼һͲء
ι˵ˣô˰Ҫۡ
һߵĳȻںסҡҡͷſλˣ˼ҰҪʣǵҡⶫϾǵһҲ֪ЧΡһζĺãĪԹͺá
˼⻰Ҳ⣬ããѾͷҲ˵
ɨһԲĶӣϼһȻ󲽵ȥӣ˵һһҲûԼǴ͡
ٴҡͷǼʶ̰Եˡ
ݺ󣬳ϾͿʼô±ʳ¯±ζһǸ֮ǰټӴġ
֮ǰϣֻһԣһοҪϡ
æĲˣ˼쳤ͺһߡ
˼ҼңͺգءϺȲ衣˼ҿҪȻЦһϡ
Ҫģֹ±֪
ôţⶫҲǲŷģһѧˣ⻹Ҫô
Ȼ˼ҿǺܵ壬Ҳ͸ɡ֪֪治֪İ۶ǻ¶ġ
һͷųȻ˵ѾͷղŻ佱˲ͷ˼ˡˣˣСգһ治ȥ͵ѧ͸ĺȲգףʲô裿
˼Һžջ轲裬ֻζֵֹġ裬ǳȻԼƳġ
ջȻժһЩҰջɹɶɵġ裬һ轣һ棬СƬҶһӵıǡ
ִ
ûȹݷ˵Ĳ裬ͦرġ
ԼģζɻʺϣȻЦʣΪһˮ
УУȹľջöˡջҰջҲݳŨĲѾͷ㻹аȻ뵽ķǸ͸ˡ
佱ȻֻǵЦ
ϸһ³Ȼ⸾Ƕȴһĸһʣ㲻һɵġ
Ѿͷ㻹治ӳˣҲˣҪճһԶ϶ǲһԡ
ȻǺǵЦ⻰ɲýӡ
趼ȹһ±˲ǳˡ
ȵţϰЩǣģ󳦣ͷ֮кãóһЩںö˳ʱϹǵһ̳ʳǿˮʹʡ


72 ̰

Ư⻹Ưǿžԣš˿ζ㣬㰡ڣ˼һζ
Юһڣ˼۾ܣߵĳȻ˽ŵĿǷ˲ٵѪİԼţЧǲġȻ˭֪˼ôĸоأǰλˣһǶԳʳоģҲúãܳˡֻǣô첻֨
ûɵľͽⲻĽʳˣʣôôզԵô
ԽߣϻԽżֻؽš
ºüһĳͳȻ࿴һۣˣˣ¿鷳ˣ飬ⲻʺԼԵĶʺϱ˰
ԭĳȻҲеסˡ֮ǰϣǺܱ׼ûզζأ
һҲų
࣬ζ΢ȴ͸Ź㣬Ժŵ˵±ˣɱ֮ǰİ±˲ֹһ
ôóԵ±ζ˼һǵһγԣЩȫҪˡʱϹһЦӾһ߶ȥǵԣƺ˼ʳһˣȴһģѧ˻ʳ
˿ѽ谡˼һҿŻ˰óֱ˵£ŸΪʧء
ϺٺٵЦʳ۾ȴĵ˭֮ǰţ˵ҳԡߣҲ㣬˭
໡ⶫȷʵǵһģһξ˵ĵصգĲι˵׼۵ļҾ¥ԺҲȥǱ߶ȥ
ζԹζȻ̰ͼʰˣͶԳʳá
Ȼȴʣ˼ҰҲ㰡ôˡٶ±ʳϲĵһЩõĲ˶±ʳʳ˭֪߻᲻ڡȻҲǺĵȰ䣬ϾȻ彡׳Ƕӡ̫ˡ
һǳԻԷʵġ
***
ϵӹһ˿Σ˻ΪԵûƹҪҲһĵܳˡΪŵ˶Ǽģ˸ţ㰡
Ѿͷ¹ܣˬ˵˵ˣЩԵĸˣǸСӣϽٸҰҺôȥԡ
һָܾһߵĳȻҡͷȥɣÿٰһ㡣
Ȼÿٰһ㣬һ𣬿ҲˡĶһӣգɲ׷ˡ
˵꣬˼ұŵĨͶҪû뿪
˼ңɵעʳһҪٳԣʳȻڲϵš
˼һͷݺݵصһ̧ۣȣٵ뿪
Ѿͷ˵ô̰ԵͷԺ󣬿ɲҪѧˡ̾Ϣ±ĳʳȷʵǲһġԺ󰡣ֻ±ʳṩ¥ţ¥϶ϲġһûᰡѾͷȥ¥ˣҲ˶İҿ±ĶζٰɷܸĽһʱģҲ
һᣬȻЦ϶ĵͷţǣϣԺ󻹵øĽźáĿǰչ˵Ŀθζ±ʳгˣĸá
ʦү۾̶ԣȻִģӣǺȻģ˼档
ǵ飬鷳ʦүţȻҲͬǴԽʿȻ;ǵЩԻһ򽻵Щ¶ǲаִʱǸСˣŴܰƣǰˡ
ǣ·߰
ۿܰλܺ͹˳ϵŮӳˣһ˳ƺѽЩˣֻܰһݣ˼һʵ˶ˡ
Ƭ󵰸⣬ְ̫
һ뵽Щʦү;൱ķꡣ
ǰĲãʧˣһҪɹһأɹĿ꣬ͲǰһЩ֪ʶת硣
תȻҲҪʹȥϧȴ򲻿Ƭг
ϻƣһȶҿ˺öʱ⴫һˬʵЦ
ʦүЦεҡͷ
̧ͷһߴӰǳȻᾪȵķ֣ˣ֮ǰǼƤڳǿʳͷϡ
ϰһȥˡһɶóԵĻʦү²ĶֽͷÿһܳȥЩϡŹֵĳʳ
ͬԵʦүҲڴΪͷİãġÿҲմ⡣
ϺٺٵЦֽһ򿪣һ˱ôɣ㣬ǿġ˼ҵһôãװ
ʦүЦǺǵĿֽеĺܴĳʳ¿ˮһŵųţĴָζȷʵرҶûԹġȻҲԽģǣּ˿Ƚ±ϣҲԹϾʦүִʱҲֻԼƬط⡣ֻ±
ǣӶ鰡һζ֪кóԵġԲôţҲȥҪЩϼһԵģøлҰ
ϵɪˣһӣʱǺ԰ԼΪġȴʳΪóԣҲޡһĳʳ濴ϡ
ǣǣǣøл㣬Ҫ㰡ҲڽڳʰأԴ˺󣬿ǿųʦүЦţȴҲͣ
ԵءȴһĺУү
±󳦵ϣһү֣ŵɫһ䡣
УУҿɲСӿˣҪֵñڸﲻóȥġϽϽʳ
ʦүҲϣֿŵİѳʳŵһߵĹ档ٰһĨһǰ
ɫ顢һ£ҲѧİһĨ˳ʦүĶ档
ܰʱ򣬾Ϳλ˼塣
ϼһһ͵ءϹЦţһɪӡֻǣ˫۾ȴĵܰԼٺٵЦŴкӰҵʦү
ܰӣУһŨζ
Լ游˫ȴš
ŵĲС
ʹգգ۾㵽ǸϽתСӵעҪˣ군ء찡Сӣôô
ʦүŶ˼ľͲûͷˣŲܰǵ뵽ƽ֮ûУ
ܰͣʦүߵĹӱߣǽһĨЦЦЦݡϿͿһ£ˣˣСӣԽԽ鳭˰ôܷǵطء


73 

ʦүݺݵһţ˵˼ҽһֱϲͣˡǸҲ֪ڵİˣʱһĺأôˣȴĲԼ˰
ܰĴ򿪹ӣ˵±ʳȡٳһ飬ζǰԹζ游ҵ˲Ķ
ϵ˿佱βˣǣҲ˭ҿǳʳ񰡡µԣкóԵģһ׼֪İ㰡˼ҵһҡ
Ҫ̸ȴ߲ʦүٶȺһȡô˵ġ
ѣϴ㶵ĿŽԼŷӦˣɶһһϵȭŹûءǸءҪˣ˹
ŵװĨͣҪٵ뿪ȴܰ游ʱҿλĸ֤ģһҪ彡ҲҪȥġǣôһʱ䣬ƺһҲûȥȥֻλĸƤء˵ôźãҪһϹȥաǣӺ氡
***
µľǱͻȥһﻹнİ
ҴˣأͿкã°˼߾ȥˣԺģٳԣٳЩ
ܰʦүĶ棬ʦүա
Ͽߵǰİյܰǰҡ
ÿζϵʱ򣬶һȰЦݡʦүס۾ô˵ͷӣǲʶİ̫ˣһͻѧСȣҲ֪Ǹ˭ѧġ
ܰ޷ֻ̯֣̾游Ҷˣͺλĸ鼫õģôһ˵Ҫ龩ͻɱ˻Ҫܰ棬Ѳɻã
ϵɫٶȱˣСӰ˼һ仰Ů˰;ȢһͺáȢˣܷ˵ءˣҲգԸٳһ㣬ҲҪȥǵĳͲ
˵ϲԸҺλһ𣬾ʦүҲúˡǰˣ԰˵ǲϲǣǶȢؼô˵λˣʦðλȴ̥̥ȫķˣķˣɲһܵġôڵϣȴı̻Ҫţ
˫ɻֹͷֻǿĿܰӰӦ£ҪҡԺ㣬ܣҳԡ
ʦүʱ򣬡ȡĿһֻúһһֲĸо˵ǿҡ
鲻Ҫ̫ݡôţҲ游õĽֵܡһ㣬Ҳ㵱׵ӿ㰡Ҳ̫˰ϣ磬ʹӦ˰ա
ʦү飬ϸϽͷٿĿǰܰʦүȴܰ˶죬ܣ
ܰҲϵһ濼ǵӣŵͷʦүæ˵ûǣ游°ɡԼ˵˵ģҪİţҪٳԡһ㣬˵һ£ΪʲôȢλĸ游㻹ϲǲ˵һɣҲֻܰͻȥһĸˡ
һһӣ㰮ôžôŰɣҪ֪ΪʲôϲڼңҲ˵ġߣôţ㻹ͻؾȥҿɸ㰡¶ɲ㡣˼Ҿʹˣһˡߺߣܣ˭Ҳ֪
ưĺ꣬ﳤȥ
ʦүЦЦĿŶܰйϺλ˵Ĺ£ǲΪ֪һ氡ԽʦүңԽǺ氡֪ĺèȴƲסѽˣµľǱߡΪλ˵Ĺ£ǵ㣬ҲϧйŹ֣йŹְ
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75 ׬ǮС

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һ仰ȴ˲ľܾȻεݵɣӳƯСϵˣûɫ˶ء


76 һ

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Ҫ֪ŴûִĸơҪţȻ͵һ׵ı²СǼӣ̥λ̥ͷ˳λǿ϶һĽӡ
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77 

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ܰһɨȥŭͷϣǰԼĸкɫţϱһȣŵĶһ޷
ãߡȻĵ֣Լ·һ£̧ͷǰȥ߰ɣү
ŲԶΧ۵ˣĵ˽ָݷǷܼܰҵүڵĻʼݡҲܼҵƼˣһˣȴһͦŴӵĸ
Ȼ³ȥ¶ıܰˡ
ֻǣĿǰȰλү򷢵С
ߵԶһҾ¥ǸղųȻһԹĵط벻Ųһʱ䣬ٶط
˿ȻԲԶţϷԸһɩŰգҺүǾʶ
ţҲҺܰϤģҲӦվһߺš
ȻŴܰĶ档
һҵĺӣȻ㻹аܰĿǰŮˣѧûһʵѹ
ȻǰĲ豭һڣүҺ㡭ƺֻһҹ硢ɣ
ǵĳЦּܰĸСʲô˼ü
ûʲô˼Ȼķ²豭ǾãԽУҲʵһ㡣һҹҵĶӣ
бϵĳԽŨ
ܰ侲˝p
㡭˵ʲôģ
Ȼ̧ͷͬĶүһֱˡͷβһĺӣ޹ء⺢ӣҵģҳȻġҺһҹܸʱ򣬿Ǻȹġܸ֮󣬲Ǳмٰɣ⺢ӵĵ㡣
žܰ߬ıӣ顣
ĶµȻޣĵϧҲֹһˣӵĵˡȻ⺢ĺ⣬һա۾һʹӡ
ܰĳ׵ˡΪ١
үǵһҹ飬粻ԺҪҡֻҵĺһƽӣҲ˷ˣҲԼǵԵ;ˡ
⻰ȻҴȥ
ܰûֻǳճյĿǰһƬ
ģѪ䣬ȴۡǱ˺ݺݵش˸ʹɵ
ʹǸŮйˡޣŮˣˮﻨ
ţСȥʱĺһºӡò׿ȻϽǰҡ
Ȼİַģɩӣߡ
ţϾķ֣̩ɽѹҲɫĶңȫɫɷס
ڳһַֻŷ忇Ľġ
ɥǵӣŵţϸϽ⡣˲ƽʱĽԼӵֱҪ˸˻ȥڳϱ紵ȻĲƽһ㡣
ңȥȵˮţϲʶҷ˺£ǣֱλƷǷүԼܸɵĶңֻкĹϸ
Һ󣬳Ȼ˿ˮϷĵֹһϢ
ʱܸϷ˵
ʲô˵һеĴŮˣģļ
ǣСվԶһŮˣǵǸүͨѾͷܸٴλ㱨
ѹˣãããõĺܰһڵû⣬Ѿͷ飬ºˣ
ܸȴûиЦһֹӡ
ܸҲϷôˣʲô⣬ֱ˵ɡϷ˿ԥӣҲЦ¡
ϷˣҼǵǸѾͷġʱϷȥѽ⺢ӡȷүģ
Ϸ˵Ц˲̡ǰȷʵǱġѾͷºٺүӴ
һ㣬ܸ֪
Ϸף¹ܸĺ⣬飬ȥϸϸĲ顣ǸŮ˵ҪҲϸ̽ˡǰãٲĺô
ǣūһȫˡѾͷһëūҲ˲ġܸϵӦ¡
Ϸ˾Ĵϲ䣬Ϊ䣬֣ʾܸȥ
һֱ̺ѾͷСĵΪű
ҾãѾͷǻܼҵĺ
ǳЦǣϷ˵ǣǿ϶ǡ
Ѿͷֻǣıνأ
һЩ¶ЩȻֱ˵⸮¶࣬ӡ


78 ʮ»̥

ҲóȻô븮Ҫ֪Ϸ˿˵ģٹ꣬ͰԼָ⸮үǡ
⸮үõģĪү
ԣ֪˵һλС檻Уȴ˵͵˵¶Ҳٶ졣
ѾͷܼҹĿм֣ϷչǾͷĿٶѯʡ
һΣ΢һ£ŴӦ𣬡Ҫ˵ɣȹ˱˵ǲôܻеġū澵Ҳֻ˵ѽʱĶǸĵ˶ү֮ǰ˵͸һλߵĺֻܽ¶ūҲֻ˵ôŵģҲǵ˲֪
⻰Ϸӹһ˿ŭ⡣
ѾͷǰôҲ˵һ֪ҾͲȥ塣Ʒ²˵¡ӣôܸү
ֵ̿ĴͷϷϢŭ¶ʱūҲ˵ġֻǣʱүʵЩޡǶΪѾͷͨˡ˭룬ʱȴĶ¶Ļ˵ˡ
ôҲ뵽ھȻΪĶĲرֶɴ˿ܸϷȷʵǺںġ
Ҳߵˣ⸮︮¶Ҳ࣬㼸ѾͷҲҷǣһʲ飬Ժĵ㡣
һӺĺȳѵúҳϣϷЦˡ˷棬Ǹи֡
˶ǳȻһʵǺģұ
ף˸תԸȥ

ԼҵĶŵվһеľᣬԴӶһؼҺ󣬱һֱﲻ
ţϿǻǰǰӹĵģȥգæŵҼС
ţǳСԸ⣬ң˫Ӱ죬⼴ˣҪǲһ㣬ʱ˾ءԼҵ߶߶뿪
ţĿӰԶüƿӡ
ĳȻСԴӵ֪СֽȸСҪ֪֮ǰ׼Сֻöװ
ţݣѵķǰԵգﻹءһνӿɲܶء
ȻͣĻ̧ͷˮһ˿ǳЦɩӣ桭ĻôΪʲôҾã氡
ţ۵ˣǾ˵ڻһΰգҲǰҵôãӣ϶˼˰ء
ȻĵЦԲԲĶһȦȦĦҵĺӵȻɰġ
ǣǣҺӵȻɰˡôɰѽҲóԷٲԷɰҲ㣬˵⵱̫ˡ
һģȻſĽῪĵĳ
룬ţҲԷһ㡣ԵĲʱţٶȿˣǺӡүİգ
顭ĵĵ䡣ĿǰĸˣΪʲôʣô֪ģйܰ飬ֻ˳֪飬ˣô֪
ҵĶҰλүԵ̬ȣҾǸɵģҲܿѽҲǣôܸү˰һӲǵİ⺢ӣܱסôܼ֪⺢ӵĴڣãǻŹ㣿
ţϴӻһֱھ⣬йܼңȻ˽࣬Ҳ˵ˣ
ˣȻն˵ȴʵġ
ţս֣£ɩأɩ˵飬㲻ܻţ治ܻšҪˣӵǵ侲Ҫúõ룬ôܼңôܰѺӱסڲǰĻţҲĿԣΪܼңһǺ˵ĴҰ
ĳȻҵ˴һţϵİ£ƽ
ɩӣæ룬ҽҪôźã
ƽʱǼưٳĻŮʱΪӶǻţЦˡ
㣬͵ŮءţʵɩҲǵĲôȫԲοġҪסӣҪģ˵ǵĵֻͬˣ⺢Ӳܱ㱣ס
һռˣȻ۾ѩ˿˼ĵͷˣɩӣáߣʱ򣬻˳ɶġ
ӣһĹš
Ӷ˸´ˣڶڵԽԽȻȫҲǳһģźЩˮס
Ȼ߼ͻüǻÿŴԺߵԺǶתüȦĻš
ԽҪٲԽҪ
һ죬һȥתȦʱǰӰ
Ǵڽŵ㣬һΣȻŽţƽĿһԼˡ
ߣһֱͣ󵽲˼Ķϡ
ˣʺ򣬾˴ֿһ޵ʵһ档
һ˲䣬ܰڲһֻþƺǰվŵŮӣһֱһ𡣸ղţֻƴңİޣڼԼ
ȻŬάϵºЦݣԼЦȻЩɣɻĮȻûɵĽš
ӳϣһǳǳλ¡ܰųµůůЦʱȻĴˡû뵽ǰˣҲůЦݡ
ǱʱȻ˵ջġ
ĺա
ţе㣬ͦĥ˵ģɩ˵Ǻӽı֣˵ء
ǰӾӦƤʵһĺã˷
룬⺢ӿ϶кӡܰ˵
̼Ȼ죬ŮӣŮӶС̫Ƥ
ܰ룬ƯȣţҲǰŮ㣬ƯáĩСĵĿӣңһ𣿡
ŵɫȻǺǵЦţء
ǵõ˽ĺӣܰ˷ܵ֡ɿԲĲ󻰵ĶӣֽˡüëšһŶôôĶأҲ̫ѽ
µġѽڶأڶˡȻϽǣסԥ֣̥ĵطСһﶯĶ໶
֣ܰѹĽģǸоѹС˵šȻһƤײȴܰĵɴ۾찡ڶ
ûй˼ɵЦָܰźһ𶯡ӣҪӵ
ܰɲ˵أľٶЦء
ٺ١ܰҲ˼ͷûƽʱĮеģֻһʵģΪ˸ڼˡ


79 һ

ԶС౵ųţһж˵İ͡
ĻģҲĺº͡
ģһҪʦүһԶš˳һܻع顣ǲ˳ڲĬһ£ܰ³һ仰
Ȼһϲŵʧ䡣ڼңʹẢǡȻôֺѹֵĸо
ţ㡭ú˵ġķǵĺߺߡ
ҵҵޣܰޣֻһǰֻһжˣĽӻȥġڡʱڻԡѾͷúñأһ
ⷬĳȻõüĿޣλô죿ޣܰһҹ飬ûҪ̫档
ҸƵģܰ³һ䡣ȴóȻףһ׮ֻá
ЩͶ˵ҪôΪǣ㡭ȻһУҲˡܰûаȫС
ܰʹı۾Ѿͷ㲻ĲЩ飬㿴ҲܼңһƬطϰգпΪǸ˵ū
Ǹˣū˵ϣȻȻʣ֮£Ī˵ūֻǻˡ
ɣܰȴҡͷǻϣǡүһɹͻõЩ˵ϿɣһУͽΪĹϽΧǣҲһ˵ūҲʣҲƴһУΪһ˵
үôүǵĻأôԽԽͿ˵֮ĪһүȨôҲлȨƴɣ
ܰĿһۣҲûвͷǰ֮Īʵϣ֮£ϿǻϵģʵϣȴǰүġǱʦүָ㣬Ҳšڽ뾩ǺҲŷʵȷʵġĻϡ̫ˣ̫ӻ̫Ļŵ˽һ档ܰǰүˡһҵϲүۣܼңһˡ
ܰһĵĺͳȻ˵顣Ҳǵһκ˵ܸ顣
һǲףȻ̯֣ΣҲû⡣
ţҲ˵ǲסðɣһΣҺ˵һ㡣
ƺ˾һ㣬ܰǣųȻһǰܸ״ĳȻҲûע⵽Լûųǣ֡
˵ǰЩĻϻǺвŸɵġڵʱȵ£ֶȶ˾ǵȨơºҲһֱչã꣬ϱˡԸ䣬ǶһЩ飬ǲܲţںǷȨ
һУ̽鱨˵ǻ̫ΪҲ֪ڵĻ̫ΪʲôôŰүǷңǺֵܷʮ˳ǰôʹ͸˰ү˵ǰѵµһʳȫү
ȻһĪɵӲɣѵ֪ķһλүĿܣλүȨ죬ѿƣ
ܰͷǰϲӦɵӰƫƫǰЩǸ˰үڵľǣԺŵ˵ǻϵ£ʵϣܶ˶£ǰү¡ķǣλү׿ҰҲС
ʮ˷ʳǺڲϵķչһƬҲүϣһٱү˳õʱ϶Źܸ磬ĵɽ
ܣ磬һ竣ôǰүĵɽȻԺܼ︡ϴӡľһɫԿյӰˣΪҰļҰүĵɽⲻѧ
ҵĺô磬һֱϷ˿ݱȷʵǰүĵ͸ɽǻԵɺϣҲʶơ
ӣ˵棿Ȼٴξˣ⻰ҪǴܰ˵Ҳŵġ
ҲΪʲôῴд磬ֹ㲻ţҲšЩڣǻʼҵˣҲ֡ҪһЩ£׵ĺܡһţйʼҳȻֻǵǰ˵߹ȴвȥǵʥϣҲܰԼŮ͵ЩΪǵĵλɶҡ̫ãԡЩˣܺ
˵ЩܰҲΨпɬһЦ
Ȼǿʮʱչҵ֮šȻǰ֮˵ѹͲʲô
֪ˣУҸоˣе۵ˡֻǣܳôϣĻ֮ˣ
ƾЩȻֻƶЩ֮ˡҲֻˣܸ߸ϣǵʥϣҲÿǵɫ¡
ǣ˵ĴڡܰͷȻҲʲôֶκϵҿ˵ĿģҪƾһˣܼҵһжءңܼҵϮλҲߡܸ֮Ի᲻ֻΪϮ
ʲôܸôȨ󣿡Ȼٴξг
֪ģܸһֱһȨ֮ҡһƬطû˿ԺҲܼǵȨơҲ˵ھǵˣΪǺܵ͵һжû֪顣
ܰͻȻЩ飬Ȼ֪Լ˽ܼңֻǱɽһǡ
ܰζɨһۣǣܼҶϮĴˡĴܼҡȨҲﵽһ㡣ܼҵ˻Ǻܵ͵ģȨѹԱѼ˷ɵ˸ĥڵܸȨˣһղһգϽʱڡÿʱڣλᶼǲҲ̶õġﰵ¶ǺܳġܼңֻҪִģɱЩˣıˣֶεġ
ΪҪѡͷԣҲļ̳̳оλǷǵᣬҲǵġ¶ܸ֡ļѵڲͬ
ܰΪȻһЦįЦȻȻ⣬Ļ˲ˡΪǶҪǸλá
ҲֻǸλˣܻԶȨƻƽ
Ҳ⾺У
ţһˣһزλǣҲᡣĴǰˣʤ㣬˵һٷ֡һλһˣ϶ҡҲΪĹߣҲѾͷңֹ
ǲȢǡȢȥ֪Ǻǡ
ܰʹıۣһ̣Լʧ
һֻսָ⣬Ȼ貵ĿһᡭԶվһߡ
۾ţңƣ
ס֣ܰصͷѾͷһɡ
ʶôˣǵһ̹Ȼ˵


80 ŵ

Ȼܾȣͷ㲻ãͻأôѵ˵ΪһˣҪһͺãܰҪðзˡ
ˣ֮ǰǾãȻվҲܸ̫İݻǣҲԺڡѾͷ㡭Ҫֲίһ̣ܰȷˡ
һֱѾͷǰͺǿƣҲǲһκΣ
ƺ룬ܰ,Ҿܾ
ԭ㷵ˣͻȻһ䣬ǰԵıƽҲܾĻᡣܾ֮ǰүͻ㿸ڸѾͷһ𡭡ӭЩɺãҿԱ֤һһľʡȻ꣬ҿܡʽǸλáȵ鷳ȷǵᰲȫһָĵλ
Ȼܾǣֻ΢ǵͷӦʡ
ãҸʱ䣬ڣҺͺһ𣬶㣬ſֽȥ顣Сλй֮ʵһ㣬ܿ˵ҲǸ֮ˣϣܺܺõİҪ̫ݡ
ͻˣ˵˸ҩʱȥȷʵˣɱһһᱣġ
㵱ΣȻʡ
һ˵Ӧҵڲֶ
ŶҲãȻӦ£ܰοѾͷҶʱ䣬ңһҪҡ
§ĳȻǽűЦݡСغܰ㵱ʲôˣΪ˺ǣڼӦ㡣ʱ䣬һҪǿҲҪԼܱúǡ
ܰ󣬾ǳ׾֮ʱ
ܰȥȻ򸺾εĿıӰԲҲ㸶飬ΪҵĺǣڵңֻôҵΡ
ңǸڵ˰ˡʱȻţ˵¶üŶˣ֮ǰһ˲úõأô˵Ͱأ
Ҳǰʱ仹ĵĺúõģ˵һӰءһӺ˷ܵһкա
ȻţϵСһھӡֻ²ôġҪңȻӽܰ˵ܸȨϷҪôȫѲˡģʵĴѺ
ڶ죬Ȼ糣һԺӺɢ
ӭһĸŮǳЦӯӯһ⼪ĸòƣʱͷ⺢ӿ˰գĸڵˣ֪ôνԺҲ÷һ
꣬ʵĿģֻ¾Ϊ˺ԼϽ
ȻҲףǰµ׵Ӱաλɽҳ¼ҵģһνء˵Ǹڲ˸绨Ŀ˶λءȻЦŸߵŮӣŮӵ˵Ҫ绨ȣǾͲԶˡ
֪ǹĿ佱ŮҲϲɫĳŮĻǺ֮ˣ긾ˣһǸĻˡ
СŮ˵Ŀ佱ءСԺͺͷ˶߶һҿ˵̸²ףѽͶѧŵ
һλСŮӱŰݷá
ǵľֹĿģţϵˣҲĵشĦ
һţϳżˣųȻߵһߣС㣬Ҫҵˣˣסǣ
סȻҧһҩ
Сҡ
ǸȻĺӣүô
˵ĸһݺݵصһۣѾͷ˵ЩʲôֻԶšҲû˵ǺӾһүģĻ˵˵Ͱˡڸ˵ˣǳ¶ء
Сͷ̫Сģ˶˵ǺүģôܲǰǰֻҪºӣѺӱظඡﰡźĵģֻظȥóԵģôôֻ࣬ܿһţĺûġ
˵һ˵Щ˶ӵģһء˵ЩС˼Ŵô˵㰡ͨѾͷɲôõġܸˣүҾûĸжá˵ЩҲûãѽǸϽȥڿɣܵģӣܸҲ˲ˡ
ȻʣҲʵЬȥ˳Ȼҡ
ţ̾һ׼ˡùȣ澪զզĽ˽
ˣˣǸǸŮ˵ġˣĿɿأ찡˵ˣǺӣӻүģ
ĺܲ⣬ѹһţϸ˵
˳˿Ѹղſ˵һҲģȥڿŵôǸǸŮˣȻ˵ġȻǸOҿ˳ͦʵģҲ㳤࿡һˡ˶ԳȻɺˣѺöĶ˻˵Ǹ׼ġ
꣬ɫԽѿڵߵôãȻǺϣ˶ġ
˵ү˺ӣڣͶ˺ܿصġǵȻĺӣϡڣȴɱһˣѵ˵ˣǳȻˣ
û취ϵΧȹ£ת˸߳ӡ¶ϸĴˡҪ治ܸĺӣȻûȥ˵
ӣΪӵģרλϤʦء⼸߲ϣΪʡǮΪ㹺ãӿһƯ·ˡΪڻȵԺӣΪϸõġ
֪˼ҿϵͣΪڻ˵ЩϻɶͦõģΪ滹ءȻһѵĶߵ˵š
˫۶˵ϣһ˿ֻǿһۣ˵⣬Ǽٰġ
ӣͷˡ֣ȻΪȻ˳˿
ȻҲſվŵϣϽĿ˵֣ѽأϽλǸڵһֺ߻ءۼûĺСЬӣӴ
תȫǸм֮ɫ
ٴһ˸Ȼķ䡣ţ㿴°ں˶˫˵Ьӡ
ܸϷϵĻ㱨ɫǶð첻˵
úһߵ㷲Уһߵĺ˸ȵڣҲֻϷߵ˲ܰԼæˡ


81 

İһյŵϷǰϷˣū澲ѧľ衣
һֱϷߴţһ¶һݲľΪˣϷϲԺŵ˵⸮⼸ٷˣϺϷĵλ
úãĲգһѽһڵԺࡣ
ϻվһߣſһʱȥŰɣҪҪȥȻĺĲģȻûҪ˼š
ȵ뿪Ϸټܸ
ϷˣСϸϸ֪ġ֮ǰҲûô˵ȻбˣߵˣҲСŵġȷʵǸɡ
ЩЦˣ֪ˡ
һֱСĵ̺һߣģѾҪ顣
ϵģûһϷ˿ƵȻɨһ飬֪ô˰ɣЩҲ̫ЩȻôͱ¶Ŀġ
΢ݣػػǣЩ̫Щӣ˱ġǸŮˣһϷ˵ģһ˿ĿܣҲүĺ¶⡣ֻǣĲúү֧һô
尡һ˵ܰüճ̾һ⺢Ӵ˺ԽԽܹѽϣһ̽һڷġ
ҹϷ˺ܰһţֺܰеϷ˺Ȳ衣
ҲӦһЩأٲˣûֻ²Ǽء
ܰȻķ²豭ǣĸ˵ļԣֻݵӲôãҲٴ̼
Ϊ룬ȷʵǺ¶ĸҲֻǣݵӹǶãǷ޼з֮£Ҳ޷쵽㻹Ƕɼˣ࿪֦ɢҶĺѽ
ȻǴȰϷ˵ȴЩ
ܰһ˿ӹڣԽԽںĽˡ
翪Ҫƾĺٶһĳ롭뵱ֵĹߣһֱԸڵ¡
ĸϵһܴ򡭡˵ʱܰͻȻΪѵ
ʲôܡ㡭ԵŻˡһߵļ́ͷĿڲʶԵڴˡ
ͷһߣȥȡ⼸˯Ĳѽ
Ӧһɵ뿪
߳ȥ΢Ȼֻ֪ܴܰǣ浽ܰһЩ˽ʲô˵Ķݣ֪ԭ򣬵ҲΥڵ
ûԵˣڲʹĵĿܰҵĹӣ㣬㵱겻Ǳκôôôܴˣ
ܰ̾һһΣĸʵҲóסǻûȬһֱ㵣ģԱ˵ˡ¸ǶҲЩĲʡºרŵĴ˵˵ȴҲ޺󡭡
顭Ĳ豭ûȡ죬ô壬㣬ô
꣬Ϊܰߣȴ֣׵˵ĵطʱרܴȫľŰܰΣձԵλ
º󣬾ȷϣ˵ܰȻáȻ¸ʮܰȴûκá
֪ˣ֮Իܰãԭ򣬾ǵڿܰʱʧְӴ˾ھΣԸ˸ľ
ĸ긺ҲֻܴҪҵһߵϣܴ뿪ҲҪΪҵһЩϡҩġֻǣôûܴϢһġ
һȥҵܴġڿɬ³⻰Ҳû˼ܰ졣
߳Ӻܰ˿
ѾͷΪģҲֻˡΪĸӣҾȻ˵ԼСɫܰԿЦడǸѾͷܲԼĿأ
һ뵽ǸɢĴŮˣܰǳ泩ʶҪˡ

СС㡭ڵ˰ءţϿŸڵϰˣ㻶ϲص߳Ȼ
õһϢȻ˿ĸŮİߣζԼΣҲ֪ܰô˵ҵ̫ŵģԸӴԺ󲻻鷳
С㣬λٶңҪҪŰţϳһߵ졣
˵ʵλٵĶңԽԽĶҡȥǶģ᲻ᱻʵȡ桭
ܰȥûȻ
һҲµ˵ڲ鷳顣
⣬Ҳû˵ģȴһ䣬Լ
ǷţȻþò
ܰңˣҲܺһġԲһעḺ㣡ջȻ
ķĴָͷڣȻĺǲ
Ϊ⼸죬ӡ
ʱʱģʹı֣żῇĽģɹһֽ¸оֻϢ
ţϵ˵ǲǰķӦʹ=
ֻʱ
Խû֪ҪıԽĽš
һȻεͣ²ϵŶӡ
ʱ˵ţŲݡ
ףɩôû򵽲ɶ˰ôͰ˰ɣ
һˣȻʡҪ֪ûɶˡ
ֹûɶˣȫǵ˰ܶûɶ򵽲ˡڵУȫ͵ܸȥˡţϺƣĽ͡
Ϊʲô
ΪȥˡţϵЩ㡣
Ȼ֪ҺүһЩӲ¶ڣûˣ˵Ҳпྡĺˡǣȴǽܲˣܾãôܸþ
ȥôҲǸġȻ̾ʱȼһȣǿҵĸоһεĲһ
һקסţϵ֣ɩӣңҺҪˣһΣһβһŵӣţҲˡչǹˣסû£û£ȷȥϴͷٳ裬ֻǳڵķӦûһСɩӵģµġ
ţֳУСʯͷϽ˵˵Ҫˣȥ
ţ˵ģ֢״ֻڵķôһ
ţϵĻ£ȫϴɾˣڴϴ
ƵйɵĽš
˹ʱӿ̫ܣżȼģû̫ʹĸо
λһרҵƴ˺󣬳ȻеĵǣҲꡣ
һ̺ܺƣҲãΪһ壬źܿ϶Ŀ佱˶Ļ㲻һáûϵģúţΪһ̥λ


82 Ͱ͵ĺ

ŮڳȻĶƤһƣʱѹʱһӣּɡ
ô̥λӣȻ
һ̵ü΢΢𣬡ˣҪң㽻ҡΪ˫̥ķգӦסһ㾡ңĲ棬ļûΪġ
һ̵ԭ񣬶ֱʵ棬ȻģĪľ;
ãϡ
һЦˡ
ʹҪˡǰʹĥ˽һ󣬳ȻڼεһӤĿ
ϲˣǸСӡһ̵𣬳Ȼ۾ƤصĺܣȫƮڵʹҲо
˯㻹һӡһڶ
УһУţϵĿһŭԺУһֻĻе֣Լ̽ȥ
ţǿѹſŵĿŰԵĶңĲϵףһҪͦһ
û뵽һСȻ״£û漣˺Ӽ
ڵģһóֵֺֻϣҲͶࡣ
һ΢Ŀʱţһƨɵڵлллл
ллһ̣ҲлԼ
ϵĳȻµڶʱ׵Ļ˹ȥ棬ѪһΪŮԪˡ
֧ŵڣֻΪһҲҲ
ٶȻѺ΢ĺӿԼ˵ĺȰ
ʱ֣Ĺ߻ǿȻ˺ü۾
ңң㿴СѾͷƯġźӵţһӶǰ뵽ü첻ʳлԼҵģԼҵģϽˣء
ι󣬳ȻӣǸݵĸݺһͰ͵ĺӣգ˺ü۾ɩӣأңô̥⺢ӣզôôɰ͵ģ찡˼ҵĺӶȰģΪʲôĺӣ˵ġɰͣ˵СڣСһıӻжͷȫһЩɫĵͷƤϣһϡߵ̥
ûȣûУܺͿɰմϱߡΪ˫ԭ⺢ӣرС˼ĺӣôҲиɡ⺢ӣȻĿһ£ƣҲĽӡĽССˮ֣
ţĲ͹ϵ˦һűѾͷƬӣСȫһģȵԺ󳤵ĺˣɱºűС
Ȼٺٵסţֹţٴ˼ֻʵ˵һҳȻĺԺ϶ǸƯСӵġﱧ
ССӶ§ڻһš
е۾ɣ˫СȴСɵһöССӣҶ
§С壬СһʳС޴յԼǰŵζ󣬱űҪ̡
Сè
֮ǰȻˮ죬Ҳ֭
ʱСһ󣬱յСǰСһأһŵϤζĴ˱
ôСҲأ
ǣۼСҰǸŵĵ찡ιСӵģ˵Сͦ˱ġԵһ̣Ųţֱ˱˸ʵ󣬲˯˹ȥġ
ǣҼС϶ġȻɪˡ
ţҡͷղ˭˵˼ҳĳªѽ
һسȻ֨ˣֻСָȥССһҪЪ԰γ**СûʳԴҹҡ
СҲۿͿҪˡ
Ȼɻİָͷ˼һСҵʳڵأٵߴ
ԲųԲšĳΪĸɻŮˣְִС
˼СȿûԳɣܹһ񣬡ۡɻŮ˵ıС
ͳͳԡ˵ĳϽ졣
ţϱƦŶҡͷ⵱ĶǸûѵģԺûѵģҲ֪ˣջɶء
ιСŮҲ
ãСֻһֻ̣һֻء
СѾͷСƤȴ⻬ࡣˣСһȻݣƤ⻬ˮ
ֻ§ţȻֺǵҲϲϡԼ׹Ůء
ҪˮŮ
ţϿ۾ŹĶŻС;޺һѣԵСһᱻ
ȻȻֺţϾ̫˿ҲЩƣ
ţϽӹССѾĺ󱳣˶ңϴءѽȻû֮ģＸҲܴճϴġһ߶ţȥԼҵĺһΪϴɺã
ϴʱӵһַףʱһ˵ӦúǵϴȻЩ⣬ǼƷĵָˡ
ңĿǰǼùģţϺԼҵıˡǵϴ٣ǣȴˡһԺӵæϴ
ţͰ˻Ѱˮ֦Բӣɶ֬Ⱦ졣ԼҵĶһСյӣͽһö廨롣
ѽСС̶õġȻĿЩţϵҲĵĽ͡
ѽôСʹ̶ĺӡȻԼĶ䶼ˡСô󣬾֮ʹ
ģһӻְΪСС̶׼ۡӾΪȻλӡ
ţǵúһأҪҺͺ˵ûɶ¶һ뵽ٲʱΣȻǾȫǺ
ţ˲ϵܽܳһϿӹĸһָϲС
һӱƮһЩƷлζ
żӣΪСϴõġ⼸ʢװŲٵĽӣԼһЩӣԲеƷʱг֡
ʱ̫Ҩһˮٶһ棬ĳף
һϴ㡭
ţϣԼҵģԼλĸĶȫĸϲǣһõȥ
һϵʽȻӿ𵭵ĸжȻûбҺңţϺԼҵ£ӵϴ˲ЩĶȫˣһ֤
ţʱ򣬾Ȼܴ󷽵һСһһӡ
ɩӣʹáţϲȻӵ۵һˣҨӣȫеĻá


83 

ţϵһۣЩģʱأҲͷҪⶫˡ˭֪˼ѹѹŸǮʱֻһӡӵĲֵһӰ̫࣬ǵҲȲҶʱǷΪū뷨һҿһ˶㡣һ˰žһ˵Ҽҵλ緢˵Ŷ⣬бͷҼСҲڶĽ̵£ʶð֡ңǺǡǺõĲˡԶңһ񣬲ءҪգǿҷ
ţϰѻ˵ˣȻҪܾǾǽ顣ûϻϿһӡ
ԼҵǺģȻͳȻأҲ͸һ򵥵Ρ
ļλȫǣ߹ʽͼĲǸϲ졣
òװϴϴ꣬ȻҲ۵̱ڴϾˣֵ֧Ҳǲˡ
˽ʮ󣬳Ȼǻ
Ϊ֮ǰĹܼҵ˲鷳
Ϸ˸˵ܰкҲҳȻЩλˣͲʧ˲źá¸˵֪ҲûһϷ˵ǰ͸¶
һȻǳ׵Ļָ˰
󣬲ò˵һһ
Ųʮ죬֮ǰСӵС˷ཱུСëͷ
СȻǲ󣬿Ƥȴ⻬˿žһСˮСջԽ
ء˯˵Сһһ۾غʳ
ȻܲĵĴչһߣû뵽ڱʳˡôҲĿһۣһ֪̣ͳ˸ʳԴء
ۡһ߻ڲСŵţһֵıﲻסЦ
Ұ˵ںӶǰѽǵǾʳԴС͵óԵĺ˯ĺãܿٵسҪԲȰеĳءСƨϴɾţһ
ӵޣھǺŮޡճȻ˵Ǿ˼Сž
ڴȻ˰죬ԺȡȻ⺢ܰģɲô˵ܰҲΪܸԲ԰ѺӵĴȡȨܰȡиСоͳɡ
СѾͷ˻˭أСС۾ģҿûôС۾ȻָŮĵҶüǳΪĸЦݡ
Ҫ˵Ůأһ㳤ĶࡣԺءžòүȻСüۣбӣֻҪϸ򣬾ү֡˻ţϲžẢǵĵƺе㲻סҪ֪Ӵ˵ǡү˽Ӱ
ҲУĲŮԺ󳤴϶ǸСŮȻȻĽӻһҲûţĲڡ
ңºǾͻȥգӣҪôڴ˳ôԽǾ¿ˣҪشʵǰǵǸ⣡
ȱŻش壬Լҵĺ;ʱǡȻһ£³
ǲһӰӱȥΪ˵ӣⲻѧΪ˱ֻϴһʱ䣬ʱ˵һӡ
һҪɣҲ˵Щʲô
ҲãҪһЩտţҲܷһ㡣ţϵҲûͬһ顣ʵҲὨġ
ţԼҴĻҲ֣ǰŴ󲮼±˵⣬͵ʲôġԼҵģڼҰѺӴžͺá
ţϵģҪȥ뿪ҲԶˣҪشȥ
ЩأҪ滮ֲеһУҪȥԴ벻ţԺĳ·ˣԺͰѴŪϵ󣬷ڴȥׯһĸǸطŵĹš
¾Ƽ򵥵İˣȻΪͷܳʵ̣ҲʡҪ鷳
ڱشţõ⺢ӵˮ⡣ţ϶ǲڣҪӣȫûġ֮ԻţϴҲΪţϿĲ麢ӡˮҲ÷ǰ¶ĩӣĵĵ
˴壬ԶԶϢȻૣţǻؼඣԺ㵱Ӣ۵ŶȻµӢ۾ͺá
СһҲ˯ˣԱˣҲĿķ羰ȻСһû̫Ľ࣬ȡ˳Ȼ
ߵǰһ㣬ǼҵŶﶼˣƬɳأֺڳȻһ㣬һЩˮƷõģǰһƬطһƬ֮ͺá
ʱ򣬳Ȼ˽һƬֲķ֣ˣûֺ֮ũ
ⶫһֳɹǿǸ߲
Ȼ˵ɳزôֺǿԵİɡ
⣬ҪģɳҲŽŽĺòճɡΪˣƬؿû¹
࣬ϰϣʵءЩ࣬ôʵϣȴǼõķʵصϡ
Ҫ̫ķϣһ࣬ʲٵĵˡΪˣԳȻڹЩɳʱһҲûóԿ෴ģԼĵһͰĵ
ɳأգҪɽأ
Ҫض̺ã֡
˵¶ڴǰûƵ°ȥˡ
ңĳʮˣ̹жʮˡĵض˵ŽʣڻɽΪûԸʱԭò
Ƶ°⼸µٴ󣬳ȻףţЩĵأҲһȫ˵ҲûôࡣȰѽˣٶһˡֻʮˣе٣ʮ˶סԼҵô
ضңʮ˴󲿷˾Ӷ࣬ǰҲȥɻģ˶ҪӶˣǮҲ˸٣ǻǺġ
ãһ֮ڴۿҪˣȥĺϢôӣЩȱ١ںҲ÷硣Ǹźд𣿡
˵źƵ°ü
Ұ˵ЩҶȥǸϴϺͷݵģ˵ܻһЩźӡֲֻܲɹͲˡ
ҪĶ󲿷û˵ġǺƵ°Ҳǵһ˵˵ףֶҲҲû˵ڵģݶҵ˵ϺͷҲеŵġףҵӣźⶫ治ô


84 

Ϻ֧һźЩϷȥ˵ٶҪһһٽӣǲҪ󹺸һٽ꿪ҲͲء
ǿ龢ũһٽŲ٣ʵҲһ
ֲӵͬʱȻҲûţ쿪ʼĵصĵطܡ
ںӣͽܸɵţϴš
ʧ˼ºִĺӵ¶˻˵ġճȻ˵Ǹźϲ˵Сһλ
ΪһҵߣԲŲµĺûչˡãһˣԱǺӱšڣǻ˵һߵϢ󣬳ȻӦ˵ġ
˻ᣬҲ˵˻һȻڶȥĺӡ֮ûֻǺӵһЩڻŵء
ûôӣ˵˵Ŀûпţ෴ģֻҪȥ˶һ
һȻҲͽ˺ӳ鷳ȫĵũҵϡ
һڲ飬ûȴĺУӣӡ
СȻĹǺУУǿаһĴͨ治һУȻܣҽҲһأҪףҳȻѧΪ˴ܶŹȥġ
žž
СģȫصĴ
Сýᣬҭȴûҿ޳Ŵ۾Ŀӡ
һ˴˽ʮȻԼҲȥˡĻ֣תˡ
ϣȻСС㷵˽СȻûһ
㡭
ȻûһֻСţһ㽲Ŷ
㡭СҴˣĴˣԺҲܣҷƢأ㲻Ҫҡ
ϾССﻹƽʱӣеֻӵı֡
ȻһۣʣΪʲôҪܣ
ΪҺͰ˵Ǽˣ˵Ұ֣㡭㣬㡭粻û¾͹ˣУţҲ˵˽ӡأ˵㣬ҲҪ㡣
ȻˣֻƵĻš룬ļˣɻҽ
ǵûһͦŸڴû£˸ָ㡣ֻСԺűָôԣԿηûиŮȨᣬҪ棬ѣ
㣬㲻ҪòãҲҪÿ㶵ӣĸǿ
񣬳Ȼҡͷ˰СԴСǽ㲻ԣҲӦò׾ʹͰǣȻɱֻǣһҪܡԺ飬ԺҲԼǿƣֻǱĸǿҪΪҲ첻С䣬ڼзУҪ˵ģҪиһ͵òϵŬܶӵб˲ӵеܱԼҲҪˡ
ЩСòȫҲһ㣬ǾҪ䣬Ҫͨ
㣬֪ˣԺҲҴܣֻҵĳɼбЩЦǵˣõӦеĽѵֻǽöǿˣǡ
СöЩȻο
ıҲٽ˳ȻҪٵŲƸľġũлɽǵһ
ҪģôٴһƬг
ɽǿ֮ġ
ڶһ磬ȻŻƵ°һȥӲɽ
ҰһֱģɽĻİʯͷ٣Ҫֲ֮ģҲʮܳɿ֮ġڿɽŪأȫвͨµģɽ棬ӻͦġɽȫûð
ţӶడǺ¶ȥϸȻȴӶϵЦݸ
ûƵ°Ӳ⡣˼Ҷ³ӵģⶫҿɺãȻ޲ɽȫӡ
ɽرĴ󣬵һɽҲһĶӡ
Ȼʯͷ٣ʯͷķ϶䣬ȴŲٵĻĲݡľӱȽϽɽȫûľҲ硣
Ҳ֪ǲǼڵԵʣЩĲϣȻëë档
զһȷʵֲͦġЩӣȻȴϲ
Ƶ°˵ƬɽǰȦĳӣЩҿ˿֮Ҳ١ȻȦƬɽҪ鷳һ㣬ֻҪȦõֹǽţֹ͵Ƭɽ֣ǲһ鱦ɽιĵطԼҳӳԣʡ˲ٵʳˮأǸִǵٵļִļģҪԵԭ̬ļǿǼѵġ
취ͦãֿɲ׹̫డϳ۵ļӣȫСũõһѵķģȥҺܶļȦˣºܿƵ°ͬĵͷҲԼͬĹ۵㡣
⵹ǣûм֣ǼѰ顣ǲһֻҼҿͷҵģҲһЩҰӡҰˣǱȼҼĻһЩٷͷɽϣ᲻ܲ
֣Ȼ취ǰˣõеġ˵һ㣬ʵӣҲǵ¶ȵ⡣ܲҳʺϷ̵¶ȣ㲻ѷ
ȻʱҪҲͦѵġϾĻ˹գû¶ȼƣҪƿʺϵ¶ȣȷʵͦѵġ
Ϊһƿ¶ȣܷСʱ򲻽Լãܶۡ
ţ滮Χһһ㡣ŪһЩдһЩҰšǶչһЩҰֳܷáͷҰһֱ·ġֻʱȵǵֳгЧ󣬱⼸죬ƴͿȦƬɽˡڣȥǰĳɲܹȵѽ
С㣬ҵʲôź˵ֻϷУ߾УҲ׳ɻǰֲ˵ɻʼ١֮ǰȻͺͻƵ°۹Ҫź¶Ϊ£Ƶ°Ҳȥɽ⡣
ûϵģа취ǻ˰źִͺáȻţû취ǰλҽͬѧĹ⣬˽һЩôֲź¶
ҪźҲҪ㣬ϵǼϷˮϰ壬Ҳ֮İɣУȵźٹҪһЩ硣滮һУȻźΣɽϼܵĳһѵũҰͼ
ЩĿ꣬Ȼĸɾ졣
ٶȹ滮һȷûɶ©ˣŹҳԷ
죬︴յʱڣҲһæʱڡȻһӣԵرæ


85 Сһ

ҪģǰɳؿֺǸ߲
óȻοǣֶطȻûУҪƵ°ȥֲֶļڡ˵ҵ¶ȻҲˡ
طһУǱ˳ֶһԭüǮģ룬ߵ˶İĶѹͲŪң̼ʱҲû˽ֶҪô֡
ˣۿʼѿȥֶ϶ǻũңһձʶǾǷѿĶǻ˵ĶΪˣϰҪ
ڳʱ򣬻Ƶ°ߵ棬ãͳⶫԼҶҪĶǺֻһӵļ۸񣬱һٽӸ˻
չʱȻЦļ첻
ңֶѿˣôְܾãһӣǵϹءƵ°ڲֹ³Ȼ
ֶԭҪѿġѿ̫̫ˣǾͺˡڣҪⶫпٰŵľ棬ŰɣǾʲ˳ء
һߵţһ˵Ҫʲ˳ԣ۾ŹĴⶫܳԣԲԲʵʵģźͦҪھͰ˳ԣ
ѽɲܳ԰ⷢѿǲܳԵģѿģжءˣȵջʱٳ԰ɡȻŵĸϽֹЦѿܶ˵ĴڰҪǳһ˻ҪҪ
գţûܳԵֶģû취˵жȻԺΪʲôжĶֲҿҵ˼۳ȥ
жܳԣðɣޣҵûͺá
ӣ󣬿Ϸλ̸ˡĶ˵Ȼ˷ܵľ͸һΧЩתơ
ˣҲˡڷȻ˵㣬ֵĺãԺܳġĲ֣ϣء
˷ܵĲĳȻϵİָ֡ͷǶˡ
һ߱ŵţֺŶС߶߶Ӱأڿħءѽû뵽Ҳôʱ㿴ڵľһǮأۼԺǲүɲѧĲԾ񡣡
С˯ˣʮ㣬ţ˵ҲŻС첲ڿţϵĲϵĶʱСֱקǶҪ͡
Ŷءһ죬СĿˮüΡӨ͸ޣһĺɫСްŶɫñ˿͸껭һ
ţϳŰĲˣʱʱ˼С˧һѽҵĸζأôûѾͷҪѾͷҲܰѾͷķôһҲܳΪҼСء
ӺصֵĳȻһ⻰ͲˡɩӣԺͱˣ忹סġҾðɣͦõġôӣֲɡ
ţĲ֪С۶ѽЦųӴӴϡĲѽѽιҲ֪˭һʱ˵˼ҳĳѽɺãֻ˵ҪССӣĳ˾ȻͲѽʵҰ㻹ӦóΪӶһСӰ˼˵İССҪСġˣ㲻ܰ˵һʶɶɵĹôҼǵã㵱ʱС˵µʱ򣬿ǰ˵ļġѽιҪŬҼҵҵһѾͷСүҼѾͷ
ȻŭˣüҪ
ţֲһЦҪʵڲԸ⣬ҲУˣҼѾͷСӡԺٸ˵£ͿáɡĹ°汾ء
ųȻû֮ǰţϺıˡ
ţĲ֪С۶ѽЦųӴӴϡĲѽѽιҲ֪˭һʱ˵˼ҳĳѽɺãֻ˵ҪССӣĳ˾ȻͲѽʵҰ㻹ӦóΪӶһСӰ˼˵İССҪСġˣ㲻ܰ˵һʶɶɵĹôҼǵã㵱ʱС˵µʱ򣬿ǰ˵ļġѽιҪŬҼҵҵһѾͷСүҼѾͷ
ȻŭˣüҪ
ţֲһЦҪʵڲԸ⣬ҲУˣҼѾͷСӡԺٸ˵£ͿáɡĹ°汾ء
ųȻû֮ǰţϺıˡ
ļλ幫д峤˴ȫˣ˼ʽ֮ɫˮиա
ȻΪסҲϯһʽҪϯȻôϹƷ
ҪǰȻ治ôŹ֮˵ġԽ¶Ҳˣܾã䣬ûУЩȴ˵ġ
ΪˣϹʱǴʮֵľġ
ڷŵмѼ㡢֮
ڷЩȫ˶ͶĽȻЩ湩һ£˻ԼԵ
ܰѼŪ˵ķʢǺӣҲԣı֡
Ǵԣ˼ң¾¼һء
ɲô˼ȻǸѸ˼ңҲ⼸⣬Ǵܱȵİ
ɲô˰ܱȣһȽˣȥء
ߣһƯعѵĸˣҪ˵ƾűȫǮҿǲŵġ
˰ɣԼҵģԼûƯԹ˭ء

߼ҸֺôȻȴȫӡʵʱ̫ûôк߶߶ƽϡ
ϣ˰ʳ˻ؼСԵ͡
㣬óԣóԣ⼦ˮ㰡㣬ҾûԹôóԵء
ΪĺÿյģϽһɫ֭ǿΣҲֳԵĳ嶯
Сһ㣬ҲԵĲϵĸӣ㣬ҲúóԣԺǶɡڳ㣬ȥ򣬺ԶŶ
Ȼ§ţСһӹǶӲһˣӵĿ˳ԡųȻЮͣҲǰա
Ŷ
һţǿˮεδµ䡣
ţϿСÿմһ֭ͣСأʵĲŶ
Сһųˣ˷ܵĻŸ첲ϵ档
Ŷ
˷ܵСȡ˳Ա˵Сá
Сһﻵ۵մһϣС̸ֶóԵŶ̶᲻óԵء
Сһﲻ֪СͰһ˱

˶ŵĿСһСǵüţ۵쿹顭
໡
ѽһСӲ֪ζأû뵽ͻȻ䱬СֶӰóԱˡ


86 ֳ

ģ֡
Ȼ˵£ʵеµġ
룬ûбĤǺܹǺġ
뵽ǰũҪñĤţȴֻǰڵͺã϶ַ
һֿڸŵıĤͺˣûпʲôأůҲеġůֲ߲ˣҲֻǴ˼ԼԵġƶũ֮ңû⾭ֲůˣһ·벻ͨˣɡȥˣٰȥ
ΪĲǺܶ࣬ȻͻƵ°һˡ
ʱֲġ
ʱ򣬳Ȼгɿ˲ľҵĵ
ȻҪǺܷʣǻĻҪġ
࣬ȻӻƵ°̶ĳҲֻһ㶨
Сúһµأǰڰʱ㶨
ˣ죬ǻðѺҲȥ
Ƶ°ڰϵͣһ˵ҪҲ˷ܵĵͷ
˵Ǹֶ߲ԺɾͲԵء
ȻҲϣȷʵǣһ߲һ̺ĺˣԺ治̫Եġǵŵ֡ˣǸħҿɽµƬɳأҲֲһЩⶫԼҲܳԵġ
ᵽѩħ󣬳ȻҲЦˡò˵ôվסŸƹħֲǹûġ
Ƕѩħ󣬸ô˸м㡣
ڳȻ£򸾳棬ҵһЩװİװչ˴ѩħ󣬰ǰװڴٳ۸ĸ֮ġ
Ϊʻ˳Ȼʳ˵ЧѩħȻûдȵĴ򿪣Сۣеġ
ڳȻЩǸС룬ǶԴ˼˵ֶֻǺķһ룬룬оڱһ
һܲԳȻãҲΪνȻȥϹôḻʳЩ˻˵ԭ
Сüѧģڳ˸˶ǵж⣬ܶຢҲԺС椴򽻵Ϊ֡
ħˮףŴףڹȣײˡöҪְʱˣ죬ĺæЩȻܿٵ¸ҪģҪسɽг
¶ͽ˻Ƶ°ׯϰʽȥļЩӵҲܿȥ
һ죬Ƶ°ѵ¶ź󣬱ųȻ˳ߡ
ڣ㰴˵İźȥźƬˮھ͵һ㣬Ժ˵Ĳ衣
ֲֲͬҲиʱڵǳˣˣⶼϵźĳɳ
ȻҪģϸԼϤĲָƵ°Щֲȥ
ΪӲ̫࣬԰Ĺ͸㶨һƬźء
ߵĳȷһЩȥһǾͷȥ
ǶҰо仰һֱû˵ڵˮ̫࣬һˮʱӵ̿Ǻ׾ˮġĲ£һӵ̵ˮЩ㣬ɾǴˮƯҪҲôˬİθǵġ
Ȼͷԣ˵Ķԣֺӵ̵İȫ⣬ȷʵҪġҼȻ˵㣬Ȼ뷨ġӵ̣ʵʵģΪʲôŪһһεģоڵĺӵأŪоڵĺӵ̣㣬ôܳȥ
ӵ̣׽ˮǵİ취
ֻҪʱˮϻ򿪣Ǿܷй顣
Ƶ°ҲǸһ͸ˣһ۾һ԰ֻ֪￲ھڣôû뵽ⷽںӵأѽңҪô֪ˣҪȥ
ȻҡͷҲɵϣ֮û뵽Ҫںӵ㣬пܵģ㣬ʿ϶ߣֻҪڿһˣȥĹõĳһЩ죬ҲǿԵġȻҪڿ죬ҲҪ幫úӵ㻹̵ġҪأķ֮ûɹ£ԭڴʵ£й£룬̫ͣŵ˴˲Ը㡣Щ⣬һǻ취ġ
һ˵㣬ʵҲ÷ֵġ
Ȼ֪㣬ǰӵġ㣬Ҳ÷Ʒֵ
ִȥũʱ򣬾Լ˵ġ
ʱ򣬿һҪעһ㣬㡣
ҪԱģҴָߡһͱһЩ㰡֮ľͺѴϼңв㲻ܺͱһ˵вһĳױҧʵ㲻󣬺СĸӣʱԱΣǺܴġ
Ҫ֮ǰҪı
ĳɳȻҲ뵽
ʱ㣬ȫںȻ
Ȼԭ̬ˣǳɳٶ̫ϵʱҪģԭʼ㣬ʹǿٵ
⣬ҲҪԭ򡣼ʺǿιġںϾҶ֮ģԵɼʳ
뵽ʳȻϽȥǰʱСõȥڵĶҲ֪ڷֳôˡ
һؼңţźԺɹ̫
СһһؼЦˡһСôӣţһԺǸȥ
ɩӣһЩţ࣬пҶʲô棬Ū˵İɣ
أѽǲСôǳӿžͶˡ
ɩӣЩȫǼԵģûôʳιȡʳ㿴ǻ᲻ҲúÿĶࣿ
˵ţοĿݲݡιⷽȻǺõġϾļߵʣӪḻ
Ҫģĺã⼦Ҳܶ಻ǣ
ùһǷɵ˳򾲻ϵ䶯
˼˿䶯Ķ
ðɣ˵ĶԣҿЩĵĶȻҲò뵽ʲôģĵĶҲ͵ࡣǵļɶʱأЩΧǽһ밡ԼӣҲǸ⣿
Щ¶ҲǳȻġһжſʼ𲽡ӣԴˣ·Ǯ
ȾչһЩ̰ɡһһôС
ˣЩ򾣬ڻɽĵط࿪ؼȻڼ̻ûչҲһܳġҪģǾĶֳЩ򾡣
ţ˵ͨȥ
ŵԺ棬㿴Ƶ°ǽڵ˴Ҵææ
ңҲѽ
ʲôˣȻŵһ⣬ǳɶ£Ĳ֪ܲͦȥ
ңǿɽĵطְ֣
ʲô֣Ȼɻʡ


87 ϻ

Ƶ°˼źλһĿĵ³ʵ顣
֣ϸӳŰһƬׯڶ޷Ƿֵϸӳ棬ǳƬĳô˵Ļ˵֣ҪѰ
ǽ񲻸ҿȻҲȵĻš
Ƶ°֪ͣһ˵ǳʱǴ˭ҳģֻ˭ġ
һˣóѪϹѵ˵ߡ
Ҳ˵ȻڳĴΪϺǴһɽġ
ߣȥȻûлңҲûãҪģý⡣
һɽĵطȥһ㿴峤ͼλǵɫȵ
ң֣ǵ׵ĽҪֻûǵ֮ˡ
ȻȻվȽŸʱȴĻ֣Դɫʣ϶˵ġ˷ŭֻôߡ
Ҿ˵ɨǵİɣһ˼ңûӾͱĸˣǸϲģΡ
һ˵°ͼŮӣǸء
ǴԴʮǰ֣ûǿɽǱ߸Ҳû¶һڣãֳˡҪ˵ˣǸɨǡ
ԴΪ׵ŮˣڲϵĴġ
Ȼ˵ȴ쳣ķŭ˵ֻҪѣ˷ߺ޵顣ԭǲȥ룬ֶһܳġ˾һнУԼʹѣǿڱ˵ϣ棬ҵһֽڣһҵο塣ʵǱذԼĿѣǿҪ˵Ǳ˼ӸԼġ
ȻȻЩ˵뷨ߵɽıԵ
Ƕһһţϵ䶯ν֣ʵһЩţ֡
صţ䶯ţ˵ȫһ㼦Ƥ
ȻЩţһֳеǴׯҲճˡҿ㻹ǸϽ취Ѵļ빩ãˣЩָ˰ɡ
ڣ峤ˡ
԰һ˼ңҪĲ֣ǸϽѹƷãȥ񣬰ָߡдֱߺȡ
ȻȻȴǡ
ŬĻЩţʲôá֪ģţǸߵ׷۰ǰֶĥɷۣϻǼϣɷУѳʯӣţĥɷۣҲԵι
ţõҲܳԵģƾʲô˵֣
Ƶ°ûʲô취ܰţٵռ׽ܣҪһа취ռЩţ
Ƶ°Ȼô£Ҳʵ룬취ӦаɣҼǵţǰԲҶӵģأǰЩң㿴һƬʪһĵطȫţء
֪ôٵ׽ЩţˡƵ°ھȥһѵĲҶƬطһһѵķźã׽ţԸ󣬳ȻĿŴˡţѣһɵġҲɽЩţǻļڳţֳļڣǰʱµˮҲ϶࣬˵ҰЩгˣҲ˵ǡһҿұ֤׽ٵţҶգǡһﰴһǮһչ
ԭΪ⻰ҪģһֻȻ׽Ǯһʱ䣬һӾͱ·ˡ
Ǵǣһ˵ţǮһȫ˷
Ҫ֪ţķֳĿ졣ҲŲɽˮĵطе㱳ţĺܶġǳȻƬɽĵطǵҲдţ
ЩСɶѳɶѵģֻҪڿ죬һ׽ʮǲⰡһһӶһҲܼ񵽼ʮͭӶء˿ٵ
ΪһʮͭӶֿ԰溦ӣ˵Ǻڿġ
ѾͷȻԸչǣҾͺʹ˵һȥ峤Ŀ죬ƲȻǸ֮Ļ
֮ǰЩ˵ĸ˼ңҲȫ͡
һνѣԳȻչţ
һȺԶѭĴ񣬳Ȼҡͷû̫֮ƽϡģȴҲһ㣬ˣģ
һеλԼġʱԶ˵ʵ
ңǻǮЩɣôţʲôƵ°ֻȻΪ˱鷳ԲһԵĴ취һ뵽ľҪʧӣüëһˡ
ЩԺֻ׬ǮȻҪǰͶһЩġ
ţô£ԽԽãʡǮˡԺЩȫܻǮء
뵽ЩȻЦˡ
ò˵нǮΪЧĺ˵ġ
ڶ죬ȻŴţ㿴һȺӣſӵļſڣһűϣЩϣĿﷺᡣڵ˰˲
ţ˭С壬ʸǮɩӣųƵ°Ҳȥɽ͵Щôˡ
ǰѲҶӵʪĵطҲ֪Щطܾۼٵţ
ţɽҰģȫ׽ţˡ˺ӣˣܳȥģȫڵ׽
ֻĳüȣˣвٵĻ֣ڿȻʱЩ˵ҲǸӡ
·Ϥļɨк󣬳ȻӲҶӵĵط
ѽҵ谡ôࡣҿҶӣһţ
ֻҪòӣܰЩȫ⳱ʪвҶӵĵطȷʵܾۼţġ
æŰ׽ǳɶѵţʱģԺӵ˻Ŷӳţ
Ժ棬ţϿϵĳأСҲƵĸǮʱʱģɨһǳɶѵţôСѷһԺû½ˡ
ȻǵҲֺǺǵĳкţϺС壬󿴼˾һĳ嵽ǰ
ţϿֿŵק˵Ұ˵أطҲ̫˵㣬ֻɶأǱ˰ɣ۽ôһĹ򣬶˿ءǶӰ
ţһ뵽ӿö⣬ĸζϣ۵С
ɩӣʵ͸׶ЩдôͰҵķԸϽʰ˰ɣǻðⶫĥɷĭаҪȥղĥɷۣԺóˡ
ţϺСûһһջǮȻŻƵ°зѧСˣһЩţ
ţǳ֣ڱЩǮ͵£ܿͼе˳ȻԺ
գչţ󣬳ȻҲջ˴Ժӵţۡ
һһţۣ뵽˳Ƭļ㣬Щջӷ
Ǻǡ
üΣ̫õôɵɵֺǳ


88 ʳ

ţϼ˶ǿҵıΪΣԼ˻Ǻֺǵĸɻ

չţ󣬻Ƶ°һ߰ڻɽΧǽһߴ˼
һҪʼʱȻҲСһȥιˡ
ЩũҵϵĻȻΪȴ㣬ҲԼ
ΪСǶȥˣܶ˻æŴ֣ԾҲûдǰΧۡ
ҪʱĻвǰΧ۵ġ
֮ǰΪѺ˲٣һֻҪڿͨ׶áڵĿ׶ǲõʯ͡ʯԲΡȻ·
һֻ࣬ǴҴææڵģһҪʹ˵㡣
ףʲôĺ࣬ԶĻĵȥ
ֳϺ࣬ǿԵõġ
ɫĺڻĵϣȻȥ󣬵ʱջж١
ѲӵСľͿڳĺ棬ж䶯
ҿ೤־߬źࡣ
žһĶ˳ǻƽСߡ
Ȼɴ۾ŵϵνġƽСߣ
ǣǹʲôȷʣҪ֪ɻ󵰡طȻΪƽСߣ
ƽСֶ߰Ÿһ˶˵ߵı졣ֻʵûԵˣǲֶġҪģֶζء
ðɣʱˣ̫ˡֻĬȻһ룬ȻҲˡ
һҵķչ϶ǲϵķֲܽ
ִСӶֻ֪ɫĳ״л󵣬һֿʳõʳġʱû˷֣Ҳֻ˵ܶʳģǶС
ȣ֪ôԣ鷳λڵʱ򣬰ֶ׽ôٿʲôĶ
ʶˣû׽󵣬ԺʵʶҲ˽⵽ʱˣ̫İʳĶ˽⣬ģٶȻ
۽𾦰ϸ֮£һȻַһʳ
ֶһζͷҲ٣ҳԹһأµܡҲû˰֣ǣֶû¾Ͱ궴ëӣǿɶĺܣûµʱʹСıǯסʹܡ
Ƶ°Ȼ׽Ͳмۡ
ëӣ
ţëӰǰĴв٣û뵽طҲвֶⶫ
Ƶ°˵һֻĶ
ëǯӣȻɴ۾ܺˡ
԰ⶫҲ⣬ǯˣû»￲ϴ궴Ǵ廧˿ˡ
Ȼȴ˷ܵĲܵǰңңڵϣ׽׽ˣҽô׽û¾ȥ׽һѷϣҪǸһٷʢĴ͡
찡ʲôëǯӰľǴзòá
ŵǣҲ֪ԭ̬ԭ򣬻Ұзֻ̫ͣзȻв߰ء
߰зִǵֵǮ
ˣˣһ뵽зĳԷȻĿˮĵıﲻסû취ƣܰ԰Ժŵ˵ǮǮΪ˸ġ
һԻǮĿ꣬Ϊ˸ԼԵĸһ㣬ڿЩʳʱ뵽ģҲֻгˡ
Ƶ°Ҳɴ࣬תԸʱҲҪ׽ëǯ֮ģԼҲת׽ЩС
ڳȻܸɴߣӣҲжֱ࣬bЩ;Ϳʼ󵡣
ȵչʱȻҲнɶëǯӣҲ׽ʮֻ
Ƶ°ֻڳѰһ󣬱ҵ˶з˵һƬÿƬضĴз
ˣˣԺû¾ͳĶЩȻĽŵðݡ
ϣҸģĪֻзһ̻󵣬ٺһСơףҪѾʲôľ͸ˡֻǣʱƺûѾư
ҵѣҲѾƣ
ȻĿǰ뷨Ҳֻһ£Ͼ¶̫ࡣ
ؼȥȻһǷԸţϺͻ÷°ջĸʣ
ӵˮﳭ죬ͷȥβˮĺôһǻ˵ȥͷβǣҪģȥζ
Ͼⶫͣһȷʵζܳġ
ڻ󵣬Ȼ
Ƶ°˸ܼǩӣٹ̶һľͷ϶С
ڣʾһ£ƴһͰҸղȻûȻִٵĻԣҲ֪˼̯ôġ
ڣҲֻӲͷƤʦ
ⶫأܻҪǸȥͷ֮ǰǵðݺݵˤΡ
󵱻ʵˤڵϣٱ׾İڹ̶õǩ档
ȻǩʤڵǩӺܷȻִĶǿɹ󵻹ǿԵġϾִôС
ҺˣСʿǸĳ֮ȥڶȥǣ滮һ¸ˡβȥͷڶ
ı׾ĺܣƵ°ԾԾԵĳ嶯
ͲýѵĳˣϵİѵӵݵʦţڸˡڣʥĻͽˡ
Ƶ°ǺǵЦû⣬ܼ򵥵ӣС¶Ѳҡ
Ƶ°£׽סһ󵣬ٺݺݵһˤ
ܵǩ棬ǣȥβͷ⶯ˮҲΪϣȻҲòϣòƣԼĴ󲮣Ƶ°շ棬ƺǿ˲ֹ
ңĻպϰɡƵ°ǺܲԼģѯ
ȣҪϰһ£û£ĳҺܵۺٽŲĵƮߡ
ǰһŬܸɣʲôﶼס
ۣȻ®ɽٲˡ
ЩˣȻͿʼззֻҪŶƬˮֱӿbմ㽴ͣζ˻ζ
ڻ󵣬Գ˺Ρͷ˵㹦Ȱϴõκʹнãһߺζ
һú󣬱һʱٰͣкõΣУ
ŲժһЩҰһ쳴ϳĳζˣˮƵζŨʱζ⹦򣬳ȻЩʣĴгСΣһҶһ߱á
ǰһӣʵĿҪˮݫгָⳤĶӣһӣֻҪ˷죬һٰͣը͸һϴжΣˡ
Ŷ㰡ûС
㣬ζƮݳÿһˣſˮǻƵ°֮ǰôųˣζҲתҲת


89 Ű

һ˶ڷǰͺųȻһ
СÿĺʣĺͮͮĴз󣬷ȴ֪Ӻ֡
ԥһ£֡
ͻ̵СһֻǺһ£
㣬㡭
˿ֻļ³ֶһֱæźܶҲӡ֤ж鶫һˡ
ʡĵĻƵ°ڳԵһʱҲֻۡ
һˣȻҲǺģô˵ˣȷʵǲġ
зǺöඡ˲ûжзȻҲò˳Իʦ
źǣƵ°ţˣȻⶫ̫٣зССһЩԵĽζġ
ţϷ˵ķݣ⼸СһϷһա
һֻз󵣬һٷһ˶Գˡ
ûޣһȺʰЩûɹȫɵţ
ⴺæļڣȻũȥǰػɽԺǽҲɡ
һ죬ʰһ£Сһ˼̺󣬱ҪѾҲӻشʱһڣҲֿˡ
֪ǣڳ¸Ϸ˴ʱŭƽ
ããҵĺӣҵĺӰȻ뵽Ūһƭңܺã൱ĺãˣӴˣҲѽ
һߵĺŵĴҲҳԴαӵı󣬽ţϷҵ˵һλ͡
ԭһλͺ꣬Ӧϲ¶Ȼ¶ͳλͣȻǷ̹үġ
ƫƫү֮£λ֪֮ꡣ
ʲôôܣūԷүˣʱĴһٵı֤˵ģү壬ˡҪģʱүѧһĹ򣬾ݴ˵үõĲˡԺҪǾԲġ
ĵһڵͱ
ϳɾܲԼϵˣԼӳˡ
ããҵӣֹҰǺӺŮ˴һҪܼҵĹ⣬档˸ˡ
ԥһ£ӲͷƤǰ󣬡ǡȻأ
ˣڵ۾ٿȻ֮ڣܼҵĹ⣬еͼŮΪ⺢ӣ̵ֻĺӡ
̲ȥãȴҪðһ̵ĺӡˡǣڿϡ
ģǰܼҵĹⱧڳȻȫùǵġ
ȥ֮ǰŵһϣǸŮˣƭңҺ飬ҪΣ
һģŵһߵĺһ¡һΣڵŭĺúݡҲ˵ˣڵŭ𣬲һܳܵġ
ڰ뿪󣬴󷿵Ҳ̽ͷ̽Եĳ
̾˰죬ǱŲѾͷڵ
ڡߵͷ밲ء
Ϊû⼸СŮҲϡġڣһԭŭҲ΢Щ
ԣ
Сһᣬ䵽ǰ˵˻ӻ̱˻⣬ԴӳȥҲûˣ⸮ﰡԽء
бһۣûд̱һĪģ;еѲɣԼﰲߵ¶Ҳ֪
¶Ҳе㲻ȷˡֻǣûйܰ飬ǲġҪ֪йܰ޺ӵ¶¹⸮氡ܰ˺ӣǻܵõֵĲƲ
һ뵽Щ̲òš
ղŹʱ򣬺˵ڷҲ֪ĸ۵ĸҴŭϰӲͷƤһ̽
Ȼ̫̫ȴĲ豭һţˡ
˦ӵ¶ڴǰһʱ䣬ŵɫɷס
ȥʱ̫̫˦ıĶ˹ȵס
СϲҲŵקסСС͵ѧ˲Թɫ
ڵɫԥγ֪ء
̿޹۾Сﻮһ˿ԼӲһ̥ôһŮڻܵ˵
һקסߣȥ
ŵСһڣĿıѾͷӣϣõΪֻҪԼһͻһЩĪĶʹ࣬ܡ
ֻǣû˿Ϊ˶ͷŵ桭
ǿˣһҲװû¶˭ף˭ûĶ棬˭ֻء
ڷ棬һǰ׺ݵضǰСĺˣŵ৵ĵ䣬ȴҿ޳
ŵĿҪϢȴһؽԼԣġ
˺һͻȻ֣԰ԣ
СĵؿȷﲻԼؿ¶ֺõЦݣ
̶źָ֣Ħ֣ԹԣҪ֪ǰģΪ㣬ϣֵ˵ϲڡΪðҪôĸȥءӦÿˣֻҪõ̫̫ϲϲĵλǲһġ
ɵصͷţһ̵ֱֺÿһˣĺܺõġһǶϲңһһܸĴС㡣һ̵ֱģҲһֱԼܸļ̳һҪš
ţҼҺù԰ԵŶĦźϸ۵ָ⣬ͻȻݺݵסŵ۵죬ָͻȻ䴫һϢʹ
̳֣һ廨ϣմźָѪϵ䡣ʹСһһģǴŴŵµ䡣죬ģһؽš
նҲΪã
С󣬿۵ҪεȴЦĸӵĳ죬ЦЦţŵĹֱС۵εֹ̲ͣ˶СŰ
ںһѹʱ§ĳŶĸ
ǰģҪסжϣɳжమ㡣ãڵİҪסҪЩˣЩ˵óѣ𣿡
ӣ৵ֺͽżۣЩÿΡĽǲǣȫµﶼԼĺӵģǲǣеﶼԼĺӵģֻ֪֪һͱĺú£


90 ұץ

ǣӲҲòģİţе飬ĸã⣬ϣһЦݣ
ҪİڵһУΣ
ֻǣǣ磬İ㱧һССĺƯҲཱུģ˭ֿЦ
һСϲĲˡҲҪһֻǣпɫʱͣס
Ĳ壬һӾͿֻˣ˵ҪһжˣǸĺܿɰĵܵܰɡ
ţںܸˡָ໲ʳС⺢ӣüۿ尡ȻƧĵطò˵СĻġ
̫̫˺ˣĵ˷ҲͿ֪
ڵʲô˳ۣɶ̫̫˿׼뿪
ˣǸŮôˣ
һ࣬ʵش𣬡Ϸ˵ĻŮΪ
ţܺãĲȥɡ
湻ˣСҲĹ๾ĽС
ۡۡûҵʳСһ໵Ŀ
ҵôûˣϽȥ
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ҵһһ檶˺ӣҲҪ˵Ҳֳɵġ
۾ȴϵľܾˡ
ˣҸϽȥĺʳǰûҵˣǾͳɡ߲ûõˡ
ŵĸϽǣϷˣŬˡ
εغʹ̴˸תٵȥˡ̵Ŀģûˡ
ʱȻص棬˶ˡ
ϲĺСһȥӾȻôҲû뵽ǣûӵȴģȴܸˡ
Ȼ˽͵ܸЩ֤ݣˣ˸Ť١
һŵܸ£Ȼİġ
˵ҽһֱһôǸĶ˵СˣһġҪ֪һֱǺܸߴĴڡڣȴ˸Ӱ
Ҳ˲䣬ߣõܸԩǲɡݵ飬ܸ˻мȥ˰ǸѾͷ
·һһյСֻ߽һۣȻ֪һжˡСҿԼ˵һС
˵Щ˭һ͵ߵģһѵڷǰЩҲһǼֵǵӡһʵԵɾͺˡ
ҧ촽εĿһ۳ȻŵľĻش
عµģЩ͵ġ
ͬ˭һ͵ģ˭ΣЩȫүĶһѾͷܰЩ͵ߣһǰͻ㱨ң˵үЩΪʱҲӣһֱûšһҪǿЩǻ֪ɵĺء˵ɣһǰ㣬ֻһʹѾͷôл͵ЩģҲ˴͡
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ǣ϶ܸˣ㣬㲻Ҫ£ʵ˵
ѾͷĴͷȴ³ЩǳȻҡ͵ģʱ˵ˣһ룬ֻҪ۳ȥҲܵõһǮ
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һ˫۾ǡ
Ҳо£ģΡ
ķǸҲ֪ǲġ̾һҲ޳ܵΪòž󻼡
óȻֱץ˸á
ߡһ£ǿ׳߹ųȻҪߡ
壬ж仰˵ֻһʱ䣬ȫʱ򣬳ȻԼһҪ侲ֻ侲ܾסǡΪĸǿģǰԼ¡
ֻԥһ£ı
ߣѹֵĿڶ˵ĳءߣÿƲסĿճص˼㡣
㣬ûУûǲǣ
С壬һҪס˵ÿһ仰˵ȥܿݾͳġұץߺȥһˣһаֻҪ˵ġУڳȥϽҵǣԼҵİѾ͵ĵطȥš
ȻЩٵСҲ˿֪ڵƺܲǡ
ãأ
Ȼ۾һˮţĿǰֻǱסˡЩˣŹŵġǱסţΣյġؼңҪסѼһжĹߣһ
䵽ˣȻȭͷ
ȻҲһֻǣӹѺ󣬷һֱڿҲͼͣĳȻȴͷĵһֱۣӰѷ͵Ļ˻ȥ
Ѿͷ֪ңû취ҵҵҵʱȫѪ˵ҵܵܳˣҲӦЩˣܾܵͻҵధһ͵ˣǰʹؿͷƣҪͬ顣˲Ҫȴ۵㣬ң˽ҡ
ȻȭͷɿϽһĨЦʵƷʱЩ˾ԵԼ˵Щ飬ôǷءֻǣڵҲû˼ȥԭ·
ΪģϵһԶŮϡ
ôһĹǰ͵ˮڿܣηŨصζ̼η˲ϵĴչЩ޵ĸˡ
֪ģЩ鲻ү顣ʵֻҪүһ취̳ȥЩ¶϶Ǹ˸ɵģûȨƣֻܴšѾͷģһᱣģܵ˺
ڲϵ߶߶ţȻһֱھ顣
ѾͷҵԼҵʱžһС˴ӽϻզȻСʱԼҵĻһ
С㡭
ų㱻Сһߣˣϸ˵
***
찡ôˣұץǡԼҵǻŲһ侲УҵðѾСãʶһͬҲ԰æտȥҵ顣
áҽ˵ҪѾ
˰ѾԼҵļϽȥôȻ顣


91 

κΣһûûǮˣЩа
ط̽ࡣ
һȣԼҵֻСһ뿪
ҽ˵ȥһˡ
ʱС˳Ȼ˵ģ²Υĳһˡ
ò˵ܰ׼ɽһȷʵǺͷġ
һ˵Ǵͨϵ֮ģ÷ˣôҲС
λһȥȻֻڵ˷˳
ӣˡ㿴ʱֻ˵һ䡣
ллλܰµıһĴڣȻǺܸлġֻǣڸĵԼĺӡ
ӡ˴ˣſҪڵ֪ԵɺҲȥһ
ҲҲܰȥԶĵطƴֻܱס㡣㿴ȭͷֱĳȻĺȻ
ֻҵĺһȻ˻ૣʱֻҪԼĺӡ
ǸСһÿζ˾ͻ˱˱ڣ͵ĺܣأ
㿴ʧأ岻ԶźĨԼҵĵͷ
ԼҵĸϽѾңñأүȻߣΣյģ㻹оС㣬Ժ󣬻취ѺŪġң㲻ܵ¡
ǸŲ۾СëӣȻŽӹǰһڣ²ѡ
һûԺȣľҪ񣬾ģҪ̫񡣡
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һӴ˺㿴Ŵϻ˯ĳȻǸˣעǺ飬Ϊʲô˵ģܻŮأ
ĵһ̾ת߳ӡ
¹ͤԺһĬĬĺȾơ
һ߰ŵѾͷįеɻСʱ򣬺ܶʱǿģӡʵȴǻڰҹʱٶĬĬȾơ
ܻңԶ֪ĵطһǺð죬֪СǸйµˡֻǣ׵ǣôΧΪʲôС㻹ǻܱȻܲġ
С˼һˣңƺһˣСô콾ˣں˼һôˣǸʲôأ
ҲжˣҲ֪СүͬƾűֱܵС˼ˣү
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ȥ׼Ʋ֣Աڡ
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ȻҲûǰ£Ʊȴûȡ
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һ죬һϤϾƹ봩ԽطҲʧ䣬ֻиˡΪкöŶҵʱֻһ뷨Ƿ˷ˡƾִһЩСĶ꣬һǻĺܿģҲܳԵĿġֻǣֱǸùˡ
˵㲻İˣеģֻǴǵĺ⡣
ְֺޣȻһѪĴ
ܣôᰮֻʡУ类һӦ˾֣ȻҡͷŮˣִҲ֪Ǹʲôˡ
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ţܰԼŮ˵ɽ϶ǱϿ򵥡һƯģŮˣҪһЩС£Ӧܰ쵽ġ
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ȻͷȾƣ˺ð죬̧ͷǰŮˡ
㡭𣿡
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Щ̾ûеõӦſϵĳȻЦ
Ů˰㻹ǾƷ̫ôƣȻ
ڶһ磬Լҵľͺţϼ˱žҵסھסĵطǺ¥
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ţϿȻʱű˹ȥңҶԲס㣬ûܱסţǰ˵͵ǵĶҪѺӱȥծҼǿӺƴڴϣţǱˡ
Ȼ§ţ˵ƴ硭˵ôû򣿡
治ְûסӣüˡ
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ͷ㣬ҪȥʱΣգڡҪشȥ
ĿһۣŻ׼
Ȫ룺໣ʼûȺڽˣϲС˵ģżпĿȺû´໥һһС˵С˵֮ҲһȺţ262889951
ôҲҪȥҲȻԻˡ
ãشǰ˲˵˵ǵģʱˣڽŵŮˣǺܱӵġҲȥΪţ㻹ܴǸСɽ
ţ⻰ϽͷԶԣʺ˲١ҿĳǰˣȫǱ㷸ɶ¶뷨ġԴǸˣǼ˵͵ˣ£ɶ˵
˵󣬿Ǿ⻰Ӧ˵ţ죬ȻֻľĴڳϽѺ
ҪأӹǺöˣǰжӦòµġ
ȻѾĽģۡҲ¡
⻰ƽܻȴζ


92 ֵĳ

㵭ɨһۣʲôҲû˵Ǻţ˵
ʼţϻ˼λƯ˵ɽӴλС൱Ľ̸˵ĭһƷһ㣬Ļ˵ׯڣɶ˵һѶȥһ·˵Ҳĵ൱Ͷ
Ȼֻ§źӣżһҲû˵
ţЩ
Ŀ㣬ϣܰæһ¡ֻǣȴûһ
Ȼׯ𲽵ʱ򰡣ҪҲͶһũҵϣڵҰģܾۼһԼĲƸãһƬطԿûкʵأѾͷһھӣӦǸ¶
·ߵķ羰ϲе࣬ƿЦ˵ⷬ
֪˵ʲôҪѺϻֻܱڵܼҸǿҲȨơ
Ȼ侲³ʵȴɬޱȡ
һֱ֪ȨƣЩȨƵĻȴǽڲƸϵġûǮƣȨƣӺζ
ʧȴ˶ӣûз裬Ҳû֡Ϊ̫Ҳ̫ףȥȥҪҲҪġ
㶼˵ҪҺܸ̫̫ӲӲôҪĵء
ϵ죬ܶ෽ͨˣŴӸ͵ֻǣ͵ô죿ǻᱻǿƵıȥ
αװȥ￴Щ뷨˼ǹգеķƷ
ʹ˼ʹľţϺ̸ҪغӣǾ͵Ϊĸǿ
Ϊĸǿ
߶һߵȴɵЦˡŮˣǴǸˡֻǣͬǣʵͶ飬ȻΪܰ˺ӡ
Դ⼸൱ţ⼸Ҳһ
һ죬ִܵ˸ڼҴš
˵ôǸȻȻڳﵱһ˼ҵѾͷءҲһλ˵ѾͷڳʱֽŲɾ˶ֵǮĶء
¶ģͦʵһŮ˰ô鰡
ɬ˵ɧ꣬°ּ⣬һ˫۾ˮĸҪһû¾תת۾ܴתˣ϶Ǹö°ͼ⣬ŮˣǺöɣôһȻסǴҿ˺ʹ峤˵һǴ尡ҪԺˣһ˶ܺءһ˻һ㣬ҲˣǵһأǿɻСһ˵۴һְˣְ͵ĸˣʱ˼ôֻ۴СǣǻҪ˵һźϱװ쵽ඡ
⻰ĸڵˡƽʱǺͳȻĲ˭뵽ȴһȺ縻ӿֱӾͰѺӱߡʱִ˵ǳȻ͵˼ҵĶʵĴû뷨ֻ֪һӦʵֵׯڵعӡ
ķܶĿ꣬ǰѺˣǳףӣ籧ӡ
˰ǲܿ氡ٴһ°ɣǳȻҪ͵˼ҵĶ˵ҲҴ峤ġҲؾסũҪҲ׵¶
ԵģԵģӦġҿɸ㣬Ȼ͵飬ʮа˷ˡˣ֪ǰʲôأ˵һӾ͸ˣôţĸˣǿŵңҲܶ˺þ˼ҲŸôƾһʱ䣬Ȼɽ֣ⲻľ·Ǯô˵Ǹɱ˷Żɽء
ѽ氡ɲ˰ҪһˣɲñĲӰ
ɩ⣬ʵȥҪȥ˵졣
ȴһקסȥ
Ųԥɩ̾˿֪ھԼţҲڻɳȻˡ
˼ҵ飬žУԺ׼ȥǱ߶֮Ĳްʵݵ˼ңЩ۵¶
ɩƵĻͷԶԶģȴһȺƤڽС
Ȼˣúأҿ¼ãһĸϳء
лŮǹ˲ϱģȫ˳ϡ档
Ǵ峤һңҲ˳ʱ峤Ҳѹ
˶ڳȻô峤ϱе̧ͷҪ֪֮ǰһֱͦȻġȴ͵ĳšһʱ䣬˿Ŵ峤ϱҲĹֵֹġ
ȵͣ·ڣȴЦųȻˣ˵ķ羰ɷһתת
ͻȻת䣬ףţϴһôλˣͻȻ˵Ĳͬ
ڵģҲǸģ·Χ۵Ĵ˲ͨ͸ˣλС㣬Ϊҳء
ֻǣһ鸾˼ңĿΪöҽƣ
***
һӺݻĴװԭ͸ŰȻ㣬С·ϣȻ԰룬ǣȴһŮ
磬˵̸ֹô˼Ҷһ˰
ףǸôźأ
ôע⵽򰡣ǳţȷʵǺġףˣ⣬ⲻǺ¥Ǹƹôҵ񰡣¥ǿɵǶһ¥ŮˣȻǱ¥ƹԸϳͻġȻƽã
¥ûɣҾ¥Ŀɴˡ⸽ʮģгˣԵ¥ȥΪ٣ˣǸŮǸﰡ
ȷȻƽã˵͵˼ҵĶҿ¶϶ģ氡ġ

ڿλ̬ʮĳбӳȻȫĪ⡣ڣЩľ塣
ȻСɽţĸ顣ҲǲҪȨƵġڳȻԳºЯһŮƬСɽ壬ε֤˳ģҪٻҲֵ̧¶
ܴϺ¥ˣȥɻҶӾּܰɻĿˡ˶ӡ
ţϺԼҵģܻջᡣ
Щܵǰⶺĸ˴̽£Ҳӵ˵˶ңǺλŮǽݽõʵ
λˣʲôôλϳĳ򣬾ȻǺ¥ƹأ
Ŷҿɲֻ֪ǶλǸˣˣǹ˵˰һ˼ңĲء
⵹ҲǣһģǸˣ˽˼ôˡǶλ
ǿɲôһ˵Ƕίĳ嵽ȥⲻ¥ƹҲŵΪϳΪﰡ
績ĵ˿õöͣ


93 

ȻˣλС㣬ˡ
ԴԽɫԽĲ֮ǰţҪôܰѳȻӴߵģɵã˼ұ˵˰
Ҳ˴ʡ
˵ǼҶôĽ棬ôӳȥı£ܲǶģڵʳడ
Ȼ˵ũ̷ƷģũڵڶλڵʳĴĸͼųȥ·һЩɾĻҲڵܶĺء
Ҳһһ䣬СҲȰҼҶҵġҶֻ˵ˣ뿿ԼһݼҲõĹϵ׵ĵõһЩƸ˵ʲô׵õģϧʲôġҾǲⰡö̫ʵˣ˵úõĻŲãôǵô²һݲҵأ
⻰ڸ˵̾
ĩˣţϻһ䣬ˣһǵãʱҶ˵һ䰡˭˵ŮӲУҾҪһݴӵٳĲҵ֤Ҳ˲
⻰ɰѴӸ˸𾪵İҲûعڼйţСɷеĺһ㣬ǲõˣû¾̭ǣĸɶһġʵϣǱ˭࣬һҲûǸɻõģȴֻһ㡣
ѹȣҲǲƽġȻȻ˵˭˵ŮӲУŮҲڵٳһݲƲʱֻãǵﻰ
ȻǲȻһȥȥȥܶУȻı죬ȴŮˣҲǿģ
ȻЩûóȻߴ󣬵ףȴ˲ٸ˵ĺøС
Ҳϣиܳߵ죬ЩүүǿŮˣҲܸɵġ
֪Ұѳͺˣû뵽ǶҼרóҪӡһ㣬ӣడ
ô˵һҴæ
ʵȫԵȥѽҳȥ±ʳζܲ˲ٵĹɡ
ҵ𲽣˵׵ġԺһȥֻǣ̵ȥҪǵһ죬ĸž֮ʱ
Ұͷϣʵɲô۵ģңں¥Ȼֵģˣĸҽʶ棬ɣǿܰˣҲúҺһУֻҶЩЦһ£ǺһپƾͿ԰쵽ġʡĵİµ¶ҲȥĲ
ȻȻЦ΢̫Ҫʳأذɡи˵׷󣬴·Ȼûп㣬ҲԸЦԸȥɫˡȻûɳȻܲˡ
ִʱûǮûѧʣûһ֮еģֻഺʱİãȥ̯⼸ëǮС˵кһȥԵըƬ֮ġ
ҸĸǲмģԶǴĲʮ·߳ȥܻᱻ˳Цһϲˣںҽº֣֪ʲô˵СһǺƶԺĳ
Ϊ֮ǰ͹źԲһֺŮѡЦҵһУ磬½СϰŮȽϣǸСϰŮҲҴܵŮˡºҲ֪ϰô浱С㣬ǮϵĹ˾
˵ĺܶ࣬ȫǰһЩ¶ЩִҲҺ˵ɡͬǴԽŮĳȻ,ԾͼеҪ߳
ʵԼҲԼԽ壬ֻ֪屻ǰһ죬˵ϵһɱĴӡƾΪ벻ͨˣ塣
ôƯҲΪʲôҪ˷ѾȥҵһߣڵʦŮֶΣٵ𣬲ҳɳô˺Ⱦƣ֣ӵкܶ󲻵ĲƸȨơĵڿңҲһֺѽ
ͺܿ𣿡
⣬ûش𣬳ȻֱӾ͵㲻֣෴ģ㻹ʹ࣬ǲҪʵҪһũҵʱҪôڵݰɡСˣƾִ֪ʶҵСĽԺ㣬Сһ׮ߣҴȥ׽зɨ󵣬һЩóԵĸԡ
ŮҲܸɾľɫŮӣȴȹڣ￲ĴߣֻΪ׽Щצз
ԾǣȻȻkţҵһССĶ󣬱ȥ˵ĵ£һӶ
㲻Ůˡ
ȷʵǸŮˣңˣɣŮˣҲѧһtng󵡣
***
ȵţϵõϢͰľȫ͵Ůˡ
ҵ찡λ谡һ֪ͣģΪʳأС㰡ôҲǶϹأ㿴һѣȫడ
˶ţϵ߶߶ûֻǿĵĴЦ㣬ϰһӾڲݵϲˡ
ˬˬԭżһԼҲġطȻطƧһ㣬ɽˮгԵģȵģзɶУϲطȻɶʱ򽨷ӣҪǸĽʱһҪӴҰ
һ˵ӣȻһҪ֪ڳʱͻƬطһӡǶ¥ڣ¶̫࣬ҪģðѺҪ
ӣԺ˵ɣﻹҸ췿
ʱ˵ɡˣ㿴䣬ɶҪһġЩֻоں¥ʵϣԼĲҵġЩũƷҲг۵ģھǵĵطŶ
³һϢѳȻ׵ľˡ˵棬ӣ
õܾͣϲǸڲݵûŮˡʱȣ֣ԼڳһĴ֡
ܲŹ۵һͣţϣҲŵվǰײⲻŹ۵ӡ
У㣬Ұæ߶ŸݣĽĺϾ
޽㣬ý㣬ھӣЩũٷչˡʱ򣬿ɵһЩõװһͿȥǳˡ
һ뵽ЩȻˡǣӽ£棬ʱ۾棬Ǿͼ򵥵Ķࡣ
ţҪɫŵأȥʵĻҲòȥõŪһЩɫĸɻʵѽ˲ȥġ
һ㣬˵ȻҲ󵽡


94 ƻ

صңȻȥ˻Ƶ°
λʵĺӣʱ˴ȶˡݴ˵ôҲ¡
ԹûãûܻסСү治ɶСү
һᵽţ˶أǳȻһûһأֻû£ǱҲµġ෴ģǡõƵϡȰİţĻһ԰æšһλĳҿҲʱһĻ
Ƶ°ǲĵĻȻŵ׵ˣҲͷ
ϣȻһ൱ʢ͡¥ƹҲԷ
ⶫô԰ζȷʵʰ󵣬˭ƹģҵú¶ЩҸչԺ׽ЩҼҾ¥ȫҪˡ
⣬ȻЦˣ֮һֱڽƹԷԭһԼĺʡĿģȻҪһ⡣
ã¥Ļ󵣬зЩÿֻÿӦʮûС
ΪʲôֻӦʮֶأƹס
ܼ򵥣ҪʳϡΪĸûĿзһŮķҲޡ
ۣ취ðƹˡ
뵽һ㣬ЩĵطҲʱľ¥ۣͬﻹ෴ģ˼Ҳⲻȥ
ȻͷԣЩҶҪģǻзл󵣬ռгȴڳԵĻֽŰһľ¥Ҳͻ֮İɡǵĲһۿ԰ѻɺöƷֵġ¥Ǹߵľ¥ҪģȫǮ˵⣬ͬĳʳĻһľ¥ϣҲ¥ζͱ磬Ҵ۸¥±ʳЩʳģ治ͬձĺô
⣬ƹ۾ˡųȻúãףΪʲôҪҳһٷˣԭйӮĺ¶档û⣬ϸ̸һЩʵľ岽衣
Ȼ˼һ£ŰԼ˳
˵ģĺʣÿÿΪ¥ṩʮûнԼ֮ǰ¥˽Щԭϡң̵⼸˵Ļ֤Ǳľ¥еĻ
ãھͰѷдõģ̵ܽھͰЩѧһ顣
ףϳ㻹³Ե۾ʡ
ǣҪôᵱ⺣¥ƹģ㵱ƹֻ˦ƹ񰡣ʱ򣬿һءţɣƹʱĳգһһİ˵ģֻҪǰЩдҾǸζ
Ȼ˵ѺԼã㣬Ҳѷдá۸ʱһ˫ܽܵļ۸
ʮӣҶǵĲ˷ǮͼİǩԼƹٶ˶ʮӳ˵ʵǮĲࡣϾȻ˼˷ӡԺԭ⣬ھ¥˵гۣһҲ
УƹҲǸɴˣѣҽˡȻˬ죬һҲûľӡȱǮء
ʮҲǮ
ΪڶҪչзȥԵϳƹҪȥļƻҲͷ˸ı䡣ҹЪСɽ塣
㿴ڵ²žĳȻʱڵƹӳ£϶Եࡣ
ü䣬ëɨͻȻ̾ˣ˵ôõһŮˣôҲòҸءʵ˻ǲġʶôˣΨһһסĵļһ
Ȼ̧ͷܺ˵˵ô룬ȷʵбҪ˽һ㡣Ϊ˺ӣҪҵһİ֡ܰõġһעҪ᲻壬ǾŽҲδɡ
ֻǣڽӴ֮ǰϣ˽ˡ
СⴽһĨĻȡ
ͨˣΪһֱŰءҲ㲻ϵءôҾûһ˶أ
Ͻ˵һôʶģУϵΣϹشأȻͷĴ˵ı뺷⣬㾪ľͲûӡ
ιι˰ҰĴĹϵһԼ󣬳ȻҸ㼱۰ĵļˡ
ۡءˣ˵˵ɣ¶϶ûҽ
㰵˿Ȼţô֮ӡʼ磬ɵĴ˸Ӵ˵ģҺɶ¶أҵְҵܽӴˣǶͺͷ糾Ů˵Ľඡ
һ̣ٶȻָһϷ糾Ůӡ
ſϣ֬¶İҹҲλ˳Ȼ۾˫ȻɵһӣСͬŮˣȻҲò̾Ůˣ;ߺʣѹֻѡĵ·
ƾЩȻĵɫֶΣĻӻ֣ҲǸĶ˵ǸһӦŮزǹСָǽɽɽҪǮľˡ
ҺɣʼΪһѶʶģŶˣѣԺҲġʱһҾ¥ݣǶʱֻӴλѡһ죬˴ǺȾƣ죬˵˺ܶ顣
ٽţѾ¶עҹඣȡ
˵⣬ɫЩΣҲպޣȻ
ڵĲġλѣѰҲϲˡϾһʱڣֻӴλѣһŮĹϵж಻
ȣ˵ʱʤ̫ǿͿľӦһ׮¡Ȼɣ㿴ģΪڸ㶨ˣһֱƨɺ棬ܵưΪ˸㶨һ䵱¥ͷŻ˵ǲߵģ쵽ĵģ
һ̣㲻ϸ˵ҲܰʶµĽˡȻ۾ĴǷˣ˯ȥա
ãȴֱϴֱӾͰռӣҲǹ˾͵˯㲻ˣҾ˯Ů˵
⻰ȻĵߣŮˣҲ̫Щա
ż˴Ǹ۾űӵŮˣιι׼ӣϽһ߶ȥ
뵡۾һȻýŴԼ۴Ůˣһ۸ҡҸûꡣ
סٺݺݵһקһѹ
ϣԸԳ˯һŮˡڶ𴲣ľˬš
ԭȻҲûʲôģֻǣ𴲺󣬱ײһ߳ʱ˵ʵóȻСһѡ


95 ʮץ

˶һȥԷһժȥ۲ˡ
һ۲ˣϵĶĵˡ
ȻյĵһۣϷŮûޡ
ϴһסæţϡ
ѽҵ谡λ޹Ů۶ң۶ҵǸɶϵ
ţæŰѲﵹûעϻ̻̲ı顣
˵أɶϵɶϵţǸýõĹϵô͸һģЩùϵš
Ͻˣ۾תתյţ϶ߣҿ߳ɶС㻹öҶϢ̫ء
СذǶңɶˣˣû¼ҽɶءҿʱеĻŰɡ
ϼգ۶ǰ֣Ƕţģ˵ңҾǳţĹϵ̫ɶˣǡǸһо̫һޡ
ֻǣЩţֱһ͸ɨȥˡ
˵ϣԳ˻ôģû¾ҽ۶Һ޹ŮǿһԺѣٸ˵Ҹ㼱ۣӴ˺
ţӣϾͶУУۣɶҲ˵ˡ˵ˡ
ţǰճȻķԸһЩܲҰƤࡣ
һļİͷһЩСӣС֮ġϲ˵ʱ򣬳ȻְһѩҰˣһըףһƹϣһСܲ
̵ܲҰˣɫİƹϣŨϺȣ׵͵ССȵͷ
һĲ˲Ͱ㻹гƹĸˡ
ЮһֻϺȣƹϸû뵽û뵽ʣ˵ĳԷϺζҪģҲζζôЩ꣬ΪҼҵľ¥ζǼģû뵽һũСԺȴ˺üӲԹζȻǵʦҺ¥϶Ƹ㡣
ҲæŽӻǣǣôóԵζһʦһھ¥ѽιǳԵͷҪˡвУȻҪΪҸȥֻ·Ҿ͵÷ʳѼ
ͦͦӣһ޺·ơѳƹĺţ϶ֱֺǡ
֮෴ģϣһ뵽ϿŮ޼ӣڵķĴʶ
һεˡϾҲ˵ģеⰮõˣϲŮͨԵİڿɺã׿ɰĶңòһλƤԵŮͨԵĹŮ
ҪҷϽȥȥҪʵڲУҰһպŵˡȻŮûû˵ڿôִ˼룬ٺҵҪ˵ġ
ƫƫć̬ϵ˵ӵĵɪˡ
ųţŮ˻ѽ͡
ޣΪι㡣
ƹĵϰɢû³ҲֻЦˣʳ
һ㣬ƹĳԵ൱⣬ĩ¥¶Ҳ벻һԾһͰз֮Ļ
һͰĺʣϡһıȥ
ιιǿзݰ찡Ҳֶ֪ݵءУôҲݡѽһﻬĺܰզҲסᣬҽʮץ
æҪЩз˿װ
ˣһװ˳ƹƹ˼Ҹȥĩˣ㡣
߸Ͻ֣¹ңҿطãʰȻҪģҼСҲôĽǸɽˮĵطҲŲҪȥء㰡ôҰɡ
ƹĿ⣬㲻ȥǾ¥ǰ˿ô
Ĺܶ࣬Ժŵ˵¥ĲˣΪһҡ
ƫƫŮֲԸÿ춼ͣͣȫƾ顣
һˣпһʮλ͡鲻ˣһҲпܲӿ͵ġƵǣЩǣܺΪ١
ٺ٣ɲҪĵ顣ģСˣȥٰЩôһôҲþ¥¡ĺ
ƹԭҲûҪôܵõȥı֤Ҳ͵ͷȥʱˣҪ̫ǳȻ
Ҳ֪ģ¥ĹүرĹչŮġ¹ôģүҵԶֶ㿴ŰϳµӣҲ̫˼Ұ
ӣбųƹģƹǺôһ˵ֶϽɣڿɵúúõȤ
˳ƹģѾӵķʵˡ
һжģСԼһѾͷֶ
һһ͵ϣԭͳļ˶ټ·ҲĹʡһʱ䣬ȫ˵Χۡ
Сȹ̫·СӣӴӴҪŶߣһֻӡ
ͨСԼһţĵ䵽档
Сءء
СˣڰЦء
ԶֶߴһηģطΪһҪԶˡ
·Ưϧء
˼ǹŮں·ءЦĿģҲغء
ôȥأ¼ҵĸ˰Ǻܸɵء˼ҵҲ࣬·Ҳ㣬ǣɽ棬Ҳû·ɶġ
ǰǸߵĺ˭İҲǺӱ
¶ʱȥˣţϴһӣ˼Ҳ˵ءֻ˵ˣԺȥһطھģô

ûɶ¶⼸һ㱻һ۷׷ס
ҲţǸɰСӣ˯˯˳ԣʱһ˫С۾һЦݺǺǵġ
ڴǲ²СŵȥʱСһʱء
ۡۡ
ﱧڻＱСֺˮʹ쭣֭ҲճĺܣˮǼƷˡҪ֪ˮҲǷֵģģҲճġһ˵ˮһ֭Ȼǲ˴ġ
ճȲˮܺӵϲʼʱҲζϾʼԵţϺͳȻˮζһ
СۿޣҲԸ˱ЩˮôƢ⺢չǺӣĲˣҲ˱ˮ
⺢ӣֱŤءӴӴҵСĸζǸﰡһǳӰҵĹԹԣڸ


96 

һ⸮ĵĴĴ˼Ѿͷɻûܼ̳жΪˣڲһ̫̫ġ
ߵļѾͷҲСһĿɰշˡ
ԹԵĳ˶ˮһ죬ڿˡ
ԭһֱȵˮСһ˱һڣһġһ̫̫ˣŵС
⣬Ϸˣңҵˮ϶ģСү֪ôİ
̫̫ܲ⣬ŹǺǲһˣǮҲףû뵽ӦСһСֲˮһ;ˡ
ߣСúöģզһͳһһģˣҴ򣬸Ҳ飬ϸĲ飬˭⣬ϸǵƤ
̫̫һŭŵܸµˣȫľġǣź밲һȫ̻ζŵһ߶
ĽĿű§ڻСŶСܵû֮ǰҲżܱ§ڻζÿα§ͻΪóԵĳԡ
ϧԴӵܵ˺Ҳܹһŵʧ䣬ȴûѧޡ
ˣˡʱȥеĴҲ˽
ϴ˰󣬡СǲǲŻruĸ
ԣڸϽӦ
ˣСͻȻ任ruĸһʱӦټͻȻԵ̫ճruĸԵҲ̫̲˵㣬СһʱҲӦˡ£ϷһЩҩЧ
ϴרΪڿˣܰλСɴ˿ɼСҶڵϲ
̿һУȥɫСϲ֣߬ĽġСϲʹҲûҺߺ߳ĸоǸСܵ൱ĺޡ
ΪҲաһСϲٿʱҲĿɰеģֻ񡭡
°쵽ڣҲƣ
ϽǰʾڣСž￴£Ͽɵñ壬ϽЪЪȥա
ȷʵЩ֧Ųչǲŵġôţ⺢Ĵ
̧ͷɨһ۴̣죬û֨
̵ҲǸ˶ͱ֤ڣȻƽʱҵĲôһ𡣿ﰡİһ˵ġȻȥˣĺӣǾҵĺҲ֪ģֻСϲһѾͷܺĽңԺҲиǣ
⻰Ҳ˵ʵ飬۾ףţ㻹ģá⺢ƴˣԺٲĺôϴǶҲܰ㿴ŵ̫ںֵġ
Ҫľ⻰ϲţǣҲҪһ𡣱¹ôģ⺢ܱڻԼģԺⳤҲкôǡҪģչ˵ĺãܵõڵĻϲڻϲˣǾͿΪԼϾ⸮ԺΪ󡣾ԼˣôҲڼֱ档ҪʰǸĵˣֻܽһأ
ٶǾЭŴһСһҩˣ취ҩȥ
СҩιǿҩСĺӣҩι
ǣڡ
ٶӦǡҲЦվһߣȴѣϷ⻹ǲȫҲǣ⸮ˣĸʮֵһ˵ʱأи֣ǶõΡ뵽Щ߬Сϲ֣һ
СϲƲסںߺһ
ǰеĽŲͣſڴߵСϲӴ⺢Ҳأһ³ܵܣò˯ˡ
ǣڡСϲúίǰڿʱôҲЦӭġɽ죬෴ĻҪǸ˯ŵŶ
ٿʱСϲܲϲ
޵ĶǸս۾Сһһһֽк޵ͷ
ǣûᰭ۵СŶ᲻ĺܺã
ͷһȻ˸һôҲ֮ȥæС·廨ļѾͷûСϲ޵Ǵ̣ҲֻǺͼѾͷ˵Цš
ֻ»غʱСϲҲ˹ȥ
»㣬뿴Сܵܿô
԰СܵǲǺܿɰģ»ЦӦҡű
СһڻС˭Ҳ
˭ţһЦĿġֺС첲ϵܻᱻҡĶ졣
Сű˸ڣѾͷ͸ǣĸǰСɰ۳ġ
Сܵȷʵܿɰǣ»㣬Сϲ͵ܵĸɰأ
СŮԲµµĴ۾ô»ʡһʱ䣬»ס
һЦСϲСܵܶܿɰġ
Сϲ֨СĴŵСһΪǺóԵģֿʼҪָͷ
СģСϲָͷסСһôҲָͷġ
СΧţСϲúѵõĳС¶һЦСŵϲ˲䣬ܵܣ̫ˣ˯СһŶ
»СͦãҲĵЦˡ⸮ѿһĻء
»»һĽϴ·
ʱ˴»ļõС˳ȥ
СϲŴڵĺܻСţָͻȻ쵽Ӵ۾ɵĺܴ󣬺ҲԽԽ١ֻҪȥȥͿڣﶼֻϲԼ
СѹͲ֪ǰСԼɱ⣬ֻǻСָ첲ϵİŶĴСݡ
ҲҲǵҰ֣Ұ֣Ұ֡
Сϲ֣ϵսս

ȻҪסҪôһӣҪôҺһ⡣ҾһֱˡǰɴİƮ죬ĵĲԸ뿪Ƭط
ժҰ˵ĳȻͷҲ̧ûطס
ιѵʱ򣬿ǽҰæŪġ㲻ƽ¡
û㣬ԼԸҵġ˵ˣ⼸׳԰׺ȣҲǳƽȻĿ
¿ɰ˶ĹǺأɶаǶˡȻѾľһ͵İǡңҪ
Ȼ̧ͷЦЦɨһۣð·Ǳߣ߲͡
̧ȣǰˡ
ֻǣûһû죬ǳ׵ˡ
ţߵȻǰ𵶵վҰ˵ĵط˼Ҫժˣ˼ңҡ
ȻˣҲˡ˼ȻҲժҰˣ̧ͷ߰ɣȥҪӣôҲǮ˲аɡ


97 ΰ滮

ϵĳʧһԵһЦǮеǣǮʲôǮ˵ɬ֪ҪȱǮ¶һֱӵͶءŮһ˦ָͷһֻȶҲɪŶ
һ߽ȻȻú
˵㰡˶СǮɣȷʵмġǣҪ˵Ⱑһ治ôءͶʣ㵱СնͶһأ
źɫаųȻ۵գƫԹ㡣еĽη飬ɵֲۡڳȻšһǸ˶أ˵ɣͶʶӣһǧ˰ɣ
ȻͷҲ̧мЦһشٱȻһָͷǧһũСԺӣôҲ˰ɡһ˵һũСԺӣҲǶܸ㶨ܴСԺӣһĶعɶġ
ϾһũСԺҲǰٰӱܸ㶨¶ԺӣǾǺƯԺ䡣ʯ̾͵Ժ֮ġũңСԺȷʵǺܺġ
ǧò˵ˮϹö涼Եˡ
ǣȻûͷһˡ
˵Ůˣû뵽ô۵Ů˰ǧӻġҲũСԺǾǵСԺҪĺã
Ȼһ֦Ƭյɳء
滮һ£ҪȤأ۾һһ׮⡣Ը͵û˵
ӣ㻹ˡѾͷѲ뷨ɣ
£ͷͷĴһ֦δͼ
ԴҲк¥һĹԴƬطһЩߵ϶°빦ĶԲԣ
ͷҪԴ֮ģΪԼǺġôģһҹǧ𻹿ġȻǿ˳˵ˣҲһ𹲶ȴϧԴǸ֮е˶ûȤ
Ůˣº˵ֻһɳôɵ¶ɲ˵ɣͨķҲҿԴ㵽ҪһƱģ˵ңһĻῼͶʵġǮ˵͵û
һνƦŮĳȻֱҡͷŮء
Ҳգ˵ԼĹ滮
û֣Ƭطͺܶ廹һ㲻һôɽ壬ˮ㣬˲ܣǵ鰡ĳʳܶ࣬ҩҲܶࡣִЩעصʲô
֮ܿ϶Ļش
ִҪҵһطףƣҲû̫ࡣϾŴĿȷʵǺãûҲࡣЩԻµ˼ңһֱ׷ĵһЩעؽ֮ôһЩԺյ˼ҴһƬط˵Ƭط᲻ܺ𣿡
ϵЦԽ࣬ɵҲ෴ģŴѸٵվһЩƣӶٵؾ˵ϵǰϷ糾
˼ҪһִӪģʽũ֣ȼ٣ֲ֣Ϊһĵطֱָ顣
Ƭطɽɽ棬ɾΪܸ˰㿴صççɽ˵ܶ࣬һ֮ĴڡԽߣԽһЩܹŹֵĴڡлڴ˵ط֮ġȻұˣ϶ɡ
طȴһֱ˲ٵǰԣвժҩ֮ġżҲ˴ƬɽժɶʵõҩģִɶĶƷ
ִţҲ˵ÿδ洫ĺԵҩҲãҲգ涼Ǻ˻ӭġʱһЩҲǴƬɽĿںţżĺõġƬطÿȴֻԼס
Ǵ԰һƬطôɽأͳһˣƣ۵ũȥԴ֮ģѡһЩϲӰĴˣס
ֻҪסҾӪũҶȼٴ壬϶ȫҶסһ꣬۲ָ׬Ǯģ϶ڵһͰͶıǮ׬
Ҳڵϻĺܿ죬Ҳ졣
ũҶȼٴ壬ҪǰԺµȻܹһٻ飬ұһ𶯡飬һ취ġڶԴЩȥçɽײνĵĸɫ˵ȡ֪ģȥƬطвˣҲǮ˼ҵӵȥײˡõõƳɹĻƬطȷʵĹӵܡȥˣ˵вٵҪײԵˡǵƣȻ͵һ档
ڣ˵һũҶȼٴĽ죬һ㣬ǲϸҲͶʵġ
ȤȻⷴӦϾΪִ˵ܻ꣬Ƶĵطǵ۽Ҫһ㡣
ȼٴ壬ͶȷʵǺܴ󡣶ң˵ģطܹƾ˾ܸ㶨ġϾ˺ˣ˭Ҳҵ᲻ᱻЩϲȨ̰û
ǰڣҪģǻһסӵͶʶǮǱҪķӡһܸ㶨ġ
ڶҪǶȼٴ壬ҪģǽũСԺľ¥¥һ֡һ£һƬطһС¥һľͷᡣ
ÿһȼ٣ǶܵƬط󣬸ֵܵأнƣΪһĻִĵطҲܴǰȼٵġʱǸΪڹ֮γһɷᵽȼٴ壬˲֪˽⣬ǻԼҲˡ˵طܲٵ𣿡
ģֻʣµͷķˡҲŲһЩϸڡ
ԶԣС¥ķҪģľͷӣ滹ƤװΣǰִĸݻ⼸ַ񶼷Щ棬Ϻݻ󲿷ֵӣݻΪءҲвעطţŵҲҪ١Ҫģǵװ޳⾳ɫᣬٽһЩ֣лཡ֮ĵطʱĴԡɽðջ
ŮԽ˵Խ˷ܣǰǹ滮ǺܺõġֻǣԤ㵽һʽ˶ɵˡ
ѽҵ谡ͶʣǲٰҴԵĹһ͹С¥ͶʣǶýһӡ⻹۲ǰᡣҪģӺľ֮Ĳϣۻñʷãɾ൱ڽС¥ǮˡɶãЩҩģҲȫǴȻġִһǮĻ˶١


98 ܸɵС

ʱķ൱ģЩȫþʦĴңҲһԼĴһЩҩ֮ģķãȷʵǺܰġʱ㲻Ҳס˼ꡣʱ½죬ûӵĴ󡣱Ͼ㴦ᣬпסʮʮꡣĻҲǼʱ򡣾ΪԷǰʦ룬һֱǺǮ;ġȻȻִҲٵ֪ʶɶЩطҲ˽⡣һʷãҲͽʡˡ
û취Ҫã͵Ͷ롣ӣǻýһЩӴӣԼңùƬأ˹سǰڵͶ룬ҹһţôҲ嵽ӡ֮ǰǻƣҵһЩũҲƷҲ𽥵ȥõģһڣЩеũƷǵҲ֪
ʱ򣬾ЩˣܳԵũСʳΪ٣ʱ˳ưũҶȼٴ彨Ҳ˳ƶΪˡ
ͷҲ˵һ̣ȵùأٰũٴȥƳɹ󣬾˳ƶΪȼٴ塣Ȼ治һļ黫һôɶء¹ȼٴôˣյˣ϶㡣Ѿͷߣа
ȻȻЦЦҲϣһԶƻһʵƶ󣬻ȷʵǰɫƷǺĶȼҪеһУ档
ǣûطȼٴ壬ȼ٣ܴδķŮʱܹҲǮ֮ġ˵ˣҲһӾʹھ¥ɡôģԺҲù˵ڽ㣬նȹຣ
ջŵ¶Ͼеҵȹ滮һ³̳ٶԱһȻЩ˲ٵǮҪͶ뵽ȼٴ壬Ǿ͵ȫڹ⡣ȥǵʵļһ¿ˣ˳Ѫһˡ
Ȼ۵ľˣɣ֣һҾ¥Ϳٻһνġ˾ǣֻҪٻһţ˼Ҳһĵð浱ֵǮء
ҲźٺٵЦŮƤֻ˲̧ͷ⻰ɲ˵Ժ󻹾ˡҰҾˣҿҪһֱţҶӳˣҲõġ
¶Ȼûİ壬۾Ȼţ¶϶ǺȤġ
һһȼٴƻҪһƬСɽ壬ǿɾ͵ôĹˡȻùصʱǿƬçɽáϾҪƣǾ͵ÿɽ
㣬ȼٴǸõļƻһʱҲʵвˡһǹص¶ҪһƬȫʱϾ͵öֻ꣬һڵļƻУǴ͵չغɽõģܰһƬɽ͵ضֻӵ֮أʵжȼٴļƻ
Ҷƻһȥһ£ڸ𸴣λүǽҾϣȥʵСʱЩȨƴ󣬱ۺ˲ԤǹأҲ˳ĶࡣֻҪȰ˵⼸ˣµ÷Щ򡣡
Уô˵ˡҪķչССֵȥڡȻ֣ȴڴţҵгɣܰѺҪˡ¹ܸôţûߣչǲԲġ
һ뵽ӣȻղŵ׳־ҲȻˡ
ԽѹԽг徢
Ҳôһ˲еȻȫ˶־
ȥ󣬾ǹȻƵ°ȸˣԻļһ£ȻҲ̫ڲġ
һʱĹ۲ϲķһʵôڵĸˣũ¹ϣȻԼһסѺüεȥִԴ̽պܾϲǣܰũ°ŵľ
ڼңҲܰЩôôôļá
Ժŵ˵ǳȻˣҲֻһˡɴҲܿǸڻ۵ĸŮ
Ӿƽжȹܿ͹ȥ˶¡һ죬ٶǰҵҸ׼ȷĻظҪִĶȼũׯ
ŮˣҵĺҸȫָһũׯԺ󰡣ҾͿɽׯԷ֪һӵĻһƱڳȻǰʱϵİš۵ĳȻ޲š
ˣһӵĻأؿ˵ʵͳطż꣬Ҳʱɣʱ䣬ôˣ֪ɡҵڣҲżǧءЩҲİҹӰŸ㶨ġңֻܰǼǧҲô׬ġͷҪǮĵҪ͹ϵ
ԼҪѡһڲͬ·Թ˭šˣҪģһǲҪȥײԵôҪЩԵɶƣܵúһȥһˡ
˵ЩֹĿһ۳Ȼһӡ
˵ɣʲô飬һ˵Ҹءĸӷ¶ҶˣбҴ򵹲ɡȻǱĶ࣬ǵĮĴ˵ʵ顣
У˵Ǳ߶鷳
ȻĶͣЩ׼ġɽļҲҪʼˡȻûо¶ȲܷС̶ӦͶļ̣ȥ˵ġӣҲͶŵɽ棬ҰڷšƬɽϣϷ򸾺סǱ߶ġһǽ˳ǵס⣬һ棬˿⡣
ССȥݻбͶȥҲǱߵĵطϾҪɻһȺӣ䵱˿ɽͼ̵ΡСͰСʯͷ⼸˵ܿɽ֣ҡ
СõĻ˵㣬ͷĵĽǰɣѧ飬ǻСʯͷšҺͰѧ󣬾ͿԻˡЩǸû˵øǿǮҪû
ôţСҪ£ȻŵֻҪĺãιĲʱ˼Ǯῼһݵġ
ԼҲƾǮСһ൱ĵɪġΪˣüѧѧǰСƨĽŵġ
㶨󣬳Ȼרȥ˳ֵź㣬ϲǣûжѡ෴ģͬһƬˮԭڳĺܻʵ


99 ȥ

Ϊżµţ֮ģЩͶȥһ£Ҳָͷ⣬ǻƵ°ҲܾȡҪ֪ιҲһҲܳţۣȷʵЧġҲΪˣţϵֻ䶫۹ⳤԶ֮ǰ뷨ʵɵһ˿Ҳޡ
ũҵ飬ȫõķչ֮ģȻаȥ֣ҹȥ
Ҫȥʱϳ̸˺ðҹѽһЩҪһ
ɩӣεĲ࣬ҲǼԺ˰϶СĻˣҵҲչˣҲͶˡ¶ˣ˳ˣԺǰҲзһ㡣
ôչҲ۵ıũҡƬطǲġӹֻز˱ʳҲ׳¶
ɩӣðƬˡֵ飬ҶаֽҲдһЩעһҳȥпܻһ꣬ҲпܻǶꡣԼﻹСþ⼸СһȫָǶ࿴һ㡣
ӵõ֧˵Ҫ󣬳ȻǿҵԤУһȥ⣬ֻʱ᲻ϡ˳пһڻع顣˳ͲˡԼĻýǵв¶нõǣǳ㣬ź֮ܳˣҲϵ˺¥ĳƹ
ʱֻҪ͵¥ۼ۾ͺáҪ뿪ҲһƬŵ׵ġüĺӪΣ
ңͷİɣ¶Һţһ𿴻ţ¶ġҲܰҵסݼҵġ
⻰ȻҲͷĵЦˡϵ֣ţɶģˡƴҲҪˣʱ¡Ժũׯչ鰡ܾ͵ָͻƴˡ
ũҵ϶׬ܺǮƣ뵽ģȥһˡ˽̻ҪģҪȥ濴ûб·ܰϣָũׯδũҶȼٴ档
Ҫúõĺ˼·еġǮƣҲóȱǮ൱ȱӡ
ΪҪñ䣬ʹСɽǰݵĺܣκΣȴܱ֤ȳӡΪ˶ӣƴҲ߳ȥ
ڶһ磬ȫ˶˸磬˶۰Ͱ͵ĿĻҲ˵һһ顣ĩˣȻţϺϵһߡ
λɩӣóһˣ¶Ҳ֪ġĻбģ鷳ȥԼɩӣʱţɩӵôźӣԵĻ͵öģҲһ¡ǲģһ»ƴ磬ƴɩũׯıˡ
ãһȥÿһ顣ԼҵĺǹĻشܵõҵʶĸҪϧ¶Ժ󶫼һҲܸкӹ
Լҵĺ󣬳ȻֿһߵţϣɩӣһҾͲȥˣС͸ӴáСѾͷ廹ǲôãͶˡзʲôģͰҽ̵ǵЩ°취ҪҲ򣬱ʡЩǮ
ţϲĵͷʵͦĽϵģһȥׯĻǺҫ顣Ҳʡõģﰡ໴ĺӣٲĲ͡
һöأҪһЩ±˸ƭҪע⣬Ʋ¶װˣ˵Ǯ͵Ǯ˲٣һСЩ
һ߿Ĺӵ㲻ϵҡͷѽûôİôȫˡˣǼҲ¸᲻أ˭ҪҰȥǾ͵ñ˵˼׼аǼӸһȥ£¹ôţҲǺһߵģôѷĹȥɵĻᣬǼѵõġôѷģСҲǶȥˡ
Ϻţ϶㣬ϣİѳȻһߣǾɨһ۲Զ㡣
ңҲ˵Ҿ޹ŮͦõģҲġֻǣϰûԵ޹ʵİͺޡãҲ¾Ӧõġ೤۶ܾãͦƯģ˾̫ôȥ㱻ء
ĩϻһ䣬аɵעһ˵еŮͨԵġҿ޹ŮһҪ
Ȼֱҡͷ㣬ǼüŪ۵ġǵɪӣĳȻ޵СŮˣԴ֮һֱͼķ䡣ѹͲϲһ˯ƫƫŮ˻Ҫ§һ˯ݵģÿ󣬻ǰһٷӡ̬£϶ķҲԽŨ
ˣȻ§ССһˣҲǳСȻݣ˯ʱҲ۾ʱҲǰࡣ
ʱڵץڻСһſſѶ
ءһʪʪСӡǶȻ৵ľӿʱ䶼еĺСٺ̫ȣǲǿ뵽š
ءСһ˲䣬һοˮڼ򣬻һںӵζ˱ǶȻСӡһǡʱˣһһλҲǰһ㡣
ӱʵյĽԼӵΡ
һߵţϣšһ뵽ǰһλܼҵֵʹӴϢţϵžĵ䡣Ǻӣĵﰡôһ㣬ȴǰҡ
˵ΪСү¶ϷȻѺܶ˳ͷһģŰ¶ţûҺͳȻ˵˵Ļӵѹġʱ䶫ҵʧ䣬жԾ䣬п֪ŵ¶ءڵֻ֪ûб¶ǰϢ˻ȥ
㣬ҪءС۰Ͱ͵ĿǿҵĿóȻһ֮ӡ
С壬㲻ǲȥ棬ֻһγȥҲ֪ôԾһΰɣ´˳ˣͰȥһ档ǳ¼ҵŮڼﵱ廨Ůġôӵ֪Ҫȥһֱһȥ
ҲˣʮŮӣҲǰѾͷǼƶģͶ׵˵ޡΪгȻŴţڼš
㣬һҲһȥѧǧãһȥ硣Сչ˲۾ģûٴţͰһٵѧȥٴȥСԼ̲סҪ޳
ڳȻ,ͳͨĽùϵСҵǱʶѳȻԼ㣬ĸĴڡ


100 ̹

˿
ѽιһӰҿûϵģҪһ߲ˡôôİ㿴ҵÿ˶һҪ˵ӣҸоأǵĹǶҪˣһȫˡ
ȤȻȴĿ顣ʱ˼ﲻȻı뵽š
Ҫ˵˺Щ󣬳Ȼ³һ䡣
Ϊˣ˸ȥܲôװǸܰεˣͦͷء˵һ֮֮֮´ˣʱôȥȡ㻹ҪҶȴȻͷĴϣ˵ҪҶӣº˵ģа취ġ
Ķţֻúϴܡ
ҪȻߣ۾ȴûֱ
˵ɣҶôˣǲǳ˺鷳飿˵ܸ˵ĴĿǰֻһôĴڣܱ˿ȥȻ˵۾Ͳû
֪Ҳˣ֣̣ҹ̣ңһǷǸ˵ŲǺܺá
ʲôȻ֣֣߬лȻɫ̾һƽʱô򶨵һˣһǣǸСͻʧأͻѵķ
ţ˵ûˣûˡŪ˵ӣ̫̫Ǻϵġ赹ϽڵĽʵ
Ҫ֪ࡣǣȻԵĲţ˴߬סֱһƬ
Ⱥˮٸ侲Ҳ࣬ȥĳ飬ôҲ鲻
侲ô侲㣬㲻Ǻӵ㲻ףҹ͵ʱŲruĺӣ֣ȴֻ§һƿζ㲻뵽ϰԵҪȥĺʱȴֺӲߵĿ顣뵽ÿʧߵҹһ뵹Ϊãûб°Ѻӱס˼ҰѺӸ˵ʹ࣬ĵζףһ㿴һĺʱͻûɵʹ
㣬㲻ǵˣ㲻жʹжѹԼҪѶҪӱʵһ˹ȻյҵĶӣÿÿҹ뵽ʱֻűһĵᡣ뵽ССʱֻܰԼһţԼǱ߲ܿࡣ֪жٴΣڰҹʱžͳȥ󣬲ŷԼ׶Ρ
㣬ҵĶӣֻҪҵĶӰֻһȵĹҲҪܰһҲܼҡֻǡֻҪҵĶŮƽһ𡣿ҵõʲô
ʧصĳȻűԺһֱ״̬Сżܺ˵Цһ
˵˶ԾЩ⣬ģû̫ĸı䡣ʵϣ˵ʱֻǿԵѹԼ
Ĵĺ󱳣۾Īľͳʪ
ţ⣬֪ʧȴ˶ӵζȻ,㣬£һ˾εġܸ㣬ҲйһôСҪסգȴһҩǿйȥȻ֪жôҵĺӣҲĺӰô˵ĺġڹҩҵһ仰ǣҲһŮһĺӵġ
Щ˽װѳȻˡᣬֻǴĿ۾죬ȴûˮ㡣ʱҲƽʱϷ糾еģֻǳгǵĺޡ
ҡʶĵһˣҲҶСĵİһˡǣȫĵĸȴֻǵõһغ컨һҲһŮ۵ĺӡǺǡȻ֪жĽôȻǸҵˣûмܼңôţܰһһĺõġ֪ΪʲôҪһܰôΪҲϣĻΪҲţϣ˲ʵϣܰȷʵֵصġϳʧܵͬʱҲҿ˵һ
˵Ůˣڳһ󣬳ȻǺࡣ
㣬ʹţҵʹࡣĶԱȣҾȷʵǺࡣ룬ûбҺ²غ컨ѹڵ˵˵Ļǣһһšа취ġУֱϷˡȷҶôˣҲĵ뿪
Ȼִ֣߬ţúߵ̾˿ŭϵ˶ûɶ˵ģԺĴҵģҵģǮҲҵġ
أֻҪܸ㶨Ǹˡ
֪ҲУǲٸҵңͲˡ¶ҵðһ£ҿƽʱаܸҪһڵģǲˡ˵ǰǲǾǷأҰ˭ãҪСûĵġ
лл㣬㡣Ȼʱȴ֣ص˵˵лĻʼӽԼǴʲôĿģʱԼ飬ȷʵǿȦɵġһ㣬ȻһֱǼġ
лл㣬㡣Ȼʱȴ֣ص˵˵лĻʼӽԼǴʲôĿģʱԼ飬ȷʵǿȦɵġһ㣬ȻһֱǼġ
Ϸ˵ԽԽˣȻɰҲĥˡ
Ǵ֮Сһĥ˵ĺܡ
ΪˣȻŭ죬Ҳ˲ٵˣӵ壬չ
ڣָķ˰һϲǰ㱨
Сӣô˵˭أѲкˣǣѵõĵ٩һº
ڵ٩΢
ڣŪ˼ҵġģǸַ˵ΪСүﲻҪһλܳľ˵ʦôã˼ǰСүӹȥʱҲΪۼүһʦˮܽˡ
⻰ڵ͸Цۡ
ӴӴΪַ˻İ˵ǼһǺʦнģһҲΪǸɶšҪһ£ۼСһǺ£Ҫ顣Ͻַȥ
ΪּҵϷȥٶʮλʦ˵˼ҵиүˣҲԸءΪۼСү϶ָܻġ
ϲӦ˸ҾϽȥַȥ
ϷЦŶڴ͵ϣ˼ȴƮԶԶġ
ʱ̵õŶҲϽ˹
Ϸˣ̡֮
һ̣ڵɫ൱ѿ


101 ҹ治ɷ

ȥùŰɣһˣܼ
ǰ㱨ĸʹף˻ء
ԴһСССү˺˺˳ţҲǣȥҲǣСС¶˺Сүʣ˵ǵҲָļá¶ܲϷô
ǰȥ̻㱨
ŻãȴһŻסزԡԲ𰡣ңŰɡ
ĿһۣʵͦģΪʲôͻȻ˵밲飬һأбİ
Ҳǣ⸮ˣĸǾءԴ̵ľ֪Ƣõʱ򣬻
׵Ĵ̣֣ĵطԼĶϡ۽ǵĵЦݣôҲһˡ
̸ַĺܿģڵࡣ
ŴǰСĻ㱨
ڣԺ̻ŵģ
ߡŮ޷֪ˣ˵úõһӣôͽ̳ĵˣ
亹乡һε飬Ҳҿڲƽϣû׷ĹСССȴɲԭˡ
ʵһε飬ҲһǴ̵̽ġ
Сĵ˵һ䡣
ˣҲ⣬ҪûƽʱĽ̵Դ֮ģǲһССĺӣôײеĴڡǺôˣ
˵СԼҲ÷
˵ʵǰСǺܵڵϲġ˭뵽һССĺӣԼ׵ܵ֡
ǺӣһֱѺںԺ棬𡭡˵ЩҲ׵Ļš
ô˵СҲĺӰһĺӣԺӺԺҪĻȥжѰ
⺢Ӱһ̾ˣҲСġֻǣҹ治ɷϣԳͷҪġֻ⵱˵ҪôҲˡ
ڣղŴ̺Żš
ԭƣ͵ĺܣҪϢˡզȻһϢһ¾
ɶ˵̸Żţ۾Ѱ˼һҲǣԸˣк󣬻ʵĴţǻĺЦˡˣҲˣϴĻƣȥŰɡöʲôģǰȣ롣
֪пܻˣҲġӦ󣬱Ͻȥ̡֧
ϣĴһѸϢɫͱˡ
ֱǿ帣ЦЦŤ뿪
ס˵СģԸգҡͷȥҺԺĹȥ
ֿڣ
ԺﾲĵأһҲޡ
ԶʺŵĸϽ˹

ֻһɺԺĴС֣͸һѾͷȣλǵġ
ʲô
ŵĶѯʡ
⣬һûĶ
ָϽ̯֣ʳӡ
ССôŰɣüûдֵ¡Ҫ˵ֻʳôҲŵġҪ֪ĹػǺϡˣȻ֪Ǹɻʱ˽԰ղԺȥҪʳ͵δȥ𰸲Ҷ
ССԺҲˣˡңҾǿѾͷôСˣԡԾ͵ԵġңԺҲˡ
ΪΪ˳ʹġһᵽСʱŵ¹
ȻпԸɹѺСС㵽ԺϾϷ˵֪˵ȴΥ֣ĵȷʵǲС⻰ѹָӵĺ¡
С㣬ĹūһذɣˣСԺ󸻴󣬶ҵɾġ
ҧˣūƤӹˡ¶Ҳ֪Ժ󲻵·ϵΥ֪ģҹ治ҡѹĿĴﵽͻһ㣬һתһϣԺСС㣬ͦá
⻰˵һ룬Ͳ˵һɻҲ
С˼ǣ
ūղŻͦءû뵽ǸɵġСС¹ôģҲܡ⸮ˡա
һ£ֿˡ
֪ˣ֪ˣССǷˣҲܸС㡣ô˵ϹͷŽء죬λСС㣬Ժٰų˼һһˡǵūŵģֻҪݣ˶ͺá
䴽ţūġҪô˰ɣ
֪֪ˣСС㣬ֻǷˣʵϣˣ̹ܿǵĽѵҪôȡ֮ģȴǲܵġҪȢ·죬ССͻûˡ
ˣūˡ飬ɡҿСȥ
ƵĺԺʱһɹζ˱Ƕ
ȣζŵһӡ
ԺһֱһЩ˰ǶѷһЩĵطʱûļһӹζͻС½⡣
һߵ֣ϽĽ͡ƬطһڹܡԺӵĺԺҲڴʱһЩ߲ˣůĲˣȫһڴŵġڣһСС㣬ǵ飬Ҳ͸ӵĶˡ
ˣȻ࣬ȥæȥɡ֣һǰСȥСӣȻ©꣬ҲʵĹƵġ
ңĴ֨֨ܡӰеĴȥų¾ɵĴϣһСŵӡҪǱ΢ĲΪϵˣ˵ġ
ŲûţֻһƱӦǲԵʣƿʱŷ˸⾲׵ԺʵЩˡ
ϵС˶ٶԭյ۾ٿ.
ǵ𣿡
ڿʱС۾¶ʧ
Ǹ˵ЦСӣȴľ״ֻǵһ˫նĴ۾µĿŲǰĸС߬˱ӵõõĶš
£˫۾˵ľ⡣
ˡֻú䷢ɬʲôܵССѾͷĺġ
ҪˣҲҪˣڸҪˡҪˡС˵۾δҲֻһ˲䣬ĨȥᣬСĵĿŸԲֻǲСĲſˡԺԺ󲻻ٿ˵ġҪЦҪЦ˵ҪЦЦ˵ϲˡҲ˵ҪҶ˶ĵЦԺͶЦҹԹԵģᣬǷҳȥòã


102 

󵽺棬Сֻúķš
̾һָ̧˸Сһɿݵͷǰʱ䣬Сһͷ⻬ءżǣͱ˸ɿëӡ
СܸңΪʲôǻѿˮܵܣô
£Сֵļ
ûУûУûСûУֻǡӦõģеעӡԺڲϲҡң˵ǸŮˣǸǮأҺҺҵܵܣǡ
ʧصСӣǼУǲ
Сˮץסȴҡͷת߳˷䡣
ʲôһеõ˸ı䡣ʲôһССĺӣôСʱ򣬾ΣС
򸮴ԺĹ֮£ڲ˶ٵĶء
ȻܽŵվָԺСһ뵽һܿţûɵľͽš
ֿҲ°ɣߵʱҲвʮˡôãûУû᲻һĶЦ
ÿ뵽ţľץӸεʹ
ֻʧȴˣ֪Լжûá
ӣָĺԺҲ㰲ŵĵŵĵط
ǰİţҪӣֻܴѾͷһĺšŷʦźӽʱ̣ܶộҲܼˡ
ȴʱ൱ǰԺвĳ
ָΪȥϷ¡ʵַҲ˿ˣȥˣܵĵ
Ͻɣҵĺӡ
۾Ȼ겻ȥĿƲˡڵģʱڹȥԶĽŲ
ҲȻվſڣԶӰ
ȻܽŵվָԺСһ뵽һܿţûɵľͽš
ֿҲ°ɣߵʱҲвʮˡôãûУû᲻һĶЦ
ÿ뵽ţľץӸεʹ
ֻʧȴˣ֪Լжûá
ӣָĺԺҲ㰲ŵĵŵĵط
ǰİţҪӣֻܴѾͷһĺšŷʦźӽʱ̣ܶộҲܼˡ
ȴʱ൱ǰԺвĳ
ָΪȥϷ¡ʵַҲ˿ˣȥˣܵĵ
Ͻɣҵĺӡ
۾Ȼ겻ȥĿƲˡڵģʱڹȥԶĽŲ
ҲȻվſڣԶӰ
ǶŰաʦߵһλӿŵ˵طʾڵ뿪
ǾͰʦˣ⺢ǰʱ˵ʦ˷һ⺢ӿ϶ܺġ
Ȼ̧ͷܣڵ˶һ߶ء
ǰһЩʶѾͷҲǱ߶վŵġͷҲֻ̧ǹԹԵŮ״Ƕ
ڽϣɸͺѾͷһһҵĻȥһ߶š
ȥʱɨһĳȻﻮһ˿ɻֻãζôźϤءִҲת۱㱻Ժ
ôţָҲСүôġ
ϷˣȥŰգūŸСүҾͰȰ䡣
ҲãȷʵǴ󡣡
ڵˣǰʱְҹغţȻڡ֪Լӹǻܿһˣ˭ػҪػأ
һӾͺ⣬ʦ˸⡣
šʦһȣȻϽŹϡ䵽СŵϣڿСһ˲䣬ﷺᡣ
ǺӣȻȸշֿʱҪСһЩ˶ٵĥ
⺢ӱšʱһֱûڵʦ˾Ȼӡ
һȻ֮á
Ͻǰӹӻţ֪ǲʹȻСһڿʱСԴ䰡䡣
һ˫СҲҪҲСݡŶĺԼ״к
ӡ㡭Ȼе뷨ȫ
ıŷֿµĺӣ־ޱȵ㡣
Ѻӵ·ѵʱʦַˡ
ŶáȻ⣬Ȼ
·ȫ⿪ݵĳ߹һʱ৵ľ¡Сkʵ¶СһȼĲкʱļг
ŵȼ䣬һź˺ۣЩ⻹ۺۺġӿ䣬ȣȫǲк졣
Ȼ˰̣˺ۣǴġ
ʦ⺢ӻôС̳ˡʦҲŸ̾
Ҫ˼һˮͻȻʦġǡЩĿ
ֻעϵĳȻѹͲע⵽λʦ˵ת䡣ûǣʦˣȤĴ
̧ͷһλʦˣضᾪȲѡΪ䣬ȻɰжȻúʦһзʱ͸ааƦζ
ʦˮûأôܸ⺢أۻЩȥء
Ŷͽһ˵ҵҲôһ¡Ѿͷ˵ʦҪҪΪ⺢ˮʹأãʦȴʳȻ⡣
ȻűŵҾѡ̧ͷӭʦƦֱüͷһ塣ʦаϣЦҲƦĺܡɼ֮˵ϡ
ˣôͱŷǸʦأ
Ҽʦ㣬ҪҪΪ⺢ӼʹأӺܲٴظʦ⡣
ʹ࣬ððʦʩΪĳȻﻹ˵ϱģֻ֪ܼŵʹ࣬Ǿõġ
Ŷ㡭ʦˣʦˣͻȻųõЦݣһЦһ貶Ŀһ졣
Ҫĸ˿ţ϶εҲˡʱȫλʦ˵
ǣʦΪ⺢ӼʹࡣȻ̼ٴظ¹ضӣ
Ҫʦ֪ʦĴж㣬ʲô󣿡ʦζЦݸ
˫ǻһâ
Ȼ̧ͷĿСŮӲ࣬ȫժһвУѶӣԼϵһȦժ
ЩǳȻȫֵǮĶˡ
ʦĿ˿Ķֻ޳ֵЩһ鿴
գʦҡͷ
֪ʦ⸮һˣжӵĽЩʦһҲֵʮӰɡʮͶĲ࣬᲻̫һ㡣š
ŶСһﱻڳȻĻ֫õ˽ţȻҲ䣬ôŸ첲ŶŶĺͳȻк


103 Ը

СʱʱģųȻͷ
ĶӣǰʦƵס
ȻüʦҪôſʩȴӡ
ǿԼ侲
Լһˣλʦ̸С
ҲȻſʦƺĻ
ҲƤ಻
ڴʱʦˣôôˬ
ΪɾԼӣȴ̸
ʦ˿ĴԼһΪзȵЦݡ
ţ˵ʦô
Цݣ˵ǸԵЦݡ
ĽĳȻ;Цݣզľôء
ӻСأʱˣ⺢ӻ䰡
ҿûⱾ°ɣװŪƭǮơˣҲˡȻվλʦˡ
侲뵽ǰĻЩ¶ҲպԼʧǡ
ⲻ֪ڳʩʦˣԭΪԼֻջһλٸġ
ɡ
һ˽ͽϧҡͷʦһֱܼͦٸģʧ˰ɡʦҲʧЧһ찡
ʦĳ鴤¶ܶ˻ͽܴƣǿҵûӺòá
ˣ˵װŪɷʦҲһͰСëˡҲҪǷһ飬ʱ򡭡㻹һͿɺã
ȻλţʦɣΪӺõ뷨ռϷ硣
Ͼĸˡ
ЩɵĶǰʦͣˣôҪһͣ
ԣһ͡ʦͦͦƽš
ͲһɣȻɲΪѶһʦˣ޹ʵҪһż򵥵͡
һߵʦͽ۾µµתš
һʦˣһֿȻ
ϸֶᷢԳȻͬġ
ֻһ͡С˽˹̵ˮҪ˵˻Ǽ򵥵ģûʦ֣СֻԺ޺ġ
Ȼźӵһ۵ɵԲ˼˵⺢Ժпܲ١
ʦͷǰߵǰ
忪ڿָͷŵȶָȼ˴
ԼĵطҲء
ϳ壬ڲôСʱȴص˻ΪСк󲻳ɣ
䡭
ȻӣǱըһ
ţȫ
飬ǲ
ִҽԺ幤ʱҲӴһƵĻߡ
£һ˵ȷʵпܲٵġ
⺢ӻ˵СͷĴ¡
һˣջ᲻١
ңĲģҪô
뵽Щʧ̫ǣȻľһš
ҪԼű̫ࡣ
ۣʹ۰ɡ
Ϊ˶ӵҸ°ȫ¸ˣҲþζӡ
аվСǿ£ĳ
ʱĳȻ˫
ʦʦͽĪľʹ˸
ʦңӴŵ񷨣ԣԻܺáۣ⳥ʦһ͡
˻ھ͡
Ȼĵͷã˵ɣͣҸʲôۣ
ãʵַҲ͸¶ˣ⺢ӵǸģҲ̰ģֻҪ㵽ʱȥȡһ;У
ȥȡȻɻĿǰˡ
֪Լַ˰ŽˣһҲ֡
ҪһҲ⣬Ϊʲôλʦ˵ľֹ˵֡
Ƶģλʦˣƾʲô϶ȡͣ
ȡ͡Ϊͣһѹȡ
ֻһ仰ȴĳȻȫ䡣
ǴԽ겻١
ǣôҲ뵽ȴһۿ
ҵԼ֮ǰǾԲʶġ
㡭
Ĵ۾дɻ
ǰֲһЦٶȻָƮƮĳƨ
ʦʮ޽֪һ˲֪¶ֻǽ˲䣬ʦ㿴ıʡ
Ȼۣղŵٶʧ
ֻоλʦ˵λʦġ
⿪Ĳλõˡ
ãҴӦ㣬ʱæȡ͡ڲҪôΪͽܣ
ʳ⻰Ȼˡ
ⲻŵô
̫̫ôλʦˣֻҪһᣬܼ̫̫϶Ӧġ
ð죬ȥ󣬱ʦһ˵⺢Ȼһߵġ
һߣ׽һ磬ȻһӾͷˡ
԰ôʲôʦ۾תתѲɣ뵱ͯﲻɣҲǣ⺢Ҫһλ
ڳȻظо͸bһ
ζ൱Ĳ
ʱĳȻҲ˲ϱġ
ϵ󣬡ԶԣҿԵ⺢ӵġģụ̂ܰȫҳУ⺢ƽʱտҲտšʦ˲õġֻҪֻҪҸžС
Ī¶һаЦݣɫһ
ʦһ¡ΪСͿҩɣͯʦˡ
һأȻٺλƮƮΥ档
ԹԵطţλͽܰһЩӨҺͿĨű˵ĵط
Сһƺĸû۵Ŀޣ෴ģССĸ첲ȶžĵš
ʱʱģ³һСݡ
ء
ȻǻԼСһίؿԼָͷ
ˮ۾ƺڿΪʲôңΪʲôңңͶ౧ңͶҡ
һŴĸģǱСһίܡ
ȻӴ
һߵʦˣǺĴСš
żģֻϡ
ֻǣʦƵǣ˼Ҳһ¡
ڳȻǰüأȴûõӦ
գʦ˼Ƶİһ
ʦˡɿǺˣ⺢ӵˣ
ȣͯ˼򵥵ġ
˵ȻϽĵǰ
ܿ겻һĵʿôҲͬİɡ
ȻŵζҲòϣԽֹܵ飬ˣ
ţӵóӡ
ԣӦõġǺӵ˵⺢ӾӦιϧûˡΪӦõġ
⺢ӵɶģø𡣡
ԣû⡣Ӧõġ
̵ֻһЩɵһЩɵʱø
ԣӦõġ
øҺͽܵһ͡
Ҳû⡣
ҵĿ

áðɡһ겻ܳҵĵߣҵĵˡ
ģʦỨ̫ġԭֻ˵һ겻ʮģȻܴ󷽵˵ҪǱʦЦˡ
ȻֻӬһܡ


104 ʦ

һֱűˡ
ʱ˷ء
ˣ˭ԼŪ˶ӣڱƾưɡ
پٰɡȻ۵ߡ
ԣһһǧͽҲ㡣СͯҲ㡣Ŷ׼ȷ㣬˵һǧӡʦȴٴοڡ
ƵĳȻͲûѪ
ҶôҲƣ
ҲͽܡбҪȥһλʦ˺۾в
ðɣһǧ塭һǧȻٴβĳЭɶ
Ӧø̰ƿӡ
һڣʱʦһôǮõʱ򣬾ʱŵġ
Ȼͷɻ̲סĶһ䡣
ʦôƣҲ֪ǲҪΪλͽһλʦﰡ
ۡСͽֿˡ
ʦȴŭĵһۡʦǰݵúҲǺҪһ
Ȼٴα졣
УʦҪԵĺãĺãҪöȺáãΪʦȣ̺֮š
Ȼ£ʦĴү
һΣе㻳ɣ׵ɷ磬пˡֵԼͶ벻
գǩһϵвƽȵԼʦ˴Ӧ˳Ȼ
ͯȫȨίд
֮ȫȨίдֻΪ⺢ӴӴԺ󣬾͵տˡ
ʦˣûĳȥչһ̺ӡ
ͿҩСźܻ֡
ĪҪΪ¶ˮʱСһ۾
С첲ӰӣǾʦ˵һ岻š
ʦ㿴Сʦܺϲ尡ôôʶһ۾Ϳϣֻһö廹ֵӡ
***
С§öͣմ˵Ŀˮʦü
ˣСҪϲⶫΪʦˡ
Ȼ糣ѾģǿҶ˿ˮ治Ҫİɡ
СͽܣһĽĿš
ʦ̫ƫˣҪôҲûҡСʦһʦ͸ˡ
ʦ˲˦һܺСӱ˼Եˣأأ
СͽܵĶǱİ죬ίͽܲϵ¡
ȻЦʦͽֻΪŴ·žΥĶ׸ͣ
û취Ͷ۵ʱ̫١
ʦˣҼϷѯʣҪأ
⴫ѯ
ѯʣζҪͶӷֿ
Ȼ§Ķӣüĸ߸ߵġ
Ͷӷ롣
м죬ͯٴֻۣһʱ롣۽磬ҪŵԶһС
Īѵõ˵һ䡣
ͽܵͷСͽܱ㳶ɤӡ
ء
ȻᣬʦҲ˵Ķԡ
ȻȻܣǽĿԼűȥ
ͽҪӹȴִرš
һӵۣҲԸ⡣
ѺӵݵĻʱСҴҴ
ֻһϸڣҲóȻԷ˵ġ
Ѿͷľֹѿţȷʵչ˵ġ
ֻҪٷֿ죬ӳۡ
ţٻصʱﲻκٰߡ
ԷģԶһӰԼ֡
ȻһλָɷòƵĪӺ˸Ҿ뿪
ĪԼ°ͣȻʧЧ
Сͽֱ飬ʦܲܲҪô
ʦˣ̫̫Ǻصġ
ŰȻ˿
ǡǡãͿĪӺһ
̫̫ɵǺܳԵġ
ʱһʦ˾ȻԳϽǰ
ǳȻڴˣᷢĪӵһʢ
̫̫ˣҲڶĪ
ߣǰȻԵͷ̫̫
Թ˵λ׵ĵط
û˻Īľֹкβס
෴ģľֹ˵ĸоȴ⣬ʦӦеĲ緶
̫̫ĵЦǰ׽
ѯһϽ᳤Ҫ
Īӽ쵹ҲĺãȻԼ򣬿ҲһһĻش
һʱ䣬̫̫Ҳʵ˷ܡ
ʵģһЩйһЩ֢״Լ֮ķ
ĪӵҲһĻش
ǺڳˣٶȶĪӵ̵ӡ
ĩ̫̫һˣǰԼЯ˼ʮһöָ¡
£Īǿ¡
̫̫˷ܵС
챾ʦˣλҲ˳۵ĺܣٹʩ磬¶
һ˵¶ڳ˶˷ˡ
Ҫ֪Īʦ˵¶ЧɼҶ䡣
¶޲޹֮˺ˣ
в۵ȫ̩
Ȼ˵ΰٲҲܻ˵ʹ
Ե֮ˣں¶ڰٰ
Ȼٲķӣ͵ÿǷԵС
һЩˣԵûԵֵġ
йĪ¶˵йЧܶ˶ء
̫̫չ˾¶䡭
һСյ¶ǰʱ̫̫¡
Ҳ֪ã¶Ч
ֻ̫̫֮ȫһ
оҲܿԶһЩˡ
ѽĸءС
ַ˱ĸƯ˰ָҲи̾
ַ̫̫ˣɲôֻλ˺¶˶ĸӵᣬƯ
ԭˮĴ۾͸Ҫ˵һ
֮ǰŻеȻһ
¶һʵǰ̫̫ɵҲԽŷˡ
ңܼңɵŲСǣ
Ϊˣ̫̫Īʱ̬ȸӵĹ
Īӵţ
һɰŻˡ
֪ӣд鷳Ҫʦô˵̾
Īӵбһܵˣһֹӡ
һߵַˣĻῴǲõ˵ء
ַǫĶ̫̫Īˡ
⸮ﻹе㼱¶ҪȥϷ˺ĪʦĪҪ
̫̫ҲأĻ᲻֪ĪҪԼ˵ŵ¶
̬õĳ̫̫Ц££Žַ˲ùܹ
ַһߣǸˣҲŸˡ
ĿͷֻʣϷ˺Īʦͽˡ
ʦࡣϷ˽ŵٴ
СʵĿĪһ̫̫ŵĹǺ
ʦӣд鷳
ʵȻҲ᲻١
̫̫ķ飬һӾͳɢˡ
ӹһأɴ۾١
ֱܾŵˣǰһһҩĭǰ
һϢ˲̫̫ѹ
ĿĪӣʦ˻棿
Īӳصĵͷ
ӣȻƭ
ǼǵãѾͷǣ˵Ų¡
ֻЩƤ˵һӲܺá
ȻĪӵĻҲѾͷʹĻ


105 ɹƭʦ

㸮ˣҲΪϷáϷܲϢӰ죬ֻٹղҲʦͽڴˣΪϷҩһ˺˵ղŷ˭ҲΣ
ղţ̫̫զŲõϢļµ
ʱĪһ˵Ҳٶˡ
⣬ôСĺӡô͡
һʱ䣬̫̫Ҳʵѹ
ȻţҲȷʵϲӡ
⼸ÿ춼ϰҪһ
Լǰ󣬳֡
̫̫ãԼ꣬Ҳٶ˴ɫ
ҪģŻмܰİ
ܰİҲʵαġ
ɣܰĳˣǸҪӣӲҲķԸˡ
ţ̫̫ܰ
ģǷĵġ
ʦɻзڵģϷҲ򶨡
һС侲
ڴĿĪӣȫ˾ݡ
Ҳ޷ͿϷҪôѡˡĪɫһ˵
ʦǣһӽ̵ġ
ֻҪܾţʱϷˣ޲ðԼеȫǰʦˡ
ӣһ㳤ˣǳ˵ѡ
̫̫һǲԸء
ڶȥûʼҵΪ׳ǡ
̫̫۾һ
ʣʼҵҪβã
䣬˽֯ɡ֮ңи֮ңѧ֮ˡƶ֮ң֯ٵĵͺ֮ңɣԹΪ׳֮ΪҲ֮Ϊˡ죬ϣ
˵˲Ͱ̫̫䡣
˰ңֻǲ˵ġ
ǺҶ˵ƿء
һ˿һ֮Ҳйġ
ڵңǹ฽Ҳҵġ
ΪģǷֹ֮ʧ⡣
Īӵ˵ΪŻָԵֻе¡
֪һǺΣϷ˻ɥʳһʱҲֻܱˡϾѡϲɷ
***
ѡһλԵ֮·гɾߣţͯΨ֮ңΪСϴԡǣȥ̥ճɾж
ǳȻڴˣ϶ޣµһҲ
˵ȥҪ˼ҵĺջ˵ĴȻһѵ
̫̫⻰ü
Īһ
Īʦɼ֮ˣĪʦҼӣ컯ĪʦҼҿӰ
̫̫һ˵Ҫ¿ͷ
üԼʦһĴָ
αˣƭҲ˵ĸ
ʦǷ֮ˣܴһġ룬ܲΪϷܼ
̫̫Ͱ͵ĵš
ȴĪӰָͷһһ
ϼ۵Ǻһ֮˵СҲĲ£Ϊ̵̫Ͻ˵СˡҲ֪˸ͯ
̫̫Ҳ˵ĶһҪȥֻʣҡͷ
ǾֵɹðɡǺܰС֮ء
ǣ⻰ȴ̫̫ɫѿ
ۿ˵λɹãͯĸ첲ûˡ
ȥֻ²ûκãʱ򻹷һĲм
ϷҲ⣿룬Ҫĺаɡ˵һЦУǸ˰
̫̫Ͳûˡ
ĺУҲǸ񰡡
ݲʿ͸¶˵ϺרŰͯȥŵҤɳ
ĺǷǵߡ
ȥҲɷߵ͡ҪҪ
ߣˣˣʦϹģ˵һҲ⣬˵ˡ
ĪԵˣһ˦Ӿ׼ˡ
һߵһҲҪˡ
̫̫ϽסСͽܣһԪ
С簡æ˵˵˵˵ʦҼӰɡ⺢ܾ࣬ôȥ
ӴϷ֣ι
УС㲻æ̫̫Ҹ㼱Ͳ㲻ˡ
㣬ϷˣôءðɣðɣȥȰ˵ȥϷŹҼʦһ˵ǻҵȰ˵ġõŰ
˵
Ϸ˵һյĹӻһϢ
أҼʦȰ˵£ӦΪͯӴԺǺ͵øҼʦߡķֱ𣬲пܹһˣϷˡ
Ҫ˵ã̫̫Ҳ᲻õġ
һ뵽ŸԼԺпܲܳΪһĽˡ
״ֹŻʹ࣬ʱŵı죬ҲΪܼҵЦġ
Ͼһңһ̫һĴڣһЦ
***
Լȣ̫̫Ȼ
⣬Ҳܰڳɳ󣬶ʼԭ
Ͼİһжڼ֮ϡ
飬ں桭
лʦˣһ׼ʱֻ⼸꣬ÿ궼Ӵһοǣ˼֮顣
á
ٱʱ̫̫Ǻϵһǧӡ
ΪʦĪȻЦˡ
źӵ磬ת¥ȥ
ʱ¥ϻվһλ绪ŮӣԼһλɷǵˡ
ˡ
Īӣ˻ɹƭãҲһô㵭ĳ
Īӿ㣬ҾͲˣΪʲôͲңҺһġ㣬ȴͶĻҲĲ
źۣ欵Ц
ĪӣĪĪҵүҪҳƺһʵһֱϲ㰡ϲϲСû취һŮֵ¶
һ仰ɰĪС
ˣҹ㲻ɣȥȥߣŸ㲻Ůˡ
⻰Īȥ
󣬴һ󿩿Ц衭
Īҵ˺ǡ
תҲ¥¶ȥ
ڹŵߵĲȻȵ﷢š
˵м£
λĪӣĪʦˣ˵ʱܵ
һľΪڵһʱȵš
СǰȵĵٵĲˮĵһ䣬ˣҪΪһ
ȻεЦŵͷ⣬ƺѽ
Ҳ߯˵
СҲأһĻˮӭôһλŮˡ
ڵģȻһֱûߣȴء
ضǮС̬Ȼá
ͷԽϣСĺҲԽŨ
λһֱĵӡ
ĪģСʼˣλҪĳλ˽
Ȼ̱Լҷ˷֣׷޷
һʱ䣬С棬˲չֳԹѪ顣
ٿųȻʱ˼ֵͬ飬ӱӡ


106 ӵĿ

ȻСĸ񣬳Ȼǲ֪ġ
ʱֻ쳤˲ڿ·
ÿһͻڴһ¡
κΣûμԼڴ˶֡
ΪˣСȷλˣֻǺܲµҪ˽ġ
ϾһˣǲӦóĴϵġ
λ˻Ÿİ
棬϶˽˵·
ϧСˣ˼С·òá
ĪӵĺһǰһĵС뷨
ˣϽܰ˼ҵķ˶ˣ˻ǱŸӵģ찡⸾̫صˡô˵ĳ䵱Сأ
СܱߣϣΪʲô绨ȴЫĸˣ
Ҳ¼ԭ˵Ưˣôҹˣ
㱧źӣһĿࡣ
ŮˣϽҺ찡⺢̫̭ˡ
ԶԶľ͹
û취ûӵŮˡ
ΪʣûϲѾͷš
⺢ССɰɰǣ
ⲻűһһ
㣬ûӡ
֪ѡ
ֻԹѬ˵ζŻСƺӵˡ
ȻţϲĲа
һ㱻һ
ֵС
ıӦ˰ɡ˭㲻Ҽ׽ġ
ɪȻԹ˼
Ӵ
ǰһץĪӱ
Īƭӣ㣬Թ㣬СƺӾӦιġ
Ī޹ʼ磬ȴյԶСߵ
СУվǰ
ˣ㲻£ָĺ۲ҪҲաһɷǣɳɵʿƭǮơˣ۲ҪҲա
ס
Ȼɵۡ
ĪɳԲۡ
ֻϲѾͷһ㶡
ĴЦ
ΪԼ˾ˣҲ˽ܻᱻһЩƬΡ
ȻģС磬Īӡ
ɬŲءعζƲ塣
Ī˽üظĸˣĪĳŲҪء
ȻСӵϺ󣬺ȤĿˡ
ôһˣףʵ˵һ淢֣ͦء
ɬ
࿴Ůͬʱһߡ
ϲѾͷһҡͷǰȻѰţϲѾͷǰЩʪ˵Ƭӵʢźã㿪ʼ·ǰн
·ʱһλԷ׵ĸϳ
С㡣
ţﶼ׵˰ɡ㵭ѯʡ
׵ء˿һӣʹŰ·ġĵЦš
ŵϣͺۡ
⺢ӣŸҵѾͷСᾡĵŵġ
***
ʱȻĻ᲻֪ΪԼҵ
ڳǰȥأͰ¶ȫá
һʱ䣬Ȼٸн
㡭
һ¶һƦЦݣŮˣлҾɡ
ȥ
ŮˣͲԶĴм
СɬģСò
㡭ٸ˵
СӣСӡȻҵСء

ԽֹŮ˾Խ衣
󣬳ȻԱĿ
ģҲЩů⡣
ԴûѵҲо˹۵ĺô
Ȼǰһλۣ飬еơ
Ĭĵ
ֹ㶯ɤżһЩǰľ¡
ɵΪǵʱºһֱҺá
ұʱվߵġ
ұŹʱҲҡ
Ǳߣûб˿룬Ҳûбѿ
Ψˡ
ǸɵһŮӡ
Ȱң˵㲻ҪٴھƵòá
ܴһȥСҲܹӵġ
㣬㿴ҽļʮǮء
ȥ϶׬Ŷ
㣬Ҫˡ㲻ҾͰӡ
㣬Ǹ˶Ҳãʵϣ㡭
˵ЩһֱЦ
ЦȴȻıӷᡣ
˵ġ
ΪǰλɵӵĺãմǼɵϵĹ⡣
һ㣬Ҳûĺá
㣬ûҪѶĺãټϵġ
ҶûãֻͶʣŮˣ㵱Ǹģ㣬Ů飬塣ػҵֻͶֵ벻ֵѡ㣬ҵһֵͶʵŮˡ
Ȼ̹ȻЦһҲ
ãһãͶֵġ
˷ŮˣһЦЦһСһ
ŶСĿīڵ۾Ůˡ
СһģĵЦɢ
⳵УһСЦ˵ĺз
ǰʱ䵱ĪӹһŮ˶񾭲һֻᶺŮˣǵġ
Ʋ졣
ʦŮҪõģȥҲ㰡
;СŵĹӣȻһ·ô࣬Ҳûио
ÿСһСԼ
һĵĿЦĶһ㡣
;ˡ
ʼͳȻһСӡ
أû
ǷŮһУŮװ
ĻŮװôҲӦġ
ǣŮ˴һΧ˲·
ճһЩӣĻɫʱ
㣬㡭㣿ϤȻҲǿҵĻɴˣӦǸˡ
ȻǸЩˡ
ġģһӵ󣬻ͦϵġ
һߵĸѾͷ󣬡ҳֵ϶û˵ġ
Ȼ۵СѾͷ㣬㻹ݣ
ߵѾͷҲǸ򵥵ء
ǣҵΪһ֣űСءѾͷܵɪ
һ佱һ¾ͻβ
ȣСӣΪ岻ãʱͲˡȥǰ̽һȥ
⻰ǸΨ²ҵĪӣһ·ˡ
ֹ³ȻԹĸѾͷһ
⼸ˣôۼ£Ҳǿ֮ġѾͷֹš
ȴĳȻĶһ
ƿƬطɽľࡣ
ĵط˵ǿ֮ģҲ˵Ĺġ
˵һƬطǿۿɿء
ǰľ飬ѣǳˣֻ£һи֮϶Ϊ˵ū
Ϊ˰ȫȻ·ϻȥ˼ʯͷڳ
ʯͷܷѾͷܱӡ
ܱûкðɡһվ˼УһЯذ
ϣûзĵ
Ȼ൱ĻǰСذס
ЩĶǺܺõķ߰


107 ǽΧ

գҲ౵Ծ
ԶɽҰľĵԡţɢĹΡ
ǺܲһƬط
ȻУһ󲻺з
ʧУôɣɽɣ
ȻҲԽп࣬ΨиѾͷ֨
Լѻ찡СһǺĶǰ棬ȻҲǰˡ
ԡ
ͣ£һȺʮ˵ͣ¡
ֻһʱΪ׵ԵĲ⡣
ͷֻһ
¡
һһоۡ
ܷۡңڱڵۡ
Ҳ˵һͷǸ꣡
ȻһߣǰһȺͻأֵˣİ˸Ѫͷ
أҪҲҪ˵ˡСѾͷṦ򰡡ء
ŵһţõõĶ
ŵĳȻ,򾲵һ
ʵҲû취Ҳ⡣
Ϊ˺ӣôҲҪվǣ
ɽΧţϳĳŵıͷһ
еŲڳмĵ·Ȼһź׳֡
ʮͣĵĺ껪
ϣȴֻͲϵ
ߵǰ˻һţеɫӦüǮ
ϣ쿪ĵЦ
ֻСӣãҵȱһСͰСˡ
Ȼ˻ţĶǰ꣬ҵĺӣҸ
û뵽˸ҷԼ̧ͷĴһ
ŷ֣˶˵Χ⸾Ҳݵĺܡ
ף㲻£
ˣŸһĺ档
ΪʲôҪ£㣿ǣ
ȻЦ
˵ôһȺں֮ڵ˺治ˡ
ȺСëôʲôֵµġ
ǣ걻ŭˡ
ӣ㻹ֵӡĩʵСһĺкβͬ
ˡ
糱ľǱ˵ĩɡȻһڻڱڣŸб˵١
֪ˣ㵱Ҳɱ𣿡
ವһȻĲϱһ
Сһ۾ɵԲȫûʶԼпܾͱ˿Դ
ѾͷŵľͲû򣬿ɷ۳ȻȴĻĺӡ
̧ͷȻĿŽ糱
һ˵ĳɳǿܳɳġƬɽ浱ˣ࣬Ҳͱ˵һɱˡɾɳԶ
һĪĻ˲ĺܡ
ǣ糱ȴԽ۾Խ
ȥһֱͿųȥ
ϵߡ
ˣôһۿȥ˼أ
ϴûҪһ֪˵Ļ⸾˴ĺ˵˵˻
Ȼȴһصӡ
ʵڶġ
ӿһԭʼĴ磬ɫ󡭡
뵽һ⣺ʲôһ绨
ǰһѪ飬漣Ժ︡֡
ǵӾ署ģһӹɽﵱͷˡ
Ϊûɶ׷Ҳû룬һֱµµΪĻš
Ƭأ͵ء
ֱһһŮ
ðɣ죬ҲһѣλǱͷȦꡣ
ˣ˾Ǳ˵ūֶۡһģһءܴϴȱڡ
ƣĻ漣
***
ǸˣЦү
ᣬֻǳĵһʵһϴ󡣿棬ʲôҲǡ
⻰˽糱Ѷ
ľǵһƧؽ˰ȥء
ϴ󣬲Ҫ⸾˵ĺ˵һߵӽٴȰ˵
ӣȥҺС˵϶䣬ģûвҡ
ûޣ֪үƢء
˳ˣȻ¶һƵЦݡ
Ҫ죬󣬼ʶ棬Ϊʲôһȥ洳һ䱻ƨų󣬲ԼȥһΪΪҲӢ˽ܣûҪԵǣ
̵һĽ糱Ѫڡ
û취ԭȥ䵴ˡ
ⲻ׵꣬˵
ãҸǳȥҷŹ㣬һҺȥĳʳãȫùܡ
ðɣǸȱ۶ģ˼ҲǸɵȱ
ֻҪһ˰ȫˣһԺȣȻûġ
ɽǰ·ڹܳԺȣСһ׮
Ǻ򣬾ͱ˽糱һССꡣ
ߵ·ʱһλꡣ
λнӵˣҪҪķҪŽ糱СֵܳС
û취˼Ҳɽ̫á
棬뾭뷨˵Ŀ
һ漣ת䣬Ѿͷֻȫʵ
ȵ糱ͽȥһ߶ϢˣѾͷųȻˣ̫ˡôƺƵģ˹ܡҪȫµȫƣϵٶѪ¼
Ҳ⣬һӡ
ȻĨʵ˵ͻ˵
ǣСӣԵĲȰ˵˼Ҿͻȥġ
һֻ·СӣȻ΢һΣ˾͸ˡ
ǲ֪ģһߺɽϵկλվڸߴ
һλߴ˳̾һСӻѽ
磬һֱȥˣֲ˰ɡ
ǰ磬ҪõģСҪ󣬱Ҫȥ˵ˣɽկһܲӹһ٣Ҳ˵¶СӺͽһȥǺ¶
ԣǺ£ǽկԸСӵϴװ
ûԸǿկˣˡ
ڣڰȻСôãʱӥȥˡϴ̾
Զȥķǻ֮ȥŨصĸ
Сӵļ룬һоʮɶģҲȫǻ¡
ȻǣСӵĹ򣬾Ȼ߳һõһƱˡ
һ·һϾвʶǰƣҲ㶨
ΪˣȻĿ佱СΪ
㣬ҪٽҽҺֵġ
ɣܵܿе㲻򣬵Ъ
źӵĳȻ,ѹܽ糱Ŀ飬һĽ˼ҽ
û취ǰһЧӦŽء
糱Сӵꡣ
ڱȻøǸºΪӵ޺󣬱ٵİһ˼ҵͷϡ
ðɣ㣬˵֣ҽн糱ҪΪҸвУҺְܿо͸ĹһСӡ
糱˵žɤɤѧ̫ѽֵľͲû
Ӹ磬ֺҾĺð˼˵帣ţӸ㻹ءõ֡۽в˷ѽĺ⡣ӵˡ


108 ּۻ

ӣ糱ŭĿ
ֵֵܰ¶
ֻǣǰλһҲˣԱź
򳾣ס
һĽ뷿䡣
ǿջϰ壬ȴһ
ȵС˵һ񣬱ָɢȥ
һУڲԶһڽȾƵĿ
ˣͬĿһĻ
үһҪҪ¶
ѹ
ɡ
õ˵ҲͰ
Ȼ˯
û취СŲ֪ǲˮϣȻһС
ʡ⺢ӣϾ̫Сء
ĸµĺӣ·ڣ¶զ졣
ҲȻʵĵ
ԼᵱĸףԼչ˺ӡ
ˣһвĴ뻹ΪСү˵ɣôûõġ
ﵹǿĿһȰ˵š
ˣֻϧѾͷ
Ȼˣӵľ黹еġ
Ĵôô롣Ҳ
ϵݴֻһ˵ȥˡΪ˳ȻļĲС
***
ˣءСүֻǵգĪҪ̫
Ȼ㰲οţҲ
Ͼӷգ¶ɴС
Ǵ棬Ϊӷյɵģ˵Ĵڡ
ȱҽҩʱգζҪӵ
ˣȥ˭ȥ
ǡʱ洫һŲ
ϽȥţС
Ϳ쵽ˣҼƹſ
СҪæ
ĳȻ,Ļģֻ˼Һ⡣
˽
СҲûҶֻ漸˰ε˵
İɣϵĴǺҽһˡ⺢ӿ϶κõġ
⻰˵еƦûע⣬Ȼȴע⵽˵ġ
оеζ
Ǵա
ǣɢԽԽԺʱȻƺˡ
顭
һĵغ󣬳ȻҲϵıǿ֧ŵ۾
ˣˣƹ񽳣⼸ˣȥ϶òǮؼģҿ⸾˵İвٵӵġ˵·ﻹвٵƱ
ǣۣĴλ߿յġӣɵĲƯˣеζҪˣٰ˳۳ȥǸˣҲǻƻŮˡҪǻƻŮɶģȥ׬ɶǮ
ƹģ롭
СӲҲзӦӣϰɡ
⣬ȻԼС
Ȼǿһ˿ǣ뷴룬ֻ²ܡ
㣬һ㡣
ô죬ѵҪһȺĵˣ
һֻ֣Ϻҵb
ĵĸо˵ǿҡ
֮Ļһɺζ
θֵաΣۿҪءƲסѡ
ıײ
û·һˣ˵Ӣ
Ĩ˶ˣʹ˳Ȼ۵
һζӹȫ𽥻ָʱٶȻĸо
ѹӵˣ״Щ¡
Ⱥͽҽôˣ
ӣ£ָǰȳȻˡ
ӡ񡣡
Ȼ
Ȼվĸߴˣһ
лӾ
һĳġŶ룬϶衣
Ȼ˵ڲܿƵ¶ܱס¶ȻͽԴϲ
***
һ˵˵ģҪĸл͸Ǯɡ
ãĶȴܲͷ˵һ
Ȼɵסӵɴ۾
Ѿͷ˵ͱ⻹ˣô
ǣĸߴüλˣҾ㻹Щһһۺһǧ㣬ˣǧǮɡ
ĹЦһߵĽӳ˳䡣
ûĵļһ¶ǣµĽϡ
ңգҲȫڿЦ
ٿǰ˵񣬾ȫıˡ
ȣ˵һһǧǲ󡣿ǣӲ̫ôңλСģλֵģÿ˶һǧִС֮İɡ˵ˣҲֺûҲŵȣôģҲΪҴ۲еİɡ
ӵͣŵĸ
ѽ谡ɽ㣬Ȼںλүּۻۣ
ˡ
ڿ˵ﻮһ˿ǳЦ⡣
Ҳ˲䣬Цһ
ĴСţԼȻһۡ
źܿ϶ĵͷҲȷʵǣȻ˵˵㣬һ
СүС˵㣬ô̵ķϣԴۡ
λ˳ķʵ۽Ҳֵļۡ
һ˵ϣǾͺСүһۣۼ۰ɡ
㣬һöӡ
һǶǧӡؽӻܿ졣
ôӡ۽ӡӲⲻԵļһһ
Ȼͷʹ
ûôӰ
ǣǲµġ
ң˼ȷʵǾ
̫ˡ
ĹӲͷˡ
üһӢϲ
Īһĵⲻɣϻٵ
⻰һһɱ
Ȼ˿Ҳɣλֵľˣһ˲ȡԼ
ţֻ˵ûô࣬û˵ɡ̸ɵġӾ˵ĶҲԣ
ԳΪĪһ
Ҳǣȷʵ̸ɵġСѻˡ
ߵĽСˣϽӦǰƹ񣬻СֵǮȫҨ˳
һˡ
չӡ
СӦţ¥ȥˡ
Сܺ棬ҲŲܡ
ֵܣȵҰҸһȥ֡
ĺӣҲ·ǶԴ
˵ʵһһǧ̫һһѾͷҲһӶ˰ɡ֪ģƽ֮ģҲֵʮӡſھ͹Ҫǧ̫࣬ûС
Īһıӡ
һѾͷ
ðɣСҲһѾͷҲֵһǧӵġзȴûǷˡ㿴⻹ӣһȺ۾ҪܳԹڵİСӡνİСӳҲһŹСһҰǼСŰɡ
䣬һָվĪĽӡԼ¥µķ
˼滹һء
ԭ˵á
˻ôš
ĪӿŵһģǧͷҪˡ
ȻҲ
ٽˡ
ɶ١㵱Ǽأ
Īгݡ
ۿһԲϾҪ
Ȼ֣嶯ħС˻չ˴ġӵӣҲ֮ҳˣң϶С˺ġ


109 ׬Ǯͷ

Īر·ϣյͷһݣͶ
ٸʱȻ൱Ĳ˼
֮ǰӣŵء
Ǽһ˵߾ߣϾͲһӡ
Ҳûа
ȣʵǲ˼ڡֻôһ㡣СҪһСûǮĮԡʱֻܴǷ
ۡˡ
ȻĴָ㹻ݰ
̸˰죬˰ļۡ
ȴֻǷ
ĪҲû뵽֡
پһ£һٴ̸С

УϢ̫ߣֲǸˡг㣬һ
֣ٲˡĪĽۡ
***
ͬĿλүǱԼĸɽɱɱûƢ˰ɡ
һ壬ٶˡٶ࣬ӡȻҲ۵ӡ
Ҫأ̫ݣ̫ˡһϢҲĳӡ
Ȼ׺ݵһɨӲʡζ
ãԼҲǰءҲǽĶӵͬȴС
ðɣûãĬĬת뿪ȥƹֽȷġ
գȻűʱּ˼ùٵ壬дһǷӣϢһϢǷ
ջ֮£Ǹա
***
һ
Īߺ󣬳Ȼ³һʵ
ǽ㣬˻ҪǮ˲صӺߵָ
ȻҡͷζĿ
ӣԳΪĪˣǸʿ
Ϊʲô
ӺͽӣﻹϲѾͷ⣬һ뿴ɻʡ
ΪҪǮծͲǴծϣǮ⣬⡣ˣȴ˼׷м㡣ˣֵýԺǻġ
˵⣬ȻŵĳЦݡ
Цݣļ
㣬һǲסӺơ
ȻŻţ֣׾ͲװɣԺ¶ˣġСû£ҪۻôǰءҲ֪ôˣ
ⲻ׵ŮˣһֻϹܡ
һÿ
ˣүֻǳӣǻЪϢߡҲܾôغүҪȥһ°ɡ
С˯ˣúöϲѾͷ
ȻһۣҿҪȥ˰ɡҲǣôãûĹءȥһ°ɡ
ʵҪģ뵽ûɶˡڻüˣȻѹ
ңһծһղ͵Ƿծġ
һĮ͵ֻծ񣬳Ȼ൱ͷۡ
һι֣Ҫģȥ棬ûʺϵڵ⡣
ӺͽСӸţϲѾͷ˴ţҲڳٲ߻⡣
̣ǵñб̡
ֻȷ磬ȻҲĲ١
ҪģԼ
С㣬ǰ޺˵вٵ̣кܶС֮ġҲ֪ǻ᲻һЩϡĶ
ϲѾͷܻǰ
ɨѾͷװȻҡͷ
ڵϲѾͷͨ˴硣
ϲѾͷԭҲױˡ
˶ͨĴӡ
ôǵעĿĸˡ
Ϊˣ˲ŸĿŵĹ֡
һ·˵ĴţҲͰŽϵͬ
µ֮ʱ
û̫Զ˱Ⱥڡ
ϲѾͷֵӻȰȣֲʹ˻ع顣
һ·ϣȻ߾ͶŮ˵·ˡ
Ϊģ˵·ĺܺÿ
ˣûоã˵·ܻ尡ǸǴĸˣ˼ҵ·һõ廨󻨶һʢء۾ûա
ͦÿġȻɨǰĸ˵·
ǸȫϮۺĳȹ
ǣŸӣǰߡ
˳Ȼ˵ĶԻͷɬһЦ
С˵ǰȥġֻϽֵʱŻᴩų
Ȼͷǰһ⸾һǰ
˼Ÿ˲ϵĨü
һϸ⸾˵·
ò˵ۺ·ǴԻɫõ塣
Ӿ˵е塣
幤ãǴõҲˡ
·Ŀʽ治ôġ
棬Ӳ棬ȫʵʵ
ǿţ;ȵĻš
·ƵİÿҲˬ
ͬģҲڴˡ
ǵ·۶Ľ֮顣
ϲѾͷͷԼˬ·
вüرʽǵһ̧ͷ
ЩҼҷ·ʽ
ɩ˵ģ·ˬôȣҲȵġ
ȻҲΣ䣬Ҵȹ֮ġ
·ʽȱǮ
ͻȻ䣬һ
ǰԼ·ʽĿʽŪ˰·üʱܻۡǮԼʽҲ԰Щ·ʽֱСϳ۸µ갡
һ룬Ȼһ֮ȫС
ɫĿʼѯλϳȥĴɩӡ
һʣˣλɩӣȻȥ￪µĸ硣
ѹ⸾廨˵ĺÿڳȻ˵·ĿʽҲǺеġ
飬ҲΪְҵʹȻ
ھҸ·һǽ·ؼһҸҲ°Ͼк÷Ҿﲻ̫Զÿ컹ܸȥġ
Ұ·Ŀʽ۸磬бµʽ
Ȼ۾Ķǰĸˡ
Ǹһ㶡ҲţҿСҸΪ·ȱʽءйʽеͨġ
벻·ҲѰһ֮ϲѾͷһζԳȻĿ࿴ˡ
һҲ˲ÿϵķ羰͹ǰĳµȥ
ΪҵҲĺܡ
磬ǿŵĶࡣ
ڽֵϣȻڿλҲ¶ȺߣӵĹ
ڰŽϣߣӵ¶ǾԲܷϵġ
Ҳ֣һ˵ӡ
״óȻӶԼĳʽǿҵš
***
³ǰЩϣû˿ðѶˡ
ӴԶǰӹӡ
㿴㣬˵˲ҪӼӶƫƫš⼸Ƕð
˰ѱϵСŲŲ磬ûµģۼڵĵ࣬˼Ӽµġ
³ĳȻˣλͬģ
³øϽԼһߣ磬㿴λϵ·ǲе㲻һ
³ڳȻϣĴ·ʽ
Ϊµƹһʡ


110 ĳ

ȷʵǲһʽǵ
ȻŽӹǣ·Ϻʶ˵·͸ˡ
˵·ƷζԼصһҲȤҲŰʽתø硣
³з۾ĳӲϵıȻš
λһϸ°ڡ
ָϲѾͷߺȡ
ţϲѾͷҲûñ˶ŷ
Ϊʱ³ֻϵһ·
Ȼеִ٣ϲѾͷǴ󷽵˼
һȹתһĨȹ˵ٷ飬ɷġ
ãã·ʽզһܼ򵥡°ڣȴǷϵ˺ǲ⡣
λˣ̸
³ܼȹӣ൱Ư
ûֿʽ·
ǾƳ³ȥһʽܴ졣
ˣʵҼҵиǿҵľ
ûеɫ̹Ҳǳ¶
ʽҿ·
֪һʽҪôۣ
ƹģҲżɽûԼеûġ
Ȼ˼һ£˽顣
˵ʵµĿʽۣܾͦзյġ
ãҲһʱ䣬ˡ
ҽ·ǰڵǮ̸ϸķӡ
³һˣСˡ
ֻǲ̸⣬λûĸˣҪԼó⣬ʵ³Щжˡ
ദһ³ƹΪ˵ġ
˵ˣǿۣСҲǼ·Ŀʽ
棬вٵ¿ʽġ
³̧ͷǰĸˣŵЦݡ˲ˡ
λˣ˼Ҳ޵ķʸľͰʽԼ
³кβõľģ¿ʽߣٸǮ֮ġ
ȫұ˵ĳµٰ꣬µʽ
ͨЩ³û෴ģһЦ
Ҳмı³ĳͷȣǲԶˡ
лƹĿ佱ΪĴæ˵ӦСó׳ƷƹųۡЧˣҲļ۸
ûгƷҲֻܺƹһϳ磬ھͿʼɡ
³ҲǸʵɵˣһʹһӣԼãͳȻϲѾͷһϹ
ԭҲ࣬ôæŸ·żѿˣҲ¶
˶ĸ˵Ŭ£ʱˬµĳ±ɡ
ףȹӿƯģ³ƹʱµĻҲ˵һ
ͳʱȴ˴ӵ
³һⲻǸڸô
ǸңҲ֪ʱ򣬻ܳ֡
ѽһϲУ˭ҵأ˰Ǳ¿ʽǵһ
˫ʮ껪һˡ
Ȼۿ⸾󣬻вϵЩֵǮĶȻһ
ף·ʽȷʵ£Ͼû˭
ǣǲѽ³˷ˡ
·ϲҲ֪ܴܲǽܴҪ·ˡ⸾˺ǲĻȣûŲ׳¡
³Գߴ˽⣬Ҳ֪ԼЩҪͻӳߴ磬˵˵
·ĳߴ磬ͷҲǼӡС¿ʽĳ£ȷʵԵİ
ţĸӵĻϲѾͷ·Ұ
ǽлѾͷϽǰǮ³ƹ
³Ҫ˵Ͷӡ
һߵĳȻȴһĿʮӡ
ǽлѾͷĵ;ˡ
³Ҳһ㶣Ͻ֣⡭⡭
Щŭɨһ۳ȻȴȻһЦ
ȻԽǰһߵŭɫĸǰ
³µ꣬ʱҲ˺ĵأǰҿɲ֪·һֵʮӵġ
Ȼϲ·ĿʽҲھ͵ԩͷ
ߵѾͷŭ壬ˣº˵ˣôÿ·Ҳ뾩ǵЩ¿ʽȰɣⲼϣֵӶˡʮޣ˶ﵽ¡Ҫū˵ͲӦ̫ʴȣЩĵȥִһŽġ
³һŵĶ£ֱԹȻ¶̰ĵ
ɳȻȴ̧֣ѳ½ӵ
˵·Ĳϣȷʵλ˵ҲֵӰˡ
ˣ˵ɫԺһЩ
Ȼ֪Ͳȥ١ȴðǮںδýСǻѾͷǸġٺȳ
ȻҲƽϡ
ǰ·չĿλˡ
·֮԰ֻΪϣ³ƹֻʮĿʽңÿһ°ڻһⲼϵɫҲһײһ
³ٶ⣬еŭȫʧ
ţ⵹ˡϾɾӡֻʮ
һ˼һߵĻѾͷȥȡһʮ׳£Ҫˡ
³ƹӷΡ
զһ׳£һӾͳһٶ⣬൱ѽ
⣬⡭
һʱ䣬һһ
У˿ںһʱȡİ·ʽһġֻǻɫɫͬûɣ
ȻӦһУƺ⡣
ˣôİɡ׵ĳߴ࣬ҾͶˡ
õģߡ´ǵƳ¿ʽǰкġ
ţ⸾ͦµġ͡ƺȻ̬ȡ
Ȼô͡
ĿȥȻ˿
ľ˫𾪵
³ϡãͷ
һֱãҸǸ̡ͷȣȴǴడ
³ҲΪȻĸ͡
ûҲ֪ԭ̣ҪһĻеġԹԣҵڶһ
ôһĹһʮӡ۳ǮҲһٶʮ׬ͷ⡭ҵ̰󰡡
ȻЦĸ⿪ģƹģҵƷûûŶ
͸͸ǸҲͼ̸ɣ
³ҲǸɵӣп̻֪¶ó¾
ȵȻϲѾͷһʱѾ˶ӡ
ϲѾͷʱʱĿһԼӣλǺѵĸˣ̫Ŀ࿴
ôĶҵģСҲΪǡӶˣķѾͷҲǣڸңСҲġ


111 ̻

ϲѾͷ죬ҼҲǣôӸ㡣ֻ̫ǳĸлһͯװķΣȻ׬˶ӡ棬תһתء
бµˣϲѾͷ൱
ǰԼǸˣȴ֣λӽõ¸ˣ˼ҲһĴĺܡ
ңӵĴֻϡ
λ¸˵İ취ȴⳡϵġ
Ҳе㱾ǮˡһأûɶõĻðһ¡
Ȼ㡣
ҪӵĵطȥˣϵıǮҲǶʮ
ôһӣҪ⣬ѰȻǱ߶мӡ
ЩȣǾñǮ̫١
ˣ·ɽԱ㣬湻㹻
ϲѾͷǺܻᰲοˣǰеһƴ
ϲѾͷôѾͷأ˵ݣҲͨ˼ҳѾͷɣˣҵĲ²⣬ôҲӦڽܵġô
ϲѾͷ
ˣ̫˽ϲѾˡȷʵǽˣǣҲǵԼǰҪΪСһȺ˷ңͱ̣ˡΪҵӡ
ðɣȻһѪ͹¡ȻͶ䣬ٶʡ
ؼҺڴء
һ˻ĳ˳
ѽ˵ǻءٲңҶҪ˼ȥѰǡ
ģȻõüӺͽ˻ûأ
ĸ¶һг鷳ģĺʧ߰
ǰ䵴ûءµģܳ°
ﲻΪȻȻҲǣĴ䣬ȷʵǲӦó¡
Ҫ˵ɣӺͽ˻ó˴򽻵
ߵģ˵һš
ŵƬĹ˾ͺʹļ˴һš
˻ţСһĿˮͿһȥϲѾͷһ
͵ϲѾͷĲˣĲôܳԵȥ
ӺͽӣڳԹķ˺ҲҪϲѾͷ
ҪԷˣǳȻȥġ
ǽǣǶһЩײˣ֮ġ
ϻϲѾͷһС⡣
۾ͳ糴⣬Ū˺ײˣոˡ
úãϲǸײˡ˵Ҳְ˵һƬҲ֣ΪʲôúõǲԣҪ浱ҰáõĲˣó԰
ϲѾͷҲһ˵
ɳȻȴһ
԰ڰŽһܶǳġ
ˣƺô²ˡ
ϲѾͷ˵Ϊʲô
ҰϲѾͷ죬ʲôζĻŲŹ֡ưǴʼζ󣬾һֱֶܾء
˲ǱߵˣȴǰζġϲѾͷ˵ǰ˻ȥŪɸϣ᲻зչǱ
ϲѾͷɴۿƵĿڽյȻѩľͫ죬˼
ǿеġҪ˵ܻȥأҲʮӡʮӣʼǵĵط˳ûģǰȫġѲɣҪ⣿
ȻЦʱᡣһῼһġֻҪʮ죬ٰǱߵĲҶǹ֮˹ص⣬ǿеġ
ڴʱȻ뵽Լλ֡
ʳȥ⣬˵Ҫˡ
ʱڼҲ
Ļˡʱ⣬Ҳܻ󲮺ʹǵ˼֮顣ϣ⣬ôô׮еġ
ʵŴ̻ġ
֮Ի߳һƬأᷢһ̻
Ҫԭ򣬻ʱĽͨһҲ
ǴӰŽĮҲʮӡ
ܶ˶û뵽߳һƬأһطķϰߣʵҲ̻ڵġ
㣬ǻˣƴǳԷ㷹˰
ʱ⴫ˬʵЦ
ȻУСӣһʹء
˵棬ǲôŵġ
ӭݣͱӻ׳Сĸ
ĸϣЩϵĺۼ
***
Ǵˣһɵ˺ۡ
㣬Ǿ໥д衣λֵҲǸ̶ߣ˵ֲдһأٺ١ƤĴֺ
Ȼ֪ôѽ㵱ūʹλġȣ̬һö
ˣһ׼ԷӴ⻹˶أãֻҰۿһغ⡣
벻СӳȥȻĵȥ
ûһһζܲʢװ̡˵лĭļСӲϳ
ⶫûأлӵСӱ˵ĭǶ
󣬴ֵܣôͨӸôأ
һèҲűӣζйζǲõЩҰĶİɣҼǵǶģ۴ﶼû˳ԡ
Ȼһ˶ҲŴ󷽵
ûҰζճĺ⡣Ҳһݲ֮ıζһϺ⡣
⣬˵óԵġ
Ϊܲճġ
⣬ݫ֮ճζ㣬㡣
κΣطڣûϡ
ֵܣ㣬ңҵȲҪˡŲ˱ǵζ
׽ӱ㳢
˵ƽʱԵĶͼ
˵ģҲǲ롣
ɽųȻƳ⣬΢ζҲ˳ԵĴСС
˶ԵĻʵȻˡ
ʵҰҲܳԹߵİɡôû˰ЩŪأ
㣬֪˸ɼԹζ̫Ǻˡûٳֶ
ⶫû뵽ζôк󾢡ҸЩ߻̵ϰ壬ûԹôóԵĶͺԡãˬֵܣ㣬Ҿǡ
èЩȻת
ãԻַʽۡ
ǹϾеģܴ۵ԶһİŽȥ
ֵܰƽʱڲЩɶأ
ءܶ涼ζ
ðɣҵ˿θִϺǱߵࡣ
ƫʳ֮ģƵֽţ˽ܡ
һʱ䣬ȻҲͷ
һԳԺȺȡ
ϯ䣬èֵ˵ϡ¶
ӴҪ˵ϡģĪǰ֪δҲܿǰһλɳ


112 ̽Ϣ

ɳȻĲ˲
ûǣһλԳǶʮ޵ˣԼǰԳɵġ
λʦǲǳĺи˷緲ӡߣһλôߵСˣ
ȻĪӺӽ˳˸ϽӦ
ԣԣˡҪ˵ɣҲȷʵʦҲö˻¶֮ġ־͹ڣԴʦλͯܵҺ󣬾Ҳ˳ءܵҵ˵ʦڵ뿪ˡǶã¶ԡ
è⻰˵ĺĳȻҲ⡣
⣬Ϊ˵Ѳɣܵңʲôè岻ɣ
㻹²ءè۾һͨ졣
ҿʵ㣬ܵҰȥء
Ϊʲô
ܵңǰҲλصȥׯ档ǣҲʦһģȥ󣬾Ҳ
ȻٳԷҪ֪ݴ˿㣬ƺҲܵҡ
Բλƨʦˡ㣬ȴǲòܵġ
ѽҼӿ϶ҲڡҪĪӴˣҲΣءһߵϲѾͷҲܵˡ
ô滹Ǽҵ˲ɣ
⣬һ㡣
ţҲ²ⲻˣӦͬеˡ
ɾͲˡҡͷ֪ģǰҲһˣ˵Ǻܳļλ̵˴Ϊ׵һλܵүǳĿϧҲڱܵ󣬾Ҳ
ʲôү˵ģǳ
ȻܰòҲһһĴȣûһλүһǵãʱҰȤ˵ҪǴ˶ժһЩ׼ߵġҲ֪ܵҵô˵ģǰ˾뵽ȥסˡϧһȥǽһҲûˡ
⣬Ȼ˿
飬ܰµĵطǱĮĵط
һƬ档
ܵǸʲôˣܰؿ뵽ȥס
һʱ䣬Ȼ顣
һγУҲΪ˽ܰ
Īӵĵжȴǰ֪ܰĵط
***
㣬ôˣ˵ҲƵĿ
û£ǼԼһǣܰʧ񣬳ȻҲʵΡ
ǿٴӹӺè˽һܵңȻ֣Լطֻ»öһʱ䡣
ֵ󣬳Ȼȴӭӵǵ
㣬¶ҡ
ӣ뾲ǿŵš
йܰһУҹٶȸԺ
ԭΪֻǾʣշ֣ԼǲɱĻ
ˣȾ˵ɡֻǣزģҪôܾأ
ȥܵҾˣȻû취
ΨһģܰܵҲ¡
ڶһ磬ڷϣȻɫĶ
ӣϲѾͷǵĮһʱˡԭϲѾͷӦĪӣҵһλˣпһׯ԰档ҪģǴǱǵ취˾ȳ
ʵȻ֣ܰôܻأ
˵Ӧð̫˵㣬ûļ
Ҫ֪ʱӻţֻ˵ܰĮߵһͷȻ
ͷˣôܻǵء
ˣҲҡ
ΣǵȥһС
ӣͽһȥйܵҵһСϲѾͷһȥǿܻһµķӡչ˺ãû²Ҫҳȥ
õģˡӦ󣬱㱧ȥ
ӺͽһץһͷתҲ˳ȥ
Ӵ˵ϣȻźȥ
һϷ򸾡
Į⣬ӱ
żҪס֮ģϡ
ǮҲҲֻͼе
ȻϲѾͷʱϻǰݡ
̫̫СѾӶ˰ʡ

ݵ˵Ҳе©硣
Ϊĺ顣
˵󣬳ȻҲ𽻸ϡ
ûڵһʱ뿪ǸһԺ￴ݡ
ϲЩҰҲܳԵģҪ
ЦǺǵģһǺӾ͸Ųơ
˼ңֻϡͼԵʳ֮ġҰܸˣ죬첻ãϲءСҪϲӻ˳ˡ
ϣһѲǮһ档ȻǺҪЩҰˡ
ҲͦˣÿγȻһЩֳɵĲߡ
ȻǮ࣬ɺôܰԼֵĲ˳۳ȥ
˵ͦгɾ͸С
Ϊˣ˵ĹϵԽԽ
ʱˣȻſʼ¶ɫĴйܵҵ顣
ܵҰ
ˣòҪȥһ˰
Ȼֻһ˼ңвٵֵ˵ܼңǴذġ
꣬˿оǵ˵
żģбĮطҲŶǡ
ģЩ̸۵ˡ
ܼҵɵɼ֮˾ᱻܵҵһʱ䡣
ЩϢȻ԰
˲Σյġ
Ͼŷɵ˼˵ˣǴ󲻾顣
ֻǣйʧٵ˻᲻ܰȻȷ
ϲô˵ܼЩ꣬û¾ͰһЩصĿأ
һ£ɨһۡ
ţǰܵҰЩֻüŮһλŮ̫ˡӴ
ûûõһ仰ĳȻ£ü
С˰ܼңͱඡܼҵһλŮˣô˵Ҳգ°ۻǱˡҪģȥٴһ㡣
ǱˣȻϲѾͷѲȥ
תĮȥ
Щ飬ǲѰ
ϵ³ʱڼŸ·
³൱ĸˡ
³ӸϽѲ˺͹Ӷ˳ӣҲʺ˼䡣
û£ɩæȥҾߡ
ĿյҲһܵҵ顣
һεǴٵϢ
ӴܵҰ֪ҼҾ;ҲԶأӣһȥҼ
û뵽³þͼܵҲԶ⵽óȻϲѡ
Ҫ˵˰治֪ܵҶ¶֪ҼҾҽټҼǿҲׯɻ
С¶ۼǿҲһЩġ
ܵңһȻûٴˣҲûǺ
һȢ̫̫˲ٵС֮ġ
ϧֻλŮӣһҲûеġ
Ůܵ۰Ĳˡ
̫ڽߣŮء
ŶȻ


113 

ᣬܵҵŮᰵһЩС֮İɡ
Ǯ˼ң¶١
׹Ĺ˵Ҳڸȥں󹬸˲ٵ档
ʵ˵׵г衣
ܵԼĴŮرϲ
С޲һ꣬㱻˻ء
˼ңôᱻ˻԰Ȼ⡣
£ܵ˼ңôҲһȨ֮ġ
׵ľͰ˻϶ԡ
ݲаǲ֪СǸˡ޵һ죬Ͱ˼ҸƯѾͷȫݡ
Ҳˣڶ죬ɹٴ²˴
º󣬸ǰٸҲˡ
ôֵģ˼ٸˣֻΪܼҴС㡣
˺ܵҲû޲ǡ
ôģٸֵٸٺֵİ˵ˡ
ܵڵزҲͰѴС˻ȥ
ܼǮһؼҵĴС㣬ȫû¶
ͻڰС㳢Ů¶ƺеˡ
ʼֻǹŸС֮ġ
أС۹Ͳһˡ
ϲֲһˡ
ЩĿ̣
ģԿڷ곡ʱһλС㣬ܻ欶ٵϺȲ衣
˰ǴС㡣
۵Ḷ́ûһѵġ
ǱصĲ²⣬С꣬Ū˲˻ȥġ
ЩȻզࡣ
λܵҵĴС㣬һء
˵ĿţǹֻҲ˵Ĵ󵨡
ܵң˵ķŮ¡ﻹи֮ģôû֨أȻɻٴѯʡ
ϾŮӵʱӦ÷һλŮ¡
ɲ˵ôһ˰ܵҵŮΪ̲ĵġ
ŮѧŮ
ǣû취ܵҵˣȻǾǵˡ
Ҳ˵пܱȻʼҵ˻Ҫ
˵ǺʦһĹϵġ
ܼҾǳһλʦԡ
Ȼˡ
飬ȷʵһλܳԽĵ˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ڵĹʦܡ
ƺܰ뿪мҲǺλʦеĹϵ
ܹʦ
֣Ѳɣǹʦ˵ıңҪô˵άܼң
ܼңʵкü֦֦뵽ܰ뿪ʱԼ˵ءȻһ
ᣬôɺϵģܼҵı֮ذɣ
Ҫǰ汻ץܸܰǱܵŮУ⣬ⲻóΪҡף
***
ܼңǲܰıڣ
ǱڣΪʲô뿪Žߣ
Ҳ԰ʱ˵Ҫֿһࡣ
˳пһ꣬˳ǹڲ
ĵط
Ǳĵط
Ҳߣֻ·˵أǡ£
ˣˣ
ò˵ʱȻӣȫĴڽ״̬
ףȻѾͷ
ӷ֮ʱһͻأ⴫
̧ͷȥǰһݵף˵졣
ǣ
㲵ϣŲٵĺ룬Ȼһʱֻô죡
˭֪
ҲǶʮңʱԵЩ
Ǵ죬үߵĴ찡Ȼ㲻᲻ǵ˰ɣ
һᣬȻˣɲǸܰߵСеһԱô
죬㰡ôˣݵ˲ءأүأ
ǺʹһģСͷܰСˡ
ȴֻдһˣɫ˵㲡
Ȼģٶȿˡ
أȻҶûŶˡҳԷ
ãСӣ
ȻҲķˡ
ȴڰһЩʳһԵ̻ʣȻϵȰ
ò׵ȵһѶˣŰ齲
ҼŻС˵үѡ
æ취ʦүҲ֪ҵûС
үںδ
أĮĹˣҪŮ
ʲôܰûܼңĮҪΪŮ
⣬Ȼ׵Ĳˡ
ĽһܼҵĴСִݲˡ
ְ죬ܼұ
ڱĮĵطŹһĺء
޵ˡ
Ĩָء
ȻԩҼүء
ǱĮĹɲǸˡ
˵⼸ϵˣûһ˵ġ
үʱֻǺͱĮ̸⡣
þͱ˿ˣȻ˱ǹ
أĮŮ˺ܱ뺷
ǲҪ̣ġ
˵ǹɰޣ˺üλгˡ
Ҽүٷ磬ˮĸĻһ
˹ǲϽҵ˽ȣүٹ
ȻۣĪĶĻš
ʱ˵ܵݽȥ˲ܰ󣬲֪ΪΣģȴǾ
ʵϸ룬ܰľôܱĮǿˡ
ΪˣôҲһġ
ⴺ죬ֻҲǹΪԲŻᵼʧ̬ġ
ˣȻҲ͵ˡ
˰죬ĳȻӦԼ
һʱίˡ
ĵųȻ
ȻѾͷҪүĴġ
ʱôվүô˵ѣһҲء
㣬̫ˡ
Ȼ۵ľˡ
ܰߵСˡ

Ϊ˻飬ӦһЩͻ±䡣
ɴӾͲˡ
СҲǹУҪ˵ӣĵĲ̫Զ
Ҳ֪ܰΪʲôҪѴߣôһɵӣȭŹãɶҲȡ
ڸʱⴺҲûٱš
죬㹦ǺܸôôΪˣ
Ȼ䣬һζ
Ͻ·ʹɿŷ磬죬ⶼûϴأ
챻ʣ൱Ĳ˼
ţʵҲǶûϴҲǡһûϴѡ
ŴԴĴ죬Ȼ׵ˡ
໡
һը𣬿Ů˿񱼳ȥϴˡ
Ȼȥһûϴ˵·
̴֣ء
졭ڸңΪʲôһûϴ裬ΪʲôûųԵģ
캩ͷ
ұ򷢻ȱʱ˸дŵ˰æдš
Ǹŵˣշе󡣹һţͰȫûˡ
û취һ·Ҷǰ˼Ҹɻܻġ
ûɵĻҲֻܶŶˡ
ȻĿ
㣬㣬㡭
ʦҳʱͽ̵ˣŲ͵й۸ˡƽʱþͰԼһ쳾еƽЩ꣬һֱʦĽ̵ġûҿ͵˳
ǰСӣȻҡͷ
⣬ΪʲôܰἫɴɡ
ֻ£С¶첻ãգֻᵹһЩ鷳ɡ
Ѵȥϴ˸衣
һɾ·


114 ܸ

컹ȥϴһ·
ȴȻűӣõãҪ뻹Է͸Ͻӵ
ǣĴܾǿĿ
Ҳӡ·үҵġĶӵǶӵĲӲãҶҲˡȻұ㡣
ãӱˡ
Ȼֱۣ˲
ϲѾͷһš
óóˣۼҲǷɶĳ˰ɡ
ִٵվǶѻ·§Ľġ
ɬǾĶϲѾͷ
զȻݣСӷһţϲѾͷƼˡ
ˣɶʱһĶȱ
ôԵıỰǸ˶ŭɡ
ɶȱ˼һ治ŭ
෴ģСӻƨߵߵĵߵϲѾͷǰ̧ͷȰĿ
λ㣬ҵ˼ҵĸо
үһʱǹҽжȱٺ٣㣬һģϲǹС
ȻֱӸҪǴżҲҪȱɵӵˡ
ڣе㻳ɣȱܰŻġ
ǡǱܰ˹ߵģ
ҵ谡Ǹȱζ㻳·ҵ찡˴˶õ·ԡϽӵ
ɾϲѾͷͷ
һӶʨӺ𣬿ɰѶȱڹԴ
Ҫҡھȥϴھȥ㡭

Ȼգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͿȱӵԶԶġ
ϲѾͷԲ۾࣬ͷɻܰˣôоȱɵӻһİСӣй򣿡
Ȼ϶ĵͷûȱȻӲô⡣
Ĺƺһ
ϣ˻ʱҲһЩйܵҵϢ
˵ܵĴСҪˡ
ң˵һŮŵġ
ҪһϢˣƺš
Ǵһܵ̽ġ
ǣһ˿ˡ
Уҵȥǡõģǽȥ̽һʵźá
ǣ¶Ȼʳ
ϾܵҵСϲС
㣬Ǹٰ˶
һܵŮûʱϵô죿
̤ʵܵȥһϢپ
ܸԣܵҪϲ¡˵Ҫ벻ٵĶ̹磬Ƕȥæ
ӻģڵһʱ˵һ
Уʹڼżңĸȥ̽һ¡
󣬳Ȼ㿪ʼӸϽȥҴĴ
ҪȥƺҲͨ
ò˵ܵˣǶ̹Ҳǰѹܵġ
***
ŹèĹϵֻһǣѴ㶨ˡ
˵һû·ˣֻҵ̹Ǯ·
ǴǣйèϣʹӦȥܸ̹ȴֻмʱ䣬Ƴ׺Ͳȥˡ
Ӱ¶ȻһһĻ㱨
ԽԽᴦˡȥһƬҲġʱ䣬㹻ǴøϢˡ
ڶٳʱٿżˣסȥܵңΪǮΪ˴ϢԶǸ˵ȣܴ󷽵ʹ󷽵㡣£ɻЦܴϢ
õġĦȭƣһεӡ
ϲѾͷҲһԾԾԵӡ
ǣóȻĻɣЩˣȥϢ
оȥðһġ
·ϣòѹһ
˵һ飬ǴϢܸŵ¡ƫƫôߵҾܵң϶ǵһĵҡҪ˵ģ㼸ôȫÿȥء
һ̣ϲѾͷ
ӽˣһΪȻӡ
ûޣ˭˼һֱɽųɶ¶ء
һܵʱɹӰŻơ
Ӻᣬ㱻˰ŵŷܽӴ֮ġ
ϲѾͷΪᣬ㱻ʱѾͷʹ
Ȼһ˴ģʼ󣬱㱻ŵ˳
׵ӱԺȥ
Ժʱһķʴô
˺ɨһ۳Ȼˣţ˻ͦɾġĳɡпɣöʲɫ
ǣ֣Ǽλ˵θǲô
ɲôΪ¶С㶼Ŀϻˡʦˡ
ָ˵һͷĻ֡
ˣϽ˴ȥɡԸĺõġ
ЩԻȻӾת
ĪӺĴԭ϶취ġ
ֻǣ˵Ȼûй򣬿Ҳ̫׾İɡ
ĪӺͣ۹
ôҲǸṦ˲Ŷԡ
զľͻᱻʵĹܵأ
ٿܸޱȵĴ
ⷽԲܸլռ˽Ķˡ
ЩƯһɫשᣬһһŵġ
һۿȥоܸ˶
ʵϣһ·լвǿյģ
ܵôᣬΪ˿жõİɣ
Ǵ֮ҲӦð
˲ԶһƸļҶѲӶ
ȵڶμҶʱȻźȻ֡
һȺҶԲͨļҶ
Ҫ֪·ǽմء
ֻڴϿ
йˡ
Щָ߳ˣ·żմؾߡ
дʿϢεġ
ʹԺĹ򣬱˶ļҶ
⣬һͨĵӦӵеļҶ
ȻŷԼǵ͹ܵˡ
ȻģһլأֻǲԻ֮ء
ѹ֣ܸŵİ˿¡
Ǹģ׼ٶз˴£ԴӿɲܵġʱλװͰ͵ĺȻ
ˣˡϢŭءСⲻǼĸеģûôլô൱һѽܴүĵѽ
û˶ԭҶеءôһСͿ佱ĸ仨һģҲЦ
Ҳǣ˵¸˲ϡ档ҳʱҲүĸһءˣǽȥڿ㣬ЩǸɵĺˣǾͱг⸮ĳˡʱһ¾͵ӵ¶Ҳǳеġ
һˣһһӾǲˡ
ܸһӣһôҲиʮӡ
˵⼸İĸˣǳȻţҲǸ̾ѡ
ܵȷʵǲƴְ
ǿ޵سȥȴ׬˶Ǯôһӡ
Ǹ˶ⲻܵġ


115 ǮۿĴ

ݳȻصĹ㣬ӵǧĶصĵһ룬Ҳһǧҡ
֮ǰϢ֪ܵңҲһǧĶҵء
ôأ⸮ˣǲ
ңмݳ޵ĽС㣬ԼС֮ġ
˶ˣһǧĶؾͿԹġ
ȻȫԿ϶ܵˣġ
ֻ˼Ҿʲôģ⻹治˵ġ
һȴ˽˵ģܸ޺
ʵˮ̫
棬нʮλʦæš
Ӵˣ˲ߺȥ¶
һ磬Ȼв˿ˣ衣
е棬Ų˿¡
вˣ˵ĳǣꡣ
ȥҪôܴϢأ
ڷգͷ˵˽ˡ
˭Ĳˣ
һӾ;
˶Զһλֵĳʦ
ǰ˲˵ѾͷҲǸģͰһ㡣
һ飬ſͷĿ˵Ĳˣ˭ģ
һ£λֳʦҲֻվ
أش㣬ǣСġ
ЩѾͷȳĳʦҪĶࡣ
ƽʱ³ʦЩѾͷùǽн㡣
ȻۿѾͷʮ꣬ȴĺܡ
Цһ־Ͱǰһֳʦϡ
㱻ˡÿ˲ˣĽܷȥ
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ǣ˵ĶԣСģСߡţһ㷴Ҳ޵ľתȥʰ
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ĴҲҳû취
ȷʵ˵ģһԴȫΪǮۿ


116 θ

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ţһʱһ¡
ײ
ֻĶҲǸŮ˲Żġ
ˡ
ӣǳ׼ģ˵رĿθ
СĵЦѻϡ
㣬Ҳ̰ɨһ۲ԶĪӣˡ
ӴĪӱϽջشѵĿ⡣
ȣǻҪʲôˣԷԸСȥġ
ĪڿϺҲһ¡
һۣ˵ﶼӹһ˿ϲ
ˣǵȻϤˡ
Ҫ֪ЩҲֻǸ龫ֵĸ˲ŻŪ
벻˼ȴǡ
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㣬˲ѹ
ȣȣĪʦô
ѿӵݵʱ˸
װģĳ
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С㵫ģС˺ģһҴûĻĪʦ˶Ļ켫ˡⲻղҳʱĪʦ˵Ҫ˵ء
ܴС۾ٿһĴЦ
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Ц͸ܴСֺء
ֺǵĲˣܴСһӳ
ͣСˣͳͳ͡ĪɿθλʦҪʹ͡⶧ӵ͸ˡúõĸɣԺóԵҸ͡
ӵϽЩȥȥ
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ȻӰԥһ£ǽϼǰס
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һңȴͺܶʼң濴ܸ
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˵ֲ֡СҲӴ˲ٵˣȨƵˣҲŵĺܰ
ɱܵţҾ֡оĴء


117 ź;

Ȼ˿
Խãܸƺ
ţܸˮĻҪ
ʦǣţǵõ͵һ㡣
һΣֻҪ˾ߣľͿԲٶˡ
ǿҵĴܸǲá
ںܶܵ󳶳ܸŽܸǲͬڣ
ҪʹС׵ˣ˭
̫ܵࣿ
̫࣬ôŮ
λŮ
ܸᣬԵƫ࣬⼫ѧ
˼ңὨôᡣ
ǺԺ˵ԺͲ˽ȥԺЩʲôӣ
***
Һ󣬼˼顣
Ȼ̿ڵϰеɵȫ˳
ŵгļ˿ӡ
ˣ˵᲻ܴѹͲʵӣǣæλСˣҲߣܸλС㣬ӣ
ϲѾͷʱ࣬ҲһЩ
ɵҲһЩ
Ҳ°ͺ
ŶҲŶһ԰벻ͨģһ˵ûôʲôУǮȥһһӵļҶңĿģЩе棬ܻŲٵָ֡
Ȼһ
ȷЩӣ󲿷ֶסһָ֣
Ӻĵͷ԰ȷġ㣬Ҳеڸǰ˽ӴЩʱСĵģһСһһȻײһӡҸȥСͲɵĿˣԵǸָ̫֡Ѩ¡ĺܸߡǸˣסԺмĵ
Ȼӻ˵һŵӣÿ䶼סһλָ֡һôָҪʲô
Ȼһ˶ĸ֣ͼ϶С
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ϲѾͷ˵ֻܵһΪ˹ˡ
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ģǺӾһ
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СſϵӣקסҪ͡
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ڰ˽Ӳ٣Ҳñ֤ڸǰȫġ
˼ң˭֪᲻ᷢЩ¶
֮ǰŲǷ˲ңȻѾͷĲµô
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ľҵ˶Ϥĸﵱˡ
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ʹ뿪ʱҲһٵˣüųȻ,̫ġ
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⼸Ÿ¿ҪٽĻҲԽĶ
ȻûôĻ
ֻΪҪȫȨŹʳ
ڣڲú׼ɹƺҲ
ڻʳҲǿҵķ


118 ӿ

һΪóְϣڳȻϡ
λİļΪ뺷ܴСɹٵˣȻǺġ
֪еܰˣʲôֵλܴС㲻һеҪס
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תԷƵĴԽһŵһľСԺ䡣
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ۡ
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ȰģȻľ޺治֪λƢǸɶġ
СѾͷվһߣûȥ
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⻰ȻüЦЦЦݣôųȻǴѾͷƺڵſϷ
ǴѾͷ̬Ҳ;üҪѵȻ
¶ҲԽֹİաСղŵĲҲǿԲġСֻǾã飬һζָ𷣣ֹΪãСʧǰҸԸܷСźλʳɺãȻС˻ᶺĹչһЦ
ЦİϷûУСĽĿǿеİɡ
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ԵĻࡣ
ȻҲ壬󷽴ݵǰڲ꣬ЮˣЩǴѾͷҲɵõͷСǲġ
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ʱֻ˼һҪô¶С㱨ȥ˺õźá
Ҳֲˡͬ΢ļǴζġ
ȻȻȴȻһЦӣֶֻҪٳһ㣬ţϽμڷȥζһرûθڵ˰ҲܳԳζġ
ǳȻгСζըˣٷϵӴףּζѡ
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ͬüɻɨһСˡˣСˣôͳԶ
Ҳ֪ôģϳȻеȻʹЮǿζ
ٽһڣɫͻ䣬ٵذ˷
ԭһķôһb˴
Ȼȴƣ˵ԷɡʵɣʱоζһǰˣҲ;ⷹ˺óˡ
ĶͬҪ𣬿ĻĪģŭ𣬾Ȼʧˡؿһ۳Ȼߣࡣ
ѾͷŵǺɿͬûı֣Ҳ׳ӣٶСĵط
һΣȻȫˡ
ôĶŹӣٳ󣬻䷢Сˣмء
ʵǳȻмǣǰҪʲô
ǱȻгһĴڣûһ˻Ը˵ɳȻš
ֻڻ͸¶Щϣ
ʴˣλȻץסһݣ
ֳ˰뷹󣬶ͬһƣˣˣ㣬ȥˮ㣬£ҽЦ
һָѾͷȥˮȻ½¡
ѾͷЩ㶣Ҫ֪ԴӱѾͷ󣬼ֻˡ
ɽ죬λȴʹѾͷ
ôһĹ򣬶ͬǰ趵ͷȥ
澣ӵĻ㶼ˣڿعҽйӣӣĶūޣҹ
꽽꣬һȡ
ѾͷǱ޹߷ɳȥ
أӡ
Ѿͷ̧ͷ磬һͬŵع˳ȥ
ҳȥȥȥˮȥ
ˣСĵźŹӡĩһȻ
ȵֻˣͬбǰĸЦӿɲǺڵûЦЦ߲ӵġ


119 ˣûһö

⻰ȻһתҲˣ飬ŵѾͷֵġ
аڰ
ãλǱţѹ·Ҳš
һɶҲеġԵģĽ°ɡ
ǣҪôأ
ʲôģܰλӶְ
Ҫֱ֪ȻѺӣѹûпֿԡ
һʱ䣬
գѳζǵ뵽һȻյڱĹ¡
Ȼִģһ£赽ʱĻϣҲǿеġ
ǰһΪһС±Ȼա
Ȼһ˵ͶĶͬ۾΢
***
ڰĸǣֻλֵĳں͹ӽ£ģûκεĲס
Ҳͷû
ããĹ£λдĻǴңӵҲʶһ
ˣͬƻӭ
ųȻ񣬱⡣
ȻֻǺЦӦǾС˽ĺãĪҪ˵˵öжϣǲҲô
֣Цӯӯؿǰˡ
ͬһ㶣Ц
úãû뵽ССҲе˼ͣ͡
ǺǾͿλүת﷭䵹һ
вٵĶȫǸĴСġ
ʱ§һһӵȻĻ
ЩµͳͳСˡ
ȻЦӹл͡
лġ
û취˭˶§ڻҲİա
ǳȻӲļһǼǮüۿЦĸ仨һġ
ͬĿС뿪һģ£ɵһЩ֮࡭
ƺԴӳȻ뿪λүͲ˵ıꡣ
·֮ģҲ˵ϡ
һУСõ㱨󣬺Цˡ
͡
￴ͭĴС㡣
˫ʮ껪̣ұޡͶ͸ҰԲ,ǳЦӭţִһֹľ,˫ɫĴ۾ĵ˸ŶĿĹâǹâ·˻ǣ˿޷Ҫ󡭡ɳճޱԸеġ
ǸḾˣƫƫȴǿưж
ʵСֻҪĵȥһˣĵظγò˵İء
ֻǣһʼѡһڲͬĵ·һС·Ҳһ˿ࡣ
С㣬ʵ
ǿģλС㣬ܶʱǷĵİųŵġ
кλ˵աСתһתصǣ֡
Ȼū澣ҲӦСҴ㣬һֱͬװĴڡҴСͲܹĹذֻдϣᵽһ
ǵã㲻ԼĺӣֻΪҳһ̡ΪˣСûǰԹšĻСǡġ
˵Ķ۾ٶȳʪˡ
Ĩ˰ᡣ
С㣬ãͦõġ귢һЩ飬ȫûҪٷʵĹӣҪ˰աЩҲǸģֻҪĵشǣ룬ҵһ˵ġ
СԭǳЦӯӯ˫һ
գҲŤ
ˣҸ㣬꣬һˣᱻҸô㣬ΪǸȱӣĲĸŮĹºǿаǸū澵ģ
ǣﰡҵЩ꣬㿴ˣģ룬㻹ǰһ氡Ȼұ»к˵뷨Ҹ㣬ϣкˡ
ߵصǰŵĺһͨһӹڵϡ
С㣬С㣬ūԽˣңҾǡ
С˿Įתڵϵ
̱ڵأ档
С㣬С㰡Ǻοءôƭ㣬ɣҲкõ˰
ԶмλЦſʹ
ޣ˵С˽¶Ըģ⵹ǺãԼó裬ؼʱ˳
ɲôСϲ˵ģʵϰ˽ҡͷ
һۣȫٶ໰
ʱСԷ۾ѹֵľ¡
ȻôҲѹֲס

ŭԷһо
һʱ䣬ݻķ䣬һȫƬ
ˤǼ৵
ҵĴҵĴ꣬ҾӦŴСġҪܵ˺̫أôɽأ
ڣȻ磬ûкһ鷽
ҹˣԷϢŹЦ
ˣûһǺöҪͳͳȥٺݺݵذڽ¡ͬΪİôҲᰮֻŪҪǿҳ㣬㣬ȴݺݵٰڽµҪӡһ磬ܵһУ
ڵϲȥϵƻİ衣
ÿε˷ʱеŭ𣬾ͱ޷ơ
ǣһӣȫñ˺ˣŻֹ
۾˼ص˼ǰ
ʱ򣬴СҲʮꡣ
ʮŮˡǺ껪ʱȻҲǶõʱ⣬ȴôС㷢һβӦ÷㺡
СڲԭϿš
֪ʱܾˡ
˶ȥκΣôҲ첻ϡ
󣬵һҵСʱȴһλ˵˷
߬ˣѪС
ˣԼԭʹŵ˺ۡ
̵ֹʱ˾ԡˣڵء
˵ĳ࡭һλʦˡ
ֻǣüۣӵ
ʱҲࡣ
ˣСʢׯ԰ﾲ
ãǶʱĴСҲǶΪȣһֱׯ԰űš
ԭ֮ǰг˵һӦûعˡ
ɣΪ˵ĳ֣һׯ԰
Ƕʱ䣬ǴСĵӡ
λµһֱദãڣ˻ӦҪ󣬽λ
ɣûã˲Ƕ
СΪʧ˺óһʱ䡣
һٶ·ԭΪ飬ʹ˰ݣ˭Ҳ뵽
ڷ̵ʱ򣬴СٶǸˡ
º󣬴СȻȻĸ·
ֱһºׯŴҵǵĴС㡣
һ̵ͱӡ
巢˺£û֪ӴԺ󣬴С䡣
ˣǰŵġ
һõˣĥˡ
ǰˣǻõӱŪ
״ǴСΪˣҲһֱ䡣


120 ׵ĸ

ļҵˣķ顣
ǳޣСҲԼķΪֵġ
³÷޼кõദǲܵġ
ʴˣСĻ£Ҳֻаʱ⡣
ңҲϡʱӦһֱ׷ȥŴС㣬һҲᷢЩҵ顣С㣬ɽʹС㣬Բ㰡
ԷʱҲͣЪ
ǰһѣʹʧ
ŵȭͷΪ뵽˵ľ¶ߵؾš
ʵġϲġ
***
ȻһѵĶߣһ·˵Ľ
һ˵£ӦٷһЩһЩµġ
ȻԷ˴һЩͺû뷨
һȻ̾ʵūţҲûг·İ
ܸ߳ٴЩʱȻȴЦˡ
ҪҾ㣬ۻǲС
һö״ʯ棬һͬ֡
һ֣ͬǴͯأ
ȫأһҺ̣Ǿͯǡ
һңгԡסз⣬ڣȫأвٵǮׯ֮ġ
ǶͬͯǵˣҲǲԴ־˵ġ
ڴôܼҵģͲȥ˼ˡ
ˣһǾȣҲǾȣ磬Ҿ;ĸ˰ɡ
ǾˣټͬҲҪĸˡ
Ҫĸˣ˼һ
ϣȻһҹıֱڶ賿ʱż򵥵˯һ
򵥵ģܸ˵ʳҩ
ֻҩµĲñ˻Լ
ڵģ֪һЩܷŵ˵ҩ
һƲߣڵһʱ㱻á
ڵڶŻ֮ģҲûġ¶һŻ𲻳ɣܸЩ˲ɣᱻŵ
ʴˣŻ֮ģҲòãúúõ˼
һ˼ȻΪϸذһ
ڻ᲻ΪԼ۴ˣ
һҲк㡣
ǺһʱȻԼļƻϸ˵һ顣
Ӻ˶ǵҰ˵ˣһ˵ҪһƱģĻ᲻ͷİ
ڴһ֣ܺõ
Ϊ˵һȻʮ˰ֶȫ˦˳
ֻΪһһֱŲ˵Ļ
ĸգȻһҧ˶Դ췢ݻˡ֪ĸ˼ĸ˼Ҳˡ˲͵ȫȨĸĻ
ͷԵĵһ˫۾Բġ㣬ôͱĸˣ
Ȼָͷ
һǲΪүӣ
ͷϲѾͷ˵ССүССС¶
йССӣҲżġ
УʵҲεذѳȻԼˡ
ǣϲѾͷ˵ˡҲüUүš
ʵصͷ
أĸĻٺ˵˵ǣҲݺݵ㡣
һȭͷŵĴֱӡ
ǰµľߵļλѾͷҲλ㡣
û뵽ôȥǸĲһʵ
ðɣĸǶͽЩ׷鷳
㶨˵λǿԽĻȻһ׼·ˡ
ȻڳȥʱҲûӴ϶ҩ
ӣһһҩˮ档
ӣҩһ߶ֻҪЩ˷ЩҩǾа취Ƭطˡ
ܳ·ߣҲˡϲѾͷȥ˵ġ
ڳʱ㱻ȥĵطˡ
һܵң˵ֶΣƽĮشġ
һ˼ˣȻһ˽ܵ
Ȼʽĳ֮գȻףصĹ
Ķͬ,ʱЩĲɵġ
۾Ƕƽȴϵ˼ţҲ֪ԼһεĶעǷɹ
еڰôһ˽Գء
˽ԳҲͰˣȻõŮ
һ뵽Էһͼ
ͬһֱҪʲôŮˣ˶Ϊġ
ֻԼŮ˵ģʱҲĳΪŮ˵Ĵڡ
ΪǸ˷ţҲ˼ˡ
Ȼͷһ
˽ҧһԲʱϲ
ͣ͡
ٹȻ뿪󣬶ͬҨһ⴦ֻֽһ仰һ㷭ߵˣһӡ
һֽϢͬҲ׵
ڣٱԷʱҲ̬ʹǰŮˡ
ôһϸͬҲòϣʵŮĳĲġ
ӣҪڻúʹϧһ뷨
ΨһϧģԼʱԶ˲
ʵŮ֮ԻῴԼֻ£Ҳ͸˰ա
һֱŮΧŵĶͬ,£Ȼв
һƱһסԷ°͡
ܵѾͷǣȫһ
Էǵɴ۾ǰˡ
ֱͬѾҪԼ°ͣ˳ưһƣϤʱ
䡭
ԷǱըһ㣬⣬⡭
Ǵûй顣
һֱǵϷϷˣ˷֮ȴǴй¶
һʱ䣬С˵ϣȾ˲ٵķɫ
˫ֵˮһģٷؿǰˡ
ʡ
ͬƴһЦһѱ֣
һ̵ǸǷˡ
෴ģָǰǿƣζ
Էת䣬ŭ෴ģϲ
ʡš
˽§ţܿм֮
롭ͬа
ţɣû죬ǾͿԡ
ɱȴýá˵ĵЦԽԽ˲ٴ
ȫԶԶվţ˾εʱȴ⴫һֵļС
ãˣˮˡ
ʱһֱĪӵˣһ񣬼˷ֱӻҨ
Ȼ⼸һֱ׵ĸ򣬵Ҳȫ׼ġ
Īӣе߰ҩġ
ЩҩȻЧ󣬵ҩѾͷģҲ̫⡣
һ˷ŵӺ󣬱㿴Ȼǰ·λС˽ȥȫĵط
㿇һȥ
һҳһŶ
ܵؿǰһ߰ľ棬ˣôҲ
ֵصǰһƬѾͷǣ﷢˻
ڴʱĸоԼҪˡ
޷ƿĸоܲ
İǣһҲȫ޶
û취ȻǰҲúˮԶ


121 Լջ

ԴӰ⸮ˮȫҩֲ㣬ټԶҩҩ˲鵹һˡ
Ҳмҩ΢ˣһѵʶԡ
Щ˽ټ֣һԺ
ã˶ͬĪӡ㡭Ȼһˡ
ޣȺˣܸ¡Ϊ׵λ滤һͺȣͳ鵶Ҫˡ

ǡʱ
ǳĸ֣Ĵ֮ģͲµġ
Ͻ˳ȻԸһ󣬱Ͻһҩܡ
Ҳ֪Щ˷ŵʲôҩ·Ȼ൱ĳ
뿪еĵطҾҵ⡣Ī˵
߼ӣԭɫʱȾ˼κ죬˿Ҳɫࡣ
ע⵽ܵĪӾؿ
ŮˣʿȻģҲмһѻ鸾˹
һ۶ſţͻȻ̧ſſкȥ
û飬ýкɡģūһԴģ֪ǵһ
ĪӱСͽȴǴϢźߺߣʦǵһ˵ҹŮ˰ôǵһأǸûУѽð۰߼·ô˵أ
˼۵˲е磬ɻһֱĪӵϴת
ߵͺ첻ѣ˰죬źһ䡣
㣬ٸһ飬ӲǴŮˡ
ǣ֪ôԽǾԽԵô
ȻȻһۣЦأȴԶһһ˵
Ͻܣм׷ˣҪܲǶûǰ˵Ĺ̫ǿˡҸоǹˡ
˵꣬ȻĽ
ִټ䣬Ȼ׿ģһ߶׷
һ·û˼˵Цûⱼӡ
ǷʳҲû·ߵĿջʳá
ֱϣŵϲѾͷԼһҿջ
С㣬С㡭
ϲѾͷһʱֵһֱ§š
ӣǱ˵ĹٶȻع鵽˵Ļһ
˵㰡Ѿͷƽʱɴأôһ㣬͸۸һġо仰ʲôţôҲǰǽɶţ죿
ʵؽ죬ǣ
ϲѾͷţһŤС㣬㿴˵Ц˼ˡ۸Ѿͷء
šҿǴ۸ɣѾͷҲǣ˼۸㣬ҽ̵ģݺݵػȥֲǳصˡ
ϲѾͷٺһЦΣգҲ˲١
ף崺카Сָ찡ߣȥǱ߶һҼǵã컹Ҿ¶ߣȥǱߵ˵һ¾¶
쿴ƤЦⲻЦɫЩԥǣܲסЦ绨ķС
ףЩԥؿųȻĸ˵ҪҪȴǱ߶ʾ¶
ٴľ죬ؿһ۳Ȼĸ
ôôҲŵ٩ζڡ
ĸĪӸϳѧŴ
ôģǽĸôģҺܰӶˣôܰһĸдд˵ɶ飿У㣬Īӣں˵˵Ϊʲôᱻ˼ץȥˣҿɲǻ֪رһץȥº˵ɶŮ˿ˣ֮ƨСǲŵġ
¶ôô͸Źܡ
ĪӵΪ˴£ôҲڿ͸һλ˼ҵĵְ֮ɡ
ʵʵˣȻץܸ
Ҿ֪椶ðɣ˵
̯֡
̹ס
ʵأ
һڣüͽš
һߵĪӿҡͷʵأ֮УܸһЩϢ
ȻЦԣƺˣҺϲѾͷһں棬ȴһ·ңǰ塣
ΪѣɶܵңϿһͨĵʵϣҲ˵ģĵءôģԺ˵ɣһˮǲҲˡʵϣһֱԸӽġֻ¡
ųȻЩӣҲЩۡ
ʶ֮ã
Ȼ˼һЩ뷨Ρ
ͷҲˣǰôľôİɡԺҪ¶鷳ǰ˵һΪءʵʵֻҲ֣Ҳ˰ɡףô뿪
ǡʱһߵĶͬ˶ӣȻŻȻ⳵һһ˰
ͬʼ磬ûطȥԻǸһ·ɡ
ҰܵģеܰȻЦˡ
ˣǷһ
һôصİɣҪ˵Ҳ˳־һѣˣôСġһʤϰٻ𡣡
ͬؾŲҪǷءծûһǷˣ鷳
ʵʵǷһ顣㲻òŶɣǷţԺٻУ˺ܺ˵ġ
ͬɵؿյͷţүʱûȥǿǴһɡģٳԵĲࡣ
ЦҡͷⶼȵɶˣȳˣùܳԹܺȣҵˡҿСӳĻ磬ΪǮ˰һֱϲӪҵŵġã
Խͬ۾Խ
ͬɢǶǰɣҳԺȾˡҪʧɶģɶ¶ϵġ
˦˦ָͷããɴˣҲˡ仰ҷաİҲʧġ࣬ȥһ㡣
ȻҡͷΪͬͬ顣
ˣųѣԵģһѡ
ֻ£ѣǲûءȻЩˣǷ
һǰλʮ㣬ɲĶͬһ
֮ҪŮˣ̻֮أͷ¶Ľӿͣݸ֮׬Ǯʱ
úãүһֱĽǶˣ⣬ĺĲĻǰ˸𣿡
ȻϲѾͷĪӵˣ͸庢һɶֻͬһо磬ˡ
кúõˣȥŮ˵ģ
úãܺãǹԹԵҰţ϶ܵõһƱΪȲʵġҪģвͻ㡣õģȥμӻ֮ģʱһб֮ģ͸ʱˡ
ͬԽԽǣҲûȫʧգһһϵеҪ


122 

ðɣ˵ĺãҾˣһμֻİšǣøҵȫұַˡҪģ֮ǡҪģ㻹ðż˵СѾͷҿģƣȻүҪŮˣҲñ˵۷粻ܡ
ϲѾͷ޵һ
ǿҵرڳѷ
ģٰŮ˾Ͱˣ㻹Ҫ۷վɡ
޳ܵ
ûУˣ϶ǸĴڡ
ֹϲѾͷ룬ǳȻҲΪ
ǣŻһöӡͯǱǵӡ£мĻɡ
ͬǲͯǵأ
ǣôϹ֣
ǣ
Ŀѽ
ȸĻ˵ȥ
***
ССһأҲû̫⡣
˷ĵǣܵȻƬطţûˡ
ΣգȻҲࡣһ·ϣֿʼ̡ϾҪչ
һȻͬźһĪӺ̾һ
û񣡡Īɫ
̯֣ǰϺ̫ˣ׾ǲ֡
ˣɣȻûо֤֤˾ǹλҲ²ˡүҪô顣ǾˣҲԹ
ͷ˲顣
ĪӰŪĳʵûҪͽģοš
Ը⣬ܵô
Ů˾ǷӣĪ½ۡ
㲻ҲһôΪ˸Ů˶衣ˣ˵ˣʵһȺˣûһǺõġǳȻðȻĿǰûˣúеġ
ĪɨһǰȻͺһ
棬Ƕͬӽӵˡ
⵹ҲǣӣһǾˣҲǸʵҲΪһӵ
ûӻֻǰԹؿŴϡ
ĪΪŮûҪ˯ʱ
ĵ̾һ
ʵҺγءԸΪ˼˼ҡԸⰡ
һ̾ꡣ
·ʻʮ죬յ˱Įش
ɳ죬ꡣ
ܶ˳ŶҪһͷſɳţɳ̫
һƬطγ˰ͷŮһ˿ֻ¶һ˫۾ŵ
㣬ȫק˿Ȼֵĸһġ
ڳ棬ķɳҡͷȥҲȥĵطôԴأ
Ƕͬ£·䰡ƵطҪôĵط˵ˣĵط⣿гȺң
ٺٵЦű紵ɢ˵ͷָ⡣
ǿĮĵطвٵİɡУ֮ˣرĶࡣƤëлｻףٵġҲһʱзɳȵһӣţȺˣǾϲƬطء
ó׵ĵطǸĵĵطȻ˷ܵĺܡ
ԴͲ档
Ըŷɳϣ࿴һҲð
ҲãҲáΪҵĵؽ磬һսңƬطܵȺġٴν͡
ң
һطĻȻ治
ţңǴǽƤһ㣬Ǳߵ˶ԷΪ飬ǺܰġƤ˾ͲһˡĻ൱ĶӣǺʱС滮ַ߽ĵطǹĶ󡣡
̵ˣͬʡ
԰Щľǹ߷֮ġǴĴʳյʱǵʳ
ϵĴһᵽƤˣ޵
ƤȻ۾ŲԶڽ׵һЩ̡
ˣԽƤʳΪġ
˰Ƥ֮ǻȡԼʳԼһЩճƷ
˿񣬻в֮Ļ
ˣһЩʳͲ
һƬطĽףĺܡ
ƤʱţأƬطҲܸеġ
Ƥˣɳϣ˵ǳͻᱻһҹֻʺӤŻᱻǵϾͱˣ⺢Ҳˡĺӣѧôȥ٣ɱɱ֮ġĵطû̫ţ򣬸ûֵ̫࣬ĹľҲôաԳƤˣºսһ᲻Ҫǰ塣˵һܰʧݵĵطƤһλսĹΪ
ٴ͸¶һߵĴգգ۾
Ҽҹ汻һλˣǣһʧˣǲֵöһλĸţ
ȻգһߵĶͬЦ
ĪصͷûֻҪµŮʧˣ㲻һλĸʱĸͺĸ𣬹Ҳͷ۰
ȻЩˣһƬ·ϡ
˰죬ͻȻ䷢һ쳣
ˣü򵥵񣬼ûʲôש߽ṹӡ
ɳܴĵطȴֻ֧ףǽᣬǸȫʵһЩô
***
ˣΪʲôأطȫ񣬸оʱض뿪һֻ˾ṳ̈ʵϾ̫ˡ
ʳʣҲſȥ
ţǰҲûעȫס⡣ķɳҪ߶õͣפһ¶Ҫģ߶᲻ô㰡Ϊ˽ݣȫʯͷ죬ʯͷ̫Ҳôͨ˼̻֮ģôýᡣⲻǶש飬֮ģש߽Ǿͷˡףשߣ
˵ɻؿǰСˣ㲻ǗשߵɡȻƣҲ˸ɵĻŮȥϹϸ
Ȼʼ磬ûҾǸ̾һ¡Ҳǰµ˶࣬ΪʲôҪȥש߰Щһʵű⡣ǰһ֮ҪҹһƬطôڵĻҿܻῼǰһƬٲʢĵط
Ҳһ˵˲û̫̫档ȻЩ治˵ġ
ͱ磬¶󣬾Ȼġ
һ߰
ɴ·һ˸ϵܰסĵط
ͬһƬ
ܸɾ
˵ʱ滹һС˴ˡ

ڿȻһ˺һ㶡
㿴˱źӵϲѾͷҲŲѡ
ǣССү
ǰϲѾͷɨһ˺ɫ͵֡
࣬ۼСү
Ȼ࣬ϲѾͷϲŶ
һı仯ѾͷȴԼĵܻܵҪá


123 

Ȼ˵СҪע¶ں˵̶ˡҪţѾͷҪһزñ
ٺ١ҸϽϴȥ
εؿԼ֣Ͻתȥϴȥ
Ȼչȥڻͣ棬Ȼйǵζ
Ҳŵζǰ鿴һ󣬡⣬Ҫʲô
ǣһЩߣԼһЩĲϡ
˿ܾ͡
Ȼִˣɲ˵Ϊ
ΪЩȻǡһЩըĶ
ŶңҾǺһЩϴʦү˵ЩֻҪõõǿͳĶġңҾϹš
˸Եû˵滰
ϲѾͷĻӹСţСһԲԲ۾ء
Сһһľ˲
ССүүСʱӰ۾ǱӣǺүһģһġүϲĲء
һᵽܰȻ̧ͷôˣ˵˸ȥء
Ļ˲ըˡ
ޣǸ̬үһ̬ҪŮҪһλֺãɾǼү
֪뵽ʲôһ۾µµһת󣬱ЦյȻǰ
˵ˣĸѾͷ۵ǳĽ飬үɶˣֲǲ֪ġԺɱ˵ɶĻˡǲ֪үһƬ󣬿ˡû¾һɰҶ۶ء
ɰһߵŶضųȻӴǻɶʽŰ˽ء
ɰ˵˰ɣҿû͹ɰү
ȻҲ뵽ڿջһֻɰʵͱĳ§ˡ
ôĺɰģߣһַۡ
תȥһɰ
ŤߣȻ
꣬ⲻǵĺɰô
ĳ˻͵Ķء
ȣˣϲѾͷʹˣһԡ֣ȥιһţСһһֱ˱˱ģǶˡǰ»Էúʣ԰ɣ
ҪͶͬһȥһҲĵط׼һġ
ĪӣʱתƣְҵҲ׼һ߾طؿˡ
˶Ҫ飬ȻҪģȼܰ
˶˾ְ󣬳Ȼϸйܰ
ղţҲ̫ϸ˵ա
ү֧ᡣ
ô浱ͨѾͷˣҿɸ㣬ܰҺǵĵû˵һô֮ǰһǵǺǵĵԲôţҲðŪȻЩ¶ɾɲˡ
ˣֻǾְˣģ޹ء
ȻѾͷɱ롣үĵģҪҲ˳һֻɰ˲ǡүε鷳ǲСԭӾǵλǰƽ񣬲Ҳ˭Ƥ˹ҡãһȴƤˡ
飬ǣ浽˾ǵһλ
㣬ĪˣƺҲǺ;ǵһλѲ˹ϵ
λصܵ뾩ĪĹϵ
Ȼ˿ԽԽоԼƺһȦС
еңҲô塣
һ˵
Ǿǵλƺɶ¶
ңǺҪ顣
ڵһİԼ˽˹ϵȫ߶
䲻ҵģЩ˽˹ϵٶӴһЩ
Ҳ˵ȻǱƤĹˣүҲеĵҪǵĵ̣شһЩϢİɣ
Ȼ侲һ£ҲµطһЩ
ǣġүеϷҲһ¶ɡ
Ͼǵλѹģǲܲ
֪ˡôҪòܳ
үһνȥҪģƤǹ˭һ𡣻ϵӣ˵˺Ƥ˹š׼ھ
һΣ׼ӭϡǴᶯҡϵĸԡ
֪ˡҲ˵ڣֻҪһүŶ
ڱģǻӦʲôʲôңҪװɶҲ֪ܰҲֻһʹӵĹϵô
֧֮˵ֻ£һա
˼شͷ
ֻʱģҪүĲġżܣῴι䣬ԡԵʱȻѾͷһ
Ȼޱصͷһ¶
ǣģȴЩʧġ
˵ɫٽйӪȥϢ
Ȼǿȡģǣôôòζ
ãܰͺ͵ʱĶͬġ
ףͬ
ѲɣͬҲǽȥϢģ
ңôһ˵ð
ңȻԽ룬ԽԼʱȳͶͬˣе̫˵㡣
棬᲻ɶ¶Լ֪ģ
ߣգֻΪ˵ˣ
һЩطɫĲҶˡ
壬Ͳȥ롣
ԵģſĳԶ
***
Ȼ̫ܰΣգңܽƤȥϢ˵ҲԱ
ãȻҲȱӡ
߾ó׵ĵط뵽ģǿٵ¸ҡ
ȻҲҪȵģɵ֮ҪٵǮ׬ӣź;Լһźá
ķɳϾ̫Ƭط󣬳ȻﱧڼҺš
ˣһܸҵ
ҪģȻҪڵһʱڣѶͬöͷƻƳȥ
߾е˶֪طһµĻš
ԺӣеԺӡ
㣬طȫöͬȥ㻹ôģȻش
ҲǸⰡȫȻвǲõͦġôҲô죬Ůˣ취طҲܾ˰ɡνԺӣҵð
㲻ߵģ뿪ֵꡣȻЦĵ̡
û취ȫ˼ӵˣȫҪֱˡ㿴мԸŮųԺ֣˯ġ˵ƬطҪŵģеѶȡҪǸһ⡣ģⲻƤˣŮ˵⣬Ҳǿ
ȻЦͦȴͶͬЩ¡
㾯ؿ㲻ǹⲻΪ취ŪһνǮİɣ
Ȼԩ
ҵĽ㰡Ҫüأ˭ҲԸǰ˵˭ǮǮǮˣһء


124 Ƥ

ƬطҲ˽ˣ˾˴ĳ⣬ȸ˾§ŸŮȥһ߶ڡҪߵģ֮ģǰһƬطĹ̶һƬˣ۲ܿһҸߵֳءҪˣǷİɣңͬǮģҪģǿ԰иεȥ
˸ӣȴҲͶͬȤ
˶ֻġ
ûôƬطˣƤܲŮ˵ƤˣӰа˿ҲˬҪģӪƤ⣬ҪƤĶŪƯ·Ҫ̵Ůˣôݣô壬ôԼӵƯ
üҲ밡Ƭطˮôģ㻹ܰǵƤˮ鰡ѣѣ治һѡҪ˵·бĶǿԿһµġ
ɬˡΪƤôãԲŸںƤ֮ġҲţƳ֮ģ⣬϶ǰιۡҪģҪװɸ͵ˡһݣ˴磬ݹʡеۺһҪģһŮӽҪ֮أҲĸÿһŮˣܵڡ
˱˵Щˡ
Ƥ۾ʵСˡ
žԭ˵ҵʱɢرĹâ
ʵŮҲͬ˵ġ
ã˵˵ôݻҲȤ
ȰݷһЩǮ˼ңٺǽʶĹУôױŮˡÿ죬ǶҪڲͬͬķ񣬲ͬ·ȻˣٵشһŶǵȦ档
Ҳ˵ӴԺҪģЩǮĸ̫̫ǳԺȲ֮ġ
ЦĻа
ͬҲˡ
ү^ĲУҪЩ˳ԺǿԵġҵһ˵ɶģǲġҾ͸ԣվǶǶСģ治С
վһ߶ϲѾͷһα
˵ɣǲġ
Ҳܰ࣬Ϊë˾Ǻóš
ŮˣĻڸ˶档
ҲֻΪɢźšɣֻ£ء
ӣϲѾͷٴǿҵرӡ
Уʱһ·ӣһƶ׮ӣڱ¶ɵȥͺáϲѾͷǵչһЩֳɵƤһЩƤףд£ԼһЩŮĶ·ˡ
ݵ飬ɱȥӦˣǵȴ廰
ģڣһЩЧ·ƤƤñӣԼƤףڻбƤװĶ֮Ҫǵ·ģһĸˣʱΪݵЧԼע󣬾Ůݻʱ򡣺ˣڣǵʱգ÷ͷж
һţҪ֪֮һĴӴǮˡ
ӴԱˣϢܸࡣ
Ϊ£Ȼþһ㡣䣬Ǹ˻
뵽⣬ع˹
ԶĶͬƵȻɨһһۣٶ޾ɵη档
***
˱ĮȻƵһš
Ӻȥг˽еƤ̵⾭
ÿ˵ĳɽгɽ۸Լ߻ͣеһУͳͳϱ
ȻҲҪ˽гڳɽõʲô
شʲôС˵¶ĻҲðġ
ϾԺ֣ǣ˽һЩ¶
зԵ˵ȫС°ǵǳԱٽȫµĺѡ
ϲѾͷ˽˵ĴŴ磬ϰ֮ĺ󣬱ص￪ʼ·
ˣЩƤëúõô˰ѽŶϧ˼ҶƤӷģɵǺãһһĴ˿𣿡
ϲѾͷųȻ߰Ƥ۵۴
ˣĿдεġЩǴҪĲ㽻ЩǴҪġˣȻͦƤ·ġûôǾֻŰһƤ·ȴûʵƤ·Ҳǿƴӵ·ġ
ֺɫͰɫƤǴõʱ·ŵƤ·ÿࡣɣô㲻ôô֮ģҲҵġڱģʱ˵
滮ˣϲѾͷȻ⣬Ҳˡ
ԴһεСϣȻһЩºϲѾͷҲϲһְҵ
ֻԼԼó·ٴڱ˵ϣôƯУֳɾ͸о
ȻҪģǾİǰƤ·ʽŪ
ˣҲǽƤưƤO֮ġ
ȻҲ¼ë֡
ʵ֮ģûִЩɵƤ´űů
ִЩߵʽѼɫһĴ
Ȼ˵ģ΢һ㡣
ҪģһЩŮʽĸߵƤë·
Щë£ǱëкƤëˮëֿʽ
ʱ䣬ʽӱƤ£ˡ
ƵļƤ£ȻúۣҲгЧ
һɫĺƤˮë£˿ž᲻֡
ˣ⣬˰ɫë죬Ŀʽ·ţ϶
ʱ·ֻŴ󡣻ûһ˵
ܶ·ͺܺÿģƫƫǸֱֱû͵Ŀʽ
һ͵ºܶ·ȥû
ȻģǽִһЩٰѶƤëϷһ󣬸ŪһЩϵϵİۡ
ȻⰵҲ˱ĶġûиߵĿӡ
ȻƷҲ̫Ρ
طҪȥ϶ûġ
ˣһͶͬҪȥǻ·ҪЩ·ڵһʱʹ档ǵĳסһƤˡ
˵ĳʳȫһ·ϣǣ·÷ѶٵӰϲѾͷȵʡ
ãһȺ˼ĳԺȵ÷Ѷٵӣ·Ǿ͵ֵٵš
ϲѾͷ죬һ˫۾ֵԲԲġ
⣬⣬ʵ̫˼ˡ
Ҫ֪һȺˣԺȵѣСĿ
֪ģǶͬѣЩԵģܹһµһӡ
ټŻ㣬ĪһԳԻʦ
ӣӣĸǸʡԵ
һȺˣһ·Ļʳãš
ӣֻǰѼƤȫ׬ȡڼҡ
ϲѾͷ˵͸һĴڣ̫ʵˡ


125 

̫ͬɹƨɵʱ򣬲űӱ澾
˵ˣ̫ɹ㵰˰Ͻأ컹ȥ˵ļءҪٲĺһ㣬һҸ㼱
ͬڴ˯ĲС
˯
ͷҾûôɢˣˣϽãһΪױ
˵Ҳˡ
ڣΪϴĨܱ۾
ǣҲòϣ˵Ƥ̫ˮ飬ָ̫ˡ
ôһ£Ҳ൱еԵġ
ʱҶףôͱأʵϣôģԸġǣ˰˼ô㡣ˣԺ󻹵Ů˰ɢĸŮ˵ذأ
һ仰˶ͬԭɢˣһ̲˽ë
۾貵ӽ㡣
ҲǺǣôɢˣȷʵǲֵŮ˰İա㣬ŮˣǲǶϲЩһͺΰҲ˷緶ˣ
㱻Щڡ
ͷǰôǿŮˣģͬǸСŮ˵ľ˭Ըⱻǿ˱ţǻŵѽѲɣŮԸܣǵһӵȥǻһˣһģͬʱô
ۡ
ͬĿɿڴ
ҲϰŮˮ
һ³Ļȴ³뺷
ðɣˡԭ˵ģȷʵġ
ͷͬȻ³һС
㿴ʧ֡
ι˵᲻ᡭɶ˵ԭ򰡣˵£һŽķءŶˣǲһŮˡǻ̫ˡ˼ֲˣ
ͬб˫Ư۾Թصš
һʱ䣬ҲɵĶ顣
֣Ͷðɣðɣɶ㵱ûʣµģ˶İԹˡ˵ǸǵøϽһ˵س˵Ὺʼˣۻȥ˵ȥ
תǼƳëƤΪϡ
һֱɢĶͬڿһƯ·ʱҲ˿
·ȷʵǲǸ۵Сˣôzʵأ
̾⡣
ǶȻѡһŵƤë
ڷֵܿĸˣæ顣Ҳòӵơ
һЩ򵥵ĶŪôҲƯʶ˵Ĵڡ
ÿˣһǮۿСˡеһУǮƴĶˣڵóˡôһ磬ʷι˵ͬû߳ȥȻô˵ЦҲмλүӵû¾Ҫյǰô
йһ㣬ǺڼЦɵġ
ʱŶͬȥתƣϵ
룬ôɢ˰Ů˺󣬻w˱Ķ
£ÿγϯᣬֻͷĳԺȡҪôһҴ˯֮ġһģЩ˻ס
ԴˣͬķӦƽ
㣬Щ¶൱Ȥ
ڣλŮڵŮˣڻҪҪΪһǵˡ
˷չչٿһϷҪεճ
һ뷨һλӸڵ˶ȥ
һ·ϣȻɳ󣬵˵ĳһ·С
ȻڿҪʱ򣬳ͣ
ôˣ
㲻õλʱ˿
ŵЦݿˣλô캮ضģͲȥˡֱ͹ա
ǰҲܹ͵Ϸ룬֪ô¶
λȷʵǸһӵġ
⻰һ
ȫ
Цӯӯؽӹţﲻ
ţţллȫǻлġһҪ͵ﰡֻϣһܳһáѽ
ϵЦᣬ飬ջչһЦ
úãһᴫġǻȥɣɢˣɢ˹ģڵѪûС
ǰߵǽģΪëڱ˳С
Ǹڴ˯ˡ
ȴ˽ʮ֣
ҧƳ޲ðһƷȥ
ǣ۾תת
ٺ٣ƯɫôˣҾͰǣߡ
ڵ㣬ԽǺԽǳΪ˵Ľ㣬Ƕҽ飬ҲԽ
ˣؼЦ
ԺĶۣͬľŮ˼аЦݡ
ŮˣвҪЦû˻ϲıŮ˵ġ
û㣬һʱܲˡ
ȭͷҶͬ˵ұҳЦҡҶӲأҡ
顭
һʱ䣬ȭߣͬļˡ
һѰסٷ˫ַ
㻹򲻣
Ȼɢһӵ
Ҫ㶨ŮˣѹסҲ̫¶
ΪʲôҴ򡣡
㱻ѹƣ߲岻ϵعŤȥ
ϵˣѹٷԼһȭͷ
һʱ䣬һҪһҪѹơ
˵壬ôز伷һ
ֱң˿ɢ

ϵˡ
һ˶󣬶ͬҲһëë
ɫѹµŮˡüٺ٣Ů˻ǲ˵ɣŴţ㲻Ҫ
Ľء㣬һ㿪ҧ
Ǵ㣬һ͡ҧʹҧҧҧ
һҧʵҧ˶ͬϡ
һʱ䣬˶ɵˡ
ʶβʱһɿ
ҪͶ䡣
һֱǿĴô
һ̣Ӧ˵һɶŰһ˵ѽ
Ůˣҧҡͬס㷴Ӧüһɨԭº͵Ƣһ̾Ȼ
ҧ˾ҧˣôİɣȥô㵱ͷеġ
ͬһڣ˵ͷ⣡
սȭͷ߬Ŀ졣
Żŵһ̾ȻŤ
ҲӦúһġ
ǣ椽Ҳų塣
һȣǲһ
԰԰ôİɣƬͷţҿˣҧˣˣ
˵˵ţҲû¡
󣬴̼ͱ̼ˣٶĥһ𣬲ҧһŶ
ֱһ͸
˻ͷɴ۾
ϽӣĨȥǵĲʡ
һ˦ͷٳʱֲǻͷ滹¶״̬һѡ
ôҧһôģ浱ҧУ⳥֮ġ


126 Ȧ

ʵĻеСС˼ĳаŮװˡ
⻰˲󶨡
һЦа
úã⡣
ɬҲԼɶԣаŮŮģ˭Ҫ㸺𰡡
ͬȻףٿ
ǵȻϣʱʧ䡭
ſſġ
ɣҲ˵ˣҪջءѣѣѡ
߰ɣȥˣ˵Ҫʼء
ǶͬԳһЦٿʱſεϣٶȻָƽʱĵĮԼԶΪӡ
ͻȻ㼫
죬ٶ˵һ³
˵ĸһ·ԭε㣬ȴ˶ͬġ
˵񣬶ڶͬϡ
ĸɫĮճڵġһ̣˲ץס˵ġ
ϸüëŵӡӣỬ׵ļƷһ飬޵촽ճһ˵ĻЦЦб㣬ϣҲһ㡣
Ǻ챦ʯƵͫзĵ˹ұɫڵķĳγĶԱȣѩ˰ŵѪɫ֮
ƫƫ˾޵һڰĺƤë£ս£һաǵĺϸŤ𽥱Ĵǡ
һУһ㣬ڿʱǳǳعһĨЦ⡣˫Ⱦ˽ɫ貵ӣȾһصĴˮɢһҵٶ
顭
ľƱȻ䡣
ˣɵɵصǰ˶
޵˶
ͷķʺ촽һƿɵˮΡ
ƫƫǸΪˣȴǲ֪һһͷٶǳȹһЦ
˻ˡ
˳ճյ߹ȥҪǰնͬ֡
ߣȴһĮıӰһȥ
㺬Ц״ĺ䶯
ɨһ۳ˡ
λˣƺҲе˼
ȻûŮӣԽö
ˣĲٹ
˱⺬һɨҲεؽһ
ȣŮԭһͨġ룬˵ҪᣬǴ˾ģһмλ˵˸˫ҲҪǡҪһ켯ݷáⲻ˾Եĸ˸ۻᡣǵͨҲòɴ·
˵ţʱʱɨһ۶ͬ
Ҳȷʵ֮ٵġ
㵭һЦԹģûϵЩӴǣҼԹôλҼ˫˴γţΪġʵ˫ͷ¶棬ҲǸ¶
˴ȣҲ˿
ͬҲ⡣
Ҫ˵˫·رءϽױݣǺÿҲ֪רΪ·˶ʱܰѵ̿ءһӵĽðɶǿءˣڴĺܡҵļŮˣ˺ӣⲻµһЩ·ءãͿ˫·ʽҿһë£Ƿ˵Ŀζġ
˵֮Իܿؾͽˣһ˵ĬȤ
ڵĵضԲ䳡
Ů˼磬Ϊ˴Բмӣ˴ﵽĹʶ
Ȼͬ˵ÿ˵ߣ᲻ҡ
ԭһļңģ͸ŵǷϵ
Ҫһ㣬ϵ·ױ֮ģĽ˰
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·ҲͰˣǴΣл֮УҲǱĮ˲Ӵ͡
˶ĿһµĿʽ˲бĮһĸ˵ġ
ÿһŮ˵ﶼһΡ
ΣҲƯ֮ࡣ
ڿͬһµ·֮˶ʼ
ϾĮȻ󣬵Ҳôһ㡣
˭ӣ¿ʽ֮ģᱻ֪ġ
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ÿһҲǵ㣬˵Լһλý׼֮ġ
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ϵ·֮Ҳȫλݴʦ趨ġ
һʱ䣬˶ʼڴݻ
ϾĮĺܶ˼ңȱٽǮ
ȱٵģֻôƤױ籣ĸá
ͻȻһܰǳªƤˮ飬⻬ˡ
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ɴˣ˳ʾã˽һ︻˵Ȧӵ¶
⣬ҲζţĮĸȦӣѾµĳԱ
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ˣǱĮ򶦶ĸ֮ˣ
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ϲؿһУ棬ֻŶŶͬϵ·
ò֮ģǱԲơ
վߵһλ绨ŮˣҲǶ껪Ůˣקק˵ĸ첲
˼СûأؾͱŲѽ
˹һЦɿͬ·
̧ʽһλ˳ƵҲֵŮӡ
һˣҲò̾һ
λ˫СǰɣѹԴ㵽Į˼ĶڴĴ˵ҼҵļλСӣҲڴ˵һСȴԭСֵ˴̵ıǮ˫С㣬߶롣
ͬףЦ֨
㣬Ͻ廰
ǰɣλСһǰһֱڼҲûŵġҪǼ˼Ļ°ҪҴųתһ£⻹ƺ«ء˵һͼĲ֪˵ɶˡοģ㸻ˣ˵ɶΪء߶룬˵Ĵ˵ĮƤҵ¢˿ء


127 

ˬʵЦߵŮǺشŶͬ
ӵأͬߴչȥ
һкҲãҲյŮ֮ģͬĴӡ
Ҹϡ֮Ȧ棬۾һأһĴ
ȻҪٶȳ˯ƺôס
߶һֱһੲݵѯ
һֱﲻôôİҪ˵ʱֻԼӰ˵СʱֻҪһܵޡ
ͬü˵ĮˡɽλŮƺһҲס
෴ģһֲĵģλŮȻĺ˵š
ʵͦĽƤģôˮ飬ۡѹҼһֱ˵ء֮ǰ˵㳤ôôһôŵİһˡ˵˵ƤôİŶСģԲô˵ǿҶɣ㻹᲻˵ء
ͬٴηλĳС㣬ƺͷ˰
ᣬһֻӬ˽аɡ
ǺλɢĹС㣬һη󣬻˯ȥҲ
˵˰ĻҲҲ
ȵ˸߲ҵ˵ȴϵŮˣȻ˯˹ȥ
ϸؽشƤеһУ˵Ŀ
***
Ľëźһһģ͸һɵĵһ
ɰ޼ϲԽ֣Ҫõ˶
ȡ
Ȼֻûԭ۾ȴٿ
ǰ貵ͫض޵ģײͣ
ңңҾǡ
ֻͣͷһŤһƯıӰٶȱ۾ε˯ߵС
ĺ˯ǣҺϲôأǸŮ˵ҲõģǣһǺ㰡
˵šӦ뿪ˣǲԸ
ճյؿֱ
ԵŮüЩá
ֻúʲôԭԼĶôһ
޹㶢ҼӿأǺǡҿ㲻ж⵱Ŀɵ˵ˡ
ޱһ˵˸͸졣
㣬ҡĺϲ˫ã㣬ĪҪֺòã
ŮҲ߻˯ˡ
˫ˣҲ˰ɡ
Ͼضͬ⻰Ҳ֨۾ǣȥ
޳ճյıӰ
λӣٹκûܾãǹһһģȻ䰡ûӵƯ欵ΣһĹʬôȻĲƯô˵Ҳаҵײǡ˰֪ء
ŮĽЦĸ̾
ǲӵϾЦѽŮӣҾȻҲĸо
ԭͲᡣ۾ˣȴһ䡣
ͻȻ֣˵һᡣ
˫Ҳ㣬㲻Ҳܡ
ͣһģ
㿴ĳ飬㻹˽ǶԼǸŮء
ǣŲԶǼ˫ԵŲˬһ⡣
ô᲻أҾǽѵһµ
ͬǴϣ˫ָȦ
ţ԰ϲˡ˼ҽ췦ĽһҪŶ
۵ӴԭͲõġ
Ů˿ɾ§ţһʱ·Ҳˡ
úáá
ʲôɻ
ͳζ
ԭҪ˵ģôôѹŵģ
ԽԽþ
ս˱۾ӶҪס
ˣô˵Ļ˯
ңôûûҹ˯ô˯ô
ҵϣдֶɣңһᵱǰңߡϲңҲߣԵҡģүڿ̯֫Ϊôеġ
۾ɢ˵ţȴԲ۾
ҳ㣿㣬㻹̯֫ƽΪι㵱ԼǳİǳģҲ𣿡
ֻ֪ܾͺáΪʲôҪôԭ۾ˣһ۾
ӽ㣬ɫĶ˲
òϣɫˡ
쿴ˣΪģ֪Ǹˡ
ǣڿޣѤĴʱҲҪԵĳ嶯
һ̣ȻҲһҪռһŮ˵ĳ嶯
оԼþҪջ
Ǳ۵ٶ۾һϷ֥
κ
㣬ҲҪԵҵͷôһֱãͬġ
ЦˣٿȻս
°ָͣĦ
ǲǡŮ˶ںʵʱ򣬻ữΪǡһ󣬳Ըɾˣһ߶ȥš
ӡָĦҲ
ʪʪȵϢӣϢƹĵطȼա
ˣ浱Լ˼˰ŵˣǡ̫Ϊ˰ɡҸ㣬ϣ㳤˵Ǻܿǣ㳤ǲϧ㲻вѱšȻˣӣ޶࣬㿴ʱȴдѱĸоеģֻǶһǿߵءˣ㱯
ǵĵЦݣһᡣ
ס°͵֣Ҳʧɿ
ͬţ۾ٶȱϡ
Ȼ˵һ仰ǷϵϢȴĳᡭ
һʱ䣬־Լ˵Ĵ̫˵㡣
ôţ˶˳
ڼһֱŵĳȻ˺ڳɫֻܴΪԼƤ£ƺá
һ飬Ҳûǰȥʡ
ֻĬĬʳʳϣ˵ŮӻʱզȻ
Ҳ˵һǳȥƤµ鿴ˣ
Ȼʲôʱ˵Ƥ²ˣǶŮݻǺĲˡιˣܰǱ߶ôˣûϢô
ɢſϵ㣬ôҲûɡ
ܰ¶ҲǸ¹
аɣС˵ڵ汻˽˿ŵġ
ƣҲҪ˰ɡǲܵˣڵңֻĳµ꣬Ůݻͺá
Ĳ˵˼֮ɶģͻȻסˡ
¶
һ̣ȻһֱĨ֮ȥӰȻʱ䣬ԽԽˡ


128 

ڵƺһֱڶĳˡŷͬѰ˼
Ǻǣ㣬ʲôѹò˼ҵذƾȣ͵ӡ㻹ܵõ˼ҵ氮ôǣΪʲôҪΪءҲӦĶԶͬиоǲҲһء硭ִһģһͬӵˣ
뷨ֻǲˣȻҲס
վٵͬȥ
ȻһƬ
ÿ˻Լġ
µĶͬ˲䣬һ
㹴һЦ
̧֣类˷һģ˿̧
ſӱ㱻ӵס
̧°ͣġ
ǲǣҲúܿ飬ܣһɣֻãҲйĵط
š
λһӦۣоԼĲ䡣
գӱ𣬷ϡ
˯ɣ˯һ㣬úˬġ
ԭҵģϢϣȻܿͳ˯ȥ
ӵ˯ŮˣͬаЦˡ
Ůˣοأ
һ˿ᡣ
յ£ӵߡ
Ȼ˯һȴܵ顣
¶Ҷ̸ͬйƤµĳȻƿӣľһ޼ԴӤһĽ˯һ
㶣ҡͷ
㣬ִһ׷ء
ǸйµˡҲõһЩҲһ
ص˿š
СһԽĳˡ
СӹǶҲķ
ڻҲЩѹֶ
***
ţڵŶءཱུӣôҲһСŶ
Сһںڵ۾ͻȻŶĺߺ
һ˫СŶҲϥϱſ飺˼ǽӤʣŶòá
㻹ϲأҲ֪ôˣ׺
ᣬԽصںӵϡ
ֱʪ½Ȼ
ǣҲĶƸеء۹ʱ䣬ֻҪˣһˣ϶ܰѾҲӹġʱһ˲ҪٷֿˣףҲϣһһġ
˵ˡȻ
񴦣һ
ĳȻȫ
ף͸ۿǸվſڵˡ
ɫ㲡
һ˫۾
ӭʱһЦ֣һˣͷŵġ
ȻͻȻˣֻ죬ȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֱ˫ı۰ȦڻϢ˷ӦŶˣڳˡ
Ɀ˶ҲҡҪ취һ֪ǵˡôô
̰ܰȦСӵŮˡ
ȫԼΪԼġ
ǲ
ӵ֪СŮʹСӡ
һҲã˵ںԼġ
йУҵȻˡȻشס
ȷʵ˺ʵǿȥܰġ
ȻΪЩСߡҲЩʡ
Ը
ǱʶĻ
Ȼġ
ţֻҪԸ⣬϶ܻĸӡ
Ǳ뷨⣬ɾǲ취ȥ
šţŶ͵к
ŲŲӣȻѻű
ܰССһʱ䣬Щ硣
⣬Լĺ
ߵʱ⺢ӻĶء
СһȴԲĴ۾ؿԼ
һֻСָҲﰡؿš
Ŷ
Сغк
ӨĿˮ˳ָͷµ䡣
һζСŵϴ
ܺţҲܰζ
ܰرСëӡ
ƽһαӵžͱš
ôңҵ㡣
Ȼ˰˫һֱ§СŵҸ²š
ЦؾͿţСǺߴ˭
Сֶ˱𾢡
Ŷ
ٶȴк
Ǹ߾ļһֻǼصһҪ޲ޣҪЦЦ
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ӻӸ첲üëҲһŶ
ˣΪʲôһֱ
ܲûУ
СһһЦûûεŮˣʱתȥһЩˮء
ۡ
ԼϤҪߵ߸ߵؾţſˣҲ
СԿķ
СƨһС첲СȶĻǽһ졣
ܰӴֱغšš԰㣬ޱް
ۡ
ų鰡
һֱ˼ңܲĺòá
֮ǰȻѹ󣬱ûƬ
СһһޣС৵ĸſ顣
ȻȻңҡ
ܰɥôӵһͯһ
ɾҲûҷֲݵСƨӰ
෴ģŵ§ȥһˤţϸƤģˤ
ģǸ뿪Ůˡ
ǣ⸸ȤĻ棬ûĵףȻһ߶͵͵Цء
˼˵ģ⸸Ӹӣ͵ö๵ཻͨС
Ҫ⵱˵İԶҲ᲻ôһ¶
УõĴӣڸ֮ġ
໡ۡ
Сˡ
ϺˮСֿسȻ֡
˼ҪףҪͷ
ۡ
ģͷʵ̫ûС
ۡ
ԽǿޣܰԽĻš
һԭЩɹڵһ̾ȻıϺɫġ
Ǻһһŵµ䡣

գʵǿסĲҺȻǰӹСһһЩ֭յǡ
ۡϻˮϼһһ߶̰˱Ѱ֭һһίصǸõ˽ŵĴͷ
ʱͷ˿ýӲء
ȻŹ֭ιСһֱԱˣش˸
ȻʱӣˡܰЩֵأĵ̾
ȥ汼ۣҲˡ찡ȻСĺܿɰǣҲܲ§ľС
һ뷨ȻȻء
һЦţˣһҺܸˣڣÿԽһ¡ҽôӣģ⺢Ȼղۿֹ㱧Ĳ̵㣬ֻҪˣϲӵġ
ЦĺţΪĸüۼ˼Ϊĸ׵иС
ǵƹµ͸ĸԣӵԸУˡ
ǣðɡ
ȻڷëΥĵشӦˡ
ӣ㲻һֱ߾šģоɣɣУһõһ±ơ


129 ΪҸ

԰ҲŲǺű֮ǲԼˡôСĺӣһֻÿķԡԡ
Сһ۾ܰٴδ
ӹСһճȻ˵ķ
ȻСŻǲߴҲֻƲƲ󣬱ؾϵĶͣ
ٺ١С治ءˣ˰
СһﲻޣܰҲȻĶࡣ
ղֱȻָһڱСţҲһЩ
ʵԭͲǴˣһһ§СһҲʦͨҲ֪ôſСһ
ȻҷˣСһֻҪӣһֵʱ򣬾ָǲʱֻҪŲһ£Ǻܸ˵ġ
űһѧϰ˱˷ܵ˵Ϣķ֡
ǰö׽һ˽ϰԣ֪ôССӣʵҪһҲߵģֻϣɵ˶ˣгԵкȵ˯ıáѽʱǷ̫࣬ɵúúõش
ܰŻ۵Сӣٿ꺢ӺԽԵýεСˡ
Ӵ޲ˡ
ǣ
ˣ˵Цģɶʱ߶ɵģǸЩ¶ôֻϣܾذæ꣬ҪۼӾôһĳأɾͻĳɳء
ӷںë̺ϣܰڳһֻսȻ֡
ȻһһԺһˡ
Ȼһ֮ԻӦǱȥ̽飬ǲΪҪһ𣿡
ܰҲ
ţȷʵģһξǱ˷ԣΪϰ¶˹ȥһ𡣵ʱһˣͿԶҲֿˡ
ҲǱҵ񣿡
ңܼҵıУһҡ
ʱһҵ¶ġ
ܼңڷϵܼҵķ֧
ǰҲǱҵ˼֪һˣ˽϶ʩѹġһֱĻȫͳǣͳرĹߣһҪҲ˻ȨҪģΪҽҵգõϵĽͣñһһҲǽܵõһΨһҪĿġ
Ȼıӷᡣ
ͻȻΪԼ֮ǰڰŽʱ˼ھΡ
ʱֻҪĹӵء
˵˽ңֻ֪һһôȻǿ԰Щѹºʡ
ˣûôòãΪλʲô˽ӣ
ܰԶ˵СһȦԼм䣬ҹ̶Сεɨһۡ
㰡ǰ㣬ֻиͨˡԴ󣬱ĸıˡ㣬Ҫһͨ㣬϶ǲеġ㣬ֻһһһ˫ˡΪʲôᶮ?ûΪʲô۾ҵ̬Ͽġ
ЦΣȴĸܰ
ٺװɵ㶣һ
ܰȴק°Ͷ⻵Ůˣ֪ʹС۶Ҳ֪ЩС˼ԺҽģǺӶˣôңΪҸ𡣡
ȻɵۣŮ˺òãôҪΪأ㡭
磬ſ㱻ɫǿƵס
Һú㡭
ǿƵǷסԵ
ֱܺ˾ôһӤ
ϻڻС첲ŬлСëŶ̧ͷճһĴˣػӻСצӡ
飬ҶռģôԺͱ˱Ӥǳ飡
ʹСһ˽ճһ塣
СһצקǸߴУϽſŮˣŵר
***
ڼ鵱еĲĵСëӅƵĿţշֿ
ܰƵɨһԼĳط§ſڵ̧ͷԼˮСŶ
һѱһǺ
Сծİɣ
ۡȻߵЦˣ
ײȵʱģǲɱص˵
ðɣƺкþûгԹء
ڲϣһɨȫȻֻˮĴ
СһСһȻŬռԼȨ
Ҳܲס̫СҪ˯̫ࡣ
ûһ˯ġ
˯ź󣬻ųȻ·֡
ܰСӰԵռԼŮ˵ĻĽֳζġ
УһҪϽѻ꣬Ҫ⺢һֱռ㣬ԺԸҲŮӣǿɲɵ
Ȼ۵ˣ·СӵĽѳ
Сʱĺòãֻ۾ۼԺ󳤴˻Ůǻģ㣬ۼӣٷְٵǸˡһ׼⵱ǿء
ĴԹڳɬĩʵĸ˳ϣۡ
קſǰ˿
Ȼ
ǵϢżһ
Ůһ̣Ϳ
ӡûźߡ𡭡
ֻǣĻû˵㱻ɡ
ҹһҴԡ
ֱۼһ°ףŮ˿ధ˲շŹ
ŮˣܰЦˡ
һ̣žӵ
ԭӵһˣ˵á
ԭֻһˣҲ˵Ƴǿ顣
ԭĻ
ԭͱڵһλá
ԭűŮˣиоΪһ
ԭеļ飬ֻʱŻķ
ԭ
еİΪõĶ
ɫȻ뿪
Ҳò뿪
ֻΪˣԺٳõ꣬һֱһ
ӡһǣ˲仹˯Сƨӡ
Ŀٵ뿪
⣬ʹ컹Ƕء
ʱȻغ˺졣
ϵү̡⶯ƺҲ̫˵
죬˵ˡ
һĸһġ
˫۾ڿˡ
ү̫ˡϵⰤĽļȫòá
ģһֱ˯ȴܱèеĥ˯á
໡
ɬӣܰǲĺܡ
һۣû˯ѻôģҴ
Сֹ
ɲû˯ôһô˯ŲŹء
ܰĽŲ̲ͣ³һ䡣
죬ûɶ°ҿ͸Ӵðɡ
ʵӦ£ŶǣүӦ
ҪүϲѾͷɣҴǲеİ̫ˣұ֪ôأ


130 Ժ

ܰع
⻹࣬ԭֹһ˱úӡ
ޣǱõ
ҵƽеĳˣ˲á
ôүĻҲˡţ
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ɥӦ£ү
һߵǴҲһġ
죬ôүǰֳ
Ա񣬻ð
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˦󣬱㿪ʼ¶
йڵ̽˵ˣֻ㱨Ȼҵ
Ŷ⵹ǲĮһ⣬Ҳǵ
ĵһү㲻Ŭôô뱾أ
ܰ۾ָʶôӵıԵ
˷Ц
Խ棬ҲԽĶడܼҡ
ҡͷû˵ȥ
ĺģ
Ҳ֪ܼңǺܴһӡ
ȻϻǱ߶ܼһӡ
ԽǼˣ鷳¶ҲԽĶࡣ
ңڵķ֦ԽԽ࣬ŽϵܼҶ˶ķ᪡
Ҫ˵ңֻ鷳飬ӵĶడ
ү̵¶ҲԽԽ鷳ġ
ˣҲ׽£ֻ»Խӵѡ
һ죬үҲƵİŵġ
ҲǸģˣҲܻһҵա
һ˭ҲԸ塣
Ҫ֪壬ζչ˵Ĺº֮
ǮҲΪ˵Цġ
Ҳױ衣
ʱԭעؼһڡ
Ҳǣƴʱ
˭ļۺ񣬱ζŵλвƸ
׵ܰ뿪
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Դӵ֪һܼ󣬱һֱҵ
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У̫ˡһأ˵ˣǵũ֣б⣬ҲҴ㲻ǣһ㡣
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̸˰죬ԳȻΪһµıϳɽ
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131 аŮ

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꣬ӡ
һͻ״ֵĳȻ൱޴롣
ֱɬȻһЦ
ԭʵˣֹѽ
ȴ˵ܰһƬ԰ټƵȫһµġ
ɴˣҲԿλ竹ĳжء
ڿҪʱһλС˽¡
еһжġֱȥʱһλѾͷһ̵ġ
ӣҪĵġ
ܰɫ΢ͷ
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źֱ𣬻ʲôСһＱأ
ʣܰ´
ûԵˣҧЩġ
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⣬ҲաҲãһҲܶĸӡ
һܰһҲޡ
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еһУǿĺܡ
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๫˼㡭
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***
ݵܰǰͻ˸ۺضʱܰˡ
ȻҲɵˡ
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ٻһУǸ˾ȻΪһһ΢ЦԸȥһŮˡ
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ܰһвԵ㻹׷㣡
ҾǺ˵һġ
ͻŵɫ޴룬ȻϽӹЩ
лл˫鲻ôã⻨ӦܰˬĶաллŶɣ
Ϊܰڵ˵ɫ޴أһ⻰˲Ц
û£һܲ˫ĺ飬ͻҲǸԸġٺ٣ҲҪﻹȥǵ̿µĿʽҲΪ˫һ³ӡ
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һʱ䣬İζӡ
Խؾɨߵˡ
ȴ֣һʵӡ
ˣͰһȻȻȻһλ߰ȥǧĵŮӡ
ȣɵðҪʱչˣôˡ
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ɲôܾã˫Ը䣬ѩɽϵһѩһġƽʱɢӣǽ죬ȴֻԶۣĴ
ɲôʵϾİһ߹޵ŮӣŮӣעǱĮΪ֮ġ˵˫αųΪһλ˶ءޣֻҪ˫۾С


132 ˷

ϣλߣ۾ͺá

һ˾߽һװްõõȻȻҲڲԶʼᡣȻʱûש飬ҲЩǮһЩʯͷڷӡ
ܰǰһոµü΢šš
ƬطȫȻзζӳԶ˵ǲҵķչ
ɲô󣬾˵ȻۿŲҲֻܶڵסһ¾ͺáܺͳ˽ãٺ˵÷չ飬ҿ԰שľ֮ģųֻҪԸҲǿ԰쵽ġ
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Ȼ˵Ҫ׬ǮЩ⣬ҲǷҪ׬ġ
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ðשҲˡʵǲһҪשģҲճ࣬ţ֮Ľڳεש棬þȴɹĲˣҲǿõġȻõģƵש顣ðɣǻƵשᡣ
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133 

Ȿ˲һȺΧŷͶŮתĸидˡ
ĸΪ˸ΪŮСźŷš
ǵɫӵġ
С檣Ůˡ
صҺΪһЩԼϵ¶Ƶз
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Įĸ˶ӦˣҲˡ
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۹ۣ⿪ţչһڶˡ
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ȻҾãʣȷʵҪõġ˰Ժǻһһӵİɡ˵˵һ߲ˡأӵǰšһںܷ꣬ңҲչ㡣˵ҪǲͬƵ飿
ȻҲͷ뵱˵ʱԼһںصĸϳ찡졣
ǰˣ򲻶ϵǰ汼ܡ
ôʹҲ׷ϡ


134 Ůӻ

һ˻ͬ
س˳ͷ
ţ治С
أܰз۾ϸڿˡ
ǲӦô𣬼ǿʣټٷе˶˼˵ˣ޼˶̫࣬ҲǺܺġԴ𣬷ΪҵʣΪǵĳ룬ۣӴԶ밮ɺã
ܰһ
УҪץʱİûûҹһһͲҪģΪĽͬúһѵ
Ȼ֪Ϊ
ɿɣӳ˰ɡ
ԲѵĲԸ̫ˡ
У治Ҫٵȥһѵϸȥ
ܰ¡
ˣǻǸϽȥءǸϲѾͷôԲأУ۵øϽȥ찡ⶼɶʱأϽģϽôˣ죬ҪһȥɡڵҵĻ̤ʵٵġ

ܰһ̧ͷˮ۾
˵˵ģֻһŮ˵İ
СŮˣѵ
Ȼ˵õģֻһ˫ǣûСǶˣһңң㣬ܲ
иҪһ㣬㲻ȥ̫˵עʱЩ˵϶㽿˵İϵġһСģ˼ֻ尡ɶġ
ܰ˲ɫ
ȻϽסСŮһק첲
һȥ룬кʱ̧ͷܶǼôҸ鰡ȥ
ˣӴܣܰκεصĶǡ
Ƥʵĸˣðɣүȥ
Ȼֵļ۶
˸˵ֱ۳
ճһ˰۶
˵˵˵İɡ˶ôǵģ֪˼һˣǰݶˣһϵĶУԺĶܲСź˯ŵġ
Ȼǲ⡣
飬Ůһû˯ãǷӣȫԼġ
ðɣϣƺȷʵǴ˵ӡ
ȻôƤᱻ˵ˣҲҲסġ
ĵسһܰĳûһǰȥ
ӣȫûкβס
ðɣʵ˵ƤҪġ
һ˳ź󣬱һ̶ȥ
ͦĸ߷΢һ㡣
ҲֻĿ
ʵҲϵġ
һһֱӴͣ
ʱ򣬳Ȼпжͣ
һˮ׵صݵǰ˵Ҳ˻Ƶģ֪ˣ۵Űء
һ޲ϡ
ڳȻĶ棬ȴ൱ġ
ҿԵڱĹ˼ǲǣҲǣ
λ˽һŮ˵ŷ⻰
˵ס
ǣ
ƵĿˣȻϽɫ
ܰļһ
ý黳ģ㿪ЦġЦء
ܰڵضǶһק
ڵģǿҲ⣬㿴˿֪ĳ¶˳ȥʾź
ºҲ˲ٵͷ֮ġ
ܰͷϴļٻǸ˸˺ü
ߣȻü
ôˣſʼͦ¡ģôһĲˣ

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˰ŰָǾһش¶
УһεĽΣұҵҲƳȥָЩ£ûôĿʽȻ׬ǮˣҲǺǵһЩŮϵĶСҪģΪһЩƯΣΪǳôװСҲ˵ҪΪƻˡ
˵˵ţܰ۾ֲתˡ
һΣܰҲϸʣֱһЦ
ҪҳԣóĳУҪˣʲô˵
֣˵رᡣ
ζȴϵرĳ
޳ܵģɨһز
ڱһϵоٶǾ
ȴǸŵģȫҪ˵˵֡
***
ȣעӰ졣ûɵ
̫ˣеڰѶͬ˶Եˡ
֪ճһôҲֿ
ˣĺȵľС
㰡˰ɣҸ㣬ǵðŮӻ¶ȫʱ㲻ٿԺŮҵš
ҵ룬ǰȫ¶ļԺڱʱҲš
һ֣Ρ
һȻԷſֵȥŮӻˡ
ʵһֱһõ뷨ǾǰµŮ˵˼룬΢ظıһ¡
ȻҪȫظı䣬ƾһˣǲܵġ
жʵʵĸӣЩܿ͵õıġ
˼׵ˣȻ㿪ʼٴι滮
׼ĲʱŮӻĽҲʽʼˡ
ܰĿǰ뿪󣬱㷵ȥС
Ǳôˣ
үǱߵعǣȻһҲûֶͬı仯
ܣǷˣҲúġ
ҪģˣƺܶθڣŨģĻءǸͬҲǣȻŪİѽѽһ϶вͣ
ܰЩ
˼˵ͬһˣ
ү
Ҳã֮ǰȻȡΣһֱͬŮҲ̫ҡһֱֵñܵϲšһζͬһˣزú󣬵ٷʱͬȡˡ
СͷɲôĿǰͬǲġԸһιͺˡ˵ƤڹĵطԽԽ׺ˡΪ¶ʳҲá
ƤһĵҪǱ߾طǵȻ׺ˡҪģƤǱںġǣҲɵһרŹˣҲ֪ӡھͲ֪ⱳҳ˭ֻҪˣ飬ǳɹ
ֻҪĻߣ޶һ
˼ôˣ
̸¶ܰҲ˼Ӧ
Ϸеס
Щֹģ˵Űŵݵܰ
źܰš
˵˵˵˵̫̫ûɸɣҪĸӱ·СôͲ⵱ӵĶ룬ҵޣҵĶŮѽȻ֪̫̫ˣöѹء


135 װ

СţȰ䡣
ʵүҲһˡ
СϷ˵Ҳǻ¶úҲžһġֻǣҪ㶨ģôϷ˴Ӧһġ
Ȼ֮ǰˣܼҵĹǿ϶һܼͼˡɱķ̧˽
뵽⣬ܰͬ뵽
ػ֣֪ˣȥ°ɡУŵӹǶûϵôǸĪô֣
⼸ŽӴĶˣܰҲ˽֪顣
˽Խ࣬ҲԽĸˡ
ҲͳȻһ൱
û˵һžһ
Īκͽܻ˵ҪӲܻع顣ߵʱĪҲʵ˵ˣСүͯˣȻĿǰƺ˵ģɲǵһЩҩܱ֤Ժûк֢ε磬Ϊҩĵġ
Ҳˡ
ˣ˵үҪ·ˡ
飬ӵŶġ
ɾɰɡܰЦԼλֻĮԴˡ
Уү˻ĲҲ׼ɵʮС檡
ܰҭסԸӣǰͬ
ǺǣһϷҲҪ⵱ӵĸ񰡡Ҳգͷӣһһ͹ȥա
Сһ㶣ͷǡ
Ҫ˵ɣʹһȷʵ˵
үԸˣ϶ԭġ
Ҳȥ๫ڽݵʱűݣŻȡ˵ġ
ȥҲȥŮ˶ѣԺ๫ұ˳Ц
ЦϵĽΣۻȫһȺŮˡ
һŮװȥʲ
Ҫϣǡ
ðɣ޳ܵŮˣΪ˵ԼķòȤջš
ðɡϣΪȥķϣԸٹ
ĳڵͷȴóȻ
ʱڿȦ˶᲻Ⱑ
ٻˣôŪ
ˣȶԸҵɣںӵ¶Ժ롣
ʱı⣬Ҳ൱εء
ϣŮӵػĹˣȻнʮ֮ࡣ
˶ĸ˵ΣҲȷʵ˳ȻԤϡ
ΪˣǰѴһ𣬵Ǽǣᣬٰѱ˴˷һѶ
໥ܣº󣬲ſʼΡ
˵һеȻִҲǽӴġ
Ȼû۾Ҳһʱ۹Ǹɡ
ΪˣҪһȺŮ˵Ķ
ȡķȰܰƳ
λǿ˫ױƯ𣿡
һ˵á
ºҲϸĵĸ˷˲֮
Ҳôõҿţ˫ôôıŤأ
λ˵ܺãɷ˵װҲڴ磬·֮Ĵġ
˫ȷʵǴ粻ˡǸ·䲻ĺϸ֣ᷢȫ
磬£һҺɫģ棬һɫĳȹӡ
ȻǺɫĺɫȴĺ졣һӾֻע档
档
ƫƫֻһ򵥵ΣΣֻһŵΣʺױ硣Ҫ̵λǵģôҪ·֮ġ
ΪʾЧԵȻΪܰһ״ȹ
Ȼ·ʱ˵ĵطġ
Ҫܰűĸ˵·ȻҲɰ
Ҫñ˿Լķ׬ô
´һµŮװٳǰʱֻǰһ
֮ǰĲΥ͸оһȫʧ
һŻĲƺࡣ
ԣƽʱҿ˫ȫݻĴ磬죬ҾҪΪı󣬰һµŮӡλԵһ
ЦԵȣԼΪܰױݴ硣
üǹϵ
еӦȥеҪͻģͻ
һţҪﳤ̣ܶԼŵڴǰȱɶģܹȥһͰһչǰʵ˫ƤãǿԲױġô򵥵Ĺʣס£һ᲻ýȫһأ
ǸñǴʱ˶һ
⣬ôµĹ˫ﰡ
иȥС˹ĸ˾̾λŶׯĹƽʱλ˫
˵֤ʵϸ֪ˣȷʵ˫
һʱ䣬˾̾
ѯ
ܲܰҲһ
һλϻõĸˣҪһһ
ƽʱǰ
죬һλĸˡ
ãû⣬Ϊһ·һΪͷױģȥʱҷ϶ΪߴŵС˵ġ
***
һᵽǸ˱ۡ
˵ᰡҼҲˣʼļ꣬ҷһֽ갡˼С檣ҲԸ⵽ء
ݵӣȻȻЦȰ
ģֻҪңţûзĸҲġ㣬һʧ磬Ů˲ԴŮҲǲܴʵϣָ磬㲻Ҫ̫棬Ļˡ
ܶͬȻЦ
аһһûõİˣᰧݲѡĳüġʵְݵĸʣǻˣϲһλ˱˵ĸôһģгŮվǰһƼݣɫ˵İϸˡˣҲѡгŮӵġŮˣԿԼκʱ򣬵ûԼķڣҲҪԼ
ô˵ĹǸ˵ױݱ㱻á
Ѿӵݵң
ƽʱׯĸ˿ž·𷼻˵Ĺʱˡ
ɫΣңҲ˵޶ˣ
ԼƯ˵š
ϤʱȻ˵ˡ
ЩȻ۾ʱȴϸϸ䣬۾һȴ
ﻹƽʱλ˵
еģֻǷ֡
ֻ˼ʣ˼£ܰһ˵ı䡣
ڳȫһ
ȻְִױڹŴĹС
ţʵǵҲȱŵġϣҲϵĴһġﳤ̡ܶ
λˣ۾ԭͼƯģббġƽʱȴҪľͰ޸ˡ


136 

ҽڻױϣͻ˫Ưķ۶Ϊ˼ɫԭе㰫һЩױߡ˵ֻǼʼ򵥵Ĺ죬ֻҪˣܰһλ޸ֳ
ԵĻױı䣬ڳ˶Ŀһı̡
˵ʲô˶š
ҲıҲҪٶׯĻš
ıĶׯҼҷһֱ˵ҿ
һʱ䣬Ϊ˵ǿı䣬ֳķǶҪı
úããԵŰھءһ𼷹
ҪΪô˻ױȻһǸ㲻ġ㡣
ԼϲѾͷ
ϲѾͷʱԽϲųȻ¶ˡ
˵˵ֻ˵ǣȻҲűĲˡ
ϲѾͷҲȷʵҪġ
ݷ棬ƺԵᡣ
磬·䣬ױݵĨ
еһУȻȻȻԲЩ
ɾȻҲλͬĴԽŮǿࡣ
ΪˣҲ̾ÿһλԽŮȻһĻ硣
ҲдԽŮԻҵķ
ʱͬ飬еԲеˣʮֵȴͬЧ΢
ڵģָ˻·
ݸλͣҪױݣһЩʺЩ˴·
һһָһЩȥɳȻϲѾͷΪױ
ӶһЩһ·Ҳҹһա
ڳȻϲѾͷ۵ֶˡ
ϣܰΪ󡣡˵ҿģҪôϹڣ˵˵㣬ôͲ㰡
Ȼί죬ѽ
ǡ˱ŤһŤͷϵĴ࣬ȴǸ˵ġ
֪ء㲻æµңӵô
ϳζ̫ԡ
ܰһ£ס˵ܲˡ
ŵ壬ܸо쳣ȻЦλӴ
ƿʵϣȴԽԽıء
ˣԺҷ˵ʱͽ
̧°ͣؿ̺졣
ƺԽԽԽԽϲʳء
ֻǣÿôһʳţ;൱Ķ
⸾ˣȴһٵˡ
оԣܰ൱Ĳ⡣
ð§
Ůˣٶ뼸ˣҲӵԼҵǣҲϣΪȫµƹģȫΪǿ϶ȥġһõƹģѧô˲ţҪùҪԱҲϲš
ַԽԽᡣ
Ŵ࣬йɵů
֪ΪԼ롣
ۣǶĹѧ˵ơһĽġԺһ򣬵ýӡҪʱҲܹҵǣٸһʱ䣬ҰһжˣͿԽɱˡԱһġ
Ǿͺá
˵꣬ôסҪੲݵδ
ֱ˵ط󣬳ȻűŹ
Ը׵Ĵ꣬ܰЦˡ
㣬ŷǳĿɰ
Ȼ
ҡ
ӣд𣿡ֱ׳ĻشĳȻ
ðɣʵҲϲ۵ġ
ǣ̫۵ذΧţĺһ죬˻Ϊ࿴˱Ůһۣ᲻
ǣ˱Ůˡ
Ҫô
һʱ䣬İٰζ
ܰս̧֣ͷϵǳ
죬һȥաʱҲŵġͻȻ䷢֣Щ˵ĻŮ˵ġŮˣȻ㳤ĳª˵㣬ҲôˡǱүˣԲҿŮһۡЩ˼巿С檰֮ͨġ
ô֪ڵ⣿
Īǳͨɣ
ܰקһ㣬΢תŲԶһʯͷ
һʯͷȥ
Ҵǡ

ȻЦˡ
ôˣû˿ġ
оɣֿǰ¶ȻˣҲ̫Сһ㡣
˺ĸˣǶڿǿģԵų⡣
ܾãԼʺٿ¡
ѾͷҵǸʲôˣӦúġ֮꣬ʱÿĵزſұ˭֪ģҵʱˣҳˣߵŮѹġ
ʵôŮˣмĵΪءΪһ𣬲ǵõһЩΪһԴͷҶڶҼŮ˵뷨ǹѵĺܡ
һʼ
û˵ȥȻҲҪġ
ǻֻţӴҲٿѾͷԼġԺһҵ޺þˡô
ȻƤʡǹӳϣЦݣԽӵůˡ
***
ܿƵĸЦܰ̾
ţǻ㣬ҾúֻãôҲ˳ۡ
Ȼ۾Цˣָĵ½ȥ
ţǰǻҿ㣬൱˳۰ʱ㣬ҵһءֻҪ㣬һӾͳԴˡ
ܰ޺Ůˡ
˵˵ҶûоΪʲôǸҹȴһֱͣţ
ȻЦɣܰȴо˴̹ǵ⡣
ǸҹǡǱҩôޣǻȥ˰ɣ㲻˵ĲôҲ֪⺢ӽԵôûǰ
ܰӵҪ뿪
ȻСĻԸ
Ƥ⣬һšһ

ڿˣʹʹü

ſˤڲƺõǣˤȥʱܰ棬Ȼ档
űˤ˵ˣȻŵļС
ܰôôϽҿ
סܰҲ˼ˡ
סֶѾͷһӣǾͺúõĹɡͳɣֻҪԺĶңУΪ¼ӣǰǵͳȥҲˡ
ʶԼһˣȻȭͷơ
ƭңҲͷ㣬ɶļһ
顭

Ҳ
ԽǿŵģȻԽ׺ݡ
ȵˣ̧ͷʱ㿴ܻΧһȺգ۾Ůء
㿴̧ͷˣһӡ
λظȥɡҪˣèĸèĽȷʵ̫һЩû£žϰˡ
Ȼܰһۡ
һ׼ɶļһ


137 ²Ʒ

ͬģһȭͷ
㶨
ܰĶ
Ůˣˣ㶨˰
ð죬ͬǸʵѡ
;ɬͬǸȻʾ⡣
Ȼʱǿɶ˵㡣
ǣ˼ҲԸҸɡ
£ͬһǳĲġ
ҲпŮģôҲ䲻İٰŮ
ҪģҲ˵˷˵ڵһλߵ൱Ľġ
ڰҲɶȦ˶š
ˑУôء
ʵҪ⡣ûȸӦǣˡ
ܰҡͷ
һᣬȻİӴ
һȥੲݵŲͣ
ܲס޵ĺ湥գֻ֧ܰ͸¶һЩ¹ʡ
ɶ㰮ˡǻӣ⣬ôˣӰˣôԺǣһ𡣵ҲǣôĻ¶ء
֮һ仰Դλӽ뾩Ǻ飬ʹ˸ǳˡңλ飬Ҳ˵˭ںһЩƾŸоֻǳȥ˵ģǸˡֻһϷ
⣬ȻĬˡ
ͻȻ˵ʱߵһЩ顣
Լ˵һ仰
ʵ㻹ΪԼʧȴӶȴҲٿһ۵ġ
һ̵㣬ô۵˵⻰ġ
Ҳ˵ҲǸ˵ĺӡ
ǣȴ
ôܷ̥ҩģ
ͻȻ䣬ȻԼĹذ̫Щ
ǿЦ棬Ŷٵίᡭ
ÿһǿŮܻôС
㣬һʵ
Լأ᲻Ҳһ죿
Ȼ̫ˣôһôˣֻ˵۹ⲻáثġ䰧ݵ˸Уʵߺÿһ졣
ϧǰˣһĹÿһ졣
ܰ,һ죬ÿҲ˳ˣݴһ˵Ҫҵʱ򣬻ҪͱŮһ᲻ġ
˵Ҳиоˣһƽ뿪㡣˵ҲЦ뿪ġӦ࣬ôһҪ뿪ſԺͱŮһ
סӵҵʱұŮˣ֮ͨģһ㵱ɳ˵ġһҲԭ㡣
ҧгݵͻȻ˫Եӣ͸ż֡
ܰһͿ
Ů˰ǶԼġ
°ӵԡ¡
¶ľ׳ţóȻľͺ͸ˡ
ԽǿԽŵǿҵϢ
Ůˣҿˣղŵô˫ҿˡţҪҪ˵һ飿
̧°ͣһرƽ
ÿҧһ֣оԼĲ
ңңҡ
磬һļпܷġ
ԣֻĩš
ȻͲţ㱻ǿƵضס
סҵѡ㡣ǱĻݵġԺĻһӱĳͷġ
ĸˡ
һ

ϧջ޾Ĳࡣ
ֱϵذģһѵĺûĵ˲ŷŹ
ڶ죬ܰ˵ģܰǰŮװȥ档
ȥµ濴һ顣
˲¶ʮĲ÷ûûҹų¡
·ٶȣ۵ҲǸϵġ
ԱõģܷһЩԳһЩ·ͺˡ
Ҳһ˵ġ
Ϊʱ뵽ǰķһ
һеܰȴ൱ͬ
԰ĳͿٲһЩˡһǵĲҵҲܴļӹʱֻ¹һҵûϺͼ˶ǹĿ࿴ġ
ȻͣסŲ
ߵܰ
˵Ұܳ·Ķоˣ᲻һ𣿡
ϣ۾ܰ˼һ
㣬İ취ɣǣⲻܰԣʦүҲ˵˵Ĺҵִ̫·ǿʽ࣬ͬһʽġ·Ƿģ֯ڵģ˹һһߵؽǶ
ս֣
˴ĵطǴϡ
˵Щδչ飬϶̫ˡ
ߵƧĵطȻſʼ˵Լ뷨
а취ģеģǲ֪ǶųĻҾã䷢һ緢ɴĻֻзֻǲſ԰Ѳ۵ȥҲԽ˵Ĵ⡣ֻǣֻܾܣҵúүһֶ֣̽ܰ
ѧģֻô˵ͻȫǲܵġ
Ȼܰҡͷ
ʦүҲᡣǰȻҲ˲ٵ顣˵ûѧôֻǻᣬͿԱָ
ϣ˲
ȻģҲ֪һЩôЩӵĵطĴСߴ֮ľȷȣҿܲЩˣ취ɣ˵֪һЩĶءԸ˴Խġ
Ϊ֪ܰǴԽģ˵Ļһ㸺Ҳޡ
***
ʵһֱ֣ôһӳǺüԽˣ˵ӦôడԽߣҲζšбˡԸ˲Ҫǵĵ˾ͺá
⣬˲˳ȻЩӪĲִ̫ģʽ
ִ̫ģʽһĵĴԽãļң
ţǸ⣬Ժעһˡðɣ£ʱ£гһգһһͬĶеء
ȻôҲ뵽ΪƵʱ飬˳ؾͽˡ
󣬵һڿЩջĲʱ㷳ֹ
ôͲӣѷɴŪأ
ȻΪ¶ء
ĲϣеĺеĴΡ
õĲϣһҲ
Щϣ·۸ϲȥҲ
һʩչֶεİ·Ҳˡ
ΪֹЩ·һֱڹӦ״̬С
ǲܸϣҲʡ²ٵĲǡ
㰡˵ϵ⣬ˡ˵˵ǻðлһɴͳɡڣǹǵϣǵ˺þðΪ֯ĺãһֱϻһ죬㲻ٹˣ˵۲Ƕ˻Դô
ҲǲϿš
ҲǰҪ˵һطҲλĲĵá
һһ챻˰߼ŪˣۻûôʵĲءѾͷøϽȥ취λһԼɱ˿š


138 ͼ

⣬ȷʵ˳Ȼ
ţһҺͽ˵һȥҴ߻ˡԸһжһ㲼ϡҪ湩Ӧ˵·ءˣǸˣﲻ𰡡
˵ҲⲼ̫
Ĳˣʱȴ˿Ľӡ
ףӣȡİȡٲϻˣ
Ӱ̾
Ӱɱ˵ϵ¶ˡҽȥǲ²ôġڴڵʱ˰һͳ˵Цģҵ˺˵Ҫȡ˲ŹһЦ˵ǻûˡʱٷĲšºҾ¶ôҲþһ¡ŵ֪һҲ֪ˣǵĲϸǰء
ȻĿһ
Ҳ˵˰аǵĻԴӦ̣ȫˡǴĵҪǲˡ
ûлԴкÿĿʽҲ˰
϶ûУʲô˼·
һʱˣ˶ʶ飬鷳ˡ
ѾͷǵĶͷгˡ϶˵
ţӦġϾǲһƬطȴٵؾռǵгһ˵ĲãҲпԭġ
־ϵ飬˵ҲΪ߷˼ҵĵ⣬Ӷ˱˵Ĳ⡣
ǿѹͷأ˵ЩصˣҲڸɫˡ
ô죿ûвϣζ¿ʽҲ·һ˵Ķѵ˵Ҫ˻أ
УȻصҡͷ飬˵ҪġǷһˣǻʧȴһƬгռȨţЩ֮´УҲƵǾͷ
㷳ذ˰ͷ
ģ·⣬ôҲ˵鷳أǼԺһһвþͷڰִ꣬ôҲܸ㶨һ˰ɡ
ȻһЦǡˣ飬롣
صشܰ
ʱҲܵڿЩ
ŶһСһڻˡ
ȻʱС첲ϵػš
ءŶػӭԼ׵ĵ
СһԽԽءҲ֪ô˰ôãҲûŶǳɷء
һ뵽Ȼı
ʵͺ¶Ҳܰġ
ʼѺӽӹ
º뵽ϾǱ߾ӴǷʲôģطΣյġ
ţܰҲȰͻȥ
Ҫôڴš
޵ѣƺ߾п̫ܲƽ
Ƥһòפ޺ǵƤӣ޺ǵһûƬһյò
磬̫ƽʢһҵĵط
һңܵ˺Ŀ̫
ʴˣȻҲͬܰӾ
ֻǣҪţһʱҲ᲻á
¶Ҳ͸¡
̣үŵʱҲ˵ģȳԷܻز
һ߶㱨
ţ֪ˣ鷳ѵ˼ܵ˺ȥˡ
꣬Ȼص￪ʼͼֽ
ãʱҲء
Դӵ֪ͬһĬࡣ
Ȼںȥ롣Ļˡ
Ǹ˾˵Լô
ʱ룬Ҳֵͬ
һúõжǣΨûаʵԼ
Ҳ֪ô꣬ôġ
ŮˣҶ̽
Žӣ㻹һ̡
ţǱ߶ɡͷҲû̧æŻͼֽĳȻȫ춼ͼֽ档
չȥһۡԣߴ续ˣӦһײŶԵġ
УҲˣӦġ
ָ˼䣬ȴĳȻ̧ͷϲض
㣬㶮Ще
ӰӦػش
Ǻܶǿ㻭Ҿ֪ΪǱ߶ʱиЩû¿ȥģԼҲЩߴˡҪһҿɹǺ
ȻһѱתȦӡ
㣬̫ˣ̫ˡҲҪ㶮ֻҪ֪һ˳ߴ粻ԣһĥţ϶ܰŪġ
찡ЬˣȴþһЬӵƤ
ǵЩĴµĹ졣
ȴǵóߴ硣
ЩϸҲǲġ
ãȴܰһвȫ
һĺóֻŷ绨ѩš
ǣǰǿ๤ȻҲһЩĹߴ硣
ңһУȻҲϲط֣ļ൱ĺá
Ŷȷʵǲġǵʼѧǻܻõһء
ϧ﷢һЩʣܱ˳Ц˵СŮ˵ЦģԼѧҵ
Ҳû꣬ܵȥĵ˾Ƶд룬ʵҲڵģڵңֻ֪ǮʱЩһĵȴǲġ
Ѿͷ֪ôǸңȥ˾ǣ˵һ仰ǣˣве£ʵϣֻһռӡ㣬ŮˣԶҲܺվһ߶ȡ
˼Һ䲻磬Ҳҵ磬𡭡˵ңΪʲôҪһ
˺ӺֻóЦң˵㣬ӣôģ·ô˽ӵݣҵĸű˳Ц
ǺǺǡ
ѾͷԶһɱУõӣûֻǼ仰ܰΣӴ޷
***
㻹һֱⲻǷ
ʵ̲סĵ뷨Ȼֱӱ˳
ɲôҾǷЦĺΡ
ѾͷҪסһ˶ˣͲҪģ˼Ҽ̤ҪһسӡʵʱҶֲôһسӣ֤ûҲĺܺáҷֲǰǺҺõʱġر΢ɷֿʱЩ̬ȣˡ
Ȼʼ磬ŹֵУʵû취ͬġ
ˣ˵ˣˣͬô治Ǻһ𣿡
ǣһˣҲ²ⲻҲǷˡ
˵ģȴĳȻĪķס
ʱϷķǳ磬Զᶮġ
㣬ô룬һϣӸ顣ֻ㸶ϣջϡֻһĵű˵ĸָ飬᳤õġúõϧÿһɡ
һЦת߳ӡ
ͼֽ޸ģȷϡ
ʱһһҹǷ޸ĵͼá


139 ʸı

˭أֶͿõġҪģʱȫ˹˹ôϸ˿ô
ͼֽȻ൱ͷʹ
˼ˣȴ⡣
ܸӰһ˵ģң˵Ҽеĸ֣Ϊһ׹ŹֵĶ
ܰ̽ͷָͼֽ˵
Ȼػ
ؼˣһײܰ°͡
ߺߺԹص
˵ӰҲ̫˰ɣΪ۰ȲҪл˼ңǲ̫ɶˡ
ȻϽ˵һɶţ˵ҽ˰æĻĿô
ܰ˷ܵСҪ뷨Ҳˡ
ǰءӪһɣĹɵĺܵġһ̨ҲֻӪ˲ӪҲƢŹֵĺܣȻһʶҲЩ˶ĶȤˣΪ¡ˣô򽻵
˵ӪɣܰҲ൱ͷۡ
ģͼֽƣһ϶ϲϵġͰæһ°ɣа취˵ǵġ
ðɣ⼸ʱ䣬ȥˡ˵ӪҪȥμӼɽĽᣬãǿȥɽȥɽֻж·̣أҲѡ
ǣô˵ˡ鷳飬ȻٶЦݡ
ļ죬λ·Ĺ˿ͽ棬ҳ浣˵һºһҪĳ¡
ң˵ĹУгˣԼ˳棬Щ˲Ǳ˵
û취ʵ̫ϲЩ·ˡ
ڻӸԼŵĲϰǼӰӵԼҪ·ʽ
أĸ˼ûЩŵġ
ˣǺҲ
ôģԭЪҵĳµ꣬ȴΪλٶȼȥ
ҪģŮӻŮƣҲź
飬ûصһνηĻױ¼ϡ
ǵһλıˣڵϻصûϳ
ݵڶߵѾͷɫĽЦһӵ˰
ûҼҷ˻ظСһϽ£˵˭˭ĸҪȥͨһվȳһŵĲŵɴ۾˸
ŽȥڳһŶأ˺ү˵Ц벻ȥˡ
ãŽԺӣ㱻ֺǰλ˵Ļ˵ǽⲻһֱںŷ븮ء
ãС檵գǵøǰ԰ڣǵɪģ˵ԡŶǸ
ĶԶʹСѾͷϽ˵
СѾͷθڣſʼ˵
'ҼҷưǣϻмĺǣϷ˵ءλˣ˵λϾģһֱүϷ˵ϲҲΪ˶üһΣ˼⹫Ȼλҷ˽ȥҲû취ȻˣǾͽȥɡ
һȥԭڵӣ˲;ˡ
λˣǴؿҺͷˡҴ˵ʲôҲӦôİĿ˴ȥ˵ʲôûӽ̵֮ġ˼Ǳұӹ߻¡
˹Ц
Ȼ󣬲ҽͣ˱ؿڡ˵ϲյģûɶִֻٵ׼һС֮ģҿҲɵ˵үô˱ˡ
ֻʣүȫס˰
λôקҲûס
ϣүƤӲ˷˵
ѷһֱͣ
º󣬽Ҽҷ˶첻ءɰλĹǺҹŰΪֹλڻںڣ֪찡ͲҪҼҷ˹ȥˣ
λ˵ټԼϷת䡣
ڵ֮ĶıʣԼЩζȫո¶
һʱ䣬ʶˣ˵췭ظĸı䡣
֪һиıԴͷȻһŮӻĺгƵĸǶˡ
Ͼʱʧȴ˷ĵĸ˺ܶ࣬ൽǼĶ˼ţҪβԼó衣
תĻЩ˶ա
ңطȻܼذѸ˵ǿˣ԰˸ԼЩˡ
ȻڶǲôЧ
ЩЩ¶Щ˵Ĺġ
£вڶǲıģҲԸһ±˵¶찡һ¼ĺ֮ġ
һţ̸ġٺͳȻλƹ˵һЩﻰ
Ǻͳ˷ĵط
һ죬ȻҪ뿪ǰһҹҵ
㣬ڵĻԱԽԽˣôֻ죬˵лҲáҾãһֱȥԺͱ˵·ǵĵطˡ
ǵ뷨ɲΪǴһ˵·ǡ磬ھۻͬʱֿԵõĸı䡣磬һЩʺĽ٣н֮ġ
Ȼû֣ǿԼ뼸λʦһ棬׼ӡϲѾͷÿôʱֿۣɽ塣һҲʹﵽ˸ܳõһǵˡҪһЩ¶ֻҪڻͿɽӴЩˣٲشЩ顭һǶȫ¶
Ȼû˵ǲΪռ鱨ȻҲֻŮˣ
Ǹ˾塣
ģֻҲаѱɡ
ʱڽҪѣ
٣ðʱ˶ˣһ̫ءúã٣죬Ҿ֯õһǿ֪ǲԽֻܽнˣܸƯġ߰ɣ
ţ죬ҴľһԱĽһٰˣҾãǻŪһ׵ĽȻִô¶ǵ··ҲܲˡǿһЩ£ԣĵ֡·ҲˣˣĶѡ
˵ű㶯֣ϱ㻽λ̺֣ƣλָϹ
˴ҹĸ죬׹ŴĽ˳
ô·ôȥϲѾͷڿ·ʱͷˡ
Ȼбһۡ㴩ǲĻԺɼ˺ڡʱ׷Ҫ·ɲİ
ϲѾͷᣬǰߵвУųؽӹ·


140 

ˣأôһҲ˰˵ҪģҲӰ
***
ȥֶˣ˵Ҫ軹аĲС
ȻһŶŶҲǰûֶӣˡˣһ˸ڻ
ʵĽ٣ҲǽִһЩ裬ټнеġ
ִһʱȻҲȥһЩ㳡֮ġ
еĹ㳡裬໶죬ʱв˵Сһء
ϺɫĽٷȻʼǰĹ㳡衣
ȻͦľģţҲҵ˽С
ֱ˽һҵСʱֳ˶ˡ
ܰҲŽԼİޣһֺö˶Χһ
οȺһըˡ
ŮˣȻֻһ·ǶŤȥġ
ûһӵڿ̿ˮô
ˣǰɷ˵ر·ڻŤβŮˡ
һûأŹңܰſ
ٿЩʱٺٵЦ
˸Լصƺ󣬱кһȥ
ʵִ˶վڹ㳡裬˭˵˭
·˵˵ǵġ
ִŴĶԳ尡
˼٣ûɶġǰҲ㿴ôʵ˵ЩǲҲܺÿģ˵ٻǷֵĳôء
ܰ˵Ĳÿôĵر˻ȥ
Լϵ·ϰȦĽġ
ǺÿҲֻܵһܡ
Ȼߣ˽ļһ
ǣ޹ϵҪģϽٴξӵȰ˵
˵岻ǲôһһ˼Ҿܲ˵ġɶ˵˵ȥʵ̫˵㡣裬ͽһ𣬴һලг徢ҲиɾлһˣҪģܰáҲǱǿ㿴Ӱ
һܰС
Ů˵岻ãӲʩĥһ
ɲŲţȴһ߶ȥ
Ҫô˵ۣۣȫۡ
ҪӦȥ
ɫɶȻϽ͡װķˣ㲻ǾǰĽ·Щ׵ôǺðɣ˰ʦһ߶Һͷһ߶衣¶ľһᣬҲ֪ǻ˽һ
һǳȻҲöˡ
ڵģӲӲգǵͷĬһ顣
ҷǰ¶һǾʵĸҶȥɡ
Ȼɹȥ
ǣһĵġ
üţôˣ
ðɺɶ⣬ⲻܿϵ»ҵĹ磬ͻȻϵһˣȻ״ҿ϶û취ԲԣԲԣҪ㲻ɻȥġ
ܰҪ˵ķ񶨻ôֹ
վ֣ðɣ֪ˣִˣ鴦
ǣˡھȥˣȻ԰Ůױȥġֻһˣ˲࿴
˵꣬˸תܳӡ
ɰСˣֻܰҡͷôͻ˸ͯĵĸء
Ҳͦá
Уء
ܶһ档
˽ͯȤڷУְŶصĽɫ
㿴ʱ΢һ¡
ӴӴҵ˻㰡ĺĴԽԽϽˣɣʱĻɰǿ¥ģǱ˿¥ΪɶܾһҪƻأ
൱⣬ҲЩơ
Ȼǵһͦز
ĽʺްɣнĹ⻷ˣٷϻŽ죬Ͻϰһ
ҲǸ˵ɾ˶ȤȤ
£Ǻġ
һ
һĺӴ졣
ڵʦǣ˸Ҷ֮ġ
ǣַϾȻСгɾ͡
ֻ΢ָһǰʦҲܶҪ˼
Žϵ֣ĸĽУʹ
ڸʦǵĹŹֵУ˵ĽҲϳ
ܰⲽʵû⸾˵赸֮ġ
ǣСˣʵǲġ
϶˷һʱҲܷһ㲻ǡ
һ·ĵطܰԼˡ
һ
㣬Ҿöܹһ㣬û⡣ĸǾЩˡɣһǽýһ衣ģǵð赸˳ȫźˣԼʵˣ˸һһ飬ҪŽһУ㰡˵Ժѽ̻ˣԺ˺ͳǻپٰ֮İʱĸߵ¥ҲԸ̨ء
ţ취й治ôãǵгй滮а¥ôҲֻ򵥵ֵĵطֳߵ
ЩƵػء
⵹Ҳǣطд̣ҲϰʤˡԸ̲ҪٴҿǼһƬطء
һ߶˵һ߶
ʼܰҲɶô
ֻֽӲġ
ɶһҲȻ
أԽԽ˳
Ƕˮģ׽ôôû䣬˵ĺܡ
ųǸԾתСˣܰЦˡ
ǵס
Ҳܰİޣټį
һͦá
Ȼĸֵĸˣܻżͷһ
Ҳò˵ܸӵķḻ
йڱ߾⣬ȥûٶȥ
ת߳ӣտտġ
ؼ䣬µĲȾһ˿˳
СϲƬطΪһƬطػá
ڳƤ͹ڵļϸøϽС
ʱƤݻϡ
ЩʲôֱⳡսĻ
Ůؿ˵š
֣޵òš

š
ͬ۾ԺǵӰȥ
ֱˣŵȻз۾ɨ»Ůˡ
ˣһܺã൱Ŀ֣Ҫ͸׼һ𡣡
ͬŪ󱳵ָͣ£ЦӦ
Ŷ

о䵭൱Ĳ
̧ͷһ


141 Խ˵Խ

֪ģǻǸסҵӦһֱͲһλסֻһ£ףҲġ
ʵϣڵְȷʵףҺ֮䣬ҲһʱӶѣ̫̫ˡڸ磬ҪϹ
ŻЦȰ˵
ţҪɣ˼˵Ǹףƭ˼ҵģҲˡ˭УūİأһһֻٺһֻҪ㲻˼ңɡ
ˮ۾촽š
Ŵڵдųԡ
ֻͬǳһЦ
±ϣȫ֪Լʲôˡ
ֻ϶ߵˡ
ԽǱֵĲںԽǾãİԼġ
Ϊż¶ģǷ֮
еһУֻ˵жమԼж
һףһòصˣһֻעڳЦжȹ
ǣİǷϵ
ܾãϣŷһջ
ȻȫʹѣŴǸִžƱˣôҲȥҸ˵һǵ顣
ˣ¡
һƤйȥ
ͬõеĻݵϢֻԳ
һɵһĴڣϷٯգٯϷҡ
ľƣͬͻȻǷܹˡ
ͻȻ䣬ȻЩǸһ
Īģ뿴
˼أȥ
ǶȻҲһŵ񣬵ȴ˺ü
ȥʱкſˡ
Щš
ͻأصһ㶣ϽһϲѾͷˡ
λ󸾸˺Цͬ
ôˣطʺġ
ѹһ۲ԶЩƤĻ
ͬ˴ǲ֨
һǺڵĿ¡
λӣ룬ȻǴ󲿷ֵ·Ǹ˵ģҲżһЩ˵ķΰ߶밡
˵ţѶͬߴӭȥ
ЩҪͬȴһôүҪһЩ·Ҳ㱨
ҪڵĻһ˲ŵĹڵϡ
ֻйµġ飬ôţɡ
Ϊ׵һλĿĻϽ˵꣬һת뿪
Цλ׹ӣ˼ǵóʱȥô
ˣȻò绨ˣȴЫ
ȥԼҲͰˡ
ֻ£Ҳøṵ̋
еĻڡ
ֻЦӭŶͬȥ
һ񣬶ͬת
Ǳ߶ôˣǲǷʲôش飿
㲻ؽ͵ʡ
֪ΪΣ챻˽ţȻֿڳԵ󡭡
֪ΪΣ챻˽ţȻֿڳԵ󡭡
ͬ˵
ֱߵȾЩһ졣
üҪ

ûϷŪģӵĽء

ǣһ˲Ҳ
ΪĴ߰Եס
ֱȫֻ§
˵ĺһϢơ
ðЩ˻Ƶߡ
ͻȻˡ
⻰ҲŮ˻ôתߡ
һ˴ӻҡΣڶ
˺ð죬Ŵ꣬ǶЩ΢ʹ
ղŵһУʵķ
ҿϷˡޣ϶Ϊ˿ĺϷģôԡ
ҧһһ㯡
һɶ̼ˣôңߵʱ򣬺˵ͻȻˡȻǷӣѾġ
ͬǷӣȫǷӣʮ˴Ƿӡ
Ůֿʼˡ
ѽа˵λǸĽǶ֪ͬҹң᲻Σհ
ôһ룬ŮҲû취
һ£ϲѾͷƵط֣ӣһǳ
ΪߴģƫƫҪק˼ȥ·
Ҫ·ģҪųȥΪ˼ұȻ
õãӰϽȥЪȥɡɫԵǾ񲻼ð
ϲѾͷٿȥһ߶졣
ҪأȻڼҡ
λֱߵġ
ϲѾͷ޲Լʮȶæ
ʵǣ⣬̫̫˰
̧ͷؿҪһ߶ˡ
죬һ˵ȥģ
֧ţͷŤ·
ϲϲѾͷֻȥڵǸСлӣ˵˵СлˣҾȥ
죬˲ĵػõһ̣Ϳ
ǰһСؼңǲ÷ߡ
ǰ죬ֻȥ·˩һлӡ
Σ˼Слӵˡ
ϲѾͷһ
ȸɻ˵ˣȰѻҪûԵġ
ܲ˵سϲѾͷһתһͷҲ
ôˣ˵˵ô¶˵˵ҹԹ˹˺֮ġأôͿң
ϲѾͷĵıˡ
һҲûܸܰһΪҲһʱء
ڵ浱СһϲѾͷ߿࣬Ҳͬķġ
ɲô˰ûĵľӶ࣬˵˵ҺүһôˣأҲ׽˴ʱŴ졣ְ̺ˡ˵Сһֱˣô͸ûҪһءҪҵʱһлҪʱүһһ߶ȥš
ϲѾͷͷҲǣһмģӴ
ѽѾͷΨһһλҵģ֪ҵ˶ء˵ҲǣòҲһıҰ㿴㣬ʼӵİɣô̵ָˣž˰ɣǣƺҲû㵱˶˵˵ȥǿɶû˿Ķ۵ūŰ
˵̫ˡҲãǣ֪λûҷļĵһλһǻǺã˰
ѽѾͷҲ˰Ȼ㱧Թţֻүһ˺ء㿴ңôˣвٵջ֮ģҲᶯġֻۼүӺãԵĲɵģ۾ǲء

ˣԽ߿࣬ԽǷֱ˴˼˵ĻզôĶء
ǺˣԽ˵Խ


142 ̥

ֱչʱ˻²һ˵ȥ
죬ʱڶСлԶء
Сл˫Ĵ۾мؿ
һһ硭̫ã磬̫ˣôôôôİ
Ļţ˷ܵӴ
ǧŽлļ򣬡׶䣬ģұ¹ôģҲʹ뿪ġһٷôġ͸ŴˣҲҪȥһڷĳԵġ
׶˷ܵؾ֣лл磬мģֻϣԺҲҪźá
ɾЦݣٺٵЦһΣģҪλƯĹá
ҪԼš
ͷҧǿͷʱȴűЦݡ
ģôһҵ̣ȴһɵӵơһܳˡ
ڼ˶˸ԵйæµʱȻܰȥ·ϡ
Ϊ˷˵нһγУֻܰڰš
ڱˣ֮СӣǴҲûġ
Ҫ˵ɣŴŸҲܷһЩǡ
ڳȻ£ܰĲˡ
ҪճȻ뷨һγΣ˵Ķ֮С
УСѾͷ֮ģôҲò
뷨˾ôˡ
ͷһ죬ȻǺ²ġ
ȻŻţиĵ§ţôҲõĻѽ
羰Цٶһ࿇˧
ôҲ
ȻסջʱȻͺͣˡ
أҪȣ̫ˣаỵģỵġ
أһ
ĴСУٿΧŵȺԽԽࡣ
˴˸ʾһֹ
һ᲻̫۶ˣ
ȣ̵Ľл˵ǼǶԵӢµģˣֹЩˡǵְֻΪ˻ȫǵİȫ
һֵܣðɡ
ֵܣȫҶֵܣʮ˴ֵܡ
һ
һǣֵ飬ֻĸİ
ޣѾĲĸģȫҶĸģϱҲȫĸģһ飬Ҫҽн֪
һðɣ֪һˡǶԺͽ椶ˣҪ˵жҲСŶʶͦаģٺ١
ѾĲǶ
һУ㻻ʵваȫǲǶֵġԣǶ椶ġ
ӴһҲѾģ
£С糡ݸһ䣬ϲ׿Կһ԰ԩҶĸ鷢չ
̫ѽ
ɲôŮ˵ĽҲʵ갡Ĺ¹֮˵Ķĺ޲ȥ§¥СҺš

ȣ㰴Ħһӣѽѽǿȥ¥³ʳˣ߰ɣһأҷˡ
˳һȦˣùԼʱ
ЩˣøԼزвʱȻˡ
ӦǸղŵĽлᣬһʱ䣬СҲߺ
ǵ¶̫ͷġ
ܴĸλǲһЦȭͷ
λӣλ羰ء
ءϾȻַ˼Ҳ޼¶
ɶоͦεġ
ʱ磬ִôĿţڱȻСһʡһʱ䣬ܶ˶
վǰļλװİͷεĿҪԶȥ
ܰɨһǼλͷûֹȻĳ
⼸λϲˣ֮İҲͣءһ˵ȥҲβء
û¾͹Ȼ˼ҷ޼¶Ȼͦеġ
Ӷ顣
ǼλͷԭֻһĴµġ
룬ֳײƾͰˡ
ǱСûû˵ĳš
Ϊ׵λźɫ·ͷʹӵ۶
ޣǾôģСˣû´Ľеţ˼ˡб£֨
Ȼüһܰȴס֣弸λͷһЦ
λˣˣǲҲӦɢˡ
Ͳ˼ٴءôһϽˡ
Ϊ׵λͷߺߵص˳Ȼһۡ
ȵһ뿪ˣȻ̯֡
˵һİҵء֪ˣǴš˵˵ΪʲôҪڣΪʲôҪҰǾֿŵĽ
ܰһЦǺɫ·ͷķٶȷӡ
ãȥǸᣬܷˣ
Ȼ˼һ£ܣأ㲻ǿ˰ɣǣ˭أѲɣһˣȻһã˼ҷ޼ķ¶ҪĵԣԺһ£ǵû¾ǵķ°Ҫ
ȻصĿ顣
ܰԴҲκεء
̯֣ҪˣмȷʵǾë⼸ˣԼƽŮˣǾϲôŵģۣһﾫֵļһճһС֯Ȼһ˸ɡΪ˽һЩɵĻö֮ģһɣҲͳˣǽкܶ˶˵ġӪ
һȺԸƧˣһֻΪ˴˼ĹƧڽУҲһţǾǹ̥Ӫ
ЩֵĻдǮȫΪ˵ĹƧȻһˣһģرϲоһЩϡŹֵĶ
ǣʱֵľǷһģΪоĳһܹŹֵĶо֮࣬ΨһĹƧ͵͵ռȵȡһͬİá
̥ܰӪ¶˵󣬳Ȼβˡ
˺ðŻعζָ¥µһӡ
ңңҵүɱ˵һȺˣǳ˰˼ҷ޼ķеĻռŮ˵ĶǶаȣ֮İɣ
ҪǲǵÿǲҪһˡҲɶ˰ɡ
ǣܰĻش嶯Ѫ
ĲŶӣ֪ģ̥Ӫʮˡ
˰е˿ᰮռɵֹƷеģǰռĸеģռһЩֵĳӡǻɶãʵдʵ


143 Ƨ

ȻۣҲ˵һˣпռ˼ҵĶǶ֮İáҲ£㲻ǰռôҿԹƧתƣ۵ʱǵעתˣһоͽ⡣ˣ²£ֻҪܸ㶨һˣһгҲֵõġ
ܰбŮ˲԰׵
Ϊʲôָоʱʵͦڵء
ҲŶһŸֹƧõĹߣôҲİɡ
ޣġںô
ʡ
Ȼϵظ֤ںνĿѧ˹ܸôһëġҪǵİãˣͶˣƶһƻھȥһ˵ȥôģ
ܰ룬·һء
ҲУ߰ɣҺʲô˵ǡ
ȻתҨһѵͼֽߺߣȻһ˶йƧǣ㲻Ҳ˵˵ôһ˶һͬ㣬ǾǶʹ֮ģ൱ȤҪģͶá취ȥǵĸֹƧã磬ǼæĽŲմأһ˵ǻ˼ô
СЦ൱
һʱ䣬ܰЩ
ֹ˹ıӣ㰡
͸޾ĳζ
ٺ١ûϵŶ˵̫ˡϲ˼ҵĻ
һ仰ĺߺߵģбһۣʵڵ˵ĵ뷨
ֻǣȥѡ
ðɣ˳Űŵĸо治
ǣ֪ССģȻʵĳŵζ
¥µĵֺŷ棬Ϲֵںߺ߲ͣ
Ϲ֣˵˵һСƤƤˣô˵Ĳ˼ءѽӴԽԽء
һ廰
ʵ˼ƺҲû˵ǸСˣﰴĦʱ򣬻һȺϵˣҲ̫İա
С⻰һһȺıӴ
ޣСûȥˣ˵ҪǰѼЩŹŮ˵ĶǶҲ˵ˣ˵˵˵˵
СֲҿˣٺͶ׼򿪷ȥ͸ȥ
һţһƯ˹Źֵ
ȻشǰСĵģڸղ˵ѲضǶĴʱҲһֱ룬ˣ϶ġ
ȻǰλСᣬ˼ҳļÿİ
Ǵ͸ѩһİ𪼡ĽаԵīɫǳ͸һĺɫһȴ˸Ը䵽ҡü续ôҲǿģֻ£ŷɻϸϸĶꡣ
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У͸һаԵʹջ
һˣȴһȺ̥һԱ
Ȼܰе㷴Ӧ
ʱܰͬЩƶصǰλС֡
壡
ֻһνȴ˵Сֵͺ
ˣһֵļơ
˵˭أ˵˭أ㣬вŮŮģ˶𣬰ҿȫʮ˴ȫ
һڰҧĶ䣺ȫԷԿһԶ
ޣСҵĴʶߣһطǺ췢ߣ֮ΪĴڡˣ̫ˡ
ļλϹ֣С˺Ҳӿ˳
ӴӴⲻλ˵Сôôģأ
һָųȻҪһŤ
֮˵ŤҲǲüʮָһָ
ͣóȻ˲뵽˹̫ǣвŮŮġ
ðɣ磬ǲġӣֻ˵ġ
ȣ˼ңͲôƯҽ̵һе͡С氡һȺĹ˼һɵĶҿ̫ˣǱ㱣һЩͼֽ˵λӪˣҲһͬɵĶǡ¸λѽ
ȻЦһߵֱܰӰͼֽ̿˾ܾҲǾܾķݡ
ǣһһûյЧ
Ϲء
һ뵽ԼһͣСߣôҲþ
ߣߣǲɶӪˣλߴˣߴˣǻǻȥһЩɵӰաˡ಻ˡ
ͷƢһĴ
Ȼܰ˱лһ档
ܰþֱӶǶͼֽչĻġ
λ治˾ҲбһλһֱһֱͷĹЦЦġ
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ߣͣﶶŵͼֽϡһ۾ˡ
ȥȥ˵ˣˡһ˼ңƤء
Ϲֻڲϵˣ˾Ϲȴ໵ļ
֣Ͻʲôҵ찡ô󣬹ʵû˾ɵĶôСĲʲôģԲӵĶƺǿתİѵ˵Ҫһرİ󣬲Ҫʲôģ
Ϲ໵߶ϽҲչһ
һҲ档
һʱ䣬İ˸Ϲ֣ȫΧ
ȻسܰĴָ
ðɣ̸㶨ЩǵԼ˲С
Űɣһǿ϶㣬ҪĶء
ҪŵС֣Ҳ˵ɵͼֽƺ󣬸˻
һȺ˾ͼֽ۲ݡ
Ҫ˵Ҫһ֣Ӧһ
ԣԣҾãӦһ֯Ķ
ɬС֣˵ôĶôǱ֯Ķء˴ˣ̫ᣬ°
Ҫ˵µһŹҵ
;ҲˣԲԡ
ѽһ²֪ʲôô
ȿͼֽ˾Ϲһͱߵ֣һȺֹͣۡ
λҲ֮ǰͳȻĲ죬ȫΧŷˡ
˵Ͻ˵˵ͼֽʲôģ
ǰǰҪ˵ҪʲôаһĹǮͿԸ㶨ǵġáǵһЩģΰİòС
СҲΪȡô
㰮ðС磬˵˵ɶð
ȻСˣܵ˵Լİ
ֱ׵ĵʣСﻹ治ҵ˵
ԸȻ˵ǣҲǷǵƤһ֡
һʱ䣬Щ֧᲻غ߹ͣ
ǣСҲǱѰһ߹Ҳһж
ôģһȺ˵İãˡǽӻĹزƻˡ


144 

һߵϹǣҲӦ
Զԣ֮࣬ǵİãҪġǹ̥ӪҪܽܣǾͽҪȻǾʹȥɡ
һϹһûӣֵĳȻֻܸɵۡ
ֱСǵİȫдһѶ󣬳Ȼһ
ӴӴ⻹Ҫء
Ҫһܿ𰡡
ʲôռʮλͬͣݲһĹĶǶ
ʲôҪռɵСķ糵ʽ
ҪôʲôĴʽ
ڣһЩҪרԼֵֻƧá
Ȼ֮ǰ׼Щ˻İãȻǱŵĳһ
Լ
̧ͷɨЩɫưĹǡ
Ц̧˺һֽҪ
ЩҪҲҪӦǽӲҲ̸ΪһͼֽҲĹ˵죬˷ǵʱ䡣ߣʧһȻ˼Ĺء
ܰϵͼֽ
һߵ˾ǲקֽͼֽһӡ
ܰɨһۡ
˾ѣ鷳̧֡
˾ϹڨڨأڴͷɥĹǡ
ʵЩãǿˣǼһȣУͼֽǶͦϲģҷ˵ЩĹҲ֪ʲôˣȻܳԽӪˣ
һ㣬ҲǄ˲ĵط
һ㣬ҲǄ˲ĵط
Ҫ֪һȺˣǱй˵зܹɽš
һֱЩĸǱŹš
ֻΪһĶڵãλСջһء
žӣӡ
ǰһȺ½ԱȡһһȺĲĶˡ
ǴڣСС
ͷƮͣزڳȻǰ˵˵ȺʲôˣǿԺǱԣˣһӾͰʦǡ
ȻЦſһȺˣñˣҲһ֣һȺҲСķϣһǷȰһ䣬ȥˡȥȰʡĶˡӪ˵һź
ⷬĻɰѹˡ
λĺһһεġ
ޣСˣΪǲ֪ľϲ⡣Щôһ񶾵ļıҪ̼ǣãǻľͱˡϣȻ˱ӪˣһΣҵҪ۽磬磬ǾͶӮΣ
ܰüҪĴģɲҵȻܲӮ
Ȼ
ĪģԭĵôΪС

Ц̼ǡ
ţעҲа磬Ǿ¸עɡ˵ģһͿôõļա磬ǾһİɣĽˣһӣǶΪǵİöܶ
ν⡣
ڹϲĿű˴ˣӶԷ￴⣬Сֱŵͷãôˡ
ܰǹӪˣֻΡ
ܰ˵ţҲǸ̾ѡ
λأɵ˵ð
ɨһܵˣһȺǴ˴
Ц
Цôһˣû˭Ӯġҷ˵ģֻһӴҪӮǣܡ
ȻӻЦӯӯؿڳˡ
¿ûԵİȻǶעǾͰעǫ̈̄ඡ磬С飬ˣҲһȫ飬ģҲЩĵĻġҪģȫһЩûӴģûֵĶ
ٶȡһЩͼֽһһ̳¿
ǰǣΪҪģҲųˡ
˶ΧǰſЩͼֽ
һܰһȺˣȫһЩӪɻеȺ
һһЩС
֣Ź֡ôЩ൱ľʣȴҪһʲô
ޣһֱͼֽϲ
ҿͼֽĻͦӱģһĿȻҲȷʵĺܡҲûҪװһʲôѵ˵һԲĳһĶǣʲôֹŹֵ֣Ӧǳߴ֮İɣȴ
һȺΪԼͼֽüȴ˷ܵĺܣȻЦˡ
Ҫģǳв԰Σʱ򣬱˼
ܰ˲С˵Ĺ뷨ò̾С˰ǹƶˡ
ССģû¾ͷŸӸˡ
һСģһȺǸŪȥء
߰ɣȳȥתתһȺˣƽǲٳԷˡܰǣ˳ӡ
ЩͼֽҽǲˣסҪŪˣǻɲٸµͼֽඡ
Ȼȥʱֹ˵ķԸ
ڹĽأĹ˵ϻ
Ϲﲻͷһ֣ȥȥСС˼ң¸ҾҪķҵء
ȻһЦܰһ˳ӡ
⣬ƻŨɫ죬һ졣
ܰȴûǽҡͷ
ۡˣңҲЩϵġȻǰöһһһ˫ˣҪǸлӣҲû취ϵġ
ȻţЦļթˡ
սʵָ̹ܰȻЦ
ǣ˭ǰҲ룬кӶʨӣèʵһЩա
Ȼ͵͵ֺǣһ˫۾Ц˶Զ
ۻбҪʢĵطȥôһǻȥ
ǣһջĺԺȥ
ԺȻŪĲǺܺÿҲһƬ˵֮ġķ򸾼䣬Ĳ԰ҲǼķ羰
ȥģ˸ˣҲһˡǵ˵ģ˫̥ﻹû֡ƣһǰȥ˫ġˣǺﰡһ֮ģܻ㣬֮ģ൱ľһЩСɵĲ֡Щҿ˿һܰ֯
ִĺܶĲ̫ھϸˡ
˾ϸĶͱиյ˲ĳ
ԴˣȻҲǺġ
Ҳ͸ӵĺ档
һȺ˶ǹǹеĹɣ
ܰҡͷţ˫ǹеĹһϲ󷨳ԵĺܡһϲܡοܣάάФģˡ˴˵
ܰ˵ȥɫҲЩɵĺ졣óȻ漫ˡ
˵ʲô
ȣôӶˣߣҳԷȥ
ܰȴҶ־ߡ


145 㶨

Ȼ̧ͷģʱų˷Ϊʲôôֶˡ
ɫ΢ӣʵҲͦÿġ
һȻҲ͵ȥˡ
ܰ˵ģҹһȺﻹû۶
ڶһģȻڴأ㱻һ̾
ǰСļӣȻŹǷ
˵ﰡ㻹˯أ˺ΣǲµĶ𣿡
СٺٵЦذͼֽǰ
ϳϳˣССĲȻһŮõָ׵ĹߣЩ̫СˣҺϲ
һ˵ţǺɫĳһһ˵ġ
һǺ˵˰ĺܡ
Ǹˣƫƫȴǰ޷˵İá
Ȼҡͷߴ˵תƿ
ţȷʵһŮõļָ׵Ĺߡ˵ʲôأһָ׹ߣȻĥһϡȻΪӪܹɽҿǰϹء
СЦһͣüһҪ̡
ȡǡʱܰ߳
ȴһϰ
һʱ䣬СҲ֨ˡ
һǹӪˣܳʵˣЩƵ̫ˣһʱû
ȻЦȻ֪Լһָ׹ߣȻƼ򵥵ĺܡ
Ȼʵϣȴһ׺ָܾ׹߰
ǰѷƵʿǴŵӣдָ֮Ķ
ʵ治ǹҪΪһ˵ġ
Ҫֹ̫ڼ򵥵Ķ˼һۿˣ㻹ôȥæ
ôģΪܳɹջסһȺӪˣֵذǰһЩõľɵ˳
Щ齨۷һȺˡ
һֻ£ͲȥԼӪؿˡ
ܰʶ͸һ㣬Ҳйڱ¶
Թǵ˽⣬ֻҪЩͼֽ񫣬ʱ򣬲ıȥæƶġ
ðɣΰĹǣʵҲֻΪȤ̫ŨԲŻ˳Ȼһ򵥵Ĵ󵱡
СҲȻƽϣֱ؁Ȼ
Ůˣ˵ʲôΪʲôһָ׵ҲƵôľɣҾû㾫ϸ£ܵĶҪеȫķɣʡٵ顣磬ԿŪһףָ׹ߣԿ֮һ𡭡
Ȼһģͼֽʱ򣬾һԿ׿֮ġ
˼С뵽һ㡣
ò˵ǸоģôһϵİĲܰһЩϸĩڵĶŪ
ȣ˵ĶԣʵȷʵǺԿ֮һ׵ġ
ȰƳԺٰһļһƳһȥһɹˣţıĴĹˡ
⻰ν
ܰ۾ѩ
Ҳü
Ҫ֪ȻԽʶĿԽ˵ĲĿӡ
ûϾã̫ˣһǻ
ģ̫أǸıԶֶϴǿ϶Ȥġ͹СǿɲһȤȸһ㲿ҿܲ˵ϴ󡣡
ȻôȰ˵Ҫβſ԰Ϲշء
С˵ĳȻЦеأʼ֣ٻһЩϸС
Щÿһĺܡ
ֻǻ˰һĹСĿɿڴġ
ãã˾ĶǿǸʲôģͼֽ϶Ȥġñˣǿ϶ܸ㶨ǰ˵ġ
治ˣȻЦʡ
ˣˣͳЩͼֽҲϲȻбİãЩ߾ĲȣЩãԺԲƵġ
СһӣһԵ
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ﲻؿԼС㣬ʣȴԷ֡
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˴չˣ㲻ö̫񡣲ģȴƤѾͷǱȲϵġ


146 ô

ЦǰΪ磬ǣǣС˵ǣ˭ҳϰҲȲġ
ȻЦţȴһ˿
ţ飬ֻǱȥ죬ҪģǵȥźáǸ˵װ磬ɫϣ֮ǰλ֮Ƚϲ˵ġһһӵȥŰաˣһҪ֪еĹȥδ
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㣬ҾͲˣЩ¶ô̵ȥ¶ǵ괦Ĳͷɵޣϱ̬ҾͶĵķҲԲ¡ˣ˲ҲգһγԺúõһ
ܶСԹһſʼԷ
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㣬㰡˼ҲҲǹ㰡ˣʳţ¥ķˣ治ôһܸͦǸ֪ĳĻ֮ġǸζŲˣĽкó԰
һᵽԷٶûθڡ
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⼸ƹżĲҵôºˣȻ⵱õˤӣݣ˵˵˶ô˵ģŮ˰ܵȨġ
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ʱ˸˼ңºǼ˸ӣвмĺӣҲĮ࡭
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һУϰ

Էˣ̧ͷĨȥϵˮ
ҪԷҪȥǸӡ
С㡭㣬ͱȥ˰ա
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˵ţＤˡ
⣬СͨأСһɾϣء
ǣڿԷɫЩ
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ΪΪϷȻһ£̫˸ǳɫϵš


147 

ڣССԴӿ˴󣬺ءֻ񲻵õģİɣһжõء
Ϸ˵ͷؿͭװͷİ׷Ҳһ̾
˰ԽԽСʱӡǻӵƤʵ졣߶ˣȴ˵ֱºĶ˵ˣһװŲ֪ǻӵɰ˼ҿء
ǺǣСӵʱĸƤʵġүǰΪģҲټġ˵ĴүүɶģСʱƤŵء
ŰǿɲôϧǼȫǱɫͿӹǵˡܸԽԽඡһȥϾǼңҲ֪Т˭ǰȥ
Ĭûӻ
йڸһЩ¶ܲ˵Ͳ˵ġ
һߵĴӽӹ
ˣϷˣ˵⼸ӰŶءǰΪʹү˼һֱڴ˵ۡūȰһӣ˵ǲǵǲҪٲš
һᵽϱҪٲ¶Ҳġ
ţǾȥɡһŮģҲܸ˶ܼңԽԽûඡȥ˶ϡ٣δأ
¹ԭҪȥģҲı̵ȥ
ɨһۺЦǰ·Ĵ̾һ
ȥȾš
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⸮ΨһϵˣҲүˡ
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Էĺ󣬺ޣƵȻĸڴ󷿶ȥ
ڿϻצӵĴ̣һ˵Լˡ
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ź֣дСѾͷǣһ߶æµ̺š
ʱıæµĳ
ӣɵŵ㰡˵˵ģڶ̰õĵ̥ܶء
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һҪ޲޵
ҲȳƣǸ˶ĶӣԲĸһġ
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ȻȻ˵լ棬һɷǿۼءǴǲֻ£ۼ̶ĺӣᡭ᲻İ
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ڣллڣһΣǸһҪǰǾˣɾһúúõشˡ⺢ǲܳȥˣأҿôԵŰ
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148 

ʲôˣô϶㱨ɷ֮˵Ϊ
ˣ⸮ﲻɾҲİ
أڣ¶ǲԸ˵֮ǰ֮ǰ϶ⲻҿԽԽأҲƴǰˡ֮˵ǹɷǷ˳壬Ϊϣ϶ȥͨ¶ȫ䣬º־аӲôˡ
ãˣҧ
̬ƺԽԽ
۾ŲѵڣŹڵϵĶ̡һȺˣѲˣ
ڣҲȥա
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ۣǰλѾͷصͷ
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149 Ľ

Ҳ˵ˣҪӲСðɣ֪ˣԭˣҲǸ
ȻƲ죬ʹ𣬲ǲġ
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ȻˡģЩ֮ԴԴȥѡͼģʵҲܹҫš
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ĳνζְζţ뽭ʿţӴ˵˻ʼֱĳԹҷĹҹԱ
ðɣǵ͵ִ˿ԱְƵһ
ˣ˿ѡҲû̫Ŀͷˡ磬һѡУģǮ֮Ķá
Ҫ쿪ֱܰӰԵ§
ͺҹԹԵڱǮ֮ģġ
Ȼ⣬Ȼǽһƽ
ҲǣѵһΣǺܰˣ˼æʱΰ
Щģ˾ʹĵο͡
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һ磬Į˫ۡ
磬Ͻ͡
һ磬һ֦

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ããλ˵԰λȻƻӭ
ôԶңϻ˵ĳ֣Ķδ̫˵ɡ
Ȼз۾λɫŮò˵Ůףĺá
һͷĺɫֻһ
ƯŮӣִ϶һӦĴڡ
ȻʱΪĳֻ߳ᱻ磬󿴹һĿ
Ǹ췢ħ˵ŮҲĴڡǷĳҰµء
ӴˣҴسҹ䰡ڵ£۲Ӵ
ָˣûĸ˻ҪġģȫһЩһؾ·ˡ
ԼŮˣǲҪǰһ˾Ѫɲء

ЩۣȻΪλﲻֵ
˵úõһλŮӣΪͷ쳣㱻˾֮⣬Ӵ˵ħ
磬ǲǵ˱ĺӣҲᱻ˲ƽضԴأ
λˣлл񣬵ǣһĺܺã⣬Ҳܡ
֪ڳȻ˼ʱӭĹ󷽵˵һ
Ȼɴ۾ֻԽԽλˡ
С֪Ǳĸˡ
˳ָͿ
㵱ԼǸʲô˰ֻǿ㣬㣬㵱˼ǺĿˡĳ̬ޣúøţʷϳҡʲôŮ𣬰Ů𣿡
ȫСֻãҲ̫˰ɡ
ȻҧܰĶ䡣
ƾŮ˵ֱҾãСֺλӦ鷢
ԵģҲôΪġܰһθӵİԡ
λ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣҺλ˵¶ˣ㿴ű޶ˣһټģҪ˷ʽ𱾹עĿС磬˵ǻԵأҲǺһĺ췢С磬ǾͽһССһء
˶˵λȴ˵㵨ӼķĻ
ȻôôڵϷСﰡ
ͬؿСɫɷȻקֱܰۡ
Ҿãλ飬ԽԽˡ
ֻܰһۣҡͷ
ʵ˵λﻹ̫һľа
㣬㣬㲻ҪС˰죬³һ
С磬ͬĺ췢ķϣͲƽѽˣڣҪˡιһһƣŮֳԸΪūΪΪ̴ӣֻҪӵ׼һɰѱؼȥҪͨС檣ůūţȫλүǵϲֻҪһģ԰ѱؼȥඣڿʼѽ
ǹһߺȿٶȰѳȻĵ°Ͷ
ԼԼģλδ̫˰ɣ
ִҲԼġ
ĹǹŴ
ڻɣˣҲǴִԽġҲ̫˰ա
ÿ궼ûһ˸Сٶֹ
ȻֹСȻļζ
ףСǰİ
ǰӣÿִᣬһءʼϵȥҪС檣Ҫ֮ͨġҲ֪ôģ˼ٰӣٰ˳Ϊֹ꣬һֱԼ֪꣬᲻ɵϵġ


150 ӴӴ

СֹͣȴؿĴ
飬ôҲڡİ
СλԵĸоһ
λҲ˼Ȼ
ȱǮԼ
ֵܿˣԽԽࡣ
ҲҪǣܵ۲ϡ
ѽÿ궼һװҲʵġҼǵãȥλүǻȥİؼһˣڵĿ췭ظİºһǰһ
ԶԣҼǵãȥǼҺҲǰֺٰһӵİҲ֪ôģԴλһ˵ĺլôҲƽǽλС檺һλС檴ܣǴ󷿵Сڡ֮λĴүԴԺ󣬾ǷҲܳһġΪˣλү󲻵òƣҲû취˰ɡ
ŮˣƯǺɫһĴڰˣլ϶Ǹ̥
ˣŮôƯҲǲҵȥġǺλǰүһģķӣɶҲûĺôⲻǿô
ɲôŮҲбµģȻ궼¶УΨһֱϰ
ܵˣʱҲˡ
һʱ䣬̨ϵĺ췢ô⣬飬Ȼһ𲻺á
ûһ˽м۶
ܰҪקԼС뿪ʱ룬⸾ȴһ̽˼ۡ
һ
ֳˣȫ
ܰǺ
ҪŮӣɶ
ȱһӣǾãºɫǲҪлȥ
лȥˣⲻ¶ô
ȻȻȴǰס֡
㲻ãȱһλôһӣ˼Һòð
Ȼ԰Ӧһ̣ȴʧ顣
УŮˣǲҪˣôơ
ԭͼˣһǸ˰
Ҫ
˵ȻȻҪҪ˵ر
һʱ䣬˶ˡ
̨ϵĹ΢ȣǺǵЦˡ
ò˵һЦ
վȺУһЦһͷɫĳƮҡһ˻ھ
һʱ䣬˵񣬶ס
ҪҪū
췢欵ʡ
˫ֵ۶ܰϡ
ȻûӦأܰͺҪ
СҲƲɧ
̨ϵŮӣ欵۶һٶ䵽Сϡ
һΣȻġм䡣
ô뺷ĹԽǳЦԽǿط
ȻģλҪ¡㣬ϰҵ۹⡣
һ˫۾õƲ
֪ΪΣԭִţʱգ˵ͷ
õ֧֣Ȼ
Ҳһ߰ɡ
һ߰ɡ
ȻʱԶһλ
ţһλŮݸ췢һƱ
˳ŮķȥֻһϣһλĹӣҡЦźɫŮ
λүĽһӴ
ûԿòĵ͸ֵϱ̵֦к£кϷϣòỬĳϸ٣΢ԵЩģڼ⣬¶һ͸û覴õѩ壬úܼ򵥵Զ벻͸̲صķḻֻǰǳЦţЦڷͬˮʢһе㲻ʵƺһĵ޵΢
һעĿˣһ˿һ۾ͼǵˡ
СڿʱȭͷȻ߬
Ȼڿʱֻһ̾ˣˣƯŮʹ군ˡ·ʷϳĳҧʵ̫бǮˡ
ֻǣҪٿڶʱ۾㱻ܰס
һ壬ԭе㱻ܰ
ֻҷҵϡ
⣬ǲ̫Ũһ㰡˼ֻǵһغߡ
Ŀ飬û˵أ㱻ǿеൽ˻
ڣϢҲˡֻҵϢ
ҲУ
ȻۣӴǲ̫Ե˵
̨ϵĺ춹ƺҲͻȻֵ˾ˡ
ǣɫͱĲҰ׹졣
˼أȻһЦͷһ˦ֱ𵽳Ȼǰ
ˣһҸˡ
λүϵЦݣįȻ
ߵŮͲ
ߵŮͲ
ޣʲôգܱǼүϣĸүɺãȻĵģүĹȥ⵱ū澵Ҳȥˡ

λүغУǣѾͷûͷ෴Ļĸʵˡ
ǵǼү̫̫ôޣүҪɣŲءүֵôΪ㵱ġ
˵ȥү¥ȥ
үԵŭˣһȳ⣬ŵū澵ͺȵˡ
ź춹Եĳ˳ޡ
ȻüקקܰӴӴ棬òƻкĸ𰡡ȻﰡǶӰϷɣ
ҪǮĺ춹üЦݲ䣬ˣһӣԸ⣬ū澿ɵԼӴ
ȻϽһƱ
һҳȻˡ˭Ҫ۸㣬˵
ţֻҪߵĺ๫˲۸ū澣룬һ˻治󵨵۸˼ء
죬ֵЦܰˮġ
ôԵĹȻֱˡ
ܰһڵС
Ȼڳһֻקס춹
ιιȥҼ๫ֻҵġҪ֤ǲǻģ÷Ҽ๫ϣɶҽ㰡ȥ̽һǸС֡ڿ˵ԼŮˣȴռһЩŮ˵ֵҿɸ㡭
Ҫ˵ȥһߵСҲȥһʨӺ
ȻҪٸ˵ȥҸ
ɬǾô˭˭һ治ء㰮;ȥǸ˧磬ҷǵúһأһ߻ķ羰Լ̫ɲ˹
춹۾һȻһĴָ
۾ҲЩЦ⡣
Զλٹӣģ̾һ߰ɣ꣬ٿҼˡ
ӣŲΪʲôֱӶø˰Ūȥ˵
񲻷ԶԶصź춹޲ðɴһ
ǺǣֻҪãģҲںˣ߰ɣƢԽıءȥԺүһͷġ


151 ͬ

˸ջߣ̧֣뿪
Զĺ춹뿪ɫ΢
δ޷羰ȻһʼѡҪǾӲĳඡȻŲҡ
춹ɨһۡ
ԸһǸӣҪֻĺ춹ֵҼء˵춹ҵҲǿۡ
춹һ̾νüӢ۵ᡣ
ȻĲӢۣһλƦһŮˡ
ᣬᱻվͰˣ෴ģܴ
ҵġˣʲôأڣ˵Ļְ㶮İɣǱҵİȫУżҲüְһЩӵ¶ɶ
춹ɫ춹أˡ
ðɣϵһСͿԼСƫƫڽȴҼꡣ
ÿһΪأ
ǰСȻ൱ϲġ
ųξӣƯ欵üǡ
ǣֻվںöȴһԶעĿǸĿСﰡ
㲻ҲСģٳû߰ɣȰھ˺ˡˣһӣ˵ǴˮƯ
ȻЦָص㡣
ȴĺ춹üص
ˣעһ㣬춹ȻһֱҼġƾ˵֮ԻΪ֮ǰľˣҪôú춹ҽοˣֵͬ飬Ը뿪
Ҫô˾ãڼһСľͻ·ǣȻɣǾΪ˼լǴߵôǾãԽǺദԽᰮңǣΪ˲ԼǻǷˡ֮춹ȫǱˣֱԶߵġҿɲǵ˽Գߵ¶аǶԺ춹һֵֻ٣Ȼҵˣɺ춹ҪġǶԺ춹Ĳأ£ֻһūţҲ˴ҡ
˵ţ̧߰°͡
Զɢĺ춹˳ۡ
ȻһСԴϣʲôĹѹͲġֹҪôȫȫظҪôǲҪǡݽȥģչԼ
⻰ú춹߰ӹһ˿졣
λӣƺͬ
ҲǣӣȫԼ
ȴһλˣһλǺܸƢҲǺýõĸˡ
ӡҲе˼ա
һ룬춹ҲЩ볡ڴԸһĻĳããʵԼı
Զܰ춹ĴһĨĳˣûһǺöġ
С;صܰǰź춹㲻ѵ⡣
춹ɨһۣһĨЦ
ңҾǺѣôˣСڳЦʲô
Ȼ磬ֻú춹úЦףٿС
ǳȻ˶൱ȤֻãδһйˣټһλֵĹأȤġ
ڣȥ˫̥ʦˡȻһźһ˱ǰʿ֮ȥ
Ǳ߶мҿջнЦԼ˵˫̥ĵط
ȻǰǱ߶ȥʱһҲ
ףͷǲǺܶ˶˸һͷϣٽţ
Ȼͣסţش׳
Ǹ׳
ߣнһװ˾ŵӡ
ǣ٣ò̫һ㡣
⻹ص㣬صĵط׳ĺӣȻǻɫġ
˫۾Ǳ̵ģӣҲǸʵӥš
Ҳ׳󣬳Ȼ˷ܵس˹ȥ
ޣãڡ
Ӣߴߴʳλ׳ϲս֡
ޣޣáá
β˰ߴҳ۵׳Ȼʡ˰
û뵽䵽󣬾Ȼֻһز
ǱȻӢһͨ
ֱ˺һŴµŪһΡ
ȵȻָŷܣȻΧһȺĹڡ
ʱһˣȻһ£ȫԶԶġ
춹ô¶ͬһĺ춹Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ɡ
춹˿ŲԶǸë۾ˡ
Ƕ֣ôᶮֵԵġһֱˣǵһĴڡ룬ȴܹͨ
ðɣʼ˽ʱȷʵкܶ಻Ĺˣǵ˹￴ġ
ʵǲǹʵϣ㣬СҲǹû֣ϣСϣһЩֵƵô
춹СﶼŽ
磬ʵкܶڵġˣͷľӶࡣ棬вǺͷĴڡͱ磬ķļ硣ǸõͣͻвǺɫͷĴڡûһֱðĽΪĴڣǱ߶ǺܳġҲ˶СʵϣҲǹ
ڿķʱҾ뵽һ㣬ķ¶ףҲƯĸˡ
Ȼĸһ㣬ͷ̳ĺɫء
СＤҡͷģȻҲһͻǣͷǺɫģغɫ
Ȼ̹ȻЦˣٴο϶ط
㶼˵ˣףͻĴڡϣϰԿ϶Ҳͬǰɣ磬ţ̣磬żðһߴߴĻһղŵҺķԣ
һΣСﲻٷϡ
ǣ൱ļ۾Ҳ
춹ɨһͷ̾˿
ʵֺγעųȻĽء
ȻĿԻĺܺáȥںЩ˵񣬻̬֮ġ
ȻԼˣܡ
Ǹìܵ뷨ɣҲһΪβһһֱĴڵģʵ
İɣľͲˡ϶Ҳǲ˲źһġʵϣ϶Լļ硣磬ֵʺİ˺¡˼֮飬ҲͿ֪
СɫЩ
Ȼ뵽һЩ¡
ڣ˵˵ͷΪʲôǺɫˡţף϶ο㣬˵󣬵㲻šö֮㣬ҲԼǹĴڡԱԸĹ졣
ʵϣǲģҲòƽġΪͬˣͺһˣΪʲôᱻ˼أΪʲôͷһءڣϸؿ٣Ҳᷢͬ


152 һ

ʵҪԭڣǸǵĻ˵󣬾ǸŴ㣬ǸˣǺһˡ
ͷ֮ԻкɫĸĸͷҲơҪǣ棬ĸźɫһ㣬˸Ŵ˵ʵǸܽĴڡһ磬춹ҲˡҲ²ⲻ춹ߵҲˡǣҲǺһģǸ࣬ǹ
춹ޣɫˡ
ȭͷȴյĽġ
СǼضͻȻðһ䣬ȻҾˡ
Ȼ˸۶ᰮϲθɡ
⻰ͱܰ׺ݵص
ϲ̸Ůǲ˰ɡ
ٺ٣ҲǸˣҲҲǹǸˡ
С߿ӣȻشһ䡣
ȥͱ˹Ĵڡ
СٺٵЦܵ춹ǰǲҲˡ
춹ЦӯӯǰҴԼҲ㣬Żôں˵۹⡣ˣԶڱ˵۹㲻ô
ȻԽԼСˡ
Щִ˰
ǿηǿȨǸҰҺ޵ӡ
Ҫˡ
ܰϽǿŮˣӦÿңǸŮˡ
Ůô°ǿ˷գǿŮҲ˳ۡ
УԺúúð
һСķյĸ˾ľС
һ·Ȼķһ˵˵顣
ȻȻΪ硣
ķ˵ôطġ
ķһŴһƮ֪أƯƬط
ǵĴͱ˴ˡ
ļˣҲвС
ֻˣõġ
ΪԲͨҲɡ
ңͯǵ˹￴
һ·ܻ쵽ԵľͲˡ
ǰʱ䣬һһλˣ֮£ֻܳԼΪҩ
ֻǣĵǣҳۣҲûԸչǵĹ
һʱ䣬ķ˾ô뱥ż
ʹһҪǣһǣϵۻ˵ġ
ԼڨһƱū¶ȻҲʾ൱Ρ
û취⼸ˣǼ˵ġ
ܰ˵ķ˵ѴҲٶϻ
ֻһӣԸŰɡ
̫ˡʵҲкôһһ죬Ƭطȥȥ濴˵ǻǵȥǵĹȿ
һܰҲЩĶ
ɨһۺƤ۾ķȷܵ¹ңֻ£ԼҲһܵԼĹ˰ɣ
ɣжʱ䣬Ҳں߹
棬ĵģѹͿǰʲôطǳںߵˣǶ·˲Ϥȥ硣ֻǣȥֺ۾˵ļ磿öԶ
ģʱйڷ⣬һ취ġ϶ҲԺϵ·Щļ䣬ţҲǺ¶˵ˣǶ༸˳Էôǻбôء
Űɣūˡܰ϶˵⻰ķ˿ջȥļһ
˫ﲢһ˱ڿջסº㶨˸λãʼϵĸֹ
ò˵ֽʿľۻᣬȷʵǻռһǽġ
㿴ǸˣȻ˸Ķ䰡һһģˣ˺ô
ǼٵĶ䣬һֱ׺ݵˣʵĵӺСҹҲܲġҲǸèһĴڡ
ɬԭŻƤ˰ǸأǸһĹͷЦеģôôְЦеģȴһⲻǡ
˵أȴײĹͷ
˿ˡ
ĿǣǸŲӵˣһӣеؾͰ˸ˡ
Ǹײͷ͹ڿջǰԶǻ๾ðѪͷȻ۵һ¾˳
ͷɨһۿջǰ
ͷβϣЦеġ
̫̫ˡǽôǽҲ̫̫һ㣡
ŬƽϢһĵ궯Ȼ˼ˮƽ
ܰƽࡣ
֣ǲпʵڽϣһԲߣܴ֡ҲһٶԣͷеЦţȴ̸Цȡͷ࣬׺ݿ飬ȴǵС󣡡
֪ˣֻ̫ͻȻˣһο׺ݵĴڣе㲻Ӧ
Ҳ֪ߣ͵ϰЩпĵ顣
ǣһʱ仹ǲôϰߡ
ϣȻһ˶Ρ
ãʱ򣬿§Լ¶ɫˣ˲͵ˡ
ģûôֻǣе㲻ϰߡ˵˫̥ôأȻ棬ǼһѶЩ²ϵ⣬һ첻İҲô̤ʵء
֪֪æǰɡܰõ§סੲݵ
¶ˡ
ĺ춹ֵ󣬵ת߳
һֻǻôоӻҪأ
ΪֻǵһְҵûаϢūŵĵλ
һô֪
Ҿ֪ôģΪҲֻǰҵɹѡˣԭûиߵ͹֣֮Ů˵ĻʵǶԵġ
һףҷŮ˵ĻԽԽû취Ҳūžūŵô˲ֵأ
ľͷˣԶŮ˵磬һӴһҲû˰
һ㡭Ұ㡣
ɬɣ𣬰
һ찡Ůˣȫ̬ѽҲң̫ˡ
ɬˣ
һһ죬һġֹ
ڶ죬һ˻ڳţ㱻һֺֽо
㲻£żһ˾һصĸˣš
Ȼɴ۾Ǹˣĺһλˡ
ôҲżŮ˰ɣ
Ǿλͷ°ϸһ˫۾µµתת
ž͸ǽϵĹһģôô
ףǳһȻ°ʡ
һ߶ܰЮһӲسţͿϷС
λǾãһżĸ𣿵ҵλ֣컹һƯġľͷ޻ñĶɵޣǶоҲеȡСʵǲ˼˵ȥ


153 

˼ĻȴΧ۵Ⱥȫӵؿλͷ
ɬԼżˣҵ˵ˡҿͷľǳİɡ
ֵܣҲҲһżй»ʵûɶġ͵ǿˣ𲻺˼ľűһ£ɾе㲻ѽ˸壬Ȥͷ
ȻҲֺǣСҲǸвסģɤӸһ䡣
ϸ簡ڻȥ§żҲҲˬˣֲΪ¶ʵ㲻λ㣬Ҳ֪ż¶淨ֻҪԼڵĹǺʵҲǿе
ܰϽקȥ
ǣקҲˣΪİͷɫͨ졣
Ҫ磬ǣ˰죬³һ䣬㣬ǡǡ
һɹǣָԼʱȫһͷ
һ㲻ʶӡ
ǣóȻûע⵽ǣһԭһŵĹǣͷָʱȴһ󣬴յСһ
ԭСһѽ
ðɣһ£Ӿֻ˳Ȼܰ
ϷĳȻѹһ΢ת䡣
ܰԴ൱Ρ
С˽ζӣҡͷ
ֻ£һֵýء
СһѵҲǺ¶
ˣϸ磬͸ϽĻؼȥɣﻹһۺСءڶ¸˵û˻ŵġ
ĳȰһٶܵȺȭͷλллҵΧۣҲллվС˵߶ˡɶɫˣ뒚λǸظңҸȥɡΧҲǺȲ,

Χ۵ˣ˶˵ˣҲͶɢȥ
ϸ磬Ȼ˵һЩĻС˾컹Ⱦȥ
һҾòҲзȡ
Ȼ̾ܶԵֻԼ˵Ĵȣ˸˵ؽ󣬿㣬
Զһɫӵ࣬һҲûЦ
ͷƺǱһ仰̼ա
໵һתڵһӾ͵ڳȻĶ档
ǵİ
ٶȣɾգ۵Ĺ˾˳ȻĶ档
Ȼ۾ηܰĻ
˵ˣڱָغ󣬻᲻߳ŭȻһԲϵĶɶţ
뵽ղŵĽϵǸͺͷʿֻǱһײЦŰͷв˵ӡ
ȻеڣӦû̫ˡ
ܰԵ󱳣ûϵӮҡ
ͷˣǸϵĺӣǱ졣
Ȼ˵Ļ￿
ðɣаȫĻ̰
λˣ۹൱ѩģСһʣ磬һٷô
ʱ֣λҲŻ
ԵĹͷߣһ˶ƽϵĴ󷽴ݡ
ȻҪӦã͹
㶼۾ѩˣһʣ˵ٷӦҰɣôҪأ
ΣӦˡ
һٷ󣬵ǣƾʲô밡˵·ôоùء
ΪһʵģԲӦ͡ѵ˵㲻һٷ
СüɫҲЩİˡ
ǡȻ˵ҿ㰡
ǣ飬ͻȻ䷢һӣԭŹǵİ
ȫܸȥء
ǿ˵ɫǹܵĺܡ
ףԣԲþ
ԵĲѧ
һ
ܰй˫̥¶
Ҳǰˡ
ϸ
ȻǸǴļģҲġ
ϸܿǰͷüۣЩƵġ
Ȼ˿Ҫࡣ
ͷĽһһ󲻼Ѱ
ŲԶСͷԵСȻˣģһŮһֱڵŵ˫y
ðɣԵǵġ
ô
һЦؿŶׯˡ
ţ͡԰иŶ
ðɣ˵˵ľ˶ˡׯϲ
ǾǣԷ󣬵ΪСС¶æһͼֽ⵽Ҫʲôأǲ֪һгһ֣æĶ׿ʲôġ
˵ţӻҨһһͼֽ
Ǵ˸ܺܿͿⶫģͣǣһٷֵôˡ
෴ģǲС
Ҳֱקͼֽ
ͷҲίش˹һ𿴡
ſţĵɫ㿪ʼ
˺ð죬ǰͷ۾һӡ
ããֹӣԴߣ룬ϴĶӦ·첹֮Ķɡ
˻
Ȼһͷ治򵥰ǹﳿϴ
˼ֻǿͼֽ֮ģͲ²ⶫ;
ŷǰ
ȻҲҴ⣬ͷ˸Ҿ
Сˣ뻹ܴ
ׯ˺ߺһϣ㵱ֻԼϸ簡˵㣬Ĺ۵㣬ĵøıˡϽ°ɡӿС͹Ǵһ㻹ܲ²ǶŶôŷҵأ
Ӹ˵ŷͷҲЩҲסˡ
һӣ磬ҵģ
ǣǣҸ磬ҪҸ簡ͰȥˡãϽ°ɣӶˣλˣһЩͼֽǹӪ˰һӵ¶Ǻǡ
ȻЦţȴǸ䡣
Ǻǣ㣬һֱʵĶǻб˼ĻôҰ˵ǵߣɲû˵ǾͷǵһӵĸҡҿԴƱֻҪԸߣʱʱضߵġֻǣµʱǲԸ뿪ˡ
ǰ·ϣյ˹ǵ⴫ݵ
Ҳ֪ȻһǰΪ붯ǹӪȥ¶ġ
ΪˣһֱųĬûдɹʶ
ңҲȻ򸾵ΪˣһֱǰٶĽۡ
ڣϴŷ϶ڳȻ΢в
û취˭Ҳһʼ˵Ĳء
ŷǾں󣬻֮ģǶҲҪ١
Ŷƺ㵽ͦŰȻǹӪ˻һֱˡҲգҵǶЩȤˡ֪ûиɵЩﰡлᶯеĶ֮ģһֱоֶϧôҲеĲ


154 ż

ȻЩ
˵¶ô˼˵ż˰
飬֮ǰ˵ż¶⸾
ͷӣֻǱźڹģ
Ĺǣֻ
ʱҲˡ
ɫĺԼ̸żĸˣٴ
ðɣ磬Ĳġ
ģĸˣȴǸżĸŮ
ģȴǸƺʵĴڡ
СǣһξȻ͸¶ЩϢǰܡỹȥġ
ֶˣҺϸ˵
ȻתһЦȻƫЩżģҺβȫ
ǣһ˼żôôеְ
˵ɣҿⷽвĹ˼żҲкܺõĹ˼ġɫ۹ˣֻһЩżŪɸģжżһ԰֮ģĻҲðǶʲôЩûõĲɾĶ
ѵȻϽЦݡ
ĺŷһЩżĶ
֪ģȷʵֿ磬ܶܽеżֶǵƣֲ̽СҪģҿԸ㻭һһЩͼֽ㹻ɵİɡֻԼȥˡֶֻ֪
ó̿ʣֽ৵ļʣƮƯһӱ˳
ŷǳޣ۾Ҳתˡ
ããģܶ˵Сˡͬ˰ҿɸ㣬ȫµ˶ף׵ģôڲôڲĴڡ㿴˵ɣ϶˵ġаҲˣҲֿҳء
ãĸˣΪԼҵе淨
ģܰŷˡ
˵ԼӹܲãԼӹܲãȻһѶȥ̽Щż¶
ܰܲ˵ǰקסںŷĦΰūſ˵ĳȻȥ
ŷϿܰ˴ĴָλֵܣĵǸ
ԺӣǲҲ
ҪֱӶ֣ǣߣ
ǣӵͶŷϺܲؾɪˡ
磬Ժ㻹ԶɡŮ˲ɿҿԹһЩСġˣǳԷɣĶء
ִĽôȻûȥע
ż¶˵֮£һȺĹǸһ˱Įش
ԽǿĮȻģҲԽļ
ȻһγУĶ飬ҲԵ˲١
ʮҲͲˣмͷ۾˵ߴߴĴڡ
һˣҲС
֪ǣһˣͷβһֱĬĬعעš
ԷֻǿһϢȴһֱ
ΪˣߵĴСѾͷȻƣҲû̫ϸʡ
ڵѽ
ˣȻ̾
֪ģͰԼļҡ
СŻڵ̺ȥġ
ǿˮε̺ǡ
Сһ￴Ǵһ£Ļ
ţװء
Ц֣뱧Сһ
Ҳһ߶Ȱ˵ţ׻أ׵һʱء
ǣСһ￴˿ȴһӰԴĻˡ
һ˫µµĺ۾ӵ̽
ֻã⸾ˣôеأ
ǣ˼벻˭
ȻᣬҲ뿪ʮ찡ʮʱأСһôͿأױʲô
ȻӲʧ䣬ǵҲа취ġ
ҨһӣСһǰһΡ
õõá
СҲ˲˿ˣֱӻС첲ҪǿӲӵӡ
ûСһ§ڻȻֱӲľ˺ü
ԴҲӲָɽ
ЦСſĺߺߣԵ൱ĵ
ܰıһĸͼ
֪ģ뵽ԶһСһ
ڵģһεõϢ˵СһҪˡ
лأΪԼһ
Ϊˣܰ൱Լ뿪ʱŵĺһöӡ
ӴӴ֪أʱҿæˡ
һ㱧Թ
ӴӴæɫȻɡ
ɣࡣ
һۣȥ
ףγȥȻ˼һأЩˣֻۿǹڵĸˣҲ֪¶лԷô
ܼǵΪ൱ߡ
ղҲȥأһˣ˵ֻ˵һЩߴߴġ
Ȼżһã֮Ĵʶ
ǣҲˡ
û취ǰѧ̫٣
Ҳͱһ˺һǣһȺ˵ħ
㣬㲻ãһʱһʱôʱЩˣҲΪǴһЩⲻĸġڣǰɡԺдôġ
Ʋ죬Ҳپһ⡣һȺͷĹǣ΢ʵġ
˵һȺˣϵСĲˬôҶһǰǸĸˣҾܹŹְû¾Ͷ˿ֱ۾﷢ëûУ
ȻĨŷоֳ񫡣
Ժŵ˵ڵ˭뵽ɳޣǸɶĽзߣʲôĲϲҲȡ֮ġ
ŶǸλùǸ˶˵о񣬰ִ˵ǵѧʵˣôһĹƧӦöģ
ųȻüŪ۵ģҲˡ
˵ִʱ򣬲ٿѧʵ֮ģٵôһëŮֱţǲȻġԺɵԶ
ȻͬȷӦԶҪһ㵱ɾ鷳ˡ
˵ʲô
û壬ԶԶʡ
ûɶ˵СԽԽѹأСӣŷֿʮ첻⵱ءι˵ô㻹Ϥһ㣿аǸҵȥ棬ôЩ˳µˣ
ûвϣĵ¡
Ȼһ޲Ƿɴо
ǣ֪ǲܵġ
õİ취Ȼһ򵥵ķɴùӪȥоһЩϸĻ
־ϸĻôҲһʱо
˵̣üҲһ㵭ǳ
˵˰ѹţЩҲ˵̫Ļֻǣһɷ籩ǲ׵ĽԺŮӻҲǺЩĵ̣⼸ںһﵱص֯ɢϵ


155 Ϊ

ǣЩǵʱǶͦĵģԺ֣ģһᵽ˲棬ǰ˱ŹϹŪһλҽԺõɢ̣͸¶һ׶ȰҲҪɢ̣Ҳû취Ҫط췹ԣ͵ļλܵġҲ˵ǵĲԴȷʵǱ̸ƿѽ
һˣԽԽʱ򣬿϶ǵģУͷŻһ㣬̸аɣ
Ȼ˻ش
˲㲻ãȻĿǰǴƣһˣԺֹı衣飬Ը⿴ġ
ǰǱϾˣֻƽ±ãµģһбطȨƵˡ룬ʱûλ˵ı֣ġ磿ʼ飬ºȴЩĮˣ
ôԵ¶㵽Ĺ
ϸϸһĥɫ˲Ұס
Уˣ
ȻҲΡ
ǰҲ˰ɡǱϾһζˡⱾص̰ҵ֮ģ˵ǲٵĴ˵¶ʵЧǳһڲݵġ
¹ôģǵĵ϶ǳǵ棬ֻҪ̫ݣǾ׬ЩաϾǡ
ǿѹͷأᣬȨƣԶҵɵҪ
˵дͷԣ󣬱ܳɹġ
ʵϣвҲܴҲ󣬿ϧ͵ÿܲסЩȨơ
г˲ϣֻǻѪˡ
Ȼɫתһ£Ц˵
ѪҪģѪ̫࣬ҲԸ⡣ϣȥΰһλ˰աȺͨʨӴˣҲͲˡȻлأҲһˮ
ҲȻΣǻˣطҲֻŵͷߡ˵Ĺš
ʵϣƿоԵȨƣ򣬶ùԹԵͷˡ
ǲüֻһʱüպֻ޾ķա
Ȼʶֶ٣ڹٳлн۵Ҳ٣ԶЩ¶Ҳ֪ġ
һۣΡ

˻ںֶһȲԵء
ĸ㿴ֶȥѽ˵ٵķ飬һ϶ܱӹĸΪСõġ
ϥֻһһŮӣԸ
һֶ˵ϵЦʳԽϡ
ţҲأţѹȥҹš
ٿλֶ޷Ҳ͸˳ˡ
ĸģЩҲֶרŻأǲϣͺķ˽ʮ֣˵
ãããѽԽԽѽĸҲϣͱôТңĹĸ͸ϰʮƵġ
޷Ц۾ƣָЦģ
ĸ˵ĲٹֶԶƯĴڡ
ˣѽӾ𣬶ˣǼ鴦ôˣ
ֺٺٵصЦĸͷİɣзִءһΣǸǸ˼һӽѵֻҪǵͷ¶Ҳͽˡ
޷˱ɨһۣ˵ĸû㣬˼ң㻹̫ˡҰԤϲڽ죬̽ҵġʱ͸ţ۸࣬Ҳͺ˰ɡ
ϵЦЩ
ĸƬǶǹøڹϽȨţʲô°Ϳ˳۹ĸ˵·ǽС΢ġ
ҪֵӷʶҲ˶ĽұУҲôؾĮվ
˵еʶ
޷˿źҰĵıֶ
̾һִ֣ʾԼ
Ժȥ
ְ㿴ľһֱȶŵģǣΪʲôһֱȶأ㣬
ֿ˿ߴľһЦĸܼ򵥰֮վȣһֱţȻĸ֦ܶ
޷ĵͷ԰Ϊ֦Ҷïܳţһšһ죬ĸûˣĻˣôߴǿʢ³Ҳֻǿһ;ҵ˼ôڵңǳ͵һǸ棬Եô氡
һݣ
һǳһֱڵġ
䣬˵Ҳһˡ
˼γȴһֱڡ
Ҫԣ
˼Сʱ⣬Ȼ˰
֣һȥȻ˰ɡţᷢλˣǰӴˣͬġ
˺Ǹ˵ߺ֣Լһǰȥ
·ϣ޷˻ѯˣ
ĸ֪˵˼ˣǳǺܹʵģҲȨıֻǣ̫֮ҪһĿռ䡣һܵԳ档ֶȻ̰һЩҲһЩġ
޷ŷĵЦ
ףְңҲҵһ;ϣŷͬСɵͷԣ㣬Һ͡ϲ
֪Լȡ˹ĸΣҲǸˡ
ȻǾãһ̸⣬һЩŻݵòЩϲ
ԼĸԸµģһ㣬Ҳ޷˶൱͵ԭ
Ȼڿأһλ˷޷˳
˸Ͻ
Ȼ޷ȴǰһǰѳȻ
ӴӴǼҪЩ׵أɱɷӹء£÷Һúƣʱȥǲ˵ˡ
ȻЦ޷һ£
ӴŶһ˰ûݣ෴ģǿ۾ʣɫҲԽء޷ϡ档
һߵƲ죬ǣС˽ųȥµͷѽ͸Լ๫ȥءֻ¼ҹ˵ĸæ۵ĸƵģҲûۡ˼һ͸ָǵġ
㰡Ͷǲء޷˹ĿĵЦ
Ҳ͵ؿǰλ˶
˵ĽǶǽܳãƵĸ˵ġ
ͣҲֻǲģķ
ȻĬĬذһ۵ףģԵóһۣӣҰģԸ磬ԼҪģҲ֪첻ȡġ
һУ̫Ѱ졣
һ㣬ȻҲ޷Ȧӣšü
˵ҲǰⲻȥҲΪ˽ôϧõģ⣬һʱҲˡǳµĵӣΪȱϣûܲء


156 

λ˶һšüһ˷ӡ
޷һεشȻҪ̸ˡ
Ȼ˼Ҳܲܣ۲ת޷˵˺ˡ
˵Ⲽϵ¶ʵҲڲҼֶҲһеġְ磬ͰλӰ鷳˰աģλ˶ʵϵˣ㣬ҲĲ˼۸ġ
һΪȻ˽˳·ʱҲȷ˵ˣ۸񣬵
ȻһۣοЦȻϰ
ѽ֪޷Ǹ˶뱧Ե뷨ҶءλӣæɵðŵءȻϽмصл
ҲЦӭĸǰҲֻǳȥˡҪ˵ҲеģҲ̫İʱȥջˣ˵ôջв̼ǰչˣĲϰҲе֡ÿʱ򣬾̼ǰʱ򡣡
Ȼӣ͵λү˵۸ء
̼ңǰ϶Ƚ࣬ԼĻ˵ĺȱϡУϵ˼λ
ڴˣףҲֻš
Ҳ֪ġȻٶȽ
ȴʱЦסԳԵЦѽƹİǺ޷˿׽öƵģ޷˵ıֶҪ˵ɣҲһˡôգҲΪҽŲһЩڼ۸ôҲ̫ΪҽġҪһڷԣҪǳѾͷֵøǰп࣬˵ʲô֮Ļء
㶣ƯĸˣЦŵģǰѻ㿨ס
㻹۶㻹̫ˡ
ңһຩʵϡһ黬һó˶
˺콣һ
˵˵ҲϣԭҪ۸ص̼ҵģǣһɲӵļ۶˵һˣһˣ˵͸ǶһΣ
Ȼü۸񣬿治˰
Ҫ֪һ˵һǮġ
ɵȴһΪġ
Ҳء
ô㣬Ҳ̫˵㡣
ףȻͷ­ڡ
ӣֶôģҲһ˲ǣһ˲˵仰ϲ˵ˣҲǺýǲǰ޷ˣ
ȻҲû޷˵ֱۣ޷˰һӰСӲ໴ģһССͷţȰȰֶҪӵǮڳˡҪȻҾͱŶŮ㸮Իȵģ㲻ء
Ŀ۶ˣ
ɿԼĹĸûƿǸˡ
෴ģǸˣЦ
ֱúãҸһѽҸһһŮúõãҸеĻءСѾͷܼ߶ܣŲҵܶ࿴Ǽ۵ġѽÿȥæҪദƬ̣Ҳһأ
ãԼҹĸ˵Ķء⻰ﻰģԵ
־̵κεأҲԼҹĸ԰
Ȼһɵļ۸ʼ룬ȷʵԶ˵ӡ
Ҳǲܽܵġ
ðɣǾԶӳɽһ£ϱءԺɵöһҹĸȶֶҪء
ҲǸԵģ
ͳȻյ޷ǰһһҵ§
ǣǽҪ˵ıݣ͵Ӵ
̸⣬ҲбӣǱȤ
һʱ䣬˹Цͣ
̸˻ӣ޷˶ҪųԵģºŲˡ
߳ͳȻ˿
Ȼ̱ȻǺķ˵Ǯ۸Ҳ̫ܽܵġôİɣһⰡһҶ͸ˣֻģءҲãҲǸʵģԺб⽻ء
Ц⻰뵽һϻԿǸ
ȻҲЦͣɲôǳԿǸˣȥأôİɡˣͬȥǱ߶ôˣ˵ǰרܻһˣʲôҪ¶ɣ
ҲһʵģãƱŮˣȴʵ˿ڡ
ϵκɢȻˣء
ʱῴɬı鰡
㣬̸ˣ
飬ֻܳڱŮϡ
Ȼ档
ֳƾιιǸ˾ȻǶͬôᣬô᣿ŮôһϰϽ˵һ£ر֪ǵİ԰
ǱھŰء
ٺٵЦͷһŤ޿ɷ档
ҪҪôקİ
Ȼ࣬Ҫ˵һġ
ʼˣ޿̵һźûУûУûУҺɾĺܣ˼ֻһʱܻģҌ°
ɻؽԽԽŮôҲġ˼ҲԸ˵ҲͲʡ
ðɣһģйͶͬ顣һһ仰ͬˣ۶Ժ棬飬Ȱ㲻Ҫ׳ˡҪʹ˻Լ
㳰ЦŪԼĳãˣôң𣿡
ʧɫȻҡͷ
Խ˵Լᶯ飬˰ʵ׶飬һأ˰ͻջġ㣬ڿ˵Լ룬ʵϣͶͬһֱǻڹȥġһθ飬ҲáͬıҲ뿴鷳㱻һһٵ˺
һθ֮İԸж
ǰĶиֵýѵġ
֪ģںҲ棬ģֻ档ģȴиʣֻ
ʱƤ
ĻÿɰӭԼĸ
ˣ˼þء
һ󺺣ȥ
§סԼŮˬʵشЦ
ҼұҲ븸أҿ˵ѽʱ䣬һСһ𡣲Ǹ˵㰡ףչף̫ˡҪ˵˿Լ
ôҲ˵أ
߬䲻һ˫۾ȴԶĹܼҡ
Ͱʵ飬˿رͳȥ϶ܼйء
λĹܼң޵ġ


157 δ

ˣǸ͵ߵġ
ƽʱǸܼңʵϣȴǼһڡ
Ůֲǲ֪顣ҲǰһףѣֵɶҲûУΪ˼˸֣ѲɣҲ벽ĺ󳾣
˵ţȻ䡣飬ˡ
Ȼ֪׵顣
ɣô룬ôòġ
Ͷͬһֻһ
ġ
ܸο¼ŵ
žЩů⡣
һҧ£֪ס㵱ҲΪ׶šǣҺͶͬǲһģమģңҰֻһһһ󡭡һݡ
󺹵ŭˡ
ž
һ˦ϸɵϣϡ
ޣ㻹̸һףӵаһ¼ˣȴǰᰮ۶ǰŶġȫǣһҸһĹְĵݰɣ
ҧŴһƣֻ
󸸺ȫŮֻһġ
ŭˡ
Ŵͷ˿ҵŮ
һƬһȱӮϡ
Ϣŭ
ѶһѪӿ
ȻضŲԶǸбˣ뵽һϾʵһֱĸһбĴڡ
ȴǰһٵشŭ
־壬ǰŲĴȡ
Ҳˣˡ
ߣ㲻ҵŮ
㲻ҲҪ
ǽȲš
Ѳ
̧ȣݺݵϡ

ñҪݺݵؽѵˣЩҪҪ󲻡
ܼɫ΢תתȥñӡ
ܿ죬ӱ㱻
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¶ֳҲĸ̾ҲȷʵбǮԻԼŮѽ
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ﻮһ˿ɱ⣬ڳ˶ɱʧ
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158 

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Դ˲Ϻ󣬳ٶȿǡ
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ҲǶ¶ҰͻȻ̫Ư˵һʱ䣬˰˵ȣĹܼСǰͨ籨ŵġؼһãȻһȺûˮūţҁAҷҪء
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˼ȫ˼顣
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㲻ţ˵ҲλŮôޱȣĲУҪҹŮȥȥһӣһıƯˣҲܰѹŮ޳ȥʱ򣬲ݳŮҲǺ¶֮Խ϶ҲһЩӣҲȱӣֹŮȥɡ
һЩ飬Ҳע
Ҫ֪Įһλĳªӹ
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𣿡
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159 

һ˫˫ϣȻЦˡ
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ױʱ򣬲ǺʱԸ˴š
׼ҪʼʱԽ϶˱˽
Ҫ԰ǵʹǲϣҲа취ġ
ġа취ҼѾͷƯƹ㲻Ǻͷӵİɣ
õһϢԽ϶Ĳѡ
ʵȢķ˸Ư˵ġ
Ǽ˵ʱȴѾͷôһλŮ
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Եһʵʵĺһӵˡ
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160 ܲ

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ңһ͡
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żܿüķꡣ
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ֻǣʲôҲིóȻҪҲΡ
һ죬СҴҽ㱨ܰ뿪
һٻʱü䣬ŭ⡣

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ЩȻüҲԽš
飬Ȼ˵ĸأǣ浽͢飬治Ǽܴİ
ǰԹ͢ķͲԸǵġڣȴòȥǰģܼңҪѡһظãλŭʵʱҲͦìܵģĵĹÿһ죬磬ͺһ뿪ˡ
Ȼɫ䣬׺ݵضܰҲ˵ˡ
ģܰһЦӡ
Ҳһ˵ģȥҡаһˣҲǺţ
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ܰ۾һҧָ
԰ôغһҪءӪڷĵư


161 

һ㲻ˣԺ󣬻ġ
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ѾͷһӣңǳԿѽ
§ŰޣܰǸ⡣
أսԡ𣬿ܣǿܻٲٵս鷳֮ġҪű˴ˣһȥġ
һЦս˫֣ʾ˵ľġ
ֻǣ⻰˵ڶ죬鷳ϲ¶ˡ
ǸӳﱧźӳŮʱȻˡ
˺һӣ˼سǰҪӡ
Ǿ𣿡
ʱ΢һ¡ĺӣŲŲߣܰϡ
ܰҲû뵽һֱ߶ŵŮǰ
һʱ䣬ЩҲЩ
ֱϣŵͷʾѺӽȻ
ԥһ£ЦӦ
ţСС㣬ȻŶ
仰ѣȻϲһ㡣
ǰ˵˵ģҪһе鷳
룬죬鷳ˡ

ǺǵףЩڴ˼ҵ˵ҲһͨһûŵģҲ㲻ϵûݵĸˣ
ллѾҴһ·ϣ˰ɡ
ȻԼ侲
ţ̫࣬ǾеСڵģ·ҲһλҽԺȻû̫ľ񣬵ҲߵȻ̺үأǰЩҳʱڻڸ̾أ˵үûĵ˶̺ţ룬˼һжǵĹء
ЦĺƤһ˫ˮ۾Ҳܰɨɨ
ûͣá
ִ磬յļá
ǺǡȻҪӡ
Ȼȴü
Ȼҿɡ⺢ӣе
ӣһ·ݣˡ
ҲӦвˡ
ĺӣҲ֪˵ġ
Ժ˵ǣ̫ݡ
ǣȻǾòþ
ŮԼģôͲܱˣ
û£ҾͶ౧׽׽ϼ죬ҲϤġ
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ɫ˼£գǰѾݵǰ
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ŻĺӣȻ۾һӾͺˡ
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ΪŵûأֲòĮش
ֱڴ
ˣӣôأ
ȻʶһϾ⣬Ůôں
ǵʼʱ򣬾Ǽܸڵİġ
զӻأ
ȻԴŶ˺󰡣ûûġ뵽һӣūǰѾӵ˸šм䷢һЩ¶ⲻְѺ͵Įطڵ˼չ֣һүš
⣬Ȼз۾
ŻĽëСһʱ䣬ﶼ˺¡
ŻȥˣҪ϶Ĳµġ
Ű
ǡʱСѹ
Сһ˯ѣӺ˵ģž͸һƻһġ
ܰԼҹŮĲˡ
־ҪӳȻӱ

գգ۾һİˡ
ۡ
ͻȻ䣬໵ؿ
νǾ춯ذ
Ͻǰӹ
Ȼ˵˰ɣ⺢ڸʱҲֻҺһܿڣҲֻǱڻﶺһӣ⺢Ӿ͵˵ġĵСԺ󻹵Ӧء
˵Ӧȴ̵ĳȻھΡ
ںӵҲòù
²ҲûǿеҪؾ
СһһϤˣ໵䡣
˫Ĵ۾Ŷ
Ϊſ޹ʱСӻһһġ
ĵĸۡ
ܰûôӡ֪尡
ôɵ۶źѺӱߣٽ̲顣
һСһԱˣˡ
Ҳͻظ
Żľź죬ʱʱģһۼվһߵĴж졣
λĵŶһк
ʱ򣬺Ѻӱܰǰ
߼־뱧
ǣȴͷĻſ
ˣ̽ͷ̽Ե͵͵һܰ
˫ĴϷ֣ܰĲˡ
ǵĻ
һܰܳȻΪžֽ˽
ء࡭
໵ػŸ첲ֿ
ϲȻء룬һȺѾͷˣүġ죬ɵֽϲƶȲǡ
˵ϣҲЦϡ
ȻҲֻǺǺǵЦųȥ
۾žĲֹһεСһСʱӡ
ǻľȻ˫̨ɵƺͦģţ˯ʱʱŲˣҲܰѡ
ȴһֱǵӼ󣬾ˣ⺢Ҳֵġ
ǻľƺٿ
ڣôͱġĵС˵ľͲŲҪء
ðɣǲߵԵʰ
£Ǻӵûദ飬Ҳ̫ġ
һ󣬳ȻҲʵΡ
ŮˣȻ˷ܵġ
ǣžĵ鷳ҲԽԽԡ
ʼȻҲ̫ġ
ֻΪͻġ
ǣأǲ˲þ
ѺܰĻͣҲ̵СǸ˾
أ


162 Ұ

׵ģһ̵ֱģȻ
ûкܰʽĳǰȷʵûݵġ
չģǾŵװ
޷ܵǣںһλ֣һλﵽˣȻŶҲˡ
һֱרŵһ¡
ǰŽߣȻ̲סȰ衣
ȴ溬΢Цؿҡͷ
ǣŶǰֻǣȻ֪ûһ仰ǳʲô˵ˮⳤҲ׳ʲôĵԡΪҵǳĸ߹ҳġļҵˣŲѾصʶ飬ңļ˶Ǹ٣˶
֮ǰҲǲġʹˣހˣȫũСġң̸֮ģҲôõū澾ãȻĵΪ룬Ӧûͬź;³̵ġڸһֱȫȫźǣھ飬ЩȻͱ̫ĵġ
ЦȰĺȻڶҲȫΪ˺롣
վһߵܰ˵Ҳ̾ųȻ
Ѿͷ˰ɣҵҲ࣬磬úΪչӡһҲĵ¶
ëң뵽Ķӻ򶴵˵ǣȻҲ
ôģں˲ŶҲˡ
һʱ䣬ȻߣҲ侲
ȻżǿԿӵġ
Ҫǣܰһʱ
ƽʱһʱҪô˯
ҪôǱﱧȥɢˡ
ҪôǺЦһ䣬ȻôҰ
ҵ߶һԼһĿءȻûĺӡǰҲչ˹ٵĵõŶȻͷİա
***ֲЦ
νֲЦˣ˼Ҷ˵ĺúöˣҲĵĹذĺӣĺæ
ôģ
еƣȻҲֻá
ûĵģߵʱҪչ˺üˣҵĸ
ʧ䣬ܰ§ο
̧ͷųȻͷ
ܲ˵ΪԤвþܾúĻɡ
ӪˣԴ󣬱Ͷ뵽ȻͼֽоС
ǣȫԼаá
Ǽˣķ֮⣬Ҳɵɻ
죬оɵơ
еһУֽС
ܰҲÿͶʱ棬ڣԱĻᣬϡ
ȻæŮӻ
ӻѵ˲š
Ļѵ˲š
ҪԼõ֪ʶˣң˻ݣ˲̵ܽ
һУϲѾͷȫ䵱˴ܼҵʽ
ճȻĻ˵ϲѾͷھݻĴ곤ɰ˵ϲѾͷĴܼҡ
ϣڱϰ廹ҪϤҵ
ʵԽС㣬˺󣬾ͱӹˡ
ϲѾͷסڻ
ģλʵԽС㣬Ҳס
ʼļ죬ԽС㻹ܳܺȵġ
ɱʩĺԵĶˡ
˶Ҳôų⡣
椶ϰɢÿ챻Ѿͷල·ʱΌһ
һУϲѾͷ
Ҫ֪ļʣ˲˶Ҳյļʷ
գҵȻԼ뵽˰취
ƹģԽСôĶëôҲıһȤȤͶ뵽һҵСأͻԼ붯һë֪У
Ȼ͵ؿ
ƣǼҵϲѾͷԽԽƹء֪ʩȡһݴʦӦõ顣
ȷԽСëӦҵ֢ҩķ
˵ģȤõķҲͬһֱǶ۲ûȤ
ҵĽ飬ֱȤһö֮ģҲ׷Ͷȥ󣬱Լ͵Զ顣ԣҲˡҿԽСĵǰӶѵ£ʳɹġ
õȻĹϲѾͷֵС
ϲ̵§ƹģͰ˼ᣬֻǰһҵЩؽȴʰƯ󷽵ĳȥǲ֪ÿνյǸмҾͱгɾ͸аֻãһ̵ԼҲ˵ΰҪҰԽСҲݴʦԺ󰡣˵ԽСͳƹĵݹܼء
ף⵽ҲԽССԽҵС㣬Ҫ˵˲ţ˵ܳɡݰã¶ˣԺͶء
ȻЦͦһߵ㲻Ǵ
˵㵽أ˼ԽһȱһǮԽСΪ㵱µġҲ룬˼ԼǮѧԼȥȥҿ㰡µʱˣʱҿô죿
ڷĳȻɵذס
ᣬҶǵ˽⣬ԽС㲻ˡðɣĿԴ˭˵ʵġ
Ҳǣ˼Ըҵһء˭֪ʲôġˣǸɵøѽٲҺϲѾͷҪԲ˽оڵԽԽ࣬񰡣ֵءôأġһҲ
ԽŻԽ̫ᷢھˡ
һ㣬ҲĸΡ
㰡ҪĳͺˣǾͿУʱ򣬰дȫһҵó׵һ뵽ЩҾĽĲ˰
Ҳ
һҵУҲ밡ǣôطĳڵĳɵλɣһ˼ңû񡣵ҵˣλһطĳءҪ˵㲻һӻҪǱܼҵɫ𣿡
ⷬóȻĶѡ
ǣҲֻпЦ
̯֣ĻԸһǸǷ򸾣һ󣿿ɡ¶ǽһλүҲؿǣοһҵҡ
ܼܰңҲǴʿܼҵҶѡ
һңŲٵɡ
ȻǺҪҲҪֻһңܾ
Ͼң϶ɵġ
ǣȻͬ
һվųȻˡ˲㣬ϣеȨеλǿһݾģǣüֵֵģҪʸãһĮ֮ô
ȻĬˣ飬ȷʵǼֵ˼⡣


163 ƿ

ζ³һ䣬ȻЩҲŰæܰϵģҶܼذæֻһ֮У֮ء
Ȼɴ۾ǰŮˣʱɫȻ
һ뷨֮
ѵ˵ᡭ
Ĵָڴߣ˵˵˵ˣǻǰһΪˣӪôˣüĿû
ȻϵõһĻ⣬ֻǿ˹ķɴټ⼸ҲԲϣԽԽӦ
ʱҲȱΪˣƹҲʼڹӪǵĻˡ
װˣȫֹҪǹǵɣЩ֪ʲôʱתءװ⣬ǿת᲻ˡзɴĹУ᲻һЩ⡣
ʵװˣҲζŻɹ
ǣִǿǳɹı־ȫȷˡ
ϾеĻȫװģȻ⺺ɵļҲֻߡ
Ըܳɹɣˣ裬ǵðԺ뷢չ߼Ľأ赸ܴٽ˼İ
ȻֱӸһֻӡ
ɣ˼Ƿ޼ٳеĶͱ˵󻬼ȥȥˡ
ǹؿ
ѽѽʲô鰡һᵽˣôӦ˵Ĵ󰡣˵ŵĵ˰ɣҶ˵ϣɿˣŵĹģԼӰ
ǣҲģǣҾвþ˵ɣˣӦø˲ŶԡǣǾòþ
Ȼֹģ˵ɶطþġ
Ϊˣڵ൱֮
һۣҿɸ㣬ǲΪһλŮԭòþˣŮ˰ʱĵԼĵоҪľòþ͵òοһ£ٹ۲һҪҵ⣬ֱ֣ɲĶ
ԴˣȻҲΪȻ
ϣʳʱȻҪȥ
ͬģǰȻڻеҾãʱҪôΪáһֿǺ̵ġ
ų̵ĺӣһ֣ȷʵẠ̊́ԴˣȻҲ˵ʲô
ڨڨջ֣һ߻ڵţСһûˡžϲ˰
֡
ֱСŮһЦݵضŶ
СүĲءڰǵȥֻȥ˼˵ˣ࿴ֻڴԲĸŶǼСүС͵ö
ãҲΪ˺롣
һߵܰЦźųȻڿȻµʱҲü
СԽԽʧء
ұȥƯĻɡǺӵЩӦ
ȻģôҲȡӵȨ
ôæҲܲͺǽӽİɡ
ǡҲûǿеҽС
ǣĻܰͷˡ
ǿһзˡ
һ̧ͷŲԶˡ
ɫǴݵġ
ȻСһ𳤴ȴǿˣүǿҵĲ
۵ع£үūǿԽȻΪˡֻǣֻǡݰǶģٳʱںͱҵţҪôΪȢһλŵԵķˣԡүˡֻȻһӣҲǸģĲ˼
Ȼ⻰òΪߺ
һ򣬰ڣбܼңԼݵλǶ
˵ˣ¶ɲܰ
Ҳǽʩѹһ𣬻ÿܼңԸɡ
뵽Լܼұʱڿ˵ģһҲǸѾͷ
һֱظͨѾͷٸݣǲˡ
ڿɺãܰȴԽϲ
û֨ÿôġ
Ŷվһ߶
һߵܰȫŭˡ
վߵȻžǰһѽ§ڻؿź
ܰֻгȻҵһһŮκεŮҪܰţ첻
ȻؿүͻȻ䷢֣һʱԼΪģƿһе̬ȫǴġ
үԽԽƿˡ
ңڵҲĵģҪͳȻһ
ʹҵʹ
ʹǰǸȢŵʱҲй
ڣԳȻʱĴ̣ô˳
ǲǷʱ
Ժܻشͷֵ̿ߵס
үū澡֪ˡ
Ѿ§ڻܰ΢˾
ЩЩˣԸ
ͷֽ߬Ŷ
ģ
Լ˵ı֣Ȼʮĸޡ
ȵһĿڽ뷿󣬳Ȼϧؾ͸ܰһǡ
̫ˡ㣬ζ
ܰغһۣѲɣƽʱҾûζˣ
ٺ٣УУûô˧
Ϊ˿֣ڿ˼Ҳǿļ
һʱ䣬Ȼϲ
ˣеġ
ʵǰĺͦõģֻǲ֪ôͱˣ
ֹȻȻء
һЦһ죬Ժºְɣҿ˵̫ݣǻһ·ġô˵Һһεˡ

һѾͷҪƾڵһϵͰܰĴȡλãڣȡܰеŮˡ
һ㣬Ļ̫Щ
ͿСλǰҪܰĴֻ˵С硣
ǣҿеŮˣĻǼ򵥵ġѾͷһӣֻһ𡣡
û˵˫ȴ˵˵
Ȼڵ˺ĵ̺¯㡣
̺ϣŲٺӿֹģ֮ġ
ЩȫСġ
˵ССһȻϲ
û¾ͻһȦӡ
ÿһЩСߡ
ö֮ģЩҲԽԽࡣ
ףֹĲСﻹͦаĵġ
ֹһҡСһȫ
ǾǿۿץֹĶ
Ҽҹֿʼء
Сһ۾ȻһŰֹķŵ
ãСһһõֹģѶ
ӴӴɲ͵ġųųء
סⶫıȥģడ
ǣСһﲻˣ͡


164 ҪӪ

ܰҪӣСǲܲˡ
ȻһϽͷϵӡ
кİͽŶ
ſĶһ˫۾ųĹâ
СһСͰǿҵĶ
һĸҲҪˡֱӾȻǰա
Сͷƺ˼ţֹĺأĶã
ûأ㿴Ǹļһ˹۾ǶǸĶˮ
ɶǾģ
Сüһ̧צӾ
һ͡
ſŵֵôûˡ

ءѽ
Ƶǰգپ
һɰŻˡ
ȻپͣܰŶ
⺢ž
Сҧǲ֣һϸƴļơ
Ȼ˾ţ֮ŰλεĶҨ˳
Сһ죬һҪޣȴǿûӵӡ
Ĩ˰Ѻˮ
԰ǸܳԵģߣ˭Ŀ졣
·ݵĺӣѵߣڷλ
ңҲ֫ʲôĿٵؽ׳Ӳ
СһϾСע˲ͱתơ
СҲ߸һʱСһֿʼ֡
עɹתƣܰҲŶڵ̺ϡ
СһһֿʼƵرȻ
ţ˾Ϳʼ˭ԵĶࡣ
һʱ䣬ȫǿˮ̺ҲʪһһŶġ
¶ˣʶӾȻһˮš
Щÿ춼ÿˮģҪͻҧģͳԻ˶ء
ںӵϣȻȫϸΪ
ȻӦôʱǻġ
Щ֮ģ״Сӵ֡
Ϊ˽룬ǺעЩʶġ
ôæҲܰѺӵȫˡ
ΪˣܰҲֻǿȴ
ʱȻæûļЩ¶ģҲȥġ
ںӰӦӸʳĽ׶Ρ
Ϊˣӵٴεһˡ
ܰĹгĺӣǶԺŲٳ̵ġ
ڳȻȴǰ͵ÿʼһЩʳ
УԺ̫ˡ㿴ǲŶ󰡣˼ҵĺӶڳءеСǳԵ߰ȥۼҵһԶôҲóԵһɡ
Ȼĵظ˼빤
ˮͦãǣǲһֱιˮ
ǿʳõĸʳƷ١̣ţ̣г֮ġҪģԨ֮ΪιһЩʳԼһЩĥĺϸʳϸۡҶǲ̣ǺǵöӪ
˵߰껹ڳ̵ģ岻ôõİɣΪʲôǻ岻ãҪһ㣬ӪӮⲻñһ껨һֱ棬Ƕ
ܻг¹ʵһɣ¹ʣ©ʱ仨ôᱻֵأһֱǣǰˣʵأҲǼӵĺǡ
ҪӪʣֻҪһЩ̾ͺá˵ˣˮ£ӪɷݾͲôãӸʳǱΪѡĶ
˵ţ飬ЩǺöǱ߾شͦǰӦЩʳһһЩ飬޷Ӧǻء
һģҲܰ˽ȥ
ҲһУͰ˵ģΪ뿪Ӹʳһˮܶϵһ죬ôҲٲС
һȻҲٷ
ãԭûһӽˮءˣˣȥǵĶ
ˣѺǽиտ
ž뿪ɫ΢
үڡǿҲôٸһᣬĶˡǾ͡
Żľɫᡣ
ϲ㣬ӱʱͰ㵱Լĺһҵģҵģٴߣһô죿
ڴ˼ҵĽ֣ܶѾͷҪôǱָȥ֮ͨġ
ҪôǱ͸»ǹµŮǵ˼ӡ
Ҫ
һֱǸ˳ܰ͵ء
ΪεˣҲںˡ
ɣʱ䣬ܰͳȻദףԼͷβүġ
˵ĲпʵһŮķΡ
Ůζϣʱĺ뵽ģǱĺӡ
Ψһ
Żľò˵ŰüʲôĶˡ
ʱԣɰ
ϸܴпֵܰƵġ
ŮФ⻰ǲ١
ԭܰͳķ񿡽ܵġ
ǶͬƵĽʱľǿ˶ͬŮࡣ
ŰСޣȴ˿Ʋ۶
Ҳѹ֣ΪŮĴڣڿ˾Ҳϲ
ֻ̣ˡ
ûע⵽Į󣬱һֱڳʱܡ
æµЩʲôû֪ÿ죬Цӭܰ
ԶԶԴǡ
ı֣ȻֻģһҲ뵽Σգٽ
ͬʱΪӵĵߵ֣ҲԵĲˡ
Ȼõһλ˸˿Ե̳ãɣϾԲͨĴڡ
ֻü򵥵ļıźӣⲻôܡ
ԳȻһ죬ȥūгһ֮Ļ
ūгһȺһѶȦһūǣȻִˣҲò̾ǹŴ
ûνȨеģֻôȥ
ܰ˿ūͦġ
Ҳв١
ҪͶɡҿͦģСģԺҲһѧ
Ǯ˼ҵүһСͰһ𳤴ͯ
⺢Ҳܸүһ飬׳Ϊ
ܰھΪӿǵһȷʵˡ
Ȼϧؿ佱ҷ㵱˵֪ԵĶ࣬ҲԺء⣬зɵĸо
Цſ佱ܰҲ൱á
ս֣㲻Ҳһôǰ㣬ֻ˽ǮڿɺãҲеҵĴڣкǵĴˡ
˵ǰ¶Ȼ൱Ĳ˼
ҶŲԶļһһҳ۵ūŵ˼ң۾һҾãҪ򣬾һһҵİɡСģʺǼء
Զʹߺȵ˷һ
Ҫ֪һΪūˣǼٵġ
Ͼܶһҳū˼ң󷲶ЩЩСġ
ǿҲġ


165 ū

ңǿģȴ಻ЩϲĴڡ
ļһֱû۳ȥһҼڣȫǿ͡
ǼԼԸΪūһ۾һǰڨ
λˣҪһӰɣСһҴ˼֪Щӵڣ֪ػ
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ɣһߵļֵܣǸһϢˣҡͷȻˣҲġ
κΣߵˣҪġ
ɶǿԺģΪһ˾ʹҩһӰɡֵܽãһǺĴڣȽӵ˻磬ŲҪء
ˣͿŰҿҪǰɡҼˣһֵܽõȻСģΪĺܻġۼҵˣҲһλаϧһ֣Ⱦؼŵڴϲġˡǰɡ
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ۣһ˼ūţõˡˣһ޵ĸˣΪ˼Щʲô˵ԸΪūҪһȫء˵ͷ
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ڹٳ֮ϣԸ񣬲ߵĸԶ
ңĿǰ۴ԻǴģպֻҲᷢǵΪ¶
ˣټһҲ֮͡
ò˵˼һӣȻǼ˱
ԭΪһӣҲǸ˺еá
˭룬λˣһְ
λʮĸˣǰȻһλϰ֣󲮣ڼҼҴ˼ҵƹġ
ȻӴһִϺܻ˵Ϊ˴Ҳǰ硣
ãҵˣպȱһλܼҵİ
ķ£׼ϲԼҵĹܼҡ
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ֻǶ̶ദ죬λϲūţ֣֮Ĵ൱ĺá
ڼѾͷǣڿ֮࣬ɼ˼̵ʶĶ֡
ʵҪһЩʶĶֵˣҲҵĵġ
ȻΪеʶĶֵˣǲ˽ߣңҲ֪Ĵڡ
һЩ飬ԣмֻɡ


166 ѺϾ

˽̵ЩѾͷСʶ֣ҲԸȥµѵĶֵˡ
Ժ󰡣һ棬̵һЩܹܼң¶ˣǾءǰڿɾ͵ǵĻء
һεתʧܸա
һμڸĽԸܳɰɡ
֮ʱϾ˶
һ죬Ůӻһ᲻֮͡
ȹѥЬƽȵ̧Ůӻ󣬱ǰ
ܰǰ
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󣬳ȻĻ˳ȥ
һҲĻű˳
ڹӪװ豸ܰҲڵһʱ䱻֪ͨ˹
λװ˱ӭװ꿼ֻʣ˼̺ˡ
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һᣬȻҲڼʱũֵļƻ
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û뵽Ӧ˵ǿңȻ־˦һơ
Ѿͷ鷳侲һ㡣ܰԭͲķޣ˵ˣӡܴһô


167 񹬰

⻰ˡ
Ǻǣӡܴһ
ӡΣֻ˵ʱĳȻܰҷֿˡ
ʵģԺһ˷ĻᣬȻһİɡ
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ҲҪǰȰվһ߶Ϸ
ּ̫ЦţӡҪʵǰģҲᣬʵȫǰġٴ԰䷢ּ⣬ǣ˷Ȩּ⣬ܰһһ𡣡
Ȼüɵذһӡϵīʱɫû䡣
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ϣ񣿷ּ٣ҲչҵһٶѣǻϣܴƬأܰվΣݲһָֻšǵһУ㶼ˣλ뿪ˡ
һϵĻڳˣȫȻҲԵ
һֱԵĺʱҲþƽģȴֲƽŮˡ
ԭҲ˰һ档
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Ц
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ʶҲһġҵһʱ򣬲Ҳͬǵĺôǻʧ˺ӶͦסڣͬͦܰҲ£Щ¶ңҵµġ
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꣬Һһʱڸ̸񹬵ôôȴĲмʱҼǵܲõƷ˲յ̬ȣܿʵʼңȷʵǲϲ񹬵˵ġǣֱһŰ˵񹬵ˣ̫Ķӳģ԰ǰĻΪȷӶһ˵ѲɣһĻʵۣҪƷ
һͳ಻Ȼȴ뵽ģûԸԼȨϷֳȥεˡ
ԻϵǿƣԸôһֱȥǲˡ
Ȼϸϸ˼ţͻȻüؿ㡣
㣬㰵ڵһʼҺ񹬵һеĹϵȫҲ̽Ҫаյ̣ûյ̡ҵˣȻܷΪƷţһε飬ֻ񹬵ˣܰʧԹҽڣŪȥҲɴˣʵʩѹġһûʮİգûһȷʵǲú͵ʥ̸ˡ
⼸죬һֱһߡ
˵ûƤ飬ҲôͰй¶
񹬵ˣѹûȥƤֱŮӻ
ңֱץߵܰһжͬˡ
ܰݣԶͬݻŵģ˿ǶԻݵġ
񹬵ˣȴĿȷ˿һУ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ͷβǵߣͱ˲һߡ
һߣһֱ̲ԣ˴¶ʱϴ񹬡
գ񹬵˳棬һСٽˣץܰ
Ǻǣ벻ҵߣһֱͷǱŰ
ԭžһӰ
ǰʱ䣬ǵܣǲпɵ˳֣
ʵش𣬡Уһֱү߾вڶڰжš
˶ţҲһġȻۣ˵ʹ


168 ѧ

᲻ں˵뿪һԹµʱ֪ж
ʱϰߣһûˣͻȻҲ˵ĸо磬Ҳһ
֣̿еڰεļá
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ڰһֱҧŴ֨
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ԶԶƮһ䣺ģˣһ㱨ѩ޵ġ
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ΪģֻΪǺò׻ָգָŵʱ˲ûˡ
ԭŮӷ»ˣȻЩͬŮ˵⣬ǣǸܹܾͺûθںòá
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ǽӣȻһֱģҪǿһ㣬Ȼǿסû
ֻǽȦűӵһٱ֤ţǷģҺӸܿġʱǽҵˣٻｫ
ͼܼһĿֵ뿪һֱôӽӵŮˣҲ³һ䡣
ʵҷڼҲôõġɵӴӣƺҲͦõѽһߣҲ֪²ٶꡣ
***Ƿⷢ
ȻֵܵıӰĬĬףֻԸѧһӲı죬ʱ򣬾ܰæˡ
صס
Ҳò˵ΣҵŮˣȷʵǿµġҿҺ㲻Ƕ֣Ҳǵˡǣ롣
ĮɨһۣȻʱҪеĻţ͸Ͻǵĸɫһ㡣
ˣеġϣСܳɰɡȻǵ츳ǲģ֮ϣֻҪѧˣѧһ̵ı£ԺҲһġǸһϣǻһЩӵġ
ֲ²ҪˣȻ۾б
֪ܲżˡǹץ˺ҾͲ²㣬϶Ϊġһε㲻׳ԣҲֳ˿Ѫµˡ㰡ڸĲءܸɴọ́Ϊ뵽Щ˽ˣܹܺá෴ģǵһһƬطվȽŸϣҾܿ㲻ǵȳ԰ˡ
֮ԻɳӽȥѧգԺ󣬻õˡʱ򣬾һ˵ùʱѽ
ȻٴģҲòϣһѶĺýá


169 Ůӻ

Լһ²⵽һ
ǵȳ˰ˡ
һܰ¼ʶһ㣬ǾǲôǮûʵȨ֣ûԼ֡
һУΪˮ¡
ƿ˵ʹ࣬ʹ˼ʹԶı
ǲɶҡĴڡ
ϣ˶㡣
οȨ˾õĴڣǲûġ
ȨйĴ˵Ҫڽһһشơ
λôǺãҾͰ㳹׵𡭡
ݷóˣȻóһֵˣ˵ŮӻҲٶȴ򿪡
һΣ忪ĻԾ飬鷳֮ģҲ޷ʩ
ֻǴһһ˵ܸ㶨ġ
Ȼ൱Ĵ
ңе
߽ȥһΰĹһ㡣
ÿһǰι۵ĹǣµĻ󣬶⼫ˡ
ǶǮ˼ҳȻϲɵģתĹĵá
裬ԣԼĵķա
ȻжǣһεĻٴδ򿪣ȻõȫǷǵͺ֧֡
ΪģֻΪǶһŰġ
һ컹ʱвٵķ˴żҶūιˡ
Ϊ׵ˣ½Ȼһ񣬿棬ܣȴͻʯ˵ġ
мǸԲε̨ܻƯͼ
ҿվ̬ˡʵҲ̨ȥģϧû츳һһ
һߵĳȻһϲԼ¶̫࣬ǰ裬Ǹã
ʵĲˡ̨裬ʼܻеӳأҲϰˡܶĸáҿ̨ӹ󣬲磬һξͷչλʱҺ¶ˣҲɱһġ
һ飬˵˶Ķѡ
еģȻ޺û뵽ЩڼĸǣҪͷ¶ġ
ʵҲ롣
ڣһλƷҲſڡ
⼸ûļ˵ģ񣬻б鶼˵ҲǼġ
ΣóȻ˼һ
һֱ룬裬ֻʱѴžһˡ
ЩšһŶǰԼļ԰һĹŽģǸ
ð죬ˣȻһ裬һ裬Ըģÿ̨졣ŻȻˣҲǰҺ㣬ԼĿǰλĿ˲С
𣿡Ʒ˵Ҳˡ
ÿվ裬Ľ̨ϵԱ
ºˣԼҲ̨裬Ȼֻ죬Ҳ
ţ̨㣬ǰ棬Ҷ߶һվ˸ˣÿа˸һ֣ʵҲͦġÿ˶л̨衣һĺˣٹ̶һЩˣÿˣиŻݵһϵл
ʵһҪŻݵ¶ܴġ
ʱ㸳һְ𣬶ڹ˵ҲһϿɣһֳϡ
Уڼ¿ġ
ڱΣأָоǰĩеиɾ
һеĹ˶˾ģԺ󣬸Ҫúõ
˵ֲ֣ʼ谡ֻȫʹѡȥ󣬻Һͼ˵һ˵ָЦң˵еûɸɣҪȥܡһʱȴֲȫþˡ
ʮ죬еӴȫġһ˵Ҿıġ˿һӸ̾
ɲôԺͻ۵ĵطءֹûĵطˡУҲÿ첻þѽ㲻֪һͻȻͻ·Ҫ塣ɶҪȥֱ˵ҪȥˣҪȥۻءСѾͷŸң˵ˣȥˡѽһ̰Ӵ͸èץһģܵҪ
һȺǵĸ̾Ȼĵط֣һˣʵǮеģʵϣҲǺܿɰġ
ȻдΪԼĸƯе׷ĻȻ˭˵ǾͲһȺɰء
װһº󣬻ڹʮٶȿš
һΣǽɩӻ
ֻǣһ֣ȴŮӻ
ԭҲȻ˼ȥձһ֡
Ҳûֹ˼䡣
˼Һúö֣ôͳ˻أ°
óȻǣڻһ죬֣Ҳϲˡ
ҵˣôҲһƷɡƹģһµĺͬԼĺˡ
ȻӹµԼԭ³ߴ縶ķʽȻֽ۵Ҳ˵ǵĵ̣׬ȡٵ
ңҲף
Ĳˣ˵˶ѩϼ˪
֣ǸˣôѴõóûгûҪۣ˾ллصģڣ˼һذ٣ⲻò𾪡
ˬһЦ
ᣬֻһˣ硣ǶƹͬҿƹģֵͶʡʱ⣬ҪõĽӡֳõĺϻˡ
ԣõĺ飡
ɣȻҲ̹ȻЦˡ
ȷʵ۹ġ
ʱټֵȴܻõĺȨ
ò˵˲ǳ棬۹⣬ҲͶʶĴڡ
ããţúǻĺһѡƹҼԺһ׬سɰǧġ
ֻ˵ЦЦӦ¡
ȻºΪλո˵ĺһԾΪĹ˺ֹһεĸ̾۹⣬̫Ҫˡ
ˣ۹ҪͶҲҪ
Ҫǵʱļѩ̿ľٶһõĺȨ棬ҵĴ¡
죬⡣
ҹĻ٣㿪ʼ
ֱʮٶۣ˸ϧһۻĳ
һգǰ硣
һĻ֮ȵģſȸ
λµĹ¿ľ󣬳̾һŰա
Ȼʱһͷ롣
ԹţҲҪֻǣ㱻ˡ
һֽԼװ׵дţһһС
Ҳ˵Ȩˣٹ¶ˡ
ңҲҵĵ̣һû켸أôͲأ
˺ſ飬ȴһУǰߡ
쿴һʩõĻɢʡ
ˣ㸳ôشְ񣬽ôҲð¶ˡŮ˵ҵ϶ŮġǳȻܰҵãҲţҽˡ


170 ڹ

ƹģǱ߶ҵˣҪȥô
üȥΪβȥȥιһ£˼ҵı仯ʲôģҲܽһⳡϣǿԽġ
űЦݻܣǼӵĻģҪӹܹҪóȻ֮ء
ʦ˲䣬Ƕˡ
Ȼĺܿ⿪ŵĵһ죬ȻҲվˡ
վ̨ϵĳȻ㣬˵ȽߣٶһˣģǸӡ
ͳȻǸ̾˲ۺ󣬿ٿҵˡ
˵ԱǼԼȻҲܳΪڶԱ
Ǿޱȵʥ
ʵ裬治Ƕ¶ɶһ˵Ǿ˲õĴڡ
𣬰̧֣ȡ
ʼ̨ϵļԱЩš
أû˳Цû˶Ͷ԰ۣ෴ģˣҹ˵Ҳͻָ糣
趯ƣҲԽԽ˳
һʱ˶ҵ˸о
һ˻Ը뿪
ҵΣȻʾ̵µĽ衣
Щ裬Ϳѧġ
һκöѧһˣϧΪرգǵĲࡣ
˾ϣһϲѾͷ
˾أȴطſڻվڼѾͷ
Ϊ׵ԲѾͷһһע⣬һЦ˵ŮֵĵطҴŽǰ˼˸λǿټ
㲻õؿŵļλ֣ʱ⼸λҲ߲ѵصͷء
û취֪ؾͿԡɢĽ裬˵ĿҲࡣˣ˻
Ҫ֪ǻϤˣнܵˣǲǽġ
ңҲһ˾ͿϾĳؾô
ǡҪͣΪ׵Ļ̌ס⼸λ֣ǿ֣Խġ
û뵽˴۽簡ֻǣ֫Ӵ赸Ůһ˷绪ô룬ǱĮشŮӣ赸᲻ᱻ˳Цûнأ
ϸǰŮӣͦͨģǻ䣬ȴơ
ֳĹǣ⻰Щɡ
Ͼ֫ӴڴǺܼɻġ
绪ʣڴ֮ͥ£Ҵٽ赸˷绪ˣ˵ڴϣֵܲСײ㣬Ҳ֫ӴˣһǲǷǵΪ֤Լڣźŵļ޸Ҽͺͷֵܰ
ıǽôҲ뵽ġ
صŭȻһЦ
ǺǣȤĽء֫ĽӴ赸ĽӴǲһġҲֻһ˵붯ﰡˣŸλǸټ
תһڳ˹ס
Цˡ
㣬ҲǶгǸ߾仰ƽϣҲвôµġɾͺðĶˣǣϿǵ
еŮϽӦ
ӣǴСļղŵ赸ȻӣʵϻǺܼ򵥵ġӣҲҪ̵貽ô᲻̫ûɫˣ
ͷȷʵ̫ûɫˡ磬赸ٸһ¡ҾͲˣƾǼ̺õˣܱȹǰֱɵĸˡڣһЩɫ赸⼸ȥݷһЩûĸ˼ңҾͲˣͰ첻
Ϊι̶ˣ˲̫ࡣ
ȫĮ򣬻֮ĵ˲
ΪȻԺܶҲǺġ
ǣûдﵽѵ֮ģȻĻǽȥġ
һݷúܶ˼ң͵õһӦˡ
һλ˻гԵĽŷ˵ģĻ
ǣͷ£ܿһˡ
һȺӿŮӷҲĳȻ߲
ˣǰǡ
ʲôնҽţǶĻҵɪ°ءӴӴǲǵɪӡϻҪƤҵˣҲԸôڸǰ԰ڵģ
·һ㲻
Դǰⷻźݡ
ȻһУü΢壬ĽⷻԵԼġ
ΪⷻǵĲʲôģȻǴӾĸߵ
ƵĿʽҲ
Ȼܶʽ㷻ԲЩ
Ҳһ󣬾ǲ㷻ʲôʽǽȡڵһʱڷƳ
զһϸͬ
ɣµһҲǲġ
Ҫһ㣬ǿԴŵ⣬㷻ֻ
һȥµˣҲ١
ǻҲʱڽ
ϲѾͷ˽һУĵظȻҧ䡣
ƹİĻ⣬Ұø̵ġû˵ĺöˣǺһ߶˲̵ء
ȻԴ
ⶼʲô¶ͶĽ췻Եǵˡ
ϾǶҾ
˿ͣôҲ˶أ
ⷻ˻ûʱΪ˿ͣߵ˴治ÿˡ
ǿҲɫԥؽ֪»Ҫġ
ɶ񣬿ɶĺܣǸ˼ʽӱ·ǰ԰ڵӴɷҲǼ·ȻҽŴȥһģһġ˵ǣǻȻǷĿʽѽޣˣô¶ȥѽι
˳󣬲ƽʱɫƽ͡෴ģһ
ڽõϿǼټġ
ȻЦ߹ȥݸһ衣
õã󰡣˵˵·ĿʽǼʽôҲƵġˣҿ·ء
һᣬ˸Ͻ
ѽɲôҵĿɿСĸζ¶þһ³ˡ첻ҪٰŮĶô
ûǶͷ϶ҲġҪһ¿ʽ·ҡʱҵķͷҿɲ㰡
ãҪͷء
ȻЦο
գҾרΪ·¶ͺúõȥ
õһϲ̵ȥ衣
Ȼûȥ裬ڰǰ㿴ҿġ
˵ǼʽҸ˵Ƴġ·ûóȥôͱѧأ̫˼ˣ
Ȼǲõ˵
ڹ
µ̣кü·ˣǴġ
Ȼʱ˵ʱҲ˵ġ
ǣ˭ָҵЩǮƵʱ򣬻뵽֮ء


171 

ţпܡһȥôһ±ˣ¶ΪǵĹϵãûйǡҪһˣֻ˵ǰѿʽ͸¶ȥײûءǣǵĿʽⷻ˸ѽ飬һҪ飬ԺĿʽֻ¶˵ġ
Ҳ֪ԣԵϣϲѾͷͼһ·ȥ
ǣЩǴͷɥ
ǻֵ̿ӣ־ûǵ¶кüҪҹ£ŵӴҶˡ
Ŷ
Ȼšü
ûڹ¶治ðˡ
Ȼʱһֽϡ
һȴһ
һм䣬һǶ˲ˡ
ˣǵĳ·֪ˣʽĵطרŶء
һֽȻԽпࡣĻ
һСģ㱻˸ӣйܿʽȥ
˿·ˣȷǰȫŵġ
⣬ͳϡ
ˣ¶ĲŪȥһǵøϽשͷ֮ճһܷ͵ơ
ŮˣҪôãѲɣȥˣڽӺҲڣҪ˿أŵĹء
ʱ䣬µ꿪ţȻָĲϳɱߡǣӣǻˮһ
ȥҲء
ûӵӣȱȫУ
ȻҲΪͷأڵȫ޷ġ
ʱȫȻŮûп죬Ҳ˽λѵƢԡ֪ÿ϶Ҫӹˣܲ˵ġ
ߣȥôܵÿİɡ
ûɵظţһµȥ
µڻ͹ӪŵĵطǼĴ֮ģµ̵ˣæ顣
ֹôš
ӪʱȻҲȥ˿Ĳ
ʱ䶼оЩ֮ģΪֻЩתñߵܰѳ
һתʱǸתǣЩ֣ҲڲĹ⣬취⡣
Сص˽˵ģʱȻɨһܡ
ҲһܹС룬ôֹܷǵĶ˵ԣԷֹоĵ˵Ƴɹ
µʧóȻҲ˾衣
ȵԼƾĶ˱˵ķˡ
ǿа취ģģֻҪ˿ΧڣԶġ
֪СһҲģ෴Ļǵչʾһ
ʲô
һĶȻ㶼ʡ
ٺ٣֪˰ɣǹӪȻʺ񣬿ҲɵӡⷢĶܲѧȥɡҹӪѧܶĶǣʱҲİΪ˷ŷҾһ߷ֻҪЩܵĵ£һ̤ƬطǶ֪ġղţʱƬķΧҲġһСȥģȻôҲ֪ÿܼˡֻҪһ̤ƬΧͻһ𶯡
СָָԼϵһСƬ
û뵽ӪˣȻһš
⣬У
Ȼ㶼ϲ񰡣ɶжϵӣãھǰ
˵ȱǮأͷϵͳ
զаŷƵĶǶһġն˳ǧҲ۵ġΪɶΪĻһƬط˷¡
ʱŷϽӹ
ﱧһƬһֻֻﱵ
ֵӣҲǹȵĴյǰ
ǣǣҾ˵ŷǰ˰£ֻҪҪĶ϶Ƴģǣһô
ŷϱҲˣ͵ͷУ㰮ȥɡѾͷȥ߶һ£ֻҪǵľΧⶫָ𶯡
ŷϰϵǸԲƬȻϽȥ
ˣˣĶأ̫ˣôƵأ
Ƭϸŷϵһϸϸ˿
һƬط𶯣Ҿˣ϶Чġ
ĳȻȥһˣеĸһֹʱķ֮§һŶ
ҲҲŷǰ̫̫ˣôҲΪһ׳ǸڣǸ¼䰡˵ǵƣǵðеȥǱ߶Ҳܾ
ҪŷϵҲûֱܾӴһߵıҨһᣬ泶һһӡȥɣЩڵϣ˴ⶫϸ߶ϣֻҪ˿ܸо
豸˷ܵؾȥ
ϸϸز쿴һҵ񱻸Ƶĵط
ˣӣҿôԣúɪ
ʼʱǻҪװ֪Ȼȴܹ顣
ڳһ˼ǡҪŪһЩֵˣ˽Ů˵Թ
ԣǲǰôǾһЩֵǡǵ棬ȥϺ󣬵ʱͿϷɹ
ټµ˹ֹŰ˵ˣһȫɴ۾λˡ
˵Ц
úã治ô˹
һߵĳµܼ˵Ľתתкȥȥˡ
˺󣬳Ȼ֪·вͬ۹⣬ңַҲú󣬱µ̡
ԴӶһλܴµ꣬ЧʵĶࡣ
ң˶Դ̬ȣҲ൱ĺõġ
෴ÿƽģҲǼ˼ˡ
Ǹ˾͸տź;
ڼ˼̵е̣ʶĶֵ¶
˼ֻҪϵһʱ̵˱á
ڰ죬͸飬дġ
ܰʱµ鼮Ҳ࣬÷˼˼ѧ뷨
һӣѧϾˡ
ϽȻҲǿġ
ģҲЩ뷨ʹ㣬Ȼ䷽氲ԱԱôķ棬϶Ҳеġ
ʵԹƿ˱Եٷġ
вˣʿӵܳˣܵõһְٰġ
ڲٺѧӣͶһЩļ壬ɣյõ֮ģгͷصĻᡣ
Ҫ͢ôһֱɵ˵ء
ʵϣһֱǳ͢ﲻĵİϵ
ô˲ţУգǵ


172 

ߣʱ˼ˣǿ϶Ĺ١
ʱڳ͢Ҳͻȫߡ
ߣʱǵĳԶһܰ飬ֻؿ˱ߡ
Ůףһʱˣȫȥˡ
ǳȻڴæˣҲʱȥһˡ
ӯš
СпߺȲϣʦүæż¼ŸǮ
***
˵ȨƣȷʵǼءȫǵˣֻһءѽְȻɰȥĵĽǡ
ˣ˵ţڵɫҲǰʱǰ԰ף°գɨһɫ
ʱĳȻ,ǰǰǿһȦɫ
Ȼûָ󣬵˿ɫҲࡣ
ţ棬˵һܰµġǺЦֻǰһ档˵ٵˣǰȥ֣԰ķİգ
õ棬ᵽйܰڵһС
ᵽϾ󣬱㱻ܵعѺһƬ档
ƺǻʵǶҲ֪ġ
Ҳ棬ҲǻĬ˵¶
Уڸܰһ仰ãҡ
򵥵ĸ֣ȴʵǳֱʡ
дһȻ̶̵ֻļ֣ɳȻҲ§˯˸ȵľ
֪ץߺÿ϶جΡ
ȻҲ֪Ӧ£ûõȷеŶģȻûû䡭
ţˣܶҺúǻٴġ
ҲãҪһЩɡȻ׼Ǹˣһֱȥɣ֧㡣
Ȼع⵹Ȼ൱ɻˡ
ɫþ㣬Ǹͬôˣ˵ڲǸȥ˱ĵط
Ц֪£θɣ
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ȻĿһ£椶Ե˶һλǸͬĶ
ǵĹϵԼҲǰǸλøһ㣬Ƕͬռеĵ̸һЩա磬һ˲ᶮ
ʱǱЧĵطܰÿ첻ǿ羰Ƕ顣
ߣһСˡ
ȻС˱ϺܹҲ¶֪ӣֻܰǰС˿
ҪĸЩԶҲܵġ
ȴӣҲ֪һΪ£
һ죬ſ羰ʱ̾
ͼ޶ֱ󣬸ϧһĺӡ
Ȼ˼һ㣬ͬ˼ǡ
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Ҳ֪ʱ
˭
ʱһСѭȥȴһ۾û̫ɵСվһԹ¡
Сģһ϶͡
飬ҲûСа
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˭ֻһ·ˣС
ﻹС⵹Ҳܰһ
ңСôҲǸˡ
·ˣŶҲǴǾЩ·ôϲ˰ÿöĺóԵġֻҪѼʳȥǣͿԻöĶԡϧﲻûһһأ
С˷ܵرȻţһֻ۵ָҲҧ˱š
ˮӣ뵽һЩóԵİա
Сʲô֣
ԼҲһСԭǰ۵СȴҲûܰ
ĵ̫ãҲЩһ¡
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Сͷʣ˱һֻ֪ǶСҲСˣ㿴ֶôˡսҶ֣Ц˵ҳء
СԼ͵֣ˮͺѰְִ֣ġ
˼žܰҲ۵СŶ֪ˡ
תϵСģǸ˼ӡ
СԼһһ;ܰȥ
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ף㿴üŭĿصԼء
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̧ܰȱߣãΪȴ̼˱
ץһŶͿӹȥ
ҲңҿңҴҴ㿴ңҴ¡˵˵ģ˸۸ңҾͻҪģޣɶè
۴ԶԷĲһ
Ͻ˸ȥܰùϵģڿɺãôǽ̵³ӣѽҲ
ҲŹǺ߲ѵشͷϽȥӣ˰С
˭̵ģ˭ԷҪˡ
֮ԻСΪĻܰӴҲŻ¡
***
ڿɺãСܰ϶²õӡˣһٽСкã
ŵڵϲϵؿͷС⣬ⲻǰʱڴôвٴͯ۸ȥʱ̵˵ֻҪ۸ģȥңȥ̵
Էſŵҧĳһ䡣ϡѽѽ
һѽŹǺ
Ҫ֪Щ꣬СǺãɶԱˣ治ôġ
ΪС飬ٴδŭλӰɡ
ϣ㱻ȥϴ¾֡
С˵ˣʱӦþģȸϴ¾ڴһʱաֻҪˣˣСܻٻȥġ
Ѻֶ⻰תߡ
§ŻһС·С㣬չ鲻ҵŮҵŮô˺ǵӴһڡ
ܰǣԴǸСԼͺСͣװһµˡ
һοʱ񣬾Ȼη塣
Ȼҧָ˫ų۾ȴҲ˺ݲİߡ
ģҲͺͱҳ
ϾǸС̫⣬ҲĻش
ܰҲóһѸϢƺһˡ
ڱ˱гɶ
ΪɽһˣҪΪǶˡһҲȻҲжѽ
ֻԷ£ֻΪġ
뱦Ӵɾͷŭ⣬ģСԵҲ³۵ĺܡ
ʱܰҲӴ棬ԴοԼǵ˼֮顣
ģҲСһЩõϢ
һ죬СֱǽߺܰɨһԶľ


173 Ըװ

֣ϣƺи
ʵϣİ
ңǱİ棬վһŵڡ
Щȫ·Ļ
ԺܰһֱԼĸ
ϧôҲ벻ˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳǿطġ
֮ԲӣΪ֪ӳȥ󣬴ӴԼֻܱźڹһݣô죿
֮ǣҲԴȻڴʱҲǸȻȥġ
Ļݵ˲ġ
ȻܼϴҲйϸģºҲϴ
Ҫ֪ܼϴڻס¶档
ϾϴһֱڵԸǰڽ¡
ŶܼϴֻǱˡ
ɣӣҲ˭
ӱֻ֪һжĸˡ
ɴˣҲ͵óˣֻһˡ
һˣһųմСĸˣ
ܰٴҡͷ
ʣ֮棬൱԰ġ
ͳȻҲֻǵһΡ
º󣬸ǲͱŮġ
¾һֱų⡣
ҿû˼һĵϷ죬Ҿ͵Сˡ
ܰ˯
棬һ¥ᡣ
棬¥¥Ǽġ
ܰÿվڴ̨ǰܸоڶ͵Լ
൱Ĳáÿ˯Ѵؽ
һˣڰ͵ţĸо
ɶڿȷĻݵˣ϶Ǿ͸ˡҲǱĶˣҪ
Ũüܰߵط˸
Ҩһ֯Ǻܲ
ȴ֧ȥĶ
ѾͷһҪͦס
սյǼ䣬ǵζлϢ
ɹˡɹˣɹˣһĳɹѽϽϽȥѾͷȥǣôҲףһ
ŷϿת֯ӯ
һߵС۵ضĹߡ桭̨һ֯أôãһһĲʵأ
ץߵĺ쳤ŮҪҧ
ȴ춹һžɡ
ȥҪҧ֪ҧԼְҵֿɲҧء
СҲǴսٺٵЦ춹춹һһɣ̫̫أһУһġôһ̨zӵĶǹӪ˾Ȼɹ˹
춹ҲǺ뵽ĹԱ֮һ
֮ǰȻԼһġ
춹ãԼһͷ̫
ңЩǹ
***Ӫ׳
ԥرѡ˼Ӫ
ȻǸŮˣ֮ڵҲеġ
ңƻǴĥһЩȹӪǵϹǲ
ΪڼʱСǴĥ߳ġ
ңҪһЩ飬ҲǼ׵¶
Ļ˵ǱоҲעⰲȫɡ
ֻСй򣬻ŷṦ򣬲Աһǡ
ûṦ򣬾ͼһ棬һԵִĥ
Ҳܳ䵱ְ
ΪˣȻҲû˵ʲôʹ˵ͷӪ
˺˷ܵĪС
Ҫ֪Ӫ棬ȫһϹ춹лʷ۵ĹǼټġ
ΪˣСǼĴڹӪ
к춹ĵطСӰ
Ҳ֪ˣС֣ǰȷʵϲ˼Һ춹ġ
˭㣬ҲĹȥ֪ͨȥε˷ܻˡⶫпܾȳжˡ
춹Ҳ˷ܵػߡ
һȺӪûй񣬸вʵĶѧ
ں춹˵ҲһȤ¶
ҪģڳȻǰܸоء
³ȻµūǣʼȻͶԹ
أҲͶص
ЩأôҲܲġ
ڵҲԽԽԼļҡ
ȥҳȻʱļܼҲŸȻһ֧˼ҵϲȥˡ
ҵա
춹֪˾ȻŮˡ
ʱ˵ĸֵʱ
ò˵˼ҵȨȷʵǼġ
Ů޵ӣȻȫǵ˴󲿷֡
ǰǵľۼء
úǸǾۼĵط
ڵģ˼ķΧҲ㹻ġ
ΪãԲ˶һƬ԰ɢ
ȻغȲ衣
ҷ֣˶ǣҲǼ鰡߻˶ҸǾ̫ˡ
Ȼһ裬غ£۾ɢĸСǡ
ĹСǵĲ١
ԳţЩȫԼƯ·ϡ
ЩϣдǳǵĻµ̵ġ
˴ǵ·Ҳֳɾ͸а㿴°źģҲǰųµĿʽҵķôʹˡߵŮҲһĿʽŻĸŮװء
ǰʱ˿ǴߵĽءȻؽӻ
Ҫ۾һ£֪ȴһ
ҲϽͱ첲ӴӴ㿴Ϸϳء֪һ˱绨Ǹʲôĳ氡
Ȼһ񣬸ϽԶ
Զһλֺؿ
⸾һ൱۵
ûһοյ·ǰҲĺܿ¶صĻԲԭ⸾ҲͷףԲģмӣҲˡ
һοյ·Ư˵˼µġ
ҪģȴǱһϸϸĴһӯ
ƨԲϸ
һǰƶһġ
ƫƫ̧°˴к
в˶һԸеװ磬Щ塣
ϾʱˣִôĿš
ܶ˻ǲò̾Ǽϵοյ˳ĵĸӵ硣ˣҲ˶
һ·˵ĲĿӣҲķӦ˰ա
ƫƫȴ˵
￴˵Ľһ·˴۽š
ɲôǼϵСôôʽĵĺðţ˶˲١
ŰŵĶȷʵǺÿ
ЩĽӵĵɪˡ
С׶ⷻءµĿʽĿǰ˵ҲʸµʽءλϲĻҲȥٶ׶͸λġ
ôðɣⲻƷô


174 

ʲôϽõģǮһںġ˵ˣⷻң˵Ĺϵǰֻҵĳɱ۶ԾϸֻһЩǮͰˡͼλǵ׶飬һƷѵӴ
ǣǸðٱǮǻģǵóӴ
ҲĽ׵ĶԱϽҪ
***Źͷǹô
һ̣ڸǵֻļҵ涩·ǾͲٹעˡ
ȻƫƫȴЦָ
¿ʽҿǸ绨ϣĶˡ绨ϣ˺üء룬ȴϿһףȴ֮ⷻΪµĿʽ˺ˣѲɣⷻˣǼ绨һ׺ÿԹŪȥҿɲ⣬ⷻˣҼҵ绨ȱأ
˵⻰ģӭͳˡ
ʱﱧŵģҲĽ绨ĳë
Ʒ֣ʵִĲ˹
ʱƷֵĹǼټġ
ɫëƤϣһο˵׶
ʱСΧŵˣؽһͷ˵ָ
ϸ绨ϵǼ׶ɲϵǼ׶һô
ŻȻ
ѽ˵׶Ϥء밡׶Ȼ绨ϵһءӴӴ绨ǰѽⷻģô˵ʳ¯¿ʽ
˹ⲻʡ
ɫɺףڹ֣յĽġ
ʱǿ̧°ͣûת뿪ֻάԼһ档
ˣǰìܣҲùף·ײôˣô˵ĺء
ǰһ̧̻߰ͷȴͻȻת˽ɫ˵Сˡ
ǰת䣬˲侪ڳˡ
㣬ظ̾
ѽι˵ôһᵽλλԼ岮С檣޵ġͳϷòǰûٸءĸڼ϶ڵļլġ
һͷٿʱҲû֮ǰôϬ
ϰ⸾˵Ц
ӴӴҺɶ϶⻰˵е˺Цˡڳ绨ϵ·Լ˵·¿ʽҼ绨Ҳǰһ׶
Ŷˣҵþһ£ⲻν涩绨룬еˣȻֹĿʽȥ˴·󻹺㴩ţҿ㲻Ӧù㴩·¶Ӧ룬ΪʲôЩ˻оĵ㴩Ź·
ڴôĴĽǣʶģ˵̫Ļɸȥ˱ĵطϳǹĿǿǶѽ˵һ˼Ҳûʶ尡ˣΪԭء
ߵĽˣҲȰοǻ
ѽɲô⻹ǸأҪȥ˱ĵط˼ҿĹʽϣǲŽе۶Ӵѽﰡҿɵ˵һʵڻ⿲ֹ绨ţǸڵĹϣҲһġ㰡ǸϽؼȥ·ɣϲӣôĵ¶Ӵ
ǻϰ׵ĻһȦӣ໵һ죬ת˵Ժӡ
ĶӵĻ˳˿
һϷȻ˭ʾġ
ȻʱҲ˵ʱһϷ
ǻ⣬һϷա
ʵʱȻҲνĹڻ
ǻֻҪʰѵһⷻˣǹᴩ˭ϣ治ϸĹ˼ġ
뵽⴩ſˣ϶˵ĸϳ֡
룬˵϶ͷһҲȷʵ˿һϷ
һأⷻ˿ǳԲ˶ءٺٵЦ
Ҳһǻӣҿֻǳһӣ¶ǻĨƽġ˽ѵúⷻһӡֻҪǼҵĳ¿ʽķ棬ۼ˵ӡ
֣ȻѹͲ
õĿʽлۻǧĹĻ
һе㷻һʱˡ
ⷻôоϸԱкõĲϣôգֻҪ֯һ
Ѿͷûоãⷻĳ֣᲻̫ɺһ㣿Ҿãұˣץ˵ˣ˵һӵء
***ɺ
ԹӵͣסȻ̧ͷŶĵ㡣
Ҳã
԰һֱģôɺϵ飿аûиоⷻΪҪǵġ˵ǲʲôծţ
˵ǣȻͬ
ᶨҡͷᣬбŮˣҲνķ¡֪ģǰȻٳҲĪġܲϲ鲻רˣΪŵүүĴڡˡ
ܰڸϵ飬һֱŵġ
µʱ̣λʹãҲһĿô
ˣǰλ̵ģ˭֪˼һ᲻ⷽİҪ֪λ̿һҪ޸ܰ󣬺ҲûŸôǵõʱȥʱﻹΪһҪǾѹţ¶ڴˡܸҲòܵʼҵˣ飬һֱųҸоһܰ鶫·Ϊ⵱̣
ķţ˵ɷ¡
ΪˣȻҲȷϾЩû֮ǰȷʵǲ֪ۡ
飬ܻḡˮġţֻҪҪ鷳󣬻ǻ
бһҲûڰʹ
⸾Ű
ʲôµģھԵʵǰٶıƣҲֻֽϻ⻰һֱŷŵء
ִĳΰ˵ԭϣƺҲġ
ۣĳǱӡ
¶࣬ڵ˻󣬱ҲϽ뿪
صң㿴춹ء
ʲôɹˣĳɹˣ
һ侲ĳȻȻҲһ
¸Ϲֺǣ۸Ͻȥһ£ǳˣһ̨ɾӳ˼ˡ
קס塣
ھֵʱײĽҲû


175 С

Ŵԭкģȴ˳ֱӾͳԼˡ
ˣӺ˷ܰ˱ץˣȴ˷ܣ
һеѾͷͲмƲָˣҲǽġż찡ɫ󣬴ͷβҲûǱץ˵ĸ˼ҡĸˣµԭİǶ
ԣ⣬˼˸ˣҪ֪ȥ˺εءֲĸоˣֻҪǲ
˵С㣬ǲ̫ˣ˼ﲻǺԸ
ȥȥС㻹ǣϽġߵغȳ⡣
СѾͷһµعԶˡ
ųȻ뿪ķ򣬡ԸǲҪ̫¶Ҫʱ
ɫ䣬ǽһĨЦ
ˣˣѾͷϽ˵֯ģǲģ㿴ⶫ֯
ŷһȻ˽ˣϽקһ߶ȥ
̨֯ĻȻ˶ĻҲ˵
ǲ϶Ļ⣬֯¸ֿĸĶȴã˵Ŀɹ󰡡
оˣоء̨Ҿȳǵĵ
̨ת֯ȻĵЦˡ
ҲһĸŻȻģģȴǻȵġ
ûһ̣˵Ŀõʤ
ڻ֯һƥĻȻʱŵᣬ
úãⲼָڲϣֻⲼֹ֯ĻҪȣҪƯ
治ŰĻ֯ĲƥĵһĲһġһĲϰȴ׵ľˣ˵ǰҲл֯ˡ
ЦͳȻսȭͷ
˱Ȼһʤơ
Խر
Ĺǣֵ赸ҲŤ
춹ǱСм䣬ҲԺһǶһء
Ȼ춹ʼһ˽ȥºҲ֪ôģһ˦ߵһ߶ͬŷһ衣
ں춹ĮС൱ơ
ƤĴ˹ȥ춹ֵأ˼д͸ģھ˷нҪΪָҲ֪ںδ
춹ҲֱŲų衣
ŷСһۣһЩϷءϽһ߶ȥ
***ӪȤ¶
С˸ûȤҲʵ뿪
һߵĳȻˣˣͣ
һƥȻ˺ü鲼϶
ߣȥȻⶫŪˣʵ˺С
ڸԼСһء
ʱ䣬ųȻǼСڣҲźСߵĽˡ
ͶŮ߽һЩֺͺһ֣ʧ˸׵ϣ෴ģǣ׽ˡ
һ㣬ҲС
ү·˺СһǰǼӣƺ¶㡣
ǡʱ˴С˽
Сߡ
ֹ˹ԼСŶϽ˽ϡͰôʱΣǼϽõ衣
ԥһ£Ҫ֪裬Ǽİ
оλˣ᲻̫˵㣿
ţˡ
ϣһĨǻ
ţȥ
ҪȻ뿪ȴԽŮͣһӴǰա
̧ͷģЦ
ɫƺ˵ˣ㻹ķô
һʱ䣬شͷߵԼķһ͡
ȻҲһ
˫󣬿һȻԼǽضȡ˳
ƹģһ㿴㿴Ĳϣ۳⺣ȥΣ
ϸؼǲϡ
ǶŹա
õĲϣŹߣܿļ϶ܶΡ
֯ľȣ㲻͸СһĹ⡣
෴ģ֯ĲãǴСĹâڹһӳ֪
ӳ⣬ٽžǳ
һƥõĲϣҪ͸飬ҪܶȻͶΡ
ˣٳˣֹЦĴָ
һĲϡֲϣڱһƥġ棬Ҳһƥļ۸
Ȼܱţ۸񣬻Ϲ˿֮ģס֪Ĳϣλҵһ֯е֯ģ֪ģǸɶǮܴ֯ﵽ˵ı׼ģĴﲻ
ֵ֤󣬳Ȼİ˿
غ˿ˮףζ
θڿһֱŵģһȱ֪Ǻûǻġ
Ǻǣλˣ裬ȻϺõĲϲһٰʣµһλƹĴߡִȵһ֡
˾Ӻãһ϶ѵ˺󣬱ѳ
ԸҲҵ֮;ԽԽԶ
ϾµˣǸ˶ϲġ
ȻЦƴǣţҶ¶̸̸Ⲽϵ¶գֲϣǲдĲҪ٣Ǿֻ֯ǣ֪ƹɳԵ²
ֺԼҷȻ΢Цŵġ棬Цݣͱ𾪡
ȻعҡͷǺǣҸ˼ûҪϣ֪ģ֯кõҹͣ֯ţôҲʮµģ֯һƥɡ
գе˺ãҲ˻ҵʱҲѧ֪֯ⶫ΢ƿصĲãһз񣬻˻˵ӣ֯ܶȲһµĲ
֪ģǮҲǺܹصġ֯ĲҲʮƥжƥǶ϶һĲϣҪٱҪ٣᲻ᡭ̫˵
Ц绨ȻȴΪȻؽˡ
ؼվˣ˵ˣλƹĲ˵ЦġΪֻΪʵˣóܶȣͶһĲ
˾Ĳ豭
Ϣ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ϣһֱǲķա
֣ǲ֣¢ϵг
ȻÿΪ˽Щҳȥ򣬻֯ĵطҲϡ
ΪģЩȥ
ȻԱֻô࣬һһĴ
ÿĻȫǹӦ


176 

һҲֻܿЩӴѵʧ
Ϊˣÿǰû̾
ǺǣƹĺѽĻɫҪ٣Ƕܶ㡣ңıڳɫһ˿һҲġ
𾪵ӣ³˵Ļ
Ҳˡ
վ˻Ӹ첲
޾֮·޾֮·ºˣºˣһ̶ֱӣϢĴ£ڿԴԸˡ
Ҳؽˣڵϲ衣
ģԼҷԸǳһӴ̶ӡ
Ϊڹ⣬Ǯˡ
ֻǣ̶ӣһҪгĻԴС
һֻл
ֲ̳ݺʮΪˣڶݵļʧ󣬻ϸ˻Դ顣
ֻһֱӦϻҿȫԽǮ͸һƥӡ
ôһλȻˡ
ǺǣͲˡһֱܹӦĻԴҵȻ԰Ѽ۸󻯡ΪȥҲܹӦϰʲôģܴܿȥʱ˶֪гĻԴؾγ¢ϵơһ˵۸ܲȥؼģԴһֱǹؼһͳһ۵ļ۸Ҳȥҵֲ֪ϣǲʲôɷŪİɣ˵ӦͬĻɫӣҿɲĲϣ˹֯ģ
Ҫһ˵ǣȻ˵дĻԴֶ֪ôҲ˹֯ġ
ڲг˶ľ飬Ҳ벻͸ǻľͰ׻ء
ǺǣʲôĶ֯ĲʱǾͲ͸¶ˡҿȷ˵ֶȷʵܱ֤óġĲϣĿǰǵ˵һƥġ
ȻˣǻӦӹӦġйڻԴԴ㲻òġһ
˵Ȼؿ˿ˡ
ǲϾЩĵء
ȥȥ㣬ҲѲҶٰһЩλƹĴȥ
˵Ҳ飬æЦ뿪
ǸһЦҲ֪Щ飬̫֪ġ
ˣԵĲɵˡλƹ뵫˵޷ʲôҪһٰԼֵ֮ܣҲȰԼǩˡԺ¶˵˵
ʱŷŰԼõֵĵġ
ȻֵýЩҲ÷ϡ
Ͼ˴⣬ֿɲ
ţԼ¶һ̸Ҫ̸һǣֲϣǲڴۡУйҺвϵ飬ϣƹȥ
Ŀǰȱӣ˲ҲҪ۳ȥ
ɴ׬ǮҪ󲻸ߣֻһڣ׬ǮҲ㹻
Ժ󣬷ǵûȥȡܰɣʧȴҲۡ
û֯ԷĶ
ֻҪӵйӪһˣִ֪ʶĲοЩնҵ֮·ġ
ˣش飬ȷʵһʱһʱ
ҲǸͨ͸ˣһ͸
ָظиţȷʵҹøҲֻһѡ֪ǮĶֻ£ǵһʱͲŹ٣ʱǸǻǶ˵ѽ飬һעġλƹĵģ飬һᾡ̶ܳȡ
Ᵽ֤ȻҲס
ţƹģ۹ⲻڣƶԼɡ
š
ȻҪ˵Ҫȴء
ϣܰѺλƹĶȫˡԼҿ
Ȼ̾˰۹ġ
ֻǣĺԼǲǩġ
㿴ҡͷЦŴ
ƹİǩݺԼɣԺɶ⣬Ժ˵˵ˣԺǻ᲻ᷢĶҲ˵
ЦţȴһֱڳȻϡ
֪ڵԼһ仰أȻһƹģֻҪ˲䣬ҿԱ֤Ƿ˱ĲҵһʱΪ۵ġڱģĲ֤ˡ
ʵҲ֪ԼһҪ̫˵㣬ܵõȨѾ⡣
úãĳסλƹˡǾⶨԼ
ٱʱ˰Ѽһ͵ĲҶȫ͸ˡ
ҶǸмˡ
û취˰ЩСն
йڿڸ֮ĶͲܾġ
԰һ
ϣ§Լ޺Ǹиš
Ҫˣĸ۹⣬ȷʵǺõġƹģȻһŮ֮ǵĵмʶԼ˼ά֮ģ˲ڣö˶ˡ˰Ժ󣬻ö͹ĸ߶߶Ҳ˼ҵĻۣҪѧϰġ
ΪһϲԸҿĸһ仰ŲںλƹַڿĸȷʵǺġƹģڷº󣬲һĸǰ㰧ˣ෴ģӦһӦ飬ֵŮصġ
˵ǡˣǡҲЪϢȥա
ƹ£Ӱ϶Ϊһ
һֻ̨ķѵ̫ˣǻȥɹһЩʱ䣬ôҲ²ܳһ̨
ȥ·ϣȻ뵽һ̨ôҲġ
ȴĺܺãɶ¾¡ڽҪģǵøϽм۱ˣ⼸˿ǹؼﰡѧ˼Ǵ·ɵҼĸѾͷûоãԽĴ󣬵֣ҲԽǽȱءбҪǰѵһЩ˲Ĳźء
λĵķˣʩɣ⺢ûԹء
ʱһ˴źǰ֡
˳ĻǰһͭӣߣߣϽߡ
ллллĵķˡ
Ȼؿ⸾˺Ǹӡ
ӿҲʮһˣ
ͷݻƣҲǼĺӡ
ڽӴʱ⺢ӵ˵Ӻȥ
ǸЦ֣⺢ӵļȫˣС˿ģǸҲãһȺûĺȫ˳ȡȡ
ƺ˷纮һ˵Բѣϸ̵ںĺĶ
纮ˣ⺢ӲģȻǰһĵʡ
㿴ü
ˣǿģҲϰƶĳ̶Ⱥ󣬶ֵĽײ㣬Ϳľ


177 йµ

ңǱĮ֣Ǹ˼Ҳࡣ
żˣҲͲʩͷ֮ġ
һ˵ûʱġ
ڿȻĵǰѯʣЩõؿһʱøϽȥ
ȵȣҺ⸾һӡ
ǣȻǿģǶǶûȥЩʳ
ǰĵķˣǸ߼Ҵˣһӵˣߣ⺢ӻǴöĺӵĵﰡһһҵˡµҲʮӣǽһЩ˴ǳ·ϣҲ˲ٵˣֻʣҺͺǼЩӡֻѽƽĳҵˡ
***粨
ĻȻҲĳһׯˣȥȴֻʣһЩе˳
ܴȥǵֵĵطôҵĵǵõıء
Ȼһȴ㼱С
ѾͷǻǼ°ôйڡ
ؿ飬ŵǸ˺ͺɪһ¡
ųһ·˲˵
Ȼףĵؿ㣬㣬㲻ǸղŻ˵Ӧ÷չһЩѡôѵһЩ˲ţҾãԴ֡һĻȶĳʳŸɾ·ΣʶĶ֮ģãǽ᲻Ϊô
⻰Ƕֵ۾Ź⡣
ҲˣճյؿųȻٿһߵֵһһС
ճ̾һΪʲôͬһطˣͬĴԣǲ뵽һĵطءѽͬһ飬ܻҵ̻еĴԽŮܻķˮ
Ҳеˣһʱ뵽Զ
ͳȻһǴԽʿȻЩ飬벻Ҳ

ڳȻܴϸ֣ܴҵ̻
ܻ쵽ڣĲֻǴԽŮݶɡ⣬Ǻ۹⣬˼άԼжķеĹ
ллˣллˣһˣԺţᱨġ
˾ǣǸĺӣȻʱ¿ͷ
㿴ⶮµĺӣ̾һƶ˼ҳĺӣǳɳµĶࡣ
˴СѵԺĻǳһƬصġ
Ѿͷǵ̺ţء
ǿͷԣԱô̺šҲζˡ
ţǲȨ죬⼸ϣǵ㼣õģ̺ܰ⼸ȥգһҶǮׯ鲼£Ǿĳɾˡ
ĳɾͲ㡣ĳɾͣǻȥƬɵطٽһɷĶȼٵ֮أִһЩʩֵĶȥʱԼҲиֵĵطõĵض
ȻЦһ̣ҰġҲˡϣ
˾סĵطһƵԺ
˵ԺҲֻһЩдʯͷ˶ڶϴһЩݣһϢĵط
ȥʱѹֵؿԡ
żкӵĻЦ
˶ǳԲȲůĺǣǵͯ棬Ȼڡ
ųȻ˻ʱһȺֵĺȫͣһӵ
һȺӣģҲʮˡ
СģҲꡣƸСģڴ﷢ߵʱ˸ɾ
һȺӣҲپҡ
ҲвʮĺӣѵЩ˲Ű
Ҫ֪֮ĺӣֻҪѵһ꣬԰˽ɳȥȶ
СģͶѵһ¡
һЩĸ֮ġ
ȻеԵĲˡ
Ǹ壬Ҳ
Щ˼ңڴʱҲǸڿ˶
ֻҪٸǷ棬ܳԱĹЩҲҳϵġ
һԺ̺ţз֮֯Ĺ֣Ҫȥ
뵽̬Ҳ˲ˣһˡ
ӣǲǷʲô¶ˣʱһ˳ȳȻɫȻĺȳ⣬ڿȻʱ̬ȴǫ͡
˵ĺӳײ˹ˣλ̧֣ЩӣҲֻǶˣŻǵ¶
⻰˼ﺢӣƽʱҲڶ˵ʱżЩɾ¶⵹Ǹ⡣
ֻ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ˣʽѵҲøϡ
λϲأӲ顣෴ģ⺢Ȼ֣ҲʶȤĽҪҪġ
ȻĻû˵꣬ӱ㱨
λ˵Ǹɽˣпܣ˵ԺǾͲˣǸλһзԣ´ʶĶֵĺ
ⷬһ;˶˳
СӵģҲжʮ
ǣҲķ̫Ǯ
˶ˣҲǸ⡣
λˣ˵ģ˼ѯʡ
ţģһҲһ㣬ǵ÷ǵĹУǵķԸ¡¼ȡȥ֮ġѵʱĲãԺͲһĻʵġ
ˣǲֻ֪ƾ˫ֲܳԷ㲻ǴЩǣȻǱɵɣ
ʱǰѯʡ
˵ʶġ
ҲҲǼ˶
ϲ˵£ҲǷ֮ˣҲǸйµ˰գ
ȻЦѯʡ
۾һɬứؾ͵
۵Ĺ£ˣ㲻Ҫ϶ңҺȻһׯˣҲǼ֮ˡֻΪãС޵ȥ˺󣬼Ҳ㱻ǵû֮ıˡ񡭡϶ֻ䵽һҲΰ
Ȼû뵽ԼһʣľʳһĹ
ߣǰļҾҲǽϺõģãһˣҲҪԺϾ´ΪǰաҵҪܼ򵥣ǴҴӦǿʼǣҪǰһͷԵˣǣ԰ҶǣԼļңҲԵԼδҵҶǷչˣԺҲӹǶֱ̧ͦͷˣԷ£һֻС⡣
һ˲ͼһȺ˹ڵϡ
ǣôˣһʱҲˡ
Ժ˾ҨǮһ˻ϴɾٳԵóԵģӹǶˣ죬ϲǰǵȥ
Լѵ֮ĵط
ߵʱ򣬹ֲᡣ
һһȥٻСӣҲŮ˳̾һ
żĵ¶ҲǸ顣м㣬ֻ󰡣ģܰһЩͺá


178 ˶

ۣ˺ܶĻأҪôģȻЦ
ȴһۣûأҪ̫Ļ¶Ҳ۵һİˡ
֮ĸ̾ΪǰˣֻһͷмͻȻãԼҲҸġʲô鰡ǹƨҪûǮԷˣĸһģǻҲаİι˵ôͻȻͿأپţҾ˭˭ְҵ¶ڵңֻųʵÿһˡ˰һֵĶһһ뵽һһġҵУǲ̫רһˣôŻ˵ͱأ
ȻۣŮˣȻԼˡ
ҹɫٵĽֵʱֵ侲ࡣֻżĵƻӳֵܿϵĴΡ
ķ羰Ҳʵġ
ˣԭûֻ̫һϣ˱С˶
ʵ˵˼һֱòġڼʱųԱá˷ԵʱҪԵ¶
ˣǻͻ룬СӣأиҵߣǾ͸ˡ
ˣеɵĺӣ˹ɵĺӣҲᡣ
԰Ϊֹ̰Ȼе飬ǾжԵġ
̰ˣ̰ᴴ̻С
е̰·ϣʧңһĳȥеˣڸ߷ʱǵļˡ㣬۲ûдһ򣬶ΪһЩС¶õı䡣һ㣬ǾҪıġ
Ҿı˹ͦã룬ţӦȡÿһ춼úõػšеΪ˰׷һ
еˣȴΪһ޹ؽҪ飬ִһ
˼ҵ׷ֵȻȴġرģǻĸģȥ׷ɣ㣬ϣԼҸҲԼ
ģҿ϶ġһӣҲټһˡҲٷߵķ羰ҵѾͷҳء
žĽֵϣͻأ㻶ЦȻҲЦˡ
Ϊ֪㣬ŻĻ
治پǰľ¡
ѣӣá
ڶ죬򲮱һȥǰ˵ˡ
һʮС˿֮ģʮ
ֻҪԼѵĿ֮ţҲаزˡ
ҪλĽ׳ҲúķһЩ
ΣǮڵõһ㱨Ȼؓ]³Ļ
Ȼ佱أŮסԼ
ѽҵӰһͼ˽ءأڿ˰ѾͷǮðɣ
ȻŤͷطԸ򲮣˷ǮģòһˣôҲð˵ҿģҲõ˲ΰеѪĶ϶ѡҾͲˣƶ˼ҵˣã
ȴüëֱ
Ҳ֪ڱأЦӦ¡
ǣǣ˵ģƶ˼ҵ˰ǳԺõģҲܿͺתġӴҪ¶ôҲð˵һ߳ȥ˿ţ֪ӣҲǸĵ˶ɲЩƶ˼ұһͨ
ٶüհ಻סǣ⾿úķѶٵӰ
òƣһô
򲮰ָͷ㡣
ţµһ£Ҳɡ
ֱˤ
ޣôңջس
찡ĺ²ⲻһӣûˡ
Ȼ򲮺Ǽҡͷ
У飬ôҲ;ϵġ˼˵ˣ£һҪʼյģҪӻء
㷭ۣ֣ˣˣȥɣһ£ûطѽԵء
򲮲ûȥǾٶϸ㱨
λˣݹ˵Ǹɽ˼ҡҲ˵ʱʶġ߶ͶײɣΪ˵һԷ򸾡ʵкñһ˼ңҲǸ˶ءҿǵ·ȻƾˣҲ֪ʶ˶ǵû˼ҳˡ
۵ĽأĻĽ˵
ˣˣôҳˣˣֲԷڣ˵ٶɶãǶ˵ˣҪǮܸˡ޽Ҳָǽı֮ġѽָǸϽˣٳ㣬Ҳʡĵ¶
ӣôҲǼ۵¶
һëν˵ȷʵʹʹġ
Ȼһ߶˻Ц˱ͷ¡
ҵԽԽ
Ҫ񣬻ϵ⡣
һ˱ֻܷͷжš
ʵͬʱȻҲڹ˼¶
Ͼϵ⣬пܻܰʱ׳
***ʦү
һҪڼҷչ׳ҵ뷨Ҳʹ˸ǳ
ʦүҼǵãܰһλʦүѽҲǴԽˣʱ䣬ʦүʲô
뵽ʦүȻһ
λʦүһֱĪġ
ճ˵ʦүǳȥˣܰץºҲӦûعŶԡ
λʦүÿ궼ȥϿԼ޶һҲһ
Ҫ˵ʦү˶ԼĵӳˣҲæء
ʦүܳաһȻҲֻܰ̾
һǸµء
ΪҪ̻ҲΪչҵһȻûȥϲѾͷտţʱԲȥ
ĮİȵģҲġ
ֵϣ̵ˣƤķ֮Ĳ
ֵĳȻҲЩЦݡ
еļ󲮣Ҳ̾
ĮȻżҲս֮ģǷٳ̶ȣȴǺܶĵضȲ˵ġ
Ϸ֪ģƬطǿźߵ񣬻дԵ˼ң¸֮˼ң
Ҫ˵Ǻߵ˼ҰϷЩʵĳԷǺζϧǣЩʣֻųԣǴž˳˻жġ
ʣϲ˵⺣ûг۵ģ
Ȼ̻ء
Ҫ˵¥ɣĮĵطȫ񣬾ǿ¥Ҳߵ
Ҫ˵⿪İɣʲôԺ֮ģҲһûط
˵˵ȥľӪĺܾ޵ġ
ţƬطˣҪҲôߣǳԵıůˣҲ֪ѽԸЩ겻Ҫٴ̾ͺá
ϲס˶أһƬطͦиӣйţȻ򲮼¶


179 

Ȼһյ˸ûϸʹйڼһӵ¶
طˣҼҰⲻԶİźߵһ䡣ȻϿڲ棬ҲǽĲ治ٵĹǻڴһЩһ˹ӳļڣѹժȥۣҲܻ±ºΪСѧķ̫࣬Թ԰Ҳˣڣ޷ģ˷㣬ҪȻСﻹлѧ
ǺǣԵ֣۲˵ЩˣҪ˵ɣһҲҲСæʵɵĻҵͦȥ˵Щ壬ǵҵǰ;Щˡ
ںʣͬϲġֻǣ˵⺣ǲ˳Եġ
ʱֻо뺣ߵˣܳʵĺʡ
취ѺƷʱɰٻһ׬ô
Ҫ֪¥ôãҲû֮ǿ
ǳʳֻҪĺˣЩǲġ
尡ȥģҲǰ·̣Ե塣ҪȥŷȥǱ߶塣ܣҪܻˡ
ʱҪȥ壬ɵðһ¡
ȻҲͷţԻһ˵ȥ壬϶Ҳȥġھȥȥﰲһ£ϱǿúǣȥһȦ
ͷ⣬ǳŲܴȥҲһġ
ȥ壬ʵҲΪӵɵʵĶ
Ҫ֪ʵϺ֮ģԺҲǼӪƷ
ֻϧʻȵ⣬д
ȥӪʱСء
һ˵Ҫȥ壬Ů˹Ȼ
ȥãȥðжûԹôϺأǸ̫ѽ
һ˵ԣĳԻʱʾ
ˮδȻȻҡͷϽ߰ɡ
СںϽˣõãϽˣһģҾͷء
߳ȥˣȻСô¶
ɬǾУãҾ˵˵0ô˼Һ춹ģȻҪ׷˼ģСӻңͺ춹ʲôΪãһ䣬СӺҼ۶ء
ۣô֪˵¶СﲻˣǺ춹أû춹Ҳû̫ųСô֮ǰ˼ңҿһҧˣʮ¾š
㲻ΪȻɲᣬҿĳСӶԲ춹ء˵Щ¶ҿ˵ģ϶Сֲԡˣ۸Ͻ߰ɣȥ尡һڸȥ
ᵽԵģ˾ӡ
ѵõķһȻҲԼȥЩ¶
Ӷһһǰȥ
к󲻾ãͱͱӴ㿴棬βءβͰ
ȻӳǳǱŵˡ
ȷʵǸǶ
ᣬⷻ˰ա
ᵽⷻˡ
ƣⷻ˵ںڵĲء˵ǳ˲ٵѪŰѻӸƽϢˡɺãǲˡ
ǰŵļ򲮣ȴüĵĿ˿
Ҫ˵ɣǲԼİȫ
ǵİȫ
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ˣϻصǸ¶ôڿģ
ᵽ飬ֻˡ
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⼸ǽƹģһֱϻء˵⣬һǧšһεĶ֣û
˾ʹ˵Цһء
ȴ֪ʱĽ죬ڵ֪ӵѸϢȴ׺ݵ¶
ܺãɸ봫Ǽ£ǰ¶Ưһ㡣ĺûᣬôҲܴˡ
еѾͷͷϽӦȥ
쿴ŴĻЦˡ
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ķ羰ֻҪͣҲǲġ
ʱŮڳųһֱ̰ؿŴķ羰
Ƕʱ֣Ȼﻹڿݻʱڡ
ɽҰģҲǱһǷϵ
ǼֻɫɹһȺѼʱǺǺǵЦͣ
ѽ뵽ǳʱǸطôţѼ֮ġЩĵذɽ֮ģҲ˳֪ǶǸɶĹ⾰
壬ȻҲ뵽ԼڰŽϵҵ
Ƕϵĵһŵ㰡
Ҳҵĵһط
ƬطųõĻ䣬롣
һ죬һȥġ㣬ǵĶȼٴ壬ҲһƬط͵Űɡ۰ҵĲʱ򣬾ͼˣЩ¶Ҳһֱ̫
ͦͦӣ۾ԡ
ŵ뵽˳Ů˵ӡ
ףǱ߶вΧŸѽ
ʱ˿һ˼ȥܣв˸Ǳ߶ܡ˵ģ¶ˡ
ߣȥȻ³
Ҳһ³
ˣˣѽ
ѽβ֪˶˰
үȥôأ
һ·ǰˣﲻϵ߶߶š
򲮿ⳡüλˣǳ˳ˡÿˣǻЩ¹ʵѽ
£
⣬ȻĽŲҲżӿˡ
ܿ˸ϵƬΧŵĵط
ԶԶر޵
үôͲˣô
أ˵ҪǹģôͲأ
󲮰ߺá
˵ĺصĿ޽ŲЩ͡
޵صĳ
߰ɣȥȻһקקǰ
Խˣ㿴һ§źӵĸ̱ڵϡ
ĺӣҲͰ
˵ᣬžžવĵںӵ·ϡȫĵƵĵز
ҵģôأϽźˡ
ƺʶṈ̀ڵϵĸˣԽȺǰҪӡ
Ņ̀һſ
򲮣󲮰ۼûˣûˣСĺزѽ^
⺢ӣҿǿųģզ˵ûûءϽ˵ȥ
ȵ˼ذ龭˵˳


180 Ʒ

ÿ꺣ߵҪڶ˺һοˣԲ˶ٳһغܹϸġ
Ȼ벻ǣһγ٣˴󺣹֣Ǻֺطǰһ˸ˡ
мˮԺõģһ˸
мķںҲҲˡ
ֻҪʱûˣһ˵ġ
ʬ塭ҲҲ
ϱм򲮵˵󣬳ȻҲĳ
أӵǴӦģ˵ҪźõȥСү¿ɺãûˣҲزˣءҿôô
ҲֻĬĬҨһӣķգҲ֪⶧ӣȥΪЩԪ˰աϱӻǰ̫ġ
ϲģǰһܾûб߼ʣɺһ̣ȴָһ
ʱִһ
˵ĴˣˣȻ̳ˣϱ˻ŵģϽΪյˮݸ衣˻оȰ
˸ųȥͿһ̧
ϱϲǿͷҾֵߵߵȥˮ
֪û£ȻҲ˿
ظѽ谡ҵĸоǸڹŹһתء
ȻЦףľϲĪڵ֪ȥˣٶȸ
ȻȻˣһγУһ׳С
˵Ľ֣ѾǼ¶ˡ
Ϊϲ¶ԳȻһ˱㱻Ӽ
ǵĹˣҼĸϲ˶ôҲԷˡ
ײһ˵󣬱ϲ·Ǿǹ˶
⼸ˣǱϱ˹˶
ţǾɡ
ȻҲϣһ
ȥĶνģȻ˸ˣҲû̫ӰĶ
ڣ˼ҵģŮҲȥ
㣬Ҳιһ˼ôð֮ġ
˻ӼԵġ
ӼֻСڶһλϹ۵
ӣ൱ƶ
źϴϱ۾˵ġϣŽٺЦݡ
ȻҲǰʳ
ǲϱɾæ˵в
ңҲϱ˽һ¡
һڴ̨ϵһЩĺģҲһЩСҶӲˡ
һǽȥ
ǴӱһƤţһ졣
ҲǸƽģĳһӣ
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ˣϱȴѼöҨ˳
Ҫ鼦һȻǰֹˡ
ǾͳЩʵľͺá⼦ӣ⺢ȻŰ꣬ҲԼӵ֮ĸԣ׳ӹǵġ
ϱ̧ͷؿλɫƵķˡ
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ͷΪѵؿЩĺʣЩǳԵĶˣζġо缦ĺóء
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ǰĽԺʣȴĽԣº̳ЩͼҲǹܳһЩ֮ġʵ治жĽǣǿ²֪İɣЩвԪأֺǳԵˣ٣˾״ӲǸϺͲĺӣҲһּõơ⺣ƷвǺöء
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ϱ˵Щ¶üšˡ
ʵǶǴˣֵܵ뷨ǶԵģû飬ԲʧˡЩʣǿɸɻҳ۵ġȻζʵȣƻԲһӣȫٳԵġ
ϱ˼ؿ⣬ҪܰЩŪɸɻۣǼҲڶȥƽʱʱȥһЩԹˣ
۽ǵϸƶû취Ըһʵ֣˵ȫǲĺô
ģҿ취˵ǾͿɽء
ںƷһǺо顣
ҲƾǰԹһЩױȵ˽⣬µ֪Щǿġ
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181 ɬ

ϺЩǸߵ׵Ķԣ޾ĺô֪ģЩϺƤǵһЩõĶɷ棬ֶлһЩҲܺóԡܻɸɻ۵İգ
ϱĲϵصͷţЩŪɸɻ۵ġǲġֶҲֻʱ⺣˵вٵĳԵġʲôײˣ໨ѽһ䣬ȻҲвٵĶءѲɣ⺣Ķշ˵ģȫɺʸɻˣ
ϱľͲû衣
Ȼ˼һ¡ţЩҪʱһЩ˵вٵĶǿɸɻġҪֻ֣һЩõĺɾͺáϱأҾãֵǸԶ˼ˣãҲ뿪⺣ƷҪֵܽҺ̸һأ
ϱҲ˲ˣ֣ããȥУԵŰҼֵܸҲ̫Զ·̡ŹҾȥ
˵״εģȻҲֻҡͷЦ
ϱˣⷹˣҲֻŶһ±ܳԵġ
ԳȻҲٿȥྶ
飬εشк
Ȼżҳɩһš
ǰҵӵĺǳɫôûҲûô֡
ǿе㳱ˣЩȻҲеس
ſõĲйӹζ
㣬ܳôأ
ܳѽûãԲûԸչⲻ˳ԵҲθˣԾ͵Ǹɲ˷ţʱɶġżʵûԵˣֻŪһš߶˼ңͳЩô
ǴЦǺǵذӭ
ȻɨɨҲûʲôԵĴš
ʱˣûɻϰԡ
ʵǾںߣҲŪЩɻԵôͲŵأ
㣬Щɻ˼ʵĻôءǼҵǣֻЩʵⰡбļ֮ġڣǳҲء
⻰óȻ뵽һ仰з羰ĵطˣǸо羰Ĵڵġ
ˣСͳԺʣԶںʣҲͲϡˡ
֪ˣǺǣ㰡ҪԸչĸɻ֮ģǰôɻܼ۸񲻻̫ߣøг
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Ǵ㺩ЦӴգǸðǲ֪İһ찡ֻҪԸŲٵĶġ̶࣬˼ٰôҲ۲˼ǮġΪ⣬ѽ۴ǻȥֻۡΪ˻Ǯü˹ϺꡣⲻӼҵοɲ˰ɡ֪ⶬĳΣգɴÿ껹ȥ㡣ֻΪܹϺӰΪ˻һЩõǮ˵Ҳӿء
ĿˮȻȴԸ̾
ִĺߵ˼ңڶǸеĺܡ
˼ҺһģǿԺһ룬һײȥ
ŴĺߵˣȴҪȥֻ࣬ΪȡһЩʳԡ
ţɩӣӻõأ߶ǸеĵضֻҪڿ϶ԽԽá
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˺áɩӺã绹ðɣֶҲûСӿƤʵĺܣһαʰǺ
λɩӣȻʶСӵģЦǺǵذѹﳶ
ǿɲƤӣû¾һơһôƤʵģҲֻ˸šһѣҪ˵Ӧٽѵĺһӡǲ֪ģǼСӣǸԵİ춼Ҫʰһٳ˿е
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Сشк󣬱ϱһȥ
Ȼ󵨵شСӣŨü۵ģΪȻŲôرĳڡɶģŻġ
˫۾ĺܡ
ȻԼҲߣôٺһ֣ˣ˳һ㣬Ϊһ㣬ʱӻЩûģҲȥ˸żңûˡٺ١
Ȼ۵ֳСе˼
һҲʱˣʱˣҪԼôֱӴţ϶۾˵š
Ȼˣ󵨵ĺܡ
һӦ̭ƬСɽĴСӡ
Լĵ̣Ҫ˰
ԸȥӴôȥ࣬ѧٵĶ
ȻϲСӣִʱƤ񣬻ԵĿˣǾ۵ϰ
ʱȱľˡ
Ը⣬զԸⰡҪǼŲðȥءˣҪĺ¶ɱˡǰĹ˶ⰡָģҲΪҳĹ˵ġҪзһ죬Ҹߵͷлոȥ
ӴӴСһ˵˵ţЩͷ֧ƱҪǮء
һ߶ԵϱٿȫͲһӰ
¿ҽ㣬ҺһԸˡ۰һأҾءСľǰСˡϸɻԶľܰ˸ߺȽȥҽ㣬ʵһӾͺҵһԣҲ²һ仰˺ãʵڣ˭Ҫ۸ǣҵһȥ
ԽӴȻԽϲСӡ
˻ؼҺ󣬳ȻͿʼָʲƷĻ
һֱãʵĻĺɱˣúõַٵɣǿԳԵġˣǵģŪûԸԣ˵һζ˵϶ѳԡΪ⣬˷һӵξͰˣ˵ǰܼӶĲҵõĹҲΪ¶˻ˡ
һ˵Щ¶ԥɫ
ǹﲻһʧѽҵָʾȥԺ϶Ȣһ绨ĹΪ޵ġ
⻰ĳð⡣֣кӾȻɬˡ
ѽ⣬ҪҾͰ۴Ĵ廨𻨶Ȣ԰Ľȥ
ʱҲһ⻰Ц
һͷ˷ܵѽ򲮰ءٲҶ˵ҪȥѽҼ˼ɩӻðɣǲ֪Դ˺һֱǣŵءǣֲжҪģҲ֪ļ˼Ű


182 Ըĳ

С˵ţʹ§һѼ򲮡ĵĿЦݣǳȻҲСӵ
ҵ˰ǻתĿ죬̫ˣö˶;ҵǸǣ˵ˡʵҵ˰ɣʵءȻǰ˵һ㣬ƽʱżҲ˵ƯĻҪйˣȷʵǺܹذߵÿһ˵ġһ֮ԵûȢޣҲȫǰܼ¶Ҫģѿ㰡ɢ˼ҺöĹңԸôһɢֵļһһôģģô⡣ϵģڸ߲ɵͲ͵ģʮҲûŵϱء
ӻǸ֮ġʵʮ治󣬾ôȴҵð
ϱ˵
Ȼ˼䣬º󣬱ͼһ𣬸˵һ뿪ʵ顣
ˣֺʣʱžز̣ʱɣѹŪˣȥۡЩ϶ǺöûҪġʼҿΪҼҾ¥ھ¥ɲֻۡҪ֪ľ¥ǵĲˣҴˡԺЩ°빦ġ
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ЮֻϺŵϺĭ
ҵģҵģҲҵģɩӣҵĺʱˬϲϲء
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㣬ϲͶԵӣǼһвٵءһΪ˳¶ҲûȥˣȫڼųԲءãǽҲʡġ
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ȰЩŪɸɻֻī㣬ھ̵ôī㡣룬֧ˣȻѵõ˵Ҫ̵
㣬⻰ǰѳȻͼ򲮶ˡ
Ҫ֪һ·㶼ֻǱʾԳ⣬ģǼ̸Եģôɻ֮ģҲһȤȱȱӡ
룬˵һȴðһīͣ
Ҫ֪īмҪֹġ
ǳ͵һ׶ΣĲãѹͲóۡ
Ŷû˵ǰиѼǺ߶ģǼҵĺʣÿ궼ҪɸɻۡǻСͬ͵һȥҳԺʡȻ٣Ҳ֪Щµĳ򰡡ˣϢһ£ǾͿðɡ
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֮ǰڳԼһϲҵר˭뵽һֱɢ㣬ȴһˡ
㰡̫ˣеģֺȱڡҶɣǲǰٿȫšٺ١
ȻϧһƨֵĲС
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ٺ٣͸߹ңǺѽֻϧǻûŶ顣Ҫһܿϸʿء
򲮺һӶʿǸɶ
Ϊǵһ䣬Ǻ󣿲ǺĻǺõѧҵνô
һشЦ
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һɾ֪Լ仰˳ǽӴˡ
һʱ䣬СͷǺվǶ۾תתغٺһЦЦȤɡľǻһЦ㣬Ͻ̵ôīɰɣ
Ա㣬ĺˣҲ顣
ֱߣ
īĻӣüָ¡
ֱӲָ֣͸Ƥӡ
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ǰѸǻժˣһҶ˵˰ɣ
ʹصͷţ֪֪һŮ㲻˵ġ
ں߶ĺӣЩĴĻٶǿֿŰ
ôһĹһī㱻ʰ
ǡʱҲָӴһŹۿ
ˣϸҪ˵ɣʱӦɹɵʱˡҿģҲɹɣǾÿĵطƽ˿ɡ
ָָԶĿѣǶһȡůĻ
ôɢţҲû¯
ֻҪ̾Ͷʯ壬īԷ濾ˡ
ȥʯȥӺÿ㡣ǮB϶͵ء
ذʯͷӣһһ򵥵Ŀܱǳɹˡ
ʵڻ¯˼ʯͷһʯͷīƽǳˡ
أɹɵĹУ϶ǿΪװҵл˵ݡŰɣţһ磬ǾܰŪ߳ɸˣˣٽ̵ôŪİɡʱˣҿҪɵİ
Ȼ۵ˣŮˣˣҲΪԼıȡء
һ浱棬Ȼ޴ؿһͰ͵ӡ
Ӧá
վЦɨһ㣬˽㣬󰡣ֻҪ׬ǮˣٲһӵġСܰǴĴСӣȫָӼǮǳء
һӵ˵ǿȫԼͷϣһ֡
أǽṩԺǻǳԵʱ򣬱ǽҾ˹
˵꣬椶ŹǷ§ųȻҪȥ˯
û취ԱҲ˵˻Ľء
ǲ֪ǣΪʱţ棬ץʱ˼ҪôԸأ
˼Ҫǰ˵ŪҪŪôŪĳһʡ
ĳ˼˺ð죬һȭͷߣȥĸ˼ǵˣôõģŪȥ˽ݣȻͻˡ
ѽ簡治ءӵ˼ǲҪ¶赶ɱ˵ļƻ֧֣ȥȥһƬ˼ңҲмĹ˵ġֻҪϱûϲ͸ѽ
Уȥ㶨ˣȥŮˣʱһϡ
ÿô仧֮ġ
Ӿһڡ
СͷϳӣҲĳªҵ׸ûС
ʮʱôȾȥֻӴţϱҲġ


183 ϲ

ҲǿɶֻҪž¡
أǲֵģ͵ŪǴǳдС¶ȥСæٻڷ֮ģ
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룬һƿţŵһɷζ
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Ůˣɲǽ˵ǼҺӼ￴ģƯǸŮô
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ӼˣĻգٿ˿ѽƯ˻ŮŮء
һ£ȵء
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лʱһӰһ˦ڴϡ
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ңӣҡ˯ԺأҪҪҸŮֺһ£ңҾӦҪȻǸ˾ôҿˣ⣬Ů𣿡
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ܣԼǵ˵ˣ֮ǰںȾƵġˣԼܵԹǡ
⻰幷԰ͨţôǰӸ磬㻹ǵءУôġȥ
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λλˣҺŮֻͶϵģ㰮Ũһ𣬲ġ
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Ҳźǰͷ˭㰡ǰŪ
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ǣʱӻйһȾŰ⣬Ǳ߶ҲһĹô٣ҲȥҰ˸°ɣ
һʣˡ
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λλ˵ҺλŮǑͶϵ¶ǰ壬ֻǰʱǲһʱԼ˵һͶ̥ôҲýɷޡôԶ˯ҵĴϵģΪǰԵ˯źԼͷɵҵĴİģλ壬Ͷŵء
ۣͷȻ˵Ĺ簡
ǹƽʱǸ³۵ģҲء
ģ°˵ĸǿôģᱻ˴ٸԲ˶ߵġ
˵Ҳſͷһ˵˻컰
λλҹȻûȢϱĲǸǵȻ쵰¶˰ҲǺȾƻȥڴأ㱻һң벻ҪϱҪ룬͸⻹ûƾ۾ʱ򣬱㿴λƯķⴲšⲻأλ㾪гɴ˾˸λףû


184 

⻰ǰٵġ
һȾƹˣҲ֤˵ȷʵ滰
һʱ䣬ϱ˵컰ˣҲЩû취ˡ
㣬ˣȻҲˡ
˶һۣĹĻŰ
ɴ䣬ǰ׼ԼٺٵЦŵӱ⡣
ޡǰͷҾͶģǰ㣬ҶҲǿǧ򱶶˽ΰ㡣ҲһԼ飬Һû꣬ϱûɶ˵ģ٣Ҫϸص顣аˣ¶ҵϣĪı˿ͷĿ
Ǹ죬ڳĴǱĪӵҿǻôƻǵڰɣޣ㣬һûڡ
˵겻һȥ
Ϊֹ滹ǹӳζء
ôܹŰ
Ǻ޼ӵġ
ӱ򣬻ϻ˵ء
ý㣬ɣɣҲԹ㡣ǰԵİҪôԵʵľܵҵĿģ˵ˣôСϱģҲûĸ޹ʵܵҵĿģĪľҿϣ˵ˣҪôˣҪôǰԵûϸɾһֻΪǰԵġ
ˣӻ˵ҧš
ӴȺߡ
ڸˣȴ
޶۵ĲŵĵطԵ֮˵ǼΪŵġ
һͷ˵˵вıҲ˵ġ
ٿ˵Ĵˣֻã⿪ԽĹˡ
Ȼһ۵ףȻҲҼҲ֪ȥǰ취
Ӵˣ¶ֽôô
קסקؿɫˣλҺֻ鿴û̻Ѱģᷢ¡дΪλͻȻӵõĻдһΪáû֮ǰλĪˣشɣİ˿ˡͷλˡ
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ĬȻһ룬Ӻ͹ԵĲܱǿϵ
һֶƺ͸ϹŰ
ǿֵľӶ࣬һ¶ûɶɿˣҲһɢ
Ӻ͹㱻ϱŴ峤ģ˿ȥ
ӸоͦԲסȻ˵ģϾ˼˯ţôͻʧء
Ҫǰ˵ЩȴȻĻ˻֣ϱˣյˮϴһ£ȫóġ
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ԽԽ۵ĽŴţоﲻþ
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ϱһ˵Ҳء
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šüһֱû̧֨ͷеԼҽ㣬ҡͷȰ
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ţ͵صóۡ
ϱֵܰ˵кͷ˵ǰ¶أһһͶ̥ԣ˼ҹġۡ
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ڶһģĴд峤˱
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ӵӵ㣬ҩһ˵ߣӻһС
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ڨڨӣСȷ൱ĳɹҲĽĲˡ
ðɣͦõˣԺǵ̵һơ
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188 

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ܴׯĴʧɫ⡭ɡԲɰƹģôȷϾҼʧɢСأϣòƵˣ̫̫ˣƹģұŵ¶ɲ׵˵
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峤Լաдϸĺܣβûиɾ¶ү׵ĺܡ峤ˣ⻰Ҿֱ˵ˣǲʣǾүΪС෴ģˣ¶үĨȥ峤֮λŵġңõĿ飬үҲɡ


192 ˵

ܴׯɫᣬ̽ʳ
֪үΪҼҿɺεְ񣿡
ѹ峤ôɫֵӱƾ֮ɵءڿְܵصġҿүǵˣ³ɣ󽫾֮λܸˡ
һذըܴׯըһˮ罦
Ҳ˲ϲã⡭⡭ү롭
ƹİָڴߣ
˵˵˵
ܴׯ϶߳亹
̫ˡ³ɣܼһپ١
෴ģ°ܣܼңڴϳ
ɣɣܼңܵƹģĺ⣬ˡƴ峤һλҪҲӦү¡
Ȩغܴׯûбǰĳŵ򶯡
ƹɫ΢䣬ߣ㵱ģúã㲻Ը⣬ԸģܼңԷΪҲ԰⡣ܼͺΪ֮ɡ
ƹķ߶ȥһߵģλȫ¶ڲɵĶͬ
жߣİԲ²⣬ͬ˵ǵܸʧٵһλС˵Ķӡ
ô˵ôᳶС˵Ķӣ
˲ѯʡ
飬˵Ҳ˰ܼҷŽᷢҹ䣬Ƿģܸһλˡ
˵ĺǰһأʱ峤СĺãҲϲĽǱ㾭С
º󣬾˵жʱ䣬ҲϲС˶˵Ķӹ̵¡룬ú˵Ķӱ㱻ǸǴǰ
ûĵطȫѡΪºͣҲ˸ǳΪˣ峤һŭ֮£Ҫ˵Ķӡ
ƫƫʱǺȴʧˡӴԺӱ㱻ǡһǵðСŶ󣬿ȴͿһһġ
˿Ǿһֵһİ
ζֵܽһ
ȴڳ˶ݲѡ
Ҫ֪̳д֮ĳӣһֱһ˵ĶŮ
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ΪģֻΪֵһǿһΪǡ
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һͼ׵ܿѰҲ˲²ˡ
Ǹƿˣǳ̫ڴ˵㰡
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ɺϵ¶أ
飬ܿڵǵĶ档
ԽԽˣҪҵ𰸣Щİ䣬ǲǺ峤˫ӵԭйء
һʱ䣬ܴׯ峤֮λΣ
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ܴׯյʱֻضˡ
飬֪˭ģɶ񡣡
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ÿһε峤ʵоӢġ
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ңЩǺĴڡ
̽ϢˡرֶΡ
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ܿӵĹУΪӶҪ
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õһѸϢܴׯ˲Ͳʮꡣ
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˵ģǹ⣬үǱƵҹҪһ·
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дţʥϵԽԽʱ䣬̫ӣиλүǴ
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ؼʱ̣ڵƤŰʮ۱ƵԶأֱȡǳǣʮʱ䣬ǳһʮ򣬱ȫƤ֮֡
ейҡ
ĽɽԵƮҡ
ʱ̣еĴ֮壬Ʈҡ
ΪԽǵ棬еļ壬ԼĿɽ
ֻңܵԳ档
ʱѡˣ㼫пܻϳ
ܼ뾩ǼҵˣĸԸ⹰óš
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ȻŲԶķˣ顣
롣쵽ʮܷʮͷĸˡ
ׯ
Ҫģġ
ȻûӲ裬ս֡
˻˵Ư˰㣬ܻ뵽ʱҵһμӡʱ㣬˵ľ͸һġ
˳Ƶ§˵Ĳ
ɲôҿҵһ۾Ϳ㡣Ҫô˶ôꡣ
ǡ
ǡʱ⴫һСţһ˵ʹˡ
§Ÿ˵֣Щ͡
˻ĸˣ۾ӹһ˿ɫ̧ͷŵ
գҺүһЩ¶أ޷
ģȻǰȢĵķ̫̫
⣬ҲĴѾͷɴǣͷΪүΪ̫̫ġ
һݣɪ
ǣǵ˵þòⲻүŷҪ
СҲӡ
ķ̫̫Ҳи֮ˣȻһ󣬱㻳С׶
ҲȻСĵ߸ӣ˵ȻȢ֮ͨĲ١
Ȼж̫̫֮ģࡣ
ҲڵĵĸӣŮģҲǼλүͨĲк
ɵСͨȻȴֻܰһһӣˣ޳
йһ󣬾ģҲ֪ĺܡ
ү˵ˣܶ໰ء
ϾΪ˵óˣΪԼķ檡
Žϵ˵ҲǼз緶Ĵˡ
ͽաȻڿԼСĶӺǺġ
ֻǣͷβҲλΪԼ׶
Ƿ緶Ǳȷˣλᣬҷȣ߲̫̫ˡ
Ҳ֪Լүϲֻǹɵֺҷˡ
һЩҪĸ¶㱨
̿ҪأʹˣүҲţֻŴѽ


193 ӡ

ϱҪأϢȻ̾Ըһһλﰡһж̫٣ĿǰΪֹҲһӲ
һᵽһӣɫ΢ЩĲ㳡
Ǻǣү˵ǣ˵ҲΪϾǣ¶Ҳ֪᲻۵Ǽ
һ˾Ͷһ
飬֮ԻʱүĿģҪ²¶ڳİɡ
һ
뵽ܰ׻ʱԼϵʹ࣬ôҲˡ
˵קסȻĸ첲
үˣô찡û˴ΪʲôµģҪǴ¶үɵ㰡µļڣܼңɲΪһﱲѼҵҲ˰ա
һᣬȻҲˡ
ѯǺ£˭ߵģ̫£Ҫӳһˡ
ᵽܰʱڿȫӣһĸҲûС
ĸȻүһҲ巿ˡ
үΪϾǵˣԾģǵҲһǿȷģ壬Ǳߵġ
ʲô顭
ȻյĲ豭ڵϣҲ˲ôʧɫҪΪԼõĴˡ
ȻˡӰҾ֪Ǹʡĵºˣؼʱ̣Ȼˡ˸飬ˣǲУӣҲҪҲա
⻰Ŀϲ
Ҫ֪ܰһֱԸ
õģǰ巿˱ֳƺء
ܰʱôʹ࣬һУϣôܰģ
ȻǿҵڻЦ⵱ȴһǳӡ
үðաô˵Ҳǽĺˣ᲻˻˵⵱Ŀһˡҿ¶ؿһ°ա˵лôģʱҲүء
˵ģȰ˵ʵϣȴҲɵܰһηĴǾǴ
˯άҲֻЦ˵ġ
ȻĵǸӵһҾģޣҪǰ£ôֿôã񸾣Ҳ˰ģְѶƳЩ꣬һǿء
һᵽľ¶뵽˵ԼǰӵĲ
Щľ£һѾ
￴һĻĳֻľǶ
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ĲܼҵҲвСΡȥɣŬԼ飬Ƕġ
ȻǿһЦݣ֣뿪
ˣһȥҵİɡ
õģȥΣǲ˵ءһȥΡ
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һЦָ˵Ļ˻
һ˫ֵ۾ɬع˹
㽿ĵӣȻ뵽˵СŮˡ
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˶Ķӣ͸Ҫűһ
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ٷˣɵŰҽˣеˣһû˿ôŶ
̵Ѿͷ÷ĵŵţΪ˰̼ʹġ˵˵˵ģûʹôۼ̣ÿҪӵ˰Ͻġ
źǺǵӦţǰΪ̴
ʱű㿪ʼź÷
Ҳ֪ǲǴЧһֻԼһoӿ
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ŵһУĴѾͷȳ⣬ӣ˵˵Ͻ졣
ǣǸСӤСĵطһɫӡʱҲһӲǿû¡
⣬ô᣿
Ѿͷ˵ȥ⣬Ȼء
ϾԼĴӣǺܼġ
ϵشȥôˣ˰죬ĴѾͷɫرźӳˡ
ôµģŰұӸˡ
źӱˣϲȥӡ
֪Ǹжʱֻ뵽Ҫ⺢ӷԺ󣬱ܸһĳ
Ȼ쿪ӵ棬ǸɫӡʱŵİһС
ǺӱѾͷţŵ
үү
ȻղŻЦϲţȴ뿴ӵǺɫġ
ңǺɫӡôҲǹӡ
ү⡭⺢ɣôǺɫӡ
Żˣקסϵʡ
ʲô⺢ӣϽ
Ȼɫ֮󣬵ľ
ôõӣȴһ
ȻȻغ𣬡үǵӣǵӰ㣬ҪҴˣôµ֣
ȻһܣѹɤȣͿʱĹ̥ܼұ˵ôˣ֮ԻҷҲҪǸλãΪĴûǸϴǣٵϮް
ʹ˼һ޴Ĵӡ
ӣô
ʱܴ٣ֵؿǸС
ˣˣĺҲҪҪҵĶӣǹ̥ǹ̥
վһߵһλ֣⻰ֽ߬š
һֱŴֱ̳ܼҡ
һжͽҸδ룬ȴ鷢
۾תתհ˾ġ
˵ϴҵˣϽѺӱҿ
ǡǡʱڵҲſ


194 

ɫεǰӡ˵죬㻹Ǳˡ󣬺Ӳôá
һŭˡ
ⶼʲôƨ𣬸ϽаѺӱҿ
ֻĺӣ־ſȻٿȻ̾һ
㻹Ǳˣ⺢ӡе֡
ڲˣȾҪˡ
ųĺӣͽйˣҿӣûĸֹϽģѺӸұ
ȻֹˣҲ̾ͷվһߡ
ְѺӱΡΡĵݵǰ
ѽҵĹԹӰǻ˵ǹ˰ԽԽȥءġ
ĺӺںڵӡʱڵĻȻֹ
˫ҧһקסߵȻ
ӣӰ⣬Ǵĺӣ
ɷɷ׵ģһ˵ǰ
⺢ְ֣ô죿Ҫ֪ܼһ֣ɲء
ڴʱѾԼĶӴһŶӣҪ
ǵֵ˵Ĳ㣬ûˣԺ󣬻С֮ͨİɡ
ֻҪܼҲҪٺǻǷַӵ顣
ŷΪϣӵһĹսʤҪӵͷʱȫӡ
ô죬ô죿١ٰѺӱҿ
ҲŵĹǺ
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ŲңŲҰڹһĴ˵ǰһ˵һˣȫǶħͶ̥ġģǺڹ
ֻҪһܰѹմȾϡһȾ˹˶ᱻȾġ
ֶħӡӣӵɣ⺢ӣӵҪУҸ˼ң͵ӣ˸ˡǡڹӡǵĺӣֺӣǰԩһծءֹ֮ӣǴңҰ
ʹļף޵
ŵǰһʱѡģǼӡ
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ҪƴǣȻֲɷ˵תߡ
ϣ㱻ܼ
Ķֻȥ˰ӵµµȥˡ
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ܼζɨһۡ飬ҲӦЩӦʣЩ飬͵װһҲ֪£¶ģҲװš
ŸϽͷУأ¶һãƺء
װźӵӣѰ˼ţôģҲǸӰ
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˼ˣҲپᣬǰѺ͵˳ͨĵط
ͨʱ׼أһߵĹƵذӡ
˵ʻѾͷȥ˱ĮĵطôˣôҲûӻ
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ǱǼҹҲá
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ֻǣһδʻ󣬻ûļƸýŶأСִҴææˡ
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ˣҿСҲҰˡ飬۲ˡ
ȴ޾ɵؽӻҪ򵥾ͺˡǲ֪ҽȥǱǼҶ˼ҹﻹĴۼҴءҿ˼ǻڵдʰ˵˵õһ׮Ǳôһߣˡ
˳̾˵ţڲŰأһֺֻ
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ʱһ㶼һŰһŰòġ
Ŷֻʣһľˣ˻
Űˣһӡ
Ӵⲻôôģһӵѽôǿܲôصء
ǴȤأȴɫεĽ
Ҫ֪ĺӣôҲһһġ
ͨɫôã¡˼ңϹ˵òϽȥ
𣬱㣬ӣ¡һһǣǡɵкð
ԥţʾͨŰϡ
ͨɫԤе棬ֻǼ򵥵
ϽŰϡ
ʱҲ΢
è΢ӤޣȻؾʣ⣬治ǸųĺӰգ
ֱҲ̫˵
ıӲء⺢ӡ
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һɵްСų㱻һҲûźȵʱıġ
ǿҲ΢ֻСèһ
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뵽⺢ջ͵ܰǶȥ˵⺢ӵĳֻµʱȻ
ҲɫڨڨվǶ


195 µС

⺢ӡɫôãҿҲͦġ磬ǰ͵үҰɡҿǼӣҲͦõġҲ֪ȻѾͷүߣȻô⣬Ҳû˵̫ҹţҲĬȻѾͷүߵġ
йڳȻܰ飬ܸºҲ֪ˡ
˵ģĪڡ
ҲǸɵӣºҲˣűߣֻ£ҲǳȻ
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ڳȻҲ͡ԽӵĲϲˡ
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СɵӤۣҲû뷨ˡ
и̺ӵĸˣ¶˵㱧źȥҪιȥˡ
ͨɫؿ⺢ӣǴİɣҵĲ²⣬⺢ӶġܸˣֻҪӲԣΪ˹ȫӣǿ϶ӵġ
صصͷϸ磬¶㿴ҪҪǲĻҪҾͱߣ˰ɡ
ͨͷһͨ
ôģ˵ҺܸûɶޡУ⺢Ҳ޹İɡˣˣ⺢ҽˡ˵ģۻ治⺢һܸ֪ˣ㣬⺢ӣҲǸ¶
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һγͨʵǴģҪ͵Ǳ߶ȥܰΪҸ˼ҡ
ȻǸ󲮣ҲֱӹֶŮĸ˴¶
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СһƬطһɽݣǰСϷʱŻ˵ҷظڣزˡ˿ӷʲôġ
ΪˣСһֱҵһƬط
Ϊ᲻ý㣬ʴ˲֪ر͵ľˡ
ȵһˣŷԼ˹صĵط

СŵںֻƬطֱ

ǡʱǲݴһͷǲҶӵĸˡ
ЦһؿС
ʱһͷҵͷ·Ҳǲֲġ
Ϊҷ棬վ棬˿ĸһġ
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ңЩҲ֪Լ⼫ƷΪ
ȻżǻĽЩе۰ĺӣҲٿõĹذ
ʲôôЩǻˣҪǮˣߣ꣬ҽǺǩԼģǵĳҲûиϵ˵ġ
ϵЦʧû뵽СŮҲ˶ԴԼˡ
ǰֻҪ΢ʩһЦСĴβԼġ
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ͷ
СôҲιأôͲаһﰡСǮûǮڱ˴˲зϣǰ˰ȥ˵ǲǮóҪָȰ֮ġҲҲû취ˣǵô
Ŀడ
ԭһغͳȻ־ˣҲõ˲ٵ
˵ôҲ㹻ǹϺһʱġ
ûʱ䣬ٶСҪǮԭ򲢲ǳȻĵĲǸŽ˶Ĳ
һθΪĲĺˣ˼ҶĳҪָծš
Ϊ˳£ųȻϣܰضȹ
С¶Ũصʧ
ٴתߡ
Ȼȥðҵðũҵ࣬ǿġ
ߣѼǮȡ͸ȥ
ҲûǮҪģСˡ
ԭһϣԼġ
ǣΪȱǮ뵽Լ
һСһ˿飬Ҳ̤ɾ
СѾͷҪߣ漱۰
Сǰͨ¡
Сҵ֪ҲӦôò㡣룬ڼҪˣʱ䰡ҪεƼˣ治ءһΣϴҪǩǸɶӲ׵Լ顣
˽㣬ءⲻ㲻ڼ۾ôСİ㿴·ڼеʱһһΪƵء
˵ţӻҨһС
ǰŵⲼеۣǴ򿪺ոµĻ·ǻλС۾
ĳֹ
СûΪСһС·
ڼҵʱСҲֻǼǴ˵·
ǻһֱľܴԷƵ²·
룬ڷֿ˼Ϊ·


196 

СߣϽץ֣ССĸιǲ֪ʱ޿̵Ĳġ㵱ôף˵ˣҲȷʵǶԲǽأأСԭòãﱧһҾ뱧㡣
ǰƯɾСŮǱһ߶¶ɾƯС
Ȼû󣬵ҲĳСˣҲǸǲСӡ
ɾСӣ뵽˳ĸ˼ҵĺӡ
ʱĽľ˼ҳĵҵĸɾƯĺӡ
룬ǰ߳ɢͯһĺҲġ
һ̣ϲĸʵġ
СҲǱŨصĸԹâġ
Сгһ
ţţСĸι˰
§ɲŽгԼŮҲʹİԵĿޡ
ĻˣôƯɾļŮǵúöţĸǺñǮ
²۸ӣ⼸ҲΪٵĲǮ
§С˲䣬㿪ЩǮ
Ҫ֪һ˼ңΪŮƯǸ߼޵˳ĵڸЩǼ˵ĵҲӵȥһˣڶȫĽĶˡ
ǵôƤǳ̣ǲҲһ˼һģӵвٵǮƣĽ񡭡
Ƶ¸շС˺ȴӻһ·ƽлһĸʱȫסˡ
֪λ˭
Ҳѹʶڵȷʵ˲ϡ
ҲֻǴĿ֪˭
Сͳؽܣҡ鷳ȥյˮϴ衣
һϽһ
ٿʱʹһЩ䱸ˡ
թӵ¶ڵļġΪˣҲ̾һӣôµгԼŮء
ŮûԵģҲʡһι
Ƶ¸յ˸񣬷ȥˮ
εЦţӰҪʣ֮ģҲҲȵӰɡ·ߵļ춼ûԷѽ
ûӣŻǶġ
Ƶ°ĬĬΪˮȷˡ
СŶ̻ʵüšһŶ
ǡʱϳ˸
һǰһߵ
󣬾ͿС֨
йصò²⣬Ҳ뵽ˡ
ҲֻһΪݿׯĳҪô⻹СӲܾġ
СעĿ£ҲЩִٲġ
չҲܲܡңҲ֪㲻ٺߵ̫ġǣһ·ʱҾû취һرҺʹšҲҹһˣΪ˵ûҪҽˣ»ӹŵġ˵ֻң㲻Ҫҽ˵òãģҲҳۼҵǮġңҲûǮģ°ɡ
СһĽͣϻ˵ɶҶ໰ˡ
ӵضǼµС鲼·ò֮̾䰡չǸĶ
һ۾ܿΪҪӣͶһС·ˡ
ʱֻСûӣôҲ򷢲˵İ
ҡͷ˵໰ֻתݡ
ԻƵ¸ʱҲ˵˵ˡ
飬ȿŰɣ㶢ŵҪǿǸɶþĵطϽȥ±ȥ¹ôģ⸾˿ǩԼģ˵˲׵¶ˣ̫ӡ
ϲûΪ˵ⷬģ෴ģˡ
ֻ£ʱ⸾˿ŶһƬ꣬˻۶
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ܶһ˵ŽĳȻ˶֪һعѸˡ
ڶ죬ųȻľ·棬˭к
ؽ˵ԼС
֪Ĵ񣬱Ľ̾Ů
вˣҪҽףС綩ģ˽顣
λ˵еܵҵףĹݡ
ڴ棬ľһ
˿ˣϽ˵ġ
޲ĴڣȴŮǵĵطܵ¡صĿ
һʱ䣬⸾˶ѹֵ飬һ̱ƺˡ
Խϲ޲þһܵ˵
ΪСĻŲߵİա
ڳ浽󣬳׵ı顣
ŴסСĻˣŵſǰǰ
λ磬ŹҼСɣˡ
ʱĳ濴൱Ǳָһ
ֻü򵥵ĲӰţֱŰ˲ٵӣԿĿ¼Ǳ
ʱϢٵģֻ·һᵹڵϡ
ʱ˫Ҳǳմľɵġ
Сһ۵԰Ρ
ʱֻС
˹ȥҪˣȴΪ׵λҪծĴһ߷ɡ
ҪˣǮ˵ӣǵ⼸죬ӰȻðٲһָͷҲסġǷүǮǾô߳ɡ
Ϊ׵һ£ȫּų棬һָͷ˳
һλεļ⵶ӰγָҪ¡
ҪҪ
õѸСԶԶؿһĻŵסֱ¡
СС͵Ĳпᰡ
һֱȻļõֻʣ˺¡
Ҫ˵ԶСͻȻ嵽ǰһקס۵Ĺ¡ɵþأ㿴ҰٲҪأ㣬ɡôģҲѪԵĸι㣬ҸͷΪţ
ܵĴһĻҡͷңҪءմ˶Ĳ˼ңֻҪˣ϶ҵġ
һڲ²ôôòԼŮǵģ뻹һ飬ҪծءĴ˵Ҳİ
ŹȻһӵˣҲ۷׷ס
֮ǰп죬˵ȻĴţôΪĵơ
ҲҪҪҪؼңҪؼҡ
СŻˣ޿קס棬Ǽɷ˵ԼԶԼС磬һֵֻѪʱضε
СҪ簡ҪҪǰ
ͻȻһһѼ⵶סԼʺҪСӡ


197 Ҳ

̣һĺӾġ
ۡСĿ޳
ǡʱĻƵ¸շҲ˻˻
һ̣ϸϽСק˻ŭϽҹǲʶĸˣÿ⼸ӾͲк¶𰡣ǶҶϾϵˣȱǮˣԶһ¶ߣźˡ
޵ĿҪСֻ§Żϡ
ۿţԶǼծˣʧͷģǮǰɣǮǾͿС˵ˡˣүڤǮȥ
˵꣬˸
ৡ
һָƮƮر㱻Юȥ
ѪһأҺһҵĶҵĸӴ
ʹҪģƫƫֶϲ£ңҰҲҪҪʹʹҵûˣûˣԺϲι
Сһֱͷ⣬ܹί
һʱ䣬ֻ絶ʡ
ˣ˾͸Ͻ취Ǯճ۸缸ûйϷϷ춼ῴ취ģͿûඡ
ζһ£۾һ
ҲǰСǹĸŮġôģ¶
Ƿһ§ŵС
ذקϣС㿴ţŰ׸ءۣҪǮ죬졭òˣҲòˡԺﻯɹҲҪǮģ;һɡ
Сŵһţֻŵس֣ҪҪ㲻ҪקңҪؼңҪȥҽȥҪҪקסңأ£°
ߵҪˡ
ȴǼҪǮסλӣ˼ĸŮ飬ɵһ
֪һԲľǼңҽǺòãֻСͺá
Ҫծ˵ĵӣһѵסԼĺСϽͱȥһӱǳǽ㼸ˡС㣬ɡ
Ҫ
һߵĻŵʧС
ȻȴĵҪСҪС
һߵСǺɫҰ档
һֻ֣ûֹѪѪҺȥǲֹѪֻҲɵġ
ңҰ
Сĺȣļϡ
һҧС֣硭
Ҫ
ֻС״ļţЦԼزĵط
Ȼǵ̫Ѫȴӿ
Сϵؼţ߬ôҲѲˡ
㡭ҪҪңҪң㣬ءҪ
һļСصڵϡ
İӣȾѪ
ǸǸǷǸֻǰ⺢ӻңҰ
ћҪծţôҲ岻ȥ֮£˻ͷ
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дź׵ģ˰ӣ
֮Ŀ󵽾ˡҲǳ֮Իҵԭ
ðأΪĸڣһУܱı
ţ࡭
еһУ˰ߡ
µõϢʱľǲϰ˶ˡ
Ƶ¸շ򸾣ɫҰܵСһֱȥ
ôˣ⺢ӣ
ĨᣬˣããһβˣŻˣҲһֱŽл
˯һֱ۾⺢ֻҪ˯ˣ᲻ϵؼΰ
Ƶ¸Ҳͷɥһ߶ȭͷĽġ
¿ôŶҲǣڿʱ򣬾ԗͨһİɵãƲûˣѾͷų˲
Ƶ¸պ۾ˣҲԣûغСʱ򣬿ǰҽҵġڵãðһЩȫˡۼңֻʣ¼ɽƬǣԼЩû˸ҪĻĵˡ
ӣſʼһУȴΪĸӵĵȫˡ
¿ɽոջˣ൱Ȼ
ѾͷһðĲҵһңôǸ˻ѽ
ǸŮأɶҺ޲ÿˡ
һĸˡ
أ˰ҩء˵˵еأҲ˰ˡⲻһֱѾŵġ
ˡզģųˡȥûˡ
׺ݵŴȥľһССĴϣɫҰ׵
ʱҲһš
ʱĲ̫Ҳ˸󶴡
һӾĵطҲǼġʱĴˣҰε
ǻƵ¸˵˺ģҩգҲôΣ˲ľذ˵ҩ
Σս׶ΣҲⴲϲԲġ
棬ηһŵĳ档
´˰һŶ
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ҲǺݵĵĸˣʱ״һʱ䣬ҲЩˡ
İߣ첻
ɿǸһţŬԼڵֶʱһ
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Žгһɿϣ𣬰û¸ѧĲأмΪ㳥ծбȥģôûԼծȥģںˣ˯ϣСľУˣ
ҴˣҲģ治ˣֶ˶
Լ֣ǶػǺŵĶָθһһķӿ
֣һôҲ䲻ȥ
ȻѾͷô̯һءϽ˸ŪߣСǰơ
ǣǣȵõ㣬һ洹ͷһӦ
ⲻİˣֻʣΡ
Сɵڿϡ
˭Ҳ֨һɵֱùµᡣ
§⺢ӣȥҪȻѾͷ֪ˣô˰ôæ˵һЩõ顣Ҫ֪¶϶ܻİɡ
һ뵽⼸ѾͷĲ±
ᣬҲ͸ˮһĹ
§ĽˣСϡ
أůϢĸоС̧ͷḧŹµҪҽ㣬¶࣬ңٻõġ㣬Ҫ߰㣬ҲҪģҪһĻšġ


198 е˼

˵˵ţСµ䡣
˫ֵ۾ֱĹ±ٶȷᡣ
§ĺӣҪ˵ҪǺ£ͺͻƼһ˯Ҫۼңء
һõģõģҪҽ㣬Ҳġε飬Ҳǳġ
һҹ䣬ƺ˵ĺӣĸ̾⺢ӣǳˡ
ֻǣ֪ǣÿҹӶ
ÿһһڴϷұ۾
ܼңд¶Ȼһ֪Ŭҵ
Դ·ٵĽʡ
еһУҪȫ
һҲû취
ǰܰڣӦٸˡ
˲ˣЩ˴򽻵
ٸ˴򽻵֪ǰܰ⣬ʵϣҲ۵ġ
ٸˣཻ
һ鸾ˣÿ˴򽻵Ҳֻٷǽ
ڵģųԿǸթǸԭ⽻ȦҲһõ
ǾǴ󷽣ʵϡ
ܲʵô˼ĳλ͸¶һ㣬˵Ҫɶͻ취ϡ
ϵֻҪĻҪ⡣
һڷȦ棬Ҳʵϵ
ڵģЩ໻ģҵչԽԽ˳
ֻҪԸ⿪һЩˣЩ¶Ҳɵġ
²ֱӺЩĴСԱ򽻵
Ǽҵļˣ̫ͨģȴ˸졣
Ҳٷ򽻵Һķǽð
ôƴԺҪİɡ
˺ԺҪϿӣôҲøһôɡ
Ǻٸǰĳ˼䣬ã߶ˡ
Ƿļϵٲϵؿ佱ĳ˺ã¸¶
㻹ðڼһ
ôģڱĮҵĵطȻҲ¶֪һˡ
ԴǾ˳Ķࡣ
ԽԽŵĴ󣬾ⷻһοʼЪˡ
ԴӾ˵泭ϮϷŪ¶ⷻƺҲףҪٵǵĿʽƺҲʵ
ϾֻǻƹĻȻܶǳԽ
ر
ֱڣ޷ٿȥ
ΪˣòԼӡԷ
鲻ΪǾİ취ҼˣǱȥҲţⳡãڱķ棬Ժʲôģһ˳ˡ
ԷЦţֻд˶֡󣡡
ִݵʱ̾һ
Ӱ˴ĺԺԺҲôô򷢵İӵҲֻܴˡ
šüʾ⻤ȥȥעȻ顣
ǻڷء
⻰ȫûȥ
ֱת
ӡ
ضǰĻӣҸңҲһ˰գƺʱԽԽࡣ㣬ôһأ
죬һעġӴͷһɥӦ
ȥɣһӵˣҲ֪ģڱӣʵϣҲǸΪ˿һԺ˰ˡˣ¶ɡ
ӣǴСһ𳤴ˡ
СԷߣһֱ鲻
һ֮Իһ£ҲԷȫ˵˼
ҲԼǲͬģʵذŮӣ¶һ˿
Ҷ˵жԼ
Դһɽ鷢ٿˡ
ˣҾãĮԽԽ˰
ɲôף磬ãҺඣϧǼү鲻ôãҪȻƣء
Ȼڳ⻰üؿˡ
˾뻻Σŵİգôھ͸鲻ˬأѲɣǷѿˣ
Ҳһ߶廰Ŀܰ۳ڵĸɺءҿ˸ģһЩ˵ڵĳˣû¾ôȥŶ˵ɫĺð
ЩŵȵĶȤֱĳЦ˻
һ۳Ȼ˵Ҳе˼ǰɣֻעصһλӦעص飬ںŮ˵İбķ档үҲྴġ
ԴǽӴľˣǵţ˵Ҳú壬ҲʲôģҲ͸Ÿıˡǻݣû¸ıһɶģ룬үһͻȻ俴һȥҲĶˡ
ǲ֪ʱҵ˶һġ
ϣҲȾװš
Ȼǲ²ôģүºȻ̾˵ңһֱФ˶

һָͣ
һ
ѽɲôҿɸ㣬һ൱ĲġֹǸı˳˵󣬺гǵķҵģҲı˰
˵ǰңֻ֪һȺŮǵϡ
үӰҲǷĽ
ͷģȥĳС檰ĳŮˡ
ǽӴľˣû¾˵ң˰ô̫ʲôġҲֶ
Ȼⷽ棬Ҳøı󰡡
һ죬ҹһ൱崿Լװȥ׼һĺ÷ͤ档
ֻүһȥԷȾƣûѺǴšȻ󰡣ǲ²ôģүҲ˶Ƶģôһֱҿ
û͵ҼүʱĳԾ鰡
ǿңٽͤߴˡ
ǻԥģ֪߻
ǰ֣ʾȥɵɵߵǰ˫۾һֱûʵǻİҲǱۼүӿĲ˼ء
ԺҸ컻һװǰԼ䡣żģһȥϯǵѻᡣ
Ϊҵת̫࣬ǰڶĽ˵˴ţ
λһЩתԳȻ˵ĸм飬ԽŨ
λˣȫ˺һĴڡ
ò˵Ȼܴ򿪹ٵǵľ棬ͳ˵İٲ˵ġ
ƣ̾ˡ
ү⼸첻⣬鰡ӮƣҲŲôء˵ɣҲǺЩˣǰ˼Щٲֻ°λãͱסඡ
Ϊ⼸ǺѣңҲֵýģԳ˲Ż˵˵
Ͼ¹ųλã
һᣬ˶ſˡ
˿ɲԸ˲ϰ
Ҫ֪һγ˭֪᲻ҵء
ҿռЩ꣬ǻ˳ʱ͵ǻ˲·
ǣҪôܰѹȥ
˹ĵʡ


199 ש

üҲ밡ĹɲŪҪôǸıȫǵķòõǵľˮƽģһɢɳһľǶԵġ
Ȼ˼һǵҪе뷨ô
ҪıзòҪйˣ飬ɷϸ̸һС˳Ƭطʱ̾ƬطȻǺܷģõľסȴǲġܴש鷿ᣬ滮һƬ͵ĳУǾˡ
飬Ҳ˳˵뷨
Ҫ֪һֱİ
£ܳɣүĹҲ˲䡣ȻѾͷϸ˵Ľȥ¶϶ܳɵġ
Ҳӻשӣƺе˼
ţשľṹᣬĺܶʯͷӡҪ˵ŪשɶģҲǻġ̫ӣֻҪ࣬Щ͵ˣоһҤôգ¶׼ܳɵġ
һשҤҪʱ䣬ôðգȻôש顣
ͣſ϶ҵճԵ͵ġ
ģߣǻġһ㣬ǰСȥɶģɶȤ
ҪҲЩ취
Щð죬ש齨ᣬƺʯͷӺ̫ء
ɲôǳõʯͷӣ˵ûٺķѾšҪܸשᣬƵĳУչˣ
û취ˣٳһõð취ء
ţש飬ҿƣһҾֻ׬һЩ˵ĹǮһɵ󣬿ɺã
ҲһҲ׬٣Űɡ
Ϊˣλ˵û
Ҳû˼ٴˣƾУҵ˳ȥϽүȥ
Ȼ˿ƾֲٴ򣬱Ҳȥ
ϣ¶ܳɰܳɣֻҪһʱ䣬У϶ġ
й滮裬ִǺġȴǺܿġ
ϾȫǾס
һ滮˺ͲϣӿһһɵĽ
˲ŵﱧӶأ˵Űݷá
óŰݷã¶Ǹ°
һʱ䣬æġ
Ͼ˿ĵһˣĸˣܲúõк
ȻǵĺܣԷӭ˻ͼ
ѾͷϽ˵ɣҺڴ˵שľĹ
˵ǸɴĺܣֱӾʹߴٳȻ
ţҾ˵ˡשľأǡ
שľ¶˵ˣȤй滮
й滮ɣģѾͷ֪һ㣬Ҫ͵еºӵй滮ðҵֻ֮Ĺ滮ġ
Խ⾫ԽǺá
棬ⷹҲڼˡ
ź;Եţ̣൱Ľ
ϲཱུľСһﲻֶ
ѽ˰˵ۼôûôСأУôҲðѾͷ°ɡ
ȻӣҪŲҪѿɰŮȥء
ŮԼȥҪôСĽףú
ү˵ġҪ˵ҲҲãôҲΪһӰŮġ
ᵽ⣬˱Ȼꡣ
йŮܲҵģŮʱ㷢˲ҵ¼ˮ
Ϊˣûġ
Į:Ůܶ
ү˲˼ˡ
ôͷڵ٩ԼءųǸߴ۵ĻҲȻˡ
飬үĵϲءѾͷ⺢ӣֵģһ˫۾ĸζ
ҪģСһҲǰǶκ˶һЦݰ
ź۰С첲ǾųǸߴ˵֡
ŶŶ
ֵﲻϵֱĳ˵ĸζҲ
ĴӶˡ
ǴڶءСľȻǻϲĽ
ѽүôˡۼûк;⺢СĺӡǣǻӰ
һᵽӣȻ⣬ɳҲ۾һ
Ц
Զԣǻиӡ
ȻԽԽˡ
Է򸾣ôһֱԼҵѾͷСһŰ꣬ҸС
õģһԺԼѾͷɴһѶȥ
Ҳľܾǿһ
ȣǸߴˣﱸ˲͵ģ磬ǽȥ˵⺢ǵ¶ҾãԺ˵ĺãǺǡ
ЩŭʲôѲ˵ҵ䲻Ѿͷ
ȻָϽһ䡣˵ǰ;һС˼ңŮԺǰ;˵塣
⻰Ц˵ĺϡ
Ȼе㲻ǺпϵĻҲ˵ֱˣΪǳһӿء
㲻ǳôǳˣԺ󻹲Ǩȥء
ǽϾǣʱλΣһءֻ̰
ˣǿǺûеλĴڡ
һ룬Ҳ͵ٶ־Ȥ
ϾǹٳˣźǺһЦ
ˣݺȲ裬Ȳ谡
Ҳ⻰˼֪ȻΪԼҿǺҲȻ
ǵսȻ֡
ѾͷǸĶ˶ţϲģѾͷݶ̸
Ȼλ£Ѿͷõ²裬еλ
Ȼζʱĳﻹ˼Щ
ˣ˵иשӵļƻгй滮һ룬֪Ȼ˿ɷϸ˵һ
Լ̵ġ
ȻҲ̹ȻԼ֪ķשӦ˵˳
йڳеĹ滮ȻҲϸ˵һء
Ʋһֱ񣬲Ǻܺ÷չġõģȻǽУٽ׵ĵطȻбĮҲԿóףͨ㣬лͬʱҲܷЩжԵĹһ档
õģȻǽһƯ۵ĳСשͷӣݣҲ㽨Ķ
㶮ש飿
²ͨٸ߿һǰĸˡ
һŶ쵰δ۾񣬷촽ʮֽСһõ϶ˮ˷ܵĻƣ½Ͻ죬ֽýϵһϼź˿ȹǡһ֦ЦӭһƷޱңʮֽޡ
ǱͦĺֱᶨӶҪΪֻһʺڴլԺĸ˼ҡ
Ȼʵ֤˸ˣܼǿϡ
Ųжػ־
ʵСʱשҤãĹʱ䣬ǰͶҡ
û˵ȥҲˡ飬˼ڵԼءˣ½мӡ


200 ĳ

ҲϾԼ󣬺Լţȫͬĸ
з۾¼ߡ
ããȻ˰æٳ¡ǳҲΰĳй滮Ժ˵飬ܽһ
ȻЦףȻѾͷڴлǸߴˡ
˵׵ˣȻ˿ʼש顣
ȻûֻҪģߣƿ˻֮ģ¶Ҳͺðˡ
ֻ飬ÿƵʱ򣬶ʱء
ֱʮ¯ЩյĺͮͮשŪ󣬳Ǹߴ˳Цˡ
úúúá
һĺãĵϲҰġ
ֻҪĮĵطһģĳУٽıｻгǰ϶¶
ֻǵһ㡣
첻ȥĮĳܷչľ߱ģˣˣԺҲᱶӵġ
ڱߵĺУĸ̾˼Ϯĳǡ
ҲϮĳǡ
ǣǸߵĳУĹģɡ
ĳУȴСӹҼƵġ
й滮ˣԺ滮裬ҲͱȺĴҲߵԶ
ţڸǾӡ
ֻ
ڳеĹ滮Ȼשʱ򣬱㿪ʼһЩὨᣬԲƣйصˡ
Ҫеģһӹ̶ӡ
ڵĻ˵һ֧ǰ;İӡ
ʮĸɫˣٴܻԹɫһµ˺󣬳ȻһȺԼȥ˳ˡ
Щᣬæ裬Ǯ
᲻ÿչء
Ҫ֪ש飬ǲ޽ˣҲѰġ
©ţȴĹߣϲĽ
Ǯ˵˵
ˣôİɣҿҲǼѵģҲ¸ͰѳǶƬذθǵֹǮǣ۰㽨ˡ
Ҫ˵ǶһƬطȫˣеԥġǣǶƬضҲ̫󡣺ȣҲռһЩС
áϾнҪʽʵ̫࣬õƤƹȥҲʧǼ¶
֪ǳȻڱݺҲ͸̹Ȼذǵػǡ
ΪˣȻʼ
̶ӵԱҲʮ˽
Ҫɸģֿ๤
ֻҪмָ¶Щܸ쵽λ
ҪһģĳУȻǣ浽еδչֵơͨ԰ƵȵһС
ĵطҪ¥ǲܵġ
ǽһЩڱĺԺĴڡǿеġ
ڽֵҲ滮
ֻһµʱ䣬һĺԺˡ
˿һƯɵĺԺ൱ظ̾
һЩݵģүԺҲӡ
Ҳ˷ܵĺܡ
ѾȥĹ滮˷ܵӣһӵõİߡ
ȻҲͬڲ࣬ҲֻǺЦ
ãֻҪӣһĽʵãҲͷˡ
һӣҲ巿
ڴʱȻѾʼģʼᣬҹ滮һЩ㳡֮ġ
УҪλעĹҲǡҪȳԼ˵ĳ롣
ֻǣΪںѾͷ˵;Ƕܰûи顣
ºѾͷôãҲ޷ȥ
һ죬žݣؿųȻˣЩţǺܺá
ڰŹ˵ĳȻû뵽ֱԼ
üЦӯӯȥӾ
Ŷ
ȥ
̣Ҳò㣬йͷͷĴţԽԽˡ
λͷǳȻ̶֧ӵ
ͷҲǸġУǳȻԼ滮ġ
вٵڱ˵ҲƵЩ
Ͼһĸ˼ңƵ˽Ӵء
οڵܰߣ˵Ӧñ˱һľ롣
ȻѾ͵˽
俴ǰĺ
ҲС˰գͷ˲ãҲǸĩȢģȥģҵǾͷͦġ
һŭˡ
ԥؿųȻ̣ڵѾͷǻ֮ģҲ˵ƺ˺ġ
ȻЦˣʱԼ˻̫ˡ
ǺãԼǸ۸ġ
żҲһЩ˵ȨѽеˣһǵĴڰ
ǺǣڵˣΪҪѲɣڵˣһλ̣ҪĻ£ӵĶ飬㲻飬ڡ飬ЩǰѧǴ֮ҲбҪ˵һЩ̵꣬ˣ߰ײӣūţҿɲҪ
˵꣬
ҲûͻȻתƣҲʵˡ
λūţǰָֻţѾǿҵķС
ʶһ󣬺Ҳİ
ɣҲίˡҪ֪Ϊ˽үķ
ûţȴҪȻ¼ޡ
˵ϵܰңǸůѾͷҲùһͷӡ
ΪͷϾǸµĴֱ֮ˡ
ܰнȣͷòպϣ̫ªĴڣҲ벻۵ġ
ô꣬Ҳ֪Щ¶á
ӵǰҪ̡
ͷ߲ѵسȻ¡
̣ū֪ˡӦԽչˣȻš¶ϣܻһٺá
Ȼﲻ֪ѾͷԼˡ
ܰѾͷ˵ĳ롣ò˵Щ˰Ƿǵϸŵ˼ҵС
ˣк
ڿذǺ˼ͷҲգǾŷλաҿҲǸĩȢġӣ˰Ѻ
ź֣ɫҰˡ
Ҫ֪԰ġ
еˣ۾ҲһֻǻۼġµĻŧҺߵﶼǸ˵ĴڣˣǼ޸һӣˡ
ѾͷҲǸӲġһվݺݵصųȻ
̣û뵽ĳ˵Ķ֪ڰҽΪүҺүǴСһ𳤴ĴڡǰͶ϶ģңǼ֡ʸҴôĺĴڣҪڣҪү˵췢һС


201 ֪

ȻЦˣѾͷ⻹Ű
ڲУ㿪ʼ˵ܰ
Ҳ룬ܰǸʲô̬ȡ
Ҳĺٶ˵ЩūԵˣ˼ҶԼˣαҪ˿
ӣѾͷȥܽһɡѾͷҿǷ˹̡ܽ
ӺһλߴӦ
˲ɷ˵ֱӼź˳ȥ
Ȼ㲻ˣĳŮˣҲŹġһڣ֪ôҵġ񶾵ĶʸҪү
ЩûвȻҡͷǰһЩɸ壬ǵΪ
ΪūΪ磬̫ˣˣֻᵱǺ۸ġ
˷⽨ᣬ͵ʺ⽨һСҲΨ磬ܻĸá
һ̣ȻҲòϣԭ֮ǰ뷨ȫǴġ
̵ʶԼĴ󣬳ȻҲԽг徢ᶮתӦЩ¶
ؽ
úҲ˳ǶƷ
µƷһףȫסˡ
ôˣټЩС棬оʵĲġ
ĺԺܴ
Ժӡ
ᣬɶģԽˡ
Ϊ̫࣬Իһӳ
ЩᣬԺ϶ϵġһеĹģ裬ȻҲԽˡ
ǰֻϲţ֮ġ
ȻʵС
Ȼ˲ԼǾͺúõطܶһǰſ¡
ˣȻҲ̫Լķâ
һγеĹ滮ϣǳâˡ
еĹ滮裬ģȻˡ
ڿڶƷһʼĶˡ
שߣСԺ
зɳЩῴҲǽʵĽӣʺϾס
˶ڽԺ֮ģԸͶġ֮ǰڱС˲Ƶˣǿʼӻ᲻֮ġ
ԤۣǿԤ۵ġ
ʼԤСԺˡȻҲһЩ̡ϾһҲԲ̫ĵ̡
㹻Լõĵ֮󣬱㿪ʼԤһЩԺ䣬е֮ġ
ЩȻҲǳȻӵˣɳ˳ˣλ˲뵽һġ
Ϊǳ˵ԤۣԲ̼һŵġ
ǺǰԤСԺе̵ˣ
˻ʽ𣬳ȻҲ
Ȼ˵ԼҪЩľϣǼķǮƵġ
ң˵ĹǮҲǼһʿ֧Ͷ빤ǮѾ̫Ԥ㡣
ΪˣȻҲʼ޽ԼĹ֮ء
ǶƬط
ǶһֱֻһƬĵأ˾ӶࡣżһЩɢҲЩ޼ҿɹ˶
һγд滮ЩͱǷߡ
ΪˣȻȻҲܣùӵ˲¡
ǰæϴµģҲǽӻ
·бģ﹤ӵչӪˡ
ǿЩģ빤ӣ浱ͨԱ
һҲѴ
Щ빤ӵˣΪ˹̶룬ʳбĶҲԽʵ
˵ɫࡣ
ҪģֻҪ̤ʵĸɻÿ£ܵõһӵĹǮ
عܳԹסˣܹһҵĹǮĺ¶һͨʽ˵ȫǴõ¶
ǺǰҲʼǰ
ǵļˣҲΪһӵ룬ٰܶ
ЩһȥĽԼ
һеĸıǺ˴ģеǶЩȫλгȻĸ˸ġ
ңȺг⣬ȽӹӵĻҲ׬ٵǮ
һ⣬ҲԽǳƵ
Ǯ󣬵ģȴǲġ
ȻڹߺĵطǴһӦ
˶֪ߺһλˡ
һкõȻֻǳǳЦЦ
˵ĵģǴˡ
ҲҪȡĸˡ
֮Ի㿴ЩΪģǾȳܰ
֪ж㰡
Թظ̾һȻ׼¡
ȻǣӾȻʱ
ڸ𿴹ܺ˵ҲǺ¶ҪԼˡ
̣ѾͷϴˣôģҲˣ㿴
ɫ¶Ϊѡ
ѾͷôҲڵˣλ̣ǵӡ
¶߶ҵĺˡ
ԣܺȫ춼һҡ
Ŷ
ᵽȻ뵽˾
СѾͷˣһŮˣ
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С⼸컹ǲộȥɲ˰
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ڣҲѡ
ôȰСһǲ˰
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˵ǵñˣҲķֻȨ֮ưˡ
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ǵűƿʱǿҵĹ߻εз۾
͸Ʈķ۳ǳȻͻȻϥȻǰϿͷ
Ҵˣ֪ˡǸūţôФأǸūţԵչССġأ㣬С㣬ҪǷֿòáǺū澴Сչųģڷֿˣĺܵġ
һʹӡ
ҲĨᡣ
̰Ҳ࣬⺢
׼˺ͷŹһذɡҲ֪Լһū澣ܹ顣
Ȼ󣬱ŭصź
ū֪·£ǰ˵Ͻ̶ͷġۼĵغãһ
Ȼɫ΢ת̧֣ǰַҲգȻĻڹҲ㡣˷ʥͣвĵ
ϲ̧ͷĨȥϵˮ
л̿ūԺٲˡңһչžС㣬̣ô
ӵؿųȻһӡ
ڵС顣
ȻЦЦţҲգǾȥտžɡ
ǣ̡
ϹϾ˸񣬱飬Ҳ൱Ĺά
ˣȻ߳ȥȴȴһ
˵֪ѾͷĲǵ£ǺοšѶϵģɲȻĴ·񰡡


202 

Ȼ̾Ϣһ
ܰѾչ˺ô
˵ŮȻͷʹѡ⺢̫ˡ
⵹Ҳǣ˵Ҳְ˵֮ǰʱ򣬻ЦǺǵءңˣЦǺǵġ棬Ǹغͱأ
ΪȫµŮȻͨҿҲǸ˵ء
Ȼͷһ
ͻȻŤͷ㡣
԰ĺӣôҲӦ˵ɣôţ⺢Ҳڰ㣬ã
ü̯֣Ҳ֪ҪͲô޴ˡ˵ѲĻɺôˣɣҪ˵ǣ˹ˣ
ЦȻȴǽüһصӡ
һȥ˻󣬳Ȼٻȥ
˵ǼٻʵһЩֹһЩǰ֪һЩСޣ֯·֮ġ
ʱ÷һǡǡʱ÷˹
ĸ
СһϻŶᣬϱ
˵÷ﻳ̾һ
⺢ƤʵĽҴһҪ㡣Ҳţһ˦ȶľˡ
÷Ϊ֯սϺãԳȻӶһµġ
⸽ҲΪǽʱסΪˣ÷һҲס⸽
СȻӣ۾īڣϹŶëĵشȻһ棬ֲҿ˵ӡ
߶ȻҲǰֺӵģСֺɰʾȥ
С߶ָߵص÷Ļͷĸв˲䣬ĵ̧ͷųȻ
ŶкóԵģҪҪ
ȻϷƵĴӻҨһǾС۾
ǡǡ
ſˮֺݺݵ˱һָͷϵһץȻǿһתһ÷ﻳ￩Ц
ĸǡóԡĺӣ˵̫ġ
Ҳܱ˼÷һۣЦȻҰ⺢Īְ
ϱĵһ۳ȻüۺƵģ˿Ҫ֪طչǳȻĵط
Сܽоôõ
λŮǸ¶ģ̫Ϲ
ҲСϢʱСһһ£Ҳµġƽʱɲġ
ϱţϽӦСˡǰСҪ÷
ϱӹǶҲ岻áġ
÷ϱΪʱҲǰ߶߶һ
ȻЦ
ƺճ㰡
㣬ɲôϱ꺢ӣѪӹǲáûʱ򰡣Ǹһ߶Ĳһ߶ӵġǺҴСѵģи
Ů˼䣬һ˵ӣܻܿ򿪡֮䣬ƽ֮кͻƣ¶ʱ÷޲ųȻ˵ҹ
ĳȻҲһ̬Ȼһ˵˺һ
ʣ¶ܶ⺢ô
ܣզˣ
Ŷ⣬Ȼ΢΢߬
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ٶңҿüëšĽģĪɶ¶
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Ȼ̾һҲ㣬˵ҵľզѴأСѾͷȻ˭Ҳˡ
Цһ
ٶңҲ˵лʵиӣһֱڴ˼ġǴ˼ҵ¶ɲСԺԱȵġ˵еӣڻᶯءʲôûʯͷʲôСﻨȥ䡣Сĺأϸһǻˣֻذݺ˵ļƲߣǲġ
Ȼȭͷս÷ڸʱҪ̫ˡ
Ծֽš
˵
ɫأ¹Լĺӣ¶ôҲȥ
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ﵹҲǸˣҲܻ䣬ֱӾ˳ҲС˼ңҪ龩ʿֻСĽĺܡ
ģﰡ˵⺢ɣҲ֪ġҲԱһ¡ÿ¶еġҼҾģȴǴӲ
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԰׵ģǺӿҾͿޡ
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Ȼ̯֣ҪôƣؾɥءԹƽʱ̫æˣȻϲ˵ͷ갡
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÷ȴΪһ
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Ȼһ
ʹ˹ƣ⣬ôܣ
뵽˸ղ÷Щ󻧼ı
Ϊıӣһ伫Լһֱộ˵ھʹ˼ıƺҲ˵Ĺȥ
ֻ̣Ʋ⣬԰ѾͷˡСԷֱľζصģҲǳʳҿʹ֣ܲһ
Ȼ֣صصͷؼҡ
ԸֵεӸźңǺӵĳʳԵ飬һ
ӽӵ񣬿νɫ䡣
ľǰѺ;ȫļල
Ǹʡص˶֪ǲҷʡһУֻ˵Ѿͷе㲻һ
ҲǣССĺӣôﲻҪǵòһѾͷء
ȻԸȥ󣬱Ͷ뵽С
һʱ򣬻Ҫ׵ĳɹˡ
ͷҪ׳ȥңǽų˵׳ȥ
һʸ̸
ӵؿ̨Ȼֲġ
ǽˣԺⶫֻԼ޷׬Ǯѽ
ǿ̸ģⶫ׳ȥ󣬻Ĵã̸еĻᡣţȻҲΨаȭͷ
Ӳ˻صأȥԺ
Ժſڣͣźü
żй˴߳


203 븾˼ƽ

ÿɫѿڡɳȴݹ
ǰĶԱȣԽԽˣݵҵͶ˸֧֡
ʵϣиõ֮ķ˫Ƥ֮ġ
ϧᶯ
ϣҲҲ뷨Ҳա
Ȼˡ
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Ʋ죬ͬ˰
㣬л˵
΢ȣǸ˵ݰ䡣
ԺܣһǺ˵һ¹£йԺҪǨƵǶȥ¶Ǳ߶ȥɶҪӵģҿԾ취
ҲǴִˣھӪԺǺܾġֻŮƽʱеԲôԣ£ҲóȻߴ
֪֪Ůˣңֹ˵¶ɡҿҲҪˣҲĳˣеĹģҲڲúֳ㵹Ǻ˵˵ɶֱʣôˣ϶˰ɣ
ֻǼ仰ģȴص㡣
֪֪ȻһУֻΪܰ
ȻҲ
һۡ
ǣˣܲôأİ˷£
Цǰʱ򣬿԰¶׳ʵŮˣҪģʵҿɸ㣬˰ĿǰŻУԺ󣬿ɲٷˡˣһСģǾ׷ͼġ
ȻΪȻܰŵġһݰ飬ٹܵġ
ȻˣȻ޷˵ȥ
ȣʵڵȴʱǾ󲻾ãҵʱᵽʱǰǴȥ롭治òǷųΪӹٽҲһֻǣҲԸٰ
ü˼ȥĹͨô
νһѪָ˳
ȻǴ뷨ġ
֮ǰԼĹ˵
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ߵʱΪЩ˳ŭ
ֻһˣǲµġ
϶ŮҪָЩȳܰҪĮ﷢չԼҵ
أòؿЩĽף
ǰ㳤̾һԶ㯡͸͸ʹ㸴ӵʱ䲻ġ
֪ȥǣеǿˡǡҳ㣬ҲҲʵѡ
ȻǸ⡣
ԽãԼ̫ˡ
һң˵γɾγɵġ
С˼ҵ̻еǮƣģԼһĴ»
ţ֪ˣ˵ЩʵҺ飬Ҳνİȥɣȥɣֻȥ¶ȥġȵʱˣҾʹŶϾ
һ֣һ緢ӣĳȻס֡лл㡭
һۡɣûѽֻڰԼ˵ˣǴĵطҲ
Ц⣬ɳȻȴ䡣ԽǰѸ鲻µˣġֻԽںİɡ
ʵϣˣĲôѸġ㣬̫ںˡ
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ȴ۵ֳ
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ȻҲĺܣֵ˲ǱˡǴϻشǸˡ
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ԭǾ̵˶һֱǸճһ
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κΣһڱĮĵشȻһ޳ɰ
ɶⶼⱾ
˼ڣЩҹȥĶҲһա
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ΪˣҲҳȻǮ
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Ŵ˳һغ󣬱㿪ʼϳȻԺȥ
֪ȻԺ󣬱ڵ
ȻСˣûİôô˼ҷ򸾰Сûĵġ㹴ҼҴҲͰˣʹߣ֮ءô˵ʹʻðôɩӡү㽵װѳȻС˱˰ɡ
Щ׵Ľ۵ֳͬؿųȻѽιɩˣС㿴ȥˣ¶ȥ򷢰ɡƺء
㣬úƽϵġȻŶǣĲ뻨ĸ˼ƽϰ
ǣȴ̧ͷһµӡ
㲻ƽϣȴҪƽϵġô㻹治ˣ۾ȥһǸ˻ҧҶ컹ôġ
˵Ͻ߰ɡȥҿ治ˡ
ѸĴʣʱ޲ڸضԼ
Ҳ߯ˡ
ǰƯĵĸˣզĲżʮʱ䣬أ
һ㣬ôҲġ
ǰǧĺá
ڣദʱ䲻ʮ죬ȴ⸾˴ײͰˡ
Ҫģ۹ǳ
û¾øƵġ
ʼճڹȥ侲Сŷ֣Ưգĵֲ°
ȢȢͣȢŻĸˣǾǼլ
ҪҲߣλǰǿǲšƯϱģǵԼѧø㵽һȥǳȻǸúĸˣֲ߶ģҵˣԼø


204 ĸ

ˣҪɿ⡣
øҺѾͷҸûˡ
Ĵʣͷ۾졣
ۿǰƾҪڻϵϡ⸾ȴһһѾһ˵ĸ첲Ŵʡ
ˣ㴩壬ɵΪСأ㿴㿴ɷģһʹŶҪ򰡡أô࣬˺˼죬ȴȻС˵λð
ŵλˣŻ滨ӣҲϧ֮
Ŵʳȳ
˵ôˣǱӵ¶Ͳ˼ҶӳǸϽϱãؼȥա
ܵҲҡͷȰο
ѽһӵ¶ǸϽڰɡ˼Ժǰ˼ء
Ҳ˿óȻĺõģ֪£ԶԶ˹
Ҿ˵һ˼ңܰĻȵİ⸾˼Ҫ⣬ȷʵװ˫һţ
ҲǳԺģҲˣ˵عȥ
Ӵ˵ɶӻ˼ҳȻ˼ҡ⣬ҲǸ˼ҵ⡣ѲɣȻſȶһȺĸ˼ȥڲɣ
⡭
˺ôЦ
ˣҲǿͳȻƹɫǵֵһ㣬Ĩһѿֿš
ôҲֿˡ
ӴӴƹĺͳȻƹƤ֬۶˵СһŤǻҲûˡκΰ˼Ҳֻܿţû취նҲۼҵλҪ֪ˣðѰš
ŵζĵ٩ڳٶȺЦ
˵Щʱ񣬸ǿϣı֮鲻Զ
еͷԵˣӰλøš
أˣɵΪп⸾˺Ҽ๫һء㲻֪Ǹ˿ɶĺܣǮҼ๫ͷңҵġ
ϳקŵˣȻĹ֮һ£һʱ䣬ⳡԵЩŹ֡
ԭҲֵֻģֻ⸾мֵɫ࿴ۡ
˭뵽⸾˾ȻԼ֣ǵֹš
ƿֽĽ֮Ǹӣǿ˲ֹٱ
һʱֻ˶绨ĸˣЩƲˡ
Լ˼ƣϸӵĵ⡣
Ĩ˰ᣬˣòãģҲܶİգ㣬ΪСš
˵꣬һݡ
һɰµŪҲǣҲǡ

ʲô⣬ҵС£ޣҴȥ
ǡʱ˳߶λЯӡ
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ˣңҰʣҿްôԼȡ´ʣĵ˰
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򣬴򣬸øоҴɷģҲ´ʣ˽Һúõʰ⸾ˣҲƤˡ
νǺŵġȻڳ˶Ӧ
Ͼ˴뺷Ҳڷݸ˷
⻨ϵоеúܶ˷УϾƽʱȻ˵磬Ҳġ
ǻϼһ§˴ʣʣҪңްɵûҲС
ʿŵȫͷɢģǽӣҲʵƲ
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⻰ܲ˶ͷ
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ʱ⸾˺ûԼ鷳Ͱˡ
Ļ˵ȻĻ
ѧǸɶˣ˭
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ǣ˻ϣ⸾˵òҲˡҪһͻݴŮΪޡ
ʡ
尡һ㣬ʱصԼء
һܣ˶վڳȻ߶ġ
һʱ䣬֪Ǵˡ
Ψһľݣǳ´ˡ
ʰؽгɣǿҧסת
߻ݵĿӣô뵽ʶʱ
ǻĻϣһںӱߴ·
Լ·ʱﻹϡıӺۼ
չǸˡȻճ˵ҲǱǰǼҶһڵĵСˡ
ţһҪ
ӹһĨɪɣˣǽȰġֻҪ仰һݵı飬շˡ
ߣ´ѾľͲǸˣӴԺ󣬲Ҫ̤ȻѾͷļš
ˣϵַ˵
ֻ֮ɫˣѹͳɲ˴¡ǳȻݰ˲ܡ
תߣ´ȻͷԶĴڡãͿһ˫˵ŰˣСʹ
ȻѾͷԼչǿ˰գӴԺǲҲûˣ
뵽ȻѾͷ뵽һ±Щܶľ֪ΪΣ´Ҳ޵ĳ嶯
һеĸı䣬緢ڵƲ񡭡ȫΪ˵¡ʶһ󣬳´ʸղŵϧȫһǻŭ
ͻȻȻƿĸˡ
ӽҳ´ûŮˡ
ûԼˣȻ˶˵Ƶ
˫̻ŭ𣬸
ôãǰҲǽ˶Լķϡ
һʧһɽҲǸĸˡ
һʱ䣬ϺޣʣҪҪһĺӣҪˣҪ˰İߣ⺢ӿô죿ѲɣҪҰǵĺԶɱô
Ȼסˣ´ɵۡ
Ҫ˾ʱŮȴĺӣ
ô£
ŵʱһը
Ȼ̧ͷȥȴһ糾ĳԶ


205 ں

ߣһ
һϽȥ
ҲͻȻĺѡ
תԼ׵ʱŵһ亹
СǰأզҲӴ
ֻ˶еϵǻϿղţû⸾˿˵˵ģҴʵĺӰ
һû׵Сӣȴ˸ˣһŻ˺ӡ
۾ɵĴģϢҲЩȵ
Ҫ֪ϳ¼һˡ
ʱ´о
˵ô£
ǴǶĻǲ϶ӵ壬Ťףѿʱжߡ
ȻҲʱӭȥȻվǰ棬󲮡
ףȻѾͷҪ˵˵ø˵ʲô˻
Ȼ̾һɫ߲ѵĴʣ¶󲮽Ͱա
飬ǾƲ͵İ
ʿԽԽȺҲ֪ҳ󲻿ͷͷ⳵˭أۣۻؼȥ˵ɲ
ǻϴʱҲһµعǰؿӼͷ
̧ͷǵأǶǾȻӡ˼Ѫӡӡ
ҿءʣûĳģ֪һϳ¼ҵĺӣǵΪһЩС¶ҡɵΪϱ
˸ڍݺݵص´ʣ糾͵ǰĮ˭룬ȴڳ˴һ
ĩ׾ĸ˹С¶
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׺ݵصɴһۣǸˣ뵽ԼءզҲñӣӴ
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ȻֻСţҲ֪Щ浱ͱý
⻨һͨ˵˻˵ʹǸˣҲᱻȥһڴʺԺ̫á
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䣬ѴʵĴѣȻվԼ߶ġ
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ڳȻųӣ֪ΪΣȻļµĸо
ҲǶðˣ⳵ôһֱأ
˵ˣӦѽ
ͷ˵߶ͣϣûӣ̾˿

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ҡ
Ӵλӡǳʱġ
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ʱҲΪӻˣߵʱ򣬻鴲ŵءأбɶ֮࣬Ҳ䵱˲١ΪٲֵĲڣԻƵ°ӻڴ档
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һǼ񣬻ŵһƺ
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һᵽӣĺҲ鲻ȥˡ
ֱֱضŻϵĶӣչǳ¼ҵĹⰡŹŵĸˣǰԹı飬üͷ
ʣ⸾չһˣҲˡҪ˵ϳ¼ҵˣҲû׾ͷǵҵġڣϳ¼ҹķϣ˵ãҲֻˣ
һ˵ǰԼΪС檣Ͽɲˡ
ҭؿԭ˼ҵŮôҵ˴ʵأңҲҪ˰ء
ҭһҪײǽļơ
һ
㵱ҲɶҲ˽⣿ҿɸǣڵʱҾˡ˺һҲ˲˵ǡӣ浱Լ̲˶Ҷ۾ͰˣȻѾͷѪˮҿҪ㻳ϳ¼ҵֱ̣ӰߵˡޣʲôնһѸ뵱ϳ¼ҵĴϱҲԼǸʲô


206 з

ɫףֲԽ߬Ľġ֧˵ǰ˺˵˵
ͷشĻҲûò˵ʱΪϱȴԴϣ㻹еҽ̵ô
ҲһۣתʣʣԺŮ˹µĺһЩҿûûƤϳ¼ң
ϴͷﻮһ˿⡣Ȼҿߣϳ¼ҵĶҪǸõģҲĹˡ
ģȻѳһʡһ㣬ǲ֪ġ
ȥ󣬴ͬһҳ
ѯһкãҲԷЩ
Ҳ͸ˣ⣬ȫšǱӵ¶Ҳˡڼ⣬ȫһ¶ҺҲǿӣϵ֮ģȫڴͨǳţǾЩ̣СŵˣǻĲʰҵϣ츳Ȼ㻹Ҫð㿴꣬㶼ʲô
ָɫĴʣһ
꣬õ
Ȼͻϲżµʱ䰡
ûϽľͰˣڸ䵽ԼȻѾͷͷϵҪճ˼߳ȥˡ
ԺϽġر֤
ȴһĳ˵һ䡣
ʰҲ˵㰡ˣӦõǿҵȢްҲȢ͡ʱ򣬶ǿŮ˵Ӻÿÿʵϣȵ㾭һЩ¶ǿĶˣҲʵϣȢϱǵȢǰĴģмҽǵĲźð
֪
ЩΪȻ
ãԼͻϵһֻһЩ⡣
ΪȻٴ˵ȥ
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ʱ򣬹ѸҰ֣ƽ׬ǮȫˡҲ䲻Լȴڴһ
ǸޣǰӵǰչһһŮΪ͵աʱƹֻԼķ˵Ըֻٺһ𰡡
¶ֵСϵȫ֪
ʺǼ˵ĶӻǾѣҲġ
ʵҲЩȻ
кü׮ʣҾϸϸ˵磬ƹģȢ˸ƯϱǿִҪȢİƯҲĶˡߵﶼȡΪϱûٶ˼أϱɶҲᣬֻ֪ճˡԹŲ˲¼ɡ»ôճˣ˵Ůˡû¾ȥĥڵļҲȥ
ֹ˶ʱСӣºҵ䣬ϱôţ˼ƨɣűˡƹĵҲֻǸ˴̹Ǯڡ
ƹģʼҲȢƯϱºΪϱڵŭӵˡºȢֻƷûòأ㿴˼ҵСӣǽһⰡŮТ˳Ҳ𾴡ڷ˾˵ȢϱҪȢƷµģ㵹Ǻð澭û꣬ѧ黨ǲݣȥʰһζȹ
⣬ȴȹˣӻ֡
ʰˣ˯Լ˼˼ɡ
ϣͻϲһ󣬴ȴôҲ˯šһҹ˼˺ܶࡣ
ǻࡣ
ǰǼϴֵǾ
ȻѾͷҲãЦӯӯ
Ȼ˵ĲǣʵϣҲǳڴͽġ
أ
ڣԴ˻ϺƺΪŮ˵ĳֶ˸ı䡣
Ҳ˳ʵ룬ҲĲáʱҲǰ¶
һҪԼһֲҪȥǡ
żſһµ̰ɣмǵġ
˼ҵĸ˿ڣ˼Ťͷߡ
ʱ͸̸⣬־ᱻǰϣҪôǲšҹţô
һضصģ˿Ҳš
ϸһζʲΪȻԭⳡϰһ˼ҶĲĥȥ
ʱ̰ζǳٵ֮ģ˵¶Ҳٵء
һϣҲ͸ӡҲǰ档
ʶһ󣬴ٴθ̾ԭȢһõϱ¹Ľ
ڳȻ
뵽ǸԼȻѾͷˡ
Լⳡ޹ܺߡ
ֻΪǰڻϵǰ佱أͻģ˵ͳȻ˽
ĻԳȻ¶ҲԴ׵С˼
ýǻᱻ˵ǰ㡣ţʵİԽĲƽ
ͻȻѻϣ߳ʹѹԼĴʣʾԼɿ
סٸҶҼ˲һ㣬⼵ˣ㻳˵ķϣֻȢΪ檡
һУʲ֡
˾ŵĻϣܹ衣
˾ȵĺպ޳ȻΪһУȫΪȻͳġҲֻǵɱˡ
ȻԺ
㱧ǸкɫӡǵСϧĲˡ
СһڶЦأǿɰôСŰµӰɣôͿԶЦأ
ֵĲУȻҲЦŶ
ȷʵǺ⺢Եأ㲻һֱҪҼžô⺢ȡ䣬ԺҼһŶˡ
!ૡ
һߵĳûס۵ֳ
ȻɶļһȻ˵һĺǱ㡣㣬㣬ҾͲ֣ˣȡһһиֽоһôһһҪҾŶһһõ֡
Ȼһ飬ҲŮ˲ĳء
ĸСȡˣȻ죬ι˵ӣҪ⺢ӰĩˣҪոӣ˼ֻ⺢ءһ㽫ɲôá
ҲȰ䣬ǰС㣬⺢ӻǹǷŰɡôģҲǸδ֮š⺢ӣԺҲ˼ҡ
ȴǿɬҡͷ˸еؿŻһһ
ӰԺͺһˡ㣬ǲТ˳ԺҲȢϱ㰡һ˹µһӣ


207 

̧ͷϵʧʧνʼ磬Ѿͷãһô?ãˣԸȢôԸ⣬Ҳ޵ġ԰иҲǲġ
һһСֶӰӣ۾ؿϵһС
۵С³ݡ㿩ЦŰͷϡ
һһһһԺһһӴ
˿ðεСеССצػӰӣκΣ񫣬ô໥šⳡôһܰˡ
ȻȰ
ÿ˶ȨѡԼԸţҲûҪɾȰ
СųմŵСȻľͳޱȡ
С˺Ҳ˴ʹϧ˵ģȫСΪҷ顣
һܴ£޷򿪣⺢ӣҲôմԺضȹÿһˡ
ǰСӣ˵ģ
ٿǰųմĲ󻰵ĺӵȻıӷᡣ
žžવµ䡣

Ǿֵص
ȻϽĨᣬǽ㣬ȻģȻھغ㣬£Ȼء
ҲǱʶͰֵ˶
һ󾪿ֺûмСֻǳճմصųȻһ˫Ĵ۾ûнࡣ
ýϴ
ĨᣬȻǣ֡
ã⺢ӻǣ֡
;úܺˡ
СԹԵϴι˵ģںźϴ˯
ߵʱСָš
԰ӽ𣬾ͺһ˯ˡžǴȥ
ԭʱȻϾһ˯ġڴٽĸĸӼ顣
ֻǾʹǺӿȻһֱͣ
ڱˣҲûôų⡣
÷ʱҲԺ£Ϊľǲ̽;ô¶ϧΪֹҲûҵԭڡ
СˣȻҲֻܾȵĺһ˯ϾڳС
Сʼķ˾ͼвϣȴҲóȻżĽ
ΪȻֻճ
æûļԷ⺢˭ιҲԡǵõųȻι
ҪܣҪչˣ⻹ôʱĳȻɫ۴û
˿Ҳû취˭ϵ¶ôء
ΪˣȻ˼ܰģҲԽǿҡ
¹ȥ
һ죬鼤شһ˺ȭ󣬱㿪ʼԺ
Ҳͬ˵϶ȻڴЦݡ
үԺû㣬Ҫǻȥ½ֳȥѽȻѾͷҳԵǸĶҲˣѾͷӾǶࡣ
ţҲǺǵЦ
ɲô⺢ӣЩСӡ˼Ұӵء
˵󣬳ٶȸ̾
ǰ֮ģʺںԺŵġ
ɺͳȻӴһʱ͸ıһ뷨
ʵҲܶ߶ġȻ˵Ĳ
ƬСĸĽ˭߽ţᾪŴ͡
й滮ܹ淶ֵ¡
ҪģΪеĹ滮Ĳ
Ƭط̻д֮ģҲԽԽࡣ
һУҪģ˿ڵ仧⡣
ʱսһе˿ڶѣҲζеķչΡ
ǰΪԱ仧֮ģûƳõĸ
ԴӾɳǹ滮ĽеһУȫ仯ˡ
ٿ̻Ĵңȫʼѡ
Щ˼ңЩˣҲǰ̡
̣Ǻ̫ùⱣһЩֻ£һˡ
ˣȻͻӣ֮ǰ
ٵ̻ݣˣҲڳеܿʼأ仧
һʱ䣬д򣬴پãе磬ʼǰΪսԵʣٴ񶼺µĲѣ񿴲ǰ仧һ
Ҳ̤ʵ˲١
ڹЩˣҲ
һȨıȡ˽ΪǴ󿪷֮š
Ͼ֮֮䣬䣬ȥȥģ޷Ҳǵֵͷ
һϵежڷкôЩҲͲɧš
Ŀǰͨ˫ķչЧԻĻ
һ˫ҲͿǰĬȫչ𾭼á
ó˷ܵǣеĽɹҲ˷ϲ㿪ʼעҲ֪˭˷˵ĮǷչ滮Ĳ죬ĻңǰӲ졭
ĻҳԱ
ӲɹҪȡǡ
Խ룬ԽļڳȻĸм֮飬ҲԽŨء
ãǻȥȻʳȥѾͷ࣬ʽҲ٣һذŵڶء
Ҫ˵ǶǱ߶ǰҲǸĵطȻѾͷЩӰ̰ȥΣȫء
Ҳͷ
ѾͷŰˣҪһŮжð
һᣬҲˡ
ʹǵʧȥǸŮ
ˣˣҲѾͷ׹Ůġ߰ɣ߰ɣȥ
˵ţһǶȥ
ǰĵطӦǳƬĸӶࡣ
Դӳй滮½֮еķشЩˡ
ΪȻڳǶչңԼй֮ȫǨƵƬطһ˲ٵ̣ΪʽлӶ࣬ö϶ߵ·ǶҲԸڳ䡣
һأǶƬĻ֮أȻս
ûѰ̻ǰ㣬ֻǴżӣͽǶȥ
үȻѾͷǼһﰡ˵ͦеأˣ͵öܲ۾ųŶɵӹǰȷʵ̫ءǰҲۣ۵ëԴʱڿ󣬾ȻͺࡣǺǡ˵Ѿͷǲħզɶ¶Ƕܱĺת
ģҲǳȻˡ
ŷģȻҲˡ
˰ҪȷʵӦõġ㿴ңɻô෱¶񻹶ӵĺܡѽȻѾͷްǺá
ô˵ѾͷΪŮء
һᣬüͷ
Ȼ˵ȻǲϾֻһ̻˼ҡ
Ǻ˼ݹϵ˸ŮݣԺȥ²á
ǣ뵽еĹ滮Ҳ뵽ԺķչȻĹףв١
ǰѳȻΪŮҲǸİ취
ڹǰ̽ӲҪԼ־ǱҪϳʵġ


208 ̾

Ͼ˴飬ܶȨؾæڹȴϱҪͷĴ¶
ϱˣеĹ滮˭ģҲ˳ȻΪŮôЩͣϡ
ʵɷŹ
˰ϲȻѾͷҲȷʵǿԿΪŮҿѾͷǸ͸˶㣬ҲĵĶࡣ
һһϲҲȻˡ
飬ԼͷӵĴء
ҲǸġ
ų˶꣬뷨ҲǺġ
Ů˵ǣǺδķչйء
ȻͷǴõ뷨Ů¶Ȼ˵ˣҲ˫ӮһȻ澭̣֮ģ˳ŮݣҲĶࡣ
ţҲͰԵͷģճȻŮ¶ŵֻźʵʱȻ
ţѾ˳Ƕ½֡
ǶĵشȻ滮ȡΪ½֣һٵģֶҲһµ췢չ
ûٰ֣õ̯㣬̶̯̯̣̣ⷷӵߺ
һеֵ¡
ּۻ۵˶İٰ̾
УԴ޽ͽֵˣҲ淶ࡣ
Զһĵ̡
ɾİ̶꣬ӣµ꣬ʻֽ꣬
еһĿкſ˵ĵ
ǰ¡۲Ľ
ʱһƻߺţһ룬ţһ룬±롭
ӣ
ʵݶҲвٵʽһҺȴĽϸǶࡣ
ӣҲвٵ
ֻܶǰһ롣
֮ģҲû㡣
ԭΪȱһЩĳԹݵˣҲȥңԭ򣬾ֹֺãҲ࣬С
кҲмӡ
ߵſڣӭ
λ롣
Ȳɶֱ϶ùͷĺ
ģŨĹͷٿŲԶһĴСǣԶ˦ˣŹƮŨ㡭
ĲӶô
ԭֻһˣҲֱӵһ롣
Ƕһ󣬳˱㿴Զλƹġλ̶ƹ񣬻ֶء
ԭǸ¿ˣû뵽ƹҲģġȻȷʵǺܻῴʶ˵ġ
ǵõʱԼҳȻ˵˵Ҫֶһλ£ʱҲ㷲šɳȻڵ֪˻ˣһʶֺ󣬱ȻӦ¡
ݳҲ֪ģڼҲǸз˵ˡ
Ȼ˼죬ĲڣҲ
︸ĸû취ҸʡĻơ
СӳԲ˿࣬ڿ˼ҵ̶ƹģǽζ
Ѿͷˣ۹Ⱑء֪СǸʶҲ˵˶̶һ¡϶Ժ󰡣С϶ܷչļáųȻѾͷǸԶķ
̾һ˵ţſڣͣһ
ˣǱźӵĳȻˡ
Դ̶źҲڼԷÿ춼׼ʱǰ
˺ˡ
źӵĳȻ󣬸ϽҪǰڰ;ʱ㱻
ֵקס֣ȥŶ
⺢ӣԽԽɰءӴҾЦҿ϶ᷲ½˳ġ
С˷ĵػϲ
⺢ӾƤʵء
Ȼǫ˶䣬˶Ŷȥ㻳һһ
Сһһ˶ʱϵĹӡԽԽ
ϳ˽һλĴ˼һЩҩһһúСһĹӡǣȻĿҪˡ
Сһһ
ʼֻСһһһʱҲģģ˾ͻŴС첲
ۡۡнĻ裬ûĳ˰Ĳˡ
һһҲСһֳƤʵ˵ء
Цü䣬ѽ˵ѽ⺢ʼʱҲôһŶ˵Ž찡Ȼһø첲ˡ㳤ȥҶ챧ء
۵ֳ˵뻳ĺӡ
ţǳƤʵЩ뱧أɻе̫ŵĶܱģ㣬˵ҿȱʿ˵ˣѾͷ㲻һٵˡ
˵ڵĳҲǳȻԺˡ
Ҫݣн١
ԺҪвƷ
˰ҰաʱһһɰѰ۵ĹǺʱ䣬һء㿩Цҡͷ
ο㣬Ҳŵࡣ
˿һһ̾ϢŰѺӵݵ
Ҳǹ˰֪ͦ۵ġ㰡Բ۵ġ
⻰㲢ûнӡȻûһйδ¶ٷͿ
Ҳ֪¶ᣬȫûҪְעתƵȻ߶
ȻѾͷڹҪһͬһȥӴա
Ȼһҡͷˡ
⣿
ӴԱ⽻˰ա
һ̸ǰȥôʵġ
ô˼ҵӣ˲Ը
Ȼ񣬡ˣ飬Ȼ֮áȻǰȥЩҽ
ǰз˵Ȼ˳ˡ
ΪˣȻ̹ȻһЦ
û飬Ȼġ
´£򸾵֪ˣһԼˮzuiҲ˵ôΪˣʱҲֻǳų˲ʱŻǰȥ̽˵ġ
ѽүҲãԲ˳һͬǰȥ̫áϾǰιۣͬˣȫȨҾӶࡣȻѾͷȻܸɣϾ岻
ȻĬȻվһ߶ֵֻЦ¶ż⡣
ƺе㡭һһϵζ
һΪѵɫ
ѽҿȻѾͷʵĿϲү֪ҿɲȻѾͷΪŮأ㣬ҡ
˵˴Ĩᡣ
ݳʳͣȫĬȻˡ
Ҫ˵ͻȻճȻΪŮʵЩġ
ոջĽš˵־Ȼ
ҲǰиСŮġ
ϧΪزˡ飬ԷҲǼĴ


209 

ʱͳȻߵĽˣҲΪİŮİաһ룬ܶҲ롣
ǰʱĳ˺ͳȻߵļĴ˵ʱҲͲˡ
ˣ֪ˣѽҿȻѾͷͺСŮͰӦҲġأ˵ˡѾͷ㻹ǰݼɵ
Ȼİǰһԭһ¶ŵء
ȷʵ˫Ӯ¶ԳȻҲ顣
ظ¹򣬿ͷ
㿴Σ˰Ѳ衣
ɵⱭŮǵġӴԺȻѾͷҲۣҲ˰ˡȻѾͷ۸ˣĻˣҲҵ߿ˡ
˵꣬ϥǰѲݵ˵
ԭֻΪϵףȻиŵĻ󣬲֪Σ˵ıӣȻЩᡣ
ʱզȻ뵽
ԼλŮķǱץ˵ġ
ңеһУȫڿ֧š
˴ҵ˵ļѣһŮˣܺõȥ
ܵˣʱҲǵһʶȻһ
ƽʱֻ֪Ů˾Ǹһ
ϣƺû벻⣬Ҳû޷׬ǮĻ
תתдѵǮȥ
˵˵׳ɹˡ
ɽ㷢ĵĸ̾ǿ
ʵôܸɣҲֻһŮˡ
ܿɹģǰȴһЦӭ
Ůˣҵףҵѣ
ӣҵĺŮ
ΪθиţҲ뵽ԼЩĿ
˵ҲֻһŮôʱ򣬳ҲлģЩС֮븮
ˣֻˣࡣ
ȻϷ컵ģʵϣŸЩС֮ģҲġһֱɣԼСŮǱ
ΪǸ̫ǷϲˡҲСŮȥ󣬷ŶԺһЩġ
ҲΪЩҵΪºԸֽڴЩС檡
ôֹ꣬ʲôreأ
뵽ദ§ųȻȻᡣһףڵ㴫ȫǡ
ԣȻͬųǰȥӭӷĹʱڳˣҲͲкβˡ
˵ĸŮ˼һ֡
ģСӴĹǣ¶ͬȻǺõġ
⣬ߣվԣȻų˵һͬվ¡
һ̣մЦ˿˸Сһ߶顣
򵥣ȴֲʧ¡
οؿٳԶվһЩǡҩȻĶ䡣
Ѿͷҷֳ֣˶棬㳤ÿ
Ȼû뵽ˣλ¸ﻹע¶
ؿܡ
⸽վȫһЩͷķǡ
ʵҲмλ˳˵ģġϾܶܵϴķˣүǴŮˣûɫĵ˵ȥ
۵ֳ
ﰡ㿴ǱߵĴˣ˼ҿǳƯ˵ءλԷˣҲǳ˶ôͳǸÿġҰ治˱ǹ⻮ء
첻СߺߣȺӣȻٹȴ˹ζҲѾͷ㣬ôŶǸġ㰡Ҫ˵ƤģҲеƫһ㣬ȷʵǵɫ˵ġǰ˵Ĺ棬һ˿žҲ϶ء⣬Ѿͷ˵ĵط
⻰ĳȻЩ졣飬λڿ佱ԼĹءţȻǱﲻסҪЦԶķ糾죬ϽЦݡ
ءܣǷǰˡ
ҲϽɫ½ڹǰǻ뾡ġ
ˣһȺʮ˵Ŷӡ
Ȼ࣬ǰ˵ĸоǱĴڡ
Ǳ񻮹ڳˣϽٹվһ߶һмҲŻͣ¡
Уһ
ȻЩ죬룬һξȻŮǰ
˶Ա뺷ƵģʱҲŮͬеġˣֻ²򵥡
ȻţȻ񣬻мλŽ۵ɨһۡ
еһλˣòá
Ҳ˫ʮ껪üǣеĴzuichun
ʱԴˬʵЦݡ
һ˫ɨȴȫһ
ȻվǶֻɨһۣȻֿ͸ĸо
֪˲ڹעֻϰԵɨһۡ
ӵˣλߵ
һȺͣĪǣ
Ȼз۾΢ЩȻֻ˵ͣҲû˵ûлˡ
ڳȻı߽ĳУɼһĴ֮ǰʱòõӣŮǰеġ
ݣֻǻˡ
֣һһᰡ
˷ݵˣһٶ̾ԶһЩСǵ񣬸Ǵˡ
Ȼɨһ۲ԶһЩǳĴС㻹үǾӶࡣ
ӭӵһȺеŮֻӴԶľӶɡϾּ¶ټġ
ﰮreֵĹŮǵ¶Ȼǿ۽Ĵ¶Ա飬ʶĺ¶Ȼݴ
Ȼųվһ߶ЦݣȻ͵
˾ǨԶԶأ㲻رλһɫĸ˴ˡ
Ȼʮмȴ˵Ů֮ġѲλǵĶϱǣϱǲ˵ģԴģǶȻԼҶϱʾ˵ġ
һ룬˾ǨԳȻݣҲЩˡڴкʱ򣬱㲻࿴ۡ
λ˶λòÿ˲ûӡؿվʹ
λǵ˾Ǩүλǵ֮ӡ
ʹָϽָָվ˾Ǩߵһλӡ
ܣ֣֮Ͻվ˳λֵЦݱȭ˰á
ģ̫׽ʵڹеķ
Ǻ˵ȫ˾ǨϣתƵʹӵϡλ֣٣˲õ˵Χ£
һӭŷĹȥ
ȻΪֻͬǵЦСҲ֪ǲǰ廰ġ
ǰٶȺ˵Ҳְӵ˺һֱͲ⳵˶ߣǱģ
ϵ˶ҲֵĺܣʱˣȻҲû˼
Ȼ˶һۣеز˼顣
Ҫ˵ɣǸĹңҲһò֮Ķİգ
⵽˼ҵĳˣ˼ҶӭˣҲ
˵ϣЩҲס
ȺŮͲǰӭӣһлԽ͵ͨġ


210 ûһŮ

һȺŮǰӭӣΪԤԷŮ֮ģʱһ𲻷㡣Գ뵽˰һȺҲϵġ
Ȼڣ˵ˣĹˣȴǶҲġһλǵĳ˵ЩҲסˡ
ȻȻҲƶ˼ҵ¶еʱ׽ġ
reս˵Ĺͣǳ;棬̫ƣˣĪȥ
еļλ˵ɫҲЩΣ˵ҲϽǰοˡ
ǰ˵ӷǰҲںüгء
˵ɫԺһЩ
̧֣ڰ˵Լġ
ͻȻ򿪣һ۵
Ҫ˵ļĳǸʲôģǴ󶼵ĺ𣿡
⳵ŮͣȻλСӣ
ӣСôһʱ䣬ֳȫɵۡ飬һǰλСӰǰ滹ͬ˵ĳˣСһʶҲŵһ¡
飬Լӭ˰죬ҪȻûǰӭ
һʱ䣬ŵĸϽӭӵ¡
ףһͷӣû˼Ӳϲ
룬ӳλޣȻzuiһƲ
һʱ䣬εĽ
λ֮ӸϽǰΧ
Ī֣ʮ˻һֱԵԶ
Χڨڨ֧ţ££ʮ˻ҲԸ⣬ˣӦġ
ֻһĻӼһҲǲ¶ˡ
ڱҲĿĺܡңڹٳϵˣˣûؽ֮ġ
Ȼ˵Ȼˣ飬⳵λ˵Ļӣѹ֣ûǡ
һˣһ˵ҲȻˡ
Ȼһλʮ˻һۣҲӡ
Ҫ˵ɣޣӦڹﱻ˺ŵġ
ôСһСȴ˳
³ĶҲǸҰ˵˶
ƽʱҲûôŵİա
ɴˣҲʵĿɿˣʵЩ뺷ء
СҲ£Ļϣ϶ûİա
Сķ۵һ˫Ư
ֻϧüжǼ˵˶Ǹ߻˵Ĵڡ
ʱ³󣬱š
Žֱ߶ĺģһࡣ
пϵģһ
˾ǸȥҪ
вϲģֱӵ档
Сǿλ˵ƣвҲֻǸŭԡ
һ·ӵȻһ·ˡ
Ҳóųۣӵ
ôһĹλСӱӵ˲ٵĴˡ
ŵСܵĿһЩϽˡ
ҲܵһЩ
ǰ治ԶһλͷڻŵʰԼһЩ
ߵһλСѾͷæҵظʰ
СҲߵĿ졣ǴĶǰһץסͷĲһק
ү
㡭
Ѿͷȳ⣬ȴͷӸϽקһ¡
ⲻãѿ
ۡ
Ҳ󣡡
ۡ
ôһĹͷĺüǱӵ˸ϡá
˺ûģϲΪʲôҪӵأ̫Եˣ㡣
СŮĵصͺȳСزһСͨ졣
ʮ˻ƺû뵽ôСѾͷҺԼzuiһ㶡
Цʹһ㡣
ȻһãϽǰһվСѾͷǰ
ǡǡʱСӵһҲˡ

Ȼȱݺݵشһʹڵϡ
СѾͷŻˣϹɵɵؿųȻͷӼĿ죬ϽѾͷקپغ˼ʮ˻ӡ
Ҳ뵽һֻСһһǰ⳥ҲͰˡ
ڣԼµĸŮȴСĵֹ¡
һòˡ
ǿסӣǰվڳȻߣʮ˻һ
СӣĶǴЩ磬ȥһЩȤģ˼ġ
Ϣˣ»С
ֻ໥ȥǰӷš
ǣĺ˼δ鰡
ǻƿС۾һɣܲмغһۡ
ʲôСүǰ˵˵ǡСѾͷƬӸҶҲ򣬸򡣻ǰߣҿҲǸԴġˣ
ôСĺӣ˼˵ĴҲͰˣzuiҲ˵Ķ治֪˶ôļҲ̵ܽĳ
ȻҲۣǿվСӵǰһЦ˼ˣǼˣվһ𣿡
С֪Ҫʲô˼ҲȷʵġԱ̧ͷưػص
԰ͳͳǼˣϵŮˣûһǺõģȫǰλļǣҿ˾ᡣ
ž
ȻͻȻˡ
һƣʵСˣҲ˵ɵۡ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˿ǷСӰ
ʮ˻Ҳɵˡ
ŵؿųȻ㣬Ҵҡ
ϣŵΪġ
СʳвԵĵطҲġ
һֱʹĸǶְֳġɽ죬ȴһλͨװĸ˴ˡ
ܴ裬ʮ˻˵ȫǲġ
ûҴ㡣ԶǿͣڳǰǻӣҲչǸˡһһ
Ϊӣǰ˵ʧ裬Ϊǻ嶪ˡ
ǰһƣǴ㣬֪㼴˾ҵĻӣ˾ҵٹ⣬бҪάȥûҪộԼϡ
ǰǻӣҲֻһ׵ӣΪһ鸾ˣ񲻺ϣǿɳֽѵġĻ޹ءΪķ㣬ǰǸ˻Ǳ㻹СĺǰбҪ˾ҵҫϰףӦġ
󣬺Ҫһ㣬Сӱѩѵ֪Ｋطݵ̫ˣ˷ôһʱã󣬻᲻еñķУһٷ㡣㣬˲Ҫ̫ݣ򣬹ҲǽС˽ǳˣҲΪС롣ǾСھͰҹȻȫµ˶֪ʮ˻ӣԭǸ۸ΪֵĲбˡ
Ļǳв˰ɡ
ǣʮ˻Ӳòϣ˵ȷġ
ô裬Ҳִ֪ġ
¶ﵽʵĶôҲһ١
ҪģһλҲ˵
˵ȥĽǣǸ˺òˡ
ӴˣҲû˹
Ҳ䱾͵ĸӵİšþòĪģʮ˻ӾȻ⻰ЩС


211 Сӵ

ߣ㵱ġҸǣڿǷǣǵΡˣͿ鵽˰ɣСүҲû¡СˣȻ֮·ϴ˱ʵѽҪôͷأ
ζضųȻһ˫ԭӦͯ۾ʱаȻšüƺе嶯ˡǰᱻȰ
ղŵĽƱ磬Ҳ֪еռϵ
ԲԲػӦС˼һҲֵǮûӵ˲ˣֻ»֡
֪֮أӾˣӽֱ뿪㶼ý̱ӡ
ʮ˻֣һ˷ܵӡ
ųȻ񣬸ǶһȤһ
Ȼ̾һֻ̺²ô
ҲӦмؿһ۳ȻЩԹλŮе嶯ǺõġҪôõreүʮ˻ɱˣ￪˵Ҳ޴ˡ˾ãǴ˺۸š
ϾǶһǣ̫⡣
ֻҲλŮء
λСô̺Ůǰȥ̺򣬻ᱻôΪء
һ˶񣬵ͶȻʱ͸Źذ
¶ôˣȻô˵棬Բٷġ
ΪˣҲֻܰЩ
ٺͳ뿪ʱפһ
Ȼʮ˻ӿ㣬ǰȥ̺Űա¹ôģ˼СҲԶǿͣ۾һЩҲӦõġڼһæտŵġ⼸죬ҲҸǰȥտʡĵĺӡ
йСֻ¶Ҳ˵ġ
ΪˣҲ
лˡ
ǰȻԷƵġ
רΪһ׼Ժ󣬳Ȼ˿Լһֻһҵսһģûɶ̫˵ġ
ʱŮԣܶǧǰСô
һ룬ԭģȻ漣ذ
ƺ򶨰ԺӣĻǴպϣשôŪģ
СԺӺʮ˻ӵעͱдԺˡ
ʵľЩש
ЩשǱ߶ûС
ЩƳשͷмпĵģһǿ

ȻҲûиһͨ
ŶĵģΪҪÿĵģѲɣĵĻʵĵĳأ
һöԺĻ´
ԭưʮ˻ӣڿʱͱĹ˳ࡣ
硭ֻǽһ䣬ƺҲ뵽ʲôĿڣ˾ôҲ
ȻЦԵģҲ˾ҵĻӡֻݣҲ֪Ϊ
ʵҲ⣬ΪһȺ棬ֻһλʮ˻ˡ
һĺӣôܵôĿ
ֻ֮£Ҳȫǰλ˻
СӲŷҪҲһԣλ˻ӣְҲͲΪˡ
εɨʮ˻һۣ񣬻ڳȻϡ
Ȼ˸û̧ͷ׻ػ
λӵĻĵשȷʵǳҪʵĵԺáţһ飬öשͶʵĵһءֲѿȻˡ
ʮ˻չǸԶģһ⣬ơ
ţãˣ壬ȥ顣
һĿשͷѹƵ
ûһˡ
ǿʵӦýʵש飬ѹѿ
ǿĵש飬
˰ĵģȻʵĵĻء
˻档
ȻȻһЦվһ߶ûҪ͵˼
ŲִһЩءֿשҲִǻۡ
ŴҲ˺þò֪ġ
˾ǨûͣҲͲٹ׷ʡֻСܳڴ˴ֻǿһԼСˣ㲻ٶ
ʵԼֵǸɶĵԵˣ˭ġֻСڸʵ̫ҪЩģҲ̫֡
Ůˣƺ̺СүҰ֪ж˰̺Сүģ
ȻһֱԲģʮ˻Щˡ
ǴȤڳȻϡ
Ҫ֪ô󣬻û˸ҺԵġǰŮˣͷһݶԣߣôҲһ¡
ûСȻǵȻ顣
ʮ˻۾һתˣҷȥȡһ
˻üͷκεɨһʮ˻ӣȥɡ
ʮ˻һϽ㣬㱾
ȻšüöƺҲе㲻һ
ֻǸ˸תȥȡˡ
üô
ǽ˵̴ӴһǰɢغȳһԼȥɣĽǸƤӣһС
ݣ˷е⣬Ҳûĸо
СҲӡλʮ˻ӳţ֮ĴĲࡣǿӣȴǼġ
ңҲߡ
ôӣţеŹְ
ȻüɲΪλӵĻӻôõֻȡһ·
ӣڿҪʱȴ滹۵졣
оʲôצһ
صĶ
ֻ˲䣬Ȼ뵽һ㡣
ǰڵ濴ŴһЩүСǣõһУһЩװһЩġ
Ҳһա
˿ܣȻȡһ·ϡ
СĵûֶһҲȱСҧסĺð
֣Ȼһƿӱ˻
ֻǾһƳĹҲò˿λү治һİ¶
Ĵ棬ŵȷʵǶ֮ġ
棬Ыӣĺܶ˵Ķȫŷ档
໥ҧ໥ڣѹֿӣ㶯
Ӵ򿪺мҲ˳
Ȼ·ת뿪
ͷβɫе㷺ףģҲɶ
վʮ˻ӣڴļ
Ȼ˰죬ģֻǵȻƽż·
ǴݵӣƺѹûӵĿ־塣
һ̣ȻȻָƽ
һСӵܶȥ
⺢ӣֻǱ߻ˡ
ǡ
㣬㡭
ʮ˻ӵٵԶ̴ӣɣûԼķԸ¡ѲɣȻûǿӡ
뵽⣬ʮ˻رȥûſڣ㿴һߴ˳
ŲһͣȥǿǴ˵ġ
ͷųȻ,ʮ˻ӵ͸š
Ȼ£
ȻȻˮǼܶߣ̧ʮ˻ӯһЦ


212 

˵ֳôкοµģ
˵꣬ٶض׼߾ס
ָߣ߷еļβͲ󣬶ȻȴǳЦӯӯذѵĴߵݵʮ˻ǰ
㿴ֳ棬ʵֻҪ׼ʺȫҪµİ˵ֶҲͦġôʮ˻ЯŴûôôܡã߿Ҳˣͷͦ󣬲磬Ϊʮ˻һȰա
ߣųȻһսɳȻһʮ˻̸Ц
ǴݵӣûӲϺˡ˼ˣһƨڵϣ˫ּӡ
ӣҲҪ㣬ӡ
ʧصʮ˻ӣƽʱֻ֪׽ŪˣҲʵıһ
ȻЦӯӯ֣תӯ뿪ٱʱҲڳɵ˵ˡ
˻ӽıӰ
һе˼ĸˡǣҲǰİ
ǡʮ˻ƺŵĲᰡĲôЯŻ˵ʮ˻ʾ
ʮҲǸ߻˵ģƽʱЩҲ̫ڽѵڵã⸾˳Сһ£ҲǸһѵʵǸ˵Ҳǲ԰Сʮȥ¸ʻôãյ³
ҡͷû˵ȥ˭ĳ
һеĽȥյĽֻ֣Ǳˡ
ʵŻлʼһһְɱ
ǾĸԼİС檵ĶŮزͷֻš
ֳ磬˵۶ǾǰСʵأ֪СҲ
֪СԸǷζУ˳ȥ⺢Ҳͱ߻˵ġ
һ죬˻˵⸾Ǹĵġ
ʵϣɱǿ¡
˻ЦԼĸʻ˼
ϣžǹųʮ˻ӡ
ĸܳĺܡ
ʵأ
İǰôƺʮ˻ӵĸڵ˺˸ӡ
ǸŮ˵ңƿűȨ
ʼҵѽˮ
ΪӿŽɢġ㣬ҲչһЩԼҵ֮ġ
߰ɣȥ˵ܷĶȥ
˻ӰЩ˼ɢҪɢģ¶ҲҪġ
ͨԼӣϱװȻڲס忡
ʵ˻ڷǺʵҲ˵һλӡ
ֻϧƺֻĻӣλ˻ӣǷܾãѹͲôᡣ
ϻȥ˰ǵ겻ȥ磬Ҳ˻Ӱ
ͨЩ¶ٴΪԼ̾Ϣѡ
뷨˻Ȼǲġ
ʱⶫǵòޡ
ǰһʹһ룬ż˼꣬شĸı䡣УҸ˵⸽ĳУֻ£ҲһİЩ滮ˮģȫƵļá
һеĹ滮ֻҪϵľסͨԼ֮ġ
һĳ˼ңõıͰȴк͵Ļء
һͰһͰǵıͰʹ˸
ӣ㲻ȥЩذɡ
ͨԼӣ
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ûģеķòֻأˮԴԼδĳй滮ȡů֮ģЩϿֻһЩСĹ滮
ʵأЩһнӲܵˣͷԲ򵥰ҷҲģؽĳУҪȡľôЩů豸лأԼһЩǲ֪Ķ
˻ָָ档
ͨԼӾˣҲͨ͸ġ
ڱһ㣬ҲȻ
˼˵бϵǼѧġҪӲơȷ룬һУˮԴлЩͨȷʵҪֶΰǣ浽Ķ
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֣ͨһ㰲ź˰еȥ¡
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ЩĿĵ̣һЩʻĻԼһЩԺ䣬˾Ǩò̾еı仯̫̫ˡ
ǰԼǴ֮ˡ
Ȼǰ֪֮ǰǵϻۣ˼һȣѹʲô
ƺеˣᴴ¡
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ǰȥ룬ȥһȻ
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ǣһжһƵģǴˣǰҷҲٵطչô
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ټһԺ䣬˾ǨĺĶ
Ҫ֪̫Ļһ̼ң˲ιۡˣȻιۡ
ò˵һ㣬ǳԤϰ
Ǻǣиĵ棬СһֱֻӼ⣬̶ӵ¶һǲĻƵġСĶҲֻȥǰӴˡ
˾ǨٶȺؿ˿Ժ䡣
һֱĶģƺµ˲١Ҳ֪ЩڴЩʲô
Ѳɣ
뵽Щ˾Ǩüĸˡ
ȻʹСĦҲûдģս
ǴڴģشǶǷǼġ
ôģҼ뿴ǵĵ̣ǸӡϽУҪҺ㼱ˡͨһԼӻԱǸͺȳ
ɶŵȻԲعλĲай򣬻λൣһЩ
ͨ½ѵⲻ۵ŷҪ֪Ǽӣ²ƣɴСҲǸӰãȻСӿܣ⵱ūŵĶܲˡ
Ȼûȵ˾Ǩ
Ǻǣˣ˼˼ңеأġ߰ɡͨʹ˸˾Ǩתߡ
ʱȴѴ˴Լ˾ǨȻһЦҲŷٹؾ²ѵͨǰĽӴҶȥʵˡ
ͨڹ£ӣ̫ˡС˶Ҷ㲻¶һж˵ҵ˵ӦôǼһＸֱӲȥźá


213 

˾ǨһЦͨʱƺ̫ˣȻԼڡ˽쿴йأǸҪǿƻƽ׵˺ȥɲ΢õĿġ
һ㣬û˵ŷһͲǼ򵥵ǿģŷǸָ֣̫Ѩ߸¡ˣǸ򵥽ɫ
һָֿͨӣһУ˵˴򵥡
ģԽ
Ҫ˵ҲǺսġ
ʮΪڶ治ϵս֮ʡ̫࣬ٷģսڷ
һǰʵҲǴҪʹ޺õġ
Ǵ׼ǾͰڰв߻սǷ֮ңһֱìദáǴҪսֻ£һĿ꣬ͬ
ʴˣ˾ǨŻᵣǡ
ڣģսˡ
һ㣬Ҳֻ֪ͬ
˼ţܿ㵽ǰӡ
һλƯĺŮڽ⡣
ˣĳȫǴһǴһѳͷ֮С¶
ЩСģڵƺ͸㶨ˡΪҲһ¯ӣģæЩơ
ƹģһĻ֪ܽ
˾ǨЦк
ģ˼ǲӡĻֻͣм⡣㻹ȥұļҶɡ
ŮͷҲֱ̧Ӿͻؾˡ
֪ҪЩʲôǿܣǻܿһ
Ȼʱһʵ
˾ǨͷȴһŴ·ĸ˻
ٸɫĳȹһ˫ССЬ֣°һǳɫС黨߶䣬С黨ʢ˱ǶŮޣüĿ续ɣˮܽصĽྻʤе֬۶ٷ繡
½ˣ˾Ǩǲò̾Ůˣ˵ǰٿĿ˶
ʱЦӯӯľ˵㣬ȴ·һж͸ĸˣжò?
УƺҲֻĸйա
֪ΪΣٸ˾ǨȻЩȻ
С˳Ȼ˾ӡȻӭǰһ
ʮ˻ӸϽӲЩ̡ÿôæЩҪߵģǵһˡ
ֻÿ춼Ӳһأʵ˽ԼһЩ̡
ӣӲ֮ء
һ㿴й˾Ǩ
ˣȻһֱãͬһҪˡ
ΪˣҲȥ˴һ·Ļӵܡ
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㱨鱨˵ܳ裬ɳȻȴΪ
鱨˵λӿڷʵ۵ܳ
ŮĶӣô᲻أ
ϡ
Ψһܽ͵ģλӣصġ
֮Įԭ򣬲ڱ
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ϰɥĸȻһµµΪҪѰֳܵܡ
Ϊ˻Ӳó裬ҲûƣԺܶĻԸ
ΪԼˡ
ϾһλûвĻӣѹ̫
Ŀ꣬ȫЩͷʢĻϡ
ΪˣʱΪλ֮˺üλˡ
λ˻ӣȻһС
һˣ벻һ㡣
ɳȻִˡ
ִʱ򣬿Ĺ١
棬ľ顣
һλƲóĻӣĳһ죬ͻȻ˻λƬô
֮ʱȴܸϲһλӡ
ˣһ򵥵ô
ΪۺЩ鱨Ȼȷλӣ򵥡
ҵˣһļأ
ûжӣֻ£ܲǳ˲¹ͷĻҴǸء
ΪˣȻãбҪλ˻ӽá
ΪģֻΪõҵơǴ˻λ
Ȼ
ֻãż
ҵ̣ȻȻģ˾氡
˾Ǩз۾ٴشǰСˡ
λСˣĸоֻˡ
رɡϣһɲӵơ
ڣٽӴȴִ˸ˣǴϻ۵Ľ

ƺܳԤϡ
ǺǣȷʵС˵ӡֻһСԽһǵ˼ҵĴûôӵġȻ˾Ǩôеˡ㣬ôҲýӴǡ
ȻЦԣ̬ȳϿңҲϵĽ
ڵһʱ䣬㼫Ųĸо
˾ǨһЦ
ͦģȻ˽ôȴֻΪԼ죬ѲɡвΪ֪ܲɣ
ȻǲλôιԼӲšˡ
ӣÿҶ˹עġ
Ǵӣ˹עĶ֮һ
Ϊӣпܻ֮
˾ǨΪӣᵣԼҲ֮С

ȻЦЦö˾ǨԼЦĲ죬ҡס
ˣ˾ǨǸķϣôİɣԭֻǶҿŵӣҲ˾Ǩ㿪šҪ֪ΪʲôҪôһӣԭܼ򵥣˾ǨӣС
Ȼһڣһơ
˾ǨüףȻˡ
ӵ˿ȻŸղŵλǰǾһ¡ǰճȻָʾŴ򿪡
ЩܴĻ˳İգ
طˣ˳
ӵţ˾Ǩȵط֣ѹûаӰӡ
еģֻһЩϲĴӡ
⣬ǣ
ôĹܵ϶Ǳ˿ͬʱ˾ǨҲ
ȻȴƤһЦ
˼˾Ǩǰ˴ѾȻŴˡҪ͸¶³˻ҵѹ߸ͷˡ
ǣ浽˳ˣ˾Ǩ֪λȻ˵Ķ滰
ЩܵеĽҲй
˼һ
еĹ滮ͼֽҲǷ⣡
õǿ϶䣬ǻɵġ
ȻҲֻǺЦͷλ˾ǨӣӵˡҲ۾ģƳɵλӲ֮ͨ߳
µҲ˾ŲʮЩͼֽСṩġҲҷƽʱ㣬ҪСҲʱЩġ
˾Ǩķˡ
֪˿ɷһҷǰˣضǸ˲š
ڿ²СᵽȻ㴹΢ɨȻûļڡ
ʧ˾ǨüĪǹ
û˼˵ȥŮУоҲࡣ


214 óԵĻ

ȻףӣɲϵĺããС빫ӳǱصķ˿ɺãЩԲŵŶ
ȻǺ⸾˷Σ˾ǨҲʶĲᡣ۾ĪľůůŻҲգ֪˻ҳЩʲôö˰ҿɵó˵ǰ氡һĶһ治ô۶찡ıûУǳԶе
ȻЦǽһ⣬ҷģⷹһԵġ
˵ţ˾ǨҲЩڴˡ
˻ǰȻʼվԺһʾĹ
Ȼ񣬵ıֱֱͦģϣǺЦݡһԶҲ˵Ļ⡣
һŮһйĸоҪģЦݣĪİֻãе˺Цбο塭
¥Ĺ
˾ǨѬӣŨŨ⡣
ⷿľͷ̵أһűο˵ӣǽϹһɽд⻭һʫԼһĺܹŹֵĻ
ԴŴ޵Ļر𰡣
Ȼ죬Цһλʱ̿ʻġĻ㲻ɣֻأǼ磬Ҳ󻭡⾳֮ĳ軭ڵͬԿҲġ
û뵽ڳ󣬻ʵܵӭ
ѽ󻭣Ϊ󣿡
˾ǨһһʡȻҲģذѳһͨ
ǡǡã˰ѷ˶
ǰһ̵ˣ˾ǨüųȻˣ㲻ҪңЩҳԵرģҲĲɫɣ
ȻЦĸˣ˸ƣӣһʮ˻Ҳ
Сʮˣ֪ôģ˾Ǩãķ֣ӦбţĲôϣҲһֵ
ȻûһֶС˸ҷƽʱ˵ЩͱƳһֽлĳԷ
˵ţ˶һӵĻ𣬻йĺ˽
żɫɫ಻߲ˣ˾ǨҲû̫ų⡣
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ڵذѲߵĹﶼһЩٰѵƵ˾Ǩǰ
ſӣŲϷĺɫ˾ǨĻЩġȻҲôɫܳô
ȻһӵĲ˳ȥԼǸˣôҲܱŮ˱ȥɡ˾Ǩ׿ЩǣҲŲ˳һԣ۾ˡ
ëǶ̵ãˬˬĵġ
ţ¹ԳԣȻȷŵĺóࡣ
Ҫģ⾳
ããû뵽˰˵ĳԡǸ˰ܰҷ뷨ʵʵУ֮ѽ
ллӿ佱ȻЦš˾ǨȴЩʧŮ˵Цݣѩ۾˿ƲۡƯģǣʣϵȴ㿴µˣˡеǰƲһŮĵطĪĵţԼԵ
ĳأ⴫
ʲôóԵģԶˡ
žһʮ˻ӱſڡ
һӵĳʳһ㶣㼫µ
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׽סӣСһʳ
ۣóԣóԣζԽԽ԰˭ģԺҪԡ
ֻųԣҲкԵĶȻȷԭСǸԻ
ٺ٣ֻҪ㰮ԣԺҾжġ
һ룬ʮ˻ӵҲζ
˾ǨСʮˣЩգܾãСӲӦ֪ô£ϲЦůСദ
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ףô԰Ͻ԰磬ⶫ
Ȼװûʮ˻һ磬˾ǨСĵɨһۡ
ӣҲ˿֪ô£ϣãԼ顣ܾãǰӦùźá
˳ԵĺܱһЩ㣬ˮҲʮ˻ϲĲˡ
һСӵˮСӸԼԲĶӣѽˣˣСүҺþûԹôʳ˳˰
һеĻΪŶӡүͲٳԵ
ܣ̫óԣҹܲסͰطζСүһԡ
ʮ˻ӣҲ˼ҵ˾Ǩеߡ
εؿȻˣĪЦҼүе̰ԡ
ɬ㲻ҲһҸղſԵҲٰ磬Ҳ̫Ž˰ɡǸ㣬㿪ģ
ʮ˻ӼָʹһָȻһСүߵԣĳȻİԱЦ
Ŷʮ˻ҰС˽гȻԹҽнгȻҲԹҽһ̡ҼСҲһˡ
ʮ˻޵һ̣Ҳ䵱Сү̡˵ǲ㿪ġ
Ȼغ˿ڲ裬ŻصţС˿ġǺѿģҪ˵ɣԷҲǲԡϧλõ
ʮ˻۾һɣʲôСүҵ˾͵óԷ꣬ǲ뿪˰ɡ
˾Ǩ֪ǳȻСʮءСʮ˶Ҳ߯˵ڱ˵ĹҲүһģһΣôҲﻤˡ
ȣܲܿȥأһ治֪ģоǷ£Ҳȥ˵ƹĺ̨ҲһӲ˵ҲǻʹԺɶˡ˵ǾĳλүķİɡȻҲֻŵģģС
˵ɰʮ˻Ӹסˡ
Сʹ¶µҲֵġ
ǵСңʹĹȣԲ˵ġ
ߣ㡭Ǿ
ߺߵض⻰ʮ˻Ӳʵ뿪
ô󣬻ûԹ񰡡ȻԸԤԼȥԽԽò
ˡ
ŵĽһϽȫ˽ȥ
ӣ
ߺߣô룬ôýǸ˵Ļôþ㣬ȥ׽СүҽҪúõĥãСүҽ̫࣬Ҫʳ
˵꣬ЦݡЦݣŵĸζˡ
ǸƯĸˣֻҪһЩĥˡ
°ӳȻһûйĸˣʮ˻ӵ˵黹װ쵽ġ
Űչ˯µĳȻ׼¶һӾͱ˿


215 °

ˣˣ˭㿪ҼСء
˯ǰֻһ
۾ʱǱһͰˮѵġ
ǰЦʹСħȻࡣ
˼˵ĵ˭ҲҪСˣСС˶ǵﲻõѽ
ٺ٣Σҿ㻹ôJô˲
˾ǨЦǽһůһɭľݣ൱޺ɳȻֱϿ޺ĻСӣһ¶ֻ»ỵȥġ
ɫ˦˦ͷϵˮףѽⶫö뵽˳Աˡ
Цŵʮ˻գգ۾ܣ
֣ź֪ǸʲôĳʳǸóԵĴڰ
һʱ䣬СһˣҪĥ⸾أҪΪԼɶӱܵĳʳ
ԣ˾ǨȤÿǣһʱڣԵ뷨ռϷ硣Сʮ˾ЭôҲеİɡ
ǣСƨJJ̧°ͣǴүʡ
Ǹʲô
ŶܰȻȥЦ⡣СҺҶҾóԵջ㣬Ժٽ㡣
أҷһرóԵĶñ飬бĶٱĺܣֱˬĽֶܶ˳һҲ˰ˣھͺ԰
ͣѱ˵˫ʳ
һ˾ǨɾͿˡ
գգ۾ָȣҪСүԡߣҲŲţ⸾ɶóԵģ
ϣСһﻹһѼӲ̬ȣȻҲƣֻǳϿҵصͷ
ȫɿˣִ˸硣
ǷǷ
˵ӵ°ǲ·ҴţҪͷԲѣһıܣ϶ۿ۰Ĳóԣӵ㲻ǵԹô
˾ǨһҲϽͷػ֣ˣȥ⸾һ׸ɾ·Ҫ졣
䣬־Լֵ̫ڼˡ
һ䣬ȣҾǿ⸾˶ĻţСүãϧء
ȻļҪԱܵİɡëСӣԺһʰ㡣
ЩȾ˾ǨųȻ˵ıܵĳʳȺҲ͸ˡ
ȥ˵Ůôأ
ʵֻʹԺӵܣûԹʱֱǵ
ֻֻܶǰѱŵˮｵ£żҲñڲˮȡ
ģûҪô
Ȼػ·߳˾Ǩ۾һɣϽȥǳʳСүͲܰѱɼóԵĶߣĲóԣ֪ġ
СŵӣȻҲա
ЦذԼҪĲϱ˳󣬹涨һ°ʳϣվһ߶ЩСһɡ
ԭ˾ǨﻹҪȥ͵ѧšһ˵Ҳû˼Ƥȥˡ
ɣȫСȻˬ
⸾ˣ¶࣬ѲǺСү͵ѧɶޣҲԼʲôԣһ͵ѧôϽȥɡˣ׼ЩȥҪҲЩͲˡ
ŵĸϽ˿˵ϵĶãֻһЩͨĶţˮ֮ġ
ҹĳţֳҹһƾնһӷҪ̡
ŵҵ˼һ̣º§һǾԼΡȻİҹҪʳϵ¶ҹĳУš
˾Ǩȥλӻû˯⣬Ǹ
СɶãǳʳƲסһ˵кóԵģҪԡ
һбܵĶСӾȻҲ˯
ǸҲǣʳöðˣôҪ滹Ҫ⸾ǲˡ
ʵǹŴִȻҲûô鷳
룬ִб䡣أֻб顣
ʱ򣬹͸Щ
ִҲУأԼ
Ҫ˵ָӹıܣȻû
ܰ󣬺ͺһԵġǱ˾ǨСˡ
ڸ㶨˵ζܣζȻĿˮ͸˳
ָųһףζȻִҲ޼ؼģĲǴȻ޹ĲƷءִвȫ޹ʳǼٵˡ
Ůˣôû?ҿɡСүɲˣӵúݺݵسͷ㡣
һʮ˻ӵڸ澡
ŭ˾ǨȻתʳ¯ζϱܡ
νϱܣʵǰե֭ˮٸһġ
ζڿŵ˲䣬˽˾ǨͰˡζþΪ֮һ
Ǳܣ˾Ǩɹ˲αװүˣһǰؾͶǱܳ
ѽӵ°ҿɷȰһ䣬ⶫȻóԣҲ̰Ŷ
ϧԵĺ˾Ǩѹ͹˲ˡʱֻζޱȵıܡ
ǣôһӣҪôԣ
ʳȻɣĸ˳ЦԼԸҲᡣԣΪһҧȥ
͵ܵĳȻһָϽһСӱܵݵǰ
ǰɣжģҲһ¡
ζĽأһԼԵģϽмؽӹƷ
ʣµһװ棬ȻʩʩȻߡ
ԭһ׼Լ·ϳԵġ˾ǨԺӵʱ򣬿ĵƹ⻹š
ôˣλ˻ӵ¾Ȼû˯Ǹùġ̶ԡţҲܷһЩ
һ룬Ȼ˾Ǩķȥ
غİˣϽȥ㱨
ʲôȻˣϽ
һ˵ܷˣ˾ǨȻ˷ܡ
Цӯӯضһ̿žͼÿĵĽʱϽôܷ˻ΪͳԵģʵСѰ
˵꣬ȵؿڴɬһ档
ȻȻֻƤһЦЩεػص
ʵҲôŹġֻǣСǸεǵҹΪʳⲻһ̱ܸжģ㳢һ¡
ԭֻԼԵģһʱ䣬˾ǨȻЩȻ
ԣϽӹ㿴źζĵġ
Ҫ͵ȻϽֹ
Եġ
࣬һĶ룬ĵջȴ˾ǨôҹģһƯĸһջĶ
ҪǶãЩƲס
ǿЮȣѧζȫë׶泩ˡ
óԡ
ţã¼żŽȥءǡ


216 ħ

˲֪°ӵ¶ʱȥĻü˵ء
㡣
ãôһȥ֪ģҺ͹кιϸءС˿ɲ빫кιϸ𰡡
ȻЦϷ˵ȴҲǰ̬ȡǲˡ
һ˾Ǩ;ͦεġͻȻãԼ˼룬ƺе㲻ԡ
󣬰б˻ظ
ͣǾͲͰɡ
ȻҲûƴǣôҹģһСĵˣһ˼ңȷʵǲŪġ
˶ˣٳıܣ˾ǨȴЩѵζġ
ֻã˶ǰʲô㡣
˾ǨôˣΪһůЦݣ˵̰ôУǸʼеĻӣôԶһ˼Ҵ˅ֻһЩ뷨
ʶԼ˼벻Ժ˾Ǩľ
Щˣɻ⼸㣬Ϊһ˵ľֹ
ȻΣգ¾ģһҪԶǸΣյĸˡ
ǣЩһ룬㻹лͷô
Ȼ²˴ʱżĴѰ
һ㴹ͷʧε
̣ٲǸ˶ñء
ǰһеʡ
Ҳǰʣѽҵ̰ԺҪȥɶ¶Ǻ֧һĴҹʧ٣˵ء
ȻЦŰ֣£Ƕɢ˰ɡ㣬һ¡
ݣЦ˭ɵģҿɲһŮˣҹĻܳȥ硣
Ϊ¼˵ģԳȻʱ˵ɢȥˡ
֪㲻ţԱ
ɲôҲڰҹȥ簡ұʮ˻°ȥһٱܻˡ
ŴͣЦ
ԭȥ̺ǸСʮ˰ҿ󰡣㱻Сͷ׽Ūӡ
ЦˣȻŲ̲طʡôã׽Ū
ⲻܣ˼ʮ˻ӣʲôܸ̣û˳ϵءףԣŵɫģ˵ǲɶ뷨а취ˡ
Ůˣ㻹˽⡣Щ¶ͻȻţԿģ»ĵʮ˻ء
㰡ҵİΣںҪĸְɣҰɡҪǹˣ˵޿ô죿Ҫǹˣǵô졣أҪǹˣԺϽȥȱңô
ĺŮˣԼô˵ȱˡ
ʹ˲Ȼֲһ䡣㰡֣һ¶ҹˣ͵ҰѼˡа㻹ðСöˣκˡ⺢ӿ
˵󣬳ȻҲˡ
СõĲȷʵһĲ⺢Դ˺󣬳Զʱ򣬶ܲŵġ
ҲǣôԴԼĺء뵽Щ⵱ı㼫
ˣˣһ̯ӵ鷳¶˭Ըİãλ֣θˡһǾ͸λˡ
ӡ
УĻش𣬳Ȼ̧ͷϵؿӴӴ㰡ʱĸ߰Ȼ˵ʵ㰡Ǹֲ¶ࡣ¶ˡ
һۣվ˸ǷˣҲûĸ֡ǵǸ
˴˰֡
ˣˡϽѻͻ֮Ūá⼸׼Ͼˡ㰡һƴҲǸ¶ҿϽ˽ȳ¶
֪ˣ¶Ͼȥһһ
ȥǣ̽һ¿ڷ磬бġں棬ɳȻҵᣬ빬ֱλ
ţһǱġȻ˵ҪϾȥһ뿴еЧô˵ˡʱ򡭡ֻҪ֪еĹͣǲֱӳ棬ҲṦûġʱ򣬳ŮɾͲһˡ
ڳȻѾǳ򸾵Ů滯ûõĵزԣôһᡣ
˼龭˺ôŮ˳ĵõĺôʱһеļƻҲ˳С
˿˳úܺԼһ𣬳ȻҲ̤ʵࡣ
ҹȻǴ˯ġ
ͬģҹܰݶ˰ҹĴ
̫ԼӺͺˡ
Ӧó˰ɡҲ֪ϳţСӣҲ֪ڻû׵ĻӵŮ˰ڿɺãСռˡ
С̰ؽԼŵ**ıöµĻšСӣŮ˵ˣȻҲиŮ˵顣ôôĲþء
žҲӵ**ƽһЩ
˵ţҲͨһ㡣
ʶԼں˼ʱܰҡͷ취ȥٲȥ˶ġ
ֻǣҪôȥ
ҪǸŮһ
뵽ǸŮˣܰһĶġ
ͬߵģԷ
ͳͳ
еĶȫ˸顣ĵȻƲˡ
뵽ʱԵıľͷҲѡ
һֱһ߶ѵС㣬ֻϧ
֣һۣôˣ˵Ҫô죿һװҴȥһ뵽ʱҶð
ֵüĸ
С㣬ħ˰
̾һ
С㰡ȥҲǰ취ڱĮǵҲû˳ڣ߶Ҳ˳סֻĻ˺ȥСôһˣϻ㣬ôΪͱ־ء
ԷʹؾԼĳ
֣Ҳ밡ǣҾͻҪһЦݣҲĺð
üɣٹ죬ūүҩƣӴˡʱȫԼҲȻȫŮ˵ա
ơ˹ƣ⣬Էڿˡ
ڴؿŻ֡
һĸ˸ĳ
ǰΪСҸ룬ȥַ˵ӣȥȡ˳ȻѪʱ˶¹ơǿĸƵǸˣʱһҪôȫƾС㡣
֣Ҿ֪ǸбµˡûѪͶ̼Ǹдôˡ֣ԷһܵõʣұذֵԼԴĺȫ
ֿĵЦӦ£ֲϥ̸ģ֪˿ţĸŮء
֣Ǻչֲĺã㻹ǰŪ߰ɡ


217 Ѭ

ԭǺӲȡܰͬ飬࣬⺢Ӳѹֲ˺áһԷҲֻܰѺŪߡ
۾΢תС㰡ҪǺʱҾ˵⺢ֲ˼ҵİġĺȡֻҪ㲩İԺһһҲµġ
Է˼ֵ˼˵ڣϽȥһǺӲСȡĳ
ǰֻҪ֪Լ׹󣬵ȻݵġҾãҪģôүŪ棬ǣúӣѲ0ҵץĶҪġ
ʲô˼
Էľ߶˵Լļƻ
⣬ĺӣȥң
ԷĶɵˣϲ񣬡ĺӣҲǸõİ취ֻǣһǼ˶أ
ؼģͻࡣⲻҡ
ЦĸˣС㣬
ԷַǾ͸ɵкʱȫˡ
Ϊ⺢ӣȻ߰˷ܰ
⡭
С㰡Դ˺ӺҾһֱĺӡһЩûҪĹ¶ϴ⡣еƶ˼ңҲ⺢Ӱɵģһرƶ˼ҵĺӡʱҪ⺢ӻʳҾͰ㿴òڼʱŪֽţ¶ܲɣ
ֵļƻܼ򵥣һܰĺӵܸȥ
װײܸͷ棬˶
ٰ֧ȥºֻҪ⺢˸Ķ˵Ӽ
֣취Ե취ãǾɣһΣҿܰ㻹ôӡ
Դžߺ̫̫ôþ
󷿵˻ŭĽ
ÿﲻġ
ＸСѾͷЩô˶˽̵а۵ģžͲôϲ
һ̫̫͸ӵž
ûඡ
ʳƵһ߶ȥ̾
һߵӣв֪ﷳ꣬λСš
ЦǰڰⷹǲôóԣҪǳȥһһȥ˵ǶӳˣöȥժءԼժԼԣζá
Ա԰ӣÿ굽ӳʱ򣬱ȥԺ
ǲϤģŷһЩǮҲ԰ժӡԳˣ˶ϲӳʱڣȥԱˣ
Ӱãȥժȥ
̫̫˵㾫װţĴŤСŹ밲ء
һ̫̫ҪţҪ
ϴҵģ㻹ǸЪŰա
˦һɫִϱš
̵뿪ıӰֱҧ
ߣһӣǰJʲôJϲġ
ֹһյԶѾͷӵı񣬱ҲϽŤ뿪
ԴӺڸĵλһ첻һ졣
ϴû¾͸ܣҪôڸǼСͨ˯
ңǲһ
Уλٲı䣬Ժ󻹲ֳʲôءҵ취취
ҧ취ȴʱ
̣޸̸
ģôò̸ģ˸ˡң޸̰ϽӿͽӿͣһƯ·
޸̺һԹŴʱ̴ˡ
ŭЦ̣¶ҿûĺôļҵİ˽ӻܵɶãⲻǰңҷּҲô
¶޸̻ǻ˵ء
̣ҵȻ֪¶Ͽû̫ЧġûУ⺢ӽļҲ෴ģһѱ˵Ժķ˵˺ôЩģֻҪס⺢ӵ¶˭Щҵȥ
νѬģԭǸƤǳˣֻ˶űϵǮơ⻰һ˵˼ˡ
¶ģ
ǣ¶ҵֻ˵ˣ߳Ȼܰһ𡣲°ˡֻҪ飬ԺķļҲô
˷ˣҪľǼҲȻҲ߳ȻһͨѾͷȻܰĴһҡҪ֪ӲԼıùܰҲ˴ȥ¶ɨӵġҪܰͳȻʵͰͲء
Ȼǰ¶ǣõܼҵĲ
ֻҪ˵¶ҿ϶ܰæԲˡе㱳ˣ⺢ӵɶ˰ɣҲǸȫģܾã¶ƺе㲻ԡ
޸˿ڲ裬ʵı̰ĸˡϣȴҲЦذף˵ô˰ʹĿܰͳȻһء˼Ҿʹš밡ԳȻӣԼͻȻиӣ˵ô㲻òˣ˵ģôʡ
ЩˣŰһ㡣˵˻л޸ı뿪
ˣЦ۳
ߣ浱ǸİǺҪǺ˵йҲŵġйôܼҵĵλܸܸΣ˸ҵ£ܸҲҷȥԽҰᣬԽ࡭
һߵĻ⻰İ̾լŶ˰ˣûһġ̣ƽسǸͿˣ˭룬˼ҲŶĴڡ
ڿЩӣЩЦݡ
ѽҪ߲źðôõһϹͷҲЩء
ڣ㲻ϣϵū澰ôЩ꣬ū˶ٵư㣬ԽԽᡣ㰡ԽԽȥˣ֪ˡ˵Ǹأ겻
Ӱǻ˵ϲඡף˭ҵĺӣ
һ˵ЦĹߣһС⺢ӳϹŶᣬëġ
СģĿһ
ڵЩķһߵҲǺȥһҲؾг
еĴѾͷ죬ڼɻ֮󾪺
ڣ⺢ӿšү
ǰֹˣȫһģһˡСʱ򰡣⺢һˣҲֻǿסôġ⺢ӡСӣ
Ǹе۵ĺӣʱҧŴһ˵ؿǰڡǰ˵ģȴûҿ޵ĸΰŶ


218 óԵ

Сһò˵һĸá
ţãã⺢ӻǸòءңôһأأ
ĸ̣ˣҽժӳԣתͲˡ
Ŷ
ڵͣںЩСļаЩСϣһۣЩ²⣬Ҳ˵
ҰɡҼֶһˣٲԵġҾҪӳ伢Ҳеġ˴ˣûǮû취ŽмӳԵġ
ʱԶһŮ
ǺһͿȥ
̣̣ˣϲءҲˣһҲ
ڵĽŲظ⣬˽˵԰֣˵ֻԼ˲ǰ
һͨ˼ңûرǲڵġϵĺӣǺԼҪժЩӳ伢ġ
̾һ˵÷Ǳ߶ˮ֣˶˳Ƭطƻвġ
ˣҲ÷ݿڼ䣬ĳڣҲĳġ
ţȥڵüسһŶŲǸԼһģһĺӡܾã⺢ӣ뵽ܰСʱ
ǻɰΪڸ
ֱɳˣԼҵǺΪͨ¶⺢ӻĺӡ
ɺ棬ΪǸŮˣӵģ
ķҲԽǿҡ뵽ڶԳȻĺޣĪľ͸һ㡣
ϰƿصĺլˣһں˱ˣͻãԼ춼ˡԶǶԼ谮˶ˣҲ͸ӵĺޡʱڣ޳ȻǣҲԭġ
԰ĵط԰Źһλˡģ⸾ҲǸġ
ǽϵĺһ˺󣬱ۿǰܡ
̣̣Ҫҵ̣ǲҪ򰡡
ϱҵϣǲҪ
Ǻӱ԰һ۵ؾ͵ɳȥŵĻæһӣס֡
԰һһȺǮ˼Ҵĸˣηӭ
ԭܼҵ̫̫Ҳǰӿ԰ӵġüڡЩˣ
Ǽˣ԰ҵġϣ̷ĸߡ
һУϺ͵ϵŮȫ׹
ԶԣλϷ˵ġλСˡŮ˸Ͻ͡
Ϸ˿ҲǸˣҲס
԰Ҳ̫¶ģܸ˸ӣȻٶʡ
ϣ֪ϷˣᣬǼӣ⺢ȥԡ
԰ҲǸ¶ģͰѼӵݵ
СȴӣǰͷڵĻ
棬Ҳǵġ
ŶĻ˵꣬ȴֿ¿ˮɰڸ۵Ӵ
ãã۲Ǹģһժӣ۳Ը
ӵ˿ٳǺȫүСĶ̾˿Сӣֻ»Ϊܸ³ء
ܸҪһ޴ȥĹֶǴСһ׮
棬ժִֺóԣϿɰˡ棬Ҳ԰
ϳԵ֭ɻǽԡһ۵ĸζĽл
Ȱظϵͷţ϶һЩϰһݶҲˡ
ĩˣϻǸ
̣ҲԣҲûԷˡر𡣡
Ǹӣ۽ỨͷؿĽɳԵģȴǼġĳ⸾ˣҲǸн˶
㣬л㡣
濴ֶôҲǸн˼ҡܸҲҪС˻ū֮ġˣûؼģСģ̫ϲˡ
̫̫
˵һ棬Ҫ¿ͷ
ӣǣ
棬ҵ÷ʿΪǰЩ֣ɩȥݴǮա룬ȥʱһɽɩӾ˵°ˡҲ֪ΡҲҲѣ⺢һʳ졭ʵǶˣ뵽񼸸ӳԡ
˵棬⸾˱㴹ͷȻҲڵˣϣȴҲϴĽΪɾġ
ǰһǹĲİգҿҲǸн˶Ǵֱ֪ɽ︾ˡ
ϷˣҼɩǸ˶Ҳʶ֣飬ƽҲ̵ҺʶЩֶ֪Щ¶
ףͦصãܸڣ޴ȥҵȻظҵ߱á㣬ӣȥ⸾˰һ¡
ŮӣȻͲ󣬵ȴŸ˴ġ
ºһʣ֪гװѵʱΪ˷㣬Թͷ˸˼
ˣãʹλãȴѾͷĺˣֱεһѾͷ
ҲѾͷʵǱϵòнġһ㣬Ѿͷڵĳ谮
ӣΪһѾͷ罻һλǰ;˶
ллӣǿǵ˰
ˣʲôԺҲֱϵ̰ɡ
ӣҽ磬ǿֱӽС̡ҾãСͦġ
Ҳգ㣬С̰ɣͦ¶ġ
ܸĴţСЦţִ½ë˳شܸ
̲²ֶһܸú㱻ܸ˴￪
ʲôһСʱĺͯ˽ϣôƵ˶
鰡ҿй
ʱҲ廰
ԭܸ˾ͶԼҵġ
ΪܸµһĵĹأǾһȳжζһˣпܶȡƼҵȨ
ܰһˣĿǰΪֹ˴иѾͷм⣬ķѾͷСĺܵġ
жֻ˵ܰ˸Ŷ
һ֪жܸδƼˣǾͷǵܰˣ
ܸүڵ֪¶󣬵һʱ뵽Լһ顣
ŶŴĺӰп˵ͦġҲˣȷʵǰ˾ŷ񰡡
ôҲǺֻšϴ󵱳Ͳˡ
˵ҪߴͣôôƽϷƵġ
ܼϴһʱòþˡԼǸɶˣ˭Ŷ塣ɽ죬һ²ѵģԵĲ
ɬ˵ģҵİ㶼жòˣаԴҼҺӵнҵķôЩɧ꾫㻹뵽ˣܸ¶пڷԾͳɣģҵ¶


219 緢

ܼϴһǺһʱҲЩ̡ϾԴӺȷʵǲˡܾã¹ĸˣҲǸö
Ϊ뷨ܼϴ㲻ٿ
ˣˣչ˵Ҳˡ㻹ҸϽȥŵǶ̫Ҳǣûɸ˻ôģû¾Ҽ¡Ҳ
ܴЦվŲϴЦһһ־زȥ
˰ɡôүһ
ҲŲҪأЩС꾫ȥ
С꾫Ϻ꾫ζżû㣬û뵽ﶼôʪˣ治һհ
Ŷ
һʱ䣬˻ģº󣬴̰۾ڴ齡
ϣЦݡ
Լ߶˵ġԺһϷܼҴ٣͸ҪⷿߵڿЩˡ
˼ţ̸ܴǵĽ̵ܸλãƲᶯҡ
Į
ĳرˣΪ˾ȻҪæ޽ͬĳСȻ飬һǲġ
Եʮ𼱵Ͼǣ¶ϸ˵ˡ
Ǿǵλˣʱմãһӣǳͷ˰
˰һĹˣ᲻˳ȻѾͷΪŮѾͷЩӿİ
˿Լʱ緢ӣоǻصʱ¡
˱ƣɲôһ˳ȻùŮˡ¶ĳˣʱٲ˸Ůô
⻹˵ôѾͷǸ׵˶˵ڻھѺءǴ³ˣҰҲƴŲҪЩĹͣŮѹŪߣðŮȳ
ʲôˣ㣿
˾ˣľûպãȻһӾ͵ˡ
ԾҲ⣬ǺǵЦź롣
˰ʵѾͷ֮ԻģЩṦΰҵĻҲǴҪǽҵĴġҲԹң෴ģһĸ˰˵һ˼ңʱûбݵԹ˵ģ˼һŽԼˣǡҵӦֵ֧ĺǡ
˻ûмعζ̾ˣҲŮǣڣͲ㣬ԺҪɾ˰
ˣǾ͵Ĺ͡˭һɼء
Լͷӵ뷨Ҳ˽ġڣͷӵĻ̫Ԥˡ
Ӱ˵ĶԣǸ˶ҪҲ⣬ϾͷҲǸǣඣһǹţˡʥϴҲѾͷҲǻ˶Ҽʱָһ͡˲˵ҵĹͣȫǵˣҲ֪Ұиģġ԰ҾˣĹҲҪˣҪӣ磬ȫǿѾͷһĿžһ㲻ãѾͷһ˹µͦһ¹ʵʱҲͦôͷඣİʱҲӲˡ
˳Ĭˣ΢̧ͷʱ۾ĳȥ
ϣٶȻָϵЦݡ
ͷӣѾͷ常ĸлˡЩôû㣬Ҳȷġ㰡ֵи
ǺǵЦԼҷϻٵʱķˣȻԼ֡
Цĵ⣬ǣ꣬ҿǴӺЩߵӮ˹ġ밡Ҫǵ㿴۵ĵطôͷӰʵмû˵ӡ
Ҫ˵ɣѾͷ϶ܷȥͷӱ¶У۹ⰡһһġѾͷڻûС߳档ͷġ㾫ֶý˵ĸˣҪģóһЩǷֲ˵ϸڣٻ󻯣תΪƸδչ¶ʷʥϣǸ˲õ˶Ԥ⵽ȻѾͷɹġһ˳ˣ򳪸棬ǰ͵Ƿʱɡ
ü
ͷӰһıˣҪѧһ¶룬ԭǿ۹Ůܶ಻֪¶飬ǿǰ;ԲŷֵѽϺ꾫
ҲˣĻҲĶࡣ
קסԼҷ˵֣˵ˣҾǿǱŻġǸûõˣҷʲ˰ʵģ£Ҳ÷ְᣬҲʵءˣͷȥ˯ȥ
ϲģһˡ
ˣȥˣͷӾֻ뵥˯ѣ㶼뵽ȥءҪģΪ򣬵ȻҲ˷˵ǲ
ʮ˻Ҫ뿪ˣǿҵĲ
ҲߣߣкöóԵģȥͳԲóԵˡ
˻һվڴߣûСʮ˵Ŀһ
Զλе۹۱ǣڹĵվš
Сʮһ˶Լյ˾Ǩǰ顣
磬۲ȥɣ˵ȥ˶ûǡ
˻˼ϣǰĨЦůůȥСʮˡ
磬ǲȥòð
ƽضţСʮ˾Ȼ
˾Ǩش죬³һ䡣Сʮ˰ȻҲ簮ġǣܷ˵ĲϸѵĻ簮ͷˣ᲻Ǻ¶¶Ҳ㵽һˡԺҪô顣ظִҪ£ǶԼȥɡ
⻰˾Ǩת뿪
˾ǨߵصӰţǻȥôؾͻأߣİ˸硣˵ʲô˼أҪעһ㣬ô
Զİ۾΢գһ¡
һ뿪ˣȥǡһУƺõķչ
֯֯˴Ĳ
óȻϲǣļ̨ȫתˡҲ˵ڣܴ׬ǮĻ
ţֳɵľ۱谡
Щǲܽȳܰ˵ȥˡֻ;۱ˣҲвԵ͡ɱ˶ᱦ¶˭֪᲻ڻʼء
ҪҲȵȥˡ
˾Ǩһ˷طʱ㣬ҲѺһЩǳˡ
ȥǴ㣬ԼһЩ˽¶
ڳȻõųӻظһظˣǽȳܰʱţȻҲѵõЦݡ
֪ǣѾ˼ţҪôܽܰʱ
ʱܰҲںԷʳ


220 Ŀ

ΪԾȣֻܾ취غͿŮϤҪõֵزȻжȵġ
ҪίһŮˣٳȫɵΣ첻
˵һŮ˾ͿԳµģˣ
СΪ˺İŮˣܰһֱų״̬ġǳȻκһëԼ᲻ӵŮˡ
ܰ,ҲֻǰһЩ¶սֻ˵־ĥûˡ
ɽȪרľƣóһŶ
ԷļԼҲϸױ˿мֳȻķˡмĸܰį
ױɿŮǵԼġ
ŬĻ룬˾˭
ʲôˣǸٰ֯ڴ˴ǣŮˣܻһֵʶĴ
ƣǲ¡һڣǰŮ˿ʣǰ
ܿ϶ĻȴԷ
̧ͷõؽܰǣǼֻǣһеԼȥ롣
ԣҹҲǳܸ֡ʵô
ԷĬһ£ŲúҲ֪Լ֣ܴ󷽵ظʵֻȾƣһʱĿ͵ġú󣬱ỹɡ˵⻰ЩˡԷ
ܰĮȻصͷǺһյģ⡭һˣ
Էȭͷû𣬵ȴʾĬϡ
ѽǾȻһˡ룬᲻ᵱڱĮԶǸСϡҲһλģˣһ˼ˡǴεֱʣҲĽɣһʼڸҺҵķˣŮˣҪңֻǼ򵥵Ҽ棬̸ģ
ЦţһƺӹԷ˸ܰ㲻һֻè죬¶׺ݵһ档£ΪѾ˰գҪôڴʱ̯ܰء
ǸˣףʲôͲšҵĿĺܼ򵥣Ǻһ죬żԿСԷ˵飬һ˫ķǺЩԹ
ǲ֪ģŮǱ˵Թ
ܰЦ飬Ȼ䡣Ůˣ̫𡣡
ţǰԷ٣ǿɲãҲֻһЩϲϷˡ˵ķˡò˵ǸˣȻʧȴ󣬱ġ
㵽ΪֹĻȴܹ˵ĺġ
ܰϣȻϢʱ߲ˡŮˣ׼ǣҡ
½һܰȻԷǰΨһŮˣŵô
ԷͻȻЦݣǵسֶ
ðɣʵҲϲȥҲۣҲôŰɣ˰ŪЩ򵥵¶
ģһҶԼصߡȻһڣһһЩ顣
ܰףá
ôԥؾ;ˣѵ㲻䣿ش̫ɴ࣬ԷЩȷˡ
ֵԥΪ䶨ˡҺĸ飬ƻͿƻġ㲻˽˽ҡŮˣΪǵ˽ԼȻȻš
ɫɫԷ۳СҾͿ˼˵İ𡣱˵ϲమˡеģֻʵȨԼģʲô飿ƨڶԵʱ䣬һһį¶һʱ䣬νĴպϣͻʹ㡣ҵһʶңͶһٴһʱ䣬룬Ϳˡ
ŶáܰתеֲŮ׵ľͷŹ
ΪģֻǺദһʱ䣬ô̫ǣǿˡ
һ㣬⼸졭ϣܾĿദҳԷ죬ǣ磬һУҿĵ¶첻Ҳ첻뿪
ȻŮ˻Ŀĵġ
ܰЦӲصͷá
ڶ죬Էһڴſ⡣
֣˵᲻ϵ
С㰡Ȼϵġ㶼ˣܲɾôֻҪЩƲ裬ԺƿءȻ֮ôһһİ취ܶЩøС֮ܺƽദǺõġǷǵñͷǵķݣá
Է̾һԣһ꣬һֻܿô
ҲȫѽҵС㡣һΣǷƿʱΪ˱˴룬Ҳֿġ㰡ͷſģȥա¶ǻɹġ
ֵĻԷĲԿЩı΢ҲСġΪ˰һС±˳ЦҲν˭УİǸء
ҲԹȥϲˣǣûܼĵļ顣ռڸõܰһ޷ٹӡ
֣һõģһȡǸŮ˵λõģô
ǰɵӣɹģͱˣʱȥҲֻΪ˰յĸ
֡

ǻʹµʱĻϿۣһʱЩӦ
һۣһĻ
ǰϽʳ̫صŻ˵£ʳˡ
̧ͷſԶλ󳼡֣࣬࣬ȿһ²һ£У
λة࣬£ʳҲˣҲϽ˹
һǾһ£㴧ʵ⽨񣬻ܹͬ淶Ҳ룬СԺӣеϷɫĪǣϷĪУ
ϵЦࡣҲо⻭ϵĳС
¿ˣеƺǡĮһġǣĮһˣô޽ôƯأ֪ģЩطֻġΪ˷ʱٵս£Щ˶ӡףԣȻש飿
˽שʱλ󳼶˵ˡ
Ҫ֪ש飬ǻҲŻõġ
ǶˣõĺשһʼҴԺõשǾжƯɣ
ǣĴˣ˵ϾǰôƯĳУ֪ĸطģϣ㻹ǸϽ߳Ȱա
ҳĵţֺ˻ϣλߵŪģҲһǡôƨ
൱Ѱ˼кˣȥҲøϽϰ£۾һתҲչѯʣǰǰɸϽ˵һģϾǰҲҽеˣһʱϾҲǳͷƯУķݵʱ˭˵ϾǲÿҿĺԺǸϵεĽ


221 մ

λϳ඼Ϊ¶۲ݣʵ۵Ŷ
һ˵ࡣ
డ㻹²ˣطȷʵǱĮĵط۹ⲻģǺϸ벻ɣ߳ǵĵطҲĳһ󹦼
λȫɵˣ¾ȻһûϴŭĶһҡͷϣⲻܣĮĵطὨƯķСԺˡУôؽһУܣҥ
˲ţҲŭˡ
ŭһŰ˹ȥ
۾޿ϸˡߣ˵ĻλүҲ̫ˣȴ״ʵ˰ɡ
λϽǸŰۿ꣬һ˵ˡ
Ҳ֮ǰǳմı飬ˡλүɶأ
ҲеˣǵĵطʱҲƯĳˣ
ǵǰйȥ߳ǣǶǵͣͺ޲˰

鼫ãҲߴλϳֻЦеذľ۵ס
ЦʱҲһðķӦλܱǾˡ
գ೤̾ô̵ʱڣͽĳУĮĳйˣ򵥰
Ҳ̾Ǹ˲ŰҴȱٵľ˲ţ˲ţ͵Ϊá
ǻ˵ôй滮ˣͰϡǻϰ˵ģҲҪǰѧ飬ѵ˵ǴҪǵߵ뷨
һᣬϵЦݾࡣ
û⵨ӡ˲ţλԵģӦô͡Ҫѧ¶治þܾǾܾ˵߯СɲܾѲһ㣬ĳУ
ϲſƯУ񫻹ûоҪΪĹҽ¶˭ҲⰡ
ӻ۾һת鵽ϣЩս̫࣬һʱ䣬ой滮Щ¶ҲҪƹ㣬ʱɳ鲻ҴǿԴӦģõ߶æĲˣȥæİɡ
һ࣬İ
ӹ򣬹ڵĳй滮һһǵع滮˭֪滮ðһҪ˲ţҲúźðȥˡһ滮͵õҲء
湺޽һ⡣ǴҲù滮滮ǿɿˣȻŮĳй滮һ䣬ֵλŮΪԵġģС˵ķ
ϣ⻹򵥰ʱ򣬳˲йΨСҲáвһö˲šС˺ķȻҲһͣ˲ҴȻúú֮֮ǰһ֣ȻǸϽὨġ
һԲմãһӣ͸ȥ
ʮ󣬿ӱ޵ļӷ͵˱߳ǣȫǵ˹٣гȻһּ
ϣּ˿һŻʼϵλʥּе㸴ӡ
Ȼ޹㣬Щʪ
һץ֣ùŮŮͿҪˡ
ֻһ仰ĳȻ˻ꡣ
˵ͷǺǣ֪ģѽԺʲô¶ֱӺ˵ϰķ㵱ɹŮġϸˣҲһһŮ˶ծġСծ˼꣬ȥˡģøһӣҪҲû롣ϸһѵͣΨһӣŮˡ˵Ҳ˽㣬˭˽ⰡɶҲ˵ˣϽңʰһ·лȥա¶ܳɡ
Ȼϲ
ʼȷʵǴҪó򸾵ġڣû뵽Լãȴ˷֮ġ
§ˣãá
ллģ˵ǧٱ飬֪ԺԷ򸾣ǿԼĵ
ʱô֣ģȴ˲硣
еˣǸİˣʶȴܱ׵ﻹáԵⶫ˭˵ģ
ΪϾǣҲô㣬Ա߳ǵһЩزҲʰ
ԭΪֻһֽʥּǴˡ
˭֪һˣȻҪ˵ϾȥлҪϾǣȻǶ׼ˣȴҪӴزġһ㣬ٵеУǲĵĹءϳ׼ӴһЩطɫ¹ôţǰǵӴŶȥġ׼ҲҪ졣Ϲ涨ʱ䣬Ҳһڵ̫ųȻֻ˶ʱʰ
벻ˣȴһѾͷ棬ȥ˾ʥԺҲǳѽŮա
ȻҲ׼
ʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ĲУ⼸̨Щ
ǰһֱãЩҪΪ˾ܰ׳񿴣ֻһǣû̬ȴתǲ׳ЩҲܿɹļá
ǰ£ܷĲ¶һҲ˵ǿͷĴ
ˣ뾩ǲ̫Զġ˽ɡǱҪõ׳òȷš
һ˼ȻϾȥʥپ¶
кܶ飬ƻǸϲϱ仯ġڣƻҪѪˡ飬ƺ˳
û뵽ǣͳǵʱܰҲõɡ
ԷŴӹдͳ˽ţһ˫۾ɵĴġգ̾һЦû뵽ǧ㣬Ҳ㵽ŮˣȻ޽һڲͬĳСҪģУֻĸµʱ䡣ĸ°Ƕٶȣ
ʵٶȣȻȫ鹦ڳȻĹ͡
ҪǱ߳ǵϰգйٱȫͶԭ
ΪԼǵĸĽԱǵϰգйٱ֮ģȫĺܡ
ǳˣڽڼ䣬Ҳıڹϡ
˼ȫǵ˶ôиɾ˵ǽصˣ͵ô
Ƕ൹ְҹļӰӵ㣬ǰһǵؽǰһʱ䡣
ʵǱŽһ£ϸϵλЩ̣һҲһɵġΪô̵ʱھؽԲԷûϵ
ǻҲһҪôͻĳα߳ǵĸĽ
ѻ֮ģܵİ취ߡһ˷͵Ķһ㣬ûͼֽװЩӣҲֻһ
ڱģҪ뿪ˣȻͦСÿҪô
СһڵǲԷҲ벻
ȥСҲˡһңһӡԶȥԺô죿


222 Ĵ

ﰲСãȻüĽġõ¶¶չǲðġ
ѰҲˣǺߵʱȫȻû̥ǡ
ʱ룬ô̿ԼĶӣ˵ƯɰֻеġǹŴ˵Ĺʱֲ
ħֵĻԾǱˣֻҲħֵġŰ󣬱Ǻõġ
ʱͺΪԤԺ󱻴󷿵˷֣ȻҲһЩƺ
ǺЩ̫ȷѾͷҲ֪ͬ
߳ǵ¶Ķ˹ļӣԺĸѾͷнֵˡ
ֻʱ䲻Է¼Ƿˣǵֻ»޷һ档
Ҫ뿪¶߰˰˵ģ治١ʱȻԽãȱһ
¶ԺЩӣҲмֵˡЩȻϣǵȻаڹµģһֲʧҳϵġͨĻƺѰǾҳϵĹ£Ұ
ĴˣԸʵ˲ţҲͼ
ڵĳȻĸоԽãԺҪ֮ģһһǵģûĹ£ôӡ
һ·ϣкʵģҲŵ
ţȻҲ׼һЩز֮ġ
ʰʱ򣬴ʼȴֿˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ҵǸСѸȻ̥ʱͱ˹¶Ȼܲɵģô󲮳ײˡ
Ϊ̫ߣϱǸ۵ƹģǱ˸еءҲûڵһʱڣŤ͵˳
Ѿͷ˵ʣôһ˰ŲңŲҰ
һֱһ߶شͷûˡ
ʮˣǱ˸ۣ󣬻⸾˴˶͵ñӡ
Ҫ￪Ժ̧ͷˡ
ȻģȴǱŻЦء
ʵй˽ͨ¶óײ˵ġ
¶Ҫ˵Ҳм˸
ģԼĲá
֮ǰȻڽ˵ʼҵģĳĳƹߵĽ
ȻҪϾˣҲʹʵĳԿǸ˰ѺԺ¼Ҳǵô͵ĴñӰ
˽Ǹˡ
з۵ƹĹˣϽͨɣڿҪ뿪ͷһȻƹĹһ
ڴ̵ʱ򣬳ȻѾ˰ѳ˻
ȻҺ˵ġ
Ϊһ㿴㾫ʵһ
󲮣ӦǸ˺۵ƹ¶ķ֡ˣ˵Ƕĺӣϻǲϣ
һᣬܴĳٶ̧ͷѾͷ⻰ɶ˼
Ȼһͬɨһ۴ʣݳʵĽǸ˵ĺӣǴʵġ
ԭѧһ˿Ĵʣ˵ҲԼĺģ׵Ļġ
۾ͻȻڳǰ
ҰɣҴˣĴˡԺҪٿһҾͲˣһӣŮˣҲѽ
ſ޳˵Ķӣеŭȫ
˸ԼҶӡ
ʰԺסŮҪҵġǣ޵͡ǹǱϺÿ˶һΣҲǸ̵Ľѵˡ㣬˰ˣвġ
֪ˣҸģԺһġ
һĸȻο
ʱҲЦǺǵؿųȻѾͷǿˣҵ⣬ԽԽԺǰ;ҲǺõĺܣʣԼ˵ɡ
Ȼأʱؿ
ȻѾͷʵʵ·ǰұԼССֵһ̵¶ұıûУǹϵ¶мֱµġ㲻ʱ߳ǵ¶Ҳȥȥ⵱ûã֮ǰ˲ٵ鷳𷸶¡
ְ죬ԼʱԸӾͿҪֵˡһʱ䣬ȻҲʪˡ
⸸֣Ҳ˵
˵ʵԽȻ˲ҵļƷ
Ҳ˲ٵĺˡ磬һҡ磬򸾡
磬ȵȡ
ǻҰ˿ҰʱӦЩĥѡͦȥһƬʡ
̵ʱڣȻѼиʡڹӪһƬڽҲΪ˴ʼ룬ûиҲӹܡ
Ǹط֣ŮʵҲǸġ
׼ͰչӪĹ¶
ԺиѾͷ
ӣҲеѾͷġ
ҪģǼЩӣʱӦӦʹʩ
һнеõȻҪģҲСõ¶
СϤ˿šôİɣȻѾͷҿվȥҲǸ¶磬λ޴ҿǴͦĵġžͦãʱѾҲõġ
˵Ĳ޴ʵλ
ʱžӾȻ漣ֿԺͳȻˡΪˣȻԽãǺ벻ǸǺǱ˵ֽŶѡ
ֻ⺢ôֽţû̽Ϊ˱ȫòѺǽиͷӴš
ʵ÷Ӵӵġ˼ҲԼӡ
ҲǿаӼɣԣҲֻúͷӹšһⷼӵصԽԽˡ
û뵽ǣϺͷ˵Ѿ¶
ѽ˵Ұ֮¶ð죬Ƕ࿴һѾͷôѾ˰ĺܣҿҲǸ¶û⣬ʵҪ˵ߵĺܽںǵǰҿûͺǴţͺءҷİɣҽˡϱ֪Ϊ£԰ѱĻҲˣ͸ӡԺ󰡣Ҿ͸ȫ㿴ӡСģǿܵĽء
Ҳ֪ǰӶԳȻ¶
νֺһֱôúҽӵлҲȥϴ·ġĽҲܵźӱˡ˵Ѿͷ
ˣҾͰзˡ
˵ЩҪ㣬һӻԿءǲ֪һ˵ȫҶ¶ЩھӰȫĽĲˡ̵ĸ󰡣ǰôô࿴£Ҳء
һᵽСӵĻ£Ӿϲɫ
Ȼ˻ϲҲһ䣬ô˵
Ҳ֪ģиС


223 

ǺӺεĻˡҪ˵ſļ˵ǳĿĺܣκΣǸӡΪˣҲͼ˵
ʵ̫ʵ˼ңҲ̫⡣ԺһЩİɣ˼ҲһӰôɱҲǸзϵİ
ǰȻ÷ӵĶӸֻֻ֯֯Ҫ۾ʹĺãҲеġ
Ϊ˷ӵĶӿϧˣ֯һǮԭ͸ߡ⺢ҲɣʵĺãҲΪ˹ʡ
ϲǣǰʱǺӺһλȻ꣬˶̸ۼ޵ķϡ
ѽǲ֪ǹȻ಻ôǹʵ˵ǿۼҺ㣬ϳԿ͡Ҳã˵ҼҺˣǸеģˣǶһֵĺãͻʮֵĶ⺢ӣֵиšأǲ֪ôĵĻܲôۼҺӣлʶ˶ˡԺϱ϶ԶӺء
⻰ȻҲΪӸеˡԭеĶӣֵܽöôµġ
Ƿӣ˵׵ʱŮҲʵ̸һ׺󣬱ּҵĻǴϱȢš
Ϊ¶ȻӵϣԴһһɫչҲǲô̹ġ
С²䣬ǺСһø߹ǮĹңһӣԼҲ۵ĽΪˣӲžİ̤ʵˣҲüĸо
ΪһȫǳȻĸı䣬ԷӶλңνĵĲˡ޲ðԼеľȫиڳȻһ˺¶ϡ
˷˶Ҳ˲١
֮ģдʺʹտš
¶ۿҲԺͺǽӴһ£ֻҪԺٶӴһЩˣⲡҲͺࡣ
һ䣬Ȼڶ󣬴ҴææѺһЩ߳ǵɫͳ常һϾʥ
ڳȻһҪʥʱ򣬰ŽܼңҲõǳȻϢ
ʲôѾͷȻʥ
һϢİҲû졣
Щζţǰ˵岻ڼңҵģȻڳô¶⸾˰Ӧðլĺá¿ɺãȢ˸ݵģ˻ǿǣʥġԺ󰡣Ӳˣҿֻбѹķݶ
Ҳһ߶ߴᣬɲôܸѾͷλ˾ͰˣôܱүҪءܼңҲ˱ʥİաȻŮ˰ʵǿȻ˵Ǻ¶һѾͷҰĵŮϣҲ֪Ժ᲻Ϊܼ鷳
Ǻ¶ءҵǸѣǸ浹ˡȻƯΪҵ䣬ǱȢҲܶٴ
ܸ˵ϻһλǴ˸õĶӣңҲȨƵĴڡΪҲǱһʱ䣬ⲻֿʼβͣɪˡ
ǣͳͳұ죬ȫжԶԶ
һֱǻڣ޿̵ķˡ
λϱһһӺȫƲ죬˸һĶȥˡ
⼸ų㿴ǵŸ밲
ǸϽǰ˵Ͳ밲ȵȴˡ
ڵνǸӵĽ
ôõһѾͷ˵ôԽԽԶأ飬̫ҵԤ˰
ɺܸϱȻûһôܳͷġȻ治ζҲòϣŮ˻쵽ϣȷʵǲңඡ
ʱҲԼǲˡ
棬㲻ϣ㻹ĺܡ۵ڵĶˡ
źʱһģһСڵĶ־ָ
СԴţϹ԰滹ϣϳ󣬿ȢһŲϱء
ãһ쵽ġϲʲôϱʱϾȢǲҲǸһĺģ
Сʣԭ鼫ãȻֺ󣬲֪ôģ飬Īؾͷ
Ҳ˶ŮˡҲãҲðɡ̫ƿء
ûȫʱ־ġ
ʱڣԼҲֲԳȻǸʲôоˡǱʶŮ˻ӦñЩźá
ĿųɹŮˣľָࡣ
үȥ߽ôȥ
ǣĻܰѹȥԴ֪ͨȻҪʥһҲȥ
үȵҰ
ļٵܰﻹ˵ˣֻ뿴Լޡ
ʱԷǽЦȻôУˮϵ¹ʣ㻹ܲܶĹȻҴӦ֣һЩ¹ʣҲǿеİɡ
һߵֻ֣ܰҡͷСΪ˵õǸˣǷ˰İĺô
ʱϣȻΪδһֱڴš
ִʱͲּªĴĸ˷Ρ
ǳˣںľɫǿá
С㣬ʲô
ɶųȻſľ壬ЦҪǰӡ
ҶⶫҵñţаȫС
û˵ǣִо£أɶҲûСԲӾϱһľ塣
ȫУС㣬ĪҪңһôţ㻹ҪľӰɣ
ɶֱԴҿǺ߶ġǰ̿У¶ɶġδСʱҪ϶ҲΡ
ɶ㲻ҷñ㡣ۡˣˣϽȥ浽ĵطˣô⴬ߵԽԽ
ı˶ߴľӡһִִľͷӣǸܿЦ¶ıаȫС
ˣˮˮˡ
ϵˮǿˮֻ˲䣬Ȼо³
̡̣
⣬ɶĺԽԽ
ţȻ֪ʱˡ
ȻľһӰιҪʱֻ󿪡
ã˸ƻŸղŵӰǴ
ʶһ⣬ȻŵɫҰסֽŶˣʱȴܵ¡
һ뵽Լӣܰǿҧס
ˮӵĺܿ죬ƺôһ˲ĹǴ³ȥˡ
ôⲢûдͽȻŲֵİӣһҧ˺ӵС
ļĺֻ˲Ͱû߻ķ
ϳҿɶק˴ϣ˱Ŵ󴬰壬һ·ǰϵغųȻ֡
ֻǣǵ³Ĵɶ֪Ŀܲ


224 

̫Ҳһʱ䣬ϵ˾ôֿ
һһϮľڷߵĳȻ,ʱʱıǺһ
ӱû֪ϵظԼ㻹ӣܱ۾ñѡһҪѵػŵõԮ
̫û˷ȣʱȣֻܱû
һҹȥ֣ҪľˡȻûɿ
Ҳ֪˶ãľ屻
㣬ܷˣ
ϤףȻĵر۾
§Żĸӣ˾Ǩֱ̾Ī
ʱΪ飬ָϽ۷ش룬ȴȻˮŮ
ף˸磬ⲻǱܴôֿԳԺóԵıˡ
Сʮ˽Ű˸绳ŮˣЦĿˮͲû
ֿһֱľôܳԵܡ
նԹһأԶء˭ǸԻء
ŻӮ壬˾ǨȻҪþõĳ嶯
һ˲䣬ͻȻ֮ǰԥ⸾˽Ӵԭ򡭡ֻ£Ϊ˲Ӧеġ
֪ǴģȻΪ̰˿ů޷˵ȥ
ˣٰҽ
ҽܿ쵽õǳȻֻˮܾȡֻҪʱϢһ£ɻ
ܵķ纮Ҳͦصġ
ҵĺҩȫ¡Ҫ㾡κк֢֮
ˮݵľˣ׻ʪ֢Щ
ǶŮˣһˡ
ҽһ˵Ҫϰ˻ӵĺҩס
ֻҪкҩҲ¶ٵĲġҪһҲޣǶϲܵġ
ڶ쳿ʱȻ۾ľ˾Ǩе
ëֿ˲䣬˾Ǩ˿ܷȻ˯ÿһϲƼģ
ȤȻЦˡ
һ𴲣˾ǨֺȻؾͷڴءٶóȻЩҪ֪Ůܲףһѻ鸾ˣԷһӡ
Ǵϵˣ̵ֻ󶼲Ҫˡģܶ˵
˾Ǩûʲô˵ڵơ
ȻȭͷյĽġ˿µģʧһЩкô󲿷ֵĲߵһҴֻ常
뵽ϳȻĶˡ
ȿȡһԾ͸硣
˾Ǩüű
Ī常Ѱ࣬ϳǰٵˡҶ˶ѵĸˣγ㸣Զء
ȻЦЦļζ
ƣͣ˾ǨҲšЪŰգϢǰһ
ߵű߶һлл
ͷ⸾ˣ԰׵ҲмϡյľǿɣеģֻʱеظܵԭҲֻһŮˡ
ģ֪ΪΣͻȻʹˡ
Ͻ᷿һ
ԼƲסҪ§뻳Լľٶ
һƬµϷֵġʱϳ͵һᲱСɿдӰһֱںȡ
ͳȻһϳ˹ȥ
֪£ֻľȶκ󣬳ȻĲȥ
ֻҪ£ڱģ롣
йڴϷһУǸӰĻǼٵġʱҲЩԺˡ
г̣һ㡣һЩ֮ǰ鷳
˵Ҳ֣ˮȻ漣زδ˵ҲǲеĴҰɡ
һǰ̽ϳ˼ұϾʹˣڣһγˮҲЩڵģ˾ǨҩҲϳ֢
û뵽ϳЩز
ȻȴЦŰοʱЩһŸߣ常ƫԸ⡣ºˣȫιˣ˼ҿɸмء
һ˵ϳǺǵЦˡ
ˣˣ͸ѾͷɵöҸлһ˾Ǩˡ
ǣ常
ᵽ˾ǨȻ͸ü塣ʼ֮ܿ˾Ǩ.⼸죬æ⴬ϵг̣ҲûˣȻһȥ
ţų˳ϣȻȥ
ų㿴СʮŰһˣ۾һ̾
⸾ˣڴɶҲûУıҲɡ֪粻Ҫĺáǧ㲻˳˸ҲǣԴ˴󣬱ԼԹĲƶҪȥ
ɫҲЩҰףԺö˵ͻȻĴϣȷʵⲻܵġ
ȻЦЦҲûƽϡ
˸Ҫȥô
Сʮ˵۾תתͻȻ뵽⸾ĵļóԵģ磬ȥĳʳ
һ룬ü֪ԴӾ󣬰˸˶þˡĹﲻ󣬳ԷҲûôˡҪҰ˸磬Щʳȥ
һᵽԵģСһ۾ġ
ȻĿ⺢Ӳˡ
Ҳ⡣ףҲգȥ⴬ϿЩʲôʳһתͷĵطȥ
˵ʵںӵƯŵĴҪŶõģǻʹ֮ģҲôװ쵽
Ͼ⴬ϣ½ء
ӵ˴żӺЩϺͣЪʱº̵ĺƷʲˣ١
ڣ˾Ǩ⴬Ĵ򳤣ҲǸŪʳġ
ȻС棬ҲвٵҰ֮ġ
Ϻһĵ
ʲôĶֳɵģȡҰˣϺ֮һЩҰӡ
ĴϣҲһʳ
ȻĵһЩԽʵҰˡ
ϸĵذȥЩҶӺгϸĭһЩɾϺ
СͰҶϺȻĿˮֱ
ʵ⴬˾ǨĺܺáһͰϺףɿ˼˳ʳġ
ʲôԵģϺԣôóҲԵķˡ룬˸ҲԵ˰գҪôûθڵġ
һߵСʮ쿹顣
Ȼ̧ͷЦһۣ˵ֻĻ
Сʮ󱻿뷨һƯĲ󻰵ۺۺġ
ŮˣģҺʵ˵ɣһˡ㣬Ҳԣը㣬Ҫô㣬жѳˡϺǲԵġĩˣ˵ԼԲôá
ֲһ䣬Ұ˸磬ҲԵġ
Ȼ۵ֳСôڻʹ󣬿ԶȻǸӡڻʹĺӣСʮ뷨˺ͣȷʵټġ
Цһۣ
Сʮ˰һܽ򣬿ɱ˵Ҫ԰ⶫҲˣҪԶء


225 ĺ

ֵȡı¡ҷܻȡְһǱܣһϺܽ򣬺ߣҲóԣٶ
⺢ӣĽ
ȻףϺƤİƤĶ飬ϸ̶ߡٰҰˣһˣſʼչըӡ
һЩϣζûӹ̳Ұ˵ζϺеζ˳
Сʮ˹๾ضŹ﷭ӣˮžʡʱҲòϣ⸾ˣѳԵĶҲóԵĶ
ʵɣ⺢ӾǱǵļʳԵˡ
ըĿθӣȻ;ʳóˡ
Ȼת׼ӵʱСʮϢ˲ɬĵ˸ӷ
˻̡̣
Ȼͷ㿴һӣ۾ӣֻ׼ֱء
⺢ӣӰ⼸ȫˣһ߶ȥ¼ըء
ĹػĻСʮһů
ڹףҲе˵
ǰҲֻǰ˵ⲻǲԡڳʳչˣֻǹ
Ȼе˶СʮҲо˴оĶ
һϣԼİ˸絹Щơ
˾Ǩ̰ųȻϵůĸԹâСʮˣϣо˴ûйζһʱ䣬Сʮ˾ӣ̫óˡ
ǲ̫ˣܶһЩһЩ֮ģóԵġ
ȻЩϧ̾ȴʮٶ
Ҳ˵֣ܺóԵ𣿡
ȻһᣬǼٵġһʱ䣬ЩΡͷ࣬ͷͣζ
ðɣͷҲŻݰɡֻǴԽŮ˵Ҳ̫ݡ໡
˾ǨڴϿŴȴȫ
гģв԰׵ģоģ鶯ģлҰ׵ġ
ĨӰôҲ֮ȥ֪ԼȥԣǿԼҪȥһѻĸˡ
֪һӣȻФһѻĸˣô
ʹ߬ȭͷ˾ǨԼǲĲᡣ
űߵ죬˰Ӧһ
ƿĨӰſʱ˾ǨΪԼ˻þ
ôˣ
һǰ˾Ǩڵ
ڴʶǲԵġ
ɫٶȰһӣȻһҲûע⵽ǰת䡣
ֻһζذѵķڲԶϣһ࣬һܽӣһСҰ˸
Сʮ˵⼸θڲôãЩԵģպųԡʱ˴ΪĳʳˣһϣСʮȥժЩҰˣãժҰ֮ġô
СʮȻƢ˵Ȼϲӵġ
ԶСӵë̡Ϊ֮ǰ˵ϻѴһƬµʱͶ뷨ҪСʮȥµժժҰˡ
⡣˾Ǩ˵ţǰⷹˣƺĺ㡣
Ǻǣǣүæš
λү³ԷˣȻҲ͸Ͻˡ
˾ǨɫͷβȻûע⵽
Ȼ뿪ˣ˾ǨžãԼүļʲôأ
˵һôõĻᣬǱԼߡ
һʱ䣬˾ǨȻûʧ
ɿڵӣС̲ˡ
֪ôģͨĲʽȻ˾Ǩࡣ
ʵֻҪ߱ãοǵִôء
һ룬˾ǨЦˡǸѵˣν¶
ʳ￴˻飬ͣ
֪ÿӽϵʱ򣬴һ׵ĵطͣڶŻǰСϾʻڷ֮İѿز̫áҲˣһĴ϶ߵġ
ӡ˾Ǩܶ˶
ţЪڴ˴˰ա
ա
һ˵õͨ棬ȫ˷
ϾһֱҲǺܵġС֮ģͣȥһ£ҲǸ
һˣˣҲµܡ
ݵȤ
ʱ򣬴ͼƣæڰ߶ѰһЩܳԵҰˡ
ȻҲѰǰҲժһЩҰˣϾûдǵľḻ
崬һЩҰ˵Ӻ󣬳ȻСʮ룬ϳͦ
ΪǱϵҰ߻ľţ˾ǨҲ˸һ
ȻѰҰˣоˣͷһ΢΢һЦ
յУ浾ЦݣһƷһļ˾ǨϣҲԽº͵Цݡ
Ӳû뵽ҰˣҲóԵĶ
˵֤ԼĳʳȫˡȻϲ˰Լĳʳ꣬˶Ҹĺܡ
Цü˷ܵصͷһСҿҵһЩɳԵĹ˵һЩĳʳءĢ֮ģѽͻȻ䷢֣ʵҰˣҲвǿԳԵİ
Ц̫ҸһߵСʮҲ˷
ۣһ˵ôµĶȫǼóԵġŮˣҳ޸ҰɣҾͿкóԵˡ
˾ǨԾҡͷСʮˣ̫ˣܷˣǳ˵ġ
ȻЦĿļˣСʮ˵ԴϣѽϧϧСʮ˳˵ʮ꣬ǿԿǺСʮ˽ѽϧϧǼ޲ҵඡ
˵ֱ꣬ﲻסؿЦСʮӴ
Բ۾ߣģǹŮ˼޵Сʮءҿһʴ㣬ǳ޺˸СˣתġڲһĹļõġȢ㣬зкӣҲȢġ
ССӣϣȴ¶ʼҵİԵšȻЩɳȻȴЦڨڨʼ磬Сʮ˰Ȣ֮¶㻹СԺ󳤴˻СϱġҪУҴھΪѵһʳСϱԺ󰡣Ȣá
ԭǾĵĻɳȻôҲ뵽ԻСʮˣǵɺʱ˵Ļ
ǵӦȢ߻ʳСһ
˾ǨСʮдʵĻ˳˼С֪ôģͻȻЩĽСʮ˸󵨵˵ڣԴ󵨵ı뷨
Сʮ˰ܸܸˣȻͦСģȴǼóԵġ̸ƤҰɾˣҲǲĳʳûһЩʳźãϾҲЩɬζġнϲˣΪζ𣬼ϵϲ㿴Ҷӣǲһͻᱻҧˡֲ˵ζɺóˣһժ


226 ͵ȡ

ףŮ˶õ࣬ǲеʳǺóԵģǰҲĲ˰
Сʮ˽ȻһֱȻǰġ
˾ǨЦ΢΢վߣʱҲϲҰһѡ
һӵλ̴ӵװ˲ߢһЩҰˡ
Сʮ˻ժ²ŮˣǱ߲ݴܸ㲻𣿡
пŹأû뵹ҰѽöҰӹءСʮ϶ȥժӡЩٷŵݻһԳءʱһЩɵӹԡ
Сʮ˷ܰźͮͮĹӣⶫ϶óԡҪ֪ÿγȻָĶǺóԵءСʮ˵ǳȻ˵ܳԵĶǾ;Ǻû
ժһöӹСʮȲ
ޡ
һҧСʮ˵ɬ˿
СԣȻЦ
ԭҲժһſе˾Ǩ,Լٶ˵СǰԣҪ϶ҲһĶء
ʱСʮˣɬĻҲ˵
ԹˮģŸ˵С¹һ
ȻֵӴСʮ˰Ҷ˵ˣⶫժȥǷ˲ܳԵġ㰡̫Լ
ּҲûڵԼмء
һЦˡ
ۡ

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˾Ǩȴʱ˹׶
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ÿһëб飬ȫ۵סԭҲԺ˽ĽӴ
ȻҲɵˣоǿԼ΢е۾
Ϣе¡ֱСʮ𾪹󣬱һĴЦ
Ǵ˿ЦڱӦ˰ɡ˸ҲǣȻѹſ档ˡ
Զӵȫˣ֪ôӦ
Բû°ɡңûѹ㡣
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˵ǿժɡأȥժҰȥ
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룬ȻЩķҵժҰˡʼôȤˡ
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ףвݹСʮˣϽժӣ֮ǺóԵĶҸԵģϧûʵ⣬ҪУһݲݹǾζˡ
ʵҰѵĴ䡣
ǰҪһЩǵö󰡡ԭ̬ĵطֲݹֻ»óԡ
СʮԻһ˵ССǺóԵģҲ͸ʵժ
˾Ǩһ˵Ҫ⣬۾һת˸ľͷԶߡ
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Сʮ˰ӰⰡǿпڸඡһΪŶṩƬݹһҰ
˵Ұ˾ǨԶŵءȻ˵Ӧֶˡ
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ʱԶȥԵڻһ˷ܵţôһֻҰ򰡣ҰˡǳŽûɶԵģȴһֻҰ򡣡
ȻҲ˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ĵϴҰҲ治һĺð
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⣬ȵĵطˡ
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˾Ǩ鲻Ȼϲ˶࣬ҲԸõӵĳʳһȫһġһȫԱ˷
Ҫ֪ʱ𱰻Ǻϸġܺ˾ǨĻһԷԺ̸ʰ
˶˵ĺȾƣ裬ʳ
ų౵ĳ裬ųȻһȺ⡣
СʮڲԶȥżһЦżأžը졣УһŨصĳʳζ


227 ħ״̬

ֱȻ̧ͷĵкˣֵǣǿԿඡ⣬մһЩϵĭܺóԵŶϴտгԼ¡صҰ˱ӡ
ôĹȻۣһȺ˳ԵĿģȻҲÿĵĺܡ˶࣬Ҳ࣬ާҲ̫ۡ
˾Ǩһ鿾յǰҲ԰ҿԵĺ١
Ȼ̧ͷЩȣŶôҲԵĲءʱ⣬
ǰҲĳ淨Ҫǣ϶ǿ·Ҫôڴ˯ȵڶ·ҿмг̲ܵĿĵأ磬ԺǶһСҹ
ȻЦҵү㵱ĹµҰڴϵ죬ûĵЩ̫һûġÿɡܾĵطȻǺ¶ֻµǣҲĵض
˾ǨЦһ·ϤֻҪԸĵͣǿҵõĵطġ
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Ϊг̫ã˾ǨһҲǳ£֪ʱ䲻ˡ
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Ѿͷ˵ûǻСĹȷʵҪˡǰǽصءٹһؿڣǴֻĵطǵͷǱߵͷĺܴ󰡣ʵҲ˵ġ
ȻؿЦڹһ˿Ȼ
Ҫ˵˾ǨûǣɲšڻʼҵȨƣľǣֻ׵ĺܡ
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ԽǵͷȻģԽĿ졣
ʵʥûɶӵġ
ǣһ뵽Ǹˣ
Ĳò١þûоůþòһ
Խǿ˼飬ԽŨ
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ϧ飬Ƕġ˼Զ֪ʱ˼ˡ
Ǹˣ˵ћ˴˳ö¶
ʵֻҪ˵һҲ԰ķġ


228 үع

ɬɬ˵ȻȴЩĲɡʶԼʱȻǸЦЦţлл㣬ֻ֪ǣԼķʽ²Ϊһġ
Ϊ˾ˣҲɳܡ
ʱ治ףǸʲôˣֵ˵ĸ
⻰ٴЩᣬҲ͸Ŵ̽뷨
֪ĳȻЦˣǸˡ
ţǸʲôˣҲûϸںʵʱ䣬һʵˡȻ˲𻨣మཻ֪ڣֻҪֻܰҪͷڱ˵۳ֻһȥˡҲһ˺áҵõˣҲÿˡ
ÿһ仰˾Ǩĳһ֡
ŲµԣૡԵʱ䣬˶Եˡ

ţԵʱԵˣһ죬ڶԵʱ˶õŮˣĪҪ˻ӵ¡
һ˻ӵ£˾Ǩ꣬ؿԭ֪ҵݡ
ʵڱ߳ǵʱ֪ˡЦĽ͸ŸСԽ˾ǨģͳٵԽࡣ֪ȥãܲס࿴һֵ顣
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үүǻذɣ
үʯһվͷİжˡ
˵õһλүȴΪ˵Լİ޹Ǳʯ

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ү
ŵɴ۾Ŵϵˣҡͷڹһֻϡ󴬣һǴٹˡȻ˶࣬컹ɨȥڵԶԽԽˡȥԼõȵߡ
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ģΪǵӰĳ֣ġ
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ȻȻ㿴⾩ǵСԣడûżĹ˵ζһҴ㸶ԣĸɫСԣǶӦóһ¡

˾Ǩڹϲ˵ţ쳣İ
ףͬ˶˳߿ǵֱֱͦӰһжˡ
еһ̱˵˶Էݲ±ˡ
ֻ˲䣬ˡһЩ飬ҪԲġ
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ʶԼ̫ʧ̬ˣȻҪ˾ǨʱȴִһҲˡ
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Ҫ̫࣬úñ
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̣ү˾ǨүСʮ˵ȥˡݺǱϵġүȥﰡ
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үûʱҾͿһԺӡʱ˶𣬽ãʣµǮǾͿסˡ
ô׾סģֻǽ˶Ҳð˼ҲŻԺӸ۵İɣô׵ľͰԺ˹ôе㲻׵أ
챻ʣӲŽŵʵǱŽԼ뷨סַӡ
Ȼüָƽʱľǿɡ
죬ʵ˵⹺õķɶġǰŹ֮ģǻİգģǿɲҪ
ܰҲɨһ죬ڱѺʱСȫȨ񡣵ǴҲġ


229 ֹ

ѽҵү̰ɲĵضʵ˵ɣԺǸõģҪҲֻ̫һĶһǧɽˡֻҪԸȥǸ˼ңзĺܡ
ȻܰԽԽˡ
˽һ񣬶ɵض졣Ҫ֪һĵطܳԺӵķӣôҲúķǧ⾩ǣɾ͵÷ˡȻ˵ֻķһǧôҲòŰ
ǱңʵɣԺǸõģǰЩ꣬һԺҲ֪ôģ˴˵ǹլȻи˹ⷿӣס˶꣬˵ҲôȻͼҪۡļ۸˵۸ҲֵǧġΪˣ˹Ժӣԣ۸ͱңⲻԼô
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Ȼ˵Ҫռģܰǵסֳ˵¼ɲôð
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ʱ䣬ֻ죬ᱻּ
һ㣬׼
ĻҲøϽ
ԼһϵĻģҲ˴š׮׮һµĵطԭֵ˳
ţȻҪ跢Ľڣÿ˸ڵһš
ǣǣһ˼һ
ǸڲŰİա
ԣ㡭
ûУûУϽ߰ɡ
ۡ
һ˱ײˡƵĳȻֶſ˶ңһеƧĵطҵһ࿴Ųĸ˼ҡ
ŰģûĶҷĶãҸǮġ
ȻϽͭǮóһҪ˵Уһ뷢һͭǮǶ˵ġʱΪ˴ϢҲ˲ϣ˵ھùϵҲкôġ˼뱻ˡ۸š
˾ؿһͭǮٿɫ̾һý
ˣզģҲףҾһɡǮǲҪˡ۲ϡͼǵǮˡ
˵ʵڵģԽȻԽҪ


230 

ӹ룬ݵСɵҿҲզģ治ô˽顣СԺҲҼҹȥġǣöһ˵ǵطôɫôÿ˵ôɾǸɶҲи
һۣ֪ҪϢţҲ˰¡
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Ҳǲôգ˵˵լӵ¶ԽϸԽá
ɶҲĺӣȥһ߶
СףСլ¶˵
ԭʼլһǮƹĽġ
ʮסҲûɶ⣬ǮԱƶԺͼ鷳ˡ
ǼĪĵòº󣬱ǽӱߵˡ
ٺǮƹľȻˡһķ裬ʱ˵լӲô徲ԺӲ޽ãֿ˻ۺġ
ûãһ˼ְȥˡҪ˵ɣһҲǸġǼ¡Ĳˣӻı㿼ȡšΪ˶ӣȫҲžǨ⾩
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Ϊζ£֪ûôҽլӡҲż˼ӡ󰡣ǰĻϲߵŶ
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ӿ̬ȼҲûƴǡ
˳ˣӸϽΪԼ˺츣ˮĴţвĶţҪ͸ġ
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٩һ˵ȫЦԭĽž£Ϊһ˵
Ψ죬Ȼ֪ǱˣĻǲô
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ԴʵǾԺһСͷߡݿͷϷ룬ܻһСͷ
ŴɫĶڰҹ㶲һᵱֹ
Ȼܰ˻ݺܰѸղһж˵ˡ˵ڶҪȥĳط
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˯ǰֻܰţ˰æһȺŪߡõģȻץס£ҪԺڳ¶ǿɵòʧ


231 Ѱ

ڶһ磬Ȼĵһ飬ǾܰԼȥνľϲ
ӣҸû뵽û뵽Ȼһͨھ㲻Ӧȥһ滹ô죿
һ˵صȻﻹ
УҵȥһصҵһƵĵأ۲ǾͷôϽģȥģİ취
˵꣬صҨһԲ򣬡㣬ǱСԲʮַǡ
ⶫʵеִըߣȻշʮඡ
ӣܰĪľˡ
ӹԲҪšŵĳȻϽֹ𣬱𣬱ⶫɲšҸ㣬һšӳȥը군ŶǸˣһըըһ䷿ӡеˣԲҪš˲šõһʱӳȥҪûըţԼըˡ
ôأܰȵؿⶫͻȻ뵽˵ʦү˵ִըⶫôеըζ
ӴӴҲըҷⶫʵըĸ汾Һʮ˵һְɣַ֮࣬ⶫġΪնŵķ涼ըûˡǵط˴ֹʵûըⶫŪɵġٺ٣Ŵ˰أֻᣬû뵽Ū˵ľɡҲ϶һмֵģֱһ㶨
ܰҲ飬ﻹкЩأҲһصȥ
һǮ˼ҰصԲڵ˵Զ
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һ·ǰУܰһ߲쿴صĺۼ
ڵĺۼصҲˡʱصЩҪʲô
Ŷ꣬ʱ㣬ƺֹʱࡣҲ˵ǿԴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ֹʱʼЩ˾ڵصصҪͨδ
ߵͷ֪ˡǵøСġΪЩܵطʱ򣬾ԽΣյʱ򡣡
ǰǱУߵľˡʱҲнʱصǵһط
һܰҪȻǰӣŲһ϶ɿģֻһ԰ĵط
⻨԰˭ҵģѲɣֹլӣ˭ҵĸ͵飬רһͨ
ܰԼ̫ʵͷһ뷨˭еû¿ɸɣΪ˷͵ڵصͷôҲ˵ķɡ
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Ҫ˵ǣʹɣԺȴʹǣ˾Լûֻʹص֪Ѷˡ
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ܰ˵Ҫլӵ£Ȼǲܵġ
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Ҫ˵ɣǱϾһ֮⣬ʲôģСطҪĶˡ
ĵһӡ󣬵ڶоǷһķ
־صأСطСС֣еϲ̨档Ҫģôݻɡνĸ߶˴ϵΣھضõڹ͡
Ȼ˱ȣԼЩϣгµ꣬ԼԺ֮ģھڿ죬ҲһЩŮҽ֮ҽѧá
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ھصأԴͲû⡣Ҫģǵô򿪾档Ͼ˼ңǲԸԼ֮顣
һ˾棬ЧЩ˱Ч¡
ݻ¶ȷһšҪģǵñĳʳ֮ġ

ʱ̫࣬ȻӵѳȻˡ
ɶĲУҪȻҲ첻õǣȻڵº˼ʱķ
ˣ·ˣҪҪһ¡
һλķүЦ
ȻЦʱ۾һɣô
˱ӣḾˣôô㰡һƯĿɶȻ⡣
ԶɶǼУôأ
ǸȻĺܿз֮źүñط겻һ죬ôԸű߰
̡̣
ѽÿÿ
ϧɶĺУееУѹ𲻵á
ѽҪˡ
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ò״Ⱥ߳ʱˣ̲ˡ
ô˵ľҪɶһѾͷҪôҵ̡еɶû취֮£ϽؼҰȱ
ʱܰסԺܼҵļλں˵Ų¶
ܰһضأ޷ͳȻ塣ܵģǷ飬ҲšףӴԺ󵥶һ֧
Ļ󣬴һ죬ȵϢȻܰͳȻ浥һլǲԸˡ
һǾã˶̫ˡ


232 ໨¥

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룬ðΣôھͿ԰ˡ
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ŭ
˵룬ܰôҲܼҵѪҺСӣôԶ˵񡣡
ˣ˵žҪǰܰ
һһƣɲɵɵĵ˼
ϣҾѽҪ弮ģôҪˣݲңҵȻ͵˳Ӧǵ˼ǲ˳ӦһǼ˻зɶģֵ˵ҵĲǣ԰Ϊҵ룬һǵķԸΪáҵʼλף룬ǲĺã
ܰһǼλϵͱ̼ˡ
ߣףããǾ룬ϵľ峤Զ½ۡڿռ岻ǽͳȫ㡣ףͲռ塣Ǽһ񣬴㲻ټ̳С㣬
֣ܰԤСһ϶ἱС
Ǹܰһϴ죬ҲŵУſԼүү⡭
ܰҲЩϲģĸգΪԼȻѾͷҲáߣʲô鷳ء
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ѽֶʥûкõ·ҿۻǸϽų¾ֵӰæ·ɡҹϹҲ¹ܼҵ棬Ǵ̫ˣ߲ҵۣǿǶܼҵӰ
ɲôֶ¶ȥ˰ˣУǸլӻ̫СЩҲҵõҿ绻լӡǼ϶լӣԽֶš
⾩صأֶҪʲôԺ⼸϶һ°
ܼھӣ˵Ǳټˣѽˮԭһ˰֮ǰ֪ݵˣгײˡԺھӣɵöչŰ
쿴ǰת伫Ķˣֱˡ
ղŻ˵Ҫ׵ˣڵͷһүүģ
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ܰûļϣЩھӣ˵ġһȭݣ˸˵˼ţԲʱػ
զǣʣҪġһ㣬үһֱ˵ĸߣڴʱҲò¡
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¶ĸһʱҲѴ·ӦܰǱ߶
ȻǣүȻһҲżֻϸѯǸ곤ʲôֹʲôġ
ɶһһܰȻһڣȥӴˣԵ¶Īܡ
һԺӣɶͼקס䣬죬˵˵ˣǲүţ¿ô죿̿϶ᱻѽأϻּҪүһʥģǽˣ۾ءѽУ̻ˣүӴ˲̣¶Ҳѽ
ĥ͸ӵ뷨أɶһһô쳳Ƿꡣһӣѽˣɶ˵ôģүе¶ô˼ҷ޼¶˲Ǽɶðıְ¶ʲôǿ
ι죬ҾǵļһҲקˣǰɵɵһɰ
߶УһߵĳȻʱһ§ţǵ˵ЦŽ໨¥
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յغ˿ڲ裬һ˫һб˵Ůˣ㵱õʹ̫࣬æǸģ۵ĻŽССģ֪ΪۣΪ㰡ڲͬ
Ȼ˸ۣתԶ
˵ģôУ˴լӣһЩȤ¶Ұæһ£Ǻ·ôģεʥϵ¡衣еϸڣԽϸԽá
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˹Źֵլӣʹ˵ھȻֻж¥еġǸ׵Ҳҵġ
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ȻҲûŴߣɫ־ͽ¶˵һ顣
ţټʱ򣬺ҲټǶҵǴġڻ̫ͻʺǵȵطԼȥ빬СЩ
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֪ҲСĵ֪¡Ǳ߳ǵת룬ǵķĻʱýˡ
ⶫҪģʱϣȴǿġ


233 

ܶౣһʱ䣬ǵĲƸҲɻһЩһٽȥ׬ȡ㹻ķáֲΪ
ҪϾʱұϸܰЩʱͶϵҵǲıˡҾ죬Ҳ빬ͬҲģŮˡ
ᵽ⣬üȻҲûʣתլӡ
Ż㱻ɶСݡ
ѽ㻹õİɣҿûˣûɶ
ΣȻĿ֣ɶʲôլôе㲻һһ·вϵңȻҴкеܳĸо
ɶƲ죬ҵ̰㻹֪ʥּˣ͸Ͻ빬ءѽЩ˰ȫϲġҲ˵ˣ̣㣬Ǹһûзģ
ɶ۾Ȼֱ˦һơ
УĪļ顣
군ˣ̣ұ㣬ү
үū澸ˡ
źܰɶǸŰ
ɫţȻҲЩŽǲҲҺ㡭
̧ܰͷһѽ§ûɣʲôˣұ˭ֻЩпˣ̫ˡ
Ȼţ˵ʱܰǼܵİɡ
ȷʵʥּûʱļλһǳˡ
˵Ҫʥˣ̬Ⱦͱ׽ꡣ
ν飬ϣǴСЩܡ
ˣҵСˣںö˰ɡ
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ܰŭЦˣа°ͣһֱֻӿʼְ·
ιû
ӣ˵ΪļдĽ˼Ǹӻˣ⼼ϽĽҲûڣⶼҪҪģǼдĽĽ

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ΡŮү̵⣬ȴ˼Ҷǣ֪ɶȻżקסѽ˵˰ɣ̱үءûеĶҰ̶ѹţûҺˣͦʹ
ȴܲˣǿקϡ
ֱϵˣһҪˡ㣬ʹ
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ң㷴ȥǵþ̶̰ôãأȻȣұ㣬졣
Ѿͷȥôһү£˻Ƥȥ
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εؿһǽ䱸طſڣɶٳ彫ȥ
죬ɶ۵ؿųԺӡ
ͷЩΣͣҺ󡭡ӦöеʾҾȻˣҵȢѾͷϱأҲҪѾͷô飬ңҲŲҪȢУԺԶ

ţɶҲŭ
ȥ˵ڴ໵ؿ˰죬һݵӵǹе˰졣
Ѿͷߴʣ˵ŮǱɶǲǷǵü޸
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ǣɬͣܲ²ⲻ
밡ŵͷⲻܣһˡ䲻㣬ѾͷҲϡߵˣȫѾͷӵģҲܡ֪ˣүߵˡ
ɶͨͨһײǡǵ
ԽǷϣӾԽĿ϶
һ֣֪Ǹɶģģү߶⺢ӿǸõģҲΨûˡţ⺢ӲСүֻģҲǿģ֪׵˶Ѿͷ񵽱ءǰǸƹӵģһֱûŮˣ˵ǵ걻һŮˣºһֱԸҡţշСӣ˵б°Ѿͷ͡
Ҳ˵ˣ˼˵ûоûе
ɶܳȥ
ǣôҲǰȥģŻʱľ
Ȼ֮ܰһעǻᱻŵġⲻֵĻʵأȴ⴫λ幫
СӰҰѳ¾ֵ˶ˣ·ãҲʺϵʥϵ۹⣬Ͻ·ߴˡ
Ȼһ
ܰҧȴݵظ
Ȼس˵ĿˣڣΪҲͲݲճΪܰ൱Ĳ⣬кɫźá
һɫ󱼶ȥλǿǺĺų¾ֵǰİôС˰׶
һʱһʱڵܰǵǾĴڣԾɫãһȺҲΪӦõġ
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234 װ

ܰһȺĵϵɫʵıһֲЦˣҲû˼Цˡ
ȻϵĺҲȥ
Ǽλϼ񣬼˻һĸ߸ϵ̬
ߡܰһ⼸ȻͻعζãСˡ
幫εط䣬ϰɡǺôҲ㳤͸ļ񡣡
Ȼյľﰡһ˵գϵЦҲࡣ
лл幫
幫ܰСӵɫԻЩ֪¶Ͷˡ˼ҶСͳɺãȻˡ˭˼ء
Ϊܰڵĳ׶һȺûٸҶ˼ӡ
ȻûΪѣ෴ĻһѵΪЦļ۲ģǻھļλҲиţԺǵö౸һЩġ
ǣڼλ뿪ʱ򣬳ȻȻĸÿһ˫Ƥ䡣
䣬ʵǶʱֲ棬ůֵá
Ҫ˵ɣСնλҲϡġǵӵһʱ;ˡ
⣬ָȻǷֿ˵ģԡ
ҲǲеůͣλϾȻֱӰ˽ȥһ䣬ѽɾůĶడ滹ëҲ˻ļҵģû뵽ջǸǵİĻʵ˶ܼҡ
ãһ䣬Ȼܼˡʵܰһαˡ
⼸λԭĵϣ⻰ȫڴŰϡ
ʽԼʽ֮ģǴġһʱ䣬⼸λٿȻǽһðǹⰡ
ȻʵĺһѣһôʱҪȻһЩеرģпŵĶ
ΪԲҪһЩ䰡ëӣ·֮ġڿСëС֮ģҲǺЧġ
룬⼸λĺЧ
߼λЦǺǶȥϣȻҲ˿תϵľһ˫һģ͸аĲ
Ȼһ๫ңһе¶Ҫɶ˵ȥɶ㡭
ǣµĻû˵꣬ܰס
ޣΪҵļĺܲΪ˰ѼĺһЩޣʹΪɡ
ǵĿҪĳȻò׵ŻϽ硣
˵ˣļܺãһ˭Ķá
ã⻰˵ˡ
Ȼ½ܰЦǽһһаޣû뵽ҵı˭Ķţ˭
Ȼడĥզ˵ءأûأ˾ͱŴϡһҹҡε賿Ȼװбɡ
ԺҲҪ˵ļеĻҪԿĿ϶ŮԼ˯ǰȻأֹ⻰
ڶһ磬ֵĽ̵£㾻ֻ·
ʥһ¶һ˱ټ϶¡һЩġЩ̵֣ȫġ
ճȻ뷨û̫ıҪϾǹŴνףǹִˣɹҲվɲǣ
ЩϰװԼʢױһٵͷεʱ򣬳ȻôҲԸֵĽ̵ˡ
Ҿһ̽ĸˣûҪŪһȥˡ˵ˣҲȥћѡģôһá
ֵľУȻȻֻ򵥵һöľͷӣܰΪ̵ġһͷٲ˿򵥵˸һһ򵥵ķΣУǾǼͨһũС˵װ硣ɾҲʧ¡
ɾǡԼЩ
ֻƽһЩȻȴڶһöҶӣһķΣǼ򵥵һöҶȴֲʧģȴƽ˼ڡױ磬Ȼ˵ɶ
ţ£ݳޣȴԵĸɾһ̸
һߵܰԼİޣֻô˶
عôŰաޣµģΪҲҪС̫ݻϲ
ܰϴ·׼ģݻ˿ĳ£·һӵǶǴġɽԼӵװ磬Ȼˡ
Ȼ۵ֳЦˣô͵ˣɻϲˣСӡҲû˵С˵ĻСһ쭣밡
΢бȻԼװΪ˼ֻǻ˼·˵ͨʽվһ𣬾ȻһȥǷĸо
ףްôãһԶ·ȷʵһİ㿴°÷ľȻһġ⻨Լ߶ȣǲġţŲž
Ҳһ߶ɵ۰¾ִˣǰȻôûӵͬʱҲòϣλ̸ͨˣȷʵǺܻεġ
ֻǣǣλӰƽʱҲƵǼġɽȥʥʥôģ᲻һʥ
ȻҲûίȰ˵Ҳ˼ĺøС
ְʥǸӢҺͣ˵ͣҴҲġҾãǷװġ˵ˣЩݻģټҺͷеɫļװ磬ϵ黹ˬһЩʱˣǷǺ¶
˵ķװʵǳȻִɫװıġ
ʥʵ뷨ġԼʧɫķװȺбעĿҪġǻʹעĿ
Ǿ֮ӵµעĿбҪġ
Ȼͷһܰװ磬ȷʵǹġǣ˵ģȥʥƺҲ̫Щ
۾ڻױһ£һöΪܰװİ䣬ϽڵذĴָϡ
ףǲǾ͹ˣ
ּ̧ܰ䣬һ貵Ĺ⻪ҫ۶Ŀ
ȵصһöʯͷǣ
һʯͷгй䣬һöʯͷ˰׹⣬ٴĥǶϵġôÿɣ
Ȼױڴ飬൱ȡܰ
סű˲ע͵˸㡣ǣҷģܴģ
ȻɬظϽƿֵˣûע⵽ղŵ¶԰ֵصһۣȴ˵ĻҲûˡԶСɵҡͷү̰Ҳ̫û㣬Щȫε໣
˴ݳʮһλ˲ɵˡ
ȷӦĴϵ⣬ⲻǺôôĴȥʥϽȥȥ


235 С

Ȼܰеʱˡ
ɢɢĳɨһۣϣʥĹˡ
Ȼ⣬ѽʱģһȺ
λһҲɵˡȥ·϶ˡϵʥʱǿǶ˵İ㻹ȥ·ⲻô
ϵܰһۣСӣ͸Ƥļһ治ԼӺã˲Ƥˣչ鲻һס
Ȼ̾̾һȺ˻ǸϽӭ˳
һȺӵųȻܰڹǰһȺҲϵһ۶ֱˡ
ûζױ磬ֻʽʥʱ򣬾ȻҲױ磬ټ
ƫƫǹҲ˵Ĵ磬ǰһĸо
ܷү׼ˣ͸ۼ߰ɡ
кǰѽϣϳ˻ʹ
һȺϼҲû˵ɶ˿ͬʱҲϣܶڻʹš
ܼҰͿܲܰǣʹչѽһεĻûˣԺлඡ
Ϊ׵Ĵ̾̾
ǣǻʹʹǹɡʵҲǼҪĴڡ
Ȼǵ壬Ϊ߼٣߾ӶࡣЩͻʹӰ죬ȴǧ˿ƵĹ
˵ĽӴһ壬һζ׳ǿʢ
ܼңһεϴƵУΪվӲãԺǲҵ
ڵţ֮ԻἫԭǵĶˡ
ȥļ壬Ҫվһ˵Ǽѵġܼһγ˸Ȼܰӵķء
Ǳһ뷨ܼҵǣܰ˿νݽߵĺܡ
˵˻ʹܰ㱻ٵǰĻµĴ
һԾ֮ҲҲʮͷִ͡׳ʱ򡣲ʱȴҲʮˡ
Ӿ˵ʵʱ۹֮ģࡣ
ڻϴܰͬʱҲֻǵȻվǶ̬ȲԲòҲǶׯ
ʣзȣϺ͡
ǸϧŰŵˣڷܵΪˣǰĽ
ܰɾһλڡ
ţܰһ߰ա
̬ȣһߵ̫๫ͶܰĿ࿴ˡ
Ҫ֪ɢ׮ϲλܼҵүᲽˡ
֮ȵģǳȻĲס
ȥڰ·ʱǰ·
Ѿͷһ·ţһ·˵Ż̬ȵҲС֪ǶģôģȻܾãֵ̬ȣõ̫ЩڿҪʱΪҴҶ̫㲻ˤҲܼʱطһѡ
ɾһȴȻĳ˹档
ڽˣȻеġλַԼͬʱȻͶһӲĶءھİĻ֮£϶ע⵽һġȻһֱλ̫顣
һоٶǸղŵĽ
ûһԣͻȻһӲԵĲԡ
Ȼ˼װŲ֪Ȼͷ˫ֲŷǰصС
֣ȴһöССƬճö档ңһƿͣҲȵͿĨһ󣬾Ƕһ㣬״ıһЩŷ
ʹ棬һСİֻôһ빬ˣ
ãһƷϰϲģк¶ա
Ǻǣʲô¶еģϵĿڷ磬Ҫ̽һܼҵĹǸʲôİˡ
λĹˣؽ̸š
ֻ˲֪⻰ﻰ˼͸Ũصҫζ
űյ֣Խؽ˽
û¶Լ൱ѿ
Ҫ֪һֱóӰǽ죬ΪʲôùȥӴλܼҵĹ󸾣
󹬲øҪҪӴҲźӴġ
ĴӴֺôԶ
񣬻ר
ɨһ۹ڻȦӵĶӡ
Ƕ¡һŶȻֻмµʱ䣬žǰ۰
ҽҪ겻¶
ʼĴϵʵһ㣬ǿ׳Լ
ϾʹеĹζһ壬֧λӡ
λȻܳģܻ΢Ϊǡ˿ܿȴˡ
磬Ȼһֱشڻʹȴⱻϳһҹ󣬱㻳֡
ôӣһˣû˵λеġܻϣżҶС
ļ΢ɻȴźۼӼʹ̸
ȻҲ̸˼ңҲ̻ǣ𣬵ȴ֪ģϣ˵ƿصǮȴʼҲݵ¶
֮ʱ򣬸Ϊ
Ͽụ̃ĩȵһλʵģˣı˭á
ΪǮ
ʼ֮Ի󣬲ǲϲ̣ǲֻ̫ҪһĹģѹЩ̼ҡǼܿµ飬пΣ
˼ţ档
ڵܼҲңҲðЩһжöɱҡС
Īй밲
ףйİաλףܼҵģ̧ͷðҿ·
ڿȻװʱǰһҲֳԹʳͻȻ俴С˵ĸо
Ȼ·ɫ˫ſۡ
ºȹǷֿġԲͲĹȹζĵļǰ˫źɫһĵĽ޿ˡ
һͷ򵥵ķʽһྻȴˡ
˶ֻεվǶ浾欣ȴ˾ﰲں󹬿Ҷ£ͻȻ俴͸˶ֻ鰡Ҳࡣ
һģڿȻʱҲԺࡣֺγ֪ľء
Ȼװ磬ޡ
ׯֲʧ
ﲻôҲЦӯӯء
ţܼҵǰɣװǸ˶ģҲĶе̧
ЦжˣƺΪȻһ
⻰ڳ˶ĳ˼˵̫ںЩϲ˴̨档СˣչСġ
ȻҲֻ̹Ȼص˳ü̵ǡ
ѹ㲻Ը빬λԭλٹ̫ദˡ
̧Ȼɨһڳλò˵ȷʵռƯŮ˵ĵط
λò


236 ʶ

ǲԶй֣йȵȣҲûٲ˶
õģڻʼҡѹ֣²Ů˴ͷ빬ʹȷʵٳĵض
ϸһ۹ʽˬֻ࣬ǽɢ룬ǰ˿òббֿð˳Ժ󣬲֦鷢һ֧һббڹ⻬ƽĵϣɫһӵգڼһĨºɵȻ֮
ȻԿ:һ촽ɫﻹߡɫҰֹ֮꣬ˡ,ü̴ڵ㵤ɰ,һ˫ˮۣӨ󣬾ֹš죬ü䣬裬ˮӡƷ˷ò,Iüһ˫ϲϲĿ̬֮Ϯһ֮㣬΢΢оʱ毻ˮж硣Ľϱȸɶһϣʤ֡
λɫ߳ȥ˵һ˶ѹֿǧۡ
Ǻǣܼҵģҵͦϲһģű˵˵Ȥ¶
ƺûĻȵǣųȻ֣԰ȥ
ȻҲǻģרһЩȤ¶
ȫЩŮϽĹ˵Сϲ͡
ڲҲɫ˵Ȼ˺ð죬һߵȴЦųŹӡ
С˼ҵѾͷŮ֮ģҲ۹ǳЩû취һʼĳѽǵݡ
⻰˵߹˼һġȻ̧ͷ㿴ЦĵӡŮˣԵĿ˳۰
ֻǣһЦȥƺҲû̫Ķ⡣
뵽ʱλйȻġλ϶к֡
м䣬ﻹֶҪ¡ȻҲؽЩЦ֮ġ
󣬸ǽһƾԼԿϽһԾɴҺĸ־¡İԵͷ£൱ϲΪమڣж
ѽܼҵ˵ôĹ£ܲءˣ˰ҹЩСն
һҲϽ˵ȥҺ󹬣Ҳ
⣿ⲻðգǿ
˵ȥȥ
Ȼôе㲻þ⣬֮ǰĶƺ⡣ֻŪıΣȾɫҪϳ⣬϶еġ
Ҫ˵ҲĿƽʱʮְ
ǰһЩϡŹֵĶģҲ׼һЩʲ
磬֮ǰܽһЩӲǽʱб޻Ķ
û룬ֻ׼ĶȻá
˺ܿͻˣһɵУسһһ۳ȻܼҵİҲˣЩա
ȻϽлҪӶʱǰȥȡȴҴææ
ˣˣڷĵطҲɵǼ⡭ˣǿүĶ
ô᲻ģⲻܣ
ŭˣ󹬾Ȼɾϣ⻹˵á
һ߶˿ڲ裬òƹػ˵ѽأ飬ɵò鰡Ҫ˶ģֻ˵Ƕȡ
Уڼ˵²ϸء
ˣ飬Ҳ顣
һ˵ȫʱȻָĪйĪйҿɫԵĲôãڹﵱôãǲ˰ɡ
Īй⻰ɫѿˡ
Լ߼йɫҲűˡʱĪйɫҪ˵û飬Ҳûš麹ǴŴŵ
ûùûù
ͨ£ϵؿͷһµµӡ
վף˹ĪйһֱǽߵˣôͻȻ䷢ءô֪ڻûùأĪйı֣ĺְ
ĪйͷҡĸˣȻģȴƽ
ԭһжء·ˣر𰡡
ߣĪйҴҲ˵˵һô£
ӿɶˡǸʲôˣܲɵãȻǰ˼ҳ
ʱİ¶ڹȥҲУΪѽ
Īйֻǲϵؿͷ󣬾ȻȻͶһӵ
ʲôƵģͻȻ۾ӣˡūΪˡ
ǰ񣬾ȻǿǳȻĵط
Ȼģ˺ü
ūţǳѰǰһݣ˲ò󹬣кθݣһУȷʵǺݡ
ʤ˶˵˲ǰвݵˡ
ͻȻһ¹򡣡
Ȼؿǰ棬ƺ֪ںԼһ
վһߵĺȳȻ
˵أ¹򣡡
ȻָԼıӿԭҪ¹򣬲֪ôͷˣѵ˵ÿһƽ빬ҪĻӭʽӭ˼ңŶ˵ǻʹԺһдҲ˵ľĴ֮
һ仰㰡һߵĹֱ֡¶ԣȻ˲ԼͳȻߵ̫ԣ̸ͨͳ˼ҵ̤ʯ
ⱳԵˣȻλӹһ˿壬ƽʱһֱ͵ΪˣڣӻкҪ͵Ҳˡ
֮Щ鷳¶Ҳͷϡǻӣ¶ǰ϶ġڲǸˡ
֣ⲻʶǵļû˽̵ôԸԽԽˣǣɻúȥ̵
û˵ǵȻؽŲ˷Ը
ҪָȻѿˡ
ȻȴٿߵﲻԶ˫´ҽںδ˵ȻҶҪû֪ĺ󹬣ټ̸ġɳѵ˵Դ̸ƽ֮ҵ˶ȫܼƣΪݽ棬׵ľ֮˵ֻλҲϡ
ԲĴ۾ߵ飬ﰵ̾ˣԼȴվһ߶ġǰԼǿеק߶չ
ˣˣ¶չΪԼԭ򣬲ŵص¶ңͱһա
һ˼Ҳͳ
ãԺ¶Ҿþͱٶˡ
ЦɲǽԺ顣Ͽǻٻ̸󹬣ߵ˶ȥ˵ֻǱ͵һö⣬˭֪жٵ¶˵ⷬǺŵģҪЩ˺Ǳص˹ᣬػʹΣ顭˵ô


237 ʹ

ڰѳȻ飬ͨȥ⸾ˣúݶ˼
Ȼɲǿڿ˵ʧһö⡣Ҫ˵ôǲҵ⣬˵⣿
Цſź֣֣ɣԺˣӲǶ˭ϣˣ͵ʵ۴Ժıűشĸϵ¶˭Ҳ˵ĩ㣬ȻԺ²¶չǷˣΪ˻ʹԺİΣһЩӣҸһ԰ա
ΨЦŮ˵ƶϱƵһزⵣŸΣʹһ󸾿ɳе
ԣһҲˡ
Ǹɨһ۵ĳȻ鷢ˣ˭ҲԸģȻû˵ˣ֣ͺִһȥɡ
Ȼȴʱ򻺻̧ͷʣȻû⣬˵Ȼ޹ءǣ
Цô㻹Ҫұ⳥ʧɣ֮ĪУ
ǿ´ˣȻҲϵصͷԣ˵ǣ֮£ĪȻϣԺܸһԲĽ
ľ⸾ˣ治СҲ֪֪ĵ֮棬Ǻ͵ġ
λָվڹǵߣϸ
ͷ˿Ҳϸϸؼһ
ΪԺҲ˳룬ûеС
ǰһȺˣȻûν⡣
ֵȻʱŵ⡣
֮ǰԼһסᣬصصķ
ϵĶȫһ飬ĽǳȻѹûν⡣
ɨĺԵЩʵȻӡûУȷʵûС
԰֮ǰȻʱʵڵ˵ˣ˵⣬ʵزڳȻˡ
⸾Ҳûлضӵǲⶫأզƾʧˣ
һߵһֱѣɫҲԽԽѿɫҲľҲ˲䣬ָ糣
ں󹬽ô꣬ôһС˾͸ʧţĳνɾǰϹˡ
֣ѵȻǱɫıж೩ˡ
֮ǰǾӦİѶ״ʱҹȫҳնˣˣһҲͬ顣
ɨһ۵ǻûߵ·ֵʬ壬еֻǳ졭
ûûС
λֻǻ㱨󣬹Ҳ˿ٿȻʱԽ⸾ôô˳۶
ˡ
յغŲ裬ûоûаգ¶ҡ
Ҫ˵ȥʱϵ
˵ʧˡ
˱˻ϣȻЦЩˣľ׼
֪Ƿ򸾽ʥȻ׼һϷš
ٹڿҪ¶ʱְѻ󱳾һΪԺ󹬵һʵϡҪ˵Сܼеȫ군
һУݣ
λ治Ǻġ󹬱ѹִԽŮʹ
檼ϡ
˶εε񣬳ȻҲ¹
ȨΪϵĵطĸĶҪʵεĽ
Ǻǣɣף⸾˵·Ǻܱ°ҲŪһţ޵뿴µ·Ǹʲô
⻰Ź˵ġһ߶ͲˣΪʾڸУϽǰڿЦ
˵ļأʱԻ׼ɫ·ѽܼҵģţҵ֪һ·Ǵѵѽ
ǰǣȻ֣Цӯӯģñһǰ̬ȵת䣬ֱ˵򰡡
Ȼس֣ЦЩ·С˵ġϲ͹Ｘױá
üһСˡˣ˵˼
Ƕ˵ȴˣ·͹ġ
ղŵ飬ʱ˵һƺҪ⸾˵鷳ڣӺһ¶Ҳޡ
ղţ
ѽϣղҺͽһأղŹҲλܷˣΪǽ˲ٵЦءϣΪҲһЦա
ֱȻЦȻǸοΪҵ˵ز
ȨΪϵĵطЩ˶Ǹ߸Ϲ˵ģûокβס
ڸղŵ飬ǱһĨЩ˰Ū͸ݽһȨǮƣ
ŶϣҽһЦ˵ĺˣ͡ǲͿûˡ
ȻЦţڵ΢תһ±㸡ļ䡣
ΪԼ˲ôߣҾͽһĹ£ֻҪϻܵˡ
ôһ룬Ȼ㿪ʼ˹¡
˵꣬ͻʵ۶ЦˡȻЦձ֣ȴĽġ
ΪǸԴ׵ĺŮԵľ˵ɲɵģȻ콲ģһʧԵĹ¡壬˵˵Ǹԩ˵ĺ
ֻȻĺĺǲǱ޳С˵Ľ
ŷ¶Ȼ㽲һ£˭ù泰ϴŸ磬ʵأȴǸõ˶
ζҪըˣٿųȻ񣬱ҪƤһǳȻ£еˣк£ʱԼĵ˦ҲŻǿòҪǿ˵ĲƸҪ
ʱĵλһѱȣ϶ǴҪġ
˵ĳ飬ǻʹ˵ĳ飬ȫǲɿ¶һ㣬Ȼ㶼Ųѡ
ţܼҵ½Ĳˣ͡
һͣǲϣǽ𱭱յɳĹڼı
ǣȻһҲϲҲ̫˰ɡ֪ʼ͵ĶɱǷһЩģֻ˹͵Ķ
һСɵĿɴͷϵĶ㻹ûˡ˵ʼҵʹǸŪˣǿҪͷİҪЩʵõİʵҪǽӡ
СŽҷһ󣬲硣̫񵥣Ȼʡ
ϰʹ̫̫ˣСһӣû˵Щ˼ҲôŵĶϲİʵЩʵʵĶ磬ӰнӰϰʱ򣬿˵ʹĽӣںû˴ء˵Ҫ󹬵ĽӵģȻ˷ű紵ʱСţĸζ۰һǮ¶ٿأ


238 ໥ȡů

һİͲû˵ϣ㷴࣬űܣ紵ԵģСˣ˰ɡ
һ㶣Ц
ˣϴªĽʵļ黬ء
֪񱦱û̫ʵãȻҪʵʵ˸ˣе˼Ҳʡڻʹ濴ЩֻеˣͻȻ俴һƴڻĸˣоʶȰ
⸾ˣ˵ǺԺȫǽӰ󹬿һƶϴ庮ĽЩÿЩ̼֧ء⸾е˼ޱٶһٶӰաˣȥ
ȻϲˣһٿӰǿǻƲӲӵʵʵĽء
Ҳúþòġ
ţһ˺֮Уܾˡ
СЦüģһҲԼǮƵĺøУЦĳĺܡ
̰Сˣ治ˣ޵¶һյ
ȻٺٵЦл͡
ô֡ɶѽԲĸоءǰҵ޳յģȴʵʵġ
˭޳˭ҪҪģʵʵģҪġ
ҲǱˣȻҲ̻˼ҳɼҵҲڳе٣һһ
µĸˣһһ룬ĵĺ⣬Ҳ͵ࡣļš
ȡ⼸λߣȻһѵ鸮ʱһߵܰ
һʱǰǣ֡Ȼһ䰲οĻҲ˵ɽ߬ı֣˵϶ҲһֱڵİΣ
µ㣬ôҡ
ʣܰĶˡ
ԭҪģڳʱȴ˵㱻Ѻ
˵ءںҲһҲޡҵ¶Ϊ
ˣ£¾ͺã˲ٵءˣأϲܾ͹ɡ
ܰ죬ЩƵ˵
˱߳ǵ¶Ұ˵ģ˵ƽʱ˵һЩйسй滮ͽ¶϶ȤΪǽ滮ָԱʵĹԱţҲǸطѰ췿ָһµİɡ
ܰƺܲԸ⵱٣ȻĶˡͰ͵˹ֱͦıӣһӾʹӽһĹԱţ
ڹԱĵȼȻǲġ
ǿҲƷİɡܰЩػشȴĳȻŴͣһͣһƷҵССƷ֥ٶǼġû뵽û뵽Ҽ๫һӾ˸ƷĹԱأܼңƺҲûƷĹԱһ£Ϊˡ

һᵽ¶ܰڿһˡ
֮ǰõĹٺ鷳
һȻԼĸ׵¶־ã£ȷʵҪġ
Ҫ֪ĸΪǸ˵ţΪֹõϷ˵λҲûϡΪ׾ȻĸײТΪɣλһߵġ
йְˣǲúһǰ׵һƷԱ
úãˣ⾩Ǵһʱ䣬Իܼңٰλˡ
ٵ䣬ȻſһЦС˺ǣģЩˣҲʼ⣬Ҳζ
һϣվĶˣʵҲǸ顣
ţСһС֣һһز
оһ̵ķɣܰҲ§°͸Դϣز䰡䣬ϲϵĵŵζ
ֻţĶǷ˵ġ
һûľ໥ţ໥ȡů뵽ˡĻ⣬˾ǨһŲһͣ
ȻʣѵЦˡԶĳӣŵŵЦݡ
㣬ֻ˵㣬㣬ҲڡȻҪһҸȥ
ȻĻЩʹָоԼıûˡûҲ첻ɣǻЦףһҪĺúõġ
£ǲʹô
ȥˣȻ£ذɡ
ƾԼߣ˵ں󹬱鷳㼱Ҵҵظȥġ룬ȴܰһĻ
ãٹ
ܰƷְҪȥǰ֮ġΪһְܻ
ŸҪҲв
ֻ˺ɳȻ齨ֻʩҲ˲ٵǸ뾩
Ȼһ֧齻ܰԼֿʼ滮ǵһЩ
ҲԼΧ
Ҫ˭һʱ˺ǰ񣬲һ˵Ҫ￴·Ĳϡ
һᣬȻ뵽ԼĳŵҪʹ׺·
֣߶롣
ãϾҲӴҪӦˡ
֣㿴⼸׵ôҴΪиװʱﴩƯ
Ŷиװˣһ˵ĸ˻к󣬶Ǵſɵıá
û뵽ܼҵģΪרŵиװһЩڴˡ
֣ҵȵȣ󹬿ɺã
ǾܼҵˣҼ˵˵ģܼҵĸ˰žϲҲ˵ǺõģԺû¶ɵö빬߶߶ǻ۶á
ȻףǣǺõģʱˣСԻ빬߶һ
İߺ󣬳Ȼ㿪ʼһЩǰиװ컹ɶˣɳȥ۲гȥˡ
֣Ǳģһ
ɶڼҵʱҲųȻ߹һЩ̣֪Ҫô
ΪСģģеģȻҲһЩ򵥵¡
޷Ǿµĸˣл廨֮ġһˣֻҪǮĺãҲҵġ
˵̵ƹģл֮ѡȥˡ
СӸܰ꣬Ҳ֪˿ãЩ˼黬̫ﲻáİѹأɳȻȥűá
֮ģˣǰһԺ
˵Ҳ֣Դ쾪ЩţԺӣȻֹܰҲĹЩˣٳˡ
ԭĴ澪ھǣڿһ˼Ұ󣬾ȻһֱƽµġйڹլĴţҲص
ΪܰʹټԵʣ¶תԡ
˶˵լӴӹլҪլ
˵Ǵ󸻴լˡ
Ҫ㿴˼ܼҵķһȥǺ¶ϲ¶ǽϰ
Ϊ˲˶ʼĽһܼҵǣʼе㵣ǵİΣģڿ£ҲԽԽʢҲЩġ


239 ǿѵ

ʮλϣճլߡ
޲ðѼҲҪûլӳֻۣһ˻İլӶ˴ˡ
ΪԴܰƺԭռ壬Ҳʼˡ
߳ȥҲ֪ˣռˡ
һܰ˭˲֪
ڵռԱȥҲйʰϾʮ壬ҲûĿڹԱġ
ܼҳһĿڵĹԱֻ˵¶
ΪЩϼһǿɾˣܰǣǾ㸮ˡҲһɶֻܳ㸮ٺ٣һ˱֪ǻһˡ
Ϊ˸֮ǰĶӹϵЩϼһڶܰ򸾵̬ȣһٸĺð
Ϊ֮ǰܰദĲôãϼϼһҲܰСӣǰͦġ
ڳȻǰȴǸԹˡ
Ȼе㶪ˣ˼ҷˣҲû취ǿиı䲻ǡ
мϼһͱĴˣֺܰ߾ȹҳȻ
û¾СﰡһҳôֳȻϲЩ˱ô
һȻ͵ֲЦ˵ˣҲû˼ǿǡ
˼ҾһߣһһɡһЩϼһǻľʹܰҵԺӡ
Իȵģû¾ЩСߡΪܰÿοǱû˺ɫǷ򸾽鰡ܻϲô
ҪģǼסģ˵ļôãΪŬʱûѧСϵļҪģסȻںʵĵطĥдһ
ƫƫϼһ̫࣬Ҫҵطʱ򣬱ܰܣҪй©ȥǿ˰
ΪܰĲôϲһȺϼһﰡ
ԽЩһԽֺóȻ
Ȼţ̧ͷͷģչ飬ܰܵֿܼҺƽദ
˵ˣԭܼҵһбӦԼ๫ġ
ƾʲôҪܼҵǼӵܰ
ôţȻҲû⼸ϼһ죬дš
ҲǸ¶ģĺദԻ
ƽʱҲûͼСɶģЩϼһǣʼӦŵֺһС
أȻİϱˡ
ѽȻѾͷôⶼƼһʱٲƻ˿ô죿
ܰһ㿴һȺϼһΧӵӳüչ
ɶ߸Ͻǰ㱨
ү̰Լһ죬ʳҲ͵߶š˵ҪΪһЩʽʲôиװš
иװģ
ܰЩСŮˣһ첻Ȼ͹˳Էǰɡ
ȥǻҪá
Ƶʱһϲ˳һܰϣǾһ£Ͻ
ܰûֱﴳȥ
ʱȻϲ̵رȻ·ء
ЩƯиװǰʱհ׶ġȻ˵հףҲе㲻׼ȷϾǹŴִиװҪ¶һЩ
Ȼ¶ģʽϣȴҲġ
๫㿴·ôӵپǿ찡һλӣһʽ˼ڽĹ򣬱һ׵иװ㿴Ż᲻
ܰŲϱȻŵŮˣ˵ģһ˫۾ˡ
СһǰԭҲϧ
㰡ǹҲóԷǣһ˵緹Ҳûôԣ
Ŵ̨ǰһѷ룬յĲˣûô֪ܰСһȫĵͶ빤㲻ʲô˵ġ
緹ǶԸųԵġ
ҷİɣִ֪أۻкأһˣۼҺӲñҺѽ
˵
ܰһӶסֻ֪͡Ǵ˸ɲ֪ôģһ뵽Ļʧģ۵С
߬еۣȻûԹ
̧ͷ۵ظ˸๫Ҳ뿪ģΪ㣬ΪǵĺǣҲ뿪ģѽ̫ˡ
ţ㱣֤˵ģ뿪Һͺǡ
һЦܰ˼һҪȴȻһ
๫ȥ·ȥһæ
εص뿪ܰȶСڶľͿʼ·
ûһܰ㿴һſɣʽеŹֵ·˳
۾µشһȷ氡֪ǸطĻȽʲôزˡһиķװҲƵ˵ľɡ
һ·ʵǳȻ˺ζġ
һķΣиϣͺʺϣɣпʽȻȻҲˣΪΪģбҪһִиװ
ɹиװʵ¶ӣľʽ
ǹﴩţҸʦͼ񣬱ж
ֻҪλˣͲԼĿҵʽɹ
ѹ滮˵һܰҲϲ̵§Ϸš
ڴˣ۾¶һɫʵ۾ʱȻ֪ԼҪǿѵˡ
๫вСᣬʹȳ
ţôذΪ㰴Ħһء
ô΢๫ܾܾô˼ܾôǣⲻܾĺǰĦ˹ȴԲ޹۾㣬͵Ŵ
󣬵ȻܲһܾСֺ
ǺеˣһԸԳذԼҰްڴ
ԻΪ
ģԺҲ˵Ĵʶˣ˹ҲǼ鷳顣
һģȻԹš
ףôûǼһӰ
ƽʱӦߵ
أ㿴һӵŽ
ӣԷˡ
ԡģ
ȻЩ𾪣ܰʲôˣүһүôΪԼ
ִЩǮˣΪԼġŴܰݣôΪԼ³ʳ
ȻãһϱȣһЩ΢Ļþš
ǰӲ֪Ϊǻ˵ġ߰ɣҰѸĴСѾͷʲôȫ򷢳ȥˣһӣȫΪ㶨

ȻС
죬ǸʲôӰ
˾Ȼôĵķ
ϰһЩ򵥵㡣
Ŵ㣬ִҲû̫
ܰģǶ󼦵һС࣬һݼС㣬һݸӡ


240 Է

һСĺ˿⺣ҲԼӱ߳Ǵġ
Щȫһģûǰæ
ȻŰһ£ףرζǾԿɳ԰֮ǰӵţܰĲܳһ뷨ȫͬ
԰ҪæҰˡ˵ģ죬ΪˣΪȫΪ񡣡
ѵǺܰؽ
ӣʱ䣬ΪеˡӣϲԽԽá
ѽҵ谡һžûأȻҪӡ
ȻԳ˷̵ʳ
ò˵ζȻһǣָоȴһġ
ܰ˳һǶѧĿ˵ţտ֣ʱȻ֪ԭա
㣬ʲôʱҲѧĶҺ󡭡û̹㰡㣿
ǰģյ⣬ȻִԽʱգֻصִĴ
ΪʲôҲִ͹ŴЩֲĴˡ
лл㻹ǵҵգ
۾ˣܰһ
ƽʱж಻עⰡһССףȻҲᡣ
ޣҲãǰĹذе٣Ҳ˵Ժôֻ˵һжҡ
ţţһжãԵඣϧǲ߰Ҫߡ
⻰ʱӱƿˡ
÷ﱧţžһ
⡭
Ȼˣźӵһǰһһҵ§źӡ
ţ
ͷⰡ
ܰı§ڻ֪Ȼ˾ǣﰡʵǵġ˰ǴΪһŽһСһڶڵϼءǵĺӣȻøһɳô
Ȼ˵ɶأ˵ͷ˵ʲô
ˣҲվĽǶȣΪͺ˼ˡ
ŷֿһ£Ȼȴ˼ǵĽֻеĸ׵Ů˲Ż⣬˼׶Ŀ̹ĵ黳
źϵζǴСȻ泩С
ұŷһʵƺų
÷ｻһ񣬺¶һ˿ЦݡҲ˱ӡ
һϲ÷ǷʲôˣҪôþ
÷һ·࣬ȥЪϢա˺ˮУ졣
Űܰջأһʱ䲻үƺˡ
ȻһʣϽ꣬ɬظ˸̻ˮֻҪΪүֵûﲻʵġ
ܰü΢ššڲҵרСѾͷˣڵ㣬չź;ˡ
ȻЩɨһܰüšĽġڼļͷӦǡǣЩʣȻεļãɳȻȻ˵ġ
ЦʱˣŮ˻ФˣҪҲء
һУҲֳġ
ҪǵǿѾͷҲ˴󵨵Ф롣
÷ɻãһˣӿզ죿
תȻ÷˵ҳ
ʵϾǵʱ÷ͺһšǾǵ¶˭Ҳ˵ûҴ
ߣ÷ļңչǰҲΪ˵ġ
ү̣ҵõѸҪʱҼҶӵء˷ܵĺܣ˵ǾǺõطǷչĺˣԺҲҡѽ֪ģЩСӣһӾˣү̵ĸľǵذӣҼϱءϱҲ֧ǵĺ㡣ϱΪڴžҿɺ
һ˵Щϼҵ¶÷ﻹǺ˷ܵġ
ǰϱǰе̧ͷΪǸзСԵʣϱһӶŶ΢ʡ
ɺˣһΪ̵ԵʣȫҶ˲ĽĶ
СŸн꣬Ҫ˸ùЩ˶Ҫôء
Ǿͺã⾩ǰԺչĺˣܰѴʵ˽󻰿ɵ˵ǰ棬ûǸģɲ⾩ǵҵ³Է͵ÿɶ˵ҪԻȣ˼
÷ĸϽӦ֪ñ߹ء̵Ϊˣ˽ġ
һֱǿԷĹ¶˶ǲҲһڿԼԷô͵
̰һ׮¶λҪĴæԾͰСĻҲˡߵʱ򣬵ҹ˵ġ

Ȼ̾ˣҹ죬ж򵥰
ϱô᲻̫Щ
÷һĴȣοظ̾
Ҫ˵ϱһӣǾǺðûԹϣѼݻھɶĽеһѶһݲݵĳˣҲΪСڵҹСǳװˣĵıŶ˾ǡ
˵⣬÷οѹĨᡣ
Ȼ˸ֱɶҲû˵λһӾžߵء
Ҳ˰ˣȻ÷Լȥ
ܰһ߶źǡҲ֪ǲԵʣӶܰȻ
С§СરવعܰĶˡ
ӣ㱧Ŷ
ˣֱ§СһŮ°ӡŶôıһ߶
ǳȻ˼ŲþֻͷίصԼĶӡ
ĳ鴤˷ܵضžˣתԹĶӡ
СһˣСԴ˷ܵﹰҲѧãֺףȥ
һﱻˣ˱ͣٳһЦݿԼĵðɣиҲǺõġֻǣˣôеΪʲôͬʱռŵأþᣡ
СʵͦԣһҲס
⺢ǸĶСӰһ·ϣС㻹˵ӣǺãȻһҲڡһ·˾ǣӹǶҲڰе㲻ʣ⺢Ӱͦ˹һ·ϻģɶϡ
÷İӣһ˵ǵ¶˵졣ȻҲ⵱ûһ·ǣоҲͦá
ŶӺ۾з۵СͶȻԿصס
ŶˣһȥԺóԵȥ
ŶⲢû̫ķӦȻ˵ǣ˺ðŶȻ
һְɰѳȻֵġ


241 ʰ

ѽҼŶѽ⣬⣬ɶʱ¶
÷Ҳû뵽ջ񣬿˷ܵʵĸеԺ
ʱҲʱѧˣҾͽ̺ǽˣãã⺢ӵһػȻǸܸɵأԺ״Ԫš
ȻԽĶԽǵ⡣һ棬ܰܰľҼŶŮ⵱
зʲôˣ
ʵ¶÷Цſ⡣
̣İǸӵĽ
˵кԵʵľͲģ㿴ʲô
÷˵ţӻҨһСƿ
ȻѺӵݵӹƿš
ţǹζģѵ˵ңΪ
÷ͷǿɲôҪ˵ɣ¶ҲĹ۲þòŷֵġǰǰѾﵥιô
ȻϽͷ԰ˮȷʵǺõģֻǣΪߵԵʣÿιˮԼšΪˮĺãҾûˡѵ˵裬ͺй
ûйҲҰٷְٵĿ϶Ҹ˵֮䣬϶űȻĹġкüΣžڳ̵ʱǻޡǿ͸˭ˮһҾ;ְֻͺôͻþСأ
ȻҲƺͦӵġ
ֶǸʲô
ҡҡƿӣȻʳ뵽ʲôǲǺϴرζô
ǵģ̣Ǻϵζҷ֣ϣҲ㣬˵ɺôǣ̣һֱ㣬ڲ˰ɣ
ѵ˵ΪԭԾ⵱ģ
һᣬȻǵʱ򣬵һֱһšΪͬڲٲֶ
ɲôССĺӰǱıûУ۾ôǱǶԳԵģеĺܡСҪʲôǾǻʳͺϣƵζҲ˵Сһͺʳصĸо㣬ϵζˡҲ²ɣ֮Իᴫι̵ʱ򣬻ίĿԭ򣬾Ǻڻζھ̳Եһʱı⺢ʱˣʳ£Ϊ˱ԼʳȻڲζ˺󣬱㿪ʼſġ
÷һͣȻҲȻˡ
ɲôôû뵹ϵءǸ򵥵˰Ļ
÷Цǵĳλ˼ҵĽ״ҸҲ²⣬λڴ˼ҵ㣬϶̵֪ʶȥһ¡˵λ˼ңƺҲ˾ǡ
Ŷ¶бҪһ¡֪ǻ˼ҽʲôȻķȻ
Ͱˣڻĺǡ
Сʱ򣬱žԼ

Ӱ˲а
һ룬Ȼ⼸죬ѰõͷѺʡġ
֪˺ӲԼԭ󣬳ȻҲġ
ʵҪʰһĸ˵ҲǼ򵥵¶
ڵ¶̫࣬ȻҪæŸŪ·ֵæžǵ̵¶
ܰæźĸԱӦꡣ
Ҳû취¶
ļ壬ҲһСԱ
ܻ쵽ĵطٴȦӣǹġ
磬͵ӦĹһϣСͱʦү̵֪ġôһп˴򽻵Ϊ˼ңΪ˺ǣΪ˽۸ǵŬһȦӿ
ԭͳķεҪҪЩȦӣҲǲѵġ
ʫĸһģҲǼֵ顣
һʱ䣬¹ܰ,Ǵ￪
ټ֮ǻǰˣϼ죬ˣֻٻ빬һһ˸ǰͽֺ
ܰЩȫģص˼λֵýĶ֡
κһɣҲκһϵ˴Ĳá
Ǹص񹬣ԵĲðġʵȦˣҲв֪֮ǰ顣Ҳк֮ˣ֯˹Ѻһʱ䡣
һ˸֪λ¹ʵǲϲ񹬵ġ
²˰Ҳϲһ߸ϵ֯öҲԡ
Ǻܰദϣڴ˴˼Ķˡ
һɣνһ֯Ĵڡһɵˣܰ˵ϼ仰
һ񹬵ӵߣ񹬱ɳ̽ߡ
ЩҲίܰɰȴٵĻᾯҪ顭
һУܰǵȻ֮
ԭֻܰŶѡĳһ죬ϲ֪Ӻδ֪ҲǺܺõʱ򣬾Ȼѵõǰй¶һ¡
ϣҲ̫డ
⻰ܰҽǻҪ֪ǣܶ¶һ仰ʵﲻ˵ˡ
ûӻʵ۱ٴθ̾
еЩ귢չԽԽ䶼ҪȡһʹԺϢϧ޻öǿĺܡ
˵ʵ۵ӹ籩
ȴŵܰͷһ£ػ
ҰĵĴڣҲͼֻ֪֮Ϊкοɰæġ
ϲԵʵغ˵⻰ֻ£ﻹ顣ɲΪԼһС˳ˣô˻ʵ۵ķۡǵԵҲôǡԼ˵ʲôίʲôΡ
Цˣûˡˣ࣬мӡˣȥҡҪģ˶
װ˵ڽ֮ǰ񹬵˹һʱ䣿
ǳ񹬵ϣܰϽӦǣΪǻּء
ԲĻش𣬺ûϲ
ôæô顣񹬰紫ţǺǻһ׵ġʵϡǵһڡҲӵźǻʹһȨơǰ¶̫񡣿Щ꣬ޣҲôǣѽ
ԭͷ֯ˡ֯ܰõˣҲµġĻͲ֯˵ùءҲˣֻ˵֯ˣҪ¶
֪һ
װ֪ǣԭʲô𣿡
ܰҡͷһ㣬治֪


242 £

ǮһӵȨ񹬣ȴӵſµĲƸ£˵һ֯أǸǮĻأΪֵܶõӦõõġƿǮģһֵܵһҲڵ񹬵Ĵߡһ֦򱻸ȨϧԹǮȨҪ飬ܲɷֵġϵʼȷʵްģˣ񹬵ˣҲʼѽ
֯Ǯƣ˵֯Ҳ⣡
ܰشӻ˵Ļؼ⡣
װˡ֮Իһ죬ȫΪһصĻ֯棬һЩ֯ҲǮһƿĻأζǮԴԴعҪ˽Ҳ첻
ܰһݣλʵǴʲô⣬ǲֿö֪
һȴ֤ǻϣԸԼǮƣٱƿšҪǮ
֯϶Ǯˡ
ô࣬Ҫƺѡ
һ㣬ǡû֪ԼʵҲһԴԴ֯Ļθ룿ܼң᲻ҲΪڶ֯
һ̣֣ܰƿһ֯Ǻ¶෴ģǼΣյ顣
ʵ۵ȻɫôÿֻǱܵĻסˣҲû̫ȥ
԰װϣ뾩ǵĸңĪ׽ϵһ죬ƿ֯࿹񹬱߽֮ʱ
ֻҪǵڶ񹬡Ҳ񹬣Ҳ񹬣˿ҪôĶǳΪǳΪɱĸԴһʱ䣬ܰ˸ٱ顣
ϵң֯һµĲ֮⡣
ܰ˲Ͳ׽˻ϵ˼
ԣ˼
װ֪ǸܸɵˣҲǵȸƿصˡֻҪΪ£ȫҵ޶㱣ˡ
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һֱշת࣬Ȼ۾˲䣬๫ǲǻϸʲôˣ
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ܰҲˣʲôҲ˵ġһ㣬Ȼǰٶǿˣ˵֮䣬Ӧзһ𿹣ǰǰЩڴӦÿ¶
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ΪǳԵ׼ҵķҲҪһЩ׼ҵ¶ں쳾ءǶһ仰˵ģǿ㣬ΪʲôǵÿƵĳܣǷȥءʹرǿˣ㻹練ٷǿǿ飬һҡ
ܰɴۣŻŮˡ⻰ҲǷ޼Ÿ˵Ƿ棬ȥ
⻰˵ΪҲֻǸ̾һˣϽ͸¶һϢ񹬵¶
Ȼļذһб¶⻬ļܰɫ
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йʵڴʲôأǷޣܰһ˵Ů˾뵽ûôõҡ
ܰοЦЦ֣Ų
ɲôԭ񹬺ͻ֮䣬ȷʵֵּܷҶġϵһܲƣһȨ߼໥ǣʵ۵˼ѲȨҲû
ԹĻʵۣ˭Ը⻹ǣأ뷨ȻΪȻʹϴˣһȨĺô׵ķ¡
λãõλãֵıȥңһŲλáڹŴҲǵʵȨϡִĻʵۣҲûԸ⵱ġ
ִϢ͵ľƶȣȫͬĸ
ȻȻаŵǣʵ۲͸¶һϢƺƿǮƵһҪģΪƿһԴԴĶ
Ȼ׵ˣ̧ͷ֯
ͬʱ˵ȫˡ
Ȼסزܲ²磬ֹҺʦүǴԽˡ
и紩Խˣû뵽λǰںܾǰ㷢֯Ұ⵱˻ʼҶϵĸ
еˣҸ˵Ҳ̫֯ˡΪʱ˶ô๫¶Խӹܣ񹬵ˣҲ²Ⱑһװϴء
ûУڱʱԵʵıץҪǮƵ飿УǸԱңҾЩ飬񹬵˸ġ
ǵ֯ˣڷչŵҪƿ֮๫ҿǰѻĵطصĺãҪ룡
񣬳Ȼòҵǲصĺá磬Ȼ˶֯װ֮ġЩʧˣô죡
ܰȻʣԣӦģǶʱ䣬һ֯ôᱻǸŮ˵أоǸŮ񹬵ˣĪĹ֪ģ񹬵Ĵڣɲһ̻֮ҿԽӴġԷ飬Һ⡣һ˵ˡ
Ȼףٴ꾡ط
ΪҪЩ̼ңֵܡЩ̼أ񹬵ȨҪΪԼ󿪷֮ţԾγһ־档Ĵ̻֮ģ񹬣Ϊ񹬴˲ƸǣջľȨϵλ߼䣬뱻õйϵߣҲǲɷֵĴڡΪǸԷŮˣܰƿҲ˵š
ܰˣڳȻǰӣ֮ǰһֱûҶԷ֣ԭǼɵν񹬣ҲβƵģǣʵǴ뱻õĹϵѹʱ䣬񹬵˺ұһֵֺദʽҸоƿңҡڶ֮䣬ֲңƿңԷ⡭
£㣬Է̣๫ڿӦЩˡڻһ߶ˣ
ޣģԺ˵
º󣬳ȻֱԹ˯ţǧ˵Ҫݱ䣬㱻еĹͷҲʣµġ
˰죬գȰջϵ˵ھǵʱ䣬Ⱥʮ壬кЩӵϵš
ԺҪܶĵõϵǵĳһ֮ģǱǺõˡ


243 

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Щǰоˣֻǻһ̸ҲչֽŵĵطȻվһ߶ȥ
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֣Ҳкֻǣ˶˵˵ĺǸиģԡ
Ȼҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Щ˵ôģ֪ģǻе̥̫󣬳ĸΧʱ򣬼׷һЩ顣
⻰Щ治ˡҲ
Ͽҵصͷ˵ļԡĻУǴС֣Ҳ׵˵ѽһбҪٿһЩ
֪ƽʱʲôģ룬ӦϸĲһʳЩʳ￴ƲΣڴ֮ģǰЩǺͱĶţӶ̥ٳɳأ
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ܼҵǸСС˼ҳ룬˼ҸģȻЩҸĻҪԶһЩ
ȻֻԶһ˵ҲǼġϾ˵ܼҵǸµˡԺҲ˳ˡһ˳ӦӵҲк֧䡭
һʱ䣬Ժĳµ⣬ô
Ϊ˼·⿴׬Ǯࡣ
ʵϣ׬ģȴ
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ͣº󣬳ȻֱԺ
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̡
쿴Ẓֻ̌ʱ۾
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ݣܰѿ첽ס֣ɹˣˮ
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иװʼҾףһεĳɹĻҪ˳Ķࡣҵġ
飬ҾܵġȻ죬һɾ͸Ҳûаʧܡ


244 ֢

ܰѹЦţҲġ
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ܰˬ죬ŴҪʮ棬С¶ǡǰ׬ǮȻǸźӻġ
Ȼʼָͷ˵ģԶһ·̱Եɽȫ˵ҲǼĳˡ󿴣ǵķչ϶ġһǵӣ⾩ǻнǶ̫ˡȥתľ档
Ͷ룬иɫϵе̶Ͷȥǳµ꿪ʼͶʼ룬Ҳܶġ
Ͼ󻧽ʱ򣬴ز١
һ׬СͷĵطͶ롣ֻҪǰ£Ҳٹ
Сǵĵطһ±ɽõġǿɲǵĵطǶĹ滮н裬ǵùһصĲܽɡҪģһǱ߶Ϊؽһȼɽׯһȼɽׯͷǵúʱ¶°⹤С߶գǵδء
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Ȼɫ÷￴һֱصʺͺǵ飬Ҳ
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뵽Сӿɰģ̶Լش÷𵽲С
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Ȼͷһ㿴ǣ²µġ
ôһ÷Ͻ̧ͷ۾Ŀȫ޴ĺܡ
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÷ҪȫĶʲô˽Ӵʲô£Ҫҿˡ


245 λ˼

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벻ܰķӦ˵Ĵһֱ֪үǸˡ
ﲻ취ĹүĽǱӳȥǱܰ߳š
ɺܾãܰĹϵǲһġ
һֱΪԼүģǸĴڡ
ǽʵȴ֤Ĵڡ
ЩͼܰϴŮˣûʲôͬ
飬ĹذֻǸгȻģͬǼ澳Ůˡ
һ˸ˡܰ⻰׵ķ˺롣
ļ޸ܰС檣ͨ˵뷨ķˡ
ͬū澣ΪʲôȻүĴҲУҿǴСүһ𳤴İҲǿңҷүطģͺһ㱻ĶӷүӴԺүͺһҲģүҵģҵˣСҾ϶ҵˡҲϿ˵¶ƾʲôҪĶ˵óأǲʣҲ壬Ȼܰһ֪Ҹ첻õĴʲô
ĨȥϵͣݺݵŲ
ԶȻüһУһ仰Ҳû˵
ǻźӣĲסĽ
澣ʹˣð㿴ôҪүշһĺ˼ҵŮĳ˰ôأҲҿүǸ˶Ҫӣ㻹ÿȥ
˵ˣʶԼ˵Ĳԡôء
ס죬ĵȻ߻ڳѹûղ˵Ļ
̡
ʱĳȻ˼ţλ˼Ǻôأ
÷ŷˣһɷһЩɣȴһҸоѾͷҪˡ
˷һᵽҪս۾Ź⡣
̣ɰ÷￴ˡ
һ뵽пܻסİѱҲ˷ȫѪҺڰּսӡ
̡
ҴٵĻӦ˺󣬻ȥԸ
ݺ󣬿ͭԼϵ̧࣬־ͺɿ˼
ֱ׵ˣ̧ͷЦȥ
ŵ˿㣬һѾͷǣ
ޣ壬ͱˣȥ湺ҩȥ
⣿ү˵ˣ첻ҳȥҲð찡
̧ͷǰߺ׵Ŀµһ¶ڹСϵģɷˡһˣ⣬Ҳ߯˵㡣


246 

ҵЦЦ壬ֻǳȥõҩ㿴ܼҲô꣬Ѳɻںܼҵ¶ɣ
ҲǣѾͷǱԼడ˵үҲǴСһ𳤴˶ﵱ˳ţˣٵΪɡ
Ժ¶Щ˲֪Ժү飬ҲǳȻ÷֪
ǾͶлˡл󣬱Ť˳ȥ
ķѾĽŲ̾⾿ǵ˭ҼҵģһָĲãԺôӴ
ڸĻźӰЦҲϽȥ
ǰĺ˵ﹺЩҩ󣬱һҸɻȥ
ӪĸɻԶҲõĺܡ
ȥĻһֻǽһ񣬺ȥ
һٳʱ㿴һЩªıһų
ź⣬ٱʱڻ
ǣȻû赲˵Ŀ͡˶䣬ŤԶˡ
Ǳ֣ƨߵߵȥ
÷ţ˵ĵط󣬳֣һӿȥһװٰڵϿһ١
ߡ
ƴѹʱֻһҵĹӰ
ЩӰƮƮȥڿвϵĽε
﷢žһ

ಡ
໡

ۡ
ֵƴŵļвϡ
ҪҪүҰûܹڹѸСŶûͷСŮ㲻߰ûͷСӵıˣҲĿء
ĳȻԶԣƴɫǵʱ򣬻˼ҵû޵ĹŮƯĹѸȻڣҲ֪ôġ
Ϊ׵ļˣƤӰϵȥϹ߻⣬ԵķӰ죬Уйĸо
ǻƴ޳ֱӾŵ˵ڵ˿ӡ
ߴˣȻʾ⻨԰Ѹˡ
жԹԹ֮ˣСѸ㡣ڣһʵĻᣬƽĶȫ˵⼸캦¶˵ῼΪ㻹
ǣүȫȫأꡭ
ƴʱֻ˵Уȴֲһ䡣Ӿ˵գ˵ġ
úã룬Ŷڽ죬һΪңǡ
˭ҪҲЩˡû뵽ƴȻôɴ˵
˵ð
ģѾͷǰʱ䣬ͻȻϳǰСʱһѾͷĽ㰡ҵϲŮˡϧ˼ҳˡ
û뵽⼸겻СѾͷҲ˵ıšѾͷľĲô˵˶ôã뱨һԼˣΪŪһЩСҩ
ңȥٸ״٣˵ܸСΪȾߣܸ˰ڸ߶ңⲻţôõĺ¶ͷϣ⹦ͣҲð
ºŲˣѾͷΪҺãôԼȥ⹦ͰҪ֪żߣܵõġ
ºζ뵽ǰʱ˵Ҫҩ¶飬Ůǹ˼ҵĺŪа˵šѽү֪ŮǸĸζ
ƽʱֻŮˣҲûҶְôٵ¶ԥأңڲȥˣүĹҰɡ
ЩĥȻǺڸ
Сҩȥ٣͵ߵĵطѺ𡭡
Ů˺úݵģǲһеҪ
ȻҲڵܼˮ
廨ʹ˸񣬼߳ȥ
⣬ܰįӰУůģǴʱȫɢ壬ȴóȻ˸

࣬ܰͷĴ΢еһУʾļܡ
ȻȻ顭ȥա
޸˰ɣʱţ˸á
Ҫӣôܰ˵ǸرŮˣ˭ҶӣҪ˭
ţȻȻ֪ô
ʱĺŻžǾţŤŤȥ񣬿Ʋס˳
ʵ⺢ôãҲиġ
ء˵ľﹰ˹žžવĵ
̵ˮСһϣ˱ˣĴ۾źղûп޳
СС㣬Բһ̫˽ˣǣҺҺǸŮˣͬѾͷƾʲôܵõҸҲܵõҪˣֻҪǶˣŻ֪ʹķεζ
ԭʵ뷨
һ𣬺ŵתͨڵϡϿͷүү
˵ǰֻһ˶ĺ˵Ļһ˭أǵôСʱ㣬ĺܡ
үᣬôҲֻǰܸʱżС
ÿү˵ͻ졣
ү㡭þû˵ˣᣬع¡
һ̣вүôתءʮ飬ҲȫûġֻǣĻ𣬿»ΪԶĻˡ
ʱΪү˵ҵĲǣǵúȻѵ㣬㻹Ҫվһ߶ǻΪڵˣԼƤӻġڸѾͷҲûάСҰ
Щĺǲϵع䡣үԸһֱš
һ㲻ǡˡزȥˡ
תܰߡӽСӱߡȥʱ۵ؿƺ֪ԼҪԶλչ˹˶壬ϵҡΣǳһ߶ţǻزȥˡǻزȥˡ
ȥҹǸƴѾӦΪ檡ԺҪôţԼ¶
ܰƵĻԶ̱ڵء
¶飬ƴδǺǡһߵô
֮ǰһ˿룬ôܰ˵ƴֺ󣬱㳹׵뷨
ƴˣҸġΪңһƯС檡£Сŵʱ򣬽˲ٵӡǧ
ôӣһĻѽ
Ϊô檷ãλµСְֺ
ţϣС˭˷ǵء˵檣ǲòˣүҪ


247 

ԭƴû˵˵б۾ģţϾǲţΪԼˣΪ˺ǣˣѼĳȥһļˣ
ˣ¹򡣡
ţС뷿ĵһ죬ʵԼĸȨ
¹С˼㣬ҲһһŨ̵˵СǰŹڵϵϡ
żƼң㱻һãǻͽ
һߵĻƴյغȲ裬һȳѵԼ޶˼Ҳޡ
ҲǮȫСˣҪܷŹԼ鷳Сȥȱ¡
ίӲŰ죬㱻Ūȫۻζģһ춼̺СЩҲŲ˳ֱۣһȭͷһŨ̵ĺ
òװϣֶΰĵĴõԺҲʡĵ㲻ǡȻû뵽ǣĥȣǾСư
ٵϣ֪ªĻƴ޷˵ˣֻǿ׼ǿѹĵĲһ£㱻Ц
ˣ㺦ұͷҲ˵ˣӴԺͷүɡ
ʧصַ̾á
Ǹȴıָҿһ
̲һŵѪϣûһԡ˵ˣֻúЦԭǵ
ǽһУԹ˭
˺飬Ȼ˿
ϵĶϸؿˣն϶ֻһЩܵºӹĶ
ֻҪ֢ҩˣȬ
ΪˣȻλ򵱳ԼǵרְΪλȻλСӣ˵ҵλ¶ҲһԵ֡
֪ǱˣĺüλҲԭ򡣾ڳȻҪץʱһҽ󣬿ڳԼר֢ʮСǰι
ǲŵģŷԵ뷨Ȼ˰Ѻǵݵǰ
룬˴ҨһҩۣҩˮһϴأЧ
ȻС˵ĵģȻԣȷⶫк󣬲Űӷһˮԡ
ϵĺˣˮˮʱ֪ǸСȷʵǸбµġ
ܸһԺӣԳȥҲԱߵԺ￪
𣬳ȻûᣬȴһСĶ
Ҫ֪ھǵĵض޵濴ǼķѲġһ˳ɽΪľƴλʦ֣ʦõǰ¶λṩ˱
ãҩӣ𣿡С򲻺˼ˣ󣬲һҲ԰ƽضελãܲ޵Ǯ
ҽԵԺҼи۵ģͶĵ㡣ģͲٸˡҿ㣬㣬⾩Ϊ򡣡
ȻᶨۣС򼤶ˡȻ˸лˡ
ˣʱһ֪ٹмˣϲģĪڱͬԼļСִҽȻУȸǮƣϲ
ΪպҲһֱܼҵС
µܰ뿪ĵ쿪ŵģһȻҲر˻ϣĴӹ͵زμĿҵʽ
ȻûԲΰҲġ
ʱ䲢˵Ҳ¶һء
ųȻ˵һĻ
˵ʱ̾һ
ҿѵõǰֲ¶䡣˵ģҵĳʳһֱһζǲʺҳԵġ
ҽ֤ʵֻҪټȥ̥ᷢĹݣңѿ飬ʵĿ¡
ȻԾģֻ˵ɿеж༤ҡ
ñ尡
ŶӣܼǿصͷǰΪҸеĺұЩԡҪ룬ҵĺҲΪû˱Ķ󡣡
ԼĺӣȻԼһ㣬˭
뿪ʱɬ
ϴΡΪ൱ϲ㲻֪ҹһֱ§ңƵġº󣬸ΪרŻһŶӵĻ񡭡ܼҵģԺ㻹ΪҶ·źá
ȻЦˣֱЦЦЦҾšˡ
ǣҲЦءãС˲ܺˣԺΪһЩȤ·ͻϰ
û˵ȥΪߺһ۱ҲƵ뿪ˡ
ΪԵҲдԻµע⡣
ˣ֪λܼ̣³
ˣȻֺõġ
ҪʼйˣҲʼܼһ¹
ټϳȻĵ·ԭеʽϣּһЩӱ幦һ棬ȫһġһ̵ĵһ죬Ȼֳɵ·ȫ˳ȥ
̣Щ·׿һзãǾ׬ĿҲʾˡ˵ļʽͦ򵥵ġҴҲʮˣûô򵥵ĵļ㷽ʽ
ǳȻеĳµĻƣҲԺ󾩳ܻơ
ΪǰͶļ㷽ʽ޸У˺֮ǩЭ飬ǳϵļ㷽ʽѵ˲ţǩԼһӣҲͻ̶ܼҵ̵ƣǴҲΪ֣͵ӡ
Ϊ˫⣬ԺǺġϾȻĸǴġ
ţúøɣԺǵˣ϶б֮ġỵ̈ҲСѧǵļ㷽ʽǵѵԺɾ͵鷳ˡ
̻ͽܣȻɢʦȻ˾Ӷߵġ
ʵ˿Ȼ˹
ΪǳŹģһε⣬û̸۸񡣽ȻûдۡǸЩٶ·Ҳʹˡ
һܶҲǼ˷ڴġϾԼʽֵڴ
ûߣǺǫ˳Ȼйڸ¶
̣Ҳ̤ʵҪµġֻǣһصˣɶģһֱͲ͸ܲܡ
˼ͷָ¶ͣҲǹԵġ
ȻȻϽе̵Ļƣ죬ԼСɵȵȣȫҽóŽǿҵҰѸ¶Ƕռһ¡
˶ȫˣȻ㿪ʼνĸ
ӭǳϰٻ꣬Ŵҽǵ̣иɾҲлġйڴǿܲǺ죬ҾΪռһƳְƶȣȫҸĻȵһ͡
̨ѩˣȻ̾˾ǵһǸɻǮɶҲûˡ


248 ͷ

ں̸ܶɻǸһ꣬һĹǮܶʱһ׵ʱŽġҲġҵ½ǵĹǮףҲһսĽȻһսĽɾ͵ÿһ괴Ƕ١λûҴ棬ҲһֱǮΪǷǲǣ
ɶЦɲôɵģҪĸˣȫ¶˸ء̣ǻᾡġ
ţ֪ǻᾡǵĸһ㡣кܶ࣬磬գµˣûʱλְڼ䣬ΪǵĹ˺ˣ̻˰ķһ󲿷ֵƽ𡣹ˣЩҶôڻгһϸıƶȳܽǵĺ֮ǡƶȡһǿܲôסҲһˡ
Ƴһƶȣǳϵֻ̣ҪǩԼͿΪϱաʲôϱأϱգʵԺ󣬿õһʺܲĹǮһʹǮƽʱÿ棬ǵĹǮ۳һֳٲǹǮĶġȻҲ˵ԸҪϱյˣһⲿǮȫĹǮ档ǣҶⲹϱսǾûඡʱ¼һ£˭ԸϱսģԸģǩԼʱǼһ¡
ϾǶˣܿ׹
١̣˵ϱƶȣźܺðǣǵĹǮ棬ֻǿۼٵһֵǮԺԶķǡһ۳ʮӡݺ̾͵øһıշãʮ㲻Ǻܿģ
˱һͣҲˡ
Ǻǣȶǵ˼ǿԹ̶šȻԺǵǩֳԼģԸ⣬ǵ̿˲аֻҪһĸɣǵ̵ԼҵԺǵıϻơкʵѡԽģǵҲȿǽǵˡţĿǰǵ̵ƶȾˡ
ԣղŻ˵ȫҸ¶ɶƤѡ
ȻһЦӴǸһȫҸأʵܼ򵥰ÿ꣬ǵ̻ʣ⼸ֵĺõĻǣȥһˣȻʷãҲǺ˼ƺȥġ磬ȥˣǿԸȫҸʽʮģɱҪ̫ˣȫҼʮٿ˵Ĵ壬ҿɸġ
һɰֺǵġ
ڳĻǣôౣϸȫĶѡ
зӦģ߶š˻бϣ󣬻ܴűһ飬ôоϵڱһأƽʱĹǮ귢·Ҫģ⹤ǮĿǰ̸õļ۸Ȼȱõ١۳ϱս𣬻ܷʵ׿ϱսǵĹǮҲͱ˵һˡ⡭⡭᲻
ôʵˣɰѳȻжİִ˻
϶ᣬ˼ҿ϶ģǴϰ壬öһЩǮС
ŴܴӣûȾǺð
ֻҪΪҴƸʲôĶ⡣Ϊǵǰ;ͰɡŶˣݵʱвŮҲƼŽǵĵ̵ģ֮һ仰ϣǳϵ̣ߵԽԽԶǲŬܿŪƲˣǿɾûˡ
Ȼ̯֣Լ棬˵һͷǷ͵¶
ɻúˮأ̸ʵʵǮƣĶ
һλƵˣ̣ˣҪϻŪĺã͵ŬĹСֻΪ̴˸øЩȵģзԣ´ȫҸٺ٣ʵ̰ƶȣǿ϶ִаڱǶɻ˼ҲһҪ㸶ȫľջĻûĶࡣϲԺ󣬵Ҽҡ
Ҽҡ
һںţͱ˽˳
һʱ䣬˶Ⱥܡ
δһĸǳ˸ɾ
ĻĸɾǳȻҪġ
㵱ϰ岻ҪԱļ顣
ֻȫĵظˣЩ˲ΪΪ㴴ĲƸ
˸ˣΪ㴴˲ƸٷһЩӦõõı꣬߻¶ֲΪ
ʵӻ̻ûŪ̫ãǺˣԺֺʲôģһ˻ġ
ִ͹ŴģȻһӸЩ̫ͷһӸ̫࣬˲˼ȡ󣬸ǱӦЧɾͲһˡ
ϰҪģǹˡھڹ˷淢á
һϵеĸ̵Ļǣһ˷ܵԵΪҰ
Ҫ£һ˭άҪձѣӼһŽһ£ȫӹˡ
һʱ䣬Ѱ鷳ˣȫ֪ˣ¼̵ˣǡ
ȤģΪҶڵ£ҲΪĿһµԭ򣬵̵ˣҲǰŽѺá
˭˭Ҫ۸һߺȣһȫܳȥˡ
񣬻иɾ죬Žụ
һУȫﵽ˳ȻҪĿġ
ڵ̣ƶҲбҪʵġ
ͷЩò
óȻЦǣΪһƵ԰߳ȥȻӣ˶ͦǽһֱ
ǲ֪ǳ¼ӻ̵˳ȥö˶ĽءΪбϻưϱհһ˹ǮԺɶҲûˡءٺ٣ɾƶȺãԺҲ԰һ˽ӳȥһءøھӵĶĽһ̣֪֪Ǹ㵱ˣҲǰ;ġ˭˵ûǰ;̼Ҿǲһġ
Ѿͷ˵Щһĺ⡣۾Ļ۶
Ȼ۵ˡѾͷúøŰɡǸͷˣֻҪǸɵĺãҶءԺ󰡣ǵ̵¶͵ýءҲһֱ޾ϸعǲ
⣬Ĵ˵ʱ򣬲ϰ壬ǻƣҪϵصԼ
Ȼʱ͵ʱصԼת͵˦ֵϰˡ
ڵСʱΪ
ڵһģʱ͵ѧ
˲ԣҲ߲Զġ
Ϊ˳ãȻѧ˷Ȩ
һʼĳЩЧȥȥԼ⡣
ڸźĸ󣬸ǽǵĺ֮ǡ˫Ӯľ棬˭Ըأ
ŵ̷չĺˣ¥гµ꣬ԼŮ˻½ؿȻҲʱźȥǿȥˡ


249 Ťһ

ɶϽ׼һ£⼸ͳʱȥ߽ˡ
ɶһ۾ˡ
̡ȥ׼
Ѿͷ˷ܵıӰȻƶˣôоѾͷһҪ˷أ˼˭ףɶѽŮʱɶҸء
ݦ֮ǰ鷳Ȼʱ̽ţʱصĸѾͷˡ
Ҫһ˼ڣ˼ˣǵÿȥ
žһˣôĺӣѧ˵·ʱ
˵ССһڿиԵԸˡ
ǸļһֻҪһѵĻľľͷС֮ģͷ졣
ҳȻлˣƺϲ֡
СӴﵽʲô̶ȣ
ľͷľϿ̵֣Сһ˼Ȼ˼غؿ
ţţ
ôСĺ׵ָľϵ֣ȻˣŰԭžҺġ
˶󣬳Ȼһȥ𣬰Ļľȫ̻֡ҪǼĿ֡
Ǻĳˣ䵱ŵĿɴʦ
ԭСִҲôϲӵġԴָ󣬶СӣȻĲˡ
Ű֣Ǹʵĺӡ
ɾͲһ˰
֪Ǽ̳˭츳ѾͷǸƤʵġ
ס˭һ
˼ŶڶľأСһСƺ«һҲԼſߣСȶһⲻĸ硣
ǣСֻɢŲһСƨɣǷֶ
򡭡
Ҳңŭˡ
ֱӴ
ţίͣźвŮԭһ߶ŲŲ
һ£ŭˡ㻹ңСİɡ
㲻ңҾһֱ򣬴֪ĴΪֹ
ء
߲Уҧѹ
Ŷôѹڵϴ
ôõƢ㶼۸ˣҲǰɣҪսǾͿ¡
ŷܹϣצһ죬žͷٺݺһ߬
ľǽһ۰
ۡ
Ŀ㻹۸ҡĻңߣ㣬ҿ㣬ҪÿıС
úˣž¶ˣƲ죬ɵɵĶ֡
ãأһ֣ҾͺûϵˮĨˣֱקסŵĸ첲ҧ
ۡ
һ£ôźͣҲ˾ô׺ݵҧ
ίŶҭؿޣһˣȻıӣҲÿްÿ޵һЩҪһֵƫˡ
ۡǺΪƽսµĽ֣ͳ˲ϵؿ֡Ŀǽһһ춯ûĳȻ÷Ͻܡ
÷һŻŤһŵСڣǸŶ
ѽҵڰתӣ۾ʹأϽֿֿ
ҪֿԣһҧһҲҺߺߡ
Сܻ쵰ҧһšţһȾò˼ˡٱôһҧҲǱͣίؿŴŵķ
ȻһСӣĲ֪Сί
ǰһǻС
ǰѶӱģŹ԰Ǹ磬۸Ͳüƽˡһ
ҧָί
ٳﻳŶʱСһĵĻﹰΪëԼ󡭡Ʋ߲԰
ŶȻһлȡĹذأԺŮв
ҲҪذء
ָȣס
С֣Ĵ۾ضųȻ
ߵĳ˳飬⺢ӡ
ѻŵݵǰҲҼС
٣ԲˣҲ֪ء㻹ɪҲҵġ
СˣšģôȥЩ󷽿鰡
۸Ÿ磬ȥô죿Ժ󳤴û˸Ȣ㰡ҵĹأŮ淢չҪû˰ɣ
ŮȢңЩʲô֪ҾǰԼķʽš
ŶҲҲ
ŮںӣȻʵΰ
⺢ӣѾͷǸš
ӺˣȻԺȥ
÷ú󣬱СҲ
СҲʮͷˡСӳЩٲѹ⺢ԺķˡΪˣȻûΪСҴ
СִרΪСβ
Ҳ֪ǲȱȫеԵʣСںСִӴ󣬾Ȼؽ
һο
ţ
ԺûСõӰȻơҪ֪Сһ㲻ܵġ
ֻ֪ڼҪôǿֶŮҪôǺСִ
ŶСС㰡ҽʱ򣬿ǰԺȥܣȥСִ˰ɡʱȥǰԺִҿ˵ϻӴһˣûôš
ȻͷţģҿȥһҪнܰҲϡ
ҩҪڷţҪỵġ
ţģСܲ֪æء
ˣڷš
ԶԶģСִԺ棬һһӰڷɹҩ
ЩȫִչĲҩ
Сº棬ϵطɹЩ
һõ˿佱̧ͷСִЦ
ʶСþòԼЦȻԳһ
ͬʱҲοĽСִƺܲȻСĲεЦˡ
ףءСڰæĲкôûš
Сִ򿴼Ȼվ棬Ͻк̧˵ӹ
ţæģõô
ΪĹϵڲٺӿʲôģȫҡЩСʲôҲţȻżҲ̫᲻ôţΪ̵ԵʣЩ˻ǻŵġû⣬ǿЩӻȥʦм˻
ЩȻҲο
á
С˼䣬ȻСȥ
Сˣ̧ͷҲЦˡ޺һЦݣĳȻеɬ
СþòԽЦˡ
㡭
ڳȻڸиŵʱСȻгһ㡣һ㣬ڳ˵ʲôɶڳȻ˵¶ʹˡ
ŵؿС֣ٿ
ҽˣС֣ǲʲô¶
СЦǺǵͷʵǰҾͷʶеˡֻ̫ȷû˵ʧ̫û뵽죬гһ룬ȥĻġ
⣬ôת䣿


250 ദ

ȻϲˣСֵҽ˵˵áҪ֪Сܴ̼ȣԱյĺӣԱ֢һ֡ôһӱأǰҲû취
ʵҲûôΪҪҩġƽʱҾͺӴվһ߶¡֪ųҺʱһȥ棬ǰߣһе顣
СüͷҪ˵кβͬģǰʱҴȥһȺսеܴ̼ɡ
ᵽ¶СЩ˼
ΪСܴ̼ȣȻˡ
ܵܵ˴̼ѹ֣ѹ֣ˣ飬СҪӴ磬ҵָϣ
ȻȻʣ֮ǰСñ̫ãֻںԺĴš
Ǻ̼֮ܵģʵЩʱĳЩ飬ǵＫط
СΪε֣ŵµԱա
ˣٺúõر̼ܵ
ʵϣƣûЧٶ̼ܵСǱʶľ£̼࣬ŵѹ
ϲСõ֣ãʶǲǣ֪˭ǲǣ
ǣСֻգ۾üͷǾģóȻ³
СָϽ廰
̣һҪȫðԱôãܰǰȫģҪģؽĳɳԺĿʵġ
Сôһ˵ȻҲʶԼ̫Լˡ
εЦ˼̫ˡǣͻȻָˣ̫Щ
׵صͷģ˼ġ޲еתʱͺˡֲšԺһȥתתġ
Ȼһ˵ת뵽ȥ߽ǵ¶ǣСòеתˣһȥ߽״
һʱ䣬ЩΪˡ
ҲɵӣԲԹɫĻǺеġһصӣ֪ǡ
̿ڵʲôˣҪȥ߽ҩŲȥ¡
ǣ˵ҪȥǣȻ˷ˣֱҪףء
˼һ̧ͷ𾪵ؿѲɣҲҪȥ߽ˣ
ٺ٣ǰҽ㣬Ҫ˵ġԭһڳŰСų᲻Ӱ죬ȻҪȥ߽ǣãҲû֮ˡ
СҲЦˣͷҩСáá
С̧ͷЦЦݣɱȶųȻʱЦˡĳȻֱֹ׽أҲûôЦôԸȴЦĸĺƵġ
û̧ɻؿ
ûû¶æСִ򰡣ҼСӾͽտˡһؼȥ
ô˽Сˣо˽һ
С¶һõĽİСõ¶ˡ
һ뵽СãȻЩˡ
Ҫ֪ڵı߳ǣȫСڴ
ǰֻɴҹŵġɺΪܰ£ȻҲСųȥ̡
СװܣʼԹţ˵ôôġ
ɺ棬Ȼ뿪ʱСöϰܡ
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õǣϣ֪ǲǳȻĺãСû츳ġ
Щ棬ر
ߵʱ򣬱߳ǵĵط˵ǽ˴տ˵ǽһտġ
СҲнʮˡ
͵ĹҲʱ˵ѽ
صȻŷ¶ͦġ
ڼλСϱĸʮͼ˸
СǰҲֻ뵱һͥţƱˣĳߵŮǿˡ
УһȥǶҵú˵һٲС˼ңֻѾͷͼ޲ȥඡ
һ̣ȻԽãԼô͹ôĸءֻӵ¶ڻ⵱Ĳġ
˼Щ¶أŷİѼ˽
ȻõŶҲдʵżв˴ӰŽӴż
óȻ벻ģ滹һܰż
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ȳܰżĹԳνȻƲƲ졣أʼô
һ䣬Ȼˡ
ӣһŮûңҺܷҲ˵ɣ̸¶Һ˵ɣ־öԲӣӣô
ôѵŮϴ̸ޣܰѾҪҺû꣬У¶ó磬ϾߣԵģϾȥ߽ǡ
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ţԵģֻܣģȻеİ
˵ϾҪ뿪˵ֱʰʼߡ
ʵȻǵ̫ˣ·˼ֻźĴ˯
ڰ羰һȤ˭ĺá
Сִദ죬ҲġǳȻ˵Եù¼ࡣ
һ·ϣڣֵĽԼģҲͿ𼸷ż
һβ𿪵ģСõš
Сû˵ģ˵⻹Уû̫顣
ĩ˵˳ĸɶˡ
ףɶӣĸɶӣС
Ȼſţ㲻ͬζ
һ˵СǲԹôġ
ǽ죬ƺĻҪԼ˵ѵ˵ͳĸɶʲôϸ
ĸɶӣ
Ȼ̧ͷ÷
ҶԳĸɶӣ˽٣
ĸɶӰ˵󣬼ǵǸΪСһǰЩΪĹϵ˲ٵ⡣Ҳ̫ãСһ£ǹǸģе㲡˶˵ȢһˣûΪһӰŮء
˵İ
һ˵ǳ˵ģȻüšˡ
ҪСÿһõģ⵱ĵȻóȫ
ڿ˼ǸȢ׵ġ
ɲôá꣬ܰ飬ѵ˵Сǿŵ꣬Լܰ飬ѧģ
һ룬ȻĶ˹ӵװ
ܰ飬ڿСҲ
ˣȻȫֻοԼ⿪ʼǼٵģģԸСòôɵɵĺһˣԺ󡭡СҶõһС
õ¶ҪϽˡ
˵ʲôأ


251 ׽Ū

ڿ˯ʵĺӣ̧ͷЦѯʡ
šûʲô¶˵˵ĸɶӵ¶Ǹӣаûģô
÷ϸ룬صػӦ
ΪǳĿܵ˶ǳ˵ݣǱ߳ǵ˻ʶġ֪ģԼķˡ˵˻պϡҿһأĸɶӣȻмӣġôүķ򸾡о̫һЩ
÷ﲻʶֵˣܰ鿴˵͸˵Ҳǲˡ
ΪˣȻĴµĸɶӣԼӣ̫صġ
ֻΪǴС׵ķޣԡмӡҲһ׮ɬĻɡŴ˰ģһˣ뿪Ǳʲôԭ˼Ҳܣ˵ͨ
뵽Լ常ȻҲչЩ
˼ϴǺܰ˻̤ʵˡҲίεܰһȥֹܽ³ȥˡ
ʱ˼ػ¶ա
ȵһæˣǵøϽذŽ򣬺žһء
Щ˼·ȻȻҲʼˡ
һ뵽ذŽ򣬱ϵһ˼ң־Щꡣ
ԵĶǲģܼҵıˣǲ
ܼңһɡˣһһ֮ԼŲҵǰôԼ顣
ŶǣȻִ˴ʵż
СӣҲ֪ôˣ
һǸϱ飬ӦøһʵĽѵ˰ɡ
ʵţȻû̫ĻҪ˵޷ǾϵһЩ¶
ԼһЩ滮뷨оǼһаõĻ
Ǵż
һѰּ֪Ƕдֶ
Сӣֵˡ
ţҲû˵̫顣˴ʾû׵顣ǼҪˡһҲСˣǴһֱ˵ףֻ»ᱻȥ
⵹Ҳǰû£ֵܽõģ޷˵¶ʵ£ҲץˡҲ֪Сӻ᲻Ҹõģ
һѵļﷳ¶Ȼ֣һ˼ңҪϽȥźð
ܰҲжʱˣҲ֪˽ô
ţȻ硣˯أȴдɱ
ôˣ
Ȼʶ§˻ĺӡ
һڰವش˳
顭
ֻ˲䣬˱ڳȻŴ˵ʱײˣ˾Ǩô
벻һﻹû뿪Ȼ׷ɱҲ֪ĸǧġ
ȻĵһӦǴˣôҲþȰ
ôأˣɱ˲գ۵ء
û취ˣȻֻΪص˾Ǩݻױ
÷ŵ̱ȻŵİԼ·˾ǨϣһЩ֬Ϊ˾Ǩױ֪Ҫ֧ˡ
˾ǨܿǿסʹҪ³
°ɣģһᱣסģֻҡ
Ȼ˵ţ
˾ǨɵɵĿʲô
㻯ױأסһ鿴һҪУҪһֵӡΪڵݣŮˣһСѾͷ
˾Ǩ˳飬õһλӣȻҪױɵСŮˡ
ûأȻ׺ݵһۡӣĸҪȻ˵˵⣬Щɺͱȫȣȫǳ
Ůˣż첻Ȼ˵Ĵ³
ɲ֪ôģ˾ǨģȻƽΪԼݣױֱҲճˣ˾Ǩ˿
Ůأڲˡ
ȻѾһգԼҲŻˡ
谡û뵽Ů˵󣬻޲ɷﰡǡ۾бе㳤о̫Щ
ĬĬŤͷ˾ǨԼⲻ϶ǳȻһֵŮˣϹġ
ûһǰ·Щȫأӡ
һ·ϵгˣȫǸŭԡ
Ȼ˾ǨžԼŶȥΨһΪ˾Ǩģ˳ء
Ҳ֪ǲ˾Ǩһױ̫ƯЩڼʱȺ˾ȻҪ͡
˾ǨҪ𣬳ȻϽչλүźӵ˼ң·¶ͨһǹȥ˰աӣλүȥȲȥ
ǼҲֵģҵһˡһˣȫһȺŮˣϣСģ⼸˵˵ӣͷһ֣ˡ
û뵽ô˳˾Ǩžη
ǽСģǶ˼̲ˡ
ܵԶˣȻָϽ˸ųһȺˣһԱĳһ߽ǳ
ȣλˣ֪λСѾͷԸԱȱһͨѾͷѾͷǸ˶Աҡ
˳λԱ⣬һֱ˾ǨӣҪɫожɫˡ
˾ǨӴͲûɫˮʱ˵ĲϵصߺӣͲûڵļīˮ
ȻǿסЦ⣬װ
˵λСѾͷûء
Աĸˣû˰Ǻ¶¶ԱҾϲû˵СѾͷ
˾Ķ̌ͷ׺ݵص⵨ʵĸһۡٸ׽Ūߺߣɱˡ
Ҳ̫Ȼֿһ
СѾͷǼңе⡣ʱ˵ģȻԼǲøĻ¡԰ûˣʲôģҲԼԸСԱ⣬ѲɣкõѡҪܸҼѾͷ
Աĸˡһӣһӵ̬԰ԱҲ˵ôҸһͨѾͷСģģʵǲ磬ʹԱңȢͨѾͷȻ̵ĺãԱһġ
ˣ߿Լȸë治һĿ
ȻͲûЦ
÷һֱź
λԱү㿴еǸء˾ǨʱľͲû۾ɱ˳Ȼ
ԱⰡԭǿҼѾͷأôİɣҰʣԸ޸λԱү˼ҿҪ̫̫ءôõϲ¶ɡ
˾ǨһһֵҧҲԸ⣡
ٰͷһŤݺݵһΪԱү
ͷһҴһٸǰ˵ȢҵĻͷֵȥ
ԱһֵСô˵˵ĳ尡
෴ģһġ
һ˫۾ܷųҰǰĹâ


252 

ѽҾû˰֪ǸиԵġû뵽Ȼ˵ζԱүϲ
ĩֳųȻһ䡣
λˣ㿪۰ɣѾͷҪ˵ġԸʺܴɽˡ
ȻϣŰ
˾Ǩֱһֱ֮Ӱ߷⣬˼ҵӣԼ䵱

ȻЦǰ˺
˾Ǩû뵽ԸȢ㰡ãҲõĻˡȻ˼ԱүǺЩɺôҲ硣ҲǴպϵġȢһѾͷ̫̫õϲ¶
졭
˾Ǩһӣ棬λϺȵԱү
˳˾ǨֵǰһȺСȫȥٵһͷ˦һҾ۸˵񣬼ݼݵˡ
÷Цص˵Ӱ̰˭ͦЦģƵƢ
ȻϵЦݣԶճ̾һ߰գǡҺǵĵȥ
ܰʱæˡ
г˰æҪһתˡ
ԽæԽԽ˯ȥγһֲõϰߣһϣôҲæһӲ˯
ۻ˯Ǿͻ̹ĵһӡ
ǰǱĽҲûôѰԴӳͳȻദõʱ⣬Ȼһĸζͳۡ
ҵøϽѵԺֳǹܽˣҲܳˡ
ֹܰţɫءҲ֪ԼĳȥżСŮ˿ȫô
һ뵽żܰ˸
ƣСŮ˿ƿڴŰɡ
뵽Ů˴ӣȻ˵ҲеġҪħء
Ҳƣڱү˳ǷӰ˿ǻ±Ϊ
ˣǺ͵طϵ˹ͨб¶ȫȫ·
ÿһڴϣ죬ǾҲ˯ѵġ
ֱһƣ͵ĽŲص淶죬ȴķſͣһӳһŴƵġ
죬ϽǮ
ˣ˾ȻǸԼܵѾͷ֪ôģ̫ûˣ椶Ȼ̫̫ࡣ
˷ܹܵɶҲأٺ١ף̺ãզûǮˣ
Ȼ˷ܣ컹ǳ˸۶ղţһˣƺںͳ˵ʲô
ǳųǮɻسȻһˡ
ȣ˼һš¶ǰҲз԰ѹ淶̵ˣǵҵĲԣ֣صǸ
⳵򣬾ȻҰ̵ġҲû˼ᳵ򣬶ǿɶ
ڿɶǺ˵л˵Ĵ۾̺Ĵʱ˺üġ
ֺѾͷƺֳƯһ㡣ζҲˡԣ˵ز˶ͷƵģ˵ˡ
ðɣҲûֶ˼ɶأûݰ
죬ˡ
ɶһᡣ죬ŻûԺʱʰ
ǻôҲ緢ģΪලţҲҡ
ڵ죬ͷҷ꣬·Ҳ⡣˫ΪɵЬӣմ˻ҡ
챻㺬ŹذĻһʣӴůġ
ûûأɵӣæ񡣡
˵껰ŷּȫǿء
ȻζĿЦʱʱһ»ﲻֵŶ
Цԣô˵Ŷԭм鰡Ҿ˵ɶ㡭
ɶԭôΪĲðѽӣӵҲʹɶһʮ񣬻Ķӣְ죬Ϊǣء
һ٩ɶ˼ˡҲĴڵ٩Լšһʱ䣬ɶҰѾͷҲסˡ
ţǰӻΪϡΪϲ𡣡
ֺ꣬ߵؿһε죬һЦҲƵﱼˡ
СµģȻǽһиŰʵܰСѾͷܴպһ⵱Ȼ¶һԶǺ¶ۿҪɣƺʹղһˡ
һ뵽һѾͷ˫ϲܰС˸Ҳڰ̵ܰǸСˣȻ;ͷۡ
ܰһɾǸ󣬸ƺǸ̵ˡҲǸʺϹˡ
ӦҲãҲգνǵˮ©˶
˫ϲѾͷɣͦƯģҲʵϣϧ˼ҸԵĲѾͷϣ۽ءС˫ϲֻɬŸ󣬵Ҳûչ
ȻҲܲ²ĳ󸣹ҵˣҪܰãԼȥгԼƴȥˡ
ȻС˳ܰС˿
һֱ澭̵ɷչĿռ䡣Ҫ˵ôûܰ,϶Ҳû󡣺ڵģǵܰģСҲˡ
ҲĳԣҳϡΪˣȻҲûĽܰһܸɵˡǶʱ䣬񹬵ˣ⸣ҲûûģļΪ
ܰǻģԴ˵ĺġ
һѾͷۡ
Ҳֻһ㵱ūŵģ¶ģ濴ЩƯСѾͷ
ȻɨһЩȻƯСѾͷ˫ϲ⺢ӣǿɶˣŸ˰ա
˫ϲҲǰڱ߳ǵʱҵˡ
ʱЯѾͷЩԱɶ˫ϲѾͷ
ɶԴ˾ǣ˫ϲŻһľ
ѾͷƽصĻ࣬ţ˳ƯҲɡܶʱȻȫǽ˫ϲ
˫ϲҲС˰գʱؼң϶ǣ¶ʱΪһõ˼ҡ
˫ϲһɫߺ죬ֻҧŴ漲ȥ
СĿܰϽ˸ү
ܰҲǾֱȻͺǡ
һѽ§˵ıӶˡ찡֪һĻŶĳȥ
Ǹ˽Ů˵İȻ֪ʣж
žۺ󣬳ȻܰڴˣܰҲŴʣȫг
ϱûŮ˵ģԺ֮ģҲûиѾͷ档ģæҲӴŮˡУҲȥǴ򽻵ġҵĺˣֻҳϱ㡣
ȻüٺЦ๫һ𣿡
ܰǺãܴ̼ϱʹӾˡǣͣصԶֻ½Ҳ˯ˡ


253 

ϱûУҾ̫ǣԲһеġϱϴʲô簡Źֺŵġ
ŴչҪƤˣȻһƻӹȥЦŵܰ˹ʱ䲻ڣȻѧһ˵ʵ˭ģΪʲôҪ
ܰϣֵ鰡ʲôĶǿջΪ˺ϱֱܰӰѸˡ
ȣϱʱ䲻̵ķչôɶ쿴һ겻ģ֪ĸ󣬱һ취ҡ
ȻЦ꣬İѸ޵
˵Լʵͽˣôųһжأ飬ΪƤء
ҪȥĴϲ¥иԺ֮ķɷû
ܰɫûûСҲ˵Ȼʵġ˵үһвȥ⸣ضǲǲģҪ˵ȥЦȥǣϵĻؾˡ
±ֵЦҲܸϱġ
ϱԸ֪һȥ̻֮ͷá룡
ŵĺ˲˭һֻҪأ
ϱɫ࣬ܰҲ§ϱףϱˣһٹء
Ϊ¶ˣ˭֪ڶһ磬ᱳʹĳŮˣһ
ˣҿɸ㣬Ժ͸󣬳¶ٺӴԼĿŰ졣
ܰͷǣϱ˵Ķԣ˹ϵҺ˵ģǶ࿴һҲġ
ţ๫԰ȥΪȥ
СŮЦü䣬ܰȥϽϣӣΪΪڻʳء
˵꣬һߵΧȹߣ˳
ǰֻԹһٷȻ̣ԺҲûٳԵǽ죿
氡ųƹžžʵǺ˵ǲǽˣҲŲ
ųۣ˨һЦΧȹŵŲ˿
ԶĹڵð̶һζƮ⣬У硣
ڣв˵ƹ죬ĹеһУܰ
ȻģͻȻĺܡҸʲô϶˵ҸǿЦŰķζ̫ãż㰮˵ʱ򣬻᲻ԽؼӿŲؼҡ
Ҹ˶Ǯǣһģǣҵ˶һֱغһߡĻع顣
ҸǼ򵥵ΣҪֻ̫һһΡ
;ܰͣһӵζ
һ˫ִӺ§ϤСԴ󱳲䰡䡣
๫лл㡣
ллǰļңллҾúҸ
ɵϣһͺãһôԣ빴ء
ζķȻԸС
ȻתǰԶ񣬿ʪԸеĴԽصţ
ǽȻһߵϣһɨ
ҵǶͷ
ҰģӶǣȻĿѣԡ
ֱ
ܰĿǱקţһ۵洫
߲ŸϽѳȻᡣ̺Ĵˮڸǵܰ𰧺Ůզôʱ˵ܽء
Ȼ±ϣǶŮİҲ޲Сһ
Сܰһ
Сһ￩Цֶʹ

ӵĴЦ˶źӵŷ˵ζ糿á
Էʱֱܰ佱ҼҹŮԵıŻҪţǸȻñȥˡ涪˰
ʵͽĶԸԼķ˵ţ̧ͷ㶵ĿŶĵͲˣԼԸͣôǵˡ
ȻҡͷЮ˿ӲˣָŶЮһСŹԣԣǳԶ͵и˹
һᵽ˹Ȼü
ѾͷʱץŰһһеҧ
°մ⣬ȫǰ
ܰһ߶佱۹ŮԷ㣬ĽҪǼ˹ԷȻ͵óԵζУŮͿžĳԣΪóԵġ
ȻܰԴӶӹŮ˺һؿ佱ŮŹŮӣƺҲİ
ڿ佱ǲˡϲ˼Ҿǲģȥ滳ҶǼġ

佱ˣԵĸʵĴ۾ϲ̵Ķܰϵػŵ
һɰܰĸζˡ
Сһһ԰һȥ

Сİƻأһɨţˣ˵ȥ
㲻ӰȻ̲סһ䡣
ܰͷҲû̧ΪŮš
ŰӲ÷ô˵ˣȥܣʱܻô죿ǸŰɣúõ֣Ժ˹һù̡ܽ
ȻǸ
̧ͷغۣܰܰҾصƫһë㿴㣬Ů󣬾ֻžҲֻ佱ˡ۶Ҳӣ㲻Ĵڡ
ܰԷţٿȻüķӣӲڹܵô˵ˣ÷Ҳڹءкܸġ˵ˣӴС͵ϸĽ̵ǳȥ棬ԺĳɳӣӾͽˣҵö͹Ů
ãƫĻˡ
ȻҲˣˣŶͶտһɡ
ΪŶЮһӲˣܰ㲻ˡ
ҲĿָӣҾ۹ŮͶӵ̬ȣҲǰһ£룬ƫĶӡӾԺҷ㱧ָ۹Ůɢɷ㣬㱧۶ӵĴǺܶġһٷҲΪЮࡣĿǰΪֹҿΪŶЮһزˡһ糿ΪЮزˣΪţЮʮˡ
ȻˣžҧŶ滹ΪŮȡˡ
ܰǲǵָڣΪЮˣ۶ӿҲûĵģ㵹ٵëŮһЮصĲˣأӵΪֹûܹһصķ෴ģҲΪ񣬿أһֱռΪСҸϵ𣿵ŶһֱûˣҪΪЮˣһ󲻴ڡ⵱ġ
ܰü˫һӣ꣬𱬵ƢҪˡ۶ǲܳģŮС͵ý˵ˣԶҲǲҾǾŮӦöõһЩ


254 ɽҰ

ðɣŮص۰ƽĵƺ۲
Ȼӻ֣ټƽϡ
ӣؿֱ۵һ˿ǰŽһµĿ
ǺܰϽŮȻϽӡ
һ˺һһ۲ΨĻ
ȫž۵ĵһ죬ܰͺžˡ
ˣԴŮƺһжΧŮת
ȻȻҪġʱȻҲỳɣŮ㡣
ǸҲ̬ܰȣԶԹԵĺӣ۵С
Ƕ°˳裬ҲֲҲû¶Щֵķ
ֶĲˣѾͷǱϽ֡Щ֣ͻѧ
һԭʶֵˣСŵǿд£˵ʮͣѧ˺Щ֡
ϱ˼һʶֻῴĺʵһ
һ̵ĻĸɶƵġ
ƨϱǰק˰죬һƪ볤ɢģɰϱİԷģԺҲѵֶȥҪ̫̫Խţˡ
ŵڷȣѾͷǸҰëӰ
㿴͸ܡ
ס˭һ˭ܱſЦͣϧһһɣʵҲ˵ġ
磬ǰ뱧ûɣĳһ죬ΪǶӲӵСˣİĴк

Ӵ͸۵Ĳˡ
һɰѳ˸Ⱥĸ˰
§žͰͣǣ˼Сֻ˶Ҫ
һţãˡôĽգſſ϶ó԰
һߵܰŵӴϽѹŮҪһ⻨Сˣ۰찡ǣСԼĸǲ
Ǻҡģܰ˺ðľŰ
ɲ˰ɤŶһޡ
ۡۡ
Ůίܰһģ̣ܵЩλεģֲֵƯĶ§һѶȥ
СһϻأһôĺģҲˣ§һǸһ¡
ӴʱʱĻһغһ
ҼҹŮ治Сô۵㣬󣬿϶С̺һģҵϣҲǸ˶
ȻЩ佱ֱĬĬ߿
Ůصĳշ˵ˣŮһëǷǣȫǺŵ㡣ôĺãҲӦõġ
˽ǣȻ͵ù˵ҵ
һȻҲŶһȺӵ˹ء
ǵܴ󣬾ܰ˵ģûһ꣬ǻɲˡ
ҪģΪһƬй
طɾ͹˼ˡ
Ϊ˳ȻҲΪıš
˴źӵɢģһĴι䣬ȥģգȻ˾ЧһƬɽˮĵط
طôⲻԶǻɽҰġûϵй
ܰЩԥҪ֪ΪϽ찡ǽĲãô죿
๫Ӧþһ»ϣֻȼٵĵطô϶Ҫ͵µĵطǲȼ٣˶֪йôȼٷأһƬɽˮĵطٽһЩźܲᣬҪģǰѰȫλһнİԱģģεĵطǺ¶
Ȼ˵۾Ź⣬һصӡ
λϱܰ˽ģһ飬֪뷨ĬȻؿܵĵΣٿԶҰ롣
һӣ˼Ҫ滮Ϊǵĵ̣ԺڳһƬʲôطɣ
Ȼһ˦ָͷ뷨һƬĻɽҰ룬ض࣬ɽ࣬Ҳƶ֪ģһˣ˳ȥһЩ̹֮ڵģĻֵɶģ˵ġһƬٵĿҪչһƬط϶׵ĺܡҪչһƬĵضҲòٵӣ͵ÿ๫жٵˡиƻ
˵ȻҲѵõ
˵
ܰδͶ֮ģȻӶࡣ
Ϊ֪Ȼ⣬ȷġ
룬Ȼռ壬ǣչ飬ҲյļԱ
ԣ벻ҲѲΪܼ˵ʵǿıһƬطռ˰ֻҪԸģ԰š
Ժǻռ壬ٽӻʼҵ⣬ǷչԼ⡣
磬һƬطܼԼһЩɫũ֣ǻΪһСһСŵĵطǵӪȡһķá
һտܼˣΪǵǰ;ҵһµľ󡣡
ܰ۾Ź⣬ЩʡֻǣܼˣǻʵĸɻôһˣЩûĵļһ
һ뵽ܼڳȻºЩ˻侮ʯģ˵ٽܳȻܰģôҲġ
๫֪ıŤӺζᣬģԹΪ嵥λԼΪһСλСȥǼͥˡǲܸı£ֻŬȥӦѲɣıҪһܣ岻Ҫ˭ôôŲȨ˵ôǾվĸ߿ԶǼ峤Ҳÿ˵Ҫģ峤ϣҪǣ벻壬Ǽ뿪ǣǷСԡ
û˵ȥϵŵЦݣȴܰȫѪҺ
Ȼǿ㣬Ϊʲôǿӣھǿ㡣
ȻϵЦݱɳ鴤۾һɣ
ӣ˵ĵİ
ĳ˻ЦţֱӸж
ӵɽҰݴеĳŮˣʱ򷴹൱׺ݵغٺټЦ
ˣ㵱Լǳ㣬죬ǿ㣬ߺߡ
ܰһ￪أȴǵķµı顣
ӲҪСеġ
һڲݴ죬ؼҵʱ򣬳ȻֱŲˡ
صһ
ģԺҲҪˡ˵Ľۡµģ˵ľ񣬺õĲˡ
ŲԶˬԾˣߴչ΢ذæꡣ
ӣԺֱҺϲŰҡ
ȻĬĬУ˶ǰ۶ǡ
Ҫ˵ɣһƬɽҰģһȻû⣬Ҫ˵ܼ˰ڵķʵأеѡ
ҪģôܰһƬط
⾩ǣнǵȥ档
Ҫ˵ɣɽҰĵطһ˿ܲôϲ
ǣסڳXǣ뷨ǲһġ


255 е

ʱڳƾˣһԷˣѲĵطѶȥˡ
ıţȻֿʼXǰȥĵطѣٴˡ
ҪѣȻ͵ýܰĵɽСƹġ
Сӣ˵Ǹ˲ţ˵˽ҲǸ˾
Xѽ͵ˣȥϢǰȥĵطͣ¶Ī
һ񣬾Ϳ̣ܲȥֶˡûǮҲûбµˣǵһ˲Ը⽻˴򽻵ˣ
ĲԸȥȻǺ˶ܽҲϵġʵϣôܸУҲ˰ɡ
ЩĶˡ
мֱ£мֲܵģһЩһЩҲˡ
µģǿһȺΪǣȴɶҲǵĶˡ
Ŀ˵ǣ˳۶Ǹʲôġ
־˵Ựȴ㵹θڡ
ȻٺٵЦ۾һɨ
ǰʱ䣬ûҼ๫ȥ¥֮ģ˵ûУҼ๫ʲôҲ˵ģУǲдš
亹ȫվವվĵرȭͷ̣ȥȥ¶ԸһУݵרһ˰಻ã۸
һĺû̶ˡ
⣬ŵžܰ
ǰүӣ˵ү˵㣬˵㡭ҺúõΪͬ⣬ôͰҳءղţһൽеĲ°㡭
ܰ۾һᣬ󰡣ҪʵϣҲǱʵϵģǳİ
ūģ
õūţǵΪӶװ
ΪˣΡǣ˵ƺܷ
Ǻĸһʱ䣬ɾˣһԱ
һ˻һŶ
Ϊ񣬸ȻıһЩõʫʡ
º󣬸ЧҰĵطΪ̤ʵһУȻһλСӴ˸Ұģһμѻ
ЩȫǵİãҪôҲ֪ˡ̣ҿȥ˰ɣ
Ȼʰ˺üأڵĸųȻ
ŮЦģһָʹǺʹ¶
ʱһЩĪɵϣ൱ʹľС
ţȥ˫ϲ⺢Ӻˡ
ڣȻȻҪȥ˫ϲⲻΪô
һ뵽˫ϲŽ޵ǣҲԭİ¥ŮˣҴŵġ
ǣһ˫ϲԼһӣǿƲ˵
ֻǣȢһѾͷû˵
󣬿ɣ֪㲻ȢҲ븺ΣĿΪ㲻زô
ȻüһţɸȴЦŹ̧ͷųȻ
̣֪Ϊ˫ϲáûΪһοˣһأһٲˣǲҲȥĽʲôҵִ
ȻĿͻȻãʵĲ
룬еˡ
ôϲ˫ϲôǺһֻϲ㣬Ժˣ϶ôŶԵһŮˣˣô
ҲˣĻƺеࡣ
Ŵ⣬ϵĮȻȻڡ
ֻǣ˫۾ȴűĹâ
˵Ļ˫ϲǸƯŮˣһҴϡ˵ĽǶһҲ෴ģһϲʱӦа뷨ҲС
ǣҲôҲȥֻΪҲȢһѾͷϱָԭǸ˳ˡΪүĲΪүҵĻʶˣվһˣһ澭̣ӵˡ
˵Цˣٿͷ
̣Զᵽһ˿ԼʵƴһǶ٣ҪһĸӵܣĻҪĶడ
һ̸⣬ǲɣǾˣָһ
̸֮ǰضҪ˽ΪϰߣãͶͶҲܴһӱŬֱΪֹ
ĹУ֪ҪܶٱҪ޷ܵô
е̸ⰮΪޣˣ׵ذˮãѿˮڵȥһΣȥϵŨ̵˵ֻҪˣͰЦţǰ˵Ŀɿڴſ£Ʒ̵ˡ
ºҽӵһ˶Ľ⡣Ϊ˶ĵû·ֻΪˣܸ㶨һ⣬û
ҵΪ⣬Ը⡣Ϊˣ˶ûƤûģûһĵµߡȴԼָûۺıûкõĿɽҪģǿԼʵһȥֻдˣĳһ죬ܰѵ곰Ц˲ڽ¡ҪˣҪģĽһУҵĻҪҪŮ˱ݣеλˣбǮȥȢһѾͷ޷һҪҲ˫ϲȥ
ΪãҲΪҺãҲԸΪ˱Ȳʹ뷨硭飡
˵꣬ȻͷųȻ̣˫ϲĸݡֻǣŭ޷쵽ԼҪҪһһҩΪҶĹڣҲԸܡ
˵꣬ת߳ӡ
ȻؿˣͻȻʵ˵˼룬ҲǺܲġ
еݺܵ΢ܵķУ޷⡣
˫ϲ˰գ󡭡ҪĵǸˡ
߳һ˫ϲʱλƯСѾͷžȴǿЦݡ
̣ллΪ˫ϲһ縣˵ģ˫ϲˣҵĸ뷨֪ˡҲףԺҲٷɵġ䲻ϸ磬ΪҲûҰҪȥ洳ֻΪغ̵ߣΪ飬λСӳˡ
˵꣬˫ϲת߳ӡ
飬˭ʺϣ֪ô˵׷һдôûУ
ӣôĸ˫ϲҶҪԴˣϽ˯
߶߶ܰһֱж˵Ҫġռ䷢չҲǼչġ
ΪˣȻûٱԹ߽Ƕˣüһ챻汼µæд輼Ҳ֪ô˵ĺá
ĳһ죬ĳСŮˣʵǲģһ󣬵Ϻһ


256 

ΪҹȣϵعȻ
һһεķȡΪΪ
һҹͲûեɣɵڶȻá
ӣϵ㣬ֵʮˡĴӶ
⻰ȻĬĬתˡ
ϲǣСãƺһĺתˡ
ԭֻǽӴͺǣԼСִġ
߽ûȻҲܰһ򡣡
ΪˣܰҲ󵱳ȻСõĺһɵɵ㶵Ĵ˺ð죬ϲ§ųȻֽС
ۼãҲϵˡ
֪֮ǰֻܳȻнʱж䣬Ľ
ڿɺãСҲˡ
ֻǣܰûеõȻĻӦ
㿴ȻˮſϿСɵɵЦ
۾һһŵᣬֺǺǵЦᡣ
⣬ϣһ̵Ȼ
ܰ˼һ§ӣǵСãֻˡ
ůĻȻ࣬Ĩȥ۽ǵˮ
ŰǼҵСãֻأң˷ܵĶˡ
СþִٲվڲԶֵ̿۾Ȼֿܰ
ǲ飬óȻϽᡣ
ǰűӳ˳顣
Сˡһ͸һһͽ򣬽Ҳ̤ʵࡣ
СͷǴģЦˡ
㣬ԺҶһЩ㣬ֻнһˣԺöҡ
ȻסͷܰʲôСãǵǰ¶ˣ
Сһ߶ؽ͡
ټʦ˵е˾ĳЩƬ̫ʹ࣬ӱЩõĻ룬СھʵǲãЩõĻ䣬õôΪʲôҪЩ˺أ
Сִ⻰ĳȻƵƵͷԵģСȣ㲻ֹһ㣬㻹һ㡣Ϊǰʱûʱ㣬ûˣⲻԹģԺٿˡ
ô۰СһȢһ𣬿϶ľ¡
Сԭֲ̿ϣЩЦݡ
Ŷİ
СôŪЩҩСҼҵģʶЩҩŪ϶ҩζء
ǣСҪȥСȴִֵĵؿ㣬ϲҩִһѧҽ򣬿ô
ȻˣСһת˶תˡ
ǰС뵱ҹ㣬ʵǰ˵ڶȻ
Сڿ˵ҪһŮǿˣҪڶȻһȴֻ뵱򡭡
С־ִٲˣȻϽӦ£ɳɣҼСôžôš㲻㣬ֻǣ⵱򣬺ҪǵҲܶ࣬ҩ֮ģҲҪϺþã㡭Ҫ
򣬲ִĴиֻ鵥ݡŴҪйӲı¡
ţ⼸ȫλ׼ȷΪ˼жϲ飬ٶ֢ҩš
СǰȻҲʶЩֶѧҽȻЩõûٹ򰡡
ܰǿĿһקһִ򣬡ǾСִˡ
СִЩܳϽͷãʵСʱһֱڰæʶҩģмҩ֮ģٶһҵԣûô١Ҫ˵ŮҲǼ١СҽЧʱѧſһЩŮ˵Ĳ֮ģ˵Ҳࡣ
ŴŮбԿʲôģʱ˵ĲһĴҲˡ
ڵһλҽ׿ŮǼġ
ϧŮ˲ȷʵ̫ˡ
ҽտŮ򣬸ٵĿ
ִԼһλɫŮԺҲǹһ
죬Ȼ˰㰸˸ʽİʦʽ
ʵȻûҪŪô¡صġŪˣΪġСִı飬ܾãСλСִƺͬ
Ҫ˵λСִôۡǰ֪ģСִ֮Լ=еҪͷأΪʦõǰ԰ڡ
СźãΪܵ˺
ԣ¡صİʦʽҲʹ
һ¡أҲ֪ʦͽѶģҪˡ
СؽһʦִԴʱ۵Цˡ
ϲķĴ۾㽣Ҳϣ
Ȼº̾˺üء
ӣΪС̫ˡʵЩҪ˵ˣ㿼ǵҲЩСʮ갡Ů£ءСִҿҲȷʵǰõɺӿûҪı⡣
Ȼûش֣֪ʲôΪСִɺӿҲŵĵİ
Ҷǰ㿴Сã֮ǰ˭ûӦԴСִĲ̺⺢Ӿʲô¶ҲȥҾáͰСֵԼءƫƫСֶֻǵӣԼͽܡҿǵһͽܣҲ˷ءˣһʼûһϣҼСһֱչȥµһοء
ģһãһãΨԼ⵱๫ĸо
ܰ۾һתԴﹰȥеζĺɶڷͣܰ§ӡϱ
˻ƵģĽĳȻһ¡๫ȥȥ
ֻǣûļѾ·㱻ܰקϡ
ӣһΪȥ
Ҫ
Ů˵ҪҪ
쵰
ޣҵҼˡ
һҹȻȻûȥɺǡ
ڶһ󣬳Ȼߺ޵ʾĵĲ
ǸˬˣͶ˵ǰڵطӣҪҪΪι㡣
տտ۾ȻһϽ룬Լ԰ɣҪɫιιɶء
һ뵽ǰ˳ԷܰιʳĳһιȻವغˡ
Ҳгˡ
˵оڵĵطʵǸյġ
ԶԶģСЦ㴫



ǵĽĳȻĶˡ
׼ȥСһСӶܰǰһѾ§
һ߾ŵŶȻ֣ţ
һܰĸ첲¿ɰܰίġ
㲻ϲĵġ
۾ĿܰٳȻ§Ŷ
ðɣȻû§ɣΪ˲˺˵С飬ǿŰա


257 ı

ŮˣֺܰǵıСһһ£顭
ǰķյ㱻˸׳졣û취СĶ̫͡
Ե̫Ʒˡ
ҼҾһܰˡΪʢһȥһεСһ㣬ƷСô죿Ŵ
Ȼ죬һ߹Թ׷ԵţӣôͲһأ
Ǹ˰㲻ӦƤʵһģ
ǸŮްŮͲܹԹ԰һЩ
ͷ۵ӣԸڻеʱ򣬿϶Ǳ໥͵Ϯ˵ġ
һ糿ھĻжȹܰ൱ϲӶŮߵĸо
߶Ű£ƽʱࡣ
Ϊ̽׼ٵʱ䲻࣬Գ常ʱνæŽӴΡԭܰһЩĻǽ˲ٵĹȥΪˣ˼Ҳ۵ĹǺ
๫ǷҲˣҿ常˼ලнĲʲôģȥ
ܰһӲ칤ʱȻҲòԼˡ
ܰЩΡʵһвֹǷԱмǼȫǱؽˡֻùǮ¶ġܲңǲġ
һ㣬ȻҲ
һ̶ӣǰԼ˽˵ġ˽˵ĺù
ǣŹЩ鷳
ȻǷǻģԱҲڹ๫㲻鼸˰ô࣬һЩµţ۲ȥۿһòð磬ල̣ȥ˱¶лÿٸĳ㲹áʵʵķãЩڼˣǮȻ١ԸȥһӵǮУලʵЧʵ˵Ǯ
ʵʩԼȥ룬ֻһĸ
Ȼһ飬ܰ۾һ
ӣȼȥҺ常¶˽⹤ϵ˶һЩ鼸ҳϵѡӦò
ɫҴҶȥȻЦˡ
ôһᣬȻҲΪԼ๫롣
ǷĴʼһֱغŹصİôҲöһЩ˷ֵе
ڶ죬ɳ常ѡһһλ
Ǽзʼܣº󣬷ԼǮǰ˲ٺ󣬶ܰۡ
¹涨ǲҲķӦ
ܰһκӲ֮ǰˣǵȨѹңǡֻǼһǮڣ֮ǰӣǿϡҪǣҲִȥ
ҪĹǵһаء
Ȼһȥ˸ԵŵĴº󶼻˻
һԼ˵ıǿҵĲ
֪㡣˵һָˣ㵽˳ǷǶЩʲô˼Ұϸֵ֧ڣȫ¼ڰġǮʱȥһأ㻹ôţǮȡˣ˼ҿҵӣһ飬㶥һǷĹְһõͲˣȡһӵĹǮôţһ˵㣬кǸǷˡһǲ࣬ǽڼЩҲ㹻һ˵Ŀˡ
ҪڣܰͱȥҿҲˡʱСͰˣҪҲŲ̄ҺҲûꡣߣ֪˵İ˶
һ뵽ЩҲưˡ
󣬾ôİɡĸûзģǮġ
Լܶ׽ȥһǮ֪ˡ
Ǻһ¹Ǯı䶯ôܰͳ常еµĳԱҲڵڶˡ
һγǷˡ
רŵģȡԱලԱϵطĲԱ
ɫԱһϣܰ˲ˡ
һֱŵҲˡ
ѽǺðǰҲôӷǮҺɵĻȴǼƨɲŵӰںˣһĹǮæУֻҪһأҲɷЩˣҲˣá
ϳ̾ţϵҡͷԡ
ǰӣ治˹Ӱ
ţ常ˣǻøϽѵǽ˲ųǴ滻ģôĸųǷȥҲҲۡûڹٳ̫õġ
ǵһοϹĺϳ˵ԼĻһʱ䣬ϳˡ
գգ۾˵Ӱдõǰ;㣬ôͲһأ·ߵԶˣԺͿټӾ
ˣû̫ķܶĿ꣬⺢Ӳһָٷء
ԸһˣҲԸڹٳ켣̫á㿴ڵĹٳ
ܰҡͷЦһᣬϳҲ̾ˡ
ҲգһҲҲ÷ˡҪԺٳûչţǵӣаԽԽвҲࡣԽ׬Խ࣬ҲᱻвթǾûˣҵĽ
йһ㣬ܰΪȻ
Ϊʲôᱻ˱ӣ
ʵһ㣬׬ǮȻһ顣
ģ磬ҿɽǣҲױ˵һšΪԲڷ󣬲òϿɽǲпʵ
ܰЦˣз۾˼Ժ·
ٳˣԸ⡣˵ûд׷Ҳˡ
ֻ§Լ޶СһСӡ
ǮҪ̫ࡣ
ʲôģҲ֡
ϱҲһڷôһ¿ƾԱ˵ǵӷֵļλѡһ
״ԪԼļλǨĹԱЩˣгȻֵģҲֵġ
ڣҲͬڷԱô
ֻҪԱֵĲˣһԹˡ
ͽֺĹԱǰͶʷһЩǰ;Աһ㣬ͳȻȻıϡ
ڳȻʹ˼ʹ뵽һʱҲ֮ǰ뵽ʵʩȥС
֮Щ˶ն¶ͷǣһЩ꣬һˣڽΪ޾
һУնԱ֮
񹬵Ա뵽񹬵Աܰɫ䡣
뿪ǵʱǴӦ˻ϵϲԱʱ԰ԱĻսɹ
ʵͳȻ²ģ񹬵ĻͲˡ
Щ֮ԻţǽڵĲƸ
ڻʵ۵񹬵Աĸ̽ӴֻڶȨʵϡֻΨ񹬵Ա֪
һҵ񹬵֯أ̽鵽ǵʵӺ󣬻ϱ֡
ڽֽǵĽ裬ֻһϵ񣬿ʵϣȴһֱΪӪ׼ġ
ʱʹڡ
ϡ
ǰʱɳȥϢˣҲӦûˣڣûϢ˲


258 

Ӫˣ֪Լڶ뷨ˣЩ˻᲻ı
ͷۣ൱ͷۡ
ϡ
ʱһӰڵϡ
ϼվƽϽ㱨δ
µվǻһѪ
ɫҲǲҰ׵Ľ
ػϣҲֻ˵ʱ򣬱Ӫ˷֡Щˣ˻
»ǵӪĻأֻǣֵǣƺûνĻתһһѵĿǷ˵Ĵ֮ġ
ϽӹһߵܹһۿܹתһͼȡһԱȡóĽۣͼֽһİô᣿
˾ϸĶԱãշ֣һĶ
ϣ겻˰ЩԭԴԴǮĶû뵽ȴһ̲ͭˡǵļƻ
ܹЩ۵ؿŻϣʵʵ۶ܰ˵ģҪջӪȨǼ٣ʵģһʵĲƸƿԼġ
ڣƵĶЧˣкã
룬ϲɥǹЦ
úãáһӪһЩƸֹܵңģҺΣһ̻ᣬǺҪġ˵ܰʱռĺܣ磬ϸ̸̸
ܹһܲǺֱҪ뽨̻ᣬܰء
ǣϡ
ڽǼල̵ܰѳǽ¶Ҵææؽͳ˺󣬱޶һ˾ǡ
ӻʹ󣬳Ȼ
ܰϵ緢֪ԼˣҪڿնȥˡ
֧κε顣ֻǣĪҪǣ㻹мңһݹ֮ǰĸӱáҲᷴ㣬ֻ֧㡣ֻǣҪΪϾ̣룬ǵľãҪֿĺá
֣ܰصͷӦõģȻϵȨǣ鷳ҲǱزٵġϱһ㹻ΪôԶôȫ
ܰ§ˣĹˡ
ޣܻΪȫ㵽
̻ᣬŽڵˣ⿴Ǹܼ򵥵顣
̻ᣬͼΪϷС
ԣܰԼȨΧڣΪȡȨ档
ҪҵŶӣҪó
мķ飬׵ȵȡ
ִɵͬʱ鷳ͻҲǲġ
зӽԣڵļó˽飬зǸ顣ټѡдһ鿼ʷõģǰѸĿʷϣԼһЩʣСԣ飬еطɫȵȣȫ¼顣ǲŵˣԶеĻϣҲܿ˽صס
һ飬Ȼܵ˻ϵİ
ϾҲ˽Լ֮صĵطкηϰߣ˽⣬Ǻֵز
ھףԶ֪ж
óļ˲ţǣ۽磬չЩġ˴Լ߱ɽӣټ¼ڰɲᡭǽǶôһͰ
һۺ󣬻һʥ̶ּӣЩ߷׵īǣһȥߡ㣬Ҳ˵Ŀѣ¼
ϣñ˴˶˽⣬ٰi˫
һóȻò̾ʵ۰伫
ڰʵʩͬʱֽԼ˾ѡΪ˺һ·໥ôҲñ˴һ
Ҫ˳Է˸ҳûԶӴЩˣһ·ϵбģ˵Ƕ
ǺܰڳţΪīҪ׫дһʷѸٵ׳󣬲
ΪˣȻҲò̾ܰ˰ɣѧЩƵġ
ҲһǵĺӣҲһС¡
˼ǹ󣬳Ȼһ
뷨ô̤ɽһ£ôҲԲԼΰա
Ǵźǣӻ᲻С˵㣿
ȻȥܰһҲޡΪ˺ǿǣЩǵġ
ȻЦĵ⣬žСһǴСˡҲҪˡΪ˺ǵĳɳҾһ·϶ΪŶֻţȿֿúǳ̡Ӫǲ١˵ˣ·̣㻹ô
һᣬܰҲȻˡ
ȷ·̣һأپһءгϣͻࡣĸطˣͣǲӣһȥǺЩꡣٻСһǲʶء
⶯ˣȻûǷˡ
ˣˣء
ܰһӣټҾ̵飬ʹ˾ˡ
Ҫ뿪ˣĻ¶ǱҪŪõġܼңǵûȥһˡб߳ǵĵطҲȥһ˶
ʴˣڼ뿪֮ǰּܰҪһˡ
һ㣬ʵҲģ׼ˡ
񹬵¶Ҫ˸ҸɣøɣмĸɡԣҪܰίشΡ
ֻҪĺˣԺ̶ӲչĿ٣񹬵ܱ
֪ģ񹬵̶ӣҲ׼С
ܹܣ㿴ⱾֵܰѧʲôƻҲһжֵܰ
룬ЦӦУɲôӦֵĵš¹ôţʵλܰҲǸõģϽġ룬Ӫ˲˵ӪǸŮͷ찡Ůˣôܸɣܺܰȣ
ʵҡͷˣ£һֱŮ˵ʵ֪ģλܰȻҲвŻˡǣʵвŻˣǸŮ˰
һ̧ͷؿɻʵȴĪ
ǵãǵĿôǻϿһ򰡡˿ĸգһͳɽⱳ󡭡ΪǵĿﰡ
һ㣬ܹҲˡɲô꿪ǾһŮ˰
ǺΪֵ飬ʧֻ£棬һǱزٵġκΣ淢顭
ҵ֪ģλܰķˣҲλصŮˡʼֻܰͨѾͷԴ֮ͨ󣬱һӳɳоǻ˸һġŮӣҴһֱصĴڡר˵飬󾪺ط֣Ȼҿ֮䣬ž˵Ƶ㡣
ǶܵĴ˺ʱ㷢شĸı䡣
Ѻܻˡ˵һЩĻ
˼ǱǺܶȽ˲١
£˼뻹µļıȵȣܶ˻Ҫḻʣǿۣ⿴мʶ֮ģΰ쵽ģ


259 аЦ

ǰʲ֮˵ʵӣ޲òŰϣȷʵЩ޷õ͵ͨĴڡ
ܹľУϣ˵ǳȻĪɣ
ֻ֣˵ܣҲֻıĴڣŻˡ
ɨһۣ˵˵ֻǸ̾һشת䣬ʵ˾氡˵ҲǶ֪֮˲Ż˿ʵǵת䣬ҲΪѡҿȻƿʵֻһɵˡϲϲһط㲻ãȻҲͿЩƵô
ܹͷţٰѿһЩ¼ȣҲòϣ˵ƺͳȻЩơ
ԣܹܣҰ̶ӵ齻ܰȥԲᵣʲôΪһɵŮˡŮˣڻʼңһ䣬ֻҪʩһЩǻõ󣬱ΪáԣһŮˣǵĵߣΪáһǴǵĵߣ롣
ĸ֣ŵܹܴ˸˵һôġ
һ뵽ʷصĿ¶졣
ǣڷչ׳ƺɿ԰
˵ܰҪУ׼ˣͬʱҲ䷢ȻһƷ˵ΰɡУϲǽӣ޾һС
ܹһһУǲ̫Щǹ֮Ҳһǵİ
ǳǣȻĿĵġб˵֣Ҳڴȵļ٣һƬĵطûôǣ޾Ͱ佱Ȼˡ
ܹĲⰡôоǺںȻأǸҪεĲܰô
ȻҪӻϵĻܹܻСʳɻ
ʵҲգֻյűʣѽдȥһӱʣˣĳؽ͡
̻ܰĻ᳤ʵȨ̫࣬˻ôô˵ˣԺĴˣܰĵλﵽδز˻ô
иԴΣʵ۵ģÿǵ
ʵֹܰ뵽ڻʵ۰䲼һνʱҲ뵽ˡ
죬һʥּ㱻ĵ͵ܼԺӡ
ȻӹʥּҲûܻع
һߵɶѣŸϽлּ
ֱܹܴˣȻе㷴Ӧסܰĸ첲ôΰΪʲôʵۻάһУһа常һģӵһУһ񲻾һ֮Ҳǳˣ
Թӣܰˡ
ͷҵɵӷӴֻ˵˽һСûеְǣǰ֪ģǰʱأǶеһЩҲڴȵǨưȥ֣ƣһƬһƬֹĻɽҰ֮ġ˵ǻϽһУ˵ҪһĳУ½ȫǷˣûŪãҲûʧһưܵĳô𡣡
Ȼˣҧ
ðλʵ۴ˣ޲ôͽһء飬оŹʣʵϣһôûСһΪƨšʵ̫̫̫̫ˡ
ֺܰǣɶҲסЦ
ʱе˫ϲȻҲڿˡ
̣Ҫôʵ۵ġܸɵ˶ƽȥֶѽɹܲôء
˫ϲҲ㿴ʵ۰飬Ǹ첲գ˵ʵǹҹܵĺˡߺߣѾͷƬӣʱûѵ㣬Ƥ˰ɣ
˫ϲµĲصɶ󣬡̣Ҳ˵˲˵
ʵȻҲڵĻš
ء
һصƳɶϵȾ̣ȵ׬ˣȥͶʽԼء
ʱҲһСƳеһ֮ǣԺ󻹾ʹһڲͬģ˶ǡ
ӭѶϣǳȻϲɵ¶ʱȫǶ־İٱؾͿʼѡˡ
˫ϲɶӣǺ˼һڣҪίش񡣽⼸꣬ɾǱֵʱˡ
Щˣ˲ٵĵطҲѵǵس֮ġ
ҪˣȻǿõĶϡ
ίȥģСȥѵ
ڵСã˵˺üܸɵĹ¶ġ
ʸǿԶһ棬һƬطôȥ߳ǵĺ;ǵĵطί˹ܹôȻ͵ùˡ
ıţȻЦļаĺܡʱõĻ¸㶨ˡ
һλȥԵģͰõĻ¶㶨
һܵԱĵ÷ʵҲõġǮҪ׬٣ֻҪⳡĴԲĺãǲġ
֪ܰ뷨϶ⳡӣСĻ˼СˣĲûء
ƵõˣȻ̵ʰ׼ڶźһʡס
ԽǿŽˣȻģԽķ
󣬽ܸʱһӻôô
ߺߣˮڣ㲻µ˶Ǹҳһˡɶ˰۾ǽղ֮
ϱ㲻һˡֻܰһ仰İٱ
ٹʱȻҪȥġ
㣬ҲԭܼҴ̵Ǹ
ʲôҪȥУҲȥٺ٣ۼСڳĿϲˡҾͰѶӴȥǴҪ㣬Ҳһء
һҪȥȻҲסˡ
㣬㿼Ҫ𣿱Ͼ⺢ܼŹϸġ
ȻĵسŴ⡣
ǶСӵСžء
µģ㵱Ҳ˸ַܼҪϻȥҲͬ⣬ϵĳɣۼСǾǵ˵һӣҵģ˭Һ
𱬵ӣȻҲЦˡ
ŮİŰǺ¶µģĵİ
ڿһеⲻ⡣
˵˺ӵ¶Ȼȴϸĵؿ£ŵɫ˵Ĳá
㣬֪ˣҹ𣿡
ֻ֪ĻǸҲĴ˭
̧ͷЩնףصģǡ
ɬһЦƺ֮
ŶþͲðɣһǾãԸСһļңŮһĻš
ͷЩɬ˵ҪҼޡ
顭Ȼ𾪵̧ͷߵӣˣԼȢ㣬ڻˣ˭


260 Ӵ

۾ˮȥ
Ůˣ֪⾩ǵĵһҵʲô𣿡
ǡʲô
ͻȻת⣬Ȼе㷴Ӧ
ҵ˼˼
Ȼ˵ϣͺðָǣǣǸ˼˼㡭ԵĲһط
ɬ
꣬ǡ괩ԽĵطΪԼȡһģ˼˼š롭ҷ飬ĺмơ
˼˼Ǻͻһģңֻǻӵºټ꣬ȻǻϡңǸˡ
ȻˣͻȻʶ⣬Ǹص⡣
ûҪӽУǱģ
ΪҪһ빬ҡԸ⣬ЦΣҪüˡ
һ뵽ʵ۵磬Լ˵ԭ򣬳Ȼţȷʵǵϵ硣
Լһ֮ǵ֪ˣǸܻԵģҲĻˡ
ʵ˵Ҳû˼ټ޵ġֻ˵ˣģȻе㲻ˡУƺ˽ҺҲرĶ࣬ϸĵش顭
Ȼİģ˿־塣
ǻ̫˵㰡ʵҲ֪⿪ҲǸɫŮˡҪģľǡͬĵطԡ
˵ȥȻҲŵ۵
ԭԭλߵĲ԰ıǶֻӣ
ѻ˵ˣƺҲࡣ
ʧ̬ĳȻ۵ֳ
ΪǵĴԽŮǾԼ˲õģʵأŴȻڼʶԴЩ˼˷棬ǿǣ˻Ļ棬ԴЩԣȡֻ̣Ҫַǵ棬ַİΣôİɡ
⻰ҲһЩá
Щ͸¶ģ
ǣҴĦģҪôؽһ֮ǡȻֻһ֮ǣǶţչǳнõġԺҲᵽȥӡ˵ȻҲټˣҲû˵ˣԡ
ЦˣȻΣŮˣͲܰȵĹôһһǸ˻ҿô죿
ǸˣǸܰмƵˣ
ҡͷҲ÷Ƶһ˵ˣ䵱ҵǻˣҲҪġ
һϽģԱˣ㣿ΰɡ
Ҳû̫ۣԼãҪң뿪ʰȥˡ
ҪؼˣӴľǵʲǲٵġ
ǾǵһЩеĲϣ·ʽ֮ġһð죬ΪȻǾӪµģһЩĳ±С
ڳԵģҲǱҪӴġֻ·Զ±治ֻһЩɹڱġ
ЩʵĿѼ֮ģ޷Ӵȥˡ
ٱʱǵѩʲôģҲûФӴ
ǾǵһЩǼõġ
ԣӴģӴˡ
һ˼ƵʱɶʼԹˡ
̣㿴ڹӴĶ׼󳵰ôĶ·ϿɹӴ
ȻЦбһۣǻ˵أ˵˵ԶӴЩɶ֪ģ⼸㲻Ͻ֣ǲ˫ϲϽ֡
һԼٱƣɶ˼ˣŤųȻ·̣˼ҲֻѵõĻȥһˣСӴһЩ̰ռ̫λõġ
Ȼ⿇Ѿͷ˵ռ˶ٵλã˵ӴĶռ˲°λáҲˡ
ɶһʱЩ˼ˡ漱ˣȻ۵ֳǣСӣҪԺû¾˵ˣ׼һλãĲɹȥҲӦȥСߵģҲ֪Сˣڶô˰
ȥС壬Ǳ߻һЩ顣
º󺣱ߵҵҲչЩǵ棬ǻвٵĺʸɻۡ
ò˵󣬻ǲġָɻڲǺߵĵطҲǽεĺܡ
ܰǿҪͷһϣŴӽǹġ
һӶ˯ˣˣſںǵƤһ굽ȻǰûJ仰ˣ§һš
ֱϢֹ§ŮذŪĳ
ϱ͹ѽ
ˣԭҲĳš
ȻﴽǰȦӡ
ŰܸҲˡ
򵥵һ仰ȴܰжĻҲ˵
ǲ׼Щġ
ÿιңֻ׼ġ
һ뵽ҪܸһˣܰģȻôƽ
ȻȴĿĺܡο๫㲻ȥܸһˡڵݣеλԼҲܼáһΣҿǸŮ˻ôʹӡҪ֨žܼҵǣҲŹġ
ܰһܼҵǣǣ
ûģЩϼһһ˵ҪܼңǲҪƵģȻҲƨߵߵҪŻذŽ˵һӵ˹ܼңǸɶ̰
ܰҲЦˣɲʮһˣȫܼҵϰȫݵλһڿǣҲùԹԵϱҷе⣬ϣⶼ¶
ǣιˣ
ٺ٣¶ϱۼд輼¶ȥ
쵰Ҫˡ
Ů˲˵Ҫ

ҪȥҲˡӴ˫ϲ֮ǰе㷵ģ˫ϲǰһ
ǣ˫ϲֻǵģ˵̻Էүȥ󣬱²յת뿪ˡ
ǸԼˣ˫ϲҸͷ£ǵʸͣ
˫ϲԼ˿ͬʱҲ֪˫ϲֻ²ǰǸİĽԼ˫ϲ
ڵһͨϤˡ
⣬˫ϲڰŶˣԵЩĲɡ
̾һѱĲˡ
˫ϲȥϢţ뿪ˣѽϢһȥ
Ҳصģˣвٵ黹ȥҪѧһ߶Ůˡ
˫ϲΪԼȭͷܲģŬ˵ˣǵĿ飬о͵صʲôĺҪҪģݺ󣬸Сһȥǡ
̽飬һҪáȻ֪̰¶Լȥʵû̫뷨֤Լ


261 µС

ҲһֱһѾͷϱĵ·Ǹáָı䣬ΪΪġ
ǣȴòϣ̵̸һֱġ
Ǹ˵ģ˵ۿԣȢһѾͷ
һѾͷǣĺ˶ǰѾͷݣչҲֻһѾͷ
ͬΪūĸ󶼿ѾͷʲôɲץסЩܰѾͷһݵĵ·أ
ţ˫ϲҧӣתߵԺСһ֮ȥˡ
ܰѽҪ̸׺󣬳Ժӣľ˫ϲһλĹʲô
̸ĺͶ룬λĹ£Ҳϵõģүһǰյˣ˵ǸСӡ
˫ϲ񣬸ǳϲã˶ĶİĽ֮顣
֪ô£񣬾Ȼĳʹ
ʹζ֪ǲԵģ߲
УôˣӸ磬Ҳȥ׼һҪ̵Ļˡ
ȥǶ㣬˫ϲ
ӰĽˣ˫ϲͷ㿴гĸ߽˲䣬һ
˫ϲھȹ󣬱ӯӯһ죬̧ȥ
ԺҪ̼ңҲҪĵط̸ǲںġ
󸣹Юŭ˫ϲ΢Ӧ˵ڹ˵Ӷ̼
İģͷҲأԼ̫ˡ
Ȼ뿪ıӰͻȻ;ջĽ
ôˣԼҸҵģˡ˫ϲѾľôıģˮﻨŮˡ
˵ǰ˫ϲǴжģôڣ߸ϵ񣬾Ȼ˲ͱˡ
һ̵˫ϲȻΪԼȥɵɵĵʹġ
ͷֻһЦת뿪һθ飬Ĳˡ
ͳȻһ뿪ʱȻط֣λ˫ϲӣȻҲˣɫҲĺÿҪģϣһرʡ
оһ
չܰ๫ûо˫ϲЩ
ֹܰ§žϵأᵽ˫ϲҲ̧ͷԶ˫ϲʱСѾͷɶء
ûɶرİӣ˼עˣΪʲôأ
ף֪ۻиѽΪֻ֪Сء
Ȼ٩ܰȴջĵŮˣ㾫ôã̫˰ɡ
ȻԺ޵ҧˣû¾вƫƫͳв
Ϊһˣһϲͣġ
ȣű÷ﱧȥˣСҲִȥҩˣ˵Ҫȥɽóһʱء˶˷ΨңһƵġ
Ȼ൱Σоʱһ˹⵱Ů˵ģûɶ¶һ
ѽǸµ߰գ҆
ܸʱϣڿǰдֵԲԲǽһο
⺢ӳԽԽܰˣΪˣרΪΪԲԲ
ΪģֻΪžСˣǵģҲȡһԲԲ֡
СԲԲĲԲʵ෴ģͣȴķ۵ں·ӳ£СģСܰģߡ
ŶҲԲԲôܰġ
ڣԲԲ⺢ԽԽд˳㿴֣ү궼еһƴˡ
̶ֵݵڵοؿǣһְȷʵ嵱ķ
ǡʱ̼Ŵ
ԲԲΪ˺óԵҴģרΪŵء
ŴϱĽЦŶ̶
ӺϴҵģǱ֪ЩҲ֪ĸˡǰذ˼ҵĺӰԲԲҿϲĽء
̶Ҳףᴷڵɲôҿ̺üؿԲԲү۾ءŮ˵ҲǸġԲԲĺãʵ
̶û˵ȥĵڣֺûһģŲԶԲԲд֡
ʵĻͷġ
ϳɾˣ̶˼˵ԲԲڵݣҲֻǸСˣǻɴ̵ĶӣǡɾͲһˡ
ֻĻͷ˭Ҳ˵Ǵ̱ˣҲûġֻҪϲԲԲῼǵİաţ̶ҲԲԲ
⺢ӣ̫үСʱˡ
ΪڸһǣϲԲԲ⺢ӡ
Ǻ͵үϵеˣǶԲԲ⺢ӺõĲˡ
ŵ˵ԲԲǸţСˡ
ΪС˲øɻչ˵ĺá
д֮ģҲԸѧ
С˴ȫҲҲġ
ڣ㿴ԲԲôˣôԲԲϵãóӣûƯ
ӣԲԲ֣ʵСд֣ѾǺܲġ룬ûдҲе淶ӡ
ЦҲϲϣԲԲԴϣѽСڰĻ˵̫Ÿ仨ƵġԲԲ̶ֲǿұ˳ǿ϶ҲĽġ
̽Ҳų֣ɲôдĺð۸ôСӣԲԲдģġԲԲԵˡ
ԲԲûнӵģǹس˸
лãÿζǵԲԲԵ
˵꣬ϲ̵ȥӵģõһģѵڵͣڣȳһ
տտ۾СҲĵʿˮͲĲˣƫƫðѵó
ⶮµСģڵĶˡһߵĴ̣Ҳ鸴ӵؿСС͵ĺӡ
տʼʱǴ⺢ӵ˼
ڣҲֲϲ⺢Ӷһ㣬һЩ
᲻Խ뵽µǸﺢӡ
׵¾ڣҲǻġ
ԼĺӣҰҧˣǱɹ֮ģܻ־度¡
ڣǸĴͣҲţչһ
Ůİʱ͵Եģ˵ĻС˵ںԺΪԵ̫ѣ⺢ҲѧֲˣĻơ淽ʽûкβס
ʵҲΪŮġôţչҲԼŮ
ڰҽʵ˵Ѿͷ¶롭͵ȥǶЩСˣŷ𳪣ҲܼһЩ㿴
ڰѵ£֣ʾ˰ԲԲȥ


262 ˶

ԲԲߵʱ򣬿ڣֳ̣ڣÿģûԵģȥʱ򣬷ҲԲԲǰһʲôùҲڳԣڣɡ
ʵѾͷҲûԲԲ٣ϴЩڣСһһ飬ڵı飬Ҳࡣ
ףԲԲ뿪ſŴ̡
Ҫ˵ѾͷĴҲֲˡ鲻͵Ͱɡ˵ģͼֲˣԼҪģŷ𳪣һЩϡ
ͬˣϲлڳȫѾͷļã֮ģÿ궼ȥ
̧ͷʱ˵۾
Ժĵطôƶ룬Ůŷԡ
ԺһûȥǺӣͻ˰ϾԺĵطֶٵĲˡ
ϴҵģЩʱ㶮ԼѾͷֺԼĶأ
̵ɫҰһƬԴڣͱˡǲ֪ϴǼ꾫ɽţǼ۸ŰңӲù
Ҫ߿࣬ЦˣˣЩƨ¶¸˵ղһ˵˱˵ء룬Ϊϴ㣬߿״šϴҵҲܲţԼĶӲ˼Ҫ࿪֦ɢҶⲻ¶ô˵ˣһһжӵģǰҲٴЩ˼ˣ˵һӣڿţඡ
һᵽң̵۾ð
ŮΪȻĶӲôߣңңԹһӡbҲΪҵĳͷˣڼĲ£ֻ֪죬˵֪ܶ߶죬ӦüȨ
һӳͷ˵¶Ų£С檣⵱󷿵ġҲֻиɵ۶
յǣСһ븮ȻıһŶһ¶Ը󷿵ˡ
һűЩСַȡЦ̵УǱһܵĽ
ڲԼĿҪҲԡ
Ψ£ȴʵĳ״
Ѿͷڵ͵˼ΪˣȻûɻһӡЩһ깩Ůڼķá
Ϊһӣ̺ʹүŻ˰
մү˼һ˵ĳѾͷƬӣʲõġ
Ϊ˴û
ǮϣˣʱûƤƤ˰ɡߣȢС檣ߴ޸ͣ˵һѾͷ¶㻹Ҷ죬ˣ죬ﲻ£ӽ̡̹ܽܽ
˷ˣʱСǷ̵ĺãﻹ󷿵ļı֮ġ
һ£ʹӱӵҪǮϣɰǮϸġ
찤˴ֱС裬һڶôܵס
ǺҰȱ
Ȼ޼¶ΪãŮͷ˵Ҫޣ¶˵áǺǮ˾£һˣƺƵĶµܼҡ
ȻʱܼСĵظǮⲻǡ
һ˵˹ʮʱһȺȫסʮ˭
ô೵ŵа
Ҫ֪ܼҾ̵ĳӣҲһܻһء
ͻȻʮԵĲǳӵ˰
ڣڣү̻öˣһģȫǺöǻ̡
һ̶վ˵ʲôүˣˣ
˼һ˵ӻҲǼ˵ģʱȫԼˡ
ǣǼҳλƷҪԱܰү̣ȫ˶ء
ϽϽȥӭӡ
ԭǮ鷳ģʱһ˵ܼԺյܰˣȫ˸Ķһ£һ˵飬ǲ֮ˡϾܼܰߡ
һ˵ӻˣʱһ󲽶ȥ
˼־ס
ͷ㿴һϲؿԼ
ˡǸˣһȥա
ǣүһȥء
ļС檣ж֮ģ½س
ܼҵ˶⣬Ȼ֣ܸˣʵ˶
һӣ㲻һڵˡ
ô壬ھǵĵضҲһˡ
Ϊ׵һȺˣڿܰʱһ
Ҫ֪Ǳҵһ˹٣Ȼ
ܰһӹԼڻû֮ǰϽĸɷأϽ
ڲΡΡؿĴļ򣬡ɷඡ
˵꣬۾һʪĸжˡ
ӣԽԽ
⵱ģҲܼôˣȻͳܰһͷҵ˵һˣй⡣
ԶãЦǺǵǰҪ񣬳Ȼ΢ֻǲһ£ûгҲ˵Ī˶񡣡
һⳡôʣɴʱҲò
һӵŮ˺ӣܰпͷ񣬼ƷҪԱôҲǼ¶
ܰɨһˣЩ˹ʵ˺󣬲ŵӦһա
ЯųȻ֣ˣǽԺȥ
ܸڵõܰϢ󣬱һԺɨ˳ʱһܰǣųȻʱסԺȥһ˸ϽһС
ֻǣܰһעǲжġ
ļλµģһ˵ܸƷԱˣĸҴڼȫ
Щ뵽˼һĵһء
ɽ죬ΪܰĹЩ۰Ͱ͵
ܸ˲ˣһλԱڼҪԣ治һܱġ
ǿЩƽʱǰֵˣڶܸһ˶Цӣĸ̾
ΪЩ˶˶ܰĹңǿصĽ
͵Եġ
ǰѹӣһ߲ܲš
ڹɽ셄ã۵ĶӳɲˣˡϵĴö
׵ģȴ֪Ҫô׽յĶӾͶĳȣƣеһУе˺¡
һֻ̣һҪӵĸо
ڱͷȫҲޡ
ϵҲǸӵĽֻõİԵȣȴǻֲ̿ġ
ôã˲ʵֶ븮ģ


263 ѿ

Ϊ飬ܰϵĶӣһֱáһ㣬ܸĲҲĺܡ
ҿܼҼֵܷˣֻԼϱͷ۵Ľ
ǳסģܰҲٴˣЩ¶ҲǲƽϵġӣֻҪڽС̺űá
ڵбȻѾͷԽƯˡǰܸﵱѾͷǶһֵζ
ųȻڵΪӡ
Ȼ澭ĶˣҲĶˡһҲͿĵࡣ
ϾǸ˼ңֻҪ㲻ΪѣҲԡ
뷿󣬳Ȼӯӯڰ
⺢ӣϽɡžɻã
ֻŲԶ§ŵĺӡ
Ȼ󷽵ЦӦ棬Ӷءֻ綼ϲ˯һ˯šһڱܶˡ˵ʱŶĽء
һ˵Լҵıĺܸɣֺˡ
ѽۼĺӣǾǸģǼŶŲһ˸°գôС֣
ȻЦЦӦãߣȴͣڲԶǸСϡ
һ˫۾ųؿԼӭԼʱ¶һ˿ɬЦݡɲ֪ǲǴڱԼʱӣƺɫĸо֡
Ҫֻ֪һССĺӰĺӣôĻҲ˻صİɣ
ְֵ⺢ʱȴˡ
ΪȻط֣żСĺӣȻȻźܰ߰˷Ƶݡ
ٿԶܰȻ˿ЦſָǺӣף⺢˭ҵİҪҵʱ˵⼸˭ҵĺġ˵мѾͷղҲˣ
תתڲŰѺӱ뷿ܰϣһЦף㿴⺢ӵӣмֵء
ܰŲһ̧ͣͷȻָĺӡ
ڵɫҲЩѿ⺢ôҲˣ
û뵽һ¶ģԲԲžµӣһۣϽקһӡͦɰģССʱҲмֵƣԾĪ⣬ǳмơ
ȻףŶԭ
ǣΪʲôǾ¶Ծأ
ôôòܸȴһԼ˳Сӡ
ҪһˣôҲ᲻ˬɡܰɡ
ǲС沥ˣα֤֪ʲôġ
ܰĲһӣôԣ
һʱ䣬ȻЦţģȴµĺܡ
ʱܸĴҲһ˽
˻ûǵ㴫˽
ѽðλء
䣬Բı
׳˲ٵģȻ뵽ģˡ
ٳһȺεεŮˣ˵Щ˿϶Ǵ󷿵Сඡ
ףòس̵ͷȴ
ѽֶŮȥˣҲô˰ɣҪɵע㰡ڵ߲ɶģеĺ
ԭϲ⻰󣬵
ϴҵģ㾻˵˵Щʲôõӣǵҽ
ʶԼƨػûλ۾ת
ѽð˾ƤӼʵұⲻ˼Ҿǹģ¶ô
ҪȻһ죬ֻǿڣ棬;ۡ
Ҳպϴҵأһ⻰в׵ġ
վǰǰⳤ;棬ɲôˣһϢһ¡
ϴҵĵӴôһΪǾҪϢզأĻ۽þû˵ˡ
ȻֱӰŸײϡ
ȫϴҵĶûˡ
ݺݵسϴҵĴһڣޣ˵û˵ҲûšϴҵģҿҲ߯ЩׯһЩׯ˼ҵĶҲӦȥʰһЩˡ
һ˵ҪȥũׯϴҵĲˣ˵氡ȥũׯ¶ׯµôһȥʲô
׵ЦôҵĻҲˣ˵úϴ˵һȥ˵㲻ԸȥȥũׯϴҵģǸѵˡ
ǰ˸ֱˣǼ¶ϴҲòҪǸʡĵġ
һ뵽Ǯкò׺ͳȻ˵ϻˣϴҵֽͣıջġ
ϴҵĴҲǿӲ
治Ҫϴ˵¶Ը񣬻ȥɶģпһĴɶ̫š
֪ܳǮֻ
죬ʰȥũׯලũճɵˡ
λڳȻҲ˸徲ò˵صܸĲզڡɲҲù
㶼޸ܼҵˣܾôһ֮ģ
ڻĵ죬һ˵󣬱ļҪ̽
գǶ˻һЩ
˵ﰡ۽ˣ϶ǵġûȻܼ¶¡밡ǵĽ飬лˣܲģȥˣܸŴԺģ˵ϼ仰æĲɿء
һ˵ҲҪȥܼҿȻͷ
ҲǰܼŴԺ˼ң۽ȥЩ˻Ǵءˣˣʱȥɡ
Ȼ˵ģڵ磬»ģܼҵǰ
һѽˣѹֳȻûҵԼ
ǰܼ̽ˣһνһεĽо֪Ļܼҡ
ǲ֪ģһھɶĴլŶ
ǰһŵͷ
Ѿͷ벻Ҫһ棬˵
죬Ȼ뿪ؼҶһɫ֪ûˡ
ʱܼҵĳȻȷʵæĽŲմء
ǰֻһѾͷݣ˱Ϊ̡
֮ԺҲ᳣ܼס̽ˣɽ˺˵ʮ磬˵һ˼ҺȫŸͷ̽λ̡
ܰæҪӴЩбȻӴЩŮ
һһĹ򣬾Ȼæɤ۶ðˡ
УУɶ۵֧ж͹̶дãҪһһεĽӴҿܲˡ
ض㣬Ȼϵİ̾СģյһԹ
һܸǵүǵС檷֮ô˵ʵ⸮ĴСʵеࡣϵСģÿ˷ﶼ˲ٵŮˣȻЩæĶǲסǵ֡


264 а

ЩԹޱȵĬĬ졣
Ǽʹ飬ЩĿŮǵγҸֵġΪһֱ׷ĸٳ
̣ǰôˣôͱء˵ģȥĽӴһȺףһɶģʱ˶лῴүӴҲһ죬áµʱ䣬㻹ȥߣ̽ɶġ
ʵɶؼˡֻ߶ʵ̫æҲز˼ҡ
һᵽ̽ɶģȻŹ£µСӡ
ȻǶסʱ䲻̫ã룬ǼСӣȻǸ׽ӡ
źž۵Ļ䣬ŴǷܶһЩõģõĻƬΡ
ţɶ鲻밡ð죬Ҫˮô̾һˮսڣףգЩǰƷɫˮôˡھȥ˵һȥ
ϣ͸ܰʱһͷվԺʿأһϱˣ㼸˹
ӡ
ίӣĳȻ۵ֳ
ǣţܰԱԹ
ǲ֪Щֻ֪˵һЩҼмϱСôģƽʱһôôҪô㾩ǵŮôζôܰ֡
Ȼѹ˻İҪҲᷳȥ
๫Һ㶼ܼ尾۲ˮڣˮ죬ǰЩȫӴˣʱ۾ȥСסһʱô
һᵽСסܰˡ
뵽Сӱ߶Ұϱһٶ˵¶ţҰȤáðɣԲϣӴһˣڵҲȫЩȶζ
ֻĵϣһôŶõĹԱ顣
ȻԸȥأָͷµĺô
๫ȥ£ССϺף㰮ԵЩϲŶҲŪЩɽҰĢ֮ģãҲǼ񵽡أ㻹Դӡ
ϱϽţһҲˡ
ܰԽԽôұ˷ʱ䰡ֻһ뷨Ͻ뿪ģ˵ĵط
ԼӣȻЦֻǱ³ƻˡȴ֪ţôطһЩҰȤ֮ġٺúõдд輼⡣
϶ģȻֱԼȥԶԶģЦء
ѽҵСڰڿܵıŶһ档
桭
۵ĺڵĶˡ
ţҼӴôСƺеǽһףһ˭ôĺأôСͿô֣Ӵɰĸζء
ԶĽһįС۲ضŵĻ
ĳ谮רġ
Сŵϣ׺
ԴССԺһв
ڣ˶ΧǸСһתơ
棬ǿš
һ֣ͱٵĲòǣΪ˵㣬͵òӣ㣬ԺҪԿ࣬Ҫȥַ
ǣĺúǸСŰ
ϾǸӣ֪ģԲԲĵļй¶
ߵԺӵĳȻֿ⺢ӵ׺üԲԲȥ
ˣԲԲȻͷǻң¶һ۵Цݣǵ𣿡
Ǵа񣬻òôҲӦһĻĺӡ
һʱ䣬ȻЩȻɣǿ˵ġ
ôСĺӣôͻƱı顣ţҲӦð
ţԲԲôһأһµģ಻á
º͵ԲԲ˵Сӣϲġֻӣġ
ԲԲϲطʣҿԺһ£ֻС˵ݣ䲻ź;ǣ¡
ԲԲӵģƯ۾
ȻˣףţԵģʵƽȵİǹиߵ͹֮֮֡Իں߶ŽӳʵҲֻǺΪѡ
ԲԲһ𣬳ȻȴԼ˵ˡЦʵ¶Һ˵ƺˡ㻹СҪһȥɣ⺢ƺǸľļһֻоһȥ
ǸסģҪʵĴľǵҪʱСһŸСӣѾͷλ׽ء
ԲԲЦľеĽ
˼ңСͱ˵ôӵųɳء
һ뵽Щ˵İۣгЦȭͷ
õȥҾˡİɣ棬
Сһ꣬˸תȥ
ԲԲʧڻУȻϵЦȥ
ӣĴˣ̫òҲ̫ᴧĦˡ
ֻһ⣬⡣ɸղţû˵ʲô㱻СӴĦġ
ʣһĺӣô˾ģ
ԲԲô֪ʲôأһܰĺӣһ֪ĺӣһҿ͸ĺӣǺô
ЦɣǣЩ꾭飬ǵԼ飬̡
˺ӵУвܵġʹģֹǡ
ڴʱеףΪʲôʷϵŮǣôĺݡҲΪ˱ԼװģأһߣֱȨƿܱԼˡ
ѽȻѾͷءܳȻʱЦ˻
СŸֱӣС

ĺУĳȻԽЦţĿİɣӴӴСء
ĸĻ治ò̾ȻѾͷͶӻģ١
ģŮ˺ӣҲֻǱڳʳ棬¶ĸǼ׿ġͳȻӴҲƵطһʵƺ׿˱ĳɼʵѾͷദòƻͦġ
϶аˣôúͳȻദأǰһ⸮ŵôǻǸɶţ
ҪĳȻӣֻźͳȻЦģȻ벻ˡ
⺢Ǹľģֻ֪ЩҪ棬ЩС鲻ء
濪ʼ״§顭


265 ʹ

УУһȥ飬һеġ
ţȥɶһȥҺ˵¶
һ˵¶ҲֱӣѾͷɶ¶ֱ˵
ƺ꣬ŷӦùܳȻҵġǰƺϰѾͷ
棬½⣬ϲǹҽѾͷģҽͺǵĵһ£ôдҲǸ취㿴ӵɤӶ˵ˣȥƢɵ÷ȥ̫ˣʱ˿ˣֵ˵ܼ˴ͲšǾͺ˼˰һˮսڣʱŪһЩˮٰҪĿдʡĻʡһֶ죬á
ɲĺƣ壬Ҳͬˣ
ɲôģϸڻ˵ġˮڣܼҳǮùũǰˮչʾμӵˣˮһЩˮ֮ġȻҲṩһЩˣǮ
һǳǮ˵ˣ׬ȡʱ򣬳ܰپٰһˮڣ¶Ǻ°
һĴȣ¶Ҳǳӣܼҳˡţģ㽻µȥɱˡȥԸˡ
˷ܵľҪߣȻϽס
ٺ٣氡¶û˵أԵһ¡ģȥСס죬ҲвֵĲҵû꣬ԣȥˡ
ƼҷҲ֪Ūôˣϴ鷳֮ģҲ֪ô
ȥҲУͻȥɡ
浹Ҳ󷽣˼Ҫȥҵ¶ûҪš˵ˣһƴ֧һǸˡ⼸ƣء
ӦȻЦü䣬ţҾ֪Ǹȵġɶ˵ҪҰѺǴϣҲǷźǡ
һ£ϵЦȥˡͺǶҪȥθߵʾǿҵĲҪֻ֪ܴܰһµʡʱ䡣
ܶһһ죬Ǻ¶Ҫضʡúü춼ƯɰӰ
һʱ˼ҾˣĲþ¶ϡ
棬˵ڸﷳţҲû취ǣ
һᣬҲûˡ
һֱϲ⸮ˣҪ˼һţֻҲصġйһ㣬˭
ˣˣ֪֪⺢ҲǸʡĵ
ֹ׼ߣűŷĿɰӣֻˡ
ǻظ£Ҳ̫ɶĵطɣΪʲôܻȥٺ٣˼һͣôģ
˵ˣȥ£ǳܵһЩڰҲ͵ˡȥɢģʱСסһСһ㣬˵¶
һ룬سȻ֡
һֱûߣϺü䣬ȻԲأ֣ϽЦ߹ȥ
ǰ¹ôţıſĵЦݡһ㣬ļΪġΪˣҲģҲԽԽĵضѾͷŴһҲûЩѾͷСԶ
Ҫȥ£
棡Ȼץʹˣһ¶ظ˵
ȣðһ죬ɣҽһȥ
ȻⰡ֪˭ȥ
˸ӣصһЦʱ˵ɡɶʱߣ
ɣǾͳˡӦϺǳ극ȥ
ףɡһģһȥ
˭
ȻģǸһ䣬ǣһĵĲ֪Ǵسһۣ첻֪ˡ˰ҪסѾͷأѽ
Ȼðɣҵö
¶˵ˣȻڵֿƵӦһؿˣϽɶ׼һЩµĵطȥ

һʱ§һŶ
¸ǿ޵ǽһİ
ѾͷǸãۼкóԵţҲôݡѽʱ䣬ⶼһûˣʱ䰡զôĿأ
ôŰҲһʮ£㿴ǻء
Ȼ
أ
ĨǣȻ̯֣ڸأ濴ĽôҲǳһвųתתġء
Ź£ŶĹ򣬹µ˲ٵơ
õء
ºٺٵЦûݣġԹӣӿɷʢءǵǰԵˡСզˣѾͷˣҲ֪զģ
ȻһԴӴ䣬ôǺþûˡСأ˸ʦʦѧˣҪһŮ
Ӵ⺢ӿ밡Ů;񰡡Сܺתͷ˲١ǸŮҲǣôסǺأ
һᵽ޵
һᣬȻҲĬˡ
ǹ¿ӹΡ
ȻѾͷ˵
Ȼ
ССϴڼһóǮֻ£СҲǱ۵³
ŮûУҪ
ʵڣ˵󡭡˵ˣӺùˡ
ȻҲûϹµĻ
ӦҲ֪Ӵʲôˣǽŵ˼ҵȵġҲЩǸֵܣżʲôġһҲԺȡֻЩˣ˵׺ݵģһ˶ҿǡ󣬻˵ЩŮˣСģҲ֪
˵Ҳû˵ȥڨڨģѻתˡ
ŶˣʺѾͷ˵ҪҲǰЩʱ̣ŰܻءǺǣҼҴ˵˵¡󣬺ҹŮ˻Ѿͷ
Ȼ̧ͷȻ󾪡ѾͷôܣôһˣѾͷǸĸѽҪĺ͸ѾͷһǿǺ¶ǲ֪⸣ѾͷǸܸɵءҲϲǰҿüǮ˼ҵү˵ȥɸѾͷǲͬ⣬벻Ȼ۴ˡѽϲ¶ϲ¶Ӵ
Ҳ˷ˣһĴȣ۾ǽһӴ
⣬ôãԵģ˵иѾͷʲôġ˼һθѾͷ˵飬Ǵʳ־Ȼ˵ˣ˾ȻߵһˡѽҪۼҴʿǼ尾
ȻҲ˷ܣ˵˻ʵĻָź˶ʵ¶


266 ζ.

⺢ӰǸġ˵϶ǰ;ˡǼңҲȫܣ뵥ĸɣԺƾԼãȥҲһ¡ָ⵱ָ·Ҳһ⺢ӰԸЩ
ȻһߵĶʡ꣬⺢ӻǸè뼸ȥСҲ˴һվڹ̨ͷҪء
ָ·أ֪û뷨ȥɶġҽȥǽǵĵطھǻʼصأһȨƼȥڱĵطлټ뾩صأռס˽š
Ըæе飬Ҫһ
ȥǵĵطǸطĸǻ׹ݵȥġ
ǵط췹ԣ˵ģҪңñƴĻߵС
վǶȥˡ治չˡᣬչʵİ
Ȼ֪һ仰ҾˡҲҪָһ·ģԼȥĲãҲǵġҲѧ˶
һ˵꣬شͷȥˡ
Ȼ۵ֳɨһ۹£ƽʱû˵̶ǰɣ
Σһ۶ʣܺӡʵɣҲ׵ġ֪İҵŷչ·ҪĹػءǱ˲һ밡ָǾðȻѾͷ·ӣа취ֻҪһܴǳԺõĺġЩ˰չе㲻ʵҲ룬ƾʲôҪءƽʱô̵żӣǼǵãҪָֻűˣÿԼı³Էһ·ָһõķ򣬱Ǻܲˡ
ѵĻĳȻĸиŲѡ
ʵһλܼңв⣬ǶЯǷչҪôһƵĴ֮ġ
˵ģ㲻˸ָ·Ҳǰָ
ҪĶţôļҵ׶ñԿȥ
Ѿͷǲ찡׵ģЩϵġ㣬Ҳ²˼ܾ˰͵ÿԼǱ£ҿԴһ̣ɾǳȥˣҲָԼȥǮ;
㲻˼ܾʱͷһţȫѾͷôе˰ǿñǮ
ۻǵãǰһԱģ淢˲ơ˼ľ磬ʵЩӳȥæġôһ˵ҲͳˡǾˣһǧɣЩˣַ˼ң˵˼ҲǶ˵ʲô˿ĵ¶ıӦôôġ˵Աķˡοš
֪Щ˺¶
ȻȴҲĸж
ʵ˵ȷʵǴڡ
е˿˷ˣ˺ΪЩ¶Ǿ˼ǮˣǳǮҲӦõġ
ǵִʱʡԼõΪ飬ûǮˣ費ʱЩ˾˼Ϊʡ
£µûԾ˸˸ǮǶ쾭¶˼ҵĸʱ뵽֮ԻḻҲϵڱġ
û𴲵ʱ򣬾ıƼѵ̸ÿһʵ⡭
˲ҪȥҪһذɣҲжտţССӣҲ֪ɶء⺢ӽѧãء
С嵽ѧʱ򣬼еǮˣ±˵ĻúǶܽѧľͽѧ
ôţѧЩ֣ҲǸõġ
ţУһʰþûȥ¿ƼҷˣǵġǸõأµлɽʲôģӪĲڼԵļм֮ģȫġǮҲҪֵҲֲ˼ġ
Ȼ˵Ļ㼱ˡ
˵׵ĻûһС延ϲ
ѽѽҽء㣬㡭
СëӵȻϽվ
ԺվһϻմŻɫ͵С
ڿȻʱСִٵذѽȻ۵֣ӴӴǼҵСͯС˶ءǿԡ
һ˵ǣСˡǽܵʱӵ񣬱СĶԳȻ˵㣬ҳˣǺ
ǣΪʲô⺢ӵһֱ
¿ɾֺˣֱŶ
ˣԻһҲ½Ц㣬ȥðɣӵĿǾǿأۼҳ۵Ŀɾ͸߼ˡ
ѽιͲñûأʱһӡ
СһƤӵƤأȻָͣ
ǸһѣСһ˿ţִյǰ磬Ҳһţǵǿζǲһ棬󻹼˱Ķ͸ء
ԥһ£ǽǿƤϸϸƷϣ˼ζ
Ȼֺһӣ㵽˳Էʱ
ԭӦùҳԵģŹȫԼԵļˣȻŲˡ
ɶȥү֧һ˵ҽڲˡ
ɶӦţǸģڿ֪˭ˣԭǼŴ
ȻŭЦƣӴѾͷ˼ѽῴȻһ۾ࡣҰŴȻ㿴۾ŰĲˡϵĲҲȷʵķḻء
ѾͷСëȡЦȻҲװһۺ󣬱¿
ζˣЩˣԽر뵽˵Ŀӡǻһζ㹤ǼĳʳڵĳȻЩõĲʳȻǾúóԡ
Ѿͷ԰⼱ʳӣʮһġҿܰһ˵һΪҸóӡ
Ȼ࣬ɱ鰡Ϊ˸óӣʱұ߷ʳģһֻ߳ѼƵҡڲǻǶء
ŵıȻѼ·ӣѹ¶ֵĲСһˣԷԵڡ
ٻؼҺ󣬳Ȼһֱ͵ĻšΪܰԺһȦȦɢʳ
СԺʱ˶ֹס˽Ų
ȻԺ﷢һЩӦ÷°
Ѿͷôˣܰʣȴս
ȻŤŤȣ˭˵Ҳˣⲻŵô
꣬Ժ棬ƺҪǮ¶ȿȣ¶ʱû̫ɶ룬ô;úö˰
Ѿͷʵͦŵģ֪ôͬ˸ǮôΪһ̵㣬ĺ


267 ܵ

˷ǵᣬһȻɬˡ๫ǲңǴ
ܰˣ̧°ͽؿָĦẉ̂ȡ
ЦŸסţҲң֪ĸһ
໡ҡ
ӣʱߣҪɬġ
޳ܣǻ԰
꣬ҺҲ⻨԰棬ôţԣ˶϶Ĳ˵ʳ¶һٶõ¶á
ӵĿ飬ֱӱУУһɶߣҲǣȥвء
÷ĸһۣҲãҿŶͦãһҲӶ࣬ãҲܴСģ˼һȺΧתƣĻ档
ɶ˦˸۸ֱˡ
ڶϵģƺҲ֪Ҫȥˣڵĳź󣬱һµ׼ϳˡ
СֽŲõֱӰϳġ
һ˳໵ؼţ֮ġŶ˹ò÷ϳ
ٵ˸λ£ŪŲ뿪ߵķľ
ӶЩᡣȻվһָŰᶫǰһȺվǶ͡
ʵƽЩҲôģղһˣܰһİȫʼЦǲʡĵ¶ĿǰҲûϳȻ
ΪˣȻҲֵ徲
ٵˣȻŲԶڣЦʵڣǵĶ׼ˣ˵Ǹˡôû
ƵذĲյŵ̧ͷŶ׼˰Ǿ߰ɡ
䣬ֱϳмλá
Ȼɵۣܰˡ
飬ڸŲãҪһءһʱ䣬Ȼˡ
˼ҰʹˣôҲأ뵽ߵˣ±ء
ţСͲҪˣһָϷСöܸء
ų룬Ȼˣ˼治ΪҪһ𣬶ǡŵ̫ˡ
һΣʼעת˾
ûȵȥܰǰСһ
͵һԶһȥĺ¶

۵ؽһ˵ķ
һߵڴ˴ǿˣƺ壬һֱǾ
үӦעжΪʲôǿѾͷƬأ
ŵǰ£ۿġ
ҲǶʱ䲻ڣڲŻ۱ǸоĲȣԾҲһֱڡ
ܰ׽һʱ䣬ȻҲֵĵط
ôģڿʼˣţϲҪҾͺž
۾һתʼ佱
ѽ尡ҷǼҾһһСС۾бʲôģһСƯĶءҪģۼҾÿɰҵŮɵɵվǶһҲûСǼҾعģž͸СŮƵġ
ܰʲôģȻԼС
һô佱ԭɫѿЩ
ɲôۼҹŮȻġ
һã⻹Ƕ֢ҩˡ飬Ҫӽ尡ֺþ
Ժðѱѹ
ǺһٸǰŶųģһ̣Ϊܰƫ۶Ҳʼƫĵİ˾
ΪˣȻʶһܵʱֻĬĬذ⼫ױԵĺ§һ١
⺢ӻûûεģѹûںܰİ
гȻﰮųţţľʲôģƺҲͦá
ʱ´壬Ƶ¸շһµվڴڶ
˵̵ĳ·Ϻ󣬱Ͻ·ˡ
Ƶ¸տһߵϱֳһں̶
һߣӶˣһµվǶŲӿء
ҵģôûأѽⶼþûңҲ֪ôˣžҲ˰ɡ뵱갡ۼžǲء
˵ţ㿴һ߻͵Ŀͺӡ
Сʱһһֵͣĸ˵ĺܡ
ѽСɣСǿŶ
⺢ӺžģСҲͱžӡ꿴Ƽҷʱ⺢ӻŵء
СһǳԣӵεȻ

ӵļűӣСĻƼҵرΪ顣Ĵźӵ·ű顣Сӣǰ˵һͣЦˡ
ºҼ⣬Ҽžһô
ȻסһҲİչʾСͬǰҪһ£Ǿ͹ˡ
ֳԼ󿴼žɴ۾ȻسȻĻҪǡ
Ӵ⺢ӵء
÷ֱ佱˼һĺӶġСȻ۵ģ簡ӷӦɶģȻȳĺӲ
⺢ӣǸ˾ƼҵЦŶӵοǲ˼⺢ʵƤȥɣǵȥ
ӳƼҵһڣһ£Ͻ˿֣ǰͨ£ϼڡ
ڰڰ֣ˣ˻ǲҵзģţȥתת
ԶһȺǿһεˣָָֻ㣬ȴû˸ҿ
ܼң⸽һҡ˵ܰǸ˵ǻϵĵˣ˸ĸоǻ÷¸շҲǰôദôȵӣڱ̧ͷǲС
ܰüű΢ĻƵ¸գǰн
𱰵ĹЩһʱת䲻Ҳĵȥ͡
ȻţȺУһԥԼ
˳߿ȥЦ֡ӣǶްɣѽ겻⺢ӶôأĿӴ
ɩӲȻǵԼĽУϽǣСȻȥȻ̡
Ȼüǰǣŷɩӵ֣ǰҽȻѾͷڻôСѽϰҽ
⣬಻ðɶҪλġ
ɩӲҪд
⼱ɫģȻˡɩӣִҪдɶģԺ󶼲ˡ
⣬⡭զãզءңҡ


268 صׯ

ȻҲݵ¶Ǽ¶
תƻ⣬߿һߵĶӣޣôǰͿǼأһĽһұһҲѵǳԡ
شλƯأһ٩Сͳɫ
ǣгûȴңڡұǸ
ۡ
СȻֻˡ⺢ӣȻѧ˵ӴСޣǲŮбѽ
Ӻĵͷԣ԰˵ˣһˣͲҺŮһ𣬳ˣԼϱ׽ҲȢ㣬

ǷɩӣҲֳЦ³ȻĵѲһۣȻѾͷǰһʱҲ˿ʯͷ
Ȼɶǿ鷢˳ȥ˾ͳЩɹ
үǳųȻ͵ĳʳϸϸƷھǴϢһźϵϣ۵Цݡ
ѽԭǾǵĺöҵһ㣬ҼҼ޳ŵĹŮһ
ҹŮҿǸҵŵİɡ
ٺ٣̵飬ðҲ˴ӾǴĳʳءζž𣬾㰡
ǣǸɶط붼벻ĵط˵Щ˺ȵˮǼõء
ô÷
ɼҺȵ¡
ۣô񰡣ҲǰǰסĵطǿǸطСԺСģҪȥǿܱඡ
'ޣƴ󹷶Ҫǵ̵ܼļҶгһ뾩ȥƵ¸շ֣лᣬ͵ĴֺӣһӾͱ˹
㲻Ҳһô
˵ǻƼҷð㿴˼ҵ˵˼û¡ڿҲÿ˭ҵİǾгϢأ
ǷͿǸܸɵģľ͸˹ϵڿǻƤǳءһҵġ
ȻԶһͷԵأĽԼ
߶ʱǸָϽԴ˻ȥ
ˣǵֻǵԼ⳥ô
뵱⸾˳һӹʺϷͦ˼ġ
ǸЦЦȥģǹȥˡ
Щ¶Բ
Ǹƺû뵽ȻȥôãȻԼЦһʱ䣬վǶȻӦˡ
ģһ߯ϽɻһѵĻ㲻ɣָܳȥҴ硭
ŵĽ£ϽͷСܡ
̣߶ߡ
ϹǰȥȴԺɫ
ǳȻĳ˶̫ˡ
ʵǺǷз´һ˺ࡣеĴжĽǷ򸾰
СԺӣͱڿĸʰ޸ɾˡ
Ϊе࣬ԷڵŽ˵ס
дܼҵˣЩȻԸġ
󣬲£ɴ峤˴һˣ㹧˽
˼ҵ޷ǾһЩҰ֮ġ
֪ϲһЩҰζģвҰζš
̣л㵱Ϊǳı߰Ǵﲻ˼ңЩĢ󣬻ҰɻȥˡڳԵĺãůһУء
ڿһȺȲԷθĸм֮ɵٶ࿴һ۳Ȼ
ѾͷĴȻ˵ء
Ҫ˵ȻСסҲǰһʱ䣬汼˶ꡣһ벻ﶼʼˡ
£ǵȻ֪ԭԼһЩ̵е㿪ˡ
һЩˣǹʼ
еĵطнеԶĵطС
ʵһĻУԼĻˡٿǸطɶܵڵĻٵͼ۹룬ֻط߼۳ۡ
ڽͨ£Ⱞ߳ȥǣС׬һʡ
ֻҪԸߣӻһЩģٵĳԺɶģǲ̫ˡ
ȻʵһģһЩóȥ۵ĻҲܻ±ǰﲻ˾±Ҳˡ
ĢĳмɹĳƷĿϸɵϰգ·Ҳ˷ԡ
ÿ굹Ģʱ˱뵽Ȼ
ﻹ˲ٵĢʳ˶ŬӪĢĳ´壬Ҳ챻˽гĢˡ
ҵ꣬Ҳûôָǰ
佱ţȻǲ˼ˡȷʵûô쵼Щ
Ҫ֪ҲǸء氡֮һȺãչһС˵ϰ
ɲ˵ĺܺˡ㿪ǣɽǶˣ˰ǵöڿ죬ջ񡣺˵ȥҵˣһľסأⲻһ߳ȥ󲿷ֵĶˡǴ尡ĺõģѷӶء
һȻŷ֣һСԺͣƺҲӦ˰
ڴأһ𡣡ȻѾͷҵȻѾͷ
ĸģĸôĸô
ƵϽȥ
⣬һ︾һ׷ԲԵϸˣһؿŴĳȻ
󿴼˼ʱȻ۾ʪˡ
ĸĸ꣬صҪԼΪѰ󱣻λĸ¡º󣬸ĸİ£һ˲ҡ
ٺΪæҺڣĸΪۼԭ򣬱͵һλۼĴ¸꣬ٿĸʱ۾ˣͷȴˡӣǲġ
ĸԴۼ˺󣬱ҪסһӶסڴϰЩũ֮ģֲ˻˼ңһЩǮһչһ߶ҲЩ򵥵ũ
һߵĹţȻǰһ§̫̫ĸ۾ˣ
ˣأаѽѽһʱ˵ǼöȥˣŰۼȻѾͷɶʱٻأںˣҪ֮ǰֿۼȻѾͷءѽ˵㺢Ӷѽأ
ںء
Ȼһָ󣬳ССһ֣СһϽľ˹

Ľ̫̫۾ˡ
Ĩοؿӣѽ˰ӣ˵Ҳжأҿҵ۾κ˰Ҫôļɰĺӡ
ĸ۾һֱȥġ


269 ֲҵ

ȻֶžԸžҲŶ˭ȽгҽϾ͸˭ΪҴġ
Сһһͱģ⡭桭
һǰһĽ̫̫Ǻǵ֡
šǺúӣǺúӣϧ治֪ҪôҲñǿǡһ˵ǣͰһǰ̫̫һԡ
ĺӴĿ̫̫ǿϵ۾һγʪˡ
ţǣһܳۼǣǸǡ
ѽĸ᳤ģߣ۽˵ȥ
صȻæģܼҵȻôЩ͵ˣǿ̸
ǵʵм򵥵뷨Ҳʵ˼ҲĲϲЩˣǾãЩ̫ɾˡ
ϰ̺򣬷¶Եĸɾ£;Щõ·Ͽһ¾ͿУӵҲϴľͶԷôҲоⷹĺܡ
ڵģžЦϣ־ãӣҲ޷ܵġֻҪܺ⼸˶һЩʱ䣬һжܡ
ڳȻĸϰµ
ÿ첻ȥɶ˻̫̫ȫþ
ĸǸµһҽȥˣҲ˵ϰߡ˵ڳҿ̣Ҳᡣǲסۡ԰ɣ־ԼĲáۼҵʱ˼òڡΪˣһʱҲˡû취µĵضȥ
ҲûҪ͵£ֻǣ˼ҸŸܿ۵ģû͡ˣʼҲġ˵˵Ժôôģͬˡ
˵Щ¶ʱȻקĸ첲Ц
ԴϵĻﹰȥѸֺ̫̫ǵС
ѽ㿴ӵﰡ˵ܼҵ̣ôǼһûСӴ
һĴȤɰѳȻء
֣ĸѽ
˵أ⺢ӣǳ˰
صǳʵģҲæġ
Ȼһ˻ǴʹֲũҵĻ
෴ģ
ΪõЩļ뵹Ҳ
Ϊ˼Ķֳ֮ǰҪں顣
ΪˣƵ¸շĥ˺ܾãڰǰ½ؽ˺ӵ̱
̣ð֮ǰǻףΪʲôǵðѼӵ̱߶ϡǿˡ⼦ӵ̱ߣʱ򣬼ȣںӱߣǲôȣҲټ̫ࡣ
ڼ˵ļʲôģϡ
Ѽһ߶һʱǳɶѵĳιι֮ģЩӪСӣˣĸͷ죬
һѭ⼦
˵һ˰
˵󣬻Ƶ¸һȻֻЦ
ɲ˼˵ִźӵ̱ļƹġ
ʱϣԼĴʲôģۺϵȻϡֳʽֻҪзõõǮġ
Ҳ̫⣬ɵľǵòм񲻺ãͰӵЩҲҪˡһ˻ˣǵ˵ʲôģǴ¶
ι껶󣬳Ȼһظ롣
ǣҼסһˡ
Ƶ¸ŵŵӦţ󣬻Ǿһ䣬ǣҿö˼ļʱ򣬶ɱԼԵġôļвһֻİ
תȻ֪Ľڼ֡
Ƶ¸ǲ˽ּΣԡһļû¶һߺУҲԵأʱˣʮҲİ۲ȥԼǵӼ⣬ֻҪǮΪ˻㹻ˡ
˵ʮ⳥ģƵ¸ҲŵǺ
ǣ̣ļӵСһɾˡ
ȥˣȻŷĵǰС
ǰɽһƬɽأڻڿĵС
̣˵ֲľ޸ɻ֮ģǻûô˵ʵľЩֳ̫ġЩ۷䣬˵Գš۷䣬ҲлԴС
ԭֻǻƵ¸һᣬȻȴ˼ת
֮ǰһƬɽȷʵֲľ֮ЩҰһƳɸɻ۵ȫУǼֵĻԴԤЩͺߵĸɻһǸܲ׬Ǯŵ
ǣ㣬ľЩǮĶô
˵ֲЩĢ֮ġǳˣʲôĢľȻ˲ٵʱˣĿǰûջ
ţ۷䣬⵹Ǹ뷨ֻ˵ģڣȷʵǸ⡣ǣ˵Ǿûа취ˡֳĻһƬƬĻɽҰģȫչֳ໨ĵط˵´壬᲻ɻˣ
ѻֳóȥȥһƬûɶ̫˹
ȻؿƵ¸գڵҲ֪ҪгĹˣҵæȷʵѧ˲ٵĶҪֲ϶Ҫ뵽··ãһлﶼǰ˵Ƶ¸ûз֣һƬطȻβôãЩͨĻݵȴǼǿġϰߣֻҪǼֻԸ㶨ġǿԿһЩɫļ֡⼸ҰǺһЩĻӽôģ
У۵⣬Ǳ㣬ǿԶ֪ģھؼ·̵ĻǣһƬ󻨳ǰÿȥǱߵĻɲ١ЩطһЩǿˣ⻨г·ôôİɣСšˣֲҵ
۷ҲһġЩ׼ԺԼáڻֲһۻֲһЩļĹҵ
ҵҲˣ԰ѹɹɣˮͷЩţӣ߳ҲӣȫĻǼġЩԲٳһмá
Ȼϸ˵ָƵ¸ֺˣҲ˷ˡ䣬۷⻹ģڱһϸһչȻͼǰ;ġ
̣Ҳò㰡˵ҲûҪһЩ۷ġ۷䣬֪ôŵͬӣ˵뷨ôͲһأ
ȻɪˣƨһǣҪôĶңҵĳġ


270 ɹо

Ƶ¸һ㶣ͷٺٵغЦ
ԶԶؿܰ߶ء
žһС
յӵϣµӰµҶӣϣ·һԳһƯĲ˼ĺӣУǸЦԶмӣλ˼ұ˵Ц
ȻźǿĵЦüۼ䣬ȫŨŨҸСŮ˵ζ
ܰҲЦˣԽĸмСŮˣԽ˼ȿͷ
еһУζ
ϱáҹСĿϣܰϢһֱŲ˳
ʵһֱû˵㣬Ҳá
Ȼ§˵Ĳϵغһ˵һٶȶɰѳȻֱߺߣˣġ˵ڵļȫ¾ˡ
ٺ٣ǾڰϻҪӾϱӾ
ðɣ˵Ůֹԭ⻰˵ֹļӾ㵱ߴддӾأ
ڶһ磬ȻΪһ͵ġǣڵ̫̫ۣһû
ܰ˯ϱһȥ˿˯ĺӣȭ󣬱㿪ʼȥժЩʵĲˡ
ͣȻˡ
һŹǷ׼͵ģһϴ˵ܰŵһ£Щ˯棬ܵӰ١
١ү
ܰ𾪣ٳ⣬컹ûأƼҵĵ硣
簡Ƽҵģȥ²֮ģҽΪǰӳԡ
ƼҵɵɵӦһŶ󣬸Ͻȥ²ˡ
󣬻òʵү߸ϵүȻΪ
¶ǵŮôô͵ѽ
ϴ˵ʱòʵʱʱ͵һ棬ܰ
ţү棬ļƣ治һ
ӣһ
һƵ¸գҪԷУҪǾǴִֽţֻ棬Ĳˡ
ү෨һַ֪ĺõġ
үȻĻգƼҵĸ̾
ҲȤˣȻȻһءҲŵģԾ͸ЩԵġˣһҲҰĽӡ
á
ү˵ȥûŰȻܳԵүĽӣأͬŮˣôô̵أ
ĺã˳Ưˮ飬˺ͺӣһһĺ˶ɹŮˣɶ¶ɹ
ƼҵĽֻܴ֡ͱ˻ƼҵĸƤܰӡ
ҪǰƼҵľǰѽһҲ¡ܰӣǰİ
ȻһЩɫ߲Ҷ棬ϳƤɫֺÿһ
Ļл߶
Ǿı߶ĻƼҵֱ̾ϸĵ˺ǣǺð
ȫǰˣһ˲½
һ˵ܰڰӣҲǺðûӦһһܲӡ
ܰеһ䡣
ڿǲĽӣҲգһƼҵľΪרһءЩӻǵȻȻѾͷǸġ
һ㶣С⻰Ǹɶ˼
˼˵óģ
ΣȻѾͷǼһﶼܳţСӵĸأƾʲôͲܳˡ
ҪԽӣɫҲûһЩ
Ҳգ˼ҵԼġ
ԺȥˣԼԼİֻ۱ֻ۰ɡôԺ˵
һ룬ڼȻس˳ܰӣǳҵϰǺǣǡ£¶

ϣһ˵ܰ԰ӣȻ˯͹Ҳסˡ
Ѿͷô鴲˯أⲻôȥȥ⻵Ѿͷ浱Լء
ЦڵǸϽ㰡ȻѾͷ̫ˣȥ
˵Ů̺˺ӣɶ쾭¶
ǲⷴòϱ顣ǿ¶
ΪˣľΡ
ԭJһأϽ޷ʲôġ
ɿŲԶбԼܰ˵ĻͱˣﰡﰡۻȻѾͷ⺢Ӱӻһֱɽܣִӣֲ¶ͦ˵ģۡۼԵģӦõģӦõġ
̫̫Ϊ˳ܰĽӣҲǻȥˡû취ҲаJĺӣ˼ֻ죬㻹ѵϱҲ죿
ܰһΡǰûϸкβס
װ˳ˣȻˡ
Ǽ¶ôͲءʵǺ޲ðȻȻͺǣ˰Щ˶Ҳ
ƴΪʲô
ΪҪͼɹоô
ҵɹǰ;ϱӵĶˣֻһЩܼ¶˭ˣ
ӴĳȻԼĸ΢ţһ㿴˨Χȹܰ
ðɣϵĿһλʹΧȹڵȻۣǣ̫е㲻ҿ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼһ𴲣ᱻô˿ˡǻϷ򸾣ҲùŹֵ
Ϊ˲ȣϽ
Ъȥ
һ㣬ţһһӰ
Щţ⺢ӣ֪ȣ㻹е
һˣ̾ǲһ㰡˼ңֻһ仰˸üһˣˣТ˳ҲˡŮˣ㲻һöһҪ¶Ҫ˲Լͦ۵ġ
һͣڳԵĺܾˡţԺеĵɪˣۼҵӣĺãǰӦԣЩ˼ķˣҲǸء
СžҲԵĻʵСǱλΧм䣬һ߶һڣԵ͡
ƼҷҲүĽˣ÷¸һ˵úúá
ĻƼҵĲ㿴˼үܰ㣬֪ˡԻء
ٺ٣ϱҪҲһأҲһ㳢
Ƽҵ⻰ˣˬӦ£Ժٽ㡣ɵѧҪûүĺãҿɲġ
󣬳ȻʶظϽæʰ
λȻûϵ˵ٲ֣϶ᱻŵġΪԼ룬һٶʮڿ졣


271 

Ļϴ밡ȥ̺ںүǡ
ȻָϽȥɶһΪ衣
ܰүƵģ̵ؿżСͣϱˮ˼ҵྶɽСӣƺĲ
ЪûһƵ¸ձ㿪ʼˣһܰɽȥˡ
ܰվҪߣ·ˡ
Ȼںһ·ɽɽ֮ģǻһֲĺá
ܰϱΪԼ·Ϳ۾Ų۶ˣסֶק
һȵӡ
ش˺ð죬Ųɿ
ϱһٴҰζ
ɽҰҪ˵ǺܶġֻԻ˼ҲࡣԴеˣҲ̫ࡣ
ܰἸֵļһɽԣ׼ͷо֮ģһɽ϶еһƴġ
֮ǰĻƵ¸ֻǸųȻ죬ڴ֮ģҲƾΪܰһɽһֻӣһֻҰľ͵¡
һʱ䣬иųɽȫܰԱ
ЩСҲ԰
ֹܰſֺǺǵŵСɽС֮ġ
Щջͦģҵһֻͷġ
һ˵ͷƵ¸պ˾ͼˡ
ѽүɲҪۿɲϣһ֮ġǲ֪ɽ˵شӳֵġȥʱ˵һͷͻˣºҲҵһ͸ʧһˡ¶Ҳ͸ԸҪźá
ܰȴȤдӣãԶһ㣬⺦
Ƶ¸һ˵ҪϻǼǺ¡
ǡҪ˰ɣүǿǴϻҵǰүȻǴǲһξһҲ˵ء
ܰһЦ޷ֻҪĴڣұ֤µġ
ĵعϵⶫǳȻϴ͸ġ
һֱųһΡ
ϻһԡ
Ҫģܴһֻϻȫ˶еûԣõ¶
ôһ룬ܰ
קסƵ¸ձɽȥȻһ·ߣЩǺŵġ
ɽɻģ·֮ġ
Ƶ¸ԽĶԽľ塣
Ҫ֪ɽ棬ľģⶼҫĵطֻоϮˡһֻϻбɶģؿôӣ
үۣۻǻذɣطͦ˵ġ
Ƶ¸Խ⵨ӾԽС
һүˣܼҵ˻ðƤ
뵽Ƶ¸ոǺ¡ͻȻãôүԣ治ǸǵΪ
꣬ȥҲ²ⲻǰдڲҿȥ
ڣܰ۵ǰܶȥ
¿ɰѻƵ¸ոŵӴȥѲţү
أȶӶڴ°
໺𡭡
ͻȻ䣬һ춯صĻЮһһ𣬻Ƶ¸һֱſڵˡ
̣ҶԲס㰡
ŲԶĻбģ̰ҶԲס㣬ľ͵عѣأϱҿô
˻ء𡭡
ڵľ춯صһ¡ľһж˼ž
Ƶ¸պԶĴȫضǸֻһƬŨ̹һܰɤŶ𣬡Ͻ̧
Ƶ¸һվˡҵ찡үˣүүү
ֵߵߵĺӣȫ˸ղŵſڵϵ¶
ܰɤŵĻĺԶȻһʮһɤŶɽĴȫ˹
ը˵ϻһͷʱֻɵ۵ķݶ
ϻըˣڿӣүõɶ
֪ľӶ֪࣬ܰõ͵ĸը
ʵڿЧʱܰҲһŨҵըҩζԼƻ˵ĳЧؼɵȻǸطˣжţ
ʱǰʦү˵һ仰
һλǸطľ˵һ硣ַòҪԽͿ̿
үõɶûҪеĻܸܲۼҪĴһӼըȥ
ʣǼʵܰĨ
ûУϽʰЩһȥȫ˶ҰζŪ̫˹ǲϴֵء
ĹЦǿɲǣһϴջˣʹסǣɻඡ
ְ˽ŵأһ˵ˡ
ǻбӵģɽʮӣҲ㹻̧Żشˡ
ϲǣڻس̵·ϣܰɱһͷҰ
ܰһȺʱëҪ˹ʱںŵһм˿ӡ
ܰļȥǰͷɱڵ
ѽ谡үԣоˬҪģա
Ƶ¸պٺٵЦ
뻹ӦþһЩմ¶Ժ̸ڶӽǰҲӰ
Ƶ¸գͼڶǰӢۡ˼үӢۣڶǰҲǸӵĺءѽүСүû˵ҿŶĽĽ
˵ﻰܰҷӦţƺӦǰһ
ðɣȥƸرһŶ
ǣһʱСèľһǸƨ͵Сӡ

СָҰ˵֣˵ϳˣϽ
ҼҾ治Ȼ֪ҰһԿȥߣؼඡ
΢үȫһĨ
ôүأǸӡؼҺ庢ǸģˣϵˣΪ˴£ǺһүǵĲһ
԰ҪǲˣһǵöףżүϱӺϼ֣Ч᲻һ
ܰҲ뵽лشı֣Ȼȫĺǣ̵ķʡһɳޣ޵ĺ÷
Ϊˣ´ˣֱȫʮ˵ضĶ
Ůͼ´УǶ˻ˣǶ˻ޣǶĺӻǮǶĺ
ԳȻΪ׵һŮǣһȺȫˤȫ͵ǣŸɫشʱȫĿࡣ
һλʮˣǸиǧһôãûôش尡ϻִӵ¶Ҳ˲ܸ㶨Ļ룬ˣܿŵϻŻⰡ


272 ȫۻ

ǳȻڿͷϻбϵĽۺȻ飬øըըϻȥˡ
˼һһ߶˸ը㶨ò˵һĴһĿɲһԩ
гԵģǺ飬Ǻһȫ˶ߺţһüϡ
ǹŴʶǺǿġ
һ㶼á
ļ֮ģܼңרŵá
ÿȫ͵ľۻᣬļҰϲ¶⿪ĵط졣
´ĺϲ¶һ˵ڴýеġ
ϵȫۻᣬҲƬطС
ȫصľۻᰡҲǴ룬˭иĺ¶Żȫۻᡣ
ǰԼŵյóžƣŮǣźǡ
˼һСĴţһأһŶĵط
ڿһҲЦ
ĸıԸҲţһ̵ڣҲǸŴ壬Ӹ̬˼ҡ
ɫ̫Ǵӵм䣬űԼܸɣͣ죬ӡ
һ죬һЩӵĴĽţ佱ţȻʵһѡ
Ϸ˰ǸܸɵġǼҪܳһүжո档Ҳ°
ѽҪ˵̫̫ҼСӰһҾ֪ء̫̫ǰͽ˶ٵĺ¶̵ܽү˶أ̫̫㴫Щ¡
ȻһµǣɱôĽ̾ڻе˿ǰԺ
ǺǣҼСҴҲСĶˣ̵ϱΪǺõġ
˵ͦġ
ϾһȺ⺬ˣһľͲôĶˡ
˳ɤǸˣ㵹˵˵⵽ô̵ģҲҼҶϱТ˳İѽǲ֪ϱҵѱôҲòþ֮û¾ͰѶӹŲء
ɲôҼϱ⵱ĺͶ˵仰֧ŶǶҪƵķš˵ģҰȢϱˣеϱΪҡʲô°ޣ
Щڵͽѵ
ѽҲ밡¹ôģϱʼ϶ճֻ۱ֻ۾ͺáһЩϸӣ⻹Ǻ¶ǺǣҪģСʱģⳤ˰͵ϱġõİ취ǰϱԼ߶һӿɾͺͺඡ
⻰ӣһʱȫݵ
ˣɵ˾̸֮Уǽһ취ˡۼöϱͺһ㡣ѽأȻѾͷ϶ǺõİɣѹȻѾͷүá㣬ûû˵أ飬ΪԵʣ
ںǺǵЦȴţжԳȻô
ţǵø˼һˡҪһȺû¾ԼĴ
һ룬ĶԳȻٶȺһЩ
飬滮Ĳˡ
ǴڡȻţֵһεڹˣһܸ
ڡʵһֿǰһЩһʽ
ÿ굽ֽյʱ򣬼ҼһܶóԵıе֮İϡ
˭ҰڵĺãǰӲ˵ҪģչԼһ¡
Ȼֻһ־У˾ǰһشĽΪˣȻҲ߻ţ׼Ҫһҵףˡ
ϾҲ̵ˣˣҲˡҪĵģȻҲöһЩ
ҪģȻҲһᣬһ´ס
طһֱһϰף˭ҵǮˣеǳǮ·
еͳԷʱȷʵͳԷġ˵û񫣬Ϊ˳ȻãҲȱ⼸ԷǮԵģ󲿷ֵʳģŴ˰ѳʳټš
ʹһ˵һ̿ˮ
ѽܶҰãðܴٽ꣬ôһһҲֺһ¡Ǵﰡһٴ尡Ǵûôշ㣬Ĵ£ٴ˼ҶЩǶп
ȻҲĵЦˡ
ǰһȺ˿ֻŹСǮϲ㣬ˮ˼Դš
˰ڸк󣬳İٰ۹ҲͷųЩ
ǰˣñ˼ҸˡΪ˶ĺܣΨһУǴݡ⣬ҲǹŽĳ
ڲһˣǸˣǴҲŸ濴ĶĹ㣬ЩҲ͵ࡣ
ӦеԱƣҲͻָ˲١һֺ󣬲ôʱȷʵбҪű߸ԣСһ磬һûȷ⺢Ҳ֪ᵽȥ

ѽѾͷиŮҪãϽ
ֺǺǵССѾͷʵ˦Ÿ첲ϵȦӡ
桭

Ȼе棬ɳȻţȴоǽгû취ѧ˵ĺֺʱ֣Сһֲ塣
õǣŶƺǸѵġһֱѧ֣ѧ֮ģʼе˵
ֺܰһȺɽȥˡ
صСɽܰȻ˴ԡΪҪʽһȫүǣܳĶˡܴԱܵģ͵ſ
ָܰڣһ˾ȻܿûغܶܶΪˣȻҲܵ⡣ϾˣоҲ
ͻƼҵһŶĻ˼ŵ׻Щ㴫
ˣ˰ܼҵүȻһֻǮӣǴͷŸСɽƵġ
𣬳ȻŵĸϽŶ˳
Ǯӣûˣ
һ˵Ĵͷǲġ
ˣ˱¶Ż׷
ٺ٣һһצӣһŵĹɽ¡
Ա߶ҲŰ
գϽл
ݺݵصһ۳ȻͲû˵ϹҼųȥɪɶںˣˡȻǵģ֪ܰûô
ٺ٣̫̫ҵءһҲûУ˵⼸˼ôӢ۵һλǴˣСӶ࣬үˣĵûС
һԼû¶ˡ
ٱ˿佱ţϵЦҲ͸ˡ
ͷҪԳȻ˵ûʾáȴȻǰˡ


273 ѧϰ»

ɬƢء
ʵȻûһ˼ƽϡҪ¶ôԼԼءһɽ򻢴ӵģҲ³¶
ֺãҲ
Ҫ˵ֺãȻ治ôšʵɣ֮ǰ˼ö̼һԸҳֵİա
ڴڵĴϣվ˻ӭԹĴǡ
ǰǴΪġÿγУǹʱȫĴӭӡԴ˾ԵĴͳʽȻˣ˼һǻڹġ
ⲻܰڵʱû¾ʹɽԣȫ˵ļල£ӭӻģʽٶ
Ϊ׵ļλˣΡΡسף衣
˵λȱ峤ָ˰˺̧ؼңôҰи࿴ˣȷֻˣû˼θ֮ģںƵõָ󣬴ǵĲ
ϾΪһξۻ˳֮ģɲô
ԵĺǣŸ첲ŵһ۾ػȻȫۣԭʼϢȴóȻü۶Цˡ
ȺмܰرĴۡ
Ÿ첲ÿһϵļⶼڲ޳˶ĳһһ䣬ֻҰʮ㡣Ż죬˾ȻǻҰԴڡ
˵һɨȻʱü˵ĵЦݣȻϲӭȥ
̫ˡ
ô˵һ佱ɰֵܰġ
Сӵһﲱ˵ڵϡ
ϱҸԵһֻƤȥһһ˫Ƥ
ƨɺקһɫƤƤëһǸȻȻ۾ݵؿ̫ˡ
ҪôΧţСϱ϶һġ
ܰϱ񣬺ٺٵţȫ˵Ľл˼ҡ
õĵط峤ʱֻı档
򻢣컹ӣѽһ£ǴҪȥ֮ģҲ̫ˡһ鶼ԵĲˣԺɽҲȫһЩ
ܼҵү˲ٹ
ǣ˼ҳʲô˳Ʒ૷ġǽףþе¡һЩа
峤˷ܵһεʢᣬȻԼҵĴӢӭ˻ؼҡһңڵƵĳ˳
Ҫ
ֵܰĶŰСһ§ٷŵ
û
롣
Ļشֱܰĸζˡ
ŶԶؿţֱȻ֣ƵصǰͷڳȻһ
ѽҼҹԶӣ涮ءģӢ۵ģȥǱߣһ¡
ſŵͷԼĸߴˣԥһ£Ǵչȥ
һɾСࡣضܰҪҪһģ׵һأŶˣ᲻ᣡСӡ
˵ˣǺϲŮڻζġܰʾŶԼСһϽȥסСſɾͼˡ
ҪףҪס
ǶˣͻᱻŸƵġ
ţҲһܰˬʵشЦŰѶҲ§
Ȼ˿µľ̫ܰƫľšϾŮҪڵǰɳźȻкȷʵҪĥţϣܰģܺŶ๵ཻܸ֮ͨһЩ
ʱչЩªϰЩµġ
ڿɺãܰԶӲ̫ԣԡ
Ҳ§һСУҲҪ
裬ɰѾֻˡ
СѾͷЦţת§ܰӢ۲ϵףġ
üһôСͿʼռǿˣȻɲҲС§ڻһġ
źڳ۾΢ŵƺڿ顣ܰҲϽһڣţġ

˵꣬ܰԼҲЦˡӣгȻԶôһĺһ
ԶںͻƵ¸һҲЦǺǵؿһСھؿܰϵЦݣЦݣܸǾԲڵġ
Ҫ֪Сͱ̵ţҪ¶⣬һжøĪȵһС
ΪСĽѵܸĺȻûһܰĵسЦ
ǽ죬ܰ㷢ĵҸĳЦݣͻȻãܰʵ
֪ôģôҸһӣڵģΪʧ䡣
Ϊܼ˷ֳ׳ڵķٵزǣģԶһЩĲ͵αЦݡԼĶǵҶᡣǰǼ˼ġ
Ϊ˲ƲΪǰ;ƣվһߣԹ۲šٴǿһλ̳мһУνļˡ
ʱԭӦǴͥӦӵеġڣܰ㳩ЦݣȴãԼһƺˡ
̼ʮأգһȻûջ񼸷ĿĵЦַ֮ۡ
Ƶ¸շҲĽġ
ǻƼҵģĽĲˡ
ͱһ»Ƶ¸գ˼һҶãһľͷƵģүѧŵ
Ƶ¸պٺٵЦͷȥȥģЩûõĶүǵģҪ
ҪôţƵ¸û˵ȥϱ۵ӣʵ׺ءҪ˵ˣϻ˯
ڣҲһҪ˵ôģҸûꡣ
ңȥŶȥȥ׽Щëз
ڣëзӳˡ
ǰǲôֶԴӳȻ˺Ҳֶ֪ǲǮ˼ңǰ˱ζҪ׽ЩʵȥԼҵĳ׽ˡ
ֻΪҰĶĲ
ȥˣϲŸϽһ
ȻѺӷ£žȥҪ̫ԶŶ
СһǸµģ¾ҰһЩˤһһµģҲд󰭡ο˵лƼҵļССġԳȻҲСһ
ڳĶĵĻǲȤġֳɹ˵ҲôţҲžһȥˡ
ܰϴּ֣Ŷӡ
ֵĹҵһֱߺţѽңҰãǶҰ
ЩǵȫӦġȻҲżԹһֳֻ֪ɵġ濴ܰ־ͦ˼ġ
û£ҸȻѾͷѧһЩ»ϱʦ
Ҫģһֿ֥ӡ
ʵֱӣеִűķʽִĻһģǴֹӿġ


274 С̰

ֱӣиɫθġϾһ˶࣬Ȼ͵öһЩ
帣߲ģܰȫ
Ӵҿ׼ĲϣҪʳܰŰһѵʳϣ²˳Ȼ뷨
ŰѵĻһˣָļ룬԰ȫһġһƼҵĻдĴСϱһЩЩǾ͸Щá
Ƽҵ˵ţЦǰᶫͰѶȥٶȿ죬Ҳ϶ըġ
Ҫը˳ϣ˳һġϾϲ
һõϣб֮Ķ˳ȥһļŴϣڷ˸ɫĲϡ
͵ŶĴϱģҲʱ򴩴к󣬱һ¿ʼְըʳ֮ġ
רŸΪ˰ϲµļλӣŴ©ףʼڹеըЩʳ
䣬Ҳϻ˸ӡ
ЩСһǳζǰΧۡ
Ҫ͹ӵģϱǺһŵС˺һ񣬻ճڹЩɫҮŲ
̰Եģûһȥ
ϱǸߺԼҵǣȴҲһǵȥȥˣԡɾֻܳһʶõ֮ٳӵ
ǵİըԲӣӵģֵĺٺٵЦţҲ˲ⶫģ͡
иСģ̵ۿޣȴ᲻ðʳ³ֱ۵˦첲ġ

һȺǣСƤʵ̰Եӣֵǰ˺ġ
ùֲ˼ģԼޣϢﲻúóԷȴͶ̥ƵġǸϲ̨Ķ㴵ųԲɰ
ĸġ
ɲôСʱ򻹲һġ
ҼҵҲĸСƵģ
ŮǵĻ⣬һϣǾܻᳶġ
һȻԺӾֵĽСź;˰Χм䣬һѣǸһ¡
ڿţüšĽġ
ЩºӣһԼӣϾһСצӡôһĹ۵ĵСǱȾﺢӡ
뷢𣬵ŲԶܰɨӵĴȰˣĲϣȥɡ߶ôҲ˳ġ
ĺðס˽Ŷ⺢ӳķ۵ģȾҪס
ŶӾϵƯСѣƤ֮ģҰѾͷ
ʤСģľ£ٻȻƤЩʤƯҲ˵ϲŶȣ⺢ӾȫǸѾͷˡ
Ƥ۵ĸˮƵģһ˫۾ˮۡ߳ȥѾͷǵϲһȺﺢӣҲϡĽ
ʱһİΧм䣬еӴһģȥǣ
ŶǸƢģ˼˵ģͻŤŤӣܿ˵צӡ
ÿ
һӿŶϵȦѮôĺӣǼõģҲշȦӡ
Сͼϡ棬Ưŵǻʵİ˱ǴƯĺܡ
иһϲקסҪߡ
СüϵӾô˺
ĺչҪһЩǰǿק
űûأ㱻һǺ
˺ӣô˵أһ߶ȥ
˵ڲСһһѡ
ۡˡ
ССĺӣƳüԶ˵صڵϾ۴һʱ䣬Եһңһͻأ
ԶϱǣȫͣĻ
ţţҵţţ
иḾ˳§ԼҺӼһӵĵطˣ˲ٵѪͻͷջˡܼ̣ôҲˡôԺôصأ
ûԼߵصǻڳҭؿĺӣߣԼΪʲôҪҼŵĶҪܳԼҵĺû̵ãҡû˼ҡ
⻰ϱͺ˵Щʲô˳ʹɫܼǴңС˼ҵģǰ
ȻǺ˶ܼҵ˶ؿ˰
ߡ
ϱչԼҺľ͹˼ҡ
ȻһĻܹ˴һü΢΢
ӣҲ⣬ϾܼҸλⷢˡҪ˼ŶѡչҲСģҲָڡ
죬ЩóԵĵģйȥҡ
ء
ԼС첲ϵˣϵˮŻܡ
ȥ˼ҵģȥק˼ҵġʲôأǵȥקҪ˼ҲŹء
侲Ҳ֪ܼǲá
ûõûû»ˣҴСӡ
Ȼ
㶣Ĩȥϵˮš
һ۳ȻŵĴСɫЩΡ
ɡ
Сһ߶Ȼ֣
ҲСԹվڳȻû
ţȥ͸һȻšСһٿ˿ԥ˹ȥ
굽Щÿ⡣ԼСٿɾŶ⺢ࡣ
ҲǴȥ˶˼ңĸմҰġһ棬Ǻ¶
׺͵ûԼˡҲжˣŶүǲһġиüҡ
˵ʲôüҰǵﷲġ۲˵Щţţ첲ںЩû
Ȼר˵ţţĦƤȻ˵˲أڹذ֮ĻǵϾҲȷʵǲԵġ
ûɶ¶ˡСƤʵأƽʱûҲڡܵСˣɶ
귴ǲ˼ˡȻǣţţ첲Ϻ˺ǡţţǺ˵һԲŶŵƢáҲǷǵ㣬ӼЩ
᷽ϸģͲСϲ̧ͷõЦˡгԵġ
һָԶĳʳС۾ð̹ˡ
ѵһССһӣͷųؿŸˡ
С̰ԵģģǾŰա
ʵҲû̫Զ
ԳȻҲ֡
ºֻлһЩ֮ǰĲ¶


275 

֪ȻæأοԼ˸оͦ˼ġ
ҲǸˬ˶һ죬ߣҲϽȥȥЩɵ鲻ð
ȻСе㲻ͬԣͬѼϾҲСԣСҲкСദһҲںһ
óȻǣСһȻüĺӡ
ʯͷһ£ţţƨߵߵΪʯͷţţӣΪСŶӦµ̺򡣽ӹʯͷصͷСĸ˹ֱ֡
Ӵүôϳɵӣ̣ԺӲ˰ڿһ仰СүôС˵ϵԺǸء
ãһ˵Ǵء
ȻЦԼҶôСı֣ҲЩΡ
ʵϣСŲҪô֮档Сһ̫֮Ȥʯͷʵء˲֪ģоʯͷ
СţţҲչȥһϣһоСţţѧҧǰڼҷӣֱһȺЦͣ
һߵľǺӳ⣬һ㣬ߵﶼһȺӸתת
㣬
СһӣһѾͷϽյ⡣
һָԶĲ۸ԼС
ᡭ
򵥵һ֣ȻҪֹ
ۡ
ǸСͱͬСѾͷһСŮӿۿСգգ۾Щ޴ؿž
⻵ѾͷקסѾܡ
һ£С첲СȶȻܵܺʹѾ
һȺٶȹЦ
ǱĴޣǶίؿš׷ɣе²ӡ
׷ɣС鶼ˣһŶ
ҲأӲûôԿĿֻǺһۣģѾ㣬Ͳְ֪⺢ӣǸ㶵ģֻ֪۸Сġ۸СģԺ۸˾Ͳˡ
ȻϽһըõӸСǺҲ˿ޣֻʣ˳ʳ
ҰѾͷͷͽѵȥ
룬Ȼֻһ˵һȺŮСȴӦˡ
˵̰ɱѵ֮ǰǴ۸˾СһأôһѾͷĺѵⰡɱ⺢Ӵңۻء
ΪȻĹϵڴﲻ˶ѾͷСĹҲЩ΢ĸı䡣ǰСѾͷƬӣǵӡ棬ǸֵǮⱾ
أﲻѾͷļҲǰˡ
ʲô˵ҼҵȫѾͷޣɱ𿴲Ѿͷˡ㣬ڵѾͷҲд͵ġ֪λгȻƹĲ߹أ˾ǵλȻƹģǴˣҲѾͷôţмܱȵϣ
ѽѾͷҲ˵ءѾͷҲǲáͿô̵ˡУҲҼѾͷӴһЩˡܹܳϢۼѾͷ˵ƹôͣԺ۸Ҳа
۸ҼҵѾͷѾġ
Ϊ˶ѾͷĿ仯ˣڴǶѾͷˣҲʼ
ˣҲ˳ˡǺ˱㷢֣ʵкܶѾͷ˴ء
˭ҵѾͷĿ죬ֶģö˼ľˡΪģֻΪԼԺҲа
´ŮңΪȻķṦΰǼһεġ
ҹһȺֱæҹʱ֣ŰЩŶըá
еʳըú󣬱㱻˰ᵽ˴ô
ΪЩʳڻ˼ֵصˡ
ڶ켪ʱȻһ˶һ̫̫Ҳشһء
Ȼ˼Ҳô𣬿ɶ֮ģǺܾء
Сź;ոµĺɫϲӣͬոµһģһϲСԽӡ۷ۣһŶ
ϾЦݣֱܰҲһ¡
ѽˣϧôѧӻһϲͼء
ѧҲļȻգ۾ʵܰǻửġֻʱôܻӵ֮ġ
ңʱҲˡ֪٩ԼܰһۣǷʰ˰ɡ
ɨĳһۣȻȫѾģܲ޳һЩ
û¾ͺ˵ʲôּ̽⡣⻰ֱ˵ô
ڵزףкһȺСôȥ˴á
һǰڼʱǰģö˼ң֪ϲڣѼ޵ĹŮҲ˻ڵǰΧŵȫɽ˺ݡ
ܰһ˵ʱֳ˵Χۡû취ڵĳȻܰȫˡ
һ˵񣬾ǴһġⳡóȻʵĺһѡ
СѾͷƬӣȻʱĹɶ¡
С첲Χ۵ȺţﻹԹɵؽţãүүã̺ãźãҺá
ÿһ䣬Сƾ͹һ¡ϲӣж˰ˡ
ٺܰһɽԵĺӣҲ˵ԼŮôôɿ˵ġʱֻǸЦšڿʵˣ֪ܰ˵ĿһҲŰ
ҪģСѾͷɿĶ
ٿԼҵѾͷ˵ͬС˶զֻ۾űǶԵأڱҪиˣ˼Сһ㾱һ񡣲УСǳԸ
Ǻԭе߶ڳȻϵģȴȫΪĹɿɰȫСһˡ
ôϲĺӣҲǰĲˡãʱҪ帣ͯӵġһ˵帣ͯӣҪһЩʹЩĲС
ŴĺÿòҲۡ˱뷨
ү̣ܲ¶žͯӡһĹֻҪǰѶǰá
ԽԽ۰ҲСŮǣŮݲߴģǲԸˡ
ںĻﲻҳء
ɡȻûļأֱܰӦ¡
ȻЩΪѣǸȥ⣬Ҿ͵ĵʱӲզ
ӱϾСడ¶ڴ˵Ǵ¼һ˵֮ģð˸ȥ
ģ̣ͷİɡžǵСôʲ˶ǵޣǴջʢ
峤֣ȻҲͲٷԡܰŵĺܣϱİɣۼҺӶеĻмеģöۼҺš


276 Ž

ãҲδ̫ǿ˵㡣ӿչǶడȻûֻ֨žһأҲ֪СһûССһصͷȻһ䣬н
ȻܰЦھ͸һֱ˶Сһֵļ۵ġ
ҪŶһҪŵִĶ
ΪȻ˵˾̫ҰĶЩŮĻġܰҪһЩҰԵߣҲֹ˵ġ
ƫƫСѾͷŮĶǲⲻܰ͸ŵĴĿӣǰˡȻûˡȻò̾⺢ӴСǸġ
̫̫ĵ˲˵ĹעϾܼҵڣϿǺܳġ
ŽشҪȻֻһ֮أϵ˼Ҳͷ⣬¡Ĳˡ
ϵһЩɴ壬Ǳ֪Щ˼ңҲ֪ܼǸ塣Ϊˣܼҵǰ˲˵ļΧۡ
ԺõȻǸ߰ĺܣչûз£һһСŪ·Ҳֻüû˵̫Ĵ˵Ļ
ǰӭӵõǰվãº󣬱һӦĹ֮ﰤŰȵʱˣź;Ÿ֮ǰ
һŵǸ帣ÿļһ棬СţӶԴ󡣿СһһһǰȻʵᵽɤ۶
ӾһЩֻװһЩ֮ġϾ󣬵Ȼũҵֲ֮ġȷũĸ֮ˡ
СȻŲЩƣҲ㰲ȫذ˹ĵط
ɴϸ˽ӹӣٹذڷŵǰǰˣȫ¹֮Ļ
һ̣˶Դûһ֣߲ġ֮ǰĺǣҲһ̱Ⱦıս͡
ȻܰҲׯصعڵء
ϣȫƽȻĲûбģһ䡣
ˣЩǴĻ֮һҪ֪ʱҲǳƤԵʱˡ
ΪȻĳʣȫĴ񣬶Դһ١
ˮľϯһ̧ʮˣмѼ⣬ȵȡ
̫̫һһֻձͷԼԵȵȡһȫͷ˲ġ̫̫ܰȻڴ˴
ģǴһЩҪԱ
ںǣ򱻻ƼҵķһСһǣ˲ׯ峤ʲôģϸЦݲϡ
峤ھٱʱ򣬺Ǹ̾һ䡣
;ò˼鰡ǰׯ˵ϱûͷĴӡڣȫûһǹǴеɵĶӣҲңһᲱϱÿÿ˲ٵǮһ˵´尡˶ĽĽö˶δĴָ֪һУ˺ŵõıġһǳĳ⾴ġ
һŵ̫̫ɫЩ
һľȻҵϱֻܰǰ裬ôôûӡ
ڵģҲǸġһ̫̫ɫƣҲϽӡ
ϷˣҲò˵һӣһϱôɫĺ㣬˶һҾϷ㣬ϣӡ
Щ̫̫Ժ˵㡣ǫ˼䣬һ˿ǶӳԺ
ۻлƼҷЭͬһʰо֡ʵҲûʲôʰģ޷Ǿϴϴ룬԰ԼṩһЩȥְټᣬǴӸҸļó꣬ΰ֮İھۻĵطϾһͥǲṩ˶Ĺߡ
󣬵ڶȻһ˾Ҫˡ
ʱһСǾȻǲġ
ǸСӣǿҪߣ޵Ļġ
ԣ»㡣ܴ˼ҵһģ̫̫ҲֺǸͣŮԽԽˡǰǾŶﲻģԽ;ӴԽѾͷĸԸ
ʼΪܰԵʲŽӽģôڣϲСѾͷתˡ
ҲвǰС
ڵļЩز޷ǾǵĻӶй֮ġ
ȻҲûֱˡЩҰ֮ģ˵һƬ⣬ǲ£һ˼ҵ
磬֮ǰźţţ˱ŤȻ֮ϿҲΪʱֻҪһܸ뵽СһҪߣţţȻЩʳ
ʱţţ㲻ŵ֣ӣͲû˵Ҳ߰ɡ
ƺеܲ𣬵ͷСȱͷҲص뿪ٶȣóȻֱҡͷ⺢ӣô˵侲ء
̫̫˵ģµļʡʶһȥֻȫʲôģһȺ˵Ҳ³оܲϰߣΪˣһᵽҪؼˣ˶·ࡣ
Ȼͦġ
ǰᷲԵʣ뿪СׯȻмĲᡣ
һǻʱ򣬾Ƕ˵ũ԰ʱţ˵԰ġ
һũ԰Ȼ˼ˡ
Ǹ룬ǵһġ
ھŽ򶫱ߵɽĵطһȻũ԰ֻǣ룬Ŀǰ˵еѶȡϾǱߵʢ
ȥģҲֻһЩҪԵҵҰһЩӵܵȵȡ
ϱһֱǵߵĻǷΪԺũ԰滮ɡҪģŬ׬ǮһߵĵأֱǿطٰҪĶ
˵ЩܰܡһӣûΪԼҵϱҪũҵ԰ķܶĿꡣ
һ£Ȼ̾ˣЩĿ̫꣬ңԶ˵ˣŻҲô׵ؾͷŹǵġ
һ̨׬ǮĻ׾ͱߵĵһ㣬Ȼġ
һ㣬Ҳ֪ǻġܰΣһȻҲֻ뵱һ򵥵ˣȻعӱáϧǮȴȨעĽֻǱ֮
Ϊ˲Ե˲ò쳾СΣһ˿ġ
׼ܼҵʱ򣬾ǵҲн˾
ϿǰЩʿáȺеĽӺͽ糱ֵļѡ
ߵһҲ͵ųȻǷֲġ
뵽ЩĿɳٰ㼼գӻ൱ĸ̾ġӣ治һܹġ


277 ᣬǸʵ

һߵĽ糱ɫһؿš˫۾Ӳӵģ˭Ҳ뵽ǵǸͷ
ʥ󣬱ţּȥط
صʱĸ󣬽糱ͽ˶ܾ˵룬һ
ڷһмλ糱˶ˮ
гϢˣȴˡꡭ
˵
ǰЩʱҲع鵱ɽȥ
ϧһȴɽկͲڡ
ǰͷֻʣһЩǴڡ
ֱСʱ֪Ĳر﷢ֳµķźʱ˲֪ķŹǳ
ڷųɽϵĳҾѰյĽ֣˵ȫɽΪˣ糱ֵó˲֪ǻ˳ĳɽֻº͸ǵİҲйϵġ
㲻Ȼһˣյ³ֻҲ۵㸸ųɽ
ģҴӦ㲻Ѱԩԩ౨ʱˣЩ飬ǻǵȥ
Ӹ̾źžƣֵûΪ߹ٵ˷ܸСΪߵһв׸ǵĿء
˽ѧպɽϵ˾ͱѰУֻҲΪϴ׵ɡ
Ͼˣ˭ң˭ֻһȺ˵˹ءΪϵľȻɳš
Ϊǵǰ̣⻹ý糱ͽ޷ܡ
磬˵۵ôôĴءȻΪˣһ벻ͨ
糱ûнӻֻ۾ƺ˼ʲô
ߣһֱͣ档
˺þã糱ǺһЦ
ֵܣúûŰɣ֪ǵ뷨ˡЩ飬ֻĸˣŻرġУǲ˴ķԸģǱ
͢еôûġ״Ԫ󣬲֪һȦӣѡսӡҶֵ֧࣬Ļǡ
ѡĸսӣζԺվһߡ
վӣУͱɡ£ܵľǱ˹ݡЩϵûٱɵ˹ݵġһöҪھǿվֻһ֣ѡ
ˣ˵Ҳ⾩վ˽Ÿֻϧ˵㣬˶ϳһȥ³ˡ
Щź˵⼸Ϣ뾩æҪӦԵ׼ȵһаȻ˵ϢʱԷ͹˰Žȥ
ֻҪǵĸչġҪģǾĻͷϴͽæŶԡ糱ӹһ˷ܵɫʣִ֪ɵı֡Щ꣬λֵܿԽԽĪˡ
ʱ򲻵ò˵ᣬǸʵˡ
糱ֵ˲ŵ״Ԫã߹صĵطٴη˱ҡ
һʱڣ糱ֵּҪءʥ뷢չµٳ±һӣ׼ˡ
صܸĳȻҲ˽糱ֵܵϢ
ȻĵЦˡ
յֵܣȻܳ浽˵زò˵һջ񰡡
ԲԲ밲áʱȻһ۵
̧ͷ㿴һſܰС
ԲԲ˰Ͻ
ǰԲԲȻְѷһߵµһЩʱһЩӣ´ġ
ԲԲ۵ЦŵлһеĻȴЩڨڨġ
óԣ㲻֪һԻˣһֱҳĹźãȻԳŹء
Сһ۵Цţһ˫۾ر˰СһȻҲС䣬Ǻܰͬ
˸СһȻˣͰЩһ𱧻ؼȥԡ⻹ء
СԲԲл󣬿ȻЩæҲϽлȥ
ʵԴž̫̫ҲôںһԲԲˡ
ôģҲϷ˵Ը˶ҲǼõġСΪҲ飬û¾ʹܳ۵ؽ㣬㡣ȫµģȻд󶾷ȫ⺢ˡ
Ǵ󷿵ˣǶõĺܡһ㣬ȻҲ˵һҲû
߳ݺԲԲЦƯĴ۾䣬ɨһߵĻ죬ûж˵ϷߵѾͷʵҲϷָܰһСѾͷϧܰҲѾͷһۣԻҲġ
ǰĺǸġܰƢҲЩ˽⡣һܰҲʵصһū澡
Զһ͸߹ԲԲһۣ΢ɲصͷ
鸮ˣЩӦǱزٵġʱĳȻܴһȲ졣֮һģмλķˡ
ӣǵ߶һ£λ̣˼ָҪģһҲǲʵġȻ־ۻԶͺһϷĺáǲòǿӦš
ĲɵӦźŲ裬ŴڱǰԼ·֮ģȻֻֽ˿ȸӣĺܡ
ڵĴҲʳɹˣϧǣʳɹ᳤ܻٵĸ֮ġ
ˣҽʱ򿴼һĿүСʱģˡ˾Сүɣ
⻰ҵķˡ
Щֻɨһ۳ȻȴֺߵĺܣǣֻҸһλūšųФԱŵŵġ
λ˼һȻѽȻ¶С֪ĻΪү
ƺҲʶ⻰ٽȥҲ۾һתҪƶ⡣
Ȼе㷳
˵ʵẢӡ
ǸһλܰФƵСôҲֻм뿪ˡ˼ţĵĲҲѹ
ʱѾͷӴҴܹˣˣϽҴԲԲүˡ
үղŻλСūţΪүˡ
ĸϽվѽԲԲ˰ɵȥ
Ҫ뿪
˵˳£ҲʾȥϽվǰҲȥɡ˵ԲԲ˭
ѽԲԲǸղǸĺǺӿˣϲ۸ˣϵٵģءԭǸūŵ֪ôģڵİⲻҲүˡ
ȻųȻȴ͸ЩĪ⡣
ǸȻðҪȥȥ̽ƺܶòȻ֪ѯһ³Ȼ
Ȼ²յҲգȥɡ
ʵһūҪɶ¶Ҳֵ⼸ӵȥѯʵϣȴǳء
ǲȥ⼸λ˱ᴫλǸСˡȥôֲôĸоǣˮڣô¶ȻҲյġ


278 

һ˴ҴææԺȥ
԰ԲԲҾסĵطǰǸһλСүԺӡΪλүȥˣһֱ
ԴԲԲ˺ϲһӣʾ˰ԲԲԺ档
߻˸һѳǸ޴Ѿͷչʳ֮ࡣټһԺ䣬Ժﻨ࣬ҡ
ܻһĴżϲ塣
ѽԺ䣬ɲ˵ĺסİһοųȻ̾
ĺȻüƲ죬ûн⻰
Ǵ̣һЦѽҲ˵ôΪФǼ壬ⲻһֱŻŵءԺ䰡ԭҪǿѾͷģϧڲⰡ
ģ⻰ﻰ⣬ɸѽԸ˶ҪԺӣָˡҪô֪ЩʲôҪôʧķ̫ڳ谮Ǻˡ
Ǹʲôˣڳﲻ֪ġڵһʱڣܶ˱̫̫һΪΪ飡
Ȼ飬ǣųȻ˵İģȼյġ
Ȼܰ飬ȫ˶֪
һФܰСкӳ֣ǰԣȼ
ˣѽԲԲүۣء
˻ûȥ㿴һѾͷصس˳ӣ͸ҪƵġ
Ȼһվס˻ţ
Ҳ۶ȥ㲻̺ԲԲүѾͷô˻ţ˵ʲôۣǺ£
Ů̺ԲԲŮӣҲǵԲԲӳνĩ޵Ůӡ
̣̣λˡū̺ԲԲСӵĴʹѾͷ޴ѾүȥתһתأŶۡңҽ˴Ǵȴ˵ȴ˵
˵޴Ѿ˳֮⡣Ȼ񣬾Ȼ˲ơ
ȻüŶۣѾͷǻ֧أǹҪ
о׶˼ҾĲ߻һ׶һ£̫˷ѱ˵ľô
̣˵˵үĶۡԭΪʳˡжĶǽϣүֻһࡣ࣬滹еءġ
ϻ̳Ͽֵز˵ȥֻͷʹؿġ
ԲԲԲԲҵԲԲǡʱڱ˲Ҳһ˽
ǣѽϽԲԲȥ
޴ѾĨϽڵǰڣԲԲүˡֻǣū澿ڷԲԲūһȥ⸮ҺԲԲˡأءȫǣԲԲһա
˵꣬޴Ѿʹؿͷʵϵֱļλ˽ü
ôˣ⾿ôˣúõأҪ뿪ܸ˻ǲɣ
ˣȥ
Сҩ˯ŵġüüţʱʱػߺһɫҲôÿ̫̫İεĲϵػһ
³С޴Ѿһָҹ˵ˣô¶
޴ѾĨĨᣬΪѵؿһ۳Ȼ죬ڣ֪ҺԲԲĺáǣٴ⸮ֻԲԲûˡҲԲԲôľȥڣȫǰա
˵꣬Ҫͷ̫̫Խˡ
ޣƤūţ˵ЩΪ
ȻȻվһ߶۹۱ǿڹĵģôŵ档
ǴϽǰ⹷ūţǸϽ˵һ֧ʵģϸƤ
޴Ѿҭؿţ󣬡ڣ⻰ֻ㵥˵ɺá
һ»вأҲףҲᣬϴҵģҰѼλдã¶
ȻӦһ뿪޴Ѿڿʱų֮ɫ񣬿ļλȫüƺǣλ̰
Ȼû޵һֱ뿪
ǰһֹһ䣬ѵ˵⣬ԲԲĶۣǣҵġѽҵİҡ
ҲɫһҪǣҵģҪô
¹ôţԲԲôĳ谮ҲչǸ˰ȻԼȣһˣֻ˲䣬̫̫ɫˡ
޴ѾҭؿſͷڣҿҷĹذԲԲġԲԲ⺢ӵʵҲҽĺ꣬ҽ汧⺢ӣϱֻһ塣
˵ţ޴ѾҨڣ֪ͻأ뿪вԲԲ뿪⸮չܲܳҲǸ⡣ΪԲԲĳ֮ƣǻ뿪աֻ뿪ǰ鷳æһˡǵҽ㱧ԲԲʱϵ壬ԲԲϢܰæҵԲԲĸˡ
˿ѾͷҪһЩ⡣ڿֻǰæˡȥѾ̫̫Ҳͳ̾һҲաҸҰɡ
޴Ѿ̫̫˼ͷ׼뿪
ҲǸģʱ򣬾ûٶԲԲǺԭۡ
̫̫̾塣һֻô˵أ
һϸһ
޴Ѿ
ͿҪŵ޴Ѿ󣬳һܵЦݡתʱȴһӡ
ڣɻзԸ
ָ̫̫壬Ҹң壬ԲԲϵģ
ǰҽʱͻȻһ汧һССȫۣѪ֮ġҽͽ˵ǿһ֧顣ԲԲСүϵؿǰѹһ塭
񡭡
ڵɫü䡣
ٰϸ˿ģõǰһ
ҸϽȥиİϹ
Ŷõġ
޴ѾӦ󣬱㼱ȥҰȥˡ
ϹͲˣʮֻǸ֮ġ
޴ѾʱڼﶺӡӽιһְСӹء
һ˵룬Ϲ¸Ͻһ
һ˸̫̫ŰϹ£ϰ壬ɷǵö
ϹĶһҲ˹һſ϶صͷûģǲ|ūȥΪүġ꣬˵үʮˣҲʱежʱ򣬱룬үһȴǲˡ˵Ƕˡ
ڰѵĳµһߵ޴Ѿ򰡵ؾһ
ʲôôү壿ҽ㱧ԲԲʱһİѹԲԲǰġô᣿
޴Ѿסͣһŵӡ


279 Ѫ

̫̫Ҳ˿£ȥҽǰѪף
һŵһ£ӵɨһ޴ѾѾͷǣ
ԲԲѾͷҲùá
ϹȻûٹ⸮¶Ǹɶ£ʲô֮ģ˼һ֪ġ
һᵽԲԲŶһ˲㸡ֳܰһģһСӵ
뵽ϹµҲˡ
ūȥѿ
¹ܼҵɲ޴ѾһŵӡֻǴվǶڣҾãôܰ
̫̫ﷳء
ϲѹ
ԲԲܰӣԸˡأ
ϰ¶ĪҪųȥ
ϰҲ֪¶ڡ
Ӧȥλڵ˽˴ΪʵҲֵεġ
ȡѪˮѪȻڵѪΪһ塣

̫̫Ѫһ˿
ٿŴϵԲԲʱ㸴ࡣ
һߵ޴ѾɫްؿһĻֱ̫̫г
ڣ⣿
޴Ѿؿһŵӡ
ɫԳ̫̫ҡͷ¶ԲԲĺӡҲˣҪԲԲеѶȰ
޴ѾİļôǺãԲԲֻԲԲڡܸݲȫҺԲԲա
˵Ҫͷ
̫̫ȴյصһۡݵýЩôԲԲҲܼҵĺ¶룬밡
Ȼܰĸ飬ǴҶпġڣƽ޹ʵĶһԲԲҪ˵ܸ˵ҲǺ¶ôţԲԲҲܰĶӣܸĳ˶档ΪˣһٸԸġ
һˣˣ£Ϲ°ȥѾͷ¶ҿѾѾȥ˵ˡ
ܰ˵¶϶ǲ׵ġ̫̫˼ԣóȻȥ
õѸϢĳȻֻ޴ѾڵɫǾΪѵӡ
üȻЦӯӯ밲
̫̫˷ǸȻѾͷӹǶûжҷȥԺ߰ա
лҪԼ˵ˡ
ȻӦţǰ̫̫ߡ
Ժֻ̫̫֣ͤʾȥһ
ȻѾͷһǵãһȺѾͷ븮Ҿ㣬㰡ˣҲϲС飬ž˰֤ûأ㰡Ǹõġ֪ʶҪģܰǼ
ô˵û³ȻֹҲֻЦţлڿȻѾͷҪǵ㿴ȻѾͷһ˵δֿҪء
˼˵ûӣҪġȻӦŸ̫̫ӣ˼ҾȻֺǵĲϵĸֱǰǰѾͷǸ¶ġȣڵ㣬ҿź⣬ŮҪģΪҿ֦ɢҶҾãû̫Щ
Ȼɫôÿˣˣ̫ţһء
̫̫Һź;ⲻǺܺõôһǶŮ˫ȫһԶðѲɣ滹вٵ˼ģòҲҲŶ
Ů˫ӣڰŽһ͡
ԳȻŸЦŷ̫̫̫̫ԥɫ˵˵Һڻᰡһ̥һԶŮˡٹʱ䣬ֻһԶŮǿɾĸѽѽ˼˵ģһ˫˫ˣ㼫һĺҪʱ㶼岻ˡ
̫̫鴤ˡô׻˫ӵءװҪ˵ȻѾͷŮ˼ҰǵôȡҿķͨҲޣ㰡Ҳ߯СЩ˭ҵϱ˼ҿΪԼ๫˺üС̫̫ġǮҵ̫̫Ҳ๫ʮͨѾͷġҵģҵģԽҵġ
̫̫Ҫܰˡ
ȻЦⲻ䣬ûһġ
ǣ˵˵ģ߰˶˵ˣүǰСģϲġϷҲ˵ģǸ˼ҪĻġ˵ѧǮ̫̫̫̫һЩ߰˶ȥֵĲʹ죬һžҲΪֹļլ¶áбҪô
׻ظ̫̫һʱ䣬ҭˡ
˵ȻѾͷʲô˼ӵܵģĸɺü֮ͨġ˸ͷûµ˵˵ޣӦǴȵ𣿡
ȻֻԶ֨ˡ
֨ˣִ̫̫ŵؽѵ
Ҫ˵ȻǸССͨѾͷġǵ㣬һԲнķҪ֪㣬ֻռšݣûǲġΪ檻ͨһɣ
ܻҪӲΪܰСˡ
ȻЦݲ䣬ֻɫȴ˼֡
Ϸˣ㻹ǶĿԣ˰ʱ򣬵һʱ򣬾͵š
Ϸһ㶣ָȻˣ˹ܲˣߣһŵһ죬ϵϱô㲻͵Ҳһ͵ʱ۰ա
ˡ
ȻЦ񡣡úãȥҷӦС檣ͨ
ôһҭ̫̫Ͳûչȥ
㣬㡭һ
ĴϢĳȻòͷȻؿͷ׵ˡȻĺǲȻǶİ׷ƣʾţˡ
ȥ˵Ҫͬ˲Źˡ˰ˣ⺢ӣǸƢġ֮ԲԸ㣬ҲΪƢݲˡ治֮ģҲͲǿҪˡ
ףô˵ȻЩ⡣³̫̫ԲԲķƺе㲻һ£ضй
Ȼ˸Ӧл
лڳȫȻѾͷͬ⣬ʵǷ߰˶ǰЩʱھǣȻҲΪѾͷɷֱӰ˸˳ȥΪˣ˵Ƣ˵˲ء
̫̫ĲһޣҽˣϹߡҼ߰ĵ˶Щӵܣ˲ˡ
˵棬̫̫ȵųȻ֡


280 

ѽչҲҿų˶֪׶ˣǷˡôİɣ㲻Ը檣ҲշǾԲԲӰա
ˣˣȻ˲ˡ
̫̫ƻ͸׵ĺܡ
ʵϣǰһԼȥء֮ǰӲҪ檣Ҫͨ
ƵԼˣһҪףһģǺư
Ŷϸӣ
Ȼü΢
⸮ôֵ࣬ܽõҲ٣Ǵ󷿼ҵģûӼ̳мҵҪ˵ɶӣƺҲֲǵ巿İգ
̫̫ɫЩȻѾͷԽԽˡ治Ӧ÷ȥ
һʱҲһ
˸
ҲˣԲԲ⺢ӰФ塣Űգ˱ļáȥչҲǸɶ⺢Ժߺ·Ϊ巿Ҳɶһӵڲҵ֮ģǴԲԶΪġѽ˵ģඣҲ˼꣬Ϳ⺢ۣ⡣㰡ͳȫ˼ҵһƬաٻ֪ܲܿء
˵̫̫꣬ȻĨᡣ
Ĩ̫̫Ȼ޵ʱپܾԵĲˡ
˺ð죬̫̫ϷǲݲȥˣҪճ쭵ʱ򡣳Ȼ˷
ڰӣʵ̫ԲԲˡԭȰ˵һµġҲӦ˰աԺ˵㻵ɱȻûѹ
˵֧Ậģһʱ̫̫ЩͿˡ
˵ȻѾͷ⻰ﻰģôûˣոӣɶԵģ
̫̫ںģȻﻰȻӰá
Ȼҡͷ죬һֹӡһʱ䣬̫̫Ļˡ˵ȻѾͷֱ˵˵ҲԹ㡣
ȻŴ
ڰһֱ󷿵ǰһس¶Щ顣˵˼ҡ
˵ʲô̫̫ͣͲûҪϽ˵ˡ
ȻĲˣһ˵˳
˵ɶ˵ˣеƾϲ¶Ѫ֮ģôˡ˵ʲô󷿵ĴѾͷ¶㲻˵ǸɩǸӣ֪ǲ˸ɲ֪أȴ˵ΪŴ󷿵ĲϲԹ˵ͰѴ󷿵Ǹĺ˳ȥ˸ܰĺӣʵʵ
šӣһϲ˵ȥ
˵̫̫ըˡƫƫȻڵθڡ
˴ŵİЩ˾Ȼţ˵ԲԲ⺢ӣ˽ӵĺӡ
̫̫Ӵ۾ֱֱġȻϽˣˣ˰̫̫Ҫʹȥˡ
վһȺǣһ⻰ڵƵĳ˽
еУֵ֣һʱ䣬ֳæһࡣ
̫̫Ҳֻʱһ㱻ڵѹʱΪ׵һߵʳȻ̣Ϸʹˣ㻹ٴ̼Ϊá
Ȼʼ磬һҲûθС̫̫û¶ҪȻٷһЩȥЩͬ鷳¶¡
ղЩǲԸ˵ģǣϷһҪ˵ѵҲ˵Ӵ˶һĲôλţһϷˣ
̫̫ʱҲѹ
ؿһ۳Ȼǻȥ
һεһ۳Ȼνʼ硣
Щ˺޲ԹԹνںģôԼļͥƻ
Ȼ̫̫û˵ԲԲݣԤУӵ϶򵥡ӽıҪûè壬Ҳš
ص󣬵ȵܰȻֱӾͰ˷档
ܰȤؿСӣϱ컹ûڣôȲҪּ̽ˣ
֣ϵ˵Цݡ
ʱ򣬳Ȼ̧ȵм䡣ţٿһ㣬ҲھͶӾ
Ӿҧ˵ġ
ܰش˸ˣ̽ϡ
˭ˣү˵˵үΪͷȥϱͷ˰ɡ
˵꣬쵰Ȼߣ·һҪܵļơ
ۡ
ֵģȻ
Լ򼸶ɣҵˣɾ㡣
ܰ۶ֱˣǽһԩ
ϱҽ춼һֱæӦ꣬ʱأ۾һתЦ߯
֪ˣԭҽûּ̽š㣬ΪĹھֲһֲ
ҪֲȴȻһ֮
ܰ鲻ˬˬ
֣һѾסĲһһ˿˿ϣѱϷ
˿ŲŮƿһ
ܰǲô£ֻϱ»
ϱԭҲǵϷ
ϷȻһգ۾ŷӦģһĿθ˵㣬˵˾ȻϷšֻһ£˾ȻͼȻ˵ĸ棬ֻԶԲ˶
˸۸Ȼ˿ٶһ㡣ϧϴŵһȹӡһ׳ͲƤѥƤ֮ġǾʮʮǸŮˡ
㣬ʵûĻݵġûҲ֡
ܰһԲԲǸӵ¶
ӣ֤ҾԲҲ֡
ǣ˵ЩȷˡҪ֪ڵһеʱ򣬱˷ŷһԥˣȻǸӴ
Ҳ֣
ǸӴ
ûУûãҵһγеʱʮꡣȻԻһʧһ壬ҼţûǸһʱ򣬱֤Ǻ͵һسⰡ
֪ܵ˿չʧ˲䣬Ȼ
ȻǱըëһһһصڴϡǱ׼ƣһʱ䣬˿ɾͲͷˡ
ӣԭϲϷءôС֮ǰǵ̽һ¼⡣
ȻǸӴ˵ˣ仰뼼Ҫ̸¶ü˲а
һγȻûԸ⣬Ǻش
¶Ҫ˵Ǹ˽ӵ¶
ǸֱʵˣȻ⴦ҪļƵĻɶԼˣȴлͰ˵йһ㣬ܰҲ˽⡣ԿӣҲͲٺ֡
ذ§˵Ǹôˣ
¶ôԲԲ˼ӿʼ˵


281 һ

ԲԲϷ˵ˣٵʱأ̫̫ԼӲʩܰˡ
ߣЩˣӻ̫˰ɡ
ˣȻ˸קסܰ÷Һ̽⣬Ҫһεȷ㵱ûҲ֡ϷҲǵĻͿ˵˶ӲԲԲӣң⺢ֳмֵơҪ˵ɣˡúúõ룬У¶ͷģǵҵԭĻߣʲô
ֻ˲䣬ܰ뵽˵ǸڰԼ°ӹѺŮˡ
ǸŮˣúãһûˣȻ
һᵽԷܰࡣ
˵Է飬顣ȻԷǽǸ̵壬ġһУġ
Ȼһս֣һڣߵģĪ£˭ҲҶô侲侲һ㣬㻹ңź;ɰСжµĶӣǶߣ
ܰ侲ʱ̫ˣԸȥԷǶħŮˡڣ飬òһе⡣
ǸŮ˽Էйһ㣬Ҵġֻ񹬵̵Ա֣һ̲ôȫĺӡ
һΰѵĳֳȻûбŰȻ⣬һˣǶôΣǶôı
§˵ˣţҴ˵⣬ŮҿڳԣһԶֿڣһҲаءô˵ûж㶯֣һֱڰж֡ǸԲԲ飬ӦаŵģŮˣ˼һһİôִŵŮˣвɡ
ԴˣȻʾΣϣһЩһŮˡΪǵؾãȫ˾ӦϲһƵġԷҲǣܰûо;ܰڲͬġӴһľϵϡڸǳһĲ㵽Ů˾ͲԸ֡
ˣҲƫִִҲ֮Ϊ̬һ־˵ӡƫִˣһ־񲡡
ȻɵؽͣܰҲս˳Ȼ֣ţŮˣȷʵֹȵźƫִķ̵ֿ飬׮׮ǣͷֲġҼţǽԲԲ飬ֻŮҲİ취ġԡ
ֻ˲䣬뵽һȥˡ
ƣȻףأҪ˳̫̫Ľ飬ԲԲӵ¶ң˶֪ԲԲҲǵĶһĿ
ܰһЦǣ˫ƯķȴΣյ⡣
Է̫ˡƾӪЩϵָֻšһΣȻеڶεġһΣȥ޻ءҪôǾͷ㵽ס
ʱȻͬѰ˼š
Ȼܰ˵ıϺɡʵϣĶԷȴԹ޲ϵġ
Ф˵ĴڣôҲðһС
ˣҸСЬӴ𣬺ߣҲ̫ˡ
ԲԲ͵ǰĿĺδ棿
γĻŶӾͳǰԸõƿšΪˣԷˣҪ˳̫̫뷨ԲԲΪӡҪѴ°ĺ¡زеġ
ϣȻһЩƷȥ̫̫̽ˡ
Ϸ˰룬˼ҹǵĶ԰һӣֻкôûġǶһԷôҲϡȱЩſ˿ɵ˵ǰģˣҿɲߵġҲ⺢ӣԵģͰա
˵ԲԲԷŽģӦʣɱϾź;ǣõİţǰ̫̫˼ҲϲȫһԶá
ͨҲã⺢ӰǵģԲԲ¡Ҳɰɡ
һߺŵ޴Ѿ⻰ĲС˵ϾܰԲԲΪӣǵһٱƣ¶ˡ
ҹԷӵ޴ѾѸϢɫ΢
ԲԲǻǻ˼ʱкηأȻ͵ǰˣо䴦ġԲԲ⺢ӣֻǵһڶȻý
ʱǸӦЩٶ۵ĺǰԷؿһۣȥԺҲٿ
ȻģչǷĶӣҪҲա

Ǻ߹ȥȴһߵߡ
Сү㻹߰ɡ
ҸĵģǮǰæŰɡһԽʡԺ֦
һ𾪵ؿԷǴ㣬׵ĲҪˡ
һǸ¶֪ĺӣҡͷ
ǡ
˵ķԸҪġ
˵ԲԲգ̫̫ԲԲ¡صش棬ٵż˵ԲԲܰΪ׵¶
һʱ䣬ȫܵؿܰһͲû˵ɣҾ˵⺢ܰ˽ӰɡڹȻġ
˵ܰȴǵȻĺܡ
ԲԲһոµ·źžĺɫϲӣñظ밲ͷڣľʮĺҲ޷ȵġ
˱ѵĺӣǵõܼ˵ϲ
⺢ӣȷʵǸн̵˶һӣԵģҲֶŮΪŮɡ
һܼҵֵܸϹ͡
ֻܰǵȻɨһۣҼҾ˵ûûУݵ¡
һ仰˵뷨˻ȥ
û취˭ҵŮڶʱ򣬱ܺߵĺӡ˼ָӵת͸ĸĨƵġ
ҪģȻᰮֶ֮ġ⺢ȴǸмļһ
żһʫһ飬Сһȫǵá
ϸɶӡ
Ķұܰ־ʶˣȥң
û˸ΪʲôҪҴϸɶȴһĺӡҪ֪¶ⷽһִٳɵġ
̫̫ԣǷŻԼܰɡǸүҲǲϷԵġ
ʱүȻҲ﷿ܣܰһܵʱ䣬ҲЩ
һгϢ
ҲžʵۡҲм׵ĺӡž۵ûС
οгϢĶӵĶŮүүģžϲҲġ
ΪүܵĴҲԽĶ
ܣܰȴȻ顣ˣûһ


282 

ǳȻϾԼԻǻЦӭкšҽӽүү֮ġ
ÿξؽүүͷֺͦǵء
ǱĺӣͷȻҲ߼ᴭͣ
мΣȻɫԿյ壬ҡͷܰǲ͸ƨȥ
ȻԼĹô㻵˼ء
Ҫ֪үڵˣ檵ģ֮ͨȻʮλôƯŮˣҪǲܳȫ治ˡ
룬Ȼ⼸죬㿴ܳߵԴжġƯǰһվǸ¶ǵһ
ǸҲܲסİɡΪˣȻûٵ٩ܰ磬ҲΪһ棿
˲ط鱾ųȻЦݣǽһʵ
ӣ
Ϊëȫëˣ
Ȼʵӡ֤ⲻõĲ²⡣һΰڴо
һУ˵ıرɱСƫƫʹš
һ죬ܳԺŻ֣Ҳһ֡


˽̵ʶ֣ǺϲġСһĻ졣ǣԵЩ¶ô˳
磬ܳãºܰȻǣŸСһ˹
ǣŵСܳӡҪ˵ɣ⺢ˣҲӦúܻÿɰġǣΪһ̵ֱ֮ģꤾͱѵȡ
֮⺢ߵžľľġûлò˵෴ģ˾ġܾãǷٻĺһ
ңܰȻĽѾͷָȥģλ£ǰе̧ͷ
һֱСĽ˵ܰԼĺ̵ĺòˡΪܳӲôϲ
ʱСŸףҲֻӦһҲû˦һġ
СҲǱ˵ģˣҲֻǲؿֳܳһߵţСһ̧ͷ۾ɨһڳ˺ֿʼֶ
ȻӭţϽĸ񡣡
һĸܰȻЩ䡣ʵģȷʵŵĸǣôһУо˶˺öࡣ
ˣ˵⺢ֺⲻͰѰҲѧһ¡
ȻЦк£Ѿͷǰ̧Ժ
⼸òŰﲻЩ¶㲻ò
ܳ⼸ˣĺǲǼû¾͸Ժ£Ϲʲô֡
ܰȻ¶ġ
үҪǸ¶ô㿴ļʱɾ͵ˡ
һᵽ¶ܳЩԥˡ
Ȼûһʵϣȴһ鲡
Ͼܰ˴λưᵽܼȥġ
ڣܰȻȴôżҪԼķԵλǰҪҲͰˣôˣҪǸҵλá
ϵЦţţĸҪǻ߰աһ˵ҪȥطΪĸõضء
⻰ܰȻһ£ؿܳү
һ˫۾ˮò˵ܰȻˣȴȻڵġ
ʱؿܳѸ˵ò˼֡
Űһλ˾ĵӴһǶΪͣЩóԵӻȥ
ĸĶԻܳĶǺ׵ˣܰΪԼĸ׽õġӣǾͰ¶Ưˡ
أ
ܼңǱҵմңһҪôΪˣòϡһܳ
⸾ˣģʲô㰡ЩһֱãҲʱˡ
ǰҪˡܰȻɫৰסһߵգۡǣֻһ߶§ԼСûҿ
ࡣ
ܰȻգº󻹵ø⸾һݺݵĽѵˡʵҲհȻү˷ˣ˸Ӱλȴǲǰϣûµľܳ֡ʵأֻΪ˱ܳĸ߰ˡϲԼӣиܲȥˡ¶Եүվܰһġңܰһó裬ҲһϢҲ޵ˡ֪ʱӣһҪվõġ
ǻ첻ߵվܰȻһ߶ֻ⸮֮ˡ
ܰȻһָСųϣҲֻܰģ׼ؼĥͷȥ
ŶүۼǴ˲ٵĶӴ˵ϲĶ
һܰ˶үɾʹסˡ
úá
ȥʱܰȻ̧ͷȻͷŶƺûСĻһ
⼸뿪С߳졣ү̰ͲүӱЩקȥŪЩ֮ôҲү¶ǵģ
СңءȻҲգֻ̧ͷ٩СҰëƺԽԽŶҲ֪Ժδķ᲻ܵѽе㵣Ѿͷء
Сһţ̣ӡ
СҰ˵˼ҷ޹Ҫ˵Щ⵱ϱĻ˵ʲôô
Сİһ°ͣҲǰѰô
ҡͷ˵ȥֱֻĵĻǸСżޡСһھЩС޵ء
Ҿүͦġ˵ˣôúõûǸءլŵ¶Ƕࡣ
ʵ¶Ȼˡ
ܰƢҲǸҹһ˶
ܳ¡
ҲǷżµġܳ˶вġ
ţڶ֮ǰ㿪ʼڻĶº󣬸޶˵ܰȻ
һŮǲóһŮһõˣ
𰸿϶ܡ
ֻܰƬܰȻܳϣһġ
ϵʱ򣬳ȻҲЩСϢ˵һĳλŮŤ˽š
ãһλῡ깫ӡ˲Ǳˣܰĸܳ
һ飬С㲻˼ķԣĳһ˽ʹ˸λүӡΪһһŮ
ºܰȥԲԼŮ˵ˣôĵذܰȻӭ
˴ţܳ壬ǹ顣Ǹ鳤ˡһЩˣɴ˿ܰȻ
Ͼ˽ͨˣٵ˽Ůɶҡеġƫƫ˼ҹ˳˳ˮӴΪ֦ܳɢҶѸңŪĺĺܡ


283 ܹ

ּܰȻǸûĻĸˣ˲һСݣתΪܼҿ֦ɢҶһˣȫġ
Ȿ£ֻ»һļءһ㣬ȻҲ⣬ΪʲôܰôԸܸƴġ
һӶĽΨһ˵ĶӸǰڣ
˼ģܰûСƫƫ󣬾ȻиǱᡣΪˣܳӦرãԼҷ˱źֲɾ¶
ΪһϵҲܼҵã֮ء˵ȫϵĵλ
ΪӵܰҪáһ֮ԻᵢôãҲΪҪΪԵʡ
죬ܰǴȥ㡣ʯϡΪԼܰеĻȫ£ΪȥɴˣֻҪˣҲ֪ܰжôԼ¡
ƫƫڹϣв۵ҡ
ܰȻİԵ˽ȻռλáҲܳߵǸλá
ϾǸλãǴҵݡ
ŵʱûرýȢȥˣȴرѹһͷһܸģ
صܳЩʯϲĽ
ܰȻˣչү㿴ЩɶۼΪءҪ˵ɣҲɹ˶ô꣬һֱƴΪܼҳأκΣǸõġ
˵Ĩᡣ
ܳĲˡ
˺ιһ˵ֵһǼĺúõģϹ
ܰȻԽĨԽࡣүҲǷǵ˵ֻǣһѣǷǸλãҲǸСġʱǼǾǸˣ׾ѲʷŮҲء
ܳ۾һ˵ʲôҪ˭ˣ
ĴܰϷȻǸӡȻҲ絽˳׵ͣһֱ£ֻ֮ģҷˣһֱû׵ġ
ܳҲףҷ˵λãôҲʵģҾĲܽ׼ҡ
֮ͨģĶΪͺáϾͨǾ濪ĶѡңͱҪΪԼٹбźõġ
ܼҵ뾩ǵѲʷǧףһĶõˡ
ȣŻλ˵ˣ͸¶ˣѲʷǧС㡣λСͶϵģƺиоҲ̽ˣǳ£ǲġֻ˲ҵӡôõ£ɾ˵˰Ͼ˼ѲʷŮɲһأҿ
ܳĴˡд£ô˵⸾ˣʱ˵
ܳĲϵȥ
ܰĵһӡ
ôҲҪమһЩġļλСͨĺǲۿġһ֮ǰܰһ󣬲ܳģһ߶ġ
ڲһˣܰˣ׬˹ְ
ҪģҲӵġһȥ߽ǰѱҵ¶Ҳһˡܼ˵ܰĹףǰӵɱˣҲ˵Ĳµġ
ο˵ϵ֮£ǸСһ׮¶ڣܰȻٽһź¡ǿѲʷ˵Ů½ˣǾǹҫ鹵¶
ƫƫݵ⣬ͺϾˡ
ǷΪңζܰӡ
˼Ѳʷ˵ǧǸģֻҲ䲻ϵġϾܼҲǸѡ
һʱ䣬ܳҲˡ
ܰȻģĶϴġ԰ݵؿ߳
үôôأȻ˶ŮǣΪǣТ˳ģҲҲĸЩǶģֻ˶ֶܷٵĺôǡǼȻ˵Т˳ֻ£ԺҲûඡ
ôһߣܳɫѿˡ
ܰȻˣߵŮΣģŮɾֻܰһ
Ҫ˵һֱܳҲȷʵƫܰడ
ܰ಻ôô˵һȺŮ棬гϢĳܰܰ
ܰҲСʹ洳ģĶӡ
˵ܸ棬õĶܳͲøܰڣ
һ뵽ܰ˴ר̻ĿģЩΪѡ
ǣ¶Ѱ찡
ܰȻһ⻹͸㲻ˣǿɲа
ȥ仹ҪСģ¶ôҲԸ
أҵȥ˵ˡүҲٷҺ顣Ժ£ɵΪ¹ذңɾͽˡ
Ůˣ˵žºĵǽײһߵӼ²һ
һܰȻײһ߶˦˦ԴҪȥײǽ
ܳŷӦǰͺ˦⡣
˵ˣôҪҪģҪ֪ˣôءϽһ߶ȥ
ܰȻҭؿţǣҼΪСҲΪӣû취ˡңһȥ˰ա
⸾ˣ˵žҪȥײһܳûˡ
ˣˣ취¶Ҷӵġ
һŶܰȻźᵹ˵Ļ
үҲǷǵøΪѡʵΪԺأ˵ôŮôֻ£֪Т˳أļģû˶һˣ˵
˵һֹӡһУǳȻ֮ǰź̫̫ܹš
˵ʲô˭˵ܰôģ
ܳյشѯʡ
ܰȻ۾ɪһ£ү⻰Ӧ˵ġֻǣǰЩʱȥͬӦСĵľһƬ԰һЩôĻǻﻰ˼˵һλֻΪ˰ڷѵġܸıˣѹͲӵġү㣬Ҳǲġ
⻰ܰȻ˺ü֡
Ҫ֪ܰһֱӲǱӵİһ߶ʵֺٰöӣһƽʱôصĶӣ;ñˡ
ʱһܰȻϵҩŵġ˸ߡЩҽ˵˵š
֪ĪޣܰȻô꣬в˽ƢġȻ˵ˣȴġ
⿫˿ᣬҭذЩͼӴһ
Ҳŵġ˼ҲǺؽһͨЩ˻˵һֱųأһλרŸү˵ھǵʱͷŹ˵Լûˡ˵үǸûûƤϷ⻰治ôģ˵澭̣׬˲ٵǮ˻ң˵һΪǴ˶ٵĽ鱦˵ûСЩˡȫЦ


284 

⻰ǴܳĹ档
Ҫ֪ܰ⵱ӵҲйⰡ
ƽʱһǺѵģûԼ¶
ÿܰΪɶܳա
ΪܰģһЩͨնҪ˵ģûС
Ϊˣ˼ܳԼҲû˼ˡ
ٱܰȻһ˵ɫǲÿġ
ܰȻһãѶ˰ɡ
Ͻҩ
Ҳ˵ģֻ˵һ˲ٵĶѼһЩӻģǰصһЩȫ˵ͻġǰ˵¶ɣءﻹˡƫƫģ˵õĺšΪ˲¶ЦңҶˡ
˵棬ܰȻίС
ܳһȭͷˡ
˭ôˣ
ܶ˭ð˵ԳȻĲҰµһ˰ǴСһϡȥء˵ܰרһ𵽳ȻĴ󲮼ءҪôᳰЦǣ˵ǻ˼ҵšҪ˵˰Ҳ˼ġ˵ϱҲǸֻݣԼ˵˵᲻Ӧ˲һˣһŵҿ˵ˣȻѾͷ̥ˣûһġҲǸϴźߵĽһ㡣ڰǼҲ˳Ķء
Ȼ˵Ȼ֮ԲԼˣΪء˵ѾͷӲѱˡ˵ܰ͵νҲȷʵд¡𣬳ȻҲ͸չûܳѡȻֻġ׷Ҳ˵Լ֪Ķ֮ЩεĻ˳ĺܡ
ܳɫѿҲȥתߡ
ѽүĪ氡ЩҲֻϹ˵ġүĪҪأӣô찡ⲻӦ˼ҵĻô
ЩûĻǰܳȼյŭա
źӱһ侲һ㡣
УҲܾȥܰȥˣײɲǺ¡ڵйλġǰ⵱ӵĶסߣǹ٣չҲֻܳĶ
侲ܳûеʱȥܰȥļλϡ
ҪܰȻΪޡ
λ
ڣһλϿˡ
ʱҪΪˣޣ²ô԰
ܳдʵ˵ҼҲпѲŮסǲΪޣݾֻΪӡһӣѲʷ˵ǧ𡣡
ȻѲʷ˵ǧһ˵üλ뷨
еģţǶѲʷһ·ԺʥϾ;¶ҲܸһЩϾѲˣкܶĻʥġ
ܼ˵ǲɶõһᡣ
ܳЩ⶯Ķǲһ䡣
Ҽ񹬵ˣĪĸϵһܳҲҿ񹬵ǰ˼䡣ҪȻֻǼѺһЩʱ򡣰벻Ȼôͣ񹬵Ҳꡣ
񹬣˵ƽֹµ񹬡⣿ģ޷侲ˣһվ
ǰ飬¹ҲҪؼʱ̣ܰȻΪޡ
˵ܰȻҲǣȻһֱǵܸĴˡκΣȴҲֻһϵĴˡ
ܰô꣬ҲźŵһĴ˶ѡҪ˵λûس޵λáΪˣһܰѣŻ˵ŻšΪģһҷ˵λá
Ҫң޷ǾǶһǱΪƽޡǱֱ̧ܳߣΪҷˡ
ȻܳȻѡ˷ΪҷˡõѸϢܰȻͺＤȥ
벻͸¶һܳվˡúãܰҿСôٱĴߣҶ㻹ء
Щ¶ȻܰѹͲ֪ʱܰ,Ѱ֮
ȫϣҲ˶վܰȻһߵġԼĿ
λô׵ɣйְ˹ҲŮӣ˵ô걻׵棬ǲô׵ġһٹϷܼҵãҲӦõ¶ʱܰȻôء˵ˣܰȻչҲֻһС˼ҵŮһϲ̨ĸ˼ңȻôжһ֮ģǲôӰ
⻰ڳ˶侲һ¡
ܳмƲ졣
⼸üȫơ
Ҫ˵ɣ¶ǳ¶ҿҪģǵ
ܳҪĿɾһ仰
һİ壬ܰȻΪޡ飬һС
ĩǲһ䣬ȻΪչһķϵТģʱ֧飬Ǽ֪ˡڷܰȻΪ޵飬ϵʵھϯɡ
ﶼҡͷ
ܳ˵ҪܰȻΪҰ
ܰǨغǰ϶ˡǻõ˵Ϣܰ,뷭ˣҲΪʱˡ
һȺϣϲǵģô
հôҲò
ͲŵȻĹӡܰСʱĹɣԼϵѱš
еһУ֡
ʵܼҵʱңͦõġԴǸŮ븮ܾã⸮ЩҰ˵Щô
֮̾ʱȻЯžǰ
游游СڽԽˡ
СĸĨһûȵˡ
Ӵ游
ǰ§˼Ҿͷ׵ֱִһüǹ֮ĳԡ
游ӣƯ
СһˣسӡɰֳֺۣǵġŵĳȻϵǰȰ衣
游ĺӲԳġǱ֮İòװѾȻǸؽ͡
ǰʱ£⺢ӳݳϰˣڿϵĺӾ͵ǲڳء
ֿʼתעȥĶˡ
Ȼһеķϵλ幫ǵѵõչܰͳȻˡ
Ϊһ㣬ܰɶϡɶӸλ幫ġ
ҲǣǸЩϡһˣûҪ̫ġ


285 ֶ

尡СӦТ˳ġ游ǶҲء
⻰һᣬհɫѿˡ
ϴ˰ôõҲչûźð
⻰ɾеüĿˡ
Ȼüɫ¡
ҲϰˡҲ˼죬Ѿĸ¶ˣǾʹ̡ϸʱ䣬డ
һᣬɫѿܰòɡ
̽ؿ壬˵ǽٿˣ
Σţǡ¶
Ŷֲ˵ȻٷְٵĿ϶ֻ£Ļ飬ǣֻܰǲϢ뵽ܰȻǰܳ顣
ЩĲ²⡣
ԵģͿλ촰˵
壬ǲǼش鷢ҲǺ飬ǶģҺվȥǰջˣ£һ治ҵھǵʱͲһԲϵ˼壬ҪŻš
ⲻвҲǵĵߡ
ϾǲǷʲô෴ģΪ˶鷳Ϊܰⶼò廹дŵıҪô
幫ʵҲ뵽һ㡣ңҲ˽ܰƢΪŻɢ˵Ĺء
ȻѾͷҲ˵¶ˣҾ͸ɡ˵һ
£廹ǰѽܳľ˵˳
ʱȻض¶û˵ЩϢ
һ˳Ȼ˼֤ûϢԺַˣܳһˣҲ𲻵
ȻҪ뿪¶뿪Ϊ͸¶ϢܳһˣԺӿ϶ùġ
ȥ󣬳ȻԽԽߡ
ܳⶼʲô°
ܰĸ׵ķؽӵú͵ȫ˵ܰȻΪޡްҲ˵ܰţֻίصƽ˲õݡ
ҪҲӦܰȻΪƽ޵İɡڿɺãѴ󷿵˼һ߶ȥڵСΪһˡҲܳĻ˵˲ĳա
֮ǰЦӭģѶе˰Ӧһ仰ôչǣġ
ҹܰƣػֻǴҴҰ˼ڷڶԱһЩϣʼõʯ֮ģȻֻô˾ôĲء
§ܰԴزļ
ϣܰСϱҿ˯
ҺЩ뿪
ܰٲ鿴ʯϣǽ֪Ī򣬶ϱƢԣǺġ
죬£߳Ŀ϶ѯȻЩΡ
ҧǰͳ͸ء
ʲô£ܵ䣿㲻ӦˡСϱǸֹۿʵˣʱôƸй˵ˣǻû漸أȻ뿪ֻ˵췢һЩ顣
ļλ峤ȥˡȻܰɫѿ
˵ɫʹصʲôֹΪǨأ
ҲǣǣҪˡ
ž꣡ܰĲ豭ˡ
̧ͷʱɫѾٿ䡣
úãĺðû뵽زˡ
һĺãٲ˵ȻСһֱḧôҶվһߵġ
ϱ֪ôǸڵˡĽһΪǵճŮСһУҪϱ׼Ϊǰ縺ռҵӡʮʱ򣬺͵ס
ΪԼһȥҲӦȥġΪǵͼޣڳǰ˾ͱ֤˵Ḻȵȡ
꣬ǸŮǣһһк˽кڿһгԵģϵ·ʱ̰ġŮˣЩݻḬ̇ѡ
ǰ˵Ǹ˵ĺӣ棬ҲһǸʵŮ˺ǣֻɵɵĿţȫӦܰȻһֱͷǿקǸˣҲһͷ˿ĵѪŴѹ
ǣûļ˵һ仰㱻Ǹ˺ݺݵ˦һơԭ򣬾߯Ȼ׵ĸ˻ڵϸͷﱻᵽһߣײܣۿǸŮһ˷ܵؿȼѪ
˵ܰȫˡ
Ȼû󣬵ܰȻȻɶ˵ز
ܰȻǵĴܳôô׵ľﰡ
ǺǡΪûȤ欵Цһģһ׬޵ĸ˰ˡ֪ǣΪˣֻҪǶЪϢʱеĳԵĴģȫȥġÿȥǸŮ˾ͻɵɵֺǰ졣˵ôôãôôƴĸ
ȻٶȾ
ǸʲôĳɵŮ˰Ҳǣ˵ܰʱ͵ĸϧҵ̫ûġˣúΪѡ
ﱻƵˣҲˡ
ȥͺݺݵײǸˡ

ܰһ˫۾ȺһƬ
㣬ܰȻ
ǣֻûƵվߵܰ׺ݵسֽֿУ˵ҪĵܵܣҪıĵܵܣ˵ҲǺˡǺǡ
ѹ֣ѹܰһ˵ܰ˵ĺޡԭԭġ
ţܰҲͱӰɡôСʱ򣬾˵Ļˣ
ǰǻңչ̫СҲһֱϲǸСʹǶĸӳֺҲ֪ˣԭҪˣĻġ㲻֪Ǹжġһ߿ֲݣһ߻ȥǸǱסˣȴԼݺݵײһߵĴͬģﶼȼѪǸ󣬱ܰȻˡڴ˺ü죬ֱȰŷҩԺ˵㡣ϧӴԺԴ𡣶Ƕĸӣʱʱؼ̣ʵϣȴġ
ǻάֻ֪Ǿ˾õĶӣТ֮һʶֱ֮һ죬һ˷ҩЩʵˮûãԶ۾Ǹˣ§ޡȵҪȥʱܰȻܳݡǸŮĻϷһӦȻҪܳ
ԽţܳԽҪͿǸˮ§ڿޡ
Ӵˣͱһܼ㣬ֻ²ڻţҲᱻ⣬ҰֶԴô
ܰصصͷȻȭͷ
濴СλĹļƣȻ˵ıɡʵܰȻ󲢲ֻǺݵȥ̫Щơ


286 

ʵ֪ܰȻʵݣ
ܰЦţͻȻ仰һת
⻭ת̫죬Ȼе㷴Ӧ
ݣ˵ģ˵ܰȻǸŮӣǸóŮӡѵⲻģ
Ůӣܲνʵͬĸð
Ȼڵϡ
⣬⡭
ģתĿ찡ְ죬ǼݱϷ롣
϶ỳɣô֪һеģΪȥҺѹͳҹ˯źȥá˶һ˵Ǽܿµ顣ֻߡ
СҶû뿪Ǽͣŵʱܻȥ
ֱǸ˾ҪҪӵ˵ׯȥͣţȥػ
Ϊ˷֣ûǰţһֱѺ档кɫĲţҲ˷֡
ȻһƬ
һĺӣСﱣĺúõģȴͻȻҪ׽˵޷ʵһ˴ڱ־ãʲôģ
ѹ֣ºܶ飬˵ĮȻֻΪСС͵̫ࡣҲ˲пĽѵԲųɳˡ
ҹ˯ҹһɤѹ˵
ĳܰȻġ£ʱĳ
Цϵ˵ţʵ϶ǺµġΪһ̵ȫڲټ˵š
ȥأ˵˺ܶࡣ
ʲôٰҹȥʲôġ
֪ΪʲôҪΪҵ׽Ŷ׵Ľ㰡ϧԶҲû֪һá㲻ҲˡǸݱ΢ڵ걻˯һϡº󣬷ԼˣҲš͹⹴һͷӣ˼ҵ˽С檡
ǰһЩԵġȻҲʼǸĸˡ䵽ԲůҪۿżȥ˵
ΪӾȥǺǡǣˣǸĻ׼ġ
ȵҳʮʱ򣬲֪ԭıϵȻǺպմ˰֪ǻҿմһమ߹ֵĽ˵һ˺ҸҸʱʵľǸվںģ΢Ц㣡
ԺҾЦţҪеһжߡܲǼǸܴŮˡˣЩǸΪӴԺҲ˽ʳҺܻԣҲôһϵͷӡǸǰһ¹ɵģ
ż˵һЩҵĹȥôôԿģÿζǸ겻ѣΡȻܽӻظȴͨԼͨʳǡǶⰲһݣҿؼˡ֪ǣÿγЩõˮеĵʱ򣬾ǱһҩʱҺǸˣǸҵļˣҴСͱЩˣͳͳȻ㡣
Ǳӵ֪㶩׺Ҿˡܳ治Ƕأֻ΢һϹˡҵĺý㣬棬ɲҪ̫ǹŶһˣĺӣһУӴԺϣأֻңܰȻһΪܽһеġĶӣһᡭ൱õƴ
ȻҺܺޣԹοѾѧˣûʱǲ¶̫Ķһ̣֪࣬ûгȥ෴ģ֪ȥŮйغֻһ뷨ǽһ죬ҪܼҵһУȫߡŮһпɳ֮
㣬ҶҪЩ޵ʱȴٶȸ֡ӡ
ܰ˵ȥžȼš
ʱʱرһƻžķʡ
˯һɣһУΪ
̫ԩˡ
ǰܰƽϣžôȥȵˡ
ܰƽϣﲻۡܰȻʵܼ˷ˣúá
ҪȻ͵ðʵò
Ϊűѩ޵ġͿŰɡ
ϱۣܰһȡקס֣ţĵȥ棬һںšܳҪƷЩ飬ܼҵˣô۹ǳ죬һȥݷǼϣʱŻ͸ǶԼһݺġ
һ̣ܰһɨǷϱ壬еֻҫ۵ĶóȻƲۡ
ÿ
ܰаü°ͣţȻҲǿһЩΪ򲻻ġ
Ȼɴ۾ûͱ㱻
Ч

İһ˵齷š
ȻҹڵľˣڶšȻǾӣһľͳš
ôҵģȻ͵û֮ͼʵֵʱšΪѰܰȻĻġ
ֱիԶԶؾһһĻЦ⺢ӺֲһʼԸôʡ걻ԽĿɰԸҲÿɰġҪģϵ̥ǣǶҲ޵ġ
СģССԵģ˾һЦ
Թӡ
СһĻҲ˵ļġ
ΪˣûڳȻǰɪ
ʱһһЩóԵĹ
һһڵģԵıʵ
ӴһģͿʼʢأһһû
һһǳȻֶֺ
˵۾ȴϵɨ
ûС˶ӰһһƲ죬
ҼһһС͵ء
ڼأ
˻һһǰڵ޴ߡ
㿴ųȻлˣ
ȻٺٵЦܲ˵ô޳ܣֻΪ鷳Ƶġ
ֻѸһѵǣı飬ֵĳȻ൱Ρ
ȣһе¶
˦˸ӵ˵ɡ
ȥҼ˵ģְ˵ҳ̵ĸˣЩȥ
Խ۾Խˡ
ι˵ֵļŮõ¶ģҪ¶ܼҿ˼
û˵ܼҵĸ˰
ٴαˡιι˵˵ĲǸڵܼҵĵĸʲôܰȻŮ˰ɣһ֪ɬŵʲôܼҵҪһŮˡôϵϻܼҳǸܰȻҪŮˣеͣôҲаѹʮꡣ԰ɣǵȻܰȻඡ治󰡣˵Ļǹļһءˣ¶ҷԸԺǼλȥ졣ָ׵ġһӱţһȥɡ


287 ҡǮ

¶ֻҪȥáʵʱ򣬳ȻֻҪŸҳһšЩҥԣһܼҵЩС֪ˣڿ˼ȥܰȻԡ
ܰСûйܰȻϢųȥңҲǸˣҲмĸСıܰȻȻһˡô磬ܰȻ˵ģҪҲռĸλá飬ΪϱôҲ̡
ᰡҲУȥ£Ҿˡ
ǸӴŮˣм˵ĲԼǵ¶ĸšǳԶ˰ɡ
һߵһһǸСµģϽѵĶ˵ȻǰȰ
һһĸԡ˼˵ĳˣһһѳԵøԡ
Ȼ۵ֳһһһͨҿа
ѽҵһһôôĶء
ǣҵһһܲôҲ˭̵ġҲˡʵںһԵİȻϰˣ˼治໥һ£;ȫš
ȵţȻŷͷЩء
ӴһֱһһİɡͷҲûᣬϽġ
Щεصһһ
Сһÿ쵽ʱ׼ʱǰһֱϲ˯쾻۵ĴڡڿɺãһҲڵÿ춼׼ʱ㲻𴲰СһֱǶͷӸ첲֮ġûͣġ
һһͷԸԼСķڣû
ȻֺˣȻڹ壬üۼȴ͵ĺܡȻһֱӣĸӵĴ̣Ҳй
㰡Ҳ֪ͦɡˣǸˣ治ˣ
ˡҲ֪һһ¶ºҲٶ˵ʲôˣڿǳ׵֮Ȼ˵ɣһӣҲټ˵ġˣҲ֪ģұһθԡΪޣֻ»лµġΪҼһһ¶ҿɲȥǣһҲٰˡ
һ˵ͨ͸ˡһսǣ˼Ҳޡ˺ӵĸˣʱôֻ֡Ҫкӣƺһж֪㡣ڸпޡǰҪǷǵùŸ˲
Ҳͦõġ
˵ţȥҵǰ¥ЩܸɵӾ͹ˡ
ЩӷԸˣЩԻĸˣϢ϶ܴܼȥʱܼҵЩСٴܳĶܰȻӣҲɶ֪ˡ
㶨飬Ȼ泩صźȥ㡣;ҲȥҲҪ֪벮ʱԽԽˡǣһȥҲȻ˲ŹĴʡ
ʣˣ
Ȼϲسȥ
һɫʱȾڲȥЦ⡣
ȻѾͷ£ˣ˺ӣʻϰߵػСʱĳν
ȻٺٵЦû뵽ôͻء
ֹһˣһΣСҲء˵ǻסãϽ
Сã
뵽ãȻؿֻһ̵Ӱ˳ڿǵӰʱȻɵˡ㣬á
찡һ಻ɬãȻ̥ǵıһƯŮһ̣аƯĶ쵰ഺɫʣֱĳȻϡ档
СÿЦ㣬ⶺ˼ҵİ
ʱСãһԭɬˣƤ͸졣һ˫۾˲ˮƵġЦ㣬ֻҲˡ
Сζû˵ӦεΡ
ȻҵذԼӴ˺һתֱߺֹͣ˴ѽҲ֪˭Ǽ𻨸ժ߰
˽㣬ôˣͦǣġü䣬ĵġ֮ǰĴæȻҲûļظСš
УСѧҽСһиʦҲͦõӡͷİɣ㣬ڳſɵõһЩҪȻߺߡɲͱ̣ô
һߵĴһĵָѵ
ޣ˵˵ⶼӵˣô˵ûġôһʵˣⲻǵú
Ȼͷ§Сãǰάңֻ֪ˡȻֵ֮䣬ҲϵȰ
ʺһùҲ⼸üڡ
һҿ˵ȻѾͷľͲԡôõġԺڵûѹصʱˣˣϹ˵
ĽѵȻҲաСǡ
ڵ˲ð߹һߵ⣬Ǳֵ졣
ȻʳҲ١
ȻѾͷ㻹ĵΪźˡǲ֪õǼݵ꣬вٵû¾תƵġһЩ˵ǸŮӵĸ˼ңҲרָյҪΪǷǲ֪ģǼãǸ˶
ôһ˵ȻҲид
ǰһվǶôעӡ
ҲǣƯܸɶ¹֪˶Ůңĸ
¶ǵŵ
ǰֻżź÷ͳɵģڣĹȫˡ
קסȻҡͷҪͦõģҶЩʱաҲôľΪ˸ôĴӣ۰ףžأûСءһδӱ߹ػΪ˲ٵϡ
žһϳȥûﰡ
ÿЦӻҨһʱġ
ɻطʱԽȻԽϲʱӸ㣬ѽԭʼʽֶһЩСһɵĲ
СŴչʵ׬ǮĻЩҵҲһأѻȥˣִǱһЩһصģǮͶǵĳһҲ϶ءһص׬һʣڶʸǷ˱
ʱϣܿ߹׬ǮģǴһǡ
Щ֯ľͱҡǮ
ţ飬ʱһ£̫ࡣ˲Ժչһڶ˾ͺá
Ȼ˾Ҳ̫ӡⶫһۺĻ
Ƕû㽻ȥô򱻰һ̨ȥϾǣڻһ߶ŵءҲõĶھõ¶Ͼ߹ִŵġ
֪ˣȻ泩ˡ
ʱž
Сһﱻ§Űһͨ
ϧСһﲻӣֿ̫ãѹʶСˡ


288

ڵİóСһ۵ؽһ̡
СһԽԽءţС̸Ŷ
ϧźܸ䣬Сֻŵͷķľ⵱ȻҲǳȻġ⺢ߵﶼԼĹ㳡ľ԰ڷųɸ״˵ܴһЩ֡ŵ
ҪϲߣŻˡ
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УڿʱһĪΧ
ͷȻ˺ǰ︾ʱȡǹʹظһһߡ
лл
һһڳĵлһܣŷΧû;Ӱ

ӵضӣȻ֪˭ҾղţҲпǣžһһ
ӣҴȥҾ
ʱһѾͷǰǣһһСһһëؿҲʶ㣬ԼȥƽʱϷܺİ˵
̵ǸѾͷϣϵõģλÿԼ˽СŮ
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ûһ˶ӵĶңɵġĿģȻΪ˷֡Ŀһһ˵˵Ŀ꣬Ǿ
ʱľءЩߴô˼ֻһЩŹֵĶ໹ˡɲ°
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ãԺ¥Ĺ䡣ɮס棬СһһЦ
ʦлҪץңԱ𣿡
СһһЦǿĽһۿˡСɳֿϲĽ򿪴þͿӴ¥ɫһ䣬۵§СԺȥ

СһҲˡѧô§Сɳ֣Լ§֡
ϷƽʱĸȤ
׷ǱߡǣԷ˻ǷСɳ§Ŵͷˡ
һȺСɳֵĹ򲢲ߣֻǿѣԽԽˣˡ
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СļǺãֻһԺȻͼסƬΡɳִʱҲ˼ǲСѾͷˣĽ飬ôСָţӴģ˿ӳȺ˵׷ϡ
󣬳ȻѰɤð𡣿һֱ˹

ƣקסСɳֵ֣ͷ磬¡ܣǸû°߶Ư޵е
ĩּקСɳȻĽܣλҵĴ࣬Ĺͷ磬ôܺÿɣİɡ
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СɳȴĸϽĪҪĪҪССܿɰһȺ׷ǣ侲ָŷǲӳġ
һ˵жָӣͲռˡ
жˣʲôģһһȻѾͷһһأ
һһҲûҵˣжӣһһ
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ҡ
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Сôصɫ֪ڵʱ򣬱ԹԵͷ
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³Ĵ鲻ԣȻľһ¡Ϊһһˣ¶Ҳʹ˸ǳ
һ·϶մûȻӽͻܸ󣬱㡣
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㣬Ȼһֵر֤ǵģ˶ҲĺӣǾ̫ûˡ


290 α

ؿ죬еˡɬȻһЦţ鷳ˡ
˵ЩҲȥҡҪиϢǶɷŹסһһ£һһҲˡ
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֣ôһҲûأ˷ģһһ϶ᱻҳģڣƾʧˡ
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ǰУū߶벻ͣ˵ʲô㳤ĺôǵñ
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ĪտţȻǷĵġ
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ϿܰȻǼŴӡ⼸ĴǧģǿܰȻСҳ˶
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ЩܰȻԽԽֳСıɫе˵
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Ƕӣǲôȥһ⵱ŵҲԽĲϲ
̼ãҲûɶ˵ġ˭У˼ǵͼء


291 

ҪǴ̵ļãοҪϱ
˼˼ţһ˴ˣҲ˷˳ǶϱŲصӣҪȥӭӵġ
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ֹܰȻܷλͬϣš
ÿľۻᣬȻû˵ʲô̬ɶģܸоЩӡЩ߸ϵĴСǣû¾ͰԼԺҫһ
أֻһôõܼҵҪλá˼һû۵Ŀһۣԭ򣬲˵ҲģЩ˾ݲá㹻ˣôô꣬һֱǸ岻Ĵ˵λá
ҵλãѹû˵
òεͷˣ˭ֻ֪һմײӡ
ܰȻҧɫЩȻ֪״ǣô
ôȥҵ˵ôңӦġ
ܰȻķңˣ֪ˣұ졣
תһ߻ЩܳЮһӵĲˡ۾Щ˵үĪܼң΢ôҪô͡
ֹģȴܳĿϾΪˣԼĵλȨƣǺܵݵ¶
һɨһۼλϡ
֧Լ£Ǻֻذ˰ͷһʵơ
һɰܳˡ
ܰȻҲп
¶ۿҪˡɽȴҪʧܡǽȥֻΪܼҵƽޡҲ˵ԺֻᱻǸȥŮѹһͷľǸŮ˰
飬ôܷ


292 

үҿ㻹Ǹһֽ顣ңҺͼӵĹɣңҲݲңֱȥͶˡ
˵꣬ίغ۾
һߵȻҲؿܳһֻǴҴææһˣ˼ĴСҿԺ㷿¶ֻ˼һòһš
ӰܰһȨƴԺܳûûλġ⻰νˡ
ϣȻĸܰȻʱܰȻݾɫܳܲˡ
һվ
лڳԺȵһЩ˿һٶȫͣ˶һ
λϸǿԲϣܳ¡
ˡ
ܳһЩǽ첻һղܰȻŮһ˵ȨܵвڿԼλֹǱв
⼸λϵʽ͸ѵһСһ飬ʱܵˣ
λдҪ
λϵɫ৵ĶˣλϣʱһԳܳ
Ҳüֳһ۳۾ߵܰȻüһ
϶ҵģ϶ȶˣ㻹ǸϽȥϢա
Ȼ֪λżҪֹܳ˵ʲôֱ¶˵ֻ»ỵ¶һˣ鷢
һˣʲô¶˵Щ󣬾ǲ¶ġ˽ģܰȻԸ񣬿ɲǴˡҲǸһ᲻һеƤӶǳĸˡֻ£¶йء
ò˵ڲ²Ҳȷʵǰ˾ŲʮϧǸ߹ܰȻӰ졣
ܰȻѹͲ۰Ͱ͵ؿܳһΪصӡ
һˡ
ܳǲλϵ񣬵ЦſпԼˡ
λҽҪ˵¾ǡܳѡҾܰȻΪҡ
䣬ֳһƬž
λϸ
˵˵λ飬ûġ
ܰЦ
˶ͳȻȻȻƽ֣ȴĵսܰ֡
û֪ܳ˵һʱ֣ܰһƬ
ǲᱻ̼ǣԼζһγԣĵʹҲֻ⵱ӵĲ⡣
һƺҲ֪ܰʹ
§ܰĲôΪȡů
ԭǻȼյŭΪŮİοȻĪص
ܰؿԶܳǸˣʱ˸ؿ
ôɣڴܰһǲɵġ
ȫ֪
ܵˣѹЦ
Ŷ˵ǨصλɶС檣Ǳģ
˸ǵЦ˵ܰȻңǽǨģȻһɵඡ
Щ۵Ļܳü
̫̫˸һ̣ˣΪʲôλϣһֱֹТӡھˡǣҪܰ졣
ؿܰĪᣬ¶ǲġ̫̫һ죬飬;Բġ
һֱͷ˵ָܰȻ̫̫Ļ̧ͷĺޡ
Ȼһת
ڣкβԵȥĶϱΪܼ˶ŮѵǶϱôѹ֣ǰôТ˳ϣ㶼ġ飬̫̫һֱﲻȥλģڶŮǵõ
⻰ƽ˵˶㡣
̫̫ƽʱϲܰȻ
ܰĶϱڱģǹʺ
̫̫ľͲûչȥ㣬㣬Ȼʱ򣬻ֲ˵
Ȼ˵ܰȻϽקȻС⺢ӾǲģĪԹʲôźӡ
ãֻۺӣ̫̫Ǹ첻ߵġ
һʱ䣬˿һӣֻϷƺԽԽ˼ˡ˿ųȻܰ
˵Ӧָ˰ɡ
ǣܰͷβֻǵιŮԷ˵ЦһҲûã飬й
㵭ܳãڳ׵
ûȷʵҪܰȻΪҡΪŮ˶꣬ʱݵʱˡ
ܰͻȻӣߡ
ȻЩӦںͼλ뵽˲ܣ
һȫ˹̫̫ľͲû¡
ܰȴʱѾһߣظ̫̫˸ͷٸλϿ˸ͷԶܳͫһ
еƿѽ
ڨڨظϽĪҲû˵ͲܼҵˡҲй͵ġ㣬ҾΪƽޡ
۵ҡͷƽޣȽŵģȴǱƽޣôţеЦ
ܳɫչ鲻ôÿˡ
ܰȻͷȴЦ˻ġˣչǱԼƿŰ
ܰͷֱܵ˱ȭ˸Ҿ
λ˶ֳΪĳ֤ҴӽܼңܼԺʢĳ޹ء
Ȼס죬û뵽գܰ˼ò˵ġԤϡ
ܳһΣЩŵغܰں˵ʲôأҲûѣ˵ģ
һغȳȻѾͷϽȰһ壬⺢ħˡΪޣǺȰ˵һġ
ȻЦ
Ŷ˵ģŮԷΪءҷѡΪ޵ңվһ߶ġղţŲҲô
ƮƮһ仰ȴܳ޻˵вȻܰȻ㻹
ܰȻֻܰס۾ǰݵؿ߳
֪ԴĺáЩҲˡǽľΪҳúľʲôʹҷϰ˵ġ
ã˵ܰؼʱ򣬻ءﻰ⣬˵ƽʱǲТԵġ
ȻǸӴŮˣһӡĶİ
ܰҲĺ˵ֻ̧֣λһʱĳ嶯룬ǰбҪһݴܳ
̫̫۶ҪˣȻֱӸĳܳˡǣ׵Ĳܼˡ
λϣ۵ؿһӡһУִ֮ܰŵս˳Ȼ֣ڴŴ
мϵ˱Ѻ˽
ܰȻڿ⼸ʱɫͻȻͰˡ
ɪţҪ뿪
ǣܰȴʱһ¡


293 ˵

λϣܳ£룬飬ǿĪĹϵġ
λͬˣɼܰȻվšߣҲ߲ˡ
Ϊ׵һа̺۵ߣڽܰȻʱ׵ĺһ
㣬Сˣϣû뵽һŰɡ۰ڻŵʱ򣬻֮ܿŮ
˲⣬ȫͺ̫̫Сˡ˺ۣϣ˺ۡ嵹ͦġ
ͷ˵Ϊ˺˵˵
ߣˣҾǻɻҲϵġΪŮ
ֳȫ̾
Ҫ֪⼸йܰȻĴţҲǺܶ˶֪ġû뵽ôȷеϢң֤ˡ
ϼһһĺүĪҪϲ֪ߵ˵ҼǷһЩӣһֱռıˡԸ⣬º˾ͻġڣǱҪŽ¶ҡүΪ
ܰȻһ̣ҲӦļ죬ͷһҡ
ȻЦſϷˣϷˣҲŪô£λ߰ԭ˵˭˭ǣͺô
Ҳ֪¶ǱҪˡ
ʱйܰȻĴţǱҪġ
ţ϶ҵģҹϱǸߣѵԭԭؽ
ͷƺܼ׺ݵضŲԶܰȻ
λҵǸ򡣵˵һáºǻѳƻҵޣΪҼȫŮ⻳ˣϲġʱһЩɱһͷҲˣǸ
ȵҵ֪⸾ĺӾȻҶʱĵǸˡԭ붾ɱĸŮչҲҼĸףҲˡ
º󣬸˵С˵ƣүĳ裬Ҿе㵣С˱ȻúΪһЩС¾ͰҴСΪС϶Ҳɱɡαװزһʹӵȥ
ºҶС˵䡣˫ܼҡ
ʱ֪ҷˡȻϣŵ˽ŮһЩȥʱһЩǮλЩҶ֤ݵġĲ֤֤
λʱڼҵλŮ󣬳Ϊռ˽Ůڵλ
λҲǵ֤ˡλУҰѵ˵աȾĲĸˣӦýҾˡ
λ֤ˣһһָ֤˵֮ŮڵܰȻҲŵĺռҵ֤ˡ
ⲻģⲻǣ㣬ܰݺҶԲԣ֪ǰͲңαҪôһЩݺءҲԣΪαҪұϾ·
ܰȻЩʧˡسܰ
ܰЦŻ֣˻ߺ󡣡Щ֤ǲʲôһЩ֤˵һЩ⡣룬ܳүڿЩ֤ġ
ʱܳȫˡţԼˣȻǸŮ
µģû˵ꡣ
Ϊʲô˵ʶСˣΪҳҾĲϹΪᱨҡڱȺ˽ѵҾͺܻӵ¡Ů˵ĵһΣҶߵİ
ܰȻৰһƬĪҪⲻģģҺһʵģʵģİһҲ֪ġ
ǣܳȴӷ顣ΪܰȻĵһΣ˵ġֻ졭
⼸λǵ̺СС˰֪СС㻹ǵЩ˲
˵ţֽһλӺһλĸˡͣܰȻҲˡֻĲÿ¿һġҪģҲһߴĴһλڿܰȻʱͬ¶޵
λүˣǵ̺СŮһֱҵȹעŴոմС顣ڵ֪մСҪ׵Ķ󣬱ʾڶһԺ䡣ºСվſڣүʱ򣬳ȻһЦ
ΪСмλĻֱ̣֮СҹƵģū澡ūүͬġ
䡭
ܳλªŮֻϢӿ
ΪޱȵһҹԭǺôһλªĸһġү¿ôˮͰ꣬ǶôļʲһŮ˰
뵽˵ܳүһƬģݺݵɿܰȻһ⡣ⶾң
үĪҪҽĪҪ˵ܰȻϥǰסȲϰ󣬻ͷµؿߣһҵҲ㲻벻Ȼ˵ıҡöĳ
Ȼȴͷ˵ҲǱ㣬ǻ֪֣ȴԽгһλλĹϵǷͬСɰ
۵Ц
ܰȻ˵ʲôˡһһ֤ȫҳǱţҲܱŵ˵飬ֻ˵Զˡ
ܳЦѵˣܳսЩ˿翴׳һӵ̧ȣݺݵһܰȻز
ǼˣһȥүҲ˵˵Ķ飬ޣܼңûĸˡ
ܰȻҪҪģؿԶɪһ߶ȻʱȻ޲˶ҪԼ
û뵽ƽʱ߹Ȼ˵ĲܰȻ񣬸ǻұÿһǺܹϵѡվܼһߵġѡܰȻ,ⲻô
ϷңȾҰ޹ģ޹ġЩݺңǼҡϷˣ
Ϸ˴ʱҲյĽءˣܼҶһ󷿵ˣŪûˡڻ顣
϶Ͻ˰ɡ
ܳҪ֣ܰȻͷءңƽʱܰȻļŮζȴһˡ⿴űһѵġңģôôᡣ
ƭүүʲôнѵ
˷Ĳ˰
֮ǰһȾߵܰȻ˵Ѷۡܳеĵطߡ
м䣬زߡ
һʱ䣬ֻܰȻ޵Ľ
κܳҲɫԿ˵ˣֻ˼£ȥ
ˡ϶⸾ŪȥիڹϷҲȥӰ첻á˵ڻвٵĺءܳҲǸ취
ܳȻ˵㣬ҲĻϷ˶ˣҲʹա


294 ѰҺ

أȵ¶ˣ̫̫ŷܰˡ
λ峤һˣܳͣǾͲ¶˭ڵ̯ӣǾ˭ȥʰɡǲܵˡ
λҲ˵֮ǰôƵҪһõĸλ˵˾ٵĶӵӣҪ档ˣˣԼȥʰðɡ⼸ϵģ֮御ˡ
ܳɵۡʶԼ˼ɶĴ¶

ؽ̫̫
ߣ˵˵㣬ôˣ¶أͲ顣Ǹ߿㰡Щ꣬ǰ׻ˡôõĺӣҪơ飬ҲﲻæԼȥɡ
̫̫һȣߺߵطҲԣôɢˡĿֵˣҲ֪ǿˡϯⷹǳԲ˵ġ
˶ڲ²⣬ܰĻ뿪Ǿʹ˽¿ؽҹ²ᡣ
ʱȻҲھ⡣
ô
ˣԺǾɢαĴڡûмڱ֧ţǿµ顣
û壬ҲƾǷҲļõġ
ж־ķҪȥһ֧ô
ŲԶ;һֵˣȻüǰѻֵҲһ߶
;һľ
ʲôҶֵ֧ġ
ֻһ仰Ȼȥˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣǼһڿͦġһһˣľļ
ÿ𣿡
ѼľһЩСӣȵǰ
ÿܰСһԴ
̧ͷ۾һۣЩԥҪҪԼǰĶҲչʾһ
ܰҲϧһҲԴһδҲ
˱СһĴ˸ǳǳĻȡ۾ˡϧϲЦΪܰҲʾΡ
Сһ˵һЦ˰ĺܡ
ƺСʱ
ʲôǿһС˵ģʵЦЦ̫٣һﶼе㲻֪ôЦˡΪˣܰĵҲСʱҲġǳȻΪʵĳ˲١
û¾ǰԹ˵һһôôЦͬһĺӣզľôء
ȻǣȻŵĵط㿴ӵڴǰ
⣿һӾͺˣž񲻴Ȼ𾪵ϡ档˭ĪӲҩɣȻһĹͰκˡ
ʵûôÿ죬Ǿ˵㡣
ǿһЦݣǣĪ֪ҵһһˣãʱпһŹֵȥǼˣһһܻˡ
ô£Ͻ˵һȻȤˡһһѰǺ¶һĲҲͲζ
ģĪ˵·ϵһլԺʱ򣬿һиǸػģ̬൱ĲͷʱֻǾ˵Ĳôģ룬⺢ӾһһҲһ
ԭֻǲ²⣬Ȼĳ˳⺢һһڵƺҲá
ǿӣֻһһȺԲĸΪǿԴġ
̾һȻҲĪܰѺӴǣһĪӺǻˡ
ȴûкӡѸȻϽ˴齡Ϻð졣
ֻɴ۾Īӡ
ţĪŵˣȻڴʱҲ˵Ҳˡ
磬֪Ȼ㶼֪ӻҨһ鲼
ȥ˵ʱһ˾ĺܡʱ䡣ȵҴӺԺǱȥʱȴֻһС·
˵ţҨһС¡
һ·㼤˹ȥһһһһҵһһ
顭Īĵһȭͷǽ档̫ԼˡϵһһͲڵʱһغӡںˣʱһء
ȻҲ³ڳһƬ
ϣȻڳ档ѹҲΪȫһЩŮ˳Щ۵޵ķӡĵط˭뵽һءңһֱ˵ĶãӿǱˡص㶼·ʡ˭뵽˼ҾͲڳƬ۵ĵء
һƬרŽҰŮ˵ķĪӽһ֤ʵǸط
Ȼ˵ʲôȴڰ֣˯һ
ֲ֧ȥˡ
һ뵽һһû˹ܡΪԣ˯֮ıᣬ⵱ôҲ
ʱ̵ǰССĺӣȫš
⣬ôѺ͵Ҳȫ
ǸͺӽɫЩṣ̌Ҳû취ˡ벻һҵôҲֻܰ͵
ײأ֪һܼҲȥˡ
ǴѾͷһһͷֽҿ
㿴⺢ӣߵĽˣԺӦ̲бݡ˵ˣԺиߣô֪ںԺի棬иؽѵġ⺢ӣͷŵǶȥⷿֱͨǸؽôãԺȥһܣԹһ¡ҪԲ㵱ԸҲԵһҼ䲻⺢ӣǺǹ̥Ƶ
⻰Ĵ̲֨ˡһһӣֻ⺢ԽԽϲǣ뵽¶ĺǹϵҡͷҾҪӣҲԶ˼ҵġ⸮ҲвٵĺӡǻǴߣҲҪ
Ǹըܰǵġ
ܰȻһڵ³˰
һܾѾͷЦһ
̣ãǺ飬ܼҵ֪ˣĽֻôģ
һҲЦŷôģǻвˡޣһͲһˡҲ룬Ϊʲô캦¶ǰһԲԲô¶Ҵһһɾ
ŮЦţһҲšǲôܼҵ֪ܼҵļĶȫͨ£̰ûˡ֪ǻô㰡
ŻˡԾؿǰѾͷ㣬㣬ô֪ģ
ͨλµ飬һѹ֪ˣȻʲô֪Ƶġ飬̫ˡ
̣㵱ѡô°£ȵĺܡ֮ǰпġֽŲɾˣƿء¶ǿװ֪ǣҪϡ
ʱ򣬴ıסˡ
֮ͨظ£ԭ򣬵Ȼ֪Ϊλ£Ų岻׵¶̰ûҲС¡ֻ£ʱ򻹻׷˽ͨ˵ϡһ룬Ҳ˲ͷ


295 ĥ

ݺݵصһǰĴѾͷãǡСӣҾҲиôҿɲܡ
÷ҲǸʡ͵ƣضǴ㶾һսҵĵߡ˵ĳ롣̸ǰûˣһҲк³Դܰ滵
ĩ÷Ҳ֪һЩô
ӵǰһѽ鱦
úð£ҼԲ㡣ЩġǸµģҼҲΪ㴦ˡ£ԺĪҪ̰Ҳ㡣
ǰһѵֵǮĶ̵Ĳ
ǿЦţǣ֪ˡһչ˺õġ
УǶˡ
÷Ҫ黹࣬ɲһֱš
ʱþͿһͣ⡣÷ԶԶվšһɫ˴
ü΢΢ţüҲһɵˡˣ÷΢
ǺŮ˵ġ˵Լλʦº󣬸Ǳȥ˱ġ
µģ˻ѽҲʰһ
˵ڽҲԸŮˡʱ򣬻ȫʧءʱҲ޷ƿЩʧص
Ϊˣ˲ò˶һ
Ϊֹ˶ǿػš
һΣҪΪ˱ѩޡ˽
Ȼ߹ȥˡȴͻȻͷ÷
÷һɣŮ˵ʶ˵У
Ƕ࿴һŮˣȻ¶ˣһʱ䣬÷СȻˡеˣѹֻǰʧܡ
÷ķӦ̧ͷɬسȻ񡣡̡
ɫһСѾͷȻӹһɻѵղſˣоѾͷԼ֮ĵġٿڵˣľһɬģûɶѾͷ
Ŀ˰ɡ
š
ӦȻתߡ
뿪ˣ÷˿ĴѾͷȴŵĵһۡϽߡ
ˣһСľ¶ſô졣
÷ʱ²ʣ̰գǸ˲Ű
Ͻ뿪ɣ˲ǵġءϽˡֱϳˣŸϽߡС
㣬ôżϻ¶أҲһ¡ɴйҵҡͷ˵ʲôأղҼҽȥ´¶ңⲻϽȥظô
һȻӣŶϽȥɡƢҡͷһͬ鴺ӡ
߳ǸһЦӡ
ʱĴ̣ڵؽѳǱһһ
Сһﱻ˼ˣӻġ
§ڻԽؾͿ
СԴӣ̵৵ؾ͹˳
̣ɡĴϽǰҪӡ
ȴ§á
֪˸ԼʧȥĺӣҲͲٶȰ¶ȰҲ޲
ӣӣҵĺӡ
§һһֻס
ЦŵẈ̂Һö
ԶȵֻܺЩ
Ͻߵʱ÷Ҳн˵⺢Ƣ첻úóԷˡԸǺιš
ʵҲǾԵû÷Ի뵽Ҵ̡һƳȻ֪ŬѰһһ͹صƤӵ
ʱȻ֪ˣѪȥ
Ҳ÷˶һҲЩûޡһһʳԶ
˽ͿԵ˦Ƶģ¶Ҳиõĵطò˵ⷽ棬÷Ǳ֮ǰǸ춹öˡ
Ҳ̫ࡣ
Щһһ˵Ժ۾Ĳһİĸˡ
ˣҺֿģƭңҺ㣬㡣
һǰˣһһͺҪǵ̫ˣô䵽ǰȥΪˣһһһţҧ̡
ôҵķӦǴ̺ʹ㶼û뵽ġһǰקһһ
Ӱһɿȥ
С֣ҧҡ
ûԹֿء
ҧƢ˲ͱꡣ
ػӿ㡣
ȥ
㿴ִ˷ܵĴֻ̣ñǰڵʱ򣬿ûλ̵ĥʱ򣬵Ҫںʱ򣬵ģڿλССӣֵĥˡ
վ档ʼ洫΢ĺӵأֻǸӣǿҲ޲ˡ
ǣÿһͻᴫһ졣
ҡͷ˭ҪдݲָԿġ
˺һ̲Ŵʱ⣬ǳʮȫһϵĶҲĲõĺܡ
ȥСŪһЩõĶ
һһãԼ˵ħ硣
֪ԼôģŮ˿źÿ¡ǰһ̻ĺܡһ˲ͻСһʹ
ǸŮ˲ϵͶš
ȫ£Ķ۾ĶΪֹֻҪǸŮˣһһͻŵȫ
ٷóԷͳԷҪ¾Ͷ¡˵ڵʵ˾òʵ̶̵죬СһһǾֻһ̥̥ΣԽԽݡҲ޹ȥ
ȴú⡣һ§СһһѱԼ
˭Ļ

˺ð죬һһ˻ش
ţܺãҵĹԺӡ֪˭§𡣡
Сһһ°ͱ̧ǰˣ¶־塣Сӵõõض
һ˫۾ܾС¹һҪ̵Ļȴ§ĸ
֪˭𣿹ԣһ
һһҪУ֪ǲУһѱ̬ĥˡ

èһĽô̺ǺǵЦˡ
ʧƵģ§һһϵšСӹǡ
ҵСɰֻһ˵СԹԣġģû˻˺㡣
ǣԽǳ谮һһľԽֱſ뿪ˣһһŴϢŵǸڳھĶס֪׻᲻Ǹٱһһؼҡٲһһһһֲȥˡףһһ㡭
ᣬһһ˻ԵС
һһãԼʱˡ
ĵĵȴȻڷ˴ûңƺǶҪһЩԼһЩĶ
ʱһЩŹֵĶЩһһʧٺ󣬱Ȼעˡؽ˴ߵˣգ͸¶̵ش£һٵͨؽѡǶһڡ


296 ʧ

ŴˣǰΣôģϲһص֮ġ
ԭֻȥ鿴һǸؽѵģҿ󣬱㿴һǵСһһ塣
ֽƬһĺӣȻƲס䡣
Ϊʮһֱ⣬ʱСһһ¹⡣ңϲˡ˾ͻᾪֵعµµҲӴ򣬵ȴûж
סϻ֣Ȼָ⣬ϸϸ۶
СԸס
ӣƿأܿĳЩطܵ˺ۡ
ޣ
һ鿴һһ˺۵ĳӣҲߵ³
ȻЩ˺ֻۣ۾ҪѪˡ
Ը˰һһĵطǸŮˣٲҵһһֻҲû˵ġȻһһڵ״ôáô˵ҲһһĵˣֻԺȥ
㻹ڴСһһһɫĪӡ
ͨԼеİ취ȫûҵһһ䡣
ǼˣҲƾʧһΪˣĪӵһξãԼ˵á
СУСЦߴߴҽС
ʱȻ˸裬ֻǳųţϾ˶ˮ
޵ģϣεһһЦšҪŶȥãǶûк䣬Ҳʹġˡ
һֱ˯šһ뵽һһĻԼ뿪ʧˡ
һһҵһһҪȥһһ
˷Ƶģ塣ĪӷӦǰͱס
㣬һ
ǣ㲻أֻʹش
Īſңſңһһ˵ҪȥãҪסɶ˺ӣ֪ʵȥ޻صĵط
޴ŮˣڳȥǵҲһһĲ飬һȥ¡ȥһһҷȫҡĪӺ۳š
㱻ˣسҭؿޡ§Ī۴
Īô죬ҵһһҵһһԤҲһһǺӻûģûİ
ĪǸްֻ̧ͷ죬Ůһѹǣ˻ܵȾһߵܲ˵Ĩᡣ⻭̫ٿ
һһ
ʱĪ˽Ų̧ͷǸ§ŵСӣؽг
㻹ЩԺ̧ͷŵĺʱǴġǷ˷Ƶؿٵܹȥٶȣһزˡ綼첻ˡ
һһҵһһ
ϲҪȥӺӡܰɫأСĵذѺӽҪ׼⺢ڴ˺أܣúúõذһӡ
ĺӣŴŵ⡣
ҵĺӣҵĺӣͺãͺá

һ̣˲ϱģֻҪӻͺá
һһôѣĪִȥԽǲ鿴ɫԽѿֱλƽ͵αʿȻӡ
Ҫס齵ĺӣֻ˻ӶƷġ
ϵˣĪӺһġûšֻǷֿһ㲻ȥ֪һһãչǻ˵ġ
С˯һһһ۾
һһ쵽
ľԺǶСһһһֻǶһ¡ľؿͽһ
ţţԡ
ǣͨһ佱ȴһһֶģһһﲻϵ߶šһһֻҪһҪֻĻһһֻ
ǣ۾նľġΨ治ϵšصϡ
綹Ӱ⡣һһãǣǳĲá
§ʧõĺӡ
һһҪ˺ġ׵ˡ
һһֻľ§š˾͸ûһ
ʱܰһȴˡô˺£ȥ
ү쵽̷ԭҪ³ԷϢ;ߵڵĵطһǸ¶£ôүż
⸾˴Ҵ˲ٵӻҲ븾һ˯
ƫƫ̻ûԼǺܳªӣԼǸ绨˶
۶Ĺˡ
һԭǼջĵĶڴүͳªСһĶ
䣬ˡ
үߺߵ뿪ŮˣǵӸϣҲòġž͸ħһģܺ͸ıСȰ
ɵ̫ۺ˶ү˸о죬ЪϢ̫һꡣ
ǶֱеĸŽĴ۶ɴˡ
ɶ񣬼澣
ݺݵһһһؽѵķȥʱӵĻҪйһ
ؽѺ󣬿һСһСݵǰͳӡȻһӭϵĲ˫΢ӵ۾һ˫׺ݵ״踾۾
㣬ô㣬á
һˣˤڵϡ
УŲ˸ȫǾ֡
飬¶ˡһֻ̣һ뷨ԳݣôҲܸĴ̡
Ȼ׺ݵҡҿĴ̡һ棬㻹ùҽһɩŶԡ
ǿ򶨵վ뾡ԳȻŭһֱȻǰʱǿһ㣬Ҳѷָĵ
һʱ䣬ĸӻˡ
ֻһĺӣᣬôôûİôһӰôµȥ֣
ȻˣӷһһŰʼͳ׵ʧء
Ҳкӵ֪ϵʱôʹΡ
Ҳǵ˰
ңӵ
Ҳ֪ûоԼжݡ̧ͷǿƵر滤
ǺǱģֻǰæšҵȻ͵øһЩѵԼãҲһ㣬Ƿԡ˵ˣҲгԵõģģ㿴ġϵߣҲǵôУǮ˼һСӣҲǺ鰡
žž
Ȼģʹľˡžžļ⣬Ĵ̷Ӧ
ȵϻʱ򣬲ʧķƺҪȻŤһ
ʱһŤڵϡ̣ɡ
ȻͷϵӣôԸһһģҲôԸ㡣㲻ЩôðҽҲ㳢һ¡
棬㲻ش֡
̵Ϣ͸¶ġֻ̰ΪܰļǮ̫ջˡ
ԸһʵǮؼҸ˼ˡ


297 Ħȭ

Ȼڴ˼ҵѾͷ棬չ鲻µһ֮ɷҪģ̸㹻ĶأٹԼҪСˡ
ŵؽﴫƺˡ
קӣСĵؿһ棬ӣһһˣô
Ҳء
ˣзִءˣôġҿŰɣ⸮Ĵ̵ûˡ
ܰʱģռ̵Ķ¶
ʵ̱Ҳôɾܰһ飬ͲһЩ顣
磬Ǹµ˽̵ܸ¶˳ŲȥȻطСµģȻʹ˽顣ڴѾͷ˭֣治˵
֪ܰһϷ
˵ĳȻܰ˱ϽѴ˵Ĵ˳
ԭ»£ɵԺһʱûļͷ쿴һΡ
ٴȫ§һŮˡ
ͷһĸˣСһѹԼƤޣвԶһЩԵȤСŵһ¡
ҪƿŮˣ۵һӱƿ
ˡү§Լó̫ǿȴһĻһ档
ˡ
ʶĳζԼԴϴ˶͵ñӺ󣬴үƽʱûˣȻҲǿս
Ƿһ˺ŴϵˡļҶСһҲŷӿ롣
űȻͷĴ̣غؿš
Ȼ㲻ˣݺҡ
ޣ㣬˳»ǵֵ֮顣Ҵˡ
үǳ׵ըˡ
ر̫ȰĴ̣Ȼľ˺ͱڴ˶ҪģЩؿڵ˶
Ƥޣүݺݵһͨ顣
˱һϢˣˣȥ˵˸죬Ҫҷ硣
ֵĺܴܸ˶ָָ㡣
˶ڳЦŴ̵Ĳ㡣
̫̫Щ󣬲ûиϽ
ֻǳ̾һ飬ƺеడ
üЩĲɵġ
һ̺Ѿͷǣ۾תתҲûٶ˵ʲô
ϣҵ˾ͱ˹
ű׽˸ֳŮ̼Ҳ޻˵˴үߵذ˸ˡ
ܰǰȻŮˣŹ
Ȼ˵Ĵ̡
ȻЦĽ绨
Ȼᣬо仰ôô棬Ҳһ¡룬ôǣ϶˻Ҫġ
ܰµؿһۣŮ¡
Ȼϴ齣°ͣأҪסԵŮˡҪһһңԸ
䣬ָ
˿ɲʾаһЦ
ţ˵ǣΪ϶㣬ֺֻ㡣
㡭
ɫɫһȻȫ৵˾ˣǲŹκһд輼ʱ䰡
ϧӦʱˡ
˵ķӦࡣ
ֱѹơ
ӣǻм͵뿪ˣһΣǵһЩʱ򰡡
ϡ
һΣȥ޽أȥҵ³СǸطԺµ̡
һᣬܰЩˡ
޽һЩҲӣͺһ𰡡
ӣôΪôԴزʱʱ׽Ūһ¡ȫġƫʹϾƿ
ӵԼĳǱ룬ǵĻйǣϣ˴šҪģһðнǵĺһȫĵطǶ飬ѧбģ봴һõĻǡ
ӣõĶǣԺ費˼ȡԸô죿
˵ӵĽѵ⣬Ҳʵࡣ
ܰҲҹˣֻ֣ȴһֱʵظĳġ
ȣ˵й滮ġǰҺ룬뻹ǿʵʩġĵطܵñ仯һ¡֮ǰ滮Ƭصɽ֡Ҫ滮ģҵǸǡǣĻɲë֮ôҪʮ䣬ɷ֮ǡǶһ滮ǵѧУ滮Ǽܶĵ̣֮͵Űɡ
ĦȭƵģܰҲ÷ˡ˵ˣƬǣǱ԰佱ӵġ˵Ҳĵ̡
ܽҲʧΪһõĵط
ҲУֳɵĳǸ߹滮飬ҪٸݺǵԣٿǵĽ裬ǿȡİɡ
԰ʮ꣬ϣʮڣʵǵ롣ԺǶиݵˡ˶Ƭطӿȥ˵⹤ҵҵ֮ģܲô
ӣҲµ⡣֪ģ˫ϲǼѾͷȥƺչеһҲ˳
ĿǰЩƶĲһǧˣܷչ
һ㣬ܰĲǴȻ顣
Ҫ֪֮Իᱻ֮Ϊë֮ء
ԭΪƬ
еˣȫ˳ȥ
µľһǧˡ
һҪ滮Ҫչ
Ҫģǵ˿ڰɡ
˿ڶûУô
Ȼǲ
ûСһˣҪģҪзչǰ;Ҫ׬ǮƬûмֵȻ͵òչҪģֻȥƬطչʺ⡣ǰȸԣ˵Щû̫·ˣǻô͵Űɣңɺõġ
ãҲȡڣѻҪԱͬ¡ʱǷͬģϽ𡣡
˻ƹ㡣
ƻ󣬳Ȼֱѹϡ
˵˲ˡ
ޣҪֿˣôô
أҲҪϧ
ԣҾǲ˷ѣֺϧٹעڣȡһһı
ܰ㲻ˡ
ȷʵȺ
һϯ䣬һҹܰҲ֪ǲҪֱˣȻһֱĳЩѶȵĶҲڳһء
ֱ棬Ȼ໵ͦʬװˣŷŹ
ڶһģͳ嵽Ƕ
Ȼ˵һһǱˣ⺢ô״ȴǲġ
һطͷҲ˸ʱڣ˲١
һߵĪüƺʲôΪѵ顣
㣬һһ
ľǸʵϱСľżĳմĺӡ
һһԴȥһ¡
ǣһ˵Ҫ뿪һһקס
һ״Ȼ·𿴼СáʱСñ˺ŻˣҲ˭ǵġΨԼദһʱ󣬾ţһֱ뿪


298 ʰ

һһϵ㡣ֻƺҲ顣
һߵĪӣߵһֱһһϡôܰһһַ״̬ѹ
Ǹ㣬Һ˵
Īһ˵Ҫ뿪
Ī˭ٵʿҲ뿪˵¶̫Ǹ顣
ȻϽסСĵһһߡ
Ǹˣ˽ӻȥˡ˺һһǸ飬ǲòģһʰġ
ǣȴ̧ͷܿ϶ؿˣҪʰ
Ȼᣬҡͷ㣬ûǸˣչǡһһġ
һһԺ֪ˣ˺Լ˵زǺֵֻܶ˺ˡҲͰˣŰǰزֻڷһһֻʲôҲ
ǣңֵػţٿһһڵӣôҲƽ⡣ߵ˵
治ġȻĹҲǲԡ
ϾһһŮˡȻһһǱ˺ˡһԺ󳤴ˣһһ֪Լֻôģ⻹治˵
飬ҡĪ׵˵
飬нˣûġȻЩɻؿĪӣһƺûôİ㣬̬Ȼǲһġ
ĪɨһۣʲôݣαʿءʰˣңҲŮܵĽѵ
Ȼ۾һݵΧĪ˴תת
ҪģǸôôϴƤˣǺţ氡
ĪӶ㻹̫񣬿ɰѳȻƵġ
УҲýƤһ¡ҰһãԣҲŲҪءҪģһɹã̽ɹãƮƮİһһô
ϧһһֻǵͷ§Сľżİ취Ҳȥġ
εӣðɣ¶ˡǴ̵ҾͲˡαʿǸҽ㡣ŶһҪ˵һҿҪ뿪ˡ
΢Ҳû̫Ĳáţûһһ飬ҿܻȥһһ飬룬ɡ
Ȼҡͷϵؿ㡣ûź;СһһһõĸһЩ
ҡͷã⸽ҲмСӡңҽҪеˣȫһЩźӵ˼ҡһһǹ¶ġ˵ˣҪȥǱǳ֮أ
ȻϽִסо仰û˵һ£֮ǰǴźǵĵһȥġڣȴıˡֻΪҾãźǵĵȥǣԼ滮ԼĳС㣬һһȥɡţͬĻвͬľСӵˣźϤСһ𣬻õõơǴȻ࣬һ㡣ĪϣܺһȥһһҵĺǣҪ㡣
αʿҽϿǺţġ˵ˣ˵һϣһԼصһ档
棬ЩĿԲõ˵ˣôˣ治ں
Īȴ貵ض㣬ŮˣҪʹӦӣһȥ֤һнɡһΣΪԼĵˡһǳнҪһӡ
Ҳûթң㲻ҷӣҲסҡ
Ȼֵģ̯֡
ιι˵̫˹Īӣһ˴ͽܣҪһӸﰡҪΪжߣ÷һ׸أѲɣҪںǽӵˣ
ȥȥһӾûҪɼҵš¸Ϲ硣
ȻˣôＱҪӣܲҪװȻˣһһһסˡ໥סһ𣬻иϡҪģһһɳô
ĪҪ˵취ƺ
ǿĮӣͷһŤŲҪأҲϲͺһסŮˣԸⲻԸԣҪԸ⣬Ҳȥˡ
ȻϽͶУһôʱй滮ĺˣһһв˵ˣǾ͹滮СһġһεķӣԼ뽨ʲôģǾʲôġأһο϶еķӳġ
һҲҪǨȥȻ൱ϧܰһȥһ˽裬ԲˡȻ˲Ҫ̫ԲһȻҲ֪ˡ
Ҫȥ֮ǣȻ͵ȥѲһ±Į֮ء
Ǹطĺ棬ڶԴˡ
ãǵĵطǸ޵׶ҪظУҪķѲٵй̶ӣԼ֮̽ļԱһЩںǣ˿϶ңԳȻһ·㿪ʼûĸ֡
Ҫĸ֣ҪЩڽʶ˲ࡣܵģеŵ˵ʶ˲١ĪӵɪضȣɰѳȻһֵĲС
ƨߵߵλүŤŤ򣬡ѽ̫ˣᰡ
ãҪҰĦֱ˵
Ϊ˺ǽ裬˵ˡԺŮ˷棬ٸСЬӴС
ȻڵãҲţһ¼硣
ĪӻŹ
ѽ̰ô
㣬Ҳ˦˸۶
֣룬ôİɣǸȴǰӡٸЩ֣бĸ֮ģͰиĪˡ
Ī۾̵ܸ̺
˵˵ôҲ¶ס
Ȼۣ㻹Ұ㰴ĦѾģҺ۸ɡ
ҵˡȥʵʿ죬ʱڣúǵ˸ԣ
ҪȥǣȻ׼ЩġΪˣȻòôʡڴʣȫˡ
õǣиô
Ǿ㽻ȥĻܸɵĺúõġСãѾͷָˡ
СѾͷھ;ǸĸεŮˣﻤżǰˡΪˣȻҲ޿κΡ
ʣ߳һһ˹ܲôС׼Ϊһ¡ԷֵҪģЩɴ׬Ǯеָˡ
һǵĽ谡õ׶ٵǮ治˵ԣɴͳҪ顣
ѶʽȥɴɣСӻҪģҲȥǰЩһߣѧ˲顣ʲôģҲǲ
ᵽʣȻҲˡ
УȥҶʣʱڼΣգܲУ
پɣһָҲС˲ҡǵԱ̫ȱѽ


299 ذ

˵ʱ٣һȻҲᡣϧʮ˼ֻЩɵĶȤʮֵЩֵնȻþǶʳУҲһͷѡϾЩĶȷʵǺܲ
ţȻڵ²ȥҲȻҪȥҶʡ
Ҫ⼸СӶף԰ѴʺͶȫ˻ǺģҲӰŶʳס
Ϊ˵ˣԺǸõģԵˣǳ׵ͷ
ΪˣҲûޣѴڽӴ񽻵˶ʵϡ
ߵľˣ۹Ҳͬ
˵һڼŵ֮Ůʵˣٱ˵ĺáĸû԰㽵ʱڵĶʣ԰ʱԶڹµ飬Ҷ
Ϊ˱ⱻ߶߶СԻ󣬱û¾гȥ
Ȼʱ򣬹ڼָųء
˵˵һҵģһӹܲˣӻˡҿûһġȥҿºұŴȥ
Ȼ۵ֳ
̧ͷһֶŮΪˣϽק
ȻѾͷһҪҪȥһȺˣҲ֨һ˼ҵĹŮȫ˼ҸˡԺˣôҺϱ
˵ţĵˡ
棬ȻϽȰοһ
˵Ȱģ¾ǷŲ¡ΪˣȻҲЩˡ
ôôûΪʲô˷ǵҵмҰʵҾôʶǺ¶
ûУǮ˼ҵˣʮˣ֮ġУ㿴ϵүʮˣȢһʮҡͼʲôͼģļҲ֮ġ
Ǵʶ˳ı־۶ҲáڲʵĳףԺǮмҵˣΪһõϱʱһһΪ︾ģ˵ⲻͦõģ
ҪǴæһϱֻ֪˵нӴôûУƷǲãԶãʱӵʶʳܴܵģദĲáϱкô
һҲù˽ȥһֻһ
Ҫ˵ɣȻѾͷ˵ҲȷġҾǿ˼ͬСĺӣˣϲġ
ۣҾ˵˵ҪٱӰҺҵΪһҲаҲġ
ǡʱήļһ
⻰ɰѹĵͲɨкȥ
ܺӣ⻹˵¶أɵãȻҲӺšһˣƨ
ܰѺƢĹҲǵ˵໰⻰ежʧ̬
ʺٺٵͷҲû̫ںɨ㡣
ֵȻǰȻѰء
ȻǰĶʡ꣬СӻǸɬꡣڿţȴҪһͷ
Ҫģ˫۾µµתţȴŵӣֶ˼Ļ顣ɴеĿô
ΪϳȻЩֹ
֣ʣһһ塣
壬ҲǵǰڼʱԽ̵⼸һġ
˼˵ģϣܿһ˵Ըȵȡɴҵô⣬ǵҸ̤ʵص˲Сܴպϣ⣬ǾԲԴպϡ
һ˵ҪԼ壬ĦƣҶˣЩ
µһۣ֪ԳԳԣҸϱ˸ãǵΪ
ʺٺٵ֣Ϊĺó԰Ůˣ˭֪ôϽɣҺȻһɱߵ͡죬һҪһѡ
ƽʱʴֵģҲ˵ЦĶɱСӾͲů紺ˡ
ʱÿһֻǶݵ˼Ǻ󣬱塣
һȥԭֻǿ˵ĳȻȻ汻һ档
ɱһ
󣬳ȻϵֶУУҲôӮأ
ĲЩ˵ʦôҪˡ
ʵɪˣ豭غһڡ
˰ɣʱû¾ͺǰһɱذΪֹҲһɱҵġȫ°ܽ
Ȼˣе⣬Ϊʲôǰ˲̵ͽܡ
ǽ̵Ҳһֵġ
ԭЩ뷨̻ͽܡʦѹֲٶݱĳ˼ʽģԭ档
֪֮󣬳ȻʽͶ̸ҪֵĻ
򡱶ļˡ
Ҫ֪ȥĹңǿǳˡ߳˹š飬ɲڹССһеġ
ţжȥ߹һˡҪģǺϤһʱȫ̽ⷽ⡣ڱ귽棬ԴԼһ̶ӽȥһɰٷ֮㡣
İٷ֮壬ɲһСĿֻҪһˣŵ˵뱲ӵĻˡ
ο˵滹ƸһЩԼˣһЩԼ⡣Ҳǵ˽ĵˡ
㣬ҾͲˡҪǾͰһ̶֧̫ӣĲˡɣҽˡ¶һԼġ
ʽ֣Ȼ˿Ͼɴҵ׬Ǯе
ں֮ģҲȥģˡ
֮ǰҲ˵ںʴĶ˻ӭʵصҲ仯ܴһľܺãòҲǰĴһˡ
뵽˺ߣȻŰһ󡣲Ժ뷨ǵıˡ
󺣱ߵֳǣԷֶηʱĲ̺ʰɡţȻ濪ʼ滮
ܰչûܼҡ
һ壬Ǻ˽ġں쳾Уܻвٵ˷աΪ˺иԶķչͲ˰ա
ܰڱϣȥ̸պͳȻ˵ġ
һ㣬ȻʵҲԤˡ
һε̸УҲıȡ˲ٵĺôա
Լţݵɫ൱ܡ
ܵط̫ѽᱳۡ
Ϊࡣȵģʵֺĳˡ
ر۾Сӵ̺ܰ˵⼸챻ĥ̸Ч
룬ӴԺ󣬷ش£ҡҲ飬Ҳ鷳
Ȼ۵ɴֲԽľ˵㡣
ۣ̫ˣҲ˵ǹܼҵţʵأ˵ɵ̫̫ˡ
ܰס
룬鷳ûɵɵķܼҵһаɣ
ܰĬˣȻıĵǰҪ̰һУغĶѵǰ˵ȥ


300 

һ㣬Ȼġ
ܰս֡
ǰܼҵĲƲšԺ縺һӵĸۡҲҪǵٻֻԼȥ䱻ķָͣԼ
⻰Ȼˡ
ҪܼҵһСֻǿϡ
ΪһõˣζҪ縺ܼҵһ鷳
Ҫ֪ԭԱ󷿣ⶼǷ˼ҵġ
˵Ƿ˼ҡʵأеˣܳȨʱٶȻ
˵ܸȨӦǴƿءϧ󷿵ǸеˣԳŲܼҵһС
ôģܳӹܼҵһС
ҲܰȻ취޸ܳԵʡֻΪһʼˣܼҵƼˣܳ
ͬģƼĸλãҲܸﲻЩ꣬ѹͲҶ̫
˵һִܸܳҪܰȻ飬ܰнƼҵȨҪġϾǵϵңΨһĵϵ
ûᣬֻ˵˱˴˴С²ɣ㲻ҪҶԷˡ
һǷܼڵһСȻܼңȴҲܼûйϸˡ
֪ˣȥɡҾòһµġԼȥȥ
Цܰսֺܳмһ㣬Ҹջ񡣱ģν
ţҲǡ룬ƬʱգΪҺԲһġ
ҵǶݵģܿ͵˷ʱ̡
һ磬žƺҲ֪Լ׵Ҫ뿪
СһȻ§ܰ֡
ҪףҪȥ桭
Сһﲻϵ˵š
ｿӣĻܰĶڻˡĲ뿪ԻΥ
˾Ų뿪ǼΨһӺҪ縺𱣻ã׵Σ֪𣿡
СһȻһصͷã
һĵ֣ܰصر˱ӡתǸվԶˡ
죬תʻ뿪
޵ľһչͯĲᡣ
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ȻϵذšǺӼһ֣ܰصķֱ
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УǵӰԽԽģȻʹ˿ꡣźǣٰСһĵطԼȥҲ˺һŻ
ϰˣϰĻ뿪
ȻǣСŮĲᣬڴʱҲҪõġһȻָ緢
ˣҲҪȥ׼гˡ㣬룬ǱʲôҲûСȥȷʵǻܿࡣҾȴźȥǱ߶ٻźĪʿһ
һۣŲԶһһľ
㰡Ͱź;һ°ɣСӷǱߣܷģ
ǰֻһǧ˵ĳСĳУȥ룬Ҳ֪Ǹʲôĵط
ȻڰѺǴȥҲһǳԿͷġ
ǣȻܼᶨҡͷܾˡ
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УҲøȥǳԿǰɣֲûԹࡣڲҰҵƬһһԡҾ͸Ұ˺ˡ
ҲҪ뿪Ȼǲ˼ˡ㣬㻹°ɡȥ治֪᲻ԡĿడ
ȴǹҡͷҾˣҸĵطҵһһκþСȥǱߣ˵ģطȻƧһЩɺôҲȫһ㡣˻ҵˣǵÿǱ߶ǵİȫȥȥǱ߶ҿɲٺһξţСĸζӴܲǰˡ
ʡ׶ʮ󣬳Ȼ׼߳ȥˡ
һƵȥ߳ǣĿĵȻǺǡ
ʱȻ̫̫⡣ǵһֱš
ź;ƺҲ֪˲⣬ʵųȻһͷ󣬡̫ĸҪӴǸٻ㡣
۵Ļ̫̫৵˳
ǲ뿪
ˣһ˷ʱ򣬱ֵĲᡣΪˣ˼ҵĺƢҲˡ
һߵԲԲͷ֪ʲôֻһһµΪ̫̫ű
ڣһչ˺úǵġҷġ
ͷȻ뿪
һмٵĽŲ
ӰһȻ
˵Ǳ߶࣬ҰЩ·λСӴȥԺ󻹻һЩɻĳʳġ
Ȼӹ鸴ӵصл
̫̫֮ǰʹ˶ٵİӣչ˵Ҳȷʵܰӵġ
лˣ⣬Ȼĵġ
ĨᣬؿλСһ
ţǼǹ˼ңλСӻЩ꣬˼ҵ壬ԽĲѽ
ȻȻһȥ̫ʱ
ǾһƬطɲһµ·ءͨ˵Ĳ
ȻҲҪźǣƵԵʡ˵Щ·Զʲôģȷʵǲô㡣
Ҫģһ·ϣвٵġ
ûлӦʲôȻֻһ񣬱Ҵææ뿪
Ŀż˵Ӱȥ󣬳̾һ㿴վ̫̫ɪӰ
⣬ͳһװĺվǶ
ϴһϴϴϴģϴ塣
СѾͷһֽкá
Ȼλͷǳɡ
⼸λĵνǰ˴æ
糱ĵСܣ⵱ģǲġ
ڵ֪ǹ鸮󣬱˼λͬŵʦֵǳ˵ʵǷڳȻڡ
һһ󣬳Ȼ԰ȫʶǺܿصġ
ԭԼҼ˾¶˭뵽糱Ȼһֵܻ
ʵͨ˽⣬ȻҲµ˽ˡ
ЩȥѧӵǣҲũӵȥѧġ
ѧȻΪ˻ڷԡ
Щԭ糱һº糱ȥΣҰЩ˽Լĵ̰
ԱŰǰȻһԽʦֵǵȥ򡣶Ҳչ˳ȻһӡϾ㵱ûչ
ô˫ԲȻĴһҲԲ
ֻҪǸɵĺˣԺҰϱȻܲȢϱɵÿԼ
ϴ弸һ˵Խϱпܻæ仧һӴĸǵĺܡ


301 汾

Ȼ͵ֺǡ
ȵһʱ䵽˺ǺϣǲҪҰæסǸõĵء
Ժ󺮳ǷչˣЩ˿϶Ҳںˡһ㣬Ȼǲöġ
һ·ϣֹǳȻĸϴ⼸Ա
ò˵Ȼϴ弸Ǳڵְҵɸɵȴ۵Ļ
ʲôϳͣϢе¶⼸ȫˡ
ڳȻѾͷǣΪչ˺֮ľС
ȻһУҲǵľΪ˸·С
ÿһطݣǿջ֮Ĵһ¡ʲôʵ飬֮ġ
ȻĪ˵ҪΪһЩ˲ԼѰҵһЩǸõġ
˵һ·ϣһЩԱ
˵ʲôɱһӽȥǼ򵥵ĻǾ˵۾գ£Ѹٵ׳ˣȻȻҲҪȥûáֻһ˵ס֮ġ
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ڱģشһЩ˵ƾ¶ȣоܷ֮ġ
ˣһЩũҵġˣȻʱô롣
һ쵱·һСʱ·ߵҲȴһǵˡ
ԶԶվǶͿһȺˡ
ӵһϽǰҪ
ȥȥĲ֪¶ֻ֪ȥʯͷˣôŰ
⻰˵ЩȻüѯʵҡ
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ǵȻ˵ļЩﻰ⣬Ǳʾ˵ͬ顣
ǴһԸŹֵˡǰﻹǲģɾͱϹڡ˵úõһˣǵȥʯͷû¾ȥռһЩŹֵ顣˵ʲôЩʯͷԴ֮ͬġµļҵףǱԼڹˡһϱҲûǮΣǰȥˣ¸ӣݵĶû취ⲻʱ򣬲ˡ˵ˣЩʯͷû˵˵һЩŹֵʯͷͿԷ֮ġҿǲҵǮˡ
Ȼȴ˼һң˸ҽҺ̸̸
ʯͷʵʯͷвٵĶȷʵǿġͱ磬һЩʯġ
û֪ʯֵǮıв˿ʯͷֻЩնͰˡʵϣˮʯнʯԼһЩʯͷԵﰡ
˵ʯͷ٣淢һЩʯͷҲһţȻ˼һˡ
˺ܿ͵
ظ˸񣬱ʵվһ߶һֱԼϵĵġȻ⼸̵ĵȫ͸ˡ
лˣлˡ
صһ˵ţһ߶šȻϽһŵǰ
ԣأбµģԺߣиĺóԵġ
صһ۾ٿؾˡ
ˣֻһЩʯͷı졣ҵն㿴в
һߵĲϰ忴ţҡͷⶫ˻ǿԵġҪóȥ۰еѶȡ
ȻӹĳǵһŮӵĶֻûо׹⴦ɫеްʽʲôģʵܲˡ
룬ܰһʯͷбµˡ
ɫһ㶼ЩСɵĶ
ǣǰˡ
صСػشֵأֻЩСҪҲ֪ܲСҪ֪ǰҲ˿˵ЩûֵǮûɶô¶ҲֻաźûӶˡ
ţʰһ͸߰աԺҹסлɸɣ㻹֮ġЩƣƵġ
Χ۵˰صҲû뵽ôһСóȻȥһʱ䣬ص¸мؾҪ¹
ˣңһŬظɻġ
Ǹʯͷˡ¸ɣسӳġ
ȻЦŷԸ󣬱ڴ˴˰죬ٳʱص±ק˸߰ЩСС
ˣңѶҲȥ⺢ӣ֮ǰ󲮼㿴ܲкã
ᶼҪˣСҲң˺ۡԵģܹŰġȻ֪Щȥݼҽĺӣһܵ˵İӣǵԼչźá
ţһӣȥ뺢Ӵ󲮰Ѽý˰ա
ص½һӣ৵ľ˳
һߵСŵؿٰԼӵһ
Ǿ͸ŷˡ
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ȵص°˽󣬻һ·ֱһЩõĴӣ˳ȻĶ顣
ȻһӣǺղЩʲôʯͷȵ򿪣ԼĽһչʾȻЦˡ
ԤصԺ󣬿϶ΪԼ׬Ǯġ
ΪһЩʯͷͼΪ
úãЩʯͷپ׹⴦֮ģЧͻࡣ
صֻŵȴ֪д׹˵
ȻһЦȰһԼҨǩ˺ԼŰ˵˳
ĵصЩʯͷǵҪĸ͡Ʒ֣ԵһЩŮ˵ƷдһģҲԵɸָķڼ֮ƷԽԽáȻҪƷҰѳƷڳʱ϶һġ
Ĳ裬Ȼûϸ˵Щǹ͹µġ
ⷽ棬Ȼ׼ʱһλʯԱٶЩͬʯͷе
ʵʯĲ裬صµʯͷǲġ
ҪģǰѸƷʵʯͷɸȻʯͷ϶ͨʯͷݳȻ֪ģں̲棬вƷֵʯͷʱʵˮʯԼʯͷ
ֻҪܷʯͷ׼ЩߵĶһڻǵĵ棬Ҳһĳ
ʯͷḶ́ȻҲʯʯѡ⣬ƣЩƷ֣һ׹֮ġ
νĴʱ򻹵һЩʲϣΪ͵׹⴦ʵݵл˵ݡһعˣչʾѡ
һõûгġ˵ˣٵʯͷʯҪءһЩϡеʯϣǼ۱Ȼƽ
صҲǸʵˣзԣɵԼ顣Ҳֿˣܿġ
ǸСȻҲûţԵľŵĸ࣬ӴˣСҲġ
ˣҲô׾ͷֵġңУżҲòСԳȻҲֻһ·̽ţЩ˿ţһ¡


302 

ôͣͣģһȻ˵۲ϵϡ
ǽƹĵڻչӡ
һȻǰ˷ܵĸɶһġͰһȺд˿ջ档ǰһ˵ĳסá
ǲ֪ǴҵļʽҺʵ׬˲١ⷽһ츳Ļϣֿ˼ʽ⣬һҶˡ˶ȥٺ١
ãǱһҶˡѹôȻιһĵ̡
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¡ƹĺƺҲ˰
ǣٺ٣ڣ̫̫ˡ
Ȼզࡣѹôĺӣԭ˼һ˼С檡
Լҵ˺ðΪߣһЩĵŮ˻ȥϾǹŴҪһһһ˫ˣͦѵġ֪ܰ㡣
һƹĵ̣߻˵Ҫ֮Ȼˡ
Ͼ̫ԶͨҲ㣬Ϊ׬һֺ죬Ͷôľⲻ㡣
Ȼûɣ˫Ҳû̫źϾƹҲȻһǱҪԶġ
طٵĮ򣬱ࡣԽǿҪٽطʱ򣬳ȻģԽڴ
ͻȻ䷢֣ĮĵطȻĵڶ֮
ˣˣˣݵЩǡϤףʱ򶼸ֳ
㣬ûоãطҲǵļһˣ
֮ǰһֱһһشšһʣҲĸиš
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ȻҲиŵĺܡܲϧ㣬˵ʵ㣬ǰ̫ˡĻľйأ㷢ûУԴӵһСǣķòзԼΪ˴£ȵȣǿҵĸı䡣˰ҪһĻܳɳǿԻλ˼һ£е治Ļˣ
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֪ģǰ¥棬вΪȷʵû취·ٱ磬ִһЩʧٵŮڱǵͬʱû˵һ㣬Ҳֻ׷õѡ
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ϧʧȴȴϺϽġӹǰһֱҽڣ˵ҲһְҵڣҲãְҵǷǵýеġ
ǰ˱ҵʱһ˵ǼǮԲżʺ޵İɡʵˡǱӵԭǺֺýŵģȴԸ⸶Ͷֻһĸ˵ϣҪեȡࡣͶֻȡɵķʽõ棬Щ˿ԭ򡣺ǺǣϵĻţⲻǸôŮˣллҴˡҪ㣬ҿܻڻججػšҲҵСһһ
ߵĺӣȫǴȰ
㣬Ժõġţһĸغġ
⻰һЦŮˣãһĳһô˵ʵǵλʵҵһΪһӵġϧˡ
ŮˣղŻ˵һŮ˼áھͱҪ˼ҵСˣȻǸӴ
۾Ҫ
ֿЦˡءԺҲˣ˵ɡһһоҲͦõġȻҵּп۵ˣҲҽһ¡ϣֻŮ˵ġʵһֱǱŰŮҲŪ˵ġ
һȻʾ޷ͨ
˵ţһߵһһȻǳĬģڳȻžĽӴƺҲųˡ
óȻϲǣһһСƺ
ÿξһСһﶼĿšȻûȥרעؿС棬˵Ҳ翴ϣһ
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һǣιһһԹӣƺ¡
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һһСȴСŴͣӣһûȥءе㲻ףɶ˼
Ŷѵ˵СҲô
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Щ㶣λȴСһһĳʳҲھܾϲ̵¡
óԡ
СһЦ۵ЦݣǶƯѶһһҲЦˡ
㿴Цݣ۾һӾʪˡ
ȻѾͷս˳Ȼ֣˵ˡ
̫ˣԴӰһһһСһﲻ˵ЦˡڣȻֿаЦݡ
һһϲҲԡֵġСһҲ֪۽ˡСܣôҲöչ˰ǺӣҲҪСһ
ЩӣǸĴ˵·۵ġȻʣҲ󣬱˲١һ·ϣСӵĶЩʹһ·ߡ
һһǸʵӣιԵģʹʡǳԳˣҲһšչ˵ĴһҲˡôԻιĵܵܣо
ֱ꣬ȻȥϽһһ㣬һһС˺۾Ҫˡ㿴ȫˮ
۵һһãһһȴ̧ͷسһĬĬվ˾ߣһҪС㱣һεӡ


303 С

㳹׵ˡȻ㣬㱻Ҽһһˡ˼Ҫͦ㣬㿴˼ҪСء
Ȼεһ±ӣرһһԡ
ãˣһһ˻ĹȻջ𣬺һۣι⵱Ҳһ¡ûӱιô
㿩Ц£ûôһһȻ˼Ҳѡվˡ
һᣬȻɴ۾ͻȻ䱧
ѽ̫ˣоͰһһκѽ
һһԻؿⷢüСקϡִҪҪôˣŮ¡ԾҪˡ
ˡҲ֪Ϊʲôôᡣһһָˣһ˲¡
֪ж຦һһմعȥ
һһǲԸбˡھǾСࡣ
Ȼţһһеġ㣬ҲżŽһСèһĽɾҲ㡣йܼҺԺ飬Сһһƺˡ
ճȻ⣬ӦСһѡԵǶλ䡣ãǵǡ
Ϊһһҳ϶ȣڿɵˡ
ÿγһطҪʱ򣬱СһһһȥתƵɪʱ䡣
һһ׼Ǹ䡣
ǰӣܺرȻš
ǰϴĹҲŤŤ˳ȥϧһ䣬Ҳֻ䵽˲ݵӣǺܲмɨһǿҪµСʸͷвݡ
һһѵӵ˵㡣ƽѾĸӽ㣬Сʰҡ
СһһʵҲСԸ񣬾ǲᣬҲ̤ʵꡣ
СһһӡУҲһСĹҲġ
ƶˣͲ׼
ಡ
Ӳ
ȻûпвӣҲյһ¡һоһӵӣСøϽ·ǵãɧŰǰ˺һ㣬һƬóټвݰɡ
˷ܣƣƣףһһɹֻģһһο϶
СһܿģܰɧߣҲһΰĳɾͰ
ٿСܵɫ͸Լ˴󻨶һģɪС°̧ĸ߸ߵġ
һһ佱ˣСҲ˷ܵĸȾɫһŹಣֳв˺üһϹϹײײϡ
ֻ
Ӹεٳ˳֦С̼ˣ̫ᣬǴŸвݡǲ𣬰Ͷһ°ɡ̣ʹøˡ
Ǻڵɨһ۲ԶӸ粻òͶ𴦡
ŶҲһһ̫ˣǰӴඡ
˷ܵһһٺٵЦţ̵ҲСơ
Сһ£˷ܵغݺݵһ˦ơ
žף
СȤĺܰ
ȻЦģһ;治į
ͷšСһڸŴѧʯء
Сү̵ĲԣӦġ
Ŵ⺢ӺڵŵʦСһﵹҲǫ飬һ£һŴġ
һߵص£ֺǺǵؿˣʱʱָһ´֮
Ȼҡͷ⺢أ·ˣŴѧ̡
ԭȻҪֹѧЩСģС֮
ϴȴظӦôСͶ
ֵ̣ѧˣԺרע־֮Ķкô
⺢Ժһ㣬øѧһЩ֮ȻҲȥ
ϴ󼸸ļ룬ȻҲžίиǣ⼸˵ǵʦ
Ͼ书֮ĵôСѧվ׮ģôСѵ
ΪϵĹǿˣһͿϰġ
ܰܳΪ֣ҲǴСѵ
ǵȻȡɽ̵һЩִҲֻһЩӶѡºܰóۣЩֻʺûʮ꣬ⶫԲЧ
ѧһ׷ɽ֮ļΪЧ
Ȼ뷨࣬ϣӲҪһɶҲûУ߳ȥһٷ֮ģҲֻܸɵۡиҷ߳ȥҲ۸
ΪÿϼĲᱻߴ塣ΪСǿ飬ȻСѾͷӣԸ񣬺ǼһСѾͷǿϽ
⺢죬Ȼǿˡ
ʶ磬ͬҲʹĲĵһȥⲻһˣ㿪ʼ֡
Ŵ֣ʱžͺĵʦ
š
⺢ӰŴ̸ֽˣ˺üءŴֵߣҲء㿴ҵ֣֡Ҳְɣ
ᣬֻǻһѡǵ游ʱǻɷͽ֡ϧǻ¡Ҫүֵ֡ˣгϢˡ
ţҲҪѧ֣үһģһгϢˡҪǳЦ˵Ƿʯͷĺӡ
š
ջߣȻԶҰˡһ·г̣;ϢʱͰһЩҰþƼҼӹ
öطֵֻĲˣ⵱ʳ
ȴϰһЩҰĲˡ
㣬ҪĢͺˡ
ҡͷĢ˱߳ǵʱ˰Ұɡ
˾ǳȻϵĳ裬ĢŨһ뵽ȻҲסˡ
۸Ͻ߰ɣҸˡ
СҪɵ
µģҸɵҵֺǻء㲻֪үӿɸˣԼ֮أҪģڵСҲһǹԱԺٻ߳СطģǵطɾͲඡ
⵹ǣүǳˡһͣгĻᣬܲ˲Źˡ
ΪȻһ㵽߳ǣһԭµϢˡ
Ϊ˻СһƢڳȻһЩʳһСߺ󣬱㲻ڡ
һ·ϣСöܰ
ֻǺʹһһ·Ĭ
ˣҲºƽˡǰԺ㣬Ҳϣ֪ɣȻѾͷ治ˡҾûĽ㡣
Сúۡ
ǣһǲϲҷֿоǲҪ⵱һʣѵҴһӣʹزȻҲˣ
ú㯡
̾ε̧ͷһۡȻĹǡӦ̫ů㣬û̵ĳԹڷֳȥҲΪáͺԺĵطֳɾˡ
ԺϾǵҲġԳȻڷֳʱֻҪֳɡǷĲȡǰСõļױ


304 ݵ

ò˵ȻһȷʵǺܴ󷽵ˡ
Ҫ֪߳ǵطԺ׬ͷһҡ
׿˷Ĳҵ˵Ժ׬ǮؾͷָСáĶԵġ
ʵһϲĽһ𡭡СֹһȻؿųȻӵķ
ʵҲӦóɳˡȻҲǲ㣬ֻǰԺָ㣬ȥտҲ˲ǺܺôҲøһ䣬йһ㣬СǶءаµĲ㡭
Сգ۾˰죬֤Ҳ᷸õĴǴһĲ㣬Ҳ֪ôģ
ʿᶨİСãǿǰƭġ
Ըɡ
ʵȻôԺָСãҲΪ˴롣
ȷҲˡ
˭ǰء
С÷ֳԸͻţǾȥǼ̰֮Ҫ࣬Ļת֮ء
ò˵ȻҲడ
˳԰ţ˻Ӻ󣬱зȥ
ͷȥ˾ôãżҲ⵱޵Ļǻ˵塣Ȼ˻ϵĺ񰮣ίΣ˻ǵˡ
Ҫ֪ͷӵãķôء
Ҳ֪ʱȻѾͷͷӼ氡ǵģ֪Ҫȥء
һߵӿֻҡͷ
˵ĲүȥΡʵϣأүǹҵĽ
ˣˣϢϢ
ʱ޹˳˽
˸ϽͣĻ޹£ˣ
޹°֣ǣǣˣŻкõ¶
˸˷ˣѵ˵үˣⲻܣүڱίΣôܻء⵽׺°
޹µҲ̫˵θڣЦ
طˣҸյϢ˵۸Сء
һŷӦ˵ȻѾͷˣ
֮ǰûӦʲôС֮ģףԼϵĸŮء
ɲôСءѼСҲˡ˵Ҫԣŵ˵С˶ŨĢˡ
һʹӿվ
ˣϽȥʵĢиʵıʳͳͳ˽Ҫˡ
ֵģϿԳĸĲඣ
ʱĳȻһˣ֮ͣǰ޺õСԺǰ
ѽԼҵĵϲʳȥ
ɶҲûУҲһԺġ
СõƬطҲ˷ࡣ
кʰ˶СñȥԺˡ
ȻͳȻֵĲô죬ϲԼҵġ
ҿ˫ϲտţԺҲԽԽá
Щݻϰ˵ķǣڸǳݵû¾ڽǰĺġ
ϾҪƯһݻ϶ǲġ
ҪģñŽ塣ǴȱıʱԵúҪ
ҪݻҲһ˱ġǵøλǽܲСҲ˵Ȧӵˣڡ
ȻһʱȥģǼ̨֯
ŲϱͳȻ·𿴼һѶӡ
ڸ֯һһͬȻ˲ιۣһ߽˵һС
̣ǵ˷ֳ˶ΣҹӰÿĲȫԹӦϱ󡣾һȺڶһСɽǵѧеѡǮˣöƾúҲ֣֪̿ɷһλʶֵ
Ϊ֯ԭ򣬳ȻһȺŲһƧСɽصȻҲᵽЩ˵ļҲаᵽȻ⣬ֻ˵ǸǷĲһַֻģѹ뵹ǻġ
ܹĺܵλġһˣǵˣҲûԸ͸¶
סĵطˣҲǮˣ⺢ǵѧϰͳ⡣
ȻԴãһûУҾʹƸһǴ塣ֻҪҲܷչǻмǣõ͵Ǳй¶ֻѱġ
һεĳȻˡ
طص֮ء˲ٵıȫʩһЩƬطء
ȻЩ˱ġʵϣֹصǰ̽
飬ȻİѲ˶ǮҪģðġ
Ӳ˷֯سڳϣЩ곤˵
Ժǻðѻһ¡ܸоô̤ʵ
ȻҲһֱ˼⡣
ԣǱѺƬֻаѶᵽԼĵϣܸģҲȫʱҲѧ⡣б鷳
ڱ˵ĵؽ磬չ鲻ôáҪǷ֯һҵ̫ˡǱ֪ҪɱԵġ
Ǳ֪ƸҲɱһ㣬˶ĺܡЩ֯ˣӽƬӺ󣬱Ǹ˷֯ĸӡзʾ͸¶صܣЩ˱űڵʵһ㣬˶йʶġϾ
ˣǨ֯ص飬ǵúǵĽ˵˰죬ȥߴɡǰȥǱ߶룬Ǳ߷ô飬ͦ˼İ
һảߣȻҲеˡ
ɲô빹ǣݲɣԼˡϧǵĸ֣ڲˡ
ʲôµλˡȥʵΣŻܱġ
һβв۵鷳ˡȥҲһ·Ժ֮Ҳһ
Ȼʼ磬źµˣԺ󶼵öȥ¡һ㣬ʹӰдʼܿ
ԭҲǸû̫׷ˣֻҪȥһˡ
ڶžСһƺϰˡ
֮ǰвͷʱ򡣲ֻҪһЩԵģһһһЩŴС飬ɶҲûССѾͷɻˣ㼸ƣϵʱ򣬱Ŵĵ̰
ƣСһһ£˱ĺơȻǵƾ˭ӮĿ࣬˵ĵõ˵
Ӯǻȵȡ
ͳȻҲȥԸСһˣ
һ·⼸СҲ̫ꡣ
ôţĹһ˾͵˺ߴ塣
뺣ߴʱȻͷɫ


305 

طڲٵķӰǰô·ӣ
Զһڿķӡ
֮ǰķӣҲֻһЩ򵥵ᡣڲһˡߴ岻˶Ǿ뺣߽ϽһֱʯͷӶࡣ
ʯͷˣһ˵úڿط£ҲͦȵġԺܶﲢ޽ᣬ
˽ʱö˾ͣĻơֱʺһȺ˲ŻȻ
ǡˣ
ȻЦסԣǡ
һ£иɻҲˡ
һȫͣ
̣һˡ
ǺǣҲǰ
һȺʵĴ񣬳ȻϵЦݡ
ã峤Ҳ˳ǰӭˡ
̣ηˡ㺬Циŵؿһܡ˲ٰ
ǰһ࣬˼ﶼǮˡǰûǮסĵطխСһЩҲʹպˡڲһˣ˼ҶǮͿʼ취סĵطڿһЩһӼһſϴС˯ˡ
һС˯Ȼ㶼һۡ˵治Լͬ뵽һĻ档һԷ򸾼ʱߵĺͻȻڸ
ʱٱӽѰð˸ȥ
峤ƺҲ˵뷨һ죬Ҳûٶ˵ʲô
Ǵ岻ԼסãڵءдԱι۵סҲã̺ηǼպÿס½õᣬûļסء
ϴ峤˵ţһ˴˲Զĺ
½ϵˣǺߵˣиŷ֮ġЩߵˣŷľǺһЩ˵ĺ
Ще㣬ֽŵĴڣǹعȻ׵
㱻һȺνдȥ
һոµʯͷӣ滹͸ɹ⡣߽ȥļҾ߸ɾмǼ֮衣
˺ɫ
һϲЩķ䡣
ۣƯһһͷǼܿźô󰡡ȥ
ȻһϽһһסԣⶫﲻõģһỵⷿûкÿˡ
ǣһһ̧ͷֻɻضĻƺôŰ
㣬ܻسһߵľ
ֶġһﻵˣûֺöˣһһҲˤġ㲻ˤɣ
ε̯֣һһ֣ˣпõĶߣȥķĶ
һһŸϽ꿪Ȼ֡ʱһۡƺղŵֹΪ
ȻѾͷԽԽкѽһһҲǣĶˡ㿴ţ԰£ŴһĶá
ɲˣ˭˵С̫ˡ˭˵ģ⺢ûﶼû˭˵ģŵʽӦñһ¾ͺˡ˭˵ģĺһġ˭
Ҫûû˵˵ȥȻϽͶˣˣŹҰɡǸȥһȥǲŽİĵطԺû¾ȼһ
һͬĴ峤ֺǺǵؿ˶졣
ֱ˰ˣбտţȻ˱ץʱȥѲһ
·ʱȻҲû˽һ´״
ǴںùˡԴѺĶԸɻۺǴĺö˵Ӿͺù̫ࡣΪɻĺãƹĻѰϴǰڱ̵ĻԴ£ҲһЩĻơԽԽáǰǴˮƽƫ͵һӡʱĺö޾ϱҲ˵ġڲһˣǴϱˡ㲻֪ڵĲ˼ңýŶšǹﻹСǣڶ˼ء
˼ңںľǵˡ
ϴ峤˵Щ˷飬ȻҲŸˡ
治ŰŶʱ䣬Ȼ仯֮ԺǺı仯ġ
ˣ󣬸Ǳء۽ҲˣΪ˶˵׵ˣⲻȥˡ֪ôˣﻹỶϲʲôء
ڻܼҵʱ򣬳ȻŮ򷢻غˡ
ϾѾͷҲһûˡԱǰ塣û뵽Ѿͷ󣬾ȻֻȻصСĺͻĳ
̰һŮҪУҾҼҹŮҲȥɡҼôѾͷʮ͡˵ĶˮġԲ˵ġ뷨ܼ򵥣ȥһ˻˳ˮ˺ܶ಻˵˰ͻ˵ˣҪģˡл¶ҪģòҲѧʶ֡ѽ㲻֪һϵòٵֵʱȫĹСȫĽ۾ɴѽͷңҲĽĲˡ
ȵȣ峤ˣƺһ鰡ȥŮǵİȻĨ
һ͵͵Ц
ǺģѾͷ֮Իһڱ˲ٵ֡
ǹͿȫŵİ
Сһ̫ѧϰߵŮ֮ģĸƵְ
СҲǱƵһ֡ջС֣Ҳûϡ顣ŵѾͷСǣûһɵġΪ۰
˵˼һĺӶʶˡһԼҲᣬ˼ôΪ̺үˣǾԵѧġҲеһλ
Щ飬ҲԴ˽ġԲֵĴ峤ҲĽʺˡ
ȻܾᣬҲ˵ŵԵʣܵҲֵİɡ峤ˣһؽԼҹôô㡣
˳ȥʱһСﻹվѵ⼸Ƥᡣ
˵أûЩó˷ѣûǵƤ⼸˰ɡϽͻȥǼҵɶԡ
ҲҲѾҲ̫ûˡôСôԺ˭Ȣ㰡
СѾͷ˵Ļüһ
һߵ֦ȥ
ʣҽедĽǽѵļһ
ۣѾඣඡ
Ѿ
Ȼоأ峤εؽˡ
ǷѾͷߵػͷһСܵػڳȻϴתת
˵ǰ
Ѿ̡
СѾͷȻǸﳤĺӣھȻҲейоصġ
Ĵ۾͸Ŵ鶯һŮѾͷȥҲԺ;һ𡣸Ҫģ⺢ӴһЩˣԽ̵һЩڡҪģܵ顣


306 ̻

̣ôѾͷȻƤʵЩƽʱǺġǼСӾǺ˵ĻСӣҪȻҼҹŮҲᷢ쭵ġ
ղŹŮ弸Сӷ쭵ӣϾôÿϴ峤оΡ
Ȼǲã˼Ҷ۸ͷˣѵѧûģӲҪȥô¶ȻˣҲԸҲȥ
ţСǰɣãҼҾһԸ⣬ԺһȥֻСŶһ뿪ԶдСǡʱҪһΣҲǼѼѵġ
ȻɫغС˵ʹ峤˵
СһҲǸ˶
ǺûˡȻһʡСԥˡ
Ҳûԥã̧ͷܼᶨؿųȻػ
̣ȥ
ȻȤѾͷе˼
Ϊʲôأû磬ôȷȥôУĵСǣ
ǻôСʱ϶ǲȥġϾ뿪һϤĻ
ȻСôĻشȴ⡣
Сô̧ͷ貵ӽһЦݸϡ
ǰҾ˵ôô꿴ˡ˵˺ܶǸ飬źңҲһģһֱڼšܾãڵҪġҲҪһͨŮ
ҰģҲ뷨һСȻҰġ׷뷨СҪ˲š
˵ˣҵľҲûӵˡСôǸģţҲġ˵ˡС׷Ҳûд
صͷã⼸ͺ;һϤɡͱһġʶһλ½ġ
ôһҲӦһ󣬱ǰȥҾȥˡ
㿴СѾͷҲǳǳЦѯϴ峤ѾͷһҲڼûʶĺѽ
ϴ峤ɪˡ
ǣҼҵôǰһֱӪءŶ˵ˣۼҴѾͷ޸һҾӪջĺӡСѾͷڼң岻ôãҲչ˲ԵģѾͷͰСôӹȥüġ
飬һء˵СĺӣôһҲġȻ⣬ҲСѾͷʶˣԲԸСɽԵʰɡ飬¶Ҳϴ峤ҪȥġСôԼҪѾͷǸĻ
Ϊ˸ϰ㣬Ȼһ׮Ըһߴӹȥ
ԳȻΪ׵һЩ˽ȻĴҲһɻʲôҲǺܾ
С֪ˣҲûĳӭӣලԼһ
ӵĸɻȻſ
ڲԼۣбƹҲҪչȥֻѹ͹Ӧԭѽ
صĻԴȻȴ뵽˸Զĵط
˵ǡҲĵ顣С¶⻰ǺܸȤ⺣һȫڸ
ںҵһƬ˵ֻзȨ
̣Ҳ취ЩҪСƬΧֳϧǲܵģϾЩҰںĶﻹһЩһЩࡣ⺣棬СҪġЩĴֻڴЩ洬ѹͲʤǳҪˡң⴬У̵ڻ̫
ᵽӪȻҲֻš
˽ģϵӪΣյġڴǵĳǷḻðͷæĴˣߡ
һҲֻӡʱ᳤һЩԳ캣׽Ҳ̫ʺͬдġʶڣҲǴ̫УϾٵҪֳ
ˣںĶǺϧġǲһӲ̫ࡣǰֶûˣԺ󻹳ɶءò˵С˶ںıִĺöǿ̫ġ
Ҳ˵ҪľһҴ󴬣شŵĴС
С³صصͷǵģǴĳ˿ʮˡĴںϺǺΣյġһͻȻ籩ױγġ
Ǿʹ򴬰ɡȻСܹ¾ԼǮŪ
ǣСܹµõһϢûеĸˡ̣֪ܲҪĴ˵֡Ǵ󴬡ִһƬûܴ˵ֻоǵһЩҵĲܴ졭
һ£Ȼ㶼ˣ飬Ĵܴġ
뵱֣󣬹Ǵ촬ֻķ˲ٵ
ȻҲ֪ˣڲܹҪĴֻҲǼġܲһ֣Ĵô󡣿ҲС̫ࡣ
Ĵû꣬ĳһʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ôڵİ㣬һʱȥҰ˵ˡ¹ǰˣҲ
Сܹ²ûٿЦ˵Ĵ㡣ҪҵͶʿ϶ٲ˵ġһҪеҪҲһЩĴ㡣׼ĴֻвĹߣбĶ֮ģáʮصĺзĹߣǾ͵׼°ֻ
Сܹº˵Ȼ۾ԽԽ
ʮصзصĺϺǧĴħ㡣ʵӦСܹ˵֮ģеһУڳȻ˵ȫʵġ
룬һҴ󴬳ǲ̵ĶȷʵǶ̫ˡҪģһԴҲͶࡣϾź߲ĺ١
ǻ׼һЩ֮ģ֮Ҫ׼Ķ̫ˡ󴬣дˣھǴ·̵һΪȫҪǨھͼҪҴ󲶴˵ǧӡһҲۡϻвٵĹһĻǧӡôһǮǴڳԲһ̣¶Ը⣬Ǿȥ̸һ
ã˼˴ֻֻͬˡΪԱȫΪ˲̸񣬳ȻҲûСܹ¼ƽϡôбҪġ
ðСܹ£ڵأ̸˵Ĵֻȴһת·ǿƹĺÿģ
Сܹ²˼ͷҴˣĴˡҪǣ⼸ǧͶʣ㲻Ը
ǧС˵ǱʴĿǮ
Сڵջ˵һһǧǲˡң⻹òͶʽ𣬴ջǰ²С
ΪСܹ²ŲҶĳȻ᲻Ͷ롣ϾͶһҴ󴬣һǲԸġͶ̫࣬һڣܿЧء


307 

£ҲϣƣԴ㻹̤ʵ°ɡ飬ȥСԴˣǻջСԴӹ
˼󣬳ȻҲԼҪ齨̶ӵ˵˳ҪϣȻҲŪĶȥڵġһ㣬ֻҪһЩԱ
С󣬱׼Ҫˡ
뿪СҲŻˡ󣬾ȻһλʵСӡ񣬺ģ˵ʱС׷ˡ
λЦţﺦߵضţλ̣ЦҿɸǼˡ
ֻǿǸˣٳЦ
գǸСһ磬Ͻȥɣⶼˡ
ŶСӦһ󣬲ûе뿪Ǵ󵨵ߵȻǰ̣֪õĶңᲶ㣬ῴңԷ٣޳֮ġǲҾ͸һ߰ɡ
˵꣬ĵȥɰĲˡ
̣ĪҪӦˡҲǵ˽һЩѡҪ˵ģҲ̫еġ
Ȼȴ⡣СаЩֵûᡣ·ţںǣⲻһȫܵĵɽô˲ţôҲ˹ȥ
ҲĻ·޳֮ģȻϡؿ⺩
СЦĺܴ棬̣һءЩǰûٸɡҲǸֻⷽҪžͻˡ
д峤һ߶ţҲŵͷ԰̣𿴴ǸˡʵСһءܶ༼ֻǿۣ͸ġ˵⸽һԶ磬Ƕ㼫õӴ
ĻˡţŤϽԼȥˡ
ȵԶˣûϷСӡ˵׷Ǽȥİɡ㿴ôã㻹ȥǿﰡ˵Сӣôô鰡ĹӦҲвƯϲɣΪʲôһֱǼģ
ȻҲضͷСӺٺٵЦˣɹڵϣҸЦݡ
ҺǴСʶġСʱҾ϶ϱˡһ׷ҲҪ׷֡Ϊ˵õһֱŬѧϰǮ
ãǸְ
ȻЦˣ͸ȥǰɡ˵ðǸطǼһضʱ˵̫С
ᣬֻҪڵĵطôҲԸš
ðɣֻаǲĴڡΪˣȻҲͲٶܡ
죬һЩɣбĺֲĸɻһ·ˡ
ԭһֱڣڶһ޳Сˡң޳˼һ쳵˴·ϣиСⶼԸ㶨
ʱǰᰡ
޵۾ģȻ˼ˡ
뿪һˣȻĨᡣû취һֱ׷ųܡ֪ôģһƺǧǡ˼ҵĲ㺣ҲòŵᡣüأҪͣٻȥοһ˼ҡ
ˣֻʹˣԽĲðɡȥǱֲǲġʵҲô
֮߳أڱ˵ֻһ̫ĳС˵ȴһʽվĵط
ҲرһЩ䡣
ҾǾãһƺӲᡣԽԽãҲ̫ˡ
ȻȻ̾
ȴ۾΢תתûǴһڳͣƺŵһɵҩζ
ʱû̫ϸ룬룬˵ɫǲôð
ϲҲ֮飬û̫İο
һ·ߵĺ֮ʻȥ
һ˻һһ߶档
·һ¸طȤ֮ġȻҲһµġ
ͣͣģֱʮһ˲ŵĿĵغǡ
ĪǺԭؾɽķʧԽԽ١ÿ궼ɽ飬⴦طԴҲԽԽ١ʯͷ৳ԽԽ١ֵĵطҲˡ
ԭ߸ӣɴȴֻ
ȥ˼ҵŮһСһλΪСеˣԾţҲûԸɵġ
ĪҲΪȢϱ¶ֻϣһܳԵıǼ¶
ϧ±Ҳǲ׵ġΪԽԽ١ԸֵĵطҲˡ
̧ͷգĪųͷĶĶȥĶҪˣȷʵеѶȡԾжҲũеʱȥǽһЩСܻ±Ҳǲ¶
Ͼ⺮̫ˡ
أ·ߴһ졣
Īͷֻһβˡ
Īһ飬Ͻųͷǰ
Զ˿ôسһ䱸ӡĪȴǶ˵ǰͿʼæڵأٰǳӡ
ȻһĻİ˿飬˼æİط˻ô飿
ʾĻɲûеġͷæ󣬱۰Ͱ͵ؿżˡ
ȻˣǰæˣϣǵһЩǮ
ȻܿҨһϸСӡǮȷʵ͵ĶЩһ˵·߰æֻҪһǮҲǿԵġȻŵ⺮ǵĵؽҪ˽ĶҲࡣ
үӣллѽ廹治أͦġлġ
ĪǵųȻǵɢӣ۾һӾĴġҲûһģ˰죬̧ͷѵؿųȻˣ㣬Ҫҵġ
ȻͱĪԾסˣͷˣЦŰɢĪţллæѳγˡһ°ǻжԶܵ氡
ĪӹӣǷڱᣬϤζٲˡǣ⻹ʵˣַŵʱҧһ¡һǳǳӡӣĪźٺЦŰӸϽ߬ˡ
طˣǰҿԴȥһ·ϣһݵʱɶģҰæŪôǮҵø𡣡
ȥɻˣôһǮĿˣ˼ҵǮȻð͵Ŀĵȥ
ȻҲϳһǰ
Ī˿ǹĳٿԼ͵ĻƽŸӡˣһǸ⼸λϳĴֵһ߰ɡ
ϲ⺮һЩʲôȻҲ棬һ졣
ĪüͷôȷطʡҪ˵Ķʯͷ㲻ģʯͷʯͷ̫࣬ˮҲߡⲻԽԽ٣ֳׯڵĵطҲԽѽ


308 ۾

Ȼͷ̧ͷЩط
·ĵطҲɽʯͷ֮ġ
Ȼ·ôߣΪ˽࣬ȻԾ³Īһߡ㣬ҲЩʯͷطġ
ŶЩʯͷԻǮİɣʯͷҲǿԻǮģһȻҲ
ܣǮࡣ۱ˣ÷ϴȥɡʯͷˣ
Ī˵žҡͷ̾
طҪûֵأԽԽٰ
ʯͷɽôŹͺͺɽȻҲǰġ
ʯͷĵطҪôܰһƬط
ʱҲòϣ󣬰й滮̫˵㰡
طҲɽġɽȥһЩ˾ͿɽԹֵģҲвͨİҲԺһЩɡĪҲ̸һ·ʱش
Ŷطеٵ滮û
ٵĪҡͷ˼ҵٵģȥһЩõؽطгǹ֮ģûˮҲȥءλ͹ĳǷˣǼͷӣûãǼڳţȴƨ²ܵġ
Ŷ˵Ǳ͸һλϢɿô
ȻʼʣôķذЩ˲᲻֪ɣ
ʹͣ³˵ǰҲʹ͹һλ˵תһתУתˡºһֱΪϾ͸˻ȥλҲ˵һ³Ůû¾ܣǱ˽ѵҲǺü˵Ϸڣ˼ңôƤҲôġŮҲǿһֱûߡͷҲð
Ȳ֪λ³ҪûӰϵ㣬ʱءֻӣȻơ֮ǰ˫ϲѾͷ㱨¶ȻȫǱϲǵġ
һ·ϣ·治·
ǳӾݵüء
Ŀ裬Ĳܵġ
ôͣͣģòײű͵˺ªĳǽȻһβȷߵĪһǣ
ʲôͼʯͷŤŤؿ˶֡ǣ
ǣ˵õĳء
˵õأ
˵õ̯λأ
ģ̣˼ûС
ӣ⵹УƺҲˡ
ӣҲϡļʮˡǰڷŵģһЩªĺڱӡ
һ̣Լ̯λ
ûģ
ȻȷԼûԶһ˰ڷŵ̯λǰԼֳʳڻȡߡ
̸˰죬һҨףһץһѡһڵϣϽӡ
ȻеˣΪʲô֮ǰҨһСӸĪ˻˵顣
Ϊƶ
һĪ߸ϽѰ߬
ˣ㲻ջˡ
⻰Ҳ˵ĳ
Ȼֵģ֣ţллˡ
ȷȵһСӣĪˡǰȥӵ̯λ˶ӣȥĵط˵ʳŷյĶؼˡߵʱ򣬻Ȼ˵ͷıʾл
ΪƧСǣԳȻһ˵ĵӡ˿ǵ̰֮⡣ڵģЩڿϴ弸ʱȫ
ãһ㣬ûǡ
ԽªĽң³ס󣬳ȻǶʻȥǰһСӣȻ졣
۵ֳ
ȻѾͷˣط˯ţҲ˯ǿһ㰡룬жӣǣ
ָӣȷʵжӡһһҪˡ
һ䣬ҲмªĴ֮ġʱԶ¿ӵ
̡̣ǿˡ˫ϲͲûϲˡȻţ϶ǵĵġ
ϾطС磬㲻¶
ͷյŮѾͷĽһݣһڰ
Ǻݺݵġ
С磬ͬĺݺݵģܲ
˫ϲӰôİ
Ȼ§椵ĵһ仰˫ϲ۵ֳ
̣˵ġߣݶ˵ȥ
жŲ˺·ӵĸӣһؿһȺˡ˫ϲϤģ㰤Źѯʡ
ϲﰡ⼸λƯ˭ſ濡ء⼸ӣƯûôƯСһǡ
ţεĳ˰
˫ϲһܣһȫųȻ㿴
ǶŹƵġеģͦġ
ʱһλͷ׷߹ǣĳôƯˮĸ˼ңҲֲߵİɣ
طǸҵ˰Ȼ⼸һͦǶƵ˶ǵͲ˴Կˡ
ǻмƯСӣˡ
ȻǲΪȻǿ򶨵ҽһλҾĳȻԺʲô⣬ҷӦȻܼķΧڽҿ˿⺮ǵ⣬ƺܶࡣҪģǳԷס⡣
һ⣬һΧ˹Ȼ̯֣˵ʵҲ˵ģһ죬治ܵʲôһ仰ǲôһŬһ±ԣĵ·
ȻǺܱһ˫˫۾˵Ĺâ
Ȼ֪ƶʱҪĲ˵̫Ļʵʵؽ⡣
·һһȡ˫ϲڴ˴׼һЩֲѣȻʼɨ
ΧſϷһȺˣų˶Զˣ۾ҲԽˡ
мȥϴ·ʱ򣬸ǳϣ
λǸʵµģһǺĻشĸıأ
ɣ⺮ǵĵط˭ס㿴˺ѣǼӣһȺ£Ҳĸķ׳ĺܡҹˣ⺮ǣǴͻߵġһεĳԶôĳа˵ˣҲûԸֵġҪôƽ޹ʵ͸һλǻҳԱģ
˵⻰ģǳ㴺ɩҲһЩ̸¼ʶ֮ģҲͬ
һϣǰ
Ѱ˼ҵģĸΪ˻ģ⺮ǣ˵е㱾µˣĸȥȥҼҵǿӣǮҲٰҪҲһӳȥˡ
㴺ɩ̾ش·
δǵ˶ú㯡
ֻж䷿ֲ١ԳȻʱŮһһ䷿ȻǴ̡ҲȨ֮ơ


309 ɽʯ

ӵνģ˵˯̣ͨȻֺǺǵڵҴ
Ҳ·ڸŴɨڿ죬ȻЩⲻȥ
㣬ҪܲˣͻȥɡҲῴġ
ݺݵصһۣ˵ô¶ʲôסİɣԵģۻƵˣܱȥסȥҲܣңһĺתġ
ôһûȻǸ̾Ҫ˵һЩɿķڡ
ٺһЦʵΪҵľµġۼҵһһҾһҩѶʡˡõ¶
ãмĻջذɡѾģͲӦöŮим֮ġ
ʰӣȻȥ˫ϲһ׼
ϴ壬ص¼ȻҲû뵽Ҫĵطôơ⼸ҲԹˡ
СӵĴ£ȥʯͷ׼ɳӡ
ϾôˣҪסǾ͵ðѷŪˡ
Ҫʯͷ㡣ľģǻ÷һЩȥһЩƬ֮ģ򡣲ȥԼҤĺˡС˵Ҳ̾
˫ϲĲƬطҪſ˫ŵȥһ˭뵽ӵĻûƵͷܡ
СӰطôôȥϴЩƵʡ
Ҫ˵˫ϲѾͷ¡֣ɵˣ˭뵽ڴһϺѾͷʵشȥ˵ɳͲ˫ϲһүǵģܱܲһŮ˻ɡԾôඡ
ϴǻãһ˫ϲǿҪµģ۵Ӹ磬˵ĲЦɣ˫ϲǺݵѾͷȻҪµġҿӺܺ
ϴ˦־͸һƣϣСľŮ˺ͺӡ콭ĵһôߵİЩ¶ܸǵġ
ϴ죬ûϴ󶥡
Ȼ˫ϲʰؽǿһֻҰⵣһֻҰӣھͺǵĽ˵¶ء
̣ҳʱҲʧġҶ˵˵ģҪһɼܳ㵱겻ҲǰҵôȻͬ飬˿ҲġҲó԰ɡôţĵҪˡ
ȻοؿһݵСŮӣȻǳЩǾȴԽļˡһ˫۾ǲõϵһǸ˿󣬻ڵİɡ
ˣ㿴ƬطߵĵطҲ١ûоã⺮ǿɿĿЩҪΪǶܶģΪˣİ
˫ϲضɿ״һ߲׼˼Ұϸһ׼Ұԡ
̣Ҳʡ⺮Ϊ¡ǴĴ㡣ЩطҪԵ⣬÷ɽϴ·̲ܵɽȥǵطľҲ࣬ҰҲв١ϧͷҲܶࡣһˣ治ҽɭȥԡǽԵ⣬ǰӺһһȥԵġҲˣƬطľʯͷģǻĵءˮ¶ȸߣطˮʧĺذ
Ȼĳ˳İǵλѾĻ˵ͦġʲôʹһǡһճ
Ҫģ֮ǰĳǣȻǽֶԸġ˴Ƕôưܡ
˿ڷֲҲϡ衣
Ҫ˼ɽܡ̰طܰʯͷΪɸ־Ķ벻ʲôܱǮĿˡ
Ȼ۾һ
ʯͷΪɾĶⲻͺ·ϵ뷨һô
ˣһյص£ƺն˰
˫ϲˣʯͷȷʵǿԱӵġ쿪ʼǾȥɽתתĻҵһЩʯͷǮ
˫ϲҡͷԸ첻Ҫ̫ʹͺá
ҹϴ弸ƿƣСϲľͲûɴ۾
ѽ̰ǲ֪Դط󣬾ûȹôľˡطҲһ۾Ƶģۣ綼⡣ȻǾư˲֪ٵˮҲеζ󰡣һǮһôһ㡣
ȻĴСϴ弸Ц
Ȼһ£⼸Ժģ治̫ص¸˸ǵĺܡҲǣ֮ǰ±ˡԼ뻹ܻ챥ӡ
ѾͷЩƻЩɡЩҲ˲ˡ
ȻѡҪƬ֮ǣǾ͵ðطá
ҹԶʵֻ̫˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ͷֳ˶Ρ
СӴɽɽʯ̧׼ӡ
Ĳ࣬εͦġ
ΪֻʱסԳȻҪһдӼ
ֻҪסˣӲᱻܣܲǾǳɹġ
Ů˵⻰ϴ弸ǹľؿʼɽʯ
ɽʯҪ֮ġʱ򣬳ȻҲ׼һЩ֮ġ
ƿС֪ôŪֻҪըʯͷٿɣǾ׵ĶࡣΪ˾סȻСӷһЩǣǮðɽʯӾ콨һǮҪġ
Сȥ˵ʱǰһͭǮȥġһ·ϣ˿ЩͭǮ۾ɳˡ
ôһת˶ڴҪ֪ҪӿɽʯһӿԾ
Ӵط˻ͦϴиǧ
СӺٺٵЦǴľˣ֪طĲУǮ֮¶ǾеġⱾؾй̫ˣ㿴еˣɺӳ⺮ǣȥƽȥˡڵĺǣľ͸һģʣһЩϵģС֮ġоɵӱһ֡
ϴڨڨӣĿҰɽҲЩɥ˵Ҳǣúõĳﲻţôǵ躮ǰ
С̯֣ѹɤ˵ɲҪСŮ˰㣬ǸˡǮ˲ٵġڿŲô˵ԺܰѺǻء
һ㣬С˫ϲӰ죬ȻäĿҲóȻ
ϴ嵹Ʋ죬ֿǲǣҲֵѣѣĵѰ
ڶȻһͺ˳ȥӲԼء
ĿҰǻɫ
żһʺֲׯڵģ÷ֹɽ鱬
ԽȻüԽҲ֪ʵжôĲпᡣ
ذִĻԭǿǳִ֮ĸ߿Ƽ޷⣬ʱԣ
̣۲У뿪ɣУҲˣҪ滮ϼѰ
һߵ˫ϲȰοľˣô¶
ǣȻֻǳĬؿһУ˺ðҲͣºһˮ
ȵһƬƺؽӵĵطһƬֲﲻˡ


310 ʵ

̣ȵˮɡ˫ϲ˼ȣˮݵǰ
˶ڣȻ߻ûŲǰļֵءһ鲻ĵأֲͨũĺڵأвôֲĻƵء
Զһũڳݣũʱʱɨһ۵Ӽۣһֲǰѯʵӡ
ԶһƬɽ֣Сϴһɽȥˡ̣ȥϴ弸ǲջˡ
ǡʱϴ忸һͷ˫ϲ˷ܵҪȥ
ȥɣȥɡ
Ȼ֣ͷ˿ϴƺһͷһѧֽɽԣЧǲһġ
һߵũĽؿԶĴԵˣȻԼڨڨվǶˣ
үӣճôҿ̺ЩףЧƺ
ũȻһӣҲط˵ĻճɰôءЩС̺ģڿǲһǴ꣬ɽϵʯ֮ĻһƬصׯҲ֪ܱܲסĵطҲֲֲѽ
ũ˵üˡ
ȻȴȤؿǰ⼸Ƭֲֲͬĵضϲֵط϶Ķġһ£ְףֻճô
ũǺЦĨ˰أ㿴ɰҪֳףҪֲװ͵ҽµһƬزųɵѽһƬǻѽǻأҲΪذҪطôϡٵء
Ŷ
ȻȻʵҲƬط֮ԻһЩũڴ˵ؾסҪǰΪ˰˵أΪѲĵطסġ
˿ڹ̶ũ࣬Щ굫еϢ˼ңȫĲˣټҰǨȥ
Ҫˣ࣬˺ӵһȺ
һ̣ȻҲЩĵġ
ŲԸı䡣ʱǰļƬ򲻶ϵ˼ҪôıС
ǻƺϵĵطֲɿѵĺشµĲܿѵģҲһЩء
ƫƫֻռ˲ٵĵط
4
ףƺڻӵĵطƺҲֲмĵشǶǻƺӵĵطƬطһ꽡׳İס
ϲֻƺӵĵطƺҲ
ũĵɨһۣǰҲǿֲġҲֻǿ
ȻȴǹشЦ
ũͻȻʹЦŵ۾ɵԲġˣĳͷĸˡ⸾ˣĪԴҵ˶ա̫ϧˣŵϸƤۼӴӿһ˶κǸӴҵ˶
˫ϲҲԶ̣̣СӺϴȻһͷӰпڸඡ
ȻȴǲôںԵջ񣬶Цݣе㼤ؿũϲ˵ЩطأٲŻЩ棬кЩأͿ԰ׯֳô
ũһϵĻƺأƺҲԣҲʼһУҲٵ˰궼ðͲڻ档¶ôڵĵصĹ򣬻ȥ˵ܹ֮ĻƲء
Ȼȴ˷ˡ
֣ϲÿ궼һЩ㣬вľ֮ĸĳɷݣֲﲻͿֲô
ɷݣũЩȽĴʶ⡣
Ȼ룬Ե˵
ϲġذɣҪֲֲǾ͵øĳɷ֡˵е㸴ӣҿһ£еĻӦþͿԴƹ㿪һƬҲֳһЩֲ
ڵĻأٶֲֻһЩ֮ġ
ɾݳȻ֪ģأƺҲֲһЩֲ
ʲôģ̫Խľ͵ٵˡһɹζƬؿԵõĸơ
뵽ȻҲȥתɽܡ
̡̣
˷ܵر˫ϲҲϽк졣
ûط㿴һͣ԰ǰǸվڳԵıյˣĳȻ۾һʦүʦүôҲطˣ
⣬̫ˡ
Ѿͷû뵽ּء˵Ƭطæ˵õҵĵطء
õ㣿Ȼͦεġ
ʧˣڳоһС㲻ϵġû̯ĶҸطͰˡʳģǰڼӶѵġʦүǾ̺֣ڡ𰡡
ǣʦүȴһЦ
˫ֲһǷʣģȥˣ
ɲôȥתһ£ӲһʺЩʲô
п
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۴һ³ȻţҾ;ѾͷǸ͵ģڿҲȷʵһȷѡ񡣡
ٺ٣ʦү˵Ķԡҵһһ׼ģܲ࿴׼ô
⻰еʦүζˡɻǸСѾͷʦүеִ磬ԱˡܰºעΪ˳ȻССһѡͬǴԽͷӣôô軵ء
Ѿͷ˵۹ⶾҪô㰡ôҲǿӡˣûɶ뷨һ·ϣĿȫǻذżеڵصĵطֵҲҪġطʱٰ
õˣ·ϣһƬط˸͸Ȼʾϵ
طƽʱ꣬һǱʱӶࡣ֮Ǳ৵εĵطγӶࡣʧءصģĺ̫٣Ӷࡣھôܰı
ʦү۾ԽԽˣسĴָѾͷ뷨áкʣǵõõĿء·뵽Ψһİ취أҪƫԳɷݣƫƫּأҪֲũҪĸֲֳС
һΣȻˡλʦү̸ô֡˺ܶѧİ
ҪıĹ죬ǹôľһľеġЧģǷһǷ۲ŵء
ȻΧ۵ˣҲ˹
һѧƵľλʦүĽ̵ֱʦү˵ˣֳȴһƬž
ʦү
Ȼ˷ܵذʦүһ߶ק˵ʵִʱǲѧңνũѧ֮ġˣôᶮôģ


311 

ʦүٺٵЦѹɤɨһۺˣִ˫ݵġʼѧңΪòãźҪӲرƳụ̃º˸ˡʵϲģһЩũҵĻư
Զ˫ϲҪ͵ȻϽקסʦү˼ȺԶ˵㣬ּʡ㣬㣬˵ʵϴԽʱִǶٸ䰡
λүôͲСѽ
ٺ٣ʵͣʮüˡ벻ϵʱ򣬻˴Խ󳱡һ̫
ũԱȻ಻ܿˣҪҪôʱأȱѧ˲ţȴһԽũרҡ̫˷ܣҪܲ˵ġ
ȣѾͷⶮõĶٰԺǣΪҽһרŵĲݡũҵĲݡ
ɣɣҪһݣҪһ׺Ժ䣬㽨ǰΪҰƬظˣҪʲô
Ȼ֣ʦүǸİһߵ˫ϲ˺ǵǣ̲ϲʦү˰ɡʦүǺóԵĲһġҲǿгɾ͵ʱ̲Ż
ʦүϵЦһ࣬ȣѾͷ¶ʱҪ̫˰Ḷ́Ǹ¶۽СΧĿسֲֲˣͿԷĵشƹ㡣Ҳ÷ֺü֡һ·Ͽľкüˡ٣ثĶءҺٳȥߣתתҪʲôҪʲôǾ͵ˡ
Ҫ˵ũҵ¶ʦүǵһ֣ȻҲֻķݶҪɶ͸
˴һĳɷ֣и䷽ȵȶһ˫ϲҲ÷ˣ˳Է
ԷʱʦүһȺӾȻȫŰӳԴӵ⣬ľơһʱҲΪ̾طѾͷһֱԸҵɾͣũҵ棬ЧڣǷſֽŵʱˡ
˫ϲСϴˣȻү̸²ģһʱĽ˵ǣôһ°
̸Ľ밡ƬزǲֳԵȵ죬Ҿͻ֪ƬΪĵءˣѾͷԷ˷һȥģȡһİ
үô£ȻܲˡҲֱӾʹڳԷ
˫ϲԴү˺̾ȫżˡҰܣûٵ֮ġ
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˶죬ȻִѰ·֮ģǼġȹ֮ģҲƽ߻СҪҰ·Ͱµĺܡ
ǰһЩĳ³ӣȻʼָ졣
ʦүĵ죬һϸ˵гȻδĴ·չҲͰڷǰ
󴬣׼Ѽ͵ۡ
ʦүҪذôôһֳصļƻȻһߵؿŹ滮Щס
ѾͷҪôкͲֵܷ
ȻǰѺӵ档ƽ˲ܸõֲֳﰡ
һ㣬ǸҪһѾͷˡǾǱзϰũмţģЩҲðطҿƲʡ
Ȼ֣ʦүҿɲԷϴ߳ʳˣ㻹ǸϽ취ñİɡַϵķҲġŶ֪ˣҪ࣬мѼķ߷ЩأѼظƳ
ǰҪӵģǵҲҪʩʡаľҲù滮ЩӦÿģЩӦÿġˮʧлȫصķӣó
ԽȻԽũҵרأ˼ǿһһ׵ġ
У͵ʽ𣬿ʼȫֳأֳأҲһӾͷչġõģҪе̵Ŀа
ȥۣӵϵҹĵӾ㹻ܵġؼģЩһεˣ͵취ϵҡǲ׬ǮҲǮɡȥ·ѣ˹㹻ͷ۵ġõģȻǱһЩز̼ס̣پˣһЩſѾͷ˵
ʦүҨһֽ㿴һЩֲﻨܣҿ˿ƬذʺϴһЩġԵֲЩܣطɫĻ֮ģŻܻ֧İ
ЩΪ㿪ֲﰡб֮ġԼȥ졣
Ȼһҳ㿴¼źüֲƣտˣӣ̻뻱ʯ轡١ӭ«έҶ÷ҡ̡ľ㡢轡ľȡľȡ㡢桢ϻͩ޻ɡӡ桢¼ءܰءء.
ľУľ֣̻ëӽɣͩ
ûѽػֲôĶҲ˵һǰʱ򣬾Ҳļô
԰طҿ˿ʺֵľˡ˼죬ûһطֲҲ²ⰡøϽ취ӡضûӳۣҲûƹ
ȻһȥҰ
Ŵɲִ
ִҪɶ֮ģɶģֱٶȣϢĶԡǻǮҲһҵ·ӡ
ʦүٺٵЦôİɣ⼸춨Ѿͷ϶ȥһЩֲǱĶ磬ȥʱ򣬾ݷҵһλѡַ㣬ʱȥˣæûҪӡ
ٺ٣ʦүĺáѹ˼һ˵һϰ͵һˡʦүˡɣҾͿʼ滮
һߵ˫ϲչֲƣҲϡ棬̰ĶҺö඼֪ءտʲôӣҲ˵ġ
ʦүͳȻһ㶣Ȼ飬ֲִ֣Ŵвͨİ
ţǳĻӶ֪
һỨӶ˫ϲˡ
ѽֲֶΪʲôЩ˲أӳ㰡
ȻҲ˷ܰ
ȷʵӶ㰡Щ˾Ȼ֣Ҳˣ֪ˣ֮ԲֲΪֵĲ࣬óȥĻ·ѣʷ֮ģ׬Ǯ˵ˣһЩӵģҲпõĶ˵Ҳǽͨġ


312 ĳ

԰֪ôʵʼҲܴܵܲǿЩݵƤͷԭϵũңҾţһҪ취ȡΪǸ״õġû̫룬ֻø˳Ա·ٰܶͺá
û뵽˫ϲʥĸ黳ȻҲûǳҲòϾԺƬƬأ֮
Ѿͷеģ㿴Űɣط϶ġ
ţϣа̺ʦүǿ϶ܽġֻҪڵĵطͻϣ
Ȼ죬ѾͷȻ˵⴩Խ˵оö˰ʵֻǽǰ˵һЩѡ
Ҫ˵ǻɶģ˼Ȿء
ϱ˫ϲһɾֲ
ʦүдٵ֣ʵõɴƹĶҡ
ңЩǳȻٷũң취ֳ͵һʴĶעˡ
Ͼ⿿һôֲ˶Ʒ֡
ǱġտҲǱġʯУԭˡʱˣǱľʲôҲøУУֻصƹһЩᡣҪͶǮʵ̫Щ
˫ϲͼֽϲϵͿͿĨĨûһֲֵҲʮˡ
̣滹лֻɶģ᲻̫˷Ѿ
ЩǱҪֲģԺ˾ͳľɳʧǱҪͶľѡˣôؾˣȹЩҵһˣڼϽ֮Ľ
ǮǮǮǮصȱ٣
ǵһεĳ̵ǮûλҪúǣûʮȫǿջ
Ȼָͷڼ㡣
躮ǣǱġûгУһûȤˡҪеĴһЩţ򣬷ַЩţ֮ģţҲҪӡҪ촬ؿӵҪǮôô
ȥԼʺЩӣôܣ
սױȵսȻ൱ʹࡣ
ޡ
ȻȻû뵽ǣֽͷöĿյܰȻ
Ȼ˦˦ԴٿͷľǸЦŵˡ
㣬㣬㡭
ܰЦǽһİ
ǰһסϸһӣ²ôֺݣ
ȻǸհι㣬㵱ӱˣ㲻ǽĹԱˣ㲻
ֱ꣬ܰӾͶס졣

һ󣬳Ȼ
ʵǰҾԱһҲ֪ġιȥʱ򣬾Ȼ·ϼһᰮ滮˲ţҰ˳й滮ȥû뵽ıһãλ΢˽ãҪǰ㡣ӣΪҪλַѽ
ͬ˵ˣ۽ݣںڣզһѹͲǰλӢܰ
Ȼȴһ̵ܵƲۡ
ӣΪǺܿܵģҲðۿĵɳɡ
ȤȻȥҧɣҧˡ
һǣŷֱ𼸸µ˼֮顣
ȿȡ
ǡʱһ𣬰֮ĻоĻףںӳǽŶԺҪߵȥ
ȻһģѾͷ
ܰЦǸİοȻͳ֣
ȭͷûȴһСȭͷ⻵׻պ屾С㡭
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ܰĥż찡ѾͷȻʶˡ
һߵĳȻȴĿЦѽѽͽӰ㿴㣬㿴㡭žϡ
ǣźشһܰڲڴؽгһ
һɰܰϡӴ
һѱŶҶðȻĳû۵Ѿͷô
һߵľȫɵˡ
ؿǸбԼˣеȷˣˣƺ
СһˣĵΪԼûϳˣأô죿
㰡
ǣСһ˸ա
Ϊܰһ߶ȥϱŮҲʶˣ֪˭ҵĺӡӣߣȥȥ
Ȼûߣɨһľһ죬ίغСָһĵ
СһͲûӣȻϽһߣȥΪɶö
Ǻæ¶Ǹ˵ʱ򣬲ŵ˵ССһʱΪ»Ҳġ
һһҲ˹ǣž֣С㡭
̧ͷܰķǼᶨ˵û£Ǹ˲ҪˣҲҪģһһĺøǡ
ǣԸⰡһһ󣬱Ͻܰķ졣

§ŵŶĵؿһίãĵЦˡڲȻעӺֿܰǣá
ܰе㽩⺢ӣǲ̫һ㡣֪ڶȻҪȥǣáԴο˵İɡ
öӣɵĲ˾͵öŮңôС֪չõţ
ʰѵСһһ٣ŷ¡ͷͲɫؿľ
СһŲأ
һѳȥ߬סŵСԹһֻͺˡ
֪ˡ
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СŮɰһлӲӵ۾㣬ܰӴһ̣Ϳġ
ҼСһѾ
ɰѳȻŵģι˵㲻ôѺŮңס
ܰüҼұЦģ

ЦǽһİСҲܰԴ֣ԵܰסСӡô̼Ϸѽ
ԶŮȻǸ
ҡͷһקţӣȥĳ˵ȥ
ؾȥ鿴Դٵġ
ãӽѵˣȻǸӴ
˫ϲ֪үˣϲˮʹ߳Ȼ̣Ͻ̺үȥ
ںСһŷĳȻͷҲ̧ؾܾҪԼ̺ġ
ϽȥɡŽҲŴߴ١
Ȼ̧ͷϲȵҲһˮġǿŰѾͷһһͰˮ
̣ȥ̺үɣϲȵһ𿴾С㡣
ϲȵҲѧشߴ٣Ȼ⼸ҪԼĻһʱе²̨档ȥ
ϱ·̫Զˣһ¡ǡʱĳٻˡ


313 

Ȼĥϲȵ˫ϲЦ̣Ͻɡ
⼸ѾͷڴߴҲ壬ȥգҵҪء
һҪѳȻӴ
⼸ѾͷһۣаһǾͲҵӴǰɣһϸǵƤ
ѧŻѵӣɫǲһʱ伸ѾͷﲻסЦϲȵСԵ̣͸Ͻȥա
ǰܰʾʾҪȥ⼸ѾͷˣȻû˼ȥˣȥôءǣֺܰҲơ
⼸ѾͷһۣͰˮݡ
ϲȵһȥˣһȥ
ߣҪ
ϲȵСģѵϵĶһ࣬СС㣬Ҫ׷ūˣūžóİ߸Ŷ
Сʤģһˣȶ˳ȥ
źһһνģҲСȸ˳ȥ
һʱžȻˮƿţһˮͰһ˾ͱǽ档
ϱ
ͣȻſͰٲܶܰȴһΪź󱳡
ϱֱ˺öࡣ
ܰ˵Ȼҧ˸һҪҪô޳ܰ
ˣ㣬һȰϣʲôĴۡУǼ̨Ҳ֪ôˣ
ƱˣȻΪ˰ȫ룬ʮְѻ֮˱߽ǡڷžۺ󣬱ܰȥġٹܰҪġ
뿪ʱʮڱ߽һ˵̣ҲһЩغšֻҪˣµġڻǶôһЩôġ
ܰ˵ɣȻȴüɿڷˣֻ²һĺôգ
֪ϱܰεذŤ§ףѽʱϣܱһ㣬Ҳǰ̹ˡ
Ҳ˵ҪֱִŮˣͿˣȻ
ֵܰģõãϱ˵Ҳ˵ôҪҽЩ¶ҪľҪչҵ֮ġûоһôҲ߲ȥġҲֻ֪Ҳһ̽ġҪģǵȴȵǵķ֯ҵٿʼ֡
Ȼеˣ˵ҪƽҪȻǸϹôġ
ҲǳȻŸҰѵʥ֮ΪϹܰʾΣְϱֹ龢
ǣϱ˵ļԵģҪϹȷʵҲС֮澭ֹ̣žǵ̺ͷ˵ӣȫضߵľӡ飬ͱ²ˡҲһֱ⺮ǣżǵһߵġ
Ȼǰû֨ҲףϷܰҪһ˲ųõս
Ͼǽǿñ˴ġ
˲飬ҪģȻܰöӣؼʱãȫĿƿӮ
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ϱչӽ£Ҳû̫ҰģֻҪܰǵĺǽĺãչĺã׵ġ㿴ʲô
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Ȼקסӣֻһĺ֡
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ӣĪǴŴӴԺͿǵǰɣ
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ϮĺȻôءһɿͷӻеĵġͷĵȥɣԱɶĹ
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ܰ˵ţóȫƱôһƱȻ˿ÿŵȻĿǰһǧ
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ܰҧ㿴ǵȴ˵ôҲеڴٰɣ
һΣܰû̹ףȻҲٶʡЩ¶˲Ը˵Ҳˡ
вǰ̶ӻãΪ󣬿ȫˡ
ǰеļҲȫԼˡ
һʱȻĸж˰еļҲ㣬ζʲôⲻԶ
Ҫ֪ЩǮƣִ˵ܰĻǰ˲ƲáڣΪǵͶʣ޷˵ؾȫ˳ӴҪô
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һֱǳȻ汼ʱࡣܰǰ;̣Ҳôӡ
ôֻҪһĶԼǱԼʵԲһЩΣʺԼģõġ֪ԼӦôҪôһĶ㹻ˣ̫Ҫйһ㣬Ȼĺס
ģһ躮ǵδָɾ죬˫ϲСӣ˶ˡ
ܰĵζŸԱ
һȻ½һ̶ӡ
һܰǰ͸ɹҪҲ˳ֶˡ
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Աѡһı
༼˲ŵȵȡ
סںҲЩͷķһңӳȻ󣬱һֱڹ״̬С
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û뵽ǸŽĸˣȻ治ˡڸ˲ٵˣ㿴⺮ǽڽ裬ڽᡣ½ᣬȻҲҪӽѽүӸ̾Ҷ̡
̫Ҳ겻ѡ
ǿɲôҸտʼ˵Ҫ滮躮ʱһӦɢĵġû찡϶뿪ġ룬˼Ĵһֵĺҵġ


314 δ

ǺԺҪչĺˣҲȢϱأٺ١ھǹ̶¡ӳ컹佱ˣ˵ĲǱֵٺһ㣬Ժ󻹻Ϊʲôġٺ٣ҲĲҲжٵѽЩǮɻĺöƣҲĽĽ
ҵСӷٺٵسŷ
ڿϵĸϡַʳЦɲôλһҪĵǳǽˡ۳ôǣСӿɵúúĵȥɡй滮ѽϱ϶ġ
Ƿİɣһ˼ֻۺǽĺáٺ٣λ´ĵؽ裬ǲϺȵġҶ
γȻҲ뵽ǵϰжôĿܹ滮
ʼֻΧ۵ˣڿǴģؿʼשʯͷ滮ǰ֮ĺһˡ
λģİǺϣˡ
彨ԽԽ࣬ǵϰյҲԽȺˡڽᣬ֮ʱ򣬳ȻҲһʵǺܶ壬Ա
һһŪֳЩ˵ı»о֮ģ϶
˫ϲʮӣǵĲɹԱͻ˰ɡڵᣬм̫֮ˡҾðɣǵĹ滮øıһ¡һһҵȥŪǵһһ˼ģǾǰֳ
гӺһģǾֻΪǴ彨һҰݶһЩģҵģԼɽйǷֳֹǵöСֳֻǴũҵһҵҪģǵЩ˼ȥֵءһֳ㹻ķϺ󣬴ĵؾͿԵõơֻҪչģԺÿֻҪƹ֮ĳķ϶ˣ԰ѺܶĵضƹũҵũҵҵԺǵĺǣҲȫЩѽ
߶꣬ȻЩƼ򵥣ҪʵʩǼѵġ
һ򣬲е˶ĵġ
Ϊ֮һ֡
ܶҲֻעʵ
ڳԶ棬ǿ١Ժŵ˵ںǣʵв˽ĴڡҪЩҲֻſľ
йЩ֮ģȻҲɳϲȵϴϴļ簤ݽ
ȻЧЧ΢
ϾЩҪԷҪջҪ֮ġΪ˳ȻòҪôܽЩ˲ſ¶
Ҫ˵ִʲôǵȻ֮Ľշ⡣ɹؼǹŴŴҪ֮ģһĹܵһ¯ߡ
һĲãرը֮ģɲġ
ũҵˮʧص鲻ɴ
͵øһ֮
ܰĵĽ裬ܰ͸еĹ滮֮ġ
ΪǳҪ滮֮ҵģ⵹Ҳðġ
ǵԱȫڽŽ赱СҹˣҲڵ֪Լ罨˻
ܰҲǣĹǮ֮ģ١Լļ罨裬ĹǮĻںǵİ˵϶Ǻµġ
ԱʲôģȻҲţôǿõġ
ҵĺܳʵҲġ
Ϊҵڵ֪ǽ󣬾͵һʱ˻
˺ʵȴ˼ҵġΪںлɺ󣬻һʱһҵĺڼչĸӼ
ڼȻˡҪģڹɻƺɾ졣
ϱһˡ
˵ҵĸϽһЩӭȥҵģϽϴ°ѡΪ
˺ٺٵЦŴ˹Ӷûĵϱһϱ
ȥȥһˣûġɶ˵¶
ÿ˻˵ϵķչ״ԼһЩ¶һÿļȤ
ֿʼһСԺˡϱ㲻֪ǳͼֽɸ߼ˡЩͼֽٽԺӣб֮ģһ㶼ǲ֪⽨Ժ䣬ˮ֮ģ滮ĿɺˡϽµĵػǺǾ˵һٶʮһԺˡ߽ȥͬԺ䣬ҲӵһװϧڵҪڳðһԺ䣬ôҲܡ
ðԺӵ¶ڿɲȥ밡Ժ˵ءڼ￴СˡһͷͷƤë⻬ŻԺܣſϲˡʹҲ˵ˣֻҪĵˣЩԺ϶ƳɸָĶ۳ȥʱǾ͵ŷѽʵҲŷǵ÷ֶӡһļģһһܳԵıܴһ·ɶģǾ֪ѽ
ɲôϱҸų³ǣֻ춼ͷǲ֪ţҲˡ֪ڹ̶õĹǮ⼸СĽĲˡԹң˵̫֪һʱܻˡΪϱɸ㣬³ʹİʹҲ˵ˣ˵˲׼ҵһСӵĶӳٺ٣ϱٵͷû뵽Ҳܵٺ١
ġҵţʵҲЦˡ
ӳð
ǰӲ˵ӵ˵ԼǸ͵ġܱʹİʹ쿴ãҲ˵˸ɻ̤ʵ档Ҫһ㣬ԺĹǮҲͨĽԱһ㡣Ƕһ㣬Ҳһⲻǣ
ٵ⣬ŶΪã˫ϲҲΪǴСءҿĴͷˣԺøЩҪǵҵĺһĿţԺǼ˵ҲΪĶˣĶˣڳﹺһԺӡǵĽ裬ҲһͿԽġ
û뵽ԼϱҲˣһѱմմϲŮˡѽϱ̫ˡû뵽һ𵱹أٺ٣ãðˣϱϻЩѲɾҪԣ
ŵϵһѵҶ֮ģ˱ʾܲ⡣
ڻСءԺǳˣ϶Ҫٵ֮ġⲻæٶŪһЩŻʵĶôðЩӵһȦӶȥֳˣԺļгԵġ˵˵ʹǣһôɰ¶һһġⷢչ뷨ͱǰһֻĸǿ̫ˡ
ٺ٣Ҫ˼ôǳʹġ۰ǵָ£ѻɺ˾ͳ
δֻȫʹľǵϵʱͬҲź޶ڸɻ


315 ǻ

ͷӰЩ㿴ˣеѽ
ӿŵļɫͬǰղͬı˷ϵĵء
ҸомһӦʵġһʹ񽻸ͷңôҲΪʹĥˡͷϵˣԺƬĿֲٵﰡ
˵Ժ󣬾ڣĿЩȥģҲ⾫̫ࡣǰ;ǻһһġڿɲһˣҾãֻҪظɻԺ϶кǰġ
ӣô˻ǰȷʵΪǰðǲճǮһˡ
ȻżвϺȵ鷢ɳȻȴò̾Ǻж飬ʵкܶܶࡣ
Щһˣж
ΪũǵֲҪḻĶ࣬ʦүʱҲࡣ
ÿ磬ũǽӴӶࡣ
Щ˵Ҫƺǵ죬ҪֲֵȻһҲҪġ
ÿ磬ôЩĿ
ȻЩ˼ҺÿȥļһЩѼ֮ɱ
ЩڳȻ˵ʲôЩСũ֮ңȴɿڣҲϵ̨ʳ
ʼʱ򣬳ȻҲһЩǮȻǣüǮȴЩдǵ첱Ӵֵġ
ǿǣǰ
Ȼ˵Ȼĺʹ
Ҳʶһ㣬ЩǵˣİǵĿ˿ǵϣ
üģϵ̨ʳдǶߵĿǻûȴһƬ˵ġ
С飬źСڳȻ˵ȴ¶˾ģЩһá
һȻֺ˫ϲϲȵϴ弸ֵȥ
Ҫ˵ϴ⼸ֵܣԭֻǰæġ
ȴʹ졣
⼸ֵܣáҪģڱķҲŸóķ档
ϴҲϲһ졣СӳҲһ£еòٵĴСϱΧǵġ
ҲãҪɶ¶֮ģеġ֮񾢶ݽʾ֮ĻϴǵӦֵġ
ϴΪȣȵԱ̵ô輦ᣬ֮ġ
ϴȻóҽСÿ綼뼸Զҽļλũһôμ֮ġ
ڼ֮ķϣȻǼΪصġ
ֳִٵֳҩߴġʩ֮Ҳļõ
Ƭƹ֮أҲЩзʩ
Ͼһ٣ζȥǮ֮Ķղ
ŴˮƽҲô࣬Ȼƾǲ֪㣬Աźϴϴ˵ˣǾȥҰⲶ׽ЩҰҰ֮Ļӽ
ֻһһĸƷ֣ʺ滷ģʺõЩһǣֳſԵõķչ
ϴϴóԵֵͳɽ׽Ĵڡ
Ҫ˵԰ɣҪǺðġҰٸŷȻѶȣҲ̫ѡ
Ҫ׽ɾеѰˡ
ǣ浽壬Ұе·֮Ļֵݷ˲ٵĻĿǰΪֹҲֻǲ׽˲ʮͷҰ
ҰҰ֮ģϴļܲ׽ģҲΪ׽
һȻʦү£׼ȥŷµĸֲ
壬
ԶԶسȻк
ﲢûӦҲŵġʦүǺǵЦţýˣͷ϶Ƭֲؿءͷӣػľ󰡡
һߵ˫ϲЦŽӻɲôүӽ󣬿ɰǲ֪⼸ֻƬתơƬֵĶҲòųԣ֮ģѿа
ǺǣЩǣİصԼ֮ذĹܵõĸƣ˵ҲǼõѽȻиŴ˴ǰС
ڵɽǼˡ
Ȼɹ˲٣⾫˺ܶࡣ
ɽĻĲݻأٵĵطȴӡ
˵һ㻹öŵǸ̰Եͷӡ
ϣ
ϣȻ²Ǹ򵥵
һͨʦүָ㣬ǰȥǵʱ֪ԭ˼ҾȻһλļͥԱ
ϱˣҲһλˡ
ôһλȻ¶СϣΪ˳ȻҲò̾ҷ۵˻治һ
ϾܰûʲôȴϳΪĪ֮Ҳ˵ܰĸ
ܹϣȻҵֲϽǣߴţ˴ӡ
˺ǵ˿ʼֲӵĳ
ǵһ꣬ûʧǣЩҳƻͦá
ܶһ֮ĻǼõġԺ͵ΪӷˡҲǹȡرģǰҲҪǻġ
ʦүɽ̣ҲЩ̾ڶ̣ջļڣٵһ£ᵽˡ
һӳˣһƬİվͲӣҲǸöֶҲ԰˫ϲ취ĳʳٺ٣һпġ
˫ϲƲ쿹飬̣Ϲ˵˰ɡǼļλòáǼһżλСӣǷ˲ٵʳԷӣλǳʳͷ
һᵽ㣬Ȼ۵ľˡ
ǣǿһһճžġ
˭룬˺Ǻһгʳ⡣
Ů˱㿪ʼֵ취ʳʳ
ΪִˣʶĶ࣬ĳʳҲ١
ŴһЩʳһЩ򵥵ʳҲܱٵĳʳ
ΪˣһȻǵһʱ䣬ںҪܰΪһľ¥
ȻƤǲٸȻǮġ
ǽĹǮ㻹Ҫġ
Ů˾ھ¥棬û¾ĥʵĳʳ
żдĸͲϵĿ˺󣬻ǻչҶ¥ġ
һȥģڵľ¥ȻҲ˲١
¥Ҳȡĺáһҡ
ãȷʵǶһҾ¥һš
Ȼżе⣬ӯ̫磬ɾҲĽζġӸǷںԺţޣӪһ¾¥⣬ҲһֱҪġ
С˰ڿǳ˲ٰ
ôĵطҲܲסԻԵ˶ڿǷһȦӡ


316 ɹ

СһȦӡΪ˳ȻһδȤһأʼ㻹ںһ¡ŮҲˡ
иҲżˣҲָ˭׷ңôĶð⣬Ҽһһŵʱ򣬻ϲĲء㣬һҵޣĸüͷ
⻰ȻʾҲˡ
Եĸϲ㱧һ㡣û취ϵ٣źӿˡһϲ§űţŵĸоð
ףͷǱ߶أǺǣվӣ͸һվڵڱһ
ԶԶأʦү㿴ǸվڷеˡʱһӣֻҪȸˣӶߺһ
һһȺ˵ҲǸ˵ش
ʦү·ˡ
ͷӴľƣ
ʦүЦǺǵذһƵݵʦүЦŽӹǸ˾ǺӶˡ
ʦүҺã֪ҵˡ
ȻŵݵǰһţͰõãҲгʳ˵ֻʦү㣬ҲǶĹ
ĸǿˣǣǣܷ˸ǹذСϰհܵõ˵¾ƲˣҲͷӲе
һ㣬û˵ٻϾ֪ģһĳйԱ֮ģǼڼӵġ
Ȼƽ׽˵ĳˣǾԲеġ
˵˵ദ¼Ĺϵ˵Ѽദǳദ
ͷŵĸɰţ⣬мǱµĵģֻ֮ġ
ǳȥٵλ̵ĳʳɣٺ٣˵λĳʳǺó԰˵ͬǻҲǳżųһ¾͵ˡ˼ȴζһɣ˵ķرóԵζ档
ȻʦүһЦͷ˵̣Ȼ˵˶
ΪλóԣΪƵִ־ƹš
ȻҪִζľƹҲ׵¶˺üغ⻨ζҲˡ
ֻ±ĵط˲֮ĻȻ͸ڣš
ͷӰɱΪǹġͷҸ㰡Ѿͷһ㻨˼ҵĲϷѲƼǮء
ôҲһĻţȷʵͦġ
Ǻǣˣˣ۱˵ʳɲһƬĲ˺ֵĲȻҲųˣ°ǿԳʵˡ
ǳȻĵһεĲ˺ʳӵƷֶ֡ըԣųԡǿԵʳá
ںǻʳأҪ̫˵±̣Ȼ͵һЩʵЧƷ֡˼֮ĵһεƷ֡
ֶ˶ԡ
ɲôǰʱҲгԹֶⶫζĺð㣬óԣӡ
˫ϲͷôһ˵ЩɣͷôؿƬض᲻ΪǰζûԹһֱܾĵػŵġ
ͷ˫ϲôһţɫˡѵرߵĲݰ˰Σȣ갡һûôԹÿһͦءٺ١
Լ뷨ͷ֪ˣ˫ϲҲ˼ˡɬЦŴȤʳһжȿȡ
ͷһЦʦүͳȻһȥٿƣҲ߹ȥ顣
ȻСڿһĸ׳ʵĽϽϣʦүأⶫǿԴƹ㡣
ɣеĵطʺֲеҲʺϵġĵطôЩطԻǲһġͬɫʱԲһֲҲ᲻һġ
йһ㣬Ҳǵóľ̸֮ʦүڵҲࡣ
ܲٵĵطȥǸʺЩʲôɳȻȥƹ֡
Ϊʦүọ̈̄Ȼ˫ϲ˶ϾҪ˽Щطԣٻȥֲ֮¶ʦүȥ
ͷ˻˱һվ
ʦүϴһȥһսҺ˫ϲȥֳܴ
ʱ䱦󣬳ȻһֱͬʦүԺܶʱϴֵ顣һǱ֮𣬶ҲԵһԱ
ȥաʦү֣Ųæؾͺϴһս
Ȼ˫ϲһ·в˿˶Цӯӯкš
ܷˣϲѾͷ
ɫֳˣϻصҩЧ
ɲܷ˵ĸô
үӹǿսӲء
ѽǳ˺ϲѾͷȿˮȥ

һ·кνﲻġ
ֳܴ
ܴҵһ˵Ͻϲ˲Цӭ̣ϲɰء
ЩҲϤ˵ģֻǼ򵥵
ߣȥǡ
²ǰΪ˼ɹģȻû˼ྡ
ܴҵĸϽӦ󣬱ǰ·
ܴһ̫Ĵ䡣ʮˣҲͰˡ
ʼȻ˫ϲʱׯνĿ¡
Ϊǿڲ˻˴˺ǵҲ壬èѼҲв١
һ·￲ϵЩׯ˼æųݣȻֻ൱㡣Ҫ֪ǰʱɽ˿ǶǿݲҲݾӶడ
ڴı仯˿Ȼ̾һ䡣
ܼҵȴǸмؿһۣһлȫǳָĺðҪôļǸɣԱ߸ԣ·Ǵڿûôʱ򡣡
һȻҲ˽һ㡣
Ҫǰ϶ɵġ˭ǳء⺮ԺĽҪˣԺȥʳȥ
ǺǵĳֻˣҲһġҸˣҲй޸СǳԷůˣҲﲻġõء
һܴ̾ҵĿЦɿųȻȴӵ
ôŮˣûһô˶
һһȺ˱˳
ܴΪֻһˣԳȻֻɽһֹӿԱЩڴȻҪִļ¾ܳġ
ЩôҲһܳһΪҪʳĲ١ûϣû̫ʳǡ
õģȫɽһЩҰ֮ġ
Ȼ˵㣬ǿԵΪֹҲû̫⡣ڴˣɻ˺󣬾ͻᵽЩܷǲ֪ȫˣڿЩǣҲ࣬ǳֻҪ˷֮ģǵϾͻЦݡ
ԱߣмšϵЦݣôһ¶


317 ѧʴ

ǸղһͷС˱㣬һλ˷úӡЦǽһİ
Ҳ֪ЩΪ˸ǵسɷݵģĿǰҲûҪǵ⡣ֻǰǵ˱ƵšЩ㣬ÿ춼ᱻٷŵȥǴĵأַ̾͵ĵطҲвʮĶˡ
֣ȻǼΪ˵ġҪ֪Ҳżµʱ䣬ܸƼʮĶҲǲˡ
ţͿһЩҪֲˡӡȵջˣҲιЩ̰ԵļһǡͷҲͷ겻ǡ᲻ãЩһǣΪ˸š
ܼҵСӣ̣ǲ֪ҪɱЩǣ᲻ðЩһôãҲΪǳ׼ĺǺǡ
Ȼ˿ֻܴʮͷһһֻҰҲ
û취ֳģǵڵʳ֮ĹӦȫǿһЩҰݣҰ֮ɳ
õִһЩʽǲʳǰʳι
ȻҪݣȴɽϵҰϹ
ֹϴϲָֹӿɳ䵱ǵõġ
֮ǰǲֹ֪ΪûƤȥֹһƤǲȥΪһԵĶһֱܴ˶֪ӻд÷
ϴ˵˴˹ô󣬳Ȼʵؿ佱һء
ϾֹںǵĲٵĴﶼΪĹʳȱڡ
Щӳ䵱ǵҲĻպϡǲ֪Ǵˣÿ춼ϲһأΪ˿Щǵζ
Ȼˣܴˣô˵ĶȤζò˵ˣ˵Ĵ˵ζֻ˵͵ζ˰ɡ
ܴģһȥһҪȥǽϴһׯҲǳȻͶԶһЩһС塣
СΪźӵҲһЩء
֮ǰ´ʱһ͵ģزԶ㽨˼ᡣᣬ򱻷ֽ˱ĵط
ǲͳһͼὨһֻΪƸ¸հֽһһη˼þʹȾǡ
˾֮󣬳ȻҲҰֶĵطһҲǴʹеóĳصľ顣
ΪƬطСҲвٵ֮ġǷٵʱСʱͿӺӰӭ衣
ԶԶȥԷһȺڷһ
ӷһļζ˱ǶȻеźôķ羰ŵζǿɾʮȫʮѽ
˫ϲȴ۵ֳָһ²ԶļλѼӵˣ̰ˣ֮ǰСܴ忴һģǶϲֵζءŵǣĸ𼦳ĽҵλҪζŻ˯š
ۣӴôˣզĻëȻֵġ
̰ǰϣûˣԶζϣƵġ˵˰̫ϧڵҸˡ
һ㣬ȷʵˡȻĿǰЧΪбĵ֮ĻЩȷʵǿϣġ
룬ҵȥ۵ĵһεĵӦܻˡ
Щܶ඼ʼڲˡЩȻռɴ˺ӱߣͳһ˴ȥ
ΪǵһҲϵ׬ǮˣԴ˴γܰԴӳеġ
еĴʵһĲֻǮǺ¶ʵȻҲͦġϾһγĵͦġ
ʱִһӳ̫г۸ġεĳۣҪ۸⡣
ǺǵĵһγۣãĵĴǺصġ
̣ҷİɣǼүܸɵˡ϶ѵõġ
һ㣬ȻֻɬЦˡʵô뷨ˣҪ֪ܰȥʮˡ
˵ȥ۵¶·졣ټڣҲʮܻˡ
ǳʮ죬ҲӰ̫
Űɣ˾ǵļ۸һЩҵҲġ
ĶֻҪҺ˾Ƶ֮ģ۵ġϵϼң۲١һʱģȥô֮İ
˵ˣ֮ǣҲ˵ĳǡ
Ҫٺ˵㣬Ҫȥ֮ļóǣóǣؿʮ·̡·̡ǹˡ
ڹŴ⽻֮ͨģȻҲΡܲǰС´壬Ҫһë·ġǹŴ·Զˣ·ÿɽ֮ġ
Ը˳һɡ̾һȻߵĵط
ҵĻæŸأЩţÿҪԵͦġ
ڵĴǶ˳ȻֳķⶫҲǿӦϡ
ԶԶؿȻˣҵĸϽ¿ӭ
̣ϲǽأûоͦ׼ġ
ôĸյĶ಻
ˣʮֻҲء̣ǰǼҲһֻҪߣɹѵġһֻǳе¶ļȻԶھͲһֻġͷҲ̫Сٺ٣ȥ⼦ûԡ
ҵһᵽ⼦¶ƵġЩӵĴΪ¸Ϊ˰ƴƴ˵ġ
ţ˵ǵɢķʽȷġԺĹģһˣЩͿԷȦɢ
ΪҪĶԱ
֪أڴڹ滮ţɶʱܰһЩ˶ҲҪûôҰݡ
Ϊؿֲʳõ̫٣ܳԵĶҲ١
йʳȻҲڴʱ˲ٵŻš
ֻҪ˶죬ЩŻİõģǸɹɵݶá
ǹǳԸɵģôһԳ⣬ҲǸǺ¶
ôţҲóһЩʵĲСԱҪҵڶֲĴ߲֮ġ
Ȼ֪ģֲִһЩƤ֮ĵá
أ
ĶǸġҲôʺĲˣܶʱ˶춼ǳȥһɵľӶࡣ±Ƕ죬ʱЩǾ͵öȥ
ֳģˣǶĳʳ⣬Ȼʱȴû뵽뵽ˣҲһʱҲûа취
ʳҪڻ£ӦûļԸһܰҵ֮
ʵܰһγУһҪ񣬾ȥһЩƼ򵥵ֲ


318 ܹ

˺ܳԵģֱʺ϶ֲ״Ū֡
үǻˡûСӵȵ
̧ܰͷȥֻﻹʣһЩüššҲûꣿ
Сӹ๾ع˼ˮүǽ찴˵˲ٵĴ֮ҡЩ²ٵĺôɻû갡ⶼʮˣȥôˣ
еԽ󼸸ҲЩɥҪ֪ǵһγۻ
ԭǱźģֹۡ
СӰѶ£үһȥߡ
СӸϽĨźˮ߰ɣүȥ
ǼӦóԾͳԣҲ𹼸Լõҵ׼ŻʳæһˣҲˡ
Խ󼸸һĻǸжġʲôʱǹЩ˵ġΪƽͷСϰգΪĳ˷ֻǱˬ졣
ȵСӺܰܰ㰤һЩõľ¥ȥ
Ҫ˵ⴺǲ̫࣬ҲȰŽǱ߿ͷĵطһЩ
ŽȻֻһͷԵʣģҲвٵӾס˿˵ǰŽҲˡ
ⴺǣֲ㣬̶˿ҲڶġĵطҲӦߡҪģҲǽżҪɵ
ģ֮ģǲ١
ݺύļҪܰü΢΢š
үֻǳļ۵Եʡ
Ҳ̸һӣⴺǣҲ÷չһԼаҪԺЩ֮һ鰡
⵹ҲǰǣһʱģȥܸŴڻĵ̰ǰиԺӵġҲúķѲٵǮءڻûǮֵͶʰ
Сķǰһ˵ˣֻɶҲˣڿɺã⾭ˡ
ֺŷ֣Ľ˼ҵ˵׬Ǯʵֻ˼ܵһ档
ܶʱ㻹˯ʱ˼Ҷʼǳ֮ġ
ǰ죬˺۵
ڣ˱˹µģǮ˲٣ңүΪںǽһ׷ӡ
СڵҲзвҵĴڡ۰ۡڵģǳʵҲϲսġ
żʱ򣬻Ǿúۺ۵ġ
СӣүھǴһȥ̸ߴϵһԺġ
ָָ·ڵķǶм׹ӣ̫ڡ
СӴһ£үطǲǰϵż̵ҪԽǱĮǶǱؾ֮ءĵطҲǺΣյĴڡûмӰţĵطҲױٵġ
ţСӰЩĳɳҲǼΪġԺ󣬻ĿΪǺǵܹˡ
С۾һүҪСġ
߶ͶҲҵ£ǵһȺܸ֮ʿܸɵˣ治˫ϲ׵ʱүصؽһݺ񡣡
һᵽ˫ϲСֵġٺ٣ү֪Һ˫ϲ¶黹үģ˼ҺΪġ
С˵˵ŻŤɰܰĵġ
бһۣҪȢ˫ϲƺҲ̫׵¶֪һλˣҪɵ⺮µġ˵⸣ҲǣھǱ߶ˣôͻŵɵŷչĺأа֪ģǵĺüλĴС㣬Ҳ࿴˸µģȻΪ氡
ܰÿ˵һ䣬Сӵɫѿһ֡
Ҫ֪˫ϲ¶ˡ
ҪǸ۽̫ߣ˫ϲҲ˴̼ܵĺ֮ءһǽʱ⡣
Ȼþò˫ϲḣ¶Ů˵ʼĳ϶ġ⸣ͷ˫ϲ
Խ룬СӵľԽĽơ
үɲܴӦøأˣҼ˫ϲ᲻ģǶ˵
̯֣ܰСӰү㣬¶ԤһʱҲܷһɡү˵ˣҪģǵø㶨˫ϲҪһñȸгϢСҪ˫ϲ᲻䵽ϣ¶治˵
СҧȴţҪһμȥ˫ϲˡǣ˫ϲ˵ˣҪȵǽٳװвУ³ڰ·һ¶ܷ˫ϲĽгɲȢס
ү˵ģƺҪҵĸɹܴܸ󰡡ôһ룬СӵĶ־͸ӵİ
үͷİɣһеġߣǹطôڲ·ĵؽô⻹򵥰һǽʮǰǵһЩװãһЩүЩعһը˵Ķǲ۵ţۺϼȥ
ƦĻֱܰҡͷˡʵ·ǿԹһԱƱǰ취ҪģǵһƬ̼ҶŶ󻹵ϴϴһطǼĻҲ·ӵ𲽡
ʵֻҪĴˣںܶؾĵطԼС
ܰõĻԼеơ
ڳȻڸ˫һơ
ʼʱܰĻԼǵ⡣ڣȴǳȻ˫ԽԽ֪
˫ǺͻԼеţŲ̼һǻϵġϾţɢӪĺá·ôˣֻһЩزһҲ١
үǾͽȥѺԼǩ˰ɡԺֻҪ̿ҵԺͱǵ¡
Сӱ̼Ĳˣܰع˹
ţԺͿģ߰ɣǩԼȥ
ʱ˻ﴧһֽԼ˳
ȻȥøĻԼĻ϶С
ǰһᣬܰͦġ
үһƬյҲԺסɣ
ʵڲ̫ĵطܰõʱ򣬾ͰѽһĻҲ
СӰ㿴ĵؽ绹ɡҸ˵ĵؽ϶ˮǴߵġ͵㣬˵ˣԺǵ˳ˣҲסĲǣ
ãү㲻Ժ滮һҿջɡ
ΪβɣƬôҪһҿջн̶ӣ⻹ܳ£
СӲˣүĸԶء
ڵĵطǱһҴĿջǳͦڴġ
Ѵǵİ´㶨ˣȻǼ۵顣
ܰͷ˿˲һļһֱôš
Ҫ֪Ҳиڡ


319 ƽҸ

⼸첻۵Щױʣʱ˻Ժ⵰ۻĸεġ
취
ߣҲʱʳˡ߽ܰһҿͨ⼫õĵ̡
һˣһ㲻̫ĲˡҲϰԵɨһ۱ϵĲˣ˾С
СҲ֪˵İãϵĶ˶֣ɡ
ȵȡǣܰȴͣõġ
͹٣㻹ɶԸ˵ƺڴĿһӣֻҪ̺ĺãЩ˵ǴС
ʲôôǼһأ
ܰһָԶĲһˣһһģˮһŵƣűཷһͣŵҲͦĿġ
Ŷ͹ٰǵ²ʽǽˮƹĴһƷ֣ҪҲһ̡
Сӿһνˮһ̧ͷܰү⻹ն
ǣôŪİ
Ҳĵһգ
ܰȴֱӰ֣ˣǾ⼸ˡֲˣڼϱԡֻû뵽նԶһʡ
Сˡ
үȻ˵Ķô֪
Сһһ㲻мһ˵λү󻰿ɾʹ̫˰ɣⴺǻû˻ֶȥһ£ҪҼүȥ̽ףĺöǻûг۵أ
С£үˡóϰٸˮҲóġܰ⻰һСеˣ飬үļ
һ˼ӦһУүô찡
СôǣҲʱӵĺȵġҲǹԹԵվһ߶ܰôչһ
ôˣôˣʱԶк˵ƹ˹ƹĳͣܰϵʱһ֮ǰĲͣرȭһҾ֪λ˵ˮ飿滹Ǽ٣棬С϶ҿԹ
ܰһͷ΢֣˵꣬ͺһ˫۾Ǿһǽ̳Ϻһ
˾Ҳô򽻵ô
ܰף˵ˮԲġңҼˮкüƷ֡ƹĲ⣬һⴺǵʱԻӴڣƹļʶһҼҵˮ
ƹ۾ԽˣɲΪŴ磬̸²׵ĹӻԼৡһҾãֻҪˮã۸Ǻ
̸⣬ܰСһԷ
ԷḶ́СӶʱʱɨһܰ浣λǴţİǼвٵĵҲھܰѵ˼˵ˮ˰ɡ
СҲǲܵүġһٷСӳԵĿνĲɵģүһСľͿ˵ˡ
ò׵ȵһٷ꣬СӳȲʡүˮǴûԹôүͱһѵأүҪòԺٷλƹģǻô
ܰбɨһôӣ
ңܲŰҾǾãⲻ˵ôˮҿҲҲǽŷģԭˮ
ү˵˻оͻеġ߰ɣϽȥѵˡŽȥ۵ģкϢˡ
˵ȵܰһ˵ջʱкϢ
үүǵĵȫһˣö˵ȥ˵ǵĵζ۸ҲԺö֮嶼вɹءҪģкӣ˼Ҫϲ£ҵĵһӾˡ
Сһ͵ͷܰүƳģ
ү᲻δ֪Ҫô·Ͼ˵Ἣõġ
ǣˡܰһӣүֻǲ²ģǼҵĵвáˣֵǲɹԼ׼ˡ
ȥʱΣ·ֻҪ㵽ˡ
ԶԶģӾͿվڰߵŮǣһ໵غС
ߵĺҲţҵˡ
ǵĵ
ǵҪĴǵв˺ٺ١
ŶҲŶҲҿԳԵඡ
ҸЦţŰȺܵĺǣЦĿĵĸǡǵļңĵط
Ȼȴϲ
ǻˣˡ
ܰкӵ§Լҵĺӣеڨڨӡôҵĺûϱأ
ͻȻое㲻ԲôأõѸϢܳź;СȾ˹
Ŷ
СԶôһôĽĸζӴĳˮ
ټǰһѾСóԵˡ
ˡϧԼףСһߵţЦվһ߶
֣ܰǰ
ȻСû˵ʲôһ˫ںڵ۾ȴ͸ĹʡҲǺܸ˵ġǵˣͲĥţеڼңҲôۡ
Ҫ֪ܰˣԼ͵õ˽ŵС˼ֻ»ƵѪġΪΪ⵱ء
һһұӣܰҲĻš§ŲһһҵؽţģǸоôһԵÿ˵
һ濴˺öġĽζˣ߲ؾͣڲԶŮϡ
Ǹ߳Ůˣһɫװͨķ˫貶Ŀ۾ȫɢŵĹʣȴƲߡ
ֹͣ˽Ҳſȥ㿴˴ԶĳȻ
Сһ߶ڳȻϣõЦ§ܰĲ׺Ư
ýһôƯסؼģ׻ôܸɡڵСѾûΪ׶Ľء

һ˽ˮŮеģķεζ˿˿Ƶ˼ڸŵСѶϣܰЦš
ˡ
кźӹɨһˣһЦûеһʱôΡ
˵ֻб˴ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ܰһ˵ֵ
ǰôһЩҰġڣһҲЩҰжá෴ģܰƽҸҪġ
ؼҵʱһԶŮ۵ӭ㡣
㱧źǽ˼Ļ㻳εʱϱҲȵӭ㡭


320 ͷ۵

Ϊһˣӡ
ܰ˵סڳ˼˳
ȻǰһȺڴˣѯܰô
ʵȻҲٱʲô뷨ˡϾһܰ˳ȥʱ̫ã治ڴһεжá
ֻܰġ
̧ͷΧŵȺ֣˿һ

˰Ѱһ˵߾ҲŲˡ
ôǮҿһǮء
Ưɫôӣңҡ
ʵɢӻ治ôࡣ
ЩǮҲв١ΪЩͭһڵϣž;кôһѡ
Ӿڳ˶Ŀɿڴ
Ȼ治ȻһȺ̹˵ˡ˫ϲôǮҲֻ΢ľһ¡Ҳû̫𶯣Ͼ˾Ĳ١
ںǵϰ˵ɲһˡ˵һҲٻῴôǮ
λǺǵһǮ࣬Ҳϣ˲ǣ
ܰһֵ³ȴڳ˶ˡ
̧ͷԼͬؾָߺϣˣϣˡ
ٵʱĨᣬ֮꣬˺ǵϣҲˣδ
˵͸Ȼ¹򣬡ˣһУİǺнľ棬ȫ
ȻЦˣЩ˷λֻһƪǺǻԽԽõġ
˶Ȼ̧֣λЩǮʱֻǷһֵȥϾǺҪ裬Ҫ̫Ǯֻܷڸǡ
ûģ
վȺĴ˻ؼʱ˵¶
ʵһӶҲǿеġϾеޣммָȫǳġȴˣٵ÷ʮ֮ȥĳ˰
ɲôǺϣѽܴΪϰĳˣȥҡģǾľذĻɺãҪ̫Բסˡ
ţҲͣȡһķǮ
ķӣȻһëεؾͷָЩϰסҪһӰ޽õķԺ۵ҲǼѵġ
ִķڸĲԡǿȽֵǮҸǰһֽ֤ڹ涨ڣЩǮˣԵǹ滮ȥȡ
ʼԥġҲ۹ⳤԶ˿˺ǵķչͷȷڸЩķӡ
򸾾һˡڵڳڸһҴԺӣԺӣһǽζ׬Ǯ
۹ⳤԶķǸɾ졣
ֻΪһЩǮ壬ܰԺӳ׵õ
ļͥвٵˡ
ǵĽڳ߹ģ󣬳Ȼ֮ǰƻĺʯչлչԼɫ֮·ΣҲʱʼˡ
ȻһĿȻͨǵϵĹϵٴͨĹؽڣһЩǵɫʯ֮ȥЩȦӵĹע·ĿҲʹչ
˺ٰɲУһ˵һ˵ĵضʲôأһΣ羰֮ģƬطؾӶ࣬Ҫ˵ò֮ģ治Ҫ˵ʯôţСгʳεܵģǵصĳʳںҪôܴöأ
һ۰
ҪϰճԱùǮҪȥ֪кĵط
Ҫģʣ
ͷ۵¶һڣһܸɵˡ
λһγȥۼ鶳ô˳ֳĵһȥ۵ʱ衣һͻȻӿ̫Ļ˼ҵسԲôһ۸ԵĳԿˡڣǵ취ѵۣԺۣ
ܰڻ󣬱ѸǸСĳԱټδƻ
ֺ˶۵顣۵ʱ򻷽ڲãǰֲͳ˴⡣
Ϊڶ̣µٵһ˳ȥʱϲе鰡ȻҲü
Ǽܰ󣬴ٿһλ顣Ȼôҿϣڲ⣬Ǵڵġ
۵ҲǺϾ¶ǲܽԺҵĻԾͻ٣ںǵĽ裬Ҳһص谭
飬ˣԺǵĶܹǳ۵ȥԶıǣмóЩطȥֻͣǸⰡ
һˣԺ϶Ǹ͵ͳȥ
ֻһǣôܰһӳԵг͵¶ġٵľ棬ԺѡԶĵطȥۡ
ү̣ôȻǣǸɳԱ֮һС椣ȻʱԼĿȻͷʾСһ˵ҲмˣӲŰӱ֣ںǶˣ˵ЩѧĶ¶Ҳٵġ
˶ţСƤǱ͵˵ĵ뷨
ү̻ǴѾͷԶ¶Ҳ˽һЩ˶ʵ㲶׽ˣҲñ档ԶɸֵѬǸɻƷ̺ȥǴ壬ǴһЩ滮ɺڴͿЩɻҲٵǮ룬ԺܲܰƷҲɸɻ֮ģ
ȻܰϲضһۣѾͷеѽ
ܰһڳʮλǸɣüĹǸɶеԺһֵö༸ˡ˵ʵ۵ıˡȣе棬ʵ۵ܸܲ㶨Ů˰
ԼˣܰϽֹ˵ľ档
ţܺáҽټһ˼Ҳ࿼һЩ·һȺ˷˲ţҪһЩԻӦûеİɡɻǱҪġǻбļӹ͸ˡ
ǣ֪ĸɻˣһó۰֪ģٵĸɻǼ۸üġ
Ҳԡ
ȻҲԤȥжУ̵ʱ򣬿԰ǵĸɻҲӴϡһлȻͲˡ˵ˣÿ꾩ҪҲ٣ãԼǺ˫ھǶǿ԰ɹĸɻȥǶǴٹ˾Ӷ࣬һúáɫҪ㣬йϸڣ˫ϲȥɡ
һֱװڵ㣬ŻǰԼˣӴ˵ܲôֻҪļǮУҪΪ


321 ʯͷ

Ȼɨһ̫ز˵˰˶ӣԺ߳ȥɻһĴڡ˼һλŵġأ
һЦҲУôˡ
һᣬȻҲҲǰ˼˰
Ȼ˲һˣҲܷλ
ˣҲһһǰ˵Ǹһװɡʱ˼һ佱ԼôôƯȴʵĲ󻰣һһûӰ
һ˵ɰĲСҲʵҪ֪⼸һһܽٳԵԭȻԵ̫࣬ڳŷʵˡ
ȣðɣɫЩʳӹ
ͬˣȻҲֺǣһԻͷʳࡣ
ˣһ滹ٵľ¥ڳˮҲбҪһЩˮң⻨öࡣ
ܰĽͣȻ˲֪νˮԭƤ
ְû⣬ܸ㶨ԼӹƤŶˮˮҲС
һ뵽͵ѼȻ㶼ĵ¿ˮ
ǰھǺͱ߳ǵʱ˶Щԡ󣬶ٵĿþòųˡ룬ǻĽ
ţ㣬ܰɣζԹţɵζֻҪٲֵʵ⡣ʱ󲿷ֵĶɣζ֮ġȥǣΪǵĿڸΪ˴ɫ̬ĳʳҪ͡
ôصѹϣɰġҲ֨Ѿͷֻեôɲеġ
ţȻҲ֪һҪء
ðɣڹ涨˭ʵĳʳ˭׳һеķӣǺǵʳƷӹֽһĵõطǾгЧһʵıꡣ
һ£ˡ
ɪȻͳ򲻵á
˵˰ҲȱǮҪô
Цǽһģһ⡣ŮǳĿŶܴ׬ӦõõģٸҼһһԺȢϱã˵ܲûɾ͸ô
˫ϲ˶ﲻסֺǡλ̰ԶôңġҲ˲ҪŶԷǮǰһֵһֺϷ
ѹһ¶Էʱһ£оá
ãǾƸΪʳƷӹ֮һˣӣϱǼȥ𡣵øһЩֽŸɾɻɾĸ¶ҪʳƷӹĲ˳ۣʲôһҪע⡣ˣĻ鿪
⣬ٺǵİն֪ϲԱڿᡣ
Եȵɢ󣬲˱ӿǡ
֪ҪʳƷӹһЩ˼˱㶯ӡ
Ҫ֪ų˸ɣɶġ
ǳڣʳƷӹյԱ࣬ϾڵЧô˭Ҳ
ӣͼλ˾һ쵱Ի
ѽհװ˵ˣ־İװҲ޷ô찡ΪֹʳƷУƯװ㡣
ٵʳʱ˲ŷһʵʳˣװأ
˶֪ҪʳĺãװѺҪһεʳﻹǷڰװ֮ϣҲ͸ΪҪ
ˣΪʲôô˲ʳԭûаװȻͷ۵Դϡ
ж໳ִĸȽĶزȥġ
гõİװȫֽհװ֮вͨġϾûз߼ʳƷõģֽ֮ġֻֽװţžͲôÿˡ
ܰϱعţһ䣬ϱҾõĺҶļʲôĲҲͦóԵôúҶߣñģܳԵĴҶװҲеʳǿ԰ˣٷεذװۡȻڲʱǿԽһЩƯһ㣬ÿһЩʳ͵󣬿ҪҪֽ֮ģⲻͽˣ
ܰҲһᣬȻȴˡ԰ɻиֵҶӣǿòٵҶʳﰡȻһЩζ֣ԱʳʡţȻֲһ㣬˵ģֻҪƵõⶫҲἫƯġУѹΣѼ弦֮ģѹѹĺãҲǼġ
õһʾȻϽȥʳƷˡ
һ˵ҪҶ֮İȻе㲻ףѼҶһʳʱҲеɵˡ
ףʵҶһţ˵ͦÿİ
ȻĵĴָŮˣаȻøҶưķӡǿúüָҶơȵ۵ʱ򣬻ʵ档˵ģۻøֵţƤӰװȻǺǵı־зα־֮࣬Ҳò߻
ҲһʳƷĹǸԱ֮һһˡҪ͵ʳõģһЩƯһĺӡ磬ʯͷӣҲ磬ľͷӡҪģǵƯСֻҪɫƯŲ˻ǻϰġ
ȻһʯͷӣľͷСʯͷģ
еɵۣʯͷĺƺð
㣬Ӧûӡɣ
ݺݵһۣУȻУܷܻ㲻Сڴˡ
ʱ򣬻һ־ʳáĵÿܸɲѽ
ںǵԱ٣ЩҲװ֮ġ
ִʳƷӹ֮ģֻҪһӣȥɹӦõԭϾСУҪɹĶ̫ࡣҪԶֵҲࡣ׬ǮǾɨˡ
ǵʳӹĻһҪɹңʳƷӹĻǻڶ۵ȥʱ򾩳ǵĳʳ٣ʱ˵óʡǾȡڹʱ򣬰һεʳȥ
һ˶ӵ
ڳȻǰνȴ
¶ڱ⣬з֯ͬ
ʱвܸɵĽʿûСһȺĹǸԲٵĶ顣
һ飬Ųٵȥһϡ
ǰΪԣúǵռ˲ٿϵĶвٵĶҪɹ
ɶģЩԴӱ߳Ƿ͹һĸҪĶ
ĸϣЩͺķѾ޴ˡ


322 

治˸ɵĻΪ˳淢չͶҲüӽȥ
ĳƷ˹ϣԼװķãڻ˷֮ġ
ڵֻһǮļ˵ǣȻӼļ۸һ˻Ǻġֻ֪Ҫã治Ǯˡ
ǳȻ˵ԼҪʯͷװ󣬲һ˼ͼֽص֮հʯͷ̵ʵ˺þá
Ҫʯͷ̳ɺӣհһôУȻû뵽ʯͷɴСһĺӡ
ŴʦͽܻöһЩԺʳĺҲãȫĵ̼ˡʯͷ棬ǿԵһЩ򵥴󷽵Ļ䡣Ǻǵʳ־ţȥһͼԺǺǵĻı־ˡ
ִ̱ע֮˵ŴСǣȴԼı־
ȻǴǵʳ
Ҫ͵ʳиصĵ̼緶֮Ĳǰ
ǵı־ǼҪ¶
ȻҪȥģܰһǵı־
̱ꣿܰҲЩ⡣
ԶԣǶ̱ꡣǿ԰гɺǵı־֪ڻģòס־Ǹ򵥣󷽣Ķ˿žͻúܲĶС
ҰִһЩ̱һЩ㣬οһ¡
Ҫ˸ɻǸߴеĻȻҲܹһġʮ̱
ܰЩ̱꣬м򵥵ע⣬ҲĿ졣
治󰡣ǸʱǸʲôĿƼʱȻᷢչ˵Ŀ٣ȥһźء
˵Ҳ˵һ¶ѡ
ܰڰලǵĳй滮ⶨһЩ̼ƻ֮ġ
ϣ㿪ʼǵʳ̱ꡣ
ǵĹ滮¾Ϳɳɹġ
ңڵ˿٣ԳȻÿγʱɷ׳ǵ̼ƻ
ʼֻĹ滮֮ġ
˺󣬲˶ǵˡ
ӵԼλԺǰɣûǮԺ棿ûϵǺǵĳƳİҴֻҪסʮ
㷸ûзչĻ㿴Ǻǵ¡ףͬص̣ɫļҲСԺһػٳԵ졭
ʼЩȥֻǳΧ״̬
ҲвĲôɢ֮ģԿ뷨ҲôźǵĻһǲιۡ
ڵĺҹҲ¡ĲˣϾڸľȥһЩҪôǳȥɹٵĻȥôĶ벻עĿҲѡ
ڽ뺮Ǻ󣬲ԭֻΧ̬ǣȴڿǵΰ滮ȫһǿ⽨Ժ䣬йģ֮ġľһȶеĵط
ǵķòĲŰĵطڻԴᣬ֮ġֻҪȥһֱͶʽЩǣǾͲԺչԺ䣬氡ֻǽһЩǮˡ㡣
ǾģǺڰջᡣ
ڿô׵󣬲˶ǩԺ䡣ҰԼسӳ
Ҫ˵Щ˳嶯
ǲǳ嶯
Ϊֻǽʽ𣬱ڲúӵƯԺ͵֮ġ¶ǵܶһӣҲһԸ㶨ǺǵĿֻҪǱлӵĵ̺Ժ䡣
᲻ᵹʲôõĵġ
Լǻ˫ǣȫǳСĶ֧ŵģоǵܰ˴졭ǽ費ǲЦô
ò˵ŻƤҵǺ顣
ͳܰھǵеͷ˵ӣ뺮ǵ̼ң仧˿ҲԽԽࡣ
˾ģһʮʮٵģͶҲԽĶ
ϲҲһʵǰʱ򣬳й滮磬ҪЩͶȥöפ
ǺأԽ棬Ǻô϶ͻԽ١
ȵÿ춼в¼ʮ˼ǰͶʱȻƶһµߣ
ͶǵˣȳϻӭġͶ˱һ֮ġû뵽һ֮͵ø̼ͨһʽ֮ġ
سҲܵðҲ֪Ƴ֯һ㲻㰡
ǵİһֻسҲ֪ܲ
һմɣӦɡ
ѽɶأֱȥ̰ĵطһ²֪ˡ
̰ĵطȻµĵصǼЩ˵سҸЩسӦĽ
ѽû뵽ҼϱˮҲһܰٺ٣û뵽ֻͷ廨Ҳе֮ºãºá
Ҹû뵽ۼСӻѱҰ¶ˣȻҲһļܣٺ٣һҲ԰õŻݰЩܣʵʵŻء

еЩ˵ۣɳȻ̣ȻŰѸɫ˲Ժ⺮ǰҲඡ
绹磬ҵľ¥ҲҪס˲ϵǰôҪȻ㻹嵭ȥ
̣پʡ
ҪģȻڳһƬĵضѺǵһЩɫڷų
û¾ߺţźǵ֮
ҰһЩصĳʳҲ
ʳȵȻһ
ӣæµжȹ֪أǱа֮á
һģŻǾ𴲡
ţϽϽǷսˣǵһȥµһ̰ӡ
ŲŲæԼϵſۡ
Ȼ죬СһȴǸ˽ľ֪װŸ˵ı֡
һһҲһľˣС㣬С㣬û˿ɺá
ˣõء
һлﻹŰһȵܳһһ״СӣʮվǶСһܻĵšš˼ҵİ
һҵģŵһϡ
áС˵ʲôǺõġ
ǡϲСʲôԼӡ
ȵҲСһ͸һ⡣
ԹԵرɽϣСҲۻôġ
ȻһһеˣߵǺģСһȻִҪһߡ
һһҪױ㡣㻹ͦӵġȻ֪ӲɽߡһصŮˡԴӣʱճȻĻ˵ǶԴүһġĽʽȻ˵ϧȥһʹ۵ۡ
ҲҪС㻹и綼ߣһһҲҪ
СһﵹǺܾǿ־ģСԴһָžƨߵߵܡ


323 ѵ

ʵ·ţһסһֻһ¡ҪôùӴ˼Ҷ
ҪôһƯҰժˣִһһԴϡ
С㣬ҲŮģҪģһһŤˣ˰дġ
ѵСԱ
һһԹصλĴ
һһôܺ޵ʵСצһ죬һһûİѵͲ˴޾Ҫѿ·޾Ҫܳª𣿡
һһϽҡͷСһºһЦһһСҪ㣬޵ô磬޵óӢ޵ҵĿɰ޵ó˼˰СȻڻûʢСԴϴϻ䣬һԺЧˡ
ĴĿ뺷ӣҪҪô˵˵
ĥȻĺŮ˵ʲôȥҼһһָᱻᵽȥ
ȻĬĬͷû
ܰﴽٺ٣ŮСô˵ģ˰Ůã˫˲Կ
ԹԹȴҲȥΪһһǾҳϵԲз۰
ֻҪǾ˵ģСָŵġΪʾΡ
ܿ죬һ˱˾뺮һׯСͶ
еİҲһµغˡ
һ걻ͷɹڵϣɢϲõĹʡ
ڿȻ˵һ˸Ͻӭү̡̣
ȻЦ֣ǣǺոڣҪæոԱķϻͲ˵ˣʽ󣬾Ϳ
ǰǰٺ٣⺮ǵĵطÿ굽ڣֻгȥæķݶɲһѽȫ˶óȥֻҪæոԼӾС
ʵȻҲûŷǵþٰһڣһ˾شԷǵٰһ¡
ôɱһͷҲɱ˼ֻ󣬽м֮󣬳Ȼ˵ӵ֮£һȥ
ֻǣߵ棬Ǽĺ˷ʱһȺ˵ɫȫˡ
յ˷ܴ˲ǱˣǾôشĽգСһȻ񷨣ܰҲȫԼҹŮˡ
Ǽͳͳ
ڣлһӲ̫壬սڵĵһСƻˡȴֺǺǵź󣬺󰡡СǣͷĵһζǵδҲ⼸һųǣǵϣǵδҲЩһ
Ȼ̫ˣ۵һ˵ôһ¶
Ѻߺܰͷһȥգʹ˿ʼˡ
һƬƬصȥСڵЩûļӴ֮ܵġϰЩһ£ըֻһòˡ
ڵҲķʵǾǻЦĳȻЦˡйںӵĽѵ⣬Ҳᵽʵ
ǺǣҲƸķаҪгũҵûѧǲеġ
Тض˵Ҫһλ
ʵʦүһõĽ˵˲šϧʦү̫ˣҿɲḺһеĴҵܰЩźصȻҲͬɲôʦүȫܰǿż縺ŵҵĴ壬ҪƸġ
һҪչҪмλϵ̨ãȻһЩġˣƢвҲŹ֡ҪƸ룬治һʱľͿɸ㶨ġ
ɣʱ仧ˣвм˲ţҪǶ鲻ˡ
ܸܰиšڵ̫æˡ
Ҫæ֮ǣҪæҵ顣ҵ飬ٲȥλƢһ¶ɲġ
Ϊ˲ŵҪڴʱҲԽԡڵģһ߳ǵ˺ǣҲ԰æˡ
ң滹кü˲ţЩǷνǵӦ֡
ܰ˵һ󣬱ϽɽǶȥһǰȥᵢ̫õʱ䣬ҲûвᡣȻȴ˼ţҪüӵǿ
ϴ壬һȺӺãбҪǵĸѵɾͽˡ
ԹûйĿȻڿǺѵСǡ
Ҫѧһķ϶Ҫѧһһ˵ҪѧҲһҲޡ
ǵһһСʱ򣬾ͻ֮ƵģԿ࣬Կǲܡ
һ飬ȫ˫ͬ
ϴȻôֺãλҲݻѵ
Ҫү֮ģʦ쵱ʦйʦؽ֮¶ȻǺġ
ΪС͸׽Ūʦˣи֮ġ
Сһﻹ֪ҪԿͷˣֻ˵Ҫʦϴ壬һĻͦġżڵ־Ͼ͵ظϴߵͷʦ
ŻǼߵ˵ģ;ú⺢Ҳǿ
ɵڶ⼸Сëӱܲʱɵˡ
۾ŲȻܲˡ
СˣôҲԸӰˡ
Ϊ˳Ȼû˵ûСѾͷôҲ֮ܲĻһҲ档ɽҰŷţ˼
˼ҲҪ㴷ҪˮҰ㵹ˮǾԵĵģ԰ɡ
Ϊ˰ʹ˰ֺٰȼܣϧһγȻֻǳĬض
Ҳˡ
Ȼ˵ܶʱͱȵ¡ֹܳԵӣеѶȡ
Ϊ˵ŮȻڽʾ֭⡣գѾһǰ
ӣŶ
СôŮӵҲ⡣
ֻвġȫëѩѩ׵ģССһŶһˣͷȥ
žţҲԹԲ
ôֿɰСһһֱǼӵİ֮衣
ǽ죬Ȼıֺþ⡣
ӵʱ򣬳ȻͻȻ䷢˹
Ҫ
ֵؿֱô
ڵӺװ
Ҳ̧ͷ侲ôô׺ݣᵽһΣյϢ
һһֻǵǰɣ
һһʹصͷԣġſ
ǣҿֻӣҪôأ
һһ;ɫһ䣬ŵĶ޳ҪҲҪԣҿһ첻Էֻ㲻ҪҵСס


324 ɹ

ǣȻȴпЦˣ֣СӵĲ֮
ҾͿһֻӣǵó⣬Ѫǣֹô
۵شһߵһһȭͷӣ̫ˣҲϲ
Ȼȴɫؿţӣ㿴Ĺô
⼸侲һɴʱССҲдŲ졣
Ȼʣ˼ѿڶҲϲС׸ˡԳԸĺöΪʲôҪСأ
ȻõЦöӣʵĺáΪʲôҪأĶȴƫƫҪԭ򣬵Ȼҿǲ˳ۣǺ۸ҾͷǵóôܴĹңĹң
ò˵СŵĺáȻ˵˽ô¡
֪ˣԺһúúѧġ
˵һһ͵ĺӣϹˮȫɻؿš
ȻοЦŸ˸ŵԴҼŶ࣬硣ˣ˵ҿǣʵ˲пᡣ
ȥ˵̣˵̸á
ڳȻߺ󣬾קסţӣ˵ʲôôû
һһֱӣӸ磬˼ʲôҪɱǵС𣿡
§СףҪ˭ҲҵСס
С̯֣̾˿ҲˣûʵʱҪסСжѡǵĹã˵ǻҪóС𣿡
СҲҪ޶һЩʵϣҲǼġôһᣬ˾ˡ
Ŷ֪ˣҪС׵Ӹǣûʵ޷סСס
һһҲµصͷزһ䣬ǲҲѧùһһ˺Ҳֻܿš
ڰͳȻţľһ¡
ЩӣĻҪ۰
ԣһһĺãʵϾġһǲܱԼİ֮ֻűߣǻĿܡӦôˣǶ𣿡
Сˣ˵̵츳Ȼһθ̾ŴСǵϡ
⺢ӣܲҪôô
ԥؿСףս˾һһţ֪ˣΪ˱ĶΪ˱СףҲٲ˵ѧҪĿԱҵСףҲҪ
һһʣΪʲôҪŮˣҪ㱣ô
һ֣Ҫ̫ˣҲŲҪءãҵѧ˹򱣻ҵ۸
۸壿ⲻܰɣһһСӣȻôСȼ˰֮ġ
ߣ㲻֪ɣҵǱ۸üˣѹեҵҸ㣬ôѹեҵġ
ȻҲȥˣתߡ
Ҳû͵߳͹Цͣ
ѽЦˡ˼˵ŮСްôãŮůİѽŮ˰˵˵⵱ô˵ʧܰ治㰡@
ȻǸ˵Ӵ졣
Ůˣ㲻Ҳô
ȣҾǺ棬ô۸žĵİѽġġ
Ůˣ˵ͣȻת˰˵λܼҵүֻˣĥģ᲻ѽ
һᵽյλүɫѿһˣʳҪȥء
Ůѽʵϣһĺǻ˰
ǸΪ˼ˣҲ֪Ƿӵ񾭣ȻͰ͵ճ㡣
ĵŮˣ϶ˡ
ԼʹȻҲͦεġ
ȻѾͷǸֳĵһƹϣСƹϣҽյõﰡ
ʱʦү˳
಻̫õĻƹϣȻҲż
ˣ϶ˣ
ɲǵĵذھҪֲЩ꿪ʼƹ㿪⼸ʱ䣬źǻıġ
ٶȣǿ찡Ȼ
ʦүȴΪȻѾͷ̫뵱ȻˡͶ˵Ķ࣬ûЧúôЩֳͶ룬ǾŪ˶ٰѾͷҽ˷ö
ʦү˵ţ˷ܵذѶֲչʾ
ǣ
ȻؿֲʶҪ˵ǲˣҲŵġ
ʦүⲻ˳ԵĲˣѲǸҵĶʳǶ죬ֶҲ޷ģ
ʦүȴҡͷ²ҲҲԡֶȷʵǶԵġֶҪֲҪģֲ֣ԲҶӵĲݣзݣֲݵĳƼãҲ׷ʡ֪ģǰЩŮ˺լ֮żҲõķݡ
ȻˣԲҶӲݣⶫôõլȥˣ
밡Ҳ߷ʣ˳أլĸܶ˶ɫԷ⸾ӳִַӣ˵˻ϲô
Ȼһ飬ᡣ
լȷʵǺˡ
ķݣһ˳õķʳɷ֡լĸǣĸǿƯ˵ۡ
һʵһģа
ˣִϰҲҲãھʹֲڶŻһЩʳǶҲð졣
סֿǵĲʵʱֻˣ꣬ǿھѡһЩҲҪǵҲö°
ڹŴִҪ֮ģ͵úķѲٵľ
ң׬Ǯ
õǳȻֳҵĿֻΪ˸õؽ⡣ͶЩֳǮֻĨƽҲûɶ۵ġ
Ǹھ׬Ǯˡ
޵ˣҪճɵҲճˡ
ʵĹȴ½顣
ȻڿʳƷֲ̫࣬Ҳм˺ͺǵϲ
ƤֶҲһӾͿġ
йڼʯҵĵ䣬
ڵЩƵĸҲǴˣиȵȣһƤҲˡ
ҪľִɻƤлƤ֮ġŲܹʯ
ǰƤ˻Ǻġ
һƤȻǧö
ڶγۼĴȥһγȥ󣬲һôѣΪһȥԼĵ̡
ҪģһƬԺ仹ͦģһȺ˵סʲôĶõ˽
һ죬ɺѵԱʼѵ͹֮ķεóȥ
ٴ幺Щϲεġ
̸˼۸Ա฽öԼеĵַߴҡ


325 

ƹģҼҵļ⼦֮ĲڵĻ˫̣ҪҪЩˣ㵽ҵʲôģǶŻߵġ
Ҳż
ĳۣԼ۸ʲôģ϶۵ҪԼһ㡣
⻹ȻƳһѻƶȡ
ǸѵһſֻҪЩˣںѵĽ
ﵽһĽʵ
磬ʮԻٵļ
һֿԻһǧܻʳĳĳĳĳ
Ѵﵽǰʮлõȫ̺ǶΡ
Ҳʹȫ̰԰סΣ᲻ܳԿҪ֪ȻŵģԴʮ
ȻЦҡͷԿ룬˼ǧڼǧӣǻûǮǺҪʲôҪͶʰЩѵôҲе˰ɣ˺һؽչĺˣ᲻뵽Ͷ֮ģֻҪʣɹС벽
һõķչȻҲ¶
磬е̰ԣһҪЮͼ֮ġ
ţǽҵϴ󣬽ͷǸʵϵˣųȻʦүһЩµƷֳ
ֳֶڱĵطеġںǣֶϡ
ܵĵط٣֪ⶫںǣǣ⼸жǺֵĶ
ǰ߶ֳԳɱߣҲ󡣿ڲһˣֳƷֱԼ˵һɸһ
Ǳһ뷨һʦүѯЧʱȻֱӾͷһЧ
ʦүûֳɹʧˡ
ʧˣʦү֪һϢֻͦźġ
Ҫĵط̫࣬ʱʱضһƬطֻÿһƬһЩӣ⵱ص˼ȥ֡
ũְֳֵذֲľ鴫ȥԺͿʡĲ١
Ȼֳ˵Ƭطʺϰҵ취ˡ
ʧˣʦүĻͦѹġ
ȻҲ˻ʧܵ׼ĻǶµĻš
Ŀʦү뿪¶Цݡ
Ϳһֲٻ¸ˡ
ֻǣǣʦүڳɽʱȴ˴峤
ʲôֲʧܣޣҵҪʧܣǰЩֵĺúöתʧˣ
ʦүˣҲ
֣Ҳܴ峤ô룬ڵͻ˺ǡ
峤˺üҲû
˼Һô˼ṩٷôѪҪǴأ
ȴ˽һ˽ļһ
峤ˣҲû嶯ȥҽϴ󣬶ǾֱصѴ¸صȫټ
һһ顣
ʲôȻ˵ûֳɹ¶Ǽȥģûɹǳɹĺܣ˵ûɹ۾˵Ϲɡ
˵ˣҪʵԳ˰
۹ǳ֮ˣôǴ尡
λ˵ԣǲܹϢԴ£Ҫ͡峤Ҳŭˡ
ǴòϣۿȫҲٰˡ
ڣΪֳԵʣﻹɱꡣ
ݳ˵˿һԱɱһͷꡣ
ƣҪ֤һڹʱԡմ꣬ӹˣͻʢ
ôõӣɱĺӣǴＫ˻ܵĴڿɺãĺ˲֪㣬Ҫıȡ࡭
ȫĵүǣһ̶¶ˡ
̫ˣΪʲôᷢǴ
ߣǴ岻Ҫ˴š
ԣߡ

ȫߣʱȴѺ˽˴á
ˡһүѺűĶ˽͹
˰˰ͷҽһˣ˵ʦүϰ˰
үǳĻڹ
£ǰȷʵǲ֪
һټƽʱΪˣҲ֪¶ֻ²Ϊ
Ҫ˵ĵģҲǽˡ
峤һ̾Ϣ飬һ˻㱨ġ󰡣ôЩ꣬۾ˡ
¶˵ҲͿˡȻǣϽʧˡ
ҹӳ˴ӡ
Ϊ˽ͷʹѵȫ˵棬ǰФӴӼ
¶ġġ
õϢĳȻҲĺܡ
Ψд峤һֱѵġ
£Թǣʵ԰̰ġ飬ֻǸ˸ѡԺ˽ƲҪġǰڵͶ룬ҪȡرģȴǷּȡںڵ⣬ֳ֮Ҫôǵˡ
ǳΪҪģҪụ̃գ£ٰѺǽշչΪһҵ֮ǡ
һ㣬Ҫġ
ôһ룬ȻҲˡ֮ˣ㲻ָġ
ʮָʮָ̲һأָһģ
£ڳȻҲȻؽҹ
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¼ҵĶʻ⼸ĸɾôˡ
һ룬ȻȻѵõʧߡ
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ʱƽʱߣеֻǼ㣬վǶɰľǶһ
磬Ҳ仯öࡣһ˻Цݡֱ˲䣬֪һİȫĻˡ
طʱֵɱ˵˳μ顣
ǵĻһǱ߾ͱһաӴȥıƷҲһõļ۸һ˳ȻʷѣҵĻҲ׬˲ٵǮ
ܣϵˣ
ֵֻϲǣʻ
޷ǰѻۺǱߵҪڳԺڣɱһѪ·һҲҿй𻨣Ҫһزˡ
˵Ĺ𻨣ʵһλŮӡ
ǴοһȺ̷裬Ҳųˡ
һ·൱ҲĵļͶԵ
һ𻨱ɬģ򣬡۹ⲻϱǰ۹̫ˡһǸԶֱġ
ȢȢͣǴʵóĳʹĽѵΪлһ¶ٲҺҽύŮˡ
ҪҲἱСܳɼҵӣȻԸĳס


326 Ц

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һߵĶȴǰ̾һС㣬ҲĪҪġȻʱҵҲȫƾüֵҪһͻ¼һ鸾˵ȥ
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Ϊ˴ܴСҲеɳǣзɳͻȻ˲ٵĲϡ
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һУһϣظҵĽŲߡһΣǺú档
ڵĽģԽԽ󣬲̵Ľ룬סЩҲΪǴһЩͬԴ
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һֵʳܿؾͷԱĵطأǵĵطȥ
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ֻʯͷװеϡ棬Ļûô⡣ɵȵǳĳʳȴ䡣
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Щɣ֪أǳСӡ
Щǳһǵز˵ɽҰޣŸطġ
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֮ǰܰ԰˵Щ긣ȫҸõļףкü㾩ǹʷŮҲסݱˡ
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֪ôģŵǸĿԼѾͷ˵ԽԽʱãԼĻˡ
һļ壬һԼʵŮһ
οŮ˻Ǻܰܰġ
ֻǣһиˣ˫ϲǺںҲϲġ̫Ϊǡ
һŮһΪŮӣԲûжкɫͷĻǰһأһɫ㻹ʮֵЦݣ
Ǹ
ʱʿĮ뿪Ůӣüȴᵽһ
ֻ˳ԶһŮӷ򣬡磬ϲ˼Ҿֱ˵
ҡͷЩɬζİֻ֣Ǿã¶
һӣʾͲûЦ
黹˵ϣһȺЪº󣬲˱ҵطԣϴ֮ġ
Ϊ̶ӣ¶޷͵ʱǺܶģʵ̶Ӷϰˡȴϰȫ۵ģڵڵʱȥϴ


327 

һȥײ˺һλϴ衣
һ˵鷢ˣ˶ҪġҲ޻˵ֻϵù˵Ҫޡ
˭ƾ㿴һҾͼ޸㣬̫˰ɡ
ǣ벻ǣλ˼ѹͬ⡣ֻƳһۣת߰ˡ
еģһϷ򸾡
һȥͶ֮ġ
ǹʵĲ̫ÿǿž˾
ֻ˭ãΨԴʲɫ
ǿһЦҲޡ
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һȥģҲͶŮġٹ۲˶Т˳ң˻ͦģ淽棬Ҳͦеʶ
˾ô֣ǰƯĺÿһƯŮƭ󣬴ƯŮˣȻ޸оͨһģȻȴ־ǿŮˣеϲ
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ҡͷֻĿضԶˡ
ⴿľһֱܾЩŹ֡
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ΪǷԷһԶһεǺܿصġ
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ĵɨһ۴ʣʵ˳ͦġһ˫۾Ҳܾһǻ¶ܸɵˡܺ˳ӣҲ˲䡣
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ҷĹܼҴʣҵĿֻ꣬ԳȻʱҪæģҲֻԳȻ顣ܴʵ¶㲻õġһ׮Եϱӵĸ
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̵֪ϣ˵Ů˵ʱзŮ˾ǳԿˣҲϾ·ϲ̫ƽ¶Ů˵û֤ݣԿġ
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Ȼ˵˵ģ󣬴ڴ羰ȹѾʱ÷ȴһ·
·˸ӣ˼µġ⣬ֻǸл֡ġ
ʿ·ŲʵĿֹ
磬ǶǺ˵Ǻܿ࣬ɳҲ࣬ûг֮ģôŲ󰡣㿴һŵķӣһȦĳǽߣȻûγɴĹģ,Ҳ̫Сĳа
ԶԶأʿźǲϵظ̾ʵһġ
ʼʱȷʵֻмӡԴȻоͿʼˡ
Ҿ֪ȻǸģڵĵطǲһʺܸ̾
Զŵ÷ľЩֱֵĵȻҲЩˡ
õѸϢ˵һ˰̶ӵĳȻ߳˳Ժ䡣һ㿴ֵһĻ
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ô˱ѽǼҾֳƯѽСϲ۾Ӳӵģ͸Ȼʯһ˸
֪ϲǻ͵һƯľС￴⻨Դϸ顣ò״ˣ̧ͷСϽҰƯ
ѽǼѾͷСȷʵǹ⻬
ˣι˼ҲҪ
ף·еŶ
ôôǰ˵˼ҵ·డ


328 Ͷ

Ŷ͵ĻȷʵƯǼҾϣŶ
һ£ˡɬشͷԴ˵Ļһ̣СһŸһĺӡ
һȺ۵ֳ
ʶʶصɳȻһۣȻҲ̫׽Ū˰ɡŮͰ˵˶֡
˿ӵģùŰһСһﲻ⣬ȫվһ߶ء
̲ؽһ䡣衣
СһһָԶվڴʶŮˣȻȴľ
һʼҲдλʶûܣҲûȷǲǵáǣôһָ˼²ˡ
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Ů˵󷽣һ˫Ķ˵Ĵ۾ӲӵؿųȻɬк档
ȻĲʮֵɫһ˵оˬġ
ҲʱϽȻһҵ飬ľ
ȻԼĲȻɳȻǲˣСӺλľƺϵһ㡣ľǰ֣Ȼ㣬뿴ǡ
ȻӦźãúá
䵽һλɫԭϡλŮֻ˴ɬڴʵϡǴʲûʲôʾºȻЯһλߣһλϸˣľ޺ʹʶʵ˸񣬱ǰˡ
ΪǴʵŮˣѹǡȻǸӴ
ʣٶȿɵüѽ
װɵû˻ǵķչ󣬱㿪ʼ⡣
쵽أΪ˳Ȼĺܹһ꣬һδ˲ٵ֮ǰǡ
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Ȼӹɨһۣű߳ǵһҲӯһˡ
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СǰôȺǱ߻ͦϰߵġ
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СǰΪȣ·һֱеˡʼʱ⺢ӻͦԱġڵãһݰĹȻţҲԽԽսãȥүδһƬڰ
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õĿĺţͼһŵ˼ңǴֱ֮ˣǿûʶֵġ
ͬǺŵŮӣȴҲһʵԭĺܣҪһϱӺӣı
Ϊ־ĸȥҪΪһͶҪˣҲʵ·ϣǡñС÷ƼǶ
ҡͷ־ź뿪һҲֻվңǸŮӡ
źĵһˣͬģԶڷ˾ǨʱҲһֻСżĬѡ
ҲһʱˣǵӰżܻḡԺ
һ֪ܼ񣡡
ľżӦûٵġΪӦٴԵ˼ǣ᲻á
ˣ°ա˵꣬˾Ǩְľż˻ĵطغá
ڴⲻСĿһĻСʮˣǲ졣˸һںľżҪûɶ¶Ҳš
ľżƺǸŮ￴ʱҪţŮСǲ˸ľżɰѺĽĲҪҪġͲˣǸɶŮôͲԼʵСʮ˲֪ǣľż˸ӳȻߵġ
ΪǻԺ䣬ʶʶڳȻԺӸһԺӡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ۵Ǳ߶ٰѶǣǾ߶ˡ
һСʺصͷ
ڵİŽΪܰĺ¥ת˾Ӫ֮ϵҲ˲١Ǳ˵֮˵½
ҵطͶʱҪѳӵӦС
ȻһӰ͢϶ǲеġ
ֻҪ߶˹̶ǶԷҲԸᵽ˴ġϾǳȻĹϽ֮
Ҳ֪Ǳô˺ˡȥֻ쿪


329 

й˺֮£ϰ֮˵뿴ġ
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Ž˷ʮʬ壬ʵֻǹٷ֮һĬ
˻ùٷһǵøһЩͬʱҲٷһЩôһ˵İȫ⣬ҲҪбϡ
ֻϣԺ󲻻ݱѽ
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ȻѾͷСʶڳȻĪݡ
ϣɡŶ磬ҿλ÷ƺҲһƬһԺ䡣÷ͷǮģȻֽܳ𹺷
ᵽ÷㣬Щڣûܣȴ֪ġԽ˵Ŷ˵һڣȻбµİ÷˵Ǹó֯ģ˵Ļһ÷ͷóɫũҹߣǰ˵Ǹľ÷ӣ˵ǸšΪ⼼ܣȻѾͷǵԺӵǮҲֻЩǮѹ˼ҳǮ⼸£ƽʱҲ׬ˡ
ʻ죬һǻӡ
ȴֲ˵÷ҲǣֻһŮиӶðһ󣬲˵֪˶бµģö˶÷⡣ҽʱ򣬱㿴üڸ÷ͷء
ʵ֣ϣʵ΢΢߬С󣬴ֻҪǽˣ֣ͻûɵ߬ϰߣҲĲ
źӵĳȻҲֵĹܻ۵ֳһؽӻѽŶҲȥ÷ΪǼҾһС·
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㣬㿴ɶˣĳȥԼŮɣʸϽʡ
Ȼɨһ۴ʣȻСһȻ޲ġսȭͷ˵һء
ȣп˭һüĿСӣǰ÷ϵľء
÷ӣƺͦСӡҲк÷šʱ÷ͺ˵ۼȻʲôģͷӳҩûŵҼǻ۸ġû룬ӾȻԼţҪҼҵŮ¶ҵͦģ
÷㲻⣿Ҳ˺ģѴĵ˳
ʵ߬ĸȻͲûЦһߵܰκεɨһӵӡҲкͳȻһȥ˼÷˵ЩԺмԱŲͬĿСӵġ
ȿȣ÷˼ǣ÷㻹ڿǰСôҵͦͬġ˵СǸ̵ģϼֶءΪǰЩ̵ʱ򣬼˳¶ֻһˣ˼ҲҸȵļҡ÷Ұúʡ
ǽ㣬㿴¶ɲϸʡʵ񣬱Щͬ顣
ߵľޣȴЦأһֱŲ״̬
ҿ¶˳ɻɰΪ÷Ȼ˵ˣֻҪ˶ʣ۶ˡҲеġ˭ԸиŮϾ÷ҿֻһŮġǸжӵСӣҲĲҲСȻ˵ǹһˣ׵˼ң˰ҿ÷÷壬Ǽϲء
ѽͬؿߵĴ硣ã˼ҹﳤһ㣬ҲûϷѽ
ʵɫȻģֻǵȻţȥתת
ȻͼϿһȻֻǴ
㣬˵Ҹ粻һ˰ɣôȥ۵óˡʿȥˣճȻǰ׻
粻ף϶ˣѹ
СһߵľޣɬĴޣһۺۺġ
˫һ̶ˮƵġ
һʱ䣬ҲЩˡ
ʰһѣ϶ǰϲµġ
ɬҲţ֮ǰҿ÷㻹еϷˡڿɺã˼÷ˡ۸簡ҲûϷ
㲻ţ۴İˣһԸˣҲһɺã
һ۾ˡ
֣ðҺľ޶µģһεˣǾѻ¸ˡ
ŶҲ˵úǾҪϲˣȻͦ˵ġӮνҵϲ¶ˣһҲˡ
ľ޸һ߶ɫˣڳȻʱﻹ̧ͷؽ͡
ҼЩ¶Ŀڰʱ򣬱ģҪҪģԼŰˡҵܰǡ
Ȼ΢΢Ծÿ˿У̫ټˡ
ٺ٣ҵһֱġǿ˳ˣ˽ϿЩĹСڣҲںġ
ӢŮӣȻĴָʣ治ҵľĽԺСӿ϶Ҹˡ
ʺٺٵɵЦǣҵϱ϶õġҶʵǺá
ľɪĵšϵϸ
ѽϱʡܻѽԺҵҸȫˡ
ľһûʻᵱŴһȤ¶һʱ䣬ɬͮ졣
ǡǡ̧ͷΪʲôҸҪϰ˾⻰ɶ˼СһڵͫŶʵߣҪܹ·ơ
˾˰ҿǲǲɶóԵģǺģҪôȫָأ
Ҳˡ
ȻһߵĶⲻӴȥ
ų̣ĺ¶ûѧţ뻰ѧһܿˡûûغ˵ȥҿôġҪ׵ˣûûС
໵ؼţ㣬ҰɣҰɡ
ľԭͦߵģʣȻ˵ųȻڣֿЦ
ЦЦţ뵽Լȥĸ硣
Ǵ绹ڣֻҲ۰µİա
ҲҪ˾ˣ򡣡
СͶ˾˷ܣѾͷҲż롣
һʱ䣬ֻʣ㻶
ܰվһ߶ҡͷ
磬һ˻ȥһ°Ƥˡ
ÿĵҲв١
̵Ƥʵĵ࣬ۡ
ǰֻжҴ󴬸С
ȴҴ찤ŰĳС
û취Ҳˡ
Ǽ⣬ҲóС
źǽԽԽȣֻƾһҴУѹܻǵĳҪ
ͨǵҪˮ·һݾɽҰСÿߵҲвˡԱǨĽ϶࣬ҲбҪ½
Ҫ·һһֱǳȻ


330 

ͨˮ·һֱһݾ
ˮ·ҪһЩ͵Ķǻ֮ģҲ̫㡣½·ĽҲǱȻġ
ǰǵ٣һ½·ߵҲ̫ࡣ
;ΪҪԽһЩɽϵҰ֮ģԺǵһֱ·
ڲһѽ
ΪŽ򣬻б֮ս˻֮ţ˶ӿ򺮳ĵط
Щյˣǿסڳġ
ûյˣֻһЩƧĵطš
ȻطƧˣɳȻҲǱ֤ˣָǵأǰ漸궼ǵ˰
󣬲ŻῪʼһ˰ѡ
Ȼֵĵû룬ҲԹ˰ˡĻڣİ
ٴˣҲ֪ǵĹģԱѡʱȻѡһЩͨĵطš
һЩضҲͱ֣
·ҪģֻڵʱûհҪһУķѵ治١
˵ʵڵĳȻܰ˳ӵкһط
һʽҲ޵˼ˡ
ˮһսֻΪ˽һĺǡ
ֻӵһǣȴ֪̣̣ǰЩ۵ĸ룬ȫͶ뵽
꣬ǾˡʱͿɷְγһЩʽ·ϱȵǵĽʵˣһҲȥһ˰ɡһ¸أķ羰ҲǼġ
ã¡ȥˡȻӦ
ǵһжõķչ
ӵԱҲԽԽࡣ
һϣȻܰһȥӲɽ·
ȴһȺӿЩϰˣҲǾƣۣһŻ̵̻񿴼ˣ㷵վһ߶ǡ
ˣ˵ôˣǺ¶ôйɲأ
ܰüɨһǰһȺ϶Ůģм˻Եˡ
ȻҲЩأǰһСڡ¶ĸ첲ڻŧ
Ե˺һֱûúûСŮӣ첲ŧԺ󳤴˲°̺ô
ǰСһʹô
ڵֻʣһ˫۾תƵСţʹֻǶ
˵ţСѾͷ죬Զպ
㡣û˼ٳԣֱӰѳʳݵСǰ
ԡСӹʹҭᶼһСĳȻüëһˡ
⺢һͷŽĸȴںһֱûŲضǹӣҲǺЩûųʳˡ
ˣǺˣǷˡΪսǲòӳ·˲ٵˣ˵ԱˣҲڴԱš
ôһۣܰüӹһսһ顣ڵķǴˣԽԽࡣ
ȻĿǰǿԽ±⣬ҲֻĿǰʱĽ̫񣬵ʳȥ˻нʱ򰡡ĿմҪôȹ
ͷʹȻҲͷʹ
⸽ĵضЩطɡڵ˿Ҳ̫ˣһʱܰٲǡЩŻݵҲڸı䡣мҲٹõŻݵˡţǰӽġ
ȻͶˣЩȻðá
ǵ⵰óôһ·ȻƵʳ⻰
ܰǣ̫սǻӰġʼֻһЩ֮ġȴ˷ӿ롣սſʼֻ»иӿ롣Щһǲһ񱩶
ڼ״̬£˭Ҳҵʲô
ЩǲûеġȻҲѹ
ӿ룬ܲա
Ҫôˣĺѹûôʳ
ֻȶȹһأԺ˵ɡ
ԭӦǹһġ
Ϊս˻ǵ˻ǵ½ʳˡ
һȻ㱻ŵܽ
ˣˣˣ˺öĴȫվǵԺӰΧˡڡ
Ȼɫ䣬Ͻ𴲡
ܰסȥ±ӡ
Ҳһ𡣡ȻҧԸ¡
Ҳա
ȥ㿴ԺվһȺĴ
Կ˿ЩˣȻǸˡȻ˺ܶ࣬ȴΧŲûйľٶ
ڿʱΪ׵ļλ˲ΡΡǰ˸
ˡ
λ
ȻؿЩˡ
Ҫ˵һµİɡֲ
ɣ£һȺǰΪ£
Ϊ׵ļ́ͷЦˡôһľ˳ͷˣǵĲǡҲ֪Ϊ񰲶鷸ҪǣǣǽǷǺǵҲԸһȹЩѹء
Ȼһ̧ͷǰϰٺŵˡЩˣȫǺǸɳˡ
ôһǰΪ˸ǵͬڵģ
֪Ϊ˰ѺǽãķеĻںòײźһЩǵҲʼáȴô˵顣˵ǻֹǴǵ飬ҲǺ˵鰡
ڣǵļҾڡֻһȹһѹأǺǲܸõطչ
ԣѸһЩõʳ⵰Լ֮ṩ
ЩףȻıһᡣЩˡ
˵ѵʱ򣬻ùģҪ˳⺮ǵĽ衣ǽ죬ıЩͨϰոжˡ
ֳ̧ܰڳ˸񣬡ܰڴлλסǺȷʵѡ̫࣬һЩ⵰Ҳۡǵ⵰Լʳܲṩǵڡ
źǺǵЦνЩÿҷһ㣬ҲǲġʱûЩ֣һĹôڲǰЩֲĶṩȥֻҪŸ֣ǲµġ
νĸ֣ǱʳЩ
ȻĨᣬ̧ͷϵر֤ǣʱġֻҪ꣬һʳջǺǵԭסҲãҲգʳԣԵġʱ䣬һҪͦȥ
ͦȥ
ϰٺ˵źĳȻĵ
ӽҲٳһٷ
СɤڳǸЦҡͷǴ˿࣬ҲܿһˣССүɲܿǵġȹġ


331 㱣

һȺˣڻ㱨˸Եľĺ󣬵˲ٵʳд֮Ķ
ΪЩ˿
Ȼ񣬵Ҳ÷ֹЩ˴Ųÿһ񣬱ڳطȴš
ֱûвˣŻᰲù滮һЩׯȥ
õǣӿж٣˲ûӿ
йһ㣬ȻʵҲоֵͦġ
ֱһܰϴ弸ĶԻȻ׹Щ˷ŹǣЩʱ򣬾ͱϴ弸ˡ
ϴ弸ȥ˽ϵһֵܣĸؿغšֻҪ˱ȫж棬ЩҲֻΪ˻ڷԣҲｭˡǺʱƽġ꿪ʼǺҲһԼĻӣ˭Ҳҵӿʱʲôġ
ܰȻذһУֱĳȻЦļ۶๫̫ˡû뵽ǰһУһ
ˣžʱҲ˯ȻصϷԼ๫
ˣǰ죬ס
ܰڵǣһ˫Ĵȴǽŵġ
Ŷ첻װ˼Ҫϲඣ
Ů˴չ촽䴦ҧ˿˵ı˲俇ֱ
ɫؿⲻʹаŮˡ
ˡƵɤ֡
еһУ˵˵󡣿ǣŮȴһ̿Ц˺
๫Ŷ໥дһòá
Ҳǣȷʵûˡ˶Ϊļء
Ȼһ⻰ƺþòˡ죿
ʵΪҲھдġһֱŸңʱˡ
˵꣬ȵڳȻϣֱһ̧Ȼ䵽Ļ
ϡ
˰ԵϢӭſϣȵ˷̵񣬿ĳȻȫܡ
ˣ˵˵ĻܲС㶼֪ŵӦ㲻Ƥ
Ż䣬˸ߴӰѹ¡źɫӰӳһ컡
ܰ˵һεġ
ˣ˵һΰⲻһô
㻹ڶ
˵һΣˣһˡ
ء
ƭӣһأ
ˣƭҲֻƭ㰡˵һΡ
֡
ڶ죬Ȼ𴲵ӣܰ൱ĺÿ
ƫƫĳһ㣬һӣ˵ôôáԱǿҡ
ܰҽ컹ҪȥӲǵ԰
Ҫ簡ҪȥӲʳǡ
üŶˣΪһͬ磬ģҲ̫·
Ȼ˦һۣҲ·Щɽ·Ѳɻ㱳ȥ
ŵǳЦֻ֨ڵǰΪ£С̺
һӡܰĨϣƺİŮĹõİ
˵õһҹһΣƭӣȫƭ˵ġ
Ůؿ顣
ˬԹΪϴ󣬿ױ̨ǰױ
ˣΪ

ɷ˵˹ǽڷֽӹӣΪһᵽס
Ķ
ֱΪһöӣžе˶ȻЩ걼ͣɻɡ
ϣҲ˼Ů˵ķζ
̧ͷۼ䣬һɷ͸¶һʱ䣬ܰЩӡһǡԽԽˡ
ǡĳ˰ˣ§˵ĲԴŲ˲䣬ǵĺӾҪˡ
š
۸ˡ
ٳʱ򣬾Сһ˽
һ§һŶСһͣܲǰקˡٰԵһ̧֣ҵġ
Ȼ۵ֳһѽСһ§ġ
գգ۾ɬصͷţġ
ܰˣְѴСŮ˶§ڻ
Ƕҵġ
ô˵һеͿˡ
Ǿģģ;ǵġǣ˭˭İ
ѽ°
ǴҵġСһඡ
˳ϵŶȻƨߵߵشչȥﱧһûۼҶӣ㡣
˵žҪչȥ˼ҡСһȴһŤͷСԷ
ȻŲءħצһţֱӾͰ§ǿа˿ڣӣȳԳ㡣
С̧ĨһǣСȴǷۺۺġ
ԭͳķŶһСޣɬغȴǿԿ˰ӡȵĳȻһѪ
ħצȥҪ§ӣӰٱ
ܰȥȿȡ
ͷŲͷ԰ϣˣһϴŶѽﰡĿˮͿһ˼˧ľǱˡ
Сعȥһ֣һظ֤Ī£һ㣬ָһҰҰɧ㡣
ŵسԷСѾͷĽѹͲǡ
ţ˰ɣһɡԺҿ汣㣬԰ѺóԵģĶŶһᱣġ
ؽ飬һͷ䣬Ȼһ
ǣһֱæسŷ̩ɽѹɫĵӣֱĳȻҪǰ§һӣٱһιôСӣ§׺òá
һߵ˰Ѳ͵׵ذˣҪΪ򡣡
ÿжڣŮ˵߾ճڶˡܵ˰һλҲûСоҲˡ
ĳȻ߻ڶӵϡ
ŰһȥǣȥҪҪ

ϧүЩ˵Ļĺԡ
ģţʹҰɣܵܵĺôǣ洳ˣҿԳƽ鲻ˣҵĻΪעĳͷ
žꡭү¿ӣһĨ죬ָţ
۾΢΢һã
̵ܼһƺȴľС㵱ëˡ
㿴ţôβ
Ȼ۵ֳ
ȣŮþ͵ðɡôи㰡ƨӣ֪ôôڵͽġ
һС͵ûƷҺ㣬ΪʲôҪ¯졣
Ȼ죬ϽԷôء
¯죬һһҪץʱҪ㣬ѹš
ȻɣΪܰ
Ů۾ţܰĶڳˮ
ǣôĹŮٳϱġ


332 Ӧ

ȣеء㳤ôˣû취ٻ¯ˡ
ܣҪ㡭
ܰһ߶ֻϱչȥھֹһ͵ˡ
Сһ۾һŶ
СȶһģյȻǰڳԷĳȻϽѷꡣֱѾͷк¶ˡ
ϽҵܵܰɡһҪСܵŶֻҲиоһгɾ͸еĽ㡣
ŮεţȻѹ
ǸĿǰûҪܵܡ
ݺݵصһۻˮܰȻ޵ҧŲҪءһԶ㹻ˡ
˵ˣһεƺη䡣Ҳ˵ģҪӣһеѶȡ
ܰϽ룬̯Ӷϱˡ
Сǲĥ˵СųȻɣ֧ŶҪͣȥһôܵܣŰ
ιŮ
ǣĵСһֻһ뷨ϽСܵܳ
Сһ治ˡ˾ʣ壬ôٵСܵܳءҪŶ
ľ޶ŶСһָϽסСĸ˵ôܵܰҾ˾ҲҪܵŶֻҪܵܡ
ľغ졣
⣬˵᲻̫ѻشˡ
Ͷԭǰ׵ġ
˭·ѹûҲ֪ɶ¶ˡڶʻǱ߶ûء
ػشˣϽ÷㣬÷㣬˵أôӰ
÷Ҳ˸ͨ졣һߵĴЦؿᡭҲȥ߹أ͸麮Ǹ㽨ءֻǣĹûԼߡ
÷㣬˵Ŵ˸ŶҶˣʹҲһܵóɡǿҪŶ
÷ɵˣôҲǸңʹȻе˼Ҳھɡ
Ѿͷ¶Ȼؼˡ
÷һߣľҲҴҸڸϽˡ
Ťͷž˾ˣ㣬ô㶨ﻹǳء
ˣˣˡ
÷ȥ˺ӱϴ·оһߴӰԼϵĶ˻ûлͷ
÷㡭
ᵭĺ÷΢¶
Ҿʣ۵ˣʱһ㡣
顭÷ش·һ̵ĺܡ
ͦ͵ģôġֻҸϽףҲûɶҪ󡣡
Ǹǡ÷е
ʹһ𡣵ԽӴԽͦһˡ
ʱͦġڼͦͣҪģԼҲТ˳
û÷ү˵Ⱦơ
ү˵ľھϯʹһˡ
ÿδʶǺȸˣҲ
Ϊ÷үӺο
˰ҪľǺȾƺʲôԡ⺢ӿžʵʵϡܰһϣĵҿ⺢ӣġ
Ҳ˵⺢û¾͹ңȽŲ˴湺˷ʪҩ˼ҩҲöˡǺģһҲģҪ˵⺢ûģҲŵġ˲ôܸɻ΢ˣʺ㡣
뵽Ļ÷ϲֺ¡
Լʹʺúù˰ɣ󻹵ðǸСΣ¶
ԽؽӴԴʵϧ֮飬ҲԽŨ
ȣʣҾã䲻㡭
÷˵Ļ
䲻㡣һʧܵĻ¡
ʵһ̹ȻԼʧ
÷㣬ѵͻϵһЩ¶˵ˡ
ճˣҲˡһңҪˣ㡭
ʽŵؿ˵ܾĻ
ʵ׷÷ĹУûŵ˾
ǳȻ򸾺ͶʱʱĴԼܵԶԶء
У÷ͦߵġطȻƧҲǰϴ·һײҲ˼
ſҡ
ţ㲻ӦҾͲˡʸ׽ס֣ؿŮӶɢŮ㣬ǰקק
𡭡
һȣ÷ᵽĻżҪȴ˸§š
÷㡭ӦҵҵϱҪҾˡʱﻵвˡ
㡭ˣ÷ҧˮ۾ߵص
ȴ֪˼ķ顣
ֻȫȣֻ޲ȡݣҧɫĴ
Ϣȵٰһ㣬㡭Ӧҡ
ˣңҴӦˣſҡ
桭ģ˷ܵضͷŸѸݵһ
ϱҽȥȥ
Զˣ÷ָ̧ӡֻãһƬ̵Ļš
ﴽĿԶ÷ת׼ϴ·
ǣԶǸӰȴͫǴǵ˵ߵˡ
Եģ˴ʱԼġ
Զﻭ󣬹ؿͷһƧĵط
⺮Ҳ˽ţֻҪطչáӣܼҵĴʣҲ㶨ˡá
ﻭЩᡣ
ūŵˣҵһߣ˲Ҳе˵˼ҵޣǼõˡ
ܶʱū˵͸ˡ˵С֮ģҲʱ¶ΪһͷˣǺܶŮūǰ¶
ﻭҲû뵽ջĩȵĴֱѾͷȴԼá
ӣԸʲôô
ûķԸֻܼ˹ϵһЩѡӰĶ̫ˣ治֪ĴֱѾͷôôĺá
лл㣬Ҳõġ÷Ͻͷף
Ҳ˵ˣܴʸùϵԺõġ
÷Ĳ˲ʵһ㰡ǣ²ΥԼӾȵģûе
Ŀǰﻭ뿪÷˿
ڣ޴ʣҲˡ
ɽĵ·ϣȻߵȫʹ
˿ǰһѿϱұߡ
ιܰңߡȻԹ̫Ǹˡ
Ҳ߲
һôǿԼģЦȥ
һͬеʦүֺֻǺǵؿŷ羰СڵľٶȫԲơ
ţϱˣҵ๫ıһôˣ˭Ц
˵꣬ܰٶ§ϱˣҴɡ
˵꣬ǽɵٶȣȻϽ§
ôţ컺ģоͦã
źĲ๫
ǣиأֲǲ֪


333 һ߾ͷ

åȻĲ֪ڱ˵ԼǷȴ˵泩ϱ˴ȥɡ
ʦүǰ汳ϱܵĻˣһС˵үô˱̬أ
ҲأĨ˰ѺĽؿǰܰүǳˡ
ǣ츳СӡʦүΪĬЦȴЦӼ䲻⣬ʦү츳Ǹɶ
ʦүסѾͷûһء
Сӣ
ֻߴ˼仰ӵĶ䶼ߺˡ
ʦүĪǿЦİɡϣ˰
ôûУԵаеŮ㡣еŮˣǸĺáһ밡ءŮ˿ľã˾Ͳ츳ģ
ǺǡʦүǣҪôŮ˵õ㰡뵽˵ģڹʱ䣬ֻҪȴʶʵĵˣǾ͵һ׼Ŀ൱Ľŵġ
ҪӴǵ¶ˣȴһԼϱô죿
ʦүС׽Цǽһһ˼ҵм䡣
ȣ˵СӰסںŮһʱֻҪܼ֡㣬Ǿǳɹġ
ʦүһ߶͵͵ЦСӣһεҪȷְܼ㣿ڴ׺СӿҵӰ
֪ʦүƵӣһ˵ֻҪ㣬֤Լˣһ̧ͷǰôү϶ܼһġ
ŵĺܣƽʱôãǰҲֲȥⲻϹô
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ˣҲһ˭ıİҼҷ˳вĵЩеģŻͦġ
ܰŲԶļУʵһЩӵĽΪڣܶӣСҲһЩСġ
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Ϊܴ󷽣ɽ޵ء
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СƨӱˣȻԩľͲûޡ

ǡʱܰԶġˡץԼϱİ⻹Ҫá
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ܰȫСˡ̵үǲá


334 

ҵ飬һѻȼɳĮ
Ȼһͺһ׺˻ƣɿ飬Ҳϵִ
ŸȻŤҲʼˡ
ʦүֻһ֪
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Ůˣҡ裬ŵҡڡ
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ܰҲܲˣһšʦүŵ֡ǰ
ʦүӣˣǸСϱˡ
Զڷ趯еĳȻڿܰʱҲһ˿⡣
ƺֵͦġ
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Ǻߺ߶ʫʣָһ´ôʵʲôģһ֪ո¶˵иϲǲء


335 ũҿ

ˣˡֶܻܰʦү򣬱ϽԼʵļ嵲Ů˵ߡ
Ȼǲƽˣֹ๫˵ΪʦүҸŮˣһӵһô
ܰһɻؿСŮ˷ܵ۾Ҫ˵СŮһ쵽뷨ȷʵϡŹֵġ
һ⣬ǣô˰죬ء
ȣҲǲеġҾʦүǲͬġһʮˣҲ˭ĵġѡ
֪ǰЩ꣬ЩоĵˣҲйٵѾͷȥ̺
Ը⣬֣вٵŮǰ̺ġǣһֱġ
Щµĸǣ븮ЩСѾͷȣ
Ȼ۾һɣߵЦܰ˼˵СƯŮ˾Ͳˣ
ܰᣬŮˣôԽԽѲ˰һСľʹߡŮҪģܰ§ؼ磬ˣֻͨ˵뷨ȥġôֵ˵뷨ȻȫŮ˶벻ۡΨ㣬ıʦүͨ˰
ڱϴԼأȻһĿצӣˣ˵ҲеҾʦүĻһϱءôֺžһҲһҵġ
ŮˣȻƯĸ仨һģԲʦүҪĽﻨˣҸ΢Լֺƿصĸˡ긾˰йӣŮ˾ḻϧԼδ
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෴ģӵڵֻһпྡҲġ
ʦүˣСʱ͸շ
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˭룬ǰ˵ˣ


336 Ȳ

￳˾ˣҲǿеͼŪߡ
˵һӵ
ܰȻˤӡ
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ѵǷ˴󷿵˵ծô
һһ̸𻵵ĲӡºҪǰһһȳһһ϶ͱˡ
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ǲһҡһˣԽԽˡ
ܰԭǸˡΪѣĿľΪơ˵̱ߺܰھȫˡĿСصģϹ졣Щ죬ȻҲܹһҲҿǡܼҰҪܰ磬ֻԺ鷳ٵġ
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Ȼ߲ѣϽԲ
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ЩϤǣû¶˵֮ҹôô˫ϲĶ䶼ˡ
˵ʹ˫ϲ§ţҲظоı仯һʱ䣬Сˡ


337 ̶

ޣ§ңңҲˡ
İӸϽɿҲ§ˣҾǿƲˡ㣬Ҿչ˵ǣһҲǺõġ
СӼģһſߺˡ
˵أ
ѽ̶ӻˣһ˺ö˵̶ӡ
ҡȥ̶ȥ˫ϲߵһۣҲûա
ʵҲͰӴһ
ֻǣһ뵽ʹŻẦ£ֲҿġ
ڵ̶ҲƵ뺮ǡ
ֻһε̶е㲻һ
һεĲǴӺġǴͨ˺öļѼ㣬֮ࡣһöӡ˵Щȫǳ˴湺ûġ
ѽǴ¶ЩѼ֮ģøϽɵȥ
ӵǸСӣźÿεġҲӿŶϲĲˣٹҶǶ˵ء
ô˵Сӻûءǳ˵ĵ֣Ҳ֪ġôܻûס
Ǹû׵ĺСӡǺǵĹǴ󵨵ĺܣ˵Сûףһȫӿȥء
˫ϲЩֻۣǵЦ
⺮ǵŮǣȷʵǺţġ
ֻҪ۶
Ųɬزǰ
ΪӣǰҲӶࡣ
ƬطˣŮˣñ뺷һЩܴ
ΪںǵĵؽŮûŮ˵
˼ңŮж
ܾΪˣԲ˺ǹ뺷ԸԵʡ
ʼʱҲЩ׷˫ϲԼˣŲ˵š
˼ţ˫ϲǰϡǸǴӵĿܳʱ˫ϲɫ˲Ұס
ӵе㲻ͷĸ̧ͷ,Ҳ˻Ĺ
ˡ
ǰ˫ϲҲƯ
ʱٹҲǸڷŵƯĴһ
ƯŮˣںԺһץһѡ
ڵ˫ϲƯ˵ġ
ڵ˫ϲƺһ
һִӹɢţƤҲûǰںԺʱס
Щ͸졣
ֱֱͦģһ˫˸ĹԡǾʱĥ󣬲ĥĸš
ǸһֱҪ˶ֻǻȴ˵Ҳƶ
󿴼ԭΧԼһȺŮ˫ϲҲƶ
ڴϵЩСǣĽְĽؿƫƫ֪Լһһ
˫ϲһ˺öӣҪһЩϡء
سǰſ˫ϲ
Ȼ飬ҲĳЩġ
˫ϲֻǵЦǺȱЩҰһˡΧ˼Ҳ¶Ͻɻȥ
ⲻǵôֳĲء
һֱճյؿŸŮһģ߶˺üġ̳ܰ󣬾ͼûˡ
żһƯ˶ҲֻǾһ
㷵ģִŲȴֻʱڲйġ
󣬺þòľȣ˫ϲȴǵࡣɨһкͷϵЦ֣УȴҲ׶Զ
Īأ뵽ںԺ˫ϲ
ʱƯˡ
ֻС¹һ۾ĵش
ʱĲСĽӴСһͻɬشͷŤ½ǡ
üΣԼ뿪ճյվǶӰ
ģȻʹˡ
·ʲôĶԶȥٲ
˫ϲþò
ף˫ϲԭλµʶİܲܺ˵һ˲ġ
д󵨵ŮȻǰ˫ϲæǣߡ
ðھͿ԰æǺǵһ֦ƯҲ¸ҡȥʱһս˶ˣǰСӴͷҲ̧ġԸˬʡ
λǸµģһֱүµĵɽһʱڣʹǧ߼¼
˫ϲ渽ܣɤˬɾźǣȴĶˡ
ڳɨһǺ֮
˵ʵ˫ϲվһ֮Ҳȷʵǲʡ
ͬĺ죬쵰ϸ͸һˬ
ʱ֮Ҳ󵨵ؿһЦˣǵҪţ˵֡
ǣȴֻ鵭Ȼصͷ˫ϲ˵Цˣ˵ġ
֮ʼ磬ʧؿ̯֣ðɣòݶˡǸϲĹǸܲ˶ףǡ
ǸɾĲһ˿ˮ
˫ϲҲЩϧؿŸ󣬡ǺҪĹϧȴˡҲǺ¶ʲôʱ˴ҺҲ¡
شӣͼ￴Щʹ
ǣô˫ϲֻ͸ϵף
ٶȺ˼֣˫ϲЩƵصͷš
㡭˫ϲЩ¶ǸдŮȴԶһӰ
˫ϲҵİүء
ŶѽҲֵİɡ֮ǰ˫ϲڿԶʱĶˡһҲκ졣
ᵽҲࡣ飬ר¸İڣʵشϿ֪ģ˵ʹ
˫ϲҰѼļֽˡ
ү治
ٺ٣ϱԸ¶Ĳء
úãͦõġ˫ϲǰһˣ֣ĵ֡
һ£ּѪˡϱӹ
ӴӴѽôôӴŴôˣôĹǣզôŵǳ˵˼Ǻܿɳܵİ˫ϲҪõӴ
һ߶Ȥˡ
̧ͷſԶȻվŵĸ
Ц΢ͣǣ˫ϲȻ߬Ҳ˲䣬帻ЦŴкӴһѺİ·˰ɡû뵽һδģĴѺˣǸ簡Ҿ֪͵ˡ
˫ϲһٿԶĸЦŽӻŰ統Ȼˡ
ҲŶ⻰˫ϲСͰ˵ġ
ûֻ˫ϲڰһ䡣
۾Ź⣬ץ˫ϲֱһ߶ȥˡ
磬лˣãҺ˫ϲҲ׼ˡϣܲμǵĻߡ
˵ʲôȫûע⵽
ֻһ˫ϲҪˣ
Ǹһֱɬ۾ĿԼŮˣҪͱ˳ˡ
һҹܰΪ˽ӷϣһ̣Ϳ
;§Űһ뿪ϯλ
߳⣬һȭͷݺݵ˹ȥ


338 

硭ߵĨĨ졣̧֣Ҳ˸һȭͷ˰ɣ֪ˡ
ǣҺˣɰȷĿȢ˫ϲǺܰҵġֻҪԸ⣬һָͷŮ˾ͻʱߡҿл᣿
ȫǷ͵⡣ǣֻͬؿҡͷ磬һֱҺ˫ϲǶصĴڡǽ㣬Һʧ㲻ǰǸǰ緢ĸˡ෴ģ㵽Ǽ̱СˡҲ˫ϲǰ֣Զôߴô
£˵ôĻº˵Ļʱά㡣Ƕһ޶ĴڡҲϡǣֻڵ˫ϲںҡ
ڣҰϵŮˣΪĳ־ͺڣֻ˵Ұ۾ʹˡţ˫ϲˡ
Ĵˡҹķ磬е䡣
ģȴġ
磬˫ϲǸŮˣһصĵͷҵҡҲϣһҵһ롣
ûٺ͸ȥϵ˵Ļתǰȥ
һӰ
ĨС˶һĵЦݣ˫ϲ
ţʹô˫ϲ۵ظϵˡղţ˳ģų
˭룬ȴһĻ
󣬸˫ϲʱԭĲʣΪ˷ߺޡ
ǰһס뿪ˡ
ȵ˫ϲ˫ϲصߣͰ飬Ҳټƽϣһеİǻ㣬㣬ֻҪͺá
˫ϲȻ߬ŵض˫ϲ
ʱ䣬ػһļǿ
ǿʧ߳
Ȼ˵Ŀֶʹ࣬ʱȻЩȷˡ
Ͼ縻˵ģ˫ϲǳ
Ůǵһ˵ġ
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Ҫ˺ǣ˫ϲ񻹻ڸϡҲϤİˡ
˫ϲʹͷקק֣߰ɡӸ硣
һӸ磬ȴİĵĽ
һ̣˫ϲѡ
ûԥ
Ҳޡ
ĸĺǻĵȴȫֵõġ
˫ϲллѡҡ
߳Ժ󣬰Կص§˫ϲૡ
»Իԣů˱ŻŮˣеֻǸмů
˫ϲ˿ı
ʵЩ꣬Ӧ˵ллҡҪ߹꣬һǰһٴ档
Ҫ߹һЩլŮһֻ˶һˣΪ͵ء
ҪңҲ֪ҵҲԺܾɵġ
Щ꣬ү⣬ҪлˡллȥҲллѿʱ㡣ֻһȹ
ૣ˼ˡ
ؿŻĶҪŮˣһģӡϡϱҪ˵ллĻֻҪһԿۣҶԸ
Ժɬؿϵ¡
ͬڰҹ䣬ȴϣ۵ġ
ɫǺһļϡ
ʧȴˣգʧȴ
ʵӷֵʱ򣬱ע˻ʧȴģô
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𰸣֪һһõˣǸˣģõĵλ
˵ô
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µġһʶʱˣҲһԸⱻѺĴڡΪҷȥȡ¡ȻΪ£ȴ׬ǮͬʱҲӵһ󡣡
͸ڲǺˡ
ӵǵشĵ̺Ժ䣬һУȻԼ׬ġ
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˵ĺʽܼ򵥣ƴ׵ʱٷֳɡ
ӣƺҲķϲ˫ϲİɡȻЩʡ
ԣаɡŸģǸ֡ܰȵؽŻСŮˡ
ϵ˵ƣ˵ģһ˫۾ҲĶ顣ס糺Ĵ
ӣЪϢ˺ü죬ɫã̸дĺʱ򰡡
ܰд裬ǰϲд˵ġ
˵̫³ˡ
߿
ãͱһ߿
Ȼۣ죬֪ô
ڶ죬Ҳˡ
Сɥ˵һֱǹѸġ
ʹΪΪ˻飬㱻ܰΪСˡ
ѸΪեǣһֱڰųȻǷեǡһΰףӴҲ͸ˡ
˫ϲĵﶼˣҲһ硣
ɩ˲ôصǰЩ꣬˫ϲ˵ӻȥ˶˵ϵ
ڳףǼҲû֪ͨġ
ԭ˽ӣҲա
Ҳľˣ֪ЩѲ¶ʹա
ҵĴ˶ˡ
ȻҪֵأҪæġ
ǳʱ˰һ¶ʱ仹еġ
ºͳЦݵڳȻԺ档
ǰǳʶʲףһͻ汼߶
ںˣһȢϱ
ȵʱ˳ֻҲ϶ˡʱһ˶ʢѽ
Ǵʣ⺢ӿྡôҪʵ˴ˣĸǻϲĺܡ
ѽֻţϽϱȢİ治ȥ롣ȿڡ
ֵĳЦЦǹô˼ӶĿڽˣ㻹˲ɣ¹ôģ⺢ǵϲ¶۵ôһһأôһϲ¶ܽͰ
ǣҲã⺢ǵ¶ǵòٰҿҼҵϱҲͦõģۼҵӰͺ˵ˣѾͷ棬͵ľ˫ϲǺǣڿɺˣ⺢˳˳ҪȢ˫ϲΪϱ⵱İϣһء
˵¶겻ѡĩֲһ䡣ʵһֱֻһӡΪʲôҪȡϣһӰ̫̫ƽƽ˳˳عꡣڿֺáǸҲ˵ȡĺá
̫̫ͦ˵ģһɨعѶƣǻҲͶࡣ
ǺǺǣȷʵǺð˼ҴһܰүСҲɶ˶ܴŶ˫ϲûĻ˵һҲҪϲµĺҲȤ
λĳȻһȺ˿佱ԼҺӾûˡϽתƻ⡣


339 Ż

ȣ˵λǽأҪۺǵϲµġΪȥ¼ûϲ¶ӻЩˣ˶Ҫһ
ǰɣǺҲŻ˿Ҫ˵ӹĶ˳ģҲȻ
ҵأǾͰЩҪϲµˣȫڼڵʱΪǰѻ¸ˡأҲ⼸˳ѪɱͷһºǵˣСһմϲɺã
Ҫİϲ¶ɻʡ
ԣҵ˼Ǵһˣ󲮣ǾأҾǾðɣȫ˵ף϶һҲһİ˵ˣһϲ£ԺЩҲԶ߶УҲһϲµһĹϵȦӡˣҲȫǵմһǵϲǾÿɺã
Ȼ˫۷ŹὨ顣
⼯񰡡
һһԵߵ⵱ǰϵףȻǴԽŮõģģأһֻһףǡ
Ļ񣬰һȺֵĲҪҪġ
ģҿҲаһһԵĵȥ죬ʱ򻹵ŶԷˣáǺͬġ
Ϊ׵ʱһ˵ǳ׵ˣòҪײϡ
һײϣһЩҪȻһ
ʤʲôġһȻһ˺ᵢʱ򰡡
˵ˣ񣬸оҲͦӱġ
Ȼż̫һ¶еԼδϱųȻġ
У¶ͽȥ졣ҪôԸһͳɣǶĻġ
⣬ٺ٣ãҪ¶Ҳ뵽һ㣬ҵóţ
ʲôлŰҪ¶ļˣȫǵĳ
ȣҾǺһϰͦáǲѹﵱҲжƺܲǺǵĹҲҪһѡȨ
װҲиȨ
йôǼǣг˵ȵȣȻںϸ˵󣬵ȥˣٵһʱ˺еĻԼ
һ˳ףɳϣԼ峤֮һָֽٰӡýŵ˰ӡ󣬱ǳɹ˵ġ
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һӵ˵ٸĸÿˡΪȻĿʣҲΪǰ룬Ժö˻ͬһ
ʲôĸȻҪ˵飬ǸŵһһӡȻҪˣΪʲôǵõָֻ֤Ҫ˫ͬ⣬¶ǳ˵ġ
˻֪ġ
ƹȥʱҲ˳ĺܡ
ֵʱ򣬺ǵǰǻСģذݼһ֮ġ
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һᣬܰɫ΢͡
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ǻֻʡ¶
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Ȼ֪˵ˡ
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ܰս֣ĸĻš
ϱһᲹġһ죬Ҫһ¡صĻ񡣡
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⻺һĹ򣬳Ȼľĺࡣ
ȷʵˣľ޺÷˲ȥ
ųţ÷ĸЦ÷㡣
λһƷƼҵ㣬˵ǰʱæⲻ˵Ҫˣء񰡣ҿͦģе㲻ýӣԼȥɡ
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Ҳ֪Ϊ¡
ʹһӽӴԽ࣬Խϧڵ
ΪϧԾǸ˵İС£һḲˮա
裬ˣЦӭǰʵҾ;һ˵ģκε¶Ҳࡣż¶Щ˶ֻΪ˳ļءҿѽ÷㿴źƯİĽɷˣ˼ҲӴ
˵ĬȤ÷㻹ǴĲġ
÷ĸ˵׽ȥһ߶˹дˡ


340 ͻ

˶æţҲѯһЩ¶
ˣ˵һҽ²ҪǰĴ̽أЩ˶ȥˡ˵˿ǧġٴԻµģţҲһﰡ˵˵⵱ôֵǮôûأǡư
⻰÷뵽Ȼ֢
ץס˾һһץס֣˵˵һλҽǰˣ
ǰ˵ǣܼ÷㣬ôˣǼ¶
÷ʹصͷҡͷǸֻ㣬ǲǶһЩ֢ʲôرЧ
԰רſһЩ֢ġһĲءͨ˷ð֮ģѹͲġ
רſ֢á
ǲʲôˣ֢֮ҪУҲ԰æһµġãʶλһλסæſ³ɵġ
ô裬¶ܿɣһмġ÷㼤֣˵˻Ͻ뿪
԰͵Ժˣ÷ŵߵߵȻԺȥ
ȻܰϢء
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÷㰡ڿҪ׵ˣôܰ
׵ʱ磬ءˣ˵һ¶ġôһרſ֢ĴѰ˼ţⲡ֢Ҳϸ磬ȥλ򿴿ȥɽҪأǻˣԺžô죿
һžɰѳȻŻˡ
۵ëƺҲˣҲͷҲգ¶Ҿ͵ǳ׺󣬱ȥˡ
ţ۾˵ˡ
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Ӽ飬ܲɹġһӻ³ˡλƺƿص˵ţһЦתһóһֻĵӴһᣬһֻɽһСֽϵϣḧ˸ȥɣǶȥ
ʳϣžؾʹֽߡ
ЩȻ̧ͷգƹģҾãӻִ̫ˡ
忡ƹ⻰üЩõؾ裬裬ڵľƺеıˣ¹ô˵ǵӡֻҪԼξͺá
賤̾һ֪ǵľˣǲر˵ȥġôļãҲǳʱˡҲףӿԻĸõģΪʲôǵִһ϶עһ۵ϣ㾡һİ氮ô
һ仰忡ƹҲȻ̾ҡͷִɡҲ޷Ȱ˵

˶һۣ˴ﶼΡ
忡ˣԲšΪһԸͷˣοࡣһ˴ԸģŵĿ꣬ô
忡ŰӦţͷԼ̡
ˣˣ忡ҲģҲȥǶԷ򸾸ļͼɡҲ֪ôģͼ׶һ㣬ǿأʱ̫٣ҪаŮҿһ
㲻Ҫֻ
˳мȥ
ڽǵʱ򣬳ȻܰһƬĳءƽʱΪóгΪҵĻڡ
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Ǵ͵Ļۼ
ǵĵһʽļڣҲС
ڴʺͶʵ˵ļڼ֮С
յļ룬Ϯһ˵Ĵͳ룬¡ضԴġ
ΪһشĻԺܶׯƧĴׯ˹
ˣĶǸȨԱ
ԼȻѡģһЩشͻԱ
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˶̨֪ܵȥźǵִʦͨʦһ߼ȦӣǶǸ
Ϊ걻ѡӣ̧ͷͦأرׯµظִʦ
ˣÿ˵ϣͷϣ߲ʵëϣͿĨŨصɫʡ
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ܸŴʦŮǣϵƤȹӣϰŸյëбĶ֮ġ
ΧڣͷҲһЩݣë֮ģеϼͿһɫʡûƤȹӵġһҲ̨ʽμӼͬĵطϾܸŴʦߵˣǺǵϣк˶ֵصˡ
꣬ϣҲܸźͨʦһ롣
Ľ˫ϲаʦǡǵĹҲȷʵͦġ꣬Ҳϣվ̨ȥ
ǴҲһλͻ׵̨ءСӴӵ֪ڴı󣬱һ˻ⲻųɽ磬躮ǣһξȻҲΪͻ߸źͨʦĽ
ѽǴ廹û˲ŰֻмλǰУҵŬȡվ̨ȥ
̨µĸڣǫ̈̄ϵԱ
Ľ֮飬ĳȻЦѡ
ܰСֶӣҷ̫黬ˡȻһС伫ش̼ʿһǵ˸ŬϽǺǽĸù
Ȼ׿ѵ㲻Ը⿴һĻ
ܰﻮȦӣ˫欵ȻؾˡһȻڰʾǷ¶Ѿģʱ򰡣㻹롣
ӣĪˣֻڰʾ㣬ֻҪĺãҲάġ
˵꣬޳ָỮֱ
̸оóȻһ¡˼ԶΣյĻ˺󣬳Ȼ㿿һ߳˷۵㡣
§һһʱ򣬺ҧظ룬Ůˣǿɳܵġ
ٺ٣ĽʺţҪĽٸһһҸҿǸ¶ӳľҲͦõİ˼ȻǸСϰ壬˿ϸɣҲͦõӡؼģǶۼһһð˵ǲ
ᵽ¶ӣϽ̧ͷԶ
ǶһЯһλϸڿء
ƺǸоעӣ¶Ҳʱ̧ͷ߽㡭
¶ĳٿ
Ůˣڿˡ
ϣ˵Цݣȴյصͷ
Ųء
ǣһ͸ճƤһճŲţĺ˶ãڸһһҵء
˼治˺ò
⻰ҲĽˡǸ¶ӵ˼ôģҲܡ
úõһˣҲĿܳ
ͷҲѣȴһҲɼҡִò˼飬οĹŴ
ĽǳܼأϤ󣬸Ǽͳͱһ


341 뷨

Ҳ֪ôͱʣͻںͬʱֶһһá
˲ˣڵһǰǸƯŮˡںҲ³࣬ǻᱻ˳谮ĴڡڶɶģûԵ֡
ӰԹҪҲڵҲȢϱѽ
¶ӲŵڼһֱܵĹϡ
¶ӵǻ벻⣬ǺȢЩͨĹҶӰ⻰ɰѳ¼ҰЦ
⺢ӣ˵ЩҲˣҾͲӦúҵָһŮ˸㡣ԭΪǸõģ룬ȴǸ
ᵽ£¼Ұž̾
йڶӵĻ£ǾԵεġ
ҪǵǿҪֶָŮӣҲᱻŮ˵ٲ׵ġ
ŮԼֵ֣Сûˣӳȥƴ˼꣬󣬾ٲŮ˽׵¶Ϊ˳¼Ұſǲģھεĺܡ
ٸһء¶ҵĴǸŮ˷ǵ¶Թǡ
֪֪أ뵱ôǵͬⴺҽأҪҺܾһ£Ҳǿеİ
ңǵͳ¶ӳײһѲŮӡ
ΪҵΪֹ¶ӵ
ǵĲҡͷ̾˰˵ҵһֱ˵ϱŪġһ˵˶˵ü˶Ŀھ϶ǳ¶Ӳඡ
Щۣ¶һֱЦ֮
ǲＱ
֪Ϊ¶ӵ⣬ǹѸҲûԸ޸ġ
ͬʱȻҲ¶
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෴ģʱҲ˹˵񽻻㣬ֻǵȻصͷʲôҲû˵ϸ뿪
ţҲò󡣡
ˣǲεļĵ
ɫ̺ΪĳȻǲģһźܰԸġ
׼һߵ̵̺ˣ󣬶һ飬˲չһ̿һ̺
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÷ľ޿⻪ĵ̺ٿϴŵϲ£Ȼֲ½ŵĸо
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ϲܰһ¡
ɳȻѵĺǵϲֶӣϲĻ
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Ϊ˳Ȼʾɻ󣬡㶼û飬ôסˣ
㵱ʱֻǵһЦǻ𣬳Ȼ֪ˣʵĻǿΪһӵġ
ʴǰӶŽ쵱ϲͯһӵĻÿһһСʻꡣ
÷ں̺ϣֻ㱵ĸо
滶õؿߵĽӡ
һĴϲ·ԽϲԶĵ͸졣ԭģƲۡ
һ̣һֳ嶯᲻ϣ
ǶһԵͯӣĶʮŶԣҲͯӡӴͳһĴɫԽOͳһŰɫۡ
ôһһԵϺɫ̺Χ۲˵ź
Ȼվһ߶ţʱʱصһ£ιôȥҼֵ
Ůˣ۾ë˰ɣǵڶʮһԵܳòáǸӳͦͨġ˵òݣôأ
ȥЦ㰡ҿԵǼʺò˵λȻĲôƯǸĵĺð˵˳ȥϹĸչˣ˼ҹ΢һֱšԼĿҪˣҲչĸסⲻСӻ󣬾͸ˡҪ˵Ҳصƿˡ
㲻мߣҿֻŮ˾ǿࡣ
ӰҾûԼġǹĲãôõӣҲùȥǶϵģõӣҲֲܿǣ㰡ȻǱҧģҲ̫δġкˣһ°ɡǣҲٹġ
Ʋ죬Ĳûз
ÿǰһԣʦүԵѯһ**Ը⡭
**Ůʿ
ôӱĻƣǺǵ˲ġ
ңЩߵӣɹ˵Ը⡱ʱһ־ر۶
һЩƯӣڽ˵Ը⣡ʱһǷؼС
Ҳд󵨵ӣľޣʦү񸸻еʱѾͷһ䣬Ը⣬϶Ըİ
ֿٺٵɵЦ
̨µŹЦ
һЦľ޲ŷԼӻ̫ˡѾͷѵõĵ˵˻Ǻ̵شյʸǰס֣ҾԸ⣬ǳǳԸ޸Ϊҵ⣬˶áҺǣһӡ϶ĻҪɬΰ
ԭЦŵĳȻ㶣㱬һ
Ҳһӭ
ˬֱСӣö˹ðõһ˶
үһģҼϱҲ˭۰ֺǺǵؽӻսľ޵֣һ
ңҲҼϱõġ÷㣬һǣһϡҲ󣬾ȻҲڱ
Ƥǳһ÷㣬Ȼɬ̧ͷ˴һ۵΢Ц
ɹһãԶڱˡ㻹ϣһﲻԲզ
װɣҴһ仰һ̬ô˵
С΢ϲ㡣
ϱҪҵһͷϡ
ϱֻһӡ
ޣ˵ɶأӣ˭ѧģ
ⲻС㶯ľ˵ôͦ˳ģоҲͦãǺǣϱ㲻ҾͲ˵¡ҪҾ͸Ŀڳӡ
ޣӣ˵ĳӰɣϲӡ

̨ϣ˺ЦѣȻȴסزĵطϵȥٻǰֻܰĺȻȻȻȻ
ܰ§Ż۾ŮˣŵĻҲûˡ
򣬸Ͻд
ڳĴȫӿ


342 йƶ

ȫǵĴ˶κ󣬶ҡͷӦûİǣôεأ
ȻεˣңҲѡ
֢״ܰĲѡ
žΧԸ뿪
ʦүųȻǵɫӡǡ
Ƕһɫ
ǲϸֻһЩı䡣ǣʦүȴüתȥ档
һĹʦүһźܿݵϸˡ
ʦүܰͷֻ¶һ˫۾Ŀݸˡ
ϣɢһŨϢϢӶԶ
üŮˣֱôˣܲϲ
ϸһ߶ԣһ߶齱ߡ
Խһ㣬ϸ̧ƿͷŮ˵
һϸ˻ŵ̧֣ëס
˼ССۡ
ξĴ۾һ˿̣һҧǰһקסϸ˵ţҲµġ治£κôҡ
ϸ˿žɾӣۻһ˿̡֣Ҫ˿ԼһĿ֣ɬЦ˻ȥ
ţССȵȱ߶վŹſ˵
ܰһֱڴŹֵĸˡʦүʦүֻҡͷʾȵţһ˵
ϸ˼ĺϸ
ǲ鿴˳Ȼָף󣬸·زĵط
ĿܰЩż
ϾǿҪ˽ģڡоء
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ǿȥһֵģΪ¶ôȥˡ
ȻȻȻˣضȻԲѡ
ʦү֪ǴӰˣǸ壬óľ¹ơܲɣеľǹ֢ңԤⲻĻƽ飬Ǵϴݸġ
ͨңܰʣЩӦΪ£ȻȻ£һ̣Լ¡
˵ֻǹƽ壬ֹƣͨ޼ĶٴݵġҲУֻĹҪ΢ĶࡣڵһڲƳֹƶ
û˵ȥǻǵȴڸܰǲƶȻɡ
ƣ޷ѹŵһ仰ܰ׵ץˡ
룬޽֮ʱͳƳô
޷ѡڵĹƶڴﵽ˶㣬ңͬƣ¹֮¹֮ˣ˼ͬƣǹƶ棬Ǽһˡȫǲܲ˵һֹƶ
ҪβƽֹƶܰҧԷڴ˴ܸģŮҪҩ
ֹƶǶܾ˵Ĺƶ¹֮˱Ҫԭżİˣһ˱ŮˣֹƶתƣһϡգٷֳĹƳ棬ºѪʧյ»ԡ˵һڽʵֱƳɾѪ壬άŰǲˡǿƽšԺÿӻԾʱ򣬾Բ֮ҹͻᱶܼ尾ǻԲѣҲץӸΣʹ
ܰĿѣҪ
ʦүϽץס֣ܰ侲һ㣬ȥסǵġ
ܰһѹŲԶžӣ֪ȻĲ֢Ȼȥ
ܰҲǣݵţһ̣ĻšǾʧӣһҲġ
ھۣһһţҪ
һ̣Լ
ҲǾԲѹۣ޷ܵġŵһ仰ñپץסһ˿
Ҫξ
ģҵûǰկȥһʦУаԵĹƶƳġʦ϶Сֻڴ֮ǰҿʩҲµѡǣȴǡ
˵Щֹ
˵ɣҪǮҪģֻҪУҶ԰쵽ܰﻮһ˿ʹʧȴȫ磬ҲԸʧ
ӵ¶Ҫ㸶ÿ죬ܶιѪϾ弸ĹƳӺܻԾƶý֮ԾѪ棬Ƿȱ˲١ÿҪιһЩѪ
ÿιѪôܰЦˣЯĵӣھιɺã
ٵҪŵĸϽֹһû˵ôʼءɵÿǺˡѪͷţҲһܵ˵ġһȥҵʦ˳һҲö¡˳µ²ܻķѪܳܵģ
ûʲôܳܵģ޷ܵʧȴģһһֱȫĸӼġӿǰߴˣղŻȻˣһʧȫȫ޶־ӡ
һ̣Ѫǿܳڵ٣дﲻĳڿŴϵŮʱָֻˮ
ʵһɡ
˰ˣһ˺õķϣȥʦɡ
ţžһȥɡȥŵʦҪףҲҪõһֱڷѪȭͷͻȻ£ҲŹ£ŴȥڼػҲҪȥ
Сһ˵ţؿͷʵϵļͷһģԴϾ˼顣
ӷŶϵİģѽôô찡⺢ӣʦǲ˵ġһӣľˡСˣʦҲӦİ
԰ţþȥɡŮˣȻС˵㣬ʵŮˡֻҪðŵʦ˼ҵġ
СҲҪͷŵİŸϽСһﱧʶԼȫЩÿƤ·ʱεҪ
Сһץס֣ţЩƣ¡ʵһЩƤĻôϰҲµġǰţ϶˲ٵĿ࣡Ǻǣ˵ǺǾͲ۵ġ
һֱûжŮķŹˣµ¶̫࣬ѹͲкӣжŮ


343 

ԶھôĺӣֻĽ
ˣѾͷȥһȥС
ǣ뵽СƢ˵ִ֡
ҪȥҲİȥ󡣰ŵʦƢãǰţô죿ﶼķѲʱ䣬Ҫȥ󣬱󡭡
ֹܰǣ齵ĳȻȻ졣
ҿþһȥɡҶʦ˽⣬ѾͷȥˣһáϾ㵱ʦġֻһȥǸǻ˵ҶǸ̫ŵ˽⣬ϲľǴСѾͷϰ
ʦүʱȰ˵
⻰һһǡϲǣϣ
ǵǣһ̫ſ˾ʱǵСѾͷô졣
ˣҾ͸һѧСһ죬ֱ˶
СһȴѵطšһֻҪѧ˹ƶ֮۲˵ģǾﲻ˵ôѧĶ࣬Ҳð¶Ҿòǻ¶
ϻοǲĵȰ䣬ǣһѧ˹ƶ̫֮ҲģȫֳªĻƿô죿ʱɼ޲ˣɺӰ
ʵƶ֮ˣ˵˾Ͳܳӡ
ǳͶ򽻵ȫ£մȾһЩĶö֮ģҲͻˡ
ȫӿݵģ̺ĵԼǱ˿Ҳôȥء
Ϊѧƶ֮ˣǲԸףƢŹ߾Ӷࡣ
ӵƢʵҲŹֵĽ
ΪʦүжԲŻԾһкøС
£ֻҪܾˣҲѧʲôġǱĳªһ㣬һһν
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ԷЩծܻỹģ
Ӵˡ
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һߵŶ۾һֱž֣գ³һ䣬ҹС㡭
Ÿԣһҽнġ
СѾͷЦûûεģȴܰʦү˺ۡ
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ϱҪأ㿴ɫôãɲãҷ硣ɹ̫ȥϱۻǰЩˮ˹
ģ忡ŵ˱ϱԺȥ˯ڴϲֻҪ꣬Ҳ챧ȥ洵磬ɹ̫֮ġ
ϱǰµõ廨ʢأ˵ˣҪֳöԺŪȥǺǣѽôɶ¶ӡΪԺöӣΣС
ܰ˵ţһϲشŮ˻㱨
˵ЦţѪ
δصֱЩɫҩĭѪ͸ճɺֹܰͣԲΪ
ϱιԲóԵˡȻ˵㣬ΪԺԶӣǳ˰ɡ£ΪһԿࡣ
˵ţҩ貸͵Ů
ǰ÷㣬һĻֹסص
ʷסǹȥա
š
ҩȫȥ̧ܰͷȻؿŴʶˣϢô
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ҵˣΪ¶Ծ͵һЩǣңǰҲ׼һЩ
ţ˵ɣҪ׼Щʲô
Щҩֻǰ׼šҪ󣬻õ˲֪
á
ܰӹӣϲûֻ̫ϵŮʱŻˮ
ǵ¶˫ϲͰﻤšǸг¶ӵģҲܺǵĽ¶û뵽¶˻Ǹ˲šöطһͨȣҲ۵ġ
ţǣµ飬ǶõġȻȻںЩҪš
ţ¶ԻĵġҲĪҪģѪĶöȣȻȻָء
ܰͷնңԶ֣ʾȥ
֪˴ţק÷뿪
߳Ժӣ÷㻹Ĩᡣ
ԴӺʹʳ׺Խϧڵ
ųȻºܰĮȻнŰƵػ﷢šָо⺮ǣֻҪˡ
ǸԼνӡ
һ뵽Щ÷ĩľ㱦̫࣬ȻѾͷġ㲻֪ȻˣǰǶΪܵ飬ܰ쵽
Ун죬Ҳָ·߳ġҵܵĴڣÿΣգҲữΣΪġ
˵棬ҲЩȻ
ʵһγȻǰȫһ
һйƣ˭֪ôأ
֪ҲתġֻϣǸҽɡ
÷̾һ
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ʱǡ
죬Ǿͳȥǣһܷ£ȫָˡ
Է׵λʩʩȻһߵʹͷһӡ
ԷҲգһϴƱϡ˵ֻҪһΣĸȫ顣Ҫģ㻹һʵ롣ȵ˴ˣͲΪƶֲΪ
ɨһߣԷת뿪
߿ϵƱղֽӹ
ҽ߽ʮ꣬󣬻ҪЩ۵¶
ǵĵԽԽãЩأׯڳҲЩطԲһЩʦүڣҲᱻõġЩðʦ˵ЩÿкԺƬأᱻƺõġһƬë֮أҲɷֳҲ֪λ᲻ư
ܰ˵Ž顣
ڳȻܶˡҲͶࡣ
Ȼðڴǻڳ¶ϾѪڡ
ҲܶһĿڡ
ÿλϱ˵¶
Ŷˣҽ쿴Ǹ¶ء͸˵ģ¶ȷʵǸ˲š
Ǹ˲Űû뵽Ƹӵһ飬棬ԴܸķġҿദʽͦŤġ
㲻֪ΪԷ¶ֳһܡ
ǼƣаݶҲһƽʱͦ˵һˣô͸أ
㰡ǲ֪Ůڿˡ
͸ըҩƵģû¶ͺ˶죬ưɶġ治֪ǰһЩǶ಻ͷ
үλˡ
Ŷ
֣ܰȻսﻮһɫ


344 ŭ

վһߵ÷㿴һĪǣλүʲôգ
ǣûʲô°
λִ⣬Ͳٽˡ
һβģźʹʳȥλҲĴ˵ȷʵйҽר֢֮ˡ
÷㣬˵λǳǸһƷ͸¶ôڲأܰ㵭Ȼ֮
ǣүȷʵġһˣΪ
͹һЩҾߣзĵĲȥǶҲϤһصģЩɶ¶Ҳ͸©һһΪ˵̵ĿۣһλҽһγţҲģרŴˡȷʵвڴţ˵λǸר֢֮ˡ
÷㲻̧ͷֻǹػػ
Ȼ޸˴ʣܰǰܻ㷲£кβ¶šȻĻûΣǷ򸾵¶
ţ߰ɣһȥӭλ˵еĴ򡣡ܰɫ̧Ժȥ
һγУһλͽܡ
ݵϣһ˫Իǵ۾ȴ͸¶ûϡ
ܰʱҲֻǸ߰վǶ
ΪҽԼĽ
ݹ٣ĳҡ롣ܰȭ˸
ףһߵͽ
ԺӺʵ߾ڳȻϡ
֮ǰӵ﷨һ˻Ϊˣû·Ҳϸǵɫϸߡ
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ˡǵòˡһֹơֹƣͨƽ鴫ݶġ˹ơѳ
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ԡʿһߵˡ˻ͦġ
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ܰȭͷȻ߬ޣɱ⡭
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ʮô뷨ʩúǲʲô֢
ɫ䣬ǡеġ
ţ˵
Լ˵ʶһ¡Ӻˣһλ߻Ҫѹ
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ţǾͷʩɡһؽлġ
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ʩ֮ʱҪõһЩҩ˵ַһֽҩ
ɨһָۣﶼУܰʾȥϢ
뿪Ųź͹һ˹
ڴʱ˾һ߶ŵġ
ǲ¾˴Ρ
¿ų˯ĳȻ۾һ죬סûҿ޳ǰս֣ȻѾͷģġ۶ء
ŶŴϵŮ˲ûжСȭͷ߬Ľģֱָܰ˸ԴϣСһתߺߵȥϰȥˡ
Сү˰ɡ
ǣŲϴĻ
Ǿƣۺҧϰš
ϴתȥܰ
ˣСүڳӹǣôûƵϰȥġСС꣬Сʱ˸Ժɾ鷳ѽ
ܰҲǴСϰˣвֵ֪ġ
ҪǿҪǿҪǿ
СŲǰԼ뵽ܶ飬ٵ¶һͨ
ΪԼǸܵĴڡ
ȻʵȴʲôҲС
š
ǡʱܰ
Ųõü˹ȥ
˵һС磬һ㣬ʲôõķ
ͷŵϵ磬θһ㲻ˡ
ţԣθһ㣬Ȼ͸ˡǣ뿪ܴôǸĺӣ㿴ܡûУΪ¶Լѹ᲻أ
֪ˣ˵ǣȡңҲӦһֱϰȥΪһᱣġ
֪ͺãҪСӣҼġ
źܰС
ݺһڰڵϡ
Ϣ
УǻϾ˵Ҫͻʹһͬгĵطȴ͸¶
һƷҲЩĶ׼ɾķ䣬Ҳˡ
һƷˣһΡ
顭һ죬ڵء
ӰŶһ£ūס
һ㣬Ǹ˵Ҳи֡
ǡСס'
ǳµϢڵ㴫￪
һʱڣʥҲ֪
ԲѣвǺµ£
ϲõۡ
̽
ȵȥ̫ܹܲһϡ
ܹܰ˵ò׳һλ˲ţЩô͡
ʹˮȨ棬ȡ
꿴ųȻܰѺܶ಻ܵĺģ⵱ϵҲ˵ϣ˭ôõһ˲ţȴ¡
Ҳ̫ܳȷʵǸ˲Űһë֮صĺǣȻ˷֮ءھǲ˶λˣ˵Ǹ֮ġ
ȷ˲ŰҪ˵İȫУҵεԭϱ
ǡ
ܹܿŻĵ̾һ
ܰܺתֻ»»ع龩ˡ
ںǣʵҲҵһֿ˰ɡ
һףܹġ
Ӫˣߡ
ʵﻮһâ
Ȼûϸ˵ȴƾоһ¼Ӫ顣
ӣ˵ܰ˭ץ
˵Ӫˣ
ӪľȼԭΪ飬ܰˣ뻹ôβڡ޵ԱҲǳصİɡ
ǵģЩһֱֲȫүҲû֮ˡһֱͼ
ҵŰɡ
϶𴺲һڣţ費ɣ
ǰϣүġ
ˮɳ裬ⴺζǵүıѽĺڴ߰ɣҲȥǿҵ֪Ƕʲôˡ
ǣϡ
ܰôҲ뵽һԼײ֮󣬻ṴûǰǶ
ֻǣѲôҲð֮ãﺮǡҲúü֮ˡ


345 ̹

Խˡ
ˣҪѰŮ֮Ѫ֮˵Ѫô
ˣޱȵ⣬Ҳˡ
ϴЩһضʱֻޱȡ
˼Ҵ˵ҪõЩҲҪ׼Ųô
ʮ֮Ѫ⡣
һܰѪ
һ׼ȫ
ʿʼЩѪڳȻϻ
Ȼ˵ǻܰȴЩг̵·ߡ
ģʵһַѨλѹƳ
һе֮ͻȻӵʹȻĽġ
ۡ
һɫѪ
վһߵſѪϸСĳ䶯
СһԱȳ˼ᶨ࣬չҲǸСӡ
ôµĶŵһ
ϴһѣܰǴͷβĺܡ
Ѫתǳɫͳɫ
ˣһӦת
лˡ
һܰǷĵظмһ
ȻԼ˸Σ߰Ķ
ģǺɫ

һʱغһߵܰս֣ȻȻȻȻ
ף˯˶ðԺ۾ȻҡҡͷֻԴس
ûãûãͺãͺù
ֻǣûӦ㱻§˻
ȻȻá
䣬һĨʪ䡣
Ȼһſеļ볶һĵЦο
ȫȴʹޱȡ
ֱ˺һܰɿ˻ˡ
˰ɣȥΪ㰾ࡣ
ţͦġȻĶˡ
ңֶǶ˼һ
ܰݣű˽
ղЩɫĶ󣬻ȥһ

СĺУĳȻĶˡ
ӴҼҶ֪ѽ
ҪǾԲȻߴյġ
ϾŮ̫ˡ
ǽ첻һ
ȻһСһ˹յա

ԼȻֵģ
µʱ򣬾Ϳĸӵͼ
һʱ䣬Ĳᡣ
÷Ȱοȥɣ˺ˡ
ĸһסȻѾͷ֪¶⺢ӶСѾͷĺܣ֪Ϊˣȥ˱Ҫֻܲ˵ġ
ᵽ֮أ÷Ҳŷ
ǵطСȥĵض˵Ǳ߶ŽԽвͣһСľͻ̵ĵضѽ
ֻϣǼҾ鸣죬ܰȻعɡ̾һ챣ӡ֪ǰѾͷԼŮġ
Ǹо仰֪ʲʣ÷Щԥ
ºһۣĳֱܼңǾܼҵˡһˣɶʵģ㰡øľѧһ£ǺӽŶ졣㿴㣿ôЩصģ￴Ŷ۵Ļš
÷㺦ߵصͷӷᣬж֮£ͰѵȹԼ˵˳
˵ɣģ¶Ҳ㵱Լҵˡ÷˼ȥԵأѵԼ˾ȵ¶˵˳
ģʵҽӽʣҲǱоĵġ
Ȼ⻰ɫ৵طסûɿ֡÷԰οһ㡣
Ұٹ֮ǰ˵˳
ģҼʵΪһݵۣԱĳȨʲôɸץˡһҲڽͷΪơ
ֱ˾ߺһֱ㷲ġʲô¶
º󣬸Ǳɵֻҽӽʡ˳ȻߣҡңĲôĶɣԡ
÷ĻĶˡ
ǰĴϱ
ͷӦ˵Ķϱ
˭ϱȴǱоĵؽǼҵġԭ򡭡
뵽Ȼ£뿪絶ʡ
߿Ҿ
÷Ȼ
չ飬ôõ˼ңԵô
صʲŻЪϢˣǰ§Ҫȡ
𡭡ʣңû÷
ͷһﻹ˵ôࡣ
÷㡭ĺƯ
һĴϢ
ֱ¶÷㻹ûſ
ϱԣҲ֡
ϱզģ
÷ԺͲôõһˣľͺĻš
ɰɰµ䡣
ϱôˣ˵˵˭۸ˣ
÷ҧͷ
ϱ˵ȥˣ˭ĪǡɶԵİɣ
÷ϽĨᣬ˵˵ʲôأұ׹Ůءһμȥҵﻹ佱ң˵ҵ˸ȥǿ佱ĺܡ˵أϣ׼ĸô˿ɲࡣѽԺҲöѧϰһءﻹ佱˵·ÿҪһأҪô磬Ǹغõ˶ҵҲˡ
ԭҪ˳ԷĹ⻰ҡͷѾͷʵͦõġ
ˣһҲĹҪң˼ңһЩܼ¶ҲӦġҺ⵱ŵĸжǰ¶˵˳ҪԺ󲻶ɶ鷳¶ء
¶һúܰ˵һȥһЩһԺɶ¶ǲǲȶˡ
ҲǸжɵģ뵽ȥ
ֻǣǣһϢܰȻƽ
㲻⣿
ܰһЦζҡͷ⣬Ȼ֪ڹҲ̹ף͵²ɡǰһģӦôôš
һƷǡ
´֣˼ǣ飿Ǵ˵еַˣһɡ
ܰĳӿλ˷ܵĲЩˣȻ֮Իеѡֻ£Ҳλеϵɡֻǣ˲ĸŮģô͸ĸŮĸŮأ
ȻȻҲա
÷ĵش󣬱ֱȥ
ַ˶÷ڹʱƤһȡֻ£ղűǷ֮¶Ҳ֪ˡһŲԼ
뵽Щ÷㼱ĶҪˡ
ɵվǸϽѷȥ׼ԷѽҲҪء
µŵ÷ϽĨᣬǣͰڷ
̧ͷĵɨһ۹£ߵһɫȴ÷ѹĪǣĹȣǳ׵ġҪ˰գ
ˣ۾һ죬ˮֵ
ԭǴҪһϱġ
ɿ۾죬ӣﻹݵ
һۣѾͷû˵Ҫ㣬ôϸŸҿޣҪ̫Ű


346 ҡ

÷ŵɷ̵̻ҡְͷǵģ˵뷨ҾǡǾҪ뿪ǣѰ
㣬÷㣬Ҫ뿪Ǽҵǲǣ˵ôþءлܺú˵ôôӵϱأпǹҵĸô̫öʧˡ
ʱʾȻŭسͰ÷Ź£һ
ԭĹ,¿ˡ
һѽˮưڸð⻹ûôأͰѴȫˡǡ
÷ŻˣϽקסʣʣҺû⡣ң⡣
˾ô֣Խ˵ԼʾԽĻɡǿѹŭ𣬴յǰǲǾ÷ˣĲԹңٺ٣ԹңҲԶʱž
⻰Ҳ˵ĳ
ˡ
÷סʵ̫˰ôһᣬ¹ԼˡϽĿ¡
һԶֱԼ˶ˣǸָ̾Ŵʣڿ֪ˣ˼˵ϱȷʵǴڵġСӣ͵ϱﰡÿˡ
ɶ÷㣬ܼˣܼҵˡ
ҹǰ˭ˣܼҵϱ
ǰˣٸ㣬ҲĪҪæǣӦЩ¶һҪ֧һ
ȻѾͷһӣǾڵѽõһˣǱ˲ɢҿŰĶµĻš
˵棬Ҳû˼˵ȥ
÷ĴˣţǲԼǰһĴԼ
ȫͿˡ
⻰ģƺ¶Լϱϡ
ϾҲܵˣĻҲһЩͷ
ɫԥض÷㣬÷ϣ˵˵ӽҡǲǱоĵģ
÷һ
û뵽д˹
˵ġ
Ķˡ
㶵ؿ÷㣬˺þãɤ߿Ҳ뿴㣬⼸죬ǰ֡Լһ˿ʹġת뿪
Ǳֱ÷³һƨɵڵ
ңٴȥ죬÷ҡ
÷ĸŮʧǵģϽץסѯզġ
÷ֻҡͷĪˣĪʿɺã
÷ĸҲһֱȫ¶ء÷㱻˾ˣָһҲǲġŹŮò˺õɲŮҸƻ
ǼչһʯͷڿŮҰ׵ʧʣĪǡǼ鱻֪ˣ
÷ѹصͷɤӣҺ̹״ӿˡҲƭһȺҼõˡҲȥʡʿҵİ
һ뵽뿪ʱǿն÷ľ˱
ءء
÷ĸغҲһĨᡣ¶Թ˼ҳ¼ҵˡ
Ҫ˵ԹŮɣҲԹġ
£ŮǶҲûеġ
ԹֻԹ⵱ĵʱ̫ǣûܻҡԼǸСҲʧҲҲӰ
÷㣬Ҳᱻǰ̣˺汻˽ȺǷһĴڡ
Թﰡûغܵܡ
ᵽǸʧ˵Сܣ÷һκ
¶ԹңԹңأҾ룬ʵڲУôʡҰɡһҲûüֵٱǰȥ¶
÷￴ɵŮֻҡͷ㰡̫ˡٻɣҲ޷ġ¶զȻ֪ˣǸ˶ܵġ
ڵ֪÷÷Һ󣬵ҲĬˡŴֹ󣬻ǱûȰ
ʵȻԭ÷㣬Ҳ֪пԵģ뵽Ȼ;Ϊ˷ֿĻǾͦԲס˼ҵġ
ڳȻģͰŮһ
ڴʣ˽ġ
СӶԳȻȻֳʵȻȫżһĴڰ
ڴʵȻʵɽ
޷˺Ĵڡ
ܰ˺˳Ȼʶƴˡ
ݵԼȥ۸˳Ȼ
ĻϣôģҲû赽Ȼͷϡ
˵ȥȻºȴʵشһ١
ΪС۶ĸˣһֱôʺͳȻвʵĹϵ
ʵֻǰѳȻõػԵءݲñȥ̤ݲñȥ۸
ʣ÷ҲҪ˺ȻѾͷ¶㻺Ͷ죬ȥӻɡ˵ҲסһȥȻѾͷȥѾͷһûȥء
ûĵȥһۡ
³Ȼȥˡ¶֪Ҫô
µĵһ⣬ʱܰҲԡ
ֻš
Ӧеˣˡ
ʼȻΪȻºòˡ
ڴ˯ôãѾͷô᲻
㣬֧˸ӣѹƽʱ侢
ǴʶЩˣҲֻǺٺٵɵЦ
ܸоһȺʲôԼ
ԽԽԾȻܰ˷档
˵ɣôͻȻεģо
ϱܰһ̾ȻȻͲװĺͿһô
ܣҪ֪ࡣ
֪㡣ġ
Ȼͬһ˺Ǹʲôһȥ˰壿š갡ܰôССĺӸȥһиôͺһȥɡ
˵ܰһƨɵϣһ˫ն۾޷ε䡭
Ȼݺݵ˦Լһ⣬һקס֣֪ҲѹңҾûСѾͷƬӣһʱеܡģ¶ҲԹġǻεѣҲѹֶѵѡ£Ҳֹġˣ¶ǻеʱ䡣ѵʱжã
ʮ졭ɬ³⻰ܰĻ絶һ
֪Դ˺˯Բ̹
ϱȴֵľ
Ǿĳ¶ˡ
롣Խ룬ԽڴӦСѾͷĳС
ʮôҲ죬оʱ䡣һҪ취һǵþȥ˲ܽۼҷ϶мġ
ܰƽһЩս֣ţʱ䣬ͺáʣµģֻҪҵĽŲ߾ͺá
ܰͻȻ§ڻȻȻܷ£ңɺã
ȫļʹȻüЩ۵򡣡ţҿ϶㡣Ǿô¶вŵġ


347 С

ǾͺãǾͺá
ܰӹ⡣
ѩӣһƷĺԺ
ԷԴ󣬱һֱڴ˴
⸽˼ңֻ֪סһƷƹˡ
Ǿģȴǲġ
Ȼһģ߿š
˿ŵ˾Ȼܰ
ףôˣ棬ܰһֱȻΪ͵ԳΪˡ
ȫǵˣһֱܰΪ
Գ򸾣һǷĵİġ
һܰŴ˳ԺһԶűⵣ˹ֻҪƲԣҲﻤһѡ
Էҹ
ںȲԷüͷ
һߵȳ⣬ŵĶͨ£ˣҪң¶ҾԲ͸¶ġ££϶Ǳ͸¶ȥѽ
Էֹ̧֣Ҫ˵ȥĻ
֪ܰԼġʵҲҹûĨɾֽţмѰѰҵġˣȥ˽ɡһϺõı̲ƮѩҲҪһƷźð
迴һĪӣԷһųȥ
ԶԶأǸż´ģڵĸߴˣȸ
ʳǰΪ£һƷǴ⣬Ǻǵͬġ
Ҫǿ˵ȥɫɨ
Ǿɱ⣬˵ȥֻǶվһ߶
Էأҡ
˳顣С
ҪҪô
ȻˣͽһȲɡչ飬Ҳʶһ㺰ɱҲ߯Щա
͸ŵĻܰü
һ̨ۣס
顭
ҵȻ䡣
ԷҲüЩõʣˣǾԴǰͶʵĿͻô벻үĴ֮˵ر𡣡
һ޺װŮˣܰīͫλһƬ
ԷҲ۴ǰˡ
ȻɫЩ㲣ȴ˸뿿İ
ѱֹȴֻһ뷨ˣҪˣҪˡ
ԷľӹȻ̧֣գ
Ҳͬܰɫ촽ȴ³˾Ļ
ԷôҪõˣҲܲĳҶüбŮ˱Щ׺ݵص̫ܰݣ
˿أô
ܰЦţָһԷǰ

н迴ǰѷĵӣŵһֱſ˵ϡ
ԷɫضǰѵӣɭϢ˸
ˣɱؽʲô˼
˲˵ҵ֪Ǹʲô˼Ҫʲô
Էѹ˿־壬Щɻضǰˡ
һĿܳĳ͸ѺıȴȻĶĿҰ
ҪʲôֻΪҺҵ׵ѡ
˵ܰ۾õضǰŮˡ
Է̧֣
䣬һССӰ˳

ſԼףܰз۾ԲԲ
һΪˣ㻹Ǽǵõġ⺢ӾҵĶӣҲĶӣ
Ůˣҳԣ⻰ɲ˵⺢ӿҲˡҼҷ֮ǰܰӲйŮˡ
ܰԲԲڵ俴˿
ԷҲֻ֣ԲԲԼȥ
Щ飬ˣЩ飬ȷʵǷ˵ġǰĳһһҽϲļ֪үɻǵã
ϲ
ܰ˿ԭǰҵЧ¼ҵ뿴ϲʲô˼
ٿԲԲԷܰתߡ
ԲԲ⺢ӣչѪ⣬ҲţʵܰӦֻ֪һѡ
㾿˭
Էȴ˸
֪ʲô
֮ǰĵݣһ̣ԷЩˡ
ˣƺʲô
ȥǰôֵФƣҲòȥԭԷʵʲô
ܰٿͷƵؿɫҰ׵Ůˡ
ҾԷں˵˵ʲô
ܰɨһ߬Цתߡ
һģԷԼ򣬻ѿġңҵŮˣЩծһǧ򱶵ֻġ
Ŀ죬ȥҲ졣
ԷȴɵվǶҲ֨
С㡭
ǰ
ҡ
ԲԲԴ֪һʵشţԼĴڸС
أأ
С㣬ںԺ
嵽Ժһλŷϸݡ
֡
Էһȥѹɤھŵʡ
С㣬šЩõؿһ
֣ǸִܲܲˡоͦµģǸܰѹͲôûá෴ģԽԽ¡ܾǲʲôңҲٽȥˡ
ͻȻ۾ϸɺԵļŤţЦ
Էˣŵʱ򣬿ɲ˵ġҷߵһȴ˵㲻ٽȥãɵô
Էҧ粻ػǰ̫š
ŷ飬ȴ康Ȼ
⿴ֻаŮˣֶ֪жˡ
뵽̫Ųɫʰ˵ļūţԷס
֣ҳ嶯ˡ
ߣһֱ㣬ҪܼҵС㣬͵ȣзȣ㿴ڡ˼һûأͿʼˡղǸʵĻҲˡ
ǲ鵽ʲôˣı󣬻Ӫ˻㡣
˺ƤҲǰ涥šʲôѵ˵㻹ȥ۹֮أǧ˯ˣ
ᵽ⣬Էһ¡
ҰҡͷţҲԸ·֣ٸһᣬһᣬúõء
һȥɡ
ȵԷ뿪ǸӲǰΪ˱衣
˵ôͷأ
ôҲǴСãڴСϣҲð˷ȥ
⵹ҲǡСԸūͿҪѽ
̥ǵӿο֣Щٻ
֣ܾãСҲһ˵ģ
ߣ㶮ʲô
СںģǸˡ
زɣˣҲغˡ
áԷԽܰСΪǸŮ˶ҪǸŮҲСȥ
ΪСԸǺ¶
ֻǣӪҲϣܾãһ¶ֻ£ǼϼһǣŹġ


348 ɱ

ֲϵ۾ٿνЦǼ϶Ӫֻϵһ̯ӡʵϣǾСļ֧ţӪ˰ͲˡǣߣǻҰ̫ôš
Ǻɫ̥ǵӿõӣҡͷ
˰ʲôá̫Ϊˡ
һǿʤģСֻǽһЩ¡
ʵ˼Ҳһǵռܰ
־ͷǵ¡
˭УһֱѴС㵱ԼŮءɫ̥ǵ̾һֻſַʵȥ
صԷѰ
žе˶ഺ껪ʱ򣬿ƫƫ޷ƿء
ǰôһ鷢ԼҲ֪Ǹ˭
ȻȴǸʵĺҵҪ֮ؽȳ
۾Ŭն˵һУԷԼ侲
Щ£Ը롣
˵ġ
һУλٻܸҲջȥġ
ػţʵضһѡ
ʵǸȷʵǲֻϵŮ˻ţҲǲѡһҲҵõοִűĶءԷǽԷǸطͽԷˡ
ԷĺԷָһĮ顣
ٴֻǸȻ޲Ůˡ
źò̽ܰŶǡ
ʦүʱ˽
˵ȥҹˣЩʲôûУ
ܰɢصͷţҰ²˴С֡Ȼƽҿĳܺ¡˿ҵʵüֵģʧٵǸӣȷʵӪĪĸϵҪȻôͷֲһܳġ
û뵽һСߵūţȻӪˡ˵ӪǸͷӣҲбҪһ£Ϊܵĵط˵ʲôĵطͷӷֺÿԼӪأ
⼸һֱڲӪˣһѾϵ׶ʡˡϧмצǵˣϹȴһֱҵġ룬Էϣ
ûȻѾͷ飬ȥڣȷô
ʦүܰȫɱ⣬ҡͷ̧򣬡ʱֻ̣ϣܴΪءݾߵľٶһΣֻɹֻгɹһݡϵ˼Ҳǳ׶˵ӪˡӪλαͷϻ¶˵İ
ܰҧʦү̵ĺࡣȻȻ;ǣȥ֪ҵô
ʦүͬؿſܵˡʱΪŭ鴤Ťɲ
ܵ£Ť
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ʦүЦԿЩչóǷͱЩ˶ϣעĽֻ֣ܷȥ
šȻȻܿϢһҪֻġ
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ﰾƵļõز࣬ȻЦɨһһˡû֨һڡ
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ۡ
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סţԼûµġǣȫزʹ
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㲻ҪҲҪ
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үʡˡϴɫػ㱨
ˡˣ
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µģڿԼĵطѪ˫֣Ҳͣ
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Զ̺ŵСѾͷҲŻˡܰ󣬻ǰһһҵذżȥˡ
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С㣬⺮ǽôãչ飬Ҳ֮Цš
ȴԷЦ
ǰԭû뵽Ҫı⺮ǵġ˭ϵǸŮҲȷʵжӡ
ôĹ򣬾Ͱһë֮أ˳ɫĵط
ȻûʾҵũҵĴģӪҲܿڼ󣬱ȻΪһҵҪǡطҽ֣ȷʵõĵط
һ̵ģǰǴС֪ڰ̫µͬʱҲΪԼıôֻҪƿ˺ǣԺӲôС㣬ԺɾͲٿɫˡ
ԷЦţҡͷףף¶ûءȿŰɣҵ֪ؼʱ̣ܰҪôѡ񡣡
С㣬ų˴ˡСѾķԸѴ˴峡˵ġ
ţƹİ²ҲԽԽˡȥɣڣǹؼʱ̡
ԷΣ
ıôã˳
Ϊģһô
עȻʼˣǾͱȥ
֪йƺʲôӣڿܰŵĳȻʱԷǷĵض˶
ҲʱһߣΪ裬̺
ܰŻץӸεĳȻֱԷǰ˵
˵̬ôܰԷЦ
ȴɨԶ֡
Цš
Ȼ񣬸ǵ⣬
ơ㡣
ܰŮ˷ļЦֻǱؿ
Ŷҷеǹưһ治ءйƣӦȥ֮ôôһҾ¥ˣһƷֻǴʳİˣĪʲô
Էߵܰһ״쳤˿ڿĳȻҡͷ


349 Ѫ

Ӵ˵˿Ǹ˶룬ȴعơƣҪĶô˰˼Һء
Է˵ţһµˡ
ܰȴ̧ȾλѨ
Է˲˵Ҫ󡣷򣬽ˣҷһ汳
ܰɱͫԷ˿֪ٲܵϷȥ
ʼ硣
̧˦һСҩ
Һ置֪һƵƤëҩȸ˷ðɡʱƽ˵֮ġֹƶ˵ܽġûʮ꣬ѡ
ܰ§ųȻٿ˿ãֻҪȻȻָŮˣʮ꣬ҵȵ𡣡
Ҫ˵ɣĹƶǲһܽġڵһˣæܽæҾͰˡ
ԡܰι˳Ȼҩ󣬿ץƤ⣬Ҳָ˵ݡ
һ̵̸ֱе
ܰıʽԷҲ̾Ϊֹ
֣ͷǰȥΪλ˲鿴һ£ܽ⣬ǾͰ˳һæա
ܰǸһֱͷ̺ŵϡ
ϸ˴һɴݡ
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װŪվܰߵϴ߳
ԷȴЦɨһۣˣȱٹ̰ܽ
ܰͷɨһۣ˵£ҵ˵¶
ԷƲ죬ˣԼ˵άĽǸūţҲ˵ĽҪ
ԺҲ˰աһ룬Էֵࡣ
ǰֻǰֿ˿Ȼǵĺɫ·װģ
شС㣬λȷʵ˹ƶ
ţнⷨ
УֻҪ׽С²ûʮ꣬ѡϾķΡñĶɱӻС¡ҪģðֳӵӸɱһǳ׵ƶ
ˣˡƶý⣬ҵƴҪΪ˽ƣҲʱٰ
ܰƿ¡˵
ȣˣô˵ôۡԷεҪ͡
ȴִ̧ܰϣͻȻصŵԷһ¡
ã˵
ǸҺԲԲһվǰţ
áԷǣܰȻ˼ؾӦˡ
㣬Ӧˣʤ̫죬ԷӦ
ΪβӦҪô뵱ܰŮˣҸţҲֱŮˡ
ԷĴͷûһϲã෴ģЩǶԻǴˡ
ܰôɴӦУƺǺ⡣
һʾԷ
ȣܸˡҵ˼ҪýȢķˡλ˯ŵôҿڸ檵Ѿͷν
顭
Էǰӱܰ߷
˸̧߰ͷܣ
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ԷЩ̻̣ǿЦЦ¶ɾͲ̸ѽϾҪߴʮ꣬һֱʹػţûõôչܲ˵ôչС檰ɣϰ
ܰͻȻĽԷʺ
סҵĵߡһ̨ţӡΪҲɱ㣬㣬㣬Ǹ̫ţ˽Һǵشڣ˽֮£Ǵȥл·
˵ţϴӸѺƹĺ˳
سˣҵ棬ѳ˲ٵ˽ΣεĹߡ
ԷĵܰǺ˵ݺݺǺʱ˽ˡǡ
һߵ֣ʱ̧ͷ˺ưô˵·ĺô
԰԰ԷϽӦ
ܰĵһ

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ŵĸоԷ̱̫ˣֻҪٽһ㣬ϧžģ֣Źҡ
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ԷɨһۣϽϳѪѣʤ㵱Ȼࡣ
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ѪѸ¸µЦ
СҪõˡֻǹ͸¶һϢͲ鵽زܺãȻ֪һΪΪģ͹Թɡ򣬳Ȼֻôĥ
ٶóȻвܰɱŨ
һߵԷŵĶŹһ߶ȥ
ϴ󼸸Ǿġ
һ˻Ѫһš
֪İ
һضܵɡ
Ѫɷ
ѪɷһģȫһЩϵĹˡ
Ѫԡ
оֶԡ
˰°С**֮١
ƫռ٣⡣
֮ѪɷˣһģȫǽбᵽĴڡ
Ща֮ʿۼһֻΪȡϷŪΪ֡
꣬Ѫɷмλĳϡ
ѪѣϷŪڹƼ
꣬˵һŭ֮£һǵ˶ɱɾ
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ǳ͢Ҳһ
ѪɷжԼϣȴһλѪѡ
ϴ˲Ż˵𾪡
ԽǶǿĶ֣ϴȴԽ˷ܡ
ٶȳȥʱܰȴһۡ
ãѪЩΪΡ֪˶꣬Ѫѿɷ


350 

Ѫ˷ܵضܰ񣬾ڴԼŮһоܰ൱Ĳáԣڻ󣬱ٵسˡ
ֹУֻȻ
ܰȻûڵһʱھ͵֡
෴ģѪѴȴԽ˷ܡ
úãСЩΪֽˡ
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嶾ƣүͻ˶ԸôҰơ
ϴüë΢壺үɶʱˣ
ôᣬô᣿
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שѪеѪѣŵصܰһ޷ӡ
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û˵ĻѪӿֱȥ
Ȼȭϴؿǰλٷүһ̣¹ȥںС
̫˧ˡһʲôƣ̫ţˡ
ڽԷŵزѪѣ֪ȥ
Ҳ̹Ȼ
򶨵վǿһЦˣҵһ
ܰҲϴ󣬰Щȥų˵еѪںǳ֡룬ʱЩ϶ˡλѪѣѪɷпǼĴڡҲ֪Ѫɷеλͷӣڵ֪̫ŵ󣬻᲻žǰ
Էһ£ЩɻؿڵϵѪѡ
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ܰŵЦŴǰ֪꣬ǸڶĻ˭
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Ѫס䣬ϵؼţҪҪңҲⲻģġ
꣬һĸѪСǸŵ˴Զϵ˺ۣЦҩϡҸ㣬һжõģԺ󣬲ôʹˡһ̵㣬ǿϣ֮ɡò˵羸Ȼ˻ŪġǸĶ֡
ģѣˣѣСƭӣǣҶԾ壬ΰɣС
죬йѪɷѪѾȻںǳֵϢ˲ʹ˽ء
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ϴһۣϴϽ졣
ٺ٣ֻ˵Цġѡ
ˣϴɨһۡ
ԺĲŵĻ͸¶ۼүݣع𣿱мݣүҲаһóǶ˵İ
ͬģڽѲӵĵӣѪɷѪѵüɫ
ѪɷүȷʵǸ˲šҽݣڲúҲˡ
ϣ˵һֱŵĸܣܹܸѯʡ
ǰһֱһλ¶ңһλʱ¶棬Ҳܺ氡ҲˡѪɷе˼һܰѪɷɾҲͷˡʱҪôءһĽţƺʲôܹܣ˵˲ţô;ôأ
ܹ죬ǻլʺҪǴô̩񰲣ǿءһаȫǻӢ쵼
ߣܹܣ⻰ɷȰĹˡ֪ģвٷڴ˵ӿǸ
ŵĸϽ£ϣЩ˶ǺֻҪһΰѪɷץסˣǾͲЩ˵Ļ뻰ԺĽɽҲ͸ˡ
ףţ˵һӢģڵʶˣ˽ߵʱ򣬽ʶܼүͿǸȷʵ˰
ǰ۹⣬ǲôƿ½ɽ
Сӡˣô
һʵܹüɫʹ


351 ๫Һ

ݴģĳһλݲ˽š²Ҵˡ
Ȼ⻰˲͵ࡣ
ݲġߡҸ̽һ¡Ǵ˻У͡ǳװɡ
̧ܹͷ˼ؿŻϣ⣬㲻˵ˡ
̧֣ҲװһʱҲ޵һҪģһĻ޺ݸҪģҸһֱȥնϡϲϣֻܺ˺ѡˣȥգһ˵Щ¶
ܹĨϣǱӲм֪û빬ǻҲФڵСѸôǻҲг嶯ĺôôĺô
ѩӣȻյغŲ裬ЦŲԶˮˡ
ܰҷԽԽѽ
ӣΪôͻˣŶ֪ˣŮ˵˻ڱؿ佱˵ϵıֻ㲻ˣ
񣬳ȻǺġ
ȣҲ˵е棬ôǸ˵˵ģ
ϣ޷ǾͼһһҽֻҪĹ찮ãкβ˵ģ
ȻƨߵߵشյǰΪ򴷱ġǣҼ๫ˡȻѧΪǰʱշ˵һסʵ֮ԹְȷʵһİáǸʱأ˾ǿѧӡ
λʣҲǸоĳֶˡ๫㻹̫ˣ˵λʣҷЩҩǰǰһϷɹΪıˡ˭ܲ²ۼ๫µʵҪźĲߡֻҪһ³ɣǾͿԸء
ܰü׽סֱ֣һ
ǣΪǲ죬ƹơ
ᵽƶܰü
ųȻ֣ҲЩ
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ܰҡͷᣬһҷġϵ꽻Ĳ£Ƿ˰һжҪˡ
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ڼƵĻţܰȥתһ¡
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һߣһӴʲųĺɫܣƷַ࣬ࡣ
ӴǼµ̵ʯ񣬱֤ʽӱʽࡣУͷ̳ӣҪɶʽеء
ƤҰˮݰ󵰣ѩ
๫⺮ڵԽԽءźҲ˲ٵء
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Ϊһë֮ǣڳŵȫ
ʱȫǲë֮ء
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ǰΪȥķ˻б֮Ǳߵ񼸺ӿ⺮
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ҪģǵĺǼɫĳۣǰЩʳھǵĴ̼ȫѡ
⻹ֻȥǰꡣ
ҾͿŰɣδ꣬⺮ǻֹһ
ÿһڷչ󣬱ٵ
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Բɫ佳˶Żסбµ
ЩɫҲس
ںһƬطԼľɱ¡
Ȼľд˵ġ
˦黨ǣƬƬˣӡ
Ǻǣ⾩˽ʱһôθһ˵סء˰죬ŻһԺӡԺӣ˵װ˺ǵĵһҾ¥ôȻµؿһϷӡ
Ϸݵһձ˽ϷΧ۵˲һǽζġ
ɲôԺÿ촫ֵ
ܵҲ÷һû¶ʱ򣬻ǶȥϷϷġۺǵˣЩƷϷҲǱġ
ٹʱ䣬Ǿ͵ȫʣǵԶһ㡣ҰҲһЩֻڽ±֮Ĳϡ
ܰ˵δչ֮ģҲһһ׵ġ
Ȼֻ͵͵ֺǡЩһ۹һЩС⡣ôһĹһȻˡ
Һܸ˿ɳоȺǽչĻҪ졣
ȻֱĵЦݷģȻЩ԰ףŻǻָЩĻ


352 ɫ

׿ܰˮ
ޣҲǵ磬ֻϣܴһĳǡǣ֣һصĻ񡣵ΪֹҶǷһ񡭡
Ƿһ¡صĻֻǣһɡ
õģڴһ֮ǵʱӭȢӡ
Ӷˣ̸λӴȿȡȻЦšһزĵطٶȳʹ
ܣֻܰվǶḧ
ܵˣвϳǾǳ򸾣ͶϵЦݡ
ˣǸء
ǰĽҼǿӣɴҹֵġ
Ǻǣǳôĳ򸾣ԺǶõġΪѽôۺǣԺ϶Ƕһݶ
Ȼֻǿ˶̧ͷͳ졣
Ҳ˵ʱ¶ҲػΡ
Ҫǣֵֹ뷨ҲΪ̫࣬ôӵǰߡһ˵Լҵļҳ̵¶
̣ɲ֪Ҽҵ˸ǹ￴ſˡҶӿʼеԥģҾˣ˼Ǻ¶ֻҪĵز̫ģܸɣ¸򡭡
ܲôԺϱ̫׺ˣסԺ¶զ
ȥȥ㾻Щ¶˾û˵ġ
ȻЦӯӯġţǰһŭ
ܰһߵϴʹ˸
Щʿǰˡ
ʿȻüܰ߳ͷ
ţѪɷ⺮ǳֺ󣬱㹴˲ٵĽʿ룬һһϷġ
ŶԭϷȻѪɷϷȷ˺Щ޹ϰգҪ֪ϵˣɶ֡ճƵ˰
Ȼе㵣ġ
ϾƵĺǰ
Դġ
Ϊʿˡ
ǲǻѪô
ҷģֱű߹صķ˻Щǿ֮ġΪβЩʿ⺮أ
ܰĪĻȴĳȻ۾һս˵֣㣬а취Щסңǰѵģ
ΪβɣǸ֮ءЩһֱţ赼ҲڽеʱõһаЩ֪ԾͰɱ뱻˵ɹ˿翪ٳһֵǴǶǺṩ㹻أʵİӣáЩ˻ɾܾô
ܰĻȴĳȻĿ࡭
ĪǸңЩˣʵҪİգȻѯʡ
ܰ˵⡣Ϊʲôǣ
֮ԳΪ˵ĴڣôỹŹɡȻ֮ԱǡħչǶħŹԼ
ǣܰȴŵĺܡ
ѽǸ˺˰Ȼȫߣ֮ġ
ˣ˰ײҪǣһ𣬿Ƕء
˵أǰһȫŶߺͷ
Դϣϣ첲ϣȫȫߺ֮ġ
ֱֻȥ򼣬ȻȫĻš
˶ÿ·Զλˡ
ƺҲϰ飬һ·ÿһͷŵ߱һӡˡ
ˣ˿ͦģֻûѹԼĶ֡а˹Եĸèһġ
˵л˭أȻҲ棬ĽǰǣĻǺųġϾͨϰռң˭Ը⿴һȫǶļһﰡ
һ˵϶ڳĵطһ˴ڡⲻ˵˵žˡ

˵أԶһֻӥؽл
ǸղŻˣˣһӥĽ󣬾ȻŲһͣɫ˺ü䡣˸񣬳ȻȤŨĪǣ˵ĶẦӥԸģҲеӥˣ
ӥߣ֮Ķǳе¶ͷӥɲһӥȻҲͨĶҪôһӣһֱҵظءʵѵĴڰɡ
ӥĽһɫ·Ӹų֡
⸾ȻһˣȴŴɫ·
ͣһֻͷӥӥצӼҪģëɫֻӥΣֿ޵Ĵʵϣֻһͷӥѡ
ϸȻſŵĺ죬Ҳò˵ʲôĿŻǲͲʮ꣬һĴĵЩüҲЩа
صģȴ¶һֻ֣һףһڡ
֣
Ȼʡ
ţ²ˣȷʵְΪһ˫ڳˣһֱ⡣Ҫ˵СʱҲǸˡ˲ٵĿࡣǱΪͽܣŹ֣ϲ˽ţиİãǹһЩͬǹ϶֮ġǸͷҲϷŪһ
Ȼͷڿʱɫ죬ЩεšȣӰЩ㻹ðɡģɣԽԽƯӴ
ӰԵֺô
˵Ưֹҽӣ㵱꺢ء˵ôˣôͶһ찡ЩСӣΪӣΪůѣοһֱǻһѶأ
ͷûϲҪʹңպŹӶãΪůѣΪ֯·ɺãã˼ĺϲ㡭
Χ۵˼С
走ӵĶ
ղŻһߴвַק
զתһŹֵӣɫ˵ѿ
ȻҲ²ˣ๫Һ㲻ôûڲٰҪĻġ
ܰһֱģ˭֪ǼءҪ˵ûɣһӡҪ˵ûɣͿԴպһӵģǲһҲʮˣһֱŹֵķʽպŵġ
ŶҿҲе˼ġֻ˭Ҳû߳һһֱӣжϣԲЩ
ӣҲǳǸôӴҾϲôģҺ͹Ѱô¶ֻ뿴ôѡ
϶ƺԸᣬȻһֱڽ͡
ѵ˵ͷӺץǸˣһȣȻ˵㣬ЩϹǵĸ¶Щġ
ţѡͷû²Ӧʦáӵ⼸˻һЩ飬ҪҲߵһˡ


353 1

ܰ΢źӺͶ͸ơ
øӵһϷһ֮һĴϷˡףλŰ׺ͷź
ǡʱһλŰ׺׵߻
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Щǹó֮
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ѽ°Ҳ֪ģеĹеر𣬱ҪŮһôӦģİںˣðá
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ѽôүǴϰ
ôˣ˸ҿժ۾

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ţ׾ͺáǷ¶Ϊúûõġ
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ȷʵǸ˲Űȥؽ衣ʵϣȴҰв鴦⽭һаѪɷȫصķ͢ǰ̫ӵ飬ٲѹȥֻԽԽӵ̤ġʥϣ޷ȥ
⿴ƺָ㵱Ƿ١ҲصֻǺҵػһġʵϣȴű˶ɵʱǣֻڰҽ躮ǡ
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һҪıȡ飬ҲͿ֪ȻͲֶˡ
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֪˱ҲѪɷ
Ѫɷ˵Ǹרɱ˵ĵط䲻˵ǰ̫ԩô˵ôġʵ˿ѪѾίɹɢЩҥԡúúõһҪŮ˲Ǻ棬ʲôҵ¶ء
Ӵ顣ңǿնͷĴ¶¶ȷʵǵúúһˡۺǵСϰǿɳܲô
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ǣӵܵƣΪתʱӣܹôǲܵġ


354 2

ôۣǷǵðѪɷ˱ƳɡΪѪѣΪǸνǰ̫ӵĺˣҲҪô˰ɡ
δ֪ܰҡͷ㲻֪ΪֹҲûǰ̫ӵĺ˭ֻ֪صļ˭ȴ֪ҲѪɷĻˡȻ̫Ҳܴƶϳ˾Ѫɷ
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е鴮һ𣬳Ȼ˲ˡ
ҲǣܰԸôͱĮĵ˼ҳϹϵ
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ܰεˣ㻹ĪҪˡΪֻҪ¶̽ˣĸӼһϡϵҲӦңֻҪ鴦ȵһ顣ʱҾغǡֻҪѺǽñɡ
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ʮһ㿪ʼ汼ΪҪһֱΪϴ顣
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٪壿Щ˺ôȻԲԲͻȻˡ
ŶҼǵǰ˵ԲԲźܳ죬ʱ򣬿һҲǼĺͯڿ˵ǲ²׼ˣˣĪ٪壿
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ܰȴǳ尵еһ֣ȥԽ˵һ׮Ҫ֤
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ѡ̹״ӿҲѡ񱣳ֳĬǣĻش𣬼п¹᲻ᱻЩ߳ҧҲ¹ţ᲻ᱻҤȥµȵĿˡǳ˵ˣԸ֮ˣ͵񶾵ķ⸾˼Ϊ
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ȥɢЩҥԣ˵ӵĲõϢֻ֮¶ȫ˵˳
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Щ˵ֶΣһӣ徲ġ
Ѫ˻ߵغţҵؿܡһֻ̣ϣվһֳƻ


355 

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ᵽӣׯ۾ˡ
ΪֻΪһСǵѪɷˡ³ǺѪɷĥ


356 

뵽ԼǺĥȫͷҲޣֻʣһƤʱׯıʹ֡
ɱ
ĸ϶һׯȥ
顭
أбը
ۡ
һ졣
ţһЩӷӿ
ôж
϶ͺˡҲ¡
˵ţóһƿҩӭͷȥ
ۡ
һʱ䣬Ժ
߳߰Ť˻ҳһŶ
һȺҲү⣡
һʮӰ˳
ȻѪɷլһҪһѶء
Цţһγֹȥ
һʱ䣬˫򶷳һš
мλУҳһʱĻ³˳
ߡҵȶỤ⺮֮ء
ǰ
˿ٵǰʻȥ
¸£Ѫɷ϶Ⱥʱѽ
Ͻ뿪
һź󣬱ٳ˹ȥ
϶һĻвͯˡ
ÿ
顭
ܰ۾ϴ˸ǰ
սˣ֮ء
һȺǰӭˡ
Щ˾ȻǰүѪɷνǰ̫ӵĺˡ
šܰػش󣬽Ųʻȥ
˵һƧ
Żӣ̲ܰһУĶҡһ¡
˵ЦˡǻӣҪͷ¶ػô
ʮţŲȴǸ졣
һöըܰ
ˣлһ·͡ɽģˮ뵽дһء
ˡϴòװЩ˵İΧȴһߡ
׷ˡܰȴֹ̧ϴҪù
үֻҪȫ׷˵ĳ̶ȣҪ׷Ҳʱ⡣
ϴܰһȣȴϴϽͷү
ʦү
㻳ɣǸѪɷǷľŻӣ
ǣҲֻ˵ңΪλЩֻǲӵеըҲֻܽ壬Ϊھǵʱʱַô顣
Ҳֻĳ֡ȻȻãǸ˿ģ
ȻѾͷҲ죿
ǣͷβ棬ȻȻǾźġҡ
ܰ˦˦첲ҪģǵһҺ˾ʱըҡȴΪȻȻһŭָıһ㷽ǵʱұըУֻҲˡ
ʦүĬˡ
ҾϢ̫࣬ǾŻӣǻˣο໹ҪαװݣѪɷǣ壿УĻϣǺںģ˵ͨ
ʦүΪһ˵֮ͨǰһֱɣǡϵ飬ܻġ
ֻһԭ򣬾ڵľŻӣǷʵ۵׶ӣ
գܰʦүֻóĽ
ʵ͵תҲǲܷǾŻӣֻ뵽Ȿ˱²СȻĻ͵͵ݲĴڡ
ǷľŻӣٵ˷ľضͼıҴʱֻ¶ֱⲻ˷
ʦүһ꣬Щء
ԣ£бҪͻϻ㱨ᡣԺһսǴʳ
ǰ걱֣
ĮȻû̫֣˻١
ټϱ߹صսңӿ롭
Ͻյʥֻּ»ǺίΡȱٵıʳ㱸һǱؽίΣ˵ᱻǿίƹֲ
ʦүϾǽӴũҵˣֻһЩ𰸡
ܰǻ벻⡣
һֻҪ߹ְѪɷ˸ɾЩҲЪˡʱֻҪĸӼϺãһЩũҵϵ¶Ҳٹ
ʦүüָߵš㣬治㽨һΪžһЩ
ãֻҪֽӣһЩ˲űáҺȻȻĿ꣬ȫµҵЩҵһ;˳ͷġȻȻũҵϷչɡץסụ̃˲ţγ͢ˣ
ʦүЩӣҡͷҲգһˣǾţҲءֻϣгһղúھͺá
ֻܰǵһЦ
ڣ˵һջʧȥĶܶࡣ
ǣƽԼʧȴġһȻȻͺٹ
ũׯҪũ£Ϊ
ڣֻΪѲκá
ѪɷջǱ߹ָˡ
ΪҪϴ׺߹Ҳƴˡ
⼸ȻƢһЩڽле㲻ٵˣԼ֮ġ
ʣѯģһ׳Ѫɷѵ㡣
һʮѪɷϳˣѪɷݵ㣬۱˵Ѫɷһаɣڽгʧ
Ѫɷʧģȫڻ϶ԹҲʧ
Ϊˣ͢еҲ˾
ȻѪɷ¶ûᵽϣҲ֪ˣ飬ʵǻʼ˽˸ɵġ
˭
ǱίεĺүΪ
ʧ˶İʱٶȱ
ǿֻһܼңŷһӵİ򸮣һٶ˲²⵱С
갲ɣע
û˿ס
ԴҲʹ˸ǳ
ֱڣⰲү治һ׮£ֿʼ²˭ίΣһֱɵأ
ǵõһаԵĳ򸾣ҲԴЩ²⡣
Ҫ˵Ǻͻϲ͵˰ɡϾίԺүһְþ˲ţˣʹģ˵˭Ű
˭֪ھǵİүȫصһλү֮һ
ܰҲһϢֻǵһЦ
үǸص˶
ʦүһЦִѪɷ
յۺٶȳĬ˺ð졣
Ѽλĸ󳼽ٰܰһܺĸЩ˺󣬼󳼶ɫˡ
ģǷҴһս
Ͻ⼸λҲ˽ǰ̫ӣ¹ʵˡ
ǰΪȫգƴš
ǰ飬ϲᡣϾıǰĻʵ۶ɣֺݳܡǺǧŮٹֿʮԺʮ˵Ϊģװ¸Ůȫص档
ǰʱ˻Ķࡣ
ǵϵһŭ֮£һҡȡ
ҲڵĴ
ŬڵĴ֮ǰࡣ
ЩҲֻΪϡ


357 츣

˭뵽¸ĺҪıȡνĴ
񹬣
񹬵ˣӦòˡ
ӪˣʹйǰֻҪʱȣԲºִĥӪˡ
룬ʼԭΪӪ˻԰һЩڣȴ˴ܺҪı顣
ڴˣ㵱ϵʱӪȨ֮ʱ
ӪѪɷ𽭺аϵһҪģ𣬵Ӫ֮ˣĹף㵱ȫȨã
Ȱİ취ˡ
ǣʥּӻ߶
ȻѲȫҵũɣˮҵȣ֮ϣҪľʹġ
ǣ̫ӴΪ£棬ش£Ҳᴦ
ȫΪ񹬺ѪɷæµͬʱʱؼŶӡ
ڼ˶ӡʮˣǸôҼأ
ҲвʮˣɰӵʦӼһ󣬱һӵ
ˣῼȥΪȻƶΪˣȻʣҲһֱؼӡ
ӵĶӣÿÿӼ꣬һʱ䡣
ԭЩ궯ԸʮȻҲĳࡣ
һ
СһϵĶҲԽԽ١
ӿСһٶԽԽ٣Ҳǰͷ
ɫȻʦСĵȰ˵
⺢ӣԻǲġСʦ㣬ТĿɼһ߰ѵõǣ⺢ƺͦԵģڼӵĹУȻٶȡȥֵֻˮ׼Ǳһʤһء
ľɨһۻСߵͽܣߣȥѪﻨ
һ۾˲ˡ
ʦǣ
ҡͷ㰡浱ôֹƶû֮ѪﻨЩƳ׾ɱˣСѾͷķϣҾһ˰ɡǹƶֻẦ˵ģѾͷҵϲһЩ
ʦһ⣬ЩСᡣ
ʦĪǻţҪʦһЩԸɰգù츣ˣѰ
ʦ֮ԻȫǱɽУΪѰôƹƳ棬ҪҴ츣ġ
ǣԹ˶˵ĹƶԭΪ˺ˣĶĿ츣գ
ܾã¶ǿЦġ
԰գҾãǻǿԶЩͽܣЩȥԵġСѾͷƬӣҿͦԵġƣߵ·
ʦͽ˶Ƥ̺ۡ
ȫҲϢЩǳ겻иʯƶ֮ɵġ
һֱһ뷨ùƶ츣աò˵һ룬ֻ롣ĿǰΪֹû뵽ô츣յġ
Ը⵱ŵͽܡ
ѴһᣬȻԥؾʹӦˡ
ǰᣬҪΪ׽ƶ
ã߰ɡ
һСͽܣûǺܸ˵ġ
һ·ߣϤĽ̵ƶ֮
ʦҾãЩǺˣǣΪʲôҪùأѵͲùƺͱҩһڵĶۺˣҿǾ˵Զѽ
С˼̫࣬üΰöмܲס
СһЩ뷨öʱéٿ
ϣҪˣҪۺϣʩΪһЩź֮ô磬һЩŹֵĲ֢ǿùƳٽоΡ硭
ԭֻΪ˾ĸŴӦʦľԽЩԽ¡գо
Сӵ뷨˵ȫһ
˾ӦôȴƫƫҪ
飬ΪʲôҪˣ
鲻
ҪӣҾץоôֳģǴסǵɣѡһЩʵĳӡ
ƶСǲֺ
һ·ҷĹʦͽ˾ȻദáãڹƶоʵķԾ
Թƾˣⲻǲеģǿôʩãԭڳϲѽ
һֹƶһλΣıҧ֮˾λתõ߿Цˡ
ԶȻͬǶȷʵǿеġ
ƶȻˣҲǲΪá
ǿùƶ¸ҳϣҲԡ
Сһоһʱ󣬼ʶԽԽ࣬ҲԽϲ⺢ӡǣڿ쵽֮ʱȴСоЩ
δãҲϻۿˣ¶ʺһʦˣо
ʦһĺǸиš
ʦǰСһɡʼӲƴžҪʦġ
ڣȴΪϧδǾܾʦ
Сνĺܣ§ŰõĲʦһΪʦΪġԺҵĵڶףŶԣҵĵڶĸסİɣʱͻоġȻҲ顣
ٴ˯ĳȻڰõ죬ٴ
˱Ƴ˺ѾãҪװӻѳ֮ɾ»ð֮áңʱ仹²ʳɣóָ
ΪˣӺͰöںǡ
Ϊʦͽ˶ԸڳԱ㱻ڤ֣߹ڡ
߹֣Ҳ˵һԺӡ
һ֣ڤһ֡߹֣⡣
ȻЩ̿߹ԼǮġ
֮ͶڤУΪֶԭʹظС
ңǱҲϲ˹оԾͱ˴˴һС⡣
һ⣬߹еũ
ݽ֮ǰһϰʽ
Ȼȱٵľһ͵ׯںӡ
һũҵоٳһЩרоôֲô߲
ڳȻЩʱֻܰǺЦ֧
ֻǳ߹ģڲӿ롣ںǵֲܳ׵Ľ±Ҫģһֳһ棬ðѲȥˣ͵ýȴߣũҵǷչġ
꺮ǵİԺùһ㣬û䵽ǷվʹķŮķϡ
ǣƲӵʱ򣬻ǻ䵽ȥҰˣƤӵķϡ
֮࣬ڵӣǺܼѵġ
Ȼת󣬱£оֲĲʦүһš
Ա̫١
ãũϰʽѵõĺܡ
ˣ벻һֵذңǱȥֵصġ
ũȥֵأʵĳԾС˾Ȼ۾
Ϊܵ裬һŭ֮£ѵһӸɵһ߽ʦѧգǻ쵽߹ֵĵλ
ô죬Ļǿһֵأһũ
ɺȱˮһƬһɺͲֲҪģҪˮԴ⣬Ҫ


358 ޽ˮ

ǸĽڶ꣬ȻȴԽԽ䡣
춼вûˡȥô죿
ΪԳȻѹ󣬱һֱڸ䡣
Ҫˮ⣬ˮںʱҲܱ֤ׯˮá⿿Էӿ϶а
ǵĵƴ΢ߣˮġԶǿԷ
ǰ⺮ǵشһԷ
ڳȻʦү˶ҲԽãǵˮǱġ
ˮ⽨谡ɵרŵˮɳԱǺûһƵˣ
ˮ⣬ǹһͿԵġ
ÿƣȷΣܵĻȵȡ
ˮˣˮˮӳ᲻ɽׯûˮ⽨ĵط᲻ԭеˮԴŪûˡ
һе⣬עˮҲǼҪġ
ѽ̣ʱ򣬲ҹʯͷʦбļλʿôȻֻǴţûˡҼǵõڴʱҲ˵һЩˮʿרſˮˡһ̶ͿȥɡҲ԰ǺǡҪסǺǵˣɲǸʲôŷˮҲԸأ
ŷɳˡǴӺʱȷʵŴһŷˮ˵˿ˮأʲôĻǺһ׵ġ벻ҺҲҪ˲Ű˵˲ţơ
Ȼ䣬ҲһͣЪڴ
ôͳϲƵġ
ŵļˣһŹŹñӵˡʱ˶мӣһ˾עһ¡ȻҲȥʱȥġº˵˵һ¡ڷˮ֮ϣƺǸˡ
£кǳ̵ȥ档
Ҫˮ⣬ǵúʹġ
ڵģȻһÿһׯд峤дһ㡣
һǷũҵÿׯҲܴ֮ϾǺʦүҲǸˡ
һݴ壬ȻһЩ󣬱㿪ʼѯˮԴ
Ǻܺѽ
ͷһ̾
⼸Ҳɫԥ
Ƕǻһ͵ˣ˵ḻҲǿĶ˵ˡ
ȥۺر䡣Ϊֹ춼ûɶꡣֿ쵽ּڣĿǰֻҪһ꣬ǿֲġµǣֲȥˣȴˮء
ˮǺܿµ顣
Ϊ˽ǻᱼ·̡
ȻһȺ˶üͷɻʡҪ˵⽨һˮ⣬ͿԽˮôֻҪÿׯˮ⣬ʱ캵ˣҲԱ֤ȫĽˮⰡһд󺵣˵ˮ⻹ܽȫ˵Σءô򵥵¶Ϊʲô˲Ը
ڳȻ飬Ǻܼ򵥵顣
ǣһ׳ȫĿ
ˮ⣬Сһģ˻ȥھ򡣿Ǵˣ˭ͷȥڰ˵ˣƽʱҲͿ࣬׳ˣǮҺڡһЩ˺ӣˮ⡣Ҳ꣬˺ٸ캮ǣĴСǲڼŵġҪû
ȻҲû뵽ġϾСˮûõģҪ죬͵ôˮ⡣Ĵˮ⣬ûǣͷһѹȥڵġ
ʵ˵ΪûǮȻһ󣬱Լδչ˵˳
ҵϸ죬ǵػҪƣԺ롣Ҫе״͵һЩһ顣ҾãȫˮͬʱЩڳ͸޽ˮͬʱܹϾ֮ǰЩŽʸƷҲֻǺܼ򵥵ĸơ
ƵıʸԴҪӸϸƣˮʱְıˣԺǺǵػʲôģΪ޽ˮöĳλֻҪ룬ڵĿֵóԵġ
ȻԼĹ˼˵ֳ˲;
ȷʵãܹǵṹܹˮ⽨Ķȫİ취ǵȻҪ
и⣬˴ˮ⣬ҪٵĹߺϰԸˮ϶ͽˡΪϰոˣԲŵ鵽ѽ
ֽһ񣬲ԼؿȻ
ºǺһЦˮ⽨Ǵ£ǴļԳ任ǮԺʹЩٳ
ĿǰһӻǿȥҲûбҪǵʡ⼸ǮҾˣԺǮʹļ⣬۳ôÿľͳܳģʹӴõ۳νǮǮΪ˺ǵĴ롣
вģңҪɡ
һ仰ǾͷǾ͸ɰɣΪ˺Ϊ⺮ǡ
츣飬ȻҪ
벻ͷ֮껹ַܿľ󣬳̫лˡ
ͷ˵ţһչδͿʼٿȫ飬ѹڽˮ͸ı鶼˵˳
˶鵹û̫˵ҲйֹţŶûǮԷأ
ŶɶˮʲôģǺ¶ҼҶҪ
ѽҼŮҲҪˣֲַǮˣָǮŮŪõļױءѽ¶ɸϵġ
ָЩ£˵Ƥզôǳأˮ츣顣ɣǾͰȥǻܳϷŮȢϱģ˵ѽҲĵ¸ĵ·ǣ㻹֪ʲôط˼Ҵ̹أǶ̹мǮһĺȳŽѵšԶ˼ˣɵͷһǮҲ
Ҳ˸̾ţţҪ֪㣬ôõһˣǻôԼԼЩ¸˼վǣͷЩǮ⣬ǳ׳İƾ⺮ǵˣһ
ˮ⣬ıĴ¶ҲΪЩϰ밡룬ǳ˲ǣǵӻôûǮǻŻȥǮȥȢޣȥŮ𣿡
Ǽֹ˱һֻڨڨصͷңҲ˵˵ҴӦҲôģҲô˵ˡ˵ҡĻţ
С֪˾ͺãҪסǽˮ⣬ҲΪ롣Ҫǽ캵һûճˡԷɲ͵Ԥı滮δôǲǰǵλʱ캵ˣĿӴ
ˮ⽨Ҫ¶ԺǾͺõĶˡǴһﶼͬǾſɰɣҸд峤ԼǼ۴һһ¡ôʱͷֳɼˣôȥˮ⣬ⶼõĺ˼ơ


359 ɱ

ѽȡ֮ǰ㶨ҲˮڳǺǵһ°ֻҪȵˮǿǾͶ
һжѾáڱĴҲ˵һ£Ҳ׼㣬ɲǺܺõԳ˵ĺ٣ǶִС
˵ɾ͸ɣ죬ˮ⼸ǿεĸˡȻڱѧ棬ҲǸһȵġǸˡ
ȻҲģ˼ڵѡϣҲȷʵһ׵ġڼ򵥵Ŀ˹󣬻һӺʾ⼸󣬿ʼ˿ˮ⽨Ĵ¼С
⼸ˮǰǸǮ˼ҿˮ˵¶ƵˣҪ濴Σôׯ
ԭҲԼǸһĴڣԱ뵽һҲԼѧҲǺġ
ÿϰóݵʱˮǱйԺȻҲǾľİԼĵѧӵ¡
ǿЩǶΪ룬ضǸûǺһ飬Ҳ޽ˮ⡣
һжõķչ
ڴͬʱвٵӿ
Щ񣬳ȻȻӭǼǺǡĵطȻķ
ԭĵضΣҲвٵĵطһҲ˵Ӱӡڣϰ죬һ߼˼ҡ
һͨĵ·Ҳͷࡣ
ֻǰȻһ⣬ҲҪܶ
Ҳ֪㣬ֻҪһһԵĵͻӹĺܺá
ȻȻֻǵĻš
Ȼ廹Ǻ巢չķǲġ
Ȼϲǣ߹־Ȼʱ򷢻ӳ˼á
ǸСũ񡱵Ϲ
ũҵ֪ʶȺܶﳣֵ˻Ҫḻ
Ϊ˿źǫֺͣظɻԣʱҲӮ˲˵ء
ֿȻϳǿȴĽĶࡣ
һũ񡱵Ҳ͸ˡõصͬʱһֱҪũҵһҵľġ
ǳ˶չˣȷĶ־첻Сܣÿ춼ũֵصĵ֮ࡣæƨɲŵأúܾȴõĽ
ֿһҲڳ˼ܹɹҾͲǶϹˣҾͱͬǹ߳ȥ˻ӭߵһЦǺǵظк龢͸ǴһզûأԲ
ǣһ˾ͿʼϾˣһʼԽҪôǽ赱СҲҪȡΪϰеһԱ
˿ˮܰյأ־Ͷˡ
Ҫ˵⿴ˮҲеģƾɶܿҾͲܿѽ˵ǰǾ洳ʱ򣬰ʿãⶼ˶ٴˣ
ˮһǾȥ£
ǣлῴˮľ͸ȥ¿ˮˡ
ǲῴˮȥأֻѽֻһ
ûϵ˵ˣֻҪԸǶһͬʣϰҲԴ
ǾҲȥѼģҪңҾĵʵ뷨ôһȥˡ
粻ϹģͦðʺҰǾɣȥѼˣܵõԼԡ
һˣȴʣһ϶ûضȥû취ȫǶ˼ҿ£ûҽǣ϶￴Ż˵ػؼң͸ˡ
˶ҵʺϵĹֻ֣ѽ˭ң
Ǽϼһػȥúô۰
üһĪչʱȻˡ
ȻЦĿ϶ӯӯһݡ
ϵһɰ϶ŹǺһ󣬲֪Ը
϶˷ˣϻǶŵġŶʲô˵ܰæҾͰ˰ɡȻǰܴܰӦ
ȻģЩũ﷢ԭƻϲ˵ģȴЩطӸˡЩӣǲƣԺ»ӿҲ֪оġ
Ծ룬ϼȻоǿ϶Ҳܽⶾѽ֪ܲЩĲ溦ôЩɱ
¶ŵȫǵܽһ⣬ǿɾһͰ
϶꣬źЦˣ˭˵϶֮ˣӽҾҪˣ϶ĶҩҲǿ츣յġ
¶ˡӦˡɱôС˼¶ǾҵֺϷСѾͷͰϷˣߡȥǸӵĵطгӣϷ
϶һҲٴȥһᣬֻ֤Լ֮ˡ
˵ҪҲҪ֤˶֮ջﲻ˺ҩҪġȻεһҪ
϶ٶؿڹЦű֤ӴСѾͷιͷһٸİɣ϶ֻҪˣƿصüõġڶǾûġ
ˣѾͷҲ˵ˣֵ¼ġ˵гӵĵضô߰ϷѾȲҪȥˡ
Ȼʱ򣬾˵϶ƢŹ֣ǼദġҪΪѵ뷨˭룬ȴġҲ飬϶гӵĵضȥ
󣬵϶6ǰȥٺȥüغֻܺߺߣ϶͵ɣܵ⼸졣
϶һôΪֻԼܳǡ϶ҲԵģǲ֪һֱΪϹڿǱΪඡڵңÿߵ£һĺܡ
ЩϱСϱʲôģĲ˰Ӵǲһֱҿ𣡿Ǿ͸ҿҰҲж
ǿЩز˭аַֹ첹õ·
ǣЩЩСϱҵأ
ûаɣûǾͿŰ۲
䣬ɿһѵزȴôҲ˵϶Ļ
ȻȥĿǰΪֹЩûܺá˶ֻ
˼ϰȻû˵ǣǴİ
զģյĺˣڱ϶ﻹѽ
Ҿһس裬զأ
ѵȥȫȥ
ǣˣܵ

⼸ϹܹܿϰյУȻǺܸ˵ġ


360 

Ͼ⼸ǵĽ
ȫϰյУǵԼļңôԺҪ
⼸϶ػȫǵİգǲɼңҲк֮ǣ
һʲôģܹǰƣ𰸣ȻѹͲȥġ
ԭΪԼһᱻӳ
Ȼǣˮ⼴֮ǰȻȻ̵ܲܽȫǵһЩһ裬Ժ󺮳µʱҲԽףʲôġ
谡Ӵ¶ðҵĳ
õɪˣһԶ쳤Լļ֣ЦĸӻˡúúãڿʼҾͿʼ裬֤ʱ򺮳ǵİնܹ裬裬ݼ裬ؤȵȡ
ʲôҪ㾡˵ܰ쵽Ķȥɣٺ٣СѾͷҾǿ˳۶ҪеˣҶ㵱ɹŮء
ȻεЦЦ˵ϧĻ˵ĺôĲڰʾңҪհɹŮУ¶һٶء
ĮǾ˸ڲϡЦݲ䣬̬ȸǫ͵ؿ佱ãùõĴ˵ǰ˵ôô˵˶ûġҪ˵ˣǸǽһء
ֻϣǺǵܸѧһЩԳһЩɫ裬Ժ󲻹Ǵ͵ļ룬ǻ֮ģЩ趼óҪģһǺǵɫھл֮ʱҲιۺǵˡ
ҵĿ꣬ǰǺǽɾߵһĳС⡭ҵĿ갡

úܿգΪԼܵýܶˣǺͳһ˵Ǹϲ˰
Ȼ̵˵һЩҲˣŶѽǿԺǺܹߵǰȥˣѽѾͷһʼͿ˲ӵ۹ҲǺõģԽԽϲˡ
ǸСѾͷҲĺܰģҲһɡ
ʱľڸһִŵضţҪнŶҪнŶ
Сű˺ü죬ɻûһ㡱
һߵѾͷС˵ȵȣһıЦֲЦ
˭֪СүƤӱЦˣԺСүðյĲа
ǾСѾͷҲǣŶˣһקнŶнŶЩµŵ԰һЩˣһֱŵԵġŵԵˣǺˡ
űקĺΣߵĵһۡ㡭
Ͷ䣬˵ʲôûͷˣ˵ʲôеʲôŶûѽ
λҡͷͬؿŸ硣
С㰡һ˻ôͱôɶѽ
ôţоҲͦõġ
ӣڸǿֶˡ
տʼ˾⸮ɾģֻһʱ䶼ôѰ
ǺӶźð֡
ǵȻ˵СֻǺٺٵЦ
۾תתٶʹдһɣˣ˰Ǹ֮ˣȻŵԡұŶ
ˡչǸӣ˦֡һź㡭
еòŽŶģһѽ
СģǱŵòˣ󻹲彣һ䣬ʵɣҲǷǵҽӴ˵ģʱ򶼶ڰǱǸ簡㻹ǹҽðɡֻϲߺߵӡŸ磬Ӻ˧ŶϲŶ
һżֱ˵ˡ
ѾͷƬӣ̫ɪ˰ɡ
Ժ󻹵һţҪӵĻﵽͷϣô
Ѿ˲䣬һΰĿ꣬ԺһҪѾͷƬʰһ٣Ͳ֪ôд
ڹƶоҲȥŪˡ
Ͼ簢˵ģֹƶ廹кģ
ôСõоչǲġ
ԳȻϰƶ
СѾͷеģû¾׽ŪһŸ磬׽ŪһѾͷСʲôġ
һȻҵҪѧСһֵúǺǵģ谡ððϲϷȥˣϷ𣿡
ȻؿŮϵرˣҪ裬ѡ
ʣϷҪʲôĴ𣿡СһԴĵ۾ĿĳȻĶˡ
Ȼǲ˵ҡͷ˵ҪôܷȥأϷɸ߸ߡ
ȻָԺ⻹ҪȥǾ͵긴һ׮վ׮𣿡
СѾͷ뵽ÿᣬɫҲѿ
Ǹ࣬ͰҾúŶǲڿ˰ɡ
ȻЩεĿŮŮʲôãǳԿ͵ľô
ʲôܼȥһǰ壬ŮĳɾͲ
Ȼתһ룬־ãСѾͷҲûҪǵ÷ȥԺһŮӿզѽ
ԣȻûȥȰ˵ҪôôȥϰʲôģСѾͷôôôɣֻҪ־ͺãӵһֵͯʲôá
Ȼܰɲ롣
ȴãҵŮô޲ȥ
Ůôˣ
ŮҲõıְ
ڵķ˲Ů
ŮӻĽĲˣ߳ȥ˼һᵽĸĽ
ھķչܰʵϣŮӡ
ɳȻȴֻϣŮӵķ淢չ
Ϊ⺢ӴС̫һ㣬Ҳҡ޷ġҪڶˡ
ԣһѡ񣬳ȻǺֵ֧ġ
칽ͱ˺ǵչǸ
ǳȻһִģֻ٣ж޳ɵġ
ˮ裬赸ٳ黹е˳
ʮʱ䣬ǵˮɡ赸ӣҲ̶̵֧Ķʮʱ䣬þȻʹ֧ɫ赸飬ò˵Ҳƴġ
һ죬ȫǶңɺôӣи赸ӣСƷԼˣȵȣȫһ죬˺мĻ㳡ݣףʽС
ȻνĻ㳡ҲǳȻ֡
ʼܶ˶֪ʲôĻ㳡
ֻҪǳģܶ˻Ըܵġ
Ļ֣ǵõ˲ٶ˵ϲ
νĻĻһǺշ
߳ȥĺϰգһ˵ǻĻ㳡ǳ
ܶ˾ҡͷ˵ûСֽʲôĻ㳡


361 ó

Ȼ󺮳ǵϰվ͵ɪˣɿɣǺһǻרŹ֣ɢĻ㳡ҲרŵӣרϷ糡רŵĸֵֶָӡ𣿡
ܶ˱һʣԼȻԶԡ
ΪǶһɢɳǵĳ񺮳ǵĳľȥ¸ȥСȥ±ȥΪ񰲼仧ͬʱΪǰȢϱŮӡ
ǳչǵǮơǶཻһЩ˰
ԼҵĳûǮǶһЩµĲŻš
ǵĿڱνԽԽá
ںǵˣΪ޽ˮɹףʱ򣬳ȴӭһĿˡ
ȥҪúǵǰ֪޵һΡ
仰˳飬ϰǵһѲĺòã
ڻ˵;Լǳεġ
Ȼĳдõ飬ʱʸ˳㴦һ£˵֮еһСС顣
ڳεǣϵ⺮ǲúǵ˽Ӵֹڴ󳼵ĸ棬Ƿֳɼɢǡ
һߡģ㡣
Ҫ΢ǿʡУǳ¿ô죿
һֱ΢˽ðôˣΪġſ޿žû顣ǺĪԴԾӣֻԼƽ֮̿ġȥҵطסĶöˡλϢʱ䡣
ǻأǸϽѯʡһֵľ͸ĺһ
Դϣ޾ͺͻʺһȥ߿
һֱվһߵӺݻĻʺûɶ
е㵣ĵģϣһΣô죿˵⺫ǿɲǺܰġ
ʵ۴һڣ޷˵ˣǼֵĽʿЩҲǴ׵ˡ˵Щڻũҵרҡ޺ڴҲ֪ڱ˺εӡ
ʺΡĳǾǺǰ󣬵֮ɱһ𣿡
ʺҡͷ󲻳Ļˡ
ʵ۵ͷ޾ôɣĺǣڷеʱ򣬲ֻʮҰ̯ĵطҲϰٺгתơ㿴⼸··ϵȥ
ʺȥɲôÿ·ϣ
ûǣܸܵеķʢңЩ˶ǱŸɫɽǣŮﱼȥ
ЩϣҸЦݡ
Ͽϸʺ󣬺Щգڱĵطкβͬô
ʺŲԶЦݣҿģİǣƺӡһϣºЦݡǵƤȻҲɣġǵľ񼫺ã˵Ƕڵ൱⡣
ʺڵĹ۲ԽԽϸˡ
ʵôһ佱ʺҲԭǿЩ˵ɫĳͬ߹֮صİ˼ҽǣҲûϲǵأȴǴ˶ϲɫɴˣҪȥ΢˽ãʵظһǵľӺζ
֪ߣʺҲʵ۵ܺãЦţźȺȥ󣬼ʼŵĲˡ
ʺЩ̾û뵽ܼҵķȻܹѺǽڵĹģ˵ȷʵҪ׿ԶԶĿţǻͦйģӡͦ£ͦġҲһ㿴Щ˶ŵӵģһЩµն
ϡʺһ˵ſȥʱȥĴϣ˻治١
ʵ⻹ֻǳأû
һ·ϣöŵǣźӣˣŶߵũ
ЩũȻŻͦආģͦá
ϴŻʺһԶһǣźӵһȥ
һ˽ǣ˺һ򸾴һӡ
Ǻӿţͦɰģ۾ϵɨܣʱʱһԼĵһЩС⡣
Ǵ˾һǺ󣬾ֵݸǸӡ
ǺӵĸױϽ֣͹ʹãⲻƷô
ǺȻԣ˲ɿڣӾֻʹ̿ˮʵֺǺǵذֶ֣ҷɳԲˡǿ⺢ͦɰģҲǴЩ¶
˵Ҫ¶ҲȷʵǳԲǺ«˶Ҳл£͹٣⣬ܻشԻش𡣡
λװ磬ӦʡǺǵ˰ɣ
ӻǴС׳ӡ§źӣڼ˲۵·ɨһۡ⼸ˣű֪ǷǸ˼ҡȸǲ
ûС翴˵Ǻ׼Ƿ˵ڽе㲻һˣʱҲʱطĺšԺ棬߿֪զòһ
֪ģ⺮ǣɹĵطһڵĻݣǾҲĵطӴ
ӺŶǺǺǡЦһ£Ǹ˸Ǻܸпνӹλ˵ȷʵȷǺǵһطǸĵضء
ڲһӴ㿴ڵĺǣķ羰ҴڹǺǵⱱߵĺöطû취ȵġ
ۺҲüһأһеĸı䣬Ϊһó
Ҫλ˸Ǵ˺õ¸ۺ
Ŷó⻰Ҫô˵أ
Ϲüźʡ
˾ͱȭžǵķ˹֣˵ǵϾһԶأ
ʺıɨһߵˣü䣬Եźϲáʺ죬ܼҷ򸾻ĵ˶֪ʶƵԶ˾ǣʩͬʱҲǻʼҵĺƶ
˵ʥ֪ǳ˲ţԾ͹һǣǷչ
ҲĹıһոµĳǡǸͷ棬治һĴ󰡡
ǰһ˵𺮳ǣû֪֪ģҲֻƲҡͷ˵ǲë֮ء
ڣܶ˶֪˺ǡΪںǵĶԶظǡӽµľǣҲǺǵز
˵氮ԵӸɣǾԺǡ
вٵķⰡ֮СزЩܹ򵽵Ķö໹Ǻǡ
뵱꣬Ǻǵ֪ʲôɫ㵰ˮ𡢻⣬ѾָƷַʯ񰡡ҶζصƲƷ
ɳ˺󣬰Щȫ˺ǡЩҪϳĺöʳۺǡ˵Һܲ˽ô


362 ΢˽

ۺʹصͷԭûǵġ
Ȼһ·ٵطĳǺǳڣңǳ۵ĺöණкǵı־Щ۵ССģҲǡ
Ϸʱ򣬵ۺ˾˵˺һƬΪԷʱƵ⺮֮ءҪǷչѸ٣ܰɶ
λҲߵˣһ䣬ĵط⺮Ƿḻô
ҡͷߵسź룬ûаɡǺаΪһĵط
Ͽ˵𺮳֮صĽշѵӵиšȫµİգԼĳΪңԺôĵжʡģճԲϷǴ£ĲȣҪ췴
ʺҲǰԵͷģܰ˰
Ҳʣǰطôģ浽˲ë֮أô˵ҲһǰɡôҲȥİɣ
ǰҪ˵ǰطĺӴ
ͷһ£˻ʺ⣬Ҫ˵ǰǻԵģûСûССӣǰֻ˼Ҹһӻ
ǻһҲǿԼĶӻ챥ڰڼһӣһ굽ͷҲǳԲġôꡣҲһһ·Ǯǿ뱥ǲٵӴ
ǣԴǰ֮ȫĴĴ£һƶ¸ĵ·ѽ
ʵۺǸȤʣ֪λô̵ǵģ֪ģǰطǲֵصġ֣ҲֻһЩ򵥵Ϊ⺮ؽ㣬ȴûʲôٴׯͼ˼ңǶʮǴĴׯˡкöĵضϡٵҹҲˡ
ʺüôϡٵĵض
ͷϰԵ°Լĺ룬ǺǡҪ˵˰˶һֵصģĻ£Դȥıѡӣָÿһôֲʺϵ
ǲ֪Ӵֵѽ˵ȥˡأ磬Ƶض֡磬ʵĵضֲֵ֮֡Ҳġ˳˴ָҲҵһЩʺϺǴֲڶ꣬ۺǾͰ˹ֲյľ氡
ֲ˻ǿظҵΪʵأ͵ðֳҲΪˣͶʰԼ˽ǮͶȥ˲ٵ֣Ѽ֮ģ˷ʵͬʱһЩڵǮҪǿЩҵھǵ˻ܳǵӸء
ڼ﷢չĺˣЩȥѰ׳ǣﻹȥһŻۺˡҪ㵱ۺôʢҲǶǰġ㿴ϱֿʼˡǰǸôãСʱеǸүš
ͷ˵οؿŶӵϱϱɫк󱻼ļõġ
ٹһҼҵ˿ҲඡҲӣϰӰ
С󣬾ĸۻ͹ۣҲûûزɣûڻȥʱһȥˡԼԣˣǲҪǲ죬һϵ˶ܸһ£֪ʲôز˽ܵġ
ʵЦǺǵصͷúúãСⲻϵ˺ͦ鰡
ǣǿôǺǳŻӭǡ
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˵˵ž˳ſڣڳſֵسʿվˣĸҳʾǵĹģһ࣬򡭡
λԶĿ˵ǵóԵ뺣ǡʡĿ̣񣬽һһǮշѡ
շѵıкʡĸλ뵽һǮ·ĵ
һ˿ʿҲͬĳŵʿҪôǺҪôǿġģȻдһ
ʵ۱ŷĵط⺮ǣڵȤԽԽŨˡ
˲Ű⼸ؿ̴ˣӭλ]ģһ8ˣưǮ˰ѼǮݽȥٴذһŵӵݵǰ͹٣ǺгزǿԸǵĵӲοһ£ϲģҲӭǢ̸ǺԶӭǡ
ʺĻȤغͻ϶һۣĺǺһЦǵͦѽǵĵط̵ĳУ˵νǵһ
·ϣϺͻʺȤشĴ
ףȻкüŴ
ʵ۸ȤĴ򿪵һŵӣȴ滹Ǹسʿ˵ģزϸб
ͼϸĽܡǳŵļλʲôĶС
㿴滹з羰εĵطӴ˵⺮ǸСӻͦиоѽһЩͼʲôطɫĳԳԵʲôʲôģһԷ򸾣ⰡЩͼгʳҶˡʺһŵ档
ʵֹǣЩǽ뺮ʱҲһܵͬĴ
ͯӣλһҡͷ벻ܼҷ򸾾ȻӪĵѽ
ɲôÿһ̶ӵϣ˶ܶԺ˽⡣Щͼͼн˵ܲԼȤҲ᲻úӵôûȥ˲ܿʱһٸһ˸ȤһΣ⺮ҪҲܰ
Ȼϰվòܺã㿴Žֱߵİ̯ߺȵģּۻ۵ģһͦһ׵ġҴҲ飬νǰʲᰡˣÿһ˶ԾӣķòҮҲ˵ͨڳһ߶ι䣬һ߷̾
ʺһƬڲͬĳУҲźǸ̾˵ϰȫĵط󺮳չǴ𣿡
ʵҲǸпĵͷҴҲܰһԷͣ˿ԶҲתĿ죬ؼģ뷨ҲӱвٵĶǵ뷨ŵذ
ʿũ̡ʵ̡ũǺҪġũҵҪʳʵǱȻƽĶǣַչúܲĿǰҵũҵֳеĺܲ
ʱ䣬ǿԿȥһ߰ʵ۵Զʺȴ̾һ֣ס֡


363 Ϊ

ֵֻһ档
ȴ֪кܶĿ
Щ꣬ǻʵܻ֧֮ţһ˽ҵ⣬ѹͺڰ취á
꣬Ϊ֮ս֮ʣٵӿ룬ЩǲòãҲɱ֮ڣͻʵܻǿ֧ŷֹҡԺأΪˣʺҲǵǡ
˵ǵˣܶ඼õģĵط˵һƬǰõҲϡС⼸߶Ǻǵԭס񡣳ҪôҲ˲ٵͲʺű߶Ҫ֪ǱأʵǺܿġΪʲãһֱõ
˵ӿ룬Ȼ˺ǵ鷳Ҳ˲ٵ˲šܼҷǻƴЩԱǴ֮ûһĶңҲԷ򸾰˴йءûʵۺܿ϶ؿ佱˵Ĺ
ΪǵʱѾӽ磬綼ֻڽϹ˹䣬ûгǣҲûȥת
ϣȻ𱬡
Сߺﲻ
ϣǲȥһԳ𣿡ʺʡ
Ҳȥ˵Ƿ򸾾¸ϣȥ¿ɡǱ߶һǺѧѧ⺮ǹ֮ġ
Ȼ˵΢˽ãʵϺͻʺôܹ΢ġ
ܶʱҪ˼ǵİΣһҪߣԷҪѾһС
һ뿴ԷأܸоһԴѽ
ʺųķЦ̾
ʵνĳҲסķԺӡ
ԺҲİھǵʱ򣬾Ժӡ
⺮֮أĺԺӾرĶࡣ
ǶӵĹ֣Ҳ˳ࡣȥԵҹʵƺ̫ߣԡҪȥҹС
ʺ¸߰Ҳûзԡ
ۺһҹҹл̯λȥ
һԼʮϷ򸾣ȻͲСϵ·Ҳġǿźܸɾֺͷʰĺ䡣
˹кˡ
ۺ˿̯λͦɾģҲ࣬òƿ˳ԵҲ⣬˸λ¡
λ͹ҪԵʲôζģи־ѡĻ磬ζڶزڶ㹽ڶҪʲôĶУ
ۺ΢΢һŶҲܳôƷ֣磬ƺдСģɫƤ
ǺǡôƷֵȻ͵öһЩǳ˽̵ǵġҪŬƷ֣ʵпθȡһˣһˣһξۼ̯λһȺĻ硣
ǳСҲҪ̵ǣʵˡ
ɲôǳŲֹأǾһĽ̵Ǻǵôܷ¸ôܰá˵ϣвΪϵ¶ȥ̹ءΪˣ˻һǻᡣֻҪ⣬԰дڻᣬ˵ˣȥǶæ˹ⲻȥڵǮ󣬸һЩС֮ȥлǻҲ˵ɶ
ۺĲϵͷһθ̾ð
Ʒ֮࣬һÿһ°ǣ̫ˣ˷ôʵе㻵Ϊѻ򸾡
ð죬ҲвٵĿԶġ۷˾ͷһƷֶһЩ¹㳢ʡζһյǮһġ
㲻ǿˣһʺǲ˼ˡ
᲻ᣬˣԭǸĳʳֻҪ͹ϲԺٶչ˾ͺá
ʵۿϻ¶һӣи˶зݶ
һ£Ƕˡ
Ҫ֪ǸŵۺУûõĴء
ٿŶ˵ǰĻʱһıԵ൱ĸмɰѻ۵ģһôһȺ˻ͦġһЩɣҲװ
Ȼǳ˵ģǵۺǵһĽֱС̯Сԡ
һʣǳԡζҲȷʵǲ
Եۺ˲֪أǰһĻˡ
ŽֱߵĸɫСζʺŮһģҲϲҲá
֪أ˲١
Ȼÿֻǳһ㣬֣ۺҲŵ·Ǻ
ϰ⺮ǲŸõһҹ˯ʱʺ˸иš
Ժǵܰ򸾣ǺøбΪԺУйԷ飬ۺ󶼿ݵĶ࡭
ԭͶҪȥԵڶۺϴ৺󣬱ȥ
Ӵ˾һ̼ͨҷ򸾣żιһһ·ϣ治ôۡ
ţú󣬱䵽һСĵض
ߵڣд񿴼ӭ
λүιǴİɣиزҲвʤ羰ǼλС϶Ϊһ򵼵ģ
¿˵Լоģ϶ֺǺǵؽͣҷģͷҲǷõģˣĴ񶼻ͷܵġ
ϾЩʣſ˽ȥй䣬õֵʱ𣿡
С϶Ҳʮ꣬ȻͷףǾرĺáǺǵЦӴ͹٣⻰˵ģ˵ȷʵǣǴׯڶʣֻҪпǾҪǸסΪֻп˶ǵĴׯȤŻǵزǵЩξ˼ԺŻǵĴׯӳԶ˵һơԲʱģͷ׬ˡ
ʵһҲˣǺǡׯˣ˼뻹ͦȽѽ
С֣Ǵׯǳʱ򣬸ׯɫһЩ飬ټǴˣԶԽЩ취λ͹٣뵽߾ǵ
ۺ˵ˣǲʱ⣬Ȥȥ
һ죬ԭȻҪȥׯģȻߵһʱׯĵҪȥصӲһԣ;ʱתȥׯ
ʵһгţΪ˲ϳԼ˻һЩ򵥵αװġ
ȻȲϿţȴǻƽͨ˵ӡ
ԣۺˣ·ʱȻҲδʶǡ
ʱǰһƬ۶ء
ۺŲٵزƵسþͿʵ۳ʺ˸Ȼȥ
λˣһֱڶطĪǵﳤ˽ӲɣʺȤ
Ȼͷ΢΢һЦ˵Цˡǲӣһرһĺá


364 ߲

ʵȤŨŶ˵ôرһı󣿡
ȻָŵׯڣҾ밡ΪʲôũҵһļȴǳԲůһﺵ֮ļڣݱ䵽Ůĵز
ʵɫҲˡǰҴ룬ع㷺Ҳ֣Ȼÿ˻ǲҪ˵ռңĸڿ졣˰Ҳŵðնĵز
ȻΪȻصͷ԰Ҿ룬ũڿˣҲˣΪʲôأʵ׷ףһԭ򣬾ǵĶ̫ˡӵЧ̫ˡСŮһֱ룬Ҫôܷ֣ҸڵԭӡֻиӣĶҴİ´зԡ
оµӣ
ʵʹסĹؼ
ԣҾ룬оµƷ֣ڵ״ܵõ̫ĸˡ
Сǿоģ溦ĶҲߵСƷ֡
ҲǱˮˮһˮ޷գڿա
״ȻãҲԸıİֻҪܷһںҲֲˮأǾûˮǲҲջʳ
һᣬǻʺҲȤˡ
ںֳˮ¶ˡˮˮȻ֮ΪˮҪˮֲ𣿺ҲֲȣĿУ
Ȼŵػӻ֣ΪʲôУûԹ˭Ҳ֪ܲܳɣ
ֳܷĵȣɾܻҴ̫ʳΣˡһƣ츣յĴ鰡ʵ۳ϣؿųȻ
ţ־¾ɡֻҪϷѰңЩҲ϶ֵᷢġǺаׯĶ̫ˡôãһĶŲٽĲϧȻĵ̾
ʵȴԼĸζ˲뺵˷ˣλ̾Ȼ֪㣬ġж󰡣λСӣĪǻҪĶ
Ҫ뵽Թһֽ׵ĶϧҵҲҵĶĶŴʳͻˡ
ʵ߶ףʲôӵģСӿɷ񻭳ޡҿϷпܿأ
ȻרעԼ˼ѹûע⵽ʵ۵ޣ
һڵವؾͻһװӡ
ףôţǻƽأʵۿǷ˰죬ȷ˵ԼĴ𰸡
ԭлƽǲҪɫģȻ˷ܵʡ
ҪȷʵǻɫġҼǵãʵԹⶫӲĺܣôóԡ
סȻ϶صͷŻʵ۵ģ·һһʵۺΡʺǳԳԵЦѾͷе˼
λСӣ˵֪ģĿʵۣûֳѽң˵ܸ߲Ī˵Цİɣ
ô˵Цֶȷʵܸ߲ѽֻҪֺˣĶǲġȻ
ٽĶʵһĲˡҪ֪ǻʼֲĵأֵõģ˵ҲĶСٽĶٽܶ
˵СӣҲǴ㡣˵ףڿʱϧûгɹʵ۴Ȼ
ֹ˵ֶӴڵģȻȴֻⶫֹ
԰ֹȻֻʵԺܶ˶˵ⶫֲֻι
ȻǸӴ˵Щ˲֪ôֵġôȵȣǲһȥһɣСһģȥ
ۺҡͷǲ֪СȤֲҿԸӡ
ӣȻ˷ܵرúúãҳҪǮ
ʵЦֻ꣬Ҫӡ
ȻȴɻˣҪӣⲻðɣϲеڱ¶ͷĪǱͼ
ʵֻǴһ֣СӣĪҵĶҪ˵ƽû̫Ч
࣬ҲǸˡ
ɷСӵⶫܻɸʳСԸ⣬ϣֳܰЩ̵ֲȥһҴİҲհѼ⵱ʵ۵ҲһЩ
ã˵λҺİգ絽ҼȥͣԱҾһ֮ꡣ
ۺ˺ǺЦŵͷúãСԣȥ͡
һ·ϣʺȻ˵⺮ǵһЩ¶
ԭȻĿڲžͼģʺó⣬һ·̸
ͥԺʱʦүܰھͺǵ¶أԷһʦүﻮһɻŻʵۣôá˺ģ
ܰҲ濴ȥһɫһ䡣
ʵ۳е¶Ǽ˽֮һ
Ȼۺ˼򵥵Ļױ໹û̫ĸı䡣ܰһ۱˳
УǹҪ
ʵȴǴһڣλǳ˰գ
ܰһ֪ǲԸ͸¶Լˡ
ȻദӣԵģ첻໰
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һԺƵķ򸾣ǰ밲ʺá
ϯ䣬ԵĺǹɣżùΪЮˡ
үүԲˣһЩǼҵɫˡ
ʺžӣĸζֵĲơʱҲ뵽˼ļСǡ
һʱ䣬˼֮Ȼ
ž֣ʺǰĲҪҪġ
ǰϵȡھϣţԺԵ
ܰһӣŵɫҰסϽǰֹ̫ˣ˹صĶĪ⺢ˡ
ʺ͵Ŀһů
ϱůůģţ˴ǰʺ󣬡ţҲҪôصĶյġ
ۺ⺢˹ɿˣϲĲˡһ̣ʵԺѾͷӹ뷨û취˭⺢һ˵һЦҪģֶء
Ȼܰһζƴǣ֪ǼصġԼҪʺͲȥôӵĶͲȥȻˣǾˤˡ
ܰ㷢ﻹã̻¡
ҹߵۺ󣬳ȻؿܰǶԷ򸾣ʶģ
ǡܰʵȻտڵӣ޷
ǡȻҧҧ࣬ѵ˵ǣָָϡ
ܰͷ̾ȻȻܲܲҪô
ȻȴЦ㵣ʲôǼҾҵ˿УѹõġֻҪ⺮ǣҵô뵽֮أǲȥˡ


365 

ٴھ֮أ˵ûᷢЩʲô¶
ۺһ΢˽õģԺǵİǲ֪ĳһ죬һк
ú󣬻ʵŵӱ͵˳Ȼ
ԭʵҲûˣмλܳĸ̼İ裬Իʵ۱ⶫ˳
ʮװӣȻ˷ܵĸһ
ŸſǶ˰װӣóһۣžô˷˺ðģ
źܵǵؿųȻĪ塭״ɡ󣬻᲻쳣״Ҫôģ
Ȼһ֣ȥȥⶫԺ֪ôˣˣҪȥ֡
ֲҪôڿٶӡũʺٵȻ硣
ַЩ˷ӣңЧҲһá
ԳȻȡ緽һЩũʵӪӣ水ϼӡʱٰЩƵũʱС
ΪûбĤڲ֮ǰȻϽˮȵˮȫˣŰϡ
Щӻû޲̫õĻڣӦ÷
ʦүͷͷŵϵЩʳȻѾͷƽʱͰ⣬ֵص¶ôҲ
⼸꣬Ŵһֵء
ȻҲվһ߶Ķࡣ׵¶Ȼеӡ
ȻЦΪҿֲҲ֪ⶫôŪġȻҲǺǰľйذɡ
ǰûȥ¡
ˮ֣˽ġ
ʦүˣҪоģôѺоҪָˮ괴գѰ
һ˵ҵ뵽ѾͷŪĳʳƶȡҿҪоóһĳʳƶȲСҲѧһũҵһЩ飬һЩо飬뷨ũһоֲ¶⿿ʦүһˣѶȺܴ󰡡Щ꣬ȻʹˣʱǴﲻˡ
ʦүһȻžʦүȷʵˡ
ǰˣȻòֻʮӡ
Ȼǵƣ۵ƣͣ˵ˣҲˡ
ȻĳǸ⣬ʦүԲЩ㱼ˡ
ǺǣĪ˵ЩͷһЩνġǵԱȷʵ̫ˡҽ㲻ǳʳԼĽ裬öŪƶȡ˭һõİ취ˣһƹȥЧˣǾ͸ֺ졣ڷʱҲ
Ȼ˵һҪ¶ɳȻȴ֪ġ
ƶȣǴ̼һð취ʵð취ãרŵũҵогн轱Ҳֽƶȡ
˲ԽԽ١ԾҪ̼
ڣũҵչȥΪβҲӰѲ̣̼һأ
ǵĵһũҵоһʽ
Ȼһ㻮˶ʮĶкʮĶأΪоء
ҪֲˮҪֲ߲ˣ߲ʳȵȡ
ʱ䣬ֹ֪ȥꡣ
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һУȻǳȻġ
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Ҫģطȫһġ
׼ϣ˰պԲٸڿкܶ˶פǣҹõء
ǰǵһɵĹˣ񼸺˳ˡ
죬кǵˣ˷ܵһ顣
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ǿǱĵ˵ǱڲóءҪд͵Ļ𣿡
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֪ܰԼ˶áֱһԷŭܰˣٲҶĶŮҸûȢϱ˼ˡҲֳŵҺοһֱ㡣
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