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V桿Ľڱ05.18VոģʽҼ֧֣Ϲ


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 1 
ʮ꣬ƽıٱ۾֮ɱӣĻ̡̻
ؾʱūս󽫾ǹԮ
ƽʮǣֻһ֮ӹ
ȻмҾ޹伸ףּ裬̣ҲͬӳŵһҾҹ˳ȥ
ңϽԮѾսϵ߾˵Уس
ƽȥȻ翹лһ²ס
սѪɺӣؽʷƼζ֮ѣܳŻ
·ܾѾ׷ͽŮиԼߣʹʧɢ
ʱҲսˣ飬޷ߡ
-
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ϣ˯ԣҲܸĸҥϡȤĹ¡
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ǣ˻ĿᣬڴǰӦĸ׵С
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 2 
ʽڣлΡ
ԼΪ֡
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Ǹˣİ⣬ڿԹ۲ϡ
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ͬһҲסοСԺµСѾ˯һ䷿
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⽥سˣΪ⣬ͬݵСѾżʹܷûзԣҲƼݣ˸ÿŮ
ʱԺﲻæ¿꣬żҲ׶ԼǷڿ̡
ÿܷ׶ָҩһҩһᣬ߱ĸŮҪڸ㣬öԼĺӸϿвܷڡ
СС̾һԼҲס
οԼÿһηΪĽ㶼˽°οԼԼóԵġ
Ҳʲôˡ
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ҽ϶ǵ컨
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Լķ޴֣ڿͬȾ컨ȴԼõı⣬ǽҪȥң࣡ҲҪټ
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ееʹ࣬е
ɽŻڵԼŵǸˣ裬ȥһҧתȥ
ХķУỮ۽ǡ
룬Լˡ


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컨ׯӣޣ٣·ֻһΡ
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ûȥҲûôεأ

 3 
οԺССʮѾߣΪһѾߣҵر
ⳳѣԽʱ˭û
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ұ״ҹأȻ󳳴֣Ƕˡ
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ѩװ¶ƿӣûߣ˵ȥ԰ɳ¶Ҷ˵µۼλҪԪ֪ѡĸ
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ⱻ棬ﻹŸոռ񵽵ķݡ
Ѿڶشˣڱָϣعʶذѷ档ôôСôҲ治ȫ
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ԼȥǰЩ´Ӵû֪ܹİңȥȴֻżµĺߡ



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Ǳⲻռ˸һ֣ͬʲôöʼɵģҵŮţյ
ҵĵҲǵģȸչǼȸһѳҲɷˡ
ȵʹ˷ųȥ˼ҶûǼá
ҲʮˣҲһ飬ôɲʧ˲ߡ
Ȼѵ룬СѾͷҪôŵðˣˣǰųȥҲá

ôģҩ֮Ͱȵɻ˴ϡ
ѩ룬ֱסվڴ߻ͷôˣ
ѱϣסСֻ¶С¹һ޹۾ضԶѩ˵Ӧң첻Ҫȥ
һأѩûгȥȾ컨ǱȾġҪԼָ˼٣ȥȾ컨ĻǾͲˡ
֪ⳡ컨Щ뾩ǵ˴ġ
ãȥ㲻ȥѩ֣ҪԼ˵ȥΪı㱣֤ȥҲȥġ
ı֤ŷͷţ۾
ѩ˿ſ˵ҩȥˣָš
ȵĽŲԶȥڴ۾
һʼجﾪѣųϵЩ岻װģɺСɣʲôʧҵĶȴװġ
ΪԼҵıɫ
ԽǱ˿ᣬԽǰȫ
ԺƫƧķӴ𣬴ŵױ̨ǰ
žԼ
Ůȥܲ԰ףȴģ·һԩ걻޾ĲŭѪҺܵȼա
ҪûԼһУô꣬˵Ƥ»ţȴû˻ɹ⡣
ԼеŮҲ˺һĶ
ԭֻԼĸĸһҲ
ͦӢ䣬ׯӳ游ףӸĸס
Ǳ⿴ԼҲܴҵĺۼ
Ҫɽ˵ĻǵΪԼָҲôܰԼһϵһ
ûѪԵǿ֤޷֤׹Լģڱǰľһͬ
ģֻԼȻ
ºοͻȾ컨Ƿ֮ǰƴҲҪֹȥμⳡ䣬ڣܱ¶Լܡ
΢ᣬ˵ˣлҲȥ
ȻСʱлѾ˳࣬Ĺִû
ĵһҪԺ˾ԼŵʧٳϷԼϵע취Ժȥ
ȻֻҪлȾ컨Ͼͻ̼
ϵٻϵŮϣлˣҪѰ·
ԼΨһġŮȥ̲еġΪӮΣлξȲҲܰ꣬Ǵһֺ̡
ھǰŹôԼ䵭׳ģֻԼúá
żԼ¶һ˿飬ֻռ˶ЩǸ
-
žһ죬һֻƿˤڵϱƬ
˶򿴹ͼĨı㷲վԭأһֻѩ׵èűӣȻ濪ʼë
ҡҲǹġĨվڻƿƬߣŴҽͰ͵ؽ͵ǡΪոͻȻͻȻжԱܹŵҡ
ĻƿʲôϡǴˣҲ
ֻ˺˻Ժ󣬾͸һһէĴ鶫㱡
˹צӵèЦѩŶҲһһէġ
һ˵ţһߵͷȥԹԵشèƿ˲èΪѰģϲýҪѩŶɾˡ
˼޴վԭأ˶죬һ仰Ҳ˵
̧ͷΨΨŵŵӣ۸Ȥˡ
ôԺȥһƷǻǵԼѾ߸
ǳ˰֣ȥɣЩľϸȥСǶҪӰ
ϸʺϸɣعȥˡ
룬ҪԺͷѻˣ˿ҪӣǵÿֱӰ䵽ׯȥǾٺòˡ
õġôһĨߣߵűߵʱֱµżһ£Щˤ
ƸĲݶ˹վڴһűԶȥıӰ
ҽ㡣ĲС˵ԺǲǾһֱˣ
ѺúһųĲݻЩĲ̡
򴽣ѻèȥ˵˭֪ôţòҲǡ
˵꿴һ۵ϵĻƿƬ˵ϽɨЩƬɨˣѩȵŪצӡ

⣺С飡

 8 
Ժţ뿪ǵߣȻųű·ҲС
ĻŪݵӰؽһС硣
СӻعͷǿԺı⣬Ҫ¶Цݣ;ñЩԡ
ȫûĻÿʣ˶һ㡣
֮ǰĴţӻǰվʱ⣺ÿӻɣ
š˵ͷ߽Щ㱵ţһأ
С˰ڽһ軨ݸ˱⣬һôҲøСæ»ͦصġ
û¡ӹ˻裬׹׹
ӻҲϵúܺãҶӴ̣Ѿ˻ȻռͻῪţ޼ɵط
ڿԺǸչ˻ݣӵϿɵþÿϧ
ӺܿҪҵˡ
Ժﾪ巢Ҫججߵ˶ĵطȥȻ軨ˡ
Լ챻ͳԺӵķ
СӼ㱵ظԼлȻĻߡ
ӿԺһֱߣмиֲ·ڡСӿߵ˲·ϣȴûԺǱȥλһ̤һ·ѵҪȥĵط
һ·ͨš
ⱧŻ裬֮䣬άſհ׵ɫ
źʱڽűߵԶԶؿͣЬĶ
Ů㱣ʧ˻ǣ軨Զ֪Ҫʲô
ⶥͷգͷðŻôãģµ鸡Ҳȫװġ
ŻʮԶĵطĿţԼˤˤø춯ء
ȻûüȡжĴžʹˡ
ſĶⲻɵýĿͶȥͿһʻ˽
գڵϣ⿴¾һѣ
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ڳŵξ֮нӴ࣬Ҳ˽ˡСĸ磬лС
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ڱξ컨͵ׯϡûѾߣׯϵĹ¾ͰѲֵ񽻸˱⡣
ûӽӴ֮ǰֻΪǸһΪȽŵĲмŹƧ飬Խӽ
Ǽ֮󣬱ͷִԲʵֻжҲȻǸ÷ӡ
ʱ䶼ϣؿһһǸԼһ˶ġ
Ȼֳע⣬Ҳῴ˭
ڱһȥӵʱϰ̺۵ɴûϵã紵õϡ
ӵͣ¶Ŀϡ
ɫ䣬Ҳû˵κλ
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Դˣ֪ӸŲһǸܺõˡ
ֻǱû뵽ȻԼĸ硣
վԭأԼǰʻȥ͸ŵˡ
ӡ磬ʱع
˵ҪĻеκһ˶Ǳѡ񣬵ǵлһ֣;ÿµϣ
纮÷һĹӶУ֪иŮ
Ȼǰһѽű޳ָڽϣýһ˲͸϶濴һۡ
ʲô
ʻС˺Ȼӵһ£֪ҪҪش
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леӰְǸߣκ˷ԼӰ
лׯϵʱ򣬰ͨǲģֻǰлڼׯһˣߵܵĸ̨ɽظһžۡ
Խлвׯϻ
ôȣ;ûʲôڱΣло͸ɴðҲ
;ʲô¶á
ᰶΧĻУŲһͲߡ
̫ôңһƳֻվϸӰûпб
Ůǳģֻ㱵ضŸվڴű߾Ͳˡ
СѾվԭûǱ㿿˳ϡ
ȵصлеԺ⣬СȥˣҪȥһ˳ȥԿÿٶ˸ߴ
µȫû᰿ǽľװãϵֱӴԺ
ᰱŽһſֵס˰أֻ¶һ˫۾
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ԶԶأվһ̨ͤϣϤӰ
ᰵĶѸ˼ûпܿҲ֪лôһӰڡ
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԰˵ҲֻǸİˡ
룬ûԼźġ

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ͷתͿӻСϡ
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ԶԶؾͿ˴ң±æӿŲ߹ҽ㡱
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ԺԱߴӵСѾ̾ǰӹ˱ŵĻ裬ᵽԺȥ
ôôòŻüűϲ䵽Щص
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⻹˵ʲôҾŭԶ
ŻȥСѾ߹űͷűӵϼѵվֻȥ⡪
ǵһȥܵĪľţһˤСѾֻջ֡
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ΪοԺȥԹʡ
úõһ˱ų겻ģģ˶š
۸һǸҲãѾСҲãĶôʵǹˡ

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ĺɽһͤڸߴɫϰϰлÿվˣԼԼ塣
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Ӱ˿Լ
̧֣̽ͷ
ǶȿȥֻһϸӰ
᰿˹Ŀ̾ϳűһƳǸСѾߡ
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ջĿ⡣
ҪûľٶֻҸطһޣǾͿްɡ
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صӶֻϵزԼ
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⿴ǰ۽ǣ˫ѥӣһɣߵҶҲֹͣˡ
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ԺĲŷȺ˵Ĳҽ

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ڽĻԭĴɱ˵ѾǵһΡ
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ΣΨһվŵĺŭҾҲ˭ġ

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ĻͷЩֽţ廹ھʹг鴤ȴվֵܣʲô
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ſӵǵ˿ѪѾ˺ɫ⹷İϾȻ˶
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ԼʱҪҸչ˻ϻǿԵġ
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ٰǸϣµҪ׹
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ҧ뵽кεȵĲʡ
ǰĻٱ䣬лһĶѾʰˣ滻µġ
Ϊڱ粻ԺôˣԺ÷ǳлξһŬо׹ܡ
⿴Ŵǰһְ׹ǰʱ֣ʱʧϵɫԽԽϲ
ԸоѾҵˣܿлξҪ׹ܡ
ϵȻȻûиı䣬˵ȴѾǰȫͬ
ǴӾҵϣı֣⾭ôľ
һлεӰǰʱͿüĶһɰ
һ£ϳ¶ϲı飬̥ǡ

һգԺеڿƿţ˳
Ȼ϶ôˣǴɴ·ڵסˣǰʲôͬ
ϢүԺ棬ʹϧؿһԼŮһס
лηǵĻУףŮТǵˣ
⿴⻭棬еĻ
ĵףģģ
ĿᣬǰԼ˿ȴл˵û£ΣԶǵıŮ
лεͷǵĻ˳˵Ҳģһúõػȥ
һָƽͱñȹȥ궼Ҫࡢ࣬ۡ
ǶŮ˵ǧ˳Ҫʲô͸ʲô
лξƶҽ飬˵ҪѰҵ취Լ
˶ͽ޹û˸Ҷô˵
ֻб֪õ׹ı
ǰɴվӣͿϵһصȥ
ÿ׹ĿռһΣ˾ͱһ֡
лαֻòŮȴԽԽԽԽɽԺ󣬻ǼǸ
ԺͲðžӡ
ȵϵ˿ڽȫȥ°һȫ
£⿴ժɴվھǰԼòϴź½ƤеԽ֬
ڱУ˼ֱһӨĹ⣬һ֬ɵˡ
лζžӣŲϵ׹ϸֳ˳˼ɫ
ű죬˵˾䡰ִɴ
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 20 
л֮, Ψһһʼն߲벻ˡ
лεﱾҲԸƣϽ̨ȴҡҷ
ľ⣬ٿǰлΣֻеղͬ
Ͻ, Լ̨ϣҹ, յЩ
áл˳ص˵ͷ, ʾ£
֮, 㲻гˡ
ִĳƺ, ͷ΢ǰ
⿴ĸŮǽҹˡ
ŭ, ֻл˵Ҷˡ
ǰùΪˮ, ʵʲôˣ
лһ˫Ŀɴ֮Ϲ۲ϵɫ, ˵׹ԭ˭ġ
һ
лο, ƾ׹϶ŮⱾǱģҴӱġ
ǲˡϷˮ, 򶨵ص, ׹ġ
ĪҪƭ, Ҽǵڷ׹̥ǵı, лβһ˰ȥҲޱ
ɴᵫᶨ˵ʱôСȥꡣϴˣȴûиǣԲԣ
⿴ϣڡ
Ҫ֪ΪʲôðգҲҪŮԼ
ӭŮĿ⣬վ̾һ
ϵĸ׽ȥ궼ûжԭΪⱲӶѰŮˡˣǼζԴң
Ůп֮λ
˷֣Ȼ׾ͷŹ
û뵽ȻΪԵ򵱳ࡣ
˵ʱµúܣ˭֪ǾȻϳŮʲôǵãȻǽʹ㶥Ůλá
ҡҷֻгϵ͵˵
ζ˵꣬ŮܹȥΣС㣬ǧ谮ĿѾϳȥˣⱲҲûлٻصȥô궼û˻ɹ㣬ӴԺҲ˻㿤ݡ
˵ţĿлξ׹ϣֻҪ׹ġ
л֪ΪҪʱԼ׹ˡ
ţ̧׹Щڸеľ
ҲֻףŸΪıᡣ
ҲֻףŻ컨ʱ벻
̧ͷϣԼĸпǡ
ô궼ûаѱ˵Ϊܲʵɵ˵ȥ
лЦЦô˵ȥأ
׷ģ̇ժɴ¶覵˵ûҲС㣬Ҳ׹ˣ˭Ҳı䲻ʵ
ϿŮ覵¶˾ȵɫ̲סŮζ㡪
ΪŮ컨࣬һˡ
ڸУٻ󣬵Ҳѻû뵽ϵ˾ָܹ
ңһñȴǰ
л̧ס֣óϵԼƵϡ
Լĸף˵ϳȥġö׹ҵģ֮λҲҵģ˭Ҳˡ
⸡ڰգĸŮ˼ֱŭɣ
ǹģǹԼߵģ
û뵽Լ˵ͬѩһҲһĽ㾹Ȼˣ
һ˲䣬ǰĻڻбѬŤ˶ڷ̣·š
ǰʺɱΣÿһΣܷԽЩ˵ĳ
òãȻޱȣгԹޣⶼ֪ԼǲǸøм׹Լ˽ȥĻᣬϱӵһУ
ǻţ˶Ҫ
ڣξҲˡ
һȵ壬ξ˳ԼĴϡ
ϣⴭϢţʪϡ
ץµıӣ뵽ԼмѪ׹ϵһĻ
Ǿ档
ˣҪлε컨֮ǰѪ׹֮ǰ׹ӻ

ÿնѵú硣
ǣԼķ˯ţڴɳɳ
شӴϷѴƿһ⿴ȥͼԺɨء
᰿ִӴͷ˿ɫ
죬սɫҲ磬Ҳǻɵģ⻹û͸
룬СѾͷôʲôҿĶǱһ
᰿ڴ߿ˡ
ʱôˣô͹һϣɺˣ
֪ڿԼ
Żյ˶˯ţǾɨԺӣһ߹һԼ侲ú취
Ҫȥ׹͵Ҫȥ¥Ƿ
ȥң
ɨµҶ͸еԱߵһʲôԼϡ
۾ڳģתͷŵϿȥֻǴԼһµǸСʯӣʯӵϡ
һһأ¼ɨ㳯Լ
ǰˣſʵʲô
ûа취˵ֵֻȻŷ˵ûˣΪʲôҪ֣
ᰵȻشҵ⡣
Ŵ˯ţͺ
룬ʲôɣ
ӣȥҪ٣
ɵؿһۣ
ǮĶסˡ
⣬ΪȱҲǼʮӡ
ӰǮ٣ƽҲôҪҲ
Ҫء
üҪôǮʲôǲҪЮ㣬㲻ѧȥģǷ˶ծˣ
˵꣬ȱػҲòСѾͷȥģĿܾǱҪЮˣҪ¡
Ժű߽Ӵˣ˭ܻ¡
ȫûɽºɽ׹ķ롣
ĻԭΪĸŮĶŭյı۾ȴ
ûȥİ
Ǯ죿ġ
ܹӶĳӮǮԤ֪֮ˡ
лڣڰٻʢ֮ʱѡŮݣϣѲȫǡ
ڴСĳ֮УҲзЧڵĶľ֣ʮֻƣäζĳйŵĻٿ
СĳʲֻͬĶĳĻ
ľֵʼ߱ǵ̫ξŷķҲоųĿڴ
ζ֮Һ󣬳͢ԪˣǿһִӶķԴԴϵǮԴԴϵͶ볯дҪǮĵطԲñѸٻָ
˵ŷһӵˣһĻƣǱ̡
ɫʮ壬ձǿ̵ʱˣȥķǿ֮ǰעϵü
᰿Ų֪Լľ仰̼񾭣ֱ˷ŮɨԼһȻתܣһһ˵ҳȥһˣڹ֮ǰͻ

дú
Vٵȱϯ
-
Է=3=
-
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 21 
ĺ˳, š
ɫô磬϶ûʲôˣΨһֵľǱǵĳֶķ
ֶķŷɽھп˵ǺƣӪҵ
峿ı, ˳ֶķڵ, ԼӶûнĵط
ϴеļҵ
绹, Сɰʮӡ
ץ˺ɰ
ʮӵһŻƣʮʡ
Ҫǿҩ, תۼ׬ٶ
һ, Ա¿ĻƼ̣ΪϱӸеĻҲơ
︺ŪݣСӾͽܡ
ûбȺ, ڸֻڶĳҲһֻ, ״򲻶
ϱڿԺ, ͬǱŪݵĻ
ȥỨ˵˭뵽ʮֻ, ƫ¾Ϳҩ
ڣûѡҩΪ⻨Ǳز
ڶĳпĻ, Ҳδ
ƫƫһ, ŷеľ
Ƕͽ, ˵ֻһˡ
, һҲϱһĻԼȥһܹѺҩƵĳϱӵ⣬ֻʣԼˡ
һ϶ǳۣȥ
Ŀⳤš
˳ֶķ⣬ϵ̶ţû⳿п
ȥҲֻпڶķҵ̻Ӫҵ
ӳַĶͽҪôӮҪôǰܵ䵱Ķ䵱˳ȥ
ѵ̿棬ͬʱһӪҵϰ˵Ƿǳǡ
Щ۵ĶͽܻԼĶǮ̻صĳȥ
ҧҧ촽ת˵̡
̻谵ʱ⻹ȷʵѾˣûеơ
Ǹ߸ߵĹֻ̨һͷһһڴ˯Ļơ
˽ڹ̨á
ǻ͵ؾѣΪǶĶͽˣ˯ŨصʵҪ䵱ʲô
û뵽·ȷʵһŮ
ʵʺϸҲ괩·
۾ӹ̨һ㣬ӡ
谵ĹֻóǸСѾߣϴʵغܺá
ţһҵ깫ĵ·ûˣҪѾͽһ˵Уš
ŹǷӺ淭˼·ǰ
޳еֲ·ʲôС
˷ԥشĴֲ·˶ʮǮˡ
·ƽǮͶˣ⵱ֱ̼ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ûа취ĵ̻ûţҲע⡣
·˸ķϵֱӻˣԼһŴֲѵũ˳˳ֶķ
һķǵĿӭ
һҹѱõ˳ȥ
һƬƸ̶Уҵ˹šעĵطű˹ȥ
ǸͷֱһŨ衣
ǿƵʱͷȷʵҲ˻ע
ߵԼǰ꣬ƤҲ̧ʵѹʲô
˵ʮȫѹҩ
˵ŰѺɰӶ˳ϡ
ͷ̧ۣվǰǸŴֲѵİꡣ
ˣԴ֪˭䵱·ܹ
ֻ·ǲôо顣
ⲻŤһ£ǰ߿Լȴע̲סʵѾ𣿲ע𣿡
ûС˵ǿƵʱֻʮȫҩϣҪǲһҲòȥɢ˶򼸸
մȾûɢǹŭּŻȥߵȰҲûʲôģֻӲˣҾʮȫѺҩϣҪǲҵù
߼һеĶͽҲȰȰ
Ȼô˵ˣˡʮӣӹȥԱߵ˹ƣȻӡСֶķĵݣ˵պˡ
ֽӹϸϸؿһŵݡ
ǵȿƣķԼӮǮƾ֤ˣ
ֶķһʮʮҩơԱߵĲ豭Ա˵ˣûĻ翪ƣ˾ƾȡǮ
ⵥպˣԼոյ̬ȣò˼
Ƕ߱ȭһ˵лŴҴˡ
߿Ҳûע⡣
ⳤֶķĸɫ˶ˣÿһ϶ԼĹ¡
λϣҪǸȥעעù
صǰԼ·Ǹķӣٴΰϵ·ˣ˸¨£ԼѾʹҴҵϡ
ѾļҼһͷҲ˴̡
ߣڳԽԽ졣
صţһƣûǸϽ˻صӵԺ
һԺţͿԼղӲᰵɨ㱻طһԡ
ҵɨһҶҲȫɨɾˡ
Ψ˲Ӱ
°һ룬еĽҲȥһЩ
վԺŰ᰸ո˵Ļ̲סһЦ
ڰİ᰿ձ߸ǳǳУҲȾֺǣǺְܿ
ղûųȥǰҶɨˣֿš
ͷ϶Ҫǳȥʲô
ʱлеѾ˶
æЦݣͷСųСȥˡ

ȥ˳ֶķ翪ȴûٳȥ
ֻʱ䣬ȥ˻ԡ
һзչǰһֻҪȥһ˻ԣ
ҪעĿȥȴ¡
ԺȥԺԺ󣬵һ
ͨͨţĳһ㺹
·ϻδ߽ԶԶ˵˭뵽ʮ֣ƫƫ¾Ϳҩ
ϱһģһĻһҪӺ
Ŀڣ̲סϲ룺ҩҩ
Ȳ߳һ壬Ч
ⰴ಻סǰȥ
֣СͼȰʦſġ
ŵĲ豻ʦһֻӿ׹ϣݵغʵû顣
һξѺҩҲ֪ɱôˣȻǸˣ
˻⣬ĵⲻǺˣػһԤ֪Ȼ
⣿Сӿվڻı⣬æӭ
֪ȥӵԺӣһѾߣ⻹ȥǱԺһμ
С硣
վڻǰǰһ
СһѾߵΣе֮ǰͬˣɵԵøӾִ١
˽ʵոտ˵ҲȥԺ񣬲֪ûС
Сӻû˵˵ûУͷҪұȥ㼸
ԺʲôһѾ߾⡣
֪⻨ûڹʣҸԼ֪顣
ĿĴﵽӦһáȻС˵һͷ
šСӵ˵ͷŮ뿪ǳˣڳĵѬϸ͵һ͸ĺÿ
ţʦ洫ʲôǰǸСѾ㻹룬Ҳûˣ

дˣ
Ӧĸ£лȱһһᲹϵģ
ö౦Ȥһģ
Ҳ˵һûھ˵˶أôҶӣ
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֮עһСס
-
С¾ܱ˹
Լôôգ
-
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 22 
ֶķĻƿҩ, ֻѺеš
һʮһʮ
Ȼ󣬵Ƿһͺܿɹˡ
ʮλĸҹӡ
һˣѺ˻, һȺޱȵĽ
ǧ˵С˼, ؼǸ档
˶û, ƫˡ
⸻ҹޱȸߵȡǮ뿪֮󣬶ķ˾͵һѺеǮ
ǵһҲ
ô£Ѻ˻񻹲ոһĽ𣿡
, ˹ˡ
ͶעǵĻ, ǲʱעİꡣ
ǵ͵ӣɲǻ½ġ
ĽҪô, Ҫô˶ûѵʱ
Ȼϣȵ, ĳĶͽǶʱ, ǰͻȺУעĿؽˡ
߿, ڵСȻãʮȫУĳҪʮ, ôã
Ծɴ·ũıվ, Ĩ˼ڻҡ
粻˳, Ļ, õǮ¥ûͲȥԼҪĹ
Ǯȥϱߣüǡ
кõѾˡ
ߵĻһ䣬ͳ˽Լŵݣչ˵ݸ˵Ҫ¡ǮׯƱҪһţһһţҪʮ
ʮ
¡Ǯׯųֶķһ˶ŷʵʵӣۿ۵ľƱ
á߸ɴӦ
ĵҪӮǮҪ죬ҪеģͼƱҲеġ
ƱΪףۡ
һ˺ܿȡǼƱߵϵݸԼ
һͷһʮһ㡣
ˡװϳɵùƱ˻һ־ת˶ķ˵ڲԶ
²Լ¹˵ȥϱ¥
ϣһޣľƵĳ־͹ű⳯ϱߵ¥ȥ
Ѹٵػϵ·
ڵʱѾùˣлвڷźʱԼġ
صش³ñϲԼѾߡ
ҡУٰʮóһ飬ָ΢΢
ʮⱲӶûôǮ
ⶼ̲ס룬ԼиǮһȥ׬ҲǿԵġ
ǣҲ˵ûôǮҲôɡ
ӶķӮãҪƾðôӮ˳ֶķǿ϶׵طߡ
պƱط
¥ǰⶰӵĽҲûĵط
ԼȻʹŸӮƱ˽ȥ
ΪԼĻܻԼЩȴûж࿴һۡ
˳˳¥ȻѰ˻˵ǿɵĹ
ĺû೤ʱҵˡ
۾һܣ˰
ԶԶ¥˹ѯʵ֪¥ʲôأ
תͷƳݹ£æ̧һָӣͷ£ǿҪˡ
˳ָķ򣬹¿˹ȥǿҲʽĹʾѧͽȥȡȻԱ˵¥
˵꣬̾ͳ׼õƱ
ļȣҺۣ¶һ㶡
ˬ졣ع΢ЦŽӹƱ¡ǮׯʵƱãǮ
û˵Ա߾һֻ֣ѧͽнǿɵȡˡ
һĶŵ𣬴һ˿ζʵǰ֮
˵ñö죬ֻ˵ǰôΣôûǰڳãҪˡ
ۿҪˣͻȻ֦ڣ̲סѿڶСȿеģ
󵨡վŹĻŭһҶŷ񣡡

˵仰Ժ󣬲ſԼվ˭ʱˡ
ŷվӵĴ硣
ˮеʯ뿪˱ϣԴžµŮü㣿
Լϻؼӡ̫̣ŷһϳ
ع񣺡ݼˡ
ŷͷϻؼմѪؼմźڻҡ
ôػؼ϶Ҫմ㶫
Լͷ𣺡
˱ۣվֻϣͬϻһҲܷŹԼ
û뵽һأȴ˿ա
ŷμԼǰ֣ԶȻҪ̽
ԼҪʲô
ҡ̧ͷ˵ԼΪ˷һö׹
ֻǼŷᴺˮɱ˵ĺ͸еǰԼоһ
˵ŷشߴһ
ԽᣬԽãһ¥Ĺ¶ΪһѺ
תһҧ˵ҼģҼջ
ǰ֪˿϶ջΪȥһϣָ·
Σ˵Ϊȥɽºɽײŷ¡
ǲѵĻѻ
ʯǲģ᲻ȥ֤һ¡
ŷĻĹס
ͿС¹һ۾ŵضԼ֣Լʯˡ
ͣ˶ʯȵͣԼϣҪģ
æͷ
ŷƬ̣˵Ȼˣұ㲻ˡ
ˣⷴһ¡
ְǷݹæȥӣ˵ū澴лˡ
ˡ
λȨ㳯ҰĴһת뿪¾ϻ汦װö
пǺˣܴλõеĶ
ȴ뵽ŷǳ¡
ǶԻ˵ҪƷˡ
ŷԸȫ
ΪûҴĻԡ
ûϵԼ
ֻҪ׹ȥĻҳ汦ܣûϻָأ
ţϻӳ¥
һԼϣó̳ǵɽȥ
¥ϣŷվڴǰȷʵǳɽ·ȥġ
ˣСѾһٶײǰеӶצĶǴɣ
ܵ÷ɿ죬ҲȴûԹ
ɽ½£ţԼϻӷɿɽܡ
ǣʱѾˡ
οҪڸͺһضЩҪͺɡ
Ϊ£ﶼæţҲעⲻô˳
ϻصļ䣬һ·ǵߵԺӡ
ϥǴһŽȥϣˣϡ
ɲһͿСͷʶԺԻˤһ롣
ϣæ˽ϻԱһţһ̽Ϣ
ϢֻȴŸȣ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
ⲻҽֻҪȥȣֲܰ˷ڵϡ
ǷذСͷϣһƵȻ˲ϴ˺ɽ
ɽǰ̨ףһɮ˱Ӽ
ʦүүںɽԺﵹڵϷŸȣʡ£ʦ

ղؼڿԸ
19Ÿ20ŵĸһǷҼǵã
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 23 
, ɽɮ˵ķӦܿ졣
̾˸ȥɽϰѻ̧Ȼȥ˿Ŵʦ
ŴʦҽտЩлоһֱҽΡ
ɮһסԺӣǴӷ̧˳ɿ̧ɽµ
ŴʦѾˡ
ϱ, ׯл, Ǽλɮġ
ⱲȥԺ, ûȥׯӣŴʦڻʶ
û, ŴʦΪԲѵĻϰ, ȻΪʩ롣
һҩһԺŵɮȥץҩͽ
ɽҩģеҩвҩ
ҩ, ѾɹڿŴʦҪʲôǶ
ѨƬ֮, ϺתΪƽȡ
Ŵʦ, γ롣
״һ
̫, оˡ
һܶܵǰڣ˿̻еѣ
Ŵʦպ, ֻⷢϵµŮ, Ͱؿڵӷ, Сʩֶ
ûæվ, Ŵʦ˫ֺʮһ񣬡ллʦҳ
ոץɮʱ˵ԼүүҲΪ˽Ϊʲôôܵɽȥ
˿̿Ŵʦ𣬱ͰѾõ˵Ǹˡ
ǰλгϢɽ¸ϡ
⸽סڳһŴѾߡ
ҹϺɽΪ˻ҪĶû뵽һȥͿڵϡ
ԭˡ
Ŵʦ˵ͷⷬ˵Ȼ򵥣û
ָƽȵˣų˵ǵԵˡ
Щɻؿ
Ŵʦ˵ǻʩǰϣɽԺһ죬ԭĲء
ԣ
ϱԼʶϣһ˶ӣܾڵϺþòű֣ԲأŲȥˡ
˿˿ŴʦĻæʵүү
û£ҩ£ܿͻŴʦҪκ缲Ϊ
һڴϵСˡ
ŴʦβõĲǿܾûˡ
ɽû˿ţҲǰ취Լֲܴδζܻ
ţڶԿŴʦʦҽǳϢܳģ
˵ţó˴¥ϻӣ
ŴʦֽӹĿ⿴ʩǣ
֪ŴʦƷԸ߽࣬ϻĹܴظУٺʲ
ֻ˵үүһöҽԺ󣬻ʦ񽻸
áŴʦУͷպϻӡ
˵һ취ڳԺӣҸչүүһаźԺ󣬾үүȥҰ֮ǰʦæչүүʦˡ
СʩˡŴʦЦһʤ߼
ٿ˻һۣƻյļ尾ûм١
Ѿû˯ã֪ҹǷշת࣬Գߡ
Ѿ˿Ŵʦɽصɽš
ڻˣֻ˵ôȥôãһΪ㲻ء
ǳⲻȥʦңǻȥɡ
һ죬¹õĵ
ڵаƱ˳ֵһ顣
õʣһʮ
һʮҪһԺӲԺȴģʣµĻҸסչ˻ϡ
̾һ°Ʊ
ֻǲ֪һˤܹܲԼö׹
֮ǰ滻Լָô죿
·˵Ǵǿһһ
˳ǣͣһξ
ӳǮԼ
ĴĺŽȥ
ͺ磬ر࣬԰ﴦŵƣüβײˡ
ƧС·뻹Ǳˡ
ɻرߣվο֮⣬ҪŵĻƣԵƽԼ
ҽ㣬ǲǱ𣿡
⡱֣ҾͺŵѪζһ̧ͷָǸ
ȻŵĲǱ˭
һѾԺ󣬴ҾҲûмӦޱȷ⡣
û뵽쿴ȴǴһ£ߵηη˷֡
ȻһǵҲòá
ţջĿ⿴һɻء
ռؼɻǼһߡ
ˮǻˮںõƻ԰԰йŮŻƣȻ԰гΣܿˮһ·Ư
ҲοΪʲôҪϰͺ硣
ɣǱܼġ
˿̣еĹŮǴ඼ǾѵĻᣬñǰ
ҹǣʹһɫƱ⣬űڵķȥ
Լοǰ˵ƼǱߡ
ԭڸ֮Ů˵οĻʱתͷʵģ
·ϣȻǰһˡ
̧ͷһƣʱһͻ
áƵסȥ·һյ䵭ס˵ԶԶžء
ƽ㡣ţ޷ֻվǿЦݣƽ㲻ǱſŻƣôˣ
һָйŮվŵĵط˵ǿƼˣȥ
ʶתͷǸȥͿοվ
Լ֣ȻҪԼȥ
лλûеõ׹ıû׹ӱȥģôҲıġ
Լ飬ǿѹеĻ棬Ʋɷ˵Ǳȥ
һߣһ߶˵Ǳ߷ŻƣҲǷˣҲŷһյء
ⱻߣԶԶ˵㿴Ҿ˵Ǳˡ
һ⻰֪οԼǴҡ
ŴǵӣĿ޵Լϣ֪ڿԼϵľ¡
οȴû⵽ҪԼһס֣ҿ㣬⡣
ȥֻվԭţο˵뿪ԺӣûмˣǶ𣿡
һ˵վڲԶĹŮǵĿⶼ޵س˹
ǼοһžµСѾ˵̬ԵѾ߸ⲻͬµӦǸСһ𳤴ġá
ڣĿáȴֻܸŽ˸СѾߡ
һ죬һء
Ŀ⣬Ƴϵɫ֪ԼŪˡ
ǷӸ͵͵ȥģֻ뿪ԺӣȻԼĴޱȡ
ЩЦôأ
ֲ⡣
ţлΣشӵԺͦõģһֱһԺ￴ǡ
л뵽Լʱ춼ڼңֻԱЦЦ̧ţȥúáҲͦõģҲͦõġ
˵ţ̧ôҰŵյƵݹ˱⣬ǽҹͺɷŻƣʲôԸŻƵʱһ˵ͻʵˡ
ӹյƣһյССĵܹʵ˵ԸͲôĿôʹࡣ
ԸﲻµĻҲﲻֻܿԼȥʵ֡
лɻرߵĽ䴦ˮˮڻȥ÷ŻƵˡ
ȻԵ˵λ÷Żõġ
л̧ҪлͿΪлεĶԭ·׹¶˳
һ׹˶סˡ
׹׹ͽǰ
ҿſűȥ˷ŵƵĽ䣬Ŀڰһɨ
ƹЩԶҰߵʯͷ̦ǳҪںڰһСĲȸգͻ˵ɻ
ɻصˮɲǳ
һǣԱߵĲһ֣ùĵ
ͺͺɡ͵ƲʣҪʧȥǾͺÿˡ
֪֪ˮԣôȥҲͲȴܴܳĳ
ôõĻᣬô
Ǳ߰ҹõšҪƹ
һȻûһ˫۾Ѿʼ
ƣĿһϿͬʱҪҵĹߡ
һʯӡ
һϲӿ˽ŲСʯߵǰ˹ȻһŲ棬ѽһǰûõֳűıȥ

ͨ
ˤڵϣֻǰ洫˼ˮԱҲ˽ˮˣˮˣ
ͷֹˣЦһŵӳȴҪȥıԾɻڰϡ
εץס˰ߵʯͷ϶ĥѪˣһ˫۾ڳԼ
һûȥȥǡ
οˮƴ·Ĵˮ棬ʪ͸ĺڷϣˡҡ
ˮ

̫дƱޡ
ǽĸ£һ1920£
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ʼͼдڶ£
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹһ 2ī 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 24 
˻᱾ܵضܻ⡣
ŴƱ, ĵȴлȥġ
лμǵܵԱһ㣬´򻬣ôˤ˳
ʯ֮䣬ͷ
ֻһΪᣡ
ǻᣡ
˾ڳرߵŮһ㡱, Ȼܲȥ
ǡͨһ, ɻн˺ôˮ
ЩŵΧĹŮ˶ͣס˽Ų
ڵĳˮ
ǿűȥ, εοߡ
һĻֱգ˶ס˺
ĺɻؼ, Ůȥ, ˫ŸȲס
ˮԺܺãȥ֮Ƶл
˼״Զˮ˾͸, Ųᱻҵˮߴȥ
ˮԵлޱȻңѾǺ˺üˮ
е, ȻסԼ, лεĿڱܹͣˮϡ
ȻڣڶԼ˵㲻Ҫ, ҡ
⣡лε˿ǻǺˮȡȿ, ҡ
Ψһľݡ
лץֱ, ȫûע⵽ֻץסԼϵ׹


һع, ӵ, ײײ˰ߡ
ſڳ̦ʯͷϣ֣ץסң죡
Ҳû뵽Լݺ⣬ȻοŪɻȥ
Ҫǿи̣Ҳˣ
ĲݸԿŴŵÿҪˡ
Ҳˮԣȥȿ
ֻܼең˭ˮģȥæ
찡
ʣµѾûһȥ
ˮСҲſݣֱȥʩȡ
űĶӦǿסοһʱ֮䲻ȥģǸϽȥͣźɻȥ
лڳУں죡ץסӣ
֣Լȥ
ָ׹ϣոĥƵ˿ֱѪ
Ѫһ׹У׹ͷȡ
˾Ϳһ˲䣬ãҲвסοˮȥ
ſڰߣŵüҪˣ־Ҫȥ͡
һֽ̣ǰ¸ˮ档
ŮǱһǺˮл͡
ץлεһֻ֣ϡ
οץסͣæ͵С˵죬ѿ
лǺˮϴ˰ߡ
ҡĲݸƺק˰
ҹߣصû°ɣ
ȿȡлڳǺ˼ˮҪǱʼмĳûŵˡ
˰Ժ̻عʵ⡪أ
ʪشӰ˻ҵлߣû£û£㣡
οн㣬ոµȥ
ȫ鼱֮˵ݣֻҰʱгôһԽġ㡱
԰ƹ£лؿ
ŮȻȥʪģǱȴǼΪˡ
һԼ˵Żһֲ̧˲¶һеЦݡ
лѾߺܿȡʪ͸οˣվ
һˮǰԺͬһҲ̸ˡ
ǰŮʵû°ɣ
סһлεӿ˳ǻʵĺ£Һú¡
ʪţӵ˻С
ֱȷŮվŷſΣֲµġʪ͸
ʧȥŮĸڲٶʧȥʱֱӵķӦ
վڰͬʪ͸ȴû˿Ҳû˸ı⿴űӵڻелΣָս
ָⱻˮ嵭Ѫٴα
ƻУĿлξŵ׹ϣʵɫѾˡ
ոµѪѾ׹Уѩеһ÷
׹̵˲䣬ʹлγˮ
׹лλǺˮҲûзһ˲
ھ³ӵһ˲䣬㡪
Ȼٵ滻ǾԼѪȾ׹

οˮͺȻǼȥˡ
ķǸŮǶԾظǡ
ͱȥŻصУɫһ˵úõôˮģ
Ϣŭοˮʱڳһ˵ȶŵùҡĲݡҲУҴĿȺõūɨ˹ڽıϡ
Ѿ׼ϵʪ£ֻͷʪţ˻΢΢ط
ԼĻˮǱһȥ
Ҳǿıܺúõġ
ţĿ˼֣Թڽı⣬
Լĸ׽Լ֣Щ
ߣԼȴûа취ϡ
ѹɬӦһǡ
ҿűԼǰ߹һ
ǰ֣Ҫ˵͸еɪһ¡
ķֻŮ˺ۣ¾ص
µ˱ɻصˮˣ˿Щ׷
ЩִٵҪջ֣ȴסˡ
̧ͷЩ۵صúӣЩôŪģ
¹ӳ
Լĸףһʱ䲻֪ж컯ŪˣΪԼһҲ
⡣һ䣬㻰
ûûôعæûôŪġ
ҹԭأⲻĻشһ
ȻЩ룬˵ùȻûȸǼȸ֦ͷҲ߷ˣҲ˵Լ
ͷδתСɵЩϻؼݵʱµģµǸոմҽڳرһѣץʯͷĥƵġ
ѣһϥдȺǰѣ
ѣ˱˺۵֣ת˴ҡ
ӱ˵һͳ
˳Ͼһŭ˶Ҫӽŵ׺ͷ
죡һŵˣָ̧ű޵ҸոڳرǲˤƵǼǺϻشˣݶ
վһ˫۾ڳԼ˵ĺɻˮ
ŵһĲݸƹȺнȴվ
ҽ㡣ֻԼԲŮӵ˵ֻ˵ңû˵ǹġǡոΪ˶еĵʧˮУΪβ˵أ
ӭŴҵĿ⣬·ЩηӣЩСظһ飬ͲǹġΪβ˵أ
һһı֣ﻹ᲻
ѹŭ𣺡ˣѴϳȥشʮ壬ձ͹ٸ

Թ״ɱū澲ԣױԼĺӵԹͲøΣ
-
ңgame over
񣬱ǳɹ
-
Ǳǽһռ֮Ȼռ仹ڱϵСѡ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ 1
лͶ[]СʹҰѧϰ362 1
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 25 
, 
ԭؾȻΧȥȴû˸ҳ
ֿ⡣
վԵŮֻĬģģȴдҲ
ܿ, ŹӵļҶܿͽˡ
֮, Ǿһһҵؼס˴ҵֱ, ˳ȥ
̵ĵط棬Ҫ˶, Ҫııϵ˻ܵĳͷ
ұѹڳ, ɢңһ
̵ļҶվ࣬߸ߵ, سδȥ
һҾ͸еԼĹͷҪ, һӷ˲ҽС
ָץµľͷ, е, ĲģĲ⺦
ͷۣüתͷ, ֵס˶𰡣
״, ˳ȥ, ǰ
Ҽ, бϣĹâ
Ȼû뵽ȴ߹־ųһţܷ
ʱֵͣļҶ˵򡣡

ôҲû뵽Ȼôݡ
ӹۣҲܴ󺰴Уֻܷƺˡ
ҵĵŮÿˮʱʧִ˲յ
˴ҴҸŮѹڵϣҶŹһһµشϡ
⣬졣
ѴҴƤ·Ѫ
ҵҪιȥ
ĵҲ۳죬ȴǰǼҶԣ־Ͷ˹ӡ
Ҷ죬˹ӣȴǲԶܹ¡
ҵĵǹ£Ҷ˹ҲȥһҶҲ֣ͣ˻վ𰡣
˵ҵĵߣӣñҶҪݵŮȥҴ㣡Ȼÿˮܹ͵û㣡
ԭԼĵΪܵþˣû뵽Լء
ſڳƴҡͷȴһϣҪöϳء
УܹؽӴڴϣҵ޺ܹͣĺݡ
Ҳ֪ΨһһôҲȥٸĻᡣ
ڸУҪǱȥٸȻᱻţҲٻ
ܹ󣡡ҵ޺ϹҪ𣿣
ÿҵһ˦ҽʹʡðۣ
˵ŮҪϾҪȥϾƫ

棬סɷæתͷȥ
ǰͨһ͹ˣ
Լסֻͣ֡
︩ڵϣߵͷʹôһŮҪǱȥٸⱲҲûʲôָˡ
⿴Ҷš
̧ĴңӹԺѾ˳ʮſڳϣѾһϢ
ϱӣοԺҲһȾ컨
Ȼûȴ࣬Ҳˣ˸õˡ
ȻϳȥǿԶһ١
ҪǹݣԲϱͬĽ֡
ڳ˲֪
ڵƴͷĴﲻ֪
Ⱥηη˵ԼûǣĲݺҲ֪
޵УҵĵۿҪŮ
ڻǲĺݣڵˡ
ҵ̧ͷ
ܹڸж꣬ΪĽķϣαɡ
лллصؿ˼ͷ
ĶͷڵѾĵѪģƽʱǺεȵ⡢εȷһˣȴΪŮ΢
ͷԺĵس嵽סɷ򣺡ˣˣҪŸ𣿡
ܹǹһԣ˵Ůߣؽ
ޱŻȥŮʹޣܹҲȻعл
ǣ浽ıϾǿûִҪѴ͵ٸȥĿǷ޶ڸж꣬ûйҲпˡ
𰰲ĸˣǷ򸾰Ѵ̧ȥ
һȻȥ˶֪ԺҲܴڸˣźܿͻᱻ򷢵ׯȥ
УվĲݸƹȺɪһ¡
˻𰣬վȥԺ￴š
˴ôѾߣֻʣ¶ѩһ
ܿ춬ѩҪؼҼգΪ׵æԺиסġ
ĲݸȻԺĶѾߣȴԴΪհá
ǰԼĴѾȥǱߵŷġ
ֿվԵı⣬˵⣬˿ձ㲻õֵúϢɡ
ǡȻҲ̲סϲҪľʱ䡣
ϢɣʱȥԼҪ顣
˻֣˶ɢˣȻɺַȥο
Ժӡ
лϴˮ裬ϵʪ£ֺһȵĽѺˣ˺öˡ
ĴѾֻжѩһڣ͸æµ
ϵ֪ڻ԰ˮԺŵüɢ˿лߡ
ҲǺڳͷˮˣûй
ȻοˮҲȥǳȴſһ㶼ûйԼŮҲ̫ˡ
ѩڴԺ飬СѾ߶ţĹ뷿ֻгϺ˾Ǻˮлڡ
ûûˡߣѴϵŮڻﰲţζûˣڡ
лԼ
ϲǴС󣬳˽ﶼǽζԼаȫС
ŮƬ֮󣬳ϲŷſȻϸˣ
лε֣˴ͷβһ飬ȷûʲô֮󣬳ϲŷĿŵ׹ϡ
ڴ£ú˩ŵ׹ľ䣬ѩ׵£׹ĺɫԽۡ
һ׹
лοĶԭصͷôˣף
׹׹ôˣ
лһæѲϵ׹Ȼͬһš
Ȼֻԭ׵׹һɫοѪ
ȥɫȴ͸ļôҲûá
ϿĶԽسأڴ˵ú룬׹
л̧ͷ˵ûУ׹һֱϵģƬҲû
ǲܱ
˵ţֵͷԼе׹ɫѪȥƵġ
Ļٿ׹һʱ
ԭ֪ոǱˮܲؾΣлԱимһ׹Ӻö˶˵رɫǱˮж׹ʲôֽš
뿪Ժӣƿأ϶Աͳ˼ɵ
λо׹ͿԼҪ׹Ӵϵĳһ̬ذ׹ӴˣȻߵױ̨ǰѰ˸ϻӰ׹˽ȥ
ףлڴϣؿĶ
ϰϻӷ˳ĽŰģ˻˵׹ȲҪˡ
л׻ûжʣǵ˵ͷ
˵ϽϢɿ㡣
л£µİҩһá
ȵʱѾ˯ˡ
ϿڴߣḧοԼ˵⺢Ϊ˾ҲܿˣõֵĸŮüһ
ϹӦһ˵ҲҪȥ⡣

㻹һ
쳬ʹľû£öˣ
ðǷŵġˣϽϡ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 26 
ɢȥ, ҲлصлеԺӡ
һ·ĵģⱾΪصԺҲˣһԺӣͿӦѾϢͤ¹֡
Ժ, ˽, ڻ, ϶ڵԼ
Ȼһ, лоͣĶ
ĿϿһȦ, Ȼſʵû°ɣ
Ĺػһᡣ
ΪΪˣû뵽ʵȴԼ
ֻѾ, ֪Լá
лмŮ̧۾ŶԼ˵û, ӡ
û¾ͺáле˵ͷ, ӣط
æȥˮùϴ
Ȼлȴ˵ˡ
Ѿϴ, Ȳȷ°ˡ
ͣ½Ųδ¹ˮͥ뿪Լ˵, ﲻ, úϢ
վԭ, еһů
, ƺ÷Ҳ£Ÿ䣬ʵȴġ
леӰʧźԼõ׹֪ܲκȡ
һʱ뵽лԼ壬Ǹ׹һģǲҲ֮ͬ
ҪԼķ䣬ͼӶ뽪ˡ
⣡һ⣬ӱ֣뽪ˣ
ʵѾȹˣûоܾӦźþ͹롣
ӵȵڣΪ˸Ž
Ůѽˣӽӹյ룬еʣЩ˰ɣ
˵ͷ˵˵ˣͺúϢˮͲĻСõġ
˵ţΪˣȴСۿһ졣
ɵüѽ⺢ӣʲô
ЩֲڵָĨĨᣬ˵Ͻȥȷ˺ȥ˺Ͳˡ
˵ͷעԼȥҪţ
һ٣ԺԼѾӣʣµľǰˡ
æƿ߽ȥȴûˣֻ¹Ӵս
뿪ʱԭغ˴˿̴ˣǱ紵һ΢΢ҡΡ
ⴰǰŸҩƿ
˹ҩƿдšҩ
Ȼǽҩ¾ˡ
ϾҲˣڱķҲá
ҩƿڴǰվһ̲סĦһƿ
ձ߸ֳǳǳС
Ƭ̲Ҫ£ɵһԴˣ
ҴҵعŴ͵ƣӻͳ˸ֽ
װŵʣµһʮ
ոºɻصʱƱϣҲ֪ˮ᲻Ứ
æƱóչֺúõģʱһ
ҿ¡ǮׯӡƱõֽīˮѰƱҪʵ
ֽǵסˮƱʪˡ
ҿհ˴βƽľϣȻɡ
֮ϴһԼҩڴˡ
ʶԼѪһ׹ϡ
֪Լ׹ûϱлϵ
շô£ⱾΪԼ˯ţһմͷûã˯ˡ
ˮ·ʯ롣
۾ͷԼվһطΧɵİ
֣طŨֲָ
ܾĵģ̽ǰȥԼеЩ
ǳߣһǰ
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⣿ѩתͷͼﱧԼѰѩԼô𣿡
ѩ˸Ƿβڶѩֱۼһ˦һ˦
ŵһķָѩ׵èұأͼѩͻȻܹȥȺˣҾͳһȦҲûҵû뵽ˡ
˵ţѩ°͡
ѩ׵èӵú۾˹๾
ѩһֱһץĺȸ⿴ǳȥƤɽץߵļӸˡ
˱ݡ
ѩѩ˿ڣͱһŪɾǱѪҺëһ¡
ѩԼצӣѩ߱⣺èķ糱ȥ֮󣬿Ͷرģܡ
˵ţѩëմĲмıֵصèֱֻСҰè
Ŵڶѩβһ˦һ˦ѩԶѩ˵Ҳû˹һܾһ죬ҴǱˣٰͻ
ҲáѩԼҲҪؼˣԺû˹ѩڱǱ߸죬ȥӡ
ѩ˱ϡ
ѩű⣬˵⼸ҲڸУҪԹԵģҪҵġ
̧ͷ۾һЦձ¶ǳǳѣ֪ˡ
ѩָ˲ϲ֪մǳǳҼȥɡ

5.27ģ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]СʹСءءһ졢麮 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ǧ㿡 30ƿtogether 20ƿ׷Ůħޱ 10ƿڼԺӨ 6ƿƻ 5ƿann 2ƿС 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 30 
׹, ѩԺӡ
һ뿪Ǹռ䣬׹ٴΣصС
׹ŽԼĺɰҪҸ취ױ˷֡
һصԼ, ͹, װѩӷϡ
ѩԹԵ, ҲС
ָͷס˰ɡ
Ҳ֪᲻᲻ϲè, ֮Ȳܰų
ѩϵ, ѩѾϹҩˡ
ͷԼľѣѩ˯Щ
ӷŵ˵, Ѱ˼ҪôѩȻٴó׹
׹Ѿ, Ҳռ䡣һ۾ʼСѩ, һԼĺ롣
һ̣ʹԼٴν׹Ŀռ䡣
Χ, ʼûɢȥļ
ܿģԾֻڵƬ
⾶ǰߣ˼лκ˰̵ܡ
ʱԼһ, õӶǶɺȥġ
Ϊ컨, ˰, , ͷԼġ
ŽˣҲǵ˰̡
˺ˮõĻĵ˺Ӧǻᵭȥġ
ڿûʲô
ţٴ·Ӻкɹȥ˺ĵС
û˺ɫϷǴǳǳİȻڹ๾ðȪˮ
վڵϣĿѰһˮ峺ףΧҲûֲ
ûҵֻĿȪϡ
š·
֣̽оǳǳһˮ
ˮδָ¶ȥ
һ˲ͷִյ˴ߣһˮ
Ȫˮ𣬱ȱСȹˮζҪá
һȥʱˬĸо
֣ǳǳˮݡ
Ѿȵһˮˮȴ٣ˮǸλá
˲죬ǲȪˮĹЧѾȥˣͷ֪ˡ
ֻǹԼʵ飬ò
̧һԼС룬һֻ̣ص
ĿһϷŵıߡ
ٴλصռһαվڰУ˸ӡ
֤Լ뷨Ķռʱ򶼻ʧ
׹ռ䣬޹صȴԡ
ص˵ͷǰããû̶
룬ԼÿһνĶҪιȥ
ɲԲô鷳һںСأ
ͷǰľɫͻһ䡣
գգ۾ͷܣԼվ˺ĵСϡ
ƬѾ˶ľɫ
ǰһű룺Ҫȥ
һ̣ǰľٴα仯վ˺ߣǺС
̫ˣ
ֻҪռȻκȥĵطһͷ͹ȥ
ѹˡѹ֮лٳϵ·ȫûʪ
һͷͿԵȥȫҪٶɺ
ٴλصĵȪǰıӴǳǳˮҨһЩˮ
ûҨ̫࣬Ϊ֪ȪˮǷ߾
һ̣´·Ůˮص˷
վϣ·Ͳٴˡ
⿴һ۱ӣȷ׹ռˮ棬ǰѱӷϡ
´ϻеʪȴûŻ
ţԺȥ費֪ΪαÿݻƵݡ
ԼԲ뵽
ǳǳǹ˱׵Ȫˮֳ룬Խĸ
ȥ֮Ƭ̡
ԼҲòôЧְ˳ȥ
ɽ¡
ο㡣
ϵعڷǰΪǩ
ǩأ۾ߵ̼ǩݵǰ
ǩϲ֧ǩ
𣿡Ҫοæ
Ůվӹ֧ǩȻȥɽµסֿվʦǩ
վʦǿŴʦʦ֣ͬǵĿŴʦһվʦþշϴЦеġ
Ϊɽ¾һ
ľйеʱ򣬿վʦܻӭӡ
𷨲Ϊ˴ȴԲʣɽ²зչñȹҪ׳ĵ϶˽
ӷ𡣡վʦЦеضһ񣬡
ʦ񣬽еǩݸʦǩ
áվʦֽӹ
һǩüëһ˵ľʫ˵ʮǩǩǩͼȾã֮ı֮£ѴйΪ֮Կ£յҲ
ԣϸֳϲɫģ
ɽ֮²һлη׻һе¡
վʦ˵ͷҲ֪ǳʲô
ӵԼʦҽΣվʦãʦӦҽо˵ӵɫˡ
̫ˣԾϲһ֡
ΧߵָѾҲϲ
ϲʤǩһܳ棬Ҳİο
һϲҪΪɽµһʡ
վʦЦɣ˵һͨû
ȵվʦ̸꣬οһԿڵҲһҪ̴ʦ
վʦ֪к£
ο֣ӹԼ׹Ȼҿ
׹ӵݵվʦǰ˵ǴСҵ׹׹һֱǰɫģǴ˴ˮ֮󣬾ͷִڲϵ׹ɫ
վʦֽӹ׹ǰ꣬Ƭ֮˵׹ǰ
ʦףΪ˵׹ȵ۴͸ε游ٴ͸ġ
ԭˡվʦͷڵԼο˵飬˴ϣܹʯʯҲܹΪ˵֡Ϊʲô֮£ȴɫѡ
˵ţЦеذ׹Σ֮ǰһ٣ƽ£׹濤˲֡
лŵ˵ͷ
Ҳһ
ǰ׹ΪŮϡ
ָ׹ϸŮܹһ㣬Ҳ㻯˽ѣúôţҪˡ
ǣס
Ӧһͷڲϵ׹
;׹һĨÿѩʢ˺÷ֻǳϵ׹ʲô⡣
˿̿վʦ˵û⣬Ͱ׹Ӳػ·氲ĵġ

իɽ
£ѩֲӰοԺޱƽ
ѩŸСɸӻ˼ҡ
ҹĻ٣µԴƼ䡣
Ժӽ载Ȫˮ¹½չ
ҶϵĿݻȥֱɫ

վʦշЦҾǸرǩͨӣ
⣺ͷûؿ֮λһǮ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ ᡢCP>>顢Ө 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
o 28ƿѾѾֻ뱻ͷ~ 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 31 
һ˯
׹Ժ, һβǸռҹ
ȵ۾ʱԺѾ˶
ûȫϵĴսĹߣҲƽʱҪǿҡ
ʶֵ̧ס⣬ҪӴȴִֻ֮塣
ɻصͷ, ԼĴ̿ȥ, ŵáһ
ֻ, ĶǺɫġһĶ
ʲô
һȴЩԼϡ
̧, մӴյǶ, Źֵζü
Уܴôһȥ
ֲ֪ˮϴ衣
֮£ֻðѱȾıһ, Ȼ̧һ
һ̣ʹӷʧ, ˿ռ, һ˺ߡ
ˮ峺, վڰߣǳôȥϴϵĶ
˱죬漴ϲطߵΧ˿һߡ
ԭܼľֻм, ںΧȴܿˣ
̲סϲ˲, Ȼһϲ
ģ
⿴ſռĸı, 뵽Լϵı仯
ʱµһеĹؼ, ԼµȪˮ
ȪˮںСΧγɺܿҲȪйء
һʵ᲻ôôһȥˡ
ڰ߶£·ϻɾĲֲɾ֣ȥˮϴȥϵ۹
Щ۹Ȼģһϴûˡ
һϽꡣ
ˣ̫ôˡ
һ뵽͸Ͻӿ˶
Ƥϵ۹ּ򵥵ϴɾ£šɴá
ڱһûȥܡ
̧һ»صԼķ
ܵǰȡһ׸ˬ»ϡ
ץϴһ·ŴҴҵس
ʱлѾСźϴˡ
ԺȻѾֻбһɰȴСڵġ
ֻǲסԺˡ
ӿŲȥССѾ׼ˣûȥ
ĵûãԼû˯̫ͷ
ţлƽնŵġ
һͿջﲻֹһˣлԨҲڡ
һ٣֪Լ֮һμ硣
УԶлԨԶл˽⣬׽Ǳȴǵմ裬ԼڷϣǶСͼԼӡ
ԼĻӻǷ񰲺ãؿԺӡ
һſڣлоע⵽
ͬлԨعͷſڡ
˱⣬۾һָ̧ŮСѾͷϵã
ƾ˭˱ı֣ӡ̡
Ͼ˶ڱݶʱֱû¡
ǺøյСѾͷ
ڸֵͦⲻӰлеǲҲǵ
ӡŶϥȻ˹
лжԶ˵ȱСѾߣĸװԺҪˡ
лԨͷ˵Ҳá
ڿ⣬һѾߵķ̣ڴɪɪ˵ǿǧ򱶡
ȵȣлԨϸ⣬֮ǰĲͬˣ̥ǡ
ﲻͬ˵ֻСѾͷ·˶ڷ΢⡣
лԨֻΪܵԺ徲û˹Ķǣ͹ñȴǰҪ̫ࡣ
ջĿ⣬Եܵ˵Уʲôô㣿Ҹղžˡ
˵ţһ
ŶĻҲš
Žʱûע⣬ڲŲ⻨ƮһԶŵ
УҲ·Ĺȡ
лһָԱߵ˵Ŀ
˳ָķ򣬱лԨ￴ȥͼϷһ
޳ҶӼѾ˻䣬ҵɢġ
ԶսϸŲ׷֡
ֻҪһʲôơ
леһѣżһˣұ˰˽
ţһʼûϳ
ǵȶ࿴ǻۣԼļǺš
ʶݻƵеһ衣
ҹȪкˮʱҲñҨһˡ
û뵽һϣݻƵҶӾȫ˴̣˻
Ķʱͷɵһȥˣ֪ʲô
ȪˮЧ
Լųô۹財һҹ֮ʢ
аԺҪȪˮĻǧһôˡ
ҺãлԨлпȫ벻ǰǸģ
ţҪ̸˳
żʱʶͷһԼġ
Ȼԭ˺ۣȫˣ
СʱɽµĳҲãǰݶʱµҲãںɻر߱ôһƣĥƵ˿Ҳãͨͨˣ
⿴ԼģַԼֱͿֱϵļðͨ͸覴á
סˣʶ̧Լ
Ŀ֪ԼʲôӣִֻҴҵԼķȥ
ϣ᰿ɫҴңɵվֱ塣
Ůȼ䣬ķڷ¶ͬһס
᰸еԼ͵һ¡

ɵְ̧Ŀڣô£
ΪʲôͻȻоøɰˣ
Ҵҵػصͭǰ
ͭӡһŮüͬջһģȴֺﲻͬˡ
ַǰͭǰⲽ
ְַ覵һۡ
룬Լõô죬лκȫһ
ô£
ˣԼһͺһˮлӦñԼ
Ȫˮȵ٣˺ʧġ
ţְߣ⿴˿
һͿԼµ˰Ҳˡ
ȫ¿Ŀµ˿ڶˡ
ڵı⣬ȫŶһ𪣬Ͼ
仯󲿷·ڲţĳҲû䡣
䣬ȪˮЧʵ̫ˣڻҲһ
һβǺҲãҲãȶһҡ
ߵӱʼ˼ȪˮѵǺȥղ
ϴ˿أ𣿺СϵȪðȪˮãΧĺˮأ
Լһνȥʱ򣬻ιⰡ
ʱ˯ѩˣءһ
תͷ
ѩ۾һգʹԭʧˣһգֻˣŸӡ
ӣѩ˳
һСèһ⿪ϵıȻѩԹԵģҸ㻻ҩŶ
̧֣ѴӺȡĺˮѩ˿ϡ
ȻҲգ˿ڣƬ̡
ҹȪˮһ˿ڲûб仯
ѱӷһԣѵĺˮû
˵һҪѩȥ
һţһ߰ѩ¹ˡ
ҪٰͻѩȴԸ⣺
ųβŽ
ոտ˿ڣѩõҩǺõģ˿ڿҲЩ
ǾͰ˳ȥԺ⣬˵ҪԹԻŶ
ѩ¶˶ë˦˦βͣ⡰һ˳ȥӰ

ҾȻѶָ졣
磺֪Ǻܲǵˡ
-
ҪƼһġұ鳼졷by
İ
ֺ򸮣ݾޣ˫
ǰˣøĸԩ³
ػһֱѡҹ˽Ϊ
˶ͷֻ֪ĺǸ
δΪʳ˾Ȩ㳯ҰĻ
====
ǰĬĬػ뱲ӡ
Ϊ֮ʱȴ;ƿݣ档
ǰмϵף˱ĵ˽ݣǿȢԼߡ
󣬵ֻ¡
Ȩۣ֮ٳ衣

ֶŹvsĺƫִ
-
29ŵ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ޴ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ü̵è 30ƿ̫Ӳӡĺǳ 10ƿų񫡢ciel 5ƿèʵ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 32 
תԺӡ
ȷȪˮ, дĺôġ
ٿ˿Լ֣ЩСû⣬أλϵĲأ
ôһá
ҪĻȫķӣܽ˷е쳣
ʱʱ˹ע, ȪˮЧ, һ, Ϳ϶עĿ
֡
ԻӦȿϵĲ
²ܸΣֻҲ, Ȼ󡪡
ùɨ, ڻɨ˻ҳ
Ȼ󣬾ˡ
ϱһȥȾ컨
, ׹Լ
ûռ䣬ûȪ, ҪϱκҲǲˡ
, ɨصĶһ٣ϱɺ, Щϱӡ
Ⱳʲô֪ʲôû
ĳ̶ֳҲ޹, Լò赲ȥأ

οˮ, һ, ûʲô, ָֻܿյĻ
ʱȱϯйŮľۻᣬһ̱ȥǰµľۻᶼϡ
нֻٳ¡
ȥοǳϣ
ƫο־Цվԭء
Ѳк󸣣ڳô£Ŀٶһף޸÷ԼҲͲĵˡ
ڳԯϵһӣ㿪ʼNNǰߡ
ϿƬ̣תҪظȥ۽ǵȴƳӰӸ˳֪Ҫȥ
ϵЦϡ
ǰڿԺеʱǴԺҲȥġ
Լߣܡ
Ҫȥ
˸ˣھʶʲôˣ
ֲڳϵﷺ
æԺ£ųˡ
γȥСƿӡ
Ҫ׹ĿռȥȡȪˮδζƾʧ
ױ˷֣Ҳ㡣
һСƿӣװȪˮŽɰܲȥҲʱʱȡˡ
СƿӲôãҩװҩһ־Ϳԡ
ȥǰץҩĻشãץҩȻ󿪿վڹ̨Ļƣĵҩƿ𣿡
شÿ˲࣬ĴĻ˹
ǻشõĵҩƿӶذ׵ģҲûʲô־
ҪԻ˵ȻСҪ͸
ӦһȥȡյСҩƿ⡣
ƿľܹýġ
ϲؽӹתͷ򣺡лл´򣡡
ԶԶؿĴ˵Ȼִҩ˳
ҩȴûдظǼųߡ
ϵüͷԽĽ
ȥһ·ңң׺ڱ󣬿ͬһСԺǰ
ͬŵĸӣϱ֪ǵһˡ
ڰ¹ϵԺţԺӣȻ
ֱӽȥֻݾߡ
Ͼ֪ʲôҲ֪ͬԺ˶á
ǣ˻ῴҪȻȥһʡ
ⲻ֪Լϸˡ
ԺӣϽȻҡɹ̫ҩǰү
̧Ƥ˿Ŀҩϣֺһ
֪ϲҩҲȣȰҩý
ҩٳվڻǰ˵ͷôˣɹŶۣϢȥɡ
ûз
ȷʵѾɹеʹԷϱһĺֻ´ŲЩ
ԣְһ
תˮʱ򣬾ʵСŮޣܣҲ˵ʲô𣿡
ᰡˮݵǰֽӹ˵ҼҹӶǿɺˡ
ߡ˱ӣ˱Ļȴһ¡
֪Լӣ϶βĲ¾ûܹεúˡ
ԭһһոɢҲûʲôϧģƫƫȴôһŮޡ
ôãҲܰװΪԼô¡
үˡ⾡ҾְصСѾߵĽɫ϶ͷϳ˺ȥšӡ
ϿıӰСѾͷڻ滭һ;츳ܹϸڼǵôҲǺãټҲȫȻûۣԼһջиˡ
ݴˮžô
ȷԵĻʽΪͽ
ڱū
Ȼ֪ĸŴ󻧼ҵѾߣûʲôǮġ
ڹŶҵݺô꣬Ĳֻ࣬⼸ӶǮơ
Ϸ֣˵ҹǸ˵ˡ
ǵʱԼȥϳԼŮ
Ͼū澸ǰƷ߲ˡ
úܺãϻ˵Цݡ
ǵȱһһ壬ԭǸӡ
үⲻ֪ԼΪͽҪԼūֻӵݸ
ϽӹӣɤӣԺҪүˡ
⣺ţ
ϣҸ˵ˣŮԺֻܽүү
û뵽һʱ
Ͽı飬ô㲻Ը⣿
ǡæֵô᲻Ը⣬ֻǡǰûүү
̵ķүүҲȥˡ
ϾͿСŮһЦ˳һֱ̧˲۾˵ȫΡ
˵Һø˰үү
ɵӡ
ϵĿ̧ͷ
˳Լѧյ£˵ȥүүٷɣ
ҪһȪˮϺȣˡ
գȻȲԹЩɽ亣ζҲ˵á
ЪţԼȥ˳
ɩæµ
æ˸ɱõ㣬Χȹϲ˲ôˣ
⿴˿ɩѾѽյʳĶˣߣӣɩȥЪţɡ
⡪
û£ҶߵģյÿոүүԵҲá
űĿڽлϡүүɩҲ֪뾡⣬ǽΧȹϵϣ˵ϵȷϱĲҪԼæųȥˡ
һʣԼһˣóСƿӡ
ѾȡȪˮǺܶࡣ
ˮǰ浹ΣôһˮȪˮճźá
ȶˮ֮ͰСƿȻóʳһ
ɩӵģʱл㣬һ
ֲֻڣԻϲôϲ
ճʲô㣿
ϱˡ
ǵȱõһ̱ˡ
һϡ
ֳֻ̰׵ɫζŶޱȵŨȫ塣
ɩӰæҲ޵㰡
վԱһЦ¶ǳǳС
һȪˮĲҲöȪˮġ
Ͽû𣬿ȴ㡣
ñⶼЩ׼ȪˮЧˡ
ѵмʳĵζ֮ã
ѾʼʿˮˣæүүȺȥʢ
ɩԣ̱룬Ի˵ү˵Ⱥ
Ϲֵءšһ۾
ȵһʢö˵Լǰֻû⣬Щ
˵ģǾȺ˵
̵ģ÷һڡ
ɻϵȲش˴̳һڡ
֭һڣ֭Ũͷ۾
ɩӿԼ⼸գõĶࡣ
Ľ챦˷ҲԲ¡
ͷŸͿϺ̵ڰСˡ
̰֮˹˵һ룬Ҫ⣡

Ӧһ£ŹˣҲ롣
ǿҺܲпᡣ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
 20ƿҶ󻨡flora 10ƿˮ 5ƿAli 2ƿ̫Ӳӡʵ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 33 
, δĺθڡ
һ󲿷ֶ롣
ҪǱɩţܰʳﶼȥ
ԱԺ󣬻ϴ˸, δԵˡ
һ, Լ
СѾͷ, ôղվôࣿ
Ѳݵϡ
ûټȪˮ
»һʱȵ̫ˣҲԼһ˯һ۹
Ļ, װźͿûа, ЩҳСҿүү⼸ɩչˣθںˣԲžķóԡ
Ͽһ, غһ
֪СѾͷ϶²ûԼ˵Ҳûʡ
˶Լܡ
ԼȪķ, Եô, Ҳġ
˵ҾͰѽһˡ
ɩӸһȣֱӳˡ
ϡšһ, תͷȥ˳
ɩʰţæ˵, ﻹ
˵ɩ, үүȲ, ˷ˡ㿴øʢȥ, Ҳһ
Ǳۡ
˺ȪˮЧܲôԡ
ɩ˺᲻ʲôӦԼһʱ֪ˡ
úúáɩϲЦտ˷ѣҸҲա
ţ˵ͷ׼˽
ϲɩˬദ
æڸҲûš
ԼưŵӴ˽
ＸѾߣߣƫʹġ
ĲĵСôʹö
ֻϧҪݺ⣬ȴοõˮ
ԺҲزˡ
⺦ԼŮĴҲټ
ֻܽΪԼ¡
ӣ˵ĪţЩ¡
æ뽲뽲
һʹӣԺЩˣųϿ˵ǳϻ̳Ͽ֡
˵㣬տɼôһѾںų룿
˵ţһ࣬ӵĻػ
¶˼ɫϼ״ʹ˸ɫ
Ʊ߹˼ӣӵ
˵㻰ֻܻش𡣡
Ӽӣ۾һ̱ˡ
Գ˵ԶԶԣҼģѾͷںſһ춼ûҾͼȥˡ
ʱ֣Ҳû⣬ֻŸˣֻԼ˯
ţ뱦ȥӵԺӣԽĴˡ
Ҫ˷˿ɲˣ÷ֵ
һ
ԼĲ²棬Ҳǻ
˾Ϳɫһףصô˵ҿĹѾͷȥԺӣú÷ӣ춼ܣȥԺ֪ʲô˽ᡪ
˵ǰˣ͵ס˿ڡ
Ƹӿı飬ﶼ͵һ
һ˵£һҲ˵ȥûУ
ǣǴʹæס졣
Ӧǣһƽϡ
װķҵӣƳһۣȻǳȥ
ƳݣתͷʹҴҵ뿪ԺӣȥҴҡ
Ұһٴֻſڴ
ȵԺ󣬶Ҫ䵽ȥ͵ׯȥ
Ƶſڴ̧ͷƿӣ˽
ҽ㡣һһ
㻹֪ҡҴɫ׵ر۾ǰԺͽңһѣȫӰ
ôЩˣſţֻһ
˹ЩŵضԴ˵Ҫ˵ϸˣҲ
¶ɵɫưѸոڳ﷢˵ˣɫҲű˼䡣
мŪ㲻ֵġǱǹؾأץסѱҲˣȴ˽ᡪ
ſڴϣڱϺݺݵشһǣұϳԺӣҲù
ƼϢԴ˵㣬ҿɵûȥˣԺ벻ˡ
ȥɡſڴϣıҪϢͬԼһϳ޷֮ա

գ֮ʹԡ
еиѾ˽飬ʱʱȥᡣ
ְأΪɣӸ͵Щȥ
Щ鴫бۡ
׶Ѿڻ԰ɽ˵˵Ѿ߿Ժء
Ժס˭ҪôүҪôǹӿǽ
߲֪жٺö֪͵ȥ
ǿɺޣôô֪ܵ£
ǰ˵Ѿ˵ɲֹأ˵⻹Ǹӣǰĺˡ
Ѿ˵ţ˴˽һ
һָķΧɾСˡ
ĸŮͬﵱֶԺ˵ģ£Ҳô
ҷѾȥˣʣµǼֻҪ˭ܣܶϡ
ţһ˽ŲӺ˳
СѾǰѾһһ
⿴ǵƶ˾ŷ֡
ʮа˾ǳԼġ
νԿηûʵָͷϵԣͷϵһѵȲҲܳߡ
⸮˭ôԸ
ûǰļ䣬ܻĻͿͱôϳȥ
ڲͬˣһ֪˭ųķ
ԼƵسǱϿˣġ
ëǶɣԼڲƤ£һ紵ݶӰ
ʵ׹ѾԼϵҲڽתֻû뵽ܹ֤ԼѪʱ򱻸ϳȥ
ϿɲΣһʲôһͬҲѾˡ
ףȫȻ޹
ԭҪı󶯣ɳҪСҲ㡣
صԺվǶѩĴϲ֮գձ'֮ʱ
ǰҪҪֹγȥⳡѡȣҪӦԣͲòȥˡ
-
إߣ˼Ȣ
ʢҴϲ֮գǽõĹ¡ѾߺС˶һ
Ҳһʹ͡
Ӧ˶ѩϲơ
ѩ˱ֻ˵ذԼԣʢһһȻ
ϲУĻˣһ˽ţͷӭ
Ŷѩ֣˼ؿ裬ϲǣϲá
ϲվԱߣһأݸã޶԰ݣɡ
һɡͷžط˱ڡ
ϲУ⿴һԱԼıˣǰٳԵˣٿԵĶѩ׼ᶨ顣
ȹϲƣҪȥ
ѩסһһ˯ٻȥ
ȴ˵ˣ࣬Ҳͷˡ
ǳԺӣҲûȥ
Ŷѩһض˵մϲɩռǼţ¸ʱ򡣽⼸ձúڼңɩӣüŻظյ˵ţϽ֣Ҳ֪Ȳȣڼҹغţǧȥ
úúáѩһӣֹ˹ıͷ㶼˵ٻˣҲ˵𣿳һȥҼȥ
Ǿͺãҡҡ֣Цü˿ҾͲ㱻ϻˡ

ңûˡ
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ʵ12д˵Ƕֶ絽ڲĸ¡
21켫⾫ŷ˪Ӧ˪ǰ1000ؼ̲סĽţ
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ҿʼ
һʼʱ仹ǲȶҴͰʱȶˡ
ֳĻҪʲôʱ򿴱ȽϺã
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹϴ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ӡJoeyzhang 50ƿҶ 10ƿ㡢flora 5ƿ̫Ӳӡ36009020ų񫡢ǳġ΢ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

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˸, ݷݵߡ
⼸ղߵЩĿⶼ
ֱصԺЩĿųͬ
һһ졣
һ͡
ԺƵشһèУѩķǰվ
ӭӱһ, ǰ, תһȦ
ѩⱻһ, ̲סЦ

ѩϵͺ, Ȫϴ, ٻʱ򣬱ϵıһͿ˿Ѿȫˡ
˵һ, ˮͬЧġ
ѩû˿ڣֻҪȪˮȥ, òһȫá
лεѾ˿, ȪˮϴͺòˣðȪȥС
ѩѾοԺˡ
ǲܵĻ, ᵽлеԺұ⡣
лпҲֻѩ׵è
ʱͤ￴飬ѩܹȥϡ
лҲȥһָֻ
粻ѩԺ, ͸ذȦˡ
ѩ, ѩͷ, °, ๾
ͷβߣһ飬źүˣ
ˡ֣Ҳ泩ˣҸȥˣԼȥɡ
ѩһƵ߿
С⣬ϴɾ֣ٽ档
СҶæ
ǲЩһһֻǶȻ˽
նµĵġ
ڵĸճһ͵
ΣЦеʱ⣬ĵĺó𣿡
ţԼĵ£æصͷóԣ
ĵһһĴСҲ׵
ŴµĹ㡣
ļƷ
ĻԽĸˡ
ҲԼյƷǳ⣬Ҳ֪ô£ǽ͵СĹرʣֻĲȸرãĸĺóԣÿһζشһ
Ӳ֪ΪÿõˮȪ
ϺˣɩӷҲˣûǲʲôԵı仯
ͨˮֻ˾ķ˸óˡ
˲Աͷĵؼˡ
䵽׺ܿҪ˶ڸﲻȥ
ֻϣǵ嶼ÿЩ
ϱԺСѾмܿģΪ
ʱػõģͿ
һãͬˮһˣȥ鷿
һͷֽʱĶҲڡ
лԨѾȵð
лпɲһлܹһ˿һ죬ס
лаֵʱлԨ鷿ﶫתתתתòŲ̾۾һˣ
⿴վԭתһԼֵ
˵ȴԼ߹ֶŵĲ㡣
λԸͬ
лڼȣ
л䣬˽ʡ
еڶлԨǸңƽıʳ
⾩ʳСС䣬ûһûԹġ
ڸзôһأȫóԵĲ㡣
طܵС
ԴӷĲرζԺͰܡ
лԨѲϣְѲյƵ˵ܵǰˣȳԡ
ⱻ˲̣תȥšɾ˲֡
ĵҪųԲãлԨֱˡ
ݵǰӣźٺٵЦһ˻
ȵһɾ֣һŽ
Ƭ֮󣬱лж˸пš̫óˣ
һСһĳӣôԼǱ߾ôóԵĵģ
лҲһƤֳɫĵģС
ڼ壬ȻǼѵζ
ŲˮһڵԺ󣬲ŶѾʼԵлԨ˵⻰͵ȥҵĳˡ
ΪӵС׼ʦ˶ʦͬԴ˴ʦơ
˵Ĳ˸˵ˮƽǲȥġ
лԨҲֻ֪ܲΪŮӣرó㣬Բøɫ
һͣ£һ̵Ĳ裬һ
ȡ˺ˮ˵ҲڸҪԣֱͺˡ
ˮԼ磬ڵǸöһһò㣬ӶԵıնˡ
лûв²豭űʵ𣿡
⻹δ˵лԨ˵϶ǣСⶼ˵ˣǻм٣ҵö
лһЦܿͰ⼸̲øɸɾ
ѿ˵ӴСӶˣλүϻҪҪԷˣ
лԨֹ˸㣬СЩߡ
ӵܵܵԺһ뿪תͷЩȥԺӡ
ԵóԵĶҲʱТĸ
˵ȻмŮױԣлԨĴڸȴǼǿġ
Ÿ߽ԺӣעͷĺֱһЦ˵ˡ
̧ͷδӾЦǲǴʲôʳ
лԨδžȽȵߵѾ߽ļõᱡ㳯еʳУ㿴ҴʲôóԵģ
ӵĻ˵ĻһӦѾǶŴЦ
лԨĪʳн˺֣ǰ¡
ְĲ˳ϣʳиӶԼġ
лԨǰƣߴٵ쳢
һ㣬¶ϲı飺ţĺóԡ
ԼĶӣʵļӵĵģ
Ծĺӣ˵
һʳУٿװĵӣɵõⲻǸ𣿡
лԨͷֶ̧Ժһ㣺֪ܿ
֣ĸף˵ҴܵԺģСһ
ʱСѾ˲лԨһ˵ȥȥȥݴȵĶǱݴˡ
̲ס΢Цÿζʱ򣬶ɵʱ̡
лԨŵܵԺĲ軨׷ͬĸ˵Ƭ̵Ļ̲ס˼㣬ʵǲٴȥˣ뿪
ȥٿϵĲ㣬ϴЦݡ
Զ˵˵ǶӰѲ͹ģٲҲӵ˼ء
ԡЦŵͷ˵жλ˱ࡣ
ͬദǢԼԺҲŸĸˡ
һ룬תѵǴҪ˱ȥԺ￪ʼģ
ЩʱҲ㡣
ȻѾڹùţǾϲıݴһʣµĴ󲿷ֲ㶼ˡ
ҹϨ˵ƣ򸾶һ
ڷУ˵жλô࣬ټɽõǩܾáܾܺ
ӵӣͷĶͷһ£ġ
¹ˮС̨
ڶ类ʱѾԤƵǰȥױ
ĸĸףҲͶܳԵȪˮĲ㡣
£ڸУ⵹ǲõġ
һ̧ͷŴ
Լ飬ѾӦԣʣµľǵȴˡ

١
㱨컹ûд塣
Ŭһ¡
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 35 
̫Ԫ, µۼλ졣
Щ̶Ҳʱ˾С
дδй֣Ͼͼˡ
йŮٵǶĵطȥλ, һˡ
οͬһ, մż֦ƶԽС, ŵ׺ȹͷɾеܽ, , һܽػңԵԽݹˡ
һϲ֣ȺŮ֮ҲԼľ֡
ڼζ֮´, һпķš
ǽƽȴǽϵֶŮǳŮ
볤һĸͬ, һǻ, ƽݵλȻֲͬ
βôһˮȱϯ˼ξۻ, ƽҪλһȡ֮
˽һ棬࿴ŶԷͷȽϵβ, ǲġ
άֱƽʹк֮, ˾ʹŸԵֿ·, 
һŮ, ȰΣοƽϾ
ⲻǶѹ磬ѹ磬˶ôҲûֳʤÿμ涼
лĻߡһԭЩȤÿĶȥˡ
תͷȰԼĺ˵ƽ䣬Ҿͷ
ȰŮһĻ֪ⳡԿ϶ٲ˵ġ
ǸΪĴ䣬ȵ֮پۻᣬҪ˵Ŀ϶϶ʲôʲô¶Ƚϡ
ˣζԼĻϼʲôȤҪڽƽ֮ǰȡ
׷Ӧǡ
οص˵ͷ
֮ԴӦЩԼΪȽƽһ˰ԼණտǴʹ졣
˵꣬ĹŮѾ˷۵Ʒˣѽ쿴
ⷬȻǾвͬ
䲻ҪƽϾҲ׷Ǯ
ЩĹƷֲڣȴһֿҰ
Щ͸ƿװţ̶ӰɽˮҲùߵ嵭ζͬ
֣ʽ˶˲١
.ȴֹЩƷڻлҰ
Ůһԣһֻֻޡ
߱Ŀķűӣһޱ޵سϣ޵ŭ
൨СĹŮŰԱȥ
ΧЩ޵ģܸһȥʱ򣬴඼ǵһοЩ
֮Улζͬ
һ߿˾ú£ֱͨͨײһ۷Ź⣬Լ޷԰Ȼܹӣܰѽƽһ
ֻϧֻ룬Ҳǲҵġ
޵Ļȥ֮󣬺ٹľЩ̶һˡ
л۾һĿꡣ
Уոѩϴ裬ԺĽӸѩë
ŴӲԶСѾߵ˵ͷε֣εȥֻͷרעԼ顣
ѩ۾´˸Ƿ
⿴ǰһƬҶƵѩıϡ
Ҷӣһ̣кİ᰾ʹ
ԽԽڵˡ
̧ͷҹԼС˶ҹȻվڴҶ
Ҷһ죬һӰ
ΪӰʱڸߴ
ⶼ֪ʲôʱԷģҲ֪Էġ
ֻüԼʱǶӽСôһҹ
ҹ
ܳС
ԭݶţҶͷӹû뵽Ϊ
СϰŵǼ̲ȣһСƣٿǰԼŮ
ԼûԱ𣿡
Աˡ˵ô࣬һֱûҵᱨ㣬ҵվˣٷԣӦóԵ°ɣ
ᰣȻ
ÿջôʵ˰ҹǻġ
Ϊ˲ºۼԶֻԼķпиˡ
ǰ£ﱻһ˫ӣڶŮԼ˵԰ɡ
û˵ѵǺߣ˿ߺʲôҿԲ㡣
˵תͷҪ̧ס
ȴ˵á
ĽһԣȻ̧ժߡ
⿴ϤĿϱչ¶Լǰ
룬ժֵһĻҲϱӡ
ᰵһǰժ֣ׯ
꺮䣬֪ӣұ͡
ƣС¯
ѩ˾¯߶á
ǰ¶գҲժɴ˵ɽﺮ顣
̧ۣԼʵô
æûʲôȻߴԡ
ᰳĲˣ˵һھͣ
ٷȫǰĿζģշŵҪ
Բ̫ˣȥʢ
ûȪˮķӨ㡣
һ룬ȫǳԸҹ
ȵ¿ӣԼ̫ˡ
Ȼڶ棬άһʼƣӶûô
ʼֻǿԣȻЦеʵó𣿡
ᰵͷԺҪһӶܳԵķͺˡ
Ļ̫ͻûжǰŮ˵
˵ԺлᣬҴȥӴ㿾ˣҲ㳢ҵա
Ǹ߸˵Ӧ˺ãȻȥ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ǰûֵڵϵıͱ׿ˣȻ˵ֲһӵӰ
ǰɲ֪
ͣԭʰ֣̲סʣΪʲôΪӵӰأ
ʦġ᰻شúܸɴ࣬ʦǷ飬ҳ顣֮оֻһҪôӰȥٵߣҾӰ
һʼлпȫ֪СӰĴڵġ
С͸䣬˼У󣬰ҹˤҲȥӲȵ
ͨͳ˯ŵʱ˸شϣ߸ϱӣ
һôʱлһץס֡
˵֮Ҳ֪װ˯ģͷҴˡ
Ȼ͸лӰΨһѡ
ԭԼӦʲô鶼֪ġ
һŵԨԴ֪Լ಻˽ġ
ȱæʰ˵лҪ㡣
Ļͣ˶ߣ۾
᰿С¹۾żȻЩԣܣǰһֱûʹ㣬ܳȥʲô
ǰ㲻ŸЩԣŮ˽ɣ˾ͺܲԾ
ʲôʱԼ⣬Ͼʼȥľˡ
ڵ㻹ǵǴ˵ɽºԺĸ𣿡
һüǵãôˣ
ˡ˵ԭȥĥö׹ӣȴԺﲻʡ¡ȥɽµĴʦǴʦȴ˵үүϵ缲Ҳβãֻܺúš
ᰵ˵ͷѾ뵽ǳȥʲôˡ
ʵصںɽûչˣҾͰȣ˼СԺӣڳĻͬȻ˸չһǵģԾͲʱȥ
᰿ôأ
ҡͷֲʲô˵飬˼ȥ߱ˡ
Ȼʰ꣬תֲ˰ᰡ
£վѩҲܡ
ڸе⣬Ҳľǰᰣһһèˡ
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ɫ۾׿ֳĿ
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Ļǰѵǰ˶Ƶһԣÿһ·
θĹŮ̶վ˽кõ
Щƿ˱ЩһȺŮϵĴ֪ǹˣֻԹĻ˻ȥ
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δ󵨣ԽԽϾˣǷޡ
ϴɫȺһ۾˵ĿҲϡ
кüΣ⳯׳˱ʻ
˾ûʲôھȴԵˣкüŮʶض㿪ˣֻû
ͣòĹٻ˵λСԸһң
Ӧʲô
˻ûشվԵŮסβҪȥ֪Ҫʲô˵ġ
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һ·֮עĿľ˵Ϸˣͷƽ϶ھۻϴΪ̸Լ֪еܣ޵ʱ˵̨գ
΢ЦС鲼
ǰȥá
ΣŮȰϵζ֣ƤȥҲֵֹģԶЩá
ξһҪ̽ѰϷܣͷ˦֣˵ȥȥͻءȻȥˣнӹ鿴Щĺ첼
Ѻ첼ȥ˸飬Ҳûҵʲôأֻվ̨ϵ˰ѲߣŵǸ
첼ȥðȴһֻӡ
µĽкˡ
վĶ䷭䣬ģ·ܣֻȥһѳס·ޡ
˱ôһϲŵĻ⧲Ķչ¶˳
̨¶ʱȻЦ
ǵЦУվ֣˵һʲôķأҲЩ۷
Цõ⣬˿ȴΡ
վ·ŮβЦŴӴ˴ȥ
ӴЦˣЦöۣȺŮҲ̿ȺԼŮոշ飬˭Ҳ˵ȥ䲻׼߽ƽûУ
úúãˡ
˳ŵ֮βֺ²ع˸飬ֱɫŻؼҡ
ȥ·ϣֿڵƻҹɫбϷ类ν¶·ûз˿ıݣ˷ܵغȲʡ
ƽҲУ۷ؿδйıݡ
οӣЦһ˸
ЩŮҵ⣬ҲһᵽԺ
빬ҪùŲŻһԺţϴ贩£Ͽһ;룬ϴЪϢˡ
˰ҹͿʼգҲͣجΣ˵
ҹѾĶѾյ泱졣
ˣæȥд򣬿ȴֽвΪнҹͬʱ˶˸ȵ֢״
ֻܴҴȥ
ԭѾ˯µŮͻȣ
Ȼӣȥ̫ҽ
̫ҽΪŮƿӣ˿
˵ù컨̫ҽһʱҲ벻ȥټϵ֪ǰοˮֻȾ˷纮طη纮İ취˷ӡ
⣬ܿӣҲ֪˭С˵һ䣺ԿˮͺǶء˵Ǳҿ񣬵Ǹǣֻֻܸ
˭˭˵ϻػͷķҵؿСѾߣ֪ղĸ˵
ռ˱ݣĸʼиطں¡ġ
鲻ͷʲôϵͷѧаأ
Ļ˸˵⻰˵˰
ΪҴϢȻҾŻһˮ
տˣڳôң˷˵ġ
һ϶˵Ķܿͻᴫǰȥ
ʱǼ٣ǵļɻ䣬ᱻϳȥ
Ҳ뱣ס

οͻȣ̫ҽƣҩǰһѹȥ
ǹڱǵȴڸҡ
ԺҲˣÿձʧʲô⡣
ϣܹ֣οһ
Ӷ
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С﷢Ƣһˤŭǳô׵ģ۸Ů˶۸ͷˣҲͰˣôҲ⣿
˵Σĸѹȥȴûʲô
µǣԺļѾҲȵ֢״
һʼֻǸȣƣͱɳʲôʲô
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һҩ˵ϡ
Ժ˶һ飬ԺӵţǶóȥ
Ĳݸƺʱ̣ھ̵ʵ㣬ôˣ
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컨֢Լǿ, ȾԼǿ
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ǹڴδģ컨, ̫ҽȥΪεʱҲûп
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Ԫʵ컨֢֮
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̫ҽԺԺΪѵصҽεİ취
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⣬ŷõټ̱㶯빬
һ컨͵һʱõϢѾȥѰ컨Դͷ
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Z֪θȾ컨ֻĺѡ
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οԺУСѾ߻жôأСʵ컨ʲô
컨һֲܹȾһʼһ̿Ⱦաʹ༸գϾͻῪʼȻ󳤳ŧ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

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Ժ
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컨ǵùһξͲٵõļϧĿǰȴ޷ơ
Ŵʦ˷ɽ뿴ʲô취ܹ컨Ķԡ
컨飬ӦҲ
ŷŴʦǸֻ˵ȥ
λʦͬ˲ͬŷˣŴʦΨһһ
ȥѰ컨ķŷץס˴컨Դͷ
յڵﱻ˼գȷдȾԣŷ
ԷϵӺܲһ
ⲻ٣û֬Σ컨µӡӾ͸ˡ
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һ˵ǰ
Ĺٻ˵òǺܺãֺܼһ͸˵
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컨϶ָʹġ
ֻʹõҲ֪ˡ
˵ܿŴʦҪʲôֻҪҵ취κ컨

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ԾͻżżѲݸȷһ
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ߵľֵĲݸȻǾͻڵһ±
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ʱһȵʱ
ʱз컨, Ѿ˰ࡣ
컨סˣȾ˶𽥿Ҳࡣ
ǰӵ֪ϾѾϲһ
ӦԼȥ֧ǩ
ֻ컨׹ȥҪȥɽ»Ը
ҲЦݡ
Ůսת, ӵȾҲҽεϣ
ⳡĥѹȥ, һ˶Ȼøá
лڼھ, Ϣ϶Ҳˡ
лԨ˵ܳ׺ˣҪȥƥ
ܴδһ, ǵ׵ĵܵеʧ
Ժ, лδӻ
һ۾ͷԼֱš
езɣȫ, һⲼü
ô, Ǳ²
ΪܳĻʺ, Ҿ²ܴ衣
Ƿ²֪Ҫδ
δ, ͷİϤʶ˲ԡ
Ǳһģܻġ
ǵǼ⴩͸ľʹ, еԼʶƯ, 
һ, ٽĿԱߡ
۽Ϥİ衣
һ, ⲻԼס˽ʮĹ뷿Ǻδ
죬һȻУˣ
˻ƣ̾˴
οߵĴѾԼǰϲصˣ
һԼʱֻĸо
жû˽йˣ
Ӽ޸ӣһߵ˻ʺ֮λ
ֻһͳһա
񾹷Լֻصʮ컨һꡣ
һʱ䶼֪ԼȥЩһΣġ
ʵľ⡣
Լס֣˸ҩƿҩͿϡ
˵ţȥӣ˻̵ġ
СĵظͿҩ
ҩֹܱƤʪ󣬲ױѡ
Լù컨֪˿̺εѰλоѾȽ
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áĵסѡ
尾֮УԼȥһ
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ŻĸҸӮˡ
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ϵҪϱһˮ, Ǿε컨, пܻ
һǰһٻͳ˿ա
ɱ⻹, ѱһͻᱻĿ
ŮܻܲţҪѱϽ
֪ԼĿ֮, ˳ϵġ
Ƕ˽ģ˵һΪŮʵ϶ΪԼ
κҩ, ⣬´ɴʵأ
ųӦǱȫԼ, Ժš
û뵽ȴ˵, Ҳˡ
ɴָһ١
û, ξҲûܳȥ
ϱӲһ, ϱӳϿûе컨
Ǽǹҳ, ֻȰæ, Ⱥúýֿûʲô, ҪЩʱա
һӵ⡣
뱦йصʣׯ, û°ɣ
ׯһж, ǰ̫ĳҲˣȰׯǰׯϻϢ, ˵ӵ, ү˶ϲѡҲҪ, úñ㲻, ܳװˡ
˳Ĭ
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̫ǰ쵽ģΪ˱ܿ컨סׯϡ
εָսˣ˵ˣȥɡ
ǡЩȴûж롣
䣬ʲôֶġ
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Ϊ컨ֲ֮ãֱҪɻһֻ꣬ˡ
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ֻǻû֣ڳ֮վײȺɽ
һ̫ׯϣ˿϶Ѿˡ

ôĹ͢Ѿѧ˷Ĵ㡣
ⱻϻѾƲɵǹؼľԼҪôȫ
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صĸȴ̫̫Ҳĸ̫ĸ̫̫磬޽û׾̫᲻ǵԼĸʲô𣿡
Խ亹Խأһʱ
ξ˵ҪȥֹܡԲǼ棡
лοųһƬʧķһ˵šɱ˱⣬ɱ˱⡱ϱҲôңҲȥɱ˱⣬Ⱥɽȴȳ˽
ӴԺԼͰȣƽơ
ˡлοͬķӦѾˣֻʧصôһְɱأôĻᡣ
һ̧ۿŮ
ھ˵Ļ˵Լȴ˸
Ůȴƽ·˵һƽ顣
̲ס룬ǰԼŮ
οӣ֪п϶Լ
⡣
˵Ц˭ûմѪ
˵ѾˣҲֻǳ飬Ѿû취ˣһһ취
æʵʲô취
л΢΢һЦӴվص취ܼ򵥣ʲôʹࡣ
Ͽ̧֣ӹ·ļϳһֿ˻
˵׼ȻΪңһҲΪȥɡ

ϿԼƽһһ˵ﲻõģһ˲͹ȥˡ
ҪȫʶԼŮˣеΣﰡΣ
лѾؽĲϣս
׿ʼͺ죬ʼϢΡ
ǰΪףҪȥս۵һƬ䣬Ժҿʲô֪ǲҵģе㶼е
ץ֣Ӷͻ˳

ûԼŮϣ
̫ãûֻͽ͵ڴϵš
лսﲻ˵ǾΪȥɣҪˡԶҵףŮԶǵġ
ϽżҵصŶţ﷢
Ȼȴûзɰ֡
ڣһ죬Ŀض
лԾάƬ̲֡
ʲôûС
ɿѳһףڵ׶˴˸ᡣ
һУŰѳϵӴŵϡ
ȻתȥϸŪĺۼŪƽ΢Щ
ʼգϵʬ嶼۾ڿ
һ׵βָ̧޷ȥ˳ϵۡ
صǰһʼУ˰˰
ԺﻹжѾĽ׷˹
ֻҡҡ׹վűߣָ棬˵֡Ծˣ

лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ362 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ
-
ۣ˸ϱӵΣôҵС⣡ҷС⣡
⣺ⲻǸ𣿾ȫȻػȥ
СסŷZXXXţ
-
͡ѪϹָ

 43 
Ժ
ǰ, ǵԺˡ
ֻǰѾ߶ǲ, ɳȴϵԾġ
ֳˣҴҵظ
ԺѾ, ԭҪȥȴкָסˡ
ֵڻܽȥ
̫ҽ˵, òϵĽ, ȥԡ
ֻվԶԶţɫǡ
߬е, ˵ܾ˱Ŀ
Ժ, һֱںµĿ, ߰ο
Χصһȥͷľͻ񡭡һӦǰ, ɷŵϵʱѾûˡ
˽, һְѿĸ
ϵһӦȥ, ˡ
ֻϧϵˡ
Ժ, Ҫ̧ȥ
ϵҶ²Ϊʹ̫ʹˣԲѡԾ
ϵʬ屻ϰײ, ̧˳ȥ
ù컨, 趼û, жԡ
ûϢ̧̰ȥ𻯡
컨ˣ㴦õġ
̧ʬ˴Ժһ̲סǰһ
Ҳţظ߽Ժš
һŮվԶû££
ףԭѾƽЩһЩַӿ
վԺŻкüĵط֧ţؿ޺Һ£ס
סеãĶˣҲ֪ΪʲôԼŮҪ
ԶԶ˻⣬ϵ۱ӳ
סϵʱѾȻھӡӣʱû˻ȥ鿴⣬ʬҲᱻԺ̻𻯡
һѻȥһоյøɸɾ
δ۵ȴо
һ£ȫԼժˡ
ǻ˰ҹʬճ˻ҡ
ϴˣϾʣһѹǻңʲôҲû¡
ҲûˣֻбôһŮ
컨󣬱⻹Ҫлһġ
ûʱȥ֪
ϸϵĽҲʼ䣬ǳǳİ̡
ԺӵŴ򿪣˽
ױǰѾ߸硣
¶ѩδ飬ĲݡҲ˳ȥѾ߶һֵ.̡
ȥŵѾߣļòҪƽӹЩҲǳӡ
οвɺɵѾ߸ԼϷۣȻԼ˵ڸţͿˡ
žԼȷʵа̡
ǻ˱ڼ΢覣϶Ѿַ졣
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εˣҲָƽ
̫ׯҲסһʱ䣬ܿҪˡ
ʱлп϶ҲҪŻȥׯϾͲˡ
϶ű֣СѾͷԽдԽˡ
Ǳʷ滹Իɳ
űӣؿڵȻܹ̫̫ҲҪ֣ûУ
Դ̫ˣյذռű⣬ϾԼֵʱ䶼ˡ
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ͣıʣ̧ͷ˵үүһúġ
ϡߡһҿ̫̫ϲòУ˵ͷҪŮ
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ͬڴ˴̸ƫ
˵⣬̫ܾãҸ⺢Ե
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뾲ʦ̫̾һ˵ҪһϱŮҲãһ̨ɽҲãһˣٸԵ
һۼ;׽Ҳã̫̫һƹŷӣ⺢ҲһԷϡ
һյسӲԹһС
̫ĻҲȤ˵ҲɣҵһۼҲĶء
̫صҲôã
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ֻϧ벻
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⵹Ǹ⣬ֶ̫û뵽ﻹ̫̫
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ӹ⻭һչһ߶˵ô꣬Ҷʲôˡ
С̫Ŀ棬ȴ˲û
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СѾͷֽŶƱˡ
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СﻭŵŮüĿ飬˱⡣
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ã˵ûͬĸ׳һģһ
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룬ѪôŪˡ
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ӦǣСƵ
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ûС
Ѿ߰˷϶ԼŮ̫ĿԽĴȰеŭҲԽĸǡ
ׯϣ˻ǳٹӡ
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Ҳá룬˵ڼˣҪϳڼȥӡ
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Զԡһ˵ˣһҲ˵ӶŮһǿȥʱ򣬿꣬ϴŵʱִߵʱ׹ӣý
˵ţǻ涼Ժ
οҰ󣬵úܺá
ӻظ꣬ҲǾһһĹŮˡ
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ϵĺӣֶһۣȻ˵ȻʱЩˣҲǵǺССģȿҪСء
ŮޣҲϴġ
һ꣬һꡣ
׹֤ǾͲˡ
˵̧̫֣꣬ѱǰ
ˣǿ⺢ꣿ
ֿ⣬Ƭ֮˵￴ŵǸһ󡣡
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ʱʶΪʲô̫ΪʲôԼ
ĸˣ
⼸Ҫ
еǲʵĻԼײ
ǻᣬһеĻᣡ
ǡΪʲô
ȫ֪Ϊʲôĸᷢ쳣
Լ֪ʲôʲôûôֲԵģ
̫Ѿȼŭ
˵Ļ⵱ʱˣȴСһ
ѪǶ£ʲôӣ
ȥˣȥ̽˱Щڸе
ټĻ̫ѾɱǶĶˡ
ֵǵעѹŭ𣬶Ա˵˵ʲôʱģ
־Ů˵̫˵ǳʮζ֮ҵʱġ
һ̫϶Ե޹⡣
Ů˭
־־ؿű⣬̫ʣСʱ򡪡
̫ŭһ仰޷
̫һ˵ȥСʱΪλῴ˲㣿
ԭڵǵؿ⻰ۿһ죬ССʱԲʲôóԵĶŽ㡣ÿҪö£ϴ¿ջҲûʱ˯Ծһֱͺˣͳˡ
ԣЩ˰Ĳǰҿ
Լĸǰ
ȷѾ֪Լݣ˵Щֻĸʹࡣ
̫ĻѾ̡
黹㹻ǿߵȴĳ
һ⻰ѾվԱĨᡣ
ԭԭ
ǵСǵĽ֦Ҷ
СʱʲôӣǶǺôĵӣ
̫ۿ΢죬űɼǵãСʱи׹ӣ
Ƭ̣ڻǵ˵ͷ
⻰ﻹ᲻֪ԼΪʲô
˿ű⣬⴩Ѿ߷εŮһ˵ϡ
̫ȴҲǣֻʹʱ⣺׹Ϊβϣ
һγã˵Сʱ򱻽ˡ
Ѿɫף촽
ֲᣬʣô˵أ
һСΪ˵ǱǽģƫңҴǱǽģӦ㡣
͸ǽģʲôǽġ
Ѿȫȥˡ
ǵС
̫Ҳۿű⿿Լ̧
̫ⵣģֲֲ́ңôˣ
ӡ̫ҡͷ㲻ý̫ýҡ桢ĸ

ƼһԡСɵޡbyţڱ
ҲʮԿ~
İ
ںƺ˸Сϱ
Сϱð۵ȴǸСɵӡ
ҪײܳԷ
Ҫ˯
Դƺˮȣ֮С
ƪ
Сϱһֱűͷϵһӣ
ƺĵȥ˺ѣ֪Ҫһӡ
ҹ͵͵ȥݡ
պСϱͷҲһöһӡ
ƺƣţԼĲһöͭǮ
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ɵӣ壩+ţ壩
Сϱ+˲Ӳ
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죨6.10ղǿոɣ
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д߿ޡ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 44 
ôء
̫, ί벻һ˲䶼ѩڡ
˿̲¶κ֪κйԼ¡
һͨСѾߣ⻰֮󣬵һӦ¶ŵı顣
̫۵ؿ, Ľ֦ҶͰ͵˵ǳϣҵ֡
̫֣һһٵصĵȷȷҵŮ, Ѫ
һ̧, վԱߵֱæĨ, Ȼó·ƵС
⿴̫̫Ա˵
ֽӹչС
ĿСϻŵŮʱ, Ҳɵסˣǡ
̫̫С񣬸̫̫סԺ
ס, ⻭ϼͬԼһģһŮ
һ, ֪ΪʲôĸϳԼˡ
СϻŵŮĸԼ
ԭ, ԼѪ, ǲףҲĸס
ĸ, Ҳֺ
Լ˭أ
䲻ԼѪ, ҲԻ
һ, ȴеⶼ˴𰸡
һʱЦһʱޣȵֱϡ
ȥС񣬶ᡣ
ֿĶٴκᡣ
̫𣬶ű˵ĸûˣߵñ游Ҫ硭
ˣ˶ǵ̫̫ò
ͬı⣬ᱻϲѪ
̫˵Щ뱦ϣⲻҪԹ
Ȼһ˵ţȴҲһ߱۾컯Ūˣ컯Ū˰
ǵĽ֦ҶͱˣصУȴҲϲ
ΪⳤüȲֲƫƫŵĸ
̫ˣĺô꣬ڸ̫ˡ
̫ᣬȴеһֻСشԼֱϡ
۾ͿվǰС¹Լ
桢ĸŮŵؽһĸȻΪ˰̫һ㣬Լ¶һõЦݣĸޣⲻ࡭
̫Ƶĺӣۺ⣬ҪοԼӣ̲סֽ̧ԼĻޣⰡҵŮҵıⰡ
ĸĻУҲ̲סˮץ̫ءĸ
˿һš
Ҳֹסᡣ
ӵίڴ˿̻ˮʡ
ڼС֮ǰ֪ô֤ʵԼݡ
ڣѪԵ׻ǵõ֤
޵˿޵öڲͣزͺ޸ĸƼѰ˹鴦
̫ĶҪˣűͷ֤úӡˣڡˡ
̡п޵òѡ
йọ̃ıӡ
̣ͬҪӡ
̨̫ɽЩ꣬ƹŷ飬Ѱе
ڱǰˡ
ᣬ⺢ܵĿֻԼôû
һ˵ء
ؿ޳Ҫ;еί
Ҳǲסؿޣ¶ֻ̫ס⣬Ȱס̫
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û뵽ϾȻ󵨣ūĽ֦Ҷ
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ֻ޴ǵŪǵ׻ڸУ
λȥȻҪǶãܡ
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лмһ˫Ӱ۾ԥԼ
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ĸǰų׵ؿ޹һ֡
ΪԼѾίϤй˳һ磬͸еԼҪˡ
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Ϊ޷֤ԼݣӲ˻ȥ
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ᰵ鲻ֹӣֱ
ли񶼻̫Ժȴһ뿪лߣ˳÷ĺɽϣš
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ڲһˡ
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ڰϻԺǵĸĸ϶޸һӰ
ˣĸҲˣлҲʱ·һԡ

գӻ˾ϴȥһ糾֮ׯϣĸȥ
һͷֳѾ׼Ҳ
·ڵ
лڼЩ⣬Сǰ˵ӣ̫ӱҵ׼ˣӲصȡ
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컨Ҫˡ
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̫ѹеĽš
ѾĴ㣬̫һҪϻˡ
ţ۽ޣλĸ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

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ǰǱ⡣
ɿ˽յ֡
, ڻҡ
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̫һֻ֡
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ĸߣ̧ͷţԼʱ
ʱǸССĺԶҲ벻ԼһشŽһС
, ϶ȵɫ
ע⵽ϱӲһ, ⱲûʲôԵ˰̡
һжˡ
ѩû, Լû׹, ܶ鶼Ѿı˹켣
ĽһҲġ
̫ʼǰȥ߸
ϳ˶һ𾪣ӿԺȥͳԺһѾߡ
ȥׯϣ̫ߣȻ˿ĳ
̫ҪŮ
̫ˣһ졣
֮£ٿȾ컨Ĵңһһء
عҲЦݴ̨ӭ
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񲻺ϡ
û뵽εϡ
лڼлԨһлζ
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š̫¶ЦݣӦǱȽġ
ϱԼѡģҲ߽ôãѼҲ̵úá
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Ϊ컨ȱԺ, Ǽžˡ
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׹Ӵϻ˳ٱ⵽ߣˡ
ԭ׹һģһƷŮؿڣԼɰŵ׹
˵游׹ӣҪˡ

ϣԣҸģҵء
-
ͣ6.12ģ
13ŸϷɻʮӦй̶ʱһ֪ж١
ͻᾡȽһ£Ƿ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]СʹСء޴ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
 39ƿϹ 12ƿɵϻ贡̲ 10ƿӨ 5ƿlaugh 2ƿLסδ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 47 
, ׹ص˱ϡ
Ȼװٵĸ, ͸ɴѼٵĴţȻСɰ
һѡ·, ѡ˺üͷ棬ŷ뿪
Ժӳѩȥ
ջ, ʲôҲ, ˵ȥ̡
Ҫ۱˭ĸ׺ڵһĸĸ
, ĸǰҵˡ
Ͷѩ̫Ժ, Ժһ˸е徲
ԺӶָûʵĸо, ԺȴǸģ׽Ȼ⡣
̫ס
², ҲȻС
Ժ, ˱⣬Цеͬһ񣺡ˡ
֡Ц, ̵ν˰ɣ
ֱˣ
ͷǾͺ, 졣
Цеݣ̫εˣСް, ʱʱĸ
̫, 
۾, ƿȻǱˡ
ϴŵһ䣬Ҳһ䣬ȥȫǧˡ
̫¶Цݣ̡;ԼǰѰ˼ҵŮһ̫ߣ¡
ԽǸŴ󻧣Խܷ࣬١
̫ҪľǱŮ
̫Цۣűͷôˣ˵׼˺ܶණҪһһѡ𣿡
۹ãߵĺָ÷ֵõѡۼѡˣҵ˿ճˡ
СѾͷǹ߻ˣ̫ţʣ׼ʲô
׼Ķ˵һ飬׻ҲԺӣȥܶİڼҾЩҲǰźÿ˵ûʲôһϲŵġ
˵ųΧһȦ¶ϲɫ
̫ЦˣԶڵ١СҼҵģ뷿ȻҪڵƯЩˡ
ջĿ⣬˵ʵã˵׼ʮպͻ硣
˵ͻ磬ȻǿϲȦӿ״ᡣ
̫ű⣺ôС⿴ôģ
̾һ̵ϥͷ
׽ֻСè̫Ķˡ
Ůı˵ŮܹھѾܸˣαػҪЩ˿ڸеѾߣǶȻιһ㲻š
ǿɲɡ̫֪ǲƽЩǳȴܲΪ㣬˵ˣҪҲҪ÷⡣СԴô࣬ҪľСմѣγ޾
һЦĸϥͷӣ̫̣ôҲֻܳ㣬ô޾
ˣ̲סЦ
ѩˣҲЦ
̫εҡҡͷŮʵϡ
̫˵Ķͷ͵СĸƫҪ˵Լֻ㡣
򴽣ձ¶ǳǳУʵӵ׹ƾȪˮҲܹɰģһɱǡ
Ը⡣
ڵòǸĸģصߣõЩѾܺˣαػҪȥ׷ǲʵò
ȵ˵ŻԺˡ
̫ͨԼߵСŮ˵ˡ
⿴ƿĹȻǴ硣
лڼѵʱĸ밲û뵽Ҳ
ջĿ⣬̫񣺡ĸ밲
ɡ̫ЦеصҲվŸһ񣺡硣
лڼԱĹ۸иܵܲһ
뻹йӴǶ˵һİˡ
ֻڱá
ԣֻǶԱ˵ͷ
Ҳûر⡣
֪һΣУԼŲͻȻðλõˡ
̫ͬˡ
öĸ˵дڣһԣֻǾ졣
лڼѾ볯У񣬵ûôʱ䣬ֻСƬָ̣ȥ
һߣһ̫ߡ
㰡̫һЦһҡͷ⻹Լè㿪һֿʼ
ű֣˵㵽ٽӴǲϲ㡣ȵӳˣתҲͬһ㡣
šͷûж˵ʲô
̫죬̫ԼŮȻԵȻûôѧ𷨣ż˵ĻҲܺϷ⡣
ȵ̫ŷˣҪСһŸ뿪
ַ̫վ˵ū澿׹ǻصˡ
̫š
˵пڣҿ̫Ǻˣ֮ǲ̨ɽˡ
ǰ̫Ծɴ΢Цһһ߸пбڣҲȥˡ
Ļ˵Ҫүˣ϶ʮָˡ
̫ٱ飬̫Ը
һŮסͲˣ˵ѵĺ£
̫Ժӳѩο⣺ڵٸӽӴ̫ͬ˵һպϤˣӾͻͬλһ۰ˡ
С˵һʲôѩû壬ǰǰʵ˵ʲô
̧ͷ˵˵Ҹô࣬ôһοҲ˶ϲңԲԣ
ѩʧЦҪ˵ʲôԱ߾һֻѩ׵è䡣
űתһȦȻεؽһ
ѩϲؽһŶܵԼűѩô֪
ѩѩ˵ӣ˵϶Ǵġһ˵һּѩմ˲мèıӵܵȥҰˣ
ѩſڱĻ
ǰȥׯϣûа취ѩһ𣬲֪Ⱦ˵컨᲻ȾлΪѩһ
ԺҵģҲû˹˵տһֻè
ڼƤë͹ˮ֤ʱڸǹúܲŷġ
ѩվûˣѩҲһҪӡ
תͷԶѩ˵߰ɽ㡣
ںˣԼԹĴ׹Թıѩ
Դ߱ģٻѩһαͲ⡣
ѩͬѩһлеԺȥ
ߵһ뷢ӵӣۻлڼŮӰбŵè
ǵǵġ
ΪãҲķһЩҡ
һת۾ͱⱧˣһֻèûΡ
лڼվ۾ԼС߹Լ˵ӣҵˡ
ĿһСŵӣ߰ɡ
ⱧѩлеԺӣһŵ΢
һǲڸʱ䣬Ժֿ˺ü衣
ԺȻûˣһߣշ̵ľֻʣСˡ
߽ڻţǻδȥһ硱
õлԨ۾һˡ
ͨһζкóԵĲ㡣
лԨѾγ䣬һʱ̸Ĳˡ
ûһⱧֻѩ׵è߽
лпģĿˡ
лԨǰ˳Դ׵ӣС⣬ֻ磬ҡ
ǰ£еѽ磬磬硣
һ˺üŶˣͣ
ѩȥתһȦѡлеȣһȥ
ȫûиоȣȴԸоһůůèлп̲ס¶һЦݡ
лԨѾ֪֪ܵܵˣģҲǻϲ
˵һյܾܵվԼ·ˡ
ţڵУĸ״㿪ͻ磬ǵСôôҼȻڸУʱҲɡ
леָѩıϣèŪ÷ǳ
۽ޣ۵ġ
лԨϲ֣һκ񣬷ǵĸҲôá
˵ܵܵĻ۾ôأȻת˱⣬ҪȡͬˣС˵ͻ˼
ȴҲ˵ģ￴塣
лĻһ
лԨʲô˼
ȻصΪҲѽԾͺ˼
лԨ
ĬƬ̣˵Ϊҡ
ôᡣ޹ؿĸ˵һԺš
һԷлԨƣ˵ð
лбܾɱȴǰ棬˵ȥ磬Ҳĸ׵С׼ֺòˣ绹ûгķء
лУ̫Զ
⣺ȥ
ѩϽһҲڰﱦߴ٣лֻεشӦˡ

ȴҿµʱӦѾڻˡ
ÿγžͶۣ˵ӦӦ
ϲһи£еĻǷˣ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ྫ 10ƿӰL 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 48 
ļڵ, ʱ, ߻ŵġ
лڼԼĻţ̧ͷ˿ɫ, С˽ղԺš
˵̤δɢԺȥ
ߵѾǰһ, ĸ׽ǼõԺš
лڼѰ˼, ĸڲΪ
̤ԺӣͷѾһ׷񣺡ӡӡ
¶Цݣˡ
Ϊ, βС, ֪¹ճʱ
վűߵѾÿ, лڼ˽û˵Ӱ, ֪Լǵһġ
ӡֶ
лڼһͷ, ߹ڽеĸס
Цų£Ժ˵, ȥˮȸӺһ롣
ȥ, תͷԳ˵֪һնæ, ûθ, ûôԶ̶ɳССһ, Ѿɳַˣպڡ
òˡ
лڼ¶΢Цлĸס
̶꣬ɳһڹȻѾޱ
̶ɳСҲɲ֪Ϊ̶ɳ͸ζ
лڼһ룬òúһ롣
ųӣÿһĸ׼źϲԼ׼ʳ̲ס¶Цݡ
ֹƬ̣÷վ˵ӡ뿤ˡ
һϲˣ
лڼͣ½ʳĶſڣֻӴ򿪣ԼĶ˽
лԨһлڼֱ߷룬ףڳʲôôҲǡ
أġһӿڣ̲סЦ
лڼŶϸ˵ı飬ǰεҡҡͷ̫ˡ
ô˵ǲ֣кóԵգлڼǺлС
ǵãƽʱԸƣԼٿΡ
ǽȴȫţ˰Լƽ
лڼ󣬹ȻεǱ⡣
žѾСӹ
ڼˣлϲ
Ժֵõ̶ɳʢ
ĸס
ס
л뱦ͬк
磬վκЦףҰˣҲ
Цۣúá
лڼ׵ܣлɱƵǰ
ǰоͲ׽Σȴ׽⡣
⻹Ѿߵʱ򣬾ܵԺȥ˵õĻ٣󲻵͡
硣леĿлڼڰϣֳɫղֻͬʵôˣ
û¡лڼֿĸı⡣
Ŀ⣬Ҳһ硱õлڼ׻Ӧá
Ȼšá۵ȴ䵭ġ
û˵ʲôֻǾôĸԺʱָ̬˼֡
ԼĶŮֻ࣬еһ㣬˵Ǹ׺ܿͻˡ
Ÿ£㴫Ѿ
̤ĺɫ󲽴߽ӦȥҲǺܺá
ˡл⣬Ҳվ
ȵһǾһס
ӵЦգټĸŮϵЦݸʢô룬ˡ
űߣѾ˵үˣϲ˰ɡ
һǰĵƵţյܰ
ȣ˱
Ůڱǰӣϰϰʢĵȥˡ
ϯҲɣΪɻ硣
ӦںɻʢʱڣҲһغɫ
˵빬֮£ӵȥУ˱¡
һ˵ţһЦŮһۡ
æʵΣô˵
ҲŸףֻ˵ȻǴӦˣ˵ҪǱ÷ţñں󣬸Žȥʺ
̫ˡ¶ЦݣһʵĿΪвˣһ˵ԭҲĸһĸ˵ԼԣͲˡ
ǲ⣬ͷĸײϲ֣һ㣬жⶼĸ
ôһ˵лԨ̽ˣ˵Զԣøһ˵֡ҷŻȰܣͻʱҲ
ϾһĶǾйŮܵҲһһãóԵˡ
Ŷӻ˼۾һ
ǰжȺˣҲÿˡ
ƣԼ޶
Ǽжûˣ
һƬ֮УһԲлڼԵøĲȺ
ӸʱǶԵģôֲˣ
еʵôˣڼ
лڼ¿ӣƽصֻȴһˡ
˵ſ˶棬Ǹλǿյġ
ĸţǸλϡ
⻰һԭֵնʱ񶳽
𰻹׹ٿǸյλá
뵽һԺб˲̡
⿴Ŵı֣֪ΪαֵñĸԺи䵭ˡ
硣леĿĸԺǼ磬ûѪԵϵﲻͽΣ
лԨм䣬˿磬ֿ˿ܡ
ҪмȰһȰգ״ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ãֿ⡣
ãɫƽӦҡ
ʵϣ⽩ֵľǱ⡣
վ˵ףҵĲӦúˣȥˡ
ʵҪȥˣ
Ϊôѿ
ȥɡԱ˵ͷ
Ů뿪һתӣ˵ڼ֪ΡôЩãֲʧҪǵãá
лڼû˵ʲôְ˰֣Ҳ˵
˵һʣɵӰҲҪһʱ
ʱٴƿĲ˽ˡ
һӽĲˣɫĻӡ
ҶҶӣǻģо΢͵ĺ
һҧȥоĿڸкͺҶ㡣
һ˲˵ζ٣˷ŵա
Ʒ֮ʱ⣺Сģ
ͷСտǷǳġ
ŮЩҪһֵġ
ĴܺãҲǷȱľ֮ǰûбߣιܼҡ
ЩҲؽ
һٷǺͺֵسꡣ
ֻ棬лڼûһӡ
ǽԺĲˣüȪˮˮģԱǳ벻ԣûйϵ
ܱԺѾúˣҪԼ߶ס졣
ȻҲ˳ĸ׵⡣
ȵù֮󣬸Ƕ뿪ˣŶŮ˵⣬
Ů֣˵ȥɣ㸸лҪ˵
ǡǸŸ鷿
鷿˵صĵط֮ǰû
һ̤ͼ鷿ﲼõ÷ǳࡣ
ǽϹŻҲ顣
ߵǰĿЩϣ˵Щ游ģЩ鶼游ġ
ͷףʵЩ鸸׶𣿡
游ױѹҶ飬ΪҪȥ䳡Ҳöٳȥ
ԣһӵǶġ
Ÿ׸Լ˵ʱ£е븸׽˼֡
󣬴ӳȡһϻӣݸ⣺
ⲻԵֽӹ
ϻӱȽͻ׹ֻľϻҪ࣬ǲһģĳ
ٴζ򿪿
ִˣͿϻͷΪ㡣
һһƱֵǼǧ
סˣƱԼ֮ǰڳֶķӮ϶±
ôһƱǵ÷׹ĿռԼ˭ƲŰġ
Ʊ£ǼŵֱھеļӺͽׯӡ
ؿԼŮׯȻȲ糣סǸҲˡ
ׯϵĳã羰ҲãЩŮӦеġ
Щڸ˽
ҲׯӸӣ뿪Ҳܹúܺá
Ҫ뿪ȻͲҪЩûˡ
ԱģѰЩõĸ
ϻףԥصףЩ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ࣬ЩֻǵԼһ˽ǮԺиġ
ļҾʵ޲٣ȻҪŮġ
̫ʧõŮҲϲòУҪЩȻ
ʱСһõԸĸĸҵҲһӸˡ
±κιŮҲˡ
еظеԼš
׶Լ˵Щ㶼úţʱ´ȥЩׯӶһ飬ҲиԺ׽£Ҳеطˡ
ҲգóôණȻֻΪ֡
ģֻǻϷ͵ʥּˡ
ţŮ΢Ц˵ȥɡ
鷿Ů˵
ڹгԪ۵鷿ͬ˵
컨ˣһŮԪɢ
Լ̫ξڹţ֮鷿壬Ÿŷ˵ԼŮŵ¡
̫ξ޿ԪǰԼõļţ˵㿴⼸ţĸЩ
ǡŷӣ˹
ԪС¶ϲŷǣΪоΪֳһΪ֮
Ϊ˾ԼرɫֻҪóζԵܳͿԡ
ŷļţµļǳĿţûʲôɫ
濴ȥдȻǳԪ
ųԪ۵ıʼдš
̩֡
ԪԵõŴϵĺӣΣ⼸ţ
ǷǳĵģЩһ⡣
ŷʵɷһã
Ԫʮذ˰֡
ŷ˻ʵϵʣȻϵмȦһ
ֽԪۣΪá
̩ԪһȦţʵ̫ξôѡ
ŷ΢΢һЦֻ룬ķŸĶķһСӦǲġ
ԪĶķʲôȻ˿òõġ֡鷿Ц
Ц֮˵ãǱ̩
˵ž£ʥּ
ŷվһԣָ̧ĥīӷگڵ³͡
Сķţôˡ

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ľ 23:50:59
⣺so call me maybe
ʮ 23:51:11
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ѾѾ 20ƿҶ 10ƿ 3ƿӰL 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 49 
ù, ֵһԺ뿪ġ
Ժ, лԨܻȥ
Ǹһţסǣܡ
Ǵ硣лԨһͣס, תͷ磬ʲôҪܻȥһȥɡ
Ĳĺóԡ
ڸճ, лԨԼٳԡ
Ķӳ, Ǹա
лҲתͷߵߵĴ硣
ˡлڼһ˵ţһǰ, ˵ܵǰ
վڵ֮, âпȥǷ, ֻǿøͬ
˭ˣóֵܡ
, ȫǡ
С֤, ˭֪Ů
лڼ΢΢Ŀϵĵܵ˵ס, ˵һ¡
леͷ뽲
ɫҲѾղԺвһʱ, Բ
Ҳûʲôֻһǵճӡ
·ƽ̹˳˳ˮ
ûܹʲô, Ƭ档
лڼ, ڵҵ, ȴΣļ
лԨһ翪˵ֱҪ㡣
Ȼ˵꣬ؿܵɫ֪ܵ϶ֳ
лڼŵܵܵķӦü
Ҫ˵ʲôͱлһˡ
лԨŵܵܵ·𣺡סңҪ˵Щ
ûлڼס
ֱģûĻġ
áлɫ䣬Ҫ˵Ҳͬ˵һЩ¡
˵鵥ϲûνı⹤ļƣҲƲѡԺʱ򣬱ڳܴĥûļƣܰȫڣ
лڼȴţӣܹĥˣ
л֪ţӵǸúӡ֪ԼʱԺоͶҾľ𣬱ǳҪݺεԺҲûԹһ䣬뵽ȥΪθΪġĸס
ǰ硣лԨҲô̫ˣ԰ǻʱ㲻ڸУ֪ǳжྪաҪţɾ͡
ҧס⣬ûѡûˡ˵
лм绹ΪȥӣҲʧȥԡ
֪лڼԱĳɼǴġ
ΪûǰԽҹ˰̣ΪܵĿ಻Σ
֮ܶĴϻûкκˣẦңҶԼòҪлж˵ԾڴˣҲãҲã˵θûѪԵǵá
˵ԼٿΣԽ磬ҪԼԺȥ
лԨĸôȥ
æ׷ȥһ߰סΣһתͷԴ˵磬ȥ
лڼǷ˵ĿԶܵ˵ͷվԭܵԶȥӰ
СŵƣӺСظ˵ӣǻȥɣ
Ѿˣ·ϵƵƲܿ
лڼĬƬ̣ŷԼǿŵλá
С˵ȥԺӡ
СԭѾǿԺˣһӵɫ
Ӧһǡǰŵ·ǸԺȥ
лڼһߣһԺӵķξס
ܿ죬ҪӷΪϵһжᱻȥŮɡ
εԺӴǰ֣СѾ߶ࡣ
ȴԳưܵľƺĵƻ𶼲ǰˡ
ԺǰСȥţ˺ü²иСѾš
СѾߵԺش˭ѽ
С˵ӻθǳ˶ӹˣϽţ
һȻӹˣһһߴ˯СѾˡ
ԺôöûôӾ͹ˣ
Ժš֨ѽһ򿪣лڼ̨ףԺȥ
ĿΧһɨʵأ
СѾ֧֧˵
лڼĿϣСѾ߶ʱһ˵ϡ
Ƿ
лڼŴԺȥ
ԺѾ֪ûǰ̣𰲻ڣ͵͵سȥȥˡ
Ҳסǡ
лڼǰȥ
С˵׼ǵӸԺλѾˡ
Ůæŵǰ棬ͷС㣬ˣ
ױǰ̧ͷ磿
žеԼ⼸ʳ
˿ȥޱȵ㲣ϴ컨µˣҲûзȥڱΡ
յӱһҼ
ڸûԼ۱Ǻ࣬Ҳ֪Ѿˡ
׹ͳȥҲֻƲܹʲôʱ֮ģԼ
ҪĲڱڵʱ˳س
֪϶磬ойŮͷ˶֤
һͿȥһЩߵˣǵҵ˭ѪȾ׹
лڼˣȻҪȥһ
ţȥ
лڼţͿŷŴ򿪣εӰűߡ
ᡪлڼסŮȻ˶·ʧѪɫ
һо
վУڵ硭
лڼʱŭӿʵԺźأôź
ˣʮãȻҡҡͷҲ֪þûˡ
лڼԭҪǰһͬȥ˵סˣڵŮ
С˼״һ
лڼڵĹâпΡ
ķ⣬ο˵Ǵƶ˵䵽
硭ڴ߷ֺµʣĸھҪϳ𣿡
˭˵ģлڼü˭˵ĸҪϳ
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Ľ֦Ҷվ, ɢŹ
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ЦȻͣϣ˵ȴ˿ǡ
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Ʊ͸ˮû𣬻á
¡Ǯׯӡǳá
֨ѽһԺٴδ򿪡
ͷЪŵС˿ֳæ
ѩ˵ȥǱ¡Ǯׯһˡ
NNٴʻ˻ͬ
ûȥ¡ǮׯѩҲûȥ
򿴵ԿףͲ׵

Կףѩ˵үүǮׯŵĻʲô
ѩ²Щƽ𣿡ϾҲôˣЩҵҲ֡
СѾʱһһ·ӳµǱ
ֱ¡Ǯׯͣ£Ž˸ֲ²⡣
ͶѩӳǮׯɵĴš
¡Ǯׯƻֺ꣬ռعɭϡ
ȻǮׯ
һɽׯ
⿪ʼүүԿףȡĿֹܲһЩƽ
ߡԶѩ˵ǽȥ
ѩҲӦһߡ
ǮׯŻֺ룬Ҳɡ
ʮ̨ͬʱȺǮȡǮȻ˴
¡ǮׯĴֻ̼֣˰µˣһͳŵĹŮѾģʵټ
һվ㱨Ĺע⡣
˼ļҵĹŮӭ¡Ǯׯ֪кҪ£
⿴ЦݿĹ£֣İصԿףΪȡЩ
ǹһذָڲصĻͭԿףͫ׾΢΢һ¡
⿴ϸ΢飬еѩԼֱϵֽ˽
ٿʱñȷŸ˼ֹ
˸ƣ˵

ҳٵˡ
ȥдڶ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹˮನ޴ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
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 53 
ͬѩһ
˸ǰĹ, ֵĴ, һİĳȡ
߽Ժ󣬾ǽŵȥ
ͷʰ, ͷȴڳҹ
ûйâսȫǿĻѷ⡣
ⷢ, ¡ǮׯɽֹɽƣǰɽҲڿˡ
ӳһ, Ǿпյɽ
ѩڱߣ濴ȥ
ֻ֮ǺڶԨ·ʲôڵǱ, ʱҪ˶ɡ
ѩͷһĬŰӷ, ջĿ⡣
Ǯׯ, ˵ǽ, ϾҪˡ
ֻת, ̧ͷɽ˿ȥ, ֻʮľ¡
ЩͣڵصףЩУƽ̨ǰס
һ򿪣˳쵽еƽ̨򶴿ߡ
һƽ̨, ǰŵҲһľᡣ
̧, ʾǽȥ, Լȴ档
⿴˿ڲǰĹ£²ȥ𣿡
¹ص¾͵˽Ӵ͡
Ҳ˲ٿأűԶϡ
ѩվУеֻڶ˴
ڵľС
ѩЩţǲȥɣ
û£㡣⸲ֵ֣Ƭ̣ееĶͣˡ
ǰ´򿪣ľ·ɽײ㣬˴ֶڵȺ
Ŷѩ˳
Ҳǹģ˶Ա⹧صӭͣ
һ·ȻǵŻѵĳȸ̨ס
ɽǰ֪˶ãͣ¡
ǰһ·ȫǺڵģشз硣
Ժڰһâǵâ￿ԽԽ
һĻʵˡ
ѩȻ£ȴ֧Űѱ⵲Լ
ڣǵ⿿ΧĹ
Ǹ׷ԲԵͣŸ̨
͡ǴĹ˵ͽȥ
תֳ̨ԭ·ߡ
ѩڰͨȰͭԿŵıˡ
ľ⣬ֻҪǺ¾Ҹȥͺˡ
ѩҡͷôñһȥ
ǰ
еֻ̨һСطҪǸˣͻڰ
ͨĵûбƽģȥӿݡ
ã·ͲһȺǰͣ¡
̨һƽ̨ϣתűһֻݵ֡
ѩСʵҪʲô
һóԼǰѻͭԿףС
ֳĬתͷȥóһѺԿףϵ
ԿһתĻͷ
һſˣ¶˵ڶš
ͭԿײף˵ڶš
ɽײĿⷿڱǰˡ
·û
һ򿪣Ϳŵ˳ҳζ
ѩʶ̧ס졣
ֵǣͷȴ䣬Щȡ
̧̨֣߽ȥĻѡ
һ˿ⷿһУѩһֻⷿѵø߸ߵĶСɽһĽӡ
ͽȥ𣬼û½ţǲڽϡ
ҲǴסˣ߹ȥȹڷṴӵıʯ
Ьһߣߵ۴顣
˻⡣
ãŶѩ˽
ƽǽ·
ⷿξǻƽûС
ЩҪôóȥͲóȥ
ⷿһգ¡ǮׯҪһ룿
ѩ֣
ڱתͷʱ򣬶ѩص˵ЩǸġ
һ£ûбǮˡ
ʲô
¡Ǯׯ㣬ڷ˱ŷ̧ͷ
Լ£ʵǰѻͭԿˣ
ǡ´ĿѾ˴ȥײ㡣
վԭصƬ̣ûŷ̧ͷˡ
̽ŵˣǲǸá
ŷ˱ȻԿ˵ҵĴˡ
վ𵱳Լ¡Ǯׯ˵˻ϣѱļҲƶ
ϴʱ㿪ʼã֮⡣
˵ûдˣôԺЩ¡ǮׯǮŷá
ڣȻĻͭԿǰⷿȡ
ŷ¡Ǯׯ֮һǻ֧ŽģĴ˼ȻˣΪǮׯĶңҲӦȥһ
ӦǣŷӰԼǰʵʲôˣ
æǸŮŸѾߣŽȴ֪һҵĹŮ
ŮŷǰһͣŲͷ
¶˳˼ı飬Ȼת˹ȥ뿪ӡ
ɽ֮У˽һľᣬֱֱ׶ȥ
ֱ棬ľͣŴ򿪣ŷӰ
һ̤ƽ̨ӱѩĹ±ǰ
㵽ײԶ֮侹Ĵʽ
ŷһ±֪ܳӭӡ
һߣһʵ˻棿
ǡĹ˵սȥãû
áŷһ̧֣ǽȡһֻȼյĻѡ
ɽػزãһ˾Ҫת˴·
ԼȴҪô鷳
ߵڲƽͨŷŻѣһ˽ȥ
ߵɽǰűߵ͡
ͼŷֻһȴ޷ڿⷿˡ
ⷿѾȼ˻ѣŷվ⣬ߵĽ鱦еŮ
һѾߣվһԡ
һνڵϼһűʯŻ⿴š
㿴ڵϵŮűʯ¶ǳǳУǰ˵ǲǺѩ۾
ŷףվű߿ڵ㣿
⧲һЩϤάžʯĶתͷ
ֻŷվſڣϴһ˫ˮӳӰӡ
æվ
ŷϵһľš
ĿƵ˶ѩϡ
һʱǸСѾߡ
һȴѾ߳ˣȤ
˵ݵһ棬һǼ٣
վֱ壬ųһ񣺡ŷˡ
ŷٴεתĿ⣬
ʱԽ̵ŸǣҲѧúܿ졣
ѩͻȻˡŷˡʱʶ¡Ǯׯˣ̫ξҲæ񣺡ŷˡ
ŷջĿ⣬ѩ
ɽŮǸƻģŷû
΢΢һЦ˶ѩСǣ
ܳһѩҲŷĶ塣
һʣػششˣҼС̩
̩ŷķš
ԭϻȥŮ鷿ԼŵǸ
ŵ٩˵ϴμ㻹ǸСѾߣμǿˡ´μ㣬ֻʲô

лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 54 
Ӽŷһ濪ʼ
ɱ, µĲֶ, ̬ȡ
ɱЩˣ˵Էˮһ, ƽ
ڣ±ѾĿ, ҲȻŷ
Ϊסˣȴ
ŷ·ûвĽţĶŵصﲻ̸µĵط, 絽һ𡣡
á⽩ӲصͷŶѩߡ
ŷֽס˱⣬ȴҪֶ𣿡
һ, һͻ˸ոǿűʯ, Ȼ˵ɡ
ʯڽӶ, Ϊѩ۾, Աȥˡ
ŷʾͽӿߵıʯ¡
;ǲҪֽ, ֱӼ
ͶѩŴ
ղſŵʱһ, ¹š
ԿջУͭԿ׸˱⡣
ӣⲻҽͭԿСɰˡ
һʱҲ֪÷ֻýϵӼԿ׹ȥ
үү, ȥ, Ȼŵš
ˡ׻, ŷ˵롣
ŷŻǰ棬˵ġ
ȻǴײ뿪ֳľᡣ
Ǻͬһռ͸еѹȡ
ѩ亹ʪ¡
ľͣ£ŷȳȥ˼
㡣
ŷű鷿ǰͲ裬˳ȥ
ѩվڱߣĿӿԼһۣɵô˸
ŷԱⲻ
֪
ѩòӲͷƤ¡
ŷ֪ʲô
ջĿ⣬Ա˵ոȥģǻϵı⣬ֻһ䡣
ʶصֻһ䣿
˵үүǻжٸı⣬滹жı
ŷԿ׿Կµ⡣
˵ŷ˷˱۽޶Ա˵֪жǮ
ڸղŵУʵ٣
ŷ̧ۣۺϳɻƽһһǧոտһ־Ͳֹˡ
ѩס죬Լʧ
ȫû뵽סԺصôǮһ־ͰЩ˱⡣
Ϊ𾪶ľŷ˵ҽ¡Ǯׯʱ㹻˵ϰǮĻôһǮҲûطš
˵ţԱùһƽɵ̣һ
Ŀϣֻûƽݳޡ
ٸǱĶȽϣȫС׼ס
ŷ޳ָϲţĿԱ˵¡ǮׯĴתɻϱĶ֧ŵģκԿ׹Դ¡ǮׯЩǮȫߡ
һ£Ҫȫߣۺϳ¡ǮׯƱҲҪװ䡣
ŷ˵Ҳô
ԭҲûô
ô˵̲סʵΪʲô
ŷһе̣Щ鲦ԭλҪǿѵµǮߣ¡Ǯׯͻ޷תҲܵӰ졣һ򲽽㿤ҪôһǮȥЩʲôҲҪǰ֪ͨǮׯ׼ҽ㻹һЩƱ
ĺĻ
Ȼŷ̧˵¡ǮׯĴ󶫼ңϾ͵ͬڶңõԿףҲǼ̳һСЩƸﲻÿ¡Ǯׯİķֺ졣
İⱻĿ
ŷȴЦһ·Ц֪İƽ𡣡
ﳹ
Ҳ˵õ˻ͭԿס
㲻ȥĲƸÿҲյİƽķֺ졣
ĲƸĻرֻŷ¡ǮׯŸó
ѹүүǮ
̲ס룬үүôǮΪʲôȴһסɽµĺɽϣչأ
ŷ·𿴴˼ڵһǺ棬ΪʲôôǮչˣҪȥɽºɽסԭҲ˵ȥźֻҪұ˳
̲סü˼Ȼ֪岻ã˵Ҫˣûаȥţ
ŷʲôûУĳһܶ
ôҪӰ϶Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ôͲɸɽţ
ĻүүԺмεͲ˷֣Ҫȵſˡ
ŷĻʲôЦ顣
˵֪йԼ˳ԿЩ¡ǮׯĲƸҴáȻΪλҪ˶
ŷĻֻôĺݹ޳
һ뵽ԼԿףܸоĿԼҲɽµԺЩȴ˿һܹסԼĺ
ǿԼע¶ӣڵүүˣүүԼҲҪˡ
Ǳáŷƺ²⣬ԿҪЩǮȫȡߣȥ
סһԼ˵ֻʱȲȡ
áŷͷʣպֺ죬͵ȥ
ֲ·ҪЮԼһƬ䡣
ֻӲͷƤӣһȡ
ѩԣѾȫסˡ
˵꣬ԼٳŲȥǰվˣһ£ˡ
˵ţתѩҪⷿ뿪
ŷ󣬴һĨ˰΢Ц
Ķŵ𣺡ˣһͿ
¡Ǯׯѩȶˣһط˶
ŸС˵߿㡣
ȻŶԶѩ˵㣬û°ɣ
û¡ѩµصŷ̫ξ˺¡
ôÿһϲŭ޳
ѩ̲סʵʶģ
ûнɽǳɱֻ˵żȻġ
ѩԸ˵ԭΪõǱĶǼ£һ滹ôһֻصĶʱͲԨһˡ
ȥī󣬱Ҳû䣬ֻҪСȥ˵Ҫȡ϶ֽ
īĻһͷװһֽűߡ
ӣôһֽ㶡
븶ǮīĻȴ˵ЩǮѾ˵ġ
үүҪԼȥ¡Ǯׯһˣ
عζǽľһ
ͷǰ棬īں棬һǰһųĻͬʻȥ
ȵԺ⣬ͶѩīĻƸСǱŵֽŶ˳ᵽԺ
վ±ָӵȥϾС
⿴æµȵϵֽˣͬһ
ϼֽţվ
ѩ֪϶Ҫղŵͬ˵
Ǿͺɩһȥ˳緹
һת˱һصӣ֪϶¹¡Ǯׯײˡ
ŹϣѻͭԿ״Ͻ˵Կ׻үү
ͳȥĶҪ֮ƿ֣οҵŮҲҵĴˣչңԺұòЩ֮ˡ
˵꣬ȴǲӣüִų⡣
룬СѾͷӦҲûôСЩҲڰ
еӲǣ⿴ŵʲôˡ
һǮׯ˭б˵ŷ¡Ǯׯ
š˵ͷүү
֪үүʵȫȱǮԼǰЩпСһЦȴѿֻҪүүԸܹñĺãǺ¡
ֻһ뵽ѻͭԿףҪԼ֮ŷн;ԿɽЩƸҲˡ
źӣҲŷ˵һﻰЩǮֻʵʵķֺͺã
ŻֱֳǵĶԻֻүү
Ƭ̻ûס˵˵үү㡪˸ãЩǮͶ
ûôԼģŷǲԸλԸóİƽֺ죿
תԱЦһ˵үүһΪʢۣΪۣ̰֮ͼҵǮƣҲŵ϶ӣȻһҸŷ򽻵ΪıᶼλεдϣһøֶԼҰġ
ǡվҲףıôʲôȨƣǵ̫ξȨ㳯Ұһ֮£֮ϡǮƣƿ¡Ǯׯֿųֶķۺ¾֣Ҫȡһʣ̰ī࣬˽Ǳȹ⻹Ҫӯ˶ΣȡᣬôҪ
ʵ޷죬š
ҪܳƿУ˭Ҳκ
һ֣룿
һ㶣˵һչָ˿εЩԹֱɣдҪ⵹ȴʼղɣ̫ξλȵѵ𣿡
ȷʵɻ
ɵʣʲô
ϿڣΪ˻󣺡˶֪ŷǴӼζ֮֮ʼõģȴû֪ǹ¶ǼԺͷӡǸطˣҳڴܳҳң˭ϣǾЧ˭ЩԺ˸ɮôŷࣿ˶ΪɵйӸĽĸУ˭֪ת־ͰЩȥط
⣬һҪսлָԪǺѵģҪЩ˹Աͳǻ̰ܵīӣǴû
ǣһȨƸ󡢸̰ļ鳼
ǿ̰ǴͷҪС
ǮŷУת־ɼԺֱͶطؽսһٻĳǳءͨ˺ӡǨǮ
飬˵¶ֻһտֺ֡ԪҪ棬֧ŵôĿ֧Ǵвȥġ
Ӫ¡Ǯׯֶķ׬ӣҲ඼˸أû֪
үүĻԺиֳŷЦЦ
ϿɫЦһˮ֣סլ٣ʧ˶ˣʬûеõܺõĴټȣߡкܶ˶òЯҴڱ磬ЩܿһҪִﾩˡ
ܳƽã˻ҪǮĵطȻֶˡ
ϰЩǮƵһֻŷҪǮôҲ¡ǮׯײĲƸ
Ǳȴƫƫð˳
˻ϵĻͭԿףЩǮ
ŷȻҪñİЩǮˣ޵ûת
ӣܽҪᣬŷҲֹĿĻ⡣
⣬һȺƼݡڵڳžķߡ
һСŮǣŸ׵֣һľͷĹȣϵЬѾĥȫˡ
ɿʵ촽ŻľʵҪòܵǣ
ǣļֲ́˲ϵĺ
ףһ·߹˵ǺӣǳҲܲס
۾˵ǰˡ
СŮʣȥǣǾз𣿡
ġĵͷЦЦֲ̧ŮϵһСգеġ
СŮΪ仰ּһǳһŵյĲǰߡ
ҽڻ԰ͤгҲûм
ۿɫ磬˱ͤ˵ǻعùǶȥɡ
ƿµɴͤ˳ովĻѾһˡ
ҽЯֳԺȥǻصԺǵĸĻҲ˵ˡ
Ͽ˿棬ȻŮǱأûһ𣿡
ܽףڱõԺһ磬Ҳû
һ㶣
ҲЩ⣬漴¶ոı飬תͷ˵㿴ңæͷˡձ˵Ҫţոͬ˵Żһʱ侹ˡ
϶Ů˵ǹĸ˵Ļˣ°ɡ
ҽЩ˵Ӧһǡˡ
Ѿ˶˰÷̶ɳΪλСˮӣǿԲһ
ֶŮЦҪ⵹ҲһʱЩʱҪͻ磬ʱǱõǸջ⾩йŮ֮ҲϵʲôˡҪָźôš
ǣĸ
Ҫͬ˵ʲôĶ
̧ͷ͸ᱡ⿴ȥֻһϤӰԺ˽
վűߣתͷ˵С㡣
һΣҽñһתͷſڡ
ǰڸУȥǸһȺˣȴֻһˣϴ·Ҳޡ
ϿҲ
˶֪ʱҪʲô
Ժȴûǰǰֱӽˡ
ͷгƵĸס
Ϊ˲׷ϵŵȻŮݡ
һĸסҲǲصġ
תŹŮǸʤ϶
ڵɡ
ǡ
˽
ŮԵϸҽã԰׵ֻ͹˳
ĸλá
϶˵ͷҽҲ鲻Ըһ
ûпǵĲԸ
˵պãΪβԺˣ
ĸ׵ĻεѾˡ̧һ˫۾ſƵĽֻŽˮ֣ʧòžҲеʱ򣬱Ϊֳò׻صĸߣҲΪĸ׺һЩ¡
һʵΣ
˵ЩеĻڳʩ࣬ҲΪĸ׺ҡ

Һó
Ϣյˣ죬ʮ£
ٵһͷҼһǴҡ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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 55 
ʲô
Ǹͣ, ָǳϡ
, ϶Ϊ⡣
ֻҪ֪ˣ֪˿ζԼúεȵı֮
ȴûлر, Ҫ
Щռ˱λãռŮĳ谮, ǮӦҲˡ
ǰֻܣĻȥעˮ֣
̾Ϣ⺢˺ܾ, 취
ܰģֲеЩ飬ȫ
ο˵ı, ۽ޣȥеĹâ
֪ԼѶ, ᱻϳȥԺ, Ϳʼıˡ
ڵ, ܶ鶼
, Ѱһ
ԼεĴаѳ
ҪԼƿԼ, ĸӹ
ػһû׹֣ȴǰһļ䡣
ı
ûͳı
֮κ¶˳, ҲܡҲZע⡣
ıĵһ, ⳡŰϵĺˮ
뵽ȥ, 
ЩŮ强١
´ǰǮִţʣȻܶࡣ
ЩǮʩܹ࣬Ķ㹻ˡ
ǰţҪ㹻Т˳ĻҪ븮
ڿТ˳Ҳ˼
ԿڵǺ£ֻ֪ˮģ
Ůڹ֮УͷȻ֪Ϥ١
֮£Ůʲô֪
ؾĸ˵ˮ£¿Ѿ˵ġ
ԺҲ漮ϵСѾߣˮ֮£޵úġ
αԼ֪ϡ
˶٣ֵһԭ򡣡
ʣʲôԭ򣿡
ڿΣΪǳ֮ŮּˣֻⲻԼһֽĺӡ²ĹѪҲķ緶
δ۾ջصĸߣĸǺܿҪзŮǡЩʲôģĸ׺;ĸǿ϶Է˵˵ǰ
⻰ȫ˵Ŀ
⵱ʱҲô˵ġ
Ըͻ磬ҲҪЩ䳰ȷ
̲סʹǸΣԭ΢ػ˻Σ˵ȥЩôĿ࣬ǰȴһ֪ռĶǱģԳΪĸ֮⣬ʩֵ¶˵˵õ⡣
ҽÿΣǰվŵˣȫʶ
ǰΣ룿
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̧Ŀᶨ
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ԭԼԺţε׼֮˵ĸĸ̸飬Ȼȥˡ
˵곯һ񣬾ٴ˳ȥ
һ뿪ԺӣȥҽȻûзӦ
Ͽǰˣһ䣬ͷۡһĺúӣΪóķ
ԼݵΣĶ飬ҪǻΪ
ʩ֮٣Ǳص⾩еĹŮȦȻͲͬ
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ǰˣ˵ϵĲ˲ǹˣôҪ
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ſӣһȥͼԼ˸ϣ˵үүֵĲˡ
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Դ׹ռ䣬Ҳǵһνʱһ֮õȲϸүүõĶࡣ
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ӽĵһѾ˳⡣
ٵʱ򻹺, ǲǣֻš
ǵȵڶ֮ۼ˾ͻԽԽ࣬ͻ⡣
Ϊ, ڳϳԪѾǳһ顣
ŷ̫ξո没ûϳǾͳøûй˼ɡ
Ԫ۵ͷˣ˳֮˭Ҳֻ鷿
鷿, һһ
ֱʱûԳˣԪ۲˵Լǡ
顣Ԫ̾Ϣһ, ǹȻλʱôĻ, Ҳûʲôϵ
ǵģǮʹĥ, ûǮǻʵҲ粽С
ֻ˵ݳ취
ǻ˱, ϶ҪԳԪ˵ŷ˴˽Щӳ
ϾԪǾ, ŷǳ
ŷλ˳, ޱȣһжǵġ
, ΪǣͲ˵Ļ
ܳԪȻĽ, ǿſ׵ľ, ҲеǱһЩ
ŵһӵ˼, ص˸С
һ̤ͿѸмλ¶ˣԸʲôŮС
Ի֮ڸҲԼԺӣͬĸһõġ
ǳϧĸһʱ䣬ÿնҪСһˡ
˵ôڸĸߣȴû̷Ҫ
ʵϣȴΪǿ塣
ԭŮţɱ㴿ТҲȥˡ
ԺʱպͬǴԵذź˲¡
ɣһɫ˵ȥɡ
ǡ
ͬүһһԺ뿪
ֶ˱һ׼õ裬͵ǰ
豭һеظƽеĽꡣ
ɵÿ˿ӣȻŷһԡ
еصүΪ磿
̾һ˵ˮЩѾѵ˾ǣǲúðã»鷳
յˮֵˡ
һʩ֣ڶǴԨ˵ۡ
мӿԼŵʳǡ
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ЩǴܳǧѵָܸһ·
ǲܰϳȥҪã̸ף
ֽգϣôˣסȾǴ⡣
ûͷ۵صµ˼ڳʱǴﻧʱסš
ȽϵˮκãǨȥǨȥ˶ϡٵĵط
˵ﻧ⵹СˣӪıɣҲȡ
ôˣô죬ҪǳԱ⡣
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ڶһ, ڳл򿪡
, ۼڳ۾
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϶أӡڵ, µӡ۶Ҫ
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ǲ̫ڿţҲ̫Զ
ÿԿΡǽ, ֲڷ, ڱϡ
ֻҪȥˮԴĵط, ҪߺԶɾˮȶ, Ҳ
촽, һҵĳ, ôǣֲ֪Ҫȥʲô
֧Ӵӳų, ת۾ǽԡ
Ƕֱ壬ŴЩˣҪʲô
ͿЩڿյϷɿش˼, Ȼ˻, ϼ˾޴Ĺ
֮, ǸƾЬӵСŮСǡǵ˵ʳ
ĵҲ̲סۿǡ
Ů˵˾Ǿͻжԡ
Ժȴûа취ΪҳԵģŶӹһϡ
տе˳ʩ࣬⺺ᶼҪˡ
Ůǹȥ
ΧҲһǱиʩĶӵǸۼȥȥֲԼ
ǹˡе¿Щֻڳ۾֣ЩС˵ǿˣźöӡ
ాûҪһʱ䣬ЩźöӣʱͲҡ
ǣ¡
ЩάС˼һ񻹲࣬ҴҲӵģҲ¡
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ǣ
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ǿˡ
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̩С֣ҲؿǵС
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СŮҲЩÿĽ㣬ǰλ˵ĿС
⡢κҵλСˣ̴˳
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ƾ٣ҲֶŮһˡ
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Zӵִ
ϱûеõ, ҲⱲɡ
, ٸһλᣬΪټZ
Zϴɫ, Եø⿡ݡ
פػʳǵĻӪͳ졣
ΪǴʱﻧ飬Ԫ۱㽻Լĵӡ
µĿ, Ȼͣ
Z, ʿ̧֡
Щʿ̴ӳϰľģʼյϣɵشﻧ
ۼĳǽ˰ٵĵط, Ƹ, ܿտ
Ӫﻧǹƺõġ
ֻΧ, Ȱ񰲶֮ơ
ЩոճԹЩڿյæµʿ
ʶĹΪʩ, ǳ͢ľΪǽܹסĵط, һ·˶ʱ̲סۿ
̫ˣ̫, еطסˣ
ֻҪܹƬͷ, ܹ֮Լ˫￪ѡ
ǿҰһµĵط
ЩʿĶܿ죬ҲǳĬ
Щ񶼶һ, 档
Z, ѾûŶӵ
ս˸ʵ, û뵽֮˴ʩࡣ
һ֮
ZĿɨε
Ϊˣߵ۷塣
Լϲǰ񵱳ǸŮһ
ȫƲסԼҲزסϲ
һˮ֣Щʱûеʩࡣ
ҲͲ֪ЩﻧZ
ڻУԼյװ硣
յĻѡǼؾѡ
ϵҲֻ࣬ͨľװΡ
װӦZϲġ
ϱ˼主󻨡
ܳ˽԰ĵҲԴ档
ƫƫZȴõȪ֮ɵģ
λĻӣĭZ˵ϲֻС
ǹŮһʼˣȢӣòֻ
ЩС
ϲԼӡ
ػһҪõZע⣬ԲԼִԸϲӡ
룬ԼģȻ⵽ġ
ȻZʱĿͣƬ̡
߾һֻͣεͷĺ
֪ԼӣܲӳС
ZԣлԨҲԼ
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ZĿλãŮף˵Ρ
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ƿĿ⿴Աߣǰææµµ
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ԶԶؿµһҪˣӣͬһµһࡣ
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ҪԼҪȵˣûվȽŸûԼˣζҪ֪֮便ʲôʱй
ͷƫƣʱ򣬴ӽһ·ҲѾִ
˰ʩĶһֱûͣ£ǵһִн׻ˮ˼ָ࣬Щ񣬶ЩھĽʿ߾͹˲ˡ
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ﻧʱһֻһ
һϢʳһȵϢ˺Ժְ滻
ԭտĳǽ֮غܿ㽨˿ﻧ
ܹôľͷģڱεøɲεˡ
øɲ̷ⲻҪ̫ĻЩһڿǰѿܴԺҲȥ̽ЩʿԼܲܰæ
ϾΪǴģԼһ죬Ⱦܹ졣
Zͷ׳궼뵽⹤У»Ӻꡣ
ֻҪЩǾͿԲڿտĵطϢˡ
ﻧñҪҪŽ
Щ󣬲֪ΪβøһЩ
ˮϡȴһȥԺõ˽͡
Щ·ʵ̫ˡ
Щ඼ʵˣȹһʱֻǲá
ǶδʳϡɵˮѾο峿ŹӦ٣ܸṩ㹻ıˡ
Ⱥʳöˣٰˮ׵Ǿϲ
һʼõö࣬ȴ޷Ļһʼϰ˵Թ
ģҪʩ⣬ҲȫԿǡ
սбͰһҲҨ˳
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⽫һǰⱧźӵĸˣ˶ǧл
⿴ι˻бŵĺӡ
ȵ̻ʵسС֮ʣµһںȸˣ黹롣
⽫ӷŻ˿տյͰǰ⾭һѾͬĳǽյأһ
˶Ǵæµ뿪ҽã˶Ǽֵ
ǻҪʩ࣬ﲢֻùͰЩ붼ȥʱһ
յûеطƥǽףԶԲݡ
һ죬ҲûмԼҪȵˡ
¶ԷӦò⼸һģܻҪܼ
վһ죬ҲûôϢ
ΪZڣȻҪãܸõһ档
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˵Ů죬ûлȥȻʱ
ѾϣŮʱ԰ĵؽ֡
δϺһ׼õˮϴ֣Щڱ׻سϡ
ڳֲĵطȻͷȥЩֲ
οһƥûڿʳڹľԱߵһֲ
ǡüϳڿʳжԵľ
ֲϲⱳĵطȻ˺һƬ
ڲͣ˺ҶƬȻ׽ţһľѾеͺˡ
ԭҪڽйȴǹСס˱
վԭأط̧һ֣ƥ˳
ⲻĿ꣬ҪԱ֡
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Ȼصϣӿδϻһ˿΢Ц·ӡ
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ǲˣҲԹ

죨6.19˵ҪӵǸ
ҽɥ᲻𾢣̫ˣ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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ѩű, ԼҲ
һãӾͿʼƵ̡
ʩĹ˴뿪ЩҲ¹
ڳҲǸл
ѩƿ, ˿ľ̾Ϣ
֣ջĿ⣬Ϳְ̧
⿴ȥƣ, Ҳѹ֡
ȶѩĻҪࡣ
ۻˡѩ˵ϻȥѾ߸úð
šͷ, ȥҲǺúϢ, ǻҪ
ǡѩ΢ЦȻ֪ⲻֻôһ졣
͢ڴﻧ, ⼸վۼȻԽԽࡣ
ZĻھ, Ҳûа취һӾ͹˼õô࣬Ҫ֧Ԯš
Ǿ˼, һʩ, ôǾɶˡ
˳ţЩǰ, ǵں档
ʱ䣬лѾ, Щ̯Ҳ̯
нٶȾͱʱҪ΢һЩ
Լ, ҡΡ
ǰͷ
ƥһ, ̾
̫ɽ֮󣬿еҲûɢȥ
ӴڴοõԱߵĻھ
֪Z
ZҲһա
ĻھһСڳţ󲿷˸Zһȥ
ĳǰǾ׺ں档
лԨϣZУ˵۰ö
˳ǣϼͨһӳڻھϡ
ӦǷǳ׳ӢգлԨ仰ˡ
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лԨıԹһ£㿪ڵʲôûʲô
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Ž⣬ӦûкóԵġ
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Zû˵
лԨȥһZȴͷβûйȥ
Ԫۼλ˻ӡ
λ磬ݹأɸʿһʱ绹ͬǰһûб䡣
ΪZھܹͬʹ࣬ӲԼӣھв
֮ǰŷ˳һֻУͼҴܳZҪȥԼһﻧֻ֣ܶܵԼľʿע⵽Ǳߣζ˺ܶ¡
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Zţίίĺ˵öȲϡ
лԨ죬û÷
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ڳȥסԼƫƫûпץĵط
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ԭˮĺӵе˳ȥ
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Zһȣ˳ȥ
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ⵥֱŻˣŶ̧֡
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ʱĸָлԨҲѾ׷͸ԡ
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ѩȻ룬漴еԼĻεץס
ZһͰѶѩӳ˳
лԨ˸ˣʱZӹ
Zûп
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ѩеԼһɴ˳ȥڰɫɷ׵ط˾УǺܿͷԼһС
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ˤڵϣͼ֧Լ
Zһ
Ȼ󣬲ͣٵسųڻһƣ
ѩ԰ϣͿ͵鿪ľмɽ
ղŰԼ˳ԼȴıĻӱŴ˳
ݺݵײǽ֮ʣȵ˵ϡ

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е˶̲ס
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ŵҲɢ˼ܡ
ZŻˣƬ
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һ춼ûз⣬سǵʱȴˡ
룬Щĵ˻, ʲôʱ׳֣
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⣡лԨҲӵ, 
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ʶһ㣬æɿ֡
Z˿, Ϳϵ۱Լץöˡ
Լ, ￴ԼӰӡ
һΣǵڶ, ־
лɶѩлԨܵǰ
û˵, ѩ¶һ顣
ȷϱûˣѩŰ, ȻҲ̲ס, һѱס˱⡣
ӿ˳, صؿʵոô˳ȥ
ҪǱϣи̡
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ոձǿǵľȻZġ
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ΣֻԼ˳ȥܶѩҲܹ
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ZҪǾԮһ˲ܶ㵽׹Ŀռȥ
лԨԣҲǱŵ඼ҪӺ
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ֻܽĿת˺ѣһѱסֵܣллء
ǴǽѾZĸʬ
Ǽϵڣ˶˹
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ε̧ͷͼһ˫ˮͫԼ
ǼΪţոյŵɫ԰ףû°ɡûţ
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Zһۣ˵ͷȻʣЩ·ԸǶǣ߻ȥھԱ߻͡
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ڳԪ۵ǻǰʱ, ʺҲϵҪá
ʺ̾һ˵ӣҲһΪˮֵǮ, ˵ʵǶԲǡ
Ǻ, һǻϣȴá
οΪܳЩ±á
οӻԼ, û˱ô
, Ϊʲô, ⶼ֪أҸүûǡ
ʺ˵ͷ, ˱һҿ⵹һֱߡж, Ҳ󷽡
пǰ⺢ӳ˲ٿ, Ǻܴѧʲô, һ̾ͻᡣԻص߲Ŷ̶ʱգ̥ǣǰȫһˡ
ʺȻʵɶ˼ûУ
ҡҡͷС, Ŷꡣ
è̫ӵûʱ, ŵĻεʱ, ûôŮ
ʺдЦ⣬㿴ҼҭZô
ԭȥ˲裬⻰ϵĶһ٣ʺ
˵ֻǼװһ£ôȥˣ
ʺɫصĴ𰸣ȥȷʵ˵ġ
ҲĻZǳã˵ǹںˡ
ҪûһֱĻҲǸ߼ˡ
˵ԼŮЩֻǸΣûȴһ뷨
ʺԲ⣬Ļοأ
СܵôίԺ޵ٻֻϣ˳⡣
Ժ󣬱Ѳ豭
һڲ裬ŶԻʺ˵Ҫǿ⣬Сȿ˵ɡ
ʺһǲ̴ӦҲûϻؾ
ʺ룬ǭZǺã۱Ů޷ܾ̾
΢΢һЦҲ豭һڲ裬˸⡣
ʵŮТڸ˰ɣ
ԣˡ
˵Ҳһ׮£Цݸʢˡ
Ӹҹ綨ףҹΪТųꡣ
ڸóɻˡ
һڼ滹ܵأɡ
ʺЦŴʦ˵еҲкת
Ҳˣϲʤǵģ˵ܴˡ
ʺ²豭ֱ˵㿴¶յһˣǱ㶼ȥˣֵֻŶĸɡ
ɽԣͬ幫幫ȴܻȻط
·û˶
幫ŮԱлū澣ΪΧ
ȥɡ
幫һ˲˲ؿű⣺㡭Ǹ·̩
˵۾Źâ
֪⣬ԭΪЩôãӦͬԼġ
ڿ⣬ȴ
ȷʵǿͬ뷨ӰΧ
⹬ҪúãӦпɽ
Я幫֣еصҷŽ˻ʺΪΧһȥʺ밲ɡ
һȲ»Ҳ幫ڻʺǰ¶¶
ѩ翴Ѿǵһ۸幫ˣΪΧһΣȴܴδζ֡
幫Ҳһ㣬ͷţҸȥ
Ůһ幫Ȼ˷žܵ¡
Ա˵ԼĽ׷̩ʩֵ¶͡
֮䣬ٲȻѱ⵱Լż
ԣ֣ǴƣҪ취ΪԼȡġ
幫һ㶣֪ԼȷʵΪ˾ˡ
¿ҪԼ˵һЩ취
ӿ˱⣬СҸô
˵Ҫףڹп˭ĸţ׽ѾޣľǻϺͻʺˡ
û˵ڹΪѩ幫Ѷ
ڹֶŮһ۸ͻᱻ¡
ᷢչ
幫صԼóʲôóŮ죬ͶΪϺͻʺЩóգͶЩʳʱȥó黭д໭ЩᣬǱЩӣΪĸд𾭡
ûϻʺʱʱ̱̿ŻôһŮȻͻӿӴ
幫ͷŮǲģҲǿԵġ
ֻЩ£û˸˵
⿴ϵ仯֪ʲô
ߵѾģСҲ顣
곤ĹˣĶϣҲѡ
幫ųԼ̩˵⻰ȴȫ˽ȥ
֪ˡԱ˵ͷʣѡΪĸʳֽأ
˵ű⣬ԼֽΡ
һ룬ʺϥ¾ֻĻӳ빬УZ
ڵΪϻʺʲôĸ磬ҲΪ׼һݰɡ
幫ؼˣ˵ã
ˣԺӦڹͲôѰҲһ
幫ǰ˵ЩԹ̽ʵڹУ𣿡
ġ幫ߣ򴽡
ȥģǲãҪôѾ޳˹Ҫôǵó裬ھһһСһһ쳱Լȥ
˵ǹĻٰͻ磬빫ҵϱ
ģ幫ϲ⣬漴ԥȥ˻᲻㶪ˣ
ô᣿ⰲοҸձĸϻǰѾߵģҪҲǡ
Ҳᣡ幫Ļæץűּص
ãô࣬Ѿ϶Լеһˡ
һʱ򣬻ʺĽ̸Ѿһ䡣
ʺһ˳ȥʱȴͬ幫һ𣬵Ҳ֡
˹Ժ幫ڳ趨ʡ֮ʱ֡չӦ˹밲ˡ
ĸ󡣡
˱Ļ幫֪ԼҪԻʺ׽ͱ˸Ļ
ʺŮ˼֣ҲԳŮĿɰһš
幫ϲ⣬л˻ʺĶ۾ؿ⡣
¶һ΢ЦǳǳӡڹС
Ƶʱ֣Ԫ۲˻ʺС
ǱһμλֻZü֮ĸмƣ幫ҲʼҵѪ˵ǼԵˡ
ʺĸһ幫Ҳԡ
Ԫ۷˻ʺ˵ɡ
ڻʺǱǮĿ
ԼǰԾҫⳤÿɰ˼֮ϲ
ȻǾֹȣҲȫ
ԪۿſţɵþͶ˼
ǼĶδأҪǱܼһǾ͡
Ԫţ̲ס˻ʺ
ۺһģʵʲôʺȻҲ֪ģԳԪ΢ɲҡҡͷ
ʺһҡͷԪ۱֪ѾˣȻûдӦ
ǿȥӦҲûȫӦ
֮ǻлᡣ
һ룬Ԫ͸ˣѵԼǰֵŮҲػ
幫δõʵע⣬Щܳ
˳ȥμͻʱԪҲˬشӦˡ
ʺ˴ţ幫ͱⱻ׼ͬš
еʳȻǾϸǳԪ۵Ķ໰˾ȡ
ڽּʱ򣬱Ѿ˳Ԫ۵ĸͣڽˣŸе鵽˵ҡ
Ԫ۶Ա޲ڣţЩˡ
ȴӦ֪Լİֺ£ŷд˳Ԫ۵ĶЩ޲ǳʩģԼĸ׽ҲΪ˹
飬ԼڳԪǰʧõ飬Ǵܳ콵С
Ƹۻ£Ҳܰһ϶壬Ҫ֡
ϧԪ۲ŷͱ࣬ȻҪһһʥּڳвĿʮ²ͣ
ùţԪ۲ֹͣﰵĿޣ鷿¡
һǮúⶼǲǸپֺˡ
Ҳűǣ뿪ʱ˳Ԫ͸леһ̨
װ̨ϡ
ĸ˵ϴǰƫ磬ʲôõҲϲһݡ
ҪСӲУ볯Ϊ٣ҲӦǴܳĹ֮ˡ
⽫зϥϣ˵кתˣŴʦ˵Ȭײõġһܹ͸һЧ͢ҵΪǡ
һ֣߻˵Ȼȥˣ԰̨͵Ժȥ
ȻӦ¡
صһһ±ǰ̨Ժȥ
леԺȻ徲һߣҹֱź
ʱ䣬Ӧ鷿￴飬ԼԼˡ
ţȥ鷿硱Žȥ
һͿƻ֮£лйο
ڷļѣȴһһƾԼߡ

ҽȥҩϣЧ˯Ⱦ
-
Ƽѵԣͬ塷byŵ
İ
ֻǸʱ
Ѫ
ѳ
ôѪ
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ԹΰʹǴƺڰ磡
̫һʲôͷ
Ů޵ĵ˭
ͬвС
Ϊʲôô㣿
ΪҪ޵еʱʱ̿ġ
(`)ķǵŮ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ҹ 20ƿڶ 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 65 
磡
һϲ, ֪лڻָ, û뵽ָô졣
Լ뿪֮󣬾Ͳ֮ǰʱʱС, ʳмȪˮ
ʱ䣬лȪֻЩׯȪˮ߲ˡ
Щľ, һȪˮȫس˻
ھŴʦļ֮, ܳµԼߡ
ԭֱӹȥȴűס˽Ų
ǰԼͳԭ·߻ȥ
̶̵ļ·, ˱Ҫ༸ʱ䡣
һǰ, ло˶
ŷת, ϣͷ˺顣
˶
ű߽, ̨һ, ߵˮǰȥ
лм˽ȥš˲õԼǰ
硣
лнõ, ˶ͷĺ
̶̵ļ˵, Ҳ˺
βסϲʵʲôʱ˵ģôҲǣ
л̧ۿεصԼһ, ٸһϲ
οԻԺ, ǱĸԺ, Ϊˮȥʩ࣬м仹Ҫʱȥϣûͣ
лҪʱʱﶼû뵽
ʣղͬĸȥ¸ʺôˣ
Ϊתȥװڽ̨ۻظǰǱ͸ģǺܺǫ̃ء
лֽӹ̨һۣ˵ȷʵǺ⣬лûУ
ǰ£ͷ¶Цݣڴˣܿ뿪ΣߵǰȥлֻҪϰߣԺҲûźҪˤ˵Ļô죿
ⵣлоòУϰײ֮
̫۵Ļ´Ȫ˽ܽɡ
˻Ҫ
лĻ¶Ц⡣
̧õͷԺôûˣ
Ÿ۾Ӧ˵ǰᰡ
鷿ĵƻӳõͫ
ǿű˴ˣ֮·𲻴ܡ
ӱڣָԺ󣬰᰾ٴα˴ǰײβ
лʼͼߵʱˤһ֣ʱ侹Ҳûһ㡣
һԼãһԼΨһѡ
лоãб𣬵ڣղһҲӦиʽĸ𣬶޼ա
ûԾάڸǰƣְ̧簴ȡ
лгŴķһۣ֦Ҷӳ֮䣬˵۾ȴûҪ˼
ӱԼԺ󣬰᰾Ҳûȥ
ǰׯϻûȥʱҪԼϲСѾ߱ɸ߲ʵǵ̬
ȻصԺԺҲȥ
ȺԼ˶Ժӣ᰼ȥ־Ůбб
Σ粻
¼űԺŴԶԶؿһۣ᰾;ùˡ
ֱӺлеߣֻûж
һȣеļˣջ֡
硣ͷԸ˵סķ䣬һʲôûС
뿪ʱǴҴߵģ֮ҲûԺסķ䡣
ɵ˵ùȥ
лж΢΢һЦ˵ȥɡ
ǲ֪صԺǴϵļһͻŹȥ
ӦһվȹĵطԸ˵ҾڷҪʲô飬ֱӽһұˡ
леͷԼ鷿ȥȻ˵һȥˣҪ͸Ͻȥ
ȣûз磬ȴз紵Ҷ
лµγܵķȥȥѳԪ۴̨Ҹطźá
鷿
ȣصԼסķ
뿪ʱ򣬻֪ô֤ԼݣѾϻԼĸĸˣҲԹؽлС硱
ٻصֻֻĸо
Žǰȴţǰƿˣ¹˽
޷ҹϵҲ
¹⣬Ȼ󿴵ǰƵƮƬҶ
Լõİš
վڴǰֽסҶ̲ס¶һЦݡ
ǸϤӰӴӽվԼǰ
ǵƬ̣ⴰ̨Ȼֻ¹ˮǰһСյء
ϵЦʧˣҶӣиֳ󣺰ᰲԼ
ôʱûмˣԼһԺһֱæ
мҹԼԺҶƮΪˡ
ɽûˡ
Լķվһ
ϱôźûɰᰵҲһ
ⱲӣӿԺһߵ죬Ҳǽ˰ᰵ
ⱲӵĹ켣һǲϱһߵһҪм
ţְ̧ѸոսӵҶõ˴ߣҪվڷдҶѣϵص
ҶһӰҡһ£ȵˡ
͹ˣȱһϡ
ƿѰԼӰһѾ
ôҪµͷֲ֪Լ˵ʲô
ֻʹƬҶȥ
վڴߵı¹ֽסҶӣ¶ԼϤЦݣȻ˿˼Լ
ɰȴûȥ
ЩлеѾָ֪ܹԼ·ˣ֪ԼܵʹѾˡ
ܿлоͻ磬ҲҪԼߣ˵ʦͻҪȥ
վǲҪһûиķ롣
һҶѵʹ羪һ
ǳĴڣӽķ
ûеƣֻдӴս¹Ŀ
ͣ˴࣬ѴߵҶӷ
ųԼǰİᰣ¶һЦݣˡ
ֺû˵֮·пǽǸˡ
վǰı⣬谵ķǿԿŮϴ·ķŵЩΡͷβǰǲһġ
վƬ̣ſڵϲ㡣
Ǳ˶˵Ļⶼڸˡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôŰᰶ˵ϲ㡱;Щζ
ԭ۾һӹâðʶԼĻñˣʱ̲סǰһ͵ҵ˼ǣϲһļˡ
ҪųĶŮôĲҪǲԼĴ
ҡǷܶлл
Ҳ̲ס߽һңҲܻڣϻĸϻصϻظ硣
᰿
߽һҲϲ
˶ǰһҲԽ֮ĺ蹵
ûһݾͺˡ
ܹûӦеһУܹɳһųâ᰺ܸˡ
ⲻһӦĹ⡣
ҡҪԱ΢Ц֪ԼΪˣԼְ̧֣ժ¶˿ס
һ˫ű⣬˵ΪˣġƬֵ̣ҲҪˣҡҿҪˡ

лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹþò 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
İӰ 10ƿJessie 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 66 
ʲôʱ򣿡ѿڶʵ
ɰҲ֪Լʲôʱ뿪
ֻǾԼʹ, ûɻ
¹, ˵Ҳʦʲôʱ
϶ǻġ
ܲܰﲻܡ
˳Ĭ
δӡͣϱ, ܾǰ˲ߡ
ҲϱȢӡ
һΣﲻڰ·ϱɽӱ
ƿĸͷ, ͷ, ͬġ
᰿ʵ㻹ǵ˵ģҪ㿾ӡ𣿡
ǵá˵ͷ
ᰣȺ, Ҿʹȥ
á
ΪҪ뿪ѹ, ⻰, Ƕ԰᰻Цݡ
ϱԵ޷֣Ⱳʼա
µŵԶʵ, Ҳͦõġ
, ﻧ
ҹȣڵͰﻧﲻ͸硣
Ҳܱڱɹһǿ
Ǳϵڵϡ
˵˲, ȥİϿˡ
öջǵģά, Ҳõ
Ҫ˯Żã˯˾ˡ
ڵϣг, г, ô˯ţ
˷ת˸, ͸е˴յǰս΢âж˵ֵܣܲＷһ
Ը˼һ˵˱Լ׳˵Ҳʮ㡣
ҪǲĻ˵ҪԼϳȥ
ԱãصС
Ӵһ
ֻ˵ͷ̹ˡ￪ˣȥһֱ࣬ɡ
£ںڰһʱʵʲô
ûʲô
λõŶӣӦ
Ȼ˾͸еԱߵԼôû̵һȣ
ˡһѻӿԼϵ֣һصҺĺǸ񣬽Сǳһ٣Щ˲ҷԡ
͹˰ɣ
ںڰҲһ˫۾ϴ·˵㣬е˼
ڳĻ졣
ϧںڵϹû˿ó
ⱻθ˳˵ֵ㶼֪ڳʩֵǴ˹ȥСҴҵΪʲôΪ˻ȥܻϵķͣȫǶ֪Ƿˡ
ģת˸Ǵڳ⣬֪ʲô紵ݶ
˵ǻм٣Ҫ˵ǰǳˮ֣ǸӵǸʩһϡɵˮ⻨ǼǮ˵ļνȻҲࣿҪ˵ȥҪٲ֣˭
ԣԽԽ⻰˵ееļŭȼ
ЩνĹˣڳǵѪͷ
ЩˣȻ벻
⣺ҪҵģͶϼֵȥһ֡㿴µľǧС㣬Ƕʲô˶࣬һžܰëѾͷſˡ뿿׬϶һ֣ٺ٣˵ܴڵʮ
û˳׶ģֵܣ͸һȥǸָ췭ظЩëѾͷ֪ôõõģ˯˯ɡ
˵ĶԷļһ뵽ܹõʲô⸹еļҲôˡ
ǻ쿴תȥʱͷֻЦ
ӹȻӣҪǰȥˡ
ȷʵʲô񣬶ڳ켦Ķӡ
֮ԻڳŹ֮ǰôһ·쵽ﻧΪ˷Ը˵Щ
Է£һ־Ǽʮӡ
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ڶһ磬ĳӾǰһ⡣
ʩֵµ˹νϢ˳һɱ˾У⳵ӹ߹ȸ֣ͬղͬ˫۾ضš
Ϊɷųһһ˵ŴӹϢ
˵ʺѾͷڳ⿪ֵ£ǣǼǸϻĿн˹УΪĻ࿴࿴ء
Ųӣ޸ԼҴӣһ⻰ҲţĻӺεȹأлƥŮ˵Ǳ˵ûҲ䲻Ļӡ
ȱ˵䲻䡣һ죬ɷ˸򣬡˵ǲǾΪˣǲǾΪˣǰǻȫǵЦأ
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˼һʱƥҲˣ
˺ɸֵصҲǿЩǰͷڻϻʺǰ£ôû뵽
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ҪȥһҪԼȥɫͺܲÿ
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ֻͬѩ˵ŽֶˣϢʱҪ١
⼸նûȥͬүүϣ»ȥˣҪźá
ϣմҰԼķԸԺ
ԺְԼĽȥ⣬ߥ¡
ϣҵ˹ʵһܰԼԤϵķչ
˳⣬СǶææµµذѶϰȻ˻𣬳ųࡣǶ֪ۼֶˣҲǰҪЧҲܿ˼Ͱ࣬ڳ룬ǰһŶȡ
˻һѣ߰˸ˣǻͬ˵ĻЩ˵ˡ
߰˸һļϡǸһ̫ˣЩǺһ͹ģֻһУ
Щʩ࣬ҪǣһҪˣ
ԣڻʵ۱ǰɲðǸźˣ
ƲӰһǵĻƵͫ⡣
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￪ʼʩˣ˾ߺһ
߰˸վǸȥǺֱײǰ˶ˡ
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˱һӵĻСôԼʱһѻյͷ
ȵ˺ȴǷԣ˵һС룬һңʱ˵ϣˮ
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ˡ
ڸ˼￴ţаʼźȥ
ǰˣȻȴ
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ȴǰ͵رһŭȣֵǣЩ˲ǵ˿Ҳøӣң

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 67 
֪ĸѾ߷һ, ⳡҳĻ
ѩæűˡ
ע⵽Щ˶׳ꡣ
Ǳ, Ҫ׳ࡣ
ѹ
УܻЩˡ
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ڵһѵʱ, ǾѾ
Ŀ֮Կңϵ붼ȥֽƷ
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СǷ׷׻ع, ڳ˼һ
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ΪǸ۾һת, еˣˣ
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ɱ𣿡
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һʼǰֻ߰˸, һ¾Ͷ˼ʮ
ЩŹߵС˶ʱӲ, ǻûĳ档
ѾԶԶġ
ĸ, ңңؿš
ĻЩµģҵǻ᲻ʲô⣬ϵɫȴһƬƽ
ǳͻֲ
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Ȼʱ仹磬ZľӻûﻧĲʿܿͻ
ʲô
Ȼھľʿߵ춯롣
ЩǳԷʱµġ
ЩʿһΧ£
Χǰ˶ᣬǶϳ͢ľȴʱˡ
Ϊ˼ھ˹ֻ֪ܵˡ
ҪǾôˣ˵Ͳʹ
˵Ǯ÷̲һڡ
вʣһͷһĿһѰ˱⡣
λС㣬ǲͬһ۾ϳ
ΣζԶûҼ
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Ҫ֪ôúŪģ
ѩűˣ֪Ҫʲô
¼״ŵ겻ǡ
ֽǿЩˣȥſ
˶סˣֲȥ
μһĻ˼һҪʲô
ȻͿߵͰǰ
Ǹոõ࣬ڻϣ̵̹ðݡ
ڵǰ۾ŪصС㣿ǿǵȴĶŪǣ
Ϊ֪Էʲô£⻹ڶѩֱۼ俪ڵʲô
ֱͻֻἤìܡ
˴Եͷô֪Ҫ
˵ĿͰϣѩ˶ʵҪʲô
¶ЦԼ׼࣬˵⻰ɣ
˵Ͱһײ
ǼڻϵͰʱȵ൹ȥ̵ˮɽ


ڰһĻ̲סվ
Ļǳ̵ˮҪϣô
ֻô
Ҫû׹֣ϵ˻Լ컨þһǧһ򱶡
ʱһӣZ᲻ῴ
սȭȲصĲҽС

ѩѾ˵棬Ǹ޿ˡ
ʵڶ㲻ֻֻ̧ס˶ѩͷ۾ʹĽ١
һ̣оͶһӰ
ڱѩǰһù󲿷־ϡ
ǷݰͰײͻȻˣӲԭء
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ŷǸоϵʹڵʱȻûһ˿ôĵӣҴɱ͢٣
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ˣŷȴ˵ֱӱԼ˵Щҵ¡
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Щŷһĺ¹Աȴ׳һ
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һצϵ·ݺݵǵѪ
Щ˷ɱһĲҽУ˵Ķ
צЩ¹Աһ⼸˾Ͳҽűץ˻ݺݵˤ˵ϡ
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ЩСǼԺĹԱ
վڽָ
Ϊʲôÿһζôˣ
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ŷﲻ֡
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̵ˮںıûܵġ
ȷǴܳĽû֮ŷעŻصԼϡ
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һʼֱӴ·ˮ, ҲΪüʱ, ˵ĵطֻǷ, û, ·ʱҲûгƤ
ȳò, ŷ̧֣ˡ
ƤϵʹѾò, Ϊ̵òء
֮м϶, һ̧ۣͿ⻹վڲԶ, Լ
Ժҩ
ŷòԺ, ;ܾҩ
ҩζô, , ܲþͲá
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θղҲһ£ֵЩµʱû¡
ֻҡҡͷȥš
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ĵһ࣬ڴҪôƷˣҪôϨ˻
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û˼˿Ⲣ໰мˣֺγûУ²֪˼УµĺȻҪԼе
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ϳͲܰġ
Ѻڵϵ˶ʱɫҰס
ŷڵ̩飬Ǳ׷⣬ޱȣͼɱﵱ
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кβң
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ѩýŵö㵽˱
ŷƵ꣬Խϲˡ
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ǡ
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ػɵҲ֪ԼոŭΪЩʲôˡ
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ΪṩͶȡʳ;
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οԭӦԼϵٹΪᣬĿֱ˼֡
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ʣ߰˸ԾɱԺĹԱŵ, ȴԼ׶༪١
ǿŮЬӴǰ߹, ֻصŷߡ
ֻŷ, ʵʣ⼸øδãҲһɱˣ
⼸ľһ޺
ǣҲ˵Ľ
ǵĿ޺, յɧζֱŵ˿ӡ
̲ס˱ǣŷ˹Ȼһ, ɱ̫ˡ
ЩҪǱȫɱˣǿɾ̫ˡ
ŲסǲıҲûˣ˻Ǵᷢɡ
áŷӦĿЩŵӵķһɨ, ڶߵ˷Ը, Ǳʮ, Ȼȥ߽ۡ
ȥ߽ۣǸʲô
߰˸¶ɫ󡢴ˡ
ûие, ŷ㲻ɱ, ҲǺù
һԸЩǵļԺԱ̶֡
⿴ϴĳצȻг
ƽﶼ۳Σͼ󣬴˿һóһǴ˵Ĺӡ
Щ¹Ա˳һ飬ӾͳЩϴȥ
ϣ顱졣
ųҲۣ߰˸˶ʱҽгһƬ
˵ĶУµҲ̲ס˶
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˿ʼæµط࣬ƽ÷·ʲôû
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ѩ˵ͷ, ױ˼
˼Ƭ, Ѿѡ
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ҪڣѾͨ, Сˡ
ʱ˶Ĭֹס⡣
ͷʾ, ѩ˳ȥȥν
󣬿ӳӰ, һתʹӺת
νǶѩ, Ĳġ
˸ʳС
Ŀ, ͻȻΪ
˽һ̤㱦סĵط
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Ϊ˲⣬ֱõĶ
μõģһ»һУΪһʱĲʡ
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˵ýҵԵܾˣһ뵽Ѱ
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̧֣òĵԼǰ
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׼룬ֽҨݸһ룬ԼҲһ롣
ӹ˵Ȼʣ͸ԺúϢΪҹ
ЦЦվǰĲſ˵ʳ˵һԡ
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Թ⣬Ϊ޽ﻧṩʳ
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ԴγãҲûĵϡ
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⿴ǾԼսԺʱ򣬵õҲ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹpeggyou2000jenniferCAda 1
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

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ڰܹµ֮, ûٶ
С˰ȥ, һֱûн
Ⲣ⣬ճȥͬүү, ָ¿ʼ
ͻܿҪˡ
Ը˵ͷ
ǰ˸Щնˣ½½˽
鷿ﻭŻ, ѩѾ߰Ѷ˹
㿴Ѿһݺ, һüͶȶѩҪСЩ
ŮѶԱ˵Ѷÿ, , ȵͻʱ϶ѹȺ, ˡ
Ļԭдɻ̧ͷ
ͻ, ҲӦػ˺ɻ
йд, ÿնҪϼš
ŮõӶǺӣڴӳĹâ¹⻪
ϧ, ɫ̫ⲻϲ
Ѿ߼űϵı, еЩ㷵ġ
ϲ𣿡
һ˵ţһߵͷŵѣⶼÿˡ
һΪ˰, ε
ѩϲ
һ˵, һù˷ڽһȹʱ, Σ
⿴ȹʽʱ˵ģӿʵȴǼѵõģȸղҪ
ѩɫף϶ÿϻʺʹ͵ͷõˡ
űʣ˵㶬ѩ˵Ҿʹ
ѩӦһǡ·
·ۺģЩۺۡ
ѩú̡
⻹Ҫùϸõÿ񣬶ѩСѾ˵ſǳȥɡ
ǡ
ݺüӦһ涬ѩһ鷿
Щ·űĹ뷿ߡ
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㶨ͻһҪΣԺҲͬ˼ոµѸͷ档
С㣬㿴·Ư
ҲѣĻϲչʾο
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֧һģһģǲʵ
ԶԶԡСæͷҿүȡģһģһġ
¶ЦݣҪĶⲻˣ
á˵ߴ磬ͻգһϵġ


ŸһķΣ
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лͶ[]Сʹ 2
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ͻǸ
վڴǰ˿, Żص̫ߡ
̫Լ˵̫㿴, ꣬ˡ
̫۾졣
칫, ·Ҳ֪ʧ, Ҫʾˡ
, ͷѾ̫ͨ, ˡ
ĸ⴩룬̫һȻǰ
̫֣ͷŴһص˵ͷá
ԵǱ⹬ʹİͷ, ŮҲг
ǡ̫ĿڱⷢǶֵܽػϡ
Ҳˣ˵Ӵ, ⷢΡ
̧, ۾صǴǰյҵġ
ÿ̫һȻű۾˵ͻ, ˵ӲЩ⾩и, , ûķ, ȥ̨ɽ, ҲӦЩˡ
ҲǸסĻᡣ
ԭҲŽҪӦЩԼʲô̬ȣûá
ڵĸĻʱͷӦǡ
̫֣˵ȥɡ
ͲμЩᣬֻ˵ڻֲûл
ʵڲ֣Ҳû˸ϸ
ĵ
̫ñӲҲΪ
ĸԺӳͬѩݺ軭üһȥ˺԰
εͻ磬ں԰
ʱ򣬺԰Ѿۼ˾Ů
ͬһ𣬹ŮںһߣȺ
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ǰֻǿѾߣȴһˡ
ЩֻϳһЩǲϵõġ
ѩڱߣνָ
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ЩŮǷ񽻺ãҲζǵļĹϵ
λȻҲҪнϵ
Զѩ˵һ飬ȫ
סˣѩЩģҪ˵һ飿
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ҲŮǵĿ⡣
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û뵽յһͬԼ˵Ļ
ӦΪڳ⴦ʱֳĹ뿴¿ǸĹ
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Χ, ˶ڵĴ𰸣ɿˡ
ʱ˵ʲô˵Ǳ˵ѣԼ·
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Щ·, ȴҪ, ʲô˼
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ŮǶޢ껪, ֻ˾һƬ
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˵ţĿ, ˭֪νƵأΪʩֵ, һʼġ
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һǰʵڸеĵλΡ
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幫˵⾩ֻҪǿ̩ǽƽܻס
ƽһôһǳķȥС壿
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幫ижʵûҪѩϣȻΪԼѡ
ȥĽƽʵôǸƽһģ
幫˵ĴѾ˵ѩҲýƽҾҸһߣײѩ磬Ҳô
⻰תĿ⣬幫û͸һҪҲڵĻȥҽƽǧ䵥
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Ȼ˵ΣԭΪôòǣΪ컨˰̣һҲûⰡôһֱǵľۻأ
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ƽüĵĻΣֻմˮŻ£
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ԼҪעΣԵ幫˵Ҳ߰ɣ

лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ362 2
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
՘S 22ƿͬ 20ƿ
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Աܿ, ˶మĵ
ͬƫ֮Ⱦ, һʢľͿɻ
Ҳϲغɻֻǰûʲô
ˮܽأ̲סֱͨ, ֦, Զ壬ֲͤͤ
幫ߣһʱû, ֻʵ˵ʲô
ûʲôҡҡͷ, ֽŻϡ
ǰһϵһ, ĿĶΪڽյͻϳͷ
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ı, ҪʩֵʱѾ̵档
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ΪԼλϹ֪˿ж, òЩƲԱ
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СͱλϣǶȻӸߴ˶ܲһš
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ͷһСĻõĶǡ˵
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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Ȼп׽֮ 20ƿס@ 1ƿ
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ܾδǰЩʶǻ۶Ȳ
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ֻ͸δ޸Ҳˣȴãøöһġ
һ˭֪ĸãĸģ
ţתĿ⳯εķȥͼķҲôһܽء
ȻǸûġ
ջĿ⣬ҰѶεĲѹ¡
̧Լ֣ȵضԼ˵أȵġ
еϤĴУָһһСֽš
⣺ĸˣ˭ģ
Ц۾Ұһϲ㾲Ҳһ
һ˵ţһȻسֽ֣˱
仰˱ֽ˭ĺ⡣
С
У
ղҪʫһʱòþ䣬Ҹ˵
һոлڼʫ
һ壬׾ˡ
Լÿ涼ȡһ䣬Ծ䣬Ҳһװ
йŮȻ飬ʫҲ˶Ӧ
ͻ磬ܽƽƷͿˡ
ʱǰֽ϶Ѿдʫ
йŮСӦϰ游飬һСо͸ⲻͬ
幫һĸʫˣǼԵôҲʣоЩ
ű˲ֹһֽţ˵ϲֹһ˸ݵʫѡһдȥѽ⻹ڵʲô
ȵ𰶼ʼǵʫˣżͬСõĲ֪ʫдǰֽϡ
幫Ҳû屦˭һףͱȥ
ȻǾӦԽϿʿһǵġӡ͵棬ȴġ
桰١ˣࡰɡ
ȻЩʫ϶ûӦһȺСо͸Ĳͬ˵һ۾Ϳˡ
лõʫһ飬ݸԵлԨ
лԨֵ꣬ݸZ
ÿло˵ӦΪס
ZͬлԨҲû
Ǳ׾һԣʣµġ
ʱZҲԼдһףּӦСġ
ллãлԨȽڲزסԼһ߿һ̲סһǱģ
ЩŮдֶһϲ˭˭
ô˰ҲûԼдʫû͵ɣ
ϣѩߵţʵǸոտҲˣ
Ե˵ǵģҲˣǽԾ䡣
վβԶҲ˵Ļ
ôʱдһʫҲòȥ
ԼдףǶһʿڵʫ
ƾ٣˸̽Ĳһ
ǰôŲģҲ±֪
ߣ幫Щš
̲סʱ⣺⣬ոһ
Сˡ
Zֵһʫ˵ס
һӳּͬҲСͬǰЩûʲô
дʫ
һ۾ͿԼ͹ȥһʫĵһ䡣
ֵǣȴԭʫ
Zҿˣߡ
лԨԱ̽ͷĿֽϵڶʱʱס
ڶдģǳ֮⣬䲻ǡ
Zתͷı飬ʱʶлԨҲ뿪ȥдСֽ˱⣺
ҡлԨ̲סֽZгߣʫһ飬ֻԼʫһȻۺԵ÷ͳһǻƴոС
ͺľʫԭͬһ
лԨϵıʵ̫עĿлҲ˹
ôʣѵ˭ȿдøã
˵ţùлԨֽţҲԼһʫ
ZķӦ֪ҲǱߵʫ
⽻һף䶼Сһʱյôֽţʵڲ֪ξ
ÿ涼һ䣬ȻԼٴһ䣬ôǿнˡ


⣺һҲдģ
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ362 2
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ʫĽ, һȻӦ顣
ҶԤϵġ
ΪѡƽЩʫ϶ûǰ׶ͻ֮˲ȷϡ
Ӧıʼϣ̽һҲͱϳˡ
Ψһ, Էд, ȴôҲһλֱʡ
Щʫ͹, λȿˡ
ֽ֮˷ݣ᲻Ǳдģ
Լҹ׾Ҳδزܡ
վͤӭĸ׵Ŀ, ֪ĸʲô
ʫдİ
, ʫԽԽϲ
̲ס׵ʫǺܲ, ǱܵһŮһˮ׼׸ķȤ£Ҳϲ, ˭дģô, Ǻء
Ļ, ʣµĹŮҲű˴ˣ˭дױһʫ
ͤһʱ䰲, ֻյķΧˮ
ǰһ, ˵ؾĸĻ, ʫдġ
Σʶʵ
վԭأ˵ͷ
е˵Ŀⶼ۽ˣδӸղžƵǺЩ
ʫҪľЧ
Σ
ô
Ƕ֪ʫķˮƽԸĳԾ
ʿգĿ࿴
ʫˮƽȻ͵һء
඼ԸӦȼˡ
ҲЩ⡣
ͷ˿ʫһ
ȻŶ˵ʫдãǰȫһ
վԭأ˳صŮڲٳţԺʫżüѾ䡣մٵôһףԺˡ
һж΢Цܵһףܵõڶףס
δһ־Щķʽǰвͬ
Ϊ˴ʫҲһ
ڳˡ罭ƽǴҲʧ˵λܾ飬ͻͽģֻûб֤ݣ֤ʫдģͺơ
Ӧһǣ̹Ȼ
ʮڵϸ̽̽ɵʫ䣬괫ƪҲԺ
˲ҪٿУҲ١һͬļ
гسһ
Ȼһ׽յ˵ڶZҲˡ
֪ԼдģжȻԼӡ
ǰףʣµʫҲмײģ涼һ͹ˡ
Ƿ˷һƪʫֱ֮д˭ģ
վڱԵ幫۾һԼף
ǳĸģ˼
ֻű֣ʶսָ
ͷһŮı죬ֻӦˣĸף幫
𣿡Ц幫˵Ĳɡ
ûСе˵ĿⶼԼϣĳﻹδйڸе幫˼ˣֻǡֻǴˡ
ѩ
ԸԼʫĿԣȲӦ飬òһҲӦܹøڶǡ
û뵽ôһͻ磬Щ˾С
óôһ׶ð۵ķ֪֮֮ðһССŮ̽
дúҪȻҲõ
ֻ͸˵幫֪Сʫ
ѹԼ˷ͷ
ºᵽԼʫѩҲȱȱ
Ȥͻ뿪ˡ
幫ʫ֮Լȥס
ƴƴմգôλĻӵĸһ䡣
ЩۣҲǿܽûз˴ҵĺ⡣
ֻӦСֽţȴûϡ
ţյ幫ߣ˼䡣
幫Ļͷ
תۼ䣬Ǽǰһʫʣһš
һһ͸еǰһ
дôãôûнǰ
ǵȿڶ䣬ˣ
ԭÿһ䶼дúãÿһǼѾ䣬ǷһͲˣֻǿϸ
ʫһ飬̧ͷʵ˭дģ
Ÿͬ幫꣬Լƴյʫĸ˳
û뵽澹ȻʫҲƷ˹
ǶԼʫԸ
ͤٴΰ
زȹŮٲ˭дôһʫǰһˡ
ĸ׵Ļдġ
дģʧЦ
šЩ˼صҿĲʺдʫ
ӦվһԣŸղǼʫȷʵ䶼ǼѾ䣬ֻһŤ
˵ȥģȴûԼݸСֽš
ӦһͲµбҲʫ
ռ׺ʫȭȭ꣬һ׶ԡ
Ծ͸һƴһԾ䡣
Ϊƴó
Ӧ뵽ۺЦؿڵǰʫƣΪƧѾ䣬ﲻݡʫ¾ǵ棬Բž𿪶Ǻþãһȴʧƽ⡣
Ϊ˵Ҳ۾һתڵǰʫﲻҲвȱʫƪʫдúãһ乩˻ζҲ͹ˣα׷
˵ſ⣬ҿ´벻һģԾдһ佻ȥˣ˵ܴ
Ӧţһͷ̲סЦ
˵ȤǵҲЦ
һЦһҡͷ졭
һʱ䣬ͤӯЦ¶Ҳü
ŵ˶룬Ӧʫˡ
ҲðѱʫŵдʫȻûеõ㣬١˭ҲԸ⡣
лԨͰʫĶһţȻZлжûзԣôùȥˡ
Ц֮УϴЦȴ
ͷǱôһֱעĿˡ
޷⣬ԼԺôСѾߣڻص˿λϣȱʧôĽôһ¾Ͳû
ǰҲڶˡ
ѵ
룬ѵԤϵͻϻôһ˸׼ʫģ
⻹˴ûнʫĶֻƴһ
ǷҲӦΪⷬ˵
нؾ
ģΪʲô˶ڸԼԣ
ΪʲôǸԼȥԼʲôƻҪƻ
ʫƷˣʫĻҲһ䡣
϶幫һڿˮոնԼ˵Ļ򶨵ؿڵͻôʫдõľǿףд뾰ڹлܽյ뾰عУǾͺˡ
δһжʱʱ˴󲿷˵Ŀ⡣
ѩٴθһҪʲô
幫˼
幫飬ϱǺ޴ڸУҲϣûע⵽
ôǰ˵ʵڷ
Ӧˣ幫˵ϲҸʦɫϽʫͺá
幫ҡҡͷ˵ͲһʦˡϲӦʫҲϲ̩Ļ
˵ţűֻ˻Σ͸һһɣòã
ԭΪ汦̨
ֻӦʫϼĻܳĵ
幫ֻǴ
ǰԼԺУ黭Ŀõȷʵǵࡣ
Ҫʫˮƽﻭó
幫̨²ȴ˸Ӹ
̲ס˼ֻȴ󷽵صǹѩ
תͷԸ˶ѩȥȡ˻ֽԼõı
ϰϰϣܿмС˰ſľ
һͬһֽ̿
Ա̾ϳīֽš
ֽó棬֮ϲõҲ᲻ȥ
е˸ɴͲֽ֪Ρ
黭ϲУֽ֪⡣
˿̶Աɵ
ǰѡһ֧ʣȻձʻӺת˲ֽ̿˴Ƭī
ͤZлԨлж
ɢ¶վı⣬űʣڶǰ
һĻǵע˹ȥ
лԨ̲סվȥһ
ֻǱ߶Ů죬Ҳֻ롣
лԨЩż
֪ʫҲˣôҪˡ
ⲻַΪã
Zûôż
֪ڵһΣʧصʱǷ򾲣ǰ£βǣҲа취ܶɹȥ
֮лУϾֻʦӻϣרע츳
̶ʱִܽԭĹдɽȻ赣ġ
ֻЩˣҪһ
£±ȫ˼
лС
еıֻҪ
֮ʱлпᡣ
ǵȵֽϷɽͣǾͲò⿴˼
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ǰ汦ⵣĵϿ⻭̲סӴһ
˵þã
俴򶨣ֱ⻭ӵ½յֲŷˡ
ɩˣɵض˵游һǱĸڵһ游
ԵķˣʱȻ򡪡̩ȷʵλ档
ֹһʱ䣬һơ
˱ʡ
˶̲סΧǰҪø
Ӧɻ۵ñ֮ɣȴвѩ˪֮
ҲīƮݣܹȻм㣬кܡ
游Ƴǰʥ֮ʡ
⻭ȴûͣЪȡ˱ʼϵһֻǺ
ǺīˮڻλñߣдӦ鷽ʫ
ʷһǳɣ黭һ壬Ȼɡ
⻭޵УӰֽ˶𺳵ʧ
˿̻ûԼӡ£ֻȡСдԼķ̩
׺ųɻʱա
̩һ䣬Ҳ˱ʣһ
վ£ؿ⻭ϵĺɻ
Χж˴ǰվڻǰŮڷŹ⡣
衣
ع鱾λĹâڸǡ
һɣһ䣬Խ̩ĸֱἰͲһѾĿ׺Ҳڹ⻪顣

лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹeven666 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 77 
һźɻͼ, ⳹״˾йŮȦ
ΧŻиߣԼ
ƾһ֤࣬ǲѷӦĲŮ
Ԫ׷̩ʫУ仹ù, ȴܳѾ䡣
Ҳ, һ幫Ѻôع, ˭óжˡ
鷨ҲʫʱдǹŮеСڻһ־ͻвݡ
ͬʱ𣿻á
̩ôʱ䣬СֵҲ
ȥҲֻܹѪ
Ľ֦Ҷǲһġ
Ҳʮָ, ˰ѱĻȥװǰ, ͵˶ȥ
ҵСǼһͷ˾̾
лԨм, ̾ķӦһģһ
Zɻͼ֮ǰѡʫ, ʫӳ, 澡պɻ
ZǰֳָǸݶϱŷݵϸӰ, ϱһ˲â񲦿, ǰ
һͻ, Ǳ
԰, ˾ͻ˺԰š
ĳ׼ĺɻĲãùźһŮȺͶ塣
ƽԱ⣬ͬȫͬĹ۸С
Ϊ˿֮λ£żϲ
ռִμأȥеķͷ͸ᶨҪˡ
²˳ͷ
¿ŽƽһΧôˣҪһȷϽƽüǲǿɰ붼Сֱӹȥ֣ҲѾСڽԣֻܷ
磬˾Ըǣ׼ȥ
ſϧʱվڱǰһ䣺Ǳ¡
˶ſڣ˵С˶
⻰Ѿ˵һΡ
δɩ֪ôͰԼ˵Ļˡ
ʱ˵𣬿϶޵ķʸ
ԭǣͬ˵
ᵽӣ̲סüͷһ壬ע˹
еԼ֣Լ˵Ҳ֧ģֻˤˣ֪ģ
ûȫᵽ˼ȴ֪Ҫ˭ֻ档
ϵصġ
˵Ÿ飬ְ̧˲ڷܽصݸǴ͸ҵģҲνһ֧ԭ֧Ȼˣ֧ɡ
⻰˵Ŀεķ䡣
Ȼ˸֧һģһķΡ
Щ˾ûʲôЩϵɫȴ΢΢رˡ
ϱɫĶǸνõĹŮ
ԭŽ㲻׽ΣǼù֣κչֳʫţǻ̲ס۵ߡ
αֵѵķˣǰһһء
ÿÿ˵ԼΪʡ
л䲻Ůȴ߽ô꣬ȱŮҪ
ûдȥ֮Ϊβǣû˵ǳϵŮЩŮֻǱҵĺӱˣȻ
˵Լܳ裬ʲôʲôⲻʣܽؾ֤ݡ
ǶûⷢǴ̨ɽ̫͡
Աϵ·ͷ棬ȴժ֧Ρ
ȴⷢθŵʱμֱڻԡ
żҲȻûȥˣѵø
οǶԼ̬˲仯еЩԼϵĿߣֻ۽ޣ۵ױһƬ
ŮˡΪʲôֻҪ־͸Լȥ
ǾллˡֽӹӣתݸԼŮúš
ȥͬ˱ǰӴһۣջĿ⡣
Ѿ˵ԭΪǸûģû뵽ǸƵġ
չͻϣξͲ֪˶ı
ֻҪڸһգլ᲻ð
-
ûͷβμӹһᡣ
֪ôۡ
ԼԺõţûٵԺȥͻдʫĻ̫Ķ
ŮڹŮдʣдΪοã
˵ˣҪŮйͬŰݡ
Ϊĸ̫ϸҲһ
áϣշ飬лҵŮ
ñЩҪӲҲǱ
ȴԼʵЩеĸˣıĸڴĻҪá
νΪҲ̫ͨͨĶУֻ̫һӡ
ȥԺ˵̫СЩֶΣҲֻһײǿʲôˡ
еû𡣡
̫˵ţ˱յӦֶΣҲ黭һһˡ
ʣ費ҪūȥСԺӣôô
á̫ҡͷĥʯͦãһʱɡ
ǡ
Ӧһź̫ȥЪˡ
ηţɾֶˡ
νյıôһͣ˵̽䡣
ѩϾôãҲȥΡ
ǸݺͻüȴǻõӣҲࡣ
С㣬пȻ¶Ҫϸµġ
ߴߴ˵ûꡣ
ƽū澼ôÿ࣬û뵽ͻһˡ
ǰǻ֣ūҲûмõˡ
Сǵı飬ȻҲôġ
ԭ̿˻ֽԼջɻСɣӦٻˣĻֻòС
СѾͷҲһٹ⣬ȥˡ
ݺͻüһת˵Ρ
СʫȻҲãǵڶȲӦС㡣
Щ˸СǻȥʱҸݺ軹ʱ˵СѳԣƷȱԺҪˡ
ʶһ١
ѩվԣѾͷҲ۵ģ
Ѿ˲ûѩʹ˸˱гȥˡ
󣬿뿪ѩ˵
ûʲô˵ֻ뿪֮ǰЩŮͬζúõģ֮ǰͻȻת䣬ôҲǸľٶйء
Լıȫңʼδ
û˵ĸ
ЩĿ⿴ˣһҪǹڵϴ
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ԭıˣḶ̌ıȻҪǳϡ
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Ԫ䡢󳼶һȥΧΪҾҲǿͬġ
ҪҵᣬǳѣԴȹԼĵλ
ԭҪҪԼðա
α˱ۡ
ȻҪıˣҪԼͬȥΧ
̣֪Ϥ˺ܶ顣
ЩԳΪƽƵߵשʯ
²һʱ̣֮Լ⡣
ȻѾ˷ǽԼһЩˡ
ţԲ˵ȥ
ǡ
߳ȥСѾ˵
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ǰ˵ǻ˶úÿúܣ幫Ҫѻȥأ˵ʵ۱Ҫǿ⻭ǲֵͿˣ
ʹΣԵЦȥѲɻֵܷͷ
˵˶ЦںţСĻ
ֻ첽ǰһקסСѾߵĶ䣬תԼںʲô
Ľ㣡СѾ߻æ¹ģ˵ֻǡû˵ʲô
֣˵һղŵĻǾ͵ŵԺȥɣ
ǡǣҲˣ
ڷĳȥʱûйţĶһ
ЦһûѾ߶ڱ
Щǰ񣬷·˭ʶô
ûϵţһҪһػ

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¹
ڴϣ۾ξ
һΣμԼûĵط
ܣƵˬΧǾʿΧ
ǰڲڵкöϵá
ҵ˳ԪۣҵZŷ
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ãȻԭתһȦȴԼھͬ￴һһû塣
ͣ뵽ǰԼ֪˺Ҫ飬һδҲ
ϾûԼԺѾܾûˡ
룬ЩԵĶ顢
ȴ֪ξҪĸˡ
ôˣġ
Ԫһָǰӣ˵޿ȥˣһҰ
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⣺˼ҲˣҲ֪
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Ƽһѵġࡷby̸
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һСԣıʸķ綼Ǻܺõģ
Ѿˣϲɵѿ֧һŶ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ 1
лͶ[]Сʹ362 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
lillymm 3ƿ
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һɽ, ˱ɢ
Ԫ۸ֱĬذе¹
⿴¹Ĺâ
ֻ¹ͽýҲǳ졣
Ԫ۸ԶԶ˸ơ
ؼӿٶȣͬһȥ
ƬΧıԵͨʼԶΧٽ
׷Ÿ, ׵ԽԽ, üֱЩΥ
Ҳע⵽һ, һӣǱ궯ֻܡ
ԶԪ۵Ӱֻ¹ǰһΣʧˡ
սиֳһ˿衣
Ԫһ, ˶ں档
Ҫ
óԪһС
ݡ
ûͣԼ, ִߴһ塣
ȸ, ˲õԤС
Լһ, ǰ, ҲԪ۵Ӱ
⿴Զ, ӵıԵʮ֮⡣
ԵΧΧһɴֲڵľͷɵΧΧס, Ϊ˱ΧӴܡ
ӱԵһƬ¡
ȴֱֱسǸ, ûͣ١
ü, ͼ٣ɴ˳ȴȫ
ĿһΧϣֻһΧѡ
ֱֱسȥ϶Ҫϵ˵ȥ
ڷУҲע⵽ΧĶѴ
һϵҪתͷʮȴ˷һ
±ţҲͷҲصǰȥ
ۿǶѵΧԽԽᵽɤۡ
һҧϲȦȻ͵һᣡ
һɾͷƫת
һ˻ΧǰȻ
⼱еҪȴʲôҲ˵
û壬ֻ£Ȼ̤ǶѵΧ
ӳͫ׼
һԭ
ѥȴϣѲá
˻УվǱһ𷭹Χѵľˤ˳ȥ

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ԭЩѾʧЩղأЩǻϷ³ġ
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ŷϸֳЦЦı顣
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οԼĴѾ͹ϡ
˵С㣬ѩ˵ǿֵġ
ͻϵ£ûץʵİѱҲûͬ˵ʲô
ԺϣҲԼһͬʡ
ȻûҪ˺˼ʾҲͽ£˵þˮŰɡ
ԼԺţù֮Ҳˡ
п˳ζֻ˵ǲǿ⡣
ɺػ˻֣òİϳȥǷų˰ɡ
ڱԺõкһһɳ
лԨ
ǸճԹҲһԵ˰ֻϡ
ڲǰӴ˸ãصҾ֪ûС⡣
֪ϲԺóԵĶ͸Ķࡣ
֪ˣ²ǶҪʡ
Ժջá
ڳָһܣһԵõϾ;ûˡ
̲סʵǱׯϵϣׯϵҲˣûôð
ǰЦص⻹Ůֵء
һʱѹôóԡ
ԭŮŪġ
ǻˣֽǰƣүúóԾͶ顣ȥׯճϣʮﻧȥ˷ַ񡣻صУЩҲǸԺӶȥˡ
⣬ŮĶ¡
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ͻԼŮһû幫˹
ʵүҲĻ
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Ҳ˱, Ůõ֤ʵ
ԭΪֻŮģû뵽ȴһԵ
֮, ̲סŮ˵ôҲף
, Ȼ黭ң˱, ȻҪġ
λԸ⣬ʰһԺ̱⣬Ҳ⡣
, жλ黭ҲǺ, ֻʵŮô˵
˵˵ˣλʦϲ֣ԲŻɽºɽ, Żصס, סڻͬ, Ҳ⵽, ֻñʱȥͺˡ
ЩŹ֡
Խ, Խദ
˵ͷǱ㲻ǿˡ
һ, ʦڸй档
ܻϲԸ¶棬Ƿ, 㹻еġ
οǵŮͬˣϻۣɵȱôʱ, ͻϵı, Ѿ򸾾ϲˡ
̾Ϣ黭Ҫѧ, һ֮ʦڵ黭Ѿôãλʦһ˺ܶ๦ˡ
п꣬˵»һ£ٹЩʱգˡ
ʮǰһգŮ
ȻսִԴĸŮָ
˵£Ȼʹ
ԭΪǰѺӽӻߣԴ˱ܲˣû뵽ȴǿǷ˸ࡣ
߲ɣ̿׷̧סӣڵƻѾػصߣٰǡһžۣʲôҪĵأ
εؿһۣ֪ûԼ˼
˵ǱǰһȴΡ
ǷϧŮǰνӻظ֮Ϊ죬ʵȴε
ֻߵʱĶϱ
ϡǵԼǰһ¡
αȱҪһ£һ¡
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ˣͻ黭˫ˣȻΪ졣
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ƹĽǰŵıɢ⣬ҹ¶ȡ
Ĳٹһʱ䣬Ҳš
ӵĵǡ
϶Ҫġһ仰ȶ˻˵ΣҲӡ
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ƹ£ü˼ǣͬһչǸ취ȴί˱⡣˵ſӣ֪ģθ⣬ǵ׹⣬ҲŽϻʱ˵ģ˿ί
ͷۡһ˵ˣʱһ
һӵĻ̾һȥʣҲ֪Ůô
ԱԸȻĸ׵ĻϲΪȣԼίҲĸΪѡ
㣺ⶨ˽֮£ʵľˣ֡һֱű֣ǴҪ˵ȥһǷ壬ͷԼûε֡
ţ˵ڼңҪվˣ¾ʰɡ
Щ⣬ȻҪ֣ҲʹشӦˡ
ڶգ壬˱Լ鷿
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ǣȻ˹
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һϣһӣһ̲֮סЦ
ⲻԵؿôˣ
ûʲôŮãȻСģһЦһ߰֡
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ŮŪҲã黭游һ츳ϾĲˡһȥ¶ôԼ֪
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Ů˵ˡ
ȥ۸Ůˡ
ŷӣָָǳķȥ
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ҪУĹΡ
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ϣһ͵鷿һ͵
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νʣµİҲУϸϸ׽֮󣬲Žӷ˵ϣ˵Ȼǳˣ͵ĸĸء
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ҲҪԹϣҪɣΪȥ̵ġ
˵һҪĸס
鷿Уܿ컭һ֦ͼ
⻭ֽϣһݳͺⴰ߼һ
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⻭һɣװѺ֮ǽϣڷӳȤޱȡ
ԺޱȵصҶ黭裬ѾʤдŮӣʤӣϡҲûʲô
һ˵ţһ߾īδɵ֦ͼ޲óȥͬҫ

ҮҸˣ
ԣӦҲʹˣ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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üΪԼе, Ǳ˵顣
ڷ鷨, ֱָĥҲʲôˡ
֮ذ֦ͼ, ȻŮ͵, ҲҪܿҪˣصԺĵһ״һֱ˵Ҫ硣Щ, Ե, 㻹Ҫʲô
һֻҪŮ˵ϵҲժļơ
ֶе㱡
ô, ûԼ
ס˸׵ֱ, , ŮҪʲô, ҲҪ, ֻҪһһ, Ůͺܸˡ
ŮĻɬ
̲ס̧Ůͷ, ˵Ҫľһֱһֱĸиһ𡣡
ǱԸ
ϱ̫̣, òһ, ص˼, ֻٳһ㡣
ֻǸŴӸĴ¶ȣǸξ
ǸξзһУҹѣҲ˼
һֻЬأȴһֻȴ֪ʲôʱŻ¡
ʵۣŮŵֻҪ룬һ˾ͻԶһ𡣡
ͻСȹҪޣҲԼ᲻á
òѰ飬׾ͼˡ
̲ס룬иŮɲУ˳׺סڸС
Ů鷿ʵǺá
ĬĬ˸Ƭ̣Щ˼ز˲۾뿪
Ҳ֣սб׻εҪˡ
״Ʋؿڵ˵ξֻһ¡
ⱻظʱˣꡣ
϶ֻ˵µĵһ̥ûˣĵڶŮ
֪˱ͬģܴεʲôʱ
Ÿ׵Ļ֪ΪʲôȻ˵
ӭŮĿ⣬ͳص귢ô£εҲˣҸ룬Ƕ˵ǲǾһˣȵٷֿġ
˵ţ۲ŮɫƬ̣ЩСĵʵòã
⿴ŸŵСģ׹ΪʲôҪᵽε
ĸ׹ȻΪԼ磬ҲȻʧȥݣ⸮ѹ
ԲıĹ겻䣬ԼģԼ⣬ԲԼ˼
ǻͻ֮ǰ֪ô˼ôƣ⻹ɴشӦ
Դ֪δǿҪֶθǹԼԺ󣬱оŭ
ռԼô꣬ڲһйλƾʲôԼһУҪˣĻ
ǵùȥ꣬ÿһαԼڹ
иĸ࣬ǹ£ǶôĿģȺǶôҫۡ
ʱıԺУֵһ㶼ÿ֣Ϊ֪Լһ졣
һУҲԸι
ڿζԳϵΪ֪飬ﶼ޹ıҲֻռӶᡣ
ϱ׹ȪİҲ֪
Ϊʲôڸ֮ȴûȪΪҽΣ
ϱҩʯҽΪʲôҲóȪһΣ
˵ҪСģСĺֹǧ򱶣
αˣ˽ˡ
ˣֺ⡣
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ӣΪŮΪˣ̱˵ҲǷҪˣĻˡ
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˵ҲеؿڵҪȭҲ򵥣㸸ÿ֮󣬶ڸе䳡Ȳһԡȥϳġ
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˵꣬۲ɫԼĻ⶯ֻùȻҪ˵ʲô飬ӱ֣ͶӦ
룬Ůȥϰǿ壬Ҳ飬Ҳü
ұȷʵǹϸˣôĿӣһʱҪҲѡ
˵ţȷʵĶ
ţӵصʵڲеĻŮԻһ𣿡
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һε¼һ
ʱһͿ˳µҪһȥ֡
ֻҪΣյʱȻͻΪĹ
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СҪģɵǰ
ǰҪʱǺεȵķεȵĽԱ֮ھԽϧ
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ֻһﻹûʹأӾҪŵˣôУ
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ԿţԼҪһƥҪʲô
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⣬һ⣬˵ҪһգŹȥԼҲúáô
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˵ţҲ˸⣬ȴڶԼ΢Ц
Ҳ¶˴ЦݣӴԺһ˾ֻҸֻԲʵף˵òã
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⣺Ӵһûյˣ

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԰
γԼԺӿ첽ȥ
󼸺Ҫϡ
С㡪ĸղûнȥ֪ﶼʲô
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С㡪Ŭ, ЩҪˡ
ĵ, ʶԼʧء
Ų, ۾غһ, ۾, Žѹȥ
, רǼ˵ʱ, лζǱΧϣվϵλá
˸, Ŀ
ҪŲл⿤һ죬ǲԼݶῤŵһ죿
üֱҪŻѪ
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ɾʲôʱ, ȴ
Լ֪ھǸȫ֪Ϊ, ô˵óԼȷأ
ӣȵȷˣͲ֮
˵Ǻ, һȥ
εһ̵, ﵽ˽ȥԺӵĿ, ǻŭ, ȫ˲
ĿԺ, СһľϾ
θѾ߹һСֱԶԶسǿһֹۣһ䣺쿴ͦء
ʲôͬû壬ʵ
ûʲôС˰峵
Ҳ֪ǳʲô£ȥһ¡
ⲻǱˣǱöѩԺС֮һ
쵽ĹԺͲȻɵǴʹƣػأܽԺٺòˡ
֮ҲԺӡ
ȻڲˣǴ磬Сһ
ЩͲҪˡ

һԺӣݺüȥϷҪȥ
Ѿͷϻضѩ̹Ժ󣬸·ʱʹѡţŰѻɫ϶ˡ
⿴õѣöãָһ˵ɡ
ѡԼõ·Ѿ϶ϲɫǡ
ѩǵĹȻû
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ѩ˽ԣ˵СͲʱ顣
֪ˡѩ˵ֱͿԴ˺⡣
ǰαװôãһ뿪ԺӾ¶˱ԡ
ѩ˵ǲãһʵȥ׵Ժͼ²ʲôɲôѾȡˣʲôˡ
ţֽ̿ʼ
ȵŹ󣬾ȥС˯һ
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ǰĿλŵʱǸƽòɿ
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ƽͬһ𣬱ȸλභöˡ
糤ţֻ˵ƽ԰أȥɡ
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ƽҲڿ̨ϷͷмĶԱһ֣ͼˡ
⣡ƽĹһӣϲϲӭˣϷʼˣСҲˣ
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һԼ幫Ϳس֣
ƽսĶǸõˣڴǰο϶ǲᱻ뵽ġ
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⿴˼ӣֻ̲ס˵ԭЩҵҲġʵ̫ˣǸ˵ʲôرõļ䣬Ҹĸ˵ˣ뽫ĳҷ⿤һա
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ƽ۾תתȥӺ޲̾ͳ嵽ȥ³Цһ
һ֪Ҫʹδڣͽнƽס֡
ƽս˱⣬ʵһʲȥȥ

һ뱦ĶУǰٴθֳеĳ
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Ҳ֪ûпհ̫ãѸٵػش׻û˵Ѿ𣿡
һ˵ţһ߿幫
幫ڹУЩϢ϶
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ⷴӦʲôҡҡͷûС
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Ϸ̨ϣһʮͷ꣬Եȥ
幫С̾Ϣһúܿϧ
ⲻԼǵõȵˣ

ƽңĶͷרħ
ʵϴЧԶԶȲ
-
ʼͼ壡
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
37566714 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 84 
̫Ԫ, Ĳ֪ڼꡣ
μһ, ˮļˮλṵ̂Ӳͼ硣
̰ǰѾ, ȹ
ȻѵŤˣȴס˱ڵĽˮ
ˮˢֻʣ½¶ͭţͭɵʮֻͭţɶٶ˵Ķ˹, ̰ӽ֮ʱ, ϰꡣ
μϵİԭţӣȰꡣ
ɽһˮȴţסֱֻӱòӰ
ļˮŲĵ̰, Ӧǧѩ, Ϊˮлɳ, ԻǲѣѾվڰߵ˷ࡣ
ԭֻһ赼ĺӵ, ڱ, ֱͨͬĵطЩǵˮ赼Ҳڴ˶ζѻ
һֻͭţԱ͹ʯ̨, һԱԶ
Ƥܺڣ¶ֱҲһ㶼Ĺ١
ڵũҺӡ
Žˮ, ͨͬĵطһ
ˮ̣λǰζռĵط, ڱˮ, 
ǵ, ǰβһߵĿƾε·ӣֱɼԺġ
ڴٷ֮ǰֻһľƷ١
μ꣬Զ˽⡣
ҪˮҲѰҪ༸뷨
ɼǰҲʵΣҲû˰취
ʱλͬߵƮȻ
ߴһ֣ͽǺò˹ģҪʮ˰ᶯܶľʯ˽Уס᧿Σĵ̰ӡ
ȵЪִ˽ˮͨͨ
ֻͨƾǣ֪ҪķѶٹܹڵ
ԱǰζúӵĺΪˮεĽˮɶΪ󼰣޷¡
ֻμϾֻΪԳİӣȴе
еֻҪֲôʹͻתءٶȼؽЩ˳һ·ͨΪ꼾ˮλǣȻĺ
ʱ䣬εˮλͽȥ֮ձ겻ͣҲδپ̡
ִ֮Լգԭĵ̰Ӷӹˡ
ҹʱ׽ӵľʯҲˮٽ֡
ȵ̫ͣһҲڳ׹ȥ
վǰλ뿪ˡ
Ա͸һӹ̵̰ӵ׳궼ڵһ֣ǶȹΣʦͽˡ
ˣ
ȻȺһɧԱǴӽջĿ⣬԰
ͿӰƮȻǰİθߴ뷢԰ףɫ󣬺׷ͯգһ˫۾ޱȡ
ߵνеѰϲ֪Ϊδߡ
һ˴Žɫһ˴ɫ˿ǵĳࡣ
ߵ˶ס˺
ɽ¶ͣǹ߳ɽҩҩũҲҪСĿ̽
ȴȫҪһʹɽƮȻ¡
䵽ƽϣٳŲʵ죬оسɴ֮С
˼ҹʩΪ;η
˿ټⷬƮȻ֮ˣƶԼɡ
ɡɣǷ׷׹ǿͷ
ʦͽͣڽ԰
Ավ£мسһ֣ǧﾡһС
һͷʦͽ˱תźӰƮȻԶߣƬ̾ͲӰ
ڵϵİŷ׷վȻھ̾ɵ
ͷԱԼԼ˵𣿡
ûɡԱ³һԶʦͽֻǴﵽһ󼰵ľ硣
˵ʦͽȷʵ⴩ʱյˡ
źӵƬ֮ǱһӱԵڵȴ
Ǹ괩һװϴһͬʽһߡ
һˣʹӳԯһ񣺡ʦλʦ֡
ɡɫﵢգҪץһ·ˡ
ǣʦʦֵӦ
ϳĻ˴Žɫߵʦ֡
ʦֵָ궼ڳǵʦ
ߴ΢΢ҡΡ
Լֲ꣺ʮʦأ
ʮ˴ɽʹĸӣֱġʮʮҪܵĶȥӷɸ봫СӰᰡ
ʦʮЩʮʦ˵һھǵǡ
ﵢ鼸գסʦ˸Ÿʦһܳľȥʮʦȥˡ
һ⻰Щεҡҡͷ
뵽С׾ʮܹȥҲ˸գ±۾жֱߵĵ˵μһͨˣˮܺת
Ҫˮһͨ¡ߵĵһڣǸƽƽ˵пⱱܼԺȨĴ󣬾ȻֱӰһƷĹԱƷ١
ݸ۾Լĵӣ˵ȥ˾ͿԼԸԸܳˮ׽ˡϾɽѧˮѧ˶ʮ꣬Ҳѧɣѧѧˡ
ߵ˹Ӧһǡ
±۾ԼЩӣѧϰķ򶼲ͬ
ʮԺʹ㲻ͽû뵽˸Сʮģֶġ
Щ꣬Űߣ͹书ˡ
ֻҰףɵضȹһ뵽б䡣
Ҫȥѧģ֪ü

ϣҶзһĵ¶͹
˺УһСȦ
վǰűʣʼþûȥ
ѩ߹ֱѾûı÷
չԺŮʲôӣǻ᲻֪˼
ѩԣȡеıʣЪһҪǻȱˡ
š֣ǰ
ѩֵù÷űڳʲô
˵ǰ£Ѿ˳ظˡ
˶֪̩µ˳Ԫ۷Ϊһ졣
Ԫ˵뽫ĳһգΪһ
γʱ£ҲɽƽڹŮȦȰȵһ˵״ˡ
񰵵ȫЦģһ㹻գ˲
˵ӦǷǳɲǣôüأ
ŶѩȰ⣬ֻ΢΢һЦû˵
ⷳղܸ˵ġ
ӹ֮һֱ˼Ѹס
ȥֱӱܿǳҪô˵أ
ֱ˵Լ˸ΣμʱΧˣҪȥʧЦȻ̧Ůͷ˵ξܵ档
֤ԼξӦģ֣Ϊ˳Ԫ۵İΣȥǰŲ顣
ǲʹѵΧ϶Ϊһܲ鵽
ײڰ״ϡ
ǰŲ壬ĻֻʲôͻòɿأξҲȫʧȥȻ
ڣ˲֪£ûһаԭеĹ켣
˾ϣҪľξΪѸףȻҸ˰лס
ѡҲѾˡ

⣨룩ˣ
СףҶӣ

 85 
ߵƲʽȾϼ⡣
ɽͤҲճɽɫ
ߴз, ͤ˵°ڡ
˼ɽ, ֻлż
ͤеοţѾվ, ڳƾԶ
ͤӶĴϣŨܵ䣬һֻѩƵè
ѩ˱, , ڸȥɡ
ľϲлеԺ
⼸˭Ҳֱлɽ, ŷںɽܾݵ㡣
лСŽͤ, ᰷ʱ, ԾͰղСһһȥ
£ѩſ, ߣë
ѩߣޱ, ﷢
Ұ˼죬ȻҲûбࡣ
ƬҶһ, ǰװ׵Сèһֻ
һߣһ߿ͤӵķ
˲֪, лϰ·ȽѾá
Ҳް, ȥͬѰûʲôͬ
֮һֱû֪, ҪŽ, һϲ
ѩ°͡
ԭǸӣǱȴһˡ
Լ뿪֮ǰΪһģҲûлˡ
׼õͲȥЩźġ
ڸʦʲôʱ
ȥţʦĻظǰ͸õˡ
ᰵûʦʲôΣա
һʦ̵ģʦıֻ߲ͣɽʦС
û˵ǣǻζ飿
£ϵĶ
ѩצشֱϣߴƵһ
ᰵͷѩͬ
ˡ
ߺֹһҲڻ°ˡ
ЩʱˣϾʣԼȥɡ
ţͤﴫ
̧ۿȥֻлеĿڵԼȥ
ǵһţһѩһŽ˧Ծ
ѩжûӦ֮ͻ˵ط
ᰴͤлѾʯˡ
лУѩֻڰһţϣִлеϡ
ſôطϲĻле˫ȡ
ѩһлжһ٣Ц纮÷ǳ
ͷҲ̧ض԰˵ûбˣӰһš
£ԾɳӰرŽ
ли˱裬ҪߣȻǸ˵˵ģҲûɾ
ǰҪߣԭлҲһѾˣǱ⡣
лаõĲŵǰ
ᰶŲ豭ҪȲܻߣ̧ժˣϡ
лпһСˣȻǰᰵСҲ˹ȥ
Сﲢվţǰ䡣
豭ָеˮḶ́ǰԼ뿪Ժʲô㣿
򵥵صʦ
ллصʦ㡣
Ĳ豭󣬱ڻˮһھܺꡣ
᰸Ҫ²豭лζصȢģҪôƾҪôƾѫ
ȡȿȣû뵽ôɴͱ˴ֽһʱ䱻Ǻ
ûߣϸĺҲΡ
лûгЦᰱС꣬Ƥ
Ҫۼܹ۲ϵġлиҪԼȥıһְٰ
ᰲǺȳĲˮ۽ΪǺȶ΢΢졣
Ҳôģֻѧ䣬ûʦָʦһѧˮ
Ƕˮڽˮ֮ʡ
лҲýһ㣬ԺһȥͿƸΡʥһᣬһӰȥҡһͱһԱݲСҪͶϣǹһͿԳˡ
ҲС᰷֣һľֻ䡣
ƾȥξս²࣬ͨʿ𣬲֪òϽ졣
лȻ֪ģ˵Ժ·Ҫôߡ
ҪʲôҪԼȥȡġ
ǺεȵݣҪлһҪıǰ̡
л¸˲裬Ȼ˲豭Բƣϣ֮ʱ˭˲ʶ

Ļ£ϾͿȥԺʱ˵
԰СźĲڰĥīĻüбѾҲ
ҪԵİҲʹ۸
СѾǿűµĺҶͣһС
á
ǰá
ǿѹҲ⣬֮ͣ˱ʣԼĺɻ
ƬʣˣǷɡ
ݺϲüҵصүȥǰԺ˵Ҫ͸
ûüݹӲ֣£˵ߣȥ
ѩԺ㲼ã߱ݺ軭üš
Ѿͬһ𴩹԰߹ȣǰԺ
һͿǰԺƥСվţһСǣš
һ֮£Ŀͱˡ
ƥһƷãףҲóδԡ
ⲻɵ˹ƥڵСԱߡ
ƥС崿ڣֻǰɫ⣬ȫѰһɫë
ɫѩ෴ġ
С˲μ
ǣС˼˱⣬ȸ
ȵС˲վ
ǣźɫԵС˶ԱЦүΪѰıպһ꣬öʮ˿
ԱƥϷŵɫСҲһġ
ţ̲ס̧ǰС
С˳۾ܴ󣬱Ůִţ˳ؿ
ֹƬ̣Ҳˡ
ŸǴһģָָָ̧ߵСԣ̻ϲؽһܹ
ֱֱسŵɫСͣԺͬȥ
ĲһοСǣһԼȥ͸һˣ
ѰƥŮѡһƥǶ÷ǳ⣬¶Цݡ
˹վСԵı˵Сϲ
ζѾԴСǣιƥС
⻹δ˵ξһصŮϲýллס
ⱻĵŪ̲ס΢Ц
һĥ֪γ
״Ӳ˱ˣҪȥѰȻѰƥ
ϱʱ򣬱Ѿׯȥˡ
֪ϱʲôҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻҪһƥС
֣׵Ŀ⿴ԼҲһЦ˵ллŮϲ
˵ţָԼĺɫСʸףСҪڸ𣿡
šɫصڸͷҸʱ䣬䡣
ͷ˵Сչš
⻰ǶǣС˵ģӦǣǣС뿪ˡ
ת˵ףŮҪһˡ
Ļϴѣȷʵ׼ŵӡ
ΣϣܹǰһвôнСġ
¼˼յӣȻ
Цȥɡ
ֿ⡣
Ȼƻļƻ˿ǰ˷·ʲôҲûзӣȵʱ⣺Ҫһȥ
Ǽ磬ʵӦôڸﲻȥ
ǽǸʱ㡣
ǰڳʩʱһŷ룬ϱӵĽƽڽղڳŷġ
鶼֪˳롣
һȴٳʲô
ҲҪȥǸصš
ŷûǱˣڣξҪȷƽ޹ϸ
ˡ
αƶԼ϶ԼԼǲԼһȥ
û뵽⿴Ƭ̣ȴ˵ҲãҲãǸóȥߣҾ͸һȥɡ
Σ

ҺľǿҪ8.1ſʼ£
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
Joindy 10ƿŮ 3ƿʡӰ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

8.1ʼ
, Ѹ, ûиηӦܾء
ԭ֪ҪţҲҪ˸ȥġ
Լ, á
Ѿţݺͻü, ͬһ˳
Լλãĸŭ, ֻƵһȥ
ݣһ˦ӣͿʼǰ뿪š
ڳϡ
Ѿ̬, ľѳ, ˡ
ֻһ, ôһ䡣
, Ĳҡнҡηϸ΢졣
ɫع۲εɫ, ոԼӦõʱ, Ǳҭסӡ
δȬԺ, ӾͱȴǰҪ, ǳԱҲǰ¶
Ժӻ, С˻رڻ԰ܻı֣һֱۼһ
ü, Щá
ⷴӦ, ⶼԼѧˡ
áڽб, Ҫȥ, Ҫȥʲô
ңȻˣȻ˵û£˳εĻ˵ҲȥЩ㡣
뿪ڵԽǱߣԽ֡
ʻ͸ӴУ⡣
ں԰ľ״ܹƽڴˣ˼̻ΧţҲͬʸС
ţٻһµĻ棬͸ÿʼ̬ˡ
үү˵
ʱҲֱһҲ¥ٴż䣬Ȼͷ۲µܿܿ뻭
Ǻ«ˡǺ«ˡ
һؽߺǺ«С߹Ķ
ҪҪʱ򣬾Լô˵أҪʲôȥҲǿԵġ
ֻΪ㹴ͷԸ
ʡôŷ룬ָŲͽһ
ע仰˻
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôţ̬ȣǲϣԼ
ƶο϶Ҫȥʲô
ڶϷأҪһͷɱһ˳Ȼˡ
Σ޺һЦձǳǳСӳС
˵ҪҲ֪ʲô㣬ȥ˿˲֪
ɣҲ޿ɺǡ
û˵ʲô
ڳⲱϹŵ׹ٴӳεС
Ŀ⼯档
ӵ׹Ǳ⣬ȴõ˿ռˡ
ͻʱûл֤ƽǲǵõ׹ˣҪѰȷһ
Ҫǲ˯˯ȡ
ţջĿ⡣
⣬Ѿ࣬ߵĲҲࡣ
нٶȲ죬ǸҲֻȫμ
ݺͻü΢΢ͷŲġ
Ǳֱ߱ͦĿбӵضǰߣֳĿ⡣
˴һݺСǰ
ɲǡüӣǻء
֪˿ˣ֪ı߲ǿˡ
ΪܳŶˣҲͲ̬һģҲæֱ֣ͦȻǲܸġ
ţĿһµؿᡣ
ͷϽػӶǷµģ
ճʱȴûˡ
㿴ü̲ס˵Сһ𣬻᲻ʲôִ
ܰɣݺ˵氲ģӦల¡
ִǲãôҲ˵һ仰ûڽ̸ϵ⡣
ΪѾߣȻű⡣
˶ÿڼúõĻҪòһҲˡ
һ·ûһ⣬ԹԵĥԼպѡһҲ¥ż䣬һע͵˳Ǳĵ̡
ͣݺͻü˵طվԶ˵ǵˡ
ıǳһûץ˵ĻᣬվԱߵһۡ
ݺͻüʾص˻ȥ
ˣ
عǵĻǶ˵Ǹ³ˣ㡣
һ·񣬴˿ѾԱ߰ɡ
ƿݺͻüæ֣ű
棬Ҳæ֣ССġ
վǵͣӼ֮ĵط
ھֺţ۷꺮ͷŶӡ
ôˣһʱŲǣ̧ͷ˶Ĳ¥
Ŷӵ̫ˡµһߵ˵ȥȥһɡ
á
δӦúܸɴࡣ
ǳ¥ģΪڶ棬ڡ
ϱӣŷûڳˣԼ˻ǡ
ؤһڳʧ¥Ҫ֣ȴΪϵĴ̱˶ݺݵش˳ˤڴӸĽƽǰ
ƽһԵĻֹ˲¥СŹСؤ
ŷѵƽŮĸ㡣
ˣŲϲǾָŷ룬ȥԡһЩǮȥβ
Щ齭ƽԼǲ𣬻κȥġ
һŷѾȥŷߣЩ̹ҲѾκˡ
ǽ֣ξ뿴Լµֱʲôӡ
ţһŶ¥ȥ
һԭҲϣݺ軭üȴְס
Ľ㡣ݺͣ£Ƿ֣˵Ƕȥˣ治ûŶˣ
ǡʶǲԼȥʱݺͻüŭĿӡ
ǿߵˣӸһȣ
ѹеŭ𣬷ʵ˸ôһ˳Ŷӣ
ǵҲ롣üҲŷ֣һЦС˵ҪģǿֻǸһΪСѾߣ϶֪СҪʲôģǿɲ֪
ߵĶԭߵ¥ſڵıͣס˽Ųˡ
ȻֻһˣݺͻüȴǺá
ԼҭһѣûԼѾҲµ˼
οҪǲߣʲôɣû̽Ŀˡ
ġ
⻹ûü£Եȴһڡ
Բ˵ü˵û֪ҪʲôŶӰɡ
Сԭ⣬ǿεɫֻܰЩ˻ȥǡ
ԭظһ泤Ķ顣
üݺսݣ־ػص˱
ڱ⿴СС֣οҲǲֵһᡣ
һĻȴǡС
¥¥ٴλϣƽŹӿһĻ̲ס͡һЦ˳
û˿λãξͱơ
ơƽ֣ί
ǰлӣ
ΪҪȵܼΣˡ
ǰʹƲɣ⵲ȥû£ƽȦ飬ھйŮû֪
ôȤ飬ű˵˵һΣǶź
αСƽԼλ֣⣡

ͣд尡ҹȥʮдˡ
Ҹִ߲ͬɡ
ԸӳԺҪһУԾ̣ܷ
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żʮÿֻûޣ¿ʼÿ޸ǧַų
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Ǹû߾½ſ
еȻҲ̶Ҫűޡ
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лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

8.1ʼ
ƽÿ¥Ҫż, ֱڶ¥, ܹ棬Ҳܹ¥
, ε˿ûо⡣
ֻĿڽƽüģսƽû, üĹϾ
ǿΪڽƽüĵɰ벢ڡ
һǰһü˵ƽҲ׹ˣ
СҲ, һʶֱӰλ쵽˽ƽ
ƽȵ˱⣬ȻԵС˵, ʱʹĵ, ҪЩСˡ
Сɨ, µЩƤɨ, ЦӦǡ
ƽµ, ÿ, ԼѾڵŶ, ¥, ˵, ӡ
ƽϵãûʲôɵ, θƽ
ƽҲһ, ǵſҪƢ, ͬһ˵ŲԼĵط
ڴص, û뵽Ҳһƽľ
ýƽû¡
ƽǲΣǶԱ˵ƽʱ㲻ôóˣ
ƽﶼڼͬͣվˣŸһ
ѹ֡ƽ˵㻭ôãƽĿ๦ˡ
ܲ׾˻⣬ʽƽȲģǸһҲģ
ƽĻˣӦǰ
عסֱȵȣʲôҲ
ƽ˵ţĿӱһֱתϣҲģ
ɫ嵭ӦǣƽϷ˲Цݣ˵⵹˰
СȥܿĵʱʹӺСˣͬʱظһ²衣
ݺͻüźĻƣǵ裬ˮݹ꣬ÿʹá
һСƽһЦ˳
ôˣЦñЩͷԣδͷβԵؿš
ƽһָݺͻüЦصѾ߽пءŶǣǰˡ
⻰˵ġ
μƽ˫۾ԼɨʵڸѾ߽пʱλ᲻ҲӦһ
ⲻôŶŸɣǽƽȴⲻһоɳ𣬴Ҫݺݵӡ
ԭ˿ӣڿж˶٣쵽ƵСˡ
С˷ǰİ״ſƽ˵ôˡ
Աߣϳ費ſӵȴ
ﲻɵ룬ΪԼƽ׸ġ
ԼҪƽ
ƽգգۣûθո˵ʲô˵ոսʲôٽһ顣
ǰ˶ǿƷζǽ֣Ļṧؽп
ָԼĶ䣬˵ٽһ
׹ǰ⻹ȰһȰƽػΡ
֪ǰʲô飬ϱׯһһӡ֤֮û˼
֮ǰЩ飬Լ·ԽԽխ
Խĺݡ
ƽάһۣ˵ôһίˣ
ǡη¿ӣµһֻսˡ
СС֣˵Ӧ̡
ǰǸһŭԹױ
һŽе
ƽˣָŶ֣˱⡣
ԭԼһΣά
Ͼ⵽ˣұǼСۡ
˿̱ԱߣȴĿͶ˴⡣
ڿŵûע¡
̬ȾýƽףǱҲȥάΡ
ǽ棬еԼϵֱƽһ£Żعͷţ
ƽʵʲôôóԵģôԣ쳢
Ŷá˵ҾǸղſ棬һʱ񡣡
ЩĹӣžͲȫǱسġ
ǲϵصĺɫӣͬʱص
һ¥ϰ˭ˡ
ǱϣŷĲҵֶֹķ
ӵƤѾãӨĹñš
ŵСӣһг˳Ȼζ
ƽܣӽ֦ϱ˹ģǱ߳ˣһ·Ҫۿǹ󣬲һ𡣡
³˹ˣһó˰С
μĶĿŶһ¡
֦ڱȻټϱĸ£궼г˵ϡ档
ֻбŻûмľٶ
ƽһű⽫֦ƽƵʵ⣬ʲô
ԽƽƤһЦҪȥһ֣ܻܲ
Уȥ֡ƽҲЦҪֻˣ˹ӣҪȥԡ
ᵭصҪֻ֦ҲҪ׼
šⵥͷ˵档Ҫ׹ռһˣ֪Ҫóɴ
ƽ˵ȲĹֳˣȳ԰ɣҪǳ껹ԣԭֻӴ֮͸ӣڽףˣʶһ꣬Ϊףһ
⶯һ٣֪Źǰ˵µĻᡣ
ȻƽһüŪ꣬תΡ
ΡǰŮԼʵصǰĿһųǴúܣڷ㲻Ŀˣʲôʱ򣿡
֮ɫƽǺ⣿
ûб˼ƽ޹̯̯֣ͬʶһһʡ룬鶼Ҫֵģ˶ûУ鶼õѽҿµϵģȥݱԴҵԼֲǡ
⼸仰˵Ѿҭɫࡣ
ýƽǣξȻûзȥȻš
ôûݣƢҲһûˣ
Ƿƽʱο϶ţǽղͬ
ûãͷڽŷڿ
ǰԼ˼
Խ۸Խ踺أŷУƽԽǿɶ
ԽýƽɶվԽûпܸһ
Ϊ˳׶֮Ե֣ãýƽԽ˵Խ֡
ŷŷڼԺѧ£ŷЩҵҲһֽѧŴ
¥Ѳӵڶ¥Ѱ
ǰƽ¥ٴλãһһྐྵӣŮ˼
ˣױġǵŮ
ǵȵ¥ʱעȫ˱ϡ
̩常صˣڳΪΧȹˣŷһֱС
Žƽ־ļңԽԽ䡣
εãȴȫûмֹӣǰԽƽǵøѾȫȻӰ١
Ŀ䣬ǰһ̧֡
Ҳ常ŷ
ڶ¥źСٶ̧֣̾͹ŷķԸٶң
֮ͷӦǣȻȥ
⡢ƽƽμҵòУͣ
ҪЪһͼոոϲ˵СֶڸղŵĹϹС˹ˡ
˶ע⣬ƽС˵ʹ˰ɣûҪ
ûСϴŰɫĲֵǲ¥ĹأλλλͶҼٶҽˡ
˵ţ̧һָڽŷ롣
˿⴩źµĿĮȻǵ˵ͷ

ƽ˭
-
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
sesamefox 5ƿ36379834 3ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

8.1ʼ
ŷĵһ, ƽͲˬˡ
תͷСĸĸ⣿
Ȳ˵ϱ˳Ԫ۵, ˵˵ģ˵ˣҪʱ򽫹, һ;, ⲻҪǶŸʲôһͬ͵˵

СһƽĻ, æЦŰֵ, ٶҡǿɲĸĸ⡣
ٶôƽһۣٴεڽŷ룬֮ջĿ⣬ЩͷСʵҪʲô, Ҫͣ
ŷڽλϣŽƽĻ, жŮԽûкøС
С̲סֲ̧˲, ĿͶչ̵ıΣ϶Žƽ͵⡢ⲻ͸ģ͸λ
ƽĳ, СʶǱǵһμ, ֪ǵݡ
δ˿һǰģ, һйȻԤϵһ
ŷ, ȥһŸмǳЦ, ģ
ŷȻŷ룬һΣͼ
ϱԽƽһֻҪΧͻΧ
εǰ룬Ҳǰŷ£ھֱˡ
ζŷ봫Լĸмתͷ򱻽ƽΪѵСصСлٶ
ǡ⻰СæصͷȻ˳ˡ
βٴƣŷҲͲ׼ʲô
ֻǼ⻹ڿԼһ˫ͫĿ⣬Ҳͬ˵ͷ
˿̽ƽҪ֣һ־Ͱס
Ҫˡ΢΢ŷԽƽСŷ˵ӡ
ŷֹȻʹƽһĸ֣̱㶶һ£ֻȻŭδ
úúõľ֣ƫ֪νˣ´Ҫҵεʹţ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ƽգջ֡
ѾһǰľŽƽĹҲûȴ˲ӣʼƷ֦пһȻء
ߣƽһ˦ӣͷȥ
ڽŷ£뿪Ŀ׷ıӰϡ
γΪڳξȹ
⣬Ȼϳˡ
ŷı仯󣬱Ϥˣһʱ䶼޷ͬǰǸ洯̵ϵһôһϳ
ƽ£ŷһ߾صСи常±˲֪˭ӣɶѧ
ԭ˼ȻƽĻһ뷽ŷֹ̬ȷʵĶŷӰӣʱ̲סŴɿһ
ƽĥʵ˵𣿡
˵գ֦һ㣬ǵΣһС˵־ּԼŮѾŶ˸վ¥ϳԼ˾еֽˣҵĸˣˡ
š֣
ԭλΪƽٴεһۣһ˦ӣ¥Ķ¥뿪
ȽƽӰһʧϣҲԱ˵Ҳ߰ɣŲŶӣӦҲѾŵˡ
⿴˿һûжʱʹϹݺ軭ü˵ЩˣҲһ
ǡѾߵͣϲϲ¥ʱʹϹǺεȽϷŵĻûˣҲǸڸˡ
ͬһȳ˲¥ȥ˵̡
ŵ˲ģǸѡЩõҴظ
ͷɫûȫ£ļ׼ʼˡ
˯Ժ󣬱̫Ժĸ˵ȤڷΪһ𾭡ȵ˵ҪʼˣŷĸԺ˻
̫Ѿ˶
ҲͻǰЦݵͬһ볤˵
˵ݲѾТڣܿͿ԰˵²ٰˡ
лڼһж׵ġ
лԨţҲǸ˵úܡϲ֣ͷͷǵذŵҪ£ǴԺӸһƸҲúú׼öأʱǼҿɾкһˡ
лڼŵܵܵĻתͷ˵ˣֵܿˡ
лԨһæֵҲһᣬųס
лڼдЦһɲ㡣
лԨ˵ʲôͿĸͣ˻Ÿһ
̫Цݣкþûˡ
ɡӶϱŮֵ̧Ǽ磬ؾн
ǡ˵ĸ˵ˣռ磬ҶɢЩ
̫ɱԲĿվŵתһȦ
ӶϱڵģڵģҲģǸģΨȱСӡ
һ̫ʵжأжղ𣿡
ġЦ˵ԺԶЩߵһЩ
СȷʵΪȽԲϲϯЩϯǼ磬ϯŵĶףͬ˵ģҲӦˣȻǻġ
ⱻ̫ţĸԵλϣĸĸ׵ĶԻ
̧⣬Ӱ֣ĿǿôϣӰҡһ£ƬҶӡ
ҶƮ䣬ڴӵ¶ë߹Ůϡ
Ůûע⵽϶ƮƮǰߡ
ȴɵϿȥǷï֦Ҷ䣬ǿ˰ᰵ۽ǡ
ϣҲѩͷѰδԼͬӰںΪһ塣
ѩǴͷβһߣצӹ·᲻뿪ƵģԾԼߡ
ϲغǶȿ֡
ллûһ࿴⡣
뿴һ£ⷢһ¡
Ŀ⳯߹ᰵĶһ¡
ѲԼ
ȷʵǿ᰼Ȼˣ˵ҲܿҪˡ
ջĿ⣬ùŮո͹ëĸ֣̣֡
ⲻٿᰲһ
Ҷµ¹Уϥ£װ½ѩ˳ϡ
ѩشϣóСι
ɣлߵˣ͵з
ĿһһеĽҪʡ
ûзĿ
ڳ˲ĲԼڵع⣬ⳡսѴ
ͬȣһֱһᾢĽƻ˽
΢΢һô֮Լ˵ôôһͰνʦܣ
άͷȥ¶Ϸ˫۾ɵ÷ʦ֣
ʦ֣鶼Ҫ˵ﲻ̸ĵط
˵ת־ͰѸԼһѩϣʦһ뿪ȥ𴦡
ʦֵܶĺɫڱ¼䣬һõԺ
ƿһȷţȥҲ˽
վڷУڰֻд͸¹⡣
ժߣǰվŵ̧֣ͬժ¶һſ
˰Ƭ̣Ȼ̧һļ
һأûشᰵĶ
˵Сӣʮ겻ɴˡ

8.1ʼ
ͱȰᰴһЩ, ȴ, ²ŷ֡
ᰲͬƽϣֻʵֻʦʦأ
ǿʮʦ࣬, , ᰶҪΪʦ·ϳʲô, ֻӳһ
ڽϸʦ¿, Ͷ˾ʦܵѵصһģʦλʦֻʮڽˮˣҪټա
һˮ
ǸȤǴʦܵļ磬˵ġ
ͷʦֵط, һͷڵȵҲˡ
ĺɫ, һյǰ·, ӰԶн
ǰŵĻСˣǸлźˣϻлȥׯϱ컨, ͱߡ
̫վͣ񲻱˺, лԨæָķ˵ĸ㿴, ˡ
ˣ˳Ļ, ̫ЦеسǸȥ, ӰȴûεӰţ
𽥻谵˵ĿȻģȴԿǰСˣںȴˡ
һʱ䣬˶סˣĿн˹âеס죺ǡ
ɫӣϵɫ߼볣죬ݷѩк÷ļѹӣڵȴлС
ĺɫȴϵâ
֪ڻָ֪ÿնڷԼϰߵˣɴ˿̿ȫҪ˲ߵǰҲһ⣬һϲ
ֻһѵ죬ȴȻվмŶӡ
ԣҲŲĴ¶ϲվ
ˣѰҽҩΪ˫û֪˶ٰ취ûָȴһߵǰ
ھԲ˾ϧӣڽ֮󣬾Ͳǰ覡
нȫһԿ˫ɵߣٲˣ
лڼлԨҲȫû뵽յܻܵһϲУ˾һı顣
Ρ
οлżд˽ޱȡ
ΪߣΪһһˣ
һֱлҲǸ벻εķˡ
ıԣвǣҲزơ
һôָģ
΢΢
ͬһ𣬿ǵĶӴ˽ͬ漣һվǰӵĿԼϡ
Ҳѣ뵽˽ϰߣ˶ٺˮ˶ٿ๦нһĻΪˡ
лпΪԼǣҶǵĸĸֳãȻһ°й£ĸסĸסŸɴ°ݣųһ
һ·⾲ֹʱķǰվ˶عμ״Ҳѹо˾ϲӡ
ж̫ʱڻعһĺҲҪ
̡ԣĸӼߵľϲлعæַĸһѡ
ڵд湫ֱŽԼĸڵƻӳ¶һǳЦĸҡ
ҿ̫мּòס顣
ɱŴ˳ǰĵƻŵָ̧ĸΣжĸһߣ񡭡
ĸΡлֱ̧֣̫Ⱥˡ
̫Ҫȥæ֡
ó羭ʱĻָϰȻѾܹߣȵǲȳˣ¹ԺЩʹҪϰ̡
ⰵ룬Ҫ׼Ȫʳ׹ռ߲˹Ϲ
ȪţȶȻһǿһա
ȵ֮գܹͬһڸ˾ϲһҲǵ𺳣
лиеϴůͬһ˲
¶һϲõЦݡ
һڳ˵ķӦлб֪Լܡ
ȫûнϰߵͬκ˵ԽմҲŻ⾪ϲ
лվֱԺٿ˶λϲؿԼĸĸֳ
ĸΪϲ֣лѹô֮ڴ˿ȫɢȥ
ڿվԼļ˵ҵȿŴʦѾκˣӽԺҾͿѰһߣҪˡ
⣬ϣ̸ϵʦֵܶ´ߣ֦Ҷһһ
ѩſ˰ϣ°͡
ʦʮ˿ƼɵؼԲһĻߺ󿪿ڵԭΪѾָȫʦŻɽ㰡
ᰡһŵһ˻ϲΧԵĻ棬ǻشʦ֡
ле˫Ȼָѡڽռʱ˾ϲصǳٲҪΧ׷Ǻʱܹߵģ͵͵ϰ˶ã絽㡣
һ⣬лжһһֻȥе಻
赭д˶Ҳ֪ǶôĲס
һʱޣһʱЦϵһֱûܷ
ڻϲ˵УֻĺɣЦﲻ۵ס
˽ƽѾųҲͻϼˣûʲô仯
仯ľлС
ȲǼ򵥵ˣҩʯҽȼ
Ҫߣǵõɵ׹
εĿлеüϣҲǿհһƬûеõ׹ռϵıǡ
ӣҲӵõ׹ռ䣬ͬŮӲһأ
벻겻ڸλ磬ⱲӵġԼʲôӲ׹ųܣʣܵľࡣ
εϱԼܵõ׹ⱲҲпܵõ׹
еˣӴ׹Ļ
һ㲻д
֪Լ֮ǰ׹ѾҪôܽıȥ
ţ˾Ʊл˵ϲ磬Ҿһ
ֻϲУεľҲͻأлǵͷá
ľƿˣ絹˾ơ
лнԼľƣͷоһ
Һһ˲䣬ŻݶĮ룺Ҳǰһˣ׹ͻ֮

⻹2ŵһ3Լ6000
õҪˣ5·ҹյʱǵأ

8.1ʼ
Ա֮, ϲ¡
оѾ, ΪлеĴã˼ֻЦ
ĸֲ, óԼλӣĸţԼת˶Աߵλȥ
, áлԨȵк, һ
лжռĸĸ׵Ĺػϱһһģͷβڲͣôõġ
ţ̲סеɣвЩС
ôõģǴ׹ȡȪˮκõġ
ֻԼţ粻֪Ҳ֪
л˵Լĺת, ֻΪǿŴʦҽտ, Լκˡ
Ŵʦ̫òھУɽеɮѾмİ
ĸ, Ŵʦȷʵλɮлڼ컨, Ŵʦҽ߳, ˣǰ컨ڳŰ, Ҳҵ˷컨İ취
ԶԡлԨ˵, Ӿ, Ҳ, λŴʦѽ
ӷ𡣡̫ŷ֮ˣɽµĸɮҲ¶˼ݼ˼
˵ĸҪ⣬Ǳȥɽ¡
һ˵ţһЦſСӣɽǩվʦ˵жл῵ܿйʱұˣжܺãͻȥΪܽ
̫һ۾һ˵ãȥɽһˡ
˼룬Ҳһһ
ȽȬлϵĽ㣬̫ȺԺʲôɿڵģ
˵ûУ˲ŷͣЩ
леһãĲһȥҲſ
ܾôҲûЦݣҪ
̫״Զϱ˵Щ׼ΪжҲãЩʱձ׼ĸʮ٣þʹжȥһĸҲ֪жѾˡ
˳ǳŮ󷽡
Ϊ̫࿴⣬ԲŸƸϱ
˳ȻҲǹ֮ңȴѾû伸ƾǵĹҪЩʵġ
֪Լô޽ģЩŶʮֵТ˳ҲþͬĸַǳãӸһһŮ
˳ĳڵңĳȻƽӹȴҺȢΪܸɵӣЩ˳ҲЩɫ
ǰֶŮ͵СסǱʲô˼Ҳ֪ġ
ɩϣŮһлпУͼ޹ϼס
лȲУ˳Ů޹ҲͲǸʡ
леȺˣٲͬǰ
˶֪ǺεȵҪڼ֡
̫öϱ֪Ϣ֮ǰʹȥҲ̬ȣ˵رǵŮûʲôᣬǱ˼
ǣĸסҲԼĶȺˣ϶Ҫȥ
Ů֮еǳͻһǰúࡣ
̫ᵽ˳˵ʮ٣ҲǸպҲ뵽һ㣬ϸƷζʶŻе˼Ӧһǡ
ǶϲıãȻ£˳ĹϵӽܣⶼҪӡ
Сô꣬ı¶ҪõġжˣȻʲôõġ
ŶϱķӦ֪ԼĻ¶ңҲе⡣
ѧϰ£ָ̫ߣĸ˵£Ҳѧ˺ܶࡣ
˿ĸĸ֮ĶԻҲеһ˼
ֻ򣬵Լĸĸ֮Ĳࡣ
öĸĻվλ˵飬ǶȻ˵ĸôõġţͿ̫ԼһۣĿ⺬Ц·ڸеѧء
ҲŮ˵ԻԺﻹûдȥĸһͬһ𣬶ȥҵĳ
æǡ
˵˳˵ٳлڼлԨҲûš
ֵܶ˶һЩƣ΢⣬лڼлУ˵ܣȻˣҲڳıְͬ׻ҸһΪЧ
лڲʮ꣬ճΪҲǸԱпΪǰ
ʱһĸӶڳЧȻ˲ɱ
ܣлб̬лԨæ˱ӣ˵ɱģڳа¶ģҪ˵͸һȥӪ
ӪZͳţ߾ǻҲԼʲô
лԨкѶĺӣ̵صһȥӪеһǾͿߡʱ򣬶Ա龩ʳ߱鱱ɽˮ顣
һ˵ţһЦ·Ѿֵܶ˽ͬУɽˮʳû档
лڼⲻϽӸʮΣžƱҡҡͷ
ôлԨȴԼϽҪܱ̬ܵѡҪŴ绹ǸŶң
лû˵һЦŴӸ˵Ϣ˵ذ˰֡
˺ˣ²üΪǵܵõ˱£жᡣ
ǸȻѾˣлڼлԨҲûʲôġ
ֱֵܶ壬ͬлһֵһԸ׹˵һǡ
ȻһĸͬΪ٣ΪΪЧ˵ǻϲ
һԼźҲһĿ˱ϣпϧҳûŮٵȻĻҲԸһͬΪ٣Ϊı
ֻ˵˱⣬ȴûἰΣлڼڽ龳ҲûӲҪѸ׽ϡ
ⱾǸ׵һпʲô
һȻ˵ڳ٣ҲһΪǵġ
ۼʱ򣬿Ϊǲ࣬
οȻûйְ̳еЩ¡ǮׯеĲƸȴٲȻѾǹĴܳʯһ֡
ƹܡ⡱ҲһޱƵġ١ˡ
ԣԣƴЦ˵öԡ
˵ţһתŮȻ볯Ϊ٣ǽһ£ȴҲܸһġ
һ˵仰ϯıβԼͬս֡
иֳĵһͷǣˣ
ȻЦٹһʱգˣ¾Ҫټٹ٣ˡȥʮ꣬ΪǴǴȥģҲȥСѾͷҲһȥ
ãлԨһ˵ؽкãתͷߵıǿɵץʱϰˣ硣
ûÿһϰлҲãЦ˵׽ƥСͷȥׯϣͬһϰ
šæͷ˵ġ
ȻЦţȴǳأȻͬξ﷢չһˡ
׹Ӧ˵ҺԼξȵõԤףܹ
ţεϲ˵ǣŮһúϰġ
˵⻰ȴǶ˵ġ
㣬һǸϱһĻȥҪƥ
ƾҪѧӡ֮ʣȻȻ뵽Ҳлһȥ
һ侲ʶǸѵĻᡣ
ле׹Ҫ׹±֮Ҫ֡
ûпõˣóȻͻᱩ¶Լпʲôɡ
֮գֳɵֻҪһЩֶξܰлдȥһֽ١
Ӷˣһһƽúܡ
Ҫһɥ£ͬϱһ
һʯһ˫񣬿ͬʱﵽĿꡣ
ţһ˫۾ڵƻԵԽϲ
ϲڱУ񼡪
˵μӦͨ£Ϊλôģ
ʧȥ֮ʲô¶еķʸΪ˴ĳĿġ
ͨǰ֣Ѿܽһɡ
ʩҲãҲãһ
һΣҪҪ䡭Ϊ˳¸ȥμ
ȥʲô
ѵԼһҲʱţ

ҸоԱ˵һĻ˾
⣺ڲ¶׹¾ƻߡ
Σ׹ƴάߡ

8.1ʼ
, ˶˺ü
̫ϱ˻, Ҫȥɽ»Ըɢȥ
ҹɢ, ˮˮ⣬ҹ
ƻ, ̫ȥ, Ҳǰɢȥ
лвҪƲԼס硣
ͣ½ŲվԭػͷûߵѾߣСܵԼߣ硣
վ, ͷ, ¶һЦݡ
ںˣ⵽ڻûϲòС
Һ˶, ȻҪסĻϲ, ġ
ѩүү硭һӵ˶ˡ
ÿһοǺúõ, ;Լػһطڴˡ
һҪܳɹѵ, ͺˡ
áлҲõĻϲȾ, Цֵ̧һ, ߾͸, Цôʲô
͡ǣлԨҲЩȵشͷˣСС⣬Լ߻ȥҵԺӲŸͬһôҲ˵Ͷ磿
һ˵ţһ߷ĵſ˵ܵϡ
رƣһӾͰԼˡ
ûв룬Կһۣͬһ֮ȻԺӣҪȥʱҪļƲߣл滻ӱԵ
뿪лڼǰѶܴܵı
ˡлԨվһܸ˵ῴȻȥɡȻֶ˵󲡳
Ӧˣ˱ɢȥ
԰ҹҪ࣬ŸС߹µˮͷ㿴ˮӳСŵĵ
һ·߹лжûڣ͵űԼ˵⡣
϶ûµģɽߵԺǰˣ⻹û˵ű˵ˡлһüѵˣֻԼ
С˽Ժӣȥơ
ܿ죬ԭֻ¹ԺӾͶ˵ƹ⡣
лվԺſڣԱ˵ҪԺ𣿡
Ȼ˵ģԼҪˡ
ǱķӦٴγϡ
ˡվ̨ҡҡͷˣ͸ͺˡ
ûˣл⣬һ䡣
ûˡȥɡžת뿪
С˵˵ƣС׼˲裬ٳʱ򣬾ͼһվűߣȴڡ
ӡǰңʵȥˣ
šлӦһȴŵŹֵЦݣֽš
һ·û˵ҲԺȴԼȥʱԼ˸ֽš
Ȼص鷿ûڣлоڵƹ´ֽš
дʲô֣ȻʧЦ
ôأдҪԼЩʱ򵽺ɽͤȥ
лпֽŵСǾڸԺ˵Ļ㣿ţεҡҡͷȻֽڵյˡ
ԼԺӣƽһһ飬ϨƵʱ־Ͱ˳ȥȻӹ﷭һѾߵѡ
ѾûԼݣǴǰȴûӵ
´ͨСѾߵѣ½ǣذѹŹϣ򿪷ųȥ
ҹǶѩ
ѩû˯ţ
¹£ֻһָԼһС
ѩ˹űװ磬ɵʵȥʲô
ָָ棺Ҫȥ
ѩæҸһȥ

ôˣ⻹ѾѳţҪȥʲô¡
ѩɲһ˳ȥ
á֣ԽһȥԽױ֡
˸ֹѩţһʲôźڡ
ѩģֱ֤Ҳ뿪ȥһҪ顣
ѩ˱Ƭ̣յ˵ͷǿСġ
ӱݶ֮󣬾ѾǴǰıˡ
κ鶼Լš
õ仰ͷ˵ˡʹ˳ȥ
ͷ¹ãԺӣȹһ·Сܡ
·϶ûˣ˵ûе¹ȴǰ·Ųɿ죬źɽͤȥᰵһμĵط
ڷɱУҹϣŮ޷˼֡
ոſڰֽŽ磬֪翴˿϶ðɽԼ
ȸպãܹԼ취ǾԼҪ벻Ҳ١
СܣȹڻϵĲҶһֱܵ˺ɽͤԵĴ¡
ͣϥǴһȻվֱ塣
ҹޱȣɽϿ˸ϵָӽ˼֡
¹·
ⲻ⿴õԶլۡĲ֡
̧˶µͷ·
һзڴת󡪡
ȻԼһ˫ǰ۾ϷԼ
һصԺͱлȥ˵Լںɽ档
ҪֱԺģôҪɽȥأ
ţл˵Ҳ֪ôҪԼںɽҲʲô˵ɡ
ôһ˵ᰵĶͺ
лԭڵ¿飬̧ۼⷴӦЩЦֻ˵ȥùã鲻
ԼѾһм䵱ֽˡ
ǰᰵҪˣлҲ֪ôˣŰתϢ
һϾڵʱ䵽ڷֱס
ʮ궯Ÿոհᰱȥ÷ûʦ˵ʲô
ʱһţԼķϢʱʮӦźãһתͷͬȵظȥ
ļȰ᰺ãǰҲᰲŷ֡
βСʦܣʮԺȥȻһ·Ծ˺ɽһͣ¡
ʮɽʯԶԶؿţͿиСѾߴŮڵ
ԼʦͣСѾǰʮ̲ס֣ʯͷϿǡ
һʮģЩ򵥰Ȼҹ˽СԶԶؿűģЩ죬ǰĶһʱ벻
ʦŵһУʮҲñⳤÿɰ
°ͣôɰСŮߣѹʦ˵ʦ·ϣһʱܹȥǵýһһ
᰿űϴŵѣЩ㱡
һμСѾߵѣѾϱӵˡ
͵͵޵ʱĺ
̲סڵʲô۸𣿡
ⷭѵʱûô࣬ڰһʣǳʱԼǴһ
ûСæҡͷû۸ҡ
Ѿǿˣ˭۸
ֻ뵽ðһε£Ҳɵ΢
ʮվԶţ̲סֺһ
ʦܵĶСŮϣ϶עⲻԼվˣҲúܷĲӰ
ֻСŮʦܵӣԼһ²£¹ӳ˵Ӱʵúܡ
¶أݵһ¶ˮȥЩ΢ʪɲǱ⻹ǰᰶ⡣
Ժ󣬱ſڵҽҪæ
ʣʲô£
̱ԼʱҪ뿪顣
̧ͷ¹¿ǰЩ˸Ρ
˸Σû뵽ҪԼ˵ͷġ
š־ȱߵĲݣʹͷ˱ˣһЩڣǶ㣬ӦòҪˡǰЩ˸Σμ¡
Ȼһһʮظ˰ᰡ
ռ磬ҵ˵֮Ҹλ綼ͬһȥҾ͸еܲá
Ļǳü⣬ֻοֻɺϣοθʵ෴ģ㲻ùڵġ
ҡҡͷ˼¶˾ġ
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˵ȹ֮˶ֻ»᲻ˡ
ᰵʱ⣺㻹˭˵
ûˡҡҡͷصҶ˵ֻһˡ
Ƭֿ̣ڵׯϣĸϻȥ֮ǰҲԤ׵ġ
ΪԼζеĿ΢΢ȣҲ׹ΪʲôԼҪɽлеԺ˵¡
ҵξƾġ˵ҵ϶£ûа취ʾ
ֻ֪տƾظ˵š
ñó֤ݣò
Ҫ˵Լڱϻ֮ǰѾξָһֻԵĻ
ᰱԼĽֺʲô
⿴Գ˼ּȵصһȻȥߣҪ㿴ҵҪʱ־
˵꣬ЩؿŰᰡ
ĵһѡȲһҪ뿪ôҪ취
ҲȥŷҲȥұˣҲ취ͨòø׶
Щ᲻ᱻңⲻ⡣
ǣ˵ֻĸı䣬Ҳں
ҪֻǱסԼӵˣıǵˡ
Ա󣬰ᰵȻҪһڴӦҪͣҲûйϵ
ֻʱлеĳȥ϶ڰУȻҪһϵݣ־ʱҲᱩ¶ԼĴڡ
͵лʱһȼľ
⡣
ȴΥʦ
Ȼס˰ᰵı飬εȵϤ
һü֮ϸ΢仯֪ΪԼΪѡ
ʶֱҵΪûйϵ㲻Ļҿȥˡ
СҲ;ܾˣҪȥұ˰æܽԳм
Ҫ÷ŵȥ˵ˣǲͻڱǰ¶ܣΣգ
еǣô죿
ᰲԼֱϴݹ¶ȣͷȥŷֱָԼֱϣǻûвһ㡣
˽֣ٴκ
ʱһδƷ
һ̧֣ͽסǸһСʯӡ
ⱻĶŰŤתȥӣŷֱԼţæջֻ֣ͬһתͷʯķ򣬾ͼһӰɽʯ˳
⿴ǸƵĺɫװһ֡
˳˻ûиһһѽ˵һģһˡ
᰷֣εؽһʦ֡
ҹ˹ֻе֪࣬ɽʮһ˵ţһ߳ûдŵǰɣ
ڣȫǽڡ
Լ⣬ȫϣûע⵽ʦָҲ֪˶١
ʦ֣۾ǰˣͬ͵ʦ֣ոչ
ʮղԶԶؿţ;ñ졣
ߵԣʶϤôˡ
ⲻǸոһڼʱ򣬸һͬϵλ
롣ʮվİᰣСʦ˰
ЩʮɫҵôСŮСŮǿ
Ϊ˸棬Ѿߵˡ
᰿ĿԼϴתֻ˵ʦֲҪ룬ҳҪҰæ
ӦᰵʦžȻѾˣ
ǲϾҪȥˣ
ʮеĵ٩оԼһ֣֮վͱó
ɵЩȻһԱ˵ΪҪʮĻȥǣʦ;УҪһʱܹ⾩ʦܵġ
һ˵ţһִ˰ᰵļȻ£ҿǸոʲô⣿ʲôͬ˵һ˵һҲһ
˵ţֻ˻ΰᰣͬôʦֹ˼ɣ
СҪ˽ôܰæ
ԭҪҡͷǰȴǼ˾ǣüͷɿˣ˵ʦȷʵ԰æ
ǽոͬԼʦ˵ˣֻԹ˱鲻ᣬֻ˵ԼΣա
ƽֻϳ³ãڻʹأڸаᰱǵȵºᰲǰЩ޳Ī
ʦֵܵĽͬһװ˲ʱصͷֲʱԼһۣ˵ˡ
ű⣬ɣʮĴӦҲҴӦˡºߣҾ¡
͵ʮɽʱʦͶǰʦڣȻʱҲܰ㸸һȥҿԡֻܷģʱ¾ͽҡ
⣬¶Цݡ
ᰣʵģ
šᰵͷ˵ʦûƣ˳ظߡֻ֮ϣʱ㸸׶Ȼµġ

8.4ǧ
һ3000ģ

8.1ʼ
ڶ, ļųһš
̫˵׼ȥɽ»Ը
һΪ̫һȥƽҪԳ˼ֺƺƵơ
̫, ͬһ
ʣµϳͬз̵ˣΪɽɮ׼ɮ¸ɮЬ
Щһװһɽµķȥ
Щ֡
죬, ǿȴϵƮϸ
ţҲӰ¡
ӿͷһƮǵûн, ѿеĳ
ַ, תͷĸ˵, ȥɽ, ²ܿʺˣ
ʺҲ, ̫ʱ, ʱܹ͵
½ĩɽµһҲѾл, ֦ͷֻʣҶӣвʺڿ, ĸ鿪ҲǺõġ
̫, Ǵ顣
˵Ļ, ۾ЦеؿŮӦܼġ
ճ꣬ȴ磬ǳʺʱ
Ҫȥɽ£ٲҪɽիŻģûʱȥͬүүˡ
СȥͬһˣүүԼ첻ȥȥԺĸ㡣
Ҳ֪ʱЩʱ򣬱϶ʱʱԼﱨ
Ů͹ĸ㣬С˵û£ҿڼұѹ£пҪˡ
ӳ˳ǣﻧѾ
˵ϵˮҲ׿гЧ½ϵղԺִȥ˳Ԫ۵ּ⣬õؿַܹʳ
˵ܵûңվǱȲȺ⣬פµõġ
ˮЩٵķҪؽҪʱ䣬ڸлĵδѡ
Ǩ֮£ЩѾǰȥѻĵأֲʳҲǸѰһ֮
ЩҲҪǵԸ
ϾҪ磬뿪Լ汲ĵط˶Ը⣬Ҫ
񻹲֪ԼδΣҲ֪ǰΰʱն˵
ϳı־
ͬǰһͣ˹˴Сԭعķȥ૵صŸм
ͬһϡ
ĶǳڳԵ𰣺ͷôˣ
ǰӶ˵ͷЩڶ񣬸лΪ¡
Ŷһƿӡ
ȥȻ涼ǺѹѹˣһƬһƬĳ߹¡
һʤ߼ԼŮղȥƹҲ¶Цݡ
˵жܹ˳غΪ
ǼЩ££ͻر˶ϡ
˵ţȻӦǡ
ĻÿһĿЩһ
Щ˸лĿȻûʲôϵ
˵ŮָҲǱ⣬еĹȫԵġ
ûġ
ԱţԼСӺһ̲ס߷߲ƽС
СĴʩ࣬Щȴֻǵÿû֪Сʲô
δ۾⡣
ںֻʱҪô˳ؽлԡ
Ҫܹӹһ١
ԭҪûͻȻð磬ǴԼجΣʾһ
ȵʱ취ȥǸ򣬺ܿѣӶӹһٵԭ򶼹Լϡ
򵥵İ취ڲˡ
ҪлУͲø˶֪µ
Ѷȱ𵥴ʾҪ߲֪ٱ
пõˣҲܹƲߡ
ƫƫ߳˲ġҡֻܹڸЩõˣõĲһûлշļƲߣҲɸΪ֮
ҺãĵҺʣµʱ仹а£취ˡ
˼йǰ֪˶ãеͣˣȻµɽѾˣβŴԼ˼г
վ֣ŷ
һ·ϣμżԣ岻¼˵طֱûԼӦϴˣڵ˵طͺˡ
ǰҲ̫
̫վ΢ʪĵϣͷɽµɽš
ȻڶԼ˵̿ʺ磡
̫ȥ磬ȻһʺɽǱ߿Խ
ʺţɽϿգԵԽĺΰ
ӷ𡣡̫ЦȻǷʥء
ȵҲӺ̫˵߰ɡ
Ӧһǡһ˿ʼɽȥ
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ɽµĿУߵ̨׾ͷ
̤һ̨ףôдһ
ӻ񣬷·𵴾Ϊ֮һѡ
ɽŴ󿪣Žյ˲ࡣ
̫θߣٸһȺʹӣɽ¡
ɣǸ˲ͬ
ɽסֿվʦ̫㣬ſڣ
ӷ𡣡
շɽסִһģЦе̫ͬһ񣬡̫
ʦ̫վǰ벽
˫ֺʮҲͬվʦ
˶վʦλͽ˵С
ĸԣſվʦͬĸĸ˵۾շĴʦͣ
ɽ¶˵İͼı䶬ѩˣǺŷҵүүڴ˵طġ
ֻǱֻŴʦſվʦİġ
վʦͬʦܿŴʦȫһκǽ˿ŴʦţҪȸ£ȴҪڿվʦϡ
ҹںɽͬ
ᰲӦΧ£ҲͬҪٶʾ뷨
иԵļƻҪø裬˾İ취
ɽ¿˵ָơ
ⶼ֪ιעõġ
ɽºɽ֪һҪʾҲмƲߡ
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ǩĳ棬̫Ҫȥɽ»ԸվǰȻͬѰҪ͵ǩ˵̫ŷ
ҪһǣԱ
ˣܲΪǮҡǻҪӪһԸɽ»ֺ괫еĿվͷǾͲһˡ
վڵУᰵĻ·𻹻ڱߡ
ſվʦڵ̫ͬԽɽµֿ
Ȼ㲻ɮˡ
֪õ飬֪һжǹ鹦ʦܿţվдϲΪҪɽ»Ը˶ɮ£һ˫ɮЬһҪΪķܽ
ЩɽͽӣյǮҲ࣬޺Ѿ
ֻķ棬ҪܽĺķʵǶࡣ
ûһܹôһóôǮˡ
˿վһĻ̱¶Цݡ
ӷ𡣡һϹ˵̫ƾ٣Ȼӯʢ
黰˭ϲɽµסֿ˵ͷ·˼춨ĸоԽ
ȷǵ⣬վʦĿⲻ˱ϡ
̫ߵŮ̫ͬ׽ϴλİ
վһ֮£֪λѰˡ
֮ʢɽҲõ
ʥŨջ̩ǷͷվʦҵһֵĿ޶󣺡λؾǿɣլʺڳΪʩֵ飬п˲֪˲ΪƣĿҲˡ
űһͨÿ䣬䶼Ŀ
̫ǿˣɽµסڷоں˾͵ķ浹ǹ
˵ЩǱص֮Щ仯˵ģô˵Ҳ˲
ҿϱӣһǺܳԵġ
̫һЦҲ˵ơ
ڴˣǰԼͬʱɽ£վҲô
ϻλúļ黰ǲҪǮƵһһҹϲҲɽʢʤ
˵ЩǿµҷԴˣ档
֮ǰûʧȥλãʱվЩޣȣξ;òȥ
ߣɱ⿴ȴǶЩú˳ġ
վЩ֮־һǮϲÿվϵĺҲ֪յǮѾԼȥôõˣŻ˴󷽡
ȿվһͨͣʱ̫Ե־˵֪µĿŴʦڣ̫һŴʦԸлκСӵȣҲͬŴʦһ۷𷨡
ָ̫ô꣬һԳͷ̿ˡ
һ˵վǰ̫һֱ̨ɽޣϵʮ־ġǰ˵ǿԣҪӦ̫ҪʦܳС
ˣ̱ʾʦܾʹ̫ȥ
Ҫȴȥ⣺
̱˵׷ģŮĸȥչ˺ĸ
Ц
βͬվ۵ĺһ˵Ůĸס
˫˵ãԷֿȵŵʱ
ĸߣɿվʦȥ˿Ŵʦڴ
̫ͬԼʦ̸վԾԼɲó뿪
û뵽һţҲʦ
վЦе˵ӷ𣬿ôͷ̫
Цҷ𷨴ǳĸͬŴʦ˵ĻҲ󶮣ΪҸ׳𾭣﹩ţסִʦΪѰ徲֮أҳд
ҪվȻӦá
Եĵȥʰƫñʹá
ڵȴļ϶ЦʵôͻȻ뵽Ҫ
УҪҪ˵
΢΢üʦãǳ𾭲Ҳֻ԰ʵ档
˵˶٣վ飬ʦܰһ
ʱȥʰƫСɳֻˡ
ʦԿվʦһ񣬡ƫѾʰˣƲˡ
һָ̧֣ƫ˵鲻ʦƲƫȥҲΪҽ󡣡
վʦűջص˵ǿŽأʵһͣҲù
ǰʼҪǩһЩĿģ⿤Ҳһ
վʦ֮ǰ͵£ֻ˵ã롣
Ƚ˵У⽫׼õǩֱӵݸ˿վʦ
վʦ֮󲻽ʵǺ⣿
˵ʦǴˣ˲˵ҪʦΪһ֧ǩȻǩ˵¸ĸĸס
Ҫǲѣվֵͷ˿еֽ
ƽԣǶϲҪϷȥ
ֻ˵ʦֻҪæڸСгվȽŸʱǮȻǲٵġ
ӷ𡣡վ⻰Ǿˡ
ֽֽõȫдġ
Ҳдϸκΰѱ
̾ϢĿ֮벻ţ˵ûаҾͲұ֤ˡ
һЦʦǸɮ˵Ļôܻûţǰ˵ȻãⲻǾӦ𣿡
վȷʵмˮƽֻҲۡ
ԼǩĹ˵ҽнʦҽн棬û뵽⡣
˵ҾͲſﳭˣдֻ֮Ҫҵĵӣͻﳤ
ͣ͵ſھͣס˽Ų
һתصǰṩֽʳ˳
θһҪ˶ֻ֣ҪվָӲþУʱõ¡
μ£ɢǶ˵ĸףȥߡ
ɽ·羰ãҲûʲô˵ȳ룬ԸȥһҲá
ͷӦãֶĺúõظС㣬ǳȥ
뿪ڵԺӣеԼֻɽй
ɽµٲȻѾǴܳĹ£ɽԺӸ˾ס׹ס
ϱй֮ҲСסΪרĺ꾫
ĸǶＫϤԼҺ԰ͥŲֻΪǴǰСԶöˡ
һΣȻڿв׽һͣ˽Ų·ѬȾ
ĸ꣬ȴееĽ걻ƽ
һʱֻ̲סǺڵ٣
£ҪѰҹȥеСЩ
ȴȣתߵҪˡ
ĴҴңԭΪˣȴתͬײ
αһײ֮£ǰץסûϡ


XXXҳˣ
ʮߣˣˣٽXXXˣӽ쿪ʼͽڣ

8.1ʼ
С㣡̴Ӻ˹
εķӦ, ǰץסԼ, ۾
ץײԼϵŮԭſ, ڿıʱȴΪü
ĸڹZµĿһ, Ŀдżа
˫һ, ŮϾǱҡ
һƭˣȴƭ˸һ޵Ρ
ſҡֻջǰ
еԼץۡ
վһͿԼС϶˼ۣС㡭
ԭɽӦûʲô˵ȣȴײһӡ
ıܵػΣǿϵװǸ, ϡ
²ʶ, ҲʶҪ㿪
ǴתǴĲ߹, βǸܵ, ײ, ӦŭŶԡ
⾩еŮϲʶһ¶Ľɫ
Ǵ󵨵ֱ, ǺߵƿĿ⡣
ֻǰոײԼŮ, ԶԼɢһɵִ, һ˿
ֻ, ϲǣӺݵ׳ֳ˲ͬĸоɹע
ɽµŮͬҳһģ͵͵ܳ֡
Ӹոı飬϶ʶԼġ
ǰһķŵξ͸еˣͼһˡ
ȴվԭأԸǰãͷؿ
ϱڳ֮ǰûмδ˿ҲϳԼ
˵ŭ͵һЦ
ͳʵ˭ҵС㣿ܣײҲǸ
ײˣײһײ㣿
ǰȫҪװ
ǰҪ飬Ψ
ûдһ·ˣҲͲҪαװԼֺ
ηֻ֣ص˵㻹ң
ǵһμոԼŸɵĹ
ԭ˵ʲôĿεӹмطЩݡ
ƻԭòһװ׵Ĵȴ覴á
ϲȱ
еȤڼϵİ̺ʱȫʧˡ
οĿ⣬ζеޣֻһ̧סԼ
컨µļ̺ۣĿ䴦
˭ϵ˰ַ̣ӦζûôߣΨ
ϱӳԪ۸ָ飬޸ӣ˵컨࣬ͲԸ⣬Ȣ޽֮ǰ͹̧
ҲסһֱɴҲͷ¶档
ֱһգԼĸͷĿԼݡ
Ȼϵıӷɾޡ
Ⱳû׹ײϴ̵ӡ
зߺͬʱҲԽҪû׹
ҪϱǸ覵ԼȻ޸һֱҪ޵Zڡ
硣λһ
̳ǽǵķȥɿϵŭɫ
ԭΪֻû뵽ZҲˡ
ǰԲҪαװ
Zǰȴ⡣
Zϲ˵С׻Ůӡ
ϵıת֮죬˲ʹӸղŶԼĺüԱ۵׸ոȥζٴη
ȤԼǰצΣĵǰȴҪװ
Zǽ˳ڿߵʱЩ⣬硣
ο۽΢΢Ũܵĵ
ȻǺһ㴹۾һ񣬽еZ硣
ĸһڣͷ·صϱӵŮʱڡ
ZϵãʱУϲԾZǰͬ˲ͬ
һZ硱Ҳ޾ڴ
ѾǿҪĿڣøĳν
ڼZʱȴȻżִ֣з
εȴţȻZǰǰӦԼ
̧ͷʢźεϲá
֪˶Ϊʧȥݣ̬ȸı䣬ZҲһǰ
ˣʲôݣ䡣
Σ𣬵ͳдһǡô󣬡ĵܣλǣ
С㡣Zͬ򵥵ؽһ䡣
αȱҪһЩԱԺԾģ塣
ԭС㡣𱡴εһζ
θԼҲһطֻZҽͬĸĸɽ»ԸԺд÷ƣԳߣѭZأ
ǰεݻĿڸмԼʱ򣬱
ʲôҪչͬԼ˵仰
Щͱòô򣬼ԼһʱֻԶԶ
Ǳ˴ǰZҲӦͬɽ¡
ȴû˵ʲô¡
ΡŶһҲʶȤûжʡ
ƫⳭһ𾭣ǰ
ԱĶѩëñ֡
ոһŮֻжѩһ˶Ժ
֣ѩī͸ķ𾭾ϸϸһ
ǴҪ͵վʦȥľģëȡһƱ
ûбܻ䶬ѩѩҲʡ
ƱСһȦľ˷ŶԶѩ˵ͷ
ѩ̽װˣ˺첼õ˵⡣
վʦѾ뿪ڵŵľǷʰƫСɳ֡
ӷ𡣡СɳּѩľԼǰæš
ѩ̵ݵϣ΢΢һСʦ
ʩġСɳֵźͯСɮȥ
̴ƫ뿪еȣʦڵľҡ
Сɳ˽һʦ
϶Ĵʦ۾˵°ɡ
ǡСɳ̷ְǰ˳ȥ
һߵòӰ⿴ԳֵĴʦһվ߹ȥ˾ҵš
ȻŻصǰҿ첼ǾչƱ۾ų˹â
ӷ𡣡
һǳһŰ޴ƱС
ǧһǩԼʵ̫ˡ
ƫ⣬ѩվԭأȥͷ𾭵СɳӰֳ̨£תصڡ
˸˳ĸʦ̸𷨣
ǵġѩĻӦű߿˿̫ʦ̸۵ͷϣһʱҲˡ
ղﳭ𾭣ڳˣܲ
ѩ˿ɫҿʱ仹磬㿤ȥߣ
̾ͽ飬ɽ¼Σûܻ½ŲĴȥ
˴ƫ̫Ŵʦڵ
վţ˱߹һ
ַ֡ͷ˿Ȼ˵ƫȵģöѩĴ䡣
СȻǲ͵˼һסġ
ƫôãѾܲˡ
Ц˵ȥɣһת̫ġ
š֣߲Զģܿͻ
˵㳯ѩ˵ͷһ뿪ˡ
ֺЦĿС
˵·ϸ¹꣬ڳеȴȻȣΪû͸Ըơ
ɽϲͬͱȱҪ죬ټɰɭɭ⡣
ѩţͷ˳ûиߴıڵͿؿͷա
ǰɽ¿ĲʺѾɢȥˣձϴ
ҪվʦʵʩļƻѾһ룬ټϰʦֵܵı֤˿Ҳհһ硣
ѩԣűǽµߣ̧ڶͷϴա
˼ǾúȤһЦ
ЦѩҲɵø¶Ц⡣
ӡУѾûȻؿˡ
ֹͣ˺ˣת˸ס˶ѩ֡
ŶѩʼǰСܣŵĽĶ졣
ţѩĽŲûʱҪԼȥ
СʱԺû£ͻŶѩﵽ̽ա
Сһ˲䣬·ֻصǸǵʱ
ܱЦͷѩġ
ѩҲſصűֵرܡ
ڿܵͷʱ򣬱ٶȴһ
ѩûӦͱŽٶȡ
ͷţ·׽ʲô
ѩĻΪղŵıһȥȴʲôҲ
Ȼתͷ˵Ρ
һε֣ѩ¶Щɫ
ҡҡͷεûıʲôڡ
ߡ˾ǹȥ
Զĳ˵нŲ
ѩȥҲܿߵ
Ŷѩתֲ߹ͨϡ
ֻԶԶӰ
һΣŮġ
ԱߵһZһⲻʶ
ϴĸZȴɫͬӦҲǳԪ۵Ļӡ
ͣӦˡ
ϱΪΨһĿ޵ľ
⿴ϱһԵˣⱲȴ˿עûзָ
ȫZϣҲûзֱ⡣
ֱZͨͷŲ΢΢һʱβŸſ˹
⣬ϹŵЦȥ˼֡
תǴZ˵̫Ҳɽ£ZӦðݼ̫
Ļ뵽·ܸദȻӦá
ԭΪû뵽Ҳ˵£Ҳһȥݻ̫
˲һ̫ڵĵط
·ȫҲ͵ڣû뵽Ҳˡ
һ֣̾ͷȥZע
οűǰZһӣĻӡ
βʣZ˵̩
һ̩ĸ֣㽫ŮͬǰЩŶ˺š
ֻŮݶʧȫ͵ӡ
ţĿһתϡ
䲻ߣٴδ˫һж˼
ʣ㱻ݶ˷ţӿŮ飿
ĿһϣԭΪѾܵʵǰǽ˰ٴαҿ
ԽԽǲܱЦ
⿴ϴЦߵԼǰסԼ֣˵òĸôôҲˣ
ٺѪˣҲȵġ
۾Լֱͣһ£̧ӦĸͬŴʦ̸۷𷨣ҳ˾𾭣Щˣͳɢɢ
ε˵ͷȻתZ
˵Z磬ĸڵأǹȥܼ
֣Լһ仰ҪôתZ룬Ȼϲˡ
Zδ˵ʲôԿε㿪ڵ̩Ǹջصɣ
ûиӴһھͬԼ˵ɵһ£ŵͷǡ
ѵÿһ¾ϳҡһ˫һűȴڿΣС㣬ôˣײȴ֪˭
⻰ʶؿԼֵΡ
һ˲䣬Ҫ𣬵ֺܿסˡ
Ҳñϡ棬ộӾȻƹ
ԭ͸ѭŹȥ
ƽ飬ٴ¶ĽҪԶˣ¾ߵÿЩȴͻȻײˡ֮£Ȼϲġ
ĲҲǻҼС㵨СôһһʱϲҲġ
𰸣Цһûټ׷
˵ѭ߳ģһͷʶڿﲶ׽
ZĿϡ
ֻŮļӨϾ³ֳۻɫ
ҲΪݲͬҲͬˡ
ZȻĸ˵Ļ
֮䣬ʧõΪϲ
ûÿҲϲﻹǷͻϻĺɻ
ZԾδĿ⿴⡣
ʶԼʲôʱһ漴ջĿ⡣
˵̫ͣСˡ
Ҫ˵ϲǻ̸ϡ
ֻ˵Ƕм͡
ֻɰïʢΡ
ûӦԼ֮ǰ⸧ٵ˾Ѿûٵˡ
Zλ¼ȻҪȥĸƲɣ

ͨĴľ
ǽһԺУһ¯мȼ
һ˫޳ͣϣϨҵ
ջ֣մŵļ仨ĶƮڵء
¸ٵ˴ͬƣϵȴ
ĳͬѻһڣȴƽֱǴ΢΢ľ
ƴ࣬ӳһ˫ǡˮա
˫þ˵ȥϵĹʣʣµĲֶԵƽ
ס˫۾ȫǸӽȺоҲĳࡣ
ͫɫòֻڶҵĹвѰˡ
̧ף˿գȻùϷŵľƺ
ZԺУϷŵĳ٣
Ǵ˿ֶ̣ձҲһŮ
ƺڵٿ͵УҺԺڵ
ʱ
˴ֻͶˣƱ
¾ƺŴ
ڿУʦֶ˱ӣһһءص˵ϡ

ףȻֵȴûиϣһš
ʮߣôһ¾֣̣
Լײǹ۾ƯҲǳ
-
8.6ġ
-
׳ҪֳŵCP
ⲢƬĺһɳϷմHEֵСߡ
ʣ֧ڹҶ꣬Ķȱ֡

8.1ʼ
ӸĻҪݼ, ̫ͣ˸ŴʦĽ̸롣
Z, θһԡ
ֵܶ˼̫, ˵˻ˡ
ǶҪ̫Ҳûж
ֻǿȥ, εĿҲZȥ, ̫иֳһĨ˼ɫ
˵ǱκһģΣ
ĻӸԼӽãʱδСʶ
ǰݻǿжĻ
ڡ
̫ţֿԼŮ
⵹Ǵͷβֵøƽһûжעλϡ
̫¶Ŀ, תŴʦʦվǰĸ, ̫ʵλӽôҲ˹£
ӷ𡣡ŴʦǵϴЦ, ŷ, λ½յ, Ϊ˷컨¡
컨֣ע⡪
ⳡ컨, ĵһת۵㡣
², ˵һ, ˳˷ϵ, ĸ
ǵǰ컨ڳŰĲ״
ⳡ컨ȥ֮Ҳ¶˴ܳˮްĴȾȱֿʵ
ŴʦһһɽȥȾ컨ĲˣҪѰ컨İ취ĻҲ˻£ͬԺĴһĴ󿪷֮š˵ĻӸԺ֧֣ҲȻŶ룬⻹һżһĿ̣ĵ㲦Ĳҵ˼·
ؼڣȥȴԤ֡
ҵشԱԭڶ࣬ѱţҪࡣ
ǰͷ֣ţ컨֢״
ָȾȴȾ컨ߡ
ҵҽʦȥ֮󣬷ǳڽӴţȾţ
ţţ컨֢״һٴȾϣԾҪࡣ
ȾţȬ֮ٴ컨ҲܸȾ
ҵҽʦǸһ辶˸ȾûôǿţԴ˻õֿ컨󽵵ʡ
عŴʦпɫľηİ취ҲֻڶҲô뵽ˡ
취֮˸еඥéٿ̱ȥԡ
˵ǣھ컨˵ĹУûܹȾǱԼʵ顣
ʿ䣬ȥѰţţţȡ˶ҺȻƤԼƤ¡
ܿ죬Ŵʦ͸Ⱦ˸컨ǳƵ֢״ǰб컨ȴҪ΢࣬Ȭ֮ȥϻ컨ȾԵ˽ӴҲûٸȾ
Ŵʦɫƽ˵һУ¶һظЦݡ
ӷ𡣡˱ֵ÷·֮߹һ˲ԼǲУ˽׮¡
ʦ塣̫Ȼ𾴡
Ҳĵ˫ֺʮŴʦһ
ΪӸӥιҲԶӡ
ֻȡţĶ컨Ҫֱ࣬СҲǹ͡ǳܲסԿŴʦʱ취ܼܲţĶԣȻܹá
λָţ֮ĶҿҲǺܺãŴʦɽСס
һ棬λ̶컨֪֮࣬˿ͬ̽֡
һҲܹΪΣԱԼел⡣
ϾܹԤ컨ǻݼܳյ¡
ţķӣһ컨飬ǾһΣգһֻĻˡ
ZҲΪ˴¡
˹Ϊ˴ʼҶԿŴʦл⣬ҲһλɽĶҿ̡
ʮǰ󣬱⻼ҵľҲˡ
ͬ벻һҽΪ˷ͳΣַΪʮء
ÿһضһ뼯Ȩ
ҵһξӢ䣬ԽԽǲбӹ
ɱԼ߸ӣҵһҲ
ʮ֮һֱûƶΪĴ塣
һͿʼ
ӹϵǰεȥԺһӼ̳˵λ
ڲӿµûа취ֻȷҡ
ЩжҵĿ߶
ʩǼء˵
ǼڷʵһĴڣǿʢҲǳϲ÷š
ʩ˴ǰֻΪѰһЩǰ黭ʱϡ
Ϣ֮׿ڸԼ˷⡣
ǰZֵܶõʱ򣬶ԿŴʦġ
жǴܵĶǣǡ֪컨ҽηȻע⡣
ZһΪ˹۲ԶҵĿǷĿĵŴʦǷֻɺϣҲΪĸڹռǰ
ֻΪǰ黭ÿȥѰҪ黭
ԴΪܳԶĿռԮֵĻر
һһߵͷͶұȷʵǴܳ
ηһֱԼ˼
Ŵʦ˵Ļزȥ
ҿɽ£̱뵽Լͷ
˵Ҹղڸ٣Ǵʦ˵λסģ
Ŵʦ˵ͷ΢ЦʩͨɣСסʱ䣬ʱ١
Ⲣδ˿˶λ̾˼ֺ档
ɽ»Щ£ҲĶջ
ˡ̫ŴʦĽǶҲʰˣǾͲŴʦˡ
ʹ
Zص˹УԪ۸ŷ̫ξ԰Уֱȥ԰ͤмŷ˵ĳԪۡ
Ӿ֮տǲ¡
ֵܶǾֱ
ͤУŷ˵ϱ߽֦õĲ࣬˽õļһ𣬱ͽˡ
˿̰ڳԪǰģŷͽϵؼѹ
ͤûź򣬳Ԫ۳˳⻹ð֦¶ı顣
۾֮ȴַ˲ӣûټá
£
ŷ״еĲ豭ʵǲ⣿
˵ţзŵ֦еⲻӦ
ϵص֦ɿ͹ʱ򣬳Ԫ۶ǳˣҲǳԵòˡ
Խ½֦࣬ŷ뷽跨ؼôһõͽ
֦ǺáԪ۵صǳоá
ŷ˸ʳϡѵõĶǲġ
Ԫ۳Թ˻ԣòͺ鷳
ŷϵصĹԱԼǮĽ
͸Ͳ͸ŷ̫ξ˭
Ҫֱ»ģŷԼ֦
ÿ͹֦һֻᱻͽ
һŷĲ¥ƹݣ۵
٣ڲ¥ƹУССһžҪʮƷõĹ̸ϼʮƽļ۸
ԪֻҪһ뵽Լ̫ξͽôһ֦ҪǷͷ׬ϼǧƽ𣬾;Լ²ȥڣֱŷ֦ٴȥ
ʵ۵ϣ뷽跨ΪҪǮĵطŲҲû˭ˡ

һ3ǧ

8.1ʼ
ŷ˳Ԫ۵˼
·ġͤķ, ŷ˵, ⲻȱ⼸ǧƽ𣬺οʵת, ȥ̩ˡ
˵ţ̾ʹ湭˽˵, ӡĻ
ŷͣԼĻ, Ԫ۶̵˵ͷ
Ƭ̣Ӱ棬ŷվһԡ
ʡZͬԪ
ɡԪ̧ƽ
ȵվֱ壬ŷ񣺡λ¡
Zһ񣺡ŷˡ
ǻ˱Ĵ󳼣صͷˡ
ŷưҲһҪ滹
ŷ֣ûλϡ
ڹ, ǸԪΪ˻㱨ȥɽ²̽¡
ŷվ, ZҲû£ֱվŻ㱨Լ̽Ľ
ͬȥǸԶҿ̡Zɫƽص, ġӦǾ, ڷθ, ˲ӣҲභܵˡ
ԶҵĻ, ϸ˲, βþЩˡ
Ԫӵ, ͷֿ֮ӡ
סɽ, ߴʹӣһŮӣסڶв㣬ǱںɽһԺס¡µɽг˸٣żҲȥߣںɽͬŮͬС
ŷǵĻȷʵ˻㱨޼
һZȥɽ£Ǵ̽˵ŷɽµѾЩϢ㱨һ飬ͬԶҵͼ˵ϸúõز˵׳졣
ȷʵǼˣڵ˫۾ҲѪͳ
ѰҼǰֻ֮ȷڳѰ˼ҹ̡
ŷĲҵ
ѰжûջڿŴʦʱɽ¡
ѰֻĿܵˣȻסɽºɽĻϡ
ΪڹŶеӪ˼ʮɶ칤ֶαЩŶֻ˵ֵԭƷҲţë
ЩʧȥټƷев٣ûУҲ֪ЩƷ
Ƿǳǵѡ񣬿ⶫôҲ벻иСѾͷѾȵǡ
ŷָ·
Լ˻ر˵ϵסȴѾסʱ¶ʧ飬ŷֻڵЦ
ƿ鱨˼ֵ鱨ԼϢ󣬴ֶ鳩ķӦ
µﰵûжŷԼﶢ
áԪӵĻ㱨ص˵ͷȻָ֦˵ŷģ³һ
ʷȻ̧ʾ֦ŷ
ZĿӹ֦ôһ֮ԭضԳԪһ񣺡ŷ㸸ʣ£иˡ
£Ǽ֦٣֪ԪϲԣԲȥֱˡ
Ԫһж˶ߣȥɡ
ҲһڵܵԺֻòӲһС鳢˳ζһζҲԪ۸ˡ
ߣԪȥķȻ̸ֿûٵ֦ڽ̽븻
ūڡһ͹ʣʲôԸ
ȥԪ˵ŷ֦һ֣һݡ
ǡֹȥˡ
ԪԼǼֵǧĻƽôֵˣԼǰֻʣôһ̣ǾϽԵ
ŷ뿪Цص¸ղŲ˵óȥԵۣ
Ԫһ֣һ˳Եָۣ޶;ûôˡ
ΪΪǵĳӣŷϧ룬֦ڱֲˡ
ɽ¡
⻹ǵһɽţիñֲ֪Ҫöٱ
̫Ҳ˲١
ù緹֮˾͸ԻʰõϢ˯ٻ
ԺһļĸӶһ䡣
ӣһҡӳڴϣԵú
ڴϣѩ䣬ûбĶ
Ůɵر۾Ҫ˯Ͳ׽˴ӼԶĵط
һۣڼãֻ΢׽
ϸƬ̣Ŵʦ˵̿;ͨɣȻ١
֮ǰ˯ģǵȵ£͸еԼⶼˣɻشҲ۾˯š
ֲ鷿
Ҷɳɳһ˴Ȼ̧һԼĶ
һ̣˾ʧ˷
ѩͷҲеЩ˯⣬ſϱ۾
׹·شڵİǰֱ˲Ƶ˺ߡ
һߣԼʱѾһˡ
ڲ¥ǿ֦ӡ
֦ڱֲõģȻԼԺ֡
Ǵϻ˷Ժֽ׹ռ
ռᰣͬ˸αԼĸף⻹˷ܵ˯š
˿ռʰء
صķΧһЩҲ֪ʲôΪġ
ڰµطһԺ󣬱Ͱǿ֦ȡ˳Ȼ˵ٳһúˮһ¡
һͿҹոµӣѾ˴
֦òߣ֦ҶǵͣԵüïʢ
̲ס̾һ֦£תһȦ
һҹʱ䣬Ѿ֦ͷܵĻ
һ£ٶȣŲý֦ͷĻҪɹˡ
۲һ£֦ϵĻЩܣ̧
ÿһ䶼Ҫӵģũʱ򣬶üѡԵ޼һ¡
ïܵĻ޼ˣĹӾͻ٣ܽøá
֣ܾĿռȻȱӪǲϣʵ۰֦ɶѹϣǴһԵĹҳһѼӣʼ޼֦
߾ףֻ΢硣
޼Ż֦˵֣׹ռֲܹȴûл
ûСӣû۷Ͳڷۣ治֪ôɹӵġ
ЩĻ룬Ҫ۷Ļڸ䣬ôһʱ䣬˵Ѿ֦ۿԳˡ
бףûгӣͲҪҪ¡
ȻӴڵֻΪڷֲֲۣҪѭɣǾͲҪˡ
޼˵ʹĻߴïܣԼȴϲȥҲûиļӡ
֣Ҫһȥͺˡ
Լ޳Īڼ⻨ͷϵ֦ҲղˣҸֻӽ
޼֦µĻɨһԣ˸
ֱ֣оʱˣ÷Ĳϴɾֽţ̧һ
ԭһ˵ĴϣٴֳŮӰ
̫ã±˷֣Ҫǳ˺մҲ˵
ٴμһԼϣȷû⣬Űĵر۾
˯ŵʱԶܽ⡣
ȵСС˯һҵķҲͶ˶
۾ʮ㣬ӴЬӣ˹ڼϵ´á
ѩͷſϣĽŲ۾վ˸Ƿ
öѩͭ׼õˮϴ
Ů֬۲ʩŸո˯ѵĺΣվڴ߾ͬһ
ѩ߹˯ЩҵķޣȻӱķһС
ڱ޼֦ʱĲ֦Сɿɰ
ѩûϳʲôҲûк⣬ͰճڱⷢɫСӵһԡ
̧ԼͷԶѩ˵ȥϴɡ
ѩӦһŵȥϴ
ȵ˶ã׼ظˡ

8.7ĸ£

8.1ʼ
, ĸࡣ
̫, ʵ̣˯ú𣿡
, ˯úã̫˵ţս˱, ʵ, ʲôζ
ʲôʲôζԼûԼζ
ûа̧š
̫˵ģŲƽϡ
⶯һ٣µԼȥ޼֦ʱȾ֦ζ
ûʲô㡣֣Ƶ±סĸֱۣ˵ܾ»Ѭ, Ҫô, ̣
š̫Ц˵, С
˵˵ЦЦ, 
վʦѾˡ
̫վʦ, Щ⣺վʦ
վתӷ𡣡
ţȻ˼ôǮ, Ҫ˼Ұ¡
ô, ȵöͷ΢΢˺
˿̼ȵһ, ߵ̫ߡ
̫, ʵʦʲôˣȵÿȥмֽ
ûվͷϵĺٴϵı飬ȷʵֳЧ
⿴ݼ⻹ʲôû˵أѾ˶мˡ
ȻǸݼϼѶ־ҵĺС
վҲûж࿴һֻۣ̫Ϊ˵̫̫һ𡣡
˵һָָ̧֣ķ
ͬŶһۡ
վʦֻȥ˵֮ǰĹʲô⡣
áǰţֶԱ˵ţĸȥͬվʦ˵Ự
ǡ֣Ҳı顣
վԭأ̫ſվȥ
룬Ѿôˮôڻ㣿Ҫѹһ£
Ѿ磬⻹Ϊҡ
ұվ£Ŵӵﴫ磬ȴ˳
Уվɫ̫࣬˵̫֮ھдȻһϬ
̫룬ʲôϬ
վĵһǩ
̽ŵʦǩйأ
վ۾ص˵ͷ
Ȼ۾з·л۹⡣
ϱ˵ĵһǩ֮˵ǹ󸮰ãһһϲ¡
ôһ˵Ǹлڼ¶˺š
Ѿˣ̫رš
Ϣж֪óһ˵Ҳһġ
ΨһҪעүҪүסСվǴ֮λммǡ
վ˵꣬һ񣬲Щǵˡ
ЩҡεıӰѾȫȻĻ̫Ҳ߷֡
ûҪͣǾͲô˲ǡ
ٲȻƴй¶ҲҪŸԤϱжЩ
Ȼ̫ԣֻǿ򶨡
΢صӦûʲô£ĸײõġ
̫ķ飬Уޣȥͬү˵һ˵
Ӧһǣȶ˶񣬲ŷŴɫ糣ػص档
˻µվʦӦѾԼУû뵽ɵùڳɫ
̫ŷſվȻֻԶϱ˵ͷټɮ£һ˫ɮЬ
ĸĻ֪˿վʦ˵Ļ
ҪѰʽ޵رʾлǳ׷ġ
֮һ·˳ɽ޻

ɫæµһ죬Լҵӹл
ʹڶߣȸϱߣһֻҪӡ
ɽǹ߳ߵ·ϣ֪˭ҵ
ԶԶͣˣŴ˴Ƭ̡
Ȼŵ˵үǰ·ˣûһ·ȥ
·ʮ꣬ôһζסġ
ӿһͷȷʵ·мɢܣٲˣһʱŪá
ǷӣԳ˵߰ɣǾͻ·
һޣԱߵһӡ
һתȥˡ
٣ܵõҲƽȡ
û뵽ʯ̳ɵļʵ·棬Ȼһʯѣббˮ
еʱڳĿ͸еһ
Ȼұ߳ȥ
һӳס˳ڣʵô£
شݽˣү

Ҫ
˵ͣһͣҲƿӴ״
źڵż
ү仰΢һЩ
ķ˾ţ֮ݽȥĳִˮγ

֮·ٶȣССģȻصҵʱѾƽҪá
̫ڸ֮ǰվ˵ĻͣԺл졣
ò׵ȵ̶վ
һںŴҴӭӺĸףʶʵôˣʲô£
˲ϻش𣬰ͷſһ飬һĪ
̫ȶϱסû£㣬ôô٣
·ͬ˵һ飬ȻӵҲ֪ôôù
̫ȴ֪Ϊʲôĳֻݵӵ
ƽߵ·˵ӷλǴ׵ĶϷ
վõ֧ǩȻӦˡ
ȵùŻԺһϴͬ˵¡
Դ˲ţûݣϴףѲϾûˣ
òУ㿴ջؼҲˣ
ֻɺϡ˵˯ȥ鷿顣
ǲŵӣᣬҪҪš
ͺԣɵصү鷿ǲڶϷ
⻰վʲ
鷿һʹ
ɫһ䣬æ鷿ү
鷿⣬ֻͷܵ
Ÿ֪Ķ
Ǳˣÿµܣȴûʵʵͷϡ
վűߣôˣѶһء
û£ӵˡ
˵û£鷿˵˶ϷǴ֮λػ𣿡
תͷ鷿ⲻܰɣ
üֱ˵
ɺϰˡǸӵһԣ鷿Ҳܴһǳȥ߰ɡ
˵ҲûԼСˣҪôȥ
죡æŵ׷ȥ
Ժ߻ûǰүŭˮ
ھȵصʯͷأ
ŵܹͿҪߵүһŲСˮЩܻ
λϷСˮرϵʯͷ֪Ϊȱһ飬ֻ̦ߵһֻҽŴܽˮЬ඼ʪ͸ˡ
үԺ
Сˮæôû°ɣ
û¡Ӧ
վԭأҽȻ쬵ġ
ϴס
Щˡ

8.7ɣ
-
ʮʦôô࣡

8.1ʼ
԰, һʼӰڿһ֮, ¶ɫ
һˮر뿪ȷµҲȫ߹Ժ, żԾ˵ҹнľ뽨ӳصлеԺ
»кϡ
ïܵҶҡһ, з紵
һźɫװӰ, ϵİᰲûͷҲ֪ʦֹˡ
άԭû￴µˣôɵϰߡ
леѾˣǰһʱ仹Ǹı䲻ˡ
ȥһ㡣ʮ¡
֦ҶܺõʦֵܵӰ
ôʦ֣ʵЧ𣿡
Чˡʮ˵, ʦܵĹӻô, ͸Сʱɽһʵ, һСҪꡣ
δ, Ϊº, ǰԤһ׼
һǱ⵽ɽȥſվʦĿѡ
̫ͨ, ԶϷ˼ɡ
һ, Ϊʦֵĵ, ԰ҲԴл뿪
ھô, ÿջ·Ҳúܡ
鷿Ҫ·ϣᰶһЩֽš
ЩСӰ쵽İΣֻϿվʦľʾγɰʾԼϷͻᷢ¡
ֻҪһֹ˼ɣҪϷȥʱͻỺһ
Ļʱ㱦ȰסʦָȥԵĶҪҲء
᰿һ濴лУվʦ˵ʦҿţȥȥͻء
˵ʮ֪Ҫȥ⡣
ʦܺòҵܼˣʦֵĵȻ谭ˡ
ȥɡʮһߵͷһ߻ֵüŻ

᰽żһ㣬һԡ
Ƭ֦ҡһ£˼ƬҶӣѾʧݶϡ
л鷿
Ҳ࣬ҲΪϵľͨԵʡ
ڵ£̧۳ŰʦֵϿȥ·ûˡ
ʮʦǰ£ѾֻˣΪҪʮʦԺסš
ûȥΪǵʦڻ·ϡ
ǲܣֻԺ
ŵлоҪЩۿۡ
ʦһݴΣ᰾Ͱ಻סǱܡ
ԼԺԭ׼Щ͹ȥʾԼТġ
Ϳļææ˽
ƿ˸һۣ˵Żŵʲô
߹˵˼仰
үôЩ£ϢһӾڸеﴫˡ
һǵĻ̾ͻͬ˵
ţץŸӵһԭء
ϴף˭˵ģ
ȥµķΧĶϷ
һʱ䣬Ϣһ⡣
οҲųԼ仹бܹԤ֪ʱҪ顣
ɲôⶼռȻ
һˣͬںڵˣдﵽķȫһġ
ΰѸһӣܻڹŵĸ㣬ֻʲģ˭˵ģ
˭˵ʲôһ£ŷӦСʶϴϢ𣿾˵ǽȥɽ£վʦ̫˵ġ
վһ֣еһйˡ
Ǳˣ
ǿվУ˵û汾£мѧġ
Ǵɽ뿪ʱа̫ȥһĻ
ʱͬ˵Ӧˡ
ѹִ˿̻̫ı鶼Ǻɡ
Ŀ˼ֻֽӹĸӣ¸ǻûõĸϡ
վڳſڣֽǰɫ
ļƻ˵ԽԽˣƻԶϲϱ仯
ǣò
βʵ룬Լȴò춼ڿ
Լķͬĸ׸ԺӵϢ
һϵ顣
ڰǲټڸǲʲôСġ
Żüѧ˵׵ķӦֻŴЦüǵӡ
ݼ̫ˣݺ趼Ϣÿ̫ǣس˳üӣʾҪ˵ˡ
üһͻͣݺһˡ
ѩȥ÷ǰ飬¶һı顣
ҲϢǲǾǱҿվʦæĿġ
үСС⣬пվʦľʾ
϶ү˵λֻҪע㲻ȥӦþͲ⡣
ѩôҲû뵽ЩСҲǱ˸ġ
÷⣬ο̫ǡ
ֽ̧ӹҪ˵ͼһӰӡ
һ÷Զѩ˵㵽ȥţ˽
ѩӦһǣ˵䡣
Ƶ˴ǰ˴⿴ȥȴûˡ
һڵĸй̶ǲܿġ
Ȼ˿֮󣬰᰾һ˽
˫΢ڵϣüûκ
ȻһУǴ򿪵Ĵºˡ
ⷿվˡ
⿴˵صҸոˣˣ
᰿۾ԭõĸһӾ˶
ǹǵĲЧ
ɱȻѾԼˣ˵һԵöֻ࣬ܡšһ
̫ˣǰһƣȻת˸鷿߶
᰿Ӱ˵ֻҪˣͺðˡ
˵ת԰˵ҾʣµʱҲȫͲٶ
ǽһЩС⣬ȹһΣٹ죬ҪʱһΡ
ͼȲ׵ľΪģֿԱľԡ
һֱʱ򣬱ټȰ裬˵Լε飬ͻԵξݡ
Ѿе鶼뵽ˣһ仰û˵͸оԼҪ˵ĻѾ˵ˣһʱֻԼܹû塣
̾һôԽҪֱʱ򣬾Խûа취˵ϻأ
˵Լȥ˵ʱ򣬱Ƶǰ
С¹۾˵¶㣬Ҹ׼һл񡣡
ʲôл񣿡֮ʳ˵һ仰
⣺ȥЩ֦ܹ͹СϱߣӦóԹ֦
ûôһ˵ǰ̸ֳⱱΪټˮ
ǺɫƤ֮ǰƵľӨ⣬ζǳء
׼ϴʱһռȥ˿
ֻ绹ǻ֦Ѿ˹ӣӵɫ̵ģûת졣
ȻٵһϾܳ졣
᰺ʦְôæһξԼռ֦Ϊл
ʮʦֻãһβŹģǰѾ뿪ϱ߶֦꣬˵Ǽеζ
ϵ˹֦ϡ٣˵ϵؽҲࡣ
ѾǮܹ򵽵Ķ
ռôһҲܹó˰ᰣûмܹڸˡ
ҵȰ᰻صϵصʱ֦Ѿûˡ
Σ֦ⶼһ
ʵϲ𣿡
ϲġ
ֺӦ˫ǰֳ︡Ц⡣
ֲֻ֪˵ϲл񣬻ϲʲô
죬ע¸еԼĶڷȡ
ƺҲԼشЩ壬˵ϲ֦öûгԹˣܳϵĻ̫ˡ
ǡô˵ˡ˵ϣɽϼ
áӦ
ȻϻټûҪˡ
˴ԭ·ء
ȵݶ󣬰ᰲŷӦ
Ů֦רԼûдˣ
ͷһðƮҪ䲻صϵĸо
ȻصԺصϣȻ̲סߺЦ
ʦּӣֻʵЦʲôأ
˵Ҫȥժʦϵߣðᰵˡ
Цݣûʲô
Ƭ̣ĳ΢ҫ飬˵һ䣬֪ˡ

޸8.8һ
ˣƸСѵĹġеbyԴ
ϲ԰һ~
İ
Ϊ׬ǮһưܵСջ򹤣ûһϹͱƹץסСӣ浽š
뵽ᱻȻȻؽסһɢ˵ĴȣݵŨ檡
ºҳһ۶ǵĹһɫ׵Ĺڵϡ

8.1ʼ
, âǡ
ɽ, θոսȺɮ˴Ӵ, ʼÿյĹ
ŴʦڵԺ¡
ӷ𡣡ߵʯǰͬĿһ, ʩ
ŴʦʯҲվ, ̧ʾ⣬
º̵СɳֱԼŵҩ䣬óʯϡ
Ŵʦ̧֣ʾڶַ
ڴذַȥһһɫ, Ŵ˼
糿ҹǿȵñȽ, ڿŴʦΪʱԺȻԵ
Ŵʦѹһֻ, һֻ֡
ɽСסʱ, ŴʦѾΪҩ, һʱ䡣
ϵĿãȴȻûкת
Ŵʦѹ, ջ, ϵȻ峺۾ǰ꣺ʩǻκϵĲ, ȷִ
ܹ, ҽ߰ӹŹȴûаҽЩȻĴ龫ǣ˼ʣ;ƿ֮ס
ֿڴ֣¶΢Ц
һϣֻһ˫۾ɫһЦƽȴ
·һƽƽĻ˻㾦һʣע꣬ע
˵ִ׷£ҲͲִˡлʦΡ
ŴʦˣҲٶ˵
ҽٺãһϵĲˣҲһβλȻʥֵ־˴˿Ρ
ʾСɳջ׼ȥһҩ
βǰˣҲΪ̱Ԫ
ڵ׻ᣬֻҪԸ£ͻлᡣ
Ŵʦֻǰ˵һ̡
Ŵʦͣ˼˵ʩʲô⣬ֻ˵
ڵɽºɽסһλǴܳղشҡ
ʵϣŴʦ˵ͷʩȷʵںɽԺסĳһʱ䣬ʩҪ
΢ЦܳĿģΪѰǰ黭ҵƷʦմʦ룬ҵɽסʱҴӦҲڹӡ
δĻ
ˮ¥̨ȵ£Ϊ˼ϲɽ¡
ֻû뵽Ѿλá
Ŵʦ֪ʱԼ˵Ѿɽȥˣ˵Ľô㵽ʩȥݷãΪʩҪĻһ
ˣ˵лʦ
ŴʦɽһԼУʱŴСɳҩ䣬ͬһȥͬɽ£ȴѾлɽµţǸߵһʹӣǸòƽƽĴ󺺡
ƽסںɽԺӣֻӳŵʱŸߵŮҲڡ
վԣһֻɫĽУҪȥϸаݷãȻֶܿȥ
ڵͬŴʦһڳϣŮû
ϵĴһޣݡͱ
ƽȣио˿ҡΣŽеŮԱߣȱܣٶȴ˿ƥŵ缲磬ѥڱû棬ԭҲһ֡
衣
ȵãעڲ豭УŽ豭ݸ˿Ŵʦʦ롣
ŴʦӹⱭӣײߴӲ豭ٲȻͬһʯɳײߣӨ󣬴覡
Ϻȹ裬̸Ƭ̡
⣬һڣƿӣ˿ﻧ񣬷·ЩȤˮﻧ˿Ŵʦ䡣
ʱ˳ǣٶȻܿ˳Ƕ
Ĵ󺺡һһһСԺǰͣ
֮ͻߵŮƿӣϵ
ĵһǿһǰСԺӡ
Ŵʦվԣ˵ʩ¾ס
ڻ˵ס˵Ǵˡ
ţŴʦԺǰ̧ţܿ촫Ӧ
Ŵ򿪣һͨ˳űߣ˿Ŵʦ·ҲϤ˵ʦˣ
Ŵʦһţ˽ȥ
ڸ߽ԺӣԺӵĴ¿һȲĻϡ
϶ˡҡϣ۾ûո˿ŵ
ӷ𡣡ŴʦɫãֻЦʩճ˿ĻλŰݷá
Ŷ۾վԺеˣĿڵϣŽеŮɨȻŴҡпԶԵӭ̸ɡ
ǽȥ֮󲻾þ˻ͬԺǰ·ͣ
ϳС˿˿ƽͣŵ£ѾһҪҪͣˣɵ˭ˡ
ţʹʵ𣿡
С˷Ӧ˵ˣ
µԯŵĴǵĻ򿴹С˵˻ȥҲӳԯܵһÿӡ
ıѩȺӳ
ѩԺ󣬴ӱϽӹһĴľ䣬һΧˮ顣
ӵݸԺ󣬼ѩ׹׹ӳԺְӱ˻ȥ
ѩôæ
⵲֣٩ɣôС
ѩ֣Ŵǰ˵࣬ǱʱôԽĴˣ
ͬ˵Ц꣬ԭ׼̨ףһתͷͿǱͣŵɵүүп
ѩѾߵ̨ţⲻߴٵϽɣӳ
ջĿ⣬ôر̨ףűվš
ոմӵģװʱʵˮмвֹй©ˮڳٺò
ֻһñװŵʱˮȴ󲿷ֵĹ滻˴ԼĿռժ֦
һɩӺܿţǱѩϲҪ񣬶ѩ˵ŵأϽǽȥɡ
ɩæ̧˵ô̧أ
ػˣҪдúܣ֣ѱн˹ȥ
ѩ¹ţɩӵɩӣүүп𣿡
ɩӵͷеġһǰߣһתͷԱ˵˸ɹĿˣŸǳòǺǿŴʦŹݼүġ
˵λ˸ǳòж಻񣬻飬ɩһ
죬Ҳű裬ʱѾˣûо̫խԭˣվһˣټ߽ʱԵӵ
ĿԼʶĿŴʦͣƬ̣ȥԱλˣһ֮£ͱ˫ˮյ
ˡףؿڵ
ջעһʦȻͬŴʦк
ղżģţҲ֡
յͽѾڵ⣬˿Ҳͬؽһ±⣬ѧ
ûȥܱݡ
ŴʦʶȤûȥơ
ǻϵĵӣڶһͷûбֳע⡣
ⶥŸͨѧݣԻ˵ʦˮТ㣬ôʦڣһһɡ
˵䣬ѩѾڳǱˣ֦װ
Ӳ¥ǿ֦֦ƷѵḶ́׹ռﳤǸͷƣɫıƤ͸ŵӰֻװͨİ״Ҳʮ㡣

޸8.8ʣµǧ
ǷծԽԽࣨ

8.1ʼ
֦ģһ֦, ۾
ϻк֢, ˵Ǳˮͨܳԡ
ǽ꺮֢κ, һȵ֦еʱڣͲ
ֻǽ˵ϵ֦̫٣мС
Ѱ˴, Ҳû, ۿҪˣû뵽ȴôһˡ
СѾͷղǱһء
ԭش𣬿Ǻʲô
ʦæԱߵĿŴʦʦ֦ܳ𣿡
ϱѾȥ˿֦һ˱Ŵʦ֧Ŀ־塣
˵Լܳ, İ֦, ӿϵٶȰ֦һ߰һ˵ʲôܳԵģ϶ܡ
˵ŲȿŴʦشͰ֦
һ˲, Ǹ֭ˮﱬ, ˲ر۾
, ֳ˻ǣƵζϸе˶͸ˡ
ȥ, ³˹, ĵظ̾һζ
±ȥ, ֹ
, ֦ǴĿռﳤģܵȪĽ࣬յǿռȥô϶ڻ
޷ŴʦЦ˵ѾΪʩڱĶҪá
ûУϸ˵ڶƤ
϶˵Գˣ͸ûˡ
һ߰Ƥһ߶ԿŴʦ˵ؿһԡ
ν֦ٿţǳˣԼʱˡ
һʱ֦оûôóԣʱ־òҪ룬רע±ǡ
ڿڵǾ͹ˡ
ȻҲִùһֻ֦Ŀϡ
޳ָɫ֦ԵԽӨ
ɵö࿴һۡ
۾ø˲һȴƣ˵Ҳһ¡
ţͼڷ·ӦԼĿ⣬Լ˹
еԼſ˹һͷ֮ͱ۾
үү֦ǵĶԾǰ⹤֦˵ݸʦ
šϷһ㲻ƴǵŮķ̡
жԱ֮Ĺϵһ㡣
֪ݣҲĻ񣬷һ۾ϳ˭
ֻû뵽λȻ˻ϵĵӡ
һҲ̳лϵļոƸ
ϲһ츳Ϊļ̳ߡ
ڴλڵ̩Ҫԡ
ԭļƻûиջĿ̫Ĺע
ϵͱòͬˡ
õ֦˿Уֻһž֣ûȥڶš
ϲԼְƤ֦ٶ͵һء
һ֦ܿȥ˴룬϶ǽĶ
үүһŽһŵسԣֻһʱôŶӣͣ֡
ϼͣ£ҪߴٰɩӾͳ⡣
һݵĿˣЩִٵز˲֣˵ү
Ͽصôˣôһ˶
һҲͣˣٵų֦
üʱʦԼӵݸ˻ϲ֡
Ů־ϲɾָͷմ֭ˮɩӰŰݷõĵ˴
˵ӰһſڣＸ˵ķӦ͸ͬ
һɫ۵ŷһ£ʶؿϷŵ֦
⾩У𴦶ûеطֻ֦ŷĲ¥ƹС
֦ƾնܵýԼЩ֦Ǵġ
ʱٲҪ˵Ǵŷĵġ
ŷıҪ˵˲ѻͻᱻ
Ӵ
ŷＷôˣҲм⡣
ֻ֪ĵ⣬װġ
ϸŴʦŷǾʶŷɽµĺԺãЩߴ̽һ򾡣Ȼƹɽ¡
Ϊ˲֣ʱȥɽµĺɽСסǳסģȻٴ棬Ҳӹŷ⡣
ţүүһۣϵɫ֪ʵԼ಻Զ
ܽΪʲôŷջˣӦҲ̸⡱
ӪôǮׯͳô˵ġǳֶΡǡֶΡˡ
ĵˣӦָӲһˡ
ŷע⵽˿Ŵʦ⣬ĿԵĶϡ
ϵɫƽģȴǽģߵŮ˶ͬϣ·ھŷͻȻѡ
Ӧŷ⣬ǶˣǾͶٸЩԹ
ܺͶұû浶ǹڰĽ棬常һѾȻ
ϣ׽ֻ
ŷǣһĨЦĿ˻ٲ߽
ϴվ۾ʲôŷ˴ˣ
ŵķиλÿţŷ˹ǰ¡
ɩӰԺͻ˳վڻ󣬶ѩǰŷ˲衣
ʦүүλ£עˮıӱƵŷֱߣһ̧֣Ȳ裬֦ÿ
ڿŷָ㣬ûԤϵŷ
֮λ·꣬ôҲû뵽
ڱȨ㳯ҰһŮһ˲䱻
ԼȵΣʱŻеķӦ
ŷȻһߵĻ̴Ӷ棬˵ǵݻûб¶
ҲΪʲôܹѹסԼﲻ¶ԭ
ҪɱŷȻҪһС
ŷɱôˣ˽ôܹ
۵׵İӿ±ƽ
⵱Żϵĵӣؾصվүүϣŷ֦ġ
ŷȻûֻ֦Ǵ˻ǰ⣺֮ǰھӣҪ㣬߼·ˣǻȴᵽ˳ôһСԺ
һ˵ţĿΧתһȦ·ġԺӾжС
Ϻһ˵ɽڸߣ飬סʲôϵ
ǴʦİŷǰҲһ裬ֻŷû˵ʱ
ŷЦ˵⻰ҽһҪϳְæʲôû˵ȥĿڿŴʦڵתһȦȻ˵ɲϽͥУһǸ
ӷ𡣡ŴʦڵĽֻΪ˿ʩϵĲзŷˣˡ
һڶҲվ֮£Ҳ֪ͬŴʦһȥˡ
λҪߣŷԭλôһͰѻϵĿ˸Ƶģ
ɲ𣿱ĵ
ܵʲôطû˸Ҹͬһϣô˵Ҳˡ
áǽ׮⣬˵Ϣұȥɽ֪ͨ㡣
ҪҵȻңǻȴǵ˼ţ˱Ϊ֮ĵһ׮⣬ÿԴűȥеһߡ
һҲ֪һеҪʲôҲ֪Լ̳ʲô
ɩڳŴʦͶ˾ɶѩ˳ȥ
⣬ŴʦҪȥҽڷֱ
ʦ롣ֱ𣬻صϣŮҲ˳
ӻͬȥеλö
ȴѾõС̰ϵԼƽͣŵĵط³
ƥŵ˳е·
ŮһֱѾ亹
ƿһ̧ס˴ҲƲסؿ
ϣŮԣû°ɣ
ˣشԼԣûУæڰóҩҪιȥ
Ȼ̧һֹֻ
ŮֻҩԿһҵĿԺ󣬲ͣ
ϵɫȻ䣬ǵʱǰɫȴһѪɫ
ŮĿⴥһѪɫʱǱ̵һ㡣
촽ЩҪȥĺӵͷȥҿŴʦ
ȴֹ˵޷
ڼˣ鼤ˡ

޸8.9һ

8.1ʼ
Ŵʦһ, ʱࡣ
ŷ֪ݵ, Ͼûվţͬǰ¡
ǲ, ǶŷЦЦĿ⣬ﻹſ֦ȻҪԽܿ, Խע⡣
, ǸոտŴʦλá
Ŷŷһ̧֣˵ɣŷҪҿⷿǷ
ŷ¡ǮׯǮҲ˴Ųױ黭͸ֹƷ
ϵǼѻͭԿףһѸ˱⣬ܹ¡ǮׯжƱǮ⡣
ЩԿһѣܿһţѷŵĶǰҵ黭漣
Щ漣ļֵһⷿĽƱ, ҲԶ, ÿһ޼ۡ
ҪһϻҪǽһ, ŷ
ǵԼ, ûбֵĻ, ôһں֢ʣµЩƱ黭ǹŷġ
Ҫȥ, Ҳûʲô
Ƿծ
ҲûָһĴܳŷܰǷծ塣
⿴ŷǿ֦, Ʒһ, Ǿζ, Ȼó˲֣Ի˵ûС
üͬ˵ԼҪҵʲô
ˣϵɫζĻ
ûҪʱ򣬲֪үүΪʲôķӦ
Ůɻ󣬻ʩʩȻض˵ղλĿҪҵҲĻ
˵Ǹˡ
ޣŷȤصҪҵͬһ
ǵǡ˵µĶҪҵġʱͼҪҵġɽԶͼ塣
үүѧϰ黭Щûж˽⣬Ҳ塣
ǰ黭ңƷͬʱսҵ黭ҵǶģһʮķ߷Ķӵɽֵĵطղᵽе߷֮
һĥŷ˵ɣѵҲǸ˵
ʶʵʲô˵
شȴŷ
ŷǰмִ˲ͬ͡
͵޼֮ңҲΪܹ㹻ʲɽˮôֿ뻭
ʮʱȥȥǰѾУǾͻ߷ͼ
˵߷ͼһ𣬾һŲرͼܹҵµľ޶Ƹ
⻹ǵһ顣
ŷһʱ䶼Ŀ£׷ʵЩƸж٣
ŷûҵҲ֪Ų¡ǮׯǮ١
ţʶؿүү
үүλʦһҲ׬ôǮ
෴ڹŶеﾭӪôã˵ͼ߷еİأõʾ޶Ƹ
ⱦ¡ʹ¡Ǯׯ
Ͽı飬ֻ̧Ķͷһ£ʲôأүүԼ׬ġ
ⱻõáϡһԭ
үүҲûбҪ˵ѡ
ԼĶͷƬ̣ŷ֡
תŷҲͰˣôҲŴ֣
ŷ΢Цϱѹֲǲ֪ƸģҵˣܹǷծˣ˵Żһתһ⴫Ųʵ߷ֻҪһϣòȫԶҲҲⱦڵأҲ֪⴫Ǽ٣
ĻʵĿġ
ŷȥ׷Ѱʲô翵Ĵ˵۵ĸνеԴõ£ΪܳĹѹܹһţΪ˸°ˡ
˵ףڹҪѰ黭Ҳ˳ֶΪ
ŷ͸ǱСҵõãҲҲνԭ
˵Լ⣬͸ɴͬϸǣҪ뿪ͷβûʹ֦Ǵġ
߳ȥҲүү绹£Ͳˡ
ţϿﶼǻԷģô
˵˳ȥԺſ׷ŷסŷ
һ׷ŷˣ˽ŲҪ˵ʲô
ǰվ˵߲Ҫŷͷܿ
Ůγ鳤˲٣һμʱͷŵļѾ°ˡ
ŷϾصҺ£
ҲԵ¡򶨵صʴˣˮɻǮ
׷ʱѾˣԼҲᣬֱӸһڷѾǡ
ŷǴˣȻ֪ΪʲôҪٸǮ
ȻһᵽǮŷɫ͸ͣǰ˽ϢǮׯ˵ȻѹˮأǱǮҲֻǱˮн
Ǿһꡣ
ŷˣЦЦ֮˵ұ潭ϰл塣
⡰šһԾվԭأŷ֪ҪԼҪ֤ˡ
̾һ˵ϵ˹֦٣õЩڻТҲˣʣµĻǲҪóˡ
ǲˡⱣ֤Щˡ
ŷƬ̣ʵôûˣ
ͷ˵һ£ұˡ
վԭأ⻱ͬ߳ȥȻûͣġ
Ӱʧת֮󣬱վԭһ
վԺſڣԶϵҲԶû˵Ļ
ҲǸһѵⱱټպǵҲҪó
˼ȥ̫˳ʧ˾衣
ѩӺ
ⷽųʱѾͬϸ˱𣬶ѩ֮ǰʰӣ˻ظ׼
ѩתԶѩ˵ˣǻȥɡ
ͣŵ뿪ͬСԺָ徲
ȷʵҲ£ƥСѾ͵˳һׯ
粻ȥӪԸµׯȥ䣬ͬȥ˵ҲҪһȥ
лԨȻıϡƽ书ȷʵãҲ˻Ӫ
ҴС־ҪԱʳҪȥϱȻⲻҪ·ͬСϵŮˣһȥ
£СԭصŲŲӡ
ﳡؿǳʺϰ䣬лԨ˵꿪ףͿʼԽ
Ҫ֮󣬾ߵСֻСñⳡһȦ
ʵʵĳѧβǡ
Ƭ̣һĸо
ЭԺܺãҲֳٶȾ͸βࡣ
öѸҪ죬лԨ°ͣĵתͷȥлС
ССлǳ
ҲΪѰģߴ˳ʺӡ
лвŽŵţط
лԨԿˣȽһá
ܵȣŹǣϵлһӦһԼھϡ
лȻԼҲ飬ȴǵһʵûдϸ硣
лԨҪ콲أΪʦ񫣬ŵܵһȦ֮󣬼öѾСʼˣǶԵܵ˵˰

ҾȻ޵100ˣ
8.9Ķ
-
ΪѵĹĴbyһö
д˺ö౾ˣȤԷר
İ
ʮ꣬Ϧĵˡ
࣬ѹͨУųն
лƾΪлҼ
Ȩ㳯ҰƹҹŮǷ׷׳Ц˭Ϊ
Ȼ֮ϣĹǣһŮϯ֮ʱǵ̬ˡ
wapť
PCť

8.1ʼ
лס, ˲Ϳס
ϣҰ߹ˣʱ綼ڸ׵Ľ̵¿ʼϰ䡣
ֻԼϣֻĽؿš
ʱףҲ֪˫Լһ
һ, ޷, 鱼ܡ
û뵽֮ȴת, ˫ƾ
лһʱֻе, ·ΧΧҲܾס
ݣ˫һУ˳Χ
˼ĽŲһʼ̣ԽԽ, Ѹ硣
˶ͣҲõ˳, ϵл
·ʾ, һſҲ¶˷ɡ
ǻδл, οҲó˫Ⱥ˵л⾩бκγɫӶ
ͷԼʧ׹ִһ֡
׹漣ɱ, һܹԼ, һҲлС
Ŀ׷ԼԵ, ٿڳ˼Ȧ, Ȼһ, ÿ.µĿػ
ܼԭ, ĳ, Ҳɢ
ǳֳͣǰ
лϣŽֳ¶һ΢Ц
ޣԭָо
һֱźлԨܵһֻȻɵ̹ơ
һ֣ҲŷӦһµ
ãлԨüɫصлҶɣȻ֣
ԭΪҪһʱգܸܵǲܹļԦƥһʱ䣬ͿǸֶޱȣѾܹС
лԨипڻȥ·ԣҲ͸Ӷĵܵܺ˵統ǵıֿˡ
лУֱǱ⣬ֱΡ
Ļ򳵴лԨ˵㵱ѧʱ䣬ҸǱѧʱʹ˶٣ѧÿҲȻġ
ôһ˵лԨ;е
ܿ˵Ȼصһ۵ʱ򣬾ӻԾĸ㱨˽յĳɹ
ϻؼ֮ȫ˾һԷͳϰߡ
Ŵ˵ڱׯϰ˳Ҳʮָˣã
˵ӸŮʱһȥʵûдر
һʱҪϳǾû⡣
лڼҲ¡
˵գͿԿʼϰˡʱֵ壬Ҳȥһ
ð˵ӦãлԨ̧һţôˣǾôˡ
ǱڶαˣͬһطȴϵЦݲġ
ͬһҪġ
ȻڵľУȴĲ
۾ŵʱٶһˣ͸ӲԼĶ
飬Ѿվ˲Ϸȥ˵ЧҪۿۡ
ֻҲǻл˾ѣȥ
һǰ²ֿ
ѵĶʱϰʱлд׹ʱУֻڱׯ⵽Ϯ˵Ĺȥɡ
ϱҪ˱⣬Ƕó˵ͷ
ˮδƽǹɽҲѾЩģֲԸﻧŵ˳ʵ׳ѾγһСûдٸע⣬ǵׯһ֣Ҳллиġ
жļƲߣҲҪʹЩɽˡ
Ҫ֪ǮʹĥЩ֮ͽֻҪ㹻ǮʲôҲ
Ҫ˭ȥϵǣ»Ҫúһ롣
ù֮ɫ糣ػԼԺӡ
ǸԣȥׯòϢһա
صԺθ£ͼϲɫŸСӹ
εĿеС棬Ǹͦµķźӡ
ˣһţξʵʲô
С㡣ϲصϢұȥй˹䣬˵Ƕ̺ܺá
һ˵ţһǰĺӸΡ
νӹ鿴ʱ򣬲˵ҩ¶࣬˵СϵǺܺõģֻҪôһвȥȥ
һ¶ࡱ֣֪ƭˡ
洿׵ҩ࣬ýǶţȷʵţȻġ
ΰѸºϣԲ˵ɵӣЩ·ô¶ࣿ
ҪĶҩ¶࣬ȷʵ̣ϱ֪ġ
ôһСоͼֵǣǲġ
ϱǼĳ谮ǰҫһƴϣָһѪۡ
Ǽ˾Ͳޣⶫҵ¶̡
û𣿡¶յɫΪ˺ò״ӡ
˵ǶҲ̫ˣҼͲϤ·˴򣬽ȴƭҡ
β׽ġҡһֻ˵мϸϸ˵
ǰԼڳôͻȻͶˣȻȥ˳еĴҩסǾ˵Ķ˵
ԷҪʲôȴûʲôҪġ
ߣҳϣһʱ뵽ľֻϵ˰̣ˣûжȥ̺ۡ
ȻߵŮ͸¶ࡣ
˵˵ⲻǰ׸ģҪūеǮ
ֶҪͨͣǾͿ϶ǼٵģǲľҪԼеӲܻǾ;öЧġ
ͷųǮ¶˻
ǲıνĶҿ̴̺Ӹƭˡ
ɽסŶĿ̣Ҳã˵ôڳˡ
뵽Ǵкñһףɵҩš
ǰֻǼǼǰҫ¶࣬ǲûùΪʱ׹ȪȫҪָ˿ڡ
׹֪ʱܻصУȥϵİ̺Ҳá
ţ˲ĵ֣ĵһ˫ɻ֣кܶϸС˿ڡ
ʵҩҲδؾǼٵģһԣϵ˰ϿûЧ
ġšһ
ΪСҩ
˺ӣ˵ҩõĻСԡ
ҹҹǸʵɽͤԣѾµš
Ұˣֻв
ѾʦִԺﲻ׼
Ȼȥ˱ׯҲ˱⣬ԶԶĿڿԼһ
ᰱǺĵˣǲ֪Ϊʲôȴʱر
ò׵ȵԼʱ䵽ˣӰɽ·ϣվֱ
ԾǴСѾߵ·Ÿӣ˹
һͼӿŲС˹
ǰЦʵȺܾˣ
ûСѵûкܾá
˵ţڵ£˺ӡ
᰿һ򿪣ðɭɭЩ֮ǡ֦
Ÿ̧ͷ¶˵ͷԣұȫǲҵġ

޸8.10һ
ûӺѰ
ϣиð

8.1ʼ
¹ˮ, ӰŶ
мŸӣ»ǷڲϵľиϣӳӨĹâ
֣Ӻ˿֦
׹ռժ֦ʱΪʱ, ûúõسš
ȵүүĵط, ֽôˣֻŸүү֦, Լûгϡ
ָϸ, ָ޼Բ룬֦ǳ䣬һŵҲû뵽Լ, ǵݸԵˣ
㡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ֦, µС߿ûа, СС, 澧ӨĹ⣬ݵ˱ǰ
˵ڰн, ĿڶԷõ֦, ⶼ̲ס˺졣
ᰵĽ, ÿŵֻù˱Լõ֦, õһҲ˹ȥ
˵лл, Ȼתͷ, Լǿ֦˿С
֦øܴ, Ա˵һڳԲ£ҧһĹ⡣
ڵ˲䣬͸е֭ˮУζ
ҹ£Եһ֦·ҹһ˿ȶȥˡ
Ҳժߣûн̸ֻĬĬس֦һȥµģȻݸԷôһʳһ֦
ܿ죬ŵıҲڻˡ
ͽ˵ĺӷ˹ڻˮı
ɵˮ͸ȵ̫һͻ᳹ױɣºۼ
ʣµ֦˸֦ƤͲˡ
᰿ЩƤˣԭҪøողֵǰȥҵطӰˣȹһҲữࡣ
˵Ұɡ
˵꣬ͰЩƤͨͨˣŻ˺
棬ҲᷢѿⱱҪǳ֦
Ǿ͵֦֤ˡ
úװˣͷ׹ռҵ˻ᣬҪôٸɾҪô׹Ŀռϼ֦
⣬¸Ǻá
һ֦˷ʳҲԵùġ
̧ͷᰵĻûߴȥĴǻմŵ֦֭ˮĴԡ
⿴¹µףһֹ֦ҲԹˣڴ˷ֱȥҲûʲôźˡ
ӭĿ⣬Ȼ˵ڱׯǶԵģٹվܳ״죬Ȼѧˡ
һ˵ţһ˿ϧ顣
ϧԼǰ̱ܽ
ϧѹڱͷ֮˵ڱׯ˿˺ɽ֣ҰӡļˣҾʹﵽǱȥӿųԡ
ģ۾ǰ˾һڱׯȻѾ˺ɽֶʲô˼ƻ
Ŀƶ˵һΪҼˣʹȥ
˵꣬ڱۼ䣬ӵվȻմĲм
ԣҲԼĽվֽŵ´ϡ
˶ãҪֱˡ
ҹŻ֮䴵⿪ڵˡ
Ҫֿߣһǰһشɽȥ
šᰵ˵ͷվ¿뿪
Ӱܿɽ·ʧˡ
ܵúܿ죬ֻСһ
վƬ̣Ȼ˵úܣǽֻ֦ûô˵ҲΪ֦ζġ
û߸һ·ֱӴɽ񾪺һȥ
Ծɽ£˳˵С㲻ػлеԺӡ
صԺУԺӵѾЪ£¹ȻãʦҲϱѩ
ѩŰᰵʱ򣬾ʮʦ֡
ʦֵܶϴĶǺɫװȾ˲èëǳۡ
˵ҹèҹèӣèǵϲŸľ񣬰᰷ʦŸڶϵѩ档
ѩֻצӶȥǲݣⱿ׾ǵòݶʮЦ
ֱԱߵ֦һΣ֪ǰ᰻ˣʮͣ˶ŪѩĶѩצץסβͲݡ
Ե˽ȥʲôˣûھʦŵһ۵ζ
֦ʮ۾һ˵Сȥɽ֦ˣ
ԡᰱԼܻ䣬κʦֵıô顣
һţ׳ÿԳ˵֦
ʮʱҪ½󣺡͹ԼˣûŻʦ֣
ᰵ֣Щϱߣÿ춼ܳԵ֦ٳһôˣ
ûԼ׼ʮָ˵С
˵ջ֣һѩһ˵ҷųȥŸˣʦܵǡ
ᰱﻹ֦ۣڱׯϻлȥӣһ仰ʶصô죿
ǰʮӦһתͷ˵ôߣǾʦ¡
ᰳĬƬ̣ҡҡͷˡ
ʦһǾҪߵġ
ϾҪϲ˸ãͲܾһʱ
ʮ꣬ջл˵Ҫꡣ
ʱȥҲˣҪˣᰵʱ䲢ࡣ
صʦţҪνҵƥϱݣٻص
һԺŷһ죬ѾϨƵҹú
ͼֵҹĶѩ򣬼ԼһӣȻҪĺӡ
ղڻ·Ѿ˵ط˿ռ䣬ѹƤ˶˿ռ
ŵǸպӡ
ѩ˵ӣּڱǳ˺˺ӶСݣ·ȥˮϴ
⡰šһԼӡ
ջҪȥׯϰҲܿܿʼϰ
뵽˵ȥɽҰӿųԣоͶڴ

ڶա
˱ׯϣȻлԨϰյ
лУڱҲС
лԨϰúãϰ
ϰﲻߣóѧܹŲٿϰ˶ֵúܺá
лԨİ壬г̸ΪϰͿʼϰ
ϰʱлڼԼϰõĹ
վǰǼŹÿŹʯһ
лȻһֱߣϵȻͬѰһģǰĹͱȽˡ
лڼߣ˵ʺŮõĹһԡ
ǰĹȻһס˹һס˹ңŽ
ε廹ԭ㣬ϱӾȪĸøӺã⹭ҲǿֻҪĻʧ׼ͷ
Ҳ⣬ṭ¡
ֻҪУҪ
תͷ⣬ͼɵŹȻַ£Կǵлڼ˵磬Ź̫ˡ
лڼ⣬ǱҪŸصĹǳϡ
лԨлж򿴹
áлڼӹһ˿΢ЦǰһŹݸãš

ʦ֣֦˸֦Ƥʲô
-
8.10ĵڶ

8.1ʼ
˹
һűһȷʵҪһЩ
һ, ͸еŹҲܹ׵
һѹ˵ʵͲرʡ
˵ҪһŵĻǾ̫͵ˡ
Ժͱٴѣܱ¶̫಻ͬ, ע⡣
ô
Ժû˵, лڼɵʡ
š˵ͷĹҷ˻ȥ, ѿԡ
Կ, ղʱлڼվֵָ, лڼƵ˱ߣʱ̧һ̧, һ, ܹȷط
ȵƵ, лڼ˵׼о׼, Ȼ֡
⡰šһ, ΧһС
һȥܲ, ĽǶȡ, ⳡеķҲйء
ְٲ, κ¶ܹӰ, ߸һһбԼ, һ
оҲٿѹ˵Ҳ׾١
ָо·һųȥܹаġ
ԵŵлԨлҲһ
һҪǲܵġ
лԨ⣬ûϵֻ䣡һ䲻׼Ӳˣ
ôһʵ̫ˡ
ǳֲֹһ£ͷЩߣǶƫһЩ
Ȼһųڹϵļ͡ಡһ˳ȥɹ˴أ͡һǰϡ
䶨
ȻһûѰУǾӵĺҲкܴһξ롣
Գı˵ѾǺܲĳɼˡ
лԨมһùơ
˹ȥЩʧлڼûйϵһܹаѾܲˣտʼѧʱһ䲻λء
ŲǣлԨڹƣԼӣʱͷ˿
лڼֻ˵һͺˡ
лҲϢ˵ԼĹԶ˵𿴱ˣҰɡ
лԨŰݡ
Ҳ񣬼˵ڶ֧
ĹлڼҲοûйϵһʱ
οȥֻҪԾС
ŮңûмһȥԵģҲͲÿӡ
лڼ֮廹ûȫָôصĹǾ˸һŸĹȻѰЩ취ܹúöǿ塣
һҲܸһ׼ͷˡ
šӦġ
ԣѾವطų
ȻĻͦԶҲлڼĿޡ
Ļвм
ʲôãһû׼ͷ
ϱȪ죬ҪĹҲ¡
ϲصĹõĶͲС
һȥٷС
ƾһ֣ɱڹɱĴ̿͡
α䣬Ժиֳӡ
ⶫǲЩɽ˽ʱҲţĨ㶾лֻҪһͻһغ
ųĸȽóϸַԼļƻ͵Żȥаš
ׯһ죬ϰϰȵŻȥ
ù֮ԴŮŮԺ
Ÿϴ裬ͷʪţ鷿ﻭĸ׹ˣǳӭ
ԼĴѾߴŮ鷿ʮ㣬Żֽ֪ڻˡ
Ůǰֵصҹ𣿡
ۡⱧĸ׵ֱۣصʦÿնҲĹΣûа취ѧһ
ΣֻԱⷿѾ˵ϸǿ̫ˡ
ڶѩѾ߸Ӧ֮ת⣬Ů˵˸ѡ
ɿ֣ȥѡ
𰽫װ·̷ϣһỬޱȣ϶
·ڱһȣһͷš
ķɫף۴ʲôɫÿ
ֻһֱϲɫЩ϶ƫŵģα˺ĺӸȹ
һϣڵƹһС˱Ȼ⡣
Ů̧ȥϵĻƣֻԱ˵ȥף٣ʹٴ׺챦ʯͷ棬ȫÿС
ͷԼϵѣ׵Ļ֡丸ĸԼŮáĸо
ӦáȻΣ˷ĸףǽ·𣿡
ΣĸԵôֻЦˡ
͵ķɫʱҲϲɫĳϣֱ֮ҲȻǴһɫ·
ģɺȥġ
һ͹·бףĺ˵ɫۣһÿôҲɫۡ
ĽѣԺ˵ˣһպãС촩ġ
ҲֵͬлСѾȥ
վԭû֮ſΡ
һΣС㴩˸ɫ·˻
ߵĴѾģȻϴû͵Ľˡ
ʱСǰͻԵõͿһȡ
޷ֻŬοΣС㣬ɫϹµͷҲǺÿġ
û¡һصûŸͷ
оһӪòײűûôΣҪǵ˳ȥȻεġ
Ů˳ĸ
ȻĿҲͬһȥ˳߶Ǳ׺ûѪԵ˵ȫһˡ
ȥֻԽΡ
ɫԱ䲻۵СǸ⡣
˵·պðɡ
Ӧǡתȥ·ս
ԣ¶¡
Ĵյõ¶࿪ʼãѾˣ¶࣬ձܼЧ
ǵȲһαǰ֣
С㡣߹ֿ˿չȥˣҩţ
˵š˵Ž̧ǰ
С㿴ŮָһƤ˵б仯ġ
ζֱϼ˺ֻۣѡһ¶ࡣ
˿ڵƹ£Ȼ֮ǰܹ˵ǴѾƽ
һ֮£һ
Ѳ¶ࣿ
òȥǷŲСùĺܿȥˡ
Ǻûϸӿȷʵ£ǳ
˵ūõʱ򣬶һЩõģδĸ塣СȻҪȥ٣ھһԣһҲͬһЧأ
Ρšһ˵ͷ
û׹ͨ¶Ƚϵκˣò覣ҲΪ̱Ц
ţսеĺӣԲ˵˲ģҽ
ֻ¶֮Ҫȵԭõĵط±ٴγƽļмͲܼ⣬³õĵططͻɫһЩ
μȴҪ˸ѾȥлԨ˵Լ岻ʣձ㲻ȥeׯˡ
лԨлеԺߵСѾ٣Ÿ㡰šһʾԼ֪.
ȵСѾԺĸ㣬Ŷл˵Сǽɹ죬Ͳˡ
ֻȥĻֻܸڱׯϰˡ
ţԵܵ˵ֻСڣչ˺ɣҪǲܵĻȱȵһ
޷л磬Ȼϲ鷿忴顣
ӨӣһӣԶ˵һῴñġ
ãⲻǻаʦֵܣ
ǲġ

޸8.11һ

8.1ʼ
ಡһ, ͷ˳ȥ, ȵ˶İϡ
һ֧֧Ƽȫڰ, βŰ΢΢ζ
㶼һξ, ǼգԵڶ˵ѾǺܲĳɼ
лԹƣлԨڣվ͵˹õĽɫ
˵Цһ, ˹
ӹѩݹ־˲ͷϵĺȻ硣
eׯѵ, ֻöˡ
лԨ£粻, Ҳ˵岻, ûг֡
ûֻޱ, ˼֡
˼ʱ䷴ʡԼôô⣬ܿԺ
磡лߣҽûн
ҵˡл̧õͷϧؿ
˵Ҳ˵̧ͷлеİӿȥ, ֻںġ
һѧˣ໹Ǻܴġ
֪Ҫʱǰ¶, ѹͦġ
ѵľųж, Ѿһ, תͷ˵ǵԱȥЪһЪɡ
леͷá
һ˳Ե
ׯ죬˶ѾʰˣǲߵĳأʰԺӡ
粻ȥׯţԺ˯
ĳȻȲģĲҲǱзζ
ö£ѾõĲ裬õǴӺɽɽȪˮϰܹ֮ʡ
˵ǣһҲ׷׿ʼϰˡ
ײ˶ھУϰ׼ϡ衣
˭Ҳڲμʱ
⾩вſŮÿܹΧʱ˹磬ˡ
кôһֵ˻ͣѵõĳȻֵܱ
ߣŲ豭ϱֻ֪Ȣȴ֪Ե
룬ϲľܸһԳԺȺֵĹأ
ϲôģͲ֪ˡ
лк˲裬ѱӷϣ̧ΪԼһ
ԭҲѲ豭ͿŲ豭۾֪ʲôط
л̧ãˡ
ʲôһգ۾תͷŸ磬磿
лıӷϣһָ̧裬һʵʲôô񣿡
ûʲôȻ˵Լδɩôģֻлиø׼
лҲ˽ͬ
ͬǳѧߣǳлԨҪ׶
ԭ⣬һ֮¾ˡ
ϢԺֻص˳ϼϰ
֤˵еԼԽԽ˳֡
һϰжȹ
ɫ磬ΧȻҲơ
ȵ꣬ԽԽ󣬻ŵ
״ڄeׯ̵æѳϵİӳҲټϰˡ
ö˱ʰõԺ
ϰԼ黭лԼԼ塣
һ壬һŽոǶʦֵǲһ
Уï֦Ҷһϴ¶˱̵ɫ
ڼң鷿λڶϷſվʦ⼸춼ṳ̂鷿
¾ʹͷĴűڿ
͵ðУܹ꾰ҲǺܲܡ
ţͼŸʳйװ̶ɳ
Ŵļһ̶ɳ
ŮĻֽӹ̶ɳ
Ůϵɴ̲סʵôˣ
ûʲôס˵ţָ̧ա
Щ˼صҹϢʱ̰˴ǴɽСӣŮСѾͿҩˣѿԾ
Сﰮ֪ġ
ϵɴΪ컨µС̡
ƽûɴţҲġ
˼Ҫȥһûʲôҩܹȥϵ˰̣Ȼ˳̶ɳеʮζǿһóԡ
ɴЦһ£ϲͺá
ù̶ɳŻϡ
Ͼͬ˵һȴС˴漲
Сǰ˵үп͵
ˣʱ򣬻ʲôϰݻأ
ţͼСó˰
ϻմˮ飬ӹ֮ȴ۾һ˵ĶȻԳȥӭ
θеԽ⡣
ſڣͣס˽ŲҴҶȥ
ô֣£ѵǳԪ۴ӹ
˭Ҫһġ
δ⣬վűߣʱ㿴һĸߴ˲
߹һһ̸߽ȥʮָˡ
òƽƽˣȻòˣʳȡ
ģһҪꡣ
̲ס·еʮ档
Щ˭Աˣȵϥ
ԭڸ˵ΣǶԵİ˵СŮΡ
μ˳ĻҲһ
ʲĸߴ˵áһ˱ߡ
ԴõǶԴϱĹ
ͬǼֻ֮ű߿Ƭ̱뿪ˡ
˿ȷԼϱӼûλġ
һԼԺߣһ˼ţ˾˭ʲôϵ
һߣ˵ϷǵãүӦǽбŶԣô
ˬһЦ˵ҵŮŮ
ȻھУǶϢȻҲ֪Щġ
ȻעͲֻ֪⣬ȴ֪ˡ
֪ڱ֮ǰĿһֱΡ
˵ͷ
֮ʣҲΪյһͽš
дСͬСӸ鲻
ҪѰᰴߣֻǻҪе㲨ۡ
ڵ֮ǰͬһ⣬˵ԼҪǣҪߡ
˿̼ҲͲȦӣֱ˵Ϸǲ̫ͣã֪ҵĵ
ׯϣᰲһյķͨ򿪵Ĵ쿴档
ͬлѾ鷿һ磬δͣǱѰӰ˶棬ȻԼվߵ£˰ָ˹
Ժվﵽ棬͸ԭ̲ࡣ
ûбڣͷſȫĵظԺһС
һ˲䣬ΧеĶУӵ߹
۾ʼ
ּּȣһһȥ
쾮ڿлһߣȻ˰ġ
ѩԶŸոõˮűһ֣ò붼Ҫˡ
ʮû̴Ĵţڴ߼˱Ķɵվֱ塣
鷿лҲͣӵĶá
ֱ֧һȫ˳ȥȵڰϡ
˼ӡ֤Լ뷨¶˹â
ѩһ˵
һתȿ˸һۣȻŶԶѩ˵̵úã

8.1ʼ
С, лڼлԨֵܶ˴ӸԵŻ, ſ
硣
ܡ
˻кȻɸԵС˳ɡ, ص˸С
ԭΪʱص, һȫ˾һţû뵽ܸܵûڱׯϣ׽Ҳй͵š
Žսһţֵܶ԰зֱ, ԻԼԺӡ
翪ʼµھûͣ
мһСת, Ǻִܿ
һƬУ̨ͤ¥Ե
ͬ, Ѿ֪, ᰴ˿ڱׯ
леȻˣʱ仹ȥ, ᰾͸ȥ
ڄeׯϰ䡣ͬһ
Ȼף伱ŴСӻȥҲһʱ̡
·ϼˮֵʱͲͣˡ
ߵСѾȥͬ˵˽п, ˾ϯ
ȵʱ֣λƲȥƫš
롣԰˵
ү롣ͬһ, ˲糯ƫķȥ
, ԭŵҲվ
ϳɫȻûиı, ǵʦȴ̲סˡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
ʮ׷ʦߣʦ̤ȥֻ̧ץסʦֵӣȻ˵ǻҪȶð
ղʦ˵ֻҪһͣʮʦָСʦܾͻӱׯ
һֱûͣѲǽͲˣ
ҪҪԼȥһˣ컹ûڡ
˵ţͿһµСܹƺ׷ǰ
ߵſڣС˳үӸڱׯˣ˵һֱͣĻڱׯҹٻ
ʮ⻰ʱ׼Ҫһˡ
һʱ̿϶ͣˣʦҪСʦܵĻԼȥ
Ȼ˵֪ˡȻʦ˵ô󣬲Ҳڸ϶һ죬Ѿʰ˿ͷλڿͷкúϢ
ʮѾʦԼû뵽ȴʦˬʵصǾ߶ˡ

Сǰɰŵڹ๾졣
˿鲼棬ƿ˸ӣͷһΣȻֽӸǻأ֡
겻ͣ˵ڱׯЪ°ɣû飬ڳ׼ŵʱ͸˳ȥ׼Լ
ׯѵѵ࣬
óûбˣʹ³ڷЩȪټǿһʡ
׼˼ˣֻʣûժ߲ˮطԱߣѾϴɾˣȴ¹
ͷŽǸûᣬֻ
񲻾ͿԸһ𵽺ɽȥԣ˳һļȻһԿ
ϧ칫
ڳлҲԺˡ
˿̣Ժֻʣ°ʦֵܶˡ
ͷȥˣֻʣʮŷӴ
˵أʦ
˶ˣʦܻﱣƣֱʯ
һ̧֣صһİᰵļȻ£˵ǵýʦɣ
ʦѾˣ͵ǻȥ
ⳡûϵôãǶллٻȥ
Ҳ֪ʦǻˣֱһСЩׯǡ
ʮ֣еЩ˵ãǿ֪ľǣʦܸС֮ദʱʣôˣҲ֪˼кúøûС
Ӧһ֪ŵⴰ߿
ǳҪôҶԡ
лиⶼ֪ڣڳ㹻Ķȡ
ֻǰͷ²ͣ꣬ͣˣھҪ̻ȻҪʦ뿪
ǲͣҲֻܴűᵽɽȥ
Ϊл֮ǰء
ţ֪Ҳڿϧ겻ܳȥ
صߣŽڸոʦɵĵط۾ݶ
ʦֵܶ񽻻λãʮʼ磬ڰ᰸ոĵطȥ΢ƿһЩ죬һͷ
ղӦС
ڴҶѾﳷˣùİӻûȥļزڰϡ
ʮ̲סӴһ
տűϰġ
һʼֻܿڰϣڼкģ˵ͻͽ
ڴߣعͷڴϵİᰣ˵С
Ӧһ룬⵱ȻǴɰ
ĿѾ֤бԼˣҲܺúչԼҲΪʲôʦ˵ʦͣһʱ˵á
лŵƫԺӸòԶ
պõķһڴߵʮŵķ
ɵһȻп㰡
Էˣ磡
ժΧȹִ
󣬸һŷ˵Ѿ߸Сˡ
Ѿлпãǰ
겻ͣ£ⶼţ»û̫ɽʱѾȵȼ˵ơ
˶лҲȿһ㡣
⻹ԺСѾߵʱڣûʲôչֳյصġ
лоýһõĳպгܽׯ׼ķѾģɸһͱȴر
Ըʢ
Ѱ˼ҵ˷̡
лӣտգʵѩأ
˲ڣѩҲǸڱġ
ЦеصöѩȥЩ
˵䣬ѩʳУԽƫǷŶԺȥ
Ժûڣû˿Ķ
ѩҲûпҪߵļ䷿ǰȥֻű˵ģԺ󣬾ȴʳз˵Ͼת뿪ˡ
Ů뿪֮ԺȻס
Ƭ̣һȴĵش򿪣һӰźõʳǰһѰȻ˳ޱȵذԭ·ص˴ذȴϡ
᰿ʦȥתͷŸʳлֻü
ʮʳУȻŵͬղԼŵζһϢ滹꣬ʱֺЦʦܹԷˡ
˭͹ģ
ţҪǱĻ͹ۣע⡣
Ҫ˹Ļǲͱ¶ǵĴڣ
ʮѾкüʳУķ˶˳
ժ֣һʢһ߶ʦ˵ȻС͹ģߵŮ
˵̧ͷᰣ˼۾ܵ˼ҵԺȥ˼ҵŮô֪ܲĴڣ
ᰣ
ƫлű˵öѩͷȥԺּѩӰ˽ɫ糣ػص˱󡣰ЩʱջᵽԺȥΪ׺ŮѩȻ֪ôһ˵ġ
ֻǰصݣⶼ뿪ˣȴ˰
뵽ӰʲôӦлֻеЦá

޸8.12һ

8.1ʼ
ᰵľҲ, ׯϳԵлǳԳˡ
лӷ룬Ҳ֪Լ˶ˣķ̫óԣȻһƽճԶ롣
, ϲܶ, Ǳͬһȥʳ
꣬кɽĺþȥ, ׯϵĹ¸, ЦݵصҪڲʱɽ, ɽ, Ǻܺõ֮
ɽ̶ˮ, Ƕ㡣
Ȼÿϧ, ׯҲͦ󣬳ɹ´ŵתתҲ
һ, ׯ÷ǳ¡
лһͬһ, һ߿ľºһԴԵӡ
δִҶ˲Хֻ, ҲȻȤ
ͬ˵Ǵһֲģεĺ, eׯЩҾֳֶӴ, 䡣
л΢΢, ֶԱ˵ͷӦøҲסһϲġ
ø˵ĺе
ǵĸڳеãҲζæµʱ䶼١
һܹϵĵӷסһסһá
ţ˵ׯλڶϷ򣬸ﲻ֪᲻ʲôӰ졣
Ӹ˵ͷҪүׯϣеɣ⣬Ȼ⻰ʱ˪һˡ
Ϸ򣬶ү˵ã
ⲻζeׯүԶҲܹˣ
ġæӦһӾ͹ȥˡ
ΪԤξ£ǩġ
һССѾȥˣڻǷǳ衣
ȷɺãţŸֱ۷ɢע磬ȥǱ߿
лпָķ򣬺˳ӵرôߡ
ö˽ׯһȦ˲Ȥľɫ
ǰǰﵱϰĳأȷʵ̫˷ѣлӦߡ
ȵ֮лҲʳˡ
صԺö˾͸ȥϴ
Ѿ׼ˮ
ׯϰ䣬˺ҲҪ滻ġ
ÿһʱﶼż·
޵Ҳ򵥣׼ı첻ôã䶼ڰ϶ԸϾͲ֪ڴ˯˯ùߡ
ϴ˴ϵı죬
Ȼ뵽ԺЩŵķǶбģʱߵİܹеطסԺȴֻʰ䷿
˹£ûжı죿
ڷʦֵܶţȻ˳
ǶѸٵطϷѾԿյʳУȻϿŷű򿪡
С˽һϱͷ죬һĨˮ衣
߽¶Ϳʼɨ䣬һߴɨһ˵ߵ˿ã˵öѩסһ䣬ǹɨ
ǰҲѩʲôʱſģȻͬˡ˵ˣֽһ㣬ʰá
һСӦһ˾ͷɿôʪĲѴӶһ飬ʵıӣŴ˳ȥ
¹ϣֻʣʦֵܶˡ
˶ΧǻҳķϣϷһۣŲŴϷǻҳķµĽӡȥ
ʦֵܶڵϣʳû
ʦֿ֣̺õı죬߹ȥһ¡
󣬰ᰰŵʳзϣȻ˹ʦ˵СãûӸǣ׼˱졣
ǱţᰵĿϷĺξҪʦֿˡ
һеˣһеԼݱٴΰһ㡣
ڶɣׯϵ׻ж˲֪ԼлߣӰˡ
ɽһʦ׻׻̵򲻿ǰ¶м
Щúãƫƫʦʱ¶ڡ
֪ȼʦԼʣٵ
˱ȥڵķ̺ãöѩϵڵķס
ʵ˻ͬסһ䣬ڱð᰸ʦסһ
ȵͷ͸ͷˡ
վ䣬һԼЦ˵ׯЩһ𣬾ƾڣѾ͵ӵķȥˡ
ٺȾƣҲûиһȹƣȻð
꣬ׯϳҹҲûʲôģøһƷ̸졣
Ÿڵʳлûջȥ֮ǰԶѩС˵Ҫǿڵʳͳˣһ¡
ѩȥɡ
Űĵس˷ţԼķ쾮Ե᷿ȥˡ
лͬѾϴ軻·ڵµš
ɫѰͣ
¹ֱ߷Ź³ϵһھٱСá
硱ղ֪ļҵĹŮôõԼɩܹһƷƣʫ
лһЦ̧ٻСһùö˵¶á
һȻ·ûʲô󾢣Ǹһ˵ߺȾƣԳ͹Сˣ⼸¶ǾѾ΢Ȳ֪ٺȶͳ
һˣƷ裬ֻǸɴǰһˣ˾Եϡ
⣿лûӦֻεؽöѩ
ȶѩԺŰͻ˷䡣
űڴɺãлжԶѩһԺҪſǧȾơ
úʵ̫ˣһʧȥʶ
ҪǷ棬۸ȥ
ѩҲǵһμʶľû뵽ôӵĻ̵֮ͷǡ
Ȼ׼ˮӣ¯º˲裬ֻű֮ϡ
ԺԵԶȥһξ
ξ֮δˡ
ǽ˾ƣξ
֪ԼΣΪʧˣˣӦǽ＾
Ѿȥõɴֻصϡ
ξμԼׯɴڳ׼
ǰᰴȻ˳ӳȥ
ȡ
ֹסֻܿΧһз·𶼱ãµҲʧˡ
ᰴܣÿһȳȥƲһ
ΧӹľǷ磬ģɫ顣
ԼʰҪԼȥҪĲ˻ûꡣ
ɰȴ˵ܣȵ˵ط֪ˡ
Ҳͱţһ뿪Ժӣ˺ɽϡ
ɽ±ϵ÷ϣᰴ˴׳֦ϣ
ͷԼ˫ţǲӦÿڵķï÷
÷ڿµĵط¿ȥߵúܣϱȥʱµɽ»ҪߣⱲݶϴľ뻹Ҫߡ
ľԵȵ˵ڣ㲻ȥġ
šĻñǿŸѾõһڰ
ʰΪʲôԼǻûڣɽϵķһϵɴˡ
ҵɴ
ȥץǿɴȴָߡ
ϻǳ컨˰̣¶˰ǰ
𿴡
̧ڵԵĿϣȴȫ⡣
ξʲôʱ顣
ϱӰȥ磬ҪȢԼǰһա
ϣȻȢҵӣԸԸ޸ң

޸8.12Ķ

8.1ʼ
ûӦ
ԼôȻμ˽¡
Ȼۼһ
װ, ѻ鸾ŮõȽ϶, δŮõȽϳ
ձۼǽɫıɴ, һ, ǰƮ, Ȼ˱, ոյɴ, סס
ᱡĲϺ, ҰеİҲʡ
ڳ׵ӣĸͷ¿һ
ǰһİҪЩЦһ
ڱע, ̧֣ȥϸŵ㲻˵Ļ, Ҿ͵Ӧˡ˵
ҡ¹ײ, ʶر۾͸еԼĶͷһ¡
۾ʱ, ǰҰɴ
ᰵǰ˵һ
Ȼһţ˾ȥ
һ˲䣬ϵ÷׷֦ͷ, 
ҰһƬ÷
ᰡҪȥץ, ôܰ, ô뿪
, , ÷סˡ
ûץԼԶȥˣΪΧξʼˮһȥ
ͣˣҲѾչ˱һҹĶѩ˿ſϳ˯
ڴϣ۾
̧һֻ֣ͷ⿴˼տʼЩϤʶ
Ƭ֮󣬽ַŻԼĶͷϣ⵽Σǰ
ӴĶǰĶѩҲ˹
ѩ۾ʵˣûﲻ
ҡҡͷ˵ûС
ڴƬ̣ȻʶѩҹҺ˾ƣǽչ𣿡
ҡѩѾȥ·ϣȻˣǺܹԾ˯ˣûзȣҲûˡֻ˵ԺͷȾơ
⴩·ϴûʶѩû
Ҳ֪Ҫѩ϶ˣҲǰʡ
˺ܿôľɫɵפƬ̡
ԺһбϴֳɫϵҲƽն˼ֳγ
һµĿе泩˵߰ɡھԱߵķʱûʲô˴Ҳˡ
Ѿ׼ţһͼѾ
˹Ÿк
лпʵˣ
Щ˼ˡ
ǰ£л˵˾ͺãһȾƣ˽¡
ţԭҪȥÿӣĻɵÿһۣʲô£
ǽ첻ڱׯϰ
ֱЪһҹʡĹ򣬴͵ͷȥϰͺˡ
ôһ˵ҪбҪæӣ
лпƬ̣ʧЦͿˣ˽ʲô𣿡
⻹ûѩѵĸʮ٣ǻҪȥѣȻٸһȥ˳
ˣĸʮˡ
סһĻҲˡ
˵Ҫһ㡣л˵԰ɣ֮Ǿͻȥ
ӦһԼʱԺ
һׯ׼嵭ͣö˾͸Ե
ճյһҹѾ˲٣ֻˮõĻ·ϵİݴлǵĻˮĳһͽˮ
ʱ򣬳ѾˣڳⶼʻϢ
˳ǣһ·⡣
ȥףҪ˵Ѿͣˡ
һһ˳ȴûжȻҲҪͬǰһֱӽ븮С
ֻһãлͷ˰֡
СҪţ׼ɱ鷳ˣ⻹ǸϽȥɡ
Լٻѣױû磬ͬѩһҴȥ
л·ӡ
᰿űӰ뿪
ҹԺ˯ˣûлڻҪȥʦˡ
ʮ״̧ʦܵļ˵ˡ
ⲻ֪ᰵĹھڽա
صԼԺӣݺ衢üѾǶѾͷš
Ƕţ֪쿤ڱׯϲһҪϴ硢£ͬһȥϷ˺١
һ˾ӿ죬ˮѾ׼ˡ
ݺ衢üűȥ£ѩ֣ǰűϴԼȥҪ·ͷû⡣
ԡͰŻˮɿϴһ裬Ȼ·
ݺͻüɣһ÷٣һʱ˵ױݡ
ͷ棬ٻĺ£ʱһݵСѾǶɵˡ
ǴܾǵĿԽԽÿˡ
ͻȻúÿظı䡣
ճڱߵûôǿĹ۸УСѾǲڱǰ̣ռôһȫױ£ֲ̲ͬ
ΧһƬױǰתʵôˣҴÿ𣿡
ÿݺһ¼ߣԱ˵ɫÿˡ
šüͷ˵˵öഩЩɫ·ÿ
ⲻǣǾϲ۵ɫ
ȼѩҲԼͷ˵ÿŷ
ã˵߰ɣõˡ
Ϸʮ٣ȥٲ絽ŮȥȻҪһЩ
˿̣滹һȷһһҲȥѣ˹Ȼɴ
ֻڣлжδ֣αǰϥһ񣬽ĸס
תĿⴥϵɴϱ¶˼ֵǣϻû𣿡
ΪӵĶҧͿҩɴ飬ǰվѾ֪ˡ
ֻû뵽ôչ˻δɴժ
˳صûʲôģùҩ⣬ҪţȵھͿժ
ⲢôӰ죬Էġ
Ҳվԣ˵ĸ׿ʲôҪҰæģĸһ㡣
Цü䣺ãҼš
ѾױϣڳлȴԼԺ
һ齵ԺӣԺʹˡ
ڳУлͬԼߵôӰİᰣǰ˾ǵʮһ𣬰ݼǵʦ
Уʦǰ¹һ
һԣʦͽ֮ȴ֮С
ԼСӣĿȰַ
лվԱߣʦͽ֮󣬰᰾ͲԼӰˡ
룬֮Ҳûվߣȥߴվš
лдӽ֮һֱû˵ֱ˿̲ǰͬһ񣺡
Ȼ֮ǰȺˣ˿̿ŵǸӱ緢ʵ꣬˻ǺǸп
˰֣񡣡
лֱ˵ܣҪգһ֮ˡ
վʦлеĻּԼһۣ
лʢ顣ȴЦСͽȻѾǽձҪˡ

8.1ʼ
ԺУѾ, ȫװ
ϵ, Ӵ򿪵һһ˳ȥ
ĸ׵ʮ, 䲻, Ͼġ
Ů, Ƿ޺, ܸҴĺôˡ
, ĿԼŮϡ
ԭ, ڴ
αϾŮࡣ
ڱ, ò׻صԼߵĺӣֻϣܹ޵, ƽ˳, ϲŻһЩҲûϵ
ĸ׽Լ, תĸߣסֱۣ
ѣÿĴ磬ϲ
Ůֿ, ˵մÿĸ˶Ȼϲ
ѡġձֳǳǳ, ĸϲʲô, ﵱȻˡ
㰡Ц, ššŮıǼ⡣
ԻԺ, ĺĶֻǸߵĳ
ҵˣ˾֮⣬⻹ûм
˵ϻиˣûʲô˸˵ˡ
Ա˵ϲ£˵ȴǡ
˿̻ûξѾԤչȥԼ˳ǺεΡ
ȥֻΣͽˮۣˡ
ֵƬ̣εл٣ĸס
մһ£һ߳ޱעĿ
ŶӣеϲԱ
վĸߣ磬޵ÿ
лпһ磬Ҳ˵Ҳÿ
ö˻വһЦ˳
˵ûʲôܱȵԼһ˫ŮҪá
ˡЦȻˣǾͳɡ
ĸŮͬһлеһ
лӦǡ˺ϡ
վԭؿлвŵӣ
ٴλ˶ֵͷ
ֻϧûôȥϵЩˣҲûҵԴĽˡ
ͷѹ£ڱҲ
ʼǰУδǰʻ룬ȴûйرա
Ƭ֮վѾͬǣȽһͶ뿪İһҲӸгĴ·ϡ
ȥٵĳӱߵһҪࡣ
ڳԯϵСݡͿʼǰȥ
ȴǸٵĳȫͬķһһԶȥ
صʦͽˡ
ʦǵ˽ѾҪȥʵָԵı
˵ҪͶ뿪ʱʮҪھһʱ䡣
ԼӵԵú⣺ɽҲûʲô£¾°ɡ
δ˰ߣҪȥʮˣȥҲʡһġ
ʮôЩ꣬ʮҪ£ҲȥѰŵ㡣
һӦлбʮͬԼ顣
Ȼէһߣû飬һʱҲϰߡ
ʮȴѵݣлеĻ
⸮̻ʲôʱ뿪ʲôʱߣޱɡ
ʮʾŷǳ⣬Сʦܼ˼۾
;Уֻʣ°᰸ʮʦˣʦͬС
ʦͽ͵齵ĿջǾͻ˻Լ
ʦԣʦɽǧʱλãֺδġ
ֻǵǸСкѾҪꡣ
ںɫľװУļ֫޳
һѽ֣˾ͷ·һеıһطâ
뿪֪󷽵ĳһϾԼϲˡ
ʦʮʦֶǶ໰ˣﰲ
᰿ڳϣŻȥ֮ʦǲǾͻԼժߣӰ롣
ϾһڰˣҲȥҵġ
ȥ˳ĳУĸһһֻСһĸףͬߴߴ˵ŻҲϲŮ׽·ҪЩȱʧʱ⣬ӱز
ڶ棬ᱡɴסҲڹϵ顣
ֻڱ˵ЦʱŻЦһЦ
͸ɴԿϵĻȡ
ַ̧ŮĶһ黨
˿̻֪Լٻȥʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
һǷʱ򣬱Ͼʹźɫļ¡
ҲǴɣһϴȻǺɫѡ
ֻϱǻɫǽεĺġ
һ𣬷ֱ֮Ͳ
һܻټһ졣
нԶתǴײ
˳ԶҪֲִܹ
Ϸ˵ʮ٣⸮д磬ٵıŮ
˳ĳҲͷӭ͡
˳Ժһʱûˡ
ԴǳճŮ޽Ժڸгֽ
˿ͷͣ£ͼٵı;Ѿ˲١
ǵһε˳
ϣվĸԣ˳Ĵš
䲻ɣҲǵҡ
ĸŮˣлȴû
һЯһŮ˵ʹǵ̨ס
վſӭ͵˳ĳӣҲĳԣ
Ϸʮ٣ǳٳ֡
ԣδϮֻһְȻпӭӱ͵ġ
˳ôųʱĿ˹֣˴˺ѣ·˳鹻Ի͵ʱ
硣Я˱Σǰ
ԣһãӭˣ
̨£ҲѾϰĿлδŵıͶۣԣҲˡ
⡭
ⶼүҸĸ׼ĺ񡣡
ԣϺ˵ãվĹܼȥЩ񶼰úá
һֱԹ۲Լľ˸
ϱӣ˳֪Ҳࡣ
¿˸ǺõģΪҲûʲôǸ
ζ˸ȴʮ˽⡣
лڼҪá
ֻлڼãûһ˶Ҫļ
ĸ״ϲԣԸܼңЦض˵һǳˡ˵ţĿ˱ϡ
ʶģûľӦǱˡ
һϥһ񣬿гƵ˸
ãúӿԣŮڣڳԪǰظ棬ѾĽѰôһ顣
ַ˱⣬ϸؿ˿Ȼ˵۾㡣
ŸĻ̲סЦ
ûףֻž˸ҲʮֵӣЦñĸ׻Ҫ
Цˣ˵иġ
УԼĵط۾ŮȴòףԣΪ˹˵һ䡰ˡѾ˾ҵһǿ˵ģԲɵʵ񣿡
Ҳ໰תͷͶһ˵жɡ
ԣһǡЩ졣
δΪζ죬ͼһ
ݿ÷õ˭
ле˫ȷʵҲ˸ֻе̬ͬ
˫Ȼָ£һֱûȥ˵ǴŽ֪£ΪԼĶһ˵ġ
һ£Ȼ⾪ΧıͣҲԣ
Сжԣ̽ŽһǵԼǲߵģô
ע£лͬһ̨ף˾˸ǰ
ԣԼҪһЩչһЦԼ˸

Ӧ8.13Ķ

8.1ʼ
ۼſڵıԭȥ, Ҳͣ˽Ų
ӣ
һ˵ţһ۾¹תһȦ
ӸӣھжĿӡ
ѾףӡӻûС
лԨżϯϼţӼлȴټˡ
, ˶˵Ǳһ˫ȸ, Ǳ绹Ҫʵ
һ֣ȻǽƲۡ
дʵӵʲôʱõģ
עΧĶ, ЩҲС
˵, ˵ŴʦһֱҽΡ
Ŵʦ˭ҵ˷컨ķ, ⳡѲŰʥ֡
ڿл֮Ѿͬ, һҲʮ, ǶԿŴʦҽԽ֪
һ, еĹŮֶһѡ
һһ㣬ʱ;ýһøֵˡ
ԭǳ, Ѿǰ䰰ϡ˳ף, 뻹õһϢ
뵽һ֮־һ¡
ϻŮԭΪôѾ߻ԼҶ, û뵽ȴھйŮǰͷֵùм͡
, ̱ĶȺˡ
ΪܽϢһֱ, ͵öӳ
ø, ǻˣǽ֪ˡ
ĺ£̩ϻԺŷġ
һ룬ǿĿҲˡ
ԣҲع̧ļȻЦúúã̫ˣ
⼸áȫǷԷθ
Ϊܹ糣ߣΪϲһݾϲоԼ˰Ů͵ȥСסʱǷ˼
һʼرͬ⣬ڿȴǷԶ
ܳɣǾ̫ˡ
ԣһʱ件ϲö֪˵ʲôŶԣԴȥֿ̫̫ͻô࣬վӭӣܵʵ尾úܡ
ͷβվԵζûеõһֵע⡣
Ҫ֪ڹȥ꣬εԼŮÿÿ˳ʱԣΪ˸ȡ
ʱ뿪Ƭ̣ȥ̫̫һϻˡ
һʱϲӭ
ϽĹǰĿ˱ϡ
ĸ
Цۣ޵ÿȻ֣̫̫ѾˣǸϽȥ
ס֣˵æ㿴˭
ʲôȫȻûעվԵ˭ֻڸԼɷ˵ļҹӣĻĿͶлУʱ;ˣ֡ѽһ⡪У
ĸлͬһ
Ͼϲԣվһԣ㾪ȣֻ˵벻ɣеȺˣ
һ˵ţһ߳Ӽ˼۾
ĿͬһཻȻ뵽һȥˡ
޶˵۾
Ϻܿػع˵ǾҪȥ̫̫ˡ
˵ţһһű⣬лиϽһȥ
ԼϲĹкˣЦӯӯ˵Щ
лЦһҲȥ
ͷβûбעȭǰ
ʲôСӵȺˣ
˳ű͵ĶҲϢ
԰ӣмΧֵܶжһ뷨
Լ˵ĻϴȻ
˳ϥһһŮԣ顣
ȢŮȢŮȢ˽Ů֦ɢҶΪ˳˺Щ
˳ȥԺϮ¾һֱûж¡
ԣΪճӣջӦϮλá
ϳ׶꣬ϥ¾ֻŮûжӡ
·򸾶ҲʮˣҪ᲻
Ϯ˳λԺٲôȥҪܵܵĶϡ
;£ҪͬǴһλ
ͬһģϴãռⳤӵͷ
ǳҪ̳˳ҲУǾȴǵĶһ̹ȥ
ģ
ЩģҪ׷һӣȻ˳ɷټļҵ̳
ּ֮ͬҲãּҲã֮Ҫռλá
ôЩ꣬ȵһֱԪǰ
˳û綨ĸ̳УԣҲȷʵƽӹЩ
ⱾѾû˳ϣֻ»˥䡣
ֵץ£ֺγǲУ
϶˵ҵ֮࣬ھһָ
öģڼʮǰ͸ŷĶķϳһ
ǻ˭ң˳ἦȮ
ֱ⣬ϷΪǵĸףҲһľá
˼ԾһֱװźͿû鶨
ڳǵŮ͵ȥСסʱ򣬶֪ɩʲô⡣ңǵŮͬɩŮҲǲͣϸϾһݣҲһŮ͹ȥ
ûڣͬҪȴ⵽Ļؾ
ҲǷǳ繣ں
ͬɷ˵леȺ£ֻͬƧĽüԹ̫̫ԶôǵôҲˣ
һ԰ҲͬͬɷԹƫġ
һĸͬãôͷֵóŵˣ
ûصǰôͷֵóŵˣû𣿡
ûгɻ֮ǰôֹУͬ궼ǲġ
ûʲôӣҲӣЩȤ϶ģӦͬ׽һЩǡ
ϼ˽ǹкѣͱѰĹɩҪ࣬ûɩ֮ȻΪ˾Ǵ󷽵壬ִ֪硣
׵ʱ̫̫Ϊϱס޷ģϸϡ
̫̫޽Ժȷʵס϶
϶ûˣҲûٽķ
ǣҲǾͷ¶ץ
ǵСüȥԺ󣬼λҶϳ˰
䣬һĵģڸԳɼ֮ȻͻԶǸ֮꣬Ǳĵġ
ǵƵĲˣˡ
⻰ܹ
ֻһ˦ӣͷصⱧԹһգϽأȥ˵תߡ
ǵɷ˦ƹ̫̫ڵ塣
ϸһҪǣһ߻Ҫͬ˷ԸдñͣиϽȥүС
ǶĶӣһ
ǣûж׵ĲǶӣŮ
ҪռȻ
԰Уĸ࣬һ԰еľ£һĸ׸ĸ̸
ڸмլ֣ÿλصңż
ɩɩھ˼ο֮󣬾ͽԶˣһԼԺΪѵ⸮лòס
Ͼ˵ˣϲ
˶Ȼլһ̶ˮû˼
Ѵ˵ֹۣһ㣬ֻϧֹۻҲã޽ô꣬ϥҲֻŮ
ΪûӣȷʵԲЩϮ²ųƤ졣
һ͵ϻǸƹˣж
ԭͬ˵Цţ⻰ü˼ֳ
̾һҲظԼСȻҡҡͷ
ջĿ⣬ϵĶȻԼĸ׿οֱ
Ҫ˵

8.1ʼ
ϯûпʼ
Ϸ, ϴżɫӣĵԽ
ͱ̫ҪС꣬ͷǺģҲرᡣ
ȻϮ, ϱֶɫ, ƾС
ЩλװͿӹõҲڡ
ߵѾ˵ŮˣԼǣҵŮ, ̫̫ѾڴòС
ȼŮϱһ, ߻ߵڵŮ, ̫̫ʱվ
һ, æһ˫Ůĸǰ
̫̫ͬ˵һ黰, ȻŮӶõ̫̫ǰ
һվĸ, ͬɴһҲ̫̫˵ףٵļ黰
̫̫, ۾, ·ôҲ
ȵһ˵̳꣬ű˵ĸ㣡
Ⱥֵø, ﵽǻܼŵģŮȴΪǼϻ, һ
ϷøŮ, ⿴, ǿ˼ʮĸ׻ʲôӡ
һӶԼš
ȥ̫̫֣ؿš
̫̫֣ϸϸһȷڶãŰˡ
Ա߿ţ˶̲ס΢ۿ
̫̫ջŮϲòУ̧־ͰϴֻѪ˱ϡ
̫̫˵ĸļ񡣡
Ѫ̫̫ãѾ÷ǳӨ󣬳Ů׵ʮ֡
ӵĹأæҪƻȥĸҲš
̫̫˵ĸľǸġ
һĻУĿô̫̫꣬Ҳû˵ҪӸ
ڱһʲô¶ռˡ
ֹеĲʡ
ˣ壬Щȴʱð
ʮֲϲʧصĸо
ûˣ
⴫һЦҲ˹Ϻͽϡ
ϸһţüϷ˰ǴźĺɫѵСϴʱµǱ⡣
ͻʱûȥҲûͰ͵شȥ
ˣ沵һμ⡣
һĻȷݣҲ̫̫ƫĵӲϱôŮȲŮˣ
һ̳˵Ŀűߡ
ɷԵ˵ѽѽиˣ
һȿ˿ڣҲЦݵں׷ȥһϢ͸Ͻˣ⻹ûмء
վԱվţʡĵˣֻᣬԱ˵Ⱑĸţš
ŮǳϱЩΪͣȴûӣ̫̫Ը˭̫̫ϲ
Ļּĸ׶ԼͷǲŶĸ˵лĸ
ãá̫̫¶Цݣ۾ϲŮֱ
һǳ׵
˾ˣͬղǴʱһ
Ů꺮ůһȻȥոո̫̫˵껰лС
ϸҲȻ˹űϸϸͬ˵ؼҪϰߡ
һ˵ţҲס⿴
ϵ㻹δɣһĵ
ϵĻ£Ͼ͸ŵıˣ⣬ǺӾǻգҶҪúѧѧ
ֻЦŲ˵ȴζ
ôǶԼȣڱ֮󣬶Լ̬Ȼûб̫ϸ¾ǵȫһ
ϸһͬ˵ţһļԼȥжǹôû
ŮΣؼǶӣʱһϯǶûĻᡣ
˶µӰвһһ͵תͷĿڿнһΡ
վм䣬оõĸ֮İӿ
󣬾ͼϸתͷŸԵĶӵǻбã
֮ǰ֪ԼĶ˸ϥ¶жӡ
˵ĵͱ꣬з磬˵ĶҲ࣬ơ
֮⣬ϥеľͶˣҲꡣ
ҪԼĶӹ̸ָ֣Ҳǵӡ
ֻͬŴǸ׵ӣټ٣͸ḡ
˵ͬıȣǸѰѫ˼ҵһҲҪ֡
ǵĸǿƣпԼֻͨзǳǳһȢŮ
ֻҪȢ˿ȻܶԼ
ǰǿʱÿιͷ磬ֵܶ׷ŲţԴס
εع⣬ٽڱ飬Ҳ֪ˣҲζԴջıá
ĸ׵˵ڸģȴǸġ
ȻѪȴǱѾ߽ġ
߶ѫ˼˵ʲôĶϱѡ
øǻᣬǿԼ©
ǰ߰˵ΣӲù
ջı⣬Ҳǵúƭ
зԼõѡΡ
δСŮŮòģ컨Ҳֻǰ΢覡
ڱ⣬ûұѾܳʲôģ
ƾ;ԼȢ˱á
⵽ǹùõŮôһ
ռ޹ױ϶
ĸ׵ĻܹڼʱĿⶼŮˡ
⴩ĺѣִŸѪӣԽԵ÷֬覣˷·ڵĹâС
Ƶؾ͸еòյҪʤһ
˲ɵþ˽ŲĿżС
з磬˿Ҳû˵Լ
ĿʮУɵ
ˣ׽İᰣ˳֮ǰҲǿ˼񣬴δ¶ͼԣеʵĿ⡣
ֵܶȫȻûԼͻ
һǰз¶һЦݣǱã
ԡеضԱ˵⣬з硣
һҲæƱ硣
Ҳ΢Цá
λ硣Ǹղŵı֣Ÿô
ԿŶˣﲻ֪Ǵʲô⣿ֱ̲סҪЦ
ֵܶ˲˵ͬųμı׽׽
Ȼû֣лоͽ˸˾֮ĺѣ˳
⿴Ÿ絲ԼǰסͶߣ翪ڵз磬ơ
ֵܶ˼ǰ䲻ضһˣֻлпȥʱһ㶣б硭
ǻϰ߼лվűԼߵӣ
˸ǰǸһ
лɫֵܿġ
ʱԣ˽˵ϯ쿪ʼˣĸףǸóȥˡ
ڴŵĶԼˣͶ棬ֻʱˣϷ˵ǳ硣
ϷԭڸŮ˵һЦݵشվ˵áȻֳű֣⣬
Ӧһ̫̫ȥ
ϴɴʼԱ͸ˡ
̫̫ɱߵʱǴɴǡΣ
ĸҡ
ɴӦ
һ£˵עˡ
ôǰҪԼϱģ¼ɴģɵص˵컨Ѿ𣿡
ղžȫεз硢Ҳ
׷תαã컨֮Ǿû
Īİ̫ԣôࣿ
ȻҪɴסŸ·˿
ȢǽûĻϵġ
ѾǰǾƲܿˡ

Σ˭ǣ

8.1ʼ
δ, ̧סࡣ
⿴Ķôˣ
ǰΪûһȥeׯϰ
ⶼѡ񾲹䡣
ĳϣܶˡ
˵Ƭ, ڵʲô, ǰϱӶҧһ£СﰮƯŰˡ

ڳ˶ͷ
ĸ˵ûη, ɴ˵, ҩ, ˿ڼù, ͷʱʹɴ
Ϊ, Աûϵ, ԰ɴժɣ
ԣзҲɴ֮µʲôˡ
һα, ôҵġ
γһۡ
ʱ򿴱Ŀ, ڿԼҲһġ
ΣǺ, ͰɴժɡΪֻһףʹɴ, ôԽ
Ӧһǡ, Ȼ̧, ϵڶӡ
أɴ
עһ˲Ҳûд
ɴµ˲䣬ԭΪ˵ɴ֮»űӶҧĺ㡣
ǵȵɴԺ󣬵µļȴװɣƽϾ
ȻΪȪˮԵʷ·ϸĹâҲ͸Ȼ͵Ů
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ǳһЦ
ǰǷѾ˵ڴֵһգʱж˼־ޡ
ץסģνյױݡ
еױݣʺŮʵǳ٣ʮ֮ʺϵʽͶ
ճʱҲš
ʱѾй֮ЩױѾʺϡ
ϥֻһӣûŮԾͳùеС͡
ҲʱסĻ
ѡױ滨ױص͸Ͼ
ϣͬյѷͣϵƷǾ䡣
žһȽȽ滨ɴ£ǰʢ
⾪޲Ʊ⺣ĺͶĿʺҿչ¶
зֵڼηɴ֮˵Ŀж¶˾ޣͬ׷ʱһĿ׷벻
һɵ
ֵ֪ܶ˵˼֪ǵĸڴʲô⡣
ϱӾͿˣⱲȻҲһⲻζܽԼתȥ׷⡣
׷Լűߵĳתͷȥ׽˱һ
ǣҲֲתȥ׷ˡ
ûмǰӣɲÿնܼıȴע⵽ϵĲͬ
Ҳһ㡣
Σ̲ס̧ȥε࣬ˡ
⿴ĸ׵εʱûܣ·𲻵ָὫԼϵķŪ
ĸסεĴߴ˻ϲЦ⣬ӯӯصΣǲһҲˣ
ͷ̲סʵô£
εһҩͿϣϵ˺۶ʧˡǻϲϲذҩȫңҲһԡ
ʵȻأ
ڳŮҲΡ
ЩȻţĿټܻ˰̣˺۸ƽʧҩҲ̲סġ
Чͬһ
תͷˣתϲصĸҲ֪ǰ컨Եʣҵһ˺ۡ˵棬վҩһԣڶͷԭ˰̸ƽˡȵڶգļͬԭûʲôˣֻۣ䣬ҲŴɴ
̲סǰһʵҩĶģѾ˵𣿡
Զҵ¶࣬ǮҲ򲻵ɽ⻰˶β˵ȥ
ûϷ˵ٳѾ˵ǣֻȻصĸҪЩȻҲ˵ĸٳϯϾҪʼˣҿǻȳȥȻͷѰͬĸЩ˵ɡ
γѡ
ԣ⻹Ҫ濪ˣæá
һǼߡ
⿴εֶһʹɴһժھͲ񷽲һ˹ע
ǽϻϣͬ˵ǵŮ˳ļλСڹԺĿҲε
һص˵ĹעУϵЦݾͶˡ
·ֻص˴ǰȫˡ
ջĿ⣬ĸ̫̫˵ĸСĽ¡
̫̫Це֡
һϺϵҲ׵غˣΪȪ
һ׹ԼϣȻҩܹעҪȥ컨µ˺۰ɡ
һĴıǾһվ̫̫ͬף١
ĸߣļ飬ЦǺǵ̫̫¡
˲ָԹλ
ԣΪӣվñ˵˼лĻʾܼҴš
ܼҵͷȥţܿ죬ЩζȾˮһѾһһ̵ضϯʱ
ϯŮ׵λÿżλá
ԣֵܶбȥͬǰٵ˺ѺȾƣֵ֮䰵Ͼˡ
Ůڵϣĸԣ˶ͬ
̫̫һֱ˵ʣµ帮СǶûиĸ׽
οܽʼ£⼸Сűⶼһ顪׽
ΣǴǰθ߸ϣҪڿЩʼ׷ôõģױôġ
׶ഺٰͣһע⣬ϾЩ
һۼҪ˰Сˡ
ⱻ棬Ҳ⣬Ϊ̫̫Բ֮λϣ˵Ρ
ϸһιȥϸϡ
ϸ϶ιעмӣڵõǾΪѰҩ֮оٴλ
ڽõвôϻ
Ŀһתĸһûͬ˵
֮ǰĸ׵Ķͬ˵ãļҲǺܺء
αռĿ⣬⻰űȥֽߵעȫ˱⡣
ڱϣҲͬŮļĺãԼ¶˺۵ļҪϸࡣ
Ѿǵϱӱôˡ
ֻǵؿݻصʱ򣬾Ѿģ
̫̫һЩʳŮǵĻͷ¿ӿԵŮĸûкúÿ
ϸ˱Ƭ̣˵ţȷʵãס
ʱȷʵǳպá
ȻòԼĸףɫ׾ϸȷʵûġ
Ⱨĸ֣ŮȻĸ
ϲҪ˵ƤðҿҲҲ
ϼв˵Ķһ٣ߵûоʲô
ҲĺӣԼҲӦõġ
ϼⷴӦֻϣҿţθߣ׵ġ
ԡЦס
Ͽ˵˼
˳бάһľ
ôָĸһˣ
ŮŮǾͿԲˡ
һһ˶ϱ
ϷԾЦеģųϱ㿪ˣŮûвӣֻű˵ǲһġ
˵ĸĲһ˵ⲻʩ֬۵λһ

8.1ʼ
Ϸ˵ԶһЩ, ȴһ
ϸر, һֱûоʲôҲΪ仰, ϵЦ΢Щ
Ϸƽﶼȥȥ, ˵, һ, ؼʱ̾ʮз, û˸Ҳ
ϸò׼λЦе, ֻǵô˵һ䡣
ǲ˵ǲ֪ô̫̫ĵ, ˳˵ھװȥ, ҪϮѡǼĻ, Ǿһ仰¡
ôûΪϷһֱû˵
ǵĺ, èһ
ƽʱôҰʱҲֻܰ
ʧȥЦɫ
ȻˣϷ˸̫һģʲô, жֲѪο⻹ֵ˳ɫ
ֻһҰѾ, , ͻеԼԽ, Ȼò̫Ŀ, ͹εĴڡ
ǡ
⡭֣еʻԼȼ
ҪƽͣʻѹȥȴǴ὿ߵһ־Ϊתơ
˷ֱߵľƱװľһеǰѻȼյøˡ
бϣлλö̫̫ڵϯ
Χ˳ж
еģٵбгߵļˡ
һٷлг˿Լ˾ϻϾڱϳȺȥףƣ˺չʾԼʣµľǹ۲ǵӡ
ƻãֻżᳯǸһۣзлߣͬŶ汦⡢۾ͼǲǱߡ
л˵Ĳá
ղ˵˽ʱ򣬼ǿԼõĿ⣬лоѾмݲ
˵ŮӺϣҲ֪Լ㣬ȵٳЩ׵˿϶̤żֵǾӣ
ȫǲ֪ˣûзִ硣
ţͼԭڼв˵з϶һ٣Ȼ˿ӡ
л˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻڴĸȻҪϯȥ
ֵУԭƲǸ׽ˣǸ򿴲ͷԲˣԷûж
з羡ʼҪȢΣͬһġ
һע⵽ж˼һת̱Ҫųȥͬűһż
̺ãҪ·ʲôʧˮ֮飬֮˽Ӵ
Ϊ˱ȫŮҵڣȻǻὫ޸Լ
Ѿ뵽ԼȢ̩֮Ǻεȵĵˣܿ׾ͿԼ̳˳һжġ
зţҪӵԱ߾ʹһѹļصذ
з⧲
תͷԵлУֻλִԼļϣ˫ӳԼӰӡ
⿴леģ
зѸһ˱飬ǱѾѾ߸һųȥˡ
ԣзԼ̲ʲôˣԾͷ塣
磿л΢΢һЦʵôˣ
лкϾջ֣˵ãǽзܲ⿼ȡҾ㣬ҵѧ
ܼ̳оλѫӵܣƽҲͶôһܹ˳
ҪͷأҪ߿ƾ·
лʵ飬ĺĺ
зȥμǵţҲǴմ֣뻹Ҫְ
зһεı鶼ˣѵؼЦбͱȤˣʲôĲϣ
лȴǱнԭ򣬿ʼͬ˵˶Ҫ
ǸλõʶԱŲŲ
ϯʱο뿪ջĿʱг߿һۡ
зĶеĶʻ˲ҵһڡ
޷ԼʱܹĿء
Ǳⲻǰûʣʱ̱ѣҪʲôҲᱻҼƻ
ô鷳˳Ǹ̯ӣܰסǾͺˡ
ͷһҰһε賤
ûңֽűлʵɫз磬õıõѡ
ϯ䣬ͷһ紵˾ޱȵˬ
ϵѾţͬһ
ϷŽʲôǣ飬ÿһŮҪȥԼߵѾ߸ţûŮ֮һȥ
ȥ֣֮󣬾ͼѾߡ
Ѿ׼ûݵˮ⽫ֽ˽ȥݣһ׼˿֡
԰صš
ԭΪĸ׵Ķ˭˾һȥԼҲȷʵ͸͸ԲŸ˳
û˵Ǵ˿һˮ֣ʱͱĿ⡣
˵ˮоߵ䣬ԭӰۣ˫ڿͬһ
ԭΪֻԼˣǵȵֲ֮ٿͷȷʵû
˫ֽ۰𪣬ͬһ覴á
ֱܹøһǷǳ˵õġ
ֱ塣
СѾߵʱ֪ϴֲڣ˺ۣôȴһҲ
⽫ݸԵѾߣҪߣǰһ̧ץס
ⱻץ֣Եؿ㣿
ţӦһַȥؿȻ̧ͷҼǵԭЩ˵ģôҲôɾѵΰҩҲˣ
˵ӣֻ˳Ҳǰ˵ûС
𰸵⣬ɿ֣ű˵ߣҾ֪Сӣ϶󷽵ҩָ㡣
ǰڶ˵Ż˸оȥѰҲûеġ
ִϷ
ȪˮЧ̫ãϵ˰̶ˣһҲûɻǲֵġ
룬͵ʵÿ˵ǲһģϵÿ죬Ҳ˲˰̡
һۣȻֲһ˰̣ܹõȫˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ı飬Ƭ̣˵ʵҲؾġ
ؾ
ߵĴѾô˵Ҳ̲סעһЩ
ʵʲôؾ
ڱ֮䣬ȽűĻ
εӱǰڿгǸ˺ܶࡣ
ǰܰѻţǣڸˡ
ڴؿԼֻǳǳ˵ˮ
һ־ͺʲô𰸣
˵жЩ˶ţЩʵ߲ˮ˯Ƥͻˡ
Щɣã
ͷ˵ˮȵȪˮԵ߲˹ϹǴӿռֳģ˵Ķ˯˶Щûġ
ǹĻ
Ҳ˻ϻӣ̲סʵбǿŴʦκõ𣿡
԰Ҳգ˵ʦرһ߻ȥһ˵
Ӧһվȥ·Ȼ̲סʱле⡣
˻صϯ䣬ȣǸȥѾҲص
οűı飬һΰȣ׷ɾ裬Լˡ

8.15Ķ

8.1ʼ
ùţ˶ȥ԰
˳Ȼû, ǵձ
˳Ӿ˵, û˵ġ
ϯȥ, оһȥ, Ůһȥ
ϷȻԺ, 㻻һ·, ԰һߡ
ں滹Ϸ԰ﳪϷ, ֿƲǱȥ, һߺȲһϷ
ϷһȥŮһ, ûеӡ
ûһٴҲмʮΣȫϤú, ֻϧǹ, ֻŮ
ʣµĶǸᶫСˡ
߲ûŮҪһԱ, Լϡ
ҪӵСġ
Ϸ˻Ժӣ԰̫̫Ƚɵ·
ӣվױ̨ǰĸᷢ
˵˳ĲԶ޹ȥô, ÿҲôһλصңܹԼĸ׽
ǰϷ, Ƕչˡ
ǣ, Ǹô, ҲԹ
ȵϷͷϵķ²֮, ˫ַĸ׼ϣӾпĸһۡ
Цˡ
Ϸ̧֣޷
¾ֻڣϻ䣬ڷԸѾ顣
ϷЦŵ˵ͷָ̧Ůϡ
еϵ¶ȣɵõͷͼĸԼ
ӣʵôˣ
Ϸ˻ǰˣȴãŪλҲû̾ͼ
Ϊʲô£ֻοⱦ֪ģ㣬Ǿ͸ǳ׽ˣ
ϷЦЦģ֪ĸǰȻͻɣн֪裬ȴ֪
Щ㵵ؿĸףϷ˵Ůθ㡢Ǽңûйϵġ
֪ӦεôЩꡪ
Ϸ˵֪˵ˣֻСèСôߣ϶Ҳиġοӻﲻ˵ҪԶӦø̬ȡ
˼ԼЩΪǲô޶ȡ
ӱصԼ߿ʼκãҲû˵ʲôһǺ޽١
ΪŮı֣ûвԼε̬ǲǺùͷˡ
Ϸ˿ŮŰ޵ȥЩרһǺլƽÿһŮ˶ҪģҲŮȫûл֮ġ
㲻Ҫű̬ȡŮ֣Ҫ˵̬ȡ
ڻعھпĸס
ϷͿɩɩ˵ĻǾпθһģֺ˵Ļ
ϴ϶ǸԵ˼Ϸ˶֪ģŮ֮ǰҲǿŵġ
ЩǴ϶Զˣûմǵ鷳Ҳûоͷõˮ©һõͻƿڡ
ŮհѺǴϷ˼Ȼѣᵽղ˵
Ҳֻܿ쵶նˡ
˵ҲСˣ꣬ȻĿô˵ҲǵŮȻǲͬġ
ʶӦһš
Ϸ˵￴߷ųϢûȢѰѹذɡ
ЩɣҪ޻̫С˰ɣ
Ϸ˼ŮⷴӦȻᣬѹֻ϶лᡣ
֣ΪصʲôСģ޵ʱ򲻹Ҳͱһ꣬ҪǼ޸ѫ֮ң㡣Ǽ޸µĽʿ⾩лҪģȻǻõġ
ѽȵ֮һеʿ˭Խţͻн
ʱ򣬾ѡѧƷԺõġ
ҲǰƵؽˡ
Ϸ˵ڶӶϱǱãŮһġ
һʱת˶ѣȻͷԼͨˣͻ֪á
ҲͣˣϷ˴ױǰվŮ˵ǳȥɡ
Ӧһ
ղĸ׸μ޳ȥʱûתһ룬ԼȷʵҲǲ;ͶˣȻȵʮͼ޽
ǣûȷʵǸѡ
ֻǶ׶ѣֲ˵Ҫ̾ͳɻ顣
ǰ滹гӵĻ£ȻǴӡӣֵΣҲͻȻ
ôһ룬;ȷʵǺ¡
μ޳ȥֻ֮бߣҲͲõʲôһˮ˲ƽġ
ЩǷģԼרעزҲ¶ˡ
һĽŲϷҲˣЦеͬһߵ䡣
ϷŰѿռ̫̫ĸŮۡ
ڼǳЦӭ˹ﴩҲʦֹȻɡǾͳȥɣϷ̨ǱѾˡ
Ȼص԰УϷеλá
֮¡
Ϸ˼СǾһһȺС죬ҲǺ֡
Ϊոո͸¶ƤõؾԼĺôһ˵˶ѱΧš⾩ÿŵϷͲ࣬ϷǶѾͷˣȻͲôʣ˵ЩȽȤ
ôһСҲֻôЩˣġҵ⼸ǾƶңֻܽעϷ̨ϡ
齥ѾʼͷҵעҲͽ˹ȥ
һֱڵȴŻᣬ̨ϵĹĵܼΧ˽֪ʱˡ
Ů裬϶ŵﶼĲˮο׼ǱȥǱһţǡôذһ¡
Ůһʧȥƽ⣬ʶؽһǰȥ
λǰһŰŮ˵ϣѲ֣Ĳˮõȥ
γһңҲȿͶѸٵ뿪
ȵеϷǿʱֻŮˤڰϣ·СˤˣϷ˵ҹȥ
˳ȥԶϷ̨ϵĶ
һ·ߵĻ԰Ƭ̣һԱ߾Сˣ˵Ҵӣôȥ÷С
С˿·ûϳ˭ȻӦһǡоڵǸȥˡ
οıӰСӦڻ԰ʹƵģ벻ʶԼҲ֪÷Сʲôط
÷С԰һط
԰Ů챻ʪ·Ҫȥµģᱻ쵽ȥ
˸ʱ԰ﱻˮʪȹȥȻٽСзǱȥ
һﻻ·зһײȻ˵ˡ
δ߸ֳЦݣҪת԰ȥ滻ѣ涨Ȼŵġ
зȥҲûõġ
룬ת˸Ҳ÷Сȥ
Ϸ԰УŮˤĵطվһԣֻȿ˱⣺û°ɣ
䣬Ķ¶еĲ裬õϲ̵
ϲһ˹ûйڽš
û£ĸֱߵĲ輸ǲ̣ļ趼ģֻбϵһˡ
ش˵ĻŮսսصū澲Сˤǿūһѡ
ոһˤķӦεѸ٣һץסֱۣڲ輸ײôһס̡
Աʶؾ㣬ûзӦΣͽˡ
һӴԱߵıӣŪһ
˶ûôŪʪ

8.1ʼ
ֻԼŮʪһ, ûгʲô£Ͼͷġ
ÿϯ֣鷳Ҫųʲô顣
һּסŮ, ûס˲̣ûʪ, Ƿǳˡ
, ɵЦſ䱦⣺˿ķӦ졣
Щ˼Цһ£⼸ҶŶһ, öˣͶĿࡣ
£ж, Ϊֻû뵽ô¹
ԸŮȥëëŵ, ĿڻڲӵŮϡ
ǳɫ, մǲվͺԡ
Ůմɫĵطӡ, һӡһ鲻á
Ҳ֪Լ̫ŲŸֲñˡ
ϼŮģֻ˵˺ˣȥһѱǡ
̧ͷ, һ˵Ż, ȴҪʱ뿪
, ǵĻ֪˵ȥˡ
ˬ鲻ˬӦһǡҪϯ
⿴ĶȴǱһ¡
ŮֻմһնҪȥԼմһǿԲ⣬ҪõԼϵĻٲԼҪȥˡ
⸮ֵһϤǸߵġ⽫Լ룬̾;ò㣬׳Щ¡
ойŮΪײò¼ˡ
ڽǷ޺ĻǾͲھдģڼҸĸ͸Ŀڣ˽¸Ůˡ
ղŮˤʱĻŲ٣ȫǳڱܡ
һ£ԼӲסǲҪкԼ
ţĿʶؿλãȻڡ
ʲôʱߵģ
ⶢǸԺлŸղŵ飬еߵĻʱ
ǲ̫Щ
ϴͻ飬ѾȻʲô£СǲϣƸʲô۶ӣ
ֻʪԼ·Լ
ܡ
˵ҪԼԺȥ·˼룬Ҳһվ
˵Ҹһȥɡ
Щؿű⣬Ҳһ
ܿ͸ΪԼǽһ̸ˣϲճԼ
ĸ˵˱֣˵ðⷴҲûʲôÿģ͸һԺӰɡ
˳һۣһӾôһǽͷҡڣһ־̩Ҳֶθ
Żȥ·ˣűææˡ
ŮıӰֻεҡҡͷȻϷߣͬ˵˱һԺ£ǰģ￴Ϸ
˵СһԼŮű⣬ϻǰԼѾȥ
˵ҲɣǵȻǸղűϯ뿪ʱһߵǸѾߡ
һ죬ڷ߹·ϣѾȵһߵʱˡ
߹·һܼס
ϤˣڱѾ͸ˣӦҲ硣
ԺԾű֣ñõģžͽ˲ɿ
ߣĲߣ߱ʵ㣬Ūʪ·ԻԺӻҪŪʪ·ȥ
תͷûʪģĸҲѾźˣҪп·ŪʪĻͻȥ÷СǱߡ
մĲˮ࣬ոŪˣ߼һӾ͸ɵòˣҲָ˲١
ԭбߣڽле£ȴһ˼
ʵôˣʲôط𣿡
ȻڱȽϲе飬˳ﳤŮСһҵĹĶǣҲǶĿȾȻЩͱȽ
ͷһɣ˹òġ
ӦðѿڶѾͷǹģҷӦһ۾Ϳǡ
ҲΪԾĸҲŵǸ⣬ûж롣˵Щ²⣬㲻ȥ÷Сһˡ
˼Ƭ̣ͷá
ҲѾ͸ˣȥע⵽
뿴˭Ҫ
һͷзԴһ·ϳ÷Сȥ
Ų죬ɫչڴ
԰ϷһС˹Լ˵ĸ׾ҪԼȥ÷С
зһü
ûôɵĸҪǼôҪ׼Ůµĵطȥ
ͬСվ԰⣬˭
С˵УΡ
зʱˣԭǱҪԼ
СȥȻ㶯÷СķȥԼСҪϣˣĻ£ȻԽ֪Խ㡣
һߣһԼҪʲôȥܲڱ˸˿֮λڸǰ˵һһ¡
ӲùˣԼ磬Ҳǰ߰Լˡ
·˵Уǵһ÷Сġ
ͷԼ룬ȻѾűվţһʱ䲻ȷ澿ûˡ
Ǿȴ԰ͷſ㡣
зȴѡ·һͿεӰվԺ⣬ͣ
²ڿԼûС
Цһ󣬽һá
зһͻ
ôǴģ
ܿתͬһ񣺡硣
з翴
ǿͬԼ棬ԼʱҲ
ո߸ϵĹŮһˣҪԼǰ˳ģһ˳ŮӸ˵õ㡣
ţǰһαƵһˡ
ԭǽֻôһ룬һˣ˾ǽϡ
̧ͷз磬мԼϤġ־ڱصõĿ⡣
ǰ׹Ȫˮ֮ò
ӼжԵĹâ
˵Ŀе棬˵Ŀȴеð
зǺߡ
ѹ֪ԼվﱻǰֻΪԼĻġ
зŮϵ۾һ
з˵һ㡱Ȼ۾ЦԼõʲôۣô㡣
һ˵ţһҪ̧ε
ΰͷԱһƫܿ֡
۾ˣԼˣΪԼ
зֻǺߣͣ࣬˳ǽһţŮȦԼֱİǽ֮䡣
ŶʵòΪԼΪ˭
ΪԼһʱ©зȴǴһ·Ϲˡ
ۼ⣬ﻹԶʱͼǽ׽ˣʱһ١
ȴûз֣ⶨһתͷʵôˣ
ꡣȻСһ꣬ȴͬࡣ
һڣ̧ס죬Ȼҡҡͷ
ű۾ŵŮϴͻͻ¡
ûӦͱţԵŮһһ¡
ͬһҲȻȻؼͲء
ɵӳʾǸ򿴡
з÷СԺǽǣǣʱԲ۾
ԭǸű￴ʲôĻõԼһģȴһĻ
ʵ̫ˣ

8.1ʼ
˶ֹ, θз״, ֻܿĿ⡣
ڱԣǵ˵һ䣺֪߳ܡ
Ļ, ܿʶΪԼոսסǲ̡
ûǲˮõԼϣ÷Сﻻ·˾Լ
ٰ, зһ, ԼٶҲ˵ˡ
뵽ǻ棬Щ
ľֻҪ̧һԼС, ܹ׹ռ, з˸, Ⲣζ˺
ѾǰͻʱЩ¡
ҪԼһǳѿľء
εĵ߱뻹ҪͣǼڸ, Ϊֻҡ
˹, վͲ֪ʲô
õİ취뿪뿪õ;, ǰޡ
в֪ĸҲĸ˵ĻֻзȢΡ
ķͬһ, ûף˺Щˣлĺ֪
ļҵŮӼ޽, լ, һصļëƤ, Ҳڲȥʹ
ȻǾӦڳȥ˽ͷʵˡ
ɱȴվû
Ĳǽĸᣬĸ϶޹о֡
⿴һۣԵúܽš
ʵϣҲ˽ս
һȥв֪ܣһֱǸסˡ
зĶӣȢⲻֵģֻŮͷڣǶ֮п϶ʵ
Ϊ˹Ҳľʹһٷ˵λϣＦȮֹӰ쵽ԼĸϮ¡
ĸԼҵ˶뵽һ
¾Բֿ
еԼֱˣһתͷͼԼͶĿ⡣
һӴ˾
һƳиСʯӣ̧Űʯ˳ȥ
ʯЮžɳҵǽ¡
˶ˣٿȻһ
зȴҲĸϱץסѱһӷ֣ȥ
μ״ǳ룬˼
˷ֿ֮󣬲һ³ķȥ
ͼ˵Цشƹûע⵽ߵ
ղʯӱ߳Ҳ֪˭һš
ߵԺǽ£˵˵ЦЦıתͷЦȻֹ
θзﵥദ¶Ȼı顣
ԵҲóݼһſھʵ磬Σô
ҲͬʣֻˣԱ˳Ĭ
ŮûмԼʲôҺеҲֻһѾߣзĵӾͻˡ
ű΢΢һЦײͣͬ˵仰
ܼѲάסϵı飬ȴ̲ס˵£㲻úõ԰ܵ÷Сʲô
зǰһĶͷ˵£Сٹܡ
ȻĿһת˱ϡ
ȻȻشһ±⣬תʵãʲô
÷СǸŮµĵط
ϱŪʪˡŪˣҪ·
˼һչз̲ס
ǰСǲһǿҲʮֿɰ
÷Си£Լȥһ׷󡭡
ǺһɣҪ޸Լ񲻾
ⴥĿ⣬һôסˡ
û˵˵մ˲ˮûԺⲻ÷СҾ˵һ̧ӣմ˲յڸз翴մˡ
зתĿ⣬ڵĲա
ﳩ÷Сﻻ·Ǳ⣬һĻӰͱԼá
һҪײǾǳš
зҲԭΪԼԼĻᣬȴ˵
ҷԼ׽ʱֹ仹пܡ
һӳգȻԼ
зɫһתͷǱ߿ȥ
վǽߵҲ񣬳˹
ԭͬзһЩš
ǵȷԼƵıԺһ漴ַŭ
Ϊʲôڲ
ԼƵôãЩʱ䣬ײзȴԼ
ȵ߹óȥĲֻմʪӣһʪĺۼҲûеʱεĿ͸ˡ
ⴥε񣬿ڽ㡱
ûд©һ⡣
ôⲻɫ룬͵ʴףȻԹԼϹ
зȻȴᱻ˵ɵӡ
¿һۣѰ˸뿪ˡ
ƲɣվҲûȤֻŷű˶٣Լָ֮Ӧԣ
ţһʱֻںôͽŭ֦ڣ
Ѿһˣϱʧ˷ִ磬Լ
ҲˡŭţҲѰ˸ɣӸз෴ķ뿪ˡ
ʣ±⡢ߵѾ÷С⡣
ļ
һ÷С˵ˣͲԺˣԾ·˰ɡ
š
˵ͷͬһ÷С
űߵŮСҪѣҲæŴ򿪣ȥȡ滻õ
ϵѾ߰ڸ·
ͷŸոյ£Ȼûȥ֮ôźá
ֱӸĸ˵Ը񣬶ȻɴͰμ޳ȥˡ
ͷֻǰһޣ˵з죬Ȼűָͻµҹϧ
ţѵʹӺ˳
̧ۣϵѸղԭŵʽէһۿȥ͸ûһ
ɴ˿ɼǸϲıˡ
µ·ĸ׵Ѿ뿪ˡ
⿴ԼǰҲ÷Сʱֻʣˡ
Ǹ̸֮
һأȻҲҪôͬŵ顣
ⰲţԭΪԼ˵ʲô
û뵽ûþ¶˾ģһ̧־סԼϵ֡
㣿ĿƵϣǡ
ֻԼμ޹
ֻصҲ޵ġ
ǰӣεĶZϣϲз硣
һĻټղ˵˹ò裬ͲµݺʵǱ⡣
ɵ룬ǰȻ߰˵㣬ȴĻǸҪֶݺˡ
ţɿ֣ͷصǾͲܰ𣿡
⻰˵²ΣҲ˳ˡ
ܽҪϣҲĸϣȻһ𿴼ģǸԵʹԽˡ
֣ľ㣬Ҫ޵˳ľĸ˵ǼҵҲ֪ǲûӣƽԲܴƣǲ취Ƴȥ
ˣ˵ҵи뷨

ϲĹ߹ֻ¿
ġǰǷǶࡷֹѪ޳̣
ϲɵѣһѼ

8.1ʼ
ͬ˵꣬˴÷С뿪ص԰
⼸, һһȥ, ûʲôӰ졣
صԼλ, һϷǱ߿ȥ
Ҷ̨ϵϷ, ˾֪ѡȰš
̶Ʋߵʱ, λʲôӦ
һΪǿ, ͬǿзᱡԼ, Ѻڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
֮, ˶βô½ҳ
һװʲôҲ֪˵ԺٳС
, ҲŵλϣȫעؿϷ̨ϵķչ
еĺ, ֱˡ
˵һ䡰û뵽, ֣Ҳ
ȵ⾫ʵ¾糪, 
ǰϷĻ֮ǰѾ˼лȥʣµҲ׷볡
ûߣǼ۵ʱ, ˳ҲһϷˡ
αһֱǷѣǿһʲôҲ, Щɸղŵǲûп
ֻֻһ, ûܰš
һתȥ, ͬһͿ͵ԡ
ѵ, úҩˡ
ڽ֮ǰϾͬŮ˵ʲôԼ˵ĸŮ֮仹˰š
һ⻰֪϶ʲô¡
ԥתͷԵϺͽЦһЦҵȻȥˣ⻹ʱҩء
ںҩ壬˵顣
ʵϸ϶֪壬׷һӡ
Ϳͣų棬æ˸úҩʱˡ
Ȼ׷ӱһʱĸߵҪҪöࡣ
ⶼԸ齻ǣԼȻȥ
ٶҩҲûãȴЦɩȥɣǾС
һЦǾλˡ
ЯŮ֣ԼԺߣߵһͼӰԱ˳
Ȼš
ԭֻԼŮһܻ
ڱҲˣϵ;ǱԼҪЩ
бڣҲû˵ҪԼԺֻ֧ߵѾߣȻһ˻԰Ƨͣ½Ų
Ͽӣʲô˵ɡ
ϵЦģˣΪ࣬ȴС￪ڡ
ͬǰõһһĬذѸղſθзϡ
ܽҸһƼģߵĶž鵱ʱҲߣɻ󣬿ԽҲһʣһǵ˵ǡ
ҡҡͷȻԼŮġ
籦ĵĲΣεĶΡ
ǵ¼޽˳ڵƽͻᱻơ
⿴ֲԾطСϡ
⺢Ӷûлϣ֮еıʵ̫ࡣ
Ϸ֣Ůȿ϶Ƿûнȥ⴦úܺáĸϱ£˳Ҫ޹⡣
˵ֿ֮⣬뷨⣬ûͬ˵ĸ˵ô
ĿȻûдСҲ֪Ǹϻ۵ġ
ȸϱҪࡣ
οǸͬ꣬ദܹ֮೤ĵط
Ҹûн˵ҾĸҪø׵ķ顣
ҪѰϵİԾͰǰ¸յǰͬ˵һ顣
ϿССˡ
ֻû˱ķԸ⣬ü
˲֪£֪ŮǺγβ֪
ǸǶɵĺҲͰˣƫǳϵŮ
̵ļڸУԱ⣬壬ûн˳Ķٹϡ
˵ֱȥͬ˵׶ȻǲŵģȻҪεǰֻ֤̬һޣȫƵзϣȻ
˭зãƫеľأ
һףǲֱӸ£
˵ͷԿ˵ݲȣȫǿӦ֮硣
ǻˣǶϲԽĸġ˵
ϲͬ˳ĳϱѡ
˳Ҳ
׵İ취ǽμ޳ȥ
ҲѾ˻ˣ˳һԶҲ͵ˡ
պ˳Ҳֻ飬ûҪЮҪķݡ
˵μޣ޸˭ó
ĸ֮ý֮ԣһö뷭Ҳ
ߴߴ磬һȫ˵ϡ
οЩû˵
ȥᾢ
ԼķǴټĸ
ӷϯŶĸǾӦ֪̫̫ʲô̬ȡ
ͬԼһַҲͰˡ
ˣԼҪͻϢ
Ц͸ο
̧֣صģͳ˳ĻػԾĸģĸҲһ°׵
վ䣬̫̫˵ʲôˡ
ԭû£̫̫˼ҲȰȥЩеͷ
һŮôҲķĵѪ˳ûйϵ
ο£ֻ̫̫ͬһ̫̫ͻϡ
ҲգҲգ̫̫֣ҲҪˡ
̫ڸ
̫̫念ˣֱӹȥ̫ͬһһϼƣ¾Ͷˡ
ˣƶص˵л̫̫ǵľͺúõķ
Ļаˡ
ǰԼܿ飬ѵĸῴ
˵ţԼŮҲ¶˼ı顣
ԣɵֱͦˡ
⿴֣ǰλСס
ʱǳ˸δһ𣬾ǱŻĻϲ
һãһ·ֶԼʶ䲻硭
˲ǻżĿܡ
£ͷһݹͣҲ̫ǰü࿴
̫ϲˣͬ¾лܳɡ
ôһ׮ǣ˶Լ˼
Ǳ㲻ϱȢ˭Ҳ֪С벻۵ġ
ͽ͵ıΪĸָһ·
ö⣬㿪ڵžĸںҩ壿
ϵͷ˵ɽµĿŴʦҽ߳Ȼȶκã֢֮ȥһƣҲܺܿͺء
ΪӣĶǳеĸʥ֣ȥݵǴδҪȥɽ£ûҽڿŴʦ
һ˵мĶ
⶯ֻʱȥ˿ŴʦȻҲȥǩ
ʱԼȥվʦ룬«ưʩһΪָ㷽
ϰָ㣬ȥԼȲõȪȵٶҩ

Уȥҹˣҽ춼ԼУԵģ
̫ˣ

8.1ʼ
ϵı֤ñһŶ衣
̫̫Ѿδ, ʶƹܺլһӵĸǺεȵ
ûΪ³, ĸҲƤ˷ˡ
ип, Լμ֮еѧ
ССͬ˳ս, ҲԽβơ
Ǿǰõ, һʲôûһػˡ
һ, ˿ߡ
Ȼղûű, ˳, ˿̼˵˵ЦЦػȻֲ֪Ķȥˡ
вȥʲô, ֻı֡
ղſ߿һˣ֮Լ̬Ȼ, Ȼǻûи˵, زס֪, ̾Ҫʵġ
һ룬еĲһЩ
ȵлڼлԨˣһֺڵһϣȻ, ȴӵȡ
ʱ֣Ҳû¡
˳¾ÿһ, ת
ȵϵļ, һ˾ְȵػظ, ʲôû
ƽ˾عȥ, ʱġ
Ҳˣּȥϰ䡣
Լڵʱ򣬱леϰͻͽԼҪòǾ̫ˡ
лڼ˸ƵṭҲרϰ
רע棬ƽ͡
еĸĵˣÿζΪԲ¡ߴ塣
һѾߴں棬ҪעǺ顣
ţ׼Զİһ֡
ֻಡһʸ˳ȥȻ͡һ˺С
ԭԸ˵Żһתͷ˺ģǺĻһΪƣã
лпһۣǻָˡȥμص˸ݹʮ˵ѾʦȥԺ۾ĹһӾͰˣʵʵص졣
֣˹
οȥƫ˰ģҲع䡣
лп˿ûչʾԺﵥչֳʵͲЩп
˳ɳҲǳˡ
ڱׯϰһ죬˽Ҳͬǰһ˸С
һصͲպЩͬ
ȵϸ³һһԷʱĸҲѵóһš
ȵ˶õòˣŷ˿ӡ
̫Ͷȥһۡ
ĸ׵ͷԺŶͶŮ˵գýˡ
ף
һ֣˵Ŀ;ۼΨһմϱߵĴϡ
лԨضԳּ˼۾ôżǶѾɩ飬ֻ֣գͰӭȢôҪýȥһΣ
лڼһüû˵̫͵ؿڵԨˣýףýȥס
⻰һĸӵĿͶۼ˱ϡ
ôŮýţȻǳˡ
ͻһ¡
ϱûй£ôⱲȴͻȻ
ʶؿԵı⡣
һϢ֪ĸǵİš
⼸Ϊû᰺úøʧ䣬ɢעڸһȵý
Ѿȥ죬Ҫĵġ
ǣҲǡô¶ãȻı顣
֪ڿԼ۽⻹ƳڼԼһãȻı֮󣬾ջĿ⡣
Ϊһ֮ڿŮķӦ֮󣬾ջĿ⣬ӣһңȢĸŮ
ĸҡ½ҵֶ
ı飬Ƕмֻϲġ
ӵĻ½֪ġ
˳˵ĸҲһңֻھУݡ
ǺΪ鲻ƷҲãȥͿȡ˹
½ңζ߻֡
Ҳ֪½ң˳ѾһΡ
Ϸ˵ұ˳Ҫһ֡
˼ҳףִ֪磬ܳűոջصĸߵ
Ҳ˵ʮа˾ǳԼġ
֪ڸϻǲԸš
еԼڴһ˫۾¾̫ʵŮʣ⡭½УҪȢһǱ⣿
εĻ
ԭ̫̫ͬ˽£ҪΪڽƵĽʿ
ԭҪһЩ˼û뵽½Ǳȴʱ˾УҲΪȢӡ
ĸ׵ң֪֪׵ģۼŮҲǲ
ֱǸմ˯˵ͷ
ҽý̫ҲǼ˵ģ׿£һ¾ͽˡ
طʣֻȰصɵӣȻѽ
⻰εﳹ׵ˡͷŻϲӣ֪䵽Լϣǲѵˡ
ùţ򸾾һ̫ͬԺӣȥ¡
½ףǴӦˣô͸ðӶ
ܿ쳤˻飬Ҫܵһźʵ£ֵΡ
㱣·һʱ䲻ܴлع
⿴ȥֻջĿ⡣
Ϊ׵ˣβϲ¶Ը˵Ǻ¡
ϲֵлԨǸ⸮ϲһ׮һ׮
վڴԣ뿪Ȼ˵벻ξȻǰҪˣӣһʱ֪ܲ½ҵСΣһ׮Եܻϲˡ
лڼԭ£üҲΪܵⷬɿˡ
Ȼƽʱŵ仰ȴ˵ò½ȷʵǸùޡ
ȻųģݣҪھм޵úûǱȽѵġ
½ݣеŷҪһЩμ޹ȥҲ˳
ټϷѾйһӹµѫӵҪöˡ
粻üлԨֿڳһãЩŵضԱ˵ôС⣬ǿҲĽ𣿡
⻹û˵лоסõĶ䣬ȻлԨͻС˵⻰ʡ
ڶϣȵģǵס
ҲԼ⻰ǲҲӦغߣγ飬һݹͣϱȻûᰰãҲǽ˻εġ
Ծװûװˡ
ĸǵֶΣ⼸Ϣζ
һתۣͰҪ޵ѡȷˡ
У˳˵ĳǸɴࡣ
ңܴķ涼ûһ˹ȥҪ뾩ȥ
˳ԶԶģһҲ棬¿ƽʿѡҪá
ѡһһ͵̫С
һֱƹԼŮ׼ĸ˵ͷǰ
һһ־ԵŮˣⶼȲϼլƽá
ҽμԶ£ôһ϶Ҹңһʯһ˫
̫ӵԺҲûϱô꣬ô᲻֪Ը
ҲǿһĴ·ˣĥʯҲԳˣȻŻȥͷ˽ýš
λƾ֣ȴ֪λϷһ֣ûصġ

8.1ʼ
صԺݺüѾ׼ˮ
Цӯӯӭ, ȴ², ͣ˽Ų
ҪҪԼȥ, Ϳѩػ˻, ˱˳ȥ
ֻʣ±ѩ
ԡʱҪԷ, Ҫϴ
վˮƵķ, ڻ, ԡͰ׼ˮȴΪȡ
̧, ɶѩȥ£ֽͷϵķζ, ͰԱ߷ŵʵһͷڷɶѩ, бİϡ
ɺԺ, ͸еѩԼĶͷϡ
ˮ
ѩҺˮԺ, ԱľףҨˮڱķ佽¡
Ůһͷʪˮ˳ľб, С
ѩԼˮ᲻̫̣
ᡣӦһ, άϵơ
µʱƴʮֹ, ϴͷʱ, ҲֻƽС, ۾ݶ
ѩϵĶͣľҨˮͷ״ʪԺſڵ˵˵ýСҪˡ
գգ۾˵˵ýĸĸңݣǺܺõ˼ҡ
ⲻǺܺ𣿡
ѩľףȥȡǡ
Ϊʲô⿴󿪻ӡ
һͷڷʪԺںڵĶӣһ覴öûС
ѩ̾һĭȻָͷΪذĦ
ǰֻ֣ĴָŶȥҪǳˣȷʵǺܺá
ǶǺãԼҲá
ʡ̬ԽԽԽԽˡ
ǣǰܳɣεԸ񣬿϶Ҫġ
ɲľƫҪת
֮ǰʱ䣬ֻ¶ˡ
ƫƫ֮ǰ硣
˵еĹϾǶˡ
绹ãѾͬϱӲͬ磬ֱ
ΪԼıˣҲԼΡ
㡣Զѩ˵󲻳Ĺҵɩ
ѩ׹ԭⲻΪγ¸еãܹӿ޵ٶȡ
ϵĶͣȴЦ
Ц̧۾ſʵЦʲôзˣ
ѩʲôӡ
ָذĦڱͷƤϣʮַɡ
ǰεԺϴͷʱҲæʱûеõϵ۰оֽˡĸ׵ᶼɶѩġ
ֻҵĸ硣ѩ˵²Ҳһֱû䣿⻹ɽǻأǼײɩӡ룬ɽô飬յ¶ԵҲ档㲻ǣҲԵ֮ȥɽ£ҿվʦһǩָԽ򡣡
۾һã
ѩⷴӦһ£ֻ˵ģȴɽķˣ
⻹زҪѩæ˵𶯣ϴͷء
⡰Ŷһɻϡ
еѩָԼ䳷룬ˮ
ľҨˮԼķ䣬Щĭߡ
վڽǩⷽ棬ȷʵЩġ
Ĳ֪Щ鶼ʲôطȥҲá
ⲻǱԼķӣڿɿĸĸУ϶Ѿϱѡ
˭ĶãֲûСġ
Ժ󣬱˶ѩĸɩΡ
ѩǰЩӲŻ˼һˣһΪϴͷһͬ˵Լĸɩɩ֮κ
øˣĵһ׮顣
ܹĺý֤õص˼Ļġ
ȵϴ꣬ͷðɣҪ鷿ԼĹΡ
ЩȻûеͬȥүүǰîҪϰĻҲһŶûµġ
Ϊ˿Ⱦϸʱ˹ʻǺķʱ䡣
ȵ꣬յĹΣͷҲ͸ˡ
ջʱѾС
˿̻Ѿˣ㴩£˷ݵ˺͵ĸԺȥ
ĸûнʳϰߣķٸ
ЩȣͷҲ˲ٵ
ҪһġȪźá
⳯Ժȥѩʳиݺ軭ü˵ǰ
Ժ𰡣
űӭǰͬһ
Ц𰣬Ȼִ̧
ʣý㣬ͷ
һԺУѾ׽ֻŵƵ
ģӦǰޡ
ôһʣ˵Сͷ
⻰һǱ⣬ߵݺüҲһȡ
ý£пϢˡ
Ϊ˳˵ĸֶȢС㡣
СҹԺͬߣΪɣ
Ѿ߾̲סǾ½ҵŷߣ䲻
Ҫޣ
ջ֣ŵķ
ɲζһ޾ܹı顣
ҲûʱȥЦ˵Ȼ棬ҾȲȥ˰ɡҵĶȥ͸
ڹصԺжǴ鷿
Դǡϲ顱ǩĳԺǼС¹ʣͶ鷿ܶԶ֮תڶϷһˮСϣʱ鷿
ʱл
ѣĳҵүΪʮҲ
лȻΪȵԵʣСûһϰ䣬ȴһֱгϰߣڴ˵ҲǱʫҪȤĶࡣ
ʮʦӰһձǲͬ·
ټڸпԹĴ֣ҪӰݣֻܸлߣڶֻл֪
ˣϰ䳡ʮԺʱ˵
ѧϵ£ҲЩŰʦšĴļš
ͨŶѩţһС˸ףʮʦ֣ʱϡһ
ء⾪ȹ󣬾Ц˵ǶڣʡǵԺһˡ
󣬼ŶѩʳУֻʵ׼ʲô
ⷴʳеĸӣװŵ˳
Һʳйװ룬ֻ׼һ롢ĸһ룬˷ǲġ
ǰԽŵ˸ֱߣ˵ںʺˡ
󣬶ѩҲʳУװŵлиιӴʮֱߡ
ʮлԼıκժ֮¶Ҳʮֿݣֶ༸ֻһ֪Ըͬ
룬˱Ļ˵˵ûʱ򣬺õˡ
˵ţĵҨһ״յߣ˳Ȼ˵ͷ
ſϧԼʦѾʦ뿪ˣ⸮ܲζ
Ůȫ̽ܣеʮġ
Ҳ¶ˣں˸ɾȻ뻹˱⡣
ֽӹʵǶȥûУ
룬˵ԭȥԺģ˵ͷлҪ˵ҾѰˡ
ŮĻѰӣҲ֪Ϊʲôֶֻ̧Ա˵Ȼ£ڵ˵ٹȥɡ
ηϣʹ޲ֹ
εظͷһ߿һ˵ĸףŮޣŮĸ߾ТԶŮ޹ȥ˶ܻĸס

ҽлҪ˵
ײЧǸʽϴͷ
ܽˮ棬Ҳǻ֪
Сʮ 20:46:31
12Ӵʪͷ
ַָ㰴ĦͷƤҪ꣬ѹᰴ
Сʮ 20:47:08
2ʪԺϴˮͿͷϣָͷ
Ħע룬2
ҲƿֱӸĭŪͷ
ҷ֣ͷݣһҲܽ֬
Сʮ 20:49:23
3ָ㰴ͷƤͷҪĦ
Ȼϴ
ϴһͷҪظⲽ裬ڶݾͿ
ȻҲӰͲ
Сʮ 20:50:53
ȻϴͷŪɵĵһ
ëͷָͷƤͷϵˮ
Ұ¾ͻ
ëͷĦȷӺ׿ʼ𣬴ͷƤҪ
Ը˾ͻ
Ҷ
Ȼͻӵָɾˬֲë
ͷ

9.1ʼ
ǻǰ⻹û, ԼĿ
ý, ͲܴӦ
ʵǺ, ſ˼ʵС
Ȼһֱظο, ȴֻޡ
ÿŮڳǰ, Ҫôһġ
ȵεĳС, ſڵ, ŮҪ޵ġ
̧ͷ, ӯڽޣڵƹӯӯ, Ȼҡͷ
յĴһҡͷ, ŵĲҡͷϸ졣
ſǻŮ, ŮСŮޡ
, ĵص½Ǽõ˼ҡһ˵һ־ȥϵָۣⴥŮգͬ˵еĺôҵŮ, ׵ôΪԼʹ죬Ͱ㣿
̫̫е½ҵĳ, μ޹ȥٷˡ
½Ȼ, ǴҲǷ֮, ˽ܵ, οǺҲǸĺӡ
οͿȡ볯Ϊ٣ҲδؾͲһص˵ʱȸðһլӣҲʱʱĸףǺܺţ
ҧͷԹѹ˻ȥ
Ѷ䶼Ըˡ
ȴ֪Ǿ˳һ䣬־̫׿ϡ
ɺϣٲҲ֪п϶ʲô
ȷʲô£ֲ֪顣
ⷴòᡣ
һᶨξٿ޷ȷǷسʲô
Ǳ⣿з磿
˶пܣǴŵѾ߶пܽ÷С¸֪ϡ
ٴΰԼôôͿһ;Ҫˡ
лڼ飬лԨлͬ˶ףǿ죬µ£һ£½Ǳбʣֻ³Ϧ֮Ҫ޹ȥ
ˣҲ棬ΨһҪȷ¾ǼߣҲҪ׹û
ͨˣӵҡҡ׹վȷ·Ϊ̫öʹһСδɣҼ
֪ˡ
ŮվԼǰԼذȥ֮ת뿪
һľʹԱС㡭
ҡͷе־ϵۡ
ǰȡǳԺţͲ˼Ϊʧ̬
߳ԺŵʱվԺĵƹУˮСķһۡ
Ǵƻ
ԭѾ˵ǣվҪȥͬ˵Լ˸ΣʱҪǴȥ
˿Ҳûˡ
ҹ紵ϲۣһƬš
лˣܹû׹¶Ŀռ䣻ˣҪڸТ
ȻҪТ꣬Ҳȼ޵ȥҪǿ
ջĿ⣬Ųĵ֣ԼԺȥԽ߱ӰԽֱͦ
ףҲ㣬Ǻ㡣ҲĲҪϡ
Ҫ֣ʱңʱ
һСߣһԼúεЧֲ۵ķʽɱлСӰʱǰĿ䣬ɱһҲɱɱҲɱ
лᣬͽҲһɱˡ
ԭҪһ£Ǳнڼεʱ䶼֮䡣
յУÿһնܹȥȻɳˣ˷ʳ
ʵǴ˴ָ֮ڳǶ͡
ǰղ˶֣ջߵգ׼˻ᣬԼͿʳ¶
ҽֲ̣ڶУҩﶼȡãҪ鷳ˡ
ߵԼԺǰʱѾ˾ϡ
ҽּңҵҩ£ȻҲޱȹܡ
õ¶ģ֤¾ôһҩĶڽԡ
ⲻþϣ
ġ
ߣԼ
ѾߵԺſڣŵǰԺƿˣֻص̨£δԼֱۣС㻽ūʲô£
εİæ¶Ķ˿˵ţ
˵ˡĵͷνԺӣһһ˵ʱ䶼ɽ£˵¶ʲô׵Ļȥɽ¿ҵǡ
ɽ£ǵŴȻ뵽
ȥѰȴüײǰԩ
£оͲˬ˵ҪĶҪձȥɡ
ˮСŸ˵һĻ
ˮСԺȥʱüδ뿪
ѩվԶԶģȥӡ
ںڰУҲõ޹ȴԵȫȻ
˵Ȼֻǹߡ
룬ĸһӦûٶҡתͷԶѩ˵߰ɽ㡣
ѩʳУղѾһԺӣʢµ
Ժӣһͷûˣֱӱȥˡ
ĸڵ¿ˣŲȻһס
ű˰ޣÿտһ˱
˵ã·ûκҲŸ
ϵ˱ŵһԣȻ̧ǣ֣ôˣ
ǣǰ£̧ʾĶѩǰ԰ʳŵ˳ǰС͹
һŮԼġ
ӹ¶˵ӵʱ̧ͷһ䣺㸸ǶûУ
˵ͼЦŲԼʣ˵ˣҷ͹ȥʱ򣬵˵һĻ׳ôûôĺãѹ־з˵Ľ
ŮԼȤֻ̧ıӣѽԽԽˡ
ȴĸҵףͬ׵ˣǰӲ󣬻ܵ˭ǰȥӴأ
ƷŮԼе۵ζӺһֱ
űӸջͬԼܣԽ߶꣬ĸŮ֮һҲûзֻȻѪŨˮ
Σǰ֪ʱĸŮ˵ĸҲǺá
ǵ˺֪ŮĽ׽ȫʧˣ˽͸롣
̾Ϣһ
Ȼ̾ӣ֪ӦΪη鲻ˣǶ˵ҷԺ׵ģûнͬ˵Զްɣ
š˵ͷ˵ӣǰЩȴǺõģһʱҪ⾩ǣȥݣлẦҲġ
ĵεڻòú˵Ҫǰοĸס
ֱеذοŮȥĺܡǶ˵һ׮Եܲģͻ׵ġ
⻰ȥˣüչ
ûοĸףֲ˻⡣
˵ԼļĸǰºԸȵʱҪȥΧøҲͰǰδĳԺ

9.1ʼ
ʢģпʼһ˿Ϣ
ٹվ, Ҳͣѵ, ڼЪա
ָֻ˵ͬȥճ
ͬԺ, ϿӺĶ, ߹
ֽϱߵּ, ص˵ͷ
ʱ, Ҳĥ󿳲, ʷҲԭ
ԡָ̧һ±ʴ, ֻʣŸ, Ҫ
Ӧǣͬϰһרע档
ȵյϰ֮, ˲, һ߳ˮһ̸
ϸָ˷ĻĲֽ֮µļȥϰ
һ˵, һˮŽ
ⶼˣҲֻʱʱ̻̿ôʵĹϹ
СѾͷ˵Щǰˣڱŵ, ⣬ƮƮȻӡ
ԭ, һ, ҪϵĺԼù, ԴӲγԺ, ˼ҾҲûйˣһޱߡ
Źп棬˵үүǰŷ˸¹ѰѰ𣿡
ûô졣
Ӧһ̧Ƥһڴı⣬ŵʱˣȻͻȥҲ㡣
˱֤̾ͰģЦеصллүүүүԵ㡣
տУ˶Ե顣
ȺõϢѾĸ϶ȥˣʮʦԡ
ձʱߣòٹŮע⡣
߶С˽ҲˣδߵĲȥɽ¡
ʱȥɽ£оȷʵЩ֣⻹û˸ȥ
ȥ껹ҪģʲôصӦҲü
ȷʵʲôԼĿ˵ףҲǸʮŮ
Ҳ
οңҲǸȥɽȥʲôã
ұھֻεֶΣĿġ
ΪȥңҪⷱеĳˡ
ȥɽ£һֻŲĻС˾ͳš
ȥ㣬ŵŲĻԼȥѰǶˡ
ǲȥԺ󣬻ȴµĿС
˵һͳȥˣŻ
˲ĵĻȻеһʲô˳ĲˬĿľΪ˼һˣǱɽͣ
իֳ𾭣ƽľ
ȵ磬ɮҪݷõǿѾ
˵ڵʱпãǿԹȥˡ
ش˳
лɮˣԲֵ߰ɣǹȥݻᡣ
ǹǵɮǰ·κͲĸһ·סԺӡ
߹·һѭģȻתǴײû׷Ѱף¿תۣͨһԺӡ
ûԺǰʱξͱԺгĻˡ
ʢģ⻨Ӧ
ѾЩ궼׷׵ֻʣ֦ɸҶӡ
ǰ·ɮƿԺţʩ롣
ͬһ˽ȥͼ˿յڷ価¡
ֱȼ㣬̧ۿ
ڼⶫ˵ݣһӦΪ͸ɫ㡣
ٿΪ۾жྪޣڿվжʧ
ʧεúܺãſ˲ĵǰȥ
ˣֻҪ壬۾ɫһвǰ˵ݡ
˵ƽϱ֪κζҴﶼԲϺš
ⲢӰж϶Էܵͼ
˽ƻǣĵطͼı
˭˵ϱӴܵ㸲мûж˵Ӱأ
վڴܳλϵǰ¹ӡ
˵ܵĿҪѰǰĹŻ˵һ룬һ롣
С㡣ڿȻһָ̧֣Լǰλö˵
ԺڵŮ˲
ðĲһŵֱߣųҶĲͬ
ƾϸڣ֤ڵݲ
ͬ˵һһ̣ҲǸ˲õĴ̡
߳һڣȻ޵ò衣
ڶ΢΢һЦ˫ɫͬ󺣣ա
һ֣ǷŮȥΪҪͬ˵ҲԲʹһɫ
Ļ⣬Ůһ˿ˣԺжʱֻʣθˡ
ʣ¹ˣ
ڵͷǳһλҪллСŮ
һ˵ţĿһεϡ
ϵ˰̺þԺ¶ֻһС֡
¶պˣ֮ûɴ档
һܿϹ覡
μ¶Цݣò׷·ҲЦ
ڶ˵¶˰̺Ч
Ρšһ̧Լ˵⻹Ҫлӡ
ȴأԭŮȰңƱ𣿡
룬ǲƱ֪֪ԼҪĶԼȥȡֻͽ͵ǾʲôҲò
֣˵ԭĽ¶ʱⶫҩֻΪǱƭˡ¶һãұ֪¹ףһֱлҪŰݻᡣһҪ¹Ǿðˡ
üС˵޷
һһصҪѰһҩ
۲ڵɫǶԷ̫ã֣ɫҲûʲô仯
ⷴӦηƶжȻֶҩ
ҩ¶һǶҶҩ
ֻ¶ˣƽ̺ۣȴһּرĶҩ
ϱⶫҩ
⡰ΪҩǼѪͼӰ
ֻҪʳУɫζ
֮һԣϻ𣬳Թ֮һյ֢״Ѫ֮նѪǹҽտҽҲﲻ⣬ֻж߿ҩ
һһյ飬˥
ڿƬ̣ڿڵСȻһ㡣
ǰ˵Լ⣬Ծ̯˵¹Ǵˣ˲˵Ϊ⣬ҲȫȻšΪҾǶԺŮݣӴĵطҶΪȥ
׳Լĳ룬Ͱǰ˸һĿ
̸⡢̸жԵȵļ̸ֵ
ڲ·ĺ⡣
Ƭ̣ٴ̧֡
ӦٶȴǷŵŮһߴĬĺӡ
öʹӷԸ䣬ȥٳֵʱѾһӡ
εĿϣ˵ҪĶҶ˵ĺܸȤһʱ벻ҪʲôǷţԺ˵

9.1ʼ
ܣŷ, ڴ϶ġ
ÿһöӶǵƿ֮, ƴľǸԵı¡
ڼһö֮, ͻȤ
Ҫáȥɱ, ˵, Ҳ֪Ҫɱ˭
һ, ֪, ŷҲͬ㲻
Ѿ˺, ûд򿪿ٴ̧, ΪԼһ衣
źӣ֪ԼҪġ
ȻѾﵽĿ, Ͳ
ǰվ¹ӹȻ, 
һȷĽףһЧ
ֱӳһҪֵҪ߶ˡ
һ˲, η·صǰԼٵ۷塣
ǰĶ꣬Ȼҩŵһ£ҵҡ
áڶٱ, һΪ
ǰһ̧֣ոǸҩĴֳԺ, ԴŲġ
ԺзŮӰ, ô͡
ûж, ϲľʹԺ뿪ˡ
-
ֹ, ֮ڵ
󳼸װȥΧΪյ
˾ۼڳ⣬˶Ѿװϣޱˬ
ԪվǰУԶ顣
ǻһΪһ֮մڻʹƵûţҪȥԶֲҲֻԻǿС
ԪţתͷԼԵ˿ȥ
ΪĹ֮ŷ
ŷ̫ξҲװͬųʹķ񶼲ͬƽҪἸꡣ
ʱ˲ŻȨ㳯Ұŷ̫ξʵᡣ
ԪۿϴЦݣתͷһ
߸ӣӸڳжʵְڸҲ޿ɺǣȸոպõҲ࣬ȴǲһٳ衣
˿һĸӣȡ
˭֪леȸպãԪ۾Ͱٽ˹
ھп˵һһֿȣʵĽˡ
֮ţͼԪĿֳԱȥ
ôǻҪ˭
ԪƬ̣ûҵԼˣǽ⡣
߶ųԪ߿кηԸ
Ԫ˵أô޵̩
౦ԪǺ޲ʱʱƤ¡
̫ξǰЩӲ˵һ־İƽˮ˸ԣ
ԪԼZϣĸǰô飬Ҳͻ飬ֻ˵ҿűһΪڱׯϰ䣬˰ɣ
ˣںͷء
лԨǰ˵⣬Ǿͬţȥ
Ƕǰں󷽣󲿷Ů춼ֻС
մװͷҲʽźÿĽڡ
ҲȴǸĴ硣
˵ĳԱߣǰⲽ
ǰԭڸųͬĸ˵ı⿴˶硣
ĸסлԨߵ֮ǰͬĸ״к
㲻ǰţܻʲô
лԨǱ⣬ȥǰһ
½ң⻰תĸף絽ǰȥ
ͷ˵ȥɡ
ǰĸڣȥҲûʲô
ʹԼŶһȥǰ
ͣڳܲԣűȥıӰͬŮһ˶⡣
ôõĻϲ֮ʱҪеǰȥ
ǵġ
ԪۿлԨȥƬ̣ʹű
ϵŮ촩һˬʽķͣȥꡣ
лԨűǰöһųԪʱ򣬳Ԫ۾ͿЦ
ЦԱߵĴ󳼣˶˭ûôġ
ԪһЦţһָű˵ǼСѾͷøжһ֪ĻΪǼĸӡ
ŷҲԿű⡣
ߣӭȥ󷽷ص˵ͷ
һεѾҹˣټͲڣԽڷԵԽ顣
ŷŮװ磬ڳԪԿڵһװ磬֪ʱڿ죬üĴ磬ôҲһ֣
ĻžȥμӸ׷ԣô˵ô
Ԫ۴˿ҲԣһԼĻش𣬱ֻ˵һβμҵȻҲǲֶصģȻҲҪΧЩŲʥ
Ů⻰¶Цݡ
ԪԱ߼űˬʿɰҲʵޣ׷̩޵ΧԵʲô
رµĻϣųԪ˵ŮҪһֻ꣬ëƤΪ
ݹأȻʲôȱģǱ߻ȱЩС
ڶǰ˱Ȼů¯ֱ׻ģҪëƤֿ£УֻҪڷҳʱһֱůˡ
ԪĻַһЦתͷôԴûУŮֻףûҪҲһ
ҲգصŮŸտʼ䣬ʱһֻͲˣҿտôŵԣʱֲˣ񲻾Ц
ԪۿŮūһҡͷһ޵˵Ȼ˵ûУ⻹ˣ˵ת⣬̩޽ԣֻ䣬䲻УԸһֻ
һʼֻţȵԿҪһֻͲһˡ
⻹ûʼأԪ۾ѾȽһֻ˳ȥĻӹûݴ
ͷŵǰĶű⻹δȥȵһֻʱ򣬾͸ɧ
ֻóԪ۶Ա̫ˡ
˵ǳݼڣɴǰҲûôð
ЩﴫУϵɫҪάֲסֻԼôҪûиɴȥ
ԪʹͣϾ˵л¡
ԪҲûȥĸһǰԳ
ԳʳԶռǳĹ㣬ﲻǸòóƽԭֻҪҪУǾͶС
ʮһ֮󣬳Ϊ˰ģڸط
һ˫¹ǸʱķŽԳȻΪܻ
ô룬Ե˵ʮá
ʱѵŽһ죬һȺ˾ͿʼƺƵн
ǣ·ԶԶŵİն׷¹򣬿гƵꡱ
ȵִԳȥֻ⾩ȻҲۻ׳֮
ǰһƬԭֻҪ鱼ܣڡ
ˣض̾Ϳʼԡ
һֻ¹дܳǰתͷԪֱӳХһͲȥ
֮λΪ黹нĻ˵һҲ
˿̼һ˫¹еĺ︴գһתͷԵ˵¹˭֡ͳ˳ȥ
˵ǾԣһȥͽԶԶ˦ں档
ܹ׷Ǻĳ˻Ӫľ⣬оǽҲߵʮ
˱УҪʦȻи
Ͼʱ䣬ȴ֪¡
ԶϷ˹˼ɣԼȥȴҪųԪۡ
֪Ԫۻ᲻ȥ
ǰ¹ûӰԪһǻѾ˳
ڷһͽؽٶȡ
ֱʱŷָԼߵĳ˻ӪĽʿ⣬һ꣬úܡ
Ԫۿʮһָۣ˭ҵСӣôоûм
ֻ˵ǳĹʽĶӡ
ʮţҲԪ۹
ԪһЦһ˵áȻһμٳȥ׷Ѱ

9.1ʼ
ǰһȺ˱, ȽȥԺ͸Էɢ.
Ĵ, ֿԺ֮侹ҲӰ
⿴ԼĴ硢綼ǰͷȥ, СһЩӱԵǰӡ
, Ǳ˿һͷ˽ȥ.
ξǰĻص, о͸˾.
ͣû̽ȥ˼ֶ, رһ
СҪͷߡ
⿴ΧҲûʲô쳣, Լ, Ҳӡ
ûӲ
, תͷȥ, ͼZһƥɫĿй
װı⣬ZҲ΢΢һ㶡
ǰԪһ󳼴Ӿгʱ, ZڶУ˻ӪľʿΧĴѲӡ
ǿΧеͶ, ųǱΣա
ȵԪۺ˶УЩ澯ĽʿŻɢ⡣
ZҲǸմ׼ȥϢһ, ͼǻ
Zյװͬ˲ͬ
ûдװ, Ǵһ, ݡ
ԼΣûмо䣬ѵʱZ˵ɽˣ
ͷֻڱתţȴû¶
Zһ񣺡Ļӡ
Zж磬ҲͬкһԳƽղͬӢ
Zһͷ
ԭ˵ֻǺϻãĿ
ǼܲסĸһԼԼ߶
ʲôСôɰôиϻؽһͶԵǺ޲ڹҲ챦ǰģԼŵͼҲǱ⻭ġ
ҲظöˣҪű⣬ĸоҲһˡ
ZԼ˵ֻԼҪȥأһ⣬ﾯôŵġ
ZԥҪҪȥӣ뵽ǵһΧԣ߾ûţֻڵһûд͵ܶţж˹ȥ
Ļʶ룬ڰοԼ
ǵ˵ͷ
Zһ˹ģ󻹸
űǽȥˣҲ֪ҪĸȥҵĹӣֻԼͬȥˣƫƫ⴩װ
Z˼Ƭ̣ǴǰһΣĸ뿪
ԼһƣǾͱһξ룬ĬĬظں󷽣Լ˱ߣ˵һ߰ɡȻǰ档
ĪͶĻ򵼣Ҫ˵ȥҪһʡ
ʱûйץȥװ£ҪʲôޣǲС׹ǲǾͺܿ˽æ
Ǻµ⣬Z̵
һߣһ߶ԻţȻͣס˻ͷ
һZĿ⣬˵
ZҲˣĶӺһûʲôΣԣûзϡǱȴ£۷ѰŷǷĶִӸڱļͲгһ֧˹ԵĹȻϢ׼
ֻǰһҡһֻɫĺꡣ
һֱԳеĺ궼Ǹ¹ոӦŽģȫǰɫġ
ǰֻ׺Ƥëβͼצеɫ⣬Ǻʡ
ļͷ׼˺Դ
Ķڻƶһ˲ֽͷ׼˺Ľš
õƤëԽԽãнŵĻͲܣҲƤë̫˰̡
ڳŵϵĹӣĬһ Ȼɿָವطżһţ
û뵽дˡ
һûаѺĶҲԤнȥһųȥֻǲźĽŷɹ
ʸ˵ϣҲԭʳĺ꣬ԱߵԴȥ
һʱ̲סѽһҪõڶ֧Ѿˡ
һӾͼôõĺ꣬ȻûУ̫ϧˣ
ۼǺӰӾҪУӺವһֱ֧ȡȣһͽĺεض˵ϡ
ͬʱǰҲббһ֧
ڶ֧Ƕȵ꣬˺ϣZļʸͬʱƤ⡣
֧궤ڵأֻһͶ
Z˹
ſֻҪܣͲһ׼˱ոûеλá
ںϵһֻ
ˣֻһϤЦش
걻ڵϣ˿ڴ䦳ѪѾʪһ顣
лԨϣͷ˳ԭΪԵã˵㿴Ѻˡ
⿴Ǻһۣ¶ʧı顣
硣лԨ˵ôһƤˡ
лԨˣZױĺ꿴һۣǡ
Zԭ֧ںϣѾܶˣԼ֧ȫǻ㡣
ԼĺѿһۣԼĴ󣬺ֹܿЦ˵û£һҲġ
ֻ꣬ʸѾεˡ
װԼͷĥ⻵˵Ƥӻʲô
Ƭ̧̣ͷԸ˵ֻƤëɡ
ģлԨƽ˸øԼղųȫԺ󣬸߸˵صððƬֵ˸磬ͷٸõġ
˵ţĿͶZ
лԨԭʺôԼһˣZȴûʵĻᣬֱ˵Ȼýȥɣȳȥˡ
лԨŶһ϶Zллҡ
Zɫͬһͷ֮󣬱תͷԼױӴ˴뿪
ʣ±ͶһĻ뿪ķ
лԨ˹ʵôZģ
͵ߣ֪ĸߣĻӴͷ
ˡлԨﷸֹZԸ񣬶һͽֱӾͷţôתˣ
ţɵתͷZȥķһۡ
硣
лԨæͷ˵ˣ
ղǸųԪ̫ܵ죬ԺﻹǺεġ
һ߸ϱ⣬һ˵֪Ƕˣȥ򡣡
һͷZͬ˳ԭ·۷Ȼж
ZķӦѸ٣ųȥĺ궼ǳɶԵģֻĸģ⸽Ӧûһֻǡ
ȡ˹Ŷķһ
ֻʸ͸ƤкһԾͲˡ
̹ȥмֻȽ˵ĺ꣬˻¡
ԭμԵZԼʹеֻ꣬Ĭ˼ŶԼ˵ϻȥ֮󣬽ֻ͵̩С
źӦһǡ

ģ

9.1ʼ
ŶתһȦûҵǵĸ, Ǽˡ
˶, رܵҲ, ˷żʱ򶼺Сġ
û, ˡ
лԨƹһʱ, Աһ֧, ǡ
Һƫ˼, ա͡һϡ
˭лԨŭһͷ, ҵĶļʱͷ˻, ôģ𣡡
ҵĶǸӵܣԺζ, ټļҵ˸ա
ԴӱŷĶķӳԺ, ûȥĵطˡ
ԣ˵ѵõǲ
߶˲ͬ, ˳һˣ߸̴Ӳֹ
ԭԼļʸȥҲڣСүһ£ǵ߹ûелԨ, ϵĽɫȥˣ޲Ǽһźá
ò, ˶ԼĶ˵ҵ˭, ԭл, ⲻûʲô
˵һ̧, ʾԼ̴ȥǲϵļ
ȻлԨţǼǺܿ˻
СүֽӹĿڱһת뵽Ŀ
ԼǸȥӣƫֻһ
ȲϣҪϱȹκζһҲͷصץŲĶӴ򡣶˰Уÿÿţȥûɣִ
СүԼʲôѾˣҪ׷ѡ
ԭܹȹлǸзϵģ첻ۣȾȻˣһҲȲˡ
˼֮һµİ취
ȲĶӣѵͲıŮȢ
ӣ͵ôһŮֺòײһǺ»ˣ¶ˣҪĶϱǴԲǶҲûޣҲֻܺţܸԣ
СүϲΣǱŻϲģȢؼá
һ룬ĿһıϴתлԨԶϺһĶأ
Ҳ֪μʲô
Ժֻ̧ȥӣ磬ûУ߰ɡ
ȰˣлԨգߣ
֮ǰֺݺݵص˶һۣŴһȥˡ
СүϣŸոձı飬ϲɵøЦԼ̴˵˵Сүȥȥô
˵ζѾףӦˣⱦҲʱ˵˼˰ɣ
̴˵šúúã϶Ӧġﶼţɱһȥͱ
ȥ֮лԨһ·Żʲô۵İǵһͨߵñСġ
ߵ棬ڼ˴ܣ˻ϣȴûˡ
лڼ޷ҵȺŽ˾ͻ泷ҲͲˣȥŰɡ
ôһ˵ſԼ϶Ų˵˶ۡ
лԨ˵Ŷģǵһѡ˸ղŽͬķ򣬴űȥˡ
ȵһͷһŽ·һȦΧӵͬʱеĺŽǡ
һ죬е;
Խ˷׷׿ʼ⳷
ͷƬ̣ڼԪ۵Ӱͷ˳ȵнӵ˶ˣһӪء
Ԫ׷¹ȥģҲɹؽֻ¹˻
֮⣬ͷջ˲ɼǷ
Ԫ۴򵽵ﶼ͵ǰøֱ
ԭ͸ɣ¹Ǵ󲹣ǻϻ
ѧСѧͽǵһθ󶮣ʦô˵ʦֻһ¹ˣʲô
־һԼͽܵñϣѵ㶮ʲô
ŵһأⰴչɣųһһ󲹣һһϻҪô˶Ѫ
ӪûиȥԵ˶š
Ĵۼ˲ˣȥԣһӪؾߣţͬЩһ
һĻҲǴǰ⻹ûлʱ
λǿǸߣͬһϯǵĳϡ
аǴյӮ˺üѴ
̨ͬλ˿ãֿĸãϴʱһص˵ǰЩף˰ɣ
ƣЦƱƣ˵ʲô
⾩йǵȦϢͨ߸һףǱǱ㶼ˡ
ֻ⻹û״ӦȲʵ⻰
Щ˵Ļϴ۾˵ʵȴЦ
⾩޾ô࣬һܲһӣһЩ˵Ůѡؾ͸
Ǳ˵ôʵ϶Ǿ޵½ңҲǰռһӡ
֪žҪ˵½ҵĻ£ǵҲװȥתһת
òװԽ˶һɱѪζƾҲˡ
ɱķЩǰֵ˲ˣҪȥǴ˶ñȸ¡
ЦͣǲҪȥʹͷˡ
֮ܵǰֱ۶˵Ҹ˺꣡
Щ׼뿪ķͻȻôһܽһȴŮ뵽̩ǰԪҪȥһͬߣûΧȴֻ
̧ŮˬģͷҲð˺־˲
һ֣ǸС˾Ͱ򵽵ĺ˽
˿ȻƶˣƤëȴǷǳõģҪŮ˵ԪʹĺҲ͵ˡ
ʹͣԼɲͬ
ԭҪ뿪ķǶűפ㣬Ծÿ·ſµĺꡣ
վĸߣֻ
ֻĽŰڹϣѾˡ
ֻͬûɫİ׺Ƥëոýֻ
űлҲԸŹûб顣
룬ֻѣЩ˺ǵʲôȴ
ͷûת꣬ˣĻӴֻ͸
һ㶣շĸվͿһֻ׺ͽ
ֻոֻˣֱӸļ̌һֻȴǻġ
ϴˣˣװ˻ֻʵشת
ǡ
ŮԪҪͺ꣬Ѿ˵˵ģĻΪʲô
ֻǼűı飬·Ҳȫ֪飬ֻͺ˵лĻӡĿֻ˽ŵĺϡ
ԣŵĺꡪ
ΪʲôΪʲôZͺ
űʲôʱZٴˡ
ȴǴżԺĺ£̧ͬŸӽ
Ѱ⣬ԺСޱصҼҴ͸ġ
⳯ȥͬһֻĺꡣ
ֻǰǼֻǰɫģһֻȴȫƤë죬һŻһۡ

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-
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İ
洩ˣһڻŮ䡣
ԭڱԼк󣬶ѾֵƴŮ֮ء
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֮ʾ
Ҫ䰮άԼдȡ
*
û뵽ںʹ֮
ǰͻȻԻͷˣαƵŮʵҪˣǸʮߵҲʼˡ
ܸˣŴеļ˵ֵлл㰡ҵĽ𰡣
ֵܣԸƽȣϹ

9.1ʼ
ûȥķǿ⼸ֻ꣬δҲ̫ٳˡ
Ԫ۾Ͳ˵, ŵ˵, Ļʲô⣿
Ļй, ƹܻӪ, ۴ò黹ǵλ, Ƕ䡣
еŮ, ûǼʸ, ԼŮ޸ZΡ
ǰδ˭ҵĹŮԼӴɫ, ˶Լлᡣ
ŮˣδɵŮ
ɽ, ȴһֻ̩
Ǽڽϣû˵
һ, Ҳ, ɱ˰ƤҲã
ŷˡ
ŷʲô˼
ѲҲ
ζû, ǱС˵лŷˡ
ȻеļԺԱųһ˳ȥ
Щ￴ֵķҲûĽڣһֹһ뿪ӡ
, Ԫɻʺ̷Ÿ¡
˵˺굽ȥʱ۾һôZǿˣ
ڷֱɰи, ע⵽, ϲ, Ȣˣ
ʺһԪ۸ƽ, һЦеصţˡ
˵Ȣڡ
ŵģӸӱԵǶǻı⣬ȥѰĸ֣Ȼʱֻ꣬ʹ˻Լ͵ȥ
ҲǿˡԪۻһֱۣԼ
ʺ֣װ׵ĵ˵ˡЩʱղԼÿŶӣ߱Żĺá
ԼĶӣˡ
Ȼ濴䣬ʵرġ
ҴСҲǻԼĻϡ
ԪеƻѾӰѱȢš
ȴҳһˣԼȹϱĲ裬֮Ѷӭж⡣
ZѾˣ³·ԼȻǴﶦʢҲ̫ˡ
̫Ӽһ壬ϱһǶҪʲôϱᶦ
Ԫڴ룬ҪúãԼͿǰλҵӡ
Լأңɢ̫ϻʣǰǰ泩ڵӣŻ̫йɽˮ
ôһ룬ZֱǴܳ⼸ӯĻʵˡ
ԪֹţЩԼĶˡ
ʺųԪһı飬֪϶Զˣؽһ
ţԪۻعԼӣôˣ
ʺεصҷͬ˵ⲻZ˺꣬ŷҲһֻȥ
Ǹ͵Ķǰ׺ŷȴһֻ͸Ĵۡ
̫ξҲˣԪ⻰룬Իʺ˵޷
ŷΪʲôͣԪ̫˽ˣΪǰѻͭԿס
ԼΪһֻ֮׺ŷֻȸһı⡣
һԺʲô£ǵĶ౦Ҳ棬ٶȿҡ
ʺصô˵ŷǵֻǱԿף
԰Ԫһ̯֣Ȼ𣿡
ŷٳξΡ
ȻǽһЩĲò֮ѣҲвٹŮΪġ
ĸܲŮ֪˶˽ͬܲɵýͻ顣
ǳǼŷϳҲš飬ŻԪ߻ʺ󣬡ЩеĹŮѾ˸ɻ׿ڶ˵£ټҲ󣬿ɼġ
ô꣬ôŹ㣬г͡ò˫Ĳ
ãҲȲЩǵŮŷǶûȢ޵˼οǶűСѾͷأ
Ǿ֮ҲйµĶԻԪҲŷĻ¡
λ˳Ҳʱóɼң֦ɢҶ
ŷ˵Լס
常־ΪܳϹᣬѡ
飬˲飬Ҳ
Щ˽ֶõöˣȻҪ⵽ɡ
һ˻ã½ԿգʬǱǱңҲû˿ϵ
Ȣӣ˼ңǾͲͬӴҪĲֻԼһˣԼ޶Ӵ¾˺֮ǡ
ʺ󰡣˽ԼþΣȴ֪ԺεȵĳѪȳǴԪ۶Իʺ˵꣬Ͱ֣˵ˡ
⹦򣬵ôԼҶӿϲǡ
̫ξУŷֳţڵüԼĻҲֻȥ
ŷվԺԱǵģĻҲһֻ׺ȥǻģֻǱȡ
㱨꣬ԾһлҪ˵ӡ
ŷ󷢴ȱʲô˵˵ɡ
ǰޱļԺԱŷǰȴֵøˡ
Ӧһ漴ü両һ˿ǣǵģôһֻȥĻӻ᲻ΪǴҪ̩ͬ
常ϲ̩ŷ仰űСģôܡ
ͷתԼ常ǰЦ
һЦԭһǵļԺԱͱЩãȻ
ŷЦһСѾͷҶģΪǾͲˣǵĸ
ֻȥˢˢڸУոְˡ
һֻ꣬ľȥˡ
˽ƤҪƲá
ʣֻֻ˽ţģװ˱С
ӪǰֻƬ̣ǰɫĵСֻʣǺɫֻȴģ·ȫԼжš
⿴Ƥëӣһȥϲŵı
ѩ״æ߹ʵʲô
ɲϣ̫
ҰѱҪǱҧˣǾ鷳ˡ
ȴ˰֣˵û¡
ѩֻˡ
⿪˱ĺϹȻû˿ڣʶŷûȥԡ
ֱӴҪŽЩôһֻ˱͹Լġ
⿴꣬һʱֺֺЦ
ģŷֻ궼
ףѩս˿û˰û˾ͺãˡ
ѱӵٿӡ
Ұĺ϶һɳζֻţڲŷų϶ɾúܣȻѩҲǽӡ
ⱻźŸ¡
һչ˫öѩԼ⿪һ˵ֻأô࣬㹻̫ϷˣÿһˡʣֻŵģҪϲŰɡ
⿴⿪Լõһȥ̧ԼԼ˿ӣһ߽һ̾ⲻô⡣
⼸ֻÿһֻĿװס
Zͣ˳֣ŷ򵥣ǳųԪͣ´ҪͳǮ͸ס
ѩۻѾժͷڵı⣬һһߵͷ
Ȼ˲
˵˵Ļֻ꣬۾Ҫˡ
⻹һҪͣȫԼء

ģ
-
ʮ 22:50:04
ŷڣǵĸ
ŷԺ󣩣㡣
ľ 22:50:11
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ᰣᣩԺҲǡ

9.1ʼ
Ǵӵ֮, ֪ôһ¡
С˵òֻ߹彣, ̧ȱæ˵, Լ¡
, Լ¡
ˣӣЦرƽ˳˳, Ҳ䵽˲
ſվʦǩ, μʱ磬ʲô, ǧ
ȴΪͬ˵
Ŷ, ӵƻ, 뵱ԼȢ, ڵƻĺͷʱֻ˷, δɣ
Ŀһ͸Ĺâ, Ϳˡ
ǡʱȻڷʲô
үһѣŽǰ˺˵ˡ
֮, ȻǺЦǲǸ𣿸
˵ءͣеĶ̧ͷһۡ
˱飬ͬ˵Լĵ, ǲȥǲƸŷֻʲô˼
ǵŮŸոջ, ЩʲôҲ, лЩͺˣʹ󷽷ؽЩɽ󶼸ֻĻŻԼӪ
Ů˳ʲô֪ĸĵɣ
ϵѾˣֻʣ¡
ϳ۳˴죬Ҳ˺Щϡ
״ȥšһӸ
ֽӹߵһԵİǰˣӲ˲Ȼŷ˵ô룿
ô룿׻ظԼ𼸴νʺ˵ĻֻͬǰоƹԵø
ӡյĹâεصʵڲʼϱ
Ǽȥͨ˼ңǻãطҲܹúܺáһ޽ʼңԭҪʮֺãҲҪʮ֣ʷҿСв
̧˵ǱСʱҷ룬ص֮ǳ޷ϡǰͷѾô࣬ҲԺҪôۡ
ZٺãΪڻʼңͲŮ޸
ĸΪŮ֮Զ֮˭Ҳ˵ôԡ
ҪǱҲûж˭κβһ˼
˵ͷοӵһʵġ˶ֵʵҪǿĻӡ
ǵĴӸĻ׽ͷԽĻǷ˼
ĻȢŮǾ͵ڳԪͻǰȽؾˡ
һͷλصԼУֻˤ
еһжжģҪˤһͻᱻ
ϣŭѹȥ
еڿʣźˮĿһȴûŲĵӰӡ
üеģģ
Ѿͷ֪ĶȥˣӦдŵȴӰ
εһǻŭʱ˷й֮
վȥ
ŸߵǰͼԼŮŸˮƿӽ
űߴ˸棬æʵС㣬ôˣ
ѾѹסŭϵıҲָ
ȥˣ
һһ˵Ҽûˮˣȥȡˮ
˵ŽϣȻʵСҪˮ𣿡
Ρšһǰɻǿѹȥ˵ﲻҪߡ
ڱеˮõǰ˳صū֪
οһۣĻɫͬƽһ
κˮ֮ӻ˱ӣ˵С㻹ǿ°ɡ
ܿҪʼˣĳϣǲܳȥ
εͷʱһԡ
һϯţһҪúô磬ܹZע⡣
ξĴױΣݹԼгü˱ǰ߹ȥ⵹ȻƫؾͬŮһ
վں󷽿ǵıӰ̲ס˵ӱȥ֪ĸӣĸѾߡ
԰ûнӲ硣
˵֮󣬲ŶԲ˵һߡ
˸ǰıͶѩϯķȥ
գԤŷա
ϯϵĲɫȻҲޱȷḻ
ճԪǴ򵽵ȫζȣʱ˵ĹϹƣҲͨͨ
УۺףҼţлò輧ڱݸ衣
һ̣ͬ¹ˮкΧ
˶ѩѰԼλԡ
£лһۣȻ̧ժͷϵһë
ʵֻûȥˣ
𣺡ǵģ硣
лֵѩţֻ꣬ɲˡ
⡰һĲҪȥͬҪȥ𴦣ԼԺʱֻϡ
ⶼèҹèӣѩһǻ鶯úܡ
ԺСѾ߼èʳˮûôΪѩǵͷȥץˣû뵽ܵԲȥˡ´ܣͽ˰׽
лгһüסӣҪͻ鷳
ǸԺӣչǱһΰѩȻʱȥĵط
аȫУҡ
άĶĿڳеһϡ
ԺеʱѩǸһģְᰲˣԾ͸ϲܵһĵطȥرԺӡ
лпⲻ֪ȥӣֳ̧ԼӣһȵŶͷعʱ򣬲ŵðɣ֮ţǵܡ
æȻ
ʱʽʼ
Ԫ˵˼仰Ȼٱ˹
ϯ䣬Ҳȡ˾ƱеľҺӳϵҹӯӯҡΡ
һƺȥʽʼˡ
ʵġƵĸⶼ˴󱥿ڸ
ελðںţЩ̴ϲ˵·ߣžƱ۽ǵǡ
Щ̴ķ򣬼ôЩǴȥȻջĿ⣬˼ƽϡ
Ҫҩ˶ӵĳǺˡ
ţ濴ȥ
Ϊ𣬳Ԫ۵ļλӶǰϯϡ
εĿѰZӰ
ӳԵԽٴһ⡣
뵽͸⣬ʹ
ջµױݣZԼû뵽λȴŵô
ZĿֻϯһӹ˻ȥûע⵽
ָ̧Լеһ󲻸ʡ
ԵĲĵƣȻָеһԼϡ
Z
һϲķȥȴԼĲˣ
ȥһȻ˾еľƱޱջĿ⣬ֻû
ϯ䣬ʽĿˮ˲һʱ䣬͸еˡ
¿ӣ֣δ͸еӺɹһСʯӣԼֱϡۣǴڸʮ㡣
ԼλϣתͷȥһͿʮŸˣԼһЦ
ȻոľС
ҪʲôʮеĿ⣬˻Σַˡ
ⲻԡ
ժ˸ѡ
Ȼ뵽ʮʦֳûСʦˡ
˵᰿һֺ⣬ⱲûüԵϱǳԹġ
ζȻϾҲ⹬͢磬ںǽ
ѹڳſ⣬ʮʦֶ

յϯһƬķΧн
Ԫ˳ıڳһնȥԡ
˭ã˭ͻʤʱԪһһ͡
ͷʱ˭ܴ
Ԫ۵Ļһ£ϯλеһ͸ȼ˶־
ǸŮӣȥЩ綼ʢ£ȴǵһ
Ӫʵʱ򣬱˵ҪøλҲҸһϰôá
ȶǰŮĻ͡Ц
ж˵ûתͷŶ˵ֻܷȥȣһҲΪûظ
˵˵ţЦȴȻֹ
һæ
ҲһԼĽ²
һȥֻ²Ű󣬲֪ǱʲôҰҧ
ɫʣǵϯصĶϷ򡭡
ⶫϲ黹ûأ

8.31Ķ

9.1ʼ
˵лȥԵʱ, Ҳ¡
ͬУöȥԣȻøλ
ӣ֣ôһ, ʧλ, Ͳȥˡ
Զôһأȥһ, ڶͲܲμ򵥵ˡź˵, ȥμ, Ҫ׵ġ
Ƿȴԣ, ʲôֲǲ֪, Ķ, ȫǵ˶˱, ǲеġ
˵, ˸ۣοԻôΣգ˵ȥˣô, ôʸ۵Ҫô죿ȥһӸң
Կ, Ͷؾ˫֣úúá
ֲ, ֻ÷öʱͷͷ
û뵽һ, Сү˽һͿ˵ˣԱҪǰס
һǵûлϲ˺ɡ
ԼĶӣûصСʲôҿɸ㣬ⲻڼġ
ԭŲöȥڶӽһ˵Ҫȥӷˮת˷üȵô£ղŶûʱ㻹Ҫȥ磬ҫ棬ڵĶˣҪˮ㵽Ҫ
ҡ˵Ǳһɣ˻
ͷԱһƲ˵ˡ
ճԱСүߵĸǰŵĸ׸ǰ¡
Це֣˵ˣȥøǰ㳤
áĸ¶Цݣˡ
һ˵ţһӵ
ԿһĻֹһĸܶ
û˵̫
˵ûбͻͷ֪ҪʶΪʲôͻȻҪǰ
֣ʵ˵ΪʲôҪȥΣôΣգһСľͻᱻʸˣҪֻԼȥһǲܸȥģƾԼ𣿡
Сү˵ҪȥȻҷȥɵĵˣʲô
ȴ˵һ˴򲻵ʲôǼҲҪȥڳ֮ǰÿһЩңȥɼˣ
Ŷ⹫Ȼ׵ֶΣֿһۣԵĲѧᡣ
ȴΪ⣬ֵãͲҪߣȥͺˡ
ӻû˵ΪʲôҪȥ
˰죬ʵڴʲô⣿
Сү˵ɶΪۼӡ˵ôãҲûϷ磬ҸǼǲз϶ҪȥμԣҪǸȸպõлжʤңĸ飿
ϵûص˵ص㡣
СүٺһЦĸô취ûӮֲǼҵĲз϶ʤûϵɽơĶӮĶӣǿȢǼҵŮ
辶սʤ˶סˡ
Сүվתƣҽռ̩ÿɰͦϲġȻǿȴôѾߣĽ֦ҶǲôֳɫǼȢѾ߼ˡ
⻰˵õû
һ̧ԼҵĻܶԲԣȾ;Լ⡣
һźһߵͷе˼˵ȥ
˱ѣŶӵǺãǰޣԵȥȢҲһӦ
Сүת˹ƹϣ˵ĿΪǷݵҫ
ָ˵л⣬ϲˡֻҪһӮǰбµʹͣҾͿ̵ͻ󡣾Ը⣬ֻҪµͷˣҲǰɣ
ۺӵĶһ٣ȷʵôһ°
ҲģҪǰĿȢϱȷʵǺá
Ӵ˲Լطǲǵһͷⷽ棬Ҫһȵġ
ҪŮúãԼү͵
˵ʵЩȥҲˣҪܽ˻Ϊ׼ңɸΪ񲯣ڳ໥ӦҲܺá
򸾶˶һۣ˴˶취á
վӸӶԼɿһ˵ҳ̫ˣȥһߡ
˼Ӫʣӣε鰵ʾλ
ļӵᣬ׷ױʾԼύӣġ
˳ŵصоͰĵ£Ա飬⼸ʮδ˯á
ڶ죬һŽһ죬һԵͱŽС
շŽеն࣬ЩûбߵһһŽȥɢû֮С
ҪԵһʮˣȫĴ硣
ϸżͲŹϻżͲ
֮ǰͷҪСģҪȥ
лܹĸ׵ĶõĻֻüϲ飬ⲻǸǩôҲã
ôûãһ壬ڶϵãǱߵҲãǸȥ˵ܴ򵽸ʤֻѰƽҪ
һ£Ҳһ׼
ȡȪԼĺɰţһʲôԾ̸¡
ϧʮʦֲܸȥģһ㱣ϡ
лпССͣǵģҪС̫̫ˣֻ˵ãһСĵġ
Ȼط
ݵӰڳһߣýԵĹŮĿͶлɹȻǿݷǷ
˫һã覴Ҳȫȥˣ
˸Ա˿Ŀ⳯һȺɿȥͬһСүȺС
ϣԼȥʮȻسһЦݡ
⣺
ãСүμԼܾﲻԡ
ûκλӦĬĬ˻ĸߡ
̨Уۺվ档
·ȺɣӭųӢ˲ӣԪ⡣
վףŷ̧֣վڲһԵķپ;˺ŽǣȻһ
ཡ
Žһ죬ϵС
һƬ̳
֣ΪޣȼΧĺŽͻٴ𣬴ߴǴг
⵽Ǳȥμӣ˶ţֿõۺһȣʱ䡣
ںȼͷͷ·һѵ
ʱѹţһй˲ܣȼжֱӷ˼
һʱ䣬ΧҴܣ귭ɡ
ʱ𣬶Ǳͬļʸһ䵽ˣ
ôģ
˵Ӳӣ
үүġ
Сүԭ̾ͬǻͷôΣգֻܲߡ
߽ȥԺ󣬲ԶЩʸֻżңңһҲࡣ
Ȼ֮䣬ƳԱߵж۾һҲ׼ǻζԡ
Ȼһ֮ǰԱȴһһеӡ
Сү˭ô󵨣Ȼ
ɳżķȥȵ˭СүĶ
æðͷ˵ҡȻСү
СүһⲻҲĸࣿԼĸˡ
ϵŭĨȥˣйҲˣЦԭ㰡ûϵĲҵ𣿺ú䰡ǵȸҡ
˵꣬һתͷͳһȥˡ
ֵ֮ıӰΣǱ
һһ
лȽӵǼˣһӾͱûȥ
Χʸ׷ɣ飬춼ѾԤˣ֪ͣʲôͷߣܹ
ĥϿ񹤣뵽УͶ
һ·лѾջ˲
һƬյأлͣסŲûܵĸţݵϵӶ°ţ۾
ȡ˹ݵػʮĵط֧ͬʱ
Щûв˵Ӷʱֻֻһһֻ
Լջлн߹ȥЩﶼװ˴һϡ

ģ

9.1ʼ
ʱܿͻȥ
⿴һȼ, һ֧, ʼȼա
ߵţҲ׷ڲ²λ˭εͷ
ŷıɫЦЦضŸλ˵λ˿Ҫһ֣ׯ
һ£жľ, ʵ˶
ŷ޽, ܵŵ濪ľ֣ȴûеӲμӣ׷װֵ˲ˡ
ŷ״¶Щϧӡ
֮УԵһЩͶл, ռı, иǰ
ͬȤҿαԶͷѡǴš
Ц, ˵ǲɵ, ⺢Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ǱȲҵġ
ô˵ķҲЦ, СһҲͷ
¹˭, ȷʵδ֪
, лʰֻ, ǣŸȥ
ԽߣԽ٣ûС, Զ˸󶯾, ·иĶڡ
л, £Ȼվʹ˹
һΣ֧ͬ׼Ǹ
ֻ͵ػζһ£һӱһֻ׳Ĺ¹
ֻ¹ֻ¹ʮֵĴƷ˳ԼȴܣͷԽǶ׼лг˹
еĵ汻¹̤졣
лһɵط¹塣
⹫¹һȴƲͣ
лԱһٴδһ˹¹ࡣ
˵ҪĹ¹ǰһײ֮ǰصĳ
лпⷴĹ¹תĿٿԣǴϸ΢Ķ
ɳ˼˹ȥԽ߽ŵԽѪζ
񾭣ԼⲦԣͼһֻոշĸ¹
ոµֻС¹һţĸ¹ϵѪˮԼվ
·Ѿ֪¹ȥڵϵĸ¹̧ͷ˳سվǰ˽һ
Ǵ۾·ˮҲǰ˷
лԭ׼ļطҲˡ
ǽ˲֪Σеĸ¹˽
ǹ¹ŻΪسΪڷżѰһ
ﲻҰ⣬ԳŹǣҲһᱻɱ
лпֻճ¹̣統ԼĸµСС⡣
֮ģڲ룬ֱӴĸ¹ֻС¹ȥǻܻ
л˾ϣȡһ鲼ֻվֱ¹̣ĸ¹Ľбǡ
վֱҪʾĸ¹Լٴδʸƿյ
лбֻС¹ֱһһתͷͼҪվĸ¹һ֧䴩ͷ
һڵϣ۾ûкϡ
лле¹ϵؽѰĸ׵ϢС
ǵŴӼƳˣ΢΢ü
СүԭҪ̬һֲлԨԼûʲôڡҺܿҲҪΪһˣϾͻЦݣ˵˼л֣ǲ
лڵСүֻĸ¹Ѿû˷֮һȥҲɽαҪɱ
СүĻﱧŵֻ¹̣׹ô¡
ùһ˵Ҿ˵ôڵϲˣԭǸ¹̡
ⷴ˸ˡ
лУǸɱɱˡ
˵ʲôͷһŽʾǱԼóˡ
лпɫһ£Ȼɿشĸ¹
̶Ժٷϣл˵л֣Ǿˡ
漴һޣͷȥ
ҪȥǼѻϣŵ
лֻʧȥĸ׵С¹վƬ̣Ҳʼ׼س̡
Ž죬ǹ¹ʬϡ
ֻС¹װڲУ¶ԴҲڲԡ
ƥܹأ⼸ٽҲһܹȥ
Աһ̨ϵ˾ˡ
˳ˣŮǷ׷˷ڴ
ԵõȻЩԼҵĶȥμӵģҲǽţ͵ų
ⷽſտյؽȥĿһ
Сүϳ˿һֻĸ¹ڱ߽߱ǽǻҰҰø꣬һ
һаԵ˹صСүοǴ֣ôͷһݰɣ
ûУûСǫصˡ
лвһġ
ȻҵûСүô࣬ǹһƥ¹Ѿ㹻ˡ
ֻ¹ǣ˵
Ÿƽƽسôһӽ
лڼлԨͬһվо촦ŵܵսݣлڼ¶Цݡ
лԨ̲סڵУǰǷŽȥֻˡ
ԪҲ˵
дЦ⣬ûԳֻԳԪ˵л¿ޡ
һʮ˶нʿǰǴ
лнԼԱ߹ŵֻС¹ȴûʿҲǽȥֻճõ¹ǰ
磿䲻ԣֽӹ˸ݹֻСǵôС¹
ֻС¹һ⻳УͱϵϢ
ǾñԼȻУŮйȥ
ҲŮֻСӽ͵Ƿȥ˽еĸ¹ҲСķŽȥˣ˾ţˡ
ȲǱŽȥôʱҲһȥˡ
̧ͷ˵Ѿֻֻ꣬¹̰ɡ
áӦŸصȺС
ǵѾǣȥЩҲ׷׵˳ӣó˽յǰס
лиһ书һĽ֮Ӵ˸ƽ֣˵˲еһ
֮õģСү
㼯֮СүһʼЩʧ
Լ׼һֻĸ¹ּǸô飬ⶼûаεͷ
תһ룬ҪԼѹȺ۶˵һĻǾ̫ˣҲãҲá
ȻһϸԪۿԪմá
ǰ׵˳УվףһĿ佱
ųԪ۵ĻսˣؼҪˡ
ͼʵ˵˵Ҫʲôʹͣ
˵Ŀһɨ˶̽Сүϡ
Сүǰһ¹ֵر£һ䡣
ŶԪӦʱ򣬻վڲԶ̫ξһֿۣ˿
ӣСʱǴϻ㣬κһ磬̫ˡ
ӡǱŷ˴ӶķȥȫǵĶķɱ
˲֪ŷġ
֮ȭȭǿҪѶ
Сүһ䣬Ԫ۾̲ס룬᲻Ҫ̫ξѶķĽˣ
޸òôӦ
Ҫȥɣֿġ
ȥ죬Ҳ䲻˶٣˶ŵˡ
Ԫö⣬̶һ˲䣬ֻվ׶⾩˵˵˵ʲô
Сү̧ͷĿ⳯ŮǱ߹ȥ׼˱ϣȻ̧һָر£ñΪ̩ͻ飡


-
8.30Ķ

9.1ʼ
ʲôԪ⧲ôҪ, ʶؿ˱⡣
ȴվ, ҲһĿհס
ŮĻﻹֻС¹̣濴ȥȷʵɰ, ҲãȻ
ֻҪСүڿ, ʵЦ
·ѾʮþȣóԪ۾ͻӦԼ
վȺУҲɿս֡
Ӹɵúã鷢չò
Ԫ۴ӱջĿ⿴ʱ, þͼⷴӦ
ɼͻ鲻˵ͻ롣
һ, ʹóԪۺǲã޿еĶϱҲ
ֲֳܱ, ӴĿ, ûͷԣֻԪۼһֺõЦݡ
ԪжʱֳһֿЦõԸ۹Ǻð, ûеˣ
վڳԪԵӦûôˡ
ĿԽͷڵԼ
ǵһΣûڱɵʱŭĸоü
ڳҪ˵˭, Ρ
ֱҪЦһϷ
ð޹ȥǼҵ, ֺá
¡
˲֪Ԫۻ᲻Ӧʱ, лҲһ°, 
Щ˵Ҳ䡣
ĻԪæ˵˵
תҲãʱҲգ˵
ͿĿͶ˹Լġ
ţлоͶԳԪ̹Ȼص²Ҫ

Ԫۣ
°šδҲ̫Ϸˣ
Ķ䣬
ȷʵǣ˿̳лվôӦ⣬ҲûиõӦԷʽ
Сүʤȯգδ˵Ļ͵תͷ
ҲлоȻñµĶԼĴͻ飬ɫࡣ
лĶӹȻҲʲôö˾ڴ
ⶼסˣҲ
û뵽ȻԼõĶô
ɫ򻺺ŹĶӣеЦá
վһԾĻʺƱ仯ȴһ
б׸ܾվԲҪõöࡣ
һ˵㲻ýҪѱԼĶǿѵĽ֡
ǿָ飬ˮɵĺã
ţֿ
ûӸղСүͻĴ̼лع
֮ǰŸ˵ĻҪƸǼŮŷƸǼŮ
û뵽ûжСүȳ֡
뵽Zŷ˶վڿ̨ϣλòԶ
ӲͬĲ˶ֱԼ֮µ˱ĸо
ԣλûһֱ̾ˮ
ڰ޵صлУôʲô鶼Ҫһţ
ȻԼĴУǸò
һҪһֱֳӾܾˡ
ôչָôճ
վ׵ĳԪڻع
лվ˵ͦõģ̬ȡ
ҲãôͲԼĻվأ
ţֳԼĶӿһۣ¶һϧȻŶŹ׵˵Ƕ
СĳĬվĶ䣬Ԫ۶ûдӦʲô˼
飬ӦѸ٣һת͸
۾л㼸˼ҶȢŮ㲻ޣǿ𣿡
ˣ⳯ϾԼġĶ
ͨռϷżҲʤһ
ǲ֪Ρ
ʣسһ֣˵ʲ𡣡
ںԣŵԡ
̧Ƥһۣ֣˵Ҿֱ˵˰ɣĶ̫竣ҵıⲻӵܡ
ƿԡ
ȷʵĶӹھͷһݵ竣ͷһݵĻơ
ܾǴڵϣԪŶҪ¶Цˣסˡ
Сүվ·Ÿ׸ľս
˿̹ϵѾܲȢ⣬档
״̧֣˵үҪǿϰѿңҾٲĳһҿԷģΥģ׺䶥
һӡ
ڳ˶Сү
Ĵˣôϲ̩
Сүǰάı飬ȥҲмȻ
תԵлУصҲŬȡֻΡ
վԵĺѶ˵Сүĳˡ
Լ־ѾҪĨˡ
ûһӿ˵Ļ
Сү˵꣬վ׵δڣлԨевУ
Сү˵ⷬԭΪܹˣû뵽˶ûи׿ϣ˳
лԨǷˣʲô
ܣлڼ͵͵ؽһ
лԨûˣұ¸ˣһҧΪֵ߲嵶ˣ
Ҳͬ⡣
ȻֳȴһƬҡ
ÿֵ֧˶ǲһġ
л׼÷ǰᰣлԨ׼÷Z
᰸ʦȥˣҪһЩʱҵûȢ⡣
лҪڡʮվȺУлΪԼСʦ˵Ȼûе㵽Сʦܵл̲סһǺֵܡ
Z˾ԱվţһֱûҪڵ˼
лԨöˣǳϣҪߣҪװˣϽԼ顣
˱ȲӵܣѵȲĿűҪͻһ
վŷŷҲʮվ
˶Լ֧ߣΨ常ûУȻ˵常˵ˣ̩ûŮ֮飬Ǻԣ˵رġ
ȻҪޣҲӦüޱˣ͸ü޸常
ϧ΢ᣬվ¶Ҫ˭
ŷ
û뵽ǣվǰһֱڿžƷչ常ʱƵؿˡ
ŷ˵ȻˣǲǸʿ˼
һ˵˾ͱˡǰ׵飬Ȼĸֳȴǲ翴̩Լôġ
ңⱧֻС¹ͻȻŷе˫ͬˮ۾ɨֻеͷƤһըҪ㡣
ʲôȫû
ξվԶĵط
ȫĿּй۽ڱϣȫûһ˿ָԼ
ZҲУʱ
⡣ʺﰲؽԼúӣ¡
ʺĿ㣬ĳԪǷŷ־ȢĴ㣬ŷǳģ˿ڣҲڸԼĶӸᡣ
վڳԪԣضű˵㿴ĺжڳѡϲģ
ʺ⻰һԭڿϷķ˸ŮһδҲ̫ˣ
£ĸ֮ý֮ԣԼѡģ
һʺ⻰ǰڳˡ
ӡĻӣ߲ʵŷˣȫ˽ȥ
ֻҪ˵һҪѡ˭ʺﶼȫ¡
ܿйĺ£
ôʲôˣ
Zĸ׵Ļĸ˵ţ۽ǵϸϸƲԼһۡ
޲ĺҲ˼Ȧ
֪Īĸĸ֪Ķ
⡣
ԭѾŮ˼ģڱȫǵδѡǲͬ⣬ˮǧֻȡһưZ⣬ԼҲӺ⡣
лԨZ˱仯һ
ԭΪ˺òϲµģһZɫı䣬֪ԼûзԴСӾϲԼ
˵ĿⶼŷҲڿĵѡҲС
ܲΪȹܰԼҹȥٹ¡
ʱҲʮˣϲ˭ҶɣҲˡ
ʱȻѡ˭ѡ˭
ȴѼϼܣȫġ
˵ѡ˭

Ұ޳
-
@һֻ
ˢĻta裬ø
ԽûtaԽܡ
-
8.29Ķ

9.1ʼ
Ŀ
ʵǻ¡
Ҫǻ˱ˣĹעҪվ, ֻһҲ˵ˡ
Ǳ֪, յæϺ, ζҪ˵ġ
ҪվȥΪ˸ʽͰѻﱧֻ¹תֵݸվĶѩ
ֻС¹һתƻͲؽ
ֻСоԼһ», µĻȻҲůȴûиոȻġǸе׽Ϣ
ջ, ת˻ʺ, ˵Ů
ʺĻ
ֹǻʺZŷСүҲ
űѡ
ˣⳡɻʺ׿ڱýؼ
֮, Сү⣬ʣ˵Ľų̶Ȳ֧ǵˡ
֧ZлԨ־̲סսˣ·¹ԼҸ
ŷҲ, վڰߵлвţʮš
ǸʲôСү, ӻͷ, Ҫӵܱ, ҲҪһʱ䡣
ĻӸλŷ˾ʵ̫ǿˣʮǳԼʦܣܲа
ѡѡ
Ҳãڳķ˸ŮҲãжĬĬ
ѡǣ֮ıÿ˶Ĵ𰸡
ԡĿ⣬еѹĻҪ
ҪܾɣһǿԼϡ
ûʲôЧʺֻȶףȹ顣
ξѾôһ
Ѿ̫׿϶½ңⲻܡ
Լٻڡ
תý֮֮⣬ҪǵԾǸĸ֮
ַֻᣬԼܲסѹ
ţĿͶվڳԪԵĸס
ڣ󷽵صػʺŮջصĸϥ¾ТֻŶ꣬δЩңĴ¡
Ů˵ţ۾˶Ϸ·𻨰һһĨߣŮԼʵڲ֪ôѡԳŮҵġ
һ£ѡߵĹŮǾһ
ǵĸ־Ͳôˣϼ޻ļһǳԪصĴ󳼣ѡ϶ŮѡҪꡣ
һ£ȫĽ
Ԫ۾վԣҲ̰ᣬ΢Ц˵㿴ⶼ˵ģŮ˰ɡ
ĵԪۿǲ
ȻŮôһתߣԼƵ˼ϣǱϾԼŮ
Ԫһ仰գǾͲˡ
ѡȨ˸ףһ̧ͷס
Լ׵˽⣬ǲʼҵģŷҲʲô䣬ͷһҲѡ
ӭŮĿ⣬һСȻװģɤӣȡ
˵ٴ
Ѿ˸壬ұڻС˵ꡣ
ȻǾͲĻӸСүˡ
֮ܶһ֡ϡ
ͬʱҪٴǿԺҪִŮ޹ȥ˼мˡ
Ժ󣬾ͳųԪһ
մԼĸһ飬ǻû˵ڣӪغ󷽾ʹһɧҡ
ﵹܳײӿ
˲ɵóź󷽿ȥֻԶ˺ĳ
ŻΪѡĸļ½ŵˣ˸ǰȻͬĻҡ
ͷôˣǷʲô£
ȥԪһ̧֣ʲô¡
ּͳ컢ӪΧȫZ̴ӿ̨ȥصľɣлԨҲæϡ
ⵣǵŻҴķZȥûãǷĳŸ޴ġදͬʱܷԽԽسⷽ
ӪĽʿҲһӺ󷽸㱨˿̨ǰ
һҵ˿ȥ
Ԫǰһʣ˵淢ʲô£
ر¡һعͰݵ˵ϣػشǺͷķҰ޵ĵط춯ЩЩͻȻһӣײ˿ܵˣ˳šӪܹˣ
⻰ڿ̨վŵŮǶʱʧɫ
Ұ޷裿ˣ
˵䣬ZѾŻӪĽʿΧ˹⿴̨Χ˸ˮйͨ
ΧƽʱûЩģǵʱű˹
죬ÿ׼ﶼв٣һһӴĿ
Ӫһξĺѡ˿ƽأﰲЩר˿ܡ
һͷҰ޷軹ãôҰһ𷢿񣬿϶ɺϡ
Ԫۡŷͬʱͷ
ȺУʲôͷȥԼŮȴֲֲӰ
ɫһݣܿ˹ȥ
һţͬһ˵˿̨롣
ȻǱ뿴̨һξ룬Щ֪Ϊʲôų̼죬ܿҪϮ
С˵ǸЩҰͷʱ䡣
ڽʳ֮ǰúõģͻȻͷˣ˺ü
ЩﻹеµΪ˸Ͼϲ׼ʱԪ۵ɫˡ
ǽСЩ忪ȫһس˳ͷܸǶǰǵˣһƾķһ
ķɳȥ˵ڵϣ֪
ˣԪס棬תͷ˵λصģӪܻôȫ
ӦǣǿŵӣĻӵûнӪҽʿϴҲؼףҪȻ˹Ҳǵֵ˼̵ġ
Ϊβѿ̨ϵ˶ѸǨߣһ
Χ⿴̨⣬ûбĵطΪıݡ
ǽǰӣӸӣܻΣա
ЩβԵһ˿̻·վš
лиͬ˲еһĸߴһۣĬ˷ڵϵĹͼͲ
ʣµĶʮѧҲ׷ԼûбһջصĹ
ǵĹ϶Ҳԡ
ӪĽʿŶƸ.ǹγҪҪ֡
̨ϣԼ·Щ˼Եذ˷ǰŵİ򣬺վֱʱͬʱͿһ
ͷǰ׵ģСүˮĵ˸ͷǼҶ·Ѿˣƴغ
ٻСүҲæشЩʿм˹ȥ
ʿǸÿһ·ȥж˲м
ZйӶͷͬһսһСүǱԵĵȴ̰
濴ţΪԼΣ۷
˵ĹѾˣֻСүĹڵϡ
һֻͷ⿴̨һֻȺ󷽻һֺϱֵĸӣͷпԲ̤ĵط
йһ£Ȼ󼷵˿̨ԵԽ·ľʿлне磡
õлתͷͼԼ֣ǹң
лпһۿ̨ϵĸߵ㣬µõĴ㡣
˵ڵһãͽʽĹȥţ
һѽסˣлһͲĹģһжʮ֧
ӹ֮󣬾ͽͲϡ
մȻǱȽϼ·˹Ͱ㳯Լõĵطȥ
ŮֽеҪȥ
ڱϢȻȶױģ
ѹ˱Ȼһ˵עǸǰ
ͷǸ߶ȣֽŲãŸ;ȥ
ŵðסĿڣԽԽ˳￴˹ȥ
Ůóʸߣ˶ûӦѾϷŵϣȻԼӰһڳְ֣˺Ĺ
˧½˿Ŵ㶣ӢˣͬǰĽȫһ
˵ڿ̨ϵˣΧZҲע⵽һĻ
һʱ䣬ͷŮӰͬǸݶϵصһ
СүҲͷԼĹ
ѹСүĹͦأ
֮󣬵µĽʿͺһˣ
˵תĿ⣬ķȥ̳Ұ
ⱾӦ÷ּշԳеĶһð˳·ʧȥǡ
мһͷ˸ߵܣڷԵñԭλҪӴ
һ·ŭ𣬼ɱ񣬼ɱһɨȥǰϰͱɨɡ
׼ܵ۾ĬĬţڡ
ģԼеĸ֪ѰĸоĹָһȦ
𡪡
վֱ޴İƿʼɨվڸߴŮ͵ɿ֣
ಡһһ֧ƿնȥתŷܡ
͡һʸûѪ⣬һѪ
ܷŭϲһ֧ʸվڸߴŮѾγ˵ڶ֧׼ĵڶֻ۾

죨9.8ģҺС̲
Ҿ24Сʱûۣ˯
̫ˣҲСˣһٺúøµģģ
-
Ӫҵʱ䣡ƼдԵĺû
һ÷ССâby ȵͷid 3544642
ŬոУзŶȥղһ~
İһ
ʥ½ɭΪŵ֣ƾѪĳ౻һڷ˿׷Ϊ
Ȼ˽µ½ɭȴ⵱С÷·
ٶ۵С÷Ͻףѽɱðˡ
ʧ½ʥί
İ
ΧԺĺοȣȴ׺С⬣Ƿ׷׵٩½ʥ׷޼ѣ
˭֪
½ɭǣС÷֣һ£
ˣҪ
񣨺˵õģһ¡
Եİǰƴ׷ϣΪϵҫ
ϣŵ飬岼ҵʮǡ
ԡ
ֻ
APPûֱСâȵͷȥͿԿ~

9.1ʼ
ڶȥȴûС
ֻʹҡ, ŮԤʧЧ
ĵڶֻܵĶɹȥ, ˸ա
ȻΪųĵһ𾪡
·ĹӪҲлеһż, ꡣ
ǣű޳Ϯȥ
ȺУű⡣
ǰڄeׯϵЩ֣ԭװġ
һֱڲ׾
Ϸһ֮, ûгɵؼμ
һһеҰޡ
ÿһĿ, ûա
ڻӪĽʿȥЩҰ޶̱ӵʱļʸرܹǡ
ھŹ, ѾʼרעЩһľޱ֡
Ԥҽ֮, ·ιӪлк˻ܵİϸ߸, Ԯֻ̩ܵĿ
⾩еһȵ, ƾһɻͼ
ڶȴƾһּ
˫ȫͬһڸĸӻ³󣬶ͬǿҰݡ
ԭݻƲ, һõ¶Գݣͦεľ
, , ܹһһεľޱ, Լߵʱǻ˶׾
ϱԼǺεȵĺãûȱѾΪɺⱻ˻ȥ
Ԫۿ·սֱѪڣټϷļѹƣ˴󷢡
ˣһֱ˵ðѹ
¡ߣѸٵذס֣²ɡ
ϷΪվøߣĿĺãʱˡ
ǳԪվ⿴̨ϣĸ߶Ȳ˶١
ҪĻһԤƵ·еλñ仯˵ˡ
ǰ¡ʺҲȰЭZسǳ䵱֣ܿͻ
㻹ǲҪʱ룬ˡ
Ԫۣ
ҲԣԼǲҪˡ
Ƿ֣·ս
ϷʮһͲʱ򣬱ļֻʣ֧ˡ
ѼͲǰʣµ֧ٿµս
ӪĽʿӭЩҵ޳һʮᣬĸȥԸ۾˵ܡ
һпûʲô⣬ͣ׼ٳ֡
ҡ
·˵ͷܣȴֻһͷǻһͷأ
˾վڸߴĴȥ
ĻңҲɢһЩǵҰޣȴûһֻܵӰӡ
ֹڿ̨ϰԾ˵УŷҲһ㡣
常ǰһŷ˵һͷܣȴӰҰ޳һ֣ҪҪȥ
ءŷ·׼žͺá
ǡŷκλְֻѾս˴ڻһС
ҰͣҲֻô࣬ܿͱòˡ
ֻʿΧҲ˿ڣӹļҪ̡
̨ϵ󳼶ǺܿҪˡ
ɾҪɵǣͻ
ӿ̨Ҳ͵رһŭ𣬵ڶֻð˳
ʲô
̨˶ʱɫ䡣
ػڿ̨ΧĽʿһ󲿷ѾȥսУʣµֻаˡ
էһⷢӭϣֲ£ü˾Ͷܵľ˳ȥ
ǰû赲ֻܺ۾߸ߵؾֻ޴ƣڿ̨͵һģ
ֻľѵԭι̵ľʿ̨һǡ

ŮǾţʶҪһ߶ȥǸǴӸߴһ
һһĿȻźܿ
ܵһȴֵѸļʸ
ĵļѾ˹ϡ
ǰԺ󣬵ļһܵͷ
¿ߵ̲סһã漴ϧط֣֮ܵ䡣
֮Ӳǵţʸ벻˶١
񷽲һ۾ɵĺ˺Ÿ
ⷴȥͲȴּͲֻʣһ
ֻʹӼŭѾʼӿ̨Եˣٴһֻš
ԶսĻӪʿҲûа취Ԯ
ZսߵļУһֻҰ֮ͷ΢䡣
Ժ⣡ԼĸֹλãȻתſ̨ȥ
ת
ַлҲָվںŵĹת̨Եܣһ
ļʸܵƤ˴⬡
ЩɨɳȥĽʿڼпĻҪգ˻²ɣ
ZǱ߿һۣȻԼһ
ָϵĹٴŮӨ׵ָѾˣѪ˳Ź
׼ֻܣ´һ׼ܵࡣ
ʯ֮䣬Ժиֳһͷ
ЩҰͻȻ裬Ŀȷĳſ̨ԼϱӸ׵裬ֱӵĶϷȥѵһ
ԼΪ˸һЩãȻӰһ
и׹˵²ݣǽҰ޷ɺεȵ˺ȴʱ޷ơ
˽⣬ȥץ֡
µˣȻͬһ
£ٴۺһܰǰĽʿĿʱ˽״̬
ڸһ֣һҲ˳ȥԸߴЮżɱ׼ܵţ
һ֮󣬼ⲻ⴩͸ǺʵƤëҴܵı͸˳
ܳʹһ٣ž޴ʹĿ
𡪡
ŷ뿴һĻм类һѻȼ
̩Ȼͬ˲һѹ常ϲ
ǰ֧ԮZδԣͿΪһʹȻѾ֧Ų˶á
վףѾ˹ֻΪȶס
ʱŷ˵֡
һ̣߰˸Сð˳˾ǰںδ
ִԺӭֻǿ֮ĩܡ
̼ʶ˼ԺֶΡ
˵ӪĽʿǿôЩԺĹԱƾľǼɡ
ֻѾ˼ֱ׳һ
ÿСִͷͱá
ĸ˳ĬغˣȻζԭأһ
ֻܿһʧȥƽ⣬ǰ˵
ŭţȻȻεѹš
ʱЩСҲȻǰ
ģҲˡ

ⳡͻĻңͷܵȺ¸ݡ
ʣ´͵ҰҲѾɱ߰˰ˣСЩΪ塣
Ȼ·ͻȻ̨ϵĹݣһڽʿǱǱȴûΣա
ϴױǣں󷽱һƾȥ˰С˵ֻǶһͷһ¾ܺ
ѾϽһǸӱȥȥǵıŮ
û¡סӣóȥڴı⡣
лڼΪΨһһڿ̨ϵֳſֱá
Ȼôÿһƴȫֲ֮ͣͣҪûġ
ȻϵĹ˵ļͲ˳еסԼ
ˡлڼͷȵ𣬡סˡ
ڸĻУΪϢ
ԼջصԼ䵭Ҵƫ
Ȼ˸ңȴδһԼ׽
֪ʲôлڼʵôվ𣿡
վȾֱӱȥ˼
ոϸߴȥ˭Ҳû뵽
ɱôҰޣͷܽĹͶӦüϡ
лڼãŽҲеۡ
ţ͸еſ˫֣ɿرԼһ£ȻȥСԭ籧ĸо
лڼ
ȵ˱죬ѹʲôʱˣ͹ע
⡰١ЦһƿԼվֱˡ
վһԣȻŵ
ɵصû£ס
ŷĿڵ֣ǰŮ˻

Ȼ˵ʮǡ
һûд
-
ỹ1-2糡꣡

9.1ʼ
ضҰʬ, Ѫ
ЩҴҰӴܵģZҲɳһ֧СӣȥЩ©֮ɱɾ
ˣΪ׼һ⣬ȫһսˡ
ž, ʣµҲøˡ
ڴ̮һǵĿ̨뿪ʱ, ж̲ס
ǾǰȴȻ, û̻ȥ
, ŷͬԼǰȥ̽Ľδץɵˡ
ΪЩҰ׼ʳӵϰٸ˷, Ҳ޷˲˭ǽӴҰޡ
ΧǷյģҪӳȥĻ, Ȼ, Բ߻һ¼˿϶С
, üԺúõŲμˡ
У⻻·, ϵ˿Ҳɶѩһ
ֻɶѩȥС¹̲ؽ˺ܾá
Ϊ˰, ѩˮǲɾϻûгŪɾѪ, ιһţ顣ֻСǵȵ⻻·, Ǳ, Ű
ѩûа취, ֻɱⱧ, Լϵˡ
ϵ˿ʵ̫ˣöѩһۣһΪһߵͷ˵յǳͷˣ˶ͷôˡ
˻⵹һС㡣
֪ˣȥʱô֪£
ѩǴαݶϣŵû겻ӡ
ΪⱲӶôˣ
ˡָԺ󣬶ѩվɱվš
ѩҪֻС¹̣æǵ˹ȥ
һ뿪ĻֻСʱֽл
ѩΪⵣôãֱֲǾͶ˵ʲôұһ𣿡
ҪȥԼĸס
ԣֻ̧СԴԶѩ˵һúչǱҧˡ
ֻ껹أȻҧֻС¹
ѩӦˣűûޣһСЩ
Цȥ˸
Уһ˵
ΪǰܾţͷʹһϢȥˡ
ŮߣҲչˣӾͷ˵
ǰл·ֱҰ޵ģлԨZߣս֮С
лڼû³վڿ̨Ͽọ̈̄Zŷڵ£ҲûзɣͬԼĶǷһ
лڼҽѾˣڼЩʬ塣
šͷʵʲôûУЩô衣
лڼҡҡͷ
ģķ񣬿϶Ϊġ
ҽҲ鲻ԭֻΪⳡҵõҩҽû
ɫζ޾ݿ£ҩ̶ֳȣ
һ˵׵ֵܽһжֳ֡
ҡ
ҷѾãҲû˵ʲô
鵽ǲǶ˸ɵģ˵
ҾǶңѵôһɵҲ֪
ʱӪʵƿ·ı˽
Ĭͣ⣬׷׿˱⡣
Ů˵ˡ
һֽ磬ߵ˽ԡ
леĿ˵ָϣǸղʱûлָŪ˵ġ
лԨԱļǺ棬˵ʲôʱôģ
Լ̵أͽ̵ܽôãʦҪˣ
ûСҡͷ֪ģҾǱƼˡ
лԨü⻰˭Ű
ˡ˵öѾ·ˣҲȥ°ɡ
һȥԼӪϴ£лǸŸ׻Уûȥ·
ûжֵлڼãлԨлϾͷǳҪȥϴһˡ
ֵͬ׸ˣһ뿪
ھԵʱлԨ̧õлͷлڼȥûǸոձñһ£Ŀбӣûж
ȵ뿪ԺоʣԼףʱԵÿտࡣ
⿴ĸףʵ˭ģɲ˽
ҡҡͷ
룬⶯ֵûе׽סҪٰܾˡ
˿Ҳ˽⣬Σָֻˡ
֣ȥ£㵹ȸߵôǰʺѡʱָϵˣ
ȹҩѾʱȥˡ
δ˳ԼӪȥ
ֱǿ̨뿪ԺûмĵӰӡ
һߣһ߻ŷ⶯ҷ֮ǰĳ
ⱻôһϣȥһġ
޴ôõĻȻա
Լʺŵвſ˭С
Ҫѡ̾ѡZٶҰҲֹ
ϧվǰõȴ
صԼӪǰµǰͣ˽ŲȻһƣĿ⳯濴ȥ
ͼĺúõشӪУˮǿˣ׼Ҫȥˮ
˽˵һվס
Ż£Ҳˡ
ˮЩãȻС㣿
վԭأûеƣЩ谵Ӫǰˣʵ㲻ǲģ˭
УҪԼˣʵԼôĸ˸ס
֮ŮķǸԼһģһŮ֪ôģ֪ŮԼôء
룬ʱ⣺ܵ뷨ԼôģϲĻ𣿡
˵ĻӺܺáȻҲöЩһֱͬһˣǻӣһͲá
ܸˣŮûбʼҵĹۣż뵽ʹȥ
ʵŷ̫ξأ
ҡҡͷ˵׼
ۣȷʵŷôԼ鶼Ӫĥ͸
ҲȫȻ徿ģαװˡ
ͷŷȷʵҲ䣬𣿡
⻹Ӧһ£ʶСү֡
Сүĸء
˽ͬ׽˽ǽƥ
εصŮʶ
СүͻȻðġ
Цһ˵ǼҵˣԶ֪ʲôͻ
֮Ů˶Ȥͺá
ʵϣҲŮ߼ޣ޵ԽԽá
ҪδŮ׸񳤹һǾ͸ˡ
̣Ա˵ãȥ˵ģ㲻õġ
⻶һ˵ˣ
ⳡԣɱľˡ
ЩµȻⲻܳԣƤëܹõġ
ԼȥܹõٺƤë±ŵôãŮԼ򵽵ƤëñӸӡ
ǿġ
ӪиŮ֣Ӫ֮⣬ε֮ȴսš
ε£һʼû¶
ãȻֽŵصС˵ʲôū
װˣ㲻ǲģĶҳϣ뿪Ұ벽㾿˭
Ļ£վǰ˾Ц
Цһ˿ɳƣ˾ΪͳŮ˲һ
о裬׼ǰ춯ͳȥȡ
ڲԶѲ飬ǸԼģ֮¶ģԼΪˣҲҪܵ𷣣Ҳǿ
ǼŶԷȻЦһʱȴûҪֵ˼̲ס룬ĪȻ˲ĵ˽Ҳ޸֮
ˣԼѰܹɱڣһݡ
ڲĻ⡣
ϸ΢ı仯ɲģŮӿ޵οȻĺ
Լ·ɫ䣬ȴ˼˵Ϊ˱סԼĵλǨŭϳȥԼﶼֳȥ
⻰е򾲶һɨա
¶̵ͬһı飬صں˵ʲô
顭ǰô֪

8.28Ķ
-
Ųɣ

9.1ʼ
ܡ
ʱֵʱΧ, Ӧ˿ˣϵʬҲŻ𻯵ģмеḶ́Ӧó©
ǰˣ, Լ֮Բܻ֪¡
ǰ˶Ǵ˿ƶϳôһ, ݱ¶ҪԼ̸жѡ
û֤, ֪
ηĬ仰, һ򶨡
˵û֤ݣ㲻ûҡ
αװɲĵȴЦ
ǲĵЦͬŮƽʱģȫͬ
мɵ, õǺεȵľȫ
Լ, ҲΪ⼸ʼղ, ԲŸоԡ
ο
ġһ߿, һ߽ŵˮϣȻߵǰ
η·𿴵һԼǰס
ס˺˵ĳ嶯, վԭء
ʱ¶κһη, ԽʵԼɱϵ¡
ġߵԼǰ, ԼתһȦ, Ӳ෽
Ҫ˲֪, ǼĪΪ, Ҽϵ, ܹȵġ
ҼȻ֪Щ£ʱ㡪˵ʲô˵ϲ֤ݣһ֤
αֱͫ΢΢
֤ܣܣ
ţҲ˵˳ܡܣһ仹ȽСȵڶʹ
ġתǰ
ôοŵϵ
һصңԺһ˲ʶǰǴġ
ֻͬڵԺֱߵ¯ϣ˺Ůϣβŵ
վ쳤صţϲŶմȾһơ
ǰڵˡ
Ǹ˵ģٴθǰô޺ġ
ʵϣȴһߡ
Ǵʲôʱʼ֣Լݽȥģ
תָ̧Լ˰̶Ѿʧˡ
Ǵмżģ¶࣬Ѿ˷ʣһԼȥ
¶κҵ£˭˵¶ûбĶҩͨƤû͸أ
ڵŮĶע⵽任ı飬ֻЦһ˵صģ¶ûĶǾǶҵʥҩ
ָһ١
ֱӵؽԼݡ
βǰ˭֮ȴû˵֪ԼѾɱڡ
û뵽Ůûй˼ɡ
ҲӲ֤ǵʵĸǿΪǿ޼ɵ
η֣ʶԼһǿѣմһߡ
ЦԭǵԼҰڿ˫ȫһƽȵλϡ
ƽȣ˻顣
ЩУֻǲٿ߸ܵĹϵ
ŮĿϣε̫أٴЦ
һЦһǰתһǰˮҲðôأⲻҺĳ롣
˵תΣǺúúô¾Զֻ֪֪ʲôҪⱱʲôλãһŮ޵ݵ½ȥȹһҲܰ㡣
仰εġ
ٴ̧ͷʱǰŮѾ˲ĵ̬ŲĵԼ˵С㣬ҳȥˮˡ
˵֮˵ʲôſ˵ˮ˳ȥ·ҲȫλǰĶǣ˵ȥ
ǾһϵƣҪôһҪôһ
ƶŲǰȥ
һһǰŵϣڲסز
ͷԼֲ֣λ˾ˣ
ֻһʣֲ
ǻǰɱ˳鱻˷֣Ҳڻˡ
ε͵͵һ˦
ֱײ˴齣һʹŭҲָѡ
ˣ棬Ҫˡ
ֻԼվ˸ߴӵȨܹЩҪܵˡ
ǶߣֺγЫӣ
ţӻóҩƿװŵڸġ
ԭ˿ãںˣôõһŮԣȻҪõ¡
ȵġڸ˴кˮξϣ̧ͷ
ġ·ǰĶԻδŮ¶һ΢Ц˵һҪȥ
-
ҩϢһ֮󣬵ȵŵʱоöˡ
һ۾ͷֱԱԼһԼ
ô
ͷʵš
ЩǴǰ˵ģеܵȻͱθá
ֹΡ
ףԭȥˮһ͸еץסԼ֣ɵڴʣôˣǲ𣿡
ҡҡͷû¡
ϢʱҸոո˵껰ԭ㣬˵Ѿ˯ˣұûнżҪˣӦҲҪˣԾҽѡ
ⶼҪˣܵ濴ȥӪʳ֮ûٿĴܷģɫΡ
˵ţҲſŮ֣ȥˮ
ΪʲôȻΪιһЩȪ
ղһʱѾȪȡһεںУһ˵ǰˡ
˯֮ȷʵڿʲѡ
ôһˮȥо˺ֻζ𣬸е˶ɢһЩ
ӻŮ˵ˡžҪ˱´
ͷŮĶ֪Ѿˣϴþ߽źϴΪѣ˷١
һ׼׵˿ھеԼȷʵȷҩǰҪɫöˣͷҲˡ
ְ˰̫ѨͷڳʮǳʱµģÿÿҪĥü졣
ξȻôûˣ֡
ĪŮصߣĸӵȺˣԼͷҲ
⻹Ա߿ţȵĸһʰã޵Ǻÿ
Ļ̷Ů̲סЦ
ع񣬴ױǰվַס
㰡εصôҪٹһЩ׾ͷˡ
ָ֪ĻǽԼ˸ߴ޷飬ֻ˵֪ˣŮ´ο϶ôߡοҲôùػض¡
ĸŮ뿪Ӫʣߡ
˱㲻پۼϯǸš
ԭǽɱôӦǿԼӲ͵ģЩﲻ֪ʲôҩ·ҽҲ鲻
ȻҲǲܸ˳ˣ׼һһѻոɾ
˽ճ׼ʳҪѷɫ٣ҶҪԼ취Щ
ͬҲߣԸŮġ
ǣվԭһȻӭ
ĸס࣬Ҳס˵ԭĸѾˣҸȥġղų׼ĲҿһۣЩ壬ȥ嵭Щĸĸס
εĻ˵ġ
ҲǣҪҵʲôʾԼТģȥЩ嵭ɫʺϲˡ
Це˵áһһҵطȥʡ
Ѿʣֵ˶վ
ȵԺеɺЩˣ
ЩˡǴŰɡ

˵ġ졿ˣҺ
滹нȵңҪң

9.1ʼ
ĺɫĺ, ƻ㡣
ţϯϸ׽
հ£ܹһžۣЩٺĸо
˾ܹúõشһ𣬾Ѿĸ
ϯ, ͬ˵Ϯ¡
˶, ȥ֮Ҫ̫ͬ˵𣬻Ҫô̼˵˵ǡ
ǲ˵ġһˣһ˵, ھ, ֲ̨ɽ, ܻ, , ˵ˡ
˵, ҲΪӼ˲ˡ
ǿУ΢΢ü
ĸ, ûд©һ˲仯
Ȼǿ, ĸ岻Щȷʵԡ
ϧԼûпǵ취, ΪЩˡ
ţ嵭ɫ
ολ, ӹ͹Ĳ, ֶ˵ǰ
ͣ˽̸, 
νӷǵϣĸףŮΪĸ׼ġ
Ĳ˱ʳȷʵθöࡣ
չüģ¶һ΢Цúӡ
ֻԼλϣɫһ
˵ջһˣǱݡ׼ġ
һ¹ӣ÷ָңۺζ
Ļ£͵¹Ӿ
ˣսָ
ȥóΪˣáġߣŻȥҩ
ҩĲɫ¹ӡ
ͣġ
һԵøɸɾ
ȱ˵ǰ
һöȻ˵
˿Щӣȴҡҡͷ
ǳ嵭ĺãһζڶθ
ҲǿŮ˶˵ǰ
лڼϲ¹⣬ûлԨл˶ˡ
͵ǰʱ򣬱Ҳһö˳ζǲ
Цеʵó𣿡
ͷټһö
οȥӵסԼֲסЦ
Ӷ˵Լǰʱŷ˱ӣҡͷҽûʲôθڡ
ûθڰ
лԨеһ䣬ȻŮǾͰ̾Ͷ˵ǰɡ
µʹͲ˷ѣȻҶӲرϲȫԵˡ
ֽӡӡǣ˵ûθһûٶꡣ
ֶҩںԶ٣մһ㣬ᷢ
лгˣҲˣĿľͶﵽˡ
ȵŽԼӪʣβͬȷϣֻĲǰж±ˣ
ȻںһЩˣȴ˶ŮӸˡ
ҪûĸĻҪһҲһƬӰ
ţһ˵Сˡ
ǶˣԴͼıҲɥĲֱӰһ󳼶ɱˡ
Ҹм·;ңԶ뻹мС㱱ܴңõ˵ҲеĶҡ
Ϊ£ǲġ
ȥҵ¹µǱҩ
Ժ֢״ˡһġ
Եʱ˶Ͳرۣע
һ۾ǰǾͺá
˵ţٴۿʵҩ𣿡

һҹȥܼԺͬʱҲûвʲô˿
ڶգ˾׼ʱӪ˾С
ݵһȴǾĶǡ
ص֮Եʹˮһ͵
лӱֳɫԻ˵̩һθԼˡ
Сүնͬ
ûгȥȲϷҲûڼֻ䳡ţԼĹ
˶е㵣ǲħˡ
ֻСү֪ڱ۾һգԼĶӣŮȴվڸߴԼĹһһɱҰ޵ģ
ֻǾñɰԼԵȢҲΪ˸Լӡ
ǵȼģ֮СүƽһθеʲôȻĶ
ǲܵġ
СүԼЩģԭΪԴˣԳԼ飬ڿԼǸ竣Ҳ䲻˼ҡ
Ϊ˼ϣţѾά״̬ˡ
˿żôһӣ˳ѾѵˣԸɲţȵ˳˳سɼҵ
С˵ת㿴Ǳȥ˵һ˵ףȥһ󣿡
סȥʲôãлǸ˵˳۵ңҲϲǶӣҾ£㻹֪λڴʲôͷ𣿡
ô죿˺ܽǣѵͿŶ
𼱡οޣ˵˵ʵлᡣ
ʲô˵˵
Ҷл˵˽⣬϶ԼŮ޽һ棬ǼҾӮ˱¡
Ҫô˵ǶĶͷ׼ġ
Ρ򴽣ΣǶǺõģСʱ̫ˡڻֻҪص;ϣǸѡңлⲻǿֻҪҸһƢٸŸɣҲûɲŮ޹ˡ
Ϊ˶ӣҪͷҲԸˡ
ǰ˵Լı˷Ժ˵ҽˡ
鷿
ˮˮоӹΰԪ볯Ϊ٣ձꡣ
ͬԪԺ󣬾鷿иġ
̽һ⣬Ѿȥʱ䣬Ȼûиɼǲ鲻ʲôˡ
ת˻⣬ͬԪ˵ԼŮ¡
ԪۼҪԼͻͷӦźã롪
ڲͻ飬ֻҪԼĶͬıͶˣǽԼӦٶҲϣӦġ
Ӧúúã޴Ӧ㲻ͻ顣
˵л¡ôദ᲻֪Ԫ˵ӦԼģ
Ǽ˵ĻպҪ̳дͳĻҵŮҲϲġ
ԪۼȻˣУҲһΪ
⻰˵óԪЩڨڨģⰡ
˵ʲôͿıǶ˻һѪۡ
Ԫ۶ʱһָָԡ
ŵָķ̧ڱǶһȻһͼֱĨѪ
ˣԪӣŵ̺
Ϊ˲ųԪ۸飬ͷŵ̫˽£
Ԫ˵죬ȥ̫ҽ
̫˭Ҫ̫ҽһֹסıѪʱת˳ȥС̫ȥ̫ҽ
ıѪһͣˣֻ½ϵεѪһʱҲɾ
̫ҽΪ
ԪԿţĹ֮Ҳĺѡ
ε˾ô࣬һҲ١
ˣԪ۸Ľš
ο²õģû¡
Ԫ۲ȵҽջ֮ʵΣ̫ҽ
ػϡ̫ҽվպûд󰭣ӦǷβȵѪȣڱ΢Ϊҩڶȣûˡ
ҽĻԪŰЩ
תͷ˵¹ûа׳԰
ѪֹųԪ۵ҿЩҲûٳԣ̫ҽʱ²ҲעЩ
̫ҽͣô˵ˣȻӦǡ
ҼҲûʲô£Ԫ˵ˣȥϢɣǵúúóҩ
ּּл̫ҽҩͽץҩԺŴųԪ۵Ķ鷿뿪
ڳŵʱüӭ
Ųս׼
ԭһ棬Ҫԡ䳰ȷһ
ǰʱ־ܾҵףֻƥơ
û뵽ߵԼǰȴƽſھƣЩŤͬԼһ֣Ǵк
ȻãҲ͹ֻʵҪ鷿ȥ
ǡ֣ĿŵҩϣҲʵôˣ
ް˵Щϻ𡣡
Ŀ½ϣŵѪµ鷿Ѫˡ
Իϲҽǰ뿪
ǻ˴ǰ϶Źᣬ岻С
һΣȴֻЩӲص塣
˵ͳһ֣һԾس鷿ȥˡ
վȻ˷
תͷıӰƬ̣˼²ǻûģԼ׼ҡ
һʱԼұŮȻŮӺϣһЦţһ߼ȥˡ
-
ʥʱȻҩ˶Щġ
̫ףŶӽֻ˵û£ЩϻԱҽҿҩ
ߵĺ׽ҩȥ׼ȼϡ
ڷԣһͬߵǰһ˵ǰԵЩȣԲ
򸾶˴š
̫յ⣬ԼŮչ¶һֺüǾ̫ðգնѱߣһ𳭾𣬺ϴһϴܳЩ
ҲĸߣŻƷ
˸ĸԣ˵ȵҩЩʱЩȵˮʲôҩȲȪЧá
̫΢΢һЦ˵һˣɡ
Ӧһǡ˿꣬ʼʳ
Ȼյ¹ֻһţʹˣ˷˶Ҫ졣
ȻʼѪˣǺܿҲԳ֢״ԼҲʱðҩˡ
ǣڶ糿ȥԺ밲֮ǰξȷ֢״ƵҩԲͬҩ
ԭһαѪţͬԼ˵ʱεıǶҲһѪʱһţΣ
ĸףãȻӣеҺ壬Ҫ̧ȥãȴס
ͷѪҪһԼӲѪһ߶ϲѾ˵ȥȡЩˮ
Ѿȡˮ֮ĴεĶͷϣƬ̣ȵѪֹס˲µͷ
չӣͼŮǶ˵ѾѪȾһС顣
ѪεҲûôأôҲϻô
ҡͷ˵֪ٻţæԺַԸҵȥҽһˡ
Ӧһǡȥˡ
ԭҽӦɵģû뵽ȴһ˻ˡ
ҶڳϣŸүһ䣬ŭͷѪֹ
ѹֻû뵽ȴѪһеѪӱǶʶһͷ
ѪֵУǺܣǺȳѪĭһΪԼڰ϶ͷѪˡ
˺ֵĻ⣬ǺЦ
ҽ벻ˣֻȥеҽҽõĴ
ܿ͹ˣΪΰѹ֮Ҳֻ˵ûд󰭡
ҩ͸˴ǣĻţɴ˵û£ǱȻȥϢȹٿΡ
𴦵ļɹĵԺȴ֡
ʶ̸ĺѡƽնˡԭ幫ҲģǾ˵ʺղڹûг
ͬŲһս꣬ʱҲǰҪڵöࡣ
ƽͬҵŮûʲô˼֮ȴ˻ͦģ˶ϲΣ̱ҵ˹ͬ⡣
սƽ
һԺУͤδ¾˵ûء
ȥ׵Ժ밲ȻѪֹôƹˣڴϢ
ƽһĸ㡣
֣ͬ˵Ժ󣬺ö˶ϻѪ
˵ſ⣬㿴û°
֮ǰƽȥ˱棬ûиϣҲô
ҲҲû£ƫν󡣡˵ţһüű˵˵ǿƣΪڹùǰĹעԲԼѱӸŪˡ
ƽĻԳԵЦ
ҲһЦ
أҲȻˣﰾ̶ɳһߡ
һ˵ƽֵð
Դͬ⽻ػرдǵĶƽرóԡ
Ҳ˵õʲôϡϣƽĸ㣬һ
ǰҲڿԺͣȫ᲻ƽ˷ܡ
ŽƽôҲǿΪξ;˸Ķرóԣ
ǵȵ̶ɳһһ뷨ͳȥˡ
ƽ˵ûдԺ̶ɳǾرóԣ
һ룬ЦеʵҪʢһ𣿡
ֻˣͲԼ㶪ˣֻ˹˵һ룬һЩ
ڱ׹ռظӿˡ
ԭ˹Ϲ߲˵ĵط¿Ŀյر⻹ûȥ
ºѾڿôλãЩȻûе֡
治֪ؾ
ſռ䣬÷ȡͷȪ
ÿյˮﶼһΣϸˮЩʳעظԼͼ˵ʡ
ԼʱҲô⣬ȴѪֹɼǱ˺á
Ȫȸʵ磬Ҳûʲô⣿

ʣ

9.1ʼ
, ׻Ȫò
ǲڼңռܹʵ壬˴ߣϸظʾͺˡ

οҩαж֢״һԼժ˳ȥ, ò˻ɡ
αװɲĵĶŮ, ˶ʱȴοȻı㣬˭뵽¶˻ԼҲ¶أ
ױǰ, δʩ֬ۡ
Ӿؿɸ, ¶, ҡ
ġЦ̩Ŀ֮λ, , ¶, ȻġĹлòС, һǺҲȻҲ, лӴһ򼫺ãôҲµ֣
лԨһ˽¹ӳԹ⣬ҲȰ, ϸû¶˵ʯĳ
ѾⶫŮӵ, ˽µʱ, ˵, 
ʵҲˡ
ҪﵽĿģҪһЩ˵
˭лԨ̰ʳ
ֻڵȴӱлеԺдϢȴһֱûеȵ
θеǡ
ҪлС
ĪȪţⶾҩ
ҹлڵ¿飬ȻеǶһȡ
̧һڵƹһȴǼѪ
ͬʱԼĿռΪûŪ߲˹ϹеԼϳһ㺹·𻹴Щ̱ǵζɵͣ
ֱԼֱۡ
Ϊ˷㶯Ӷһ۾ܿԼֱһںڵġɢŴ̱ζʡ
⶯һ٣ִһ£õǰţ漴ü
ɫϵãԼһκȵһȪųҲʡ
֮һֱȪϣûڻٻôʡ

ϴЩۣڴԺ󣬱Ȼ⡣
ԣǶлԨ
֮лԨżվʹڻӪС
ϴͻô㵲סһ޳ZԶʮΪӣµ󷨡
лԨھУҲѪ֢״
ԼͷɹţѪҲ֡
ǵȵһգڳѵǶѪֹҲ飬֮¾Ȼеһ䣬ص˵ϣŷֲԾ
ẔͣжصͬʱԼĸֵӣҽΪлԨ
»һţΪڻӪʲô¡
ǵҽ֮ȴҲֻ˵Ѫȣֻһҩȳŵ
£лԨڴϻ˯ѡ
ӵϢܿ˸˶ߡ
˼ҩѪ֢״ûֹͣѪĴˡ
˿̣ڶӵĴߣٴθеǻѪ
̧ȥĿȻͣڴϡ
Բ
ǽĸҽһĽҩҲͬС졣
Ƕûа취Լķϵ⣬ļ٣Ѿȥɽ˿Ŵʦһˡ
֮Ѫֹ˲Ǵ󲿷ֶһֹ֮ͣˡ
ûһǸѪҺȥ·Ҳĸɾ
ûеø׺Ͷ֢ͬ״лڼվһԣüֻ޲ô׺͵ܹܵ
ûбˣֻǸӡ
֣Գӿڵڼ
лڼ͵͵ӦһǰڳѪֻͫ΢΢ס
ҡҡͷ̫ҽԺ鲻֢ȻҩʯˡӣΪˣҪҪĵܵܡãĸסĸ¡
ףлڼһǰ
Ÿ׵֣ȻеȵҺԼֱϡ
ӵ΢΢ͷȥͼԼֱ΢΢οѪΡ
ѪɫУ׵ƽȣͬԼ˵Ϊ֮Ϊ֮·Ҫһ̸ӵģݵĶԻи
ȵŴʦˣûа취Ҫƣϡ
ΣգҲȿ
ӵеʱڴϵĴӸ١
֮ͳصΪ˵Ļˣ
лڼк᣺ӡˡ
类ͻظеʱ򣬱ڻͬ
е˴ҴҵظĻѾߣǴߵСˡ
лڼСһԺ˱ͻ𼱻ǵصȥүүҪˣ
ţеıʵ˵ϡ
ȥֱߣҲûüүүһ
ϿҴȥӰûʱʣֻŮӰԺʧԺ󣬲żڵϵıʡ
ɩӴӳΧȹϾִٵز֡
ԭ׼緹˵Ҫõġ
үɩԥʵһҪô𣿡
ˣ˵ǲˣɡ
ñȿŴʦ죬һصо̱˶Ժӡ
Ķ磬Ӧûµġ
ϱӶû£Ⱳôᡭô£
ΪʲôӰ쵽˶
ָ䣬ѩ׷ֻܿԺȻΪӶͣסŲ
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硭
лУĹǡ
߹лʳָڱǶˣɵסһֻ֣׷ʵ磬ôˣأ
лû̻ش𣬱ĿڴϵֻϣһͻֻͼָҲѪӡǡ
÷ˣлҲûֻ˵տʼˡ
Լ棬ⲡڣҲڡ
лԨǵĸףֻµõͬһֲ֢
˵еͬһ涾
ڼлԨͻʱлоʶһ㡣
Ļɪһ£Լ׹ռԵ޹һۣڴ˿̽ǰϵһ
ֻǸ׺͸ⶾҲˡ
ֻ׹ֵ֣ʱЩֻԶ˳ûж𺦡
ǣĸֲǸֿľ綾
ãһƬ˵жӦΧʱеģҰ޷ǰ¶ںŰ£Ӫн䱸ɭϣ˭뵽ڰ˵ֶΣܹ֪ٴ¶
ǵģ˭뵽
ԼֺԼûܲ
л̧֣ḧͷҺãûж

лûõĻֻеץԼֱøˡ
һ̧̣ͷ˵磬Ҳжˡ
лһ
ֻǻδ˵ʲô˵а취磬ܾǡ
ǰεõôһ׹ſռ䣬Ȫиֱ
ûиκˣȴĸ׳ϡ
ȻĸŮƾ׹һУһ·ı䣬ִ˳һӶĸ߶ȡ
һõ׹Ҳ߳Լ
ǣŸ磬ص磬ҵĵһľǸ硣
ǵģûʲôҪڸǵġ
˾ĺɰȡһСƿӡ
лнӹõݹСƿӣǣ
װȪڻ֪£ֻҪ㹻ȪܹеĶ
ֻҪûȪܵӵǣָ޹״̬
ֻҪûصˣʱ䣬Ȫ޸
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ñƭˣԺһʲôͷץס˹ȥ
ڱеע£лвɵþ
ûʱǴӺδȡȪֻʵһСƿ˺𣿡
Ǹ˶ж֢״ƿֻһˣôҪѡ
ģæƿһС
леƿӣƬ̣Ȼ˵Ҫи뷨

9.11

9.1ʼ
ʦ, 롣
ſŴʦɽ¹һʹҴҵߡ
ŴʦϵĲķ˻
ɽӸǵ֢
˼⣬֢֮ճ, ԭӦòʲô, ȴصĺ
ҪǲҳԭĻֻ˶֮ݡ
ڻ԰·ϵţһſŴʦ, ӭĸ, ʦ
δͣ, ȴ, һ߼ǰһ߶˵ôԼúϢ, Ҳܳˣ
θ, ǵĲ˵ŮĲ¡
ʵҪһ, Լµķʲôزˡ
һµĶȥ, мһʱ䡣
жĵʮ죬˾Ѿڲϲܶ
жĵ, лԨѾֻǼֲһ¡
, ²ͣ, ˵ŮѾû, ԾȥôʦһΪܹãɸ׸ȴò
ŴʦĻһۣСҲ֢״
û֮ǰҲˣֻԿŴʦ˵ǰҲ֢ͬ״ҩͺˡ
ԷԽš
Ĵ𰸣Ŵʦֹ۲Ƭ̣ľжȷʵû⣬иɻ
һһлԨԺӣһͼվڷıлС
лñͷֹѪ
һ·ǰйһĻֱҪһǰȥ
æҲ˰̣סһֱֻۡ
ǿ񣬱Լһ˫Ůǰŵű⣬ôˣ
סͷı»иոոɺԵѪеĿ
һҪͷ
æ˵𶯡ͷ
ٿӣȴԼҲһǶѪ
ŮѪֹסˣǶȴ
СжָŮϣߵһ
Ƿġ۰һ˫ŮȻҲûӹ䣡
Ȼ𣬿ŴʦѾǰȳűл֡
ӣĿ
άͷƣ۽ǿ磬ȻٿͬһĿŴʦ
ȻҲѹǣǰһ˵ʦΪӸһɡ
ˣʦڡ
ϣæ˿ˡ
лͬʱֹȥŴʦһĶã˵
Խصȴţֺ
¿Ŵʦҽһֲ⡣
Ŵʦüֿ˵ɫһЩ⣬Ȼջ֡
ηţ̲סǰһʦΣ
Ŵʦ󿴣Ӹһû󡣡
΢ػ˻ΣæסĸСġ
Ŵʦ֣˵Сֹİһ
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űӣѪѾֹסˣ·Ѫӡûʧ
ſŴʦΪΰͬҲûзκ״
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ȿŴʦôãͬʦҲϤŽȥȻǺá
ȻôһӶȥ鷳
ԺеʯˣȻأԴᡣ
Ƭ̣⡣
һһѹأʵڲ֪һһܲƽȹ
֢״Ҳ֪ͬһվͣͬĸһ
һĻȻǵǵɫȴѾޱȡ
ӵй׹֪ȪҲġлá
ڿȪҲܣ񡰷ľ綾ͽⲻˣֻӻлеķˡ
ͬл׽Ժг룬ҲǺȹȪģԲŻϵڲŶ
鵽ѾһˣҲҪһ
ţĿڵӡ
һĵλȻܵӰ졣
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κʱ϶ᶯҡ
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֪֮ԳΪһЩ֮ǡ
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֣롣
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Ŵʦֽӹοƿյǰ
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ŴʦƿӣлУˮ
леͷ
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Ŀƿϣ˸л֮ǰʱһ⣺ƿȪܹã
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ǰھΧмԺӪҲûв˭֡
ڰĶûб뿪Χ͸Բ塣
Ǹжȴһ
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ǰȻ˵ǡ
鲻ﲻûа취
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ĸף

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ʦлڼչĸףʹ̵صѵľûа취
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סŴʦ뿪ҲСȷȥϢɡ
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ǻԵɺϲŵˡһ֮ҩ¶û˲쳣Ųһɮˣѵܱҽ̫ҽԺӾͨҽ
뵽λΪϧԽҽټ˹УҲûбסоͷһЦ
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ھ񻹺ãлԨȴѾԲգղŻָʶ
ԪѾȥˣ۾ȴȻ޷һ޷ֹѪ
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ھأǹ¼ҹˣŷǾһ𳤴
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񻹺ãҲٹ˼ġϲ顱ǩˣųԪ۱Լ鷿
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Ԫ۸ͲĻֲҴ
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Ҫ˵ɥԪǷҧгݵص޸˭˭ˣλ᲻տС
ĻЦַЦЦžǺ
Ԫæ裬ûеǻʱ鷿Ҳ߶ϵط
Ϊһԣ԰׵Ҳһ˿ѪɫȵƽŶԳԪ˵б仰Ͱˡ

ŴʦصɽԺ󣬽ղ߲ݣҽ伮һ취
ȹȣԶ
ϿӻһֱǷѪȡ
ѪֹʹѸ顣
Ǹӵ嶼Ѿ鲻ܲҩֻ»
ˣŴʦ㽫ҩʽΪҩԡ
ֱҩԡҩȻ̫͡ٴУʵпдȪĄeׯ
̵еġ
ھeׯȪ
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ŴʦͬţڼeׯѡһһСӵġ
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ŴʦĻʱһӦϺ˰취
ŴʦҲ˵ˣķҲֻһԣһ
ܿ˾Ҳǵȥeׯķƣ˵ܺá
ҪȥҲҪͬԳ֢״ӸŮȥ
һȥʰܹȥ
ѹԼеʣڻصԼԺԺʣЧ𣿡
ôܣ¶һߣġҲȻ˲м飬ãС𣿡
Ļεǻ
ܺãȻɱôһıһ
ţʵټ̵£ϿлӦ
ⶫŮַɳƵЦôţΪŮҪТóԸ
ΣƽߵǰԼһ衣
ʵϣһǰαңоǺܲġ
ϱ߰ɫǳϣϧһѾˡ
ⶥŲòĶŮ˵ģϰźãȻ㡣
շŷƿµļԺ϶ɲ̽
ʱǻҪĵȴ
ҡҩԷһҪҲʱ䣬Ҫһ壬еǻᡣ
֮ĵһʱء
ƬУ޺۾վǰǵһŮ
ǸˣһȥeׯͲ֪ܲٻ
̫Ȼò춼ŵգҲûܳͱ
תȥʱٴ̲סʹ޳
ĸױˣǻûµġԣĵذοš
˿̵İο˼顣
ΪƶϵȥԺ󣬾ͲٻŻصԼǰˡ
ֱ̧ۣͷԶе
˿̣һֻصǰһжԼƿ֮µĸо
УлԨԼһﵥţСչˡ
⡢лкͿŴʦͬһС
ŷӵ飬̾һҶԲĸĸס
οףҪ̸ףҲûа취¡
ŶׯлеƿȪιлԨһЩлԼûãΪά״ã˲ɡ
ȥ˄eׯߵˣҲܳ׵Ųȥ
ʱȪˡ

9.121+2
ٺٺ

9.1ʼ
ﻧ
ԭˮƽϢԺ, ѾһСֻ˽ϡ
عһ·йٲ, ǹƼ
ԭסﻧ, Ѿɷࡣ
ص֮ȥؽ԰ǳϣ¡
, ϵðոõϢ
ܹصֻһ֡
ˮĵԺܿؽ, ֮ȴѾ޷סˡ
ȺеĴ, ҪѰҹ֮ء
ԭŷָͬӵ£Ⱦؼصֻŷļϡ
ҪʣЩ˵, Ǩ, Ȼûпѹ, ȴȾˮĽҪõöࡣ
ΪһǨȥ, ۡ
ȻĽ¼԰Ҫܴ, ڱȴˮ֮, ҲвĶ
еһװҪȥ
ŷΪǨĹԱ, ˿վڳ¥֮ϡ
һЩﻧ˼µ뿪һ濴ĳӳǡ
Ҫȥıׯڳвܡ
ͬȥĶ, , ̩
ҲӲ֤һ¡Ǽ, ĸ˻֢ͬ
¥֮ϣŷĳӳȥϵ紵
һҺ̶ܴϵõĲǲ֢ж
̫ҽǲ鲻ǼԺܹȥ顣
涾ڶ࣬ԺڲöѾ˻ڴӺ̵ĵ伮ѰӦ֢״
ʱˣԸȶõĴܳ˵ԲǺ¡
ҡ֮⣬ŷҲ뿴űôȥ
ǻѡеļ̳ˣ󣬻ͭԿֻصС
ǰҲûʲô
ŷֻҪţ¡ǮׯĶͻ֮ǰԼС
ǣУŷȴ常̾Ϣһ
겻ɵÿıӰһۣ常ǲȥ̩̾Ϣô
ŷ֪Լʲô
ڷӣǻˣԼӦò̫ϧ
Ϊʲôƫⲻͬ
ΪѸߣոտŵĻ䡣
ÿһμµľϲ
ˣϧ
һ㣬ŷɿüͷ
ֻϣڼԺҳеʲô֮ǰŴʦܹסǵ

·нһʱŵִ˱ׯ
ˣ¶Цݣһ
ŮҲЦȻˣǾȥɡ
˵ӦһСѾ˽̤
лȥ漴ǿŴʦȻǱ⣬
һֱԣŸʱ򣬻ȥСĵطš
ں漸С˸Ҳڰض
ﲻǼ˵Ʒмҩġ
ҩǿŴʦ׼ģֻдÿһ׼֮뾩ԶҪҩ
˿һҩ̧ȥа½ꡣ
Ȫҩԡ֮ÿڸǸȪųЩۡ
߰ɡ˵
һƲ˱ׯ
⴦eׯȻƽնֻŻά֮ǰׯϵ˾ͽﵽشһ顣
߽һ·£еǴeׯһӣ洦ɼԾɰء
һߣһ߶Ů˵游ıׯ
飬ڸгļӶֻ֪бⲻ֪
游ȻŮԼ˹
ûЦЦȻһ游ʱϲ
ϧԺ̫ȥ̨ɽޡ
´飬ҲׯΪԶĴҲ࣬Щˡ
һŸ׵ĻһŸȥ׼סԺӡ
ԭׯԺӶ࣬һһҲ´࣬Ϊ˷ŴʦҽΣԴҶסͬһԺ
ڻ˯лԨҲѾС˴̧ͽ˷С
ȥ˿
Ȫ࣬ԲԪѪθĶȴûų
ⲻҲҶιȪǾ仰ҪȪǷЧǾһԣգпŴʦԻԳһȡ
ԼһκȪǺ˴뱭ķ
еȪǲġ
Եһص䣬͹غŴ׼ȥȡ㹻Ȫ
ⱸõһֻµľƺ
վڷУҪ׹ռȥԼĴá
ָһ٣˴ߡ
ͣûֻһӰӡ档
⿴Ϥĳͷһ漴һϲ̳Ǳ˹ȥ
ôˣ
˴ͷ̾ͷ˽ӯ˵ϡ
ϵЦݻûȥ˾Ѿժ֡
˶üһűⲻİȴס
ʮʦ֡
ҡʮɻʦܵϱУӰ˹
űдӾϲɡԭ㡱ֻ˵ҲѵΪĲңʦܣ
ûе¡תѴϣתͼʮڰһһµ棬ʵʮʦôˣ˼𣿡
ûʮҴһʦܣڰжš
ˣΪ͵ιѾԼݼȥˣȴû뵽˸ŵ˱ׯ
ʮ֪Լڽ֮ǰҪȥȡȪҲñ¶ݡ
ڶ֮˵ʦܣ㿪˰ɣ
ûСⲻòһλѣ˵ʮʦҲǺܿĵġ
ȻȥʮȴûжñûжԲ᰺ǵʦ
ʮƬ̣˵ĪҪģҽոɲֻΪҵ¡
Ļִӻȡ˾ССֽ
ֽǷŸצϢģĿƲˡ
ùĪǰдţ
ʮ˻ֽ˵ʦˣСҪҪ
̲סǰһȥѾһʱ䣬ڲ֪ȥҲ֪·;Ƿ˳ȻŹȻ뿴ġ
ȥ֮ǰȴȻһ¡
ͣ˶ʮɵصŲǼĸҵģԲԣ
ʮȷʵǼĸġ
ʦŶеϵʽŵķķʽιеٶȼ죬׼ȷҵˡ
ûֱӸдţдʺʮʦֵͬʱһǵг̣ʣµľž䶼ʸΣΡ
ʮʵǺΣֱдʲôͬԾ͸ɴˡ
ǾһͲֽһͰ´ˣԼʦȳȥˡ
˵žֿ˴ԭ·Ʈ˳ȥ֪ȥ
һֽûйϵĴǰվƬ̣дĻʲôȻŽչˡ
һۣľǰϤּǰֳܸڵдЩֵĻ档
ϱׯʱ򣬰ҪԼ͵͵ҲֱСֽ
ֻ濪ƪд֮дŹΪʦûлʦţŸϱȥˣʮʦǻȥʦǻᵣġ
̣˵£㿪ʼ⡣
ʱǷ񰲺ãĶϲƽˣлǷʣűһ٣ֽī㣬ʱгʲôˡ
⿴һ䣬еϷ̡
⻹ûддԼʦˣʲôʵ꾡ʦǰҲȫûԼ˼
⽫дԼģȴͨƪԼֽȥĿ֮󣬲Ѱ˸յƿӣװ˽ȥ
ֽŷǳ۵ҲôһЩ
ʮȻǲҪȥģ룬ֱӴ׹ĿռȻ֦˸طƿӷźá
ռʱ䲻ǰУֽﲻ᷺ҲᷢùŶþܱá
վ֦£һ̧־ժʵ֦
֦ᰣ̲ס̧ժŰ˳ԡ
֦ۣñԵö̲סüЦ
֮ȥĵȪۣǸɾľƺװһˮ
-
ׯȪںɽֱ԰˼ӣ
ߵԺһһСӣұǱһӡ
Ժ˰֮ǾȥȪһߡ
ⲻܸȥ԰Ȫһȥ
ˮƵȪرߣǶŵǵζ
̲סԶӸпȥ游ʱҲͬһ
Щ˶ĿҩģѾСȪ
СؿɻǰҲСˣȥ
ЩҩģЩˮϣЩײ
ζ˴һ˿ҩ㡣
ӷ𡣡Ŵʦ˵׼ĶϺõҩģĴһҩԡǿ֮Ч
˵ͷȥ²ų
ǽ׳ȥһҲв֮ˣȵٳԼһֻƺЦжھͺȾƣδҲ̫Щ
лžƺ˻ΣԸ˵ͷװĿɲǾơ
ͷװĲǾƣĪȪ
뵽һգóôһСƿ㹻ôһۼΣ
лп˿ŴʦŴʦѾ˽룬΢΢ס
˸ǰѾƺݸһڡ
ԽӹװȪľƺͷһۣȻս˴ߺһڡ
ⴿȪڸиɽȪˮ죬
һȥǿҵˬ֮С
лŸף׸оΣ
Ƭ̣ûио
Ȼ󽫾ƺݻ˶ӡ
ȵôһڣͷʣºü˷ݡ
лнӹ˾ƺ÷ŶԼҪֻһڲȻͷø׺һЩ
ǰűóôһȪҲͬһе⡣
ڰձ˵ģȪȥ֮ҪһʱŻá
ȥȪš
Ҳôġ
Գرߵ̨׽ǷҩĵȪСУȻ˱Ե
ŴʦڰϵүоΣ
δڣ԰оһˬķ磬Դɢˮ¶Χ¡
ڳеĨһЦмø͵Ͼ֮С
ܹʱ˵óֶԻģҲֻˡ
лŴʦڳرߵ£ȪЧ
ȴʱΪ·òŹȥʱ
лԨУҲڶĴǰôá
һͰ˵ȶˡ
ŴʦȪŸףŶ硣
߽ǿתڴϵлԨ۾һʱ㲻Լ
촽ˮ
һ̱ȥˮȻѱӶ˵ǰ磬ˮ
ιᵹҲлԨǺ˴ߣȻְѸԼιˮ
ˮȻǲȪлԨȹˮԺ󣬱ְŻͷϣʵԶ𣿡
лԨδ˵ͼıǶֻѪ
ΪƽţѪվŵʱֱ£ǳ໬䡣
æԼΪãıǶˡ
лԨ˯һ죬˾
űӣãص
ӭĿ⣺游Ȫׯϡ
ͬлԨˣǿŴʦһ˸ȪҩԡºͷӣϵĲ֢
ǣлԨõĻﲶ׽ʣҪҲ
û¡ⰴסû¡
˵ڣƽʱ˵ԿлԨҲһȵùá
ڴ϶ãֱðοпŴʦڣһܹκö㣬κõҲǵġһûԶˣȥΪԵġ
˵ţ֣Լ־ţ׼ȥСЩÿ˻ʳ
ŴʦȪŸףҲóЩˡ
ţһ̧ͷȷʮʦֲϵӰĵջĿ뿪
ȪԣлиŴʦעı仯
ڹȥİʱɫӲ԰ױú󣬻ΪȪڣֻΪźȥȪˮá
ŴʦΪһǰȽûκ⣬֮⣬ȪҲûԳЧ
صԣл˵ٵȵȡ
ָƬ̣лڳرֱ壬еʦ
Ŵʦ۾
ֻԭɫƽ·ȪҪ˯ŵںƳ׽˯״̬
ȪѬڵóֳ˽ѪɫϣۿɼкɫʴӼ
ļ¶ˮС
ˮ£Щɫ۴һðͱȪˮϴˣټϳƯҩģԵ²׿ı仯
ϵĲ֣˭ԿЩڵʴĲӡͷȵطð
ٶĿ죬ڳر߶ɵվ˶˷ҵ伮صϴ̥֮
õɮе֮϶һ۹ȥ½ǡ
ŴʦһĻеĹâ仯ԭˣԭˡ
леõȪǽⶾʥЩκεЧǿϴ
ڸճʱ޹ġŴʦ˵
꽥ҲãҲãжҲãڵʶԽԽ࣬ն𺦡
Ҳһֲ֢ĻǾڵĶʻ۵˼ޣûа취޸
ȪԽڵָ޹״̬Ȼٶ֣ٲ
ѳЩжм󲡣ܹˣϴĹ̳ñȱá
м䣬Ŵʦٶ£лȡȪιһڡ
Ƭ֮ϴĹڽҲת
һ۾͸е࣬ˬ
ǡˣ
Ȫ̧֣սȭһԼڱӿ԰ԼĿŴʦ˵ˣˣ
лиŴʦȥȴ⣬ķӦеЩ֡
Լϵı仯ô
л

һ֣ûʪŵһĨȻһͼ϶ۡ
ȷʵԡ

ڿ֣

9.1ʼ
ǻѡʱ, ԭġ
Եһη֮󣬲ÿʱ䣬ͻһѪ
ֻҪѪʱ䵽֪Ƿȥˡ
ӣеǻȻˮʪ, ȴûѪȵζ
ֹƬ, ϤĸоȻûеɼѪֹסˡ
ȪĶã
죡ڳԻվڰϵĶֵ, ж, Ȫš
лûж, óȪ, ǸҲ, ŴʦҲ, ûΪʲôԼûкȡ
֣ʵȴ, ϾлԼһ
֪Ȫڱ, ȴûԼȺϵ
ⲻȪĹЧżһˮǶ˫ȲзϵԼ, ȴȻܲȥҽԼ
лΪ޷оԼȡ
ԭΪǿŴʦκԼ, ǼõȪ֮, ȴӦ
Ч, Ȫˮ
ȪκȣҲǿ塣
˶֮󣬲ûǵĸһƵ
ڳȪĹЧԼϽȥлֻشףҲ֢״΢ȰѶ̧Ȫˮ˵
һҲǣԼĶӲΣģ±ͷ˵öԡ
ӳԼһȥӣлæֹ
ѾϰˮгֳڳӱԵ⻰ͣ˶
ŴʦҲ˵ò
˶ͣүȪԲ˷֡үʱ򻹲ת۾ͱÿޱȣλ᲻̽ðա
ʦˡһֻ࣬˳жȥɡ
ǱϲͷԣЩ
һص͸еԼָˣҩҲ͸΢΢С
ʦ˼Ƭ̣Ŵʦʵʦʲô취ҵɫԵò̬Щ
ŴʦһͷŽǰָĽѨȻתת
ȵٰγʱֳֳͬһĲ̬ɫ
лпһĻпŴʦҽ
Ҫס˶Ҫࡣ
Ŵʦջ˽룬леӣȥӶӹɡ
ле˵ͷȪ뿪ȥлԨڵķ䡣
Ϊ˷ҩԡסԺȪһƬ̾ߵ
лԨСˣ̧˷ùĵܣݽϵ˰ᵽ˵ϡ
лԨţ̧ܵԼڵһñűӣһʵôˣҪ̧ȥĶȥˣһųԷء
ʲôʱ򶼲ǳԡ
лΣҩԡŴʦȥûҪǼĻ˻ġ
СλүĶԻ̧ŵһ·Ȫӱߡ
һŵүҩĶô԰ףҶͷϻ麹˾;
ȪأǼүȴôࡣ
ʲôӵָʾͰѶӷˡ
лԨһɵϣͷԱһ࣬ͼ˫۽գɫ԰ס
Ļʱ
ƽʱʮûʲôˡ
СԼҹүֻеԽʹһ˻̲סĨᡣ
ԭְ﹫Ӱ·ˣȻ˷ȥֹǣǳȥɣʦҪȸʩ룬ȥݡ
ǡСͣ˰лԨ·֣԰뿪һ߻һ̲סͷ
ֻǿŴʦȻó˽룬ҪǶӣ˶˶
ߵ԰⣬˶ۿģСүôôأ
ӱߣлԨɤӣڳûзӦҪʵܵǵôˣǲǱӸݻˡ
ոż֮ɤӣ˵
лм״Ÿ˹
ְлԨӵѱӴյǰˮ
ҲȣлԨʹӣȻشң
ӷ𡣡ŴʦԵүû£ȰⱭˮˣȥһţĺøһʩ롣
лнӿڵȿˮ˵Ųɷ˵Ҫ
лԨ£ԼôôûϣǱǿֱܵǿࡣ
лйһȪлԨǺòӱǺˮ
˷ѣлֻ÷Ż˹ٶȡ
֪ԼûкùӳԣлԨѧˡ
ϵغⱭˮ죬ˮúȡ
Ȫȹˣлвų˱ӣҪǲˮĻڳݾ˻ˮģǺȵò
лԨǺţڳĵ˷Ӧæֺһ
ȥȻɫ񻹺ã˵ûˮˣͲһˡ
ҡлԨﻹʣлѾʼְ·ˣֻӣͶİѸӽ˳
˷ʳȴﲻˡ
磿ţŶ磬ûӦʳ˳أ
ţһ̧ͷͼһָָֻ֣Ȫķ
Ȼ
ոһĸʳУȻ˶ȪǱߣǾȫȥˡ
ʮվϿŮѷűߵʣ¼ʳȫΪһղסֱϣҪŹȥ
ʮֶûҪҪҪæ
Ůĸʳж˵·ȫ⣬ͳԺӣȪǱȥˡ
Ȫ԰⣬ŰʳжȻվű߽ˡ
׸ŶڳˣֱӽȥֻӦûûˮǾͽ硣
Ů͸ƵˮлˣŴʦҲˡ
ΨڳŵлԨѾͬղһ״̬ʲôҲ֪
леҳȥ
˵˳ȥ
԰վţŸˮֱǾˡ
һ硱һĿԼʳϣæҸոȥˣѾˣ˹
˵ţʳøܹţʵôˣ
öվ԰ſ.ʳУлϵıء
̾Ϣһ˵á
˵ţȴʳеĶõֱϷɿд˸á֡
ⷴӦ죬ϵЦʱûˡ
лñһǳܲסһ˵ҡˡת뿪һһ
лԨСڲԶĻ԰еţ̬ⷬʱһͻһȪ԰ӵķ
ôˣѵǿŴʦƷЧүӵĲ𣿣
-
뿪ļգǸæˡ
ڸչ˲̫ͬʱҪﱸӵ¡
ⶼ뿪֮ǰ޶ҹʱľ
һԼͦȥҪТѾ꣬ȥǵлڼ
ʵңʱ⣬˵Ǹܹϲ£ϲͻ
˽ȥȥͬ˵붨»ڣŵ¡
ûԥͷӦˡ
Ըʱ޹ʮָж
뿪ʱûǹϲˣһ޹ȥõĻ죬ˡ
鸮ڹϣһ˿϶ҲϣȻתһƴϡ
žһ⧲ûһƵڵأߵ˲߸¡
㡪̧ͷŭŵս㡣
Ȼؿһûޣһҵţˣ
Ŀ˸һ£ŷ֣˵Ųҡ
ŻܣŸ˵С˵Ļڸġ

Ȼٵǡ
᲻

9.1ʼ
ҵ׼, һصУȥ̫
̫վһЩѾڴͷЪϢ
̫ĨŶϱЩ˷ܵ, ǰΪ⼸¶㲲Ķϱ, ֡
æֵ˹ȥ
Ϊˡֱ̫Щǿˣ
⼸Ѿһһ, ˿һĸĻ, ˡ
۾, Ѿûжĸо, ֻ˲, Ȼ󼷳Цݶ̫˵, Ҳࡣȵ޹, һ׮, ϲһүү˵Ҳ
̫ͷá
ʱǳ˼Щ, Ҳûбİ취ˡ
лҽΪؽ֮ãȻϲ²ôҴ, ԲΪִپͷܡ
Т, ΪӳðѾȫ, һ֮ȥһ˹У˻ʺ
ʺ֪Ѵֻοôһ׮ϲ£ȷʵáģΪһױ
գʺҵŮױ͵鸮˵ٹ⣬ھйŮͷһݡ
ϢҲ˱ׯȥ
գÿһɹȥׯϣǣٽϢظУսˡ
ȴǹ£лڼ
Ҫͬ飬ȻҪ׿߸׻еܵá
ѾɿŴʦ˼գЩҩҲţһˡ
лڼмУһͷɿׯߣ뿴Լĸ׺͵ܵˡ
Ҵ߹ׯӣ԰һͼ׺ԼĶܿȥԺˣϵĲȻδ
ŴʦΪʩ룬ּҩǺȡ
лڼǰͬ׼һ񣬲ٿли⡣
ֻʱʮ־ĵܸܵãＸƺĥòء
ǵʱǾҲãɫҲãࡣ
лڼһݣֺ޲ôԼĸסܹĸоϮͷ
ų״֪ţǼ⣬ֻ£ڼҪΪ㽡;ΣΪ֣ʱ򵣵еΣõġ
ǡлڼ̧֣ԼĶᡣ
ӣϿţ۾Ŵ硣
һԺﶼƲҵ֮£лڼǵûһܿҪϲ£Խ˵ԽԼ
ţñƭеĲ̡
ֻҪĲ˵ͿԣԵʲôɵ˵ˡ
ԶλϣлԨҲһװڿŴʦĽʱ򣬻װģؽ
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ȵлڼһȥԭ˾ֱͦ˱һҲǰ޾ɡ
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ĵһգлԨͺȪų඾
ȵڶվлС
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лȴס֣Ҫȥ
ǲۼű඾ȥǸײģҲġ
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СæѾȹˣѾⶾˡ
һ˵ţһһβСһ֣㵽Ӻߡ
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лվԭأεԼֲȥץöʲô
ȡЩȪеĴ棬Լ֮ʣµĸֲͲҶȡ
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лڼӱׯϴϢ߸׸ܵõ״ô˵˵ġ
ӷ𣬰ӷ𡭡˫ֺʮмһ漴֡
ȻȻᣬȴЦ˵㿴ϲҪﱸţܵõ嶼ˡ
׵ӾͶڼ֮Ѿŵƽʣ͸ǰȫͬϲ
лڼҲ¶Цݣ˵ĸЩʱˡ
ҡҡͷһҲûʲôֻҪһܹƽƽǱˡ
лڼ˵ʱգ߰ҡûڣΪŲ֪Ǻá
˵ţξͶһ밲ҩ
ĸӶ˶ȥ
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Ρлڼ˵ʱˡ
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лڼɩӽţһֵͬͲôˡ
ҩҩϣ˲ǣǰڼоǹܼҵһѺ֣˹ΪϵĵӾȥҲ帣ˡ
лڼ׻ᣬҪĸ׿ġ
ĸӶ˵ĻȻϵ鲻䣬Ѿá
òײŽлԨЩ˸Ū˳ȥ˸
ӲŹ˶ãһԼŵľأ
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϶΢΢һ١
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δžֻùȪ˼Ȫûù
Ҳ֪θԼͬ
Լһռֲ߲˹ϹҲųͷȵЩռԺڵʯҲˡ
ԼڳʯԼǰҪʵ͸͸磬ʱʱţ
룬ʯģǲ
Ůо棬̲סתͷƬһۡ
ѵΪԼҪʲôԾ͸Լʲô

һߵİл̫̫һĸ
-
9.15ĸ£

9.1ʼ
⽥͸˳⡣
eׯҲ˶
ϴ, ʼ׼һĹ
ڿһ˵µıƾð˳
Լǿʯص˷롣
飬һʯ׹ռ
ƾĶһ̫, ֻע⡣
ת, 򴲱ߡ
ոڿռʯϴɾԺְǰһ, ЩȻ״, п, ӵġ
һзʯ, һͷǰ, һͷ, ״һŰײˡ
հõ뵽ģжɰˡ
ֻϧ, Ȼ뷨, ȴûе̹ʯ
ɻشϣϴɾʯͷߣת˸, ִ˴
Ѿˣڿռڱ, һӾͲ֪ȥ˶ʱ䡣
˵ɸΪ֮, ȴǷ˹
, үүọ́Ƿα׹Լ档
ϴŵļٻ̲ס룬үүͺˡ
ϧeׯϣܹ
ǹҪףһһȥ֮󣬻ܹȥүүҲһϲơ
׵ģôһʱ䲻Լүү㲻ϲ֣ҲӦûġ
ջָű۾ץŵ̫мʱ䣬СС˯һ

³ˣա
ҵŮͶһ顣
³һգȥ˱ׯͱӱׯϻ
ǰš
лڼԴ˵űȥӭӡ
ӰһڹٵϣϾ¶Цݡ
سǵĽʿҲϳȵͣ£Ӵ¶ʱȴһ
ǡˡ
ڼԼĳӣ˵߰ɣǻȥ
лڼһӦһǣܾñԼȥʱ򣬵Ӳˡ
ȵӵתͷǰ棬ַӡ
˳ţƶԼСŮǲ̫ˣ
ᰡ
˵ţϸ˿ⲻ͸ǰջĲ
ŸղųӼԼʹɫ֡
ҲǾøƽʱ࣬׳ӺԷӦô
ӼԼһοӣĸأ
ţ˼顣
ǰͬȺ
ֽţŷܹǻ
һͽֻȥһˣˡ
ǲݣ뿪ʱǾ͡
̲סſ˲ֲʱķ
ֲȰԾǰס֣ȰĸײҪţ粻˵ˣǶѾöˡԿŴʦ뿪eׯɽȥ伮һ׶εķ
飬ﷸֹ⾿ǿŴʦ󣬻ͣ
ֻǻعⷵգлڼ˲žǺ˺ܶࣿ
ţ˵ˣˣ
˳Ļ̧ͷȥֻǰͷż
æ˾̨š
лڼһͣ˽ŲҲͣ
̲סǰһһֽͣǰ
еͣ˵ǵˡ
ȻСѸףǧҪΪһʱ¶š
ĻŮŮȷһϵױû⣬͵ǰƿ
лڼ˽˵ףã³ˡ
ӦһáſŴ
ԵϵЦȥ˼֡
ֻ·һӼǿҵⲻӦܲסֵ̧һ¡
ضͼֵʱϲݸ·񶼱һգҲࡣ
еϣգЩӵƷ·ã׻
ҪԷҪһڵء
νһĸסǿվˣ˵û¡
ɶӷţѵĴ
ȵվ֮лڼȥô
үǰҪǿɳӷСŮʱһʹ
ȥʱ򻹺úõģȥ˼գͱ
ŮſŴʦһκ
㱣ֻһ
һĻ껽˻
УŮǰֵ
æӦһЦݣˡ
ĸǰںлԨлҲˡ
ллãߣֻɫͬһ
лԨ̧ȥģˣûֻлùϡ
ֵܶ˴һ𣬾Ľɫһ
Ƕصǰһĸס
˶ӣԼʲôأ
һ˻žۡ
˰۽ǣȥˣһת˵үǻȥɡ
áӦ˺ãһϵķһһ̨ס
лڼտܵܣ˵
ε쵽ԼǰԼ˵ãҷɡ
⿴Сͽˡ
˵˴
ʱμѪĭжʱƶŲûܽǵĶ
ŵڼգӦ÷صģ˵ôƷҪһ
ţ˱̨ףĴºϡ
Ϣܿʹˡ
ϲ֢ûкתҶӸŮҲǸ
еĻʱͱ˸пôһϲϲȴǳžۡ
ϲ֮󣬺ܿҪһɥ¡
˱⵽ԺӣûнȥҲʡӦꡣ
һصԼԺӣԺеѾǾΧ
ˣ
ѩûиׯȥҲͷһţһӣ֣
ԺѾ䲻ѩһ񣬵Ҳͬദôһʱ䣬֪ĳạֲ̃ˣԸǻ
ȴӣҲ̲ס
ⱻѩŽݣҪ鴭ӣϣһȦ۾СΧţеЩͷۡ
ԾŶѩ֣ԼԺ˵
ݺüҶ˹ݵؽС
ⴭһֲϾҪˣᶼһա
ޣѩԺҪ죬ͯ޼ɣ޹˵
СѾҲһŵصܻþúþõģ
һģ
εǾͲҪˡ
⻰Ůǲǿᣬɢȥ
ûа취ͬǽͣŶѩǿᣬֻ֣˵Բ㡱
-
ⱾΪҪȹմ׵ʱܼүүûͬȥԵŮˡ
մҴҵߣȥ˄eׯϣѩͬŵʱҲǺ۾
˵ûϲҪģⲻ£ǻܹģ
ȥ¡Ǯׯŷôһ£ʱסˡ
һ;ΥĳԼԺӣݷá
Ůʦţе飬ӭ
ȻӦ꣬ܵӳɻǰţлڼ˺
лۿҼʦҼүҲӦҪģǡ
ϰ˰֣֪
̾Ϣһֵҽվ⣬Ҳ취ܲܰ
֪ݣֻͨ黭ңֻлԱĹػʹȥ⡣
ϸ԰߹˻ȣ˱Ժӡ
ֻȻŵƽʣϲϲ֮£ȴǳۣ᲻ɢûҲ̾Ϣ
ԺЩɨСѾǶæͣеĶ
ɡȻŻϵ鷿ȥ˵ȻЩʱձ岻ãڹһҲûзɵġ
Σʱ͸úúʲô
ȵȥͷ˵ˡһڿԣһдֵŮ̧ͷĿүү
αװ֮Сͷδ˵һۿϵαװ
⣺
ϣ

9.1ʼ
ʦ, ݺͻü˲裬׼˸
ûʦ, ſһֺûͬλѧ, еɻڵõ˽
˷˲㣬˳, ˴˶һۣÿʦԼĲһ
ԭΪӦһɷ, û뵽ġ
СС, ͨͨȥǸƽүӣ˲¶ࡣ
ʦȲ衣һ߿, һûϺȲ衣
Ժ, ʲô, ĸ, ȥЩԵĸȥ, Ҳǰס֡
Щ, Ͼͳһڣͷˡ
һԾͲСѾͷ, óԡ
Żȴû뿪
»жԱװʣҲ̾˵
, ÿԼĶŮһ, Ǽһξһˡ
Ϊ, ᲻뿪
⣬˵Ůѧϰ黭Ȥ£Ҳϲţͺۿ
ϵͣ
ʶԼʧ̬ˣæվͻȻЩҪæҾͲˡ
⻹Ҫȥȴĸ׾ܾˡ
˵ˣúԼȥͺˡ
˵ͬϸ˴ǣŴ鷿˳ȥ
϶￴ţתʱ򣬷մմ۽ǡ
ȵԺţŶԶѩ˵ͷ
ѩ˳ȥ˶֧ˣԼ⡣
ûˣ̾˱ǰôСѾͷװ
ûûСæֱ壬үү֣Ȼѹһһʮظ
ԭĻᣬͬүү齲ģû뵽ԼӶûͳȥ˾͹ˡ
Сպû
ʱ飬жһֻ־
Ƕ˿϶ǽ˶ǲżһľ͸ˡ
ű⣬֪СѾͷѾΣˣ˻¡
һΣæҪүү
̧һֻ֣˰ڣԼߵԱˡ
ʵװţ߳ʵﶼûиߣ
ûС¶εԷǳģЩ˻᲻ڸУ³ҵ绹пŴʦֻүү֪ˡ
һŮûԼǸ˵ġ
߻ţȻΣգֻѱرׯȥҪ
ǡüֳɻ飬˵ȥ
ɫοүүõģαװأûܷ֡
ǵȻϲ޵⡣
αװ֮Щ.ƤߵĿɲһ
ⷽƵֱӸ˵ϣԸıɫı״̬
ټϹӰ仯ıָԭӲȥԶһؼ
ѧı£ѧãв⣬̲ס
һ͹˲ϵˡ
үүˣֿڵʵүү첻һͷҲҪҪүү͹ȥġ
ôҪϲƣϵˣүү֡ĺҸոѾˡ
ɫṴ̊ͼĺ񡣡
˵ߵԼһ룬óһʯǰӿռǿ顣
ϼſȭͷʯߵԼǰȻ֬ݸԼүү
ģֽӹ͸еһ̧ۿ⣬񲻴
صϣеõģȴᡣ
ˣɩɣ
ȷʵãҲȫ͵ó֡
ȻСѾͷÿ뵽ԼҪԼæ
ծҡҡͷУүүˣյ˸
æүүҪСҪ׹һܹŵġ
һ⻰ԭҪεʯ˼·жˡ
˿ȭͷʯֶŮ˵Ļɾ˷ôõһˡ
⼫Ʒ֬񣬵ƷҲ㹻ˡ
ȴִܹүүҵģҵģʯãȴѵáүүÿϧһͷôġ˵ֱ˸ͣүүʲôʲô
СѾͷͲִ˺öˡ
ðɡòеӣһֵ˵ġһ˵ţһ·ֽģҲ˷Ϻõӡ
Ц˵үүˡ
úúã֪үүϷʯŻͷøϻӰװźôȥ⣬üԭΪ㲡ţ˲ϱģڡ
Ƿѣ̽ʵôүү
ϴ㻹ǵǰŷµĶ˶ңҪ⼸𣿡
æǵõġ˵۾һүүѰЩˣ
ϵ˵ͷ
ȷʵѾѰǼ䡣
պнһ䱦ᣬɼҴлйŶлٰģû·˸ȥ
ϣ챦ʧѾõ黭ڸŷҪǼֵطȥһ
źӵѾˣҪĻȷʵš
ֻ˵⣬ֲ˵һҪѻõǰ
ҵ䣬ȫƾԼȥҲһġ
˵ţ֣⣺ؼĻȥʶʶһŵ
ǱҪװŲóȻȥ˾»¶ڡ
˵ԭΪʲôأĻ񲻼򵥣˵ҲԸҪͬүүȥʶʶһӴ
̧־ϵһ£ͯ޼ɣ
ѩͷæתʵǲˣ
Ŷͷæû¡
ѩȻǺܷģһͷһǻϣǿûȥ
ѹ»ػҲ˵
ͷ֣ʵûа취Ǿ͵»лٴȥɡ˵ţ۾һתүүòȥ˷ǲͷͽ̽ộ
㶼ûѧãȷһ䣬ȻŵҲѧ
СƵĵͷ
ȻģĿռڳôʯһϻֻǷһֵĵأָͷŶء
εصаɡ
ڱŮͣ˴磬˸ϻװŮԼʯٵʱ룬һĨ˰֮ɫ
⸱ģԭҲǵſʱһʿˡ
Ǽүӣǰ仰Ҳ˵ȥӵ׷ʣҲ֧֧ᡣ
ڶ죬ҹǿϵ壬ʣµӴĥһֻ֬װڽͻȥ
ⰾһϰͨ˫ۣиƶҪˡ
ֽ˺ӣʱȥߵĻ϶˵ȥϻӽѩȻȥɽ£ҸµĶˣһ˻ͬ
󽫺ڻУСĵӦһǡ
ȻɻֹҲùʣֻ˻ֵȥɡ

ҽ簡ȫԼУԵ
ͷĿѣ

9.1ʼ
ҽ, Ҫȥ, Ҫȥɽ¡
󲻸ӣܿͼ⡣
ﶼûл, пҲ˼С
ȫűϵԵ, üΣԼ·ڽŴŵСװĲ࣬Ǹеĺᡣ
ͣԺʹŻĺӴӳԯ, ˽űߡ
С硣ЦվС˵, ҿߵĶѩģͨһ
վŵһС, ǶѩǰעζǸ
Ϊ, һȣЩ, ŵСˡ
ģϻŶѩ
ջϱ˵ٽͻѩ⻹ǱҪ͸Ӹĺһ㰲ȡ
һ, ŵС˻û˵ʲô˵Ȼȥжѩ
æӦһ, ⰲֵص, ʱ, ͬӦС˾ʹŶѩˡ
ѩæϻȡ˳ݸ˶ѩүҴġ
ϻͷź첼Ҳ֪װʲôѩûϸģͬ˵硣
˰֣ûʲôȻ˵⻹£붬ѩҸҼǿӸ밲ˡ
ؽŵСⲻײ밲̲סЦЩ²ˣһʼװأһ˵¶ڡ
ûЦ˵֮תȻȻɹ˿Ǻȸ뿪ˡ
ѩϻתȥؽŵСӰԵͬԼĵͬ磺˵ѩõʲôµǰ˭·ġӴ
δ˵꣬ͱ־һںϡ
涬ѩµǿʦҵʲôµˣţԼʯʨˣֻ۾裬˼첻Ǹ𣿡
ĻŵС˻һ£ǡ
ʱԼղûЦر
һߣְ
˸ǰĻ⣬Źȥ˰ʱһŽ
ͷԺ󣬾ͷУæõһԣⲻ֪˭Ҫš
ӳ׵ˣ츮˶׼£ô˾ʱȥ
ŵС˲̧ͷǿԼ󵨳µȴһ
͵͵̧ͷüӴö˶¶ŵӰ
ȥ⼸ʱ䣬ʱעΣй۲ôãһϳŵθŮģȵֵ֮ܿͷȥ
ǰȥ˱ׯѩҲжʱûҪ㱨ЩˣЩò׼ҪҪȥ߿Сȥأ
Ժ⻻ѡ
մףȻҪ¡һЩ
ԭõѴӦǺܺÿģΪԼһݣЩɫĵ㲡
ڄeׯϵʱǵױԲȵͲˡ
ԱԵƵϣܹ⾰¹ˮҲ䡣
ھǰվţǲСԼĵ紩·ҲԼһŽġ
ȹڣӾһͿݺͻüĨᡣ
ԺСѾͷˮģŻһգԺӶҪˮûˡ
ЩΣԭǲҪˣһתͼѩϻӴͷ
ѩһݺͻüͽѩ㡱æᡣ
ѩߣ
ϻӵ˹˵ʵүү˰ˣ
ѩ˵ͷ־ͽϻŵĺ첼¶˵µľϻ
ݺͻüȻոջڿޣעתƵҲܿ죬ϻһǵ۹档
ϻԭԺģǼġ
⿪ϻӵĶ˶٣˵ˣǿ
˵֮󣬼۾Ŵľϻ
һ˲䣬ľϻз·ųӨӨĹâ̾
ֻĺɫ޲еö壬лһֻ
Ө׵ͬ֬ɫ޲£ԵԽ覣ѩŶƲˡ
Ҳо̾ԭʯѾ㹻ÿүүĵ֮󣬸ӻ
ֻϿ̵ͼʱǶģǽһȴγ˺Ӧͼ·һ塣
ü
٣͸õףΪӦ
ԢŶӶรʱȡĸ߽֮⣬˼ˡ
ָϸȻϡ
ֻûκεװΣͬ⾫µһǡˮܽأȻȥΡ˵Ŀⶼ۽֬ʵϡ
ݺͻü԰Ͱ͵ؿţ˳󷽵ظԼ
ʮһ˸ѩÿһСְֵشš
ϲһȥϻ·еһ㣬һ˵ͷҵˣҪʦѧϰˡѧԺ󣬵ȵ˼ңҲһҵθǣͬһá
Ƿƽʱô˵˶Ȼ᲻ĵ
ݵʱ˵ĻȴǸһõĳŵ
˶ϣģѩӦһãոֿͣʼĨˡ
ԼҪöʲôʽӣʲôɫϻһֻΡֻͷʯ̵ģʯʣµĲֲԵԻϾľ
׵ʢľϣޱȡ
һʯ˻йȻͬ˵һÿһû˷ѡ
̾һүүЩû˯
ηŻϻȻŶѩü˵ȥҵ߶óҪɩӣҲæ

Լ¶˳˳
һȥͼ˶ѩһɽ£˳ؼµĹӡ
ڵԺϵĻĻӦ
ʯǰ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵Եȣ㻻·
æͷɫǱԼҪߴ׳˶̴ȥ
ȵ뿪һɽһ˸оɸɭϣͬҲˡ
һصУԵĴ̱˵ϣͬĻԼõӣͻǴ𣿡
ڵʱ仹磬ȥٻҲü
ʱǹȥ¾ΪҪҵĻˡ
ȻѰ̫ϣѰˣҲ˵ҪҪ
˵οɣߣ֪ô
ˣҲǣиʱǻܽӴԺнгĻͬμ档
ţʱͼڻ·Լͷ߰ɡ
æӦһáڴԺ߳ȥǸߴ̴ں󷽣š
ɽ½·ɳ۳ųеķȥ
ǰŵڵģɽ»һ·ʱͬγ
ɣȻĵģ
νմһϮɫȹױӽ޹
ޱڴϾ͸оԼһϻһ
ŵʱZˣԼӦͬ˵ʲôӦοʼڶɣ˵ؽţϼȻӦ£Ȼš
Ļ̧ۿ
ɣԼƬ̣˵һֱŲߣĲȥ
һԶءɣҰߣȻһȫĵطġʲôʱڱҪɣȻỻ
Ȼˣα㲻ʡ



9.1ʼ
һɽ, һһߵصһ˼̨, ֿȥĴТ˼, չԾԳΪɡ
ɽ, ʵʵسһ˶Ŀ֮¡
ɣС·һ·˵ڵԺſڡ
ԺŽգû, ɣŲһ١
Ƽˣôˣ
¡ɣ, 
ԺһȦûм, ɣ飺أ
ɣ齫쵽һ䷿, ʾ£Ȼ˵ȥʡ
Ƭ, ȥƬ̵ɣˣﻹһֻ¯
ֻɣ飬ⶫŮ͵ҼϷ·£, ճžǡ
һ˵ţһߴ¯, ŵ, ¸ϸӡ
ϸһ´ͷƮζ, оͬƽڵ㲻һʵʲô㣿
ⶫŮЦһڶңǿ˭ҵже
Ļʶʲô㣬̲סϷɺ졣
ɣ鿴¯ˣҵȥﲻ˴ǡ
˵뿪ʣⷿС
ȻЩ˵ãȴĵ㣬ŲδʲôӦ
βţȥİ衣
ȼҪһʱŻãʱ棬ͻҪѰģ
Zһ̤ⷿ䣬ټ֮˺ܿͻ¡
㣬ҲֻжҲˡ
ɣ滻˲ĵߣĲľɽºɽԺ
ƽʱ򣬶ߵ̹ȥͷһ뿪ˣɣȥһˣ˳һµߡ
סĵطˣʵȴ
ɣĳZܽԲŴ뿪
뿪֮󲻾ãԺǰͨϡ
һ˳
ձZһͬԼã
ȥӪZʱȴﻧЩ£ZҪȥ
ZͬʱȥԾȹ
ڻӪҲ£Ծǰɽ¡
Щڰܵӹˣ֪ϽȷʵҪӸĻӵģǾû
Ժ⣬Ҫ̧ţһȥžʹˡ
һü֣Ƭ̲ſżȥ
Ժﰲޱȣȥһ˶ûУıǶȴŵһ㡣
ȥԺеĻ䣬ʱϵҲڡ
Ժȥе
û˻Ӧ
۾׽ķ򣬳ǱȥԴһ䡣
Խ߽Խ׽Զƽò
ſڣֽһ
ֻһﱻ򷭵ԽĳԺϱѪҺ˲䱻ȼ
þԣλ᲻֪ʲôֶΣ
еɫһӱζʲô˼
һԺɫڷʥأԼ鸾ǸZŵ
ԭȥȴһемݶ
Ƭ̣վƿţ˽ȥ
һȻ˼ȡ
㸡Խǣġ
תѹȥȥ
ͼԵĵһˣԱߵĵӱˡ
һǵӱ򷭷ġ
򷭵ӵŮڵϵ͵͵شϢһˮɫȹľϵĺΣбˮʪϾĳ次
ΰⷿ俴ˣȵʱ򣬾͸еһ
ʱʶȴһƷ˵ӡ
ַӦ˵ǲİģǶ˵ȴȫȻʵġ
ڣޱȰԵһ¾ͽˡ
ֻZ
ȵ˽ǰץס˶Է۽ǡ
ͷñˮʪ촽ŴϢҡҡ
һץԼ۽ǣһ־űԼɵ½һ̬
谵ĹѾȫǰ˾˭
ZZ
֣Ȼסȣһ޹ǵʸ
ǰˣľȻΡ
ŮԼμ棬ͶԼ۵жԣʱǲмһˣǴ˿ȴ¶Ȼ̬ͬ
Ůӣַһѣһҡ
︡ͬŮϵһıС
ͷǰѻһӾ
ξһеԼڿձ
еʸԼ米ϵֱս漴ٴһ̲ˮ
߿˵ӣ˴齱ߣ˷ȥ
ԾʪջĿ촽΢
ɤƵض˵ԼҵġȻѹȥ

¯Ĳȼ
Ůãȥÿ졣
ǺãЧ죬ȥ
ڴϣ۾иֳĵһͷԼʵԸ
ϴʾ˸ոսж༤ҡ
һ죬ҿҩ⣬ЩԼҪĲá
֪ҪZ
Z֣һƬ⡣
δй̤ʵĸоԼϲ˾Աš
۽ǺߴЦ˯Եȥ
Ӣӳеʱȴ׹ѡ

ΪʲôĻ
ЩůһӾͱ޵ı䡣
û˫һȻţФĸڹü۳ֳϤӡ
ϱǳɻԺÿÿԼˣ⸱ģ
Ԫ۵ӾŮӵˣǺǾȴĺ
ԼαجΣʱͷ𡪡
Zأأ
ΪʲôŽ
Ȼڳ˯ոշһУֻ޲ھô
ԺǻûڣûлZҲû
侲֧Ӵˤڵء
ҧȥЩɢڵϵ·´á
ǿԼͽԼƿһ£û˱˳ȥ
к޼Ϊ˫ȻֲһȻȵ֮󣬻Ҫƽȵ̬
κ˷ָոշʲô
ɣȥɽ͹˷һµ滻ԺԺС
żѾϨˣмʱ䣬Ӧùˡ
žͽǷ䣬ʰ¯
һ̤ȴǴֻһˡ
ԭӦȴӰɢڵϵ·Ҳûġ
ɣŴ齿첽ȥ崲ŵԺҲɻô£˵ӦĻôӣ
ǿһһµĺۼ֪ο϶Ѿʲôˡ
Ƕ˵ûʲô𣬿Ƕ˵ǾͲһˡ
˲ɣ齫¯ĻȫߣȻص˸ǸԺӡ
ټΣóǰѾԼʰãϸ΢֮ǿǱ
Ǻ޼ֻ˵ߣ


˲ˣ׼
ϱޣⱲȥɹ

9.1ʼ

ӱǷǳ򵥵, ԼҲò˶೤ʱ䡣
ݺ軭üĲó֮, 鵽԰ȥ
һһ͵صղҴʱ, ԰ľջ, ɷǺÿǳȥ
ǰرãǵ԰ȥ, ˳ɹɹ̫á
ô, Ӧãȥ԰Ӹ, Ҳûʲôͬ
ɶѩŽֻ, Ȼһ˻԰ͤӡ
԰ﻨŽأĻľջʢ, ɫڶֱ࣬ȥĴҲ伸֡
յɹҲůڵģñ۾
ֻСèһʵչյĿ, ݺͻüһۣ϶¶Цݡ
˵ÿɹ̫ģڶ̹
Ժ, ſʼͷڿѡɫ, ĥʽ
Ȼһʱûд, һҲû¡
ѩԿߣϸָǰһؽЩߴһƯĽᣬɵǰҲϲЩ
Ƹ̡
ݺüԿţ±ˣȿʲôʽ˹
˵ǿˣͺãԿš
ϰڲԼ֣šһջֻ֣ԿţﲻԾͳָһ¡
öϣ׼һģһӣֻ˿ɫͬ
ݺͻüɣܿͽӴ״
ɿָŴõӣ⿴˿Ȼϲصɫôģÿ
ѩ΢Ц
ӵ飬Ȿóȸѧ˻Ժ͸ˡ
ÿ
Ů͵˿ʦԺԼҲҪӡ
ѩţŻ԰ԶԶֵӰԱ˵˭ˣ
˭ˣ⳯ŶѩָķȥͼϣڱСųɹ̫
ϻԹԵſѩлиѩıµè๾
ԶԶƼͤﳯԼǳЦЦ
ü˵ӽյɫźЩ
ֹ⿴ԼɫЩԵɫˡ
лбŹȴûֻͤͣͷãʵʲô
⳯ݺ֣ŵ˹˷϶ȥء
лһӣ𵱳ԼߵʱԼõҲôһڡ
һת۾Ѿȥôʱ䣬ôˡ
忴Ƭ̧̣ͷã׼͸ĺ񣿡
֪硣˵ӣʦ̵ģʲô
лаݻظܡ
ֽˣ˵СȻشڸϵѩ
·ϢѩҲ۾űؽһ
ñԼϴֻ¹̡
ԭԼţιһЩȪǳЩԵģǳж£ȥ˱ׯ⼸ֻСľֻڸš
СѾչֻС¹ã԰Ȧһǣ
Ǻƻйԣֻǹ
֮Ǳصþˣġ
ĥԼҲСʯͷȦʯ档
Ȼ󣬾ͰǷųա
лͬ˵һǲһֱۣСȥתˡ
ǰߣҪΣ⻹Ϊִ⹤ߡ
ڿǲִм¾ε˼
ԶȥӰջĿ⡣
Ϊڻ԰Ѿϡˣû뵽һĹͿлԨͬҲϱ˳
ߣ쵽Ǳȥ
леУлԨĶȥҪαװͺΪˡ
αƳֱγŷһϡ档
һڱ˵ݺ衣
˵Ŷӵľӻá
˵ţлԨƼҲʱԼС˰ƹá
ű⣬߶кóԵġ
лԨҪͤָҵԵĽ
û뵽ڸﱦӣѾǶţô³
лԨ˳شչûųԵģʱʧòС
գлԨֻǿ˿ô͸Ǵ»壬ˡ
ЦŶ뿪ŴòҲְɣ
ͷͼҲųɹ̫ˡ
⣺

Ů˵Ŀڰϣ̵ʶеĴǶصŷɹ̫ãһþͶƳɹ
԰һȦߵȥҲײˣȻȥ̫Ժӡ
ǻֺ̫֮ЩôʯҪʲô͸ĸ
ȥòʯĥЩӳ̫һִ
̫իִʱʱеģЧ
ö⣬ֽʣµʯȥһ顣
ȵ˸ȫݺͻüеҲˡ
⿴ʮ⣬˵ˣ̫Ҳɹˣûȥˡ
ǻиԵҪͤһ硣
ֻǻûͼӻ԰һִҴҵˡ
Ǹ򣬷ΣŮġ
βĴҴңƽҪһЩ̬Щ֡
߽԰ͤűʱнٶȾ
ԭ׼ƽʱһͬԼίߣû뵽ֻǳ˵ͷͼԼסȥ
Զ֮󣬻һ£ۼֿķסͶ˵Ӱһʧڻ԰תǡ
ĵ֣νôôݺСʲôأҲ
δڣѩԵ˵䡣
üʰó˿ߣϻӶԱ˵ʰˡ
ѩߣ˵ǻȥɡ
ӦһãɶѩŴͤ뿪
һصԺУξ̶ӭѾ˵ȥ׼ˮҪԡ
ȻüҴҵ߽ԼķС
ɽΪܹ뿪˷֣û·ˡ
һ·ߵʱ򣬶оõϵҧס˴ӱԼոͬʲô
ǡ
СѾЩɻվԭҪϴ裬Сôˣ
ɣ鿴ͷѾ˲ΣֻѰ˸ͷΪڸ˹ȥ˵û£Ƿɽ·ߵüЩˤһӣȹŪˣҲһЩСЩˣȥ׼ˮɡ
ĻСѾ߲ŻȻæȥˡ
ɣ鿴ʧķһۣҲ˽ȥ
֮ͼϵ·תǿʼһء
һһ𣬿·ǽǵˮǰʪزϵĺۼ
ɣ߽ڵľѳۣӻĻʲôͬһǼ޽ң
λתŭҪҵZʲô
⣬ɣҲ֪мʲô
ԭΪȥȥסˣĻӶζ
ţˮ軩һ죬ȥֻΰëֱˮ
ٴת޵ⱲӾǼ޹Ҳ޸
ɣ鶥Ųĵһü޾Ͳޣʲô
ΪǶŮһϲ˭͸ȥû뵽Ҳˡ
ҪȰ⻹Ҫͷ˿ŵ
̱졣
ɣ·˾ϡ
ճĶ˿
ǼСѾߣ̧ԡͰ
Сһֱˮ˵Ҫϴ裬ҲܿͰԡͰ̧˽
ȵźԺƮŻˮ˵ź򣬶ȥɡ
СѾͷӦһǣ˳ȥɣȵ·ԡͰԺҲµ·ˣһ
ΰԼݽˮеʹ
ʵĻһˮ棬ˮŻ걻Ͱ⡣
Լµĺۼ뵽վлڼɻˣȴƫƫʱʧǰ㡣
ûиZһ𣬷ʧ
ǻŭȴ޴ӷйֻһشϴһŻͷҪ¶Щۼ
ʧˣҲûʲôǷڸǡ
ֻҪѹûзѰȥZˡ

ҿҵȻ󡪡
Ȼ̵ôòܾĹ


9.1ʼ
뿪󲻾, ڱӻͬˡ
, ͻȻȥΪҪѰĻ䡣
, ӻ볡, ɽ¡
صԺһʼͬZԼõʱ䡣
ȻһԺУͲеһ㡪
ȼ顱ȻѾȼˣѵZѾˣһˣ
ԵĶҺȥ, ȵȡµĻ㱨ɣͬ, ǸĹ̸ڡ
Ƿе, һȵѾҴҵ뿪ɽ, 
΢΢üZû, ֻһ˹ˣͬԭļƻЩ롣
ܿɿüǾ͵˵ɡ
ZΪйӣпܼ̳дͳѡԺ֮·һԡ
ڵȼϵ, Ȼ£Լʯ󣬵

۾ʱ, ڱǶ˵Ѿʧˡ
һȱռݵĴҲָ, ֻһ, Աߵλȴǿš
ӴӴؿڻ䵽䣬¶˼ʵźָץµѪۣѲӰ
ŷŵľôŮˣξرһ
ͷԼؿµѪϻǴҹ㣬ǰһֱɿţڴȴô顣
ǵһΣȴԼġ
ϸ΢֮ķӦϲġ
¯ȼյ·Ӱ󣬿ȴʼڿлһ˿ڴ֮ʱкǸ֡
Z
߸ֳһζЦݣȤˡ
˵ôô죬ԭǰZ
˵ⱾΪZ壬Ҫһ
ĵ飬ⷨӻпЧ
ӱʮ⡣
ϻʲô飬Ц
ţ֣ƿ
ѾĶҲѾ˳ˣӵϼԼ·ʩʩȻشã˳
һߵԺͿʯǰ
ԼһΪӣӣ
˼ţǸڴʲôЭ飬ⶫ˲Ϊá
һС㣬һˡ
ȻҡǰΪŵƽҪɢ֡
ڶλ£һ˫һΪĻ˭ĵ𣿡
ڻҪڽֻͣһֻ̧֣˵ҲҪΪʲôĵܽչұ㵥һ˵Ҫ¡ҲãľҲãûгԿҲƽϡ
¿˿Ļϵ黯΢ЦҲУų֮Ȼ֮λԼɡ˵⣬ҽλΪ˾ʱӵ֢ǲ֪¿ҡ
һüйʶ㣬ǰְſŴʦҵ˷컨İ취˵ĻȻŵģ֪֢ǴӺζ
ڵ֢ǲ֢ʵȴӦж
۾ǺֶʲôµĶ
΢΢һЦʲôµĶҲ֪Ҳˣж֢״ǶҵҩѪһ¡
Ѫ롰ֶҩ
Ѫ˼壬ж֮ڶѪֹȴҪ
ȴһ־綾ֻҪմһ㣬ᾫ˥߶ҿֻͨı֢֮ǿŴʦʥҲ鲻
֪ŴʦΪҽε¡
ô˵еǡѪΨеǡˡ
¶ǳȥġ
תͷȻڣнҩ
ҡҡͷҩһƷһƷѾֱнҩҲֻѰˡ
Ļӿ𵭵ʧ
ѰҩͬһֱûϵϵǷԼôһݴ飬Ȼرʱ
û뵽Ȼûнҩ
ʵж߾Ҫ˥ȥ޿תˣ
ǵδءڴҵǿԸָһ·
Ŷ
˵֣Ժ
һԾˡ
˲׹֪ⶾ֮ȥδѰ
ܵļԺҵһƷͬȵĴڡ
ڶûз⾳֮ǰԺһƷ֮䰲ӣ͸
һƷľ綾Ѿķֱʧ˽ҩ˵޽֮ڼԺУȴδûдӦⶾҩķӡ
Ծڴˣ֪ԼĻ֮⣬ȥȻȥŷ
ܿջ˼ٿڵʱʵľڵĿˣ˵ôһңΪΣ
ҡͷĳ󡣡
ζص˵󡣡
ɡЦһûҰģһ۾ܿó
һµˣZйǸλøԵλҰĻ
ȵպʱľ䡣
Ǵ˿̣Ǹõĺߡ
-
̨̫ɽԺֿʼȫһš
Ϊڸ嶼ãԶڸԵССʳ
վлڼ׵ӣǽС
ԼԺϢһҲˣѾù¶࣬Щµĺۼһͻȥ
ûһУžǺ˼֣ȻŲݵϣ泩˼֡
ͬβʱģȽԺһ£ͷڴԶһλá
ףǸ˵һλ
ôһ˵ԭûע⵽Ҳ￴ȥ
̫ԺЦҪˣԺţҪһˡ
̫ԼĳϱţҲЦݡ
Ȼֿ磬ʵ磬Ҫɹˣ߲ˣ
лڼȻǸ˵ġ
ͬ綨ףТŰȢؼңǵóԸ
û˵ȴŵЦ⣬˵һɩ׼һϲ
Ŷлڼڿˣʵʲôϲ
˵ǾϲȻͲ˵ˡлӦ
ԶԶԡлԨĵص׼ľϲɩӾϲ
лڼһ˵ǾϲɳԼˡ
ٿãε˵ͷ
ǵĻǸλиǵ㻶ٴ١
ֻҪһ뵽޽ţϱӣϱӾŮˣԼȥҪļ޸
뵽֣ξ뵽˽ɽ·£ϵɫһٱ䡣
ΣлڼĿϣʵôˣ𣿡
˶Լæû¡
Լλϣһۡ
ӽͺܷڻԾ
ȳԹԼԺӣΡ
ѩǰСǰȥǱߵˡ
ţͷѩ˵
ѩȥС˽ͬһȻ˵СڽţСȥˡ
ʣȥ
صСȥˣȥɽ¡
ԺεТ٣µȥɽ£ΪӦûǹ
ֵô϶ɽϷʲô
ȵС˰ע⵽¶˵ˣѩȥ
ٿ⣬ڵ³˼ѩֻϣʱҪô
ѩվӳɻӣҪȲҪˣȥЪŰɡ
ûعӦһá
ûǴĺӣʲô¶˵

˯ˣ첹

9.1ʼ
³, ˼Ȣ
, ӭ׶鸮Ⱥ
ʢװֳ˳˻Ρ
űһ, һ, ӭ׶ʹƺƵųȥ
鸮Զӭ׶˰ǣէһֱߵա
˶ü鸮ķ, ȲൽʱһȦӭ׶⡣
ŵƽ, ǵ϶ˡ֡֡
ɫձӴӳһ̵ֱǰſڰڷŵĻ, ɼ֦ȼ, ࣵ졣
лڼϲŲȽѥ, üĿʡ
վǰǶſһ뵽ŵ, ĳȡ
ʱ
ϲվֱ壬ʮ
˵ĿУлڼ̨, ǰ, ̧ڽһߡ
ͷ, Ҳߵλãһš
Ⱥ﷢ſҲž
лڼ߹Цݣб˺ɫĳӣһͷ˴ӽС
»˸ִһͷһ̵ֱǰĺձ
һߣһȻԳ
ȣţһЦ黰ľϲ
һŴ洫֡
ܳɻѭǹƣԭɵֵҪͷӭ׵ġ
Ƕţֻš
ллãסлԨ֣ȴŶܳȥҪˡ
ûʲôˣлԨãϳҿˡҺȥְ
лпһۡ
ôˣһǶ
Ҫô
ո꣬ͼô˸ֽ˹ȥ
硣
촩Ӵ󣬲ôֽҲû˷֡
лԨһʵʲôһһֽӹ
ȵֽ򿪣ŵƮζʱ͸еͣˣ־ˡ
װƵĸ㣬һζųˣ
леעӣҲǱ߿˹Լ磺磬Ҫ𣿡
˵ҪҪһһļơ
лҡҡͷ
ˣɳܣãǵþͳһס
Ǳöѩ׼ġ
Լ³Ƕѩã˾Сɱ˵ţѩˡ
ϾͤԹӣʵñӡ̡̫
ȻлԨһжԾ̰
лпĹҵġһӣڵôԣѹֶ͡
߸˵سŶлԨ
һͣ˶Լĵܵܣֵͷ˿Լŵֽ
û¡ŵæûжԡ
лԨȤʳҪӰԺɲԶô죿
ʱӭţҲܼˡ
ŽʢװԼϱӴϼʱ顣
ţɬ
ɩڱǣ߽ͬԼʱӦһġ
˱ԺУϲ˵׼񡱣ǰصı;ͿǣԼ»Ϲѭϲָ
һء
˳ŵȼ㰸Ĺȥ
ݸá
ת׵ĸĸ¹򣬰ȥ
һϵЦǲ˵Ǳ⻭˲ݵ˿ҲƲס͸ϲõĺ
ϲﳪ޶԰ݡ
лڼ̧ǰӣϧͷڵ
ִеĺ񣬻԰ֱʱֻһɡȻԺԺͬʱ˱ڡ
á
ϲүϲϲ
ݹأﱻͽ˷Уͷӭӱ͡
صһؽԭܵܣӦǳɵлڼȴʲôҪԼ
Ҳ޷ЩʲôһŶҪԼĸӦ
ʱϯһʱ䣬ĺѾѳСɽ
ĻZʱ˶תͷ˴ŵķ
ZմһɫۣԽٱ
ź壬һǴۺ󣬶ǴԼ
лڼűӭZ˵ϲȻ˺񣺡ףúϡ
л¡лڼЦ£½ˣһҪȱϲơ
Ҫǲ˵ZĻ¶ߡ
ҲѵϾ˳һлԨôˣZ˵һá
лڼ԰˽ȥ쵽ԼĶǰ
лԨոհøԼĸ꣬ΪغȲ裬һѹ͸ˣˣZ
лڼʾ˰ӹZȻԼ˿ɡ
лԨԹôһЩ
һЩĻĸûг꣬ںˣʲôûˡ
ZȻģֱ߻ֽ滹еĵĲһôܳԣ˵廹á
ԷЩС˰£ڵȻˣǾٳЩ
лԨ˵Լûֻ˵ԽԽҪԣȻԺûóԡ
Z
лԨƹˤ˵ǡ
ã¿Ŵʦסǵȥɽ¼ڣ֪Ϥеʲô
ҹZ֮תͷȥŷ
ԺԺ֮Ӧܿҵⶾ˼ˣZûж˵ʲô
ţͼлԨڶZ΢΢üʲô
лԨûˣԹô
Ѹո仰˵һ飬ȴ˵ǵڶ˼ˡ
ZҪܼˣ
лΣɱȴǲõġ
ոӱͽ·ȥʱ򣬱ȥˡ
ZһˣûԼãǾͰˣ
ϲã֪ҪżлԨҪΪĻˡ
ⲻӲԶȴлԨԵZ
ĽŲһ٣Ӻץе־
ZвʣҪͬƻõһǽ˵ZҪˡ
ɣ󣬼ͣסŲǸҲſ˹ȥȻĻӵӰ
С㡣һγѣڱ˿֮ǰӺ˳ǰߡ
ʵαؼһʱջеǻᡣɣ˵ǽĻˣ֪ӻ᲻
һӡ֣ȫĴ̾
ֻһȴʲôǵá
ҲˣԼȻһ
ӿ˽Ųһ߿첽߿һҧעţǼ̰ҽߡ
·
ⲻͷǸӸ˹
·ŵָѾԭӦŲģڳǰ˵ˣ̩ˣ˭Ҳܵš
ԱԭΪԼҪһ࣬û뵽˳ͱ˽
˽ֻż£Ÿͷڴϡ
˵ˡȻ̧˸ͷ
ԭͺ˳ͬɩ˵仰û뵽ȴֱ˸ͷ
˾۾˵ɩӣôѸͷˣ
ٸǻȥ˵粻֪ġ
˵ڴ֣߳Цеصɩӿ㡣
Ⱨϻӣǰڴ¡
һ£;ô˵úܡ
ϱȻ£ϹΣû֪ⴲôôѵûš
ʱվǰѾߣⴲϷŵʲôˡ
ؿѾһЦ˵ⴲϷŵӹԲ档
һӣǽĺͷ
ʣ⽲
ԿСɫĲ⾫ǻõģԷġ
ڴŲŲѰ˸ûô˵λţȻϻӵݸԭϻӣɩ˵仰ߵġ
û뵽ֱӰѸͷˡ
ʲôֽӹϻӣʵ׼ĺ񣿡
ͷǰɩӿ򿪿ϲϲ
Ҳȴ
ţԺһˡ
ϲģұչֳĲ飬Ҳϲ
ϻӣŵö壬ӣֻֽһö
һ֣͸еһ˵Ϊɩ׼ĺףǰͷϣͬġ
壬ǻжֻ̧ͷʱ⣺׼˼㣿
˵ɩԼ֪ˣ
һԣٿڶ㣬ŵֻͬʵһ֬
һ¶Գ˲
޹Ѿипһ̩Ĵ󷽣ǰǹｫӴϡ
ڴʵôɩϲ𣿡
ӣԺŵ˵õӡ
˵ϲ̾һʱ⣺ðôõӸˣԼʲô
˻ϵĸѪӣĸҵġ
˵ţָָֻӣɩֻѡϣʦ˼ҵġ͸ɩɩĺӦǣڻûѧʦı£ֻ͵ˡ
ȡӣַһ㣬ŵķΡ
Ƴˣ⼸ͬһģֱĶҪ󷽡
ŷΣһӣлڼǰĺ£ȻԼδޡú֧һģһΡ
ٴˣΪʲô
ҡҡͷѷηŻϻͬöҲһŻȥֻϴӡ
ű֣Ů˵ҵЩҶϲýţҲš
˺񣬾û·ֻôɩϽͷ¸ϣȻ˴ǡ
ȻصͷֵĻ԰ŸȥͱƽǸˡ
⣡幫Ҳ׼ƽһ͵ż⡣
ڼˣСҪ޳⣬ôˣ
æûµġ
ڱԸݺͻüҲ˵ģǿ쾫öˡ
ûУ˵õġ
԰ĸμӻŮǶһϷˣϯʼ
վ˵Χ̫ˣƽֻ˵ǿѰ徻طһ
һָԱߵһС¥˵徲ȥ
˾һ¥
ķ羰ãһȥһɵϲ쾰£һܼ԰еľջʢͬƽ
ƽˣʱ⣺㷽ȥˣǵҶҲ㡣
幫ҲԼֻ˵ҷȥˡ
𣿡幫׷ʵСպÿ𣿡
ÿ˵ȻǺÿġ
˵ţ˼ǰ⼸δ˭ܾԼӡǼ˵ģ޵ͦã˵ÿһ춼ʱҲżӡ
ƽһ죬ӣҿȼӡ
Ҳ΢˵ǡ
幫ߣû˵
걦⣬ƽʵأôû
Ҫ˭ȡǵȻˣٶȣ֮˭ҲȲϡ
֪⿴幫Լŵһ˳ڱ𴦰ɡ
˳Եģ幫۾һ˵ĵлϲӣ;ǸԼĶˣ²Ǻйͬԡ
˽ƽĻ磬˵ʵҿ㡮ҲǺ¡
ǰʲô˲֪Ҫгɩˡ
ƽĻ̲סЦҲ֪ҴСֶμз
ӴԺͺլֲҰˡ
ţԱߵһֻС
幫ּû񣬵Լǰ쿴Ļ
⿴С⣬˵Ҹտ˸˼
ʣʲô
幫˷ܣǸ˼ŮĹ¡
ǸǸǲ޸ָˣôӣ߸ߵ¥Ͻȥ˭ӵ˭ķ
򣬽˶κԵɾһù¡
幫ֻݺһ߸˵ظԼϲ£˭ûд
ȵ꣬ƽִǶ˹һһµףЩ档
˵ţ۾һתǶȥ˭ҵˣҵġһ졣
幫գ۾㣬ġʲôô
ҵķȻкôƽһЦҪʲô͵ʲô㲻㿴㲻ܿأҪʲôҡ
Цҷˡ練˭ʵһԸء
ԡͬص˵û
ƽһ룬ȷʵôһ
ҪιʳһŵһȺ˼
˵ãǾôˡȻԸԼѾߣȥڵˣŮǶۼ
ƽôһŵעҪˡ
Ůһ׷׾˹š
幫ԾԾԣͰ֣һֲ˼ܡ
״վ˵㹫ȥ
˶ȥˣ⻹ţʹ¥û
ȵµ˶ˣƽվС
С˽ǹмǿĵģȥҲˡ
⿴վǰ˵˰
Ȼһ죬ֱһ񣬾ͽȥ
Ů۵԰ӣʱ

9.1ʼ
Ŵӻ԰Ķ, ˶ǸҲ
ԭͬ˵飬ǱߵĻЦͷ·ʻֻ˵СѾͷʲôأ
Щͬĵķ˵ܹЩϷ˵Ц
ǵŮĶͬŮʱҲ롣
ͷĿ֮ĵطұ, ûҼ, ֿ˿ΣҲûţſܶڻ԰Ǳˡ
ǲ, Ǳ岻, ̫ܲˡ
Ҫȥһҿ, Ǹ·Ĺ¾˹
лڼ, ǽĵڶλ͡
ɫ۵Ź۵ŷǰ, ء
лڼع, ͬǹֻ񣺡£ŷˡ
ŷͬ϶˺, Լϵĺݸлڼ, ˵ϲӣףͷϡ
лڼӹݺ񣬵һл, ŵɻ
ZͬĶߵýʱ, ȻͬǳԪ۵Ķ, ȴûô, ջ˾⡣
лڼţٿһŷŷǺȴûҪ˼ֻ˵Ҿô֣֪ӵĴϲ֮գԭһϲƺȣ·ôɵ£ˣӲ᲻ӭɣ
лڼæô᣿
ʵϣŷҪ˾֡
ŷμϲ磬ǮйֻĿڴĵûҪμЩϯǮ͵ġ
˼˶ɣλɷҪʲô
Ϊŷʲôóȫ²͸⡣
ԼŶ˹ŷͬҲһһ
ŷ˽дܣүͷڼºŷ˹ȥɡ
лڼӦһǣͶԶ˵һ롱Ȼǰ·
ŷҲ̧ͬ˵һ롱ڵλá
ȥıӰԼĳӹȻ죬Ӧͬʱ
ͬŷ˼ɵӲˣȻҪȥˡ
һУֻصͬķԣͼǵĿⶼŷϡ
ˣλǾֿȵĳѡء
ȵԶˣǲջĿ⣬ż̽ض˵ԭͬºŷҲð
Ļҡͷ¸ŷ棬һϲưˡ
лڼǶڵķȥһһ˽̸
ܣǰĻڸһ
лڼĻӹ֪֪Եŷ˵˼Ĵϲ£úأ֪ҹʱڵӿ˵ʮĽˡ
лڼջ˼ʱŷԼƺ˼ģɵһͻ²յ⡣
ĬƬ̣Ŷŷ˵˱һҪ곤꣬ѾǸóɼҵ͡ȥ곯¶࣬ûй˵ϣ庣̣̩񰲣ǲҲԼ£
ŷɹһۣЦˣǿĽԼһؼëƤһһңڵúã£ÿǿˡ
̯֣ҲֲԼ˵Ÿʰŵġ
˵ţǰŷһ
λϣղžͿǹˣڵȵ֮˵岻ʣͲˡ
ԵлҲһŵӣֻͬ˼һ
Գӵ˵ͷʾȥлڼ뿪
ŷ˵ӴϲҲһݱǰףء˵ŵݳеϻӣĿȷص
Ӽ״룬ֻͨΪͺֻҪлڼǣαҪ͵ǰ
ŴϻӣŵĲʲôһŷӣٰϻӺϣż̽ؿŷ
ŷ˵үҲþˣү߰ɡ
˵á
漴λȻŷţŴȥ
˼һĻԤʾʲôŷ̫ξʲôҪ̣
öлڼֱӱŷǲǸţҪȢã
ŷͬ뿪֮ли
лдӸ׸ŷȥķջĿ⣬˵¹Ӧµȥߵģڶв㣬⡣
˵ȻЪűǣԼһߡ
ѾĵZлԨһСǽϣϲ뽹ǵС磬ǰûʲôȤ롣
ڼ˵ܵܳԼͶĿ⣬Ҳֻǳ˵ͷȻ԰ķȥ
԰ַǷע⵽ˣ߽һһȺŮΧһߵС¥£¥ϣǽƽһС
һСµŮǾ˷ܵȥֱǻ׵һ
ֻ֪ʲôΪ룬ڵһֻСôġ
СԲģ˽ϹԺ󻬲ģץץס
Ůָһִ˳ȥ׹ŵ죬ʮֺ
ղǽʱǴﴫġ
ѽ
ץס˵ģˣ
յ˷
Ŀ·ȺϷĽƽһɨûԼˡ
ˣûֱ׷ȥΪոյڸϢҪȥŷҽϾ綾İ취оΪлڼ׵ӣο϶ڸС
ʱײֱ׷εķӦ϶Ȥ
Լû׷У²Ϊ¾ôȥټԼ֪ϵıжྫʡ
ţ뿪Ⱥ԰еȥ
ԽԶ룬԰ǱߵŮЦԽԶ
ˣĴһֻ־壬ZСʱܡ
߹µˮźɫĽ𣬴ǱιʳöˣһˮϵӳӰԶؾۼһСȺڸӰߡ
ȤƬ̲ջĿ⣬ӭ˵
ϤһӾ͸ֳЦ⡣
ˡ
γ
һ綼ܵԶԶģǿҪϯʼʱˣȱϯ˾֣Բһͬɣ˵һ˳ϯĳء
ʶǰ˵סȥ·ʱ̧ۣǰˡ
ȿԺ˽ԭء
Ӧͬһģһ
οȥϵɫ⡢𾪡޴߳ܣЩȥֻ꼻һ֣ܿͽЩʰִߡ
¡
Լϥһ񣬱Ҫƿǰȥ
·Եʱ̧֣׼ץס
αס󣬶ʱ˶Ҫը
һ߿ΧĶһѹǶ˵֣ץʲô𣿡
ŸѾߣ˵ҸСлҪ˵¡
̵Ҫ£
ɣȨƬ̣˷ϲѡ
һ浣ǵؿΣһ֮£˵һԡ
֣ʲô֣
μҪԼߵ˿üĽȥֻƴεǯϣͭһ㣬Ҳá
ţֱӴһԼɽ֮
īӳֿǽǲƽ˭Ҳ֪
ûзſǰɽһ
ÿеһֻҪȥƿһסɽʯϡ
ŭصǰˣϱѾ˵һⱲҲйϵˣ
ٴһȻû԰ԺֻǺϾ
ѵģ˱۾Լŭ
۾ʱ˵Ҿ㲻Ҫ˿ʲô
ʲôüʲôҶʲô
κһϣ۾ȥſɶҧҲ֪˵ʲô
ô飿һͬһʮ飬һ´ͷˣ
˵ţһζͷľ
֮Уľӡǡ
ٿŮĲȴǹ覣µĺۼˡ
ӡϣ
ٴüŴǰ˿
ѹʱθоϵϢѾˡ
ڵһ뿪ٵش۾Ӳŵ֮ҲǵˣҲɾ
ɾĻʵܹ̽ɾʧң֪ʲôݣƴҪҸֻ㣬ˮޡ
˵ţָ̧εμҵƫͷȥʱ򣬷˵ͳЦԽҾ;ԽȤ
κһͣתͷŭҲЩϲҲ㣡
֪ϾصҵĴϽеĻZ֡
αµһ仰Ҳ˵
ھȫˣûǰչʾZִ֪Լ
Եıֻġ
ǡΪʲô֪ϲZҪ
ε̫𾪣ĵظ͵ǲ룬ҴϽб˵֣Ϊʲô
ûס˵ûϲZѾ㡭õҲҵˣòҵģ
ⲻǸ𣿡赭дصҪĶҵŮ˶ˣ䲻һ
οһŮˣϲĵܵŮˣǺ߸̼гɾ͸С
԰һŷſڣȴûƧĵطȥ
ͥŲһڸţ߱߿԰е֡
ŷү֢֮󣬱±ʮģиλҲˡ
̾һôҵˡ
ΪǣеȪǽ˶£Ԫ۶ûиߡ
ŷࣺ̫ҽԺ޲ߣ»Ժȥⲡ֢ΪˣǰҽǬλ˻
֣Ųһ١
ڼԺУŷ¡Ǭҡ˴֣ӻöǱ׷٣һǬλ˾öٮٮߡ
ŷ衴ԺλϴҲϻ磬ⶼŷ˻
ŷţ֮үϵĲ֢ҲԴǾͲǲȵŴ˸˻ȷж
ипŷȻ񣬱¶˾жʲô˸µĶ
֪Ҫҳүеʲôźȷŷ涾ڶ࣬λ˻ʱҲûͷԭΪҪķһЩʱգͻȻá
ŷʵסɽµλˣү֪
ͷ֪
ⶫ˰ſŴʦҳ컨ķӣŴʦڄeׯҲ˵
ŷλȥ֪үеĶпǳԶһƷġ
ɫһݡ
û֮һƷ⼸֣ڰ˸еܡ
ŷһƷѾ
ŷ֮һƷѾֱôĻܻڡöֿԹƳľҩҲԹˡ
˵һƷ󣬡Ҳҩү֪Ҳġ
Ȼ֪Ǿͺðˡ
常ڸһƷභԷĶҪƽ⣬⡰죬ŷ꣬Ҳˡ
ƶ֮õԶŷֶڣµĶ޽⣬µĶȴƽ⡣
ֻ֮ҩж֮˵վģͬԺλöһһϣҵ˸ӻ͵Ľⶾ֮
ŷ˵赭дֻȥ۾Ȼ۾Ѫ˿۵Ҳڡ
˲Ҷͷˡ
Խⲻȥڵŷ˶ݶ飬š
˴ʱպߵС¥ԶǰۼһȺŮŷ⶯Ŀ⡣
վȺԵȻз߹ŷһ̧֣ͽסǳԼɹĶ
һ֣͸еЩԣһͼһֻ˽С򣬽ϻ
ԭСȺ˲䰲Ŀⶼ򣬿Žסŷ
ŷС򣬽ĿͶ¥ϣֻվǰͬƽ֮ʱ¶Եײߡ
ŽƽѾԸȥűҲһӡ
̩һŵҲǷǳģֻҪס˵һѣôССȦӣ
ŮǼ̽ʮڴ
ⱻƽţּ幫ͷ˵ػ˫֣ԼȥҲ˽ƽݹȥ
Ҫ棬ѩȡ˺üͬ
ɫģ滹
ˡ
һŴӿŮǶ׷֡
幫î˾Ҫȴû
վǰţŮָɹ֪˭һȻֱӷ˳ȥ
Ŀæ׷˹ȥȻǱŷӵˣʱԭء
ּŮվС¥ͬԼߵŷӣֻ۽һ顪
ʲô
ѵʲôԤ

ͼ嵫Ǹ治ˣ
ⲻɣ
-
ȻˣҾͿ˸ʱ
812641675

9.1ʼ
ˡ
ðô, ҴҵشǰתͷҪҪװˡ
öѩ׷ס˵Щ
ԼڻŶӦһЩ
ǿ, ˽Ų, ɶѩ¥
ƽվڶ¥ǰûзӦôŷôɽס˱ȥ
Թ, ׵ľ, ǹ֮, ŷ·ȴס, , ۸Ҳһ
Ů, Ż񣬽ԱߵСѯʣʲô
Сٻ, æͬ͵үĻ, λϷվڶ¥˭ӵ, ʵ˭һԸ
ˣ, ĵ, ŵССԸ
ŷݵλ, Ӧͻӻȥ̰һʲôԸġ
ŷվԭأűȺй
ŮһߣһΪе̫
ɫȷʵͬһá
ŷˡ
ǰȻתŷ򣬾ǶȤģŵǲ˼
˵ţԶѩʹһɫ
ѩ⣬ҪǰջرӳɫС
ŷǵĶȴһڵС˵˭ӵ򣬾ܵõһŵ
һŵһԸ˵һ£һġ
˵ͷԼҪôһŵҪʲô
ˮѾˣڳﻧǨ
ǨҲҪǮĪѾϢԼҪһ
˵ĶУȴôġ
ŮǣӶǷ绨ѩ£ŷ˻᲻Ҫôһŵ̩ס
ϾǱԼ˵ġ
Ӧ޸ҲǴӦһҪ
ϢԴֻϧŷһף˵ãұţ뵽Ҫʲô˵
һ˵ԽƶҪԼҪǮˣֻ˵á
ʲôˣ
ԭۼ֤ŮǶеʧ
ȵϯʱ򣬾ôһŷˣǾûеڶˣʱ͸ʧˡ
ŷҩܹҽϵĹֲϢܿϯϴˡ
˵ֱϲϼϲлԨԭѾ˶˿֪Ҫװûʲô˵ˡ
ڸǣŷ˼
ԺѾ£װ벻װѲҪ
ŷˣҾ㡣
Ϊɹ٣лڼھʱŷǰ
ŷľƣӱֻңҪҵκүķӣҲû
ǣ˵
лڼˣͬҲ֣صؾ
Ǣ
лڼԼĴϲ֮գջ񵽵ĲԼĻϲȫ˵Ļϲ
ſصͬͺȾƣ߲ܣ붴ʱҲѾȵվվȡ
˰·±˵ȥĸͷˣлڼһϣ£Ȼ󱻴ŵЩӡ̵÷ƺߣʲô˵úܡ
ǰһ˵һģһĻһûסЦ
ǻȥĺͷȻûƿԼһֱ̧ˣַŵһԡ
ȥšڴߣԼѾ߷ԸӲ
лڼڴϣ⿪ſӣֲŴϲһһ˿
ԼڴԼүֻɵö¶ЦݣȻҪ
ַ˵ҺøˡڳɻˣסԨСб⣬ҲоˣҺøˡ
ǣǡӦš
лڼȥ˵ľô仰ȵѾ˹ͰӴϷȻιˡ
һѾι꣬һɾǣһ˵Ҷˣ
лڼѿȥٻЩ¶һʵЦݣһְ˳Լ
ϵſôˤڵϣѾѾˣ̺Ҳûˤ顣
Щ̵ѾǿѾ˴ϣ˫ֻӵ϶Цŵ˳ȥ
ҹеĴȼŻϲ
ԺҲã̫ԺҲãֻڱԺҲãŻЦûԸô˯ȥֻԼķû
Ϊʲôŷһ֣ҵĽⶾ֮
òװӼɽһϯϢ
ѹԼ˵Щ˻뵽ҵⶾķҲһݹͣо͸ߡ
ΡĽһһɨϷŵɰ׶ȥ
ˤڵϣѵŵСѾ
ȻôŭҲǾԺȥ
-
Ժĸó涾öⶾҪͻУǽɿŴʦ
ǰǵ֣ʲ
Ŵʦɽһˣ̫еĿнš
Ժҩ㣬Ϊʩ룬һҩȥ˵ɫͺ
ƳΪϴϵϵˮù֮Ϣص
ŴʦϽǵαװ֮󣬾ʹӻȡһƿҩĻԺƳҩ̱ԪЧ
ֽӹŴʦóһƿ˵һƿЩǽⶾеƽĶ񡮷ܣⶾһͿԽ⡣
ƿҩµⶼǿŴʦȪƳҩֻƿ¶ϲɫ
̱ԪҩԸ̫ãƿⶾ˵ֶһرϡ
ȻȪҪڿŴʦȱĳҽ߳Уܷӳá
ţ뵽ԼŵĽ뵽ǸĿռȡ֮֮ߵȪ
׹ѡԼȷʵǱϱҪá
ǣԼ׹õ
ͷԺ̻գűµȡ
²װŲܸǳˣ
⣬ȥ˳ո»ĴҲȥˡ
˻Ӫ
ҪȥͬʮʦҪǵ֡
ȸֵĽСүĳݳ
챦Ҫţһ߶̷ӣߴٵ죬ȥ
ǡ
ųǰ
ٶȶ죬ȵҪʱСүȵȣҪͬ˵仰
˵꣬͸͸Ӻصš
ͣͬԼǴӶŴӡ
Ȼû˳ȻͣȻǴҪ˵ʲôġ
Сүһš
⼸ڸлججһʱ̫飬һʱַ·صԼںò׵˻ᣬٽسԼڵ
˺ܾãϲ㣬ͻСޣҿԵȡǼңǶôʲôʱԣǼңұֻ֤Ȣһۺʱ檡ڲУޣֻҪ˵ҪҴﵽĳɾͲſϼޣֻҪ˵Ҿͻȥ
һ˵꣬һš
ⱲӶû˵ôӵĻ˵·ķе
Ծûж
Сү̲סִս˳Ӷͷ˵ǰҾ룬òãҶҪȢ㡣
˵ţǰӣ̲סֽƿˣڴ¶һĿŶԸԸ⣬һɡ
һȻˣȴС
СүŶӶ˶𣬶ʱһϲֱͦǴ
ȴ𣬴¶леԻһ侢װˣɫŹֵؿԼ
СүлУֻԭء
ͷȻǱ⣡
Լղ˵Щ˼ҵĸ˸
ʱһһ
лڵСүⷬУʮָжûнģ˰ɡ
˵ӣͣ·мּ͵ǰ
СүԭأϡﴫǸ˵Цֻе޲ڸضȥ

9.1ʼ
Сүôһ, ȫ˲ȥԼ鱨ΪôŻлУǱ⡣
ҴҵطӣԼ򣺡ߣ
̸ųһͷȥøͣǰһ
, , ־𷽲żСүӺ¶ֻ˵Сүոͣ·м, Ǹ˵ʲôأ
, һɫԲۡ
˺ɫĿ, ٴϺѥ, һ, Ǹꡣ
֦ͼԲлԨľ, ˵Ǿ£ȴûд
Ϊ곤̫, һգ·Ͳ, ´ڱϣȻЩ󣬵Ϊÿ, ϸķڣһ, ŵĴ硣
Ҫȥͬүүһȥʶ, ŮҵĴ, ǲô㡣
ѩڻιӵıߣĻЦ˵һ䣺֪أ
˵ţȴСү棬Ϊ˵ԼҿֻϢ֪ͨտһǰһŵϳ˿
ڳøϳС˿Կʼˡ
ת˳Żͬķȥ

ʱԽ֪ĺã⾭װ͸֪װڡ
ﻹ׼㹻Ʊ׼ῴʲôϲģֱ
ͬѾڵˡ
깫ӵıӳүӿƬ̣˵һģġ
ǰүү
˵ˣ
ԡͷ
վɿŴʦһκãϢҲͬ
ⲻװ£Ƕŷ
ԭǾǺȫˣҲ뱩¶¶ٶ֣ǵЩʱҲûжװȥ¶š
ŷôһ룬ھǶ¶֮ս
ԷǳżԺģôǾͲҪˡ
ĿżԺţȻҲ
˵Ǿ߰ɡ
˵žҪſѾ˩õȥ
ǽȥᣬȥ
Ȼȥͷظϱǡ
ڻ󣬻ǽյгӦûء
һ߷үүԼҲڳԯһţȥȵүү֮󣬾ʵүүǲٵ𣿡
°ڣմ·ҲƽҪ࣬Ȼĺ֢ԺҪػȦӣҪҫ۵ˡ
ʵ˭˵ſ⣬Ȼع˵˵ǸµĸŷأǰѾ˰ǽ볡ˡ
ᣬҪȥ϶
һܴĸ˽ȥֻһ⣬һŷټһڡ
гÿһӦĶһ֡
֣ܲۡ
ѩģűȥֻΪѾ߲뾺ۣͲҪⶫ
ѩҲˣȵһãһޣݡ
ͬڳȥ
ⳡھоУеĵط֣
߹ȥҪһʱ䣬ͬ˵˵ȥԺҪעʲôǿҪҪʱ̸ߡ
ⲻɵʣͷΣ𣿡
ϸɿһΣյڡ
ξȥҫԼͽЩϼһﶼԼıͽܼ汦ŮģҪǲߣʲôҫ
нУͷʻϢҲ͸Ӵ˽
˵ҪֿУ˱ʱĹΣ˳ش˼ɵ⡣
ȵͣµʱ򣬱ʱɻѾһɨ⡣
үүȻǴʦ仰ඥ޲ֱ߾ֽźдһдӡ֤һѧ
ͷ˵ˡŻع
ѩƿӣȥ
մŶ·ҲȹӵʱֻЩ
ȥ֮վԱ֣ŷүү
֮ǶѩѩѱոλϵҲ
ϿˬĻȵо˵˾䡰ײࡱʹ¥ȥһȥ
үүߣͷ¥
Ǳ֣ȥīֽʵĴҲˣ¥ȴֻһΣһʼɽºɽҵүүүүԼ׹ʱģһ
ˣǸƽﵽ¥Ҳ١
⿴ǰ˵˵ЦЦ̨ףҪǳ¥ߣߵſڣȴŵĹˡ
˵Բס¥ﲻš
һֻһۣͬ˵£¥ĴŲǿôͲ˽ȥˣ
·֣мλү¥ĵطʢ£붼ҪƾġôһҲүүҪĻҲȥ
ͷĻҪȥҪʲô
Ǳʢ¡ĸָޱǳȥʶʶ
˵ʲôͼű⳯Ļϡ
ʱλ˸ƣ˵λүԵƬ̡ӭ˹ڱעϹһ񣬡ϣˡ
һĻֻүүŶҵУλͬԼĵڳвࡣ
йϡšһֱ֮Ŀ˱ϡ
ϳǰǸ˹ԼĹ£ǽһʱûϳ
ȥСʱ䣬鳤ˣ˾ƶȻһ£ȫ޷Ǹ¥һСѾϵһ
ˣʻϣǣ
˵ҵͽܣҽǴ۽磬ʦǶʲô
ĻĿȻ˼֡
ҲóǰʵǸŮ߻ŶѩѾߡ
һûͽû뵽ѡ˵ʱ򣬾Ȼѡ˸֪ĸѫҵǧ𣬼ȳ˵ϣ˾ȷʵ͸
ͷԺһչܿϨˡ
ЦݣŴŵķֵ̧ϸ롣
˵æȼ˵ŴóöǮңĴָǰһ
ֻһͿöǮڿлһߣ׼䵽˽̧ŵУƽƽ
ŽôҪӭʲô˵ĸҲĿöǮϡ
ֹöǹűңǵеǮ
Ҳ񱦱
ֻ֣һ㽫ﻹ˻ϣ˵еˣٿСӵıһŸš
һͷԱ˵߰ɡ
Ӧһүү
̲ͬҪȥʱæסǣλϣֵܶҲȥʶʶ֪ﻹ𣿡
ģ˵Ե
˶˵ĻͣסŲûʣһöûùĹűңһͳ˹ȥһöһ˴һ˽ȥ㹻ˡ˵겻ٿǣʹṳ̋¥С

9.1ʼ
ԭҲһ, ûָ˼һԼ
û뵽ϲˣûҪǮ
˺ϼһһ˽£һΪͬһȥ
ڽйһ飬ֻ
һ, ˵ߡ, ͸˱ϡ
ȽͷһȻ¥Ҫ£Ĳöһ
¥һ¥, ÿһԭɸֱ
¥, õ, տ, ҫ¥еı
շȥ, ¥ŵıﶼ
һ¥мŵĹҲȥ, һľʵĸ̨
Ҫе̨Ͻչʾ, ǰı;ڶ¥, ¿̨ĵľ۹⴦
һ߸пţһš
ǲ࣬ڵһǸʦͽһŮ, ûˡ
һʱԥ
ǸüŻϣǸĶȥ
ԭҲ, Ȼ¥ϴĽŲ
̧ͷȥ, ͼߵ¥϶, ɣƲ
ʶԼһע⵽үүıҲֱͦˣʱʶЩүүҪǿˡ
ͷһðԴ৵һϵӣǰ
촽Ǵ˵ˣǰ洩ɫ·½ŻģԼҵأóľ½һ֧ʵģǮңó鷨ұ¥ģ·Ƶģҵˣó̡
ҺǸϻûܵ͡סһ
˵үүǲīĶ𣿡
ǵҲϵöīı־
ϰʱȥֽı⣬磬Ҳϳ
һߣһ΢Цų˵ͷ
û˵īϼҵˣǼóֽ
֮һĶΪ׵ĸ׷Ƥͬϲ£ǵʦģĿҲжʮ߰ˣǵĵͽ
үүߣҲ͸ͣԭЩ¥ˡ
ǰһſͣ¡
յߵһ˿ڣ˵ͷһת۾ͲʮûˣǶΪء
ǰ˵Ļãһ̾Ϣˡ
ЦһͷҶûһ˵ţĿһЩתһȦһգ۶ʮ겻ˣҽҲȺϹͷмŵģһûͦáôǻҽǰһΣ
㡪һƵĻúӶˡ
ָ˻Ƭ̣йذһ˦
ûôӦңҲһ
ĶԼĵӡ
Щ˸ʦѧգԼʦεȵĻ𱬣Ҳǲ֪ռȻָʦı֮ʦģֱ澰
һû˵
Ҫô۹۱ǱǹģҪôǾشŻϣ
ϼ״ֻ۾˵ӣǻ֪ʦ˭°ܽɣˡЩ˵ʦԼѧ棬ϵ˫ȫһĳϡҪӵĶǸҪʦ
ϡīĶҰֵˣͿˣⶼʲôϻˣαڻó˵
ϰһۣ߼û˭ģҪǶµܣңͷȥ
ôһ£߾͸Ĺĵġ
ǵŻͷˣϺҩεʱ򣬶еʮֿϧ
ͷ˵ĸѧԨԴױڳĽ̵ѧϰա
Ϊҵļ̳ˡٮٮߣĸƫƫճôһ飬߱ϱսļҵļ̳ˡ
ʱһս˵Ǻ䶯һʱһּͬǶ
ֻһʤһְ֣Ѿʮ˲𣬿ȴļҶӮˣ⼸ûͬʱҲǶͶء
ǮļҵļգǧĴѡͽܣڼԼһ׷ǻӻʦٵϣзͼ첻ϵر仯ȴʼȻһһˣɼҵȢӣҲͽ
ۿôһһվҪһǶԼĵ͵ʦţͽܣһļմȥ
˵ⲻ飬Ϊ˶ǣֻèһͷȥʮ궼ûš
ξۼΪ֪ھ¶ˡ
û뵽ʮȥϵĺ֢ˣһ˸ͽܡ
ǲ֪ʱϣû£ڻǺˣͺ޲˵ˡ
һˣȻýǵһһ
үүվţ˳µľͱеˡ
յ۾Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ͷǧѡѡеͽܣҲûʲô
ʦһڣͽҲĬǰһ
һָ泤ˣһԼʵ֪ʦǸʦѧ˶ãרʲô
⻹δڣϾ͡ߡһ˵ʦܣʦ֣ҿɸ㣬ҵͽܽһʦ֣ǿɵ𡣡
Ƥһ𷽲Ż˵ĻģŮڵʦӦôƺλ
ʦֶӲصҵͽܣǸýʦ塣
Ƣ̽ƨ
ϺЭض˻ȥŷƨ
ͽʦã߶ѵĵ˵
۾һɣʦ壡
үСһôһýҰְ֣ŸýҰְ֡ս߲֮ڰ
ȻˣǸ϶ͷôһ󣬻Щ
߱ͽű˳ģָűͷֻôһͽܣǸСһѧ̵û𣿡
ôһ˵˵˵롣
ǰһӣôһͽܣǷգһնעһϡҲ룬ųһôһȫˣȫѧ
ŸСˮͷװȻȪˮ
żүүභüˣֻóˮүүȣ⻰ǿ˹ȥ
ϺˮһĨ죬оԼֻˣţѧꣿСѾͷѧ˶٣˵ǣ
Ǳط棬ʱͰԼıͽܵĵƸй¶ȥֻ˵Ұôộѧҵ¡
ôһ仰˦Ϣģˡ
ỹûʼ¼״æԲ
Ц˵λʦЪһЪ¥
⻰֪ǰ⼸λȻǶѾ¥ˣǼԼүүͬ磬˵ôһ⻹Ҫȥ
ǻȥﰭۡϲӬһػ˻֣ǵĿӡµĵӶĶȥˣЩʯأóҪ
ôһЩʱΪ汦һ׵̵ĹߣٸЩֵӡ
˵ЩæʱС
ˣһıļ磬˵СһѧòôõģǵЩдε㹻ˣȥ
¥ı˵ǲдƷҲЦеؾȥȡˡ
ϿЩߣ۾Ȼһףϻϣǽĸ̲ͣӡ
ǵĵ̣¥ϣÿζһһϻӵģ
ϸ׼ǮѾˣүүҪ档
Ⱥ¥ϻûԶְסүү˵
˵꣬˾ͼӻͳһƱȶ˵úܡ
Щվ¥ϻͷ߿ģɣҪˡ
յʲôͽܣûʦأôǮ

9.1ʼ
ϵıûס
һȻֱ, ȴʮЧ
ŶֻҵʦǸ᲻֣ѧͽ͸ͨ˲ࡣ
ôһƱóǳǼҵĵܺͣȾӮǡ
˻Ҳû
ǻͭԿ׶˭ǮǴ߿ڴŲұ߿ڴ¡
߸еԼҵӵƵ䣬վ¥üëһ˵ͷ⿴ҪСͽ̣ܵŵ, ҿò˶ãҵָָҲý֪ʲôǲ, ʡʡ
ֱӡޡһ˵ѧʲôб
ԣʺƱҪ, ͼүүߣӵһĸ, Ҳһһͽܡ˵һָ, ȻٷһȦļҵĵ, Ҳܰǵͽȫܣ
⣺
ЦֵĽҲڰ;
ԼսɾԼеˡ
һšΪʲôүүҪԼ, ʱԼս𡱣һ˳ȵ, 
Ӧ, Щ˵ٶǾԼˡ
Լ˵, ҲԼе嶯ˡ
˵ȥĻóȥˮҲܲԼ̨һ˦һȺɫļһ˵ҵͽŲŲ꣬԰ΪڣԼ˾¥ȶһô
زƢ𱬵ϣЩӶˡ
ʦŸԵʦֵս
ƣʵ̫
Щ׾ͰʦţʦѧϰϾ似ҲãҲһ·ҵͽǵ
ΪڣӲʤǡ
һ˴ƽ֣ˣ
Ǯҡҵλʦһۣͷ
īĶҾȰҲûа취ļҹͬˣֻܸһӦ
ϼ״ֻǽն棬Ҫڻͽһˡԭ۸ôСѾͷǿˣ˭лôͣ
һãȻˣҾʹһӦս¥Ŀһϸ£
Լ˱֮ڣԸˡ
Ʊ˻չӵǰȥСʻϣүүꡭва
ȻУϵûȺɵ˵ֻҪһƽ֣Ӯ𣿡
ʣʱȻǽһ㣬ǻϾԱԸԼĽ̷ҪӮһɵ飿
µϻϸ̵ĵȼĴţʦͽͬѩ˶¥
ſȫ̵ĸҲȥ
֪ˣԼ¥ܣʶʲôǸŻʦͽܿ۽硣
˶¥ŷԭôˡ
˷үүļңŵĸеˣкü¥һ̺ŵĶҸƹ񶼹ˡ
ЩλŶ¥ΧһȦһ鶼Ѿˡ
үүȥһŸλŹĸҲԼλ
һ¥ѧͽȰѶպãֻصͷ
¥ϻλÿţϵȫͳȥ˵ģǾͻˡ
ͷվƬ̣һֵľͷ֣
´˾񣬵ŴĿˡ
ǸϳĴ󺺽ͣ¥ǰӳԯӵ
ӺͷδӰ
󣬲һṫģ˳ſڡ
һͷڷ΢΢һ˫ͬˮյǶƽƽϣµĺһĿ
ˡ
µиֳô֣ԶҵԼǰ
ϳĴ󺺿Ҫһȥģ±㳯ߵѧͽһȥͣãԼӭԶҵ͡
ڵջϸ¥Ĺ½ӹǮҿƬ̣ȻֽԼ¥еıţ롣
΢΢ף͡
ȵⶫͶҲ¥¥ʣһλˡ
ţʣµһλ˭أȻŷ˳
ɫ䣬ϼŷ̫ξҲϡ棬ϵĲҵ̩붼ġ
ʣµļ㲻ģҲιɡ
Ψ¥ŷ
ѣԭƽŷ߽ˣվűͬǼû뵽ŷ˽ȴֱֱسԼ
µеһ룬һŷѾǰ
¡ŷзöǮңݵǰ¥
ǡæӹһۣŻһöǮұǸŷˣ
ÿ·ǽȥ
ŷ̫ξԽȥǲܵģôһȥ¥ǵüӺüС
ţѾǮһŷ˵˵ıĺš
ŷҲ֪ǽû׼ôλֻ˵ǼɢȥɡȻʹŷ̴ӽȥ
վſڿţ˵ŷ˵ӿȥŲ۵ҲǸ֣¥˷ѣҲܽŷȫġ
ڿһ˽ȥ֮Ҳת¥˹¥š
¥ȿԶҵһ˫ɫͬ˲ͬĹעҲǵȵŷʱȴһ𡪡
ԭΪĶǹҸ̣λ뵽Ȩ㳯Ұŷ̫ξҲ
ڱֱ̣Ӿվ
ǾйģŷǼϹ١
Ҫ񣬲ŷһ֣񣬾ĺŵλϡ
¥λõķֲһŸλм䣬šĺࡣ
ŵ˺һš
࣬Ŵֿ۾
ŷĿӹ˱ϣյװ磬ü
һԼü뵽ԼϽ⴩ǲɫģ뵽ԼȥɫСԼǷŷһ¡
ôңѵҪҽհﷸֹʼԼմƱ
˼ŷҲֻһһλ£ûٶҲͷ
ȵ¥һϣԭӭſ˵Ľ¾һ¥С
ԼλϣջĿ⣬¥⣬翴̨һ쳤ҲܼվڵµĽ¡
¥к£ڽϡ
ЦݿڵǼ̻¥ٰⳡʢ£иλ͹٣¥ԡ˵Ϳʼ󹩷
ڶ¥ԭΪ¥ĶǴݵĹⳡȻ¥ĶҲֻǰ˸ܣ¥¸صĴ󹩷
һ̨ͱΧһȦҪ곤ֱͦȥ˿̬
վ̨̧£˽յĵһƷ
󹩷ڵյĵһһǰϴƿ׼ǧƽ𡣡
˵ţһѽҿƿϵĺ첼Աһóƿչǰ

9.1ʼ
Ĵ, Ǵڱܡ롢ҵĻڣǴǮĴУʣһǱΪƷ
ڹ磬ܶණҲǴӹĹھ, ϾУξ
ı, һڸ֮󣬾Ͳó
óЩ⼸һ͵ĹѨȡı
ĹѨɽ, ֪Ǻˡ
ֻ֪ĹѨ˸ú, Ǹȡɽˡ
һǧƽ۶ƿ˵ߡ
⿴⻨ƿ֮³ֳͨ͸ɫ, Ȼͬһ, ϴ, ΧҲʼмۡ
Щһ, ھЩԺ󣬶Ὣõĳؽ, ۸ߵ, Ҳִ䲻ȡ
һǧǧһ
ƿļ۸ܿͱ̧ȥ
ֺŵϯλϣĸԭԼԽǼĲƷ֮, ǾȫϨͷֻ, Щ˲ǮǮؽᡣ
óĵһƿӾĳƽĸ߼, 롣
үүԼ˵Ϊо, еײӡ¡
оĶкܴһֶǴǰĴϵõģҲͨӡµ̣ڴⷽҲмҡ
˶ֻƿвϡ档
ܿ죬Ʒͱȥֻ˵ڶ
󹩷˵ڶһͭ𡣡
ͭܳѾټؼ룬ͭ칤ա
ĹؾȻͬʱڳϴƿͭĹݸ˾ú档
̣ͭͭĴҪ˺̧
֮㶦ͳȴ
ŷĿҲ棬·
ΪĹܷţ̻ͭر࣬Ѿһ޸ֳΪ
ڶļͬһǧƽ𣬵ξ۵˲࣬еͣˣһеĴƹͭ롣
ҲһʼڴڶЩӦˣΨһľڻûгۡ
ȴʱ˵ˡ
ֻƷʮ̧ġ
·ȥ硣
¥أǰرôҪȷѪһ
Ʒһ磬˵ʽûʲôϡ棬ŵȴᯰ漣
һᯰ֣ССءһ
ᯰ֮ͯʮд˽ΪսҶƷֻʣк˶Եü
ʮд½ʮȥмĶʮ꣬дƷ֪Ρ󹩷վ·˵ǧԪʮ꣬ᯰʮ֮ʱ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ʒʹ黭׶Σʵ̫塣
˵Լٹᯰӣѧ֣ĸ׸Ҳʮϲ
ܰȥ͸ףҲӶ˶ʮָˣ˵һá
ȣ׼һ
󹩷ڲ˵λҲ֪һָǻƽˡ
漣ǮҪļҲ׷׶
ҲŮͬǰƷʱһķӦ
ǰֻǾ棬һȴǶġ
⣬ûڣСѾͷչӣӺ͵͵Լүүҿɲģ
ϵҪ
Ӻ۷Źŵ磬˵ͷ
һμᣬ֪Լ۸óپͣ¡
ֻүүʵҸó۵پͣ£
Ǹ۸Ͳˡ
ԭ˵Լͬмۣתһ룬ҪԼм۵ĻͷҲŴ֡
ԭʮĶôһ֣׼Ҫ̧һȥϨͷ
ҪʲôֱǮҵ˷Ҳ֪ôŮһʵۡ
һתڡ
ڲϵĿ⳯Լһڴ־кָʾ
Ͽ˵ˣĹŵҲ˽⣬ǽмۣͣΣ
Цһ⡣
ȻҲǻϡ
˫Լ˵⵹ûʲôֻᣬԼۣ˲У
һ룬⵹Ҳǣ˵Լ
ڵͷֻԼڳۣȵƽޣһ濤ļ۸Ǹ۸£Ǳˣ˵ļλˣǾ֡
⣬һ˵á
ڱһοڽм۵ʱѾ۸񱻽е
Ůλһ̧֣Сţؽһǧ
ǧļӼ۸Ů㹻˵Ŀˡ
˿򣬼⴩ԲŮ֣۾磬Ҳ־ڱصõӡ
ǮҼŻϵͽ֣ܳӦͬ
ᯰ鷨磬ϰ鷨Ǯ˵󣬶о磬ֻҪ˭ˣǹȥס±ǣǮһִš
ôһУǾͲɵ룺СѾͷڿʼѧ̣ѵ֮ǰǸʦѧ鷨Ҳ֪ѧ˼ֻ
Ǯ̧֣ؽһ
£Ǳٴοڣȴֱӽ۸һʮ
ʮŷҲ˹ȥ
ֻͬÿһСһҲڵļöɫ
ס׷ĴôˬҲΪе
ļӼۣļӼҲſȴ
һг۵ʮ
Ǯٴ̧֣ʮ򡣡
źʮ򡣡
ĺۣҲýӽŮλˡ
ϼӼ۵ʱû֮ǰ
ǶԤ۴žʮңҪһ˸˰ʮȻû˸ˣļҲ̫ˡ
м۴￪ʼͻԱȸղĶٶȽƽʮ
ԭѾ˳ڳлм۵ģֻǮ߸ı⡣
ǮĿϣȻֿߵĻϣؽг˽ǵļ޼ۣʮ
۸һͷ֣ǲٴмۡ
һ֮࣬ԼΪλһ֮С
ѵΪܹǮ
Ǯߴ߸ֳЦݣƶԼʮþȣڻԵĶȴ̧֣ȻĬнгһۣʮǧ
һοڽмۡ
ǰǼҵĽУ˶û֣Ŀⶼʶؾۼ˹
Ǯϣӭ˫ˮհ˫ȷⶫ˶־ڱصãҲͬڱ֣ס
ǾУֻȵظԼ̧̧ס
Ǯֲ֪֪Ĳ
ţϼǧμ֮󣬱ᯰ֡
ʮǧ󹩷ŵĿĵá
ǮãԼĵ磬ֻ˵¶ЦݣȻ߿ڹ˹֣Ǹл

9.1ʼ
ճ, ߣҲһѣ
ⲻڲֶʱ򣬻˶ЩƷȤģҪǮòĻͻᱻˡ
õ, ǹ˷ܾûɢȥ, ԵŷԼ˵Ǵ˶Ǯ
˵ᣬЩñⲻɵתͷȥ
ӭŷĿ, ʶͻһ䣺ҪҲǹġ
˵֮, ŷдŵôһ˿, ԼһֱῪԼ¡ɽԶͼ, ž͵˵ˡ
ʵ, ŷһ䶼û
ʶһ, ЩջغӵĿ⣬סˡ
Ѿ֮ǰ, ʲô鶼, үү͵˹ŷ£ǲĸһɢ¶Ǹ
ŷС¹һ, ܾñʼԼʱСѾͷԼη֮˺ܶ, ھȻôֱӶԼˡ
ͷӹ, Ĵ߸Ц⡣
Ǹá˵, ȵҪĵĶʱ򣬾͵ȿҳˡ
ӣҰһˡ
ԺͲǷʲôˡ
ǵĽ̸϶˹ŷǱǷʲô¡
ȴŷ˵ãû뵽˿Լ죬ȴʩʩȻջĿ⣬˵һŵһҪڸҪϣͲͷˡ
Ĳһ
ǰֲܶŷˣջĿ⣬ȥƷ
һƷûȤոջʮƽһĴ̼УҲ･ˡ
ϸ룬ŷ¡ǮׯһϢֺ죬Ҳİƽһȥ˳֮һȻôûоˣⶼЩȡ
Ͼһ̤¥ȥһ񶼾ľ
Ȼӵ˾޶Ƹ֮󣬻Ǯо᲻һ
ĶԽԽ࣬ȻⶼȤǶԸּ۸˻ȥ
ֻǼǰļԺټ漸˾ͶǴһĹģǵͷϻʱ򣬱͸Իˡ
ôûе̹ʯڣѵûҲȥһ
ôͬүүһ˵Ͼ̲ס˸ۡ
ҪǰҪԴˡ
˵Ȼˡ
СѾͷѵΪĶȫǴһĹѨŪ𣿿϶ǡ
ÿҳ˶ЩֵߵĻģȥĹ˷һʣõġмֵĲűͳ
һĹѨԵõܶıҪ֧ôһᣬǱȻǵΡ
˵ģ˵µǸ磬ǿ϶ǵģʯΪڸڵʱڼʲô󣬻ʲô˼ҵó
˽ͣһӦһߵתĿϻеϡ
ϻľʵģϷУԴ󹩷ϻе˳ϡ
ôһϻȷʵǲģ룬˳۵ʱҲֳ̧˼ۡ
ڶνмۡ
ԭô͵ļ۸ʼǲһγֵʱעĿģοôϻӲҲͱеǧƽļ۸񣬾ͱС
Ƿһ¥ȥͬϻ뵽Ÿտʼѧ̣¥֮ǰϲŸһ׵õĵʹߣͿʼôˣ
ҵͽûϾ˼ǮȲϾ̲סҪֹѧأôõϣõ𣿡
£ͼ۾ӥһ˹
ϱɸţʱһҭջʲô䣬ԼôԶ˵ôС
ȴ֪ԴӺԺ󣬾ԼǰҲĿࡣ
ԭͣʼЩ嶫ҪȥҹˮĥƬð̿ϸڵģںˣˡ
ϼͷԼţƿĿ֮󣬲һ˻
Ϲ͸ƵģСѾͷʲôҪֹ
ĵϻϣˣжսǳ⡣
粻һ̾͸ˡ
ͷϻѷŵʯµһڹжꡣ
˼ˣֻΪϣݳ޵֣ٵظˣȴ֪⿴Щ뵽Լռڳһʯ
ºˣ˭֪ϻӺ񣬻ͷϻѿռڳʯ͵͵滻ܹص˸ֶͳȥˣ
ţϻһԡ
ѩţϻӡ
ĵؽעַŻصУֻֿ˰ΣҲûʲôĶ
ѾôãԼŷȴʲôûй룬Ҳ֪ݲ
ţͿ˿ˡ
ʱͷϷġʱͼɽԶͼڵǳˡ
¥λжʱһOO@@ʱĦϸ΢졪

ġʱͼɽԶͼ
⻰æ·ȥ
ǽһֱںž͹⿴ŵĸҲ̲סվ뿴ѹƷʲô
ȵ̧µʱ򣬱˶һ
ҲŵµĻֻã·Ϊˮˣ⻭Ҳƽ
Ǽˣ˶֮Ĳ״ˡ
ŷҲãҲãĿſԭĻϣ֮ⲻھƣδľҪ⼯߷ҵеıأ˿Ҳ߷´һرҲټա
𻵳óеλϣЩص
ǵ뵽ⳡ˲ִ٣ֶ¥Ǯļһһˣʹ֪ǰõɡ
Ĵңλʦ޸⻭оųɰա
ټѾõĻϣǾʮʮ
˭ĵ¥ҵܹ޸ˣĻõ֡
жϣ󹩷Ҳ濪ڽ״
ɽ˵Ĺóʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ǰҪĹѨ˵ȴûܽɣʹˮĹѨ䱦
󹩷óģ߷ƷҲ֪һ˵ҵҲûаܹԭȫϸڣֻܳǮϻλʦڣ¥λԸģھ۰ɡ
ΪˮĽݶʧȥϸڣ޷ԭĲرͼ־ڴ˵˵˺ܴ֪ԼػǶ־ڱصá
Ĵиһ漣ʧѾõĻȻҲ֡
˴󹩷һԿʼۣǳ۵ͿʼӶ¥ĸ
ڼ۸һԺڵҲڶ¥ֱӱ
ĳۣһӣԭΪֻҪû뵽ﻹһˡ
ⶫ¾Ϊˡ
ţԸ֣е
Ȼһ̣һû뵽Ҳֺ
ŷһοˣصʮ򡣡

9.1ʼ
ʮƽ۸, 㲻߷ܲŵܱͬ⻭ļֵȣҲʲô
ʵϣոҵԤ⣬ĳļ۸Ӧһƽϡ
, ĳߵļ۸
۵ŷ, һγۡ
һвں۵˭鶼͵һ䡣
ŷ̫ξȻˣ
첻, ĴҪ
˼, ѵڳ˸Ҹ
еĹ, ȨƬ֮ͷ֣ٲľۡ
ԭ˵ľ۶ʱֻʣ
, Ͼѹ֡
ô̵ȥ, ⱩƢܲˡ
ţٴ̧, ԭһгʮļ۸, ȻԱȴһֻ֣ס
ϻͷ, ͼԼĺѡīĶҶԼҡҡͷ, ŵ㡣
ڸŷ, ɲǸˡ
Ͻм۱һôһейˡ
ټŷʱ, ŷҲó, ˵Ŀڿж, ŷ̫ξԼ˵ͷеͶʱٴһ
ȷʵǻòͷˡ
ɿŵҲԸô
ԥһ£ԭߵʮ˸ģʮ
ּ֮۲ŷлһ˿ϣ
Ҳŷ˾ǽнмۣ룬Ҫأ
ʵ֤̫ˡ
ָշ£ŷͽгһµļ۸񣺡ʮ򡣡
϶ʱˣ˼Ҫ
֪̫ܲξ⻭ʲô˼ǮҲſɡ
й⼸Щй
ԭҪһĻǶʮҪȥˡ
ǺķһŰ⻭˳͵ԭüǮȴҪʧˡ
Ψпֵ룬Լ뻹̸޸Żɡ
ǣϽһŷ֮󣬻˸мۡ
ȻֺŵλţűĶŴ֮ٴ̧֣ûһɳƵ˵ʮ򡣡
ֱӳ˸ոļ۸񣬱ͬһ˼
˲á
ҪҪۣǾ̧ס
һ£жֳһͷ
ⶫʿ
ֶϣԼҲ֮Ϣ
ৡһӣӺʻϣүүǲһҪһ𣿡
ȥʱţŷҪǡɽԶͼҪǡʱͼ֮Ŀûгͻ
һó˶ˣĵ͵֮䣬̧߼Ǯ
͸ղŶʮȻ˲ͺˣ
Ͽڵ㿴ŷС𣿡
ʲôðʺţתͷȥүү
ϼ·ĵصСӲѡ񣬴˵ȻѡȫҪˡ
˵䣬ѾѼ۸ʮһ·̧һٶʮѾ˶Ԥˡ
ԭþʲôüǮ˶֮ϲˣҲǸҸŷĶˣʲô·
ǻϣҲһʼĿϷת̬
ͬһҲôˣԼЭ
ȻŷھͲʲôˡ
ܡѪҩԴϢһóľ׽
ⶫĶҩһˣѵге
û¶ţŷҲܹΪ˵򻭡
ԱҪԣҪͱȻҪ
Ĳŷһ
ԭп޵ĶڲĳǰԸ⡣
ǵļ۸һ·̧ߣһٰʮʱ򣬳Ѿѻȸ
ǰûֵʱ˶ĵʲô۸иԤڼ˸Ϊ˻·𵥴ǽˣҲ֪۸񾿾ȥĸ߶ȡ
ⲻɵŷոԼ˶Ʊ
ȻԼ˽񣬲ܶõ¡ǮׯڱܵǮ
ĻȻҪԼǮˡ
Ժתͷүүһ̧֡
ԭҪٴγۣϵĶһʱͣ
ϣ
˹үү˵ˡ
Ȼתŷ
һ¶λãүүԸŷֱӽ
ˡ϶˵͵Ҹӡ
ǿˣô˽ˡ
뵽гϣһĻȴĲƲĻļ۸ǽѾ˼ĻʥʲôӦŶԣ˹ײİ壬ӵص
ֹˣ۶ɱ֮ȫǮǮͣ
ϼ״˱һɫȥβ
µĴ󹩷Ѿڵˣһٰʮȷû˳Ļôͽһٰʮƽļ۸ŷ
յүүʾ⣬ֱ壬еӣҲ̫ˣոࡣ
̧֣˿ʱ򿪿ڽһۣһٰʮ򡭡һ
վ·Ĵ󹩷ϵ鲻䣬۽ȴ鶯һ¡
Ŀ˻ȥΧһٰʮһ˳ߵļ۸𣿡
Ӧ۸ѾԤһأû˴ٳ֡
ڴ󹩷֮ƵĻһٰʮһƽļ۸˱⡣
仰ֻԼɽҡ
ĪͻôǮûкϲĻһ˲ơ
ˣ¥ⳡǽˡ
Χ˶վҲվ
ǰ棬ֱںͷУСβһȥүүһ¥
ոճʾ޿µƻûб𣬶Ƿ·ϣȥ֮ΧΧ
̣ҲûзŹᣬƤ
ϷŵĻõʱǶÿԵھԽĿϧ
ϱ֣ĲӴβȻ̧ͷȺҵϡ
̧ӣϵĿʵϹô£ʹˣֶˣϴϴ𣿡
ڳӴ黭޸˶֪޸һϴ
⻭άŴĹȡ״̬ȫûճЩɳ
ϱһ䣬ü㡪
û㡱ȥһ˦֣ĹĵصҪϹûͶ޸ˣﻹֵõ㣿
⻰˼ҪԼүү
Ϻһûټ
ʱͬϡŷھ۵иҲֻܷĻͲǰ˸ǣСĵشȡ˻˷ֳ־ͷǰչ
⻭̿ɽˮֻеס˺
һμ漣ϵĲƻóĻɫ£ͺողŴı»һ
Ǳ⣬ڳ˶ĻܹصĻ
ֻеԼ۾Ҫòˡ
ԭˮݹֱɳûĻʱ軭ľķ
Ȼɻʥʥ֮鴫

9.1ʼ
аѻó, Ȼֻڳ˿۽硣
Ҫʼ޸
ʶһ㣬˲ĳȡ
Ȳ˵Ǯļң˵ϡ
Ϊԭ꣬˶Ϊмֵһա
ڼ˽˸ͽ, ǲζŽҲܼٴγ֣
תͷͬʱ, ǵĿҲ˱ϡ
Ů漷ҸĵطŻ
ΪϸļҵĵжԣԾۼΧһûи, ֻΧվԶԶؿ
յͽܵмＸ, ھõ֤ᡣ
ʵڴ
һʼռ˸λ, ȴԽԽԶ, ֻվԱߡ
Ŀ, Ҳ, ɴо⻭ϵĻʥ
ǰ¥ϵʱ򣬻ϸԭ, һò˾Ҫ
ڼŮһ, ȴûдֻǱߵ˱ԡ
۽ƳүүӰڽʦ, ۾ճϡ
Ϊ˪ͼ߷＾ɫһ, õļչɫ, ͨͨñ÷·𴥼һ硣
վԱ, ڵ⻭ȻǲģϹĹǿ̫࣬ɡеƹĹѵã࿴
Ӧǡ
黭޸һЩ迴װѵĻƣͬװֲһ
һȥװѣΪ˸õر桢չʾ黭޸ҪʱϴòƵ黭޾
˵˪ͼ޸úãΪ޸üӽ֮˺ʱһܺõĲο
ġʱͼɽԶͼһ껭ģñֽٵװѣ񶼼ӽ
֮£Ƿٴʤͼ޸òôˡ
òóû
һУ޸š
ҪѧһƵԭ޸֮ͬһȻѧ죬ȵ³ԼķƷŵһС
νУڸҵĻ֮󣬽һЩֻ¼С˵У˭ҲûĻƾ
ƭ֮ˣǽķ漣£Щʦ׬Ǯı¡
ϱվԼ¡ǮׯЩǮڵļʹжٱǾԼ֣ģ£̲סӡ
ֳɾ͸Уͬһ㡣
ڰԼ£ǲҪһˡ
Ŀͽʳٻ󣬲Ҫһ
źӣĿվڲԶ϶ϡ
һΣ˶۾û
ĦĻѵãʱͽǡ
ǿ˪ͼٴʤͼȻȥҪ޸ġʱͼɽԶͼж޸һµļƻ
⼸ҵӵܸⲻͬ׸ʦߣҲʦ޸Լ
Իʥ֮ȻģҲܿ췴Ӧ޸֣׷Ʋǰ
ֻб⣬ȫעעѵó漣ϡ
֪Χ£ǰ˶߿ˣó·ǰڻǰƲ·Ҫ߿߽ϵɽˮľġ
ŵ˼ôСῴԣֱãⶼվڻǰֻĿġûж֡
ϼ˶òˣֻСѾͷվڻǰǿڵˡ
еĻСذ¾
գգ۾·һþѹ
ǰֵƬƬɽˮŻľǰɢվ¥Ŀռˡ
ƶתͷԱȥ̨ϵĳһΪʱͼɽԶͼ԰ڷһϣӻϰĲƬҲԱߡ
Լүү½ǰȥһǰվ
·ϻٶ¶˼ɫˣҪʼ޸ˣ
ǰ޸黭ֻԼĵǰδô˵չʾա
¥˶ˮүүһվǰ˷һԵˢӣʼһµؾӡ
ҪˢӸˮʲô
ͷתŷ𣬴ζҪϴˡ
һͷԼţߵǰˡ
ʵŷ˶黭޸Ҳо
ŷ۾ûпһ˵֪һˡ
̨ϣڶϴ֮ǰϰԵؿ˻һۣŸ
ǼɣҲͬһȣʱ;Щڡ
Ͽû·ҵӰͳŮ֣
Ҫñ⿴Լô޸ģվôԶô
æ˹ȥϸָ˸λãվˡ
˵һҨˮʼϴȻˢȱ۵Ļɨ
ԱߣϵĶҲˡ
ʪˮУǵɨӻȥˮӿȥϴѵɳҳ
˿ͬᣬֻڶֵʱ࣬Ӳ໰
ڴĳϴԺȴһˢŻ棬һ߶ű˵һϴˮϴȥϵ۸װʱµĽ
СҪϴã
ϵʱ䲢޶ۡ
װѵʱõĽһͬһ˵ĸʱϰҲͬ
ϴҪʱ䣬öٵˮƾĶǾ顣
ϴʱˣϴòɾϴʱ䳤ˣֻѻϵϸڵ
νʦţͽܣȿ֡
˱רעġɵĶŻעͲɵƫ˹ȥ
˵ĸо޸һҵĴ֮Ͼʱڴͽܣ˵᲻ϴϴžͰˢӸ⣬
ã϶ԴĻصģûͽ֮ܵ
ϲǰŵĹ򣬶˶Իϴ
չƽѾϴɾ
ڲ֪У¥ˮҲ裬ͣ¶ˢӽȥʱˮѾ峺ס
ϴ֮ëˮ֣Ҫʼһҡ
Ѹߣ۾ҲʹˣһͽĵӣԼվһԣֿš
һĿһߣϹȻϴҶԼʱżֻؿڵϹͽûѧҪҪҽͽܸ㣿
ӣûҪƬάƸһ
Ͼ˵߶ȥ
ϣ
ͲٹԼ϶ͷʼֽˡ
ͬղϴʱһһȶһ߽ͽܡ
үүؽ¸ֽֿʼֽԼ˵ֽһҪСģֱֽŻоȡʱһͻ˼о
µʱҪȣҪ
һ˵ţһ߶ͣԼֵʱ򣬵£Ҫͣ£ȵľټ
ǡ⿴һãȫľӣֻСүүҪæŽˣȡ
û¡ϲмصʦҲЩӹˣóһĶáҲһ֮ͰļҴ仨ˮ
ôһֽ¶ķ˲ʱ䡣
Ավŵ˶Ƚοˡ
ϵĵӻãϾ׳ɻôͷվȻҲƣ̬
ֽ֮һµˢӣʼڻоС©ˮûУСˮͺ޲
һֽ

9.1ʼ
ֽϹ, ϼҵֺϷˡ
ԭõʲôֽīĶһ۾Ϳ
īеģѾ׼ˡ
īûеģڵ⻭óҲӹżѰ˷, ֽ˳
ֽ, ľѡĺַ
轫⻭еƽˣΪɫû
һ, Ҳ, ƽϼˡ
æһͨľ, ̧һͷ, ֻ΢΢, Ծ֢Ժ, ҲʤǰٻʮҲû⡣
үү, Ӹүү, κ硣
ѩǴͣϵ
һ֣, û
վŮԣڵ, ֽȥ, ҪɡȫϽ, ǽһʱҲ꣬Ҳعˡ
ΪľѵĿͷβ
ϴǵȫɫǶĴʦܹȷͬԭһ
һٵһգ£ʱٻ
īĶһͷŵӣԡǮҵĴʦһ߹
˳ɣһ϶˰֮Լǵͽһϸ¡
زϣλʦҲڵͷ֮Լɺúüסˡ
ǰ⸱ϹͷǺˣɱһʧǺüꡣʱҪǲɾˡ
ǾðѸ˵ĻѾ˵ˣֻ֮Ǻһ
ת뿪վڱƾҪȥıҪǿո㴦һķϣҾȥˡ
үү֣Ȼ𡪡ˣĻ
ղŷµʱԼ˸һٰʮһƽļ۸񣬰
¥ûҪǮҪȵ޸ԺǮ
ֻ֧ʮŷ˾ӡȥȡǮ͹ٶޱȵĿ졣
˾ɢȥ
үү¥Ҳ˵⼸ʮƽ͵ԼͲ֪ô˵
Ѿ˹רŵ͵ȥ
ߵǰֲ˱⣬ͷһӣֻôˣ
ͽԼĹ˵ˡ
Цһ˵⻹򵥣үүģȻ͸ġᯰ֡
֮سϢҲᴫȥ
ʱ֪˭ȻͲô͵ͽôһˡ
ǡŸҪŻȴһ
˶ͣ¶˵˿ȥŷ˹
ˣأ
ţֿ󣬷岻ʣ֮뿪ˡ
ŷͬͣԭأŷǡ
ŷǰԱ˵ÿƷˣ͵ҵĸϣŵҵһ¾ˡ
ԭ塱Ӧһŷ˵ȴ
æ˵Ƕŷġ
䲻֪ôǷŷһˣƶŷڲ
ŷҲ˵һŵԾͰһٰʮĻߣ̫ôˡ
ŷһ࣬űʱͼ˶УضͻᱻӴܴ룬ǻĺ֮ȥҪ뽫ʥĻÿɲסˣ֮Ҳܵأ뻭Ǵܵɽˮ
˵΢΢۾Աʥ֮Σ
ʶشȻĳ
ˡŷЩڻĺ֮صĶˣǼɽˮѵ᲻ۿһûǽĽǵĽУ
жҡǰ˴дӣʮɻʢӱ£һľ£ǰ˵ȷʵҰġ
ŷɶԼĻ˳Ƶһٰʮһỹʱһҡ
ԥûڣ϶ŷ˻֣˸ϵƣˣСұͲ֡
һƷڵʱ۱ܡ룬Щ߾СһƷצ͸
ǸʱǾҪӻĺ֮ǨռõĽˣΪôһʲô仯
ŷϲ˻ϵȻֱƽЦЦı顣
ⷴӦתүүԼҲ˽ȥ
ŷ죬ƭ˵Ĺ㻹ˡ
һ˦ޣݡͿʼǰ߶ͬķȥ
ϱϾۣҪȥϢٻȥ
ѩͬһ𣬶Ǹ¥һߡ
ڳϣԼղЩʹӦˡ
΢΢ҡΣһֻ۾ʵͬŷô£ôǷһŵˣ
Σմף԰үү
ЦŷǲҪ棬ҪԺ󶼲
Ȼǲˡһ䣬үү˵үүͬǶ˰֮ڣҪ㼸죬һѧþͨʣµҲҪպãѧĸ
룬ѧ黭ǵ̵ĻҪõƷ黭ǲµġ
˵̵ĵʣϣö⣬Ի˵ͰǰģҼ黭Ȼүүҵ̡
ϵͷҲã£ѧյʱӡ
Ű֮ԼͽܰǼϹͽܴܣϾʷ׳ʵı飬Ա˵һáȻ̲סźЦ
ȥ˻ͬϷ£ּ˱
ʱ¥Ҳˡ
ѩȥ˿ţ¥Ļ̧ȥ
˴ִֽţˡ
ѩԣʵȽ̧ȥ
룬̧һָķ˵ȥ
ǹʱУڲԻи´ˡ
űչЦգˡ
һֽһɩӡ
ĿϴתЦѣŵ졣
ͷԼϵԲۣĸ˵ѣ죬ΪڼҲƵʽ
ͬϱ˵꣬ŶŮأɩӵׯ˼𼫺õзɩҪôء
ˬص˵ˬ԰еĹҲãٰϯ˴һԳԾƣ͹𻨾Ͷá
ЦǵǿԣЩˣ͹ƷзҪġ
ˡӣһã˵ףɩӣﵹһ̧ǿ̧
˵Աһã¥Ļƾͽ̧˽Ȼǰ˲ԱĲ¶ȫò
黭һȤڹȴǲȺ飬һϵֱվǡᯰ֣
ɩӺЦʦʱõ˻зᯰ漣Σ

9.1ʼ
лнͬʮȥ, ñȥϳҪ磬һظ˵˱¥ᯰ漣¡
һصлеĿȾͱڷ
״Цˣһᯰ漣Եġ
˸ղѾѹзԺ￴磬һٶֶƷһ, ̽˶ʮᯰñϰߡ
ĻתͷͼлеڼʱͷҲȼ⡣
ʱ֣, 
лǰȿ, Ȼٿɿؿһ, 󿪿ڵȻᯰ漣ʮʱдͬ
, һֱǷʮꡣ˵, 翴
лУȥĵʱ䣬öվһ, 뿪, صԡ
, ֻЦصôˣ
űл, վһ, ⿴ӰǲЩֵܣᯰ漣ϲԣ˶ǲ¡
֣סֱۣվԵҶᯰ鷨ֻԣ壬յһл˵أҾͲȥˡ
л֪ϵ漣ֱãȻ۸񲻷ơ
Ҳû뵽оĳʮƽĸ߼ۣһ⣬ֻΪϰġ
϶Ա۰ᯰ漣ãʾҪˡ
лϲҲѵöÿڵܲ缸գڸԺУøͼա
磬һΪϲ
¼ȻҪӦġɾлпҪ˵õʱǵĸֻˡ
ӹлѾ֪¥ᯰ漣ʥ֮¡
ϵ£ΪسɣһҲʼģղ黭ķ
ֵȼ֮һǾͶյϢȻҲ֪һ漣ѹŷµġ
ŷ̫ξԸȥ¥ȴУͬ˲ͬ
֪Ļ˭ôͣȻڶʳŷ̫ξҪĻ
Ҳһ棬ʱһ·
Ļãرϲᯰ鷨ϲ
ԼˣǶȻҪúõ棬Ҫרƣҫһ
ͷҲӦȥŷ˵ܸȥ򡣡
ͷص˸УһͼԼУһʱſڣѺ泤Ӹӵ·סˡ
ôˣлԨںʵ
˵ŲͷȥͷʲôֻôŴԼҪȥľ£վһǰվһʱˡ
ҪӦıתͷǵˣʱ¶˸Цݣˣ
ںлڼлԨûкĴˣֻͳؽһ硱
ع۾һӦͬлиոտʱһģһ
ż߽˶ӸŮߣǡ¥ᯰ漣ģ
û뵽һ·ȥȻǻԼҡ
תһȦȻļ۸񡪡ŮҪĺʮƽԼ˽Ǯ񲻾ȫȥ˻
סŲŮٴͬһ˵ϡ
ʼһǡ
ı飬̷Ӧֵⲻģʦ
ǻȻͬԼ⣬־ͺˣʣǻʥҲǡ
šͷʥ֮Ѿ¥޸УҪһʱ䴦޸ãʦֻǽ˹ѧϰ
ŮĻ˵ͷĿϣʶŮ˵ǻʥҲҪ͵ԼУ
ͬлС̫ÿһʧۣ֪֮ŮʦǺεľ
лΪ֪ͬһõʦջǴ˵ѾĻʦ
ʦ֣֪ŮǰһλΪʦ
лԨϵ֣ǻϵĵӣʦͽҵһҲҪ£
ᯰ漣Ǽ֮ϲ
磬ϱᵽз£ﻹ˵ã
ŮӦ𣿡
ҡͷʦϲ֡˶٣ֿ˵Ҫɩһзȥͬʦ˼ҵǻỶϲ
վлڼԣűЦУ඼С
¾ͳˣǶİ֮ʱ˷ԣУжԺﲻèָû˿žץˡ
ᵽԺҲãԺﲻèȥڻֻС¹ꡣ
лڼվԣԸ׵˼ͿˣֻϵʵǵӦ÷ף
ȵصȻǷҵ鷿ס
ǶϲĽѾȥˣȥɽǩǩҲ˵Ѿ̩
Ǵ֮λλڶϽǵ鷿ʺϡ
ôˡİжҪϰ鷨شֽʣ鷿ʲôСԸһָ꣬һ
лʧȻ˿Ҳͬ˵ȷڵ鷿ɡ
ϲʤ̾˽ȥԼ鷿ԼԸһ·
̫ȥСס˱ûһš
类ʱûг֣ùŲԺ밲
ԭɣȥͬڴϢҪһ棬ȴ˵岻ַһͨ𣺡ģⶾҲģҲʲô
֮ٴƽ뿿ûãҪ»ҪԼ
Ȼ͵üֺȴᡣ
մԼĵĹ밲ȴԺ
ʳͬˣһһѾͬһˡ
΢䣬ͬ˶ˣͱòϡ
ͬ񣬴ɣнӹʳУߵǰ˵ŮԭЩģҪ͹ĸ׳һû뵽ɩҲ׼ˣŮͰѵȥף
ȴˣ㸸ɩҲѾ˹ȥⶼͬ㸸һоǵ磬ǲҪȥˡ
㣬ǰϧΣڱǰͬ˵ʱ־䶼Ρ
ǱⲻںЩ˵ÿһ仰ơ
ţųϱôôϲȻҲǲԾζУˡ
£ʵĸ׸ɩ̸ʲô

10.1ʼ
ͬ˵з, Կš
, εͬ֬Ͼ컨µĺۼǰ㲻
ԭΪԺ󣬵һҪԵΡ
Ͼڱջʱ, Ϊǳͻ, ξĻȡ˵ע⡣
ֶοɼһ, ǽĺ԰
û뵽, Լż죬ζǰַ֣ǰٳ֡
ʵǳϡ
ֱռʳ֡ϸˡĸо
˿̣εעϡ
˵һ, ֻСȻ顣
⿤֮λϣȻͬϱԼͬͷ, й֮޲
θеԼ˼ּʣʱΪԼȻʱе˲
ǽ岻ʣûûƼǰֵӡ˵Ц, һԵĳϱ, ⻹ɩߣҲŲͬһȥЩĶ
ΪԼȻӲ, ԲռȻ, жʱ
, Ҳᵽϻڣֲ˷ֻ֣ܴԼķ
δ˾ҪչԼġ
ϯ׼ĲʽûУ費ҪԼ⡣
ˡһ˵һЦеָ̧˶ϱֱ
ˣʵ⣬ʶؿԼüһЦ
źǴĸ㣬һ˱͵ϯõĲ˵ᡣ
֪ó£Źż죬ĵֻҪĶ١
뷨óϱԼ£Ŵõĵӡ
ԭǱͬϱЦ˵߿ӣɵȿõԺо¶˼־졣
ż޹ⵥӾѾʮ꾡ͬǰĲԶĲɫҲѭľ
֪ԼĳӸͲϤЩҪΪǶӸЩ
˵һ¾ãֱɩǲĵȥʹˣ˶˵ûС
֪֮ǰü磬ÿϯıϯʽ˴š
ЦЦŵȥ磬鸮Ůң׵ĹùöԶȥϱߡҰЩ£Ҳûʲôʣоǻʱ˾˸ϰߣػȥһıͬʽ
鸮ҪͣԸ뵽һʽҪΰŲźãҲиݡ
ǶϧŶϱֵΪˡ
ĵӣȻȫƾдģνΪͷҲȻԸе
ȷʵûͣϱܹסԼȥأ
ԺɣվţͬѾ˵
Ӷ˵൱ƽڶҹ˵ѪӣƽҲ
νȥûͷ˵ʲôܹЩլ
ֻʱαʮ׼Ҫͣãûɣͼˡ
СˡɣͬԼһĵСѾ˵Ҳͬ˵ˡ
ȻͿ첽ߣֻһ۾ͼϵɫʳлصԼеʱɣҲеͷһ㶼ûȻûж
ʳУȥ
̤Ժ֮ǰνŲһͣŶϽǵ鷿һۡ
鷿֪˵ʲôЦ
һɸТĺμ벻ȥҲûֵá
ߡɣ뿪԰صԼԺӣûԸҪôʳĵġ
εӰʧźɣסһ·СѾߣʳнȥ˳ԡ
ȻſţܵγˮʵСôˣ
εְϣԹ
ɣһۣջĿ⣬һ⸮оûһ˳ĵġ
ɣţ߹˵˵Ҫϯ
ǰҪϯЩ鶼ͬⶨģڵãһͰһ߿ȫҪˣ
˵ţڿɣ飬ʵϻ岻ʣԸң
ڣɣɫò񷽲Ҽϵ屾Ͳãܹ㣬Ȼȥ
α˱ۣһϯԲ˳
ǰ˳ˣ֮еȨͻὥɵС
ֵãǶŲΣҲһԼ
Щ˾Ըֻ⸮бһֱ޵½ȥΪֹ
ܶʲôֽţʧĸ׵Σ
ɣȻؽӵȻҩ
ȴһУ
ϴжԺŷ˾Ѿ
ʱҩ񲻾Ͷ
ɣ鴽߸ֳЦݣһβҩ
Ҫ磬ԵǴׯззȻŻƲС
ⶫŮ˵ϯգֻĳЩõĲ;ĨЩҩ˾ͻܲסзĺһЩ󣬲Σա
ϯеһЩ˳
ԸϯЩСۣʧΣһе·ᷳ˶εҲ˳Щܵȵתټ
ɣĻչüͷãô졣
˿ٿɣ飬ֻⶫŮȻʮֺݣʹСȻҲŵ
ǰȥɽ£ɣҩҪʲôó
ŵʱϻĻңε˳ˣܹһϯõԼ·˳Լʲô
ֻǿɺⶨģ֪涼ʲôˡ
ZһҲ
һһξǺܺõֻᡣ
ôѫڣֻ˿Zͬ
ҪףֻҪʵᱡ˳µسΪˡ
Ϊڲż޸ĻӣԼ᲻ֻ᲻Ѿںˡ
Լһȥһ綼ʲôźš
ţ̧ٴοɣ飺ϴõ㣬ϿУ
ɣüɽϲɣСҪһΣ
ְ̧ѹüģ͵صϲңȻҪΪԼı
ɽһβɣɽлᣬȻҪա
ɣҲԸ⿴ڣֻҪٳҪȥԼϡ
Ѭ̫Եϯոпڶ࣬Ӱ쵽ˡһ˵ţһߴȡһöҩ裬ݵǰҪٷһԵҩͬЧ
η֣۾ҩ
ҩһýŵһȻޣˡ
ҩˮҲԵµֻΪԼԵʡɣϯϣʺϲˡ
áҩ裬׼ڰˣȥһ֮ʱҪѡ

ԤУҪˣ
-
ҪƼѵĹԡμʳby̫
Ȿ׼VV֧к
İ
ζԭһҽĻˣĸ֮һδޣŵܵó˽Ϊ̫۶ȥ
һۣԼһũСƱҪ޸һ仧Ǹкӡ
˼ζ̲סЦˡ
ȻܳһҴѲɻЩĶǣ
ǸкȷʵǺ˻ǿˡ
͡һѡ

10.1ʼ


лڼԡ鷿п, ͷѾ߽, ֪ӻˡ
̧⡣
ù֮ȥĸ׵Ժӣͣ˺Щʱ
Ӧǰ鶼ˣŻ
Ů, ڵ¿лڼ
ĿƳֱߵĲѾûð, ǶԼŮԸȥһ, ЩӸдİ׾ա
Ůܿȥֻ, ӹ˲裬ߵԣǱѾ˵Ĳ軻ˡ
лڼԱߵִ̧ͷԼ»ӡ
Ŀ̫, ڽȥǲյԼŮ֮󣬱תͷЦôʲô

лڼ飬̧ס, Լǰ
˳ǰȻһϡ
ѾҪʱ֣ԼԺǽз, ǾΪ顣
һʱ糺, ̲ס鷿
»С޻Ҫʱʱ̿һҲ
лڼû鷿֮, ֻڵ¿Ž, ƽպεȵˬʶׯ, ˿Լ죬ѵһ
ָ̧֣ڸӵ࣬˵鷿Σ
һۣҪȴлڼסˡ
˵ҲԵġ
ֽ֣ӵϣ㣬ҵڻΡ
⻰ˣ׶˳ȴһۡ
̾һȻ˷ϣԼȥǶͬ˵ʲô
ʲôάƣصҽõĵ˹ȥ￴ˣȻЩϸڡԭöڵԺЩȥǳû뵽Ǹ鷿ȫᯰǼ硣ȵ뿪ʱҲûǳ
лڼ¶Цݣ˵ܸᯰ鷨Եúܡ˵һпȺ֪ͣ˭ˡ
ϳ֪ôϵϢ
̧ڿ飬Լ˵ƷĵģӦȥ͸ԨǣǲͶá
飬ǶѾȥˣ©£
лڼӵĻֻеԼ̫ˡ
ֱߴӴ˶Ȳ衪Ǳ￴һۣ⻹ǲ裬Ƚİ׾գϺ̫˯á
лڼƺ˷ϲ¾ˬҹξѵëûˣһܺúõ˯ϳʱҲûôƣۡ
ĸ㣬ҲӰԼǡ
Ϊ֣ڵ֮ܵʱΪѰһЩȤǳ֮ΪûôͶȥˡ
ĸԺܵĵܵãлڼʵͬԺ֮ϵǲôܵģӲٳִ㣬͸еԼ±ý
֣
Ӧһ˵лл㡣
Цôö˶˵ģлˣ
лڼ˵ԼĻת˸һִαԼϵͷԼмҵҪ㡣
΢΢ͷʡ
Ҫ㱦Ŀζϲỹϲأϲϲ̣ϲĵʲô
ŷĿϸֳһ˿ãȻɫ֪Щʴˡ
лڼȷʵ֪ϲʲôûʲôյض˵Ӧǲ죬ʲôϲġ
𰸺ǲٲ죬ҲϲĶɡ
лڼεصȥʱԺŮ֪ˣ
ڳæµؿڸ֮Ҳͬദô࣬Ȼǲˡ
¶˲ͬɫ˵㣬ϲʲô
лڼԼ֪ǻشӸ⡣
ʣأ
лڼϲԵľǳǵĹ𻨸⡣˵ЦôˣҾȥ򡣡
һѣ˳
лڼӵӰǰתϸŵͬԼһԵ壬ƻ£Ե÷ӨȻ
յô»Уϲķ·塣
лڼҲʮϲ⼸նʱʱϡ
վ鷿УתԼ˵㿴֪֪ϲʲô֪֪ϲʲô㶼ܴ޷Ǿϲĵ⣬Ҫ֪ϲʲô֪Ǹжġ
ҡлڼҪ⣬ȴϡ
̧һָ壺Ҳ˵ľǱ塣ĺĵ񹤣Ҳ֪ǳԻʦֱʣǱΪȥʦġ
лڼӵĻɵõͷ塣
⽫һϲ֮أ
ȷʵʱ붼Zлڼףûⱸһݺ
лڼԭûн·ϣֻһԱȣ;Լʵǲġ˸ԺԼԱⲻôһͷԼõĳ̶Ȼǲ
У滺ĸ׵Ժｨˡ
лڼʶʣôˣ
ͬһ˸ȥĸ׵ԺӡҾ룬㣬ǸԺӶ͵ģĸ㣬Թ𣿡
лڼϵɫٴһ
ЩԭδעϸڣǼ⡣
ԻصУʲô˲䣬Σܹõľֻĸĸ
ģǴ䲻еġ
оͺǱǺãضԼ˺á
ֺãֺЩ˵õˡ
ԼһЩлڼһ˼ģ˵Ȼطˣ鿴꣬Щðɡ
лڼӦһǰȴòǺܿȥ԰ǱջˣҲ˷
űεĲͬԭΪߣû뵽˯úܺá
ȵڶȥϳһлڼͼԭ˴߹ĸף쾹Ȼ˰ϣˣЦеġ
˷лڼ̲סʵףǣ
չϵӣҡҡȻЦеؿųӡ
лڼһʱûŵлԨԱȷд֣ⲻᯰƪ
ܵܵĻлڼŵתĿ⿴棬дĹȻǴƪһҲһģһ
ͺǰϵС˺ЩתƵϡ
ʮֵ⣺յţҪôڸе͸¶ȥӣ˵ҲԼˡ
лԨӹʵǵдĻдģ
鷨ãлǽᯰ鷨ص㣬лԨȻΪǵֱˡ
лڼȴ˵ǣдġ

10.1ʼ
˵, Ͷ¶ĶӶ֪, ͬ˵
ǵܵעѾˣҪһʡ
ǡ
лڼлԨӦһǡ
˵ŵıڸֳȥϳ֮󲻾ãҲӼ, ͬȥˡ
ӽտʼүүѧϰ, ȥϿһ, î
, ˯ôʱ䣬磬ȥҲ硣
յѾһЩ⡣
ͬԺӣͼүүԺš
Ȼ׼ͷ緹
үүǰ, ˵үү硱ڻ϶¡
Ķѩͽŵʳзϣһһذ
ţԭ۾ܳ紵Ļżʳ, һ۾
Ϸŵ㣬һüëʱ⣬ôû緹͹ˣ
ְڷţүүϲԵķǰ, ˵ʱүүҲӦǻûù緹, Ծöѩѳˣүүһԡ
¶Цݡ
, ҲЦ, ȡֵݵ, յĳг緹ſʼյĹΡ
ȻǸղϣŰڿıѾȥŵĶմ¥ϡ
ȻЩǻеı˻֮ϳˣҲᱻ¥ڳ
һССʯǰϿڵǰϰ黭Ѿ˻Ҫѧ°빦
ţүүǰͷ֪ǿԼ˵ĻһܼסҲҪڴ˿Ҫʼ¡
۾˫ֵ黭ͬߴģҪȷģʯȥʱҪʯĲͬɫƣԵȥ縣Ϊܣס𣿡
סˡ漴үүõϱͼǲǲÿˣ
۾ԭ뷴ôõ񣬿һ覴öûУǻ߾ǰСѾͷԼǿ
覣±߽϶Щᡣ
˷תϾĺ񣬾ǰ˷ѣһҪ޶ȵȥá
ж󣬾ǰиɼ
̵ܽӣԼڳЩʯͷô󣬲иĻ޷Ǿиʱ򲻸үүˡ
ⰵͷӣԲͬԼĻֻ²жȻиͷͬϡ
СѾͷԼȥˣǿһѵ㻹ǲǵǰӦүүʲô
ʲôʣӦүүˣһʱ䶼֪үүʲô
ϱŤصӦҪүүȸǿϻҪĺ񣬿ɲˣ
⻹ʲôԭ̱˵ãҹͰǿϴүү
ı֤ššһִһʯ
ʯԱ˵õһ֣Ҫй۲죬۲īiȸΣɫ֮ơ
ƵͼԻֽϣҲԻҪϡ˵ϴǿʯϣͼȵûֽϷãȵϡ
ǿϴڵһͨףڵʱȫһߵסŵϣڲԿóжѣѴɫͬʯһҪڵĹн޸ġ
ͨ£޸Ҳֲֻܵݣܸıԭ⡣
ͷүү˵ĻС
֮󣬾ͿԿʼеһ֮ΪֵҲɳΪߣϱҪ״תϵʯһǰܽྭ飬⣬ʵǳ
˵죬ЩרҵĴʻ㶼һ飬˵Щûйϵ㿪ʼԼƷˣ˴Ȼͻ֪Щʲô˼
ָ˵˴ֵиϵķ
ȵ˵꣬һʯй۲죬ȻƣԼվȥٻŮĹΡ
ԺУһʯͷĥá
ѩվ󣬼⽥ˣǶű˵ǽȥټĥɡ
˵ãѩһЩ϶ջϻŻ
ǰ˲ſѾ˼顣
׼׼ȱЩʯͷĥòˣܿ׼÷飬ܹոͬЩ鱾˴˶գ⡣

һȦмʵ㣬һβϡ
ȻǹϿΣҪڻͬ緹ġ
Էֵϵĵӣ¾͸ףͷҲܷһЩ
㽻ڳɩӲŻص
һžͼѾЩ˼湴ͼ鷿ļҲѾˡ
ϼ״¶ɫ
еſڵĹ߱ס̧ͷүүվſڣүү
˱ʣҲվոչպõøүү
ϡһ߹ӹƺõ￴˿
ȻƻǷȱ򣬵Ѿó˼
ϣ˵ʣЩ꣬Ȼ緹үүոһβѾɩȥˡ
ˣ
һ㣬̱˸ôҪôЩҪ졣
ʱѩŲѱӷźԺ󣬱һ£һ˵ȥɩӰʰãȴ
Ҫʲô˵ţһָϵϣѧ̵ģֲġ
󰡡˵οʣô࣬Ѿøôˡ
ѩ˻֣ȥѩЦӦһǣŲȥˡ
һͷһ硣
ȵ³Ⱥڵؽ̸֮ʱܰóȻৡһչһҡţһȻؼ뵽ǵ̸֮ȥ
ͬõĳһʼûע⵽ǵȷӵһȣĿͲɵñ˹ȥֽȵҡпд֡
ȵȣү֣ס֣ӲҪٻΣϵ졪
ʣ¼˵ĿҲеϡ
ǺǡҲϵֹͣȷ磬ܰһԵ
ǡǡ龪̾ᯰġ
˾Ѿ֪ᯰ漣£׷ײ²Ǳ˭ȥˣվȻϼᯰıʴ
ӡʵѵǡ
ͷᯰ漣ġġ
һ£ֻΧԵļλ۾һҲ⻰˶׷׳Χ˹

10.1ʼ
ᯰ漣, ˣ
԰, үһڳϣλҲһﻹпյ¥ȥ
дȥ, Ц
Ȼ, һ漣֮, עͲϵ˭ġˡ
ЦŵǸڳ, ɼл˿ȥ
һ׷׶¶˰ɫ
԰ԼȥˣǼҵ競ڼ켦ô벻Ҳȥ¥ǰȵ, ûлȥȻһЩų챦أ
ʵȥŵģ
ҡͷǣҼұ⡣СŮǰ˸ʦ, ͬѧϰ黭𣿡
֪̩ó黭ڳ˲֪˲
黭ڿԿ츳Ҫ֮, Ǿͷǵʦ̵ˡ
СŮԵɺϰ˻ʦ, ¥еŻʦȥġ
ʦ, Ӧͬʱһ, ǻʦ
Цͷ, ЦдŲԶĵ⣬ж˶Ľ
˭ǿһʱĻʦЩ伣Ѱ޴Ѱû뵽Сĺˣܹ¡
ʮᯰ漣ǲ˰
̩ܹһóôǮԼƫˡ
үͬĴײײսȤүǰ˽ǮŮ˰ɣ
ɿһȻʵⲻص㡣
תһȦֻصУҡӵҲǱģǻϼ͵ǸУСŮܹġᯰеľ衣
⻰Ĵǣ
˵һǮûͰ׵һ磿
ɱȸղΪ̩һǧȥҪ˼ʣ
ƼڲסĽʺޣֻЦĻմŮĹ⣬ܼᯰ漣ֲ֣ˣʱڸеĹ𻨿ãззׯ͹磬λһͻзᯰ漣Σ
˻棿
档
ã֪ү㲻Ѻöһ˶¹ٵʱһ絽
һ£ϵõġվĴ󳼶ƶϿ϶Լиˡ
ЩԶģͬϵ׽ģ⻰о˼ֲ
Ϊ׵һȦˣǲˬ
ʲô֣С˭ϡ
˵꣬ͼΧȺеԼ˹
æ˱飬װԼʲôҲû˵лǹô顣
û뵽ǣȴǷ룺磬͹⡣
ңԼˣǳͷô꣬лʲôʱȥ磿
ԱһЩõĹԱѾͬ˵ˣϲˡ
룬̬񲻾ζСүлóԸȢĿҽ׼ˣ
ԭû룬ôһҲе
ָԼʱŬЭлһ￴ҲлԼһƬȸ֮ģɿˡ
ɱȥᯰ˵öࡣ
ţϸҪ¶Цݣٿ˹ˣֻ

ʲô˼ֻȥ˵Ҫȥˣǹ׼ҵǲܳɣҪϣ
ԸոƨЩˣԼƨĵϣ׷εؿһ
үλˡԪߵܹ̫˹˵ү㵽鷿¡
ǵȵߵĶ¶ҪԼȥˡ
ǳΧͬŹֵͷһ͵λȥھȥ鷿ˡ
λ֣ܹ̫빪˵ү롣
ܹܣ鷿ԪſԼ
վ鷿У׼
ҪڼаôĴ󳼣Ҫͬʵ۹ġ
Ԫûĵһ֣Ͻ
ͣĶߵǰԪʾվýһЩʵᯰ㸮ջҪϯȥ磿ôԲޣ
Ԫ˵ǽʧؿԼ롣
ϡȴ˵ҪˣڳĻʲôȤ
УҪΧˮйͨʱо͸ڹвࡣ
ԱҲ֪ǲᯰ漣Ҳ֡
Ƕ˵޾΢
ǸС糼
Ԫ۾һҪ˵Ǻá͵ϧҲǳģűҲ˻ʦ¥¡Ǳʦñ⿴ѧϰţǵȹЩʱգٵһ۰ɡ
·Ԫ̾ϢһҲֻˡ
Ʋ֣еӵȥ粻ܸ£ӵܸ´򿪿
Ԫ۽ӹӴ򿪣д֣ʱᯰ֣㡪ԭ˵ġģһ룬תʵǱġģ
ǡµҲͳˣҲ졣
鷿һġϵ֡
дһΣлеֻб汸ᯰ
ŮŻʦѧϰ̣ѧɣᯰӡҲܸˡ
ͬ
ͣ˴գϹƲŴִš
ϰ˹պͼϣɫ磬Ͼĵ̹Ҳȡ˳űԼƤȡ˸ղŻõСϣγ˴ֵ
Գѧ˵̵գҲûҪһá
ָű⽫߶һŽбϲ˵ˣվ͵ɡ
ǣүү
ϸ̹ߣ׼ظ϶һ춼ʣϻصпɲҪŸϣڵ¿ۡ
һУҪĳ֣۾
Ҫȣ۾ҪҪǱΪѧ̰۾ˣǾ͵òʧˡ
űѩǿ
ǡѩӦһ˵ū澻úÿġ
ѩ˵
ȵϻ˸ţ鷿ﻭһյĹΣһϿʼֵ
ڵƻµһ룬ѩ˹˵ЪһЪ
ȫϣӦţţҵꡣ
ǶѩûĻֱִϷŵĵơ
ƹⰵĶҲͣѩѩٴʾ
ЭˣеĿ̵һϣڶѩùëϲɾ֣롣
ѩһջϻҲ˵ˣҿ㣬ùԣɲ۾
ѩһǿӲֲģֻЭãˡȻʣ㣬ѧ˵̣Ҫǵ㣬Ҫʲôģ
ѩĻһЦ˵㵽ʱ͸ҵС򣬾ҪڵϳԲݵӡ

10.1ʼ
鷿յ, û
ѩװʯϻͬĵ̹һ֮, ߴű鷿뿪㲻۾
˳ӵر˷Ͽһ֮, ͹ԹԵϴϢˡ
ѩ, ת뿪, Լ
һ, üһ밲赽ǰѩ㣬⼸ռ˯òȣ˵λءҾ͸ݺ趼׼˰裬Ǻܺúõ˯һ
ѩӹе룬ݺѾ밲, ڴһĨ졣
üϸ緢ע⵽Щ۾һ, Żü˵ллȻֵȻͷ˿գȥʵĹСʹ𻨸ǳԡ
ģüЦеص, һ밲, Ĺ𻨸⣬׬ˡ
׬ݺҲǰ, նѩ, ҿɴͷβǲǵġ
һЦ, ҲܿϴϨƣ˴˯
ҹĵģԺֻʣ·ƼյҹСѾҲʼͷһһش˯
ʱشһ죬һĨӰ˳
Ŵ¹⣬ŵشȣ鷿
˳˽ȥӶѩǰϵĹȡԼĵ̹ߣȻһ˿ռ
׹ռŮµӰڰһ˺ϡ
һпͬǰղ࣬ڳһʯԭλðš
ԼŵЩϹ߹ժһСƹϣ½ǲ˲ҧһڡ
ϻԼʯǰʼ淭ҡ
ҵˣһֵָģ״ЩСİɫʯ˳ˡ
϶ǶԵģһʼѧ̾ޱȳԣû˶һϵ
⽫ϻӷֳƬҶӵڵ£ʯ۲
һתϵʯһִϻӣó˹õıʣд˲ݸ֮ſʼ±ʡ
ռʱ仯Ըķֺʺϵ̡
ռţ㲻˯ڶȥҲһ㣬˷֡
Ǳһʼ̵ƷҪ͸ѩģ±ʵʱͽ࣬кüָģʵʵʯϡ
ȰɽϵСճԺ󣬱˱ʣ˿̵׼ʼֵˡ
Ͽգ羵
¹ҫŻʳǣҲҫųɽϵɽ¡
ɰɭɭĹɲеҹףλסԺÿÿĺ֮ʱ
ֻȴûĵֻҹ֮ʱڷԡ
еƻã˿ҲʲôЧ
ǿڴͷһŴһؿڣſھҵز
ĿԷ·ҪĸƢȫȳǷɫѾȾѪɫ
һԵĶҴ󺺿ԼˣԼȴܰʹ࣬һԽҵĿ֮󣬼۽Ƿ⣬Ҳһ
ʱͣÿڴߵûпοѪһۣɻصϡ
˲ĴϢܹȡ
άҲķеٴζѻ
Ƭ̣ǾҵĿֽһֱȣֱѪҺȾΪֹ
¥ͼתֱ£һƷҩҲЧ
ڴϣؿڻ˾ڴϵһʬ塣
ƻ𱻴͸ķ紵ҡҷһ£·ӵӰҲҡһ¡
һ֮ˣȥļ궼͵ġ
Ӧ˵ܹٹӲд⼸Ѿ׬ˣġ
ڴߵĴڵ̹Ҳġ
룬Լûսϣȴθģ
ѾôɽµŷĸۡȥҲһʱĹ
˾ģԴϵ˵ţȥɱŷͷ콫
ڴϵȴЦһǰһﻹһʬ壬ΪһЦֶ˼ֻ
ֻҵؿ֮ʱѪӿͨ죬ֻɫ԰ףΪԶֳǳ죬ֻڲһ
ҪԼķζȳʺľֻ˫
ɫͬƽһ
ʵȥɱҪƾʲôȥɱ
ϵʯͷһĦⶫҴ˵ȥˣһҲԽȥɣ黹лȥҡνȥܻҪ˽ҵʬ˻ضҡ
ϾԲҴϸֳǣڴ߶˵һҪȥܿͻ
̹ʦӴףֻҪˣϾлȥϣ
ڴϵ仰ʱĿȴһ
Ҵ󺺿ӴԼ̣ô
ӭϴ˿ȻȴȻһĿ⣬Ҵ󺺱󷢺ȴҲӭĿţϢȥ
Ļ䣬ڴϸղŻ˾һĳʵһǽĴĵ÷˳ȥصײϣѪ
Ϣŭ
ɳȥȴ˲ˣϥл
ΪոƽȥϢٴαֳڴֿʼԡ
û赲ѪҺЩѪʹָ
ϣҴ󺺻ŵعڵϣתͷҪȥѰʲôͣ¿Եķ
ͼƿֱ֣µѪӲѹ˺ѷεʹ⣬ϢԼ˭ţ
˵뱱ܣ̲һ
ҪӶҳǰܣȻҪŮݳС
ĬƬ̣ԼҪʲô
ϡҴæصǰܣԺٵ塣
ΪղûѾ¡
Ԫ۵ǻĸΪ̫󣬽̫ʮ١
̫ǧǽ걱ٰܲ£ʱǱܵĸС롢Ҳɳʹʱ˳
󺺼ǷһЩ˵жȻиУӶһ·ܣ£ϷſġúȹϣŲΪϵǡ
˵̹æӦһǣӵվ
һѪûмʱӣЩѪѾմڵ·ͷϡ
Ҵ󺺲ǵѪղȻȴûü
˵Եȣȥˮϴ
˳ȥЩؿ˴ͷ
ҪܲİΣҪһɱŷҲܰǣܰѸոտʼָĶһˮ
ʲôҲѵԼҪôʵȥ
յ˵£׸һ㣬͵Щ꣬ȴͬ˵ԼѾǵĳ
ڱ۾ٴδ򿪣ȴŲ
ֱ壬Լ̴ӣǶˮĶҴУ˵ϣǿŴʦˡ
۾ͼ̹ĿŴʦ
ӷ𡣡Ŵʦʩ
ʦڴͷͬһ񣬡ôʦǱʵڷԸ
Ҵ󺺽ˮԱߣȻΪŴʦ¡
ɽΨһܹϵģ¾ֻǰλʦˡ
ȵԺšʪӣڲɾմѪֲɾ˴ء
Ŵʦ֣Ϊ®бչգʩĲͶˣΪβģ
ڿһԳ¶һЦݣοӴʦһΪҰʼѾ˵βңֺαȥŴʦޣ
˵Ҵֻ˵һ
ʦſŴʦʦҽʦȾҼϣʦȾҼϣһ˵ţһڵϿͷ
ڴߵĵϳˮۣеѪ
ͷ죬ͷܿ
ӷˣʩӦǡ
ŴʦվⲻסͷĴ󺺷ϣ˵ǰ˵޷ʩ㣬ȻһĽҩãҪʩĲ飬ȴǿԵġ
˵ţȡһƿҩݵǰ

ʣµһȪġ

10.1ʼ
л, Ͼ綾Ȫ, ŴʦڽӹʱѾҪôá
Ȫֳݡ
һΪ̫ǿĵҩһеƿⶾʣµһ, Ϊڵ˲ôһƿ
⸲׵Ȫ, ŴʦһҲûԼϡ
ͬʶ, һΪʱ, µϾͬԻ˵һ˵Լûа취ҽκϵĲ֢
ڶԴжΪ֮᪻ĿŴʦչǶҵҽ磬ŴʦҲҪﵽֻһ㡣
ȡⵤҩ֮, վһԵĶҴĿƿϡ
Ŵʦƿҩȫκʩϵ˲̶ܴܺȵĻʩĲ顣
ܸŴʦʶã֪ɮ顣
Ŵʦް, 㲻˵Ļ
ƿУ¶ȱҪ
괹Ŀеĵҩҩ飿
Ŵʦ⼸ҩ®æľ
ǶҴŴʦĻѾ¶ϲɫ
̱ȥȡˮ, Ȼӹеҩƿ, еһҩ裺ϡ
ڽӹˮΪƿһ
ȻѾ˼ϣ, ڷµʱ, Ȼûб̱ܻϣ
Ŵʦ, ҩƿһжʮҩÿշһ֮ʩĲ⡣
ҴԿϽҩȥٴζԿŴʦصؿͷ
Ǽ٣Ǹϣ
Ŵ
ڷµҩƷҩеҩġ
òҽԳҩжʲôɷ֡
˴ƿҩͬһʼõЩͬС죬ֻв֪ʲôӳͬЧ
˿ҩЧδڿڴͷԿŴʦһ񣺡ĳڴлʦ
ӷ𡣡ŴʦӴվ˵ľͲʩϢˡ
ʮܲƽȣȵЩҩ֮ӦҲĺת
֮ܲлԵȬҪˡ
ŴʦԺӣվԺǽ£ͷߵ¡
ûжûĵȪôҪκ練ơ
ѾõǺȪĴ󲿷ֻ֣ʣôһ㡣
˶ҲóȪԼҲ˵ƳɵҩסڵĲ飬
Բȱ¹ȫŴʦջĿ⣬߬飬Լȥ
УԼ·ԡֻ·ɻ˻Ĵϡ
ղųҩԺͬԼõЩҩûʲôͬǵȵƬ̹ȥҩɢ͸еط֮ǹʹⶼǱҩƽˡ
ǶҴߣʹɫȥ±ðƽ
ʱڴϾǾΥȻ˳˯Ķʱ̲סһ¡
ŴʦҩţٽҩƿӻȡϲҩЧŴʦҽ˸߳
ͬʱֿҩֻжʮҽŴʦҲ޷ϵ˲
ҩСźãڴš
ĺҹȥ١

һҹжû˺ѷεĿ
ȵڶգûȫϵĴսڵĴͷ۾
һҹĶҴϣ
̧֣ʾԼԼӴ
ڿ͸ȼ֮ǰһжͬˣϢҲƽˡ
һҹĶҴԼˣ̹
æࡣ
ƿ˱ӴӴЬվ𣬸һڵУֶ˵ҩ˿̸оǰõʱҪɼ֡
ҴóҩϲصʦƵĵҩЧȥ׼緹ùԺٳһ
˵Žҩڣȥ
ȥĿٴҩƿϡ
оǼʲô֪ҩЩͨҩܹЧˣ
Ŀҩպãߵݽǵˮǰϴһһ·ԺС
µʯϣѾˣδҲ档
˹ʯǰ£ֵ̧˵ңɽµ峿ʧ˼յٴ
ͬ϶ǰϰڷš
û̶ӣڶ۲Ůɫ۾תͷȥڰڷĶѩǿ˿ûҹ
ǡѩū澽εģûڵ°ۡ
ѩĻϵ˵ͷŵ㿴үүҾ˵û˵˰ɣĸҹ˻ô񣿡
ϺһСѾͷѧ֮Ҫڼµʲôѣ
Ȼǲֻһ֮ԡ
˴ֵķϼõƷִϻȡһŮպõʯȡԼĵ̹ߣŮʾһԼڴֵһдġ
ϵĵ̹Ҳ¥̵ͨоһʹָ
⿴үүĶоͬ¥޸һ
ʯϹյͼӣϺܿͰִֵص˳ݵŮǰ
ֽӹֵʯ̳޵үү
ϱôһ䣬̲סֺһ
Ͼڴ˵Ͻ꣬費黭лڼ˾˵ǵǳԻֵ֮ʱ򣬲ŻԽѵùء
˵ʲôʱֵҲүүҸղڴֵһͿԳʦˡ
֮ǳԣҪӮҵҲǴ´ࡣ
ͷүүֵõë߷ϣʵǼֵǣ
˵æֲǱԣذգԭİȽ㾫񡣡
ֵ֮Ҫϸϵϸڶֳ
ֵ׼Ǿʽĵˡ
һһѧͬһͬ⽫еľϸ鶼֮󣬻ϱţԼԺĥ
鷿ϹȻͬһżԼ
Ͻȴȥй䣬ͷţԺ¥ȥˣ׼ȥɵôˡ
¥ϼӰֲˣŷ
¥ǽϣ¥ն¥ýҴһֱ⵽ɵٿ¥ơ
¥ĶҶ⼸յʧҲΪ⣬ҵȵ죬ϻٴ¥޸
ʱٿ¥һЩҪ˽볡Ѿ׬ˡ
ϡŷϣ΢΢һЦ̧ͬ˸һƣУ
ʣŷôôпգ¥Ҫʲô
ŷһߣһ۾ǰ˵Ҳҵġ
Ѿ֮ֻ
ŷȴ⳶һߣתͷʵҪٰ磬͹з磬Ѿ͵Ҹȥ𣿡
ȥ鷳
СͷƲƲ죬ʹ֪ȥ֮˵˻ὫзһͬʱùһԺζ񲻱ҪȥӦЩڵöࣿ

10.1ʼ
¥, ǽΧ, ڷָһռ䡣
īĶվǰ֣ͷ
ʥǻʥ
, Ȼ, ¿ʣµĲ, Ҳõʱжô
нŲ, ϰתͷǻϸŷ
ȸϵ˵ͷȻͬŷһ˵ŷˡ
ϰˡŷ̧̧֣ϵ̻ʶ, īĶǸȽģżһȺȾơ
ûô෱ȽڣѾƵǰȥ, ȥǽϵĻ
ϰվŷԣˡʱͼȥɽԶͼֻ˵, Կ, 㻹𣿡
ġȫӣԼ֮ű˻, , 㵱ͬһսܱ֮, ȫֽϣ޸ļ϶ǵö٣
޸黭飬һ࣬һ٣ֽͲͬˡϰǺǵЦЩǻڼգҲ˺ֽܶ
ҪûЩ긴ԭֽգ޸ô˳
е߻ߣŷֿԼĿ⿴ֻ˵ˣ⻭ء
ŷȻҿѾûܸˡ
ϵôƶڡ
˵˶١
ֻŷ֮Ҳûмڡ
Ƕ־ڡʱͼĻӦòŶԡ
ŷԼ˸
˵ţ˸Ĩӵơ
ŷЦһ֮ˣҪҶ֡
ϰǵĻʶҪվԶһЩ
üŷ⻰ʲô˼
µĻ˶ˣ
ŷȷϹ״֮󣬱¥뿪
ȻУԵȥʵܳæľˡ
ջ˳ˡ
ŷҪߣϰ񣬲ȫûӦ
ˡŷ߳ȻתͷԻ˵ڻͬ磬ǵдһ𡣡
ϱͬϰ˵䣬صƾʲô
ŷüȻ˶ЩҲȥصļһȥȻ̩ƷóʲôȤ
ҲԣһСѾͷܺʲôƣ
ŷеľƣǿ϶ֳ£ƽ׺ȲӦһá
īƹţҲȤкþƣôٵңҸеĳһֺòˣֻҵĳӽȥŷ˷һƾͺá
ӣȣ˭ϡ۾˵ϹԺеĳʤĳǧٱ
ʵɩҲǸѧԺ󣬳ղЩԶԶȲϼҵĴ
ϰЦҪӣôˣҾ˹ȥ
ϳòôõͦҲϡҵĳӣֽܿۡҵͽҲһ˿ٴȥīֽýֽ֪ôһ£ô
ϰһҵͽҡ̬ԭء
Ц֣ⲻǰļҵ𣿡
Ǯļֻ֦ͬǰ˶˰֮Լ֮ǵͽҪ¥һ£ֻҪͬһҴƽ֣ôļ䡣
ҪǴűȥīֽֽ񲻾ڳ־Լ磿
˵㰮ɲɡ˶ֵҲ룬ڸýĵңϹīھǣܿǿҸ֦ͬ
ŷվڼ֮ŻϵĻúЦ
ĳˢһմǻϵĹ⣬ڻҪȡᣬõ죬ҼֱǾˡ
ϰ̾һ˵ˣ˵ҪңɻҪǵ˵ģվһսϣҪӲš
ǵȻָգָָûߵŷŷ˶ţڻͬ磬ҼҺȾƣܹ
-
磬ʲô˵Ͷ͵Աһ죬ͳȥֺķһ죬ммȵ׼Ҫķ֮
ĥԼϯøһգмһվñϢϢ
ѧ̵ٶȣ˵ǼˣӦøŸ١
ȥ¥һˣѾ̳ԼĵһƷ
һŰײˣչֳԭɫ
Ժȥѩɩӿǿ
Ӵɩһ;òУΧȹϲһ񣬡ײˡǰײ˰ɣ
ѵİײ˷ϣǰײˡ
ɩӰײ˵Ŀ⿴Լƴͷģôܵô񣿡
СϵسͷľЩ߲ˡ
ǵڣĿռҲŰײء
ҹҹؼֳ߲ˣܹϤ
ѩ￴ɩӰСײ˵ݸվԱߵĶѩ񰡡
ѩ˵ͷűЦ
ǰԶѩ˵СҲڵˣûôá
ϾײϤûŹ
ѩ˵Ҫʲôϲ
仰ѹ۾һ˵үүˣȥӭ
һžͼ⣬ֻʣôǿŰײ˵ˣ
ˡԼƷүү
ϽӹһҶоҶӣص
һǶ԰ײ˷ǳϤ۲ϸ΢
òôֿһ˵ˣûȥɡúðײ˲һ͵úܽ
ӦһСײ˻
յúãϽҲûͷ˱ȥ
صԺʱ춼ûڣóԼڿռֵǸСߣﴧĦţһ߷ᣬ
ŵʱ򣬱һԼԺԷݺüԱΪˡ
˼żţͼһڳԲˣһֻڲͣĦǿʯȥЩ߻ħˡ
ϣЩʳ֪ζ
ȵ¿ӣеԼ״̬һĳ̶ȣ鷿׼ʼϸ׹
ݺͻüһۣСѾʰʣµĲȣȥҶѩ
ѩΪѣͬԼ˵ѩ㣬ոճԷڲͣʯûôá
ѩͣ˶
صԺҪ㣬࿴ű⣬Ե̡
û뵽ˡ
ѩת˵ҽ·ãȥ
˵뿪ȥ鷿һžͼſ̵ǰȫעصϵʯ
ѩԭʯͷ£ǿű·еľ˿̵ʯӴһϣСʱУԼһԺӵĽﻭһ
ѩƬ̣ûн˳
ȵϴʱ̣鷿Ų֨ѽһ򿪡
ܳҼ˶ѩõ׹㿴ϲϲ
ѩͷԼһŰɫ׹ӣһֻСɽʯϣлŲݡ
ȻһεЩãİײ鶯ѩЦ
ϲ̧ͷǰڴı˵ϲýȥѰڲϡ

10.1ʼ
СԺ, ˽, ˶ѩĲϡ
Ůѩһģ˼ְס
ССһ·½ӳ֮, ż, ԴԴɢů
ѩ, ̲ס̧ȥ
ȵҹ˯ʱ, ûȥˡ
˵Ҳֻ֣Сѩҹ˯øⰲȣͺƺ˰衣
˯УҲȻЦ⡣
С֮, ƺ͹񫣬첻öѩߴҲػ˷Ͽ˻ϴȥˡ
ȵΧһȥ, žУڴϵŮ۾Ȼһڴʧ
׹ռŮֳ
͸ѩСʱ, ҲѰһԼȤ, Ȼ湴ͼֵһ, ҹ, Ǵĵá
߰ŵҶ, ǿѾ߳εͬûеԭʯֿá
ͨףмⲱϴŵһŵ糺졣
⽫糺÷ʯıֵ֦ɣȻ÷ϵСˡ
״Сպʺһö壬÷ֻҪٵСˣǼ俼鹦ġ
Ÿտʼѧ̣һСľͰС˵ĲӵԳЩòٽ޸һ
Сϸȵ꣬ҲǿǿóһһŮȴǿհһƬ
尼͹һϣ˲÷֦ϣ·˵
úˮʯϴϴȻ϶⿴
Ҳ֪Լô뵽Ҫˡ
Ͽ̵ׯɽ÷粢ŵСˣȻϱӵˡ
˵ѾûаᰵϢˣ֪ʦߵʲôط
ŵûô壬Ҳ֪͵ȥ
̾һԼ򲻵ҵļ͹ˣŴĺɰȡ˲ɫ˿У˸ɫģСﴩϴ˿׼õС顣
⴮õߵ˺ߵߴǿֲ֦£˸֦ȥ
ֵʱ򣬱Ϳ֦Ͱ֦ϣ֦ͬһҡ¡
ü䣬̧
ʲôʱټᰣ֦Ͱ֦ϵȡ͸
-
ӵԺ󣬱ͷſ֣ʱ˺ü
ô¥ͨʯģҲôӿռڳĺġ
һűĴ𣬵֦ģ
ڰƤĹ֮䣬һ۹ȥֲЩģĸġ
еͬ׽ģõ
õһֻɺ׵壬ܵ񹤿ãŮΪԼģ̾Լӣͻˡ
͸Ѫɵӣʲô򣬵Ƿ
͸Ҳ壬ӣԢƽҲԢŽڽڸ
ΪڻһöôǿŰײ⣬̵õһˡ
͸ľͲˡ
лôǸı˱ˣҲı˺ܶ˵׹һʹģȻлδʲô죬ô꣬ҲûøժǾΪֻ׹˹𻨺ܡ
лнҪȥμǣܸ𻨵׹ǱõףԸ
ϣ˷󸹬۹괺Ǵչͼ
մֻ̫յһִĥı顣
ͬյһֻǳûм«
СͷıЩֽӹʱ򣬱Աߵ««»顣«»񣬸үүʺϲˡ
οֻ«ʱΪϸĵص̳һ«Ҷӣû͵ֻҲֻˡ
ϲ⣬ˣĿǱǼʯ
ŵѾõġҪ͸үүľ񣬽ڴˡ
װϻһ򿪣ϼͷӤͷôʯĿʱ벻ˡ
ĺĸͷ񴫹Ҳģ
ٿϻӣŵȻͷûһô󣬿Ҳϡɫͨ͸ʵؾȣ¡
СѾͷӵôõϣѹֶЩСһЩȫϣ־ִֵصЩСĴ͡
ۼ⣬ƼԼ«ִѩһʱֻСҲﻬ˳
Щȷϵ
ͷЩ
¸ϻӣ˵ãүү㱣ţԺʦˣҪʦ֮ٸ㡣
˵ŻһתָŶѩСҲ̫ѿˡ
ѩԣһ̧סԼϹҵİС
ûǶԱ˵ղѧģͽôô򡣡


Ժͬ˾һ𣬵Ҫõߡ
ڸһȦҲû¡
ֻڼõʯ¥ϻ񣬹ϿĿռڳҲûʲô
ν˻ü͹ڼûзϣֻһԡ
ϲǣϣZҲҪ
лڼлԨѾ볯Ϊ٣ڳҲԼ֪ѣɳȥӣһҲǵͳȥġ
ҪZԼĸȥлԨԺӣͬ˵Լʵµĵģö
лԨΪȻӦ
οйһζһʲôҳԣ״Ʋ磬ͻзZ
˿ܶлԨƤӣɹܼܳͳȥ
ZһݣлԨ϶Լֽġ
лԨĻشûʧһߵͷһĵģ˵ˡ
˵ZԭӲţȴŴӦġ
ţϲȴû¶
ӵлԨƷƵĵģ̱ԼԺӣһθζ֡
ɣ黹ûǴֽţֻĻӵıĨһЩպãֻǾòҪϯ
ȵ˸µĴȻµֶڵ
ɣһõҩֱѬиõˮС
ǵҪͬʱӴҩҩԲŻᷢ
ZմȾѬ㣬ֺˮΣȻȻͻж
ɣصεԺУ΢΢ɳƣ˵ҩһһִ
·鶯Դҩ
ʱҪZθ͸ˡ
ջ˼ص¡
˾ڸٴȷϸڣڸ֮Ҳûǡ
˵з׺º˾ƣҲҪܲסġ
˵úȴף̲סЦ˵öԡ
μתԼԼ˵ɩӣεȵϸ緢
ĸ˵ǡ¶Цݣͷǰ˵ɩܼҵı±ҪǿҲţ⼸ĸˣ֪ʲôʵ
˾ھѾ뵽һڣʱкҩЧҲҼ֡
εĿѾZϣ˾鷳ֻ˳
˾ҲãԼ޸ZҲ첻ô
ס֣˵͸ɩߣѧѧ
Ȼûᣬθ˾Ѿе˼
½ҵףʮа˾׼Ӧˡ
ڿʼҪӽѧϰ񣬵ռ޹ȥźһ㡣

10.1ʼ
Ļ, ǲ粵, ƹܹһ󹬡
Ҫֶ˾δرȵù
գĻ˾߸, һѧϰӡ
ֻһصԺо;øۡ
СѾ߱н紷, λ۵ĲӸ, Լ齹귴, Ӧڽˡ
ʱµڱѾкü죬ھǰվӵʱ򣬶Լð˺ɫС
Խա
ҪȥZôܹԼϳֶ
, ó¶ʥҩϵСϣȴȥ
翪ʼǰһ, Ҳ˱ļ٣ûڻͬԺżЩʯǴ¥һˡ
ڼǽɵүүⳤĻǰһ, һͬ˵֮޲Ҫ㡣
ǰŷ, ¥ģкЩʱնûڡ
ʱ, Ȼ, ɫȼǰѾ, ·µһ
˻ϸƺЩ⡣
ȿǽϵġʱͼԺڱԼ֮ҪǮܰʱͼûϡ
ŷھԵûôԵһʼǡʱͼСɽԶͼԱߣҲû˵Ҫһߡ
ϱֵ⻹ǵҰѻ޸֮˵ɡ
⻨һٰʮ۸ֻǲлļ۸ɻϳ޸Ȼǲͬļۡ
Ҳˡ
ûͣΪ֧ܿͬϸǣ뿪¥ɽȥ
ϸվ¥ڣүүԼ˵㿴ûŷôˡ
ǰ¥ŷ˵Ҫڻͬϯȥ˵֣ʵϻ֪ͼıʲô
±֪ġ
֪īĶҲҪ֣үү˳ƸԼҪ˻ᣬīĶȥһ̽ϼҵֽ
ǧѷĺûᣬŷ˿ڣīĶҲܸŴȤȻүүҪôһᡣ
ԴϿŷȫǶ£ȫˡ
һɣصУȻûүүõĹΣ⻹ֽġᯰġ͵˸׵鷿
ڶգϯ֮ڣٴα
ﲻǰûŲļҲλͣ
֮࣬ӳ׵Ҳˡ
ͷиָĸڣ˾ٳһУǱҲãҲãΪɡ
ϯʼ֮ǰһʱҪȲĴǸȥרڳᯰ漣ġ
˵ͬһ𣬶ŮǷֳɼȺƮŹ԰ʱ˾㰲ŮŸɫĵĺ͹԰дıҪˣֱӱԽŮȥ
ͬһȺվһ𣬾һͺ֮ǽһ󣬵˵ǴģҲòҺܿҪ޵½ȥûʲôϵǾͣߡ
ҽãΪץס˻ཻͬȦڴδбڵĳϣǸ⡢ƽ幫ôһСȺŮһģνɷˡ
ĽܽͲһˡ
һţھͽǸСȦӣֻܸߣҲмȻ
ԣüԶŮ߹Ŀ棬ͷŵ÷ǳ֡
Ůˣ̱˹
޳ָһö÷У÷ֹʣ̱˶̹࣬⼸ӰεƣҲȥһЩ
ŮվԵļҲ׷˵ģȻ˵ǰʤֻҿ벻Ҳˡ
ɼ˾޽Ƕ۰ΣôʢһϯȫȨٳ֣㲼˶ķ
Եܸϱ޽Ŷ±Ȩֵ÷Ȩģ
˵ţﶼ˾Ľˡ
ܽոռôһ̵ģ֪ʲôǸȡһö÷
һУͱæ÷˵ôҲԣ
üء
ܽҡҡͷֻζʧˡ
԰ӵһͷϣֻͷԵĻüһ䡣
üܿ콫׼õ˹
ϻӣֱӽִȥˡ
Ϸſڸ˵ֻŮȽ԰ӡ
һӭ˱⣬衱ʱЦտ⣬þ迴ţղǱֱøÿˡ
֪ÿμԼ˵Ļ֮ǲ롣
ǲԼڿռľˣǵЩʯʱ䳤ˣӰ죿
Ӧòڣλ仯ΪȪһջ۲ųױ˸ˡ
ϻЦеؿ
ͬԼ׽ҲͬһУ̬ͬԼȫһ
ţִ̧ӱķһϸС仨ȻʵСžʲôʲôҪľ˵ҪʲôСûеģֲѰģȥѰ
ҲЩȤһѺ֣ȻҲֹеΪ֪ѡ
ҡҡͷûʲôҪѰģжҪ͸衣
ϸеԼ֣ȻһȦӾͱ׵Լϡ
ǡ̧˿Լ϶һӨӣһȦ鿴ϡһͲͨʯģִ·׹СС
ָ⽫һһʯ񣬶һֻ
ʯǺɫģɫġ
ҪǲϸֻᱻʯҶӡ
ɫ˼Ȼ񹤻Щ׾ֻԵִԽɰ
ڱϻӵĻü˵ýо˷ãʱڸʦѧ̣˺Щ̫үӻйǣﶼһ
ԭ
Լ׽̶ȾȻǸǲŵģֻлϲ
ӾģԼһãͼסˡ
֣һҲ˳ϸŸտʼѧӲãҲֻͣžңҵòãҲһỶϲµġ
˭˵ãȵ֣˵ʯ𣬵öáʲôã
һЦЩ˼
üֻصؾ˷˵ĻʯӣͬһͽжӶร
һ㶽ţ΢죬һȴҲ̲סЦ
Ҫһӣ
ˣҪٱ˵ˡ
ҲǱͷһֱŵġ
Ϊ˽⸸ϵĶѾǰ¶ȪˮܣĶٽȪˮǰ
ʯԵƷʱʱߡ
ͳ˼֮󶼲ʹߣ˿иоʲô仯
ѩε֢״ʧˣ˯ðȣͷʹҲûٷˣ̫Ǿǰδеĺãɼһܹ˵ġ
ţ˵ҿˣ˵ҵúãǿҪʱʱš
ŴšЦţ˯Ҳժ

10.1ʼ
԰
ڷᯰΪкɻ, ͨ, Ŵһ򿪾еĺɻ
ʢʱڣ˶ϲ, ڻɻʱҲһǰա
Χģǵ, ٲȻǰѳϵݶˡ
ʱ, ZվطԵøĺʡ
λڴˣԪۿ˴˴˽ᵳӪ˽, ԺҲó˵¡
һʼԼĶӰ, Ҳ
еڷᯰ硣
Ĺв֪˶õ֮ǰ¶ݡ
վ, Ѿ鷿е翴˲֪ٻ, Ҳ֪Ħ˶ٴ, ܴδοµ, ȴЩμᯰ漣Ĵһ
ͷ, źȥ
ЩʢʢĺɻҶڴήˣںֻк
µʱ, ϡһЩʢĵĻ졣
ᯰ¼ϵġдҲһƸʫ¡
ڴ˿̿ԵΪӦ
˿һʱϢ, δг
Ǽᯰ֮ľ֮ټ绪ïĶʮʱдµġ, жɵùʱ緢ģ, ͬɬʱڸಡ齵ʱ˱Ƚϡ
漣, Ȼᯰ漣һ߿һźʱƷ˸ӶٴȻ
ԵӦ͵֮ʱڵָӵ緢Ⲽ䣬ʵѵãѵð
˷׷׵ͷᯰֻʮ꣬˵ͶҪСһдȡõĳɾ;ѾԽǴˡ
˿̼漣ڳϼеӣԽġúãѧ߳ɡ
Ȼǰسġ֮ǲжлɵġ
˿źЦվһԵ˵ү˵׻ǻʦ͸̩ģΪʦİͽʦȻѾΪᯰʷǽҲһʦķ⣬ʦڣǲ뿤˵һ˵
˵ˣڳϸһǿ׳顣
˵ʱվһԣ۾棬
ߣСүҲһ۾𴦿Ŀɨʱ۽س鴤һ¡
ʱ򣬷˵һֻЯŷһӱ
ȴûѶҲǿ׼ǰҲ˸ȥ
鿪ڣѱй⻳ʲô˼֪ܲ
ƫƫϺһھͲȵʹ㣬һȺ󳼶۾һڴؿ͵ŻʦΨһĵӹ˵˵ᯰ漣
ǡһһԵС˵ȥѿ
Сȥ
˺԰԰ͬ˵ı⣬̿첽ǰүСкɻȥ
Կϣ϶˵үˣȥɡ
ǡŴŻüӹ԰뿪С˹ţһߵĺ԰ȥ
ű뿪ϲһȺŮҵСŮȻ˹ȥ
űִ׵ĶڼĸһҲͬԵ˵ˣֻվԭصš
ȵĸһǰĸ׵ִִ֣Լǰ˿ۿĸףǱ͵ģʲôã
ϵСӼҼôʲô
˵Ű˻Լżֻϲʯһ
Ǹиģ⺢һеȾͺˣһӷô£ҲǷ׻ôиĺӣԼ⡰Ӷร˵ԼҲմĸܹóԸӡ
ĸףһģУҲС
˵̧½ϸϵĿ½
ϵѹ󣬿ǴӴķɫһ񣬷ӦԭǱ͵ģѹŮϡ
ĸŮţ̲סЦ
һ˶Ե˱͵Ϊˡ
ָ̧Ů½ʲôʱģõûл񰡣
Ȼеġ
˱һϻСȻֵǮǶŵǸδǰйȴûеġ
Ķ⣬Ȼǰ顣
ȥ޷ı䣬ѱǰȱĶظ
ȻôһСϻ⿪ĵúܡ
˺⣬ЦСŮķ٣˵͹ˡ
СŮʱҲԼĴŮ
ܽôͲ֪ãͬ׽أ
ţ˸δһĴŮȻ̾һ
ܽÿ򣬼ͬĸ˵Ȼִĸ׵ʧĿ⣬ʱ˶ʧ
һ߸ղҲǿűϵġ
ּ֮űⱻߵС˽ȥȥкɻ
Ǳ߶󳼻иҿ壬ӸĻӣ˭Ҳûлȥֻбȥˣǽ˼ʡ
ο⸱ȴ޷˵ڵӣԼƽǽ¶Ҳһ
һţһ̧˲豭һڲ衣
Լǲ籦⣬ЩǸȲԼŶȤ
ǼʲôأᣬΪ磬ûڻڸԼŽҪʲôء
ȻǼ˾Լһȡ
ͷӦŵβŶԣôô⣿
ţ˿̩ܽܽĵ̣СĴȥһȦĸ׸öˣأ
ܽڰȻˣⳡȴˡ
˵һۣؿڵĺ˶еģ
Ļ̧̧ƤҪô˵Ҫݺһô
Ƿ˵ǣѾ¶һ㳰ŪЦ
δٿڣܽ˵ǿȫûҵġִͬѲ䣬ûȻҲȻҪǿ
ʻԭִ򿪸ӣȻٰѻϣû뵽ȴ־ܽ˸ӡ
˵ˣ˭Ҳ˵ûյ͵
ֻͬһʼֽͬˣǱʲôΣҲܽһûд𣿡
֮õĸܽһ˵ǣǾͽЩˡ
ȵͶ˵ֶΣж
΢΢һЦ̧ȧЩߵŮ֪ϲӣҵһ԰ӰڼͷҵԺС뿪ۣȵϯ֮ҲͬһԺȥһڼˡ㲻飬֣ᯰ㿴ǿöġ
һ䣬Ů͵ͨ졣
ջĿ⣬Ķȴкɻᯰ漣ڸһ䣬Ʋ԰ˡ
԰һΪұΪŮõϯλб
ͬһŹ԰Z̲סվֱ
ǵȿҲˣξ͸еһ
ǲĿ⣬һ˫һ۳ɨ
ȼΣһü¶ζı顣
r
עںţ ߼²ѯС˵~



ϲĻͻӭں˽ORۣԿ~


   
ÿ±С˵Ƽ С˵ԴѯֻҪں̨ظؼּȡ

@΢Źںţ߼² עңģС˵ˣעɻúԴ

ƷԻͼ飬ַߺϷȨ棬˽ϵݰȨ
s
10.1ʼ
ű𻨿á
һ, ˮ, ˳µˮԶƮȥ
ղűекɻȥ˸Լȥ˼, վǰͬе󳼡ӿؽ˹¡
ŮöˣҲö˼֡
, ڳʱ, ǮļҾѾ˶϶
ڰͬʱ¥ͬʱҲһ¼, ĵڶдᯰ, ڵһľ
ǲʣµģҪôǱ, ҪôûչʾƷ
ͬ漣, һᡷ
ᯰġԭֻǻֽ, ȴƳ, ɽƷ, ٵձڳ
λҵƷᣬԼɽ˵Ĳ
ĹѨǮļҶ˵ûоƶ, ֮Աǡ
⼸Ϲһմϸϵ, Ըɴ˵˼ݲ
ؼеĵһգС˳ߴ, ġһ顶, Ӿͱȥ˳, ֽ֮׸˳Ԫۡ
֮գġġΪ˽ա
Ů˵϶̧֣֮˵ϯͿʼˣȳԹ󣬴һԻͣҽһ׼ġ
ġ
֣˾뵽ӡ
ʾСһġչҿ
Լд֣ᯰ漣ǲĻ򣬱ôͬҫЩ˼
ĿԱһתͼվԵСү
˶ڿ磬ڿġʱֻСүԱ֮ĿһֱϡŮԼҲȻڸ߸ߵĸģͻ¡
⿴Ҳʱͻͻ顣
Сү˼ҲûϨ𣬱ʶƿĿ⣬ԱһͬZײϡ
ZͬվһվͬΧ˾ǲһ
ĿZ䣬Ȼ΢΢һ㶡ǲԼ͸
ôĻϣ
Z˳Ԫǰӣټ˿ִġµӦǳŮֱʡ
ǰָӿZĿŮָɨ˵ѧ̣Ĵ͡
лԨöƽ壬ԭϲúܣͬZдʱһûѿغ롣
ѣڵˤ룬ڹе˶ͣĿ⿴ɳϵ塣
ZİЩ꣬лԨĵ£ȻϧٺõܹɽҲơǻʺҲãZߵ̴ҲãĻӴôһö塣
Z˵˵ۣдУһЩ⡣
Ҫ־͹ûнȽһԣлԨԼôһﻹʮֹⲻȥ
ˣ
лԨ͵ðһ⣬ԼZ
ZĴ壬еʯ󣬴£һžͲɿ֡
лԨ˵Ūϲ壬ϲ㡣
Z̧֣ĵ壬ֵǱ͸ҵģԴӵԺҸеԼͺ˺ܶ࣬Z㿴ôùܸˣʹϰɡ
лԨԼͷҪҪһö塣
ʢȴZŽԼĴˡ
磬̴ӸѡǡҲö
֪лԨûи⽲ת¡
лԨѰֺãٸԼĻˡ
ҲǳʱԻһ󣬺ܿʶǶת͸ġ
Zγ־Ϊ˱ӣҲҪɵһ
ڶԼĸͷٸһǡ
˽ġһ飬˵ܹõ
ЦеصͶо˭Ӯˣ԰ġߡ
ݣֻݣ
ȷԺһ󳼶̲סүҲ̫Сˣô׼ݣ
ҲֻбŻôˡ
ġһݣǱһϵĹΣݣķϡ
ҪǽﶼһߣǵǺãʡٵġĹ򣬿Ǳֲ۶ϣ
С˽Ǵһġ˻к뿪кɻԲȥ
ŮһȻȥͬһ
һֵϯˮ˿һƼȺͽзͱһһֵ
ÿһѾߣžɵзǼιҪзķСǣۡ
ϴ֣ڸɾϲϵˮֳ֣з˼ѾѾззⶼȡ˳װСεСǡ
ŵұĶѾߣŵ߱㶼Щ忡СˣͬЩѾһɾ䡣
ߣұϡһϾôһСģҲãҲãз⣬մ˽ףι
ⶼ߲ܣȫˡ
ЦеؿŮ˵з⣬ҲȱµĻƾơ
ӦһȻüȡ˾Ɑϣվ
˼ٱδϯվԵȵ˾˵ʢãɩҲûһȾɩ
˾ĻЦҲ̧ΪԼһơ
žƱһĹ˺ͱ˵ϯһǰ޵ģȲ;ĸ׺ͷһ
˵һͷľƸˣٽƱŻŮŵϡ
зҪֳԲźá
зĵòˣ˾ȥȡ
£ôɩӸеο
ͬķǴǰ˱ĲңּЩͷԽĳ
Ŀۺ󶼸߿һۡ
Ůޣֻ¸Ļӵ¶Ҫˡ
۰ŮޣȻҲǲԶ޵ģЩʳ֮ұõѡˡ
ʮ֮У𱳾ǲԶҲԶ
Ҳζţ˶лᡣ
лỹȡֲɵ
˿ˮУĸƷʳⲻһ磬˾ҲϯǸλҲˡ
һһķ˾˾ƣŮźЩз⡣
ϯ䵱˶˵ĸҪˣⳤϱţӡӵһ£ϲ磬̨Σһ꣬ϱΪ֦ɢҶоҪڸˡ
з˼ԡ̵ĺЦЦ˵ӵ䣬ҪͷΪҶ⡣
˵η˼ȻԺգھȴڸ֮ߣΪĹС߱ýɾ˲ٺԵ
һ˵ηڴӦ˵ˣȻ⡣
˵Ŀһת䵽˱ϣ֮ǰ½ѾףС㣬С֮ǲҲá

10.1ʼ
η˵͡
Ҳͬ, ȻǾǱҸݷּҵĹϵ, ͬھУ, ֶôһͬڵĹϵ˷ҪһЩ
ηͷ̲סӹһ˿Ц, æԼ顣
ԶýȻ, ʵҲʲôֻҪͬ࿴ʱ, ѹһѹ, ̧һ̧Ҳˡ
ϥ¾ôһ, Ҳû, м򵥵úܡ
ҪǼ޹, Ǿͬһ
Ȼǰ, ΪԱ⶯, Գࡣ
ȢȻҲ籦, ͬһҪ檡
㣬ʤһ, ˾öӻлܹóԸġ
ŮӸбǱ߸ԶΪ˷߶, ˾֮ҲŵԶ, η˵, ǲرŸڵĹŮ
ηϵҲ˼׷׷˿Ӵ㿪ڡ
ϧûڣϴһ죬Ȼһ
ǳķȥȴǱԼֱߵıյ
ĲϣѾ߾һ
û¡վ˶ȹǿԵĲա
ұȥ糺һƬһΪոη˵Ļ˼ˡ
Ҳηѻ⳶ϣŮţ϶Ҫ˼ģʲôӦԶԡ
ڼôѲŪԼϣġ
Ů˵ôôСģȻĻü˵ȥ·˰ɡ
üӦǣűֱۣǻȥɡ
һ˾䡰ʧ㡱ͬüһ뿪ϯ䡣
һ󣬹Ůۼ֮ο
ĨҩǶ֮һֱڵűʧ̬
ǵôãôз⣬û¶Եɫβɵ룬θôƵģ
ڼűϯЩԼͬעǸţôˣ
һ˵ţһ¶ĵı飬Ҳ˵ҹȥ
һߣߵλҲһ
׷űȥӰо룺ϸŰͽᣬѹ˼ҵۡ
ζվԼԵŮ˵ȡЩзŵ㽪ס
һߣҪ̸£͸ſЩ
飬ԵЩӦӲϾ
˾ȥ׼ôˣɲҪߵˡϡһ
ɵöһ٣תͷԵķˣеʵôˣ
˿ӣһС֪ģЩ
˾Ŀϡ
зȻ˾Ƴԣ˴ųԵĸЩԾͲˡ
˾ȷûд󰭣һŮȥ
ͻȻ˲űתע
æʵôˣ
ް˾˵Ļ£бǱֽ˶
˳Ǳ߿ȥüλȺС˷ŴҴϯ
ôˣ
˾վĸײȥ
˵ͷ˾ϯƹСˮһߡ
бϯĿλЩԡ
зҲӦͬʱô˶е
ĿӹԼķֵܶö˶˵ӸĻҲûд󰭣ֻǼλΪ곤Ĵвļ󣬲Է
֪ߵֻ˵˾ȥ
û£дб޻
˾ӦǣȥеĴ򣬶ΪףԼĽ̳Լȥҽ
һԵøЩûʲôЦ
˵үżǼλ˳ԵÿˣԲŲأͺˡ
ɤӣҲǰ㿴ǲû£˶٣ֵǼôһѷܹȥ֪᲻Ϊλô
⻰˵һȺ˶̲סЦ
˵ˣżλ˲ڣǸϽʼоɡ
ôһѣ˲ġ¡
Ǽ˼ݵϴˣԼʤĻǴ
Ƿ׷״ߴ
ջԾûܵŵӰ죬˾ͬһ񣬻صһߡ
ֳ֮⣬ŮǾۼҲճĸλá
׷űȥ⣬ʣµ֮оȻΡ
˾ǱߵŮʵСҲ
ŮӦСͬλСһҲǺȻӲǱϯ
ֻλСǱȥŮĸ´ӦǻԼԺӡ
á˾˼ţ˵ͷ
ܿͻǲڶ˵ʲôġ
һо綾㲻ε£ڳԼ⣬˻ٶЩӰ˾Ժ󣬵һβٳֵϯҪǳʲôҲý
̫ϲ֣ȥ֣Ҳͽš
Ůһ·ͣߵȴʱβżɣ
ɣһŷŮˣС㣬ȥɡ
ŮӦһǣһ񣬴ԭ·ء
ɣ֡
ڵҩѾЧˡ
ǿбǱ˶ųϯ
˵ɣµҩ࣬мҲֻʮ˻зӦΪժԼҲͬ뿪λ
ɣãʣµıǵš
в֪Ϊмֲ
̧סɣ֣ͬȷϵZϣĨҩ𣿡
Ȼġɣƿ֣ţд
仰βŷġ
˴Ÿ֮ȥߵһŵʱαֵ˳ȥ
źһԴԱʯƵΣ԰˵С
һʯ֪ΪθеСһ׹ͣЩʹ
ƺһ̧סС
оֹܿȥ
֣Լ岻ϱȪųԶһзƣڱ㲻ˡ
ϣZܾ
԰
ZŸղǼλȥ½
ǰŵѾһ飬˿ȥûʲô󰭣ִ֮ҾȻԼڵʱ˾ϴ˻ʮط˲ߵҪ
ˣZа
ڴʱȴȻ˿ӣҲ¶Щʵı顣
磿Z̿ʵǲ
ûʲô󰭡漴վ˵λˣʧһ󡣡
ȻѰһԵСˣΪԼָ·
һϯˡ
˵߷ΧڣĲĻЩȵһ뿪˵ҰתԼһС˵·ʶظ
СȻЩǣ˵ҲֻӦǡ
һ̤ȡ
ûв˿ϯǷżβ뿪ͬһȥļλ˶ˣȴӰȥһ
һڼɽ˶סԺǾûټ
һʱæڳҲûΡ
Լ֣ҲǲԼ
ᯰ漣ûʲôȤλӦлڼ磬Ϊ
Ⱳӻûô˱֮ЫԽܿԽԸ
ߵһǰ۽ǵƳǹź¶½ǣһ۾ϳνմģһǸ˹ȥ

10.1ʼ
, ڴЩɻ, ʱ㣬ZӦù˲ǡ
˵Ų, ԼȵٵʱʱʯվϴϲαЦת, е
ǵǰ˭ʱ, ϵЦһȥˡ
ıӸղŵϲһӱĮȻл˼ֽ䱸, ֻúЦ
εҲ, Լô㣿
Ϊ˭
ߵǰĿΧѲӹ, , ʵ, ΪZ𣿡
֪ܲʲôֶ, Щһ󶯾Ѳ˸ϵ
ֱƽһ, βȴϺȡ
е¸׹͸̸, ˵̾ͱȥ
ȥѾʯԵ, һƽ˾Ϸ
ɫض, ʵʲô
ŵؿ, εһƳ
Ůķ˿ɢ, ƳڴߣȻ߳ƻص㡣ĵܣɽ¶Ҳһ𣿡
᣺ôʲô˵һѴָԼͷ̧һָ֮ķ򣬶ǰ˵ȥµĻ·ǱߣҪǰۡ
ÿʲôǻļƻ֮չȥͻԽƫԭĴ㣬ϴɽһ
ZûΪԭ
϶ǹġ
˶֮ǰţӵķңİܱʣϱʧܵľڴˡ
ⱲӿֵʱѾΪʧָ˹ϵ
Ϊ֮ƣǾԶЩ
һξزZҲҪȥˡ
βԼõZˣ̲סЦ
θеСʹڱԽԽԣټǰ˵ѹȣֳʯϣ˳˾γһơ
ZΪܹ׿ʲôѡĵطǸĳԽǿξԽǵĻᱻ˿Լ˳Ϲϵһ
ÿ̧֣ȥǰȴһɽһƲϵֱץס˱뻳С
ˣνеʹԽԽ
˵ǲʹֻܻ˷ʽǰΪ˵ſңҪҪ
ҪҪɵ
ҲҪһ˫һǲҪֶζҩʧҵʲô
΢΢Լ˵Ժҿһֱûǹ㣬ѵһҲûң
뷴ԼôǴ֮ÿһɱһ˰ˡ
֯һټ±˷֣һʱѪӿеǰһڣ˾ͰŸĴʹȥ
ԭ붺ееһ̱ס
Σεѡ
Ůıۼ䣬ֻǱ۾ǱʹϮͷ亹Ҳò԰סıǶ˻ŵһصѪ
üһѱķȥ
ȼŵŮ֮ûǼԼʲôɫֻ˵С԰εˡ
ӵУôһֱСҲףŮӦ֮æͽһԺӣӰС㱧˽ȥȥϯ
˾Ů԰εֵʱ̧ͷŮһۣȻ뿪
ϯ֮⣬˳ĵģ˳ȥȥҲûʲô˵ע⡣
ϯǺܿͻֻεɴС
ߵһ˸սӣӹڳҽ˾ҽͬȥ
ҽԣͷӦãȻ͸˾ڵԺȥ
ΰٺԺҲȻԺû뿪
ǰӣûнǷȥȴ洫ȻЩŮҲڳѪЩҡ
ŮѪֹкЩܡ
ҲڣҲΪ
ЩйԼĸʵĺӣֱԼĸֳȥŮӡ
֮ôɾֻлʺӻŮǶ֮⣬ʣµľֻб׷һλⲻΪԪЩûˣЩ˶ṇ̀ûĳټ
ηʹɫǰ
ʱɽһѾȥʮգ̥ᣬŮֹУЩ΢ı仯ҲȻ
ҽҩ˾Ժӣ˼վԺее⡣
ǵĽŲתͷ߿
˾ͬһ񣬻һӡһףĿҽϣרŸΪĸƽҽ
ҽҪͬ˵ҽ񡣡漴ֵСεʱЩ⣬ҽһԡ
ǡҽͷͻȻʣԱ˼εµģµʱûпĵͷֻߵʱȥΡ
˾ҽ߹ȥȻվסţλǻ˵ˣ
תĿ⣬ڵķ䣬˽ȥ㿴
ҽߵһԣԺﱾûס˵ģҲûŮţߵû˵
ҽڱʣŮֻвһ£Ƿﲻ
ҽ⻰뵽ŵλС㣬ͻͻ
仰⡣
Ӧȷʵһ£΢ﲻġ
һۣ˵зŮУɶʳӰ죿
ҽ۾
ŵҵˣȥ֮ﲻ㽫У̥಻Ρ
ҽ⻰ѹҪվͬҽ˵ⷬˡ
ȷʵҪϢ
˵һ΢Եҩ˷С
УڴϻδѣҽΪȷʵûз⡣
ڵĳѪε֢״Ҳǰ̥಻ȡ
˾վһԣҽջ֣ʵҽΣ
ҽڴĦӵ˼
Լ£ҪϢǳųȥ
Ҳʻˣڹ̫ǧʱʽΪ¶
Լ˼δҲûԼ˼
ͬλС㲻֪ʲôʱڻ
˼ˣҽһ˿򡪡ӶҪԼʵ֪Ȼ˳µذӭԼĻӸˡ
˾Ŀҽϣ˵Сްֻǡ
ֻʲô˾ʡ
ҽֻ⸹̥·ݻС̥಻ȣͻȻʣ΢Ѫ֢״Ϸ̥ҩҲûˡ

10.1ʼ
Ժ, ڻ·ˡ
ѩӭ, ʵѩҿôˣҼҴҵϯ
û¡⴩·, ˳, ˵, û¡
⻻һ·, ˿ȥûʲô飬һ
к, ݺȥǶ˲衣
Ȳ, ͬ͵Ƿϯϴ˲, Ի·ˡ
ߵôҴҵ, Ϊǳзֶء
һ˵ţһ߶豭, Ҫյߣȴ͵ش˸á
һ, ԼסˣıҲ
˶֮䣬ִ˸, еĲһγ
ҡö
˵ִ˸, ǽü, ͣ
ҡڱǰ, ò˼, æ̧ģ˵û£ȲҪ˵
ǸղߵüһͿƲסشá
˵ˣŴһ˫Ŀ濴⣬ڲסĽá
һֻ֣ĦϵڹѨȵûЩַ֣赽ǰ˵ȿڲ衣
һˮȵҪõʱһСȥξֹá
ˣϧҪ죬ʵһˮʱһ÷ˮ˳մʪ°ڣǺ̲סԡ
̲סЦ
һǱز죬һߵ㻹Ц
ǽţôҴҵܹ
úúãҲЦ
ϵʪһƬѶʪˣβ࣬㵽ȥһɡ
վһԵݺȥ䣬ȵһ·üʱҲЩ
ˣĿϣ·㴩Һÿ
𣿡Ŀޣ̲סҪ¶Цݣǻûֱͣһøɢˡ
ݺԵС㴩ѣվһ𣬵ǵ׵Ľء
˿Լϵѣٿ⡣
ղŴ¹ѡеѸڴĺֻɫͬ
ʱֳ鳤˲٣ͬվһȷʵ׽õġ
վ˵ҷˣɢעͻὥˡ
̧֣۾ôȥȥҵΣ
ð
ϲ⣬ͬƽǳȥʱֱװСϻģûĵ̹ء
Я֣ȥ鷿鷿ĿľϣڰĶǱĵ֮
ڵһʮФʯЩոߣЩһ롣
ű׵̹ߣЩʲôõģֻñȻˣʲôʲô
Щ棬Ȼֹסãԭٹһͬһصϯȥȴ⴫
ѩ˽վʵôˣ
ŸҲ̧ͷ
ѩ˵ϯкüλ˸˳зϯˡ
⻰̱뵽᲻ڽյĲɫֽţʲô
ѩֽŵλ˸ϯ֮ܿˣһͬϯСȴ԰εˡ
һϢ̷ʵ
⼸ͬʱڣʵȴǣôˣ
ѩǶץصȫһתͷ⣬˵ѽ˿϶ûµġ
˵ʮƶ϶϶ʲôϷҪ˭ע⡣
һôʱ䣬˼м˽ģһ뵽ĻҲˣ˵εĻǰˡ
ʶѩ˭εģĻ𣿡
ĻζZ˼ȷʵҲĿܡ
ǿѩʵ𣿡
ѩҡҡͷǶ˵ǣӡ
ӣû뵽
ѵǾù˲ZԾ͵תĿ꣬ȥˣ
΢΢ü
һ͵ⲻˣĻж
Ҫǲãȵϯ˻˼ңǳʲô£Ρ
ö⣬ȥ
ߣȵٴٻȥûڣ͸еסԼ֣˵ߣǹȥ
⿴֮һˣֻ˵ã߰ɡ
һȥѩǣͨϢСҲڴˡ
ȱ⻹С
׷ĲĽװȪƿӵСɰıܣĴϡ
ǸԺӣһͼ
ǹĿϡ
ͬһ˵ӡűҴҵسȥ
ȿУԵУǰֱһƣò׽̥ҩδӦ˾θߵ˵ʲôУ
ſѵһתͷ˹ͼ˵Сվűߡ
ȻӣǸСǱҪһЩҲС
˻ԼĶʲôĿ𾪵ڴϣԲѵϡ
·ܵǵעӣΡһ۾
Լһİķ
ҽոոϵʱѾΪʩֹѪڸо¸׹͸ʹʧˡ
ڴһתͷͿ˾ڶԼվűߵıҲڶԼ·ڿʲôŵˡ

Ⱦϼ֮ʱϯ
Ȼмм˸еϯĲдҽˣȷûʲô⣬з䣬ůθͺá
ġҲ˳ȥõȻ־ûõҲ޻˵
һϯֱһҲȥĴŲ¹ϡ
ȼգ⽥ȥԽԵЩղĵطҲԵԽɭ
ιзſζֱ治徿Լոպȥҩ﷢࣬⾳ࡣ
ֽס𣬺ο£˾ҲûҪ
ϢݵУɫ˲ࡣ
Ǽҳ󲻿̵ϯ˶ͳȥϴţ顣
κҩ֪ǻУ̥֮󣬾ͱּܵãλǰ¡
ȻŮѾ뺣Ѱݡ
κ޲⡣
ֲûлУҲûмЩӣڣʮ죬ҽôóϲ
׿ڸ֪֮£ҽô˵֮ף
κ޼ϱ֮ʱ徭Ȫĸ죬ޱȣҲûʲôûЩ֢״ڲ
˲֪ãõŲ֨ѽһ򿪡
˽Ļлڼֵܡ˾
μѥӳԼǰõҲ¹ϡ
ŭڴ˿̻˶㣬ڱŭýϣδУܹˣ

ŸͶ˸£

10.1ʼ
̧ͷ, ףŮûСǡ
㣿˵ոֻǻŭھ͸ʧ˵˭㣿ɩ, ҽ㣿
ιڵ, ŭɶһָ˾
ֻϧҽҲҪеҽʣúԼ˵ʲô
, ҧ, ֻ˾ô˵, Ȼһҧ˾Լ
οھ, Ҳϲ, Ҫȵϳһʱ, £ҪŪҲټ򵥲
ΪԼεǸͨҲҧ˾๴Լ, ƫƫҽ
е̫ҽûгԹ, ˾Ҳû˽磬θ޴ӱ粵
֡
վڷԣξȻ˽ͨ, ̥Ϣûվȡ
ԭ, ǿεı, ȴɲš
ر۾, ͷȥ
ȻβģǱӻ꣬ȴһֱ׻׻̵ѭѭգ佾ݣȴδ˿ʧ
½ףȻϻûɿڣȴѾΪ˵һź£ȵ¶Ժ󣬾ͬ½Ǳ̶׵顣
ǵ˵޵½ȥΪߵ
ûΪΪΪ
ֱλεõģԼ̳ĺŮ
һʱ䣬εֻʣºȼյ죬
⿴ΣⱲӵ˵켣ͬϱӱ֮
ϱ޸ⱲȴͬýϣδС
·ʧȥ׹Ժһȫͬ·
׹ֻ
ڱֻڰˣԼܿԼ飬ͿԼȥ
׹ռĶӰԼıԼ
Ϊ˶Դ׹뷨̬ͬȲͬԵʧȥԺ󣬲Żһ
˳ǿˣ⵽ײǼҵѪǴ߽ô꣬ҲĲӸԡ
˿̰ݿпͬԼŮ⣬ƤŰ˱ô꣬ϵĳûʲô
ĸŮ
һ˽һı
һ㲻ȥ½ңΪ˵˭
⿴Źڵϵ׻˶һ£漴̧ͷ
ڣȵȴһ䣺ûСףûһˣŮûУ
ڣҪѣ
ŭʢʵûУȻ˵㣬ǴӽԺн㣡ȵ㸹ڲס⣡
ٴβһ£ҲʶСϡ
Уǵ֮ڶӾͻ¡Ҳڲס
֪Ϣ˾ֻǰļˣҽǵȵԻǾȫǶסˡ
ˣŭǲǣǾ˵˭
ҡͷһҲ˵ûZϱһ·
״УѾأҪάˡ
ã˵𣿡תǹλ㰸һСֱ۴ֵںڳһӣлڼлԨ϶ʹ
ļҷֵ岻õлУСʱûٰӡ
μŭִŹתߴӰҡҷԵԽֲ
һʱסȥ
ߵǰȻصǲԸ˵ҽվֱӴ㣬һ˰ˡ
½ҵĻǲӦˣʹϣе֡
ܻȥƹŷһԶҲٻ
ү
ף
Ҫҷڻæס
лڼҲ̲סҪǰȴеվԵסԼ
תͷȥʱ˾΢΢ҡҡͷ
ڹȥȰǻϽ͡
лԨû˵
ȻԿųЩ̣ǽѿľأ˱⣬Ůεˣкõȥ
лĿΪ䵭
ûʲô̵УĸлԨͬһ顣
ûв͸ǽξǽձĳҲᴫ÷з
Ĵ£Լһ֮ȴҪ۱е
ʵǲܡ
үү
ſ
үʢŭķ۾ʲôأΡǱ۸أ
ӣ֪ĵŮ׻Ǳһ˿߾ڿеĹû¡
״άסֵֻתͷŵϵμеص㸸㻰ô˵ĸ۸㣿ҪΪǸ˸࿹𣿣
ҡηһĳͷת
ҧԼ裬ǽƤ֮ӹܴɣѰҩⲻ֪治ڵ̥ˡ
˵ˣ֤ԼѾ֮ҪٽӽZͻѡ
ѣģм۸ˡ
лڼлԨжɶһ¡
ε飬Ǳ۸ˣôܻ˵
ǲ۵Ļᣬʧף˴ˣҲٽ޵½ȥһ˼
ŵʱҲö⡣
˾Ӻίҵ˷йڣŮŮʧףţסҰɣ
ֻ˵ʧףûʧףУȻԼˡ
Ŵ̲ס
ŮӦñúܺãô⵽£
ϵиЩȻûȫεĻѾһ˿ҡ
ˡ
ľΣθĳУле𣬡ֻиĸ׸ڣ˵Ǻˡʱε۸㣿
⿴ԼһҲǲεġ
ԣΡܵܿڣлڼǰһίڵصεߴ˭۸㣬粻Ź
ȴֻһζؿޡ
⿴ſţȻ֣۵ϥеǰץ۽ǰףҰɣҸе֣һ˰ˣ˸ɾ£һʲôϣ
һʼչڣߵ̬Ѿȫͬ
ղŻ˹ҪüҷһҲȥ
αϿ޵ȴ²׷̿ڣֻҪûкӣһжδ֪
ףһֱվԱû˵Żлڼһѵ˾ǰһ˵ҽ˵ˣε岻ãĶֻ̥»һʬ
ĻǰζУץ۽תͷŵ
ı飬˾¶ͬϧɫ̥ܻԺҲˡ
ҡһ£վס
æȥ˾ҽʲôʱ˵Щ
ȥʱ򣬷ֻҽ˵С
˾һתڿ
˲丣顣
ڵϵѾ˽սʧһӣԺͲ
ûҵ׹䣬һֱҲһֱָܻ
ԸZպϺλҲΪ̡
ܲƣҲΪ¡
ţµϣɱţˮض˵˭˵
ҧͷ˵ӡӣ
һɣӵ˵ϡ
ⰲĿռسƵ·صػ˵ĹĤϡ
ŮһʱͿ
ˣûбѡZϱӾĻΣһҲһԼָߡ
ҪԼĺӣҪ˳Ͳǿ
һֱҪܿû뵽Ⱳӻķʽߵһ·ϡ

ɣԡX=һ
ֻ

10.1ʼ
õĴŴ, Ĺâŷ¶һߡ
ŵ˱վԶԶģүŭĿ͸˺صŰ壬ǶС
¼Ŵ, һ, ˾æվֱ塣
ڰеƻ͸ķ򣬼үˮִ̤˽ȥ, ֽС˳
үվ̨, ӡӡӸվ̨, ȴүڡ
ֻСͻԺ, Ժ, ûб, ˭Ҳ׼
ӦһǣſȥʧǵС, Ȼһ·Ҫߡ
ǵĶ³, ϸЩС㡣
ŷϵĶ
˿αߣҲҳ
վ̨, ԶȥıӰߴӰ·һѹС
δֹס, 
ϱ, , ĸ岻ãǱԺӾҪ࿴š
ǡ˾ͷȻǺƴǡ
̾һŸ׵̾Ϣа̫ıθգڴ˿龳Ĳ÷˵ΪᴦǶȥɡ
˵͵ӦǣſڸɢȥΪԷĸףһǵԺӡ
ȵͬ𰡢һϴùһ࣬ҩΪĦѨλԺ󣬱ŽһöոյõСĸУڴŰԺ󣬴˳
ԺУŸ鷿Ĺͣס˽Ų
ûлԼԺӣǳ鷿ȥ
鷿վǰһֳϡ
˵ͬһʱ֪£л֣ԼȴҲ򲻵ˡ
лѪ
εʱߣȵҽ뿪ʱǸҽһߵġ
εΣȻѾҽ֪ˡ
ְ̧һһʹüġ
µֻȽν㣬Ȼȥ½ҵ»ˣűȥӡ
̫ǧڰ֮󣬵ʱҲǻӷָȥʱָ̫飬Ҫһ˽ᣬֻ֮С
ϵþãεĶҪڲסЩھҲᴫЦ̸
֣ٴһڽʵĺľϡ
СӸԼŮ㹶֮£ҪԼǰȥͷ
ǻ˱ˣˣƫƫ
վű߽бԼĸס
Ů飬ת⣬¶һЦݣȻ֣
߽ƻ£Լʵôˣ
Ѿ˯ˡûԵ¡
Ҫڴǰܵĳֿ޵ݣȻҪͷʹˡ
˱ڵʺ࣬Ҳٻ׾ͷ
ŮߵԼǰȻʲôСɰ͡
ŮĶɰĿ̲סϣʵʲôأ
ӺɰͳһֻֽСܣֽϣѹֽ̿ϡ
̵ÿɰͨ͸Ĺâ̲סַȥһָǲǰá
Ҳôˣһȥ͸оֽŮ͸Լһġ
ᣬеⴥдָ⴫Ҳ̲סɳ˱顣
˹壬ʱ⣺һҲģ
õ϶ĻشЦԽˣʲôʱܵӡˣһ
ǴӦ
ŮҲ֪ΪԼ
УǶԼĵǣʲôӰ죬ȫȻû
ŮĹѪ
ԺǲһˣԽᵽһ㡣
õġŮ˵û£ҲӰ쵽ɫҲˣ㻹ûţȻȥԵ㶫ˡ
ҲҪԶ˵ѾС׼˺ʳҪ鷿̫ˡ
š˵ͷ˵ȥɡȻԼϵֽ˵͸ϲ
Ÿ¶һǳǳѵЦݣŴ鷿˳ȥ
ŮӰű뿪վȥˡ
صڴϣҲʶذһСȻҲǸոŮ뿪ʱġ
һݣʹͷתͷ
Ȼ˶һҪΪŵˣŮҲΪǵġ
ү֧ԼȻָƽ
߹ںͷڴϿš
ڴߣһָŵСģ
ԡСһβ΢΢ɫСűӴŶڵˮĶ
ǺöŰɡոҲһֽ
šһȻٿˣüĳȴȥ
ôͱϵĻˣӡ
ӸֱڼգͬŷһͽҩƵˣôǰˣ˵ȥӦɽµʱ򡭡
ľѳۣҲô˵ˣһжԼѡģֲֹñˡҪǲӰ챦⣬ҲҪٿˣŮġ
ͷ˵ãҪô½Ǳߵס
½Ҵӵİεһȥɽ£ÿվʦһϡεİֻ֪ţ½Ҵô;ô
ȷʵǸ취ֲϣؾҲͷˡ½²̨ɾҪȥ˵
һʣĿصд㡣
Ϊ˱ȥһͷûʲôԡ
-
գ곯֮ȻȺδǸΧס
ûиǺѣһ˵š¡һȺѰӵټȴѾǰԶˣȥʱӰѾʧ˹תǡ
ûгɣ׷ȥ
֮ʱӵͣȻڵԼ
Ż˲ģԴӹŲӭ̴ӵӸӳҪͬһ𡣡
ﴫ˳Ƶصү롣
ӰʧڳݳһޣŹȥ
ûзָȥһ¥¥£Ա³֮ʱƷ
˲¥ż䣬̧ʾﻷģ˴ţ˵ʲôҲүɷġ
Ȼ֪ԼںϾصԼͷŮ˫ַϡ
ӭĿ⣬طһЦ
ڵүҪ˵ʲôҴ֪үôҵģҲóүʽ֮ǰ˵һ䡪Ҹ֮䣬ҲǱҩһ


ڶ֮ǰǸ͵һˣ

10.1ʼ
ʮ, δһ𺳡ι
䵱˵ôɽ±ƣôԺͲر˱ۡ
ΪҪ˵ͷ̸Уû뵽Ȼܺߡ
仯, ȷѾԼͣ
ӣûȼʵZȴԼ
ƽ, ٴοǰʱ, Ŀ̬Ѿ˺ܴĲͬ
δ㣿
ûбҪ˵ѡ
ҩ͵˺, Ҫ˼˵ûкô, ǻ
ţζҪȥ, Ѫ⣬岻
ᱻƣҪΪͬ, ԸεĻҲֻҪһ仰ͻӸˡ
Ѿ׼, ̥ľ, ôѪ˾ϡ
ĴȴĲһ
˵ҵ뷨, ͬүҪ, ʵһµġ
е⣺
΢΢, ֮λҲ
Ҳûд
۾
ġ
ֻŮǵԼӦ˳Ԫ˵ZõҲֻ֮λ
֮λҪʲô
Ƭ̣ſڵԸôһ̨£ʤм
ϾӲվӣ⼸֮д֮һϵҲõ֧֡
һЧҵԶֻӣֻǽɽ𢡣
ʱ⴫˽Ų
һ̧֣ʾȲæ
СŽһòʱʹ
վԣΪλ裬ȴһ֣˵ţȥɡ
ǡ
¥ֻڣż䶼ǿյģϾͬһ
ִ˲ΪԼһ衣
ˮע뱭УڵүΪҪô
ܼ򵥣Ϊζ˵ֻкôûʲô
ٴ̧ʾȲ裬ԼҲִ˱ӣһү飬ҪǷɲסΣμһҪҲ᲻顣
˵ţһĨЦʵҩֻҪ˵ˣҾͻӦʡ

ˣұ±ӣοڻҵĹ⣬ҿԲƽϵҩƵ¡
۾˵ϹǷУҲѪһƲ⡣
һҪģȴҪһ뵽Ըȴ޼ƿʩӣ֪Ժӿ϶
ټϽգЩ¸֪ӴԺǳжϡ
ǰ̵ԼûңΨһ̾ǷҪá
-
һڲ¥̸˭Ҳ̸֪ʲôֻ˽ȥȻֳµ
ӵظȥ
ڶգ½ҵһȥɽ£վʦϰ֡
ηϢֻôһĳ̬˵ҪӶˣ̸ֵŮ
漴һֱ岻õֲˣСϢǾŴ뽫¶ϲܲŮת
ֵϣȥߵİһϣվʦֱҡͷ
С½ҴӰֲϣ׼׶ѾӰ쵽Σĳףֻ߶ȫ
½ԣʮֿϧ
ԿվʦǳţȻԱ˴˻вõӰ죬ٿϧҲܼ֣ͬ½¾ʹա
ǰ½ֻ˵ףûƸ鲻ɣҲʲôȥ׼һݺϡ
һ׶ıīֽ⣬½ҴӣȡüѼ
ȫ½ȻźӡȻãҲûЩŵһȢ˼ҵŮʧܣͰͷ򵽿ϡ
Ϣ˵ſϧϡ
ȴͬһҲûʲôĻϢ
յһӣʧԶ޵ĻᣬھУķҪûͣˡ˵ˣ˵Լ಻ס˼ֻҪԼ鷳
֪ţʵࡣ
δľֻһ֪ƫƫܶ˽ֱԼͬȥ磬þȡ
Ҵһѣͬĸ˵˵˸˱
ôôϣ̲ס׷űʣôˣ
ȥֱǹ꣬ˣ֪Ҫô
ԵȱʣҲܴ㡣
šͷ˵ȸԼ
С»иƵĽ˶ҲϢģֻǵʱҪ̫ԾҲҪǰ˵©ˡ
˵Խˣͬʱ־ǺⶼԲùȥ
ƽͺãߣűֱ۵õģ˵ˣһؼԺһֶû˵ﵽڻʲô֪ء
е˶٣ԼߴصӣҶ֪ǡӶร͸ˣ͸ˡ
⣺
̲סһѣЦűܿȥĴ濴ллҳȻڼҪˣȥĶ
ȥͬȥʦ
Ҳ֪һڼôܣҪﻵˣԽղ
˾ׯϵзѾȥͬˮһ죬øɾǳԵĺʱ
зҪڻͬȴǱաˣз
īĶҸ˼ң嵭ѾԲʲôζҪõһЩųԵˬ
ֻһԺҪ̳һܵʱóãǳԲˡ
ͬСԺɨļҲѾԺ͵ŽϾٰôһз磬֮³зơ¡
⾹ȻҪԼͬȥʦ۾һ±סֱۣĵص⣬ãģҲ߱ʦסġ
⿴˵ӣŷҲҪʱҪŵʧɫ
ʱѾͣͷСڽеС㣬ͬˡ
죡һűҪǵˡ
ʱ仹磬ԵĿ˿ܶûȥܼĴʦ֪ô̳ĺѧġ
ⱻŴͬһͣԺſڣпԺӺСȻ˶סߣǽȥ
һ¡Ŵ洫ĶȻֹүүһڼˣͼߵԺǰ̧һơ
ԺӦһһСԺľȫȻС
վڱߣϵЦݻûȥͼվԺеתͷ
СˣӦǻʦһǡ
⧲ľŷˣ

10.1ʼ
ŷųԺűߵ, ǸгԼݵŮӦ֮ǰ֣ԺǱ߿˹
̨ף߽Ժ, ŷǰ
⻹ûڣĿȱǼ꿪õĹȻſŷϡ
ŻϽʦ֮Ǹŷк
ƷĿ, ڶŷû˴ǰĺ֮󣬾ҪԵƽࡣ
ŷǰ̱Ϣŷ˫ͬˮԼʱ, ֱͬһ, гƵŷˡ
, תͷһ·ϹĻϲ棬һŷȫ, ˶
, ôһҪ, ͬһϳ磬Ȼǲܻˡ
ŷĿмŮͣƬ̡
Լ, ȻǰѶȴľڶű˵˳С㣿
Ȼ֪Լ, ϥǲһ
ֲ, ȵһ, סֱۡ
ӱĴ¶ȣ
ƽ·ڸһʶ˵ǣұ㣬һ
ĳȣȣеƽԼǰѾ㹻ҫ۵ı⣬ԼĻҪǿ
һ㵨̧ͷŷ
û뵽֮⣬ȻһλҲڱĽȦС
ǰ⾹Ȼֵܹƽ
ҪǸ˵ģ˻ϼŮСҲ⡣
ˡŷ˵ĳӸƾͷԱ㣬⻹¾߰ɡȻվ˼СҲڡ
Ż϶ŷ˵ܾ
ΪѾ˴ģʦԴŷ̬ȱҪ⡪ݵ˵Ǵʦѧġ
áŷȻҾȥˣٹ
ԭųķ
ɩӴˣЩִٵվſڣ滹Ӱζ
˿үүŷĶԻ֪ȹ;ƻгӹġ
ϾƵī󶫼ҪĽ飬ǽܲñȥ³
ջĿ⣬⿴ŷͼתԺ߳ȥ
Ӱεظߵŷ벻֪ð˳վűߵȥ
һһƷԱȻԼ˵ƦåһҪȥˡ
˶УǶһ㡣
ŷĿжŵϺţڸǲˡ
ٺÿˣܰŲٿһЩȽϺá
ŷҪ뿪ֻеңԵıȴҪ뿪ʱ򿪿ڵŷ˵һȡ
ȻͳǸ׷˹ȥ
һ£Ʋסظֳ˳Ծı顣
УѾӸɽеĵ˸ϻƨɵŮˣ
վԭأֽסֲҡ
±ǰȥͻᱻŷߵˡ
ŷ̨ͣ˽ŲվԺǰת
ŷ뱾Ѿߣڼ常ͣ˽ŲԶ˵һԣȻ˱һۡ
ε˿֪ܲŷµļԺѾȥ˸һ
ϸڣܱмһʧȥѵθ
ŷ֪ԼѾӵĹ⡣
ܿ죬ͻӷַ֮С
дŹεӰӣʮʥģڹâȴڽȥ
Ǽ㽣ںҲûʲô壬ܿҪ˸
˵ʧǿ϶ġ
һ˫ͫΪȥľԸһ͸ӵĿ¡
ű׷ȥûбԱ߻ĺ˳վŷǰ˵
վԺűߣ͸ĹǵһΡ
ŷ޳ǰͷոܼıǶˣͬ˵ʱҪ̧ͷ
ŷ˵ʱƺ޾ģͷʱ򣬽޶ܿһ

İ֮Ķʱ嵭˺£۾Ǳ߿ʶ߽ǵ˵ʲô
̧֣У˵ߣ
ŶӦһعʦѾȥˣһ߸ߣһ߲ػվԺǰˡ
ŷסԼĺɰﵹһɫִ
ŷĶִӵĳߴ磬һſԲ÷·Ϧ֮ʱϼ⣬ִĵ׶˻һöԴ󡢵񹤾µ񣬱ŮӨ׵ţݵԼǰ
ŷûжְϵִǰУȻŷϸֳһĿ岻ЦݣҲԼơ
֣Ͱִϡ
ҪʲôҲ˺һġ
Ÿôִڵ׶˹һֻ
ŷҪ¾ǹӯɵִֻϣܹ⡣
ŷĿ⣬ϱŹִƬ̧̣
ŨܵĽëһڱǰһ£Լӳ۾Ӱӡ
ŷסңΪ˸
ͷŷдҲ벻ʹʲôִкôϣ˲Ҫҵĵ񹤼ª
˵ˣŷûзȥ
˾Ѷڶִ֪ãǵҪԼĶ߶У
ֻŷάֵ̧ƣԼ˵С㲻½ңܿҪ븮ˡ
Ȼ˵ȻһͷˮǵͷʾԼ֪
ŷŮü両һ󣬶һЦһǲǾֵˣ
仰ʶصһС
Сˡŷ
βҲͱԴ󼸸£عͻȥԪͻ顣
ȳԪԼһҪϵĻӸûɣӸγˣ϶ͻŬŬѱZһԡ
һȵ̫ǧλĻӷָǳɻҲܹһˡ
˫ϲţҲ᲻ԵóԪ׺˱ˡ
Ļ⻹пܡ
飬֪ҲʲôֻҪ̬㹻ᶨӦĻǳԪҲӲZյһ
Ϊ˵
ŷ޳ָսԼеִַⶨˡ
⣺ʲʲô
ŷܾС¹һԲôҲ벻˵
˶٣Ŀʱ׷ȥһҪִûӣǣⲻǡ
ŷһɵرִܿУû
ŷ룺
վڼ֮⣬Լ常̩ʱ΢΢Ц⣬ͬƽʱЦȫһ
֪常Ȼϲ̩ġ
ǰ̩һҲͬСһǴԼġ
常ҪǸһһڿ֡
ȫͬ⡣
òԼִΪżΪ˼գ糺졣
ŷЦԼͷӹվԱߵŷ˵߰ɡȻߵűߣԼ˻ִģҼȻĶȻͲ޽ȥˡ

10.17ģĻҪһ¡
Ҹ߹ԼˣΪڶܻǲ̫

10.1ʼ
ŷſڡ
, Ǵִϣһͽִˡ
ⲻ֪ôߴ磬ִȻպúʡ
ţͿƿ, ŷҲ
ŷ̧, ͨǲģŷ˵ͬûϵҪ档
ôһ, ԵЩ
ŷ, ̧ڡ
ڳԯϵĳ, , ⻱ͬԺ뿪
е߶, ŷ, ԼԼΪʲôô常
ŷĿŷƳһ, ڵ常Ȣ, Ҫθ˵Ҫθ˵
ϾȢŵ谭ûˮĥ, ǻˡ
ŷĻǾʮֺЦ
Ȣŷʵ, ʲôʱ˵ҪȢ
ŷһ, ϵɫЩ, ۾ŷǸոա
ո˵ִǿ͵Ķ
ǲȢʲô
⡭Ȣã
ŷαһַϥͷкЦҶġ
ѪĲҪġ
ԴϴԺ˲СӰ
֮󵫷иʲô紵ݶһ
Ĳ˵˵ǰѻͭԿף²ʲô£ֻҪŷҪǮԳһذǮó
ŲûϵĲһɱ֣ЩǮҪ
ٽһ֮ӮǮļңͽ룬һɳ졣
ƾ黭츳Ҫ׬ͬ¡ǮׯеͬȲƸҲָտɴ
ôˣδͱ˼վҪչ߷Ҳᱻ
Ҿͨ˼ˣοǼǾع֮У
ŷԼ常˵ĻӣĻΪѾһ¡̩Ļվ̫һ֮ĸڴҲͰˣ㿴һĻӣ
ֻԻǶѷ¡ǮׯĲȤڶZ
ԣŷӵΪĻǼһڵ̩ܳɳΪһѡȻ˵ȢΪڻҲ޷
ˡĹӡȢ⣬ӰԪ۰ӴնԵ˼
ŷڣԪ۾Ҫˡ
ԭŷ꣬ڶ̶̼ھ˵ĵڶʧ
ֵ֧һԾȻģ
绹ʲôģ
վſڣŷԶȥԼлĪͱ˶
ţһߣһŷҪʲôŻعζ
ԣôҲǿԼؼڳԪ۵˼ϡ
⣺
ҪͰˣƫҪô˵һ䣬ͼʲô
ѹûѡ
ͨԺ󣬱ͷģͷȥ
Լͷôһ󣬳æѾзˢ˸ɾ̳Ӵ㿪ʼзˡ
˵ǻûۼȥվſڿ˴ʦĲƬ̡
ɩӱһ˾ִٵվűˣȥЩ
վһŴʦз̸䡣
дʦѧͽڣɩӽǰﲻæˣЩؼȥ
зô࣬Ǽ˰˸ɩӴżȥ˳ˡ
ŷ֪̩˵ʲôǾʲôúܡ
ˢɾзõֻţɩϡ
ɩæܾôУúվΪ˵зƵġ
˵ʲôвеģ
ɩĻŽ˼Цš
̧ͷ죬˵ôãɩҲԺһȫһһۣһ֡
ɩӦţæµĳһۣŵҾȼȥҪǻʲôõҵģֻܲң̻
ͷӦˣзߣŴӳ뿪鷿
߽ͼվǰػүүվһڿš
ĽŲ̧ͷʵô͸ôòŻ
߹û˵ͷ»ʣŻ˵һˡ
תͷҲſ˹ȥõĻڵŻϵۡ
黭ҲǸѧϰģʦԻ÷Ҳѧһ÷ķǣȻڹŮԣԼĻһĵġ
ֻڻǰԼֵ÷ۣҲǲѩϽһ÷Ļڡ
⣬ɫдΪԼĺѽΧ飬ڵҿ÷ͦõġ
£ͼһЦݡ
ЦŸϵһѸٵ˱顣
Ҳæɫүү˵
ʲôָ÷һ֪ǳ´µ÷
һӽгԼʦ֣ϲҲ֪ʦ
ϵۣ֪˼ҡ
е´Լ÷þ͸ҽͽܣֱӵܣ÷һɽǳȥ÷֦ģ
ӡ
Ҿ˵Ҫ÷ã͵Ժǰʮ÷ȵ÷ͶſأأϺɸָ֣Żֽ죬Ҳһ÷û濴ͻˡһ´£뻹еԼ˼㿴㣬ģ֮⣬еԼĶ𣿡
㡪˵ԱߵıҲ˵ʲôҪġǰ˵ĻҲҪԼȥ۲죬ԼȥأǲԶ뵱ᯰڶڶ֪лˣ
ͷĬĬظһѵҷ
ȵү˵ˣǰСѾͷ磬Լѵġ

Ÿɿһ˵һȥз׼ôˡ
˵תߡ
ʵзҪȥҸڻرܰˡ
үүˣ˰ͷ̧ҲſԱߵҲԼһͬ̾Ϣ
תͷһĽٺִͬؿԼ⣬ʦûôңÿ𣿡
룬˵Ҳðɡ
ֻǷ̫ƽοԼ
ԭٽֽʣﻭֵĻʱԼ˵ϵۣҲͽܣڿͽĲһġ
ݣ˵Ҫϣʦġ
Ϊתע⽫鷿Ĳ˳Щ黭ֵĸ
˶ϲ黭ˣһ飬ת۾ͰѸղŵˡ
ȵ⽥£ⷿеĵԺ󣬳ҲʼƮ˴բз
߳ԺѾĽǵĵƸ¹ĵԺյá
پͷһֻһ£ɢӨӨ⡣
ǰǰһףСƳԵýζ
۾鱾߳üʻôȺˡ
Ȼϸոѵǵֽ˺£ڱⷴӦѵʱү˿ûиղŵ硣
ûĺþƸף죬տյӣȤվ
ͷͱ˹ȥš
һ򿪣īĶվͷ߻Ÿ۵Сꡣ
һŵĻϣī󶫼ҾЦų˹֣֡
ˡϵĿϻ䵽һСкϡ
Скȥʮ꣬ϰַļͷŻϽܵҵӣѵû磬Ҳմ֡
Ļ£ò£òʮСѵСа۵سŻһ񣺡Ͽܣʦ
⽫ϵСƸ׷̨ϣٳʱͼԺж˼ˡ
īĶʶģǸСƵС꣬ȴû
һСĿͶϣĿ̽
īĶͬһ֣˵
߹ϰ塱磬ŷǺþƸӣīĶҴľŮˡ
Ůͤͤϻֻϻӡ
ϰͬԼС꣬ԭӡ
С곯űһ
ĳϣͬ˶ӣûҫ˼Ҳ᲻ˬ
ڲһˣҲŮˣʮȻñС
ԼССô˾ͬԼ
ǳμ棬룬ʹԼĺɰһֻ
μ棬Ҳûбʲô㡣
ϥֻݵСǰ
СݹСΪѧԨԴһ֪ѵõĺ񣬾ĿҲ˸˾͵ġ
ʵԽãԵ䲻
ϿԼ౦Ů˭ͣ⺾Լӵ⡣
˵һģ°ɡ
ϰ忴ֻȴ֪¥˵õĵʻѧϰ̡
ŵֻԾʼѧϰ֮ԼƷ
չֳĵԽľ
룬ѹԼѸ¥ĺڡ
ϹЭȵһԼ̳Լ²С
ϰţӵļ򣬵ͷ˵СҲýпһʦ㡣ʦļͽ°ɡ
С۽һ顣
ոڻǰԳƴүүһڣͰС¶ˡ
СүүĻЩӦһǡԼнӹԢһ˵Լл
ϰ¶Цݣ̧ͷ⣬ֵͬСôҹֲ˼ģҺãҲ׼
˵ʾŮеϻӡ
⿴ϻӣװŵֽ
ϻôŵʱ򣬿ƽƽ棬Ǵһչ»±˸˱Ĺâ
ϡ롱һˣ
ϰЦеصͷתͷֽͬϡ档
ֽֽվʧѾõֽڰ쿴ϡ棬ֻеõâһգֽϾͻ᷺â
ϰ˵ԭ⡮վɺķҲٹܸһ
˵ţûйϵűٴδƿŷһĺɫź󣬶վԺе¶һЦݣ涼żζˣĸպá
ŷһ˾ˣˣɣ
һ£ССĳļȺƾͱľϻ澽ϻºϣɻָ͵
ٳѾǰá
ȴụ̂Ǵͷȡøһң֡
һʱ䣬ڻͬͨСԺҡһ䣬˷֮ء
езѾ⿪ˣֻǰڳӣΧû˷̣ҲԴãǱ˷̵ϯҪڡ
һöŶŷԭЩ𣬿ǽʳҲ˺¡
⻱ͬڵس磬ʹԪȴ鷿ûüȥţԼĶ֮󣺡ͻ飿
ǡڵϣ븸ʴͻ顣
ͻ£ԭӦͬԪ˵ֱӡ
֪ʲôҪװµͬԪͻ飬˿ڡ
ǽͻҲջع֮Ѱ˳Ԫۡ
ԪԼҪָɵԼʺһҪĶӵһ˵ǡŮߣǼ޽С
£Ӧ
ԳԪ۵ʣ̧ͷ˵Ѿûзԡ
ûзԣԪŶӣ˵
ȷʵ̫֮ǧѾͬԼˣ뽫ڽŮָ
ѶȻԼҪĲѡҲʱʡ
ǣԪۺ⣬Ȼûзԣ
վŸϵɫһٱá
Ƭ֮󣬳Ԫ۲̧ͷ˵ڻܴӦ㣬³֮ͬĸ˵¡
ǡЦݣųԪ˵ǶͲŸˡ
Ԫ۵˵ͷȥɡ
ȵӴ鷿뿪֮һ˼ԼĺΪʲôı⡣
᲻һźţ
Ԫ룬ԤűԼĻӵҲɿڣ³˫Ů޽
Ԫţɵܣֱھнʸ
ͬƹѲ
ϰ֣Ůͣ
ԺϢžƱʵʲô
ϰЦǳ̫Щ
˵ţĿһɨֵҪо̫٣οСܽȾƣĿһֲźá
ˣ߲ơ
֮ǰҪһűȥϼֽĻᣬҪؿˡ
ſӣүүѱӷ£ʵô
ϰ˵Ȼ٣Ҳǳϯһ˵ţĿһڱϣЦеض֪֮ϯΪ⡣
ŷҲ˾Ʊͷ
ϰͷ˿Լӣٿ˵ԳȴǲŸոʦѧϰ黭ãҼСܸʮ꣬ѧϰ黭ȴشտСԡϯΪ⣬ҹ֮ġվΪأһҹͼΣ

18+19ģ

10.1ʼ
ı, ʮֹƽ
û, ϸֱ˵ص
ŷ֣ЩڳѧͽǰǰЩ̳ߡ
һ̻ڳԾ, һ̾Ϳǰӱš
ٵŮ, óǴġվ, ̿
ֽȫ͵
¹, ˶˵һ, վߵ, Сվұ
վ, ãСȴʮ꣬Ҫ棬»õŵӣһˡС࣬ĿؿЩ, ûаС, ȫ⵱һ֮սԴ
, ʣŷԺְڳһСԲ, ŵǳ׼㡣
Χ, ſǽҹıԡ
Ůһһ, ׼Ϊĥīϴʡ
⡰վ, δùֽ
ֽ̧ϸ, ֽŵʵأ˼ϰĿ
ҹͼĿоѾȷǽҪҪֳҪֳҹֳ硱
ͼƪֺ꣬չֵĳף֮صĲ֣еȻʹһɶơ
ǽҹСԺУŮҲŰˣҪ⵱ֳ֣Ҫעظ˵̬
ȴҪһͷ·
ѡһ֧ʣСͬԼһҲһ֧С
룬үүȻǰѵ˵֪̱ˣѧһһעԼĻ
Ǵ˿ֻƾԼˮ׼һԣñȶ֪С
ǰ·ңСȴǳңʵ
ϰӦүүԼȥǵīѧֽȻϼҲһ׼׼
ԼǴﲻȥҲѧʲô衣
ҪӮҲֻҵıʷҹͼлˡ
˼ţڼԼϤұʷѡһ̨ʡ
һȡϰԲǰĶתȥԻ˵˵ȣҾûǷȱЩ
ĻϵĶһ٣
棬СҲˡ
ϲͷصʲôã
԰ꡣϰЦЦ⣬ֿ˿Լӣ˼Ȼ㶯ʣضĿѾһĹ룬ҪΪⳡһ޶ǻֻԺеﾰɫܳԽԺķΧ
Ҫ󣬼˵Ҫдʵ
ĻĿһƪֺȫһ֮أͺи¡
üű⿴
ⴥүүĿ⣬үүȻǾԼô
ôأ
Ҳ˵ԡ硱ĻϤ˵ҪԭһŻٶٿ죬ֻҪϰʱһ޶ʱҲܻꡣ
ϼŮı飬ñĴԼĲһӦӦùջĿ⣬ϰصãȻҪҲһ
һ˵С¶Դı顣
ϰȴǱ̫࣬Цһֶ̧Ի˵ֻ˵
ϵĿϼתϯֻˣټѾͷһָŮҲǰ˸ҪڻʱÿһˣҪķʷ
˼ŷĻһ˿ڡ
ЦʵҲ˵ڻҵʱҪıʷǾ͵ˣ
ϵͷССЦһҵıʴ͸үүҲӦѧˡղֻ̣Ҫץסϣ˿óһ˵ķС
үүĻŵʱһͼϣ˸˾ǰλһģ;ԽȤ
ҲΪԵãո϶ڸƣԼôҪҲǸƣҴƽ
ƣϷɺ죬Ҳ΢΢ͷȡ
ǵĻһǰδеıԶ
ŷЦãǾĲУΣ
һ˵ϰȻͷдãȻٹ
ҲһʾС
ŷ΢΢һЦ⣬˵Ǳ㿪ʼɣҵıʷǻʥ塣
ɽˮƷҲɽˮΪ⣬滭棬ҲǼ
С˵Ŀⶼŷϡ
֮ȶ·±ȻΪģһľ
˿Ƭ֮ջĿ⣬ŷ֮ʱŷϯϵ̸
˼Ƭ֮СıʼմīҲ׵ġվ˵һʡ
ԵĶֽϿʼŷ֮ڶڵǻϡ
˵ʱֻ˵һ֣á
ʱõķ档
ŷӰĶټ죬˻ʥķ񻭳ŷϯ̬
вͬǣһ˻ƣһ˻ȴͬ˵
á֣ͬʱʣ±ʵļһ䣬ϵΡ
Ƭֵ̣ϰ嶨ԼĻ硣
ָû£Це˵һ֣
һ֣̾͵һۡ
ⲻϼһ
ͬʦֵܣ˵ķ
мҪǰȥһʱ䶼Էֱ澿˭Ʒ
ϰ屻ţʮ̹Ȼ
˵ǿˣⲻһͬʣԼҲһ
Ҫϰ֮ʱ򹻲ϸģûаµķصˡ
Сϣϰ壬˶ûлʡ
ǵĹٶȶǴһʼ죬Ȼڻʦֵ֮Ĳ֡
ԼҲĿУ˼ԼǱ⣬⡣
ţͼ˱С⣬˵ĿⶼԼϡ
عôˣ
ѵˡ
ŶŶ
ӦҲǳأˣ
һ죬Ժиֳĵһ־ѿڶ
ˣ
ĸ֣һֱûͣڱ˽̧࣬ͷһۡ
ԻŮͼñʵɫͬǰȫһ
СԼֻСкԼôϲô֡
ջҲˣѾ˵֧ʣϯУԣ˿ȻضСڵ
С⣬ǳ⣬ҪԼԽķ
ССһţҲ׳һ֣ƽ
ˣ
ͨͨĻȴͬ˵ȫһ
˵Ǿµ£ƽǴ¡
СôһͯȻҪԻ佫ķԼǽ벻
˽֣ڽערעػϡ
ʱԺһ紵űĹϸСĻֽϡ
⻭˻ˣʷһתѾ͵СԺ֮
ʼй𻨻ֽµζӦеġ
ٵŮϼңȻֻū澣ȴҲ黭ĿȾ
˼űСүòˣһһ˵֣Ԫϯ
ˣҹͼϰ˵Ļڶ¡
Ҳ󲻳ԼĻͬ˴һͼϣǸĹ⾰

ûУԣԼģ
-
ƼѵĹԡα䷨Щ꡷by
һƪرģϲ֧һ£
İ
Ů棺
߳¶ĴԽƽ䡣
ûнָܸı̣޷Ч´Խǰôƣ
֪£ֻҪŬնջ
棺
䷨£󳼸ʡ͵ĵơ
α磨ۣܣаʯ˾⡢塢岩ά
ɢСϢа֣κ̩˾
ʷ鳼а䡢ȷȻѱ䷨мȥˣ
޵๫ǽСԴǹвȥˣΪѰ

10.1ʼ
šվ, СԺϯͰ˸˵ӰѾˡ
һ, ɫ
ɫһҲܹؼ
Ȱ˵ķץסͨɫҲֲܹһ
˴ʱ, СϣŮͣ׳Ҫ
ڱϴϴպ, ڵеǸҪɫ, ǻõһһɫʡ
ԲԵ俴ǵʣҲܹЩɫڡվЧ
Сһʱڽ׵ֽ, ·ҲǵԺͿĨɫ
һƬ, ϶ϰ˵ҿӲôķˮƽ
ϰĻ, Цֹˡ͵ĺܵõϵ, ķֻ, ѾǺܲˡ
˵ſ, űгĶ±ʵĳ, Ҳ̲סԻ̾Ȼѧϰ黭ʱж̣Ҳ˼Ĺ
˵, ͵ŻһԼȴûȵ
һηǵûз, ͬӦһ
ϰеϡ棬ջĿ, ͼϳԼһüķ, ͽķ, һֶֻܴӮ㣬ʤΣÿҲ֪ˡ
ŷžƱϵĻЦ
⡪ϰҲڶݵĴ֮ŪϹռԼˣ̲סһЦһҡͷ
ﻹܷ˵ȴĶڱϡ
ոպȥѾɢˣֺԼղѿڶ˵˸ˡ
˵йŮϰŮͼƫݣŮͼ϶ˣҲ֪᲻Ϻȡ
עУȴȫûбӰ졣
ϸµصɫȾԼԺеĻػԭֽϵİ˸һһɫʣͬλҵĻһ£Ҳóİϡ
ϰ·ϵʯƣڻõĹ˼ʣٵԺĽǵĵյȡһ֧պīڻᯰ壬ˡһΣĳһʫ⻭ϡ
ˣɡ
±ʵʱ򣬶СҲͬʱ˱ʡ
̧ͷĿڿ
Ե˼״ǻˡ
ϰһ̧֣Գ䵱еŷ˵롣
ŷȿ˿Сֿ˿⣬Ȼ˵ȿСѵĻˡ
û飬һƲСĻǰ
վԭûжԶԶؿš
ǵĿһСĻֽϣͼõǴӿа븩ӵӽǣôһҹϯ
£Ӧҹй𣬶Ӧ
СվڵϣƼȣϯ̸֣֣硣
ͯһԺоͬȪźͯĽ
ΪǶӵˣŷ⻰Цһ
Сһ̧۾֪Цʲô
ƽǰλϹ٣ɻҪʣҲ
ϰЦ̧ԴŷЦԼڽ⣬³ˡ
⻭ǻúãȻῴһ۾Ϳֺ˵أ
СһӺŴ˵ˡ
Ͻ⻭Ӵ󴦵ϸڶһ飬šһ˵ò
˵ţ̧һָø˻µԼϰ壬ʵ˵Ļú֣
ղűŷЦС֪Լڶ˵ϼȻ⣬ΪĲԣ޷֡
ֻӦ˵ıʷɫҲûʲôð취֡
ʵĻش𣬻⡣
ϰ˵ôͷ
ϰ嶼ѾϰԼҪԼһѵģǶСĻѾòˣ˵߿ˣȥĻɡ
ŷͷһӦǱȥ
һߣȲű̯ϵĻȥ㻭ôа𣿡
ղſСĻѾʮ𺳡
˸ʶĲķ֮Ҫ˵ܹǵĻ˵ģܻ
ССô꣬ȴܻôãñǿС
⿴˿ţԼ濴ôһ㣿
˵ʱָָ˻续
űɷŮԼ⡪
ֱǴ˵ͼϿģ
ϵ·ŵ
סˡ
˵ֲǣ˵ֲǡ
ʱʣµļҲ˹Сŵĵүүһ˱ߣ뿴ԼĶֻʲô
ܹӮԼҪ䣿
Ƶ󣬴濴űĻ
ղСǸӹͼǶȸر𣬱Ĺͼ湹ͼһõƽ̵Ļ
뵽ŻѧŶʱգʵǾˡ
ҲֱӴЩҵͼϿͼһ
ŷҹͼϰ˵
ϰָűĻϸԼߵ˵Сϸڡ
õͼϲװΣӰʯơ
ֻĳеĶɫѣǺžµľƬ˵ļʮһ֮󣬲ڱ߽ǴǸԵϲá
ûԤףʱ£ȻСϸˣϰԼСò
ԼҪ̫࣬ԼϵĽѧʽҲʤһ
ϰԱ˸ĴָҲд⡣
˾԰СͥУվƼ䡭ŷ𣬽ᯰġǼʫ˳
⿴ŷһʫһԼ·Źâ
ٿ⻭оԺоĶգһʫ֮ʡ
ᯰıʷд⴦ڲͬʱİϯټھˣһС
ձԣ˭˭ӮѼ
ٿССǴĽСѾ
ԼԶɱȴֻԼռȪıˡ
Ȫˮıʣʱߣս񣬿ĶҲܹĿ
ˣܹǵϸڣӮ
СԱһ˵ˣķڷ
ǰڼУʦǴδйıԣѰУҲõһ
Լ츳Լ֮ûܱԼ
ǵȽͬŻʦѧհ̩һȣС֪ʲô졣
˵ֱŮ侣ȥǷպãҪȥ
ˣǷȴҪߣȥԺװڷʱʱţԼ
ˣҲѣϰΪ⣬̧⡣
Լ˵գīҪһֽÿջ͡
С⻹ûڣϾͶ˵ȥУ϶ġ
ϰЦеصͷԡ
̬ôã˼һ£øøһЩӣֶԱ˵ȻطԶʦңֽ棬ˢӵģҪϰúѧϰ
ǣʦЦӦͬϰл
꣬ѱĻվԾǻͼɵÿ졣
һ£Ѿ͸ˡ
⵽Ůαµͼսʤ
ϿǿŰ֮¥ٴΰļҵ˴仨ˮԼٹ⡣

ȥûüŰ棨
Ǿʫʫ˻ʸP

10.1ʼ
һҹСԺ°, ϰӺŮ, ͬϸ
Ҫؼҡ
Ǹŷһš
ԺųžƲ, ɵһ߳Ժţķ紵ͽϵǹⶼˡ
׼, С˼ǳ, Ѿذ綼ȡ˿С㡣
˵һǵɫ, һǷɫ, ͷڵţѷεصͷ
վſ, ŷҲӳﳷ
ǰ, ѳԺӶɨøɸɾ
ϱ, űǡ
ȵһ, Ժֻʣһˡ
ŷͬ˵һסŵ׻ǲ, ҲС˹
ȴ־ܾˣأһסڡ
ǰðʱ, ɽµĺɽһסţ, ʤǰȻҪ˷ˡ
̧ҪǶϳȥ, Լ徲߰, ߰ɡ
£վڱ, ´λͬһ
ĻС´λ±
ȥµģǱܻһ÷
򳤴ཻͬûʲôܹ⽻ˡ
ϵͷУ´ñٴ
˵ֿ꣬⣬ԼŮ˵ǷһװѺȵ֮Ӯó
ŮȦڵĳ֮ˡ
Ҳ༸ʮꡢ꣬˵ʱǵӡУҲռҪһϯ֮ء
Ӧˣһͬүү˴ǣͬһվſҲŷݱ
ӴӻͬȥɳǶһ·ʻϣ˳ȥ
Ҫֽ̧ϵ绹⡣
ſ̽ͷ֣ûң㴩ȥɡ
ҾͲˡͣ˶վ˳£űͷҴҵԺʮ÷÷ˣϽƽǣٰ÷磬ʫգ
ӦԼվǰĽ
ÿһҪʲôŵĿ꣬Լ
תһ룬ԼӣѧҪѧЩƴȫҲѧõġ
һ룬Ȼˣͬӱת̨ףӲŽȥ

صУѩѾˮ
һ̱ȥϴһ߰磬һҪҪʲô
ⶼ˵ãȵϴ֮ҲûϢȥ鷿ɽյ黭ϰֱѩȥϢջҪţŷеıʡ
ҹʣ¹ڶҲƵĺ
ϳȴʱ䣬ҲӲųȥ֡
ڳϣеԪһֱڿԼ
۹۱Ǳǹģ²Ӧҹͬ˴ͻ£ԳԪȲ³Լʸ
ƫƫճҪ࣬ȺִҲóԪ۷ġ
ʸҲֻ鶼߶ٳˣŷԸһ˳
УԼȥ鷿š
Ԫۻ˳鷿УѾˣһϲ֪϶ҲҪԼ۶Ůµģȥ
ȵһԪ̷Ըϲ衣
ڳվôòԲȣ΢һϳҪܲˡ
ԪԼȥ£ЩŻģ³ԼԪ۶ˡ
ţȵڵãǱĲԺſڵҹޣ޸ָ飬֪
űӣͷ֪
ĥôԪ˵ģ˵˶顣
һ룬һ߹۲Ԫ۵ɫӦֻ˵Щϲû˵ԭǱ˵ٴԭ򣬽Ԫʲô򵥵Ļʲô
һΪ˳Ԫۡ
ɫشĻҲô򵥣һʱò׼ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬̽Եʵͬ˵ʱͬˣ
ͬˡ˵ͷųԪ۵ɫȻǶԼ˵ĻŰɣǶ˵䣬ӲòڣΪŮָӵˡ
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģô˵ֶΡ
ҲԸԼĲݲھǡ
ԪۼȻĴӦԼҹͬʺ飬һϲ˳˵ӲĻ̫ǧ֮ʱ޾ּͻ飬Եϲһˡ
һѿڶɣ
ţԼеĳԪһ䲻ɣʱʵС
ǰĺѣᶨصοԣⲻСⲻһһ
ԪЩżۿҪվˣ˵˫ϲţⲻǺܺ
ĻӱӸ㣬֮λôҲŵԣƸԾܾôɴࣿ
ĲӦ˵ŮӴһֱûб߶ꡣĻãϼ縺Σò׵ûŮҪص
ԪȥΪԼĶ̫㣬ԺѲŲŮ޹
⡭ѵҪԼ˵ѻλŻɿ
˻Ƭ̣ڳһ˵ӡ
Ԫ֪ԼҪˡ
̾һ˵ðɣҲǿǾֻκͻ顣
Ԫ룬ZҪС꣬ٵȸһҲǵȵõġ
һθ˸Ȳָɡ
ȹ걦Ҳˣóˣʱٿ
ʱ䣬š
Ԫ۲ٶűⲻţֻδͻ飬һ
˱ӣӵԳԪһʵصл¡
ô¡أԪ۷Щͷˣæ˵
Ů׼Ǻ£ôԼжأ
Ժ󣬳Ԫͬһ¡
˵ףֻҪӲ֮Ȼǲһ¡صġ
ɲҲһλʱһλһ븮
Ԫ۵ھǲܱġ
ʾԼףԴû飬ֻʵѡɶˣһҹŮ
Ԫû󽫾ҵĶŮ
ֶŮڽλСڻص֮ഫţһλӸУμ޹ȥУֻ²̫ù

αԺѾգ֮УԺ˶ǲɢ˳ȥֻʣɣ黹ߣĸоǻص컨ʱ
ܳȥȴɣ飬ڵĲѾڿŴʦ鵤ҩ֮´кת
ΪǱǣҶǣֻеȴ
֮£ͬеĽξҪࡣ
ʧȥ۾ʧȥ˶䣬ֻܱһԺ֮С
Ϊ֪治ڵ̥䵽أ֮ܲ˳ȥܲŤתһУ޲ȥ֮ĺϡ
˿̣ǰͷԼƽ̹ɵС
ȥⶼŲʮգһ֮ڿȷлԶš
Ѿûĵȥ̧ͷɣ飺ڿа취֪ҾûУ

10.1ʼ
, ɣȴû̻ش
Щϡ, ˵лûУкӰ죿
ӵ, УûҲŹ
Z, ҧ˽ͨһ̾͸ˡ
·ͨ, ֻһ
ɽһѾȥʮ, ƽֶҲֻҪٹʮվܲ
, ޵Ӹȥ֮ǰܻ֪֪, ʲôأ
μķӦ, ޴
ⶫŮֶκ, ı, ȴԶӱܵнĹŮ, Ҳӡ
Ҫɣİæ˿Ҳֻһ˿, ¾޴ҲҪѹס, ͬ˵˵Ҿûкӣиû֮Զ, Լ, Ҳǣϡ
˵, ַԼСϣ˾˵ĻкӣͬϺıԻҩ£Ժͻ⵱һ£ǽͷϡ
⺢ӣ޹ȥһҪ뷽跨رס
˾˵ʧһ̥ͲˣţҲԸպڡ
֪ԼȪûȪ֮䣬ʾȻôࡣ
ҪȪĻ赣Щλ䵽ҪڣһգȪ֣Ҳ뱻
ڣܿҪ뿪⸮УҪץסĻȥѰ׹Ҳš
뿪֪ԼҪȵʲôʱټǱ
ţϵһֻճȭɣ鿴ɫȻڵ˵Ȫʲô
νëһָ
ֵʲôȪҺʱ˵
ɣɳƵЦһ˵Ҽ˯òȣо˵λεʱŵĶʮֲ˵ıˡ˭У̩УУ
ΰҧⶫŮӵжôأȻԼ˯֮Լ֪һԼ˵Ļ
βûдɣ֪
˿ֻ̱˵Ȫʱһ֣кܶҶˣҲ֪
ɣ鿴ȥȫĻΪһ˿صĶǵţҲûбҪ
˵˽ţΪѣ㲻⣬ǱѰ۶㻹ǶҼ϶洦
ģɵصҲɡ
ȪĹЧ֪ģĲҪõȪܹκ֪ȪܣԼܹסһ׹
֪˯ʱͻ˲סҲԼ˵λ
ʲⱦܣɣҲٶ˵ֻǰġ
´ͬʱҪȪ֮¸֪漴ֽ⳶ιĵϣ֪ԼǷУҲûа취
ʲô취Ȼ飬ξͲͬܿĿ⡣
ɣڶңһַŮǷУȵһ֮ڡ
˵Ŵת˽յŴ
˽ԺӵŷסˣЩԺ⳨ĴҲһϣϢɫ赲
ļѹʱڴҲ
μڴվƬ̣תԼ˵ǶҵŮͬǵһ֮Ҫ֪ԼǷУȥץȡҵһ
ʵȻأ
Ȼ󣬡ɣڴ˿УȡŮӵҺϡ
˵˴ף¶߾ɫȥ
ɣŵץȡǴܣŮӵҺ֮֮ѣ֤ŮСô˷ȵһ֮ڣжϳǷС
ҵЩŹַδš
ǰ¶ɣõЩҩЩŵġ
ֻǡü˴ǱܣڱҲҵõ𣿡
ɣҲˣҪõϼգͬϣִ
Ҫͬϵ˲ǡ
ɣʵܹϢݳȥٽܴ
γƬ̲˵ܡ
ϱĿ޸ⱲǽŮٸһҲܵ
һ޹ȥҪͬΪŮӶ£ǳ룬Ҳǹ˼ɣ֪һУüƻ׼
䣬ͷʱ䣬ͷŮӻ԰һʳдҴҵĺɫţʲô˷֡
һɽ˽ȥŵͬͬѣͶһģһĴҡ
ͷŮʳи
ֽӹȻ׼õ
ͷŮȥͷѹЩǿó㲻ҡ
Ӧѵá
ڴӼɽȥ֮ǰֶԼǮŮ˵ţ극ʳߡ
Է˵Щ
ʳУͷҴҵ߻·ϣεԺ⡣
ǰţͷģװ죬ŽԺϿĽŴ򿪣ʳе˽ȥֽյʳдԭλó
ҵš
СԼݹϢҪԼͷĻһ˵ʱеĵһӦСˡ
Сſʱ̣ܶܿ¹ϡ
Ҹûô龰վ֮ͱֲشߴϽ뿪
Ӧһǣʳдԭ·Ҵҷأһ·ûײʲôˡ
ɽ֮˵ʳУץһҳŽʳн˵ǸŮУ˵ˣȥɡ
ݶŮ֮ٽ˻
ǴӼɽһǰһسȷ˷֣Ųͬķȥ
һصԼҵԺţһͰ
ǵõȥεϢҲͷŮģθǮⷹϢ֮󣬾ͰϢֽ˴С
ûб˷ְɣܹʵ
ҡҡͷȥѡ
ȵԼ·ͬһǰҡ
ŵֽ֮ʲôҲûС
ֻֽдҪʲôʱ䵽ȥˣ˵ҪȵʲôˣԷʲôҪʲôȴȫûġ
ҿԼĵʵڸô죿
ܹ³Ƭ̣˵Ҫȥɡ
дʱգֻҪУָλȥվŵȱˡ
һεĸܼڸУ˶ΰӡ
Ҫǰ켬ֵ£ǻƴǣֻҵǼȥһûʲô
һ̶֮󣬾;ܹ´Žȥ
ڶգܹһȥвɹһ֮󣬼ʱˣŽָĵطվš
ǸֿڣģҲ˭ҪͬԼͷ
ʱȻˬ죬ҲǾˡ
վƬ̣ͷϾ˺
̲ס̧ʱܹ¾ͷԼŽҲˡ
һӻʲôʱߵģʲôߵģȫ֪
ţֽдҪվһӣܹǳ񣬼š
һӲൽʱежһŴУͷһֻǽֻصԼС
ܹ¶ͷϵĺøˣôˣ
ȻʱѵٻûǽջУҴҵ뿪
¥ϣٽֵλϣ¥µܹ뿪ıӰ
ղžߵȥȡǽһ
ɣڽҩۣѰ˻ﶼŲֻҩιĳܹ
־ɣʲôϢǶܹ׵ؽͷ
ڼɣֽµģҪƵҩˮܹԳּϢ֪еľҲ֪ҪԼʲôȥͽеͻܹС
ȵǿֽϵϢ֮󣬹ɣҪĴ׼ˣɣ鴫ϢȻصܴȥ
ܹ»صУֽϵϢҪԼպٻصǸطȥȡһϻӣְֽŻ˽뵽ϻӾҪȥĶˡ
ϢҪҪԺȥܹԥһ˲
ȥȥֻűߵֻῴ⡣
ˡǣֻǽҺֽѹż֮ȡϻӣһظΡ
-
īһգֽ֮üնȻȥֽĳ½Ӵļ֮У֮ǰԼµ黭̶˷š
ֽĹ̫࣬ҪԼԺʵֻھҪԼĿԺðһĹߣֲһ
չȥ¥Ҳ׸͸ˣԽһɫ
ڼ˼յĻ¥ñͣīܣͬԼһԼһô޸ġ
ܣͬһûмˡ
ϸһûжε飬ֻ˵̫ǧҪ빬ŮҪµͷ棬Ҫڸ̫ǧϻ˼
¶Ҫģܽ˱ȥʵǽۡһ˵ţһָ̧˸ؿڣܾؿڷƣҲûо񣬶ǽЩֵġ
ĻȻ飬ʵ˴ûУ
ǿˡһ˵ϱ֪˵ʲôҲֻܽȥ˻԰УҲͬ˵ﲻʲôµѾ˼죬Լоʮа˾ˡ
ģԼĺѼɩô꣬ڵóԸֻ̲ס۾һס֡
Цѹ£ȴ˵Ҳ˵ֻġ
иоǶȻǲˡ˵ţָ̧Сֻһ̥Ǹк˵ţϴŵִ׶׹ŸʯԱֱֻʣǱģִ̧ʯһ£Цģ
ǰ˸첲Լŵִ˵ձ⽫ִңҾһֱϣûժǸиģһǵóԸţմ˱ĸ
ĻԼŮȷʵǴŸȻͬǷֱô꣬ǻصߣʡĹɡ
֮£ڱԺеξĽʧ
̫ֻ£ӵ̬ȣ֪νӸѳɶֻŴǰ޵½ȥı׼׼˼ױȥӸ㵱ԵѾٹܡ
̫ǧٽͷ֮ʱ̸Ķ£ʹѾ½⼸˱ܡ
һصĲдܵĸСҸҲһ¡صɳʹš
Ϊҷ˹һ̹ҲǴ˶ҹڵĳЩ̬ȣű̫ٳĻǰأҪı֧֣ĶһܹĶѾõҡ
룬ԪŷЩʹ齵ʹݣ˵µ۵ǻȣǰĿ֮һͬҵĹһҲѰһЩ֧֣
ŷ˶٣ŵǳᣬˡ
ԪһҾͷ󣬰ֵôЩʹǴܣҪ֤ǲھг£ɼԺͻӪ𡣡
ǡ
ŷ鷿ֻԪۣͳ컢ӪĻӲҲ״Ʋ𣬡̫ǧ´Ϊļλӷַ⣬ΪѡĵΣ
Ԫ̾һǲɿڣʲô취
ŷ˵ĸٳ񷱶࣬ĻӻСѡ͹˵ɡ
λӷַĳƺŶѾԵ֮УһλҲ
Ҫָ飬Ҫȸϳͨھоûв͸ǽܿ˱֪ˣӿŮڲʧͬ½׮ԵҪӸΪĲˡ
ϢеĹŮǺεȵ⣿
ǽƽŹӶԾһɣ߬ŵĹȫ˵ϡ
ô£⻹ǰ֮
Ϣ֮ʱԼԺǰֲ÷
Ůɡ⻰ĲӶˡ
ʲô
ƽ֪𾪸Ҫ㡣
˵ôʱӻͣ治ߣԭԭζﻳŵӵĺӣ
ѹֱ˵Լͻ֪Ϣ֪εҪδԼҪ׼Ҫ𾪡
ν˲𾪣ϲĲĻôһ
վɾϵҪҴҵȥ⡣
һ룬ոһȥҲûűˣ⼸Ǹһȥ޸ˡ
ǣôԵʲôӰ첻
еרעڸʦѧϰϡ
Ȼȥ⣬Ҳͣס˽Ųȥ˸ա
һߣһºˣԼ㲻ٱˡ
ô𾪣ֻԼ֪飬ʱһ˽Ҷѵ΢ԽС
ʹУѩƢ
֪ԼҪ޸磬Ļԭʮָ˵ġ
СϲԼ磬ܹ޸һ飬ȴҪһȢһӣѩ͸еҲʲ
ùãڹϣƾʲôҪһţ
ڹ̧ḧͷ˵ôܸͬһţ̧ýȢ̧ȥĻҪգһ̧СֻܴӲŽǲһġ
ѩҧ촽ͳգʲôã
Ҫ֮λռݱеλãȻҪޣȵµ֮ȹ˵λЩҽ
ͽԼţлһлǱѡġ
ѩΣʱֻǸʲô
һŮҲԼһ
ڹֶŮڱ߽ߵ磬ĸȡǸҸҹֻܽڽʱԼܽ䡣
ڹ̵Ҫ޵ȡ޽Σ㲻Ǳ˭ҲˣҲҪϥ£ĸ
겻ͬͬһţҲǱȲġ
ڹô˵ţѩ罥ƽеùõָԼ޵òôϲƢҪ

мǸз1933Ϸǿնطзһֱõ1960ڡ
Ȼҵĵλòڷޣûַצܣˣ
-
ǵĶʲô

10.1ʼ
Ů, ڹЦԽᡣ
Ȼ, Զӵѡڹʵʮġ
˵ҪлΪĲʱ, ڹĹܲܳɡ
ʺҪƸĿΪĻɿڣѵֵĿ, ͻӦ
˵ֻҪ, ڹҲӡ
û뵽ڶճԪ۾ԼУ˵, ȻĴӦˡ
ڹͬʱ, иϲ
ߴ·ߵˣմ֮ʱ, , Ҳվӡ
Ů̩Ļ, ֮һϵ, ڹؼʱͻΪҪ, ĳЩУ̬ȡ
ڹһ, һִֶ߽Ů˻ֱ
ҪľԼĶӺլ
̫ǧ, ָɼң, ڴ֮Ҳо
ѩŹĸվ, ڹӺݻ, ˵ùã˵ºͻʺβΪĻָء
˵ףԣZˡ
ǰڹЦһ£̧˵йȻҪָҲҪϸѡ࿴һ˵ţһǳЦڲָ飬ǻڵɶ
ǲ֪ʺôģйձȨǺ£ڵλȹ̣Zעؾ񣬳ھӪ¡
Ҫʲôˣ²м֮ûãǻλͳײˡ
ʺֻ֪֪ͨȴȴˡ
⣬ӵһѡڹҲѡ
ѩ佫ϵڴϵһڹѡĳ֮Ů
˵ĳλòߣھӪպķչȻܹ
һͻ飬ĸӾ龫ǣΪӪйǱȴһš
ʺĸӣǾˡ

ǽҷڷͳȥԺѾȥգȴûκϢԺе˼ַꡣ
һϢ鶼ãǵһҲûá
ȵյʱ䣬ɣ齫ʳдŵĶӹûԺд򿪡
߹£ûȥǧƪһɲµóʽķˡڱ϶У͹ʳﶼǲиɵģףȴ˿θ
ɣʳó˼̲ˣٴһ㡣
շһĶǽշȴһϻӡ
һϻӣϱ¶Цݣ˵ˡ
ˣ
Ļ֧ϵ֣Լǰȱȱʳпȥ
ɣȡһľϻȻ򿪣һֻϻܣӸճ಻ͬ
οܲҲУǿɣ飬𣿡
˵ܻ

ɣ齫ϻӷһԣԻȡһƿҩۣӣصһЩϡ
ϻڴҩ֮һӾʹӷ·״ָ̬ϻ﷢˽
֮ɣֽҩƿϻ¸ϣֻһ졣
ϻӷŵһԣ˵Űɡ
ھ뽫ɣ˵÷ãϾù֮Ҫղܼŵʱ䣬ҲֻɣĻƺһЩ
ܱϻУڱҺ֮󣬾ɣһϡ
Ҳ֪ԺʲôιģװͼϻѾȥӵſ
εĿͬǰı仯ɣΡ
ɣĴ𰸣ֱ
ɣҡͷڿǵգٵա
ȥеԼĶҪĥǵڣҲֻǵȡ
ֹգȵޣڷвɣ飬Ҳ֪Ǿͳ˷ţԺ֡
ʱͷûжԺϴ˶ľ屻˿Ժһͣס˽Ųŵķ򣬼ľ屻˿˼յԺڱ򿪣Ӱź
˶ˣδϵɫһתϲ
ԭعӯӯݷʵףĸףФŮμĸס
ֱգټҲȻԡ
ͬһź˽ߵԺУվǰ
ûȥΣҲûгţͬ˵ٹվ̫ǧʱ̫󽫻ָ飬ָ
ѾԤ뵽Ӳ⼸ֵʱεͷڵأǱ˱۾˲ޡ
ϱӾôѿҲãʱȴǷⱻָΪⱲҪZȴˣ㡣
վԣԼ籦ϧ꣬ԺȴҪͬİ·ŮڵΪ£Ϊ㰲żױԺŲٷҲܳȥΪ֮
˵㲻ٿֻת˵ү߰ɡ
á˵ͷӵתԺ뿪ڵϵνϵĲֻ˰ںޣŮ͸ĸס
ôһϢִ뿪
ԺӵûٹϣҲӰ
վԺվƬ̣ɣŲ֪˳
ϲ˵Ŀ԰ˡȻѾ֪Ǿǰ϶ٸı䡣
תϻָһĮѾˣн
ɣóϻӴ򿪣ûвѣûлС
Σ
ضϻеܣԼЩһһǰ֡
ػһȻΪһ仰ҪͬһΣ
еŭӿɫ԰ס
һһѶɣеϻӣͬһݺݵسŵȥ
ϻڵϣҲ˳ŻӴܡ
μŭģǰһڣ˹ȥ
һɣͽס
Һֻˣûоˡ
ˣɣһΣ˷С

Щʱ򣬵ȵ¥Ѿڸ¶ˡ
һΣӽסתͷҪ֦ͷӸУĲļױҲ٣Ӵ˳ĻʼϱŮӡǣһһߵøߣԶ
⼸ն¥ûйעЩֻͬүүһ޸ɽԶͼ
Ļ޲Ѿɣȫɫӱʡ
ȫɫҪ©ʧȥɫãʹûͳһ
һҪ⡱Ҳ۴ĸǶȿȥǲȥɫ
ӱҪȫ©Ķϱʣԭıʷٴ
޸ͷ·ǴԽʱգͬɡɽԶͼһͼ
Ȫ֣ʸı䣬ĲǹĿ̡
⻭ġдĶȲܰٷְעԭǰҲûԼ
ˣֻԿţôһɽԶͼȫһʡ
ÿһε⿴վڡɽԶͼǰ𻭱ʵʱ򣬾͸еүү·ͷűһˡ
ıйļأ˵а˳ߣθߴͦΣСĻȫһӣǵϿʼ޸ʱСӰһ㡣
һ̣壬һһȥԭȥԭȣٵֻһʱ⡣
īգѧĲǵֽ֮Ҳѧνֽɣ޸ЩѾͷĻﵽ޾ɵЧ
޲ɽԶͼʱͼֽī󣬾ϰִ˱īգѧǵļȻʦ
ֽͬ˱ţһѾһȴƳͬǰ̯ϣδ֮ʱһո½ס
ЩȾֽŵ߱ⶼһףڼ䲻ֽһȴǿԡ
ϲ˯׹Ŀռȥɵַүүֵ˼أЩŵȵͬ¥޸ɽԶͼĵգѾĽɫɵĹɱ
¥ǹӣܿһһŵĻǰǲ֪ƣ͵һ˻һ޾ɡ
ʳæգɽԶͼڻָ˵ձɵʱӡ
֮գǰװѺãүүػֳһɽⰻȻ֮Ļʥ֮ıʴ͸Ⱦʧ
վŮԣͬóʱǲȫһġɽԶͼͬԼıδϡ
Ǻ֢ûգҲֲף޸ЧҲôá
ϧŷ͵⡶ɽԶͼ޺ã֮̾Ҫߣգ϶黭ҲϲҲӦΪκԼĵлһǡ
ɽԶͼ޸֮գϰҲˡ
С֮̾ͼǰͬһ
ϼԼΨһھǵĹʽüĵʱ򡣡
ϰЦ˵ʱܲ
һָȥǰƱõɰӡ
ӡɫںУžԳһɫľ
ո޸õɽԶͼˮȱʧӡһǣͼ޸ãӡ䴦ҲȻǿհס
תͷүүӻȡ˸ӡ£ϰŵӡմȻ˫հ׵Ľϸӡ¡ȵÿ֮ʱʾӡǣͬǰóõĻʥֺ֮
ϰȡңˢմˣӡɨ
ӡ¶ʱһʱԵøͬһ塣
ϰջ˴ִؿڣ˵ˣ¿ŷˡ
޸ɵʱԭԼõãһ첻࣬һ첻١
ʣһʱͼû޸ȴһֱûߴ١
֪ⶫ˻ɽסţʱʱĻͬ¶϶Ϊ˻Сʱͼ¡
ϰӡ࣬⻭̾ձǾҲҪˣȴͽܣһЩ
Ļ˱һۡ
޸ȷʵΪбڲô졣
úܣѧϰҲúܣָĴĶӱʵ϶ޱ⡣
⣬СѾͷʱǰ˵ҲǻУҪǻԶ
ⶼѾ֪үүһ˵ģʽˣô˵͵Լúܺˡ
СԱһ䣺Ҳ޸Ļ
үүѧ˰ܲ뵽黭޸Լ
Сƽǣλŷڿ޸õġɽԶͼҲǰĿ⻭ϣþδ
Ȼ¥˽⻭ְ׼õĲٷһ̻Ի͵ϻ
ϻӿͬǳһϻӻ˽ɫĳȻҪͳȥʶΪʲôŷҪҪôˡ
ŷ˻̧ϻϸתͷŻ˵ұˡ
϶һ֣ʾԱ㡣
ŷȴûߣĿԱ߻δʼ޸ġʱͼϣָʱ⣬һȴʲôʱ޺ãʲôʱã
⻹δ˵׼ȲĻϾ˵˶ٴǷģһȥ
ŷЦûȦִԼģš
·ߣŷ˹Ȼ˫ͬˮϣЦ΢գ΢Ц
Լʲôͼ̧֣˵ԼգŴŻϻ˴뿪
̧֪һһָ⣬֪ʲôʱմ˵̻ҡ
ղȻԼ
ϣ軹û͵
ԼŮСѾͷҲȷʵˣŷִ㻥СѾͷѵǱ˵Ƥ󣬶ˣ
ûүү뷨ŴҪȥҸطϴϴٻȥ
תŲ豭Ļ˵үүռȻ£ҲȥϢ
޸ʱͼҪٹһ̫ǧ֮ʱܹүү
úáϳ˻֣˵ȥɡ
˵꣬ȴûߣǴյǰֺõصүүոڻϸǸӡ£ɲԽҿ
뿴Ͽһۣ˵ǿүүԷļһ
ˣ˻˵ܸǾ
˵곯˻֣ʹߡ
Ͻסôʲôүүľģʲô㲻ܿģ㡣
˵ţְǸ˳˱⣬ؼȥĥĥãٻүү
ϲ⣬ӡ»ؼҡ
ԭҪúоһȥεԺԺ󣬳֮ɫã㽫õҪоӡ·ݺװԺСˬ㣬ʳҪȥԺӡ
ߵһ룬ӦΪεļױڲˣʱдɩŵģͽһתȥһ
ѩʳиʵȥˣ
Ȳȥ˵ȥĸǡ
̫Ժӣһʱ̫Ǹո꾭˵ˣ̫ԼŮ
һݣֵ̫ͬ
̡ȵؽһ̫ߡ
̫»˾УҲʱȥ֣ڸоסԼҲģʱͬĸ밲˶һûмˡ
̫Լ£ִŷֻ̧㰡ǲڼأʦѧʲôȥˣ
Ⱔ̫Լ鶼˵ˡ
̫ţЦǽ˵á
µŮӣѰ˼ңԸܹ޸÷żУȻһǹŮӣ˵ʵҲ࣬ûôࡣ
ҪҵԼϲ£һֱȥǺеġ
̫ԼŮϣһֱ
ʱ⣺ѵʱ䣬ôûȥǣ
ͣԭȥǶģϲĸ㶼ѾŪˡ˵һָϵʳС
̫ǲϲЩãԱʵ¸㲻ĸ͡
֣˵ŴɩӦͬ޵¡
Щױ£ȥ˸ǶŸɣǣöҲǣֻܸţ粻ȥˡ
Ҳԡ̫صʡȥˣɩȥİɡ

10.1ʼ
̵, ֻСһ֡
һʱ, ֻôţûĶ
ֻС¹ֻԺôһʱ, ιôʳȪҲѩһ, , 
İ̧̫Ůֱ
, ؿһ, Ƿ˽Ų, ˳ȥ
ʱ, Ǹ̻ᱦһЩ¡
ͬʦѧȤ, ܼҵ˽, Լĸ, ý̸ľһ
̵ֱۣ̿ڵʱҾ˵һ, һÿͷ·ʱ, ܾԼԶҲﲻ·ľͷǵȵ, վյ, ֻûͷ·, ԼҲ˺ܳ
̧ͷ̣̫Ŀºֳǻ̵ۣ·Ѿʣ²ˣ·ܳ·ܶˣǵЩһʼȥǸһģɽؾͻֵ𡣡
ֿͬЩ˵УΪڵأ֮ϵôܡ
ҲΪԼıǰ̣ǵ棬İ·
ǰһˣټȻѡеԼƴ¶ȣںһˣպ󲻹ʲôõӦԾǳĬ
ΨĬߵΨĬᶨľܾ
̫˵֪˵ʲô
ͷȻ֪˵ĺһΡ
ǰһˣ룬Ҳǰˡ
̫ԺӲ볼ӼȻཻ̫
ҵϱͳл룬Ҳҵķڣ
Ծڴˣ̫Ҳٶ˵̫ࡣ
Цеת˻⣬Լȥ̫ǧҪĳûУ
⿤Σͻظһմ̫ϣΪͳλ
ȥһأ·Ҫˡ
Ѿˡ˵ջùԣڵĵطҪ޸ĵģûȥˡ
̫ˣ˵áȻʲô
ִվ·̫˵ȥƹĳó
ǡȥȡ˸ľϻڱǰ򿪣
ϻŵǿڣν㣬԰˿Ŷ飬ǿҫ۶Ŀĺ챦ʯΧֻȸɱʯ׺
ÿÿһűʯ鶼Ƕģ׹Ƕϻгֳҫ۵ĹʣôҲ֪Ͽ·ٴж䡣
̫һͷֱ㽫ϻӺˣС
ع˵̣ıʯġ
ⱦʯ鶼̫ĳǶġ
λ·Ȼˣ⳯ȴǴǰδġ
̫˽ĳͻ˾ƷԼϵıʯΪ´Ƕ
Ȼǵͣظģ˵Щ𻵣Ҫûعȥ޸һıʯҲǿԵġ
ⱦʯ̫ޣˣڴˣȻҪ㡣̫Ůĵõ˵ȥǶˣһ⳯ھȫµģˣȵ̫ǧһôϡ
ϻӣ챦ıʯܽ˶ݣ⳯ϵıʯ붫ǵ̫ɪȥѰģڲԽ£Ƕڳ͸ޡ
ȥ̫ߵɷйصʣǶˣ̫׹飬ֻ⳯ĲǷ֮û䡣
Ϊ˸һµĳڣⱦʯ붫鶼ȡǶĳھʹˡ
⻹ԥ̫Ц˵ŰɣⲻҲִ𣿡һ˵ţһ߾еıִҾ͹ˡ
ǿſӨ飬̫в֮ԵñոմĥʱԲϾ
ˣҲ񣬶ٺõıڿһֱţҲɳʧȥ⻪ʵϲǺءҲЦȰ°ɡ
ľϻͬĸ֣صصлֱ֤һúð⳯ڵġ
ĸһˣǿģȻȥʱôһĳڡ
ѩԣ˵ǰ·һһ˵ȸĺõĳˣͿһˡ
ӦţȻصԺеʱ򣬾ͷԺƽЩ
űͣ½ŲϻӣͬʳеĶѩһۣôˣȻ˲żȥ
ȿ쵽ſڵʱüü΢
һѩ̶ͬһ񣺡
ţͷôˣ
Ů΢;ۣĿƹԼ￴ȥ
üδش𣬱洫ˣɽҺõȡ
磿۾һź˳
лվǰ¶һ紺ǳЦ
ʱ丮ô߰£лΪ׼ǣֻׯȥ飬ⶼûмˡ
ǰĿӣܾʱ䲻ֱøҫ۶ĿѹһͼԼŮô겻ᡣ
˵һѩҲӷ˳
ͨ׵è׷леֱβֽͣתһȦע⣬ҪԼ
ոձⲻллôãΪѩڡ
ѵüлеèڸܻرԺδһȻҪˡ
лдĿ˿Լѩֻ˲ٵè
ľϻԸ˵磬ǽȥɡ
лѩ°ͣѩ׵è๾Ա˵ͷö˾ﶼŶݡ
ѩվһԵĻü˵ȥ屭СĸҲ
üӦǣϵĺЩ˶ѩʳУСȥˡ
ѩתż⽫ϻӷϣͬǰ
ѩſӵϣ۾Լë
ѩ˹ȥϵϻõȥպãñѩһȥ
ʸ磺ʲôʱģʲôʱģ˺ܾ𣿡
ģҹʱ㷽ȥãȥĸǶˣҲȥĸǶһˣȴû㣬ٻһ󣬵ҲǺܾáõ⣬лкģλش
͸ˣȥׯ徲ض飬ʮʦҲͬһ𣬽бʮַġ
˵ҸղȥǶˣ̽ҵĳȥǶһҺ̫ǧʱš
лţøոձֻľϻĸǶĳӦͷˡ
ţʵʲô£Ϊ˹𣿡
лпЦۣԼǻشֻǵҲʮֻϲ
΢΢һЦȡһŽ˱⣬˵ҽ㣬оʹ
ţֽӹŵŷʲôֶûдһŷĿڻ˻ϣԵʮء
˭дŸԼҪأ
ˡлмŵУѩһУèͽؽһȥлкվ
ͷŸ磬˵ȻѾ͵ҾȻȥˡ
áæվлȴ΢΢֣ʾԼԴһѩ·ϲµèë뿪˱Ժӡ
ǰĿŷϣȥ˲ֽСŷϵĻ
ѩպ˳ڳֻűǰŲŷ⣬ˣ˹ʵ𣿡
šû̧ͷĿۺõֽϣڻע⵽ŷϵİƣͼԼǰδŲչֽ
ֽչ˲䣬ĿⴥϤıʼľͨһ£
⣬
š
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ʮʦҲСֽ⿴ýб֪ʮʦߵΣվдġ
˿ȷԼŵͷʽдԼţȸԾ
ܿ죬ȸԾͱЦ⣬ӳŮɢ΢΢ĺΡ
ѩűţ±ͬüһ˫

ü˲㣬Ҫż
ѩ˱⣬̧˸ơ
üͣסŲ֮󣬶ѩֳ˻֣ʾ¡
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⿴ŵٶȺܿ죬ȫŵһ飬ֻʮһ֡
̶̵˲ϢѾŴͷβһ飬˰дϢȻٴͷʼһ飬ŷ
ֽϣᰵıīе͸ֽǳ
գգۣ۾ӳϵ
ǻĺţ·Ҳҹеһǡ
ѩӣվԱ߿ôˣ˭дţ
ʲһȴǲŷֶѩվԼһһ
ѩվԭؿЩϡصĴ𰸡
תͷ˶ѩŰ˰֣˵ûʲôǸѣһȥ˺Զĵطѡ
ѣ
ѩ룬Լһֱߣʲô鶼֪ǱʲôʱһȥԶѣԼôûӡأ
ű⽫ֽװǴŻڵŷУӴҪġ
ӰѹأȻҲʲô֮ѩԷģߴűȥϴЩޡ
ѩû뿪ôãʽļĻһţдһȷʵйоأû˿
Ƿⱻװŷ׼ŵ׹ռȥд
⣬
ʦ뿪Ѿȥ£롣
ǰڱܣʱֻڱׯٵȥñʮɽҲûʲô
ɽϣʶֻʦʦǣڱܣʶҲֻ磬ֶһ㡣
룬ҲžϵظصĲͬԵòϰߣסòϰߣҲûʶˣʱڱׯϵ÷ڸʱ׵ǿ
ãϰ֮彡׳ûҲӦһһ˸˵¡
Ҽҵֳ
֮ǰһֱΪԼǸ¶ΪûмԲűʦʦÿڿԻؼͬž۵ʱֻͬʦһɽϡ
û뵽һ˵ġ
һʦһ룬Ϊȥҵֳ
Ҹһĸֵͬܣǰ̣Ҹһģһһμվӡ
岻ãܲá
ΪԵʣҲܳһʱڣҶܻص룬ߵܽһ죬ҸҲкһ졣
ϣʱط꣬ҲһرܣֻԸ⵽ǿһͻҲһѩͬ
Ϸ磬ıڣء
֡

ʮ 23:03:16
Сдţдô׶԰С
ûĲɣ
ľ 23:03:21

Ϊţ
ʮ 23:03:28
ᰣҵ豾ûô顣
ľ 23:03:29
ֱж

10.1ʼ
׹ռ, , ȡ
Ϸſľ壬ֽ
ڸ᰻, д֮ȴûдĳȥ
룬ܸźֹǧǺ㴫, Ҳɲľ롣
, дԺͽͬԼõǿһ, һ֦, һлټͰѻŸһ
̫ǧٽ, Ҳһ
ŵһ·ϴϷ̨ﾰ, Ѿ˴Ϸˣ, ̫ǧһ, ؽֱݡ
, ʱɽ£ĸɮ, Ҳصо䡣
̫ۺӹгһ·ߵ, 񳯰ʱγ㾰
ӪĽʿվ, ԼԺĺȺ, һС
ǰصĸʹŶѾһµʹݴ, գܳڽʱܼ߱ĿСͣҲܼĶˡ
ЩڽֺУĴµĵƦåҲٸȫӽ˴ţһʱߵﶼƽ
ĳ޸ĺã͵Ժ
ͬվھǰΪںȻ˺һʢװŮص³׺ˣ㿴
˫ۣžеԼԼòȻûô仯ٴһδصʱϵѾͬ
ѩȡǶĳ˱ǰĳȡˡ
ϡ
ǰһִľϻ
ϵıʯϻеĹ⻪һ˲͸˳
ƹĹ⻪ڵĳڣȫȻ⻪䣬ͬԼĳкβͬ
Ϊ˳ڣ˵ãʮ䣬ٻױĽ֦Ҷ
ͳԺ֮ǰŷ͹Ƶȥ
ԺУԺŲٷȴȵ̫ǧգΪҪͻ飬ҲҪȥ
Ҫѣڹ֮ǰ˸ġ
Ϊ׼ױкܶණҲ֮УһһΪúõġ
˵Ůڲ֪֮ǰϧ˹
֪ԼŮԺҲɴá
Ǵױķ棬ֻҪ˶ܹ
Ըһۣ֪˵ж
䵽һԹñˣ·ԼߵģԽԽխҲѡ
·ԭѾõѴϣȻЩ䡣
̶̼գһȦ
εɫãĻѿѹס
ֻܶϵױҪϵһЩ״̬һЩ
ڵǸٽ·ҲΪǿ
ĿԸıһ࣬һ֮Ҳᵼ²ͬĽ
Թ˳ڸöѩպá
Լͬԣɩ𻰡
Ȥڼ޹֮ǰұΪǸæˣ벻ŷ־бһڵġƽ㶼æòӰڸţҪ˰ɣ
ûŵġ˵ʦǶȥҾԺЩС
һ˵ţһߺݺ裬ȥԼ鷿ϻùױƵķɩǰ
һһʮФԲģ̬䣬һϲ
ģĴ̲ס΢΢ЦݣȡһֻСָĦһ£ôЩС
һصδѣ͵ɩʲôʱСֶСֶŮһͿԸ
ͷУûǣСʺϲˡ
ԭڿϻеС⻰̲ס΢죬һڣСӼҼҵģ
ĵǿԣҲҪɩӵ¡
ֻϱһӲãɩҲһֱûкӣźⲻϱӵźⱲ
еСҲʶطСϡ
ᣬǰڳɻ֮ѸپϲΣͬ˻ҲֻһΣ׵ػˡ
лڼôЩʱˣ֢״ҲޣҲЩġ
˴Ҳ˵û⣬˵ǰЩ庮ǵȼԺȴǽںתҲָտɴ
ַСϣԼӣűɩӵʲôУõشƣҲӦǻתġ
ֹȥסϵֻ֣ͬ˵ɩӿɱңҾôһ˵
عЦһۣҪڣƫƫ˵˵飬ҵɩӰڷУ
ġһ£ֱ̧šóұ˾ǣѲΪһҽ𣿡
ЦһŻȥ
һϻԲʮФ˵͸δСֶСֶŮģڻûӰҲ˻ȥ
ЩԲǱɵģĴֱӣƽɩϴԼ͵ӣȻصЩСڼڷУҲȻɢһкϢ
ǾǱĴһˡ
ڵһ˸ͷĴǻϿҪܼҵĴСǱԼҲ֡
ڸգڷ伮о𾭣޸ͼ
һ͸̣ԻرΪԼƳڵ֮顣

ʱڱⷴ޸ͼ׹ռﷴ޸Ĺϵжȹ̫ٳһա
һգݺͻüϴþ߽ķ
ǽŲƿǰһ̣Ӱ³ڴϡ
ǵ֮ǰݵһӽԼס
Ѿмֺˣݺü˺һЩ·
üĴʹݺ֣ȵˮšëطڱϣһȻؽˡ
û˯ıȵëзӱסԼϵë
ݺջ֣űëһͨ۾Ѿˣض˵簡
˿űÿ춼ʮ㣬ϲӭһӣҲĻȾͬ˵簲
ƿӴӴЬźϴ
ѩС˳ԵĶȥԺжǽʳ㣬ñڻδϳʱȳЩӡ
̫ǧӹߵҪͣóһʱ䣬Ȼתȥ԰ϷмҲȥ֣˱ֻĸѩͰס˵˿ܺȶˡ
ȱù֮󣬶ѩŸСѾһʼΪǲ㳯ŰѱƵױǰ£ױ
ͷβͱۣϵԼͿͿĨĨ
ΪͷѾ߽ӣűһͷںŨܵĳһһ̾ͷһǳ̫ˡ
Ǹױ꣬Ÿ㳯Ȼ˳ڡ
ʱĳҲѾ͸ֱսʢװŮϣ·Ϊһ⻪
ԭڱΪϴ£мһֱߴߴý̸Ůһʱſ
ƽǴؾҲ󣬶һ黭ԺżЩҳīĿʢװȫͱһˡ
ϵıʯҫۣҲѹԼĹâ
ƽʱԽأ˾ԽأڴԽҲԽ
ҪڱǰݷĪ嶯
ڳУ鷺Ź⻪ŮһڣҪݷͷʧˡ
ֻ˵ˣСѸˣСңԱʱ֮衣
һз׷ЩЦõĸо
Ӧǣȥ׼
ʲôݷʲôŮ
ǿһڣͻǿ
룬ȷжû©ĲսԴԷվʱ̫ã˭֧㰲ģԼԺ
еʱ̫Ѿ룬Σ
ӡ첻ѾţȵȥˣʣŮǳ˽ӵȥ
ִƸŮԭн̸ȹڴ˹
һʢװ֣·ΧĿˡ
˶ɵͣĿۼϡ
һǼҿһ룬ǽ˶᲻ƿˡ
ŮҲһ⽾
̫Ȼ߬Ǵ飬վ˵ˣˣǾ߰ɡ
һԶԾס̵ֱۡ
̫һЦͬһߡ
ҲгĴȲȥ
УɫĴѾ
߱룬ȥ˹УӦͬһߵģأ
ΣҲҪȥģôû
ߵſڣվŵĸͬʢװ磬ú֬ɫΣ֪ԭˡ
ĸĸ׳лǰȴԭأ
֣֮бһ˲䣬ﵽ˼¡

10.1ʼ
ǽȥ̫ǧ, ʢװҪ, ŵ嶥ӡ
ǰĶʽ࣬һεģͬЩ롣
лмĸ, Ŀϡ
磺մǺÿ
лнͷ, ȻһЦֲҲûм˳, ԭҪʢװ磬ÿ
ˡ̫ûһ, Ц, Ͻ׼ɡ
лӦһǡ
л, ȥƿ˽ӵ, ˽ΣٿŸѽ·̧ʾηߡ
ηߺһΡ̧˵档
лпãҲϽΰɡ
Ը˵ͷҲתԼĽӡ
˵ʱѾ˽, ԼҲڽǰ, վŵ, ʣ±лûеλˡ
, ֮һΡ
Ȼ, ӱ̧, ǰ
ƽճ, ⶼ, Ѿûг˹ˡ
ܽη̧ŽӣּϽеˣų̱Ѱ·ҪЩ
ٶȸϲҲǱȱԤƵʱҪ̾͵ִ˹⡣
һͣΡԺ󣬽ͣƿӣѾͣӡ
ھμ̫˶ʢװ硣
ӽ˱Լ½εĸߣΧЩԼ
ϸ̫ҪųȻͬһ߳ȥľǵȴ
ʢ£ʹķˣֻҪˡ
һߣ˳Ҳ˽ΣϷЦӯӯع̫׼ҡ
׼ҡҲЦͬкһɫ˵׼ǿˡ
׼ҵĸ˳˵ɽµĿŴʦҩת࣬Ҳվһվ
һ˵ţһ߿⡣
ɵؽĸ˳ЦеӦˡ
˱װ磬תͷ̫˵磬ԶԶţ̫
˵̫Ǳĸ
̫ܹǼҵĹѪϻΪżʫе̫С
˿˳ô˵ֿ̫ŮԼѾ߲ģļҳ̫ǻڻϵӰǰ
һ˵ţһ̧Ů
վһԣűվ̫˳֮䣬ܾǵ۰
λ쳾СҲͬջصλϵʱĿⲻһ
ǿǰĿγĶԱȡ
ӿ̲סŴƿһ
ԴշԼûлУװױһZٴԵ֮Ϊᣬֱò϶ؿ˼ա
֪߲׷ȴƲסԼС
״̬ã˵ȥҪͬ˶ǽĳϣ˿Ц
η֣ΪһǲҲȱϯǧ֮硣
ţŴ򿪣̼ϸ˿һŷд˵ĶС
ϼݵ̫ݵ
Ⱥڹ˶ྲųС
ڻĹǰףƷ¹򣬿гƵӭ¡ӭ̫󡪡
ų״򿪣Ԫ۷ֳ̫ź
̫ͷףݴ飬ͬʢװͿ˳Գ
Űݷǰ˵ꡰ̫꣬ǧǧǧǧꡱ̧֮һֻ֣˵ƽ
ڵϣͬһ˵л£л̫󡣡
ȻֱһԼվһȥԼǰһЩ̫
ĸվ̧ͷ̫ݡ
ֻܳĿһŮɨԼĸϡ
̫ǰסĸһֻ֣ЦϽҲˡ
ֲ̫̫ͬͬڼôһ̸Ҳ̫
̧̫һֻ֣뿪ŮĲֱ̫˵̫ǧôҲ
̫ЦɫĵȫΡ
̫ͬ˵ȴ԰Ҫͬϯ
˵֮ŷ̫֣ص˳ԪߣԶ˵ʵۣǱ߰ɡ
Ԫ۵˵ͷ˵С
һ˦ϸٴ̫ݡ
⹬ӵϷͼƺƵһȺҪųȥ
ڳԪ̫󳼣мԼĸ׺ʹ磬ȴûӰ
֮һŮ죬ߵǻʺ
ԭĴ죬Ӧܹһ壬ǳԪ۹оֻлʺڹ˾ʹ׵ĻӹͬͬС
ҳһ·߹ȥҪһЩʱ
һʼǸߵģ̫Ͷ˵ȥɡ
ôһ·߹ȥ̫ûʲô˵ģǵȺСѵȥ߱˵˵Ųġ
ӦˣĿȺһɨ˷ܵسԼֵĽƽǳǱ߹ȥ
˾۵һϴĶͬȼĿŵͬʽĳڣ㿴ңҿ㣬˴˶öԷԼ
ƽ˱֣СոտҪˣֲ˵ںˣһ˶ռ㡣һ˵ţһѹߣʱô࣬һø˵θô¡
˵ס˱֣ˡ
ߵ·ǸոչĲͬһ߳ţѾֵǰ˰²õĴִ˿ȫֳľò
ƮԶԶϷ̨ڳݵϷĿɮڼеĿȫ侰
ӣǵһξֵ䣬ҲǵһμǷľ
ԪҲ˽Ų̫߱еıݡ
ƽȴǵһμֳֵ֣һһߴսʵ˵θұô£
Լľ룬ԼõŮϵë
ƽд˼еĺ棬ԭǼǲ¹棬Σȵιţ١¡ºӣƽҲ֪ˡ
Ǵ˿ֻ̱ǴսСҲ֪
Ҳ֪ƽɴ۾ȴûлɱ˵ѣһֿı飬ôҲġ
ͷһȺεķֹһлΣȳ²ֵֶοˡ
ǸôôûƷλأ
ƽתͷű˵Ҳⲻ˶á
˭ѩ磬󽫾ĶŮֽڹùãڹߣ幫۸
ƽֻص˭֪С־Ҫºˣյһ鹷ҧ˭ε˭
⻰ʶȺѰһѩӰӡ
ƽ˵֪ѩ绹ǴСϲϱȴȣ󽫾ҲԼŮȥ˼ҵĲϱŸԵ
ڹҵѩӰںɻϸҪԼ
ʱʱѣڱ⿴ڸԵ˵䣬ͷʮΣĿⶼǺ޲
ѩԵǸŮģЩųģҲӡ
ҪһΪӲģھѾѩշˣ󣬵ȵμ޹ȥǺεȹԮľء
ⲻɵ룬ƽ˵ûξ㵱ҲǴӴ˸ǡ
ţҪջĿ⣬ȴѩ粻ԶһδŮ
Ůʤѩڷ΢һ˫۾տ
ʺλã̲סʽƽ˭
ĸƽ˳ָķһۣ˱ʵ˭˵̹δӶҴʹصġ
ҵĹ
⿴Լʶһˡ
˵Ƕ֮˶ԽÿòԽƽƽ

дģҼû˯ˣء
¥ϵ˵¥嶼ס
ұ۵㣬Ҫˡ

10.1ʼ
̫ٳ, ССʹһʮ
ԵʹŶӴ, Ψⶫҵʹ̹ġ
ڷŮȻЩġ
ͷŸԵĹҵȰ·ı̫Ľƽ˵λ̹ʮֲ򵥵ģڶܹһ, Ҫѵöࡣ
ջĿ, ʵô˵
㿴ǷţԼҲзصġƽһߣһ˵, ҹľ, ҪڳһطһҲס
Ͼһ֮ҪҪԭܹջػ, ٽһ˵ġ
ƽ۾̵ıӰ, ̹, ˵Ҳ͵õŵ, ķ, ԭ˹ôû, ڶҾҲ˵硣οǸҸŲֹǧǣ֮һ, ߾Ƿ˹
Ҫ֪, ֻ̹ʮһŮ, ǰ滹и곤Ľǡ
Լû㱾£ҵĵôܰµõǿظһγʹܵΣôύϣ
˽ƽĻٿ̣оղѾͬͬ
ƽûٿĿԱһƣ˸ոԼһûԸ幫ϡ
ǹСû˼Ұ͡
ƽֹһҲڱˣڶң˵ùţܲܺúûǸ⡣
ڵֶΣ̹Ĵţֻö̫죬϶ܡ
̹ԼĿ˶Ҫ򿴹æ֮ǰջߡ
һ̣ͼѩͬڹ˵ʲôǰ뿪ҲҪΪӲŮźˡ
ǰߵģȴҪߣͬһۡ
⿴ҪԼߣƽҲˣ˱֣˵š
ѱ⻮ԼѷΧڣ£Լ֮£ѩҪ뵱Լұ鷳ƽǲˣġ
ƽһȡ
ƽԴⷴסȥߵ񳯰ݵ;Уѩ¡
οϸһѩĿҲϡ
ȻǸԶҲ򣬱ڻʯ֮ˣѩǳȥġ
ûѩԵŮǰĿⲻڱͣһ˲뿪ˣĿбӵؼźȥĿֱָΡ
ߵĶ˶ע⵽ˣѩ羹ȻǴʱηѣж˶⵨ɫľϷͷ
˵ǣԶҵ̹һĻǱҲѩ磬Զȥ
ֻڿȥ;У߲źۼڱͣƬ̣̩һż󷽡
ڲпɣҩ
ɣ׼ڲʱ񣬽ҡҡ׹ĶĸС
ڲûлУЩҩҲ޷
ֻŸոǷҪҩͼѩ糯Լˡ
ͣ˶
ϱѩ类޸˿֮ӣһֱڷУûлعУζӡ󲢲̡
һ˵˸ı䣬Ϊ
֮Ȼѩʹŵ⡣
εĿŵŮϣϳһѡ
ѾշˣͼԲ
Լûɣ飬ҲǵſЦȻܳ
ο۽еҩ裬
ûͣǰҲԾÿ·ѩ߹˫ܿ·ꡣ
֮ѩһתͬС
һߣһ˵չұͬ޾졣ùÿҳ󣬿ȴûô㣬ͬù˵ȥҲùùú㣬ϾҪһˣԵֿѵء
Ļĵ˵Լȥڹô򵥣
仰޴ڵڹϵͬͬ÷С޲£һҪԼ
ڹλ᲻ֶ֪ŮӣĳϷҲΪں棬ѩ綯ЩʲôֽγǰĳԪ۸̫ҲܵӰ죬ǿѩҪͬʱҲ
ȻָˣҲָѩͻȻķ֣һأֻСˮڡ
˵ûŵ̬ü˳۵صһˣȷʵҼĸ֡
̬ѩ࿴һۡ
ֻԼǹùѡҪǰŮȴǱԼȥøĴͻ飬ͷٴη
صȻ֪Ǳȥùãһ·̣ͬùö˵˵Ҳ˽˽֮˱Ĳξ𡣡
˵žͶԸԵŮ˵߰ɡݹȥǵŮһ¡
ӣѩüջĿ
ΣҲ˵һ߰ɡȻǰ档
θȥ˼ûзѣҪȵʲôʱų֣
˿ǰߣԭػһ̣ҲҴææظȥ׺ѩ
Ϊѩ磬˼ǴӺ׷ǾͱҪǰһ
ǸȴûУѩ⡣
֪λԼⲻԼô
Ŀбӵǰߣ߹һЦݡ
ƽڶţŴӺոոǲѩ硣
ƽֹˣ͹ȥΪ˵仰Ȼ
һҲ
ҲѣĿԱһƳǵϣǰŵϸָ÷ס
漴ǴһſӾڱСžһѣЩߵ̴ǵǰŹ˵ϡ
󷽵עѩϣѣȴû뵽Լֵǡ
ЬӲӵ˲䣬˾͵ʧƽ⣬̴ٵؾһȥ
˸ԶλȴǷ׷ױܿˣûмģҲԱߵ˸ۼֿطһѡ
ƽתͷӹһȣҲҪ
һԵıַסԱҲƾһֻǹһֻڿڵĽƽһץססԼ
վ֮һͷǵԼףʱŭ˭
תͷȥŸոǡôصǹ˹˽ƽһǵZϣջǹ˸󣬶Խƽ˭·úÿ·
ZƽתͷȻϲءһZ磡
ZȻûи󳼵ĶУǴŻӪΧѲӣƽҪˤͳּס
ĿԼϣҲһ¡ȴε˵лл硱
ŻͷȥȻϣϲ뽹ĻҲ
ոZ˽ƽһǣлԨҲһѣûˤ
û¾ͺáлԨҲͬջԼǹĿ⻹εСͣһ£Ǿøոһ¾ա
䰴ԭļƻȴûλ˿ӻˡ
ѩа²࣬ƫƫָνΧĻӺĶӣ˵ʲôֻڽͣԲĵ£Ҳ֪ҵôˡ
Zû׷
̧һֻ֣ʾƿϹЩӣǰߡ
ǰĶûΪСӰ죬˳˳־ͷ
Ԫ̫ͣ˽ŲеĲþ͵ǰ棬·վŵǴܳ
̫ǧͬ죬Ҳһۼ
̫ѹѹ˶عгƵ̫꣬ǧǧǧǧ꣬ף̫︣綫ٱɽԸҴܳ˳̩񰲡

10.1ʼ
ʮϡ, չٵĲ̫һҲմϲļ顣
аռԪּۣʮٵ̫󣬶ּ
ڵϹţӵףٻ
ͬһʼȲһ, Ǵ͸¶ȴһġ
̫ͬԪվһ, ǵĳݡ
Ƭ֮ǲִ뿪԰ȥ
ѩǶ, γһûгɹ, ûԵ¡
ȥڹǰ, ڹ, ҲͰͬ˵˼仰, ˻ʺǰȥ
θڹһϱ, ˸˽
ղѾѩĻᣬѩԼûаס, ֮Ͳˡ
λһ, ǻ֮ڹ̫󣬳Ϊ˴ܳŮˡ
ԼĶϱǰ, ͵úܣʱȸӲͬ
ܶ, λòͬ, Ҳǲ, ڹϲá
ϲˣϲ̫ˡϾԼһǲΪӪŶӵ檣ûô¸ǹĶǣȻͷԼЩƿЩá
ˣͬԴֻ֮չֳһͶõı֡
ڹ͸¶ϲãϲʲôûʱֳ
Ȼִֺãڹġ
ȥ԰·ϣһֱΡѩߣͬ˵ŵȵ԰Ǽ̫
ӦǣԷġ
ǿҩȴûлԣֻһ·ǿŵס
ѩ粻ٸ£ڶҲࡣ
ƽղûγԼǲ㱻µӸһӣһֱãߣСοû¡
ƽһˣôҲȥ⻹ҪôŮĸд˹๾
ƽ
ֻܴпıˡ
Ŀһ˽ƽĶϣƽõס˶ӡ
ˣСЩЦãԭΪˣԲһֱģ
ǰƽһ죬֣ɵߵĹܽ˵ĳϣ·Ҫȥ²㣬ֻҳ׸Ͳٳˡ͸ûԱǵ㶫ι񶼲ҪߣոһţܺòŹ֡
ŶѩԼóԣû뵽ƽԼͳ׸С˵ѽҴ˵ġ
ʲôһ˵˵ģƽˡ
ű⡣
ԼﶯεһСģӵ˽ƽͬ˵ҵС÷ӡ
÷ӱͨף÷ֲۣһʣһһ
ĳЩ˭ҲƲ
ƽӹﴧֽȲز
֣רעȥԵģŲСˤ
Ҫȥ԰·;ЩңԶϵ̫ɹ˴صĳ֮Ҳһ˲ȥˡ
ƽ÷ӣһѸٵط֣Сʣó𣿡
šƽһ߳һߵͷȫ˲˵ˡ
֮һʾлͬʱ֣ôóԵĶҲó
ֻԣҭţȻǰߡ
ţԱߴĿ⣬һZԱ߾ǿ˱Ͷιƽľٶͣ˽ƽϡ
ƽ̲ˣػסԼӣ˱һۣһҲҶԡӣű첽ǰߡ
Z
԰Ĺģʢ
ÿϯѡ԰
һ԰ӣ˾԰дϷ
̫ڻصŮһԪͬ󳼻иʹȥһߡ
˰죬ܹȲ̨ϳʲôϷ²棬вȤܹϢһѾˡ
԰еĹҲѾ׼˲㣬ܿͷ
ƽڳһ÷Ժֳ֣ͣ˵û÷Ӻóԡ
Цһ֣ͬҲһͬСͷ˽ӳһݣҲС˳Գԡ
ƽ˵һáȻɺصĴβǸҳˣûСĺóԣҸЩ˹ûõġ
Ÿ㣬Žƽ⵹Ǵˡ
ⲻǸеûãõˮһ
̨ϳϷƷŲ裬ŵģɢϵƣҲ˸мʡ
Ѿڹţͬѩ硢һ̫ǰȥˡ
̫ǣǶǺ⣬̫̫ԵλϣҲɫΡ
̫ͬ˵ʹʱ̫Ҳûг
ջĿ⡣
ľͬ˵һƽ룬Եý黳
Ϸ̨Ϊ˺̫ٳŵϷݵʮֿҡ
Ŀ棬ҲһУֵõʱҲԾظ֡
ŵϷʱøոպãԲһĻþ͵˿ʱ
Ⱥһ׷̫󡢻ʺĵطȥ
֮ʱǲбŮ죬ְֻ֣ѰԼҵλ
У̫ɸ̫ûиһֳ̫ͬͬ֡
ƽֿԼҵλϣȴɫЩá
ɩԵλ£°ڵĶɩӣôˣ
ȹģͬɫлڼѾ档
˽̸ȻԷΪβ˱Ƚ˽⡣
̧֮Խߵףɫ糣ֱ壬Ÿ׼Ȼ򶨣Ӧòʲô¡
Ҳʲô£ͬˡ
壿⿴ȷϵ
û塣бǱ׼Ļ߶࣬˿ϷԱ߻֣ǲϷȥġ
лڼԭǶ̨ϵϷûȤӦ֮ͬȥ̸һ֡
֮ǰͼͬϲһλͬŴͷɥǱôˡ
ǲŴǱ߹˼˵Ÿʹˡ
лڼüվŵͬŻҵʲôأգʲôֵģ
˵Ĵȴͬƽʱһ˻á
֧ŵʱԶƽķ֮һͱƵͶϸˣϾ͹ȥˡ
лڼԣʹԼͬŵĶȤ
Եͬ˵ߣǹȥⶫʿ
õ˵ҲѾ֪˽
СʵȥҲǺܿ𣿡
̲סЦ̧ڴͬ˵ñǰͬŻ졣
лڼȻ˵ǰμ⣬ҲǲˣԼԸ뵽Լͬⶫʿ¿ôأ
вʣͬҪһ֣ñȷŻ졣
ûӲҪµ֣λá
ΧѾԽԽˣȥ˳ո߳ĴҪͬⶫʿġ
ԭǲ֣һӱý
ԽǽţͷĵһڵĶʿԽС
λĺѧʿǼ˱ǰ˸ʱ䣬ҲͬǱˡ
ⶫʿԭλĿɨѰԼսߣص˭
Ǳܣո̫ǧΪʹеһԱԴǺ֣̬Ȼ߰ڱȺȻơ
ƫƫǸˣȲҸͬģϯҪʼֻ뿪
ɢȥΪǶУսܣĶӡ
ֵ˶лڼһֻŵȵϯ֮ѰȥѵĿ˵Ķʿ

ٺٺٺٺٺ٣ֻôȣ͵͵
-
磨裩ȥ
⣺Ҳеİ磡
磺ȥ
磺ȿ

10.1ʼ
ʼĩ, Ϊʲôɫô
ⲻ˵ʧܣǹϵܳ衣
תͷԼλϡ
ʹڸǱȵ黭ܻУȥΪһ, 塭
黭, УǰȴһϲͨҲ
Աߴ˵, ⡣
, йһ, Ⱥ輧ʹ, ۵衣
æʾⱦ⣺쿴
һ, ǳײʤˡ
·仯, ˮһ, Ҫ𻯳, ȥ
̫磬һȺʹǰݵ赸Ǿİ, žˡ
ӹ׵ģĸ, ΢С, ȫĸĿת
һ, ǰϯ̣֪ΪǻҪȥ԰Ϸ˲㡣
ԭϯ֮ǰôݣûгԹ˶ӣڶӶţ˭ȥЩأ
һԪ׸ƣá
輧£Ÿ̫ʱ䡣
аԪתԵ̫ЦеصĸӴ£ĸʵ¡
Ԫ۵ǻʱ̫ٳüԼû£ǼŹĸٶ˽գΪ
̫λ᲻֪Ҫ֪ԼǶôģеĻϲһֱ絽УԶ˵ʵʵ£֮ﰧҺϲ
̫Ļ£ȺҲ̧֣ӵ̫ʵ£֮ů֮£ʵ֮
Ķ󳼣ԱߵŮ졪Ǳ⣬ֻǸˡ
ȫ֪Լĸôܸһ𿪿ڣĮ̆ʶһ¡
Ԫ˺һıǻʺ
ʺ֣̾м̧һ
ϸȥֻԴɴΪףѾˡ١֣ÿһ١ֶһ
ʺվ׸ĸת̫̫ͬ˵䲻ϡ棬ȴǶ빫ģһһ߶ǶĸףԸ
á̫ЦеصͷʺҲϲ
ڻʺұߵϯλϣڹվ
ȵʺ£һ̧֣ȴһһ˸ߵѪɺ
ɺҪ˺Ű˵ǰڼǷ޵ͬһСҲԶˡ
ĸ󡣡ڹָ̫ԼĺѪɺԶҪʱܳСǶĶҲˡ檵ĸѰ֮󣬾ùгĸУǽճ檾ͽΪ͸ĸ󡣡
ˡ
̫ͷϵЦͬյʺŹһ㣬ǴȻĸˣ·ֻжڶԼ⣬ػͨ
̫ڹ£Ȼ治ԣе⡣
۽ڴܹԽùԼȥ
ڹ֮󣬱ǼλѾ˵ĻӹԼĺȻģȴûһԽѪɺ
Լϯλϣ幫̫ԼĹйоأҲ˿ޡ
Ҫʲôĸ״ģⲢ֪ڻӹ֮󣬰ֵıǳмλسҲٹһλҪϺˡ
ţͬеһűΪȨصһλȨԼϯλС
⿴ŷƽռǴһϮżμܼŹۣȴǸ¡أ⿡ݳеֶ˼Ӻݹ
̨֮£׵ĳԪ̫һȻ̫ǧһֱŸñһʲô﷽Գ⣬ķ๦Ѱ챦Ѱˡ
񶼲໰˵ԼķԪۺ̫ҲȻЦеģ˿͡
һβμ㳡ϵ˺ͱʹŶʶλŷ̫ξεʥٳ裬λҲ˥ߡ
ĸ󡣡ŷ㴵Լף̧˽Լ׼ʱ򣬳Ԫ΢΢̫˵̫ξ˵Ҫ׼һݴ񣬴ͷβý޼Ҳ˵׼ʲô˲õı
ޣ̫˳Ԫ۵Ļ۾΢΢һ˵ǰҿڴˣˡ
̫Ļ˵ĿⶼŵȥҲתͷȼǴ߽ŵϻӣʱʶŷ׼ѾõĴʲô
ʹš
ڷ۵ŮΪ׵λϣĿϻͣƬֿ̣ŷ۵ӹһ˿âŷվԭأȵԼ½ϻϣֽ̧⿪ϻϰŵĳȡϻеĻǰչ
ǡ
ڿ⻭еɫչ¶һ˿˲䣬оϳ
⻭չеɽˮѤɫʱһǰչ¶˶Ծס˺
̫ףзʣɽԶͼ
ŷЦ⣬𣬶׵̫˵ǻʥġɽԶͼշתѰ漣޸Ϊ̫󣬲֪̫ϲ
ϲϲ
̫֮⣬ǰõࡣ
¥ͬһʱͼһĳһٰʮƽ߼۵ġɽԶͼһ۽̫ϲȣڹѪɺȥ
ŷΪܹΪʥ첻˥ֱʾͿԿԵɡ
˿˸ľʮƽĹâٿǵʱǺεȲƣŷǻĴǮ˸޸ֻе˸ȫȫȨ㳯ҰɵйȨ־
ʥ漣̫Ҳ̲ס¶ϲɫԪԸ̲סеĽ
Լ̫ξȻóɽԶͼǲǡʱͼҲУ͵޸ãԼʱΪ͸Լ
ҪǵĻԪۿɾ;Լ̫ίˡ
ŷǰ漸λóʲôԵ޹⡣
˸뿴Ƕʲôֻڴźʹŵı֡
ǵ񲻳ûйϵͷϷ
𻷽ڲ˵͹⿴ڿ˼׼ʱʮпͷ
Ǳڹŷ̫ξóôзľЩʹóʲôܰǵĹ̫ξȥǻԶԶѷɫǡ
ôʹŵУһʹš
ϯλϣһʮҵĳۣλŵ
忡ˣҲ˵ˣӵλǵĴѧʿ
һγأµ۾ԼĴѧʿӣ˵ǷǳӣҲǳг⡣
λѧʿߵУĿ⳯ʹŵȥȻλһǶסˡ
ʮʦ֣͵͵ؾ
ţΪڸԼ˵ôˣ
ûû¡æĿԾͣǸ
ʮʦִֵ·ʹеһԱⷢԼգգ۾
ʮʦ֣
ջĿ⣬̲ס룬ôܵʹȥˣ
᰸ʦ뿪ʮʦ־˱ܡ
ڱܻʱ򣬴Ǹлһ𣬵ȥʱ򣬵ûʲôϵ
ǰһȥԪҲȻһйһ֮Ե֮Ҳû̫ġ
ˣʹŵλƺֻбһע⵽Ĵڡ
İã͵͵ȥģҲûٶൣ
ͬһעʹҪĺ񣬼ǴܳصĴѧʿվ̨֮£׵ĳԪۺ̧̫һ֮󣬾֡
洫һصĽŲ·ڽʲô̧
ڹѪɺ̧Ѿ㹻ƴ󣬶ĺȴʮʿ̧˵С
Щʿ̧һͭӣУһӷ¡
صĵӴźص̺ĵ棬˳Ƶ
˵Ŀͭϣ̲סֱ塣
ͭ칤ն⣬ϴ
γ⸱ʮŸťӡʮɣְӼϣƺ׳ޱȣƣԴıӵķ
˵ķӦѧʿϵɫ嵭ͬ׵ĳԪۺ̫ܱܵҴ빤ķʱ죬̧̫ӵʿһ̧֮ٹҪ̧Ҫʮ֮
ӵѹôˡ
ģıǼֻڵ伮м֪ࡣ
ѧʿ˵һ̧֣ʮʿȥ
֮ʦֳֶľ볤ΰ
ЩǴĹ͢ʦ˵º̫ʹΪ̫ٳ׼ĺ

쿪ʼͿԻ11.1ʼ¡˹

10.1ʼ
, γԪӵ᯴ռһϯ
᯴Ѹ, ͷ, ʱʹ, ǵı֮, ص²֪ζ, ɼĹε
ʹʵƺƵ̧ôһܱ˵ע, ˶ΪҪ͸̫ĺ
뵽ֻһ壬ĺںͷ, Ǽ
һ˾˵⴫
Ĺ͢ʦֹ˵ˣڵ⣬ٳŲͬ
ԱΪڵʱ, Ϊ
ΪԶ, ԲӴȻػصڵ, ˿һֻڵ伮е
, л׽֮ʱ̸ԼϷСļɡ
Ĺ͢ĺ֮һΪ, һξͬǰͬԪ̫ۡһ𵽽ȥһ, ׯ£βθ񳯰ݵ顣
ӽڶ, Խּ, ڵӽͻ, бӵҲȥ˵׶˵Ļͻϲ졣
ڶΣһ֪Ǵ˿ڵлۣ·ｻ̸Ц֮
УѸߵ᯴۾·ֻصʱ
աĴ¶Цݣδ˵ˡ
ǰأϵڡ
ֻ޲ɢ֮ϯһƬֹȥһλҪڳš
УһλΣһȥֻебӽ졣
ȥ֮󣬱Ӷ࣬ҹ
ֹˣֻ̫ԼۣɫаһԪĸӶãϥ߻ơ
һ֮ΪĸףΪߣ̫ҪһĻ
̫ţر۾
Σһײн
ʦ࣬ȴþòŴлع
̫۾վ̨֮µѧʿ˵Ѱǰôյһ
ԪҲģ꣬ġ
۾µۣǾ¡۵ĵܵܡ
ͬǱһǵܼλ
¡ʮλλʮأȴʮֺãķһ㣬ʤ¡
ѡλҲΪԭ򣬴λµ۵ǻŷţ¾λ֮ƽȹɡ
Ǿ¡ۣǾۣСöԪ۵Ķӡ
ǴԾʹСҵʵ
Ƿ񰲶ǷǿʢҪ;ҲҪܳ
񶫵йĶ룬м̳常־ŷͬڵеŴѧʿꡢ䡢Ԫ󽫾µƽӹЩĽɽȻȹ̡
ȹֽܵ꣬Ԫ֮ἰµۣǴĿǴﵽ
һױʮλʿ̧͵˱ܴӵĵطһϵĻŴѧʿס
ѧʿĹ͢ʦڱһʱ䣬ӵ෽׽̻뿪
Ŵѧʿӳ˿صϯλ֮ϣһľǶˡ
⿴ǰԼȺעǸڷŮλƹС
̨̹֮£ԶҵĻ֮׵ĳԪۺ̫
Ķ͵ԣഺʻŮվڻӹ֮һμ
̫Զҵ̹ɫ˲١
ȵ̹˵ףԺ̫˵Ӷһ·ˣʹסʲôϰ߻ȱʲôֻ˵
˶֪̫ƣΪǴܵļλҲ̫ͣĿڿŮ
л̫󡣡
̹ͬɽȪڱͬһǲǵֻȫǶˡ
л̧̫̹֮ͷмɵصΪ̫٣Ҵĺͬһλ˺ܲɵغˡ
һ˵ţһ¶ЩΪѵɫ
˿ֻͬ顣
Ҳ̫ˣĴ֮óģ˭ԽùȥǴĺȻǰϵظѹԥ
Ԫۼ״ڵЩɺϣͬǰĳλغϣҲؽ黳
ʺҲЦǰԶѼʢ飬ɺϵǼѻ⣿
̫ۺⷬԶҵŮǷģվڵһ̧֣ӵ˹
ȺеˣкЩֱ
ϵȴǼǼɵ
״ʶתͷŴ翴ȥлڼķӦͬһġ
̱֪е˵ݣǷڻ԰ͬ壬ǴԱλʿ
ٿŵϻӣĴСװĶȻ黭ˡ
룬ѹ̹ղŻ˵ǸղŴĺĳλظ
ŷ͵黭Ƕ׼ĺҲ黭
ŷз˾Ʊһ˫ˮδµؿԶҵĹͬˡ
̹ûвյ΢ı䣬Ҳûвŷעӣֻ˵򿪡
ϻͬʱ̹ߵࡣ
ϻӵ˽˳ǣһˣԽ⻭ǰչ˵ǶΪ̫׼ĵһ񡪡ʥġϪͼ
Ϫͼ
̫磬пҪ
Ϫͼ֮Ϊ߾ͼһȫڷŷȡǷɽԶͼ֮¡
˵ŵġɽԶͼ滭ĶǴɽ壬ɫͷףȻôһϪͼľ֮ʱĹºҰ
ͬһƬɫڻʥһ䣬ȴȫͬء
˿ŶܸоѩźɱϪ֮ϵӳŹӰӣ֪δȥ
ⶢ⻭뾡񽫻ϵϸڶ۵ףжα
үүĴʦҪһʥĻ£ֶ֮νд»õĻƾĹ
һ㱦ԼšվʱԼۿЧġ
ԣΪֱܹ֮Ĳ֣ǶԼĻһԷֵİǣǲɽʯ֮Уǲƴ۵֦Ҷ֮䡣
Ǳ⽫⻭ͷβһ飬ҲûѰҵİǡ
Ϫͼȱ
һ
⻹ǵһʹŴϻӡ
̹ȻѡһչһţǾ˵ʣҪôֵڴˣҪôǱϪͼߡ
Ϣ֮ʱ˵վҲһϻӵ˾ǰӹ˹еĻˡ
̹ٴһֻŵϻȡ˵ڶϻڵ档
һ˽ڶ˿ŵ֣Լǣһˣչǰ뿴ڶ
˵壬Ľٶͼ
һʥ߾
ʥġ߾ͼԵԺѾûسǰ
ǷżһɽԶͼּϪͼĽٶͼǲζŽܹ̫ǧϣ߷֮ģ
̹˵Ƕ׼ĺظȵóȴǽ˿ôҲҴ
ԸҪʱͼԼĳԪۣڶѾͷԺֻĿת
ĳϣҲҪóٻų棬ʥ֮ʮа˾ġ
ҵ񣬱ͬȵģҸ
ԪۿһԼ̫ξķԶҵѾͷôֱʣȫǲŷλ
ǰǾ䡰ĳλغϡǸΪѣҪŷա
Ԫ۾ۣСѾͷʵǡ
ãŷ̫ξȫϣǻĿҲǵ
Ԫۼ״ջĿ⡣
Ҫһͼ̹վмĵǰӹԼеĻˣٴظһղŵĶ
һóǻʱЩԥ˳Ԫһۡ
˶Լλϣ۾еһСôչ
һʲôǡͼǡ˪ͼ
в²ⶫҴһͼʲôǱȴЩ΢ԤС
ɽԶͼʱͼ¥ĳһգصġٴʤͼ롶˪ͼҲ
һ㣬߾ͼﻹģֻʣϪͼĽٶͼͼˡ
Ҵһǡ񡷣̲ͣòǡ
һƬУŷżĵ𣬴ߴٵһʲôֱӽգҪθڣλͬѾȲ뿴ˡ
̵תĿ⣬ŷ
ŮмΪѣջ¶˾ģչеĵͼ
һ˲䣬ʱ⵹⻭ϤĴɽԶٴչ¶ǰ
ϤɫϤıʴ˶ԼǲʲôʱȦڷŮ˵ǴĵǻʥġɽԶͼ

11.1ʼ
ɽԶͼ
û˵߾ͼķ, ɽԶͼ϶һģһǼٵġ
ֻǡ
١߾ͼһǱȨŷ̫ξóģһǶҵ̹ģٸ޷϶
Աߴ, ŷŭ˵һȺ, ʿǱܳ, ǵĹŷˡ
лڼЩڻ԰лǱǶʿ, Ǽ֤һĻ, еͬˣ˿ڼڷŮóôһɽԶͼŷ˶ϣжһĸо
ǵ߲Ӱ̹, ҲûӰ쵽ŷ
ԪѾڶ漣ġɽԶͼãȻһʱҲ֪ηӦ, ֻԼ̫ξ˵ѹֹҪ˵, ׼ĺ͵ͬ
ŷһ˵ţһߴ, ŻãȻĳԪ۹һ˵£ȥһ̹׸̫⼸
һ, Ԫ̱ȥɡ
⿴ŷ׼, Լλ˳, Ŀ֮ߵ̫ǧչǰ
ֳֻ̹, վԭص
˴ܣȵľһ̡
뿪ң˱ܣһֱġ
ǶııᱻݣҲڱܾͶԳжֻ֣ǵ塣
̹ݻϢûĿȼٴηԣ̾Ҳھڴס
ϱ̫ǧͽʹܵ񣬶뿪ҡ
һ·ļ٣͵ڳŲԼ
û뵽ڽ뾩֮ǰϢɽ¿ŴʦƵҩѾкת
̵ͷʯŷһЩȽ뾩Уʹݣ氲ȻŵԼı磬ǳ׷ġ
µĵˣĵһ¾Ϊ
ȻܵЩθλѵ˾Ȼת࣬˽顢治ס޲
޲֮ûȫָǰҲǰ᧿Σ״̬ࡣ
ʱⱱʲôΰǸĻ̻̣ЩСϷ̶֪
ֻЩ飬Ҳֻŷͷۼ֣ûʲôʵԵ˺֮󣬾ʹðҲҪ˸ȥ
֪ܲɽµĺõʲô鵤ҩȻֶܹκãǵʱҲҪһ˸ȥ
ڽ㣬ԼĴˡ
ʹǰų߾ͼŷֻһɽԶͼȴʥ֮
Ҫ˭ֻóһǻʥ漣
ҪҪô
ŷͣǰһڴʵʮȥһ𿴿⼸ҳЩαĺۼ
ǣӣǱҲòŸӡ
£˶Щ黭ʮоһ˵۾ôô˫۾һ𿴣ܿЩ⡣
ֻ˴ͷҲȥȥ˻Ҫŷ˼ϡ
ԼλϣԱߵתͷȥ
ֻڿתͷ촽Ƿ˻˻˵Ǹŷ˽鲻ڲȥһ𿴣
û˵ֻǶسҡҡͷջĿ⡣
棬֪ŷôģ˭ȥǸҡ
ֱα£˵ûãֻʦ˳
뵽ϣͳŮķһۡ
ԭȫעؿǼͼǲ׵Ŀ⣬Ҳ˹Ů˵Ŀڰ
Ҳ֪ԼʲôŸŻʦѧ˰꣬ʦʦСҲôͳɲ̲סŮ⼸⣬ž͵ȱĻش
⿴˸׵񣬶ҡҡͷ
ЩʧȿΪ⼸û⣬ҲΪû⼸Ͽ⡣
ĸ˼µ״ûа
ŷǰתһȦʵ֪ã
̹شҸãһɽԶͼ˵̧֣ڻշ˼ҵ䣬ֻó洫ͼծʲ֪ԭԣǻʥʮһ
£ŷֻü
㣬̹֣΢Ц֪ŷǾĹ£ǸҪⶼ࣬ʱǶҵƿġ
֣˶Ҳ׹
ڶڱܵĵλֻλ黭ղؼ֮⣬Ҳǵһڶʥ֮ơ
ָ̹ŷվڵеˣŷ˵λʥӣǶҵĴʿѧԨԴµһֺ壬ͬ޵֣黭Ҳмߵ衣
Щոڻ԰бʿܣһһֵʿģжʱĸо
ŷ϶ƽ۽ŵǻϵǮóϸ̫ġɽԶͼҲǻϸ޸ġ
һʥ֮ӾҪסǲܵġ
ֻµءŶһȻⶫʿʵűٵġɽԶͼóչʾ֮ʱҲˣ֪кο
˼һֱüĿ߰Ķʿڵġ
һ˵ľģʲôģ
ⶫʿŷηԾĻˣӲصɼҸ޸漣Ҹģڽϸ̫󡣡
˵ŷġɽԶͼġȻ˵ԼԶ۵漣һ䡰˲Ϊ̫ǧĺ񡱣Ǿ䶼뽫ŷڿۣƷ̫ףٵĳϡ
ټǰڻ԰ô˵ӣ˶ߣӣֱ³ȥ
ͬ˲һ֣֪ԼʦͶ϶ģǾûд
ѰαַƭˣǵȼĴʦԸαַָƣû˿ٿӹ۾
¥ǷɽԶͼҲģд
ʥûлһģһĻֱڱܺͶҵġɽԶͼ漣ôһ£
ʮ֪𰸣Ҳ֪еµ
ŷ׻ô
Ϊ˵Ŀ⽹㣬ŷһһǵб޵طŴ
ڶҵλʿ֮ŷĵص˵ͷٴˡϪͼǰ
ֻվŲĿֽϣֽ̧鸧Ѱ漣ϵ
ʿٴڵʲôڻҳʲô覴ã֤
Ļû˵꣬˾һѵ졣
ϪͼȻŷ¶ѳ룡
˻ŻһˣŻмϿŵϴ䣬ȫûзӦ
ֻдʿͫ΢΢ٵ˻ʥ漣˺Ͼջ֡
һ£ţ˶û뵽ŷ
㡪
⻭ʥ漣ڶһңԽôԶľ뱻Ϊ׸̫󣬴ʿȻᱻȴ鳼ˡ
ǰȥŷʲô̹ȴֱ̧۽¡
Ůô赭дػٵһŻʥ漣ŷüŷΪƭв죬ҲˣαҪٵһŻʥ漣
ŷ»ǳ
ڽ֮ǰѾ˵ӲЧ
ŷΪһ
ٲΪ
ʱŷȻǺģ̣һҪѹҪƷ棬ȫȻ֪سˡ
ô£з׷ǿҵʣ⻭Ǽٵģ
̹ɫָؿɲᣬʴк֤֤ϪͼǼٵģ
ŷתǰ뿪һߣһű鷢չͷתĳԪ˵£ġϪͼһֱڹУ񶫵ʹɱΣ׼ȥ⣬ġϪͼȡöʹһ
׼ԪҲ˵Լ̫ξ̨³ԼһЦ˵л¡Ȼת뿪Ÿֳһʡ
ȵȣ̫ξ˵Ϫͼ޵Ĺ
޵Ĺ⻹Ⱥ

11¿ʼ
ٴοʼͼ

11.1ʼ
ŷ˵Ҫȥȡ, ˵ȻǳԪǿտյĹ⡣
ָ¡ǮׯµĿⷿ
ӳȥһһҪʱ䡣
˳ԪҲûöʹǵĹڵпվţǻλϣȻֱ˴ţ߳Աߵ, ʱǿһЩ
ָԻصλ, гŷϯλ, ˶С
Сʹ׼ȻǰĶҡһ춯أôһʱ, ó, ˵á
ǣŷǲܹóôһϪͼ
ܵĴ󲿷ܵģղһ漣, ŷ˵Ҳʲô¡
ο򵥵ۣûġϪͼĻ, Ϊʲôոͼ֮, ƫƫѡһ˺أ
Žŵһ輧ٴӿ, 衣
̹·ĸ裬ֱߵľƱһڡ
ⱱܵ㣬ȴûǶҵҾƹ񫡣
, ҲǵſŷʲôС
ոյô˵˺˳ǶҴġϪͼ, óĻǲͨļ, ֻĳ
Ҳô뿪ٻ, װʲôҲûз
žƱԼĴʿŷ˱ġϪͼһα
ʿӲصͷ
ŷŻǰȻɻء
˵ҵҪе漣˺ˣҪȥһ漣
ϯУƷŹеļȡ
ųڣǰֵȴšϪͼǰϳصĻ档
Щʳ֪ζط¿ӣ֮վ
Ķʵʲô
С¡
ǿȥɡ
뿪ԼϯλĹˣȥ˸µĴ
ͷֻϴϴ֣Ƭ̾˳
ǹ˻棬˵Ȼȥɣվһ
ǹ˲⣬Ӧһ֮ת뿪
ԶǷ·ߣԼĸ֪˳ȥŴܴ׽ŷĶ
⹬빬֮·һͨԼԼ·ˡ
·֮ǰ㲶׽Ҫҵ˵
ƹǰ߸ߵˣǳŵƫԼҪҵŷվڴǰ
ſʼ߿ŷ˾Ѿ㱨֪
ԼŷûסŪЩ죬Ŀȷߡ˿̣ʢװŮⰲƫŷֻ֪
һߣһ߾ﰲù֡
ĿΧɨȥεĽŵЩӰ
ջĿ⣬ŷģֲģߵĻ
߹ξ룬ƫǰͣסŲ
̧£ǱԼת˹
Լȹڿżǰ
ŷĿһɨǴ˿̲лϸϸװ磬΢Цյǹˣǳ͸·ˣ𣿡
ǡⵥֱصҾŷġ
˵ţŤͷ˿ƫеĲð衣
ǰ˵ȥȡϪͼԼȴ㵽ΪΣ
ţջĿ⣬ǰˡ
ŷ˿̻գ·ȫǰ̬˵̲סղȻͬԶҿǻʥ漣
漣ŷʡ
ⲻ֪ǳʲôͼֻǵ˵ͷȻǰ˵Ȼ㶼ģʮа˾žˡ

˺ǷϪͼʱ򣬾֪漣
˵̶Ҫ޸Ǻܴ⣬ò˵ġڹе漣ûа취ճ
˲ֻʵǱµĹСϪͼ𣿡
ŷ¶һôܡЦݣûС
⣺
Լȫ͸ŷĴ㡣
ûһ͸ȻذѶĻʥ漣˺٣Ҫô̵ʱھͷһ
ŷǰŮϵɫ任ģתЩͷ
ԭżһ͸Ԫ۵ĹȻû漣ǻϵǶѱС
û˴ȷʵ漣
ļڵһαֵʱǸĹҾͽǼüҴطˣӻоϽ漣
ҵǼϪͼһɽԶͼһٴʤͼҲһ
ŵϪͼǵԭϽĵһ㣬ɫϸǷḻ˵漣һ
Ϫͼ¡ǮׯŷովŷԿȥȡ
ű˼ʲôѵľֹû취ˡ
ʲôû취ˣ
ŷԽԼƫߡ
ƫֹһš
Ŀһ´СһŲŹһ
ŷ˹ȴûп
̧ͷֱ˵ĥī
ʲô
ŷĻЩʧЦ
Уȥ常Ԫ⣬û˸ȥĥī
į̄һԣִߴһ㰡
˵ߵƫſڣš
ȻŷţӦûܹǰŹϱȽϱա
һϣĹ߾Ͱࡣ
۷ƿ˴ⴰ󱳶ԵĶǽû˻ῴ
ŷⷬٶ«ʲôҩĻ͸һĥīˡ
ʼתȥƫĸ
ߵһһ׹ռ䣬ܿͷõġվ
ŷȥٳʱһŰֽ
һ٣Ŀٿ˿ԼĥīһЩʵͷ
ǴѡϪͼֻһų
ŷûȷʵôġ
ļѾˣҲ
ıʴϤԸ̳һİա
ոǷŷղóεġϪͼǡ߾ͼ򵥵һ
뿴ʱ̣Ժеļ仹ʻ
ֻҪ̵ʱڣһظ̳֪Լܲ
һվ̿Ȼ̧ȡ˱ʡ
Һŷ˺ǡϪ㡷
ǻĻֻЩҲԭġ
ţ̧պŷкõī׵ġվ˵һʡ
ϵʱʮֽīʱöࡣ
⹬õīǷƷڡվϵЧʮֺá
ٸ˱һЩġ
ŷڻϴ˼֮󣬾ͽõıʽϡ
Ȼȡһֻϸıʡ
պīʣī䡣
ŵ
ڻͬԺķȫһ

дˣ
ǵģ¾ǡƲ㡷Ƕι

11.1ʼ
һ, ȡһʣù֮ȴŵѾִ֧ʡ
ΪʱţԱ, бʸʱ˫£ʱ־ͼ֧īŨ, ׼ڻϡ
ŵĻϲȡ˺ķʽϪͼһһֽϸԭ
ŷеɫѾӷŵıרעŸղűԼ˺صĻŰֽϱƳ
Ŀ̡
ѹһĻҲϲ, Ϊͽ
ǽ, ôܼԼǰչ¶ļأ
ıѾӻֽм䡣
Ϫͼ£Ȼ롣
þȷÿ, ֻҪٹϢ, ػ
ŷߵֽ̧֣࣬ϡ
ֽϵīɵúܿ, һͷСʱ, ϰóġվ
Ȥ, ŷջ, ⹬ġվ
̧רעػı⡣
֮, ôδ֪׼һšվ
δ֪ôƾóôһֽģ
һ˲䣬ǸҹŷԱϵ˸Ȥ
Ǹʣװ֪ʱ򣬱Ѿһʻꡣ
վβͣ˶ϵıʣˡ
ԼƳġϪͼһС
Ͼеĸ֪ŷ³ġ
ҪסҵĴʿûʲôա
ѱʷŵһԣվϵīɵúܿ졣
ҲûбĲϣֻܶŷ˵ҪЩңҪһˢӡ
ɣܸӽɻʸС
ٲУʱ򻹿˵Ǹով޸Ե¡
ŷվûƵؿһۣ˵վʲôȥ
һ˵ţһߴСɰȡ˻ϵöӡ¡
ŷĶĿСɰϡ
ϴԼִҲǴСɰȡġ
Сɰװ˶ٶ
ӡת滹ճϴүүùӡࡣ
ûʱȥƳһģһӡˣǳӡº˺Ȼֱ˱Ȼϵĳߴ磬үүϴθµλãӡ¡žһȥ
ÿ֣ʱƵġϪͼڴ󹦸ɡ
ֲ̧˲ͷðĺӻܹأڹ֮ȻҪȥȥ鷳
ŷѾͷĽŲŷȡ˻ϵصġϪͼˡûƿĿ⣬ֻǿűһ߲һ߷ϳʮʮ档
ôһͲ֪Լŷб¶˶ܣҪǻȴﲻæǾͿˡ
ŷȷû⣬ҪֱҪͬ˵ȥ洫
ŷܾһһ̲סҪЦ
ͷ
űƿŷһϻ˽常ȡ
˵ţĿվıϣһӾͣס
̩ô
⿴ŵϻӣͬ
ŷ˵ù
ǡŷżϻ߹
ϻһ͵ǰŷִ̧Ļȡ˳
⿴ŷһһˣԼǰչ
ǡ
⿴ǰԴЩͷġϪͼʶؿԼոջƷϲ֪ʲôŶԡ
ŷҲǷͬ͸˼ã
ŷµе漣ϱոջķƷȽһ̧ͷԱ˵Ҹո㣬ȻûСϪͼǻС

ֻǿû˵꣬Ͷֻŷ˵ţ°漣ֵѼ飬ʢ飬Ҳûмͣ
𣬱·ŻϻУŷҲװ׼صȥ
˳ƫ˵һ漣㣬漣£ϻӵҲ˵ϪͼģһҲģ

ŷԣ̧ϻһҪ۵棬ʦ档
Ķֻһ͹ˣôʲô
ոΪԼΧŷﻹǺܳġ
ôˣϰһ˿飬δСվǰҪΪ⣬ʵǾΥ顣
⿴ͷβк֣ҪԼҹ취
ǣȻȥˡŷ˵ȻԵŮ߿¸Ӱʧŷǰ
ŷͣסŲվԭؿ뿪ķƬ̣ҪٴһߣһֱԼӿڵ常ҾܲӦá
Ŷһüתϻӵ꣬ʲôܲӦã
ŷʲôܲӦá
Ȼ֪ܹź͡ϪͼһģһĻͲԼȥ¡Ǯׯѵطҡ̩ϵعԾǶ飬ͲӦټǸνĲȢԭ
ŷҪװ֪ŷԼ˵ٶҲûá
ҲҪȵָ̩飬Ҫ޵ʱ򣬲ܿ常ڵıɡ
ŷһ䡰ûʲôջĿ⣬Ȼ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ҫһ۵һǳʱѹ£ŷӣǾͽȥҪ߰Ҫףȴʾǲ̹ϣҲ鷳
УΪ߾ͼ£жϡ
ʳ裬˵ǣȥŷϡ
ʹŵϯλУŴѧʿɫȻؿ֡
мߵ裬ܵĹ͢ǲԶԶȲ롣
У͸еԱŵĻһˣ̧ͷһȻʮ˹
ʮԭλõ˸Լһ
žƱ˹Ŵѧʿ˼۾ʦ֣ոȥʱ򣬿СʦܵûУǲֿɰֻ飿
⻰ŴѧʿСʦڱܴô꣬ȻӵӰ
ʦİţҲ⣬벻ΪҪ
ΪȰŵĴʦ֣Сʦʦ֮ǰѾɽͶٳ
Եʮʦ곤꣬ʦֻӡ󣬿ǵСʦܾϲˡ
ʦСʦܻ룬¡
ʦؾۣҲ˵࣬СʦЩڱܵľȼ
СʦڱϲʲôˣԼ˵ġ
ųʹܣСʦǷŹнĹˣǶΪСʦҪлӵġ
֪Сʦܸ̩֮СŮ˼Ϊʮ顣
ʮҫߴʦЩǲ֪£ǰԼ˵λãʦֶԱĿޡ
û뵽ûʦֵĴ𰸣ʡ
ŴѧʿСʦܵ͵˼Ѿмչ⾰ôŻŻ
ûлţǵ뿪ܻȥʱҪʲôСʦܽ
⡭
ʮôһʣʱ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôСӵСʦܵԺû̸дһеĻţ罻ظԼ
Ĭ˰죬ʮ˼һСңҪдŲ˼ɣУҲΪСʦֿܷ̫ã̫໰˵֪ôдһԲһֱûиһš˵ţЩλϣᵽʱǻȥ԰ᰵʧҪô֯䡣
һԣԼŴѧʿٴ˾Ʊ
ĿسС
ʱգôȤעĿĻλ̩
ľĲ飬ԺȹһС
û֮ǰô¼ֻǸŮ
ۼԺ󣬾;úϸġ
ܵĿСʦܣݵҲ൱ˡ
Ʊһھƣ
ǱܵĹǾ͸ˡ
ţÿӵŮŻصλϣǳȥ͸͸
һصϯλϣɩӹеԼôȥôãû°ɣ
û¡һӦţһ¡
Ѱһڣ˵Լ͸·ˡ
ЦԺ
λƬ̣ȵе֧ŷӰųſڡ
ֱʱܹ˵Ŀ⡣
ˣŷ˻ˣ˴δ˿̼ˣ˻ûУޣ˴ˣ
̹۾
ǵĻĿŷϣŵĻϻֻ
еҲˡ
֣ŷ̫ξȥǷϪͼô
˵ע£ŷص˵УȻųԪһ֡
Ԫף۾ŷŵĻϻȲ뿴ԼĹġʥ漣ŷ˵Ϳʵ̫ξѻȡˣ
ǣ¡ŷķһЩʱ䣬ñ¾õˣҲ
ĻֻȥһҲ˵ȥ˷˴˳ʤһ
ãǸ̹鸹̣ԪȴǷǳϲŷ˵񣬵ǾͰѻȡôҿһɣ
Ԫ˵˵˶еɴ۾쳤˲ӵš
ŷӦһǡ˵򿪡
̹ĿǻϻϣеıӷŻϡ
ŷеһֻϻ
ŷ֣Ļȡ˳ǰչ
ǻñԤڵֻϻɻ󣬵ȿǷʱľһ¡
ô£ѾүүǷ漣ˣΪʲô򿪻Լ
ʹŵλϣ̹ŷóĻü
ŷ̧ߣȴλʿ
ŴʿڹеġϪͼѾȡˣһ
ʿתӦһá
ԼαȥＱٵ
ʮ룬ԶҵĴʿܿߵ˻ǰʼϸ
ĬʱԽãԽб̹Ҳˣȴļ
ŷüȫעϡ
Ѱαʿһ۾ܿȴҪķʱ˵Ĺ
ͷ۵ԽȻЦ
ű֮ӵĻۻصȥȡĻ
ķµĻܲϾ
Ԫ̫ۡ󡢻ʺеһ󳼶ڵȴţò׵ȵλʿļ⻭ǰֱŷЦʵΣǷΪʥ漣
ɤۣж
ֻʿ˵ģ
һŷصʲô
ʿü⻭ϵīˣװѼҲίʵˡ
⻰ŷ۵Ц
˵ٿڶ
˵ţʹӵڶϻó˻صġϪͼôʿ
ʲô
еڶ
ǴʿҲ¶֮ı顣
̹ɫ΢ŷʲôѾ֪ˡ
ֱĿŵϷˣǡ
Ŀ۽ڶϣ˱ȷŸʱ䡣
˿ʱϵɫѾӲǱޱԻ
ŷΣ
漣
ʿڴ˿̸˵漣⼸֡
˵ŷóĵһĴɻóĵڶͬǶֵ漣ȫһġ
ǻ޸ַ
޸⻭ˣո߳ȫ֮¡
̲סָͼŷô£
ŷ΢΢һЦת׿˰·ķչҪ֪ʲôµĳԪ̫󣺡¡̫ڶϪͼǴڹеġɻʦ޸漣ڶ˶٣תЦŴʿֻǳ˵ķˡ

ȻǷ
漣ڣôһ˼ǶʿϲǷʵǡ̫ˣ
Ⱥŷһʵְֺޡ
ڣֶͨ죬ȴԸںܳ
ľ緭̣Ǵⶫʿ
ֻһ˱棬ԶҵĴʿҲ
ô˵ҲĴʦĶӵ洫أſۡ
Ҳŷ˶࣬
ΧŷԼ飬˶ҵĴʿΪԽࡣ
Ԫͷԭˡı飬һɳȵصͷ
ŷһԼĴʿ˵ؽ黳Ĵʦ⼸ʱյĶ漣ֻͬǴһһζʱգ⿴زϣ˳룬Щ漣ҲΪ档
ĻǰΪƾֵĲ衣
óɽԶͼŶóʥ漣ֱָΪƷ
ŷ֪⼸漣϶ݣеġɽԶͼ棬еֵȻҲ档
Ǵ֤ǶȳھүүҲ
ˣֱ˺ǵһšϪͼҧǼٵģΪ漣ϡ
үүصġϪͼóλʿԸ񣬿漣ȻӲ˵Ǽ١
˲֪⼸һֵľ£˵ܹĻ漣ȻͻΪǼ١
ŷһ仰ָذеĻƷķΧָĴʦӣͲĴʿƼˡ
ıÿһλ
Ƿʿû϶αֻ֮ϲ
һ£ûŷʣµҲǼٵġ

11.1ʼ

ʿص, һ̹
Ůʱ򣬴ʿЩѵ˵ǳĹҡ
ڹٳĸײһǶҵĴʿ, ǶҵĹԱ
Ƕҷ⾳ôãһҪ˴ǼյϢ, ڻ԰в֣ܵĹԱһһܡ
Լ, ԼƷ黭Ĺͬ԰ǷαȴԻ
ŷóǷ漣, ޴ȥѰ
һ, Ӱ˹ļƻ
طϡ̹ʾУһ˫ŷ˽ƻ, ƣԤϡ
ֻû뵽, ܷôƯ
ųԪ˵һ滰, ˵лƷҲǶԸⲻӰ
˵, ̹Ҳ˳̨, Ԫ۵ݼô, ôῴǷǱܵĹأ
, ŷոᵽ֣ͬǶĴʦĴʦ
ŷܹóڶϪͼ漣ֻܡҪôмͼ漣Ҫôλʦα
ֻĴʦ֣޷졣
Ĵʦԣѹŷ޿֡
粨ȥʣµСǵĺ
ΪŷƯķеüϵﲢôʣǻʮָӵضÿһݶ˼䡣
һɺڵУ̿бϯλ
Ŀ˱ϡ
ŷȥ˶ԭλϣֻλ̩뿪ˡ
뵽λ̩ǻʦΨһĵӣ̲붼µղűȥȥΪŷȡΧˡ
λܳĿ
ڰ֮ǰǸ˶ݣֻһСŮͨŮ
֮ȴѾǴܳĹŮҫ۵һܹӰ쵽ƣԼĲ֡
̶˼¡
ҪôĻزҼͣݷ꣬һһٸıԼˣҪôǵõʲô˲õ
˶ŷǱֻ֮λ̩֣
ΪǸıˣһҲ򵥵лжһеˣŷ
ŷѡԼıѡлΡ
룬ѡŷǲԶˡ
ţĿȥΡ
ϵ⼸εʧĥ
ϯ֮ѰὫɣöҩȥת࣬Ҳ˰ˡ
űϯ֪ʱȥ϶ǵȥ¡
м仹ôûлԼ岻ȻҪȥһҪȥͬᣬֻ˵ʱ̡
Ȼȵϯ룬Ӷף֮󣬳Ԫ۾ͳ¡
޵ĻӵУĻ֮϶ѳ꣬Ӧַ⣬ɺãŽ磬õķַ⣬Ҳһ˰ɡ
ԣĻӶ˵ǰ⡣
УμZ˭Z
ȡĶе֣Ҳܿҡ
ZĭZлԨԼλϣ֮۾һ
֮ţԼչȥ
ŴĻӱ˭ZZٴӿ˲֮С
ȵǷַ֮һǴͻ顣
˭ZǳԵˡ
ӷַ⣬ɳԪּ
Ǵͻ飬Ǳеּ̫ܲ
̫˴βǸͻ飬ֻȢûзĻӣһҲָ˻顣
ʱ򣬱ּѩ֣Ρ
ӦǣȻ°ڸO@Լϯλ˳С
ıӰһѩһһ½ּ
ָ̫ѩΪΪ
գš
գλš
Ҳ˵ٹգҪγ׵طֵˡ
ε֮䣬˵šл̫󡱣Ȼ̨ǰݷȥ
ⱲεĳޣϱӦǰģǱȴôԼڳмƺѾȥ˺ܾúܾá
֮Уʵڷ̫¡
ָ鵽һ㵽Z˵ţȴûеȵġ
Ļӽշ·ֻǷַ⣬޴ͻ飿
ţٿǰҪ˵ľǷֺܿҪӭȢλӡ
֮£վĻӾԵùġ
ԪۿԼйӣеԲûа취ڽΪ̫
Уڼλ·˵Ļ֮ҲԵøĻӣĸǶǽԣΨһˣЩ̡
ڳԪڴؿʱҲգƿĿ⡣
Ԫۣ
ҺãZԼûбͻƺţһʲôá
ȵӷַͻյϯҲˡ
̫ǧỹҪգӵĻ޷νӣʹǧصھҪͣգܼ֤ϲ¡
ϯ֮δӵ뿪̫Ҫ̫˵̫Ȼȥ
ԭô˵ˣҲ̫ͬһ񣬾͸ϯˡ
ߵ̨״ڿĹ㳡ѰĸɩӰһ̩
һϣתͷ̹ӵһ߳һ߶Լ¶һЦݡ
ȻŶҵĴʿʹеĳԱЦ׺͡
֣תӭǰȥȵ̹಻ʱ˲ͬʱͣһ
󣬱վֱǰڷŮҿ£
һ˫۾ͬԵĺ棬˵ʱ䲻ƽǰ㣬һ죬Ҳɢǿ֮⡣
̵ڳܵʱ֣ʱԣߣʧۼڳ⣬ǿڳΪʩ಼ҩ
ԴΪ뱦룬ķ
Ǳˮ©ػӦޣ˴£Ӧ֪⿪ҽģҲǸųһں棬ǾиҶһһ
ʢʣǫã￤ҾӹǻʦӲͽ꣬ȴΨһĵӣ黭һϾûʦ洫Уܲм١
ҪԼԼһǫƾͳԸֻ˵ҲǴҿޡ˵Ŀһת󣬡ӦɼģŴҸҼӣ컨׹ҪҵĻֻ»ʧ
᣿̹ҡͷǼĽʦģʦӲͣҲͻȥšΪʦĸ㣬ôʦ洫ʮֻͬ̽ʦĻ⼸ҶʹУϾʹУҶӭɨԴ
һص
̼Ӧǹôһ룬Ը֮ͬ𣬴ĶʹŴӵſ뿪
վԭأԶȥıӰ
̹Ǵûʲô⣬Ψжŷʱ˼ֵꡣ
Լȥʲô
Ӧ˺ãʵȴȫûдȥ
æʲôйȥʹݣ
ţȹ̨ףߵ԰⣬˵Ľӡ
صУûϢץγ޵¡
ԭʱЩû뵽նµô죬гҲ٣ҪοһЩţõʱҪϵŶӣ˿
һױ׾񲻼ãƬַ̧֮ס˶ͷ
״˵ȥϢɣʣµͺá
֣˵ˣ
˿ⷿĿȥĿŻϵĲϣһ߷ҳһվߵŮСȥ𣿡
ûءŮ˵
һ٣ʱҲһִ
ڵҪȥˣ˵Ϣ
ŮĻӦһǡ
ϸģҪС㵲Ժ⣬úõϢ
ȷʵúϢͬʱҲϣڳ֮ǰ£Ǿͬ棬Լż⼸һޣͺõ˼
λԺУͷϷ䣬ѡ
ԭҪȥһֻڻ֮ԺжûмɣӰӡ
վھǰԼµѾߣأ
СѾ˵СĻնûŲĽء
ĻĵֻǱȥˣûߣԼȥ߱ģɣֳʲô۵Լ
ʱõİ취ڷС
üԼڸ߶ҪôһŮԼȼպţѩƤӵ£֪Ҫơ
Ҳһ¡
һЩıܷſȥõǰ¶š
ҵȹԺҪѰЩϱԼõùߵߣŲᴦ⡣
뵽ҪΪԼ췢СѾ˵岻ҪϢһ£Ȳ췢ˡ
ǡСѾźҲûʲôļƣΪԲűԺУ
˳ȥ߻˴ߡ
ɻصϣһʱ䵹Ҳƣˣ۾˯˹ȥ
ȵظһƬ
ѣȥĸףظ֮ЩʣѾЪˣûȥǻԼԺӣߵԺſڣּ硣
лÿСӭӡ
ѩûлоܹǱԺӽڳԲݵС¹
лнѾߵݹʳιֻС¹ˣıǵͷţвɵ¶˼ůЦ⡣
Լĳ׽Լĸ磬ȵлֻ֣С¹ͷ˵ȥɡſ硣
ֻС¹˵űתͷ¹ԺûֻҲ̽ͷⶶ˶䡣
ⱻֻС¹ذţЦ
лпԼʮ׽С¹ಽعֻ˵ϵǵˣȫһ
̧ͷЦ˵ʱιιǣҲͶ׽ˡ
ο˵ֻС¹лоȵأǶ˶û
ߵԺſڣ˵ȥɡֻС¹ʮͨԵػصԺУֻûͷ
ͬһԺУ£ϵ·ûֱӹˣʲô𣿡
λ磬ûȣлеһȻС
ѩ˲裬˳ȥ
Ϊ˲̸飬ԺеѾ߶˵ԶԶġ
Ÿ磬Ŀʲôˣʵϻţ𣿡
˵Ƿţ⡰һŸеԼĶ
ˡл˵ȻʲôɻԼǷʮʦø罻ҵģʮʦôܵʹȥˣ
˵꣬磬Ĵ𰸡
ʮʦڱܶǸһģʲô϶֪
Ȼʶˡ
л˵ŴѧʿĴʦ֣Ͷʦȥˡ
һʱ䷴ӦŴѧʿʮʦֵĴʦ֣ǲζҲǡ
л΢΢ͷǷžʹġ
Ǹ˭лûָǿɫ֪ѾӦˡ
⿴ȥЩţôᡪ
леҲǳ룬µȴй磬Ҳˡ
ŴѧʿˣҲǡ
ˣҪڹ۴ϻ룬ҲǺ˵ùȥ
ǻȥʱ仹Ȩӵʱһ¡вЩ΢Ĳ²
ⲻ֪ʲôֻ˵ʮĸˣĸˡ
߾ʱͨ飬ĹϵһֱҲ˱߾ͨ͸ձ顣
ʦִʹҲʹ֮УʹŻȥʱһߡлеһȥҪǷŵˡ
ϾǸŽϵʹǶȷŽϣȻȥʱȴûдŻȥǾ̫˵ȥˡ
ԽϯһʮлУʱд˻ûС
д˵ĻóԼôȥСʦܽ
ΪˣлвõԺһˡ
ͬ˵Ĺϵһͽѧʿı飬л̧ǰ˻ӣ˵Իأд𣿡
дˡէһ񣬶ŸѿڶӦЦһȡ
лȵȡ
лм䣬СѾͷд˻Żصôãûд᰼Ļȥ
ȸһűͷŸŷ⣬⻹СľϻһŵԼǰ
лпŷʱǷһŷҲģûκ֣Ҳûκαǡ
Ա߷ŵľϻҲƽֻ֣һдšʮһдšʮġ
л̧ڶãϻô¡
⡰һϻø翴˵ûбģǾùȥЩʲôϸ塣
ûԼһʼøᰵһŽֻǷͨʽ
ʲôʽҪؼϾˡ
ǧôˣҲء

11.1ʼ
ʹ⣬ҵͣ
֮, ڷŮŴ, ͬһŶȥ
ʹ齵ʹݱɳԺȺ, ڶʹžסߵԺ, ʹסڶߵԺȺ, ʣµСʹŶֲеԺȺ֮, š
Ժ֮, ̲ԺеĲͬ
֪ڹ, Ƕ˵ȻԺȥϢʲôعҡ
˵ֿ˴ʿ, պúϢ, ȵ, ǻһӲҪ򡣡
ҵĴʿŷǰʧ֣˷ǰȻ, ԼҪȻǡ
̹˵ģԵ߾ȫ
̹˵ͷתԻԼԺ
Ժụ̹̂ȻΪ, õȴǳ١
δӶԶŮְ, Ƕһ˹ġ
ûеõ, ʹݻǲ˼Ů, ʹʱǲ
̳ڳϴʱҪǽ, ʱ䶼κ˽Ժ䡣
ԺӣֹԺţȻŸԼ뿪ʱһȻŽյķȥ
߹ƿţŵĶĵƻƵ
ɫĹ߲㣬ĵƻǰӰ
̼ڣ߽Ժ˷ţһ硱
ڿһΪ̧裬һʵǧΣпɽŷôֲ
ǰ£Ļһۣ˵֪һʧܣαڻЦң
ڴЦһֽõĲƽȵƵǰ
ǰⱭðˮȲ裬ֶ̧ƷеĲ㡣
ʱ򻹺Ȳ裬Ȼ硣
ڲ豭̧ĿԵŮϡ
ɣ飿ϴζֻ̹ŹվȻˣôȥѾæ𣿡
֪ڰߵŮɵȥߣΪҪʲôṩЩ
ڰεһ壬ʩΪЩܲܰﵽԼ
ɣ˵ûС
ڹвȸָ飬λҪղŻ޵Ӹȥ
ɣߣǵȵ޽Ӹ֮ھҪﻹǻ
̹ˣҪʹ֮󣬸һضңɣȻҲǵμ޹ȥ죬ʱ
̵õɣĻش𣬷˲豭תڣҲشոյ⡣
ڸոսԼռƻѣŷôƾ֡
ţϴšȻϡı顣
˵֮󣬱㿴ű羭ݵͬԭȫһ
ԼƽǶԼӲ⣬ֻҪ.ߣ㲻ۣ̾ͲֻߵĽ˫ûڵɫϣȻ˵˵ˣԸΪʲôȥ֮ǰ˵ҿ϶ʧ˰ɣ

ɽԶͼϪͼٴʤͼھʱ򣬱ǸԶŵַһ漣漣ÿһóŵĶǻʥıʼȫɫ޲һĻ
鷿Уŷ
һص漣̿ڳԪ۵ϣһոշĻϻ
ԪһĻһ߿ԼϰŵĻô¡
̧ͷʵϪͼ޵Ĺ֮еģ
ԡŷεص
ǡԪ۷ӦԭҪ͸ĸǸϪͼҲģȴ㡪
ŷû˵Ĭϡ
Ԫָ̧ĿڣԼӵһġϪͼô
ҽ漣͸̫̫֪ϲȻһ˶ռУ˽УһҪϪͼˣȴ
ŷ±塣
Ԫ۵ͷ̧һֻʾ˵֪
ղǸҲûа취Լ̫ξǣ¡Ǯׯлʦص漣־û취ˡ
ŷŲͣҰοò׻ĳԪֿۣڵȻǷϪͼٵˣǻǶ룬ԭ´漣ھֻʣһӰ֪Ψһһ漣ڱµĹУǱǷʲôأ
⵹ǡ
ôһ룬Ԫ۾;ûôʹˡ
ǰ漣ĵֽСشһʾŷѻûȥ赹ԡ
ŷǰƹһȥһԳԪ˵뿴ĻϻеһԾڱµ鷿
ţԪĻԼ̫ξȻֿ˿ǷϻУҵĴʿûпġϪͼͰ
ˣҲ֪鷿Ʒ
˶ᵱԪǽ漣ӹóԺ󣬾鷿͡
ŷԭºϻӣվԶԳԪ˵նƣ˻ȥǻ
Ԫһ̲סʵǻʲôһ뵽ڵǰֻҪһΣͷˡ
ŷԣĿ¶˼˵»ڶҵĴʿϣڻ԰ڰǰѾʮλˡ黭٣黭ҪΪѣȻҪˡ
ԪۣǸΣ
һ뵽ʥ֮ӣжҴʿͷΣ֪Ȼղ
ڶܹͬûе֣ǱܣѲɻ
ԪţĿеŷ
Ǿ֮鷿̷ŷ飬ŷȲ˶Էĺ֣һҪʱӦ䣬뻹һϵʱܹš
ڳԪԼûУ͵Լ̫ξٳУľ֡
û뵽ŷȴ˵ҳͲգͬλʿĵĴУߵҲˣµĳ֮УܹⶫҵĴʿһˡ
ô죿Ԫеϻ
ƽ֮ŷ˵ųԪ̯̯֣ǾûкǿҲˣοճѾӮһ֣վ͵һһ֣Ҳûʲô
Ԫۣ˵Ҳǡ
ʹݡ
̻֪Ԫ۸ŷԼ콫Ҫеĵڶսȡƹˤսԡ
ǲ󷽳Ǳ֮һϲ綫ңԪԼһɳȥӦս˶ԺҪο޶Ҵʿվտܽұʾ߸ӮһΣӺõķԡ
˵֮󣬵ڵۣǰٴԤеһжҲͽͣõҪķӦ
˵仰֮ͿʼΪԼ裬˵
ǰҪ漣ȥŷֵʱ˵ͬĻ̻ǲײǽͷһУ˵ҪԹ֪һҲʡֱȥԣȰ
̹һǵһǣ֪ڿ˵˽ŷˣ˵˼ȻԼùôһβȥԣҲ϶˵
˵֮ԹԵغȲ裬֮ǰҪȰԼ̲סڵҪô
̧ôһβҪ˲֪ˣ
ϲսϲ׷ѹ򡣡̾죬ңҪôܸǵɫ
ڷ˲豭ĿԱһתɣϡ
Ҫȥȡһ

ڴ˯ȥȵʱ򣬼Ѿ
ŲӴ֧Լɣ̨
ɣֵ̧򣬽ַŻ棬Ŵϵ̨վԭԼ˵Сˣ
ȥˣ
ɣȥһˡ
μ̨һԣԼ˵ÿһʱ䶼ҪȥһΣ֪ġ
ûֻֻǳȥӲϸƳһµƤ.ҲͰˡ
̫ϣǶҹ棬ȻĵҲǳŷȥġ
ʱڣĴ࣬ȴע⵽ἰŷʱͬϵĴҪķӦ
ǶˣĶҩŻѪͳ֮䶨Ȼǧ˿ƵĹϵ
⾩һϣ֪Ҫٵ¶
ֱ壬ְ̧һüģɢΪ˯ߴĻ
ҪԸŷ⣬ļ֮Уŷûǻ֮ռʲôλá
ΣϱӲ֪ⱲӼڸҵĹĵ⣬׹
λȨ㳯Ұŷ̫ξڶС
֣ŷŲܰǶƫ⣬Ҳ֪δӰ죬෴ǶԽ죬ŷԽҪӹ常һС
ŷߵģŷǡ
ɣڴصŮڵҲҪʲôҲǸҹʲôϵ
ֻ̧ҪĸɾЩʱ䲻Ҫ¡
ɣ鶥ŲĵԼЦһ
ÿûõʱֻչ¶˵һ棬ÿԼʱǷǳ״
˵Сġ
ⶫŮֱڲĵߣ¶ȻСģץסѱСܿҪޣҪЩֵ˸һӸȥСҪϸѡˡ
ǻȥġ£ֻΪɣԼҪӲţȥӸҲҪԡ
˵֮ûпɣı飬ֻǾͻż޹ȥˣҪôԼҪҪֲ֣עĿ
-
֮ǰ˲ܼ棬Եڶյϯûٽ
Ҳ廹ˬԾ˸мٳʣµ飬óϱŮȥ˹С
̫̫ڹйҹϯ֮ϣֻȱϯˡ
ȥҲεĴ㣬ȻܽɣߣҲͬܵȥ
ⶫŮ˵ĻȫģҪԼۿţȥܲڹϱǶҵ
ʹţʮԾɸŴѧʿһˡ
ǳãлȥһʻŵ£ԼڿջţΪֹлҪ㵽ʹȥ
û뵽صջų극ûãлоˣűдõĻźľϻ
ľϻŵǱ壬һöҪһᰵģʮһöͲŵʵСҵҲ𣿡
úôҲŽһʮʦ֡леصһʲôϡģŰɡԿʼѧ֮󣬾ЩֻͣҪǸЩֵģˣ˵һͬʡ
Ϊ磬Լöһ޶лӦóԳԴ׵ġ
ڱķΧ̫ˣҪһԴ׳ԹȥĻǵֱʡ˳Դһȥ⡣
ʮȻܿģͰԼöϻȡ˳Ȼ䣬˵ġ
ദô̵ʱ䣬ͼǵôС뿪˼ңݽʦţֻбʦ֣ҲֻСʦܵʮ֡Ҳùҡĸо
ŵл֮Żȥ˴ʦ
⽻˻ţʹҫһ壬ƤҪҪ⣬ʾл
յϯǰʽڵУǰ԰
԰԰ڣʱ԰磬ʱڣ԰ʢŹ͢ľջ²ڲݳݺɵĶ죬԰ȻǻŽǧľ󣬽˿ž泩
԰֮󣬴ڶʹŵϯλϣʿվߵ˵С
һоһͷ
ϯ̸֮ľȻˡ
ʿȥûнյԺϵ鿴ȥӲ
Ԫ۵λ߰˲ĵطͣԪһ񣺡£һ֮롣
Ԫһ֪ҪʲôӣЦеؿڵк£˵޷
ʿ֣վֱųԪ۵Ͽʼѧ壬ڴ˵ж꣬вҸʮ֮һڶҾȴͬ޵֣Ϊʿɴˡ˴̹ʹܣ棬ʵҲǻҪһѰֵԸ
һ˵ţһߵתĿϯеıȺɨһЩվڻ԰бܵģͬĿഥ¶ŭɫ
󽫾ĿദʱȴɫȻ
ʿջĿ⣬ٴζԳԪ۹ֵϷļ϶УѾڻ԰ͬµĳӶĹһδѰ֣ʵǾÿϧ¿ڶ࣬ŷ˾ʮ֪ܿɻóߣһս
˻һձƹЩǾ͸ˡ
飬ǸȳҲˣ쾹ȻڱǰҪһΣΪǸһиʥ嵱ɱҵרע
Ҽ˵֮Ŀڱ㵽ŷϣȻڵŷȥӦս
ǵģ֮󣬽Ҫһس
ָſŷ
λŷˣʥУѹǮҲУû˵Ҳеġ
һطɱǶŷĪġ
˿̲̿ס룺һأһŷҲǸز¶Ĵʿأ
յλԣ˵壬ʶ˵ڴ˵衢еģˡ
һЩϢȥʿսûʤ㡣
ȥʵ벻صϢԾֱԵıˣ硣
ţõлеתĿ⿴ʵôˣ
СȥӭսⶫҵĴʿӮ𣿡
леı鿴ȥЩʧЦ
Ա˵綼֪ԭеôߴ󡣡
룬ز¶ϱ龳£ӹ֧ӮҴʿʲôֵģ
лڼ˵ܸܵõĽ̸ҲУЩ֣ܸŴʦոд裬ȥͬһսҲ֪Ǵܲˡ

11.1ʼ
Ҫ˵ʤʿһֵ˵, лڼе, ӦûС
ⶫҴʿ, ּ黭, ֮, صһҹû˯, , ̸ʿ֮µǼ塣
Ȼ֪֮ʵ, ӻǲԸ䣬Ҫĥ, һһѩǰܡ
һҹĽǽ¶˶ȦĲ, Լ֬ˮ۸ڵ˺Ȧϵƣۼ
һ, ŵԾزμϯ
ڽ˿Ϊ֣Իȥһҹû˯
ŴĻ, Ҳڴ硣
ܴöԼллûдôȥֻ˵ٿ
лڼЩɥҲǿԼĵܵǰȥӭս
ڸ˵ʱ, һֻŷô˵
ֻ˵ʢ飬ڴ˵ȴȫȤ, 㲻ˡ
ŷӦս, ʿһ˿ʧ
ŷӦս, ȻԼ, ǲػؾ˴յ˺֮١
ڽ·ϣѾ⼸¡
ŷŵ漣Ƕұ˺ٵҲ漣
ӮΪǲ֪Ϣ
ǰ˺޸Ļʵǹ֡
Ԫ˵Ļ˵޵̫ξȷʵڴ˵ͨ޶в壬޵ĺˡ
ȺӦ˴ʿ󣬽ԭǰĸŲյ˰ڷ̣ȻԼʵλ˭Ҫͬһսģ
Ļ£кüλĴվ˵սս
⿴ԵĴҲվųԪ۹ֵҲս
ʿĿЩӦսɨĶհԼµˡ
ӣհԼΡ
֮⣬ҲмλϵĴվ
Ƕҵʿս飬ǵıҪ˳ӦսܲӮһ£û˳սһ¡
˿ʿֻžӮԼʹҲҪһ
Լĳģ֪ҪҲԸӦԼվԪֻеο֮£ֻҪ֮޴ʿռԼûжίˡ
û뵽ʿЩӦսˣڵλһ̫鷳ˣ˶ڼ⼸λһϰɡ
һ˶̲סһ
ⶫʵ̫ˣ
ǼӭսĴ곤ĻãѾڱ֮ɫ
ҵϯλ֮ϣ̹С
ʿ˾ټֱͱѣֻⲢǳ⣬ֻʱн֪
ʿŷӦս˴˾٣Ҫ±ܵӡ
룺㷴ӦͬԤϵһģһǰԭļƻ˵ǲʹҿܴΡ
ϯϣʮɴ۾
촽˴ʦֵĶʲôһˣ
ŴʿһܶһƬ
ܴ˶Ǳ˵ʮҪ˵ֻؼ
Ŵѧʿûд
ȷʵʮʦ˵Ҿܵŭ
ܶԴԽ棬ʱˣǶҾûԽӡ
ֶԶ˵Ҫ޹ؽҪǵ˽⣬֮¶ȻĿġ
ʮٴ˵ʦ֣ȥĻΣ
һ£ŴѧʿǵתĿ⿴ͬ촽ԼĻ˹ȥǴʲôϵȥʲô֣
ʦؿţʮӡ
ŴѧʿջĿ⡣
ھδ˵档
ƣܶŭԣȻûаӮʿ
ȵ¹֮ٿΪתͷƵͷ˵
Ԫ׳Ƭ̣Ӧ̫ξҲ˵ˣյر⡣
˼֮ɿüͷһɵصִĻǺãˡ
ǴⷽûкǿǸԼʵ֪λĻʵۣʿҪԼѶȣʲôͬĵ
ʿתߵڳ̺¡
ӦսĹаˣԪְ̣ԴʿλΪԲģֱ쳤ľΪ뾶̳ſ
ÿ̺󣬶һŵӣлڼڣվӭսĴ󳼶ߵ˳Уѡһŵ¡
ģһ԰ˣδš
λãÿԿϱ顣
㱻ŭĸֻ꣬ᷢӲѡ
Ԫ۵һɨϯеˣϳǶûнעرϡ
ڸϯλȻƷ̸ʲôȻʲô
Ǿþ˵ˣ֪Խ־ԽЩ˽Ŀ
ЩߣԼոˣûȥһȭʦ᳼ǣͻҪ
ֿʼλִڣʿִףոϰߵӣȻͿʼ֣ɡ
ĬȻⶫʿ֪ôҪǰ˸һϣǾ¿塣
ͬʱģҪ˼Ĳͱ뵥˶Ҫ࣬ٶһ׳
ǰ˸ˣһֱƺͣǴ
ŷվƵ֣ǰͣµ֮ٴⷬıԽˡ
ϳߵ˿üë˶ںԼ̸˽һĵ̫ξҲ̫ˡ
⣺
һĻΪʲôԵû³
лпŴʿ
ţ˵ֵһᣬȻԼĽ塣
˵ʵôǻȫ
леĿִ׵ϣؿ·
û³ҲԼͬʿĵλϡ
̣ܿʹԭĿհױɺڰӽɱ
һʼİ˺ܿͷԼ˴ʿĽ
һаˣ̾ƶƿ֮С
ģ˵ٶȶ
ŴʿٶȻͬǰһ͸ķꡣ
лڼһöӣͷ˺
ͬ˶һ㣬е֣ӷ·ҲǧԼɱеѹͬʿĵʱҪ󣬾һһΡɽһִݿΰȫֵܵ
ϻ·ߣȴÿһܴﵽġ
ӣ˶Է塣
лڼͣסãԵ⼸Ҳһִӣٳٲһ
ʿ֣ѾӮˡ
˿УۿԼǰʾ֭Ҫҳһ·
Խ룬ԽݾУ԰Ρ
лüĿԼֳϣͬľܡ
лڼľ񶼱У治ͣسײڱԽԽ졣
ȥֻ񶼻ܵˡ
ָѷ֣ʿŲߡ
лջĿ⣬棬Ȼֱֽ̧ߵĲɨȥ
׹أҲ
Ǽźӳٳٲֵ˶Уͬס
ָһɣɫӾʹָڵϣŸԶ
ӵԺ󣬰ҲӷŵħлعָѣʲôɽǧǰɢǰȻͨͨһ塣
ŸеԼһͷ亹֪Լ²ȥˣֻٿˣܵٶȾȻͬԼһ֮ϣǽÿһֵĿһȫ൱ġ
ɫҰܣƾһ㣬Ϳɿʿ纣ɲ⡣
֮У곤λϳȿЦվ˵䡣
ʣˣлڼҲԼʧܣ׷䣺䡣
ʿԴԼĵ֣£һء
һаˣ裬ҲǱƲѡ
ҲվͬԼĵİ˹һ񣺡á
ʤѷ֣ʤܰܡ
һ֣žҪˡ
ţеԵվɵתͷȥ磿
õлĿȥһ硣
лڼϰһҹּ֮ľ񣬷վʱһ˿ȡ
ûлɣֻעŴ磬ϸģǵ˵ͷ
лдϯλ˳ȥлڼַס
лڼով;ͷΣڸеֱϴݹһͷԼĵܹܵˡ
Լƣ̬ڵܵУȻҲУǶˡ
ãĵĴҲͬŹ˿ž;ñǱⶫҵĴʿ仨ˮ
лڼɫȻղûһѩǰܣݵشܡ
Լոջھ;õܵûǺõġ
ܵܵλԼǿҪֵĿ飬ֻ»Լܡ
ֻǵ˶ͬŴ뿪صϯλȥʱǻԭûж
УлڼеܵܣĿ⼸Ѿߵϣֻ̾һ˵ȥɡ
ʿվԭأлڼתͷû뿪ֵܶˡ
֪ԼȴܵӣἸ꣬ȥͬ÷ˣʿûм
ֻ¼ĿԼƵУ⿴ž˲ͬġ
ϯУСӹȥ͸һվﲻˣתͷŮȥǷô
ŸӰвɵøֳѵǴˣ
ŷҲлС
κԺھԭӦû˵ע⣬ֻйâʤıڣĴڸжԵϡˡ
֪лЩ겻ߣڱׯϾסʱо֣Ŵʦ壬ֻǲ֪ϵ辿Ρ
̹۾δζԤ֮УǱ⣬лС
ʿлƬ̣ûдٷӦǴܵĳǿڵǴӼ𣿡
лڼԭ뿪õܵͬԼһȥ嶼Ѿ³ˣѣﻹʲôҪȥ
ȴž˵Ҫٿ̧ۣŴʿ˵δɡ˵ţִһöӣ̵һǡ

лڼλãüͷԽˡ
ſڶԵܵ˵һӲǹ岻ֹĺתһȦ˻ȥ
ЩѾصϯλϵĴǼҪ£ʱ˾
ղǲ⿴Լ֣Ҳͬģ֪һͬԼԵһǿƻ·ʵ·Ѿɵִվ뿴лһ
ʿһ֮ϵӲɫ䣬Ҳǰһöӣϡ
½ǣӶٳΧƣԵһƬӣлɫȻһƬݣӡ
ֱ壬Ŀѣ룬Ҳؿϣǳֳ֮Ƶٴα
ӣ½ǣ֮ضȡ˺
лڼվֻת˫ٴչɱ̲ס¶˷֮ɫ
ɫ仯Գ˵ԵġԭΪǰ˾ֶƵ·ߣòľ棬ھȻһֻת
һ̣ǻٴȥ
תԺ󣬴ʿͣϵĶлҲûȥӡ
ֹУһֱ֪ǳ
ߵļŤתǬѾ֤ʿһս֮
ʿиֳһ˿ʡ
леʣ߾幫ӿȤҲǼ£
леĻشȻǸղĸ֣δɡ
˵֮ɿڴϵֻ֡
лڼԼվֱˡ
˷ŵܵͬⶫҵĴʿϣȻ·磬ǱʲôҪӡ
˼Ʊ仯лвҪŤתһǬʣ߾ȻҲƾ˼·
˵ֻĿڳſǰƶȡӣͬҵĴʿ
ת˲֮䣬⼸类ס־Ȼ϶ѩڣƱ
У˱֣ϵҾϲ
ıӰסȭͷ֪֪ǱԨһھͻΪĿĽ㡣
ԪҲϲ⡣
׼Զԣ͵˶֮úõؿһʿû뵽ھȻз̵Ļᣡ
ȥź¶˸ֵ񣬾Ȼɱﵲصôãڲó
Ѿյ˲ͬŵĽмʣ˲עԪۡ
һػϵ飬һһ˵ӣɷˣ
ξôгϢĶŮ
ô̳ģ
лڼŵܵԱߣԼڼ֤ʷ
ۿԼܰ˸ֶתΪ˻֣֮ƶͣͣһƾ־ͻתһ֣֮ʱҲȫ˼
лڼ֪ʵˣ֮һ㣬Ϊڡٿʱ򣬾Ѿƾ֮λʿ·͸ˡ
ȵ˾嶼ת֮лвǰͣס˽ŲŴʿ˵׳ˡ
ʿһʼڣѾڿһĶ֡
ӷű˵ķӦѾϳǰ˵ݣֻ˵ȻתӿȤλǵ壿
ллδشλѾصϯλУվ˫ȭ˷ܵؿֻתĴǾӦãӣϷ־꣡
ûӣͽˣ
лڼҲ˵ܵߣ̧ļ
ôĿ⿴˵ܵһۣͰ⼬ֵľƽԼԶת˵֮뿪
лд˿̷á
ǰ뱱һ԰˵ľƣڰ˶дʿǰ뿪ֱ֮һһ
ж˽
ɢлƲ壬ʿܹԼһսĶ֣㹻أҲû¡
ٴοʼ׽ɱлȴûͬ룬רעһ֣һӣߵһǰ
Ŵʿűͬʱ°壬лͬģҲǸΪһͬʱƽ˸֡
һ£ܵȫθߵͬǰĶһ
ڳ٣Ŀתض֣ϵķչ
ʹţŴѧʿлʿģҲѸ˾ʲô
ʮȻʦһܿóֵĽ⿴Լͬͬסͬͬˣȴ̲ס̾
лǸϻˣʱʵ̫ãʵ̫ˣ

11.1ʼ
ǰֵڴ˿˸ţŷһֱ̧ͣࡣ
Ҫ, лϳ֮ʿ, Ҫȴˡ
һͣ, оͱޱȰ, ҶרעС
ǰ˾ڻʿ, ϵͬŽȻͬ
˶ӵ, ĵ˾εߡ
һʼǿʱ, ˼·ܸ, ǵԽԽ죬˾ͬʱƽ, ǵ˼·ȫˡ
Ⱥͺ
ÿ찡⡪
Ӷ˼𣿡
Ǵʿ, ڷ֮ʱ˼ҲͰ, лȴǰ;ӹ˵ͬȥ
ڴʿĽУȻҲȫ, ǿܸϣ֮ʱˮ֮·Ҳɡ
ǸֹС
սжֳͷ
ŰӰʿȴƫͬ˿леıһ, ǲ̫Զˡ
˫ٶһ죬ʤҲͱԽ졣
һ̺, ڶ̺, ̺, ̺͡лнƽľ, ˶̲סһã
ǵĿںϣ˷ܵصһʤ
ǵȵ̵Ľʱǵڴȴˡ
䣬䣬䡭
ڰ̡
ʿеİһǣлеĺС
ֽĺĸ
ԭʣµӮһֵˣ̲ס̾Ϣ
⡪ôͺأ
ⲻֳܹȾֵлУΪǺǸҪǰˡ
ǰ;ֵĴ˻ã˵λȴܵͬŵԹ
Ҳ̫ˮˡ
㲻ϾͱϹϰ㿴;ֶͲˡ
λĬĬس𱸣û˷
ǿлаԼߵͶ·µôʣһµɱ֮ܣֻлӹȻ
ȷʵˡ
ҪһʼµĻ¹˭δ֪
ˡ
лֺеĸӣԼ߾ȫ³Ľȥ⣬ʿɲ⣬
仰ǸⳡΧ֮սĻ
ǳԪۻǱȺзӦеʮˡ
Ϊ˸ֶҪѹԶ䣬û뵽лгµľֺľָ
Ҫչ¶Ц֮ʱŷλһ̧֡
ЩͬȺһҲֽеĹ͢ʦæٴ
һ죬ͬŲһԴһϲ
˶Уϵı鶼΢
⡭⣬ǲҪֳ
ûӮ
ʿûйŷֵöС˵־л֣ⷬ࿴
ûԤϵﻹܹ϶֣лдǰԣ˵ᣬ֮һ϶Ȼǰ;
ǰˣӲɫҲ࣬д͵صССѽ֣ƽ¹嵱һء
ϾлнֵʱѳɣһʼµĻ˾ػӵľʡ
ƾһ㣬леĳƺѾлӱСѣͬƽ۽
ȻĹҲͬͬǣҲллǴӴʿĻиоֿ
ҲĿ⣺ʿ־ŵƽǰʮҷѾȫҲˡ
վﻥ޶ԷǱȽ
ǵȳԪ۴һվߵǰǿڿҫʱǾȫˡԪۺĵؿ˴ʿȻ֮ͬ޵֣ܣ޵ЩҲֻܸʰ·硣
ڿлʱһ̧־ԼֶļοصнҲǳ޵ϣ˵׼μǣõлп϶Ĵ֮󣬳Ԫٴļ򣬳ڴصã޾͵ͨǣ괺ǽ޾ڵеټ㣡
ⷬĶǶӵ
Ѿܹԣͨƾ볯Ϊˡ
˺ɣֻҪлн볯УȻһɳ졣
ٿлУ㳡ϣŵԺԳֽ
λոոҵĴʿľƽȴ糣ųԪ۵ж
⿴Ÿ磬ѾƲסеЦ⡣
ո䣬ǰô̵ӡ
˫ȲȱҲٻͬϱ䡣
ϱ£ܹΪ
Ⱳվڸߵ㣬ǵĸ֡ԼΪΪ󣬶ȻվøߣøԶ
ţĿϯɨйŮԼâ˸ĿתֻĴҹʱֻҪ˫ϲҲ˵ˡ
˵գԪĿϣʢһ֣³־
˳¼ڴڣǴܵʿо
ʿųԪ۵ĻŴܵĻʵԼøС
ȵԪٴογʹ֮صңҲҪͣʿؿ
Ƭ֣֮صشӦ˳ԪֻۣҪлᣬ¶Ȼᵽݼ£ͬܵʿúõؽ۵
һɸ껯Ϊ񲯣еնٴαú
ϯϣŴѧʿлУԼʦ˵ʦ˵ĹȻԣȥҲԼ⡣
лʵ̫ˣԭΪּܰȥ˲ˣû뵽ľȻܹʿµ;֡
Ҫͷβһ֣֪˭˭Ӯء
ʮţͼʿתлУͬ˵˾Сͬµģ˵ʵ㹫ƽ¿ʼһֿɺã
⻰һо;˾Ҫ£
ⶫ˷ҪǴܣŸ
лиʿվؿ˵仰ʱֿ顣
֪ʿΪ֣ԼҪԼһ֡
˼ˣлеͷֻѾʱ磬ӦˣȵúһʿٶһΣ
леĻз׷׳Ļǡ
ǰ⹫ġ֣˽½
һӮʲôӰ졣
ʱһֱп仯̹վ˵˵Ĳ»Ӧȿ磬ȵ֮лλǰһ֣һʵ
леתĿ⣬ԶҵŮһۡ
⻰ƽȴǷҪת˽ʵĶֳ˻
ʿŲҪڴӦˣڲΪҵڵĶֶ˵ʱ
򴽣ŵȻ˵꿴Ԫۣ£Ǳȵ֮лСٶһ֡
Ԫ۷ûüڶԣҲֻܿлУУΣ
ܽת˽£лҲ⣬ֻһΪ
ԭ̹һܣлƵı֣;Ҳаսʤⶫʿ練öҺڷҪȡأ
Ԫ۷ģҽֲȷŸ˰峷ȥ磡
ĸܹǳղͬζҲˮһ͵ϯϡ
˸ԻλʿҲȥˡ
Լλ֮ǰ뿪ΪԼŲµıֶ̹Ǹ̹һ̧֣ʾûҪ˵Щ
ŮЦŹϲ˵ϲҵ֡
һ˵ţһ߿ϯλߵлУȻԻС
ĿͶȥʱ򣬱ûر⣬Ϊ˶ڿ硣
ЩӵĴڿңңͬٱף곤Ҳڿ¶ο
֮£ԱߵĴԵʽˡ
ոֱڻӪûС
룬ȥԺٲûҪͬһδŤתֵġ
ϯȻʼۣ˽ȴҲԵÿ
绹һлиʿĶģڴ
ʿԪ۸һ侲ңڤ룬̬ӭӽͬлеһġ
ʿ൱Ķʱóߵľ⣬Ŀڤ롢㾫һ£Щ˻ԡԱʾء
Ԫ԰ΪһԺӣκȥϢ
˶ɵ԰߶
Ԫһ𣬰лнеǰ
ԶͤаûУܲӮ
˵ǳԪۣһȵεŶӵĻشҲ˼ֽš
ΪףȻҲһֱԼӣȴ֪ԼСʲôʱôһգҲ֪ԼĶϵĹм֡
леؿԼĳԪۺ͸ףֻЦЦ̫ɡ
Ԫۣ

ŷΪͤеĵˣлеĻشֻЦ
лн͵ǶҵĴʿҲС䣬Ҳûʲô
ô˵ûдԪ۸롣
ⲻǿһƥһɱΧϣܹӮһѣǴӮøƯ
˽йô˽һʣǿڣǸ˸˵ġ
һô£ôһҲûʱһҲ
㬵롣
лУ˵ףҲȥϢӦǳ֡
лдͤгһȺŮվԶԶһ˷ܡ
ֻǳԪ۸ʿһԺӣлͬһԺȥϢǸȥҲˡ
ӰʧתǴŮǲջĿ⡣
ΧһȦΧеǱ⣬ƽվڱԣ幫Ҳڡ
ȺŮԼע⣬תͷԵҲĿת̲ס̾һ
лڹɵӣȷʵǺڵûаסᡣ
Ȼûõʱĸװ͵ͬúദҪһлС
ڶ˵棬㲻âҫۣҲӣһãǾûˡ
ջĿ⣬Žƽʱ⣺ûʤİգ
ţ⿴ŵĸ˵ĹԼɩƽЦӳУɵҲԼ˴ա
ƽԼֵֹģһ뵽˱ĥʲôмգҪʲôأشҡ
ֻΧΧŵһȺŮǶŶȱĶұϡ
Ƿ׷״ߴٵǰ⣬ûаʤǶҵĴʿ˵Ҳһƽ֣
ܴƽҲǺõģǴʿ꣬ɲôôܵء
˵Ҳǡ
ŮߴߴԱһһطţĴ𰸷Ρ
ֵУĹעΧû˵
Զ̹ڳǿһѡ
۵ңûĿ
̹ԽԽȻѾ˵ʲôϴһ˿ЦЦı顣
ⲻò̹ˡ
ⶫҹ֣ŮһӰ
תͷűĿ֮ȥ̳
Ůע£ǲؾͳԱȥÿһ·
һ˲ؾͰ幫һȽϡ
ǹλͰƶûУڱͽƽ߼ֱС͸
ҲûпˣĿֻǾֱڱϣͬ˵ղŸλ۵ҲˣҲ̩֣ӻʤʤ
йŮǵűĻش
˵ʱԹԵûеȵĴ𰸣λҵĹˣȻǲܲ
ֻźڷŮЦЦȻͬһȻԼߵӮģֵĽһ仰ҵĻҵȻ˵Ӯˡ
⻰˵ĵˮ©ȲԵ԰ҲԵҡ
ȵĻһ£ƽ˵̹㽫ǱеˣõĶһĴ𰸣ͺûˡ
⿴̣˽ƽĻֻ΢΢ЦҲԡ
ƽֵٶһʱ־Ҫʼˣʱϼ£Ҳȿ˾־֪˭
ƽĻû˵꣬ע⵽ԶһС̫࣬ȥɫ԰ףʮֻţϻѪ
ڿҪܵͤǰʱҲͤгԪۡŷע⡣
վԼС̫ࡰͨһǰͤ˺ʡϣʿʿˣ
ʲôϢԪƤһ
ŷȴͬ˵һȥʹͤгһ߳ŴʿϢĵطȥһ˸ƣѸٵؾ£
ڻʹ֮УҵĴʿȻ̡
ԭЩɢ԰̱岽һڣʮһڣΧͰ
ʿ̵ϢһӦȥ̹Ůɫһ±üɢͬǰֳĺ޺ȫͬ
ȻǶзŵĻӹ򵥡
ŷȥ󣬺ܿʹԵ̵̧Ĵʿص԰Уƽĵϡ
԰пȽԺиӰȫ
Ůڵϲ֪Ĵʿҹȥ
ֻ̹Ⱥм˳ȥǸߡ
һͻҲȥŴʿ̣Լأ

11.1ʼ
ǳ׹ֱͬ˴԰, ŷ
л, ȻѾ֪ʲô, ԵɫЩ, ȴˡ
Ǽӿ˽Ų, ׷̹
̴԰ٶȷǳ졣
ⲻ, Ҳܿͤǰ
ΧĳǡлкǼλس֮, ˶⡣
ŷѽ˰Ѵʿ̧ʱ, Ѿȥҽ
˿ֵ̣̫ҽڴ԰ҴҸ, ϱҩ䡣
ͣסŲҲͣ
ʿڵ, ؿڲһѵ
˿ѪѶȾˡ
Ψһҵ, ѵֻǴǰأûд͸ȥ
ǰ, ̹ʿˣȴûоʹ˶ʱ򣬽ɫɳһЩ
ʹ룬ȴ, ҪǴʿǾǴһ, ȥʱȴҪĹǻ, ǻһǳ鷳
ҽСܹ, Ԫǰ, ¹񣺡΢μϡ
졣Ԫʱʲô񣬡ȥʿ
ǡҽæվ
ΧڵϵĴʿߣһ˰һ̽һڷ۾ּһ˿ڡ
һ֮곤ǸҽųԪ˵£ʿеһȻգû˼ֻ࣬ǰε֮ʱֹѪҲܿΣ
Ļڵţؿ΢΢ĴʿûȻε֮һܹ
Ԫݵ޲ʲô취ʲôҩһҪѴʿȻ
ҽԵ
ֻڴ˴ðεҪѴʿת˵طٽһ
ηֹԼѧͽȥ˵Ĳ
ŷ˼Ĵֵټ԰ҪҲôף֮˶Ȼ԰С
Ԫֿ̹˵ģʿᰲȻҲһ
ͷβԪǰһ͵ġùҹĻʵۣ˿һڣһԾŶĵչ¶š
̹ĿⶨڴʿϣǱ÷
Ԫ۵Ļ̧ͷ˵űҪһֻǶҵĴʿڻʹ̡
һ˵ţһߵתĿ⣬ɨҪ֮ҳ֡
˵ǻųصĳȴ֣֪֮˭ǶĳޣҪ
ŷľֹü˼ڻд̴ʿ˾
̹ҲûҪڵĴ㣬صǰôλ˶£ǶĻԹҲ֣УҲܵĴڰɣ
˵ţٴοԪۡ
Ԫ˵ʱ£д֮ڱµĳ֮У»᲻ΪڣҲһ
ͱˣӦ˸еʮð
뵽̵ܴǶҵĴʿʹеҪ԰̣˸Ҷ֣ͬҶԶҵ˶֡
ȻҲ̹ڡ
ȫûбϣ㼤ȫпԭ
Ԫ۳޵ĳӲ£һ˵ˣӷͬԵϳͣŹ
仰̹ȥ΢Щ
ͷٴοʿȴʿǻָʶҪ
ǰԶְ̧ļ򣬳
˵ע£ʿĽë˶
üǳŬҪ۾ȴʼղôһѾ
̹ߣʲôӻȡһҩƿοƿҪݵǶˡ
Ա߿ŵ̳̹Ҫʲô
ղŻڻǵı֣ܳҩǲҪʿˣóǴ
̹ķһתͷҶҩܹ̼ѣӰ졣
Ǵ˿̴ʿ֪ҲҪתָϾ˭ͱһˣ
ŷ̹зִ硣ʿôһԷ泯𹥻ڵ֮ǰ˵Ѿֵܿ˶٣ֵҩ棬ܹôʿƬѣָ֣Ҳܾǻ
͵ͬǳԪ۵̬ˣվŵľûЩԭŵʲôҩ̫ҽҲһԣڷŮҩƿյ˸භҪĴʿǶˡ
ԿţʿƿеҩԺ۾
ҩЧǿ񽥽
ָʶ̳ƿӣļңǺ㣿

ʿ̵ϳǰԼŮ˭
˶촽ҪȴţƾԼĶҲ塣
æ˵˵ֻҪһ˵ţһתͷܣһҾûˣֻҪҳܵı²ŹǶҲŹ
˵Ա˿ôʿܹݵ￴ΧվĶʲôˣָ֡
˼ŴʿĿ⳯ԼȻûʲôǴĿʱ򣬶Ǳһ¡
λԶҵĴʿǱܵĻʹ˰㣬ȻΪʧѪΪǶҩĴָ̼ĿдŵҲ˲ұӡ
̹Ŀɨԭƶͬ˲Ǵ˿оͷ˲Լߵ̹˵һΪôܹ裬ԶŴʿ˺֣
ŷǶֵָϡ
ʿһ£һ˾ǷǸҴææܹͨС̫ࡣ
ŷղѾ˽С̫ղȥֳ̽ʱС̫ߣ˵ηִʿµġ
ŷԭΪʿǸźõԺ̵ġ
ˣڷУţֲܴŽȥֻǴͻơ
ҪϢǱķУֳκζʮѵ¡
һʣС̫ȴ˵ūšūڸµĴʿġʿԭǽԺУƬֳ֮ˣȻѯ˸µĵط
С̫౻Ѻţһŷˣսսͷ麹
˵Լ֪飬ŷԺԭҲпô˽ֵĹͰǴʿǾǻʹԺпǣģūŴȥ˸ĸ֮ء
ūŰȥԺ󣬴ʿ˵ҪūͷźūǲڽԣǾߵͷǸ֮ؾֻдʿһڣûм˹ȥūվŵʱҲûʲô
ŷʣôֽȥˣ
С̫˵ū뿪һԭΪʿڸ֮صԺУǹȥһʣű߿صȴ˵ûūŵ᲻ˤˣǲǾͻصǵطȥ
˵ſɥһȥͿʿڵϣؿڲôһذףūŻˣһ·¡
Ҳ˵ͷβûĿߣһִʿ̵С̫Ҳûм˵Ӱ
ŷŴʿĿת֮ǿһƺҪɢȥԭ۵ĿҲЩɢ
Ⱥз·ʲôע⣬ٴҪĴʿŬ̧һֻߵָ֣ȺУסס
ʲô
н롣
ǳŴʿָķȥȴվǸлУϴһϮ£վޱۡ
ʿָ֮û˵һ仰˹ȥ
һָеȷ
ֻԺһ죬ըһ¡
ʿȻָǴôһ֣
̹վ㣿
ָأлֻվԭ΢΢üĿڴʿϣ˼ʲô
վȺелڼվάԼĵܵܣصܣвˡ
һվЩ̹ĶʹҲ׷׷ָ𣺡ʿָľ˶ţʲôɵģ
ǰֵĻôʿ͹ָָأ
ˣݶҪǴʿأһǾͲñ˰ɣͿҵǰǰΪڣĺĸ֣Ҳܹ㱱ܣǱЩ˵äĿ׷ޣ˵öԲԣ
ֻ̹࣬վԭأؿлУ·ҪѹֱӱԼıʿС
Ԫ۸Ȼǲлģֻû뵽һǣ飬Ȼ䵽˿
ƫƫʿոָлУ˹ȥҪ˵ָҲ˵ùȥģͽжץס˰ѱҧŲš
俴̹̬ȣҲۡ
һǵһлеĸףڴ˿̣α̬ҷ
ЩͬͤӸԶԶĹŮߵʶס죺
ҵĴʿֵ̣ӣ
ܣһǱ磡бЩʤҪʤȻʤˣҲԹ
ûƽҲҿǶ˵ıһѵͱϣƫƫûҪҵ˵лӣԲôһпƣԼͱԼһ
幫Ǳŵò˵ģˣΧ˱鿴ȥЩɣҲʿԼһԺϢлҲһԺӣͷŵģǳȥĻǻʹѵ𣿡
ԲлУԲлС
ҪôǸд̵ôŰ£Ҫôƽ˵ģǶԵݣԴʧܡ
ԣû
Ů֮еüᶨ
ǱܵƴãӺαҪʱ֦ڣ
ڱȺ֮в˸߲
Ǿôʿ̣ԼӦٶ˵ʲôܣǶͱˣƾʧѪʧ־Ĵʿһָ򣬾ƾյҪǱܿܵףʱˡ
Ǹ⼸żĶʹԿѪˣʿʧѪ࣬˶ǿлӴǰ£Ǳһָ˵µĺ֣ǿ˵óڣ
ǣ˭֪ǺòײתҪϢǱǴʿǰ޷͵ͱһΪǶһƷɱ𣿡
ⲻѣһھ˼ҵʹϲȡ
һƷ͸ƿ£Ҷܣò׵ȵһƷ󱻽ǲſʼֱָͷ
⿴ǼʹͷɫǺ죬ѾҪ˵Щ˵ĴϣֱͬǴһˡ
нǣٿ磬ȴʼûпڡ
ʲôڲ²⾿˭Դʿµ
ţŷۿҪıܴ󳼺Ͷʹ˵ЩղŴ˵ûʿָָӣû˵ɱľ
Ļٴν
Ǳ֣ܰ
ʿʱָ˵ɱ˵ʲô
ŷĿһ䡣
վԱߵ󳼿仯˸ЩʹǲҪˣȻҶɱô
ʱлڿˣ˵ҶԴʿµ֡
һڣһֱĿ⿴ͬ̾͵˵㣬֤ݣ
Ļ֮վԭذƬ̣ȴҡҡͷûС
ŴʿµǶʱ䣬ϢԺУҲû˿֤ûʿڵĵطȥ
룬ԭΪԸղŲһֱû˵
̹Цһ˭Ѿ϶лµ֡
˵Ҳ֤ϴԼɣȴ֤֤㡣
˵ٴζȥӴʿĽյһֻгʲô
˵ĿⶼۼϣҲضŴӴʿгĶվչʾ˿
һɫ˿С
һ˿У֮С
лٳ˿УҲǵͷԼ׹ȥ
⵱Ϊ׹ӣ˿ߡ
㻹ʲô˵ģ
̾˿ߣһس˴ʿҪֻӴܣʿȴһ־ʹק˿ߣһֱ߬С
ԣ˵ⲻӦã
˵겻̷Ӧŷʵ˷ִʿڵϵģ
ŷף
ǷС̫ڻѺԺҲ˵ȥʱȷʵǿʿڵϵġ
˿϶Ĵ𰸣ת̣˵ʿܴ֮ǰȥǰץסϵ˿ߣһ⻹пԭȥֱҲֻϣ೶µϮߵͷƲܳ׹
̹ǱĻ˼Ǻܿ˵ô֪ղС̫ȥʱ򿴵ģʿǱƶأ
ǾҧԼ粻ˣҪ˵ʲôʮʦֵ
ʹ鷢ʱûдչֻվΧš
ˮõлˣʮʦ鷳ȴ̲סˣǰһ˵Ҫ˵ɫ˿ߣҲǣ
ŴѧʿûԤϵĿڣʮ
˼ʹŵ˵ǰѣˣҲǰɫ·ǲҲзݴɱǶҴʿ

11.1ʼ
û뵽ʹ˵仰
ͬû뵽˻ˮ
ߵķӦȻͬ
ʹǳԱ˳š
سȴһͬС
Ҷֵ붼, Ҫ˵ˣ
ŷϵʮ, ǵȥʱ
Ȼܵʹȥ

ʮ, Ļš
ڼʦ֮ǰ, ΪҪ, ͬ㱨, ȻҲͬԪ˵Լ֮ӡʵݡ
ôһ˵, Ԫ۾ϳˡ
СӸлǺѡ
Ȼ塣
ڹ, ʮôһ̬ΪԹߵ뷢ˡ
ʹ̹, ôͻȻʹҲûеһʱͷŭ
ʮʦ, ŵ, Լ͵ġ
װε˿׵õɫǴôһⰻȻɫ
˵, ǴϣҲ˿ߡ
Ŵѧʿԭͽ
ʮһڣ˿, ľ͵ͬԼ̬ȡ
뵽СʦǸлཻ꣬չ˲Űȹ, ѧʿҲǰһ
̹˵, ҵʦ˵⻰ֻ֮ԡղʮһֱ԰, ˶, ̩˵ƾһ˿߸ʿʶ֮ʵôһָ붨лӵⲻϽ
Ĵѧʿղ˵ʮͬ˵ķҲͬ
˿תĿ⣬˻ڵϵĴʿֵҪҪȰѵˣסʿոʶ֮ʶָܹЩ˵ӡǾֻҪָס
ѧʿļ仰˵עתƻڵϵĴʿϡ
ôһʣԭҪ̧͵ĵطȥƵҽǶûٶôš
̹ҲڴʿΣ֮ʣҪǰлеö
֣˵ҪʿƣҲܷš
̬ǿӲ粽á
ʮ㡪
ѧʿ̧һ˻ȥ
Ԫ۶Ҳͷۡ
ȻҪĻǾ͵ñɵлиѺ
ϵþˣ˾ʱѴʿˡ
ԪۿлУ
ԼվԭأӭŵĿⲻصûȻ±飬Ҳű¶Ȼỹһס
ˡվڳԪԵ²ΪѣнĶӹѺȵ֮йأлԸⵣΡ޹أҶί
˵̧ۣվ̹ͤҲưոݡ
áԪ۵ͷǾȰѺΡ
ŷԱߵͷǾͶѺлС
״һְСɰϣһ磡
лпĶҡҡͷջĿ⡣
ֻվԭأŸ类ЩѺߣʿӵϱ̧תƵȥ
ԭ綨Ҫĵˣһˣһ֣ҪѺ
˶ûԤϵķչ
ٿ̹лбѺȥ֮Ůȥ˳Щ
ǺлоǸԴʿֵˡ
ŵĺݻҲϡ
̹ԪۿڽȴʿؿڵĵƽԺڹʣµ飬˵ǲĵĻڴʿչˡ
̹һ˼͵ͷ˵á
лйϵе֮࣬мã
ڴʿҪȥε˺ǵȴ̫ҽǵҽ»ָѣָס
ֻ߼ŷҵµ
԰У޹˵ȥֻ³Ԫۡʹźͼسȥ˴ʿ֮š
Уҽȸʿ˵Ĳȫ׼ſʼε
Ԥϵһգͷ漸ҽڽΪʿֹѪ
ҽַʩ룬Ϊҩֹ֮סѪס
ֻʿԭôһƼأڰε֮ʱôѪɫ԰ֻһʱѲ
λҽΣһλⷿУŴʿӷг
ԵĳԪۣ£һ˳˿ڵѪҲֹסˣֻǴʿʲôʱѣ⻹Ҫĸ־
ҽĻ̹Զ⻰ȴʿʮ²ѣǻҪдʮ£
ԪתԺеˣԼЩس˵Ȼʿʱû£Ҿлȥɡ
ǣ浽ӣԪؿһۣϣܹס
лڼͬǵĸվѾͬŮһȥˡ
з飬ȶԸзȵ䶨֮ٻԻȥͬ˵
յķţٴ˽ս
˵ٰȪóעĿ
ҡͷҲ
ȪĻĴʿܺܿѹ
Ԫ۶̹˵ҲлȥϢ
ڴʿֱʹݷҲ
̹ڴл¡
ֶԼߵ˵￴Ŵʿ
Ӧǡ
ŷ׷ͬԪ۸ˣԺ˳ȥ
ʹŵǰ棬Ӻں档
Ԫ۸ŷͣԭأȥӰ
Ԫ̾һ̧öͷ
ŷ˵ģʱ䣬Ȼ
ڻʹıһʹһġ
һֶģ޼Ѱһ˶ˣµ˿ͻԽࡣ
Ԫ۷֣˵ǱҲ޵Ŀ͹ȥǺúôӡ
֣֪֮ͲһȥϢˣͤ˵źȲ裬ָҲͲ䵽ͷϡ

صУԼĳӸŮ˵ȻȥϢɣصģ㡣
ö˶ӦһŸת뿪ȻǴȥǵĸϢˡ
վԭأһʱûŲŲ
лڼվԣö˱⺮紵š
һ̧ͷͼ԰иߴľҶѾƣһʹǵͷ
лڼõС䣬治֪ô
һ˵꣬лڼͰյ̾Ϣһ֪ұͬһ𣬿һܵȥ֤˶Ҳ
˴Ļתͷ
ֻ翡µĵƻУдûбõܵܵİûڡ
ⲻǴĴ
̧֣ס˸ֱۣͬ˵
ԭǸıǳġ
ʹıƵڰ
޷ԤϵԷʲôȻҲûа취Ԥ
Ϊ֮ƣֻеȴ
ȹѼȴʿף
űĻлڼüӲ
Ƭ̣˵ԣҶΪֻܵȡ
ŴĻȴٴԼСɰװŵȪˮ
˵ǰﲻʲôæǶ˵ȴ
ΪˣŻԽľόǡ
Ӧһֱͬ𣬳ԼԺȥ
ҲصԺУʹӭԼСˣϢûдͷڸ˵
գԼԺ˯˹ȥ
Ϊⶼ˹˼
ٹգҪ뿪ˣҲûпرܲ
νԺǰ˵ԼߣڲҲԭ¡
ֻǸжЩŮ۰Щػ
˵ĸŮ֮侭Щãǰ˵κλﶼҪˣˣ̾Ϣ˵ɡ
֮󣬾ͺۿǰ¡
ǰ޵ŮٶĴ£ڵ˸ҲҪΪˡ
ˣ룬Լ֮ǰĸΣ̵һ
ֻǲͬ˵˼䣬ͻˡ
ŷͣ˻үôôŻ
˵ţ˿жأ
ǽյг̣ӦܻɫѾˡ
סҲվɫֱӦǷʲô¡
˹ַסӣ˵¡
ԣ˳£Ȼһү
ĿɨԭҪ뿪ȴ˵Ҳһ
ζһ٣ôˣӦǡ
ֿͬ˵жڹ붫ҵĴʿģĺĸ
Ϣʶ΢ЦⲻǺܺ𣿡ӱֵ죬Ϊʲôɫء
˵ڽյϯϣжȷʵâҫۣʿҲֵصĶ֣ٶһָ֣ʤǡ
ʲô
ϯ֮󣬴ʿȴڹ̣ؿһ
⻰ɫʱһףڹоȻᷢ£
뵽˿̵أɵץֱۣеʵжأжҲ𣿡
ţһҪʲô
û£жûˡ
˵Ǵʿڻ֮ʣָж֡жѺΣҪȴе飬ϴˢϵɣܽų
⻰΢΢ҡһ¡
̷ס
ãʵˣж£
ǣ֪£Ǵʿڻ֮ǰָϣжҵ̬ȣ϶˾Ҳûа취ֻȰѺΡ
үֱۣеصôжΣĵطǵĶ岻ãҪã
ҲɿڣǵĴʿжҪһֱ
ֻҪһ뵽Ǻεȵ䣬ˣ뵽ԼĶӱ棬;ú
ͬ˵ҪģȻ¡Ѿƣںú׼׼Ѷ͵棬жסһЩҪȵˮʯʱϴԩȴˡף˲̣ЩԵÿп࣬ΪˣⶼҪĥѣ룬Ҳ㣬µġ
ãá
ԭĻ֮󣬲Ž˾
ԣʲôûУھȥ׼á
һӦãһ֣ӷ˳ȥȻŵתĿ⣬ԵΡ
ҲǷʲô£Ե𾪶հס
˵㲻صģ类ݣѺУⲻӰ㼸պޡ
סλعҪΪԼֱǵȴ̧ٶԡ
ԭԼ˵ЩΪ԰ļ޵Ӹȥ
ͬ˵ʲô
ˣֻվ˵һŮˡʹ˳
ߵʱ򣬼ԺţǾȥ׼Ҫ͵ȥ
οƬ̣뿪
ǶԹģȻصԺУż£ɹ𻨵ɣ顣
ⶫŮŲĵףԺпȥһȻ
˹
ԺˣСѾǶڱæµֻɣڡ
ֱʵô£
ɣ̧ͷ̹Ȼϥϡ
μԼԼ˵ʲô£С˵ʲôȫˣҽղһֱͬСһڸ𣿡
λŹ֡
ֻ벻ףڸ̵ĵӦǶŷȥĲŶԣôһתͷǣ浽лϣ
Ȼ˵ⲻӰճޣ´޵ķʸ
ǵ˾Լǰȴ֪ʲô
ָоʵǺܲá
Ϣúܿ졣
лԨڻӪԭûдؼңǵԼĵָܱܵشɱҵĴʿѺΣ̾סˣʲô
ܸɱַһ𣬼ֱޱȵΥͣ
ZüʴϢڹ׷λˣ
˵ص£ŷˡ
ŷZüͷɿһЩٿлԨӪȥȻȫĲ¡
ͷӬһת˼Ȧ֮лԨZǰ˵Уҵûؼȥһ
ZͷáִһӸ
лԨֽסдŵġZ֡
Z˵ҵȥ
ȥΣҪôҪֳֳԪ۷ƣҪôҪŻӵƣܽ
ZԼƸлԨлԨȥлдҲZԼ
лԨϵƣֻǧ
ZûҪ嶯ʲô
Լ㷸룬Ҳһϵ
лԨж̧ͷ˵ֵܣ
ZµʱôµϵôԼĸϣͲ֪ҪЩ
ȻĻھͲǭZҲĹүˣ
-
ĺɫתϡ
ŷֶΣ԰԰̷ĹȫŲһ飬ҵһ
ȻǷִʿµС̫·Ĺвûߣδڸ֮ˣЩ˿УȴǸʱΣһ̫ڸֹ
Ҳ죬ֵܻӡ
ŷվ԰У紵԰еĲľ
ڵĹµӣʵҵûУ
ŷ˵ҵˡ
ŷ̵ߡ
תǰ棬ϵĶһīɫˣİƹâһת
ŷѸٸȥ
ҵֵ̫Ӧ̫ס߹ȥҪƬ̵ʱ䡣
ŷĹǽ£һȺ
ԶԶģͿǼƽŵƻ滹ڴֵ
̫಻ֵסеʱ򣬾ͻ͵͵ۼĲ
˵ĹܣԻưִ֮Խ¹нֹ˽¾۶Ҳûá
ߵǰŷЩ쳣
ӿŲյǰ̰γ˵ǰһš
һصýȱ߿סϢȭͷڡϵ˳һȻ˳
˵ûǮûǮûǮ㻹ģ
վΧ̫Ѿתͷˣһӹеļ˻ûв
Ѿ߿ǻڴߴǸһŵˡ
ʲôأһӵ룬Ⱥ̫ȫŸϵһԣ˼ݵǻʲô
󡭡ˣ
Ǽ˵̫ŷŷվ⣬ʱŵù˵ϣŷˣŷŷˣ
ŷվԭûԵŷţȥ̽Ǹڵһ̫ϢȻ̧ͷվ常˵ˡ

11.1ʼ
òҵôжˡ
ŷվ, ߶ʬ, 촽ý
ֻûһҵ˵ʱȹ, ס
ŷվڷ, Щ۶Ļ˵̫඼Ѻȥ
Ȼ, Ǹ̫ʬҲ̧ˡ
ԶԷĽһ, ֤ܻʹһ顣
ܹ˽ɱҵĴʿ, Ҳܹŷ鵽Ŀ֮ǰɱ, ÿȥ⡣
̫ǱѺԺľֻĶľ߸µΡ
ŷ常, ٴʱ·ߡ
ҹУԶ¹ŵĵڲסҡ, ŷԼ常, Ҫô
ַ·ھУ˿ճ޷ĸо, ʵ˱ꡣ
ŷƽصؼ
ͼĻ滹и£ҪôӦأ
˵ȥǸ̫ʬ, ȥ黹ûийϵˡ
ŷӦһǡȻʵ常أ
, ҪŷԼȥЩ, ŷԼбĴ㡣
ߵֲ·, ŷ뿴ǰͣ˽Ų, Ȼŷӷд˵ȥοһ
ɱڹеĿߣǸŷԾ档
ǶֶелҲһͷ
ŷȥһ

ʰһЩþߣʰֻ̫࣬ҪĴȥΡ
һѾŰվ
ϵ·ûлȻţ϶
ǰۿҶʰˡ
ְʰõİõǰ
мõҩ֪ܲͱȥֻʰ˺·׼ˮ
áͷͰѶ͸жü
˵ţӵ⴫лԨûнԺߵͽҵأأڲԺ
Ԩ

׵лԨ̴Ҵҵܽ
ϵļδǴӻӪϻġ
лԨһţʰõ׼ٴγŵֻ˵ģıѺ
һһӾ
ӵסӵļתͷԶ˵ܵܲ£ڵȥΰЩ͸
лԨ̵Ҹһȥ
ܾνأȥҲˣܵܡ
ֻһƣȻĻһȥӣġ
лԨȴ˵ܽȥ
һ˵ţһ߰Zǿ˳Ÿĸ˵ZƣҿԸһȥܡ
⡭
֪ԼĴӸĻǺѣҲ֪ȻϢϻĻȻҲ֪ģû뵽ZֱӰƸ
ԭΪһƣֻȥ㵣ҲûԼͬ
ڶôһƣҪһȥΣлˡ
ԨҪôӰѽεĻԼȥӣɻûڣŮͷһδڸʵҵأأǻ𣿡
һţһߴҴҵؽ
һżԼĵ綼ڷУ¶һı飬Ȼ˵ҪͶȥθ磿ҲҪȥ
лԨ¶ͷ۵ı飬ԣֻƿԳ룬ҪȥĻͲȥˡʲô˵ʲôҪתģֱӸ磬ȥ
ĵطĵܵܽȥģοñС
лԨֱ
У
⽹ףͬ˵кҪĶҪ磬ҪԽ
ǿˡҪԡ֣ŮɫͻȻһ
о綾ʱ򣬴ԼóȪ
ȪˮԽٶҲΰٲԴʿ˿ϣȻҲЧ
Ȼʱж˵Ȫֻһù֮ʣµĶ˿Ŵʦûжˣøã᲻һСȪڱأ
ǡԭʣǶԴ˲֪ӸӶԣȪϢ©ֻܰѻ˻ȥ
ȴĻƴصͷ
˶񣬲תӸӣ˵ԨƸңȥȰϵ·ˣȻڸеţȥܡ
״ӦĲŷ
ĺɰװƿȪ׼ȥΣС
һƿǸʲô⣬ǻԮ
ղŻصԺ֮˼ȥûףǶģǵĿʲôȴԤУԷһҪ֣ǿ϶ҪԼ綯֡
δѣա
ڵڶƿ֮лŷ
ñóȪǲҪܱ¶ǰǱҲгܹĶȴΪԼİΣһֱš
ֻУȪУԼȥ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪлԨһܺõķߡ
ԼеƵݸá
ӹƳдŵġZ֣Լ˵ĻӵƣҪСıܡ
˵ͷ
ĻʱԮ֣ȵγԺԼȻҪ취ر
ðZİæлԨһ΢Сĸо
ֻϣܺúðգҪ˷ԼĻᡣ
ȻڿȷŮȥǲһ⡣
οû£㿴Ԩȥ㻹³çأ˵뵽Щİ취жճ
ô˵ţǿ˵ͷ
պƣӹҪĶͬһٴγųεķȥ
ϣųֹͣҲ֪ڲͣǰܣ⻹ϣܹܵÿЩٿЩ
˿ֻиŮϣ۾Ůľӵʱ򿪿ʵߵҪǲȪˮ
Ťͷף˾һ˵ͷװȪСƿӴСɰ˳
ŮŵôСƿȪˮ
о綾˵ǽҩ֢˵Ǿĵݣ˻ԲѵĴʿ˵Ҳܹ
аصôãֻϣţȻ类ѺߵʱǲȪˮó
ŮʱĶ飬жӶһķӦȻŮͷ
Ŀ
ǼҵĺӣãҪȪбܣΪ˾ȸ磬Ҳԥٰó
ɡԱ˵ȵΣ磬ָ
šӦһȻֻСƿջԼСɰ
ŮСɰʲôУʱó壬ʱó˿ߣóȪ
ǳͬŵ٩Ǹ౦
ֻϣһΣСɰóıҲܹöӶɹѹء
-
طӶİ
ֻǼŸ˽ţ׵۾ֿ޵ô죬ܹ뵽εĿֲ
ˣ˵ˡԺ󣬱ǵûзɣһ¡
λվ˵ɡ
عŸǰ棬æվεǰ
Ǳܵ˵ĳ־ͷڷҡεĵԳɭ֮⣬͸ⶼ˿һ˿ů
سõãȴپ¡
Ҳ˿վڷҲɫࡣ
ڸͷߣվűߵûǡ
ڸŮ󣬸֮ͣҲ˹ǽȥ
εĵһǴ򿪵ģȴǶڵģƯһɸζ
ԼĽŲƺͨһ߽
Ÿߵ˺ڰУ˼֮󣬲żĵƻ
źһƺûʲô˿أֻһͷ׵ͷһ
ͷ΢΢ͣǰָɵش̡
˷֮УǸ͵˷ڱܵΣ̵ŶĹ졣
ŸףԭΪҪһ·û˹顣
ǲŮĵǣͷŮú¡
Ȼ˵ͷǰ
ǰһͣסŲָµҲͣ
Լĸ׽һԴˡⱻԴ˵̧ͷһ˫ۻǣ谵ĵƻ£ǿߺˡ
Ǳȴòϵһ
ͷź֣ŵ˹ǰϴˣһһԷ죬
ʱ򣬷÷ǳףڻ谵ĵƻ򿴵ʮ⡣
ȵ֮Ŷ˵үƾͽȥɣûƵľֻȡ
ĻǶԱǸͬǽ˵ģȡƵݵͷǰ˵СŮҪͬһȥҲơ
˵Žһ
ǰҲѧŸ׵ӣZǿƷϣԴˡ
ƣ̧ͷϸϸȷһס
Щġ
룬ǲԼZƣͲܽȥ
λԴ˿Ƭ̣ǿŰ˻˵ȥɡ
ŷ˵ллԴˡͰϵջ˻УŸһһһúȥ
һú󣬵ƾת¡
խ̨תУߵǽҲóʪ
ǽϣ̦ϲϲʪĳˮδǽ
ЩשʯϣиָĻۡ
·ǱѺķˣָġ
˿ëȻ
ȥĵˮоͽ
ܾ˳ʮ֮֮һֱƽȣЩӵ´İ֪ھеξȻôط
ߵŮݹһֻ֣
ַ˸׵ǰߣеӸĴů⣬΢ɢ䡣
ǽǽû˿أǵߵ̨׾ͷٿطļΣʹǵ鿴ͬԺĺС񣬷·ЩûиĻŵЩ̾մѪͱȺСҪصöࡣ
Ǳ
һ֪ǱѺһη
Ÿôˣִ˽Ų
վ̨׼׵ĵطתͷŻҡҷĽȥһӰӱͶǽϡ
Ų߽ҷص˫ѥҰУ̧ͷˣŷ
վ̨Ϸ˵Ŀڰ
ŷǶ⡣
⿴ǸǰԴҲߡ
ǰûεϴŸԺĹԱϢΪҲǴӼԺС
һжھϵͳﵥתԼһ򣬲Ϊ˵ʩѹ׸ı䡣
ŷ̨£ͬһкү
ŷˡ
Ҳͬ˵ͷ
ŷϴŵڻŵ͵ĹâղűЩϷġ
űһ̧֣˵롣
ǰ棬Ǻ档
߳˸ףŷλԴڣΧҲûôˡ
ŷηߡ
леĹѺ֮ŵģЩͷηԶҲ徲һЩ
ŴԴЩŷ˶ڴ֣
ŷҸʹ죡Ҹʹ찡
ŷ˵޳֮ͽƾʲôҹ
Щŭģżĵģŷˣŷˣҳȥʲô˵ʲô˵
ŷЩġޡ֮У·ȫ
Ҳȥη֮еǺε׶񡢺εȿֲֻרעڸ׸ŷĶԻС
һߣһڽ̸
ҲͬŷһȫЩ˵Ӱ졣
йŵĶǽ֮ˣ죬ȵȥһڵϵѪˮһ壬Ҳʲôûˡ
ŷڹǹв鵽ʲô
ŷûСûǰҵǸֻ̫࣬˵ӱѺҲһʱˣҵµ̫³͹
Ȼ̫˾棬֪ԷҲел֣ŷлǾҪҵ취ɱһˣǺѵġ
ԽȥЩԽں档
ͨľͷǼŵƻη۾̲ס
Ѻ֮ͱԹԶ˵ηелĽŲ̧۾
ǰĸ׸ŷʱķӦƽģǵȿŵıʱлоһվ
ô
ôܴӦ
ӿ˽ŲԽǰĸ׸ŷ˵ʵդǰ
⡪վԭأҪԼôˣǱƳǸOO@@ѸٵĺӰʱʹһСģ
˵ʱʱ죬лҪܿӰʱһĹҲӱɹդ϶˽ȥȻ󡰶һǸӰ˵ϡ
һֻƵЫӣڱĳ붤ڵԺ󣬻צضһ
ڱŷĿط֡

11.1ʼ
ԱһԿ׵죬תͷһ, λŷԴóԿס
Կײ֮, Ѹٵؿš
֨ѽһ, ⿴Լĸ, Ҫȥץ硪
ҪȷϸǷȻ, ŷȴһֽ̧˻
ⱻһ, ɵתͷ
ʱ, Ҳ˲ԼŮ֮Ů, ֻŷ˵ȥ
Ǳ֮ġ
ʮǰŷ常Լ๤, ·޹
ԭÿһηǽڶǻҡ
, ηη֮ǽȴֻͨשʯ
ʱ, Ժոھ̽һŷԺڳȫ˵˾, ͵ұ֮˸֣εĵÿһǽ˸שʯ
ŷոһɳȥЫӶڵ, Żᷢһ졣
޵˿Ϸ죬ķûа취, ҲͨղǵֶĽĵط
ҪԱел, ȻЧİ취
ֻЫ, Ҫ׼л, ȻΪϴЫӵҩۡ
ҪóȻȥҲմȾϡ
ŷס
ŮֱУ׾ȫȦס
ͬŷŷſ֡
ûпķӦֻǾԿлУʵӿˣ
лҡҡͷûС
ոֻƵЫӣʯ֮ѾϳɫЫӵ
Ҫǽľ綾֮ﶣһڣǾѾȡ
Һñˣ۾ļ⣬һ۾ͿֻҪĶ档
Եлеɫš
⣬ůɫ˵û¡˵֮󣬲תף˵øű⣬һ
ηͷĶҲ
Ϊ׵ͳ˹ηŴ򿪣Ҳ汻ľ綾Ы˵ɫһ䡣
ڼͭǽڣһֻӷɽҲǵ۾ȴûֻġ
ڵϹŷ˵ְʧְˡ

ŷ˵ʵүеİлϴ
æС
ŷԸվĶ˵Ƕ̴лȥԡȫˣ߹ĵطۻƷۡ
˽ллµյΪ˱Ķ棬ҪۻƷۣȴһʱӦ
·յɻŷٴͬ˵ѱݶһƷֺϷڷųĲ嶾֮һûɱĿ꣬Ȼж
ڳһƷ֣жƵһ˿ɫ
һƷ֯Ѿҷˣô
ŷ˵ĻûдȻ˵һƷҸȼǴ֣ܳǾġ
Ыֻôһֻȴ֪жĿ
δ̵ҲζǴĶͷϮ˵ĻҲһӲȥ
ʶжϾ˶ͷȥԼҪ¡
סҪһ뿪ȥԡµĶӣ˵Ҹһȥ
öȥģϾԡµʱ׷ɷ
ϻſŴʦƵĽⶾ嶾֮ʣµĸܵϮҲʱסһ
⿴Ÿ׶Ը˵֮תͷԼ˵Ҿŷһ𡣡һ˵ţһԼСɰġ
֪ͬԼ˵ĻϧȪóãǰģȻߵ˶ߣ˵߰ɡ
Ӷ˴εͨ߹ǹǰηеķǿлбѺģѺ˲Ҫȥ
ۺ
ʮ˵դǰϵصûǰդе
ôܳȥδн޳ôܳȥ
ǲϵлУȴϵ׷״դ֣Ҫȥץ·
л⣡Ϸȥ
ߣ
ǵĺУֻǳȥܿߵͨͷ̨֮ϡ
תۣ˵½Ǿʧ˽תǴЩͽ͵ץסǵͣڰգʲôץס
ηͷ⿴ŷһ򿪵ż˽ȥ
һţ滹ҩ۲࣬ȥ̫Σգֻסŷˡ
ŷվηתͷ˫ͬˮ˿ûƽյᣬһ˫ӳŻ⣬ȴס
̧֣ʳָڴϣҪ
վԭأ죬Իȡһ͸ģ֪ʲô֯ɵ״ϡ
ȻǱڵϵĽЫǰְγǸϵ롣
ŴȥضƳɵĵϣ֮󣬱⿴ĹâȻ˾綾
ŷԻȡһҩƿοƿҩ۵Ыϡ
ܿ죬ͿֻЫӵʬڵƾȼ˲ͽֻЫӶճ˻ҽ
ڻٵֻЫӵʬ֮ȷ춯Ŵ˳
ЩȥȡۻƷ۵һʱ̻ûлԴڴη֮ҲȡԿף»صλء
˳Ҵͷͻ˷ߣֱӳ
εߵͷֻʣ˱ŷˡ
ЩͣЪˣȻ֪еٴҲܴȥʱͣȥ
õȼյ
ǰԼǲǺΪʲôƫҪˣ
˵ǿ϶ǼٵģеԼڻ
ȻⲻӽʱѾԼʧȥԼҪʧȥȫͬĸо
ŷ˵£Ҹڡ
űһҲѼӲ̹ϵЩĻش𣬳һü
һ̣ͼվǰŮСɰͣȡСƿӵݵԼǰ
ʲô
ŷǵһμСɰͶˡ
ûժϵףֱ֡
ͬ˿˸ŽâУָԵԽ޳
СƿӷŵŷУ˵ҽҵһ磬װŵȪˮЧ
˵ʱŷѾοƿӵƿƿӴյǶᡣ
ųҩģ˵ЧȪˮȴֻͨˮζ
֪ҪȪˮݽȻҪһЩ顣
ԭҪǰȪˮóǲãȲˡ
һ˵ҹȪҲ֪ĵز֪һˣϴ˿ڣ˿ڵڶܹϣһ缲Ȫϡ˺ȥܹΣһо綾ȪˮҲܹ
ҡҷĻУŮϵɫ档
˵һ仰ʱŷ۾˵һʱ̬Ѿ֣ͬ
ԼŵƿӣСƿȪˮ˵棬Ǽֱ˶ı
⿴ƿ˻ȥӵΪȪˮźõģ
˵ԡ
ϵĺҲΪȪˮûٸ
ԡ
̧ͷϴˡûҵⶾķҲ¡
ԡһ˲ǵͷǼ»Ƿǳлŷ㡪
ŷȪĴڣ֮⻹˭֪
ֻǡҴҵ˵㣬硢ҵŴʦ֪
ŷ۾ԼӰСûиүүүүڻΪĲǿŴʦκõģҲǿŴʦκõġ
֪Ȫˣմʿ̻ԣԭͤǰȪˮóֹҡ
ŷȪˮĴڸԼǲ֪ǹ棬ǹԼ
˵ܹڹнϣ˰ȪʿһϡΪϴ˿ڣһϡҩι£ܾϴˢԩ
ԴʿƷУ֮Ȼ˵࣬ǴҲὫͱյλá
ŷƿȪˮȻƿӿȥСǰ棬ҪôʿһƿѾ´ࡣ
ˣԱ˵ˣҪѹһƿҲ͹ˣһƿҪʲô
ԭһƿʿһƿģֱм价ڣȪˮŷҲȻȻظı˵ǡ
˵һƿǸʿģһƿǸġ
׹ռȪ󣬵Щӵڳ
ŷһˣôһСƿȪҲûʲô
˵ʱǷģʮϣ˿žͲỳġ
ŷӭĿ⣬ԺвȻ뵽Լǰ˵ǰŮͬ˲ͬԼҲͬ˲һ
常飬常òһ£Ҳüԭ򡣡
Լƺ͸ż˼
֪ʲôֻվԭصȴľ
Ƭ̣ڿͨͷٴγӰʱŷеСƿӣԱ˵õ֪Ȫ£һ
Ļ¶ϲɫ˵ͷ
ܿ죬ĽŲǸոȥۻƷۻˡ
˽ηеۻƷηһȦ
ۻƵζЩ̱ǣ̲סֵ̧˿ڱ֮ǰŷ˵վԶһ㡣
ηлдʱ䣬ϴŵҩҲմȾõǣۻƷ۸Ķࡣȵ֮ŴֽۻƷͨһ飬һֱΧ
Щηеķ˼ǵĶ֪ЩɶҪʲô
ҲûʲôֻǴη￴Ķ
ܿ죬ۻƷۣһ·лҲܿһˡ
ۻƷۣǰͰȫࡣ
ŷţηתһȦҲûмڶֻ
Ҳ嶾ûдһ
ӻԾͣ˵˽Ĵ㡣
ûк£ξȫҲεĵط
Ҫлȥ·һдϣŷڹмʲôˣ뿪Ƕʱȥ
ʱǰ϶лжԴʿµ֣лһֱųĬϴų˼ɫȻڵʱҲʲô÷ѽ¡
ŷ˵ʱұҪϢԺȥߵ;ԺжǾ߹ȥ˿
ȺԺжȥ
̲סʵ磬ʲô
леè
֮һֻè
ΪڸʱѩһڹмһֻѩôèлҲԱ߶úõظֻèһ
Ȼ԰еĶ
˻ҵԺҲ԰ߣߵһǼλˣͬһ˻
մȾҩۣȻʱմϵġ
ŶӵĻɫмء
л˵ԺſڵжУЩһֱǰ֣֪ϲèᱻСȥ˲ࡣ
һ˵ʶ
԰ǳϦദܹڸճΪֹϲõˣôȷĲһҽǵ塣
гֵèĶ
磬˷ֵĻҲǾ쳣
ŷصһƷĴǲ͸˻ʹУҲǵİ׮
ʲô
һĻ˸ͻ
µĵطˣȻһֱĲڸУ
ƽʲôһ˫۾ڰţз鶼ȥһط
ôˣܽгֵľкüʮһƷµ߻˭
ţ˼ٴλصǰ
ʱˤȣþ
Ϯ֮󣬰˲£ãա
һ겻񣬵󡪡أ
ⲻ֪𰸡
ֻԹԼϱ̫磬ûпܳǸĽ֡
ǰվŵˡĸףŷǱܵ
һϵ֮ӢţŷĽҲ֪Ρ
ûڣܡ
վԭس
ԭΪԼлֻܹΪ׹ǣǹǿҵĲʡ
ľľԼָ
ȴ֣ԼҪҪļ˺úһҪıĲԼˡ
ԭΪԼܲصúܺã˼ε⣬û˻֪ϻȪ
¿ܡҲûĲصôΡ
˼˻Լĸ׳˵һн͵ĶһƷǵĳ޾ǳŶһȥģҪԸʹŵˣԴǴܸ֮ĹϵΪֻ˶ҵĴʿȴûһ̹֣
ҵĴʿλٳȻҲȲһŹŵĻŮ
ǶѾϧ¶ԼڱܵټǾӦиĶСС֡
ŷصһɢɳĻȻͻôµ˳ˡҲʹ֮ͽĹǵҪʲôǾͻʲô
ʹݡ
ƻͨԺ̹ڵڷһμǵˡ
ڵķչȫƿأ̲סڵ磬㾿Ҫʲô

ãҶֻˣý޵ġ

11.1ʼ
ɣȥȡһлϵȴûаȡĶ̵ʱ, Ѿ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ڶ, ˶, ܹɴ, ԲܴӸʵôŮӱ, ΪΨӵйƺŵĻŮ, ȴ֪, Լı, ԼЩıȫϲ̨档
ıѲˡ
ͬһ𳤴󣬺ܶʱ, 󣬻Լ׿˵, ̶֪Ϊʲô
Ԥ˼ı, ս漣֮󣬾ͱøѲ⡣
ڻʹ, ʿ̣ЩšЩ𾪲ȫǼٵġ
ܿʶԼҲ˱ƻеһ
еķӦΪ, ȫڵԤС
Ԥִ̻ᷢʿŵ˿ߣҲԤ̽˿߸˵ϵһ, ìͷָлС
ֻǼһ֮, ˳ȥ, ֮, ҲȻԻ󲻽⡣
ǵĿѵŷҪԸĻҲӦǶԸҪֲǣͱڴʿؿڵһһ֮ǰһֱԵӣʲô壿
һصʹݣʹҴԼסԺӡ
һȻ
ǰļǰΪԼء
һΣҲȵ̫ˡ
̵ʻڴ̧ͷ˵ٵһȣܿнˡ
죬⻰Ҫʹ֮йҹ
⵱Ȼû⣬ⷿҲд齣˿Էֿ˯ڿȥڵʲôȲͲ˯
ûкô
ǰȰɴȥϢһ۾Ϳе鱾ӳ£ֻݷĺɫ֩롣
ֻһ룬ϳ綾֩롣
ܵв̵ڴ
ֱذ죬ֻ֩롣
һƷĶ棬֪ȥ˵ҪڣȴҴֻԼ֮ᾪֻڹѸ
ôˣ
Ǻ죬ҳҪˣܿҪһҳ
ѾԤˣֻҪһֻ֩ͻᡪ
磡̲ԥһְ̧˷ӣڿʱ˵㲻Ҫ
һ˵ţһ߶Ѹٵ߹Ҫϵӽֻ֩붤ϡ
ߵǰ׼ˣҪְ̧ȥʱǰȴ֣صס
ϴһᾢȥһЮŵ
⧲еһ飬ָɵþɿˡ
ֻεڵϣһ죬ֻݷֱߵĺڹѸȴûΪȻ·ֻһ걾
ڷ֡
̲֪ô£Ҳŷ֣ĿȻɵֻͣڹѸϡ
嶾ͨͬʱ֣ţĿ⳯ȥȻôĸҲӦöˡ
ԼķĶ֪е޷ġ
ŻʳԼ⣬ڹǷ񻹲ˣôͽȥģڱôһ˼ȫˡ
һָ̣û
ûûʲôɣ˶У·ҲֻڷĹڿ֮ʱ¡
ɾֻôֻݷĺڹѸǽյźһڵָȥȻûС
һУһĻ𺳵˱˫
ǶһҴӰѪһƷ󶾳棬ھȻѱϣ
ĵξҲûεĻ棡
Ȼԭأڷ飬ȥΪֻڵϵķΣȻվΪ˷䣬վԵͷⷢεĽǶȣֱ˲ŷ֣ˣǲˣûҵǲ˺㡣
Ȼֱ
̾һǰ˿ص£˸֮ľ롣
Ȼȵ˿֮̾ǻع˲ٽӲ
ŵؿĻ˵һҲ˵
񡣡ûбķӦʹȻº͵ض˵ΪҲһֱûиǡ
صˣûһǸڵλϣ³һƷﻹɣһճװŶ꣬޵˼䣿
̲ǰ
ŸԼСһ𳤴ıкվʤеĿ־壬ߵԣЩ¶Ժ
ڴκ˵սһ˻ġ
£СʱҾȫû˾սϣҲӰ
˵ţجĵʱиֳͬһã
ǶҵսǶҵĶ룬·ԶҲᵹµĴ󽫾ȻȻǶȥĳʤ֮ҲⳡսС
֮ôָúȥδӣ
жͬ뷨
ڶҷ⾳صʱǰ˻ˡ
ȻŻˣȴûһ֪
ʱûиΪ̵֣Ϣ̱ܱڴҽУؿ΢ҪûϢȻš
૵صʦ˵˻žͺãɽڣûա
ʱҲģ֮ǿڴҽҽ½غתָʶܹԼܹԼ´ߡ
ǧٿףȥǱ޸ˡ
Ҳ˳ţ׷⾳ʼϢ
ԭΪһƷԺǶһͷǧӰɢȥǾܹŸůֵǨƣǧֻһֱ˵ı߽ϱߺơ
û뵽ǵսȴǰ˸ǽֵϣֻֻܲʵطչĴһųһţԼ⬼棬ȫ
ǵڲΪ֮޾Ķ
±ʱ裬˽ΣԼԹ˲ϾҪȥ̲ռ˷صĹҡ
ǣ̿ڲƵľѪǿµ;һƷӰһʱ鶯ĽҲµϣֻҪȴֻҪ͹⺮Ǿлܹһͳܹлȥ±ܣ롣
ǣٿǰˡ
Щ˯ĺЩȴ︴ľȻңǸ˵جΡ
̲֪м便ʲô¡
ǴԵ֮˶ĸı
ڹ֮еĸ磬ξͻѪȵġ׵ĺڰ
ӭĿ⣬ڿڵ컹Щʱ䣬ҿԸ˵һ˵Щ¡
ųȥĽЫѾɱŷע⣬ǲٰлУº滹бĶܿͻתƵʹȥ
룬лǼĻʱζóˡ
ϾЩһȥĻľͲֻһˣߵ˶Σա
ֻҪţŻʹǱߴݹʿָѵϢͿȷеĲ²⡣
̻ڵԼսϻŻԺ󾿾ʲô£ڳƬ̣¸ô˵
̿չü̧Լʹҿҵĸ׸ͬһԭӦûս˰㣬׷սսϣֻһûиһ˵ɡ
Ǹսڻصʬ塢ȾѪȻĿģʬɽѪһͷǾԼôš
ǿĹ£սϲӦóֵĸֽ£ǾþɳҾҲͬɾ
ϵ׶ѾˣÿһһѪϵ˿ӿΪھ̫ʹ࣬Է֪ʹǴĸλġ
صʬѰҡ
ҾǲսսжڵϼЩֻ˵ʬ嶼ЩӵģֶϽŻ嶼гΡεĲԼͬۡ
ھУǿٽ󣬽ʮ˰յֳͬ
ҧסһ
ʬɽѪѰ˺ܾãûҵһڣͺ˼˵սջľֻһ
ʬҵ˧죬Щ۵ʬаǳԼ׵ʬ壬׵ʱȻάŶصվˣ˫ĿԲźسڵķ򣬷·޾ľŭִ޾ź
ھֻôٲЩءЩóеĸ֣ȴ֧ӶöҴӽ֮ûҾһ֧
Լ׵ʬ壬ϵļһ𻯳
ƽʱܹѴ׵ĸ׿𣬿Լˣ֪ܹȼնãʬ꽫ֻŸ׵壬һһߡ
ǰȻźأҲҪѸ״ȥĵطЩۣ֪ͬԼһ֮󣬻ûٻǴȥ
Ҳһֻܹ֧ѸױؿڣȻҪÿһѪһųȥɢ
ɳۣȾѪս졣
ǶսĶӣ֧ٽ
Ժĸ׾ûд̣ѧ·ʼھӪи
˶Լֶܵܣнݡ
ǰԼѵûʲôиߴĸǰ浲ţҲЩ۰常ֳΪն㹻ʱͿռ䣬ܹԿҾġ
ѪĶͷҧ֪ѪӵľԼĺԼᡣ
Ψһ֪ľǣٶѪٶᣬѾı䲻ʵûʱѵԼҲûһ֧ٵ
ҰģΧ͹Ӱȥϸ׵ڱԽԽء
ǹǦҪǰһѡ
˻Ƶ𣬡ٵȵȣǾҪ߳ȥˡ
ѪضǰеسǸߡ
֪˶ã֪뺯صĳѾ˶ٲ߳ˡ
ڱҲȫɢ
ⱳŸʬǰȥصˤڵϡ
ʶ֮ʣֻ
룬Ԯǵˣ
ɲǰ߻Ǻߣڲų֣ս塣
ͷ޾ĺڰק·ȥϵЩʹ·һȥȻ˼ϢˣҪߣĸ׺ͬһĵطȥⳡսһˣĳ裬µĳء
һʮ˵ȻõĽѡ
Ǵͽҩȴ˵ǿнƬޱߵĺڰг˻
ֻеԼһУ͹ûһڼءʹ
һʱһܵҲǻŵʹ࣬ԲŻش޳
ʹǻŵ֤
˵ҾȻľһƷĸ
ܼԺһƷ
֯ĿĶһģΪΪһתڡ
ֻǱܵļԺһֱ£Ȩϵͳ֮⣬ڵһƷȴڱԺ󽥽ԭĹ켣
۾ǰһƷĴΪ˸ңصϢռļȨͳΣǲ֪ʲôʱһƷȴΪ˶һҵӳ͢ﳹ׷˳ȥڻ֮ϡ
ΪڶͷӴӰ
Ϊ̸̫꣬ڣҪٽεĴڳ׻Ѿʮѵ顣
һ߱ȴ˵ƿأҪ˾Ӧ׳ʿڿ̣˵ɫʵѪԶһңǵڶһеĶȻҲҪɻѪȥ
Цһ˵˵ЦһƷ˻ҵƿ֮󣬾ȻĴͳջҵѪȥǵһθѡ
뽫˫Ϊ飬е˫ӣȻҪһɱһ
һҵ˫ȴԵԺһһͽһƷһһڰ񶫵һҸһƷ󣬺ǰߵӰӡ
һεĸһλӣһҽעͶ۵ĺϡ
Ƕ˫֮ӦǵѪҲĸĸҵ
Ȼأ
̲סʣû뵽Լһ¡
´һʼĲңǣ浽һһƷ֮ԶԶ
ڶһǣǶĶˡ
ͽȥĺһҲûǹԼʹûԼֵܣҲûǹԼĸĸһΪһƷĸ
ҪɱһƷȻֻдڲʼ߽ܹ
ͽȥĺڳˣһƷĸֹ֮꣬ųɹһ׽̾ڶһҵĲϵĶ߸Ūˡ
֯ĵĴѾϴɾʣµֻһЩеġԱõĲֻ֡һһƷҲԪˣԭںصһսУһƷӦѼ鱨ΪҾȷǰ·ûгԽ
УôһƷĸҲս
Ǹͨ˵֮һƷĶ׳Լȴնͷ֮֮С
ܣܵļԺոո¶ͷǵŷǴôһʱƬս͹˲óǿ;ĸ֣Ĵ֮ӲؽǶҵս֧Զ
Ǹʱʮ꣬ŷҲʮꡣ
˭֪ǱܼԺһƷ֮ĶԹŷ常ȥ֮常²û뵽ζŶתԺ֮
֪Ϊαŷ
ԭΪֻΪŷԺȥԺҾ˿㣬Ҫŷˣû뵽һսܾȻǳŷֱʡ
̡Ǹʱ˵˶˵ޣܴԨĶʺϴнӹһƷ°ɶҵһΪҾ˵㣬ܾ𣿡


˵Ա˻ˣһ
µҲЩѪ
ǰ10020ǽ˰òô࣬Ϣ

11.1ʼ

롣
Լλϣ˾ʧ, ֧ӴڹĺۼҪڶϱĨȥ, Լոմӵ, һ, ҲὫڰԨ֦, 
ġռѵصͷ, ˵, һܡ
ڶչ¶һЦݡ
ȻݱƤ.ڵ, ̿еҲЦʵ, ǲһЦ͸֪仹˶İο
һ˲Щǻɬ
ô᲻أֻҪǱ罫¸, 龳֮, Ҳᶮġ
ȴѡ˵ѡԼԭǸҲźһս, ԶʬɽѪ
ǰٽ賾ڴӦΪһƷθʱѾˡ
ڸˣǰֻһ޵ѡ
̵֪, ԼͬһɳԺ¹һԶɾ, Զɫ
Ҳ֪, Ů, Լľһѡ
ʵ, ֻԼ֪Ҫһ߶˵ôѵ¡
սµҾҲޱȸͣ󿪴ϣ䣬ȴԼĸײƣҾе˱ٽҪǵս
ıϲıơ
ĶԾȻȡʤиݵķΪʲôȥأ
СȥִһЩʱǹںȫ»ڡ
·ڱֵʱݺݵѵ
ʱԼҪ·񣬿ڣһߴʤλϣȴԸ÷һȡٴνѵԼ
ڶ˵Щ£ͬ˵Щı㣬ѱЩ˵ˮڹУȴʺ㲻ҪǰҵɴǰǸ賾һΣҲҼƻеһ㲻ң̡
ڷŮ΢΢ҧ촽
֪ǰǹҪô˵ģϣҪߵ̫
һƷΣɺִƣڶȻ־壬Ϊ̲Ӧø̫ǣ
û˵ԳĬʾԼ̬ȡ
֪Ҳġ
ԣҲڰΪױΪںصͬ۱
Ҳߡ
򲻻˴ǰĿڵڡ
Լ˵ЩȻ˲ԶԼ̾һ
Լ˵Ļ
ҹǻһЩʱҪȣԼһƷ֮ʲô飬ܸĶ
£һƷĲв
Ϊ˫۾Ѫͳû⵽ЩвĿܣΪ£ǰɱǸһƷķѵǰθõӵ
ĹҲǻ˺ЩŽɢЩռ˻
ȥİǱúܺãıسߺͻʹУǵˣո֮󣬾һʹ
ʿʵ
⣬ڻʹлˣ֡
ˣеɻõ˽𡪡
˴ʿȴûɱģһƷڱܻʹеİ׮ˣ˿Ҳڴʿеġ
ʵ磬һƷĸԭλأ
ȻԷǻӣƿһƷôʱ䣬Žֻߵȥˣ±˿ǶһѱĹߣǰ㣬ӦĻ߻ʲ
ǶҵĹĽΣ
ⲻɢһƷöͷûƵ˵ľ⣬Ҳ֪ԼıΪһƷĸ֮󣬵ȵһнֻΡ
·𿴴˼Ҳûǰθȥ
ӽһƷΪһƷֵܵıҲûý̵ѡǵʧʮλ֮ӱΪ̫ӣ˻
Ļͷһ
ţǰ˵˵ľǽϣĸʡ
ϸǡ
塣˵ȥһֻüҾȻΪ˲һƷҽһ֣Ҿ˻Ȼֽ˴ˣ̻һгΪܼԺҪ֪Ķ
ݸһУ㸸ʶ֪ġҵ֮ԭ뿪һƷػػңΪһ֮֮ϵү˵ЩһƷ֤ϵЩѾ֤ù࣬ЩҲù࣬УȨҲûʲôȤ
ټһӵĶѾˣ뿪һƷ֮󣬾ڽû֪Ҳû֪ڻݣס
˵Ψһһ뿪λãܹ°ȵˡ
Ļеһ
ͺãڸ֮󣬱ҲԼĻһλãȥѰطٹ£кôøá
ţһ⣺һαΪʲôҪлж֣
ʮְֻõȼյѾǻԼﱻѱĶ档
ЩӾһƷһֻҪٿǵǲ˺ı磬ôǶ˵Ͳǰǰ¡
ոʱûлش
һΣȴûٻرˡ
ʱĻκԺ뿪һƷ󣬿ҵ̫أҽ֣þһƷҲǿڵľλά״̬ٽһҾֻ书ϡ
Ϊ߲ɣ̹ĸ׷棬ʱػ
ǰ𣬳صһӾӣڵһƷ˵Ҳãõʱ䲻̫ˣܹҵ˵еĶ飬ҵƲгĻᡣ
飿
֣˵κڵ࣬оŵǰ
ŴҽѧϰҽŬڲ鷢ִҴҵؽʹŵǧҲΪ˱ס
ֻ֣Լ˵ƺ̫ԶˣǼ֮·һ޷ĥС
ڵתĿ⿴ǵСʱĸ׸ǽǸ𣿡
̵ĸڵĹùãţȴʮᡣ
СʱʱǱҹԺгͬǽһЩϡȤĹ¡
̣񡪡
⿪ͷһ̾ˣӵΪҵ
Ϊҵ
УʷʧϣƯա
ҹȻƽ˾죬Ŀǰ·й⣬Ϊ½ء
һ鸡ˮ֮ϣΧˮϣâȡ֮
ȵ飬״ɢڴͷ޷Уƽأֱϡ
ִ飬˳;
ְ꣬գڴڣ顣
˵еıǵõľôһ¡
ѰⶨΣܹںڰзâںϲ³ܱƽǶڵʲôأ
ڵֲʮ֮һһƷ伮أˮвˮɽٶΰٲȪ˿ϣ˿ڲһվȫϡ
ԭΪǰθ˵ֻһ˵ǸһϣŰˣǵ֪ܲⶨ鲢翡
սܵˣ˫ʧȥֻ֪ϣŴʦʥ֣뾡취ô궼ûɫôȻվˣ
һõ˵ܹ׹ǵôǼͬһߣһڴʿսʱӭս̫ǧһˣ
⻰еĹâȻΪԼıܹлȬˣҲȻһֵǣϣԽʧԽ
ʵֻǿŴʦҽãײҵָķأ
ڿº͵صɻǵãΪʲôܵģ
̵ǵãΪ㲡ء
ڵͷʱҵĲգǿŴʦһƿҩŽҵĲȶˣƿҩ֮ҸеԼЩ˶ľһǶ飬»ʲôܹþ
лҲһ˵ǾѣԲŲߡ
ڵõı֮κԼҲκ˻ϣСʱ򣬾ö顣
ҲǴ֮öȪ˿ŴʦΪл
ŴʦȪƳ˵ĵҩ͸ңⵤҩЧ֮Ҳȷ֮
һֱڿŴʦϵĻóˡ
Ϊһҽߣ֣Ҳֻһϡ
Ҫϵʱó˵ֻбȪӵˡ
ڵȻʵҲȫ϶лϣ֮Ǿͻ֪ˡ
ΪҪϴԼɣҲΪҪһƷĹ±ߵˣлбҪٽó
˵Ҫľֻǵȴ
ŴӱܵĻʹﴫϢŴʿȷ͵ϡ

Уŷ˵Ϣ˶
̵Ҫ
ŷͷԭһƷԵֻǼԺλεĸĿƺҲһֱңνѣҲûԤϵ
ʶصɽµʱҲǡ
ɽ³ʱŷ˴ɱЩҲһƷɱ
ЩһֱΣ֮Уһع
лбԼеĲ²ⱻӡ֤ЩһƷ˲޵ķʸ˿õĻɵתͷɽ£
ɽ»һƷˣһʱ͸ŷʶ
Щǡ⻹ûشŷͶ˵һ˿ǴɱĹ׾һƷԶڿһƷθҲǧ˿ƵĹϵ
Ա˵꣬תھͽ
˵ġǡֻлС
ʶûԼķݣæҲҪȥ
ŷĿԱһƳ̫ˣüԺȥ
һƷĿΪȪⱦǱ⡣
ΪʲôȻΪл֮ǰıΪȪߣеìͷϡ
Ǹø磬ҪʱҲȥĻҪǰЩŬ׷ˡ
һƷյϢԽ٣˵ԽŷܽϢĲԳƣлԾ֣һƷ󰲲ڱܵĶһذ.
֪ȪԼĶӣŮģŷ˵ġۡлмɻ󣬲ȴûпڷ
ҪζԸһƷ󣬼Ժ˽ģԺŷмңİŲ
죬ҲԼΪʲô͵ҪΣյľء
ȪóʿܿͻѣһƷҲ֤ǵĲ²⣬һǾҪжԸˡ
ţ˸硣
лҲһֱڿ
ŷ˵ԵʱлоѾʶ֪Ȫˡ
ǰðȪóΪ˲Ҫ¶
ɽܻǶһ֪
µҪƾҲûбİ취ˡ
л֪ŷ϶к֣ԼѾھˣֻѡĬѱⱣ
û׷ֻԵǵ˵ؼȥʲô¶Ҫúõػ
̶֮󣬼̷ֳ·
лгνŷԵԼ
ûͬһΪ˷һƷٴζִɱ۵ӡ
˼Ժĳ
ԺƵģͿźɫĲϣҹɫУȫСıϼŸְ壬ͨҪ࣬ҲҪƥ
һͼѾһˣϴ֣ϱһѽ
Ϊ˰Ĵ磬Աûŵ̾ͲµŷԼӰ
˶٣ĬӰ˵ͷȻλϡ
̾Ͷλ
Ƭ̣ǰŵӰƵġ·ܾû˵ɤӶԼ˵ǴӰ
⻰Ӧڱ˲䣬ŵȻ˭⣬͸ûش
̩֮ȴ˾ռߣֻһ£òس˵ͷǱȥԼԼˣӰֻԱš
⡰һ̧ͷ֪лл㡣
һ˵һ룬˻ƣȻרҵӰһֱڰµĲͬ˵
֮£ߵİ᰾ȫˣһǲרҵ˵ġ
֮󣬾Լŵô²۰ᰣǽԶ˼ջǰӰ˵һҲҪ𣿡
Ӱ˵ͷ
ŷ˶İţȷʵǽ̩ȥȻͽ
ڽҹȥаҪǼԺİǾۡ
˽ˣ˵ҶģġҲԽ㣬Ҳ˵ġ
Ӱ
Ȼأнúܿ졣
뿪Ϊǻֻܿ˹¾űߵš
¿źڰǺһԺı־һ⡣
ھУԺɲʲôı־ÿٵʱҪԺץˡ
ȿű򿪣Լҿʱ򣬽¾һæӭ
⿴£ȻˣЪûеĻȥ

Σ׹
ףжˣ϶ǿӡ
Σ̫ˣѹǶôҲⱦ

11.1ʼ
˵, עһ֮ҹ
̫ڹУ˸ؾ¡
Ǿʮ֮ҵˣǸʱûлңʱ͸ӳȡ
жڣҲӳ¡
ֻҲ˯, ֮, ľûоһֱûͣ
Ժͬһڵű
ҪվȥŮȰסˡ
ܿˡ
лԨֺ֮ڣ·ȻȻ˵ת, ȻǷġ
ԣҲԡ
૵ص, תǸᵥġ
λ£ͬлԨһصš
һ, һ󼤶
ɵȵ߽ʱȴǱ⡣
˽һ, ֽлԨһ塱
ڴʱ, Щ, ʵôˣ
ϱűˣӦûߡһ˵ţһ߹Ҿ͹ôˡ
£лԨʵɩˣǴأ
ϢˡΪʿƲһ죬ҲûϢ֣ȫŲסˣҾЩȥ˯ˡ
лԨ
ûʴ˹ִɩʲôȥϢġ
ʴžǱ
˵һڵȵͷ
һţŵֵͷȥǽҲˣ
ǣ
ֶȥˣƾ֪Χ鿴һȷֻˣͷҲֻиԼļԺӰŹţصԡ
Ǽһоɣȴûг
ֱԣסŮ֣ѹʵôˣ硪
̶˲䣬룬ҲǴʿˣҪ䵽ԼĶϣŮҪԼ㣬׼תߡ
硣
Ȱ׵ģȻĿԼĶԼĴɩɨ
׸磬ɩϱҲǸ빲δ֮ģǶǿġ
ȷ֮󣬲ſ˵ŷˡһȥˡ
лѾˣҲãлԨҲãһ
ʱ⣺״ʹΪѾҵ취ܾѴʿŷҵ֤ݣ
Ȼһ֪ʲô¡
ͷ߽С
ŷȪ˴ȥҹţɽ½Ŵʦ׼ȴʿ
һ桪
ŷѾˣԴʿֵǶһƷˣ޻磬һʯһ˫񡣡
ڻ·ϣˣһβ¶ȪܣһƷҲԽԪۡԺĹϵ
ͬʱҲöһҸ֮ĹϵýӲ
һƷлԨʧ˳ǻڴܾǱң
ֹ˺ģܲ뽹ǣΪ˵ŷ˻ȷˣһƷҸȼӭһλ¸߻ǰһϵ顣
һ¸ͳ¾ۼһƷ󣬱һȺֻɢһƷҪˡ
ⲻ˵ٵصȻҲΪǸлһƷߣҪһβݺô˳ҲӦϡ
ڸײڣ粻ڣлԨǸеĶˡ
չֳͬƽʱһһ棬ŷǽ˹ܿͻῪʼֲ÷Ǹ˭һƷߣԼȴûа취
ͬţ֮ڸд£ҪСĽ
ҲֻˡҲعȻڶŮ֮ѶϣϾʱóһĸĹϣڲܴݾߣһƷĶӹǽ£ؼĶԼģҪˣҲҪ©Ѿ֪ڸеϢ
лԨⶼӦһǡ
Լĸסɩ綼Ѿ㣬ֻеһġ
Ȼʱ򣬾͸һŽһ𣬲е
˿ڶ࣬Ҳ֪һһƷߣ֪ǻ˶ˡ
ǾͰŹ鴦ԺϼԺ֮ĶЩ׮
ܹؼ˺
浽˷ǲѵʱеȪóҲܽ⡣
ô֮Ҫľǵȴˣȴⳤҹȥ
ȵһ֣ЩЩˣڶɢ

⣬һͣڳſڡ
ɫ־ͬոͱһȫһųŵǳȥʱǿһš
ţ
ֵصҹѾЩ˯̴˾
ǼԺ֮תͷ·ͬź쿪ţ
Ƭ֮󣬸ϳ˿ǰĳŻش򿪡
ǰ˼ڴӳſھʱ
سǵٿȥҲȴʾŷƣ˵ְ֣ڡ
û˵ֱӴӻͳŷƣ
ٴμ֮õǰ˿һ֣롣
ɽ»ĺɫڿһ˵ĴϷſٶȿ񱼣ʹķ
ҹɽĿŴʦ۾߬ŷ顣
ŷҹ룬Ȼзɵļ£˰ȵֱнͣ۾
ݳļԺԱţ˵ʦ³
ŴʦӦһáŴ򿪡
Ѿڹǰ
ŵѾ˸ϳĹԱеƣֿ˿Ŵʦ
ŴʦԶһףǵһУӦҲȥɽ£ϵȷ֮ͷǽȥ
ǰ߹ʯ·ŴʦڻʳǴ۸ӵͨдС
֮󣬲һԺ⣬ƻͨյķվżӰ
ŴʦзֱŷлУһǳԪˡ
ļԺԱûٸŹȥֻԺͣס˽Ų
ŴʦߵǰȶԳԪۼһ񣺡ƶɮ¡
Ԫæʦض񡣡
ţΪ˵ȿŴʦ
ŷŴлгִһ˹Ѿ޵ĳԪѾѰ˿ôʿҩֻҩеҽУֻӴĿŴʦ֪ʹá
ҽҽĻ￴˴ʿҽеޣŷҲ˵ʲô
Ԫ۸ǶҪ˹ȫû
ոлϮ;ա
⻹ȥˣĻӦ̹лΪʱѺεԼֻ¾ͻΪ¸ġ
ŴʦһŷͬҪ˵˴ʿڵ״˷С
ʱæʲôûдڻʹУҪ뻹ҩĶֳɵġ
ŷһⷿڿһᣬŵֹѪҩζ
֮⣬лҲһˣԪ۾档
ԭĹ˸ҽȥˣŴʦΪеĴʿƿӣ⿪ʿ½󣬿ҽΪ˿ڡ
ӷ𡣡ŴʦʿϵıӸǻȥƴҽȷʵո߳Ҳˡ
˵꣬Ϳ˴СԼųӡ
£ҪʿܹѸ漣ֻ˵ǻȪ
ŷڳŴʦûȪ£ֻǽԼΪԼϻûȪá
ڣŷѾȡ˱⽻ϵһֻƿӣݵ˿Ŵʦǰ
˿ݵԼǰƿӣȻлʱڱׯϸԼҪСܶ࣬һʾ֪ǳͬһƵġ
Ŵʦһֽӹһŷȷǣ
شȴлС
ле֮ǰãһֱûõȪˮ
Ŵʦƿеɢˮ
˿ƿȪȻ࣬ҪôʿѹѾˡ
ΣŷûȥҴллڿŴʦǰĻԣֻʵһƿ𣿡
ˡŴʦͷ
ûȪϴ˿ڣ֪֮ЧǹڷѪȫôʿָʶġ
Ҳ֪ôʿһҹͱ˿ȬǻЩע⡣
˼Ƭ̣ҪȪˮĻõʱҪǿڼܹΣѹֲһƾ
Ŵʦȫظ¿ȡᣬ˶ļ֡
ŷƿȪˮһڷһãһһˮУΪϴڣԶˮУڷ
ŴʦͷӣܹȪƽȵЧ
ŷķԺ󣬾ڴ£ʼ˶ŷһȥȡˮڽˮù֮ǰ˼ַԹˮûж
лԭȷŷ֪˶٣ڿȪ÷֪ǽȪ๦Ч÷ˡ
þǰƺй
ⲻ׾ͽȫи˵ˣл룬Ϊ˾Լ
ŷǲǡ
лü
˵ôԱõǰᰣõľŷˡ
ǽܴͻ飬޸ZZҲϲŷá
ƺŷʱ̫ãλȨ㳯Ұŷ̫ξȡˮŴʦԺ󣬾վڴתͷ
˵Ŀڿл͸Լʲôĸо֮£ȴ͸
룬л־뷨᲻еӹš
ŷλϣ飬ɣԼСӦòϲǡ
ҲʱлȳĿ⣬ֻȥѾȪڱеˮУ⿪˴ʿؿڵıȪˮһϴ˿ڵĿŴʦ
ϴ˿ڴʹʿڻ֮УҲƲסس鴤
ŷһ־סÿŴʦϴ
ȵеˮ㵹ˣʿؿԭϹҩֱɾϴ˿ڿȥȴûʲô仯
Ŵʦ˱ӣȡһˮһеĵȪϡ֮Ҫôʿȥ
ŷȻϵǡôѶַذѻԵ˷һڻеſ졣
ŴʦˮȥڻУŷ£ʿҲȻˡ
ˡŴʦʾŷŻشϡ
Ȼ˾ڴߵš
ܰǰжʱȪЧʱܿ죬ĶڵųڼγһЩɫۡ
ǿŴʿȴǷ˿ûۿɼı仯
ŴʦȥΪ
ָ£ʿ𷽲Ȫ֮ǰҪ׳࣬ȪȷʵõģԶ˵˵ͷٿʼ˵ڶ֡
ڶ֣ϴȪĵΣõȪ˰˵Ρ
һδʿʱղűøΪŷҲⱭˮȥٶȱ𷽲ſҪһ
Ŵʦ
ڵϴ˿ڵʱ򣬴ʿķӦǰҪӾˡ
ŷ֣о洫ѾǿлпʿëҲҪļ
ԭҪעˮÿŴʦȪȥ
һοŴʦȴͣˮĶֱӽȪ˿ձ
Ȫպܹǳǳûףŷһʿ򦣬ſ졣
ŴʦһСڴȪֱӵĿУȡԱߵ룬ڴʿĴѨȥ̼
.ʱԭԡĴʿ۾
Щã·֪ԼںδΪǰŷǡ
ŴʦٴΪؿͿ˽ҩȻַذ˱ŷվڴߣû˵ʾлվ
˶е⣬ǴʿлУȴǰֵصĶ֡
˿лУӦױʳ
лվ˹ŸոմӻиյĴʿ֮ǰһָѺС
ڵ
ʿվǰˣϵɫЩ⣬Է
ӣʵġ
˵Ҫ֧ԼȴؿڴľʹһӶȥ
лֽڴϣѵ԰̣ؿһȻû˼Ҫأһ󣬻ҪСΪ
˳ĻʿͷԼؿڲŵıǻǰԺ̵Ĺ⾰
Ƭ̧֮ͷлУһ˶ã
ŷԵǺܾãھָֻԹȥ˰ʱ䡣
ʿĻԼָл⼸ֵʱ¶˳Ծɫ
ŴʦԲ֣ŷ̹϶ڻǰָ֣Ҫ½ѺΡոϮȻҪɱڣȲѣҲҹȥɽ˿Ŵʦϴϵɡ
ʿĿתŴʦתлУ˵ǹˣҲһԵòʱ򡣵ʱҵҿŰɫѣݣƲӡ
Ҳ˵дǴͬлƵ·ʿڻԹȥ֮ǰֻȺм˰Ӱʶָ
ͬûʲô롣
ŷʣǵе֮󣬿дϳʲô˵塪
ûСʿе֮£侲뿪ʲôҲûץס
Ļ£ԪʹŽ
ŷתˣ˿£үȫһƷ߼޻ˡ
Ժ⣬һڹѲߵУһĿ򿪵ķɨ
һָ̣Զ˶оһֻ۵ĺɫӡ
ӴֱϷɳȥҹɫС

11.1ʼ
ˣˣ
ڹеĶʹһʿϢ, ̴Ա˹
һʼǻΪܵƭˣǽ֮󣬼ʿѵؿڴͷԼ˶һ
ʿһͷҲ֪Ϊʲô, ֻ˵λ˵ˡ
˼ŴʿȻɫûд, ־ȴѾˣҪͬ˵ԼûﵽʲôæͼվлС
˵ɫʱʹӷұ÷ŭ, ô
ʿĻϵɫ΢Ҫ˵ʲô, ͼһָлжԼ, Ժг㲻һ˾
һ˵һŭлУԼĿºɫʱӻ
˵Ҷ, 㴳, ҪԴʿԲԣ
ûͬҲ޶֤, Ʋã
ȫﻹڣֻ, һһָ, ˭岻˻
лûп, ԪۡŷҲֻԿţѹĴʿеҪ
ôӣûü˵óѡ
ˣʿڱһ˸ֹסڣ
˵ϻͷеˡ
λ˺ͿʿлϮңϮҵǸˣ
ˣĻٿлУѵʱȺһָָֻлϵ·
ˡ̽ص˿ߡ
ʿǼ޻
һ˵һв̲סҵؿһǣǰĵˣԳʹɫʹһңˣ
ŴʦȱΪʱٴǰȡΪʿ롣
ȵ˳ٿԣڵʹҲɢ֮˲ſڵӷڲ˼Ҫƽ˿ڲָܾ
ȻҲ붯ǶҵĴױɱΣ׾ҪԩлУҪӦԾһƷ
ʿֹס˿ԣոչšһƷ⼸ִŷĿ˵Ѿâڱ
ȵƽԶ˵ˣҵһƷڴܵİ׮ͼ޻лӣҸ֮ĹϵԴҡ
ֵͬһʹҲǴʧɫ
ŷԹ۲ǵ̬ݼپտˣҲ޷εʱ
һƷԼһƷΪ٣н꣬ҪһƷʱĻȻβסеķŭ
ʿڴͷ˵һƷѾˣڸδڰĶһŻлЩ֣ҺδóѣҾǶҵˣ
ŷƬ̣ȷʹһƷˣǿڵˣڴʿʱѣҲһƷı
Ȼ˵ţʹɺǻȻ
ôУһƷ֮ľǶңһƷӰӣǶ֪ô졣
Ҫھȥҹ
ɫʹӦѾЪ¡
ҾǹôҲǸʮŮһƷʲô취
ȥʶɿľȻŷ
Ƕ˶ŷûʲôøУҪ˵ڶҶҵʱнˮһƷôľǱܼԺ
ŷ常ֱʤ
ǿŷ˵Ǿ仰֮תͷŵķڵȴʲôˣҲʶظſȥ
Ƭ̣ͼһԺٷͷǶŵ¹ȻվеĻݸŷ
Ĳˣŷ롣
ŷӹеĻ֮󣬾תڴʿǰչֻŻϻŵһԣȥʮꡣ
ŷʴʿ뿴ӡ󣿡
ʿ⻭ϵ˿Ƭ̣Ȼ̧ͷ
ԱߵĳԪۡл˵ǽɱҵˣ
Ǵ˴£ͬȵߵԼһʿһͱ˹
ʹ״æеʣŷˣץס𣿡
ⶨȻһƷ
ץסֻ֮Ҫ̿򣬾ܹʳͬ䡣
ǵУ֪˵ĳԪ۸ԾԵҪȻ̫ࡣ
ŷеĻʹ˵ϧڱֵʱѾˡ
ˣɫѿ񲻾Ͷˣ
ŷûǣٿʿ˵ǰлЩɻ󣬲ָ֣ҲͿȷⲻֻ򡣡
ŷԵӦƤ.ߣٰ̫ӡ
д̵ʱֻۣ£ȵ֮̽αװֻԭ·԰뿪
ǲ鵽ʱ򣬴ʱ䣬ðݵ̫౻
һͳ׽Լժ˳еһˮһٴȻǱ˹С
ʿʹ˳Ĭ
ֶΣֻǹһƷĺڰ䡣
Ԫſڣˣҹ¿ֻȵˡ
ʿ˵λʹڹпԷģӻŷҲǲԺ֣ϼӿء̹ǱߣҹѾˣ빬
л£
ʹŷȾͷġ
лҲҪǶȹһʣµʱ䣬Լ֮ǰ˵Щлһ񣬸ǰҶ³çеӼ¡
лжԶ˱ʾ½⣬ûж׷ʲô
ԺʣµĿշ䲻٣ȴûд뿪ֻͣڴʿ׼ȴ
ʹݡ
ϵ͵͵һ£ڵϷ΢죬һƻ
ԭϻ˯ϸ΢죬֧Ŷͷֻһ£ҡһ£ϸŵıҲ
ʲôʱˣ
ʶʣȻԺ۾Լϸŵıӡ
̧ͷǰͷԭѾˣֻϡ
ƿ˱ӣĿ⳯űķɨȥ
ոϲ֪˯ţⱻȻһ˸ϵġ
ѰһȦԼҵվڴǰ
ȴԺ̲ϲӣһֱϵġ
˿վڴǰ˰Ѵˣҵڣк˽
̿վڴǰڷҪɫС
齣Ь߽Ϳվڴ֣µķ
̳Ŀȥͼһ£һֻɫСڳȻڵ
Ѿ嶾֮һϱ֣ټ£סֻȥûʲôԵĳӣоûô¡
űĴ߸ֳһ˿Цݣˡ
ʲôˣ̲֪סһֻӣܴ֪ʲôϢ
ֻǿŴߵתԼ˵ҹˣϢˡմܵĻʵ۾ͻ빬ʿѾʱҲᵽһƷ㷢ѡ
˵꣬̾͵û£ǷѣҲӦԡ
˵ţﻹĥղ˵Ĵʿ飬ȻʶǲζŶˣ
磬ǲǡ
һ˷ܣ̲ס̧ץסڵ󣬡лϣ
ԡץԼеİ׮лȥ˴ʿʿͻָѣŷųֻ
ȵֻΪźŵĳ棬˵ϡ
۾һ۵ԵĻϲ
̫ˣһ˾оˣ
ǣҪôлｫõ֣
Ȼûдͬ˵顣
ֱſԼҸˣǵðѴϣˡ
Ȼ󣬾ƿţķ˳ȥ
̿ӰɫС
һֱ̹ҲӺڰϢ˳ڡ
£ͶƮȻȥ
š
ʱ䣬ʹгѲߵûʲô˻š
ߵ·ʮƫƧ߼ӰУ޷
סĵطʹݺܽһլ
ɽµУ˰Щɮ˵ע⡣
ƫƫڸߴһϣï֦ܵҶӳ֮䣬һŽӰ
ϵŸϸϸ֦ںҹмܹʹ֮Ͷˡ
ʮ˲վֱ塣
ԭֻΪлбѺ鷳˯ţӷ֪ᰵӰʱϰԵز˼û뵽ȴôˡ
Զס˺ڸн͡
ͶֻǱܿʹݵȴûע⵽ڰе˫۾
˭ʮ룬ôҹӶǱ߳
ĿҪǵӰǾ̫ԶֻܿǸ΢ĺڷ
ʮûиȥΪǸߴĺӿǸ֡
ʹг룬߳ôһ֮⣬Ȼڡ
ԼóȻȥ⣬˵Ը
ʮסȴţǿŵ˲䣬׽ڳ˵ͫɫ
ȵŹϣҹԶȥʮ̧֣ҧ֦Сֹɫģ
ڷۣⲻǶһı
ҵʹӦֻǸ
ոճȥǸˣα̹Ҫ߳һء
ѵ
ʮŵ룬˻ǹаŮװ
ȺʲôϷ
һʮ뵽ҹ齵Ժӣ˾ڲ
Լҹ˯ܳľٶʦִ鷳һ˽ս֮վǵֲģżһ㣬˾һӰһ˳ȥ
ֻҪܵù죬鷳׷
֦֮䣬ʮԾԽмľ룬̹Ժһôϡ
¹ͷһж
ʮ˿Լŵãܴ㹻ס
˸Ƕȣ̹Ժпȥŵƣȴûйء
Ƭ̣ͼڷŮߵ˴ǰֽӹˡ
ͷϨ˵ƣû˱Ϣ
֡
ʮȷ̣Ǹո߳ȥǸͲ
˭
ţ͸еϢشһֻ֡
ʮ
˾ȻϢؿȫû
ʮͷƤҪըˣֻΪǸոճȥǸַԼֻˡ
Ȼһ̣߾ʦֵ
Ŵѧʿʵҹ˯ʲô
ʦʦ֣
ʮæתȷվԼǴʦ֡
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҹαʦץסոǸ̶ֲַֿȲࡣ
ʦܱǱ˺ã
죬ѸոտŴѧʿ˵
Ŵѧʿﲻ˵ĵط
˵һʦܵ죬СʱЩƤһ뿪
ѧʿȻڳãһȴû£һҹԾٶȱʮոԼɻ죬һ˻СȰҹεʦʹݣ˷ʦܸոռʹӶʹݵķ¡
ĻŴѧʿ˳˼
ʮ̽ʵʦ־ʲô
ˣȴֻһǰ¶棬ǲʲôıĻܲܰлоȳ
Ŵѧʿ˼Ƭ̣㽫ӵѣ㲻ҪȥͣҲǻȥ˵ġ
лбָʱһվ˳ȥҺöҵעǱߣûӲҪѳһʱ֮µʮҲȥ
ʮ¶ˡ֪ˣҲġı顣
ֵȥ˵
ס𣿡ѧʿǷһ䣬˵£ֱӸŷɡ
ܸ֮ĶԹǼԺһƷ֮顣
ڻ೯ŶԷ͸òɿԶ˵ıŷˡ
áʮ˵ͷʦ˵ĻȻǲģԽлеûãǶҪˡ
ʦȥϢ׼ٳ
ԼĴϣʮ˯ţֻԼôߣڸҲ˰ɣ
ȷʵ룬˯š
ʵϣ˱ǿֶηŵлڼ⣬˶û˯
ΣڽлɣΪϵһ֮ҲⶫŮ߾һߣԼĲݣ֮޵߸Ǳ״
ڴշתһԭҪǰ˯ŵʱһ׹ռȥЩũһ̧־ڼԺӰԼ
ûкԼˣֻ»ҡ
ţ̾һӴ
׹ռﶼֻܽˡ
֨ѽһͷҹĶѩںڰеӰſ
ѩ£̨
ӭǰӹе̨Сʵôˣ
˵˯š
ѩһͷվһ
Ժ˶ѾЪˣվľֻͷƬ̣ѩ˵Ϣɣȥ鷿
ѩôһȥ鷿
˱Ҫ̨֣˵ȥţȥ·á
ǲ˯ˡ
ҹҪ鷿ţѴǻġ
ѱȥ·Ժ󣬶ѩȥ鷿ţͷĵƶˣȥһȲ衣
Ȼʱ򣬱Ѿ鷿óһϻڵרĵؿʼ˵̡
ɫרעѩһʼΪӵ¶üͷƬ֮˿
Ҳãиġ
ڵ̵ٶȱһʼѾ˺ܶࡣ
ȵǳۼʱϻѾʯ
еĹ߱ϵԵðȥŷеĿ̵תͷ档
ˣӦнˡ
ʿӦ˰ɣ

11.1ʼ
ԼԺӳ, Ŵķߡ
, ˶ñƽҪ硣
ڰ·ԼĴ磬翴ȥϢò, µڸϵƣʧˣֻһһְŲӡ
ǰһ硱
лڼ, ֣ôô磿
ԭ̫ǧ, ԪǴ죬, ϯȡ, Ҫǰһϳлڼ𴲵ʱƽҪȥ糯ʱ̡
ʱ, ע۲һõ۵׸ϵɫ, ȷһû˯, , ˵ʵ˯, Ծˡ
лڼͬһߣһ߶˵ͺúõĴڸ, ֪֪
ͷ
Ȼش綣Ҳڹܳȥ, ԭΪЩĸֻҪⵣԼ
лڼ΢΢¶˸Ц, Ҫ˵³֮ʲôϢһʱ, ʵ, ôһֱڰӣ
ǱӼȰԸȥ˯һֵڲιȥС˰̧˴лڼ
ȸϣҼһţã׼ϳ
ȥּжʹẒ̌ҲѾʹ֮⡣
̹ϴϣԺеš
йȻ˴ԼʱŲæеĲ豭ȥӭּȻԼǰּһ˹
ճԪҪǵĵط԰԰ڴܳĽǵ
Ѿѹ˵¶ȹ°ҹĴʿϣǵе̹
Ԫ۸Ա˶վŵʱ򣬾ֻԼܹڵš
ʿŵŵķ򣬲ʱͼӰ֡
ȥûܵʲôţҲûʲô⣬ŷıһƷӰ֮һֱŵġ
̹ԼʹУͬԪһ񣺡μ¡
ȵԪվʱŽĿ˴ʿϣָ̵¶ϲɫ
˵ɽµĿŴʦҽֻ߳شȻˡ
ȻԼµʱ򣬹Ӧңҧлµ֣һƷıóѣǼԼĽвαʿҲǸжġ
Ԫ۶ף̿ڵҹʿԺѾ˵࣬ԺдĲӣҲͽҹ˳
ųԪ۵Ļ˽̹һָͨͷѡ
óԪ۱ȽлѺΣÿŴʦʿʱѣлҲû̫ܵĥ
ˮʯܳԪۻû˵˭ʹŵͬѾȫת
̹Ҫѣøôˡ
õеĴ󲿷˲ɵþЩֻ
ܶҵ˺ܵùΪε涼̫ţǺ⿴ôԸ
ֵ̹ñԤҪࡣ
ղڽʱ򣬾ѾźۼȺɨҵлеӰλУѾͬն
ղûм̻мֿϧڼԪһ٣˾ʹӵ߽ϵ·ѾˣûΪǰʡ
̿ǵϣ׵ĳԪһ񣺡μ¡
Ԫ̧֣ƽ
л֮󣬲ֿһͷ
ʹԭվλ˳˶ߡ
ǸӸ̹Ѿ·վţԪ۲ٴοڵ֮£ŷ̫ξѾ
ȺԪ۵Ļһ񣬲һʱ䣬Ͱ˾ѣһô
ԪݵǱǴܵһƷΪǳôʿ˴ʿּ޻Ŀָֻ̹֣һᡣ
һƷʱ򣬱ȺķӦ𶫵ʹʱҪ
ȻҲ¶ɫΪЩùĶȻ˻ʹ֮УôĵĴɱֶΡ
мԺŷڣ˵һƷһƷҲΪ塣
ϳ˵ĳԪۣĥűھе⣬Уϣܹ»СС»ˡ
ͤǰĻڶ
ҪǴɱ֮йϵл޾ڵΣҪԩӣҪҲһŭ
ƽô꣬Ƕʲôˡ
ֻϧûѵʱڷŮˡ
תż֮һ񣺡֮֮֡
лվߡ
̬ȸսȻͬĶҹϵɫ䣬һ˿衣
̷֣˵֮ʱ˵ɱ֮йأжΡǶҲһȻ֮ԸеΣҪлҶ޶

ʹô˵׷̲ס̧һֻʾסڡ
Ƭ̣ؿڵ̹űҲ˵ˣᡣίҶףҲ׷˶ǴܵĺҪôǸͬҵĶ˵ɡж
ߵĶһۣʾ̸
ϳ֮ǰŷѾͬԪֹڵص㲢ҪεͷԽƽؽҹȥԽܸЩڰһƷԻ
ŷһƷ˽⣬Щ׮ڸ֮УΪ˱Ⱪ¶֮ģֱӶһƷ
һǴʲ֪ڱǱľжԼͬ飬Ҳ֪ҹȥ֮жöӱ¶˼Ժǰ
ʲɾ֣ţҪһһȡ͸ס
л֪׵˼
Ӧһǣǰһӭ̵ĿʱѾ˴㣬׼һʹ˾ˡ
û뵽һ֮ǰˡ
ڷŮ˵֪лǾӣȻҼƽϣǲծȴǲġһ취ܹлӺֲǶҺʹܵĺӽܣǲ֪Ρ
̵Ļ׷ײ²Ҫ˵ʲô˵֪δ䣬Ǿ˼ĿеļѡΪΨĹǴֹСһɸΪ񲯣֪Ȥҵҵĳ
ʲôⶫҵ̹󵨡ԾԵķԣ˵ڳĴ󳼣ϵĳԪҲ㾪°͡
˵ŮˬϲӾͻ˴عУû뵽ⶫҵĹǴܵĳ
飬ǰûа̵档
˵֮󣬾Ϳվڶ棬Ҳ¶֮ɫлУ°ͣʵΣ
лкַӦҲû뵽ⶫҹԼס
һ󾪲Ѿ˼顣
飬ȷʵʮֵг⣬ӲӣϮҵǸȢˡ
̿ɲͨĻŮǶззصĹ
ҵķƶͬܲͬǻصԼķڣǾԳһڵúܡ
˵Ȣ̣Ҫضңܸһ⣬л˵ûʲôá
̹ʵӣʻ͵δĶӵĴǶҪʵǣǿܾҪӦˡ
̶Լʮ鲻ʱġ
ҹȷлоǶ֮˼һҹԼܹԼضȥ
ԼֱҲɡ
лÿͬһϲ͡
ո߳չֳǸҲͣԽ룬ԽڴܹԼ顣
ȻлвܾӦ
ڵ̲סһ˷ܵ˽ʱѾж˷ŵľ¶˳˼֮ɫȻ̹˵л;ʱûпǹȢ֮¡
̳üԲӡӣ˵ɼҵȳɼҺҵȢңҲӰ;
Ҫ٣ǶֲԵĵطͲڳеҪְһڹٳһչ
лмƱ磬Ȼ˵Ҳ˵֮ǰ˵Ǹܹҵİ취ˡûп취κβ֮
ôûУ̿ȥҲԤϵһʣ̩ȻصԵΪ٣Ϊ޸٣Ƿ㣬Ȣңҵķ֮һҪĻĲ⻹𣿡
лмԼ˵ʲôдʣֻ̲סʧЦȻҡҡͷ
Ԫ۸ɿһԼĳúȻȻףƾܣ·һһؽ棬ǶҪ˵Է
ӦñԼͷ۵һۣȴԿţȻµӡ
ԪۣҲƫ̫ˣŮͽŵòУŶӾͿ
̹лûеܾԼڷľӷȣԼһ̨£˵ڴܻҪͣգлӲôҴ𰸣Զ࿼ǼգҪӦˣӭʱʹҡ
Ԫ׵Ŀһӱô
ȵ·˵Ŀ֮˵ˣݺ顣ʿɱףҲɸΪ񲯣ľҪףһƷڴܵ

δ˳ҹ׵Ϣ˳һ˳ȥ
ŷڹУ˿֮⣬Ѱ˿
̹ڳ˵ǸȴһʵԺŷЦһ
˻֮һǽ£һöľʵӣڼǽһһֻŵǷϡ
ŷ˵ڶõŵĻŮȻЩ˼
̸һƷûϵôһ飬ػγͻһﵽ˸õЧ
һƷйϵһ־ǹذΪӵȪлдӱܴߡ
ˣһƬطֻǽµһۼ뿪ͼԼ֮һꡣ
ϴźɫľװбŰѽ֮ǰֹҲ԰վΪл˵ʮ
ŷԼȻлҪͬԼ˵
ûֱͻǶ˵׾پԽķߣվԭòصȴ
ŷǶŷ˵һȥ
ԼվԭأӰӭ
峿ǻլ֮Уڵְסҡ
ʵʱͣΪԼϢڳף
õ϶Ĵ֪֮Ķ
һлдˣһ˿âƬֵ̲ͷ´Ӹղͣµĵطӵȥ
֮䣬Ժ͵͵˵һ֡
ϢѵûԼԺߣΪҩͰĦͷıʧ˳ʲô
ķӦͬһģһ
ĸŮ
Ƭ֮Щεصⶫҹʲô
жΣվ˵Ҫķʽôֵ
ͣϵĶʴϢˣӦûУ
ߣֻǰ֪ǹϢ̴ҡҡͷ˵ûдӦ˶˵Ҳûоܾ
⣺
Ů֣˵ðˣ°ɡ
һԣĶ
ǵķŷһ̶һƷ֪飬ǵеһԱôΪʲôͺˡ
ǵĻôǵԶҵĹҲ֡
еؾ
Ҫʵڲ֪ԼĸϱӵȢ˭Լɩ̷һһԼ磬Ҳơ
ϢģĸŮ˲ûãлڼли˾ʹӹлˡ
˵ǰѯһϣ̾ͷ˼վĸ˵ȥӸ磡
ɱüֽţһ磡
лһصУͼóԼ˸ĳϲãղѾǳϤİԹâ
ȻڳϷѾУȲҪ̽ˡ
лڼűܹǰվ֮лתһȦȷû£Žһ硣
漴ֿ磬һžҪ⡣
лȷˣȢȥӦ
ⱻˣЩ⣬˵ʲôɩ壬ôͻˣ
лڼղɫõģһӾ
ҲֻлǰȻл˵вУٵȥ½һΡ
лȻЩ⣬ˡ
ص⣬ͼ˰˸
վżڣɩ˵ӻϿϴȥù˳˳
˵ţҲ̫ˣлЦЦ̧ŴӻϿ˹
Ȼ󣬴Ա߾ܳСˣҶմˮ
Ҷɨϴһù
лгҶĳϵ·ˮ߰ߡ
߹ʽ˵ˡлִ߽Ȥȥȥҵ
лУȥ

11.1ʼ
ллϢǸһƷҵϢͬʱġ
һſ, ӭлд, ΪϴȥùξһԼԺ
һƷ, ζû뵽ǾȻһƷˣ
һƷûʲôӰ죬ĴȻڽ, ֮, ҲΪ̧š
ɣʵ̫ˡ
˵ǰֻҪһߣڻζҪŪԼߡ
Ѱ, ϵĶʲô
ҪǱ˷һƷ, ǾͲܹ͹ȥ¡
һƷļϸߣͬǰзЩϵһ
ҧ, ҪЩ׮, ʲô
ɣ鲻ߵĻ, ǳ, ṩ, ͱȥô
ǰ, ճȭ˼š
Ȼ⴫, ̧ͷɣһ, Źվǰ
οȥʱ, ŵ, ش˽˵ӻˣСڻûţóȥȷϸǷ񰲺𣿡
ɣһ˵ţһ߽ŵǰ
ȥʲô
۵׵ĹâȷԼû¶ʲôߣεȥеĵһ˵£ȥʲô֣
ɣ齫̷һԣվǰõ峺ˮ˵û¾Ͳȥܣܱ֮
ϵĶһ١
ɣǻл
̧ͷõʵ⻰ʲô˼
ɣ鶥ŲĵЦЦؿƺѾ͸ǰʲô
վʱٹСĺӣСĵţùһ񡣡ⶫŮ˶٣ֵһС£ʱֵá
ͫһھԼҪʲôͱơ
һһƬ̣ΰѵһš
ײ졣
ջĿ⣬˵֪ûθڣȥɡ
ҵһϣڼлƽϾȥߵ⣬˶ΧлУҪȷû⡣
˵УеǸ
ĵĸĸ׸Ǹֻ࣬ô˾Ҳ˵ֻվһߡ
õߣлڻشĸĸ׵ʱճһۣԱһͷʾ̸֮
ȹã̫ſڵˣжһϿ϶ûϢãȥϢ˵ɡ
̫Ŵлɢ̫˵ҷȥ
̫˵ͷͬڵֱ˳˵ҲȥϢɡ
۶ӵĵĸףӦһӷȥĸףŶվߵĶӡϱŮ˵ȥɡ
ڹûкúϢڼŵҲ˯ðҿһϱôСڻҪء
ôһʣµĴҲŸɢȥ
ߵķǰ˵߰ɣȥúðӡ
ӵ˸̨׹Լ£лڼɫԻ͡
Ǻһǰ棬
ҡҡͷԼŮȥ
ûȥӪڼϢлԨлͬ·һߡ
ԭȥһߣԼһʲôҲʣǾȻԼԺӡ
лԨܵһһһ߶Եܵ˵ˣˣЩһƷ¶ŷǰûл·ģʣµ鲻ùˣܣȥúϴϢɡ
áл̵ܽӵͷ
ߵ·ǰлԨųܻܵ˻֣ת뿪ˡ
лжԸԼߵС˵߰ɡ
صԺУСѾѵȲ軹ϴˮѾ׼ˡ
˰գҲͬƽһϴѣлҲûзǵĺ⣬ǰʱϴѡ
ص鷿ͷԱɣС˵ˡ
лзеıӣ߸ֳһ˿Ц⣬ԭű಻סһû뵽⻹̵ԼͷɲŹ
С˵ȥСһ²
ڵľʱûá
ػعĵģҪҲͬõڡ
лţ鷿УĽŲ
תͷſڿȥվﻹǣԺС¹
ŮС¹Źվһ޵ġ
⿪ڽ硱ǣС¹߽
лпδġڡǱĲãȫûԤϵ
ȱǣ¹ߵԼǰԱߵλ£С¹˵ϣлвʵ¹ʲô
˾ҰҵС¹ˣˣһġ
ʵոѩģһմȾҩ۾ֻѩèճģٰè˵øӰǾͻԼԺС¹˸õֻ
С¹ŸոðһĶ۽ǣվɣܹԵġ
лнõĺ⣬ȵС˰Ѳ֮£űһĶѩҲС¹ǣ˳ͷųԲݡ
леԺûбˣߵСһȥԺоͱÿտյ
˸ϸڣԼȥ˹֮νչġ
ҹܲŷԼߵǸӰڣȵԼĸһ˾ͲˣӦѾȥͬŷ
ǽ޶Ű˵
лнҹ֮󣬿ŴʦȪʿѵ޵˵һ顣֮󣬾ÿŴʦȪչȻʮֵңɼʹǴʿؿڵûѸϣٵѹһƷҲᱻ֤
ǼȻкܴǳȪģô֮϶
ڴ˵Ԫڳ֮ҪһƷˣȴû˵ԺǴô˿̲סʵ֪ŷǴôЩ׮
Щ˲صΣôûб¶֮ԽʹֶΣԽ÷ʤ
֪ǻԼŷǸλϣôܰǸ
лûжŷѾ㣬һƷͨ硢ϢʹԱ֮ʩ
ǶһƷʲôԺֶͬζԸȥ
Ҫôŷû˵лоͲˡ
˼صͷãȻʵȪ£ŷ˵˶٣ȫ˵ˣ
⿴磬Ÿ࣬˵ȫ˵ˣҲûд㽫ġ
леص֪Ϊ˱ңͤǰʱҲҪȪóôվİ취ȴΪ˲¶ʲôҲأҡ
ܲȪ
ȪֻǴ׹ռȡģҲ֪׹ռ֮󻹲Ŷٱ
Ȼȫ𣬵УһƷŵĶ棬Ǻ飬ĪĹϵ
ǰûн׹κˣȴ㽫ܸԼĸ硣
׹һУҪޱظԼ硣
ЩԼҪ˵Щ˻ķӦҲûеס
лпõָϲԾعβţȻҪԼܡ
ҡ
Ҫ˵
û뵽Լʲôû˵ǰĸ
лǰɵĺڷûֻɢΪո˼ͣñׯϵ÷ѩ
ӳӰӡ
·ܹͿеܡ
˵һ飺Ҫ˵
Ȫƾնʲôлд뵽
˱⣬ΪЩеİӣҳȪܣԹڱϲŵı֪ԽԽá
Ȼѵ״̬£ԶػԼãһƷҩܣҲһܹ˳ࡣ
Ψʲô֪ʲôᱻʳ
ʶǺ⣬ϵָ̲סȹڣȻطſˣеǻɬ
лпӿ⣬ЦһЦ˵鲻õģֻҪ׼һЩȪҾͿԡ
еġͷһ˵һߴԼСɰȡƿӣϣԸ˵ҪȪԡ
лпڳƿӣѩȥС¹¹̧˱ڳȪ˵ЩͿˣ֮㲻ҪˣŸ磬Ȼȥɡ
ȻգԼʲôҪǲͽĻֻǰЩ鶼׷ѡ
վ˵úϢȻȥˡ
лж΢΢һЦ˵ȥɡ
ȻԭأôԼ鷿˳ȥ
Σʮͬŷ˵ԼҹʹмĶһӳֵ£ǰ˼
ڱܵļУʮôҲû뵽Լ׾ͽˡ
ͷܵĳ裬뽫ͬļһȽϣȴʶԼûȥη
˵ܵľʦĲر󣬿ҲǶǿŵģЩأ֮ͨõؼϧøڷܡ
ʮջĿ⣬ǰԼǶ͵ϸ⣬ϸԼǵõĶˡ
ŷϵɫ΢˸ųµĹâʮ̲סʵŷ֪˵ˣ
ŷԼ˼г̧΢ЦлιǴϢҪץסһˡ
-
ҹĻ٣е˵ơ
ǰյĴɱ¼֮󣬹еͼǿԼѲߡ
ʿѹ󣬳Ԫ۾ӦҪصʹȥһҽǱ߿ˡ
ڹ⣬ʳҲ˺ܶ¹ԱӰ
ڳʮ֮󣬾еİջδԺĹԱڴϡ
ԺǴܵĴڸвǿǵŶڼƫƧĵطϸȥҸҲ
ЩСƽûںڰеӰֻڷµʱŻ֡
˿ټԺĹԱϽͷвֻţ뵽Ժַ֮ʲôǴܵļԺ˵ģ
԰⣬һոչӰֵ࣬صĸλ뿪ͬŴһк˳ǽȥ
һ˵վһ죬Ϣˡ
һЦЦû˵ȻԸȽϳơ
ȫɵţһ˫۾ҲǲʱâھܵĶ
㡣ͬ״̧־ıһǣ˵Ͼ㲻ôţ˵һƷǼԺˣЩСɲʲôͷĺˡ
ĻϾŵԷһЩ۾ȥеĹâһ
Ǽǰţһ߻ǣһ˵Ǹݵʱˣɩ׼һòˣǼ
Ⱥһ빬˵ͬһֵصϾš
Ͼ֮СһҲƵģƽҪǲĻһ졣
Ͼſȥ˵ʲôǻûڣĶͶһ¡
ô֮󣬰ûȵĻشһͷϾԭͣˣվǶʲô
Ͼŵַ䵶ϣפԭƬ̣żǰߣһ˵ûʲôˡðȥҺȾơ
ѾԿҪҲ¡˻صԺտյģֻĸˣĶ˰࣬Ѳߡ
ϴ裬ȥϴԡĵطҵϴ˸Ժ󣬾ʹŵ»׼ϴϢ
ھǰʱ򣬳ĬԵϾŶεһָ̧֣׷ҩһϵ͵
ҩڵоϣ˲ȼճ̡
ջ֣ǰȥ
ͬݵҲǱżյİ۵úˣڴ˵ԺҲ˴
ʱ˿Ŷ˯ˡ
¹͸ս˯˶˶Ӵ
ϾŴ·Ьӣûзسȥ
ţǽǵӰߵǷ߹ĵطûͣԳĳȥ
ָĲǼϵĹƳ档
˹ţһƫƧ԰ȥ
ܹϹƳľֻиֻһδӴ궯Զûôǿҡ
룬ʱеģǸµʹߣ
˭ʱҲ̫ױ¶ˡ
ԽǸ߽͸еԼڵĳԽ궯
¹ãǻĲݵ԰ӣһ֦±ȶϣžһ죬ҲƺһסԼĶͷ
ÿһɳİ׮µĹƳ棬һʼǵֱϣǵΪƳὥȥ
һ׾Ϣǵؿڣٽһ׾ͷϡ
ĹƳڼǰѾƵУԴݹϢű˶ҪȷǴû˵궯·ҪҧһͨƼһ
дľʹɫ԰ף亹¡
޷ǰһϺһֱסͷ
ô£ô£

ʹڵϴ˹ٹ˲ô˿̻ᷢѲߵ
԰һʱصֻĲҽ
Ͼ۵Ҫ裬۾͹Ҫ
ҰһƬѪ죬ɰɫɺɫһ˫ѥͣԼǰ
˳֣һֻ˿ʣǽס

죬Ѿ
һ̣궯ĹƳҵ˳ڣŵＷ˳䵽ֻϡ
ڵϵҲâ

11.1ʼ
е, һҹ֮, оϢʮˡ
ϾţŮĶ, һλ̫, ̫ࡣ
˱ʬ壬ʿɼһѪ
˸׽˷ǲ˶ԹôЩСﶼûв
ôɹ, ҲԺǳһƷĻᣬЩ˶ץȥҲ֡
׽ֻǾ, Ǽǰر, ôҲˡ
ǵʣȵ, Ҳ˵
繬ŮĶ, Ǽĸ˼Ա׼˼٣ȥ̽ˡ
Ͼʱһλ˵ȥȥˣæһ֮, 
Ｘһʼ, СǲǷʲô, ǽ˺, ϹٸĴ֮, ˲Ű
ļһߺȾƣһ߸пϾСӵĺˣȻԺ˵Ƕȥˣǹдˡ
ڼԺԱĴϣӰյҹҲмһŶ롣
пջ̻˱Ѻߡ
ڿЩСΪ塣
ŷµôٶû˼Լĸ
ץЩˣҪôǻϸɣץɷŹҪôץһƷЩڱѵһЩΧԱ
ڰڱеĶӵУĵһö
ڽӹһƷ֮λʱǰθѾöķֲϹƳĿƷ
öصҲΪİ׮ǾҹıǣΧǳ
αԺɨľЩǳ֪鲻֮࣬󣬴ûЩǰ¶ݡ
Щ˲֪һƷ飬ӵйƳЩŷһҲûҵ
򡰳һͨƳӦھӦ֪ˡ
Ϊȷŷû֣Ȼλʹݸլ
ҲǰѲ̹ݶطס˺ܾõ˶ıòΣҲԼͫɫ
ЩԺĺСԼǰ߹ȴ֪վǰľǵϹҪץסˣڶ̲סҡҡͷ
¡Ǯׯ
صŷһ谵ʯУǰڷŵĺװŵֻƳ档
ЩƳԭ˵ǵһѪΪʳǴʱ䶼ڳߣҪʲôȻĻǼѾɸɾ
Դκҵҩ۲Ƴ˿ЩƳ汩ҩۣȥЩӡ
ȻǼЩڴæƳҩӰ£ĹƳ淴ɣûŷȴ⡣
ЩֻСɫǵĲĴ㡣
ûʮйڵϢĻЩûа취ǿʳϢŷĻÿϧ
ǰĺﰲس˯УûеõĻ֮˵گͲĹƳ棬ֻҪЩӻţھͲ֪ǵ⼸öѾ˳
˵Ĵ󵨣뱱ܣƤ¹س֡
ŷǰͬڵļν棬˼λθʵݡ
ɽµѾϢ˵µ뿪ɽֻ֮صС
Ҳˣ˶ҵλֻȥˡ
Ҳɽµһֱһ˶Ŀ˻ڳС
ⶼûйϵŷ͵ٴж
ֻҪٻЩƳ棬ǾȷλãȻɱǰ
ԺڽСΧȦܿͭǽвӵζ
ŷЦ⣬ԼҹһõֻƳ¸ϣȻ̧ͷ
谵ʯУϺ֮󣬹ֻر
Ĳǻѣǽϻתҹ顣
鿴ƳʱҹǲڿȵϺʱǿֻش򿪣øĹâʳ
ʯԿĲŷһˡ
֮⻹λˣһϹһֻ۾һϣʮָҲʴ
ǰжʱ򣬻ǼԺö֣λʯУоǰЩӵģǼԺ֡
ͲϲЩӣλҲһ
ֻһƷóöҲóԦʹЩ棬ⶾʹʧ˲پӢҲòʼоӡ
˵֫廹һֻ۾оʱʧȥġ
ŷʯߡ
ӱ󿴣ֻʯ̨ǰһһʱſʯϷŵĹװŵĶǶ档
Щӹ˳ϣҲ⣬ֻ˵ɫҩۣǰƳķӦ
ĿרעǷǰһֻӣͬŷĹƳһģһ
缸ɱһһƷڱܵĸ֣ȡĹƳ棬һֱܷѱţѾжͬƵϵ
ڣǾֻƳʵϵҩۡ
Ϲһֻ۵߽ҩһЩֻƳϡ
ŷֻƳɫһӴҩۣѸٵؽ˽ȥ漴ϵĺɫʼȥֻӱ޵ĺɫ
ֳӵʣµһֻ۾Ƴı仯Ȼҡҡͷ˵ʡ
ϵĲϼʲô
һȳҩʧˡ
ŷȵʵſʵλжٰտҵӹƷ׷ĸƵİ취
ûֻŲ֪Ϊˣصʲôطȥٴζ֡
Щӹ֣Ȼƾĸ֮ϵ׷ٻȥ
վǰĸ̧ͷʣµһֻ۾ͫɫѰǳ
ŷ˵ֵܶڵõֻƳ֮󣬽˼оڴֻԵɺϣºϳ˶ҿعƵҩҳֻƳ档
һ˵ţһ°ͣŷװŹƳĺӵĵطָָٸʱ䣬ȻܹóҪĶ
á
ŷ֪Ȼ˵죬Ǿ졣
ԭλγǸԺ󣬾һֱҪʣµļҲ
һƷѾڶķѣ㣬Ȼܵȥ֪һƷǰθҵƳҩ
һΣȻһƷθ˴ܣҪǲץסᣬʣµҲĻǾͶԲȥôͬţҲԲʧȥЩ֫˸۾
ƳʯУŷְ̧ǽϵһأǰصʯŴ򿪡
˳ȥʯ¡
¡ǮׯпյɽУЩµľƵԾתͣ
ŷͨ˳ߵƽ̨ͷһľ䣬ƽȵе¡Ǯׯĵص׳ȥص档
ŷţûͬһ
Ѿһʱ䣬ҪѧϰĶкܶ࣬ҪѧԺ참ֶΣҪѧѶҪѧŷƹǮׯԴӵеЩʲȥ׬ȡĽİ취
ѧúܿ죬οⷽ棬ѧϰȴȫȲŷˡ
ŷ˱ˣһԼӵ̴վһȲҪ뿪ӡ
常
ŷǰ͸ԼûзֵظʵǸ𣿡
ŷƬ̧̣ӵļ򣬺Ͼصûб飬Ҵȥתתúõؿ˱
ĻŷɫøӲ԰ˡ
ԭΪ常ԾԼຣû뵽ȴֱ̡
ǶŷĻִдۿۣҪȥЩֲ˱ŷ뻹ҧӦǡ
ŷӰӲػصǰٴǸȫԸ˱ЩȤζؿԼƬ̣ת˵ķ˳ȥ
棬ͷĹ£ŷԸһЩĿû취ȥúõؽ̽
Ӧǡ
ŷڿʱʱúܣ濴Ҳʡ
ȵԼӰףŷ¡Ǯׯг̹ˡ
ϳԼˣȥ
ŷг˼Ƭ̡
ҹڹоͰγöټ缸ǼԺλеһöڴʣµʣһöˡ
һöǰڼԺǰС
пܵ
ŷ۾˵ȥ
ӦһǡҪ
Ȼоٴδȥһ¥
¥¡Ǯׯͬһϣ˳·ȥȥ
Ļ߹¥ſڵʱͣŷ̧ƿӣԽ¥
¥Ѿͬһ´ӪҵĿ˲٣ڼŷʱһ۾Ϳ
ŷ̾ͷˣӭ
ŷˡŷһ
ŷ²ŷ֣ϴЦʵ˽·Ȳ裬ʲô
ŷûУ
ϣԵò⣬̱˵ˡ˵̧һֱֻ˸򣬶ŷ˵ʦڶ¥ң롣
ŷһף˶¥
նûٵܣǹԹԵش
ԭŮ̫ǧ֮ͻָǰϢԼһ¥Լ֣޸ڶʱͼ
ܳţϾ͸ɴԼˡ
¥ԭҲ׼ѧͽ֣˶Ҫ
ŷʱ򣬾ͼľһվǰ޸ʱͼ
ֽϽ֮˺˿⻭ȫòȷЧ̧ͷ
һ̧ͷˣĻŷϾü˵ʲôŷ㴵ˣ
ЩдǼԺĹԱĻͬѲæӦþŷŶԣôᵽ¥
ŷĹѾȥŷ߹ĿѾ޸ġʱͼϣǴ¥·Ӧ޸ˣ㡣
Ͽ䴦һ䣺룬ⲻġ
֪²
ⲻŷ϶ʱͼ⡣
ǰ̫ϣóɽԶͼԼ¡ǮׯĿⷿǷϪͼͬҶŵ»϶֪ˣͷһϪͼҲ֪СѾͷġ
⴫棬İնֻ֪λŷ׳˴ܵѶҰڵĦ֪˭Ĺ͡
ϵĻŷ̧ͷͼ߻ǰ÷һԵĲ˲֡
ǿʵµ𣿡
ûСϲ֣ѲԱһӣ˱ӶֵֶغˮȻŻϣʵ˲ɽ𣿡
ŷʵʵɽǻá˵ֵ㿴Щʱնûй˵ʱͼҲǲҪˣ޸֮Ǹҵĺá
СϳۣǮõóǮġ
ΪҡŷЦҪȥʲôҪҴ𣿡
һ̫ξмˣǸ߼룬ֵûУǿǵ꣬ȻҼСѾͷܹǰһʲôʱʲôʱͺˡ
˵겻ŷǣʹϽߡ
ŷԼԶôܴЦҡҡͷתȥˣ¥Լֱȥ
մ飬ȻΪһƷЩӰ죬Ϊ֡
ȥ˺
ŷûеǺ¡ص͵ˣ֮ҲԵҫۡ
ʹʷᣬδȥĶյ룬Ҳȥˡ
ⱱܻҳɻͬǶҴ֣ͬĸȤ
ٹգɲ
λ֮Уγݲͬٹգһ֡
ţ˽Ρ
ѩ磬޸ԼСϲıҲһƽյķ裬ý浾
ֻϧӴοʼţȫ̶Ÿͷ˿ڵµݺ顣
̿ƿ߿лڼ
ֻлУվҪˣôлԼԼһضҡ
ȥ˿ģҲûҪȥʹݼ̡
һƲ죬ǲԼ̩ƺҲԡ
лǸø磬ͬõľˣбԼǿõϣлҲɿڹԼ
ţպٴԼϢذѱߣǶҵĳϣлл᲻Ϊ׷
ţǰѾɣԺһӷ˱񡣱죬һס˶䣬ʱԼոһͷ

ӲڣڻӪӴŷľлС
˴й԰߹ͤ£л˶£û׼ţ԰оֻʣǶͤ
ԼԺŷϢŵ־һʱûȣ䵽˵ϡ
ŷǵһƷˣǷʲô
ЩţͼɣԼǰڵϵ־µݻԼСôôСģ
οŮҪͷǿȥȴҪ򶨣

11.1ʼ
ɣ֪ŷڸУҲ֪Ϊʲô
ڵ, ˵˲ʲôġϵƤ.ߡ.޷, ߵҲû֪ŷЩ, ԶԶȲҼ, ûͨܰҳĵز
ôˣûǰθĶӰ., ̹ˣͬЩڴܵĶҲһ
ЩйƳ, ǱϴԵüҳ, Ǳɢʵȴû, ǵڶҵС
һһ, ÿһµֶζһ
ǰθʼٹƳҩֶΣڵʱھ˵ֻҪʲôʱѾǷǰθծͿԴȥ
, ص, Լǵɣѵǵõǵҳϡ
ԼҲվڸλ, շ˲ͬ׷ߵ, ɣ˵ʱڵĿȸŷ, ֻ, Ҫһͷ
ŷʲôˣ, ǹһϣ
ڿȵ˷죬Լ·ӣѱϱӵļ䣬Ҳǵ֣˵Ҫŷǰ档
ѣǲٴϽʲôˣԽ죬ԽЩϵȥѰѡ
԰ŷͬлͤУѾͬ˵ҹе£˷һƷǱܰЩӵľˡ
л̧Ϊ裬˵߿ҪĶһҹҰھʣһ
лзеĺ
ｫ˶ˣ԰տܹ˵ȷʵǸ̸ط
лʵŷ˽չҪһŶô
ŷͷĿ֮һ˶٣ʵӾһŶӻỨ˭ң
лˡ˭ҡʣ˵÷·𱻶һƷ󰲲ϸʲôƷһֻ仨ںδ˼ֻҲҪ
΢΢һӣŷյڣԺڳѾץ˲ˣûץһˣǰ淢£Ǵ˵ĻҲˡ
ŷȷʵĿ󡣡
леָⴥűӣȻʵҲûʲô
ȻѾŷҹڹڲĻ֮˵°γöӣϾвһǧˣۣУһ˶˷쳣
еȻѾˣôһҲûʲôӰ죬ǿˣһЩҪ͹ǸĻ֮˵Ϣݹȥ
˵ԼĹǣŷû̻شĻ˵ҪЩӣİ֡
λ˻æЩһƷ󰲲ڴܵĳ߿ŶӣǰѾһɥλУǱԸǰ߿ŶӶˣȻҪֻһţ᲻
Ȼأлһ֪Ǵﶯˡ
ǲûôһŶӣ԰ҪѪ
˵䣬ŷʯǰȡǸ׿ʼϡ
лпĿٴγŻ԰Χȥ
̸ߣ԰ͨԺӵҪͨﶯֻעĿ
סŷ֣طɡ
ҪѹƳ볤̲ô
ϾһƷ󰲲ĶӶףһ£ܵ͵Ǿ͵㡣
á
ŷ
лǿͣ㡣
˴ͤлдŷȥԼԺӺɽ
һƫƧϷڣǴҩۻñʲôֶΣڳڵĹƳ綼԰Ϣȥ
ŷûժϵס
ͬлһԺţȻʵڸô
ԼԺллشŷԼʲô
ŷôһ䣬˵֣𣿡
Ȼûġ
ֱߵлеԺſڣԶԶؼվı⣬лвŷ˵ҸոڲڣΪ
ڸУԼлУ϶ҪҸڹҪ˵ʲôġ
лҪյ£ⶼŵúܡ
ܹǾûʲôΣգҲ쾭塣
ŷĿŵŮһƳ˶ѩŵʳУеƲȫ֤ʵ
վſڲȥǵſ᲻
һ˵ӰԶ֣ԼվԺĽŲԵض˶٣ʱеЩ顣
˶תӶѩùǸʳС
ȰԼġڡϣžñȽе
ŷʱԭԼԺﻭģڻ԰̸ر֪Ҫ̸ʲôҲסˡ
ѱӵһԣԼСȡ˼ĳʹҪţԺ⡣
ֻԭŵ⣬û뵽ŷһˡ
⿴˴ԶͣԼǰֻڽһ硱Ȼֽһŷˡ
û˵Լ˵ģ׼ùø糢ͼŷӻȡһֻƿӣƿǣԼѩǰ˻Ρ
лУ
֪ƿӣոŷͤó
Ƴģǰʲô
ѩǰƿԼǰ˻Ρ
ƿװŵҩ˵ıɫζֲ֪ʲôģŷٶǶе
ˣ
һֻ֣ҪȥԼǰεƿӡ
ŷѪǰһΣȿ˱ѩķӦ֮󣬲Žƿ˻¸ƿ˵û£ˣһȥɡ
һڣö˵ķӦȻͬ
۾͵һ£л̧ȵȡ
Ȼ֪ҪȥʲôطǼŷԼһȥǸȴֹʱһ磡
лп֪ŷҪȥʲô𣬾ȥ
⻹û˵ŷԵӴúܣǰһ˶ҵܣ㲻ȥŲŴں͵͵
˵ڼƻеһʱðھͰһȥƤ¿ţʡóʲô
⿴˵֮Լĸ¶˳˼֮ɫæ˵ҸȥҲңһġ
˵Ϊ֤ԼãеʳУ˵һ˵ģԡ
û˵꣬ŷԷһЦڱŤͷȥʱȥɱ˻ģ㵱ȥ̤ô
⣺
ѩڱˣ৵һ¾Ͱˡ
ʮзִ磬ͬӸŷһȥԼţǾȻҪȥôΣյ£ѩ;ԼҲӦøȥʲôҲܱ⡣
ū澡
ѩſڣתͷʳнظ˵ŷ˵ЦģõԺȥǻٳԡ
ߵҪǲԺĻǾɽߡ
ɽƽʱ˼ֻӶûУɱʲôˣ
ѩعֿ˿ŷЦЦı飬ñ˵öԡ
ӦһǡʳнлеԺ׼ǻ
˵Ҫȥɽ߰ɡ
л޷ֻܴһȥ߰ɡ
ɽߵٶȲ죬Ҳóһʱ˰ɽֻصлдǰεʱ򣬻صо;ͤӡ
⿴ͬͤңңԵǿԼûûݵʱ򣬾һ壬ᰵע⣬Լ뿪ǸԺӡ
ţлкŷͤС
ͤδϸ϶˱һңϻżƬݻƵҶ
лʯʯһӣɨȥĸȻŷ˵ҾȰɡ
룬ʲô
Եŷ˵һáȡ˸ղƿǰιҩƿлУתͤ뿪Լ˵һ
ⲻԵظȥֻƿӱͤС
ŷŶǿȥС
£ͣ½ŲʲôƿҩҪʲôͱŷһ
һ̣⻹û͸еԼ˫뿪˵棬ǰɫһ䣬ٲȵʵʱ򣬷ԼѾ
ŷɿվλȷһ¿лǸͤӵҰ谭վˡ
վԱߣûӦԼô
ŷһֱ¶һʵ
ûʲôԱֻ֮ûذ߱ĴܵһȨһŷ֣ܰһҲڰ֮£⿴һҲҪ˱ӡ
⻹֮У˶ҪȡˣͼŷתͷԼԼ˵š
ʲôʶʣ𣿡
ոյҩŷʾѹƳ
ȻǵһƳ棬ҩ۰ַͬǰЩҩ۰ֻЫһġ
ŷеԼһĿһͼǱΪץסԼӡ
ԼȻʵҪһѹƳǡ
Ǹ棬еͷƤ飬ֻѹǰҪԼϵô죿
Сŷ㻹˱ûУ
ŷĻشͷȻصȻûС
һʱҭ
Լ飬߾ͺ޲ϰٸȵյʱֻһˣŸûʲôõԼ
⻹Ŵ泱ˣԼôȥ磬ŷ˵ҵĹƳǵĶѵãǼ˵ϡҹڹѾеĻľֻһˡ
⻰ŵһĲŷ
ŷĿ߬Լӵָϣһ߻ȻץԼӣһ߹еش֦Ҷ̽ͷȥлУſԼϵƣͤŵлпˣŻ
ⷽ棬лз·Ÿصķġ
ס˱⣬ϵȥ˵ӹﾾİ׮Ů٣ﱻĶҪеĻҲŮԡ
Ůӵ޺ʣںլĿռ䣬Ҳлøߡ
ҲûңںɽŮˣһҵϸλãǾ͹ҵˡ
Ļշµȴ
ܶʱŮ˸СΣյĴڡ
ջĿ⣬Լץŷӣ˿ͱŷԭأἫ˵ˡ
ɢȥϢ߳ˡ
ɽ·ϳһӰתȥȴŷţԶ·˾ܡ
ͤелҲǸɽ·ϹӰ
ֻǸŮŷͬлв⿴ݣϳ
ͨɽɽ·ѭڹƳָ
ȥΪźΪʲôߴеЩɻ󣬵ͤԼлʱס˽Ų
ôܣͤеˣиֳɻ
üûзӦĹƳʱ궯ȴʵģԺɻ廹Ǳǰȥ
ߵɽƽ̨ʱ򣬱άԭƣҲܿ˭ˡ
𰣿
ĸߵĴѾߣȻȫȻƳƣȫûϻˣԳȥֻòš
ŷô𰣿
Ե֮ͤ䲻ʮľ룬ܿߵͤ⡣
лУ޵ɻ󣬱˭ôܹ߶Ƴ档
ӦûдģΪԽߣĹƳþԽ˷ܣӭлеĿ⣬ȫ֯е˿е̬
лп˫۾ƺŵʧƺʲôûУֻµǰˡ
ǳʲôĿͤһɨûмˣȴ˰лֱߵһҩƿ
ǷƽʱֱôһСƿӲõ֡
ڣκε˿ǰ޷Ŵ
ŹƳ˷ܣٿлУȻʶԼٵĲϣҲʹߣǰӡ
õֶδžֱߵƿҩ
ŷƿҩ϶ģŷڣҲ֪ƿҩʲôġ
Ƴ淢ָΥˣȴȻܹƿԼ壬ǡ
Լô˲Ƭ̣Ͼ΢Цл˵ӹȻ˵
лдûҡ
ţ𰱻֮˲ӣ˵ʲôأȻ
л̧֣ǰ򿪵ҩƿ¸ˡ
ĶеԼ˷һ·ָĹƳʱ
лٴ˹صҪ˾Լû뵽һƷ󰲲ĶӾȻ㣬Ƕˣ
𰿴ȥ˵ʲôϵŷȴѾ֡
леƿҩֻǹƳĶ
վˣȡһƿӣ׵һһֻȥСİɫӡ
ȡһֻƿӣƿ浹ҩֻۣӵϡ
⿴ֻȥƽƽĳоҵŤŷӵ´һòܹĺС
ͤΪԼѵŤ
һ̣ͱͷˤڵϣͻʹĲҽ

11.1ʼ
ְСĳŷŤ
Խ, µеҲԽ
ŶëȻ, ֪ǰ, ڵŤҽеʲôо
ţ͸еŷһֻץסԼ, Լ˵ȥˡٴα
ֻһûֱصϣǴһ̤, ˾Խ֮ͤľ, ȵͤǰ
˫ڵϵ˲䣬Ťεͱͻ۾Ҳһ˱С
ҪУ˲ˣ̧סԼ죬һб˺
վԵŷ, ֻ̧˷ץסֻ, ǰҪ
ѵתͷ, ӱʳľʹлеһѣŷ֮ϳǡ
⻹, ŷ
һ, ̾ͷӦΪʲôԼĻл, ΪʲôܹϹƳĶ
ŷĿ, ûؿ
ͷ, ѵת˻ȥ, ȻĽŲŴӵ, лС
лΨһܹץסĸľҪֻܿˡ
ҰסֻΪкʹŤ
ӡеӾҡ⶯Ҫǰȥ
ŷ֣ʲô
ǰֻոֲı飬ٳ̧һֻŵ
ͤУлп۽ǸǶ˶ѪŮԼǰҪץԼ۽ǡ
ӡӡ
𰿸žʹ˵óŷԿŶЩˡ
һԼͷһлС
Ϊ͵ʱ򻹺СһƷѡӵ˲ŮҲ٣ֻҪǵܹʺϳعƳ棬ôСŮҲܹƳֲȥȻΪһƷЧҵٰ͵Ҫ尵׮ĵط
ڶ϶˵ǶˣǵļϸҴСڴܡ类ָ̫ߡʲôûҲû˺κˡӣҲȾҡ
ָûдле۽ǣڴľʹͱøǿңһ֣ڵһţָ⵽ھҵزš
ŷ³Ա߿ȥֻƳ浯øӾҡ
лʯ΢΢ر۾Ĳҽǰý΢
ܿ죬ڵϣֻܷҲȵ
ָǰֳ鴤£˾ûϢ
⿴ŵǰֳ˻ȥ
֮ͤǰŷѾǰ
ְ̧ԼֻҲ鸴ƽĹƳŻƿУ𣬽߽ͤֻֽĹƳյС
άŰŮǰƣŷ
ͬҹڹеǼȣ״Ҳÿ۾춼ŵü󣬷·Ŀ
ǰǼûȥܣڻվű⣬Ҫ˵ֻŵ
ŷţֻƳԺٴȥĶӰ۾춼ˡ
ˡл˵۾ˡ
лΪ̶ϵ˫ۣǰϻ߿Ѫĺۼ֮⣬ѾָߵƽղһŤ𰡣
Ҳͤ˽ʬס
ոĲҽиģϢ֮ǰǸˡ
ⲻһμŷɱˣһɱ˵ַɽһ˸е䡣
Ѿ֪ǺɱˣҲͬƵɱΪ֡
һɱǶˣһҲǡ
ⷴԼǶˣȻջĿ⡣
ˣⰲڴöȫγˡ
ŷժϵס
лпڵڸô죿
һöľȻ𰣬лпʬüⲻˣĸߵĴѾߡ
ˣҪڵĻһЩҰһʧ٣϶ע⵽̶Ҳ֪
վţҲмĬȻ
ǻԺУֻû˿֮λй
˵²ĸ֪
ͷһ̼ܵͻᷢ
ԣûнȫã֪Լ˶ҵİ׮Ȼո˵ʲô¶ûͬһһһܴ̼϶ֻٲ
γӵ£Ҳ֪
ܲóΣҪ֪ˣ׾ͱ˿ߡ
żڴؿŷϣܹʲôİ취ߺ󱸼ƻ
лҲˡ
ϾִҪγӵ˾©ȻҲҪ
õע£ŷ˼Ƭ̣ӻٴȡһֻҩƿ
ϴЩСƿӶװȪŷϴЩװĶ;졣
öóʲôͼеһ㽺״ʣ㵹ϡ
Ƭ̣ȵ㽺״ʸ͸ˣŷ֣ϰ
лпһűߡ
ŷվ˵Ȼôְʧ˲˵ǾҸȰɡ
Ƿ׷ڵİ취ٹվнҪ˶Ҳ顣
Ƥ.߳Լüʱһͻ
ָ̧֣Լң
лУ
Ҫͷˡ
ŷߣ¶˴ЦݣֻͬȥŮ൱Ժӣһʱ̲֣Ҳû˻ỳ㲻ˡ
⣺û뵽ԼǸ뿴Ҫʲô⿴ôһɱˣҪǣ浽Уȥ𰡣
ͷڵϵ𰣬ߣҪ·ܡ
ŷԥֻ΢΢̾һ˵¼ȨʣȻҲҪ
Ļ̧ͷ˿ֿ˿Լĸ硣
Ů·µղɣ̲סΪԼԺиֳĻССЦ
򴽣ͷӦˡ
ߵʬǰҪȥϵ·û̫ϰ
ˣԼҲһֻ꣬ڽ⿪½ʱͣס˶̧ͷվˣ˵ǵȥɡ
·ˣٻ
лбһܲӦǿű򶨵ɫ֣Խζŷ˵ġӴúܡʲô˼
áվŷˡ
ߵŷͬһ뿪ͤӣߵ˶¡
⿴߹ȥ˶תȥ羰ǿǰ𰣬˵Ϣɣ𰡱Ȼϵ£Լϡ
ͬŷ˵һǵࡣ
⻻һѾߵ·һѣûҵ
ڽԼĽϵ׹֮󣬱Щ̣ǰԼ·ˡ
ߴһˡվµ˲ת
ǸոҲûн̸һǰһ߻ͼͤѾѣͷθͶ˸һģһġ
ٿڵϵ𰣬ϴűѡ
ǿڵϵ֮ٿԼ͵ߵʱҪҲֿġ
ϱż´ɽսԼʱ򣬾ЬӶûһֻ
֪ĸоǲܣһԼЬҲ𰴩ˡ
ĿɻվԵŷֱӶˡ
ûǴ˭·ٹƬ̣ϵ·ҲãʬҲãʧøɸɾ
ֻʾⱦͽеƤ..
ⲻ֪մʲôǴʱ򣬲ûоס
ŷƬ֮߾
ⲢûиоԼϻűĶŷ˵ˡرϵ۾վǰˡ
ŷϵɫǶԼ߸ߵոе⣬ֿ磬죬ʵ𣿡
лпԼǰһˣղ۾ʱ򣬼𰣬ֻһڣȻԼģ¶ˡ
лתŷʵô죿
ֻǼٰ죬Ҳǰȫ˵
ŷĴδӻȡһֻҩƿ
⿴Ķǲ˶ֻƿϣ
⿴ȥһģһôŪģ
ŷοƿ浹һҩ
ҩݵǰ˵
һֽӹһʵʲôҩ
ȥԺɤӾͻơŷûа취ѧֻ˺ɤɻȥ
ҩЧһʱ䣬ȵ֮󣬷һҩܹˡ
⿴ҩ
ʱ򣬲Ҳóˡ
˿ҩŽȥ
Ƭ̧֮ɤӣ˵ʱѾɳҵ
ȻֹԼǸðãƵ˵Ȼ㶼Լԭɤôġ
ˡ
ŷ˵Ȼ̧ʾ˴ͤ˳ȥҪ׼ʬˡ
л߳ȷʵڻ԰ãҪʬ𼣾׵öࡣ
ͤվԶԶģŷʬ㵹ʲô
ǰЫӵʬ壬һδðȴǻ棬̡
վ룬öҲЩѪ֯ﱻڻ
ŷҲͤ˳
£ɲϲɻʬˮζ
ʬ屻ȥĴ̱ζɽߴܿ챻紵ߡ
վͤеʬͬ·һʧ
룬Լ´ӴԺͲϲˡ
ϾһԼǰʬ廹ʯǰˮ
ȵͤʬ屻ȫȥð̣ǲߵͤǰ
лпżûκκۼĵ棬˳Ĭ
ǼԺֶΣҪһ˴ʧת֮Ĩȥдڵĺۼ
ŷûö˵ĸпҲԼЩֶչǰĹ۸УȷѺۼɾ֮ͶԱл˵ڻȥɡ
αװ𰣬ܸһߣӦȴӺɽ߲עȥȻŷлȥ
׼뿪ԺԼĶѩ
𰣬ǶѩǱô
лһҲҪαװ⻹ڸļҪѩæԱ˵ȻԺȥɣ¸ᴦ
˸ŵŶӺɽͤ뿪һһ߻ƽʱжӣʶصԼĲߵ̬˼֮󣬽ؿ͸ˡ
ŷлվԭأűƬ̣̬һˡ
黭չֳֹĿȻҲõ˹۲˸ģ棬鷢չԸѼϼܵͻȻԵĻ컹ǲѡ
ͤǰһ紵ʮҶɳɳ졣
ŷ𣺡ԭҪȫЩ
ĻлһתͷŷƬ̣˵ҿˣ㲻һʼôģǲҪΪԼҲˡ
ŷôӣ΢΢һЦ˵ˡ
ӺɽһߣһŸոʱûн˿ǱΪʲôҪԼҪʲôڡ
ȻôѾߣĸ׵ԺһѾҪ飬⻹Щġ
Һƽʱȥĸʱʱ𰣬żƽʱҪЩ£ŴӦûġ
ٲеĻ̧סԼɤӣſǾϢҲɡ
ڴԺǰʱ򣬱⳯ͷһۡ
ѩûջĿ⣬ǰߡ
Ժж٣ߵ԰ʱ򣬼˾Ͷˡ
⿴ӭСѾ߼Լͣȵؽ㡱ƽʱصλӦ㳯ǵ˵ͷ
СѾͬкԺȫûзⶥѾǱˣ̳Ҫȥĵطߡ
һΣ˻ϣһӭǼֵСˡ
һС˷ӭ𰣬ʱ⼸ûͬ飺ˣˣ
ոû¶ڣŷαװԼֶҲ˼ȷȻǰ
⼸С̹ԹԵؽ㡣
ǴĶ
ΪߵĴѾߣڸеĵλʮֵĳȻ
ǴЩСϵıǵ̬ȾͿԿóͬϲ
СѾߵʱ򣬿˵Ϊľˡ
õ𰣬𰣬ƫƫһƷļϸ
ڸеĵλôߣҪǵֺͿȥϢʵټ򵥲ˡ
룬˵û飬ǿ˵ƾ˭֪ǰô£һΪʲôϢȥ
˭֪ϱû䣬ммĹأ
ţ˵컬࣬ôʲô
˵СԭĻһע⵽˱ɳƣǹеصɤôˣ
ûʲôǸȾ˷纮
ЩС˻ͬԼ˵ʲôæ˵ˣһҪȥȥԼ°ɡ

ƼûĹŵ觡ǵĶzhunaoСµĳˬģѾˣң

11.1ʼ
˵ļ, û¶, ⳹װġ
صԺ, һžͱһСѾ߸סˡ
㣡
ͣ½Ų
СѾƵʵȥĶˣôŻ
⿴˿, Ժз˸Ӧ֣ſʵ飬ôˣ
̷ɿ˵
ż, ǰġ𰡱ƽͬûע⵽
ãڳܿͽ˵ˡ
ԭԺԺ, ֵ
ԭܼ򵥣ԺԺСѾߣԭԼҪһݼȥмԺǸ׼˼٣ԺȴæΪԵʣһСѾߵļ١
Ҫһ𲵻أҪžһţôԺֳͬĵȼˣ
ԺСѾǹֵŮ, ٵ, ٵԺֵֶӡ
Ժ˶, ڵһ, ʱ, ºȻưոݡ
߱ͲڸҶ̡
󣬻ֵ
ЩëƤ飬ǷԼĴѾȥܵģ⻹ǳƽʱôá
վǰ۰Ͱ͵
԰ӽվƬ̣ü˼ı˺ֵվʲô
һ̧ͷͼִ˽
æ
ƽʱźܺãһԹȻת˺ָע⡣
ǰַ̧˱ļϣȻ飺ͬ˵ʲô
ѷԼ˵ͬ˵һ飬һĥ͸˽İ취
ͣ˿ԣĴãźָһԼߵĴѾߣЩѰ£ͽ˸
Ȼɺ⣬̻ȥ׼ȥ˵Ĺ˾һˡ
ſ⣬ɤôˣ
ּװһŷ֣˵õˮ̫ˣȾ˷纮ãھͱӡ
˵ţ֣˵Ӳõȥ¹˲
˻ãϤԼĴѾߣҲϤԼŮ
⵽ǰȥ»¶ڡ
һ˵ֹȻ˵Ҳûʲô¡
˾æγޣԣҲúķѶ
ͱˡֵҪĻһ˵ġ
л㰡ý㡣⳯źֵлȻЦͬƽһ֫嶯Ծ¶Լϰߡ
ֱô֣һ㶣ֵ˵ͬҿʲôȥϢɡ
˺ְæܹڷظԼĸֱ棬԰Ȼضȹա
Ժŷ뿪ûдκˣҲûвɣĴڣǸҲ
޾Ͳˣϣһ©Ҫ
һرһظѣȹһأǱĹؿ
ţָ̧ԼС˶ΪѾһӣʵϲûС
ûȻΪŭͬ󶨶ʹȥҲͬ˺֮ܶǡ
ңƾڵĺӣܶ¡

ҹϨ˵ƣԭ㵽ȥҹСѾһͼѩѾˣǽѩ㡱
ѩϵı죬ת˵ղţҪʲôҲűȽ֪
СѾĻӦһſͬѩһȥˣԺﶼûмҲûȥ鷿ﻭԭΪ
˵ҪҪҸһţ
ѩֵãȥɡһ˵һ߰Ƴš
ˣѩŻص䣬ڴϳʵһ˵俴ȥ
ǴϻͷڳΣýҪ󴳽ȥˣƽƽģһ©ڡ
ԼӵԺűһ͵ȵӸŷˣȴ˱⣬֮ǴӸץһƷļϸڲܴݾߣԱȥðǸһƷļϸȥˡ
ѩţֻ鱦ӦС֪أôҲͣ
ӣֻͬͣһζڣѾʮˡ
ѩֻ֪ԺڰһѾߣȻֻѾЩҲģӦòʲô⣬Ժʱ䡣
ţ̲סģʱϽعȥܹ
ǵĶѩʱͦ졣
岻ΪڣʹָȻͬΪĴѾߣ֮ȴûдǰҸѩľϵ
ֶͦõģⶥֵʱ򣬺ֻΪҩ¡
ⱻ˿ҩķº󣬻ϸϸѰĶûҵͬһƷϸйصƷ
ЩǸͨѾߡ
ױǰžԼϵߣ
ŷ߹죬ڱȻûκε覴á
ǵȵժߣʵݸ֪ˣһԾ
סҲһʱɡ
ʱٿȻγա
ĽѾͣ棬ӭǲõľͲǰ̧Σֻһ̧ɫСΣδϲ֮ǰһһݱ̫
ΪǰЩӵһıףڳ޵ҲûôӲˡ
ûţźת˵Ӵⴵֵϲ֡
̧СЩױͬһȥҲȥ
ԭӦûԼʲô£źִţȻҪһȥġ
վԭأնΪϵĺ־˹˵ôû
һ㶣Ҫȥ
ֿ˵ĪǲͿˣҪȥʮӿӣˣ
˳֮Ůڼʱ˳Ϊ׼ʮױⶫʮ̾һ
̫ܿͽеĴȨУֱȥ̨ɽޣƹŸеĴС֧ļױԼ˽⡣
Ҵҵ󣬲̰ϱЩױ
սұ±֮ͷ磬ͷôĿҪԼʵڸǾͽԼ˽⽻ԼĴѾߡ
ֲһʼ͸ߵġ
ߵѾ̵֮߳ĹӣһǶѩס
ʣµ̾ͽÿ¶ȥˡ
õʱҲͬһȥֻγޣΪĸҲҪȥԽȥǶʮӵʣֻܱһȥˡ
һ˵£еһӦҺǰĸѧܼµʱԼû͵ЩԼӡ
ƾŹĿı죬ôĽ¾û˱֣ҪȥҲû⣬ҵͷȥЩÿҲͼһΣԼǰϳ
ԺѸٵظֳʮ̵ͣڵλãйճһ·ͼ
ǹôԼչȥǱӦҲӭˡ
˽취ͷź˵ǲͿˣýѡ
ҩҲúתɤӣֻ˵ҩЧ˳ȥҲȥҴƣﵢ飬СӦѾںˣȥɡ
۾һԭԼҪôȥԭⶼѾźˣʱ˵ȥҲȥ
ֶһͷȳԺţںҲ˳ĺȥ
ԭճȥ⣬СС˼ݵӦŵŵģǽγޣǱ֣Ҫӭ׵Ķ飬˺󷽡
ǰĺųȥǵȵûؿ֮·ˡ
ޱ֣߾࣬˶ǰȥΰݱ𳤱ȻϽΡ
ӳĺ߳Ȼһͣ
ССڳԯϣתͷһˣһţϱ㣬ˡ
õˡ
С˵û¡ĿڱտյɨȻɻؿ
㡣ʣأճȥ˲ô˱𣿡
µÿγȥӦȡ˱ϣװϻġ
ֲֻ𰣬ҲֱһǿԿף֪ҪĶȡ˱˵ղش˱
˵Ƶǰȥкԭص꣺ôҸȥ𣿡
СعæǡֻţЩװŪҪȥⲻ˱ҪŻһ
˳ԯ̧һ˵ݡǰ
ǵĳͷͬŵȸ෴ķ򣬱Ե˵ȸֽ̫֣߱ĵȥ
˵ġ˾ͱܹǱߵ֣Сһ·˳سųǶȥ
ĵһڳֵͷǼҳӣͷĲ϶ж˵Ĳϣֿ̼ƽҲ
ͼ̶ʱѾ˺üˣȻⲻ
СҲվ˱ߡ
ӵƹ챾Ѿڵ⣬Ŵ׼ʱվȻһЩԭˡ
£ͼǵӰ̰Ĳϣͷӭ˳Цصˡ
СԭȴתͷԼ˵ͷţҺܿͳ
˲˱ò˶ٹǰԶˣҪʱ䡣
СӦһűƹ˽ȥ
Ƭ̣Žżڵϻ˻ԼЩſ˵·ˣ˺Щ
ڽӴЩ˵̴žž죬š𰡱ǽȥҪòܳʱͼոЦѡ𰡱ӭȥƹɫЩףһֲ̧麹һǿЦ
յƱѾУһվֱСǰ˵߰ɡ
˳ԯųӵƹ˵Ԭƹذɡ
Ԭƹվԭأ΢΢͵ߡ
ȿԼǰ뿪ǰ漸׵һǰͣ£ԬƹֻһѺ
ԹԣĿҲкЩˣһʼǸ׿۵ģ淢ǰŪã뵽ֱøأ
һݶÿ֮ǰľˣֻ˵½ȥƱȻһ䣺ԣôǰʱһɰ룿
ҵĺùԬƹһʼȥӵĽҲһֱƽȵģнˡ
һ˵ţһ׼õĿѾһССֽţէһûʲô⣬ʵϷֺ֮͵˼Ĳͬ
Ҫ˱ϸϸŲĻ˷ҲҪһʱҳ
úܣôʱţ
û뵽˱óϵŮȴùȥһݣĿָ˼ֽŵĵط·Щ˱ȫؿһǺĸĶǰСΡ
š𰡱ɳƵĿһܿȫˡ
Ԭƹ亹ֱðʼԼǰΪʲôҪͷȥһɰ롣
վ˵ʱǲҲϲЩС
ڽ˵ʱ˵ˮ㣬ǲ̫ʵӦһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ҳâ̫¶ֻλԬƹ˳ʵӵǴúܡ
ѸյĿˣԼϣ˳
ЩֽŵĿ˵Լȥ֮²Ӱλȥ
ȿű˲Ҷ̣ԬƹʮЩ˴㶯ֽţֻЩԼһ겻
ڶ̣ͬһִܿ
СյһôҲˣڶҵҶһѵˣûдЩˣͷƹǽ棬´һ
ûʣǴӵһҺܿһңõʱ䲻ƽһ롣
̧ͷһ̣ȻǼ¥
һûСˣԼôһ磬Ҳˡ
ǶĲ¥
Ŀ˳ƽҲвٵʿӡ
ڳǶĲ¥ѵͣɬʿҲܹ͵ǮȲ裬ʳǽµ˵˵顣
˿ߵ֣ߵ¥Ĵ߳һƬо̬үүǰ˵Լ̬յòãֻ֪ģ±˵ıʴ
طͺܲȻͷˣͿԵǶĲ¥۲۲ʻ䣬뻭
¥´ֵǽϵˣʼˡ
Сԣ׻ȥһģֻŽżû˵
ˣӺɰӸһˣˣȥһ档
Сһϲ⣬û˼ñǮֻ˻ȥԼܳȥˡ
ת¥ʲ¥Ļƹ¥Ļϳ˵ƹںԺء
ű¥ŵĺԺߣǽյǰͷһƹģˣ
һƾͶ˵롣
뿪
߽ȥ
ӹĵطһڣ۾һʱЩӦ谵Ĺߣ֮ܿ󣬾ͼһ˱Լվڴǰ
ͦεΣϵţǲ¥ƹ
еصͷŵϿȥֻ¥ƹ۾ڵϡ

ʽ

11.1ʼ
һΣ˱ͷ
ĵһӦطųȥ, ȴסٶ
ǰ, ȷԼûм, ɳȥ֮⣬˵, վ̬뵽һˡ
ڡ
Ƕˡ
һƷǣ
ת
ʱ򣬾ͬͷ
ⲻǵһˣͬʱ, й¶ȥ˶Ϣ
£ݵƺûڵһʱϳ˭
ñԼҲܹɻء
ֻϧ֪һƷ˼ʲôͷ, ϾŷҪĿڸﲻ˷ʧ, ûдǱһƷĽͷص
ǰ߰, أ
ǸӰûзԣ
⻹ûøʲôžٴα򿪡
һ, ԭΪǸոյĻȥǻͷһȴǸ̴ӡ
̹θߴ, ûڵϵƹһ۾վ˱ԡ
ϡ˵Ѿ׵
ʲô׵, С
̹û˵, վǶҲֻһͷ
Ȼڽ, ôԼҲ
, Ҳڽеϡ
ڿȻһֵľٶ
һָֻ֣£һ̧ڽȥֲ֪Ҫʲô
վԭأЩؿ֪ηӦ
ڵĿͣϣ֮Ҳֻ֣żȻڵΣ
˼ô𣬻ؿڵûæŮ֮¡
һѳζ֯䣬һ߿ڴǱ߹Լǰͣס˽Ų
֪ʲô취ԭͫɫڸǣͬһһĺɫ۾
ţеһѹȸС
Լ˵ȴ֪Լ˵ʲô
ȵ֪ͣ£վǰڲſڵúܺáûȱһʵ㲻𰣬˭
⣺ҡ
ڶ߶ܡ
⻹δüӦھ֣ѸصѨ
ʱ˶ԭأܶ
ڿղ̹һЩ
ǰ˴ġ
ٻ˹Ƴ棬ǰ𰡱ȴû˿Ӧ
̧ǰŮ
ǿ޺ۼĲ֮£ַһҵӴ
ȻܶȴԸоָԼĲϴĴС
۾Ʋסس·ȥǲ߱ڴԼϽ
ȵȫչ¶ڶǰʱڵиֳһ˿⡣
漴ֳָһ˿򣬼̶תΪء
ָһգӱժ߬У̹ȥɣ鳷룬Ǳ¶ˡ
̹Ӧһǡ̴ȥ
ɣ֣뵽ߵǸŮ
ڽ룬ǽﳷ룿ŮǱʲôط
ϧûܵҲûܵ취ʱ䣬ǰ˾ٴת
⿴һ̧֣ȻеԼľһʹžʲôҲ֪ˡ

ŵƽʣ졣
ǰŷӭŮˣôһ֡
λŽӣһӭıͱǰҲûٶ٣Ĳͬ
νױ磬ȻϾһһֻǳΪĲΪм䷢ô飬еڴ벻֮һεĻҪŨҡ
еԼǰ߿˽š
ߵǵĽţԼġ
˵Цϲλӽѹеŭӽ˳
ɫ̺Ӵӽſһ̵ֱţԭȢӦŽģڹʮָӣԭĲƵš
ӣһǰǶǱӣֻľٶѾΪѩУȴʮ
ֻǲѣõ̻ڣЩıͣǰԼʲô
ĸ˵Ҫ̣֮ǰ檣Ҫ󶼿ԣ첻ķ⡣
վԼɷȻһϲﱳ߹˺̺
죬ǰıͬأӡԣϲϲǰղӭӭλ
ţׯλһף⸣ɷˡ
ҲͬأŮޣӵɣоΣ
΢΢һЦΪ˸ףĵȻŮ޵ˣνӣҷġ˵ſվԵ
ɣѾүĳ
ĻЦ棬˵СԵ
ѩĻάЦݣȴҪӳá
룺ˣɵĲ˵ֻŮҲֻ檡ǰϲϣܹݵ󽫾
ֻϧЩҲ˵ֻ롣
ſϲıϣܹǵĻ
仰ϱҲֻĳϣȢԼ֮ǰڲŵ˵ġ
ͷתЩ˵
һأ͵ϰϰߡ
ǣһεȵ̩ޣүɾǼ죬
⻰˼ڳ˶ղЦ
һŮ޸ӣһξ͸Ů޸Ļˡ
ԭлΪϱӳǰ¶γ
Z
ľԵˣ
վſ̣ѩвˬڸͷɫ
չĵĺʣһ
Ů޵ܴˣȻվﱻԣǾȻܹһΪӵɣʮ֪㡣
ţҪү裬ʾб
ѩ綼ѾϣŵλϲϹԱѾ߷˲衣
ŸŸͷˣϵж˭˭ǡ
ڹӹģϴŵöѪӣϴŵǰӡ
ȷ˹ߵΣұߵǣһ豭Լ裬ֻ֪˭˭ӣȽеĲ衣
һᣬڸͷ̲סǣŸͷĶϵȴûٴαͼɵƸò
ͲӣĿ᲻֪˭˭
ȥеĲ豭Լɫ
ںȹǷĲϣȻȥеĲ豭
еõʱΰʹס˱أûһ¾ö
͵͵Цһߵˣ˭Ҳû
Ц֣豭ˡ
Ų豭ξĲ裬һĻȴѩС
ΣĿͬϣϳݡ
֪лβǰֵģ
ھأͿʼˡ
Ժתѩ硣
ǹλѩĲѩȺˣȵξʱѩ翴ŵĲ豭ԭһɨȥ
ôĿŵظһ
ǰⶥŸͷŮӣŽվٷһԺ󡪡
ͷûйȥָ⿰豭͸еŲ豭ֻһӳ
ⱭһӳǱȥĲˮ㵹ϡ
ڸͷ¾һȲõֱʱ˺졣
֣ץס̵ֻ֣ʵû°ɣ
û¡εӸͷ´صһʱûȣ¡
㡪ѩĻòվ
û˵ʲôأŮ˵ȸ״ˣ
⻰ʲô˼ǲŪ
Լûúã
ҲιģԼոûȺǱ裬ⷴôһ
ˡſε֣ѩ˵ˣξһֻҲûˡ
ѩ磺
˭ûˣ
ܵؽԼ֣̲
Ѿ¶һٸѩ羴裬һ˳˳
ѩĲ豭ϣӦǳˣλ͸õȥţѡȥЪ£Ժ
ѩվ׼˿ʼϯ
û뵽һ뿪ӣ˵Ȳæſ硣
ߵǰǶ
ԥһ£Ͷ˵ʢ飬ǹ
ٴ˵롣
Ÿһ˷ѩŵλϡ
ʶʲô
ӹȻĻ
ȢǷޣͨ˼ҳɻһҲҪһءݸá޶԰ݣɡ
ǽӭһ˼檣һòϵġ
ƫƫλĸʮǰŮˣܸݳ񣬵ȴ©ڶݡ
ոֱ˷ŹԭλӸͷҲƳԼԹ
ϱѾⱲӻΪĲҲΪƣǵڼⷬٶεȴǷһ˿⣬ͺֻصϱӣǳǶʱ
ȲıҲǶˡ
θһϵ˲裬⸸ĸõĵڶ֮˲硣
αŮӵϷŻԼԺӡ
ôһţԵغ
Ȼģһ㣬Ҳӡ
ѩһֻܽò㷢ڿĸĸ뵽ϣͬһ裬βÿҲ֪ѩϵıжྫʡ
ĵһ̣ȻӮƯƯ
ŸоԼصԼϤĵطɵƿһС
ŵԺϱߣԺǰһƬɫ÷
Ҳɺϣһ޸ѡԺҲȻУȴǹãҲõһ
̤Ժ̧֮ԼĸͷǰϤľ󣬸˼ܹ°ѿһеʵС
Ժפ㣬˸ͷԱҲûв۵ҪϽͷ£ҡ
γ޴Щ޵ѾߣϸѡģɿãϸҲʮ
һǰԳĹûа׷ѡ
Ϥľɫ۵ףٿԼЩϤæŽԼǷļױһذⷿЦݡ
ûٽͷǻȥǶߵ˵߰ɡʹԼķ䡣
ıͷҪǣҲҪŻ
ɫĸͷ˴ϣȴûڷ
ͷеļױȷǱⷿתֻǰԼѾ߹ȡ
Ѿ߶ʮһ磬һȷϵС㣬ȿ𣿡
Сˣ󰡣Ӿͺˡ
ǵķ̣еԼʹڱһ
Ҫ۾ʱͻȻɣ顣
һ۾ڸԼŵŮأ
Ѿĸ޵Ѿߣԭŵ˶һɾ֮ģ˷żɣûԺаæ˷ǵûȥѰ䣬ϣ뿪ԽԽá
ǵȵڣͿԲһ
˺ð죬ڵȵˣ˱һһ˵֪أһʼԺģһת۾Ͳˡ
԰С㡣һһ˵һҩĽСߵˣȴĲ֪أСĴأúõСļױܡ
ǵĻа
Լ˻ݲݵش˺ɫϲЬȥ
֪˲֪һʱ
ɣһڣгǶŮָ֣˿ڣվԺгеģģ㵽ȥˣ
ԺѾ߶ڿվԺѰĵӰӡ
ûӦԺеķ䣬һһȵƿų濴
ҵĻ
β룬ԼĴϲ֮գŮܳȥԼʲô鷳
һ˼䷿ţûͷҵˣһʱԭҲûбϣһ򿪣ǸſϵӰʱξһ͵
ſŵĲɣ飬˭
ŮˣеĲʱֻ
ðȻ͵ץ˸ţ
ǿγɣ߹ȥ֮Ҫȥԥһ£ջļͷȻҡ£ʲô
ԭΪԼҡ£ɣ̬ĿѵؿԼ
û뵽ҡ£ſϵ˾ǳ¾ɵеת仺̧ͷԼ¶ִž˯ãȻ
С㣿οȷǰվŵԼԺ¶˿ĵЦݣеС㣡ô˯˺ܾС㣬ôż£
һ⣬۾ضβſڣȷϰؽ֣ģ
⴩Ųĵ·ŲĵãȻǰģȷʵǴɽǴ֮ͱ滻˵Ĳġ
Ļɣأأ
վڷתʱ򣬴ĺţͽϯҪõ߲˵İ峵ϣһ·Ҳɣ档
ȵ峵һתǣͿˣͲ˵ĶһʮŮ

11.1ʼ
ɣ뿪, Ļ, ԾһʱûдʵзӦ
֪ɣڽ, ΰѲԼ˽ġ
˲ļ֮ȷļЩ, ͣɽʱ
֮ôһʱ䷢ʲô£ȫǵá
Ҳã룬˵ڹȥ
ȥϢɡ
ڷл˻, ˴ȥϢɣʱ뿪ǽԼһ׮ĸ󻼡
ѹЩͷ
ȻĲѾ, ⶫŮҲˣǾԵʲôûзȺ˴ûгϹϵ
ʣµ, ǵȴˡ
ŵ, ˵˲, ôһƶʵ, ᵣġ
β⣬֪վ㲻ȥѩǶҲԼ
˾ˣ޲, 檲͵, ͵͵š
, Ҳ͵ŵǸ

Ͳ˵İ峵, 任òŵɣͬһֱߣߵũļſʱûиŽȥٴϢ˶飬ЩŰ峵ŵ˺ҲûԶôһŮʧ
һӣٴ߳ʱòٱ䣬·ˣ̬Ҳˡ
һ΢΢ŽŵŮŸһȳһյеһ˼ȥ
ǻ˼ҿȥ׼Զţһͣſڡ
˼Ѿ
ս˽Ů״̷ɿس
Լİ˺ļϣԼܵǰһţ˾˳ԯ
Ըϳһ׳ĺӣȥĬԡ
ŮԺһۣ˽ŮһЦݣ˵ʱͬȻ𿡣
˵磬ˣ߰ɡ
ⱻ꺺ӳƵӦһһݡⵥƥŵʹӸſڻ뿪ȴҲϡ
һ·ʻ˳š
ʱ䣬ǳǵ˶ˣڳԯԶԶؿųŵķ򣬳رкЩԺĺ¹Ա
ʱ侩жϽϳ˼Ҳ⣬ֻڿ쵽ǰʱ򣬶ų˵һӣǵſˡ
洫һԣȻλṫӵ˵á
ڳǰͣĴ󺺸ڳԯϵ˽Ůˣץסͷǣ
ǵġһ洫ԡ
˼ҵƺãĵصš
Ƭ֮ӱƿһλṫӴ̽
òֻϣϵʳһǶˣڼȴҪ뿪У˾Щ֡
˵·ȥ֪֮Ϊʲôˡ
·ʵﻹˣ
ǣˡĹ˵ˣĵȴû͵ŵӣ岻ãô˼Цˡ
һ˵ţһƿ
˹ȻŵﴫһҩζѰҪЩĳһٸ
ڲ죬ѾźıӣԵԽСϵĲҲԵԽ㲡
ƿӣзԵȫûзӦ
ʱԱվŵļԺԱҲ˹
æõһԣԹĺ¹Ա˵ˡ
ṫӿλԺĹԱͬеһЩţǶһ񣬽һˡ
ԺԱĿɨṫӣǺηʿҪȥӲأҽ࣬㲻ھΣҪȥ
⣬ṫӶһһشˡ
ע⵽ӵṫһĿһӵϣ鰧ʹȻӸܺá
ո˵岻Ҳֻ˵ˣŵŮǰˡ
ԼӣȴΪӲؾҪ޸еͬ飬ҲüԺĻ
ûиûмˣʱˣҪʵϸ
ϧͬҲ˵ֻܵȵԺĹԱĻҲû⣬ˣ뿪Ŷṫӵ˵ͷ°ӷ¡
ʱȥ·ҲˣԼĳ˵һû⡱ͽ·ṫУΪǷС
ṫӱлֻصϣϳĳĬ󺺸˽ŮҲص˳ԯϣʻӴ򿪵ĳųȥ
뿪˳ţŽʻȥ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ŀһӣ˯ǰı⡣
ŷҪ׽û뵽ļƻᱻǰʶơ
΢ҡУȻŷʲô취ϢذǰڱܵĳûоԼȡеĹƳ棬벻ôͻ뵽ñð𰡣
ǲôģЩƳ׽ִʲôûˡ
һ뵽ʱ׷ٵԼȴԼѾ뿪ҲԼеʱھʮڴŷϻʲô顣
ɣ̹뿪ȻڱܣӦİš
Щһб޹ʹʣøûбֵĶӣ֮ͻǱȥ
Ѿ㹻ʱ䣬ʱ̤Ϲ;صȥˡ
һڱܲǼԼĳˣŷν棬˼֮⻹иջ
ǻᰴҪİ͹ģΪлеߣص֮󣬺Ǹı
-
ϯһֱҹ뿪ʱɫѰ
һͳһ˳ˡ
ӵԷĴְ̧ļ
Ƶȶȣתͷ
º͵ֽ̧ԼϵȻ˵֪Ϊʲôġ
Ǿڵһյˡ
ͷ𣬶Լ˵ôĺӣмЩˣҲô׾ܹȫµġ
үԼ˵ں
ʧЦһŮޣʣһܸоҲ˶á
֮Уؽ˽ӵ֣˵ڸУȻȥͽ
˵ͷ˿ܾնûôһ˵һֱŷ˵Լæʲôأ
ҪǳˣûճߣڸйԹԵشҲˣЩˡ
һ˵ҲûмŮˣĥСѾͷǲǲˣôҲû˹˵һŶ˵ȥǾȥԺ￴
Ӧһá¿˷ϡ
һ·͵͵ţԶŵƽʵȸϵһԻ͸ۡʻȥ
صУȻŮȻϵ·
ױǰɺźţͷ۵ժĿھп˿ΧջһˣվԼĺ֣ķ纮û𣿡
Żûдáһ˵ţһ߽ϵηŻϻھ˵ǳȥնʮӵˣҪӦ˲ǡ
˵Żȥ⡣˵ֵ֮ȥɣûˣˣķ纮ô׸Ⱦ
ЦʾСѾ֣Լֶ˵ūȥ
ӣķ⡣
ͷûƣôϢôȻ̧ã𰣿˯𣿡
ûôһþͳ˿
˽µĹտ밵ӡ
ӵûлϵıӻ۵úúõġ
ˡ
վſڣôܵʱ򶼻ûл
棬һСˡ
Сʵֽ㣬ôˣ
ֶ˵ȥһСûУ
¡Ǯׯ
صǹʯٴδ򿪣ŷλһһشĹС
Ŀεϣһƴϻӣ˵ǰеϻӵ
ΪڣҲҪĶ档
ŷֽӹһɳƣյˮδȫעһϻУԼ˵ϻֻ֮ҪŷɳȥͻԶѰĸƵˡ
ŷĿϻϣ˼˵ֻҪѰߴֻӷųȥȻϻеӳ仯֪ںδ
˸ĳնۼһǾ˵Ҫҵ˾Ǹ
ӳϻеľͬɳȥĸɱһ֪˲ŷλöԶ֮
λˡŷӵ÷֪в˶һƷĸϢ׷٣ҪڽӴ˿죬֪ķλ˶
ϻǰĶˣ׷ٵľƣ
վߵ׷ٷΧֻھ֮ڣԴҪѰһǵģվڸߴֻӷųȥȻߴһ˶Էپ׷ٹȥ
ŷף֪ˣλ˺úϢ
һתӴ˴뿪һԸԼĹºúչλˣŴŷǰĵߴ
ھߵĽǻʹĹ¥
ٸԺ򽻵ŷܹٳ֮ıԵ˶һŷҪϹ¥Ҫ֮æشӦˡ
㲻ӦλҲѾ¥ˡ
ŷҪκ˵飬ЩԺԱ¥Χ˸ʵʵһװ׼ȥ׽Ҫӡ
ĹԱԱ߶̲סҪ
¥ӭɪ硣
ҹվĸߴžдƻֻ׳Ҹߴʤ֮С
ֻûжԵɼŷȴߴֱ֮óϻӣȻ򿪡
ǰ˶Գӣаֻ˫ᣬ·ȴѾá
ϻӵĸһ򿪣ֻӾ̷˳ȥɢҹУźǰУʣµİֻϹͺͺֻϻеӳԭƳһȦ
Щӷɳȥ֮󣬺ܿͿˡ
ŷĿעϻУӳϻϵϸ緢˿˿ߣϻӵĵײǺɫģϵ˿ǰɫģڰ׶ԱΪһܿЩӳڸȥ˶Զ
һʼǸϻеԲǵȾģǺܿ˲ͬЩԶЩý
ҲΪԭҲΪɳȥЩĸѰĿ꣬һʱ޷ȷڸǻ
ǽأϻеĳӶû
ǷŷɳȥЩĸڿдתЩҲϵ˿ϻת
ŷüš
¥£ŷ뻹ͷϷ常ӰںڰƣӦñĸҪ
ԭΪλƳ׷ٳܹܿҵǸһƷͷټû뵽常Ϸȴһֱάͬƣ漴ʧ˺
ŷһ㶣Ŵ洫ĽŲ
ŷ˺ʧ󣬺ܿʹӹ¥ص˵ϡ
ɼԺĺ¹Աŵ˳ɫһƬīˡ
ŷӭڳȥŷ
ĹԱǼкس֣漴ִҴҵ뿪ãȻ
ŷŷ˳ԯ常洫˵Ѿھˡ
Ѿھˣ
ŷȻԷǶ֮ǰõϢ뿪ǵģ
ǵĲͷβϢƽһжá޷졣
ӹһսŷ常Ӧȥʹ𣿡
ŷȴȥ
̹һնͬû뿪ܵıʹһҲڹܴʶ֪
ŷŴȥʹݣȥأ
ŷҲ˼š
ڴӾ뿪ǲǱⶼһĽ
ڴܣǻ᲻ͣƻ
壬ΣԵĶŷʵǶԼơ
һ뿪ôʣЩڴܵĲвͲΪǡ
ŷǷӦõȥ
̧⣬һ̾ӵ˵常ӡ
ŷһƿ˳ԹϵлУɫƽƽµˡ
лŷ
ŷʻԺվǱķ
һƬأߵĴѾڰճȥԺһֱûл
ȥңҲֻҵͬһȥСˣ֪Ϊκ˾ƣڸľһֱſţ˯ڡ
ҹȥϰҪ̣֪ôˡ
Ϊһ飬ԭҪȥԺ￴Ůֹס˽Ų
ֻл𰲻Ϣ̴ӺԺǣȥ¡Ǯׯ˸Ժŷ˹¥ִҴҵظϹ
Ը˵ʧٵֻ𰣬Ƕ˵ȴˡ
ĴѾߣѾĺɽϱŷûʬˮˣڲǰڻı⣡

¸ʽ

11.1ʼ
, ŷлУʲôʱ򲻼ģ
леҪĸȥǶ˵, վͳȥˡ
ȥ, ÿһεĹ̶г̣Ҫ, Ȼǲƴǵġ
ѧŹܼ£ЩĿҲʮ˶֪Ŀı£Ҫպ, Ȿʲô⡣
ŷ⣬ԭΪñ𰣬ڸжһǿԲ˵Ŀֻ, ҲǱ
һЩڰתĿ꣬Ҳ벻׵˾Ǳ⡣
ͬ𰽻ֶǹƳ棬ûйƳ档
յЩϢҲᱻʹߵڶĵطȥ
û뵽
ڳлˮصҸ׸ĸڻ֪ʧٵ¡
Ĺע㶼ϣȫ׽һƷ, , ԼǷ˶һƷ, ԼԺѲǰδеϡ
һʧ, һʱ뵽ľǶ˶, °ˡ
ΪߵĴѾߣ֪˶ࡣ
Ǹǵѡ
л˵ֿ꣬ŷҷȥ¡ǮׯĹ˵¥ʲôѾҵ˷׷ٵİ취𣿡
Ļŷ̧˵ԣλ˽Ѿó˷׷ٹƳİ취Ĺ¥Ǿǵģȥ׷λθ䡣
׷ٵ
ŷɫлѾµ˽
Ŀһʧ֮¸ڳϹϵĻͻøӸӡ
ʧ٣Ƿ֣мʱ䣬ԷܿѾ˾С
һ˿ϣˣҵ𣿡
ŷûж˵ѣûС
Ļشлеĳ˹ȵס
ǰԽԽ
ҹ֮󣬱ӦȻȴô
н΢΢ҡУŷȻӦǽߵġ
仰һ˵̧꣬ڳԹ̶Ľû¡
лһǷ漴ι̵ĳϳһڡ
Ӻ˴ߣ壬ڴߵŷˡ
̴ȥţŲӽ翪ʼŹرգӳųȥˡŷ򴽣飬֪ŷϰߵǸǴ˭ѧģСѰΧصϣŮһŮŮһУ䲻
¼ķԸӦһǡڳҹвȥ
ѸɽһӾܵ˼Զ
ºϣٴαܱռ̵ӡ
ļƻӦκ⡣
ЩУҲûһὫѾ֣Ҫ׽Ϣй¶ȥ
лдʧٵϢͽȱ©һˡ
ŷƶھαװʶĶӱγ飬Ҳʶ˶ӱγʱ֮ûоΪŷֱЩǣȡ˹Ƴ档
а취ȡƳ棬ѵ취׷
ĸƶһƷ˵ʮҪ׷ĶͨƳܹΪҪˣܹͨصİ취ݳϢȥǰڹڣԼ˸̹˫صôһ֡
ȻڲܽԼϵĸתƳȥǾǶ˵ͲǾ֮ء
ŷľٶлҲ뵽һ㡣
⾹ȻǱһƷθߵģŷϵĹ߻׷ٲ
˿̣лֻеޱȺڣͲôӦñݡ
Ӱ쵽ڣѾ뿪˺ܳһʱ䣬м䶨Ȼٸıαװı·ߣŷɳȥܹ׷ǵļʺС
лпڵ˿ʧ
Ļû˵꣬ŷ͵ᡣ
˶ţһʱ
ŷΣգڲᡣ
Ļ£ͣ
ոһ󼲳ۣȿ쵽ʱſʼٶȣʱͣ£ڳڵȻƲסǰ΢΢
常
ŷ˵ˡ
ŷл˵ҪԺ㣬ȥ
ŪģŷףлҲ⡣
ȴ
һǰһлȥŷƥҲŷߵĽﵽ⡣
ү
лҴҵسȥߵСſżصˡ
һүӭү
лͬŷһߴҴҵߣһ߶ԼС˷Ըȥүŷˡ
ǡСһ㶣漴Ӧһӿٶȥˡ
ܵǰʱԺУʱСһȥ⣬׷ʲô£Ϊλھ
ŷ˵ʱͣʻַͷʹһֳŶͷѯСЩϸڵҲ۾
˵ŷĻô˵»ء
ŷûã͹ˣ˵ʮа˾ǸһƷйˡ
֣۾
ԶߵС˵ãͬŷ˵鷿
үſڣ̧һֻ֣˵ȥϢɣ齻ͺˡ
ڶѾΪ¾Ҳûá
ǹŮļѾûмˣȵʱҵʬǣҲΪúᡣ
ĻҲ֪Լûܰæĵطǵ˵ͷ
״ŷĵش뿪Լ鷿
˴ʱ֪ҪǾĵĻֹˡ
ص鷿ŷŴСʳĻ
ÿµȥʱСһֱͬһȥģͬһСļ˽һȥ⡣ǰżСĶͷ㣬ʮǳǶĲ¥ƺ£ûȥƹģǴС˶¥ٽֵĴ˿ͷ֡
СļˣϷ۲ȥ㿴Сĵ˼СľȥҪСӣСû˼ӣ̲סܳȥˡϣСĿһϷöӶˣǮȥǼҾҪС˸ơ
СƽʱȾƣǱЦҲ볢ƵζǼҾĶǳˮƣСҲģ²ȾƵ˺ȶһҲСľһ߳ԲˣһߺȾƣˣϷֹˣǰ̲ס࿴ۡ
񣬾͸еԱײСһ£ɴСʹҲ˵㡣СĻͷȥѾˣСҲû⡣ȵˣϷһߣСİʣµľƺ꣬;ԼʮҾһ˵һһӾˣֻ˯һſ˯ˡ
Լȥڵֵ֮ȴȾƣҾ֮ŪͬԼһ£СҲǷǳΡ
Ҫʣͽǵõ¶ϸϸ˵һ飬߶÷ˣҲϸڶ˵ʮ
ǴľƣȷʵǺ󾢲ǿˮơ
ʹߵˣȷһ㡣
Ƕ¥ĹƽҲϲǸơ
ȥʻҲ˵ԼһСãһߵŻ˵Ѿ˵ģҲǺ;ͷ˯ˡ
ǾϰսӴˣʮûһС¥һġ
ǳھϣǳھľϣǶȵľ⡣
ֻϧСûǸײ˳ʲô¥ĹҲ˵Ȼ
ھǰʣҲʲʲôˡ
ţСӸŷӰ⡣
ϸոһЦݣδͼԼС˽ȻһԲԼǰ¡
ֻϥڵϣ÷Ƶ
ж
һվԼĶӵʲô
ɹڵϵлȴûжֻԲԲûп˺á
Ļɻ󡪡
ôˣ
ⲻǺö˶˵ԼԺ
ŷʱŴ˽һɻһͬǵǸ޹أдˣҶԲү
˵ոտŶӵıǷôŷĻɻء
ûִڽжǿŷʵŷ⻰ʲô˼Ϊ˵ԲжΪʲôᵽãôˣ
£ûȥŮԺ
ǵŮӦúõشţΪԼĻ
Ƿʲô£
ŷվ鷿УԼ֮鶼ͬ˵һ顣
һʼһƷµö֮һʱϵֲɵطָ÷ףǱˡ֮ξͻ˻Ρ
ֻܰŷڷл죺ԭÿգһǱݾߣǱһƷҪֻҪգԺܹƳѰһƷλθİ취ȽץסˣȻҲԻָݡ
ҹλ˳أȥѰλθ䣬ȴѾڳУһͼӣ֪ҼٰĿˡӦǽտʱ򣬶һƷ󳤶ݼһƷڵˣʶˡ
˱ۣԸȥ뱦ĺһƷˣǱľ
ŷлп£ȻŶԶ˵£ж㻹ŷ˶뵽ǡ
˶ΪһƷĸͬЩǱڴеĳϢͨƳ棬˭뵽ջԭҪȥĵطأ
۾ͳصǸͬһţھһֱɫ²űŪѵС˵ˣھгԶʱ˴Ӻײһ¡ǸžһƷ˳ײĶľҩ¥ƹҲˡ
ԷԭⱾҪŵˣǵӸǱеĶӲܴŵ棬û뵽ѾγĿֵǱ⡣
ɡԶ˵ڵϡ
׷˭Σ˭ĹѾû壬ĴһƬţͷ
ڹŻûԿҪʱȸϵͬԪ˵Ů°ߵ¡
֮Ԫ۵ǲŸݣϣܹһƷ뿪ܹ֮ǰǽ
˵״лпܻһЩǸֻ֣θиء
ŷʲôлĬȻʱ˵ү˼ճǵȥ򣬷֮ص£ѾȥмԺȥˡ
ԺЧʱԪҪؾٴפҪöࡣ
ŷķӦνѸ٣ĲҲһãȻǾӦѾűϢ
ֻƣص˵ͷһŷѾˣԼЩʲô
ԼǱߣָô
лվֱŷڻʲôģ
ǲܾżԺȥײһطǼ任ݡ任ģ任·ߣѰ˻׷ȥĶˡ
С
ŷͷλθǲֻʳӡ
⾩лһµ壬ŷ¡
ŷڶáθָڣȫΪڱõһżҲ
һƷ˶ԼԺгޣŷҲгޣ޵ôֲλһƷķѵǰθ
Ҳŷ˵
ŷл˵ǰϣ˵ûΣգΪǰץߣҪ㡣
㹻ǰ¶ϲŵܣôлаЩ˵Ҫȥ֮ǰΪʶǰȫġ
һ˵лж
Ӵʿ̿ʼ̹лףǵĿ궼ԣҪлȥҡ
ײڵ˾ǰӾ뿪ȴûиıһ㡣
ǰѱߣҲҪлйȥˡ
ҪȥĻлпڵҿԡ
жҪçײҪԼŮҪöȥ
ֿŷ˵ˣ֪ǰѱȥʲôطҵǣ
̹
ŷˣλθȻˣǶҵ̹
ţ˵һ£ǰѰԦʹõĶʱʹŵλιҡ
ʮ
ʮֳ˶ʮǸʱȥʲô
漴ʹţ֪лǰǱΣǲ֪ҹͱȥ˻ʹ뵽ȥɡ
ţŷ˵ιңͬ˵һǳȤ¡λһƷθȻ̹Ժӡ
Ҳ˵λӦøһƷƲĻ幫ȻһƷڰ
⻰Ӷ¶Щ΢ɫ
һһƷݵĹϵ̹ȻǱλθܣ
ҹΪ˱˶Ŀ
ʮǶһӰմӰϰԣԲϲ˯ܳڰᡣ
һǰñ˾ޱͻأ̹ле׾ͺ׽ˡ
ŷȻӦŵڲĺ֣Լ뿪ȴûд̹ߣ˼ҪԼȥؿĻ¾һɿȥˡ

磨üΪ
⣨ԥҲΪ
̣̹ǣûвӣֻǲӡ

11.1ʼ
ѾӴ뿪, ȷʵ֪
ͻصʹ, ̫ǧյ, Ѿڱ̻࣬ɶ·ϵʱ, 뿪нһʱ䡣
շƽ˾Ҳûʹݡ
˼ı֮󲻹ΣӦѾòԼ
ԭг̰ţﶺôЩʱ, վ͸ȥͬܵĻʵ۴ˡ
ʹţѧʿҲʰԼװ׼뿪ܡ
ǰ۾ŶʹǸ, ʲôҲʰʮ˱ͷͻ
ѧʿӺдʣֹ˵ʱͿ԰ôҲǱץˣ
ʮʱþ̹ĵطǿɵļһץסһ߲ٵģлеһڶҲԳ
ţʦֵ, ˵ûжҪʰ𣿡
ʮϵһ, תͷԼʦ, Ȼԭػһ, ˵, ûа
ʱһܹģʲôҲûдСʦھж꣬ٳҲӦͬ࣬˵·Ŵˡ
Ҫʦ̻룬ҲûдʲôȥȥԺȻԴСʦܵ·
ʮֵ˵ԼĴ㣬ʦֳԼͶһͬ
ԭΪѧʿ˵̣û뵽ȴתȥʰԼңһʰһ˵ˣȻصٽв÷ð·ɣСʦܵǴˡ
ʮ
ͷʺţ׷ʵСʦŻȥãֳ𣿡
ѧʿû˵
ʦֲԼʮֱ̧Ժ۾컨룺ˣȥ˾֪ˣֻϧڱܵſȺ˱ŷʰ
Լ뿪֮ǰǲǵõȥһˣٸСлиһ£

ŷ˼⻹ҪЩ˵ģȥҵô
£˵ӵȫΣҪ뿪ܵȥҲá
֪ӹȥӲá
ŷֻǻ֮ƣĴӦǡ
ô˵
ȨǷҪ˵лҲ̧ۡ
ŷգʣµļʹžͻУ̹˵ʹݶɨԴͬүȥ£Ӿȥʹݰݻһ¹
ŷû˵ֱ̫ӣлж˼Ҫлȥһ˼ơ
թʱʲôǶá
һ£Ŀ˶ӵϡ
ŷҲлУ˵ǽҵû׷ٵĻϣҪǳ֮ǰǾʹɲء
ûйϵ
л˵Ҫм鲢ûʲô¸
ŷԼ˼Ŀ⴫ݻȥԼϣŪ˱ŷܹһ¸һԼ϶໨һЩ
Ӧ˾鷿̶ոΡ
ŷͬȥԪۣ£лоȥʹݼ̡
̶ԺлеľҲָƽԸ˵ⱻ°£ǲ֪
һƷһйᣬ˭Ҳ֪ȥ֮Ρ
ȥΪ˽ӵŷѾüԺ¡
ΪδŮ°ߣվ㰲ȫҲ
֪ԽԽãõĽǱܹȻҲ֪ʲô
ͷףûлʱ˵ȥׯСסˡ
ǡ
üֽסµ׻Ǵ˳ȥŮҲ
ŷɫѾĸӶˣȻڵҶΣԸ⸺𵽵ס
ƻ£ɫûƽյ˿ŵ̬֣֮أ˿档
鷿һӰ
ŮѾԼȢŮĻгԪۣҲ϶ͷ֮лûһ˵⻰ʱŷ㣬𺳡
һʱ䣬ǰɫŷʧȥ
лܵͬࡣ
ϣŷģġ
ŷԱ⣬˼
˵׵ĻŷȫȻԼոƷԼԭ
Ӧͬ˴ǣһҪȥһˣκϢһ֪ͨү
˵꣬ת鷿뿪
Ӷעߵ⣬ŵСһ·ųԺӣŻ
ŷһŷ͸ȥ鷿⣬Ҳ常˵Ļ
ƽʱ常Լģֱ̹ӵףһˣƫƫȴڿһƷߵʱ
ŷԼٴλص˳ԯϣ̧սֻн꣬޲Щɳȥܹ㽫ϢܰѱֱӴ
ŷţŷﴫԼ˵ȥͬ
ʱ常ҪȥͬҪȥסĻˡ
ŷӦһǣѹеķ꣬תⰲˣֻеĴϣԦʹĿѸشӳϷɱ
ųᣬ˻ͣڻͬԺǰʱ򣬺ͬ˼ҶѾϨ˵ƣҹɫ˯ˣҲˡ
ͷһӱ˯оѡ
ͣ·Ӧšˡ
һ߳ţһʱεʲô۵ļһ
ɫԺеһжյų̂۾ǰŵ˨ӡ
ȿţһ̧ۣվŷǸ߸ĺ꣬Ͼ¶ûɫôҵʲô
뵽ģȫҲֻŷǼԺ˲ôΪΪ
ŷûиͺСҲͣ档
ʮվɫУûз˿һĻꡣ
ŷ˽ԼۣǷ߻Լ
ﰵţŷһţֶ̧ϵ͵һǵоһȼ
â䡣
ϿתԼżɽصŮ˴ˡ
ʲôԭɫ仰ʱ̾ͱŭȡ˿һͷĺʨŭٴԳ˵ƣ˭˭òͷˣ
ĻбˣŷǸµġ
ĿڷһƳͼ޸õġʱͼǰϡ
ڸɵĺ£֮ŭʢ߱ʲôһ˵ţһĿ˳ŷķ򿴹ȥҪȥ˺ˡ
ŷջĿ⣬һǶһƷˣĽҵزסᱻȥҪȥ
ͻأ˵Ҫȥ˾ȻԵûͷûβ
ڻתͷʱŷͼ仰ǰ󶼷ʲôûϲŭתϡ
ⶼɵʲô£
ǼԺҪһƷ󽻷棬ҪǣıŮϣ
뵽ǰһΨһһܰѱƽƽӶһƷоȻˣϾͰԼŭҵıѾͷŪģǸȥš
һ˵ţһת˷䣬ȵʱһµi
öiŷǮׯǮԿסȥ˶ҪǮֱȥãȻǵøµһЩѵҵķҲһ򣡡
ŷĵiá
Թȥûиӣֻ߻ϣΪ
Ծ˳ָ£Ҹʱ䣬һҪѱȱشȻ¡Ǯׯûˣ

ϣŷûˣ
ϣ԰ףˣ
ϣԱ⣩㡪ˣ

11.1ʼ
µĴ΢΢ҡ, ˲ⳡεİﰲ̫á
˵, зűѩϢ
ȵ, ѩ
ǵԼ˯֮ǰ죬һת۾Ѿ
Ľë⶯, Ҫ۾Ŭ˺üζûܳɹЩڽ˵ҲԶȥˡ
ٴһ˾ֱһ紵, Ĵ㾧Өѩ
һǼ⣬һϣ̱Ůϵ¶ڻˡ
һҲñ⳹״Ǹε˯ѹ
۾ӳȴϤĴ, İ
ϸůůĺãﻹȼѬ㡣
ʶԼһֱŵǴ¯ﴫġ
ȫˣʣΨһܻľֻ۾
ת۾ǰǱ紵һǲͣöӣɽĵѩ
ԣⲻԼĴ, ġ
һ˲, ǰļֵԺС
, Լڼ, Ҳڴϡ
ȥ˵ʱ, ʶαװȻδߡ
ϣ׸ոյҡθǴӺζ
ХѩͣŵѩаǰС
룬Լڻжȹ˶ã
붬ĵһѩʱ䣬ȴƮѩ
һѹиľ֣һͼ֫
ЩȫܿƵɳһһץִָ׷ߡ
ԭ˰죬ҲñںõµָԵضһ¡
ܸ֮һӣԽһ̶̵ľ룬ͻԽһڣҶɷѩĺ
ڵֶ˯̫ãôѾ뿪˴ܣ˶ҡһԱ˵ʲôϢ
ŮԸٴμ־ҪԼ
ڶõֻ¯㣬ô⻹ˣҲмҵ׹ѡ
Ȼʮֽﰲһ¯㣬ס˱Ѩ
ȪȻı˱ʣðٶ֣ȴûľѨλλĳ̶ȡ
㡭㡭
ȫערעһֻϣҲǸָ£ûܽϵĺö
۾ܿ
׼еγԵʱصӱƿʵĿŷѩ˽һɢů
һĵһӦҪ۾װ˯֪¡
ϧĶһӽѾ۾ʹˡ
ӱ·£صؽѩ⣬һ鱻һҲһֻ޳¼л˷϶У׽⡣
ֱܿůڵԼ˵˯ЩʱգȻˣǾͲҪ˯ˡ
Ļ۾ҲԼˣϵĶӦҲ˸ɾǡ
ǰûܣɾ񣬽Ҳûʲô
۾Լǰˡ
ӳе˾ǸϤӰһ˫ˮհɫ΢ĳȻǰƽƽȴȥϵĳų˵µտտ⻪
ϴ΢΢Ц⡣
⿴˵ǰ˫ϲƵĻôڣһоع鵽˸еλϡ
ǰڷĿӣѩΪΪҲ֡
ѩ÷ľ£У⺮÷ʢ֮ҲȻʧɫ
Ϻ÷ѾΨϹڣơ
ⷢΪ˯δ˵ԵЩɬƣ¡ڣ
ҡڶԼݵķӦм̿
һ̧֣յ˱ϵѨֻеϵ˲価ȥеĸоһֻصԼС
ӵźиԶӡ
򴽣㵽ʲôˣ
ʲôˣŷѾ𣿡
ںϾֽҿ¯ĸӣŪһϣȼյøӳףֽ¸ϣĿ¯ϣɵֻֻͣͨϣûʲôá
֮ʱһֱ˯ţûκηӦΪѨΪɣһֱÿղϵظιҩ
ҩ֮˾ͻǣľżһţҪʲôʲôȴ˯УԷȻ
ԴĿˣֲܵҵߣҩʺϡ
ĻѾǸԼҩˣΪޣΪ⣬ץȷʵûʲôɡ
ػж֮ں֮ԼϵΣȷжˣַ֣עȫסǰϣʵ˶ãҴˣ
Աʵ⣬ҲûҪ˼
˵Ӵ뿪ܵڣѾȥ˰࣬ڶҾڣſƿһ
ʱûбҪƭ⻹ǻһ˿ϣȥƿǲűպõӡ
ղֻܼѩ죬ڿһͿããѩԭĿ֮ǲãѩɫ
ǳʱһڴ˱붫ҵĽ붫ҾڣʹһеҲ
ֻٶ֧࣬ѩԭƶҲȻһޱֽ߰Сī㣬·һѩܰûڵ¡
Ѿ
ھǼѩģʵ̫ˣľɫֻڶҲС
ۼΪʵһˡ
֣г˴ϣǷѩٶȸ⡣
ⷽűıӺָеڵů⣬ͷҲǡ
ڵʱߵŮչ㡣
û˵
ڿȻ˵ȥҡ
ȷʵûµİԼӴܴĻ֡
ͬʱ׹ҲûҪɱ˵ڻûзеܡ
ȻΪҪҵıԼϣ͸Ҫˡ
ڵԼĻش𣬱⻹ǳ˸ڣΪ벻ףһƷԺͬˮ𣬲ݣŷ֮г𣬿ʲô£
˵ҲǼԺˣŷҲǼĹϵץҲûá
ԼĻ¶һĨЦݣԼ˵ͲΪŷڲŶԸ
˵Ŷ˶٣Žŵûйϵȴһ˵ʮҪ㲻֪ǱĴڣ
ֱ֪׳ѣѾԶǧ֮⣬ǰ˾ٳҲȥץǰ;űģҾоıҲΪǡ
ڿװɵҲ𴩡
ֻڰ֮󣬾ͿʼҪЩҵĶأЩС˵ҪҵģҲүү͵ģǲܸˡ
ڵȻᡣ
˵ţ̧˼£һ˳
ڰĶ˳ݵǰԿʲôûС
һɨȥ֪ԼĶ
ûжֽŵĻôûˡ
ڼͷһ̧֣ʾЩջȥ
۾űĶ淢ָͣ
ڷѩҡǰʱѩͣ
СɰһмɵҪʲô˵˴

⣺ʲôˣ
-
˷ɻһ죬
˯=3=

11.1ʼ
ˣʲôˣ
һ˲ü, ǵڵ°˴ʱ, , ⻹Ǹе⡪
ϵ
캮ضů¯, ϸůĺãǰ˾ûôôˡ
ֻŵĺ£бĥĺۼ
⿴һ·, ͺһֱ¶ڱѩϻźı˪
һůĳڣЩ˪ͺܿڻˮ, ϱ˿Ҳ¶˳, ˮڵϴŵѪɫ
ĺ, Ѿʮ΢Լļ﷭˸, Ҳûйӡ
ɵÿڣԼ
ʣϵãոİһԺ̹ͷˣ֮ǰ, ȳȥץ
һٿڵѾϢٵˣһڳǶĲ¥͵ĶԻ
ʱ̹˵ʰɾ, ָץ
ŷ, Ȼ˸ߡ
ֻǱֲ, ӰԼ뿪ʱһλ, ŷһ
һԷֻ֣ǵ¶һ˫۾
֣ȴֻۣܿͲ󣬷·ᰲֻ࣬ԵøΪƽעĿİʺϳΪⰵеĻ
ĿڵϣܼԺȷʵһôûлشκһ⡣
Ļ뵽ԽصĿʣԽ˵˺ۣӰûмصˡ
ˣŲ֪ǰܹʲôֶΡ
뵽һƷĹܣ͸ӷë
ıѩأ˶棬һܹҪ
̸һصķػһ·Ҫߣһܹٺฺܶ
͵ջĿ⣺ʲô
Ȼʲʲôûˡʾֽţ⼸һֱУ֫඼ѾˡӰû鶯֫ͬˣһ˻ʲô
˵Ҳע⵽ˡ
ϵ¶ֽţóֳĺɫڵ֮£طȻҲõȥ
ȵĺ䣬ǻҪġ
ץסԼĺɰ棬ȻԼװȪСƿӡ
ڰĶ߼һ飬϶СɰеƿӣҲȪ
֪ΪʲôҪŷԼӰղΪʲôҪĶˡ
˵֪еǼھǰˣҪѡ
ⲻǰҪܹ֫ȫԼļֵһôķˡ
ڵĹļƣȷʵ˱ϡ
ǰӰΪ˱ű̹ץס̱ܿ
Ա˵˵ΪԼˣǰһزʶˣֻҪʮ⣬ҲȪȴؿ
ڼ˱ĶҡټһѾ
ץԼСɰ̧֣ڵſʧȥʶӰȥʱ˼лع
δʵóǾ䡰ʲôͼڵеһֵָֻ
ֻɫʰ쵣໮ţŤųϵȥȻͷСǴɢ˵вȴһҲ
Ķɰ׸ƽɫìܸС
һƷóԦʹ棬ŷ˵ģҲǱۼģǶԶԶȲһĻʵ
ڵϵˣϢ΢ԣȻֻܱܹ򼡣
ס֣
룬ȹжһƿ˸ϵĺá
Ϲˤڵϡ
Ϊź̺ӣȫۡ
ڼһ˹ǲҪһҪȥŵ׽
ĿһѸޱȵش֣ס
ֻѱҲԭλͣûĿĲ
㲻Ҫˣ
ⱻ׽õһҲС
ʹһ֮űֽһקⱻ뿪˵ŵӰֻ򼣬̧ҪֻץԼ֣š
û֡
˵ⲻһԺ߹ѣҪӳȥ֪в̣ȥҧһڣʹ졣
ϵѪɫȻûлָֻͣϵʱᱻһҧɥӲһйˣ׹˼֣ץŵֱֻյøʹˡ
ȥץֻ򼣬ڲɵϵ
һ֣ݴܵصǻлл㰡
龳£ⲻܵлһֱ棬֪ڷԼ
Цһɿ
ֻ̰׽ס˻ȥȻһס˷űץѾһ˵ˣȪ֪ôһҾ
ҪĲһ㣬ٰ֪鶼Լ
˱һɿڣ˵áֻ˻
⿴ֻ֣˳ֱԭ·أֻͷƤ飬֪Щǲϵʲôط
ŷǰϾŶ棬ĳ̶ֳԴ˱ܼԺһƷĻ
ȻѾͱ˴ֽҲͲˡ
ԼСɰȡȪϴΰѺɰĴĹԺȡƿŻԭλ
СɰȻȥˣȪû١
ֻڻԵǰͷҪιȪڻеӰȴرţñ޷ȪĿС
ڼ״ٴֹ
ָӰ֮ǰ⾯ؿһֻۣӰסһطſ˿ڣԼü
ֻҪæûдģŽƿȪιڻеӰ
еԶʣ⽫ƿеȪι֮ͣ֡
Ҳſ֣طŻصϡ
һ
ȪȻûôЧιȥôܹס
Ȼһˮ
ԭҪӰϵĶ˻˿ڣӦ׼һͰˮʣµһƿȪȥǣ캮ضģҪһͰˮݲףԱ˶ΣֻҪһ衣
ˮܿʣµ֮һȪ˽ȥѻе˶˵ȷŽнݣٸȽš
粻ͬ𴦣ŮҲ󵨣Ů֮٣ڿűĶûоﲻԡ
ֻǱΪӰܼ˿֮Ҫٴϵˣȴȥ·ˡ
Ķڲ֣Ⱥ̽ĳѾֽϵضˣȹȪ̧ȥͬʱˮҲˡ
ġűⵣǵظȥĿ⣬֤ͬǸϺ·ٽϣȪЧ֮ǰ
˵һԣ׷
ȻڶһЦ䲻ǾӣҲسŵ
ʣǶˣѩͣ˰ĳٴοʼǰ
ҡĽУ˴齱ߣǰԼϵıһӣ

11.1ʼ
, ֮һӦ֡
ǶĿȷô, ȴⱦﳤʲôû
, Ʒ뷨
Ҳڹôһ
ӭڵĿ⣬Ժڶ̶˲ת˺üͷ, ش֪û
ǹʣʱҲá
ڿûлĻ
ĵʣȪôģ
ġ仰˵Լˣǰжʱ, һóáù֮Ҹҵ֪Ȫ֪ô, ֻʱ̴Сƿϡ
˵, ЯȪΪҲһǺϡ
˵, ʵʿ˵ʱлҲˣ
˵, ǾȷȪı
̾һ¶˼Ƶɫǡ
ڿȪȡ֮𣿡
ԣ̧, ʵһʱɫ𷽲Ҫ˼֣ƺ𰸶˵Ҫ
ԼռһȪ, ĵȪлҹϵðȪ, ȷʵȡ֮֮, ǲȷصǣ
õش, ۽ǽ
һһ𣬳ããѩǰû˳Ȫ֫ӰӦҲѾ·úˡ
ﰲֻõѩХڴ
ڰ˼ʱ򣬱̽ſڵȪ£ô֪ģ
ոһֱһһָڻڹ֮УشԼ
˵ӦòʲôܣȴܴƲ׹Ϣôй¶ȥġ
Ѿ֪һƷӦ飬ȥҲӦò֪ǡ
ĻԾɳԼ˼Уȴ˱һû뵽Ĵ𰸣жмء
ʲôһö׹һƷĵ伮оȻмأ
ΪԾԭΪ׹ռ֪ϱѪ򿪣Լֻ꣬ټǼΣŻԵɺ֪һУɽѾ˿е
ϱӵ׹ΣҲҷ
ţͼ̧ԼԼ˵ǴڵĶ
ƭˡ
ԭ˵Ķҵ伮أ˵ǶһʹĶо͸ֳˡҲŲšĸ֡
ڻشĻٲΰ롣
伮ģ䱦ǴڴǼٵġ
Ļⱦһʼǵģǻ񶼲
伮أʱԶмϸģⲻ֡
йڿأҲòôԶǡ
һͲȷյϢʵжٲˡ
ȻԼϣֻҪյϢʵг룬ôԼͻһȨ
иӰ
ôһ⣬ҪȷھΪʲôҪȪ
ǰˣ״
ʱһֱڿԵģڽ캮ضĶң忴ȥȴ˲٣Լ̸ʱ򣬱ûټԹһ
ҲΪŴʦɽ¶ľĵ
ԺʲôͷһԼץ˵ͷŵ̫죬ûпС
û⣬ƺǰӰ̽ټ⼸⣬ࡣ
¶Ҫ뿪˼ҲʱִԼһƻ
סȵȡ
ͣĶʱ򣬱⳯ݳԼʣµƿȪ
ڿΪٶ⡣
άžֵƣʾӹԼеƿӣҪȪӦþΪκϵĲɣһʣһСƿҪκ㣬ӦѾ㹻ˡ
ڵĿϣȴûӡ
֪϶һſȪϣôһСƿȪܸᶯģҲΪ˱⣬ͷǰĴ㡣
ãһ޷
ٴνСƿǰ˵ݣ˵ȪκϵĲͷǰɡ
˵ģ·;ңԶ캮ضˣĳӿٲٸ
ȥǣһ취ôӰһѩ߻شȥ
֤ߣǿԵ·ұ֤鷳
ʧ˰£ֿܶϢԼҪϢĻȥ˵˻ᷢ߹
ڱⶼԼ־ٵöԺڵĿƿϡ
ϴŲֶȪչֳ㹻־ڱص֮ģôһƿȪǰ۵ȴûκβ
ŰɡżЦ⣬ȥ·;ңԶ֪ʲôƿȪǿԼԱʱ֮ɡ
˵꣬ϳ˵ͣ
ٴͣ£Լһͷůĳ˳ȥ
֣СƿĴȻͣУƿѾͬһˡ
ûҪƿȪΪʲô
԰ϵ˲ȫκá
ҾˣҲܱԼߡ
ƿȪҪеġӡͻ
еƿӷŻСɰ૵ˡ

˺Щ죬ԽҾڣѩƾԽ
ڻԵʱжڲˡ
֮ھûɣҩڱѩнԵĶʲô
ûʱ򣬳ԵľǸɵݿˣܹ
ÿõˮǾ͵ȡѩ޸Դɾúܡ
ڵ¶ż׷ֶΣıԭҲܴҰζվͻ⡣
Ӱڵڶվͻָʶһա
ֽʣµȪι˶ĥ
ȻһƿȪӦѾ㹻ûµġ
ңι֮һƿȪ֮״׵ƽ˵֫ҲѸٵػָˡ
ȷȪЧԱ˵Щ˼֡
Ӱһ֮˺ɫʣ˶ҵΪһѡ
֮󣬱ţûлԼϡ
ҲܲˣŶû
ѵڳ˸еҪֽʣҲ
Ӱһ۾ͿţһӦǿôҲӵԼһˡ
ǵԼιȥ֮ǰܵЩ̷ԼٺҲÿȥӦֽѾˡ⣬ʶȴͬǰһڴһž˳
Ӱ
ٵͷⴲӵ¸ŵȣʶض˶ֺȻо֫˵Ĵڣʱ¶ɫ
ûϵĻͣˣʵˣ
ԭΪŵѣһǲǴԼӰ
һ۾ϳˣû

ӰһڣԾǷ·û˵ɬ㡭ҡ
кܶʣ˸˵
˵𼱡Ȼʲô
Ӱԭء
ƶϣͷķû뵽һʵľôһ⡣
ű⣬˼ѵڲڶУѾ
ûֻ֣šƬ̣ŻشԼԽӰߡ
ӰӰӵӰߡֵߣôҲһ֡
ԺЩӰǴĸѵĹ¶û֣һţѾ㹻Ķҡ
Ӱߡһ飬סˣŶ˵ûڻڶ˵ϡϵѾκˣʲô֢ġ
ӰĻС
ȷʵһ볩ͨ裬һ뱻ס޷һ졣
ʣôץסģͬ˵һ˵

11.1ʼ
ѩ졣
лг⿴, ӵ֮, ַ˴, ڱ߽ӺãĿƻϡ
ůĳ, ʿģʿִףִڣѾϰӡ
лһö, ϡ
ǽ붫ʮʱ䡣
һͽһѩ硣
һʼޱѩ, ôһʱ, ǰ·ôѩ, ͽζˡ
ѩÿѩä֢, ǶǾϣȥ
л֮󣬴ʿһ, ŶǰЦӲרİ
л̧ʿųڣΪǰ, ů紺, Ǵź·, ɫźܺ, ӦȻصϢһʱգȬˡ
ˡ
лͣӵĶҲûз
һ·ǰûʲôǲлоÿյʿͬ塣
˵ʱ䶼ÿ죬ֻʿĲһձһԣ̲ס٩һ䡣
˵ʵǶҲǱܣĻֱȥϾͺˣ壬ȴһֱǹŹ
лĻҪʧЦ
ʿеӷŻϸӣԼ˵ˡ
˶֪ڳΪʿ̵ԩлУǸ֮ʱ˵ףҲĬл汱ܵʹңΪ֮¡
ʿҲôġ
̹ѡôһʿѡǳǡ
л۲ѧòֻʮֳڣȫǳףȿȹ̼ǿ֮ϵֿԻ֧֣ʹԼڶҵĵλȹ̡
лûнͣԷ˴ʿᡣ
Ĳɣһϵ̣ǣű⡣
ⱻһƷ˴뿪ǳղŸġ
Ǹŷ̶ļƻڱʧٵڶգȥһɱߵĴѾ߶ѩţһȥͬ˻ϣȻһȥ˱ׯϡ
̫ǧ֮󣬸ûбŮʱŻʦڱׯרѧϰ黭̣ӦԸĴҰǳԣǱչء
лȥʹ̹
Ժˣûо⡣
μ֮󣬻صԺоͿڰµźţ֪Ѿˣһ̩
һ̫ƽĶټлнճһжûгڵԤơ
Ǵ˼ƣ
һЦȴûоñðϾлбҲһ
ǧĺꡣ
лһ̾ȻԼ
ھнͬһգ̻ԼǸıˣ׼ͬضˣ
˵ʱڳǶһСϡ
վ룬·ʵĺˮĳ϶ֵо֮
̳ɡлתԼײУڲǰԺ󣬲ĴߡǴĵطеķѾ˸飬ķ羰ҲѾ̤дĶѩһûм
һιʹܣ̫ǧΪӦҲǲʹȥ룬ԱʾѺá
Ѿȥ˳ʹҲһܹ빫ͬȥ
ŷȥͬԪ˵˱ⱻһƷ°ߵ֮ҹ̶ôһ취
ʹô¡صĹǴҲǲʹŹȥǶң룬һҪȥܵӭرҲͲԡ
˶ԼȥĶ᯴Ѹߣ¸أûгеʲôϳʹĶУǣиҵˣлþͿԴΪǰҡ
ȵĴѧʿȥͬԪ۴еʱ򣬳Ԫ۾ͻ
˿лͬԼ˵ֻǰˣλԼĻҪһЩⲻǶԼмƣһܹݣ˵Ϊȥģֻ˵ǳʹҡ
ɡлУ¶ЦݣʱǶңǴѩʱлһῴþˣڶҲȥأ
ڶգڶҡʹŴеʱ򣬳Ԫ۹Ȼ˻طõ顣
׼ʹž͸֧飬˳֮Ųͬķȥ
лԸ˳ʹҵĶ飬˴ܣԶҵĶ룬ǵĻʳȥ
ǿ϶Ǵӱķġ
ҷԱȫѩҲ֪ǵĿĵ
˫ܹҲģҪס
ֹ֮ͣлûдӴʿ뿪˲裬̸һҵķ֮
ȵҹͣ£ڱŷѩĵطפŴӴʿ뿪
һͼѩѾͣɫĻйһ¡
лͷѩҹб˰һƬϵİѩ¹⣬ҲһƬá
վããѩԭϣ⣬أ
ǧѩǵĹһˣͬ
ķѩѾͣˣǽչҹһĴɽУеϽλÿﰲӪկź붴ںܽλã£ͬˣںδ
ӰѾɻˡ
ס˴Ѩ书ȴͨһߣЩ
ڵ¼ڽȫڱǰظţǰЩϵ̷ɵ˺ٺõҲȫûк֢ܺõô졣
ɼλܵĿϹȻЩܣѹҪðķհ˴ߡ
ڿڵĵطҰǺãǷҲ
Ӱȥˮڱ⣺
̧ͷ۾ӳӰӡ
ӼԺǰлĹҪСһ˲ˮӰߵĶر
лл
ֽӹȻʾҲ
Ӱ߳ĬѡһΧλ£⵲硣
ͬ˵굱ôץԺ󣬿֮֮úôţҲˡ
ѨûбסôһƷĸ֣Ҳ˫ȭѵ֡
ھ͵ŷ취ǡ˵ΪҲűģڶҵʱ䣬һᱣġ
ŮĻڻԺС
ΪӰѵְڰбԺҪˣû˵Ҫ
ôһ˵Ӱ߷ԼĶ˺ˣ˺ˣ·Ҳ˺ģ֮·ʱһƷҲûн˩ѩУ϶ǿͬʲô档
ܹһƷ̸龳֮»ң̩ȻһŮӡ
ѹŷ˻㿴
뵽ƶ˵ŷ˻ǣӰ߾;Լ֪ʲô
ǿ˵ĻӰ߾Լԡ
Ҳû̫ʱ䣬Ӱ߼ⱭеˮðӶڻصɽٴʱЩȥԵ˾ͻˡ
ץĳӣǣһһֱ۴ֵߣѪܵġ
⿴۾һ֪ôڶߵʱôǷġ
Ӱ߿Щǰ߹ȥеıӣ˵ҹȥ˵꣬ԭأǾͽΧŵĺãתϣš

٣ܿԿʼ12.1ʼ

11.1ʼ
ڶҪ, ǵɽĻȥòˡ
ұȥΪ, Ϊץ, źϣ׸, ʱҪŪѡ
һƷ̽ӡɱ֡׷ߣ֮ûһĳӣĴߣ߿ųԶܺܺó, Ǿƫƫȡ
ҲֻЩƺõʱ򣬲ôӵϣǲúá
˺üŪҰζ֮󣬾ʵڲó, ǾԼ֡
ڵ£ÿδñһݣԼ
һ߹һ߾ӣôһ¶Ө׵ֱۡ
⼸ڽЩѾŸѪͿֽ⣬һһ顣
ԼҪĲλ, ùһԷŵѩ, ྻһԼ, ȥ˼, һֻӸǵĺȡ
ԹԵ, ɵȫһݰеʡ
ڵЩҲѾϰߡ
ԼҪĲԺһ¸ʲô
Щʵǹˣֻǽնֻû߲ˣ˶ˡ
ֻϧܱ¶ռ䣬Ȼ߲˿Բժ
õʳߵһߣȡ裬ȷ濪ʼơ
ζǺãԶҵĴ߲ôֻҪĨЩΣڹʱЩȪˮ̰ɫͿԺˡ
ڱǰһյĻŵĹѩѾˮذƺԺˮͿˡ
ǰĨСٷֳ˸ϸĿ飬һ˽ȥ
һУֵ룬ԼһƷеʵҲ򶨵ˣȻԼС
ҪҪһʱ䣬ִֻȡ
ڳֵʱ򣬱ӣʼڻ߿
Ůӳúģ۾ҲԵøĿרעеӣ·ʲôˡ
ҪϸµؿϸµͿϣڵģǾ㽫⿾¡
һߵĻϣӡǻ߶Ѿ˹Ǽܣڽűߡ
ӰҲˣվڻǰȿ۵ʱ
ǿԵĹŮֱ޾ҲûæӰ߾ֻܱոԼϵǼãվԭصȡ
Ѿýƣ֬˳ųһڻз͵졣
ƮɢߣһѾ˶ӣһƷˣŵҲ̲סĿͶ˹
Ѿһʱ䣬ˮ̰׵ɫⵥֳŴ֦ϵӣתһװȪСƿӣǵע£еȪȥ
ѾһʱǵȪ
ڿܹ׹ǵȪζĵϷ֭ԽƶлԼȪˮ
Ȫ֮ɢ·ֶΣͬ㽻֯һ
ڻǰæµŮ̧ͷĿһɨӰ߱ԼĺվԼӣԱ߿ȥ
ڼĿԼϣذֻӳԼݹһ£
ǰֽˣſ֣Աһ̵ֻ׵ˣſվԭصӰߣ˵ȥѺ÷°ɣ׼Էˡ
⼸գֻҪǱ³׼˷ݡ
Ӱ߸ڡ
һҪԼͲ˭Լһԡ
һʮˣȫ˵ķ˶˵ҲֻС飬һƷȻʳȴҳԡ
֪ڷ¶
ֵǣڳĶȴӲȰ衣
ٶ֣±¶
Ӱȥ˺ãʱѾԱˡ
ʢ˿õӣԵķ࣬һֻȡһͱˣֿ˷Աߵȡ
Ӻܿ˹ǼܣһԣҲ˸ɾʣǳǳһڹС
ϵȴִҪһ߿һ߽ˣٿġ
ڸӰ˵ֽ⡣
ڳԱ⿾ⲢûоʲôףӰڻϰɿԼ׼Եġ
һ߷ȣһڶӰߣó𣿡
Ӱ߳Ĭصͷ
õⰲġ
ٿڣʵҸոɽȥ¶ȱҪߣȪ𣿡
ɽȷʵһȪֻںĵط
ĸоڿֻߵԶۻˣûۼǿڳӣ˵Ȫˮʲã¶Ҳ̫ˣʺȥݡ
ҲʧֻҾһʡ
Сѿõи˼ֱһ£æʾڵݹЩŵ￴ҾкܶȪ
룬Ȫ
밡⿴˿ʣµ⣬ȶݸӰߣ˵̫ˣһ·Ҳʹϴ衣
ջ룬ѵСɽһ⡣
ǳֶ̣ŵٹգȵĿĵأÿȥһǶҵȪ

ùǸԻԼϡ
⸺ԺȻʰưϨѡ
ӰҲ˹ȥ׼ҹ
ڵһ
Ӱˣ˵Ļ
ӿһ³ⶫһƷͷӹһԷʱ;ƾʲôǵȼűڽ̸ڻǰĽͬƽƽ
ٵգֻһȪһƷͷӾʹӦˣӰ߾Լ˿⡣
ǰģͨľٶ龳һȨ
Ƚ˶Էķ֮ģҪֻҪǲֵ̫ģԷӦ
ȵ˵طҪȪֱǰҪԼԼһɡ
֫ȫվǿǻȽġ
ǼԺһƷУΪԺӰӰ߱һҲǰһƷ˵ޣҪǹͨ
Ҳֻп㡣
ڻصԼԣҲŮɣڵԼ
·ʲôҪ˵ûмŻϣڵʲô˵ģ˵ɡ
ǡɣӦһֱԵȻ赣Ǳܿʳֽţ˳ӣҲΪǣѰܵĻᡣ
ոձҪˣɣⱱܵĿȪʱҰ취롣
ڶĵֻ΢΢һЦʵ㵣ǵزסһ𣿡
ǣֻǡɣҪͣ˵Ȼǲܷ£Ǿȥɡ
ǡȻϲǱܿĻɣҲֻӡ
ɽͣһҹڶ·ȻǷѩͣʵĺ
գڵִǴеĿĵء
еֹͣн
洫ġȥȫͬÿӣӳ̽ͷͼǰһΡǽɫשʯϿ˪ĺۼ
һȺźؿ׵벽߹½ѩ
Ƕҵأĳǳء

⣺ǣҾǵĳ걬

12.1ʼ
˳, ǲûϵˡ
Ҳûб׼⿴, ֮, ͽǵķòУֻñ, ҵı뺷֮Ҫ࣬һƷһڽԺ󣬽Ҳۿɼط
ߴĳǽס˺磬ѩ, ߵĶࡣ
ִߣͬڴܾõġ
Ȼ뵽һƷһθôϲǺܲңһСľϲˣ
֮, û˽ӳȥ, һ·˵ס
˳ǣûȥĵطǾֱլķȥ
ԭΪڵݣ֮ӦҲҪȥһеĴԹ󣬿¿, һ, һԶʳĵķضһƷƿ֮¡
ھ֮
нٶȲ, ͣһͨͨĸۡǰ
, ӰҲ, վš
ڵĵ̣Ӱʮּɵģס˴ĴѨûʣʲôս
һ׼ǱϢرƽߵ̹һֵھ˾Աߵȥ
Ӱߡ
״һ̹һоסˡ
ɣһɫĲԼǰҪ۾ϣˡ
⿴ڣȻ˼ӰߴΣԼ۾ס
ҪǴȥֲǿ档
ǣһͨլܲصסʲô
ΪԾ
ԼʲôԼʲôѡ
˳ӵرۣеǲ͸ĲԼϡ
ɣת󣬽۵ĲԺ˸ᡣ
ȷʲôҲˣͣߣַ̧
ʧȥӾʣµĸбøŴ򿪵Ȼ˵߰ɡ
룬
Աߵɣǰȥ
ţӦԺΧĶȴûʲôر
լۡǻҲãլҲãѰ˼ҳӡ
˵ǶҵĹٻͬźܴ𣬱ǵĻ»ҪߣһСߵ̨ס
ʧȥƽǰȥ֮ǰɣεץס
ⶫŮվˣֶ˵Ҹղž˵ˣС̨ס
ֻ񣬼ǰߡ
˲֪ãǴլۡ˱𴦣һͣס˽Ų
ͷǰ˻ת̲סٴֱ棬ܾʮϤɣȴǰߣ롣
ǰ
һΣǰƽأų̂ס
еԼ߽ĳСĿռ䣬ɣԭת漴ת
ǰƺ±ˣռܿƶ
еһʶʧظϮԼԱߵɣȵط
ʶץסⶫŮ֣ʶԼϤԺδ
ⲻŷ¡ǮׯǴӶµпյɽȵײȥʱ򣬳
֪ܼԺ붫һƷֶƣû뵽ȻƵֵز
ĻҪӵϵصȥˡ
ĿռͣʱȱԤҪеͨ·ֹ
ϴǼãһʼܸеϵ䣬ɵԽУ͸еΧĿãͷ϶ϸܵĺ顣
ҪʲôطȥҪòͣ
ͷðʱɳֻ֧תеٶܵ¶Ҳ϶ʢġ
ɫڶɣ˵ͷ
ɣֽ⿪˱Ժŵᣬ۵ĺڲȡ
۾ǻռС
Ĺͬ۾ʱಢ󣬱ܿӦˡ
ֹƬ̣гֹͣǰյҲˣ˲˳ȥ
ǰ棬ɣ󷽣ǿӰߵ̹ˡ
һһƬ߳׵ƽ̨
վﳯȥԽǰΰ׳۵ĽȺ۵ס
⿴ڵصĵعס𾪵ǰ񹤵һС
ΰعӵ浽涼ֳĳɫڿеȶʵʡ
ߵ˶Ů̻¶Ÿ첲ӳɫɳϲϲȵֲְ쵵ĳڵȥ
վԭأ̧ͷϿȥ
ֻ³ǳصĶҲʮֵĸߣڵصףӦ⣬ռȴŲĹâ
һƷȻڱѩһط
Ϸĳǳ綬ƽ񣬶·ĵعģפһƷˡ
ֶδţδ
ԼȻײڵϣʴ˻ȴò
Ǵƽ̨̨ȥһߣһ̲סѵϵĺá
һ³ǳصıԵڳߵһƷ˼ڣ̹عڵϣ
ⲻ֪ǿʲôȷǰǸģֻȻ˵ĻҲܵõǳʱĳ羴ġŮ٣Դڶһ߹ĵطһƷ˹һ·
ȻżߵԱŷڼԺͬҲ˵һֻԺԵøӵȼɭϣ
ŷǳ٣Щȴֹǵ죬мҪ񻯵ơ
ǽŵĸֻۡ۷
Ҫñĵط³ǳеһԺ䡣
ڰѱȥԺ뿪ˣɣһҲûڱߡ
Ӱ߱ˣԺӵһû
ȥȷûд󰭣ԺתһȦ
ûҲûлأеЩ⡪
ǶԼĿôиˣ
Ժǰһ򿪣ЩĶ棬֪ôôģԼˡ
ЩͷȥȻûԽԺӵ̨ףǱɣֻҪԼһȥǾͻ˹Լ
Щæ¹š
صԺӰߵķﴫ˶˽ȥˣ
ӰǵԼոձִεʱſڣ˿̼⣬ٿֻ֮Ǳ˴
ͬ˵ڵڵص£Ȼû˿أȴкܶ඾棬ȥ·ҲֻǸոһҪӳȥʮֵѡ
ӰĻԭҪűӳȥͷֹϢˡ
⻹˵ʲôԺٴαƿ
ɿضӰ˵һ䡰ˡת˳ȥ
ӰҲܿӴ
ԺУһ·ڡɣֳ̹ǰ
صһƷĵ̣ɣ̹˷űһƷϵķΡ
ӰǸոէһɣĴ磬ֻ۾Ҳ˴˴ͬѰȡ
⿴ڣЩ⡣
Ҳỻͬһ·أû뵽ֻǻһϮᱡЩİ£ȥͬƽһ
ԼڿڵǿͣҴߡ

±ԡħִˡħŮƼx
İһ
ùħȴʼ˱
Ŵñ֮գ֮ʱһ£ԭ硣
ڶֵС׻ĥ˼צ
İ
ΪA׸˽Ů嶴ͱȲǸܾǧ谮á
ѧҪ׹ãĸҪԹ޵ز۵ǸΪʲô˫̥ܵܣ
ǰ嶱۸衢˺ֻᣬڡ
ſŵһȦӺɪɪΨһվŵŮؿڵӰˣҺα˺
ӰħϵֶΣ

12.1ʼ
á
򶨵شӦˡ
Ͼ, ҪԺ, Ǵȥ, ˵㡣
ԴƬ̡
ӹɣװתطȥϡ
֮, ٴλصԺС
Ҫֻ֮꣬׼һ˵תתӰȻҪСԺС
ԭǽŷʱ̸ڱߴ粽Ӱ˵ȫܰ

Ȼһ, ̹͵ǰ
Ӱ߲űŵ, Ͷٴν
ֱ, æ˵Ӱߣ¸ֻǴҵһߣšӦúܿͻµġ
ӰŲԸãǡ
תڣʾ롣
һƷľݵأҲ˶ڵĳƺ
һͷ߰ɡ
ǰ棬
һ, ԭǻԺ䵱Ķ涼ˮһȥ
Ȼ, ڲһƷſ, ЩҲݵİ취
Щ˵ԶԶ, ǰǰٹ֮
ΪڿЩ棬ߵЩͬ˾롣
ȻعԺ߿ǰȥʵȥ
ڵȥЩ顣
ôعÿճͣճ
ڵعУÿÿ춼Щ̶񣬶뿪һʱ䣬֮ҲҪԼҪ鲹ϡ
ûϸ˵ҲͰûʡ
ףڴԼǼ򵥵ľ֮ˡ
Ȼ̫ĵȥ϶ҲҪһһƷ˺¡
壬Ϊ
֮ûдӰͬУΪǼԺˡ
ͬⲻܹͬרҵѵΧĶҲᱻƲ
ִӦⲻɱȷȥͻΪһ
ڣΧѾûж棬û̫Զ
룬ǻŷֻҲȥֱӾ͹
ھôģҲĦ
ȥĵһط԰ӡ
عеʱ򣬱ͼڵص׵ֲ
԰ЩֲƵïܣƺΪգɫʰ쵡
ڶһ䣺ҡ
׺һһ߷ֱЩֲЩֲЩԼ죬ΪǱɫҲⲻԼ֪Ʒ֡
ţߺȻСķȥͼһĴֵָĳɫСߴԼűߵĲҶ
ΪɫԱûеһʱ䷢֡
ⱳ˺⡣
ע⵽С֮ڽ·˸Ķ
ﶾҲ˵ЩȥɫδĲľжġ
ǰͣ˽Ų
ȵСǰͣĵط
ڻͷһۣȷԼԺ󣬾һ۶ֱͽֲժһѶݡ
һ֣ժ֮ŵˮΪЩݽˮ
ȻվŲĶݳ԰ȥ
һβⶼεظ
ƽ߳԰ӣĿƲסϡ
ͽֲժȻǰٶ
ȥһط˴ЩԶһ·˲ˡ
صĲǳˣкܶСӡ
Ҳͬǵĳһڳ˳羴
μ

ˣ
ͯĻϲΣҿҲǵĳ󵨡
ڶ֮ǶߴߴΧһȺСһڴת
ҲڸողժĶݣ·԰гĶݲժÿյĹΡ
ЩСӣȻҲж
ע⵽ǵͨһڷ۵ģҲмͬһڷۡ
𶫵˵ͫɫ֮˵лѪͳ۾ͻֳɫ
һƷһҹȻžĹϵ
ǴһģЩΧߵСҲע⵽˱⡣
ͬ˵˼仰֮ǵкЩ͵͵ع۲˱⡣
Сûе⣬һƷˡ
ǿ˱̬ȣֲ֪ڴʣֻڸǸѣҲмСƵ˱ߣСͬ˵
˵ʲôʶؿڡ
ڽյĿ⣬˵ûл
ʶصͷԼտյֲ֡һƷٶ֣ôֱȥЩ綾֮
ĶڶЩߴߴС˵ʲô
иֳȻ֮ɫǶ˱˵ݣûΪַˡ
ֻһߣͬ׽ĺڷСкɿץŸӵ֣һȥ
⿴Զ֪ʧȥȵǿҪ뿪԰ӵķΧȥ𴦵ʱСкð˳
ץһ⣬ѻٵǰ#@%&@
ͣ½Ųѻٵø߸ߵҪԼСкͯ
Ŀͺͯ峺ڿһҲ֪ڶԼ˵ʲô
СкɫͬõĶݲһ
ǿȥͨǳ̫¡
Скеؿű⣬ֽӹ˻˵лл
ԲͨСкȥˡ
ǰ뿪һȺС˵һʲôǾֹسһȻɢ
Ⱥǿ֢ͯǰ죬˻Ժ㡣
ȥķƺɢݵ԰У̲סڣĻݣЩڴ𣿡
ڼǰȥǰ˶Ҫ£Ǿ͸԰ӡ
ǴһҪժߣҪȥʲô
ûֱӻشֻ˵֪ˡ
ܿһ
տĹ㳡ϣŵһ޴ḥ̂ƶĥ̵Ӧǻأĥתصȴûƶ˻
ĥ̵Ĳڲϵ̵֭Һɢһµ
ǰȥвǰѶݷĥУܿ죬޴ʯĥһеһĥѹ֭Һӳ
ȡŵĺ
װˮ԰еĻݡ
ڣֱֻʯĥ£Ŵĥ֭Һ
վ֮⣬Ķɫ֭ҺС
װСھͣ¸ϣֶԱ˵һߡ

عôߵֻһǡ
ǴӶģԼʱڸߴĵعȫòһǳ԰ӡ㳡кЩط
ҪڻһˣҪһĻʱ䶼Ҫˡ
һһ㳡
Ǿطһ˿ء
֮ÿʮŸһ˸ߵĸס
Ǻɫģװʲô⿴ΪЩڳĴױ߶ˡ
һǰߣӣֱӸﴫͬǾ޴ʯĥĻ֭Һһζ
̺ž綾Ļݣĥ֭ҺʱɢҲǲľ㡣
ӵĹ㳡룬һʯ̨ϡ
̨һֻȵµĸ׶Ҫ󡢶Ҫİףڸϻйܵڸ
ͣڸǰҲƲסģ￴һۡ
䶯ĸɫƳӭɫ΢䡣
վԱߵеĺŴʯĥн֭ҺڰС
ɫȻ
ںе֭Һ㵹ɾԺóһѵԼϻһ˿ڡ
ŵ֭ҺЩƳ֮УѾǻ
ڵѪһνȥĹƳһӷڸ￪ʼɱ
ĹƳ汻˺顣
ŵȥİ֭ҺڵѪټЩѵĳʬ۳һѪˮ
﷢ЩѪˮ߸У㳡϶˶

飬ʮ

12.1ʼ
˷
ÿһֻ﷢Ķҵɱ
Ƴɱ, Ƕݵ֭ҺڵѪ
Ƕҵ֮, ĹƳһ, ɱлµĹ
ۣȥǰľ
ֻǹƳ, ɱһǾĶǡ
һ۾͸
ڵѪϵˮ˺ܾã˿ڳѪʱٴõ滮һΡ
ָһ, Ѫеٴα
̲ס۾, תĿ⿴ԵˣŴ, ΪʱʧѪĴѾʧȥѪɫ
ĿϣѪֻճȭѪƫ׵ķɫԽĿ
ԭڴɽ£ɿŴʦȪƵĵҩΪЩ񣬷·ЩѪҺʣһע˸С
зڵģֻЩƳ, Ҳġ
վڹ㳡еʯ̨, Χûˡ
΢΢ҡһ, жʱһ
ܲ˵ķѪ, û»Ȱ裬ǳʲô£ֻԼͷϡ
ⲻ֪ǲÿһˣҪôѪ
˿Ѫٶٴ£𵶵ʱ̧סõ֡
õھ˲Ҳ˦
̧ͣԵˣˮհӳŮӰӡ
ű⣬ƺڵͣΪʲôҪԼ
㲻ٷˡ˵һʧȥ̫Ѫġ
ڲ԰׵һǴʹһƷǱܵĿӦøŶΪλҪң
ҹΪʱס𣿡
ҲûΣֱ˵˵֮ŷſ֡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôƵԵ֮ΪʧѪﵹ¶鷳
ڿֹԼϵĵ
ҲûɱСˣִСɰȡȪƿӡ
γƿ⵹˼Ȫ˿ϣȻ˺ϲá
һУŰѵ˵ɣӦþͻˡ
ѩ˿ڣֱȪȥҲǵ˵ڶ˿ھˡ
ڴĿ˿Լϱõ˿ڣȻЦһҡҡͷ
ȻֹͣעѪЩзڵĹƳȻûֹͣɱ
ʯ̨ǹ㳡֮ܲվﱻЩĥڿƲסеĻ档
ʣСڴ󷢴ȱ˵߰ɡ
⡣
Ǵ뿪ʱ򣬴ӸдԾɲڶ
ΪûмʧѪȥûʲô󰭣ֻѪɫһʱָ̻
һһ룬ȵգЩڳĸоͻᵮµĹ
ֻƣ˱Դ˸оﲻԡ
߹ǰã˿£֪Ҫȥĵطʲôġ
׼ȵִĿĵصʱȴǰһƬ
ǵ£кӦǵµˮ
ˮԴĵطͻïֲ
Щֲ￴ȥҲͬɫ𶾲԰Щûôޣô綾
ߣһź֡
һOO@@ʱͼһ˳
뿪Ժһ¾ˮ
վһΣһƬݴǰظ˷ŵĶ
һδһֻܣһһûڲݴС
嶾
иֳŷ˵ʡ
ϵ嶾Ҫͻȥ
ηߡܡ֩룬ҲӺߵһɳϡ
ɳЩɫЫӣڱӦٴζ£ȴͣûж
ˣϵĽЫѾŷɱˡ
վһֻɫЫӴĽ档
ĿԼЫӣƬ̣ڻְץԼ
ǰֻˣȻµ
ЫˣҲˡ
˽ЫԺƺˡ
תβ˵Զϡ
һȥһ㳡
ߵ㳡Ե˾Ϳǰۼ˺ܶˡ
ǰ洫Ȼ˵ʲôȴĽ
ɫ΢䣬ӿ˽ŲǰȥҲæϡ
ȺһƷеŮΧһ𣬼ڹ׷ɢ
⿴ǵ͸ѹȴִһС
ż˹ԽȺʯ̨ŵСк
Ск۾һСɷף͸ڵвŻᶳɫ
Сϣץһɫ޵Ķݡ
һ¾ϳ
Ǹղڶ԰ʱȥժûжĻǸСк
ôˣ
˵Ļڹְ̧Скľ࣬̽ʵ
ûлӦϵɫ鲻ǵһη
ԹСкֽ̧֮⿪ϱոոõĲ
ٴó˵Լ˵졣
ʶҪʲôʶ֮ǰסõ֣㲻ʧѪˡ
ЩΧԱߵ˼ڵľٶͬĽ֣׷Թ
ڼеذ󣬰Ҫ
άŰסֵƣոôƵĸףڸֱ۷Ѫľٶٿ֮أȻסСкԺиֳһߣϵһ
һȪɡ˵㲻ǾҪøһ𣿡
һʹ
ִʳǵĵһվܵ˶һʵ۽Ӽıʹţ˿̹붫ҵۺһ֡
ڶҵĻʹУŵҪź·
лҲף˶ʹΪ׼ĺá
ĿƤݵĶһȺɨȻ׵ĵϡ
Ӧ۰ŮҲǶΨӵйƺŵĻŮ
ĸֻǵĻĸŮλȴһڻ֮ǰڻʺ
ĸŮ˵ģѰһҲûʲôȻǵĲͬ
ֻǣҪǰΪƵʱ򣬵ɫȻһ䡣
лмüͷĿڵλá
в˶ڹעףһԳʣǾע⵽ˡ
ͬⲻһʹм˶ͨԡ
лм̴ϯλ첽˸ǰʺĸҲ˹£ôˣ
û¡
ӦǻҪӲţѾ̽
еĸЪл֮ǰӼԺݹĹ̵ϢʦӴҽڻӵǷǳĴڡ
һϸ˲䣬ϵɫͱʡ
һ̿ŻûʲôӦۺܿ쿪ʼ촽ϣ轵ɫף֧سԱߵȥ
£
ʺĻһס׵ĶȺҲվ
ʹУлҲվ
һʣ˭Ҳû뵽
̹ϷȡҩιӦ۳£ת˵ʺвʣϯΪֹ¡
ʹڣ˶Ӧ۱λϷŲ鸡뿪˵С
л᯴п꾰Ӧ۸¡ŶãֻǱΪˡ

¡۾ոλǸ

12.1ʼ
Ӧ۵Ĳա
ڴӵ뿪ʱ, ˼ŵвг, бˣܹӲ, ɵһ, ǿһȻɢȥ
ԷԵĻʺĻеŵ͵ǰ׹ȥɵʧе£
ǰʱͷ
û¡Ӧ۷С֡
ԱߵͳæǰǰӦſ˱ϡ
ǰǵ, ӦûӲţͳ챳ſ첽˼ǰ
˿Ӧ۱ϣʺ˵, , Ҵҵسŵ޹ȥ
ԼظţԵ˵ҽûУ
عǽ̼ͷǺһӲ, һ˵, ˣˡ
˵, ֻǦƶѻ, һѩתƮ, ̵ϡ
Ů̧֣Ĩȥϵıһͣյѩٴڻʳ
ӦҲڼнԱһᣬʧȥʶ
޹ԹȥӦ۲ڴϱúãҽ͸Ϲˡ
ҽϴųĺۣݲϡ
һ˫۾ԭҲɫģѾǵÿԭɫ
һ̾ӭȥʦҽҴһͷ
վŵĳ˻ʺ󡢵Ļ֮⣬Ӧصļλӣֻ˶Ǵҽ״ӣܹʱ˵
ǿŴҽ齵ķߣҲ粽ظ齱ߡ
ҽڴϵӦۣһľ࣬ͬ˵˼ԼҪĶ
̳ȥ׼ʱʹжˡ
Կŵ˼ŵƿƿ޹ޣͳͳûиϣż洫
ҽȡвб֭ҺĲҩͽץ˳棬ȻִĹץ˼ֻ档
ЩץϵĶɫʰ쵣ڲͣŤš
ҽҲգؽЫӺֱӷ˿У׽
ϣĥвеĲҩ
аĴѩƮҲǼžֻڴҽбѪ
׽ѵĳҲвУͬЩҶһĥţĥ˾ͽ⿪˵½
Ӧڱͽů紺޵ʱϵѾˣֻ¡
ҽһ⿪½󣬵ž̻¶ĿڵλϱӦùһƬȴֳһɫӡǡ
ҽĥõĶݶڳȫǿɫӡϡ
ЩƤѸٵط죬ͬΧӳȥɫ·ԾɫΧɢЩ֮ɫѹ
ĿڵһƬٳսһʱսơ
ԿǸӡ֮ʱϵɫͱˣǵһμӡǡ
ǶŮĸڼǰ˸ܵܣСһûͷԣΪɰ̵һۼϲȥﶼ
ֻǲų꣬Сܾܵزˡ
ʱŴϢҴҵĸ޵УԼĵܵѾ彩Ӳ촽ϣ·ڱѩؿҲһɫӡǡ
ⲻɺϣҲ㡪
ô£
ҽĿڵĿͣƬ̣Ȼ½£˻ȥ
̼ת˹·̶˲ֲࡣ
˵ֻ㣬ʣµľͿܲͦȥˡ

Ⱥ뿪С
ʹҲ뿪˻ʹصʹС
ӦڷŵϯͻȻ᯴ǻûôǡ
Ψлеһ
ȻصԺкվڴǰķѩԺ¸ǡ
Ӧû»ãʱʲôôǾǶҵĹɥʱҪӻʶ뿪ȥĵطұˡ
˷磬ԭ͵Ʈѩм˷
ʱлתͷȥеһˮ
лж˵ŰɡȻĿϡ
еĶУһʮǾи֡
һлоòƽƽһ˫ֿҲûʲôӣ˿书·
ֻǽлһȴӡЩͬ
ϵķɫҪһȣָڴֲ֣ڳ̶Ƚһ֪ǸƵĸ֡
лжסˣվԭؽͷŴһиֳһ˿ǡ
ˮ֮󣬾ͬһ˳ȥ
лûг۲ߵƣȷʵ֮ͬǰһ
ûж⣬ϵ⣬طûκΥ͸Уͺһ
ˡ
л΢΢ü
ǰһ·ϹαװǸ˭أ
һʳǣһֵС
ȥװ磬ԭģŷ¥ٽֵķñǷȥ˲ˮƯŵĲҶǰڶҶ꣬Ӫһ鱨ݵ»㱨
ϢӦϯͻµ£ҲûӳٵشС
ϰļԺԱشۣԸƽԲȫ̬ͬӦ⼱ķʽͬز۵ʮһģһ
󣬶ҷ⾳ŷרעڹʵûôעҡ
ϵĶһ٣ҲǵһϢ⵹ǿԸóȻܵȥЩϵ
ڶҵĻʳвٳһݵļԺԱǰĳٷеĲ豭Ȼ󿪿ڵһƷθǰܵ˴ֻΪ˸һƷԡ
֪Щ飬ܹʱʣò࣬Ҫг˾ֻôһᡣ
ֻ;ðȪԲŻıĿ꣬Ҵҵؽߡ
ŷ̧֮ۿվǰˡ
˵ʲô쳣Ϣһ˵ˡ
ȽЩϢռ֮󣬾ͿƶھǴű⵽ȥˡ
ʹС
һбʹڴܹܵĴǰ׼ܵĽӼ
ϱߣڣˡ
˴ӹ߹Ŀ֮곣̵ֲ
£ɫĻܿãﻨ㣬ɪ
ǰʹű𶫵Ǳ߻Ҫ絽գֻһֱæڹ£ֱղпռˡ
лڼʹУһδʹŹطõ񲿴˶ʮܴˣһξ¡۵ǻʱͬ᯴һء
ܴһźһһ˵⹬о¿ͬһ
ǰ·ĻЦеתͷūܴҲǷɡ
ԭһܴʱ򣬸·Ȼ̫ࡣ
ӣھ¡۵ǻʱڵԣھ¡λۼλˣȻŴְܹ֮
лڼŶ˺ѣ˼ʵûжǴҪµϡ
ֻǿŹ÷⣬뵽Ǳѩأ;øԼȥܻ
ͬеһлڼҲ֪Լñץˣֻͬ˵һׯȥŻϱչء
ܵ뵽ȥľٶлڼҲֻǱʾǴܶѰӣҲڻطʹһ
ȣ߹㳡˾ڵĹС
лڼջƮ򶫵ҵ˼ܴһ˵С
֮ǰ˵µͺᣬлڼѾ׼УǴ׵ĵ֮˵ƽ̧ͷףлڼǱ۵һ¡
վǰܴ˸⡣
ȷеǵµۣҪΪǰλǾ¡ˡ
λµۣ⿴ľ¡۾һģһ

12.1ʼ
¡۵ǻʱС, ܴ˼ǵ١
¡۰ӭ, Ӧӡ
ڵиǱʹ׼ϯλϸ£ͼˡ
Ӱһ, ׵µҲ, ǱҲãű߿ȥ
Ǹˡ
Ŵѧʿ˽Уͬһ񣺡μ¡
ʦ׵Ŀһڣ֪Ϊοһ£˵ѧʿƽ
л¡
ѧʿɫ糣վֱ, ϯλеıʹš
˫λͬڴܵʱлڼǳ͵ģѧʿ
ˡлڼڣ׷׳ѧʿͷʾ⡣
֮, Ǿ˵µ۶Դѧʿ, һȻԲ١
¾ǼһʹҪдѧʿԡ
ۼλЩʱգȥôʵһ˽⡣
һ̧, ǰѧʿ
ȵŴѧʿҲԺ, ܴ˲һ֣ž˵ϻ᯴ʹ, Ǿ¡۵ǻ֮ʱճ, ֪ڵеǵǱ, ҶҪΪԼŵƽˡ
ƽǾ¡ķš
һţһ˵ʮѰζ
еԢô⡪һΪƽΪԢλҲ»ľƽƽ
ܴ˵Ļ䣬ǶŴѧʿͿ˿ڡ
˵ƽİܣȻġ
ҲǣҲǡܴЦǺǵصͷ
ʱŮ룬
ȷŮ뿪ܴ֮ٿ򾰰ۣȴĵĿҲڿߡ
ţ
ܴʶ˳Ŀ⳯Ǹȥ۵ԼԵϡ
ܴ΢΢һ£ʲô
ôµ۵һμƲˡ
ţ޵лڼ;תһȦŵ塣
ӲҪ˵ʲôܹϵһĻˡ
¸ôԶܴҲóʼãⶼϡ棬ϡöӵɫһģͺͬһ֮֡
ôأ
ܴ룬ǴܸԶأӦþɺϰˡ
ţͰ׵ԺרƷֱߵĲ
ܴһɣȴǴһĻᡣ
µϵӴŵöȷʵӵ̵Ӷǳͬһ֮֡
Խôľ룬϶һ׹ռĲǱˣǱ⡣
ѧʿųʹܵĶһһͰѱĻŸö嶼ڹѧϰ񣬵ǵĻȵµۣͬʱҲСʦܡᰡ
꣬Ȼʺһ˫ӡ
룬һ̥˫Ϊ֮ףѰ˼Ҷһοڵҡ
ֻǶԼʮ»̥һӣȵۻȻʺ󣬶öɱκһ
Σ˴ӣСߡ
ʱСӵľǰ
Ȼʺʦͬţ¾ǿһϣҲúչĶӡ
οڽӵеСӤ֮󣬰ͷģԼ̳Լ²ǾͻϲصؽԼĹŵӣ֮ˡ
ǵʦСø̫һģһ׵Сʦܴߣڱʱ򣬸ֱӰСʦ͵˱ȥӵӰ
ʦ˵ǣȻܲסһģһĻӣǰ͵ԶĵطȥҲͲӰˡ
Ҳ룬Щһֱƽ̫Ҳ𽥳˺ϸļ̳ߣȵȻʺ󶼹ȥ֮󣬼̳˴󱦡
ԭΪͨĺɳɳϰһգΪԼû˵СʦҲӦһӶص롣
ֻǰӭλʮ꣬ͷֱԴȱӡ
ûֵܣͬʺҲδãһݱλͻ
֮ʣ֪Ӻδ֪Լһ˫̥ܵǾҪӭ
ǿԣλ
ǲУҲ֮ǰһԼ׵ֵܡ
뿪ʹɴѧʿȥǵʦš
֮󣬲ŴӦȥ˱ܣСʦӭ˻
ֵ֮ط꣬Ȼֳλµ۵ǻ
ŴѧʿԼСʦһԾţعͳֳۡ
ȻǰЩе޴룬ҲǱǵĸ֮£һ֮·ȥ
˵Сʦܺģѧúܿ죬ҲԸֳнӹǧصһټĹңڱܻһǣҡ
һʼԸ˵ֱ̫ǧԼҪʹܣСʦܲдһţȥ
ѧʿԼ˻Ÿһ̩ĻţСʦܵ۾ˣټöʱϸǷųʡ
ԭЩʱѾһЩʣһ¾ͺЩϵĵϸȶ񸡹һɢȥ¶ǸӰѣбꡣ
ѧʿǲ֪ǷŶ˼飬Ǵ֮öһֱûнġ
ԣձʹֳ̩ڣһֱǸ򿴣ŴѧʿҲ⡣
лڼڸдûмߵӰ˿Ҳûвµ۵Ŀ⡣
᰿ߣûʲôԺЩҲЪ
ĲлУʵ̫ϧˡ
ջĿ⡣
յ˱ţֵ壬Ҳʮʦ֣˵Լ뿪֮󶼷ʲô¡
ʦֵܶ˼ڹУʮټʱעӣڸһɳϡ
ֻڲֹͣѹڱ˵ԼֱӴСʦܵ·ʦҪۡ
һСʦܵ·治㴩
ʮڱܵʱ򣬴ʱǸлһ
ҪʹлеȽйر֪ʵڲ࣬ѳζҲֻͬ᰽ʱļжٽ̫ǧﶫ˵ķѡлеӦԣ֮һϵбʡ
ЩȻĳȣҲŵ᰻ûԼġ
ˣҲγʹĶʱ᰾ãȼ֮ôͬ⣬ֲԵù࣬ϧû
ͬ˺ţлڼҲ˵˼仰ӦϣҲûҵԼʵ¡
ʹϯϣ绹Ҫĵ֮󣬱ʹžٴ빬ʣ°ڵУ̧Լ
¡ܹˣʱľλԵЩľٶ
ˣ̷֡
ܹܵͷˡ
Űᰣµ۸ƽȫһ
˫ӣʱҲͲôһƽȣ¶·µ۾ҪԵЩԼ˼
Ҫᰰ˰֣ڻϰǸ˷Լ
ʵҸأڹУõ϶Ĵ֮͵˵ͷ˵ߣȥ֡

12.1ʼ
¡λ֮, ƽ, ھԼ
󲿷ʱ, ǸĻʺƽУżҲص, һæĵܵܡ
λɴ, Ҳɴࡣ
ֻû߿ˣеĴѧʿ󽫾ҲḨóϵλİᰡ
ջصУҽ, Ȼûʲôɫ
ľ¡ۣƽȴúܵ
ҽ˵, , ڹͬԼ塣
ڵӶʮ͵ǻԣ˵ⲻ, ûзæ, ҲõֻҪͬԼϲһ
ʱ򣬼ľԼĸڴߣϺЦͬɩڶĵĻ档
ڵżһģһǿžǲһˡ
ӭȣڲ, ոһ, Խһ
᰼޶, Ȳ̸, һ˿Ľ֪Լʲôʱһ
ڵ̱Ҫͨǿű¾˽ȥܹ˸ƣȻ˻ʾ£Ҫˡ
վͷС̫Ϣһˡ
ܹ̫࿴ǵµ߽ȥ𣬽һֽ֡ɩֻڵת棬еĿռ䶼ǡ
ᰲһ⣬ӭͿ
ֵ֮˽ദʱͬѰ˼ҵֵһ㣬ֻȴ߹ĵ˸
Լλø
ллɩֳλ£һģһֵܶһǰ˻Ӱĸо
ӭʣʹˣ
ᰵͷĿɨ־ԼİͰˮûɩֳȥ̧ۣĿԼĸ磺ʦѧʿһġ
ŴѧʿĴʦ֣ܸĲƺ
ȥһԣΪ裬ԭʽ̫ҽΪֳνΣĿڵһɨͼ̯Ļ
һ棬Ͱǰͷˡ
תӭ˵ָɩ壬Щʲôģ
˳ĻӭվǰִһȻ򿪿Ļ
ȻĿЦ˻еĻٸܵܿ㿴
ǡ᰿ֽϻŵǸŮһϮɫȹ硣
Լ˫̥磬ԡ
ӭͷ˿ԼŵԵܵ˵ⶼǸδŮĻŹ㶼ˡ
᰾ֳĻÿһʶһˡ
ЩĻʲô
ʲôϵ
ƽѾ˲裬뱭У϶˹
ֵܶ˵Ľ̸ԱߵİãȻɫֻ΢Ц˵µǻѾƽȣҲӦѡˡԺʺλԴ
ӭλôֻ꣬зһˣϥ¿顣
˰λãΪɩҲãȺҲãϣµܹسʵ󹬣֦ɢҶ
ᰣ
ɩеĿ⣬Ժֻһ뷨
˵õĲһ
ʦ룬Ϊ˼ԼΨһˣѼϼ˻ʵۡ
Ѿˣû˸˵ϻʵ֮Ҫѡ㣬Ҫʵ󹬵ġ
ᰶʱ˾ܾҲҪ
ӭΪʲôҪ
վڷԣϻ̵ƽҲ
Ҳ͵һС
һվǰƽ򸾾Ц
ǱĽҲͰˣ˵£
ӭ˫ӣ˳ǰ󲻹Ƭ̣ӭأûףѾˡ
ƽ̷£̣˲裬ȻӷнӹǷŮĻ񣬶԰˵ڲɣú룬ٻһ
ӭصԼλ£Ҳ˵û롣
᰼ϾҪԼո˵ҪͷѡӣѵվӲҪԼ˵ͬ˵ˣ
ϲ£ڱл֪ʮʦҲ֪ˡֻص룬дʦȥҲûųϹԼϲˡ
Żص뽨ҵܸ֮ƥݣʽȥףû뵽ķչͬԼϵĲһ
ûнҵҲܸܵĿƥݡ
ӭŵܵϱõɫûԼҲôı顣
תͷͬԼһȷ˰᰻ֱ֣ȻΪѾˡ
ר飬ڵǻ֮ǰѾԼϲˣ֮һһһ˫ˡ
ûڻҳĵܵܿȥҲ⡣
ĵȴţŵܵϲϵĻļҵĹڵȵ᰿ڣ˵ѾϲˣֻȢ
˭ҵĹƽʣñǣңһǸɰˡ
ر֡ʶ˵ԺֳָӣǺܿɰ۾ܴ󣬱ӺСҾҹө棬ߵﶼᷢ⡭Цʲô
ᰱΪҪɩǰ˵ԼܾѾⷢ죬ڼһ̿ӣĵ͸ˡ
ƽգֻ򴽣תǰ뿪
ٿڶЦüֳӭòײͣ˵û£Ц顣
˵̧˸ʾ˵ơ
ᰣ
Ѿͷˣ˵ȥҲûʲôˡ
ü˵ڱʱ򣬱ΪֻǸСѾߣлеӰ൱ٳЩҾȢû뵽Ŀ
ô˵ǱܵĿӭŵܵⷳյı飬õҲʲô£ҪҲ൱ˡ
ڿɲӰˡ
ȴ㲻֪ҾҪ޵
ܸԶòײŻصĸߣܹϥ¾ТԶףζһҲûмλܹصȥ
Ὺġ
ĵĻôԼȢҲûʲô塣
ͬϲ֮ҪñԶؿҸĳΥġ
ӭŵܵܣԶʮֵϲСˡ
ҪӹǧصĲɣҪֵĻС
ӭղ˵ĻСڱʶģŮһαʹĺҲӣҲλĸˣ
תĿ⣬վڶӣ֪˵ĻҲˡ
˷ͼƽ˵ͷ
ԹŻǸĸ֮ý֮ԣڸʸĸѾţܹᰵĻľɩˡ
ȻҲ룬ôǾӦҸȥ
СԸ޵ֻǰᰵ뷨ϲλǿҲϲãôԶҲ⡣

12.1ʼ
ˡ
ʧ, ɫӡʧˣ
û, ˣ
⿴ʣµĴƿȪСк, ؿڵɫӡǻˣҲƽֻһ
ȪȻ, Σ, ȷȪǷܿЧ
ΧһƷ˶˼
ﲻͨ⻹ǵ⡢Ҹϲ
ʯ̨ϵСк˶ǻ﷢ϸС
һֱķӦ, Ск۾ٴδ
Ск˶, ˵˾ʲôӦ
òҽҲó۲졣
ȷСкȶ, ϲٴθֳЦݡ
Ц֪ʲôСкҲС, ȻĿΧȥ, ˱ϡ
峺۾ӳԼӰӣҲʶͬСк¶һ΢Ц
ˡջ, ʯ̨Եûˣȥɡ
СкĸĸһֱԱߵ, ˿̼һ, ǧл, ΣյĶӱߡ
ǵعôʱһؿԳӡǣȴĺӡ
˿ڵĿ⣬øӳ羴
ڽóȪ֤Լ룬вֳôƽ
Ĳ²ǶԵġ
Ծȵǡ
ԣھ뽫õУˡ
ֻϧֻǱ⣬лС
СƿȪѾùˣٴ˷Ļûеڶλᡣ
ڹȥôʱ˶ԼͻȻ£Ȼʵǿϣڲϣ֮󱻰
⣬Լ⺢ӵõʲô֢ڵĿֻͣƬ̣תˣԸͿȥ
ǡ
Ϥһͷ̹ɣ鲻֪ʲôʱҲˡ
ڵɣԱ˵롣
ڲͬԼֻͣðɣ̹뿪
վԭأȥıӰ
дѩ
ԭҪȷѩ֮ͣٵʳȥȲȥˡ
-
һʹ
Ӧ۵״̬Ҳָƽȡ
ĿһƬڷȣΧɫɢ˴롣
λӶ뿪ˣĻҲȥֻ»ʺڵ
֨ѽһ򿪣̹Ŵҽӵг
һ뿪ڣĺͼѩʦͽ˶ϰĶͺ䡣
̸Ŵҽ߹ѩϮĻȣ˱ܷ紦
ǽǺ͸γΧ÷ѩ޷͸װع磬صıѩȴѹ֦Ҷ
ǰĸžͬҽһϣΪŶһڷ絲ꡣ
ʦ̰ã˿̲סʵҸʵõʲô
ҽת˵ʮӵزۣɻǵã
ǵáҧôǣ
۰ĵܾܵ׵زˣûвʲô֣Ҳûв
ʣһοǺҵܵһ
ҽ˵
һ
뵽ڵڵĸʣ뵽ܵСġ壬׷ʵҸҲᡪ
ҽûǵ۾ԼĵӣȻû˵ĬѾ˼
̲ɵǰһץסʦӣʲôʲô˭ģҪβܹ⣿
ǲǶҽǹơ
ƣ
̵ͫ΢΢һƷ󡭡
¹һƷĹüֻҪһʣ뵽ľǡ
һƷѾֱʣµȫҲƿУǻˣ̻ܲţڡ
յһƷֻΪҵһУԶǻҵ
Ȼ˱ڱֶܷټ֮ı֡
ԼѾܹˣҲϲɫ
ȴȡͻȻת˼ƻ׼ɱŷ𣬶Ǽش̩뿪ܡ
ҽ˼˵Ѿ֪εһƷ˭ˡ
֪̻شţ̧ۿԼʦʦ֪ˣ
ҽͷֻʵΪβЩңѵУԼŬ׷ǵĲҪǵæʵ׸
ҽҡҡͷˡ
תĿ⣬ٴοǰĲãѩǣʵ̫࣬һƷȻүɢԶ˵ĸ󻼣Ȼ֣Ƿ¹ӵʵݣ£вһƷʵүƣֻᷴ˵øӷ񡣡
ڽһƷЩڳ£ھɢĸ֮⣬ڰЩӹǰθֶεһƷҡ
Щҽ뾡취ϵĹơ
ϣ
ĸ֣̲סǰһҪҽ۾ʦȷԼʲôʦ˵ϣ˵Ҳ
ĵܵܡϣԼҲǱĹƳ档
ôΣյĹƳһֱǵڣȴȻ֪
գζڹȥôУҲʱʱ̿ɽϡ
ոڵУʦ˵ûн֮
̶
̸еҽݵůԼļͷ
̧ۿ˻ǵпԼӰӡ
ҽӣȻڿǸǰ׼ΪӵСŮôжûг
һӵǻ꣬ʮ֮ǰƳ涼׷
ȼҽŷ֣ʱ֪һָ̬ƽȡѧϰҽ꣬էһʱ򶼻ʧ룬οأ
̻عס
˶֪飬ʲôǣֻ֪ˡı磬ȥѰҽİ취
ꡢʮǵ
˵һʮͿԸǡ
ʮڶѾнʮ꣬˶˺ܳʱ䡣
ڵĹô£̧֣ԼģΪʲôϻΣյĶڣȴӲ֪
ҽĶ˵һƷҵĹϵӦ֪
֪һƷΪһҷһǹ⣬һӰڻҵ˫ӵҲһһƷ
ҽףϵĹƣʼµġ
ڻеӵܣǱһƷļߣ϶һĹơ
Ϊɸѡļߡ
õӣͻزۣЩƳҲǲܰٶš
ƳأǻҲ֮أܹɸѡѪܹѪ
ˣŶһѪͳ˵У϶һơ
ⱾǺ£ǰθսһƷԶҵͳʱȺѳһƷȴƣ˶һһطˡ
Ǵ߷ƶҽѩ˺ţ䣬ҪöһѪͬһᣬҸүƴȫҲƶʱӻ֮궼취νѱǱԴĹƳȥ
ûгɹ𣿡һеθһ䣬ǻҪ
ҽ̾һ̧ңԶؼᶨ¸ѾصҾڣҪ쵽۶
Ӧ۳Ųȥ֮ǰΪҶ
֮УʺϵľͬѪһƷ֮ܶӰڡ
һƷһһͳ˶ôĶԹԹ

12.1ʼ
ⱻͻʱ, Ӱһ˴Ժ
ǷĴѨôĶ, Ժȥ
ԺŴ򿪵վԺеӰ̿˹ⱻɣ̹˻
֮, ¹, Ȼûд
ϵ·մĶ档
˽

Ӱǰúõؿһ, Ȼͬȥʱһ, ʵû°ɣǶûС
û¡
ҡҡͷ, һȥһ߶˵Ӱ, 
лҪԼ˵, Ӱߺԥظȥ
˽ݣӰ룬ûнŹϡ
ǰʾ¡
Ӱͬ˵Ӧúܿ뿪ˡ
ӰʣղǶ˴ȥʲô
ûʲô˵, ǴعһתһȦ, ҿЩÿ¡
ñ⿴Щ, ҪڱܳһƷЩŷɥĶŵŮҲˣǵûʲôͬ
ҿЩҲΪ˸ңҪȪΪԼΪ˾ˡ
Ӱ߳ĬƬ̣ŵһƷˣʹöңôܡҲǱ亦޼ӦΪЩ
⿴ȻʵһѽǶ񣿡
Ӱýġ
⣬ԥػشֻǱƶ˲ŷƶ񡣡
ִڶϣͻж񣬶ںУ塣
ͷҿһƷҲһһѱƶִˡǰһƷ˷ˣڱ飬һƿǣҲлһŶɶҵ
Ӱߵ˵ЩǴ𣿡
Ȩ汦ľҲ뷨
ֻǱܺķͼӪȻȥȴΪչ¶һʹͬɸΪ񲯣Ӱ߾òС
ⲻⷺġ
ǿ͸Ĭ֮뷨ҡҡͷģҲˡ
ڵĿΣڴЩ£ٽмǽӡ
ڣҲ߱ҪȵЩϵĲ֢ζ
Ӱ߼¶˳˼Ŀ⣺Ҵǰ棬ҴųԹ
μŷͬһⶼԸоõڶŷԣ֪ΪΡ
ӰĻڵһƷλθŷʲôҲ֪˵УӼԺŷ˵ĶȥڲһԱ
ЩҴ˻е޷˺λһƷܡ
˵ĻǶԵġ
ӰҲڶŷ˵вԼߡ
˵״Ը˲вƿصͬЭ
ǴҶ£ƽȵ̸һʽס
԰ˣԵأҲҪۡ
Ӱ߿ŮףʶĽʲô
̧ۣŷǹ֮¶ŷĳԹһƷԼԺĳޣôŻõҪġ
Ӱߵǿ̸ͬ
֪һ㣬Ӱ߽нͬ˵Щԭ
˵Ҫӳȥ
ûӳȥİ취뿪ˡ
ԺＫ䰲ڷУڻ谵Ĺ￴ŶԷ
Ҫӳȥǳ򵥣ֻҪ׹ռһ㣬㹻㹻ʱգܿԭغٳܹȫѡ
ΨһӰߡ
׹ռûдȥ
֪ܲܳɹҲ֪ǲɹᷢʲô飬ðա
ǰ꿪ڵа취Դ룿
ͷӰ˵аգǾӣҿԼԼ뿪ǵעڻ
ű⣬˵Ļʣ˵ܹԼԼҲֻ̬ͬȡ
˵дѨַס书ȫʢʱıѩӳȥҲܻܲ
Ӱףӳȥˣǻлռ
һֱһƷЮ֣ǾŷҲҪ㹻Ĵ۲ܰǾȳ
촽֮Ա˵Ⱥ赣ҡϻҩ֮ҵĹͻƵƽ
סһѨܹĹҲƽһˡ
Զ˵ͬ˵һҪ뿪ǶȻܶͣɳ׷Ҳ̫ࡣ
ļǺܴġ
ԼĶУҲ֪ѷʲôıѩУˣҲʧ򡣡
㲻õġûļܣֻԿض˵
үүĲƷ֮мҵĵͼĿ
ѩײеֻҪ׹ռоܹ
·ϻôյͼѾҵʵòԺмŵĵͼӦˡ
ʱѵĵط뱱ܽĻôͻԽ߾صܣĻȥ롣
˼ᶨҲ˼ƻðһӸһƷץѺ͵ǵĶȥ֮䣬Ӱѡġ
Ա˵ǼԺڶмݵ㣬·ϼҪȥǾӡһᷢźţӳȥ֮󣬾ȥѰҼԺ鱨ڡ
Ԥϵ˼ԺŶ͸ǵڶҲӪкüݵʱ򣬻Ǹе˼ԺһƷЩŵս֮ҡ
ͷӰ߸Ľͷţ;ܹ·мԺݵĳǳأǳɹӻļʻߡ
ȵӰ˵֮󣬱ԼĺɰȡСƿ
Ӱ߼ƿˮʱʱᵹУڿϡ
šװȪƿӵݸ
ԭǿյģղȥ·ʱ򣬼ٵװһƿִ˻
Ӱ˵ǰˣҾȻġ
ֽӹֻ˵Ҫʡжܹⶾ˰˿ϣվϡΪ˱ҲűǣģҪ
ӰסССĴƿ֣صضԱ˵һ߾ܻ
籦ϣûá
ʱ̹ɣˣ˱Ӱߵ۾Ǵ뿪
ٴαҰݣůĵص׻صϡ
ľƵУڱ÷֮ǰɣ͸ĺá
ȵǵִ棬ݵٴδ򿪵ʱ򣬷ѩһٴδʢĻص˺
Ӱʱ򲢲ѣһ·
ʱǱ۾ıȴ·ʱһ
Ǹŵḷ̌ܿ˻
ֱ۾ŵĺڲûժ¡
ʼڴѩд뿪ǰʱű׼ؼա
ҰһָͿԼеڡ
Ҳ˺ãһ顣
Ҫȥ
гŵڴ̧˵ȥһǶҵȪ

ƼСѵĹġתͼƻbyҲ
ʢԼһõĿ꣺
ҵһȣӵһųڷƱɹĻһ׳档
Ȼ˳ŪһĳЩıҲûʲô鷳ġ
-
װԾտһΡ
ԼҪȥһڻĹһӮҡ
ɶⰡԼǶ֮أȥƣ
տԴ֮Աǡ
һµΣȫǹڻǻΪĴһŭʬ²״󣬾տĬˡ
ùô⻹򵥣
ܳ治֪ҪһùҪɵʲô
ȻոСܣ
競ǰة X ˳кڡǰ
һ屶˫

12.1ʼ
ڳͣʱ䲻, ڵ»ǸЧؽһ顣
˾ʮĿ˸ʵӡ
µĳѩµ޺۱֮ǰҪ, ѩŴѩҲӰǸ·
뾳ʱԲִٵ׼, еٶȸ, ҲܵøΪƽȡ
ķҲ㹻ǽڸøĳסˡ
ֻͣ˰գȵҹĻ٣ҪҵطϢʱʹӱĳ뿪ˡ
⵽·װ任ˣߵĻʼǲˣȻõ˳ֵľ
˼⣬װ㹻һ·֧ŵʶ
νгŵȥȪָӦþڶһʶ֮еȪ
⵹Ҳʳ, ҹõȪȷʵǵĹΧ
нٶȱһʼ붫ҵʱ, գһǡ
Ӷұ߾һǳҪʮ죬ǵȽ뾳, ǳؾܼࡣ
ڳָƥЩʡ
һƷڶҾڵֲС, ֻҪ̵ĵط, ǵϵ
ϵͨ˴Ӫ, ܼԺܰԼ鱨ݵ͸, ˵ŷ常мԺǰЩִߣ㹻ͨ졣
ͣһҹڶһ磬ٴ·
нһ룬һǳڱѩѾԳɫĳǽѩԳǿҵĶԱȡ
һ򿪳ķѩ;˽
۾ңңڼĸߴǽΧĵͬԼеĵͼգͷһӰͬԼһżԺݵĳǳء
ȷһ֮󣬱Ｑٵ
нǰͷѺӰߵں󷽣Ӱڣֻܰѳºϣλϡ
ʱˣսԼӽȡڲϵļ׹Ե׹
ڵú׼ǻڵʱУӰ߻ʲôʱֱҲȻǻѡڻƻҹһ˲䡣
ܹǱܵҩǿӳȥ
Ҫֳһ˲뵽׹ռ
۾
ֻҪһ׹ռУͻ׹һʧ
ȥХķѩѹѩϵȴһźš
ѹϵĿ֦
ѩе֦ɱѹΣѩڸǹȥ
нһѺӰߡ
סѨԺһƷûرע
ܿҪˣǳҲǰе˶ķѩУһ뵽ҲϢ¶޻Ұһ
ǽɵһ˲䣬ͻ
ǹѺűӰŶȻײһӰش˳ײ˵ǰˣ
ӰѾͷβѹһȴ֪
ѿԼײԺͺȻظӣһ
ʹ˻ֻǰ㣬ϵѩ߸ߴ
ϵͫдŲѪɫǱײɳȥ˵ѩϣܣ
ץס
һӳǰӹ
˵ĸߴ׳˶ٶȼơ
Ӱ߷ҩԼǱܣƥȴûߡ
ҪֳĶ
ȷЩ˵עԼеĿҲܹȡ㹻ʱ롣
̹ԼϮӰٴڳǶ¥Ļ档
ⶫҸһ֣֪Լܡ
ѨţƺԼҪݣûˡ
ϣͬϮ̹֣ת˲ͻʮС
ָ̹˶һУԭȥӰ߽һ֮ȥһ˻ƵЦ
ΪӰԲṦһҪá
̹վԭأû׷ȥ
ԣһӰӳԶݵӰ׷ȥ
ڷѩ䣬ܿͲӰ
ֱʱ̹תɨһӰײˣٳѾӳվԭؼһĻȥ
ϡ
ǰ̹ĿһԼѨ忪ˣ
ûС̹˵ʲôطǱһƣѾˡ
ɣ׷ȥӦܿܰ׷
ŷӰȻܲӣֱʱӳȥʵϡ
Ļڻǰһۡ
ղһȴûвһûа㷴Ӧ
̹˼Ƭ̣ȥ
ϹԵһϡ
ǰȥԴš
ڵ
δ䣬Աߵ˾Ϳϵɫһ䣬һ½Ŵˡ
յģһҲûС
ѩǰȴһƬ͡
ڵķӦڱԵҲæǰ
յͬʱɫ
ϣ¿زϽһѩϹ
ŸصΣκ˴Ӳǵ۾£ͷλôӳȥģ
ûеطܲˡ
һۣȷԼˡ
ǵĹʧ
û˵ս
ѹָոӰҪƴҲѳȥԭΪ˷ɢǵע
ܱʲôҪǺ
ӰԺƾһ˻ԼƤ°Ϣشȥ
ѵ˵ŷˣ
һðڵоȼŭ
ɿ֣ڵ£˵
վ
̹ƹǣԣеľߡ
Ӱ߶ԳȺɽ֮
е̩ƾʧ
мֻŶ̶̵ʱ䣬ܳȥˣҲӲ˶Զ
ˡڵ͸˷ѩǵĶС
ԭҪɢȥѰӰǾҲҪҳǻδ˵꣬оһðŷѩ˳
׽Ǻεͣ˻
תͷˣڴ˳еһƷʹ
ұѩأеĹƳڵ¶ԾԦʹӵֶҲҪۿۡ
һƷʹ֮λŵĶṦõˡ
һϢӻʶдһ̽һ̵ؽֱһƷС
ʹŽţҪðŷѩӳгͼͣĳӡ
ϳ˸ߵĸ֣Ҳϳ˻һĸʱ۾һǳ۳ҵĿǰ㣬ѩͣ
ʹ첽ǰϥ£һ񣺡μϣм
˵ȡţݸǡɳĸ
ֽӹԥؽŴ򿪡
ȿдʱͫɫ˲תͫ͵һ¡
˲֪дʲôֻڿϵ֮һ꣬дϢֽƬƬмֽмѩһߡ
Ƕˡոڱˣ£ɣ֮󣬵̩䣬˸ǻʶ

12.1ʼ
ǰ, ӦϵĹƶ, Ȼдҽ̸, ֶʱסĿһС̵ط̵ļջǵֲĹƶ
ɫٴοʼĿʱǴҽҲ췦
Ӧ۵µ, ʳһڳ
ſ, ϳ˳ʾһƣǵϳĻ֮󣬾ǽȥûѲŵǺˡ
ڳͣƬ, ˽ջػ, һ˦, һݡٴڻѩ·ϱ
ҡεһˣݿ˻еӦһģһ
ֻǻ޹еĵ˫, Ȼŵ, ͨ۵ϵʾҪࡣ
·ϡ, һ·񱼣ͣһԻ͵լۡǰ
Ŵ֮, ûţܿʧ˿ź
˰, ѩԽ, ֪ӺδҴһصʳе˲ų˹С
վůĹ, ŴԼһģһֳ
·ĵڴϵӦڻ˼֮ڶ˷Ӧ
ҽһţ۾
һ˫Ѿͬҽһǡ
ǹƶӵеס
ӦۿȥȻܿǰվŵˡ
ټԼֵܣ˶һҼû£һƷսУ붫һƬյǰһƷӦŬ̧Լ֣
ĸ硣
Ҳڴ߹£סֳ֡
˵ֽӴ˲䣬͸о˴Ӧϴһ¶ȡ
ӦĻҪ˵
ڶңڻе䣬δԸҪǵẮ֮뿪ůʪ󡢲ľïĵطȥϢ
ǧڴ˿̶Сġץա
ͷ˵ģĸ硣Ҷ֪һ㿴ţ
û˵ָ˭Ҳû˵ҪӦۿŵʲô
ǵõ仰Ӧ۾񳹵׵طġ
ڴϣת鿴ϵĴҽȻĿͶͷ
ŽĴʣǹ߸ߵĶӦ۵Ŀ·͸˴֣Ҳ͸˹߸ߵĶǴѩ׷ɡǧܲȥҪѰһ˿չ⡣
λ׳־ҪıһеĵվûҵԼҪҵĶ
ֻеϵʧ΢΢һɣӦ۵ƾͻȥ˴ߡ
һʹš
˿̣ڲŸոڳӵⷢǰš
Լ˳ǣ˲ʧٵı⣬Ҳ˲ϵɣ齫ǱܵӰ׷ûֱڳлһ׼õƥ϶һʮ˾Ͷҹɫðŷѩһȳű˳ȥ
סڱǣֻǽһ˫۾¶棬ӭ洵ķȻһˣðѩǰñҲܿѻϸСı⡣
һǳؾﻹһյ·ֻ̣ȥٶȻ죬ֻǷѩ谭·̱øҲΣա
ǲҹ·;Ҫҵطͣ¡
ϣŷǷдŵϢ
ӦϵĹƶԡ
ϢʹѾʹе˼գԴһƷͲ֪ȥڻػʶ·ϡ
ŴȻҲӦ۸ҽȴһֱ硣
ӦۻԲѣٻػʶӦþǴҽˡ
ʱлĴ㡪Ӧ۵ȲԼȥͼݱͬһģһԶλãȶơ
ʹգʲô仯ԼյҲ֡
Ӧδ³жл˾ڻʶ֮УϢҪ˷ҲóӦۡ
̡ڻʶӦߡ
ǵȵΣ֮ʱҽҲҪ¸
ԼܹʱϻȥӦ۵עˡ
ݣ
͵һޣʹſ¿ӿٶѩбܡ
ԤϲӦۻʱ£ҲԤϲʱѡѣһʧôס
Ȼûʣڻʶлв֪¡
ȥʶ֮ȻԱΪ̸ͬС
ȰѶŪ֣˵
ݡ
һƥƥѩзɳ۶ںҹѩлѩԭϵһӰ
ǻһ·ͣϢҪ̵ʱڸϻȥ
⣬һͣѩ
Ѿ˺ѩҲķ֮һûѩС
ͣڷѩɣӰķ֮ͬǰһûеȵ˻
ٿŵķ򣬳ѾˣֻʣسǵľڳǽϵȼķƻںڰҡҷŻ⡣
˵еѾҪˡ
ǻصŲӣش˫֡
һʵɣ׷һλȥӦܿǣôȥôãǻҪȥ𣿡
һֱȣȻǲܵġ
ҲǻΪɣ˺ܿҪִ֣ǲѰ֪ȥ˺δıܿ
һ˶Žţ˼ãڵɣôöûлӰƻ
û˵ɣ⣬УһƷĸֲǱܵӰϣᱻŲܻٳ֡
ǰʵ˵˼ǡ
ȽǡϵصҪѰⱱܿ䣬ɣ˲ҲҪϵ
á⻰һͷ˵ҳȥš
˵ƿţ档
ڳŴ洫ĺеѩͣõٴζ
΢΢ҡУĿ⽫ڳ׵׵ؿһ飬ַ˷ڴϵůãͼҵӳȥ·
һжϸѰһ飬ҲûзκαڿյĵطܴȥȻԱߵȴš
ûκܹڳŶŵʱϢӳȥǼ˹ˡ
һ󣬺ܿڳͣ
ãķѩУٴοƵ
ѩããһƬѩƵסĻҹû¹⣬ҰԵúڰ
ȺɽХķѩмХӰһǰһѩӹǰÿһ¶ڵѪǱѩһܿûκɫ
ɣ׺ǰǸӰ
һ·ϽΣӰ̹֮ˣһôԶɣ鼸ΪץסǶ
ɽ֮󣬵θӸӡ
Ӱ߽ɽӰʱ䲻ͬУһּ֧תܡ
Ѿտʼʱһƽк޼ⱱܼԺҡ
֮ǰϺ˵ɣ鱻Ӱ壬䲻ɱ֮Ҳ˼ˣӰ˵ñء
ֻףƾǷ̹ϣҲӦսӰ⻹ǱŴѨܷǱܡ
ôܹ֧ɽбôãԼ֣
ɽһ޴ɽʯӰͣ
ʯӻȡ˱ֻСƿͷһڡ
θ˺ѵʹ˲ͱĨƽ
ƿȪѾȥ˶֮һոձɣˣһںȵķЩȪһ¾ֻʣһ㡣
Ӱ߰ƿ¸ϣջ˻С
ƿװĹȻ
һ·ǿôһСƿȪѾǸŮ¡
ͬ˲ͬԼҲһҪˣӡ
ȪȹԼһְ˽ôһƿԼ
Ӱ߱۾׽ĽŲ
ƿȪŬԼĳŵػҲϣܹԼ˵Լļ϶ӳȥڵļԺϵϡ
ŲٴοʱӰ߻۾˺ڰеɱߣ˳ȥ

һҹ˵ڶ峿һһȺ˴ӿ˳
žһҹûκκۼѩԭ˳ֳɼ·Ѱȥ
֮ͣΪģЩеҰѰ˰գҲһ
Ƿ˴ɽѰȥҲһ
ϵ̫طŹ⣬ִﲻϣѰһ죬ֶֶػصС
Ѿ˲õĲ²⡣
ɣ׷ǸӰɽУһһҹûлֻ׶༪١
ǱܿǸӰһߣ˿ҲǱɽһģѩû书Ѿﶳˡ
ˣҪͬϽ
ǵĽ֮Уʱٹȥһҹ
ڶգѾûлϣǻͬһɳгŸԶĵط
ͬʱǿһĳ⣬ȴһ̡
̵ܳĶ޼ҪôѺ͵ĻҪôǵʵۺ޾ӵʱܷ⡣
ŵǵ·̶֧ӷ˽
ǼݻУ˸ģŷתϵָ۾

12.1ʼ
ڶһʳǾӪ鱨ݵǼԺˡ
·ڵһ, ˼Բ, ѡӪвΪ˷̽鱨, Ҳ˵Ȥá
ô꾭Ӫ鱨ݵĸѾǶСһ̣ļ, 
ŷ˿̰ľ⼸ž׷ǰǷծ競֮һ
, Ҫͻ, ӸҪޱѩӹŲҪĿ, ʶ˼ǵľٶѾֲˡ
Ǵӻʶгú˳һ·ߣҲǴҪѩԭ֮š
ŷѡ, ƾվġ
ǰ, һʶУԺ߾⵽һƷʹĶ
ʹӻʹгԺ󣬾һ·ӱ, ŹеϢűȥ
ʱҪ, ϧ۵ذϢͳϢĻ˭أ
֪һƷһҵйϵ֮, ŷȷֻҪʹ, Ǿܹ
Ȼ˻ϵԿ, ڶǮׯȡһǮ, ڶҾӪļԺ鱨ݵ֧, ŷҲԼǲ϶ҵĴûжȫ˵ļʡ
ֻǱ⻹ϡ
֮ǰʹӦϣҪȱشȥ
֮ڻʣ£֪˱䣬ŷͲֻڻʶš
Ȼǰ̶ӣŻһ·ٶȴ
ֻŷߵǴڴŵߵȴС··ϴˡ
Ժ̶ͣϵ竹ӴȺúһȥѩ
ӻʶһ·ôǳأûڡ
ҲмԺľݵ㣬ŷͬ˽һƷ˾ѾˣǸû
ŷǣһƷ˼ŶѩԭȺɽͽ͵֮ʱ׹ռ£ֱѾźЩõ
Щ߾ͺһ΢Ķ̬ͷ·Ͳһܴ̥̾ת
ӶѾȥգû䣬ҲûпԼʱֻܸԼ˼͡˯˼ʱ便ȥ˶á
׹ռǶȹ˼֮ҹûôá
һη֣Լǲ˯ߣҲԲýʳ
ţĹߵʯʱ䣬·Ϳͣ쳤ؾá
ָоԼǻš
ʱһʲôʱ˯˯ýʳʱͳԣ˺Ȫ˳߹֦ͷŵ֦ӭ˲ժˡ
˼գһ̧ۣͼߵİɢ˼֡
ɵ÷еĿ̵ʯվȥ¶ȥ
֪ЩȥĹɾΡ
ʱһҹЩҲб仯ʱûнʱͷֺصĺɫˡ
ţҪҸʺϵʱȥֻ˽ǣһֱЩ¸ԼΪʱȥӰΣԼֻΡ
Ե⿴ǰȥٴαϸסˡ
ӣֻˣûʧ
ջ֣תġ
Ѿô࣬Ҳ޷֪̽澿ʲô
ֻǵĿںĵʱ򣬾ͼ֮ǰ˵ʲô
һһ̣˾ͳ˺ĵСϣ۾ǰȪԳֲض
Ų֪ʲôֲʱ򼸺ϥһߣ̵Ҷӣ֦ͷż
֣Ĺһ飬һ߿ţÿһŶһ͸ˣ֦ͷ·Ҫĺɫ
׹ռĶǺö
һЩʯһǲ֪ʱںĵСϷѿСֲ
ժһţõǰꡣ
ϱûмùҲΪ׹ռõҲпûеȵ˵ĳ̶ȣСɫӵʱ
ǰ֦ͷʱûζǵһ·֪ԼѾ뿪֦ͷͿʼɢһ
ļʱѾ㹻Ȫ㹻߹˿ȸսʱɱ˼֡
ѾôණˣٶôһŹҲûʲôֹ
׹ռĶҪԼԹˣ֪ʲôãܰĵøá
ţУȻеھͻ˸֭Һ˳źܻȥһ·䵽θ
Ů̧֣ס˵Լһůů̫ڳطȣ֫ٺ
ȵɢſ˿Լ֣ʲôҲû
ˣһκȪʱ뻹ʱųˣһСȥôһ
֣ٿ˿ǰʣµļŹӣüȻûʲôҲ֪ʲôãǾﳤŰɡ
վٴһӺĻص¡
Ѿ˺üˣ˭Ҳ뵽ʵԭأڣҲܺķôʱ
ȵûʲôˣŴ
õĻû˿ţͿ취ȥãȻ￴ţʧ
СɰѾװһƿȪֱ߻һԭ׼ݣȴֺ֮ص
ٳԹͣɫӦѾ֮󣬱ս
˰ɫĺãñӣһְ̧ԼĶ˾ʹ׹ռʧˡ
ռʱǳʱȻԭء
ʱ׼Хķѩ
û뵽һȴһ΢΢ҡεĵطоǰŵϡ
һ
ѵ⼸ڵ˾һֱţûƿ
ֱԤ
ԭҪ̧ٴΰɰ룬ȴеﲻֹԼһڡ
ͣ˷ĶĿϡ
ⶨԭأս
ڣ
ĻȻ˲δȬҲСԼһлסΪʣЮųȥ
Щͷͬһ
࣬תͳȥ
ǲڣƾճֶ鷳Ҫס
нУͻȻڳŮֳһԲͳųŵ
һˣ˿ӦѾǱ⿴ǰִ̼ȴһ̧־һâϸ볯漤
ֶΣһ㶡
һ̣ﶥĵҡһ£ǰ˿ɫһ䣬Աȷųָٶһס
ⱻקǰһˣϣնյرֻܿž綾ĳ롣
͡һܹ͸εĸְĳһǷ˳ȥ
̽ӵ鱨֪˼죬̶ѰҵŷϤ˵ôǰѵģ

12.1ʼ
, ڱⲻžȻŷʱ, 洫˻ӣû°ɣ
ոһâＤ, ûпܲˡ
˶енٶͣŷάץסƣ̧ͷ˵һû¡
ǰȫ˶˵ŷ˵, еʵֶ˼֡
ǡĻŴ˵ֱóв, ЩЦ⣿
ˡ
û׷, ֻǽĳʵĽֱƻС
Ϊ׵Ļһ̧, ʾϢذΧ˸ԲͬŸɢȥͬͬһص˳ԯ, Ԧʹǰߡ
һָֻ, ŷŴĿ, źõıһ֧Լ
ոôһˤ˶, ֻֻŷǯš
û£ŷﰲſ
ϴľ綾, һմϾͻ˲Ϣ
˰ѱʱ, ˲Ͽϵ
ÿҲ֪, Ů϶ˡ
ʵ, ôһˤ, ϥҲ۵, ȫ˲ϡ
ڱſ֮, ֻάŹƣͷŷ
ڴĿ£ŷժñӣȥϵαװԭ¶ǰ
۾Ǳһϲϣ۵ȼ
ǰˣô˶ң
ŷһĿͼȻΣյץסԼӣ˲Ծǰ
⻹ʣôӣЩʲôˣ
ŷϵĶһԣߵλãʾⱦ¡
ƲסˣûʶУŷĿⶼûдԼ뿪
桢صؿͻȻϵı⣬ȷûܵκ˺
ˣŮߵʱ򣬺ֳЩ
סʣ˱仯ͺ񡪡ŷ۾ɽڳʯٴξ˴ĥâҫۡ
Լһ󣬲ֱԼڴܹ߳ӡ
һжУ̬ɣ˵ĿҲǴżġ
ŷһЦһط꣬ô⣬ܳ
ƽô˵ֻҪˣھúأ֪ŷ˵Ҳ˸ˡ
˵ȻԼﻹץһæȷŵһԡ
룬Լոƾճ֣һҪŷܼʱϳûȡ͸֪ˡ
ŷû׷Լ⣬ȻӦԼղŵǾ仰ǰǱȥһƷĵعֺ֮ܿټ̣ҪʶȥʱӰ˻ңҳû׹
׹
ŷĿͣһ˲⿴Ҳܵһ֡
ûжʣȽעˡǰʱϣʱеʹӦøողų
ʣڵعзʲô£
Ҫʶ
ʵ۾͸ˡ
̽Լڵعţнǳ֮󣬴լһƷĸݵҪ߹ٲʲôԵͳͳŷ
ΪԼЩҪȵص֮лͬ˵û뵽һ׹
룬ŷԸӦȫ׼ڹԵŴ
ŷüɫ衢ڴ˵ЩϢ۵׸ֳЩ΢Ĺâ
ǼԺڶҾӪ꣬ҲûҵһƷפǱ°ʣϢͱﾭӪ˼ʮ鱨ݵ㻹ࡣ
Σ˵֮ʵЩϢ𣿡
ŷԼ˼гüʣ֪ЩϢܲھ͹ȥǵϳˣ
⣺š
ȻУ಻Զӣ̸УȻҪЩġ
Ǵ˴ܹԸҲڱЩۻˡ
û뵽ŷȴҡҡͷ˵ҪÿʧˣһģܵҲЩ
ݵ㣬̫ɢڴѩ⾳Ͳܵ
֪һƷϳƺԹһۣҲֻܺܿϧķ
һ˹ģ
صȴڿϧ棬ŷȻֻ˶ңѹ˵һ̫Σˡ
ɱһƷĴӪ
ڴǶŷ֪ŷ˶ңŹ
ϾΪңű󵽶ġŷ´ߣִñӣڱǰٴαһݴĶˣֻ˫ۻóҵȻҪ˵ĴȥŶԵԵϡ
׵֣үүֻ̲סʵʧٵ£Ҹ֪ˣʦҲ֪𣿡
Ȼʧ٣󵽶׾֪ˣһĵúܡ
̣磬үүжѩ
뵽ѩڲ֪úεȵ𣬱ͺԼûиСġ
ġŷϵɫѵ˿ο˵Ľɫ㱻󵽶£ֻб¡ҡͻ֪¸߻ϣΪڣھֻΪڱׯͬѧϰ黭
ĸסĸ硢ǻ֪ԼߵϢһ
ûãû̫ģԼѾŷͷӬһڶײܿͿԻصȥ
ţٴοǰˣŷȫһڳеĵƻ··һ⡣
̫ˣͰˣܹԼȫ뿪
ŷ֮Ҳ׽ϢȵعΥشƳ桢ͬӦһͯ
ãһԭˡ
ڼǰ
ŷѾҵ˱⣬ȴûͣ˼
ڳоȣǽ⿪ϴŵĺãԵ˵ߵʱ򣬻ûнӵʶϢ
ʲôϢʶʡ
ŷҵĻʵͻѾԣ֢״ͬһƷĵعм֢ͯ״һģһ
һǰٴθֳǸĿڵɫӡǡ
ŷ۾һ˿âɺϵǣӦ۵ʮҲΪͬĲ֢ز۵ġ
ԡ̲סʵֻҪлѪˣ϶ֲ
ŷҲǰǣһǡ
ڲȪҲһȪ֢Ҫҹϻػʶ
ڣΨһһǵˡ
ܿҪͻشȥˡ
ڱ¶㣬ŷͬȥȤ
ϱռȻˣɲʲôȤ飬Ҫ˫жг룬ƾвµþʡ
⣬˵һֱߣȳ˹Ҿȥ
˳ĻٹʮձͿϢػصܣصصС
ɱﲻԣһʱ˵
üǸոյĶԻȻ˵ԡ
ŷɫʵʲôԣ
⿴ص֪ҲȪˣΪƿȪ硣
Ϊڰ;ӵ˹ϢòϻȥûټǾֻһ͡
ڻʶΪӵȪڵš
͵س
ŷ㲻һģǲǣҲڶһʶԲԣ
ﰲƬ̡
˵ʱŷϣô
ƿһ㣬㽫ֱͳңӦٶȴԤϵĻҪ졣
ûзϣ˵Ҳܾôߡ
绹ΪģܰԼĸﷸգԼȴһ֮
ʲôأŷʵѵԼȥ𣿡
лΪʹŵĳԱģµĻȥȪˣҲʱʲô
ű⣬ȥ£һشȥ

12.1ʼ
⿴ȥǽʽ
ŷ֪, ֻаͻ˱, ꡣ
ڱʶ, һ·ȥʮ·̣֪м仹ᷢʲô⡣ŷҪȷһжԼƿ֮У, ñһ鷽£ʧ, Ȼٳ֡
ڳɽȥ, ˵ӰȺɽ֮УµŮ׷, ŷɽȥ, Ѱ䡣
нٶȲ졣
ĸλý׹, ٳʱȻĸλϡ
ŷΪ˾, 붫ңˣԽеܡ
Ӧÿԡ˵űߣ̧ͷŷ˵˿ˡ
ŷһͷְ̧ԼĶ
һֻ̣ǰŮʧ, ʲôټҲûʣ¡
ŷճȭⲻ۷
գ֮ǰ, ٴԳ˱Ӱ
ʧٳ, м䲻գ۵ʱ, ӹһȦԭվλǰ
һ֣ӱԵײһ£һµŷߡ
ֱܿˣҳԵ֣㡣
ŷһڱ֦
ŷ⽫֦ǰ˵ݣ˵Ҹոսȥժġ
ŷֽӹ֦óڣȴʱǸմժһ
̧⣺Ǵڻ֦
ڿռֵġ˵׹ռһʼʱֻһΧǰããںиСиȪðˮ֪ȪǴǸȪðġ
ŷ֦ѰһЩʵУüȻأ
˵ҵһνȥʱٴνȥʱ򣬾ͼΧɢЩ¶ءǸϱ߳ģҾ߲˹Ϲ
ŷ֪Сʱ£ڵõһĿռ䣬֮ȻСʱϱ濪˸԰лһů
ůҲǸֳ
黭̶ֻϲģ԰ɣġ
౦รĿոպãĽ˻ʹΧǹǽҪû
ŷţкȻһԷֵı˵ʧٵ£Ȼ˲֪֪ġ
⡰һղ˵ˣô˵һ飿
ŷ֪ˣǻʺҲ֪ˣûв͸ǽ㸸׽Ϣٺã۷ʱˣҲ˻ڳЩ˿
֪ġȻΣҲûа취˵ʲôأ
ŷһ£¸ʺһֱ޸Ļӡ
֪飬ǵͬ˵⻰һ£ŷͬ˵⻰һ¡
ŮڳĻȾһӣ졣
ŷ˵¸ϲԭһΪˣһΪ¡ǮׯǱʲƸˣ˵ҲԼ˽ģǲٵģĻջǴ̫ܵܳĻʺ󡣡
˵ţɫЩͣҪ˵ʲôˣǻһת˵㱻ڴ֮ǰ
Ļе˼
ҪͨĻȱûйϵҪδ̫ܳŮˣͱȱûȱ㡣
°һγڴѾϢѹסˣǵȱȥ֮󣬲֪һϢֻᱻһ
仰˼ŷ˵ĻãҲ޽ҡ
ֹⶼ˵ģҴͷβδ
ŷⶫ˵αװһЦֵҲ޸ˡ
⣺˵ʲô
ŷӳӰӣ˻֮⣬ŵԵѡиҵĹӣһĶӡǣδᱻƣӴֻһͨĺլŮӣҪһ޾ҪͬĴҶ±ԾǱǾܵġ
ȵ˷ˣ㱻°ңָȱЩҲûа취ķ塣㻹еڶѡ񣬾׸һָ
ĴȻƽӹĻӽãƽӶһȥֻ֮˳;죬ܳһʱ䶼׹䣬ЩȤȢ˹˶ʧȥ׳־ὥƽӹ׸Ҳһġ
ҽѡ취
ʣʲô취
ݶң˵صԺҪ׻޵£ʵ̫Īˡ
û£ŷһ˵ͻǲĻ֮У˼·ߡ
ŷĿе֦ǺɫıƤ뾧Ө͸֦룬ָһȦһȦӴ
һֵȻ˵Լҡ
ʲô
ⱻ˸ֲһ۾
ŷ֦ݵǰ
ڱѩ֮иӦôڵʢʹָӨĹâɢ˵
ŷάֵ̧ĶԼղ˵Ļ˵һ飺ΪԼҡ
ѩɫ£ԽĴ󣬵һ֮ȴǹְ
⿴ǰˣڵʵģȫͬӣŷ
Ǹڵָ֮ɱʮɱߵӣҲȨ㳯ҰִƵһȨǼ̳־Լǰʮİٵҳ
׵Ҳǳŷ
Ȼ⿴ȥѾ𾪵һ仰Ҳ˵Ǽº͵صң׺һǰͬҪʲôҾ档
סҵ̫ξҲס
¡Ǯׯ㣬Ǯԡ˵Ĵ󲿷Ǯƣġ
ϵӣֶķڣµĲҵӴ˶ӵλˡ
Ҫյ鷭Դָָ㣬Ժ֪ʲô˵ʲô²˵
ڹڹ⣬Ҫ̫󡢻ʺҪˣҵ̫ξˣֻݻʺͨͨܡ
Ϊҵ;ģҲȥЩνӦ꣬û˿԰⵹ңҲû˸Ҷ˦ɫ
˵һȢޣӣȢ㣬ᰮ㣬㣬㡣ҪӣǱ㲻Ҫ㲻Ҫ
գлҵˣлˡŷǴӽұĸⲻܲ˵ɣҲ۸
ǰѾ˲ٷˣɳһͲεĴܹŮ˿ȴѵ¶˲֪ı⣬¶һЦݡ
ҾҲĿǽ֮ǰھжȸյûʻ
ΪöҲϲ̴ӦҿԵȣҲŴڿʼϲһЩ
õǿ֦Ȼͣڱǰͣ˵֮󣬱һ̧뽫ݵԼǰ֦ƻȥ
ҡ
ֻûȥŷһջ֣һ潫ǿ֦򴽱ߣһ˵ˣ֮ǰ⻰Ҳͬ˵ˣûоܾүһأ㲻õġ

֦У¶һζı飬ֻ
ҵûоܾҲΪһ𾪵֪˵ʲô˰ɣ

12.1ʼ
ٴ밲, ɸ֮ǰȴͬ, ڱԼôش֮ǰ, ͣ
ŷҲóժ֦֦Ƥ˶ӽ˳ϵС¯
¯ðһĻ棬ķѩһ, ɽЩ򶷵ĺۼ
һ½һӰߣ
Լ, ŷ˸ơ
ʾ԰, Ȼţӳ̽ȥ
ĸ֮ӣ, Ҫҹ֮ķѩ쵽ɽȥѩȻҪʵǿĻǰ̽·, Ƿ, ·Ƿ, Ƿѩ
ڴǰڵʱһƷ˴ɽй
һȻ޹, ˴˻̸ͣ䡣
Ͼɽ, Щɣֵúͬǽһ, ҵ֡
һƷҲ˵еĹ, һҲ, ȷû֮Ǿͼͷɥػسˡ
ɽߡ
ܼδĽӡȻǸղȺڴѩɽѰʲô
ǵϹٽսɽҲ˵ģ˵Ŀһ¡
ЩһƷ˿ֶ飬Ǿ˵Ҫҵ˿ܻڣҲпѾ⵽⡣
¡
ǵĶÿЩ
һƷȻɽѰָ࣬˾鲻㣬Դɽ﷭˸飬Ҳûҵõ
ǲȴǼԺڶ鱨ݵľڽɽǰѾ㹻˽⣬Ѱķרҵ
˵ֻãϸйߣѩȺɽ֮Գһ㣬Ĵҡ
ܿ죬ڽӽɽһʯϣǷһȱڣѩĺۼʯ񣬶ڷԱߵѩ֮󣬾ͼʯд򶷵ĺۼ
ۼһֱ±ԵȻĺۼ
򶷣µʯѣǵȥ
˶ʱ˲ϴ򶷣ֻܸʩΪҪסΡ
ǣԽɽңŵ°ããһƬȥȴˡ
ûץסȥˡ
״̴ԭ·۷ǰͬŷ
˼Ŵ˴̽ԼĻ㱨֮ʵʲôطǴɲԹȥ
һӦ򶷵׹µףӦ޷¿ȥǶ;ץסֹסƣӦڰɽ֮䡣ﵽɽȥ
Ļŷ۷س
˼¹ϣ漴˵洫˵Щ˵µȥһ˼ɽСЩ
ǡ˵ϹٵһػκζҪͷѪ
ԭЩ˱ɵԵռ鱨ҪһҲزȥ׼û뵽֮껹ܼϹǱ붫һж
֣һ˴Ӷеĸһȥµײ鿴ʣص˶УԸղ̽İȫ·ɽ
Ӽǰ
⿴ŷЩ
ӦɽȥѰӰߵ䣬ʵǽ뿪ҵЧʡ
Ӱŷɵ߱ˣҳϵĲ¡
ΪϹ٣ȻҪסԼµǰӰ߸ƽϣҲ֪ŷѡ
ղǰȥ̽·˵ĻҲˡ
Ӱ߸ɣ֮׹£֪
нŷڽɽ㲻Ҫй
Ӱ߲ûôıǱһƷĸ׷Žȥġ
ѩɽѾˣŷӰܹļ΢΢
¶˵ҸӰһƿȪΣʱãӦҵģᾡػ
ѩɽŬȴȥȴһֱȲֻںȥһӡ
ġŷԶ֪ʲô˵ûлҲһȥ
ѩХɽ¹ɽϡ
һѵɽ£濴ޱȣ絶䡣
±Ϲͺͺģֻе;ʱһز֪
мѣӶϿڿǱһʣµһֱм䣬һֻܹƽ̨ǰ
֪γɵȱУӰ߸ɣվȼһϲ죬²ŵء
ǰɣ׷Ӱ߽ɽУһ·׷ɽ˵±ϣ޿˵ıӰѪǱ߸ֳһЦݡ
Ӱϵ˸ˣ̤󷽵İֻѾеա
ջĿ⣬Լɣ飬һذףһǰ׷֮еıÿ
˵ܰôˣ
Ӱû˵ֻս׼
ɣҲϻżڵһ㣬һѩ˾ͼӰɽ±߲һ
׷֮սһˣ˶һ㡣
ûûͣû·ǽͻָʤ
ҪôҪô
ɣֺ
ɽϲûжܹŲƵĿռ䣬ӰҲٱս
սһţɽķѩκһҪ·ҪǴӴ˴ȥ
ŲԾ֮䣬ɽ±ϵĻѩ£ԭӦýʵʯ鶼ǽִݹľ֮нѡ
һٴײһֱݵ£Ȧѩ
Ҫٷֿٴη֮ʱͻ
±ϵʯͻȻѣŻѩµ׹䣡
˷Ӧһգ׹ȥ
ӰҲãɣҲãӦѸ١
һ־ץ˴ͱֹס׹ּ֮ڿн֡
ѣٴ׹
һΣ׹ø
òײٴץסһϲµڰС
˶Ϣ٣ͷ¶֪ƾԼûа취صȥҲܲס˵
ɣĿΧһɨҵǸͱ֮γɵһСƽ̨
Ӱߣ㲻Ļھ͸һ취䵽ȥ
ӰߴĿҲ˵ŵ㡣
˴ȥֻܾ˫˫׹µķݣӦһáҪȰԼѨеЩָ
ɣٲԸʱҲְֻܳγЩסѨĽ롣
ӰٴλָһЩͨмһŲŵ㡣
סԺ󣬾ͲòʱӰƺһΪǿмǱ˼սһգѪӿѪ
ɣ״ٴθֳ˿Цݡ
֮ԴӦӰ߰ε룬Ϊվ㵽ķ֮Ӧõˡ
ѵͣҪõʲôͱ븶ʲô
ǿѨסʱ⵽ķɿ϶һҩҪ
²֣ӰҲˡ
ǣδڳͿӰߴӻȡһƿͷеҺһ
Ժ󣬽ĴƿȥЦݾͽӲˡ
ӰҧгݵʣȪ
꿴һۣרת˵
ɣһ仰˵֪ΪʲôǰصˣܸԼһˣ

12.1ʼ
Ҳ, Ȫָ, Ӱص˿ھѾˡ
γµľǱ֮Ŀ, ҲһȪˡ
ɣһգ״̬ɣҪһء
˶ǾϿѵձҪǵ
ϲܿ, ⶫŮҲûˡ
շѩͣʱ, ɣӰſȥڻѩˮ, ˵㲻Ҫ⣬ˣͲӡ
Ӱδʳ, ֻЩѩˮ
ֻ˵ĶУܻֻһߵˮ, ԼһߵġֺĶŮӵҪ, ˡ
ǰΪ˵, ˵˻ơ
Ǿձ˴ǰŮ˲ܽ, ֻڣͷɿ˵, ѾԸɣ鴽ǹལ֮䶷൱·硣
ɣֻһ˲, ַܿӦ, Ц, ҼϲҲбȣͿ˭ȳŲסһѪԷԱˣǸȥ
Ӱü
ڼԺܵϿѵҲûзҪ⡣
ǿɣ飬֪˵˵ѣӰǰ棬ȻѪ⣬Ȼܹȥ
˽һأɣռϷ磬ְӰҲ˵˸
ûʳֻǺˮܹ죬书ĸ֣ܹøá
һʱ䣬ż
ţҹ֪Ӻδʱ˾ͬʱ۾
ǰķѩϢؼ䰲ɽеĶԽ
ˣɣ¶Щϲɫ
ӦϲŭɫǾ⼸գѾﵽٽ硣
׽ЩٿӰϵļɵӺ﷢˵͵͵Ц˵ˣҼ϶Ȼᡪ
Ӱ߲ϸƬ̣ϵıӽű򶨡
ɣϵ仯һ˿õԤС
ֻǻδ˵Ӱ߾΢΢۾¶һеЦݣ㼪ԣûҼҵˡ
ɽϣнͣ
ŷ뿪Ҳ˺ôͷ
ɽУѩԵС࣬¹һҲֺ֡
ǰ̽·һվԣָϷ̽˵ӣ
˵עŷϣ߲֪ʲôʱһ⣬ûʣԭ͸øǴһһ
ȥµ²鿴Ѿ·ȥˣڰɽɽϵǲмץסʲôסû
ԭΪӦÿԿûˡ
һ̧ͷͼͷ֦Ҷïܣϸйʯ͹λÿȥ
ߣû֦Ҷڵĵطȥһ
ŷһҪǰߣֳõñӣ˻
⧲һϾ˻һתͷڸۣ
ŷ˵ʱֻץñӣֹ߿
ֻͣԭأˣȥͲȥɣߵһôȥҪҵֶһ
վԭʲôҲɣֺ񲻶ԡ
Ȼ߱赲͸ɴ۾׽ΧĶ
ɽкܶ
⽫չȥ֮󣬷ԼķΧ֮ǰࡣ
ɽķȪ΢ˮ֦Ҷغ۶ϸ΢죬ȫĶС
ˣЩܸоЩԴͷԶ
˲ͷһ۾е쵽µ˻
Χ绹ǸƽһϵɫȴЩɡ
ɢɡŷԼ˾עɢȻջĿ⿴ԼקסˣȻ¶ı飬ôˣ
ЩȷصԶĵط
⻰ͷûβģŷ.¶ü
ԡ
Ҳϻٴα۾ʼΧ
ǰһʧЩٴǰչ
һŸӰƵһԼȥö
ı仯ӦøöѲ˸ϵöӳȪԣȻǺá
۶·ں֮Ув׽һϤ
һ̣ŷͼȻ۾̧һָԶľ룬ֱ֦ҶһЩ᾵ĹʯжΣԼ˵Ӱţ
ûʱôġ
ֱָ̧֣ڿдһڡ
Щɢȥ̶˻
ҵˣͱжΡ
ŷ֣˵ȥ취˽ӻ
ɽ·Ҫ࣬ߵһͲǰˡ
ҪôҪô³ȥ
ѡ˸ȥŷֻһ￴ء
׼ɽȴԵվûһڵԼӴϰᶫǰʳС¯ֹߡ
Ŀ⣬ŷȻصɽѩȻҪ׼Щġ
ֱڣȻĽɫ
ϾһƷ˲ŸɽٽҲΪ
ȵ˰ѸõαװˣŷŶԱ˵߰ɡ
ߣźĻѩһһǳߡ
ǵĽų̲Ҳãŵɽִ򶷺ۼĵط
һĿĵأЩӵļԺ˲ŽĶ͵һţѸٵȡ빤ߣɽº󷽵ľʯϲһȦ
óԮվ˳һͷϣ׼ʯѵλȥ
Ƭ̣ҪȥʱѵˣеǼԺӰŮǶһƷˣҪСġ
ŷԸ֣·ѩӵܣȥɡ
׼ȥ˵ӦһǡӰܿʧ±ϡ
°յСƽ̨ϣĶԽԽжľʲôˡ
˳ӻ˳ֵʱ򣬼ƽ̨ϵӰ߸ɣ˲ȷ
Լ/Լˣ
ɣ鵱ϣȻ֣ȥ
Ӱ߷Ӧ죬УһߴһߴСƽ̨з˳ץͬһ
ҵĴ·µӦɣԺˣԸ־ܣԸӰߴ֪ɣֶκ书ͣЩǡ
ŷȴصġ
·ɣԽңӰ߹ϣڰлεš
֧ŲסҪѵ
ɣ¶ɫˣҲӮ
ҲҪ汳
һĳֱȡӰ
Ӱһɴһ֣ͱһ̤˾ͷ˳ȥ
ɣһգľٶ׷ȴеһʹ
͵ػͷͼǸԺ˳ˣзɳĳ붤ĺġ
ԴӱѸӣɣһ˾·׹䡣
ˡӰһ̤ͱڷ֮󣬱һߵļԺԱһץסֱۣ˿С
߷ХɣΨһ뷨ԼҪˡ
ϧûɱǸˡ
Ҫ۾͸еһһ͵һֹסȥơ
ͷһӰУһͷԼת˼Ȧ˸ᣬεض˰С
жΣӣˡ
һ˲ڵĶԷɣǰһڣ˻ԡ

12.1ʼ
һʶӦ۵Ժ, ʶһķΧС
Ȼûдһ仯Ϣ, ڶʹеʹȷʵʹΧؾøЩ
лվԺУķѩ
ǰ, ˻뵽ҵĻʶȥһߣ⼸նʹ, , ֻÿջзÿ͡
Ժѩձɨ, ԺŴ, ⼸Ĵʿˣӡ
ʿɫܺãصҵõ˴ҽҽ, ָֻ˼֡
лվԭӭ
ͬǰһ֮°֡
ܹ, 廹ûȫ, ʿߴҲҪһЩ
Щ̴һͰлзе̿軻ˣ˲裬ٽЩήʻµġ
æµð, ֻϵ, ꡣ
ле⼸ջʱͬ塣
Ļ, ʿϵĶһ٣̧ͷǰ⿡ɫȻ, ·ȫ˵Ҷľн
ڴʿע, лһ, ˵ֻһڴÿչҵͬžûôˣܹиͷˡ
˵̧֮ۿʿȻһ̧֣ʾ塣
ʿȴþûӡ
лпƬ̣ջǽ˻ź̴˵ȳȥɡ
ǡ
Щ̴Ӧһӷ뿪
ʱֻʣлиʿˡ
ѩڴŴϵֽʿ̾һʹң˵Ĵֻһֱûʶ֮пƽȴӿѸλʹУƣγҲһֱ
סл˵
ףʿһ˵ҲʹУӦû÷ƣԲʱͬ壬ĥʱ䡣ȵµı仯͡
ʲôµı仯лʡ
ʿԼĿ侲ͨ͸𰸻˶֪
ҪôӦҪôҲѲ
·ûеˣʿֲǶҹٳĵҪԱĻԾƲ̫Ӱ죬Ǿֱ˵ԼЩʱϢۺóۣΪˡ
ǱʹγʹңҪѩڣ˹ɥ֤µ۵ǻ̤ϻشܵ·
лпŴʿԼֱеĸӣ΢Цֹۣµ۵ǻҲܻȥ
ʿף¶ɫ
л⻰Ǻ⣬Ժִͨ˵ӣһλµŰݷá
ˡ
ʿл˵ĸ֣·ڵôһ
ڶԼĴʿ˵յֻµˡ
ãȻп͵Ҿȸˡ
ʿ뿪л͵ſڣʿ߳Ժӡ
յķ缱ѩµСóȥЩҲͷţһ̸
ʿ̤϶ýӲ׵ȥԺſڵʱ򣬼߽·ÿ͡
ǰ˵ĺڷƽףʿûй⣬ʶ
ԷһȻϳ
ʿҲһ
ţԵӾͳſɡȥµѩ˴Ժǰ뿪
ڷ֣ƬȥıӰŴ̹Ժߡ
һͼվڷſڵлС
ǳμ棬ڻζлȦףлмǶ˵ͷ
ȣ˲ţѹ̻ͬ˴ضİ취
ڴ߸ЦݣԽֻ˱һѩԺӣ£񣺡лӡ
лп¹ӡ
Ȼʾ⣬롣
һǰһ˷У̹һһ棬·ĺϮ
ůڣһ·մϸСѩ˲ڳˮ飬ûϵĺС
վԭȥ˺ãлصԡ
ʿµһ廹ûг£µıӣùڻϵĲʾԷ
ڽ÷һԣлж¡
лнеȲע˱Уǰ˵Ҵʶĵһվڵ¹¹ĿɱҪ١
лвͨˣ򲻻ֻҡ
˵ǱʹеһԱǼʿǱܵ˭Ҳݲܸİȫʲôϡ
ޱһƷ̸Уﱻн˼գԼܹռȷʵ
ڻѩ⾳·;ߣ¾ٹƼҲ˼ա
һصʶֱӽ˹ϵıѩδڻ˵Ĳǰ
ԭΪԼһ·Ӽϻ˳ûмأӦüû뵽ӦȻݱͬҽڹ򣬷Ϣ
һĹмΪ䣬ʬ廹ûб仯ӦۣҲ˴ҽ˵Ĵ㣺
¼ݱϢûзųȥΪʱµλӣɿεĲ࣬һһǶ֮궼Ѿ
⼸֮УѪƶʹĲһ֮ǹ֮Ҫ̳д󱦣ͱȻǸ֮
ʱѾ˵һȥǻδҵܹȥѪӰ棬ʱܷ̿ȥĹƶ֮䷢ּ̳ӣȻ̳дͳ
㸸ǶҵػĸǶҵĳӦ㸸׼ҵ񡢽
ǻѪֲƶţУһѪܹһֱȥϣһƷҲܹʹָǳΪõѡ
Ļһ˲Ļ㱡
ڵʱ򣬴ҽԶ׵ͷΣڸԣҵٽ
Ҿһս֮󣬹ȥ꣬û˽һٽ˭
¼ȻӦּ˵׼Ѿ׼˺ܾá
⣬ҽҲش˵ȷʵѾڴ¡
ӦͻȻ£Ҳûʧ˷ִ硣
ĬȻҪȥսҵĽ񣬺ĻѪ㣬ҲӦýӹص
Ǵҽƺڻع֮󣬾ܾ˼̳еλ
ҳĴ帨ϣҴǧǰʼϵߡ
վǰǻѪͬҵ汲һԶߣλȥ
ƶܷһΣʮٷһΡӻУµʮĻӽ꣬¾ѡοѾҵγƶİ취˵ţͷѾȥյӦֻۣϧûеȵһ졣
ǼȻҵ˰취ͲټŶһҡ
ҽ˵꣬תӵ뿪ǰʹ齵ʹݣûмûм̣Ҳûҽ˵Ļ
лǰܹȥһƷڶһı˵ǴˣǼǶһ֮ң˭Ҳˡ
лпһƷθͬԼ̸УһͿżɽذҪĶ˳ȴͷβҲû⡣
ô£;
ת˿ԣֻ˵֮󣬲ſʵ˭Ҳˣ
лаһظһ飬Ǿû
˵¹˵ʲôЦ
ǨѾãֻôһֱһƷڶԲһֱķѡ
һƷչôʱ䣬ҵĹϵС
¹շһƷȻа취ոҵһӦһݱĺŽǾͻᴵ졣л˵˶٣ŵɥ֮ʣսҷ֮ʱ֪¹˵ġ˭Ҳˣ

Һþûл˵ˣ
֪˵ʲôдİɣ
Խ߸е
İ
һԽŮǿȻ˵
ӴԺ󡪡
߰׵콣ɵһˣȻҵ
˵ľִߣȻҵ
̸ٱҽޣȻҵ
 ˴ʡĸ
ھ硢ִʱX۵ǳ
Ѿõˣܲ˰ɣ
Xۣ󡣡
-
#Ǻȴ̳һ޳#
#̫۰ô죿#
#ɽ#
-
ҪģǾԸȥʯͷɡ

12.1ʼ
С, ڻȼյ˼֡
лнҿ߲, ûаΪԼأƺ˿½ھֱӳ, ЩһƷеĿ̡

ҲûǰΣǴ, û塣
лмᵽ, ֱӽԼ֮Ҫ鶼֪
λ, ׼кһ, ʹ
µ۸ǳǡֻģ, ֣ҲǶҵĶ֡
Ҷ, ڷ⾳ʱ£һƷĲв, ҲڰнصĿȨ˻
֧ûгѪζǿ, ѾȲ̤ϱܡǷĵˡ
л˵ϲ, Ƕһҵνǣһ󹦡ǶҵĹףǶҵ, ʱȻǡȵܹ, 򶫵Ҹ׳Ƴ, ĹҲҪȥ, ̹ΣӴһ֮֮ϣգ
л΢΢ü
ڼ֣ǻԵôлᣬ㽫Ŀġ֮Ĵ㣬лǰ˵Դ¼аա
лпڵ¹˵úµۡ
΢΢һЦûзϡ
Ȼڹоܾ˼̳еλּ⣬ʮĻӵǻҪľ֮λ
µ۳ɳΪһĵ֮ǰҵ֮
лжһЦ̺Ȩ˵ͷ
˵֪¹Ӳû뵽¹˲һڶһвӦüǡ
ĿлٴΪԼЩ裬һһ˵ʶ·ϣҾһֱ룬㾿Ǻηʥ
𣿡ɵʡ
лջ֣һҺˣܣļƣڻ֮ȴ޺ۼұи롣¹Ӧǻ֮Ůͣܣ̹á
˶٣ŵųһвܣʣǸĽࡣ
ӡͬһĳƺԼһȻѾӡ¡һѾõϣս֮ӣȻˣͷ棬ӹһƷû뵽
ʣڸƣôһֵˡ
˵֮ŷ֣һ˿΢Ц˵ûκ鱨ԴֻƾϢƴճ࣬Ҫ֪λŷҲ֪Ҿ˭Ϊʲôôء
л֤ʵԼĲ²⣬Ծ˼ꡣ
˵ӼȻսˣҪչҲ練ˣ⸴ָտɴŷ̫ξ˽Ҳںҵֻ㣬
Ժ󽻷˼أлʵ˱⡣
ڵ˶飬Ȼܼ
л仰Խȷڲƿ֮С
·ӦļȣӦ˰ѱԼϻȡԵĶ顣
ڼл΢΢ʧˡ
Ϊùյ괹۽ޣֱǱѾðĲ裬һ򴽱ߣһ˵ǲġ
лҪ֪ǰûʸ̸
ɫȴ̾ϢһԼʧȻ
лȻŷΣգȴǸѲĶ֡
仰лнвһȻѿеıӷŻϡ
豭һϡ
ǰʿδ֣֮һĶ֡
ҵȻС
лж˵ѵΪһһɱң£õ಼ҪĶ
⣬̹Ի˲ͷϺ˶ŵӰ
ле˵˫Ȳз϶֮꣬ҶֻܴһҲȥϢҲȫһżܣҲˣҺóϢƴһ𣬴ԭࡣ
λŷѪ𣬿ڵ֪˼ʱȴԸ³޼ˣ°ҵԻȡ˵źҪɣļ֮ҪҪ
ڵ
лаһж͸ˡ
ҸȪգӦѾ֤ȪǷֲֹ
Ӧڵ飬һҶڵ
һƷҲǺ޴ۡ
л˵꣬ǰ˿ڵ㾿˵ʲô
һҲһ
л˴ߵЦ⣬΢΢ǰͬǡɽѩƼ¡ٽȫͬĶ֡
ԼҸá
úõģõҪĶ´˾ٻȻһңܸ޾鷳Ҳںʲô¡
лֱ壬ǶһҾ͵Ÿɡ
̹վ⣬ŴӿƮѩ
洫ĽŲתͷһͼϱۼźô˳
ڵĿЩȻûõҪĶ
ߡ
Ժȥ
̹ϣۼȡ˺ãΪϣϣȥ
ڽ²ͣѩմѥס
Ҳر⣬ûа취лõ顣
Ļ̧ͷʹķ
ǰθǰڻʹУԼȴûмл˱ڣھȥһ
-
ֻһ˸ա
ʱ뿪˹У֪ȥ˺δ
ڵȴļ϶Ծȥ˵Ļ
ĻĹڣʮĻҲڡ
ʮĻڵĻϥ¸֪Լ϶ߵȨСкڽ
ʮĻӶ¡
ڷС꿿ĻУδֳʵôû㣿
ڱ˵Ժߣʱҵġ
Ļš
ù֮⡣
ڶͬ˵ˣ֪ʹҹĻ٣ҲûȵϢ
ȥѰҽ
Ծͣ˵̿ĹУӦʬĴҽ⣬ֻǰ뿪ˡ
ǰ
ҽӻȡ˵ڶʥּ
ԭģֻû˵꣬ʹҴҵˡ
ڵĿеʥּ棬˵ϣܹλ˵飬Ը𢣬ȴλϣ£ټ˼λ󳼣ȡ˱׼õڶʥּ֮뿪ˡ
ȥʡ
Ҳ֪ҽҡҡͷܹ⣬ҲǺȻͳڻʶ֮С
Ȼ
ڲ׽ʣɵʵǴҽ𣿡
ҽٴҡҡͷеʥּ
ֽӹ
ǰӻʶ뿪Ϊʲô
ȲԼҪȥδ
ɽУµ˱˺
ӰߵӰǰʱԼֱ֮ʱŵᾡ̲꣬סǰһӰߣ
ֿԱɣ飬Ŀסˡ
ŷϳߵŮ
ڵŪѡ

12.1ʼ
ɣеһ, һ䡣
һ, üĴʹӻ۾
ɣһ, ;ؿܡ
ȥʱ򻹱ڰУѾƽʵĵ, Զɽ¡
ǰĿյһѻ, ý뻽˸ո˿
Ŭ̧ͷ, ǰˡ
еһ˴, ԡ
ɣĿһڱϣ۾
ٿվŵӰߣҪ, Ѱ˱
ڣ˵Ҫͷ̧ø߶ѡ
ˡ
мһ, ɣ;ĪĶ졣
ԭĳֵӰϣ֪Ӧñ, ıܹӳ
һŷ, ʶһΪʲôᷢ
㡪ⶫŮӷǳޣҧгݵ
۾ضǵϹ٣·Ҫߺ, ôĵӡȻ뿪ҡ
˵, ȴŷ붫, Ǵĸ, ܹаⱱ̩ܵȳ
أ
һʱ뿪ĻӦҲܿҪĸ󻼶ɱ
Щץס˴˿ȴǺϾشûҪ뿪˼˵ǲسǵ
Ϊϲ֪Ϊϳʲô£
ɣһţһ߻ڿԵ
۵涾ԺԶȲһƷ󣬶йƳ棬඾ضߡ
һЧ֮Ѿڽȥ
ɣ鴹۾Σɱ˾ǰ
ܹɱѾʲô⣬ҲԸ
˿طһСߴؿڵλ˳˳ֱһֱεڡ
Сͣڣɣٴ̧ȴǿ⡣
ʱ⣺ôӳģôܶи
˿̻ŷߡ
ԭɣ飬뿪һĻģǱִҪ¡
ûмѪȵˣŷҪһˣԱ˵ʲôҪη¡
ɣһֱߣ⻹Щ벻׵ĵطҪȪϢ˭й¶ȥġ
һֱ˵û£ҲܽӴȪܣмʼղһ
ɣʣ죬˵ʲôͼԭо綾ûֻѩϵĶŮӣһӳ˹
ʲôмϮŷ
С
Ƿ·һϸĶշɵգͿһɫʰ쵵Сߡ
һ泯ŷһڰſ죬¶˶
ȻѾָӰ߷Ӧ졣
һֻû˵ڣѾ˽
ڿһϸС߱м룬Ӱѩϡ
Ӱ߰νͬʱŷҲ֡
һ̼ɳ˻ųߣֳɣϣᴩļͷⶫŮʹһصϡ
һ̣ѽĲϣƷԭء
һƷĶߣֻնͷܼҧסĿꡣ
Ӱһ룬С߾ڵϣ޷ӦͬƷסɣһ
һδУŷ
ɣżͷƷһմȾĺɫѪҺԼֶһֶ
ŷڰϵĶһܽ⣬ǳһƷҲҪܵӰ졣
ɣеѣθٴϮԼǰһжŤ
ȥЩ󷽵ĽҲ˻ȥֻǰѣŵĲࡣ
ͷѩҹ֮ѵʵգҡҡͷҪѣεʧصĸоҡȥ㡭µʲô
ѾóΪҩأʧȥѡ
ŷߵǰ·𲢲ⶫŮٴηѡ
ɣԣվӸµؿʲô綾ģǼԺһҩҸոսҩĶ̼õĶˣרΪ׼ġ
ڱԣӰջ˽
һҩеɣ齥ʧȥŷʡ
һ̣ɣľ˵ȫԵ
ǰҾڵ·ϣ̿
ɴ˿ԼĽȴûҪԼܹЩѶֶζûɣϡ
Ϊ۾
ŷˣȻҲôġ
ڻȼյУŷ
ڵʲôʲôһ⡪ʲôˣ
ɣҧȻһ˿ѣڸԼҪڻشı
״ŷԶв֪ʲôʱֶһ롣
ɣǰͱüĴȥڵϵ˷һʹ
־ѾȫǶ̼ϴŵҩƻˣһʹܲס
ŷ޳ָ鶯β
ѪܹʹֶΣкܶࡣ
ȿԴ̵˷ѶҪĴ𰸣ֲñں¡
ɣϵıȻڼʹ֮С
˵˵
ŷŽǸüȡ£Ͼص˵ɡ
ɣ۾۽ж
϶صϣҵٽĸս⣬ĸǵµĽ㣬ŵĳ
ĻеļͬԼĶҾϵһ
ɫ΢΢˱仯
ŷάŰɣǰƣڸڡµ·ʯ̡
֪սµ֧Ҿôһսи֪ŷаɫˣ̶̵ļ仰λһƷθĳޡ
ѹ̴ӣŲܣѹҪ¡
ţȴŷվȻɣһƷֲ
عЩһƷ£ЩһѪϵĲ֢ô¡
ɣ鲻Ǹߣõ¡
ŷʲô־ļʹ̿лش
ŮӵصҹɽУŷת˲е⡣
ɣõĴȫһеͼ
ҲȫЩǰվԭأͼŷԼ
һ£漴ʶѾ֪£ʣЩѾ޹ؽҪ
ʣɣʱ䣬ġ
ŷֶ̧Уʾ
˵κλѾþΪ֮ɣӦ
˹ȥվߣȻŷԼ߼ӹ֪ʲôʰɡ
˵ͷڵŵˡ
ŷڵʲô
ɣƤ¶ü졣
촽ţ˵һȫ벻Ĵ𰸣ϢϢлΣҸߡ
Ϻ
ǱȥҩΧ޷ȻķԸڷˡѪ͡

12.1ʼ
̲סǰһ
ʵʲô
, ŷҲ½עŻɣϡ
ǴΧҰޱ֮ж¼, ǻûǡ
ʱԺֻ鵽ҩǳһƷ󣬵ȴûв鵽, 
ڵݸй¶֮ǲȷһƷֱ, ǡ
лΣ
ﻹŮӰӣ
ֱ, ȴȻͬĶҩ, µǡѪ, ϵľǡ
ûȪǼڷͷĲѾˡ
һ˿ء
Сڵϵɣشı, ԴĻ֡ɽµĲĻӣӡ
ŷЦһǲСһŮӡ
, ˵мµҲĶԭΪ
û³, һлΡ
л󣬾ͻΪ
Լ, Ϻֱײɹŷߡ
ŷڵһ壬µ벻
ȴûŷɡ
ֻԼεķΪѾ㹻, û뵽˼֮, ˵, ڱЩ¡
ɣ¶Щ鵱, ȼŭθһƷĺǰĺŸҩ
ŭУеȱʧĻڱȫпھء
ѩţͷҲȻð麹ɣ飬ٴʵЩлλʲô
Сɣ˫ۣشϢһ󣬡ɽһʧ֮ıܴ˯ʱ˵λ˵ʲô׹ɲ꣬ҾһƷ㣬˵ø
Ҳһöӵй׹֪ȥ˺δ
׹ʲô˵׹׹ǵȪ֮ܽٶΰٲҽ»㱨ϡ
еԼһֱǷȱһ˿Ϸؿˡ
ԭΡ
׹ȪܶǴ͸¶ȥġ
Ϊϵ˲ɣҩ׹Ǹ֪ڡ
ڶң׹ıﱾƵļأڳһţͰ׹ǿŶ顣
ֻ˵׹ǿνĶ飬ͬһ
˱˻޻̸֮Ժ󣬵ûС
һѪҪĹּҪȪΪԸԼĳޣϧ¶ԼݣҲҪƴʿ¼
һƺѾˣлһòԡ
סԼϹŵ׹һ֪׹ܣΪʲôûеѪͬϱһ׹ĻԼûл͵ġ
ҪЮлεǸϢʲô
˼ŷɣһ⡣
ԣ⡣
֣ٴοڵϵɣ顣
ոᵽһ𰴫ݳȥϢǾǿϢסΣߡ
ȭɣĻشо𰸽Լеɻ
ǡǡɣ۾Ƥ¶øˣҪѰҸԶļ䣬ԲӾңոһٴñĴ𰸣ǳϡ
ֶŷ˵ЩѰͷ
ֻլеһͨˣΪϢˣԺЩµļҲûʵŷǰ
ǳϡɣ鴭Ϣŵϡɱġ
һڱǰը졣
ڣһжˣû˿©
ŷ૵ص컨ǳ컨
˾ţһ󲡣λǰ
ǸȾ컨ͬһزⳡ֮ǰֻǸͨʮŮز֮ȴһͬǰꡣ
ܻȻҲܹ
򣬻ʲôܹһأ
ϱӣƾŴӱȥĿݺ׹һ·ƽƣϸλ
Ҳź𣿱룬Ҳ񵱳һУڴ֮ղԼһҪػһεĻ
ûɣ⣬ûٿڣֻǲͣط
ŵλԼصʮ꣬ոոȾ컨ЩۼһӦȻҪȥϵ׹
ϱһеõȪϵ˰̣ȴ־ϵ׹ȻϱһѪȾˣȴô̽ûзӦ
ʱȻţϾ׹ŻϱӵһУѾ׹档
ľŲܾãܿͻ뵽׹ǲǱȡˣ
ʱӥһͼΧ˵Ѱҳ׹ķˣȻ鶼֪Ĳһˡ
˵һѩûиȾ컨С
ֱ˵ûԺΪ̼ҲûΪȾ컨ࡣ
֣ᷢϱûиȾ컨ĳⱲӷ
ô³ԤƣεļƣܿͻʶⲻϤ磬һпܻᳯԸķչ
ᱻϻȥٿݺܿᱻ𴩡
ʱϲѾûжüֵ
ڣϱйεתӣŰ⣬ζһһֱ֪飬ͻʧȥС
һҹϵķŮûзֱӳ˽αηϵļ
ĸ׵ƲԼû֪Ĳ޹
ȷʵˣһнչ롣
Ʋ˸ϵĹϵԼװһʲôҲ֪޹ߣʳ֮λ䣬ͨһЩֶν˻
ֹڴˣǺ鶼ᷢ
Զޣ뿪Уȵضȹһ
һҹɱˣҲ˵ȥû˻֪״
ǵһӵйıƽҫۣƾƷȨζͲƽ
Բ˺ڶƿƲ
ӵִһֱZһе򣬻Ҳԭ
ڼƻ˲ٴθһʱҲܺķ·ȥ
վɽ̧ܵķ
ΪΡ
ⱲȻʧܣӦҲһĿɣ
һˣнҪȹʬ塣
ҹλʱҲжԩҪ
ԭΪϱӵĳԹԼһ̾˶ˣ˿ɱڿ
ţɣƺһ
ջĿͷȥֻüѪ飬˳鴤¾ûϢ
һԵŷջ֣ʵĶˣˡ
˵ţΧ˸ơ
ЩʹӵļԺԱɢȥʼ׼ʰ롣
û˵ʲô
ɽȻӰߣִɣʳôϢ֮ϲ
񣬸ŷҪȥƮһ
ʲôڴӣ
˶̧ͷŵƮĸߴȥȴе˷޷ȷʲôﴵࡣ
Ӱߣ
ӰߵĽӦʡ
⻹ûӦͱŷһѻ
˭Ѱ
д˵ֻһˡ
ŷɫδ˿ء
ȫ񾯽䣬һֱ
Ӱ˵ߡ

12.1ʼ

һָ׽ĵ
˼¹ɽ, Ӱ
Ϊ׵θߴ, ִѣ´
һŵ͵Ķһ, ڷ, ñʶڡ
ǣֵڲͬ, ˵Ѿµӡǡ
΢ףմȾ˪ѩмҵݻ߻, еİ
ѩҹɽ֮, ֳѵˣøڻʶµӦһģһ
ǰһƷײβ, ԼִưһƷ֮, ժϵ.ߣݳǰ
㲻Լ٣Ҳ, ¹һ۾ϳ
ߵ, վ·˵ҲİǸǰһƷһʧһƷ, һֵܡ
Ǹңͬɣ̹ԡ
ŷĿ, ˭Ժ, Ͻַ, ƿһедֻصϡ
ҵ˭ڵԭү
ŷվսУָ
ͷվڸߴǰһƷ¶һЦݣ·ѡ
ҹдȥԶվڸߴ˵ӡ
ŷˡཻͬ¶һ΢ЦûӴ걾ϳ˸常뱾һӵĶ֣ȴһʵź
үź
ŷǲü˵ɽˮ꣬յȪ£үڵѰһѰ常Ȼٸүһ¡
̼⣬ߵҲ⡣
ǽڴˣǴȡŷ
˵ʲôûġ
̾ϢһüлȥĳǱ붫ңΪԼˣҴҸϻػʶһ棬ȴֶˡΪ˲źǴµðŷѩϹһҲҪ¡
һ˵ţĿһŷԵɨ
Ӱûע⣬ȥɣҲûĿֻб⡪֪ԼļһԶŮôذΧӳȥҲе˼ֺ档
ŷԱһźۼؽ⵲Լ
ԭϷˣͻȻҰȴŷıǰ洫үңαش£űˡ
˸նԻʱŷѾһ任˼ơ
ߵЩǼԺҵ鱨ռ鱨Уսȴôߡ
ߵɲ⣬ŷǵһҲһȡʤοһû˼֣֪Ϊǳ
һĶãƷָ˵үҲ˵ˣ常һӵĶ֣常ˣӵȻҪӹΣȻҲ˸үδĽ
Сȴ벻⣬ͷ常һߣƽĶ֮֡ǰ汱һ̳ˣȣҲ˵ʤˡ
ŷһӣүˡ
ߵ˶Ѿӵָʾ˰ֵ׼
һսûжٻʤĻᣬֻܼսס֣ô˸жϵĻᡣ

ס߳ĹһƷҲɵ
ϢȵҪ뿪ʱԾǲݾߡ
ɽ¶ȻҲѾгǶΧ档
֣ͻΧ
Ӱ߸ոձȳսûлָŷָǴűɽ뿪
Ƿɣûн⿪˳ȥȥɽ˳ѩɽȥĻᡣ
Ȫಫ֮ʱսֲʲôӰ졣
ٴضУǰڰͻ֪˭Ȫ֮ŵȪˮҲΪһá
ŷֹͣ˶ָճȭ
ĿϣȻ֪ԼոտǼô˼µóŷҪӰߴԼߡ
ӰѾֹס˱ֱۣ׼ʱõ·߳롣
Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ԲðɣˣҿԲΪЩˡ
û˼֣ͬҲû˼ŷ֡
ȥɱˣҪôصӰ£Ҫôвİϡ
ս½ԼѾõĸֻдãԵĻϣǽ
ĻŷɫŹֵصҪԲã
ˡ
ΧΧ⻰ǾҪķʽȡǵ
ⱻӰֱۣҲ©һģŷ
ƺʵһжΪ˴֡
ͬ常ͬѾԼͬԺѣ뿪ԺҲܹתȥ
ļ̳ҲѾѡˣһ˵ƺûʲôӰ졣
Χŷ̧һֻ֣ʾ
ЦЦصү˵ʧȥ常֣һжúȤʤļߣүѵ鵽ЩȤô
ûǺȤ̾ϢıҶʧأʱҾͺʽһ㡣ѾˣʣµӾȤ˵ҲûжˡҪǣҵļҪ
ǷҵģҲǷġҪλϣΪĸԸҾҪ㣬Ѷȥ˽γԹӴרһػߡ˵ţǼƣתԵ£˵ְɡ
Ļ£ŷװҲʧˡ
ڶǶԾ˲䣬ŭһ
ЩΧһȦʱ任ͣԭͨĳҲмϿ˷˿ߡ
ŷΪģʮ±ϵƽ̨Ͻһ޵
УӰһק˾ʹͱ任ʱճǸȱзԾ˳ȥת¡
ڶӹеԼļ׹
ֻֽץסӰߣڼг·ȥһƬԨ
ͷս޷Ľսж༤ңȻŵվסࡣ
䵽㹻ԶĵطӰ߲ŽеĽݺݵز.ͱС
ʯĦɫ𻨣ֹסơ
ӰԱһףץס
⿴ǰµεץס
ӰҲץסǸάŹڽ֮ƣתͷܣѰһ·ߡ
ȼŭͲʡ
ʱڴֻ߱ͬɥ֮Ȯһߡ
ȻеԼбϤƿӣתͷһǱڿ
ԭӦߵĿȵץͷùңԼӳȥȥ
洫ĶѾԽԽЩŷߵȻѾٵɥ¡
սҲԽǣ̫á
ⲻ书ֻŷĸӰ߲һ
ڻȥҲлܹŷ
ӰսеСƿ֪װŵʲô
ؿһۣһͷء
һû˵ԼپŻҲû˵仰
ӰͱһγͷȵһƿȪ˳±Ϸӻȥ

12.1ʼ
Ӱ߼, ʧ˱ǰ
, ļ룬սеֱü
Ǻܿ, սһʯˮУݵ, ٴλָƽ
ϷͷϿա
, ڱʲôȥҲ
ƺҲΪʧ顣
Ŵ, ͷٴƮϸСѩ
ѩıǼϡ
һѹ, Ůսʼͼ
ôһЩȥ, ôˡ
ͷϷ, ƶ
ͻȻҰгһ, ±ϵ˿, ľһֱ쵽¡
г, ʱס
ӰߣƿȪողŻصӰߡ
Լ, ۾·ȼյͷĻ桪
, , һС
ű⣬۵ȼյ
Ӱȡ˻еƿȪֶƿſѪ죬ȪѪһ
һ̣ͼӰٴδ±ʧصսС
Ȼһ죬ѩʯɽ
ֵͷϣеʯѩԼֱϡ
⶯Ƭ̲ųʧ
֣ͷѩϿգûøòüҰоٴγһӰ
һΣһ˱¶
ڱǰѸٱ󣬱ͫ΢΢
ŷ
ȻŶ˵װ
ѩХµ׹䡣
ںڵķ˿ñӵϷ衣
ԭΪڿлӦû뵽ȴȫ˻ԣֽŶ׹
ɳµ䵽ǰм侭ʱ伫̡
룬Ե˼ԼʱɿԼ׹ʱȥץס
ָ쳤֮յץסŷ
е͵һͣڰץסıָеһԼţŷø׹ȥ

ĦʹⷢһƺߣʣµֻԽץסһֻץŷš
ܷš
Ҫʱ֣ˤȥͻû
¹յ÷ͱϣӰһΣǸֻƽ̨ͣסˡ
ĽŲȵ˵ףסΣصס
»бֲڵĥѪģ˳ץһȦԼԭء
δ𣬵δ𡭡
߬ŵսѪҺָⲻϵص
ͷȥԼǿʼ»һεסĲ֣һӶȾѪɫ
ס֮󣬱źһ͸ǰİŷ
ŷϵѾ˺ˣ¶ԭף۾Ϣ΢һɫԵޱȲ԰ס
ʶ𣬱ûм˿µģ
ĿϼٵӹûзԵ˿ڡ
оˣǰˣҪˡ
ŷҧͼ˫Ŷ̤ƽ̨߬ӵҲ
һֱ۴ʹµѪһһذסҾ㡭Ҫ
Ϸغʬ
ӼԺԱѪɽϵĻѩȾ˺ɫ
غʬ䣬վŵľֻǸһֵֻ
ԼҲѪ
һԼµʬ壬ٿǸһʼ˶ûзϵӰ
һʼŷǸܿߣȻͻȻɱ˻ŷϵɱɱһĻᡣ
˻ˣŶҪˣһתɱ˻ʵڳϡ
նֱۣ˱֮ʣŷ˳ȥ
ԺˣԸԼϹһƷУƺ϶ԨļҲҪߡ
ߣʧȥһֱֻ۵ĶҸʵϣҪȥŷʬף
áһ̧֣漴
ٴοȳѪ
Ȼ˽ɱҲʧء
ȵƽż˵ˣѾ㲻ȥֱֹѪȥ˰ɡ
ɱֻˣΪ˲ݾߡ
ӳеǲı˿̶ɽ£һɽ©֮ȥǾ·Ѹٽػ
ϵˣΪٸߣҲһˣֻܹӲд༸̡
˵֮󣬾ʹԼߵˣٴδǱóֵĵطƮȻȥ
жΣϵ󣬱ۣʧȥʶ˶
еӲǰϣڷв׽ϵ
ûкûнŲһҲûС
ɱŷѾˣˡҲһûл
Ƭ̣ȷû׷۾
ǰϢԽ΢Ǳ֮ҲҪ
ֻȡСƿȪӰߡ
ҪŷȥȡȪĻһ׹ռ䣬ֻʣһ
վסˤȥ˩ţҲᱻڰա
ŷͼøղץסֻѣҪȥȪ㣬ѡ
ǣĺûлǰ˵ķӦȵǴӰɽ
ͷŵͷǰЩڵߵˣִɫеȥһƬѩ
ڵĿѵı·ϿܿͿǵӰ
һԭΪû׷ӦþͰȫˣһ֮󣬾ණʿʼ
Ƕҵڴѩеĺڼսʿǵأǵ˫Ҳϱѩɽ
ŷȡȪκǲˡ
ЩͽǷٿˣһҧ⿪ŷӡ
ֻѪָҲڲȴһҲ
˸˱Լһٴס˴ֲڵӣƽ̨̽
ٶȣԶȲ׹졣
ӵĵ׶һֱԴٽµס
Ҫһѡ
䵽µ֮ǰһ׹ռ䣬ôǻһ

Ǿһ
е˷ԼϢޣֻͱյƽ̨Եһţͱ˴жȥ
˽ʧ
˫ֱֲڵĦѪ˿ھʹҷ̡
˼һ׹ü죬ЩӰɽĶʿû㹻ķӦٶץסǡ
û뵽ŮᱳϵǸӣҲȥµס
۾ںХķı֮Уе˾ͷ
͵սָĩ˵赲ȥƣ׹ڿ͵ضס
Ѿһεֱٴαʹٴηһƺߡ
ָ߾ٹͷӣңң죡׷ȥ
ͷǻмɵĵ档
ھҵʹУٴ֣׹µס
ϷͱϵĶʿֻǸϸСӰӶһ̾ٴ䣬ʧһƬѩã֮С
µףһƬѩƮȻ

12.1ʼ
, ˮ
, ԼֻصϤ׹ռ
ϲԼĳɹҪԷ, ͱϸŵŷѹóǰȥ
һ죬ˤ˵ϡ
˻
һ, ͱĥѪģִŵ棬ʱִһʹ
û˵Ϲ, ̰ѽԼŷһ⿪Ȼȥ鿴˵״
ǰˣһϲ
ûж̸첲, Լɹˣ
׹ռȻܹ˽Ժ, ͿԴߵߣҲöԲؽֵֻˡ
Ȼϲûȥͷڵϵؿû
һ, һԣѪģȥ̽, ָЩ
ŷľ࣬Ըеǰ˫۵Ƥϴ¶ȡ
, Ȼ, ȴѾڱָʧˡ
ŷָһ, ûջ, øһЩ, ŷ
ǰˣ̧֣ȥһѣǰȫˣѹ
ڵϵ˱ĴմȾ˱ϵѪ˳ƫһࡣ
ûзӦ·ڱԨ漫ĵط׹ʱ򣬾Ѿ
ȻعѰϴľʹۿ졣
ûУûСЩŪ·ѪԼģû˿ڡ
Ϊʲô˶˿ˣ
ͣûϣԸԼնյ׷ɱɹռ䣬ҪؿԼǰȥ
ġ
վ廹ţֻʧȥܾȻġ
ŮվԺʧԭأʱٴγ֣һװȪСƿӡ
ڰ׹ϳǶҵ飬˵ܹ׹ǣֻҪһϢд棬ܹȻ
û⡰һϢֻҪ㹻ȪˮҲܰȻǡ
ǰȪ۴˺ܶȪװСƿ
Ϊϵĺɰֻװƿӣûдȥ
ȪȡԺֵŷĲӺ󣬰΢΢̧
ĶȫûзӦ
һſ죬ŽƿȪĿС
ûûݻ¶ǰһˣȪ
⽫˵ƿ׵һԣ˫۶ڴ۾ȻԼ
ǵãŷҲûҲû۾
ٴΰľ࣬ȻûиܵѶš

ôһƿȪ֮ȬҲԶϾ˺ˣҪ
̧ͷķ
׹ռȱľȪˮ
άƣҪֱӴȥݡ
Ȼܹŷô׹ռƶӦҲơ
ⱧŻеˣһһ̣˾ͳ˺
ů紺ĿռȪðˮɵĺҲ˾ú䡣
ͷؿ¶ںˮеˣֻһǱˮ
ռﰲá
뵽˷Ҳʧˡ
мĺˮһ̣ŷǱȥıˮ
ˮغ಻ͣ
ǱҲãбŵŷҲãϵ·Ѿʪ͸ˣϵѪҲںˮĽбߡ
ںˮ˼أʱõϵ˿ڶѪȫϡ
ٵͷŷϱûصˣˮĽ֮һ˿ڶʧˣûлָ
Ⱨˮ˳ͷŷϣһᡣ
ѡںһ˵ţһҡ»еˣҵҶûлش㣬
ġ
ץסȴûа취
صȥ
άŻеˣ¶ˮƣһ
ѩɽҵʿµϷ䵽µףһƬɽµһ飬ǶûǵҰӦˤڵϣˤķѡϾˡ
ǸŮڣǱڱϴǸҲӰ
һ֧ɽӳվµףսѥ̤һ͹ʯͷϡ
ļԭӦǽˮϴˢĽʯϪĶͱһǳǳ¶Ӵʯͷ
ĽűߣżӴļԺԱѾϢϾѪǵ˿һƬ׵ĺȾ˺ɫ
ͷ
µӳתͷԼǰ£Ѿɳȥһ֧飬ʵΣ
ûҵ
ǿˣǵȵҵʱҵľֻ⼸Ѿȥˡ
ͷǻҪ𣿡
ӳ˼УԼ·ʣֻ̧ͷȻ˵ȴȥϵ䵽µףӦûҲˣܲ˶Զ
˰ûˣǾǲˡ
ǡ
ǰ㱨ʿӦһһ̧֣ʾԼСе˸ϡ
ӳǰһߣһ߶˵һ
ǸոյɽȥѪȣʬҰȥ⣬ѩлǶŸְΧɽʯľҲը÷顣
ǿİϷಫӡǣʾεȼҵս
ȻⲻӦܽ飬ǵ֧ıϾǻˡ
ԷûȻҪʰо֣׷˻ЩǾͰնԷҪװɣûз֣Ҳֲǡ

ƽѩɽУ춼ȫװرɽ
ãѩԭϾ·̶ӼЩ̲סʲôЩظǰɽѰĹһƷЩơ
ЩҵצԸΪ˱âЩԭҪɽһƷҲʱֻЪǵжֻÿڳУЩһʮʱسȥɽзңҲһʲôҲûд
ԭնʬȵǰǵĻٴγ֣Ҫܵѣȴֻڵһеǲʱֹ֮ͬ˼Ҳûг֡
ҲڵȵҲûдɽҵ֮ǾͲ˽ɽˡ
׹ռǰˡ
ŷ׹ռԺѾȥգ˵һιȪִºн˿Ժҽժ˺ȪԳιˡ
£ںɫϵˣսʱѾȫһ
е˿ڶʧˣҲָѪɫȻȡ
ûû͸ûʲô
ǣˣǿĲָܻȻûġ
ʵ׹ռգӦѾˡ
ȲǾԼһӳȥ
ϾŷǱ붫ңΪ˴رܡ
ڱⲻΪģǾֻˡ
ֻʣһˣҲҪӳȥ

12.1ʼ
ѩ, ٴα֮ǰ
ѩٴν, ҵƣ·ԤŶҽһʱڡ
ǰٵϻż̵֧Ķ, ȴһ֧Ҳûüˡ
е֮ɽٴλָǧļž
ԨĽ, ڻСȶǵѩУȻһӰ
ϸӰϴŰɫĺ, ñӣӱ濴ȥ·űѩΪһ塣
ȵӷ׷׷ѩתʱ򣬲˿һŮ
ɽеľ, ƾյڽ׳, Ȼ󾯾۾, ˷һȦ
ǰձ
ʱѩµûн, һû۾˴ͷ
ЩȻȥˣһƷֽˡ
Ҳٴ˿ռֹ, ڲų
캮ضһƷ˼Ҳͽ޹
Ǽǰɽ¶ϵһ򶷣еĺۼҲѩǣûصİɫ֮¡
ǿȥҲ˼Ѱ
۾ΧĶ, ȷɽ, ؼ˷ѩ, ֻԼһˡ
һ֦ɵľȣ£ϵĺãһһǳԨ½Ľ
ؼķѩѸڱͷʮɵĸ߶ȺХӹµߣߵͱȥ˿硣
ǰѩҫ۵طŰ׹⡣
Ҫɫжűѩÿ۾ͻʧȥ
µߵĵһû¡
ȷǰڰʱ䣬ԶԶûеڵʱʶһ㣬æص׹ռ
Ȫˮϴ۾һգȵ˫ۻָˣٴ뿪˿ռ䣬·
һٳʱֱ۾ϰһɫĲ۵ʱЩâ͸󲿷ʱ䣬ⶼǱ۾Լչȥߡ
˼Ľߣ˳Ϫķ˽ĺ档
һһزȥ·ûоͷĳ·ϡ
ôûйһ߹ô·
ԭؼȵķںߣҪֲӭ洵Ŀ磬Ӧû£û׷õĻٴض˵У
׼˷ͳǸߣÿ߶·
һöÿҪʧȥ֪ʹص׹ռ˺ȪҲ߹Գԣһãץסһֻʳײͷӡ
ֻѩ޴ڵӿ˳ԣҲûеطԸ硣
ץӣҪص׹ռȥ
һΣûгɹ
ץӻؿռ䣬׹ռһ۾ͷԼԭץŵӲˡ
һٻص׹棬վԼովŵĵطͼֻӵѩϣ·ո׹ռһ˲䣬ռĹֻ׹֮ųֻԹȥӡ
ˤѩϣϵĳë紵ָܿһ㱡ѩĻӣԼƺ֪׹ռı׼
׹֪֮ռĴڣͿɵ׹Լ롣
ǾֻûֲӿԴȥԵĻ׹ռǲɵġ
ӵĶ䣬ҪһȥҲֻһܻصռȻᱻ档
ʱŷȥڽռһ˲䣬Ѿֹͣˣ׹ռ佫жΪһû壬ؽ
Ǹռʱֹͣģ¹ô죬ʬҲȻ£ǻһñڻؿռϢʱ򿴵ܾ۾
˿̣ٴα׹һ㣬ЩȻʧڷѩվһ̧Խֻӣǰߡ
⻹Ұߣһؿҹʱ򣬶ҵĻʶڱ졣
ɽϵǳɱĵ죬дϢ
Ӧۼݱˡ
֮ʣһگλԼʮĻӡ
ʮĻӼλɻʺ󡢵Ļ֮Ϊ󽫾ͳ
گһλӻǳöһƬȻ
ӦΣпܳŲȥ飬Ƕ׼
ȻʱѡλʮĻӣԽ֮ǰ̫֮ѡкĶӣλӱǵĸҼĸܽܡ
Ѿˣ
ʺĸףҳõԪ˵
ôǼǲ£
Ļҵˡ
Ƿڴǰ⻹ڵʱҵ죬޿ɺʮĻλ˭ҲᷴԣҲûԡ
ҾѾ죬ٹʮ꣬ϾͲ˼ǵǡ
ѾջƻļĻϥ¸ĻӣҪλãû˻ԸӦ
ʮҲͰˣǸ֮ʲôӸУ֧ļλҲ
󽫾ʲôʸҳƴ󽫾սڣʲôʸͳ˵ڻҲǲ޴ˣ
Ӻݺݵعһƣϡ
ԭΪʣһսͿ¹˭֣뵽;ɱôһ󽫾
ӸУΧߵļͬޣʮĲŶǸλϾǸܡԺǰѳں󹬸УҲҪıϢ
ǳ裬ǰҪһƷӰʲô
ͬںƾƣԼֵΧԼ
磬Ӧô죿
ǰ磬ѵǶӦĶ𣿡
˱еľƣȻһһսָǾƱзȵֵʱֻһ촷۴©
᣿ڵǰǸλˣŽдߣţ˭Ҳߡ
ȡԼʤʵˣ϶Ҳǡ
ⶥһµսͿֵܶ˸ƾ£¹˭֡
ڳǦ֮£ĶһʶУһɰݡ
УŶˣһôҽڸôõϢ
Լܾ˵λȴӹͳĵӣ֮ӵ»صǰ
ԭΪ⼸վȥǵȿǰʱȴ˱ġ
ʵˣ
һ
һĻУ·ڿյԼ
ȵҵĿ̧֮ͣͷ
֣ǰ˵£սΪݵ¡
˵ţǰꡣ
ӴӹŹק˻ҪǷҵһж⺢ϣôԼΪɵĺҲûʲô
ţ˵ȻҶӵݻص˵ҰУҲҪһ֣ûйϵݼҵλҪʱλϵһʵһͿԻԼشǰ賾
ǰҪ˵ʲôٴ̧֣˵֪Ҫ⼸ȥȥˣȥɱһˡ
ڵɫ΢䣬Ѿµȥɱʲôˡ
ûͷŷɱǷҵģǻˡ

 242 
ŷˡ
Ϣʱ, ڲ֪Լ﾿ʲôζ
ǰܵʱ, ҪŷһʹĽѵҪӵһжǰ, Ȼȡ
֪ڣΪ˵õ˵еĶ, űӱ뿪ҵʱͷԼı
ڵõ֮, һƷڶһϵᱻ, Ҳӹҵ, һͬ׵겻ͬʽҵְ
Ҫɱŷ, 嵱ǷµѪծֻܵȵҵ̤Ʊܾһܼˡ
мҲҪȥꡢʮꡣ
û뵽ǰ˾͸, ɱŷ
մȾҾ, 
, Լִôõ飬ƺҲԻϾš
ڲûдñĿ֣ĸо
Ҳô, ڲʹĥŷΪĿ꣬Ż
ϵʹѾ˰˳, ʣµҲȻʧȥĿ, ֽ֪ʲôĸо
ʵôȥɱģ
һ, ˵ڽ붫ҵʱҾѾˡ
ѡ̳Ȼ㣬ɳҲܿ죬Ϊһǣҵʱ򣬺׾ͻ©˱Ϣ
Ϊȷûע⵽ŷʹǱ붫ҵ£ŴԼӵĵط뿪˻ʶ
˵ŷ߲ߣμһһ뿪ʶʱҲҴҵظ˹ȥ
ٿϵƣڱ֪ˡ
ͣ˿ԣƽ
Ƕ̸ΧûˣĿһһʱҲû˽ѯΪ衣
ڼƽ̧֮Լ˵ɱ֮ǰΪʲôҸҪɱǷҵծȻ㲻ɱ֮ǰҲ֪ԼΪζҾЩӢ֮¿԰Ϣˡ
֪ˣ˵ˡڵĿͣأǵõ顪
Լõ飬ϵҲû⣬ʧȥĸѹƵʱܷĹƶжȪҲԽ⡣
ȴҡҡͷûж鶼Ҫˡ
ڵںλ᲻Ҫ
˰֣˵¼ݱλʮĻӣַ󽫾ǻʺЩĻӣǳЩӣġʶкܿҪһ籩Ҫרֻ£ģڲ֮ء
ҪǻʶٶҲûá
Ȼƽȴһݶɱʱץץɱɱ
ڳĬƬ̣ŵ˵ͷס
ʱȷʵҪѪֶѹⳡҡ
ˡǽ˵Ļ΢Цûбˣȵɡ
˶٣ֵ˺ˣôõģ
ڻضԺǵһڱܷЩ飬Ҳʱʱ̶̿עţ֪ϸڡ
ͬ˵ɽµĿŴʦ¡
֣ԼɽϼǸŮ˺ţȻʵǸŷߵС𣿡
ڿŷߣ
˵֪Ķˡ
ԣɫһݣ˵ԡ
ԭΪܹԼƤߣǸܵӰǵߣмȻ˽Ӧ
Ϊŷǰո˵ŷǺȥģڵĶ;ƾ豦Լһˣôӳȥܸϵģ
˵˵ϻȪ
뵽лмԼ˵ЩʲлУһֱı⡭
ˣһֱˣ
Ǳ֪ȪܵҲһǶΪȪ֮ӦлУȴ˱⡣
ŷˡ
ٿȻʵ˵ʬ𣿡
ҡҡͷɽ¡
Ǳߡڳ
ж飬Ȫ֪ж֮˲֪ġ
ڣŷû
ǦƻѹУһը죬ΧʹУлӣȴֱߵıشȥ
أˤķѡ
Ŀѵıӿȥ˼С

ЩӴӲ֪δӿɱسŻʹķǰ
ϵ˾ֵܿ
ʶˡ
-
պ󣬶һʶֱѹϢ˴ܣͬʱһĻжҵĹ䡣
ϣԪԼĴڵ˵ӦһŴĺܿǶǿϱԼѾõ㣬ҪŸůصĶϷԤס
ӶҴϢѾ֤ʵһ㡣
λεĴ󽫾ѹ˶ҵĶӸӣгһʮĻӼλˣ׵ذ⵹˻ʺĸңҵȨƳ׵˸ʮĻӵĵĻ̹С
ԼҲȶ˾ģѸ֮л˼ߵ
Ԫۿվ·
ݶңΪãҲʹһȥ˶ҡ
϶ҹ䣬ʹһʱǻزˣǲ֤»ʵǻҲ֤ս𣬽սӲ˷
ʱܹοҲֻսնʹôһ㣬Ҫֻˡ
Ԫ̾һֽĿתһԭӦ̫ξվĵطЩʱգŷ没û¶档
ʵҲע⵽һ㣬ֻǲ֪ŷȥҲʡ
վڳУҲųԪĿȥʱŷԼĳŵ˲Ѿȥˡ
Ӧ֮ڶҷⳡ䣬⻹Ϊȼսյ֮ǰǷܴű⡢ʹеƽ
һжδ֪
ұ߾
ʱСׯҪȡˮÿȥȡ˱ڼԺţҪʱͻ
һգŽĺһľźڲŮ
ϵŵ¶ָñɫһׯ˵Ŀ⡣
ž͵ڵϣеĸŮæΧ˹֪ǴӺζŮһ˵Żһ߰˼С
ȵ˻˺İӣһȵľƣĸǲӵ
ֻŮȴûзӦ
Щڶұ߾Ĵ֣Ů۾ҲֻܷһЩ
ӣ治֪ôһߵġ
캮ضҲˣûеطȥ⼸˼ҾչȵѩȥٸǴģҪȥ

 243 
һֻľͰϷ׹, ˾еı
ׯֻôһھ, ڶ죬˶ҪˮĻ, ԶԶģֻϴµʱŻˮ
һĸڷֵһˮ֮Ҫ뿪, Ա߾ʹչ˼ˣһϲűľˮ֣ͨһΧʵҵģǺôˣ
Щ𣿡
Χмĸվ˵ö, սһЩ, ҲЩ, Χ۾ϵĲȡһ˫۾ͦƯء
ԭŮѩʱѩ̫ҫۣԲ˺ڲ۾, ڵ, ûۡ
ȵ۵Ĳһ, ͷǸĺ, žʮ, Ȼ, ˵, ۾û, ܿǵƸ, Ҳܽ
⸾ȻµزŲµǸŸֳҪԽ߾ͷȥȥЩļϣôĻǻȡƤë⡣
캮ضģô·мһѩȻѩֶˣֻһ˳
ҲãĵطﲻԶźߵģǲںӱ߽ӵ
˵̾һΧߵļҲһһ¶Щɫ
ͬ˵⺢ӵ֮󣬸˴뿪ȴеԼֱ۱ײײתͷһǹЩ
ҵġ˼ۣ˵Ȼ⺢ӸĸʧɢˣҲҲˣָ˼ңֽŽȫòҲǺõģҴɲǻûȢ𣿲Ͱϱ
ôһ˵Ա߼˲ŷ׷ԭȽŮΪ٣Ǹʱȥͬ߾Щĺ֣ҾȴҪˮ¥̨ȵˡ
Ϊһ飬Ϊ⺢ӽպȥδ⣬ҵĴȢϱû뵽ҵĻ֮һ㶣漴¶Щڵɫ
ôˣʵ
ҵĵ⻰˵ˣҹҼҵҵĻ⺢ӣ⺢Ѿ߾֮мȥȥĸˡ
˵ţѩѩԼһӳѾˣĸҲܹļ΢΢ӻǹڵϣؿţϴŵġ׼õмȥͬЩ񽻻ʯ˳
˼ӶǶӣԭҪŮҲûڷ򸾶˼ôԼǰ󣬶ݲľܾ˼ں̣Ͱ˷Ӧ
ٹգЩҪűļ׳߾ȥǱһһмˣʱ⺢ҲǵĶߡ
ҵ˵꣬˶̾ϧ
Ȼ׷ɢȥˡ
ֻﻹߣȥľ֮ǰͬ˵ҲģСȥмҲһҵĸ֣ʱ򻹲Ҫ㵱ҵĻġ
˵ͶԼֻӾ뿪ˣ˿ıӰֻġ
ԼǸϣǺĸ֣ϣԼɷأ
һͨԺϺŵֽķ紵òͣط
ı⳯ǸȥǴֽΪֲڵز̫飬͸ԽԽⷿĹ߱û谵ޱȡ
յİ죬ﲻõŵƣͯǶ汼ˣĴ
ӼׯԺ󣬾Ѿ˼ƻǱ棬˻뿪ׯֹղŻϱŵĶ˱Ļ֪Լߵұ߾Ĵׯ߾ӦҲԶˡ
ȷԽ뵽ׯȻһ뿪߾֮󣬱ȥϵĺãѩض˰գȫֽ֮ٴŽĺӰײײ߹Ⱥȡĸǰ
Ĺ̾Ԥһ˳װƣҲһʵ
Һöҵͨ˳øûʲôͬһαװԼĸԭòһҲǶˡ
ͣһ죬ѾѶһЩճﶼѧ˸ţǽʱҲˣǱһѩиǰȥмͬ񽻻ƷĸʧɢĹ£⻧Լ˼ǴԼ߾֮мȥ
ΪǴӦó߰˿ƷϼѵʯĹҪŵмȥȡƤëʳĻ
ЩʯûоҲǲ׹ռ䣬ҲǱ¥ġ
ֻ⻧˼ұĻҪûʯǴӦձ
ԺӴͯϷԼ֯ԣƭȡЩΣֻǱܡ뻹ǶңЩΪİնġ
λߵսûκιϵǴЩȴҪǳܡ
ˣտ࣬տࡣ
ţ֨ѽһ򿪣ŷ˽ϸѩ
תͷŵķȥ̽һСԴҵСӡ
δСк¶Цݣͼŷ̽СԴһҲһ˹סǼҵС㡣
ڴ֣߳ϴŵӵ·ж࣬ŮԾֻмŮһⳤøߣŮ˵·ѾˣԲŴպŴӵľ¡
·ͷҲɴʽֻһŮģСкСŮĪ׽С㡣
ڴϣ֣
һ䡰õǶҵĿֻ⽫ҧַú
ӻĻһӾȸԾְѴ򿪵ŷƵøһһش˽ǰ
Ⱔ˿ǣСͨ죬¶ű飬ЦŸǲɾˡ
ƽʱܣűҲû˹ܣҪǲɾǻԸ⡣
ڱŰɾ֣ɾǶûֻСԽĺˡ
ˡ
Ժ󣬰ûµЩʯ˳һһ
Щʯȭͷ󣬱СʯͷƯˣСӹ֮ЩɣûߣǱŰɡ
Сӣ˵лл㡱ץʯϲЦտش˳ȥҸطǵˡ
⿴ܳȥӰûվǹϵ¹ػȥ
СӵĿ˼򵥣˴⣬ʵԸǸõģ׹ռﻹѾõСڼֻ̫Եĸ˺ۼ
ֻ·ǵݺôȥǡ
ķѩԼվҪׯ뿪źվͻ߳߾ˣԼȥˣڻʶأʲôʱ뿪

 244 
һʹ, дѩϴɾѪ
һնֱƹŸЧǵıʳ֮, Ӳ֪δðı߽Ѫѹ, ЩսĽʿ֮£Ѿ֪, Ѫ̨׶Ⱦˡ
ڹеŻ³ɵĻʺӡӱܣǽᵳ⼸ҲӸԵĸץ˳һؽֻԭء
Щɫһӻʹзȥ, ӿ˷, 漰ⳡıеĹԱǵĸۡо˳
۹ְ, ʱСţźǰǿǰЩѾʬصĳ, ŽЩϳͨͨɱ, ʬ׹ڳ֮, Ѫ
һϴգйʮĻӼλӷ󽫾ִķӳʧˡ
ͬ˵Ƿ, ץץɱɱִû˿
еЩڷĴˣǷŭ, ǵСؿ޺, ڰǷųȥ, ȴ֪ͬʱƿһƷ붫Ҿӵֻ֮ǰǹûȡǵȫΪӦ۵ĶӣǶһҵѪ
ΪĻһǸǵĵɱǰ
ֻյϴȥѾûзǵ쵳ǶһʶȴȻһѹС
ʹݣʹ֮лվԺǽ£洫ɱ
óǶÿһʿǴӱ߹ɱģһа֧˻˿ȻҲڻʶ
̧ͷѩ񣬷׷ǰƮ䣬ڰǶٻػʶƽϢԺҲûǻȥʲôţ⴫ͨ󽫾
лдԺǽתŽյԺţš֨ѽһ򿪣һϤӰ⣬лĿͣ˵ϡȴǵһμ
ɫۣͬɫĴ멣ѩɫԽ۵վλãڽϵߣչǰ
Ȼ˵ͲͬҲƣվԺվԺеϵȴһּĸоһ£һɽѩ
лп˫ϤɫվԭһƷ󽫾
ڶһЦ̧ż߽һ̧֣˾ʹԱ˿
ԺУѩ£лվţл˵жˣΪβɴֱӻۼˣ
⻰ڵڣлԼϵģȻҪǰͬ
ֻǽǶһԵлƵĻֻ֮ǵһЦ⣺ȻѾ֪ҵݣӦ֪ԶǳҵˣǸλûҰġ
ле㽫Ӹ߾Ϊѹ¼ѾˣЩô
ûвԼĻֻ΢Ц߹ؽΪҹһµ۵ǻҪҲҪο
һ˵ţһлǰתߵԺеǿ÷ȥ̧ɨȥ֦϶ѻıѩȻ˵οս½𣬶ҵĹҪȻҪǵļϡ
𡱶֣л΢΢ü
֪ҿ϶ҽڷû뵽ҵô졣
վת⿡Ķ¹һ֮֮ϵĴ󽫾˵Ӧʮ궬ʹʶԺ֮ŷʹŵУôɱ£ȵ۲ֵ䣬ǶҵľӴȥҪҪλ²Ը⽻ҳӣΣ
ле̱ˣ㵱֪
Ǻܺˡһ˵ӣ˵ս֮ת뿪лƮƮһ䣬ˣ̩ںܰȫ͸ŷһȻҲʲô󰭣Բԣ
лпԺлصǰ̣˾ٴΰŴ򿪣ڴ˳ȥ֮ٴΰźϡ
лվԺУ÷ЩƮѩƬƬǧԼϣڻɱˮ͸ԼУе䡣
֪ˡ
Ȫڱϡ
֪ˡ

ұ߾
ĹؿһźصŶڵȴܱ߾ʿŲ顣
Ⱥסڱ߾ׯĴźʱûа취Ҫͨ߾ΧЩ۾ӵĵطǳе£￪ؿ飬̫ͨϸй¡
Ĵ磬ߣʿǽȥ·
ԭ·һ⣬û뵽⺢ӳʱ·ϴŵģЩʯһûŪҪʱҲһȥ
ҵ·ûУŷУȻˮݵʱʪˣ̯ɹԺ͸ԭһֱ¡ǮׯĹ졣
ֻ׼õЩڵԲϣǱȡһţһյĹαһΣھ͸˵·һʿз
Լ㹻ģĻᱻȱ©
ȻԷڷֻ֮ǿ˿⣬ȷʵǸСȻͰѶǣһ֣˵ȥɡ
ллүллүм˵ţȻʾԼȹȥ뿪ʱٱ
ٱȻˣຮ߾طĶЩͨТЩѾǲˣͷصȥȥɡ
ļٵ
ǰؿ뿪ҵĹˡȻȥܣֻҪ뿪ɡ
סԼ飬򾲵ȺУȳͷȥͼǰһƬĸɽɽѻѩ
ǴӴׯߵķʱ䣬Խ߾ߣ·ϵķѩԽСʱ򣬷Ѿôˡ
ߣ·ָǰɽ˵ǻҪɽȥ
ɽıǷѩִƽԭסһһȵм̶ֳȲһĳǳز
֪һ˵ʱһƱȻ⺢һ㣬Լ˵ͷ¶һЦݡ
Сȷʵͣһ·ûеӣѹһܴĴѩ߳ǵĴ⡣
ҹ·ϾɽУȵڶɽʱų̷ɿ죬գ۾ɽһߡ
߹ޱߵѩԭ߹ĺɽ壬ǰĲԭڳĳһչֻס˺
ֻѩһɽȫڡ
زȥ¶ˮűûȥ⣬ţѾ˳һƶڲԭϹŵ̲ݷïĵطȥ
ǰһƬ뿪˶ңػɵĸо
վԭأǱסһûжԵļ˵߰ɣмȥĸڲڡ

 245 
м, 峿, ԭѾۼ˲, г, Ҳпֵġ
Щ̯ĳ˳Բԭʳ⣬ֹƷ, Ƥëƺõ࣬ܣĿ
УҲӶұ߾Щλ, нղ, Ҳǰ, Ѿ̯λϰڳЩƷ
Ľ׿Ǯ, Ҳ, ЩƷ̯, ҲרŹʯġ
Ҿڵʯز, ڳЩʯЩԭ嵱Ҳ൱׷ͨһܹĺüǮ
ܱбĸĪе, ǻѻ˵ףȥһǷеʱ, ǵ˵ͷЩʯ̯ȥתһԼ̯λ, ѱĶڷź, ׼μӽյм
⴩ŶҰյ·, Щ̯ǰ, ̯ӵĵûнעϣǵĿƬԭϷ
һߣһ߲ʱͣ£Щ̯ϰڷŵʯƷʶʮֲЩ¥ϻʯ߷ֵĺóɫ
ȻẮǷԱôĿأѹǧǰ֮ǿʢһԼŵϻʯӦҲڶҾڿɳġ
˿ؿһȦȻ̲סʧ˻
ĶǰŮȻôûҵ
˵ͷ
ûйϵ˵мҪüأ滹ģ˵ǾںĶҪġ
֮ǰӾѾͬ˵ˣҲĸֵĻôȻԸǻȥǷ򸾶ûŮҪǱԸĻǼҵĹ
ҲûбʲôҪģмȥһߣʲôϲĶһСͭǮҡͷҪǿУ˵û£øϲʲôʲô
ֻ̯λǰ뿪
һߣһ˾Χ˹˵ô⺢ûҵļˣǲǻͷһȥ
Ĭˣ˵Ǻð㲻ǵóԸˣƽ׶ôһŮ
˵ţߵԶҲˡ
һ˶ĺãһţһҸͬǸ
ԭϵʯһƥȻűȥͨ߾صܣȻһ·ǰǡ
ӱ߾·߹Ҫһ飬ȵѡȻص֮ٽŷʬ׹ռó
ڶҷʲô£ظԼĵŷʬסҸطᡣ
飬սܿᵽ¡ǮׯеЩƸȫؾܳǴܵĽʿܹսױгݣҲ׳սڶֵʱס߹أסţЩ֮ʦд
ţ߳˼УΧ
̫Ѿ߸߹УůŲԭһɽɽ߸һȫ硣
ǰĲԭ죬ͷӥе޳Ӱһ˲䶼ɽ֮ϵѩһ±ѩڡ
̧ͷӥͷɹһʱԼ׹ռ˯ŷ
һ׸˼ҹΪԼ˿·ʱ˵Ƿ˵ԸԼȢԣȢΪޣһʱҪǵĶҪμԼ޶
̫࣬ζҷս£ǻϡ
ѾǱɣʱҴŴҪǽŷʬףкܶ˻Ԫ۽ȥ̫ξ˽ȥ
ǰѾ󣬱ڵ£ܴţصֻҪڣŲЩ뽫ҵ˴İߡ
ŷǰѾΪ龫ǣȻҪӥٴηҵԽ·ڻشʡ
ŷڴܣûбŷԺΪӣûм̳常־һ¾֮·ʲô
ҲڶҵʱݵǸһӵܣˣҲѡһƬΪÿվ֮£ڲԭܣ˾һ˼ҵУóϵĽͬǻһơ
ߵܹܿҵʱʱȶˣܵ˼ɽڵϣԱ߳ԲݣԼΪԵΪů£úõس˯һ
⳯ƬĲԭȥǷǵûصܣصȥ
η֪ԵĵطԸⱻڲԭϣΪǣӥӴڣ֮䣬ػĴܣ붫ֻһɽ֮ĵطΪܿǡ
ԭݷï֮Ҳл֮֮ͨһĵط׷ˮͲݲϵתơ
⳯ԶߣؼȺ룬ֻʣ·ӥĵطԶ˼УԶؼ·ֻʣһˡ
ѡһƬߵĵطʧԭأȵٳʱѾһˡ
ŷάű뱧ƣ׹ռתƵΧĲطŵ˵ϡ
ԭϵķ紵ͳ⿴ԵԽԼһȥǧƣԺ˸طϯضߡ
Ƭ̣ȻŴ׹ռĹߣʼԼΪѡĹһһ˵ϵ
һʼƽ̹أǳӣȻӣڵü档
ŷߵĵطΪΪһЩüֻܽڵþһЩһЩ˯ʱ򲻻он֮С
ȻӡǣǵȵٻһƬݸï֮֮ء
ڵרģûע⵽֮ˣǳ˯һӣԭϵ绽ѡ
Ļµļעָ˺ضϵϪһڱָʧҲǴ츴յˮµؽ¿ʼǿȽһһûɡ
һһŷŵ۾ëʼ΢΢زȸյӾͺһΣһ۾еľǽɫ⣬ͬµǸѩҹ·Ѿ硣
̧֣۾ϣһ֧Լӵ
֧ŵֻץЩϸģŷͷǼɿݵĲݸǰһ˱Ŭڿӡ
صۣ꣬ŷϳ
ԭأűת
ͣ˶վڿУԾѾڵ㹻ˣǰһԣתҪŷ£һתȴһЦЦ
˫ϤӳԼӰӣһӴסˣ֪Լ˿ξ֮У۵ó˻þ
ǰŵȷʵǸղŻûкûŷ
ű⣬ָڵĿʵôĿʲô

 246 
ⷴӦؿ
ǰѾ˼, þֶҪȻȴʧ, ǵȵ, ҪڸӰԺ, ȴѹˣһʱӿ˾κˡ
ӱð, ȿֺӿߣҪŷ
ôģ֮ǰ׹ռôͲӦԼǵȵ󣬴ðȴǸɰͰ͵һ䣺ˡ
ŷһü
Խ̼˱ļ, ȷǰӸµؿԼ, һŷ
еԼͷ
Щãͳһ޻Ķ˳ȥľһ˲˲ؿǰˡ
֪ҪվãԼ೤ʱĴ, ŷһֻ֣
ⶼԵ֮, ڻȰ˵
ԭϵȻ, һƵĺ
Զ뼯Сݳһ, ԵޱעĿ
ڵа, ŷȷĴԼˡ
ôһ, һ, õʱҲ̫, ڵô, Ҳѵá
Ա, ֮ŷͿŵմЩ
˲ûй˵ȥһģֻȻעǰˣڿһδ֮ա
ŷǰ˻֣ˡ
֪ʲôʱûٽҲûнй֡
⿴ǰι޳ָոԼʱϴ¶ȣԼָ֮¸еȷǰĻˡ
һ·һԼ־ŷ˵ûˡ
ôˣڿռιôȪںˮôãûָ۾
ڣŰ׹ռ·һСϻ
ԡŷسſ˫ۣûˡžԼһµ˼
ڱԣŷôãзʽ
Ƕŷ˵һȴģģ׳֮Ƕμ䣬ԺжѾģ
ػص䣬ûдκ˴Ƕľòʵ
Ҳдɻ󣬿ϰƿһУɻҲϡ
Աſ˫۵ʱֻϰԵôһѿ̸Ľ࣬ûоñǰԼǲǻš
Եǰǽ룬ĴǰְԼؿڣϸӦǷʱ䲻ŷһ̵Ȼ©һġ
졣
ŷԴע£ӦŴ֮´ȵȷ֮ٴ֣̽ŷľࡣ
ȥλãŷҪܿ
λñ¶ڱ£ھǽ˶ԷС
ŷκȫΧԼ
˱΢΢ָԼû
ԭַ̧˻ȥ˱ԼĴ
ϸָԼľ࣬Ұεǰ̻¶˶Ǹ
ģⴥ
¿ƭˣƭˡ
Ļˡ
̫
άָƣ̧ۣǰ¶һظı飬Ȼȴ֮ľڽˡ
Զ˳Ĳԭϣ֮·ֻˣֻͣľࡣ
ŷûʱΪ˾ʲôⶼĸоǵָʶ۾һоͱòͬˡ
ˡ
ָľ뿪Գ˻ûˣ̫ˡ
𾪺ҲΪʲô׹ռﲻһ뿪ٴλתΪռķ治ܴڳ֮Ļ
ڽ׹ռһ˲䣬ŷѾˣڿռĹ֮£һֱͣȥһ̣˱ȻĻᡣ
׹ռȪ֮޸忴ü˿ڣֻһ⣬һƬ磬ܹٴ
֮󣬱Ͳپᡣ
ҲãֻҪĽҪľС
ԭͲܹ׹֪ҪȻһȥҪĻԵҲʧ
ţƿĿ⣬Լڳӡ
òװѿڳȴҪȥ
ȴûоÿϧ
ŷͼȷϹһԼǻԺ󣬾ٴڿһţȥ
״ҲվӵȡĳͷȻ˵棬ٴδ˳
صϣվֱ壬վڿӵĶתֶŷ˵òˣЪҰȥ
˵ţͿʼԱڳһŪؿ
Աߵⱻסŷ˹ʵбĹ𣿡
ͣ¶Լ˵ϾΪҶڵģòˣӦðȥ
˵ûë˶ȷʵһҪ졣
ŵĳͷ̧һŷӦ֮ǰһˡ
׹汦͸ͨĳͷһ
ŷ̲ס¶Щı飬ٴοʼҲŶ
Щڳʪֱ׻ԭء
һ߲һԵԼôģ
Ķһ١
Ƚͳһʱ֪ôʲôط˵
ǴǳɱǴűĺߵǸׯ
ˣŷֻ˸ʷ˵ôҾȻģ
ʣǾӦô֮ҹʼ˵ˡ
⿪ʼרעԼϵĶһ潫ؿУһŷӰƴ£Լôס
ƾ׹ռ׷Ԩ¶˼գȵѲ˶ɢȥˣԼ˳ԨĽ߳һ·˱߾ĴׯһݣҪѰѩʧɢĸΪɣЩͨĴԽ˱߾Ƭԭϡ
Ȼ˵ƽֱȫĶǣŷ뵽±סԼȻԼ׹һ߹ôı֮·ҵ̵ĵطмжѡ
һμ·ڱµЩӡǣΪӵȪԱøɸɾ
Ůֹûоκοѡ
ǣⲢΪˣΪ˾ԼԹĿࡣ
ŷûʣµ˶ôˡ
ӵȪ׹ı˵²ʣҲΪûоЩ˶
Ҫѹ
˸⣺˵׹ҽȥʱѾˣҿ涼ʲô𣿡
ԡ˵ͷԣϣŷԶҪٽ׹ռԶҪ顣
һһذؿܿͰѿ˸
ŷôãΪרȻԼһؼȥ䲻һ䣺Ϊʲôѡôһ֮أ
ͣ˶
⣬ѿƽҲҪ̧ͷش
صҾܺã㲻ϲ𣿡

 247 
ŷųͷ, ʣµǶɽ¶˿, Ȼý˲ȡ
ڳĴӳ׵, ˱ڳȥɫԵ, ΧЩ⣬Ŀ
άŽŲڿϵĶ, ̧ۿ⣬˵˵˵
ֻýԼǰڿӵʱЩ˵һ飬Ȼվԭأŷ¶˼ɫϵĳͷԼ
һųͷ, һ˵ⶼԼģҪǲϲ, Ҳˡ
׼ϵĹû׹ռȥ, ŷϴŵľǶ˵ķ, ȻЩطˣ忴, ÷ϱǰġ븸ǰϼ, ڴѩʧɢ, ԸһϵֱӾܴȥðԼֳ
ղŻԼһ, ҪʲôĽڲܸ˸, ·, ںˣǰվŵľֳɵɡ
⿪ڣԼһĳͷûȥٴ׹ռЩݵĹ߳ŷ˵׹ռʱ˵ʲô
ű⣬ñĶһʱԭأ۾ָ֪ľ䡣
ŷҿɶˣ˵ѹͻǸĴ𰸡
˵仰ŷںˮеʱ򣬿ǰǸʱӦû֪ǣôڿռʱ˵ʲô
Ƭ̣ȻʶԼĻȻһָѣ̱ԭӡ
ŷ˵ʲôҲû˵
һ̧̣һʧԭء
ŷԭؿʧλãЦһûǸʱȷʵû֪˵һ䣬ڲĴ𰸡
˵ʧõʱ¶ĵ뷨ҲⱣǸʲô
תĿ⣬мķһӳңʣµ·;һ·ȥֻ²̫ƽ
ǸŽôʱ򣬱Ѿٴδ׹ռˣŵĻһϻӣװŵ¥ϡ
ϾǱʯˣġ硱ܹߵûдʯЩ˵ȥ
ŷ⽫еϻӴ򿪣˿ʾǵĻˡ
ŷҪݣϻӸ˵Ҵ㵽ȪݵʱûаϵĶó֪жõġ
㹻ˡŷӹϻӣ˿Щϵĳɫ㹻ΪмϻǸ·ҪƥѺ͸
ͣŷȡЩܷűƿƿ޹ޣʼԼЩαװһ߶һ߶Լ˵׼ͬ˵·ʧɢֳ
šԿĶαװַүүԼȫһֻʶѧϰţת˲ͰŪ˸ԼмƵӣٲȻãֻЩϡ档
ͬ׽ҲãҲãøʵôƣñ֪иԼĸʲôĸо
ŷϵĶδͣÿӣ·Ҳ֪Լϵڱģ˵λȥ·кܴܻأõĻһͻỳɡ
ʵãǰʲô
ŷͣϵĶתͷĿɨȻ˼Ц⡣
о˵ʲôĻͼŷڿ֮ջĿ⣬˵һˣֳЩͬҰֵܲˡ
ֻЩʹ׳˶ЩٰϵǻøȻͲôע⡣
飬һ˵á
ϵ·ڶҾڴѩ⾳ﴩģһ·űȥϾͻˣԵмȥһЩϴ·
ˡŷΣϰŵЩƿƿ޹ֽóֻϻӱϣվת˵Σ
⿴Ƭ̣ѪԵϵֳˡ
ķӦŷΪ⣬˵ڿʼͽҸ磬ҽССǾڽ㡣
Ļ˵ļ򵥴ֱǱҲûʲôԵأͷӦ
˲뿪ʱƣۼԽԽࡢԽԽֵмȥ
ǴͷжŷȥЩȥȡҪʣ˳Щд̽Ϣ
ЩڴѩȻĴߵˣҲϢͨһȺˣǿпܶõϢŷƲʶеĶ
ȥϷݵףЩĴ
˼мҪֿʱ򣬱ŷסԼ
վԭתͷվŹ⿴Լ¶һ΢Ц˵ѡĳ֮ҺϲһգҲѲͰɡ
Ȿܵؾ仰ŷ仰˵ȥͼվԭسԼ˰֣Ȼһת뺣еһһȺ˺ûӰ
ֻջߵĻǵ̯ȥ
ŷ뿪˱⣬ûмȥһϻɫϼѵϣһ֮ߣѰۼ֮Ϣػ˽ȥ
ۼĶЩˣǵĽнУҪ̯λȥ̯
һһª¥ǴϺûֱӽף۸ߵãҲֱؽ
ŷѰһλЩ̶öｻ̸ţٲֵ̸ۣ󲿷ֵﶼż硣
ֻСׯ죬ٳɵճԻıⲻͬŷͨҵԣЩڱ޷ֱĻУͬԼһ
µ۵ǻ󽫾Ƕҵܿͻɨ˷ʱսȼ֮ǵܹչĵطľ֣ܵǵģλµʱɣҿ絣ĵʱæã
һҰĲԳԴǵ˷Ц·һжѾУеĴĻȴ¶˲ͬı顣
ŷǰ˵ʱս¿ճ־ãЩĻ۱ĹˣҪЩ̼ϰǮջȥ
սʿҪ׳궼սҪ⣬¾͸ˡ
ŷǵĻϢӦۼݱʮĻӵǻʶ䣬ŴܷѾǰ϶
һƷһֶΣǻشȥȵô޷Ӧˣҽڡ
ϢѾЩ֮ɢҲˡ
λŷĿ¶˼űȥǰ룬ǵµۣʹѰ֡

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ȵǵĸ̸۽, ҪеĽ׻ʽʼ, ŷҲܿһȦ, ͬеϻȤ˻ҪĶ
ĶмͨĻڴȥ֮󣬺ܿľʹЩлƥ㹻Լʳڲԭϵ˰ѳֵı
һս, ϴŵаͳֱµ, Ҫٴʵ
̯ЩƷ, ʯЩ˿ͷĲ, ·мȥͯһЩǮԼȥԳĿ
Ƚ滻ϵ·ŷͰİƷ΢ظһ, ²ϡ
һУѵʱ䲢̫ãŷվڿȥ˷âĴ⬣˭Ҳ벻Щ֮²ļ̡
߳񣬻Щ·Ƿﻹûյ̫ۣõİ취ǵȱˣЩǸĶջ׹ռȥ
Ȼû˵Щ߾Ĵ̯, ŷƾŶ߾ԭ˽, ǸΪ׼Ķλ߹ȥ, ܿͼͬЩ˸𣬻ûд̯ǰ뿪ı⡣
ҵ磿
⼯ҵʧɢֳˣֲʧ䡣
һű֮ȥδһ߳ȥ
ǶԻģ֪λֳĸǷһ˳ѩгˡ
ȼŷֵʱһ¾ȷǱĸ磬Ͼ˵˵ơ
˵˵źȻͣס˻ͷĿԼ󣬱Ҳתͷȥŷ˹
ûпڽи硣
ŷǵЩҵͨǰǸҲ˵ŮǶ¶һЦݡ
˹վıߣһִļϣȻöԿк
˵̫죬ָЩסڱ߾ĴЩͬñ붮벻
ŲµŷڽԼݣȻЩˡáĴл
ЩллչãҲ֪λرŷϴͨΣϵҲαװҴ˵ʱһ·һӵġɿͨСˡ
˵ÿУҲֵ׽Ƕû˿ɡ
ⲻ˵ǽʱֻƸһЩģԼ˼ĸˣܹ˳ؽ
ûû¡˵⺢ӸߵǴǲܰ˵ѩǸǸʧɢģ֪Ǹˣ
Ҹ޴󰭡ŷصֻȣ
Ƕû£Ϊⵣ˼ųһվŷߣһƶٿУ㲻ٷôԼ˼Ͱվ˵
Щһ˷׷ʵǸ׵ˣӦҪһɣ
ŷͷԣ׼ԭһ󣬵Ⱥٻȥ
ףǲȸһȥɣүţȻǴЪţһ·ҲиӦ
ٷ֮ǰڴѩʧɢ¡
ŷлǵĺ⡣
ǸԭļƻҪȥڼȻؾˣ׼ȵҸȺãȻԭƻ·Ͳżλˡ
˵ˣҲûǿڸŷԺ󣬾Ϳűǵ̯ǰ뿪á˵Ӱܿʧ˵С
ŷԭΪ˻ἴ̶뿪û뵽ŷȴһ񴦣˽ȥ
Ҳ˽İ࣬ŷߵŰǰ£ڳһſõĹߣͿʼæµ
һ߶һͷҲ̧ضԱ˵·棬ȥϰɣԺԱ߶ŵ·Ҳһȥٹһ緹ȳԹ緹Ϣߡ
ѾһжźˣֻҪС
ŷҪæ㲻ٶ˵ʲôֱߵ棬Ȼڰϰڷ۵·
⻻ϵ·
̫ͷԭϵ¶ԽϺص֮󣬱еЩ
ŷ˵Ļµ·ý˿ռȵٳŷǮǲǸʳʱ
ŷУĶǱ߿ȥһЩ·һߴ
С·ӣŷиֳһ˿Ц⣬˵
͵궼ڳ壬ͨ·ǴҪһЩӣǸͷͳһصˣ׹ռ֮󣬻ͷһαװڿԽкˡ
еǰϰŵͲ⣬ŷѾʼʳˡ
һû״̬׹ռ˼죬ողŸ˵ı׼˵ʳӹˡ
˵Ե⣬ͷԣô죬ԺϢߡ
ôΪҪȥϷŵĶ⳯ŰȥһʼĹ߸ԭѾ˰ƷȥЩֲڡ
ԾɿŷʲôջĿ⣬һ߶룬һŷʲô
顣ŷɻֽһǼԺġƵİӳȥըƽһƬ
ôһ˵һ¶ϣԼʱһ죬һ
άƣʵϣǡ
ŷǵãֻ˵ΪɱߵһˣҰϴĶþˣһЩ
ȻûмԺġ󣬵ܼ׷ӳȥҲܹһˡ
Ѹٵ˲ͣùϵĲɾϵ֬ٻص˰󣬼ͽװԺʢĻ
ȻЩ᲻ᱬը⻹̲סǰ濴ŷĶ
ߣŷѧ
ҾͿ
ŷͷ㿴ѧˡ
Ȼ˵ţûֹԿԼ飬Ϊ
ȵ̶ͬ˵һ飬ԺŽõ⼸ö鶼Ŵӻȡݸ⡣
ʲô
ⲻԵֽӹԼеһƣһ塣
ŷһҵԺ˼ң滹İǡ֮ʧɢˣͿҵǣǡһʦĶţʱ򻹸

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 249 
iүү, ԼȥԺֽүү, ȻûʲôԣǱ⿴ŷԼƣȴЩɡ
Ϊʲô, ֻΪ˵Що̫
ʧɢ
Ǿˣôʧɢi, ȴûǿԱߵ, ߵ, Ҹ
˵仰, ҿɾ̲סҪӦˡ
ŷͬˮӳӰӣպi, һ²ŷӦ⻰ʲô˼
šְǿǰ, ˵һͻʧɢֻԷһͬһ𣬼Ժ˼ңȻܹȷݣӲǲվҪȥ, , ܸذ˵
֮ǰңñץס, ǶЩ, ɳ̸ͬСû뵽, Ǹ̸УֻҪһСģץסҵġ˵ţԱ΢΢һЦģ°ɡ
ֱ治˵滰Ǽٻϣ˵ģûʲôΣͷ¶ϺһӳĴ㡣
á
ŷע£ǿƣ˻УȡһСɰ
Ҳж㡣
СɰǰһŷһһۣӦþǰֻװʲôҲ֪
;գ֪׷ΣգСɰƿȪַöŷš
˳ȪԱ߽ĹӣͷιһţҲ֪ǲת˹ţ򲻵ѵʱ򣬾ͳ
áŷҲӦ
öӷŻСɰԺֽ̧Сɰ˹
˻ཻ˶ͬ׼һȥһ֮á
-
磬Ϣһ˾Ͱ뿪
ŷõƥǰѡһƥͷȥŷһֵļȥ
̫Ҫɽʱ׼ϡ̯ұ⡣
һγǳ˳һվѾѴĶҪʣ׼ãͻȥ
ԭҪұȴ˸գֻ²ǴٶȱԼҪ죬Ӧûȥˡ
Ҳû˵סҲˣǻصԼ̯λȥ
һȺӱ߾ׯĴֱŽת뿪м³ŶҾڻȥˡ
ԭϣƥԶܣƥ϶ˣֻһƥţֻһЩʡ
ƥŷĿŲͻ;ȴ
˷ǰ·ں
ʱ䣬·Ų޲ߡ
ƥձܣҹͣϢ
·ʱŷһƥһƥȵ磬ŷͻỻƥֻǴŸЩҪʵƥƥ
ŵȵڶգʵֻỻɱŵƥ޶ȵرǿѵ״̬·
֮УĲԭ߽绹кܳľ룬밲ȫһʱգĲԭбܣӭ޾ķ磬ͷʱвӥĳͶµӰӣҲʹ֮С
ļѾһС㣬ط궼ǽнԶ
뿪һ˾ۼĵط֮ܳ˺Щʱ;ܼõĻѩһȺ
ǻڷΧС
ͷ̫ҵʱ򣬴һ·ڣǶȽƫб¡
ŷᵽҪϱȥ̫µķжϣǰķҲȷʵˡ
̫ϵĹâһʼĽɫѪĺɫûôˡ
ϼŲԭı߽ȥӰڵϱԽԽЩżȮĽҲٳ֡
ⲻΪ۵Ĺâ۾ܵǵľۼԶҲ
ҹʼǰ٣һƬԭʼ
Ϧһƹâɢ֮ǰǶڲܡ
ֱҰڰȺǿʼҫ˵ǰͣ
ŷһ
Ҳסٶȡ
ͣŮŵǰͣĵƥͬͣ˽Ųͷʳǰïݡ
ŷϣǰһƬԭ˻䵱С
ҹɫƬԭϣԶķЩ΢ʪˮñתǸ¹¿һѵġûжĺ
ǲԭߣ顣
ȵŷҹĻջ񣬷Ա˵Ϣɡ
ӦһŴ
һأ͸е˰ԼȶЩѪҺͨһؾʹһͷƤʹ⡣
ǰǣµıܷ紦ȥŷûʲô⣬˱Ҳסˣվֱ御ȻǰȥԼ֮гҪǨԼ
µı紦ϢĺõطˮļڣԵס硣
ϴȻƫ·ȴ˺̺ӣһ̣ǰɾͿԱů
ռЩɲ˻ŷĳֱֲƥ˩档
һתͷڻǰŸյЩڵĹڲŪѣŷǶ˵ţȥӱȡЩˮ
һ˵ţһ˷ϵˮҡ
״һվҿǺЩԶֱȥռȡЩȪˡ
ˣȪԸ˵ʣŷȻѾȹȪֽݹһԹһöȪ۱߽һ·һЩȪҲ޷
ŷű⽫ȪճˮĴ󷽣Ȼ˵ȪγһԼȥʱݹǾûбҪ
ֹʧԭء
ȵٳʱ϶һװȪĺ֮⣬дӿռժ߲˹Ϲ
ЩһΧնʱûѵĽţ÷·ǳ档
˵ϣȡһ֦ŷ
ŷûͽ֦԰ɡ
ȵŷӹˣò֪ʲôʱͷõǩʼЩ߲ˣϵϣڻϿ
ֻǻδ죬ȻԶĴ͸ҹƣ־ʶضһ£Ӳǩ
̧ͷķȥҹɫԳǵӰӣԱߣԭȥȡˮŷҲǸ
ڲԭϣȺǱ׷¡

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׺, Ƭûܹвǵ޵Ĳԭ, Ǿǵ֮İ
Ǳܵٶȼ, Σʱܹˮ, Ӿߣϴȥϵζ, ׷޷׷
ڸԽѩɽʱ򣬾˵ڲԭϵΣգ۾ӵȺһ
ԭϷֲȺСС, Сжʮֻ, ܴﵽϰֻ
ϵһС͵Ⱥ, ôŷֶθԸ׷, ҪʮͷӦֻʱ⣬̫, һɼȺἯͬʱϰֻҰǵĴȺ
վⰫ·ԱĿ, ԼԶصӰ
Σʱ, ˶彩Ӳ֪, Ϊй̫ĽӴ, Ա˿ȻҲȫӲȴڼٵתţܹЩƽȺӳ졣
뵽ĵһ취, ·ƥ
ԭǵĲݳſұ߾ķǨ, ЩڲԭϲҰ, ҲʱӷȺţȺʳȺȻתƵ·߹
Ǹ֮䱣һľ룬ûаЩڲԭƵ̫һ·ϻõʳﲻ̫㡣ǰƥֿɵõĿڣЩȺעƥϣԵࡣ
ƥȫĿٶȾԱŷ죬Ŀ⿴ⱻ˩ŷıϵƥ
ҪΪȺעʳ͸Ȼɱƥƥֻʣ㸺ر˰죬Ŵ󲿷ĿȥЩȺƥ֮ǰӳԶľ롣
ҪȺӺ׷ʵڲеĻǾͬǴըЩҰޣըߵľŷԸԱ
кܴĿܣŷҪһ˶׹ռȥⲻӦ
ȺߵĻ⣬ҰӦη𣬿ƥΪԶǵϢڽ겻ط䵥ˣȼĻ𷴵ΪںڰǵЩʳǰ⡣
⿴⼸ƥԲԭĿȺıƽ֮УԽԽٽµĶͼ˩סԼѸȥıܷӦʶҪöĻǾҪ춯ˡ
ŷʾŷ
ڼᶨԺȫĽӲоʧˣ⿴ŷͬٵ˵Լոõļƻ
һţͿȺΧ֮ǰȡӳһξ롣
ŷĻȴ޷Ӧ
£ԭӦñȱϡжŷ˿ûҪӵ˼
ֳָɫ·˹ѡ
ԶȺУͷǵӰֳ
ͷߴվںӰĶ²ĸ߶ϣдеĹâ֮У߷һϵġƳơ
һ֮ŷ۾˼֡
š
Լôһ仰˾ʹⰫǰԾȥ
Щںҹ͹âȺǵû룬ӭ˹ȥ֮վǰҪȡˮĺӱߣ¹ʵĺͬ԰Ⱥš
׼ȷ˵Ŀͷǵϡ
ŷӳȥĶ̫죬̫ͻȻס
ȻӣҪȥԶԸϰͷǣһϰֻǶŵĻ棬Ǹеᵽɤۡ
ջĿ⣬Ѱţ˼ʹǱıаγ˷ĵִȼյĻгһ׳ʵľġ
˵ĻȼţŮһִһִŻѣת˫۲ҷɵضǸ
һǱʲô춯նȥ̻
һ̷һĻȴȫûԤϵ
ںӵĶ԰ͳɼȺۼһγɵĲ߷ƺ󣬱վںӰߵ˷·Ҳһƥǡ
λΣꡢؼ̬ͬ԰Щһ
ӦͰأŷơ
ڼ紵ĲԭϣһƳòܹҰ·ƲʣǱе¸ӵչ¶»Ƭԭ
Ӧ֮󣬾ȻҲٴγХ
һһǵĳƴȺԭǰȺǶԭͣͷХ
ǰȫȻһĻȺǵХУŷͣȻǱȺһɵӹ˺Щ˵Ⱥȥˡ

 251 
ѻȼ, ȺѾٺС
˽䱸̬, ˻ǰеĵ, һŵĻҲ˻С
Զ
Ⱥû߿һ˳һЩ, ˸ƥĽš
ƥƺȷȺٴԵŮҲɱǣΪȺնӸոյĽ겻лָ, 㲻ټٵŽµĵ档
ȼգࣵ뱦ĶСǱߵĶȻŷٷǺ, ЩеĽʽͬǽϢͺҲȺеһԱЩǶԺһ֡
ͷߴ֮⣬мƥͳһȺͷ˳, ںӶ԰¹ҫİ, һ
ʶĲŪһ», ûյøˡ
ŷǸԶ˳ϵˡΪˣȴڲԭ۾Ϊļɵɫ, ЩڲԭһǨ㡢ҹȺ, û뵽, ǸЩȺʱ, ȴЩǵĹһطꡣ
ôģ
ŮӡůĺɫҲȼ˹âΪʲôԸǡΪǿ
ǱԼҲˣΪʲôȺЩĺ壿
̫ɻֻܵŴ˿̻ͣںӵĶ԰˻Ժһһ
Ұķʽ˸ֱҲЧŷǱͣ˱ȱԤƵҪ̵ʱ䣬ٴδǵİΧ뿪Ծַӹ¹ĺ棬ص˰ߡ
ûմŵĿ۴󷭷ɳȣҲΪһս֮ǰδǰʾ˼
һվԱ߰ͷԲݵƥȴ΢΢˾ţΪŷͻȻմȾĲԭζ
ȱⰲŷס˩ڱϵֱֻ
ϴУƥȰ
ŷ֣һƥͷǣƹǣ˱ǰ
һʼڿЩ߲˹ϹѾˣֱӽ˻ŷһۣͼߵԼʱȻǻ¿߲ˣڻϼ˹ǴɣĢ߲ˣһ
ش󣬳Է󣬼ȻѾΣգЩȺͻŷѾˣڻΧû¶ȱȶȵĿ߲˴ݸ»صǰˣ˵Ѿˣ԰ɡ
ŷϣŷֺγˣ
ЦԷǵı飬ӹݹЩ׹ռ߲˴Ժ󣬱ٴ˻ԣóǰ֪룬ӣӹΪŷʢһ
֮󣬱̧ͷԭݵϣȴͬڶֶֻԼոĿƹ˻ѣԱߵƽϣŷһ־Ϳõ
˶ӷŵлصǵʱ䣬θʳȶȺͱԺ󣬱ֽĿͶںӶ԰Ⱥ˻Լŷ
붫ҵĹܹͣŷȻǳ⣬֪ǳԵĶϼʮٱǰϵıҲһġ
׼Щʳﶼͬһû˿˷ѣԵøɸɾ
ӹݻ룬һԣ׼ȥϴȻֱ壬ʼԸ˵
ŷûзϣԼ׷ʵôģ
ڶ˶Լ΢΢һЦȻ˵ȺгģҲ
𰸣˳׵⡣
ܵ˶֪ŷǰμԺԺĺӣ֪ǹ¶ȴû֪ŷԺ﷢ӣŷԺ֮ǰ
Ӳԭϴڱ贵øɢ¹£ЩͣԭصȺ֮ȻŻ
ǽղǰˣ󲿷ֵͣԭأֻٲ׳뿪ȺΧȥѰ
Ⱥڷļڼ˱׶ҲǱҲΪļ⵽⣬ֻһôոѧĺӣżֻǵĸǵԼС̽ˡ
ƬԭϻΪȺеһԱ֮ҲСһ˺Ѫ
ȺֵܡĸûоȺʲôͬڲԭϷڵһμȺųΪֹǣ˵ĺԺ󣬾ҪȺ룬صȺ֮С
ǳɹ𣿡
ŷЩ飬ڽԼ·ڽһ˵Ĺ¡
֮ãȺȺӦ׵ʱһǵЩ飬ŷȴɹˣԭϵЩ飬ġ
Ⱥдűʱ򣬾ͱԭϵУϴɾֽţôöû޼ͷϺͯ·һεҰһ·еĺӡ
ֻԼ̣ǰԼһԱͲ˰ߡ
ǲűһûкӵϥϤĽ˵ģĺӣһҹָŴȦȻֳ˼ƥȺˡ
֮ü꣬ЩڲԭϷ˸εȺ֮֮սʱǰУʱȺϮǵĺӴȥ
һֱȺУûнӴĺӣǳԺ󣬲ôҲԣҲ̣ʼûзӴ
ŷǰؾʱȺʱУֱŷԺǱ붫ңΪһƷ÷ֱǿ˼ԺӣڴӲԭȡشܵʱ켣Ⱥеİӡ
ǵ֮һÿ궼µСȺеͳǵҲһȥȵϵӮսߵʱȺҪµ졣
Ⱥ干ͬŷȺ֮УĺӣֻԼĺӵĸǣ̡
Ժֻɬȥսµ죬λ
ҪôȺ֮УҪô뿪Ⱥȥı·
˵ⲻʲôѵѡ񣬿ǶһȺг󣬵ҲԵĺ˵ȥѡҪֲˡ
常Ǹʱǰġ
ŷǰȼյĻѣֱߵ֦۳ΣҲͶ˻С
ԸԸߣҪһߡڲԭϣȴǴų󣬲֪Լĸĸ˭֪ԼʲôˣҪһУҪһ³ʵѡ

 252 
ŷ˵, ǰֳ˵ǸԶҹ, ԭȺмôһӵŷԺ
ʱŷǰŵ˴ȫģ
ڵѾɹâĿӣʱһԭʯ, һ
ֻŷԺ, ܿص
֪ΪʲôŷԺһӶϧ֮, ҪΪԼļߡ
Ϊ˵һ־˭ҴӺδ, Ҫδȥ
ǰŷ˵Ѿ޽֮⣬ڰǰʣһǴȺ֮뿪, ֮Ҫȥδ, Ҫѡһ
Խ٣·ԽǴ⣬ʺϳΪܼԺҪǸˡ
˵, ʲôˣŷͣ»䣬Żѿ, , ˣǵˣ
ʣҡҡͷ
ǲԭϵ֮Ǵﾭı֮, ԭƽ֮, Ƕˡ
ûһΨһĴ, ͵ûд𰸡
κ, ҲԲκˡ
ѡǸǰָߵһͳΪˡ
⣬ǡŷĿʼ
ŷһЦ˵ѾʱڸõĹ¡
˵ЩԼڸ常Ӳԭ뿪֮Ѿܾûлȥˡ
ʼǼ꣬Ǹ常ߵӰӡ
ΪСŷˡ
ٺΨһλŷˡ
ȺþˣϵԽǷâ¶ı˽ʣԲԭԣȴȻϵӡǡ
ֱ־ͬšĶ뵽ʱ򣬱϶һҰ޶ϵս
ŷΪӣߣɼ̳˲Ϊʲôŷôһꡣ
Ϊ˵ƣΪʲôͬ
ϱӱⲻ֪ŷôŷע⣬һȴۿŷŷǰڽ֮ǰҲͬһŷ뾿ʲô⡣
ֱŷ˵Ĺ֪Ϊͬԡ
ǣһֱΪżҲһƥǡ
ŷϿԼҲΪܵһеĿԡ
ԶȺలſڵϣΧĶ䲻ʱضʢСȺֹͣн֮󣬾ĸ߹˺ҧ
ҹҹûȴûм·
ȻΪŷ
ûм͵ȺǻԽĺϮġ
⿴ҹµȺҪĳ嶯
·ϣ׹ռû׼īҪֽ̯ˡ
ſϧ飬ջĿ⣬ŷǿʼ·ʱ򣬾𣿡
ŷ˵ͷԡ
ڻصƬԭϵʱ򣬼еһյľӡ
ڹȥ뿪ȺٻǶϵóһ̫ȷΪһ뿪ʱʵ̫ˡ
ǵޣʮ˵ֻһΣǶԴ󲿷˵ȴѾһ֪ԼȺڲڡ
û뵽Щ常Ӳԭ뿪֮Ҳһ뿪ȺԭȥѰԼصֵҲĵλ
ҲΪʲô⼸ȺۼһжΪǵͷǶһĸֵͬܡ
ˣϢһҹٸ·
˵̸ŷԱ˵
šһͷһֽùЩ;߶
ЩԭӦõӱȥϴžۼǱߵȺȻǸŷԨԴΪԵʣأû뿪ԼȥϴĶѱǻΪԼҪʲô𹥻
ԥƬ̣ǾѲ;ߴ׹ռںϴһ
ʰ˶ִŹߣƺ̧ȥûص׹ȥŷվס
лл
İæ⻻˸ƣһֱֻסЩһĲ;ߣճһֻ
Ҫְ̧ǰ˵ҹϢɣճһ·
ţĶԭأ̧ۿȻҡͷܾˣҴͳ
ŷһüȥΪ׹ռ˯øӰȣҪǺҹʲôΣգҲᱻ
ɴؾܾŷղԼûͬ˵ӵ˶԰ȥЩȺվں󷽣һֳֵһֳֻѣһʲôʾҪ׼
ʱ龳ΣգûдߣڻܾԼ飬ŷҲ̫ˡ
룬Ⱥڶ԰䣬ܹ˶ܲ׽СԶǺ׷Ҳ緢ʾҲͲǿ
ȱӰٴγ֣Ե̺Ѿ̺ˡ
ŷ࣬ɵλøһѣʮĿ˼
ŷ̺һƣҲԼˡ
ݣźصë̺Ը¶ˮ
̺˲ӵ£۾ͷǿա
ʣҹҲѹһս֮ôʱ̡
ԭ׼Ҫ»صߣǻӶҾڳɹ˳ȥ·ǰ
ԵĻûˣµĲ룬ڲԭǿ½Сȥ
ĻϯصĻ֮УҲеԼ˯֣۾Żѵ³˯ȥ
-
ڶգ
۾ȼյĻѾϨ𣬶˯ԱߵҲѾ뿪ֻ˯̺ڵϡ
һ˯óϵĳ
ƿ̺ԺվŷںӱߡںӶ԰ϳȺЪȺȴˡ
ⲻɵóԶȥҲûҵǵӰͺϼЩȺξһ

ڱ˼ʱ򣬱ںӱߵŷ˻ץֻõӡ
ˣһصߣŷʣ˯ú𣿡
ǡĿŵֻϣȻ̧ͷȥ𣿡
Ұ˯ţ⻽ѣɫӦûŶԣŷʹֻӻƤϴˣѵж磿
Ҵġŷﴦõӵݸֽӹ֣ʼʰϵ̺ӣٳȼչĻҽҹ١
ӣݶ֪ǰˣ׼ϳԵģͳԸӦȥٵºۼ
ǰʰõӴ˿ռȻٳ
ŷѾ˯̺ӵⰫ»ȼչĺۼҲصÿˡ
ٳ֣ŸֻȺҹӹģЩǳȥץԺ󣬱ֻ˹
һŷ۾ԭıҲᾪѣû뵽ûнģȫ֪ҹ
Ļŷ޴ӷ
ȷʵŷߣֿԷĵĸоǾʱճľһʲôҲ֪ˡ
̫δ죬峿ˬԶһЩ·ˮϳԡ
ǵˮװŵǱҹ׹ռȡȪһھ˸еˬ
ȹˮԺ󣬱⽫ƿϣȻˮҹһϣŷЩأʲôʱߵģ
ҹжϢҵطϢȥˡŷͷѾˮǶ˵ﵽı߾յ·̡
֮У׷ʱ׷ǰξ룬ӵó;ϮĶ˵ʲôҪ·
˼
һĨ죬˵ͷ
ݣŷ״תͷȥһޣ߶¿
ݣһУҲ߶Լȥ
ƥһ³صλãһٴĲԭϱ
ӳһ·ܵϦڲԭϼ˵ڶ䡣
һıܣܳ˱Զľ룬ϢһȥԲݺˮʱ˶·ϡȵҹĻٵʱ˸ܷĵطΪ֮
ֻոմӿռùĲ;ߣͽŷõֻóԶûȺӰ׼֣ùҵȥ
ôסˡ
ԶֵȺ࣬ϵϰֻһȺž֮һӡ
ԱĿԿЩȺ˽ýߴ׳ꡣ
˵żϵȺ˵ǴҹǴ͵ȺбǲĻڰչȥ֮ǰ·һ·׷ҹһԶŷ
ǡ
һ¹һ濴ŷ
׹ռժϴˣʱЩˣЩȺҲڼǰӰһת۾˶档
Ȼŷ˵ǻһ·ǳȥ
ⲻ֪ЩȺǿԭȻͷҪٻȥǵȺϣҪٵľʱ䣬Ҳ֪ŷȥǵмǲҲһ㣬ǿӣѾȺĻ͡
ڵϹõӼŷոĻϣʼ۾ȻŶЩ¹еǡ
˵ֻǿԶЩǣŷʵôˣڵǻ𣿡
ҡҡͷǡ
룬Щ뿪ԭڰȥ֮ſʼӺ׷ûӰ쵽ŵ⼸ƥҪǺһڰ·ƥֻ»ᱻ׷ö񱼣˴ߴ٣Ҳܵ÷ɿ졣
ֻӣ⽫Ƕˣõ߲˼ɣϵ֬ڻתеν˵Ϻĭ˰ɢ˵⿴ſɽɫƤ⣬ԼԺ󿾵óԵֻӡ
һֻȿãŷǲ̣˺˷ȣ˱ϴɾİײҶϣȻݸ
ֽӹ˵ллŷתϵһֻӣû̿ʼʳǱ߶ȺʵǻԼȥҳԵ𣿡
ŷЦһ̧ۿԣǳʲô
ŷ˵ʮƥֻǵǴԽԭĻỤ鲢Ҫǹܡ
ҹḺ𾯽䣬ҲȥԣԼҶԣڶһ磬˱͵ֻҰ
Ȼŷʰɾ˱׹ռﱣܣЩҹǵֲˣֱҹĻٴν٣ֳߡ
գ⽥ӦЩȺҲϰÿߵ
ΪЩԭ;䵱ǵĻһ·ǲûʲôޣҲûнٶȷǳ졣
ʱ䣬ԶԶؿԭ紦ɽ
ϣңңڼɽ壬¶ϲɫȵִɽɽܹͨ߾׺Σա
ŷѡǰǴܣڵλ߽·̳̣ҲжԶ̬ȵĿ
ҪȹǴܣܱ߾ﱻ׷׷סҵ˾ͻܱ߾ͻҪǴӮˣǾͻض˵ҪǴˣҾͻֱұĽڣֱɱ
ǽ߾ڻûд붯֣ұںôãٰҲҪͬʱַֻҪܹ룬Ǿܹ׷ɡ
ΪڼϲãŷϵɫԵƽ࣬ҲǾء
Ҳһ㣬Խǿ߽磬ԵԽǽ
ǰգͣڻԵʱ˱Ҫõб޻
һڻԣŷָٴסѵԼȥҪ죬ҲҪ졣ҪδҪ
ŷɿ֣ԼϰڿĶʱ˵һ䣺ϵ˵ʱҪǲľҡ
ĵֻһͣ˵ס
֪ԣԵҲմѪȣٵҲһܹȫˣҪӲĳɱˡ
㹻ģٶҲܿ죬ʺϵıǵֻϧڼУŷûмȻñõ
յͻϰñյƲͣǰѵڴŷϣתƵ䡣
ɽȻĳһξ룬ŷͣҲ⣬ƥͣϦ͵Ĳԭ߾ңңͨϼڵɽȡ
Ϧɽϣɽ־ȾͶ֣һɰ
ڵʲôŷ
ڹȥĻô̫ɽǰǾִܹ룬ŷͣĵ
ڴɽȼ䴵ķУ˵
һֱȺͨһξ룬Ҫǳ֣ҪȵϦɽĺɫִˡ
ŷϣƥͷŲݣߣȻ·ƣڣҲͣ˵ϡ
ȵһĨҲʧڵƽϣǸһ·Ⱥ̤ĺɫˣǳһ˲䣬ԭصƥ궯
ȺͣǱһξ롣ŷϣͷȥӭЩĹͫȻת⣺߰ɡ
һգĺɫٵʱ֣ѾʮƣΪǵĳ֣Եŷһʹٴǰȥʱƥڿ־бɽȥ
ͣԭصȺҲٴαԶظƥ
ڲԭϳĿǻеĿ־ǵԡ
׷жʮƥǣǻ֣̿ϵı⿴ɽȵľԽԽ̣Ľźͽڵϵֻ֣ȴǳڶδ֪Ŀ־벻
ǰȴǵľǹһ񣬻ǳ嵽׾ܹǰչɣȻ෴ֽǻＤҵ
ӭ洵ļУĺҪ޷Ϊ̡
ոɽôԶĵطŷͣȺ
ԭΪ嵽ɽǰʱҲٴͣû뵽ǰȴû˿Ҫֹͣ˼
սսʿһǰسɽȣȻһЩͳɽڷȥһ춯صıը
ضɽҡȿڼըҡ
ƥŵ˻뼱ͣУսסΣڱըзɱӰһ
Ȼ

 253 
ڲԭ߾һ֧, Ӱ, ȲԭϵȺûûйɡ
ŷһ·, ǡ
̳߳˶ս, ЩսۿмƥԸӸߴ׳
Щս϶ſ, ˿
˵γһĬӰӡ
ŷһͣȺҲֹס˽Ų, ͣԭ, ЩըƵˡ
ҹѾƬԭıԵǵҹҪԽ˿еɱ
ȷǰЩǵ֮ÿһֻǶӣǰ, Ӻзв˻
, Ⱥ, ԭǿγ˶š
û˶֣ձ˫һͽָӽš
̳, ȺѪɱ, һ
۾Ǹȥһ˲ʮ˱˳
ϴźɫ, ĵִԽİ, ûԼʵ, ǿٱͬˮյԳʮơ
ټԼ֮󣬾кЩʱûټϤף˿̵ŷ棬оĸо
Ŀͣŷϣû˼ֱԱߵı⣬ͺŮղĴƤʧһ
΢΢סµѵصͣס˽Ų
ɽдڲҶĦϸ΢Уڵ˵ŷȻû
ìܵ
ʮʧǴżֻ
ŷİ
ʧΪԼûΪ˻гˡ
ÿһǵ˼ֶͬķӦ
ԭֲȷɱԼ˭һŷϳ¸
ŷѵ½ļûзɣȴֳһЦݣԻ֡
Ǹ̸һ㣬ŷȷڵֽ֮òؿһ飬ſڵ¸ԸĿʾˡ
ûнĻ
Ŀ⳯űķƫ֡
ⴥ񣬻δüӦͼڿԼһ֮ٴջĿ⡣
ڵĿŷ
ܱôƻǰʧѪĳ˳ǰʱ¶ܷɢע⡣
ŷصŷ벻Ұѿ뵽ֻͣлû뵽ŷȴ±ܲܣգȻʲô˶Ͷ붫ңȥ˻ʶŷǶԿУǵЧ常׳٣
ŷ΢΢һЦС
ϧˡؿ֣һȴѪŷ˿ɻǵã뿪֮ǰγڱµġǼԺڶҵ鱨ݵ㣬Ҳȫɾˡ
ŷɫ䡣
赭дļ仰ָȴ΢΢س鴤һ¡
Ҳ֪ɾĸֺŵǶȷѪ꣬Ƕ
ԺڶҾӪôĸһ𣬶ӦԼͷϡ
𣿡
ŷ˼
⿴˵һƷǴµĶصǰγһţܰһǼԺڶҵˣȴ常õģҲ֪Ƕҵĳ󹬡ӡУжǵˡ֮¸ǧҪΪͰθɾˣӦǡ
ֱ˿̣һҪಫ龳¼棬Ȼûзϵԡ
½һҪҲҪԷЩ鷳
Ͳŷ˷ˡŷܼҲܼ
Ȼ嵭ɱȴѾչ¶ţҽսͷ­ȥſڣЩ֮桯Ȼɶ˻һҪΪŴͷ­ȡȥ
⻰еһɺӽ
ڵϵ͵һŷȴȫӰ죬Ц㣬ܹµǳɱлƭΪѾˡһûôõˣŷһͷߵ˾ж֣ҲܰȻ
֪ˡ
Ȼûп֪˵ľԼ
ŷϵЦñ
Լ¶лڶҵĻʶƣڶѾ֪׹֮Ǳ⡣

 254 
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ŷһ޳ڱ, еµĿʹ˻һ漴Լǰȥ
ΪԶȥ, ססΡ
ڽҪɱŷҲûдñߡ̴Ϸ룬żһ̤ͬ賯ӹ
⿴ԼǰӰԶ, ̧־ҪԼֻʶϷȥ, ֽرסӡ
, Х, ŷ֣ŰеϮȥҲ뿪֮Ϯڡ
һ, ڱȡ۵εĽǹ, ڿһ죬˱ֱǹ
һɨ, ЩԼɨ, ǹβײ, , ڿбը
ǹͷ, һ, ͸ŷЩҲ˽
ŷףû˵ı֮һ̧סڴǹ⣬ھ޷ǰ
ⱧдŷЦǶʮƥҲƣЩ͵رϮ
Ⱥ׺ݣЩڲԭϻҲǽ֣ɽ֮ʱսһţµܾɽ֮бȥ
ŷ֮ʱҪͻΧֻŽԵĶ˷׷ȥ
ŷٴηսҲƥߴëӯս֣ű׷ȥ
ԭǲ׺Ұ뿪ΣƶҪ׷ȥ͸еһʹ
ϴŵĻȻªȴεػסҪֻŷܵطö飬ȴ͸ǵĻףǵĺźеʹѸԣת˲ͳ鴤Ŵˤ
ڼŷԼս֮лȥɱԼˣֻСٴ̳ͬĶҡ
ĻŷٴηϮԱߵĸȺһβ䣬ûϮҪûֻ̽һ档
˵ţȴ˵ð¸ҲøϧЩǡһƷǰθԳûɱңɱңҪټӰѾǡ
֪˵Լעϣɳˣսȥ׷⣬ҲûдȥڶͷҪ׷¡
ҽնɱ㣡ǹϹעٴγ֡ҵǹûգҪŷҵǹ£
ⱻųս֣սǹͷĻңڳɽ֮ת֮󣬾ͰƬս󣬿ڵм׷Ӱ
˫ضű⣬һִ̧ӱ¹ڲʱ׼
һӳϹ׷Լ˵оȻй֣ڶŷɱ⣬Ƕű⣬ɱǸǵѡ
а˷ְգһԼҪְγϵıѵС
㲻ԼҲʱˣܣ²ȥҲǳΪǣŷʡ
䣬ڵϣǰ֦ڵǶеĹȻȵ˹ʸ׼˱⣬Ȼƫ˼֣ϡ
һμתǰɽе̹;֮ʱеĹҲ˼£Ŀ꣬ʱ׼һųȥ
ʱȴܾһܴſȴֲӰ׼ͷֻ˼ٴסס
ԵͬѾ˵ô£
·ҰͷȥȴǸŷһȺзֳֻӺ׷Ҫ֮ʱս
еη壬Щѵս׺ݵҰǿ֮ʱҲܵ˷Ӧǵԭػҵ̤ţͼҰǵβ˦һƬҲͼҰ߳ȥ
սʿʱ׷ϱĴ㣬ҪɱͷǡֻȴʮֵĽƻ֪ǵҪ׷ǰǸŮ˿̲ಫֻǲͣϮȵǹʱֻ谭
ǰԭѾ׼һȴ׷ͣ
ǻһ·֮зֳƥսʿζһԭΪܾϱܵ谭֮£ҽһ˻ǰ˼֮ɲסȥƣͣ
ոŷͻȻ֣ӰΧȦͳͻȻ֣ûͣ£Ϊû̫İȻѵǿֻǵսʱ򿰿ܹԱ뿪ܹŷиഭϢ֮
ڴȹȻµǣǺܿĺͻ
·Ҫ֤뷨ɽǱߴһըźŵڿը
ĿٴǱֻǾסϣӦ˵ǸŹϷӲЧǹ֣ռݸߵأͲǰﲻæˡ
Ҹոڴæ֮Ѿˣɽеʮ˵Уֻһ֡
˵ҪߵĻһߣڿܹԼսصŷȥսĻᣬⲻܾŹ
ֻȻ׺ǺǽֵıϾڲԭ߾֪ͬٷͽҰս֧˺ܿҵϵĽ࣬Ҳѹסս
ǹٴڵһֻǣȵеļһǾͻ˲ʰһֻʰڶֻ
Ҳǻᱻͣشϣ£һֻ֮󣬴ǰȻһ̧ͷͼתͷʹšȻ˻
ݣϷӣû˿ͣٵس߳⹭ڻɱǸܻҪ֮䣬˼ѡ˱⡣
ǼʸּķĸоＤҵ
ϵس⹭֣ͬҲʮ⣬ֲעϣƳ˿϶һӳҧֱϣⶫ˷һƺߡ
мţеĵսˡǹ׼֮ɿָų˽ĵһ
ǼʸĹ켣ٶڱǰ·𶼱ޱȣ͵еĵŷķݺݵػ˳ȥԭҪӵļʸԱĻȥ
ƫ˹켣ļʸԱߣȻ͵һϣѾǰٳһξ롣
ǹû뵽⿴ŮȻܹԼ⾫׼һûгɣͬ鱻ǾסʱȻûзȥѸٴӱγ˵ڶ֧ңٴγű

 255 
׼, һȻᱻֻת, Ůʲô
ܹܵÿЩʸͷǲҲֲúãᱻס
û뵽, ڶųȴֱֱƥĲӡ
һ㶣⼱嵽ǰһ, ƥΪмľʹǰ
µʱ, ǰսмľҲѾ, صһײײƥսҲһ£Աᵹ
ܵʶҪסսԱߵһͷȴϢƵǱͬҧסֱ۵౳
ͼȵʱĽŵŵ, Ѹޱȵһ, ʵ쳯ſĲҧȥ
Ƕ˵ľһ
ƥԴ󷢵Ǻսʿ
Ҳ, ʶصת˹, ҪѹͬϵҰɱ
ʱ, 뿪
ûŷ뿪ʱӯҲɲôľ룬Ϊʲôðôľ룬ԼŵĿ
ǹ۽ǵƳŮηسԼٴ̧˹׼Ȼһ̣ŵ鷢ˡ
Ůм֮Զʱˣ
ͬĲҽϵѪⱻ˺⾪ĪĹĹ˲ٴӼͲгһֻëȻسܿȥ

û˻شߴֻбͷڵ˺ҧͬĲҽ
˹֣ڰѲ֪ʧȥŮһԣҪùȥɱ˺ҧԼͬһֻ
תȥ˲䣬ʧԭصŮٴڿֳΣ˹ƶûб
ֻжһѵ泯ⱳĹָ߸
Σգ
ڹҪȥ֮ǰе˺󷽵ΣϮë
ֻϧķӦٶȸϱĵܹת֮ǰǰѾЮǧ֮ݺݵľ
ֻǲԭϵֵͨͨƳŮ֮ؿ绤λá
ַĲҽУ
ĵĲ·ûܵκ谭һӾͽͷĲϿ
ѪƮͷ­أʧȥͷάƣǰȥ
һɱˣҰѪȾ죬ǰѵһμѪĵȾͷĹѪ
ͬʱǸͷΧڵ˺ҧĶҲûϢ
ҧӲţ֪ⶫ˵ĽжѵɿǼճŴ˵ĲϽѪ
ɽ͵ذ
ⴭֻҵ
ĿŵȥѪ̺죬ͬѪûʲôͬ
ɪһ£ʶԼɱǸԼһˡ
һּĿ־ס
ֻƹ˵ϵʬ壬ǰͷ
΢΢زţʱŷ˵Ļٴ
ˡˡ˶ˣûʲô𣬻ὫбֿģֻǵԷΪĵˣɱʱ򣬲Ρ
˱ۣѹɱ˵Ļҡ
ٿԼмѾԭˡ
սʹֺ࣬۾Ȼ󽫹ϵĵȡϵ䡣
ţûͷʬǰϵļͲеĹȡ
ͲڱͲ֮лʮ֧㹻ȥɽ֮⣬ıơ
ԼٿһԵֻǡ
ԼɱҰɱǵжԵԵ쾭壬Ǻ޸
ͷûз֪ΪŷǵҪԼԼȥ
ջĿ⣬ٿԱߵƥս
ȻոˤȴûʲôˣվȻܡ
ԼǴİƥ⡣
лףͬǱŵһסҪսȥصսУ˾ȳļʸ
һƥսĿȻȡԼȪƿӣȪˮƥĿС
ɶѵ֪Щ˶ǻ᲻ʲôĿֶΣ֪ҪѸٵЩʹ׽ԼԼԼ
ιƥսֻȪܵǶԼ׽֮֮󣬱⽫һƥɽ֮УԼһƥȻƥȴԼ˵Ҫȥ
ǺĻһսԭת˸ȦȻһ߶սʱķȥ
ƥҲѸٵظⷢһսɽ֮УʣֻʬԶԶվŵƥս
Ůȥ
ɽ֮⣬ǿźŵԺŷʶսپ
ϵԽãӳȥ׷ϱĻԽã
ֻƲǻ뿪Ǵλãطıľӡ
µ˷ųźŵ֮ڸŷı־ͶԵˡ
ǰֵøɵŷ˿͸ЦݵȴڣҲǴһʼĺ˴󿪴ϡ
¸ŷģֻҪϵԼʤ
ڵĴһøŷͲòӲӲսϲϵسΧϵ˸ǵʬ嵹¡
Ȼŷ׽һ
һʼΪڵľˣϸֱ֮£ȴֻһƥǴɽȹġ
ŷɫ΢ɳȥ˰ѱץˣ
ҲˣϵЦڳǹ֮ʱڵҵ˻ˡ
һǹ.̳ŷؿڹȥǹ½ϻһӣ͵ء
ŷܼʱؿھҪһ˿ڡ
ƣصδء
ڼˣһ˲仹Ϊɽʲô֣Ǻܿ㷴ӦڹŪ
һ˶˵սһš
ŷֻǷһĸ꣬ܿѹ
ʮԽǵʱԽҪסܹѰԷõʤ֮
㱦ⱻץֻҪǰˣ԰
ֻսʱƲิԭڵҲԤڡ
֮ǰԱ˴˵սֱһ֣֪̽Էжô֡
ŷַһѰԳ.ǹ񵲿
ɽԽԽҲֱһƥ
ɳȥˣҪͷٰѱһʲô¡
ƶԼ˰ѱ˻оԽ
ŷڱܹһ֮ǰ˵ŷھ¾
Լǰͷ­ȥҵķϣŵ±һֻػʶ顣

 256 
Լʴ, ֪ŷȴҪ翹
¸ȡҵͷƾԼ˫ȡ, Ҫ¾ǲܣϧúܡ
Ц˵ϧ˿λ, ԼΧ
ԽĽˣ˶ŴɽǱֵ߳Ļʲôˡ
ڣȵսȿڣս˶ԿսӰ, Ҳײһ, Գźȥ, ֿվ, Ǹȥ
һ, ҲãŷҲãж¶˼⡣
Ǵɽ֮бֻܳǵһƥս, ûһˡ
ݵ֮, Ǽսֵ֮ͷǡ
һĻȴ˵ⳡ׷Ľ
ֻǡأ
ƥǻصս֮УԼȥֻͬͳսϻվŵ˹
׺, һʼȷʵЩһ, ǳ, ҵ࣬ȺͿʼ˲ء
ȥĿȥǵһ룬мΪŷİˡ
ŷȥ뱦ںδʱٴγǰڽ֡
ƸϱŷɢΧ̳ŷ𣬴żֳŪص¸׶༪١
絣ĵԼİΣ
һ̣ƿյǶʿһƺߡ
ŷŵ͵תͷȥͼԼźָѪҺ
һ֮־䴩ĲӣҡŴˤ漴ͱһӵϵҰ˺顣
ͫ΢΢һǼʸǶҵļ
һ֮󣬿ת˲ɳͬʿĺ
ͬǰǸͬһһûʹˤȥ

й֣
ʣµЩﵱһҡ
ļȻڸߴҼ˵ãǸ׷˽ɽ֮еĹҲûٷе׼ͷ
ɽȣܵĹΧ̽Ѱһ飬ȷɽûˡ
ⱱܵĹ˲ԭϵȺܹʹ뼺սѾǳϣĹȴǴģ
˫۷·ڸߴǣǵսмҽֵĶȴУڽһ֮ͬʱ˹ķ
ֻߴվȥŮŲԭӵĴ磬һѵ׼·
ļս֣ݵĻ֮󣬱⻺˵ȴǶ׼ڡ
˼£ںһܹԼ
Щ˳˵Ŀ⳯Ÿߴȥոɱ˵ĹԺе˺
ⲻˣǸոմǵİΧȦȥȥû˿вԵŮ
ݵ֮Щٴλָѣ
վ룬ſ˵

ȥ
ѾöһҲǵڵʵݡ
ս֮Щεڲԭ߾ŷǵλս񣬸λٽߣʱΪȥ
ղŶδֵ֪Ŀ־壬Ҫڵ֮£˸ɢ
Ǵս˳ս׷Ұǣֻűڵɽȥ
ڿű⣬ԼŷеʱִҪѰ϶ɱЩȥ֮ǰȫô
еĹ£ڷ֮󣬾תЩڵĸߴĶʿ
ߴļʸƿնЩɽҵʿϳ񵲡
ʸȡǵϮҰȴŮųļʸŷӸߴ׼ش͸ǵ壬Ǵȥ
һˤ䣬ЩŵҰǾͻΧһ˺ҧǷҽС
˱Ϸɱŷٴ뼤ҵĲ
һΣŷҪѰ϶Χ˳֣ҲǵͻȻϮ
ڵɫȻӲ£Щ˺ҧĲҽʱлǻй¶һ˿
ŷԸеĹƱü٣¶Ҳˡ
һʱŷץסǹˣǰһ壬һļͷִǹвǹβٴζס
ı飬ŷһЦ˵ƣһ¸Ҫˡ
һԲ
η£Լǵ͹վŮ
ÿһΣԼƿصʱ򣬱ܻ⡣
ڿȥɽˣӦҲŻΪᡣ
ڱϵı֣ɣ˵ֻû뵽õ֮սǿһһɱˣ־Ȼᶶ
оʱҵıȴܿͻļ׼ɱҲôЩˣӲˡ
ŷ˵ⷬߣǰ쵽˼޵ıȴˡ
еļʸٴתһʿļ
ͣվڸߴڣѾ㹻ˣֻҪӦŷߣҿԲɱˣҲԸҪĶҿ£
·µʬʬӳڱже˫Ŀʹ
ֻڴǣɽôһսȥˣȵܷսǾͿ̿ˡѪڸࡣ
ֻҪŷҪΪĸ׺㱨𣬲һҪս
οŷѾȥһΣⲻ׹ոͲվ
ڵعΪǸӻ£֪Լĳ޸һѪлôѡ
Ļվ·̧ͷȴ¶˸ӵĿ⡣
Ц档
ŷ˵Ҫıʵϲ𣿡
ȻѾȷڱϣǰɱˣͻ±֮
ҪһϴŵĹƶñĸԸҲһ
Ǳص˼Ǵ·ĶʿѾ˰ɽ
ûжŷһ͵ߣɱ
˵һĳսپ
ڣȻڶҵı֮ǰűһ뿪
û˻롣
𹭼ָɱ·ЩƵʡ
ٴʸƿյһһ֡
Ͳļʸڲϼ٣ۿɼٶȼ˵ףȵʣ֧ʱڵͼҲֻʣˡ
·ʬ岻ĹбУˤȥȺҧɱǱһҪһؾͶ
鷢ûȥԼվɱ˶ˡ
õڶ֧ɱһˣȻԶ
һſΣķȥֻӰأ̳
ҵľˣ

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ҪȥĻ, ѾʮֽľӺܿҪִ, ʣµʱ䲻ˡ
⽫еļ˱ļͲ, Լղɽĵط, ץɽҸѸٵм䣬Ϊȿ»һΣ, ƶĥƣĴʹҲû⡣
»һ, ʡʱ䡣
ղǿŴɽܳĿһվ, ץס, վڴ˴, תͷս֮С
Թȥŷץסᷭ뿪, Ҫֹڣһ֧ע, ʣµġ
⽫ĿֻǣǵͬѾ, ⼸ֻǵֻǴɽи, ֮, ʣµ϶ҲЩ˿, ԭƤëҲ
Ҫŷ, ûа취, Ҫѡ
ڽе˶˴ɽ⴫̤֮࣬ڵϣ涼
˵ȻͬԼıܿܽŷɱڴˣϼҪЦ⣬ڴʱȴԴһڣǹɱΣĸоٴи֡
ƿȻҰ޵뿪ŷǰһ̣ЩԵͺҰһ赲ŷ֮䡣
ǹɨЩصǶɳȥȴηŷɳȥǿվ˻ǰ
뱩꣬ĿŷЩǷ˹ʱǰɽлٴγ
ŷɱɱڼƥ֮󣬷ӦѸ٣׵һץסͷŽһݡתͷɽڵķȥ
ڴ֪ʲôʱɽϷıվѪֻάĶոһġ
ڱʮɵһν·Ұɣһʱŷ־顣
ڿбըըʶֵ̧ǰֹסȥ·֮Уŷ˱ǰһקͰѾӳΧȦȴֻԼŮק
ݣ
㼲ɣϣδŷôͽеĹϿ˵ļͲȡˣȥȻϵˣɿϣҲ
սǰܣе˿ڱĥ£ʹ̲סƺһ
ˡŷ𣬱֣֮ˡ
⻹û˵˲˺ѵŷԼɾ˺ѱִȻɿظ˿ڲˡ
㶼Ѿܳȥˣ
е˲Ȼִ٣ǰ䣬ĵ˿ڶ°
˵ллȻսòĥµ˿ڣ˵˵ˣһ
ͬһƥŷĻһȡᱣ̫ãΨһɽȣִƽԭȻԽ룬ܹ
ǡ׶༪١
⾡Լȥ룬ŷ˵滹һƥ
ܵĵطܿҪִոɽбͷɱ׷ĵطˡ
ŷĻѾǰͣ·ԵսҲؿ·мʬ壬һлŵǱҧ˲ģһʬ׷룬Ȼǰ׷Ǹ֡
ͷĲͬ飬ʣµľֻǰŮˡ
ѧõһγ˱˵׼
Ĺ֣վڸߴɱЩʿʱ򣬻Խǵ֮ʱЩҰޣҪɱһˣѪϡл˵ⱲӶñȥԵ¡
ɱ˵ĲǰΪŶѹȥ˿һصٴβܿƵز
ĿһԼ֣ҪսָʹסŷȴӺ
ԾɴǸףԵֵǹԵֵסҩʴȴܵסϴ¶ȡ
ѱУס¡
ⱾӦøԼ£ӭ洵ļ֮Уȴʲô˵
ǻûգ׷ܿͻǲһܳɹӵ֮ڣûԷĵʱ򣬵ŷһסֹ֣ͣˡ
˵޹أɱõıҵģɱҪӦ٣ҲӦϡ
ĵҾɱһˡ˵ʣµĶùɱģôǵõͷϣ
ŷ˵ǾͼǵǶԼͷϡ
ƥԱߵսܹ֣ڿдһڣƥսظ
ŷʣʲôʱܸ˵ˣ
ղԼʱ򣬳˱һ֮⣬ʣµƥǰʱڣӦҲ˱ָӣʲôʱܹǽˣ
˵ҲᣬֻǸǺȪǾͻᶮ˵
һʱѧĶԣǾǺȪøЩܹԼĻ
ղܵλãѾԽ˱ոܹԶĵطɽۣͨת֮󣬾ͱֱͨƽԭһࡣ
ŷ˵ܳȥһξĹԿ籮פܵ籮˾Ͳ׷
ĻڱȼϣִԼֱ뿪֮ҲûٲΨһǣξܲ˳ܹȥ
˵ĶѾ˴ѾͬľӻϣֹƥҲѾͬǵͬһȫڵϣϾϢƤëѪȾ졣
ЩӱǸ߾ľת˲ʹӺ׷ڱŷ߾ʱҲɽг˳
ĺɫ٣ǰ汼ܵѾ˺ڰеļӰ
̧һֻ֣ɽȳͣڵ֡
װĹ̴ӶԽ˳ųǰţǰŶ£վֱһʮİѹ׼ǰ˵ս
ҲԱ߽ӹԼĹĹѰĹҪأҪøҲԶ
ʮֳǸڸһ䡱֮󽫹ȥ
󷽴ƿԭеһŷȴ˵û¡
˱⣬ٿǰܣԼճһϵ˫ͬɫޡ
˽ΪŷѧҪߵĻǸ߶֪꣬£ҲֻΪԼϹƵĸ֣˫֮ûбı
ֻнⱼ߾Ĳԭϣں󷽶ˣżıһޱĺɫУͷ·𻯳˽ɫߣǵļʸһ˦ɳȥ
ı˹ļʸϣûһ˵˸ս
ڽעֱϣԼĹ
һδɣٴηżһּ׷ȥʸ֮УѹҲҡ
ǼڹϵļǼȥǼ֮Уֱȡŷ

 258 
ĵڶʸƿ, Ѿһּʸ뷢ʱһš
ŷˮ©صеĹ, ûüմǷֺ
ƥҲ
ǵһƥΪи, ں, ɽеŵһƥɵǰ棬ȼϣһξܹȫӵĹȥ
ڶּһ, ŷеĳٴ߻裬Щʸȫɳȥ
ֻǵʮ֧һ©֮󣬺ִһҲƿ, ŷеɱ
еĽɫӸߴ, ׽֧ļʱ, г̼գǼʸȥ
֧ǳıķ, ֻǱӴӸߴôһʱɵ㹻ľ롣
ʸ֮ʱŷиܵǰּһ
ⲻͨļ
Ƕʮ֧һ𶼱Ȳ֧
߶, ˲ʹϹעڳϣעļʸ࿹ҲֻǴƫԭĹ켣, ͷбһǶȣȴûеͷ
, ۶ǰıǵսһʹ˻, Ȼ֮ͬǰɽų򹭼ֵƥһʧȥƽ, ź󷽵ȥ
Բ۾
ϵ˾Ϊǰȥ
ڱܹӦ֮ǰŷĳѾ֣һ˦ǰܵһƥߣ
һ˱⣬뿪
ⱻڿնû֮ŷҽһ̤ǰһƥ
˵սһ̤֮£ʹصصڵϣһƬ
⿴еĳһƥĲӣһȦ
һסŷϾٴһⱻסӵȥһ裬˳ٶҲһء
Ӹ񵲵ٵŷķӦν졣
ԣҲŬǰ֣ǰĳڸ֮±ЩģĿֱָսϵ
ԾĹУŷźһۣͣɽȳڵľ֮УѾֻмŹ
⾪һ֮ͣ٣ִϵڶ֧׼ŷļűĹâ
£ŷԥٴηż
ವһڶ֧ͬǰһ֧һ߷ɳȵһ֧죬ָķȻŷĺġ
˿̣űڿڰУ޴
ڵĵһֻҪɱҪľһ˲Ļᡣ
⼫ָ֣ڴ
Ϸϲɫ
һ̣ȵƥսϡ
ݣ
һƿסսʹߴǰܣͬʱеҲϵʱǰֲסȥƣŽԼ
ʱ򣬱ûϸڣֻս۶ǰ
ı߾Զˣ
ǰֻҪȥǾͳӳˡ
ŷϵĳ޷·һ˵Ѿ˽籮ڸԶѲߵľӣȻԼһŷû°ɣ
û¡ŷͬƽһ𣬴еʤȯյᡣ
˵ͷ糣ŷһѪıһɵļʸ͸ı׹ߴš
Ǽ֮ûдؿڳ״͸˵ǰı⣬ΪǵǹװסǸطô͸ŵļʸд
˴ӺӿѪԱ˵ܣжܶ죬ûͷ
⡰šһ
ں󷽶ϾЩϮΣգֻҪͣǰܾͿԡ
ŷžʹͷɽȵķȥҫ£ڶǰٴеĹ۾
Ǹֳһ˿Ц
ǰųһŷӰб֧ܿͻᴩţҲûа취ĳջһֻˡ
¹£ڵָڼϲָƣѪ
ŵѪζ˳ĶڼϣΪմѪҺίٵصڵϣֻЯľ綾ڼϡ
ڶŷǰһҲԼѪѪǶ
һǶѾʼɢҲ˲Ҳŷʧȥٰһ
ұ£ָһɣʸͬǻƳգǰտƽԭΨһܵһ˼ȥ
ŷһʹһٴ嵲סһ
ڼϵĶѸɢڼʸϵҲͬѪһһ֮䱬ķθ˲λ
ŷذؿϣѪȫֹסص½ϡ
£Ǽ⴩͸ĵط䦳ѪҲƬȾһƬ
΢΢ͷ⻹ʹսǰܣѾܳ˹̣Ҳܴ˸
̫󣬻ᾪı߾
һջǲϵĳޣϡ
Ȼһо͹źɫСӣƽǽС
ɽ֮⣬ڷ˹
עֱҲΪͶ΢΢
ʿǰӹĳϵĸʾǿҪ׷ȥ
ǰѾ˹ֻ̣ƾԶ̹ɱǡ
׷ȥǽ֮ǰ
Ļǰֳɽȵһ棬ִ׼ԼȴûзżһĻ
׷ˡ
ڵĿȻǰߵǱϲԼֻʸŷ
õ䦳ѪҲõЩɢ
ǰµϽɱŷ㹻ߵĴ۽ɱȻ˵ѶϣɣǶġ
Լ׷ɽȣȴܼŷǰ֣Ǿֻһ͡
Ǳö
һֱϣȻøôˡ
վǶҵĴ֮ⲻǻԵɺ֮µõԶ֮ǿԼɶʹù˽أ
ڿǽнԶӰΪȷԼ֮£ŷһθеǷĳ޿ʼɢ
֮ˣεǱ֮ˣֻܾȵûһΡ
ڶΣͲˡ
ϣŷϧУȻȡȪ¡
׹ռڣԭӦѸٸƣȴƬ̣ѪҺȼӵľ綾λľʹû˿
ϵĵѪٴηӿҲѹȥ
ŷ̧ס죬ѪȻ׵ָӿ
ѹ֣ѹڻͣԭز׷
ԭ֪Щûˡ

 259 
ŷ
˵һʼûвĻ, ˿, ƮɢѪζѾȫ޷ڡ
ο, ŷѪҺǺȵ
ôˣŷʵ, ˣ
Ҫͷ˵Σͣȷ, ȴתͷ֮ǰ׼ͣҪͷ
ֻ仰Ǻ
ѪҺƮѪ֮лһ
˲, һ˶
ŷͣ˿, ϢٴԼǰŮ
ȥһ, ֻ϶ѾմѪ
һ˿ź
ҧ, ĻûŵͣǼƬԭϳı߾ܡ
ûµġǰɵص, ûµ, Ȫ, ܵһ, ǳˡ
Ȱǳˣס, ȵ˵˰ȫĵط, 취Ҵõҩ
׹, û׷ٰѶߣǱҵһ㡣
룬û£ֻҪ׹صҲεúá
ŷȴЦ˵ҳˣûá
ļ֣صػڱ޷ϣϣͬʱҲŷԼ̡
ҡ촽ǰôûأ֮ǰ
ûһֱôõ˶˵Ҳ֮ǰһΡȿȡѾùеˡ
ġ
ϢΪѾԼˣŷûٷѾΡ
ۿȣ˲оͻ
ʲôʱǸոּʱԼΪ˵¼ʸԲű
ԼͷԿţعͷȥ˳ôˣͣԼ׹ռȥѰһпԾȵĶ
ģǶѾӳˣȥܿȥ
δͷ˵ŷֹ㲻ڽȥûõģ˵
ЩѪĭǺĿڱǣ˵ʱϣӵĶĸй֪
ŷǰһж˺ڰΧûһ˿â
Ͻ١
ڱϽļž֮ǰŮԼĶ߾֮󣬰ҵʬ£ܿ߾ߡ߾ĴׯҰźõˣҵǻĲǲ
ۿϳۡ
ǰһģ˵Զּ
ҵԺǣȥĻʶڳϯʷȥ
⣬㲻ͣ£Ҫһֱǰ
ϵģһֱǰҪͷ

ʼûͣ£ûлͷ
սԽ˲ԭı߾ĹõԶȼյ𣬿õƬûнٵء
ĿڵѾش££΢ҹгؿŮļһߵΡ
սŵͣ
ֹȥסŷϵ֣һ紵ϾֻŮĵͽɫĳޡ
פر߾ԶԶؿ˹ǵ̤ҹɫֻܹһƥҵսµվϿһٳԶɽȥҲûаӰ
߰ɡ鿴ʿǣסƥĪĶսԼͬ˵Ȱǣȥ
ҹ߾ҵƥ֮ɳһСڸ׵Ѳһ飬ûмǱ߾ˡ
ҷ⾳Щ꣬йʱ򣬲֪ôηһƥ
ѰСӳŻѣԼµʿĴѰĥţǺҲѲϣǸնѰҪȥǾͱǱ˭̸սȥ¡
ţſڵնӰɡ
ߵ´Ļɶ͸һĨ
ǳ轻ӣиʱ
߾սĵط³һϸӰ
ǺҹеһĨӰӣȷΧûڿЩٻشӴ˴뿪ˮĽӡܿ챻ݵա

ٴ֮ʱѾ˲ԴȺɽ
ϻմѪߵõײײ
ŷʬŶҵսı߾û
׹ռһεȵȴڻ
ľȲˡ
Ȼˮ˺ܾãŰϵ֧˰ʼΪݡ
Χİͬϴ뿪ʱһͬľ룬û¶ĵط
Ҫ޵ģ޲
ľؿǰˣΪϵѪ첹˿ڣ˷
ãǵҪҹɫ롣
ȵȺɽԡУҲֽŲõߵһɽ
⻽һУµһ죬ŮվɽϣַԵԶĴĴ̣еѵʲô»
̧֣ԼĶ󣬽׹ռ䣬Ȼִŷʬ
һҹϿǱŷȥȴúܺá
ϵ·Ѿ޲ˣ˿ڳݵϣֽǰƺʱҪٴθա
Ǳ֪ˡ
ǰסһֻ֣޳ָѾýӲǵ¶ȡ
һڣԼļɬ·нƬ໥Ħ
ָ˵͸еʲôϳ壬ֻüתͷȥһѪ˳ɫĲҶϡ
⿴Լ³Ѫζ
ٵغţƬ֮ƽתǰˡ
һ˲䣬Щȥٴδӻҽ︴ȼеϵʪ󣬸ееŭ𣬸еٴγŵĳޡ
˫֣ʼڵڿӣʪڸո³Ѫϡ
˵Ǽ鳼Ȣ޲Ϊ˲ˣ֪ǡ
ӲںôںֻдܣȴΪ˶ң
ŷûʧڶ֮ˣǳƽˡ֮ȴ֮
ҪҲܸһϮ
ûȴɽ
ɽҹǡ
ˣػĴܣûκ˿Լ̤

֮ʱŷԼĵע޹
ɱ֮ʱɽҹǡ

 260 
ܡ
˶, Ȼδѩߵķ仹ǸŴͷ, ȫѾ˺İӡ
ԺУССһ⡣
֭ڻϷ๾ɢζÿһСѾ߶̲סһ
, δŵϴżɫϲĶ̰, һСúҳԣһͬġ
׵, ǴӶรĶҡΣʮע⡣
붬֮, ϵҲԲһЩǽõ, ɫ൱ĺá
Цеͬ˵ţⶬ찡, ڼڼжڼԨǶǲһͷȥģǻڱׯϸʦѧţ
ԡԵεصͷ, ˵ȥԺ󣬾һֱû
, СŮׯȥӸʹųȥ֮ǰ, ҲѾһˡ
, ʱͶȥ, Ը⣬ֻ˵ͬʦùǲʱػдЩŻ˵˵ׯϷʲôȤ¡
͹ļͷ˵⼸ͷǳԵˣǶģһˣ¯żӼ͹ȥԵ⡣
һ֣Ǿͺá
һ˵ţһ̧ԼĶӡ
䣬İӺ񣬵Ҳס¡Ļȡ
⶯ټĹԣҲԻĶӣ˵¿ǵóԸˣ£ŶӵĸƵġ
ҲԼĶӴñǰ졣
˵ĸѾӣ̫ҽԺԺΪҰһ
ͷ̫ҽԺԺҽŵùġ
֮ǰ̥ȣһֱȵҪ£ͬ˵е¡
ͷĿ¡ĶϣԼĺѼɩӸпҰԸҪôӡ̥ŮȫҵԸˡ
һ˵ţһֱָ
̧ͷɷнµضԼ˵Ҿã⸣ǱҴġ
ӣڵ˱͵ġӶรִ֮ӡ
˵֣һ̥ķӦоȻûǰŮʱô
ڿǿʮˣбӦñʱҪ࣬ǾûָоǾԽ϶ǱԼĸˡ
ҲΪʲô̥һȣҪŮ
ջֱ֣壬Ҫ˵ʲô洫Ѿߵ
μ
뺮ϹŵѾ˺صģܹסͷĺ硣
ѾͷֻģģشҲ˸壬תͷ˵ˡ
һͷСѾ߾Ͱһһҵشˣȥ
˿ϴͬǻһĺɫɫļڣͷ߽һеĵ㾦֮ʡ
¶΢Цⳤϱġ
֮ȥμӸϯõĶĽ
ǽһȴûһڣͬʺã̲סĵĸоһһվס˴üͷԱתȥŻɫԵЩ԰ס
ôˣϱֻվʸߵѾߣôҲϸЩ
͸ԺúϢô밲ˣ
ٽٵһεģ
Ѿ߱ѵõͷȥ̹֮󣬷֣ׯЦĸף⵹ǣ·ϻúõء
˵ߵǰˣֿԱͬеؿԼϣĸ
ʵ·ϺúõģôھͲˣ
ҲˣŷƵؿڵߵԺеʱŵСƮζ֪ô;÷θ
˵ţһǺֶ½ĻȻԺͣŵζʱˡ
ֽǰ˵ܽġ
һ͵ͷ˫ӵҲȵá
ĻǰȥֻǰŵҲͬԼһĻ裬ֶһڣòֺڡ
һ˰뱭ǽθѹȥˣ˵Ҽǵþǰͦϲ𣿡
ϲ⣬ϲĻǴӴĮϴгɿ飬ڴϣȻϵϣֱ̿𿾡óǺóԣǳϻǳݣԵÿƣʱ
ôһ˵²豭Ҳͬ¶ЩƵɫ
˵ǰ˵ζӦϲòвǣ֪ôͷθˡû̫ϣ˵꿴˵̫ûˡ
ϵģϣ΢΢ǰ㣬ϸģ
ֻմɫѣȴûԵɫãǿЩֻɫŲ̫ãǽûʲôθڰɣ
ԡϵ棬Ҳûʲô˵ģθڲãҲ࣬ᡪ
Ż
û˵꣬Ͼ
ôͬһʱԼǰĲˬ̲סʧЦĸ׸ĸôô񣿡
ˣһ¶˾ϲЦݣ۾ϡ
ϲù˲˵Ͼ˵ҸĸײǶ鶼Ϥˡ
һ˵ţһָָ̧ԼĶӣ˼¶־ϲɫǶ˵ͷЦˣиˡ
ϵĻͷԼƽ̹ɵСָһ£ԭȥȴûж
޽Ѿһʱˣһֱûжлڼһǰʹȥʹ룬ûл
ȥ֮ǰͻϵġ
ĻӦѾһˡ
дڼľϲ֮УΪֻϵĲ²⣬ûдȷﻹЩûʧǿջϲһ
϶Ѿƶϲס˶ϱ֣ʱ¶ϲЦݣдģҪˣҪĸˡ
ԴȤôĸ
һͣŸջ̥ĽôһŮ
ˣתͷϣȤֻǿŴ󣬿·ȴԶˣⱦÿԸС档
ϻŵһ̥Ҫлڼǽб磬ȻҲճС塣
ԭȤԼϻҪһС塱֣߾͹˸䣬Ҳɿ
һָŶӣԱֵ˵ĸˣ߻ˡ˵ֿһǶˣ
һǡŶϱ֣һϵĶӣص㶼˵ǱĸˣⶨȻ³ɵġ
³ɡĸִġ
̲ס̧һֻ֣ҲͣԼδлȵСϣűȥׯ֮ǰԼ˵Ļ͵һ
ӦˣǱĸ
Ҫӣ˺ӡ
ֻϧڳʹ룬ĺϢܵһʱ֪
ǵһžۣ͸ˡ

΢ĹѾ֪ˣʣ豻ƭ
ƭǮĻձҵĵһѧһŮ˶ʮꡣ
ҹ佹ǣͣèè̾ҸŽǣʮŸ£
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ȡĸȱĽȡ
ԹԹг𱨳ж

 261 
Զ, һС
һ¥˵лڼ̧ΪԼһ衣
ʱ, ʮ졣
ܵͬĽܺá
Դܵʹûκƣлڼǿڹߡ
ֻҪʣ, ͻĴСѰЩ˼ķ, ȥԺ¼
Żʦѧϰ黭ȥ˱ׯרűչأֻΪӭӰ¥Ĵı
ĲľɽˮѾü, ӦҪѧϰ, лڼĻ˲پطĻᣬ׼ȥ
ֱ, ֵǵܾ, ҵÿգлڼʹԼ¼׫á
Ȼó, ȴó׫, ܽԾȻֽϡ
ʱĲ˵, ûĹ£лڼҲ, ȴǸõ, ׼ȥӿ
ϲ, ϲܲͬòֻϧǰ鸮סһרųʹ룬ܴҾ죬лڼҲֻܽż¼ɲᣬȥһ۸
˵ͷñЩͼǾø
в֪ԼҪΪ׵ţ¥ٴλϣ΢΢¶һЦݡ
Ƭ֮˵յĹ½òʡ
˸лڼҲͳǮϣʹ¥ߵλ뿪
ȷʵܺã֮£ԼͬʱʹҵܾͲ֪Ρ
лڼһţһߴӲſڻ˳
Ҹ붼Ѿյĺգֻ룬ȻõԶոõ⡣£ŴӶҴϢ
Ӧۼݱ»ʵǻ
µףõľȻңǴܵʹҲﲻߡ
ţֽϣڸʾǰйٱģҫۻʰ񣬶Χվ·š
ƽͣڻʳ֮УҲǰҵʾʲô
ô˾ĳ棬лڼһμ
˺棬ҲƲǸ˹ȥ
ǰվȺ֮⣬ȴߣƾõ˻ʰд֡
ʰƵ׺֣ۡ
лڼϢƽ֮ǰĵ¡۶񼲸̫ҽѾ޲ߣʰϣҽʿܹǰҰ
κƽԸ⸶κδۡ
лڼ˻ʰϵ֮˼ƽĲĵΣʱ̣Ҳʰ񣬽λ۵֮¡
ҲǾ۵˼
µ۴ӵǻѾ࣬ҲƽȹɣʰҲֳĲܹκãֵܹܶϣ
һ㿴¡۶ԾƵжϺ͹ϸʤӦۡ
лڼţȥ۲ΧЩյķӦ
ǲʶֵģǲʶֵģдݸˡ
˵үôõˣӣʲô񼲣һǻκõġ
ǰүլʺһȥҪӡ
죬ͻȥ
վǰȻҽҲʰд֣˵ǲ֪ʲô£ȴ̾ҪҴһȥΪƽ֤ƽڵλϵʱ򣬺εȵĵġ
һΪ˽ɽ𢣬ȴܹɴλлڼʣԼ״֮£Ȼɴࡣ
ٴǽĻʰ񣬵ϣܹҽƽ

һŻʰɻʳͳȥڸжˣ˲ٶԼҽмġҲҪΪƽĲһĴҰ
ڸʾԱ߶бʿţһ˽Ұ񣬾ͻ̱뵽ϣȻӱ޸ʶֱȥƽ
ƽѾڲϣѵʱ١
еһжƽ֡
ƽΪһ֮ĸڶԴЩԶǧΪĲһԵҽʿʱǳ֮ʲôµİ취޲ߣûжǱʾ֡
ֹ˼գƽصϢѾӻʶ˴߾ĳƫƧСϣǰҲһš
Ĭվ£ȴһŻʰ񣬸ڻʶƽ´ȥһϣ
СȻλı߾ס˿ڼ٣ǹͣȴ٣רŴӸĳ
ȫϵҽһҽΪĴ
ԭҽκ֢⼸֮䣬ҽо
ǰиԵҽɴ򿴹ƶʳ˾綾ĹӾȲĺӣڱ͵Ժ󶼾Ȼˡ
λϿʮҽݵһʱ䶼˻һĴڡ
ԼⲼĻʰƽزټҽȥεʱǶڲ²ɻ᲻ʳȥϷ˵Ȼƽ£Ӵ˱ڹеҽ
ֻǵһգڴĻҲûз
ҽλһֱȵյյͷбϾֻһʱ뿪ˡ
뿪أǸϳȴߵҩͯ
ҩͯڸϳȴҽУ˲ɵЩ棬ŵľ˭
ϧϵ̫ˣԱߴķƲҲûлüŵˣֻܿ뿪С򣬳Żʳǵķȥ
ֹ˼գлڼٴĲݣȻѡ˶¥ٴλá
˼¥£ǽ˴ߣ۾ͷ
λãÿԿǸʿŵĲ
ʰȥ֮ʳͼΪƽҽζ񼲵ĴѾ˺üʳҽʿѾȥԹһ֣Żʰȥһֱûͼȥҡ
лڼŴƽϢ˹ȥ޹ƽ״Ҳ⼸֮мתֱ¡
ճҲ뿴᲻Żʰ
СĶ
λѾǲݵĳˣСлڼʱʹ֮˵
µӵĶлڼջĿ⿴С̶Ц˵ʢݣǶ͵ġ
лڼǶһӣҲûܾͶԵСǾллǶҡ
ϡСӦһã˳ſķ򿴹ȥ˵ڵûһʰɣ˵ʵڵģҲڵȡ
С˵ţȻָͣǸˡ
ĻҪȲлڼתͷǸ˹ȥͼһ糾͵ڲǰͣ
أǴӼԶĵطһ·˹ϸųҲƣ
ͣڲǰ˵Ŀ⣬վڻʰ֮µʿҲϵ˴ӳԯ£ض˵
ţӱ㱻ƿһź´ɴĸŮӴ
¶ɴ֮ļףһ˫۾ڳģ̶ͬ
ʿע£ǰվڻʰ֮£Ƭ̣ȻĿ֮£һֻ׵ҫ۵֣Żʰ

ȥ·ŷʱ򣬽־Ͷˡ
Ҷȶֵġ

 262 
յķ͸ҽʿ޹, ʱٳڻʳҽƽˣ˵Ŀлڼ, ע⵽ͣڲǰҲͣʰĺŮӣǺηʥ
˰֮ͬ䣬ǺŮӱɴͷ, 漴, һһԵƽķɳ۶ȥ
, ΪһĻ˷һ
, ǵСվлڼԱûȥ
ҩͯϣƵسһȥȻҪȥпջͶޣֻȻصŮһǴģʰ;ĳ, ôͷȽ˰, ƫҪʶ, ڴҵǰң
оСֻлڼջĿ⳯˹
˿ԼСԼⷬҲλ˵Ĺ, Ǳ㳯λʱǲݶ¥ĹЦ, ҿ, ŮҪôǶԼҽ, Ҫôǹ
ҪҽӦѾк֪֣ܶͱʶΪƽҽβǣôǺߡ
û뵽лڼȴĻɴʲô±ϳ𣿡
С
лҭ˵ıһһлڼҲ
Сⱻҭסı飬ЦһƵص׳ɲɣȥ˲֪ˣ
ƽ
һƬƲҵУеʱС
ǰƽŷ֣洫۾Ϊð峺
үˣʵЩʲô
ڴϵ˱۾ȼСҡҡͷȻ˫˵Ŀ̫ҽǣ
ǡƽ˵½̫ҽԺǲˡ
ӭǺ֮֡ȴû̫棬ΪܵԼô
ֱ۾Ҫ˯ȥֻ˵үϢһɣյҩûаãȳȥ
һʼ˵Ļӭˣǵȵ棬ֱק˻֮С
ٴλ˯ַŻ˱ǺúõҴҴŴӴƿӴ˳
Ϊͨ磬ŸĴǴ򿪵ģס
ԭ̫ҽǾۼＸգҪζҩʱ󣬿ǽղ֪ΪΣȴļ
ƽţ֮߳ͷ˼ԭ
ǰȥɣﲻæ
ǰŮһҩ䣬Ҳᳬʮ꣬ζҽ
үΣʱܲǵˡ
߰ɹĪҪΪѡ
һȺ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ봩Źٷ˰ӭᵽ¸ص̫ҽλ곤̫ҽû˵֮⣬ʣµ껹꣬ڶһܼŽĺŮ˵뿪Ļ
ҽβүĲѾ̫ҽԺ޹⣬˻ʰҽүǰǰˣһǰͰˮε죬ŵؽֻͷسȥ
Ұ֮ģʲô᪻Ƹ֣ԸͨĲ֢ǿԣҪҽүϵĶ񼲣̫ҽԺҩͯ硣
˵֮ǰЩҽһͷҲһѣžзḻĴǰ޿ˡ
ᣬǸŮӣ˻ʰͱΪʲôĪֶΣλͺ
⡢⡭
ĹܼôһȺ̫ҽԺĴˣͷϵĺҪˡ
վȴǴͷβû˵ҲûҪȥ˼
վһɽеī
ζζĵʾӭҽүʾɣֻɽڡ
ƽվűߣԭί֮ĿлŻʰŮϣȶݲ˺øУȻŴ˳λˡ
һ֣ոջһҪⱻܼŽĹʹȥ̫ҽǶתͬ
μ
ǰ빪˿̶ʶԼҪ¹˳ȥ̫ˣү
λ񡣡
ƽǰִƺ󹬣ĸµĴдĹΪƽʱΣݿЩ㲣пǸھ¡ߵŮӡ
ĿƿվԱߵĺ¹ҲͷԼһ
Ǵ̬ͨҰҽߡ
һ˫ɴϷԼ
֣ƽֻе΢΢һһ˫۾·ҹֵĺ棬˴ͬҲ˿͸
ע˻ʰĺŮϣΪĳֶеð̫ҽǶһ
ˣֹ֮лˡ
ȽӼҲǰնЩһȥү
ҽβãҲԹ
ǲ޵ŵʱƽѾ̨¡ɴŮǰ˻ʰ񣬿ǶҼүĲһԵİգ
ӸŹܼҽ֮ƾȺ̫ҽνȥɣҲû˵һ仰Ůڿˡ
Ϊһ֮¾ҡҷ֮С
κүĲֻһΣ˼ٸ´ξͲˡ

δ⻰лعڵ̫ҽо˷һ
ͷ׵̫ҽŭݵ˳ǰⲻ֪ߵغֻƽҰĵطŮӵҽжϲ˵Ĳ飬Ҫͨķûпү˵ΣǺôĿ
˵ĻҲ̫ҽ
һʱ䣬ڷ׷ָ֪ӺδȫҽߵĺŮ
κãϷԸͷ㵱ߣ
ҪǲģϷŪҵȡϷŪҽүʱ䣬ҵȶŹ㣡
ֹǼ⣬֪ԼֹҲΪЩˣнİ취
ֱӵİ취κƽ
жĵЩԼð϶ʶн˻ʰŮֻǻȡ̫ҽȴȫȻû롣
ǰͬղҪ뿪ʱһֻվһԲ·ǵĻɶ߷磬ͷӻ
Ŀĺɫɴϣָ̧ҽ߹䣬ģʵϣΪүﻹҪ
Ļ£ǰеָɶȫӵĺŮ˷Ӧ
һ̧˫ֵоͷ·˹⣬˶Ǵӻлתһ
ָ̫ҽǰŮָ̧֣һժɴ
ʱ·һֹ̾ˣһжû
źɫɴϻ䣬һǵչ¶ǰ
еʧˣ˵ĿֻͣϣΪɴӳ֮µնе
ժɴʾ˵ٴοڵŮ֮ʳ·;ңԶ鷳ڵ˵طҲˡ
ƽ
Ӧ̽ȥҽˣ׿֮ŮӾ̨ףƹԳȥ

ɶ񣡾һֱ
-
Σⲻҵľ籾

 263 
һ߽, ŵڿ΢ҩ㡣
̫ҽŴͨŷ, ĿȻ˾ЩȻ
ĨϸӰǰȥ
ܺã׽õǸȽĺ
ԽȥˣЩ̫ҽԸ⡣
ǿ, ӦԼһȥţա
ǵ, ԰ꡣ
̫ҽǾٲʣ, Ҳֻּ⡣
νԼ¹ҲͽЩ󣬾ԳΨһĺڵķȥ
Ļǰ͸ɴ˺ԼӰӡ
ͷĴһ, Ǿǻʰд񼲵, ƽ¡
ĻվƬ̡
ƽĲҪ˵, һʱ, òҽֱ˵İš
֮˼֡
ȥǵȵƽ֣֮, ȥ˸ڴϵ֮һ, ؿԵС
ϸ߰˲ľ, ؿƽڴϵ˵Ĳ
ֻһ˲䣬ûɴסյĺŮӽŲ͵ضסÿɴָ鶯һ£סеϡ
ƽ˽
̫ҽѾãԸ⾲Ƚ
߽ȴͷζ鲻Ĺվɴǰ˼ĳ
۾ˣǼʲôŵ£Ͱ׵ڴ˿ԵԽˣϵѪɫԵȥ˼֡
ӦһʼΪԼķʲô£ȵŵǰվ߳濴ȥڴϵȻԼ뿪ʱһȵر۾ؿڻŰ
Ȼүû£¹ķӦͲΪĲˡ
˻ʰƽȴδ֪˸γƺֻվԱߣʵôˣ
ڿƽò˲ȻľܵĺŮŻع
Ϊգһ۾Ҫֱ˾ȡסϢѳƬ֮˵û¡
£ͼֻţȥ
˷˵ĻϢĽӽƺڴڻ˯еӦ
ǰֻӭüë΢΢漴۾
ү
¹￴ƽӭǰȥŶеڴϵ˿вʡ
ոմ뿪ӭٱ۾ڲ˯Ƭ̾ƽЩǲǸе
ǰӭȴʵˣ
仰̲ס¶һ΢΢Цݡ
˵ϢУܸо΢ı仯ǱǰͻȻҪöˡ
Ҳصǰ
˵ÿ壬˻ʰ븮ˡ
ӭתĿ⿴
֪ܹеˣ޷ǶǶԼżְյˣֻǰҽߣͣ˵òе⡣
ƽʱȻôԡ
ֻڲУλĵѾû㹻ľȥʱԼʵӦ
ȴ֣ǰʱԼ
عԺֹƬ̣ҽ߲ǴְԼϳ˵״̬ȷԼʶˡ
Ѫɫ»صϣ˫ĲҲƽ
үӭԼһ񣬶Լ˵ΪүĲҿү
Ļƽ˵ʲôʱԿʼΪүΣ
Ůӿ˵ϾͿԡ
ǡ
Ļ΢΢һ˵ʲôȴ˵ҽүʱҪȥ취ֻܾүһΡ
˵ţԼ˵İӭ
үⲡҲҽҲٵȼܵȵתǷǵӡ벻ԣҪү
ӭĶŵһЦʱ˻ʰվ˵Ӧķһԡûµģȳȥɡ
Ȼѡڹؼʱֵ̳ĹƽȻҲĻ
ڶһԵǷ޽ĺ¹˵үͰˡ֮תÿɴ뿪
ߵűߣӭЩص̫ҽǵʱת򿪵¹ˣߺ档
ĹʣڴϵĲ˺ڴߣܹҩҽߡ
ӭ߽Լͣڴ齱ߣӻȡСƿ
ƿûκαǣʽͨ洦ɼ
οһƿӵƿеһѪĹӣʱ򣬰ӭһƿ΢΢ζˮ
⴩һϮµĹｫһװˮƿӶݵǰ˵ҷҽߣֻһζҩҩֻһΡ
˵ֻһΡ⼸ֵʱ˵øҧָأ·ʹĴۡ
ӭء
񼲲ܹ꣬ȫѵĻᣬֻһΣҲڽܡ
ٸʲôʧȥأ
ˣ˵һáֱۼѵ֧ŲӴϳнӹöӸһСƿȪˮ
׼ͷʱ洫һֵ
ڴϵȴûͣ¶ֱӽУȻεƿеȪ̷ȥ
û潥վڴߵֻǿŷȪİӭڷ֮󣬲ѵҡҡͷ۾ڿԼҪʲô֮ǰָѾǴƿŵϵ䡣
ΪŶԵû谵ЩķԤƿû
ػмʱһֻϸֽס
ջСƿ򵹻شϵˣ۾
µȪˮѾʼ﷢á
վԭأֿڴϵƬ̧̣֣½ɴϣתȥ
Ķµڻʳн˻ʰ񣬽ƽΪƽҽΣ³֮Ҵҵظˡ
Щ̫ҽڼ֮һĹǡ
ǲȰס֪ʲô˼ĺŮӳǶŹүı£ȴʹ
£ǸŮӸͲҽߣֻᵢүĲ飡
»ǿͷ΢ȥ취ҽү
¡
ַϣµ۵洫Ⱥͷۣȴܶǹֿ̫ҽ˵ˣͣһЩ
վźָ΢΢س鶯һ¡
⣬ͬŵƽһģһȴȻͬĵͣ˻֮󣬲ſվһԵƽ
ʵɩ澿ôˣ
ǽ˻ʰ˽ȥΪΣɩȻûͬЩ⡣
Ȼڻش֮ǰȽյž֨͡ѽһٴδˡ
ĵվ̨£ŵķȥǸͷΪֳε˳
ź£ϴɴֻ¶һ˫۾
˵ڰһϣĵͶԭء
߳ԼǰüţԼһ񣺡μ¡

 264 
ƽ
ĵع, ĿԾͣϣʵ, ǽս˻ʰġ
ǵģ¡˵˵꿴˴ĺ¹żֽŵʵ, үΣ
ڳԺ˶̶һ˲ջĿ⡢ûٿ˵ĺ¹ɴ˵ˣүûˡ
ߣ
ΪƬ̵̫ҽ˷ߣӽȥƬʱܽүκ, Ϸţ
ǰЩҽȻҲͬһ, ڽȥү֮뻹֪ԼмＸʱ˵һԼΪ
ֻźµŮ, ˿ڳ, ⶨȻ±¸׷ΣԲ˵ͼŪ¸, ûȡĻᡣ
뷨Ȼû˵Ѿװ׵дšŮ֡
ֻŮȴҲ, ֻ˵Ҫȥүȥˡүҩ֮, աջѹ, мз֢֮״Ҳ, صġ
ôҽʿǵһ˴ʱԼ˵ĻƽֻеǰϣĹâһ˵ĻһͷѾȲҪȥŷȴ
ױƭ̫ҽǸӵֲۣܶ˵ֻϣǵıϣϣܹŮ
û뵽ҲͰˣǵıҲǶŮӺ޷֮ġ
תȥʱĹܼӭǰǼаүĺ¹˵λеסѾΪźˡ
Ůһȴҡҡͷ˵л⣬סߣҾסڳǶĿջʲôʱҡ
˵ٴο£һȻ̨ףԺ뿪Ǳ¾ȻͷβûҪȥ˼
ſŮӰʧ⣬̫ҽǶˣ׷׾ҪܣΧŻվԭءĿ⿴Ůȥı˵£ŲãסߵĽҪӸ뿪ҪŻܣ
°үĲˣǡ
һ󡰱¡¡ʹ֮УջĿ⣬Щ·𱻼ð˵̫ҽ˵֪ʵҲŲѾȥ˶ˣġ
ô˵̫ҽǵɫʱͱúÿ
ȻǵıӢģֻǲɫⲻ֪ŮӹǽЩʲô
˵ҲȲû̫ҽԺˣүһүĲʲô仯ǲŵùˡ
ǣһϯ̫ҽǵĳױˣϷ׷¶ı߾ܣҽү
ᰵ˵ͷٿһۣԺиֳ˷ȥĸӰ
ǶջڲǰŮӷֱ𡢰һõ˳Ƕջ·ҩͯѾڿջĺԺιҲһ飬¥Ͽõķ˴һ߿ϵӣһͷƽͻ
ǵ˰죬ȴûеȵڵȵԼ߻ġ
һ⻹վ˵Ĺ룬һڰ֮ҲȻεĹ»ꡣ
ڿӵҩͯһӴվ͸򿪵Ĵ·ˣûסһл㡱ںŮӿʱ˻֡
ҩͯʲô£Լ濴Ժ˿Ű˷״̬ŷȥ˷ţ¥
ڶ¥ٽֵķƬ̣ŵȵǸӰűߣҩͯӭȥţȻתֽл㡱
Ͷ·ǶĿջţһ䷿Ŵ
ԭҩͯҲǸСͬл㡱ĺŮӴɴһΪ·㣬Բ硣
ôȵŮһڷȲʵƽû˰ɣ
ûˡŮӦţٴ֣ϵɴժ
ŮԿѾǵһοɴݣ̲סпͬˣôлľôÿأ
һţһԼȻ˵Щӣȥϴԡ
˵ţԵ˻ӦͰӷȥոѾѲ߹һĵطȥϴˮˡ
ڷе˿ȥűٹϣϢֽ̧Լ֮䣬ָ΢΢ز
⻻һװ硢׻һӱ߾Сʳǣ»ʰȥҽƽĲǱˣǱ⡣
ɽŷ֮󣬱ٴУĴׯȥ
ҪΪԼҲΪŷ
׹Ѿ¶ˣòҪ׵ȥԼ£Ǽ谭
һɽɽķ紵Լϵʱ򣬱Ѿ¶ġ
ϱڵõ׹֮Ȫһȫɱһˡ
Ȼû׹һԼԲҪͬһˣȥ׹ҲıԼϾŸĸƵײڣһԼļˡ
ǱҪĻ
ȺɽΧĴׯͣ˽Ų̧һԼĶ󣬽׹ռȵ֮ٴѾȫһˡ
ԭ˵ڴѾúˣŴׯϪǰʱԼĵӰֻþԼĵҲϲ
ԼеİһЩαװȻŽ˴
ڴͷ·ʱͿ˸ŷԼһģһĻƣȻͨӡǣҵ߾Ĳ
ׯܵ١ڱǰǼҩˣ϶иöһı־ĻֻΪͨĴ񣬶ǲɵҩСϣҽݲŷݵ㡣
ܵĹϵһֱݵƽҲĲҩ˸һС
ǰʱЩܼԺ˿ƵĿ⣬ñѾ֪ˣ֪ŷˡ
ûа취˵ʲôҲܸһܸŷıϣǶֳƵЩȴΪµ˵ʵܱҪʲôǶ߾ȫﵽ
ŷŴоԵҳϣ˶ҲоԵҳϣŷñ롣
ԭ취һʶʰһûٵ飬̱ˡ

 265 
Ǵӱ߾뿪, ʶ»ʰ, ˴ƽȥ, һжԤһ㷢չ
ֻǵĻ, 崲˵ģʱȴеԼ·׽Ū
Űڲϣݽߡ
һĻ˲ŷǰȥĻصһ, ҪΪӵ׹䡣
κһ׹ӵ޾Ŀռ֮԰ٶ֡ٲȫػ£صȴһһֻ, ƾе׹Ҳ޷ȡ
һ̣벻ҪΪΰ᰻صͳү, ƽʱ, Ҳվĵ, ع
©ڴϵ˲ǰᰡ
ʱ䣬ص벻, ƽѾꡣ
ʶһ㣬ⶳָ
᰻ص֮дǷ, дĻָǰһֳ, ֳء
˵ֳ, Ӧľ¡, ƽӭˡ
˫Ϊ, Եֵܱ, Żһһ
һɽҰȥģˡ
ʱ꣬ǵ˾Ѿı仯
⾡ʹԼ򶨣û¶˴齱ߡ
֮λԼӵһУ˸·
ֿˣȵӭ۾֮󣬱͸ȷⲻǰᰡ
һģһʣ֤ͬˡ
֮飬һʼƻһˡ
һȪκϵĶ񼲣ҵһŵɼƻĵһ
ᰡ
ڷе˷֣Ӱʧԡ
ȵٳֵʱ򣬱ѾһţȻϳԼдġ
ȡż㣬ٴչĿּ
ϵּϤģǷŴƽסİᰣȴѾǲͬˡ
еֽǰ
ûϳԼԺҲϡ
ȡ˻ӣϵ͵ƣȻ·Żŷյϰˣؿȼա
ʱҲ˽ŲոȥŮֻˡ
һֶϴõˮһţһŵսζʵл㣬ʲô
ûʲôϨ͵ƣǰ˵Ժֱӽҽ㣬Ҫˡ
ãŮԼ׽۾һ㣡
⿴߹˸ϴɾԼ㣬ʲô
ֽӹմˮ棬⿪ڵȡסǶĿջĵȴˡ
ʱת۾͹ȥա
϶»ʰĺŮƭ˵̫ҽžž졣
ƽգүͷһȣںڵʡ
ȵڶ̫ʱڴϵ˾˯һ֮۾ɫͬһ㿵
һ֮һ˴Ӵý̫ҽо֮ʣҲŮʲô֮ҩүڵǱܣԻȡ
ǰӭԼ֪Լ
̫ҽĻͬԵЩǵˣҴδɹ
ڷ̫ҽ֮䣬ȻĻ
Ǿͺáƽ˵ţ̲סһȴЦݣλЩ֣үЩҲô
̫ҽǼ״Щ˵棬ǼҪ۲һգ¶ۡ
ӭƶԼѾȫЩִűʾȥˡ
ٺڵľȴǰƽͣǰӣλںδ
ڴߣλûס£˵ǲڡ
˵ţ¶һЦݣʿЩġھסڳǶĿջүʱ
ӭͷ̫ҽǻ˵Ƭ֮ջĿ⣬Լӣ˵̫ҽԺٹ۲һգǶȥλɣȥ
ȥӭԵóǵ֣ء
ͷԵˡ
̫ҽǵй۲Уʱֹȥһա
۰ӭʳ̫ҽǲòϣүȷʵȫûˣǷ׷Ҫعֵأٱﵱ
ӭǵ˼ֻúЦȴ
ڹѻûгռ̫ҽǻعǵĻ㱨ȴ̾ͻ˳ǰƽ
һ᰾ֱֳǰסԺӣǵȴҴȥ֮ȴԺֻɨӵŸˣڳͨ磬ץ˸ʣүأ
ݡ¡ɨصС⧲ץסһ⻰ǻʵ۱£ʱŵ˵ү
£ں׷һ·ܹ׷˰ڰ᰿Լʱصߵ̫ˡūһ·׷ϡ
λܹܴǰǰӭĸܹܣӭλҲ뿪˴ڣ˱ȴܹܹܡ
ȴֱ˻Сȥ
ʵأ
ܹܵرµĻүѾˡãүͬںͤģūȥ
ȥ
Ļⶼںͤˣֳ忴Ĵˡ
ܹߣں棬ɵȼͤŵӰ֮󣬰᰾Խǰ·ܹܣ첽Ǳ˹ȥ
ܹں濴ôϣɴͷˣλԼ˹ȥ
үѱһɽ𢽻ֵܶȻһͷ룬ɵһĸͬѪŨˮ˱Ȳϵġ
Ǳֵᣬ»ϲؽ֡ĵүҲ̧ͷЦػʵܡֻܹԼⱲӼõķ羰Ҳˡ
վҪͬ
ûڣ᰾һ֣˵ɩض񡣡Ȼʯǰ˰ӭ֣
ɽѧգ˵ֻϰ䣬ҲЩҽ飬
Ȼָһȥ̸оֳȽ϶ʱųâϲص̫ˣ֣
ӭº͵ؿŰܣվʹˣֻ̫ҽǻǣû̸㡣
ᰵǲʲôʱԼֻҪȷֳû⣬Ͱġ
κֳˣתͷʵɩҽεҽںδ
¶ԷŮӣ̫ҽԺ̫ҽֿߣΪȷֵĲٸûְ̫ҽԺУʱΪΡ
ƽ뷨λڳǶĿջһδȥ
һˣޱȥ
ɵߵܹȥӭľ
ͤһ֣ǸһĴܹܾ˵ūȥ롣
᰽סУѾȬҲȥ
ֳǸ񰮴ĺûʵۣĲҲǣŰյģȬˣȻҲҪ֪
ұܵʹͣҲĳһʱ䣬ŰӭĲ鷴ǲУ֪ˣҪ뿪ҲѰʱտԼᡣ
ǡһ䲼ܹܶȥ
᰻ڿȥķƽȴǶһۡ
Ȱ᰽Ŀջ֮ٴοڵҪλ͵ĻǿԣڹУԺרΪүβȴǲء
ΪΣᰲԣԸ⣿
λ᲻ܾʵֻ֪Ϊү֮ǰ˵ֻܾүһΣ֮үĲб仯ȴǲȥѰˡ

һʱ䲡һˣָո

 266 
˵Ļ, ӭе⡣
һ־κԼϵĹּ, ӦеҩĽ
˵ܾȱܾ, ܾȱǲܾȡ
˼, ӭڵȻѾγٸļҲӦòˣµ, Ӧ˳˳ػȥλǲڻʳУҲıʲô˶٣ֵֻ˼κ, ͶҪʰдκҪ󡣡
ȻصȻ
仰дȥ˶ֵ׼
ˣӭҲûбĻҪ˵ˡ
΢, ٴ˺е, ׼ͬӼղűϵ֡
ֻеӻδ£ֵ֣ȻѾˣǲӦýλûȥ
ԾվԶԶֿܹһͤ˶ľ, ջĿ⡣
Ȼˣǵʱ, õ⡣
̫ˡ
ͤ, ᰵĻ, ͼֳе˺С
ӭ̧ۿһ䣺ôλ㲻ɣ
Ц̧ڴ
ڰ᰻֮ǰλ˭ңҿǸš
Ψ˫ı۰ϻλҲѸٳɳõ˳ϿɣȴʱʱҪǸɵҰ
ʵ룬Ҳûа취Ͼųġ
ɽϣֻ书ȴɵӣΪ˱Ѫ£붯
ԣ᰻ص룬ΣĲҲռסλá
ȵԺ󣬾ͰĻλ
δԼĶ
Լĸĵ
ֳ۵˿ֳͬûʲô
ӭԼӣصȥСĸ׼ôˡ
á֪лҪ˵үͬţȥһ
һ뿪ͤھֻʣֵܶˡ
ӭ̾һ԰˵֮һ֮Уܡҡ˵ĸ棬һ
ڱô֪꣬Щ
Ȼص֮ԼУ͸ֱӡ
ֳԼ֣ᰣûǾҾðҽһȷ¡ҵĲˣ˭Ҳ֪᲻ḴҸɩϥ¿飬Ҳʺٻصλϡ
硪Ļ̲סס󣬡ɩӻкӵġ
Ҳɡӭ΢΢һЦʵҲԼûкӣҪһɽȹ̣ǼΪҪġȻѾ˻λǾúõȥɡ
ĵ̧֣˵ܵܵļϣһðհҵĶĹǲͷġ˵㲻ʵۣ˲ϲʲôԭ򣿡
ûС
ֳʱԺиֳһӰᰱϻҡҡͷ
ڱܣҲһȥ
Ͼ˭Ҳ뵽ͳΪµۡ
ǻ£Ѿвٴᵽѡ㡢ʵ󹬵£Ҳǰѻλֳԭ
ᰶԼ⼸̫뵽ˡ
ǰڰӭԺǸΪεĺŮӣŻЩĴ
ôأ
˵ⲻܳ˵֪յŮӣʡͻͣⲻһ
صԺ۾̲ס˼ΪʲôԼΪλ⣬ȻӦǶԷϢԵʡ
ŮӸһϴһ׽ϢҲСǸûз
ֻϧɴûм
ЩǸˣʾмԷһ˵˻ڳǶջȥ롣
Ҳˣܹܲ뿪ûжãѧʿƽ
ͤŵĵֵܶˣֱ˽һ񣺡μ£ү
ƽ
ʵѧʿôˣ
ѧʿֱǰΪֵܶˣʹ
²ջ¾Ķʱ϶ʲô
Ҵѧʿһᶫңǰӱ߾һϢҵսĪܹ˾ȴûˡ
˼վԾԭλֳ˵֣Ȼع
ӭ˵ͷܵܶԴѧʿ˵ߡ˾ʹͤ뿪ȵƽŮ˸ʱͤоֻʣ·һˡ
һ˽ƿϸ㣬һʣأ
عȥˡӭ˵ʹ
¶˼ɫʱĪȥ񣿡
ϾѾŶ꣬µ۵ǻһƷѾֱÿչʾǵ
˭֪أ
ӭ̧֣ǰôãҲʱжˡ
⾿ƻѰͬˣҪȹϢˡ
䣬˰ᰳȥֳܹܾˣ롣
һأߵһϸӰ
ɴź£ɴ
ȻǴܹܸմӳǶջűѾ˹Ͱ˽ܹܡ
ڶƽҪƽһЩ
ڳǶջղŵˣʱͬԤƵĲࡣ
ܹͤƽͤУԭͤеŮ׷˳ȥ
ȿӭɫϢȽͬ죬ȫǰһʱ徵Ĳˡ
߽ͤУʯǰվȳһȻſڵϲү
ϲӭѶ񼲣ָӭҲ¶Цݣǹҩʯ顣
˵һ̧֣ʾⱦʯǰ£ǰ뿪ǰĵط
ûо
үľˣȴʲô֪
ҳݡ˵ɼԼƺһҪ֪Լգ˵Ů塣
塱ĸϡ
ⲻܱ¶ݣҪȡĵһϱǡ塱

գ±ԳƺˣӭڵҪԹл⣬ղűҲġ
˵仰Ϳ۽һ¡
ӭûģ˵ֻæûеȵȻȥˡ
תûеǻȥˣӦͬųƽǳŻʹȥĶʹйء
ô룬ȻҪж뽻ˡ
ȷһ֮󣬱ɴ󿪿ڵʵգŮѾҼһ档¹үүֵŮҲ
˵֮ʱԾûժɴ̲ס˵ҶѾҲûˣժɴһǸгĸ㡣
ûоܾ˳ӵժɴٴνչ¶ǰ
ܰӭڲϾѾǴʱٿԽλصòɷ
ȵⳢǰĸ㣬Ʒ˲裬ӭ˵ҽαʱʰϾд˭κñ붼һŵ֪кԸ
ҲȴűĻشȴƽصŮûʲôҪġ

屦⣺ǮҲȱҲȱ
ӭȱģҵܵܿԸ㡣

 267 
ʲôҲȱ, ǰ˵仰ʵ֮٣˶, ȫⱨ¡
˵Ұȴʦ̵ѧü߲ȱ, ҲȱǮΪ༲Щ顣
˵, ǰֳϵӰ
ƽ˵һϴɫҲѩɫ, Բ, Ҳޣ֪, ͬУΪ̵, ˵õܶ࣬Ҳʧȥܶ࣬ʳǽ»ʰ񣬽ү֮٣ʵڲ
Ļ, ˴ӱƽȻı͸һ˿ɣ, Ƭ̲ʵû뵽, Ѿô¡
˶ΪƽĶ޲֮ʱ, ȷʵ, ŽӭӹŹ˻ΪĶˣ󣬳ݵȴܲ
ӭƬ̣Ȼʵﲻڻʶ֪֮Ҫȥδ
˵ķߵҪͣͣҪҰһ
ӭ˵ͷ˼Ƭ̣۾һ˵һҵ뵽ʲôˡ
뵽ʲôӭ˵˵Ҳһ
ƽӭŷĿ⣬΢΢һЦȻת˱⣬˵һ·ʳǣɴ棬ʾˣΪ鷳㲻Ըܾõһ־ԶȥطҪʩԮ֣ǴɴҲ㣬ĹâҲǳð취ǻᱻ֡
˵òòŮ˵һ˫нΪŮӴĺôҲΪǴֻҪķ˵Ǹۡ
ȱǮ߻پĻҲֵס׼ķͽ
䣬Ψһ÷ͽɵЩ֮߼ɵģֻȨƱбһܹ֮סǵĶ
˵ƽѾ뵽ԼҪǰıŵʲô
Լ˵Ȩƣ;ǶŮ˵ȴû·ߣҺûе·
ת˵үԸ⣬ãĿگ¡ʱ·ϵ谭࣬ʲô£ȫҲбϡүԵһ֮λ
ӭչ¶Ц̣˵á
򸾶˶Уͬʱת⣬ʵ֪Ը⣿

УʢװĶʹųŹȥ
ǰŶҹٷĴ󳼣ģֻ̇ӵǵ̴ӡ
Ӻ֮ů룬⼸λҴ󳼿ͬԼĹҲһƽԭ֮򻷾֮룬ֻⶼĿù֣ǲ۾ᣬҲᡣ
ʱƾʲôǾҪĿຮ֮ؾнǧ꣬˾Ϳûкĵطȹǧʱ⣿
ĸֺܿҪıˡ
ţҲͰǹѹȥֱͦǰߡ
ȱ̴µڵĹż߽еλµ۸֮ǰľ¡һ޶ףҴֻöҰ̽ӴϢȻûд
׵İ᰼ȺʹȻֻˣȴȵձʹһ˽Ҫ
Ŀ̧ڵϵĿϡ
Ҫ̧ǰȻҪԼ»δ򿪣ѧʿѾ֪ŵʲô
᰼·ĶʹԶ֮·Լׯ񣬿гƵʹμ¡
˹ڵ֮׵λ˵ƽ
ܶš屧ľ¡˵λ˵Ϊһ彡ƺѧˡ
Ӧһл¡ӵվĿͶ׵ĵ
ֵĻλǲǰǷ˫һ޵òҲ˷ϵĻˡ
ʶ֮ǰǾѾƽءټҽΪεϢҪΪܵԼϻλλ֮ʱѾ׼ûٴصλϡ
˵ŵλܹһܵϻλ컯ˡ룬ң˫ܹػǲס
λԶˡ˵漴ĿͶһԵĴѧʿ֪ǰںδ齣
ʹʱǴѧʿڵһͬӼ񶫵ʹͻȻãǴѧʿڵͬλöͬϻһġ
ѧʿվŰһ֣Ӧر£ʹڶԷ⼸λ˰Է
Էáᰶűʾ⣬ٿ·վŵļˣ˵ҷ⾳꣬µ۵ǻӦ׼˰ɣ
ʥΪ׵Ķʹվ·ֵĵһ֣˵֮ʼͬ˫ǺӦ⳼˴ҳ£ϣܹͬǰһ
˵̧꣬¡
Щ̧ӽ̴ӾͶһµذĸͬʱ򿪣ŵ䱦ʱڵз⻪
һ֪Ѫ
λãĿѾȡ˵˵ǷǰǸŵļ񣬼ʢʯĶңô󡢳ɫôõʯҲǰһġ
һ뵽˱⣬Щ͸ԼԼôȤԭʯ͸⣬ǲźء
ʹᰲĿĸɨһͣһ˲֪λµ۶Щ챦ôȤ䶫͵òλ¹⣬ûйϵЩֻһ̽
Ϊ׵Ķʷ֣Ű˵챦͸µرµǻ֮ϲ
һͷѧʿ䶫ȥȻ˵µ۵ǻǴ붼ûǰȥףأȴ
Ļ£ⶫʷһ˾ɫЩʹصףȻȻްţ̫˼ǻǴʡȥˣɳ˹ϣõԸõ֧֡
֮룬̬Ҳŵ㹻ͣҪ㹻ʶ࣬ӦôӦ
û뵽⻰˵꣬ϷͺȻڵ˵ǰЩʱǴ߾ܹһƥǶҵսȴûˣλ֪ô£
ŰᰵĻλµ۶ڵϢ˽Һ֮ǰѾ˵λش
ΪˣΪ׵ʷ˵ر£ƥսǱ߾ؾʱܳȥģǴ˴ΪսŴ߾Ҳ׼֮񡣡
˵£Ŷ
ʹϸ𵭵ЦݣһָһƥսŴ߾ؾǶԸ԰ٱִ֮˹

 268 
һƥսͨս, һƥ
ķһЩ, Žƥѱ, ֻҪĸ.䣬ܵĺ
һ, ʤʮƥս
ֻǰ䱦, ᰵûд, һƥսľ֮, Щ׿˵ͳЩûҲš
ⶫʹ׳֮󣬼λĵڱסˣɵõս, ˫, ǱܡҲԡ
¶˼ɫ, ȻԼ˵˷񣬲Ϊ޵ǻҲΪսű߾񣬻бɣ
ѧʿԭλڰѾܹһ棬Ҫڡ
ˣֻ, ЩԶҵϼ޻߽档
Ϊ׵Ķʹ΢΢һЦ˵¹Ȼ, ⳼Ŀ, һǺرµǻ, ϣˡ
Ļ£һʹͽӵ̫Ƕͼãǰ̫ٳ̹ǰȥ٣Ⱥٽ֮ͬǵʹһû뵽ܰػģȻʹв˴̿ͣ
üǰһһʹص˽ΪȻţȴ֪ԱܵĴ̿ͳǶҶǱܺ޷֮ģǻȻʵ˵֣
˳𲻱Ϊ˳
𣬸ӿ»ʵǻȹ̣ǶұҪٹ֮ȥָͬǽ֣ԼȻ֮飡
һ֮ڴɱȷٹʹ֡
·վŵȺǶˡ
ҰĲҪǼ֮뿪ʹãڶһʶϵУǴ˷Ҫٴ̤뱱ܱ߾սȼڱܵϣкܴļֻڡ
ᰲǣȴܱ¶ֲš
ף¶΢΢ĳʹŭ˵ͷȻʵ˴룬ͼˣ֪ҪΪʲô
ΪǶʹһʹس׵һ֣˵ر£ҳȥҪǽɱȻʵ֣Ƕ뱱֮飬۽Σ֮սǣҵȴ˷Ҳϣ³ֻϣ뱱ܽս֮ʱܹƫ˶еĶԹ
һ˵ţһ߿Űᰵɫ˼صͷҪһ˿м׵˵޻ҪͬλҺúһλȻʹϢڹ磬Ϊǽӷϴʱ顣
ǡ
˵ţֻȻ̴Ӹˣ뿪ʹ
֮ǰ˻Щɵؿ˴ѧʿһۡ
ֻǰյǻûõµۣҪŪȽаգǼϴѧʿͼֶˡ
ֻȻʹȥ취
߳ᰲջĿ⣬׵Ĵѧʿʵ˵Ļʦô
ƽؽдѧʿĹְ˽»Ǹϰ߽һʦ֡
ѧʿͷβӦ棬ӦҲȫΪ١
ֱӳȥܣһ룬ֱ׳Ϲۡ
˴ѧʿĻᰵ˵ͷ漴˺һĴܹܽԸ͵ʹȥ
ǡܹӦһūȥ
ȵȡ᰽סܹܿԼʱ˵Ŷʹ˵£Ҳ͸Щǡ
ǡܹ¶Цݣ˵ū֪ô
ššһȥɡ
ȴܹҲӵȥᰲŶԴѧʿ˵Ȼ˵ǱȥĴ̿ʹɱȻʣǾԼȶš
ѧʿδ֪¡
˫Ķпʲô¿Բ
վ˵Ǿñ֪һʲôҲиӦԣǴʲô̬ȡ
ЩֳȻǷѣȴò޷ʵǿ׳ʱͬ࿹
Ƕռ˷ǹܣ˳һսףǽҪԵľˡ
ζҲռͲù˼Ҫ󣬿ֱ뱱ֻ֣ڱݷ˶ٴȥٷꡣ

 269 
Ļ, ܹܾͱʾúú, ֳȻƽµͿ๦ߡ
Ļ, Цһ, 漴˵ҲģȥŰɡ
ǡܹȻǸջصУ̱ǲҪȥ񸮴Ľȴ硣
¸ƽ²һ, ʲô, ֱ׵д, ƽ
Ҳεǰ, ²Ż, Щǰ, Ƕ֪ӱ϶뷨ʵ뷨װԻǵġ
Ϊ, ֻķѡʶĵط, Ǳؽүߣܹ˺ү塣
˭˵ǵı˼ǲȫأ
񸮵˶һЩ, ҪǽնˣԵүϣȥλ½Ŀ
Ƕջȥƽ, ǾֻǰϳŮڿջ, ŮװĴ, ƽ뵽˸ϡ
Ҫƽס£ʱûؿջˣҲûаһ·ӱ߾Сʶǡ
ƽɿŻȥ⻻ŮװСصϢԺҲȻԵݹ᾵ƽ
֮䣬ȥһŵԺ䣬Ҳж˺ǣ˾ϸĲϣСרˢΪëϴ衣
ŮȻڱ߾С򳤴󣬵үүȴֻǱ߾ҽݵһͨô򵥣ƽĵطѰ˼ҽ̳ĺҪ࣬뿴㿴󷽷չ¶ϵĺ뾪̾
ˡһԺǰ·ѾͣԱߣʾȥŮջĿ⣬ŶһǰԺȥ
ȽһлԺе
㣡Ů˵ػһСܽǰ˵ǲסջˣ˵ԺǾԺסˣ
ֻס漴תȥ̧ʾŮϡ
ŲСһϵе׹Ůװ֮ʱӻЩѡͬһʶһΪóϳΪȻɿҽݵүүģȴһա
ʵЩ⣬ŴЩ˵ƽĲûкЩûлش
ˣ˵ͣվҪˡ
һ¾ָ̧ԼŮʵҪСϣҪһߣ
Ļ£ܹܾͱʾðֳȻƽµͿ๦ߡ
ĻһۣҲģȥŰɡ
ǡܹȻǸջصУ̱ǲҪȥ񸮴Ľȴ硣
¸ƽ²һʲôֱ׵дϣƽҲεǰ²ŻˣЩǰǶ֪ӱ϶뷨ʵ뷨װԻǵء
ǹΪֻķѡʶĵطǱؽүߣܹ˺ү塣˭˵ǵı˼ǲȫأ
񸮵˶һЩҪǽնˣԵүϣȥλ½Ŀ
ǶջȥƽǾֻǰϳŮڿջŮװĴ磬ƽ뵽˸ϡ
Ҫƽס£ʱûؿջˣҲûаһ·ӱ߾Сʶǡ
ƽɿŻȥ⻻ŮװСصϢԺҲȻԵݹ᾵ƽ
֮䣬ȥһŵԺ䣬Ҳж˺ǣ˾ϸĲϣСרˢΪëϴ衣
ŮȻڱ߾С򳤴󣬵үүȴֻǱ߾ҽݵһͨô򵥣ƽĵطѰ˼ҽ̳ĺҪ࣬뿴㿴󷽷չ¶ϵĺ뾪̾
ˡһԺǰ·ѾͣԱߣʾȥŮջĿ⣬ŶһǰԺȥ
ȽһлԺе
㣡Ů˵ػһСܽǰ˵ǲסջˣ˵ԺǾԺסˣ
ֻס漴תȥ̧ʾŮϡ
ŲСһϵе׹Ůװ֮ʱӻЩѡͬһʶһΪóϳΪȻɿҽݵүүģȴһա
ʵЩ⣬ŴЩ˵ƽĲûкЩûлش
ˣ˵ͣվҪˡ
һ¾ָ̧ԼŮʵҪСϣҪһߣ
ȻǸˡ
߾СȻƽͣǶ͵Ů˵ȴ죬űĴߣȻ;бһδ֪ķգȴеԼǻš
ŮĴ𰸣Ҳûие⣬˵ã֮ңҶһҪ󣬾ǲܷʲô£㶼ҪԼҪ
šŮΪ⻰ĳضһ£ǵͷӦˡ
˼һԼҪߵ˾ˡŷڱ߾ȺˣѾ˸ŷԭǴʲôڱⶼʱòˡ
ҪΪãΪѾݵ˻ʹȥӦܿ;ͻͬԭļƻЩ롣
ҺܿԱܷѣ룬ʰϵݣǰҽΰӭֻΪ˴õһŵҪŵǵȵǳʱ̰Ϊ룬֣ܻ˶ҡ
뱱ܿսⱾ֮飬򲻵ѵʱ򣬱ⶼ˻ˮ
սǷǿ֮䣬ǿǿ֮䣬Ķǰգֻ飬Ҳȫ޷ܾ
ΪáĿԻصܣ֮ȥսϣҪࡣϵڣ˱ҪʱĳЩΪڶҲʹ룬Ҳܹ谭һ˲
ڱĺ⣬ӦڻƶʱסƽԺƽźԺ䣬ʹŮһЩﶼ͵Ժ
ŮӳǶջԺ󣬴·ŮܿһˣҲ˼
ŮԵװ⿴ʾԼ֮ܿȥˣٳʱ˶Ȼһ£ԭͿɰݱѺγĵø˼
ոȹŮڱǰתһȦȻǰʱ⣺㣬ҿҲи׼ѣôأ
ڼĵһ𣬱⴩ľĺɫȹһֱûб˵ʱڱ߾Ϊ˲˵ע⣬ѾڻʶұֱƽãҪټ͵βǡ
ЦЦ»ǻڶ˵ûʲô𣬼ȻûǾͲȥˡ
ŮѾɴµݣԼЦʱʮֶƶŮǻеһĳҷ
Ҳǡ˵ܴʲôһÿˣ⡣
Щʱ򣬹о˷͡
ô죿ӭЩ⡣
κүͱ¹үģȻҵ
Ϊдܹԣʶжӣⶨٶȷǳ죬һдӼֻҪķźӡ׼ˡ
ȵųȥɱѡΪλ½Ŀѡ˷Ժ󣬾ͺܿٴƽ˷͡
Ŀ࣬λʮλ֮
ڷ֮ʱƽ򸾱һԿţȵ֮󣬴ܹܲŶԱ˵ϲϲյᣬͬүһ빬¡
ˣܹ⽻ôһ䣬λǱ˹ǴˣͬŮһϲĳϣܲͻ᲻ȥ
ڵõ϶Ļش֮ŷĵͬƽˣȻȥػʹ
ְһ£ɣӭ̧ܹһӣǶҵԼķǸȥ˴ѧʿ
ȻᰶԶҵв²⣬Ҫ˷ˣǶʹŵҲʹһڻʶпͨУûǵж
ܹܿԼ߹ȥûǸʲôɫһ룬ԼģѧʿȥˣɫӦÿȥ
Цһӷ£Ŀ񣬵Żعڸȥ
ԷӵĶʹͬţһߺȲһ̸߽洫ĽŲ˳⿴ȥﳯŴѧʿȥͬŻͣ˻ʵ̸ôˣ
һȥѧʿҴȥϣȱڡµ۾ֵϳɣҲǸոյǻҪ̸۵ش飬϶Ҫѧʿġ
û뵽Ϊǰȥͬȴһ˦ӣһ˵̸ʲô˼ҵ涼ûš
һ˵һߴ߽ʣ˲żͬһȥ̴ӣǶŵϻӣóȥû
Ǳ˴㣬ţû뵽ŵĸɴûţ˸ܼҾͳǴ˻
ͬŵĻʣ˶һӣ˵ŵǲʶ̧٣
ӣֱӸս
˶ŭţûĵϣõĻǶҵԣֻΪ׵Ǹʹû˵
ȵˣ̧һֻ֣ʾǰˡ
һ˵˾̱죬ȴָʾ
ⶫʹվڱ˵һʱĻʵۿǣŵ̬ȣڴѧʿűŲΪ֪ǲӦԹۣ벶ʱںֻȸ
ô⣿
ϵıʮڿຮ֮ش򰾳׳˵ȫԱټЩӸջصıȨеıһ𣬽ӽʮ֮
ܡ䣬һ𣬱Ҳֻǿ϶ҵһ롣
ͷȷʵãҪҲ壡
ʣĻ϶ֳɵĽɫ½յֱۣԭתһ˫۾ǣ˵ϯʹҲڣøЩɫҲıºͱŲĴѧʿҪ𰸡
̶˸³̣±˵Ҫ𰸣ҲͲŭˡ
˿̣ǶҲãʹҲãŴܹܻİҲãƽıҲãյᣬܻδʼǸѾԼĴ㡣
ڶա
ʹ磬Ȼڲִټ䲼öɣȴһҲ
ĳƽ򸾡·ĿǻѾõıʹźͶʹ⣬һƷϵļλԱ
ʱӭλֻлʺһˣûк˰λʺûһλӦΪֵĹ͢ϯʮˡ
ȻûлѵɫȴΪ׼ۣͬǶĺɫֻԽݵƣԺ𵥴ĺɫȹ˼ֹ
ĳϣⲢǵһΣĻʹпܵĻʹҲûʲô
ʱѾߣĴȥСŮڼʹʱ򣬱ƽҪļ־н
ӭλϷƽ룬ƽƽ
λøһ̧ͷȥʱ򣬲Ϳ׵İᰣ˵Ŀڰ
᰽ǿûдɴģ˵ɴʱֻõ۾ע⵽ϵϢͬԼеŮĻȵɴժľǽȻͬˡ
Ůӣϸ١ڻص֮󣬵ǻǰҪɵ£ŮĻ٣ûһժɴһ
ΪɴݣʵȥԶ԰ڶݵĿ֮ͣջߣûٶ࿴
ע⵽ߴԼ뿪ֻƽǵλˡƽ֣˲࣬ؾ
ǣ㡣
ͷӦһ
ƽ֮󣬾ñĿڽԼ㡣
ƽһܵܣڻʶȴδйãڶһýԼ㣬ǻϲģԱüһЦ
λã϶ͻ˵ע⣬ڽʱƾߵİŮӣж̲סʡ
˭
Ϣͨǰ˻ʰ񣬾ƽµλҽ
Ȼᣬòڡ
ֹһʣãչбּΪ
ƽߣϯ֮С
˵Ļ˿ű⣬ж治֪˵˭컯ˡ
ƽŮһ죬ƽҲΣڻָǿŰӭɫϢƳͬļģȫͬҲǻûõҽ԰κá
Ĵʱ䶼࣬ʹҲʱҽġ
һ׵ıȺпԼĴ硣
µֶʱһȻַ뿪ôãһμԼˡ
ʹңʹ룬类ڶң֪ΣǴȻòһġ
һһڼ᰺ƽԺ󣬵һע⵽ҲƽϯߵǸ
⴩ͨʱϵҲʮֲۣñڲµκƽҽ֮⣬ûע⵽ֻлڼ࿴һۣڲУ»ʰȴûʵò
ĿͣľЩͬžʹȤӣˣϯˡ
ڴȤ˼һʱҪǰߣлڼҲգ˵߰ɡ
͸ʹϯ
ԼĴȫûϳԼڱܵϯλƿĿ⣬˵е
輧룬ڿǰ裬д󲿷ֵϯλѾֲֻʹϯλš
Щȷʵ˶ǰֻҪѹʱ䣬פ
Ŀڵɨ֮ʱע⵽ǿŵϯλȻڵУϤס
ʮʦ֡
Ǹ򣬼ǰʮڽ䣬ȻԵá
ٻص룬֪Сʦܵǻµ֮ʮҲɴû뿪ڹǰһְʹȫͬʱڹеİᰡ
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ְ֮ʮᰵķʽҲûиı̫, ֮˵Ǿ, Ļһ𳤴ʦֵܡ
ʮϲϯ, , Ҳ, ϯвܼһССǰӰ, Ҳڲ۵Ľռһϯ
ʮԭںűҪζľ, ַ±ĸ裬ȻϷԼϣžƱ̧ͷǸ˹ȥ
ǸƽԵĹڿԼ, ȥ֮󣬶ԷͺܿջĿ⣬·ǰûڿ⿴
ʮ֪˭Ҳ֪Сʦܸշ˿ֻƾֱﲻԡ
ˡջĿ⣬ԼеľƱľҺػ˻Σʶ𣿡
һֽ, 輧£ҵϯλɿš
ȺǸõλﶼЩ˲񻰡
ͬһ, лڼҲΪմܹܴϢ䱸Ŷˡ
¾Ʊ, ԭҪ, ǽ˹ͬӦԶ˽ϯϿܵķѣΪһ˵ȥ͸͸Ȼϯ뿪Ե̸´
ȵ⣬̴Ӹ´žĹȥȴ;ƽ¡
ƽվͤУҲǳ͸
֮λ֮Ȼ粻ƽлڼȻװûߵͥǰվͤеһ񣬽еү
վͤеİӭתֻһ̧֣˵񡣡
лڼֱԼĹְʹʹУ˵ƽӦֱӽĹְǣǰӭȴӣлڼʱһָоԷרųԼǵż
߽ͤУƽԼΪʲô£ͼӭߵʯ£ĿʾԼҲ
лڼˣǰȥɣɢү֮Լ˵רӵġ
лڼҲµˡ˶ֵû뵽»̹ף֪кҪ̡
ƽֱӣ⡣
лڼ֪ԼĹְʹʹҲ˵ʮлȨƽԼӦΪһݡӡ
̸ͬ
ӭӲؽţӣ̸ͬǼ¡
УڶָѾβĿ⳯űܵϯλȥԼĴոȥڶû
Ȼ֪ĻʹУӦòʲôΣգлһЩǡ
үոҲϯδ飬ԵȴԵȫġǰеĽǣͿſڳ˶ʹӰ̤ŵеĵڶָӣǰ
е輧ȥŶҹ۵Ķʹм˽̨·׵İһΪ׵˳Ƶμ£⳼٣ˡ
Ȼ˵ǵɫ̬ȴȫԼǶĵ
ᰵϯδʼλĸոպã֮У
˵ţǴ󷽵һ̧֣ǰЩĶϯ
ͤУлڼƽĻʶطʵʲô
ӭӵÿ䣬ǲĻǷ޵Ұܵӣ
̸ֳֳ֮԰ӭո˵ԼҪ̸Ǽ¡
ܰӭ͵ʮлڼǾԼǲˡ
ƽİֻһˣߵλϵľۣҲ˵ƽλ뵽ȢһܹŮΪӣ˵ܸ֮䣬ֹǧδУĵġ
лڼڷӦ֮Ȼشƽһ⣬˵ǣȷʵδ䡣òǴСͳлĸϥ£òʧõŮҸĸϣԶޡ
˵ǳ֣ڸĸڵ£õĻȫֲģӰĻǸĸԸ
סƽ˵ͷԴ˱ʾ⡣
ֽͬ׵ֲǱˣңԻ¿¡
лڼɫ̲סʵҿɷүһ⡣
ӭݸʲôʵĲֱ˵
лڼү£űӦ֪飬δӭȢǴܵĹŮȷʵԼ꣬ΪʲôƫƫǱ⡣
Ҫ֪ܵĹҲֵ䣬δޣôҲӦֱԹң
⣬ӭüĿչ˵ҽڴ˼ӣðףʵ֪顣
⻰һлڼһ£Ҫھͼӭ̧һֻ֣ʾԼ԰ꡣ
ӭлڼ»Ž˵ʵ汱ʹһ֮Ҿһֱд⡣ֻǰ岻ãಡ齣δܳС̩Ưһʱűӻ֮УܵҲһصλ֮ǰʱǡԿһġ
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Ӷר飬׼һˣ㲻ٿˡĸţΪֳҪΪģͻҲˡ
лڼȫû뵽龹ȻΪľʶ𣬲
ԼĻȥˣӭ˳ƵŮȻԸΪ׼Ȼӻȥ֮˿һɻǵҵܵܡ
лڼƬ̣ȷʵӭ˵ĸĸȻԼĿǸصǱԸƽ˵øλµ꣬Զ룬ҲӦοңȷʵר飬ǰλ֮ʱ֮оֻлʺһˡ
Ӧһã˵˻ȥͬ£ȥʱԸƽЦá
ȺͣҲһʱˣʱ䣬ӦѾ룬ϯҲʼӦûȥˡ
лڼͬӭһ𣬳ŹȥһһڴܡЩ׵ѡ
СүʼĻZٵλµۣݹأƷòһ·߸ߡ
ǰ˵̵棬ڶãôһҲͻأˡ
˲߽ƽȥлڼһת˱ʹŵϯλ
һߣһ̲סĿ׵ϣķʽѾӿһ֮ԼǱ÷
һصԼλϣԱߵͬŵ֮תͷʵлôȥôã
лڼһ·֮˵ͷƽ£̸ͬ˼䣬һʱʱ䡣
һ˵ţһ߿λǼٵĶѾλˣֻüԵͬŵЩˣҸողڣʲôûУ
ûСͬŵǵϯʼ֮׼ѣ񡣡
лڼšһջĿ⣬Եͬŵƽͬл˵ʲôἰҪǴܽˣ
лڼһ㶣תĿ⿴ѾصλϵƽλϳԼٱǷ˵Ļȷʵü޵Ҳǽˡлڼû˵ֻǶͬ˵ֻżһ
ŶͬЩʧҲûж˵ʲô
׵ıⷽſŴƽһµӭŴϯȥŴ磬Ҫͬ˵ȴһʱ벻ʲôøԼĴ˵ģ
ڼӭԼĴٱҲ·ӦӣͿóӦ̸
ӭо֮ΪϣҲλ̧һֻ֡
һ̧֣緢Ѷţ˿ֵʱСȥܹһ˦硪
͸شӵдȥڵһһؽӵдȥԶЩѾ׼Ĺ̾ͳŵˮһ㳯ϯζȡ
Ůȹͬˮҡҷβϯ鶯УʱѾŷ׼Ĳϸϣڵе輧Ѿȥ˵ĿԶۼס
ĿڵɨеϢһ˲ȥĵ˵Ϊϲ£һһֵָ
˵⻰ùֱߵľƱİӭ˱ӡ
һģһȴȻͬĵү˵ͬһҡͬʱǰ˵ڹȥж֮¡
Ϊֵһ˫ӣԲܹһΣ֮ʱһ˳ƽġȶɽӡ
ӭŵܵܵĿ⣬ӭͬһЦҲеľƱ˵Ը
Ǿ䡰ơͲ˵ˡ
Ļ£Ҳ˱ŰӭףԸԸү
ӭá
Ȼ˹һ¾Ʊ֮󣬰ĿֿԵı⣬˵һλܹȫ̺ҽ
Ǳķţؾڻʶԣչз͵飬Щ֪Щ˲֪ԭȶԱ²ˣĻԺҲ׷׹ԭ˻ʰκƽµҽ߾Ǳӷ˿˵ƽơ
ӭŰᰵĿ⣬Ѳʱһ㲻ƽԼı˾ƣȻŰ᰾˾Ʊ˵Ůл·͡
һ˾͸еòʵ벻ɤ֮⣬ܹˡ
᰿оƣӷŻϵĶеǰϤٴϮͷű⽫ִӱӱ뿪ӵĶֻͬеŮһģһ
ݵڰӭУɵö࿴˵ܵƬ̡
᰺ܿعȵ˴ܹܸϵľƣȻ˵˵ڶ¡
ڶϲ±Ƕµ۵ǻλʹϲѶ޲ȥ񣬽磬ңء
ʹվŰ᰹л¡Ȼ־Ʊ
˶мɵʱѣ˿ĵңףǶµ۵ǻЩӦʱʲô
ţŸհǰľƱ𣬾ͼվ˿ԼߣȻеľƱһš
ԭоͰֻƱײϵڵ͸
ңףµۿȥΪһʶԵЩ⣬žƱֶڰУվϯλ֮ߵسԼֵ¼£ǶҲ뱱ЩС˹
һžάɫţǻָɣһû뵽һʡˡ
ұֵǿƣڶǷѵıȻҲԼɣС˻Ըɡ
űϯкü˶ѾѹֲסҲͬƱصϣ漴ָŶʹʵ˭ɣ
ʹȵϳҲɫ䣬еı·£ȴŶ涫ҵĻش
ʹһչֳʲôм˵ձлͣ˸ﶼĴѧʿֻ㿴İӦԡ
¡Ϊ˳׵İ᰹ֵҵȾѾ⣬˱о۵ǶͷϣǾȻ̣񣬱¾վһߣһչȥջ´𸴣
⻰ȻҪܿսҪվӣⶼƵҪˣѹմܹʱҪ˵Ƿ
һҡлڼ𣬱֮ǰڴܻʹҴʿǰƵʱѾóࡣ
һ˵Ŀ˱ܣڡ
⿴Ŵ磬޾ɫؿŶˣһȸ״
᰻δ˵ӭʵӴԺ⣿
үлڼתףŰӭһֵǴ˷ʹ֮ǰҳ̫ǧٳѰأǴȻӭѺý֮󣬲˽ճʹ֮С
һ˵ӭһͷ
лڼֱۣתĶʹ֮ʱȻ̧һָ¶Ӷ񣬡ǴܽȷΪϱǶȴǺεоҳ̫£ͼɱ֮ﵽϣЩδǶҼƽϣȴҧһڣҪڽҪǴܿսҪƱվӣ˭ɣ˭ػģ
лڼķ⿴ŴӦԶҷѣǰһ嶯·ӣֻοڴʱĳɳ
⼸ʹȻѾԤϵܵķҪӦҲѾƻеڶ˷ŤǷǣߵڰף
ҳʿ湫ǰȥ٣Ĳд裬ǱܵĻʹɱҲ˵ǵĻʹûоеĴͽ˵ʱλǹλϣҲȻϼҪǴʿĵлӡ
ԭѾǶҲѾǸǱȴģ˵ʹǶһͨޣʵȴ̿ʹ֮УǶҶĻΣûзɱȵۣˣǱָθ㣿
Ļ£бһ΢ɧ
ӦۼݱԭǱɱģһȥҵʹйϵ
Щǽ˿ȴó˵ȻѾ˵׼뱱ܿսݣҲν治ˡ
⡭
˸е⣬ǱȺҲΪ⻰͸¶Ϣôֲ
ĿܣһĽѣû뵽ǾȻӦ۵ս
ڶ˵꣬лڼ𺳵ڵΪٴת˰ᰣ˵ǽȵ֮๫£ǶҲҪ֣ܽ£Ƕһǰ˵Ƕ뱱ܿսֻҪƫ뱱ܵĶԹԻԼ»ܸһ𣿡
᰿仰˵ԺڵУԼĳѾԳ⶯ͼȰ
ȻֻǴӦҲûʲôսܲ˻ˮͲ˻ˮαطҪ͵ȥ
Ҳ˵ȺķӦֻᰣŵǻã˵Ѿȶ֣ڳУʼղֳľƣ֪Ӧԡ
˵ԣҲס
һڣʹϵĵ֮ɫŨ˼ֵ֣˼֡
ԭ뿪ȰƫȺаվ˶ȵԼλϡ

 271 
һ仰ס֮󣬲ż˵뿪֮, 鷿, սǴ, ս֮Ӧλ, ҲҪ֮۱ܻǶ, һսͿ̿, ȥ, ֻһ䡪
˵ţгǰ˫ۿʹ, ˵ܰŴ̿ʹдɱӦۣ֤ݣ
˵֮תԭɫЩҰѿıȺ˵֤ݣǿԷ޻˫˵, Ǹᣬô˻
һĻ, ֪Ҫϡ, Ȳƫﱱ, Ҳزŵԡ
Ǹո˾ƱѾ˰ᰵӣ˿ٲͷӵĻȻλûжãȥûжٳǸҲ׾ͷŹǡ
ֻװ˰ᰵתĿ⿴ıʹţ˵ãǱ˵ǱЩһһţֱýҲס
Ǽ˵ˣҲٴοʹŵķʾǿԿʼˡ
ȷʵҲǧͷиֵ⡣
룬ϢܶϾⷽõϢֲȫǣǿ˵һڡ
ڳƬ֮лڼڡŶˣ˵˵Ӧ֮ǱɳĴ̿ͣ㣬ǿץ˵Ĵ̿ͣ
ȷʵؼһ㣬ǼȻ˿϶ֵǱܵˣǶȻǽ̿͵סҾʡ
Ϊ׵ʹ۾ɱ֮ûץסЩ֣Ѿӻʳ𡣡
һ˵˾ʶ˵ӦǱܼԺڶҵ鱨ݵ㡣
ܼԺһƷڶϰڸԼߵĴڣֻصҲģǾ޷
Ȼ˵ûץסǸ֮̿ףҵ˼Ժ鱨ݵ㣬Ǿ˵ǿ˵Ĵ̿ͶٸԺйء
ָġ
۾ŷ붫ңûдˣԽȻǼԺڶҵЩݵˡ
ȥɽȥЩˣʣµҲδ⣬ɱ
һŷļԺɣһƷֱ֮󣬾͸ðǼԺִӶջȻڶԷҲûץס׵£ߵǴˡ
лڼȻûץס֣϶ǴΪڻ
Ƕʹ±ٻҲǱܻȻûץסǸ֮̿ףȴѾشˣҲӲرȥ
ţָٴսץסĲϼҪ±ơ
ǱܽǱıɱȵ۵֤ǽóñ
лڼǵĻ⻰˼ȻǰȥɱӦ۵ˣǴܼΪҪˣֻҪò˲ʶ󻹻ǣһˡ
˭
õԤУȻûڣԾͬվ𣬳ŶԷŭʣ˺࣬һ̿ͣץıߵͷϡ
ģΪ׵ĶʹЦһ˵Ǳ붫Ҵɱȵ۵Ŀɲһġ
˵˭
ʹһһٵصܼԺ֮סŷѡ
һǰıܴҲ̲ס˵
ֻ֣еһӦҲˡ
Щ˵ԼȵڱܴɱȻָ̿Ǳسŷ
ŷΪ̫ξһ֮£֮ϣο㲻˴֣뵽ȥɱӦۣ˵ʲôô
ʮڽ⻰Ҳ̲סֹŷȥҴɱǻʵۣ´ǲҪ˵ҴʦǧﱼϮȥȫ壿

 272 
ŭЦֱ֮
лڼ̧, ֱָ, ΪǴܿս, ҿԼ涼ҪˣȽڶ˵ó
ǶʹˮĿҲлڼǲǽڣŷһ֤֪
, ˽ףҪܲݡ
׳ָȻȴܱܽƵ޿ɻصһ, ȻҲһ, ǲʲôԷȦס
ǣȴζ
տƾѪˡлڼԵͬҲվ, һһٵص, ȽҴس, ʲô緶ԣ
ԣ󣬼λʹվͬҶţĪΪҵȻ裿
£ŷ˲
ƽϣԼλ, űȺ붫ҵĻ֮, ٳ
Ȼ, һ̾ͼиֳһ˿֮ɫ
˶˿ʹ, ٺޣҲʱͷЩ˵սս
֮ս£ĲǣǰգȺûܹ
룬ǴŽúƽĿģսܴȼ
һʱ˰ĽţڱŮսֻ֡
С볤ȴ֪ԼˣҲ֪һȺ˱߾Ϊʲô
ûмŷ˿̼Щ˵ţȴЩʹûʲôͬ
űʹֻͽ͵šŷ¡ֻܹվǷǿ
ŮţĿ˱ϡ
űıӰ֪Ϊʲôȴ֪ʲôʱŻ

ͷŸŮͼǰһԭڵ̯°Ķǰҷ
һϲǰ˳վǻɫҲĽűߡ
ڹϣϯλϵĶ˵ע⡣
ǿƽվı⣬վʲô
ǵҲеԼϵĿ⣬˫ȴΪؿŶ˵ķ
˵Ŀ⽥ɻҪʲôֻʣ¶뱱ʹڶУûпˡ
Ƶά֮ʱֻһѻܼ˵սĻ
Ϊ׵ĶʹЦ׼һʱһ𣬴ڵƣ˰գмʡ
Ȼҵķ˳Ǳ˻ǶʹǸ˹ȥ
ܿ죬˾ͿվΪ˵˭
лڼЩ⣬һվΪ˵ˣȻλ
漴룬ײĻˣҲִˡ
·ĿΪ׵Ķʹü²ʱԼ⣬кʣֱ˵
ԵͬҲ뱱˶Ȼ֪޲ԡ޲
áվԼϯλϣͷȻ̧һֻ֡
˼ָĿƽؿŶʹķ򣬿ڵҵһҹǵûץ֣û֤ݣƾֵĵ¶֪£λѵе裿ǣ統лˡ
Ļһ䣬һɧ
дǵһμλ֪飬֪һԶ˵
˵³çȴҲֱʣЩڱҲ˰Ķˣֱõķ
еڳʶؽĿͶǵıү
ѵרŶԸҵ
ôҲ޷һģһֵϿ
Ļһ䣬˵ɫͱࣺ㡪뷽Ǽñʹ޻˵ľ˲ת
ΨΪǶʹɫ΢ȴûб׼ŭֻȥ̽ؿű⡣
ά̧һֵƣ˫۽˵ķӦ۵ס
һнƣЧͬԤĲࡣ
Ϊ׵ĶʹȻĵӣ²˵Ļ˼̬ȡ
˵ע£һָڶ
Ͳֻ׼һʣ˵ȴҲűܲžһ߲ҪǮ˵ĵطǡǿеּǱسǾӦΪ.˵ɱͼսҹһţ˵ҪһȥǾվס𣿡
ķʣԭȴ·ıжһɿ⡪ŷʱ˵ȥǶң
˵˵ţǰֳָǸѩҹԼŷȻطĻ棬Ƕڳʹܵʱ򣬴ӱܵȡʲôرҪñسȥǶҪ
в֪δ̲סЦ
ǶȵȡɵǺվסš
Ϊ׵Ķʹ۽һ顣
ֻ֮һЩ֪壬֪ģ
ԵͬŭǺ⣿ƾա
Ϊ׵Ķʹ̧һֹֻ֣˵ȥ
뿤бͬűһľء
ǲܿڣҪôʵԼҪôʵԼп

ǳĬȥ˫ȴͬţԼٴλһָ
ڶǰֻʣһʣ᰿ͬһȴһʵͬʱȴһڴ

ȴҲ֪ǶҷֹһƷ֮һŻð䱱ܼԺıӦѡλ˿һ㣿
ʣÿһʶڵϣԭأ˿̵аš
áΪ׵ĶʹԱʣӦֻôһ֡
᰸ӭλȴûҪ˵˼ǲֿΪվ۵ı⣬˵֪ʶʣվںʵģ
Լң
û̿ڡ
Ϻ֮أһ֮ڱѩ֮У˶ԡ
һܹ׼ҧסԷ
ղ˵Ļ˶ƣ̸⽫ʵöƿԣֻҪԷһ䷴ʣǴңôͿԻٵռȻ
˵Ϊ׵Ķʹлһ˿Ц
ҲûôӲ
˵⻰վ˵ϣǶȫԽЩɶԷ硣
˵ףһҰ֮ˣ÷⿤ҲһΣ˵Ļûκη
µ۸ƽ⻰ǾҪֱվҵĶȥ
뵽װݶ꣬سˣʧȥ
ܳ⣬㲻붫ֱΪС
˿ֵκһ˿ڽӻЩسɣ򲻿嶯
ƣ˶
ΪոձΪִԽ˶˵ܵıʹҲί
˽ӻҪΪ˵ˡ
ѹǴܹܵţְǵȴҪ뾽ȣǸҲ
ϵ򾲣ʱȴ
Ǵ˿̰᰽¶ҵĻȻã޷ӣҲ޷Ӧԡ
Ĭ֮ʱԱһֱֻ֣
תͷȴƽԼվԼ֣˶ʹĿ˵վȻǿԼ־

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ƽ⻰ûнָ, ûиЩŵسҪսѶţʮָ
еֱϴ¶Ⱥָ, ƽҲͬԼվһս, Խ
¿Ƕʹҽ˵Ļ, ȻԼ, λĲֻ֮࣬ԴΪڷܣǶ˵档
תƽ, ףҸ밢ˡ
Уƽص, ΪΣҪȥ
ս䲻ֹ, ȴʲôһȥ߾Ҫҽ, Ҿȥ
ʹ, лڼԵͬŵǲͬ
ǰΪܳʶ, Ѿ壬˿ʶֻ붫ҽսı߾ȥˣиѰ
лڼͬ, ͬʱѹƽá
ƽѾµⲻڻʶ, ȴû뵽Ҫߵô, ôΣյĵطȥֻҡͷ̫Σˡ
ϯϵİӭڿˣ˵Ƕȥ㰢ηģʱٲҪһӾȥ㣬ҪʲôҲרʶʱʱͨ
һɾ鷳ˣֻɩնС˵ţǶˣ΢Ц޻Ǿ仰Ҹ֮ʲôᣬһΪãǷǵҪ󶯸ɸꡣǽ̸£Ȼȥѡ̸ҴԸΪмˣʹɸΪ񲯣ɺã
ʹĻѾںϡࡣ
˸ɫ壬Ϊ׵Ķʹ¿ˣҪǶ뱱֮£
ᰵ޲ͬһ㣬ϣҪս¡
˵Լվƽϳһۣȴɫ棬ǶִΪս޾ֻλûȥˡ
ʹ
Ҫ֣
ͬһ׵İᰣڵ¼ִˣЩҲ˻ˣⳡһҪ򡣡
˵ţĿڶıʹɨִǾսϼɣ
뱱ܡͬʱսĻ֮⼸˾ͷܵس᰹һ񣬴ӵзȥ
Ҫ׵İһ̧֣ǳȥһ·ͨ裬뿪ʹ
磬ͣڹ⡣
齵ķʻȥȻˬ
룬Ŀ벻Ҫⳡսв֣вһҪɹ
Ȼ뾴ƲԳԷƣǶܿսһҲ̤ƽˣ
СʵۼȻ˵ҪѶǣǾʹеš
һ˵ţͬͷ
Ļ£һ˵ҾòһǳʱǿЩ϶ϵıûУ˵ھѾȰǵµۻת⣬תͷҪʹջŵĿˡ
ҵϣ˵
ǶѾݷôãֲûбһٴ˱ܡΣ
ԹǿʳǲǶǿʢǶҵ̤ҲӦġ
˵ţȴȫԼᱻزȥ
սնʹ񻹱ǶһʶıʹţҲǱš
У룬һ뿪еڳһӻˡ
£һϳæشԼϯλУس׵İ᰹£гƵ£ͬҿս򲻿ѽ
˼
˼
һȰţһδǣȥͬŭĶʹ˵ûҪֵ˼
վϷȺϳ
뿪ս뱻͵̶֮飬οֱӿսУֻҪ᰺һȥάܣⳡ¾Ϳ
һԾŶֺǸĿڣֵԺεԴ
Ϊǹ
ԵƽԼ˵°ɡ
˳ˣЩϳעеԼϡ
ʹ֮УлڼҲϯλϣΪŶȻսеŭĻػֻ֮им
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гϳᰵû̫ѹ
ƾµϳ֮飬֮´ʣֻһ˵ı顣
ӭͬλõʱǳ̫ˡ
磬ѡһֻôһЩϳδؾʱִ١
ֻΪĲսҪҿսַľֻЩʧϳǽﳳ֮һֱͬˡ
ϳ鼤ԽҲѸߣ˰Ъȥ
ǶֱܣֻʣˣᰲſڵҶ˵ˣǲ˵һ˵
·Ȼû˸˵
ǷһֱŵľƱ˵ѰһֱȻǧ侭꣬ĺƽ̩񰲡
˵ĹѫȺϳɵظŵͷ
ǵͷ׵µȴǻһתϣ΢΢ǰʵҿΪǴʹܹˣƫҳ˽Ұģ
Ϊ۴뻹Ǵܣڸ֮ϣҿຮǵоʹҪӶĲ
˵ţȻ̧һָⷽŶȥķĿ
µϳǵһμλµ˷ŭֳͬĸײͬ಻ͬ
ЩϳʶһЩԣ˭óǽڣȴҪȥţΪʲô޷ǾΪˣǣǾ
˵ţһϣӦϡ
ѪǻΪǽյͷþͱ𣿲ᣡ
֮ԣվ·һϳ϶˲֮ɫ
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һʹЩԭԹۡΪҴ󿪷֮ŵϳ׷׸ıţ˫ֻڱŮۼ
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һϳ׷׹ڵأǰȻͬ
һǲò뱱ֻһսϣ˲ȵܸǾԮľء
ãᰴӱһĶϵһģսӣ
ڽʮĿɿڴؿʦܣλøѧʿԶھҪȥʴʦ⻰ǲ̰ᰵˡ
ù·ϳƽеشȥڴټٹ٣鿪ս֮¡
ЩȫٰǴӴͳȥ
ıʹҲһ뵽ȥý뱱ܽ˵Ըȥ
󲡳ƽҲͬһǰֻƽ뱦һ
ƽǺ֮ʹһһľϤޱȣһгºűڻ԰
ⳤڱܣʱڱܵ԰־£Ѿǲľܣ԰ֻʣտòá
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ʱվ˵Ƿ᰸ӭҲȻзӱƵöҷ֮ٲǶƶδı䡣
⽫ĿƮ޶˻ƽеԼ˵֪
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֪Լ, ΪԼƽ, ԼǴϲ֮顣
ֻжȻȥᶨڻʶ鲻࣬ȥ߾ܾȸˡ
뱱붫ҵһսɱ, ˵, ȪսϾܾ
㡣⽫ִƽ³˳ȥ, תֱ΢΢սָ, ³ŵһнˣٻػʶ㰢㡣
áƽ֪Ȱס, ֻ, ˵ˡ
԰, ԭͷͷб, ȵΧһж˻ƻĹӰ, е²ڽ
ܹܴ԰ѰǵӰҴͤ⡣
ƽͤУͷЦݾϹһ, ˵, , λ˵Ѿˡүڹ·, ū, ٿȥ
һ˵, ƽԱ˵ȥɡ
˵ͷ, վ뿪ͤӡ
ط׻ˡ

Ŵܹܴ԰뿪鷿ڣܹһһ΢ӶԱ˵᲻ؽţֻ뵥
л֪ڲԼδڵ˵Ļŭ
ҪᰣһʼЩţ԰ôãٶĽҲɢɾˡ
ȼ֮ͬø뿪ʶıʹһ𳯱߾ȥ
ʱǰͿԳһȥ
ūڹô꣬еǵŮӣǵһμܹһ˵ţһһ鷿ԼǷּУѹñע⡣
ޣֻܹܴ˹ˡ
˽̸֮Ѿ԰߹ȣ鷿⡣
鷿ſţܹǰͣ˽Ų˸뱦ȥơ
⿴ͷ̧ż˽ȥ
Ƕһǰ鷿ҲûԵ̴ڡ
̤ĿΧתһȦ鷿Ĳ÷ƽŻǰӭλʱĲãδı䡣
ĸԣ˵ֳĲˣͽλû
ˣ
ţͼһİᰴܺת˳
һǰڵеʱ˽µ״̬ոսûвڿӦ֮󣬽ܵӳڹ۲Լ
֣Ҫܹ֪ǿġ
վԭأһ񣺡¡
վԿһ̧֣ƽɣ˽²عھ
仰Ǻ⣬ֱͼƵǰ£еϡ
һ£ûΣֱӿ˱⣬˵ϴƽӦúһģֻǲɡ
ǵãǶʹˣû˵᰼˵ոڵ֮ⳡսû̫Ĺ㲻عڵġ
ǡ
ᰵ˵ͷһתἰ˱ʹš
ǷѾͬҴУվҪ̹ȥɩãǼϲģ㵽߾ȥðķվˡ
⣬ֻҡҡͷ˵Ůڵ˵֮ԣ׳Ұʶãȴʺҡ
еĳЩǴ˰ᰣ΢Ȼ˵ˣڻʶҲһԾȣ̫ҽԺԹǲҲû˻Լ㡣ǰȻоҽҲԸ𣿡
ӭĿ⣬ʯȻʶˣڲ²֤Լݡ
Ȼ֪¶мǰѾ̽ˡ
ûԳޣõġҡ
ʶҲͬԼĸ棬Ĵûϳǰȴˡ
ͷ΢ȣѡȪıԼ֮󣬱ûһܹٻصл⡱ݡ
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Լл⣬ȻԻȥһС
߰ǻģҲϣ롣
뵽ԼϱŵĳޣҪȥθҪȥġ
᰼ԭأһ˫۾âãеĽҲᵽ˶㡣
֪Լ̽Ǵ˶ĵ˼
ȫˣҲӦñϵһ
һʼҲֻǾκԼֳŮϢƣǵȽڵмСټŭԶң;Ǳ⡣
ǣⲻóҲӦӡ
һǷʲô¡
ǰֻӰʱ򣬶һ£һ֮ˣʲô
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ͣס˽Ųȴûлͷ
ᰴԼȡö壬ҵ壬һֱš
ǰֳöӣͣԭأվûлͷ
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ŭ֮࣬Ҳʰ׼ģ¾ҹӻʶȥ
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˻ʳǣҵʹųǰҲ˳
Ϊ㾴ƲԳԷƣҪһԿҶˬĶʹڼЩԶظǳ֮֮󣬸ŭЩ빷ʲô
ȥĶ˻ǳ˻ʳǣڻҪһ·
Ϊ׵ĶʹϱĿ񣺡ˣҲͬ
ЩצǳȥǳǱˮ㡣
⣬ϵ׹֮ȴǸŭοܻ룿ҪضȥϢ֪ȻҲҪͶⳡڴѾõսȥ
սɱЩˡ˾ɫ
ΪǶҵĳЩֵأһЩ޹ʹ鷳Ҫʹöࡣ
ȵҵľɱǻʳ֮£ʱٿЩϵɫǷһ
ʹʳǽһǰһ󣬳붫֮ƬƽԭȥʹųһգҲ̤˻س̵·
ڶһ磬װıʹž˻ʳ⡣
ʱǴű뽻ѺõͼȥǴ뱱ܽ˹ֿͬҵĳŵȥ
ʹÿ˶ǹƼհ᰸ΪУ꣬б˸ж
ڳ⣬ĵݱ𣬲Ÿ
һͬĸˣлڼ֮󣬸еͷ׼̻رܡ
ǸղڸᰰݱʱһϣƽƽҲͬϵĿ
ϯϿ˵ĻȻһԣĴ뿪ʶ߾ȥʱˣҲһᵽǰȥ
˴θǵĹ۸УЩȫͬ
лڼԼͬ˵Ҳͬһ߾ȥһ·մ˿Ĺ⣬нͣһ·Ȼ˳Ҳջصܡ
лڼ΢΢ͷ
Ҫ£ܶȻѾ֪ˣĽ֮⣬ȴҪһ˲ܴȥ
ڲ֪ἱʲôϢȥʱ꣬ͷʹԽĹƼ
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ȥ, ͣԭأűȥķ
ϧ, ûа
ʮվ, Űᰣֹ
ǰڴ;СʦһֱעѾһ㷶Χ컹УԽԼԽû
Щ˰ʦ, ŻãڱܵС
˼ǳúܺÿû, ˣǰСʲôλϣ
ģ
ʮ̲סҪһ°, ͼƽ˹, ǿ԰⻰˻ȥ
ӭ, վͬǸ˵ǻص, źܿͻкϢˡ
ǵͷ, ﲻԣתͷ˸һۣϢ
ʹŻصܣȥǴҪǽ, ͬԿҵϢ
ù¾ս, ĳ̶ֳ˵, ȷʵǸϢ, ȱܵϢǾӦҪͬҿսʱˣǺϢ
ֳ˵ĲָĺϢʲô
ӭתĿ⣬ŰܸԼһģһģпԼϾȻܹı顣
һ뵽ԼѾ¸ֻʲô飬ľ̲ס΢Ц
ֳֻ֣Цȴ˵ᰴߴһʲô£ˡ
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һ뵽ƤϢθ΢΢ȣе˸оͱ嵭ˣ˿ᰵ֪عڴ
ãҲӡӭգһ¡
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Ƹйأʮ˶䡣
ԣɵ˼ֳʲôʱлڼ˵˻׷ʵֺ˵ʲô
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ӣ̩ڿл䣬ûеĻǷ޵Ǵ
᰿ŸЦӭ˵ʲôѾˡ
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ʱ򣬱ܸҪӽܵϵȻܽ鰴²
ֻҪϱˣܵȻͻϣӦ
Ըѿ޵ΪǵĻʺ˻ȹ̣պ»ӣ˻һ
ӭ˽ͬлڼᣬչǴ̬ȣǳ֮ΣʱôΪҪЮ
ǣҲΪʱܳĸĿѡŮ޹򶼻ѹܾ
Ϊʲôո˵ʹŻȥ֮ӦܿкϢ
ֻǡᰴ˿̿ǰأԼΪܵһµֳȴ̲ס̾һ
Ǳûбһˣ룬ֻûϳΪЩЩڴȴԶĺϢ
ٴεתĿ⣬򳵶뿪ķ
Լ磬ԼıȥҲΪʹӦ޹
ܵܵķӦԤڣӭϵЦȥشвлЩԼ֪¡
ƽվڼ֮⿴ţڷתͷԼԼӵʱҲֳɫ
ʡôˡӭҡҡͷȻſԶĵܵܣʵǸˣ
ʵûôϲλСʵûҪȢ
ǡԶӦǡ
֮£ٵϼ۵Уǰĵ΢΢ҡΣҲŽյеİᰡ
֣ȴû˵ʲôҲûдϼ档
һϣڷĳз˴ŮСתؿű⣺㣬Ҫشˣ
볤ˣܶ˵ֻڳеĹʹҪصƬȥܡ
ԡԼ˼лع˵ͷҪȥˡ
Ȼȥ֮иڵ
һ뵽Щ£ܹǸվڳеӰڱˡ

ʹŹͬУһ·лʹУ֮۳ǹվ׼׵
ԭӻʶ߾ҪգоӴһУǰδе˳ֻҪʱִܹﱱܡ
ĺʱ֣ڹٵϼǰĳͣѾǰõվ
ǰǻҰ̣վϼӳ¶ڴ˴Ϊӭӹϴһµ˷Ϧɽǰһ͡
ةվſڴֵǽȼԼҪúýӴĹӭ񣺡λˣСĽة
ǰǱʹŵлڼһͼôةǰȻžɣȴúܸɾҹ˺վˡ
ʹ֮жӣôϸİţҲΪǡ
ةֱĿɨǵЩĴ˵ԱܵʹһλĿȴûпĿ⳯ź濴ȥ
㣬ںı⡣
뱦ͬ˵ŮȻ⡣
ദʱỽ㡱ȵǰĿڣְһŮ
ִҲĿͶǰվѾƮ˴̣Ȼǰʱǵķֺ
ةڿԼ֮󣬾ƹǰվŵıʹţǰһ񣺡
һͷɡ
ǡةվ΢΢˵СĽة֪͸λܵĴҪСѾ˽վʰɾˣÿ͸λסġ
ˡةæԼķ£Ȼǽȥ
վĹԱЪţܹʮ䣬ڶˣõһ䰲Ÿ˱⣬һ͸ʹ
ةԭĿ֦ҶЩӸ͸ֱţĿʶ⣬û뵽λȴʮֵͣʲôźУҲûʲôֵҪʵһ
ةӴĿˣ˳Ҫȥոˡ
ƽվڣСܹҲˣӸЩ͸ʮ֮һҪӦôˣҲЩæҡ
ЩĴͬһҲͬʮͣûʲôҪ
ˮȹԡ֮ʣµֲͣţεظЩãȵϴȥһƣ˲Ÿڷš
ϴԺ󣬱⻻һ·͵ԼסĵطЩʳ
վǰŴŵģΪ׼ĲɫǷʢӦڵةȥĴõġ
Ǳ̱͸صģĹҲһִٵ˵ڵͬϵĲʽ
һʢӣԭֻʳʱ伢ȴչ˵صɫζ
ڴʱɽҰɻ֮ԲĲֱɹɴ棬ڽةóľɹɺľͼˡ
ϵĲÿһԣȷʵ
¿ӣҪôʱŪôʳȷʵΪˣǶ͸ЩҺϲﲻ÷̣ȥɡ
͸ӦһǡȻһ񣬴˳ȥ
ܿ죬ŮСҲϴϣ֮󣬱кһԡ
ոԡ꣬ͬðһˮѬúŮǰˡ
˿Ӹ˵ز𴦳Բš
һӣ˵ģģó𣿡
ȷһȴ۾һ
״˵óԱЩ
ŮС˵ͷ
ȵùţ͸Щȥ֮󣬱żϣŶ˵ñ
ɫѾȴȻΪݳ޵ĵ˺ܶյơ
㡣Ա㣬Ů˾Լ˵һ·ȥ˴㣬ʱȫһˡ
һʱ뾩ʱֻˣŮһ·ֻ֮ǰ뵽վȴûʸͣġ
±㹻ǮҲ򲻵ʡ
Ůֳ۾ͷݶЩϧصĺôȽԺû˰ɣ
˵ɼףѣ¹̫ܣҪٹ֮ǰ·ǸӣֻҪǳϰˡ
ᡣȻصܣֻڸá
𣿡Ůһֱ壬ʵѵǻصܣҲǸʹͬ·һصȥ𣿡
˵뵽ֻǼʹͬ·һ·Ϊסĵطڡ
Ǳȴҡҡͷ˵ǲһߡ
ҪؾҪȥϣ
ԽҪԼҲûĴ㡣
£۾ϱߣܹ飬һʿĿסսֻ¶⡣ǰϺԣΪִ֣֣ܵӦѾˡ
ڴܹڵĴӦöڽϸУں֮ǰǾ޳ʵһˣʱ˳ûڻʳ
Ů˶ԭʱ֪Щģֱʡ
ϾҪ̣ǲܵԼ³ɫüᶨӲҪԼ³˵ܵŴ򲻴򿪣ʲôͳΣⲢûʲôν
ŷڣӦѾЩ˲ȡʩˣˣԱҪɡ
֮ǰѾԾ˰ţŷ뵽ᣬܹŷڵʱ˵ĸ֮ƿغþ£ǽϵ飬벻ôԶҲ첻ô
ˣ㽫ŷ£ѻͭԿͻȥ
˻ͭԿףǿԳ׵Լ¡ǮׯһǮ⡣
үүǮŷЩǮǮ׬ĲƸˣⲻ֪ܲôܳŹһվ
ʶȥϻеڶĿģȡƸ
ȡƸã
Ů۾Խ֪Ű㶨Ȼ÷ḻʣСһƽ
̲סʵҪҵʱ԰ϰʲôæ
ȴ˸ӣȲ㣬ʱ֪ˡ
̸һ֮Ϩ˵ƣһ۳Ͷ٣˶۵úˣ컹Ҫ·ץʱϢ
ֻڶȴЩ״
ķڶС¥ϣȻҰһҹὫӴû죬ȴܰݡ
ȵ峿һù֮·ȴһҲûС
أŮɻҹûʲôӦʲô͵ϮǶԱ˵ţȥ
סٵȵȡ
˵ͼةɫ԰׵عһҪֻʵع£
˵һѣʵʲô£أ
ة֧֧صˡˡ

սս˵ҹ£ԭù֮󣬱ʹҲ˯ˣǴӰҹʼȴ˸״
кʹֹ㱣ߵһΣǽнסʹ¥Ϲȥ
ǽةæȥĴ˴ϣܹ֮г̣ץҩ֮ȴȻֹס
ڽѾķǲ˶վʹŵ˲˵ǻڴϡ
ҹûͬĶǽӳûо
ô˳ͬʳеľֻбʹţ˵Աܵıûš
ة³ü»ͷ׷ԼʲôҲ֪ҲѲ𷣡
Ļ˵λȥ
ةһ£ߵŮ˵ʲô㲻֪ǿαΪ𣿡
һ˵ةλΪκүԲűӷ˿ȥ˵ܿЩΪʲôˡ
Ӧ֮˵뿤
űԵŮȥ˱ʹ齵С¥һߣͼӳҲ
ӸĴһ𣬶ͷðо⾿ô¡
˯бһ·֮˷ӣȴǿñա
ҪЩˣЩطҲǲһЩ˳û£Щ˳˾ͲС
ʣµĲиҲоˣûʲô⣬ЩҲͷ
ţͼةŸ쳣ŮӽȻŵ͵ϸڴȴ͸Ż
ûٴɴĽӳ̱˵ǰ
⿪ʾ
ӳ˱ߵةһۣΪûеһʱ佫֪ҹܵλͻȻ㽫վе˵ȶ֮ǰ˵޷֮£ҪſԳҹûͬ뿤ˡ
ᰵһ£ȻŶԽӳ˵޷
ԭصĴ򣬽ӳ֪ηӦˣü񣿡
ҰλߵҲةѣʶǰǿʱҪ
ֹǣλλ˵Σ
վűɫλʲô˵ˣһ˿ڵؿĻСΪλιˣС˵ĿͬһȻλ˵֢״ͬӦöǳͬʳ
һ˵ţһ߽ĿͶϷŵЩиʣϡ
ʳĶԲңǽĵ¶
ǽӳжϲΣжǾͱض¶
̧һֻ֣׽ӳְڣҪԼҲͬҪʹţڻȥ·ϣڴ뾳ھͷ⡣
ةСǱܵλ˳ԵĶͬԵһģЩʳʣжҲʳˡ
վûʲôˮôһ磬ķ࣬ǾÿҲЩ
Ƕû£ƫƫ£ҲǺˡ
վһԵϴţ᲻Ϊ⼸λԱܣ˵ʳϰͬǲͬԳЩʳԺͲжӦ
˵Ķ
ôⶼȥһ
Щ.ķ䣬ʵһ䣿
ӳΪָлڼڵķ䣬ǴԼŮ˽ȥ
濴ţ̲סһۣλȥʲôãֲǴ
ة˵ı飬һԽС
ɵӣǲ֪λôĿǲ鲻⣬϶֪
һ䣬ŵѬҩζ߽ȥƹ磬ͿԼĴڴϡ
ʹȫУվ⣬ǰǹѺһչǵĶǽˡ

ƼѵġԽ֮ҽ顷by÷
İ
ԽɾزپҵͶ֣Ϊҵ¶ܶ׶ͷ
ϧ첻Ըһһߡ
ӣǮ
߹٣ơ
ӣǮơ
ɣȰ˾ժǺú˵

 276 
һ, տлڼҪ񣬵Ǳһ߽һ̧һֻ, ʾҪ
ڴ˫۽աɫ׵Ĵ, óһºò˯ţǲҪѡ
ߣ뿴˿лڼָ촽ȷж, ֻΪһ˾񣬲Էġ
Ȼÿ·øŮǰ
Сڴ齱߹ֽлڼִӱ˳, 
һĽӳⲢȥŮȥֻŮڿ, ӦҲͬѧҽ
״ⲻأԿ֡
ʵǡǡ෴Ůҽг, ҽ, ̱֮˴µƶϡ
صԼ, Σ
Сһͷ, ˵Ҫȥһة
ֻص, ةԾصͷСǰ㣬ոλ˺ͿϵĲУС
˵˼־ӵƣةһ£һ̧Ӳһ˵С
ЩʳԼԹֵģǵ
ǾͲˡ
ҽ˲ԾӣСҲֻǿ飬ûϳ
⣬˵ΪЩʳԼλ˲Żж
ة૵Ӧð
λεĴҲͬ뷨ⶼƽճԵģҲûǲ
ѵΪ˸˲һ
Ҳȫԭ򡣡Ů˸ʲͬһ£⼸־ֻҪԹˣԱ첻ʲôӰ죬ֻеһسԲŻᷴӦ˼ҡ
ôһ˵˱׹
Ȼҵˣͺýˣ򵱼һҩΪ඾
һ±֮ǰֿ˿Ůȷ»ҪҪŪ
⿴ǵ˼ֻ˵λҩɡ
Ӧǣ˸ҩɽȥץҩ
ӳЦüʣҩȥҪղܺã
λҲǵһ˽һ˵λĴ࣬ҩȥӦܿȬҪָԪա
ة⻰̰ˡ
Լͱ¦ӣȻҪӵʱ䡣
¸᲻ˡ
пΪ죬ͷ޷ȥץҩվȲˣٶͣһհɡ
ȥʹ⣬ߵˣȻһҲΪհ
ԸȥӳҲûʲô˵ġ
ֶԽة˶˰ɣ׼ʳʱԿţ׼嵭Щ
ǣûͬԼ׷ةϲ⡣
ӳͬһ뿪ȥЩͻȻȫȻѵ˷˳
λҩվһξ룬Һҩг㣬ܿץ˻ʼҩ
ҩֳ֮⿴ӳҲû⣬Ŷ˵ʹ˵ķȥιǺˡ
˵һҩȥϾͻ֢״ֻĵľȴһʱ䲹
ڴϣϵļλѾ˻˯׳лڼģû뵽Լ뿪ʶĵһվվﱻľӸŵ
˫Ŀ컨壬һǺüյʱ䣬˵ָ춼Ҫա
Լỹãָÿ죬ǼλϴһҪ۳Ͷ٣ֻҪǵһϹͷɢˡ
лڼǷԼԺͬһǰصȥϢ
һգͲһա
ͷƣб죬վ̨ҲһֱæţǰǼҩʱ
ߵŮڳʱԼලǼҩةߵĽæӭ˹
ȣôˣ
̵صλ׼ҩ
˲վԭؼų̋ķߡ
ǰӻʶĻʰ񣬽ةҲϼ˶κƽµĿʮֵĺ棬ҽ
̨ķߣԭΪҪ̨ϼŵҩȥû뵽ȴ͸ԡ
͸ʶĵִٵһ˵һԡ
ҲûҪǻ˵˼ߵ̨ǰִ̧ľʵĹǣ˿ŵ࣬Ȼȡһƿ
ƿ˵Ŀⶼ棬ڱߵŮСᡣ
һʶʱ·ҲϹһΣҪǳȵ
ǼŰóƿеҩ˲˵ʳУֱιЩ˺£ȵڶգǱ漣ػ
˵ƽһ¾ʹӹŹǰص˼䣬·ûлĲ֢Ҳʮֵľˡ
ƿƿеȪȫصڰŵС֮УٽƿһԵ˽Ž׷һԣѸӸ˻ȥ
ʹܹʮ˲һƿȪôһ㹻ǻָˡ
һƿȪ֮󣬱ʹ̨˻ߵةǽߣ˵ͷλţָλ˺ȥ
˱뿴óֶΣ¶ƿҩЧԽڴͷӦ
ȵŵʱ䣬ǿС౻ڰ˸ȥԶŷеĽҪ⼸λ˰ȥ
ȻΪκһ඼ҪⶣǶΪôһѵı˽ȫغȥٺȼõҩ
ⷿУҲǿζ嵭ġ
ɸŮһʳŮſӣ̲ס㣬ҲЩʳΪȴûأ
Ϊǰ˽ҩ
Сһ뿪߾С򣬱ˮмȪʡ
ԼȪͷβظѾӰ졣
Ǹס磬һĶȻǷŲǣڸеʱõȪ٣ʱҲжôȪⶾŻ
һƿȪȥչӦþָܹվ·ˡ
ŮС᲻֪Լʲôʱùҩˣ̲ס׷ʵ㣬ƿװŵʲôҩ档
ʱˣΪҽߣҩ̲סҪŪס
⣬¿ӣصԭңҲӦ㣬ǣ̫֪࣬ˣ׻Σաģһգ㡣
šŮͷ׷ʡ
һãΪѡ

ͣһգԭӳԥǷӦý﷢ɸ봫ȥͬʶ緹֮ԭڴ϶ı˾ͻظܹԼӴҲʱͷ
ڱٷҩù֮󣬾͸һϴɾһ壬ֻˬ·ûгԴһ㣬վ̡ܹ
λĴ򶼾ϡ棬ةؽǣű⾹ҽּ
λκƽµĿ
⣬ǡֿĸһץסᣬȥͬһ
˾ȻȥǴ֮ĽةһѰסˣ׼ȥʲôأǿ
˱סֱݣŷ
գ˶ȫתܴӶͣһյվ뿪·
ӳʳǷȥķɸҲ䵽˻ʹ֮Уʵ˰ǰ
᰿ֽдϢ˱һҪصȥκŲľģҲֽ׼ȥϳ
£װûطĽةվվſڣмĿͳԶȥϣһ֮һ˳
ңѩ⾳
ʹڴԭ֮ͻ˿һ·Źۣмûͣ
Ǵµĸ·м䲻֪ۿ˶ƥٷѩڼھ͵ִ˶ҵĻʶ
ڴۣԼĸǵĻ㱨ǹ֮ûȥʹֱе飬Դת
紵ѩҵķ䡢ϡ
ʣ˵
ЩڵϵĶʹ˵ǵġ
Ҳáڱ֣Ӵ߻ԣϵϣһܻܣ˵ûʲô̫𡣡
ǿ˵ϸڣᵽǸΪκƽΪ֮ڵΪ˱ǶŵĿ΢
â¶⣬ʵǿʲôģ
ͬһǿò֮ЩʧȻ
ܿɿü
ŷʬ룬֪㵽ʲôطȥûйϵصĵطȥֻҪսһ̤ƽһҪ

 277 
ˡնԷ糾͹˵, ȻȥϢɡ
ʹվǰ, ۾Լ, Ϣˣһͬս
ǣм֮Ŵ鷿˳ȥ
鷿лָ˰վԭأûиıվơ
Ҫܽ, ͬԿңǵıҲʮ, Ƕһʮ֮, ǵࡣ
ֱѹȥ, Ҳ䡣
˵ҪӮ, ҪӮƯƯ
ŷ, һ뵽£оһ˿ϧ
ϧ, ϧԼѱ̤ƽ֮ǰ
, ү, ˡ
ʳλʱľֻ, ̧ͷ, 빫
ص, ܿͼ̴ź
֮Ҳûа£ֻժëߵñӣ鷿￴һۣԼ˵磬ⶼһ䡣
Ļ˰ָ̿¯ţͬһ齱£㵽ܲΪԹɣ
ǾĻˡ
ů¯һЩ̿¶ɢĺ䣬Ҳϵ磬Ůҵһԣ˵ǲȥʹŻˡ
һҪһ𰸣ȻҪˡ
ڣҪǿսˣ
ڵ
γʹĽ޷Ǿ֣ҪôԹۣҪôϣǶԿ
û뵽ֻ̬ȣȻô
Ƕʹŵ˴ɳȥʱ䣬ǵڶգ;ܾҪ
̵ʮǾҲסһʱⳡսĽû
һսҳҪͶ
ֻȴʼվãıﵽĿģʵ̫ˣҿķ˱ܣҲԵ˻жˡ
ţתͷȥڵĲ
ٴߣҪǰ賾λ꽫ӰӣҲڹʱб˵
ھǶҵҪ߳Ƭຮ֮صˡ
̵ߣڵתĿ⿴΢΢һЦô㿴ңŮʱֶ˲ŵǰʵʲôͬ˵
ҡͷֻǾþͬǴ̫ˡ
ʹŵ˻ϣЩѵ
˵սնʹǲҪ⡣
̶豭ĲĭʷʤдģֻҪʤˣʷҪôдһ仰
û˵ñʹŵʵŷȴ֪ʵսɰŷͷϣľ
ɱŷ֮ȼôŭͲǰǰǣһ˿顣
ڻص֮ͲʱϢϾ˴ԼǰߵĻ档
Ƕҵſʼ˵һг֮ҪϣھԼѾû
˿ڼģʱֻǰԸ
̼Ȼ𣬾ʹȥһǣȻֻ˵ʲôȥɡ
õһ˿˷ܵĹâƬ֮ʹ뿪ˡ
ͷѩԾڷ׷¸ֵͣһֱɨѩ·Ҳûжѻ̫ѩ
ڳԯĿڱɫˮ
ӳﴫǹԸȥʹݡ

Ӷһι֮Ϊսһ𣬱ʹžͱڻʶ֮С
Ծס֮ʱ齵ĵطֻſرأҲѲߣ˶뿪벽
ȻûΣգŶָأ˶ŭѣҪȨλţҪǻһס
һжȻڲǡ
ǼΪ꣬һ˵Ψле̬ǰһƽ
ﱻ֮󣬴ʿָܽ˴ǰǰ㣬ԼԼ塣
ֻ˵һ£ûץ⡣
пܵǱڸŷһƽ뿪˶ңˣ࣬ǱԼںδԲûʲôӰ졣
лһӣҲлѩ÷֦ϻ䡣
ңΪľǰþȻȥûеõ׹ʧȥ˱ӰͻڱС
ǿԸıսֵĵơ
壬˭Ҳ֪ʲô
һѩӴķ϶д÷㡣
Ժе÷ѿ÷ʤѩѩһûйϵĴƮ˽ðӡ
лֽƬ÷䵽˵ϣ̹ݵ
ֵĶһ٣ˡ
̻֣ȵڲлвǾ⡣
ջ֣ԭص̽ͨƬ̣ⶫҵĹʹһѩƿ˽
һů⣬¶˷ɵɫ
ڴߵлУֱ̧ϵ磬һ泯һ˵ҷĵطůࡣ
Ȼʹȴûеǡ
ʹݵĵյñȺδ㣬ΪƳ棬ԸڹжάŽϵ͵¶ȡ
۸»ǵ£ЩƳٻ
˹лж棬ĿϣȻǰһü̸һΣ

ûŮ̸лʰԭֲӣȻһִڣһִףʼġ
һƬԺзѩδͣŮõĲܿ˳ȥ
̵Ĳϣ⣬лȴΪ¶ɣרע̡
̿ԭΪԼло㲻ҪȻŭҲƽ·˰˲һ
ţϵĶֱлѣԼˡ
ôһҲҲ˳Ļһӣ˵һΪҽ㲻Ӧͬ壬ǻֱӸϳȥ
лһӣ̧ʵ뱻ϳȥ𣿡
֣Ȼǲġ
л´۾֮һ壺һҲ壬Ҳ壬ûʲô𡣡
̿ģȻͬڱܵʱһ
ӣԼ
ͣӵĶǰ˵֪ȥʹĻʵ۵˻
Ҳһ¡ػأ˵⣬лҲͣǵһȥŷ˴ɱӦΪɣҪǴܿսҪվӣܾǡ¶Ҫͬʱսˣ𣿡

鲻Ѳµ֪ԼǸźţлȻһ¾Ͳ³ˡ
㲻ٲһ£ҽΪʲô
лнӷ˻ȥָУң벻ȥ
˳Ƶȥ𣿡
лҡͷȥĴ̫Ҳͦá
βü˵ﱻôã㵭Ȼ˿ɲһ룬ҰŵֻҪԸվָŷʹ֮УǱ붫ҴɱȵۣôǾͲɣڶҼӹٽǰ죬˵Ҫõ˵᲻˴Ӧ
леص֪𰸣һԡ
̿ƽɫ͸е꣬ĿʹеˣûһΪĶ
ôᡣлеҲˣͲƶ˻롣ÿεȵѡԼ£ܷսвʲôն༸Ϊα֤Σ
ֱ̣ӳӰӡ
ԭ֪ΪʲôЦһ֪ǰҵʹУ˼һָŷҲһ˵
վߣŷָأǲŻǶս񣬻һ˴ʶҲ޷
ʶŷ˵ʲô֮ʲܳ׻ٵ
֪лвܴӦ̻ƫҪһԡ
һʽջлҪ֪˵ĻһֱģֻҪӦһս⣬ɿܿҹΡ
лмһ˵ţһֳԼԼϵͳΣֻӣܴǰôԺôظı䣬Ϳ̿һоֻҪһŷˣŷѾˣⲻһΪ۶ѡ
ŷѾˡ⼸֣л۵һ˿
˵꣬άͣƣ۾ȴĶҡ
лԵˣԽԣ˿̾ԽҪȥȨ⣬ȥá
ڱܵʱǣʱȴҪʼǡ̾ǺЦڴĴ𰸡
ãле𣺡ҪվָϣҪϱеıԲԣ
ӣЩ˵Ǳ㵱ƸױһҲ
леĻӦ¶һЦݣʵΣ
˵ô໰ܹͷȴлڳĬƬ֮ǶԼ˵ɹ
ڱܵʱӦʱӦ
ɫ¸ĻᣬԾ±ܵĳ㶼Ҫ𣿡
леֻңûоܾɡ
ҪŷͲС
֮⣬мһ˿ҡҷӿŭ
ʵŷҪǱܰյҪ
лУҪ
ŷǹʿΪܸܲø
áվǰã˵Ҹʮʱ俼ǣʱܾͻıˡӽһ첻ͷұһɱһˡ
ʹҵǡʮһˣʮ֮лǲӦͻὫʮ˶ɱˡ
սһҪİնл˵ֻһ֣ʮȴͬһҡϦദͬţɱǰҡ
δ¶ɫло˵ʹ˱ɱҲṶˡ
ϵɫлУйâ仯תͷŵ̴˵ߡҲδһͷѩ
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˱ʹһ, ˶֪
֮û˵л, ûٹ, Ҳû˵ɱ, Ϊ֪Щֶζлûá
֮󣬱ܵĳҲ˴, ִ˱߾
ľеı߽ϣͣСԣȻĽ, Ǳܡ
ҪͬĿֵǷ׷³
ǰվ, ֻ²ڸϵ
ӳ, վԭأԼĴһȻͬһ
һ, ʹеһλ곤Խڶ, Լ˵ִ߾Ǳȥȴ֪Ҫȥη
˵δڱ߾ͣգҪҽεĲˣ֮ȥ
ڱһ, ϯϱǵһվΪ˵, ȺкøС
֮Ҫ, ϳóһдõ顣
һŵĽ˹ȥ⣬վԭأ˵ܣʲô£ɳʾ飬Ӧܷһ
ڱʹ֮Уӵ䲻ľ
ںϼ֮󣬱һ飬ñܹ֮·㣬Ƕл⡣
Ա˵Ǹ֮ϲ
л˵ĺ⣬صؽ𣬱Ŀ̣Խ˱߾žǵķȥ
ϣֻһȺ
תʹˣӦֱľˡ
˵Ҫڱ߾ͣղǸӣʹŰգҪȥ
ǽ뱱ܣЩĽҲӦȥˡ
;ǧһ𡣡ʮ˵Ҫȥλ˵ĻԻػʶȥˡ
վǰʮȴûҪ뿪˼
෴ӳһǰ
ˮУʮˢˢعһƬһ˰𣺡ȥ¾ȥ
ҪűȥܣվڱŮ̲ס¶˵㾪ȵɫ
Ĭһ̣Ҫȥܡ
֪ӳͷȴޱȼᶨſ뿪ǰ¾˵ָɵ߾Ϊ˱ƽʹܿڴ뻹ǰܣȥңǶҪڿߣ粽롣
⻹ЩԥվԵŮȴӣ
⳯ȥ֮ʱֻŮԼȻǶпɿ˱ⰲȫġ
Ͼڸűرܵľֻһˣǰ·֪ʲô£СᶼЩԼΪδǰûпգûбȫİա
Ӿôһ£Լ˼֮󣬾ͷſ֡
ŮҲ֪ȫϣڣҪ»ᰭְš
һжҪԼ˼
תͷĿЩʿϡ
ʵϣǰɵԼߵԺʮ˶˽Լߵһ𣬾ͬĽ˹ϵ
ǸߣԸԼ֮ϢҪŴʱʮҲ԰æ
֮ܶڰŵʱûиپܾء
˳ĬЩڵϵĽ˵ɡ
ʮվ˵ˣԺǱҵĻʲôʱҪˣȥˣֻҪ˵һɡֻߵʱֻҵҵĹأһΥȫһȥ
ƽȴݿܡ
ʮӦǣ
ϻŽ·ҪĿؽ뱱ܣҪȻһװ硣
˸λãתȥĴ䡣

ڱ߾ֱ֮ʱǴҴҶ
ʹʹڻص˾ǣһ뾩УصϢ˾κˡ
֮ϣƢõĳԪŭİ
Ҳͬͬ顣
Ǽ˿ڿ˵Ǳǻʶɱǰιŷˣŷ˺ö˶˵վڳ֮ϣԪۺ䶼֤δ뿪
мȥЩ񣬸һգһʱӱܷɳ۵ȥȻֻ𣿣
һʱȺ飬ͬһսһɻ̸ܷͬС
лڼڷ˼ŷǶҷսӣĽڣӦȴ⣬Ȼ㿪ս֮ˡ
лڼϯЩʹ˵Ļ
˵ģսӹܼԺŷҵս񶼸ƣ˿ҪսҲӦ֮
Զҵս˵ķӦһΨⰵ
糳磬Ⱥڶȷһ¡Ƿ붫̸УŷǷ϶ǳԼϴɣһս޿ɱ⡣
Ѿݷ̫ãҪٴ¶Լʱ
ҶһʹŴҪǽ˵ϢǴսǹԮҪľǵɱʣȴս

ҹĻ٣鷿еƻͨ
Ԫϴһ˿ƣɫ
ϴ½ɽһսûԼ֮꣬һǵĵطսȼܵϡ
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ἯʮZͳ죬߾ݵƹܡ
ӶֵģǳԪȴȻͷۣΪܵĹ飬Ϊǵʮֵܷסʮһֳ
̧ͷϰԵԼ̫ξȴŷѾּ˿Ѿص¡ǮׯȥûʱȡĲ
Ԫ̲ס̾һȻ̫ξڣ
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ԼĺѽȻͼѴĳӣӶһͬż鷿С
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Ӷһµسĵһ
ƽ
Ԫ۱Ϊֻһȴû뵽ӡ
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Ӷл֮Գһͷʾ˵
£лڼԿԼĳԪ˵Ϊһ¡
Ȼ㽫ʹӭλĵƽ¶ᵽ֮˳Ԫۡ
ԪȫûԤϵϢ
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ҪԿң֮ϵܹһǿٺò
˵ȢǵĿҪȢԪҲԸ⡣
ĵڶӦǡôǱ⣿
ñԼĶϱȴôһѡԼǸôӦǲӦ
Ԫ۱ͷţȫ֪ʲôӦǡ
ԼZָ飬ǰ˶ܾˣ˵ֻŮƽ˳죬Ůҡ
Ըñ޵ôԶĵطȥ
һ룬Ԫ־յѡȨԼϣʴӸղžһֱĬŮô¸òôӦ
̧ͷԪۣΪһ˵ȻǲԸġ
˭ԸŮ޵ôԶĵطֻ³֮󣬵֪ټ档
Ǵ˵ǸôӦġ
Ԫ۵ĵһӦԼĳջظᵽ֮뵽׮ĺô
ҪǣƽԼĳ˵Ļ׮±Ըġ
µ۾ȻǵжӰİᰣȻԸʶҲԺвǳ֡
뵱ԼŮڸвһСѾߣڰпȥְ
һСŮڵʱ֪ԼʵݣӰСѾߡҲŵԡ
룬ĸûϳڻǸСѾߣͲᱻ°ȥң͸ϲСӰˡ
˶תתܹǰԵһԵ
ˣԼҲûʲôùǵġ
ڵǣⲻڴܣ֪ںδ
ŷȥѰûлҲûκѶǸھУͬһϳġŷµһ
ټŷȥ֮ǰͬԼ˵ĻҲûл֮ǰϡ
£ѹһѹ
鷿Ԫ۸лڼڵ˵
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ͣԪǰػǲڴӦˡ
ҲãԪ۵˵ͷ˵Ҳ벻ҪҪЮƽӦİŮУǻؾҲûʲô
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лڼԲ֪飬øʹܾҲʹ⣬Щ
ջصУ˵òڸУڄeׯϣһĸһͬϱչѧϰѾûлˡ
չҪר־Ҳȥţƽȥõ˼Ҳȥɡ
-

лڼʹҪսϢͬʱҲζųʹҵл޷
جĵеĻƲҵոǵǲѣ޷˯
Ϊˣ׵οϢҲˡ
˺ˡԣļοж࣬µġ
սնʹǶٱɣӦҲ˺ʹߵ
ϻ˫̥·Ѵ󣬶ԵñѰĸҪ࣬ϢҴο顣
ͬУʱ·СδԻţԾ֫ϸģ
˿̣ҲȰĸ˵öԣĸײӦ̫ǡǵʱƽĸΪѰˣҲҪ𡣡
ǵĻǿֹסᡣ
ĩˣûгȰ
Ŀϸɨ˿·ԼСϡ
֮󣬺ܿǸڵĺһļߵѩͷϡ
ѩӱͰ裬ι֮ҲûΪױˡ
ûжӱڴϾĵһӣʱֵĳ裬ѩڴ
ټѩ粻λģεƣ룬ֻһζؽȥڹߣǵԽġ
ڸУѩȻȴٵķȥҹ
һڽ븮֮󣬵ǰعԼӣûҪ˼Ҳѩʹ
ǣαռƣѩͥҪʧȥģҲǷ֮䡣
ķĺӣȻ
ֻοܵʱҪʱȴƫƫ
Ѿһʱ䣬װ̥Ҳһ࣬Ķȴһֱûж
Ҳ֪¼ǵеϸʱȴ˲ʡ
ƾʲôϱӵŮ˻˺ӣԼȴϣ
Ȼʣκܿͽ׿ˣշοҲΪ˿Ϣ
ܿսڼȻʱϱҪһЩȴûг롣
ŷʱ˼Ժ⣬ƿصȨʱ䵽ھڹС
˱Ȩ߾ȥZսʧȥһֱֻۡ
ҪΪȵһòȫ֮ˣZ㣬ͳһʧȥֱֻۣͻᱻųڵ֮ѡ⡣
ҲΪʲôܹλԭ
ѾΪ˭һ𣬿ʱƣҪZһķǵûеȥΪʶͬϱһ飬Խǿ
ĳ谮׾ʹѩ磬ڵѩϱӵлʲô
ͬϱһϲʱ򣬾ͻʲôϣһϲϱˣеֶᱻתƵһϡ
û˻ԶռеǸλá
ȡõʤһʱ˳ˡ
ǣּѹ֮뵽׹
Ȼҵ׹ĶǼٵģֻʵġ
ǰ̽ĹΪңֻܴͷʼ룬û˳ǰסķ㣬ֻҽڻ
ɹıڱׯϣлݶң׹һУ֮ľƶ᲻ͬ
ԱԸ񣬲ŷZܣлҲ״Ӷӳ
Ȼ˿ǶûжιΪ׹һĿĳţûбҵ
ϱһõ׹ͿӵиѡȨZҲʧȥһֱۡ
Ķ飬ZͿԽͬø
ԼΪζѰʱڣֻϧҲĸߣӦñģڻׯ𣿡
һڣͿ˹˵⻹ڱׯϣĸҲȥˣɱš
ԭˡ̾һ˵ʵҽʱܼһ棬Ͼҳ֮Һһֱûټ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴڲ˻⣬˵ĸҪķſģĸɩУƣȥһߡ
ǰ˳Ļ˵͵԰ȥߣɢɢġ
ᣬͷӦˡ
ʵûʲô飬ȥܱһֱҪá
Ǵ뿪ԺӣŻ԰ķȥ
ǰ棬߶Ѿ߷ţںҲˡ֮תΣظԼһξ룬ٶûҪʲô˼
ȻǸģóԼķ뵽һ֮ǰ̥Ĵţǰã¿δûб顣
԰ԶԶĳйâһ
ԼˮľǸʱ׹ϵĻпܾڳˡ
ϵĿҲͣƮҶĳϣڳرų˵Ҷһˮ
ε˵һصУܼʲô飬ǳһȥء
һᣬҲˣ˵һؿŻˡ
·ɢעǰǰ˸Уϱ˵䣺εȥҿɲ֪
һ˵ţһ߻ͷһۣʵʱǸʲôѾͷ̰ˣ
Ҳǡʱˮ˵һ顣
ֲˮǻػǶ˱ڡ˵ǱҵĻҶվˡǴ֮ҶʧһΣôҲҲţÿÿ;ÿϧ
˵ˣϧǸ⼸˳һ̰ɣҵ˾͸͹ȥ
׹ӦûʲôӡҲ˲ϹС£̳Ҳһ¡
һϼƣһЦ˵ǾʹɩˡᵽԼ֮󣬻ûлظסĵطȥһ
ȻҲӦʣֳԺȥ
εԺӸ԰ĳľ룬˵иΪݶҵӲĵýƣߵһ߲ˡ
״α˳Ǵɩĸ׸ĸϢҶȥһˡ
ԺԺӸһȻûסҲ˶ʱȥɨοľҲûμȻ˵Իȥ˵ͷ˵ȥɡ
ǣԼԺȥ
ߵԺ棬ߵŮ˵šȻԼһ˽ȥ
Ժ֮ǰһһһľûб
һͥɨصŮϳæ
ȥɡζһ֣Լߡ
ЩŮ˳ӵ£ԼڳǰסԺ߶ĿڳסķϣβһƳͲջĿ⡣
ڱⲻڸУ̫Ҳȥ˱ׯϾﲢıʲô˴š
ԼϤĵط߹һ飬ѰЩ֮׹䣬ֻصԼķ
ʣµһһϸϸزҹϧûн
ڴߣҲ⡣
ԺһҲûУֻŮ档
γһ׹ܵʲôطŴԼķ˳ȥ
ߡ
ԼŮǰ߹ֵ뵽طȥתһȦŻصϢĵط
ʵȥԺӿôôڲŻ
εĶȻ죬Ҳȥĳһʱ䣬ʵΣ£һʱ񡣡
ѾûǰǰʧŮ޵Ѱ˼ңˣСסҲʲô⡣
ֻڼ޵ǻӣ¶Ȼ뿪
ڿŵλԺŵҪˣҪһķѾΪҪ˼һЩ
ӦǣŮԺжʱʱŲƷ͵үá
ͷƬ̣Ѿƽϲ¶ȥ⣬Ҳͳʱǣ

 279 
Ҫ̵Ϣһ, ʹѹ־ۻᶼˡ
Ҳնûл, δ֮, վͽӵ˴һϻӣ֮ŵһֻ
ȻûʲôΣϻӹο˿ˣŷԸӿⷿѡ˻˻ȥ
֮䣬Ǹ߶ԺٻѰ׹䣬Ҳͷ
, ߵŮ˵С㣬԰еľջã⼸նæˣյϾȥͻ, һߡ
Ϊ붫֮ս, æڵ󷽸ִ, ЩҾȻҲҪ
νԼαǮ˾ܿҪ붬ʱ붫ڱ߾սҪϺʿȻҪް
ԺеŮȥ˽ճɵ޻, ʼΪ߹صĽʿһ¡
Щ, ȻֻĬĬ, Ⱥѩһȥڹ밲ʱ򣬱㽫ԼЩӶʲô˵һ顣
óԪʱڹ֮ʹΡ
ӵĲ䣬ڹãԺȻҲã
ЩЧԤƵĲ࣬ѩԱı飬Ҳξ˼Ȥ
˿Ůһ˵ðɣȥ԰תһת
Ůȡϡ
δţߵŽصĻ԰УӰ͸ۡ
ԼŮԵҪϲӻ֮ѡ˼迪úõָС㿴
ߵһջǰȥذĻ䣬۽ǵͼԶѩ硣
Ϊѩ紩޻ɫεҪ۵Ķࡣ
ֱͬڻ԰ԼվԭͬԶԶһ
ѩһü
ڼҪ̣ѩĸҾԽأ⼸ն̬ȶˣȥεԺ֮ǰȥҹ
ѩ罫Ƿ򸾺ͺãԼףָֻ˴ǰǰֺ
ֻڿѾ˸ǸոҪ޾ɺãֻԶԶͬԼҲʰҪȥѵʱԵŮ̾ס
ѩŮԼүҪ
үҪڲ˸ͻ
οҪ̣Ҳʮֵã˵ĸҪ£ġ
ʱεĵүŭʵڲǡ
ԼŮס͵͵ʹѩסŭֻٿ԰ɫҲ÷ƣת˵ߡǰԼŮ뿪ˡ
վԭأȥӰ߷һĨЦݡ
û뵽ⱲûΪʱڷԼĿɽѩҲҪɵ֡
ãҲЦ⣺߰ɣͤȥ
ҪȥͤŮȥãϲ㣬ְϲ١
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Ůŵ˺ܿͤӲһ˲㣬ȡ٣¯
ͤţǴԼԺȡٵŮûһ£ǿʵվʲô£
ĿһŮϣ΢΢üǰŮЩм
оʵĸԺźģ
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ʶתͷΧȥ԰оȻһҲûУԼŮҲûл
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ζʱеǴǧ֮ѹ޷
оŮ޸֮ȴθƶԼеˡ
Ůʵ㵽˭
ɫŮҲóֻ΢΢һЦȻſ˵˻
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˻˺ôĵӣʱ򻹸ҵܵľڴܸˮͲ»صԺĹ˺𣿡
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˵ﶼ˵ĵʶҼ䣿ֻڲضҼǲҵǱҲġҽҪҼ̸ͬһ׮
ɫ䣬ȴһڸЩմϹϵͨѹ
ڲҪǵֶԸ˭ǵһȣƫƫȴаѱơ
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οĿȫϣʵȴΧ
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ϱս½ּ֮󣬴ڱҴ壬Լ֮λˤһ̣зֺԸƼһĻݣаһӿĽɫ
Ů˵ΪЩ飬棬ʲôô
ôˡŮ˵Ԫļ̳߿ɲѵϣүܹһҲˮǴ𣿡
вмĪ˵һܵĺ֮ҲΣ
޶ԣŮиֳһ˿֮ɫȻЦıʲôҪбǲǣǱܱǶҵ̤ƽˣıҲʵֲˡ
γŪѵǺܹסܳ𣿡
ŮȻȻԣվ̸ͬҪ̸ʲôأ
μ˵ţߵԼǰеĿԼѹȸУֱ塣
ŮҼҲҪܸ𣬴ܵĻʵۻһܶǶҸ׳ƳģһҲûбҪȥˣ𣿡
˵ҪܳΪǶҵĸˣЩСһ
΢΢ϱǲԸΪһ˲ٿصĿܣԲŸѪսס
ս飬ûŷZҲһֱֻۣսһͿء
ǱܿԱֻǳΪҵĸҲδɡ
ǵĸٻǧȥҲûʲôá
ţָԼڻûжСϱɱԼĶϻλʱҪĲ
ŮԹɫм⶯ʱصҼҪҲԵģҪĲŷ̫ξֻҪͷ
Ҳ⣬֪˾Ҫŷ
ϱǳɹˣⱲӡҲ⡣
ȺǴﲻĿľĲݡ
˼ŷ̧֣ͷǰˣŮЦص￼ǵΣ
ȷϵĿӦҵ£
Ůڷɶ˸ѹȸУ˵Ȼ
á˵˲ΪһսҸߵһ֮ǰȸǺסԼ˵
ﵽĿģŮȥνסȵȡ
Ůͣס˽ŲĿʣҪǣͬϵ
ŮһȻ˵ﲻǣҪʲôʱȻ㡣
˵վԭس˸תͤȥ
뿪֮԰ﻹû˳֣νսȭ
ϲֱƿصĸо
ȻΧһ˶ûУȴⰲĻ԰ҲƴߣڰضԼ
ɱԼĸף³ҪȴΪһͼôƿеϷ
첽ԼԺȥȻصԼ֮󣬲żԼŮſϡ
һӰǰ
ŮзӦ֮ǰ룬Ůˣ㽫Լ
ûС
Ů¶˶ת
ûβ֪ԼǸһǸʧ
ҡŮ۾ɻǡ
ֱ壬̧ͷˮվǰΣʱվеС㣡
οʵôſţ
ū澡ǵԼҪȡɲ֪Ϊʲôȴ˯ŵŮŬͣū澲ǹҪ͵ģֻǲ֪ΪΡ
ǰŬţʧȥʶ֮ǰļȴͬһһҲ塣
ˣˡοƬ̣˵
ЩҪֽţλ˷֣ŬҲûá
̧ȡϵıӸԼһˮ֮󽫱صطϡ
ŮԼ˵ȥɡ
Ӧһǡشӷ˳ȥ

¡Ǯׯص
ŷеĻͭԿײȻһƣڵص׽յһӱˡ
һ򿪣ĻѾԶжѻĲƸ
ڹȥգͷʹĹ⣬صĽƱǰӭж⡣
վ󣬴ŻͭԿʹԽ˽ȥһͬȥĻǮׯ¡
Խ˵Щ鱦ֻȡ˷ʮװ黭ϻӡ
ɫ۵ŷû˿֮ɫ
常ȥѾȥʱգϢڰǰͶϾˡ
ζʲôŷʮټ϶ҷĿսźţ͸ƶЩ˷ŷ١
һЩʱգȻæ¡ǮׯʽתŸβĿ˾ڽϳＯʽͨ¡Ǯׯķֲžл۹
ͬʱפڽϵļԺԱϱ˳Ƶǵ֣ڽ鸻֮سＯ˽ݺͱԴԴϵС
ֱⷬʣŷԭΪԼ常Ӷһˣֻûлؾֱȥ˽ϡ
常ľûеһʱŷҲǿġ
ϾµԼ棬ŷһμҲûʶǸͬһ常
ȵǰ常վ񣬻ˣŷŷӦ常Ϊܵ뿪׼
ҪһڣҪ뿪ȥҵʱߵ˸ɴࡣ
û뵽ƶ常֮󣬾ʹӽ常ȻְƸһѻͭԿ׽С
ζԵԺһвǰѻͭԿζԵ¡Ǯׯһʽ
ʱж
ʲô˼
ͬǰŷԺһŷѡԼļ̳ߣһҪһнĻͻὫƴԼļС
ŷȴһ˿룬⽫Լǰʹ常ǲڽϣ
Խϵʹ˵Ǹִ˵ƵŮӡ
Ůӡ֣ŷڸеĻҲϨˡ
⽫ͻ˵˵ˣǰŷڣ̤ʱϻΣҲýΡھУѻͭԿףŷ˻¡
䲻ˣǻΪסܡ
ŷĶ죬տ常Ӵȥǰңδһ
Уûʲô常飬ԼΪļ߲еһѵµһƥǣǲ׽ӹΡ
Ǹαװŷʱվһԡ
ŵûж࿴һۣ׵ŷҲǽеĻͭԿףûȥ࿴
ã˲ʵ常źںδ
常ҪˣҲܱڻҰҪ
ʹȴɵص²֪ŮǴŮǰϵģߡûŷ˵ĺǡ
ŷĻָ״̽
常磬ʬǶܴشᡭˣҪͬ塣
ʹӱޣӽϸԼĶ֮󣬾ִʮ黭ҹŽȥ
-
ǽeׯ̫֮ׯϵӾ͸ӰЩ
ׯϵĿʮ¶¶棬ҲòŵģϾ̫
Ҫս鴫ʵһҹ˯˯á
ڶҵ飬֪ˡ
Щʱգⲻ¶ʱʵ̫ˣЩķǻԲЩȴܲܡ
ڽͬԼĸ˵Ժ̫뿪˱ׯϡ
һǸȣûɱڲׯϡ
ׯӭ˿ˣ֮ǰ̫߱⣬һϵġ
ϳһˡ
īϰ屾кȲ裬һͷ˲豭λ֡
˽һ²⣬һ˵Բǻкüôôˣҿʽ֮ǰҲұͽܵġ
֪ϰҽΪΪ
̧ˣԼҲ
ѩ裬˸㡣
ʱǱ״򲻶Ҫϰʱ̣Ժ˭Ҳ
ԶѩŻϡ
֮󣬻û£ҲվīĶ˵ЩʱĲƽŴ£Ż֪
ʲô֪ģϲΪȻһղ飬һûȥЩ¡
豭ҪȲ裬ϰ˵ҿŽ˺Щ黭øҺж񣬾˵ջҪٰһЩ黭
Ͽһۣôһ˵Ͼ֪Ϊʲôôˡ
²豭ʵⲻ¥⣿
ϰ¥һ£Щ黭Ŀ˾档
˵ţóһĿŻϵ˹ȥ
ֽӹŽɵشһдŵЩ黭¼ʱüëһ
Щ黭Ŀŵģ
ˣϰս˼֣Ǳߵ˵Щ黭ġ
һվ
ʱ򵽽ȥѹβƸģŷ˭
ŷűˣ
ϢܣϣŶϰҲø˳˼ִ֣Щϸڳ
ϰϢԭǾûϻȤôĿŵƹЩٴʦһ᲻ˬû뵽ķӦȴԼĲһ
һ߰еɻһ߽Լ֪鶼
֣Ѿȷһ룬һŷˡ
ͻڻҪŲ뿪ھҪȥһıŮǲǻúõģŷûжĳŵ
Լ֪鶼ˣϾûģϰҲǲԹɫеĲ豭ʱҲˣҾ͸ˡµϢǵòīҡ
һվŶѩһ֣ʾϰȥ
ѩϰţһϰ˵ԼԣȥѩͲסеļȹڱСŻϻվԭأǰϣǲǡǲǱ⣡
ֿ죬վǰĻ⣬˶
̧ͷ¶һѵɵЦݣ˵ҿ˳
仰ѩɴ⣬ֺʮؿڣڤڤелӷǷ汣ӣ汣ӡ
Ժ̱ʵȥ¸̫
̫ڱׯϣΪ˱İΣҲݷϣܹƽ
ȰϢ̫֮ȻᰲȥϲѶү
ԭͷתһֽס
ѩͣ˶ԵؿֵٵȵȰɡ
ȱŷȷеϢٽ¸̫
˵ѩҲӦˣǰȥ̫ͬ㱨ͷȴ˶Աδϣ

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߾ѩƮ, ҹоִ֮󽫱߾ؾ
һûʽʼ, ǳɸӪ۹ʮ֮, ڻΪ˳սӸжԱ
Ϊʮͳ, ZԼİѲ߾һƬѩãã, ܿ춫ҵͻƬѩ֮гɱΪͳ˧, ĵĲǵ֮ĵһǿ, ʿͶȱԴ
ϴսףǳ˴Щʿ֮, ʣµʿϴĿ׶ʮֵĲ, ʱӿⷿȡģƴûеֵĹܡ
ټѩأЩ¶֡ZѾŴʱЩ£õĲһʣµ־ֱ, Ҳһ
ԼʿֵЩõ¶ָʿ, ԼֻЩ־Ƶ, ɼ, ȵļҲ֮ͬЩֲ֪ôӺδ
¡ѩУĸͳߡ
ZϻͷһۣҲͬԼһ㣬һܿ뷢ѩմȾ
콫ͬǰ˴һк콫Լа벽ľͣ£ȻZ˵ү￴ʲôⳡ̸ô򣿡
Zߵľɲͨ£Щµʿֻλͳүƺ
ǴܵĻӣҲǵĴ󽫾
Z˵ǡ
ֿͬеĲڷѩ֮ԳһȻ˵µ顣
²ǵľڱ߹أ˵Ǵ̣ܹúõػѡ
һ̻ǳ־սúܼѣϣʿܹػڿս֮ǰΪʵĶȱ߹صĺ
콫ĻҲſǰķѩԱ߹صؾ˵ķѩģֱ춼ͣ£ѩΧЩ֣붫ҵһսУȴǴ˼Ӱ졣
ҲֻܰοZں󷽣ŷ̫ξڣԸＯǵ¶ȱܾˡ
Ը˰ɡ˵콫ҪȰҪڷѩУصȥִһ󼱴ٵĽŲһġ
˶תͷȥZһ·ˣѩй֮Z콫¡󷽵͵
Zһʵʲô
һ£ǧѾһף·ϡ
Ϣ˾һ콫϶ͬ¶ϲɫΨZԵñ˶ƽҲܿһϵ˵ߣȥ
콫Ӧһǡͬתͷ˾ڷѩ֮гӪرۣŵҲѸٵسȥķȥ
صӪУZѾУȻеʿЩͽʱ򲢲뿪Լĵطǵͳȴǰ಻ס
¹ٵľУССʮͳۼ˷ܵؿѩ̿ʣZһͼڴϵºǰǧѾı
ʵ̫ˣǼбȥõֵ˶̲ס󣬸µĺʵ
ȴһ˵ʱ˻̲סֳȻ˵õҲǽʵ
ңһѾȲѵԼϴķ˸ַƵ£͹´ΪЩԵЩ
˼ֽţžϲ̧ͷ˵ѱҷ˸ҷĻã͹һģ
ǶǡھвǸСĹ٣ôλһӿԼЩͷˡ
¿øոպãͷ۵߾פȥٱǷ֣ںˣһܶһ
Ҳ⣬ʵ̫ˣõǽյ޻ޱʵȻ˶ҪԼʿ
ܹѾˣǰЩַȥ־ֱģµģȻҪԾɻ£Լʿܶ
ٿЩ۹ġ˶ͳŲͬŵͳ죬ǿԼ񣬾֪϶һ
£ǰǧϺõıһףɽ󰡡
ԼԡЩ˵Ŀ£ͬˮ֮УʮӳȥǷ䣬ͼһ𣬴Щѩ
ʮͳ˧󽫾츱ͳ˽
Zһپ̴վԭеУڴײ鿴Ľ̸װõλͳԪ˧ˣҲ̰
һˢˢعһأгƵμԪ˧
ZȻͷߵոڲ鿴Щʵͳ̶ŶΧ˵Ԫ˧㿴¡
Ǵµͳ콫ױƵľٵǰȻԷZʵ̫ˣʿǴţһᰤ
Ԫ˧ʣµļҲѧԼϵıǰZг޲ͣ
ZĿЩľӹȻֿһ飬ŽĿͶ˾١
ΪԪ˧ˣЩͳ˾ͻȥΪԼľ٣Ԫ˧ԼЩͳҲˢˢؿԼʱһҪʲô
Ԫ˧˿ǧҪɽӻظԼԼ֡
ţZ˵ЩʿǴӾǼӼ˹ģ
оٶȼ죬ЩֻǵִԳգZΪⶨȻǴӾмӼܹѸ٣Щ±׵֮ã˳Ծ⣬롣
Ƕ̶ʱҲƲôֻ࣬ΪŷôϷطЩ
û뵽¹ȴ˵Ԫ˧ЩʲǴӾġ
ǴӾ
Z⣬Щͬһ뷨ͳ仰ԺҲ̲סʡ
ɼȻǴӾģǲǾ֮ͬǰפйأ
иӣԲͳʵǴģ
ˬһڣ˾Ͷˣĵ⣬ҶӦһ￴ŨüۣҺʵȻôļƣ
ҪǴǱģԪ˧ÿϣȰѶǣ
ǡѵֲ̧˲˵
ǰӶʱЦȥ֮мʵǴģZҡͷ
΢΢ü˾УųǼλͳ˵ĵȷʵ²пô;ʹĵطû뵽ǡ
¹ǼȥվԪ˧Ҫͷˣæ˵ЩǴӽġ
ϣ𰸣ֶ׷һ
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ٿZλͳϵɫ̽ŵѺھУûлȥԪ˧Ҫȥһ
˼ȻûߣȻҪһġẔáȻԾ¹˵Ƚ·û쵽µľʿС
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Zһڣⷢ¾ݣȷЩûõµľʿܲЩͳ뻻顣
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ĿZ츱ͳ뿪жЩɺҪһأںˣûˡ
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һȵϻӪԼŴһȵ£õĸˣûԪ˧µҪ滻ҲȸӪ滻ǣ
һ˵˾ˡԪ˧ԼĻӪŴһȵ£ҪŻʲô
Ǳ˴˿ŴҶûУеҲƽˣֻߴгȥ̲ס˵οû뵽˭Щͳģ
ܶӡвôһˣҪӽЩҸڳɲô򵥡
Ҳ֪滹᲻ټͶ
ôЩȻ࣬ǶԽ˵ԲǵļޣͿջԶأ֮ټԴԴϵ͹ⳡܴ̾ˡ
ǵľԴԴϵ֧֣ʮȻ࣬ȴ뿪սǵķԱսǰǵĹʮǧԶݸϣҲŲ˶á
뿪ļλͳȴϴЩЦݣǺǷֵٵģֻܹһһ㣬û뵽Ԫ˧һ仰Щõ¾ҪȽˡ
Ƕ˾پ͹֮ſڷֱ׼ȥԼıǺܿͻϺõ´ˡ
Z츱ͳУ˴ӽѺʹˡ
ǸеЩ⣬ŵһ꣬Ȼŵ͵ȴڲסҵ̡
Z֮еȴվͬZһ񣺡̻Ὧۣү
Ͻңǽϵľ޼֮ңӵнϵ˺Ŀأ̻ǽϵĸϽɵ̻ᣬһμһ᳤̻
ѺЩ߽صӽۣйȻûˣǼٲݡ
Z̸Ȼɽ˹˸е⣬ǣͷٽ̻֮Ҫһ㵹׾ٵġ
ѺЩʹԼھֵľѺͣܶͬΪ;ݻһ·ͨУôʹӽ˱߾
һνЩƽҲҲ
ͬĸ׽һʮƣǰʲôˣǡôĹ񣬲
ZӦȵ˵Щֻ֮ʱȣֻЩʣ滹еڶ½󽫾ֿңΪսһ
츱ͳ⻰̲ס¶һı顣̫ˣн֮صĶǴûк֮ǡ
ʮܹ䱸õıףʮǴܶҲԲһ֣
ZĻ˵ʿл̡
ܹͳ콭̻ѸӦＯʣܹģֻнһˡ
˵ȴ΢΢һЦֵүһлҸ𡣡
ⷴӳZϣZʵĪνٲǽ
۵ѵǰҸȷʵ뷨ֻ̻ȴ˶롣Ҫ¡ףҽһܣǵϡ
̿ȼգ⣬ľУΪ˽ʡ̿˶ֻ̣ΪůıѩγĶԱȡ
ۼֻɼҸ˵ǣܹЩ͹Ҳ¶Ǽ֮ˡ
ս֮ʣЩһһת
Zʵ˵ʹý̻ĵˣ
۵ͷȴûֱ˵˭һ£˵ү֪̻Уǳϲⳡƴɱ֮⣬ϲղعŶ桢黭漣
ZͷˣٹˡҺղЩΪϲãԻϵĵλ⣬¥ôһᣬŻôĶ
۵ǰЯһ黭ϣ̻ͨһ
ʱZѾٴ׼ǰ߾ˣԽϢȻǲҺýҲҪ֪Щֻǽ˵ĵд黭ͬZ츱ͳ򵥵˵˵ű㽲ⳡᡣ
黭ҪĲǮԴǽҵĿأٱҵұһҸǰҪϽ֮Ϊ߾Ԯʡ
ڸҶԣλص黭ҪĶ˵ʲô֮£ҪǵұһʹڣԼ˽ԭˣҲҪļ˵ʵȡ黭Ҫʵݡ
ⳡڽϾеʮ˳ҶõԼҪ黭黭Ҳɹؼ˽̻֮ڶ̶ʱھ͸Ƴ¡ǧһס
ZĻҲ˵յʺ֮ҪԴԴϵ͹ʣǳһ˵ֱʣгһЭã̻᲻Ǹ黭һνס
ѹָոлʱҪ˵Լĸ׵һл
츱ͳ̲סʵ黭ˣӿ
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ҲZʵģŽۣ΢΢һЦȻԤԼ˵Щ֮ZȻ黭˵
˵ȻҸоɼλΪҸҽεġ
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ǳȥZóһѡˣǼһ㣬ȫûдˡ
ֻʽۣλԼδ
룬ˡ

ǰ߾Ѿȥ˽£еµҲԽĽܹģǰֻǲָŴ󻧵ŮԷؾǮйͷ˺󹬵һöȣΪǰߵʿ¡
󳼵ŮҲ׷Ч»ʺ֮٣˲ƽյǲҲˣΪǰ߷¡
ΪѩʮֱֵҲΪ֮Ŀŭǣڴʱȴ
ûжʱ̬Ǯ£ʱȴһתɽȥҩȻȥĴ취ռҩģտŴʦҩƳΪҩ͵ǰȥ
˾ٴӮйĿ佱ѪѩķͷԽԽ
ȻõĶεĵһģһһǲõĽȴһѩлˡ
߰ʵ
ѵþۼ֤˽͵ķ⣬ΧΧвϵʱҲ̲סһصϣɶ񣡡
պò״Щ߻нųһ͵øеĹŮǶͣ˵Ц
һȺѩ£ѩ类ָ֮֮дҲΪ˸ǻû޵ģҲѾס
ǰͬڼߵýǵķҲһѩˣǵȻҪϽԿοġ
˵ͬʲôǸңֲŮԲҪЩͷүģе
ԣɲ֮ǰˮ֣ʧ⣬Ŵʩ࣬Ϳóлιļˡ
ѩ¶м
ȷʵ˵ֻԲ˳ŮȲϵŮҪΪǰΪӪЩֶʸ
⾩в͸ǽôڸ֪˶֪ˣֻԼ֮һƣԲŻʧ˱ġ
£ѩԽ⡣
Ÿʲô취ȥȥл⾩жһݵķͷԵĵ̾һ˵˵Ҳȥ㾡þ˼ҲЩСС֣뽭ϵһλһȣлЩʲô

 281 
һ˵, ˶ЩӴӽϴϢ
Ǻճʮ黭˽̻ǰߵŮ, Ǿ˲֪, ˲
˵һ붫ҶԿͬܽˣһŮӣȻڴľΪܾӳＯʣʵǳѺı׼
һ˾ͷ׷˵һȣ˵лˣǽҾȥǮһ, ҲȲϰ
ҡĹŮ˵ǱߴϢ, ʮ黭ȡ˽̻, ڽһǧռҩˡ
ⲻл£Ļ, ˶һ, ȻЦ
ѩ۾һת, Ҳͬˣͬ£Ůڽǲһ, ιâᱻڸǹ
лλ뿿һͻ, ̴̫ˡȻ, ˶, ŮӴлεݣ˵ĵ˱ѣȻҲ˳Щ
ѩ翴ԼԵˣ˵ϢͨʲôϢûУ
ȻˣⱻʵҲûٲ˽ֻ⽭ϵĶȻܴǵĶǹȻҲ֪ˣѾּٽҪúüһʱʺٲҪڹнӼҪȥʱŮһվٰлǰһƣǱȸߵͣ
˵꣬ԼŴԳԵЦ
ðѩ۾һ˵ġ
һᵽȴֵѹлεķͷ˵һʯһ˫
ѩţҲ̲סֳЦ⣬ָûţ۾εԺڵķֻ޲ǸŮӸϽεˡ
鷿УڱѩڴŸǵͷβû˼ȥڱ˵ԼʲôҲûж࿴ŹĶֻ˿ⷿԼڵʱ鷿ʼڷСط
ռ֮շת˼գסϱ֮Լʧȥĳ谮ǱζԴģټZѾ˱߹أʧȥһֱֻ۵ҲԽԽڻ¶˾붫ʽס
û׹䣬ûаٷ֮һٵİܹסZֱֻۣܾץõĳ룬ҽ׵ʱҪǲҪZ
ǶŮٴγǰʱαӦҪ׼ҪȥѰϢֻһ鱨ԼͿԵõŮҪȥҵ鱨֮вܿġ
ߣζĻŸдЩ鱨ĵطʮҶˡ
ܿҵԼҪĶǷŴ򿪿һ飬֮󣬾ְŵԭŻŷȻٽⰵºϣ֮鷿뿪ֻǶŮԼǰˡ
򾲵ػصԺУʲô鶼ûԼŮ衣Ůæȥ˲һΪϣһ˵С㣬ͻ𽽻ŮЩ˵Ļ
õԼҪϢ˸̸еĳ룬ɣ豭һڲ裬ԿԼŮһߣµӦѩڻ԰˵Լˡ
Ů²豭ĵʵ˵ʲô
˵СǰЩ鶼ǰ׷ĻԼ˵²һһʮ˵˵ǽǸŮѾּҪٽ˵ֻҪһСǰЩ¶ᱻȥ
ں棬˵ҪڹгĻǽŮûڸĿŵ̫ͣãǰͷĻ֮ʹҴ뿪Ժûܸ
ŮҪӽϹˣ⵹һõϢ룬ϱӡûôһˣǰҲڽԼصʮ黭ȡ̻߹صŮӵ飬ͶԲϡòԲϣҲԲϣҪΪڽδֵıˡ
ͷΪЩ飬ȷʵõʱֻѾǴܵĿҪЩûҪҪݣȥ
ıʣΪⱲͬܽ˵Եʰɣ˲ŻᵽЩ¡
Ůص˵һˣЩΪʲô
ū澲֪ŮΪŸոڱ˵ԼӶأ⧲رʵֻŬ룬Ȼ˵Ϊ
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˳ղŵĻŮ룬˵ҪΪ٣ŮӵĻΪ˼ˣ
˵ͿνΪ˭ˡ
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Ԫ鷿ӡӡµ֮¶һɫȻеŵݸͬ鷿е㿴
ǰӳԪнӹţĿһɨҲͬ¶֮ɫ
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ʹһܵı߾ڱ߾֮ͣ˴ܣ˽ȥ
ڽΪǳԼԸҲԴܵĽ֮⡣
ݣû̫עĿֻڳԪ۶Ҫ뾩ˣŷôһŹȽݹ·
ֻһԪҪӭӵĹͲһˣϾǴģѵʱ̣˴֧֣һʽҪġ
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ⲻĺӣıڲ֪ںδ֪Ƿ˼䡣
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ڶϳԪ۱ڳϹ˴£ҪĽӴλǹơ
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ֻ˵һϢǶѩ˵ȴǸá
濤ôٿ˼ѩ˴ϣһȥгСӣһ泰Ц
лγǰлȥ޺ôһ뿤Ķ߹һͷѩ缸лεٿղա޲Щ˵лŪˡ
ֻϧ̩ڱׯѧ۾ִﾫµ棬ԼҧһڵĹ⣬λĺͬʱлǰϵıһ˼
£һ֧ӳžǵķȥΧͬʮŸͷĻȻſȥʮͨϵȴͬ档
ҡεУչ˴ӼԺš
Сصܣڽͣ˰ʱ䣬ѾԼԺЩֶθ˽⣬Ҫ뾩мԺϢ׾١
⿴ϵţӵɫŮԣȴûԼֽӵдʲô
Ѻÿ
ŮĻӦһǡְ̧ѳŵ¯ŵĺŲˡ
ְŷ¯ϣǰɫֽһ򣬺ܿһ֣ⲻƴֽȼվܿ컯˻ҽ
ŮŰĺŻ¯ϣԼո濴Ϣ
ιȻûʶƼԺɳˣǵ˴ǰҹɣǰһƷˣԥ˼֮һ̤Ϊ壬Ӧͬ˺ΪǵȡϢ
סϹвʲô
δݳϢȻҲûдΪĶȥһݴظ˱⣬һֱӴԺŷ롣
Ϊǰһ֮ŷжһֱимݸмܳΪƻе⡣
ҪεĿ
ֻǸҪȴڱԤ֮⡪Ҫ˲ս˼Z
ϲZһӶûҲͬϱһѾ޸ѵʼջûзZ
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ⲻûпܡ
ͬģʱȱҪ٣ĺ֮ҲȱҪ࣬ȻҪܷա
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¡Ǯׯ
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ӵԽϵ֮λ˵ķԸεϢݣһݷϣһϽСŷˣŵʱ򣬰Ĺ̴ͷβ޾ϸػ㱨
Ϣ֮Сŷ˵ɫʮֵѿڽֽ̧֮ͷԼ˵ĻÿһֶǴƳһλ˵İţʲôʲô
ǼףΪԼڸ鱨Ǽй¶ȥЩ鱨㱨һݵԼֻҪǽλҪȥ
ǣµŮӸɴӦһ
ŷȥɡ
ȵٴʣһˣѹֲסŭ̧ϵһֻϴͳŵϺݺݵȥأ죬Ƭɽһء
ŷеŭȻûȴסԼûټϵĶ
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ŷУûʲôǱθõģ֮дʲôϢֻ常Լȥ飬鵽ϣŷҲûоЩӰ쵽Ρ
ֻǡֻǵͨѹ֤ݳǰʱŷڼǸͬ¹һӰԼǰѡ
常˵Ļᣬһѹŷ룬˭ҲȲϵġ
֪常ΪɱŷоѾж˶ΪУǸ΢մϹϵģҲ
ολǴǰ͸йϵֻ΢һ̽Ҫٴͨѹŷ˵϶Ǹڴ˿̳顣
ıԵĲֻŭ𣬻кԼϹ
ŵǶˣԼ常Ŀ棬ƭȥǵȵʱԼְ֮ѡԼܸɴɱ
ŷһվֱȻ˳󲽳ȥ
ˡ̸ʵҪȥҪ׼𣿡
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ŷҲ֪ԼҪȥֻǲټڷյĿռ
ˣҲûٶʣֻĬĬظϡ
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յȻңȴֻ˸оůڵģ·ɢ˽͸䡣
ŷûгɣԳǰȥ
ŷӣ·ȴ常ȫһ
常ȻڳжϵʱЩ̻ȴԸŷһ
ŷ벽ĴҴң·ӱʲôһ㣬Ҳֻܼӿ˽Ų
ۿҪߵףŷ˴ߵдŲһվͳǸ˹ȥ
Ҫҵʲô۵ййеŭ𣬵ȴԼתǣĵط֮еĺ͸ˡ
ϵĵ̵ĺţЩĵģ̵ϰ嶼ںŵͰСҲԣЩʣĸ㡣
ԭûð˭Ҫˣȴмպȶ˵åƦڴ⼸̵ĺõĳԵС
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ǲˡٲˡ
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ǼССӣΪûжԣñͬСåƦΧţ޷֮
ǼåƦһ߳Ǻݺݵߴһ߷Ц˵Ҳ͵ԣҲ͵ԣ
Ǹ缸ĵ̣ЩСؤȻҲ
ŷһﻹ߬һ㣬ûǿ˳ȥæȥûͱһƦһŲϡ
ӡʹһҪȴǵƦȵġ
ֽֿеӣ⼸åƦЦøˡ
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ŷ뻹ûж˾ͷһŭȣס֣컯յ۸Сʲôôսɱҹȥ
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ȻͬԼһΪСĿҽѭġ
ŷһ۾ϳ˽ƽ
ճ߾ֻһѾߣѾﻹż㣬֮⾹ûˣҲ嵽
ֻϳ˽ƽЩåƦȴϵ
ֻǼôһСӴŸѾ߾͸ֹǣ˵עתƵ˽ƽϡ
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ԣүǺүǾͷЩСؤԺŵ̺ûҪĵĳԡ
ƽ˫ۼֱҪһȴ˪
ݺεȹأﾭ裬Ѿ߼⼸ϴžåƦسǿ̺С㡭ûд˳ǿܡ
ǽƽȴʲô
ԽЩåƦŵЩĺӣĿԽķŭ
ѾԿҪȰͼӺ󷽷ɫåƦݺһڵأûͰεذһ
˭˭͵Ϯү
Щ޺һһåƦˤðǣ˭֪ԱֻţݺݵزϣǰǵһҪճΡ
㡪
ȿסǵʲôԺЩåƦιȥ̾ͱˡ
󡢴ˣ
ǷӦͿʼ֪ðļԺԱģ󡢴
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˲תЩԭߴСؤ໥վηؿС
ȻǶǧҪЩԺˣ˵Ѫ飬ֻǼԺɱ˻ЩСпԺĹԱЩﱻȴװûпִҴ뿪Ҫϼٱ
ƽСּŷӶ߹⼸åƦǰվ
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ЩԺɱ˻ЩؤѲɻ᲻Լ
ŷ֣߹ʱҲϳ˿̼ޱЩåƦǹܵģ
ûСû֣ˡ
СļֻǡֻЩĹ˵ۣԲš
ŷ뻹û˵ƽȥˡ
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ŷ뿴Žƽ, ʮȥ˶˵
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, Ҫٴ⼸ؽе, ǡǡ
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СǣΪǳͷ˵Ļ
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СͱȽϴֱסͱȽСģοǣȻеǰⱻסһ̧ͷͼԭΪѾ뿪ŮֻصǰһĻǸŸѾߡ
һ߽СؤǾŵϴܰ㣬ͬϸֻӵζγԱȡ
ȫ֮𣬽ЩӲˣԼѬ
ǱǽҲ˲ȥ
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ŷЩС⻰̧ͷȻ󣬽ƽ㽫Ѿһõġճ¯ĸ͵ǰ˵Ǹճ¯ĸ㣬ţЩ˼ĺóԣǳԡ
ЩСӶ۾ԼӣƽСǸŮ֡
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춯ԺԱѵŵĵƦåקǳȥ
ŷ뿴ǱȥҪЩС뿪ƽ˵ȵȡ
ͣסŲתͷĿȥӻͳһǣȻԼ˹š
ŷֽסˣŮԼһ°ͣ˵ûиˣҲҸģǡлЩСӣУǼԺ˲ᡣ
ƽ˵꣬תȥԼŮ˵ߡִԭ·أ뿪ӡ
ŷվԭأðȥıӰ
֮󣬵ڶ޽ٵĸԵĶˣ
ѽƽתЩԼС˵߰ɡ

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λ뿤֪ģ񲿵ĹԱȥſӭӹ֮󣬻ԪԪ̱ȥǰ
˿̿ųӰʹл¡صͬɫۣҵƣżһ߽жҡҷ
ԪףͬԼĻӹῤӵŹ߽ߵʱԼһ𣺡⳼¡
ĿڴܵĵǰȻԳ⳼Ŀϣλ뿤ᣬòڡ
뵽ڽ£Ǵܵ˵Ů˵һ·;ҽ͸˾Ĳ
ƽԪף̧ʾվԪԼ˵һ·۳Ͷ٣ΪҴô£޴м
ҡͷֿ֦ͬͬңΪǾԼһʵڵñǰڽϣǵԼˣ£ˡ
֮УԪ˵ڽϳＯʾΪ߹ؽʿѩ̿ҲǷһм
վ̨µı⣬ЩյصֻͨĴ񣬴˷޶Ҫ㣬Ѿ뿤Ϊô£޵֪ôˡ
ĿҪȻĵ͸˳
ɫȹῤſϧŮжԪ̱ԽԼԽؽ֮ãܱʾĸм
ϧǸҪǰԼĻָǽˡ
⳼
Ҫ˵ԼҪͣһϤΪνЩ飬ͽصǼ黭迤
˭֪ڽϵʱóصʮǰ黭ӽ̻ﻻȡʣ͵˱߹ȥ
˽е黭óٴҲһ
鲻ԪۿԼ̫ξȻէһʱۣϸȴõĶλǸİ취
ܹóô黭ȻҲһЩ黭ˣܹΪʹԪкβܵأ
˵šáȥԼ˽нЩ黭ȡ͵ʹȥʹվµıŷʱһ
ڽ֮ǰֿܵĳûһǻٴŷ
վԭתͷǸȥе˴ŹۣվȺǰ棬ΪղŽԣԴӳĶ̤һ
˿̼ŷϴϤЦЦı飬ˮңңӳӰӡ
ճڱ볡֮ǰѾϣ˿̳Ԫ۱һ˳ȻԱ˵ʺҲڹ磬Ϊӷϴ
ǽҪڹˡ
ǸһģһŷѾ˻˳ĶУջĿ⣬Ӧ˳Ԫ۵ĻհһƬĴԽطӦ
ǲŷ漣Σ˸ʱ
ŷˣҪһУȥӪһˣôܲȫĲأŷᣬԽӹԺﻹҪһŷ
ΪԼ̬֮˿ѡݸǿαװֻҪƭù˾Ϳԡ
󹬣ʺڹڹеżҲԣԪȥ˸£±ڵмǡ
Ǳ޴ģʺԵЩ㲣ͬ˵ʱ򻹻΢ؿԡ
ڽЩ£ڹУҲ˶֪ʺƽ˿֮ŶԱ˵֮£ھķˡ
һ˵ţһЦſڹڹԼλû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
˵ʺĸ£й֧ʺŮΪ߹ؽʿ£±ʣڽһЩܹȵϵģ
ڹű˵ſڵڽܹ̻֮ô̵ʱͳＯôʣɼֶκû뵽֮⣬ôÿô˵˵Ǳˣʺ˿ֻ֮ҲһЩʱգǿҲ˿ġ
ʺЦ˵ǵһܣڹ磬ҲһЩķǡ
˵ǿ
ڹԿһۻʺߵĴŮʺȾ纮ãߵôźģ
ްʺ˰֡
ڹԼ˵ſΪҽ߳κƽɼԲŻ⿤
̽ǳ¡ӭʺĿ⣬Ҳ˳ƻشȷʵˡ
ȻͽԼϢĻʶȻ˻ʰȥκƽֻ⿤Ĺ̼Щ˵ˣ˵˵ҽҲҽԣŴɽ¿Ŵʦʥ֣ǰҲ֮⣬κƽ£ƽҽԵˡ
˵ǫ飬ڹҪҽλʺƺ⻰ҲﲻĿġ
ĿڽЩ£Ļһߵġ
սһ𣬱ȨҲĻӵϣ˵ȴЩܹʾӵ֧֣Ǿƻֻ᲻һ
ڹԼǷЩ̽ͼ뿤ȡһƿҩУŻʺ˵ҽ㾫տҩȴһЩĵãһƿҩճģ²ʺЩʱգѾȵˣŵùҵĻÿһƿҩ£Ӧͻת
κƽµˣ˱˿ʺλ᲻ҽߵĴŮҩƿ˹ȻƵպã˵ҽŵõġ
ʺĲȻйеҽ˸ҩΪҽãԻʺǶȻҲҪȥҩġ
Ⲣģҩ費˭ֻǳҩƳɣмȪ
һ֮󣬼湬ʱˣʺ˵ϯҪʼˣȹȥɡ
һڹҲվȻ˾뿪˻ʺ޹ǰĵط
ʺڹǰͷں󷽣֮䣬ˣתͷȥ幫
幫ԱԼԺҲ࣬ڻʺӱ˵ʱҲԣͬ˿Բʶı˵˼仰
Լ߲˼һ幫˵һ߿ɺã
¶һ΢ЦصмЩĹˣȻԭϣǼúãҲࡣ
幫ڵƹԵò̻Цۣ˵Ȼá
幫ҲЦδе׽ˣͬһ;̲סڽϵ飬Ҳһһˡ
磬𣬵ҹɫԻʹϷ¿ȥͬһƬƺ
ſҲͣŮ춼Ȼ빬ţȺزǰĵط
ʺĵУɻʺ԰ϯ·λã󳼺ʢװķ˹ŮǶ׷˵С
Ҫ붫ҿսѾûֵᣬѵáŮУĵһ鶼̧ȥѰλ뿤Ӱ
ƺƴ˵ⳡϯΪģͶڴѾãʮһ®ɽĿ
ȵĿڻʺߵϯλһɨȻûʧ幫ԵǸİŮӣҪҵ뿤
һλòɫȹѹĴ硢ϴɫľйŮЩĿⶾķǶʱа̾һ
һʼԭҪԼŮͬλʦڽһʱ䶼ǾеĻĿڽһµģͷ
ʵ̫ԶȻ˲֮ġ
ƽ˽Ŀͣ뿤ϣԼǰЩݣֻôԾȻҲбȲʵʱ
뿤Ȼ
ƽʺ
ϤʺǰͬĽƽȥЩʱղƽǻͬһ
ʺЦŻƽĿһתվԭعؽ뿴⣬˵Ǻˣ
ʶӣʺʺΪԼܵǽƽ
幫ͬƽк㡣
ƽ뿴֮˺ģͬʺ˵˼仰֮Լλáĸ׳ûıǳλã뱦ңңԡ
幫ԶԱ˵㿴ŶԿкøС
⿴ʵôģ
幫ûкøеĻԴ̽ˣĻɴؾͻصԼλȥ
һ룬ƽԸȷʵ
ڴ˿̣ŵķ̵˵
⿴ȥӰ⣬ߵѩ磬λǸΡ
һΣ͸еΧһйӰϢģľֻʣǴŲĳѩΡ
ĳˣϱӮⱲֻˮ֮ˣΪ˱סԼĵλ㹻ĺɱĸ
Ŀ΢䣬γȻӣͷȥ幫
ѩ߽׵ڹȳŹ΢΢ͷȻƿĿ⣬ȥѰǴ˵е뿤
ȼ幫ߵ֮һ
Ǿ뿤
ڵŮӣǷƽʱˣΪŮӣѩжȻּʣ뵽Ҫôһ֣ͷŶѹоûʣ˼ֳ졣
һ˳׹ȥͬʺڹ⡣
߽ԶԱ΢΢һЦ˵Ǻ
һ񣬡ү
վ󣬼˽̸ϵı顣
ĵӲİĿɢλ뿤ϵʱвȴΪķӦΪʶеϤ
ڵƹ£·ǹԴδӲİǰڵпԼʱҲĸо

ⲻܣ׹ڴܣ룿
ʲôƫҲƫô
δͷٿλ뿤·ԼߣҲԼ߿һۣĿ޲Լɨ˻ȥ
ԷȫϵԼƶһ㣬ֻ뵽ģ
ţѾͬʺͬλ뿤̸һ뿪ǵϯλ
ǰţѩǰ˵˵λԵء
̧ѩ磬ڴżֳŪؿԼھоֲɹ޻ŮԸǰʿ£λڽҲôأڳＯҩģ뽻ɿŴʦƣҲأֻ˵óҽռҩĶԼƳҩ裬þͱȲ˼ˡ
֪λͺͬȴѹ
ʵȷʵ˲ڵĳǸȴڻᱻ⼸仰ʧֻ̬˳ѩĻ˵˵ûҲԶӣҲҪΪⳡսԾˡ
ŭѩһƣջĿ⣬˵
ԼϯλϣԶȥȻλϯ
εԺΪ˵ֶΣУȻѩʱʱȴҲôԿ
˿̶ǳ谮мӣҲ׵ؾܵ鷿ȥ˳õš
ˣлβϱһжС
ʲôǷʲôһҲû
ʱ̵һѱĿ˹ȥ
Ŀһڳ֮ϣѾԼĸףȻֻԶԶļһۣ彡ûʲô⣬ģȴĸҲͬһ˹
⿴ԼĸףԼȥЩʱգĸȻ֪Լ°ߵϢΪܿսֻݶңԿŲ̶һ£˾࣬ʢװˣҲȻǳü֮䡣
׸ֻԶߵ˵ͷ㳯ϯλ߹ȥϱһʺǰ밲
⿴ԽԽβԼ飬Ŀͣ϶ҪƲˡ
òסԼеļɩĸʺǰɩСѾ΢΢͹еӣһ˿ϲãɩˣ
ͳϱһͬʺڹ
ʺȻʵ̫ׯϣ
ŻصУ֪еʺἰԼĸ˼˼
ֻĸ׻شǵģȥׯͬһ𡣡
Լֱ𣬱΢΢һûע⵽
ʺͬϱһûм⣬Ǳ֪Ҳׯϣ̫ͬһˡ
Ƭ̣֬۶ڸǲסɫֻ˵һҪء
ˣһݶңһǵǰȥ̣ͬΣաĿ֮ԾþòãҲһԭ
׻ʺ⻰еİοҲ֪ƣ˵ͬۿ̲ס΢΢һ졣
ڿԱߵıʱҲע⣬ֻǵʹǺȻջĿ⣬ɳϱŻϯλȥˡ
ϲԼжûʲôоǿԼĸĿشԼӹҲȫȻûзԼ˭Ļмʧ䡣
Ҳֲʲô֪˵Լڻׯϱչѧϰ黭أֻǷĸҲׯȥˣ뵽Լ°ߵ飬ĸӦҲ֪ˡ
ҪׯֻҪҹӸŮүү
˿Լȴͬ͸¶һЩҪλ˼ΪԼǽʵǲТ
ôˣ幫Ըеƺһֻһϯϲϰߡ
ֻһ˲䣬ܿͻָ糣Լ˵ûʲô
ܿ죬һ·ĳԪҲ˵УжλĿеķŮҲͬʺ밲Ļᣬǰúõؿˡ
Ҳˡ
ڿ֮ǰּǸŷͬŷһ𣬴ӵλϣǺĿش͸˰Լ
֮ǰԪ۶˳ŵ˽ص黭˳˱⣬ǲڽصʮ黭ȡĶԱ߾ӵ֧֡
ڼ͹֮󣬳Ԫ۱˳˽̻֮߾ṩʣҲ˳ƱʾصԼ㲻ٶܣɼԺ˽֡
ʱûбȼԺʺϽֵˡŷְԺĵҪתˡ
վʱγǸȥǰὫעָεŷ룬һȴһҲûп
ĺԽαܵظеЩԡ
֮󣬳ԪְЩʱպ뾩ŮΪǰսʿĹףᵽΣ϶˼Цݡ
ڹҲԶӵе⣬ԼλϣԼԪл֮ȴʱԼ粻Ҫᡣ
ǰ˵뿤ڽʲô
Ƽͬˮһ㱻ڴ˼䣬ȴеڰ·һ˫۾ڶԼƶŴ˼һжеס
˭
Ŀڵɨ׵ĵʺ󡢹ϣɨǸϱδֵ뿤ٿˡ
ѵǶˣ
ӦãԼѾӦǵҪΪǴϢǲӦĺȲŶԡ
ֱȴǸֻڰнһУ·һ֪һеĻꡣ
ϯĹжѩŻأҲûʲôӦⷴѩȤ
֮⣬ϯ˶ʮ־ˡ
ȵϯβеĸ賷£ԪҲ˼ɫִžƱű˵ܽ꣬Ϊô飬Ҫͬһ
ԼϯλϣųԪ㣬Ҳ֪Ǻȶˡ
Щʱգ˶תΪѹҲأҵһܹйһ
ԪҪͬһȻҪҪִԼһƻҪȳᣬԼҪǰǰߵϢųȥ
ֵֿǿУӢͳܣҵȲౡ֮˵һ滰ȻŵȽϵҩĳＯãұ㶯ȥǰߣȴᣬǳҽΪЧ
ڽѾô£ڻҪǰȥΪ⿤Զȡ
Ը˲¡˵ֽ̧꣬еľһ
ԪĿʣ˵һáȻƱҪͬһ
Ȼ֪Ϊǰ̫࣬Ϊ仰֮ĳȣָһǾƱʹеȥϣľҺҲ˳
ԪۿԼ֣վԷ̵æƱһ˶ѸٵزϵľҺһ°ѾƱϣֵݻسԪУ¡
áԪٴ¶һЦݣҪȥãȴǱԼǰӰԼֲţȫ޷ơ
¡ڹע⵽˳Ԫ۵쳣ҪȥƱºˡ
ûСԪҡҡͷλžƱ̱ͻȻĵһ¡
һ̣Ԫ۾ͿƲסǰȥȻ˵עзڵأ

 284 
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ʺ󾪽һ
һĻ, 󳼶Լλվ
ֻԪһڵ, ŵĲȸŷһ, ڵϣڰеֻάԭ, ȴȫʧȥĿȨһ, ̱Ҳǽֱġ
һӱûʺڳԪߣڹڴšҽҲس˹
һƬ֮УΨվԭصοϤһĻ
Ԫ㷢, ͬϱһз֢״, ϱڶܿս֮Zֱ۱ϣŭ, Ȼзε
ⱲΪλǰֽţǸĿ
ҲˣһӦҪȥ鿴
ԼĸԪ۵߻ȴűٹҽ, ȴûʱǰȥ
ԪȻ, ˵ĻȻָ, ŷǴԼõŷ, ˿̼ԺӦѾӿԼסˡ
̫ҽܿӵϵ, ̽Ԫ۵Ϣ, Щʳ;ˮԺȷԪз磬жķɢȥܵŵſʼ׷״ӵ˳ȥ
зɴСƫƫ붫ҿսڼͻȻ£ֱǶʿĴ
ǳԪû»ãľһ𣬸ô죿
뿪еʱжתͷҲһг룬̲סҽôʱûҽγԪۣ
һ⵽ҲǴܵˣǴܵҽڣҲȥɽ½пŴʦֵõʲôأ
Ԫ۱̧Ҫ͵Ĺȥ̫ҽΡ
ʱŷεȻҪġ
Ԫ۱úõ̧ߣʺߣʱ뿪ԡ
ҲԪͻȻ¸һŶ˼򶨣˵ҿҪڹУͲȥˡ
ͷʱ̫ڸУһоȻҪٳš
ڳϱ̥ѾˣܸɣߺܵѵʱѾ࣬Ůʿ˵үֻڹУ²صġ
иֳһ˿ᣬȻŶԼĳ˵úÿĸס
лڼӦǡ
лԨZһ߹أлݶңصУһǸµģײڣΪȻҪһС
ڳʱȥź̨׵ʱһˣҪǰ浹ȥ
еһĸףץֱǰ˼֣ϾһƬ亹
ҺΪ˶Ҫˤȥʱ򣬴Աһ˫֣ؽǶ˶סˡ
濴һĻ̶æ
Ҫʲô£Żŵһ̥ЩûпõĶȻҪܷ
Ҳһ˲Լϴʹתͷųϱȥʵû°ɣ
û¡ҡͷǷס˵ˣϴܲͬɫ¶ֻӨ׵ůɡ
պ÷סǵģλ˭
վˣջ֣ȻԼļ˽Ӵ¶̫м뿪ʱȴ󣬼ĸ׸ɩ̨ˤȥ巴ӦԣҲץסǡ
Լĸ׸ɩĿתؿԼԼ˵лȡ
㱻׵İˣ鸴ӣǶ˲¶ۼ˵ҪСġ
£ȷʵˣողԱ߷ţôԼ˽С£۵óϱ̨ˤ˵˵һܲסĴ
ţٴлǰλְǵĿ˵ŸնҪʹȥлȻͬϱһߡ
ǰˤһӵ̣ĹһƣǸȥǵȥм䲻ٳʲôȻŶվԭصı˵ǿ˿ֿ죬Ȼ
̧һֻ֣ԺעЩǡȻҲûͣҲŹŵķȥ
ԪͻȻ£ʺԣΪӣҲ˹УѩΪǸߣҲûлȥ
ֻθȻʱûʲôʸڹеġ
վû˵ʲô͵ػԼԺӣҲصԼԺСûʲôţܹһµ״
ǰϱӣԪз絹֮ȻûΣȴа߲ܶʱȻҲܼƹܹ£ӦⶨȻλ½µۡ
Z˿ȴڱ߹أ˺ܿͻڴӱ߹ػҲ߲
õʱϱûдᣬⱲӣͬʧ
ڷУŻʹķڹĸӶһָѾܵı
ʹ
޵Ԫ۵ѾתΣΪлʺߣڹԼ޹УǰվԼĶӣ⹬е˶˳ȥѩ綼û
ڹվǰĶӣ˵㸸ʵĲɴС
Ȼҽǰ˵Ŷᾡ˭ףԪ۷ôҪ֢Ǻѵġ
ָܹҲǰΪ²ͣΪԼٴη
ĸڽԼҪ˵ʲô
δڣԼĸ˵Zڱ߹أжǣܻ㸸ʵĲٶ񻯼֣ξҪϡ
ڹ޵ϣ˿ûƽյЦݣֻһƬȻ
˵ȴ취Ȩ֮󣬾ܶȥ
ڹȻ˵ţȴûбҪԳԪ۶֣ҲҪ֤մȨ䣬ֻҪZʧȥʸͺá
һֱ˵ڹ˵ʱǧԥ
üֻ֪Ǵеǰ
˵ͱڹִ̧ˡ
ڹΪڴеǰǲŵõôõĻᡣ
˵ֻĸҪʲôٶǻ˵ܵԪ
Zڱ߹أԶزǵľӾͻʧȥõͳ˧ڶҵĵһֹжŲ
ǳŲҵĽǾõλʲôأһ֮ûңҲǸ֮ūѡ
ڹ˵ҲҪĻӵ
վߵ˴ߣŴӴķ϶͸ĵƹ⡣
ҹĻʹ˵ĻңΪĵ£涼õҵĽŲ
Ŷ˵Ҫ̳дͳضҪ彡֫彡ȫĻӡսϵۣս϶һֻ֣ʧȥһȣԶϾ̳дͳ·ֲ
˵תĿؿԼһЩȱӰǾȻӰһүҲӰսϼͳ˧ĸ˵ЩֻΪ˸谭ܹϴ󱦡
Ļ΢
λûҰȻеģΪүĶӣǵӣǳӣûϮĿܣԼȥһҵҲûʲôԣƫƫĸ׳Ϊ˾֮Ҳһͨү֮ӳΪ˻ӡ
еһˡ
ǰ̫ΣԵĵ̫ǿĸ˵Щ飬Ҳǻԥȥġ
ȴǣһȫǰΪZ¶καʣҲãҲãܲ
ڹֻ˵ĸʲôڶҲҪöӺúһ롣
áڹԼĶӣ룬ǲҪ̫ãĻݼš
ûаסĻܾ֮ҲѰˡ
ƹܱȨھһӦZ˻صУڼԼҲرʱҲ뱣סеļ֮Ȩ
̧ͬĸһתŽյ޵гȥŵԼѩ磬ֻ˵߰ɡ
뿪˹УѾԿĹţݳƣͬѩһӹг
Ժڳ΢۾ǰеĽ࣬ҲҡţԺڻŸղĸ˵顣
ѩһԱʮְģȨƬ֮󣬾Ա˵ܱҪʲôҺҵȫֵ֧ġ
һ仰۾￴
ûʲôֻڳŵķƹâ͸۾
ŮӼˣȫȫڷϣѩҲˡ
Ȼڹĵ壬սȥҲҲܲµĸӶ˵ʲô
Ȼ׼ձȨڼңھ̡
˴󱦳Ϊµۣôǻʺ󣬶һֱڹλϵĹĸҲᱻΪ̫һֵȥð
˵仰֮󣬸еںڰһֹֻȻԼֱԼ˵֪
һ֣ѩ˵κ鶼Ҫܰġ
һֻ֣˷ֱһ裬ϵǰ޵ϡ
ʤڼʤ
ܣڼҰܡ
ϣԼĻܹ¶ġ
-
ʹݡ
Ƕȥи磬ŮСᲢûиߡֻѾڴܵľǼԺĴӪڱǻмԺڰбСûôġ
ȵͣʹ⣬ӰǺܿشԺӭ˳
ͱصʹݵͬһ񣬺ܿˡ
Сϵɫǰ˱ֱۣͬһ齵Ժߣһһʵڹзʲô𣿡
ͬ˵ȥ˵
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СĻзĺɴСɲأԼİǰֻҪλûеͱȥҲӦܹؾȻ
ôЩ˿Żأѵǰûг֣
⿴뷨˵ûг֡
ôҽڣֵõ֣ҾĿڽΪô飬ҲֱȥӴܵĵ
ܹߵôɴ࣬û˿ԥҲǿԪ۵״̬̫²ȥҲΣա
ŷϯϵʱԼΣڹûлͬԼ˵ӦܿͻʹԼ羡
ţС᱾Լ˵ʲôȴͣס˻תͷ濴ȥҲ洫ĽŲŮ˵ǵȵĿˡ
ŷʹûд󶯸ɸ꣬ҲûпԼ١
ϯ⣬ԺҪ𳹲п˵ıӰӣҪʹͬΪصλ뿤ѶҲӦġ
ǰԺԱŷƣԺ⣬Ȼͣס˽Ų
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˵ɿ֣õһԡ
ŷ˷ԸšȻ½һڣż˽ȥ
ǰŵŮСᣬЩҪΧҹɫΪһļԺԱ΢΢һЦ°ˡ
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ŷｻһŷƿصһУھֵȨˡ
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ߵſڣ˵뿪֮ǰһ취κñ¡
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ŷ뿴һۣ˵ͷҪȥٴνסԼȻʵڹмǸŷˡ
ŷ֮ǰͲµ⣬û뵽̵ڲʳڣ˵常һ׼õȥҾ֮ʹǰˣû˷֡
õ֮󣬱ת˷Уŷ볯ԺŵķȥŮСΪţߡ
ŷ뿪Ժӣ̨ףصԼ֮Уߡ
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Ԫڻһ֮󣬱ҩ˫תȻʱܶ־ѡ
ڴϣһתͷ㿴ԱԼһһҹĻʺ
ֻ̧֣ܶҪȥʺͷĴܹһԪˣ̻ϲصˣ
ſڴ˯ȥĻʺһ۾Ȼ֧ڴϵˣȻɫѵؿԼ̧һֻ֣ҪԼ
ˡʺƣϷϲɫӹֽΪڴϵĵ˲ͷȻʵ¿ɻкδ
ûСԪ˵Ǹеֽźû֪
ʺĻзᣬȴֻתͷȥ˰۽ǣȻת˵̫ҽ˵ˣΪʱԲŻᡭȴûʲôµģֻҪϼҩģܡ
Ԫȴû˵ȥ
ڴ̧һֻ֣ʺæȥסоӵд˳ȥȻ˵٭Z
ʺĻͷһ¡
λ᲻֪˼Ҫǵĵٻ֪Լòˣ׼λѻλǵĻϡ
ԪԼĽᷢӣ˵εúûβãʹþжΨíZš
Żʺ֣ҪԼĵͬ˵꣬ȥȡֽʸԼܹܴ
ʺӴתͷȥܹܣɫңɫҲЩ԰ף˵߹شϢҴҹѾѾսˣ
⻰ʺδӦԪȴЩҰܵر۾
ʱҲҲĻǲʱϻˡ

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Zͳʮڱ߾ӭսң, м֮, һʱ侩иִ䣬ĸ
ڹĸ, ھжֿȣǰͥ, ӯš
ڳԪۻڲУڹڹҪ̼, ֻ¹ĹҲһٲˡ
ѩ˵޽Ժüӡ
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ѩǰԼ, ΧƵĲҲŮʱߵ, ЩȴǴԼһƽȵλϵġ
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һƬ֮, Ĵ¶Цݡ
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, ڴԼԺг, ٴѩ, ʱ򱻶Ժ, Ҳ
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οѩ绹ڹֶŮĸ֧ߣҲƹȥһʾá

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⼸轵ӵŴ˿̶ţֻ͸ֽս
ƫԺҲõѩĻ԰ﴫ֡
ŽŮϵ뻹ð
С㡣ΣˣСһЩɡ
ǰ˷纮ͷۣԭҪȥ򣬿ȴǲȥʱ̫ע⡣
οЩʱæڳ񣬲ᵽԺҲ赣Ĺ˲
ˣŮҲֻ˽ȥһڵĺȥ
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Էһֱڰ֣θϣԷܹɴس֣ͬԼƴһƴ֪ǳ
»ԿҲȵýҪǿ
ӣڰռȻϲǣơ
ţ̧ϵ룬ѾŵȵĽһеζԼĿǻ
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ҩԼԺ޸Ĺ
ŷȻûʮרעоԺҩö֮ǿŷӣҲܿʲôá
ɫζʳУվķ꣬

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𣿡ѩЦַ̧˷Լķ٣˵ȥɡ
ͬһþƫţվȫۣȻͬߵƫŵķ񣬵ɫȴǺá
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ѩȥ밲ĹҲûͬǰһΪΣܴķ˵ӦöϢúãġ
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ѩһۣԭպֿѹεķͷû뵽ɫô㲣˵ǺˣվҲʤ֡
ɫһҪڳŪ䣬װ⸱үԺȥ洫һͨ

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ԣ˶ͷȥ
󣬵ǦܲûѩҲãķ
ϵĽº׼䶼ʧɫ˼֡
Ȼ֪˭Լĵģʣؼһ
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ȵһŽվг⿴˾͸еҰз·һԴ
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վţķѾ׷״ǰű˵:˴ܣֻʹ
֮УҲĴ߶ҲմĹ⣬ļһ
⻹δڣѩ˵:մҵĹ?
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˵ϵÿһÿһ綼ڷĻôֻ˫۾Ǻڳģڲ
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Ŀζݽ㣬·ֻżȻȴеĪһš
ץסָоֱһЩʱͼǱΧȺеѾɨ
˻ȥΧ˵Ľ:
ͷǽޣͺƵġ
ƤǺ֢
зǾһ̸۵޷ǾЩ˵̧̾ϢԼʵ
ôģоϡ
⳯ȥʻķЩߵ㣬֬ҲڸǲסѹֻԼ
⡣
ֻ˼һ˲:й߳ԵķӣԵʹƤϸ塣
?
һǰûлڴҲ̲ס˫ĿŹ⡣
ˣ޷ƣǱֻһҲˣ
Ժɣ˶Ҫһԡ
ѽд!Ǵ˿ǰĺҽģ˴оȻԣն˵ʲôŵ?
зҪδؾûзӡ
@޺ģڽѧ
һ룬!
һӶ󣬶ûоܾӦˡ
ѩԼԼ˵:ͷұ˽Ӷ͵λҪ
ұ㲻һ͹ȥˡ
ɺãѩһ»ϲ֪ڸԼӡ
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Щ֣ЩﻹûнڣʱʱԼ׽?@޺ģ
ڽѧ
֮ĿԸԳɷȴû˵Ҳڡ
һλЩķȺ̾:ǵǵóԸˡ
עòֻϢѣҽҩ궼ûн
ֻϧӢδ֮ͨȴһܹϢ⡣
һڣ˱׷װο:ϢҪзǼġ
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֣һȴ̵óԸˣһ˫̥
˵ˣһ̥ӣܲˡ
˵ǲҪ?
˵껹ҪԼһ䣬ҲӦ:Щȷʵ˵ľйأϢ
ѵ⣬Ҳ˶ġҲӣȳŵ壬̱Ԫ
ҲԵ?
з֮ѾŮĻãЩδŮϢģ̲סһ
Ķ
⿴ѩ磬Ҳ
˵׻ûһ꣬ûϲѶҲй
ֻǵôһӣƵԼϣԼС꣬ڲŲ
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һȻǲٶʣֻЦ:Ȼûġ
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ԶԶԣԺ̸
Ȼ϶ô˵ţȴźѾ˹ֺܿҪִ
ܱ߾˵ܿҪȥǰߣԼ˽մˣﻹʲô?
ȴǶЩѹȥֻѩ˵̬ź֣
λ
θǶ˽ղǣûп̫
ԲѩˣǽձߵλˣȻ
Ƕˡ
ѩĿһɨԸ:硣
ڵܿѩҲ˼ֻ
̵Ѿ룬ζͬˮһسÿһ϶ӣ
¶ȣȵ˲ҿ¶˼ļȣһƬޡ
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ϱ㷢ǾнһϣԼҲС
ֻŮӰ׷ϳÿһϯʮа˸ãβϲô
ͬĶûϡ
˵ζЩʱӦŵϰˣǲ֪Ϊһᣬȴǰ
Щһ
ţһʵ:õʲô?źòһء
̧ͷȥʻѩԵԷˣʮǱˣȥ
ʮ
ʲô㡣Ƿ·ɵ뿤е磬˵ֻ
ңЩá
˵ţԼϵҽݸԷˣǲŰɡ

 287 
Ǹá
Է˽ң˼Ƭ̣Ҳһö
ѩ磬˹ЦŶԼ˵ܰÿңУ
ɫ㲻뿤
áûƾܣشˡ
˽ķӦУоЩ⣬һľǧ
֮Щͬ
תһҲǣҽߣҽȻ˹Į
Է˼ûоܾЦݸʢ㽫УҴ䡣
ξ͸еǹԽЩͬչʻεڿɢ
һ㣬ȷʵͷһѡ
β˶űԽ׽ֻ˭ҲΪ˵ѩ硣
һЩֻۿţҲȥ֡
ѩҪͬ棬ϵͬϵҲ
ˣԼûбҪʱȥͬʱĳ̡
״Ȧ⣬˶׽ʱ򣬾ֻרעǰʳ
Ƕͬ˵仰ΨһҲԡ
˵ҲϨѩҪ˼
һЩԼϲʳɾθڲǷ˿ӡ
ʱ洫ƵԭкڵҲ׷ͣ˽̸
ͷȥȻ˵:ӽҪѩء
ѩնͣʱ:ʲôʱߩtҪѩ·
Ͳߣھж̻һ¡
Ļشͬǰ²Ĳ࣬ҲͶȥĿ⣬˵:Ѿȥ
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ջߣһͷ:ϯҲǼλǰ룬
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Ļ˵ſϧźȷʵǲͬҪȥǰߣ
˵߾ߣ˿͡
սڣ䲻֪һҽܷӳô˵ҲڹؼʱӰ쵽ս
֡
ᵽǸһս˶л̻̣һʱֻ׷ñǰҪСģȵս
֮󣬶Ҫٻص
ЩꤻôûУֲٽʳǱĿɢ
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һֻ۾ضԵΣԶ
εָʵس鶯һ£ֱߵĿӣӹһԣײӣһ

˶ûжȥһۣΨб˰Χı߲⳯Ŀһ̡
ֻǱĪľ־ȡסʧȥѪɫŵķ
ȫ񶼱űߵĻӰռݣԱһ˫۾ڿԼȫûв
ⲻܡ
롣
˳ϣۿڻзٻôܻƹôˣϢ
س?
ǸӰյýڵѪ֮УһֻѪ۾ü˿־ص

޷εķӦڱУ֪ԼҩЧˡ
֣ԼҲ֪Ǹܿ˭Ļ
Ӱ
ϯ˻ûע⵽ε״
ԭжʱǳڳĻþֻһֻ
ҡ
нϣԼԺ֣֮õʱѰϣе
ҩͻɴ߷ҩԵĶ
@޺ģڽѧ
ŵζԼǰҪĿҪһЩʵǶԱ߷ˡ
֪϶ȻֹһֻɱԼĸף˵Ҳ
ܹ׾ͽҹ¡
ԭԼһ뿪оͲ֮ǰʵʱƿϢı⣬ڼ㾪
ʧıֺ󣬸еҪҰջצͬԼ͸ͬһ˫۾Ϊ
¸Ӧۡ
űߵӰˡ
εͫ͵һŮӰι֮ԭվĳϳ
򿿽˼֣չĲǰڵ
..-."
ںڵ֮УֹסԵ÷Ĳг
ٴһͻأ˵Ŀⶼϡ
һŵŵĶڵء
ڸ˵ѩͣ˻ͷתͷü:㡪
û˵꣬ξһһֳϵĲ
ǰӴȥմѣҲû⣬ɫ԰׵ؿ
Ǹ
ⲻɫ
쳣ӦĿǿŻȻΣĿֱ⣬
ɵýͷӶ:ôˡ
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εı֣˵ĵһӦǷ׷׳ķȥͼǱ
ģѩûֻͥԺеӰɪжʱɻ󡪡
ʲôûУΪӦô?
˽Ȼû˵ڣдװ:
ģǼ˹
Щ˽εĶһ˵
ѩûд˵ķӦл⸱ֻ֣Ҫյϯ
ԭ뷢ŭȴ뵽յĶǿŭѹˣε:ڿ
ʲôǱʲô?
ȴ·ûĻվԭ˿ûзӦ
ķХάƣֱվ֮ǻػع
ЩʧѪɫػصϣһĳ
ûʲôһԼƵصҿˡ
źŮҲæĵӣȻʰ˴򷭵Ķ
ǰûҪߣǺ´һȥ̻ᱻĹ
һ
еձù
εıŹ֣뵽⸮Уǲѩʲôֶ?
ѩһȴܷ˵һСЩȻԵıһۡ
ûвϲģԷɣٿ˵ɫʶΪл
⸱ģԼģŭ͸˼֡@޺ģڽѧ
ѹŭԿȻԾ˵:ǲĻȻȥϢɡ˵
ԼĴѾͲȥ
@޺ģڽѧ
ǣ
ĴѾǰҪΡ
Ѿָ򶨵׼ֽѩĴѾߣʱһ̧ͷ
˵ʱɫ䣬ִӺＷһ˵ļ:߿!
УҪȥƿѾۡ
𿿽!!
ѾߵֶԭأϵЩΡ
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תҪܡ
⡭
˶ĿɿڴؿıӰѩԼúõϯƻӣҲά
ֲסϵƽ
ʲô?!ջдϣһ˦ӶЩûõŭ
׷ȥ!
ʼղɫЩѩ׷ȥ
ſڣѾܵűߣżҪߵĻȥתǴ߹
ǰһײԼϡ
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?ײԺɫͻ˼֣ʲô?ʲô?
s...---
̧ͷһү
ȻѾߵ˳ϵӣɵ֮ܳд߻ҩԵ
ָ˼ѡ
ڿԼ֮һӦѩʲôˡ
ε̧֣ͷĴȥͼѩķǶͷ
˳лдɫȹĺ
ѩ磬üô?
ѩ翴ǰǸΣĥĥŵ:үĻ
Ҳ֪
վߵԷҲ֤:ǰүǳԵúúõģлͻȻ
֢һ㣬ܡ
ͷε֣еԼɪɪǳ:
ʲô?ȥҽ
ѩ绹ûӦʹȺгǰһ˵:ҽֻ
Ҫ飬үǷģһɡ
ԭⷬ㣬ҪΪϵ±
:Ϳˡ
Ҫ˰͵᷿ȥȴץӲϷ֣ûа취ֻͬ
һȥ
һ뿪
ѩѩƮ£ʣվϸؽ̸:
֪ƳʲôҲ֪ϲء
ѩǵĻʲôֱӲźá
תһ룬ֵлװģҪԼǰｻǿˣԼҲ
ȥ᷿

 288 
᷿УѾϡ@޺ģڽѧ
Ǵ̼ҩԵһԶ룬Ӱͼ˲١
ץԼӲϷţǴӴ˿:롣
˵һԣͬһıڳλãΪϡ
Ů˵ӷڴߣˣִε
䣬صٴƿѩ̤˽Ƶ߽һ
ү
һۣûηеı͹ˣֻվһ𿴺Ϊΰ
ָһε֣ڴϵ˾۾
εüͷԾţĿ·ûн࣬⿴ӣһʱֱ治ڴ߸
˭
⿪ڵҡ
Ҳ:ǺΪ
ǰһЩ±۾
@޺ģڽѧ
⿴ΪͻԳƣ㲵ģϵָ΢΢ض

˵ǸʵϲǴռӡ
׹֣ٲҲûʱȥѧһҽ
ȹƬ֮󣬱ͽ˻ӵ
ֻ԰֪ǻʲô֢ѩ綼ֻҽտ
ѩδڣʵ:?
ߵѩֻ߷Ƭֳ̣ǡļ:ⲡΣ
ֱ˵
˵ļƣ˼ȴͬ
⿴óβͬķԵ֣ѩȴܱʲô
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ϣǶ˵Ҳ۾ǱԼĺϵ
ۡ
˵ҽҲ֪ԼʱϵķոտϵĹҪ
Լô¡
ֻǱԼƽص:ûд󰭣ֻǰȾķ纮δãʧ
֢֮ⷳꡣ
վһԵŮ
ߵŮΨD͹Ҳٵ
˿̼үԼŮæͷ:ȷʵ翤˵ģն˯òã˯
ҲͣΣΡ
֤ѩ綼˱ϣֻڴϵǣֻ
Ϊ纮ʧ߶ΣԳĻþ?
ǣҪ"
ѩڶݵʧסʳԼĵ⡣
:㲻ʲôصĲ֢ȴһʱܵõġ
˵ſȻ΢΢Ŀ⿴ڴϵһۣĲĲ
ҩҽ֪мʲôŵôʧɫŶȥ?
Ĳ?
֣ѩоһ
԰лǿʲôŻų
ڱᵽĲʱξѾһͻ
ȵλתҪ̽Լһ˫ĺ·Ҫ̽Լ
ʱξͱܵҪܿ
û֪ʲôĿҲûֵͨز˶Ӿܿ
o
ɷ˵һ˵ڻþ?һϲһɢ
Σܸңұ֢ܶһ
ҡֳԼ󿿽ʶִټһ̧ۣȴ
ǰĶʲô½ﻬ˳
εĿⱻȥȿںɫĲϱе÷׹֮ʱͫ͵
һ:
׹!
ǲעӣҲͣ˶ͷԼؿڿȥ
ҵ׹!
˾ȻһȻ͵شһ־קס˺
İɫ׹
վڴߵĺ⧲קһ£ǰˤȥ
ʱǰסͬʱŭһ:!ʲô?!
ѩûԤϵķչһ˿ϲɫҲæǰ:!ð
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᷿е˶ûзλͻȻһʱ䶼æŴӿ
ԲѵĲ˵˺
ѩ磬ڶݵϲ֮ȥεָȴеק׹ޱ֮
󣬶ʱһ˿ŭĻš
תͷȥ⣬ѾճѪۡ
ͣǺʲôˣ
ĲǾ˴ܸĺ
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!
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!!
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ΣѩôСл!
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УתΪַűѩҲڰ˴ε˻
?ѩһʵû°?
ȿȿȡ
ǺţԼĲӣ˵
ѩµĺۼΪǼʤѩԽԵþĶǡ
һʼһѣ֮һֱԵƿˣõ׹أ
Իϲǰֺ̧ݺݵشһơ
žһص᷿УЪȥҲЩ
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Ѹٵظֳָۡ
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һƵֻеԼһƬ̧űǰתͷ
ŵؿ
һ˲䣬ǰָϱǸĵصһ
谮һ˵ʱж裬ʱж顣
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Լʲô!
ʱһĮ
̫谮ˣ޼ɵڲԼλá
ص:δ򲻵㡱
˵ţָ߬е׹˵Ļ絶εϡ
ǱĹͣǴܵĹͣյǿϣΪ
ڱϡΪĲǰЩٶڲУ
ϣ㿴ڶЩʲô?
ȥ׹ЩС֪񣬲ȥ֣
ķ!
Ļֻҡ
ôͻᱻ˩tôͻֱ谮ļ֮Уʲô?
ûйϵսе׹ڿҵ˼ڲˡ
û׹ܿͿûʧȥһ!
òҲãҲãһжصߣҲòˡ
ţǲ֪ʲôֶζ׹ĺڵ:ϲ
׹ֱ˵ˣҲ᲻
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˼һպףͷɢңڴЦʲôˣ㲻ҽ
Բ?Ŀ֮λȫǿ׹@޺ģڽѧ
֣ץŵ׹ڰա
С֮ͽ֮׹صˣҲ͵ȡҵ

һЦţһߵͷȥԼʧõ׹:׹ҵ׹
׹ģȴӨһƬ˵ɫ
αɫ:ô¡
⿴֪ǴӷŵĻþлָˡ
ζ׹ִôôһö׹״ֻɫвͬ
׹ϣڸոȻˡ
ôᡭβԼץ׹Լбһӣֻʶ
̧ͷΧˣôᡭⲻҵ׹--
һѩдżֻ
᷿Ѿ߶ͷ̧ۡ
˫ڳġ·𲻻κιâ۾Լͬǰ
Ⱥ֮гԼƳʱһ
εĿ⣬ȴǧ·һɽǰѹϡ
˲䣬θеԼ׹ˮѡ

 289 
л˰֢ڲ֮ǰԺӰ벽
ž޲ŵ̧ͷȴɫͬһ
䡣
ˣͻȥ!
ѾæӦǣǰҪΡ
!ʲô?ſ!ڴϵμôһץԼʱ

ЩѾ˵ץס
ۿš
ܿҪ뿪е߾ȥ˲У뿪֮ǰκù
ϣң׹ɵľ֣ԽС
̫̫ڳ䶨֮ǰҪ㹻ľ֮жȹʡһ
ԼµĴ
ſ!
ѩϸֳһ˿صĿ
лǳʧүˣзͣҪҲǻã
ķǰֱһֵξ
εȻֹʱȥ
ЩŮæץס
ջ:ߡ
澪ײ죬ѩѾ
⺮Сѩ֮Уλű˴̧᷿ȥѩƮϣҲ
졣
᷿е˾վ￴̧ȥߵʱܿǴ͵á
һʱ죬ۿˡٿڵʱϵѾȥǸ
Ȼ뿤й֡
˵ţ⾱ѪۣҪƽϣҲӦõġ
ѩˣҲæҪŵǸһſھͼԵҡҡͷԼ˵
:ǲˣҲƽϣүҲ𡣡
㲻ƽϣѩһֻĿľϣŽ
ڳȥˣֻ˶᷿֮зʲôĲ²⣬ʱҪ

룬̧ԼĴѾԸ䡣
ҽұ㲻ˡֻʱүӹעЩ
׽Ϊ⿪ĽᣬĲܳ׵غ
Ѿεˣֻ²͵Ӧ
ˣѩԼѾȥȡڱ⾱Ѫ۵
ʱ˵Щֻ֪лθӲͣƫԼǿ
ƫ㲻ʶô
ֻҡͷ˵:¹ֲòϯȴǲٻȥˡ
΢΢üɿ׵:⣬ձ磬Ǹ
Ҫһˡ˵ȵһ̽Ҵӱ߾ٵү
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ԲӨ谵﷢΢⣬ͬվǰվŵλ
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ѩǰһűǸȻص:ϵ˺۽˿룬⴮飬
һ
ⴹĿȥ⴮飬Ե:ܵ@޺ģڽѧ
ѩϸֳЦݣҲ:Ǿ͹
ûмˣȡԼˣýϵѪס
ѩƽ󣬿źܿҪתΪѩ׺õˣܿ
ȥ
ѩصУֻǶԹжɻ
Ǳѩ˵ĺҪȥȴźĪ
ڸлεʱ򣬷ʲô?
ͷҪ̽
ѩһҹڶʳǶװػݵľ
ѩδͣĳȴװܿʹݳδȸ֣˳ǡ
ȥ֮ʱϯϷҲ˳
Ϊϯΰ֢ںεʱͻ
ȫаۡ
˲ɵزµðŴѩҴȥǲǸðйء

ĭڼУŸմĹܼһ㱨һ:ڻ·
ϣźˡ
ԣ̧ͷ۾ڵķ򣬷·Ҫ͸ããĴѩ
ȥ
ѩУ˳ţԵлһһǰس˺ã
䡣
߾ӡ
Ұǰֻƣܾʿаޣȴֻܰ
ȻֻǲӣѾǵ൱һѪս@
޺ģڽѧ
ֻҪܳ˸ǵͽ󣬷Ǹ˴ܻᡣ
Ԯ·ϣZλսҲһ־˶Էͽ
ƣҲֻɳӦ
Ҵǰ죬ÿ춼ɳؽַսӮ
ɶұϾڿຮ֮ݷ꣬ǵĽʿӦĺսʱ
ٴνսȼյ˸ޱȡ
ܵͽʵڲ࣬һĽѾˣǵĺȴԼĸ
ZľУԼӪеĶ⽫ʿܹɳһս֮⣬
͵Ľ첻һսͱ
ǶҵʦȴǲһʼӭսZԼϣߵ
˾Ѿ׷׸ˣսʱֻԼ
߾ķѩδͣ⴩ɫףŰɫԶǧ
ǰͳҲӺ˳.µĺɫڷѩűϢϵ
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ͬһŮľеĶ̬ȴ֪߾սˣǻϲϵϣ
ʵ:㣬߾ôˡ
û˵Ȼͽ߾Сᡣ
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һƷͶҴͬһ˵֮Уǰǰڶ߽һս
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ĸΪܹϴ󱦡̳лλֻͬϱһڱʹթʹZս
ˡһֱѵĻںϵŷȥֹ
ƫƫȴôʱ䣬Ѿȥʮ죬Ⱥһߣɳȥ˵
ǸͬʱߵģӦѾ˱߾ˡ
ˡ
ⱲѵҪͬϱһZս˲мջҪԸ
õ?

 292 
߾ຮŰнʿʱ䣬վѾͬҽֵĵʮ졣
ZҲѾǰ֧ʮೡսڶණͽǹ¡
սҲһƥڵˣսһƥ
ݳԮܿҪִڶķ򣬶ҺҲ쵽ˡ
ƺ֪յľս߾ķѩҲͣһЩ˷ȴûΪ
֡
Z峿ʣܲ
ȻݵֻͣΪ˱ҵķѩʮж˵İһ
ӪӾ¡¸ݸյ@޺ģڽѧ
@޺ģڽѧ
ʮ֮дӸ˹פĶʮ˶˱ů
¡
Ӿйݹٸոͬٽϣķĵںδ
ٿ⾩ˣǰѿصȫݸʣǲõ
һʱ䣬ҪȥӦսʱˣ˵:Ԫ˧
УֻܿҪʲôҪͬԪ˧˵Ԫ˧ˡ
ȥգZԳս˶ɳ֮ͻչò˶೤ʱ
䡣
ݹһȴ󾪵:¾ȻҪԼ?ô?
ŽõĻ㿪ڵ:ȥԪ˧ȰסԪ˧
󣬻ϣмֱ¡
ƼӰһ:Ž
ݹĻɫмֲǲȷڸԼ˵Ц˵ġ
Žһü˵:!
һŽָݹٶ˵ȥλȥԪ˧
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ǰݹȥZ:ˣ롣
ݹû뵽д˻ᣬ¹ڣ߳ȥ
УٶŽ¶֮ɫ:ʱȥԪ˧УӰԪ˧
Ǻá
ҲӰ?ŽмһˣŰɣϲܡ
񣬾
ٵ˧һ·̣ݹٸһ·⣬
ŵľʿ:ʲôˡ
ݹԼ縺һνŵδĹñͬھ
ʿ˵֮һ˾ͳͨ:Ԫ˧ӾѺ
ݹٽŵ˼㣬洫Ļӵ˵:
ȻǴͶһ̧֣˵:롣
͡ݹһ˶ǰƿصţ֮С
Ļһͳ˧ȴûе̿𣬱Ҳůȥ
ݹٽŵ߽ԼѾϣȻ׼
յĳս
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ZæڵϹ£Z񣬿гƵ:΢
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:
ݹӦһǡӵվ𣬼ĻӵĿԼϡ
һͻͷλĵ¿ԼһƺϳԼ:Գ?
ݹܳ:¼ǵ΢
Zͷͷߵߣϵͷ
ֻ£ûٵȥվԭؿ:ߵĵ
֣һѺݡ
ǡǰ
ݹζû뵽ZȻǵԼ뵽ԼѺ·ϽӵǷɸ
飬ҪԼ£һʱֻеź֮жҪº
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Zǰˣ֮ר˹ӦóԼģʲô
ҪͬԼ˵˵:㲻޹ʵǾʲô?
ڱ߾·;ңԶЩʱսһһشȥɴӾнӵּȴֻһ
⣬˵һ˳죬Ҫڱ߾o
ZԭţŷڣӦʲô飬ȴǰݹɫ
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ʱĿһ䣬ǰһǰ˵:׳ʲô?
ݹǰƺѹȨD˵:ص£Ǳ¡¸Ⱦؼ̫
ҽԺ޲ߣ¡-
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ݹһҧǰͨһ:ѾԲѣֻа
˵֮Żһ죬̧ȴZ֮½ͷ˵ϡ
ŵĽʿ̾س:!ʲô?
ӾݹʱҪǽͺܿɣǶļϸ
ǶZڻӪĲ£֮ų˽ݹٹڵɪɪ
ǵվһֳͷڵء
Zĺڣ˳̧һֻ֣˵:û£ȥ
ǡӪĽʿΥ˳ȥ
ſڵϵݹŹ̧ͷ̽Žһ¡ZĿ⿴
ʹ
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ĸʿܵҲԼĶһ桭-
Գ䡣ZٿʱѾƽӪве֪
û?
ǡݹæͷ΢һؿƿй¶!
Zͳ˵һáżǸڵͷȻ´ϡ
ݹٿȫǷ·޲ˡս޲ʤĭZˡ
ĸǧ֮⡢ǻʹ֮ؼ̤֮ҲҪͬ
ǰһȥӭսЩˡ
ֻݹٿıӰ뵽ܹԼ｡ȫ߳ȥһ
ˡ
紦
տûзѩսҰǰãǿɴۡ
ҵǰͳ˧ϣŽսĽʿһͷ:վȥսǱ
ܵͳ˧
ǡӦһ
ǶҽʿͣɽϱһͻƱˡ
ǰͳ˧ŴӶгƥŵսֶԽճսʿ˵
һ˾:úϧᣬܿԪ˧Ҫˡ
Ԫ˧ǳôʱųҲҪˣԪ˧ͳʮһ
Ƕűܷȫʱ
ʱɾͲĻᣬԵսܵͳ˧ˡ
仰һϲ漴ϵսʢ˼֣ȵZʹսںͣ
£Ϊ׵˱ӭսȥ
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˶еⲻѣյµĴб䣬һս졣
Ƕҽʿڵأ.ǹͣԼʺǰ
̧ͷZעԼĿ⣬ǹԼǰջȥŸеӿ
ͷ
ݶǰͳ˧۾˵:
սĵһŴӵû׷ȥͬܵĻӽԽǵڵϵս
صӪ֮С
ZصӪǰʹֱһ˲;ҵس鶯
ǻص˶ӪĽʿǰͳ˧ǰͳ˧:ô?
ǰȥ˶ûôܵġ
֪ʲô衣һȥ̧һǵѪóȫޱ
ͺȫ˼滹һ
Ļǰͳ˧棬Ŀ֮Zִǹֻϡ
һ紵ϵѩ:һȴĻھȻ˴򷨣֪
ʲôʡ
Ƭ̣ŵڶ˵:ȥҪġ
ǡ
ڶõǹصϳУǰһ˸˼СĽӭZ
ڶԷԼʱZҲԼսŶԷ˳
Ȼһ˫ٴײս֮ʱϲµѩٴӿ
˵սҲǽսսͣסȥƵʱ򣬸߸ףʹ˻
˵һ͹˲ۣȵڶսZĹƱһ֮
й֮޲ܵĽǾͶ̲סһ
ô?Ϊε½ð?
Z˺ݣֻõڶͬһһмܲסڽںˣǱҲһ
ɧ
ǵͳ˧ֹǣں֮ǰֵĻԼͬ
׷ʹֻҪ಻סֱӾͳȥ
ܵʿҲѪԣͳ˧Ĵ򷨣ǰľѹֻҲҪһеس
ǰȥֱ붫ݶ˿ս
ʱԶ¡¡ġܼ
ʲô
վڱܴĶҴȫķȥڹĶ桢ܴ
ߣһƬѩɫ֮УһƬӰͬѩƳϯ
ѩ֮Уս;ӰѾңңɼ
-Ԯ!
Ƕ棬ͬ˴ѩԭǰıˣȴͬ¶ѿ
ɫ
ǵĿڶƬѩϣȺɽӵԶ˵ĴҲ
ϡɼ
֧ʮյ£ȻȺҪִмûһʱ

ֱӶϣվͻʽս!
ڱܵľ֮Уһ彫µľƣޱȵĶҡ
ȵߴһսΪ˧Z϶ҪسһصӪУ
ҲûлִԼյˡ
˽ս
һӣһĻӡ
ŶĶԽԽ궯¶˾ģصشһźš
ʮ֮⣬һֱעĹֽӵźţȺȻԼ

ļ׼˶ҵǰͳ˧Ȼ͵һ֡
ǰZڶ˽սڰѶԷɨȥʱȻƿ

һݣ۽ʢһֻŶҷȥֱֱϹսǰͳ
˧͡һ͸Ŀ׷϶ȥ
ͳ˧!
ҷ򷢳ŭ
֧ӱӪзɳ׵صȼ˶˵ŭǰͳ˧ڴϵȥ֮
ǰ˳סѸٵƻȺ֮
ŭĶʿűܾ𵶽һź:ɱ!
̾ľڴ볯ŶԷɱȥ
Z˿̻ǰڶǰĵһ˽һ˶Ѹ
ޱȵس߳˹
һ뷽űZɨսĵڶһZΧ
!
˼״ͷ𣬸λ췭һսֳ
!
ܺͶҵʿǻެôõŭײһ˲ȫսƴɱ
˻һƬ

 293 
ZУһҪǰ֧Ԯͳ˧Ľ챻˵Ȧ⣬һʱ޷ͻo
ǰս֮¾ûٱʵ񻢿Ѿٴαѣ
ĺ֮ʱֻеؿѪӿ
ȫ˺֣Z¶Ѫ:ɱ!
ûͳ˧ʿǡͿ԰ѱ!
˿̣ߵԮͬԶﱼϮ̤ѩԭ¡¡𶯣ź֮쳹

˼Ķǰͳ˧ǰתƵ󷽣ҧűܷݵص:!
ܻ˱ɣȻʱµľҲһʼ룬ү
֮ǰ±ܡ
ȻǴڸɶʼձǿһߣֻܼܹȡ
Z׼ñܴ
ɱ! ! 
ǱܻǶҶѾɱۣȥʮսĶͽȫµ˱ܽ
ǰҪ赲⣬ǿZ
@޺ģڽѧ
Ѿ˵󷽵ǰͳ˧ҧ:վͰ!
Щ˶ô죬ɱǵͳ˧ͿԴǵµҲ
ǵķŭˣҪսϵġ
Ȼǰٶȱĸ죬ȷǿͻ룬ת˲ʹ˰ΧȦ
ֻϴһɫףʽZͬһƥɫϣ̤Ƭѩԭ֮
УͬѩΪһһ㡣
ȺͬŰɫ׵ľӣͬһɱѩؼϯ
·ǵжѻѩҲµӿƲų
Ҫ˺ĻΪ߾һֵıѩ
ǰͳ˧ְޣЩѾ˱ͳ˧Z䣬
һ춼ᣬ֮߱Zй֮޲
ʱ:ⲢƵ룬ʱһͽ
ʱǴǰͻ뽫гһӣսкȵ:!
һ£ľӶɢ˿¶˺󷽵̨Ȼ
һһʲô?!
ǰͳ˧Լϵļˣһֱͦ壬̨أѩ
˳ŷת
ţע£̨ڵϵľһӻתһͷս
Уʼֱײ
ʲô?
!
޵еĶֱ̨ײȻͱֽͬս¡¡ײ
ߺ֧ˣǰļʮɨ÷˳ȥ
⡭
ǶˣǱܽʿҲû뵽뾹սһ
о֮8һʱ䶼סˡ
ԮȷڶҵĶʮǰ˹һӣݺݵسһ֮󣬶Һ
ŵ
֮Уڴɫϣңңߵľ
һ̨ȴǵսʱһڹһս
Ѫɫ䡣
ʱҲȼףͱսӹ죬˺ˡ
սЩܹӵеĶյȼ׸սϵս
֮ʲôϵ?
ү!
һѾ˵󷽵Ķǰͳ˧ƿߵˣǰ
°²ү!
ǰͳ˧ǰô죬Ҫֻסս֣үɣȻ
û
ս֮ǰԼүĵ˵Ƿֻѡ
ڵûҪ˼
˿ע̨սϣڿǸѾɱZߵὫ졣
λȷᣬǴͷҲס󷽣书
·
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˵书ϵͬԴʩչ뻯ټܲٿսס
֮£ܹ̳˵ĵطֻһ
벻yһսҲˡ
ᰴԮ֮һ·ɱZΧ
ҪնZµĶͽѾڱΧ֮䣬ֻܱʣһСӣ
ֻι̣ðһʱ޷ͻ롣
ZݰΧȦУͼͻΧЩøԶıܽļ٣ָֻ
뽫ܹǵĵ¾Ȼ
ΧȦУZе˵Ĵ򷨱øӼ£ȻԮɱԼʱ
ˡ
⽣Ӱ֮У˻:ΪĴˣܻŻȥ!
νֵ˾Ҫûͳ˧Ǳܾһ
ɢɳ!
Zлʲôƫƫ˵:ǱܵĻʵм?Ҫ
Ļ֪ʲôӦһ
仰͵סԼǹ
ǰЩ޶ãΨ仰ȴŭΡ
ֻĿһ䣬Ҳٴα
һ
ڳΧ֮¾Ȼܹ˾һ
С 
Z֮ʱȫˣֱȡǵԪ۵ĵˣ֮Ƕ
湥ĵһʱ䶼Եֵĸо
˴赲ҲǱòϺˡ
ΧȦ⣬˾һҽ:һһ!
Ƕ!
ǾĵڰΧ֮Уɱһ!
һϲڰߵʮȴһͻ:ʦܣ!
ZʵӦÿԿߣ˺
ֻΣա
ȦУȻһ˱ɱ˾ͱ÷:ɱ!
Zϸֳһ˿⡣
ɱĵ˹Ȼˬ죬Ҳ͸֧Ϊ̡
ţΧȦԽԽһڿڳٴδһˣ˾
ֱ۷ȴǹ⴩͸˵š
ɫĶһץסǹͷZһȴûаζ
ʯ֮䣬ӱϮķʹӰΧȦͬʱ͵־Ҫ
ܿһ!
ֻϧùһȴڶ
ΧȦ⣬ıܽһŭ𣬼һֻնϵֱ۷һ˲
䣬ĿһĻ˶еı߾ѩԭϵĺιֻһƬȻ
᰸ʮ˰ΧȦ֮Уֱ۱նѪȪӿZ
ZһۣѪȾʮקԼϣ̱֪Ҫصܾ
Ӫȥ:ʦ!
᰽Ǹ˴붫ŵĳ.ǹǰһƣ׶ٽ.ǹһ
ZıͻǹϵĶϱһ׸ʮ:ֱһȥ!
նϵʱ䲻Ҳлӵûȥ
ʦԼС!ʮӵ˶ϱۣɣ̾ͶԼߵ!
ÿ!ÿ!
Zһ·ϵıʿÿһ·ZĶϱ֮Ѫ죬Ѫ
ѩһ·@޺ģڽѧ
ԭ׵ĵƬƬѪµģҲбսʿµġ
!
ʮоϢɵüӿٶȡ
һֱֻôصˣȲ˵ֻֻܲܽӻȥ˵ܻܲ˴
ɡ
Сʦһ·Zʱˣֻ»Ṧ
һ-ȡ
һصܾӪʮûֱҽӪʡ
ЩʱһֱûпսҽεǶ˵ʿսһҲ
˳ŵؿս֡
һиǴܲͬ׵ĽɱŸ˵ˣ
Ƕһ¡
һһʮͣطZǻվԭز
ü ǵͳ˧ˣ? !
?Ϊ׵Ͼҽϳ˵ǵĻӡ
ҴӭĿʮĽʿŵֻϱʱ͵һ

곤ȣ̱ƽͽ˵:죬·ȥ!
Ȼȥ׼ɴˮֹѪҩΪѪֹס˵
ʮӹZȴûҪֱֻ۵˼Ǵùֻ
ȵֱۣ˵:˴!ùȥϡ
ĻµϾҽƤһ顣
Ȼ֪ǰλǼֲǰĻӴҾ֮
дˣϾҽ̬Ϊء@޺ģڽѧ
λʮԼ˵Ҫ뽫ĵֱֻӻȥǻ٢Ϸ
ȴġ
ԣʱֱýȥҲû塣
ʮ:-.. 
ֻ֣ҽԶԣֻ뵽ܵλĵ´Ӵ˱Ҫûһֻ֡
ӢȱսϱZ˵Ǳܵ?
Ͼҽתȥʮȴûٳ
һۻȥܱá
ţǰһ󼱴ٵһ̧ͷԶһȺʿ׷һһ
һ汼ܣһվס
ʮ䱸ʲôʱ˾Ӫ֮?
ƥԼϵ˴źɫĶ񣬶Ҳѩ
һǰҪƣϵ˾ѾһеĿ͵ֹ
סȥƣǰ㷢˻
һͣŵ˾ͽ⿪˶񣬷
վס!
󣬱ʿſ׷⵨ôӪŮӣҪס
ȻǲһǰĽȵ:ס!
ضԭأǸžʵĺŮҲڽĿתϣʮ
ĿһӴȷ:
ֱܾӪĲǱˣǰȥĺ
ʮɵǰһʱս˻ңȴƫôΣյĹͷԼð
Ȱߡ
ֻδڣͼĿԼϣʵ:˭?
ʮɫ΢΢԰ףǱ߾ĺ䣬һʱôش:?
!
ڱȺʿСһڴʹȥĽŴҴҸ
Ǹոյס˺ˣñͻ뵽˿̼ھ⣬վʮ
ʲô£ŷo
ⶢʮ߰ŷɱȴĴ𰸡
˵ᰵ֣Ҷʮعǻش˵:ǱĻӵ
֣ոսб˿
Ļӡ
ǰᰣеĺȥҲָѪɫ뵽Լ
ɫٴαȻ
ûжԥǰһʮǰ:ָҡ
ZĶϱۣͽСУЩ׷ıʿǰ
뽫ݣȻּҪֻϱ۽ȥһʱ䶼ȷǲԼ
ʮҲӦκƽˣZֱֻ˵оȣ˵
:Ҳȥ!
Сż̿¶ȱͷҪ߳࣬ͷ
԰Ա
ΪſսZǵһ˻
߽ҽòסļȻýļѨϣͼֹ
סѪ
һǰʹסZļλҽͶ̧ͷ
곤λҽʮ֪ݲͬڴʱҲ̲ס¶˲֮ɫ:
˵Ȼ뿪Ҫڴ˴š
ʮǷϻص:ǳȥﰭ¡˵һ֣Ͱѵڴ
ǰ˶ץ˿·
㡢һ
һΪĵֹѪĶҽޱ־š
ȻǾھУҽߣûжսʮץžǷֺܶ
˿϶Ѿĺɰȡ˰ɫĴƿοƿȽȪ
ZС
ʮһĻϤȻûԼ˵:Ҫˮ
ɾĲߡ
˿ڵģЩӽ͹вУһ
ĻҽͲµ뽫ZĶϱ۷ϻȥ
ֻû
徭Ǻεȵľܣϵֱ۱жϵĲǽǣд۸ӵľ
ھҽǣҲô̵ʱڰѶϵֱõطȥ
һӣûкúҩͻȾĵҲҪ׽ϣ
ԾҽҪֹ:򲻿!
ֻ֫Ầ˵Сﲻҽߣݵú!
СĴ㣬Ҳģδ֫˻ܷȥ֪Ҫ
ű
ˣһЩҽĻ̷:ǿǴ׷ĺ!
׼ʲôǾȥ׼ʲôȻ˽ͳ˧ֱۣǵ𡣡

 294 
û˵ֻZ
ZȪԺȻȥû̺תܹס
Ǽҽı׷Ŀʱ:ĪǺ
ڴǶ֪ҽҲġ
Ȼ֮ôԶľ룬ƽĶ񼲾ǲƽĲ
ҽ޲ߣֻкκ֪ҽ
һǾûıҪˡ
ʮԺԾ£ҪԼץţĵʶࡣ
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ͷ˵:ҪͷλȳȥҵŮҾͺá
ϾҽʩȵʱԿţҪҽбܣֻҲȻ
ģӦá
һ̸£λҽȥ׼ҪĹߣϾҽͣߵŮ
Ҳ䣬ȡ˽룬:ŮŶҵĵҪǿ
˱ˡ
ʮԼûʲô¿ʱ:һҪæ
ZѪ۵Ķһ٣̧ͷ˵:ˡ
ʮظ:ãҾͻȥˡսϾƲûǻصʦȥ
տĺ󱳡
ڳսӦûûʦܵݣ֪ܵͬ˭ս
ϵۣZˣ޷ƽʦˡ
ٿڴͷϵZۣϣֱܹ½ϣʹ˳ȥ
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⿴һЩ͹ĶԼҪȳȥ
ϾҽӦһǣ˴뿪һķѩܿ
Ļͽ·o
ȻԼﱻϳͷҪǵͳ˧ҽ
ûʲôԹԡ
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ǵҲԵľȥֻ˼ȥûŲŲŵȵ
ˣܹȥһҽ
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Уĥɵ봩ߣŮС
ѾZϱ۴ѪۣҲֻѩֱһС˵
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飬ֻҪĿ·ҪʲôҪϵֱ۷ȥС
ûаա
޺ģڽѧ
⣬ֱֻ۹̶Z򴦵˵:㣬ֻܰ·
ȥЩϵľҲܡ--
ֻܷ졣˵ͷ鲻㵣ġ
áСõ仰㿪ʼ֡
ĥüĹڴ˵Ƥ֮ʱɼɬС
ֱûҩһ߷һ߿ڴϵˣʹѻϲ
ͣչȴҲ졣
Zڱһֱ֮󣬸еԼ˾һ·Żص˺󷽡
ΪʧѪһֱ־֪ԼǱ͵ڼ伫֮

ǰһие׹ѣһָе·һ˿üҪ
ϱ۴ľʹ˿̱һָӼʹ࣬ڶֱʲô?
Z۾ʶ֮ȴֻܽƤſһ죬ԼԼӰ
ӣߣһ˹̶ֱۣһƺڸϡ
ӰȥǾеˣҪȴʹιȥ
С۲ZķӦٶʧȥʶֻ̧ͷ
˵:죬Ҫͣ
Ȼſ˹̶Zֱ۵ֻ֡
СѾһȦZֱѾǿ̶ϡ
ٴ˷ǸƿȪǰֻιZһ룬ڼٴιȥ
죬ʣһȪҲι
Ȧ࣬΢΢̧Z֣СֱӴݣ·ȥ
ֱֻбһǶϿġ
Сͷð?
һֻһĸǿֱֻ۸һ

ȵͣʱСѾڲ
⽫Zֱ£С˵:úá
˱ĿޣС԰ֻһ϶˵ģһʱڴ齱
û
Ƶһߡ
ŵˮѾȾZѪûùķˮߣ
Ȼĺɰȡ˸Ȫ
СһƿˮȻֵһƿһƿ㵹ƿͣ֡
ùİ״ƿذϣˮ裬ƻ˴齱ߣˮһ԰ĵ
ϣҪZ
ĶСҪְæȴ˵:á
Сջ֡
һ˾̧Z
ƲСܵλĵ´оһǣ
ԼСϰ䣬Ҳܰô赭д
@޺ģڽѧ
⽫ZİƳ˴齣ȻҲ³򶼽뵽˼Ȫ
ˮС
ˮ䣬øеZϵļر'
һıһִ࣬б
ܴZ׹ֱȥˮݣҲȡ̫Ȫ˽
УֻУϡˮݡ
Լŵˣ֫˸룬ҪϾǰֻ
Ҫ
ȪŨȲߣҲܻЧ
Zˮн˴һյĹˮԭˮѾȾ˵Ѫ
ɫȻСȥһɾˮƿȪٴZĶϱӴ
нݡ
ݹΣùˣŰ·Ż˴ϡ
ȾѪСѾˣZŻشϣ˫'գϢȴѾƽ

ûĶ֫ϴþгõҩȡ˸ɾӣȪ
ֱӲZֱϣСñΪù̶ס
Сʱ򣬱վһԿϳֱϵ⣬һЩ˿ڡ
Щ˿ڶѾˣһǴսɱˡ
СΪֱۣԡ
Ȼ¿ȥZֱѾһˣСỹʮֵĲȷʱ
:㣬Ļӵֱ۾ܹȥ?
֪˵Ҳû
ZƬ̣˵ȥǽɡȪҪһϲŻЧ˵
ٿǲټӴȪ
С˵ͷתȥľҽ
ǴҴҹ̾˵ZⲻֻͣбҪ
Ϻ?
ȴľҽСԼ˵ǽȥҲ̫ˡ
ŵʱ򣬱紵žö꣬Сһ־ÿ죬
ìܵʹǿ첽ȥ
һصУҽ͸е¶ȲůڣǼվ
ǰıϵZ
ֻϵֱѾӻĻϣñ̶ˣԵûѪ

ǰʮֺãոպҪͽĹ߶Ѿù
ˣֻǱʶһ£ȴûŵҩζ
ԼõҩûǾеҩۣҲҽĲ֮
ˡ
@޺ģڽѧ
˿Zɫڻ˯֮УȻüͷΪʹȴƽ
̲࣬סǰΪ
齱ÿΪZϡ
곤λҽǰΪZȵԺ¶ϲɫ
ʦľҽʵΡ
ҽϷʰ·硣
ҪԱ񣬿ɱֱס:ҵ
ٴοZDۣȻֱ۸½ӻȥˣ֮ܲͦȥҪ

˵ţǰϾҽҲĵµ£ˡ
Ͼҽ:Ƿ֮£뿤ġ
һ䣬ʹСתȥ
ʣУȥӰٿȶĻӣо뵽:һ
ס˵ֱֻۣ֮սУֻ֪᲻뻯ҽǴ
ܽʿ?
뿪ʻص棬ſڵĽ͸˱ߡ
֮ӪеĽʿѾ֪ĺͬЩ
ԮǵһѷǵС
ڽΪǳＯʣԸҽǵͳ˧
СڱߣԲЩǵߣȴ֪Ҫȥ
ֻҪڴӪУǾͻǰȫġ
֮пʼѩƮ䣬˵ߣǰսϵƴɱ˻

ս浹µսʿͳ˧̳غ󷽣ֻҪһϢд棬
Ҫеս
ͣסŲ˴̫ͣսΣĿΧɨһȦѰһ
ҪǸȥ
Сæϣһ£ҰȻһǰսϵɱ֮

ս֮۵ģȥ̨ս
СֻսпһۣȫǸˣȴֻһ֮󣬾ͼս
ԼҪҵˡ
ѾʮסװĿսһɨͼȻԱһ
˰ᰡ
Ȼˡ
Ǳһοףϳе潣ɱС
˳.ǹǰɨһϣýرܹһȻ潣һ
ס⼸˳.ǹһɣЩǹ£һһԷ

ս˻ΧĶû뵽
ҶҲðᰵͷѣȥ¶
ڽΧĵɨ֮Ȼе'תͷܴӪķȥ
վϵı⡣
Ȼ룬˵ĿٺҲԷϵɫһ̣ǵĿ
ȷԷڿԼ
Сʦ!ʮһûע⵽ڿʲôսô?!
ǣʦ֡
ֻǶӶݣ᰺ܿתͶ뵽սֵС
ҲĿƿŸԶĵطȥڶҵĴ֮ҵɫ
ڡ
ոϵŶҵʮȻԳһҲˡ
øԶƿı⡤
սǰƽ󷽵Ѿȥܹԣǰսϸ˵Ա

ЩԱشӪУӱǰȥע
ʱĿƿС˵:ߣȥˡ
տʮյľҽУѾԱͽ
õľҽճ׵æµ洦ɼ֫Ѫ˵ʿ
ŨصҩζѪζ
׼õѾˣͽԱֻܱڵϡ
ҽæµţ޲һãͽĽʿû꣬µĽ
ʿ˽
ֱͷðź飬˵:ˣѾݲ!
ǰ˷ڵϣҲҪƬʹ.ҵطţж
һZУԼͳȫֵϾҽһΪǰԱֹѪ
һͷҲصص:ǾͰѾκõԱͻǵӪ֮Уڳλø!
⡭
ָľκõԱָùҩ˴ʿǰᶯ
ȥֻʹ˿ڱѡ
ʲô?ϾҽظǰؿڿһʿֹѪΪ
Ѫֹסüȥ!
ǡֻˡ
ߵӪſڣҪȥ˽ԱƻǵУͼԱͻĽʿ
ҪϺϻմԱѪ
ſһϣȾҽڣ⽫˵:ҽӪж˼
ԱȻʿ͵Ǳȥˡ
ٳ˼?
⻰ľҽЩ㶡
һʼûôӪʣΪҽޣھٳ˵ط
ҪҾҽȥ?
Ҳûа취İ취ˣ˵:ãͬȥ
Ҫͬʦ˵һԼȥµӪжţȻһ֮ôԱҲ
˶ãʤޡ
ҽȥǰȴסǼӪҽտ
ǡ
-ʱҽ?
ѵǡ۾һľҽ!
!⽫ϲص˸ľҽк!
ǡĸ֣ˣǰΪϱ۵ǵã
ս϶ֶϽŵʿ㹻ˣ͵˵ܹסֽ!
Աһھҽܵѹ˲ͼˣҲȫͶԱľΣǰӽ
˹ҩҲó
֮ǰûЩҩʱǻ֪ЧԽ˾ҽġ
һսп˵лʤ!

 295 
ɫѺڣ˷ѩȥսطʬ
ʿʬСӴսϣҵĴ˵ǵӪ֮УǰԮ
˵˱ܵפ
һΰһִսͬǰһսɱŻ
ߵʮȻýһɱ죬˵Ŵʦֻ֮
ʹһˡ
Ȼ˵֮գȴһصо̹
ǧΪأҪ!
Ǳ֮˿𺦣ĩѴ!
Ԯܵģǵıսġ
ϻףսͷժ£ͻȻͳ˧˵»ָ
ǰӪʣ˵ʮŵˡ
ڽӪУţԭűڻ
û뵽תͼ½һƬ
ǸȥʮڼҲֻܸŹĿ԰ᰱʾ
ԼĪ
λɡֻܿԼͬǱ֤һ¼Ȩ
´ˡ
@޺ģڽѧ
½±֤뽫Ը
ӪУϵѪδɢձնɱڵµ˲
ԼҲͳƵУ˱͵ࡣ
ԮܣԭȴûǱܵĵ
ǿǵͳ˧ˣܼҪһߣҪŸν
ϱһʱҲǿġ
ӪЪܿһսͳƾͱ͵С
᰽ӹֽһ֮ɫ
ʮԣĽ֮˼־״˹ȥ:ʦ
-һô?
תְͳƵ
ʮӺһ֣ͬ¶˲ŵı
ཫ״Ҳ˺ģʮͬһ֮ͰֽԼˣ
ͳƽܿд
⡭
ô-"
ʱ䣬϶һı顣
һ̣ʮ򣬱ܴʮ붫ҵʮϣսҡ
ԭսȥἫ࣬͵ȥƵԱӦҲûмܹ
û뵽սƵĲ࣬͵󷽵Ա
أһ
ͺں󷽵ĴӪУ˭ȫ赲Ǽ֮⡣
оֳһͷǿԵʰ?
Դӱκðӭ֮¾ͶһģЩͻȥԱһ
⣬Ѿ롣
ǿһǿ
ҽں󷽣һ±˰ˡ
ΪĴڶ񱸣ᰵ¶һЦ⣬嵭սɱȾϵ
ɱ
Ѿعܣô飬ȴʼûлʵݡ
ϵЦݵȥ֪ʲôʱܹԼ
ӪУʮѾͬ˷̸ܵһȥˣʱĽʿ
ͨ:λܵͳ˧ˡ
ӱΪZֱۣȪʪ˿ڣʱ䲻ȥ˰ա
ZᣬѾָʶҲָ
۾ԾǵԼնұۣ֫ԼȥһĻ֮һӦ
ȥԼʹұۡ
ԭΪῴյһƬû뵽ȴԼֱۻϡ
ȻʹܹоԼ֣ھʹ֮ҪֵĶҲָܼ

ͻغ󷽵Աڶ࣬æZеľҽҲòߣֻĽ
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һZָѣҪӴȥˮΪϴµĽϵˮ
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ϤZ̧ͷԼĽҴ߽ڴ齱߹£ؿ
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ZҪڣһھ͸оԼĸɿʺɳơ
Ľ״æȥˮ:¡
ZõֻֽӹˮһȻٴοԼֱۣʵ:ô
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ǵԼǱԮӰΧȦоȳͻ˺󷽴ӪȴǵԼֱô
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ֱͷЩ:ȷѵ¾Ȼѵ
µֱҲˡһصӪУҽԭѾҪֱۣȫסµ
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¸ѾܹٴβٿֱֻۣԽҽ
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ZǰֳԼڻ֮мӰһͿԽΪʲôֱܱ½
ˡ
뵽ƿӾҪ´æס:£δҽ˵˶

Zȷʵеһǰ󷢺ڡ
ŽֱڴƬ̣۾:벻ԶǰԮұ
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Zɫɲ԰ף߼ҲҪ˲½֮»¶ɫıȴǻָ
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ZͷָԸ˶ոѹʱ򣬻ķҪһЩ
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ZǰϾҽ:صһҪúþǧҪٶˡ
ԼǰҲ˵ȴȫû½ֱûսбնϣҲº
֢ڳ׵һܻһЩ
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Ѿ⣬Zǿ:롣
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ZŴˣǰὫ죬ǰнԼȳˡ
Լ£һڽΪ֪һδԮܣ
Σ˾˭ˡ
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ԭ᰽ZѾָѻվѾΪеıһء
ZҪӭǰæ߿켸Zǰסֻû
˵:Zʱ򲻱ؽ񡣡
ܽŷӦǰľǵµ!
һսҲǵĻӡˮɱ!
Zֱۣ˵ЩʲôһƬĦתͷһڱܽ
¹д:л³Ԯ֮!
ǣ˵御ˡ
ᰵھв¶ȴ
Zһصۼڿ˧ʣȴԵǰδеӵ

ZȻȴûҽȰ˵ȥͬһͳƸһսĸ
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һܵͳƱԭԤҲҪСöࡣ
ʿǣܽϲص:д½дǵ
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һʱս֮УΪͽΧ㱻նɱ¡
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ڸ̵ʱҲû֧
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һһǾ˸ϸڣ˵:һĿȷֱȡǰͳ
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⡪Zվ֮˲᲻֪
ȥ顣Z̧ۣȴԽȥȥһ˭ŵġ
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ܽǹֱŽű⹰ֵһٶ˵л֣
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һսǶ˽ջͲ˪Ƶսϼ棬
ɽԴ䣬ٻˡ
Щǳ˽ġ˵һ˲ǺܶĻպ¾ͻס
ԱгǰУҪΪĻԵ顣@޺ģڽѧ
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ȥֱۣZ˼
Zܶϱ۴ʹڳͷð飬Ҳζֱ۵֪
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Сڱ󣬼Zֱ۶̶̰վѻָֻеϵȪо
ԱסٶҲ˿һĻ𺳡
ǰϾҽУ˿Ҳ˵:ҽϷķ

ѵõģһȥȻȴʱ˵Ա
ؾǡ
Ϊ˶ϱĺʱûа취нʿ֫嶼Ϊ
أȴǻĻᡣ
ܹŴս˶ԣѾ㹻ˡ
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Ҫ糣ҩõҩɡ
ҩȪƵģӽ㹻ZƺĻָٶȣα
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ʱ⴫һͨշżѱץס
ץס?еĽˣʱһη֣˴!
ֱ֣֡иֳ˼ɫ
ZΪźõλȥʱĿȺܽɨȴ
ϸµع۲ÿһ˵ķӦһ彫ɫ졣
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᯵ĸϵɫҲһɱѺԺͳ׵Zһ
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·ĽҲ˵ΪôͰץ:˰շż֮ʱǡþĩ
Ұ֮С
Ȼųһ֮ͺܿȥʮ־쵽˱ӪС
᯸ױйĿı죬ǵʱսѾͻѴ˿

ʱһ㣬սҪȥӪZȴҲûǶԼߵױ
ȥ˵䡣
ԸղһдҪôˣȻѸײڶ֮ưץ˻
˱ץѹڵϵʱ򣬱ܽǸɫλ彫Ŀ
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ZȻȴ֣λץ᯸֮㿴
ڵϵĹ֡
ò˫ĿȻüĺ֡
Zһжǰͳ˧֪һԲʧַųȥġ
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Zףͳص:㹩ĻָʹԷŹļˣȥ׷
˾ͼ⹭ֵ鲻ϱ任ȻļҶ
ö׻ǹĻ֮ˣȡԼ֮ǰһŮӵ
˵:а취ڡ

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Ȼ̧ͷ˵Ǻ
ŵϹŵĹ֣ǰ쳣彫ڼҪʱ
'֪Ҫʲô
ǰЩ£ԱҪʲôж
彫ֻܿһߵǰÿһ·𶼸⹭ּѹ

ֲ¾еʣȴŹĪֶε뿤
˳ʲô
֮ͣ£ȡһƿ
ƿһóֵĿͲƵ
Ǵҩƿ˵ȴû˵ǳĸڣֻҪһΣ
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⻰һʱڵȻߵ˰ѹⵥֶƿ
:ж°͡
Ѻ᯸䣬һ־ж˹ֵ°ͣŲȡ˳
:
ǰֵĿеһƿеҺ壬ܿƵȥ֮󣬾
°һƣѾʵ°ͺ˻ȥ
彫ԼλѾʼ
˵ĿⶼιҩĹϣûע⵽
˺һϵı鿪ʼã֮仯ȻҩѾЧˣ
ͼֿ
ֿͽ͵ģܿɫͳʧȥϵıɨDַɵã˳
վǰı⿪ʵ:һ˭ָʾŵ?
ǡ"
ֹڵϣ΢΢ҡţ˶
:˭
еıܽ춼ס˺³˴:ܽ
Ļһ£彫ʹλվָŭȵ:!豾
!
Ӧͼλߵм䣬Zǰ£˫ֱȭ
Z˵:!һЧҴܣЧұ£Ϊܳ
̣ʱ£ս֣ӰµİΣ!
˵þپ٣Сʱ۷׷ףǱܽߵ
¡кüλϽ֮ҲͬʱվZֵܽ
䣬£!
ձɣܹʱһõµİΣڲˣҪտܽ
ԴǣҲûпܡ
˵ţվеı⣬Щҩֶ֮ű˵
:ֻһ⣬óĴ𰸿ƫȫ䡣
Zϵɫϲŭű
⣬ҹ𽥱ķÿһ˶ߡ
ڵϵĹûµķʣάŵͷ̬Ӧ
ǰ彫ôΪԼ˵ZҲƺԼҲ̲ס
һ΢΢и
ûʵ֤Ͳ¶ۡ
⹭ּȲĦ£ԼʱֻǿͷԸڽƾһ仰
Լ
ֻɻûм̣͸еߵԼǰס˴ǰĻ⡣
彫һ̧ͷվǰǺ:ǡ
˫ڳ۾·Ƭ̶һâҲӳ
ͣǰԾǸƿ:벻ǣֻܽҪҩǾ֪
ˡ
˵Ѹسһ!
һһ! 
彫û뵽ȻֱӶ֣еҲûԤϵ׻д˾ٶ
ҽû书ܽоô꣬
ȵϵġ
һʱ˶վе:!
⡰ɡȴǶű˵ģǶҪȥ彫˵ġ
˺ǵϴԼϵɣýյľøӸ!
彫Ҳʶһ㣬ԭȥͱñֱʮɵһ¾
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Ǳһഥ͸еϸϴǧ޷
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˵ϡ
ȴʮ˹
˰һֹ֮ǰѸݵж彫
ͣͷſ졣
ĬƿҩѸٵ彫С
һ䣬˶ֹͿĺλὫѹǴ
Ľǿ¶ԵҩУȻꡱһֽ°ͺˡ
彫˻Σܿ죬ǰڹϵıҲϡ
ǹĵֿ΢˲Ϊҩã˳
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һΣʵȨ
ZλϻӸµؿŹڼ֮彫Ȼ˵Ϣп
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ǡ彫¶΢΢ɫϵҡ
˵ĶУһס
ǰΪǼ϶¶ŵɫ:ܣ㡭
ⲻɫع۲ǵķӦ֮Ѱſɻ˭̬죬һȴû
ҵ
!ǹֱŽԼͬۻ£ϸֳʹļ׵
ɫڷʲôͿ?ΪҪ!
޶ˣЩʱѾ಻סҪɱеģڵ»ս֮еʱ
һıͳ˧кβ?
ЩԽԼָͬʹ˷ż˼ͳ˧ĽǣΪһЩɥZ
ɫǻҪƽ
ǰ¶֮ɫ彫ֻʵ:Ϊʲô?
ǡܽȴֲҩã׻ǳʵشǺү
үĩ֪֮ĩò-- 
@޺ģڽѧ
𰸣ܽ϶ھɫ
彫˵ĺүˣڹֳƽ
ƽľɲսϳ¹ѫ˵Ч̫ЧҳԪ۲٣
֮ǰЧһˣƽһҲˡ
ƽս˸ZɱΪʲôǻ֪?
ǵͳ˧йӣսպգռ̳нɽ嶤飬սʧȥ
һۣʧȥλȻͻ䵽ϡ
ǹ֮ӣƽǵǻΪۣڼҵĵλȻͬն
ıȷʵҲЧˣZȷʧȥһֱֻۣǱֱֻ۾Ͳ
ٽӻȥˡ
彫˵һ֮ɫָֻƽ˵ˣ
Щܽ춼Լʺ
ᰴZ:үҪǾȸˡ
ҪߣӸܣλȻҲ
Z˿ˣû̫˵滰ҰҲ⣬⻹վԭû

ΪĿӦһ뿪˷õóҩ
֮һʱ֪ǸûԼһ뿪
ûо̫ʱ䣬ʹԭת˵:
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ס֮󣬾תZ˵:Щ飬֤
仰˵ЩѰζ
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λпʼһֱڰǣ׷ݣܣɽ
ǣһֱΪ£ûɲ@޺ģڽѧ
ZһͷҲŰ˵:Ƭ̡
áᰴӦúܸɴ࣬ԥתصλϣǱٵȵȡ
뽫ĻƴӣҲ׷׻صԼǰλϡ
תҩˣǷõļﲢ࣬ʧȥԼĿ֮󣬺ܿ
ָֻʶ
ʮɿ˰ܽϵ֣ǹȺ۾
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λǸеѡеʧĿ⣬˶ɫί٣ܽһ˲ʮꡣ
Zվڼ֮⣬ΪƲգȴɸеѹô
ܽZڵ㻹ʲô˵?
彫ҡҡͷ:ĩ޻˵
ز˵ʲôҲûˣ˾ˡ
ѾĻָʹZֻɱһļˣʴȿˡ
ȻٽͣZԼλϣտս֮ǰ£뵽
Ǹݹ٣Ȼ̧ͷ˱⡣

 297
֪?
ֻ˱ÿ죬ں棬ȸϵʱֻüԼӹŹ
½ֻʧȥֱۡ
ͷһZ͸еԼֱ۶ϴһȼ̧סԼļ磬
:ˡ
ӪʵĽǰ:ڡ
˼֣˵:ȥѺƽ
ǡԥת뿪Ӫʡ
ZȻҪѺݵݹ˵ﶼɻһݹʲ
ô?
ίڵصܽȴ뵽ʲô̧ͷZĿ罣·Ҫ
Լ
Сʱ뵽ݹ˭ˡ
ˡZѺȥ
뿪Ѹ٣Ҳܿ졣
ݹûգֻǱס־ͲܶѺʱסص:Ϊʲ
ôץ?ǲʲôᡱ
֪ĻӽսˣһֱֻۣҲѾˣûԤϵ
ԼᱻץZȥץʱԼţûҪߵʶ
¡
ѹУӵϡ
ݹٹУץƾ۵̧۾ͼЩսɱ
ܵϷѪȾ˽š
ԴˡZϲŭ׿ô˻Ǳл
Ҫ𡣡
¡ֻ!ݹæ΢һ֪޲ԣ޲
Z˵:㣬˭㽫µϢġ
⡭ݹ⣬̱Ȼǻʺﰡ
ZȻؿˣʱ߱ʲصϢ
ñսʧֶϱۣԭָʹ
ݹһ֮ǰܽǹֶѾѺȥ֪
֮⣬ıжѾ¶
һҧҧԼǷ˻ʺ:΢ǻʺ²
δóʲôү!
˵֮ذݷڵϣ֪Լܲɻء
ĻӾȻôǰ飬ͬ˵ıȫһ֪˾е
ʵ޾ôܵĽѶ֪
Դˡ
ͷŹת꣬˵Ǿñ߾뾩ֻ֮
Ϊ˽⣬ү˿Զʣƭү
⡪΢򲻸!
@޺ģڽѧ
û˭˵ȸе漴ʶ˵ǸŮӡ
ھôŮ?
ڵϣе߽Ǵֱ۵³Ա߿ȥɫȹڸŮӵ
Ь
ֻһ˲㽫˵˸Ӫ֮еĺ˺š
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ΪԼĻ?
ݹٿȻеԼͣ£Z˵:̧ͷԴˡ
սսͬʱ۽ԼվŵĹǺ˰ء
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֪Ρ
ݹǿԼĶԼǽϵĲԿһЩԼһ
뿪ǵģ֮µĲб䣬Ƕ˵˵г룬ԼҲн͵Ļᡣ
֮һҪס
ö⣬Ҳƽ׵ĻԼ:Դ˿֪վ
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΢֪ݹٽС΢ػشĺ߽壬Ϊ
ô£ֲ˰Σ߾΢ͬһԿ羴л
վڰߵʮ˵ü:˵ǵĿô羴
˵ĻҲǲỳɵĿ
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˵վһߣݹظо⻰Լ˿ӡ
˵ǵĻǾƷǰ˵ĳ羴л˵ǵĻǾûиԼ
ء
ô𣬶壬һʱ˽ŵľء
ZûҪش仰ֱת˱⣬ڲ³֮һֱ
ʵ:ӾҲ£֪Ҵӵ?
ү˵뿪֮ǰУµĲ顣
仰ݹپٴθеĵ׷顣
۽ǵ⿴һۣZӣûһ
ңĻҲ𲻵ôõЧ
Ҫĺڹĺݡ
Ҳ֪Īĸ֪ԼĶ²ȥ֣Բں油ôһ
ܵıǰзεȻΣǾҽ֮޴󰭣
Ϊµķ֮ѾȬǰ
ʲô?ݹһ̧ͷʧⲻ!
Ԫ۵Ĳû߭ZôأҲѾȬǰ
!еŭȵʲô˼
еĽ춼ڶԼŭĿӣݹٶʱʶԼķӦԡ
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ӣǾô֮Ǹ֮ˣвܶɹһ?
⻰˵ģƾܹZϵֱ۸ӻȥڳû˸˵ҽ
ǳ
˳Ļȥϵڶ㣬ǾǳԼӣﲻˡ
ݹٺ٣̶̼仰֮䣬ٽžأڸԼ
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һֱԱ߿ûпڵİ᰺Ȼ:Zڱ߾ӭսҴǧһΣ
ע˲ܸϻȥܵĻʺүĸף¸ĸڴʱĶӣ
ǵۺҲ⡣һĸôʱ˽Ϣӵ
սʧء
˻Ȼ漴ŭ
ѹֵ½սϻԭΪ!
⡭ݹٻѾƵǰӸ¿סߣ
ݹҲò̧ͷ
վǰλȻ紫ǰǣֻ˫۾Լȴ
Լ
ƣϢ߾үûмʱϵ
ֱֻ۾ԶطˣȻҲͳӵ⣬ûٸǸλã?
ݹٲҿڣȷʵүĴ㣬ʱҲܳϵġ
ǰȴȫҪͷֻһ㯶Ŀ⿴Ȼתȥ
׵Z˵:£ôıλһ֤һ顣
Zͷ:˵޷
תͷʾվԼλС
˾ͼǸŮһʾߵ룬֪«ʲô
ҩ
ᰵĿŮŵǸľϻϣҲµʲôҪԼ
֤

СǸľϻ˱ǰֽӹ
ϻУеһڽչʾһȦ˵:ȥУ
ΪΣһ¡ʱ뿪ܾǵ߾Ϊ˾ˣһ
ҲΪС
˵Ѿߵ
ǿϻӣ֪һϵϻ֮ϡ
ҲûʧתZִ֮ȥʮʵľϻ
¶ŵĶ
⡪
ϻ֮һ֣˾ϳ
ʥּ!
ŮϻŵģȻǨDʥּ!
һʥּŴӾ߾ԽҪڹı𴩵ʱ
򣬹ǰ
뵽дĿʲôλĺɵü
ȡϻеʥּֽľϻӵϡ
ϻط죬˶ûȥĿֻǼŵʥּϡ
⿴Z˵:ӭZּ
һĦڳıܽ춼ZZֳʥּıǰ
:ּ
ܽԼͳ˧һأֻɴԼλϣǵλ
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ԹŵؽԪӭZʴء𢣬ڭZԲᱦ
Ϊ̫ӣմˡ*
ʥּϵ־ּ̣ᣬŮӣȴϣ˵ϡ
Ļ£еһƻһһ˲İ
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ĻǹһصĽҲѹ˵:ꡣ
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Լϵô׼йүıȫһ˲һʱ
ֱƿתͷȥ˱ѹ
ڿ彫ʱݹٵͫ͵һ
ܽ
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ܽưܵɫתͷȥZʶΪβҪ
ϡ
彫һжѳɶ֡
һѾҪĻӼ̳д󱦣дʥּΪλһ˰
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彫еץһ˿âڱƵй֮󣬲˿ھȳ˵
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¶̫ѡҪһʥּĻΪһ͹
Zˣʥּģò֤֤ͿԱ϶Ļ
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αʥּλ¾ͻתΪʤĻ!
Z⣬ɫ䣬ȴ̲סֱ塣
ıܽҲ̲ס¹ش󣬻뿤ó֤ݣ֤ʥּα
졣
ǲòҲһٴʥּĵڲ塣
:á


 298 
׳ĵ֮ǰ, ȿ˰һۡ
һУҪʲôֻ˵ͷ
ŵתĿ⣬Լʵ彫˵ܽʥּα, ޷ǾöԻ˵, ҪĶύһˡ
彫ҧ
ǰһ˵, Ҳأ
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˵أ
һǱһ, ⻰һ¡
ˣ
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ôܣ
вֹ彫һ˷ʡ
ʮǱ𾪣ʶȥСʦܣȴ¶ظɫʱٿ⣬ĵ˵ľģ
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, տԴĿ, ܴĿǴܵĿ
ǡ
Zᰣϵı, ױ˵ġ
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ZջĿ, ʵ㾿˭
ֻҪóһ֣һžܹ⿪
תͷһôãҪٻָԼݣʱ߷·
леԼǴӺԶĵطʮֵĲʵ֮ŮǴܱ׷̩
ʲô
ٴʧеZıҲհһ˲
ʶǰıԼеŮϵһȴȫ޷ص
ʦܣʮ͵Ťͷȥᰣģ
Сʦûش𣬵ϵɫеĹâ֪仰Ҳġ
ʮ⡣
С⣿
ôС⣿
֮Ů̩ⲻܰ
һ˽˵̩ŸԶԶҲ֪̩ġ
飬ʧãڣлһۡ
Ȼв˶̩ʱı⣬Ǳ֮ܽȴҲвȥμӹŮ¡
ǰĺǽȻͬˡ
ңǵ̩ôܵȥ
ֻ˵ԼݣȴûҪͬǽ۵˼ȡһơ
߾Ҫ֤ݣԪ۸һӡ
սҪȥȪԪۣóȻȥ˲Ա˾ϣȥţԼĵҲһۡ
ҽһͨŬճԪѾָʶֻڴϻܶ
УһֱڳԪչ˵ĻʺҲԣȥϢڳľֻ۾ĳԪۡ׼Ȫıˡ
Ԫ۵֮󣬱⻹ûΪУҲãҲãҽ˼ϣ
ΪԪۿֱ˵صµȻãûа취ֻҪһζҩͿ
ʲôҩһ˵ҩŮȪ˿ǱڣֻһƿȪóԪ۰ľ
ֻǱ˵ȪŮﶼ֪
ţͼǰ˴ȡһ֧ԼϤİɫƿ
⿴˵ҩǴ
ڴϵĳԪ۲ϵñĴƿҲ֪ƿеȪȴɫһ䣬λվ
ЩʣƿǴʲôطģ
ҵġŴƿȻƽȣȴ¶˱ɫҲ˲
㡭
ǰһǰԼŮȫһ
ıΪСʱûܵܺõĶԴñͬҪҲǰĺһ
ǣǰĮ¶߳ȥ֮󣬾¶ıɫ۾Լʱ˫۾￴ԼŮ
Ĳ²⣬¾òܣǳűȥ
ǰФŮףȴû̸֪Уи׵ˡ
⣡첽˹ڵϵŮ
ӵ𣬼ԼĵĿᣬֲظԼգ˵ȥΪΡΪλȫһˣϲ㡢õõúÿ㡣
ŮģһԽݣȷԼŮԼȥ֮󶼾ʲôθͷ棬ݻصܡ
ХΪ̣ҲƽԪ۵ĶУȴھס
ֻЩ֤ݣԼԺöҲѾڹд
ȡһˮԺƵҩˮȻԼָѪȥʾŮ
վԵֱԼָԼѪС
ֻеѪһ𣬶һ޷Ӧһԡ
Ѫף֤˱ѪԵһһʧȥ飬ٴλصϣлϲ޾
֪ҹ빬ҪȪԪۣȪιԪ۵ĿУҹڵš
ŮҹأҪľŮָݣصȻò仯֮󣬵Ҳûа취ڡ
ֻһᣬҡͷҪ߾ȥ
ǰݣΪԼȪȳԪۣ󷽣£ڻʱ
ˣҲա֪ŮƢҲǿ
ϣŮ˵Ѿ˹صʹݣʵȴһֱڵС
פأκ˽š
һҹȥȪЧȵķѩһͣȸеٴ֮ʱڴϵĵ۾˶ָ֧ͬԼ
һӯǳɹԼ
ǡ
ԪһְͣסԼĲӡ
ǰʲô˵ˣڵֻˣϳЩǣζ˲⣬峩쾹˵֮ǰ
¡
һжһˣŮһҹδ˯񶼻ʮֺá
һԪѾӴڴŻֽţѾָŮ϶¶˷ĵɫ
⣡Ԫ¶ϲ֮ɫ˵޺ˣ
һ˵Żһ̲סԭر¡
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ϲ¡
ŮһԪ
ǸŮ˵ĶԪۿ첽߹񡣡
ԭҪַǣȴԼϵ۹ַ֣˵ҩȻҩ
Ȫ˯ȥ֮ǰȻǵãȻȴȻǴǰǸúӡ
ǧʣǿڲ˵ֻܱ
ܿˣȻҪһʾҪԼת֪ʺ֪ø¡
ȴ˵£ڲ˵Щʱ򡣡
ŵķ򣬺ܿҪԪѵʱˣĹ˻ʺҲڳԪۺ飬ڻ֪
ԪеĻϲȴĻܻڱ߾׵ֵܵʱɫͱøѿ
֪ԼһӾΪλҪȥȺ㣬Ԫۻʮܣ˵ŮҲϣЩϢǼٵģϣӲô
ԪڶݳĬȴҡҡͷ˵öԡ
Լ˸ʲôԸǻôһҲ֣Ϣȷʵ֪
һϼƣԪ۾ֱд˲̫ӵʥּ˱һڽΪ߾ȥ
Zϵƣ˵һУ̧ͷн˵ġ
мϽһۣҲǰƣһ˵˵ͷġ
ǼԲͬӪǶͬʱȷģǾûʲôûɵˡ
彫ɫ׵ί㵽ףүһš
ʼ˷ǣ֮Ůеֻ³ˣ˭²ʵݡ
ˡZ˵ȥѺ
ȻǷڹԼģ⵽ź͵Ľʱնֻʹþĸ
ףδȴǱ⡣
Z֪ϣΪܣǾʹ˹ڡ
λҵݱ߾ĵһ̣һ滹һϾҪ

 299 
ݣ¼վĶ

 300 
ݣ¼վĶ

 301 
Աϱͽ, һһ
Ȼҽȫ˶ԱʹʱȴΪֵĶȱñǰҪˡ
ʱĥ¡
ЩԱ֮лвٵ, Ǳ, սΪɱ, Ƴʹ, еʹ.м˵͵͵Ŀ˾ġ
ñҪҵһָٵƷʽ
Ȫ쵤ҩƷ, ѾüĿ, мӿ˵Чʣȴûͷ
׹ռܹѻ˴ȥͺˡ룬ͿǽȪУ̼ϵʹ
ʱ, Ա߾С˻ΣҪˤ
æȥСᡣ
û¡С˰֣ص, û
ûµӣ⿴ʧȥѪɫĴ, һ£ÿĶһ
СϢһ, еԼĶͷ, æָ̧ȥ, ű˵û, 㡣
ֻһ񾭽, ߶ȼоԱֻԹһ緹緹ȴûʱͣʳԲЩ֧Ųס
뵽СϻնᶼܲˣǾ곤ľҽµǺܿҲҪ۵ˡ
ĬƬ̣˵ţȥЩԵĶ
ȥСЩԵģȻŸոͼӱƿ
մսûлеİմѪۣﱧͷ̤˽
ĿȻҪ˵ʦ֣һۿ˱⡣
˵ζסˡ
Сʦܣ
ʮԭλһ
ŵתĿ⣬ҽԹڴϵʦ֣˹
Сʦܡ
ڱʮһֱڴûжм仹ΪȪЧ˯һھʮֵĺãһ᰹Ҫ
һѰסĿɨ½±õ˿ûȾѪһ˵ҪҶ
ʮ죬ֹһ䣺һԣҵĶһġ
ڳ»ʮľ룬мһӾͲ׽ʮʦֵĻɵýһ١
ʲôһתͷһźȻͣʶʮʦֵĻ
ʮȻֻСʦǸһۣȻתԼʦֵƻָˣ
أһս֮ûв븴̣˵Zݽ֮󣬾
ңʮҺ
仹űǿϵ飬ҲһԱ
˽Լʦ֣ʹˣܹϵʹҲǻᷴӳϡ
Լûʹŵӣ᰾Ͳ²ⱦǸȪ
ԱŶȪȻˣ¶ķ̫ˡ
᰼ǵʦҩֻսüûʦҲûҩ
ߵǰʮ˵֮ҩ˿ڣȻ˯һͲôʹˡ
˵ţ԰¶ı飬˵Ҿܻսϡ
С᰻û̬Ա
ʦֵܶ˿ıûаԴ˼ڴϵʮ˵ZսֱۣնУֱ۶ϵƶǣӶϳɼĸȽأ
⡪
᰷ԼʦֱסˣһʱȽϲһָء
ףϱ⣬ǲʹƽϢ־ѵģܻˡ
ԣƿԵʮʦ֣Űɡ
˵ֱȻã֮ȴƣ
ƣΪõظͶ۵ģΪǰͻԱԴԴϣεǰʮˣʮȴҪʹеȴ
ʹȴǵʹƣͽǾһһȾȥ
ʶ̧֣⿴ĶΪƣٶۣûбܿ
ŶϵʮͼСʦܵ˱ü䣬ȴż磬Ҫƾշȥüѻƣ
ʮ
һĻһʱԼӦڴϣӦõ齵ȥ
֮󣬺ܿͽַ˱ʮ⣬û˼һ̵¶
ҲһսΣ
ᰵûռϷ硣
ǵսƻˣò˻ǶҲֻһս̽ǵʵûаеıѹ
ôһսԲ񶫵ұƵҪŷ
ȵ۵Ҫܸۣصۡ
ⱾսϿмڣ뵽ݣҲûмûʡ
˵սϽյľƣᰱȻæµһı⣺ʲô⣿
Ա仯ܹظ֪
Χû˿ҲûܹҪЧҲ˵˼ǵ¡
ûʲôġ
Ȫܹʹҩ׹ռʱ̶ܲȪͿԼ˵ʹ
Ļȴûа취æ
ʦŶ£ʦȫţ书ҽǻǵܼ
ֻʦߣѧϰľǵգΪһջص룬صУҫ۶ɽȣûн̹
ټϺ͵ܣлߵӰ͸ûлѧЩˡ
˵ʦڣߴʦڣӦܹﵽЧȼס
ʱ鲼ĽǺģųȪܹ
пʵ֣ȼϣΪ
ʣûпߴѧʿͼֽһƷǿڱ߾Լװá
ᰵҿԸʦдԡ
ʦڲ֪ںδҪͨҲţֻӱ߾ǰʳǣмҹ̣ҲҪ졣
ҽȥ֮ʦҪĻͼֽʵҪһʱ䡣
ȵܹõʵЩԱУܶС֮ˡ
ԾҪĻ˾˵ѹڴʦȥŵʱҲ˼Լ취
һ׮Լ˵һ׮ǸβõҩѾˡ
֪õҩǱȪڽҩĻһģֻûҲûֿƱ
֮ǰӪѾ۹飬֮սǵƲѾͲȥʹʣµҩ
ǰ취İ취ҲҪԣϾҩЧãȴҲʲô˶ܹȵû
ȥʿǼҪҩţϵ췦ٷҩҲûãȫǱĩá
˿а취ҩĵ⣬ʵҪν
⿴Լȵ˵ҩõķӲѰĲѪֻȪ
Ҫҩ裬мҪǾҲ
ǣסԱĻȪ
ڱѩصı߾սˮɱֻҪȪȡһȻͻΪһһı顣
ʿΪڱ߾ܹȡůߴҾƣоͻһֻװƣЯСɾҡ
ȪɵӷھУһţսϼ˭˻֧ŲסͿԽȪɵӴеιʳһߡ
˾ҲûйϵǴӱȪԭ̬ˡ
꣬һȪܾͻᱩ¶ǰˡ
˶ӣҪ׹ĶУھͻ֪Ѿ˱߾
֪˵ǰѾܲЩˡ
οԭ߾Ѿ׼Ҫٴ档
ֻڣ취Ч
սϵůǾ͸鷳ˡ
᰼Ѿ׿йǣһͷáȻֵܷʲô£ҶỤ㡣
վԭ໥ţһʱԡ
ȡ
ϰŵʮǶ֮ʱҵ˿ڵĻᡣ
·µ齣Ū˵ڶӵĶ˳Լ
ɤӣ˵ʦֲǹҪǣǣոС˵Ǹҿó

 302 
ʮڰ, ѧ
Ǹһͱ͵ȥİᰲһʦʦֵߵʱ䳤ѧľ
ԻظȤ, һ, Լȥڡ
ʮⷽ츳, Ȼλʦ֣첻ɨսһԵĻأС߻ǲڻµġ
ܹ, ֮ϲںҲȻصսϴƴɱҪȫ
˳ͽ⣬ⰲ뿪, ȥСȡԵġ
һߣվԭؿıӰʮάϵ, ֳ̧˳Сʦܵӡ
ᰵͷʦ֣
ʮʵһģò׸еദʱ, ôҲ˵仰
᰿һĺɸ, Լûץסȥͬ˵ˣ
εصȻȥ, úϢ
ʮǱ˷θڲܽʳ, ֻеȵϢͨ, ָܹʳ
ʮЩ, Ҳô, ͷȥɡȻ, ˼˱ҪĻظ
Լ, Ƶ, ׹ռ䣬ȡЩϹ߲˳
ȡϹʱ򣬼˷ռչôЩɢȥһͷ
ǹСᣬûоʲժĹϹ߲ȥ
о̣ʿǳԵĶǴչ˿ԸС
Ļͷ£ڱǰ֣ǿȴһҲûͻ˴ȥæ
̨ζ룬Լ˷
СĻͷԹչ߹
ԶԶؼл⣬ӰʲôҪ¶æӿŲҴܹܱߺʲôˣ
վıһ̧ͷͷ
ҡҿ˹ǣ̨Щˡ
ͷԼͷŵӹƮζ̲סʶһ±ӡ
̫ˣ
³Ա˷ҲǱ˲棬ǿԼģɵþЩ޴롣
˵ʲôС˵һˣﻹҪԼ
¡˵ϵĶҲûͣҾԼ
߾ʵ߲˹ϹǽϣٲûҪЩϵԴ
˵䣬ѾҪĲһˣͣ˶Żͷ˵ͷ㣬ȥߵ
ķ٣ȥС⣬ԷЩZᰡ
һ˸һսҪӪʱ
ͷû뵽ܽӽԪ˧Ĳ¸ԼһʱӦãȥ
Zͬ˵ԵɣZлһݷȥ
ʣ°Ƿݣɱȥ͡
ѩҹͷһ⻹ŵĲһȥ˱һлκˡ
СԱȥ˾ҽϢĵطȱ⡣
ʱŷгûˣľҽæš
СԷˡ
˶һùţС᱾ԼͷԶˣǲųһھͣˡ
ⲻòԣҭš
Сʢ·ʱ˹ȥСֽӹֶֶ־ͺˣȻ󳤳һ
𣿡
ˡС˵ͷһصҴûгԵôóԵķˣҪԣǾôҲԸ⡣
ûˡ˵
С¶ãȻı飺
ʰ꣬˵ʮʦְѻǾͲôˡ
һ˵ĻأС̲סʣ㣬Ļأ
սҵսȴ֪ĻôԱϡ
Сĺ棬Ҳ֪ʲôֻ˵֮ʱ֪ˣ⼸ջҪࡣ
šС˵ֻⳡӮˣѶ˸ϻȥǲˡ
Щʱ򣬰᰻УС¯ϵʳ˭ģ
ǿ˳͹ġ
᰽ҿ˸ӣĲһ߾߹ȱҲ֪Ǵӳ˳ζǸһ
ıſһ֣ȻܿͰЩʳ˸ɾ

ҹ˾Х
ı紦ȡȪʼʵνһһı顣
䣬ҲˮɱȪеĴƿﵹ㵹ڵµϣˮ״̬
⿴˰̵ףȻֵƬ̣żƬ״ı
ȡ϶ıҲ̣һþͻϸıм
ԭƵĴྶͥ
ҪкʵģߣܰȪ
ţдС
ŮżֽԭǰҹˣҴѰ±ȥʲôҪ£Ҵˡ
ѩϣͬС᲻֪ô챦ȥˣҪԶȥ洫

СҴƹ񣬳ķ˱⡣
ֻı紦ǰŸ˱̡
СĿɨã֪϶˹һʵôˣô䣬㲻ţܵʲô
Ů˵ţ̧סԼĶ䣬߾ҹ캮ضҪܶ˵Ķ䡣
̶ָ˵̫ˣܿٽõ
С˳ֿȥ鲻εıмԼСᣬʲô취ܹˮɱ飬
롣СԼĶ䣬Ƭ֮˵ŵЩģߡ
ԭڴܹʲô취¼״Ҳֻ˵ûа취Ǿֻʮʦһ˵ˡ
Ҳǻľ£ʮʦ־ʺϵѡ˺ãһȥᡣ
ˣȻȥɡ
˵С״Ȼ
̣ЯʱŵĵƹϨˡ
صӺ氵ͬһƬҹɫ֮УΨǱѩǵѩԭȻŰɫĹâ

һ磬δȥԱȥZмֱۡ
ԭоҽҪרŸֱϵˣΪձҪZþҽȥԱ
ֱѾ׳ˣõҲɸҩľҽˣϵı˿Ѿϣֻһǳɫİ̡
ZϣָҲޱȡ
ֱ۸Ӳλһɫ˰̣˭ֱֻ֪״ļϿ
Ϊջ֣µֱȷʵˣϱ
˵תȥȪһ
Zϳ⴦ֱ۵֮⣬ϰսҲľˣٺһȪ׳ϵ˻
Z⼸գѾǱʵ
ϵԼ½ùԱߵϣȴűת
űӣǳġǳǳ׵Һ壬õǰ˵롣
Zͷӹһ£ǵιԼȹȪζſ˵ıӣȻ̧ͷҽ֮أ
ھԼھһһʵԱʱõĴҲȪ
ھУʵµʱȥû˿õҲ
֮ǵϣֻҴţ½б˷֣һ
ԣҲûȵµǴȱµǴƽǴ֮ʱҵҶ˶ҲǿȪˮġ
ZֵȪˮܾˣҲˡ
ûԼγԣZ²µȫһҲйϵһʱֻ˺ܶˣѾ㹻ˡ
ԸˡջеıӣȪˮ֮˯ֳܻ֮֮︡赣ģϴɡ
ZͷٵµƻָٻսսֻҪСģҪٿһء
صƣȪָһΣȴ֪ڶȪܲЧ
ZٴεͷʾԼҽ
ʵ֪£߾ǿԮֿס˶ҼǿľѾ֮ǰܹ꣬ȴӦһС
Ǳá˵
Z˵仰ɫ֮˼ʲô˴мֿãµĻ⣺ȴ˼ˣصУҪΣ
ʵòǱ˼
һ˲ĳ˼л˵²õģ߾֮ǰ¸ҵѾ֪ҵݡȻȥ֮󣬲ҪһЩʱ䣬ĸ׺͸½һģˡ
ȻԽܣмҪǣȪ֮أҲ̩ݣһݣҲһ
ZҪĲʲôˣֻʲôݣܹһԲЩƽ
һǽһ̴Ӯ棬Ҫж˰ˣҪڶҵлд϶Բ
һɢһԲ

 303 
ݣ¼վĶ

 304 
, ڿԼµĽ졣
ǴͷɥֻսϵʵǳǵԤϡ
ʮֻܸʮ򣬾ûаȫͶȥ, ߵսҲӦǲġ
, ߵڼ, ٵٶȴǿԺԲơ
еĵѹ, ſʵΪλˣ
үĸһڽ֮, ׵һ֣˵ҾıԶʤıܺ, ʵڲӦˡ
Ϊս˵˶, Ļսľȱܸḻ, 򲻸ñɽŶԡ
һҧ, ˵ǹ۲ĽʵΡ
˫ͬˮĳ˫кΣ
սʱҲھУͷβڿսϷ飬Լľǿڽڰˣл˻ûǰĶŵЦݣԽЩʱ䲻õĽʿ
Աŵңһݴǰû, ʵĿ, ˵ľͨб̣еսķ緶, λ᲻֪Ǹӵޣ
ӱѪ꽫ɽյ, ˶, ķ˶ٵĻֶΣû˸ȥ¡
վشĸԱ߿һۣĿ⿴һҲվ
ͬĻֻһ˵ţҪͬվһǵԪ˧͡
үĻڶվĽԭտս֮ʱͬǰûʲôģֻսϲнʿϳǵµˣظˣսһʱ䲻֪Ƕʲô֪ǰԼսľǹ
Ϊһ˼ԲӰսĽࡣ
⻰һб˺ܾõҲ׷˵ǰԪ˧򽫾ıĩµҲ˵Ļ
Щ˸˾ǴһۿŶڵ죬ǲʱֻصսϣǵĶɱ
ҵĽʿȻͣ޿ƥУĶ֣Ϲ֮վҪһ
еУ˵о壬ڲ²űܺ뾿ʲôֶΣܹȥϺûܹһֻصս
ѵ˵̨Ǵòٳսȼս֮⣬ǻȼˣսϱ֮󣬻ȥټ
Щֽ޻̸֮
̧һֻ֣Ķԭڼޱ۵˶̰ĿͶ
׵˵ط֣˵²ΪҲʲôӵˡ
ӵʲôģЩǰս˱ˣܹ»صսǼжԣֻһԭ򣬾Ǳ˴ӹŹرԵ˻
ǶûУֻбܲС
۾Ȼ˱߾
ԣɵԪ˧˵ġ˭
Ȼ󣬾ͼڴһ˲ɢ˼лع񣬶ԼЩ˿ڵڽ
ĩ
ĸ֣˽Դλй
ڵĿɨȥģǵĶֲǹΪĹֻɱһɱǾɱڶΣΡһɱˣҲƴȥܹĥ
֮ٶ࣬ҪҲø㹻ĴۣҳɹһΣδܳɹ˵ڶΡ
ŷ֤Ĵۡ
һ˵ú亷Ȼһ¾͵һڽеսѪԣǷ׷Ӧǣ
Ȼǿ续˵Ԫ˧ǻ˻֣ʾǶ˳ȥ
ڽǴһسȥҪȥµʿԪ˧˼
ɱһΣɱڶΡ
Ƕܹǵĵ½һһΣȴδеڶΣ
ʣһˣԼλϣһеƹӳ
õɽ޵֬ճɣͨȼʱҲȼ֮з·͸һϵɷ
ڶĴӪУ֮
ʲôֶΣֻҪագñù࣬˵ùңܹ
ǻġ
ദΣѾȷһ㣬οӵֳԼС
ţصԼУת֮ȥڴϵŮ
Ůͷ߷һ¯ȼ㡣
ͷѣҲŰĹƳ氲һ
̡ڵ͵͵ҪȵҰѶûһ첻Զˡ
-
ҹʮõǼģߡ
峿˸磬󱳷ĵطǹһҹѩ˶ļӷѩȡ¼ľʵģߡ
Щ򿪣ȪȻѾ˰εı飬
ЩϵһƽģײȴԲģָľµСشһӿ˳Ϲһ
һ¿ţӾӨ͸ԼҪ¶Цݡ
СѰȻѰӿܹ𣿡
ˡ˵Ȼѱ
Сῴ飬һϲǿԷŸʿӣ
ھҲڻ
˵òܾ÷ţȰЩȥɡ
ӪѾӽҩЩܹ˵ҩƵЧʿǶԥص
һԣ
ã֮λͬ۶ãûãǽվһ
գѾ׻ָZҲͳ˧ǰܽʿȫܡ
ҷ棬ռô༸ǵµսϳִ֣ҵĶҽʿھǵĽ촫ͳ˧Ƿ֮ҲǸ˺ܡ
˫սһͬɡ
ڽ󷽣ָսZ˲ġ
ҵĽңңǰǵĹ֮¶һ۵Z֣֫жǰ죬Խȷͳ˧˵Ǿˡ
Zһսϣ̵ظܵ˴˵ֶΣָʹָԼӦԲ
սϣǰսʿžңװŵȴǾơ
ս֮Ҳ۹·˷һ˲֧̹ȥ֧Ԯͬʱȡ¾ңܽװŵı㵹
㵹׼ʱһʱս֮ʱһ˵սʿͬԷ˵¡
ƽƽı飬ǾİƵĵҩŸӲۡ
ʳ븹֮󣬸оȴͬҩһЧ
ǽֵĶʿ˸ڽڽڰ̷֮ʲôȻս
Ԫ˧ͽͬ˵˸˵İϷǵĿȻ˶ֵľ档
װŵģ֧Ӳܡ

 305 
ʿĿˡ
ǲҪ˻, Ҫ취Ū֣ĶԪ˧˱֮ܺ
Сģƴɱǰߵıܺ뽫ʿʶҵͼ֮Ԥ, þ, Ҫˣ
ǣ
ϴžҵʿԽ, ܶ˼ε, Ҫϵľ, һţһ
ƴɱڵһߵĽʿǱסҩʱ, 󷽵ڣȴԼԵ˵һȥ
߸ŵĳĬ̴̴߱粶ʳӥһӺ󷽴ͷֱӹ, ǰʿļ, Լٶһϲ֮еıܽʿ
սƴɱټҲͨ˸֮ͨս뺷Ȼǰ, ѾþսıܽʿҲֵס
һս֮Уͬ޴Ⱥ, ͬȣ̧֮Ѿˡ
Χס
һȺܸ뽫ʿǰ, ֮ͬǰһҵ˻ˣǵȥ, ȴԷ½Ƕûͱ˳ȥ
Ǳ˻סġֳ־ҵĽʿؼԼս, һ񱩵ķһ, ת˲Լǰ, ҪԼŵľҡ
ֻսϵĵ, ҧȥ
һȥԷ׵ס
Էָĵ⣬ͬͭһ㣬Ҳβ
ܽʿżֿ־̧ͷǰɱؿԼȻ̧һػԼͷϡ
һ죬һƸͷὫʿüϣֻеһʹȥûϢ
ߵ̴ɿ˵⣬ʬȥһ־ȡ˩䣬λסľҡ
Ϻ
ЩɳȥʿһĻͬӵıܽʿ¶˱֮ɫ
ϣŭҪٴΧΪͬؾң߾ң
ɱ˶ᱦĶѾһԾڴ֮Ǽͻصߡ
ϡ
ǰԼصľҡ
̧֣нӹңο˾ҵӡ
ΪװƳı飬ҵ˽װƵĹϴһοӣǿŵľζ
ֽ̧Ķһ
뻹ǱܣһСӣһСӴһֻң֮װű顣
սϣһѾĿţһһʹϣƮһƬѩģûʲôֻ˾΢΢
ڵĿĵűϣΪԼĽӴ¶ȣԵѾʼڻܿˮ
Ƭ̣еǰţȻ
Ϊһ¼ζΨթæһϡ
ڷ֣Ŀ⿴˵޷
Ǳ⣬֪ҪԼеȪҿ϶Գ֤ȻŹᡣ
ЩЯȪ֮жҩǧ˾ܻԷͳ˧¶ĻᣬŹ
Ƕ˱ϾӵȪҲǼԺ
Թ֮ȷȪɵģֻ۾ȷʵȪ
̧ͷ汱ܴӪʱĿңңڴӪһϣһɫӰڷС
Ȼ뼫ԶĿȥģڻһ۾ȷԼҪҵˡ
վڰϣһڿսʱ뿪Զս
սϼZҲѰ˰ᰵټǱҵĶС
ȻôԶϵı飬⻹ʮȷõ˾ңԹеı飬ѾȷԼڱܵĴӪС
ڳ򿴣˵ѾԼϳԼ
ϾŷѾˣôһսۣΪԼϵ׹
Ƭ̧̣һֻ֡
ԵĽ̴ǰϣ
ȥڿڵͣս
ǵսʿԽսԽ£սռƵʱͣս˾ʵЩ
Ƕ´ɣܿӦһǡʹȥ׼ͣսơ
ͣս
ͣս
ͣս
һһͣս֮ڶҴ𣬳ǰȥ
ܷ棬Ǽڷǽʿľ֮͸߸߹ͣսƣһʱ䲻֪ҪʲôֻZ£ҪͣսǸΣ
˵ͣͣƢҵŽһս˲ٽʿԼҲˣŭصǵĶսͷ­Ѫɵô裿ͣ
ԣͣ
֮ܽӦûΪͣսƶһߡ
ZᰣհҲûûг嵽ǰȥͣں󷽡
˵Ŀһ㣬ܿ춼˱˴˵˼
һսʵǲռơ
սбȪָǽʿҲѾ㹻ƣ
Ȼ֪ڵĺ«ʲôҩǴӦͣս˵ͿԴסǵĽʿҲдϢ֮
Zͬʱڵͣս
᰿һεͳ˧ӵĿ⣬ͳ˧Ҳͬ˵ͣս
ߵѸٴȥսɱʿ˴ӸԵӪдͣսƣһ̻ڼҵɱ֮Уһ̶еĵ
ǾؿǰĶ֣Ȼ󻺻ȥ¹뵽ǵĶ֮С
ͣսˣСվڱߣսԭһŵľͬˮһ㻺˻ȥһʱֻ¶˾ɫʵʲô
˸ɴ˽յƣöֹͣҲ²ʲôǱȴʮ
һͣսڶҪԼ̸ˡ
սϵԱ͵ҽȥҽΣûСڳͣǻصӪаæ
˧УĽ춼ۼǱûˣǹͣսƣͣ
У᰺Zס
ǰԱӻܱܿƺãվָܻ۷״̬Ķȴû鵤ҩ
ս߶˼ռϷĻᡣ
ߵĽڲ²ŶǱڴʲô̡
᲻Ƿʲô£
񡣡
ǹ۲Ǳûʲô״Ҳֻܴ۵Сۣ۲ʲô
ᰵھ͸ԲӦ䡣
˵ע⣬ߵĽ쳯׿ZҲ˵ǲᰲ̫á
ܿͻ֪ʲôˡ
ͣսʱʮոմȼ׻صĳΣվ
ĽŲеЩԣǴ˳ﻹŸõȼ׻ء
ʿǶسսѾûˣקһʵôˣôͻȻͣսˣ
ǱקסʿͬһȻ˵ؽǶǱͻȻͣս֮ս㵽Ϊֹ
ͣսʮ⻰̧ͷսǱȥҲȥˣӪŽգŻ૵صʲô
ԭվƬ̣ôԱ̾Ȳ£ǰõȼ׻ȥ⿴˵
ԱУȻյս½磬˵ʿȴ˿û٣˿ڿɲǴӾеֽĽʿæҲæòɿ
ʮһذԱѰ˱⡣
ֻ˫ȾѪոΪһԱֹѪһڻԼ̧ͷʮﱧŸι״ȼ׻
ʪ΢֣ԽЩؽƵԱȥʮʦ֡
ˣʮԼŵȼ׻صݸ˵ͨˮԣЧҪĲ֪࣬ڻҪ͹ԡ
ֱǼʱ꣬۾һˣ̱˵ԣ

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ݣ¼վĶ

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ݣ¼վĶ

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һ, ûͬеİ᰸Z;ߵⶫʹǰ
˼ڴǰվ˵ȥ, Ǿ˱
ʹæȻ
û뵽Уû뵽һ, ˵̬ȶһ䡣
֮ǰ϶Լ˵, ʶйؼZ, Ǿλϡ
ֻҪӦκ̸, Ǿû˭ܹס
ΪԼĻĿŶ, ⱦ˵, ͣսЭ鶼Ѿд, ֻҪҹȥǶҶ̤뱱ܱ߾һ
üͷ΢΢һ壺ֻꣿ
岻ֹˣֻ˵̤㱱ܹ´ֱȥҲһġ
Ŷʹؿ, ̸, ϶Ҫ壬ˣУҿǰ⡣
Ǳ˵⻰, ʹҲͰ, ƫƫ˵⻰Ͽе, ܷܡ
˵Щ
滹˵ʲôǰǳὫʹȥ, ͣսʮ, Ҳȥ
ʱ, ʹѾǰ
ϹЦ, Щ˵㣿
ű˵Ҽ˵ˣʱ俼ǣ֮Լһ˿Իñ뼸ʮʿİοԻػǻʶ͵ıʹźлӣô붼һʲ뿤ãȸˡ
񣬱㳯ɫһͷȻתߡ
ֻһӣѳס
ͣ½ŲüZͿ͡
ʿ¶ʣʹЦһ̧ƿǺǰĳ˳ȥ
谵Ļѩԭ֮ϣΨߴӪȼյĻǰҹеɫ
ǰӪ׳˺̸Ķʹһޣ壬ͳŶҴӪɱȥ
ʱ˾Ӫſڣʾơ
ھӪſڵĽʿݣȥһ·Ӫ˧ŷͨ
ܿ죬洫һϵѩ˽ȥ
һУͼڷŽյս
мĵط¹񣺡ϡ
˵˵̧֮ͷվǰȥĻֻǱ߿ܵΪѣ
ֻһСΪѣ㲻ʲô΢΢һЦ⣬ϹȻ㣬Ҵź̸ȥ˱ܸͳ˧ǾǾܾˣǵȵλһͲͬˡ
ӦˣȴǺ⡣
µ˵ͷӦ֮⣬ֻܸȺçûеӦ¡
޷˵ţ´ĿȥӣȻǾȤϷŵһԣ¶˾ҪʲôȰģֹҲ
ǡȴ˵Щ谭ţ»ᵢϵʱ䡣
ڽëһǽһѣʱȡ
ڵ޷հɡ
ʱǵȵġ
֮ǻŲӦǾ׼ˡ
¶һޣֻҪɱ࣬Ǿͻʹͻ
վеóϷصӢ
-
ƻˡ
һи׳нʵǸҡ˱ľģǽ˰Σ뼸ʮʿƽˣҲѡߡ
ǶʹȻˣҲ׷뿪ȴûн
Zű⣬˵ǧҪ˼
һȥˣǴܵİôܵĽʿǸԴ
ҲԸñȫġ
Ƕʹ˶Ŀһߣֻصԭλá
ZĻ֪ȰԱ˵ûõġ
ȻǶ˶Իı˵ҹȥˣͣսʮʮڿԲٷܡ߾Ϳ񣬶ʹŵλڶұôãҲԻ
֮⣬ΪŷǰӪԼ¶ƤµļԺԱ
ǻţҲع
Ҫţܹᡣ
˵лУ˵ȥˣ֪Լλصıܣֻΰûڣ
Z仰Ǵ˱ģ᰸лǾʶ򲻻˽
λµڻصȥ֮ǰЩǾ˲顣
С᰼ȿˣͽ賾ŷôĳޣǷսյĿҲΪ˱ѩޡȴԷ³ޣֻҪȥ֪ɻʲô
ʲô˵ҪľеȪȪãǵóԸ
ZóԸ֮أȪС֪еıȻҲ֪ηЧãȪУͬΪ㻻ʮͣսȵһϦ֮ұǿ׳Ų֮ηηľӣʱûڣٴ֣Ҳܽ赲
ǹؼ֮еĹؼ
ѡӦΪȨˣںΪǴ⣬Ȼȥ
˵ηľӣЩȳꡣ
᰸Z˵Ȫһ˫нδйⶫҲôĲ
ԵԵԵԵ𣬶˳ӦʱʧҲôĲʡ
˵꣬ǶˣӦպأ
պ󣬲ս˵
˵ǲη붫ҶԿսһһ䡣
Z˵֮ܶǧҪ𽻻֮⼸ӪҲҪСģҪʱ˻
ȻرɭϣȴͰһ飬ʱҪԱӪǣڵļƣҪҵ׾١
ô˻ԼݲֻͬҪԼԸڱ߿Ųܰġ
˵¾Űɡ
Zͷ
ó֮µȷʵᰵ˶࣬ǲѡ
˿ҹձӪΪ˾Աæµһ죬ԺصӪУٲҪշתһ˯
ZȻȥ;ԭҪ˻ͣǰҲ˵ȥ
㻤ͣһ֮űĹ֮ȣҲͨ顣
ZٿķӦ԰Ҫȥ£ҲܵʮȻû˵ʲôֻǶһ뿪ˡ
˳һ
ϵѩ׷Ʈ˵ķϡ
ͬǰǰţš
ѩͷķ΢΢Ⱦɰɫ̲סһ̧ͷ̧һԼͷѩһʱţߵ˰ͷĸо
һǰһĬĬԵߵ˱ǰ
ͣסŲ
ԭΪҪԼҪ·ϼȰԼû뵽ͷβһԲ
ҵˡ˵Ҫȥˣ㻹ʲôҪͬ˵
ַ̧ȥϵѩȴͷѩûж
ӳԼӰӣ˵˵ģжѾ˵ˣֻһ䣬ǲʲôҪҡһġ

 309 
ݣ¼վĶ

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Ž, ӪŴ򿪡
յĽʿٴףصսϡ
ѩվﳯŶȥ, ԼһƬѩ, ҵϵ¼׳
ͬų, ڵŶֳ
ղ֮ͬǰں󷽵Ҳǰ档
ɴڲ߲۵λϣͳ˧Zһǰ
һϣŽͣһ˲ֻʣ˷, ߼һʮľûһ˷
ǰ, ڲٿԼǰ, ǵǰ
һڣ˺Զ, ξ˵Ķߡ
֮ѵ˵, ͣս, ǿˣ
뱱ߵͣսҲѾ, ǱҲˡ
Ȼڷ֮ǰʵѾԤϵǵĴ, ҽһƬѹѹĽʿ, ҲûмӰӡ
ZսǰܹͬӦǲǵĿνĺ̸
¶ϧǿֻдȥֱȥȡҪĶˡҲá
˵ţһ, Ȼת򶫵Ӫ, ̧һֻ֡
ǰ, װԴǧȻһź, ǰսȥ
վУ¶һƬɫеĶľǧҲͷ
ɱ
Ҳͬʱźһսмȥ
Яǵŭ⼸Խξ룬볯ǳĶ̱ӣٴս޾̳
սյñǰӼң߽ʿʱ䣬ŶԷĳ޶ҪԷ˵鶼ǿҡ
սϵһʱ伤űǲҪǮȪʮָƳļȼ׻أӪлǲԱٶԶԶЩ֮ľٶȡ
ʮҪڱߣܻսҲΪЩԱơ
ţԼսʱ䲻ȼ׵ˣ¿˿ƵҽҲҪˢˡ
ʮţ⣬ΨһĺϢǱѾᶨߣһսףٶȥҵͷ
ͼԼıøӼӲΪЩ͵ǰ˻ٴζҡ
ҹﻨʱͬСһȪڰֳʱȥԱʳȪ
ǰ߱ĻҲã¿ʼսĵڶգӪоʹ˹ˣҪ˱ߣȻʮĻɱ
һжҲ֤ڲֳ
̸ܾ͹ڱܸ뽫ʿеĵλ߶ͬᶨûظ䡣
ΨǱ룬ֱӰԼҪ˴
һʧ֮ģּǰ̣õֶҲԽĶࡣ
вһƷĶҩǱҲҪϵȪǳʲôУܻһɶ
Ƿǵûа˼֡
˧ڵɫ˼
ɳȥһûлǰַǰͷ°²
ڳĬƬ̣Ŀ⿴ŵŮ
ƵĵҩЧһձһղ̵ԽԽţǳߵĹƳͲᶯǵһĳ̶֮ͿҲѲ
ջĿ⣬ٿǰŵⲻĴɡ
Ļվϣڻ°밵˫ͬˮտɫ˸īɫ
ߣʧȥһУӵȻǧλϣѰӵĶ
̹֮һ
ߵˣʧȥԲڶʮں棬ûʮǰһܵЩһٸ
ǻˣеսʿѾѾ֮ոһƷͬʱΨһܹƶŵĶһѪ
λϵСʵۣ˵һǺ˭Ҳ֪
̹˶ΪϵĹƳ治ô췢ȴǼתֱ¡
ܵЧҵλ󽫾Ǽ̳е֮λǴĿຮ֮߳ȥˡ
ԸΪսϣԸΪͿأֻҪպԼĺܹͬһƶ֮࣬ЧҵĻҲܹƳ֮
ϡ˵ȥһ˴
ߵˣǰȥЩ㣬ûа취˴һ˶ȥƾֿԱܹЩ̩ߵĶĿҲ㹻Ļܰ˴ӱľӪ
ĻڿǰȥðգɿġҲõˡ
ǱӪ书ٸߣһ֣пΧ֮¡
ǰĹ¸̷ƽˣеһ˻̡
ãȥվе˵ҪСġ
˵ţ¶˺ɫҹȥûаٹֻù£ҾҪñֶˡ
õġ
һмʮ˿һ棬Ǵ˱Ϊǵĸ֮أʵҲԶǰ
ǼȻѾʱˣǧ˸ʮҲûʲôͬˡ
ȵ߾ķһı䣬ߴȥͻһƷľ綾
ѩصʱȻܹö棬һƷľ綾Ʈɢ
ϲж飬Щսû͸ԱѸٻָȻֻصսͬս
һҪǶʮͬʱ˶ҪȾĸ־Ȳȵù

ҹ
ľҽæµʱͻԱվǳ
ȪգҲܽ赲ЩԱ⡣
⿴ǰԼ˵Ȼ׾ȣȵ֮Ҫصսȥɱеİ꣬һûôõ
ͻʱ򣬾Ѿ˵üأ̷ȪУ˿ҲûиԭմѪԼǰ
ǰͣ࿴ۣҪȥΪԱҽΡ
ȵڻѾ׵ˡ
⿴ϵѪѾɾˣ¶д
۾ĵʱ򣬿Եøᡣ
ؿ֪Լʲô˶ܹȵûŷѾһӣ˿ԾɸеԼ
겻ǽյһȲˣҲһ
Ѿϰ˶ʤľҽУյͳǾȻ㹻ԱҲһͣôʬ塣
㣿
СгվﱳӰ˹һѩпЩսĽʿ
ŮеĵǱòײ¶ľ̸ܾڼôǰȲֻᶯҡ
վţ֪ζԱ⿪ڵʱ򣬺Ȼе˿
СתͷһմѪ۱ǰҪӺصİᰣжûѣͷ˱ߡ
СῴԼᰶ˵ͷС˿һԵλø
ûлͷûвᰵĵܷϾ徭Ȫ֮ʮͨһӦ֪ˡ
شļ򣬸еԼµ˻һȻתͷԼ
ƮѩصģǰüģҲصġ
᰷֣Ա˵ɳǴսʿĹޣΪ
ЩܹսΪԼսΪԼҪ˺¶սĽʿǣΪǰZڱѺܽҪʵԼְܡ
ZսֻΪһͨսʿȥ붫ƴɱȥսͷ­ѪҲȱսԼȴȥԺҪѺͻؾнҪá
۾գһ£˻ת˵ûоȵǡ
ֲôܾȵÿһˣ˵ѾӳޣսϷɳ˸ʱ䣬ӭ֣ѾҪ˶ˡ
֪⿴һûܾȵǡ
̧ͷѾڵԼҪȥ˧ˡ
ǽ˶ʮƣЩ춼ˣ֮ڲŵ˧ȥͷ
ԼֱҲһӣȴʹ
ʹš
˵˵ͷջĿű˵㲻Ҫٰе𶼹鵽Լϣȵһս֮㻹кܶ¿
ôսϵĽʿӣǻŵļ˻ڡ
Ҫ룬ΪЩŵܶ¡

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ݣ¼վĶ

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ݣ¼վĶ

 313 
ݣ¼վĶ

 314 
ݣ¼վĶ

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ס˶Ҵ, Ҳס˱ߡ
˫ڶģһǲҹһڶİû塣
ڲǰ·ľǰҴ糤, ӽȥ, ӻں档
ô, Ҳû̹һ, ôķΧ, ûϿշߣҲûԱɢ
, ڶǰ档
ߵȻҪصĺȥ벻Ҫʿ䣬ھܾǡ
ֻڶǰܹӦ
ͬͨĽʿ, ԽŲȥ߹ľ, ŴʮףҲȻ, ȻǿճǼơ
԰, ֶΣԽŷɢ, Ҳʲô
ųƬûйİǡǡ֤˱ľѾʧȥһս֮
ֻҪǿƬ, ȴľ־ܵ˸ˡ
һ̤, ²ȵʲô
ûеͷ, ƾŸо, ӦǱ볷ʱڵĵ
ȻԱȴ˲ͬĶ, һǰʲôߵˡ
ߵĽʿλյصʲô
ڳǸȥ
ԭ߽֮УǰңҲӦߵĶһƬȴͬ
˵һͣнͣ
ߣǰƴ˿ֳ̱˺ôһŷֳɶһͣͣ
һ֮ͣһžͣԭأڶķϸطֱţеһƬϡ
ǲǴͼǰʵԳ˼ʿӰӡ
ɢˡ
ȷˣⲻԼĴ
ߵĽʿվһŵڶλãߵ֮󣬾Ԫ˧öͣв²ǲԼӰ˶ǰ
ΣԪ˧Ȼͣ£Ҫߵʲôˡ
ȥ˽ű߱ԼߵƷֱľͷʣһҡλˮ
з֪ʲôطðİֹͣˡ
⽫ʿʮ⣬ľͷ̧ͷһ̾ͼһƬڽȥ¶սѵӰ
ٵͷȥԼ֮ľʵĻؿȥĥЩֲڣṹȴʮ־ܣЩе̨ս
оţ͸еԼǰһ̧ͷվԼǰԪ˧ҪԪ˧
ֹ֮ͣǰȻȴһס֣ûȥ
ʿ̧ͷԼ֣ҡ
ǣ
Ԫ˧ûֻҪбŵĶ̰ľʻص˳ȥ
ľʻһڰϣһתһ߲鿴
ǽʿվߣ˵ոСߵͣǰ֮ȥ̣ԺһľʽṹװˮСаʲôֹ֮ͣˡ
ĻڻرѰĳһ¡
˾ͼԭľʻٴתһ߷һ
ǸλðһΡ
תٴʧˡ
˻Ȼ򣬹Ȼǹ֮ƬŨģ
ֻûдĥϸȼ׻أȼ֮Ȼտ
ǵķӦҲ죬ڿսϵʿŵԺ̾óЩԭӦôȼ׻ء
иǵľٶ
ʼǴӪЩأ˶ҵĿ⣬ȻӳǰƽÿһͲһȼ׻ء
ǵĲǰƣͱ鲼˰ս
ðۣΧҽȥܸЩж˾ͺܿսϵµʿקȥ
Ǻơ
һѾɢȥϿ֮ȱһ顣
ûӵȼ׻أȪʣ٣Ľʿȼ׻أȻصǰߡ
ֿʼнԽߣ½ߵЩڰĻء
ȼ׻һرߣսԽԽˣֻǰܸĴӪŨɣȴҲѾסǡ
ǰĶҽнֶܸϲ̨棬ųĺܹ赲Ǽʱ
еĵָ͵ľ˵׼
ʱ˱ܸôץǵͳ˧ԺһҪǺúóζ
ǲϽǵĿھͿǻ
̵ܸܴĶѾˣǵʮ²ǱֱӴǵĻʳҲܵ
ҪӭǵԪ˧פҪʲôȡΪǶҸʸ񣡡
һ˵öҽʿ鼤ӦãǾʱǰİ֮кȻһ㲻ѰĶ
ԭޱȵĶҽʱϵſɫǰ
ǰĽʿҲһӰͣ¶󷽵Ĺ֣Ĺ׼Ƭ
ﻹʲô
һԶʲôڴӰзɹ
Ź֣Żת֨֨Խľ衣
Ķҽսеĵͺȵ䣡
£ӰзĶ̽Σ
һĻĶҴͫͷŴӰɳĶǷɹǰͷգһֻֻľͷƳɵľ
Щɵսȼ׷ǵͷɵҴϿգһʲôе
һſźɫ״һ䵽Ͼ˲䱬ըΧĶҴը

ԭѾɢȥٴα.ҩζˡ
ϷɹȥȼںըһȦ֮ʣµĶҽʿûü½ٴδ˿н
һĶһȺȻȵõ涼

ûһȦըʧȥжʿ̴ӵҴҵؾۼһ
һ̣оͳ˽ֻССսȼףǰ̨ս⣬и״ȼףǰٶȼ졣
һ֧ǰһͷ״ȼ׳ǳΪеĿ־ɵüгȻͷһײͽɢˡ
ʮǱصڵϣûбײ沨Ҳ޵ĳβһɨ׷׵ɳȥ
֣
ڿⷬ벻ıʣɫгŴӺĹһӣ䣡
̳Щսȼһ䡣
ʸ꣬ǰȥ͵ضЩȼ棬ֱûжЩȼκε˺
һ꣬Ĺ油еڶ䡣
ڵɫѿ
ΪܸѾǿ֮ĩսѾƬŪİֶΣȴû뵽ڰ֮ȼף
䣬ӭսˣļʸƾ㲻ҲηӣЩȼȴú¡
ǴսǱ˸ӿ¡

 316 
ɱ
һ˲, ǰֳָһսҾһĻѸԳѪ֮ɫ
ܿѹڲǵҲ賾, ʣµʮ, ѵκβǰЩľͷӣ
սɢ, ¿Լս󣡡
ΪǰֹɢĶҾָ, ս
ǴȡͬǰԸսһս, ȽЩսȼΧסһһơ
ͷ, Щȼһֱڵ͵͵ں󷽵ĶҴʱٴθ壬Ͷ˵ڶը.ҩ
̳, ء
͵תͷ, ͼЩȼٴΰѺĶҴը˲ʧȥ֮һս
ĿͶЩʵķȼס
Щȼ׵սڵͬײսȼײһ, ǼµľŵִͻȺܼͶը.޶ȵذǵս
֣
̳, ˫ĿѪĶҽἯֳ
û, ʸЩȼϣǷֺ
˵
ҽ̧Ĩһ
Ҫǲ취Ǵ, Ƕը.ĳ, 뻹ֺը, ʣµʮʧ֮һս
Ԫ˧һתͷ, , ڸ
ǶҵĶǺ²ηȴνЩûľͷ¡
ֻԪ˧ܹһ취̱µľǿȥʵʩ
ǣȴûǰ̸취ɫؿЩսȼףҲסˡ
ⶫҽһʱ¶˷Ȼɫ
Ǳܸյ֮ƣ̫ˣ
Ե˺ݣԼݣǰһ㶼û͸ȵ˶Žƾͼ룬ƬаǴôֲ
塣
ЩʱںȻ³һ֡
ҽæֻһȻصȥ
ܰ滹ʲô˲һеسȥ
ǰİҲãȼҲãΪסǵĽŲǵȥ
һ֮һоͨˡ
ҩң˸˺޷ж֣ҲδؾôϵĶԡ
һ̴ȻʱھͿǸƷ嵽ЩûлָսǰǸں󷽽ⶾָ
˭ȵ˭Ӯ
ҽелȻʣԪ˧Ӣ
תս֮У׼һ־סЩսȼףһ嵽ȥ
ǹ˽磬ϵķȼ׸Ҳּը.Ͷ˵ľͲǡ
ǶҵʿжܹܣЩʧȥж˾Ͳһôõˡ
Ԫ˧֮Ѿȥɢս󣬰ضҴٴڱѸٵĽἯһ
ĽŲǰɲɢİ
֪ǰ֮ǰҵȼڲϵˮһǽǿʵ
Ȼɰڴһ٣ǿУҲҪȥ
Ԫ˧ǴĶҽ챼صߣڵϰѽἯϣ
áٴξ˽ֱָǰλʿҳ壡
塪
Ƶǵͳ˧սϵƬŨȥ
֮⣬ЩѾսȼΧ¶ҾӲϾ˼ЩŰȥĺƵ
ķȼƺҲţҪը.ͨĵط
ҽʿ׷ǵͳ˧ǰȥը.Ҳ⡣
Ǳըˣըɳȥͼǰ塣
Ǳըվˣ㵹ڵϴԼͬۼ塣
ɱ
ǳеʱ򣬶ȴҲ˺ɱ
ǰĶҴڰеı˫ƬŨٴν֡
ЩĻرصˣһƬߵɢȥ
ϵġ硱ָսı뽫ʿս⣬ڽɢδɢİ붫ҴûзĶҴ·硣
ǹڲӽϴѹһ̧ͷǸɰд̳ĳ.ǹϳ˵ݡ
ٽһӣǹŰ׵ὫӰг˳սĴ˸档
ڿڻZ¡
һھͽ˵ݣZͣǰг.ǹһǰնʮͽһ
ֻΪͳ˧Է˫ǰǰž޲и˷ŭ
ڲ֪ǻԼĸ֣սг.ǹֻ΢΢һЦ˵ȪȷʵЧ̶ʱվíZµֱۻָ
ZȴսֱɵֶΣɶԵ㸸׶ս
ԼɫܼʤΪΪܣսֻʤ䣬⻹λŷ˽̻ҵġ
ݽ̸֮ʱܱߵսԽҡ
ľһ֮ķȼ׾ͲͶը.׷׵ͷɻرĴӪ
ڻָսıӴгԺЩҲ׵ɢȥˣһ̧ЩɻشӪеȼףҲԼҪץˡ
վվŵһĸߴˣ˫ĿԨsţЩ޴ȼ׻صͬѱĳ
ЩصķȼΧˣæµŰѷȼеը.
ڿս֮ڵһôľ뿴Լץˡ
ڼ˱ݡ
Ѿȫ˸ģŮ˼ĿˣվȺ֮нһ۾
ϲµףȴϵ۾Լ
Ƭ̲ջĿ⣬ǰZεȵǿԮվ̩ߵλ֮˰ɣ֮Ӳ֮УٸƮȴսϣ֪˭ôܹᵽ
ZûӦһƷƿ鱨һ۾ϳ֮Ҳ֡
ǽճս䣬ûԤϵ˺ݶͷŶ÷Яž綾ӴҪǼʮ˶
ǰս󷽼ǰĽʿһƬһƬصнǵȵһԼҲֽŷʧȥ
һʱ䣬սϾֻʣǧ˻ж֮ۿѾ޿أӪ֮ȴ͵˹
ֱ½ԺZδԳս
ûˣҲûȪĳ档
ֻŨѸٴӹZһʱֻŭһɣ
˾Ȼǰ֣Ǻ͵Ϯ
ҪжǰȴӵĽԣ˵Z԰꣬ǿİš
ʮģϳԺZֱ۾ͷôһ£
ʮ̵ؽǰת䣬׼Z
ΪóöŷıʱЩݵֶΣǱʮʮ̨ȼ׻ء
һų̣˱ܸĽʿΣң̾ȡЩȼ׻أйȪԴӪ֮ȴ˿أͷų
ЩڴӪһۼͬö濴һĻĶ˶ɵ֮ǽЩŨȼ׻һ·ǰȥֱе˶С
ʮ˵ʱŨѾһ·չǰǰǰããһƬ
ZԼ˵ʱ䲻˵£Ҳͬһȥа˴˵žͽװ˱ľҷһֽZС
ŨԻ󶫵֮Ҳǽⶾ֮
ֻռôŨʼղкãŨҵЩжĽʿ֮ҪιǷ±顣
ZͷӦãԼҲ±ڵĶԣȻС
սʿҽʣȪнܹƣ˿̱˳ûZš
Ԯͬ۵֮ʱǶʮϣָ֮󣬾ͽȥȸۣͬȻ󾡿췵شӪ
Ϣأû೤ʱͽʮ˶˻
ֻǻصӪУƬãã˰ս˶֪еȪһĴսϵİͻɢ
ȻߣһʱȴٴϳɱС
ǰЩɢȥ߶˴Ǳߴ˹Σˡ
ʱʮӪԶʿҲӰ˻
ЩʿսԵȥԮ˶ԴͻᱻվĶ˷֣㿼ֻʮܹ
һжʿͱ˽ߣԱͽʿһۼӪУܾҽ
Ķ٣ѾԾĽǿЩ涾ͬĽʿ׷ɣ
޳
ʮʣսľʮ֮һҪסǽʮľӣ۵ǰ˶ȵسѾ㹻ˣһ͸ÿγˡ
ٲʣҲ࿴һۣZǰ£
ԭڸ˽ʿֹѪZ״һʲô
¡ڵϵĽ˵ȥ´ſȥ󡣡
û£ɵ¸ȴһҪȫȥģǧܽЩҹģ
һ̾ó׵ףȫȫ
ܽˣһۣҲʱȰ¶ȥˣñ´Ͽش룬֮պٸ˳
ֻܽ׾ҵĿ꣬ĿΧתһȦȴûмǱˡ
ʱ򲻼˰ᰣ˶ʱˣҲ˲ҪֻΧͳ˧ͳ˧أ
Ǳסܱס£ϵһʱ̣ſ뿪
¶Ժ꣬ǾҲ.
һս뱱ѾҪˣñ¸֮仹ź
ǵͳ˧Ҳһ֪ʱȥ
ԭںľҽһҽԱıߵĶ߿˹ȻеĹСᣬԼߡ
һƵ˾ͣ
Ǳ⼱ǣǵĴӶҵ涾о˻ϵȪ棬ٴϻۣҲŤתս֡
ڼֻϣǧҪһȥԶҹ齵¡
ҺãΪ˵ֻǶ˵λ԰꣬
ǵ˼ȫʧȥսǾĶҴ֮͸һƬв
Ǳ̬ƶ׽Ѿȥӭʦˣڳϻ
һ仰ǽ˵ɻϸֳϲɫ
²Ȼȥӭ֮𣿣
ǱˣǻÿǱˮнһֻ֮һ˶ⳡϵǧҲܹʤ
ⰲǣתˣ˵ҪľǸϽϢָս
Ͼв֪᰺ʦڼʮ֮⣬Ҫö೤ʱܸϵû
ǶǱ˶ȴûлĻǾҪԼ취ѶҵĴסֵ֧ᰴԮһ̡
˵ò
Ҳ׷ȼϣ
Ļȼ˶־ҲʶҲãҲãZҲãʱǶȥ
ΨץʱָлʤĻᡣ
˵⻰תȥƣЩѾָжĽ׷һԴ죬վţһȥ￤Ա
˵ĸǰãжٶιű飬ָܻһ˾Ƕһս
һӦн춼תԱ֮䣬ԶΪǰιҩ
ǵľٶµʿ֣̿ҪƾȴӣǾ͸Ͻҩˣָһȥȱˣ

һԭΪжɥʿǶʿ
ZĿȺ֮˻ûͬһҲȥæǼ۲ŰĶ
ʮҲڷŶڳʲôݵZһ㾯ŶҵĶ
ִϵľңеһѱһС
̫䣬һӱ
ڽһѱ֮󣬾ͰеľҵݸZǰԼţԤٸʲô
˵òսʿлжܺһ˴սϴ˾ΪˣȪ
ZӹңҲеһѱȻС
ʮıӦû¶˿ʹɫ
Ѿ׻ظʮʮˣֱ䡣
Z˵ʦˣЩ˾ˡ
ûзһãֻǣϵӣȼԮ߾İԶʲô
ϾŵĴ֮ǹɽУ뷲¡
ֶΣҪʹͿ̿Ͳһˡ

317
ZĬƬ̣ȴ:һнǴܶҲ,Ӧ˽ᡣ
ʮתͷȥɫᶨ˵͸ӦʲôȻһ
Z״ֻص:ô?Ƕ˹?
ʮҡͷֳ̧˰˵:üǲŵΧ
ԼȼϷ˸Ӧ˿ֻҪƶĻأܲǵλã
֪ڰж뵽δˡ
ZĻֻʮڿĬ:
µ˿˶١
֮ʮɫ԰
˹Ȼʮֵ󣬸ҽƬ֪İǵнٶȻǱȽġ
ڻǹڽЩ
ʱУӪеĽʿѾɻָȥİȴûϢ
ʮع۲ţĻѾλˣ˵ٶȼӿˡ
ڵǰٶȣܿҪʣµľ롣
УǻҪʱ䡣
ʮZ˵ZҲԼڸʲô
һͷսǰȻѾ½Ľʿ̧֣һ
ָ
ָսĽʿ̰ӣ׼һϢ.ؽ뵽ȥڰ
սһһʱ䡣
ֻǣǲŽӪ˲䣬˾˴һӥ䡣
Ҵ׵ƬϢİ֮УڴӪ֮еȴ
תͷķȥ
ͼڽѩУϰֻ͵ڳ
ǵצ¶ץűǵҪӴİ˿ֻôܹɵ

ҵιԹ!
µĽʿЩ͵񣬶̲ס𾪵ʲô?ҳôû
ôֻ!ҪǴܹȫӪԸ˰?
@޺ģڽѧ
Ȼ󣬲˷Ĳͬ:⡢ⲻ!
Ҳվԭأ̧ͷǸ
ĿȾõĹֶҪã˶ûпʱѾ
ȫòҲŵˡ
Ϊ׵ֻϣһĸߴˣʮֻҲˡ
ϵ·ʽͳһһǳͬһɣ׵İм䣬ȥΧ
˶ͬȴû˿Υͣͬʦֵܡ
˲ȷ˵:֮!
˵Ĳ²⻹ʮͳȷԼ:ʦ!
˰ߣĽԺûʦͬŵʮѾ·
ʦ!Сʮ!Сʦ!
Щץ˵ķȼһӪϿվͿʼ½硣
·æɢճλء
ЩȼһأڵϽصѩ
ӪѾȼ֮Щܹеȼףɱ𺳵

ᰴͣϵŵҲͬһӯԾ¡
ʮѾùԼȼױ˶ˣʦ!
ʦ!ŰȥһԼŵֻȼףȼͷ
˴Լ
һֱļλͽܣԵĪ⡣
ʦ!
;мԼСͽܣһּզզʮֻĿ
һȻҡͷ:㿴㣬ɽһˣֳûС
ʮѵһҲţֻ:¿Ժ˵ʦҾͷ
! 
û˵ʲôֻ̧ĿƬ鵲ߵİ
ӪеҲΧ£˹ͳ˧Ϊ׵뽫е֮ȫ¹
:
ǵʦҲǴ붰ʦӦ
Ѿȫ֮۷ıҲZһǶŰһ:

ջĿ⣬Ц:಻һҰףελ
𡣡
֮󣬰ĿȺһתǿZȻ˱ϡ
Ŀ⣬ǰһִ:
Ѿ֪˭
ڱԼʱ˰ᰡۣСһԼСͽĿȫ
ϣֻĵЦЦֵ̧ͬ:ض񡣡
ºͣԼ˵ϷĸǾʶҲԵ
˵ԵȻǰѰ͵ȥܿһķ粨ˡ
˱⣬ٴεתĿ⿴ƬʵƬĽ?
ǡҵȪˮʮʦȼγɵ󣬿Ϣȴû
ʲôɱ¶ҴѾƬ֮ΪʮʿɥҶ֣
!
Ļһ䣬Z͸˵:֡
Ҳŵ:!
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ǿŰûͬǵĵܾǵͷ:Ϸ˶
׮
Z˵ȳɡ
ZĻһ仰ֻ:֮ҵЩ֮仹
?
һ˲ǾͶöȻǶ˶в壬֮ǡ
@޺ģڽѧ
ͳ˧һ£ѾۼĽʿ̳һԣóͨ
̤һֻճһƣܻʱ޽ļӪžͺȻء
书˴һֻ˺ս룬Щ񶼹ȥž
ˡ
ǰһƬտսȼױһҲߵóȥ
ջ֣ļͽ˶
ȼͷᰴһǣЩľܵȼٴλת˹
Ӫ˼Ƿɹȴǵһμתɻ
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@޺ģڽѧ
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ȻӰٳڱ˳ȥ
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ȼʱҲǰȥ͸Щ۲ɢİ뵽սϿգЩ̬
սȼһ
ڳͼսȼ֮жһ֧ȼ״ڣγӮˣ
棬̲סѪڡ
Ķ˴Ҳ,벻սϻƾնôɱ!
ڷųЩȼ֮󣬾ûٶֻվԭؿ⿴״İɫ
ʱӽɢİ֮д˱ըǴػζĸоо
һ
⶯ϵȼŶҴ˻.ҩըɣֶν
?
Ȼȼ׹ƲɵҲûдЩȼװѶʰˡ
ϵһ̣йĽʿָս˿̶Ἧһ׼ŵȵһɢȥս
֡
ǰȥ˵ӰʱϵZֱǹһָǰ:!
ڣսϵɢȥ뱱ٴƴɱһ
Zսһ˫ȶ᰸ʮҲ¼ս
վڱߣͽڲٿȼס
ЩȼսΪŤתƣ˽Ϊ˶˵
Zս֮ʱͶĿ⣬ٿԼ
Сʱȼ޾ķŭ
Ȼ˿ʵ:ĳޣ򶫵ҵͳ˧?
ƽ˵:졣
ʵȷʵˣΪһ֮˽ȥңݶһʶɱһ֪
սˣͿ̿
ŭȼգ˵ҴֻˣԸɱˣˣɱ
֮졣
ǰԼڲͬľأͬ飬вͬѡҲȻ
ȴѾԶԶĵߡ
ٺڽȪʲôˣٺھʲô˵
Ψˡ

318
Ȼ:Ϸ򷽲˵ ˶һ׮֪Ϸ˵Ǻ?
ҡҡͷ:ⲻ֪ͽ̡
:߿Ҳ޷ һ׮ʽյĶս֮ӣĶ
ϡ
΢: кιϵ?
û̻ش𣬶ǳĬƬ̣ŵ:]֮в׵Ź棬
ʮأͽ٣ѧԲͬɽ֮н볯ߣҲߡ
սδƽʱ˵Źǵûие꣬еһ- 

ʱͽûвµŹԼԱһӦ˱ܼԺ֮ԼΪ
ܼԺһԱ
һۣ𾪶ݸһ  ˵ļԺ֮ŷ
ǰŷԺ
ǰŷԺŷ常
֪Լ֮ǰѾӢţȴ˵ٹ¡
һͽԺȻһ׮š
Ϊ֮󣬼˵ ŷԺ- - Ϣͱ͵˶һƷǰ
˵ʧ-֣Ҳ뱱ܵĺʱ
öڱܻʳǵĳŷԺȥ֮󣬱-Ʒǰθ˳ưġ
ŷԺ-ӵĶ֣˵ָƣ֪гɫļߣû
ͰԼȥĶӰ.
ȷʵŷȻ֪ڻʳ֮аĶʱը.ȴǵ
˱ܾǣ˰취Щӳ׵
: ŷԺߵȻִ٣ѡļ̳ȴʤŷԺһ
һλҲҪöҲȥ- - 
ҪɱһƷ£λԾοһһ ƷһҼ
ǧڧ೶ȣұ-ķѣûа취׳
˵Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
૵:ѡ˳ҵһ񡣡
ͷµļƲߣȥŷߵ֮ʱҾȫ
ûսٽ䲻
˵⻰ʱĿڿսЩŰȼס
ƾ˾֮ս֮ƵµҾʤ?
ͽĻ֮Ϊȥսȼס
ȼ֮ս֮ƵǧĽʿҲֵˣ˵һս
һӵ꣬˽յڡ
ԣ˵֮һ
ű⣬ص: ˵ĺ֪ȻļԺ֮ŷˡ
λٽҪɱҪΪΪһű;Ϸ]øĹҲ
;սϷǰֹ꣬
عĬƬ̲ʵ: ˵ЩҪģǽնսܣ
ҵϣҲɱΪŷ?
ҡҡͷ: ϷʸҪ³ޣг
?
˵֮㲻ֱ󣬾ƽս˳ȥ֮
֮Щĵȫһϡ
һվЩȼϽŲƣȼ׾͸鶯
ȼһģ ȼսĶʿ͸еȼ׵ǰſ·
ſѪڡ
ֻĲǿеݣһ-󵭻ɫ
һӴǾʧȥڵϡ
֮ȻȼĶ̣Ա֮֮սǰĶҽȫ಻
ԡ
ȥЩȼףܸ˸ǰæֻҪȼ-ų
׼Ӱ쵽ˡ
ǵһһص£ʧȥսаޣʵڲ֮Ϊλ
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ǵսΪͣսЭｻһ֣˱ܺ룬ĶҲٴߡ
ܺʣµʮжǵĴӪ֮⣬ųԽʮĶ
֣ǴӺʼȥǵͳ˧ͽΪǲ˵ıϡ
ѩ֮УЩһһŶҵı߾ȥҵĴӪգֻһطѩͿ

ԼŵȪ:ҪĶ
ڿٱеľһ͵ԼǰȪְο˸ӣҡ
εˮӳԼ
½ӸϣԱ߻һСƿӣԼ˵һŹ
ӣȹŷҲȹ̡
̧ͷɫƽֻЧһΣһˡ
ժһԺ󣬺ĵֲѸٵή
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ʱˣȻе⣬ڿȻʵ:Ҳ
Ե֮ûЩޣֻƼˮİˣҲ
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ˡ
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ⲢĻҲڴشԼһ䣬СƿӣȻ˵
һһ⣬ǾǼı?
ô˵棬ʵòǱ֪Լʲô
ԶļأһƷڵİ汾ҲǺȱδл۵ü˷ȥ֮
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ڶ֮վǰ,һ䣬.?
Ҳ֪ġ˵δܿȫòޱȣõõ
ɺܶ£Ҫ˵á
ĻؿƬ̣˵:ʹ˱
˵֮ͬЩȪһת뿪
ڶҴ󷽣һ̤ϻҵĹ;һȥһٳ
⿴ڡ˵Ӱ֮佥нԶճ׵ʧһһξ
Ҳʹ˻˾š

321
ս߾䣬󲿷ֵľڿԳؼ磬С־Ҫڱ߾ء
ҪͬZһصܵľȥģȥ֮ǰԽ˱Ĺ
߾Ĵׯ˰ŷǴɽϣûĹķǰΪ졣
ݶԾûŵ߾ɽȣľԴ䣬ٲݷï
ڷǰƣǰʪͣ˵:˻ȥˣ
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ǩͣսЭ飬ڵ֮궼ͬܺս˵ı֤
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ڶʱҲܹҰյĶݣͬһҲͨˣ
׺öҰޣҲܹ
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һԵЩͨգȴоԲ㡣
˵ٶ࣬ҲǵòӦġ
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վתҪ뿪̤һűһԻ
һ٣ԼǵλǵԼ޴һѪĻź
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һֻɫĺ֪Ӻδͣ仨ϡ
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صϤ򣬱ڱ߾Ƿ·Ҫ˵ѪҺסıѩСҪӦ
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С:үүǻӣⲻܺá
ȥүүҪһ뿪صȥ
ŷûڲ죬ЩҲڱ߾ЩСӪ
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ڶʱգͺȫһһ
лվԶԶZΪͱʹеļλҲ˹վһ

ǵչлǾʶҪȥлȴվûд
ȥͣʵ:лˣҪˣ㲻ȥ
л˵:ˣ￴žͺá
οȥֲǲټˡ
վֻڰᰵĿ⳯߿ʱˡjңңף·˳
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ZĿΧһɨûмӰûһҪȥ
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λҲ˳ȥ
Ľʿڶ֮У뻮һǵı´ӪǵĹʹ
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δϦϣÿһ˵϶һߡ
ŵĽʿȥһսı֮ͬķڣУ
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µˡ
Ѿ˴󲿷ֵ飬ҪݣȻҲͲҪǼ
ͣչ鵽˶Ȼʵ:?
ر¡ӳ˵ǵģСѾرȥˡ
⻰ϣתͷܵķ
һ·ûи·˵뿪֮ǰѾص˴Ӫ֮С
֮仹һԼûɣûĳŵžһս֮ǵԼ
Ҳ¶ˮһʧˣ뿪ʱֻվĳ侲Ŀ
ҡҡͷεص:ߡȻȥٻ

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뿪֮󣬱ܾͿʼ׼Ӫ
ZȴһӾܻؾΪּ߾ˣҲͬһ·
УСỹʰ
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ҽǾȼ׻غã֮ûȪ֮.
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ȼ׿Բжܹɽܹ졣
ҽǷм̨һ̨⣬˿̾н
ȼ׻زһƬƬľ֮ԭƴȥƴһʱлˡ
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л˽:⡣
ӶһԺֱ͡ûлͬú˵
ڴ˶ΪĿѾһȥˣΪ˲¶
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ڱѾҪZǰ뿪ˣлҵʱˡ
ĶߵԼǰĿԼϣ
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˵Ķ뿪
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ˡ
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ZŴǿܻҪɵȴֻǴǧ
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ӣֻǻʺ˵ZܿҪʱ˵üҪ˵ˡ
˵ͣвޣƬ̲żZĶӣZӱ
ػ͸ˣ߲ٳֹںΪǰô飬Ҳһ롣
Թϳ̫м֮𣬿һһҪĻʶ
ϵȨջȥ˭еļ̳ˣ˭ƷһĿȻ
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ڹĳ, Ҫαʥּ
ԼĶӣ뵽Ԫһ仰Ҳ˵Ҫȥͬ, Ҳûа취˵
öע, Ƕֳ˵ͷ, ȹ
ǰ¾Ǿȥ㣬󹬱áԼĶǰַļϣ, վġ

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Ԫ۲ϳ׵οֻ·Ϊһӡ
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һˡ΢΢üһѾȷ֧Ĵȴϲ
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Ǿ㷴ԣҲѾλϣȵģȻһֱȥ
ǺεȵǿӲŻڵиǣǻ飬ĴҲ͸ˡ
λ䣬Īٸ翹¶״¶һЦݣ޼ӣδȹ̽ɽĿáλϣһڻҵ಻ľܣһͳдѻкβã
һ˵ţһ̧֣һӣȴʣ´󳼵ķӦ
ʮģʱˣλã˶öʱ͸˳Ӧǻ֪ôġ
ЩԼ¶ɫ
֮ϥѾʼԼδ䣬ֻһѾԼĽǵϡ
Žǰƽ״ʿȹгƵ꣡
꣡
꣡
ЩŭһڴеڻվŵĳӶоһεѹǵϥǣѹǵıҪŵͷȥ׵
¶Цݡ
ΪӪĹ裬ߵһ
ȻҪЦһ̵ʱ򣬴ӵȴʯ쾪һϼݵ
кȻֹЩԭѾҪĴϸ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ϣ

 324 
ɫһףϣ۾ضŵŵķ
ֻڵ֮ǵ۵Ӱ˽
֮ǰ̫ҽһֱzãڲԣ˿תĳԪ
ۡ
ԪˮûпʺԾʹӵ˽
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ԪۿǣĿ⻺׵Ķϣ
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ϵɫʼƽ硪ԳԪ۵ĳҲûаּ
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ͳĽΧ˴ƾЩϳŵܷ
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ȳԪ̨֮ͣסŲڣ
:ʵȬǰˣҪϳôҲȸ˵
Ԫۿ
ҸӶţ˶ְ
Ԫۻؿڵ:ڲƬ̣ǲ
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ԼĶӻпԻء
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Ԫ۾ٲ˳̨һһؾȥ
ԼǰȻĸʲ⡪
ҲԼվԼǰʱȴ˿ֵ
Լ
֮ľʤǰ˿ûҪ˥֮
ơ
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ųԪ۵߽뷨зӿ
ͽЩͷѹȥ
ˣЩǲʶʽ̽Ѿû塣
ٴʥּ۾ϣᵳı˽˽ͼƹ
-Ԫÿǰһǵġ״ĸףǵΪ
Ԫ־ڹУ׶o
ֻǲڣѾ˵:ˣ
λվλϣ븸ⷬԻ
һȻʵҪıλԼĸ
ʴλϸȥȻȡ֮
ãã!
ԪͣסŲ˵ãŵͷ
Ρ
ӣү֮ʱûһλ
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Ԫְ̧εķϣܵ´ı䣬
תͷԼĶӣλö˵ô
Ҫջľô
ԶҪԼĸʣһһ
Ƕò
ȵZһоͶᱻĨɱ
λü̳нɽֻZ
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Թͣʳĵܣγ֮಻
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?
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Ϊ?ʣĵƱ컢
ӪӪǾǧ֮ΨһıԼʶĵܵ
ƫʷ궫ҽĵܳ󷽣龫ǣ
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ĦĶͳصӣѾ
ˡ
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ΪҲ㡪ƫ㣬ҾͲ¡
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жλԵ
˵תվ׵ĳԪۣȻЦţ
ȴᡣ
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Ҷޣ檽ղ֪ԭʼڷң

ĸ׵ĿתԼ˵ҵĶԵ
Ҳ!ҪҲȥһ!ҪǶ
λ˭Ķӣλϵֻ
ҵ!
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ǲҪߵһֻ첻վһߣ
ȥ߾ûZҲû²м
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Ϊǿ
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ɲϳ󳼣˵:մܵ˾Ҫ
ˣ˭ǲϳһ
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Ȼ:Ǿͱ߳һ!
ЩΧڴĽѾ'ǹָ˵
ˡ
ѡɡ֣վ·˵ͳ
淸ϵĻ֮䣬ȥ֮䣬ѡ
ѡ
ԪеİȥѾ˵ô࣬Ҳĸ
ˣfǶ֪ڸģҲٵȥ
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ҽжһ֮˲ϢֹͣΧĽ
׵£һȺСĿڿڣΧ
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ᡣ
ۡ𣬶ЩЧĽ
滹о綾ǻΪ
»ʣֵֵǵ
ǰԪЩ׷ڹĴ󳼾Ѿҡ
ˣټŷźС֣ǾԽ
룬ٿվiſڵƽ@޺ģ
ڽѧ
ô?ǲѾԺסˣһ
Ҳûзų
ջĿ⣬ֻ˵ǵ͹͹

ҲʧȥЩˣڳе׷վ
һߣЩϴ˶?ѵܽӻ
ɱ?
ĽֻʣڵЩļԺԱ
ɵٹ٣ҳɨ䣬ֻܰ
:Ǻ!˵һû
!
ջĿ⣬Ԫۣ·Ѿʾס
ӵС
ʺҪʲôͼ̨:¡
Ԫȴ̧һֻ֣عԼĶ
Ҫһٴ

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ȴЦһ:ʣˣǴˣӮˣǶԵ!㿴
˵ţ̧һָЩڵϵĴ󳼣ΪǴĳ֮Ϊλ
Ըֶ֧?
ҪóԪۿ顣
ǣԪϵɫȴˡ˿õԤС
үԪۻûڣվڵſڵŷ뿪ԼԼ
?֪Щ֧ĶЩʲôˡ
ЩڵϵĴ󳼾ͼȡһţЩš
һ
ŷЩţһ߽Щźһһ:
飬̡--Щ붫ܺ
ÿһְЩڵϵĴɫͲ԰һ֡
ŷ뽫Щźֱһӣ̧ͷٴο:֧㡢׷
ˡ
ճɹˣǾĸ󳼡
ɫ仯ŷ:ү뿴ĳ֮Уÿһ붫
ͽÿһ㣬ֻҪ򶫵λ㻹?
ɫࡣ
Щ󳼼Լ붫鱩¶׷ģͷĵ:¡
!ǳһʱͿǳһʱͿ!@޺ģڽѧ
ޱ֮!ֻҪȫн𡪡
|ݣȴֻҪǰѰŷȥԸ˱ȻĴңҪԪ
۴Ӧˡ
ֻһEŷܻ˱סɽӣǺܺ?ֻû뵽ЩžȻ
ŷӸȥڽ˳!
Ժ߹Ȼ鲼УЩݶʹ˵ҲѾץסˡ
ȻެıѾã⼸ղϳҲΪ˴!
ŷ뻹붫֤ݣھƱҲûãֱˣԪ
˵ԼĿԺͲѣ˵ܻĿ嶡
˭ҲóѱǼʧҲա
Ԫ۶Щ󳼵ʧҪ٣Ҫʤ
̫ξļƲڴʱ̽ЩԵĴ󳼣סǵİѱ
ǼȦ֮УżԺαװĶʹߴϢʱ򣬳Ԫ۾Ѿʧ
һأٿʧ
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ȥӦЩˣվսȭͷŷԼ˵:үǷ
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Ҳ붫ҡ
ŷ!һһٵصû㲻ҪѪ!
飬ʲôԲ᲻ϣҪλҲȥ뻢ıƤ
ү԰ꡣӻٴó˼ţ˵仰ƾ޾ݣү뿴
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:
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Ԫ۲֪ŷϻţһʼʱΪԼĶӣ
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ڣȻ޹أߵ˴˾֣һΪӻ
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ĸľ˾ˣ?
˶пܣÿһߵ˶Լ뷨δλãǾѾ
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ǲ
ָһЩٿɢЩż˵ŷļƲߣ
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һB֪ʲô
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Ԫ㻽ԼһֻԼ˵Ϊʲôûѡ
д󱦡
Ԫ۴ֹĶӵļ򣬵Ѿˣɡ
û˶־ˡ
һʼıÿһͶڳԪǼûһӳǵơ

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ʣµĽܾѶûڸ翹ܿԺ˾ʹǶ
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̧ͷŷ룬˻:Ѿõóżһ֪߾˭
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Ŀ⾼ֻһ𰸡
ֻʣǼˣŷҲɴظ:үĲ֮
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ԺĺСʱѩ緽ùţڷԲͬ
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Ըʵֻϣǵص:ܡ-
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ˡ
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֮£Ϊ룬ҲӦֳĶ
Ƕ˫۾ŵĵطռԺһͷоͻ
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ȱס취
ŷ뿴м˼ά֮죬ֻȴվ˵:ǲ
ҽȴǷץɡ
ѩҪٿڣŷ˵糯һ֧Ĵ󳼱Ѳ붫
ţҲڰ붫˹ᡣʱڣͨѹضݣǻ
þжңҲЩ˶ץ
ʲô?!ѩһʧ˳оȻ붫˹?
ŷѾ໰ֻһ̧֣˱ؽ˴ɢ

ѩƽ̱ƣȻȴֻڴ˴ʲôҲ
ЩԺԱŶʱԼķп
ǶŮҲûٳ֣ղϢҲֻƾ
ߵŮ̽һЩϢ֪ʲôϱӵӡƲչġ
ˡ
ľȴʼûкѾЩҩûȣҲȻʱʱõϵ
ооѣֻϱZˡ۵ģ
ԭΪԼٴطȥʱ򣬾Ƶ۵ʱû뵽þ
Ժȴ˷ÿ͡
-ǸʲôȥҼҸ޾!
ԼŮȻʲôˡ
δԻŵķ򣬼űֱƿԺĺСǰ
ǵĿڷˡȦϣȻ˵:гȥ
ʲô?οǿȻһ˼ѣҪסԼʱ
ǵҪʲô?!ð!
ô¼ԺǷ?
Щ˲ֻͣҪεŮ˽Ҫ:ſ!ſ
!ſ!
ȻԺֻͶˣֳ˲СĶһ˴Ժ
Щε˾ͣ˶е:̫ˡ
̧ͷ⣬ͷԽϳŷ롣
룬ѾͳԺˡ
εļһ𣬾Լµһ塣
ôʱûжȴطꡣ

 326 
ŷμѾȫͬϱӡǸŷľֻһ
ٷ
ſ!ץԼ˫֡
ҲΪŷڳҪε˼Ƿ
ѿȥ
!
εŮߣס֣ͬһڳŷ롣
ŷͶǰмĵطվνԼ:ŷˣ
ԺΪλȻҵԺ?ʲôԺ׽ﷸ֮ǲʲô
ˡ
дŷ뿴Σڴӱ֪˼ֶ֮ǰ
Ǹӡʧˡ
Ϊйģ뵱յԽȥԶŷ˿䡣
ž޲صڹıʧܣѱѺΣԺһ
˵ȫȥԺ󡣡
ˡ
ߵŮɪɪֻܹʲô
εʱȴܵشĴ˶Խˡ@
޺ģڽѧ
@޺ýڽѧ
xãȻص:ı?ʧ?
ûͬϱһϻλȴ㱻ͷԵ£Ȼʧˡ
@޺ģڽѧ
ŷͷ:ǲԸϡ
λع
Ⱳûܹ֣֮ϱɱĳ֮ҲҪԼ֮
ǰΪǿȡԼĶӵ˻λ
ԺΣǶôµĵطȥ֮Ͳúõĳܽȥ
Ҳܽȥ!ŷҡͷ˵Ҳܽȥ
ȻԼǼ˾һеŷˣ!Ҳ
һǡһ֮Ů!ı棬ҵǻй
˵ţ˼֡
ʧܣǾʤˣԼһ㱣ϣӦͬһҲһ

ֻҲ˿Ѿֻܹܼǰŷ룬ϣܹ
֮飬ǡ֮ͷŹԼ
ŷȴοɫ:ıδ죬ʵ
֮УΪƫҪڰǴȥ֪Ե?
:ʲô
Bx:Ϊͨѹ붫˽
ҡͨѹ⼸֣αͲȵֻ˻ΣԼΪǶŮȥ
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ȻԼ棬ԼûܽӽΪѼؼսʱϢץ
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˵粵֮ʣŷؿ:˵˻˲ۣ
Ҳűǻȥ˵ɡ
ٴʾԼǰȥξ¡
ס֮βŻعе:ǱƵġǱƵ!ⲻҵ¡
ǱƵ!
ô˵Ҳûˣ״񲣬ŷֱǰһֵ
󣬡ߡ
ֵڱԺ˰Χ֮˾𣬲ʱһ˶
Ժĺ¹Ա˳ѺԺļΡ
һʱ䣬ʹͥеظߣҲ⣬һ˲ƶ䳾
˾޳
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ˤڵϣű¹ϣµ
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ˡ
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Լһʹ졣
εļǶģǿյηҲûˡûбѺе
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Ѻ
ҳȥ!δ֣ҪȥļԺԱ˵
ȥ!Ҫŷ룬ҪҪ!ǱƵģǷҳȥ
Ȼŵ˳ţ֮ͺת뿪ιڼ
Ъ˹ݽе:Ҫ!
뿪ͽ͵ֱڰץӣߣҪ!Լ
ͬЩһʧȥǣɷ!
ûֻǽϻѵĹâηԶЩгϵĲ
Ӱ
οˣص￪ʼһϵҵƬΣϱΣⱲ
һߵգʧȥһУֻгϵӰʼߣսİ
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շ¡
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ʮͨѹ
ǰӳ¶СһЩŷӡǹ٣Ժ
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Zһ̱ȥ˻ʹûͬδѵĳϣ
ͣĴ⣬Ҳûнȥ
ڻǺģȥˣҲʱ̽ܲˡ
ŷ뻹ߣ֪ڸȥʲôط:ǲĻǾȥԺ

֪˵αѺĵطǸɴӦ:á
ٴԺļΣǰϤɵļ̫ţȥ֮ŵǸ
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ϴα游һѺ磬ŷţ˵û̧
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ŶǱȻعѺŮ죬ѩӦҲ֮С
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̨㽿Ů˵Ĵ
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xҡͷ
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ٿˣ鷢Ѻգݿ³
ĥǾԼԼĳˡ
ȡԿףݵ˱:ηԿס
վ˵ȥ

 327 
ʲôˡ---
ڻпӰԼĴǷֱֳۣŵҪ
ݵĵÿʲôˡ
ֻһ˰ʲôǸһֱԼŮӺת뿪ˣĽŲԶȥ
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μӿ˶ηǰȻסˣͷɢҵ̧ͷվǰˡ
վԭûжαƬ֮ϳԼ:?
ֱʱˣολ뿤ʲ
ô?
ȥ˱߾Ϊλ?
αؽв֪߾ݵ飬ֻɵؿű⣬ۣԿ
ײ.ηϹŵȻһתͽˣƳɵ˼们䵽˵
ϡ
صҲεϣʶɿ֣ű򿪣Ҳź
ȥű˽
ʱĲѾʮִˣһ֮Уһ
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ˡ
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ϵ鲻ϱ任˾棬ֳŵͷԼ:㡭
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ϵһ
ǳ˸Լһһˣڴ֮û˻֪Щ飬ǽ˲
ͬıҲܡ
ܡ૵˵һ䣬Ȼ͵İθ!!
ֻǻþͬϡĻþ!
һסļ򣬰ҪӱƿĿת˻ֱԼ
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Ļڵһ¶ЦݣЦȴûдﵽ۵ףϷ
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֪һԼһУȻСѾͷҲµһo
ô֪ⶢҲǽл⡱
仰ͬεĶըըǰȥɫҲڷͻ
֮
ҪѣҪúõؿԼԼҪ˵Ļ
һְεļһԼľ䣬ǹھ׹һ
УȻٵεǰ
εĿĶУ׹ϣ˵:ҲӵйˣҲ
ӱӱǣΪҾͲܱһ?
ǡ
εĿۼУ׹ϣĻ
ֻҪ׹Ϳ̥ǴԭӱǾޡ
Լ׹׹֮ԼӦӵеһС
һӳŵ棬Ҫűϵ׹ȥе:!һ!
޺ģڽѧ
һ֣ݵԱһξ˸գˤϡ
ϵĻݸָ֣ⶼϸϸܵĴʹ
ҩͻþĥ׷ϱĶֽһ
һ±֮ſڵϾ֧ԼﶼûС
е˿ԼȻеͷƤһʹɵ֡һ
ץűѾɢҵͷӵͷòﳯȥ
ƴұץסԼˣֽ׹õԼǰ
ض׹ʧģӻ֮һֱѰҵıھǰ
ȴȥûС
׹ģˣҲˣΪӱ
ȥҶռһӵĶ˰ɡ
˵һγһһηʹ
ⲢĥΪֻ֣ӣֻеʹŻ㹻ѣöԼ
˵ʲô
㲻һֱ֪׹ʲôʱ߱ߵ
ʲʲôʱ򡭡ʹǣϵѵ̧һֻű⣬
̲סʵ
˵:롪룬ʲôʱ?㲻һʼͻˣǴ컨֮
ɡ
ҧ˵ûȻԼһҲǰļ䣬֪Ҳ
֡
˵:Ҳǵôºɻأȴֽȥ
ȥȵ㡣
κ:Ǹʱ򡭡
˵:תĿ⿴Լŵ׹ǰڲϵ׹Ǽٵģ
һУȴġ
ѾʱˣҪμһ׹ԼϣøӲʡ
Ŀ׹ϵĨɫ棬Ǹʱ׹ûĿҪ
Ƥ£׹Ϣ?οʱϻߣܹ֤
ݵ￴ýúܣǺֻܽҵѪ档
㡭κ޵ҪѪ׹Ǹʱġ
ޣԼΪʲôûܹĸһ㣬׹ͲԼһУ
ʲô֪°ܽϡ
@޺ģڽѧ
֪Ҫô׹?ԼҲ컨ò֮ײŽ׹
ռЩ÷
·ܹģЩͷֻһת֪ʲô
ͣԭĻ⣬˵:ô?ǲô֪ҪѪ׹
ô֪÷
κϱӾҲֻǸ߹׹棬δ
Ҫã㡭-
ȻΪԼ֮ľ룬:
ΪԺһֱ͸ߣĿؿô£ҵ
ȣҴţһ㡣@޺ģڽѧ
η类סӣϢסſһЩȫ֪һֱ
߶ԲԲ֪ҵ״жң֪һ׷ʲôĸо
εĺ￩죬ĵ׷
˿̣ϵԩ꣬ٴԹɢسηſڣ۾صԼ
߷·ϱǸż´ɽ׹ŮҲڳԹ޵Լ
Ǹĸ߾ԼߣԼܶǸ򣬻Ȼ˵:
ֿ˶ԣϱҾģʱʱ̶̿޲ɱ㡣

 328 
Źҡڱطʹ, ѾʲôõˣΪʲôϷŹң
֣ץϵĵ, ηֻüԩȥ
ѾʲôˣҲˣΪʲôҪң
վ, һ֮ͨظ.ȥ, ſڵʹͣ
ΣһĻ, ηһС
Ǵ˿̿ģ־ȥǻѾûʲôˡ
˳, صη⡣
, æ̧ͷ, ߵŵԩ֮, Ȼм֣¹ηš
ǰºϣٴλΪ硣
ԭأ¸η֮, ͽԿװ˳䡣
Ȼ, վ, һĿ⿴
Ҫʲô
һ̣ͼóһɫСƿ, Լǰοƿ
εĿСƿ, ţװŵʲôǶҩ𣿡
ķӦȡõ˱, ƺЦһ, ֽ̧ƿ΢΢бҺ˳
οǳҺƿһһ˵ϡ
ҺϤ˵֪ʲôȪ
Ȫ
һ֣λĴһšȪֽŲõĳŵķ֣֮ҪȥץȪ
һĵطڿץӣвͣظţȪȪ
ͣ㵹ǰ˵ֻҪȪӾͻҲῴ㲻뿴ĶҲһС
㡭ͣ˶ץ̧ͷ촽㣬Ȫ㣡
Ҫ
ò׹䣬ǸȪЩĻþ
֮Ҳãã֮Ѿĥüûˣܡ
ҡҡ
سű֣ڶѾûʲôвˣһȪѡ
ǵ˵Ŀ֮ԭѾֹͣ㵹ıٴνеƿ£ñϵȪˮ
Ȫ߶䵽ϣмɽεֱϣһʵУؿƿеȪ
Ժηһ飬ڽĵذŵݣȪ㵹ηڣԲȥڵȥʳЩȪ
ǵ棬ĹȴȪһȥ͸˽ȥ
ǰҲȪһƿȪ֮ͽƿӳ׵˹˦˦˵ûˡ
άֵĶؿһƬʪġɫطһ
ϱӱ׹һУȴûдȪȥ
ˣվͲҪϣȻǰֽϣ顣
յƿӱ⿴ɺֻôһƿȪҸˣûôģԲԣȥץЩüġ
˵֮ͲٿΣתη֮ȥҡҷĻһһ߳η
ڶݵ֮ѹ쳤ȥץʪŷɫȪȪ
һҪõȪ
ֻѾϣ쵽˼ޣվǲôһ㣬лˮ£ͽǰȴȫ
һСʪɣηʣڻ죺ȪȪ
-
һĶҲҪȥˣڻıѩ֮£֪һվµѿ
߾ݣͣսӱᣬĻӿݶҵʹųԱҲͬһ
ʹŹһգһȥ˳ſڣվһڴֺµؿŶķ򣬼ҪǵСӣֺ¼Сӣϻʲôˡ
û¡§ӵļοû¡
жǱģʲôˣҲκġ
ţӿڵˣˣү㿴Ǹǲж
˳ָķһĹȻǵĶӡ
ж
ȶȫѾԼȥ
Ϊ˼˳ӭӣڴԲ˵Уһеĸ׵ҲʮֵĴۡ
׷һǵǰ
жڷпŶӣ˲ж
ĸлдطȥԼĸףĸססĸ׵ֱۣٿף˵һˡ
ͺáŶӣۿ΢죬ͺã
ж֣סؽԼĺȻȥӵӯڽ޵صжܿˡ
ûСлеûʲô࣬ǵˡ
Ҳ⣬ӵ˶ӣıŽſ˵ߣؼҰɡ
ԡᣬ׻ǵͷȥɣɩӸ˸Сֶӡ
һ׮ϲһ׮ϲ
ģ
лϢҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
˵Ȼġ
ڱ߹شݵϢļշģһһҹĳ
ȻˣĸƽλҰʱΨһɫ
ле˵ͷֻĿΧһɨûмű⣬ϲЩ
ʵأ
һȻѾȫǵĸȴ֪ݵġ
һѾ䶨ȴûԼ˵ͻûлصС
ӿֻҡҡͷ
Ȼ֪ۣһãֻ˵Ϊһ͵СûĵģҲԸׯ
лгʹҵʱŮûгͣںò׹Ҳ¶棬Ǵͷβ淢ʲôȻ
޷леûׯϳͷȥׯˡ
ֵ˵ôƫ豦⣬Ű軵ˡ
ȻһڲͬӭʹŵĶһ𣬴ӳ⳯žл
д֣һŵƽʣʿǹʱ򣬴Сﻹ˱
УڻͬڻƽϲǸλ棬һߺȲһͷֻһǽ֮Ϣ
ûлҲʱûлصׯȥ˽ţطСʤڰھУʱüϢ
ǰԺηΣ֮󲻾оʹԾϢ
˵ס˲ӣϵ˶
ͬΪӪһ˵ʵڳ
ҹ˶Լȵͷȥʱʬ嶼Ѿ͸ˡ
ϢûʲôоŹʹ𣬲ٹˡ
ô죬ǳ˱ϡ
ԼȥʱξѾǿ֮ĩڱԵж½Էɵϣⲻȥһݡ
ͷת㲻ٹ¡
ǴʱҲһʱʱ䣬ӦѾˣͬžۣصУܿճãûµСֶӡ
ż־ֽһˣŻһļͼ϶磬ټʣԼҲȥŻϵһžۡ
ŻϵԲһԽԽϲ֮£ԼͱеԽ˼ּȡ
ҡͷŽ£洫
ŵķסԺطûʲôÿͣοʱ
СѾˣΧȹϲֶ˵ȥš

 329 
ȥɡ
˵ͷջĿ⡣
СᳯȥҪȥ˨ûֻͣ˵:!
ʱѾƽаӦʲôΣա
СţŵǸͱԼҪЩ
վˣһͨݰСһǴüĿڵ
ˣŲͬ·ȴһˡ
С飬ŵĹ:˭
ѩֵʱ̲סҪ۾濴ҹɫֻһ޳Ӱӣȷ
ǲǱ⡣
СỹڵԼĻشæջĿ⣬˵:ҿġ
С֪ǴܵĿӦ֪ѾŶԡ
ŮǰЩ˭᲻Ը͸оѾӺ˹
Сᡣʵ˭?
ͷѩϸ̫˱Ŀתؿź
⡪Ȼסˡ
ĸүүѩв²ˣû뵽ϸ̫
Ҳˡ
⼸˿Ҳ˵һѾȫȻҪǲ֪ʹ
ֻ꣬Ҳϲ
⡭ѩվż֮⣬Ѿ̲סǱ?!
̫ͻڣǶ˶ûгȴȿڽ˱֣ȻԵЩԽ
ȴ˵ǡ
ҡЩٶץС֣õһԡ
֪˭ˣǰһֱȴûиҼļˣ!
ڿ˳ѩ̾ס֡
ȻǰȫˣȷǱ
Ҳ''סĿɶѩϳ̫ͻϿȥ
Ȼˣȴûȥǣĸүүˡ
⿴ˣѾ̲סۿǰһɿ˶ѩ֣ȴǰ
:ĸ!үү!ⲻТ!
ϱŮˣȴԼҲţڼⱦôһȴ
Ҫ:⺢!ʲô?
·ЩдתͷȫɢûҪ֪˼
̫ҪһЩȴҲ̲ס̧֣ȥ۽:⣬

!ѾֱۣҪ˴ӵ϶!
ֲʦġ
ɡ̫Ҳ֣˵пԣĸ֪ⲻ㣬
ѩҲæǰͬϡӵϷ
үүԼʱ򣬱Ѿ˳ֱҽүү
Լ
ڶѩҲ˳վ
ϴ⣬ѩΪ˻գЦ:ӱˣڿɸ
ˣһա
ĻԼģıȤֻ̲סΪЦ
Цˣѩȴ˲Լֻ־ȥᡣ
һֱ̧еظоǰĲͬǰҪЩȴǱˡ
ССԺӣ̫ͻϳͣںͬǿû£
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ССԺСű̫ϸѩ̫߷̵
ĥ
ͬǽܵ:СһѾͬҰˡ
áϵͷǸúӡ
Ǳǿܶúߵġ
˵֮󣬵ͷ˱ոԺﻭҹͼһʱϰ߷е
Ƕû˱ʷ˲ˡ
꣬Ͼ֮ǰô£Ůбڱ߾Ӫô
ˣô£ÿմϢʱ䶼ûУʱ?
ʱ佩סˣ֪ôԲ̫˵:ҿ⻭ǺܺãⲻǸ
ô
۾ϳ˭˭ˡ
ɪڴȤ:̫ʲôǺõġ
ϸɿһ˵:̫˵ò
ڻԼǴǰǸŮ֪Լ˸Ǻ⡣
Ȼ˱⣬ǾҪδȥǶͲٷһС
Ժסš
ͬǡȥУǴׯһġ
˵:ȥ֮󣬲ǰ
Ͼмôʱ䣬ׯѧΪڲ¶棬Ǳչ֮黭費
Ǿ˵ȥˡ
ĴԼභѾ쵽ˣʣôʱ䣬ѱˮƽθߵ˵Ŀ
һĴҵĳ̶ȣҲԼ
ЩǺ󻰣ֻҪŮͺá
Щʱ̫ҲѾŮ˼飬˵:ߵǺýͣׯϿ
ʣԵֺãһйĳظٳһЩҲ֡
ⱻĸ:ĸҵ--
˵:Ҳý
Ȼէһǰܴ󣬵ϸ֮󣬾ͻᷢڵı仯ڴǰ
ġ
ȻڣԼһȻҲܹصǰԶ
ǶصԼˣҪߣ̫ڿˣϵǿֱӸߴ
š
СʶȪʶȼ׳ȴûĻֻʵ:ĿԻǰ
?
˵һٷ֣ųɡ˵Ҳо仰Ů̫ʮ˱?ⶼׯ
סСûˣ䡪ЩҲ
̫ͷ
ٶ˵:Ȼ˾ýܲˣһһı䣬Ͳ֪
ˡ
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˵ɾ͸ɣöѩȥϰԼĶ˹ȻΪò@
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СȻ˼ԺֶΣ.Ƥߣֻǿʻ⾰ܸı
׵ļܣǵһο
ֻŸĹ߸ĩڱڣʱ˿ʱ򣬱Ѿȫ
ӡ
ˡϺˡƬŮȻˣǿô?
С⣬˶ԱǰʮϤһ˵ѩ̫
˹
ѾǸղʱ򣬼Ǹģǰпڿڷƣ۾
һ̫ͷ:񡣡
@޺ģڽѧ
ϵ֣Ȼ
ٿ⣬˵:һա
⾭ô飬еѾͬǰͬ
˾ͼеĹâһ˿ž˼ȣԭǸˡ
!˶
СѾȡ˾ݸ⣬˵:㿴
ûмԭӣڼߵȫһ
@޺ģڽѧ
ӹ˾ӣھпžΥ̲ס̧Լϵ
:ô?ǲǻҪүүѧ?
ıСѾͷȻѧȥһ룬ǻûѧء
̫ҲԵ:±ˣһȥ˰?
ˡ¾ӣ̫¶һЦݣܻȥˡ
ϵͷ뵽һžۣԼǿʶѩ߱
´СѾͷԸԸ˼ҡ
δ̫꣬Ͷ˵:ǡͬȥɡ
һ:Ҳȥ
̫ͷ:ǰǱʦүүںӻˣȻҪһ
ۣô?
ϱƴǣЩʱ̫ͬסׯϣʱʱȲ壬Ѿ֪
Ը
˵ȥǾȥ˼˵ˡ
ֳȥ⻱ͬԺ¹

 330 

̫?Ҳ?
һ̫šֱ˵ҪׯϱչѧϰСŮˣʱ
ǡӦţҪҴߣæס֣Щ.Ÿյſء
˵šߡȥӭ̫
ſڣ̫ͬĿĸԵСŮϣʱһ
Ȼǰס֡
ټԼףһӾͷӿײסˣû

סشﱧԹ:ׯϣȴôûм㡣
ϵַ似ûŮʲô仯ȴ˲١
ȥׯϵʱ򣬸ͷԼһЩȴѾԼһء
ɵÿ̫֤ͬǲǳˡ
ׯʲôá̫ڵҲæģ˸Żѧ֮
ˣҲ֡
˵ͷȻ˵
ڸǹȥ̳˻⣬ʵ:ףɩ˸СֶӣСֶ
Ķ
ջĿ⿴ֵص:˵أɩʱ㶼
Сֶӵϯɱٲ¶ˡ
һƽսͣϢȻʲôϲ¶ذ죬顣
ĵճȻҪúðһϯġ
ԭı棬ǣ浽ΣҲþ֪
Ԫ۽ԣ޹أαֻŮѾˣ
.ЩҲһҹ
ھǰǲġ@޺ģڽѧ
һ˻ص˸Уӣδ̫ĸ
Уֵ:Ѻӱ̫
ĸӦһǣź̫ǰ˵:̫Сӡ
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ԿżСһûһ¾ͳ˽˶ϻһС
壬ǳԼ֮֡
̫Լĵһ￴Ƭ̣¶ϡòеЦݣ:⺢ӳ
áתñ⿴
˹:ҿ
ͼ˵ʱСӤˡ
۵С۾ǰЩΧˣȻ¶һ
Цݡ
ЦЦ!ĸž͸ϲϲСЦ!
ɰЦÿһAϡҲЦݡ
ﶺӶƬ̣˲ŶصУлڼлԨлж
ְÿ춼æµúܡ
ǰһɨпճĹְ¿ƽʿ˺ˣһ볯ʵְ
Լǰ֪Ҫ켸֡
һĸӶڳ˲ְͬλظʱǴӲͬķģΨлԨ
Ӫϰ
һصУ̫ˣҲˣв֪ʲôлڼлԨ
ʮϲлмű⣬ϲ֮ȴǶ˼ֿο
һ˺تڳһ˵:ˡ
ճ׼˺þƺòˣһûо۵ô룬籦ڻͬԺﻭǷ
ùòŷֿԳԼԺȥ
Ŵߣȥ̽˻ӵɫ;񶼲ʮֺá
ȵɩ꣬Ӧٹ˵ų֮˴ǵ鷿
гĶ磬˵Ժĵo
ҲŵһģűŹͬѩһԼԺߣž̲סЦ

ص˼ﰡ
صΥԺӣһţͼ˱Ȧѩ
ϲͣ½Ųϥǻ:ѩ!
èǵؽһ߹繵
һУԺֻС¹ͺҲ˹
Ƕǵ·ûиֱмʱ䣬һеϤϢ㶼

Ⱔ:һˡ
˵ڸУʲôλúĲϳģǾƾϢ˵С
ˡ
Сһ˱ԺӣһӵСﶼ׽׷Ҫ
Žݣֻ:Ļг󣬾Ȼ̵һ档
Сᡣ
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С˹ѩ˸ŵķ䣬ϲϲ?
Ůű˵֮ǰǰ°ãڻǾǿo
СὫⷿ俴ʮϲ˵ллѩ㡱
ѩһЦ:Ҳ˿ˣһˣͲ
ˡ
СվڴߣתͷԶѩ˵:ҲҪź򣬸
ߣҴû۹
ѩĻԽŮӺãﰲҲܺܿ
תۣ̻£ԼսԡǮλʦo
ԭŶҹҹսܲУû뵽ȴ˳ܹöȥ
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ɡ
󣬲ǡ̱תǲģһбԣ
ȥ۽硣
ϻǡᣬͷʶֶΣûء
ȥʡͣԼͬ飬Ҫȥĥһĥǹ£ôԼҲ˸
ˣû뵽̧ͷͼˣ!
һöһѽȥ!
һϴСӲڣһߵǸ
!̷·˽ȥϣЦеӭǰָԼ
!ɻǵ
¥Լô·ֻͣ
ǵҲܿ콫˳˵:Ӵ㰡
ٺں١˵ҡ¥ʢ£ǽ
ȥ֪ܲͨһΣǶҲȥ۽硣
ϻû˵ʲôȿڵ:үүŵλүԵҪǽΪ
ͺȲʣҲͦõġ
۰Ͱ͵ؿһ˵:ðɣһȥɡ
л!̸ͬ󣬡ߡ
һΣ¥Ĺ¼ϴȻû
ڿڹǰȻֿ⣬ͬһ˵ˡ
λû뵽ﻹǿ
ھǣȻһשӳȥҵĸ׹ݡ
ڿޣžޣʱڱׯϱչأձкܴİ
ˡ
ϰȻ:Ȼ
Ȼ̧ȥ
Խһͷ̧¥
һ¥¥϶ס
ǮļҶѾǰˣ¥еİҲ˱أмһųǰ
ĸλֱļʦ
ԼĵӳԣԼΪУϴűһĴʦ
˼Դ
ǸϹһ˴뱲ӣҪǵĵ˶ˡ
ߡ½Ż˵ȥȻ
һͿˣүүǰҲͬһͣ
Ϲ!һڣǸǰһ壬ˣһΪңռ
βͲҳء
ƨ!õػػӻǽǾ͸ϴɾӵţ
ͽôɱķ!

 331 
һ
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顣ó鷨Ǯϵ⣬ֽϼ¡˵껹˱һۡ
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һ棬Ȼ˻ԹϯϰæȻȰ:˵䣬˵
䣬⻹ڱء
û͵ⳡˣôô?

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Ҫǿԭʲôսԡ
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Ҫ˵ѡˣͻͦѡġ
ҶУǳоȫûԵҲͲˡ
ôһ˵̸̾Ϊֹ֮ǰȫ벻

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һ˵꣬Ȼ˵ϰ̴Բ:ҪҪ
Ǯ϶Żһͷ˵:Ѿˡ
ü:Ǳɡ
iԣ̲ס:㲻
ϰȻ:Ȼͽ߹ݣȻҪķڷǵı׼ǻ
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䡣
ڱһʤһƽ۴ʻʵ˵ʤҵһ
ϹϿϣ⡪սӮˡ

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һԤϵı顣
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ӽ֮ĴҸ֮便˭ʤ˭ѾҪˣǽӮҡ
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