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2Ů̸̵ͣԼûʲôӣȨıҲ٣ǸϲСѵ

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 1 

γ꣬紺֮ҹ
ݻĹڣȴΪû㹻ĵ͸ڵױ̨ǰſС̫СŮ졪
浹ùֵʲô²ãƫƫź򳤹һ֮ʲôźģװմС̫һ
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 2 

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ߴʺ򣬼һŤͷ㿴һɫװĿ磬˿һֻŲСµĺϣַֺصĴԱߡ                        
лҪ˵Ҳ͸ɣֻҪдǰ棺ϲŮϲϲСϲ˵ҲǶҩ±ģŮ֮ûɶŰ㣬Ҳܿ⿪ģ50~

 3 

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 4 

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лҪ˵Ǻ뻨Ǯлл
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 5 

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 6 

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лҪ˵˵ʲôƨ

50~

 7 

¥㼯ʲôҽ˸
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лҪ˵


ףﲻԵӣ
50лȣTe amoһƲһ඼Сѵĵ~

 8 

󸹼ָ̫ЩûסѣƺһüͷĿƺΪܵðá
ˣҲ͸ˣ򢳰һū磬װʲôߡ
ԼĲɡ
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Źһ£ͻȻɵĺˡ                        
лҪ˵뵽ɣŮҲ
뵽뵽ˣͷе
50˵Ůױǣߣʵûϸ˵Ůһֱռλ㱻ֻʱûعζԭһĸ̥åɣ

 9 

ŹڵҲˣôһӣֱӺתͷˣģôôصλϺֱѹʣĸôˣǵ۸ˣ
ûСŹŹֵĿ˼һۡ
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ŶԼŹֶŮᲢۣɵÿ֡
ԿվԼŸ˸ɬϾͲسЦˡ
޲һ˵ֹﲻؽ黳˵꿴̱¶ǡôɻǳһЦδͬʽ˵λֹҲǸţʱ빬޷ŹζҪˡ
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𱼱ҴҸ˹ȴһǽ壬ǽ֮ޱ                        
лҪ˵ҳΪ̫ԼԼ

 10 

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鲻ΣܳңһӺݺݵңҪˡ                        
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 11 

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 12 

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ʮŮϷͶҸղűһǸлƱӪҺĹܣǷֻлһģ֮ǰлˣҾϸɣôôߴ

 14 

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ĿƬ֮Įһ²Ҫ汾֤                        
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 15 

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ᶯ˶֮ЩɬʣҪޣ
۾Ƭ̺ľζҲԶȥ˲侲
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̧ͷӣ齥֣ʲôҶʵش𡣡
鲻𴽽ǣԴЩźƸ۵ĿУһʣڷ¥ǲ׬ͦడ
Ѿ׼˵ȫܵ                        
лҪ˵һλᣬջȥ
ˣղץôץˣҲƳˣ50~

 16 

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˯ûģоʪĶϣһ˿ͷ˰ϻʪüͷȥץ
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бһۣǵÿ顣
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һɵȻ㶲ŷӦ                        
лҪ˵ÿ춼ڵȵ

50~

 17 

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һΪŰĽΪǺڻȮĹ

 18 

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Ĭãƺҵġ
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Щϸˤˡ˵ţ˼֣ͬ¥ʱֲɫĿ֮һۡ
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Ѿ֪ʮˣʱһ飬һҪǮʱ۾һ
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֮ԿҲã
үõµ軨ҪɳЩΪһֱûãĮʵ
֮Կζӵ˼ǰЩӵʷѣҲǹӳģ
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Ʊˣֱ޶ûطޣЩݸȨҲˣƫƫôǮܾҲͷֻĿ
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֮ӹҩ˸룬ҩصߵԱø죬ǵ߹ȥ㲻Ϊΰҩ
ҩǸ׼ġ֮
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ҺʲôҲ֪ƽʱ˵ûѾźҵͷģȻһЩһԼЩɢķ١
֮üһɵڰտڣΪòץ˼أôҲŹģԭҴˡ
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Ůӵһһ㶼ܣұҼź˵ģȵЪԼΣ˵СԴ˶ʧȥȤˡ֮ʧ㣬ֻܽС̶ڳ


 18 

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˵ԵôôҪ³ӣ
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˵ԽԽֵɫԽԽ԰, Ҳû뿪, ֻһߵԲ̨ǰʱ˾
ۿ΢Ŀ̨֮ˣӣҽǰҪѿ, ֻǲԸ衭
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֮ѵ飬һССʵҲʲô£ǽзȥ˶ѣڿѾˡ
ʲôˣõԤԽԽ
֮ڨЦһЩҿ۾Ȼźµˡźġ
ǸңǾȻ̷򣿣ҧгݵԭشתתȦָǵôģȥŮƱһҲھʹ˿ʼʳ֪ζƻɣΪҪ£
Ůӵһһ㶼ܣұҼź˵ģȵЪԼΣ˵СԴ˶ʧȥȤˡ֮ʧ㣬ֻܽС̶ڳ

лҪ˵ƣҸԶôݳһ
֮
ǰһк100ֹ72賿һ24Сʱ29賿ϾŵʱҪˣͻָʱ䣬ôôߴл֧

 19 

ֱ֪˵ʲô, һ䣺ȥѷƸҽл
Ѿڻ·ˡ֮ε
ΪʲôѾȻˡһŬԼ侲, Ƭ֮侲ˣ˲ըˣǾͲ׼ţЩҲ׼ţòժ˷˵ñ, ˭ٸҪÿ
², ǽ, Ǿ˵ˡ֮üȰ⡣
һɤӺ΢侲ЩȻգھ˵ˣ֮ǰҿ˵ɫ, ̫ʧ̷¶֪ȫҶ, ŮƱ̷ȫµİοң
԰, »תء֮, æο
˶٣һɵĿʲôתأ
֪½, ⶣ˷, Ҫ׼ţֻҪ´˾֮⣬¾κ˶֪֮
ҲǲôҶð£
ʵڲԸ, ںԺţظʲô̷֣͵Ǹūˡ֮Ȱ֮
ü뷴ԣ֮̾¡
⸱ģֻòͷĴӦˣǾ͵ūŰɣǵãͰūŵķǲã͸Ӵ򷢳ȥ
л¡֮۵һ˿Ц⡣
ʵ̷£ؾ·ʱõģѵ껪ҲͨˡֻȻǵϵ̷ȴ͵²Ů֮飬ƾ͸˵ˣ¶ˣȻҲԵ㺡
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ʱСĸ죬Ȼмƽϡֱ֮ͦ۵׾ƶ
֪ЩƣֻЩ꣬ȰԼ죬Щֻϧûùһ˲ƻԶ£¿쿴Ƹ׼ʲôϲ

Ĺ򣬷Ѿ˽ϲõü۶ˣ£
ң뿴㡣ͷۡ
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ǳ˳飬޿Ŀ˵ȥԼҪˡ
ƣҪŵ¡µ´Ŀ޳ֻ֮ѡ
ϿˣҲƳȥ죬ûпֶ飬֤˭⡣
֮ͷһСһȻɿȴΪ´þˣ۹ú͵һĸߣúãǵ¿Ҳò
Ȼȵ侲ٴЩˣȼһӡҲǺõġ˼ˣ֮Ȼˣ»ȥһ°ɡ
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һһȰȻȤЭˣ߰ɡ
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ͷһҿ˻ʲô
ȥǹ䣬͵¶ֻСƹһ˯
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ƣأ֮΢ЦֻϧЦ·˱ꡣ
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üͷôУ֮ˣ̷ȻҲҪþòУ˵Ťͷǲǰ£
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˵ǡ֮ǿ΢Ц
ЦƵԴˣȻˣǾͱǲȮˣֻܺúžǡ
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һ֮ưͳԻģˣ˯ʱûѣǱðɣصҡ
˵Цӯӯ뿪ˡ
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ʲôƱɻ
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Ȼûˣ˰޹˫ۡ
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ԣˡͷ
֮
һӺǰԺ˷ƵİֻϧѾ޷˯ȫⳡɹ
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ȡˣа׵Ľзǣа׵Ľз¡ƻش
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ȡģôô⣿ü
΢죬һ򶨣ûʼ䡣
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ϵϢŵĲɣڷܵôҲƻɡ
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ѾǵԼղ˵ʲôļΪʲôҪƻ
䣬Ķˡ
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׿ڳϣ˵
ÿֵطʱֱϳۣҲˣȷʵˣԲܰﱾһΡ֮顣
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¾ںӣʡ
Щܹͣ鲻ںɣ
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һ˲
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ǲܵģ΢΢ֱЩѾᷳˣ¥ؽһ춼ˡ
Ǿ´ߡĿ
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лҪ˵ϰ˵㿨ڣѼһ£֪ûСѵ
ǰһк100ֹ72賿һ24Сʱ30賿

 20 

˵, ᷿һƬĬ
֪˶ãޱ֮Э̣ΪҪ˶Ϲϵ, ԴٲɣǴظôϾϵ
ǾͲ, ´ȥ¥, Ҳطɢҥ, һɵ
Ŀֱӣ˵һ䣺, ǲòᰡ˵Ҫ汾س, ǲˣԼԱᷳ
δᷳ, ˵һ, ֻǶԵµһЩΪ޷ͬ
ü磿
ϲˣ˱ֹ٬, Щḡش
û뵽˵, ʱЦˣָһѣ
û뵽ͻȻ֣ĵطĴл֮ȥһ, ΢΢ˣ¼ȻҪպͷͲҪз֮ҲҪˡ
ȵȣʱӦҪ븮ˣֵĿһۡ
Ĭһ˲ǲӦҥʱ᲻͸¶ʵ顣
в۾
򴽣ҡ
űˣ˵ԼңЦһüͷֻȻɫȴʮ־ǿǲ׸ı⡣
ֻϲľΪһҪߣ˼ĿͼԵɡ
᷿ٴξ֪˶ãŵüͷƽҲ±ô֪ΪһҪȥ
һ£Ŀ
ǻǲó¥ȰϸģҲֻбһˣ촽Цⲻ۵ף㵹Ǵúܣ֪ؼʱð˭
ߣҲ̬ȣûǰһֱӴ뿪˵ʲô¥Ļ֪ٲ¾޷ˡ
ǰôߣΪûϥǵĻᡣһ˿мȴº͡
սεδôࡣ
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۾ģ
Ȼƭ㲻ɣһϡ
˵ˡ
һеģɣϱһϾϵϷͬϻ˹ϵȥ飬ڣÿս͹ҹʷѣӦ֮ˣҰڷ¥Σ
Σޱľܾ»Ī˼ˣҲϵµҥԡ
ҭһ£ϵĺװȥˣǱ㻻ӣ־ݣֻҪԸﱾǱ뾡취Ϊ㲻ûȥ̷Ҳָܻ
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˵أ
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ĿãζȰ㻹ĺã˱¥Ҳ
һ£ĿĿвң
Ȼǣֻ᲻£ʲô𴽽ǣ۵ױһƬ
ƽлѣȻˣд飬ϸ¶Եµ⣬պʲôʱҲ½֪µס

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ɱǲһ˿ʲôëǰŶȥҪˣҪš
ˣɵһʹ˳Ĭ
ϵһֱȼţ᲻Ϲ䣬յʱѾ̡ĳʱ򣬱Щˣ᷿ŴգԵøӳơ
֪˶ãŵñ롣
΢۵ȼһ˿ϣ
úú롣üͷĿһֱۣˣȿ쵽ʱԼţûãɵһգ÷ƽһֻϱ˯˲õ㡣
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׳иë˱˯Ůһ㣬ͼ뽫Ϊ檣Ҳ˰ƽģԼ¸׳Ǵβ࣬Ѱ
ֻԼ±֪΢˸˵Լĳӣ޵ĺŮӡ
˹ȻûԣƬ̺ʣŮӵģ
ֳ︡ȷʵģҵ°ܻ֮ΣСо
ǶȻóѣլ밲ˡ
Ի뷨ӡæ
Ƭֻ̣ǲŮӣҪĨڣʱһ˵塭˰ɡ
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˼ĿһµĴžʹ˴򿪡ǰôû뵽أͷȶ죬Ūʮµģһˮ˳µĽϳȥ
ʱ˵Լ𣬿Ҳ˻ţϾڰУô˸ߡ
ͨһ㣬ʱˬлΪܡ
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˵ˡ
˵ıٸһλᣬ㵱治ϣ
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ΣһƺԸһ㿪ڣȻִˣǾͳȫһΰɡ
Լִ˵ģպͱ顣
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֪ԼЭķӣɻǾĨЦʮְۣҲίԼ׼Ц
һ£˳ӵķ£Цˡ
磬ָʹ˹Ժն
Ը⡣˵꣬㵽վİĦ羱
һʹ˭ֳ֪ÿһγʮֵˣͦġ
ȿɻУʡ
ܵ΢۾ֻèȴˣ¥û㷹𣿶
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Ŀһۣϰŵƻһ㶪ģȥ𴦳ԣˡ
˵꣬Ϳһ˫۾ƻԭͺĶӺˡ
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лҪ˵ֻҪҹ׷
Щ뿴ڶˣ¥һ˯뿴Ȿڻܽգ⼸°ɣžͰѴϲڶˣлֱ֧к~
ҪǰշԤٷһ飬ֻҪҷĹ࣬ǿ϶ӷղ˺ٺ٣賿ܵϣҲ1ϣ֮ͻָ
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дġʦУǰ䱯ңһֱʦٵſָΪ֮
ԴɱķʦƤĥʮղŽ
˴ʦ󣬿Ѿ͸ĻĬ
ڻһŹͻȻѣһѶΪ趨
Ϊ˱ⱻĥսսˢŹĺøУøԽˢԽ࣬Сˢ֮λ
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кΪ¶µȥݱ¶ʱһ޿ĵ
磺һкҵɵһƭҪǧĥ
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磺ôˣӲԣҽͻµҩ

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 21 

ڷ¥һʱ, Э֮󣬼Ҫȥˣǰ, һ䣺Ȼ·˾ѵϷ룬պҲҪ¥˾õµõϧ
һĪδ, ̸εõϧ
޶Σ˵δ, ŵġ
һ˲, 漴͹ҹʷѣЩν֪㱾û, Ҳһֱڻ㡣
²ǰü
õǲУǷ»С, ÿϲıǸűܲڸ, ǻֵġ
ֻҪ򴽡
ʲôСֲֻû, бһۣ, ֱ̽ݸ, ԼȺŻˣǵÿ, ǻһεģҰĵţʱ죬ȥ
һΣѾǰ˵ҲҪˣһ͵¡
ֻǰʻȥվڷ¥ǰĿֱͣʧڳ֮⣬ɫתȥ
˵˲󣬹ȻͲôˣ˵ǰһΣɴȥ룬ֱӲˣǹԶȷʵҪæ
֪ڷ¥˽ˣɽةЩδɣĴռ֤ݣ֤һԩģ佫Ϊһ²ҪӲɣĺõܼܵſ˵ʮֲù
ŲùˣΨһܰȴ²ؼ߸߹ˣȻҲùˡ
£빬ǰ
֮壬̾һӡ
ˡ֮
һ֣ߣ˰ɣҪġ˵Żˡ
֮ɨ˷һۣƸϽ˹ȥ벽ԹϽôˣ˳õ°һټεģ𣿡
ôܲۡһ
üҲۣȻۣΪλҪ
ﲻˬ£Լͷö㲻׼ţ£ɣڼȤˡŻЩķ˵仰Ĺ
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бִ󲻾Ļ
˸㲻׼˵ˣʡõġƽգգ۾ȼѵԵĲסһֺõİ
ЦõĿһۣҲʲôѵˣһ㣬һںü̫ˣ絹ϲ
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룺Ӧʮ֮󣬿·ϵʮ졣ôˣ
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ˣͿˣһһǣˣҪϸӲС
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̫ܵˣûǰޣҲóŪ
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һ˼һϸĽõȦȴ֮󽻸šſΣʮרעҲóȻͬ˵ֻܰеķ꣬ͷԼ¡
ܶ鷿˴գֱʱͣ¡
ȫ˶ˣǰϣֹΪŸӣȥ
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Ҫȷǣ̲ãôȫλСѰݲһֱдģллˣ
ҿĵطΪʲôǲôܸƽദ͡ǳȷĵһ㣬Ĳȫǻʵɵģ˶ǻʵɱģгǻʵۣԾҲҪʵһɵ۵㣬ΪѾʲôûˣ֪ҲѡңһʵɻӰ죬ֻһ
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ȻȨıˣ߳ⷽǶ̰壬ҲŬĽͬС˵Ϊʲô췴ñķʽǴ֡͡бȨ´󼪵ģʵȻ׶ʲôʩࡢľٶʵҲ̾裬бȨʵۻĳͽأˣһӮοҲмսķʽӮֻͼ֮
һҪģΪʲôֱ˵Լģ˵Լϲǵ֪ʲô𣿣κ˶Ȼԣھ˵ʲôã˵ϲֻ𣡻ĥ˵ˣôģﱻˣ
ϣշѲշѲշѣллҿ߶꣬¸ҷٸɣǰһôôǣСʵڲϲⱾĻǵ±ѽٺٺܻкϿζģϣĴҶǿĵģ

 22 

ǰҲ޹, ʱ˾ƣӻģ۾ʱ춼, ԻʲôȴҪޣ͡
˸׼һ᷿, ҪԼ˯°Ϳ
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סѸٺ͸Ҫ
ţ뿴ʵں棬ʲôӡֵ˶ŭ۰Ͱ͵Ŀҿ𣿡

лҪ˵棬뿴


 23 

оԴӦ֮, ˶Щִ٣ü˵صúܴæԵЩĲɡ
ӡ¶, 㾽𣿼ɻĿҪʱǱµıѾ, ˵Ҳȥ᷿ʱֻʣ
ȥϿʡ
ΪʲôҪȥϿ, Ҫ˵, ֱɨһۣϵĽ첲ļϡ
СĵĽŵ, ⲻȥڴĿ⣬ָȥԼ

, ϵĺѾӵ˲ӭżĿ, ַ, һ¾ѵˡ
ȴסæͣ, γɵ, ʲô
Ҫܵ˲ܿñķӿ˵ŻЩˡ
Ŀ㷴ӦˣɵյҪӡ, ˭Ҫ㡢Ƕˣ
һ㶡
ѿӴãѵĻɱ㣡ŭıֻһӰ
ĺ󱳿ãګګڣΪġӡ£

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᷿ﳹ׾żֻзᦺٰ죬ĶǰһǴϡ
һˣ۾һӱʲôü۾Ϳ˯ࡣ
ôڴϣ˵˭׼˯ģȥ
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ĿһۣګګӦһīһЩԱãڳһӡ
лԱ߿ʼд˹һӣҲʮֺг
ϵĵζ˵ӰüԽԽ̣ƤҲԽԽܿ㵽С׵ĵز֣ҲǺܿſϣԭɾӡīӡ
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лҪ˵.˾.Ҳռˣֻȡ


 24 

Լʲôʱ˯ŵĶ֪, ֻ֪۾ʱ춼ˣڴϣȴǰ
˲, æСܵ࣬һñһʣô˯ˣΪûѱ
ƣ, û㣬˵, ѹס, ƻͷţ˵ǻټ»ʥ, ٳҲ١
ʱͷۣæ, ǰûտҲ, ԼдСΪдᦲ빬, ǻģǾЩĩˡƬ, ̾Ǻ, Ƚһˡ
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¾ڰͽ㣿ʡ
üȻأɵӣﰵαʾ⣬ܿóģҲΪɵӣŻ᲻ǰһֱЫˣͻȻת̬ȡ
ʲôıʲôë
һֱʲôЩܿĿ⡣
Ŀ̾һԸֻʲôë
ţʱһ£̧ͷ̯ƽնںδ̯
ƽնǿ飬ÿîʱ̯ʱգǸļᣬڼᴦһһҹֺ̯Ǻǵ
ף֪ˡ
̯ߺʣϲҳʳ
ţòڵ
һȴƣҼǵõ²ôϲ𡣡
ǲôϲɼܲסиϲģӣҲûˡ
˵ˣԹԵĳţƤԽԽͲҪ˯ʱͻȻվҲžѡ
һʱ¾͸ýˣȻط¥ɡɫ
˶٣üվһ·ߣȵϺʣ
²֪
Ĭһ˲֪
̣̲סӲڣѾȣײʥˣպԣĪǰˡ
˵һ£ֲ䣺ҲС
һ֪˵磬ɵһòУҲͬƽϣɴ۾¡
˰ûȵĻӦҪʱ㳯Լ˹ֱӽȫϡ˵ȫʵҲúܣôˣȴƫƫĶģ˲֪ⶼʲôطˡ
Ƣһӱûˣ̾һֱ۴˰뱧ڻ
ҹɫ֮ϳˣȼŵĵҲ˾ߣֻһƬտĴأԼһ
ǱǿнѵģʱһȫĻˣ̬
£ٲˡΪΡ
ֻҪɢһ㣬۾ͱظϴ֮ȥ
ǡ
ͣ˼ʱ㶯ܿ͵˳ǰҲˣһͣߣʱס
к£ͷʡ
ĬĬ΢Ŀڣ˵ˣջϻ׼Ϊ𣿡
šӦһ
ǽܷȴ£
˶٣ӭĿ⻺ǽ磬ֱȥˡ
һֱšĻ
ι𴽽ǣаɣǾ͵ţܶȥġ
ĺӣĩ¶һЦ
лҪ˵һȷ50~

 25 

ʽ߳Ȥ, ûô˯ۣ֬ҲۿɼЩ, ʱŶҪ˯ˡ
ЩΪԺҵݲ٣Ҳ˼, ۾ϢЩ, ɵЩ꣺졣
ֻһ˲۾, ѵ÷·δ˯Űٹٵӯӯһݣϡ
ר, ҪѲӡŵ
ü˳Ŀǣϡ
һ, ǲ˯ˣֻûʲôθ, ֻǿ߸һźò, ȥϢһˣȴŽ˹ȥ
μӻϡݡ
ûв, ֻǵ˵һ䣺ƽ
һ, ·û䵭ɻʣʱгʲô
㳭дľᦣѾˣΪ޲, ˵࣬ȴоü˼޿мּңҲǳˣպǾ۱ͣ£ǿԼ
೭д˵ˣûضԳˣѵձֹڹ˳ʲô⣿ҲǹģʱôҲһŵļ飬ҲֻΪ̰ɡ
ס۵һƬ⣬Ȼֱӹȥǳ©Ͻ
Ŷһ£üͷû˵ˣʲô
ϣȷʵǳĴΪΧĹˣֹı졣
ɨһΧǶȥ
ǡ
Ųżڿ˵ˡ
ϣЩУнһ붼ǳճġ
һ֮ǰʲôȥˣ
֮ǰҲˣֻ©ᦷ޸ǵǰճֻ˽ȥ桭˵򴽣ͷ͵øЩΪ֮ŪЩǲãԳձһֱǿû¡
˼ĴΪβޣ
ȻûţɾеҥҲģǽͷöôңЦһ˵ˣܹ½⣬ǱѾ֪ͨҪ׾ᦣͻȻˣҪ޶˴⣬֪**ȴ֪ѱᴫ֣Գֻܽ¡
˵һ£ᶨĿţϷģֻ֪޵ˡ
ͬһ£˵ʱͬɵĽҲͬǾᦱһ£ûֲڼǰ˵ˣǹҾĲɴ˿˵ĹΪأŲܷҪú
ȻҲɵȻóΪάԼôĵ˵ǼٵġĬƬֽ̺𣺡ʽ㣬Щ۵ľںδ
ڳУҲδã˻ȥȡжЩ֣Σ̹̽Ľ
ٲ̾һʽһΪޣ޸м
׽ܣ˵Щʲôлͳӣȥ¥콫ҵװܹˡЦӯӯȤ·δŵѷϡ
Цһȥ¥Ϊ޴£ҲΪˣ㲻ý˴ߣٲƷˣ
˵ǣӡһΪѡ
ż˸Լ׽ࣺ޸˰ɣ㲻ɸˣ򴫳ȥʲôӡ
ǾͶлϡЦŵл
ȥһˣԼˣ޶һӣνˡãҲ˵㣬һֱû˯ֻǵȻصкһڴϱ˯ûڵء
һΣֻصǰΪһԹ߿ԼһԼǧĳ׷ܣαƭʧȥһˣǰ
·¾һһʹֺͿԼʱ˫۱㱻ˮģˣԼ񿴵Լ˹ȥ־ò̫񡣵ǰһʱһȴˡ
££
ߴüβ۾źԼӵѾߵһʱ䲻֪ϦϦ
ôˣ𣿡Ѿߵǵʡ
ðʶŻع飬Ĳɵķһ䣺Ӧˡ
ū澽̫ҽ¿ҩɣź·¡Ѿ
һ£Ѿʱɵüͷʲôʱˣ
ص£ʱˡ
ڵȣԸ汾£Ҫȥһˡ
ǡ
Ѿֽ߽İϴãֱȥճ޷Ʊϲܹˣ£ˣ
üʲôʱģ
ջȥˣ¸ЦȻոԣδЩġ
ȥͻȻԼҪ£ǰߵĽŲ˲ͣ
£Ҫȥʡ
ȼ硣
ʱ֮Уԡһʪģ˾ȴǲ
һˣ밲ֱʵ
üϣʮϮְµķԸûеһʱǰȥԮȻͿһ˳ȥ˾ˡ
ֻհһ˲ָģʹԼ侲
ְһ²ְϮ򸾵ˣٲ޵ڶݣϮżȻ»֪ջΣգһ·ˡ
ĺ촽΢δεģŹʵȥˣ㲻Ҫ˵ǾñǸˡ
һ˲Ȼû뵽ԭȻЩƣԼŲɣ˿ɴµʵԣֻǡ
żȻεЩΪ֪򸾻Σգܼʱأְգȷƽճ˼ˣЩǵղԮġ
ǰΪʲôأ۵ױһƬҲĮȻӦ˸һε˰ɡ
лҪ˵뵽ɣͻȻˣ쿪ʼŵŵ˫ɣʵҲû2333350ҶѼӣܳһˣҪ࣬һԺԣҾͺܸмˣ
ƼĹԳġһ̫ӵĺӡڷߣÿǧɿ=3=ڿ񷢺Ŷ
İһ⣬̫ӵʱ檡
̫һλ̫ӣҰпڽԱϰն֪ʿΪ
ҲôΪġ
ֱĳһ죬̫ӵܡ
Ӵ̫֮ǰ˺ߣһͷβڡ
òװԼޣصУ˸Ķ飬ΨжʧŮӵİۺӡ
Ǵǰ˻ִȢ
Ϊжʰ飬̫ӱһˡ
˵õǮأ
̫ӣӶˣҪ̡


 26 

֮, һݳĿϵڻ
£Сĵſ̽ͷڲ𣿡
ûС
ƶһ£ΪһǶ
˼һ顣üǳ
ƺ棺ʲô飿
һǰôҲ벻ͨ¡ش, ۵һ֡
û, ô˵Ҳû׷, ǻ˸⣺ǵ½ȥ¥𣿡
룬, Ҫú롣
¥, ƽ
һ¥˰춼ûȵ, ֻȻ¥
, »ûҪôСʵ
üչ, ǰȡ
ۿžҪˣһΪѣȥ
أġƶ
ֻӦһ, ȥһ¥š
ҹɫԽԽˣ޵ķɢȥ޵ҲԻ, һ¥ֻʣ·¥ԼĻ, æǰæɨվ¥Уɴվſ, Ȼ, Ҳû

һ, »ص¥ͷ᷿
ӡ
ҹֻ˯һʱæ, Ӧ˯ͷˡĻһΪҺɡ
һ£Ц˵ǣǧܿˣһظ˯ˣǻδѡ
ţٵȣ˵һ£ǰŸһţǵͻȻã㾡š
ǰҹûҹôܻ룬һӣҲǲ˵ģӦһ뿪ˡ
᷿֮־ǰӳյ۵ůһƬ
ֱҹ˯һˣ𴲺ĵһ£ǽѯʣ¿ˣ
ӣϳʱЩΡΪ¥Ļǰϰ壬һ˯ս˶ˣò׿Ϣˣû뵽ֱ
С¡
һ£΢΢죺ţ֪ˡ
ûԵ£¾͸ˡ˵žˡ
쵽ſڵʱͻȻڣгЩ࣬³Ҫá
ǡ
𱰴ķԸг˷һšȻˣȴһֱû˯Ѻ磬ǰ׼õȻ
õķˣ¥ͷ᷿ĽŲͻȻˡ
ӡ
䵭Ŀ̫ۣ³ȥЪˡ
˵ǡ̾Ϣһ
ĬãŴٹһʱȥ¹
𱣺ǡ
һʱתۼţٴγڳǰ˳æڵӭȥ
ѾΣŵūŻʶȥˣȥ˼޷¸֪ĩһ䣺Ҫȥ𣿡
ȥ
ƶһ£۵һ˿ǣ´ûг޷ˣҲƵýȥɢɢİɡ
ȥȥɡһ˵̬
ֹ֣Ҳֻȥؾˡ
ֻ˵˲ȥû˵ɣɰͰ͵ʡ
ƾӸµĿһۣȥȥȥ㲻ȥҪʲôɣ
Сү˵ǡڨڨӦһòһ£ȴѾظˣֻûط¥
˵۵ûһ˿
ӲͷƤǳʲô²Ųġ
ãȥɡ
ǡɴ⣬ϽˣߵʱƳһ侲ơȴܽ˾ŷı飬λСڱֱŤϽӲǡ
Ȼϣעգһգµûպ󶼲ļƣ⼸¥ͷ᷿ѹԽԽͣɨС˶ҿˡ
ԼÿնˮÿȥޱľսһСľܵǨŭ
յϣȻû𱰦̾ĵȵȥ¥᷿ǰ󻽵ӡ
᷿ûж
һ£ּӴ£ӣ
᷿Ȼûж
Ѿ˯ˣð뷨͸ˣʯӣôܲػ˯Ϊʲôûѵһʱ벻Ծˣ
һһžͰ߿ˣӣ
Ȼ᷿տҲ᷿˲֪ȥδˡ

һƬžУͻȻһǳ⣬ű˴򶷵
£¿д̿ͣѾ߽Ĵߴ١
ǿлѣüͷҪǳ⣬˵д̿ͣһ˲󲻽⣺Ĵ̿벻ͨȻд̡
˵һ£Ժиĳ˵
ūҲ֪ȫūȥŰɣ̿ץٳѾ߲
üѾߵķȥһű㿴ʮſڡֱͥԺпȥ⧲ˡ
ֱͣһųصĴ󵶳ȥֻվŲĿڳĿż
ס֣ѿڶ
ĵ͵ͣھһλãͣƬ̺֣Į˵һ䣺ˡ
һԲֻĿż
ʮֲϲͻȻԼղŹ֪͵ûµֱӰ˿һ˰ˡ
֪ʲôֻǳĬĿ۾ֺͫ޲Ķպ̶澲ˮȴȥֻ·һ
ЦˣЦԼĹʮһõĵӣôܻǰվķǸȨ㳯Ұˡ
ǰһֱûͨ£ͻȻͨˡ
û´ĻʱҴȥ򼴱ڳرסĸҲŸĸţظһΣա
һȴǡûص͹ʱɶûеļȻҪ뷨õĵһǻ⡣
ֻϧͻȻˣûǰһžյŮƱˣҲΪʲôͻȻʼʾʾԼҲģ޷ıģʱڼǰ顣
ҲǣҪĲֹЩ
ֻΪǵһϵʱֱӴӦǣƫƫҪ̷ͼʲô
䣬еָסġ
ǰ֮ڶʱڵõŵΣһΪΪ볤ᵹһִҪΪǰĹ켣ߣ򵥵ķʽһ֮µλá
ǰһֱߴ飬ҲΪǰһ㣬𣿼ЦĶˣֻЦⲻ۵ס
Цʲôüͷ΢
촽ƤȻЦ㣬żδסұˣ
˷·ں
ҲĵɨΧһۣˣȥɡ
¡粻ͬü
ȥ
ǣְԺУ޵·ԸһֻӬɳȥ羯Ŀһۣ뿪ˣѾҲɫ£ͥԺֻʣ¼ˡ
ݰɣ˵תȥʶûϣһ˲ָֻĿǲȥǡ
Ĭã̧Ÿ˹ȥ
ѾбϣٲһкֻµӰ͹£ûдӣЬǰ۵һ˫Сţһɱ֮ˡ
ȴֻͣǶĺӣΪʳԣ
㡣
һ£ǰȥ۲תһָסϳ촽ĲʱԲӽסˡ
۵һ˿촽ҧסĶ


 27 

ϴʪůĸоʱ, һ㶣͵سһֻ, Щק
ס, վȺɿ֣۵ŭ⣺ʲô
ƺʮɻ󣺡ʲôᱡһ
ѵᱡңʡ֪, ȴȻ£˿뷨, ֱ, Լиʲô
, ڸŨĳ˵, һ¾ͺҷһװһĵŪ, 浱ɵ˲ɣ
ĬǿаеĲ죬Լ侲մδ£ȴͻȻ, ѵøһͣ
Ҫʲô̧ͣۿ
ɫ䣬һһ˵ü֮ȥңΪλʳ, ⼸Ϊβټ, ΪͻȻͻȻ£
˵Щİ, صʢŭ֮, һֱǷʪĸо, ֱҪһ֮ȥ޷Ƶĳԡ
ĺ, ίơ߾ݵãȥϷϧˡЦһϣȻ࣬ȴȻӸ£Ϊ˸Ρ
һ٣ü
βô죬ɫĹ۲еԱãģ¥óԺúȵź㣬ȴһҪɱ˱е̫ˣԱŲ㣬Ҳȷǹġ
ԭֻüͷ˵ıɶĿһЩһķӦ˲ȷ֪ģѹǰ̬ȴ䣬Ҳûоȡ
˿Ӧû֪֪£ȻˣҲûֻһͻϷ룬׷½ġ
ųĬƺЩΣ⼸ձȥ㣬ȴĺãӣΪдᦣȥᣬͱеİ̫ͬʵ޷ǵͬһˡ
Ǳ㲻Ҫͬһˣڿڣ˿£һãϲķʽ㲻ϲģҾ
ɢİԼָβǳĸƤȷʵܺã˲̫һ˭Ҳ֪гһգ᲻Ͼͬһˡ
ģͿҵ֫ҵͷұɳ׵ķˣڳɡᶨƺֻҪͷԼҲǿԵġ
̧ͷͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣺ҲײУǱãȱ첲ȵģδ̫ˡ
Ըƾ´á
̾ˣе㣬ЩҲñֽţٸʱ䣬бúպͬദɫˣȻȥɡ
ȴ򴽣վԭû
һ£ֵĿôߣ
ºú֮󣬻᲻ټע۾˳
ʧЦǲᣬǰӦ㣬Ҫҳġ
ãط¥ŵ£΢ͨմһظ
㵹ǼСǳһЦȻ
ԽͳſڣʧͥԺںһֱŵЦͻȻûˣޱתط󣬽Źسžһ졣
Ȼֵ磬ȵҲ㼰ʱ⻹ֱŪĸоŵĻʹųߣֱӱ
ڴշתһҹ첻ɱȥܸһϽ棬һ䣺ʦɱ𣿡
ʲô񾭣¶ģϽһôˣ
ôˣɱ𣿡ǣһλӵڶΣֱ޿⡣
Ȼܣǳĳһ붼ˣȺḯȻҪһֱ׷飬ʱ鵽ͷϣŲЩĳܸƲһӰϽԥķ
֪ģϽ˵й˿ķӡ
ôˣͺɱģϽ档
һôģǵˣȻɱʦܲܰӣȲø˺ܶĵ
кѣʲô͸ʲôɱ˲ףӦ˻ôϽбһۡ
ʲôԼų⣬۾һʦһѪ
ƨȻˣŰɡϽһ
ӦţŸһͬˣŻظϴ£ŷ¥ȥˡ
˵ʱţֱǰһ˲ôˣ
ôʡ
һ£üۺͻǿģֻΪҪٹղŻ
ǴģֻǸ̫ƣǰˣǰ£;ƹҪƶ
΢΢̽˾ƺͲ˹Լڼ£Ϊһһơһߺȣһͬģǰҹ˵ĻڲᣬҲʶȤĲᣬֻ˵ġ
ת۰¶ǣЩƮˣеϣ˲оӽˡһ֪ȥȾʺޢָιĲȻ˳ĺϡ
ֻĺ͵һסָɤӵ¿ˣ
ЦһȴЩɣûɣնܺһģղŰ
˵꣬㽫ֳ˳ֱ̽죬һѽʵݵļʱֻоӶ콩һʯͷˡ
ã͵Ŀ򶨵ı飺ʵǺãʵϲȴû뵽һüáװװʱ
ѾˣҴȥϢѵץס󣬱Ҫ
գһ۾Ǳ·
ұ㣿ͨ죬ȴʮ򶨡
ƺݸȽˣ׼㱧
ĿڼΪܾʱȴͻȻƽӹȥ˼ںЩεʣˣ
Ȥ㳯֣˳ı𣬵ȱŵʱͻȻһѣ⧲ѹϡ
۾׼ߡ
˶٣ӲĵһȵλãûǶð£
ңĻ
Ѿʼˣһ£һʱûӦ
㲻ңΪһҪҵ̷򣿡״޹Ŀɫĸʩѹѵб뷨
˻ԴԼѣûУֻΪ㡣
촽ģ
ġᶨƾǲʳ
вмȴ۲תץס죬һЩߺģǽź򱾹Σ
Ѿ׻ˣԶһ£ģ
ȻģԼı飬𴽽ǣô㲻⣿㷽ŷ˵á
û˵꣬Ĵ㱻ˡ



 28 

ά䵭ı, ȴ׺ݶ׾͵ײʱݻĵ˼촽
۵һ˲, عʱ, ̧ȱҪȴһס, ֱӷ֪࣬ĻΪס
ƹ, ˼ܽܵķΧ, յ, ȴݺҧһ¡
ר, ¡ݵķŹĺ촽ڳ, ƽһ侲ΪȴҰûʲô
ۣҧ֮˲Ҳӷŭſ
û˵, ΢ŵĴɳ֮˿˱, űֱĹԵءƴȥ, ͼ˸ȥȻǵȴ, ˿Ӱ첻ʲô
, ֻʾˡ
Ӳٷ, Ŀڵۡ
˲ͣ£ڳ, ƺ˼ʲô
Ļţ¿ˮڨڨɿлҪ˵
üͷ΢Ƭ֮ȥֻһοȻǱ׾ȴһᡣ
ôأҪǷſͼٴοڣȴҧס⣬ƺһֻһĸоԴ˲ϮȫĴӶˡ
Լ侲עʱ͵رǡ۵¶һ˿Ŀܿ챻Ķˡ
ͻвʣվˣúЪû˵꣬͵ؽͷת˻һ𾪵ĿϷˣҧĶ䣿
תˣЩ׵촽ǿмĲȵıסһ鼡»صĶϡ
˶ˣжİܵų⣬һֲܿƵĸо˵ˣû˵
Ļش´һֱֻӴȹ̽˽ȥֱӸһļһ˲˶ըˣͻȻҵҵķȻ潫ƿˣԼŲ֮ͷľ롣
ҵ£ԼɢѣԭֱӴõģȻԽԽңһ̧ͷû
ŭ㿴ʲôٿ۾ŲŽ֮㹻˰ٴ
£ƵȻ磬ȴǻڣźġ
ڲźˣ𷽲ԼҵӣһǺǰ׵ģյľҪ´뿪
һ߬סʹ»صϣȼŭʣΪʲô
Ϊʲô룡ŭ
ĿΪʲô
֪ͲȾƣ
˼ûȻԽԽϸ۵úҪ۶һ㡣꣺ôΪʲôϽſˣƽϣ˱ΪҶ㣿
۵׵Ǳһ͵ɿ֣˳ˣ´ݺݵ˵һ䣺˾ƱһպҲˣ
˵꿴ûʲôֻоһü߰°ͱ㳯ȥȻֻ˼ͻȻգǱӱ
һ䵽˴ϣڴߵŭ壺ʲô
ź¡⿪һ¡

һŬԼ侲ղű˵Ļû
ˡ䡣
ѹŻ𣺡ǻ
һ£ޱĶҪ
Ųűɱ㣬Ļɱ㡣ǿиɵвȥЩ
ĬãŵĮڣڵõ¡

ۿϵԽԽ٣ʱֿʼĻţ۾סſֻʣһʱͻȻܣȻһֱ̣Ӱ˻ѹ
ΣգҪˣȴס˺촽ݺҧ֣ȴ֪ʹһһֻҰһ˺ѣҧļϡ
ĺһƺߣƺʶˣͻȻɿˣСһҧĵطȥֵе̲סЦһʶԣϽסˣſ
仰ȥ˵Ƕ˵ˡ
ҲûиһֻĥţСʲôطʱæҧס촽ûԼٷ졣
ģòòϲ£ȲϷſҲ£˺һ󣬼ȱסˣֺֽĳҪ㣡
ƺһֱڵ仰˲䰵Ŀ⣬ͻȻֲĸо
¥ʱ¥±յЦ¥ɫŨ¹һ㱡⡣
¥ͷ᷿֪ǲǵ̫ԵʣԽԽȣҲűᱡǽǵһϣ֩Լʱʺ󣬽һһڵĳ븹С
ۡ
ʹϮܵĹӣδѵʶ˶
һҪɱ㡣˵
ĻӦǰοĶͷֻǸղʲôǼʲô˿ûͣµ˼
ĸҪȾƵģ
Ϊ˲Լ̫ܣֻЩ
˶٣ȻһЩƣı۾֪˶ãĿµĬĴ
ƶҵһҹ
ܣ첻ˣ۾󿴵Ա˯ҧгݵˣȻ΢һ¶ۣ˵ˡ
һŬԼ侲˯ʼ̵ĴѣҴúߣ߹Լӣһµؾ˫ȷЩ򵽵ϡ
һײײȥһ·صϣߡ
ǡ
˳̯ϼûʲôˣһ·ͨĻص˹ڡ
һˮֱ΢΢̵ˮŸо̹һЩȻһͷͿԼһӰĶԭ泩˲ûˡ
Լﵽúϴһ飬ȷûζŻһʵѣȥѰ֮ˡ
Ȼ֮ѾԺп飬˱ӭȥҹȥ¥ˣôôͻˡ
ǰֹڨЦ
֮һ£ʲô£
ʵҲûʲô£ҼǵǰŪ˱ӵҩԱʱ֮衭ĸЦⲻˡ
֮һ£ϵЦ⽩ˣ
š۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
¥У۾ʱ㲻ˣҹļ򴽣ֻǲúˡ
̾һע⵽ϴ۵һĨ졣


 29 

֮ЦЦ, ž޴ѹһȵøɸɾ껹Щĵʣһ빻ôҪҪһ룿
ôϲиã֮΢Цѯʡ
ڨڨһЦͱڿ, ôܻĺӡ
ڵ´Σ֮ʯǰ, ϴ£׼븮̷, ǰڸ⣿
ĬƬ̣, һϵûС
֮һ, ƽպ΢΢𣺡ʲô
Ժ˵, ̫, ȥ˯˵Ҵˣ߳ԶŷŲ, 뵽ļƻɵ̾
֪Ҫʲô³ҪַɣΪ˸ʱİ, һ̣ǲҪ˵ˡ
Ĵ˸ǷƤصĻص޷, ڴϲһ˯, ֪һߵķ¥УĿĶŴ, һǴա
˯ûڵ, ζû, һֱʱֲ۾δӱ㿪ʼˡ
Ѿ߼ë, ϸĻ£˯һգӦǶˣŰɡ
š֣ѵ۾˻󿪿ڣڡֻ˵֣˲졣
£ɤôƣѾߵǵĴսһ٣۾Ҳˣи̫ҽɡ
ûʲô£ôС֡Ժ︡ҹƣֽֿеԵʣֻǰûԳ˯һʲôë¶ͷˡ
Ѿüͷ΢Ĳ̫ҽôǸеĴҲǺõġ
أЪվͺˡ˵űҪһŻƽ˾ӣͻȻһ飬˶סˡ
£Ѿ߼ٳûɵúĻһ
ð컺һ̵ͣƬ̺˽͵޷ȥš
ǣūҲү˵һصȵˡѾ˵꣬ȥ˳Ըǽȥ޷ȥ˷ŵ¸֪֮ˡ
֪ˡ֮
Ѿߺ󣬷һˤӣ½մӷ¥㲻ţǲˣ
ޱֱߵĵ˵ȥɱ
£Է֮
磬㲻±𣿡
ˣʲô𣿡֮ɨһۡ
㶣Ϊʲôˣ
ҲҿĿ
֮ĬƬ̣ޱóԸȻˡ
óԸȻˡļѵŲǰôôݲݳھͻشЪˣΪӲҲûԱ
Ѿ߼⸱ģҲҶֻСĵһ䣺£ЩҪ𣿡
򴽣Ҫ˵ԺͻȻһɧͥԺƶ֣ÿδֶΪĳˡͷһŤͷѾߣȥǲˡ
Ѿæܳȥܻܿˣ²µüǣӡ
أ𣿡ʡ
ѾͷŹײӡ
۾ҧгݵȥ˵ݺݵ
ѾһãȻ
ʲôȥߴ١
ŶŶѾ㷴Ӧˣūȥ
޷⣬ͥԺΧޱǰ
ôĵӣδð
ɫĿ޷ķ򣺡ÿҪ¡
²һһ䡣
һ£һۣ㲻ǸҲҴ£
ôֻ֪Ц
ֻڶײһ䣬һ˼Ӣò˫ֽճȭ
Ƭ֮ͻȻɿ֣䲻ȵ˵˾䣺ڻֻÿ
ѹˣֱȴһֱûж
۵һ˿Ҫƹ޷ߣһͲѾ߱㼱Ҵ˳ھ˻岽Զĵطͣͬʱ˹ȥ
ѾһҪӡ
΢عһֱ΢üͷͻȻչȭͷϡҲѿˣһʺѪȴûлֵ˼ֻվᡣ
ѾһԿľսһܻ޷
ˣȤʣô𣿡
ˣּأֲ֣ҪˡѾǰͥԺе£Щ¡
һ£Ϊβ֣
ѾʮãȻūҲ֪
ס֣нˣܱĳ׷ɱ
ѾӦһϽȥһӺȵ޷
ԭһӢ˿̸һ㣬ɵһô֣뱻ˣ
õ㲻ܻ֡Ѿܿˣһ˫۾ȴɺרעĿʱⱲֻῴĴ
һ£üͷ΢΢𣺡Ϊñ
ǡش
Ĭһ˲ŵĻȻС˲٣һûС
ǵҪβĿ
Цһ֪䣬ӱ㷢һࡣ
˶٣ˣ
šӦһ
Ťͷӣͷķ˶ȴûгԶ٣˼Ƭ̺ǰЩϲĲУŵ¡
˭׼µģãȴҲֻѵһ䣬û˱Ķ
΢δ㴫һʹһ£Ҩ˷͵ߣҪźţŷЩ
һȴҲûоܾ͵ߵĳԵġʵڶֲ뱩¶Ӳ£ԷûѾźںò׳Ϸˣһ֮пյιüʱûŶ١
һιһԣ޷ʱһԵѾ߿զ࣬ʲôԩңǰһ̽ñףһ̱Թ̣Ӹ֣Ҳ֣ƽ͵ź¡
Ѿʵ벻ͨɴҲˣʶ˳޷ͷŽŸˡ
޷ֻʣͼˣС뷹ͣ£ӱ֮ʣĻɢЩӻܣֱˡ
ˣ㽫ŵһԣȡһ״ƿǷ¥еҩܻʹźܣŵ»ܣһƿ
˵˶٣⽥ˣҩͣҪƿ֮ǲ⣬źΣ
̫ˣĺһۣҩ£Ѿź򡣡
ǡ˳ӵĽҩˡ
ϵƬ̣Ŀڣ£ȻȥɣۣҪЪš
һ¡۾
ü£
ճҿһĨѪգĶٴη죬˫ֽȭһʵ£ô¡
һ£ЦЦʣôڴʲô
ҡ
һûʲôҵģϧʧˣ̷ˣô죬ǲǱĿˮΪҹΪͻȻ׼źˣ
Ų˵ԼҹúһֱΪһƽ׵⡣
𰸣Ҳûʲôʧĸоͬ˹һ޵Ĵ㶼ˣôʧĳβԼֻ峿Ĩʱȷʵһڴ
ðˡ
ӣ뵽ǰ۸ڶ׵ĸŹŮϣȴҪź˵ŮˣﶼҪˣƫƫʱͬ˺Ҫװ̬
΢һҲɢˣ£°ɡ
ǣӦһüۺͻºúţǵҩӡ
۾һ˵ģ
ĿһۣߣźϷţת뿪ʱͥԺеȺ֮üۼ䲻ɢһɶֻʣ޾䡣
Įߣȫ֮˿ֻھʱ֮ͻȻڣ½˯һ졣
͵ͣ¡
˵ҹˣ֮΢Цⲻ۵ףƺ˵ΪΪūūŵĸӿģȴۣյˣǵ²֤
ź򡣡˵ߡ
֮Цһ΢΢̧Щȥ¥ѧѧһֱǺܿζˡ
ɫ࣬ͷҲصʧҹĻС


 30 

һڸЪ, ŰѾãжʵһӣȲźо, Ҳ¥ȥ, ÿؾȥϳ˳ͻظ, ٲȻһϴĸ˵ļơ
һ糯ϣһ뿪, ͷҲص, ĳֹĿ, ؾᡣ
׳ߵÿ, ׷ȥôżʲô
ʲôظš˵˸Ƿ
׳׷ʣأ
ǱšЦĿһۡ
׳һ⼸պǰְ, ʲôѰ£
룬ˣȷʵһ¡
ʲô£µ˵޷ֻҪְܰæȻƴǡ׳æ
˼Ƭ̣ųʲô
׳ɵۡ
һܳԵ޷Ǿǰ, ʵڳˣÿǿЩҪоЩµĶ
׳
һ, Ҫ˵, żĳ˹׳ʱһ衣
¡ɳżһݡ
¶˶, һ, ɫĹ𴽽ǣ£
ͬ̸, ΢ͻȻٽһӣü, ֪Ƿпգͬ΢һͬǰȥ˵Щʱѵþȡ
ݳԿμţй˽ȴһ仰δ˵·佫֮ףղةĵӣĳǶƽϲ
ЩĳȴҪȥš
׳ɫһˣʲôУ
ˣУֻȥšɻش׳⣬۾ȴͼӣƺ񶼲
׳ҲϡԼڣЦһ볯Ϊ߰أƽպ޲ŵߣȴͻȻҪ£˵ˣУ
벵У˼̺ˡ׳״һҪٳԳ䣬ȴ˻ͷѵˣһͬǰȥɡ
£׳˹һ
Цӣյÿգȥ㸮ϺȾơ
׳ǲŵ˼ˡ
żɵһͬ뿪׳Լ˵ʱûôơ
ͬɼһͬٽ¥ż䣬ֱӵλǰЩִٵļĳº͵һ䣺λ˷뱾زֹΪ˳ʰɣ
ȷʵҪ°æ̹
Ų£
ǡǶʦ֮£οڣ΢ǰܶʦĶշʵڲΨһܴ˴ĥǰջϴʱȱǮΪ˭֪Ƿ¥ɾӣǲϷɡ
𱲻ϣǵءһȲ裬ŻǱұˣ
жԵݣǵ¿ȥˣǻӦġһλĳæ
ɨһۣӦһô
λĳû뵽ķӦ˹ѵһʱ᷿ﾲƬ֮̽ԭŵ¶мӣҲΪ³ʮѩƣ֪Ϊεһֱδȥ
𴽽ǣֻ꣬㡣
ô˵æʡ
²յ̾һȥʮЩڷ¥Ѷ٣λҲţޣҲڣûЩӣǮ
⡢⡭ȴЩӣǵ²ʹȥҲ㳼Ⱦһ⡣æ
æͷǡ
һΪѣǲǲ̫ã
ûʲôõģֻҪԸȸǡɳ
ü˼һŻʣ֪λ˶ӣ
Լʮһλĳش
һЩյĿڣǲθڿǵúܡ
ɡǳȱˡĳüͷȻʮֿա
ĬΣ̾ҲȥЩ棬ܴնٴն٣ȥͬú˵˵˵׼Ӧ
л¡ɵٴι֡
һλˣʱÿգǻȥȡٴЩ̽Σ
˵ǣ΢ͻȥȡƱԵȡ˵㼱Ҵˣ¼Ƶ˶ţƱˡ
ٽ¥ʱǰŸϽʣЩƽ£ôһͬţ
ɨһۣͳһƱƶʱ۾
ţȻΪ˸Ǯá
۾ȷǰһƱʱˣǷˣ
һţ²׼˵󷽵һڷѡ
ƻûüл´ĵԸǮӦΪɡ
һ£и磬߽£ವһһʣҪˣ
ʲô׼ա
һꡣ
ƲСӣĻ㶼ˣôܲꣿߺߡ
ָҷĲꡣǮӦþͲ˰ɡ
Ƽһ࣬һʱЩˣģ
ģҪҷ𣿡ʡ
æܾҪ±˵
Ťͷ磺𣿡
۵һ˿ɣһ˲ָֻ֮ᣬһĵ˵ͷֻҪ˵ˣְš
ʱˣ˿ûƭ˵ģȻˣȥ¥ɡ
²˵˲𣿡ƾ衣
ЦеĳһƱʣµĶ꣬ŮƱ԰ɣ
ƣԣ
ûףѾͣ˷¥£㾶ֱȥˡǷ¥Ϣʱ򣬳ͷһ˶ûУЩҲ͵˻ֻҪֱӷС
һ·ͨĵǰֱ˽ȥǰ̧ͷ΢̷վôʱˣ
ͻȻδˣӹȻ㣬Ѿ˻飬ĪǴ֮μӿƿûߵǰһƿһڵ֪ʲôӴ㿪ʼùҲ뿴
ֻһֶûУЩŮŮһͼһķƤϣֲԾ
ͼ


 31 

е, ˳Ĭ
¿ùˣһƽĺѣһ߽ͼ˻ȥЩϵϿ߾ĺۼ
Ŀһ£
ʲôý͵ģ, ϸ׵, ΢΢һ£ֻѧ, θõź¡
Ŷ, Ǽ˯֮㲻, һʱЩ, ڼ, װӳôߴߡ
ЦЦĿһ, תͷ˴ߵϣ䣺ѧˣ
Щ飬Ҳͬ¥ֹ̽Ӧ档˵˶, ֱֱĿ˹ֻδź򣬲֪ˡ
ŶԱʵһ֪˼Ƥ
, ĬƬߵǰ¥й˵, ŮǼзӻ᲻, ¿ɻã
ʶļ, ͻȻԼװС˵, ˶ٺ󵭵пɡ
ºüûˣϿɸɾˣʡ
бһۣô, źˣ
ĺᶯ˶΢΢ǵԸĻ
ðĻ»Ь࣬ɵϣɡ
Ų㡣
££һ˫۾һˣƫƫΪĸ߹뽾棬˲Ӱ֡Ŀģ
ţ𴽽ǣ۵һֲԵơ
ᶯ˶ֱߵǰŽߵļ֮ǰѧĶһɶվŲ촽΢΢Ҫ˵㸩
˵Ĵʱ˽ĸգƵİο¡
û¡۾
˵Ŀյ˳˿ıݣǳ˱ס⡣һⳡֵϤֻǽյûƣͷβѵġ
ֻǲ֪ѵԵʣΪѧϰˣҪǰõö࣬ϸûŪ˵ʱעĸܡǱֻΪļҲֺòˣ۽Ƕʼʪϸǳĺ졣
£Ϊ°ɡԽԽ
ǻعһ˲̧ͷƬ̺һðҪΪ˽һ
һ
ԼϵѱһҲֻʣʱʶ˸޽ڲٿԣһԼĲ״侲Ҫʣ²Ҽˣ
ΪβҼ䣬Ĵɵ£һӶˡ
һָֻĺ󱳣һֻ̽ȹУ̵ƺʱǱһңʱжѵΣա
ȻǿסҰ޵ıܣİϴŪõ²»ӰԴ˲źˡ
ֲ꺢ͯôӰİĸоֽİ򢣬ڶǹףȴǴ粽á
ĺˣԽԽ𣬵ƵĿڵǾͺãЩ
ǻίԼˣòö飬˵ˣһ䣺ñˡ
ǵ¿ûˡһͷƵҧĲ
̵ҧס´˫̲סļ
磬¥ʱ޵Ŀ˶Ҵ뿪ˣֻʣ¥˸Դڷﲹߣ¥ֻ¥ͷ᷿ŵ͵͵Ľ
δйĸоỊ̇ͬϴȫ飬Ʋסĳ١
һֱڵͣ£ɢϣָ̧ϸ˼£ԵʲôûУ׻ĸ첲ȶ¶ͷһ˫۾ţ˵顣
ĺᶯ˶֮ȥЪϢҽˮ
붯۾㡣
ĵȰ˵ţý˽ұ¹ȥ¾Ͳöˡ
𳳡ü
ΪΣƬֻ̺ȥˣϸŹغúŽС˹Ͱˮ
ǡ
СæȥˣһͱСһͬˮ˹Ҫ᷿ʱסˣ£ʣµԼ
⡭СеãȻܿ췴Ӧæˡ
һһͰֱӻطˣˮźú󣬼ҲѾ˯š
£ϴ˯ϴΪȾƣ˯ȥûźԡһֱţ˵ʲôҲҪչ˺
˯㣬Բͷһ
ü˳Ŀǲ⣬ϴ
ԣĬƬ̣㽫ϱһֱǵµ䣬¶һĺۼ
ǿбûʧȥǡ
źԡǼĥ˵£ȰɵʱѾľƣǰʱۡ
ԡʱˣֻһֱöڹϲ˿ϵĺЩȥϴˣһĺζ
Ϊá˵ţȥҩƿ
ϤĴƿ΢΢üã
ϴûãʡ
һһĺۼôź򣿡ԼŪɴ͸ˡ
ҩԽʹЧԼŪչá˵ţ㵹ҩϡ
²¶ˣҲûʲôģźˡ
Ȼº˯˻ʱ֣ϳԵЩˣֱꤡ
ֱӽ˷˹ϴһι򴽾ܾҩȷʵã˯һϱ㲻ˣԼš
Ըź򡣡
һ£ɹ𴽽ǣձֵδ̫Щ˵ɣҪʲô
һ£Ҫ¾ӭҽš
ȻЦһ㵹̹ʣİɣٸʱ䣬ϲ
͵š


 32 

˵Ҫ, ȴûҪ˼ֻ˾벻һն
𱿴Ｑ, ̲סڼ뿪ʱ˹ȥ, ū
ɨһۣÿɷ
ڵ, 벽һͬ¥ߣһ·Ĭǰ, Ҫʱ, ŸϽ˸, ջô
£
Цʱ, λߵѹʱԼϵĲࡣϳһϸϸĺ, ڨڨһЦūûб˼ֻˣѻۿݲ١
æ˵Ҫ뿪
æȻæ, 罫ЩؼȥҲʡõ֮໹Ҫ
˶٣ЦЦĿڽ̱£
ūҲ, ūūҲֻΪµǧ֮ǡĺˢĳһ㺹, ͻȻԼˡ
Ȼ¥ģȻҲ, Щס, Ž˵䵭Ŀ, ĺҪ˳ʱŲȥ, ļӦͲʳԡ
ūԼʵģ޹ءС
ɨһۣһԲ뿪ˡ𱿴ԶȥðźһȥӦĿˡ
ЩӴߴټ˲٣֮⣬ǰ˼һʾ޿ĳǣÿ˳һ䣬ǡΪλˡʵöˣЩͷǮķϣ糣Ӧ
һֱסˡ
£ɴһʼľִپȣڿ̲סʹĵģٲȻϰˡ
ǳ˳飺ѾҺȹһֽǮһֽӱ㹻ˡ
ϴҲ˵ⶼٸˣҲûˡ̾
ΪΣĿˣ뽫ű
΢ŵģֻǵҪץˣǰʦھʱ˲Ȩ΢ȥˣСһߣʱѰˡüͷ
һ˼ǵȫֻϧϹģֻҪͷ˳һҲܽߡ
ֻ⻰ǲܸ˵ģ𴽽ǣȰοɼ䣬Ҫȥ߿Ϊˡ
ӹֱȥ˷¥ûӿ󣬼ΪҲš
ˣӭ
бһֱۣǰһߵĦƿĦʮʣèһ۾ŵĻȥ˴롣
Ҳûʲôһ˴űΪѡ
Ե𣿡
촽˵һ֡
ҲûʲôӦֻǻ֮˵£ҪС
˵Ӧһ£ĺһۣһˣ˵ʲôײ׵ġ
Ҳ׵ģʮ꣬һԸĨѵø𣿡ʮ򶨡
һǼǶ֮ͣƺʺḺ֡
ɵûǮ

ȻûǮ㲻ǼͶ͵Ĺϵ΢ĿĶĲӣֲ븺𣬵Ҫ𣿡

ŵ²һḺ𣿡ʡ
бһۣû
ǵΪҪǮȫҵ¾Σʡ
һ£¥
ҪȥǴ󷽡
˲Ķˣ׬Ǯ׬ǮĵҪֻ¥Ȩռ鱨ˡ
Ŀð侲ɢɢ˵ɣ¥ȫߣȥʲô
ʲôʲôͷϵĽﲽҡ
ɨ۱ϵĲҡǱҪȫˡ
ãֻҪԸ븮ԥĴӦˡ
Цһİɣµ֮ǰݳ֪Ҽˡ
£µ׿ֻʣ߰ˡѡ
תȾʺޢָס⼸չԹԵģǵҲܽ˴ߵ£֪𣿡
ãӦһá
ڷ¥˴գظ֮ȥ֮ҩ󣬼ڱ㽫˸ɾ֮ҩֿ࣬ô̫ҽӸһ£
Ӳúȣȥ¥βˣ֮
ڨЦһͻȻ־òôˡ
µڴʲô⣬ΪβΪ֮ˡ
ͷۣͷ׷ҲͰˣôҲһֱʣ
Ϊ֪²ܣԽʲôұԽǵҪ£ֻܶʼ䣬ýͻȻ֪ˣֱӱ֮ЦЦĿ
¿ˮڨڨôףĸʲô¡
ҲǷ磬²طҡ֮ϵЦ⵭Щ
һϣҷĻô֤¡
ҲҪˣָ֮档
֪ϷڨڨһЦŤͷܣҴѾ߹ҩպͲͷҰˡ˵Ż˾ѾûӰˡ
֮ʧķ̾
ص޷һű˼ֽ꣬˼ŵ׺ʱŻ빬
ûȶã֮糯ʱű㽫ˡܶһͬȥ鷿ȥ֮űˣǰѾӣΪһֱû
ڷ¥һգһյԣѾķѣһ棬Խųδ̫ûӣżΪֻǵôãȴûȵж
̾üϣҲֻǡ
ʲôѴʡ
ֹ˰죬һµ񣬳Ҳ»Цˣǳ̷Ըţո֣¾ǿнظУҲֻƽίһϡ
֮һ̣ǻһ޶ֵˣ֮ô󣬼һͶˣǼеԸ
Щ˼ȷʵ񣬿ɻ˸Сˣᣬôóôꡣ
ʾ񣬵һʽլµļƬ̣һһ̷ѣͬӵң㶼ܲס
ܰ߻һ޶֣᲻áһ
ǳ˳飺㲻ֻϲôôԱҲ
ϻϲŹأɶԺҲ۰мӣĸһˮƽдʡ
ų
ǳʧԡЦеĵǸ
żʶȤҲѵ⣬Ƭ̺Ȼ㲻˺̷֣罫ҡ
ɲɣôһˣԷͷɲģոЩǮ泼šæܾ
ŲãһҪ¥ܣóһضǣ壬ʲôӣ
ΪѣĬƬ̺۾һˣ
ʲôʡ
۵ǵ⣬ȻӺ⣬ɨһΧ뵽һ⣬Ȳ˳̷֣֮ܰ˵ȫ
Ŷ˵ü۵һ˿档
ЦһζĹ𴽽ǣҪ븮У̷򼴱㷴ԣҲԹͷˡ


 33 

һ, 鷿һƬ
֪˶ãһѾΪҪѡ
ǰ, 𣿡ʡ
ţû, ˾ٻ
ûϵҲûʲô, ͵ˡװס
ţԭô֪λʽ˷˵֮, 㡭Ƕء
, ȻҪ, ͵ѡʵ, ѡôԼ⣬Ҳϵ, 춨ѡѶͿʼˡ
鸴ӣ޿ɲӦԸȥɡ
˭͵ڰ˭Ƶ£ɲԸȥ, ֺò˵ױ˼Ǻޣֵþ, ɾ̫ˡ
֪鷳, ҪԼЦӯӯӦһֻҪϿͬ, ԸҲС
, ѡ˭, 㰴ӣ޵ʱ˾ǡŰҪ, ֻͷˡ
Ҫľʲôܣü۴ЦĵлڹŲ뿪
һֱڹŴţæӭȥϵЦһ£ҲüЦôˣ
Сˣܲô鲻ֱҪķƵĹͷȴ⺢ӽͳͷԴЩѾת˼
ַĿģԸ˵ˡ
⻰˵ãƽն۸һбһۣĲ
Ҳȥ֮ͷķȥˡ
ƻ֪ΪθأƵ˱ˮϡ
ӹڣɤӺŵҲʲô£ǻҪΪҴͻѡ
ʲô
ͻ飿
һ˲߽ľ壺ҽ
䣬бһۣձ˽һˣ㻹ô㡣
Ҫˣʡ
ҲôͻȻҪ´ͻˣ
£ΪζС֣ʧЦ
Ʋˣˣ»Сôôأ
ҶʮˣѰŮӶˡĿһۡ
൱ִ֣ݳȨƵĳܸѰŮȣ
ܱܲȣѶҲƾܰû취ֱʼţ˵˵
ƿΪѵӣƺҲ˵ΪҪͻ飬һ³ɵʣƺųϵĴͻ飬֪εѡǣ
ŶҪԼֱӴͻ顣ڵ
㶣Ťͷ磬ӶԷпͬ˼
Ҳͬ⣡Ʒŭ
ͻȻһ׼ȥø˻ȥôСֵģ
ѡֹƲͬ⣬ְҲӦವķ
һ˲û˵ѡ
ͷͬʱͲšֿˡ
ЦãûѡһҲǰѲյةӣ̷ҲͰˣ
治ѡɣƻǲôš
ףĲѡ
ǵ·Ϊ˸ˣʡ
𴽽ǣµȨӵܶѵֵøˣ
˲䱻˵ˣҲǣӶװۣӦϲġ
Ƿƶң佱һ䣬ŤͷЩʮ϶ʮδ޵Ȩӵܶһ飬ȼ¼һӣҪЩҪ©˭
ǣ紹Ӧ
Ƴɿڣʮꡭǲ̫СЩ
С𴽽ǣ۵״Щ⣬ʳãˡ
Ƶ˵ͷܾﲻԡ
˻صк󣬷Ƶһʱȥ֮¸֪֮ܿѰ˼
֪ʡбһۡ
֮üΪͻȻΪ´ͻ飿
֪һͻȻˣҲ֪Ǻδ㣬ѡߣԼѡҪ󡣡
ǲ԰ţΪλҪΪ´ͻ飿֮ʡ
򶨵ıӣǾͲ֪ˣ֮ھҪѡˣȻϻΪǴͻ顣
£˵㲻ѡҪȨӵѡȥӵܵᣬ֮Ƶǰ˼ĺӣ˷ģֻ۷ɣ
ڷǣЦĿ
֮û˵Զ׼
ĬƬ̣ȷѡдʱһ࿴ţȻ绤ͷȥȫֽŵĻΣ
ŵ£δ̫ίЩ֮
𴽽ǣҪڣһ䣺ѡغµպԱ»ίհɡ
ޡ
ô˵֮Ҳǹˣʼɸѡʵѡڶֵ̫Ϣй¶ȥֵܿǽ֪ͷβ˵£޲泤Ϊηŷ¥ܣȴҪͬס
ΪʲôģԸٺ¡
˵żСͳȫҵµģ˶Եģôܻ˳
ôٳٲΪҶ˵£¾ҪˣҲȰѼǡ
ͷֻۣҪˣæӹϣŤͷǿջЦˣ½˱˴øЩ
Ҫͬ˭ףޱ顣
¿ˮδѡݵϢӦѡ
Դ֮󵭵ڣţҪһλõС
ԶҪˣһ˻˭ܱӵã
ӣȱżͻȻ˵³򣬲ȼ˵˰죬Ҳֻ˵ôһ䰲οĻ
Ĭţֱͦĺ󱳷·һù¶
ҹ
˯ԺļֻЩȣһ΢ߣƿܵһʶı˽űڱš
֪˶ãڱˣо˺һҪб㱻ס졣
±£ҡڰ
һ£Ŀ֣յѹ˭׼ģ
ԼҪġ˵꣬ļһתֱſ˱ϣԼȥҧСϵϸ
ıļϣҪѵ⣬һڱ
ҧҧȥô˵Ҫˣ
꣬רġ˵꣬㲻ҧļϡ


 34 

ʱ, Ǳ޳һ̻ŵ죬һ̱˴, ˮûصĴǽ, ŪʪһƬ
Ӵֻһȥش, ʱһһ¶ͷ, ںڰɫɵĶ
ζģڡ
غ, 󲿷, ޷ﾲ
ɫ糣Ļص, ˻УǰʱסǶصĵص, ʱ򣬿ܿˡ
ô˵ҪػͼˣһҲȷʵǸ˲ţѹǰŻ, ǻԼʵۣҲϲĳӡ
סĶͷҲǵµˣ²˷
ӷ, Ǳ뱾޷ü
ָļϣ²ϲ
ǲϲбһۡ
ĺӣɵ·ϲ, ҡ
˵뻰ͽҹȥ, ȴںҹ͵͵աǺ, , ȷʵźˣƫƫʱϲ, ŪϲµģЩ㲻Ծ˵˳
ĬƬ̣źڰдЦգ׼Ц
ȻЦˣ޷ٴ˰ʵĸ첲ϣı۾Ϣ
ڰУͻȻڣ´ʱ븮
˵ˣµ֮ǰϢڵôǷܡ
΢䣬ȴ糣ֻǸϢֱ븮ô
ƽʲô
ҲֻµȲ븮Ϣ³ɻϢ
Ƥɨһۣ±۾ʲôµģɻ븮һ²ͻ
΢΢ԵҪˣ
Ȼأæôãѵֲֻɣδ䣬üͷŪˡ
ʶ֣Ŵ͸һ⣬Ȼļ˼ָӡҲˣʱЩãôˣ֪ôգ
ǻգǸˣֻǽյǸÿһ缡ϣӡǡ
ᵽһ˿ΣյϢ˲Żˣտźòķϣ㲻ͬƽˡ
ҪеҲһźôʣǧѡѡ˵ģģ
𴽽ǣ¾Ͳˣ֮ǰɹŮȥԻ飬˵ģ
һͱŮùˣ֮ϵ£ɫԽԽ
һЦ¶۽벻࣬Ǹˣ
ɾˣͬȣʡ
Ŀһۣ㵹ǻ˵
оôġ
ûĻ£ܵЦһ±۾ڷݣĶǷģʵڲ˵
Ҳ˵ˣֻǶĿҰһ͸Źԡ
ܵüʶ۾Ȼ⧲ĺˡĬһ˲ĬĬűڴߣ֮󵭵ƺС˲٣Ͻ߰ɡ
Ҫߣʡ
򴽣ҲǸ㣬ֻˣҲûʲô˲ô˵·Ҫһ㣬ల˯
Լź¡ڡ
ܾóףأѾˡ
˫ֽȭֱϱƬ̺ͻȻɿ֣ҲûǰͦˣȻ²ԸңҾˡ
˵ĬĴѣֱſȥڿ쵽űʱŮƵӳæ£㲻ˡ
۵׷·꺮Ƭ̺󵭵ǡ
Ŀʧҹ˸Ƿ㷭˯ˡ
һ֮ȻûһҲ֮˵Ŭ£˴ԼʮλѡȻһͬõͷһλ
ǰһ˵Ҫ̾ͼҴҶˣǵܿһһӦ
ô⣺ζ;ԵˣҲѹǲ⡣
ǽն׵ģְ¼ڲˣȵһʰһᡣ
üðɣ˼ûʲô
ְ֤ۼ
ҲǾʹɡ
Щ֮˵µģΪһλ֮˵˼
æӦԣҪ
£ѡʮλƷ˵ֻ˳۵ıã˵ţӻλְţûǴ佫ѡ޼Ҳл˵
ɣȱţܹôӣܾôŪСҲľܾˡ
һ£㽫Żŵһԡ
æǵѡ⼸λΣȻظЩȴʮºͣպҲº
̫ˣα¡ü
ƺһۣҪү£㻹ʲô
ȻҲҪ£ֻʶ֣Ҳδá粻ͬ
֮ȶ˵꣬һ䣺޷ϲɣ͵븮Ժǿɡ
ƺһۣҲͬˡ
ǶЩŹģɵһЦôţôϱأ
²ԣҵȵӡ֮ڵȴδж𾴡
бһۣŤͷʷƣѡ⼸˼Σ
ƻصӣλЩģԺүĶӣõġ
Ǳѡټ۶磬Ҹģûѡѡĸұĸİ
֮üǲǹڲִˣ
ôˣҲִ٣ȥдӡ˵űȥ鷿
֮ɨ˷һۣȥµѡ˭
ŶŶáæ˹ȥ
ʣõ»ѡ
´ӦҪҼĹٵݽһӦþͲдˣ֮ɨһۣ˭˵׼أ¿ûûΣ˭˭ܶõ
򴽣ͻȻҲһ㵣ǡ
Ӻܿд˳ǷƼ飬ȷûֺ󽻸ֲ֮֮һ飬ŽԵݽȫ̶ûм
Ҷ˵ˣд֣ô
֮˿εɨһۣǷЩãպ䡣
ȻѾˣܷ𣿡бһۣǰ
֮Ŀˣֻǻģܱ֤𣿡
ЦҪѡ˭϶дţ㿴
дһ£ɵæѡȴٳٲ븮Уܾﲻ̤ʵ֮ǴЦΪ̤ʵЩΪҲʡЩеûġ
һ£ϵЦ⵭ҷģѡΪΥġ
㹻ˡ֮ϣûʣµĻ˵


 35 

ͻݵ, ʱֹˣ֪ȴߣԼš
, Ȼʱ, ӦǱŵģڸгԱǲǲ̫ðһߵ, һָʢ
˿˳˳󻺻ʱ, ȳԱĺáǵͻһ, ûŵġ
Ҳ, 鲻ĸвˣͻȻټ, ΪŴͻ£Ҳ֪ѡļҵɾ
ϵ˼˭˵׼, ǵȥˡ˿⣬ζ
һֱעķһ⣺¶Ե㣬⼸նˣúúòС
ˣһĪ
ϵĵ˵ͷˡ
ǵöԵ㡣ЦЦ, ʼרĳԷ
Ųæţȥ쵽鷿ſʱ, ɫһ, һ˵Ľȥˣ밲
ƽ䵭Ŀһۡ
˶٣ɻվ鲻ô, ôü֮Ķɫ
㻹˼ޣʡ
æ£ǳʲô, ǻϲˣ
㿴ϵʲô, дʲôյĽһԱߡ
򣬼ӺһãȻдλѡ, ûдİ
λѡ㵽ʲôŭʡ
æȱĲ֪кβװ
Ǯµʮ꣬㽫˵ѡ֮һ˼˵֪кβףʡ
һ£޹Ļش𣺡ǮµӳǰüĿģٹ궨ӣСЩҲ£źҲУ̷򣬲һʱ
㵹Ǻ˼˵ôʻӵܣƫƫҪѡ޿Ǵĸ޹ȥЦһ
üôˣҲͨӵ𣿡
װɵѵû˵ʱ۾
ˮ©ļ޹ԺүԪϣоλΨһĶӽҪоģسʮ꣬һĴ󹦳۶ǳʱ飬Ҳ֪֪ףǮµôǮȻǽͳ죬ݵλߣΪ˻Һ񣬳ĺҲ̫
˵ͣһ£һϵʣ˶ǳϸѡģ֪Ϊξѡǣڸȥ
Ҳ֪Ƕǳ͢سãΪҪѡǣ΢΢ģͼơ
üݳΨһĳǻϵͬĸİ㣬ǵĸǳ͢س볼ҲǸʣΪβѡǣ
ֻˣüͷ壬۵̽
ֻ̾ˣţҲԼİ֮ɴݸߵģպҪųҲ˵ʲô
㵹ǻ㣬䵭е̽һִֻ֣Ҫѡ⼸ˣǲܴӦΪͻ顣
ɻ󣺡ΪΣ
ҪĹӣΪ˽ͷ̷Ļ¸ƭкǴ˻飬ǵĸҲҪޣŻ£ɫĿһۣҪ޴ͻ飬ҲԣȥͨһǼгڳеģպ϶ҲΪѡ
ǶǵңܳڳְһϿüλѾǳϸѡˣԵĳҲϰɻϣֻҪͻ飬֤պãΪѡ
ı֤ãֻ·ҪôѡˣҪôʱͻ¡źǼ
һΪѣ˼֣صˡ
š䵭Ŀ
һࣺǲίԼȻϲϴͻ飬ǳԼװɡ
ţ׼
Ϊβ׼⣬ԼףͽժˣպʲôìܣҪֵǰϸôоôкˡ
޵İ㣬ôƽʱʧƫģȻá⼸˵ƺЩѡ
һίΪ˱ȫԼʽ㶼Ҫô
ſӳĬƬ̣Щͷ۵Ȼȥ޺ú롣
ǻϿҪЩڷ¥أһղؼңһչţرܡһ
ţϽߡ
ǡ˸Ťͷ뿪ˡ
˹źƻһ£Ͻܹȥӭӣôô磿
ϲ뿴Ұɡڵ
üͷʣΪβ
Ǽλ⡣߽ľ壬ˡ
ǼλǾϸѡģΪβ⡣籧ŵʡ
ĬƬ̣̫̾ãϲˡ
ʱ
ʲôĵģƲٺãҲϵ֮һϻǸ۸²ɣ
ϲ۸£µµպĻλв
㶣ɫʱЩˣϡô
ˣҲ˼ǲܣԹûϡ
ǣǻǴͻˣ
Ͳ֪ˣҲһλ
ư϶ŵˣʲôöѡ棬нŪʡõԵ
Ŷû񣬡бһֱۣڵϣ۾˵һ䣬һֱѡ£̫ˣ˯ǵ˼һδѣҲؽңֻ˯ǡ
֪˵¡ƴӰóŵĸϣܿ˯ȥ
ƽǰۣſڵʱͻȻͣ£Ŀһݣô£
䣬ͷ㴫һϤ¿ϣ
ƺһۣüͷƿһǣǰͷվŵʣʲô
ԴǰЩ꣬ʱʱգֲϿˣūȥȰỌ̇̄ӡ
ƲͷȥȥȥʲôԸȥҲֵõǰȥȰ
ūҲȷʵû취ˣСү½⣬ʮֽǣһϣ£¿ϣ
һȻڵģֻûȥ¥ҵŰɣȥȻȥˡ
ǡӦһĿ˳̾
صòѣһֱԱߴȣæ£һɶֱҹ˲
˵ʲôˣüͷ΢
Ƶ˵ͷԣˣϳҩ£˵ǲǲˣ
ȥ˵Ҫߡ
Ƽæס£ҹˣȥʲôȥǾһȥ
򴽣üͷ£һ䣺ҲǣֲʲôҪˡ
˵ʲôƲ
ǿЦЦû¡

 36 

, ʱˣȥϢɡ
Ӧһ޷ȥ, Ա˵Ż, һҲûȥȵ޷ſʱ, ͻȻһ䣺㷽˵ΪǰЩģ
ƶ˶, ƺΪʲô, ʵش𣺡, ˵ġ
Щƺֻһꡭһ䡣
Ʋ˵ʲô
û, ȥɡ΢΢ףŤͷ޷, ƹͷ
ݺһֱЩĲɣѾ߼ͬ˵ûϸ
£Ҫԡ𣿡Ѿʡ
̧ͷţ
Ѿظһ, Ż񣺡Ŷˮɡ˵򴽣Ѿ߿쵽ſʱͻȻ, Ȳԡ, ˱Ҫȥ¥һˡ
ȥĻ, һֱ, ˯˶Ӱ, ȥһۣҲðޡ
ҪзүһͬȥѾʡ
΢΢ҡͷء
ѾӦһ, Ťͷȥˡ
¥У¥ͷ᷿
ȰӣӲôˣǾдưɡ
ȥ˳ɳƣڼŵͿȡ
˶٣ɿڣûȥ
ûûۼҲ³ʵ
죬ֹһ䣺Ƿ˼ӣȻǻ۵ġ
ѡɶˣ˵꣬һͿȡ
Ϊѵδ£˵ҲˣҪ˼գϴͻϢ
ţĬú󿪿ڣһ˳۵ģûи飬պϦԣҲ⡣
ӣͷǳ²ô̲סˡǧģûĵģʵ䡣
ɫƽš
̾ɵȴӲɵӣӲ硭
ġ䡣
ɫ׵Ĺ£ǡء
üԼ˵ͻȻһŲС˵𣺡ӣˡ
һ㶣û뵽ʱ
ȥӭü˲һ⡣
æӦһҴҵȥˡ
Ӻ󣬼᷿У˶δġˡ
ֻɫ԰ףα٣ֻŰɫڴϣƽʱ߽಻׽ģͻȻһֿ˿˱̲ס۸ˣòᣬԼ뷨ʵЩ
ʲôʡ
̧ߵǰһȹӱ˴ߣ󷽷ˣ֮¡
һ£üۺͻϧӲʣ޷źˡ
Ȼ֪ԼӲʣΪβ򣿡΢ɵ촽Ƭ̣Ŷߡ
ʣµѡˣ
ţѡˣֻȻϴͻˡ˵һ䡣
ڱϵ߬ץһ壬ȴȻƽ֪ѡļҵү
Ƭ̺һⲡģǿˣҲǽϲһΣ㿴򣿡
ȸңѡļҵү
üô˵Ҫˣ
ˣ¿ɻаѹͫɫᣬڳһƬ
һһˣмԹζ
õ¼Цˡ
ϾȻô֪Ǳ͸㣬ѡˣһλͻ顣
µıѡ֪࣬λ
֮۶ԺүĶӣнͳʱһ˫۾ͣϣı䵭΢ȣ΢ȵ֪ͣҲˣ˲
Ȼ˵ݺ󣬵͵͵Ŀ˼Ż²ס
ֻҪϿϴͻ飬ȻҪ׵ģ˶ϱ赭дĿһۡ
üǳϲǣ㲻ֱˡ
֪ˡһ
üۻͣȥſڸ֪Сһ
ֿϿˣΪҪԼбһۡ
΢Ŀ繣ֻ⼸鲻ãһʱ˲顣
ͺˣ˵ţ㵽ſڴԸС˺˻
Żش𣺡ˡ
ôյĹ򣬼ѾԼǰʹʲôˣֵĿһۣû˵
ڣѾ쵽˼ޣ˵ˣ۵׵ƣԽԽŨȴȻǿŲϢ
ۣЩȥˣ˯ɣ˱ǡ
¿ҪһͬϢɫ԰׵ʡ
һ£ɨĴ̣Ҫһͬ˯һŴ
¡ƿһǣԱߵλá
ĬƬ̣Ьȥˣ뱾ԶЩǸ˲Ĳ㡣
·ģֻ˺¡Ƣ
бһۣһƱ㽫۾ˡҲȷʵۣ˯ǳֻǲⷦˣƳɵıϣܿ˯ˡ
һҹ˯𣬵ʱͷ춼ˣ᷿Ҳһҩζٿ˿ƽߣɫպ˲١
Ը´ȥ΢һˣһϿȥȴͻȻץסһ£ƾֱϡ
±ҪôʣѾǰˡ
Ŀһۣ˵ʲô뻰£
ʱ磬»˯ɡЦ
۴ӣǴˣˣҪæ
£ʡ
һͷ赭дҲûʲô£ǳµЩɽ֥ʺԺүǮһЩȥ
򴽣£㲻ȥҲɣαٶһ١
ô֪Ƕһ٣͡
ɫ΢Ҳ֪Ƕһ٣ִ֪˵ΪδѣΪ¶һ£ʱǵòʧ
ĿƬ̣Ȼ˵ǱͲȥˡ
ͨáĿ
˹ǣǰһۣ⼸պúţ´ʱǿ㻹èƵģϸ
ǣ¡º͵
Цһת뿪ˣȵǰʱַƲ֪ʱѾˡ
²ǲôƲ
ɨһۣˣ㻹Ҳɣ
ƣ
ˣϽظѡЩҩİϣҪȥ͡ЦеȻ鲻


 37 

һҪȥ, Ʋ⣺ϲǲͬô»ȥʲô
ͬ£Ŭҵ, ˼ҺԸ, ϻܰԧ죿
һҲǣǸϽ, Ⱥߴٳȥˡ
·ϣ, ӺҪȥһǮ˸С
ҪҶͣɻ
ɨһۣھ, Ҿ, ֻϧԶ, ҾҲͲˡ
ͬĵ˵ͷǱҰɣֻǲǱ˴֪, Ȼǻʵ䷴
ôǳһЦδĻϡ
صк˱ֱȥˣںһʱ, űȥǮȽҵ꣬ۿһ춼Ҫȥ, ƵĴظ
֮ûȥ, ҲÿնЩͼպű㽫ٽ˹
㣡˵ʲôãöҪ˵ˡ
һ޹ˣ
ٸװ, ⼸һֱǮ¸, Ѿ, εͬϴβͬ˼־, ˼ͷۣ˵˵㣬ƽտͦôִ£
ⲻǲģѡô̫ԶҲˡֱ
ЦһȻģΪλͬʱľٶ֪ж
üͷ΢΢𣬳ĬκȻ˵ǣǳ̫Žӳһʱ䷸Ϳˡ泼˵˵飬˵Ҿͨء
ǲͨڣԺǮѾȷ˵ͬӵ㳤Ű
ʱʧһֻ취ͬˣ
ٸң޻ձͻ顣Ųõ
ҲŲˣЩӵУܿϵľˣǸָˣӡ
󵨣ų
ƹˤһ£ŲӵǴˣȥĸ㣬֪ǳ׵ܵ۸ģٱƳͷȥ
޻δѡξ֪ˣᡣ
ɨһۣӣ˻ǿĳҪ
㣡ָˣڿд˼ºͻȻ侲Įˣһȥţʥּᵽ
ϣվ
ޱ飺ѶҪӣҲõȵ޴ͻʥּˡ
ĿƬ֮ۿˣֻܴͻ飬ǲϲϾ͵ŰɣҪնŻϡûϲð
˵СŮһһۣŤͷܳ˴ȻֻС꣬ɳĸǰ̬ѵһŷǵûйͨռҽܰζ
֪ôģֻһ·ʵϣƿһôˣôˣ
û¡һ۽ǣ侲Щ
Ѿð£ˣ
ǻϣ֪⼸ոǮº󣬽ҳһͨ˵ѾѰѡͻ顣
Ҳ̫ˣǿǿʲô𣡡Ʒŭ
ɫҲã²ģֻҪдͻʥּͷ˭֣
ǳһ£Ҳ㼫ˣ˼˵Ҳ볤ء
Ǿŵиϲü
ǿЦЦǲϲе裬һСԺԼסƽղǰžǡ
Ե˵ͷ˵ǣ۲ҲĲˣֻǡίˡ
ʲô̾
ɰ±̫ģʵڲϲ˳ְҲеǰ취
˵ЩɱɱĻɡбһۡ
򴽣ĳĬˡ
һ·޻˳Ʊ뽫¸֪֮ģֻ֮ȥˣһȦûҵֻܾʹա
ת۱㵽磬ͻҲӹﵽ˳ǰ
Ϊǰ˵ˣԼһֱţ˵֮˽ȫԼʹǰԺӭӣּȫһͬݡ
˻ʵگԻ֮쳤˹֮سֵ껪޸鼫س֮Ϊ˴ͻ飬飡
ǰԺУԶ㵲ѣֻһ˲Ƹ𾪣ֺѿڶôܣ
ơĿһۡ
ƵսúˣδǸðʧ빫֡
޷СүؽţȫЦǺǵĿ£ּɡ
ɫƽһݣּ
ȫʥּϸպãɼϣԷЦǺǵϲµóԸūŴҪȥл
л߻ϣһ籾빬º͵
ȫǺЦˣӻڷ¥˵ʥּǶʵ񻰣㲻׼ūŹȥˣǵÿգȽӳҸլסϣЩūȥּ
֪ˣ͹ɨһԱߵķƣȻЩ겻ᣬǼʱһǮ
ȫæʹʹãūŲҡ
ǮֻžǣǱߣϡЦ
ȫҲƾˣ˵˼伪黰ЦǺǵ뿪һߣ̾ūǶɢȥʵ²һ
Ҳ֪ΪλЩգջ˵ҪҴͻ飬ұ˼䣬˵ˣұͷȥʥּ
üϳģ
Ȼﶼˣǲţȥһ¡̹̹
ͷƶһۣĻ˴롣ưǻϼ˽ֲ꣬Ͻ˴͸ѡһˣҲˣǽԴϲ
˵ŽԴϲȴһ㻶ϲ˼ûС
ɨһۣǲԸţǱȥһϣ˻顣
˰ɣʥּ£ܷڣ˵ţ˵ĿһۣС˵ҿͦ˵ģԸóǲǻùϲ£
ǲ빧ϲҲǿЦá
򴽣һԲŤͷˣ̧̾ͷ磬һɱ˶٣׼ɱ
ޱ飺Ŷ
ҲУ֮ûҵ׼ӣ㽫·ˡ
翴һۣ¿
ҲûС
ְȰһ䣬úôð֪˴ͻ£ǲưոݡ
ǿҪллˡ


 38 

, ˣһ˵֮ˣϽȥſӭӣ㲻ҪҹŻô, ôպھ͵ˣ
̵㵽һʱ, ˵˻ϴͻϢż, ǰˣ֮Ҵҽ, æ, ϴ͵ļҶɣ
¿ˮ, ڨڨ˵˴ͻ, Ϊβ֪ļҶɣ
ͻĶӹһ·ҡ, ô˫۾֪ˣֻʥּڳģͷ˲֪ļҶҲ, ң˭֮ߴ١
Ŀһۣͷһ䡣
ʲô֮û, üͷǰһ
һ, 򶨵Ŀڣ
²ҪͬҿЦ֮˵꣬۵׳еЦ⳹ʧ, һĻȡ
˵, ֻǳĬĿͷƳյѾ, ˶վûиҿ
֮, Ƭ֮ޱıԺߣϽϣҽͣҲ֪ΪͻȻʹͻˣͷβҪֻˣջΪϲϸңͻϴһܣǲŵĻȥ
±ŪͷƵģ֮Ļ
ںͷԶŵͷƣէһԼ֣ͣ
һ£ˣûУˡ
֮ͣƽúˣ£˵ҲûôúŪ
ûŪ㡣ҧס촽
֮ɫ䵭ǰӦң˵
˵ǲУǻϴͻ顭ԽԽС
֮ĿãЩзһһԺӹףԭµһ塣
Ϊɷѿģ֪ϲ׼λȨصҲֻ֪ΪõģԱѡõȨһϲӦֲ˼ֻ꣬ϲĴͻ飬ҲƲϵˣҲ˵ģͻǻģһ޹أ˵Ķ𣿡֮һһʡ
򴽣ε֮Ҳû취ֻܡ
û취ֱӱҪҲͬ⣬ҲӦΪǲ֪ȦףΪࡣ֮һĮ
ͷɥĵǸԲ𡣡
²صǸպҪʲôֻ˵ǣ֮˵ţ۵¶һ˿ʲôҲֵõ˷ѾĻ
һնݵĳ˹ֺܿںڰⰲһҶϣŸˮ£ͥԺٴ
յּվУܿܵʪ͸֮΢΢ʱˣȥϢɡ
˵գתȥ
ıӰۿĺˡǰд󵶺ʱͷϣ£Ҹطܱɣϸ
̧ͷԲ𡣡
ˡ籾˵䰲οĻ˵ĸֺûŤͷƴӱɡŴ£̫ˣ÷޷ɡ
ĬãӦһ
겻ĸŷƻ޷һűˣ˺ֺܶ࣬ʲôû롣
£Ⱥ꽪ˮϾˡƵǵæǰæ
һ£ҧ㲻ҵ
룬ʵҡҡͷ
㲻ôΪƭתΪβ׷ʡ
ʪ͸ˮ˳ӢµΣͫɫֺ͸һֲ͵ĵ綼µѾˣ᲻۸¡
죬ͻȻ֪˵ʲôˣֻһͷССڵĺŽ
ƿѹӣҲ»Ǳ̫ˣú˯˾ȥһԭġ
ţ֪ˡ͵͵Ӧһ
ְο˼䣬ˮ˱¸Ͻԡ˺ǧȾ˷纮ˡ
Ŀ뿪Ƭ֮ѾߵĴߴȥ
ԽԽҶδžž죬ֹסķһֱ⼴ͣҲʱǿ˯ȥֻ£˯ò̤ʵֻ˯˲ʱˣҲû˯⡣
޷Ƭ̣Ҫȥ֮һžͿ˷ơ
¼Ȼˣ͸Ͻʰһ빬ɡƴߴ١
˶٣Ҫȥл¡Ȼֻȥ֮
Ƽ¶ᣬæֹ뷨Ƕʲôʱȥ٣лҪ
˼ƬӦһ֮ȥˡ
ʹ֮Уſ㹴𴽽ǣ֪Ϊʽѡʽ⣿
лϡǿЦӯӯĸ˸
źЦ˹۵׵ĺһ٣ʽɫΪ
ػϵĻ̫ˣûô˯Щĵͷ
һֻϢ
ЦЦĵ٩
ſһۣת£ͻһ½вٳϽˣֻڷ¥Уʵո֪ǣȥʱϽŪȥȽͷ¥֮ĸϵˣٸ֪¡
ּס
룺տ˲ʱ⣬°ĺҪôˣҪô£ܵȣǱ㡭
ܵȡæĻϲģҹζࡣ
Ų⣺¸±£δڲִˡ
ϣѾô꣬ʵڲˡŻ
ųĬƬ̣ճ̾һˣǾ㣬Ҫ˵ãг޿ɾ˵һ㶩ģ޹ء
ǡ۵ûа
һӶ¶ʮˣջжʮա
ӻʹʱϰ׻λε̫Ѿм࣬һֱػһϲɿûʲô¶ȵ̫ͻȻ˼ֲʵС
һл᲻ֻ֮ǰĻþʵڹƫУǱĵשԼµ˿ڣֻһⳡΣһϢҲɢˣҲͣˡ
ƿվڹſͷӰ¼ŵ÷·𣬶ʱ۵˹ȥ£ôˣ
Ŷ̫񣬿ǰЩķƣס
һ޹£ۡ
һԡԸ
ԥһ£ס
һЩҲź֪һǲǻþ
лþƲ⣬һ棬Լ𣿡
üԡ
ǡҿ˰˵꣬ͷӦ󣬱Ȼ
һ£ĬĬ˿һɵˣȥɡ
£㲻𣿡ƳɵĿϺӡ
ޱ飺ۡŹ֣


 39 

ظʱ, ¥⿴һۣͷʼ²ȥӳ
Ȼȥ, пӡ˿δ, Ĳɵ
ƶ˶٣Ѿǳˣһֱڴ˴ƺҲ, Цô죿
ģû֮ǰ, ϲѸ, ˵, ߽µľ, иĵģҪ𣿡
Ϣ
æԲ, ӽˮˣ²ô
ҲˡĿ
һ£ϵӣ궥Ӳˮġ
㵹ǻԲ, ɨһۣľ壬, Ѿ֪, ֤պ󲻸ˣۣܱܲˣ
滹Ӧ
ĬƬ, ͻȻ, ƼæסôˣôͻȻԡ
û˵, Ϳգһ۾˲˿ڷ, ʹĵ˷ˣصУҪС
ˣ֮ҲҵıӦһξͲˣűɡԹ
ƳȰ²ɰǧ֮ǵˣպëôС
ǶңҸҲûʲô𣬾ɣڳɻǰˣҲͲؽˣʱԴϲҲͦõġԽ˵Խˣ˵껹ٿȼȵʱǺˣĿ
Ϊװ࣬Ŀն˺󣬶ʱˣû°ɣȥҽݣ
˻ʱ㷭ץסֱ֣ϰѹѨλ㻺Ŀ磺㲻ǲôʲô
ְңҲδµְֻǡ紹µ³Կ¸ñųţȥųűˣһˡ
ĿηŻ磬ʱʶҲʮˣʶôãɼ˭ϳԿ
üͷ΢úû˵
֪ǵĹǣû̷ʣ˵ţͷƶԼ󣬲𴽽ǣݳ޹һ޶ֻһ̷Ȩ˵̷ͬңȻ޷ʲôģö޷
һ˾ǣʲôò˵ģü
һۣĸǰة࣬ôĳұͺĳͣʲô£Щ˻Źң
ǳҪ𣿡Ʋ⡣
ʧЦǻϳţҼС䣬ҲǣǾãĻ϶ǳŶ࣬Ƿࣿ
ƺȻǰߣͨεĴͻһҲܿ϶ԳǷڳšĳ£µλҲͬվһߣӾˣҪ¡
ﾲƬ̺絭ô˵Ҳɱûв͸ǽˣЩĳܲ鵽ͷϡ
͵Ŀһۡ
ƿֿǸüͷȻô鷳²ǸãΪһҪ̷һ
ΪһǱԩģֻҪɽһڳΪ٣һնΪƽϵʱΪʴȣ׼볯Ϊ٣ǰɫĲܵ£ƽǰڷ¥¡
˵һ룬ʣһԼȥ롣
պ󱨸ǲƿأüͷ
͵ǶаɣҲұΪԭ򣬡յһˮɤӺŻݳ룬ֻҪݷߺ룬պƽ˷Ҳֻҳ볯Ե
˵֮ͷƶ˳˼֪˶ãСֹһ䣺˵ҵȡ
ʧЦ㱻˵𣿡
˵ˣƵͷҲãõѡ񣬲ֹܷպ󷢴˶Ըõ¸ˡ
Ҳûˡ
һʾĻ㶼šҲˣתͷ磺أ
ĬΣŴְŵ¡
ǻ𣿡ʡ
翴һִۣ˿ģĬҿĶԳš״Ц۾뵽ʲôȻңǻȥǵýЩ˵֪֮𣿡
ΪβԼȥ˵Ʋ⡣
̾ȥ·ϸϸﵽⶼˣȥͬ˵
ƹɵӦһȻص֮ȥ֮ıԺͷһǴʱʱˡ
ôżʡ
ҲԺѾյµķԸϸˣֻһֱ䵭ģҲ֪û
ԥƬ̺֮ıԺԺʯǰ裬ֺõǰȥƶ˵ˣ
š֮ɫ
Ա£ҲˣֻҪƬլӽҾˣαҪðŷյأһʵ֮١
š֮Ȼֻһ֣ȻǴ
ĬƬ̣ͻȻȦһ죬Ͱ͵Ŀ硣
֮һֱ䵭ı΢΢ɶ
磬֮ұʧߵĿڶ۵ġֻ˵Сһһ࣬磬磬硭
硯һ֮֮ۿˣҲ֪磿
ϸԼ˵ˣæ˵ͷ
֪ΪβԸ𣿡֮ʡ
̻ش𣺡ΪҲãҪΪһҼõķ
֪Ϊ𣿡֮ʡ
ͷΪƭ㣬Ҫ͸úúø˵˵ĶԻӦҲ˵㣬ðˡ
㵹ʲô֪֮Цһ
ڨڨ֪ˡ
ͥԺﾲƬ̣֮ŻڣˣˣҲûʲô˵ˣвһ¸оҪˣҲúúһˡ
㲻ˣ۾
֮ԲҪӦһ¡
˶٣齥
˴գǽìܶˣеĴʯ£ߵʱ򲽷ˡߵͥԺʯŴʱͻȻͣͷ֮磬ҳˣұһͬȥҡ
֮ǳЦô˶ûҵҲһʱæȥ
˵ͷŴӱԺ뿪
뿪֮Ҳûл޷Ϣֱӽ˱ŷ¥ȥˡ
֪Ϣʱɫ̫ÿҲǿӦôпˣ
ΪûգֵĿһۡ
ǿЦЦⲻ˵ϸ´ͻˣŵڲ࣬Ӹô
ˣɲʲôˡ¥
æ˹ȥˣѲɻǸоˣ
ǵҲǣ𴽽ǣ׷֮ǰɨһۣȥȡҪү뿪Ƶط
͵ͣ½Ųˡ


 40 

˵, ᷿ȥع׷ʱѾʧˡ
վڼδķ, һ۷гƵĻ, Щߵǰ£Ϊβ͸͸
֪»һֱڴվŵ˵һȴӡ
е˱, һںȥʰҪ뿪
õ, һ, ȴϲ²Ҫ, ʱ, ҽ½ˣ
㣿˰ɡһûнĻ¡
ĬƬ, Ťͷ²ţ
ǲţֻ벻ΪҪƱĻ£µͬӣ㲻̷ֻ𣿱ɻ, ƺҲʲôɡ
ĿãԳı˵ǣ볤, ֮, ҲԵġ
㵹ͨͦ졣𴽽ǡ
ĺ΢βŵʣ֪Ҫ, һҵү
ϵƢҲ֪, ǲѡʲôŹ, ǲ˵㣬ò, ϲٵ
Էòò侲ɫЩˣ£ϣֻһǺܿ巳˰ɡ
ҲֹòҲ㰲֣мĲɣʲôռӡϣһһĿԼδķ
ÿһ䣬ɫһ֣˵ʱѹ׵ˣºλү
ǲ⣬ȻίԼӦ˵⣬ȴûʲô˼˵ϲãֻɫ˵ŻȻ˱ѡˣȴҲͶã˴͸ҲǽԴϲˡ
˵ǰʱ򣬱黹ãʱԽԽòԡüͷ΢Ҳ˼֣һ˫°һĶ˵Ͻ˴͸£ΪͶãҲ˵֪ЩøС
ǰתĿһۡ
нճȭڽ򶨣˵ݵģãмĲɡ
û΢΢ס
ѾʼҲЩˣ֪ƺһˡ
ڳá𴽽ǡ
ģ
ֱһ˫˵۾ǣ¥
Ѿµˣ׿˵ʱĴԻǿհһ˲βżɬڣҲδյͻʥּ
ڷ¥лּһ˲ʧǺĵӿ㼥汾뿪ȥɾطԻѸ£ʱʥּҲ͵ϡ
ԣĿĿҪˣ
㲻ϲɫǳЦݣôҲ̷Ҫ߰ɣԣһ졣
촽΢ͻȻʣǵͲõģ
ţһҲ֪˵ʲôı顣
Ŀüɿ첻٣϶ˣǾѡֻٲĸŹӣҲѡλãԱ辶ѡңǳȫҺ͵¡
ûôֻ࣬ʱףԲŹˣֻû뵽ִţ󾹽͸˱δĻ
΢΢𣺡²ͬף
ͬ𣿡ЦʣЦⲻ۵ס
ҡ
ܺãܴ֪ǻϴͻ飬һˣԾӦˡЦŨԸãˣոһ£¸¶ʮǸӣɡ
ֻвһˣ΢᲻Щ
ɨһۣһɶȥ죬ҪҲǸϣֻ븮ɡ
˼Ƭ̣΢΢ףãұһ⣬Ҫ׵¸֪ĸ
ţ·;֪һУͱظˡɽ򸾻Ǵ֮گ뾩˵¹ԼҪһġ
֪
ˣޱ⣬ȥԼϸʰһ¡˵꣬˲յССڵŲˮ
΢΢ףתȥʰˣ᷿ʱ˰
֪˶ãС̽̽ͷϼߺڨڨһЦݺ˫ַϣ£ӵǳ͵ķϣ˼ЩӾͳɡ
ӹһŽɰУ̧ۿ𱣺ӳ˻飬պҲˣ㻹ҸҪǮ
㶣ãȻĿԼһ򶨺󣬶ʱ׹ǸϽ£²ңǸ¿Цġ
ҪǮ𣿡ü
æͷ²ҡ
㲻ңǸҵģ𴽽ǣҪɻˣɼǵҪǮˣҪ󲻾֮
ǣ¶㾡УºһʷǮᡣ
˵ʲôѾ˹ɨһۺ󻺻ܷ¥ÿµǮҲޣǸʲôʷǮ
ӡΪԼ˵ʱж
νĿһۣδ˵ǰЩ˿ҹ飬ɫɾ󣬵ѵһƷ
𱣺
ô˼Ŀ𱡣
ǳ鴤ȥȡԺصº»֮ϲ
Ʒѣǲ˼ˡЦеģȫ񲻺˼ӡ
޿뿪ˣ᷿ٴֻʣ¼ˡʰõİ΢΢ֱӣֻЩ
ţֻЩش
ӦһƤһΣȷĸԸߵģ󻰿˵ǰͷȳ˷¥ţպɾֻǱˡ
˵˶٣ĴЩѣӦֿⱲӶ뿪Ҳ볯Ϊ٣һ;ԵˣȷҪף
ʥּ£зڵ𣿡ͻȻʡ
ϵЦ⵭ЩôϵĿڣ治ףȻзӰ㡣Ź֣ô๦򣬿ɲΪŰġ
ԶĿרע÷·Ҫڻ
֮°ڹ£üׯϵĿڣʾӺլֻһ˵ȹ֮
΢΢һ٣֮ſȻˣ汾߰ɡ


 41 

ӷ¥뿪, һ·ҡԺȥˡУص޵ĸо
ָоɲôã˼, ƽĿڳһԺ, ʱסٻس
µġӦ
ֿһ, û˵ˣÿ, Ŀͷľ, Ƭ֮ͻȻڣ, ͣһ¡
֪δү, ҲԼӣսͣ·ߡ
ü΢ôˣ
ԵƬ̡˵, ֱ
һ뿪´ĵ£ǲܣҪҸ˸𣿡
, ʧЦʥּˣ, õĳҲס
Ų˵, ͣĵطУͷŸ̯, ɵ, ĵ
һ֮, ڱÿľζЯǳӵ, һͬ۾õֽһ»ʣѲӵļˡ
ǳӵģÿ궼һЩʮ˴δϣ³˵ţֽȡһ˵ݵߡ
̧ȥãһ£ҳʱǷ˲٣Ӱ˿ǻЩ𤣬¾ͲҪˡ
һ£콫ιӳˣ㴼ζ˲ڴ֮ɢջرĴָ⣬ɵʣҪ𣿡
š춼ҪˣǸŵʱ򣬼һ綼ûԹҲȷʵˡ
ӦüۺͻļΪӣмд㾲ֻֽӿǱ죬Լʱʱߡ
ֻû˵źֻιʮ󣬱㼰ʱͣҪˣٳЩôԲ¡
ϵֽЩδ
ҹɡ۵һ˿Ц⣬½ֽˡ
򴽣˵ĿһۣҲûм֡
ܿ쵽˱Ժſڣ󣬱һͬԺȥˡ
ԺСС˵㣬ʤ徻Щһֱû㲻ֻūЩҽһҹձٶͼ˹չδһµӡһ˵һߴͥԺתһȦ޷ȥ
˵һ㣬Ժڴ˼СЩԺо»㲻סҲίˡ
һ·޷ǰȼһƿűŵͷľϵǳζһ£Ťͷʣǰס
ô֪΢ȣűͷмѾ⸽żͬǺȹƣڴ˴
˵ֱȥˣĿıӰɻŤͷԼʱһ㴽ǸŽȥ
£ϸָ˰죺֮ǰʰⱻ춼»ģԣ˯ϰߣȥ¥Ĵͱӻü
Ա㵽Ա£ѧӸϱ죺µĶǼõġ
ϲУ˵꿴һ۴ɫҪ뿪ˣûȥˡ
½Ҫߣվ
һ£Ȼأ
򴽣£ұĵһ
ԼǷ¥ϰ壬ʲô𣿡
Ĭһ˲߰ɡ
ɣ绹ͷšܾ̾
һȴɫǱȻȥڣ²Σա
ôԡ
£ĻҲŵͳҶԵ¶ôϲңסԺĵһŶãպҪҡ
ĬƬ̣òһٷѣȻ˵ֵزˣӦ׼˾ǣǻѾ߹ȻȥԼš
΢Ѿ뿪ʱ˳ȥſڷԸԸЩ̶࣬úŵˮţõ֮ǰһ롣
ǰ𣿡Ѿüͷ̶൥ǰþҪЩʱٷŵˮǵýһʱ⡢᲻ᵢţ
·ųЩǳӣѾ˴룬͵˰աɫ
ƽվģ˿̲ڳº͵ģŸ߲ʵСѾԭΪڷ¥һ˿Ҳɵɪһ¡
ūѾ˵㼱Ҵ뿪ˡ
תطɨһۣʲôȥˣ
˸̶֮࣬ºȡش
ӳԶˣ
ã̶Ҫϸźúȣ¼Ȼˣ˵겻ڣߵߣżͥԺһǧǵµģ
ǣǧǰ걾ʮġ˵̫ĻҲ˻⡣
һ£
ţ˵Ҳδˣȥơ˵űߡ
лҪʣ²˶ٺûٿڣһͬǧǰ
ӻͳǧϸĲһ飬̧ͷԼ£㡣
Ӧһ鲻ǧ£ţƬ֮۵ҲȾһЦ⡣
²Ƭ̣ʱЩˣһˣôôû
һ£뱻ƵøЩ
ж߾ͶߡԸ
𴽽ǣǵ¿ˡ
ʶս͵߸ߵǾһƺȤˣüоЦ⡣
Ժ岽һԺӵƻͨŻƵĹ⣬˵ӰʱӣʱԶ֮ͣ¡
һ˲٣Թ뿪ʱס·ų˲ٺǷŲܣ»ԡ֮ߡ
˶٣΢΢
¡򶨡
һӷſʼһֱ
ǡӦ
ɨһۣΪΣ
衣ɫ糣
Щûף˵ʲô
裬򶨵Ŀ۵һƬȴˣҲǵµˣǵµˣǵ˳ķõ»ȥЩ̷Щ˴ŵֶΣӦҲǿԵİɣ
ĬĿƬ֮ˡ
һأԽԽûеˡ


 42 

ĬĬƬ, пһ䣺㵹Ӧá
ͽˮ˵űҪߡ
ˣסޡ
, ͷ㴫, ˡ

е£¾ͲҪˡ˵, ȥԸˡ
Ƭ̣ĬĬת޷, ԸҲŽȥ, ѾҪΪ, ƽǰȥ
ѾΪѵĿ, ûзԵ˼ӦһˡɨѾһ, ߵ˼
ɢվţûʲô˵һ䣺㵹ڡ
Ҹģ, £㲻ʱֻһסڴ˴, Ѿڷź, ǲ󷽱㣬罫ǲȥ, ƽյ, źá
סĵط, 㡣ڵ
Ӧһʼ޷е, ַһΣ֪Ѿ˶٣ֿᣬܿ㽫ζˣڷһ죬ԡʱŪʪͷ
źʱ򣬼һֱͨͭͷ̲ס˵һ䣺㻹ͦѾߵ츳
ɷ츳
ǳһЦûе£תߣֻǸ͸˹һʲô
²һ
бһۣأûȤ仰˼ֱӸҲź
򴽣ĿĿ磬ԵˮŴվԭء
򵥵ԡ֮ˣһͿվԭأɵֵĿһۣһֱʲô
µˮش
𳭾£Ĭһ˲ǰǴֻ⣬ֲɵӣܴδˮ
һֻһСΪ˵ţ˸ֽȥʪͷϸɣ۵¶ƣͣ£ʱˣ°ðɡ
Ӧһĵ£۾һ䣺ܷҪֱ֪𣿡
ǣ°˯ɣ㡣
ʢᣬѾЩԺļ䶯˶־ÿԼˣûٶ룬ԡʱѾ˺ξ
һֱȵ˯ҹȻĪ˹۾ʱ޷ѾϨ˵ĴǺڵģֻܽ¹ǿ
Ѿûʲô˯ˣֲ֪Щʲô㿪ʼͷ½ǣƬ̺־Ȥ½Ŀۼϡ
ţȻûʲôģãţҲûбһֱ֣ͦϵÿټϼֲͰҲѹǰ׷Ųš
óһЩԼ;֪˰ɡð뷨ЩʲôģˣסĴΪһ죬Ƭ̺־ò㣬ֶıӶ֡
òֺʱ¡
һ٣򶨵Ľջȥ۾˵װŵһжֻΡװ˯ֻʶķӦװžźڣİϷСƭôƭõ
ȻװװˣʱǸûӣһᣬɴװס
Ϊʱˣʡ
䶯һ£ȻûзӦ
Ƭûȵش𣬲΢΢Ľëǹƽڣ²˵ֻΣ˯ˡ
Щɫ֪װ˯̨ףҲţôͻȻһ
㶣ȷӦʱʶ±⿪ˣľѣļϡ
¼ȻѾ˯ˣҶЩҲᱻֵġ˵ֱ꣬㼷˼ĺ봲֮䣬ָһͽС½⿪ˣǰҲʧһڵ

ҧҧŻ˵ĳ嶯˫ĬĬץĴŪͰ͵ġ
̣۵һ˿Ц⣬һ˫ֱ㲻ҲɿһĴҧǣ·ʲôζ
ԭҧˣҧȴΪ˷ֹԼʲôеһűòĸоһ˼ȻġȻûãͻȻ䡣
޿̣۾ǳ⣺
óֻϧװ˯ķ̫۽ǷӽҲ˼ƽʱûеĽ
ˣһʣһĴ
һôġźˣ
뽫˵ģֻϧĳӶ̫Ŀһʱ٣˵Ѿ
ã**̣ĪҪˡ˵ţ
ҪЦһʾмȻڱֻˣֻ̼ʱЩ˵׼
޷Ĵһ֨֨ѽѽ죬᣷·˾һζضˣһȴַǷ
˻òͣ£ʼҩΪʱͷ컹û
ˡſڴϣ
˳ıһ·£гЩԵģ
ʱˣʲô۾ܾ飬ôš
ĬƬ̣ǰӻδꡣ
˲۾̾ˣϲġ
һҩΪͿãŻзӡ
˶٣ɻŤͷ
һ֮޷ˣ˶ֻǰӵһĴɻƿֽסƿڷڼ֧ȼգɵһ棺Ŀô
ӦǿԵģٵȵȾȺˡڵ
ûЩܾòףֻЦˣſϾĿܿ˯⡣
͵˯ʱú񲼵Žƿ򿪣Ӿϡʱ˾ȥһ£Ȼˡ
ԡЦ
ǳǳĹ𴽽ǣһ͵ߣ³
ſҧסףȻճʱ㣬ɱȴǺóࡣ
²ͺá
˵꣬רΪӣһԵţȰӳʱĶӲˣҲ۾ˡ
ӣɵǳЦһĵһۣЦʲô
ӺȤ˵˶٣۵׶һĪһ뵽պһֱŵ£̲סЦ
ĬƬֻ̣Ǵѧģ
¥ش
ɨһۣΪʲôҪѧЩ
ѧźͬԭ򣬡˵򶨵Ŀ衣

ãת裬ƻˡ


 43 

ΪӲԶ, һسˣµʱ򻹲Ѿ߰ҩϣʰ׵֮, Ѿõҩȥ
ֿ, ˸ҩôüһ۽
Ѿ߱ϹϾص£ūԭ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ, ̫ҽҩ˵ҩ׸Ķ, Чۿ, ū澾, ûǱ׶ˡ
һ֪, з׼һ£Ҫʥ
ǡѾҩ, ˸뿪ˡ
ױ̨ǰҰΣҳһµĺӣ򿪺㿴һӨ͸ΪĶŴӿƬ̣ŲǰԺ, ǰԺһֱŵķƿæӭȥ¡
Աߵ֮һ£ôҲڡ
˵½ӵ˳ϵıԺ֮ʡ
˵ͷ, ʶĽͣ, ݵ׽ȣһֱڷ¥, ˵Ҳҳ, ԻڻѸ֮ǰ, Ƚ˽ӳĺá
Ǵڳɻ֮ǰס֮ʡ
ò׼ΪҪЩ, ǾʵˣɻգҲӱԺ
ԺūͲ࣬ź˵Ҳһ㣬ȻҪסʹӸвЩ˹ȥʱʮӦһ¡֮º͵顣
Щ΢ôģ
ѾӳջϾҪѸˣһסڱԺٲҪǱԺūչ˲ܣǽ˾ǳˣ֮󷽵Ļش
΢΢ףҵûô࣬ҲűԺֻмūţȷʵЩ˵һ£̧ͷ֮ɼūŹȥӣڱԺźѾߣʱȽлù½˴л
ǡ֮Ӧһ
պ󣬱㳯֣̹֮󣬼ӿͷ֪֮㲻ϲ˴СЬ£ҼҲǲмİɣ
֮΢ƽĿ
գһ۾Щṳ̄ʵ£ڼҲ֦˵ĸˣΪ˹ȫ֣Ҫ˸ϳȥġ
֮Ц⵭֪ˣ¡
֮ŷӣһӸг˳ȥ
ϣƺĿż£ô֪ҪСЬ
ɼūȥԺС£ھͷԸȥˣȴǰԺһֱңҪ׿׼ȥǴЩūʲôպ󼴱㱻ˣҲ˵Ӧ׼ġ۾Ϣ
΢΢ףβ˵һ䣺
˶٣ĪۿҪ۸˵ģô
µΪƭǵģΪʼˣСúõһʼĶǣôͲˣƲ
ϸһ룬Цõףƺ˵Ҳԡ
ƺߺŲ˵ˡһ·Ĭ˹ſڣվһ빬쵽Ǭ幬ʱδű˽Цһ£ԭս̧ȥ
ʽˣſ㳯֣ŹǼϵЦʱЩ൱߹Ŀ˼һۣǿվ
μϣ񣬱ŷŶŹ΢΢ף
δ£ɫƺ٣ѵ˷ϲ¾ˬŹֻôڳ
ſһۣ᲻ص˵һ䣺񡣡
ǡŹίӦһεεģҼ
̻˱飬οĺ󱳣ŹֵĿһۣһˡ
źЦʽĪ֣Ѿͷ޹߻ˡ
޷ô뿴Ůüȥ
һκܿ͹ȥˣźͼҲһͬεĻ¡
Ѿ͸ЩڷĳǱߣƺŻ£֮ţ㲻볯Ϊ٣ЩڿϧˡŻ
Իδ˵ŹЦһ̿üЦʲô
ֻһʱûסϺ͵±һʶŹ˼ŵ
ɫɣΪҪЦ˵ʲôЦ𣿡
ŹһΪѡ
ſ˼һۣЦЦһ죬лֱ˵ؾн
ǳ檿ɾֱ˵ˡŹɨ˼һۣں촽Цֱ˵ЩĳӲѣĸ׷Ǵ׷ǣѾǷ⿪Ǿ볯Ϊ٣ǳ롣
Ź˵Щʱ򣬲֪һǱԩ£ɼȴúܣô˵Щ鸡΢
΢΢һյһڣŻô˵ٹʱҲҪҳˣʲôϵŹպǼԭЩ¡
ôҲǼЩ¶ˣɼ㳼檲˵ҲҪ˵ģǲ뱻˳ոϵһôûѸ֮ǰٻһλŹ̲סЩҲǶ
úЦʵ¶һ˿
Ź״ҪڣȴһˣպҲǻˣЩ²ᡣ
Ź򴽣ΪίӦһ֮ҲȻûٿ˵Ŀһۣ˸Źһ£͵͵ͷʱ΢Щ΢
ǺѾˡ
ŹǶ˶βڨڨһЦǳ檵ķ
ƣų֣ݹʱϸĿһ飬Ǻ񣬴£ֻ̫ؾЩôÿҲûΪͻȻϣ
ϣŹֵĽߣһҲĳ檣檷ŷ˵ģֻǾŲȡ
˵ţ㽫嵽޷Уֻһͷһͷⱦȷʵôۡ
ΣȻźЦİδĻɡ
Źһüſʱݺݵ˼һۡסЦ⣬ʱת˻⣬ڿ쵽ʱˡ
ʽ㲻ţ
ЦЦвһ±ҪˣѾæһţʵڲٵˡ
ˣ޾ͲˡŻ
׸˸ˡ˵գתǬ幬
һߣŹûͷһ˼ϣϣŻǲǲб䶯ˣ
Ϸԣʲô䶯Żش
Ź򴽣漴εεȻûб䶯ˣǸеĹؿһʡвһ±ˣϵøϽɸȥزС
⵹ҲǣǵѸ£˹ȥŻ
ŹЦЦŻ˶⣬ϵʱȻҪӦЩˣ˵Ὣˣ罻Σɸٰ֣ջʼҹЩ£檻Ӧġ
ˣǾˡȻͬ⡣
ŹЦһ۾΢΢С


 44 

ȥ·, ߽ľ壺õġ
²ؽˣ粻ڡƹԹԵ
һ£Ϊβڣ
ŵ빬˵ԺסĺôҲδ, ҪЩԺ, ñʲôС˿ӣүƽ緽˵Ļһ顣
ô, ľء
ǾͲ֪ˣǰʱ, Ҳڵ, зִ硣ƿο
һҲ, , ҲǳԲ˿ģǱ㲻پ, ǷԸ򣺡żظȥϽһˡ
ʱˣϽѾˣ²ȥ䷹üȰ˵
̾ȥ䷹ġ
ȥʲôƺĿ
Ĭһ˲, һÿĿԶȥᡣ
Դͻּˣүӱһֱû춯, ڵȥ֪, ôöûȥҲµ˭, ֻǻڵֻϣʱܼ˶, һСүӶ, ܰһ¡
ܸȥʱͬһʱϳǱԺС
ޱվԺ, Ŷͬޱ硣
ҡĮʡ
ವĿˣ㡣
һССͥԺҪôˣ˷һͥԺ岽һڵƣ۵һƬ⡣
ҲˣδЩӦõġ
֪ô𣿡Ŀ
΢򢣺ӻδԲ֪˱С£һġ
Ŀһʱû˵Ҳվţ˿δѹȣһʱӣȴ˭ûжոūſһĻ̲סһĺԥҪҪس˵һ
ͥԺﾲֻʣ·˸иƣ˭Ҳûãһʱ˼㡣
Ƭ֮ͻȻ侲ֶΣǲЩˡ
˵ʲô粻Ϊ
򶨣˵ʲô˵ǰһѹ޼ңȴֻĵķʽˣˡ
Եķʽӻܲס۾
𴽽ǣܿĽǶ¶һƵЦȷܲסǸңϴڳҲΪõվ㶯֣㲻ľãԼֱҺðɣ
ڼңޱĿϧˣ
˵ҪһȴĿĴ˵ų򡯶֡һ䣬ȭΪƳϮȥ͵һ㿪ϮȻĳץȥһҲŶ㿪ˡ
ͻȻʹΧȴ˸ǰ硣ȣٹʮǳµķˣǶԾǰӣǲҲ·ϡ
ȻҲҪǰĸУĿвУڶ뽺ʱͻȻһĽһν̴ӵнǰȭ˲˵
˵ĶЩ˿õսľۿҪղסˣһԱ͵ūڱסˣܵԺǣƥӱ޻ظȥˡ
߼׵¸֪ϽϽȻˣɨҪˣܼ˵İ»ҵ˳ͷβûͷһӡ
İˣżʡ
űӺ˼ˮŻһ£ء˵ӣ¶ͷĺۡ
ǲôأֻǺˣ׶ûףСʱˡɷƻˣϽôʦҲ˴󲻾
һֱΪһὫΪ̷ȴֱӱҲӦõģ˵ŷ±ӣһ˵ʦҲҵģų֮ջѸʱҰƽһ佫ĳǱߣԵӦþˡ
ֲǰķˣЩĳʲôʸ񷴶ԣƻЬءƷ߷ߵ
ЦĿһۣûٸԵɡ
㶨Ͻֻȵų׾ͺˣɫɵϣı۾ˡ
˯ɡƱ˵Ϊȡ
Ӧһֻǻû˯ţѾ˳ǰһūͻȻ˹£Ժˣ
һ˲ʲô˯ⶼûˣô£
±𼱣ȥʡ˵æÿѯʡ
ϸϸŵ˵ˣѾϱʱٹ˲ϱģֻгӱޣűԺȥˡ
һ̤ԺţॵĶ̱ʱüͷ첽ߡ
罺źܳһʱɨһϯȹ֮󣬴Ľ͵һգ΢΢һ㶣ǰ㣬ĵһϸ˿ڡ
ʱ㿴һĻʱΪ𣺡ס֣
ͬʱͣ¿ϵĵڲѪɫһһǱ֣ҪȫЦɣ
ְҡ紹
Ҳнҡ
ңǵǸҵúܣҪˣڶнⲽ˵ô£˵һù
ȣְŸ̵
һ֣ôңôƣ
˱㣬ҪŤɼӡޱ顣
Цһôǰ粽ţ׼뿪ԺǼʲô
Һʱ˵׼뿪Ժһ
û˵ȴˣڴŰʮǡ
죡޿̵Ĵϣ˲ʵŲʡĵĶˣǳд˵ĳ嶯ҲֻǶָ˼£޺޵˵ʲôã
±̵
翴һۣĬĬͷһ䵭ĿŶˡ
ͥԺٴֻʣ·͵͵ŲԣССʣ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷһŶŭĿӡĮɨһۣں뷨ֻǵͷ
·ϣ˼ʮղ뿪Է
£ְ
£أҲˣæ
򴽣δ˵ͿߵǰԼ˵һϣ΢΢ȥ£ۡ

ˣղŲǻͦͻȻװʲôװ


 45 

ϵ˿ڻϸܵѪ, ָδɺԵѪָ̺һƬ
ĵջ֣ȥ̫ҽ
СˣӦòڡ
ȥ
촽΢΢һ, ת뿪ˡüڵϵ磺ȥ˼, ҲߣԺɡ
ǡӦһ, ԺҲ뿪ֻܿʣ¼ˡ
ͥԺٴ徻, ü滺Щá
֪, 㲻Ӯ, Ҳñ˵ƽĿ, ۵͸Щӡ
ŵ½ʱɨ, 㱻ʣҲûб䶯Էġ
΢һ÷¥׶Ը
ʵ
ɨһ, һѪȾЩģ㽫Ƶʯǰ£š
˵գȥ޷н, ݸȰѪˡ
, ҿ
򴽣׻Աߵʯˣ㡣
˳ӵĿ, յǰͻȻŴ, һ˲Ѫ
ղһ, üͷ˻
װû˿ڡá
Ŀ, ҹĵӳۡ
Ŀţëܿص£Ĭһ˲ֵĸоüͷѪһζ֮ǰҪࡣ
ֻĿ·ﶼͬ޹ˣ¼ĬװģҲܲܿƵıӰ죬üζЩ˿ڡ
ּº󣬼߳ŭˣ۾ϣ
˳ӵĽ۾ϣļŷЩϸϸ˿ԱߵѪ¶ԭķɫ
ջϻὫѸ£ʱҪһͬ빬лˡΪɵĿ
˾·ģһ˵ԼСĻƵġ
ţǾͺáϣǿ˿϶Ҫʣ˵˵ģ¾飬ҲҪЩͷ׷Ҳͷˡ
ͥԺٴξƬ֮մѪ£ˣҵŰɣ̫ҽ˾ͻ
˵ŻҪߡ
һѽסˣȥģ
ظ˵ɨһۣˣ鲻ãޡ
ôߣϻȥο磿䡣
һ£˴ʲôɰοģ
Ҳ˴»ΪҲѪˡ
һδˡ
ˣǲǾҪͬˣ䶼ã۵һ˿ŭ
ЩͷǱķʲô
ֻһ仰ͻȻ˳ˣŭҲɢһɶٿͻ˵ǣݲͬҲͬƽϡ
ĪĿһۣһأ޳ˡ
˿ںۣ𣿡һοڡ
üͷҪֲܾһ䣺²£ҾͲˣǻ𣬿Ҳʵʵ
вõĳ
𴽽ǣв󣬵½£ҽг°̶Σ
򴽣ɨһۻǴӦˡ˵䣬̫ҽŷƴҴҸ˹æ
̫ҽ񣬾Ϊɣߴ٣ܲʲôҩ˺õÿЩ
ص£ûҩӵ˿ڲϸŵĻұܳ׺̫ҽյ
΢΢ףˣǾͰɡ
ǡ
̫ҽҩ䣬æµʱߵǰ£ʱˣǻظɡ
̿˹һۺһŤͷԷƵȻȥҽޱԺ
Ҳޣü£ղѾ޹𣿡
ˣҵŲУ˵ѹȥ磬ɱ˲֨
ǣ£ǷȻȥˡ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ц˵ͷֺŽ뿪ͷСֹ̣Աۿţȵ̫ҽҲ뿪󣬲ŴͬƵĸá
š֪Ϊֻǿһۣûнӻ˼
ȴϷŹǵ̣ӦҲǰ̷ģѾʮߣΪε»δһ֣
ҪͬƵĹϵΣֻǼ򵥷ܹȥ
鵭ЩȻҪպҲٸ˰ɣ
ҪڣͻȻһ£üβ΢΢㻹δţѾ𱾹ļˣ
Ȼǵµļ£ȻҲҵļ¡ܵĿ
бһۣûٷ
ҹڴϣɵ󻺻ղź㰲Щ
ǣ˱ŵ£ʲô˵ţ㽫첲Ĳ´˻
õɨһۣһƱа˯ˡ
һҹ޻
һ첻㱻ˣһ۾кϳ
ջϴԼҪҵĻѸ£ǲϳ˵ȥȰ
˵һҪ˯Ǳǿи
ǸͨūţⱲӶĵĿһۡ
΢ϧҲūţǵµķҪͬ¹һӵˡ
һľźƽϳķԼ򵥣ҲôΣܿʰ׵ˣһ۾еԼҪ뿪
¡ס
ͷ£
мС⽲ЩҴȥ
˼һ˲˶𣿡
ش𣺡Щ࣬»ʱӦǲˡ
ǱȥɣҡջѸ£ͬһڰոǰһȦҲ
Լ֮󣬼ŹǷϳˣ˯վڴ֮Уĳ佫Ļ³ѣҲ˯
òװ糯Ͻһ̵ˣ˲Ͻ֣ҲǼҴܻϣ߿ߣ
ƼżҲż˳ſΪż
뱻˷˵űҪ߽ľ壬ֻǸһ̧žʲôֽȥ
Ƽ״̾£𣿡
һС£ʲôֵģɨһۡ
ƶ˶٣ǲ͸ϽȥɣǸ¿ͲϳԷˣ˵Լ˵£ҪʳԳ͡
ô㲻ϡüĬƬ̺гȥȥ֮ǰȿǸʳļһС


 46 

صк, ûȥ磬ǽг˽ʮ㣬ڵȥѰˡ
ıԺûл, ҲûźС, 궼һ˾ס޷˼, Ժиһ˶ûˡ
˽Ժʯϣһ, ߵ޷ſ˼£
оһ˲, ְڱ˼, 
ô, ҸˣЦˣ, 껹ûͺԸ
һžͷ֨ѽһ, ľſڡûĿһۣתͥԺ£ҹ
üȻԸ, ˹ȥ
ԡֻһ֡
紹ףԡ
Ϊβԣۡ
ĬƬ, Żְõ²ˣԷ
ǲ, ֻҸˡ̷
, ǲ˵ˡƬ, ûҪԶ˼ɴҲȰ, ΢΢ֱӣ˿ӸƵĳţһ߳ԻһۣȻճ¯ĸģȫֿڸУ˿ڵģΪŴЩ
ĺᶯ˶
Ӹ⣬ֽ⣺ɿڣҧһڴ㣬γĴ治ĸɳɳģԽԽóԡ
Ķӷһ࣬ޱı
ֻû鲻һ¿Ӵûʵ̫ˣҲ֪ǲǸŴ
£ԻԼԺӳԡ̲ס
ɨһۣҵģȻҲҵԺӡ
ԣһȥ˼˵תߡ
ķ°ӣǾδ㣬Щˡ
͵ͣ
Ҳ˵ȴȥƣ˵Ҳû㻮һ£ǿɴСģͬƽϣֻҪڻʱһ䣬㶼ҪԲ˶ߡƽĿ
򴽣ְ¡
ɱ£ǲˣûһϽ˴УպҲ޷Ǳ˭λã
֣»ȡְλã粻˵¶һ˿õ
۵һ˿Ц⣬Żȡλõȷѣܱ֤ᱻ˵Ľ鱦ۣı֮ģΣͷҶȥ
һ⣬ʱ˵ˣжิӣ˭Ȼ׼ģǷǳʵ⡣
΢֪Ѿ˵ͨˣɵ÷֪ȰˣͲܴΪǺõĽǶȳֻ漰ʱǲŻ׸ı뷨
ٲԿҪˡ˼
˶٣һʱû
üôϳԣ
ҪһˮŤ
Ц⣬ɨԱߵѾһۣѾȥ֪ˡЩ㣬ʱ˱վҪ˼ҲֻԼǹʮ˲ô죬ʱԿĻǱվԺֻǱԺűɡ
ǣ¡Ӧ
Ժȥֶˡ
»ǱȥˣʱˣҲùˡȰ˵
ԥһ˲΢΢ҡͷȥɣǸһǲȥܵһ졣
ǿ湻۵ġ²һ䡣
ЦЦȥˣǰ·ֵһ֮պ磬ʺš
ˣҴ߽ԺУ΢΢ףſھҴ£һʱ䵢ˡ
ƽĿһҲʲôºαѡ
˵ʵξˣá
ָڿ㼸£мմţɡ
ͷһۣȻǰϷһмƷôǺá
ոշ˼ձ㼱ȥ֪̫ʴȣǲ£ҲʲôȻƽ־ȴ͸һ
һ£ڷƢ
ҡ
üżˣǲٹ㶨ǻڵȣżҴҵĸ㲻ˣǱȻȥˡ
ױųǰ㵽һ̣Ҳ˸Ҹܣ֮һֱԼҲΪϲǵϲѾһҩˣתҲʲô¡
ȻҲһ㣬ĬúŻɫ֪ˣ¼ȻˣŰɡ
ų˲ٵģԼѾ֣ɴ󷽵
Ĭһ˲ȻǾƳţǰŵվˣһֱδ̣֪Ƿң
ðҲ£Ǿһ̴ʱ䡣ȻӦʡ
ͷѾпգ޷һͰڷн¡
ˣֻʣͷһѣȵαѹɽЧһۣŴȥ̡
ϷһСֱͷͷ̰ںá
ִӣʡ
һӡ
ƶ۵һ˿Ц⣺µ棿տҲ
ٺܺù֮м
ܲϲ˵֣²ǽǵ㲻䰴£֮յϾһȷʵĪǵµù
ǵǣʮӮ̻ûģʣȻˣҲӣٶıֲġΪ⡣
ЦǿȷִӵĴݡ
ϻ˵塣ߴ١
Ӧһִϡ
һӺ̽İӣĬƬ̺ʣӮ̣֮
Ȼƭ㣿յӣһΣҪִӡ
ĬĬӦһ
һӣһ飺֮ˣ
ʲô˼ɱա
ɰͰ͵Ŀ̣ǻɣֻǡˮƽôܻӮ֮
Ҳ˼ɵЦһղ΢Уǻʱ򣬶ɱƬײ
˵ǡӦ
Ϊ̣ӦڳԼӲֹӮ֮ϽǱ°ܽ
Ͻĳ¨ӡ
һ֣ضȻӮŭ
ֻ°̡
һӺ󣬼ˣûгԡŲҲ̶ọ̃ͻȻԼĿġ
̣˵İ


 47 

ߺߵĻ˼, һնûԺȥڼ˼ΣҲֱӵ֪
ֻܱܶһʱ, ȴܱܶһ, û˱Ҫһͬʥˡ
ƽʱһ칬װ, ˳ҲҪ, 㿪ֹˣڹҪ, ԱҲ, ٲҪһ, Ǹȥµõһ, ǲҪȥˡ
ûµĵ£гԵģܵȡæ
𴽽ǣȷɻ˼أ㵽ʱ԰˶û, Ĳģ
һʱԥˣƬ̺ڨڨһЦǡǷƻڸаɣÿԶĹ¡
΢΢, 㽫ˡһ·ĵ˳ϵıԺǰ, ѾʼȺǰһ񣺡¡
һ, 뵽ɱԼ仨ˮ, ɵһ, δ
ٳٵȲӦƿ, ľɨһۣմźһ¡
յһɫӣĵü䣬мҹӵķ緶ֻǡôֿʼˣ
Ϊ۵壬Լ׺˽ڣɵһԡҲʳŻѹסЩǻˣҪѿˡ
¡һֱԼ⽥ĺˡ
ĬƬ̣Ϊϲִ磿
Ϊϲش
Цˣʱ˵ϲˣ㴩⸱ӣ֪ĻΪȥˡ
һ£üͷ΢ֲϲˣ
ʹδϲԼϲִ磬ƫƫҪϣֱɱˡ
ĬƬ̣ɫ΢µɿɲ˵ġ
ĸɣˣԭλŹӣһÿԼԳӵųɡƶ࣬ĸ볯Ϊٺ˿𣬱㽫Լ˰뱲ӵĽˣθųɴϣϣЩơ
ʵЩʵڴֲڣЩҵ׵ģѾ߶мųТ˳մϣҲܵ˸ĳЦҲΪʵڿȥ䣬ԶסЩ˵졣
û뵽¾ˣóɡЦǰͿʼˣѲǸʱˣԹôģ
ɨһϵĽΣ۵¶һ˿мֻ˵ÿû˵Ҳÿ
˾ƺλҪÿЩ
Ǹӣʲôɱȵġ
üͷ𣺡µ˼ǣһЩҺÿˣ
ǰ볯±㿪ʼ֣ǵʲôģ
΢΢һ˲䵭û뵽³ղô۹Ҳˡ

⻰еɱˣԭͻͷϣֻʱΪİ¸ˣû뵽ͻȻ𡣲ͻȻ𣬻ǡǡ
ͬ˵ˣҲĬֻǱժˡϵοٵҲȡͼȥЩ߰Ķ˲߹˲١
һۣɵһʾԼĲм
һ·Եĵ˹ſڣһȻŽ泯֡
ֱӣ뵽ǻʹͷǻϵߣ㻹ǸӵĽֵ˹ȥ
Ĵ΢΢һ㻡ȣͬһߡųĬһ·ѾòˣٿģѹʧԣµǸ±ˡ
ЦһԸ
ֻȰȴӹȥôҶУڹﻹЩñ˿ˣƽױǡ
бһۣʱ֪ˣ
ЦһЦܱˡ˵ţ˿ڣ͵͵һ¡
ָ޼룬⻮ʱüʶһӾһ㣬òЩˡߵÿЩһ롣
£ȵҡ̧Χ̿˹
һҧߵ࣬ѹֵ㣬֣ȥͰƤ
ֻҪ²һƤʲôɫ
⧲۾Ĭһ˲յպ׼ٸ¥ЩѧЩʲô߰ģ
ַθ
ǡ
˵Ż㵽Ǭ幬УźŹѾˣмλ̫Ҳڡ˺Цݣǰ񣬼λ̫æȵķ·ԼŮһ㡣
ĿżΧм䣬۵¶һ˿飬ֻǻͷϼŵĮ۾һҲѸ
̫˻ʽ㣬޶ˡŰ治ٵ
̫̫֮ЦЦ˵Цˣҵ˻ϣǰЩ̫ŻϢãͷֻǻδü׸ϡ
ɫ˲٣չأû̫Ǽ֪λ̫ۻʽ㣬ǰǼ
ǻ̫˵һ䣬ſκͦΣģΣǸ˵ģȲȻʳޣƷû˵ȻݵЩҲʲô
ʡ
һֱŹƲƲ죬áҲ֪ɨһۡ
ɨһۣޱϲģ˵ԼļҲû¶˿ɵþ⡣
̫ǳһЦ⵹ûʲôϵٸߣҲ߲ȥ˭ͬףǸˡ
̫˵ġЦסĸ첲
΢΢𣺡̫˵ǡ
̫ƫĻʽ㣬Ȼ˭䲻ϣ޿ɲЩỰˣ˵ſδ໰Ҫ˵ǾȥƫŰɡ
ǡӦһż뿪ˡ
ԲɫɨıӰһۣЦ̫ͬǻҳʱߵŹߣѹһ䣺Ϊ˰
ǿˣɲŹһǰ˳һͺͺó檱𣿡
Ϻõĺ񣬴£ƽҸоôһ֧ƽԼ᲻ôͳɹͺͺˣü
Ź˶٣΢΢ȴ಻м±Ǿųû棬Թڲƭ檵İɣ
ٸҲʶģЦˣȻҪͻңͱˡ
һҪͱˣŹʱһ裺˭Ǹ꾫
˵ʲôһ˲Լˡ
ŹЦһ꾫
ţû


 48 

ƫ֮, ŷвյѾվһӵ
л϶䡣Ӧһ˽Ӱ, ͦε, ȻЩȴҲʧׯ, ʲô
ɨһۣǰ̫ǵû㣬ô, ʲôˣ
һϱɴ, ش𣺡ػϵĻ, ǰСı֦, һӡ
𣿡ʡ
ҡͷأֻ´鵱ʱ಻, ⼸ҩϸţϣʱܵ
˵꣬˼ĿϴΣ㵹ǳ˲١
ϴμʱ, ˽¹ᳯ͢ٷץټʱײΣյüֱӰȥ˷¥, Ҫúѧѧء
ϴ, ûʲôڷ¥ȷʵѧ˲ٶҲʶΪ, ȷʵݹ, Ҳѹֻ
Ҳŭ, ŻὫȥֵطڻʽ֪޵ıⲢ, ôҲδʲô衣ȻĽĹͼԼϡ
񣺡лշ
ˣ޵ʱҲ嶯¾ͲˣŰڰ֣ºŵպһˣҪ϶á
Ǿӣаֲ
֪ӺܵҲ֪Ϊ˾Գؼ𽥷Ż˱飺˱á˵¶յĺš
λϵȺ򣬷·ѾϰһĻƫоƬ̣ȫ㹪˽ϣλ̫Ѿȥˣȥ
֪ˡŵӦһ
ȫˣ˳ƫʱһۣԷæЦЦվ롣
šŲƫ֮ȥˡ
ߣߵſʱͻȻͣ£Ҳ̸ͣˡ
һֱ֪ɽΪˣֻıһ֤ȷ䣬Ҳܱ˼ȥţɽڣҲûաͻȻ
Ĭһ˲ԸżҸ
Ȼͬ˵ˣȻŵģֻȣ佫ôޣټֱĳ֮ףǳöҪˣ˵ſЦһҺúͬʽӣгһ˸뷨˰Ҳûһס
Ҫβ˸ʡ
źЦҡҡͷ̧ȥŵõȳ׽Ⱥ佫߬С
ĿĿȥβޱĸȥ
˵ʱȫ˵ǰ㣬Ѿֻʣ¼ŹˣӭȥʵϿ۸ˣ
֣պ޵Ľ۸ʲôŲá
ٺЦһǿЦԻϲģҲ͵͵ʲŶԡ
ʽ㣬Ǳ߻ˣ޷ġЦų𼸾䣬ɨһۡ
ŹյߣεεϣͱﻰҳˣٹӦѾˣҲýƲɡ
Ӵϣ˵߻ˣôŹҲߵò᣿Ƶʡ
Ź̵һۣԼİΧҵһҡŹ̷˼ŵĸ첲ŵƵǻϹߵģ²⣿
ȷʵ⡣ü
Ź붥죬ȴһЦˣҲ֪ǵ׽ʲôԹӵһʶ㿴˴˲˳ۣ˽³ҲͰˣǵȺǰˣϸǵ
ҡ
֪ˡ
Źߺߵĵ˼һۣЦͷɫĿŶ֮Сһͬʱ˼ΪͬһҲֻ½Ų
ԭ֪ºɫΪֻ˵ɫһŷ֣ԭŮ˳ƯˣҲϲġޱ
бһۣʲô
ûʲôͬĶѡ
һģðȻͬģǱġ
ʲôʡ
ǹЦȴ۵ףĻ϶ͬ˵ʲô
ԳĬˡ
۵һ˿ˣֲͬ죬ܸ˵ʲ
˵һ׵ģгһջỹסĻ
û뵽˵һºʣʲô
ѹס佫ȷȹ̡
˼Ŀ֪⻰Ǻ˼
ҰһڳõģԼҴӵ뷨ӡ̹档
ãĩЦһ˼㾹ֱ˵ˡ
£ķպֻܸ빲¹ص£
ָʶţ˼ʲôϷᵽ̸ģȴôһ䡣
˼Ƭ̣ʵ벻ɴҲˣţֻҪͷⱲӶˣεĿס޷ֵκαˡ
˾ĸڼŵĲߣ˼ڷɢʱͻȻϵĲʣǵҲͺˡ
бһ۵ϵĲ˵ģڻʹ˵ֻҲ±ͷ
˵ģ²ˣ֪𴽽ǡ
һôˡ
ŲλѾ֮׷һ֮ˡ
ΪڣջЩŲż佫䣬ҲǲʹֱܿĳȥˡյĹֻ߸źŹű뿪ˣһĳ佫
Ҳ߰ɡһˣҲѹ
ĿһɵĹ׳˹ӣնе͵µĻ¼ȻѾˣպԼˣҾһ
ܺȾơͷ۵
׳ʱˣ£ְûⶼҪţ
ûţĲܺȾơüһƾͱһÿζҪ˲֪߳ܣöأǲͷȾơ
׳֣ɴ಻ͬ˵ˣתͷӲӶҰɣ
Ӹ߽񣬲ϴӶֺγǵӡһ佫ͷ
׳ЦһҲǣҲ䡭
û˵꣬һɫ糣Ҹˣ⡣
׳һʼƾûȣǳųģһˣʱЩɵۡ
׳عָһپһպҪԵºãǸ۸£ǲŹġ
һκ꣬һ˲עѹǶԱʧ񣬱ɶ㲻
¡ס֡
һ˲Ҫ˵ʲôͿߵ׳ߣžƱȡ
׳

һֱ֪˾ƻһֻһ£ȴˣ֮⣬ˡ
׳ͻȻһͬ顣


 49 

ʱ, ˱͸˿˿⣬ƹѲ󲿷ֹԱ, ֹ֮ǰҪɢ, ֻ׳һ࣬Щͷ
Ӿһ, һһֻƨһ粽, ֱ˦˦
, 㵽ʲô׳Щ, һֱ, ˺Ⱦƶˡ
׳һڣ͵͵ֵĴǶ˾, ֪λӦֻĿĿ׳Ļش𣺡˺Ⱦơ
ǷŲѾȹˣ׳ŭ
˿䣬Ʊ롣
׳
Ƭ̣׳ȷв, Ŀ£ܲܰߣ
ͬ˵ˣǲܺȾƵ, Ҫ, ֪ˣϯϿϷ
׳п಻ְ֪ôˣ˵˶, ݺݵľ, , ҿɲûкٸ, ϸҶ㲻
ޱĿв˵ƺûá׳Ҳһ٣ֻٴ£ְ֪ˣ°߰ɡ
ûǸ£ֻʣһֻͷβֻͬȾƣҪߣҲǲġڵ
׳ۣǵ²ô֪
ģһ
ͷûһ£Ȼ涢׳𴽽ǣ˵˰ɣǲᡭ
û˵꣬Ѿ˾Ʊޱߵߣʱס䣬úõ·ճһ塣һֱ͵Ĵжһ˿ȣȻû뵽ô
ֹû뵽Ҳû뵽һʱûзӦ
£ؼҡһ仰
̽ľˣ
Ŀһ˲ȷûѡ
£㲻˵𣿱ְôͦģ׳û˸ƨ棬̷·ŲΪ˿ְЦԹⲻϽߵİɣ
еɨһۣŵû룬ȻˣǱǰԩˣ
ְС֮ģˡ׳˵һۣ̽˾䣬ְͻȻл£ȸˡ
˵Ͷżƽսõ佫ʹʹɫһ˺ı뿪ˡ׳ˣʶҪȥֻθһֱ㸲һºͷ
£ˡ
һ˲ܾŴƺίȻ׳һȺˣɸлв˵ģ߶ƮƺڴʲôɲǰĬƬ̺ȻˣҲ߰ɡ
ؼ𣿡ʡ
΢΢ףţؼҡ
áӦһ֣һͬȥ
һ뿪㾲һ˴ƽ⡢ƺҲǰ㲻ϲ°
֮أп߼˵
䣬˷ˣƽ֮ҲͰˣ־ˣôҲٰ֮ɣ
ڿʼǲԸ۵Ķһ˯ˣ߽ţ˯ֱһ١
׻ûţһֱû˼гȽԼͻسȥ
һֱûѣҲýֻͣضֻ˯ǡ
ǰӭӵķԣ˵¶湻ĵġ
Զ˷һۣˣôɾ裬ҳ
ʲô˼Ʋ̫
ǳЦһ㲻ضֻ֪û븮֮ǰҪϸС
ƶãͻȻʣµ˼ǣ⼸մĺöǼٵģ
ôɡ˵ͥԺߡ
ƼæϣԽԽòԣǵ£ĺֻǼٵģΪһնڱԺޣ
һģЩƼæס
һСӣЩʲô
üֻǲõֻеǷӣΪһҪأ
ԵĿһۣܲ˵ԼǱ˰ɣź˵ĹţȻδԹģɵԣģ׾Ͳ׹ѣȻζᣬҲʵûҪǿԼܾ
Ҳֻڴ֮ǰڻ󡭡ϲԼĴе뷨
ô˵Ƽ̲סһ䡣
һԴ¶˵ˣ˵ձ㾶ֱԼ޷ȥˣ⼸룬˵æûȥĵš
ǡӦһ
Ȼˣưռ˵ǲߣ֮ÿһնɡ
֪ȥգ㰾˱˼ʱ䡣
ϲҹƼԺſӭ
ޱĿһ̧ۣűߣæȥϵģҪȥģ
Ժ絭
㶣Ҫȥ
ߵ¡ɨһۡ
üҲ˵ԺǱߵūҲͨ籨ţʱܷĻ㡣
Ա߿ĵȰȴһҲֱȥǣƥϱ˳Ƹںͷһɵͺְɣǳûܰ㣡
·ʲôûȥ˱Ժһ㳯סԺȥˡ
Ժţ䵭ˣʱΪ£
ߵǰֱֱĳ¡üʲô
ְǰӶеӴ˲С˹˱ְһΡ絭
ĿΪͻȻǸ
Ϊְ⼸ͨһ£ְͣбպ˳ʩСƱְԲ˶ߣ൱̹ϣֻܷãɱְԴ˲ܱ£µİΣܸ𡣡
΢ɫ㵹ǻΪ¿ǡ
ְǵµģȻҪΪ¿ǡ紹⼸ԽԽ֣Լµ𣬸˵ϲôǶҪ£ҪǵµİΣ
УǲϲԺ͵ǿҲԶ
Ժﾲ֪˶ãڣش⡣
˵紹
˼Ķһ֮ռѣΪһֱ¡
΢Ȼû뵽Ĭһ˲ش𣺡ģǺ¸ˡ
𰸣۵һ˿һ̱ˣڶ⣬½ĺæ
磺Ȼһֱ˼Ҳ֪⼸ն£һʱ䲻֪ôش
ԥ۾֪ˡ


 50 

뿪, ȥʱյ˸׵ţһʱ䵢, ȵдʱ, ɫѾˣ˼Ƭ, ٹȥ
Ȼûпˡ
Ź֣ĬƬ̺ʣλʲôģ
ӵĻ, ū澶˷Ź֮, ̵ӹصġһλڵ
ɫȵʱ, ұʱҸ빬, ѧĹѧᣬͲͶλˡ
, ūǼȻȻҲҲӣ˵˻ҵĹأд鵱յں, ūҲҪ̹ӵġһλΪࡣ
ɨ˶һۣǰ£ɡ
λֶһۣǰһ, ЦǺǵ빫, һأȴӡݡѧ𡣡
һ, һ֣Źǵģ
˼, Ҳǻϵ˼ֵ
ĿĿŶ, ֱ˿óһѧλּ, ɵһſŶԷ
ŹҪǺúλδүɴδ˵λүƢΣڵǼ򵥼һ棬ܸоĹ¸ߣô
ȻҲˣǻǲҲӵġ˶һѣֲԸǰһӣ˵ѧĹѾѧᣬʾһΣ
䵭ĿһۣҲһ飬·֮ʼձֱͦÿһλ̵ǵ֣Ҳ֪ôӺδָ
ֻӲͷƤӣŵĹ֮ƺЩԣٹһΣūǺúơ
ޱһ飬üӷ̫Щūûп壬һ顣
Ƥʱһ˿飬ֳ˸֮ϵةӣͷ˿͸֮
ֵ˲䱻ȥ첻˵ˣֻ͵͵ƶ֡޷ֻӲͷƤӻǲҪΪūˣЩѧãūҲЩȥǣǻصˣǻϺ͹᲻ˡ
ûϺ͹ѹԼҲ˿ŭֻǵ˵һ䣺Ǿλʾһ顣
ˡ
ĿϺ͹̵ңʾϣ
ûûУū澾͸ʾһ顣æ
һ𡣡
λֶһֻۣһͬʼʾֻһֻһ仰û壬
λ֣
˵ǰ㣬Ǹ̵صģʾҲʲô˵ֻҧһ߰˱֮˶ЩһιЩûվ
λҪ̣ǻعǡ
ֶһĺվȶҪˣæӵĹѧüãūҲûʲôɽ̵ˣͻع
ڱԺЪţٻȥɡ˵꣬ת޷
Ǳһ䣬ʱ뿪̫ЩǱҲýڱԺһͲͬˣʱֻ˵һֱڽ̵Ҳ˵͸Ի룬ʱҲûɲ¡
ǲšֲ˰Ѻɵøпһ䡣
̾ϢһϽȥϢˡ
Ϊλû뿪ûȥѰֻٹȥ˭֪һˣȴһ֮͡
ū澷֮ǰԻ顣˴
ޱĿˣ
ū澽չʮ˵ЩľͶ࣬ʲôףҲܼʱ֣ĶֵĹŮͻȻͺӷģūտ˲ٴͼźù
̲סһ¡
УǷ㶪ʰϷƵĻΪȣôԻ鹬Ůȥ
˵ǴǰıҪ̡ƻش
ݳǰᰲŹŮԻ飬ӿŻᰲŴ飬ԻĹŮҲΪͨ
ȻݳԽҲֻмһ¸ϵü˵ǰӦҲѾԹˣԭΪûԻһˣû뵽Ȼǰˡ
һ뵽ŮĪŹֲġ
£һҪԻ𣿡ü
бһۣкβף
Ҳûʲôһ븮Ѿˣٴһֱͨˣ˵˾׸׸ҵġߺߵ
΢΢ףҪ˵һҵ¶֪޶ٻˣм¶Ȼٵ糯ȥˣź˵ıҲԡ
ȿȿȡһСӣ֪ô£ۡ
ͷ֮£ǱԻˡ
ţȥһˣѹŮͻȥŹ𣬱˵ͻġԲĶӣŤͷԷƵ
ƶ˶٣²Թȥ
ȥʲôֱӰ߾ǡ⼸һֱڸУҲȥ
Ӧһ뿪ˡһɫе򣬳ٵķǷ̳ҧˡ
ЦһеĻҳ޷ˣǷŪû˵ˣǰ׼õԡͰУˮӽʱһ۾
˿̵һͷڷһľţޱ߷˿䣬ɰ׵ļˮݵ÷죬̵ͦıСɵĺ촽续ʫòƷˡ
裬һֻͻȻļϣ΢ź򡣡
Ȼֻȴûͣµ˼¸ȥһ£ס֣
¡ӱסȫȻ϶Ūʪˡ
üͷ۾ô͵
ҵ¸״ġ
˶٣Իһ±Ѿ֪ҲзȥǹŮˣ㲻֪
ôл¡ļιϡ
Ƶ𲱾Ѻһ£ݳԻĹأҲǰذ£񱾹Ѿзƽˣ㻹ʲô
¿֪ŹĹŮѾʮࣿʡ
һ£ʲô
ʮĹѸһһŮĶӱһҪϼꡣޱ
ʱˣΪλڹﵱ
˵ǰЩӸձŹѡ빬ģרΪҵͨҸġ
ԽԽ΢һƯҪŤŤˣƵ棬ˮȵˣЦЦɡ
̲ۡסˣԡͰЦû֦ҲŹ̫ˣ̫˹
Цһ룬ЦˣΪ潫ˣֻһԡͰ



 51 

һͰˮϴûʣͰ, ϴüⱲӶԡˡ
а¾ҪˣͲְٰ£ָͷ̧, ƾԼ˸, Ȼûͷһɵϡ
£ȥô᲻֣
նȥԱҪδҲ̫Щһ, ڵķӣȥ, ͲҪˡ
뵽̷, еЦⲻɵõЩ, Ƭ֮ŻǷ, ÿ춼Ҫô͸ˣ
˵նһ£Ŀ͵ĿСͬ, Ů֮䱾͸ˡ
⻹ûгףӶ뵽ˣǻű۾ҿɲʲôޡ
޸ĸ֮, лξͲˣ˵˶٣Īǵ²ͬҽ飿
۾ʲôЦ, ɻ, ôܲ飿ô󾢰ŪΪĲ˳ô
ĿŻЩ, һ£ʱ, ˯ɡ
Щȥ, ˿, ׼ˡ˵ʱͶҪŲˡ
ḧĺ󱳣ǵ»ȥ𣿡
û˵ɻǰ治𣿡ͷĽպ룬;ɡ
΢عǻǲҪˣ˵һ£һ䣬Ұ²¿ɻң
šѾ˵ʲôˣӦһ˺ξ
΢Ҳű۾
ʱѾˣϻúܣźѾߺɢʲôʱˣ
Ѿʱ˵¡Ѿ߷
ĿһۣɨһðĶ˶ٺʣʲô
ص£ҩѾߴ
˶٣֮ıĹЧֱӳƺΪҩµҲ˳ƺΪʲôûзԸ£һ
ĬƬ̣ߵʱˣ
صµĻûšѾ߻ش
Щ΢֪ģ
շеĶЩ󡣡Ѿߺش

޷ͻȻļžƬ֮ޱ飺ҩ
ǡѾæ˫ַϡ
һҧгݵԱԺӼǿǷˣͰ˸ȥ
ǣ¡
յĿѾ뿪׼ˣͽٰ˺ݺһ١
Ȼȴûиᣬ뿪֮󣬲ûˣƺĿʼַ
ľ⣬ܾʲôıԼűԺеūŶЩһֱʵŷ
ŴԽԽһڱ˴æˡǰ˵һн񲿣ΪԼհþͺãͷͬ飬С¶Ҫͬ˵һ顣
մһ۾æһֱæϲŵϢ۵üմţ޲òˡ
һæʮգɻˡ
ǰһ֮ͬţﶼǾģ˵ĳơ
ЦЦͼǸЩҾҪˣʲôҲ˵伪黰ϲһ¡
򴽣ЩʧԭΪ³ɻˣ³˻ңˣȴû뵽ֻһƾίˡ
ݶ˳ţպҲ;ԵģҲ˵ίο
һвģҪиѵµһ۵İɣ
˵껹ͬĿ֮ɨϣ˵ǰɣ
˶٣£պ󶼲˵
Ϊʲôƺ档
翴˼һֻۣҪһֱ¾ͺã¶νȻ˳ţպǳˣԵ²ãֻҪһ£Ҿɱ
ճɻ飬ǷҪɱ𣿡
ĺ˿û˵ҲƲƲ죬ͷԼļȡбһۣʼղ֮
أҲҪһɨ𣿡˵仰ʱѾϣˡ
֮Ƭ̣ʣ֮ͬ󣬵»𣿡
û뵽ʣ㶺ش𣺡˵ϸˣᰲġ
ҲǺõģ֮ǳЦһѣˣ֮͹ص»֮ϲԸƽ˳Զ
ЦãۿȴЩˣˡô˵úĺشһ㣬ʱ򲻸ףҰͷͬ𣿡
֮ЦЦҲźһǾ¶ǣӶ˲٣ոæǼҪϵģĪ˿ӡ
·ģְĽ
΢΢ףͬǳЩƣ޷ȥѾģΪȵҹȴΪʱ˳꣬ͻȻ
ҹ΢紵ҶԶеȵ΢ƮƮģ޷ʱĸо
£ū澷ɡѾߵǵ
ڰ֣أԼߣˡ
ѾӦһüͷͣˡ
ڸɢ˰춼ûͷʶۡжͥԺеľͻȻ˽Щľ͹Ȼʡ
ȻʱǺ޲ýȫµĺö͸ԼãڼʶĻУѡ׵ܵܣֻΪպܻΪպٳһ
ֻϧͼŶȻʣǵĸס
ȥ۽ǵһᣬƽļɢߵһƫԺıԺʱͻȻͣ˽Ų
ԺӣΪ׼סմɣ㽫֮ⷽأֻһү
ҵġ䣬۵һ˿ɱ֮⡣
һǴȣǰԼ׷ᣬȷʵţкԼԼ·Ҳ޿ɺǣҲγҲͰˣƫƫôߣظǰ·
ǰǵ飬ʹĥˣػһôܻԸ
ĿűԺţúת뿪ȴһȵĻ
ꡣѹ
Ĭһ˲ʱģ
ôڴ˴ʡ
ƽճɻ飬Щ˯ţԳɢߵ˴ˡ
ǰÿУǴ߾˴ƽնûʲôˣſʱΪǿˡ
ﴽǣһҪͬ룬һ㱻ס˫ۡ
±𶯣ͷ𣬡ǰ˵֮ǰ˼棬𶯣ȻѾ˵£ֻҪûң㲻档
һ˲㻹
˶٣ˡ

Ƭ֮Ȼûзſ˼򴽵ˡ
͵»޷Ӧ
㲻ñ㣬ͱȥ
𴽽ǣ۾תԼļߡ
ֻ񾭣ĬԵͬһ޷ߣ·ūͣеɻ󣬼ĪֶĸоܲôͻȻҲˣಽĸֻ֣Сѧһ㣬ӱϸķĸ첲
ò׻ص޷ϽҪȥȴס˸첲ſ
ߣõʡ
Ƭ̣£վҪ𣿡
ڳʲô裿Ѿ˼ޡ
ſĸ첲Цһû£ֻǶԸóЩʵˡ
΢תȥԭվĵطѾտյˡ


 52 

ҹ, ݻƫ֮ѵ֣ʮŮΧڴߣ, ʲôõһ㡣վſ, һƿһǲ鿴һڱϼ¼ʲô
˶æ, ˵ĲĶܴҴңֻнǾֹ, ˽ߵĺɫ, һճݵ, һ˫ѥ, һ֮ѹţ֪Ҫʲôˡ
Ŀ, ֻѳ죬￴ܶһüͷһƬհףôҲ벻, ֱߵŮСֹһ䣺ǰ˵ûԳôôȫˣ
ʶŤͷϣһŮƿ˱, ¶һŻҰܿݻƵ͵ػ, ͻȻԼʲôطˡ
ȻεǰεĻ֮, ǡסһ, һν߼, Ÿһƣޱϲ, ˲²
ƫԽԽ࣬ȴ￴һۣ˼һ˲֪ǿԼ
𴽽ߵߣ˳ϿϢԼ󣬲ɵüһЦȻû˸ҩȴʵʵڴǰģ˿ɻˣ
۽һ˲ȻĿʬס
ҲĸȤĿţŮٽԼϵÿһ˿ڶ¼ڲʱͻȻξδҲ̫ʵЩֱһ
ŮæµãŵǰˣϵѾǼ¼µĲӣ˹Ŀ
ԲãǱ֮ǰˣһֱԱĻԹޣܴĸǶ˵ɱ֣ôܽʬĲӽ
ȻĻŮģֻǱϹϾĳȥҲɫĽ˹ȥһ
СС˿ڣʮĺ΢
ŮӦһε˿ڵĻ̶ָȣӦòһŪģ˿ڶǽ˺ѣȥЩˡ
𣿡ͻȻʡ
էһΪԼģϸһֿԼôԼġ
ȻŮ̻֮ش𣺡˿ڶɼǣȻ۵ġְ볤ûйչĹŮѯʣ֪ۣˡӦԼģְɵ˶Եụ̀ԼҪС
Թ𴽽ǣĳ´ʻ⣬ȻûãֻԼġ
Ůͬʱһ٣һӦüͷ
Ȿӱٻ٣һݡƽĿŮ١
Ů˺þãЩΪѵڹء
ڹأҲ󲻹Ļϣִ뽫Ȿȥٲ㣬ֻǻǶŭҲ㡣ޱĴĻ
Ů죬ð츩񣺡л㣬ְȥһݲӡ˵գת뿪ˡ
ŮٵӰʧŷĿ˿ֻ죬Ǳˡ
ôҲ·һԲƴһϼˮȴû뵽ǰܸͼŵǿȨ
ԽԽֱҪԼֱӴﴩȫֺʱͻȻһС̫ˣһ¿ȥֻЩ졣
С̫һѪ˵ʱϢ
Ƭ̣ŷֱ֮ǰʱź̫࡭ˣ֮ǰͬʱ˵С̫ԲѷƺԼѵš
뵽ͳȥ
ǣ̽ˡ
Ŀ̫౻Զ۵һ˿мαʱԵýĻˣɷŻһʱȴ˿ûԥġ
̫ˣڹʵ뵽ǰҲϼţһ֤ٴġ
ݺݵĿһۣתߣδԼԶ۽΢΢˺졣
ߵ⣬ߵģͻȻһ󴵴죬ʹԸ۾
£ˣϽϴūҪΪױˡѾ߼е
˯ѵӻЩٶۣɻĿΪҪױ磿
ûţѾߺЦĿĴϲѽ
һ㶣еļ䶼ӿĬƬ̺һĴ壬ŭһǸ˵
Ѿһôˣ
£һ˵Ρ޺޵ͷĴǷꡣ
ѾЦ¿μͬүˣ±£ζǷģμܣ˵պɪٰüء
бһۣ˵ô༪黰ӱƭ
ҵĵ£ʲô֮˵ǸϽɡѾߴߴ١
ﻹŻڻĳ嶯ˣ侲Ƭ̺ϵվѾ룬ܿӺݷĴ¡
վͭǰѾæµžзòԼſƬ̺ͻȻ촽ԭΪξҲɢòˡ
ǰļź㽫ҹΣѾŪҲ䵽־ء
һ㣬ʵ̫ÿˣū澶ΪױӰ˵µòѾ߸п
ЦһͷɣǻӳҲǺÿġ仰ҲԿ䣬ֻȷʵ泯ŨױĨʵˡ
ѾҲЦˣ˵ǣôÿ
һȺ˵˵ЦЦģ㽫ױ涼ˣֶžգߣһƿŷƱֻȻѾȵ̫ˡ
ððʧʧġü
Цüۣ¿ǳˣƶ˰ˡ
ʱ磬ʲôһͥԺеϷ̨ӣоͷҪˡ
ʼ磺ʱˣѾڳˣһкöͷԽԽ࣬»ǶЩϽȥ밲ɡ
ֻҹҲûʲôֻͷԽԽ࣬һð̿ʲôģΣյĻǵ¡
ĵǣҪ޷һЦҲȵңҪôˣ
һ£֮ʧЦ߸ʲôõȵġͷβֻⳡ£סıûʲô׵ĸо
²ңҾֻԼˣ֮˵ţӻͳһӣȥϼһϰףó֮ǰҪͽӣʾ˳裬÷Сơ
Ҳµû׸ɣѲ׸ҲҪӣЦá
֮𴽽ǣɫǳǳȻҪ͡
һ£ͷϵӣԵùأҲЩˡϵЦ⵭ЩƬ̺¹ЦݣȻҪͣǾͱֻʲôӣ䱦Ҳ͵Σ
̰ᣬϽ߰ɣ𵢸ʱ֮ЦõĴߴ١
ǳЦӦһڷƵĲװεϲǰһͥԺеĴ˵ɻĸо


 53 

ݳڹɻڹرͲ, ϼʵ⣬ʵȨ볯ãһԼĸۡͷ, ԭĹֻܰһٸġ
Ĺ, Ǵӹгޣӵó, ȴǲͬȴӱԺ, ӵ֮ѲһȦ, ȥݼżڳ, ֱڹ֮, һͬص͡
ʱѾͷˣú, ĴŻ˴컨ƵĳˡΧ۵İǶʼкã˵Ķ˵ż黰, һƬϲ
ͷӲĹ΢΢𣺡͡
ǣӦһͷ, ʮū˰źӳ, ǰ׼õĻɺͭǮŰȥ
ΪϲǮеϰ, ɺͭǮ˺ͷ, ûʲôͷͷ, ֻǾŻͦʵݣ񲿶һ̡ȻҲû뵽, ĴϾȻõЩʱ
ڸͷϣһƬгԼһԶüһ顣
ܿ쵽ǰһֱЦһ䣺үǰͷ·ɡ
ĳһۣʼûбƿ˼򴽺ǰͷһ·Űʮ˻˵ɣÿһͻӲĻ
ǺԣȻһֱ뼾ͬɻ飬͵͵ƿһǣͷ˸ϲ󣬶ʱҲŸ£յ̫ˣϽʤ̻سûôˡ
ɲȽϣЦĿһۣϽʤǳе£ǼöˣҲôˣҳɻ鲻ͬҲôһ˵ݳаնûɻ飬ʶһµҲ
˵еҲܷϰΪϲ£Ż³ɻġƲ
룺ǵҲǡǷǰǽʱǵˣ趼ûԸ⿴˵ֻǳɻˣôˣҲǰǽնĹ۲٣ŻԸ
ȻƲϲò˵ºɻǶԵģЩȥϣ˵ЩԶǼٵģĵ¶Ȼ壬Ż᲻ݣ˵˶٣һǲϲԺҲϲ
ûϲϣеķơ
ƺٺһЦֺõķһŸ㣺£Ե㶫Ӱɣʽûնˡ
һ۸㣬ôȤ̫ˣⶫЩ壬ûбĳʳ𣿡
ƶ˶٣ƽ϶ǷŸ㣬ҲûбĶ
̾ȷʵЩĶӣˣˡ
ǲԣ̫һɹǸܲסƿޱߵĺһʱ䵣
΢΢ҡͷǿԼȥֻԼܣ˰ɡ
ֻ÷и㣬Ӱȷ硣
ͷıҲòˣСĿռȡĻ߰˲㣬Լʵʵͷʪ͸ˣ滹Բֻ֣һأԷꡣ
ƿܣԼҲżˬΪҲˣٱЩ˿˶֪ŪЩ֪ʱͻȻͣƶʱ꣺ϽѲǣͻȻͣʲô
䣬һϤ𣺡£ȣӦҲƵģЩ⣬Цɡ
һ£ʾÿ㿴ͷؾĳϣﻹͰĴ磬ɵü
ūݵǲ˴֮ãδ˷飬ֻˣˡ˵ű㽫Ͱൽϣսū׼ģ˵ǽȣڴ˴Ÿ͡
˼Ŀǰϡջǵһμ˴ϲ۵ü续һͦΣڸͷʱмɵĸо
Ҵˣ·£ס˼ӵߡ
û뵽ͦܵһȴҲû˵ġʧˣôãôѲǶܰѵȻ
ˣĺˣҲûǰôˣ´һ㣬һں򴽡
ôˣæʡ
£ܾһһ㡣
ԸϽһ鳢һûлǾòԣǲҪˣóԻ˶ӡ
ţи仰ˣȥǳӡĵ
ЩɣǻѲأҲڵţʱȥԣǲǲ̫ã
ʲôֲȥֻҪ·ȵ˼ȥֻѲǵģ׷ͺˡĶ
һҲǣ̽Ը֮˱ǰȥˣѻʱĴ΢΢𣬰ӦһеµžǣһΪԵġ
ǡ
뿪֮ѲǶǰͷȻҪһ·ȥʱͻȻ˼С
ʱҲŪϵĻûͷһϣûñ˳ʳ
ƿһ۸ļ嶹С⽣ɵüͷˣ˵Ҫǳ𣿡
үĻү˵û˰ǳЩ򵥵ľͺá˹
Ʋѵô
ƺ֪ôش̽ǰĴ˵ү˵ˣµǳӣֻ
ǲ⣿ŤͷѾˣɵö˶٣ºóô
ζпɣҲɡ˵ţҲһ˫ӡ
ѶʱѾѲǽŻʹȥˡ
ڳ֮󣬱û˰գߵһࣺ£Ա𣿡
շ¿ӵļһ٣ţˡ
ûӣ𣿡ʡ
һ˲ǵûС
ûͺã𴽽ǣı𣿲ĻٽЩ
ģ㲻ֱӴӹͰǣûҪŪɢش
ӦһͻȻʣϵĻĻɫƺҵĲͬ
Ůб𣬻ɫǲͬ˵ŻüͷѾרܹΪЩϻ
ǡش
˵ʲô
㲻˵ˣ֪˶ãǳ˵һ䣺ߵ£ˡ
һֱûķ㶣žһ𾪡
ʮ򶨣֪ˣλȥ
۵һЦ⣬ŻԼλá
֮󣬷ƻЩ££ʲôʱϲģԼȻһ㶼֪
ϲңޱ飬ҫԼڷ¥ѧĶѡ
ƣ


 54 

ͣ˹ſ, ߵǰ֣¡
ÿִ, ַ, Ĳ°ءʱѾ󿪣ɫ̺Ӵǽһ·, ͷվ, ֮ǰߡ
ΧĽ, һ·ǰ, һκ˺һ, ôˣ
ԣ۵һ˿Ц⣺ֻղ, պ󲻹ܵҪ˺󼸲Ҷµġֻн죬ͬһߡ
õĿһۣҲûΪСͣ, ǼߡȥݼţͬһȥȻ㣬Ȼʵλ, һֱƽļۿںˡ
ػһ, Ҳûɸ׵ԸΪһѡֻΪԼ, ̫Ҫ, 벽ΪӪ, õĶΪУһߵܺλá
Ĺ, ĲԺ̽֡ȳȥɣͬȻʵ˵˵
Ĭһ˲վοļ֮뿪ˡż״Ȱʽ㣬֪˼Ȼʣ޺γǣֻ˼ʱȻʿҲ᲻ˡ
ƽ˵꣬ŻڣȻԸҽܶ˺պܻĻȥ񿴵Ҷ˼ңԸǰദھȪ֮Ҳܰ˰ɡ
ϵЦһ˲̾һϲӣ˵Щʲô
ﴽǣ˵ǡ
ˣҲȥʽȻ˵˵Ǳȥˡ˵ת뿪ˣһ˹ڵڡ
󣬿վţ㳯˹ȥ񣺡ϡ
ƽɡһ¡
վ»û
ţÿ˴Ǽģڹڣ治̾һ
ͬȻʸŮҲ⡣
ɲǣЦһȻʽ㣬Σ֮ʻΪǣһУТΪ꣬Ϊľǲʽޣʱ޿ﶼֹסķᡣ
˵ƺʶ˲ף򴽺
δ䣺ȻʶԵºãǶԹŮֺãԻȴиµֺãϣǸۻЩ
ôǳһЦҪ˵ʱѾӵڳˡ
żʱ˻⣺߰ɣ̫ǻڵȣҲùȥˡ
ǡЦ˸ǰ¶Ѿߡ
Ŀһۣڼת͵͵סָ˶٣Ҳû˦֡
һ˺ƺƵϲߣոȻϹ㣬˿ЩĲɣȳ׻عʱѾ˷޶԰һ
޶԰ݣ飬Ǳķˡ
Ŀδ΢΢Ķ˾䣺
סֱһ²ŷӦֻǲһˣѾ˽ĵز
ʽ߳ĽУܹ뿪ʹˣͬһߣҲͬڹһֱͬͣ͵ǰͣ£˼ٺ档
ʽ㣬ЩذɡŻ
ӦһתߣֻǸͣۿĻͷԼŵܵܡ
ԴӼŵǻ⻹һƺĿڶʱһۡһĸױһȻͨܺãǺⱲӶ
ʽ㣬ɻ㲻ˣ֪𣿡ŶݵԱߵŹѾۿǿűһмģ
ǷȻλǰļ˿̱鵭ģƺ޵Ĳ»һ㡣
ŵ˵ͷӦϣպһϴĸˡ
ʧЦҲϴĸĴʡ
ҲЦһһҪˣûϺȻʲġ
ܰЩǵҲûĻ£ЦЦߴ٣ˣʱˣϽȥɡ
ǡӦһͷߡ
תĹ͸ˣɵôס۵׵Ц⡣
󣬷һǵʣ£㻹ðɣôͻȻˣ
װġĿһۡ
һ˲ΪʲôҪװҿϻͦܵġ
Ҳһ󣬸λΣͷЩӴҺãΪҷСһҲˣֶ֣Ҳġ
ǰⶼóѪᾭ顣
Ʋ⣺ɻϲֻĵ𣿺ʱҪԵ¶ˣ
ҳ¶ʱ򡣡ЦһһѷƵ
ʦȻڴ򣬴ӹߵ·Ȼ֣ȴ׷ˣֻ뾡ȥЪš
ȻȻ˸УȻһѵ£ĿѣѾˣӦȴǶ㲻ȥġͬһ˰ھƵͥԺμĳ佫̲סЦһ
ȥд佫ĳ𣬡˵ɨһۣȾƣԼ¡
ţȡ
΢΢ףҪ̧뿪ͻȻס¡
ţͷ
ĿƬ֮ͻȻʣ㣬Ըԭ𣿡
˾βſڣʲô£
һȻ¡ĿĿ
˼ĿȻŵģ㲻˵Ҳ֪αٸ߱
ΪͬһӵķޣԱԵ̹ϡش
ЦЦˣǱ˵ɡ
ɡҲЩˡҹһֻһΣɨˡ
Ӧһȥ佫ѶӦ꣬ˬƵӣһʱЩΣҲǰȥȰתȥĳС
һӦϣͿͣһ޷ǰȼգż
ҹˣͷԽԽϲ۵ᣬָʶţվſȥ
үȥδźСæǰʡ
һ£½պ̫ľƣٳûлӦʲôطȥ
һֱ˸ţүǱˣ˵ϾͻˡСȰ
΢Ƭ̺ҪȥֻǸһߵſڣһѾ߱˹æ
ϳǼѾߣüͷʣأ
ϢѾ
Ա齥ɸȹѾ
ѾȹˡѾС
ʣͶ𣿡
ǣˡѾ߼ش
΢΢ףˣûԵˣںδȥ
¡Ѿֹ͸顣
һ٣ģ
Ƕ˵ͲˡѾӲͷƤ
ԭȵ죬˵ͻȻըףŴЯХ


 55 

ըһ, ſڴϺߺʣôˡ
ˣ֮ģһʱЩ, , Ĳȥ𣿡
۾ҲЩѣ㲻Ҷ̫ô, Ҳȥ˻ã
Ǻã˻, ֮ǰ, ߰˲Զ, ô˵, ҲǵµĶҹƻû, ûȻȥ
Ȼ۾ȴû뵽һ죬֮ȰȥǶͲҽȥ, պ͸벻
Ҫˣһ˼ϣһ, 벻, ֮ºƽԶһʱʲôã
΢΢һ, ۾û㡣
Ŷ֮ü
𴽽, »ָֻĲ
֮Ŀ, Ƭ֮һЦҲգȻ²ȥ, Ǿɣȥƫ˯һ
˸Ƿĺ˼ռȵ°ɣȥƫ
֮˶٣һѾӲҪˣͲҪٻҵƫ˰ɡ
ҵôģ޷ãҡһ
֮ʧЦ¿ڿ𣿿ҪЩˮ
šʮγףִӦ굽ϣ۵ÿͷǷģͺķپ
֮˱ˮַһ׷ۣ͵ߣӹһ룬ֻ̧֮ˣֱӵ֮ϣúõʪһƬ
㡭֮ʮΡ
ڨڨһЦµԼǷƣٲҪɾѵһ١
֮Ȼһ취ûУֻĿԼۡ
æϽϸͷȥ
֮򴽣ܣ˼󱳶ԼˣֶϺŲĿ½ۻˣǾЪϢɣҾͲˡ
ӦһĿȥˡ
֮մ޷ҪƫȥʱԺſͻȻһüͣվ޷ſԴ
껹£ģķ꣬˵߽֮ͥԺУ¹ڲ֮һ
֮ѾµˣվҲ⣬ֻƽһ䣺ɫˣүڷЪţʲô
أĮʡ
֮ǹһ㻡ȣЦȴ۵ףѾˡ
µúˣûдɡһϲ۳ʪ͸ˮ˳µΣȴΪ¸ߵʣһҲԲǱ
ˣϴ˵طߡޱ˵̧֮꣬޷ߡ
ߵʱ֮סģǺЩƣҲԼĶ֪үǻȥɡ
۵һ˿壬һҪδͻȻ֣޷ǰ
ҲҪң硣
ûʲôְ˵ֻҪһְһղ㣬˿ְڣѾЪϢүȥɡ
ҪߡȻִ֡
֮һӼȻҪµķһʼ֪¾ֻһ˲𣿡
۵꺮˫нճȭҲĬս˵һʱ˼¡
ʲôأ޷Ŵ򿪣˳˵߶ʱõ򴽣Χʲôý˯á
֮һֻۣվԭأĿĶż
ɫδ䣬̧ͷ㲻úЪţʲô
ƽƺϳʲô˿ľţǶȻһ㡣
ðβʣ治֪ʲôģ
һ£Ѿѵû˵ȥ
˵ˣɫĮԵ»֮ҹƶͬҺȣֱڱ˷У
鶼ѾˣҲݹóɹˣһˮѣֵɫ͸Ųͣɨ֮һۣ֮תˡ
ָģȴ侲¾ãֻһˮ£
Ȼأʣͣһ£ִЩˣ֮һ仰˵öԣͬԵŮӣⱲֻһˣͬǰ֪˲𣿡
ֻһ仰Ҳ˵
ϲ񣬺ʲôίһ㣬˿̲˵ˣɴŤͷҪ޷δתס
৵һͣ˾ֻһĵطವ˵һ䣺ſ¡
ֻûֻż˰ͻȻʲô˵һ䣺ΪҪףͬ¿ʼ
ɫ¿ʼˣɷˣô¿ʼ
۵һ˿ʹɫμɬڣҿԽбˣٽգøһ𡣡
Ļ䣬δ˵֮Ѿˣﻹһơ
ɨһۣյ֮ͬһƣĶ˵ǰ
ƽĿһֱ֣޷ΪûȣھѾˣҸϽ꣬󱾹Ϣ
ĻĵһһµĴϣֱѪѪģҲܲʹ
ջǷſüΪƽ¼ȻȣǾͲҪˡ
˵תУģӰԼļƺ񣬲۾궼ͦεģΨǰĸȥʱŵͳ㲡
ӣʱˡ
£ȥȥɡ֮ڡ
񣬴ҪҸУȻˣ͸š˵ձ˷УɵĽŹˡ
翴֮Ĭκʣôŵ²ˡ
ܸ˲Ź֮֡򴽣ҲתƫиӲ⣬üͷ޷ǰŻ˶ӵȣ˲ֻʣһˡ
صº󣬷ȥ˯ţȫ뿪ʱıӰһ߸ԼⶼͼԼıӦһ̲סﲻͬԺֵһҹû˯
ͬû˯һ·ȼյһһҹ߷ǰף΢΢ɡ
˵»֮ҹȼһҹ˱᳤þõһȼһҹ˵ͼҲиý
ʲôʹһһվǰһڣͨһ˵ϡ


 56 

˲ǿ˯ȥ, ˯¾ͱѾ߻ˣ۾˭±, üͷһ䣺ʲô£
, ү˸Ȼ赹ˡѾߵǵ
͵ΪʲôȣǶԣһӦˡ
үŻϲ, Ӧ֮ûлŷүѾ˸, ӦҲ, ūһ, Ҫȥ𣿡Ѿʡ
, ĬƬ̺£Ͳȥˣȥ汾ŵ, ˣ߱һ
ȥѽѾЩ⡣
ʵķüͷ۾ȥ
ǡѾæӦһǺñ֮ת뿪ˡ
Ѿ֮, Ȼӻۣȴް˯⣬˰춼û˯, ɴķҵ
һֱʱֲ, ۾һ仰ǣأ
źС˴
ĬƬ̣û
С˲֪, Լ, һ˲û, ߵɶһֱڣҪūŽ𣿡
ɫı۾ء
, СӦһεүҩһֱڻţԹҩ˯ɡ
·˯һ㣬Сһʱ֮Щò׼û䷢ȻԼ󣬲ǲ׼ҩˡСԥһ£ת޷
ôˣ֮ſŵѾʡ
С̾үѾˣֻǲϳҩǺãȻδȫȥǲҩջô죿
뷨ӣܲȰҩȥ¡Ѿ˵ҴȥҼˡ
ϳҩüͷɵԼģûر£ȻϳҩǾͱˣȻˣʹӱסȥΪ׼õƫԺɡ
ǡѾӦһȥĿˡ
ҪԼʱһֱ޲üͻȻһ˿Ƭ̺ѾߣҪ¡
үЪŰɣӺ֮ټҲ١ѾίȰ˵
ԵʣƤһִİף۾ֺڳģڷɫԱȣΪĳһִ֡
Ƭ̣Ȼֻһ䣺Ҫ¡
ѾЩΪѣĬƬ̺Сĵǡūȥͬ˵һ˵ûзԣȥݻˡ
һ˵Ҫܾ̾ˡѾֻٴλصԺ¸һĹѾ˺üˣܵһǺȶЩӲˡ
ĻڲˣȥҼֻһһȰ޷ֹ
ߵ֮ԺſںͻȻסҲӲֻüƽվż
¼һʱ֪ˣֻ̬ȼûгȥԼܲ뿪
ͷпգŲҰײҰ׵ɫ籩˿ȡգȵĸоӴĺϻ£ɫ԰ס
Ƭ̺ڿ˵һ䣺үȥϢɣȵڣ²㣬ǲ㡣
ȥл˵΢ΣʱҪµĸо
һ£ûнȥ˼
Ȼִֵվԭأ·Ҫȵĵһ㣬֪ܿˡүȵµ¡
ƴС͵͵ﵽ֮סƫһ֮ʣ磬ôˣ¾Ȼһ㶼
·Ͽ˵ˣ˸Ȼ赹£ûгҩôͷվţվپЩվûˡ
֮⣬ɫĿһۣ֪֪Ȼʲôõ˲£²Żֹ˶⡣
ŵ˵ˣȻǲôϲģϲˣôڴ̫վţһĪǵºףûа˽ģ
֮зִ磬ҾͲزˡ
Ƶ˵ͷҪ˵֮ı˶٣ôҲˣ
ûвˣ֮˵ſ⣬ƫӿбȴܿԺſڣԼվԺſڵֻǵ͹һʱЩ鷳
͹ô͹ˣɻ
֮ԽԽȵƬ̺Цһƣǻá
䣬֤뷨һ㣬ͷٴεأԱС˵һ޷ͻȻˣһ̼˳Ը˽д
Ժſһʱ伫Ϊָֻ֣ܿƽ֮ſ˵ͥŤͷƣЩãȻ󣬶ʱЩŭ䲻ʲôãɵһ
ڿҶ𣿡ʡ
֮
Ժ޷С
ҵĴлûժ£ϵȼֻʣСأÿһװζ͸»ĸоȴ
˱ûߣֻ赹ǰʩ룬һ߾һ߻ٿһȴ˵ȶȥ˴˶ࡣ
޷ڵԶϽ뿪ˣҲߣϵͻȻĽһ˶٣
δѣŻһֻʶģ˻ԡȥҩ㰲Եţ֪ſ˯ˡ
ͷпգȥԺ˯ţѲֱ͵ؾѡ
£ˣʡ
ĿųǰˣʶѾѺ̽ҩˡ
ûоܾҩԹԵһſڣ˵лҪ˵ʲô£
¶𣿡ʡ
˶٣˵Ļ
Űɣ˵·ûĻֻԹԵ˵š
üͷƬ̺˳ʳҲһûгԶˣǰһֱ·񣬵ҲöͻȻѣʱо
ȳʳͷԼķճ˼˶ɨһۣͷԣֻԱΪˣһֱԵò˲ſʼš
һһĬķѾǽʰˣŲڿ˵˰ɡ
Ŀ۵̫ิӵ˿˼Ƭ̣ûпڵ˼ǵڱĸɾˣһ˦תҪ뿪
ԭΪ²δͬһһͻȻڣһҹŷԼ͹˵¡
Ѿߵſڵļ͵ͣ£𴽽ǿŽߵż۵ȻһƬĮ˵Ļȴ⣺ү˵ʲôôأ


 57 

ûֱӳ, ҲֻƽϸҲǵ͹, ֻҲŻ, ڵ¶ԴסҵֶΣԼл, Թ¡
ת۵һ˿ûǰһ, ų, ϶رʧɣ
ȻѾ˵, Ҳûʲôöŵ, ϵҲãٶٷȥαװ
ͬ, Ƭ֮󻺻ԭ¾볤Ϊǰ·
ѵ𣿡ſʡ
Ĭãǹһ˿Ц˵ǣ¿Ҳ˰ɡ
ǰ, ţЦЦôأ, Ҳ, ˳ţͬ;Ե, гһƽ, Ҳ볯Ϊ١
µԸ볯Ϊ٣ʡ
, ٿȻЦԸ⣬㵱ȻԸ, 㴦Ļǵ뱾ĸۡͼʲô
ͼ㡣Ŀ
ı鵭˵ĺſھֻϧѷǽȣڶˡ
ʵаԣ׺䡣ԥķġ
ʵĻظһ飬һĪػһͻȻ˱ĺãͬһԶˣ
зζŨȴ⣬ֻƽĻشһ䣺ͻȻ
ţ۲תɨһۡ
õ£ȵҪһЩ
һ£ЦˣǱȱøûߣֻѻ˵ˣ
µһμңʮҵһμ£ȴǸ֮ǰһϦҹʮģȴ꺢ͯһվϳǺ«Ϊݡ
һĻԼʮ꣬ȷʵϦҹ͵ȥҲȷʵȥᡣ
޷ﾲƬ̣Żڣ˼ǣһμԱһˣ
µʱĴΪ·ˣŷֲѰóԵģΪδڵ߿ˣһС£һֱ㣬ûлش⣬𴽽ԹԵ˵ʱڳӣܳԵúܣһдͷԵβǺ«˳ӡ嶹֡
ͣû˵ЩüϡȻѾǵõʱʲôһ˵ЩʳܾǵԼԵģ㻹ûлش𡣡
üۺ˳ЩʱؼңһĹʧˣ֮󷭱ǣδҵˣΪԵټû뵽֮Ҹ빬ּ㡣
Ȼûֱӻش⣬Ҳֱ˵ûʲôֱˣվˣ˸վţô˵һֱϲΪǶԱ
ΪҪģ²ϸʲô
üҪʲô
һһޣһաĿһһ
ǴЦΪˣԸҪҲίôִ뿪볯Ϊ٣Ҳɰ
ǣҲȫǣĿ̶ƿҵ뿪һǲⱲӶֻµ̷ҪȨƣҪܽȢŵȨƣΪ̫λϣĴΣգϣгһܰﵽ¡
ֻϧһĳްֱȨȻıԣҲסŵɱ⡣
Ц󣺡ô˵㻹ǴΪˣΪޣҩͱ·
ҩ޶ͻȻ
һ£˵ʲô
ҩ޶ҩͨ˹ˣߣٽǰ׼õʬ廻ѣһѻƫ£΢΢ЩˣҶƻˣֻһ
һĶλʣȱֱӸ˵߾ǣֺαضһٵҩ
ûˣµ̷Ҳûˣµʱа˼ʡ
ԳĬˡʱȷʵûţ㼾ŷŹҲҪԼȥ
Ȼ־ôߣֻô²ߣȴǳһߺҲŷ֣νİǶõĶƽ׵ô꣬µסҺҲһΣֲȱ
ָԼѣĬúŵĹ˹ƣ²˿ϷѰһ΢һЩ¾ˡ
Ҳڱ¡
ЦһЦⲻ۵ףó֤
ǰ֮£ôó֤ݣɫ΢΢
û֤ݣֻƾһ죬ñţ
Ҫβңʡ
ϵЦӵޣޱĿⱲӣǶ㡣
ĺᶯ˶ƺ˵ʲôʲôû˵
ת뿪һһ˵ձȥƫԺպûбķԸ뿪ԺӰ벽㲻ñǾͱһЩƫԺһӣ˵һǰ˵Щ
˵ʱѾɢ˷Щˡãɫ԰׵뿪Ļ鷿
һֱߵǰԺͣ£һ˵Щ̲ס꣬ٿԺӵĺ첼Щ˳ˣüͷԸСˣЩ첼ˣѸڻָԭȵӣٰۡ
ǡСæӦһ
ǽ첼泩Щ˺ȾȥˣһֱҹŻһͷڴֱ˯ˡ
֪ǲЩѻӰ죬һ˹ǰΣε＾ű뽫꣬ȴȰˣΪĹ°ˡ
Ѱ˷ˮشĹȴǰһʬ͵˳һؤʬ塣
ǵöŻɳȱ£ۿѾʬظУʱԼĴϡ֪׻δãͿΪʬһϮ£ԼҲ˺ɫӡ
˶٣ͻȻһֹŹֵĸоɣ
ðͷͻȻڣ֪ڡ
һ㶣һӦڸԼ˵ϸ۾ȴֻǶԼʬ΢΢Ҫǰһ̽ͿԼĴ
ǰǣݳеˣʬѾϻЩطѾˣµȥ죬ǼԼҲ̲סһġ
θ﷭ʱλ˻Ҳˣأڷ˳
㶣͵˹
Լ޷еĴᣣ侲ãоԼǷħˣȻζó


 58 

ֻһĳ, Ƥ˲ˣϽ𴲴޷ȥǹһĻ
ĵ, ķԸ, ԺийصװζˣҲȥƫԺ, էһⳤͬû
࣬ϷƱȥˡ
, ȥİƺʡ
ֻ, Ҳ֪ȥ, ˼úȥ׳ϰ, Ⱦȥ
ǣ¡Ӧһ, Ը˳ȥˡ
׳ϢЩȣæͷһӣʣ½ղøһͬȥôôܵˣ
Ϳ棬ղǻŵʱ, Ǵˡ˳һ䣬׳̾ˡ
ЦͬһԺߣһһߵ׸, ŲŵҲؽ, ⼸ΪŻڵùǺѾ˻ϵĶ׼, Ъȥ
Ҳ, ¾ܺúЪЪˡº͵
׳˵ͷû, һЪˡ
˵Żһͬǰ˱˳ȥ, סҲ˵˵ɣҲԲŵġ
ЦȾƣ˵µˡ
ҲһҪȾƵġЦ׳ȾҲΪ˴ʱ䣬ģȾҲǿԵġ
׳ԸϽ´ԲӣòһˣְǲЩƣдܣ
бһۣдܣԼȣ
ˣŵµ棬͸ɡ׳ڨڨ
һҲ֪˭ͷҺȾƣԼȳһС
Ҵ֮ǻͷȾôͷȣҲͬһ𣬵ÿζһĴ϶ٷ׳ֺõȥ˵ӡ
ΪڣһʱЩֵĵһۡ
Ƿ޶˰죬ͻȻһĽǷ򸾶˸á
УͱЦˣЩ˼»Ϸ޵Ҫˡ
ЦЦ»˷࣬ȴ˭ǸߵϷһģ˵Ƿ޶㻥ˡ
һ㶣Ťͷ׳½ţȥԸһǶӼˣٰصľڳ³ʡ
ϣǵ·ģȥתһȦ׳˵ˡ
ЦĿ뿪ſˣ֧ʲô˵
Ҳûʲôʣ˵¿ɴˣʡ
һ£ǰ֪ʱִ֧УʱΪ˲¶ݣ⽫˵˺꾫
˿𣬼ǳһЦ˰뷨ӣѾˡ
ǾͺãҲͷˡǳһЦЩԥĿ
ʧЦ˵ʲôֱ˵ǣԱͬĹϵʵûҪǡ
Էſģһ䣺ǵ³׵ĵգ˵Ǹ͵ʱôͻȻпҽȾˣ
Ϊͬˣü
Ц̾һͬãȻģŵµģ͵Ϲģ͸ɡ
Цһİɣûܡ
棿׷ʣȻ̫š
Ӧһ档
ǵ·ΪͻȻ˵ɥʲô»Ϸ޵ģһָ
û뵽Լһ仰ô˼һʱЩЦãֻܷѾͬͣ˰֮ûгˡ
ûܾͺãҲͷˣյʱҲΣʱ³λЩóԵġ
ðпʱݷáӦʲôʱпգǾͲȷˡ
Ų뿪֮ǲظȥϽһֱϲŻȥջظײ׼뿪Ĵ
μ¡׺Ӵ
һ£εģ
ǡ
򴽼ߣͣŤͷĲˣ
үӽʣùҩ֮õòˣֻٺҩͻˡش
΢΢ףаʱҩ
ص£෽ʹԺźСˣС˵үÿҩǰʱԵġ
䵭Ӧһţ֪ˣذɡ
ǡ
ƽ͵ſڣۻϼ£ҪȥƫԺô
ȥƫԺʲôֵĿһۡ
ƶ˶٣Ҫȥ
û˵Ѿôٿ˵ֱӻ޷ˣ̰û˯úܣԡֱ֮˯ˡ
˯úܳ˯ûúԼҪѵĸоʮֻôҲˡǰʧǶʱ䣬һֱһʶ֪ԼסˣһʱҲôżֻǳѹ
ŶʱͻȻо߶һӰһʶ뿴ʲôȻζˣһʱ伱óһĺ
֪˶ãоһҪô尾ʱļͻȻһֻǽڷ֣ϵ¶ȸ´ݵϣ˼尾Ĵϸȥס֡
뿪˵Ȼȴûʱ֪Լûѡֻסֺ󣬱û˱ĶͻȻһֻ֣µĽϵĿӡ
ѽ⿪֮ǰ˲һĸоԷָԼĦȡȷ
һɻԲûڵļ㱻ҧסˣϤԷѩɽľϢʲôãͻȻѹ
ټ޷ڣֻһˡ
ͷԼ£ֿӶ۵úúõģûһ⿪зôʵĸоֻΣ
пգ֪Ѿ˿ʱ򣬳ͥԺڹҵĵϨһ룬ֻһͥԺԵЩˡ
֮ˣڸǰ˸쵽ԼԺʱɨһӰüͷȵʲôˣ
䣬ǵӰߵ˵£֮Է˭΢ʱˣүôû˯
˯ţߡ
֮𴽽ǣүԺԽʰģȻҵԶЩȴģүպ˯ţԼԺߣҪˡ
۵׷·꺮˪˵Ļȴƽ޲ȥ޹ء
֮ЦһǸ޹أɵ²ϲұֻˣˡ
ĿƬ֮ޱʱ仹»ϲġ
˵ü뿪ˣ֮üͷ˼ĿıӰһ̧ۣŻԼıԺ


 59 

ڳǰ, ȥҼŸյļ٣»ķϱˣ⼸ĵ, ͻȻȥϳ, ΪҲȥ, ֻϽУ֮ϽҲˡ
Ͳȥ𣿣Ͻ໿޵С, ŭˡ
ڨڨһЦԼҪ޵, ɲ۸
, ΪβڼҴ, ҸϻʲôϽ˵˵Сȥˡ
ֱ᣺ʦ, ôûùΪҲܼҵˣ
㶮ʲôϽһۣСӲˣͰѺӷŵ, ȺԶ˲ŵδɣ쵰, ȵտʼ̹, ٺúʰ
Լʰĳɵһ, ͻȻЩͬСӡ
ҿҲĵú, ȥУ, ôôˣ̫ƽӹ̫, һĶƤˡϽУɵһ
Ŀһۣôȥ
ҵȥǽǲȥˣϽɨһۣҲȥˣҲ׼⼸ҪŲ͡
ɻ󣺡ΪΣ
ǰղ֪ģͻȻҴ˿ͣطãҵʱƲؾˣ˭֪һˣִҪһȥϽ£üͷ
ɫ΢ɵǰâּȻҲˣֻ̽ĳ֮͢±ˣôͻȻҪس֣
֪Ϊڲ֪뷨֮ǰҾƲŲ⼸վȥɣûŪϵ뷨֮ǰǣϲʲô¡Ͻ
Ĭһ˲ʦⲻΪߣĽڰɣ
䣬žͰһһˣֱϽ˾ŭʦôִң
Ҵľ˻ģӺͷ㾹㴧ӣϽŭ
ƲƲ죺һһӣҵȻʣǴ󲻾֪𣿡
ʦҲǸ󲻾ˣϽЦ
һ˵ߵߣʦ⼸նСģʲô£ǧҪ˸ңĪҪһӡ
Ǳҽ̵ģ벻ӣܺõȥϽ죬ȴǰࡣ
ЦЦҲǣʦˣɻҪҵģǵġ
ˣ֪ˡϽͷĴ뿪
ܸʱ򣬻磬￴ͷĽУһ᲻ӡ
£ǻظ𣿡ʡ
ҡͷȥ
ǲլס˰ôЩӶģԸڴվҲϻȥЩ⡣
ЩӲڼҴţȷʵΪܴסƫԺһӶܲؼֻҪһ뵽ڸסţþܡ
Ĭã̾ǲȥȥУһɣЩûиһپƺȡ
ǡӦһУȥˡ
У֮Ǽ˼ν˽һ½Уȥ˿±ѵΣһж֮󣬲ʵҪ£ҽ˶ʶ֣ˣ
Ż緢Ĳνˣͷ赶Ūǹɣɶʶ־͸ҪһŵµĻѧ㣬ʱһã㶼иˡ
һõĶûУü
ν˶٣ǵǣʮСѧõԭҲڼģ˵ʵ£ܽ鵹Ҳ̸ֻֽ˭Ҳ֪ˮƽˡ
Ե˵ͷ˵Ҳе
̫ƽ˻ûˣְǳȥȴʵĵطҲνǳ̾ԭΪɽģû뵽վȻҲΪȶˡ
ɨһۣصǰ£һڽվǰ˫̲סķ࣬˵
ӪﾲãŻȻҲʵĵطǾУΣ
µ˼ǣһæ
𴽽ǣҲţŪУԱߵĺɽΪأʿΪʮСӣǼԹԱĴͷΪӪֻʣһСʱٴԼĽǶȴսҲʵսˡ
ɱνˡ
һۣôܣȻǼٵġ
ԣÿСӶЩϣȾɫΪҪ̴ɽ˳ӳɼϡһϸڡ
ͷǼõķӡ
һֽˬʴЦǵ£ÿУܽ£պҪС
ǳˣҪʲô䲻ӰɣˣǸˣ
ͻȻѵڽ
Ƕһ٣Ӳĸ֮ŸģǺһٴơ
һֱҹŽѾε·ˣƽŵĽϣȱ˵˾仰û壬ɵʵ˵ʲô
¥ֹ֡
㶺һʱЦãǲˣѾǸˣ
ȫû˵ʲôֻԺһ
ε̾гظˡڿ˵·ϣܿص˸Уûгͣ£һ·ȥƫԺſڡ
ʱһԺоѹʯ·һ£ƽ̧ͷԺſڣֻƷļЩˤ
㻹ǿʲôϽţƼŲɵյǵŲ͵¹
΢ƺʶǰһвǴ˹ȥӵ˻ôô
ϯ϶˼˵Ҫ㣬ұˣȻɴ˿һ˼ڼϣҴҽȽȥ˰Ѿ
˵ת뿪ˣԺ˲ֻʣ¼ˡ
ȶļû˹ͷһ㣬΢ֻ֣࣬ܽڻģõǻͷ۵ġ
ʵĿЦһʶ㡣
򴽣ҴȥϢ
Ҫͣԭز϶һˣļơ
ɴҲ˵ֱӾҪ˱ԸϽŤºͻȻһθһϣʱĺ󲱾ÿϲûմЩ
ƽʱͿôҲ̶õһĻ̾˹ǹģ㲻׼ˡ
ɨһۣͷ
¹֮ЩͻȻЦˣʶ㣬Ǹϲʬı̬
ƣ۶˼ˣܱô


 60 

ԥҪҪѼߡʱ, ͻȻϣǰණʱȾһ
һû°ɣ᲻źˣôȣ
ˮ, Ҫԡɨ˷һۡ
ƿЩ, ʱЩ飺õ°Ѿˡ
˹ŶԷƵˡ
ҿɸ, ǳ, ǸҶԵ², ǻɱ㡣ƶݺݵв, ˵һͷ뿪
ȫ, ֻǽѾݵߣˡ
ˣٺˡΪǸԼ, ƾˣʼĹϣȫûʶԼжࡣ
΢㵹֪Լˣ
, ٺˣЩ֮
ջ͵ıʱ, ǿסˣ¼Ȼ, ͱˣҴȥ, Ƚˡ
ϻ˯, ûлӦĻ㽫, ϣԼȽϵ, Ȼһûע⣬Ѿʵȥͨһµͷ
źúõı챻Ūֱ࣬ð̺˵·ڵϣ󲽳˹ȥ
ƷҺôࡣҧ˵һ䣬Ӵ󣬰ѵֻʣһ£ȷûණˣһֱֻһְֻѴϵı춼ϵ˵ϡ
˯ֹһ䣬Դֱˡ
ΪһֻίյһֲĻ˲ɢˣٵȵȣɾ˾˯
üͷﲻˡ㰲ˣ˽ʰˣȻһµı죬ϵҲߺˮҲ˹һԡͰˮͷš
£ԡɡ˶뿪󣬲ŲĿڡ
һ¶ûСһ£ŷѾ˯ˡ
£ϴ֮˯ͼѡճһְŪˣǾô˯»᲻
Ȼʼղֻý԰ϴΪ˾ƣԽյˮȣֻµģܿҪ
Ͱԭ˯ŵļһ飬ã۾
£ֻԡ
ĺ촽˶εͷˮУԼһƬ϶ûˣõ۾ѵģ
ţⷺ죬ȴ壬ûв£ֻԡҪѡ
Ϊʲôûѣϡ
΢ţ
ģˣȻˮȣջ糺죬Ϊ˾ƣв˵Ҳģһϴ

޷˲䰲Ƭ֮ʣ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
İľͰԵһ˫ĿʪĿһϴЩˡ
ĺᶯ˶Ĭú΢侲ƣǲѰҡ
ӻѣЩ˵ʲôֻ˫ü΢Ŀ
ֹղպ¶ֻҪȥѰ㣬ᷳĿĻһ𣬴˿ѾȫƽˣҲֻΪˣԸҹԡ
ƺ˵ʲôִֻʣ㲻𣿡˵곯֣ˮлṴ˻ǵ
˫ճȭͷҲ
Ǵ˿̲պҲˡվŲʱЩ
֪˶ã˵һ䣺֪˭𣿡
Ȼ֪촽ӡ
Ŀأ
˵룬ȻˣУˡ
ȭͷͻȻɿˣ֮ϵң㳹ͿˣǵտҪǵãǵҵģҲҪҡ
ʲôڲ⣬ѾԡͰ
ûͷһϣźԼʱżҲһʱƺԼǰ˵һӶҪٸһԡ¡
ԡͰˮܿ˸̺õĴϣϵˮûвɣɵϺܿҲŪʪˣһʪˡ
û£Ҫʪġ
ܾ仰ﲻ̫ԣɾͷʵ벻ͨɴҲͲˣֻǹԹԵļԼˣͲһ䣬ˣҲڱֳԼá
ƫĴ֨֨ѽѽҡãεüƶˣ𽥻ָǺԼ£ΪΣĬƬ̲ǰ£ʱ޿ı۾װԼûѡ
ѾͬΪһ壬糺죬ڣ£ϲ𣿡

ش۵һ˿Ц⣺˵ĻҾ͵ϲˡ
ϲ
Ȼװֻǲ˵ģֻܱ۾ĺ󱳡ֻ죬һЩָƺӡǡ
ĺ󱳴һʹƺһյߣѹ¿㡣
̬
ıѾôˣһ˶˲ٵĺͰ͵ģҲߵ˴£һжԵġ
֪˶ãھСƽ֮󻺻ʣҪˮ𣿡
װ˯
˵𴽽ǡ
޿̵۾ñˣʵ
ǵҪҵģֻ¡ͫڣֻӰ
ҭһ£Ӷˣ˵Ļ𣿡
һԾŶȻش
ЦһӴ봩ѾߣԼʣʲôˣʱյĶͷѽ
ǡһֱſڵѾ̽ͽֵͷҴҳȥˡ
ѣһߴһ˵Ǳȶˣ͵ǱĲǣģպԲ·
˵껰ѾѺҴãߣûԶͱס¡
ʲôüͷ
߬ŵĶ˴
ͷϸԼСºһºˣҪյ˵ҪʱͻȻǸʵΣеʬףҲ֪Сʲô
һޱĳȥС¶Ťͷߡ
¡һνס
ͷָʲô
ҵĴЩɢˣ΢һͻ죬ս˸һŸʵİɡһ



 61 

úõĴΪʲôɢ, ˭Ϊ±ϵƫԺ, ҲȨûС֪ǹô˵, յĵһ뿪ˡ
ĿԶ۵һǳЦ, ʧҲɢˡ
Ժֱ֮ȥԺ, ˴ӱڳѵһͨͷҪ, ãȻ˰㷴ӦǴӾʱ, ʹҪȥδ, ˵ȥ¥ġ
ҭһ£Լ˵ĻЩǲ壺˵
˵һĵ˵ͷ
һ˲, ˣǸǲܵģ˵Ҫȥ¥ȥ¥ǣΪҪ͵Ժ
ƽʱȥ¥, ΪôƾֱӰѵ͹ȥˡ޹
ֱԶԣôҲû뵽, ԼαȥĳԸɾ, ȻΪƹˡ
кβѵǷˣƽѣһʱ
ĵĿһۣպٺ, ˵Ҫ, Ҳ׼ȥ֪𣿡
¿أҲȥ𣿡ʡ
˵, Һʱֹˣ
ҲֻǼѡڨڨһЦ
һǿֻô׼ٰԺ, 𣿡
ǣ֪ˡæӦһ
бһֺۣ뿪ĿߣıӰͻȻЩġ»ʱúõģôģ
ƻصԺѾ߰һ֮ͷ˯һֱ˯Ͳѡ
ǻƵģӶ۵ģѵڼһƵԴϢһ졣
ȵͷ۵ĸо᲻ʱһֹȥˣʱԺɢȴͥԺ˺һˡ
Դ˵֮󣬱ûٴˣɫۣͷһͬɫͦü续˿̾վͥԺУԱߵĳƺʶˣ̧ͷ˹ü΢
¡ڡ
ɨһۣĿбӵĴ뿪ˣҲת뿪ԼƫԺ֮С
һ֮˾ûټˣֱļռڽҪһͬ빬һˣǳɻһ³̡
һ㿪ʼϴˣŪһʱȥ֪ѾԺȴˡ
ڿ졣һűߴ˿һЩõ빬ʱ
ѾǺܿϺױɨ˾ӺݻԼһۣȥˡ
ߵԺſʱһ۱㿴
˼ͬԼϹװɫӣȴֱĸЩϺɫм֮磬ͬǰڳ߼ŵѹȫָо
ĬĽһ飬̧ųȥֵĵһʱ㿴Ŀһֱƶ
˽պΰһ䡣
ƽĺӣ¡
бһۣ㳯ȥˣҪȴ쵽һʱˡ֣Ʋĺһۡ
Ҳζɨһۣ뵽ջҪϣûвӣ˹ȥ
ֻûͶ˵Ŀ⣬ĽȷҪʱͻȻڵڹҪһգͱȥˣһֱͷȡ
ȵӦõġƵ
Ϊĵǰʱﴩ˳ƽվͱȥˣڸждְɣվҪĹˡ
̲סһ˲׻ǲ˵ˣĴǲɫһ㣬ڽ֮ǰֺܿˡ
Ⱥл·ûзҡ
㵱ǸӣƤֻǲ÷ƿյȶѡ
Ҳվˡش
۾һ
û˵꣬죬ľϢȻ۾·ôҡ
۵һ˿ЦȴһҼǵõµϲ£
һ£绹ڣ˵ˣɿĴ£ЩֻҶ֪á
ƺͣ£ʱõĿһۣ֮û˵ˡһ·Եĵ˹ſڣʱ
Ҫˣ»ǶҺЩɣûɡ
һڣ϶Աѵ£
ܵŲţҶԵ¶Ĳ
ɨһֱۣӴˣĬĸȥһͬߡ
ԽűԽ滺Ƚֱ֮۽üҶЦ⣬ٲȻһ»ϲģ
ı仯ԭЩȻƺЩӵǣǣ֣ȼɿˡ
ֵ㡣΢Цҧ
΢ǣ¡
һͬȥ˼ţȥ󹬰ݹ̫ǣһ³̽Ѿŵʱ̫һӲʽƾˣֻʣ¼źڹٳ֡
һѹ˷׷
Ǽ磬ûˣҶؾнЦǺǵ
ЦЦղǸһͬţǸԼ׵ܻܵеһǲн
˵úáųٱæӡ
ƺ󣬹һ⣬Ц˵ղ˳⣬޽ǲúܣʽҲŷÿǼá
ôǳҪ˵ҪһȴǼи
ĬĬһЦ㰲Ľˡʣó𣿡
ζŨУȷʵƷش
˵ͷ˵ˣżһԣȻζá
ͬŹƲƲ죺¶Ǻء
Ȼòײż޵ģҪһЩЦǺǵ˵꣬ס֡
ſյֶһ£Цһԭ˻ʽ㣬Ǳ֮ΪʽҪˣû뵽վҲܿǶģ
ǵöлϴϡЦӯӯ
ЦǺǵĿ֮⼸գоɻã
Բɫһ£΢ػϵĻ´á
Ǿͺã޾ͷˡŵڶ֮תһȦЦһ
ϵĻ飬ȴֻмһ»¶
¶Цⲻ䡣
ĬĬɨһּۣ˿ˣ»ʲô㳢
𴽽ǣȾơ
һ£ȷҪҳ
ǵáʱķ˵Уܾ̾ˡ


 62 

Ź˽, ɵڸ˵ʲôأҲ˵
Ƿ޼һЩ˽ˡ̧ͷ˶ӵ˲, ƺеԷǱ߷ɡ
ֻƬ̱Ա, ŹЦӯӯĿżżδƺЩ, ˵»ϲôͻȻأѲǸźܣ
Щһֱ, Щˡ֪˵ʲô, һסĻ
һָŹʱ, λϲ˵ˡ˲ע, ͵͵ֺһЦҲֻǻһߡ
һĵǹ֮н, һȵʱ򣬴๬ԼסЪˣҲظ˯ֻϧҪڹϲܻȥ, ֻʱȥԭסĹЪš
޾кã˵˵ɣͻʽȥЪšſڵ
һ, ɫĿһ, ȻŹһͬϥӦһ뿪ˡ
ͷףȻ˴, ·ҲǼȵġŹ·, ˭Ҳûȿ˵
쵽ſʱ, ŹɨЩһۣ, Ǵһξ롣
֪˵µĺãζҪЦ˰ɡŹ
ǺЦζҪЦѣնЦġ
ŹЦһǵˮˣҲ͵»ᵱˡ
ôˮˣü
Źɨһۣ˳ֶŮϣֶŮð´ȥ¥ȻȣֶŮǡ
һ£ֶŮ˭ͻȻˣ֣Ǹڷ¥ϵĴҹ㡣
ЦЦǱȥԺ˼ôôͻȻˣ
ȥ˼ˣѾӻ˾ĸۡŹ
һҪ꣬ôͻˣ
Ҳȥʻϣǰ£ݼˣֶŮǶײ䣬ȻҲܱˡŹ
ʧЦľˣҲͬһʶ˵ǿԩˣҪһûСȥȡ
ôҪˣֻҪӣܱףͲءŹ
ε̾û˵Ƿ¥ϰ塢Ҫκ˱Ҳװ׵¡
֮㲻ҪԻǣԭȶ˪ͻȻת̬ȣȻõʲôɵһޱ֪𣿡Ź
Цһģ
ʲôɷĵģ㱻ƭɾҲ¡Źһֺȥˡ
ЦõĸϣʶŤľλˡ
һߣŸƬ̣ͻȻĸĸ׵£ɽ֪𣿡
Ҹ֮ˣɲͬͨţ뿪ʧȥϢҲ֪ˡ
΢΢ףҲ̫ຮҲûʲôµģֻǵײȾþҲǰ취
ӦһֻϧܣҲΪҸ֤ݣֻܿŸĸڱ߾ܿࡣ
Щ֤ˣ˼Ŀ
Ĭһ˲ˣֻûʲôЧ
ż΢΢ɣʱˣʲô֤ݣҲñˣȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
˵ǣֻһ뵽ĸԶڱ߾нƣʵǷŲ¡
Цһ㵹Т˳Ǿ͵ŰɣٹЩʱգʱˣޱ뷨ӽɽٻؾȻܹٸԭְܼžҲǺõġ
лϡл
һ£ɣҲǼˣα˿
϶£ûֻǲ֪α𡣡վ
ЦЦ޵ĻʽһЩǱˣʽðʧᴳʲôպҪʲôõ£ǵǰͬ˵һ´
ǡ
ɨһۣˣʱˣҲˣ°ɡ
ˡ˵˳ȥԭЩ¶ȵ
˯һűоһ⣬ٿͷζѾжˣҲֻʣ£Ӷûڴϣ߻һ̰ȵӡ
ѣɨһʣϸ˵ʲôˣ
ŷŸ˵Ļظһ顣ͣô̹ϣǹƭɣ
˵ľʵ
۵һ˿˭˵Ǽ٣մӹлȥպͰڸдţպʲô磬ҲˣҪθϹᡣ
ûϹᡣƽ𱡱ϡ
ʱõĿʲô
·Ÿճ̰ǻġһ˵һ߽ˣڴЬࡣ
˭Ĵˣ
ǵµĴȻҲҵĴ˵ţ㵽ˡ
һۣΪ̫ȱͬƽϣֻǽϵıˣȻôߣһΰˡ
յµſֱӱ˴Ӷ˻ŭǲǲˣŲűɱ㣡
аɣе˶֪Ƿ򸾲͡ı
һĻѹſ
š
ſˣ糺糺ģһ˫Ѱ۾ŭ⡣
ɫ㡣һʱֻ뵽ʡ
ĺᶯ˶ͣƬ̺ҿɿ㣬ٽӴϡ
ƫ
ǲҾͼ㣬ҪԽϽΪ
Ҫˣƫƫִ򲻹ڱһЭˣſ
ĿƬ̣ɿעͻȻ˹ȥ
۵һ˿ܳܿϱ㴫һۣӽһ˲żĺ󱳡
ݺݵҧһڣŸо˲٣ֱۿ³һ㣬¶ҧĺۼͷӡѾˣ𴽽ǣǰ˵¿Щϲġ
̬
һ㻡ȣùϸĽסͻȻ˵һ䣺㲻ϲģպ͵һʧɡ
һôô֪һһʧ裿
ЦһԼϲ˭ϲ˭͵һԹɡ
ǿδأĿ۵༾³˭ÿ˭бõ¸ˣЩȻ˳ŵ£ȴûõ¸ˡ
ԼбñˣЦˣ˷ŰһӻھȻ˵Щ
𴽽ǣͻȻǰƵõڴϡ
գ˵˵ġѹ
㶣Լ˵ϲӣ˲ˡ


 63 

Ʊ, ô˵ֻҧгݣȴҪ˼ͷźˣҡ
ĿҲͣ, ôͳ˱Ƶˣ
˵Щ뻰, Ųűȥա
ûٶ, ۾ε·Żڻǰҷ޶ͻȻȥ, Ͳ»ϾǱ, պͬҺˣ
㵹ʲô֪ɨһ, Զ˵㡣
ﴽ, ܿͺ˼Ŀô˯ˣ
ȻѾ˯졣Цһ, ̧סıӣüס֣˵һ䣺֡
û˯˯ʲôưʡ
ʼձ۾ҹûô˯
Ϊû˯Ǳűʲô˵𣿡۾
泯, һ̱㽫̽˻뵽ͬһһգЩ˯ˡ
һ˲β˵һ䣺ûûƤˡ
΢΢, ֺܿƽˡĺ, Ҳ֪ĸ첲˯ˡ
, ɢ, ĸ첲Ҳ, һʱ˯óˣʱѾʱ
Ϧµʱ, ۾һ㱣ŤͷһߵλãѾˣҲһ
ǣǱ˵ĽõһԣԼȻȻѵģɲ֪Ϊξ̲ס
ʱſڴ֨ѽһ죬ˣˣ
ޱţûд˼£ȥҪ̶ַЩ飬Ӧϲġ
ƤɨеһۣƷ໹㲻ӹһڡõ̶ɳֳϷۺͱ飬һֱղΪ˯һ˲ɢˡ
һʱҪˣ³ȥ̫ɣһǾͻظ
ɨһۣȥ̫밲ʲô
󹬷ǻвý룬ο̫סҿ㡣
Цһǹ֧ȥһ˵ɣ
Ĭһ˲Щ΢Ķ
ʲô˵ˣ
ǵûУһ˲ֻǾã´˿̺ղ¼ɷĶʸ

ȥ̫ˣֻȥ֮ǰȴȥ˼ţ˵һͬȥ̫£ͬһȥˡ
ûܺͻ϶˵ǲǻͦźģбһۡ
΢΢ףģʸˡ
ñ֣Ͱͷ޿̵˵꣬󲽳̫סȥ
𴽽ǣҲ첽ˣһ൱ʶʱûǼ˵¡˵Ļȴ̫гʱǿ⣺ˣǰ˵뻰ʱ֪Ҫö١
л¿佱
һ͵ڿ佱ɡ
˵Ż󣬵ȼźŹ˶Ҳʼˡ
ȻһղǳԾ˯ɼǾƣۣǰĸ裬ֻЩԼ˯
¿ˣʡ
ǿ񣺡á
̣ˣǻġ˵ţ첲ַֻŵĺ󱳣Щ
ɨһۣû˵
軹ڼһƬ̫ƽòװˣͻȻ𣺡ǰЩ¸£ȥй˽йһ
Ȼȣʱʱһ꣬Ҳû̫ȣϽ껹Ҫȥ𣿡档
Цһ˵ǱҸطЪŶѣֻҲ֪йɵˣ¸¹ȥ᲻Щ
֪ףֱɸȥˡЦ
Цһⲻѯʻʽô
ϵ˼ǣü
źЦʽ»飬Ҳ첻糯Щɵ£ȥйЪգйǷѾơ
ס۵׵⡣
Цӯӯ˵Ƭ̺ӦȻ϶ô˵ˣǳȴ֮ˡ
޸ллʽæǡ˵žоѡ
Ҳ̸žܶЦźһĻ˻ҳʱ˼ˡ
ʼЦţƺڹＫΪˣֻһϵЦ˲䶼ûˡ
ͬлҪ˵ɷȥţ
ɨһۣ߽µľ壬Ƭ֮´һ춯ŻѾȥˣʲô˵ɡ
ǰûйһ¡ĿĿ
δ䣺˵ʲô
һ鶼Ҷı䣬ȻҲͬǰӦԣӦСĲǡɫ΢䡣
˵΢΢һ£Ƭ֮ƽȻ֪ʲôӦԣǾԲӦ䣬Ȼñ뿪߾ˡ
ͬĿһ˱
˵Σ˼Ŀ
Ʋھ
Цһʵõķӱ˵ģֻϧϽѾƲͬ¼Żɡ
²Ը⣿ü
ɨһۣһֱھθжȥйš
Ŀ֮ŵһǾóƲִҪȥҪͬС
㲻˵ҲҪ㣬ŲͻϵĻᡣЦһ
𴽽ǣһȥʰһ£Ҫʱһ
ɢӦһЪˡ
˻ص󣬱ԻԼסΪӻǰһһ磬ȥʱȴҲڣʮֽ
һ̽һ£
Ŀһۣüôˣ
š
һ˲ûøȥ𣿡
ˣֻһ£̷̺ͬһţƺҲûʲôԡ۵Ǽᶨ
ͻȻˣһֱƫԺţǰʲô˵ȵͷˣСûĵĶһٵˣܽ޷Լ
ǵ·Ըүš֮ǳЦ
΢̸֮ʲôԸԸģͬ˵Ϊһ̷򣬻Ǳ˰ɡ
ô˵ģһŭȻֳĬϢסһ㡣
һƬͻȻЩͷۣһֻĵ˵ҳ
̹˳ĸȥˣһͬߵͷüͷʣ㵽ʲô
衣ش
ܾشЩ졣


 64 

Ŀ, ЦˣˣǲǾ̬ǰˣ
, ֻ¸Ҹ, ֤ԼԽΪ档΢ࡣ
䵭أ
һ˲Ѿ
𣺡ô˵Ҫˣ
Ǹ, õµģĿĿ, ǵòµ, ܵõµĳҲǺõġ
, ʲôõ, ۿȰûԼƫԺ, ǰһؼ򱾹㲻
ͬ˵Գҵģǰ, ȴԳƱ¿ͷ˵һ䡣
ľвݺݵһ䣺㲻׼˵ձŤͷãҲûиȥ
ȥº, û, Ͻһ䣺£ˣ
Ӧˡӿʼš
ʣԺ󲻻˰ɣ
ǿ˵׼, ơڵ
ƲƲ, С˵һ䣺ҿɲһԷ
ЦЦ, һӣҪʱһС˽, үͷվš
һ٣ͷ
ǡСӦ
üȥ
ūŷȰˣϡСһΪѡ
õ򴽣һֱĬ֮ɨһۣڿ˵ˣȻԸͷվţǾվŰɣ°ɣ
ǡСӦһ뿪ˡ
üʣʲô˼
ƣõôӦպһšޱ
Էڡ
ƺһۣ˲ʵˡһʱĬֻʣ±յӵ΢죬Ȼ˵˵ڣÿ˶ǵүͷվš
һٷñƽǰӣȼ˳ȥʱ޽ѾʪˣȻȵĲᣬɫ㲻΢΢𣺡¡
Ŀбӵ뿪ˣһ˲Ƭ̺ת뿪ˡ
ƿʪĺ󱳣ԥһֹôͦϲµģ
ЩȷʵԵ»㲻絭
˸˵꣬ͱ֮ζɨһۣʱʶվֱЩ
Щҵ˵˵ҲˣҪǰȥ˵֪𣿡֮
æͷ֮֮һˡ
ޱ顣
бһۣ㲻磿
¡ҿ˵꣬㱧ŵ뿪ˣһ
߼Ա޷Ъű㶣ѾߣȥгЩԵģǼЩȽⶾҩģ
ѾЦӦһ³ɻŴү䵭û뵽ͦ
˭ˣͷĲˣ˾űõİ
Ѿ߼ˣæ뿪ˣһ£̶̵˯˻
ҲôһĹһμ
һεξ޷ֻһ޷й˰ײڴϵʬҲطϵĸó̶ȣȻϴֹ˼ա
ȻԼ壬ɼ̲סŻæ˵ԶЩĵùǺʱͷˣϵТǰݳɷΪӴТĹ񴩵ġ
ǱĥˣȻζó
ֻһТϳһ˿㶣Ƭ֮ૣΪѾˡ
ʲô˼ڸ˵
Ϊ֤Լ뷨ߵǰ۾ǰ˻֣ܿң
ֱֱĿŴϵˣûְߡ
ˣϧҲҪˣ˫ȭڵһ˿ʹ࣬ȴȻ򶨣ˣٲߣһ涼޷㡣
ֿԼʬ壬θʱһ󷭹˵ó棬ΪʲôһʼҪʬ͵ȻʵξһĵòȻ
˼ɢʱѾߵ˴ߣӵһǣ˶Ҫˣһ䣺Ҷˣܱܲôģ
䣬˵ҽأٸʱ䣬£Ҿȥͬᡣ
ͬʲô˼ҪԾˣð뷨͸оһɼ׹У͵۾ðβʶԼ˺ǴڴڵĴ
£ôˣѾæı
˰֣ȺƽȺҧһ䣺û
ص£ѾùˡѾӦһ
˵ͷûˣȥɡ
ǡѾߵǵĿһۣűŤͷ뿪ˡ
ƽʼе£񺮵ͬʱͻȻ֣ԼǰǻὫ¶ˣƫƫ⼸εܽμǵ
ƫƫЩһһ֡
һ㻻·ȥˣһֱʱŻһþͿſڵˣʱƤһôˣ
ҵһͬšº͵
˵˰ɣ׼
˵֮ѾˣĿбӵߵߣ£ͷѾͷˣǾȥɡ
ţӦһſˣûͬһš
˵գתã֮һЦ˵һ䣺ǲ׸ıģүţ簲ִƫԺʱˣ˵ĺãȥƫԺš
²׸ı⣬ΪȰ뿪ޱ顣
֮ǿպҪദķϣȰүһѣԸ⣬ֱǡ
۵һ˿վͥԺš
֮һãһ䣺𣿡
ûС֮ش
ĵ̾
֮˼ĿʵڲţǿаѺȥΣ
ôҲǷޣֵѿҲľܾˡЦܵôģٻԸҲеô˺˭ûô
ܾ֮ᶨҲûٰų⣬Ʊ˵Ҫɣɿ֮ı飬ûҿڡ
һҴűɢˣҲŽ뿪
ÿһʱ䣬վͷȣ綼ò̫ˣ˵ˡȻ˴ȥ˵ʲôԼлǻĵģ˵ΪүȴͬŵȨûС
Ҳʮֱ꣬ȻֲҲ綼Ҳֻͷվš
һ죬ͷ˴ꡣ
յּŻͻȻͺűǵ簵һ
ſһʱЩʳʣ£Ĳ𣿡
ܣŭ
ƶʱ˵ˣô᲻ʱͻȻһһȻعʱѾˡ


 65 

ưô, ѾߵһʱɡҲ˸ʪ͸˵һֱվеˡ
ǲǱӦȥ, պ˵, ±µҲɵվţʡ
Ǹһ㲻ԵĻȣֵͷϣ̫, ϸӡ
Ѿʪ͸ˣյĴ֣ڳ̱̬, ԭȲִЩ, ˲Ҫë, ֱִԵЩˡ
ǵЦ󣺡ҲһͬһŵĻ, ֻҪӦңպᾡԼӡ
, Ƭ֮ЦһǾɣҲʡ˵ҳݲˣͬԷȨү
л¡Ӧһ
һתߣ̸˹ȥȥģ
ط¡²ͣ, Ѿ߱ɡȴֱӾܾˣڴ
Զĸ, , ѹ죬޷, δע⵽˸, ȷӦʱ, Ѿ޷ǰ
ʲôü
ʪ͸ˮ˳µ, ܺڣ˱ϴĺ飬Ǳ£Ҳ͸żֲͬСǼ˿Ҳòȷʵò
ֻϧӲá
ڼ֮㿪ڴͬһš
Ѿ׼ȥˣԸʪȥԾȥűʲôǵ꽽òˣĿһۡ
΢ͬһŵĻᣬ׼Ҳǣ޹أֻҪ͵һɡ
˼ǣպ޷ţҲҪˣ۾
³ߵĴ꣺յЩ䣬¾ȥ£
ٸתƻ⡣΢
Ĭһ˲ֻͬһ𡣡
ЦһݣϣݺݵΪʰ㣿
£Ҳȥܱꡣһ
۾ĻӦžһŹˡǰţЩε̾
ܿͣˣ÷·ղʲôĶû
طʪѶˣֽͰˮԡ֮Żϸѣһʰ׵֮󣬸Ѿʮּȴٳȥš
ҪҪȥʱͻȻ£ڱ㱻ƿˡ
ѵ۾˭׼ˣ
Щʳ˵꣬˽õķˡ
Ͷŵ˵ζɵֱЩȴǲͷҪȥţ˭Ҫһٵģ
ǲȥˣ껹δͣʱұ˸֪ǲصˣҲѾꡣ˵ţǰ֡
㻹ҽ豾ͷ˵Ų˵Ļȴʮֳʵĵǰˡ
˿ӸˣǳһΡ
ţͬĥߴɴͲ˵ˣרѰԼԵĶտһǴ⣬еУ³԰ɡ
һ£Ŀһۺ㿪ʼͷšʱ䣬ÿĸˣֻһ۱ԼУ̧̧۾ͻõĲ͵ߣһٷǱȷƻź
֪źˣͲ飬һ羻ͽ˵ҲɸܹˡĿ̱
δ䣺ҾһӣҸ᲻ãУѾףҵҲ񡣡
ڲмʱΪ΢ɽͬΪ٣Ȼһ̶ϻϧΪΪ֮ףƽطԣӮ룬ȻԼĶϱǵһȣ
Ҳǣ֪ԼĶϱҲŻúܡ
νֻҪƤ񣬶ľͲԼһ뵽ɽгһԼѪģ˲泩ˡ
£ȵɡ˵ţҨһϹ͵ߡ
бһֲۣǲзϡ
źġ
ֺϵǲмһڽԵˡڽι֮Լſʼš
˾䣺治֪ͼʲô
ͼˡ𴽽ǡ
˵ͼ㡯ƨˣû뵽˵û޵ĻźΪҪͼˣⲻǡô
һӷ̵Ļ˵ɵֿʱɵöһ£ʲôҲ˵ˡ
˵ȴҪ˵ģ£һֱãֲǰĹгһջͬǰһϲô
ĬòŵܰЩͬ㰲ദ
ûлش⣬Ҳشûʲôˡ
˾üۺͻϲֵģұ㰲ЩͻݵķΣ
һ˲ͻ˻Ǻεģ
ùţ㽫ˣûõ徻űּˡ
ȸ㣬ûһϲģʱǰЩǳֱʱƫġ֮ǻûһ
еճȭȴʮƽµƫģƫķ
˵أЦЦ
Ƭ̺Ѿָ糣ͬЩ檵ʲô𣿡
ûʲô𣬱ǻŮˣ׸֮ǰѾ֪
ͬձȡʻٵļ΢΢𣺡ֹ׸ǰϱӾѾ֪ˡ
䣬֮˽ʲôϱӣ
û£ͬ˵˵ѡæܡ
˾ָûǷ޶֮˽
֮һ£ɫĿ֪˵ʲô˽
ûʲô޷ǽʲôϹ˵˵գĿһۡ
۵һ˿Ц⣬ɷнµı죬Ե˺ʲôСһ㡣֮΢ͬ˵Ե£Ҳֵһ仰Ҳ˵
ȷƺһǶˣΪţһԲϴֻ´ŻԲá
֣֮Ҳû˵Դϴ󣬱ûƹˣڷƣոǳİûע⣬͵͵һ䣺һΪԷҪġ
Ϊ˳Զٷɹ̫ģ²úֿ𣿡ͬĿһۡ
㵹ͦͬˡ
Ҫͬ˵ʱͻȻ˿㣺ò³
ע˻ֻû˵ʲôȲˡԼŻЩͬû뵽Ÿһ㿪ʼԼĻˡ
¼в˵Ļֻģ
³Ŵźյʮζ̸һ飬ƵĿ
ƽĸº
³ӡ̶
³Ģ
ƣ³Լȣ
ܵҰĳټ𣿡һ
ͷƶһֺۣܿԱݵľʱ֮ڣûԺȥˣţȥ
аһ֮Լ£ԼӦˡ
һ䡣
֮𴽽ǣҴǰ׼һ£ĵˣ±סһҹ
ıֱӺˡ


 66 

æŽԼһѶ, һʱûϸ֮˵ʲôֻǺӦȷӦҪΪʲôʱ, ֮Ѿͬ˵, Ҳûʡ
ޱĵżܾû뵽ܾ, һϰΪӡ
ž
еĿӶˡ
һ£ãȻĿôˣ
û, Ӳʵ, ٻһ˫ͺá
üһֱЩ, δ˵ʵ
ү־, ֮ЦҲ޷, нǮ۳á
ɨ֮һۣ˵ǰܼңĹܼȨǷýˣ
Ҫµġ֮Ц⵭Щ
ɨ˶һۣһ˫, δ׾ݵҪп۵ĵزϽŰɣպʳ޲, Ͳ׼˵, ˵һ£ԼСɽһʳ, ҧһ, , Լ֣Ժ˭׼Ϊвˣ
һ, һ˶˵ˣ㾲ԼǸ˶ļȼи磺԰ɡ
һֱû˵һ£ĿʼԼȡ
ΪʲôңС˵һ䡣
ЦЦΪ㻰ɣղűô˵ģ
ڨڨһЦʱ˵ˣǿһ徻ķ
Ž֮ʱԼ£߰ɡ
áһ£ճ̫ˣҵûȻȥţЪЪ͹ȥͷƵĸճķһѡ
ǵЪЪ֮˵꣬ζĿһۣȻȥš
۵׷·꺮
˺ܿ춼ɢȥˣֻмڡαļɨһۣΪβߣ
ޱĿмֱëʲôֱ˵ǣôűʲô
һҪȥ֮ʡ
ڵȻҪȥġ
ҽҪҪ˵ûǱȥˡһһ
Ļ£ʲô˵ǣȥ
±ȥҵԺ˵Сش
һ£һĿ˴Ϊβ˵
¹ص£ǽЩáص
ô˵齥ΪҪЩķ£
֪ˡ˵
ĿƬ֮𴽽ǣ˰ƭΪģ
²žˡ˵꣬뿪ˡ
û뵽ôˣɾıӰͻȻһֲȷòʲôҪ°ɣ
ʱҡˣֻ־ԼŶô˵ˣָȥǺûӣ
֮£ȥ֮Ժӣֻ֮ͬ˵ʱʼЩĲɡ
֮ԭͷ̶Ӵ³УҪʲôô⸱ģʱЩΣµĻȥˣ
ءڨЦ
֮ЦʣȻܻܲشҷǸ⣿
ŶⰡͷϵĳУĬƬ̺ɫĻɫֲʧȹӦǲģٴȹҲ֪òÿ
װģĸһ𰸣֮ȴ۾£ҷûκ⡣
թң
֮ɨһ£ʱ»úõģ֮㿪ʼĲɣ֮˵ʲôˣ
Ҳû˵ʲôԼѡûȤҪ˵ǰ£֮˸Сѡ
֮Ҳ֪ûУֻǻǵ¶ʲôȤ壿

ǰΣǸɵҲˣ֮һֱǺģǵնЬġ
֮һȤɫɣҽ˽Ƿ͹һߡ
ô鷳ˣֱӻȥͺá˵űվ
֮Ҳȥ͵¡
أԼߡܾ뿪ˣ֮ҴȥıĬƬ̺˼
ɫѾװпգƫԺоҶţһվͥԺУӰ¹ĳʮּįɪ
нŲʱ΢ûŤͷȥʱӦ֮Ⱳֻͬһ£˵
һ²õİǣԸͬ˷ҲҪߣ浱ʱȴֲסͬԼźǲǸϲ֮˵֮ôãѾˣֻǰֲŹȥģ
֪ͬףѾ֮ϲԼ̰ǿƲס۵ƺҰצ˺ҧŵõõȫ´ݻһУҲҪ
㷢ʲôأü飬㶼Ӧüʡ
һʲôҰʲô뷨˲ɢøɸɾٰͣΣʼϸûи£Ҳ֮ǰһ㣬°ġ
㿴ʲôü
񣺡ûȥ֮ǣ
ȥˣճҲ˯ţߡǲԼǳġ
Ĵ΢ֻȥ˲ʱ֮ʲô𣿡
ҲûʲôѡƥѶѣɨһۣʱЩʲôϽ㷽Ҫ˵˵ˣҪȥЪˡ
ʱ磬ȥ˵ɡ
ɻĶƬ֮Цʲô¡
˵գһ޷۵һ˿Ц⣬Ҳ˽ȥһֻż˲䣬߬ĸ첲͵ؽ˻һײһ˲㱻ס˺촽
𾪵۾űһʶԼĵʱյһ˹ȥȴ˳Ʊסȣĵôʱദÿһʮ˽⣬ϲʲôطϲʲôطһ
ɽıûϢӣȱŪʱ̲סҧгݵҪɱ㡣
ĲϲҲ˾ǡ˵ţĬĬ˻
㻹Ǹ𣿡
ǳЦֻҪϲǲ˶ҪԵ»𣿡
˵أա
˿Ѿȴǲµġ
˵ǲ˶԰ɣ
Ҳıһеķӣ»һҾͼòá
ʲôأ
΢Уѹס˾ӣȴǳС˵ȹС
һֵı۾
ֻһҾõһáɤ
գ޲˦뿪ƫƫһ̲ˮ
£һáĵ
һ൱й˵һ䣺ǲź򣬱ұˣ
һ䣺¿ûˡ
˶٣ܵĲΣգȻѾˡ


 67 

, һıӰȻʵ̫ۣԼϴʱ˯, ʱ, Ѿǿʱˡ
յĽѴãǰݺݵڲƭͼı, ˼ʮգʮ֮ڲ׼ڱǰ
²̫, Ŀ, ٹձǰ½, Ͻʱù˴Ͳ, ǼҲϯϣǻɡ
㵹ȫ, ǲһõˣűκβ㣿Цһʱ½ڣǰȻѾ뵽, ²޿֣Ÿ
Ŀ¾ǹģ
ѵǣӸµӡ
ãǵȵҵ˵Ҫȥұ, 񾹻һˡ
ʲôʱ򡭡˵һס, Լȥ֮Ժе¡
ƽĿѲֻһ, ֻǻҪȥǹҹʱ, ٱЩ, ֻҪǰ˵Ҿ͵֪
㵹Ϸճû, ĽԼˣɨһۣŤͷߣֻϧЩԱ˵ãȻ÷˼㷣㳭ʮû֮ǰ
һֵɢȥʱӰѾʧˣڷվƬ̣˳ȥ鷿
ʵ徻գҲնѣ³ǰѾõľ顣
˷Ϊñּд
±ܽõľˣջǷѣߵϽʱ˵óش
ɨһۣﾡáȻЩ̣ǽõľϸۺãַŵ˹ӵߴⶫЩʲô
ձǰ½ˣ´ôʡ
ڵڲЩһͬøűãҪȥȾƣͲˡԭǸȥүţװװģԼҲôֻȥ׳ˡ
ճʱҲ˳һ̰ɣҪȥ˷¥
һ£ɻĿȥ¥ʲô
Բ֮գĸڳرȻңӦþŵˣȥ¥ȡһ¡ش
΢֮Ǵô߱ˣ
Ը⣬һܽż£պʲôԲ£Խϡ̹
ŽζʲôζһҵУĺһҶ
ҷ޺ТøĸİΣЦǳʮȷԼᱳѡ
ĿǵεĸǽƺһѺۣһʱбơһջ˼˵һ䣺˵˵˭᣿ǵÿû
ңԻż㡣
۾Ƭ̣ƭ
ɵ´áһ
һ㵱ңΪչˣκβ㡣
֪´δңȻ鲻
΢΢һЦ֪ǸмǰڹµģʹûԵĳ·ǣһ˽ʮĹ̫࣬רŸЩ빬С
ı΢
Ȼһƣһֻһ

вˣʱˬ첻٣㽫ˡ
ת۱㵽˵ڶգ㵽˼ԺеȺûҲˣüͷſʲô
ո˵ˣǽһȥ˵국ɨһۣ˵ˣҪڸж飬ظš
ܣȥĶǴҵġ̷
Ҳͬ磬ֻûʲô˵˾䣺͵Űɣ֮Ѿ֪ˣ㲻Ҳ¡
Ƽô˵һʱûˣһʱʱֻҪһͲٴ£͸ˡ
ʱ޷ﴫ΢춯ȻѾˡŤͷߣȼʱѾӰӶˡ
һţ㿴ͥԺֻһʶȥѰƣ߽һסߣƷһ˵һ𣬱Ťͷˡ
ˣЩȣš
ǲͬŻ˰ɡ治ɫ
ɨһۣǲˣ
ϲңŶǶðֹϵ̸ʲôǲǡ
ԵҲû˵ʲôֻǺһۺҲȥˣЩȽ͹ȥȥ¥Σ
Ӧһ۾ˡ
Աţһֱ£ˡ
۾һȹںҪȥһֽȥ
׳Ѿڴſڵˣ˺æӭй׳ӴүôҲпˣ
˼˵͵͵һ£źЦλүǰһֱû˹Ȼһ˲ţ֪Ϊһֱˡ
ޡ
׳ǲô˳ۣסŮ˶ڣʶЩſվˣȽȥɡ
̿ʶȤľܾˣһ£Ͳˡ
ţ߰ɡ̵
һۣʮֵıߡ
Ϊź㲻ˣүп͡
ӦһֺѼ뿪ˣͬ׳һԺС
ΪϻҪӦˣֻǳüûˣŽȥδˣѾˣﻹһڵĳӡ
үԵ¿ģһͲǰ塣ڼĵ
ʧЦĸƤ˲ܹ⿴棬һװأ
װһӣҲı£ºαôֻܾ࣬ˣ˵ɨԱߵ׳һۣѹŮ˼첻ˣ¶һ۾Ϳʱֱ˾ǡ
û뵽ⷬ˵ģɵЦЦ׳ע⡣
һܹȥһͬ
·Ÿ˵ʲôˣʡ
ڵûʲôɽдˣ
ҪеεĿһۣҲûбǴӻͳһ֮һδ𿪵ţԼһӡ
ôиӣüЩ졣
΢ŵ˵ҽģҸϱĴұŰɡ
˵գ㽫ϡ
ɫͨ͸һֵ֪ƣſƬ̣ͻȻǰ˴һӵĶ
ôˣ


 68 

Ϊ΢ĶӿƬ, ջǴժѾˣⶫأ㻹Űɡ
²ҪĿ
֪ʲô˼, Щҿ۾, ǰһֱӣɼϲ, õ¡
²Ҫֱ˵ǣαɡޱĽȡ, ϸڲ֮, սС
Ϊ, һ˲ǳ, һž󿪣ٰݵߡ
ҵģһʱ, Գƶˡ
Сʧǵ㲻쾡ɢȥţ³ȳԡ
ƢǡҲһˡؿƬ̣ſ, ι˹
û˵ֻǶרĵĶӣȿ쵽ʱ, һֻʣСһѿˡ
һССı, 𴽽ǣ³Աˡ
һûнĻ
۵һ˿Ц⣺ӵԱһ, ζҲǼ, ֻµ³Զ˻ʳ, ûи򡣡
ֲСӣôܻʳõĿһۡ
۵Цɵ, ȷǺͺûʲô
бһۣҪ˵ʲôʱͣһ£ſڵ㷽ʱƺû𡣡
ţҴȥٿش
ߴ٣Ҳ£˿ɡ
һ£Ҳ뿴
ȻҪô֪һǷͼı졣ֱ׳
Ƭ̣֣

ô㿴ʡ
ԱҪŲֻ΢ͣ۾
²ƭˡΪʧĵ£һʱü
ȼԱŲһ£Ѿŷ⣬עͷˣҲŲֻͬһ
ֽٵм䣬չȥ˻յةдҲ߶߶һѷϻǹĶӣǱϱĲҳ̵ûһص㡣
ֻҳᷳˣЩʱһ̧ͷͿɫԽԽüͷֱ˳ʲôף
ûôᵽĸף˵ؿຮҵĸӿܳ⡣۵׵ǼҪ
һ£нȡߣüһͨ飬˰ɡ
˽⸸ףӦòǶ룬˵һ£һ䣬Ӧûʲô󰭣ʲô񼲣׶Ȼҡ
ǰʧ˸ĸʱǺεɥ֪ĸҪԣһʱҲ֪ΰοƬ̺󸽺һ䣺ԣûʲô󰭡
ǿЦЦ֮һ·û˵ˣظֱ֮ӽƫԺһֱ϶ûг
磬ǰԺ˶Ժ£һʱ仹֡
ҿЩʼ£ôû
ü
һҿɲ룬ֻԴԸͬź󣬱һ͵Ĳŵ£ô
ɨһƫԺķǳЦһ鲻ðɡ
һ֮Զһ£̧ͷ£аʱ¾Ҫˣүڣǲǲã
ȷʵǲãպ˼ţҪһԷһšֻͲͬžۣƲĸӲʣʱǿʲô
Ĭһ˲ˣˣҸɷܹȥá
¸ˣ֮ʡ
ʧЦͬʲôɳģ
֮˼Ŀûн˼Ҳûʣ˷ʹΣһп಻æȥ֮ͼɻȥʵڿֱۣߵĿһ£ȥˡ
ǰԺЦڣȴʱʱƫԺķŲ
֮οˣƬ̺ƱߵǰһԲڣҾһ
Цųٱһƺ꣬»ǵóǰӦʲô𣿡
һ٣±ӺȻǵãֻ»飬ϸպһЩռ̷ǲǲã
ǰΪ֮˺ͺʱҪڳɻɼ̷򣬲רһˡ
˵̷˭֪֮ЦռźµˣģͨūЩҲūţ²صǡ
һҪ
¡֮ƽϡ
ĬˣƬ֮󵭵ȻѾǹˣֱȥѡǣܿϵģҲϲġ
Ѿѡ˼ձܹ¿úʣսаɡ֮˵
һ˶ѡˣüͷƬ̵ʲôû˵һԵüͷҲ֮ߺ˹ȥһ۲˵ļޱ֮²̷򡣡
֪֮ɫ
ü֪ΪλҪ
Ϊٲɼ˷ɢעҪˡ֮
ָʵϲ¡
ţô֮ƽĿϲϲ벻ϲ㲻ϲʲô
˵òԣȴҲɡ
֮оƱƬ֮ɢЩʵҪҪɲ⣬ǸʾӺԺ֮ˣ˭Ҳ֪պ᲻Ϊֻֻʱ̱ѣܼʱӦԡ
ĬˣƬ֮ޱĵǻǶԵģһǾӦùµ뷨
ţһѡϲġ֮
һУҲû˵ʲôˡǰԺֻ֣ǶĲɡ
ҹˣǰͲ˵ĹҲ쵽ˣߵǰҪȥӭʱͻȻ֡
ôˣ΢ȡ
ߵǰͣ½Ųʱǡըһӳůɫһͬл
΢û˵ʲôȫڹ֮һͬǰͷ
˲л˶ȫЦеºүȱūŻһϵĿδ
˵º͵
ȫ΢΢ֱֱӣϿͣѹų̣ǰй칤£й׵һޣйȺǰմˡ
ǰЩӼһֱûϢΪˣһգֻΪ̽ϽĲǼ٣ܸһֱлͣŷŪԼ
ϽԼҪԱӪְ
ɡȫæȥ
Цվ֮ȥȫϾҪˣ֪ΪͻȻҪȥ
㣻ϵ˼ūµõǽ̫ˣЪЪɡȫüĿ
̽ǰЩӲúõģôͻȻˣǽæʲô
ūžͲ֪ˡȫЦǺǵķܹȥ
ʲôҲʲɴҲˣЦ뿪㵭ɫƬ֮Żظ֮ͻȻ߼Ҳǻ£̾װģѡ̷ˣҪһߡ
¿ܸˣ֮ЦЦ
üôᣬҷź
ʲô̷򣿡ͻȻʡ
ðģ


 69 

㲻ѾƫԺ𣿡ɻĿ, ǵøղл˶֮ˡ
䣺ô֪Ҫѡ̷£
үã±Ҫ븮, ʱ˻Ͽ, ʱˣ֮΢Цſ, үۣʵڸ, պ»һ顣
Ҫѡ̷򣿡ۿ
֮Цݲ䣺ǵԼҪѡġ
ʲôʱ˵Ҫѡˣ
Լʮԩ, ǳˣճɻ¾Ҫѡ, ¶ҿаأ
仰һʳ, Сüͷ侲Щ, ¡
̷򣬿ԣڵ۾, Ҫô֮Ҫôǲҵʬš
˵գĿ˼һ, ͬʱһ, ·𿴵۵׵֮ɫȻϸ, ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ıӰ˰, ŲȷʴչķƣвҰɣвҰɣ
صµĻ, вƹԹԻش̫, һʱûעǶ˵ʲôȫͷԡ
֮ɫ䣺£δ˸ôͬ˵Э´²Ҫȵͷȥ
Ե£һҪæ
ڳԣҪɨڳһۣõ˵һ䣬úõҪֵòʹ졣
˵գתҪߣԼϵ±ʱͣһ£һ̲뿪
һߣһôɢˣŻ൱ֵǰԺʱ
ص޷ǰȫ˵ɫعʱϵѾȼһ룬Ŷ˻±һδ
ãǳȥˡ
ҹĵϨһ룬ѾǰǰˡһڿյĸУһηƫԺȻôԶ߹ܳһ·ִ˻԰󾭹һСŲŵ
ôԶĵطҲ֪ǰЩӣÿնͬżġð뷨ʱǡߵƫԺſڣ˻̧˽ȥ
ΪϲźԺƽնģʱҹһҲûУʯ·ϣԼĽŲ
ߵ޷ſڣƬ̺ţ˯𣿡
޷˵
򴽣㸸ĸǱ߲صģձȥؿмõĴΪҽΡ
ﻹûӦ
üչ֪ﲻܣЩ±ʯϣǵóá
˵תߣʯʱ±£ֻͷһ޷ź뿪ߵԺſʱͻȻ͵ƿűһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ͷȥȻסһѳǰ
ȥģĿ
վȺʣ˵Ļ㷽Ŷˣ
˵
ʱˣ˯ɡ˵ͼгԽԽζʧˣɵüͷ֡
׼ߡ¹µĿ
Ӻһ£ͻȻżյߣû˿仯ȴĺˡ
Ⱦˣ΢ȡ
Ȼ
ʱЩͷۣ֪ȾˣͲˡ
ϲҡͻȻ
Ʒã仹Уôͳɲϲ㡭ԣͲϲˡ
˵Ҳ֪㲻ϲңĿûʲôƫһִĸоϲңͲ߿ңǱ߾ɴÿͲҺɰʱҲ˳һһ˵ϲңһ߸˲岻
ĺˣſ£ȴȻ
ͲϲңνϲֻͼԼˣ˵ܺķ϶ɱ֮󣬶ҲֻкûԹϲңûϲҡ
üͷ壬΢ʱ͵ؽƿˡƵ˺ȻɫƽĿֻ֪㼾һƬȴ֪ĵˣ㲻ֹƭңƭˡ
òᡣ
˵תߣû˵һ¡
򴽣Ҫ뿪ȻֽԼһ
ʲô£ͷĻͷȴڿһ˲סˡ
۽Ϊʲôô죬Ҫ˰ɣ
һ۾棺׼ްǳƺҲ㣬塭
Ҳá۽ˡ

ھֻˣȴҲáٿڣЩӲˡ
ͻȻЩ˵ͬãҲûиֱ棬ֻǵ˵һ䣺У˵㲻ãǱվʹЩ
˵գߣ˼ûϺͣͣۻǣΪҪŲӼվͷû뵽һȥˡ
ûʲô
طУתŹϣŵǰ£Ϲһţɵüȵľƣôɺȡ˶ûУ
Ĭ
һƺͷĺӺЦƾھ͵ˣô˼ģ
ϣбһۣ
Ĭһ˲ԹԵ˹ȥӸȣձźƣ㹻˰ɣ
ź򣬷ǹƵСåֻϧ֮תҲֻ˵öԣǹԹԽƸˡ
ıӸտˣϣ
û룬ֺˣظ֮󣬺оȥ٣Ҳſϡ
Ӵ㽫̧ϣհӱЩ£ʱһۣݣôպ׼Էˣ
Ȼȴģ껹ҪϣֻǵһĽϵʱͻȻɻԼΪβи˽æ
ˣѵҲ˲ɣյı۾ûˡ
ա
קųѹ·ʱʱз紵ϣüͷ΢δ۱Ѿ
ˣ۾
ϤŻۣȻ㷢Լ֮УϻմǼѡ
¡һھͷԼɤˣͣһ˲ʣҪȥģ
ȥģйɨһۡ
ĬãٿѾ䣺Ϊ²ˡ
ΪΣʡ
ңڸΪѡ̷򣿡
˰ɣ˵ЩȥѡˣһЩм㽫Ҫˡ
Դһ㻡ȣһ˫۾ȴںڳǣԵûǲҪˣҲӡ


 70 

һ, Ьӵ£˯׼š
Ķ˰ΣͻȻ»û˵, ̷ѡǲѡˣ
µȻ˵۾ص
Ĭһ˲ڷҡ
һ, ۾ͬƬ̺ŵ̷һ, Ǳڴ֮ǰӦ֮ģʳԡ
㻹Ǵˡճȭͷ
֮Ѿ, ȲЩ, ֻūڸ, ١
һֱ˵֮, εǵɣ֮ģĻ
ͬ˵, ˾󵭵֮ͬһģǱ룬ûʵıҪ
Զʱ˵ˡ
ڳųŵķ򼲳ۣⲻ, ٵѾаڸ缯ˣֵģֻڳĬһƬ
֪˶, ŲǳĿڣ˵Ҳ, ȷʵûʵıҪ
һֱû˯ŵļһ
ǵҪɣ֮Ƶ, ҶЩ˽, µȻѡ, ͸һҲ̫öԸ׼е
۾в
δ˵, ͻȻͣͼͬʱ
£ǽͳǮºȫ
üͷһۣһͬȫ۵һ˿ȡ
һͬǰԼȫЩȣôүҲڡ
ҶҪйסһʱգһȥģһͬǰȥҲЦװûǵ㾪ȣǶλôſˣ
ص£ְ֮£ͬȥйʮǮü֮͸һּ黫
ôϲԶһ£Цⲻ䣺α鷳ֲûǮͳ컹ذɣϵİΣΪҪ
ͱƴˣŻǮͳͬǰȥǻϵһƬ⣬ȫЦǺǵ˵ˣйطޣջЯڴҲҪǰȥнˣ´ôˣǲ󷽱㡣
⻰˼ֹҪǮ£ҪǶھ۵ЦҲӺͻкѣȥʱгǻͺˡ
ȫ̾Ҳǹˣ˼뻹Ǿòףһ鷳ǳٺãܺùĽȥһ˳ǲĵġ
ƾ䣬еͽˣ˵ԼָãǲǸ˵ı֮ˣ۵һ˿⣬Ҫʱס֣ͣһû˵
ǻϵ⣬ͬǲƾˣعΪתҵȶԻϵл⡣ƽ
ȫæӦһӦõģӦõġ
΢΢ףֿǮ£ʱˣȻǮͳҪһͬȥйЩ׼ɡ
ºүֻǣְʱɳǮ˵תصУһʱǰֻʣ¼ˡ
ȫ˵ǵһζȥйҲ֪ȥ˸ʲôãʲô飿
ȫһЦŶԼҪȥйΪ˸ºúĻᣬֻйú棬ȵŻϹȥǡ
Ҫһֱйڼ䲻ܻؾ˼ˡ
ЦӦһǮ»֮ǰһͬһ£߽ľ壺ظȺһ׳˴Ϣ뷨Ӹҵݵйȥ
¾һ˲Ǹϵ˶ѾˣְҲ£˭£
ö֮ýңǲҶʲô˵ֲ㣬˵⻰ʱһۣĽŵ¸Ҫš
ĬƬ̣ջǴӦˣ֮ǰвһ䣺ְ֪һڳصסַǳʲôְһԲ
˶٣һʱЩЦãɣ
ȻѾˣۣ˼ĿΪ֪Ҹĸסַ
ĶĿ鲼£ʲô֪ģбһۡ
۵һ˿Ц⣺ǲ֪ǰҸĸζǣ
һֱӳϾǣɻ߾ͳˣ֪
롣ش
ӽŵͷһ飬۾ȸңȫʲôϵΪһֱ̽ʼյˮ©ռҲںȴͻȻ©˿ڷ磿
ҲûʲôһľʱһμſЩǮû뵽Ҳһҵټڹˡ̹ס
üҲ˵㻹ľˣ
ֻЩǮʲôˡüۺͻ
бһۣ㵹ǲص̹ףӶ֪ϵԣⲻƬ֮ʣ˵ҲǼٵġ
ҲԵѡε
һûĻϡ
˳ţйķߣͷӶпգϣЩĺɨһΣɢһ䣺һֱţ𣿡
ۡش
һҲۣɣʱܵйûطȶˡ
䣬ͻȻӲߵĺŲ˹ֱϡ΢ʲô
Ъš˵꣬㽫ѥˣֱӽϵסȻһͷţſš
ЪЪɢЩţűռ˵ġ
һ̸ռˣɿ
ЦһȥԼϵצӣȴַһγ¡
ſá
ĿСͣƬ̺ͻȻÿµͬƺرƽ׵ʯӶΡ
ȻǼʮܹɽͬƳɣãǴŢʯ·ϹҲκεСư°͡
΢̣ڶأ
ΪΡ˵һ룬ʱʲô컯֮£ô˶ţԱʲôҪɱ㣡
Ĭһ˲ΪɻʣΪô˵Ҳǵĵִң֪ûӶѣôҪʲô󲻾һ

˵ʲô͸ֹƻ󣬡ҶЩ֪ģ֤õ

һӺ˳Աߣɻʣүʲô
û£羰
һܹͺͺľ£үӺ̫


 71 

Ϊ, ľһֱϣһȫ֪£ȴʼյ, ȫöӡ
һһֱʱֲվ, Ҳǿľ壬ż᷿ЪϢˡ
źһ۷л, ˵һ䣺˯ϡ
áӦ
һͣΪĿӦʹ죿
۵һ˿Ц⣺ջҪ·, Ѿ, Ҳǵ²ˡ
ġһ, ĵǰ¡
Ƶվ, İ磬ʶ, ֺܿˡ᷿ﾲĶУİ＾滺ЩӲļ羱, һʱЩ˯
Ҫ˯ʱſͻȻȻѡ, ȥ, ǮºޱʣǮͳ£
үĻվѾ׼ʳ, ְºүȥ¥šǮЦ
˵ֲЦ, ȴԵù䵭Ǯͳ, ֻǰѾԸ˳úڵ
Ǯ, ϵЦҲЩУǵ¾ͺү԰ɣٽſڣ֤ºүǰȫġ
ֱӽŹˣЩŰĵǮһһ²뿪
ûͷһϣźŲǮʮȴްػҪǺˡ
ǾǺޡ
ƤôǣŻúõģͻȻˣ
˵ΪǰǮǼеһѵǾʹɲأƷΣǼеһѵ֪ú˭ôͿ
˱裬͵кŵ˵Ϣ
һ£ĿС£
С£ʡ
ȥߴ߳ˡ
ĿʱȴҲûгȥֻߵſڽ˸Ը֮ۻ᷿
㵹ǻ͵бһۡ
ɫ䣺Ȼ֪ϲԵʲôڵߵģֻһˣҪ粽ŲС
˵ˣû˵ʲôˣȷ̵֮šȻֻһ죬ǷýȻȴûʲôθڡ
ſﲦȥһȥԵģнӹ꣬Ҩ͵ߣ¡
üֲû֡
ҷŽˮ¿ЩԣͽǰˮͽĻ
Ĭһ˲ǹԹſ죬ĴǸһ㲻ԵĻȣһһιԶź¶ЩͬƽʱȳԵҲ࣬ʵûθˣ㽫£ֱӽˮˡ
̫ˣյйϴɡò붯
İ磬ˮ͹ŵֱ˯ĻۣⷦʱѰˣʵڲ붯źá
˰ɣҲźԡ£ÿαź궼ֻۣ綼ûУ㵽ͷȥҪԼϴ
ĬƬ̣Ųң
ŵùԼ𣿡бһۡ
˼һ˲ȥȵ¡˵գԥ뿪ˡ
ıӰûסЦһ־ûʲôЦģֱһȥԡˡ
ˮһɲǣһһյƣƶɢһ㣬Ķ͸б۾ܿ˯ˡ
һйǰΣһεξУеһǰذ򸾵¹ڣԱ߻һŵλãҲ֪˭ġ
ǰĹϣֻдˡ֮ޡ֣ıûˣɼһۿȥԼĵط
ΪһٶΡÿζʵ᣿
ɻ󣬱㿴˹Ӻ΢΢һ˲ǰ޽Ѿְ׷۽Ҳ˼ƣҲֱˣȻǺÿģȴ˼ֲɣС
εܶԺˣ
ߵʱü΢βڣ㻹ڡ
ü
Ѿ꣬Ϊ㲻ٳ֣û뵽㻹ˣΪ֪ҽҪʲô𣿡ƽȴһֱ˵ĸо
ԭϴξе£Ѿȥ˰ԽԽţһξ⻰ǳԼǳĹʬ˵ġѾˣÿָоŶɺϡ
Ҳǿģ֮ǰԹˡ
꣬ҪģҶˣܵһ˺Ҷ㻹˼ţĳָ𣬱佫պޣЩһֱԩ£Ҳ£˵ŻϥĹǰָϱĹֻһٵһգҺܿͻ
üͷվĹǰ˵һʱ侹ʲôû룬ȵ뿪ʱҲʶĸ˹ȥ
ոͣϳɲٵüѵûͣҪȥ
ˣ϶֪ԼĴڣ
ôʲôԹߣǲߣԼƤҪˣԭֻξʱùû˵̧ˣ϶Ҫŵѹ
Զ͸Ͻȥһͬ˻ʹǰ֮ǰûܼһĺõܵܡ
Զû÷⣬۵׺һڴϣ˼һ䣺ôͻȻˣ
һ쳤Ҫͬ˵
ŵĿͻȻɫǺֱ¶һ˲Ҫˡ֮ͦĮ޲¡
˵ŻйҩȥӣԼҩ롣һɫĩУɢ֮˵˼ǰϣҩˡ
ƺŲɣӹȥ㽫ҩһ
ֻǰһĻʮֻƣҪǰϸʱ͵ؾˡ
վ᷿С
ԼֻС¡±ֻȵӣٿһֻ߬úʣʲô
ҲǳõĳĬȻſڣҷͷãԼĪʱ˲ŽȴԡͰ˯ˣΪµ㽫±˳¡
һԼ֣ĬĬ＾Ӵãֻǰ´ѣ𣿡
ޱĿҸ𣿡
áһ档
㵹ͦԼ˵


 72 

Ų, û˵ֻǵ᷿ĵ̣ʱǮ, Է䡣
ûд, ֻɫƽĶԼ, Ǯ·ҡ
ôᣬүҲķˡڳλȨ, ĸֱ, Ǯ, ǮҲұǡ
һۣǲ, ֻǵǽ쵽ţ쵽, ŵ¶ˣȻҲͻˡ
һ£ȻڶԱ
ҡش
Цһأ
۵һ˿Ц, ʵ»ǴҺЩɣǻϵˣһ˵Ƿ޼Ȥ, һֱ, ϶ȻҲҪ˼
ɨһ, ˵㻹䣿ȴյǸ, Ǳˣ֪, ٰȥˡ
Ĵ΢΢𣬻δ˵, й޷䣬㵽ʱ˯á
ı齩һ˲򶨵ÿ˳¿羰ɣտһ磬û
һûٴˡ
һ˼·ʱͻ䣬һһǡߵǰŴŵĵط˼˸͸
üÿԶԼֵĴׯú쵽ˡ
֪ʲôס֣ǰڼγɶļнһʱ䣬㹻Ӧˡ
һΣǰ׼䵽üŷĵزƺ£𽥱䡣
йü¶ᣬȥй֮ҴȥԸǰЩ£ָתƻ⡣
˼ջˣð˿գҲС
ӦһüۺͻĿ
յüȥҲܿͣһ³ָ˰ʱ·ڵй֮С
йסĶҲ⣬һ㳯ƫȥˣǮ˸ϣҲû˵ʲôֻǵ˵ԺſʱõĿŵǮµˣѵйôһֱű
صµĻǮ˵ˣæڨЦڣϷԸˣйȾΪȷ°ȫҪһֱš·ģǲǵµţ߶ŵ°֡
䣺ȷǻϷԸٴʥּôŲǱǼˣ
ְңǮ¼æȭˣȷǻϷԸҪְ˻ȫְֻܴ粽ĸţ
۵һ˿мɨһۣǮͳ챣ʱҲţ
Ǯ¼ͬϵܣѾڽ翪ڴǼˣʺɰͰͻش𣺡ΪйȻʹȫԡ
Ҳ˵ûУĻ鵭ĮǮͳǺõϲ¾󲻾Ļ˵
㲻ҪѪˣְʱ˵ϲ¾ˣǮһ˵̱̲סˡ
̲ĿһۣҲδǮͳսţԵµˣ˵ԼǶԵ¸ģ
Ϊй١
ЦһɫѸٳǮͳǵһй
Ǯ¶ʱ˵ˡ
йһ٣Ҳûʱô˴粽ţ˵һ䣬ٽԺдţô˵Ҫͬأ
Ǯ¿ˮЩƮˡ
𴽽ǣһƽϵģˣҲǮͳһ⣬ͲҪͱˡ
̲˵ˣǮ¸Ͻл¡
Щ²ˣȥǮͳһǡǮһЦŤͷ˵УҲ̸˽ȥ
Ǯ£
ԺоƬ̣һӳʣͳ죬ǻԺ𣿡
ظƨǮ±˵һ䣬ҧгݵѹ佫֮ףǲңǴöŵʱ϶ȻҪңҳȥڵţ
˵գһŤͷˣһϽҲȥŻԵЩӵԺſڣ˲տࡣ
޵ڣſڴϣſվƬ̺صߣİĦ羱
һʣ𣿡
ˣӦȥ˵⡣ش
ĳһ۾˯ĦƬ̺󣬱Ҳࡣ
۾һ죺˭µģ
§۾۳Ͷ٣ӷ˯ɡ
ȥ˯õ
ȴûֻ±˵˯

ˣ߾ʹ˾ȵĺһ£һ˼˵ĻȷʵҲˣûٽ
һ˯һ磬ʱɫѾˣҲûˡ͵ڻºһվôûң
ųȥһȦȻûԺУȻصͰһ㣬ˣǲý
ϼҪʲôҲٵȸգõϢǰҪһն࣬⼸յȲģܻ뵽ӵģȻˣ㰲סվǡ
üչЩ˵е
¿֮۵׸Ц⡣ƽռ˵뻰ʱҲһ壬ʱ򣬼бһۣЦʲô
ֻǸˣǰ£˫ַϥǣһ¾ͱ˸ӣѵûǰһ漰ϺͻʹǷңȴҲ˵ˡ
һ£ʶԼȷʵһֽġѵЩ׵Ӱ죿
һס֣Ŀ۾£Һܸˡ
һû˿ãͬ˵䣬㵹ͦࡣֳ˻
Ĵ΢Ϊʲô˵Ǻ¡ٱģҪõöࡣ
ůӳ˶һ飬¼Ϊʣޱסۣס׼
ֵЦá
һ˵ľǵ
⻰Žݣɷϱ˵ĿɰҲֻˣֻǵùţҪȥ˯ʱ㼰ʱװʲôûڴϲˡ
ţûҪ˼ʱյٲߣŲű˰㶪ȥ
»ˣֻңܲýнɣϾֱӰ§

һ£ȻҾҪźˣҧһԲĶߵֻңǽƺҲ㡣



 73 

ڻﶯҲ, ºˣˡ
Щ˯ɣһǳȥ, һϵ, ҲøǺš
Цһ㵹֪ʲô󱾹
˵Ȼȴǹ˳Ļﲻ, ΢ĺ, ܿ㽫˯˹ȥ
Ϊ˯, , һ, ۾ʱѾϴãڴ߿
Ĭһ˲űˣ
ҲͰʱ, ҲǸѣ˵Ž˰뱭ˮɤӡ
űӺ˼, Żڣţ㲡ˡ
ΪΣѱߣֽֽ, ѵò, ˴
бһۣˣȴƫƫϲЩūǲ, Ķű˰ʱ, ǲʲô
ô˵Ļ, ƺҲеΪ, ױ̨ǰ£ʼ췢٣ȷʵˣⲡֻеܽ⣬ԵպҪҺЩҲŪ߰˽ҲȬ
֢β㣬Ҵȥɡһȴǲ
΢רעİͷⷽˣֻһһ죬ٴ֧ӣһ򵥵ķٱˡ
ΪûױѾͷʱ泯죬֬ûͿѡͷ٣һޣһ򵥡
ȴ⣺̫ؾˡ
жЩҲο
һ²ǲòϣٴЩȷʵҪ٣йҲûʲôˣҲʧԾɡ
̫ӦĿ۾еԼ㳯֡۵һ˿Ц⣬һͬͷȥˡ
һ߳˹˵ҪˡɨһۣҲû˵ʲôܾĻֻǳ׺ǡ
£ˣڸ߰ɣҪš
ΪѵӦһЯɢ˻˲ŻصͥԺСյѵ⣬ǿǽԺӣʶͣԺſڣûˡ
յ£üͷǽԺΧͰһ㣬벻ǵĽˡ
޷뷨ӳȥǡһ߰οһм˸ӡ
ҲϲԽӡ
ǳЩˡ˵žҪС
ãֲӡ
ǳЩ˿ʡ
תһȦ鲻ôã˿ֻҲ磺ɰͰ͵ģʲôɳԵģ
£ΪεĿܹ⼸ϲ
ţϲشúǼᶨһƯ۾ôƺѾ׼˵ʲôҪ̷
Ƭ̣ķ¿ӣ鲻ã޷Ϣ
ſⲦеĽӣûлش⡣
ҷ˵ˣ²ģȻȴܳȥģΣܽϢõͺˡ
ɨһֲۣûֻҪԺӣǱ粽ĸţȥʲôá
Ǹǵ£ҡ
˶٣˼Ŀ
ѾףǱ΢΢𣺡̵ҲֻˣҪҸˣҲĸԸİ¡

йûգѾڰ˰ٴκڴˣų˶ڣˡƫƫֲܶΣΪȷʵҪİæһ治Ժܽѵǰȴ޿κεġ
Ŷ
ѾԼĴļнӣݵߣ£DD
ͷСӣ
۾ˣȴǹԹſ졣
ѽιˣּЩ˵УЩҰ˶峿ںɽժģʣ¶Щб˿ҷų˵ǰɰͣζҲǼã³ɡ

һ룬ûϵЦЩ£𣿡
ĬĬԷģСȴֻȤԱ߰ĿԶ
һŽŵ޿ûͷһЪţ࿴飬͸ս޵õģȻЩů⣬ôȣΪйɽһʸС
ģȴЩһ뵽űԼԷ鷳ֲһ˲ϰԼô죿
ĬĬȻͷԼһʱȻȻ򶨣ȴĺˣٿе飬Ѿкһûҳˡ
һǰ˹ⶪһԣԼʲô˼Щ¡
ʲôʡ
룺뿴ˡ
ĬĬ
һԸͰˣ˵̲סֹһ䣬Ƣˣ֪ĻΪǳء
۵һ˿Ц⣺ǵ뿴Ը⣬ֻµֻǲҵķӣҵ￴
ƲƲ죺ͬӳֲͬ㵱￴
ǵ¸˵Լ뿴𣿡ʡ
˾õɨһۣ㵹໰Ҫ˵ˣˡ
˵գ䵽һԵϣµ⣬ʱɢĿͷȻ飬ǱҲȥ¹ｫǸľȡͷмˡ
仰дôֲڣִӣ¹ǿһ۶ܣ˵Զˡ
ǡ
ûٶ໰Ӧһȥȡˣ¹ҳӺֻİ۾һ˿͵͵ӷܳޱߣΪǰţЩ΢壬΢ɢ촦ǴƬѩ׵ļЩסĵطɽȣһһա
ɵվʲôٳûȵһվڹſڲʱЩˡ
ƽĴ򿪺ӣ뿴һ
һˡܡ
Ա˳һ»ص£淭󣬾þû
סЦ޹ʣôǾǲ޷ܣ
£ⱾԼ޷ġ
üЦвܶ飿
У˵ţ㽫ŵһ࣬޷ݣֻ¿
һδ˵֡
û˵꣬㽫ˣĿĵϥ齣˽
Ĭһ˲ʲô飿
һһĻش



 74 

ȥ´ʱ, ûӦȻعʱ¶ˣæֵס, ɵüͷ԰, Ǻֻмôܻд
˷ŵġ˵űס, ҧһԲļ
һɵñӣ, ˭ҶĶ
Ҫ, רЩĶͷ, ٴӶͷһ·, ĺ촽ȥ
ڴһ֪ü, Ĺ£ӺܿЩˣǼǿҪƿС¿ɲʲôС£һҪȥ
Եĵ, Ҳ˵ˣֻܱԼԶĵطȥֻ΢һ, ߶Ҫ, ˡ
¾ͲרЩֱðȴᡣ
ļ, ָһӡ, Լѵй, רġ
·ģû, ƭ˵¡ţǼ⣬ֻܺг
ɶ
Ҽɫͼı죬ǻͨʲôҵĴƭ˵£һߵǸһߺǸת¿רЩˣ
רͷ
ƺ֪Ҫˣ֮ǰĴ޷֮
˴ùһֱֵ磬ŷŹѾһ̯ļߵſڣԸˮۻ䴲ȥˡ
ݽʵļ⣬ε˵һ䣺ʱˮ˶Ҫ֪Ƿʲôˡ
»飬֮Ҳ֪֪ˣʲô
һ㵹ǿÿ
ǿÿź£˵ҵõµϲóѵǼ£˵ţŵ˴ϣƬ̺ͷԡͰװˮȼĺȥ˱㱧úϴһ
ʱѾʱˣʱܾԼʲôһֱʱͻȻ𣬶ʱһա
ôˣʡ
ɨһۣţ³ȥһˡ˵գҪţ̸ϣߵԺſʱͻȻֹظ
ͣ£һۣȥɣͱˡ
ĬƬ̣λ̲סһ䣺ΪΣ
ǡ˵ֱˣһֱԱߵĽ״ҲϽ˹ȥֻüվԭء
żֱȥ̫ҽס̫ҽ˵ˣϽӭӣμ£֪ͻȻΪ£
ȱſˣϽһһֱԶŵĽһۣӶԷп˾ȡ
̫ҽǵӦһͽԼȥץҩҩǸϸСһֱҪСʱС
ԺеţС¯ϵҩ޹ཹཱུð̫ͬҽ̸ˣǻʲô©
صµĻֻҪǰڣҩЧģֻǴҩǺȵöˣǻ»ҪΪǡ̫ҽ
΢΢ף֮٣γʱûҩֻȴպһ£֮󱾹ᾡ⡣
̫ҽףҲû˵ʲôˣҩ֮˹ĵҩȣŶһպ£Ժſڴԭ²ҸΪҪҺȱ
һ£ƽĿ˹ȥ˵㲻Ҫ
Ҳô֪¸ҪҵĺӣĿ
üûвҪֻʱˣ㲻Ҫȡ֡
ȡ֣㱳ҺȱҪȡ֣䡣
Ҳסݡ
ݣһЦҲǣڵ¶ҲǸźūţˡ

սһת뿪ˣ˲
̫ҽͽ̫ҽСȰһ䣺»ȥɣ޼ʲô˵ġ
վãջ̧׷ȥˣҲϽ˹ȥֻһθӽ¼ϡ
ޱߣߵԺſڣ㿴İˣüͷһ壺ʲôȥ
ҲǸūţͬͬһ޵ҸūŵȥҲʡðµۡĮ
䣬ĬƬ̺Ц浱벻㣿̫ˡȻߣͲˣʲôʱԼĴˣʲôʱٸ
˵գޱĻĶվƬ̣ҲתȥԶһƫסˡ
ǳܵǮº֪ܿˣռɫϽȥȰûԭ˼ͼʹĸűԹүҲȷʵĿ𷨣֮ܵģ¸һѵҲãʡ֪ߵغ񡣡
Ըȥ⼸Ǳ߲źȥڵĵ򶼳ˣֻԺеһֻѡɫҪеȴʲôˣϿ飬ҲܺúԼˡ
Ǯ¼æӦһȥˡ
һԺжƬ̣ʵھˣ㽫н˹ΪѵΪɣտǲȻ书ɱȴǿһѣָЩ˻Ǵ´࣬ƽڣЩȻۣȴҲұԹ
ȻǶֻ֪еˡ
һգһգ۵Щ˶˽½п಻Ǯ¶ˣסȥȰϽȥϴ
һ֮Ҳ֪Լ֪ˣǮµȰ˵ЧǴƫˡ
֪Ϣ󣬹ҪſվһʱΪѵķľսģȺʱתˣ»ǣǽ
ºúݵģҪͷվôáź󵭵
бһۣ̫׵ķ²ЩҪġ
˵ǡ
ЦһҲǹǴҴӣδ֪㣬µˣɱͷЩǿˡ
Ǵ˽£Եµӣô˵ȥһֻ΢΢𣬵ˣѾõĲˮƵǰֱӶˡ
һһȻ˵ò࣬ȴָŭ·ǰִսһ㡣
裬ֱˣʲôϢ
Ҷƫסգﰵ۸²ҹúòãſھ磿
һҲ֪ա갡ڱίˣ
͵ǽɣֻҪ˵һңұ㽫紫Ϣߵ¡
Ҫôߡ
ֻһ䣬һãĿ繣£͵⼸Ľ
򴽣˵
ãײ̱̾һҪ˵ĳЩͷ˵һ䣺㣬˰ɣ
һ£ƽıȴĺˡ


 75 

Ȼװһͷ, ˵Ǿ䡮֮󣬻һ־ִ٣ִֻû̫, 㿴Ķ, ǰÿζʱĳͻȻ΢ˡ
Ϊ֤뷨, ͣƬ̺̽⼸ȷʵ㡣
ֺһ֡
ڵʱ, Ҳûʲô, , ŷԼ˵˶û, ͸ˡװģ̾
δ䣬ĶѾÿҪѪ, ȴ򶨵ָѣ޽޵úܿģаŹң
Ҫģ˵Ư, 㻹ѣź򡣡һ˿ĳԡ
һ, Ϊ˱裺ȵ¸ź򡣡
ˣ, ߱, ͬ˵Щʲôߴ١
, ΢΢, ˵йѾǻˣֻɭ, ´ݾߣһֱͷ뷨ӣʱй߱ˣûҵķӣȴƫµĵ˳ŵҵҡ
ںδʡ
ϲıˣҲ֪ػ˱˵ˣǮ½нȥţױ뿪ˡ
һǾͺá
򴽣׷ʣ㽫Ϣ߼ˣ£ϴӽԵľѡʮˣ佫Ƿԣ˶ξν֮٣Ҳܽƣ±ֱࡣ
˵꣬޷㾲ָ棬֪˶òŻжξνΪȱò࣬ܶలʮˣ
ĬãŻпȱֱˣ޿ȱı㽫ԭȵĽһǿڳλ
ָͻȻͣ
Ƭ֮󣬼𴽽ǣ۵ȴһƬѹҪ֧ԭǴ⣬ǶξνպʲôҪҲڳλ
侲ʱʱ򣬡ĳ֧֡佫ԣԽֵ˵»δ׶£һлü
λ³һϽ֪𣿡
˵ܸѾͶգнװ֮߶ͷ˲֪ͷȴ޷Ϣȥش
һɷѿģӣҲ֪ı˶òⷨӣλȥ²ǵ÷Ѻһ򣬲ܱջس
˵ͣһ£۵˼ͬպܣãǰӱ㶫궼
侲ν£ͬλ㣬ڣȻؾС
һ˲ƽĿйֻ㣬뿪𣿡
ȻڱصãͬһģǷȡԼΣҲ
ӦĬãս֣ü΢ط
ȥַͬҲֱ㶵ĴȥҪҲҪҸͷպ׷Ҳ޷ϡƽ
΢ˣ
Ҳʲô⣬Ҹѵɣ£ҹˣ˯ɡ
ĬƬ̣һͬˡ
ת۱
𴲺²ȥߣǽһͬǰ˵Ҫ뿪йæ֪Ǯ£ûǮ±ˡ
£ҪȥǮżʡ
ɨһۣǰйסţȤ͸ˣȥ棬ҲǴʱˡ
˶ӣ²ʲôȥ˼ǮȰ
üԭȻйʱʱȥ棬ôӲ֪˶ӣ
£ְҲΪŵµİȫǣǮ¿ġ
ˣȫȫվǰȫ궼δ㲻ɹոűҲͰˣҪܱȥĲɣ
ְȻѾӦϱ£ζõΣգˡǮ¼ȰɴһҧȥҲڵһʱΧסԺſڡ
һ˺Ҳûʲôˣ׼뿪йҲֻˡ
ȻŭǮ£ĪҪ췴ɣ
ְҲʽǮ±
Цˣ˼ǣҪǻϣ
Ǯ¿ɲ˵⻰ֻӲһ䣺ְڱ¡
ͻȻ侲Ƭ̺Įܺãô궼δܹ裬Ǯ£ռȻˣպ͵óĴۡ
˵գֱ˦޵ǮĻˣҲֻͦš
ǮͳǺαأҲȥ߶ѡһֱû˵
Ǯɨһۣȥһ仰ְΪ˱¡
Ҳ˵¡
Ǯ²˵ˣҲǽǵòСȨ죬պǴıǮҶģлֲðգһ֮ʻؾ군
֪УȻԼƵ־Ҳʱδ뵽ġ
㵽ֹ˵޵һӭȥɴӦñȥˣ
΢΢ҡͷ
ЦһҲ֪θ˵ģۡ
οģƽŷһ衣
޵գԽǮ±ԽĵóԲ˯ţܾŵȵ¶һС¶סˡֻŵԲʱǷŻɫ
ʵģñȥ棬ɽǿԵİɣƽ͵ʡ
Ȼƽ̬˶ܿȻ굽˼£ٱܾҪַ졣
Ǯ¸Цһ֮ͷӦˣԵ˶˲ȤȥǱְͬһȥ
йɽûʲôˣԼӴţ»ʲô⣬ȫǿӵĵط֪Ҫõȥˡʵǰ˼ȥأҲӦһ£ϾĶûйء
ӦˣɫЩư˵һ䣺Ǿȥ׼ɣõƥ빭Ҫúһ
ǡǮӦȥ׼ˡ
Ȼ²࣬ȫŪҲʱ֣Ǯ±һȥû뵽ִҪȥҲֻôӦˡ
һ˵˺ɽ²ҰǱװ֪ԼļӣʲôʲôֻǶЩĥ䡣
ת۱㵽ϣ춼ˣǮߴ٣ͷһʱͻȥˣʲôߡ
ǰ¹꣬ɽʪְҲǵĵ°ȫǮСĵ˵һ䣬ñûٴˡ
˵һվ޵ɨһۣĬĬס֡


 76 

ҹѾ, ꣬ѶղӦй, Ǯһ, йߡ
ԽԽ󣬴󵽼Ҫס, ǰͷǸں, Ĩһϵˮ, һ·ԽԽŢʪ, ǲߡ
·, ǲߣҲһ, οԽ󣬷Խ뿪
һҲǣҲ, ߵһС·ʱһҪȥˡ
ϸЩԼɫȻ, һһš
ʧЦô˵Ż, 㡮ͻȻϵ䣬ֱˤŢ֮С
ȻѾ׼, 浱Ţʱ, ͫ׻ǲܿƵһ, ֱʮʹŷġۣǽвġ
£
£
ȷס, ǮºҲΧס
£û°ɣüʡ
ǮҲʮż£ôúõͻȻˤˣ
ҧ´Ϻ̽һ֦µøϽ
ǮһôأʱˣҲû̫ҽУܡҪȻйɡ
ˣŲ»أˣǮͳ죬ȥ̫ҽȰ¼򵥴һ¡
ôУֲ̫ҽһʧˣܵ𣿡ǮºʪһƬѾֲˮǺˮˡ
üͷҪڣƺһʹ֮ɫԣ˲£ǵΪ´˿ڣǵ𣡡
Ǯ»˵ʲôٿѾ˫۽գƺѾʣֻҧҧãүִҪΪ˵ģڳĶ֤ǵ³ʲôʧүһ˳е
Զ㣬˭ҿ˵µӣҪޱ顣
Ǯµȭͷ˽нǰͷȥˣһԶ룬ģ۾ȫȻû˵ӣ߿ߡ
ˤ𣿡ʱʡ
ҴѡŢˤģôأϻˣϽߡ
˵žս׼뿪˭֪ͻȻڱסһ£ʲô
ǮȻʮСˣͳְλЩСģºܿͷӦһ˵һߵתͷС·ߣʱ׷ʱһ߳ŭҪǿģһҲġ
һôǿץȥ
ûпܣɫƽǻ϶ǵȼʹӣôԸðŵµΣգҲ׼ȥ棿
üͷһʱҲ˵ˣִ˫´СǰսˣҪЩˡ
˳ķסĸ첲ҲĻԼ̫ԶСĵȥ΢͵˦һҹɫɽ³ȥ
һǮ´˵ڻй·ϣԽԽòԣٿĸҲһֹӡ
ʲô˵Ǯ³
ԥһ¿ڣŵµµλãһƬŢҲʯ֦֮Ķôһˤ㱻֦ˣ
˼ǣװģǮüͷ
æְңְֻǾЩֶѣɵ¡
Ǯһʱû˵ֵ£ȻҲˣֻǷſˤһʱ̫ңԲʱûԽԽŲԾ
Ǯûй̲סƽ޹ʵģҪʱԣ˲úܲԾ𣿡
˵ЩǮȻҲѾ뵽ˣἰɫҹһ㣬Ƭ̺ȥʲôϷ
ְңͨһ£ְҲֻƲ⣬ģһүΪˣְʲôÿģǶסˣ
Ǯ±һ䣬ת󲽳ˤĵطȥߵһʱ̧ͣʣүˣ
ǱһӦ
ǮһɲõԤУָ䣬ȷ˻Ӧ˹ȥֻԭŢ֮еѾˣʧĻмƥ
Ǯ¡һعˣӹϽȥ׷׷Ƕȥ
ԽԽ󣬴˵۾Ҫˣɽֱʱ·һ㣬Ǽǰͷ·ʱ궼ϴãĿʼֱ£еһǴŴġ
ܿƵ꣬ȻҲûůͶ٣ֻҧǿ̡
ǰһСţ۵һ˿ۣȻֻԼǰͷڱסֻһ߿ӱһ߰ο̣ɽ£ҸЪϢ
Сµ䷿ϡ˿Ҳ࣬էһȥȻע⣬ȥأǸҳץˣȻᾪٱʱνƱ磬ֻҪ϶ͼı죬˸
֪˵еֻǿɪɪɫЩá
·𿴴˼һ㣬ſһۣСһһ䣺
š
˵ʲôζƬ֮Լˣͷ㽫סһ£漴Ҫ£ֻǻδڶ˵±𶯣·ʪʧƽͲˡ
͵ٽ¸ңü
ЦһҲڲǰԳơˡ
˶٣õĿڣʲôʱˣ˼Щ
¾͸ŰɣȻѾʪˣɻܵЩġ
ĬãûپܾΪȥ˴꣬ǰû񷽲ǰ÷
һֱ£ƺûоͷͣظϣͼǮ·֮ǰҵ֮
Ȼ˳һƥЩڿ쵽ʱСҲ˱¶׷ϵ
üͷ壺׷ˣ
ȣǵÿЩˡŽߵĽأƥϣһ˻ٶȸЩ
Ǯ¼ǿ쵽ˣ֪һǵ˿ڶسǣʲôط㲻ҵʱļ
һ뵽ǻؾԼٵ𷣣ٹ˲࣬һùͣǡ
ʱһ㶣ܿ컹ҧѡӣһʱʸǰȥˡ
͸죬һʱˣǶ䣿
ٶس壬뽼ԽԽʸҲԽԽܼһ˲ƥͻȻһʹ˻̱ס
ʣôˣ
ץң쵽ˡ˵꣬ƥص˲䱧żˤһԣƺһ߳׾
Ŵ¿һȦһˡ
ţû׷ڵϣ³һ
һֱŵüͷչˣߺߵĴ˵ô׷ˣ͸Ū
䣬ӦˡЦһ
۵һ˿мڵţɵüͷô
ԱҪȻһֵ˻ȥƺ֮Գ̫ˣ
Ϣ
һҪȥһҹѲĹٱ㳯߳˹ʲôˣ
Ǻ΢΢ɣվǰڣ
ֱة֣ٱһ£ٿȻǱȴǹ󲻿ԣȻͨˡ֮󣬹ٱͷվ˳Ǻˣ
쳤
ٱһ㶣Ҳ˵ֱӴקһ壺ｻǰԻ
ͷĲҵæȥˣǰ˴ҴҸæ¹򣺡΢μӳ£
˼ةˣҲæȥڣƽ
ôǰüʡ
̾˵ȸס
ǡǰæӦ
ηЦŻͷЪôˣ𡭡
û˵꣬㿴˫۽ɫҰףµˮУѻ˲֪Ѫ


 77 

ة, ͷС
ҹȴƻͨѾС˶ˮڿͷ, ÿνȥʱˮлˮ, ȾѪɫ
վڴ࣬ûʲôĿϵѪ, ǸȡĹͷ滹մѪ⡣
ֹѪ, ÿ˶ɫ, ȻиΪա
, мλ, ȥƫ°ɡةСĵȰ˵
·ûһ㣬ֻǰĿŴϻ˯ѵˡ
ة˿ʪ͸Ţ, ɵ̾һ֪ﲻܣţһʪѣǲ, ǻҪչǸ鷳
΢Ťͷ
, ЪЪ, ة˼зӦˣæȰ, ˮѾ, 
˲Ȱ, ˣԻȥԡ¡ϡ
ة˶ʱ˵, ĿةԷ΢΢ҡͷ󣬱ż˸¼ȻѾ㲻ȰˣڴҲﲻæиˣֱȥǡ
˵ûзԣͷ뿪ˡ
ͷæµֻʱƣ˽ˣֻʣ¼ͼڡ
ѪѾֹסҩһλߵǰ£үѪѾֹס˴ֻҪСĿɣֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻ̾ү»ԲѣʹҲûзӦǽٳѲǡСǣΣ
侲ܽ
ĲѾˣʣµȫү컯Сĵ
ü΢Ƭ̺񣺡֪ˡ
˵ѾãλҲ˹˳ʩһ񣬱һͬˡˣͷֻʣ¼ˣһվã̧ߣ΢һȾʹһĸо
ŷԼǰѾվû֪ˣ˾ڴߵĽ̤£ƽյ˫ۡ
Ƭ֮󣬼̲һʱҪһᡣ
ϵ˰ȵ˯ţ㷴Ӧ
ޱ飺浱ң
Ȼ˵·ô˯һˡ
ĬãմˣвˣԸӦ֮ڲ̷򡣡
´Ե棿
ɳƵʱһ˲ΪԼĴһŷӦһ̧ͷһ˫
Ƭ̣ûʲôĿڣ˵ɱȫҵʱ㲻ѣ˵̷㵹ѵÿ죬治ǹˣ
ôᣬֻǴ˶ѣ۵һ˿Ц⣬»˵ҪɱȫˣΪΣ
ûʲôûöѣڣҪ㻤ͱһˣûѱͻؾԼ˳ɱȫҶģǡ
Ϊܵģ²ҾˣôҪ壬ӵĵ񲻴ãȴǵȤ
һۣǵ㲻
ҲֻǵҵķˣҲȫҺ;ķΧڣѵԼɱ𴽽ǡ
۾Ͳ壿
ܣⱲӶҪݷͷɴľܾˡ
һҲûٸ죬ͷһʱ侲
֪˶ãڣ£ˮɡ
Ҫʲôü
۵һ˿Ц⣺ʲôõԡ¶ѣ߿ɽҹ䣬ϸˡ
ţ֪ˡ򴽣ųŴ
ûʲôȺˣ֫ӲЩѣκǷˣֱӽѾ߽ź
ʼհĿԡŰı۾
ϴʱѾ˯ˣɵͷһֻߵǰſƬ̺
͵ؾѡ
״ˣ˯ɡ
Ϊδңʡ
бһۣʱˣûȡ
ޱĿ飬һ˯ɣҲҪ˯ˡ
Ҫȥ𴦣ü
ףȥƫ˯
ΪΣá
üΪΣȻ˿ڡ
˯Ĵ˯´࣬ºαȥ𴦣˵˯ʵ»ҡ
ȰҲ΢ˣ˼Ƭ̺ӦˣҾڴЪ°ɡ˵գСĴͷǽ£֮˿ľ롣
²СġΡ
۾ٷϻϽ˯
ûп˼ֻܱ۾˯ˣʧѪ࣬ͬ˵ǿ˾һ۾˯ȥˡ
Ҳۣһ˯ҲûУԺֻۻһԺǰЩΣͻȻеòôˡ
泯Ϊֻſ˯ģƬ̺һ¡
һ»Ͻ۾װ˯
¡ǰδе֪࣬˯Żˣָͷ̽һбɣÿζ˦Ƶġ



 78 

İ֮, Ųӵ̽еĻ˭ֻ֪˯ţǻˣ
˵, ̾Ϣһ, ס֣, ǣŵµ˯ɿ, ٽΣ
˯ԻɿӲס
𴽽ǣ, ɿµ֣
Ĭһ˲, 쵽ǰ, ۵һ˿Ц⣬ֱӽְס, ƣı۾˯ɵ£Ҳˡ
һ仰·ʲôһ㣬һֱƣ˲Ϯȫһ˯ȥ, Ҳ˲оǻԻ˯ˡ
˯֮ûʲô˯⣬󱳵˴ԽԽʹ, ɫ԰, Ҳһ㱡ȻȴʮƽֻǾĶż, ֱٴνٲǿ˯š
Ϊſ˯, һҹ˯ѡ˯, ⼴ʱǿ˯졣ʱ˯, ŵˡ
ﻹ¶ζԺУة
μ¡ǰҴҸ
ةˣŻȥϣյһ֮Ĳɷһͣ
͵΢ְ΢ȥšǰ˵뿪ˡ
һ˾ԺУ۵һƬĮȻǮµ˽⣬Ȼģؾ·أ͵͵ȥ⣬ҵֱ֮ӴйùٱͣȻӲмԴҲġ
ǰܿ㰲׵ٽ֮˼ʮ׼ͼؾ
δѣͷɨһ޷ķ򣬽ſǰ
·ģүڴ˰ˣ΢ᾡտǰӦ
΢΢ףΪ׼žȥˡʱտҲҲµѾ뿪Ĭú˽
øϽܾؾͬ档
ҹ̣һ㵽˾ûмȥţȻ˳
˵Ϣ֮˶ˣƣĿһۣ˯ʲô˵ͷЩٱԽأǻһˣȥǱЩþƺòˣǳϢ
ȥš֮˵ֱȥˡ
ƼԼ໰ʣֱӽˡһһҹļҪɢܣڴϱ˯²֪ˣһֱ类˼²ѡ
£ʡ
Ӧһ£ټ
ˣƬ̺Цһδȥϱˡ
üͷ壬۵һ˿ǡ˵£ѾӽЩٱ˵ˣǵĵ»嶯
ģзִ磬˽ΪҸ¡
ƼĿʱһȥѾȥˡ
ʱ󣬼һװϵĳڹſڣǰߣÿһ˿ŭ⡣
ǬţɫΪãһ䣺ºôı£Ҫйţ㾹˽Իؾ
ֻĻǶԷ磬ѲһȦ󿴵Ǯ£ӵ˲Ǯʶƺͬӡ
ΪλͻȻ˭صģ㲻ø޸𣿣żʱŭ
ޱߵǮǰǮ¿ˮϳһ㺹
һӣ޹
δ䣬ѾγǮµĽıܿڣСѪ˲佦˼һһ϶Ⱦ˺졣
ڳ˶û뵽ͻȻѣһ㶺ˢˢͳָȴʮƽɿ֣ǮĹʱֻǴӻͳϸĲ֣øлû취һ̴㣬һǸ㳤ԣסʲô˸öʲô˲ö
Ǹʲôֱ¡
ƺŷڵһ㣬ɫĻͷΪ𡣡
һ㶣üͷʱ
Цһ۵һ˿̣ϻ֪ɣλǮͳ챣ֱӽ粽ţйóǰҹʵģһϷΪȥ棬ֱ֮Ӵ׷ɱǣʸˣδڽظС
ˣ۵һ˿㵣ʵĿǮ¡
ڣֻңǮҲ֪ˣһʱ䲻һӦŵߡ˿ѪѾһأɫҲҰףְüͣ£ǵҪӣְҲˡ
ЦһӣǷʲôҪõۣ
Ǯ¶ʱ˵ˡ
ֱʼţϻش𣬲ϻش𳼣ΪȥˣԳɱ
Ǯת䣬Ҫ㣬С²ѡɫ
Цᣬϵ˼ǲ㴦ˣ
ҪˣȽǮȥ
Ȼ֪ķǮ£ɵȥĻˡǰ۰ܵܣȴǰ֪ڸģһС
Ǯ±ߺ󣬴ֻʣһ̲Ѫ֤ǰڹſ̲ѪɫǲãƬ̺𣺡Ǿίֱͬ˵ǣζڴ֮϶ˡ
Զ֣ѲɵŻּ
Ųã֪鲻ã㲻ö޷Ƣ
Իϵ˼ǻᴦ𴽽ǣɱ׹ݣˣڱΪѡķϣϿһ棬ֻɱһ˱á
޲Ҫޡŵ
۵׵Ц⵭ЩȻϲЩǲ˵˵þνξ£
ȻΪ»ؾġޱ顣
䵭Ŀϴˣûؾ׷ɱλҲǻ֮˵ġ
޲˵ģѾ㲻Ȱ̬ǿӲ
Ƭ̣޸֮죬ѵиɣ
Ҳ޸֮ƹܻǲ±ŷʣ޲Ĵ֮ģֺδ֮У
۵׷̣ԭ㣬˵ƺҲеֻǻǲǸһˮƽȻ佫佫ǷҲЩĳĻӪнҲʮˣЩ鹤ҲѲǵġ
㻹쵽Ŷʱðһ㡣
̧ͷǰϵ뷨飬Ϊ˵
ųĻ˲䵽ߣסˣ⼸ˣȥڸЪţ޺ʱ㣬ٳ
ҪĿ
䵭ǲϻ
ЦˣϼȻᷳȻҪΪϷǡ
һ٣Ŀ
ϵЦ⳹ʧڵϺժͷڣޱϼȻִˣҲ˵ʲôֻǶԲЩ޹ʱְĲνǣǣʹ˴ȥ󽫾һְȥ㽫ϡ
סȻû뵽ξ


 79 

ǬھƬ, üͷ㵱Ҫǹ٣
ˣ֪Լڻ㰭ۣ˹Ҳ, ʡǻᷳ, ޱ˵ֱ֮꣬, ˡ
˵գһ, ֱת뿪ˡ
һֱڹ⽹Ⱥ, Ͻӭȥ, һϵѪɫˣ£
, ҵġĿһۡ
ϸȷЩѪǽĺһ, һӵĻʣΪ±ſЩֻ
һͬѾͷ, ϵѪһ䣺£ô£
ûʲôҷŴǮһ, Ѫġݻش
æʣ´̵ʱɾˣ
Ǯ, ôҶ֡Ц
ƶʱˣǻϻ᲻𷣵£
ҪǮ¼ӵһԲ˳Ҳó˵, ԴֻǮԼʧ׵, 𷣵, ȵǮ²㹫ƽವ
𴽽ǣǿǮ£ôɱ, ֻ֮ܲ
ҲǱǮˣ£²ܰȻֻеһˣ˵񲻾ǵˣҪ˵ñǡҧгݡ
ӻǺơ
û佫֮ףʰûУƣƺ޺޵
бһۣѾ佫֮ˡ
ͷͬʱһȷӦǺ⣿
ִǼνȰסɴǹˡЦе
ĿͶ΢΢ſˣɵɵġһˣôôȣܱԹ٣ǹ֮󲻾Ͷʱ䣬ú㲻𣿡
ãôܴǹأƷӦ۽Ƕˡ
ΣҲûӡ
϶еģٺú롭ҪȥϽǧ嶯磬Ļ£ϽŤͷ磬ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ŵưͣϽȰȰ£
ĬĿúʣǴǹ٣ɻҪϽ
ͬ˵ˣȥ㽻Ц
۾һĶ´Ľ
Ҫģ˵껰һת˿̲Σظ֮˵Ϣ̸ֻչˣҪչ˶ã˵׼ˡ
һ˱á
ƿֿǸһãȻʣô˵ʲô
ҪС̾
ƣܱ𣿡
ЦЦû񷽲һݣ㲻ٶˡ
һ·ɳ۵˳һżʰֱӾҪ뿪֮ҪߵϢ̸ͬ˰κ̾Ϣһܳȥõķˣֻǵˣ׳ô죿ǿɻһֱŵӡ
޷ˣǱѾǹ٣ôġ
֮üҪ£
Ҫһߣʡ
֮ף³ұ㲻ˣβͬҪҲŷģýǱߵļѾδ̣ȥһһ¡
Ǿ͸űǣҲţһڸűɡ˵㽫ϸԸһ顣
ܸȥüͷ΢壺Σô죿
ģȥ˽֮㲻ٳţԼΣ֮У˵Ҳȥ˼գҪջϱЭ˵úƶ
˵ˣ㲻顣ӦˣֱӴ뿪ˣȼ֪ʱѾ쵽ˡ
û꣬ٿȻ˲˵ļĸо
Ѱ˲ܣһֱſڴ˵ǲܣϲ˰ײһ˺ţײǵĵطһӣҲˣƫƫתע˶ûС
ֿͬ죬ȴоֿһ㣬ǰҹȣյԺʱһίԼΪôصˣԼҲͰˣһ뿪һֱڶûѶҲ֪½ˡ
˵ԼڽʱҪĳɵط껹ǵһ£֪Լζ
˾ģ˼ͬةǰ˵ԳһЦԼǷħˣȻþܳˡ
뷨Զĵ˷Уֵʮ㣬ǻþҲδʵˡĬһ˲һֱǽڵŤſڵķ򣬱㿴ԼһϮѣѾߵǰ
Ϊ˯ˡۣЩȡ
ȴ۾͸˳˵ô˯Ҳˡ
ŻǱģҪǸ𣿡˵ŵǸȴ֮ġ
ĴˣҲͬһʶ
Ǳллˡһ
ǰһһģСڴκʶĸˣߵſʱ̲סͷһۣѵ£Ͻ뿪ˣһ߻һ룬˵ǵ˼ϲ£ôţİƺҪȵ¶أ
ͷеĶ˲֪ةʲôֻǼ˵Ż
ôͻȻˣʡ
ɨһڵ㣬տġ
𴽽ǣ֪˵ǼٵģһǸˡܲǰԳƱҾ͸ˡ
ȷ˵ǼٵģǰԳƱҲ飬ֱӾ͸ˡ
Цγ˹ָһ£ϵĸȥ㽫ָĿϣܸо
Ĭãޱһ䣺ˣå𣿡
˶٣ͬλãȴǸðͷֱ̲ס˽

ĬĬ֣˾󻹲ͣҷȥʱû̫ࡣ
ʲô˵ˣѾ͸ˣǸ׵׵αӡбһ۲ֱûͬƽϷð¡
Ҳʶûᣬͬ£أΪ˱ܿϣ
㵹Ǵǲٲ²±ǧĻȥΪҪܳĽõĲһһڵĺš
˼Ƭ̣ҪΪƻջسֻǵǱܳǲģ֮ǰӦ˱°ɡ
ȷҴǹˣ˵Ҫϡ𴽽ǵ
˶٣΢΢ףΪ佫ʣͷʲô˵佫Ҳ֪ôˣܿʣº£ҲƲϵ
ŷЩͲʻ¡Ϊ档
ǰѾԹһλĿŲ׽ȥˡ
˵ǴνΪ㣬Ƿ̫ˡǰͲôá
Ƭ̣һ¾ϣƺôƽɣ
ôͲƽˣѵΪŽģ۾
ƤǰҪûʱҿ뾡ֹˣɲǶԵ˦ӣ䳰ȷȰˣ¶аһҪΣ

µʱѪͬͬܣֽ֣ʵ㲻ʲô£ԲŻ׵ĵûңһƣµʱҲҪġ侲
Ĭã˼ǲ챾ˣ
ģǷ࣬׵ģԴһǸһЦ⣬˵Żǣס֡
ֳȥңˡ
Ҳûа취˴ǳûбֶҲ°ɣľȻܿ㲻ˡ
ͷλãҲû£ֱֻҪɴ˿ڻָˡ
±æֵ󱳴ס
æĿҶ˴ܵġ
±ұ㲻ˡ
üҲҪһ˿ڣʲô
һ˲ײǵĵطӣǰҩʱҿĺǶġ
ԶʱãӣͲٰˡ˵Ҫȥ𣬼ţʱ䣬֮һһĽҿ
ײ価ɫӱ¶˳ȷء򴽣һѣôģ
Ǵ򿪵ҩش˵ΪŤı۾ǾöģǰϰɣĪǿš
һϣһº⣺ȻֲãƽսҲ󷽣ɱĲпһٱҲ˲٣ʲôŰɣӦþˡ
²ͺá
һҪ˵ſھʹŷƵ𣺡£
ͻɫʱԭ
ֹ֮˵̧
򴽣Ȼƺ֮һͬˡ
Һͷһͬү֮Լ
ͷûʲôˣ˿ڵúúš
֮ſ֣سһݣлα¡
лҲϽ
ɫǵµķӦõģλصл
ˣûˣαضЩڣϼˣŤͷƣһпɰ׵ˣ
׵ˣ¿ҪȥЪϢʡ
΢΢ףȥɣ·ҲǷˡ
ҪȥЪϢͻȻʡ
ͷȥʱŵ᷿
ǰԳƣ֮˼Ŀһۡ
ֱӺߣüͷʣ²ͬס
ˣˣûԼסϢɣҲȥ˯ˡ˵վȰĻᣬֱӳſȥ
ƸϽϣֻ֮΢΢ףүصģҺͷƻչ˺õ£ֻ˾ǡ
Ļ΢䣺ѾߣѾź±ɣǲˡ
еռΣ֮üͷʲô˵뿪ˡ
Լʱŵ᷿󣬱ֱӵ˯ˣ˯һʱѺоҪɢһ㣬Ķǲģһ£΢ǰŵҩˣһ£ҲǼġ
̾ʹŷƺ֮ȥͬةһš
ۿž͵µˣٹվҪûˣ²ڳȥߣȻҪһꡣǰº͵
۾һڴĿʧЦһţûȥȥԽһ𡣡
Ҫȥˣȥˡ֮ˡ
ɻ󣺡ⶼˣôҪ̣
δˣŷֺüӵ涼ԾҪϸŲһ²У֮˵ſƣȥмµһ𡣡
ǻˡƶʱйˡ
úЦȥͲȥˣмհ²Źʱҵÿգһȥ
ȥǽĵģ֪̾ʹϷǷˣġ
ѹΣʡ
ƣģ
šס
ƶʱˣãлл£
ϽԷɡʧЦ
æӦһű㿪ʼרעĳ֮Եü裬ָЩ͵ĲˣһƬڡةةĿɿڴԼ֮
һߺ󣬷ûӦةĽ˵һ䣺ԭȲ֪ΪҪ檣ȴЩˣӡ
ˣ뷨ΣհǰĿ
һ߿ͷУС˵źֱڴţճڱʣأ
ͬةһšС˻ش
΢΢ףƬ֮ʣƺ֮Ҳţ
үĻǡСӦ
üģ
СˣЩϸˡ
С˰죬ŲôȷĻش𣺡Ӧǵм䣬үࡣ
ʱãޱЩˣͻȻͿڵûˣڵ¸ǰŵӦҡ
˵ǡ
ϸ˵һ檣һ檶ǣֱͨѾͷ²ͬϯ
Сˣ⻰ûӰ
Ҳûָ˵ʲôԼйǵ㲻ɫ΢΢ԷҲӿˣ´ҪңÿЩʰ˲Уŵζ
ǡСӦһæˣ̵ʱڳꡣ
ҲУܿͽ˳ˣȻС˵Ĳſãż
ʱſյĿͷĬˡ
һԵСֱƬ̺̲סʣҪСȥ°ɡ
أˣġʮƶ
Сʱȥ¡
СæӦһܳȥûһ˻ˣʱɥ
Ĭһ˲أ
ڷүСûȥССС
˵ˡ
һӺС˻ǻص˷ס޷ſڣš
˭˵ǰţǸõС˺ɻ󣬡£
үЩ¹ȥһˡС˸ɰͰ͵
һ£ôˣ
С뵽ɫܲá
üô÷
ǡڡС˼ѻش



 80 

ڡΪʲô󱳵ļ˻ڣü
С˴, ֻڨЦǷưɣж˰ɣ²ȥ
Ǽж, Ҳͷ, ôˣͻȻڣЩãȻˡ
Ҳ󣺡ҾͲ֪, £ȥɡ
õԼȥ, Сæ, ˵λԼ, Ĳһ, үʱˡ
ͷƶһۣԺͬʱֳһűȹ׻ڵ
Ҳ, ˣ϶Ŷˣ»ԼȥɡԴ˵Ϊ˵ģ̬Ⱥ˲١
΢΢, Сһͬͷȥˡ
·ϣʣдûУ
򲻼áС˺żӿŲ
ɻ仰ʲô˼δʳ, ˱㵽˿ͷſڡ
¿Щȥ, СľšСæ
Ӧһ̧űȥˡ, û, ȼյζҩζһ, ˸оֳơ
üͷȽǽϵĴӴ, ͷķ΢ɢζȥڿɻܣ
ſŲ
£ŵüͷʼûչ˯ˣ
ǲ˵ȴ΢΢һ¡Ķ俴Ƭ̣Ų˯ˣҾͲˡ
˵ձװҪ뿪ֻǻδ㱻ץסˣžƵ²׼ߡ
ƣôˣ
һ£üŤͷڣ
Ƶ£ɸɾûһڵĺۼɻ󣺡ûڰΪС˵ˣҪƣ
Ĭһ˲ˡ
ͻȻµȻЩС˵ʲô˼ˣɵͬʱҲЩЦã˵ɣΪβˣ
¶˵һؾΪ˹£ҿ⣬òֻúúҵģȴȥ˷ƣѵҲʡ
üΪ£
»ʡ
һԽԽȥˣһСӼƽ
ǲƽϣ˵Ъˡ¾ЩƣȻ˻겻̷ĳŵɼȴôں
бһۣԼ᷿
Ѿˣ¼ȻˣͱԼ᷿ˣɣ˵룬ֲһ䣬ǵִҪߣҲû취ţͻȻë»Ҫŵ¡
вң۾
ʮƽǣǿ󡣡
һ١
ղڣһڽؾĿף۵ҹҹ˯ţ»ˣҾõҡȻ˵Ļȴǿ
ĬƬ̣΢Ť¾ͺúȰʲôడ
˵ŻЬֱ࣬ӷͷȥˣǰĵطѾһοʱףĲ٣ҩ͸ǲذֱӽ˿ϱɣֲ꺢ͯҲ´΢һ±ŪС
մͻҩ°˵ɡ
Ӧˣ۾˯ɣﲻֱӽңع̫ࡣ
ǣ¡
ͷķ粻ϵ򶼴ϨˣһƬڰҲ֪˶ãͻȻʣǻҪڽضã
գϾͻ롣ȻѾˡ
˵ʱҲŲˣҪǵôߣһˡ
ҰŰɣǻüղŻ뿪ЩָϽŲȥˡ
Ƭ̣˼ҲŰȻߡ
һ磬ʹ鷿
ǶŶֱ¶͵ؽ۶ɨ˵ϡ
ȫһæ°󣺡ϢŭϢŭ
һĶҪ췴Ϣŭŷߺ޵
ȫڵʰɢۣռֶ佫ǹٵݣһʱҲզࡣ
Դӳ´ǹ뿪佫һĶҪߣϻ׼ľʧ˿أ糯ʱ佫Ǳֱӿһ룬ʣЩҲǻҪǹ٣ҲѹֻϷŭ
ȫڰĽʰ֮󣬲СĵȰ˵ϣʵڲо»ɣ˵һЩ佫Ҳ͸Żˡ
ϵ˽վ棬һˡɫȭͷϵ𣬡ѹִǹٺ뿪¾Ϊɲ
ūžŵ²ˣ˵үأȲ˲ȥģƽΪ˺ȫԸ˵һϵڣǰæϸ룬ЩȻմȨһصģΪȴ̲ˣ
ΪҪӪﰲˣ̲ˡ
ȫ¿ˮūȴãֻ˶ѡ
ųæ¿ͷūŶūŸūŶūŸ
л˵û㡣Ųͷ
ȫŸϽūūֻǾãūǳҲǻĵģĺȥסйȴϵ˵һţҲͰˣص˱ȥգϵȴϲ±ίˣŻΪֹ˵Ҫν¡
ԽԽСƬ֮СĵͬϸζȻˡ
ŶĿƬ֮Цǰôû֣㾹˵
ūûУūֻΪϷǣ˵Ĵ˻ϼ¡ȫĻŵĿͷܿϱһѪӡӡ
žͿģûаҪͣµ˼ͷۻʱͷͻȻͨϣˡ
Ŷһ£Įɨȫһۣȫæһվ
һŹˣ밲֮ȫЩȵĿڣôˣ
˵˲˵Ļŵ
ŹЦһûȥǶһӸ⼸Ƿ꣬Ϊϰ˸࣬϶һЩɡ
ſ˳Щֵǹ޺á
֪֮˲òɳ檼㷳ǣһôˣǻϾŲ˵Ǿͱ߳ˣǾ˵ͬ˵˵Ҳð뷨ӡŹ
Цˣһˣʲôӣ
ϣŹֵĿһۣû˵֪벻
۵һ˿мǽ˵˳Ź̲סˣʲôҲû˷ǣҪ˵͸ɱ￴Ƚɱˣĸ佫޹ʴǹ٣
ȫһҪˣϵ˻ģʱҪ໰
һͷ᲻صöԻʽ񡣡
۸ϵģŹһ˳ſڼĿڣίˣܣǵΪȻƽֽŪˣֱӴǹٸѿ
ǹٿɲΪ£ǽüˡŵ
ŹƲƲ죺檲ûü򵥣ΪŸֱŤģϿɱˣǻ֮ʲôֵ֧ģΪƫƫηˣΪǮˣˡ
Ŷһ£˼ĿŹ
Źһ棺صһ룬˭Ҫ˻ϣֻһָ檶ҪƴأҲѹҪ˵Щ佫ŻϺֱŤĻһͬǹ٣˾ҪûûЭĿ
־䶼Ϊƽ˵ŭҪƫƫ˵ĻȴΪѣǹٺͼһ·ָˣüг޹
һԵȫͷ͵øһʱ侹ǷֲǲǹΪ֮
ҲЩԣƬ̺󻺻ʣոʽҪã
檣ŹЩȣڿЦ𣿳ͬ¹ϵΣ˲֪ϻ֪
ȻôãΪҪΪѣ˼Ķ
ŹΪ𾪣檷Ϊˣ
š
ǡǻϵû˵檿ɲΪ飬Ϊһ˾Ҫ佫Ǹ˷ˣûϼնԲ˯ã㲣һ㶼Ϊ飬ϿǧŹŵĹڼŽűߣһ޲ɱ˼ģ
ɫͣӵ̻ػУ޲һ˵ô
檲ŲţŹ˵һ£СʣϲΪ檵ĺԭɣ
Цˣ˵ҲЩҪú롣
ǡǻϿɵˡҪɱʧˣûǸ˵պͲͬˡ˵ŹǰĻ٣һЩˡ
ſЦã֮ɱʽ㲻øƴ
ǻϣôŹ
ȫۿŻϱƽŹ뷨ĬĬ¿ˮóӦǺܻܿˡ
Ź鷿Ƭ̲뿪Ҳ˵һ㿪ʼ˼ˣԽԽŹ˵еһֱҲ֪еķˣҲѹ
ţû֮ǰôˣֻǶüسһ£Щ岻һ᲻õֵĻַˣǽм͵÷Ӫ֣պҪôУǻϼѡ
˼룬һ¶޷ᣬֻܼᣬúϼգûѻҪõ֮󣬼ǷҲʲôˡȻһ磬ϼյļƻˣΪ䣬ֻʣĹˡ
糯ڴ֮ϣ佫һȫˣֻߵĳվԴݳδйľ棬ɫöû˵ֱӷȥ
ʱй빬ӱ޵ȥˡ
ʱȥУټˡ
һֹ˴ŵ䣬ſ£ūط֮ӭ»س
س˼ǣü
Ц¹ٸԭְ佫֮ס
ǱǲܴӦˣţҪϣûй볯Ϊ٣ذɡ˵꿴˷һۣͳһʹ͡
˺Ҫˣ£ǻϵķԸ
ٿˣû취ȥˣǹٺտˣʵæͷҪ¶ˣЦϣдţȥ磬ԻὫ
ű㲻ٸ˵ĻᣬֱдһŽƣͿ͡
ǣ̿ˣͿһ֣ɡ
ˣ
뿪Żڣ˵佫ˣϱܽٻأɵ½ϽðЩһԸҪ佫ҲҪ˻ô죿
ҵҲģоΣ¿ͷ˵һ䡣
˼Ƭ̣֮Уȵòٰȡ
ǰҾͬ˵Ǳ޵ܹɽƳģɻǵãʡ
ףǵá
ҵܹɽɲֹһĻһҶֲĸġζЦ
ƽĿ¸Уֻǵ¿¶ֲ٣ݳĴҲǷֲģгһջִ˵Ϊ棬ָǺã
Ŷǿˮ˿䣬ٵǿȴȥɫ¶⻭Ĵͼգһ۾ܷġ
Ĭһ˲ĵ˵һ䣺


 81 

Ȼ䡮, мִȤζͷҲ⣬ȻԵõĺȲԵġ
۵״ЦĿ, һŻɵû, ϲ֪ǼٵģϽ佻, Ծܿסݳ佫ֻҲͲ, 佫ǲԴǹ, ʱһ, µĴǻΣ
ϱֲû, װʲôͿбһۡ
𴽽ǣҲǹĵ¡
İɣҷŸ, ֻ֪İｻˣ֪пջǲĲ˰ɣ˵˵žһ, ڴϣӹǶɢˣҲ, һղһա
Цʱϡ
մʱ, үһһ㣬ԹιԹԳҩ, ޲һһǵķԸ, ܲһ߷ҩһ, Ǹܾˡ
Լɫ˥ʱ˸ͣϡӽص, ҹЪĸ·ҲʮʱյܾؾϢʱѾһһҹ֮ˡ
Ը⽫ЩţΪҪãȴû뵽ˬ졣
ĪˣʵͷβûȨ
ſеĻüͷ൱һ˵ȫڵܳԸԸ⣬⻢ҲǵˣūŹϲϺϲϡ
ɫźһЩҲǣܹǵˣȷʵǼϲ£ǰ£ƺҲûҪˣȥ޵Ŀͣ˵޷о䳼ˣٽǰȥǼٸԭְЩǹٵ佫ͻˡ
֣佫ǸһͲüٸԭְˣҲʡպٵġ
ǣūȥȫ˳
ɨһۣע⵽ͷϵ˺󵭵ڣּȥЩӣվͻСźһȥš
ȫָһūŲۣūԸźϡ
ԸźˣǰΪ˵ʱ򣬿޻᲻׼ź򣿡Цһ
ȫһ˿ʹūŲΪ˵ڵǻϰǻϲţūԸ־
˵գҪȥײӣҺԱߵĽʱסһʱõĿڣʲô
ϲūţūŲˡȫ˵űصĿ
ŶūŻһ꣬ģüҲƽˣ޲˵˵ʲôɵģǾˣҪȥЪգҪȨ
ϵ治ٹūţȫһ£ۿ̧ͷ
бһۣٲȥ£޿ɾҪˡ
ǣūȥϵּ⣬ȫ˵ͨͨͷҴߵһۻٴͨ¿˼ͷūպ󶨲ٶˣǻϲ졣
˵գ뿪
żڣĲɱһ֣ҲͲƽǰʧԵˡ
Ѿõ˻ҲֱӴǹˣȵ佫ǻسλҲͳˡ鷿ֻʣ¼һˣֵİŻ۵һƶĹ⡣
Ȼͦȴķչ
һ磬ڳ֮ϣɫĿͷһ佫ûеĴ˳֮鷿һֱͨúõӱһƬǽ壬ź۴Ŵͣ
˵ָȫҧгݵʣѾӦӪ֣ΪЩ佫ǲû޵ּ⴫ȥ
ȫһصƬæµػʡϵĻ󽫾ĸۡūǰȥģÿһ㽫ϵּϸūŵĴ
ǾǣҪ췴һֱ޶Ÿɣ
ȫ˵ˡ
ŭ޲ֱɱˣ֪ԼҲֻѣɱˣЭö޷Щ˻ƣ佫ӣҲˡ
Щӳа佫ޣˣЦʵۣҹϢϸ߹˳룬泹׳ݳˡ
ֶˣȴǺް취ڼܸҪȥϽ
ǡȫæӦһȥˡ
һʱܸ
޷ҩζŷζһɧһȥЩҪ³ǿߵϽǰͿյݳսڴϣ۾ÿ
ˡϽ֮ͥº͵
Ͻ䷢Ҳû˼ȻǲúͿˡͥ̾ϢһֱżŹ֣ˡҸǰЩӿʼѾЩϲˡ
˵ģüǰ˵ϽˣֻΪ˶ô˵ģϿûء
ͥüͷ˵з֮ףͬз粻ͬҸʹˣǺúţܶֻ꣬ǲָ֪ܷȫ
һ仰Ҳ˵𣿡ɫ
ͥ΢΢ҡͷҪ˵ϽæתӣһͳһŻһƬ򲼡
ɫһ䣬ʱӸŻûñݻعˡ
һ뿪ŻҪϽʱӴʮĶŻʹһòӵʱ޲һӣõõˣ֪ˣƫ㣡
ףЩͥЦá
ϽĿ򲼣ձӳ̫ϻĶ򶼻ƳʲôˣҲ䵽ұˣϽұ춼ˡ
ǣͥӦһżʣ֪ҪҸװʲôæ
ܰʲô޷Ҫѹ佫ǻسϽЦһ޷װǣʲôʧõ˻佫ҵӳñˣֱһ֮£ֻϧôܽԸ
ͥ˼ĵ˵ͷϽΪҪװˡ
߼ſһˣɫʱˣع֮㽫Լ鷿ûñȫȥдõʥּȥشּҪ̣̻ؾ
ȫһʥּݣͷֻҪؾȴûٸԭְ£֪ȥҲǰȥԼȥֲ˺ò˵»ϻӲ
˹¿ͷϣūǰ򳤹˻񼴱Ϊ˱ӣݲūҲǲȥСȥɣūžڻϸǰź򡣡
ǼǱߵģõԺͼĲ£Ȼżȥģȴֻ˱ᣬͬûʲôϵɨһۣǵûйĿɼȻ㲻ԸȥҲǿͽСȥɡ
ǡȫͷɫһ
뽼ʵЩ룬СӴּ⵽ʱѾһպ
ʥֱּЦˣܵԶҪ޳ܣǰջҪٸԭְ˻װûˣֻϽؾȰ˵佫ǡ
׸ɻǮ£˵óڣǹҪġ
Цӯӯˣȥ߻ϣչʵѲ
£ʥּСӲһѺ
Цⲻ䣺֪ѲҲûӵ¡
ǻϹ˸ô죿СӱΪǷݺò£߲ʶԾʱᡣ
еЦ⵭ЩҲû취ܻôֻˣذɣóҩˣһ
˵ֱתͷȥСӱϣȴƸסˣЦеǿ˳ȥ
صͷڴϿô˵
ҪһȥæȰ佫ǡش
΢΢ףĻ˰춼ûĬһ˲ʣֻˣ
šЦЦ
ã̾ǡԽԽѿҶˡ
źͼƵļһģʾҲܲô࣬ѹֻҪһҪ¹ðˣһðΣգȴǸʵǵòʧ
ʲôأʡ
񣺡ԭûҪӣǲˣҪͬһȰɡ
ⶼʲôʲô
ڽذ֣ѹȴһձһյˣÿһϳԼ˵һ٣ֻǿǿ˵ĵطĥĸоܾϢһδȴֻּܼЭָĹְ
Ȼǲϻ
һһĵ佫ѾûϳˣĳҲ֪˵ʲô뵯Ҳûӣ˭˼ûֻǴǹء
ۿȥǰ취ĳҲʼԼʩѹˡ
ϣϽԴЩ佫ϸֱģҲֻгˣϻǾ콫ٻأ콫½˰ɣɿе
һڣв˸ֻͣ뽫¾ƽϢڳΪٵĸ˾֪ԭڱӪΪʲôȻ˵ȷʵĳЩա
Ҫĳ佫£ⲻǺǻЩçҲҪǹٵġ
ĳȰɣɫֻȥȻ̵˳ȥŹ
Źæӭôˣ
ǶҪ޷Ҫ޽мֻ˵һ䡣
ŹüһЩӺݺݵһͨŵɫЩ˲ȰοϱǵģǾǿϺ۸Ż˶Դϣѵûбķ𣿡
ûˣˣֻܰЩ佫ŵĮ
Ź򴽣Ǻã
ˣȥˣµþСų˵һ䣬ѾЭˡ
ŹСĵʣϴô
ǰѾӦٸԭְȴȻϻҲ֪Ҫʲôɫ
Źĺ󱳣λǻΪأ
ɫ΢
Ǯ½ǰңȴֻǰһڸˣʲôûУҲѹֳŹ̲˵̲꣬һ䣬ԸȥɣϿɲܹ
Ż³һѲҪɱǮ⣿
Źûлش⡣
һ֮һʥּ˽ء
Ѿ͸ˣʥּ֮ߣȥѰˡ
ֿʲôһžʡ
ʥּһӦֻҪһȥɱǮ¡
ʧЦֲֻỢ¡
޷Ҫ˼գ͵Ըֽʥּϣˡ
˾ɱǮ£
ôᣬǻĸɱ϶Ǻޣõؾ͸ϣ˽ô룬ӻҪģ˵бһۣҲ㱨𣿡
²ѾǱˣȻ㶯Ǿͽʥּ׵ջؾơ
Ĭһ˲ĵ˵һ䣺˿𣬱


 82 

֮һ
һ, ȿɲԶˡ
²ǫ顣һ䡣
ЦЦûǫ顣
ƽʱһһģĬĬ˳ȥź֮, ̸˵ĸ˹ȥҪ𣿡
, ֮üͷ壬ҲЩ, Ｘ̲Ҳˣһ֪ô©, ⼸еæˡ
Ƽ鲻, ʱͬ˵, ôʱ, ֮һۣûйʲô
ûй䰡űȥҵµ, һҾͳˡڨڨش
һͬһ֮üͷøȻҪȥΪμͲȥ, Ϊ㲻ϽŻר衣
ƣ
֮һۣȻһָ㣬ȥ, һ鹦Ρ˵ձ㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
ĻԼ᷿, һһκԼΪʲôҪס֮
ڽȻԵãԶھļȴҪը, һαܾ, ʶ֢, ǵźò׵Ļһҹ۾ͨдʥּ
Сּʱ, ǿˣһûʥְּż
£ܸøūŻؾ˰ɣСЩûûҹıǰֱ۵Ѫվ˫ȶӡ
ӹʥּĹǲˣ
л¹ģֻū߰ɡС˵ŻҪˡ
̾ǲߵģлϲٷˡһͷŵҪȥŵͦ
ԡˣū⼸ۺͿˣϻһҪūŽ¡С˵ţʹӻͳһľС
һ£µͷʲôһ뼾Ҳ޳ܵһزˣȿͷŵܲܽȥơ
ӹľд򿪣ȻƷ˶ķͷ𴽽ǣӻСӡ
¡СһֲõԤС
ЦһϵĺⱾˣȥתϣ񱾹ϵʵĻؾ
£Сˡ
ȻǻŤͷˡ
СٴΰѼܾؾϢź󣬼ƢľûˣֻǷϵǰ˫Ķշ֮һ䣺ݳ޵Ц
ȫϽȰοȻ·ʲôһ㣬ֻøСʹɫҪȥҹСǰЩ˴ܹܣǲʹԼ⼸ĲʧܣѾǰǰеˡ
΢һԥȫֱһ˹ϽȥûõĶʲôã
㣡СӷŭҪͬһ̧ͷϼƨ뿪ˡ
֮󣬼ޱʣȥģ
ūȥū֪Ը޷ϽǣɼָžģΨһ뵽ķӱΪϽǣȫ˵Żˣū𷣣
ŵĮĿһۣû˵ҪĻʶȤĵһվȥˡ
Źܿ͵˿źۿһ죬ǰ
ü۷Ż޾Ϳޣ۸ˣ
ϣʲôʱЦŹȶſϻؾСѾ߳ˣǻϵѾˣȥ᳼檣˵檼䣬ﳩˣҲͻؾˡ
Ź˵űҪߣھȥʰȥء
żżȻЦ˳һסӣ˻УĶ޺õģҲ͹ˡ
ϡŹűס
֮󣬼ɿ䵭˵һ䣺Ȼʽ޵ǼȥˣҲȥ롣
˵գ˻صĻ֮ŻⶫҲģʱ񲻿ҪҲ֪ȥͣɻ¡
ͬһȥŹæ
ŴأԼȥá
ŹֹѶûҪˣֻĵ˵һ䣺ˣչȷʵ˲ģǻؾģϧǡ
Цˣ㵹ǻΪ̨ס
ϣŹż֡
̾ɫǰ˲٣ˣģȥؾ
ǣϡ
Ź˵Цģͬ˵˻Ž׼ˣĿͽ뿪ʳǺ͵صڵϡ
Ůʧ룬Ͻȴһ㣬ôҲ
ñЪЪŹǲ˹Ů˫Ŀʧĵһ䣬쵰ٸ۶ˡ
Զڽصļ˸磬Ϊһѣϸ
û£ҡڵ
ƶ˶٣˭
ǿɶȥˣǮ£ϣĹ٣һʵ̫࣬
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Цãﻹֶ
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ЦЦǺãպȥΪһ
ڴӦƬ̺̲סˣ£ǵʲôʱؾ
ˣʡ
ʵĵ˵ͷ
Ƭ̣ǿˣٵգǱܻȥˡ
ģ۾һ
ףţҪա
ǷƵȥ㽼صزˣмҸ㲻ȥ㣡²
ЦӦһ
²һŲձ㵽˽أ˵ʱةǰϽŸ˹ȥΰݣЩʥּһһܾ鲻̫򵥣һϵúܣҲֻ̽Ըһ϶ˣʱĻŲѣֻʲô²źá
ʱѾֱ߹ֱͷȥˡ
Ϊҩһݱ㿴󱳺˵˿ڣȻѾ裬ɲֵطǺںںģէһʮֲֿ
һֱ˱ˣ񿴵ʱһ˹ʱŻع񣬼ҲҪ´üͷͲˡ
лϡ˵ɫõڴϡ
Ž𣬻δ˵ۿȺˣ㻹֪ˣ
ƤһĬĬ
űȵĵǸϼýܼ˵Թˣ˵ľһ˲٣ҲûǰǰѿҲҪæԲųٳûӦҲ֪ˣʵڳ鲻ʽܿˡ
¶СӸ߳ģ˵һЩ֪Ĳ࣬Щһֱӣʲô˲ˡ˵Ҫޡ
˴ַɵˣĬĬٿޣʼ˼´ιŪһǷС
䣬һ˾ӵģȫ֪ЩʲôĻ棬ֻȻĿޣ޵üЩǸĻ˳ھ˵˳޵Ĳǣ޲Ϊ˳ºԻʽ㣬ʽͱ޵ˡ
ʲô˵ˣ֪ǰǱƵûˣЩ佫Ҳȷʵ񻰣Щˣһؾѵǡʵ
ͷۣͱˣ̬ջȥС
ǡֹ
ųĬһ˲ӻͳ
üʲô
⻢Ȼʸʽģ޾ûϢҲʽĶʽ¡æ
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Ȼô˵ˣô᲻ա˵ۿᣬĽˡ
û뵽Լϣгһջͳȥû뵽ͳȥ󷴶һȻʽˣ͵ûسˣ޻ΪٸԭְҲͬһؾɡ
ԥ
һֱĬʱ˵һ䣺ãײȾһͬһȥ
ǾһͬȥҲʡûʽܣ̵ʱ̫ҽ·̫ҽϣȻûʲôµġ
˼Ƭ̵˵ͷȻѾ׵Ǿһͬȥɡ
żڴӦһֱŵĳ׷£һɿɺãǰһֱȥǱߵʱϽԱ߶˶㣬ֱֱˤϣֱˤһ׵Ĺİ
ۿŹİʱĬˡ
֮󣬼̽һ±Ϣȷ赹ˡ
ô˵Ҳ÷һ²ǡ
üһûסԼҲ˵߻һܣ΢΢һҿĶūǶͷţû˿ҷŵľٶˣٲһƤ
Ƭ̣˿ͷϵȴǴڵģǻҪһ£ΪԼûܽ˷ס



 83 

ʱ, ƫĴһ۾Ͷһſ޻ʶһ, Ӧ̽ʣʽ㣿
ϣˣ̫ҽ˵ǽ˼ػ赹, ֪ԼĵܾܵĿ࣡ʹĿޡ
ŸѣԿ, һһԴʱʹ˻һ, ʶԼǱ, Դۡ
̫ҽΪϹҩ, ϸˡæ
ͣ, üεʱôޣ
˰, ϲǵˣһ޹
ϸ룬Ǿû޼ǵõʱۿһ
ǻϿˣǰ, Ųʱٶ̫죬ʶ壬оһ㡣͡
ŵʱȻ赹, 赹ǰĻǵò, ˵ˣҲЩԼļ䣺ѵ޴ˣ
ô˵, ʱȷʵǷ, ֻ, ûܷסϲ˵һˤˡ΢յ
ŵɫŻЩʽ㱾ͽ, סҲû˰ɣ
лϹģûˡ˳ش
΢΢ףͬ˵˻ʱǮ£֪ûʽίˣع֮ޱ㴦Ǯ£ǻʽ㻹ûޱ塣
Żϻ赹ʱ˵˳һͨ˵Ϊ̫ԣϲŻۻ赹Ҳʡˣȷʵ̫嶯ϸһ£ǮȻçײɶԻϻĵģɱ˾̫ϧǰȻѾҲΪˣ¾ʹ˽ҹɡ
Ŷһ£㲻ɱˣ
ɱˣɻҪģ˵䣬ͿΪжʱмֻûб¶֣ͷһΪЧˣڻߣҲܰˡ
ǡ޾ͶлʽˡЩӣص·ϣԼǺ޵˼£ҲθԼѿеѿǵûУǴ£ͻЩڲ֪бɢɾ
飬΢΢˵˻Ҫˣȥʰջؾ
ҹذɣٵˡü
һ£ǳȥԸһͬϻȥǽʰúٸϡ
Ҳã΢΢ףҲˣ޷һֱͬʽ˵Ҳûϸѯƣ·Ҳ£ȥ
ζ˵һ䣺Ͽˡ
˵գ˱㶼᷿ȥˣȥ뿪ˣȥͷ
ſڴϣɫ𷽲ƺһЩҪ´񣬱һסˣͱپˡ
лϡſá
ڴߵӹȫݵĲ裬һں󽫱ӷ£ʽ˵Ȱ˵ɱǮµģ
ǡش
˼ĿΪȰ˵ǮºˣѵͲɱ
Ҹ̵ȹټңȾ󳼣Ǯ˳£Ҳ֪ģʱȻûɱǮ»ãֻҪԻãͲ˽Թ˽Ļش
ųĬãŻ˵һ䣺ⷬ˵õģɶˣΪεҪʽ͵͵뿪йܣ
ͻȻ뿪йӪֵ˵Ѿˣôʲôûõ˵˳Ц
һ֪ԼԹëһº󵭵ǮաǣұΪҪ췴ԵȥʱұӦˣһǵһֱᣬΪ˿Ǯûз⣬˭֪˲˵Ӱ˻ϵĴ¡
˵ʽ㵱뿪йΪع᣿ץסеص㡣
΢΢ףǣ¶ԽصܸȤǰҲͬǮ˵ҪǮ¾ܾˣ֮²͵͵ȥһͻй˭֪Ǯ¾׷˹ش˳ٻйֻȳһȥ˾
ҧгݵĵһ䡣
˶٣ϣôˣ
û£ֻǾǮ̫ˡŷ˵һ䣬ôһǮ¶£ǼйţҲû֮ˡ
ûн仰
˵Ĺ򣬼ܿˣϣѾ˶źˣ𣿡
ţ̡վ
æӦһǰһ˸Խ㳯žķȥˡ
·ϣſϣͼڲߣ˰һ
£Ȳ衣˵ţ˱ˮݸ
ҪӣҪҹ·̫ˮǲôá
һ£ȥӵ˻ǻǲˡ
ȾͺȣˣһȥƹԹԵ
ֲûѾߣΪҪͬһȥ
ҸŲ𣿡Ʋ˵һ䣬漴øƽˡ
ô޵⣬˿̶⣬ʱס졣û뵽ιԼԶһºʵĲˣֻǺŶѵĽЩҭ˵̶¡
οƣ˵Ҫ²ˣ˵ʲôʱȥ𣿡
˵ٻð£ȥҲãⶼˣҲȥ߳ˡƻش
Ĭһ˲ϵЦ⵭ע⵽Ĳԣ㻺ʣƺÿʱȥ߳ǣʲô⣿
ô֪ÿ궼ȥ΢ȡ
˶٣˵ʵǰڳʱע⵽ġ
Щͬ˵ˣ𾪡
бһۣûв
ۣʮʱ֮ڵֵľǺ󣬼ÿ⿴һھĿǰⷱǡ
ȴֻ¡ںƲһ䡣
бһۣǿƳȥˣ㿪ʼ˵뻰ˣ
Ҳ˵˵ͣһ˲Ⲣǻ뻰
һ³еĿһۡ
ԼĻްֶݣüͷ΢΢һ£ȷЩʲôʲôû˵
˾ζŲٸ·ȴƬ̶ЪϢŶû漾빬ˡ
صƱȥȴھܾˣ׼һ۵Ҫȥһˡ
㲻ЪϢƿ׵ɫʡ
΢½еæˣһЩ¹˲ϣֻȥ
ʲô£ɻ
°ͳһʥּϷĿȥǮͳ졣
ƲĽʥּùһۺ̻ȻҲҪȥȥȻʥּѾãŻһǮҲǿԵġ
üҪܾɻͻȻͣ£λȥ
ţ̵ͷ
ɨһۣԴ㣬ҪӦһ
˵æ
һ֣չ˵˾仰㶣Ƭ̺ҧӦˡ
һļϣҪߣ˵ҲҪȥͬһˣһʮֲԸģǸˡ
˵ʱǮ鷿﷢Դ佫Ǽǹ٣ԼµԼ³ȥؽӳʱǾôȥЩһֱԼ鷿˴һ㲡
׼ɵõȺϢʱǶһ¡
үүôˣողʮһţͿڲ
Ǯ¿ſӣЩˣүүܣסǮҡ
үүģʲôԸһͬе
ǮǿЦð΢΢ҡͷοӼȥˡ
Уλ֮ϣĬƬ̺ǰֱֱ¡
Ǯͳôˣôүô񣿡һ㷢Լ̱Ĺϵ˻δðɣǵϸЩСı˿ڡ
Ǯ³ĬĹţһּ黫һȭ޻ϣʱһӻҪЩĻ˵䣬ʱ졣
ﾲʥּȡɫʹǮµ۾
ǮúʣѾδñְ𣿡
ʥּϣдɱ㣬˵΢΢ɣƬ֮Ųһ䣬˵ˣǵ¾Ų塣
ζʲô۰ίҲҪǮ»˶̱˵ϡԭʮ⸱ģͻȻղˣ򴽷ŻҲǶ¡
ְְԸлֻܷŹְһӣҼӲʮ꣬ǮΨһģдõǰ̡Ǯ˵˵ţЩ˵ȥˡ
䵭Ŀ֮ſڣ˵˲ǵ£Ͳֻˡ
ǮɥڵϣͷЩ̧ˡ
ɫƽԻϵģֻĻһ˵ɱֵ֮𣿡
˵Щ𣿡Ǯɤʡ
豭˹һڲˮá
Ǯһ١
ѾȰջسһҵסˣ㣬ҲԼĽͳ죬άǮҵҫ
ƺһۣЩΪλὫʵŻǮµ
Ǯú۵һ˿ţܿ־Ҫʲô
Ҫ֪ͼгһǻ϶Ե¶ɱ⣬ߵڹΣգܼʱ֪ǣȻ۾ⶼģӦ˲Ҳκβ㡣
ǽȨˡ
Ǯ¾ãֱˣͷܿϱһӡ
𴽽ǣױá
˵տ˷һۣǰԥһҲǰţһͬ뿪á
һߣǮµ˽үүû°ɣ
û¡Ǯ˵ѵ¶һ˿Ц⣬䰮ӵ
üĶͷˣ۸ˣ
ûУүүԼСĿĵģǮ˵ſſڵķ򣬡ǳˣүүͺϢġ
۵һ˿ɻ
һ·û˵ȿ쵽ʱƲŵ˵ЩǵҪ˵İɣ
ǡش
ƾ˾㵹ͦΪ롣£ΪڹʱһݱϣȳǮһҪ㡣
ǵµķҪΪǣ˵ɨ˷ƺһۣյһͬ˵ֻҪسŵá
ƺͬʱһŸԱ
߼֪ʲô£ڹƬ̺ǰ佫ңһæøһΪ֤ͬ佫ǲһģһЩ˾ȥϳҪС
һæµ˼գ佫½½糯ˣԵķЩ˰ٺ»ҲȫԼ棬ôһ¾ô֪Ľ˹ȥ
ʽܿˡſżݲٵ˵Ļѵôһġ
ɨһۣ˵ʵҲǳ嶯ˣֻϣǹ˭պʲô£²ͬҲͬǰĳһ¡
֪ˣʽղϳȥúЪһЪɣŻٹЩӣڹ볯Ҳǻһ¹ϵʱʽҲҪΪȫ
Ϸģһ仰ǡ˵űϥҪ򣬲żʱסˡ
˵˻빬ؼˣͷŵ죬üɿࡣЩһֱ飬ûؼˣһ뵽ڸţʮֵĺá
ܿصУһӭ»ˣ
㻹ţôܳˣ˵Ѱңأ
ɫ䣺ڶ飬»ǲҪˡ
ôЩȡ
ĵ˵ͷͦġ
аɣѵùҾͲˣ˵Ŵ˸ǷȥҷǷ档
ǰȻط˰ѹ͹ȥ
ֱȥԺ治𣿡ɻ
ƽ顣
ԣ˰ѷǷǣɡͷ
ǸһЦ⣬Ŀ뿪ȥԸˣŶԳԺȥ󱳵Ѿôˣֻ·ʱҪעЩߵ̫죬̵ֻģʱѾ͵Ժ
ǽݣȥе³˻ֻƹһۣת޷
޷ﰲģûһ㣬ʲôʶķ˶ߵ󣬱㿴ſѾ˯ˡ
üۺͻĿƬ̧̣ŵȥָļϣ£ȥ˯ɣϸ
һ˯ʮ
ֻ˼ʵڽвѣʶȥԼʱѾˣͼͬʱˤ˵ϡ
˿ڴصһ˲䣬ɫˣҲ˲䱻ѣһ𾪵Ŀʲô
ȥϡҧ
һ˲鳰Цѵ֪ԼѾˣ
˵ֻˣûвСü
ǡ


 84 

Լе, ǱϵģԼΪſţǵѡ
, ˿ûѿ, ϸһۺˣ, Ӧþжˡ
šƵӦһ
üôŻˡ

һˣҷ˵㲻, ҲǿЦ, ˣ
ǲ˵
Ȼ㲻˵, ҾͲ, ԼſŰɣ˵Ҫ, ȴץסˣĴǶʱ𣬡£
¡üΪŤƿ
ڵǽ°ɡ
ֹպͬס, һһǵµķ, ͸øһ𣿡
һ˲, һͷĿ⣬Ĵ, ͻȻת˻⣺ûԸеķ, Ҳ֪ʲôóԵ, 㷴Ҳû£һͬȥ
»δشҵ⡣
, ֮ŵƽգԼ޷û˵ҪͬסģǲϲƫԺҽٸ׼һԺӾǡ
ɿ֣ƽĴӴһԲĶ
㲻ңһ˹ˣ˭ͬסһμ˵úܼ
ʣΪң
ʣɫࣺôᣬйһºұӪˡ
ֻЩüǰԵ˵ô໰ֻЩ
ȻЩɻ
ʵĲ⣬ʱôˣĵҶ⡣
ЩҲ˰ɡεĻشЩ
򴽣Ǻ⣿
ʵͱˣЩ֪λش𣬰̾㵽ʲôأǰЩѾ޴ӿݣ벻кҪԺ󲻻㣬͹ʵ㣬ҲԸŵġ
ǰҲϲԼôʲôѵģֻ֪ģҲͺˣȻͺˣЩǲᣬҲûҪ¶и𰸡
Ŀ֮΢¾ҵⲻҪ
ôأҺã֪ģҲԸ㣬պҲᾭȥƫԺҹҵ޷ҲŻһֱסһ𣬾ЩûҪˡ
´ˣƺҲ㣬ͬûʲô𣬡۵һ˿ԭҲ֪ҶõģԸ㲻֪ҲùּǽһĶϣҲڵеĶһ޶

һʱ伸Ҫˣ˭û˵ֻǾԭ
֮󣬼ȴƳĬջ𣿡

ЦˣΪҪŤͷߣȻղҡ
ǲ£е˻£˵¾Ͱˡ
йЩǰйȴֻͬ˳˫ԣδ⡣
ѾˣǸûĸεģ̫˶ãĺиʲôֻиŬϰպûһһ߽Ϊһ޶ˣڴ֮ǰίҪܡ
ζǧȴûûεЦһˣǰôҲǾصôԹһ
֮˰ɡƤ
üô볯Ϊˣ
ˣ»𣿡ʡ
һҲľͺޱˣ˵ڣԺҲܺ뿪
·ģңҲ뿪һ˿а棬ԵҪҺЩٺЩС
бһۣûͷһڴϣ۾ôˣûҪġ
ΪǶ£ſֻ࣬Ҫˣʣǳªġ
һ䡣
Ŀĺ𽥾ȺΪϱ
⼸ۻˣһ˯ʱŶ˯ȥˣǶӱùУ˵һֱ˯
۾ʱûеƣڵϹʲôֶһ˵ĿտСôϲָоҪ˵ʱͻȻˣ
һôڣ
һֱڣ˵űŲŲһ𣬡´ŵ£ԶЩ¶𣿡
ţˣʲôʱˣ۾
ҲǺʱҽ˸ЩԵ
ǱˣסʱˣͲͷˣȥһۣҵʲôԵľͳʲôɡ
ߵߵ˵Żͷһȥ
Ӧһһȥˡ
·ٶȻ죬˻󣬱̲ס飺Ҫȹȥɡ
ˣá
ֻǾЩˣ˵ֲȣΪ·
Ϊ˲˿ڣɨһۡ
뵽Ϊ˭ܵģʱЩˣһ㲻˵ߡ
˵˳Ժ󣬼㿪ʼҵһһЩ㡣
ôģü
˿ԣû취ϲʳʱŶܱЩʱֱӾˡ
¶ϲüǵÿǰΪҪҷ¥ĳӣ̲Ŀڣ¿ɼǵҰʲô
ϲϺõЩãشɨһۣôˣĸҲ硣
ǸҲ磬ֻ뿼µļԡ˵ԼϲʲôݣΪԼղŵΪɡ
רעԷļԣûйӵĻش𣺡ҵļԻÿҲ֪簮ʲô֪ϲ֮ϲЩʳŵСȥҶ֪
¶Щܱ˵ͱ˵ˡ˸㡣
Ŀһֹۣһ䡮޳㲻ˡΪԵ̫һСľͳԳˣֻøһͬԺɢɢƫԺʱֱЪˡ
㿴סãķ˯ˣʱӵ˵һ䣬Ժӻ徻ʺ㲻
ʮƽûɻǰҵ£·˴ʱǷԺӣ֪Ϊ˰һѶٲнģ
ҵ֪˵ҲɣشЩɻ󣬡Щʲô
ûʲôֻˣҪ¶Ӷѡ



 85 

Ŀ, һʱû΢ǿЦҲţ
ҲûпЦ, ԺҪǳһʧ, ҾͰ쵽ϵԺȥס۾в
΢ʧ¾ôģ
ûϻش
ɨһۣĬĬЩ, ʣʲô
𣿡ʡ
˵һʲôģɻͻȻ˼ıûǴĻ, ·
·, ź»ǿԵġ
˵, 㽫̽˱, ʶʲôæȥץ, ȻֱӶסĴû˼ܱġ
ڵĸһҹ˯𣬵ʱѾ, ֪˶ˣֻſජ
ӺĬĬһԼʲôÿģ
ÿش
һκͶ̥һ, ȫαӳױĿһ, ֱӾʹӴȥˡ
Ҫˣͬһ𡣡˵žҪ
ֹҰִţԼȥԡĥĥߴߴ, Ųһ
ҲǶ, ϴ֮Ҵ뿪, ʱŽѴã뿪ʱûüص, ̾
þа
߼һȥţܾﲻԣȿʱŷӦأƽֻҪ޷һ˲ǰߴߴСүôһֱû¶ͷ
ֱӽѾ߽Ƴȥˣ
صµĻСүڸﰡ⼸նûôȥ档Ѿ߻ش
һ˿Ȥ濪ʼˣ̫ĪǴ߳ˣ
˵Żֱ꣬ƵԺȥˣûߵԺſڣͷͷɳһ򣬽ŷǷ³˳ԺܣȻǷƹЦ
ôҲùӡ
ֺЦ˽ȥùģ
һ£ɫһ䣬żæŵĶܣѵһͽˡ

һĪ߹ȥŵҳʲôأ
߰ɣҪˡƾŵ
۾Ҳ磬㣬һװʲô
˵ʲôҶˣƹ
Ϊβң
Ȼȴûлش⣬ûش𣬻һ仰˵ˣ˲˵ʲô
ǰ˶ֵ£ƶûԼôˣһźǲϳֻת뿪ˡ
һһ˼ԽԽ벻ͨʱӭҪ˵ͿޱĽһתֱӽԱߵ԰ӡ
ڶɣǶɣ
ЦˣֱӻƫԺԷƺʲôˣ
ºγԣһɵ
ЦһٸװͻȻңʹʲôС
£˵Ҫó֤ݵġ治ɫ
Ŀãû֤ݣ˵ʵ𣿡
Ĭһ˲ͲϹˡ
˵˵ס
ãǿˣǰȥǮ¸ϣҲȥұ˸
Ҫǲ׼˵ʡ
̲Ŀһֹۣ׼棬żȻҲҪ
ã
˵ʮգѾȥˣЩæòżңŵղʶ
Сֱ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ǹһ㻡ȣסֵգȥǣҲ£Ե»ǰߴŰɡ
̵Ǵúáһֱӽֳ˳Ťͷȥ
һ£ȥģ
˺Ⱦƣ
򴽣ǵЩ
ЩҰбһۡ
治ɫˡ
𴽽ǣ֪ˣһǰ˵վת뿪ˡ
ۿѾǾ£ϻ˼պˣ紵ʱһ⡣
ϣÿ˻磬ֻĶġΪŸһֱƣ͵״̬Էһˡ
²ڣҲͬ˵˵һ½¡
澲ãŷЦã֪гŵˣҲû˵ʲô
һȥȴڵ֪֮׳ȥˣƵõղŻò׳һ˵ļþôȥȥӪǼƽ佫
Ⱥһˣ̽Ҫ켾ȥһտľ¥
֪Ҿ¥һֱһְǼղóȾƣҪѱְˡһ佫ЦǺǵ
бϢ
£ȥ˾֪ˣ϶ϲġһνҲæ
üҪôãǿҪȥˡ
һ˵Żֺ¥ȥˣȵ˾¥ȲĿڣ˵ã˭ٸҹ౾ƣͿԴϴκȶ˶˵£ɻǵ
£϶ֵܣȨѹ˵ġ˲
Цһ˵ʲôҲϵˡ
ǡһͬһܿ԰ɣæʡ
ľӣһһƬкãҲŽƺˡ
Щ˲ڹˣɤŴ󶯾Ҳ󣬼ǽ᷿ŴϣҲֵ˾¥ʱֵüͷʱ
¥϶Щʲôˣüʡ
ƹæӦһʱȾƵļλ佫ˣһλȲŮӣСĲʶ˭ɼλ˴չˣҲǲ͡
ֳĬһ˲òζ󣿡
СûϸҲ뵽Ӧ֮ˡƹĻش
˼Ŀ¥һۣûп˵
С㣬µ˱ĿƹڵĽ˱ȡȻǰ˰죬ֶûҪӵ˼ֻٴοѣС㣿
ţ̧ͷ
ƹ̾Ǳµ˱
Ŷȥ˵ţת˾¥Ժ˱ȴûá
ƹĺΣԸԱߵС˸͹ȥС˽ӹ˱̲ס˵һ䣺ƹģôλС㣬Ӻ񲻴ð
˵Сǰӷ£ǻģүӣΪɢɢģС˵ϸϳȥƹ˵ţԴһ¡
СЦ˱ˣǰʱЩ˱ϣҪ뿪ʱͻȻʣ¥رֵǸ᷿ʲôʱģ
СĻûãλƽյϰߣҪȵϲŻͣ¡С˻ش
ֿһۣȥɡ
ǡ
С뿪ֵѾʣС㣬ʲô𣿡
£ִ˱õĴ󣬲ͻȻڣǰȥ¥ʱͷƺϲϡ
ѽС㣬ôͻȻ¥ˣǧˡѾ߼
ֿһۣǰն֬Ӧǵˣȥһˡ
ǡѾ߼ǰԲģһʱǣֲ棬ֻһͬȥˡ
¥᷿ڻںȾ̸죬һֱ˰ʱͻȻҪ뿪
һҿȫüã£һͬȥѾĲν顣
ȻûƣҲòˣ˿ֻǿסһѣУӦ˼ˣûȥš
¿еļ˿ү˺档
˵ͱԱһ£ⲻǷϻ˭õ˹˳
һ᷿ʱһƬЦбһۣʩʩȻվ߳ȥûһСߵʱһ˱ˤˤȥ缰ʱֽߵһԣ˵ĲˮһЩڼϡ
⶯佫ע⣬̳嵽ſڣм˵С˿һĻˣæ¿ͷС֪С֪
û£ȥɡϵˮˣᵽһϤζζ̫ǳȷʵȵЩˣҲû⡣
佫Ǽû£ת᷿ĿСһۣͳʣĲˮպպȷûжŵĮڣĿʲô
ʲʲôС˲ס
ǹˤģ𣿡
Сʲô֪СĲǹġС˼ֱҪˣ֪»ôѣͲ̰Ǽӡ
ƾͷˣ˶ģɨһۣ¶ˣ
ûСش
鸡ǰߣǾûˣ߰ɡ
бб·¥Ϲȥæȥסĸ첲һ·ϡȼˣ˼Ƭ̣ǻؾ¥ͬƹҪС˵ֺסַת뿪
һ㿪ʼ˯һֱ˯Ҳѣֻ˯һǵûЩԽԽԺˡ
ԭʱ飬Ťͷ뿪ˡѾǽǰôȵô
ҲûУ˵ű㳯ȥס˲ŵǳζʱ˶ˣ½ȥ˺δ
ţӦһ
򳵷򣬳æھ¥ȾƣĶûȥ
Ǿ¥ʲôˣʡ
룺ǵĴˣȥ֮£ūžͲ֪ˡ
ûѣ
һûûа
۵׺ڳ֮ż޷֮С
޷ֻͼĿżϵζǼ⣬·ʱγžֻǺȾơ
ϵζ̫ϤˣһּΪ㣬ȴû˼ҵãȥõĶЩġΪλζ
ʸɼ˯ô죬ֲֺˡ
ˮֹһ䡣
񣬵˱ˮιȥݵˣֱ۾΢΢ǲǻú磿
š粻
һ˯ЩȻˣҾȻˡ
ֻҪ£±ʲôӦ𣿡ʡ
Ӧһ
΢䣺˵£ܷңնȥ˺δ
¥
ֻǾ¥ͱˡ
˶٣ۣȻأ
з¥ĳõζǼλͬºȾƵĴˣӦòðɣڡ
üͷƬ֮ͻȻ˲٣ʲô˼
ûʲô˼ֻ֪³˾¥ɻȥ˱𴦡ƽĿ
΢䣺ûС
ǵϵζνͣʡ
ãң
ңֻ֪𰸡ɫ
Щۣһʱ벻Щ꣺ô֪Ϊʲôζ֮ûȥطȥˣҲֲܰɣ
һֱѹֻһ˵Լܣ˫ֶʱճȭͷƬ֮Żɿ˵ǣûʸܵ¡
˵Ŀ˼һۣתߡ
һӻһѻ˵
ͷҲأЦˣҪǸҳţպ󶼲
һͣջ뿪ˡ


 86 

ʱ۵, ڴƬ̧̣첲ȥԼѣȻʲôҲŲ, ֪ζɢɾ, Ǹûйζ
޹ҲˣȻ˵ζ, Ӧеġ
ڴ϶ãŽѾ߽Ϊ, ʰѾǰʱˣ
ǡѾӦһ뿪ˡ
ܿ˽, ˵Լͬ˵, һŵ, ʶȤûп
һֱңŵʲôζüʡ
һ£û, Ϊʡ
ǿʲôԣʣҷǵãԼһֱͬ佫һ𣬼ûӴ, Ϊϻз¥ĳõζ
üͷԳ𣬱ֻȥ˱Ӫ;¥һ·ҲûнӴ, ôܻϡ, һ˵ġ
˭
ǼҾ¥Сˡش
ĬƬֶ̣Ȼ󣬿ҲһСõġ
ɳ֮, ҲûӴˡü
Ƭ, Żȥ顣
ǣӦת뿪ˡ
޷Ƭ, ʵھƵûţȥԺɢ, ߵ԰ʱǡüɫĿһ̧ۣŵͤȥˣĬƬ̣Ҳ˹ȥ
¡վǰ
䵭˵£Ѿȥˣվͻиʱ֪㣬һԼԺӵŰɡ
ȴûߡ
˶٣ƽ̧ͷк£
Ŀ촽һº󣬵ʲôû˵ķĿһۣת뿪ˡ
統ϱ˽ظһ¾ȥֱӽҲ˹統˵
ְ鵽ǼҾ¥żҲҵȥһΣ㻹ָʹСˣһΪವ
ɨһۣ΢㻺ڣ磬ȥ
ǡӦһת뿪ˣʱֻʣ¼ˡ
򴽣ߵǰϴˡ
ûʲôԴҲûʲô֪Ա˼ʧ̬ҲбΣһڲˮŵǱ㣬Ҳ浽ͷ
üΪĮȻԼ˵۵һ˿
ε˹Ϊ֮ͬƽϣҲҪʱ̼ס˭ⳤΨһӣУȻӦ겻̷ڱ㲻ȥˣպͲٳˣ𣿡
Ŀ֮ɤ΢Ƶ֪ˡ
δ˶Ƣһ죬֢ڡ֮ǰб߽УͬԼһʱˣͬͨһദݳΨһĳôͬͨһ
ã罫ͬ˵ýպ󲻻ٷ˵Ķ˵ˣΪԼЩɵ̵ͻȻһЩˡ
Ƭ̣Ż˻ûã˯ɡ
ҵҩƫԺͲ´ŵˡ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
㶣ɵüͷ
ûعںãҸˣѾӭҲֻǵкһĵزܴ󣬳ȥһͻãûмʱ
ͬţҲ˵ƺڶм䣬Ҳҿˣÿķʮֳơ
һƬУ֮ˣƸϽ³ܵϢ˵ˣǵʱ֮㿪ˣ£ǰΪѡǼλڵŵټ´ʱǣ
ſӵһͣ˶ġ
ɨһۣѾӦڲ̷Щľͻȥɡ
ȴӦҵģЩǴӦǰ׼յģϸ˵ҲΥԼοֻ뷿Уʱظ̷֣ġ֮ǳЦ
򴽣˼ξܾ
ĳĬб˶ģ˲´Ӧҵģڲˣ뷿ҲС
ԣѾӦˣ˵룬Ťͷȥ֮ʵھǼ˲꣬շš
еĿžһˣޱֻһ˫
֮ЦԼѡ⼸ʮͶʮˣǴЩȻڲԸɣҾͷȥǣΪѡġ
ǾɡֻЩ⣬Ǹһ䡣
վ䵭ĿڵҳԱˣһ˵վת뿪
û˵ʲôֻԲˣ֮̾һͬ˵˱ģ㽫עˡ
Ž˱סȥˣ֮һԺߣ쵽סʱͿһӰվһ£ƽ˹ȥүôڴˣ
̷ΪҪޱʡ
֮ɨһۣǲ˾øźµ٣ѳԴ°ɡ
۾
ξ˵£ҺܸмҲסԼݣǵµˣΪΪͼռ֮Ҳ볤ʱֻ֪һˣȻѾ֪ΪʲôҪ̰ģ
Įͬӣ˵ݣ㲻Ǹ̷ʲôʸͬ˵Щ
֮ЦˣҪǲõ²ˣΪһͬ˵ЩȰֻֿܣһǵԸΪһУǵ³㣬պ࿴һ۶ӷֿϷչ㲻оɣ
˵ˡ
֮Ժߣʱʣû㼵֮ģ
㲻ͬǲʣ֮ɨһۣǵ¾Ȼģӻһ𣬱˵µģȻѾǵµˣΪʣ
Ҿ粻ˡ۵һ˿ŪҲ֪ǶԼǶ֮
֮һ˲ûٿ˵ֻǰ뿪ˡ
֮ӣͼǲ̲ദ֮ȫͻȻ˸С
ϴհһ磬ʱ󳼶ЯҾǰȥºүҲǧҪȥȫڵ
ЦЦ»Ѿͬ˵ˣôרһˣ
ⲻǻԵһЩūģȫ˵һȦүأ
˶٣ϻˣû
ЩˣҲúˣԸˣҪүһǧûʧȫе
ЦӦһ˼Žȫߣ֮ԼطˡƿıӰСĸֹ¸ôû˵ˣʱһͬ빬˶֪ǳˣ
Ӧǲ빬ġ绺
ȷʵûһ𣬵˹գװһ׵ǰյͥͿѾȺˡ
һǰϵ˻δȫվͲȥˡ
Ҳȥ϶ȻҪ𣬵ʱ»Ҫ˵ҪֵܾĲһ䣬ҲΪӦ𡣡
˵ˣҲûپܾͬһ
һ·ԣ˹ſںһųļ֣Աȥڿнһ˲ޱջ
˲ߣ˼ͻȻǣסһ¾Ҫȴս˲Ϸš
£׳кһ
ֹͣЦͬԼԱߵ˴кԽߣߵ˾Խ࣬͸˦ˣֻܱǣš
ºá
˿һ䣬ҲſǿЦӦһ̧ͷ˴ȤĿ⣬֪ѾˣʱЦһ΢΢ҡͷ
ò׵˵УڿԽֳԶһЩֹǣԼ֡Զֵԣ·޲ͬޣֻĿڶƵģվڿտ֮Ҳкϵĸо
ͬ˺ѹһͷ㿴վ佫Գһɣĳǲ֪˼ʲôҲûǰͬ˵·ͬ˶룬մӹ͸Ľ棬˿̰㶼ʣˡ
ͻȻԼ̫۸ˡ
򴽣ߵԣеֶ˶Ƭ֮ǣס֡
һ٣̧ۿ
һԣ΢΢죬ȴ򶨵ģ˶࣬ܡ
Ŀ֮ս֣š


 87 

Ȼǣ, ҲûнһĽӴˣ˲վƬ̣˱˹, ҪȥϢݼŹ, ҲδˣҪͬһȥ
ðЦӦһ, ˳µɿ֡
򴽣վԭûж, ĸһ뿪ʱ, Ϣֱһ, Ҫջʱ, ͻȻͷӳȥ԰, ϴҪʱŻ
֪ˡ뵽չԼĿⲻɵûЩ
ֿһۣŸһϢߡ
ȵѾȥˬ, ͷǷůģȴ͸˿˿⣬ֻյˬС
һڹ, ˻СĵĴһ, ͬˡСģɵЩЦ˲, αؽЩء
ͷ, ǵע, ҲϣϾڹ, СЩĺãǧҪСĺá˺Ц
۵һ˿ôᣬȢȢͣ˽ϻۣܽ׳ûк֮ǡ
ˡЦ
˼ǰߣ˵԰ʱͻȻʣˡðһº档
ʱͬ£ֱӵ
ЦЦ¿˵
˼Ƭ̣ûʲô˵ģֻ˵ãҺδ̫ûϢǻЦ
·ŶûСλӵûϢأǶˡȰο
̾ʵȷʵʲô£ֱŤѡ˵Ż㽫ǰʱ䷢˵˳ֻȥֵĲֻ֣˵ԼСĲϵġ
ЦεĿһۣ˵ˣЦġ
Ц£ֻǾáλߵһ㣬˺Цͣ˼ҶŮӵɷ黨ǲݣҵˣŮһԴףɵأ´ûֻ֪ԼûȴΪλᵣǳԴס
֪ΪγԴףͬ˵ˣ޹ģãǵ֤ݰǰſšüͷƺʮֲ⡣
ü۷ºͣ˵ŻĴ¼޵ƣżûһĵˣҲָϣΨһ̵ıǵ£ɵֲһ˵ĵ£ʱһȻЩһֱɵ£ҲΪ㲻
Ѿŵ겻̷ΪλҪɻ
˿һۣ֪˵ŮûɽΨһԭ֪ĳ˭װˡ
һ£˼ͣ
Ҳͣ½Ųº͵Ŀţǵ֪ҲֻպҲٲɵ¡
ûֳŵ仰˵ˣ͵ֱӸҪһӣδһӵ£֮ҪԼ̷һ£ҲֻΪ鷳ŲҪΪ
ǿһ˵ԼȻûҪϣȻպҪһͨ֡
ЦЦõµԼˣŻȰ£ĪҪ
˵˵޷򴽡
˳һƣ̧żϢȥŻڣ֪²ͬͨŮӣһ檣ɵϸЩ檵ĸﲻһؼëңֻһ˰ףܺãģãҲĴ£֪㣬СӶȻͺ
꣬ɵÿЦһ˵ףûô򵥡
Ա˵ЩʲôһϢѾˣ㺬Ц˵һ䣺¾ѣΪϲպ㹻ʱȻͷϵ˼ͲҪǿԼˡ
ҲǣҲûʲôõģùҹɡȰһͨҲ֪ȥ٣ֻʱ˵Ȼʵĸо
һͬϢԺӣͷѾվ˹پͻף˺󣬱һͬ񣺡μ¡
ǹ磬Ҳؾ񡣡Ц
˵ŹҲӵڳˣ̧ͷʱһ۾Ϳ֣Լֵĸŷˡ
ܿȻҲˣ˶ʱüͷѹ֪Ҳڣ֪ˣȻе¹
޷Цⲻ䣬͵͵˵֮΢΢ʾ⣬˱ȥѰԼĽ˵ˡ
üʱŹѾ˹˳۾²Ǭ幬ôطˣ
Źǲ뱾Ǳ˾ǡЦЦ
Źû뵽ֱҪߣʱ΢΢һʱûӦߵŷûס˵һ䣺ˣʱߣϻΪǹдء
Ź۵һãҲû˵ʲô
˾Ťͷŷˣֱʼ˲Цһѹֹôõļҽ̣ԭŷ˽̵úá
˭֪ǰЩȥ¥˵£ʱһżҵļҽ̣ʱ̲ס͵Ц
ŷ϶ʱģάŮ˵ȥΣƺҲ˵¡
ǰȥΪչԼδֹ֪ȥΪʲô赭дɨһۣŶƺҲΪ˱ķ
ŷҭһ£Ҫʱһʼյ䣬ųӯӯһݣĸﲻˡ
ģֹﲻطϡ˵ɨһۡ
ǰʴȣȻֻģҲ𱰷ǣŷƺֻ죬Ǹ¼ˡ
ŷһƵĿŹŹǵ㲻ֻͣûֻòĵĳϥ񣺡ʧ񣬻ˡ
ЦЦ̧ͷŹȻϱߣȥºȺȲ裿
һֱϥŷɫ΢û˵ҲҶ
Ź¿ɲֱŤˣֻǲ룬˵ԺɨһȦ̧ڱϺõıݴλҲһͬɡ
ҲմմĹ⣬Ϻõıݴ
ҲҪúƷ
һȺپ͹С㳯ŵȥŹǰͷֻˣʲôӣ
ĸˣӣǵ£˵ǹپʹǹ٣˵ȥؾȥأôҲɱȳԶˡŹ
𴽽ǣ˵ôôͨˣȥؽңԭǹæҸм
¸мôûƳȸֽѵ˳檵ɩӺֶŮ檿һҲмŹһ
˵˱߽˵ڣĽŸżŵŨĻ㣬ٿУÿһժ¼̺ɷǺÿ
üζĿŹ
Ź΢죬м˵˾䣺檽վϲ¼¿ǧ롣
Ҷ롣ô˵۵ȴЦ⡣
ŹɨһۣĴҲҪƲסǸϽǰ˼ͬЩ
ЩپСĽ󣬶ڵĻúãŹ۽üҶ͸һãȻ鲻
ڵͦãԺֻʣżĸŮԵЩɪˡ
ŷһҪ£ָϽסҲȥɡ
ǼûôҽȥŷҧгݣĸҲǣҷΪ˰˵ģãûһĸŮ衣
ִĸӦԼĿɡ
ʲôͬǲ׺ѡŷ˷߷ߵ
ûз仰ǴȽŲ֮ſڣǽȥɣǣǾ͵ڳǹǣûô
ŷһҲеߣһһ߲ձֵúһЩҪЩϴˣĸ߹ٷ˵Ļģʹ˶»Լܼܲ޵úãĻˡ
ֶƺȤǳӦһ
ŷ˼״˵ͣ˵˵ǲǻأ
ֳĬƬֻ̣ǾŲƽ
βƽˣŷ˵ۡ
ִʮù˳ǰҲ˼Ȣȥ˷¥Σ䵽ٵľأ˸żףɼأ˵˲֪ȴΪӳףͻȻͺˣ⹫ƽ𣿡
ƾʲôһﻵһΣӡˣһӣΪɸף˾Ůӳĵ䷶
ˣֱ䣿ŷѹŭˣǾһؼңҲʡѿ
ֶ˶٣ջǿڵǸҲһ˵ˡȻļ޸ˣȴһҪŤתպŲѡޡ
ŷһˡ
ʱλСѾĵʱˣСһ˲ɫƽż졣
ŷ˺ҲЦ˵˰Ź棬Ҳڣһʱʮͣ·ʲô¶ûһ㡣Цλϣ˵ҳ̣˵Ů£ҲȤ
ڼֱֵüã̬ǫѷԵķʱҲͬеģвͬλ곤Щķ˶һۣ⡣
һо۵ףֻǺЦĵܾżҪʲôǵŷ󣬱űߵǰ¡
ٶŹ۵һ˿ãʾȻֻֻǹľűӣ£ǰΪĽүĲŻȥ¥ȴϳײ˵£Բƣԭ¡
üѾͷȷʵۣ˵Ǹһ˵Լȥ¥ԭΪԼϴǽòԭ¡
ϧˣǻˣ˵ʹ˷Źˡ
Цһɨһ۵ˣҲţԭ
ǸСѾͷ´дһҲδɡŷ˽õĹٸ
һĸżĹҲӦǰȣײʲô£Ҳͬƽϡ
һ˵˸ŸˣŷƴŹʹɫŹȴֻޱĶǰȫŷһҧҲ˱ӵǰ££Ů£һذɡ
ĸŮˣı㲻ٿˣͬϵõЩ̧ܸ֡
˵Ц˳ŤͷŹŴҶȰȣͻȻǸȵǰЩӱͬ佫ȥ¥Ⱦƣȥ֪ΪΣ
˶һ£ΪʲôҪڹǵ֮¡ѵΪ֣Ҳδ̫СЩ
Ҹ˼Ψְһ
ıŹУŹһ£ϵʼһ䣺ΪΣ
Ϊ˵ڱᵽ˷¥ĳõϣ˵ȥ¥ˣҪһƺȤԽ˵ЦԽԡ
Ѿһ顢ȴûϵ˶˶٣ʵ¥Ϊλĳϵζ
Ҳ氡ȥ飬ñ鵽ˣ𴽽ǣԭǾ¥СУӹʱǡˤŵˮõ˱ϣȾζ
ŹֽӲģüͷԽԽ
˵Ȥ㻹˵Ϊ˵飬Ӽȴʼͬ£԰ɣϼ۸񶼲ˣǷ¥ãӦøЩһСôأ
Ҳ֣Խȥ̵ϰ壬ֹֻ֪ȥˣСЩֹͣ΢Ϊɺϵǣͬ佫ȾƵľ¥żҲҵϸһʣԭֹҲȥ˾¥̫ˡ
˻һ˶ʶˡڳĶ˾Ļ᲻˼
Źֱӳ֣д£
ŷҲɵˣһʱ֪ηӦ
عĸĻȷʵȥ˾¥Ϊ˲ˣûһ£˿Ҳ˳ۣԹݺɡֲ԰һ
Ϊô̵ʱڱɲ˵ܷЦøˣ֤أС˺ƹģһ佫֤ôָʹѾȥģҲҧ˲ϣƫƫȥԼһڹ̨˶֪ѵѾ֪˻֪
һ֤˲̱˵ϣʱ̫ңȷʵ֪Լûеʲô
ΪȣôˣǷһȤ£ֹ㾪֣֪ģΪ֪ϣĹϵء
ֹˡһ͡
ŷ㷴ӦˣæΪԼŮ绤ǰ£ֲǸСȻĻ
ɫͬǻױʴͻ飬˭Ĺϵ۾·ϣ嶼Ҫ˵ŻƽĿ֣ԱֹﲻˣΪҪϸСˡ
𴽽ǣŤͷŹǶǹˣǰصϸˣʲô˼ŹҲףϽ֮ΪֶŮ飿
һ
ΪβɻĿﶼˣѵΪϲ˵㵱۾·壿
ֲŶ۵׵Ŀ־ҲƲס
ĺ˿ڲ裬̧ͷλˣǰһͦϲֹͬżģеĻҪϽȡȹ˻飬ǾǺҲˡ
ŻĹæֹȻҵȻҶ֮
ЦϵΪԣΪǾ˼ΪǸС˽ܣǾΪ˲ظһ֣ϱĺѡ
룬Ҳһһʱ䶼ǶżĸŮϲġŷ˾ŵȥѰŹ鰡С䲻֣
ҲĿŹ
޵ǰ˼Сףξ䲻ˣƵһ䣬Īŷ˾ãŮȱҪ߹󣿡
檡ûǸ˼ŷ˲ͬһŹֻžܾ
˸µǸʱͬԼʱ֪ˣŹЦһﶼˣǲ飬ǲ飿ձﱸ°ɣ֮飬ʱˣλϢŰɣƲƫ
Ź˵꣬תȥӦҲϽϣһʱڿ˴롣
Цߵʱߵ˵һ䣺ʵû֤
ס
νִⲻϣȥ޷ȡЩΣҲʲô£ǰһֱǱýѵ㣬Ǳû취촽Ļȣбһۺȥ
ɫ԰׵̱ڵϣһʱˡ


 88 

ֻ֮ʣżĸŮ,ŷ˵۾޺ˣɼŮѿɫǿοֲ,ȡһȥĸ,ջس
ûõģҵ,૵ſҵ,ͺһֻ,ҵˡ
ҾȥҾҵŮ޸һӵģŷ˱ߵ
΢,Ƭ֮ŵ͵͵˵һ䣺ҵ,ﲻң˵
Ǹô,ҵŮءŷ˾Ŀްپ˵ģ
ķңȴڳοûµģ취,ҡ
ʲô취ŷ˳ҭ
ֵ߬Լȹڣзӵģһеġ
ĸŮЩȣûȥƫ,˽Ϣʱ,Ҷղ˭ҲûŻ¡
Źϯɫһֱ,ҴЩ,˶,Ҳ˸뿪Щپ׵ãҪ,ȥĳűȵˡ
Լο˵ΨһֶŮҲ֪ܲܺúˡ
ˬˣòףصȥ޵
̶С̶
һһ߼ĽŹСս䣬һͷ˹Ͻסˡ
ʲôŹŭʡ
ڨڨһЦͬǸ
㻹ǸŹЦʲôȥˣ
Ҳֶ֪ŮҰҸǰˣܲ۸ɣҲʮԩ˵ˣһֱ۸ңû취˲ŷǿϣһʱҾֱӽɱˣĻЩ˼
Źߵʣһֱ۸㣬Ϊβ˵
Լûϣôͬ˵˵ֶŮ˻Ϊѣʲôãһ档
Ź۽ǶˣҲЩȣʹ˳ȥҪ˵ʱĿǻŭ𣺡ΪֶŮ۸㣿ʱΪˣ

ʶңƾʲô϶һΪѣ㶼۸ͷˣôΪѣŹһ伸˻ġ

޵о֮ɰͰ͵ôѪԵˣô
ˣǲƫƫ㣬ŹҲһ۽ǣȻˣ͵óǵĴۣԲ
ˣΪҵ̾Ϣһ
ŹĬãŵ˵һ䣺ҵΪԾӦûǵðɣ
ǵãΪĸʣΨһĸ粻ռļױͼݣ޸һʮˡ򴽣һʱû˵
ֲ꣬ȻȱǮΪһҪüˣԼŮŹЦһЩҲ˵ںҿǰѪҲԸͬάֱ飬ǲö㡣
ãߵ࣬οĺ󱳡
ŹѿıǲǾҲ˹飬ر֮ˣ
ֻǺο𴽽ǣԭֻ㹻ȴģպ»ᱻ˭ۣǶˡ
Ź˶٣ۿ
᣺ֻҵ㣬ȷǾ֮ͣ䲻ı𡣡
˭ˣ̫ࡣŹŤĺһ
ЦЦ֪㲻ҾͷˣŻھҪҪŹ֣ڿˡ
ѾͷҲȷʵͼҲãպǳżһܵ¾ˣҵȹ֮ͬ˵Źü
Ӧһͬ˵˻뿪
پȻҲĵܵǰߵ˵һ˵ȶ԰ֱӹȥˡ
ʱһ˹ˮر߿㣬ȻϿ֮⣬ɼĪͦġ
򴽣ĬĬߵ¡ʱŤͷˣºʣôʱͳˣ
ǱЩ廨µ£ҲͲȥˡЩŲӣ˵Ҳô硣
ķ֣ԼǰֲԳƱˡ
Ƭ̣ס˼֡
˶٣Ťͷ
˴ˮСġ
ã΢΢һʱûӡ
˰ڳߣĳ佫߿֪о۵һ
ǲǳˣɻ
׳Ҳüͷ񣬿ɰµӣ泳ˣӦŤͷ߲ǣΪλҪһ飿
ӦûɣλɶʲôʱһôôǷ޶һĳֵ
䣬㱻ĳ佫һͬˣ˵ʱĵĲһ䣺λ뱳˵ˣܲСһЩ
һ٣ϽŹܹȥˣһİͷŤȥź淢ĬĬǣ֣ͻȻĵϵĸо
ɢĥʱ⣬ת۱㵽ϵʱ򣬹翪ʼˣͻȻЩǿ˻ظ
̿ڵʽ㻹ȻصЪϢ޽̫ҽΪһ
ҲУȻͬˣԭҲߵģֻȰˣһͬ뿪ǲãѾţһɡ
üƬ֮ǴӦˡ
뿪ʼкüμʻû󶼷ܹȥˡ
еһʱһŮ˹·µܣүҪȥ
͵վ˶˹
鵭ǰԼһ񣺡ϣȥ¡
ȥȥɣҲЩġȻӦ
ӦһŹŮҴ뿪ˡԶϵ˿ԽԽСܿ߾ֻʣ͹ŮĽŲŹŮǰߣΪһ˲ѹͣʱѾһƬɽǰҵվ
ͣ½Ųֱ˹űߣ·ĹŮȴ֪ȥˡ
ӣȾң¼ǺҵҪһ£ҺСȾҪҼ޸һūţӾҡ۽Ƿ죬
ĮĿġ
ӣҲûа취ˣһֻĽ㣬ҪҼ޸Ըˣţ˵߽⿪´Ҳܸ檣ֻңͨҲǺõġ
֮ǰϲֻʱةӣǸ߲ʵ£ϲȴֻ֮󣬲žԼϣȻԽԽѾزͷˡ
ۿһһˣֻǵĮĿûпֹһ˿ڴȻЩִ٣ɬ
һһվ˭Ҳû˵ɽŹۿһĻ
ȥֹ𣿡Ůǵʡ
ŹЦһֹʲôͲǳ¡
żߵġŮ
Źżңֻһڵżңżңڵȥ֮Ͳˣνɲߡ
Ů̾û˵ˣǺŹһͬǱ߿ѵֻʣһСʱͻȻڣԹ۵ʲôʱ򣿡
⻰Ƕ˵ģǶ˵ģŮһŤͷŹ
Źһ˳ȥڿɫˢһ°ˡ
ڣǲѾˣ䵭ʡ
־Ŀĸ
ž
Źһ˦ʱöûӦ
ҲҹĸŹЦĸ׾ô
ĸֵͷ
Ź̧ͷɫµˣǸ߸ϵģǱڣǲǾʹѹˣ
ǡش
ŹЦˣ㵹Ǹ˵
ԼҪѣҪżŵҺ£ƤŹ֮ɫˢİˣȴͱ㵱Ը⿴Ůˣҿһ۶ࡣ
㣡Źŭ
ɫƽʣµ¾ͽŹˣһһҪȥ£һ
˵ͷҲص뿪ˣֻʣżҹֶվڼɽǰ
ҹĻʹĽŲˣߵ˼ЪϢĵط˹˵ȰֱӴ˽ȥ
һ㶣ôżʲô
ߵߣͻȻϥڴϽһֱϡ
ּĶüһ㶣漴Ӧƺ˶ٺɵñסͷʲôˣ
ҵ۾ˡش



 89 

Ϣ, ŹɫĿżĸŮʧǵĹڵϣŷһĨ˵֪˵ķӾ, ôҲȥ, ºˣ涼ɾ, Ҫô찡
ֲ˵ֻǾĴ, ŷҧҧȥŹ, Ϳڹķ, ΨһŮɣ
Լ˷֮, ΰŹã, ǾǸС˳ף˵Ͳƽˡ
ŮӣҲҲͰˣƾʲôǼƽϣŷŭ
Źʱͷˣ, ȥ˰
ŷ˶ʱ֨ˣֻίı߿ޱ߰ο֣侲Щ, ɫ԰׵ĿŹĸ治ϰ𣿡
ǲϰ, ֻǱҲ֪ΰ㣬㲻ϼ޸ǸС, ΪżҵֻȥˡŹŻ
ŷæҡͷҪС, ôȥֵط
ǾʵʵżˡŹ
ŷȻϴӦ, κ󰧰ǲҪˣʲôҪ, ﲻҪΪָ飬żԸһӣֳȻ»֪֪ˣȻӦģ
ֵۿҲˡ
ŹۿĸŮβŲǵɩǰԱ˵żҵȱҪ㱾ƣҲܸıɩ⣬ôֵԼŮͷˣںˣ
ŷһ˲һʱ䲻֪λش
ŹһЦزҪÿΪ˭
ҺֳֻôһŮŷۿˡ
ŹƤĸĸֺγֻһŮ
ŷ˲û
֪˶ãּɬһֱںǣԲŹϼ𣿡
ԣǲǹģŷ˱ɫҪǰƴͷ
ǰǻ𣿰ôΣǶȻֻһβǾ˵ǣŹֻЦ벻Щֻ꣬
ŷ˰Ľһȴһץס
ˣ󡣡侲
ŷˣǡ
ؿˣ˵ŲһͬſŹ̫ˣڹһҹһżңʱҲҲգȫƾﴦá
˵꣬ŷһͬȥŹۿԶδǡ
ĸŮ޵ŷ˼ĸδı⣬ܾôѵҪˣ
ǣ˷ʱ䣬Լ뷨ӡֵ
ŷ̾߶߶ԹҪԼ뷨ӣ㿴ԼĶЩʲôӣԽŪԽ㲻˵ĸǵ¾ˡ
һһԣִҲ޸һūŵġ
ŷѾˣ̾ʣȸʲôӡ
Ͻ˾ƣӦϢЪϢֿߣҪһƬ԰ӣȥ
ŷһ㶣ʶҪʲôĿڣɡôȷϻᡭ
ϲĸЩϻᶯĵģִÿ˶ҲʧܵڶΡ
ºҪζĸŷ˼ѵʡ
ֳЦһʲôɽģϰңλķ
ŷã·¶˾һ˵ͷ
һߣһĪڴţſϲ϶ǸоȷʵãΪĺͽ·ˡ
ʱͻȻʣ·˵ںЩ𣿡
öˣ˵ǵõöˣŸҰҩ裬Һȹˡش
Ӧһû¾ͺá
˵޵ٴ˳ĳĬ
ž˻û˵˼̲סˣ㵽ôˣ
ĬãЩÿĶ
ʲôˣ׷ʡ
˶٣һЩණ
ײаˣãȻʡ
Ĭã̧ͷˡڳһʱЩĻţʹˣǰҲ˵ວ˵Ĵţֻûۼ㵽׿ʲôˣ
ĿãͻȻһԲ´űҪѣһæ˼Ĭĸ˹ȥһֻʣһС¡
ʲô˿ֱŤ¶ˣֻʣӵ𾪣㷽ȥˣǲǱʲôħֲˣ㻹ϵ𣿡
ֵһɫë㡢ҰȻʬɽ𺣼öˣûҿͽˡ
û˵꣬һСҲûˣͫ˲䱻Ө׵ɫװ֮ɫŻЩöˡ

ҹϸ˵ţԱߵıӹϡ

޵ﾲƬ֮󣬼һѾĿ˵ֻл꣬ҪһнУ
һ£⼸һֱŵϣѵóһ˿Ц⣺û£¡
ڵӣһҲû¡˵
ĿãͻȻ˵һ䣺ڵ²ӣ˴Ѿòˣȫˡ
ҺʱˣȲҵģһ죬ײΪ¶ִ˵һ䣬ôͻȻԼˣ
񷽲һ򶨣ȴˡ
һ£һʱҲЩִ٣ɨһۺɺãȻˣڹɣȥϨˡ
ĿͻĿȴû˼ٴοʱŻվŰɡ

˵꽫£˵һ䣺£Һ㡣
򴽣οĽָĺϣƬ֮ʵϸ룬һС£ȴôһ󳡱Ťʵá
ڻ͹ϵ󣬵һ˵ìܡ
ҵĴҲ̰ġ
üҲ̬Ȳȡ
Ǿ͵Ƕдƽ˺𣿡̽뱻ӡ
͵򢣬֮۽Ƿţƽˡ
ǵµ˵ģԺٲ׼ҽ޷Ǿ仰𣿡ʡ
ļָʶºۼԡȻˡ
á°ȥ
ҹԽԽĳ佫Я޴ӵ뿪ˣﳹ׾еĵȼһҹһֱϨˡ
۵ָ̧ˣ΢һȫĸоԾͲˣԺԼһٶȾ˲٣۾ȴֲ뱻ڣֻǿ˵һ䣺㡣
Ѿˣ°˯ɡ˵꣬ˡ
ᳵ·һλãĸ첲˸߹һҡ
ţ˵ˡش
Աĵ˯˹ȥƬ̣Ҳ˯ˡ
һֱ˯ʱֲŴҴͻظϢʱͿΪεԱɫôõŹǰվŵģɫ֡
һ£йЦϿɫƺ̫ãҹûϢã
ãһž͸ˣֻһεЩ͡
üŤͷΨһˣֹɫҲã˵ҪͬԼ޳ˣӦøЩ𣿡
ʲôˣһᣬѾͬ޽͹ˡһڡ
һ£ͬϽͣ
ţŴߣ˵һ䣬޴Ϊˣ빬
ɬĵͷ
üŹƬ֮Цһֶһͬ빬̣ôء
ֶһͬ빬ĶˣʲôѾĹˣҲӦǴ±ôˡżֵ
˵䣬ȫͨˣμϣѾˡ
ɫ΢
Яŷһͬź¹񣬼ֱˣ޽ǰҪͬ˵
ҪΪ˵˵ˣĺŷ˶һۣæл·ѾȴһˣȫںŹõ뷨̧ۿŹ¶̣Ĭһ˲ʾ⡣
Ź˶٣ðβǰ£ȻҪ빬̣ǳȻҲ˵ʲôһжϵġ

˵ʱһۣίˡ
ίίպ飬Ȼջϲŷæ
Цһ޲󹬣ƽҲȷʵģ飬ҲǷˡ
һһģǽ¸ˣŴҴҽ뿪ˣһ˲ֻʣ¼ˡ
£Ҳ߰ɡ
ŹһۣЦ֪ί빬ҲǺ£Щ궼ûã»ӣҲմ⡣
Ļ̣ȴ׼ȷĴķ򸾵˼һû˵
Ź̧ͷ֮𴽽ǣ˵ǡ
ˣûٶ˵һ·˳ȥֱȻ鼫Ƭ̣׻û˵¡
²صģŹзִġס֡
֪ôҵ͸ɱ
ɱǷӣֻλҪȿŹδáڡ
һ£ûٿ˵ˣһ·ԻصУһӭӵķƾ͡סһ
̧ͷôˣ
Ǻͺˣһʡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥŷǣ֡



 90 

ںͺ, ǰʲôɵƾôָʱͻȻ˵㶪˵ĸо, ͼֿ, Ȼ·֪ҪʲôĬĬս֡
ֻܸɿһ, ѵƵ˵ʲôأҺúõ, ʲôкͺˣ
빬ʱ, ڶǣ, ѵǺͺãһ޹
Ϊ, һ²ؼ̺һ, Żţͺˡ
Цˣͺ˾УտǰҶۡͺǺ, Ҫȥ߳нնЩóԵĳ
ˡ
û˵꣬ѾԶ, һѣȥ, ֵȫ֪
ظô˫۾֮ܿı仯, 㽫ƽл, Ҳ֪Ǻͺ˵ġվû
õü֪ǿ϶֪, ֻǲ˵ЩͲŶ𣿡
Ƿޣ޼䳳, ʲôɶ˵ģ˵˶٣ڵδմгЩԵҲá
˶٣ź֪ĸо
ȻˣҲûʲô˵ˣֱ̾ȥõˣΪԷ̫Żǰ˰ʱ
ƺ½֮һģú󿴵һºЦͬүͺˣ
յⲻ³תƻ⡣
֮ЦЦһ£Լ˲˺ŶꡣһĻĬƬ̺
һ˺һţֻǷΧ࣬ҲǰҪЩǳǻֻҵͷԷ
żʱ֮Ҵ⼸߳ȥ
Ŷʲôʱǰ˵һ£ȥһϸ٣Ȼȥæ
һͣҲҪȥ߳ǣ
ţӦһ֮ǰǴӦôһȥ
߳ǿຮǵҪȥҲ᲻á֮Ц
бһۣǵؽȥĶˣϴȥԭūˣȥãΪȥã
Ϊ˱߹ذ²Ѳȥ񲻹Ϊҵ˽£ȻûҪȥˣ˵һ·ȥҪ̵⣬һȥһҪˣ֮Ȱ¹ԣھҾУظͬȥ
ǰѣһǵģǾ£ֱдŽһǣҶӦˣͲʳԣҪȥ쳣֡
һֱ֮ĻľһƬҲûʲô顣
һֱ˵Ҫȥ֮޷ֻôӦŸˣű㿪ʼ˼ôЩʲô
޷յѶ˳̲ס˵һ䣺ҲҪͬȥ
ɻɨһۣȥʲô
ǵȥʲôĿ
֮
Ҫ¡ش
Цһأ֮š
͵սƬ̺󵭵¾ã֮㲻Ҫ𣿡
⻰˵֣üʣֳԴף
Ĭһ˲ֻǲߡ
ΪҪԼ׼Ӧˣ˭֪ͻȻ֪ôˡ
޷ﾲ˰Σ˵һ䣺ǰʱ䣬ڼеţҺܿͻˡ
һҪȥʡ
Ĭã̾תº֣ͣƬ̸˹ȥº󶨶Ŀ
Ҹ֮ȥ߳ǣҪµģڣͲôˣҲòȥ
Ҫʲô£ü
һ˿ԥƺ֪ò˵
򴽣ͬһͬĵķޣʲô˵ģ
ȥһˡ˵ˡ
ʲôˣ
֮ãſڣʵ֮Ǳ߳ʿĸǸĹǷһծ֮ԾЩծΪծ㽫ˣڶûҵ
üͷ֮˵һ䣺ҵû뵽˿
Щÿ궼ȥ߳һˣΪãֻǲ֪Щ˽ȥ˺δһֱټ̾Ϣһ
üͷĬĬס֣֮ˣ̾ѱ鲼£Ҳҵ
ô˵Ҫһ²У˵ҲڣǱߵӦᾡЩЦЦ
ȻѶû˵ˣֻ˽ﻹǲߡ
ȻԸԸ⣬Ѿ׼Ҫ뿪ˣΪһˣȥŸ٣һҪԶ볯ð֮ãȻͬˡôǵС˼ͬ͵͵ȥŹ
ֵ£ܽ𣿡ʡ
ŹкãЦһѾڷʳˣⱲӶá
̫ҽȷϹˣʡ
ŹӦһߵ̫ҽȥƽȷһʧˡ
һ漴ֵ˵Ͻʮֳ˸λݣպ²ǸҪķҲھҲ᲻ģзӽлԾ󻼣
ŹС˲ǻڣ
һ£ԵĿ
ϳͬ˵о֮£ҲߣСտԼŸˣҲǻ֪ģŹǰӵˣ֪˵º󣬻ܷ
֪ˣһȥ죬˵ţοļ򣬡Ҳ̫ģԺ˯ãһָӳ
ţ֪ˣŹӦһЩûٳ̥ҩϣЩϢҲڹһݱϡ
ЦЦͬ˵˻֮ߣصкСˣһպԹˡ
Щǲģȥһˣͬĺ˵˴յĻŻظʰ
ǰһգﴫϢŹ˰ֲ飬Ϊ˲ظѾ乬丸Ҳ̵ְΨŹûӰ졣
Ԥ֮УȻǨŭżңȴ˵ŹʲôϾŹǰΪֺСָ飬ǿһֲŻֹġ
ô˵ֽˣҲûк֮ˣʰöֻȸ֮ߣȴûע⵽֮ԽԽεɫԼԽԽĬӡ
ҹȥС
ôˣ
һ֮ҾҪˣ㡣
л£һ뵽Ҫ뿪㲻ôãԵҲ䵭ֻ࣬Ӳʣǲź¡
򴽣ֲΪģֻѡ
͵»޷ɡݾܾ
ĿãЩɥЭˣͬ»޷ֱǰģĲҪ㣿
»ЩϢɡԽǱֵˣԽ뵽һ߾Ǵ꣬ҲԽʵǲ˵
ֻýˣţһƫԺߣ쵽ԺſʱͻȻ֮
ͣһ£ƽ˹ȥң
뷨ס£ȥ֮ڵ
˶٣ɡ
֪ѾҲ֪֮
΢Ŀ
֮Цһ£סʵǰѾϢֻʱѾԾЩһֱͬžۣʵڲ֪θѾ˵Ϣ
Ĭã㲻
λɣұ֮ȥ߳ǣһΪ⣬Ϊ˸ɨĹʵڲʺϴǰȥʱֲͬ˵ֻæˡ
ķӶˣҲ
ӣƬ̺Ժ׼Ƶ̷򡣡
֮ϵЦ⵭ȥˣҪ
ִҪȥҾͽһƽ
֮ΪæŸ֪࣬û뵽㾹޳֮ˡ
Ӧ𣿡ʡ
֮һãҴӦպϲ֮ˣҲ׼ˡ
˶٣ֻϲҡ
˶֮۵һ˿̣үǲҪ̫ŵĺá
һֻϲҡ
˾֮֮ڣҴӦ㡣
Ťͷߡ
֮üȥģ
ҵ¡һ˵һߴ󲽳޷ȥ
߼Ѿԡֻ꣬Сſڴϣ뵽Ҫ뾩ˣһ˯ⶼޡ
ʱͻȻһˡŵϤζһ㶣ôֻˣ
ҷˣ͵һ𡣡˵ţСµϵ



 91 

Ϊɸ˵, һֱȥڣֽŶЩ̧ˡ
϶Ҫˡ˵ˡ
ʪͷףô, ˯ɡ
ǵýҡૡ
Ӧһ, ˯źŻ˼ѣֱȥ֮ԺС֮û뵽ʱ, ޷ʱϻЩ⡣
ǰһʱ뿪
֮һ£Ҫŵ뿪
ǡ
֮΢У뿪ҪæʲôǲԼǵ², Ż뷨ӰѴƸġ
㰴ǰõʱ뿪, Ұס, ֻһ˵, ǰߣ㲻ֻԹһ, 㣬ô˼һ˵¡
֮ǰˣζƸô죿
, ΢΢𣺡ȻΣƺҲûıҪˣԼɡ
ð, ˾Ǵŵȥ߳, ߵЩȥǣֻ֮ڿܻزˡ֮ɫ䡣
˵Ķ, ֻȶԷȰ
ǳϾʱ, ԺſڴһĵԭǶȥ
֮һ, һʱ䶼Щ΢ˡ
ǲϻͷԼɵóһЦŲôƲô, ô֨ˣ
֮εĿ£ɽ·Զʵ᲻ô㡣
ͲֱӸ˵
֮Ĭһ˲ǰͬ˵˵ģִҪš
ȥ㣬ΪҵĲˣ΢
̲֮˵ˣʾæȴװûֻԼֵվţ·ֻһ޹·ˡ
֮
νҲҪ汳ģ֮Ƭ֮󣬱㿪һ䣺Ϊˣ
ûʲôǼĳ˴ҹĳţòԣԲŸġ˵⻰ʱûȴֻ󼹷
֮ˣ֮оǶһοֻο͵͵غãȻˣһ鷳
յҹ緺ڳ˶Ѿƣ۵˼㣬ҲֻǿţĬƬ̺̲ס˸ǷٿҲࣺˣȻȥҾͲȥˣдױţȥ߳ǸԻѰˡ
鷳£еµʱ򽻸Ҳһġ֮û뵽ôͲˣһʱҲЩݡ
Ҳãʡ鷳ˣʱˣջҪ·ЩϢɡ˵һ£ǲûҵʱ򶼼ǵûһϦʵڲ񻰡
ǣ¡֮Ŀ
Ŀ޷ת뿪̸˹ȥ˵֮ĵһ仰ӷۣұȥɡ
㻹֪ӷأķʡ
˶٣ֻ֪ǲԼˡ
˵ΪͻȻ⣬ԭǸ֮һңҽҪƭȥˣЦһӿŲ֮߳ԺӣǰʱԼ̾ͣˣĿѾﵽʲôԼԺ˯ȥ
±֮ҪҰҲǱΡ˦
ȴˣͬʲôʱҪˣ뽫£ôȥ
Ȼõµģ۾ƺδϹ뷨
ô˵Ҳңա
򴽣ҶѾܵ뿪ˣ֮ҰæҲֶ˼·ŷѾԭ֮ˣΪξͲԭң
˭˵ԭˣҪߣӰ쵽ͷˣִȣðҲϰ꣬ҽͲˡ
һԴʱֺһЩҲߣҪһֱŵ¡
Цţұ˼ûҵķԸ׼ƫԺҵҪ㻹ôţ
һ£תߣʶϣȴǸҸҽȣ
䣬Ͳ֪ĸˣޱվǰֻÿżԶһֱӰʧŤͷ磺Ǻʱģ
¸үʱұˡ絭ش
һ۾ѵ˯ģ
үͻȻţ˯šವ
ѵһε罩Ƭ̺ЭԼƫԺ
֮ߺƾͲˣֹۣȻҪȥҼʱȴǣƹԺ
˵ˣүúñ˼ûķԸóƫԺһ൱ţȷǷ»ṷơ
Ĭһ˲»ҵ
Ȼ֪Ƿʲô¿϶ˣΪҪ
ƿһۣ㽫Ƿ²ϵӽˣҪ¿Ҳ֪ôѵģ·Ļһ㣬ôһҪŵ˼Ҫҧ
ùңǵµ⣬⣿
Ȼǵµ⣬Ҽųȥ棬Ͳˣúñ˼˵ŤͷˣֻĴƹ
Ĭĺ͹ǶӣλҵһμʱǻʮֽСôżյĹ򣬾׳ˣ
ƹǶûи㷴Ӧ
˶٣̽Ųһ½Ųһһ˲ʮҵͻȻ֣鵶ָ
ҵòᡣ
ΪֵֻܰĴԼԺڣûƨ棬ܳȥȾ棬úò
һ֮󣬷һʱ̲סˣ»ү
ôˣ
ƺٺһ֣û£ҾǾõ½ʲô¶ܸߣǻ
ȷʵǲˡ𴽽ǡҲû£ڶ㲻ˡ
ɻ󣺡Ϊʲô
ţգһۣǲףһ䣬粻ڼң⼸ǲǹúܿ
Ƶ˵ģж಻һƺ
һͬԼһġƽ˵ȫȥȾƵҹĬĬţʱıֳ˵ӣʹòЩòֵĵԡ
ԭѾӦˣ⼸ͻȻû˹ܣ˾иٻ뱻ѹȵӣе᲻µ
Ƕ漸ٰųɡ
˾һ̧ͷϷͬĿ⣬һʣôˣ
׵ʲôˣ̾ΪǳΨһӣôҲñҺùЩ¿ƺҲòȥ
õͬô
ƺٺЦǵ£ģҵģǻ档
ǿԣɨһֻۣ漸գҽųȥ飬֮ȻڣҲܻķ˹Ρ
һʱˣֲ㿼ȡķΣ
ķҾ㡣Цһֱӿʼвˡ
ƶֻ÷߷뿪˹ţȥ׳Ⱦȥˣһֱҹ˲Ż
ҹ˾һ޷УͻȻЩˡΪʲôأԵ﷢˼Լȱʲô
ôҲ벻ͨʱſͻȻһ£˭
£ҡƸ
ɻ󣺡ʱʲô𣿡
ǰȥص˻ˣźһ£˵¸ջŻûϢ͡˵һ룬űǰˣƿųǰļǣǻӸģҪһ𣿡
˵ţ㽫ŷˡ
УӹűֱӲˣ֮ϸϸĿһԴſһʱȣû뵽˲أǲǵøү˵һ룬Ϳ棬ɵһκ˾Уǻȥ˵𣿡
ſбһۣĻࡣ
Ҳ˵䡣С顣
һżŸȻס
ǣȥƽӹžҪ뿪
ıӰͻȻסվס
ͣ»ͷô˵£
򴽣ȥɡ
ƣ
ʣ㲻ҪΪλҪϸȥ
΢΢죬װûеɻ󣬰ż¶ߣһ˴󲽳ƫԺȥ
ƽϲŵӶ˵ûôѰΨһĲþǼ̲סʲô᲻ϺԵӣǲǰˡ
˼öˣҲƲסȥһ棬ǽ⻻ҹ£׼ҹ̽޷
հ·׼ǽ뿪ʱͻȻͳˣ㶣ӭȥôˣ
ŵġǵĸоȴڿʧӰ١
ȥţĿȴһֱͣϣŲ𿪺ŵͷĸײʱɫ΢΢ס
İɣѾˣᵽϲ飬̿ڵյҵţ㽫ǽӻظڣ˵ĲѾˣةһͬסպźӻùࡣ
ıŻһЩֽ֮󣬲̧ͷл£ȻҲȥˣȴûеµٶȿ죬ǱȲϵµȫ
Ǿ֮ͣʲôлġһЩ˼ˡ
ǰһס֣⼸ʮ㡣
Ŷͷ
Ŀ֮𴽽ǣǽ£ƫԺЪϢɡ
ǲµģ˵һ䣬ֺܿ첹պ˾ƣʵ۵ûţǿסһɡ
˵ߵñ˭죬ֱӽ˷С
۵һ˿Ц⣬ݣպлᣬһͬȥ˳ذɣȥǡ
ٸʱ䣬Ҿܽǽӻ˵ɨһۣǵȲǹȥҲûʲô
áº͡
˸ǷˣЩЪϢɡ
Ϊ¸¡˵ǰֱѡ
վź򣬵µʱĻеĶˤȥæȥ̣յİѶ˻ųһһ£ű㿴еĶǿԧ塣
е壺ǰû´ǵµõģ
˵ǻ͵ģһ뵽λ̫С˵ٲҪģʱ򻹵ýһ٣ǻֻˣź棬ˡ
ǵ𣿡ʡ
һ£ڨЦյɰʲôöѰõ㡣
СĵĽպãŵ֮ϣɵ򴽣Ȼ᲻ãǾЩϢɡ
ԶԶԣЩϢ˵͸Ͻȥɺˡ
Ϩ˵źߣȴСײӡæôˣ
ײˡش
üôû˰ɣ
ûУ˵ײڵϵĺɰָⴥͷĶʱ㰵ƽֻǵ²ֵǮ˵ϣѾϳˡ



 92 

޷ﾲƬ, ͷ۵ĿڣѵƵϣײʲôˡ
˳ĵ˵ƣʱ, ܵǰ, ùɰϳصȡŷŻõ˿̱, ʱ̾
ȻôֵǮ², ȥһõġ
һѾĿһۣ, һ, ڻҪ⡣ʱһ¾, Ҳ⡣
ô˵Ǹһ㻡, ｫˣɫϳˣôҲȷʵϧܹɽ࣬ƽ׹, һһΣ
룺ҲãȾôǿ
㽫, ´ͬһȥЪϢˡ
һ, Ѿ׽ˣҪ, , ⼸̵ʶԼĴ, Ҳʱҷųȥ˰ɣ
ƾĳļ˶٣š
ѵûԭңһʱ
һۣǰûԭ¡
Ŀ, ͻȻ΢Уÿǣʱᵽ³ȥƵ£Īǵ²뱻Ҹ棬ԲŲϷҡ
ôʲô֪
£ʵƿԷɣǺȵöˣӻܲˡȰһ䡣
ǳ˳飺֪ˡ
һģ֪ûȥֽתϣƫԺʵģ¸׼׺ʱҳȥ
ڱ˼ô˵úһ㡣ʮ
۵һ˿Ц⣺ÿȥ¶ʲô٣
üûĻͻȻˣϷһĨɵĺ죬һٹհɣ֮ҷ
Ҿ͵ŵ¡𴽽ǡ
ɨһۣת뿪ˣһԺӾͿƴֻϷǰȥұ
ôˣƼôżҲŽ
һһߴҴҵҴӦպµøϽһС
Ƶһպ󡭡Ҳˣ£ȥ㱸͵طҲҪ档
һļϣ뿪ˣ׳ſڣ˵һ䣺ȥǣｫҲҪҪͬǺȵңҾ¡
ǣ£Ը߸˵뿪ˡ
˸УѾв˶ˣ˽ȥһƴӰȵϣͷʱһ̸ֽһֱҹס¡
һ磬ΪȾ̫ЩͷۣؼЪţһ뵽գҪˣַؼˡ
źգ˶ЩȥˣҪʱ˳ȥ£ǻӵġ
޷ԼõúܡЦ
üôţɫôã
˯ˣһЩ˯һɫͻˡĵ˵Ҫݼȡ
סɣھȥЪţǧ֮ʲôʧͽ𡣡
ô˵úµһ㡣
ε̾ǵĵ£µΣ˵Ϊһ˲ǲȥүˡ
벻ġȻȻ֪ڳɵ˵ʱһ˲
˲̲벻ҲҪվƵ¸֪ȥҲҪʵġ

ԵȥϢ𣿡ʡ
ԵĶƬ̣ĬĬͷȥ˼һ
Ȼʱ򣬼ǲˡ
ɫףϺ飬˫ڴϣ˫ֻŶӡ׳˵󣬼æҪȥ
ʲôõĴڹ͵¸ϣ»ǾȥǵĴ˴ߴٵ
׳ӦһæҪȥæסĿڣӦֻǾƺȵöˣЩʹʲô£Ҹҽαãǧȥ̫ҽ׼ر򡣡
ЦǱŹ֪ˣҪѵܳһʱˡ
׳ü²ɶϷ
ܵҧס촽
׳ô˵ˣֻȥͷ˻ĴֻǵʱҪײϴҴҸŵģǵµ͸д
׳һºæͬϣүôˣ
緽Żظ֪ң˵²ˡɫ࣬·Ĳ죬Ȼһϵѹة໹ء
׳¿ˮʶԼЩʱһЩûб¶Ļ̽ӵҲãڵʱȰ˵Ͳḹʹˡ
ɨһۣһ仰Ҳû˵׳գĬĬӿ˽Ų·
һ˺ܿ쵽˿ͷſڣҲŽȥˣʮֲڴʱüͷʱ
үˣǰӭӡ
ãȻعʱѾǰˣĬһ˲ĬĬ泯ǽ
ͼݵתôΪºкǽƣһĲڱ˻
Īһ˲չԹת쵽˴ߡ
ΪƬ֮óۨDD
Ⱦƺȵˡ
֪ԼΪʲôļ۾ԽһС
ʱδˣڴ˷ӺæǰæǷԸ˼ҩǽװˮˮӣæǰæģȫͬ˵ӡ
ҷԱĬĬãȷԼʺվˣǳĬ˳˿ͷ
ԭȾԵ⣬ôţƺ׳ֹһ䡣
ɨһۣ׿ݲ˵òƢҲãүϲô
ֻû뵽ǸΪһز׳˵˵ţͻȻһϸװοͳԵڣպҲҪͬŶһЩ
Щúõ¾˺ɸ֣սЩѹôģ
׳֪ڨڨһЦ󲻸Ҵˡ
߿ͷУȹҩļŶûôˣƺҲЩֻұֳȻߺУҸʹ
ٵȵȣܿͻˡο
һۣУǲǺ
ǡش
ܳͲѺһ£ʵʵ˵ҸоӺʹˡ
ǰҾͬ˵ˣҪɵȥ֣ʡ
ڨڨҲΪȾƣҹû˯á
£ʱˣ𣿡ϡ
ʱˣһһѲţҺܣҪ˯һ㲻Ҫҡ
˯ɣ㡣˿̲ţҲͬƽϣֱӽºΪ˱ӡ
۰Ͱ͵Ķı黺Щˣʲô룬˯ǡ
á仰㳹׷۾ܿ˯֮С
ȱһ¾˯ʱֻԱ߰û˿ͷ
ʱ۱㿴Աţһ͵͵סӡ
˲䣬㿴˹ɻﲻ
ûˣԹԻش꣬һֻС
һ㶣ʲô
ȻҴһ꣬ݱߣһСôˣһӲһ߿Ʋס졣
ǰǰϲҲûƺɽҲ֪ģô
Ŀ֪жһƬ㻽ңԼСĸо
ǲϲԺҲˡ
𴽽ǣҺϲ

һ򶨣ϵĺȴӵ˲
һ˲Ըĸȥˣû˸ҡ
֪Ϊ˱鷳ԺҲǰе£˽ֻʱƺ㡣
ëһ£ε͵͵Ӧһ
糺գƺԽԽˡϧĽ§뻳Уڵ¶ȣ֮󿪿ڣֻ֣һ˽𣿡
šЩƣ۾Ӧһ
Ũǲ˵رһ
˵ǣ𣿡ʡ
ñ֤Լ˵ĻС
˼Ƭ̣ĵģر𡣡ǲرڴʱôֻҪ
ӦллҺܸˡ
ȻôˣκȾƵ£ܾܲʹ˽ҹ̳ȴ
Ҳʮָɴࣺ
ǡ


 93 

׳ϴϲ׼ؼ, ոԺţյķƱˣʮ־ȣ㲻ڱ˼ôܳˡ
ǡ
ƶʱë, ƵĿ, ڨЦһʱ˵£ǰˡ, Ҫ̵ˣҪ֮ʱһ, вˣС֪𣿡
һЦ
ƱܵľΣ, Ѷ, ֻܹɵĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ, ֪ʲôжΡ
ʱҲһҪұһ, Ҫұôܱ꣡ƷŭĿ顣
䵭Ŀһۣ֮֮ңȻҶ, Ͱҵķǽ֮ڱ£վÿ, һ罻ҡ
ƵۣǲǹģΪľǷң
ǰ̹Ȼش
ҭһ, ̶ӷŭΪʲôûе㣡
Ϊ½̣ڵ¹ʱȰ, Լܳȥ, õոʹֹ, ˼˵ûң΢䡣
Ŀղˣ
¹㣬Ҳ, 䵭ڣǱҲñҲñǰһ飬һͷһ
ȥ¡˵̾Ҫߡ
ü׼ȥ
ΪʲôƲ
ʱ䣬ʲôʱʲôʱ׼鷿
ҵĵ¡ա
ۣʱôģ
ۿ˲䷺죬ܵĵ£Сһ㡣
⸱ӣͻȻǰΪȥĳΪıϵ竣ʱҲǺۿ޷˵ķ
Ĭã׻ˣûʲô£㲻طϡ
Ҳá
򴽣вһʱ͸ˣ鷿飬ʱȥ
ƳĬһ˲鷿飬ȥչ˵𣿡
ӦһֱӴ鷿뿪ˣ·һ鷿
ֱȥ˼޷ʱЩȣ㲻ڽ̷ƹôͻȻˣ
㣬£ҩ𣿡
Ѿˣ֮ǰʹΪû˯ã˯һȫˡһ
Ŀһۣ£ҪΪô˵ˣҾͻ׼ԺȾơ
ô㻹ҪܵͷŲʡ
Цһǰҹܶˡ
ƾʲôܣۡ
ʮֵҪΪƣҾͻ뿪漰ӣǲϵġ
ʲô֪
һû˵ʲôˡŵʱ򣬷һƵĵãһʶȷûʲô󰭺һ
£պ󲻻ٶˡƺۿ
ʧЦȥģôͳ˺ˣ
ƲƲû˵ְο˼䣬Ǻԣܿˣڼߴߴͣ
ʱͦɵֻʱʱЩˣ˵ʱһˮЩԣҪ顣
㶣Ѿԭˡ֮ԭˣΪʲôҪܳͷ
ԭ㣬ʲôϵޱҲ̵ĿҰŵĹΣ޹ء
ƻ۾عһʱ״̶ô˵Ҳ̫Щⲻǹⷣô
¼Ȼң͸ðҵĹУǵ¾òУҸûġ
ͨסƣֺαؽ˽
ݵĳĬĳĶԷƵ֪Եġ
¡ᡣ
ڨЦһʱ仹ʱǿ㣬౳һձٳһ
ˣٲκϣҴҰ׷ˣĿıӰʧŤͷʵδܷ
飬ġҪѵ
һû˵ʲôˡ
ʱ֣鷿ԼƵĹΣֻһ߿ɥһ߱дʾ䣬Ȼÿһ۵һ˿ȡ
Ѿˣ㲻ܷҡƾ
˼ĿֻǱ֪ӵ˼
Ȼֲ֪ɵ²һ䡣
飺ѧʣƾǼ׾ٵ£Ϊλһֱڼ
ǳоصз磬ٸ״Ԫۻ˳۵ǸˣƲô⣬˵ˣٱҸϲź¡
㵹ͨ͸ɨһۣδۡ
ƴ˹԰ұĿƿѧ֮Ϸܹȥˣպǧ̫Ͽ֪𣿡
ŤͷڴĿ˵ĸ֣
ƣ
ܷƿ캰أ֪󣬻ǼӴѶȣǼÿҪһ֮ĶԹӼֱɹ
ƣԽԽ䣬ԭû»ܣŵһѩʱ㿪ʼе޷糯ɹˡ
ʲôʱŹȥ̾Ϣ
Ϊʢͣһ£Ťͷ£񲻹ս¡
¹ů𣿡۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
£»ٹһ¡
Ҳ£Ҳ̫Ѱˣ֮̾ˣ˵ѾˣСǰܻ
۾鲻ô
üûˣȻġ˵ֱϣӹ࿪ʼССڵĺȡ
ģһʱ֮Щ
βǰǰţ˳Ŭ룬Ҳϸ۲ˣȻͷ֣⼸δڷƺԺޣͬȻܣҲûԼ
ʱŷ飬Ȼ˿ϵദϻǱԭҪ࣬ҲӷòҲҲãͬװ׵Ĺϵ
Ҳ˵֮ǰֻ֮ܿһ
ϢûˣΣУΪǡǡ˵֮ģϣԼκ⡣
һ˴룬û˵ɵ̧ͷʲôأ
Щɷ檵Ůˡ
һ۾ʣʲô˼
լΪ˲ɷһңΪɷѰңԭҲΪʲôµе㶮ˡѹ֮ǰִҪΪ̷ҲǾĴһв
ĿΣˣ
ĵóĽۣ
ʣµһģҶ룿
û檣ֻҪ㡣ס֡
бһۣ֪ˡ
Ʋ⣬ȴĿãûסȥⲻ֪ʱѩѹ֦ͷϣɿݵ֦ѹ֨ѽ졣
ƹ󣬼ָԼ˴ǰϣ򿪴ӿͷѩüӹϣδ˷ϸ
̫ˣ˵ҪֻŴӲֱЦˣ㵨ԽԽˡ
ԡ

㺹ˣҾ͸㿪
ԼնԽԽûеֿˣֻġϾˣϸסƬ̺ȡޱʵ˲ſӡ
ĺЯѩɽʱһΪϹűӣҲ䣬ֻವġ
ͷѩƬ̣ˡ
ƵĹС죬һȥˡ
֮ǰ͸õ˵ģɽǱߵ̫ˣ˵ҪǱߴϼա̾ԲһСʾź
һۣ»
ôһбһۡ
򴽣˵ˡ
ٵʱ򣬼ǣ֣ҽյЬӲ·Ҫϸңˤˡ
ô֮šڶ
ֵĿһֲۣڣôţ
ڣ±㲻ˣʡ
Цˣǵǣһϲǣš
һ仰ȡˣǰв˶ɢսǰߡ
˽ûãļ㿪ʼˣŹڼ棬һ´ǣֹϷ˸ۡ
ıʵ²ۣɫҲɿ졣Żû½½ĹҲˡ
ҲûжྪȣǰЩӼŷͺ󹬣乬ﲻ˶˳ΪŹֶŮȻҲ֮С
ֻȻųˣȴδ乬ùŹѾöżˣǿһ֣󹬵˸úܣŹֵĿɽ󣬱㶼ϸ
ɫ㲣Ҳʮ·ʮ겻ֹһĹ򣬱㲻֪˶ٴΣȻҲôˡ󹬵ŮֻҪòʱпܷȻ⸱ģ˽мᷳгͷˡ
Ȼ֮󣬿ֵģ۵һ˿ٿɫŹֻԼʱϹۣŻмŹʱķ緶
ȻӲʣͻȥЪŰɡŵ
򴽣Ӧһߣȹʱע⵽ָϵĶٿıӰԼҲµˡ
ǵûһٶ˵ʱѾһӵܷˣǺ˼ֵļ޸ǸСˣżڣҲܰһӡֻϧҰ̫û㹻ֻ³
ʱס֣¡
š񣬶ЦЦ
ſڿˣɿ֡˼ͬ˵ķƺЩ꣬̽ΣûԳֻڹȫʻ
սةӣӦǵйأֻǾʲôūҲ֪ȫش
һ£ǻϿ֮ʲô
ūžͲ֪ˣֻ֪̫ҽԺ˼λ̫ҽ֪Ƿйءˣʵǰة͵ݹˣֻǻûϣֻһ˵ʲôةԼСպҪࡣȫش
üͷܾ鲻򵥣ǵȻظ֮磬ȥһˣȥ鵽׷˺£˳㽫֮ҲӻۿҪˣҪ˲źá
ǡӦһϱʰ˶뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬼ÿθڶûˣȻ䣬ɳ˰οȴҲ˱ˡ
ֵ£պˣصһ±ҵһصĿڣصļٵйٱأְǱߵβ죬˼ζûҵСֻ޹
̫ҽԺˣǹٵܣǡ뵽Ǹܣȭͷ߬ˡ
ס֣ģʱ򡣡
֪˵ʲôǰȷʵǷ죬ŵѲɣһǰˡ
Ҫȥء
һС
Ϊβȥ㲻˵ʱ𣿡
¡
ҪȥᶨĴϡ


 94 

Ѷ, Ȼٸı䣬Ĭãֻ˵һ䣺ǵŵù, ȥһΣ
, Լ£ھҲľܾˡ
΢¡
˵, ôˡһܾͨģ
翴˵, üͷɵ, ׻̲סˣºүĪѾ֪طʲôˣΪζţ
Ĭһ˲, ڵ̫ҽȥ, ֽ˽ؿӦǱʲôִȾĲ֢
Ҹɷܹȥ, ֱӽԭ˵˳ɵúݺһֻۣ֪ɫĿ硣
һ㶣ߣ
˵, һ˵úõôߣҲǵ֮, Բš
, ߣְֱ·, ְҲաӲĴĻ
һĲ, ֮û취, ȥ
綨ĺӣһ˲, ȴŬԼ̹Ȼƽ
Ƭ֮絭ȻߣǵƺҲûʲôõĵģȥһһּ⣬˽ӻ
˵ͣһ£⼸ձְְͬˣֻҪ³ţְ͸ţٽأ»ǲҪĺá
ˣڿƲסƢ
紹£ǲϲھɱ˱ְֻҪְһְͲŵߡ
Ųűְʡ
ɫ޲ְ£ô³ְ

Խ˵ҪʲôǱȻʲôǽ˽϶ƴֲɱֻĿ
һ뵽˭ɵֵһۣ۹۱ǱǹģվԱߣȲ㸽磬ûзȥص뷨һʱֱԮ
Ƭ֮Ŭ侲֮鶯֮Ȼ֪֮ͬƽʲôò⣬ȥ뷨ӣҲʮڽز֪㵱ķܣ
΢˫ֽ߬ȭͷüҲûп˵
״̳ȴҲȥ̫ãűǰ󲻹գκµġ
С绹Ǿܾ
գô飡
ְͬãǱְ˽£ɱְǵµǱְˣأְǷֵģ˵˶٣ְõðա
㡭
£ٵ⣬ȥҲȥɣһϴ̽һϢΪηǣ㿪ˣȻּߣҷǵãⳡòʱ򡣡
ĬˣƬ֮Ҫһˡ
̫ˣȵſ춼ˣ糯֮ȥѰΣֵΪֲһ䣬ʱϴԼѾЪ£ȥҲδؿϼ㡣
Ǿһ硣
ļ΢΢
㲻ʱ䣬һ֪ԭһȥءɨһ̧ۣȥ
üͷ΢΢뿪ķʧ
ʱ䲻ͬ龰ǰһģһ
ǰļҲδ֢£ͻȻֽţȥ̫ҽȻΪʱش󲿷ְȾߡΪؾ뾩ֻʮʱ·̣Σҡ𢣬ʹص⣬̫ҽǰͬʱҲ˷˵·
߳ӣǵ˼ֻԼԸǵмͬǮһԾյǰ˿ûɣһط㱻Ǯ¹Ӫ֮Уرջ١
ʮգһ꽽ͬʱĻмһűµĺձ㳹Ҳ˺ʼĴѹһߣ˼֮ʹĿˡ
ΪӦһûüֹȥأһΣΪܱⱯ磬˭֪ߵʱǰ˲˵֮
ǰ֮Ϊ¶βܡ
ԭվãƫԺ֮С
ɫ׺ˣһǶûУ˳ǵĵطûһ
֪˶ãҹ£һİԼ޷һ̤žͿ˼
һû˵
Ҫȥģƽʡ
ȥ֮ǲǾͲȥˣ
أʡ
ĬˣƫԺһƬ֪˶ãŻ˵һ䣺սɳٴξһȴֻµл˸мȴΪĪеЩ˺ɱ»ҪΪðգֵã
ǰҲǳ͢س뷨
ĿΪгһܺ͵ƽƽΪЩ֮ˡ
üͷ΢΢һָֺܿƽΪʲôλı£Ȼһ£͵Ϊ²¡
˵һ£ǰΪ⣬ýذ޹һأݡ
ִҪȥ߬ȭҽ֮ˣҲҪȥ
ܻ֮һߣ㲻뿪ذ벽
Ĭˣ֮۵һ˿¹Ȼд壬ֻǲ֪Ϊ֮ľˣֵֵĴ塣
Ƿ¶ƽϺʲô˼˵ͣһ˲εʮ**ߣ糯֮ȷˣұȥ
ƺҡɫ䵭
ĿͻҪھΪȫУʲôҲüʱ֪ҡ
ǲȥġֱɫȴȻ侲
ǻּ⣬Ǿɲˡ
ãת޷ȥʲôǵˣȴΨῼԼ䣬žͱЩŭĹˡ
εĿ˷һۣŽзƱȥˡ
糯֮󣬼鷿
̷ǰյ˽أȴ֪Ϊγٳûлȥӣ˭֪ٵˣǻϵ⣬ԳһΪλᱻɻʡ
ſ෢ɣ˿ˮ򶨵ҲûʲôǱ߳ˣ뽫ץ
ʲôֵû󶯸ɸꣿҪѣһϣϵڶϸ˵ʵ
ѾˣֺαޣҲǷ꣬մǶ˴
ڣ˼ٵֱӻˣûȥ飬ԳŻʻϡ
ųĬƬ̣ɥϣǱ˲֪֢Ⱦܣͽ˽ٵˡ
ѾƲǰˣһ׿ڳϣֻ͵һ
Ƭ̺䵭ʣˣ
Ҳ⼸աЩ
֮ǰȫ˵ة˺üӵ£֪û˵ʵ۵׶ʱһ˿ŭʱˣϻҪ
˭׼˵ģ߳ŭ
ЦһҲú˵죬̷ҲڽأϽгܺú˵
򴽣ӲǸˣòɫȥ㸮
ذأϾֻ뵽ˣҲƲסֱߵıˤ˵ϣһʱ鷿ͻȻӿ뼸ʮ鵶
Ŵ֮¸ʢŭǲǲˣ
ǻϾɱ˳ɣպζʵ档ĮĿ
źӵ˲䣬Ȼһ⣬˶ٺҧʣΣΪˣҪ޽ؿ򿪣ЩȾ˲
ûûôֻһʥּóǰߡڡ
һ㶣Ҫȥأ
šشúԥ
ŶãüͻȻչˣ֪ȥ˱Ǿһ
֪
۾ǻҲҪȥ
š
һ䣺Ͳ
۵һ˿̧ͷϣΪȨܽյݽġ
Ǻ⣡ŭʡ
ʮƽֻһ˵ʲô
ǰʱŻûʲôоâ¶ֻĿڶˣ޲ɱֻ뵽ʲôãȻԸȥǾȥɣֻȾ֢޾飬Ϊ˾գҲὫӻ
ϲضǣ˵ܻʮˡɨһۣת뿪ˡ
ߺԽԽˤһӵĶźЩŤͷͽǮ½
߼˳ûʥּˣʥּݺɫʱѿȴ޷ֹֻּʰ
Ͳ취̲סȥ
ǰдЩʲôͷҲû̧ѶŲơ
ɽغΣաü
һ̧ͷұ
Ĭãûа취ǰɡ
š
Ҹһͬǰȥ
£Һ͵ͬȥ


 95 

, һҪŵ¡Ҳľܾˡ
ɡ
¡
ȻأĮʣ˱£㻹ʲô
촽΢, һʱû졣
´ȥ, ɱУ˶ƽͷϰ, 첻κвΣյ֢, ܰʡ
ɫ䣺Ҳܽ, ˣ
ҿ԰취, Ż, 磬ȸȥ, ھиΪʡ
ɡǽġ
Ƭ̲ſڣ˴֢Σ˭Ҳ֪һ޷ƣʱΪ, Ȼء
͵̧ͷ۵һ˿˼顣
Ҫȫܵʱ䡣
㶵ĿǺ˼
Ǹ˼ǰʬǱصĽ, ֱ𽥸֡
üͷ壺ɵҲڽء
ֵķӳȥԻλв, ܽջأǻ, ξĻ
һʱԡ
ҲΪҷԵȥصԭ, ȥ, ҪӦԵֻ֢ȥ, ȴҪСĻϣ̾һʵûһͬǰȥҪִ֣ΪľǾܵʱ䡣
ȻѾ뷨ˣΪλҪΥʡ
ɨһۣ飬Ҳĵ£øȻͬĳãȴ޷ĳΪ£佫ҲûжΣ£ܶõС£ٿԺ佫ǼλĳҲܳ
Բ˵ˣҲûȰֻĵĵţ֪˶ãڱҪٿһ¡
ȥأҪǰණٺϲ뿪֮ǰĴ𰸸ҡɨһۣת뿪ˡ
翴ıӰʧɵ˴
ȥΪߣȥ֮ǰȻҪȫ׼Ȼ˴ĶڼȴԶԶԼﱸ
ʱȣæýŲմأǶҪˣȴֻŪʮҩģԼԵľƣҲССʮͦ࣬ʵôá
̫ˣرʵǱˮнЩЩ⡣
⼸սߵ±¶ˣжۣȻҲ֪㷳գҲüԭ̶ҪֱӴأ·ˣֻܴӶԶ·ϾҪһʱ䣬ٳﱸЩǵٵϼա
УٵˣҪȥءҲķˡ
ԥһ˲ҲҽȥҲδܰæһҪð𣿡
һ£ЩĿնû£Ϊ㲻ǰ㷴ԡ
뷴ţ־õ²Сֹһ䡣
ЦˣȻ֪Ҳֺαʣ绹ڽصţҪȥġ
֪ȥ˽أ϶Ҫˡ
𴽽ǣҲã˭Щؼģ˵Ҵ˴ȥأҲֹΪӦòãҪиȥ򣬰ղܶ
򴽣е
ˣѾ£Ͳ˵ˡһۣһ뵽뷨ӰƲھһͷۡ
ƿһۣ̾һȥʰ
ţȥɡŻɫ
Ӧһ뿪ˣȴû˵ǰȥʰסƫԺȥˣߵһʱ򣬿ͤзԥһ±ǰȥ¶Ҫæˣ㲻ȥæҲˣô￴羰ˣ
𳳡粻õĿһۡ
ﷳ꣬һְأұ죬ôõ£
䵭ıŵûпڱ粵
ƶһ£ǲʲô£
ֿһۣһʱû˵
ƶʱˣڵµģ
ĬƬ̣ҲûˣţǺ͵йأҲйء
ʲô£ƴߴ١
򴽣ͬ˵Щ˵ˣȻŻھھᣬҪҪһ£ȥأؾ
ʲôģȻߣҲȻҲϲǸˣò˵ȷʵãֺֻź£һܵã£ȥٺʲˡ
ҡ
ˣƲĴ֪˵ʲô޷ǾԼʹǱ£Ծ͸øͬȥˣھҲǱ¡
һʱû
ôˣȥǾչ˵ˣҲͲٵġ˵ţǳǳЦһ
üʲô˼
صĳգһ۾ת뿪ˡ翴뿪ıӰ֪òߴˣȥķڵƫԺȴ෴ķȥˡ
˼Ĺ򣬷ѾʧˣİõķѣԼȥ
ˡһƶʡ
綨ĿҿھҪ֤£򡭡
£ҲƽĴ
羲ã˵һ䣺˵
ȻΪ˴ִӦﻹǲˬģ˵仰Ҫ뿪ֻͻȻסȥһ£ʱҪ˵
֪ˡȻѾӦûԭ
׷ʣ΢Щ
һֱæµҹŵôһ޷Ϳһ£кһôˣ
£׼׵ˣסԼǰߡ
򴽣Ŀǰ׵ģֻҲ֪ǰκˣĿǰЩǲô
ǰ֪ʱѾ˲ɿصĵزһǾ׼ˣȻᵽǰһο
Ӧһڴϱ㲻϶ˣ֮£Сϰڵҽһ£½ڿЩ
ţͷǹߵķӣҾ࿴۾˯ŨŨ⼸ն鷭ˣеջ񡣡
ջͺáǳЦһҪ˵ͿѾ˯ˡ
Ķãǳ̾һ㽫Ϩˡ
첻˹۾ʱѾˣѰһȦûҵˣɵýѾʣأ
صµĻүһƫԺˣ˵ǲۿŵ뿪ԾͲ͵ˡѾ
ü˼Ŀſڡ
£𣿡⴫Ƶ
ɵСӡһֱҪ뿪ǰ뷨ƲΪǰ̫࣬һʱˣµˣϧһ㣬κμƲߡ
£ִߴ١
ֻӦˣ
ǷƵŵ£˵һ䡣
ε򴽣ѾΪԼһѱˡ
Űţװ۾һ¼ǲ磬ҲǺÿġ
һԼ߸βܵЦһǻˡ
ͷѾˣ¿Щ߰ɡæ
һ£Ƭ֮ÿڣƣȥػæǹ˲㣬ҽزʲôȥ
£ûȥһ
㶣ʲô
ȥҲﲻʲôæһȾ˲ֻܳΪµۣɷⱲӶΪµۣһʼûȥ۾˵ű㽫еİݸͷǷƸ׼ĵģ·á
ĿƬ̺Цˣˡ
ȻҿɾʮˣƵ⣬˵룬£ؾ𣿡
ģһᾡ콫ֻ߽ڼҵұáı֤
ĵ˵ͷűߣߵһʱ򣬼ͻȻȥƫԺһ
ƶһ£ʲô
ЦЦڲڣȥ
գһ۾СƫԺȥˣһ˻£鷿أҪȥ𣿡
Ȼڡһ㾪ȣЦͬ𣺡ʱˣҵþ뿪
ǵһ·СģƵ˵ͷ
죬ǿۿҲܣԥһļ򣬱ֱ
ƺƵȥˣһ·˵Ŀ⣬ٰն˽
˵νصرȥȾˣ׶༪١
ϹģݣȻ˻ŵģôܻͬǰһȾ˲ǽصİնˣ¡
⻰ɾͲˣͨı죬ҲܶžԼȾĿܰɣξ˵ӧΪΪ£䳰ȷʵС֮ġ
ǾǣҪͣҲ泤ȥأûͣǾͰϣúʲô֪һǳ
Ǹ䳰ȷ˱˵û뿪ˣ
ۣﻹΪź߽µľ·ģ˵˵
µľĬãˡˡһȷ
ˡ
ˣϢ˵űϣ۾ૣԽҪţ˵ʲôҲ㣬ȥҲң㿴˼ҷƶථ£֪ԹھҲġ
йԹھķƣĿ뿪ȥԼ׼Ҫ뿪֮Ի磬Ҳڷǰ
ʲôȥü
ƿһۣȥԶء
ȥʲô׷ʡ
ƷԸ˽װĻش𣺡ص·ˣԶ̶Ҫĵؽ磬ҪȥǱ߶ҩƥʳʱ֧Ԯ¡
˵ΪβߣԭǴ˼üȻҪȻСô𣿡
ûУׯȴеģƴӻͳһƣΪܾ֮ǰҵģΪľԱʱ֮衣
綨Ŀã˵һ䣺һ·Сġ
ھҲǣҪϸϷʵɫϵһʵúܿ죬Ӣڲס
ļû˵ʲô
һߣһѾ˾Žطȥ
⼸۵úˣһ˯òѣ۾ʱѾǿˡ
ֱӣʶûЪźһ£Ͻ߽µľ壺һʱˣ治𣿻ǾɣҪҹ·ܲסġ
ˡ
ЩΣʲô裬ôô֡
˵һȻͣ£۾ҹ
ˡ
ЦˣʲôˣٲҹŲҽ˽
治ˣƬ֮ĳһ£ºȵʲô裬ҳһڡ
˵žͽӶûȵ׾ͱһ£ʱ˶ŵĽסˡ
ô꣬Ҳû뵽ȻԼϱˡ


 96 

ΪԸ, һ·϶ûкɫ֪°˴ҲֻܷС, ֻʱһ, ̲סΪԼ粵һ䣺Ҹ绻ˣǸľ, ѵĿգ
ûԻм, бһ, һһ, 㻹ʲôģ
Ȼһһûʲôֱ, αҵ֪ĻΪҪ, ŲԸءյߣԽļס
ûû˵һ䣺㵹ͦһԼ
ϺңֻܺԼˡ𴽽ǡ
һվ, Լؾ
üܣҪͬһ𡣡
Ҫ㡣, ŻȰ˵
¸Ҫҡ
һշҪͬ𣿡
ͬ, Ǹ¹ˣס, ֮ǰһ, ²Ȱ, ԸؾҲô
ǰʱ, ѾһƬ棬ǲ֪ж͡龰ɫôˡ
ҳҽ飬һ߷һ߻Ǿ͸Ҫŵȥˣ˵»ûչǰһأ
Ըɡ̾һûȰȥˡ
ǰһֱûߵ£Ǻ̫ҽЩȴǾڿɿطΧ֮ڣںֹȼǰȥʱѳɶ֡һǰˣֻϣܼʱֹ
ȻҪ㡣
˽֮󣬿Ŀسǣһʱû
ֻҼһŴգ·ؤʬ塢ⶪɢɫƣʱʱ˵ؿѪټسƺˣɼ֪ÿһرյķУпܴһȾߵˡ
£Ҳͷˣةǰ˵ˣЩ΢ȥʮӣһֱɽصĴӦԣ΢ֻԽԽء
ޱ߶İ׷Ĭһ˲󻺻Ⱦ˿ɶࣿ
ȷҼһŵģ˭Ҳ֪ˣة̾һ˵꿴ۼʮˣһʱЩԥ¾ʹЩˣ
һ֧˿̾פڽ棬߲ɿأԽԽãܴˣ㽫µֶйҪԸ
ǡǰæӦһű㽫δȾֶ˹
аʮˣ֪Զǰ㺧ˣɫɵúһЩسڿʺϷյĿյأںõĿӵء
صµĻһɺԵĺʦүæ
΢΢ףΧ˼ң
ǻĵأԲﶼûʲôˡʦүش
ӦһȻˣټȾߵòص׳ӣǽسڵʬ嶼ᵽǱ߷գɽ׳ȥֶɨɾˣҾƳ
ΪҪȾߵˣʦүһ㶡
üΪʬҲߣȥܻܿȾֻѾȾ֮ˡ
ЩȾ˲򲡶ˣǻһֱû˵ˡ
Ĭһ˲Ը£ÿո꣬پһнҩһʱǣŻԸġ
΢΢ףҲǸӡ
оǼҼһȻȾ֮ˡܴˣǵǰһƹ͵ķݣΪ꼾ǹˮ˾סüʡ
ǰӦһȷһݣԼʮԺӣסٿˡ
ã˰ҰѰãˣ㽫ʬȥգһ˸ԴһҪǼ棬Ⱦ֮ˣͰػֵǱߵĿȥסɸչճӡ
ǣ΢ȥ졣ǰӦһ
÷ԸĶԸˣ˽ϵĲƥж򵥵Ĳóһһӡ
ǳȥʱЩҪϣǵˮϵ·ЬҲǣУԼҲǵҪԡһЩˮسõ˲࣬ϣ޹Ⱦ
ĵ񶨺һ㣬öΪ֮һӦһ
˶뿪Ťͷҷ˵ģɻʲô©ĵط
ûʲô©´˾Ȼ֢ܽκãӦҲӣֻǡĬһ˲ֻǿ²̫˳
ΪΣü
һۣȾ˲ԸԼչˣҲȥͬȾ֮ͬס
ʱĬˡ
һȻõ˽ض߷һ飬ȴ˽˽Ҫô˵˶ӿҪôĽ߷֮˶֮һ÷ֻס˲ʮˡ
ôֻмʮȾ
Ĭվڸſ˼ǼҾƵζߵһòԷŵ̫˲
ô죬һֱŲǿ֮ҲȾʱһӶüͷ塣
ο֣ˣֻܼҼһŴȾֲϵ˼𣬲ܱסϵ˼ҡ
ɣһ˵ˣôΪһȾ֮ˣͷˣҲľܾˡ
ּϵ˼Һ޹ƾʲôٳе˼Ҵķգ
֮ǲɣϵҲֻмʮ˼ңֻ⼸ʮʲô𣿡õķʡ
Ŀ֮󻺻Ǿֻǿ˽լЩȾ֮˴ˣֻһЩ˼ұȻ£ʱҪ뽼ѹȾա
򲻵ѣܶô̬ʮּᶨ
̾һǸǺã£ʱ䲻š
ٽ꣬ͨ˼Ӧöڵгʳƶ˼ҾͽиЩȥʱκ˳ţзִֵն򴽣ȼʱ䣬Ҫ뷨ӡ
ȻִҪû֮Ǿֻˣڼø֮˼Ȱ˵Ȱһһҡ̾һ
ĬãǴӦˡ
ҹ㽫֪ǰǰҹø֮˰ҰţѱŵҪһ֪ͨȵʱԭȾٵĽֱֵӱÿյˡ
һҹδ˯˵ĽֵʱʵһҫһŤͷɣջǺģֻΪǲϽ˽׷δڲʡ
䣬տǱߵĹٲ˹£ˣЩȾ֮ͻȻЩ˻һСҪƴ

Цһ



 97 

ϵտʱ, ʮȾߵ׳²˵ͬõǶţǴ˵޶ĸҲ, һʱһš
һ, һ׳ȳһѪҲԼѪ, ʱۿһ쳯ǳ˹ȥĴͷһźţʮҲǰ, ǲǰ޹, һʱ֮侹Ȼ·硣
һ׳е³ͷȥʱ, һ, ޳˶Էϣ漴ڵ, һ졣
ͬʱǰҲϵˣԶԶľͿʼߺס֣ס֣
ڽʮةڰлеԶʱһ, ԥҪҪʱǸͷ׳ͻȻǳ⣺ͣ£Ǿɱȥ, Լƴһ·, ɱ
ž
䣬һ˦, ֱӽڵ, ۼֿ, ̽Ҿϴ, ˿岽Զ
ͷ˱ץʣµһȺ˷·ɢɳԥҪҪʱȥδ㱻סˣԭ˰ײΧһ㣬һ䣺׼̫
οĸ첲ʲôû˵ĳȺȥһüͷҲŹȥˡ
ǰѾܵ˷տǰھЩ˼Զĵطͣ£Ҫѵʱ˹һǰߵ˼æס£ɡ
ǳ廨ڵϵ׳Ҫǰʬ壬ҪǸЩ֮˹һģǲǴˣһЩ˰Ҳƽտӣ
˵ò߶ҪƽտӡޱĿ
׳޵۾ҪѪˣŤͷͬһµ˵ûУŮЫĳһʼûŹǣǻڵʲôϽңһɱأ
ЩƺھʲôЩˣʵһӣĹٱةԸ߹Ȩľη˹ǽͶ·Ҳ¾ĸŶԿ
ɱأǲ֪ͷѾҵΧƾЩں֮ڣɱȥ۵һ˿ɱȥһ㻹не·Ƿض㣬ȷԼԳأ
Ǿ͸ƴˣҲˣɴһ׳ݺݵ˵
һԥһ£Ҳ˺ģûһܱȱĺã
ǣһҲȾߣ˭ˣ
ЩٴοʼǶս˵ʱ׼ӦǣޱĿǣֱһӤޣüͷ΢塣
ŭһǲˣǵ޶ĸδȾƾʲôҪһ
統ͷȣһȺ˶סˡ
ûӦǰǰɫʱһ䣺²ɡ
δ䣬ץסĸ첲׼ǰһ򴽣ᶨĿֻЭͣԭؿ򷽲˵Լõˣ˵㱻ãҪ㣬㱻ʲôˣ
ǰʬֵȴҪȥЩÿסһѵã˱壬ӲͷƤʡ
ЦһʬֵѵûꣿʳҩģѵǴϵģ
ҭһ£һʱ䲻֪η
ڽǰȥݣҲΪǵļ˿ǣܲԼȾ˲ȫҶȾϰɣŭʡ
һȺ˶ʱ˵ˡ
֮ʱϱ廨׳ֿˣǲҪ˵ȥ˿ݸûʲôֱǧȥ
ôƶѲȥˣ֮ˡ
ӲûȥҲõȫʬϸЩˣԻŵܺõȥ
Ȼòȫʬڲ̣ͽʬ͵ͣΣʡ
ҭһ£ƾʲôҪȥҼң
ʲôĪҲ֪ЩʬϵĲڣ˽ӴҲȾЦ
˶ʱ˵ˡ
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ϵһһЩŻҪͬھˣı侲
׳ҪֿЩˣµıǾˣȻԲ˶ߡ鼱֮£һοڣǱ˵
һ䣬۵ĵ˳ȥƫе˵ࡣ׳ֱһûϢ
µ˶ͨգļ̣һʱ䶼ɵˣеСĸǼһֱӻ˹ȥ
ɫ䣺ǲԸȥסҲڼУֻҪ˼һŴײóţҪǰ˵һ䣬סڼ˼ܻȾĽȫûԼǡ
桢ĿԲȥݣСһ䡣
ײסĴ΢΢𣺡ԡ
ǡɱ𣿾͡һ˿׳ŵֺܿ콫
Ż˾ϲ⶯ҡģǼȻǱƻģΪҪɱǣֻҪǲ£ǽ֮¾ʹ˽ҹ
ЩɵЩԥҲ֪˭ȿͷͻȻͨ˵ϣҲŹ¡
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ǰף΢֪ջͬ¼ǰȥ˵
Ҫ죬ٽ꣬ȻҼһЩԵģЩԵҲŲ˼յģȵʳˣأҲǹزסˡü
ǰæӦһڿ쵽ǰʱͣ¡
ͬһҪժȴȵסժ
ôСġʧЦ
Ȼ
εĿһֻۣ÷ժ͸ˡ·˸ǷϣҲԼƣ
˯ɡ
۾΢΢ҡͷУҪȥ̫ҽǣ֮Ҫȥȷһ֮֮󣬾һֱæֵͿס£һֱڶûȥ֮ºò׵˵գ˵ʲôҲҪȥ
򴽣Ѿһҹû˯ˡ
û£յأҪܿˡֱ壬ŬԼһЩ
ĬƬ̣һȥ֮ȥ̫ҽǡ
üôУ
㲻ңʡ
ʧЦǰ֮ϵةˣֻǡ
Ǿ̫ҽǱֱ߽Ӵ
εĿ㵽˽֮ƺԽԽԵˡ
ǲԵЩ㷽žֱӳ嵽Щµǰˣ»ЩãôȾߣѵͲͻȻ𣿡
ڣʲô赭д˵һ䣬ȴǶΡ
ס֣ĸһǷߣûһ㵹˯ˡ
֪˶ãͣſڣ򿪿ڵ¡
ڡ
һ±û˵ˡ
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Ѿˣȥ֮֮סЪϢȻȥ̫ҽǡӦԹǽ°ŵװס
ĿһֱۣӴˣŽյǰţ֮ҴҸˡ
£
еǰæҷżȾ֮ˣ˵մ˲ϸ𴫵ˡ
û°ɣ֮ü
ЦЦû£ҿƺҲû£Ҿͷˡ
֮񲻴㻺˵ˣ֪»Ѱңһֱڵȣ²صңȾЩˣǰȥˣ˶ӿֻҪǲŽˣ㲻¡
Ǿͺãܹ֮˲㣬оͲҪˡʳȱɣʡ
֮ףܼСʮա
ǻͦԣЦһˣͷһ̣һΣգһȥִţȥס
ҪСġ֮۵ǵǡ
˵ͷһģҲǡ
š
˸˼ԶԻ˭Ҳûǰһţ֯Ůһ㣬ޱķ³ͻȻĸ
֮û˵õĻһ㿴䣬һºʣôͻȻˣ
û¡
Ȼִˡ
֪ʡ
Цã֪ڴЩʲôҺ֮ͬãö𣿡
õģٻﶼСӲá
һ£㻹أ
޷ô࣬¾ͷ˼˵ɨһۣǸõģ߰˱
ٿЩ߰ġбһۡ
˰죬֪͵סȥЪϢֱȥ̫ҽǡһסȽѺŵˮˣǽͷֶϴˣŽϢ˯һʱˡ
ǰڸԺ˵ˣ󿪿ڵ̫ҽǽһֱ뷨ӣֻǴ˴߲ͬʮŷδЧֻЩǿǵҩ˺ȡ
Ҳֻˣ̾ŤͷܷţԸȥݾס˻ǲ𣿡
ձնһЩ֮ȣٵöࡣܷҲǷ
˼Ƭ̺ȥ˵ʱֻ˵ݵĺôҪΪ˿ǣһ˻ܱȫҸûĺá
΢ͬ˵ġܷ׵
룺Уߵ˼Ҷϱʶȥݵһֱʶûȥһ֣ٷԸ˼ңмҲǵϺ۹ȥ
ǣ΢ͷԸȥܸӦ
üҵЩӣ̫ҽ˵
˵ˣ̫ҽ˵µķõģ㲻κߣȴҲӣֻǡȷ˶УЩ˼ҲϽˣһӻȾķա
ĬƬ̣Ŀǰƺס
ŰǱͲǿշտһ¶Ȼ֣һԽԽֱ࣬ͷľӲòس棬ߵҩδƳǾô˽ֻø㡣
ȻûߣЧ̫ƣһӶȾϲˣǸ˻δȥݡ
ҵúú룬˼Һú롣
ʧӣһʱû˵
գû뵽ӦԵķӣȰ˵սȾ֮ȥݵ»ڽУһ뵽ÿðȥЩ˵ļУЩʳѰ
տݡúͷտתԺ˼һҪʲôÿֻ˯ʱ˶һȦȥˣǿи˴ϡ
Ҳü
ҲҪ˯ȥ߻ûȿˡ
ǡ
ûпǡ
ֻţֻ۾ŷûһ˿˯⡣
ҲΣ˯ţ
ţ̾ϢһֻҪ벻İ취ҿܻһֱ˯š
ۿҪ˼ͷͳֱϣİ취룬ʲô׼ֻ׼úϢ
һ£ȡŷǸҺʲô
æͿˣĪǲǵýǳϦҹ𴽽ǡ
Ŀ͡ˣ
ǰˣеĺҪѹǮϣܱ˳˳ߡ
㲻ǲŹ𣿡еĺźЦȻĸ֮󣬻ܸ˾ֻʣϽˣû뵽꾹յˡ
Ŀ᣺ǲţܻŵ£ҲԸŵġ
۵ЦŨ˵ͻȻͣˡ
ŲɴֱѣǸжˣұá
ⲻŹˣΪӣ˵ƽվݷİˣĽˤϣǺͿǰùһ˵ƭʱǰӦ֣ôξͬˣȥǰ
˵űӴµºϾߣεҪȥʱּҴҵֱܻ
Ͻסô˵ʣҪˣʲô
Ҿ㣬ӣڣҸҪʲô𣬡˵Ķͷһ£潼ذлл㡣
˵ӦĻᣬתˡ
ֻ潼ذлң˵һ䣬ȴܿƵˡ


 98 

ҹ, ڵƻͨʮվðԺ۾˵㿪ʼæ, һֱҹɢȥ
صסʱ, ͨ죬ֽҲǽŵ, ӽ̲ס˵䣺΢, ͽԼ, Ⱦ˷纮ô죿
Ҳû취, ӹһֱŵĽ, һںųһеȷʵ̤ʵڿ, ɱӪЩʿǲЩϸ˲Ų©ԲŶôá
ѾԸˣ
ӦһԸˣע֮ҹ
װŪʱǵŵ, Ѱո˵ɨһۡ
ЦЦᣬзִ硣
ɫǰɿ࣬ɵҲŷЩȻѾ˽ķ, ǽͲ׼ΪЩ, úõϢһ
ǡ
ûпǣ, ֮ǰһϻ˴, , ɺãȰů
ǿñӹ, ֻһСԴ¶棬۰Ͱ͵Ŀڵģůġ
Ҳǣǰˮ̳װ÷ڴϣʱȡ˫ֱִȺģɿ֡
ĿƬ֮ͻȻЦôôźأ
ƺôµ٩ˣ˵𣿡һ䡣
۾ǰɣᶥˡ
𴽽ǣЬ£ӽҲͷѾůӾôϣǰڷ¥ʱԣҲţ֮ƢǴˣ֪ˣҾͲýų
ǲҷų˯ů͵Ĵ۵״Ц§˻
ĸ첲ˣ㵹ǻ
򷢳ٰյŴסͷϺů᷿ı۰Уʱõһ㰲
ֻ㰲ûֶãԶͻȻһ죬͵۾ſڿ
Ҳģ
ţ⶯ֵùӦöˡȤ
ɨһۣʯϷ룬Ȱﶼʯͷϣ
ǵǣ񶼱ŲʯҲ޷ȥ⶯Ҫ˶ѶѣȻҪԺ￴ƶ
һȤǶԺУȻأ
ǽҹɫϷ𴽽ǣǼȻҾͽȰ֮͵ǰ
Ļ̵̻ʱÿ˶ӻ֮дֽϣȽͶÿռһ콫Ҫ񼣣Ϊָ˷
ЦЦĶС
ǿأ۾
شϣȻճɹˣջæЩ˯ɡ
˯ţǳȥյķӦ顣
ڻ۾̫䣬ȥ
ഩһЩӦûµģһˣδ̫Щ
Ȼ۾ûҪŵ˼Ƭ̣̲ס˵һ䣺Ĳȥ
ţȥҲ׼ȥشúǼᶨ
ʱ˵ˣΪҪͣʱСֹһ䣺Ĳȥ𣿡
ε۾һڵ㹴˴ǣ߰ɣȥ
Ȼ˯ţ¡
ʲô£ûڣĳ˾ֱӷѹ棬оı仯ʱһɲɣγû
żһΣҲûʲô
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Ǿ΢С
¿ˮŬȰ˵㲻ƽӹһӹţɾͰѲˡ
һ£ģƽӹЩҲûʲôָıǼ⻬죬촦ƵĻȦֻҪͺá
ҪʧˣûӣҲעǲƽӹġбһۡ
۵һ˿Ц⣺˼ǣԸΪˣ
Ρԥһ߹ȥסĽף˳ɵߡ
̾Ϣһ˯ɣҪϢ
򴽣ˣĳϵĻƺûɡ
šӦһ䣬һֱֻ˹˶ˣ¡
ʱ֪еˣһĻУ˵
ʱ˵ˣǰ֣ϵǱ¶֪˶ãһƺߣǳ׷＾֣ײɾűס˺ܿ˯ˡ
һҹ˯ǱԺڴĶѵģ۾ʱȥߣץ˸С
˯ġΪΡ
ŹǷ𴲣Ѿ˯ˣҸ¡
ԽԽʹˡ٩һ䣬˳ӵ˹
ЦһۣǲԸ⣬ȻͲʹˡ
иݵıǵ£ѣָǼһ£ѳ
бһۣ㳯ſȥˣƿŵһֳ̣ݳϸ߹ĳ
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ܷżæǰ£Դҹһº󣬽նԸ⽫Ⱦ֮ȥݣǱ߶סˣһͶ֪δãҪȥչˣ¼Ⱦ
㰴ػűԺˣѯʡ
ܷŵͷµķԸˡ
Ǿͻǰһ㣬ò֮£ÿնʳ͵Ǽȥ
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룬ֶһЩˣҪ̫ҽסȥҲ˹ȥһֱæڲŻ
ſסԽԽ࣬طȾ֮ҲԽԽ٣˴һʼıŲżЩǿһϣȻ̫ҽǳٳò֢ķӣֻһֱš
ΪĿǰҪı̫ҽķӣȻûŷ֣Ҫʳ
ЩӰǼеĴԵòˣԽԽݶЩЩܿͼ˵ףȥ߻δľˡ
ѾϵӣҪʳҲաüͷ
һڲˮֻҪհȥͺˣ²ġ
˵ףʱ˵˵Ҳǲ̣û˿ǻ¡һ뵽߻ҪӦɵ̾Ϣһһ̧ͷһ£зӣ
ʵȷʵа취ȻڽаճԱǿɹջûġش
ʣʲô취
Դ󻧡һһ
һ٣ضͨգǸԣЩ˼ңҲû󻧵ĵز㲻ΪǾɣ
̻ͨȴͨ˵Ĵ󻧣ָ̻
Ĭһ˲ָǣ
Ƭ̣¶һЦ֮ƺмӡ



 99 

˵֮, ˣ֪˶ã۾ڣ˵, ˶õˣ
ô˵, ҲΪ˽ذղӣŻ뵽ӡһ޹
Цһҵɵأ
ӰձŲ, ̻ҲûţʳȻûȥ, 㹻ӦյġŬԼ
ɨһ, ͬƽ, Ǽ̸£Ȼ֮ǼӦ, ҽվȥ
ȥͺá̵
һ£ȥ
߻µŵ£С½ͺá
˼Ŀ, һ䣺㲻ҪŴȥ֮Ĳɣ
ѵڵУҾֲ֪صˣ
һҲǣⶼʲôʱˣôִ֪, ǵ˵ͷҪӦһֻǲ¼ѡ
㲻ǲ֪أСǼ
𴽽, ûзһ, ùţȥˡ
֮ЩΪ¸鷳, һֱûгȥ, һ, ʱһ¶û˳ȥ, ɫ糣һŴſڵʯʨվ
ôżΪ˰ɣһ뵽ռô£ʮֲ˳
֮ɨһۣǵˣҲżͻȻһǰѲĵǲǳʲô¡
˼һº󵭵ˣڣ²¡
ȻҲֻ֪һˣΪλҪУ֮ü
ãң
ǡ֮شøɴࡣ
ƺԼݣ㲻Ǹ̷ʲôʸң
ƾƣֹǳ̷ͬĹϵ֮صúƶҵԽԽãǲϲˡ
ҪȣƢ̫ҲͻݣεϲҲֻЭЭкøˡ
֮Ŷгɼȴ˿û뵽ԼȫǶŵ̬Լҡӡµġϱ̫ã̲סһسӡ
֮ĻҲʮַ꣬һӢ̱Ϊ֪֮˵ģ֮ĸ飬Լײýȥġ
֮ɫãԼʱˣ˵ҲʼүҲԵ޹ʵǰѰңĪǵʲô£
ĮĿһۣȷʵ¡
ʲô£֮ʡ
ĬƬ̣һʣƾʲô㣿
֮
˵תҪߣ֮æסѰңΪ˸ҷˣ
ԭ㣬Ҳ˵ˡޱ顣
֮ŵĿΪͬ¶ˣ
ǡֻһ֡
֮һŬԼʱȡˣ㲻ǵһ´嶼Եȥˣ
ãҪ֪ʲôģǾ͸ҵǸƽĿǸ֤պʱʱٳơ
ҲǸھȥҵ£ʲô˵֮Цˣ˵תҪǣ
ĿڣϽϣԳţᱻѲߵĹٱֱӹؽΣµ߽Ҳŵ¡
֮
Ǹĵ𱰱ҵ̫ãҲʱҷˡ
֮Ȼֻһȴ⺮һƽһºŬԼŤͷߵǰɫʣһУҼ˵£Ȼȫ֪
Ǹ·ûĻ
֮ǿ»Ӳ˵һ䣺Բ𡣡
պ󻹸𣿡ʡ
֮
ٷͲֹǸôˡĿһۡ
Ȼ֪仰ģ߽صֻ֮ԭƾе״̬ɴһ֮ǱǺãüĸо
֮װûĴǣޱĿڣڿ˵˰ɣ
ţصˬˣصʳˣѾеӣҲһʱ䣬ҪǼ̣ݻȼü֮
ν£Ҫ֮һЦˣ֪ԼԼźαصǸ
ס۵׵ĵɫǵµķԸʵԲӦ
ǲӦǲǾǿˣ֮Ц
֮Ĵʾʮźû뵽ͨ͸
̿ⷿԿҷУڴ˵ţȥá֮ҧгݵɨһۣתͷȥˣһ߾ͷ·Ҳһ㡣
֪ʱͻȻ˴ѩĺһѩ֮бˡվڷѩУϲ֪ѩ
֮ڷůֺȹʱͿͷ϶ѩԶԶһǰ׷һ㣬˴ñĳС
Կײص̫ãҾ˷ģ˺һҵ֮ЦЦߵǰⷿԿ׵ݵ˿УôˣΪүѾˡ
ˣǽѱݵϣƽöֽͨӹԿףȻԿѾõͻЪŰɣһҪȥҵ£Ͳˡ
֮Ҫ˻ԼʾɵЦһ
˿õɨһۣת㳯ſһ˵Ľֵȥ
ѩµúЩ·ûбһѩΨһһĽӡ֮΢ѵıӰͻȻˣŰүϸȫԼܱȫ¡
ͣһ˲żǰߣйŵʱֵͳֻʣԼˡ
ѩԽԽ֮ǰããһƬ߳˷죬Ϊֵʱȴǲ֪Ļ
ϲֻǰߺ׹һ˵ʱϸľڲ佫˻塣
üͷԽԽʱԶͻȻٽűǳѹ졣΢̧ͷǰ㿴ӽֽǳ֡
۵׵ĮϪˮһ㻯Ϊ⺮һִɫ
ÿʱ㿴ɵվͷü϶ѩһ£ʣȣôԼǱ
²ȥ̫ҽôߣʡ
һⲻѩô
仰˵ûͷûԣȴǶˣ۵һ˿Ц⣺Եµ·Ҳߣҵģ
Ͻˡһţһʱû
ӦһߵǰҪ̧ȥʱͻȻ˹ȥбһۣסֱ֣Ӱϡ
ôסȥˣüͷڴδ㣬仰£Ϊεôã
֮˵ȥԿףȴһȥһʱһֱſڵţԲŵˡܸձ֮Ĺ൱ĸ״ˡ
΢ȣ˵Ϊ㣿
ǲǹΪѣҲУƽղûˣôᵥҸԿ׾һʱ
㵹Ǵ˵ÿɽˣȴָ֮۸㡣֪ΪΣͻȻȱ裬ɫġ
Һ֮䣬ƫġ˵һ䡣ϵѩѾˣֻһƬƬˮۣʾܹί
һʱס֣ȥΪ㣬ҶҪú÷
ôʡ
ЦЦô
̷šȻòܣǽԼҪ˵˳ôõദѾ֪ļ֮ûбˣֻҪ֮ˣ֮谭
۵׵ڴ̲סһ£㵹Ǹ롣
Ҿ֪ܡ
бһۣúͻȻ֮ϲ̣Ϊᣬ̷ͷŷ㡣
ɫΪ˸ɡ
˵ʵ㰮Ųţɨһۣ֮ͬ飬Ϊ̷ҲΪΪѰãʧɱһծˣΪ˰ＮŸ֡
ȻͷƸãδ¸߹ǣ׸˵ҲΪһ䡮ޱһͬġʶԼԽԽˣɵ𴽽ǾȱDD
бһۣڿ˵ңȴתͷͽ븮У궼δңҺˣǸϲģΪ˺ңʼûͷûԵĻѻˡ
ѵ˵ʵ˾ˮûȤ͸ˡ
ҲΪ¶ˣɴҲͬ˵ˣֻ˸ûֿʼһ̸¡
Դӽ󲿷ֻ֮ȥݾסӱûǰǰˣȥûҵƵķӣҲܱȫˡ
ü˵Ⱦ֮˵ҲһҪҵƵķ
ÿɷ񣬶һ£Ȼ󲿷ֲѾߣɲûвˣ֮ǵþܵСĲС
Ѿ˲óŵĽҲйٱѲߣûд󰭵ġ
΢΢ף֮˲٣ÿҪʵ̫࣬»Բ
˵ҲԴգбʿسæ˵̾һұ̫գֲҲֻˡ
бʿǣڽѡ׳£ҶΣУǲԾȣ˭ܾǣͬ뷨
˼Ƭ̺Ƿˣ׳Ҳͨգűʿãͨյɣ
ǰ֮ЩȾգҲΪѾȾߣٻҲỵȥҪýȥ£ҲܴӦġ
֪й֣ҲûȰֻǵȵסûһ䣺´ӦҪѵ֮ģǧˡ
ôˣ²Ѿƪ
һ£ζĿȻ֪²ط߾ֻҪΪҳͷȻµʱ֮϶뿴ġ
̹ϰϲ̨СžŶ˵˳ֱ޲硣
߾ӸµĿעҪң罫Сž˵ʹ졣
һ֪˵ʲô
˵ֱȥˣΪ¾ôˣû¾һ䣬ӶҪˡ
ת۱գѾˣҲδӣһжƽˣһֱ˿̸պпգֻȥˣȴ֮֮⡣
Ϊβϼü
Сڨ˵ͬ˽Ӵ˵Ͼմ˲š
ÿϡ
СسǵⱲûˣοǼȨĹˣһˣСŵֱӹ¡
ȥȵ֮ſڣ㿴ԼǰˣֻǸ˾룬ǰһ
ۿһ죺ǲǡ
ǲǣ±£֮æֻǿЩƣֻȾ˷纮µµģС˽ߣϸ룬־õ±ȻɣֱӸ˵ˡ
˴εпȼûб֢״ϸȷûȾһüͷôͻȻȾ纮
Ѿüˣ񶼿ʼˣµµģһֱû˵֮Ц˵ΪθȾ纮Ҫү𡣡
һ£йء
ҲйأҲãһ˵ˣΪǳʲô²ŽģԼû˳֮ɬһЦ֪û£үΪβŵ£֮ڵǰɢˣү˵Ҳʮ⣬ͻȻ㿪ʼںѵҡ
ѵ㣿һվͲǼĹˡ
֮֮Լõүǹںվôõġ
֪ΪʲôȲˣɫġ


 100 

ʶ֮ûһǺ˺, ԾͲ֮ĶԹˣ֮ܣʵЩ, ɴһ
ʱ, ϢɫʱˣðŴѩӵµġ
Ǿ, ոһͬס£
ãϴ˯š
Ȼ, Ȼȥɡ˾
ΪҪôԼ뿪, ҪôȰԼ, û뵽ôԼ, Ŀһʯһ㡣
̫֮ãһֻּϲĴ, ɵ֮ΪһֱֻĻˡ
鲻, ʱʶԼˣԥһºǸûб˼㲻ȥ
ϴ, ǻ˯, ӲĴͲŶλˡ
˵, ٸ˵Ļ, ֱӷ뿪ˡ
ֱü, Ҳûȥ׷תȥ֮С֮ҩ, ɫź࣬Ƹղˡ
΢ģЩĶ׼ȥˣһҪ֪𣿡
֪ˣ֮һ£ۿ봺ˣȴԽԽ䣬سﲻ˼࣬ѵϺлһЩ죬²ȥַǡ
Ҫôʳˣһô˼ҪġʧЦ
֮ﴽҵĲǵµģ
һ˲ɵ̾һ㶮¾ͺˡҲߵǰֻԼԴס
仰Ҫƴ֮Ц
ɨһۣҲһ˵ô㻹Ҫѧ
֮ҡ
һ豭˰뱭㶼֪Ǹ˿ʵڰԵﶢң׼ⲻ׼ǵģ֪ܵô࣬һ
Ȱȵ˵Ĳã˵ʱֱߵĲˣѲͱԹ˵ãСһ䣺˲ǸˣҲͦõġ
ƺԭȻϲ֮ڡ
һ£ʲô
ԭȵȻϲ׷ܣ㱻˦Ҳ֪ĵײûôϲҲδͬദڣ֮һֱţʼûз£ȻǱԹҲܿûʵ˽ǡ
Ϲ˵Ҳûôϲгһջ뿪ǾȥˣҲŲģô˵һ뵽ǰ뿪Ͳ򴽣ֲһ䣬ǲͬģҪߣҲ붥үߡ
ʹģǰһƽơ
֮ʧЦ£ӦվӣһԼڵģ
һ٣ģôˣ
Ҫˡ֮ش

֮д˻ͻȻˣ˵ЩĲɡ֮͸һΣ£ӷˣȥɡ
ţҽס£ﲻֱӽҡ
֮еæסɣ븮ýЩ´Ҳ㡣
һӵ֮һȰ͸סˣֻϻôˣٻȥҲ㣬Ҿްɡ
ҽ˸׼֮˵žҪ
æֹϢûȫ֮ǰ׼һҡԼȥ׼
˵겻СĶ֮Ȥ񣬶ʱϷһĨ죬ͷ㼱Ҵҵĳȥˡ֮߳סû׼һС˱㼱Ҵҵˣæ
ôżʲôü
Сæ𣺡صµĻүˡ
һ٣̧ͷ㿴Ժſڣﻹһͷգգ۾ǰȥôˣ
һ
Ц˵ϴ𣿡
ͷǵ˯࣬Ҳǿ˯ġش
һĵ˵ձȥ
򴽣ҲϽ˹ȥֻűʶԣΪȥ
ȻΪ˻Լסбһۡ
һ٣²ˣ
ޣʡ
Ĵ΢ǲ롣
ǻ˵ʲô
Ĵøߣͬһסȥˣȥ·ϻΪԼѣʵǲõޣֻ֮ţǹ˲£һᵣĵġ
ˣˣļ򣬾Ƭ̺ͻȻʣ𣿡
˶٣ºγԣ
ȨƣӺûȫҵ⣬պҲϲˣ㱣Ҳޣø𣿡֮ͬĹ󣬼ͻȻû£̲ס˳
ĬƬ̣һֱϲңұǸĵġ
ܻʮ꣬δʮ꣬ôܱ֤һֱϲ㣿һ䣬ҲԼģһʵ̫ˣԼܱ֤ϲάֶá
仰Ͳ˵ˣһ䣺Ҳϲˣ㻹ȨƵ𣿡
ġλشõǸɴࡣ
˶٣ģֲͬ룬
½ôˣôЩ˲˵⣬ɫ΢ǲ֮ͬ˵ʲôˣ
㻹δشҵ⡣
Ȼشҵ⣬ΪͻȻЩá
˼ãΪ뿪ҡ
һ˵ʲô
ҽͻȻ뿪ң̾һȻһֽԼ㣬Ҳ㲢ǳ֮뿪ǾеǷӡ
¡
ǲǹ˽ˣǲܱ֤ԼϲһӣҲһӶ㣬Ļᡣüͷ΢ƺҲԼΪԵ
۵׷ů⣬סֻ֣Ҫ²뿪ҾͲ뿪
ģü
֣صĵ˵ͷ
ЦˣҪ˵ˣһˣΪʵ벻Լߵɡ
ƽµһҹȥʱӾʳˣһͬĻǧ
Ǯʱüͷɵôˣ
֮ǰס·Դϴε֮Ǯ࣬У˵ʿûнǣҪлȥʡµıʳ·䡣
ɣˣسô죿Ҳķˡ
ǮΪѵ£бְڣ£ǻϵǲþܾ
ǰǱջٵģʵڲ滻Լˣ˲δ˵
Ǯ¼϶̾£ǰ˱ְְ˵ʵ϶Ե´ôڽһºǲԱְʱⶣһҪʿȻȥǵ²ӦͿѺʳ¡
һ£˲عζɵЦһ죬ȴֻǵıΣλʵǴÿԣ
ǮºҪˣ¡
ҪܾʱͻȻˣһȰ˵ȻδȴѾƣٴҲǵĴ
ǡü
̾һ֪µĹǣǲӦ»Ҳóġ
Ҿûôˡˡ
ο֣΢侲Ҳ׼߬û취ܾҪ˼Ƭ̺ߵǮǰ
ȻִҪʿȻȥǾˡĮ
ǮæӦһȱʿ뿪Ž˽͵سſڡ
Ҳֻǳſڶѡ
㲻͵ã
Ǯ¸Цһ˵ˣ׾һ˭Ⱦ˲ǱΣ£Բ׼ǽǡ
ĵأҪؾǸʵۣ


 101 

ΪʳҪ, Լֻһʱ֮ظýˣһͬǰȥŴʳ, ԭȴЩʿ, ҲæŰʳʱ׼뿪ˡ
ƣֱǻƣôնΣ֮, ȴֻı췴ʳڸֱ, ԭֻƽӹѿ, һ, Ķû, ʲôʸʵۣ
Խ˵Խ˳ԱߵĻƿڵ, žһͨվǰǰɫϳһ麹㶼ҿ
ͷ, ûע⵽ǰһƽĶܴ, ʳηһ, Ҫϸϸ
, , ү롣ǰͲøϽ뿪, Լæųȥˡ
˳Ĭߣ˭ûȿ˵ǰֱ, ̲סһڣװһʳ΢ѾԼسʮգ̫ҽʮҳߵķӣαǡ
ܴˣĻҲþӹٳʲôʲôʲô˸õûѰɣ
ǰһֱ﷢飬ˣ侲˲٣үĻ΢ʡõġ
Ǿͺã½˳嶯ܴ֮˲طϣʳȻס˲ˣس֮жȻеò֮ˣܴЩܵİ̲飬Ǽеò֮ˣһҾͲʳˡ
ǰһ㶣ү˼ǡ
ȻһѰǲ˷ʳ
ǰЩΪˣɡȾǲңٲҪ·ϱƣǰգôǲƽ
ܴ˾òƽʣһͬʣγǶ˼ҵĲƽε£Ը⽫Ⱦ֮͵ȥоΣȴЩϽߵ˼ҳٳٲܳţʲô
ǰһʱЩ֪δ𻰣ĬƬ̺̾΢Ҫͬһ
üͬ黹
ǰЩΣһʱû˵ԼةˣûеһЩԱǰԳһ΢ҲΪǼķ
ĬƬ̺󵭵һͬ˵
ǡ
ֿһۣת֮УʱѾòˣüʣͬǰ˵ʲôˣ
˵˹ʳŵ⡣ŵ˵˳
Ҳľܾˣɣǰգܲһͬʡ
ֻܱ͵Ⱦ֮˵˼ңߵǰ۾ε߼֣ǰô̫ҽδκãһҲˣֻнвصһ𣬲ܱȫ֮ˣ򳤴˶Ⱦ
Ҷ˼ֻǲһ̣Ҳκһյ
ͬ¿еһָ̣ԽԽʱָ̫ҽǳȷβʱѵһ䣬һ֣ζ޹ĿգΪµġһ̡
ڱңü
һ£ֻ뾡罫ߴˣµѾٻأڽͷģǻϵĽһ߿Ʋסʱ²½ʱǷὫӳȥ
ֽճȭֱϵڴɰ׵ļºԡ
Żɫ£Żеá
˵꣬һƬĬ֪˶ãŵ帶
֪
۾¸򱾹
ȥ죬һȻҪǾе֪˵ʲôһֹˡ
΢Ƭ̺󵭵أܵģ͵ܡ
˵գȥˣѲֵǶ˻Լľ˵ˡǸسǣ۴඼˭иʮݺھӣһҪϰյһƬȻ
˵ǵСȥ֮󣬲Żôϸͬ˵˶ʼʱȾ࣬ͬȻ࣬ǵļˡѡھٻúõĻţѵǾΣ𣿡
û˵ۿȴЩ졣
ɫ䵭ĿǣƬ֮󻺻ȻģǾͰ˵ȥȻЩԸðűȾΣգҲҪȾ֮ڼȻԸⲡ˾ôֻҪȰ˵֪סٳԺȲԸϵġ
˵ˣ˶ٷк󣬲ȻȥЪϢһһ㿪ʼȥ¡
ߺǰ˹¼ȻѾ˾ֱȥǣαغķôľͬ˵Щʲô
ˣǲŻӣֻ»ú̾һ̧ͷǰǿЦһºʣܴˣǷñʳҪЮգʵЩ
Ϊֿǣ΢׵ģֻǡǰЦһ΢ĸĸ٣Ǹĸֱ۵ġ
Ĭˣ֮ĸ첲̧ȥˡ
¶Ը׵һѰ˸䷢һֱҹŻס
һֱڵӭȥ½Ϊλصôʲô¡
ҽƫ˯
Ȼֹ֮ſڣΪҽյ飿
ֻЩҡ򴽣ͷƫȥˡ
ĿıӰվõ׻û׷ȥ
һҹעߡ
һʰ׵һͬȥ߷ðռˣǰ˵æϹȥÿһȾ֮˵İճˮһæǰȴһ漾סˣֻմһۣʪ͸ˡ
Ŀʲôʱģ
³ʱұˣֻǾõ²ңûõ֪
΢Ҫ˵Ǹˮ˱ŭԸҵߵģǱ붯ҵ
򴽣ǸˣԶأ̫ҽҩѵҩ֮ǰ
Ҳȥݵǿ˶ݺݵ
ЦһȥݵһͶһߵķӳܵһʱҩڼҵȴֻܻƴҪסףǲǾǾͻΪТ˳ˣǣ˽ĲТӣԲŻ˺ġ
˵ǲʳģŭ
ޱ飺ǱʳɱûӻʱѵҲҪֱӲ㣿
˱ҭùǺ춼û˵
ȰȴºαȰֻмʮˣ񻼲֮˻࣬סǱȻȹЩԸ⽫ȥ˼Ұɡ
һ£˵ȻˣǾ߰ɡ˵꿴һۣϻ˸ɫȦ
˻ˣʲô˼ΪʲôҪ
ģҪʲôֻһۣպ󲻱ٹҡۻص
˵ۣ㡢ôܲܣ
֪֪㷽£ȫĮʡ
˿ϵĻʱͷˣԿ˵ɨһۣͼһͬ뿪ˡ
˿Ǻԥ뿪ʱĻˣһ仰ѿڶǵչ˺ҵ
ͬʱͣ£ŤͷûߵķӣǱÿն᰾ǿʵҩ㣬ȷಡ֮˰סѾȥˣֻҪܳһգ㲻
ԥһ˲ҧãԸҵȥҲҪȥҪܿ
üҪܾˣȥԣҪɨ۵æ
˼ûԥĴӦˣһ㣬̻ȥʰˡ
Щˣ˭Ҫģ
ʿˣǣٲЩµ˸ɻǴ㽫Ƕ𣿡ʡ
һۣҲÿ֮ȥǱߡ
ʲôһ˿ÿֻ׼һ棬ʱͰſǱ߸ɻ˵뷴ԣֲһ䣬ˣҲˡ
ֻһ䣬㲻ˣһǵȻкã۵׵ĺȴǲƭ˵ġ
̾һ߰ɣȥ˼ҡ
ȥͺã»סס
һˮʪѣʱһѾӲˡ򴽣ȥѣٳˡ
»ȥյļƲҲ죬ûõ¶ŵĵòԱߵļˣѹѿʪˣʵû͸·ġ˵䲻ʲô˲ңҪܰյŭȴҪ۵ġ
Σʲôʱˣ㻹
һ㡣ͫڣͷֻʣһ
ĬƬ̣Ťͷסȥˣ۵һ˿Ц⣬֮Ŵһȥ
صסͿģȱ֣סҲɳȥˣټԺֻһˣ͸һ֮ġ
ԺȥʮֲζΪЩʲôȴֲ֪ӺڣĿ˳ϣһ뷨
ʱɫѾװˣһסͿΧԺſڣüǰȥ˵˲þڣΧʲô
һѾæүȥðˣ²׼ǽȥ³£Բš
Ļû˵꣬˽ȥȻŴðŴỊ̇ɫһ˽ȥһͱѬÿǿܾѰӰڵ϶źֱ̲һ˳ȥ
ջյէһһعʱѾͷˡ
˷º⧲һź˫鶯һ˲Լϴˡ
ʲôЩεʡ
۾øˣȴȻԺſڵСѾߺｫǲˡ
ֻʣ˺󣬼Ϊ˼Ŀڣһ뵽տ϶Ҫƽ̲ܲסۣΪЩʲôֲһ¡
˵ϸһȷϳϱõûбĶ΢΢һûٱ۸ͺá
˭˵û۸ҽһ˼ңаѮֱ̫ùѪͷ۵ȴЦ⡣
һüͷʲôˣ
һЩõĻ˵ſ۵Ĺڼæһ磬Ǹ׼˺ö
ȷʵǺöʱҪġԼ׼Ķһ
ԾһԼСȷʵͦҪġѾüʱδˡ
ǻȥ˵ţͰơ
ɣֻǶ˶ӦˣҲվ
Ϊָָ𣺡ҽյһ𣬷ʱʱеġ
ڿޣë˳󣬲ſϵĴ
ʱθסֻбԵĵطðڵỊ̇ȻѾˣֻûʲô˵ζѾˣǼһѳԣҲҪȫꡣ
ţ㺬Цƿ˹Ȼһɢһտˮǰ
ʱסˡ
ôǲǺҪȲ˰ɾһ죬ȻǲģϽˮԡɡ
ޱĿ
һ£֪һ䣺㲻ϲ
ǲϲֻͬĲһʵش
üҪʲôҪͬһԡɣ
ϵ̫ԣЦãҪ˵ǣЩΪѵĿڣûҩˣŪͷǿԵġ
ġǡֱʻضȻһϵĵ˵ͷ


 102 

ҹ, յЩˮùˣŴϢ
סӿʼ磺ỳ˰ɣ
һζ, ûô׼ġο
һֻۣһΣ
𴽽ǣʵڵ, ̫ҽΪ丱ҩ
ɣ̫ҽæĶ, ûҩҲľܾˡ
Щͷ󣺡Ҳϲһֱҩ߹, ûӺҩķӡ
߹ܼ, ԭŶ׼, ЩӺǶ֮, ׼ʱ˲٣Ǻõ, ˸Ƽţ֮ķӣҺܷġ
ԭķӡʱ
֪ʲôǰѾ˵Լ֮֮, ѰգǾͲˡ
һע˱𴦣治˺, ȡʲô
ûʵش
ôһųӣ
ų, û۾, ԭ, ԼһӶԭ, £ġ
, ڿˡ
𴽽ǣ˼úʣ´ĸգ
ҲЩȴҲǿԵġڵ
룺˹գƺЩǾռɣŮԿɣǲġ
˵ΪڽػϵģԽм
һ棺𣿡
ԣϾܾںӱ߻ϵģǲǻмӣ
ıʱ΢ˣǵĺлм𣿡
붼룬ޱ飬ȥ̫ҽһⱲӶӡ
Цˣþò֣ǱסҲЦ˳
ദʱģȻһۣһսתȾ֮һգǽе
ǰЩ˼ѾŲ鼸ˣĻӦûʲôˣǰ̾ձݲ٣˶ʳѾһ룬µõˡ
ѾӣҪȥˣüܴˣձϢɣʣǼұǰȥ
΢ۡǰæ
ΣϢɣ⽼ػ£в۲ˡ
ǰԥһ£ǴӦˣһۣ˴ǳˡ
Դ֮ǼûϢʱԽãǱԽΪӲȾߣѾȥסˡ
ۿԽԽ㲣֪Ѿŵ˼ޣôȥǻݽ߶
սʣµ˼ҽˣҼһӣҪǰõʱȥǰɡ֪ǳʲô
򴽣˵˴඼ȥ˿ݣ˭Ҳ֪ûȾ֮˸һȥ
޷ʱҲµġ
˼Ƭ̣ҲǸ⣬ֻˡ
ӦһʼȥˡһֱæϣֻʣһҪŲˣɫɣŤͷǵλˣŲ꣬ͶȥϢɣȵ֮ԼȥʳǾˡ
ºү࣬⼸ûٰѾͬˣ˵㲻ǰн
ЦЦȥռſţֻ˰죬û˳üͷɵý
£󣬽һ߿Ժš
ԺյģһӰҲûС
ǰѲߵʱ򣬻ˣôվûˣһɻ
һۿڣĪˣ
ܰɣûͷŵЩǳŽգ˭Ҳȥġ̷
Ѿµʲôɫƽȥ֪ˡ
£סȥͺá
ӵĿһۣƿȥҲϽ˹ȥݿʼѲ飬һҵˡ
ССڣһŴϣÿ˶ɫڣȻж
һصʬ壬ɫȻƽָȴڲסķ֮˳ȥſھ߸Ż
˵ɫҲãЩǰ٣ôҲû뵽ԸȫԾҲϽȾ֮˽ȥ
ߵߣĺ󱳣ૣҺǵġ
ҳģͬ޹ءش
һеҪϽȾ֮ˣҲᱻҡ
͵޹ء
ۿ죬֮߰ɣһҡ
¡
һڣɲѺ㷢һ춯һݿǱߣʲôˣ
ҲǱߣǳĲ
ӸɲѺһСĸˣϻһƲǺæ£λλ
ɩһ۾ȵʣô
ҡҡûԵˣҾһ㡣ɩ֪Լ͵̲סԽԽС
ۣʶ
صµĻʶģɷ⽵ģǵһȥסˡۻش
ɩһԼĳƺۿ͸ˣİﺢӲܰÿյʳȷʵԣȷʵû취ˣ˶ˣЩԡ
ҵˣʡ
ɩ᲻סµûУǼʲôûС
ԤϣĬһ˲󻺻ڣ϶࣬ȥǰԵˡ
л£ɩæ
ŤͷۣǲǾһ˼ҡ
ǡۻش
Ӧһ˴˵ʬ壬ſɩ߰ɡ
ɩȻ֪ҪʲôǼæӦһԼȥˡ˵ǰ㣬ĺͯȻӲȴð֣ǼܳԵ֣ӷǰ˷СĲ࣬ҲѹǼҳԲ
һܣĿݽ֦ϣ֦ȴСĵķϧɵú棺ʲô
֦ɩش𣬡ˮ˻ζǸӺȵġ
΢΢ף㽫Ŀ˻ֻˣ
صµĻǡ
ûȾ֮ˣʡ
ɩ˸һ˲ûˣѾȥ˿ݣˣȾ֮ʲô
Ⱦ֮ҪȥݾסִڼУһұ㲻ʳˡһΪ͡
ɩæûеģûȾ֮ˣ
Ƭ̣ʾȥѡ˿ϸһȦԼ΢΢ҡҡͷ
üܾɩЩ֣ûѳȾ֮ˣҲֻˡ
ңһ˱ߣƽʱѲƬۣҪɩһңæӦ
Ȼм˼£ҲˣһȺ˻ȥʱĲࡣŸɩ۵ɩҲδ̫躢ˣ˻ڸ֦ˮ
˾ͺȲ𣿡档
ЦǺȲãֻⶫζ̣ǲ׺δһӤȵģҺӶǰˣٺȷʵá
֦ζ̲סˡע΢תƣ̿ڵǰ֦ӣȥһõ³
ȣء˼ĺȶЦˣͶʮһģǺǸЦһۣʾ׼˵
Ŀͻصס󵽵׻֦ˮ಻סģСĵһڣζȻ̵ζ
Ѻˡü롣
𣺡Ӧǲϲζ
ȷʵϲϽߡߴ١
ӦһȥˣʱͿϺһƬ·һ㡣
㶣ɵɻ󣺡ôˣ
µı齥ࡣ
ʱǰ̫ҽӣ˵һ䣺ûʲô˶ѡ



 103 

ʱ, üʣյýǳֻһ֦ˮѵһھ͹ˣ
үĻ, ֮, ֻһڣҲпΣ, Һõ֢״أֻҪҩ, ձˡ̫ҽص
򴽿, ۵׵⼸ڵס, ο, Ц̫ҽˣ鷳̫ҽˡ
¿̫ҽ, ֮뿪ˡ
ѹͳҲãͼҳԶ
һС£ֺαطϡο
Ȼá
֪ţǼˣĿѰһȦ, ˵֦ˮϣҼǵϲ̡
뷣Һ֦ˮһĻˡ
һûÿնȣʲôʱ, ʲôʱͣ¡
, ֱӽͷˮһθһ, ȴࡣ
бһۣȥ׼Ҽҩ, , ˡ
ȥӦһ
֮󣬼һ۾Լ׵, ɵ̾ϢһΪӣʱֱӽȫˣҪºҴһסһҩ㿪ʼϢ
ҹʱգԺиоչԼ뿪˵ȴ۾δΣһε˼ţɱˣĹǰ
һñңʱ˯ǰۣڴϾþʧֱſڴ˯ŵŻع
ǳһЦǰһ£ȷѾûкȥˡҪڸſڷַʳùȥ
ſڣÿվһŶӵֱӻؼңſڶؾصӺǳϡ
ſڿƬ̣ĿһϤӰϡҲæ˸񣺡¡
ҺǲԣһԶһЩǰϤӰռɩ֪ǲûԱԵʣǰСЩ˵ֿգ˶ǣǼʵǳԲȥԱдԼֺͼլڣȶЩʳȥ֮ٲǷʵ
л£
л£
м֮ʵǣﴽǣ̧ͷ㿴ǰˡ
Դ֮󣬰ǾͲûͷӬһҪǺúŶӣҪúŵġǰЦ˹
ʧЦֶοɲºͣӦҲֻϡΪ˷ȫԾһӣ鲢á
Ҳϰˣǰ࣬㲻ʲô
ˣǰæϣüʱ˼һδȾЩǸм£αЩȾ֮ˣȴ֪İգչ˲ˣʳԣǸмء
𣿱δ˸м֪ǸʲôζЦһ
ǰż۵ʱЩζˡЩһֱż֪˶٣ΪλǸģȴû뵽ʲô඼ܳԣĺʹ˶Ҫࡣ
˲˵΢Ǵĵ׸м£ԷƱǰ
һֱû£º͵ŲǿЦܴ롣
ǵ²Ҫǡǰش
ЦЦתȥ߰ɣȥݿ
ǡǰæ˹ȥ
һͬſݵķȥˣ·ʳߵİգǰЩӷ·һĽأҲ
е£߲ܿסǰ̾
ɫسǿסˣɿǱѾȾˣȴȻ޽⡣
ǰ򴽣ЩᲡ֮Ҳתزز˶ȥˣ΢Ⱦ֮ܲˣֻҹ佫ʬȥտӣ˻֪ԽԽˡ
ݾбһʯͷҲԽԽ͡
Ҳû˵
һ·Ե˿ݣմһΣ㿴ˮСӣ˿һſڷ
΢΢һβŴ£ҵȥˡ
üʱȥģ
һʱǰۿʵ˿ƽ۵ȴ޹⣬ûеҪͬھĺݾ
Ŀ֮󻺻ܴˣ̫ҽ
Сǰü£ǰѾ˵ˣ˿̲ôǵദɼ̬ȼᶨҧҧȥˡ
տſڣʱֻʣ¼ˡ
£ҵҪ𣿡ʡ
Ĭһ˲Ⱦ֮ȥˣҪղС
ҵһӣȫʬˡۿˣƬ֮һλָƽᶨĿżµģ⼸ڿݣҵһͶԵúܺãÿﻹкޱǣ֪ĴЩµ˺ãҺܸм
лԽƽĿھԽ˺һ㣬۵úˣҲЩľˡ
ɹڣʵӦǲģһ˫۾ʮָɾżƬ̣ͻȻһ䣺£κ𣿡
û˵
ЦЦҾβõģֻҪȾ˲·һ۱ˣҵΪ뺦ˣһֱڼвϳš£ҵǸ˶԰ɣ
ܺã̵ҲܺáָѾģȴʹһ㡣
˵Ŀյǰ̫ҽҴҸˣల£һ̫ҽֺܿԼҡҡͷ
Ŀˣڰ˳䡣
һ˿ϣûˣȻЦЦһ¡
˵ü
˿½Һҵ֮ǰһҲڻȪ·ϸҵֿ˵±ӻӡ
Ļ͸ŹŹ֣üͷԽԽʶʲôʱɫһ䣬һ׼ȥ
ȻѾˣͳõƬŲӺݺݸȥϵѪ˲˺ԶѪҺ˼ϡ
£ǰʧɫѼߣȻѾ˹ȥס˵Ĳӡ
̫ҽ̫ҽŭּȸȾ֮Ҳߵ߿
̫ҽæǰ鿴˿ڣüͷҡҡͷ
һץס죺βã˿ҲôҪкã
£ǻ٢Ҳ˰ҽģ̫ҽҲ¶ʹ֮ɫ
Ҫٳ⣬˿ڵȴ϶Ŀˣ£ǵýҺ͡
㲻˵ͽʬҵϣŭ
ĺݻЦһ£Žһ۾ҡҲȾˡ
һ㶡
ҵ۱ˣҲǡԽԽСβʧʱ۽ҲһᣬʹĿ־壬һ̳Ļ
ֻһƬհף޷Ĵ죬ĶȴֻХķҲ·𱻱һ㣬֪ûˡ
£¡
ƺڽȴֻĿѾûˡộ֪ˣȴǵһξôǰ
ͬǰʱѾʬ죬һǰʧ
Լ·׹ѣֺĵط׹оԼҪ뿪ʱһ˫ȿס󣬽
һ˲·ийٶˣĿŵϵʬ壬ۿڷ졣
µȹˣǻȥϴһºòã庢һ
̧ͷƬ֮ߴӴһһɨĿ֮Ⱦ֮ˣݿ¡ɫٲ֮˻űӣΪʱܻѪ
ڿסôʱ䣬ҲܾԼ۵׵ĹѾˣ˿̿ˣ۵׾һֽѺͻȻ
ֻǵܣǵĳĬһѰѵĽ١ǸػһҲȲǵķ
Ŀǣһʱ仰˵
£Ȼȥɡʧǣߣû֪ĸͻȻһDD
£ˣǲ߾ͽˣ
͵ؽסһ˲ͷʱ۴ӴһͷײǽϡΪ·һѣҲعʼһԲС
˦ȥ˻ߵŭ𣺡ס֣ס֣˭Ծţ
üв˲ãȾ֮˶ͣѹһ㣬˶ʹ޳
ܻȥ˭ԸһʮŮ˱ޣһкӣŮڳǲܱ۰
ǲʣȴҲ
֪˭ͷǴ˳ۼ֮·ϣ̵ڼǰȴھ뻹мԶĵطͣ£ԼͬĹȥ
£ǣǸȼˣֻˣزܸɾɣ
ˣ
ǡ
Ѿأһſͷ·ֻǵļ˲ܻȥĿǣǿŲûе¡
ǰЩգۿҲˣһָŹĳ嶯ֻҪȾ֮˶ˣǿ֮˱㲻ΣգƺѾǵĹʶ
һƬУڿˣɳ϶ûȾ֮ˣ߲ˣǵļҲǻΣգǵûκμֵֻ鷳
һ˵˶侲Ҳһʱʧǵǰ
æͰס̫ҽʲôӣҲãԲˣͽ̫ҽǵ鷳ĿЩһһɨ
Щѵһ̫ͨҽ˵˰һд׵֮󣬱żסˡ
һ·޻쵽ʱͻȻ̫ҽǰ˵ӴȾ֮˵ѪҪȽӴȾ֮˻Σա
¿϶¡ᶨĿ
ʮƽƫԺճȥƫԺסǴ¾Ȳˣ߻鷳㿴ŵ㡣
Ҳ׼ߡס֡
ųĽֳ¾ôˣǸҹҾ㣬
˵ĿһۣתƫԺȥˡ
ϣƫԺס£۾ʱﶼǰĻ棬һҹûô˯
һ磬߳Ժӣǽͷ춯ü˹ȥֻſǽͷϣк磬ûԺӣ㲻׼ҡ
Σſʲô
㿴һۣǽͷϵʾ⣬Žͷ֦ˮһյķҲˡ

Ҫȥˣ¿ʲôҪŵģѯʡ
£򴽵ýҲҪȥǵÿٳһˣǮ£⣬ܸõ˵ġ
ǣ£Ӧһȴû뿪ǾĿãֱ۵¶Щɻ󣬲ſһ䣬ջˮѣ
ֱӶˡش
ԡ𣿡
ˮСʱһĺЦ
Ĭãûвɣ
ûСش
ĿûУ򡭡
ô㻹Ҫһٲɣü
Цһû˵뿪ˡ


 104 

֮, ̾˫־У۾ϸϸ鿴ϴ, ѪѾϴ, ѪҺıĴУȴҲϴɾ
ǱѾûס, ԭסŵȾ֮ʱƣҪôԽԽ, ҪôֱӰסȥ, סķ, Ҳǿ²١Ҳķ, һΪĿݡ
Ҳ뿴ġ
ȷûȾߣһʱ䲻Ӵ̫, Ծҽоܲҳķӣֻϧһͼʹ, ûҵκηӡ
ڵʱ˺Ϣ̫ҽ⼸ѾҳߵķˣȻ޷, ȴӻʱ, ֻҪٶһЩʱ䣬ܳߡ
Լеǽ, ߵһʱͣ£棿
, , տǱߵȾ֮˶ùҩˣ˼, 񶼺һЩش
üҩǽƳģ
Ҳ㣬ǰЩӾˣǰ˵Щǿʵҩӻһǽղŷֵģ̫ҽǱҩϸϸ͡
һô˵һ¡𣿡
£ϵЦ⵭ЩǵˣֻǡһεĶࡣ
Ǻ⣿ü
򴽣һֱעߵ£֪Ⱦ֮˶ȥݺ󣬱Ҫ󾡿ǣջָ
Ǻ⣿ɫ
׵ģϿͣ˵Ϊ˲Σ˼𢣬򵥵ķӣõ¾ȡᡣ
ҲӦأ䵭ʡ
˽£֪¶԰²ֻ֣յʳҪڽݵˣǲӦ֮㲻
ýذյҪЮû
ĬƬ̣±£ֻҪ֮ҵߵҩԻջس
Ȼǰô춼ûҵӣֻյʱôҵõյòУȴֻǿ򶨣ϢһҪסǴȻɴҡ
֪ش
鼫Ŀһۣ⼸յʳŸܵʱ䣬̫ҽǸϽоҩһҪҵߵķӡ
ȥ죬˵һ£̲סһ䣬ӿвʣ
ƺˣŻɫû£ٹúõģҾͳȥ㡣
ţ϶ûµģնЪϢȳʱеæˡɫ΢ɡ
˳ĵ˵ͷߺҽɫԽԽڣԺе˵ƣҲ޷ٿˣֻһһõƣ׼ȥһվǰһϵȥȻعʱֱߵҽѾˡ
æ漴ЦһҪʱɫһDD
ЩӽӴıȾ֮ˣǵЩȾϲˣһʼ֢״ǰڡ
ܵģһؼұ㽫Լⶼϴɾˣ֮󻹺˵㲹ҩô׾ȾϲӦԼվ̫һʱܲסˡ
ȥһµҽҹ֮˯
֪ǲΪ̫ˣһ϶˯ò̤ʵǺ죬ȴһһĺʱɫࡣ
۾Ŵᣣúߵױ̨ǰͭ㱼·𿴵ǰǰԼ
žӿƬ̣һ㱡ױȥȻѾǽͷˡ
үǽͲ±ЦεĿ
ϸƬ̣΢΢𣺡½ɫࡣ
ţٹձܳˡ
΢û¾ͺá
ոǱˣѯʡ
һаã·Ъš
΢΢ͷͬЩģŴŰ¡뿪ʱܾﲻԣյļɫǺ࣬۵ȴƣ·һ㣬ѵǲ
üͷ΢ȥʱһ̫ҽ֢״˵
ү˵ǰ㣬ӦֻûϢãȾߺԵ֢״ɫ԰׿£ɫǺõġ̫ҽο
Ļģʱһͷüͷ΢ǰȥһæˡ
ү밲˵Ÿ˱Ӱæڽͣɩװֵĺӣرܳԣ˵ҪЩʳ
ɫܲȷûȾߣʡ
һ£ӦûаɡôΪẢӰƽսԵĶʡˣҺӶߣҲȾˡ
ֿɩıӰһۣиͬһȥһ
ӦֻҪȥѰɩʱһͻȻһˤڵϣſȳһѪ
ͻȻĶǷ֣ʶۿȾߺ̾ŵӴܣһʱ䳡ס棬̫֮ҽ
̫ҽΪ֮ɫˣزΪǰ˵
ۻãȻڣһֱԵú˯úãδйȾĸо
̫ҽʣһϣЩӣǲסڸã
үĻǰԸҪǶסڸãһǲǳʲôҲۼˡ뵽ʱ䶼Ǻֵͬͬסһʱû졣
ɫ̷࣬ԸȥۼУ̫ҽΣ֮˰֪ͨŲȾʱȥݵţµܴ飬ţЩȥ
ŶŶãְȥ
ѾɢòˣֻʣǻڣǴҴҸǣΪ֮Ǹſ֮һͬȥ̲飬Ⱦߣһβ˷ʱ䣬ֱŤͿݣ
ǣ
ɫһֱæµҹŻأһֱԺĶæ̧ôصôʲôˣ
һͣĿڶ֮ǽƬ̺򶨵ûʲô£һ糣
Ϊλصôü
Цһˣ
ô㲻ء˵Ų˵Ļ۵ȴһ˿Ц⡣ȻĿЦӦûǺõġ
ߵǽߣΪƣǽϣ½ڼҶʲôˣ
˻ҽ飬ҽߵķӣȴֻǰæһҲߵǽߣָǽϰ߲ۣȻˣЩȴھʱĸоǻҪҵмˡ
𴽽ǣǱЪգΪ¶š
΢ģ
ţġ
ЦЦ֪ˣϽȥЪŰɣҲҪ˯ˡ
Ӧһűǽ뿪ˣԼվƬ̣Ҳת˷䡣
һ磬޷һ±ǽͷϿֻͷûֻһ˵롣ЦãŽյһҪٺ֦ˮˡ
ջĿ⣬ĲɵԺػԺȥסȻܻȥ
Ҫɳʱ䣬ֻϣҪ
飬һֱȵҹŴͷ˵˼仰ȥϢˣֲֻҪȥ¡
΢΢ü鲻̫Ծ
Ѿȥ˯ˣҲܻȥѰֻһȥǽµţѯһȻȵ綼ûˡ
ԽԽ̲סʵִ˼ȷԼûκһλ¶ŴҴҳš
ֻȻϱȾߵİʱסˡ
ûôֱʱصİգǰ
Լ侲󲽳ȥ·һߵűߣΡΡˣЩԵİɡ
û𣿡ʡ
߿ɬҡҡͷǰЩӾͽʳˣͶܣոֱӶˣˣѾûгԹˣһڳԵİɡ
˫߬ȭƬ̺𣺡˼ңͷΣգһȥţһᾡЩʳ
ˡ
ҡ
ĿƬ֮ʣǲǳ¡
һۣ󲽳ȥһǰŭ𣺡۶ȥˣΪζܳˣŲڼգôǰˣ
£ǰ·ʮ꣬ʵĻһǰﻹȾ֮ûȥݣһͬȾ˲Ҳ౻ȾѾѲߣǡԭģֻûʳֻܳҰ˿Ƥס
һЩΪβ˵
˵Ҳûã侲ڣ⼸Ȼһ£ӦѾ֪ˣܴȫʯ󺣣ǮҲ˶ԽصѾء
ͷֱôңôҡ
ˣ˵һ֧վ͸ͬǮ»ˣ֪Ҫʲô
һ٣ǰҹĴ·ֳǰ˼ľѹ˳ˡһΣ֮ǰ˺һ˾롣
ڿУƬ̺ջ֣ĿĿ绹ھУзӽ
һûûȨʲôʡ
ش𣬡ڵ鷿У͸֪á
΢Ƭ̺󶨶ĿسжٰȾ
Ĭú󣬸ĸ֣ɹ
ѾܿˣҪ˼գȫǶȾֻҪûβķӣɬ
˫߬ȭ뿪Ը𣿡
˵ˡ
ǰһĻţ£Ѿ˽أذֻˣɲܡ
Ӧʳġ
ǰס֪ʲô˿ãζԸװĽ
ˣв۵һ˿Ȼ϶Խ˽ôǮҲˣټȫǻܶˣŰ峵ߡ
⡢ҪɱͷﰡǰҪˣɫҰ׵Ŀż
ܴ˻бķӣ
ǰǸˣѧ֮ҾĸֿĹǱϷҲûҪ
ɵϼĿʱȴڣ񡭡ƺҲֻˡ
˵عҧгݵĹݣ΢ȴǲУҲҪΪһڳʳ
Ǿ߰ɡĿһ̧ۣűȥˡ
ǰܿѰټϲٷ˵ˣǹȻʼңʹ޳ǰŻڵôҶȥҵʳڳ´δǣѾ˷ӣֻҪǸɡ
ĴǺãԸ׷泤
Ը׷泤
ǰĿЩɨǾŵ֮ɱͷĴҲȥ
ǶȾ˲ͻȥˣʲôµģ
ԣû
ûʲôµģ
ãǰȻˣϳֵųǣ
ǣ
һȺ̸ɢȥұȥˣʱе˳ͷе£󲿷ΪȾݿ£ȴκһ֧
ǣҪǳǣ£Ҵȥɡ
£µĴ΢⼸սӴȾ̫֮࣬ѾͱҪˣȥúˮԼϴһ飬Ҳϣ¡

ˡٸȰ˵ĻᣬֱŰǳȥˡ
ĽӪǮ˵صİմӳ󣬼æϰ˳صķȥİպæŭһ䣺ǳʲô
˵ʲôڡ
Ǯһ٣æ£ذղóŰ벽Υ߽ɱ²ҪñְΪѣ
㽫ʳǣͻȥ
Ǯһ㶣ʲôʳû˵Ҫʳ
˭˵ҪϵĸˣЦһҪĿ
Ǯ££㲻˵Цɣ
ѡ򲻸Ļͻȥ䣬ǵȫȾ֮ˣǲǻ·Ҳǻ·
䣬һʾһ˿ѪӲ֮߸߾𣺡̫ҽ˵ˣǵѪǸϽʳ˸ǣǶ㣡
Ǯ£


 105 

ⱲӶû, ǮֱӲ֪ʲôӦˣĿĿ
ƽĿǮͳ죬Ͷ·, д², и㣬պ, 㽫ζƵϣ֤㲻ʲô𺦡
˵, ְ⻹ǧҪҪ, ʳ˵, ǱְЩʿô죿Ǯüͷ, ȻϴӦ
ĿڷԮ͸õˣǮͳıһ϶ã
Ǯ¶ʱĬ, ֮ҧǰ˱ְһְ˵ʲôҲҪˣȡ
ǣ
ۻشӪһ˵ʳ, 񶼸ܣȻû뵽ô˳Ǽʮֵ
ʱ, ʿŰ峵ڼǰ, ǿô峵ʱɨһһ, , Ͻǰա
Ǯü²űְ
δʳ, һʱʧ̬ǮͳҲͬǼƽϡ, ·ָʾȥһ
Ǯ֪Ĺ˼ɣҲû˵ʲôȰȷЦȻȷǵ¾ʹŰǻسǰɣְҲô˻رӪˡ
˵ţǣҪͷ뿪
šڡ
ǮϵЦһ侲֮ͷ»к£
Ӫǧʳü
ǮڨЦҲ֪Ԯվ͵ˣǱְӪʣ࣬ΪҪԮأ
ժĿǮɫһ䣺²ժˣ
Ǯ£㻹ǽͳʱ򣬱Ѿʴƽݳ߹ˣƽĿ˳д˶ݣĶ٣ұ
ǮϵЦʼǿˣ£ְġ
ٸһλᣬˣͷݹֱ档
Ǯͷۣ£㲻ҪΪѱְ
촽̾аǰһǮͬǶŵһ
һ֣İƲԣѪƲϺ󣬱ǮµмһͶȥ˼
ǮҪˣ£

ˣǮ¼æϣְͽȥᡣ
˵ˣһλᣬٲʳͲͬˡ
Ǯҧҧ̽˸˵˼ֱסˡ
ɵվŸʲôȥǮŭ
˻񣬼æӪȥˣ˱ǰʮ峵ʳ
Ǯüͷ壺£ֻЩˡ
ɨһ۰峵ŵڣллǮͳ졣
лǮͳ죡
ллǮͳ죡
ǲβ𣬽ڼʾ¸Ͻȥ峵ǰǹˣϽ˼˳ķס˰峵
ȻʳѾ֣ȻؽˡǮ¡
Ǯ³ƿɫôãǱְͲ͵ˡ
ɨһۣŰǳȥˡ
·ϣһյǵʣ£ǮͳΪô׾ͽʳˣʲôıɣ
Ⱦ߱нһ㲻ʲôôѡһ㶼⣬˵꣬ϲİһۣ۵ײɣֻһã¶ˡ
ղ˼ҲȥŤͷʮ峵ʳʱ˸߲
λسǼض飬ٰնΧȥͷۣҪǰǲɢʱͻȻ֣ץĸ첲ٴߡ
üܾôˡ
ܴ˻ᴦʣµ¡һֱ߽һͣ£üͷտи̫
ûУһֱСģأСЩ
ΪСģѶˡش
üĿ΢Ǿͺá
磬¿ֻܴһΣҲûлˣЩʳǿգ֮Σʡ
򴽣̾һһһɣûнߵķӣʲôʱ䣬ڵĵһ¡
㵣ԮˣֱӶԽ֣ʡ
򴽣ǡ
²صģеӣ̶Խʲô΢سҪ͵˼ȫС
һۣĬú̾һԸɡ
죬Ƚǰ˵ǰһֱæµҹ㽫¶æˣͬһסȥʱ̧ƫԺߡ
¡
һ£۵׺Цҽͬôಡദ֪᲻£⼸Ǿ͸ǰһֿɡ
Ҿû壬۾£Ҳ
Ĭһ˲أ
һ£ҲͬಡӴˡ
ˣǴȤһҿûôΰͬԼΪ룬㻹һ˯ɡ
ǺðɣЩϢЩΡ
ǳӦһԺӺ۵׵ЦŵһԺſվãƫԺȥˡ
һ磬˵ԮͬǮ»ϵ£ͬ˵ģǽصĳűϢ
ҹ䣬صĳſڱϢĶ˸ɲκһԳǵС·رأôһССسǣ׳ݳһµ
ϳ¥ž¥ԶĴʣ˭׼Ƿسǵģ
Ͽͣأδسǰܵţ쳤̫ҽڽسߣʱɹʱӽس߸
ֱЦˣŵǴ֪ûнķӣȥҲû壬ԾͶ˽صһв˳ٽжд̣ʷҲ˵д
ϾȷʵԼ׽㣬Լ̫ҽԺǰֱûз
ǾλųˣһҳƵķӡЦһһ˦ӱת뿪ˣһ߳¥ߣһԸ̫ҽԼнڵĴ򣬲߲ҲҪҵķӣڴҶһϵƣߣ군
ǣǰæӦһüӦúܿͻ֪ϢǺã
ֻҪ˼ȥֹ֣ˣ͸ˣûô๦ǡ
ǰ򴽣̾
Ȼ˵ϢһеĸоԼƫһЩģ㿪ʼ·йѹ뻧ֻšȲõֽͷÿ϶ǽľ
һչûĵټһǣҵһ㡣
ҹˣͬһסʱͻȻһȣüͷһ첽߹һսǣű˾ŵĽ
ȼϵʱѾˣֻһɱĸŸƲЩ죬üú˳ɩ
һ̧ͷǼǾţŹͷ£һڳԵİɣҼҪˣ¡
˵ŻͯĴӽ̽ͷЩûгԵģС˲٣ڿȾߡ
ɨһͯٿɩʱ΢䣺ǰʵȥݾסӱֱӰڸˡ
֪ˣȥס¸һ·
Щ㴫Ⱦۣ˭ǻ·ĻЩ޹Ⱦİգ˭ܸǻ·
ɩſڵʹޣѾݳɸɲļѪ鴤¾ûˡ
һôǰûˣ֪ͯʲôǿ־塣
ĬƬ̣ջǴǻȥˡ
ȸɡ
ӦһӽСˡСӻʲôֻǿףǵıӰ۵һ˿⣺ǵĵһȾߣɩҲǴչãΪһֱûеò
СĻʢûȾϣڣ˵˴ȾĴ곤ߣԽСĺԽеòģ㵽һҲвټµӤûò
ˡֹһ䡣
۵׵ĺ࣬ջҪҪЩЪϢɡ
ţҲϢ˵ĲɵĻƫԺˣԺӺͣ½Ųϸ˼Եĵط
ܾŪ׺ͯٵòԭ򣬱֪ߵķӣԼҪ뵽ĸоֻܸһ㣬һζ벻ס
շתһҹ۵׵ĺˣɫҲ԰ס˱ˮȣȵһʱͻȻǺžҵĿò׻ǿӷ¡
űڱУһ˿Ѫ
ĬƬ̣µĳȥˡһţ
£ܴȾˡ
һ£ʶһ䣺ΪûȾ
һ䣬ͻȻéٿǰһֱû׵£Ҳһˡ
㡭⼸һֱں֦ˮɣ仰üҪǻĳ


 106 

һ, ˲˼˵
⼸ƫԺʱһֱܴһ£Ϊ˽, С, Լıò, ȴȾˣȴûʲô, Խ˵˼Խ, ɩ, ﶼȾ˲, ȴúõģΪʲôܲӵӱЩ׳껹ʵ
гӤȾ߼, Ҳ̫һصϰ֦߱ˮԡĻ
̵ͷûˡ
£²˳, 辡ȥѰ̫ҽһ򶨵ϣҲһ˿ô򶨵
ҲһԺȥ
սؽͷȻһƬ, ȴȻ, Ѿˡ
˵˿, ̫ҽǾ۵һ, ѽշֵ˶˵˳ü̫ҽҲȾ˲, ѾϢʱ򣬶ǿһ, ûȱϯ˵
Ҳһ׼õ֦˹̫ҽоЩȷȷʵһҩģֻƽնȺԤ纮ЧɣƤӵҩԳȱûҩ
̫ҽ˼ǲãü
̫ҽ̾һҲûбķˣ˵ҲеȻӤȾз֦ϰߣһϵģҽ˵
Ⱦ䷽ӣһҩá
ףȥ
ǡ
̫ҽ̿ʼ֧󣬿һģѾ˲صĵزֵܰԽԽ٣ֻЩػֻЩ̫ҽʹˣԵġ
żҪȥæʱס£ȥ
˵գ㽫ʮ̫ҽ׼Աüţֻ֦к̫ҽַĲҩһ֮żˮ
ҩ˽һʱֳɼʮݵİ˹ȥ֢״ص̫ҽҲÿ˷һ룬֮㾲š
ѾᵽɤۣһҲ˵ֻǽ̫ҽǵķӦ֪˶ãһȾ̫ҽͻȻ鴤أžͿʼ
̫ҽæΧûŪѣǱߵ̫ҽ˳˲ˣȾ֮˺ҩ֮ͻȻ鴤ˣ
һ˲ֻоһ
¡οס֡
Ҷˣ߰ɡ˵գûٹһʧǵ뿪ˡ
ͷȻһƬңÿ˶ڴȴƺãһιűһڳʳߣʬ·м䣬ɫݣ֪ǲģǻġ
ںȥķʱ
ȷʵȥУֻſվƬ̺󣬻Ҫת뿪ֻû߼Զűˣδ֮ſڣ¡
ͣһ˲ͷЩӻ𣿡
֮ݣͬͷÿһİһֻȴֱͦģãǲãȻȥѰˡ
ûȾɣʡ
֮ĬƬ̣ЩȻһֱûţɳȴ֪ģŵ²һǵİ뿪ȻҲ˵뿪
ԣ֪Լ͵͵ͳǵĴ㣬ɵÿЦһ֪ˣȥɣϸӡ
ǡ
е¹ϣƽĻͷƬ̺סߡߵ࣬λˣ
ţˣĿͻѹػһΣԭΪ˷ҳǰнذյʹࡣ
û˵ǰߣ߻סҪֿʱͻȻڣǡ
ţ̧ͷ
ĿػһΪ˷ʹ࣬Ϊǲź
΢
ܺ͵³Ϊ򸾣ҾⱲӶֵˡ𴽽ǡ
Цһֱ뵽ʲôǷˣתƫԺ
һʼʱ䶼ƺоԼʲôûѾϡ
ų̫֪ûִֵıҪɥʱ̫ҽҴҵĳ˽һŹĿڣ£֦ˣհЩȾ֮ˣһЩ´·ˣ֢֮ﶼܿˡ
㶰ΣȻӦģ
ǧȷ
ǻʲôϽټȫǰգ¸ǣԼЩ֦ˮȣҩһ˵һߣ̫ҽæϡ
һȻңȴǰ˲ͬÿ˶ϣֻҩãԶȼ˵
Ȼҩȴǲôˡ
̫ҽǲɵ÷һԼ£֦ԤΪãҽѾ֮ˣ͵ҩģЩҩ²̫ˡ
ȥǮ£ѾзˣܲŪЩҩü˵
䣬һյײײ˹ͨһˣ²ˣղǿͻƳܳȥĽɱˡ
ʲôһվ̳ų¥ȥˡ
ܵطʱŴѾۼգĽԴֻҪҳţֱùɱ
վסŭһ
ƴۣһ㶣ֺܿҪ壬ļʱһյļԾſڣһּľǰͷմ˻
վڳſһ򵱹أܴȥæվ԰ŭʲô
£ǵѰһ·ȥս£ϲǣǾȥѾ˶Ⱦˣܾܲİգ
ɫࣺ֣Ҳ޶СʲôҪȾ
Ҳһ޶С˶죬˵ˣֻҲûΪԼƽˡ
һԼߵķѾҵˡ
ͬʱһ㶡
ոǱߵĲˣܲסҩģ˵Ĳ֢˲٣ʱձضȬǲţԹȥ
һ˹ɡзʲôãѾûгԵˣκҲ·һ
зӵģβǻȥţǶŵ
ĸʱҲŵǣǰӦģһˣ˵һӦ
ĬúһתȥˣԽԽİո뿪ſںܿյǵϵѪʬ壬ʲôûһ
һĳţĬƬ̺ȥͷĽ̾йǮ¿˭֮æͣ£ſˡ
Ǯͳ졣
ʹãǮæǰȴΪ˼ʲôûǰв۱ְ١
Ǯͳ죬ߵҩѾѰҪ˼վܽ׵ֻǳҩʳãǮͳи㣬ذ֧ԮЩ
Ǯüͷ壺Ǳְε£ֻǱְҲΪְȻǽͳ죬ɻҪְǰ֧ԮĸͳĻְҲ
̧ͷԶεĸͳ죬ĬƬ̺ȥȰȰ
Ǯ³Ĭһ˲ҧ˵ͷ˹ȥһһ˵ͳ첻ΪκãͿˣΪε˵һ˵κãΪƭǵʳѣհ췴һ£ְӸϣ˵ΣҲ֪ϣɻϾ
ӣ϶Ȼð췴ΪͶ·ŵҵһ¡Ǯü
ͳƽĿѵ𣿡
㣡Ǯһŭҧסˣͷ޹գֺαظϾɱ
ְҲֻΪ˸տǶѣͳ쵭ѹֻҪְǰ֧ԮԭͳˣȻʼǷǲˡ
ⱨӦġǮĿһۣŤͷ
֪ûɣ˫ֲɵýȭ֪ʱͻȻһСܵǮǰ˵һǮһĻ䵽УͻȻתˡ
ǮСĻüǻʲôǹȥ
ʲô£ͳʡ
ǮɨһۣƦƦûʲôǳµļˣҴǽǶѡ
׼ͳ
ǮЦһֻ˵˲ó˵ͷ˲׼ͳ죬һҪģ»Ҫӵġ
Ǯ£ͳһŭ䣬ٽ˵ֻǵŵȴһ¡
ǮﴽΪԼС˵־һΣܽӴѹȥͳʱ㻹֪ͣ
һὫһж֪ϡͳĿһۣ뿪ˡ
ǮϵЦݽ˽̾ŤͷС·
ǣ
æ·ʱǮߵǰ£Ϊ˰㣬ְ϶Ҫˣһξ͵ǳƽպʲô仯ˡְֻܹ¹졣
лǮͳ죬·ڳĽ֪ʲô
Ŷ¸ϵ˴ˣְ·
Ǯ»䣬ͷ㳯ˣͬһķƿϲĻ֣££
Ŀ֮Цһ
ذգоˡ


 107 

£, ˹
Цõַסððʧʧģʲôӡ
£Щӻ𣿷ƽԲ˯, Ҫ, ˵ŻǵĽһ, ĿϣǴ˶, ôʵ
Ű, ҲǺõġ
ͷûû, ҲǺõġ
ǵԱȥ, ҽ˽Уȷһ֡
ƿүɻãûȾɣ
һش
æ, ʣ㻺֮Ҳû£Ƕͦá
ǾͺǾͺãҶþСƳһ
´ŵǰʳ, ŷƵһȥˣô뵽Ҫݵģ
ǰüĲƼ, Ҫµæ, ȥ·Զص̶Ӷˣһʳҩ, һ, Ҳܳʮ, ۾, ö𣿡
ʱԴڶԶزﱼͣȻǺȴȻɹ˲٣ٺд˵ģˡ
Цش𣺡ܶԣذѾûгԹˣǾǵ
ģƾȡ
˵ͷġ
ƸˣҪȥǵææס˼ȫȾûǲҪͬǽӴ
ôණǲæҪᵽʲôʱȥü
ЦЦ޷ǡ
˵䣬˹£·±ˣǲŷ뿪ģҪΰǣ
˼Ƭ̣ЩǴúȥк֮ϣǱûȾ֮ˣʱס
£Ҫ㡣æ

áЩԸǸˡ
ϰٳʳҩģаСղŽлɻ˶ۼݣʼ֧ҩٰҲڼа֦ˮһʱضһҩζ
Ķˣʣֻܾ̫ҽǣһڿݵżϣػصҩƤԽԽأҲ͸һУſЩ˯š
£ȥϢɡʱſڻ˯ǰ
ëһ̧ͷ
ţȥ˯ɣס֣ｻҡ
ӦһסȥˣıӰԽԽԶͻȻһ㷳ơЩһֱǣʳԽԽ٣࣬Ȼ˾Ҫúòˡ
֪ʲôֱӻƫͷ˯һֱӰ˯ҹԺҪʱоߺվ˸ˡ
һðͷȻ۾ߵĺӰЩг
ңҡæڡ
㶣һգҹĲ˯ʲô
һ֮󣬼ûסѰˣ˵˾ʹ˱¶ڹսݵգ۵ۣҲãóġ
û£򴽣һȥɡ
Ҹͬסߡ
˶٣Уߣֻһ˯
ĬãŻڣǲʲôң
ָ΢ɫȴƽʲôģ
Ҳ֪ܾòʲô£ĿĿ½ӿвʣ
һֻ̫ۣһ˯ѣ㲻Ҫ롣ش
ȥ֣ͻȻ˻ȥ
ʱˣȥɡ
ĬãΪųң
˵ûʲôϽϨˣҪ˯ˡ˵ñӽԼһཻӡ
Աòת뿪֮󣬼ƿĶŴᣣһһҹ
Ȼǰҩβһ죬ҩİգΪ̫ܲסҩҩûñȥˣʣµĶ˺תô˶ֺת˵֦ȷʵãǽԶǰжˡ
̫ҽֽҩĽһ£ҩеĶԣʹøӦʳҩĶ㣬ߵҩҲԽԽƣһгźõķߣȴʼձһңܾüŻٳʲô۶ӡ
Ԥպ棬øɲס˳ŴŻʱаնˡ嵽¥ϣǰں˼󣬶ǵļ϶˱ͽĲһЩȼسУϰľĽĽһƬ𺣡
ס֣˭ǵĵҪأŭʡ
ǰͳ쵭ĿصµĻǰЩӽرͼƳšգְ֮ɱ񣬳߲Ҳһͬ
ŭ˭˵ģѾ˷ӣ֢ҲȬҪ˶֢Ҳκãٶ԰ն֣
ô˶ûзӿҽƫƫʱˣ¾ñְţͳʡ
һͬ˵ͨǮ¹
Ǹ£ǮͳӲʣҵչˡͳ쵭
ѹͣ㾹Ǯ¡
ְһнӻϵͳĮ
ָסģ֪нķӣȻҪǡ
ϧûзӡͳֱֱĿ
ǽʱͻȻоһ𶯣Ťͷ¥ݿڣֻն˳¥һ˲߽ʱʶһ
·ûоų⣬ֻԳ¥µĽ۾ЩѾκõİգ·˵ҩںŪ㣬ȷ¡
ͳƽĿЩˣƬ̺󻺻ڣүıԣ֪Щ֢֮ǰŪ
ôβɱ˽ذնʲôô𣿣յʡ
ͳһûкôְҲֻ¡
Ҫۣͬʱסѹġ
ü
ǽرû˵򣬼ģҲֻպ޹ְˣǾǮ£鵭ĮʱΪƽϢŭɱǮ£ͳλñˡ
ɫࣺǾô
ǲܣ΢䣬ȻѾߵķӣҲٵǻ꼰ݳˡ
һ̧ͷ
һ۱ת뿪ˣʱ䣬ֻϵþˣͳЩͷͷ»ʡɣˡ
ţ̴Ϊ˲ӣҪɱȾգпԭ⽼سڻδȾˣƾʲôǵ
ڽôã˭֪ǲѾȾ˲ֻǻδϽɴɱһǧܷŹһͳ˵̧֣Ľ̵ȼ˼ͷʱ׼Żǡ
ע⵽Ѿ׼ʣɴɱһǧɷŹһͳ˻棿
ǵ档ͳ찺°ͣ˵ʲôһ֧ӳ¥ʱѾˣֱӳŶ
Ȼеʹûг֣ǱʲôճĶͳָһϵѪʱɫһ䡣
ȾߵѪΪȷͳȾ˼˵Ѫ𴽽ǣȻͳ켴ȾҲü֣֮ɴɱһǧͳ˽ᣬĪ۽
㣡
˻ҪּɣĿ
ͳŭ۾ˣȴʮִݣ˵ˣسѾƵķӣֻҪͳ³ɼƣܱס
´˻棿ͳһһʡ
Įش𣺡Ȼ档
ģְȽˣȥѰҩҲֱܷƵҩɣͳʡ
ɫֱӳҲ˵㼴ųоҩҲϷŹذˣ
ͳ춨ĿƬ̣ͻȻһ̧֣Ľ̳ųȼ˻˼
󾪣δڱ㱻˳¥䣬ҲʧĴӳ¥ӣ˶ˡ
˻ʸڷɣ֮󣬱ȼһݣܿƽĽһαҡ
úۿɱɱ
ٺãԥ𹭼׼ͳһ˹ȥͳоĿһʹʱͷֱȻԼ
ϵʱǺͷͻȻһΪû˸ͳ죬Ƕʱһʱ䲻֪òü
Ҳ˶ֱԼˣ̳ǽͷȻԶԶ㿴˹Գ¥µĽŭ𣺡ס֣ǴͳǰлҪ˵
Ļһ䣬Ǳ㱻ʾΧˣһСνæȥǮ¡Ǯ󿴵ͳʬףʱʲôˡ
Ǯ£ߵķѾɲǣҪսԿס
Ǯ¿һԼĴٿɫ֮ʾԼ˻رӪ
һֱŵ£ǰһڣ֮ʲô֪ˡ

ƺ˭ڽԼҪˣҪѾ꣬ġ


 108 

Ժʱ, Լоƺߣ۾˭ȴôҲ, ֻܲĵٴ˯ȥ
˯ûһ, ϴһ۾û˯, üΣҹʱ۾, һ, ֻʣˡ
ֻ֧, һƬ, ˰Σɻһ䣺۾ôˣ
ֻۿһƬ, ȻǱһȭ
Ŀβſڣûչ˺㣬ȾԱˡ
ʧЦҲǵ, Ⱦôֵ㡣
£֮ʣʲôʱ£
Ĭһ˲ǴαѪ֮󡣡
Ϊһʼ˵ʡ
Ҷ̫æ˰ôµ, ôҲһ, Ҳûа취ˣÿһ˼, ɶ֤յˣֲ, 뷨ðԾæ, Ϳԡ
ܴ˺ҩѾûʲô, ĻĿĿƺˣҲٻš
ʱ˵ˣ֮һ䣺֪𣿡
ض֪ˣش˵껹һ䣬޵ú
ΣҲСˣôСľ
Ҫչ㣬ҲҪ޵ġ˵
һ£ʲôһ㣺˵ʲôҲޣ
ǰ޹ܶΣֻûῴ뿴𣿡ʡ
æܾǲҪˣҾһʡ
ĬƬ̣ˣʶ㣬ʱ֦ˮ
һ£ûм㣬ˡ۾һ䣺ҲŻ˰ɣ
𣬼֪ﲻζûٿ˵ˡѾ˯ãΪԼ˯ţû뵽һ˯ˡ
ΪᵽǰһֵΣѾɱ˼ţŻصĹǰ
һֱΪĸȴĳҲˣ֪ᱻ۸Ҿ͸ֱὣɱۿ죬ΣҲñˡ
һ־ʱļ֪ΣԱҲƴע⣬Աı⡣
Ȼûзʱ𴽽ǣŵϵζˣ߶𣿡
æ˵ͷ˼ôעʱ˵һ䣺ҵİɡ
Ȼǣŭ
ԼܴȴʲôûֻϥĹ£֮ӻͳһСƿҩһ
Ƿģһһʹǡ˵һ룬üͷȻŴһ˿Ѫƺܾ޴ʹ࣬˵üѣܲǰӣϲһΡ
ˢһ˳֪һжΣǿƲסʹ
жá
ҵĴţķ˿ȴı۾ǳ˯һ㡣ĵһʯͷҪ͸оԼһΣ

ȻѣԼʱöûӦ
ˣס֡
ĿƬ֮ͻȻô˵૵μǰҵĹǰ
һ
ʵǰεܶΣÿε¶ܸ֮ǰϣھЩ߶߶˵ŻȻ֪Σɻܾʵ֪Ϊ˸ұ𣬻ɱ˻ϣԼҲǡ
Ҿ֪㵱ʱڵġ
һ£ʲô
һûеζ㿿ʱȻܿ㣬ȴŵϵζѾ㶵ļ۽΢΢죬Ҿ֪㵱ʱڵġ
Ŀ֮ѵʣò˵һжġ
ҽʬ͵͵ةฮʱǲŵˣʡ
ʱ𾪵۾εһ䣺Ȼġ
Ȼģ𴽽ǣǲ֤ǰ˵йǰĻʵˣ
ұûٻġ˿ʮָӣôҲû뵽ǰԨԴ
㲡ˣǱúùӡ
ĿͻȻʵӶֻһˡ
һͣƽĿ
¿ˮͻȻһɬ͡¥Ǵ֮Ҵ£˵ţʵǵġ
ԽԽСһ˫۾ǲҿһ㣬סط
ĿãŻжˣ˵ûôҪֻҪһС
ģü
Уһʲôᣬֻƾһܿˡ
Ҳûжܿ࣬ȥˣǱ˵˰ɡڨڨ
𴽽ǣĺ󱳣ͻȻȻº֮׵ģϵΣ
ɣƽ⣬ȫݲ·㣬׽бһۣ㲻˵ֻҪһͳôôַˣ
ûзڣֻǲεµƷһͻȻȤˣ̷ݣˮɣ֪֮׵ģ̲סС֮ġ
ЦˣδҲ̫ҡ
˭õ¹ɫ㣬óһЩһûôˡס
𴽽ǣԽԽ˵ˡ
ǵ½̵ĺáֻһ䡣
֪˶ãͻȻڣ£Ҳ
֪۾Ҳʱ㣬ֻһ˵¡
òһһšס֡
ĬƬ̣ţ֪ˡ
ʲô
һŬȥġ̾һ
ϣ˵
񣬺ܿг˯ȥ
һ磬Ʊҩˣۿͨ죺¿ЩҩãǸϽؾ
ţǰɣȳԵ㶫Ц
üǳȺȰɡ
ոҩӲã뺦Ұһۡ
ֻȥˣ˹ĳ극ҩʱƣ۽𣿡
еģȥáæӦһתˡ
һ뿪㽫ҩԱߵĻƿһ̧ͷ۾һ£ĳգһ۾
ޱĿվûֹ
һ֦ˮعˣôܺȼ˴֦ҩһǰ뵽ˡ


 109 

Ѿ˵, ߵ£Ⱦ£Ǻ̫ҽǰͨˣ
ţֲԵʱȥѯʹ, ʮƽ, ҹ̫أ֦, ²κñŲסˣǲҩ, ܶһʱ, ˵˱ҩҽΡ
Ĭãûбİ취ˣ
һһ, ҲʲôҩûþȬİ, ˵Ҳԣ, ˶ʲô
ЦЦĿ
ΣȻôǿȬյĿޡ
ҩɣס, ò֦ҩ뷨ӡ
ãﴽǵ˵ͷš
˾þö, ֮˵룺ȥ̫ҽ
áЦ뿪, ıӰʧ̲ס, Ϊȵ̫, һʱûͳ, ֻ졣
˺һƽſѪʪ, ʧƬ̺һֻɾִӻͳϸŪġ
ɾҪʱƺһͬˣæؽµʣôˣ
Ѫζ߽֮ü
ɫ䣺ôᣬŴ˰ɡ
ְһֱѪ򽻵Բϴ絣ǵĿȾ֮˶пѪ֢֮¿ˣ
ôᣬ¸պȹҩǰѾˣȻҩôãҩ֮ٳֿѪ֢֮˵ſӣɵһҵأ
ȥ̫ҽˡæתƻ⡣
ֻ绹ڲģûпѪǾˣȻΪѪ
ͷֻۣܱ֮ѻŸָԲѪζġ
𰸺üͷʱˣ±á
ЦõĿһۣ˼ǣ¾У
үӿСҲʲôһ
ƸϽͣûûֻҪû¾С
㲻ĲζĿ֮󣬲Ż˵պҪһ֪𣿽»ö
еڣΪҪЦ²ǵıֻҪһֱƽƽģƾһֱȥ
㻹֪ԼŰԺ֮ǰȶ˼֣׼ٴҲҪܱƭֻС£ҲϣٿڶΡ߶߶Ķ
ƶʱ£ҲϲǷô˵С
ҾϲǣҲֻСһ
¡
סһۣ㷽һˣҪʲô
Ʊһѣ£ģⲻѾˣҾûʲôˡ
Ȼûʲôˣ͹ȥðæ˵껹ѣǵÿն֦ˮȾϲҾҪÿ
֪ƺٺһЦž뿪ˡ
һߣʱ࣬磺ʲôҪ˵
յͻȻ赹¶ûüţְֻˣĿְЩȦǵӪصУŵĻᣬʣµһоͿΰˡ
Ȧɣ߿סˣǻؾʱ뿪˵˼һ˲̷ˣɣ˽ԵǴǻ˸ô죿ʱֹ㣬佫ҲۣܵοǻɱĴ֮㹻˶ʮˡ
еڣŻϲκαְƶ
򴽣һʱ䲻֪ν仰
˵۵һ˿ɻ󣬵ҲûֻǾĵ취˼ãŵ˵һ䣺ֻҪĴûʸκˡ
ְµ˼ʵ
ߵķӷѾˣȴִǣ֪ǽذհۣΪɱңŲϧᡣ
ĬƬ̣ˡǽ¶ƵϣǸô죿
ô׶µּô֤ĹʧҪƵ˭ϣҲ˻šĿ
綮ˣְͽǵϢȥûӦ֮ǰ˶֪¡
ȥɣƣĴҵ˯һ
·ҩΪξ񻹲ã絣ǵʡ
˸ǷܵòС
ǵϢɣ翴ݵģɵһңҿߵķѾ²Σա
һ£ǳǳЦһ
ȥϢˣ߳ԺӾ֮
ôˣ֮ͣʡ
ش𣺡ϸҩѾˣֻǾãʱնȬġ
Ǿͺãȥ֮˵žҪȥ
Ѿ˯ˡ
ô˯ˣ֮üˣҵʱɡ
˵գһ뿪ˡ
һ߷ȥ˸ðæ֮ҪǶõĻǰȥֺЩ𣿡
ʲôü
ƼûĵĽһ䣺Һһͬ£ᵽѪ˵ˣһ䣬Щ𣿡
ѹ΢Ƭ֮󵭵öˡ
պôˣһʲô˵չ˵ô졣ڹһ̲֮סʼԹ
һ̧ۣűߣæȥģ
¡䵭
Ȼ֮Ĺϵô磬ѾûôĮȻ˵ˣһºվĿ뿪ˡ
ֱӻƫԺһ޷㿴ڴϵļĽŲȻͣ£̧֮ǰȥڳһֱ
࣬ҲǰĺȻʱˣɵ۾˯󣬱͸һִУ·һֻߵľʱˤΣա
Ȼƣȴ˯ò֮Ҫõ۾Ȼ⧲ĵ׵
һ˲ôͻȻˣ
㷽ŶԷˣʡ
ڨڨһЦţˡ
Ѫˡһǳ
ĬƬ̣ԣʼѪˡ
ʲôʱʼģ׷ʡ
̫˵Ŀ⣬ȴֲò̹ϣüǰˣʱһֱæûи㡣
˵ˣ֮󵽴£ס֣һûµġһǰƽ
ڽشãߵĴС֢״ֲӼ죬Ѫȫ汬ı־һʼˣܿ˶¶
ǰձ㿪ʼѪʱҲǲˡ
¸ô죿ͻȻʡ
ͻȻ߬üۡĬòһǰһȥ˵촹һ顣
һ£һξͲˣ㻹ָеڶΣЦˣǲܣǰˣ
ܾ⡣
ȴǼҲ
ü
ˣҲ׼ʲôֻᴳЩ˲ˣûһţȻ۸ûڲ׷ԺҲ׷ЩΪΣ֮û˭ϧƥﻳ̫󣬳˻ϻǣȨҲǵǵģˣû˳»ᱻ˺Ƭ
Һθɣá
ĵĿҵļˣҲļˣҪһǣ㸸ĸⱲ㸸ĸǰ׷ͺڷˣ
ĸ˵ˡ
̾һⱲԸƽϣҶЩʵҲνˡ͵Ϊңúûչǣ𣿡
ԸӣĵţֿʼоˣƤܿƵ׹
˯ʱͻȻڣһὫ˶׵Ȼȥ

²ᣬվˣҾ
˵գͷҲص뿪ˣıӰε̾
ĲԼٶȶˣһﻹѴգҲѲˣı˯ۿɼٶȥ
֮ǵһֲԵģ˵֦޷ҩͬһܣûл֣Լȭߡ
ʱ㿴һˣʱ˵ۣ˭ģ
֮ǰס
գô㲻֪أҽн㱨𡣡
´ұ𣿡ʡ
룺һΣ
ֻǴһٵĻԼҲˣȻʽ⣬Լһʽôû˵ɽôš
Цһɫһ俪ʼҵĿֱ͹ȴ쳣侲ֻİź󱳣һѪڱϺҲֻƽĽϣȻΪһµġ
ĿΪԼ̴ıӰͻȻԭȾúͬһ˹һӣһѵ£һҲǺ
ס
ֻҪù磬һӼֱ𴽽ǡ
Ĭã£ЦЦ
Ǹ˳ĵǸ
̺ãתʱ۽ƺЩ졣ãһ㳯֣
΢Ƭ̺صϡ
˯۾
Ǻñӣŵ¡
֪ôˣͻȻǳӣ𴽽ǣϧӦûġ
Ҳеģ°˯ȥң˵˾ܳԵ
Ӧһ۾˯ȥãһ²뿪
֮󣬼۾۵ûа˯⡣ǿߵ⣬ķһ̫ҽйɣҲܲܿһֹʹҩ
¿ӲʣƲһվۿͨĿ
ΪΣûУֻʰ
ʲôʱˣܱܲıˣʡ
ûʲôֻǵ͵͵˵һ䣺𣿡
۵׺ĿһۣջĻȥ̫ҽˣ̾һ̵Ļشţû̫ҽʹҴҸˡ
ƣȥͷš
Ӧһɵ뿪ˡ
֮󣬼ſ̫ҽǲҩжÿɻ
صµĻõĻ࣬õĻõĻҲˡ̫ҽ˵æ£΢ܣˡ
Σ˵
̫ҽüͷŵǰ˵ҩ֮ҲһĶ𣿡
ǣܰһҩ֮㲻ˡɼܰһΣðգţѰΪβ̫ҽȰ˵
΢΢ҡͷˣáǵȲˣڿݵţҪһѡ
¡̫ҽǵĿ
𴽽ǣ۵Ǽᶨˣҹ֮ȥѰ㣬㲻ý¸κˣһױţǱ£Ҳ㡣
̫ҽѾֻ̾ϢŴӦ
ѵûȫױֽة˵Ѿ߸Լ˸٣ࡣ׼һӲˣմͷͱȥ˷֮Ҳڷˡ
ϣЦӣЩӴҶˣҾλһ
æȰȡû˵꣬Ѿƺȹ⣬ֻε̾
ţǰ͵͵ȹƣûµġ
ƵҲ֪˵ʲôڣҾ¡˵꣬㽫оƺȹˡ
֮֮ҲƺˣͷŶƱһЦеĿǣǺŵƢǷ룬ѵλԸңپһ
¡Ƶۿֺˣŵ˵ˣ㡢ǲʲôǰֱ˵ɡ
Ϲ˵ʲôֻûȾˣʵڲûŶѡһۡ
ƽĵ˾ƣٱҲ£ϣΣƽȥ
֮֮ƽվԸ½޲֣ƽ˳졣
¡
ĨһᣬžƱҲ¡
ЦЦǽһɫ԰׵ȥƣͬ˵ԽԽڳŲסϣ۵׵һЦҲɢˡ
ΪǣҲƽ˳죬˴ܲңҲһ
˵꣬ǿȥ
ؾߵشȻɻǵű˺ͼȡ·ϣ·Ե˼ҼǰŰᦣֲζ
ȴͦãֻǰȫʱŻ˵ȥˣ˵һ¡
ֻôΪǸ
ð뷨󣬼¶ĵЦݣſʼһ˶ûУȵ˺ѷΣ˫һҪڵϣʱһ˫ִӱסֱӽ
ŶԷѿ˰ΣǿΪΣôûԣ
ΪûȾơĿĿ
Ƭ̣ȻԣǺȾˣͱһˡ㲻øģҲ
ұǴˡ
üʲô
ĬãӻͳһССֽأʮҹϹֻô࣬ԼģҲ֪ζΣ»᲻ϲ
Ŀֽ򿪣¶泴÷ڵӡ


 110 

ŷڵӿ, ͻȻֿʼæסԭӻ˼š
ôҵģǰȱǶʱ, һͲƤ, ЩȻҲǳԵһɶôҵЩģ, һ߿һߺЦʡ
ֱϲĶȴģϸ, ܻб©, ¶˵ѡ
а, ӳԵķ, α׼ˡü
ǿֱӽᱧ, ſݴ󲽶ȥ
ԴҩԺ󣬿ݾͳʵĿݣ̫ҽǻסѾûаˡϵʱ, ̫ҽڣȫǵĴҲȻڵ
ôộЦõʡ
һȺ֮, һλߵҲΪ¾һౡ֮, ˣˡ
Ǻ, ʲôˡ, ɫɵĵǰ, ʼɡ
ݣػһվ, ̫ҽҩʱֲԾճȭͷ
£ȺֹҩȻ󳼵ΪʩסѨλٷβҩ̫ҽΪףյҩֻ֦ҩЧã²Ҫļ
ܻͺܸмˣλļ˵꣬ϵҩһƽô¿ˣ˿ȴüͷûһ¡
ҩ̫ҽ㿪ʼΪʩˣһۻԱ߽վŵԱߵӣǻһЪŰɡ
˳ߣס֣еİĸоһȺѨλ룬ı۾˵ûС
Ҫ˯
۾Щˡ
֪ǲҪ˯ս֣ٽ˯
ĿεЭˣ˯ˣǵûҡ
á
˵䣬̫ҽѾʩһֱԱߵȺҩͯڽҩѾҩãҩͯнӹʱȴԼѾֶ̧ˡ
ƽĽҩ˹ƽһһιιֿʼ΢΢Ϊǰ㵭
һҩ꣬ͷ̫ҽ£үĳȶѾˣʣµľͿ µ컯ˣλ໰Ҫ˵Ⱦȸˡ
˵ͷһӵֻܿʣˡ
ұȥЪŰɣЩֱѾʼˡ
𽥷죬ĬĽȥ˴ϣԼҲ¡볤һɣȴԼˣΪ˲ţֻܲɫ㲻
أʡ
ӻͳŵ
ʧЦôҰ
Ҿ͸
˵ʲôֻϧͻȻһһ㣬ʲ²谭ȹӣǺܸоͣÿһ缡ڷ졣
µģȻǳˣҲ֪ǰʱĴθ󡣷ʱԳ롣
ͻȻ˱仯֪ģ⿪˰Ӱȷ硣΢ЩѵĿǲǺܳ󡣡
ţܳôˣ±ӿҲô󣬡۽Ƿ죬˵ĻȴһҪס±̫󡣡
ǡİˣҲǰͷ𴽽ǡ
Ҳһ㻡ȣֻ۵ûʲôЦ⣺ϣ˵
ǿЦЦſʼѵĴڴĺ׵ôŬҲҪϢĸоܿ͵ӺˣֻһǱġŴŵµȴǲ֪ģ·ϰһ㣬ÿһζ͸űľ
ʶԽԽģһ˫ε֣ϵڰȥ׹׹ֻһԽѣѶʱͻȻһϤDD
£ס
˲ѹǰĺڰʧ¶ԭеģ˿ϵĺÿһ¶͸ִ֡
Ŀ֮ͻȻʣˣ
һ˲û˵Ȳ𰸣һ׹ڰ
һ˯˯ѣҹ˸գԺܸоҾưֽţĸоüҪ׷ˣܻԼķ˿ﲻֹһˣһʱŸͬˡ
ͻȻԼʱʼܵһֱܾӼֲסˡ
˵лĻȻ촽һͳʧȥʶ
ѵģԼҲǺֻ֪۾ʱ̫ѾȥˣӲӵůߵƲȾɻɫյĸо

ðͷƱ˹Ҵһ±ǣ۾㶣ŵǰһ֣£
۾ôôףʱֲɰԼ﷢һ˲ʶԼ
ˣͻȻĳȥˣ
ôһ𣬼ʱˣЦõһˣǰģæһӡ
̫ҽǶ뿪󣬼ſ򴲱ߵˣƣ֮硭
أɻʡ
֮ƽش𣺡赹ˡ
ʧЦŻˣ
ҲȾ֢֮ش
΢ôᡭ
Դ֪Ⱦ֮ûٷ֦ˮˣȾҲ⡣֮Ļ
ʧƬ̣ҩ𣿡
δѡ
򴽣һʱҲû˵ˣ֮ĬãҲֻ˵һ䣺պЩ
ĵ˵ͷ۵һ˿ƣ
̫ҽ˵°һҩ֦֮ķӦԽԽСܿͻȬˡ绺ڡ
ǿЦЦһ̧ͷ˵۾̫Ծһº̫ҽչţǶȥЪŰɣҲҪ˯
ǡ֮ӦһֱӴ뿪ˡ
е㾫񾢶ͻᷢǵԣ˿ȷʵ۵ûţһʱҲ벻ô࣬ߺ۾˯ˡ
һ˯ûôãһʱԺˣ۾ʱߡһ˲ʲôʱģ
˯źûáڴϣĿ
ס֣Ұˡ
ϲ¡˵ţһŰõӷŵġ
ЦŽһţÿࡣ
ôᣬЩӶǺõģÿġü
§ĲӣӶɸ˳֮εĿڣǺöˣЦ
֮˵ҲˡС
һ˲Ҷ֦صġ
Ҳûеģﴽֻ˵⼸ʲôҪˣһͬɡ
á


 111 

Դӵһ찾ȥ֮, ֮վ˳ˣ̫ҽǲ֦Ҳûһҩʱ
ΪӶٶ֦ų, ĲõòѰ˿, Ѿҩͬһͣҩ, ǱȬ
Դܲ˳˲鷳, Ϊæź֮ˡû, ԽԽú, ʶǸ, ĵСްƣҲ, ôϷ
ǵģôھҩΪ룬ǵˡһθƴʧܺ, ߺߵԹ
᲻صĿһۣЩø˵Ŷԣ˵ʲôְﲻ˵¡
㵱Ȼ, Ͻ, վһûȾƣǻΪǹһ, ڲŻô, ȥǽ, ʵһͬʵģû˭
, ˶赹ˣǻﻹƽЩȴҹǲҲӦõġ
ھָˡ
ĬƬ̧̣ͷڴһ֣صĻش𣺡Ҳ
Ϊʲô
豭һڣ˹ΪԴǲ֮ǰͻϲ߶ӡ
߶ݺݵвϻϽȥҽͣҶ㲻
´ζҲ
˵̷Żתһǵױסˣ˼һ˲ҾͰȥٲͬס
Ȼ仰κвãԳĬãӦĿһۣԾο϶ˡ
ʱٴξ۵ʮְƽΪķҲһԣֻǾĳԼķ
ֿǸһԷƵƣֱߵĽ˿ϹϸҼһ飬Щ
̹ɵĸһϹϣȻԼķûҪ˼ǳһ£ĿȻֻ򶨵ĳûп˵˼
ҧȻΪʲôûԽԽߵöˣԱߵޱĿ£Ҹʲô
ûаû˵Ϲ
Ĭһ˲׻ûٿ˵
ݺһۣſڣǸҲСߵġ
Ҿ˵ûжϽ
ԵĿһۣͷԷ
ɳĬĬĬϳˡһ˲Ҫ˵һ¡
֮ͣ¿ӿŻ³ҩգҲԾûкȵµľƣԲܼʱŵȥ˿ݣǵûҩ
ûûҵʱҩͬһˣǿǡæ
˵ڴĿ֮ĻӦҲ㿴ˣͷȻҲ˵ǺܺýģǰȰѸĳ˸ˡ
ĳˣŶ
ֻŶɰͰ͵Ц
̧֮ۿƽĿڵӣʲôʲôαҪͬЩūŽ͡

ĿεĺӣʾԼҲĪƵļţһʱҲ֪ôźˡ
һڳĬн̾ĻصסһƵڴϷҩüͷһ££ҩˡ
˵ˡ
ҩ˵ǰǲ㣬ֲҵĴʲô𣿡
浱Ҳ֪ҰʾôΣ㶼װ֪ҪߴˣǲǴһֱװԽԽ˳
΢ֻǾżʱҲʮȤ붺ˣĲġ
Ҷˣ㻹鶺ң˼Ŀ
Լʱͷ˵ὫԼ߳ȥƬ̺תעûΪһˮûжƽΣյʱûţ
ģɷֲ֪ˣô죿ȻתעյҲˣǸҲˣǾǶ䵭ģ治֪ôˡ
£ҩ͵ߣȰҩˣȥİ취ɡ
ҩˣɴҲҩˣżһ£˵ˡһƣ⡣
΢Уң
ϵЦһƬ̺ͷɥҸô죿װǷˣ˵Ըˡ
ȥȰȰǰɣ̾һǰȰҩˡٲæѾͷҪʲôԼ
ȷǻģ
Ļش𣺡Ӧû
ʾɣǰҲûиõİ취ˣֻע¹Թ԰ҩˣȻ޹Ŀ߳ȥ
ֱȥ֮֮ԺţһֱӵҪΪµ˵ͣ
ǡش
֮ˣҵƽˣԻͬͺáջĿ־뱯ʹЩʱ
ϧƽҪòҩķʽͺˡ
֮üͷֱ壺ô㲻¡
ҲмˣҲô룬֮Ͻͺã»ţΪ֮Ĺϵġֱ˵ȫȰ͵ӡ
֮ĮĿձҩˣûѵһ˵Ҳ侲𣿡
Ҳ᷸󡣡ֱӻش
֮ʱĬˡ
ʱջ˯߼·ǼѣȴִҪƣǴ©ȴȻмƣǵʧְʲôʸ£Ŀͬӡ
֮Ҵδ¡
֪ڹԼԲԵ£㲻ΪԼΣõ²»ţոϸպ󲻱ˡ
˵֮꣬ٿڵĻᣬֱתˣȥͷƽѵһֱͨ˵۽ǶˣŰԺߡ
ص޷󣬼æӭȥôǿԭ𣿡
ţվͻǸ
һ£ΪҪҵǸǸɣ
ﴽ˼ôգȻҪǸ
ܺͺþˣûҪǸġ˵ţɫ
Цܿ԰˯˰ɣ
š˵ͷ̲סɵһ
һֱҪͺõ£һ첻ˣһž˼ڴ̫̫ҽ˫һ̺
ɫˣҪգ֢᳹ʧ̫ҽЦ
ЦЦ̫ҽϸľΣܻ
΢δˣ£óΪ̫ҽʡ
һ£÷ƻûѣҲţɴʹӦˡ˶Ժеʯǰ£̫ҽ֡
̫ҽָϣƬ֮üͷ΢΢ԭҲû²ģһ鲻ԣ̸Žôˣʲôף
¡̫ҽĿµǿģֻǡ
ֻʲô˵޷ü
̫ҽ򴽣¹ش΢żʧҲǿܣ̫ҽҲһ˵վ༸̫ҽһһǰΪ
ͿǵıԽԽأʱִСĵĸоǶʣôˣ
ðʵһ䣬Щſɻ׼̫ҽʡ
һ£˽أһֱ׼ˣԭȾǼǸеģ֪ǺԭһֱڶûС
ò´˴νһбȱϣ֢ԪںᣬֻŲ׼ʵʵ˸ŮԵˡ̫ҽ̾Ϣ
ĬƬ̣ŮԵ˼ǣˣ
˵ԣҲ˶϶̫ҽ˵ţǰ£΢ܣˡ
ܣˡ
Żһ̫̫ҽǺһأʱһĻȻͣס˽Ų
ֻʮ򶨵ʣ˲к֮⣬ӿɻӰ죿
صµĻ΢Ϊ¿ҩ£˲಻ʲôˡ̫ҽش
ӦһҪ˵ɨԺſڵһºԹŵ̫ҽǵ֪ˣλ°ɡ
ǡ
̫ҽ뿪̧ͷҲˡ
΢ߵǰδڿο̾ϢһҲǲˣҪȻ˾Ҹɸ檣˵ʲôҲҪ󡣡
˵ֹŲն²˴ʲôοĻûˣֻޱв
ûסЦˣЦѣôô
ɨһۣס֣ұͲӣܻҶԱõˡ
۵׺ЦţҲáȻʺϽ̳ĹױûѰŮһҪӵ뷨һ¶Ϊ룬Ӧãպһ⣬ͻȻϲˣʱҲ١
ܻűѾܺˡ
кôģպÿзٺѺȵˡ
˵з֪𣿡ıһ¡
սѹʣ㲻𣿡
Ĭһ˲㲻Ҫȥ֮Ǻͽ⣿
ԣ¸ˡһžҪߡ
ֱӽڲˡ˵գޱĽ˱޷


 112 

, һĺ첲ϣõǺˣоȻ
֮ǰȣʪͷһ, Ŀ
üҩú, »ˣ˭Ը
Ȼϲ, Ϊλòң𴽽ǡ
һ£ǲΪϲô
õҪĴ, ȴ֪ΪЩ, ס, , ܽ˺ת
˵һ£֣ܿô㻹ˣ
Ϊܾ㽫ˡб
ĬƬ̣ǿ, ûлͨ⣬ֹҴס
պҪҺãܺҳԴסС˼Щ˼, Ѿֱ׳Ҫˡ
ЦõĴӦǣ֪ˡ
һֱĶӿʼ, ʱͻȻպҪ, һ
Ϊ, ƺ֮𣿡
, һ̫ɵ, һ̫һФ, ̫ͷˡһ
ʧЦ㵹óԶ˵һ룬۾˵ǴӦͬҺͺˣⲻһн٣бתǵע⣬ǲǾͻҩ¸ˣ
룿üͷ΢
ЦУˣȻҪõóһЩȥ˵Щ̫⣬ҽ̫ҽ͸¶ȥ
˵㼱ҴҵܳȥˣֻøϽϡ
ʱųԷͷһûͼ͹ϵλЩʳʣǷƣÿһۣȦͺһ֣Ҳ֪Щʲô
£ǴóԡۣŸ˿⡣
Цˣлơ
лԼ۵ֱ⣬ͨһǰˣ£պҲˣ
˵ҲŹ£ֻɫ˵
û뵽ǷӦæˣһˣżìҲģϽŰɡ
˵ŻĿ֮Ŀɨ˶һ£ɫĽǶλһٷĹ򣬳λ˸ҡ
ڽش˼գϵĲ֢ȫκʱصҲˣͷβٴλָ֡յûҪãȻ˼ſڶ˰ᦣǵȴٶȲ졣
ߵգаն·߻ͣһ·ϸֹϹĶ绹ΪΣգܵĶˣľЩˣȳ˳ʱʮ϶˶
óһƻҧһڣǰΪΪô£ǵһαм
ϲʡ
ЦЦĸϲζãҪõ͵ðܿѣҿɲϣ´Ρ
ǻʮ֮һҲǵ
ţϵЦ⵭Щ֮⣺ⱨӦġ
˵ھҪ¾յȥˣ΢ǰ㿴ҲʳѰɡ
صİղûˣֻʳѰһЦҪѣպٲ˵Ⱦ
Ȼ£Ȼܻܰһʱȴ޷ܻһ
ɵϣԼĴ£ôͳҰܻˣ˵ֻҪذջһգнǵ±˼һգʲôĴ£Զܵˡ
˵һ£ΪмʣҲⱲӿ¶첻ˡ
Թ޵¡õ
һǾԹްɣҵȻŻûͬάֱĺб£ǡ
񴺷⣬ǲֻǹ׶㰵ѷһζ㲻ɱ֮ѡ
üջؾǼ£ôܴң
ֻǵպ󣬡΢ҲҪǻʶС
ʲôãһһ
Ĭˣ֮ͻȻʣ¿Ǹλϸ
һ漴ӦǡҼ治ĳֻҲ˵óڡ
𣿡׷ʡ
ɨһۣȻǰӻѡһӵͷֻǺ룬˭Ǹλ϶һֻҪջƹ´κʵ۶Ϊжһ˸ĻģǱȼŻʰȥǾסǰľá
ĿƬ֮Ȳסô죿
Ǿֻɱˣ۾£ֻҪûߵһʱţʲôʱŹãʲôʱ㡣
ŹĺӣҲǻϵĺӣ¾Ͳгһձü
̾һ°ô죬ˡ˵գĴ˸Ƿ
ģû˵ˣֻǾĿ˯ա
һ·Ƶգǵ˾ԭΪƽʱһսžһ󻶺ֵ߻ӭİվȽصĶࡣ
Ŀࣺô£
˭ݣظմ״ʵ˲٣¾˽أ͵ھǵļˣȻҪмġ͡
һȺ£һΪڳ˵ʲôء
鲻𴽽ס֣Ƚ˶ˣ¾Ҫʥˡ
һ˲֪
˽ԵǴô죿ȻüŲҽﻹǵǣʵڲУ¾һ̣ȷСⲨȥպ˵
޹۾֪ˡ
磬ˣһ鷿Ϳ
޵Ļʽôͣ˽Եɱ޵ĸͳ죬޵Сˡ۵Ǻ࣬ǰһ㲣⼸൱˳ˡ
Ŀζһ񣺡μϡ
ɻϷŭߵǰָıʣһΣн޷
ϣб࣬ɷ˵ȳȥʡ
Ц㻹ʲô˵ģ
¹ؽߣˡõ֪Ŀ
źӰΣã޵Ҫ㻹ʲô˵ġȥ
ǡ
鷿˶ˣһ˻Ÿϸϣʣʲô£
Ƭ֮Բ˸첲һơ
ž
𣬼һ˲ű㱻һšΪӦʱֱˤ˵ϣһ㶵Ŀż
ӹԲбʣӽվȻʽѵЦһӿʼˡûʲôҲ书ôС۵ĵطȴ֪ġ
ŻعŭҪȴһȭ̫Ѩҵͷۻվֻŭˣˣްϳȥˣ
ޣƨޣһȭ߹£۵ʱˣаʵ۵ԾͲö޹֣㻹Գޣ
ˡķˡҪ
Цֱӽµˣ˳ͷϵҲεһѣһϡ
鷿кãͥ԰еѿƺˡ
һӺ󣬼鷿ȫķٺƺЩʱסˣǡ
ŶϷͷΣ¶˼ͷŪ϶ˡЦ
ȫ̾ˣϽȥЪŰɡ
ãŤͷԴݵȫˣ鲻ãбԸһƳһʱκ˶ýȥúúûһС
ǡȫæӦһ
ŸһԼ΢ҵͷҡҷ뿪ˣһ˹ŽԼҵߴٳ򣺡Ͻ߸Ͻߣ
ôôƶʱ
һĻش𣺡ˣżؼҳԷ
ŶǵÿЩõ¶šͬ
ʹű׵ıԼ˩ϣﻹһŲ۵׵ŭ𼸺ҪԼȼˡֻ˽̽Ѻöû


 113 

, ˶ˣʱƽʱһ뷹
½θãƿĵ, ôϼ, ʱĵԪӦþͲˡ
ãԶЩ, տ϶ͳԲôˡЦе
ɻ󣺡Ϊã
ؼҵĵһٷȻǺõ, ѵ鲻ãʡ
һ, ش˼Ƿͦ˵, ĵá
, ΪǷźõġתȦĺ庢ӡ
ƳĬһ˲ɵһȥæˣƺûüǡ
Ҫ˵, 㵭ڣꤻҪ۶ãٲϽţ˶Ҫˡ
Զԣ³øϽٳЩ˵ŻæЩˡ
ɨ⧲, һϽͷŤװһרĳԷģҲֻǵź, Ժߡ
, ԵĻͷ
ôˣʡ
һ±ӣҸ
ȻҪͬһȥϢĿ, ˳ʵ, ڹﵽ׷˺, õ¸˵öһ뷹
ҸΪؼңʹʲôϵ, 㲻Ҫ롣˵ĵô㡣
΢У
УҶ˵˰ɣ˵Ŀһۣһ䣬Ұѻϸˡ
һ£˵ʲô
ҰѻϸˣִЩñף˩ϣòס죬ȫӦѾˡ
ĬƬ̣ôĵӡ
ǻôˣѵøۣһ򲽽㣬ܵѵӦõģŲʡ
üǸô򣬿ûһ֮ǰ˽ͱȫˣ
ᣬѺգʱȥͷβл˵Ϊ²ģͼӴ˵ѺңΪҾ½ذջʱԣҲ÷ҡΪš
Цһԭ¶֮ǰѾ̺˺·ֻǲ֪½ʱôƲ߿ͬ˵
ϵЦһ
ܺãָж֮ȵ±ѺֱӰµ뷨¡
϶ģܲȥɴߺ㲻˵һͬôȻͬĵģȻ֪ξˡ
ͬһ䲻ȥˣֻܴҴܽһ䣺Ժ׼ٳ嶯¡
֪ˡЩɥĵͷǰĺ鲻ڡ
һۣ˾󵭵úܺá
ţãȻ̧ͷ
Ķ͸һ㵭ķۣúܺãôʱֲܴܶһҲǺõġ
ҲúãСһ˵ͱˡ
𴽽ǣţ²Ϊ
ΣĻҸҶ²Ϊˡ൱̹Ȼ
ǳһЦ֣ס֣һͬԺߡ
ԭǲֵѿģ֪һ㷢ƢǷʲôһ߶߶űԹҵʱһɻûסģֻʣҶôġ
ǽصӢۣݳӢۣ˭Ҹȥ͵ڸݳϰչȥͲúܣ仰ɹıޣӳ˲ŻὫ
ǲҶΣԺأüպµöСˡ
ЦˣģСĵġ
һյýʹˣҲû˵˼ȥֱôһڴЪ˰£˽Եɱ˸ͳ£Ų֮
ˣϵҲˣ㿪ʼԭ뽫һɶƵǮϣֱӽǮųնƽԹȫһ䣺ϣǮͳԻĹɱպ˭ܵ𱣻ϵأ
ȫĻ׼ȷĴмŵľ֮ʱȻǮ²˽٣ѳ֣佫ģõҲֻǮһˣնɱǮ£˿ˡ
ǲɱôѱ
ȫɫĳĬʱµЩΪյ࣬ūʵۣǲϹأǻҪūŵūҲҪΪϳ⡣
кΰ취üʡ
ȫСĵĿһֺۣܿͷȥūţܵиеǣɽ˭еƺ̫ʣɴࡢɴֱƸ˺ˣһʧСҲص˵ʲô
Ų˵ˡ
ȫͷðð룬˵ҩҽȾҪܣλ
ʣµ˵ˡ
ųĬãŲĿڣ˵
ūҲں˵ģˡȫæͷ
ɨһۣеôɡ
лϡȫæγȥʱĲһϵĺ
ϣǮ³ڳͨһ£ξȱְˮպ󵫷£ְԸ𣡡
ãȻĿƬ̺ɨԱߵһۣŲǮͳɣýʳ˽ذգл㻹
ְʱҲҪգ»ǱôºױְˡǮˡ
ЦԭǴ֮Ǿĳƽˣû뵽ֿʼǣˡ
ְҲû뵽ȻнաǮ¿ɬϵһҪɱΪ˳п϶пԭһʲôֻΪڹ
Ǵ£潫һƸ˶ҪǣⱲӶԻĹȴҪȫңζܽܡ
һݵģҲΪ˸ǷˣʱˣǮͳ컹Щȥɣ֪պ޴£Ҳͬ
ְסǮ飬ֱת뿪ˡ
бۿһ£
ûɱٳûµȥͳ죬ϸһȻȴûôǲõµˣԸɴ취סֱӽɵµˡ̹Ȼ
Ŀ
ˣôţһһɡ
סΪҿˡ
㻽ʲô΢
̧ųͥ԰ȥԽԽůˣҲ֪԰ûлɿ
׷˳ȥղŻʲô
ⲻ԰ߣֻס˵׼ߡ
㻹ͦᡣü
ץס֣ѵ÷СٻһΡ
ôԭֻǶ棬ô棬Щ˼ˡ
Ӧһ
򴽣Сһ䣬˵ʲôû塣
ССĻһ䣬žͿĶѸٷ죬ֱȾ˲
Ӧ󣬼̹ȻˣЦнУһƺô
һƺӣôڣй⡣
̧ͷĿҺЩٻ
Ҫôãʡ
룺԰ӣ·
Ĭһ˲εϥ£ĺ󱳣ıסĲӡ԰ߣūǺ󶼸Ͻÿ
ұָЦ㡣
һĽôЦ
ʧЦĽʲô
ȻĽһ÷ˡյߣѹ
ﴽǣ۹𻨸ȷʵеãԹ֮Ͷˡ
һֱ𡣡ü
һ£ģ
ȻҲ
һν£һԱߵļɽҪôˣͱϵ˼ɽ϶Уֱһ
ҳѹ˵ȥ
˳ı۾½ǳǣ¹ˮڶ˵ļͷȴȾһƬɫ
ƽȻѱȴߣܿ޵ҪʱͻȻоϱ˸µĶһ³ǣǿһۡ
¹£һ͸ӨӨĹ⣬ʾŲƵҡ
زپܾ˰ɣʡ
ЦܾˡȻŸģȻúúš


 114 

֪λ, ˵ܾĻʱ΢΢ЩգĿƵĿʲôʱ, ȥòã
ð, Ƚص³ƽˣҾʹȥ, ˵ͻȻʼģҸɲԸ, ᲻Ϊң
ҵü
һǵĵ
۵һ˿Ц⣺, Ȼ㲻, ɹﻹϿ, ôΪ㣬Ϊ, ҲỤ㡣
ǵã㵽ʱˣǰڳԼðɵ, Ҫˣɵҡ
ЦãŵĶϱݳҲɣ
, Ҳ׼ҷƢԭȴδǹҵĹϵ, һᣬͻȻʼˡ
Ըüͷ, ַס, һһ鼰ʯͷ, úֻ˵أǡƽǰվŵ
ôõɫ, Ҵȥκɡ
ҹϺܺڣˮֲã˵ġȥЩᡣ
Ǹһ㲻ԵĻȣ˼Һܶ࣬ٴһڴ֧ܸ¿Щԡ
ȥھȥһԵģʱԥˡ
ʧЦǸùţͶˣ
Ҳǣֻͬȥ߶ѡһķϡ
֣Ǿɡ
Цס֣ȻһDD
˻
һŤͷԼõѡ
û뵽Ԥı£Ǳһʯͷȡζ˵һ䡣
˵뻰
Ц鿴һãֻȹ˺ˣ˷ñǡ
óŲҪѡԼȹڣһʱЩƣֻУ֮һֻɫʹһƥѾµˡ
ż¶Ůģϲͷ۸ΰοҪ˵ʱɽͷнŲ֮ͷҲԶ
֮ˣܲܽһƥ۾һ̴Ӽɽڳȥˣûס
էһӰӼɽŵһȿ˭ȣ£ôܼɽȥˣ
䣬Ҳˡ
ɻ󣺡ɽʲôģȥǶʲô
ͬͣ˵֮֮꣬̿ȹˣܽ˴ŪƥϹһȹ
ԭ۵״Ц֮˶٣ȿ˵ȹʱһ㶣뵽ʲôüͷʱ֡

ԼңҲ̫ˣ֮ѵ⣬ǱײˣͲΣ
ʲôεģ
ǲΣɷƻǸӣܿЩ뷿˽¡֮˵꣬õĿһۣ֮ŷ뿪ˡ
һɻվ˰κΪô˵ң
Ǿãµȹ˺İɡһɵ

ȹˣҲûȥˣֱӸһͬ˷Ƚ֮ͻȻ
һʲô
ȻѾҪȹˣҲ˺һΡ˵űߡ
Ƭ̣˵ʵǲǸղȹʱ͵أ
ûгϣʣܿ͹˲Щˡ
ĸһ˯˴۾㿴һ뻹ðҩ
ѾỳˣӦòúҩ˰ɣҩ
ⲻ̫ҽĲҩҪղС
Ҳ˵Ժ²зҲúҩ꿴ͷһСʱ
ʧЦ¾ÿͬз¾͵Ǻˡ
ллˡбһۣҩһȻͨһڴϣ˯ľ
ʱˣڷֻ˱ڿůͦıϣĵ
ۿãֿĸо
ˣͷҲû̧ʡ
΢ȣô֪ˣ
ǰˡش
㵹
ȻˣŰɡ
Ӧһ̴Ӵˣʰһ˱һͬȥˡ
õһʱˣ֪Ѿãձ㿪ʼϳʱȥ
ȹߺ󣬼һûأôϳˣѲϵ˺ˣ
Դ˼֮󣬼űû糯ˣмѰֻȥѰ£Ҳټôʱ˾û档
ô˵Ȼ޼˵£ҪСЩѡ
һۣİɣһעġ˵գ̾Ϊٶ漸죬û뵽ôҪˡ
֪̰㺬ЦοгЩóԵģȸ²
ߺһû˵ˡ
һ첻㱻ӱ˳紺糿Ǻ⼫ŨĴӻŵ޷ŸżأһС㴵˹׵ˡ
ѾȺ򣬿æǰ˺磺£߰ɡ
Ӧһһͬȥˡ
Ϊ¼Ҳ磬ƽʱ絽һӣû뵽ø磬Ѿڴ֮ϵȺˡ
ôļӣ޷˵Ҫǰʱȴ١
һ£ǰʱˣ
ôѵǰȥ֪ͨĹû㣿Įʡ
뵽ͷˣǸ޹Ŀͻᱻɱ㲻ûҪǰɱԴ
Ĭһ˲ػϣ˵ˡ
㻹٣Ī޲ɣƺϵᷴŭʡ
£ɫƽڽȾߺȻȬȴǿˣԱƽʱ˯Щˡ
û뵽һ£ʱЦô˼й޾͵ӣ
ÿһգȱҩҪЮҲҪʴ֮ģǳְڣ򲻸Դ˾ӹͷأֻǲ᳼Ҿ֮ġ
ÿһֶΪԼ⣬ʵһ˦ڼϣڳ˶˾ô֮⣬Ȼһȴ˷
ô˵ҩƳǰ»ҪǣʵǹڻˣƽϲŸɵĳǣһҲòĹ͡
ϣԪˣżгٵҲǲɱ⣬ˡ׳ͻȻ¡
һڣ˵Ҳ¹򣺡ˡ
ááſŹµ䣬ٵð֣ǰһھͻ˹ȥ
ϣ
ϣ
߿ʼңĴ΢΢۵


 115 

ű̧ߺ, 糯ҲϲˣˬĻؼҲһصô, ֪϶£ǲǹʲô£
һ¼Ƶ, ӦһţӲ, ǰ˳ˡ
úõôӲʡ˵һ£΢΢, ʲô
Ҳ, Ҿͻ, , ²Ľ龭һ飬˵껹ΪԼ粵, ҲͬƽϣһҪӣٲΪԼֱ漸䣬̫ԩˡ
ȷʵǻò, ԭ˵䣬Ҫպ͵Щһɷģ, ǰܹЩί, ѵĻʱ˵ˡ
ЦһΪҪ˵ˡ
úܺãô˵㡣ס֡
գգ۾ô˵, ԺҿԼôˣ
Ĭһ˲ٻҪЩ
, зִ, ŵҶ, ǰǰСҲһģľҲܶҲɱңȻţҺαΪԼ
ۺͱȼŴˣ˵ܽôϳûˣɾһҶˡ
ʧЦҪͬ˵ʲôʱ֮˸ˣһ룬һСʱҳǰȹһˡ
ǰȵ̫ҽƺҩõѰŮһŮҩͬһ֮֡΢Ц
̲ס²ۣҲҩˡ
·ģõҩұȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȷŸ°ҩġ֮˵
һ֪ǷǺȲˣɵ̾һӹ¶õҩһˡȵüһڵʱྡྷʱһܣӦȥѰ۽ӳˡ
˸˵ˣ⸱ҩмζǳģ̫ˡ֮ţɫȴ൱̹Ȼһ֪ǹġ
ɨһۣŮ
ķѵľ񶼼ҲϣŮ֮ƽĺӣֻ˶ǻģ½һͻȻԼô죿
üȻҩ̫ҽԺ͸֪ºٶҩ̫пѰŮһ㻳ӡ
ҪԵġ֮ż뿪ķ֮̾һ
Ĭһ˲ûȰֱתȥѰˡ
һ̵ﵽڻڷ࣬ʲôûζϽȥȰȰ֮ٸҰҩˡ
һȰˣͷֻ취ˡ
ʲô취ʡ
𴽽ǣһպһȣҲ࣬ڶÿ֮ҩ͹͵͵ĵ
취ô
˸գǾûбİ취ˡ
һԼ⣬ָҪá˵ԣһ߳Ըһ⣬ЩˣŤŤſϡ
ɴ಻˯֮ŽȥϣڼǵûķӣΪ˯ֱ̫һ硣
ʵ֤ʲô޶ûã֮ڱƭ˼κ󣬾ԸˣÿζҪۿҩߣ˵ʲôʲôӰεĸš
ȻúҩˣÿҩȺҩʱҪ尾ҩȵóԷˣҲԽԽơ
Ļ𲻺﷢շڼϣٲһ˳ʲôֱ˵Ҫ˵ҪоݣüĻ˵һ൱ãÿοɫ;ٺҩ
ˮůݳݺɣ֪о͵˴ĩĳʱ
½շõˣɫȴԽԽãҩõġʮָˡ
ºȹ룬Ͻ˿ȿζȥŲõҩβ֢֮ģãΪʱδϣ
Ŷµ𣿡
һţ˷¶⣬Ĭһ˲ֻ޽ٵҡҡͷûУ̫ҽ˵ͬҲصģҲûҲ
ô˵Ļҩȷʵûãɫˣ̫ҽҩá
бһۣͲˣԲɫõģ浱ЩӰ׸Եģ
ǣ˵ʲôʲôЦ
ס⻰һͲĵġ
Ƶп࣬ǰϣ˼ȥһºûǺˣ͸¶
ãȥæȥˡ
Ŀ뿪бԽԽĻˡ
漰Ҳ𴽽ǣƬ̺õҲʮˡ
ƵͣһʱЩпǰʮˣ֪ˡԣǰļʮˣɲǰʮʱʮ꣬ҶСӡ
ԲŻ޹˼ɵ̸ͬţ£һȲ衣
һ£۾ʣִף
ǴףֻǾõӦעŮ𡣡
Ǹӡ
ʮʱƣнˣӿҲ֪ʱʼġ
һȻѽ˶еǼ£ϵ
Ի棬ȴʵʵˣվ߳һͷҲȷҪͬ˵Щŵģü
ĬƬ̣ƵĿһۣ֪ʲô˼ˣԺעЩǡ
⻹ࡣˡ
ƲƲ죬ͻȻ˵ǰã۵÷ƺ綼û˼˵ףⱲӼȻˣǲǵø˵ˣˣֻ֮֮ʱҵ̷򣬲ȢޣɸӦǿԵġ
ݳûҪ̷Ͳ檵ġ
ֻעŮû뵽ջ񣬵˵ͷȷʵȢˣ·ͷʢҲϴԭȷ˵ŵߵǴʱ͸Ҫ˼Ըġ
Ǿˣǣ˷ԣͿʼסİ塣
渽ͣӢֻǸ粻ڶڼңֱӽй˵һΣ
룬Ҳԣɶ̷²豭ȥǡ
˵תͷҲص뿪ˡ
ûסһ䣺ֱȥоǣαԼһˡ
ȻӰѾʧˣ仰ȻҲᱻ
һӺһӾۼУԼ뷨˵˳ƵըëҲŲףǼԴܸ֮Ҫǰϱ˵ҲŲҪ
ҲףıŵûȤ
һͲµǿʱԸ⣬ôҲ⣬ȶ˶̬󣬱Ťͷ֮
֮һڲ裬źӣүеôģ
һԱߣ·֮еүһ
Ҳǵ£ʲôϵɻǰЩ֮ͬ˵ѾʵϢһֱζ뵽ǵĻ£;и֪ȵ˶Ҳ
ûһжǵµ⣬̰ǻҲãʱɻˣϾҺ͵»鳤꣬ôһֱš
ͬĵ˵ͷ
֮еĿ˷һۣһ˺õúܣͲ͵ºүˡ
ҲǷҪ̳ɻ飬ⲻȶˣԵģ˵ôȻȰ
֮˼Ƭ̣˵Ҳе
۾һ࿴ˣ
֪ΪҺãԸµģҲΪºã¿ɷҵģ֮
һɲõԤУĬĬ˼ǰͷʲô
ûʲôֻǾó̫ˣǿ϶ɼ̷򣬶Ȼ֮ЦЦҲΪ˵ºãϾ֮檣ÿ˶Ҫģ֮ԲϽܣҲϳһδеζ

̽ͷаĿ֮ҿ̷Ըˣ
¡
ȣҾʣϾҴӦ㣬겻̷򡣡æ
ʱΣֻꣿ
ģҿ϶سŵĵ
ȴôˣµ˼ǴԺˣҷǵãǰ˵һӶᶯ˼
ʲôʱ˵ģôȫǵˣһ¡
ЦǵҲ
ٸҲǵһ¾ǣĳŵŵԾǡ
һһ˭Ҳ˭Աߵķƴըëһ£ҲƬ̵ʱ䡣ãȻĲ֪ҪҪʱֻ֮ĳʾ⣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ǡ


 116 

ûµĽ, Ȱ֮׵ûɣ˱ŤͷԼƫԺ, ýԼݵһ, ⱲӶˡ
˳ܵĶֵü󣬷һǵȥ֮, յԺſھͿ磬㶣ʲô

֪, ҵ˼ʲô
Ĭһ˲ԥҪҪס
ǰ, Ҳԥ˰ɣƽŵĿһΧ, ȷû˺ѹ, ǲҲãºΪǲ
û˵, ֪Ĭˡ
̾Щյͷڳ˸ŵµʱ򣬴󲿷ʱ䶼ڵģ治ȢϱԼ鷳, ȢϱʹǻᳳܵĻһȢһɡ
Ĭס
̾߰ɣȥ硣
, ҾԺ, ֮˵Ż߳εĿһ, ˭˵, ǳΪǲ׵ģ
ѵ𣿡Ʒʡ
֮һԴȻ, ǳǵ̷£ͬʲôϵû׵, ǻᳳġ
𣿡Ʋš
֮ɨһۣ㲻ң
ûûУæ֣˵껹ˮأôģ
ĬƬ̣ףΪǡ
ԶԶԣǽͷݷæͷΪ˲ףҲ̷£ǾͲᳳˣԻǹǡ
ô˵ԹûµģһʼͲȢ׵£ôߵһ֮ЦЦ
ƶ˶٣ûʲôֹһ䣺ҲΪǺá
ãԸȢˣǱͺã֮ü
Ҳȷһãͺͺأ
ǾͻɣҾͲˣӱһǸϲ׬Ǯ֮˵꣬ת뿪
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ磬籧еĵĬĬ˵һ䣺Ҿ˵Ϊ̷һ³ܣΪǵĻ£ǿϳף֮ĸҲ
ƣŶ
ԲʲôѹˣҲ롣˼֮⣬ľ֮Ļ֮㵭Ҳŵ
ﻹǵģҪһֱܸô죿
ĬãǾģɼᳳ̷ܵ򡣡
ƣ˲䱻˵ˡ
ԼҵôԿ뷨ղĶһۣȻظݸ˯ˡ
˯üãǼȥ˯ţֻߺߵˣˮ
˵ΣûӦԴӸ֮ѾǾͲҹˣһΪ˿źˣΪƽտ¸ߣһ˴Ͼ͸һ㣬ö̫ʵڲ˼Űǲߵġ
ԾֱӵˣȿˮҲ˸ˣķ·һλ¹ˡںڰпԼĴŷⴲһǹڴˡ
įǰ侲ʼ˼ԼýøܡҶأһ˹ھУΨһѰŮӼһ
ɷ򡯵ģȴǶ̷Ҳ
ҪˮȥǸɡ򴽣Ƭ̺С´һͨһ˵ϡ
ֻһǰʱһڡ
ǵģһƬҲĸоǰһڣűϴʹ
ḻ˾Ťˡ
š
ûˡ
šȾȱңֻܶ϶Ľˡ
ȻѾûҹˣԺЩȻζ޷ȴûĸģҲвǡ
νһͬĵˣ˿ѾΪ̷ȥƫԺ˿֪
ΡΡ˺ð춼ûӦһ뵽ûи뿪Ͳſڵ˶ûУ˲ޣڸղŵǸ뷨ǳ׻ҷ
꣬
ڵſ˺ܾòǿȥſڽ˺شϵ֮ԥΣ׾ΪóȥſδҲ̫ѿˣǹ
ʱܻ᲻ԾıϵʹʹԣڴſʱһĺӦԼûˮ
֪ȥſˡĬƬ̺Ա۾װˡ
Ϊһֱۣûſţ˰æҲֻܺſһҹѾǽŴʱ԰׵ɫ۵׵ĺ࣬ʱһ¿ǲˣ
ˮ
Ѿ㶣ϽһˮȥҪʱըëң
ѾǶʱǰˣһĵŤˣ÷ȥи̫ҽȥ١
ѾӦתҪߣͷ۵Ȱˮҡ
ǡˮѾ߸Ͻ£СĵĽ͵ߡ
űһ꣬ųһѾҪôŤ˵ģͼٸһ
ǡ
Ѿߵչ£һͣ£ſڴϾͲˣ̫ҽ˲ſ˵
εƬ̹ҹŤ˵Ϣʹ¿æ˸ˡ
̫ҽ֮һ˵û˼ֻҪʦһЩʱվͺˣҩóԡһóҩʱһʱһҩΪ˼һ룬ǲҪˡ
̫ҽߺ֮æȥõĴȥ๤ҩţƸΧżתſڴϣζۿ
үȴһֱʱŴҴҸϵ
ʵҲϲԺźƫԺֻһסͷͨϢҲɵǣΪ˱ƼźŶûãһֱûѰоԾ˲ųѯʡ
֪˼Ť˵Ϣ
ҴҸϵԺ޷ſڣҪȥʱͻȻס
ʲôѹͳ
һ΢ڣ·ԸүռȻ뿪պ󶼲ٻ
Ҫȥü
һεǾ͸ˣ˵ˣ㡣
ȥͨ
ǶһֻۣýͨˣֻǰӺʱɫˡһ֪ʲôʱվƬ֮ת뿪
ߺ󣬷ķСĵĿڣ£үˡ
˲źáߺһ
ڨڨ£˳ˣҪֱŤ
ѾǱŤŤ˻͵ؾסͷβŻһϵ۵ҪΪˣҲŤˣڲ
Ҫ׷ǹǣƿܵģʱˣǹԹӦ³ɻ£ҲͲ̷үˣ¸ˡЩɥ
ЦĿһۣ㻹ʲôζԼ£ڣҸܸʲôϵһֱиᣬҪġ
ģ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
϶ĵ˵ͷţз޲ܵģûϵ
ҾͷˡƶʱЦ۾
ЦĿһۣҪ˵ʱͻȻһۣ̰ӴӴſˡ
Ȼ˵òأۻǺ۵ģʵʵڴſţ˱Ҫʱ´ʱ伸һ
Ϊû¿ŷ˵Ǹ˵ģڷһ󣬲ɵһ䣺ӶûԾСʳ¿ʲôԵ𣿷ȥ򡣡
֮󣬼һ뵽ıǣǳӡ
ȥ
˵ţֱҪʱˣûʲôɳԵģǲҪˡ
ƣ
޷ݵĳĬƬֲ̣ĵһ䣺ǵճأûбģȥ
ʲôԣҾͺáĵ
ƣȻԶûʲôģȥ򡣡
ûСᶨĻش
۰Ͱ͵Ŀʱ֮ˣæˣǻ໰Ҫ˵ҾͲˡ˵һ̵ˡ
һɻ󣺡ôʲô
ԼڼƵþˣȥŷŷ硣֮º͵
һ£ŻȻѹһֱҪ
֮Ц˱ˮŻ˵ȥôʱ򣬵ûүţ
ʲô
֮𴽽ǣֻǾڵߣһնƲ֣ŵ¡
һҲŲΪҲˡ
£ԼĲŻˤġƽչ֮Ҳһ䡣
ȻҲֻ֪Ťʵ̫ˣ̲סﵽϡ
£үӣ㲻ǻһֱġ֮˵һ䡣ʱһתìܵĻҲһϵе£ȻģȻȰ͡
ĬΣƲƲǽɡ˵ãǸӣɲ
֮Ц
΢΢̣ʲôϽɡ
ȥ֮˵ƫԺȥˡ
ƫԺʱԺй£һ仰ǣˣ
δ˼ǣۣܲµڴ϶ɼա֮ʵش
û£΢΢Щ
֮бһۣߥ޵¸ףôЩ粨
ͬѾˣǲҪ䳰ȷˣޱ飬ɫذɡ
֮һҴµĻҪߵġ
˵
Ҫȥ֮
һ£ʲô˼
Ǿһӣ㻰¸̨ףֻȥˡ֮۾
΢Ҫ̧Źȥһ뵽ʱԼ֮龰ɫ΢΢Ҳȥ
֮ü۵һ˿ȡ
ңţˣ˵һѵȾһԹƾʲôһжҪģ
ûʹ֮⣬ԼûһʣЩƾǳ£
֮˵꣬˼ˣǷޣҲӡ
ֻͬޣͬ͡
֮Ĭһ˲ȷ
š
֮ζĿһۣ֪㲻ϹȥȻ֮Ȼٸ̨ףɱڡ
֮˵꣬㶯ҡˣǼᶨıʾȥ
һӺԺ޷ڡ
˸ӣԸأⱲӶˣ
֮ǳ˳飬˺һȰס뿪ԼԺʱ̧ͷϵʾ׬ǮȽס
һ󣬼ǿʼʽսˣһèƫԺһ޷Ҳһֱûˡ
ʹû棬Ҳÿٱ飬ֿʼ԰ûû˰Լ߯üζģÿζҡʱҲôһ˲֮һʼãֿʼһֵ
ÿʼ֣ƱĬĬһţȻȴԺܻż
үʲôʰɣҡΡ
ĬƬ̣ôˣ
ÿöۣƳʵش𣬡ȻΪȫõô򣬵Ůб𣬵䣬ʵڲãֻһҽŮڴָΪơ֪ҽŮַãǵʵ̫ۣÿöʮּ尾
һˣüͷ˫ŲܿƵĴԺȥŽķӣ
룺ÿ㲻㣿
ͻȻֲȥˡ
˳ĬƬ̺󣬷ʶ⻰˵ϽŵĨˡվƬ̣ǡÿÿָõĴԺӭȥ
үáæ
ĿƬ̣á
򣺡
߼ڼգкѶ֪˵ˣ⼸Ҳ½ʱ׳ЯǰһòĿС꣬Ǽָ۹ģҲòһüá
Ůӹ뷿׳иܿˣǿС˽ƿֿǸʶĳȥˡ
˺ЦԼ񣺡밲
ɣλǣСôҲʮˣ㶮صˣһ˵˴Ȼˣɵġ
ЦŵЩ˴Ϊ´ӼλŴǰʱλŴƺõġ
ǰӦûǸСڡǲ󷽱㣬˵ĿʧЦЩεƾˡ
һֱԱվŵС̵ͬ񲻱عڼƽŮΪǡ
û˵꣬һеƣźЦڲϼҲܣԲٹСҲҲβ
ģˣͷ֮źͻĿ꣬ȻˣǾ԰ɣƵÿԣǾڸмա
ǡС괹Ӧһ
ʱƾ⣬ͷ˳ٳûгЩĶȥˣ߳Ժûãһ
үҶ˵ˣҾֱңҪôңⶼڼˣҪ£Ǿȥʮ
ҲŲ
Цһ
׳ˣӲתƻ⡣
Ƶͷˡ
Ѿۣǻ˸ˣ״Ʋ⡣
ƶһ£㷽ʵľǸ˰ɣ
Ѿ˵ö࣬ұһ䣬ɨһֺۣܿתߣ˵ò
ȷʵǵϷ֡ٴ˵ʵ
һ˲µѾϲˡ
ɣݿʱˣ²ϲô۽Ӵһ޹



 117 

һͨù, Ըоɿ첻٣͵ĿС꣺û뵽ģַȻϵ, Ƽˡ
ˡǸ, С֮ˡ
ЦΪ֪Ŵַϵ, ֲعעŮΪˡ
˵ͷȷʵ, Ͳ̫Ůбһ, ֵñ, ˵Ż, ̧ͷã, ɻģ
صµĻãѪַͨԵ, ȴǲͨСʵش
𣺡ҵרǿ⣬һҲ㹻, ڳ, ȱ֮ϼңȥ, ǲ, պڸС
л, СæӦһлиĸ, ǲһֱھ뾩ԶպҪֱһŴǡ
Ǿˡס
˼Ѿ˾ͷţͲˡ
Ҫˣڸø㷹ɡ
ǵˣȵ³׺ˣǷ򸾶Ҳ١ǫá
ҲǣȻ뿪ˡ
˸˸뿪ˣһȥһºүá̧ͷɫ΢㶣үӲ
˹ģһнԺá΢΢ס
ӦүҪϢǡɫΪû˯á
΢΢ף֮û˵ˡ
ǳǳһЦҪӵ뿪Ҫߣ
ʻˣֻͣ¼ͬ˵үĻͽ£ֻ뿪
˵ŻͥԺй׳Ҳ˹ͬҪ뿪ƽĿǷ޶ˣҷ˵ЯǰʱһλڶλҪ뿪ˣôûλ
˵Ŵ򰡡һ㶣ŻȻ
򣿡һ١
׳ԱӦһⲻǵµһֱûô˱㵣ĵòУӼһλͨõĴ򡣡
ǰ֮黺Щл˵ûʲôãʵҲоͨõĴֻŮб𣬲ΪҽΣһָҽŮѾߣδҲӴ򣬿½Ҳһġ
ôᣬŴѾΪùˡЦŻش
Ĭһ˲ã
ǰº⣬ˡֲһ䡣
һˣ
ûڵأ˲Թɫı鲻ѣһ䣬үģŴԭΪŮҽιа֮ġ
ү£ְȴŷ˻ȥˡ
׳˵űһͬ뿪ˣһĲˡ
һߣʣ¼СꡢмѾˡ͵ĿСڿεòСǶŮ˲ȤҲ
ⴽݰ׵ģСﻹôأȤʡ
Сˣ͡͵úá
ǿҲüΪÿ֪Ϊѷɫۣǲ´߶ʲôˣɴſڴġ
С룺ҸÿЩ
㵹ǲǫѷʧЦ
С겻˼ĵͷ˵Ķģҵﶼ˵ǵŵ㡣
Ҳǣһ㶼һ£ͻȻһźҲĻòҲ֪ƯĺֻϧҲֻˣⱲעûŮԵֵġ
£Сһֱɵûһ䡣
š
áСæӻ
ͷûãҲţɣ⼸ռۡ
ſˣΪ滺һ½˯ˡúƢ
Ӧһ޷ʹ˾
ʱɫվͥԺУǸ˵еĴȻСʱûȵ
ñǷдһ硣
ҲƲסҪȥѾ߼״æסү
ÿõ
ѾЩΣүԵȣūȥͨһ
ҽԼӣΪλҪȥͨ˵ȴûٶ
ѾǸĸ˸æСŽݣһű㻽һ¡
ô˻Żŵġһſڴϻ˯
үˡѾæ
˲侫ˣʲô
֪ͷĵšѾ߻ش
ЦһԭڲˣҪˣʲôط˵˵߾ߣ
Ѿ߶һ£Сʣǡūȥ
ʱ˵ˡ
üûˣȻҲȷʵġ
Ѿ˼ģʱЦһūү
˭ˡһ䣬Ȼ̫СѾ߲û
Ϊóһ˲Сʣ£Ҫ𣿡
أ۾󡣡
ǡöʱ飬ɵļΪ硣
Ϊһֱڴţֻһ׵£ٲһĳͷϣ¶һذĲΪ˷㵥ϥڴıأէһҲڴһ㡣
ʱ㿴ѪӿһĻ֮űǰ
״Ʋĵı۾ʵ䶼֧ˣ߽̿۵׵ĺһ£û˯ã
»ԸңĮʡ
һҲұ£
żδ±ֿʼԳƱˣĮĶá
úӵһ˲䣬۵ԭһ˿ޣһ˲㱻һ£ָҲܿصЩ
˻ü
æʣŪ۵𣿡
ţˡ
۵һ˿ɫǲЩǾĲˣһҪ߲񡣡
֪ˡش
ԽǵĶԻԽô̶ʱˣһǵһμģĪΪλŴ򳤵úϵµԵ
üͷ۾Ϊ£Ϊ˲ģΪռ
£ŮܲףΪµ룬պǲҪΪˡ
ã⼸գҲûıòһܽЩĴˣ
ֻǵı˻
ҲΪ룬ô˫۾ŵ£ҪУһҪź⼸ѧˡ
ûµĻ°ɡĻ
һߣ
Ҳֻ£ǻȥɡ˵±۾һ˵ģ
Ŀãת뿪ˡ
һ߼۾ûʲôĶð˰֣Ҳ°ɡ
ǡӦһü˳Ŀߣ˼ۻԥһµ£үˣȥһ£
ᣬ̾ĬƬ̺ǿˣˣ㻹ȥһɣԼ
ǡת뿪
֮ȥ׷æү
Ȼ·ûһȻƫԺߣֻС׷ȥǰү
ôһգʾˣʡ
æ֣ûǸ뷨үһ¡
֮㣬Ϊ֮ñ롣Ļ
ǡ
Уպص㣬֪а֮Ҿͽ֮ء񷢺ɱ⼸Ҫ
δģһʱ䱻ˣ뿪֮ðβŴ˸һҪҪ׷ǵˣֻŶԶԶġ
Ϊֹ˼ɣҪȥԺסʱæΪ˵µˣµþͽС
ҲǣǾͽƫʰʱȥƫסɡ
Ӧһæ뿪ˡ
޷ʱֻʣ¼һˣ˯̫࣬˯⣬ǳ㡣Ȼʱˣ˶Ѿ˯Ҳǿн˽
ʱſͻȻһ΢춯üͷҪŤͷȥͻȻ뵽ʲô̱۾װ˯
Ҳֻ̣ǲԶվſ泯״̬Ȼڵӣĸоģƺһֱš
ʲôǻȥԽԽԻɱڵİɣ
¿ˮӲҶˡ
һֱ˿û뿪˼ԽſԽӲҪ̲סֱӻͷʲôʱͻȻǰŵϽרװ˯һ˲Ĵͷϡ
ֻһ£ܿſĿڣҲãΪҪñˣ
ʲôʱˣ
˵ɿת뿪ˣҹĹרΪ˵仰һ㣬֮󣬼תͷſڵķ򣬰̲סһ
ϵĵѾϨ𣬴ԽԽߣһ⣬ԺĿҪ˯ʱͻȻһͷÿ϶ɣ
һ磬㻽˷ƣ⼸նʲô
Ʋ֪һ޹Ƹ²һģ¶ˣô
бһۣǰ˵ͥ԰˵
һǸ˿ˡһ
΢Уơ
˵˵Ͷˣ˵ãҺ͵һģǵңնңҲû취ˣŻͬ˵ġ
û¶ʲôü
̾Ϊ˵£ŲӲ£ֵĵµӣԲһֱ׷ʵġ
ͷ΢һ֪ң
Ȼˣĵˣ˵һ£Ʋ˵ðҿɲΪ˵Ҹ²һġ
˵ص㡣Ρ
̴˹ȥ˵Ҳʵú󣬱㿪ʼĴѧϰ⼸ûûҹİţ򶼱ˣ̵ʱѧЩַ
㶵ĿͻȻԼϵĻʱ˵ǣҪã
˵£Թַ𣿡˼ǰҺԹͦģӦòǸС
һûԹ
ǽɡ顣
Ī飺Ӧòôҡ
ƶһ£˾εʣ£ǻҪ𣿡
û˵
ʵһС£ǾȻܳôãҶ֪ò˵һˡ
һۣǲ⡭
ʲôӲӵģǾɣ˵ôˣôͲһأò̫ԣϽֲһ䣬ûָµ˼ŶҺ͵²һߵġ
ˣ֪ˡһ䣬˱㽫ˡ
ÿԹ񣬼æʣո𣿡
öһ£ʵش𣺡ûС
Ϊûнͣʡ
ãɱҡ
ģģȥһ°ɡ̾
öĿۿͻȻˡ

ؼˡͨһڵϡ
׸ɶ˼Һų
Ҫ˼һ˲ָ˻ͷȻؼңҲˣɣ㱸ϰ̲ʹɣӺ뿪ֱӻͻؼΣ
µ˼ǡү֪ߵϢýʡ
΢΢ףģ׷ȥѰƱġ
ǡǾͶл£һ۾²Ϊһΰɣʵ֮ԻʹΪǰյòԣԭһĽǾᣬղѾΪͨͨһΣ֮ܿͻˡ
Ǿ鷳ˡº͵
æӦһ㿪ʼͨˣֱ֮뿪ˡ
ߵϢڼĿ£ֻмѾ֪Ҳǲ֪ġ
ʱ֡һζµ˷ơ
̾ү´ܻܲ˶£յ»ҵġ
ʱ㲻޷ź£ܳʲôõʡ
ƲƲ죺ǲŴôûʲôˣһնûȥˡ
һ£ʲô˼
ŶŴڵһˣûءûп뿪ķش
ɫʱͺˣÿò˳һʱѵ֪
֪ġƻش
գ֪ΪλҪдôã
ΪϲɡһϵĿ˰ѵ
ЦһȻϲ̷򣿷һ޶ԳȫԼˡ
˵Ҿпܡƺ޲Ĳ˵ڶѵ
ֻҪĹˣת뿪ˣĿıӰʧˣ֪ΪʲôǴһԴʺȥҼˡ
ϸʱͿ۵׵Ц⼸ڲסһʣЦʲô
һûʲô
ʼ磺ҾκƸˡ
ᣬ϶Ҫġƶ
ƲôãǿɲһŶҾᡣ
ԭԼͦĵģһ񶨣ҲɵöҡˣҪټӵ㾢
һ˲̧ͷԷƵȥҪһζҩ
ʲôҩʡ
룺Ҳֻ֪֣ʹʱҩһ࣬ͿϺĦõģһ˵Ӧþ֪ˡǸԲӣûٰ滺
һͷʺţȥѰˡ
Ҫ󣬱ٱŭڳٽ㣬ȻͻȻ侲һ㣬ƽĿ˷һۺԸȥ
Ҫˣƾȡ
۾ǰ


 118 

ҹ, Ժ޷ֻһ֧Ʋ壬һһɴ᣹, ȵ˴ʱѾʣʲô, ߵˣδܿ崲ϵľ
ҩ𣿡ʡ
ޱ, ӱ̽Դȣôˣ
¹зҩ, Ϊ˱ҹʡƵĻʱ, ʱһͷ, Ӧžԡ
Ȼô, һֱԼ巳˶ñ̷ͷ, 浱ʱֲˡ
ǳˣֶζóЦ
ˣֱ˵ˣȻأѲɻҪȥ㣿ɱ, ó
͸һ˿Σա
һ£ң˰ɣǸԳ, ܼƽЩʲô, Сŵ˵˵ĻҼװԼһҲˡ
ʱǸĿڿ, ôǿδǰʱ, ȴԳƱ΢С
üҲÿΣ
ڡ
ǰôʱ, ֻǹ뷿֣֮ɽձôһ, ֻ鷿ʱ˻±̫ץĸоһǶһ䣬㻹ˡ
Ҷ档һһ
һҲˣһȻ棬ΪλҪ֪ͬʱҪ𣿡
ĬΣŴȾܾҵġ

²ϸģȻ˵˵ž͵óƲƲ죬ֱת˻⣺λŴŮӲȤǳĴףǿǶˡ
һ£õԭ򣿡
Ȼأʡ
ɫЩϲϲŮӣˡ
֪㲻˼£ⲻͽ˽ôƽѾˡ˵ŻЩź˵λŴַãŸΣұˣǰЩǿˡ
öѣʲôѵġϲˡ
𴽽ǣ˵⼸ѧãҲ֪Σ
ΣһԱ֪ڣȻʮš
ˣſ£ɡ
ѻûѡѡ
һ£ΪҪѣ
ıա
ҵ꺢ͯأ
ǰ˿顣
ⱲӾûôŵˡ
Ƥɨһۣһ䣬ɻûãڡ
µΣұȵ¸ش
һֱӽͷˣֻһС¡һССǰֻһϸϣ˿ϸĽĺϡ
۵ȫķɫɵļƺԴ˲ռȫ˼ĺᶯ˶β򶨵Ľ⿪Ǹɿӡ
ɵſڴϣǸоҪԼĺˣҲ˿ţţſ֪֡˻ûã£ȴƫƫҪѣʱˣô
һ뵽һ»ֵľȣ̲ס𴽽ǣ˴ʱѹġŨDDһ
һ٣ˣ
ۡش
żüº󣬼һηֻٴͣ£ǲﲻ
ûУֻϰѡһ
ĬƬ̣ǸǰҲˣ
ʲôʡ
ˣǹġ
Ƭ̺󣬼ΪãҲòֻű㻯ʱ㲻ǰֹǻˡ
ȷʵúܺãһ˿๦ѧϰģȻȲзḻĴ򣬿ȴΪ㹻˽⣬Ծͼĸоԣ˶Ҫ
û˯ֱԼ˸棬ѹôˣ
ˣ¿Щʡ
ôô죬۾һӣʱϲȷʵࡣ
ȻˣǲǸˣʡ
һ£ʲôˣ
Ƭ̣ӻͳһСƿ
ŲѾ˵ôôҪˣ
˵ֻ⼸ճܵ£ûôἰҩ£Ϊ˱ҹװҪͬҩѵҸþôˣʡ
ǳ˳飺ô
ܵõ³ԣպŲ¡һ˵һ߽´·Ұ޶
ܵĲΣգ¿ˮҡ˻ûãɱ𷸻롣
ģҲ˵¡˵䣬ֻʣһˣž׳һŲ˴ϡ
ŵæŲȻƽһֱǽ޿ˡ
㡢ҳȥҲͺˣǿиɵŭ
Ǹһ㲻ԵĻȣ˵Щ𣿡
治Уᣬ˻ûãҪǺĻ϶ҪصģҶڴôˣټˡ
䣬һֵһֽסһлشмɺáͻȻԼϿաѹԼܵһ˲Ҫˡ
ʲôһ㣿΢ƣȻѾ鶯
СĵŲһӣ¸о쳣Ĵں󣬵ֽסˣҡĻͣ𡭡
ᣬϻش𣬿ŵòѵðοһ䣬ܱ֤㡣
ֵ۾ҵСƭأ㶯ôôܲңŴ㹻ʵ»ǻɢ˺ô
ﴽԹԵģҿ϶㡣
ĽҪʲôǰɣҡ
˵䣬Ѿ˱У˲佩ӲӨԲĽֺԾĿٽ˴죬ֻҲı۰
ϸ˵ˡѡ
۵ᣬ߶µ˵֮£ʲôʸҪұ
ʮΣɲͺˣź㣬ûźҡ
û˵꣬һֱֻҲӣʱסˡ
Ŀôɣ
ɿ͵
۽Ƿ죺ȷſҡ
㲻ҡ

ʶԼǵܱͣ£ӹʱѾ˵ʲôˡⲻ֪ʱ˴꣬޷ֵЩݱܵ䣬֦Ѿˮڵʱž·Ļݰ
֪˶ãˮͣϱ鲼ӨΣһСιϸҶӭ緢䲻֪ˮ顣
·𻯳һ̲ˮﶯãϵĺڽëʱ·ˮһճ۾ֻĺߺߣ㡢㡭
һ䣬û壬ߣ˵ʲô
ڡ
ֺһ䣬ˣЦεĻһ䣺˭ҵģԭֻǳֹڴ󵨣һʱʧ˿ء
ƺһ˵ʲôѾ˯ȥˡ
ĸڴ϶˼գ´ʱĵһ¾һţֻϧڸתһȦûҵˡ
ΪֻǶͷȥˣȻһֱ綼ŸоԾҪȥѰʱ˵˵Ϣ
æǰԺߣһκԶԶӭüͣ£Ҫʱ㿴ôõɫĿע⵽һš
ȥ˷¥ŷةıʼü۾ǳǱ߳ʲô£
Ŀβſڣĸֲˡ
һ£ôֲˣ
ضɳȸʮֿຮĸһֱӦȻϤţɻǲãü֮ɫһֱˡ
ǰΪųأɽ򸾲У֪Ȼһֱ˵ɸĸһֱĽᣬѾ˳ȹ٣ɲԸĸĵǾʧˡ
Ƭ̣ܹ֤ʵةûı֤ݣѾһ֣ʣµЩһЩҲһЩɼǽȥֻҪŲϷǻǱ㲻뿪ء
û£뷨ӡ
򴽣οס֣ȱ𼱣취ȴȥؿǡ
šס
ߣ㽫еŷߣһЦת˻⣬֪ģҲŲḸĸǱߵˡ
ҹͻȻѣ۾ߣæ´Žűܣܵſʱ͵ͣһ
վԺв֪ʲôͷûдЬ󣬶ʱüͷ˹ôżʲô
Ϊˡ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ʧЦȥģ
ءҧס촽
εĽģȻǰ˽ȥĸҲǴִһеġ
ǲ벻ͨôֹһ䡣
ŵϣԼšӰţĸײӦòأϴһ㲻֪ˣ˵ϣĸ׵Ĳ鲻صġ
֪ͺãգٸҼʱ䣬취üŴӦһ
һӡǿ
Щеûģ֪ûôˣЦŵͷûһӡ
⣬Ϊ˱ӡ
ΪųǱߣɻ˷ţҪŹ취ȰͬԼ͹ϵŹ׸ڼ߶꣬˽ˣ仰Ȱ򸾽μӼˡ
ȥ鷿ݼ֮ʲôȥŹ뷨ʱŵɶδʽ㣬Ҳý뿪绹Сһʱʽȥͬǻҳ
һ⻰֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣĺһۣǳЦǳȸˡ
˵գֱ뿪ˡ
֮鷿㾲˹ĺŲ裬·ûпվǰҲ˵ֻǴվƺû˿ѿ
֪˶ãŵһ˵ףҲڿϿ˵ˣ˵ڽʱɱ޵Ľͳ죿
ػϵĻǡƽش
΢Уôĵӡ
Թ£ֻǺȻʮͦΣˡ
Ѿȥôãǲˡ˵СЦһȫ˲֮󣬲ζĽһ䣬ֻû뵽㾹Ϊ˻ʽ˵ز֪ʴȣȻ
Ϊ˵زΪذգ˵·û̽ߵķȷƳ˭ǽԻİɱˡ
⻰˵ÿɾе˼ˣָɣƫƫׯأ˿ָɣˡ촽˶βűһ䣺ҲȷʵΪһֹ;»ѱ飬öԣɡ
Ӧһӵվˡ
Ѿָ˵ɨһۺ
лϡ
º󣬼һڲ裬Ŀڣ䶼˵дľӣһȻ鴫
ޡȻǸˮĵУ·𲻹ܼŽﻹǼνԶν
൱ˣһ뵽Ҫ£ֻˣЩͬʽЩ϶ΪʽˣҲ˵һ
һ£Ŀ峺ĿػϵĻ֪
ʽûͬ˵ü
ʮ򶨣֮ͬ£Щһ֪
˼Ĵ㵭ɴƬ֮󣬼ŲŻ޻Ϊʽ㣬Ȼʲôͬ˵¿ƺǡ
ۣƺԸᡣ
ſһĻǱôҲдѧʵˣȵ۶ʢĲɣ񾹱ʽ㵱Сһ޶ί
ݳò´˾Ҳعضѡ
һôһأɼ޺󹬵ŮˣżҲһ쳯ȴ㳯¶֪ȷʽֻΪعأôţΪ˷㣿
Ǳ£˵ˡ
ŰеĲ豭ǣƬ̺ڲ豭ϣһ졣
ĲܣֻһȷʵϧˣԸ⣬޿԰Լ׳ն
ֱ۾ҪЩʲô
Ȼһ䣬ܿ۵ױ͸⣬Ҫδʽ룬ȰϽ
۵һ˿ֺܿȥǸ߹ˣ˷λģ
ԡŵ
ĬƬ̣һ񣺡ʵܣǻṼϵ
鷿˲䰲֪˶ãŲ̲𣺡ɽס¿ǻʽ⣿
۵һ䣬ȴƽ糣ǵƣԸչ˳ĸĸ
ȷʵ㹻ƣֻǳصǿຮ֮أǷ򸾶ѸߣϣҲǳ֮ƣſյնϰޣ޵ǿԿǽǽӻؾꡣ
ĬĶŵ棬˫ȭſסɱĳ嶯


 119 

Ĭվ, ƽɫ˲²˼
ŵã̬ǰһֻҪȰʽ㽻, ޱһž, ޸㼴Ϊ, Ҳ볯Ϊ٣Σ
Ĭ, ̧ͷ޸ƺûôס
ɶ, дϲ, ֻȻƣֻҪܰջػ, ܶѣ޶Ϊ޸
ٴĬ, Ƭ֮ŻɵڳжֶΣǹ
ôᣬƥﻳ, ڻʽУҲǺ£ΨŲ׵, ŷŻ, ջػ֮ٶԻʽ, ֤ί
΢, ðͻȻһ䣺Ŀһžۣ
ûꤻ˵˵ڶ, Ѿͣɫĵĳŵ
ǡݳú롣
, ޵Ĵ𸴡Ų
һۣһʱû˵
Ϣ
¼ĴУִ˿㣬һ߳һȥøԼһ
ǵӵˣһݱֱλŹ
װҸλ
ˣĶСŹһ˵Ѱˡ
ͣúܡ
¼ȻӳΪλҪҳ檰æŹ򢡣
Զʱյȥˣһδ㣬˵ͬһ͹ϵģ
кѣֻҪôܲȥܾһ췴ˣ϶Ҫ˼ɣȻԸͬ㻺͹ϵˡŹм
һ£ЦõʣôȰ˵ģθ𣿡
Ҳô˵ǰɵЩ£һֲˣŹʡ
һҲǣʱͲˣͬ˱ģҽͽҩаʱȣ
ŹӦһʱˡ
ĿĶϣҩҸϵѰģΪҵĲ֢֮Ҳ̥ЧѰŮӺ˻Уȴһֱûжǡ
ԥһ£û˵ꡣ
ʲôأÿ¶̫ҽΪƽ£ǻ᲻ңŹĹǣɢɢİɣҺء
׷ʣǻòڣ
ôܣҿǹܳŮˣһ»а¶ЪҹŹἰ£۵ЩС⡣
ʧЦȻǺõģҲһֱܳ裬Ϊλٳûã
˭֪ԵûɡŹ
üͲż
ȻûУɱҲûУʲôżģŹбǱˣǲǸżˡ
˵һ£ĿǰӦûеġ
һ£ͻȻǰҲһֱûãôɣܲӶëϣǡ
ȵĿŹŹ̺һۣ֪ʲôǵø㣬ǿأûЩë
Ϊһֱûãʡ
Źһۣ֪
ѲԵûֹһ䣬˵ŻɵȥԼ
Ź״ʣ˻ûȫ
ȫˡش
Ź⣺Ϊһֱ
¶ΣЩѡ
ⶼ˻ᣬ㸮Щôãͽ̫ҽΪΡŹ˵űҪ
æסûʲô¡
Ϊ㲻⣬Ż²ġŹѵ⡣
εͷ治Ϊˡ
ΪʲôŹü
ˣ㷽Ż˵Լһд¶ޣôʳ⣬ȴδµСһ㣿
Ź㶣漴һͨ죬ߵķ𣺡ô˵
ôͬ˵һ޹Ҳȷʵ޹ܲŹΪʲôֱ˵Ϊҹ̫˰ɡ
ŹƺҲԼȡ֣˰κŭô£֪ǹ磿
ˣʲôƢϽ°ɡİȥŽԼеĲˮһںˡ
Źߺߵ£ΪˮŰͱˣ̫ҽ˵ԽԽУֻ˳Ȼջ񡣡
㵹ǵǱ֮ǰˣǾͲˡ㡣
ŹɨһۣԼıӣ˵ʱͣһ˲˵Ŀڵİɵ£ᷢµġ
˶٣һš
ҲԱѣŹȻ̹ϣȴǲԸ˵ǽϣȱ˵ңأ
ôˣ⡣
ŹüҩȻβ֢֮ģôһʱգЧˣ
ҪжϣʧЦ֮ǰֲҾǲˣôõҩŶû˵ˡ
ŹüͷøⶼˣôŻû
ǾͲ֪ˣ˴룬ӲˣľԵɡô⣬ҲûȤʲôӣҲ
ҲǣֲңֻҪӿˣαظԼѰôෳգŹ̾
Цô⻰ôأ治Ҳ㣬ȻȥԸٸҩǡ
ޣͣ㲻ҿġŹʱ۾
ЦûסһԴŹֻ˳ëèһ㣬ʱʵˡ
˵Żйˣһͬȥˡ
˵ʱźѾŵ֮Ц޷˵ʽֻȥϢʱţ¿һͬˣֻǲ֪ʲôʱҪˣ
ǾҪʳˡŹһԲ̽Цһȷˣѽ͵Ƹ˼
һ˲һ°ָһߵĿţûʲôֻǾöδʵýȥˡ
ǿڣſ϶ɣһֱ˵ԼǲˣŹȾ˱ŭɫεʽ㣬Ҫ۸
⻰˵õǣ˴δ϶һ㡣
ҲֻδֹͬЦЦǳ˵űվŹƱʵʧִ磬Ź½⡣
Źһֻû˵
̿
ŹŲ鲻ԸĶžƱܵĹ˹ֱ㽫һҲžƱֻͣǵ촽ϱӱʱһŨľζ˱ǻһüͷЩˡ
üͷ΢ڴ֮϶ŵ۾ֻ̫࣬³˳ȹڡɨһۣӴӴŲ
ŹŷûȣȻǲǷʲôżŵҲֻܲˣʲô˼ڲ檺Ⱦأ
ǰʽ㣬ôȣҲʡ
ǿԼ̹Ȼڵϣ̫ʱûˣһŵζӶˣⱭǺȲˣԲƾ
ôУ檶ƺˣʱ˵ҪԲƣ˵ڲƭ檣Źﵣǣȴա
εĿţѰδʾ΢ÿЩȻʽӲʣǾͲҪǿˣֻǹľƶˣʽԲƣҲȷʵЩƽºΣ
ÿԣֻǲ֪͹ǷԸ⣿Ц
ӹеıյڵԸЧ͡
̬ˣ˵Ŀ㶼ŹϣŹŵķˣȴǲԸȻ϶ô˵ˣԸġ
䣬㽫оһһʽʼ
˵Ŀⶼе輧ϣѹʣ㷽ôˣ
Ҳ֪žζǺˣЩʲȥҲʮͷһξþƲúȡ
üѲʲô⣿
һ£˼Ǽҩˣ
ӦûôԼȷˣҺˣζǰľζһġ
Ҳ̫԰ɡ˵ţĿ㱻һӺóԵˡ
Щ˶ڹʱԵģҲԵģɽղ֪ΪΣűòֱӼ˿̵ĺ⵽ֱӾųһ׷
˵ȻȥҴǲ⣬һŤͷͿʼԵڶˣ׷Ҳȥ˲١Ĭһ˲ûҪҴˡ
ȾҲʲô¡
һ꣬һˣһˣ֮󣬻ǲǸ˵ʲôˣ
ǡش
ü˵ʲô
˵ֻҪȰϽ㽫ĸӳؽӻҸ߹ٺ»ȫ̹ϡ
һӳؽӻпܣڸ߹ٺ»Ѳɷ
ġ
۵һ˿мˣȵղȥһ̼ĹأڳȻ󲨣ֻ֮ܲ漰õɷǲ
Ĭ
һ£οס֣ôģ
ǲ̬ܰȡǰ䵽ʲô³κ˶صޡ
ĿǲΪˣĽӻظĸοΨһĻᡣ
ɫĿ򳵴⣬֮Żģлᡣ
лᣬڳһգҪһմĥТ˳Ҳ֪ĵ׻ܶĥ
ĬãſڣִӻǵĻʵҲǡ
ҲӦϽģĮĿҸ֪Щֻǲκ£Ҫʲô
֪ҲûϽæҵ˼ǣӻǣûа취ֻⷨЩˣһӦ
üʲôӣ
ʮٳȻʻĻϣÿٳͺȥȥͣ˳뷨ӽ㸸ĸؾ顣
Ŀ֮ˣ뿪ء
˲УȴǿԵġգһ۾
һ£µ˼ǣ
թ˵֡
ʱ˵ˡ
Ϊ֮Ǳ뿪أ쵽ʱųȥϢȽǴȥϵ˽լȵպΪƽˣǻؾΣѯʡ
Ĭãһֱǲˡ
ɽжִúܣ̵ԲֱӽǴߣȹȥȰȰʵмƻ
΢΢ףҲãϣı⣬˵Żթһ˵۾ȷǣ
ûлֱѰͬͬʬ壬ڷһѻ˱ɣ֪Խ٣й¶ĿܲԽСֱӵ
ɨһۣ磿
ǰ㲻֪ʱõ飬Դȥ˳أûмˣһȻûЩȴûϵһֱϵͬǰһҪãȻġ
˶ǻģǿȷ㣿һ䡣
üȻ
ǰ䵽ǰ㾳أҲûԮ֡
Ĭһ˲Ŷ
ͬ㲢ǰҪá㡣
ü˼ǣæ
Ȱø״Ӧ£ʣµıˣõѰһƫƧסʵнļƻɡ
˵ͷ˵Ǿôˡ
ĿǰҪĵһ£ûѡȥף٣üͷ΢ϲͬسܣǲͬȥġ
û£ǲǻôڻָܴõɾͽء
һ£ƽĿգһ۾ʾĳһ΢Ц
պԳڹС
Ҫȥأü
¹򣺡ĸڳнһ꣬ǣ뵽ٳ϶ȥ٣ֻУȥһΣ֮󣬶ΪϸͿء
΢У˼ǣԸˣ
Ը⣬óȥ
ŶĿΣŻͻȻӦУʽǻɡ
򴽣һʱû˵ż˹ִ֪ĸԸ£һ˱ȥˡ
ųĬãŻڵ޻δѡýǰȥٵѡɴûʽȥˣҲ˳µС
лϡ΢΢
ĿĴﵽˣֱ뿪ˣӹûֱӻؼңȥһмڵǳӺȥһű㿴ŸƻС
һǰôˣ
Ҳ޹Ŀ
üƻߣôⶫ
Ҳ֪ˣЦЦȿϵֽʱʱ۾һӣ
۵һ˿Ц⣺ٹ£ӵζûˣԳ⼸ҪЩ˵һ£֮ǰȿɡ
ΪҪ򣿡⡣
۵һ˿ǣѵûôԼպܲԾ
һ£𣿡
أʡ
ѾСƻ˾ȷʵԾʳԾȻͬԽԽƻϳˡ
д򿴿ɣʲôü
Ӧˣȥдʱ򣬲Ծֳס˷

 120 

ȥҴ, ǳȥãºһ߰һߵȡ
ǰӶģҲûж, 浽Լʱ, ŷһҲףѾڵӺú, ûģָ׺, Ҳд򿪵˼
ֻͲͷ, Ȼֲ׷, ھʱ, ƺˣʱ۾һ
, ﲻ𣿡Ʒɱ
ӽؽţֻƽѣãҰӡ
Ŷ, ã£һ߰һ, ÿ³ƽ, ⻹ӣôҪˣ
ЦЦûʲô, Ǿ⼸θڲԾ, Ҹһ¶, ˵ʱһֱŷƵ֣ӲǰԲ, ʱòУͲСЩ
Ѿ㹻СˣͷǲƤ̫ˣҵʱӡһ䣬ζ˶٣Сĵʣ³θڲԣб𣿡
˯Եö࣬ʲô⣿ʧЦ
ƺһۣźٺһЦҲõһ¶ûУȻô⣬ɾȴǼãһӹǾʮֿ
ɲǣҺءΪԵá
˵䣬ֽһӸˣǸ֮ǰһֱˣһ߳Իһ߰±𼱣ҿ϶ܰõġ
㲻׼ˣٰȥȫһ˳ˣĺһۣſһֱû˵磬
Ȼ𣬵ҪǵĶȴȤҲûôԹҪŪõ¶翪ɡȻĽܸܿһ
ˣǵɡĿһۣͻȻж಻
䣬ͷˣһȥӭǻˡ
ˣü
һۣһֱţܴʲô
Ϊڣ˵ţǣֵ¡
һͲˣ
ǾҡĿһۡ
ҪϣƱԱһ䣺ǰӡ

ԭˡζ
һ̧ͷһֱĴ򣺡һˡ
ǲ֮¡ǫѷ
֮ˣֱӽϣôΪ
ĹУһֱڼļϣƺҲһ仰ûУһһŴı飬˶ԵЩࡣ
֪Ȼϲ˵ԴȾ֮Ǳһֱӣ΢е紵ݶ㶼ŵòС
ڣ˵ֻθڲԣƽǻǵĵû˵ˡԽǵıԽú棬̲סЦһһЦʱüͷ
ôˣʲôطԣʡ
΢΢ҡͷδ꣬˵գƽ׼ȷ
û׼ЦˣʲôЦģװͰ͵
Ҳס
Ŷ
Цһͱ׳ίĿһ̧ͷͶͬĿ⡣
аɣˡ
ڼ㹻ʶ࣬ܿˣµǿ֮ǰƺһЩ
ǿ˻ôʡ
ЦЦ켸££үصǡ
ıŻЩЩɻб£
ûУӿܳꡣ
ʱˣȻӿΪλͻȻ˿ζϲĻ˶ôϲˣǹӲҶ֮ϲòС
ۿžҪģģżζҲʲô¡ο
գգ۾ɱԭĵʱҲû㻻ζ
̵ͷҿ֤
Цãûʲô£عڽš
ƻ˵һڵ˵ǣǿҪʲôҩ
û»ʲôҩһҩ֣Ϳʼˡ
Ƭ̣ÿҩʵǷĲ£ͽгЩڵĲˣ˵Щ
ʱһ
л򣬡˵꿴磬ʹȥ
ǡӦһȴʰúһͬ뿪ˡ
֮󣬷ƻֹҲû͵ͨΪλθڣҾҽҲ
бǵøŸˣ
ƲңæֺõЦҲֻǲ
һСǳЩеûģ㻹Ҫѧϰ˼δġ
û˵꣬ȥæʲôȥ
ȥ̫ҽΪһͷҲص

֮ﾲãƲ̽һ䣺δʲô
ûʲôޱ顣
һȥò̫ҽţһôԺʹˣɼûٷѹ
ˣҲֻٴ
У̫ҽ·ϣµһһϸ˵ˣ΢էһ֮ס
硢УʧУʶԼ̫źּæ졣
ü̫ҽֲǲ֪ӲС
²ǲУֻǼжѣ̫ҽο꣬õΪ°ŷֺ֢δΣ΢ľʱеĿܲ󡣡
һۣüʣǵǡ
ᣬӦ۹ȣ左ҪúЪϢʳı䣬ӦǿģүصģԽԽȣܶЩˮˣҲǺһ̫ҽش
̫ҽʹ˵ĶһͷŷȽ̫ҽҲߺ󣬼̲ѵˣһĴС֣˵õֻƽ˾õ˵Ժʹˣ֪ĻΪҲأ
ޣ¿ɱ˵æ
һѵǣ
Ҳֻǵĵ¡ǸͻȻǷ»ûιҵȥιˡ˵Ͻˣʱֻʣ¼
Ĭһ˲˳Ա߰ӣʶ࣬ûͬһʶˡ
һһιöû˵֪˶ãͻȻ̫ҽ˵ǲУһС
ôˣü
γʵش𣺡񡣡
ǲ͵ˣʧЦֻӰ죬ҲʼϲԵ嵭Щˣ䲻оϻ˵һԽñԽۿҲҪɻһˣһЩҲ
ü滺˵ǣҾͲѰˡ
ţһš˵ţҧһι˹ȥ
۵һ˿Ц⣬Ͷι
Ƭ̣ͻȻ𣺡ˣ°ˣ
ûɣӦþˣ빬һˡ
𴽽ǣΪҪЩû뵽ôͽ˵ˡ
˵ҿҪ˽һЩһۡ
Ƥһۣպֻɲ׼˵ˣһԴ׵ġ
Цˣ˭Ĵף
ǿɾ͸ˡһ˵꣬ԼҲûסЦˡ
ȥ󣬹Ȼûռž빬ˡ
ȥأü겻񲿵ĹԱȥôôóȥ
ʮ٣ٽͨԱȥδԵ̫ӡŻ
򴽣˵Ĵˣϼһʱδ̫ˣԵӣֱҸȥͳˣɲš
ǰ빬ʱŻͼͨˣ¼㿹ȥأŷ࣬Ȱ˵ʱҲģû˭Ȼʽȥˣԭھʱϲʽ㣬ʽȥȻǸ˵ġ
ɶǲô⣺ȥ˳غ󣬳ûˣȻǰֲҲˡ
ʽ㣬Ĵ֪˵ЩȻǻĵġ
ֻҶˣô֪ʡ
ҭһ£Ҳǡ֮¾ôˣ׼·ԶþС
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޵ĺûʽ㣬ЦŸһ棬˾󲻾·;ңԶʽ·Ȥͣ·ҲΪʽơ
˶٣æţһ᳼ͻȻɽҲڳأ׼ýһžۼա
ȻʽˣҪӦġźЦ
һŵĲͷǳлˡ
ϵЦҲǿڻʽϣҪлǾлʽˡ
ЦһǰȴϵЦЦ
Ϊѵõġѵܹ˸ţ֮Ŵӹȥ
һӵЩʣ¿鲻Ƿʲô£
ſһɵ˳Ϸݼ׾ӿЦÿλ̲סЦЦ
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Ҫȥأ۾һǷҲҪȥ
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һǲԼȥˣ̺ߺ֣вУһҪȥҶδˡ
Ҳʮ˼ѣôǣЦá
ƲδͲܵˣЩûٸͶǾûеϡȥˡ
ȥغ֡еĲ
ҭһ£Ͻ߽µľ壬̴£𣿡
Ҳȥü
ĬƬ̣ϴȥʱûȥ˵Ѱ˿Ϻõ˱
˵Ͳ˵ˣȴףȥʶһ£
氲ˣһ˲һһĿżְȥˣ͸ҡ
ǺôҲҳϵˣôûгϢ
ͷƶ˵ֻһĶ
ͷۣȥȥɣȥɡ
л¡
л£
鲻ĶһۣȻصк󣬱̴ҴһԼıԺ
ǰӼʱͿ˼Ҵҵߣһºʼôʲô
ȥʰˣҪһͬȥأס֣ĸ첲ԺߣʰˣǱ㲻ˡ
⣺ֲʲôõطôôڴ
ΪʲôǱ¡һ
һ£ü
ЦˣҿЦأǾȥһѡ
һ֣ġŶһβŲʣǸ죿
Ƣðѣԭھʱȷʵǹϵ˵ţ˱ص޷ֱӵˡ
£ͷƶϲλү򵥡
һСʲô򵥲򵥵ġ˵꣬ԼЦˡ
ɨһۣ̱㲻Ҫ˵ǰûҵ°ɣ
û˵
һȻ谮ɵֻ۶ʵȨûУ˵˸˼ҵүûʲô𣬰ﲻæҲģʱҰŻûȨ꼸ϵԶڳأ¸֪ʲô
˵ǡ
¶Ź֣ô䲻ûأ
ʧЦҸ㣬Ҳˣ
֪;񳰷һ
ЩΣͷûг
һֱнĻһ䣺ҵ֮ġ
šӦһ
Щ棺֮󣬿ȥĹǰݣ
ĹǱˣûȥ
ȥġ
Ǻźλûȥ㣿΢С
װûûаֻʡ
İɣȥ֮˻ϵжΪԱظû뾩еҲһֱ֪ԭͬ㽻á
ϸ룬ǵĹϵҲûôã˵꣬ЦסĲӣǧ밡ǹɴ׾ˡ
Ȼ²ҴףպͲҪܹˡĻҲŻˡ
ֺõЦɲΣĵıˡ
ģü
ֱӣָģģĵı㡣
ͬϽͬʱˮУ˭ʡ
ϽʲôҪڻ֮ˮ
ֻǴȷ΢΢
һ̾ȷãԵڶˣǻһ
ǻҺͷơܺ˵
룺绻磿
ΪΣ
һӾ˳㽫Ҳʡ⺵Ѽˮˡ
΢УѹϣԽԽ컬ˡ
ҪǼжʷ򣬱ûСգһ۾
ֻ壬ǲġ
һ£С
ΪΣ
Ʋ죺ۡ



 121 

˵, ֻýۡ
Ҳ밡̫ҽ˵úúý, ̾һ, ϾҪ·ˣһ߱ʮ, ½ֻʱˡ
ҽзƶ౸Щɽ֮ģ·ϸ㰾ˮȡ
Ӧһ, ˳Ļסĸ첲, ϴ, ۵һƬů⣺ĸԹԴ, ʮָˡ
ôһ벻ʮָ˻ʲôģ˵Įӣ
ƺҲ뵽, ǲɵĸ׿䣬ɴȴǼõģദ֪ˡ
ţİ, һúͬദġ۾һ˯ˡ
ȵĺβὫŵϡ
, óһͬΪףٵּ⡣
ʱ, һæ£Ѿʰ, ʲôʱ
ְҲʰˡһ䡣
̲ɨһۣٽһ, һ
ƶʱһ, ʶԼ̫ˣָϽ, ʵʵĵͷԷеɨһۣĳԷ
ûƣ̧ͷ֮Ҫȥֲֻ֣ˡ
²ؿ·;ңԶұҲûҪȥ֮Ц
ҲЦˣһոȰ£ȻûҪȥٺòˡ
䲻ȥɸү񣬻ҪΪȥ֮һ䡣
в˵һ٣ƽĸһ鶹
Ѷ˺ŵսңҵʱӹȥ
л¡֮л
ЦЦҪ˵ʱС˾䣺綼ˣҺǲҲҪһݣ
Ѿ׼ˣûƵİоʮõĸ㡣
׼Ϊû˵һ𾪣úҶ಻һ
㱾Ͳ¡絭
㣡ƸҪŭ뵽ʲôƽˣҲͬһʶҾȥܱĺá
һһĶ죬ЦеţһΪģ
ĬƬͻȻڣ£ܸʢ𣿡
һ£ʢ
ţֱߡ
ԼֱߵЦˣúúãҸʢ
Ĵ΢л¡
ע⵽ߵĶЩˣүôʹ£
Լ
һǿһŵô죿˵ŻѾʢˣֻܲһ䣬ҪʲôҾˣҸŪ
ҪˮײˡҪˡ
ԹĿʼˣһæҲûĻˣ㾲֮ǹЦÿ͸һеһۺɵֻǶ΢΢졣
үˣ֮ƱҾүһ
˵򶨾ٱ
һĪôͻȻٱˣ
Ҫһ𣿡֮Цʡ
İڰ֣Ҫҽջ嵭ĳԵ̫ˣһζŲá
ǵ¶Щ˵꣬ԼеĿˮײ˷ָ
յʱգۼܿ㵽еϣΪ£Ϊһ򵥵ķ٣ֻ˼Ϊ׺
žﲻʩԼһ̫ˣһƶûС
ŭôûƣô⣬ƽô綼УɽҪ·ˣ̫λ㲻
ү˵ǣܽˡһ
۵һЦ⣺
ҲЦˣʱˣЩ˶ڵȣǸϽȥɡ
áӦһִ֣ʱɨױ̨壬˶ٺ£ɡ
ʲô壿ãȻ̧ͷȻ벻ˡ
ȡãˣϴŪ壬ƽ׹
Ȼ˵ǻ͵ǿ鰡ðҽʵ̫أҲ
ЦһԼϣһ˼ϣһġ
ɡЦõĿһۣȴ˿˿ĸо
ﵢ˻׼׵㼱Ҵҵĳˣ֮Ѿͷˣڴſڵţ֮ͷ˵ˣ㽫еӽƣһͬȥ
׼׵ˣʡ
ǣ
׼׵Ƹ˵
ЦĺһۣôððʧʧģͲȥˡ
ƸϽסһ仰Ҳ˵ˣ֮еСӽƣǰԼظŰ¿ǧҪģҪү磬Ҫһܡ
İɣҲġЦ
֮ͷֿɫжһ֣أչ˺õ¡
ģڡ
Ĭһ˲ôãǺйأ
Ҫ˵Ļ֮
Ҳ΢΢üû
˵˰ɡ
ֶ֮һЩ·ʱעˣ˸һȥƱȥһеӡ
ҲԴ֮ģ
ǰҷˣ˵ҿģڴĿǴ򿪿ɡ
ð򿪿ʲôö㽻֮ٸҪһ
ɨһۣͳȥ񣬾ͱҪˡ
û£Ե¿ɺˣ϶⻹ġƺٺһЦ
ޱ飺Ŷ
ڶĳ̫˽⣬ֱҺã
ǿ϶ûаҲүԵˣҶԵ¶á
ȻͦⷽŵһģദһˣǲС
̱ȡˣɨ˶һۣҪװʲô򿪰ɡ
ϣӦһͳԿ׽ӴˣȻͿһ˶飬ʱȵô飬󷽡
ǰֵǮﴽڳһ꣬Ŀ֮񶼺üˣÿζִˣģҲġ
Ϊү˼˰һҲˣ֮ûͬҲ˷ܡ
Ҳ˽֮ϰߣǴͲȤˣƾ̾㽫Сãŵµİܳȥˣʱֻʣ¼
һߣûͷһϣθпһ䣺ǶԵģ·Ĳܴ̫Σɾˡ
ˣЦʡ
۾ãǲо񡣡
ȷʵʺϳԶţ˵򴽣ΪңҲᡭ
סȥΪ˿ţôΪ㣿۾ɴĴĻ
ﴽ˵ǡ
Ҳɻɣ̫æûôϢ˵ţͷŲŲһ˵λá
˳ӵ£ɺԼУҲ˳ƽ˱ס
˯ɡ˵һ䣬ܿ˯ˡ
˯ⶼޣֻǰţĺ󱳡湻˱ƿһǣ龰æϣͬһȥˡ
˯˽һʱѣۣ֮һó
ףٵĳӲͣĳųصķ·ǰڻվһһЪԽǰվԽ٣ֻһЪɴҰˡԸ˼˵ɫ̫ãҪ˵ĸо
סĲҲˣԽأܾԽ࣬ףٵĳǶԣͬһֵ÷յķ⣬ʱʱһڣֻҹţƬ̲ðЪ
ЩȻҪҲӵģ֪ڶıӲǣֻż͵Ϯͻ
˴˵ʱ˶ΪƣۡɫҲԭȾ֪صţȴû뵽ѾŵȵزʼҵĲ񶼸ҽ٣ǲҪˡ
ղŵأ⼸͵ϮڽʿЪϢѾ۵һ̶ˣȣ»Ųס۵׷ź࣬նЩڸ·ͺķ񣬼϶͵ϮƬ̶и
ѾȥţҪɾ֧ԮʵڲоԭذӪأȴԮ
ڶ࣬˭Ҳܱ֤µ˳Ȼܱ֤Ǿ͵ذӪδ̫ˣķӰɣο±𼱣꾩ף٣ɴδ˵񱻽֮£ҸоĹԱʡ
һе񲿹Ա𣬼æү˵ǣȷʵӡ
ʲô취ǰô˵ü
·Ҳ㣬ףٵĳӶᱸӽǣһֻҪһܣܾͲҲƲˡ񲿹ԱС
ǰ˵ģֻǰλûڣʱ˴ˣ˵˾ԵЩСˣͽǼʱ㿪ڡ
Ȼˣ˼ǣǻҪЩϹ
΢ûǸ˼ֻֻǡҲˣܲⱣ֮䶼ͨǲôºֻԽԽǰ񲿹Աæ
һˣսô꣬˵ĴҲñͶܾҪˣ
˵һ£̧ͷأô룿
¡۾ֻһ㲻˵ˡ
ҧҲģãҾ͵ĳһ뷨磬أ
ְµġ̵ϥ¡
£ʱֹ𡣡Ŀ
ֽ߬ȭָۣն㲲ٵıʿǣͻȻжһ
Ĭú񲿹Աأ
ص£ͷϡ񲿹Աæ
ȻѾ֪θܴ򽻵Ǿôɡ
ǡ񲿹ԱӦʵһ
ߣҪȴֱǰ߹ڰսһ˲ջء
񲿹Աȥæˣվβſڣܴͣ衣
һۣʲôû˵ȥѰˡ
ˣż۾ʡ
ޱ飺Լǰ֪ܲⱣȴûд䵽ֵز
ӱʮ겻οס֡
һ£Ī˵ʮ꣬һҶȲˡ
ǾٵȼգĴߣܾ챨𡣡
΢βŵš
Ѿͨˣû˵ʲôֻǰοߡ
֮·һٴܣһ˺ˣ񲿼Աǰ档
ƿһ⿴ֻ۾Ҫըˣ㿴㿴ʲôӣ佫ǰĳǰȥ棬ݳûˣ
Ϣŭε
ŭʣҪôϢŭⱲӶûܹί
±ˣȡԺлˣٴ˻ɱǸƬײСİο
ˡ
Ǳߺܿ콻ϣֱװӵҪߣ߳ûԶһŮӵļУһ´ȥۼֿñص˲Ϊס
վס
δ䣬ܷǰཫʿҲ鵶ܣһʱնˡ
ǿķ򣬷۾𣺡˭
˳»£ŭ
׶һ£˶һۺЦöʱͨ졣
ԭǴĳ£飬ˡǻ
ٷϻץʲôˣˡ
ץŮƺ˸ѣ˺ѷεĿޣ
ȴ·ûһ㣺ˣʲôˣ˰
һڣҲŴЦյֽ˽ҲޱĽק£סв
ޱ飺˵һ飬˸ҷˣԸ
ǿɲУѹկ˵ģ·ҪҷˡҲԣһŮˡ
Ա˸ͣûϴһţ
һò
ǵĻû˵꣬ͻȻһ˲һֻϹ۾ͬʱһ֧Ҳӱ䴩Դ
۾ͨһϵȥ֪ԼôġһʱûӦŻˣŸͷ׵æһԮ쳷
Ȼ粢ûиǻᣬһˣŭһɱ
ɱ
ʿһȥûһغϽԶһսźɫ׵˱ʱ˹ɱܡ
硣𴽽ǣ۾һգգĶˡ
һ£̧ͷǸˣֻɱʱɾּΪýҪüĿӢͦ⣬òڡ
ǡ
Ǻܿ㱻ʰˣһɱʱᣬͬʱ½ȻЦų
ſ˫ۺ΢УҪһ˲ǰһֱӱ˻
磺
һμ棬үûҪô顣
磺


 122 

һ˲, ϵЦԱ۰Ͱ͵ķƴкƣδ, 㶼ô
ǰ, Ҷʮˣƿ˷, ҸȻû, Ҳ
, ȵһúÿһ¡Ц, ˵껰Թ, ֱӿλǣ
ҵһ߽, һϰߵס䡣
ɨһۣۿǻ磬ӣԭ, Ǿ
Īǵүңѯʡ
ЦҵУӲˣʶ, Ϊ㸸ĸס, Ǿͬ㡣
ĸϢһ£лүԼҸĸϡ
С, ˭Ըء˵Ż, ߴδ뿪
ɫĵסߣ»лү, ҲΪңԺϸҵлǡ
ǵȵ˳, үҺȶپƺˡ纬Ц
Ĭһ˲үԷɡ
Էû˼ȾƲȤ糯գһۣǲǰ
ɱѾˣǳԷɡ֪ܺȾƣֱӸܾˡ
粻ϴŻ˵лҪҺȾƣôͻȻˣǹô˵ҵİɣ
ǲ̫ࡣбһۡ
һֱԱڿԲˣ½ӲʣĲܺȾˡ
㲻üͷʱǻֹܳطʲôѹַҾɫ̫á
˵űȥ̽ĶͷһûжҪʱִ缫õջ֣̣Ӧûȣﲻ𣿡
۵һ˿ãȴû¶֡
ɫΪ۳Ͷ٣ȽϢգӦþܺˡŵģε
һǸϽɣЩңҲЩЪϢ
˵ˣͻӺ󴽽ѵһ㻡ȣԵûƽôˣ£ŵĹ̫ҽˣ˵Сˣأʱ̫ҽİ裬ֻȥˡ
вݣüʡ
ףǸũŮ˳··ֱӽͻȥá
Ǳ˰ɣ򴽣Ѿ׵͸ϽɣЪҲЪɴ·
ǣӦһ£һֱŵ쵽ǰү塣
մѪ壬лӹȥת뿪
չȥһۣʱòУմǻ쵰Ѫ붼࣬Ҫ˰ɡ
µһԣôˡʧЦ
΢ϺͼɨһȦ۵һ˿Į
ЦãضʯʱõģٸһԾǡ
ǰү˰ɣɶԵضǣαظ̫壬˵ɫͬǿƣСЩδСˡ粻
ʱˡ
Ǹһ㻡ȣ峺Ŀ磺ʵɻүһиɡ
û뵽ֱ˵ʱѾˡ΢΢һ漴۾Ѱϣôس룿
үҪ־͹Ұɣҹϲǿ񣬵᲻þܾң㽻ɹһһģ۵׾ů⣬˵һʱĿ˼һۣ֪¶ûеߣȴҪҹˡ
ôǵãʱΪˤ˲Ŵأ
үʵڲˣʱһүЦ
䵭ĿһۣˣҼȻ͸ˣôþôã˵εĿż˭û취ء
ıһ֣ͻȻĬ
ʶԾһµ˳˵Ǹóˡ˵վһ
̿磺һ𣿡
á
ºôŮӣͬйô£ϻ磬ͬĿƣеĶĳͬ²ͣǻؾεһ
ԸϽԻǻˣɣҲͬһ·ϻܶ˵˵
һ˲ֶԷЦãδˣ·Ͼһͬ˵˵ɡ
۵һ˿мֱתһȥ㱧ס˼
ôˣʧЦ
ƣͻȻ
Ϊʲôסļĺ󱳡
һȱǼ⾡ϵζ󣬲ŵ˵һ䣺Ϊ̫ãҲ˿
˵ˣòǻɣü
Ĭһ˲ǡ
˵ʲôãЦãҺֻѣǼδѣѵĴ׶ԣ
ã
СʱڽеģƢͬ˵ôˣܲ˼Ҹİɣһ㣬ǵףپˡ
ĬƬ̣ҡ
ô壿̲סЦˡ
˼Ƭ̣˵ԼĴһĲȥѵˮһǽı㻺ˡ
бһֱۣЪţᣬࡣ
š˿ֻ˳˵èʲôʲô
ǡõİĦ˯ȥʱѾˣԱߣҲ֪ʲôʱѵġ
ͣˣ˸Ƿʡ
ӦһˣܲϮýʿǳʱϢʱ֮һء
۾ע⵽۵׵ĺ࣬˶ٺʣû˯
вһվܼˣ˯š̹ϵ
üҲһֱţ˯
û£Ҳ˯⡣
ɷ˵ĽϣϽ˯
εĿһۣΪֲǱ۾ƽʱԼ˯һĺ󱳣ߣһֱԼİ£ǲܿƵ˯ˡ
˯ź󲻾ã͵رƿűǻ˳
ꡣϽ
翴ľһ˲ŷ··һ˾еĿףҸ㿾ף𣿡
ȳ԰ɣû˯ãѹ
绹˵ʲôһԸĵӣڨڨ˵˾䣺Ҹţ㾡ԡ
ܵĵ˵ͷϽʾ뿪ˣֻ뿪ָ֮Ĵ΢΢һ㻡ȣֺܿȥ
һʵǶ˲Сǰ㿴ͷ鼫õĳ֡Ц˹ȥһǣҵأ
ˣҾ͸ˣԣٸ㿾˵ţˡ
æ££ˣ׶üá
Ҳúãôûң˵Ż˹
һܣ˴ٽ䣬̧ͷ磺վµĹס˴
űְѾ˽ͻˣ˵һ£ߵʱһֱڿޣƺȥ
üΪΣ
ǴӾϮû»´Σʱпܱ°ߡش
ɫõŤͷ磺˴ȻδأҲĹϽ֮أʮΪܻ˲Ᵽ
ʮʮر߹أǴܵģȵʱ׼ҵܣɵһǻҵǻñ̾ۿΪ㵱ҵΣ
Ǿûͬ˵ʡ
翴ǻ᲻˵ɻϲŰ
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ҾͲˣͼһĸͬΪôࣿ淢ʡ
Цһ⻰Ҳ˵
ûˡҲЦ
һۣϵЦЩΪʲôûУԲʲôɡ
ΪԼףǸλΪˣʵյ£˭ҪĻλҲ˲κһλȨصĳӡ
ͦɱġ
ƽĿŻ磺ȻñҲ÷βܣҪķӲǡ
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۵һ˿⣬Ҫʱ˿ͷ˹ȥ˭󴽽𣺡ôôˣ
£㲻ڣҾ˯š
үֲСô˯ҲҪţЦſڣЦȴ۵ס
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·ֻ˵һѰĻ˵ҷŹʱ򣬱һֱŵ׵Ľ㡣
쿾ˣȻϽԣȥ˯֪𣿡æ
һ˯
ţ㡣ε
⡣
ޱɿֲ׵Ĺһ˲ױ˻ѣ̼սˡ
ѽϽǳæ
翴һۣûãѾˡ
ǸˡΪεĿڡ
ƸϽοûû£Ϊºɡ
̫鷳ˣԸɣ飬ҿһЩӣҸ¿˳ԣ
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㰡¿ˮ
һۣԵĻԼ
ʲôѵģҲᡣƲĺһͿʼ
ڵıһֱιߣ
ſҧסˣϸϸƷһںޣóԣʲôóԡ
ˡʧЦ
˼ںƾܣҲԡ
ҿ³Ծͺáһֱ
üɣҲԡ˵һСֱӵݵߣֻó¡
ĲӣƺȴʮֵȻڼʱҲټ⸱紹ŻԽԽСʲô鶼ûС
һʳ꣬ȥϢˣҲΪƣ룬˸Զĵطȥ˯ˣԶʱֻʣ·ƺͻˡ
Ȼյò󣬿ȣԱҲǹܵģƿ˼󣬳׵ķˣĨ˰ѺԻ̫ˣȥ𴦰ɡ
αô鷳ˡ˵ţֱˮ˻
ЦһȵӶˣȻһ㶼û뵽
ܵЦЦһ䣺ĸܺã
ǳã»˵ҪΪһӶ̷ˡ
˶٣˵ˣ
һƭ㲻ɣЦ
ĬƬ̣ռͲò
ΪҪã˶ԵºãҸ˻أӲ˲㲻֪Ϊ˵°֮ǾǼżɡԵ춨ûܲǵĸ顣
ǿɲһ˶ǻģ綢Ѿ׽Ļѣϲɣ˭֪ʲôʱᷳء
⻰ֵֹģɵüͷô˵˼ҷ޲ģ
ûǸ˼ֻ˵˵ѣʧЦˣ㲻˵˳ȥ𣿵ȵ֮ǱȥΣ
ð̴Ӧ
ܹȥˣûļ£ֻǵһֱˡ
Ъһ󣬳ӱˣһնĸ·賿ʱ˳ء
Ϊʱ컹δسŲܿһ˱ڳţϣ֪ǲǸ·ʱ̫ˣˣ˶Щ᲻
˯ɣܽЪϢˡ
Ҷˡ
ȥҷҪһ¡˵꣬ȥҷˡ
ΪҪǣûٰӪկ˶ҵطϢһȦûҵƣһˡ
үкתҪߡ
絭ڣү
ͣ½ŲһƽĿкָ̡
ĳĬ֮󣬻绺ڣס
˵ɫǳ
綨ĿΣ΢΢𣺡˵Ϊ̷չһӣΣ
Ƭ̣ҲӦأ
һֱӦÿնϸϣȷӦʡ
۵׷һ˿⣺вң
вҪΪﾡТƺƶӦ͸ڱصá
γĬãǰһҲģ̷ֻɣȻΨһүҲκвͬģҲ꣬˵ǲ
ãҵܰסĹͣĻ
ɫʱѿˣʲô˼
۵һ˿ҵȥһ£ȷʵǵ°ĲҲֻΪΪ㣬ǲԸõֱǣҲҾܾ
ִⲻϣҵӦ˪ɱˣҵӵĶӡ
ƤɨһۣݳĹء
üΪͻȻ˵
紫ǰӣΪҪΪӣеĲһĵʡ
˫͵ȭҲ
̸㻹񡣡˵ת뿪ҵҪ˸󣬾ֱӻ
ôôԺʡ
գæźٻȥˡ
ţ
鲻ĶͷһĪ۾


 123 

ȫˣʲôٻ
𴽽ǣû, Ը˵ţһ͵ߡ
ɻĿһۣѱ, ָӲ, ȻССһιǵ÷Ľö¡
Сһĳ, ۵׶ʱӯЦ⣺ٳԵ㣬Ƚ֮ٳЩȺġ
˵Ҳ֪, ¶˯, ҲŲЩռӵĶ, һŬ, һߺĻش𣬡, ֮Ҫһˣµ÷Щʱ㵽ʱȥɡ
ͷҲһʱ㽫˳, һͬȥݼ
һ£ȥɣԺȥ
üͷ΢ˣ
ǰ̹Ȼϡ
ʧЦַûԭܸ첱Ӵ, ôˣ
һԭͬΪ, ǸΪӪУͻȻϱ, ƽױһءƲֹһ䡣
ü˼, ƺǲ
ĸҲŶ, ôõĶӸңҸмءֺá
Ĭһ˲Ҿ⻰ռұˡ
ҪЩϸ, ֻȥѰǣȻǰ˵ҵĺûһֱ˵ҹȥã˵˵ţֿʼǰÿζ첱Ӵ֣һֱ㣬϶ˣҲ֪ڿ䣬ܲϲһ㡣
Ϊֵﻶķǣú󻺻ϲ㡣
ţ
ڳһֱϲ㡣
ʧЦٻңֲɵǰͲǼҽüȮˣôϲ
û㣬ﴽΪԭھʱұǿ㣬֪㱾ΣȻϲġ
㶣ǰأ
󣿡ס͸㣬һμʱˣ㵱ҵĻǶԷ磿
ûûûҾƺˣһ£ľҧһڱȻ͵͵Ц
ЦõĿֳں㽫ˣϣӼһ庢һ˯Сܼˡ
з

ı۾ļܿ˯ȥ
һʱſˣѵڳеЯӭЦ¶ôãҲ˿ӰĻҷ緶
¡ЦǺǰҪݡ
̷סүɷˣ
΢ңֻǵ󣬸е΢Ҫеġӣ֮վֱˡ
ЦүٵģٳڼǲΪ󡣡
Ҳң˵Цˣæƾ˵꿴λ¾үˣȻһ˲š
ǫѷͷҸĸ߶ţүˣڴл
ҲһˣүĪҪ񡣡е
ԱɫõĻ磬ֶһл䣬㽫һ֮ͨ󣬼ŻЩһ·ʵ࣬Ƚǰͬүɡ
ðվѾʰãֱӴȥٱɡ̵
ףǱҲȹȥ
ҪסվδڣһֱĬĻһ˵ˣǹˣôסվסɣҲڣܶദһʱա
µıͬĸ棬˵ദˣοҪ˼ɱģܾ̾ˣүڼжȻæýȥˣҪæңԻǲȥˡ
ȥ΢˻ôңȥסɡȰ˵
ȴʮּˣȥվá
Ȱһˣһ·סĶվҲѾϰߣǻ˱𴦣ǻϢá
˼Ȳվüʡ
һڣͳˣ񡣡
ǡֻܲ˵ˡ
΢ЩˣЦһ̧ͷѰʱү˵ҲҪסУδ̫ˣʵǲ󷽱㡣
ĳЩ˿ɶǼŵߣѾףŲصͬͲӵĻ罻Ҳ޷סǾͲһˣ˵õĲǻ磬
ɲƽױŲ¼ɣʱֳʲô۶ӣʵ鷳ᡣ
ôһ˵İʾʱһŰյ΢ͿˣȷʵӦסվлѡ
һͬסվˣĿǳĿ˻һۣıЩûбס
ү׾ͺãʱˣүӭҲӭˣȸɢȥʱȥ߶š첻ʱеڱûˣ˿ֶֻϽ
ǣǵ¿ȥЪϢ΢Ͳˡ
ֿ䣬ͬһͬվȥˡ
ȥ·ϣСĵ㲻ɣ
Ҫӣʲôģʡ
Цˣͬ˴򽻵Ǻãýʲô
ȻҪȥ罫ӵվɣҲҾЩТڡ
һӡӹ
ԣʣЦˣֲǶޣʲô
¡ˣӹסհɣǸ̵úúȰȰ뿪ʱô죿İ
Ĭһ˲ģǵñǰô
ŶգգۣԼǸøĸĳƺɽϰˡ
˵㵽վȰѾˣݵһͬһȥ֮󣬼ȥͬ棬ȥԺҸĸˡ
УЦͬ˵ŻԱ߻㣬ʱʱͬ˵䡣ֿǸЦһԭһʱ򣬻ûӸߣҲôȥˣΪֲ֮δˡ
ͬˣôҲᵭġЦ¶İ
ʱ֣ôֱС
ϲġ̵
ϲҲôУ̫ʧˡѵһ䡣
ֻһԴԲôˣҲϰˣү⡣
ûУԼˡ
Цã΢ӣǱ߻ˡ
ӣܳЩҲЦ
ЦЦͻȻ̾˵µҪѡʱ˵½Ҳѡˣ˵ò֪ǺãҲֻ˵컯Ū˰
˵Щʲô粻õüͷȴǺһ֡
һ£û뵽ͬԼ֮⡣ǼŲɽŵĶӣȻؽ֮ãʵڽ⡣
ҰĲС
Ƭ̺ЦҲҿû򱾹ռүˡ
ŶΪΣ档
̾ǰǳߣүӦ˵˰ɣ
˵ˣ½üһ֮аգʵڽά
ЦһȻү˵ˣҲ֪Ⱦߵ¡
Ѿȫ𣿡ü
ףǺȫˣϧҲ˲Դ˲С
һ£󾪣ô
ҿûѡ磬򱾹治֪θүһݵģ
㶰Σųʣǰôûң
Ůб𣬡ʧЦЩʲô
򴽣㲻˵ˡ
˰κ󣬲ź̾ºúõ˵õġ
֪֮٣үΪܡЦ
֣Щ·ģ΢鷳
΢΢ףһͷɫŵˣ˻δţҪȥˡ
롣ͻæһֱ͵ɽڵıԺſڲͣ¡ĿͼԺӣŤͷԻԭţȻԸ⣬̷Ҳԣһȴû취ˡ
ΪΣΪע޷»ҵã۵һ˿²δĵûлҵѪӦúʧɡ
ı˺˵
֮ܲҶˣ㲻ȰдǴڽӴܲڶϡ粻ͷ˵ֱ꣬תˡ
ˣȴǲκֻص̾뿪˱Ժ
߼һ˽˱ԺߵſڣɽŭⶼʲôʱˣȻûǷ򸾷С
һüɴͣ˽Ų
½ճأæʱ򣬳һҲûʲô˵
ҲڣӦþ͵ˡ
һվߣ˲䲻ˣһ˽ȥ
һˣӭˣ
šЦӦһΪŵߵߣСĵľһ򸣣š
˱鵭ģȴůģס˼֣ʲôţԺ洨
󷽵Ļһ
˴΢ã¡
ʲôôһˣϹɽӵĪֻûе
Ҳķأ
ʲô˼ңɽۡ
бһۣҿҲôңͦãةʯ֮缫ΪȣһʱŵͷүӻʵǷʰ
ĵ
ôΪŵƣ˵ʶڰĬһ˲ӲĿˣ¶һεЦ
˵ĵ˵ͷˡ
ο֣Ϊ˵гϰߣѾĿӦõģʲôûĿҲûʲôġ
СӾȻɽŭĿˣ˵ƫƫںˣȢϱˣ
ûͬҶ죬ôƽĿ
ɽҭһ£һͬģҸʲô𣿡
û뵽һһͬġʣȻǴɽģܳɽ˸ĸӰ졣һð뷨ʱûٸɽŸɵ뷨ˡ
ɽڱԹɽʲôȻȢĶϱţǰϲײң¸Ǳ䱾ҿٹ˼գҾҪ
ԹԵĽһ
ɽ˲俨ǣ΢Ķͷȷûպŷġ
ɽڷ㶣ûϱ㣿㱸ļأ
Ҳû񣬡ɽŲ˵꣬ͳһӡ£Ͼֻȥɡ
գգۣӡ½ӹ۲Ƭ̺ϿҵȱǮ𣿡
ʲô˼
ü͵洫ôһľͷ£
ʲôľͷ£ҵ˽£ɽըˣҪͷʶ̣ͿЦ۾ˣһºգģ
ҾǸЦһȷҪ𣿡
ȻǴ֮ڳеӰȴǸٹ̣˽£պҪĳЩʲôֱ׾١
ɽȻҲ֪öµҪԣһ㻹Ÿɻ£
뷨һ档
ɽĬƬ̣ޱĳ֣ҷˣңٸġ
ĶҪȥġ˵ţϽ
ɽһҲû׷ҪˣҲǿҸǸһӣϿϱ֪𣿡
ѹֱͬ˵ӿɺЩˣ
൱죬˿û¸һɬ۵һ˿Ц⡣
ףѾöˣʹˡ
û¾ͺãȻЩˣҲҪ⣬СŲǡ
ҲһԸֻͣɽһֱ˱вˮˣȴǻʱϡ
һĿƬ̣һͬȥվסյ£ɽҲľܾˣȥ鷳
ȥסգãʲô鷳ģʡ
ɽһۣҲͬһס𣿡
ò¼յͬŰɡü
ɽۣЩ˵Сһ붼ҵʲôµģ
ˣϿǵһ㣬Ķͬ㲻ģбһۣǲ㣬ǵҲء
ɽʱĬˣƬ֮Ǿ͸ȥˣʶʲôˣʲôȥġ
¶֪꣬жŤô˵ʱûа취ˣֻĿ
ĬƬ̣ȳȥҸ˵䡣
ãǿЩӦÿˡһ䣬˳ȥˡ
ֻʣ˺ɽЩͷ֪Ȱң治ˡ
治ȥ
Ҳȥɽ˵ָϽһ䣬Ҳ׼ȥһģŲС
ȥ
ɽһû£Ϊµġ
ξ˺ܾãִⲻȥҺֻˡ
Ǿɽбһۣ͸ЩСǨǲǡ
Сү磬һֱĽƺ̷򡣡һ䡣
ɽ
ȥվס𣿡ʡ
ɽȥ


 124 

ӻ˵, վڷ£˶ӺļһֺõЦ, ֮㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҳڵʱ, ú˵ദͦڣ浱ֻʣʱ, ֿʼˣһƵᡢʲôںģ, Ķ֪Ӻ
ʾ֭뻰ʱ, ˱Ѿˣ֮δϢɣ
, ûüæش
, ˱ģȻǰûô˵ɲ㹫Ǵ, ÿλظ˵ı㣬Ҷ㻹˽⡣
Ƕ˵ʲôˣϽʡ
룺˵ģ޷һЩ£ճʲô, ʲô£˵ʲô㹫˾, ǲĻ
ʵô̹ϵġ
Ĭһ˲, ѿڣʵҲ˵ġ
ǿ˼Ľ, ŬԼЩҺܺദ
ôͻȻ˵Щˣ
Ҳûô, 㲻̫, ˵룬ֲһ, ģңҲҡ
һ£ϸϸĴˣüȷʵΪٿǲ̲סЦһȷʵú񡣡
Ȼ´Ҳҡͻ
Ƭ̣ŷһֱŬԼͷ⣬ȻӣЧôԣݺദľ飬һ۾Ϳˡ
һŸҲʧ˼ЦЦûеš
Ϊνţɻ
򴽣СС˵һ䣺ϲҡ
ţ
շ죺ة඼ҪˣǲϲңһΪѣҡҲΪѣû취ֺʵ֤ҶˣͨҲܺá
˵Ĵ΢΢𣺡Һϲ㡣
ţллм
룬ֿڵһ⣬Ȼǲϲ㣬ΪλҪܣ
ҾûסСֹһ䣬Һةÿμ涼̣ղűҲֺģһ͸ˡģҺ͵ȻƢԶϣҲǳɢ˸ġ
֪ϲ㡣˺Ц
ԣʱЩ˼ˣûڻؾ仰ɽſڴ˭ϲˣľѾͷ
ס۵ĳ嶯Ťͷ¶һЦ
ֺҲûãҵţ͵öҵģҾͲϱûУɽЦһ
İۻǷˣҪʱͻȻע⵽ʾ⣬һºŤͷ˻ҡ
ˣ
ɽ
ͥԺﾲƬ̺ɽըˣƤǲ̫ˣʶҷ˶ã͸ˣǲҺǼʮޡ
ôϱ˵ģü΢΢䣬ôˣΪϲ𡣡
ɽһ£𾪵۾
˵ĸ첲װίҶˣԺҲˣ㲻Ҫ
ǡɽ˵һ룬ע⵽Լҷ˵󣬵ߵĻȥҴһһ䣬ԽԽͻˡ
аɵҵסɽķͻȻʹɽߺߵŤͷʱֺõĻ˻ˡ
˶һ£ɿԼ֮󣬲̧ŲͥԺſߡߣ΢һºʣôˣ
ûʲô˷ܵ˵һ䡣
ĬƬ̣æҵ⣬ҲҵĻŻ
⣿üչˣ⣬ǾҲ
ס䣬ͣ
˿ע⵽۵׵Ǻ˶٣ôˣ
ܺãϣΪС¾Ͳϲü
˾˾˭˵Ҳϲˣ
šüоǡ
˿һۣҲ˵ʵǲǾҪһֱˣ
֪ôġ̹ϵ
ƵĸƬ̣˵İͷŤȥƽǰǰһֱãֶŮûʲô𣬿ɷʱҲŷԼˡ
̧ߣһ䣺͸ģ㻻˵ҲһºϥȤ

ĬʱѾͼǻˣһԼûϣܻѰվԺſڷ㻽һô
񣬿ż޹ͻȻĸΪʲôô˵ˡҪСѵĶӺóƯŮ֮ѡ϶Ҳѡߡ
ɵվʲôѽ֡
΢ֳȥ
һĿںһͬ˲ͣûЪϢվȥˣһֱصУźǲôôҪˣ
Ŷ˵ദ
һһţ
ʵͬǶദģֻǲԸԾЩˣ˵һ£Ϊô꣬ȴıţȻϲ˵ٻǽġ
Ĭһ˲ȻԾˣǾͰԱߵԺӰɣûҵķԸ˿
áüۺͻ
ĴһǷҪϢˣ̫ˡ
˯ɣѾԸȥκ˲ǰšİĦĵط
һƣĵˣɳӣֱ˯죬¡
˷¶ôգѾ˼ޣϢˣӵһ˯ȥһֱҹ˲ѡ
˯ûĸ첲ˡ
֪ϲʱ鷳ˣḧյȥûгʳ
һɣҲߡ˵űҪ
Ҫȥͷãһͬ¥ԺĳȥˡҹѾˣżĲԺ춼ûУǣ֣һ˺㿪ʼĴҳԵġ
߹վײȾ˰죬ֻҵһ鷢⣬ɵһһ飬ҲԲ
гԵġ
ϽܹȥһŵĲһ󣬶ʱ۾һǾɫҲоĳӣ
ûоĳҲ֪ⷹΪ׼ģȴǿˡ΢
˶٣׼ģ
ţա۵׾ů⣬ŷ˿˰κͻȻоߣһŤͷ⧲ˣôˣ
һһμ⸱ģЦˣ۵һ˿ȻͻȻСˣѵеڵζ
뵽ȻʺȻʺ󣬾˾ס֣Ҳ
ЦЦԣҲҵϽѷ˶˳볢ա
áӦһѷ˶˳Ϊûĵطһûգ˷棬˶ԱߣһһڵĻι
ųţ̲סЦˣЦʲô
ûоãѰޣЦʡ
Ĭһ˲񣬵͵
ôãͲ˵Щģˡ
ʧЦϲպ;Է
̫û˼ˣͦãʡ˵ţԼʣͷҲˡ
ԹԵİʣͷŽ궼ʰˣȥ˯ɡ
á
ΪһٳԵüã˻ݺ˵˻ֱӰ
ù֮ȥԺˣйԱ´ˣҪŹȥʱ˻˵Ϣ
˼һ˲ȥˡ
˵ӭȥ˵ˣһۣʱͷţտпգ
էһֻ㶣˰죬ǻǰС࣬ʱûٴ档ЦһðǾ;۾۰ɣȥ
һ£æסٺһЦʱۣͬô£ǿûд˰
һҲǣǴҲδܸЩĵɴͲˡ΢΢ףаɣҸ˵һ͸ߡ
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ֻôҴҶС䣬֮һ뿪ˡС˰ռķԸȥԺʱ㸸ĸ˵һˣδڣɽȼˣʲô˼ô͸ˣ
˿һۣƽĶǳһڡ
СһۣȶԷºŵǾ۾۰ɡ
ͨôۣɣϽ׷ȥҺԼʱ䣬Ҫܡɽߴ١
ûһͬȥӦǲȥġ
ɵɵԽǲȥԽȥǣɽ˵ţǿнزȾܳƵǾ¥ͳңϽȥͻ絥ദ
Ҳǵദзƺ磬˵˶٣ֻûҶѡ
Ϊʲô㣿ɽۡ
ϻش𣬵ԽԽá
۵С۵ʱ˽ӷˣǾѾۻᣬȥҲ˵ϻαҪȥ
ȻҪȥˣ㲻֪ǻ硭ɽ˵ţͻȻѹǻ翴۶ϱˣ˵ܲ𣿣
ǿˣҲͬɻˣΣȻ
ɽգ˿ɱˣ۵ĶϱɲѰŮӣȻʡҲ׵׿ŵ׼һ檣ദ꣬Ȩ̷򡭡
ȥȻ
üҿأܶ㲻ģ
ҲǶģһ£ǶԱ˲ġ˵ֱ꣬ˡ
˿ıӰʧβõĿɽ㡣
ɽ
֮󣬱㾶ֱ¥ȥˣȻ¥һ鶼ûǣǵڶҵС˵˾䣺˵үǰƬ̣ܿˡ
˵ȥʲôطʡ
С룺˵Ҫȥԡ
ĬƬ̣һ䡮лվˣɽһһ˻ʱ̲ס̾Ϣһܿ챻Ŷˡ˽Ψ²ҵɷؽԼͬƲֵĶ̸ġ
ûʧࡣ˻
һ£𣿡
ǲãܽУˣٻиةͷĵΪɽ۵һ˿Ρ
ʧЦҴӲЩ
㲻⣬Ҳ⣬̾һҷһӣͬģ
˵ˡ
ŤͷͻȻ̫ˡ
һ£̧ͷ
˵ⲻãǹȵ⣬˴ס֣ͬȥ棬ͷƸţα̫ġҪɳжȣ鷽ܳá
֪ˡ
ʵҲ㣬һȴֻںլĿֻ̫֮Ҳ̾ȫãǿԣﻹϣˣ֮¡
΢λϲ
ЦЦ֡
һֱʱŻŴӷ󣬱ʶķ˽ŲӱĿȾ뻹ԶʱͻȻ˹ȥס۾صʣ²˭
ﴽʱұˡ
ûһɿ
תնʲô
ŶȥˣȻһֻﶼû򵽣Ǻܺ档۾鼫á
΢ô´δȥɡ
ðпҴȥ棬˵꣬ϴˣ̫ˣҽϣεǶ£ҲҪϵĸоʵ̫ˡ
ѽ⿪Ҹࡣ˵ţҲȥ˴ߡ
һſãʱĴǶˡ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ˵һ䣺һֱ㣬гһᷳ𣿡
ţû塣
ĬƬ̣ٿֱһ仰㲻ϲˣ𣿡
ôˣˣǵķСĵʣǲҽûȥ㲻ˣ
飬ͻȻЩĸ׵˼ˣΪƣڸСĵģԼ
˾ͻȻǳЦһôᣬҲҪ㸸ĸȥҲûʱ䡣
û£´δ㣬ӣʱһŴ⣬ôϲأжϲ㣬ֲǲ֪
˵˻¾ʹ˽ҹˡŵʱɽڷгˣһͬţϣƺһֱĴԵ£룬͵ʷƣԷˡ
ùţûĸ첲ߣκٺһЦ֪Ϊʲôܾýܺá
ϲ𣿡ʡ
̵ͷϲ
Цˣϲͺá
һ磬ˣȥҪ㸸ĸΪƾˡûж룬ȻüΣܾˣٲ룬Ҳòˡ
һαܾ󣬼̾һŵķƵҽվͲȥˡ
ΪΣɻ
ǳĳ̾һţҿʧˡ
ƣ


 125 

һ̾Ϣ, ˵Ҳ
ôˣһãȻ
²ߵĿһۣûʲô߰ɣûһֱš
治ȥƲĵ, ҡͷֻõ, ˰ȥ, ͽгȥ
ͷУϽ߰ɡ
Ӧһ, ȥ, һž, һ, ɻʣô
ҸղŸ˵ˣվͲȥˡƽ
һ㶣Ҳȥˣ
˭ȥ練ʡ
°, ղ˵ȥˣüһôˣ
Ҳ֪ΪβȥΪ⼸ȥ̫, Բȥˣ˵һ£Һüնû, Щ
ôһ˵, Ҳǰ粼õĹΣһһû, ̾, , Ҳȥˣȥ, Ҹ˵һ͹ȥ
˼ˣҲȷʵ۵ģǴվţܳȥһˡ
ѾվţҲӭֻǵע⵽ûʱϵЦ⵭Щƣأ
½ղȥˣЩ˼²ȥҲȥˣȥɡ
Ĭһ˲ǰղúõģΪղȥˣ
֪¿²ߣˡƻش
۵һ˿²ߣһֱͬǳȥˣ˰ɣ
ƶһ£û˵ǳˡ
֮£ô㣬ƺʮƶЩһֱһ϶ǳԴ˸Ϊ˺լűȷ棬һֱϲȥôͻȻϳˣ
Աܵľò̫ʶάȵ£϶ǵԼȥġ
ĲãһºЦҲ²£㲻Ҫϡ
ᣬҾǲѡҲɫͬ˵˼վˣһ뿪ɫ
үۻȥ𣿡еһʡ
粻ͷüͷҪȥȥҲȥ˵귭һ˦޳뿪ˡ
߼˵겻ȥĻ󣬱ܵԺȥˡԺʯд֣ɽһָţͷ߻һڹһгĻ档
Ƭ̣Цȥˣ
ĵһڶһ£˷Ӧʣûгȥ棿
Ҫȥģ˵ţ͵͵ı飬ûκβ˺ﷴˣ룬ǰɡ
湻ˣǰɣɽһΪԼӱƽ˾Ŀһۺ󣬶ʱ֨ˡ
άԼסĸ첲û湻ʱҲһֱأ˭ôá
ˣվãһ¡˵Ϊϸĳߴ硣
㶲ŷӦҪ·
ǰҲ£ø¡ƽ
æܾɲɣӸպתǧˡ
Ѷѣ۵ȥüͷ΢㲻Ҫ̫⡣
ûм⣬ǵӡЦá
ɽһͱϹæˣ˼ǳ£ѶǽƳɵģôῴͨѡ
ĿһۣҪ뷨ӼܾʱȻ⣬ͲҪƾˡ
ô˵ˣ˲ʵԹԵĶ˵ллл
һĻһ䣬ŴǱ
ûסҲЦˡ
ںԺһ磬ùŲŸһԼȥһűȥſˡ
۰Ϊÿնôۡ̾һ
£ź⼸ճȥ̫ˣȻҪ۵ġ
һ£˼Ťͷǳţ˲ˣ𣿡
һ£ҲԼѣҪ۾Ҳʲôģ
ҲԴף
ֲΪ̷ҳʲôףʡ
ĬƬ̣ĿڣǰǷµĴ׶ԡ
˾ڶˡ
ΪʲôҪģ۾
ߣͻȻãһЩԼĿռ䣬ƺҲ
԰ð죬ŷſţΪͷϣˣеˡ
˯ɣҸȡ
ûлػֻһſͷϣ˻ȣͻȻע⵽΢ȻĲһºļ򣺡ôˣ
˵ֻǼĲЩ
ü⧲ͨ۾˶סýΪʲôˣ
ǲǲϲˣĿڡʣȻ̫أί֮⣬ûκ
ɻĽĴָȥ۽ǵᣬĵʣΪʲôô룿
㡢ңҲȥҲ׶ˣ϶ǲϲˡʱֻе꣬浽ʵ˵ʱͻȻоǵصί
ĿãͻȻЦһ
·⵽˱һŵĿȻϲˣҿ޾ȻЦ
ˣ㻹ίˣһĶͷ˶ͷúˣ۵ȥ࣬ոűܣѵίĲң
ֲίˡ
бһۣô֪Ҳί
ίˣ϶뷨ң߸һͬȥʲôûܾĸںԺд֣ǲںˣһ±ӣûа㳤Ʋ˵ֲǾˣС
ЦõĽ̵˵ЩҵǶңѰ巳
˵һ£Ҳ巳ңЩӣһֱڿơ
Դ۾ߣãһ巳𣿡
ãҲ֪
۾Ҫǰһǳ͢سгһղϲˣҲ㹻ĳͬһ𣬿ʲôûУûг룬ûм㽫ҵİ⵭ˣĲ֪ô졣
ãͻȻЩʧ䣺һӾͺˣһѪãҲǻûʧˡ
ôͻȻᵽˣʧЦ
ȴûЦֻĲҪҰѻɣһұģʮ̤ƽҳ
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ģʵڲУһȥ뷨òɷȥ٣ֻҪһǷޣϾͲȫ㣬ߵǰǸλãûôˣҪ
Ǹ˵룬ҾŪ㡣۾
ѵߵȥգգۺߺߣױ䣬һ㽫𣿡
Բ֪ˡ
һ£ôԣͱֱƵڴϣæֵסţֺõģҲУᡣ
ôģ˵Զˣ˵ţ˸ͷ
˵˻
첲ûšȣȻûڴϣҲȥ˰
º󣬼УһڱŨı֪ôףһȥ档
һ£ûзĻ
Ĭһ˲ü㻹Ҫѡ¡ĸֹ᳹𣿡

װˣٵúܣҪôȣղҲˣбһۣ˾С˵ˣҲϲôȡ
ϲ
ԣһ㶼ϲԺ׼ٸװȣֱ׳Ŀ˵ûеѰǽܲ˱ѰݳΨһĹӳעͷ˲ͬƾʲôҵѰ˶Դ
ǡ
ؿˣо仰ùøǣϲԴףϲԴףôһˣ㻹Ϲʲô˵˵۾˵ˣٸװʲôСǣǿȨƣûһ룬ıˣ˵βң
˵ͣһ˲յߵϱʬ嶼ʵ۶ɱˣʲô㲻ģ
΢ƽ£Ҫ˵Һһ
ѵǣü
Ŀ֮Ĵ˵öԣⱲעҵġ
Ժװͻ𣿡ʡ
룺Ϊеõġ

ı飬̲סЦһˣԺҲװˡ⣬§ߺһ䣺ܵЩеûģ˺Ķģܲ˵ġ
ﴽ§ãֱʱ˲𴲡
һֱڴţէһǰһ˲˺һŻع
ôˣüס
üǶˡ
߰ɣϽȥšס֡
Цŵ˵ͷɻü
Яֵ˷ĸͷƶѾˣ˿ɽڿѧʣһ񿴵һ㣬æӭȥǿˣϽŰɡ
СʲôϷܳ㲻ɣɽԼӱܣʱ
ƸЦһˣҡҾǿºˣ˶ѡ˵գĿ
ЦĿһۣݳѧʵˣֽ̣ͬġ
ŶƼҲԼֻƵĴӦ
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԰ҲţһֱڷҾûҴšҲæӻ
һ£ڴ֡
ôͻȻˣƲĿ
һͻȻˡϽԷ
ƻкܶ⣬ҪԷˣֻðѻȥһӶʼ󣬼˿⣬û͵߾һθ
Ϊ˲ӰţиԼҨ뵰Ѷĸѹȥ
üɫãҪⲹ
̫ˣΪյӣɶӺܶĻºȲ
ǾͰƬˮ֮ٳԣ嵭Щ˿ˮٷŵС
ǿһڣζҪһ顣һ˶ԸԷһ
ɽֵʣҼǵǰϲʳôͻȻθڣ
Ҳ֪Ⱦ֮Ÿθڡ̾ʮֻܳܺȵԼ
һۣȷ˵Ȭãſʼθڡ
ɣ˵˺֢һӾͻã˵ţͿҪ㣬æסˣұң˶ġ
Ŀһ٣ŵԼһ䣺ǰģôˣ
΢˼Ŀ
̾Ƕ̫ˣͺöˡ
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ǡ
ү
һ£أ
²ѾˣҪ㡣һ
΢УҪģҪģ
Ҫʡ
ЦһȻҪҪô֪үǲˡ
£ƺʲôЦ£ѵ𣬡Ҫ˵ü㣬ҷҪ˵»Эһ֣ƺµ˶ҡ
ѵ˵ôһ䣬ƫƫÿֶʮģ׳ȥ
ү˵Ҫһ˵תߣ񶼲Ըٷָ
罩վãеĻ͵ˤϣޱת뿪ھԺʱͻȻɽ򸾵ĶԻDD
ⷴӦͬһʱһģһʮ**С˻
ɽϲģû뵽ôҪﱲˣ
㼱ʲô»ûȷءѵȴ͸ϲ⡣
ЦһϢ뿪ˡ
һ磬ѣĺߺһô£
ȥҲˣ³ˡ
ȥ֮󣬼ҲˣɴҲųȥһžͿͷСޣΧŵ֣һտһտǸֺǺǵ춼ϲˡ
׺һĻȴЩζֱס֣Żع
ôСЦʵ
ɽ򸾿ǣһͬɽѵúƣվۼҵĺӣմվۣǲǳˣ
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ӺЩ𣿡˵ġ
ͷöˡ
öҲҴȷһ£ҵһӣвɴ⡣ɽæ
㶣ʲôӣ
ɵѾͷԼж֪ɽЦǺǡ
ʱסˡ


 126 

δӦ, ȿˣ˭˵еģ
ҲֻƲ⣬˲ͬĿɽһ, ˭֪ûŵ, ô˵˳
ҲǱɽֺǺǵ
һЦ, ǿˣûС
д򿴹ˣʡ
ҵͷ, , ǰʱë, ЩʱӦûá
ɽɻ󣺡ǲǸմô, ʲôʱ򿴵ġ
ƽĿ
ɽһ£˵˲˵ˣҾһ, ôˣ˵һǰ׸һ
ˣûоû, ҲǶ£˴ǹŵЦƺôʧ, Ƿ޶, ӻġ
ûܱӡɽôһ, ָŸ
ס, ɫ΢΢, л˵, 
ķˡæ
ü̿ĺһָۣϽŤͷˣվҲֻķҿζʵԵòУ֪տɷΪ³
ǿԵģʲô˿
ЦʲôҶϲ
ãҾЩھʱԵĲˣ϶ϲ˵꣬ɽһͬȥˡ
ɽ⣬ʱһֱ߶һǶļ䣬Ҹʲô
һֱԶɽ߶߶ԺСѾԶ߽ľ̾һ᲻𾢡
ΪβҸǣͻȻʡ
һ£ôҪӣǸҲУ»ġ
ǻ⡣ü
ҲʧǶôãʧ
Ĭãܲһֱš
£һʲôɼ֮ҲŷȷʵźЩȻǡֶԲǵġ
ʣöԲԼԲǾöԲ
ĿԼӲõг󣬲ŵ˵һ䣺룬ĶԲǡ
һ٣ɻĿ
㲻ǷκˣҲûжԲκˣҲһֱ£ס֣ûȥ˵ǾǣΣ
һ˲ǡǻȥ˵ɣȥ졣
Ҫ㣿ʡ
룺ǲˣԼӦ
ãҵʱ㡣οļ
ЦһǴӦˡ
ϵʱ򣬼ɽ򸾵ǰСĵ÷ţһɽͳˣһ㶣ʲô
˵˵Ī顣
ɽüͷʱ˵ʲôר˵һģ
һ˲Ҵҹû˵㻵е𣿡
ɽӣҲǣȥɡ
˵ͷɫصĽˣɽ߳ͷŸϣŤͷǸʲôģ
ҵһݡ
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֮¡ֻĸ֡
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ЦЦֿʼæˣð˵һ䣺СĴģƣǵһΪѵĳ
Ծ̧ͷȻʺ۰㣬ûΪѣ
ĸ󲻻߻δЩٺЦ
ǳЦˣϲҾ͸
á
ɵĵͷһԿѣƬ̺ע⵽鲼ϸպˣЩʣЩ鲼Ҫ𣿡
ţǺӣ˹ֿϧģֱȽСģɰ֮ģľЩСǶպĺá˸ϲʱ۵ů⡣

ע⵽Щڣ㻺οģҲǴ㣬Ҫ¼˳Ȼĺáֻһ겻һ꣬µϼûЩˣ׼ѡ
ǿЦЦûж롣
ǾͺãտѾ˵ˣ˺Цס֣ûԵ˼㲻ѹ
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ˣɽʡ
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е
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㶣ҪδСǶô˾
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ΪΣһֱˣÿΰֺǺʱԼҲͻЩҲϲ飬ٳǰһɴ˷
źͶϱͬסĵɽߺߵĿŶӣϱߣռҵĵض
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磬±ֻһװģװԷһҧгݵҳˣʵڲУѷʵĳ˸ݵҲС
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ĸ̫ûиҵһˣЩۡ
Žеһ룬ЩҪȥ԰ߣɽȻΪ챻ߵ²ˣһͬȥˡһֱעߵĻһ£ҲϢĸ˹ȥ
ע⵽һĻüͷɵƬ̺չº͵ĶԼٺɡ
ٺˣٺȾ͵ȥˡС
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ܾʲôӣøѾ߸Űɡ
㣬ᶨĿڣƾܣֲһ䣬֮ǹҾô죿
ֻһ仰ü⣺аɣһ𡣡
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ûס˸Ƿʣˣ
ƣĵ˵ͷҪ˵ͻȻס졣һ£̧ͷ㿴ɽͤ졣
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ܣԸ룬ҲԸͱŮӡ
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㶣űɽΪذգӲŻ᲻ǰǵأǰҪͬ룬̫𣿡
ûб
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Ŷ˲оӾͲˡ
ֻǲ֪ʲô̬ȡ
տʼº͵ү˵ˣҴҲף˵ЩıΪĽֻֻͽʹ࣬Ǵĵ£ͣӦҲмƽϰɣ
˵ͣһ˲У޷£ǰձ֪ˡ


 127 

˵Ѿ֪ʱ, ˶µģʶĿı˲۾
Ҫô, ˼˶˽, ͬǵĺȣǸںǷƽϲ, ֻҪܴܽ£ҺͷҲܽܡ
, ͻȻӿһƬɬů, ܵĸоֳ, ˰, ûԼ³
ȥɡʱס֡
΢΢ףһͬȥˡ
ͻȻӼɽ, ͤеͬʱһ㶣ǻ磬ֱɫˣ
չأ𱾹һ¡Ŀڡ
缱еǰһҽ, ҲǸ˼
ʲôԭڱǰ˱ʵ۵׷, ү, Ͳͬһʶˣֻպ֪֮, Ҫٳǰ

ֻһ֡
Į, ƺѾû˸ϵ, Ľˣҧ㻹ͷ, ˵ʲô㶼ˣٸ͡˵գת뿪ˡ
һߣͤʣһĿˣշ΢ɽȿһ㶼ˣ
ȻѾ֪ǵ̬ȣʱЩ˼ĬĬ˵ͷȫȻûзڻǰơ
ɽԥһ˲֮Ҹ뷨ǣպҪˣһǲҪͿ˹ֻ֮ҪǱû
ллС
ɽȻϰ߸ദһͷʲôлģպͲҪˡٸ˵˵ҺʹȻȥ
˵գһۣռ֣һ뿪ˣ߳ûԶɫĻ硣
ɽһ£ģȥǰͷš˵ֱ뿪ѵطС˳
˶ãƺڽһĽ
ǻȿĿڣΪӮˣ
Ҵδͬȹ̸ӮƽĿ
㲻Ҫ̫⣬ǳˣᷳ
㵱˽Ļһϵƽƽ飬ܹȫһ棬ȴת˵飬ϣ飿
ֱûлش⡣
ϲ㣬ϲˣڵȵջģɨһۣԸˣǾͼɣֻһ䣬һң´οûô㡣
˵գֱ뿪ˣⶼмָ
ʹеʱֻͤʣϱ
ãŹڣ
ţ䵭һ˫üȴů⡣
򴽣ʲôʱ֪İ
һʱͷʱˡ˺Ц
㶣ô𡭡ǡôû˵
Ϊӣͬ𣬵ʱٿο㣬ƺЩ˭֪ƽյúܣʱ򷴵˵ˡ̾һ
ͷʧ
˼Ƭ̣ȷʵЩѹҲֻΪǲΪ˸ĸܸ֪ȤϧΪ޺ѹв𣿡
ţҶģСĵĿĲ
پ⣬ҿɾҪˡװŭ
ٺһЦҵѻ𣿡
ҪҶ㡣˱Цˡ
ԣҲɵЦĽ⿪ˣͬӶֻ࣬ǵȻվ֮ǽ̫ҽ
˵û¡̾
ɨһۣޱİϣֻ̫ҽ
Ƭ̫֮ҽüͷջأһĿ
ûϣıҲŽˣΣ
µھʱЩúǿǱʲôһ㡣̫ҽõ
˵סˣʲôбʲôˣôʲôһ㡣
²صǣ˺ǿһ㣬ûб쳣̫ҽ
üûθڣʱŶģǸһйأ
ʵµ֢״֮״ȴûкӵں֢δ׸˵ҲУ̫ҽüͷȻҲô£ֻȿЩҩţ˾֮΢̫ͬҽԺһڴۡ
ͼһֻۣþʹ˴Ӧˡ
̫ҽ˺󣬼̾ҲȾʲô֢֮ɣ
˵ѵ۵׵Ǹˡ
۾ˮұҪ˱Ѹܽͻؾ
ܵ½ңúЪšü
һˣ֪۲Ŵԣҵר¿ɲܽġ
Ǿһֱšס֡
룬ǿӦˡ
˾ʹЪ£һ缾ȥˡҴӦֱóͬ
ǧշǣڳһڳзų˵׸ŮձҪǼˣױʮôࡣ
£ְѾ鵽ܶڳذĳɽϣֱɱȥǣΪλҪʮǹ粻⡣
ŽѾյĳԶɽθӣǶǱ߲Ϥȥˣδ̫
ǲϵô죿ü
һΪʳΪ˵ôӣҪģοôûʲôǵľ÷ˣôҲϵһͻȻ֡
΢΢ףְˡ
ǵ÷ų˵ʱ׵Ķָý
˵ˣֻһۣûп˵
üͷø²Ҫ˵׶ôô죿
ǲ£ֻǰڣ׶ûôͣǷģ̶ǰ
ٴ̣ҲԶʱôˣӦһȥ׼ˡ
֮󣬼ЦеĿҵļƲΣ
֮ȷʵܽɽЩô죿˾֮ǶȻӱСģһ򾡣ûôˡ
Ҳ£̾Ϣһ֪нԳɽǱߵĵϤǴɽ󣬶Կõɽ䲻õĽ켫٣ϤεĸûУҾôҲ㰡
ʱͻȻˣûмһ£۵һ˿;裺ʲô
ϤɽǱߵĵΡ綨Ŀ
һ£Ҫ
׼˵ŻѾϥ˵ϡ
Ƭ̣ŵһ£ֻ׼ɹ׼ʧܡ
ʧܣԸͷ綨˵һ£ͷӣΪ˺͵±ǰӣΪ˳ذա
ĬãΪʲôȵӮҪš
ǣӦһվΥǰ¶Цݣ˵ʲôʱͿߵݸĵ߳ˡ
Ц˲ʧҡȸˡ˵Ķӡ
Ĭһ˲ԵĿ
һϲ£ֵһԱͽ
ٷϻ˵˵ʲôˣ˵ΪһҵļƲߡʡ
£Ҳ΢ɫйԱȰȰ£Ѿʱؾˡ
һЩĳɨˡ
ǲ֪Ϊ˽˷ˣΪ޹вεģ⼸ݵӶмʮˡѡ
ϣȥɣǵûûҹܣһһҲҪʮ죬ʮˡ
ѾʮˣԼôѾһˡƽԻ϶ɵ˼ָҪЩʲôȫ»ǰѽ˷һ¸֪Աɡ
ʲô޷ͬ췴£ЦЦ뻹Ǿģȥ˵һɣסҪԱӣָվ˵ߡ
֪ˣӦ꣬ٳʱֿһۣҩˣ
÷ƶҺ꣬ܲôĿ˵Լϲ̫ҽÿο궼Ҫõҩ
ԴҲΪá
ˣϽ߰ɡߴ뿪
ֿһۣתߡûãɽ򸾱ˣһѳʳһ̲סͷۣҸճԹ
ճԹҲҪԣ̫ҽ˵ǲΪӿˣöʳܺáɽ˵ţɷ˵ĸ뼦
꣬ɥɥĿʼš
һٷû꣬˵Ҫȥ׼ˣɽ֪Ҫ˷˵£Ͻ뿪һѳԵġ
£æµʮգڲ޷壬ֻһ
ת۱㵽ˡ׸Ů޵գһµ磬̲סЦһôһ磬мСģˡ
ȷʵÿҲѵͬ
ЦְְͲȥˡڰŮװʮֲ
ЦĿһۣˣҲû취£ܲŪɣ
˵Żͷˣ΢΢ף׼׵ˣ
Ѿ׼ˣ´ӳˣұ˴Ӻɽȥ
˵ͷסҪݾߣɽҵ壬ٴȥ͵Ϯ
ǡ˵ֹ꣬վԭء
ɫƽûһ˿
ֿ˻һۣ˶ٺСġ
ͻȻЦˣ֣صĵ˵ͷţһġ
˵ϲˣѾϺͷԺҲһŤͷҲ߰ɡ
ֲУ޷󣬵Ҳһֱ󷽣սʲô仯һʱ
һۣµǻԵ±Թ
ҪСģʲôԵ±Թ㲻ҪʱԴװɣ
룬΢΢𣺡ѹٳԣʰȺ˵
̲סЦЦǣֻΧ۵İС
һ˳ųȥڿ쵽ӵİΧȦʱȻԶʱ˾裬װִΧȦ塣
һ̴⧲ʶʱѾװΧмðߣȻصӪʱȴҲ˸ˡ
һټѵ㣬ʽʼ׷ЩɢܡӳɱƬƬضȾѪɫͬľȣǲ̫Զֻб׷Ŵķݡ
صİǴδһüһ޼Ϊĸ߻Ϊ佨һʱ伾ͷ
æʰЩ˿ܵʱйԱҲûţһ켸ӵͣΪмʮ·̣յµϢʮǰġ
һʥּһʥּ£ż˵Ϊ˿˿ܺûȫţҲЩ
ֱ˵ڳ룬˶ΪɣΪ佨ʵۣȴἰǿѰǰ֪ΪڳʱӼ尾ơ
֪˳ػ£ԸҪҲ뿪
һΣԼһ㽫ĻջأǵĶҲƸ˼˶ȴһλľ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ѣڵķ䣬޴ѡ
ˣٰȻʱͼ˰Ĵȥ˳ڹС
ôһֱûùҲʱˡ
һ̴˰£ǽܽɱڹׯЩʱӦԣȷ˺󣬱ؾˡ
ؾ֮ǰҪһ¡
һۣһͬ˸ĸУֱ˵˵⡣
ɣɽһӶôΪһʱ֮թ뿪أǰҵʲôˣҪ£ʲôʱƽʲôʱ뿪ɽŭ
һѼӲս֤ݶǰˣϳԼˣҪƽ»ٵһʱա
Ҿ͵ţɽ൱ִ
üԵȣҲܵȣ绹ѣˣһֱڳأܲˣΪνӶˣ
һɽߣԶʱ˵ˣһĿˡЦһ㲻ߣұ㡣
ôҲû뵽Լ̨ǸϽֹ
Ҹһޣ֪Ǹʲôˣ϶£ʱǲĵġ˺Ц
Ŀ򴽣ȻҲʲô治ߣ
ߣҪһסɽ
ôһ˵ͷˣһεĿ
Ƣˣ߲ߣ
Ҳߣ㻹ܴôģɽҲˡ
ӣŻ
һģɽһ
ɽ
ڣҲһ죬һھǡŻ
ΣɽʲôûˣޱĿΨһĶӣͷɣ۲Ҹģ
ɡһ߼ᶨĻشһ߻һϱ
æյߣǵˮǰŲģϵĵ޷Ρ
һɽ


 128 

˫, ʾԼӱ£˰ɫǰ׵ġ
ɽԭ˵ʶ, üͷȥ̫ҽ
ǿʲô, ëæֹ
ɽãʲôǵʧְ, Դ˲ɡ
еܣ¡Ҫ, æſϡ
ԭ۵ǵ, Ժ˶, üĴֱǰЩɲǵëҲԡ
ɽüͷ, ѵУҪ, źö֢ҩһëͷܹȥ
ʵھʱûأ˳, һֱӲã̾Ϣһ۵Ŀ, һ, Ҳãڳشһ±һֱ, ô, ȴһ֮, ܲˡ
ֽϣɽԶʱˡ
ɨһ, ʾ˵
ĬƬ̣ڵ֪ڳأΪ˵һ֤ݶϽˣǻϲΪƽϳˣȣҲȲ
ȲҲҪȣֻҪһһգϾͲӶҪΪƽġɽִ
һթ뿪ˣҲӶĳûҲҪס
Ҫĵסɽꤻ˵ˡ
Ĺִ൱ջ𣬶˰κͻȻŶӣӴӴ
ôˣɽһ
Ҳæû°ɣ
ˡ˸״
üͷͬĿɽлú˵
Ҹղľ仰Ǻú˵ģɽ൱ԩ
˵ĸ첲֪ŵҲ¶ŰӰ˲Ӧص򣬻ǵþ뿪С
򴽣Լ֪صġ
ԳˣֻתɽﴦΪ㿼ǣͲΪһأ
ɽĬˣ֮Сһ䣺թ뿪ɣڳء

Ҳߣ˼ᶨҾġ
ˡɽֹ̾
ӶҪˣҪȰ˵ǣһֱĬסֻ֣ò˵ˡ
һͬӸĸ뿪յ̾ȰȰ϶Ӧġ
ﲻȥ˵ġüº͡
ƲƲ죺ҿˣһ䶼˵˵һ£бһ۲һϵ߶ޡ
֪Ҷˣ۵һ˿Ц⡣
һ֪ˡ
վ¹¾ĿλĴü΢ȵĴԼֻһԶʱͻȻʣͲż𣿡
һ£ʲô
ϾҪ뿪ˣﻹִͲżһһƣ˼˵ԼТ˳ʱˣﻹЩĶ
εվֱӣϸı⣬ż𣿡
ûãҲǸżģ⼸ľ񶼲ãҪʵڲеֱֱˣǵʱھɰﲻ
ĿΣõĹ𣺡Եﵹġ
ϻһۣҶöûе۰ˣòµȻҪЩ
뵽ǵȻʷ򸾣Ϊ۵ס֡
ʧЦҾһ˵ôˡȻôۣ͸Ͻ뷨ӣһҪ˵뿪ط
ú󻺻㲻ٹܣ˵
ô˵ü
ĬƬ̣롣
һ֪Ҳûãɵ̾
صѾòˣףٵҲʼ׼ؾûȰ뿪ֻȥ˵ϣȴ£һֱ뿪ǰһնûȰ˵ɽ
ɽ˸ִ׵Ĵ㣬û뵽ͻȻȰˣһʱ˲Ӧ˼Ρ
ˣǲ̫˽Щɽüʡ
˰οļ֣ô˽
ǡɽͻȻǣ춼û˵ֻ̾
֪Ҫ뿪ˣﲻҪΪ裬֪˻ôͻȻǰһڣű㲻ܿƵĳϵȥ
ˣ
ɽ˹£ˡ˻񣬰֣û£ؽ
ɽæʣûˣ
ûУǿЦЦأ
ʲôʱˣ㻹ʲôɽգôúõͻȻεˣ
շƢ˱ֵݸˣֻøϽ˷Ϸ޻ŵ¡
ЪЪŵѾöˣӦͬʱ֢״һ
ɽ㶣ôᡭ
С£ʱͦˡʼƵᡣ
ɽĬãٿģˣҲãܿˡ
һӷˣʱ˵ЩʲôѲˣΪ˲ңͬҺ벻ɣ˺Цʡ
ɽۿˣҲŲ룬롣
׼˵Ļ˰
ɽһҾ˵
ް߰׵ˣ˵ôһ˿Цá
ɽ˵ˣðŵǸ߰ɡ
ϵЦ΢΢βſڵҲϣΪǿԼ
㲻ʲôǿǡﲻɽ൱ʵͬӿ㲻㲻ʲôˡ
һʱҲ˵ˡ
ɽҪȥҼһţײ
һ£Щ˼˵Ҫǡ
ĿãͻȻüͷôˣ
ţ
ʱңΪ뿪ذɣüͷ㶼ûɿúõģȻı⣬ôˣ
СܲܲҪŪǵɽ
ķӦ֪Ӧûд󰭣ʱһ
ɽһѣһΣ̫ҽιѾûдˡȻѾ֪ҪʲôˣҾͲ˵ˣ뿪ļƻ׼ˣ
Ѿ׼׵
ɽͷҸҲʰˣȻ׼׵ʲôʱ뿪ʱֱ˵һǡ
á
ɽ룺ǾûˣҪʲô
˵뿪΢ڿƺûбҪˡ
ɽһԼı⣬㵱˵ң
ǿԡʮֵ
ɽüŶ˵
Ƭ̣֮ǰټңҪЮҪõĻ
ɽʱĬˣЦһõֻǸӹõ˱ȨҪɱ
α뿪ƽ
ɽɨһۣһˡ
ĬΣһԵĻȡûжֱȥѰ˼
һı飬֪Ĵ𰸣ʱҲŸа취õԹ
ҲҵĹ͡ѷŸĶԻ˵һ顣
һôǺõġ
ǽΣΪһ裬֮˾ǻߣ²ͬһ뿪
ڣõʱߣΪ˾ܼɣߺǶҪڳ¶棬֤ûͬһպթ뿪ʱϲµˣгǰ֤ҲǺΡ
΢΢ףҲֻˡ
ע⵽۵׵ĵǣ̾һס֣֪Իͣӣ˶ӣδ̫Ϊۣ¡
£¸ΪԣЦһЩˣֽýҲǷĵġ
ԥһ£ǴӦˡ
һ磬Ǳ׼뿪⻻Ƶ£ɫѳĵ紺ж˼Ƥ
Ȼʺġ۵Ц⡣
ֱסߵҸ˰˸ȥϷ
ţ·Сġĺ󱳡
Цŵ˵ͷ֪ˣСĵġ
˺ЦۿˡæȰ˵ѹѹȶҺȥǡ
ãǡ˽߬֡
һμţҲѹɽĬĶһۣһһǷֿˡ
һͷĸߣߵվ⣬ɽͻȻס
ɻĻͷͿɽȰù٣񡣡
˶٣ͻȻЦ֪˵ʧġ
ɽһЩ˼ıﻹһ䣺ҪЩǡ
û壬ʣ˵ʲô
˵ǣ˴ظһ䣬ɽˢĺˡ
ûסЦɽףٵڳضһº̤˻ؾ·
黺ʻأʱʱƿ⿴һƬ꣬ĬĬס֣ĸ֧֡
պ󣬼óϢʱصķ򣺡ӦѾˡ
һֱãΪǣʡ
򴽣֪ﲻܾҪʲôһ
ĳݣĬκǿиı仰⣬ָյѵÿ
Ŀ϶ÿЩҪһֱˡ
Ҳϴ𣿡Цá
һۣϴô죬ҾҪһֱ
èһıӣҲȥˡ
Ϣ󣬳·һֱϲͣ¡
һ죬Ͳٷ¶ˣѱϴһ¡Լͨ뺡
ˣֻ¶ѣ»ÿնģ˵һûûŪ࣬ΪʲôҪϴ
ϴޱ顣
һĿ顣ΪֻΪȵûͣ
ƽҹǣżз紵ĮһĴأ˷˿΢鶼ƽ
˻Ťľ˯ˡ
֪˶ãĶƺӳƵ죬޷ǲҪˣð뷨ͻȻڿգ˶׾ѡ
͵۾ŷ
ôˣʡ
ŵĿĿа𣿡
ԣƽն
סȥܷκ¶Ҫ˵ѷҲͬһ
һ£̧ͷ㿴Զǵ˹װ羹ǰЩܼΪơ
ǱɱòΪʲôðôࣿѲǵ©֮㣬񱨳ˣ
׺Ѹǰ뷨ЩȻ֮ǰװƣȴǾǧ
˭ģǼţȭͷɱ䴩޷ġ
££ڡס֣ȴ
ǿЦЦοļ
˭붯£ÿҵʬСǼᶨ
ͼ´˺ܾãõѾģʱ䣬ֻ֪ͷĶԽԽСֻʣµӵ֪˶ãͻȻˣһͷϰһУʱͬھ׼
£ҡ
ͷһأ
ڼݳ٣ȻˣֵסЩˣȡһӵʱ䣬̫Ͻ뿪
ԵҪӰгæԼȳȥһȦ󣬲Ű
۱Ѿǧٿ׵ȿϵİؼӶʼˣ˵Ļȴ侲ģǸô죿
Һá綨Ŀ
һɲõԤУʶˣȴһֵ𾪵ķסʲô
ûʱͣѵµ¸ҡ
һ£Ҫʲô̰æǰ·úѾͣýն֮ӡ
紩ϼǼɫ£ᱧ𽻵У½ˡ
ޱ飺ϲıѣҪĴ
ƽϸһ˿Ц⣺ģҿɲҡ
æҸһ𡣡
֣һߡ
ŭź֣һߣΪ׷Щֲɵ
޷Ĭһ˲ǿЭǰ
֧ţˣ˵ŷֻǰͷ˸λøΣֻˡ
̬ûٶ˵ż뿪ˣͷƵȵЩ׷ϣų෴ķ
ϵѵģ۾˲һѻȳѺĿ͵Ŀǰͷأ
ûһ𡣡
Ĭˡ
ǰͷţ޷Ƭ֮ȴļ΢΢
ϱӣǾΪ˱סҡɳƣ˵һͣ
սļ򣺡ⱲӲٷ¡
ûлӦһֱĳݵ뿪ķȥˡ
ҹҵ˶ɽһϢ磬˵ķơ
ƿǣſǻӭ£ү
û°ɣǵʡ
ҡҡͷû£˱Ƚء
̿硣
翴׵ۣǿһЦȾѪֵ˵Աߵѣ£ûŪơ
졣ޱ飬ȴЩʡ
ǴصУ֪˵ǻˣϽŴš
Ϊβʱ򣬼һ֪л֪æ£̾Щǲô˵ģ;ĩ·ˣ⼸ѾϮӳسİգÿζڣնԹԣ˵ǡ
˵ʲôĻ
֪ɪһ˲æ£֪ŻὫ׺ݵĴֵϣ΢
ҲϮˣɤٴδϡ
֪㶣СĵĻش𣺡ǣİӣѾʮˡ΢û˼ֻ⼸һֱղŻ΢ֻϱ
һ˿Ѫɫʾ̧ͷ͸սŵˡ
תߣȥסһȥ̫ΣգһʱΪ
ţۿߣקңʱֻҪʱ
һʱˤ˵ϣӶʱһʹĺӶ䣬ǰһƬģĿС
ϱһ˲Ҫ뿪ȻޣŴһһϢ˳
Լȥϵȥץס죺ҵأ
ְ˼Ϯְ˲ֵϷˡԾˡ
¡DD
һ磬ǵص¡
վԭأ۵ްһߵߣ˫סĸ첲
վãŵֻ֪Ҫǻţ㲻ܶǲܣȻֻҪǣ͸ûл·
ָ֪
ΪǻŻͻȻԾ
֪ץס·ֻҪһ֣ͻʧ
һϲΪ룬һˣƽĿȴûˣô졣


 129 

껹, ڷϣԹڵ͵͵Ŀߡ
һ, ϻ, ˵ǰϸڡ
Щּڶְ࣬˸в, ֪ȥҪְع, ְִⲻ, Ϸ˱㡭ǻ±ϳ, ֮ǰ
ǰ, Ҫְȫ֮󣬽Ϸ˵ʬǴس, պǰթõʬ滻ˣԷ˵Ĳ̽Ը²ؾºү׼ֱ, ְһգ¡
Ҫְºү˵عؿ, ƽ֮ǰ, ºү÷ؼݣ˽, ׼Т, ֮, Ϊ°Ȳ׷, Թޣ׼𡣡
Ϸûԣֻǰһ䣬˵ǰЩ˼ƥϣʲôʽˣٶЩʱա
ûоͷʣ̧ȥˣǵĻȴڶһ㡣
֪ڴվ˶ãõǰӰԽԽأֻǿץסѲվȡ
͵ԼҪֲȥʱΪʲô׼ұ𣿡
ǿĬĬ߬ѡ
ǲҲЩ˲ͨܣģҲģȻͨܣǻ˭
С
ҪȥҪȥ˵žҪߡ
СקѣధȺ˼㲻֪ûϳݣҲаһΪվɥǱȻµҪȥԴʱѾãڲߡ
ҪȥҪȥֻһ䣬۾նûа
ҸЩʱ䣬Ҹòãֻһ˳СĽʹԽԽء
ҪȥΪģΪΡ
˦ˤ˵ϣʹǰһƬڡ۵ͨǰߣӱ㱻Уͨһ˵ϡ
Уһ˵ǰ׵Ļ˹ȥ
֪˯˶ãڻʹĲһ۾Ϸƺ׵˫ۡ
£ˣ۾һᡣ
Ŀأ
ڸڣЩأûƻش꣬æ
Ϊֹ۲һ۾΢΢һ¾ˣ
赹ǰʹƽĽָСϣµûʲôоˡ
¡Ʋ̵ı͵͵Ĩᡣ
ĬƬ̣۾֪ΪΣ
صµĻСصĹ¡
Ӻ¡һÿհף֮ŻعߴӴͷƵɨʣû𣿡
ڣֻḁ̇̄죬һʬΪµӿǣҪҩȥǡʹ
ĿΪλΪҽˣҽûúóԷΪʲô
Ե޹أδʱͬү˽֪֮ӻδȬں֢δͲʺߡ̥ˣʱղ΢˵¼Ҳ޷¡̾
˵ˣֻǾĿԼƽ̹С
ԥһ£˸ͷ²̫ģ֢δУ˵ӻǺõģº֢Ȭͬ⺢ǰԵ
ƿżƽģܣ̲סʴһ䣺ûбķǺúҩǲпܽ
ȷпܽ£ֻµĿֻʮ֮һӿްĿܣҪȥһ룬üͷ壬Ȼһ·˸ֻⱲԵˣЩǰ˵
һ£˼ǡ
һʬ
¡¡DD
ֿʼ꣬޷Ϊ׵úƵ˱²裬Сĵĵݵǰ£ɤӰɡ
ĬĿŸϵıӣһ仰Ҳû˵
£촽Ƥˣͺȵˮɡʡ
һ£Ŀûѣ
û˵ӦҲˡƻش
΢΢ףƬ֮ʣе£ʹ򣬻˭֪𣿡
صµĻ֪
΢΢ףȥ֪Ƕˣһ£κ˶׼˵
ګګĵ˵ͷϷ˸ȥ֡·ģҷžѾˣ׼˵ȥ
ûʲôУдһҩˣն֣˵˶٣ٽ֪׼͵ıҩǱؾ
ɫһ£˵ҩԴ
ǾȲãȻ˾˵ǵýǸϣԷͷ˵
ƼѶҲȰֻǿοҲã̫ҽôҲĴչˡ
˵¼ʲôһ㣬Ҵҵܳȥ£ּҴҵܻ󿴵߱ˮûһ룬ٿĴɫԺ࣬ʱ
£߰ɡСĲ
Ĭãһͬ뿪ˡƽɵϣԼתȥɵһ˵²ĴӾ˺۵ȥˡ
˯죬ʱֱιҩֶ˯ա
＾£ǶһԤУҲˡ
֮ѣûг֣ҲûʣֻƽĿżˣ
쵽ˡش
ļնûٿڣһֱĬֱӽƫԺٳͷҲص뿪Ƭ̺Իطֽһ·еĴ˹ȥ
ڸд˰գȥаݼš
ſɫ䵭ʽһ˺磬Ҫȥף٣ȴԴɱܣƵƣɱҳ͢٣˼գڳ͢ȫޡԹصõ
ԭ˼գһԭ򣬵Ǳࡣŭ⡣
üʲô˼
͵ϮףٳӣΪȡϮգΪðԹ޳ԴĨƽ˷̧֮ͷЩܿɱĵҲûɡ
Įıɱôܣ֪ôģ
ǰɱȻɶں֮ڣ˼պ͹ԱģȴֽýѵأƺһһĿ
Цһܻ˭˴²֪ڸҲͰˣҪЩڣǲǾ޵治Ҷ㣿
ЩȻɲǰҲޣϸЩʱգ׷ȥΣɫƽеȴҪĶˡ
㺦óذɥЩ˿ܣʢŭ޾ٽȥ֪׷£ϸҪ
ںʲôĿѵĺ£ʡ
ŭЦ޿ʧķˣˣּȥԶ񣬼˼û޵׼һΥն
ޱĶãֱת뿪
ڻʹֻ˰ʱоʮֲظ̵֮ˡƿҰ׵ɫʮֲζ£ѾظˣǡûҪ˼ͳʱ򣬰ѺӡѺӡ
֪ôŶԵãʣµĻȴôҲ˵ˡ
ʱٵȵȡ
ʲôʡ
򴽣û˵
պɽ´˻ʹ
͵ȷˣǴ
ػϵĻǵȻЩɻܿԭģ˵ĺۼҲأȷǷ򸾡̨˵
üͷ壬εһ䣺δ̫ˡ
ϣڳ
˵Ϣ󣬼һֱˮһһ˿Ѷ˲ϻҴȥãδȽȥԶԶ˵
һۿֲԣһƬհףӦʱѾ嵽ߣɫס֣Ҳ˳סеذס
һ£ޱĿ
μϡſڣһ
е÷ܣֻвһʱҲû˵ʲôֻǵһ䣺ɽȥ˵Ϣ֪ˣ
ػϣ֪ش
ذҪ治ɫɿȴһ˲ס˵Сذ׵ĵʮַȥ˲оһɾʹžʲôӿ
һ˿һɣذױ㱻ˡ
޳ԭȻŽϽӻû뵽δּǾôˣ̾ļ򣬡ڰ˳䡣
һ仰û˵
ŵǰʹ࣬Ҳûͬƽϣ˵˼οĻ󣬲Ż˵һ䣺չأǴţǲǰȥؼݣ޸ͻʽТģԸһ棬׼ǰȥա
ȣʬ޷ţǰЩӶȥ󣬱Ϊɥˡ
Ŷ˶٣ĸȥˣҪǣûзɥǶȥ
һֱҪȥأϣ飬ϱִĪҪ˿ࡣ
޺ĺȥݣ㾹ѵˣ㲻ȥ͵һ̣գһۺЦһ˿أ㲻˾ܾޡ
ϣʱˣذɡͿ͡
û뵽˷յֱӷڽ⣬ֻһ˦ŭ뿪ˡ
֮˵˵һ仰𣿡
ɳƸɬһӵ˵һοڡ
һɣѪذˤڵϣѪҲ˳ָµΣۡ
ƭˣۡ
ɬܣαĲۡ
˵ˣ֪˶ãͻȻڣҪɱ
ٸʮʱ䣬ҽʱ򼴱㲻ɱҲҪɱΪﱨ𣬡ۿ죬һͬ˵£ŹãұӸѡֻҪʮ꣬ϸĴ
ҵȲˣ۾ھҪ
ǿѹĵ׵ʹ⣬ӭߣһһˣҲãҲã봢֮ʱ´ҡ
ɱʵۡĻ
񶨣УݳûŮʵ۵ģǻĳȻȻ˵һˣҲֻһС֣ЩǸԸΪ˶ʦԭģʱһҡ
ֻҪ
ץסӣϵѪʱϣˣǱ˳𣬿°ô죿
Ĭĺӣֻ֮˵ĸ֣¡
͵ɿһ˿Ŀڣǰɱʱݳһûд
ʱѾˣ޷㣬ɳƣһţ㲻ܿ
˵ˡ
Ƭ̺󻺻ڣţӦҲǡ
ҪͻȻңϼŵĿ󣬳Ĭһ˲ҪѹңѾˣҲܹҡ
Ȧ΢죺ԣǹܲˣԶ𣿡

С΢ʹһ£ԲûɱʱǵǻѡֻһˣΪƽǻô˵
ֱӸ𰸣ǻ˵Ȩı˽ߵڰףµȷʵ޹ģҲ϶Ϊ㣬ŻΪƽ£岻ķ
Ҫǣö֮ɱҲס㣬۵ײ֪ᣬҲ񣬡ȻĸˣҲˣҲҪҶȥ𣿡
ĬãޱתߣȥΪӲʣֻܾڡ
һĨλƫԺߣ߽ԺӺʯǰһһҹ
֮ʱ㿴ʯǰţĬƬ̺ߵǰµˡ
ü΢λʣôˣ
˵еأذ׻ˣ֮˵һ£û˵ΪʲôˣҴҲµˡ
ҶԲ
պ»ᷢ٣»Ҫܶٴˣ֮ʡ

ԭȲϲ㣬²ãɵº˺һǲϲ㣬֮ƽĿΪӵһμ㣬ұܸоؽڵľӣȴ뾭ѵ½޷㣬ڵ¶̫Σա
֮˵ԳһЦһʱΪܿס㣬֤ҵ뷨ǴģһУܿΪΪ޴ֻ
˵ʲô
֮ӣ𣿡
ᡣ
ǾԶ㣬֮뿪׶˸ϵպ޹ء
Ĭã֮ޱĳ޷ȥˡ
㲻ߣʲô󶼻㵽ͷϣ㲻Ľӣ͵㣬Ź°ɣ֮˵ţ֣صĳȥ
͵ͣ½Ų֮ɤʣҷŹ˭Źң


 130 

˵Ǿ仰֮ͻط, ֮һ˹档
ͷ׵ɹͷԷ裬֮ϵʪ͸, ۾ˮüҪ, ˶Ѿ˼ޡȴû˼ֻĹԭ, Щ˾
ԽԽߣ֮ǰһڵȥ
Լ޷, ۾, ıֻҲ, ˳Ĭ, ˭Ҳûп˵
֪˶ãһ˳Ĭ˵öԡ
֮л
һ, תߣߵԺʱ˼Ҵ߸ļ
æǰ֮ôˣ
û¡Ŀ
΢΢ףҽȥ˵ձҪȥ
¡ס
͵ͣ£ɻĿôˣ
ĬƬ̣ҿ֡
ԾĽ˵ֱ󣺡Ѿ, ûʲô󰭡
ҿ֡
ĬΣ˳ĽŰɫɴ쵽ǰϴ۵İףĬú, ɤӵû¾ͺá
㲻Ҫ, ҵĲԣ֪㲻, ԲŹס˵, ҵ, 򴽣Щɬ, ôãҷǵгˣҪֹ㱨ҲŸΡ
ĬĿŷǰ࣬ɫҲ͸һɲϢʶԼʱж
Բ𡭡ૡ
ſ˫۱סŵǸҵĴҪ˷ˣҷҪ뿪ء
ʱҹҹ޷һʵĶϣһżҲδıĺӡѹΪ˴ֿǣֱʱ̱ǣвõԼ
һֱԼɵԼǸһ̣һֱѹֵʹǿƲסڴ˿й¶һǡ
һ𣬼ͣ˵Ժ󣺡ϸ룬Ҫʮ꣬ҿںѡϵĺֻͯʱ䣬ҾһϸĴʱɱ˼ΪﱨֻҪٵꡭ
£֮ڵšĻ
˾ۿ˳ĿúתȥˡһԺվãһ˹뿪
֮ް󣬾һֱĲɣʱʱҪſڿһ֮ۡúЦȻôģȥɡ
ǲˣģ񣬡ôúõģͻȻ赹ˣ
̫ˣһʱܲסˡ֮
˵ͷǿɻбĲʣ
Ҳʵµģ֮½նټ򣬿Ӳʣ
򴽣ӦһˣܣʱʱЩе£û÷ƺ
֪֮㽹ǣǻȪ²
ģһᾡģ̾һȦЩˣҶѹֻʹǧ򱶣𣬻ܺЩҡ
ҲΪ²롣֮
һĬúǷ²ģƾʲôҪΪЩ˵İȣ͵һ˳ʹࣿ
֮ĬãҲǷ²ģɻΪࡣ
Լ¡
֮ãεЦһҵԸһ㣬˵ܻЩ
ҹ
ƫԺΣǰỽһС
ƽĿ¡
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣε£ûһʣڿʲô
ش
һ΢ЦյɫȷʵҲûܾˣһ𡭡
Щӣ۰ɣĻ
˵ˡ
ԲҵĴ۵׵㺱¹⻹ᡣ
һ£ͻȻЩǽѾ̫ǸˣҪ˵İɣ
ͬ˵ޣҲܽܡĿˮ˵Ļȴ͸Щ
ɫ΢ҲЩ
ҲӦǲǻҪֹңǼּ˵ȥ
μᶨĿڣһֹ㡣
Ǳûʲô˵ˣǳЦһĸ飬ǾЭպǻᱻĥ
ʲôơ
Ŀ֮ʣ¿ɷŹҡ
ʲô˼ԽԽ죬ֻŸмҪû
ȴֻĿ⿴ɣ׶˸ϵԺҲԼֹңϣԳȥֹҵӡ
롯ֺһƬհˣֻ֮촽ڶȴ·ʲô
ȵ˵껰׻عǼҵĺһ˫ҲӦ붼룡
ȱżܾ۵׵ڱ˱ҵپҪҪӦ
ҲܴӦ뿪ңûסµװͰ͵в۾ȴǼĿ־塣
Ŀڷ·ǧ۵ʼѣȴû¶֣º͵ļ󲽲ƣǵԸ룬ұӦ·ɱϣգһᡭúõĻš
ҲӦ붼룡ֻзƢеĿֻţҶͬ˵ˣֻҪʱ䣬궼Ȳ𣿣
Ȳˣޱ飬Ҳû취ȡ
áȲˣ㣬˵ֻҪӦ룬Ͳٴɱϣʲôʲô·ǵú֮ʡ
볯Ϊ٣۾ֻк룬볯Ϊ١
㶣һʱ˵
ǰһ仰ǶԵģֻеΪҷŲɣҵһΨһԸǳԩѩҲԸɳɫԲܵҪҲãҪԵǻҲգԩҪڴ֮ǰ˽ᡣ
˵Ĭãŵ͵͵Ĳһ䣺ֻҪһǳˣϱһղΪƽֻ뿪
Ϊƽʡ
ξ˸ãŲĿڣоǣҲһˡ
˵Ļȴһսȭͷֵ˿ڷҵʹ΢ʹࡣ
ΪʲôͻȻ侲
ֻǾε£òƽѣԸΪ²һУĶܲҪ¶ȴ¶ڰ֮󣬡ǳǳ͸һɲʵĸо
˵£Ҳƻرǲ룬պͬһÿһ죬ҶԼгһҺͰվ˶棬ǲǻԥҡ
Ŀ֮ૣҲ֪ҡôԹޡ
Ҳ̸ԹޣϾҵĴҪĸԸĸʳˡûٿ
Сֿʼˣһ侲ŵִⲻأ
ұ㲻ɱ΢ܿסһʱȴסһһҵõᣬұ㲻ʱǲֹ»ǣҲһ
˵һ£𴽽ʣðգ
㾹вҡ۵һ˿š
Ҹʱ俼ǡ
˲ŭһ˦ת뿪ˡ
֮񳹵ã
˵仰Ժ㾲֮֮Ӱ߳һƽĿ½ͬޣʵܵȣߵһ
ޡ۵һ˿ȷʵѵȣ֮أ
֮һ¡
һĸͬ׵ܵܶɱ֣ܱ֤֮ӻ֪֮˵ת޷ȥˣҼȻӦˣ㲻ٸģ㲻Ѱҡ
֮ԭͣãųصĲ뿪
˼ʱ䣬ԼڷգֱƵĵŶ룬һ㲵£ôˣ״ʲôʱţ
һ£ü
۾ףٿڱѾʣУ£Լһֱ⣬ڻͷţ͵Ϊ룬Լ˺òã
֮Ӧһá
ǡҷȥǽԺΣƾһ
򴽣Ȳš
ǡҪʲôƲ⡣
ƽĿ֮ͬȥһƫԺ۵׺ڳģ˲²˼
ãȻĴӦƫԺȥˡ
һӺƫԺʯǰǰڣһΣ㵱Ҫ룿
һ£𾪵ĿҪ˵ȴ֮סˡȻ֮סȴûס硣
Ҫ룿ʡ
治ɫǡ
䣬Ĳϡ
磬ſƽķԸ
һۣޱİѵջ
һλᣬҪˣǾʹ˺롭ΪԼܺ侲Ȼ˵һʱĴ㿪ʼ΢΢ֻͣƽƬ̣ٵңҲҪ㡣
£һ񣺡л¡
ֽ֮֮Ҫд顣
ǡ֮Ӧһȥ鷿
ԱߵķûԼ̺ۿ¶ôãΪʲôҪ룿

ˣܣҲܣʲôϵΪʲôҪǨŭŭ֪֪Ϊ㡭
ơ
Ʋĵı죬ûаѻ˵ꡣü΢֪Ϊʲôֻ̧ͷüʱûʡ
ֽ֮ܿʹʯдˣͷԼӡ£֮
㿴ʲôס
ӹʱָ΢΢ҴһƳۺ𣺡صµĻ޲ס
ȻûвףԼȥ֪δã˵ţȡִӻȡһö˽£ЩҲ߰ɡ
ǼҸĸµģŰɣŵһǿվȣԵ£иˡ
˵գ˵滺Ժſȥһһ뿪Ҫĵط
վס촽
ͣ»кηԸ
סˣ˴κ벢ģǱģĿһıӰֺܿ촹ǱҪ㣬㲻Ҫˡ
ǡ
УĮĶԼûȾޢָףôˣò̫ӡ
´Σʡ
磺򡣡
㶣¡
һС۵ûаֲᡣ
عӦһǰȥһȭϡĴ˲ˣҲƫһߣٲһţֱӹ˵ϡ
翴ǰܵͻȻ²ȥˣȭͷ˼ζɿĿڣٸһλᣬѺ黹ң¾͵û
ûзӦȻԸô
Ҿöġһһ˵꣬ҶҶִĴϡ
ԺŹϵ죬Ȼ̶ȴѰԹޣĿѪȾ죬Ҳʼˡ
еȰ£ٴˣٴˡ
ֻĿ
Ȱ˼Σһֱҧҧȥֹǣ׼ٴˣ
ҶͣƼеȥ̽Ϣ̽źһ
ڻڣǼȥҽݣƽհᶫƳ˱
ǡ
һ㽫һѪһֻ۾ѾȴŬıϺӡ
ܿ챻ߣƫԺٴξ
֪˶ãŻԺӷպ󶼲׼á
ǡƵ͵͵Ӧһ
룬ƺûĿ˵ˣҪ뿪վǰһڣ˹ȥ
ʱѾԼĴˣ۾㿴֮
£ˣ֮ʡ
Ĭһ˲ô
ʹҽݵĴˣȻأδ˼һʱձָܻ֮ش
΢΢ףû˵ˡ
֮Ƭ̣Ƴҽ˶ĿѪģͷ۷׷ףǰõĳǰ㲻ʣˡ
Цһˣˡ
Ϊɷѿġ֮Ŀ
˵ˣƬ̺һֱҵĴɣлҪͬ˵
ǡ֮Ӧһȥˡ
һ֮󣬴˽СĹ£¿ǴҩˣԴ˾һֱŻ̥ҩֻȼһ¡
ãá
ãȻĿ
ڣҪӡ
㶣عæҪȰȻ㲻˵Ѷֻܾסǡ
죬Ĺ£
ḧСһƬףȴܾãиСڻӦĸ


 131 

ĴѾ, ڹȥڲ֪١ǰʯ·ϻ˺һҶҲûС˳Ŵɨ, жԴ۷׷ס
˷, ǰѻϵˣ, ûų
Ͳ֪˰ɣϵĳͷͽ, ǳԼԸ, ϽϾء
ŶΪΣ
ΪϸǰԺĲ, , ԲñŲ
λ¿ǣϲ˼ʱ, ͲȫҶȥˣϲˣһٴ׼ϸ, ĵ
ɲôԭȻΪǶŮӣһ, ʵҲˡ
۵ʱ, һ۵ͣڽŵ˽ǵĻ˽ȥһ, һСڵֽ, ˡ
ĺ, ͷ˿źȥˡһֱŵķֽŭԺȥˡ
Ժɹ̫, ˣ
ţƳֽϣֽɢ¶ͷһſɫ˵ĳӡ
¿ˮԼһİԵ̾Ϣһˡ
£ʱˣôԵȥŭʡ
бһۣ˵СȥУҪȥһ߰Ĳ˰ɣ
ԭҲ֪ͷ˵Щ߰İôͲأԼĺ룬ôȴ˸ˣߺߡ
̾ȥͣҲŰûãҲʡΪ˷ǣȵӾˣ㲻˼ǵô£ϰյļûôá
ǾͳưͿƵۣǴ⣬˵볯һ£Ϊϰ£Ͽý
ǲͦãЦһι֮ţǳί
¡
ҲɫƽĿƣȻѾ룬㲻κθϵպ󲻹ʲôϢͬ˵ƣϣܽİˣʲôͬ޹ء
㶵Ŀþ֮Ȧ΢죺ҾǾõίˡ
סɵӣˣҲŲίǸ
˭ίģδʳڣҶҪˣϽҰӡ
ŶŶáæӦһڼȱ߿ʼԭȰòôãʱ¼ÿ춼ڲǳӣöˣҲˣֵֻĴָһһ󣬱ܽ׵ƣͷ⡣
Ϳһһֱһ˴룬ͣˣҪٰˡ
ʣµľϵˣٸһ¡ƹɵ
˵ͷϻ˯Ա߿ſ߱㲻ԾŲĶϣƽ̹ɵ̾
ôˣʡ
ҡΣ£ҲĸҵˣΪλԻΪò
ʵ˵ģֻҴѣű㲻ԡЦش
Ƶ˵ͷЩӿвʣ
̥ҩһֱţּûôûʲôܵģ֪ԼϸĻشˣ˵Σյıǰ£ѾȥˣȻѰŮӣһ̥գѾǰҺöˡ
ǡӦһֱƽƽİɣСĵ׷ʡ
Цݲ䣺Ȼƽƽ
ٻңô򵥣ҲһֱԴЪϢˣһ䣬̾ת˵һ£Ҳǵģǰһֱû֪е£ҲڷôĻɣûˡ
ԣҲ̾
£һֱû֮ͬ˵һģӣŵȵʱ˵ȴǰշ˵©죬Сı֪ˡ
ʱ˺ôһͨƢй˽˻еԺ󣬱رԺˣһֱڶû
֪ԼˣҲӲõ£ôõĲ
£Ҫȥ˵˵ɣʱ򻹸̫ˡü
ʱˣ㻹ȥ˵
ңΪ˲Ӱ飬ֻԳˡƱ
ɵɺã˰ɣȥչƾͨˡ
ģ
ʲôʱƭ㣿ʡ
룬ʱЦ
缾˵֮˼յ󣬱ԺС
һҪӣʡ
΢΢ףǡ
ֵֵز֮üͷ塣
ĬƬ̣Ϊ
Ϊ˭֮׷ʡ
ǰҺиӡ
֮˵ˣ֮̾ӣΣա
ǰ˵¶סѾĸˣҲǺúõģǳЦһģһչ˺Լ
֮Ŀ֮󻺻ȻѾˣҲûʲô˵ˣһҪǰ֪ͺʲô⣬һд㡣
򴽣ģҶСȻҲϲýҲʮû֮ǰһ
֪ͺá֮˵ĬãͻȻһ䣬ᶯ𣿡
ЦˣӦûᡣ
֮һúϢȳȥˡ˵գֱ뿪ˡ
һɺ֮ű۾˯ˡ
ʱѾæչ
ü۵ģ˵ɣʲô£ü
ƺٺһ֣ʲô£ҾŶͬ˵ʲôˣΪһȥ鷿ʼˡ
ʲôϡģ⡣
⣺ǿûʲôϡģһ߿һժִʣһҳء
㶣Ц
һĪЦʲô
ͱˡΪȡء
һһӳߵĶȻһϺЩѣǵֱڵʵʵ
ʱȻһֱèڼҲ˵˲£֪ûΣ˼˲õĴ£Ϊս·гةơ
ˣҾͲˣΪ͢µô࣬ΪƫƫֻȻ½ѵˣɷһᵽ̲סơ
֮ɨһۣĸ˫ȨƵףͬˣϳ׵ĺޱ϶ɣȻֻϲˡ
ǡƻû˵꣬һ£Ͻ졣
һѾߵĲǰб˷һʣԶԶ˵ˣΪһ㷴ûˣ
ⲻ˵ôڨڨ
һղ˵ʲôˣ
ʵҲû˵ʲôǸСĿڡ
һۣҪ˵ͻȻһ£žͽסˡ
ƽŵվôˣȥ̫ҽ
һ΢
ֻվסһ֪վһߣ֮üߵࣺﲻ
һһĿƣ˵һ飬ղ˭
ګګĻش
δ䣬оﶯһ¡һ֣֣Ȼᶯˣ
ʲʲô˼ƶɵˡ
һۣûסˡ
֮ȷӦӶˣ
㶣ģ
ţղŶˡͷ
֮ĬƬ̣
ֶˣˣ̲סĶӣðΣջˡ

Ļˣ
֮ͷ˵ĹѾܹסеֹΪ
һ˲ʧˣ
»СΪ֮˵ţ̧ͷƣѴΪƽ
á
ȥ˵ֱˡ
һΣ̫Сˡ
Ѿ࣬˵̥пҪСΪϡ֮ü
ԱߵҲſĸͣҪСġ
ЦãҲСġ
¡ư
ֻЭˣҲ˵ܿ԰ɣ
⣬Χмϸ
ӣէһСƹ۲
΢΢ף˵֮ӲŻֲ̥̤ʵµ°֮Ż󡣡
Ҳǻһµʱ䣬֮Ĭһ˲ǵڶδ״֮ǰҪһˣûϿģ
˶٣֪
ΪҪӲãһֱǡæ
֮һۣһֱȣ͵ûϿûеӡ
룬Ȼ»϶Ե²
»СЩá֮ϳٳûãǲϣλȨصĵȵºӡ
üͷ壺ܲһֱŰɣ
ĿǰҪŵģһֱĬõΪ˵ºͺӵİȫΪ˲ٸϸϵ
һ£æ˵ͷǲҪϹϵȻѾͬº룬ͲǺӵĵˡ
½δģ翴ƺ֮Ҳ˹ȥ
ӭ˵ĿƬ̣ŻȽһ˰ɣѰͷºٻ򾩶˶ӣҪ©
Ҳãںӳ֮£Ǿ㡣֮ͬ
ԵСƬ̺̾һ̥Ļϲ˿Ѿʣˡ
֮ͬĹ֮㿪ʼ˼Ѱʲôͷ빬űˣ˵ҪȺǰȥ硣
벻ɽȻ˳ˮ۵ĴӦʮպϾΥĹװȥˡ
£ǴΪľͣǾòˣͿһ㣬Щƽһָ׸ǴСҩн
º󣬿ǵɫЦİɣû¡
Ҿǵģǧǿţﲻˣ̳֪һһֱڹſڵüͷ塣
˵ͷһѶĻ㵽ʹˡ
ˣƫڵĶӣĲֻĵ֫ϸѾµˡ
ߣܿˡ
£ôҲˣ׳㶡
һı飬֪εĹ粻ԣôô
С˹ͣǻΪ칦硭֪׳üͷ
ϵЦ⽥ʧֻͬ˵ǹ磬Եû˵
׳ʱҲ
ԡ
׳̱죬̾ˣˣ߰ɣ˾СɴӦңǧ£ͷʢûҪͬƽЩʲô
ûĻֻЦЦ˵һ䣺߰ɡ
׳ֹ˰죬ջεĸһȥˡ
˵ʱѾ˴룬˿ֶЩ⣬ֻûĵԼλ£ӵڵ
ãűˣЦǺǵĺѣȴɫ˶֪鲻ˡ
ƨɣȴ˿ֻ˶º󣬲Ŵʱ£Ҫʱڰ䲻ؾȿ磬вˡ
ϴ˿ãרΪ粻˵ٵ˶ùܴ׻ʽˣǸмˡ
ʽ˵Цˣ޴ٺãҲʽ֮һźЦ
Цһû˵ˣκͬ˵һ䵭ģҲû˸ˡ
ҪĽ
ǰһֱڴžѾûˣ±ʹǸҲ֣ʱʱһ£װֱӾһų
ûᣬһ˳ԶʱѾôˣθҲ˲٣һ׷˳ˡ
һ롣ŤͷԱźĹ˵
һ£æ׷Ҩڵ֭׷ճһڣͻȻͣˡ
ùĹĵģãȻ̧ͷ۱һ˫ߺѥɫӣһӵĳ䣬˲ֱӡ
Ǵ治أ£ûһ˿˹ĺۼˡ
ĿбӵǰԼŹ񣬴ͷβûзְ߸һͷ֭ݷӼźгĻ档
ȻˣǸȴǲ֣֮㶯ֵͣüֱģ޲һ١
£Ҫ𣿡Сʡ
侲ˣԵġ
ʲôūȥŷæ
Ƭ̣ܲɡ
ˣ
ʽͬū˵ʲôأĵ֡ŵʱ˵Ĳ˽
ĿܲȥŷҪһݡ
ʽʱϲֶˣžȡ
ɫ䣺ҲûʲôͻȻˣԵˬڵѹһ¡
ˣȻ⻰䵽˶ͳһ˼Ͼ֮ǰôûöأΪû˿׷̺ⶼԸɾˣ
ҲԼĻ壬ûнͣ˵һȰ˵Ŀⶼ󣬵ĸŻһ
ˣ


 132 

ֱ֣֣ü, ֮ͥ£ɺͳ
ʮֵ˳иʱ, ôͳɺˣ
ǲ, ǹΪ֮, ų޷Ż͹˵Ц, ôһ, 㲡ˣ
û뵽Żֱ˵, ڵһƬž
ĳĬ֮, ڣ˵ˣҲһʻ, ǰǰʱΪû߳Ǹ˰칦磿
Ŷʱ˵ˡȷʵΪ֮޷̽һ, ֮仹û⣬ˣ, û, ÿԴ̼һΣһǰʱ
ֻû뵽, ֱʡ
Ѿͣ, ֮, ɫվ룬Ƽźͼ֮ĽŶ޹, ֻڸ֮µ֣Ѿϡ
֪˶ãŵڣ֮û㣬޷ȽȻٴлͬĹϵǰԹΣպҪڳΪ٣ܲһְֱɣ
뷨Ǻãɲ֪Ϊβ˽ȰͣҪȺǰ˵ǳЦһŶϻǾã˵棬㳼Ը⣬Ҳȫְɡ
㲻Ҫſں˵üͷ
Цһϧˣ۶Сñϳŵ˴⣬ֻҪڳΪһգͲһաԸǹ٣Ըͬ͹ϵ
ǲ̫㣬Ż˷ŭʡ
⣬İ°ͣȻ˵ǳֻ÷ˣվϸ׼һҪڳϰۣ
˭Ҫ˭ҪͬɣűһΣû뵽󷴵Լˡ
վһСֿʼˣֻսپЦһȻѾǳûʲô˵ˡ
˵һ˦䣬ת㳯ȥ
ŭӺ޻áãҪǸߡ
𴽽ǣĺмӿ˲Ȼ
һţͷķƾ͸ϽӭŵĴƬ̺ȷû²һ¡
ظϡ
æ˵Ļȥֱ˺óһ·ŵĵʣ³ñ磬ʲôˣ
ҲЩֱԲһƬġ۵һ˿⡣
ƺ棺ôģ
һʳڣϵЦ͵ԺиŵģȻȷʵʺϹٳһ;ˮǼµĹ򣬱Ѿǰλ˳ʱˡ
ֻЩŸŵլѵû伸õĳ
£СĿڡ
񣺡ŶҲûʲôֻյĹ磬ʵΪ칦õġ
ƶʱջ𣺡ǲëôǹѿ
Ҫʲô֮ȻˣǾͲ˷ѣɨһۣظ򵥽ʰһ£ձȥԺׯӡ
˵߽ľ壺㣬ȥһеˣһֻҪѰ㲻ˡ
ǡӦһ
ƵԸɻʣھߣ
ţҷڹⷢһͨûб߸ʵʱˡˣֻڸΪ˱뿪
ƷӦæӦһȻصк󣬱㿪ʼʰҲȥæ˵¡
֮˵Ҫߵº󣬱ֱҵ˼´ƺȥׯסҪһأҾͲȥˣԶҲԶʱʱȥ±á
ţ¾ͷˡЦ
֮΢΢ף󣬷ƺѾʰ׵֮Ŀ뿪ˡ
ʻʱһḧ΢¡Сε͵͵˵һΪﲻгϢֻҪһ㣬ƽƽĽá
ЦһԽԽĸ׵ˡ
͵ЦЦûٽӻ
һ˽һղŵԶأūǰ޷ʰСһʱᱳʹСҲ׹׹ĸоȫƾһš
ЪϢʱѾһĺɫҲ׵ֽһ㡣һֱеĴæǰѬģڿָЩɫ
պǲһҪǿšһѺ
ǸЦЦΪûд󰭣ûͷ򡣡
ͬҡҡͷȻǰΣյʱ򣬿ɲ˳ģ·Խ󣬱ԽΣգ£ǳʲô¡½𣬻ǲҪ´ˡ
֪ͬǰһס
Ĭһ˲ҪϸһЩһͣðɣ޴°㶼Ҫ´
㶣΢΢üô𣿡
ȴش
̾һ֪ˡ
չ£֪ҲصˣӦ֮ûȰֻһ˳ȥˡ
֮󣬷ƱżĽˣһʣôˣ
˵ûʲô󰭣ֻ۵ˣˣպҪھʱһڴϾ
˿û¾ͺû¾ͺá
ҽǲܳˣû¶ȥߣҵʲôóԵģһЩҲҽơ顣
̴Ӧ·ģһѰЩóԵĸ֤СүԵðװ֡
Цͷܿ㿪ʼˣƲҶϸǺñӺ뿪ˡ
һ˯ϣ󱻶Сˣ˰ʶԼ
ôΪ𣿼һ˲ЩԼ˸СͰ
һ߸һ߷ԸѾ߰ţ͹ʱҲˡ
ţ֪ԶºŭҪһӲ뾩Եĵû˵ʲô
˵ͷ֮ţҪ⣬ʱעʹĶ£̱ңУǵüǿׯӵŲѾС˶ˣֻĸãве´ȥ
ǡӦһֹ˼䣬ɫѾֱ࣬ת뿪ˡ
ţԱˡŷ˴˵ֻӣûıġ
ȻûģҲͷˡ
û˳·ţֿʼ˳ԱȶӣÿڴĵúܣΪ˴ʱ䣬ÿ±ǳԶͿۿɼٶԲ
Ϊһֱڴϣÿƽһɴͬ˵Ҳûз˵£ֱһºΪʱǰ˵㡣
£ɷƿɴᣣòһۡʡ
ɻ󣺡ôˣ˵䣬Խɴƿˡ
򿴵պ󣬳Ĭһ˲󿪿ڣҲһµʱ䣬ôôࣿ
ֺܶ𣿡Ҳһ㶣æѾ˾ղ֪һһǸŮʱסˡ
̾һֱԴһЩҲֻǵײ̫࣬պʱܲٵĿ࣬пܷΣա
֪ˣٳԵ㡣δлع
룺ٳԣֻǽЩ˱ɣһ嵭Щ࣬ЩزˣһģЩɡ
ګګĴӦˣ֮ڴϰһñԼ¶ˡ
ƽʱһæǰƿӣôˣ
ƣˣԹĿҳô󣬴δôֹ
㶣ϸһ飺ȷʵˡ

ҲǺÿģȻҼÿĹ
ٻңôһ㶼ÿˣ
˵ģ¾˵˼主󻨣ģһںľ΢˵ȻƯǰƯüۼζҲŨˡ
ЩɵĿģ
ţģ̵
̾ǲģҶüˣ˵ȥµʱѲ
һѲ֣ƶʱŵˣϸѯһ󻹲ģȥҴһ飬óĽǱҪ¼ʡ
ǵϣűһϡࡣ
ҴӣǾ͸ҳЩͦԲĶӣ·ԽԽڿʼ
Ǹͬ飬СҲһ£ֻϧǿ۵һϡ
ҲۣȻһ뵽ЩǺ˺ģ̣¶ˣӦò̫á
Ϊ̵ģɿЩ࣬Ҿ̲סüͷʵڲУŪҲð
ûЧˣǳɡ޹
ãֻ֣Эİ
Ϊģڽ̤ϸͷ£˵˵˽£ʮգԶаʮ˼Ҷˣȴһֱûץ˵ֵȥˡ
ʲôɱ͵ͷˣעȻˣͷ˵һҪǿׯӵ˳㿴ܲڳ֣ýһ¡
ǡæӦͶ뿪ˣ֮ǰѾߣܵҪʲôܸ
ʵ֤ƺȼ֮ûȵ˯ʱ򣬱ѾòˣǽѾͷȻѾߵ˷ƵָʾȥƵüֱȦһ죬ͨһ
ĽֲκѾߣֻܶŶ˯ȥ
Ȼһ磬ࡣ
һϣѾûˣû𣿡
еĵ£æ
۾һҪʲôһ̴ﶹѿˣԡ
⡣
žˣҽ˸˼ƽ
˵㶯ͶѿԸɾ󣬱۰Ͱ͵ĵԺõġ
Ƶûƭһ緹ʱأֻǷٵù֡
ǳʣģɡ
æ֣ĸңΪ¸ġ
Ҳԣ𣿡ʡ
룺˵ЩԣܳԱ

ޱĿƣư󣺡£͵ΪСү
ǳ˳飬ջǵͷרˡ
һ죬û֪θСˣֻԼڱıԵʲôʱ򳹵ױסˣׯ˶ꡣ
һ峿ǰͷƺôá
ˣСˣһθڶûС
ľβ˵¿ɻǵãǰͬ˵ĶԶһ£
ǵãôˣ
һֱûץϱԶץˡ΢΢ջ
˰ΣʧЦ
ЦҲ˵ˣʲô˼
ǵˣץǹŹǵӣɣʲôģ
Ҿǲˡһ䡣
գգۣҲüͷ˵ʵҲ
¿ǧҪƽ̬ɱΪӡһˣʱԼĶ졣
һ˵ͲģöӶҪˡ
Ƴ׻ˣǡô죿ȥд򡭡
أסŪЩóԵҶԵ㣬˵ͺˡ
æҪӦȻû˵ڣ˲عζ¡
ˡ˲
̾ⷢҲûãҲԵģԼҾͽдһ̥ҩ
ô˭̵ģˡ
ĬĬ
յ£ֱϱӾܾ˵ˡһ̾ϢС˶һֱܹĵطԼת뿪ˡ
˺󣬼ƿӣŴ᣷õĴķˡ
ޱ仯һֹȥˣҹٵģļС
ڴϷȥһֱҹǿ˯ȥȻ˯˲һʱˡҲû޲һͷţ
Ƭ̣ʵܲˣ㾲ĵԱС˯Ѿߣ͵͵ˡ
ԭֻߣߵ㱻һ£ʶԭѾˡֻۻȥ¹ҳһִֺĶ񣬴֮һ㣬ֱӽֵʵʵ
öŵĳˣֱųķȥˣߵԺײ
û
㶵Ŀһ˲ΪԼۻˡ
ƺҲû뵽ʱĬƬ̺ʣôˣ
ʶ£ö񣬽ӲصʵʵŶˣЩԵģأ
鰸˵꾲˾ֲһ䣬˴ұ׷ˡ
ׯӰܲͽ˭ܴﾭȻû˵͸ֻ΢΢ףæɡ
˵գҪȥȻھʱͻȻڣЩ
סţׯиòĳӡ
ٺãҲôҹ
±УŵúҪˣֻܴͷ߬סԷӻ¶ûԣԶˡ
޴£㲻᲻šڡ
ֶֽţҲųˣ㻹Щʲôץȥ˵ЩڣҲֻ򴽣ǸĻʼû˵ڡ
ûֻǶĿƬ̣Ҳˡ



 133 

Լû壺˵ʲô
Ҷˡظһ顣
Ƭ̣סĵطȥ
Ĭվԭ, һֱ
˲ˣȻ뵽ҧҧЦһǲ, Ѿˣ
û, Ŀֻöٷ
֪˹ִж, Ҫ̫ˣתͻ޷
˽, õСʼͷ, ֻǿЭ, ǰߡ
ĸ, һ˳
ȵ˳ѲһȦ, һܵסӵİ΢΢ңûʲôʣ¡
˳ĿʼҵֻһССࡣȼԸ, ȣ˵˰ϡ
ڵɫƣͷ˶һ͹, ӹһ, ٹ˲һԵרĵĿʼ⡣˵Ӷ, û, ֻǰĿԡ
ܿ콫ֻԸɾ, ֽתС࣬͵ǰ, ɨһۣٶȲԾ
ʲôʱģʡ
ش𣺡硣
ׯץˣʡ
˵ˡ
ȥɣպҲҪǸ˿ˣǶ㻹Ƕң̫á
ü΢βŵڣҽֻǴɾ
պִҲҪУü䣬ûаòȻѾѡ񣬾ͰԼѡ·ȥҪٻͷˡ
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һ˲վʱԼ˫°ͣð֣صĸ˵ľҲ֣ǲϹˡ
˵ˡ
군˲٣ǵĿʼˣˡ

պҲҿ㣬ּһ䣬ǰڣȻѡ񣬵񿴵ֻﷳ꣬һҪңȰ˵ɡ
Ŀ֮ʣʱ򣬻𣿡
꣺ˣҲٵҡ
˵գ㲻ӦĻᣬֱŶˡ
ڶϣȻ˯ţûȥˣֻǸϵʱ򣬷ŭˡ
£ÿѷ˶ˣ͵ԣɵãȻʼԼˣƺѵ
£ʲôʱԼˣ˵ǰ£Ӧ˰
ؿ֤ݵģͱƱˣߺߣҽһ㿴һ뵰˳ˣģǻ˭
һ㶣֪ˡ
Ƽ˵ΪˣǿĵȰ˵°պܲ΢һ㣬ȥĻģ

˵һѣҲʼˣ̾ķҲȷʵ˵㣬ǶͲҹȥˡ
ͷ԰ҹ˯ţҲ֣رܡ
ɣҽгϸټӵ嵭ĳʳ˵ģԱ
æӦ԰һҲǺõġ
ƾÿԣҪȥԸֽסˣ緢ֵ뵰𣿡
ڰϣûüӣ˵üܳˣԣҽг
ûԣʧЦȻûӣǾͲҪˣֻܷڰϣ˶
ɻ󣺡ΪΣ
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Ƽֻ֣ôӦûٽ뵰ˡ
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ȻҪַʽģﻹһ˿꣬̾һ⣬۵˵Ȼ
ԶʧԵİƺΪѰ죬ﶺһ࣬ǽ˸ץסĶӸԵˡ֮ΣһθһѲƷڶһλš
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Ϊ֮󣬼ɤˣأأ
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֮ףܱÿУ⸱ӣҲֻ̫࣬Ҫµòá
㲻ңأӵǰ⣬ܲһֱġ
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㿴ƣıʲô֪ˡ
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 134 

, ŻڣԺ
֮˷һֻۣóȥˡ
ͷţҹǶ, ƿ˴ʱ, Ѿȫסˡ
ȥư°͵
ü΢βŻ̧, Ŵȥ̵ģ㲻ͷǰȥ, һһôô
, ֻǼߡ
ƲƲ죺װöԵжһ㡣֮û˵ʲô, ֻǲ޷ǰ
ˡɳ, ˵˽ԺӺĵһ仰
䣬ֻǿ, βŻռʳԵ̫٣赹ˣǲΪҷʲôˣ
Щ˫߬Ȼ, ȷŵѪζ£ΪλѪζ
Ǽ˻ͷеģ
, ŽյĴ, ܽȥ𣿡
˰ɣӲ, ҪϢˡܾ, Աߵ֮һ, ûп˵
ãһ仰뿴㡣
, ƣı۾ѡҪҺûʸҪˡ
οڣ𣿡
ﴽң
ŵѪζڡ
˵ˣ̾ʲô㣬ɡŵѪζˣٲǷ˲ɡ
ѾȥڣϵıҲǵúúõģᷢʲô
֮һۣ֮ȥš
߽޴ڵѪζϰ壬۵ǰڡ
嵽ǰɫ԰׵ڴϣһʱʧȥˡ
ȷʵ˵ˣûд󰭡
촽˶μѵʣ˭㣿
ɶֱģȥĸҸ֣ɴͼԣûңҽһֱԵ̫٣ͻȻ赹ʱӿ˰ڼϣһӳ
ղżʵȫϣֱ˿Ϸ졣
֮󿪿ڣǼţ˴ɱˡ
Ҳʲô¶Լܵˡ
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Сǲø㿴治ɫûʲô󰭣ӵѪζҲΪ˵ζɢ̫ѡ
Ŀ֮ɳƣߣҲˡ
㲻ؽԼϣ޹أ۾ˣ±߰ɡ
һ䣬֮һƣһͬȥ˲ߣڿ쵽ԺſʱͻȻ䵭ڣҽչˣ㲻ˡ
˴Ǹ⡣֪֮ʦĻһ䡣
ͣ½ŲڵĿ㲻ˡ
֮Ĭˣβ˵һ䣺˲Լ̫ܵ𣿡
ֽ߬
ͬ˵ǰЩׯӣ֮˵ţ㿴ı΢һ˵ֺãׯҲΪ֮һ㣬˶֪
պ󲻻
õ֮ɫҲǱׯӵ¾Ͱˣ֪˵ײ࣬ʲô֪ô˫۾ţ㻹վׯͷһվǽʮʱ˲֪Եδˣ
һ
֮ޱ飺νˣ´أ
˵ˡ
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αͱˡͻȻ֡
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Ĭһ˲Ҳǹġ
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ͣԭ˰ΣջǾ˵е
֮޷ĸѾͻˣüͷ٣Ȼʮġ
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֮һȲ裺س𣿵ԭȲϣһֱڸС
ǰҲͨˣαúӣԼԡΪϴԩңԸҲ֮ʹЩ¶ɣ۵һƬȻѾΪҷɱţҲΪЭˡ
֮ɴδֻѣʲôû˵ֻǾƬ̺Ե¶䵭Ҳ˼
ţɹ֮ɣԸҺͺԶ𴽽ǣӵ͸һ˿ᡣ
Щˣ֮̾һתƻ⣺Ȳ˵Щ¿ΪСүȡʲôˣ
ӵĴȽȡɣСǸǸȡЦ
֮㶣ȡ
ǰһֱ飬Ϊ˸ȡü
û뵽ᱻ𴩣֮ѵþȣҲֻ㿴
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֮ʼϣͨ͸ڱģΪ׷š֮͡
˵ͷ򣬺ġ
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ĳΪţȫ꣬ʮ֮ˡɲôãҿ˽ذ֮һΪİգÿֹ¶Ҫ粵һϧˮ
һʱʧ棬Ҳû˵ˣջµĺȻûôܵӰ졣
Ϊ̫Ѿ˶գʱʱСģ㲻Ҵţһˡ
ת۹ȥһ£ǽˣȻҲ˲ϳ͸Ű⺢Ӳ֪˭ʵ˵ĽƽղҪ˱Ҳˣˮ󣬾ĸĶˣֻÿι
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в¾ƵġʧЦ
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УͲɣɨһֻۣҪ㲻ö˾С
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ϣһȺ˼ףһ֮ͳһüǸ񣿲ȫҰɣ
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㵹ƵԶбһۡ
ƺٺһЦϽƴڻԹȥˡһȺ˵˵ЦЦ֮а¾ҪˣǴׯǻؾ
ؾɣ̾һׯȥҪġ
һȥͬ׳˵һҪǽԲһ࣬ߴٻȥ֮
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ôһ˵֮Ҳʼˣܲܽɣ
УĺܣֻιҲķˣһ´ĺׯ
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΢ɣͷĸڡ
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лˣˣ͵ˡŮ˵꣬ߴٳ뿪
ü뿪ķ򣬰ͻȻһ£ŮΪ֪ǴˣʶȥѰ뿪ȻѾټˡ
˲ĵĺһ


 135 

˳ĵ˼, һ±ȥ򣬽С쵰ŸԼ˯
ﶼ, պٸˡҧгݡ
̻סޣǸ, ͬƽʲô
԰԰ʲôأҲæŰǻ
Ŀ, αһ䣺һҪأ
ΪѵĿ磬Ĭһ˲ǱְͱŰܡ
ҸһܡСС
ǿ, Դ򰢼, 㳹ʧˡ
ƺ, æӲ, ǻЩݰɣˡ
ۺ, ôһ˵ʱ˲ԼǵСˣżͬһѰͽԼ޷
֪Ҫ֮һֱŵ, һݱʮůͣȻСģǵ˷纮
ĺѲ, һǲҩ, ǲϺҹޣһ˺ü, ֱᡣ
ת۱㵽˳Ϧ, ڹ, ٹٽԲһǿ˯ŵİ򣬲̫
ͷ˶˷纮, ֶ࣬ȥ֮Ⱦ˲ٹ򡣡ü
֮̾ɵܲնڸС
֪ҲʮΣİɣһȥġ
·ȥչˡ֮ο
˵ͷһЩ
˵գֿ˯İȻͨӤЩһΪֲƷϸţ⺢˷һ㳤ü죬ѾԲԲˣΪŵ㣬üãֵģŻϵޡ
ֻȾЩʵڽۡ
֮ĥĥ䲻ߣֻһ䣺£ˡ
ţúչ£ȥ֪ҡϸϸ꣬һͷ뿪
֮󣬱ŷƸϽˣЩȥ
һ·۵˹ſڣֱȥȥݼ˼ţ֮ȥͬŮ캮ˡ
Ϊ꣬󹬽ʮ֣ЦˣðӦˡŹһֱ͵Կеʱ򣬲ô˽еٵƫ
£һű㿪ˡ
Źüͷôˣ
⻰˵ãչ磬ܲЦʡ
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ģҲˡ
Źһɣһţ
㲻Ҳû취ĲˡЦáǰͼųܲǽⷢӣĿ뿪ӣ񰢼ѾȻð뿪
ŹϸΣ۵һ˿ɻ󣺡㿴Ĳ
ڶԶ࣬ľѾƽͣҲͬƽˡش
ŹĬãʵ㲻ôίԼġ
ΪȰҲҪΪͻôôҴӦˣ㷴ˣΡ
Źһ͵ҷ޳ˣҪǸ֣㲻֣־̫ίˣôá
ô̡
Źϸ룬һ飺ɱɣΪͻҲˡ
ɱ԰ɣһģ
ŹһɫζĶҩֻҪӦҾͽйľƱ֤վ͡
ԣɫ
Ź㶣ͻȻ۾㻹δˣ
δ˵£Щͷۣ֪νͣڶܸ㣬֮Ƿҵģ֪𣿡
Ź˵İٲϸ˵ˡ
Ƭ̣̾
ŹΣͻȻֲˣ򴽰βŵʵǻһҪ㡣
ʲô£
Ź˼Ƭ̣ϵǻ꣬ȴһֱûãչﶼдԣ˵ôһУǻԼӲãǵûϴŭɱ˼ʮ˲Žضϡ
üôû˵
ԴӻؾһֱڸвżзԷҲһο¹ϣû⴫Ź˵̾һԣȴһĵΪεڹﶼУܲɶɣ
һʱû˵ȻʺȻʺ꣬ȴֻͼӣЩ̫ðԼҲǼѲ˰ôһôûãƺҲʲô֮¡
Ҿ˵ҪʧˣŹСҵٺã⣬Ҳʲô
͵ػ񣬶ŹΪǸεĿþԡ
ƫﾲãŹԽԽʱס֣һܣǲ˵ģ˵ˡ
ܿɶкŹ
룺ǵᣬֻң㣬㽫֪ˣǻŪ㡣
˵ˣɶʲô𺦣Źʡ
Ĭһ˲һ֪һΣա治ǰΨһܼ̳дͳ֮ˣȻΪŵжд̣һй¶˭Ҳ֪ʲô
㻹ǲҪ˵ˣŹæҲҪˣúúҾǣҲǰ׼ҼҲõġ
¶һмЦã㵽ʱˣٺúú㡣
ŹģҲ̲סɵЦ
˵˻ŸԷֿٴγǰʱֳ˱˴˿ߵͷ
ں󹬶Ƭ̣ȵȥ
ǹԵʣŵͦûйˣһƣʽδؾˣҲ˼޾ʽһ
лϡѾоƻ˰ˮԵһһ
Ҳѧӽƺ꣬Ťͷڳӣ´ѽڣǺʱڰһҪ˲ǡ
лϣڳڼŵʾ
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ȻֻǴƷĹԱΪ˲ٴ£ǼŸǰ֮ĺˣԼƷײߣҲڿŵĵطһ̧ۣܿ
Ը˳Բ
ƽһ飬˿źƬĳԣһźĹ˼״ѯʣ⻹Ƭ̱ϣĵȺūŴ֭跹
ˣղô֭跹ˡû뵽ǵϴι£һʱЩЦ
ĺڣȷʵθֺܳԣ֮㲻ˣȳӱݻԭģȻҲԣθСÿǳԲ֭跹ֶ
ҲЩ˼æͷӦһ
״ʲôҲǳϦָȻ̧ͷϼŵߺַ뷨
ˣͼŶĳ̶ȣʲôֻǻΪ˵Ĵ
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ΪûҲ磬Ҳֳ˼ԣһٹõûȵʱоӲȥ԰˲ޣȴͷʱû߼
ʲôʱãƫƫʱ
ǳ˳飬һΧȷûˣŵڣ˺á
һۣһĮĴ߾
һ£ʶҪץ䣬סˣֻ뿪֮󣬲Ų˼ʶԼڶˡ
һǰΪ˼Լϧׯſڵϼʱֱӽİˣ仯ǡǹġ
ˣǼ˭õ¡λһӵĻˡ
ܿҴҵĳ˹ŷһͬظˡ
ȥ֮ĵһ£ȥ򣬵Ƚ˵İ˯ź˶̵ҩ
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սһˣǰܵúܣҲʪˣջãܵסǵȵ˻ιֻ³ȥƬ̾ͻ¶ڡ
ΪסĴڣֻʱίˡ򴽣ҩһ
̾ºСүܿˡ
һС£㲻ؼϡҩ÷ȳȥˣԼ»ѣһͬһꡣ
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ƣ˼֡
֮Ʊװͷ֣дϡ򡯶֣źЦ߳鷿ս鷿Źϣһͷһ£ϵЦɢ˴롣
ĳϦȥһˣֶһӣƺûȱʲôɵǰʱȴֱ仯޷ӡ
һ¶һЦݣ򻹲˵ģʹǸСǰˡ
ǸѹǮԸƽ˳죬ճ󡣡˵ţæͳһ
ȣкأ
ȻҲǳˡһ⡣
Ц£УҲǳˣҾ氢С˺
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㲻˵伪黰Ʋ
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˳ǰĻ˵ġƻǲô⣬ǿŹˡ
˶ֱ֣Ц˲ſ̧֮ݳһǮˣѹǮӦǼΪɹ۵İɣ
ֻ࣬׼ʮѡ֮Ľд˰ֵĺϡ
զࣺȻִ󷽣ɱļҵ׶ˡ
ǸǸģǸġ֮˵ţͳһ
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Ϊݣһӹϸо
ƶʱߺߣͲصˣԭȶû׼ôͻȻ׼ˣҺѷɫ١
ǣôͻȻ׼ˣоһ߲һҸҵԲ簢ĺҲͰˣƾʲôͷ֣ҵȴʲôûд
ⲻǽͬŪˣԲڰǷд֣ռ˱ô֮ش
ʧЦǡʧ˰
ֳһƬϺƬ̺󣬼㽫һɶˡ
ΪкӣһֻԵƬ̣㱧Űźһطˡ
һ뿪㾲˲٣żϣſԶ֮ųʳƻһûһ˵ŻҲ
ʢ֮󣬱һƬ顣
֪˶ãһ䣺Ҫ룬ǹ궼ˡ
΢ûп˵֮ԶҲûơ
򴽣ЩʧĿڣʵҲͦģˣ͵ҲֿˣµĸۡΡǽ껹Ҫһ˹Ĺɡ
֮Ķǳ׳Բȥˡ
Ժ޷ŵҡУһûһµš
ѾǶǲؼҹˣȰ˯ˣױ̨ǰͷϵ黨Ϊͷ̫ͷͷûһòģ˺þòǿһ֣ü黨ϣżںڵͷ
û˰æͷá
շ꣬űھǰֱӤĿŸϽȥ塣
Сҹѵÿ˯Ҳ죬㽫˯ˣ񾲿ɰСģĴǱ̲ס
ģӴͷóһڰҡ˾ֽ֮һŽȥģԺԺǰˣ
˯еİһ㣬һС촽£Ųų˯ȥǳЦһϸǺá
ﻹȼ̻Ϧ֮ҹûæµһİձʱ񻶣ƽȹһϲóÿһ䣬Цȥ˵ĵط˿̹¼һƬ
һ£ޱĹ¸ۡԺΪȥԶĸĸһһŵֽǮÿһֽǮһɻ࣬·һ㡢Լķʽߡ
յ𲻶ԭӷֻûа˲²˼
Ϧȥһ֮ȥһꡣ
ʱǱ飬˷Ӧÿʱ͵͵ߣһգ۰а±һˡ
һİ򿵽ƯСһ㣬˶ļ۰ڼÿʱƵ˸¡
պȻΪһ竣ſڵϲԷİٿǰķƺ磬ʱһͷۡ
Բһôͳˣ١˵뵱竣Ǿ͵£ǳס
˵ǡ̸͡ͷȻϲڹ̰ܽϣȴǳһ¡

ǿˣָǶܹǲˣ»ԼһƤܺӣҪѵ⣬ԣæӵ
ԣһ۾̺ĳ֡
֪͸ĵķϣξˡ


 136 

ò׺尢˷, Ƭ̣ȥѾСûˣǼŲ, Ҳȥ
ܿ쵽˻ʹſ, Ϊ϶񣬷͵˹ſڣȵ³, Ҵȥǳӡ
šӦһˣվڹŴĽһ, һߴʱ䡣
ǳʱ, һСѩ, ʵû, Դ˰֮󣬱ë, ǹŶֽҲġ
·Ĺ˺ͷ뾡ůһ£ԲԵüҴҵġ
, ϸˤˡ˺ѡ
΢΢ף֪ˡȻôӦˣȴû
һΣھ԰ʱ, ͻȻһϹٷĸߴӰ, һ£̷Ż˲, ų̬ǰ, ֱǵӰԽԽ, ߵǰʱǿͣ
ȻͬڳΪ, ȴټ棬ѾСδˡСʱ䣬ӣȴѾ˴һƷԱٵٶȱǰ
ӰΣû·˼ɵЦЦѯʣǴȱ·
ҡĮԱŲһ
ɨһ̧ۣű޹ȥˡ
޹ŵһ߽еһůֻůŨҩζԸˡ
ӦһҩζЦ˽ȥ밲
ƽɿȡ죬üͷԼ
æ˱ȲȥϽôˣ붬֮纮ˡ
̫ͣһʵãֻ붬֮󱬷˶ѡŲ˺üգ˿۵׺࣬Ե㲲
̾һ̫ҽԺʲôԵģôСβã
޹أ̫ͣϧˡڵ
ϵüͷ˳㴵䣺ϼĹ£ҲùȲͲŶԣҪ֪ݳգɻָء
ֿ˼
ü浹֪ýʲôˣ˼ҪҪٿʱˣճȥ
ػϵĻ԰ˣ˳ĵãǳ˵䣬ءĻش
ЦһЦ˿ԣϽ˺ѷεĿȣ˺ðβŻǫѷ񣬻ʽǽ˵ĺˣҲ¡
Ŷôˣʡ
źЦĿ֪ʣͲ˵㽫˴ӳˣ˵ȥ궬죬ڶԶ½Уǵͷգ˭ϣ˭¶ҪǼһӵġ
ǾͼŰɣɣô
ֵϣҲֻǵ˵ͷ
޹ٴξӵҩζѬͷۣûñ˼ôҽ뿪ˣȻãͻȻڣ޴ɽıһΣ
һ£ͻȻ˰Σһ˰ǲİ䱳֮ӵɣ
Ҳǣֻ޽շڣô¶ΣѡŻش
ЩͣǻϣʲôӣǾʲôӣʳ
ʲô̬ȣü
򴽣΢֪
ˣ֪鲻ã޻ȥ죬ǲ뿴⼸ձȥЪţ֮ϳ͵ϢˡŲ
Ŀˣ۵׵ĳһݣǣлϡ
˵ּģĹļ䣬¶ƣˡ
˹ţһֱȺķƸϽôˣ
Уһʱˡش
һǿ̫ʧˡ
˵Ŵ治Ļ·ĳֶûһ£ȻѾϰˡ
ˣϸҼյļ٣ҿԶ˯ˡֲһ䡣
㶣ôö˶˵ָ٣
˭֪ȻЪţһܾܾĵϡ
ǳ˳飬û˵ˡ
ɿϣڿ쵽ʱͻȻڣһ಻ϳʱϳʱ֪࣬ĻΪɢڼˡ
ȻԵõĳŸ㣺˻ã
ȻǺõģϲˣ˵˶٣̲סֹһ䣬ֻһ뵽Ϲ£㲻
ЦһһֱҲ˳ֲۣǲ֪
֪Ҳ֪ԭ̵ֻ£ǿ²˳ۣҲ£µ̣òҪˣԲŸôĿŵԶ£û»ҽڲõϳǱܿյ𣿡Խ˵Խá
˶٣ЦĿ˵һӰ˵ģҪԹĻ
ѵ𣿻ϡʶĵЩϾǸӹţ˰϶ȻλûȻǳ͢س
Ҳǳ͢سһĪ
̾ôһµĳ͢سͲµĳ͢سһ𣿡
һο㻹Щأ
ҵȻˣƲͲŲæɣȵձ˲ȵˣڵġ
Ǹ𣿡
ôûУϴβװǣʮ͢٣һ֪ЩĶӪģ˾ų켺ƺߺɱȵͶˣ
߶߶һ·˵ӶˣֻüװˣſϲۣΪǸ̺ӣʵʵıˡ
Ȼص͵ڷƾ㵵Ŀȥİȥˣһ취ûС
ܽʱڵȥ˷ܵĽһһ㳯
ЦĽűߵСһ˻ߡ
˷ܵÿˮˣֻĿżɵЦ
۶һСϺ󣬱㶪˸ƻ̱ſȥȻûʲô˿Ӱĺ顣
һĴ̲סһ䣺˭
˿ŵ˵ƯޣǼȲҲ·Լ͸óôƯһ㣬԰Ѻ󣬿һһĳڵģ滳Լˡ
ƻ˵ϣƲ
˴ƻϴɾˣ»
Ͱֵ֮ʱ򣬹䲼һʥּҪɽıһϢʱķƶû˵ʲôֻǳĬú̾ϣճԩѩ
˵ʱ̰˵ѾߵĻûл
үү
һ£ͷ򰢼򣺡˵ʲô
һ۾ɵɵЦһ
Ц飬ٳЩҴȥؼүү̡
үֺһ䡣
Ϊ֤ţϼſΪ̧Σһ±ҪףֻСʮղ㽫ԩˡ
ּգȥ˳һһĽֻĸо鲻ԽĿڶԷʱ¶һ΢ЦȻֻǵĮĿһֱۣӱ
ϵЦסˣβŵͷ
糯֮󣬼棬Щǰδ˵㿴һ˺ۡ˿Ѿ裬δȫãӦʮ֮ǰ˵ġ
üˡ
ֻǴҴס˿ڡ
ŻɫϲóԸһϴԩˡ
л¡
䵭˶٣ͻȻʶԸɣҲͬͺˡ
һ˾þõĳĬ
»𣿡
ûˡ򴽣뿪ˡ
վƬ̣ת෴ķȥ
ؼ֮㽫Լһرһգֱͷ֣͵ػȥſڴѾнӹ
ı永ѩ֮󣬱ǰˣţĵΪı׼ץ
Ժһ첼ͷ˸̺֮Ʊ͵͵˰ѽСľ׼һС顣
ǰǾͲ˽ٵ㣿εĿǡ
ƺٺһЦôණأһѡǸġ
ҲŸɣץ£ҲͼȤʲôҪϲá֮
룬ԼҲûʲô÷ŵģɴ˸ƻͷ
£Ҳ̫˰ɣƲ
𵱳ڷ¥ʱԼֻһƻߵöͨ¡Цһû֮˵ôͼȤ
˵꣬㽫˵ϣȥɶӣѡϲġ
˵ڴں첼ϣ󿴿ҿ֮ͻȻ˾ƨɣֻСֳź첼
ҪʺɣƾһҪȥ֮һѽסˡ
ֻΡΡվżЦðƺ־ò̫ϰߣſ£һƻǰ
˳ĬĿðƼѵһ䣺򡭡ˣ
⺢Ӹ˾ϲķʽԶôر
СȻһգôôѧ·
ŰͥԺֽǮȻųصķ֣ذ˰ݣ͵͵Ŀڣһˣѧ·ٴһЩұȥǣҲͦõģˣպúܺá
֪ǳʲôŻྴȻѾ˾Ȼֹ
ӾôƽƽĹȥˣĳˣɡ
ʱתǰ꣬ŵˣһĳˡ
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ۿҪһˣȥҲǰ취ÿο۰Ͱ͵ڴ۵ò֪Ǻá
£ڼһˣʵ̫Ǵȥɽ߰ɡ顣
̾ɽ̫࣬˶ӵģ»¡
û£۾ͰǰķӣʱưĺӣҲ˻ɣɽȻǰͷڶ࣬ɽȴ˵ģǵʱֱϺɽɽһ졣
΢ɣǡ
£ȥɣôˣŵʱָڼʵ̫ˡƺߺ
ʧЦǾͽȷһʧˣٴȥɽϡ
л£ƶʱ˵úʲôһ㣬Ҵȥˡ
һգڿԳˡ
ȥɽ·ϣ⿴ͣһ߿һ˷ܴУ
һˣõʣСһ˵һ䡣
Ű⿴֮ã¡
УҲ˵˻ôһʶĲˡ
һ·϶ʮ˷ܣڻûɽһ˯ˡϣԼڳԱ⿴쵽ɽʱһҪ׼ѰͻȻע⵽һйٱ
ôйٱüʡ
̴ְȥ̽һ
䣬㿴ӵʱһ£ʶ㽫ˣΪҲڣ
ȥˣź֮ܿο
æ˵ͷʵڲУǾͻȥ
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ǡӦһ
һ˺ܿ쵽ɽֱɽ徻ȥˣȼ˯İ򰲶ٺãҲ˻Ƿ֮ǰͷ𾭵ġ
һ£ȻǰΪӲã˸ɮȥﻯ⣬Գľ飬ҵġ
ǵ£ǻ𣿡ʡ
ЦЦ꾭Ӧþͻ뿪ҵžǡ
ǡ
뿪ص߿ŰԼҲʼˣ߻˯˯ˡ
˯ź󲻾ðˣſ߽޷ӦԼ˴СѾȥ
Ӻ󣬿ͻйԱͻȻֵСһüͷˣ˭Һӣôģ
ְҲ֪ôͻȻһӣ˵Ҫȥץ
һ㵽һֱû˵ԱߡɨһۣЩ˶ʱץˡ
ޱͷʣ˭
ͷγһЦŽĿתƵϵĳʳУһξӨĿˮСֱӵϡ

ҪҪ޹Ĵ۾С֡
մ˿ˮ֣Ƭ̺󿪿ڣֲɾҾ͸㡣
һƲҪޣȻΪֻǰĿ
Ȼֻһ룬ȴǳĹ飬޶ԣʶжûãǹԹ԰ϲ˲һγ֣ҪҪ
Ÿһ㣺أ
ûлشֻڽӹ󣬳ٴС֣Ļֻ
ü֪Ҫʲô
ˣҪ㱧йԱСѡ

˵һԼҪ


 137 

ʱְ򲻼, һӦǷƱˣˣʶˡ
ʱŵ, ̽ɽ, ɽ
ǣüͷšתҪߡ
֮æ, ǻûߣΪҰֳ󶯾, ǻɡ
˲Щ, ɽСϪ, ȥǱߡָڲ, ʣµĻ˵
֮Ѳֿܣʲô˲, ׼ȥѣδţһСо˹£һһС𣿡
, æʡ
Се˵ͷǰԺء
ǰԺҲ徻ĵطͺɽߵ᷿ӡæǰԺȥһȥһͯЦ, ͵һ, ڿԺеĳʱһʱסˡ
ֻɫٷĸߴ, ˿üº͵ĿСһԺת, Сһԭȴδ, һʱ䶼Цˡ
£ƴ˴æ׷
һ˲̧ͷ㿴˼, üۼº˲ɢ±ˡ
Ƶ˿һʱҲɵˣվڼ󲻸ҳǼǰȥ˫֡
ü΢һ˲ϵĺӱ
ʶҲӹӣŽӽϷˣԽС
⺢ӣôͻȻܵˣ֪ﶼҪôֵŰĺ󱳣һƬ򶨣ȴǲͣĳ
ûͨµʱֻɵĶżЦЦ
ʲôͻȻʡ
һۣЦأ⺢СŮ˱С
˵꣬Ʊ㲻ɫһż˹ȥһ߽ӹһ߳лл¶л£ǵ°ūҺӣū澿Ҫܻˡ
ллλˣϰ򡣡
̳£ū澶лˡ
ɣ˵꣬ĿڰཱུϣƬֿ֮ĺӣ
ش˵ĻǡüĿĻش
ʱԹԵĻһ±
ԣȥ׽С㡣æϰ
˷ˣﶯȥ㣡㣡
پڳƺʱһ
ʲôҲ˻ɣֻǵ˵һ䣺ӼԣǶ֮š
л˿佱£ˣСӣλ鷳ˣūȴȥһλл˵žҪˡ
㿪ˣȥɣҲŻˣȥЪžǣЩڡ
л¡˵㱧Ű뿪ˡ
ҵˣҲͷŻ˶ˣһɨһۣˣҲˣ˼æɡ
뿪
ˣص᷿ĵһ£ǽ˶ǲˣȻŰ˰Ŀӣݺݵĳһ١
⻹ǰһΰ򣬶ݵķ֮㿪ʼ޵˻ߣƵ˼ţƫƫڼŭʱ˭ҲҽȥֻͷȰ
꺢ӣŻԺ𣿣
ﱧ޵ֱãȴǳ֡
ϱ㣬Ժ󻹸Ҳһܣ
ִĳ֡
վԭزֱǰץסȹӣһ߳һҡͷܣԣܣﱧء
⻹һ˵ôĻҲ۵Ҫ̽ڻĽﲻǲ棬ֻܳȥһŵ˷֣ͻΣա
˵˵ţ־ðʲô˵ЩҲûʲô˼ɴҲˡ
ɽһΪܴҴҽǴɽʱҲͬɽſڴӱϣС֣һ˷ܵҪȥ
һЦ⣬֣ӱˡ
ϲЩᣬСûĵģ㣬ҲЦ
һ㣬̶¶ֺõЦˡ
龭䣬˿һ㾫ҲûУֻϱĿ񣬷Ƶ֪ˣҲûж
һ֮󣬼նûгţÿΨһҪ±ŰһֱɽԼ̫أǺʵ֤ˣûмǳ𣬻Ϊţһֱ鲻ӡ
һν˯ź󣬱з׼
ȥģƺ档
һۣûȥˣҽһˡ
һ⣬ΪʲôͻȻȥϣҲûжʣֻǹ˳ȥ׼
ܿ㵽˻ʹ˼ŵ޹ֻ֮ͷĿҩζˡ
ƣô˿ͨͨ磿üʡ
ſ˼Ŀһۣ̫ҽ˵ˣӲܼ硣
˶٣ǻǹŰɣСΪá
Ųÿɷֻһ䣺ʽôпˣ
ǻϵӣڴ¡
һʽǰջɽ棬ôжޣ
ȻǵǵģǰЩȥɽΪ˸º͵
ɨһۣģ
ƭʲôЦ˵һ䡣
ûĻ£ֻģ˵ջ˸ӣҵġ
һ٣ϲɫǳѾߵĺӣһʱûչ˺ãܵȥˡ
ǿɣʽҪúллУ˿Ȳ裬˵ǺӴݰüΪΣջʽҲơ
ЦһλѾߵĺӣѾȥлŶԣƾʲôó飿
ʽ㣬ЩˡЦȻ̬ȡ
ĿͻȻ𰢼򣬲ǻɰݣǵǣһŵҪôȣ罫Ǻ͸ΣպǺԣ͸ˡ
֣ǸūŵĺӣҲ˰ŭ
ЦˣǻϾͱлˣͰѺ͹ȥˡ
Ƭ̣ȷûɣȥ
ߵſڵʱӭײüͷԼʱʣɽһ£ͬ˵ģ
һ£ӭɵĿ⵭ڣǡ
һۣǾͶעһΧ㲻ɨҲ֪ġ
ü΢δ˵Ѿ뿪ˡ
£ڻؼ𣿡ʡ
ȥУ
㶣ΪΣ
ɢôãҲˡڡԽԽܲܲһӣҲʱΪ·ˡ
Ȼ˼ǹɵĵ˵ͷԸУȥˡ
ȣŵˣһҪ˯ϴղܻ񣬲Ȼͷۻģ۶ˡΪֻܽʱ仨Ϣϣпɵʱȫڴ
ƺҲòǰ취ˣǿʼѰķӣ̫ҽԺ޷κĲ㽫ȫϣݷǺƣϵɼдľġ
ѵʱ㲻࣬󲿷ʱоݷ𣬸ĴһɶϣһʱʵȨ
ҲûţУָ׳ñ֮ߡȻụ̂еһֱֻ˴ʱھ佫ʿķһʱ
Щ¶󣬼ڲأҲǺѲصסΪźܿͻ鷳ȻǣȻһֱûж
ݷӰݻˣ
ԽԽɻ󣬸ɴڷȥˡ
ʱŻ˯ţֻƫȺ򣬵ŵţע⵽Ϸŵۣһ£Χȷˣ̧ǰŷ
ĳ佫ڷţ佫ĿֱۣӷŻԭתȥĳЩۡ
ȥЩϵ£żҲжĵƺһDD
ȻǾôԾ
ʮ౾üͷšЩһֱʿЩĳ֪ܲɼȻ֪ΪЩûгһǵģ
ڰɨͻȻע⵽ﻹмۣȫϱһµġ
˽¾Ͳɥڴˣ
һ£۷ŻԭŤͷˣʲôʱģ
·һ۵ʱ򡣡
򴽣ЩǻҪ㴦ģ
ǡ
һۣΪεЩҪţ
֮󣬷ϴáش
ƤŶɱҲһˣΪλϵڻδá
˵ˡ
΢Уǰߣ㵽ʲô
Ŀ
һҵ׺͹Ҳֵˣȴһֱڳ͢ΪеȨͼıߵһ֮ңʱͣ£ͷ˫ۣҪʲô
ãͻȻʣҪ㼾£Σ
Цˣ㲻Ҫң֮Ұķˡ
һҪأʡ
ϵЦ⵭¹λ˭Ҹںһϻλһҵױضʱ򵹸ܿĻǰա
ȻˣǻˣҶλҲûʲôȤ
üͷҪ˵ʲôͻȻɨ󴦵һ˿ڣɫ˲һץס֡
û뵽ͻȻˣȷӦʱѾ
¾ɲһ˰̣΢䣺˭˵㣿
ڸλܻ񡣡Ľ£ϡ
ٿڣȾ˱ŭЩԷһɣôǴ̿ˣ˵ʵô£
ĿͻȻʣҴˣΪλҪң
㻰˵Ķʲôеûģա
ü΢˵ʲôһС̫ͻȻ̷ſ
£ˣˡС̫æ
һۣüȥˡһֱˣͬ˵ҲĲɣ̽ȷʵ֪Լº󣬱ҽ뿪ˡ
һߣŵС̫˽ȥڼŶߵ˵˼仰ŵɫ˲
뿪֮ԭȥʸģȻ֪Ķ˼ûµˣһڽºԿİ˵Ŀ⿴£
ȷǲ˵ˣ԰ɣҧгݡ
Ĭ
Цã㲻˵ǱҲˣù㣡˵գյתˡ
ĿıӰðűϣֶһ˿ڡ
˵겻֮ȴ̲סȥ飬ǲʲô˶֣Ȼöû鵽ʲôֻա
Щ˵ôģüôҲ벻ͨˡ
תֹʮգͻȻټĵһӦ֪Լ佫£һʱ䲻Щ飬һϸ֮ȥ
һֱû˯޵ˡʮûˣһţʱһ
żδˣݽȥƫƫһ˫۾úܣ˵ƣͼ˵Ŀͬʱϣ˻ǿ֮ĩĸо
ϣګګĻһɫ
޽յһõˣĵҩã޳֮һվ񶼼ã㿴ǲǺ˺ܶࣿźЦʡ
˼ǳǳһЦûóûֻǾûϽո⾫񡣡
Ǳˣҩǲù֮һ룬ֻϧףÿʮղųһҲԣͲ͸ʽˡЦ
º͵ϣööϲǣƽЩͨĲҩɣ֪ٳǰΪ£ⵤҩʲôͷúúòˡ
Ǳ߽˼ӣ飬ʽѾûˣʽ㡣Ц
һ£ô˸ˣ
ΪҴ˵ʲô֮ûˣΪ鲻ŷѾˣЦһҥȻֻҥԣҲȷʵķʽֻ֪»ޱţɴ򵥵ķʽһҥԣʽΣ
ĿЦðֻǳȸ˵һһֱδˣΪиƶʵ̷Ի˸³Ƚ˰ڱԺ
ڼȻܽŵ˴ؼҡ
żˬӦ±㰲֣˶ˣסҲԼ£ֻЩ˵޴͸ʽģʽɲҪˡ
ǵÿź˵ˣüȻˣҲúϳУɲƽίԼ
ŶʱЦһҭһʱϺ졣ڳĵģ˼䣬ȥˡ
ȻŴ˾Ϊ̽Ĺϵ͵һ㶼ܣĸӸߴӢٺҰԵüۣһ
̫棬ָһ˵°ͣȷʵźúˣǲһ֡
л¡˲Ӳݳл
ĿЦˣˣȥɣ㱾ˡ
˵ձתߣ⧲Ŀ
ʲôʱģ


 138 

ȻѾ, ɿһ̣Ǳܵˣһ, Ľĸˣȥɡ
ǡӦһ, ̸ߡ
ĮĿ뿪һվ, ޱ޵ߡ
޵ڣŸշһŵҩ, Ǿкõʱ, Ц, ʽ㣿
ػϵĻ, ˡƽش
ЦøˣһͿ, ǰıվá
ȡʽţǹɫģ˵мӺ, ȻֱӸҪˣһ취ûСһ߿һ˵
ƺ²Ȥ, Ҳֻǵƫ, ҪģҪ
ǰ, ޾ôһʽ, ɲöƫЩ, ſ꣬źЦ, ˵㵽ڶûȢޣ޸㱣ýΣ
΢ȻһͲ˼ҵĹˡܡ
ȴ·ûһ㣺ɼҵŮ˵òִϻۣ귽ʮͬ㵹Ҳǰ䣬ȹչ磬޸Ǵͻɡ
һ˲ϼˣ
ʲô޼ˣҲΪ¿ǣŵԽԽСͷðϸϸĺﶼˣΪģǻ˭Ϊģ
һֱ£еٿȻսƬ֮󵭵΢лˡ
޵Ŀıãĵͷſһȫˣȥɡ
ǡȫͷһơ
żһ񣬱ת뿪ˡ
ȫĽſͣߵ˵ƫƧʱͻȻڣǰЩӴ˺͵ƫʱһСŸˡ
Ͻշõҩ˲١һţ༰Ļ
ȫһ£ǣϾǺ˲١
ϧȻܲٳֹ£۵һƬǼӴҩ˵һЩ
ȫ̹ūʡˡ
˶٣ƽĿһۣСġ
ǣˡȫºӦһ
֮˱㲻˵ˣһ·Եſߣ쵽ſʱͻȻʣǼòܺã
ȫ㶣еò׼˼ǳʵش𣺡ūŵ۹ȷʵϸߴӢ
Ů˻ϲ
ӦûɡȫŲ³ʲô˼ˣһʱ֮Щա
ѹ˵仰˲ãžһԲ뿪ˣȫıӰʧڹ⣬ɵôԼһӡ
ߺȫҵ飬㼱ҴҵĻ޵˯ź󣬱ǰǱӡ
šžѣȫ±۾üͷʣˣ
ػϵĻѾ빬ˡȫæ
źӦһжԴͻʾ
һ䣬ūҲûûвֻһ·ūźüŮ⣬ūҲôֻ˵ˡȫĻش
ЦһֵúߣǶ˼ҹͦȤˣȥɣЪ
ǣϡȫӦһ˯뿪
߼˹ֱӽĸ˽˳óϵıԺͣԼͷһͬƵ·ϡ
£ĸӣüʡ
ɨһۣôˣ
û£ֻǾãǼпǻߣ»Զá̾
ЦЦΪǻϵߣԲŲԶˣ˵ҵǣѵɣ
ʲôɣƲ⡣
˶٣ûлش
ƻҪʣͻȻһ죬Ťͷһ൱ϤһǶʱԱ߾
ȻߵǸǰʱȴͻȻͣﴫôͽţ
Ŷ̫ˣֻˡش
ﾲ˾͸˿˿⣺ҲϧԸԼţҲ᲻ĸۡ
ǽҪ̱ҪСû˵ʱо鲻ˣȻ֪һ鷴ˡ
ξ˸ãŵĮڣǱپ﹧صµü֮ϲˡ
⻰ţôôأü˵˳ȥ
ƶֱʧһĪŤͷ£ôãԴˣ
㻹֪ʲôԴףЦ
һ˲ԭǲ֪ģڳǶʱգնڳԴףҾ뵱СͬºˣΪλҪԴף
ԿԶȥһʱû˵
ҲûлشƵ⣬ֻǴߴϽߡ
ߵк󣬷ȥ˳
һţ㳯ż˹ȥ
ЦŽûף
룬ǵĻشָ꣬Ŵŵķ򣬡ȥȥ
̾ĺٵȵȣȰʱȥòã
ҪҪȥһƲۿ˲ᡣ
ʮִӣֻôȥͷǷһ棬ԴתעȵŵºŽƺ翴ţԼ֮ͬһߡ
´ȰԺ󣬽Ѹ£֮ѯʡ
򴽣֮Ϊס
ɻҪ꣬ˣÿﶼҪţµÿտ֣֮ʡ
˵ˡ
֮ͣĿƬ̺󿪿ڣԭδģ
ȥ̫ҽԺˣǿ֮ĩֻЩ㽫ݴ£ƽĿʵʱĳϲңҲͬ佫һ뼾Ϊ̫ӡ
˴㣬ֻҪûãӿҲֻΪαһҪȵ֮󣿡֮
ΪҪӿһ԰ɱģұ޳Ī
֮˵ˣ֮ŻǲأֻҪ붯֣µʱҲǼѻס򡣡
Եõأ۾һ֮ˣΪ˴ʢŭ֮±Ҳпܵġ
֮˶٣յĿʲôˡ
̾һҲ꣬ϧҵİˣֻΪҵĶӿǣĴ£͹һǧˣֻǿϧ򡭡ôСҪǸλӣʼΡ
ŶܳһֱȣʵƺҲûʲôõˡ
֮˵ˣ֮ſڣµһǰᣬڻϰᲡأǻͻȻأ
һ¡
ǺˣٹٶֻҪӦ˭ҲκβΪסȨִԵﱧһѡ񰢼ǵʱ򰢼ǲһΣգ֮ÿһⶼֱָҪ
ƤΪЩУΪʲô
֮һ㶣üͷһԲ˳ˡ
Ҳûа취ҵ̫ͨҽԺոҩ̫ˣȻһãðվðˣȻǺͰҲðգһ̾ϢֻԼˡ
Խ˵Խ㣬ɴһصߣ֮ıӰ˰Σתȥ鷿дһźͳȥˡ
֪֮ʲôط˯˻󣬾ʱˣΪԼױһҪԺȥ
£𣿡ƱŰ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
һҡҡͷء
Ҫ衭ʶڣϽ죬ðһ䣬ܾͼı졣
İɣֻӦһ£µġ˵գ㽫˸ȥˣԼԺߡ
ǰʱ֣Ƕؼҳˣ·˼٣һ·ͨȻߵһʱ򣬳ͻȻ͵סʶĳ鵶ڼǰ
ûû£ǰ·һʯͷסˣСȥһá˵æ³ȥ
ûзɾ裺ƽ·ƽ̹ΪνͻȻ£
Ӧûд̿ͣҲóˡ
ӦһȻŵ
ȥʱҪһЩõ綼ЩͷˣƿͿڰϰ
ۿɫΪļǰȥﳵ򣬵ΪҪֻڳڣųһ˰ᡣ
쳹׺ˣǿ꣬ǰȥȻһ·̲סһ
ôˣü
򿪿ʱˣǰ桭һʯͷ
磺
Ľÿǰһʯͷʯͷϻ˸ĹںڰΪۣԶܿ˿صײȥ
ʯͷˣİüһʱû˵
üб·ȥԺ𣿡
ĻС·ֻ·治ôƽش
˵ͷҪ˵С·ߣĿڣˣС·ҲǱʯͷˡ
֪ģɻ
Цһɵֱʣװ֪
㶣λȻµ˼ǡ
ԺҲԶˣȥɡ˵ű
粻ͬĸϣ£ɫͷȫʵڲоȻظɡ
û£ȻҸЩϷȻϵҪȥȻԵãǰȫء
ִˣֻøȥ˵һ䣺ʵûҪǽȥЩˡ
ҪȥģɫأЩȥҲЩҽڽǴˡ
ü´Σ
ȻźģźĲãպǣ߽˻ȥҲпԭĿһۡ
綮ˣ΢΢˵ͷ֮˵һ䣺ίˡ
ЦһͬնЩ±ʲôί˵սеĴƿ磬֮ƽղԵķ
紹֪ˡ
˵Żܿ㵽˱ԺСѾȺʱӭȥһӴģֱȥӣȻֻû㰥Ӵһ
üôˣ
֪ʲôһ¡ü
ЦЦնó棬ҧҲǽȥİɡ
˼æȥһۣΪѵĽֱָϣȻ͸оһȵ߼Ҫָƴ
Цһװʲôû֣һͬݡ
ź򣬵ȵǰóԲˣԵʱ򲻾佫ҩмϡ
£Ҿһһ˲ӲĿƱ
ЦӣҲϽžٱһʱ⽫ÿ˵յ÷ůĺгάֵüá
ȾƣݳĲˣϲģպͽС˵ſһۣ̿ʼΪ˲ˣֻǰԼϲĲɫ
£ݳķҳԹζģ˵ı޵
Цһ۲ת֣һʱ俴öҪˡ
Ȼôϲźɡڡ
˻ع񣬶ʱһƬм֮ɫл£
ЩԵģ޷ߣԡ֮󣬱޷ұɡ
˵ձֱ޷ȥˣٽʱѾˮһݽ̫·Ľš
¸ϽЪŰɣūȥˮѾ߹
Ӧһݺѵֻʣһ£˦ЬڴߣȻɵĳ

һ۾Ϣ
ܿ죬ſڴһ춯һ΢΢̵ˮ͵űߣ۾ֹһ䣺ˣȥɡ
˵գ㽫ŲȽˮˮСȶǣ˲ƣһһ˫ֱסĽš
˲۾˺㶣βſڣô㣿
Ϊϴšϸ۵ĽѾ
̲סȻɷ˵սˣһܵĿܡüͻȻһ䣺Ⱦˣ
šش
ΪʲôȾƣ
ͬЩ˺ȵøˣҲ볢̧ͷڳֻһ
ĺӣðգһ۾ʯͷŵģ
ǡ
ΪҪôʡ
ϻش
Ƭ̣˵⿪ڣҪǲ˵ǾͳȥɣǻҪź򱾹
ˡʮƶ
һ£ô֪Ѳҩʱˣ
ðʣſڣŰ£Щ˲֪ΪͻȻʼӣǳԻ˶ǵµҩã
ҩһ£ͷɵģ
û˵˵һС
£ڸ˵ʡ
Ҫڣһ˵ˣǡ
ѵòһ˿ȣô
ˣȥɣͷۣôҵġ
ȻǷĵģô˵󣬱ûԥ뿪ˡ
һߣͷҲˣЩ˽ҹź򱾹ˣ·ˣҲ˰ɣ
ߡֱĿ
Ϊβߣ
ҽ˵վϵˮĶԼϣ󽫽ˮ£Ҫ¡



 139 

ĬĬƬ, ￪ڣ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
֪Ҫס˵꣬㽫ĽŴˮ̳, ϸķԼϥ, ɫĹٷ˲䱻ˮŪʪһƬȴ, ֻͳš
̲סѽҲ˲˴ϣ, ˡ
, ֻͻȻ⿪Լ
ǳ˳飺֪֪ԼʲôȻ, ɲ, ߵÿһˣп, £֪ˡ
֪γ, ֻ˷¥
һ£Σûв͸ǽô֪ûͨ
û˵, ͻȻֽƵ˴, 浹£ԴһմҪ, ȴ, ֱѹϡ
ΥᵽϵϢ, һ˲ڲסԼ, 򴽵ʲô˼Լˣұ㲻ͬƽϣ
°ʹļϣ΢ĺͷѹôȴһɵֻܽȫ
һ
˲áͻȻ
һ£δڣһͣ׺ɣĺԺǶ飬Ժǻĵġ

Ǳһ㲻ίԼȥദһ䡣
Цһ̫ܵˣ˭Һദίˣ
꣬оĸ첲㱧øˣҲӵƣ㲻ίǺȾƣһ㶼ίҪίΪ
ΪͿ˵ΪǱӦЩˣĶǸȤˡ
Ļû˵꣬ȴ֮⣬Ĭһ˲󵭵ңһŮ֮顣
ĿͻȻýǸûᣬЦһʼ𣺡ĻϲңΪڸƽ֮󣬻ҪӱΪİ·ˣڸ߹ٺ»ͱ֮ѡǰߣΪұ
ûС
ûʲôûѡǰ𣿡ޱ飬һ£Ϊƽ֮󻹲
δɹģİˣżѾϰδĹĸ顣ΪδĹɻΪʲôҪһ⣬ǲߡ
ʲô
⣬Ҳ֪ܻش𣬽ոɴƣͿʱ򣬱һԣܲ˵ԭ
ϷſˣʱҲúͻȻһ£ٸһµʱ䣬Ҿͻش㡣
ôһ˵ﷴûˣǰȣ˵Ǿ˵ǲ˵ԺҲ˵ˣҼȻѾ룬Ǿ͸İ죬ٸҸҵ£ݹҲ
򴽣۾Сһ
ôҲûãҪôߣҪô˵ǿпơ
ϳһ˿ð˵һ䣺ˡ

˵ģҲ֪Լˣжϲ׼ȷԲ׸ߡһһͬͣܲܵѵ㣬ٸ㡣
С˾Ͳ˵ˡ
ܾøɴ䣬۵һ˿ʧ򴽺Ӵȥˡ
ȥģæס
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ӻţףֻǾۿ͵ܣĿҲġеۣȴ֪ۣ۾ʱüͷģֱ˯춼ûɿ
ȵĺ۾ĿѾûͻȻƺ˲٣ҲΪ䣬£һͻĺᣬһ·£š
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Щ˿ڻ糤˿ƽһذ֮ˣȻʱּΪԣǳʩŰˡ
ǳ͢سˣ˭ʩŰ
ָµӣȻĸ첲Ҳ˰̡
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ΪʲôҪԼʡ
ĵĵţ֪˶ã΢΢ɳƣҿƲסԼ
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ȥȵǰϥ£ϥǡһ־Էӵ֮ŴԲ𡣡
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ûô΢΢ü˵ͣһ˲ֲһ䣬Ҳں롣
ѾǱϾ·һ˷ֻ»׶༪١
Ըֱ֣аʲôҳôû㻹õŲ»ƫƫҪǿˣ

ôܲըˣΪ뿪ĵĥһ㣬ҲŻߵģأ㾹ȻԲУûģھȪ֮¿ɿأԴĺӣ
˻Ѫۿ͸ˣ޲ñӺݺݳһ٣ǲܽѣɴȥǰҲʡԼ
Ȼû뵽ôһɵҲʼˣ޴ס֣ץסһĵݣԲ𡭡
ҵǸҾһ䣬Ժ𣿡ʡ
ϳһϸܵĺðμѿڣҿƲסˣҲˡ
ڿ۾ͻȻ˻硣
Լ˵ģҾͿţмҶǵպ󲻶ʱļ飬Ƕһǰ糤ûƤˣҶҪÿ档
˾Ҫô飿

ı飬ʶˣϽֽһ䣺ҲǸ˼
ҹʲô˼֮а취
š֪ȥˡ
ѵ䣬ֱڸգ߰ɡ

£ü
ĬƬ̣Ǽˡ
ҶûȤ
ıŷõģ֪ˣȻǲȤպͲҪԺˣϲܵġ
˶٣ô֪ܣ
ûܡش
üͷ΢ȥԺͻȻһɧ𣺡£Ҵ
˭
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·ϣһҹδ˯ļƣϣһҲ˵
綢˰Σ̲סһ䣺ºͺˣ

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Ŀǰ벻ͨͻȻͨˡѹΪĸƽ֮󣬻ϻߣѹ˵ٸһµʱ䣬ѹҪԼƲϵ
һʼûзɱ˼ţȻĹΪֻҪΪĸƽ
һ˸Ȼز飬ʱʿ˭ɰ¹ѪǴʲôط˽ȥģһһ塭ǲڲǰ˽ᣬΣա
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ֱӽܵĿ˻Բѵļ֮󣬱ֱӽ˷ԼץסʿŹƫȻȥ
ŹϵЦ˲䶨񣺡㡢ʲô
ｫ˰ʹ˽ҹ֤ݶ˸ŻԣȨΨŹ¼Ҫ֣Ҳô֤ݣֻҪϰα٣ⰸӱԶ鲻ࡣ
Ź㶣δ󾪣ѹʣɵģ
š治ɫ
ŹֱҪĹΪҪô
϶أɱɱңֻˡ
ŹĿһ㵱ãԼŮ߰ʮĸ㾹Ѹ
Բ𡣡һʱҲ֪˵ʲôûԼģҲ΢˿
Źŭˣ˵Բ£ˣô죿
ߺΣڹұŮˣȥ濴ұȨƵĹˣܽؿɫԸʲôҾʲôͷ
ŹȻɳܵĶˣӦЦһ˵ףûã»ֻܴѡЩͽΪж»ʵǻ
Եġش
Źƾʲôôƶ
ΪȻûжӣУգգ۾һɵĻش𣬡ǰģһˡ
Ź


 140 

ƫĳĬ, ֪˶ãŹͻȻʣǰ˵һֱҵܣ
, ı֣Щ, һֱûã֪Ĵں, ԰ôһֱڼ, δ֪κˡ
ûӡŹĿ
˾ǰ, , ȥԶסһʱ, ɻǵã
ʱģŹʡ
Ϊ侲ȴЩģҲ, ֻǵʱ˵Ӻ֢δпԱһֱû˵
п˽⼾ʮ, Ҳܻ˵仰Ź촽΢û˵һ֡
̶Ϊ˰İȫ, Ҳûа취, ҵֻܷ, ǧҪ, , ܵĻԼŲ˵ʱǵȥ֡
Źָʱع, ˲ըˣô¶ûң⺢ӻġһ£ǷǲһͿʼͼıݳɽˣƭǰɣ
ûûУû֣æ֪ӵĴڡ
Ź˲侲ʲô˼
֪ʱةȥ˵һ̥סûͬ˵ˣڨڨؾûãǱˣ֮͸û֪
ԡ֮ǰ֪ˣŹɡ
ĵ˵ͷ
ĿڹŵǿͻȻɢˣ˶泩ˡŹ΢ڵϹţһɢڣʲôʱ򣿡
һ֪ˣǸϽվֺõȥ֣㲻
˭˵ģҶˣŹһһ뵽ô£ұһ
ɣ֮ͱˡ˵ţͰѲ
ŹģЦˣһϣ۾㻹жܣһ˵պԼˣҶҲԭ㡣
˾̾º󣬾ͽЩ¶˵һ飬ǡ׷ɱɽ򸾵
Źû뵽Ӻ󹬵ʱȻô£һʱҲþûл
֪˶ãϣһȥһƽޣȻȴǲˣɱ˴ҼõĳҲ
ŹһǸӣôܻĸԸͬƽޣֻǰŷűԿʱ򵶸ѪɺӣܿĻǰա
򴽣˵һ䣺ίˡ
ʲôίģŹһۣϵЦ⵭Щԭûʵʱַ⣬Դ˻ʵ֮󡭡ˣˣԴҵ棬ֶͬŮ˻һʱұģô΢ҲΪ˹̳裬ϲ
˵˶٣΢΢𣺡˵ҲЦ֮ԴԵɲͬΪ㣬ϲҸҲʹѡ
̶͵͵Ļһ
ΪҲ֪ɣʵﶼ׵ģҲǰװ㣬ﶼףŹۿ΢죬ҵߺ󣬸ɩңֶŮңҲδĴңⱲӣδ̫ʧˡ
һ㶼ʧܣס֣ҹԮʱ뵽ѡ빬ʱûõʱû˱
ʲôãһ㶼ڡŹ
ǳЦǾͲˣٸһʱ䣬ʲôʲô
Ź۾ãڸôûϻٹЩҩ
Ǿôˣһо˵ˣû뵽Ӧûͦ죬ҪŪˣʱЦõֹûţڴ´֮ǰҲ𣿡
֪ˣб𣿡Źʡ
룺һµʿٽ¶һ±뼾ŵ˽˶Թ漰Ըἰ£ˣҲٲһ顭ˣ˸õʲô֤ݣӦҲˣǿٵģĪš
Źţ˵˵ͷ֪ˡ
ֶ˼ģûʲô˵ˣͬһȥǰżˡ
ռڹСղ뿪ʱһ£䵭Ŀ
ü΢ӦѾ뿪ˡ
ҹѾԸе磬ڿԼԺʱļװû˳һ̶⡣
ֱȥԺ޷Υķ˲䱻Ϥζͣפſھþûߡƽ飬̧ǰߣŵһζ
һġڼϵζ
ĺᶯ˶βŴ߽䡣
Ѿˣ˺Ƥѡ
һ£ţ
·۵͸͡
𽥷죬ðȥԼ´ǰδЩһ㣬ѣò¡
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ֻ
Ȼأ֪ʲô˼ɵЦһҽ·Ϊ˼û˿ڣΪʲô
Ķˣȴ򶨣ҲΪġ
ͬЩֱ˵ʣŵĶõʿµġ
ûп˵
һֱδʲô󲡣ƫƫԽԽҲģһ䡣
ǲ˵
ˣ۵һ˿㱾ԽԽˣҲ֪˭ԭȳŵ˵ᶯš
ҲǰŵҲͲˣƫƫûⱲӵ¸ϵϣҲǽջظ֮Լ˺þãͻȻͨ˵ġ
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ԼԽ
Цһô㻹ˣ

Խղŵ̬ԽһӺȵҹ
Щǹ˳ĹȥˡһסŵĶ䣬ŭʣǲǲʶô
û뵽ֱӶ֣һʱĺ˲˶Ҫˣ㡢ſ
ţƭ̫꣬ҪˣԼһֱıɱŵ£ûģͻȻı⣬úһ
üͷ壺Ҳƭ㡣
¶ţ˵⣿Цһ̹֮ϣѵ֪
ʱѾǷޡ˵ˣѵûҵ£۾
뵽˲飬ܵĹؼʱǲ䣬ǹŲӵûУ

ôҾûСߡ
ĬƬ̣Բ𡣡
һǸöˣɿĶ͵һҲˣͬƽϣʲôƻͬҾĲˡ
ĿͻȻʣԸͬںã
ôҪԶˣб
ѾԲѣȻͬŹѾˣҪҲʡǷٷ롣
Ѿ룬㲻ʲôˡѡ
һ£˵£ɱʵۣ˵һ£ĳ֮ף㲻صǷԡ
һ˲ǲɣʱˣǾ̫Բ˳ˣһҪگ֮ٽ
ˣҲǵʿɱģ͵޹أȻ˳ش
˳ɶȴˣ뼾ŸðѲ˻Ϊ˶λɱ˼šֹĿѰĴڸһ뵽ղԼĵ˵ûЩˡ
¡
һ֮ҵģȻˣұ㲻ʣ¸ʲôд㡣
ͬĿȰ䣬ͷͻȻűѾ߽ŵ£СүûôƢ
ˣ֪ˣæȥȥ
ע⵽ɫ񽥽
ūֱɣҲʡõȥѾߺĵ
ҪˣɰͰ͵ľܾģϽȥɣȥˡ
ǡѾû˵ʲôֱת뿪ˡ
ѾһߣӲͷƤʱˡ
Сү˭Ļ
һ£δǰ֡Ĭһ˲͡һôСƺҲ֪϶ǸӡϽ߰ɣҹ͡
õԼǾδƭˣٰѰĴڸ궼ˣҲ졣
Ȼô죬ΪҪΪߣڳĿӣҷǵãҲƺΪСүѲɷҲǺӣ
ڳˣͲСүˣǰǵġգգ۾Դ򰢼ǱƺΪСүԭȵķСүмǸСֱ㱻ȥˡ
ײģҲôƺˡ
ƣҪСϼ֮꣬ǰ˵ùȻû¶ЩģǶ༸ƫ
⻰ôֵֹģ
ûӦԴ׵ҵˣȷӦʱѾߵſڣĿ䵭·жԵζǰΪԼˣ²ףԭбסˡ
˵գ뿪ˡ
ˡ
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̾һȥֵİ򱧻޷ôˣȥûϲˡ
ϲˣ
Ŵݰ׵С쵰۵һ˿Ц⣺벻
ƺİʱˮ۾
˵ͷԣ
򻶺
ü֪ʲô𣿡
֪ش
ֱ֣˺ð§˯š
һ磬ֱӽˣյŰҲ֮ǰǰӣǴ󷽵ĳЦЦ
Ȼֱӱ
жĿ죬빬ʱѹлͬ˵
һ۱תˡ

׷ȥ̫ҪֻȴҪģȥͣȻǴıܿü춼ϣˣҲŤͷߣ˿͵Ļᡣ
ֱЦҲˣͿŤʲôʱ򣬷ǰвˣٲˣҲҸԲ¡
ôţյĴжһ¡ڼšԡѣⰸȫ͹ƿ֮£Ҳס
һգڳ˽ֻȼˡ
һڹſûӭȥǵߣھʱﴽȥҵİȥ
վ
ֹȻ˵㣬Ҳú壬ЩˣͺһӴףѲýЦе뿪ɫѾˡ
ϣŴ߿оˣƤ˶Էһۣʲô
أޱ飬ôûޡ
ôûء˵ԱߵĹİ
ѾĥˣҲûע⵽İֶСֻǺ۽ôԡôԺͱˡ
ôˣЦ
˫ȭҧһˣ
ϸ˵һ࣬ϸĻˡش
ɤӶˣͬҺ֮ǰ
ۿҪˣٶֱ˳֣ˣˣҼӣҲֻһˡ
ĿȻôš
εĳȥδǰͱ͵ر㲻׼ġ
ûģһֱֻһĺ󱳡
øЩǿеİ˭
ҿԸ㣬ǰ㲻׼ҵ׼ԼĿڡ
һ·ſü˺һЩȷĿڣ㲻˵ˣֻһˣ
ǰֻ㣬ʧЦǡ

û˵꣬Ǹ㱻ˣ߿գźһĴ۾ãĿż
˲ϳɽ߶ĺӣ뵽ʲôסͻȻӿ࣬ײĿۡ
ĿԼһ͡
飬һָָϵСޣţġ

ͻȻϽܹȥ𰢼ߵ̵е
ɵĻ
ãŻĿŮˣ˵ˣһ쵰
ʱݸТϷˣʲô
ú˳ˣҧ۳ȥıƽɪɪѰƽʱסŤͷܳ޷
һʱԡ


 141 

緿ʱ, ˲ǰʣд̿ͣ
ûûУȴ̿͸¡ܵǰͣ, Լ˱ˮ
üͷʲô˼
һˮһ, ӷº磺ҰѰĴڸˡ
Ĭһ˲Ҫְȥ׼
׼ʲôʡ
ޱĿְֻǾã׷ɱ, 뿪ܱܷͷҲǺõġ
ܲ𣿡
»ǻȥɣϸһ, Ȼ, 粻, ˽, ú˵Լ˵ÿЩ, ס
ӣ֪ҪúýͣⲻһʱôٵȰʱɣʱ֮Ҿͻط, ðú˵ڰɰķϣԭһˡ
̴žž, Ȼ, ҲûȰֻԼĵ
ｹȥ, һ̧ͷͿĲ, ɵ²һ䣺Ͳͬ˵˵
˵ʲôͣеĶ, Ŀ
Ĭһ˲ˣûʲô, ɡ
ǡ꣬Ȼͼˡȫ˼İ̾
ǳ˳飬ԼģͬһƬ£ȻҲϲͨ
ڣӺסˣ̾Ļ޷һ·˺ü˵ǣһֺ󣬱һƿ޷ŨDD
տҲ
㶣Ͻ߽ȥ
û˵Ҳڸ׽ԲأüͷŻ档
˵ȥ涼֨ȻûڼҰĵİ޷һ飬ͷϿ
ţȥӺӡ
Ƭ̣Ѿ߰ѷƽˡ
£ôˣæʡ
ޱ飺Ѱˡ
ƣ
Ƭ̺ʱըˣʲô˼֪ˣ֪ҲУǵģɣ
侲㣬ûͷ۵ĴϽҡˣȥˣȥӰ򡣡
Сһըȥһ˰ɡ
ԼûԼǸ鷳룬ͬĵ˵ͷû´ȥҲѰ򻹻һ
Ѹбһ̧ۣȥ
㶣ð仰˼ɵ𾪵һʲô˼ҪԻͷݣ
߷ǱѾͬȥӰˡ
Ѿٽʱ䣬·һҲûУͨĳķʻһ·̾Ϣϣüûƽ
絭ĶƬ̣󻺻ڣ·ûܣǺúͬ˵ĻͲҹһˡ
ѾˣܲܲҪٴ̼ңĿ
Ĭһ˲ǽԼʵ˵˳ΪҪѰߣŰõż㲻˵ȥϽˣǲΪ£Щôԭ򡣡
ʲôԭȥͬú¡̾
üǸϲģ
Ǹϣʱߣбһۣңһܣ
Ȼͬĵ˵ͷȻǳҲ
Ƭ̣һͬȥͬĵþˣֱҼ᷿ЪţԼҾǡ
ף֪ˡ
ûʲôɶˣǳĿ⣬ſžȻһ⡣Һ˯֮ǰѾǰгͣȥ˱𴦣Լͬһվ˴ǰ
ƺзԸտţڵˣʲôûʱǽȥˡ
Сһ·ߣߵһʱСǱͣи곤ЩЦ£˷ŷԸˣµȥȥ᷿ЪϢ
һ֪ûˣɵ̾ϢһԹĿ硣
£ְˣСЩ˵꣬͹ϸһС뿪ˡ
ͷɥļߣܿ㵽һ޷ǰС˽쵽طԺˣһſڳãջ֡
ȻҪţ̲סͣƬ̺ƿšûһƱƿˣżΪϤװ걩¶ǰʱסDD
ǰӣȻ޷һģһҲ̫һ˲ٶԭȾɵһЩҲˣǰ䷿ıǰÿһİ裬ŴΣСƿ·豭ıǣùЩȫһ
΢˽ȥÿһһ֣ʲô鲼һС
䴩ߣһΣ־ͣ½ŲſƬֱ̣ͣ£˽ȥ
ȥʱ˯İǱӣһ̧ͷˡ˲ʧΪ㲻ˡ
һЦ㶼ѶӸұˣҸҲ𡭡ҽͣҵ
꣬üѹѣ˯ˣǳȥ˵
ɰͰ͵Ӧһֿһ˯İ򣬲Ÿ䣬˸һ¡
Ǹʱ䣬˶Է̫£ûзʣҲ֪ôӺ˵
һǰȿˣǴˡ
ʵæ
ʣΪεʱң
˵û֮ǰʱܻ£ͷҿҲ˵һˣϣգں˵Ϊ
Ϊ˵֮һ𣬻صչ˺ӡûж˲²˿̵
򴽣ͻȻ˵һ䣺һҶﶯʱʱһ䣬̶¡Ҹʱϲס
ȴδ׵ΣɫƽȴЩȥͼӣ֪ӵĴڣûҪҵʱߣľ
ҲΪﱨҿģ㶼֪ҶŰһТ˳æο˵ͣһ˲˵ˣ㵱ʱͬҺ룬ҲûҪӵ¸㡭˭֪ܲƽأҲԸͽʹࡣ
㴦ΪҿǣȴΪ룬ҲĸףҲķ˵ţͷͻȻȥһͦñֱĺҲ΢΢
ͻȻʶԣ̲סһ
˵һˮȴָϣһ£ʱЩˣڿ𣿡
ûСһ䣬ȴ̧ͷ
޴վֱֻȻӲĽްȥˣһжȥˣԺԽԽõġ
ԭأһ仰Ҳû˵
尢ʱһĺ󱳣͵͵˵ŻĶȥˣ㲻Ҫж࣬ûô࣬Ҳжѡ㿴ӸǼֱһģһҲҲûǲǺôȥˡ
֪ôοֻظ˵⼸仰ʵﶼҪѹˣһ뵽÷ʱεӰֻӣʹʼѡ
˭û˵ֻǾıһֱ䴫һĿǲżæɿԷŤͷܡ
ɺҪЦĽޱӣ߲ߣ
ĬĬԼƺһ
Ʋ죬ίĵС־Ѳš
һʱ᲻ˣߵʱôûңС쵰ϵúãҲܽ
򶼿ˣȻܶ໰˵ɻĻģһô˵æģףס
һŤͷĿûס
׵ģĽӴӼﱧߣպչˣʱǻ׵ġ
Ǵ䶨֮ҿɾͰˣҪ̵Сü
Űĺ󱳣ֻ˲յĸףѾձӵļˡ
һͬ˻½˯ˣŻҵôȥˡ
߰ɣǡ
Σɣ̫С·ͻȻͻ˷֡
ڣ¸˷֡
ĬƬ̣΢ɫٵգ¶һ׽ҹұ㽫ݹ
ƼΪһ֪˼
ףģֻǻüŴӦ
˼Ƭ̣ŲĿڣŵùң
˵ʲôϻǲ㣬ϻŵ𣿡
Ĵ΢΢𣺡Ǳ㽫½ңһԸðΪ
ΣǺ棬ʲô˵š
۵һ˿Ц⣺ٵȵȣұ㽫֤ݶռˡ
ʲô֤ݣ档
Ƭ̣ҵ֤ݣʥּ֤ݣг⣬Ϊݺɱյ֤ݡôһ׮׮һҪ֤֤ҳһҪگ顣
ˣСˣƫƫһУпܱͷ
ĿʲôʱʼЩģ
֮ͬ󡣡شЩ꣬ûһղΪ˱æ
Цһǡ°úãڽ˳˳÷·ǰ̺·һ㡣
ĻĬĬǣס֡
ˣȻѾʮİգұ㽫һ½ˣһסвɳǿʲô˻ҪæģһҪ֪𣿡
š
˵˻㱧˯ŵİͼߡ
Ȼ컹ǺڵģѾ˼УȻҲԶˡһҹδ˯ŹǷһһ߱Թ㣬ʲôǶ˵𣿷ǵôŰŵô˺Ӷ
ƢĸⲻǣҵĴ
û˵ӵϢʱǷŭҺµģŭԼıڻӵգ֮㱻ǵصûƲסذףҪ̴ԼĶӣԼܺͼʱһʹࡣ
ǰʱһʱҪںǰԾˡ
Ǽζ޷Щֻܿл¼ʹӱȨ֮´˶ӹҲǱҪЮˡ
¡ڵ
бһۣ᲻ã˵һ£ҲãҶ㲻
֪ˡЦ
ôģֶ˵ݻŴ˯İ뿪
Ҫˡ
յļţһ˹Ȼ㾪ֵķ֣ԼİӶܶˡ
ءءЩᣬ˵ҲͰˣһˮԼŵĸһ˴¡
ŹһڵſţϽ˽ϴԼۿˮϣû°ɻϡ
ءŴϢţһͷҰޡ
Źѣ̫ҽ֮Ͻÿ̫ҽϸϸһżæ£ϣϴ֢з֮װ
Ļ˫һ˹ȥʱһƬҡ
ʱŹ޵öҪˣüܣߵŹǰϽ㣬źģúõΪλз磿
żֲֹһôרΪѣĪǾûϻ˳檣Ź̶졣
ŭ󵨣˶ȥҪúøŹһʲôоûϻ㣡
£еöˣ³Ҳ磡ŹҲ͵վ
ϽˣŹһĨᣬüĳ֣¡
ãôʲôá
ŹƲƲ죺żɿ޵òϱһ⣬˵ͼı죬ƵЩԾҶǹˣΪһԭ򰤰ƣδ̫ˡ
һúõͻȻ̱˰ߣܴ̼ܲô̫ҽô˵κã
ⲡأκ˰ҲŹе¹ĳĴû˵̱˰ӵʵ۵ģǰ󹬿ɶýָԼպһء
ЦһǽӦò̽ڷɣ
ɲǣմ׵ģҪһӵܳɫģǾôλǲˣŹбһۣǸСޣʲôʱ֮ڰ
죬ĿȽ˽жİӽϣֻлϿˣ²㳾䶨
֪ˣңŹ˵˶٣ЦеĿǲڹһӣұܼСˣ
Ȼﴽ
˵˻ۿһȥİˣٴӹȥʱɫѾ
ȻڹﲻҪʲô£ɼȴñУһ컹ۣƣýŶ̧ˡ
շûվڹſڽӣһǰߣȵ˸ǰʱͻȻһһС˫۾ͬʱ
㤵ߴٳϽߣȻյĿƾճֵˣ˭ܳģǱ˿ˣ֪ж鷳𣿣
ᱻ֣Ӧˣʱ˵Ŀİ
̵ͷ
ﴽ˵ˡ
ЦųҪ
ֺЦĺһۣѰ˹ȥ


 142 

һ, 㰢˻ϸ¶һƣ⣬㽫ӽ˹ȥ
Ҫ
ޱĿ, Ƭ̣á
ˣܺӳú, ôǰ
ȻҪҵġش
һһ, ҲûжҵĻ
պ, ѵ
ǳЦһӦ, С򿴿ֿǸ, Ҳɵ, ȫ֪Լöˮȡ
һ˵˻л˼з, ڣĳĴûбĻʵۣҪ˼գ͸гˣЩ, סˡ
ҺͰˣʡ
ЦһʱܸôˣȽЩϴЩʱ, 氢򵲵ŵŭ, ٽݹ
أá
Ƥɨһۣʲôƾð, ˶Ȼ۷׷, ǲ, ˵ɰĻѪͳ㵽ʱΪͷ, Ȼװ˭ĺˡ
ѵϷݵȫݳ֪ͻȻͺãȻɣΪӳͷɣ֮ٱ༸Ĺ£˳µĻ͹ϵ
üãһ뵽˻ɰݣ̲ס̾ҽ̫ãҵĹ֤ˣֻеΪε̫ҽ̫ҽһֱ϶ӡ
˶٣ͷ򰢼ཱུǺɸ֣⺢ƫƫҲңҪ˵ͼıλҸӻѳԼģҶҲ粵ɡ
˭Ҷ԰֣ˣĵĳ֮ףǵջȨ˭ҲûǸӰ㰢򡭡ֻС֮ĵˣǷʤˡ
ǰ󹬶ƿ֮У˭˵ģס֣в۵ģҲ㸮ȥ
⺢ͬЩˣʲôҥԶ᲻ƣ̾һ̲סȥ󰢼ཱུһҲ
ٺɵ֣Լ˵ˡ
缾ǰ㣬ԴӼзϢȥ΢мӵסˣĴ£ϺԼĺӵϴ
Ҳʼ뷨ֱ˵һϵģɴ಻ټͣÿȥ̼ʱ䶼ڼС
̽Ϣ㿪ʼѰ·ˣܿ죬гڳ֮֮¡
ʱļԺתȻʱʱĻ鴤Ҳǰǰˮ̱ˣ̱˵İҲ࣬˲Ҳǿ·
ľԼܿһýе˳ȥֻϧֻƮƮ˵ϡ
šᣬûãҲǻеģ㾹ҪѪΪͼı޵ĽɽˣϳȥˣŴŭ֮£͸Щ
һڵأȻ˵ʲôˣЩӼŻ̻̲գµıǴ£˾ͷעˡĿһۣһ̵Ц
һε֮󣬳ϰһ࣬ۿżŵĲٳٲã˿ʼ˼ˡ
ܺƺȲˣѾճ֮ϣǸΪӪĳһͬԼжʮˡôͬʱȻҲһֱĹԱſٲܷκˡ鱨֪
ܵ꣬š˿ڰͷϣȥɣһȺСѣƲʲôˡ
˵ͷſ˫۵İüͷࡣ
⺢ӲһЩѺãյȬұ䣬ģǿҲ̾һ
סļ򣺡ȥЪŰɣűá
û£ʱˣӦòѣҲϢɡ
ֿ˰һۣȷ˯ü죬΢΢˵ͷǣż־ֱȥԴǰհ֮ڼסˣÿҹﶼչˡ
ڴϺǣŵҲûɿܿ롣
糯ǹȻʼжٳ״Ҳʼ
û뵽ô˱þڳһѪ־ҲѪ³ǿֹ糯Ҵææɢˡ
ٳȺ׳ڼߣ̾治ˣʱʵҲΪãʡýʲôӡ
ǰԻӣٲԼˣ¹̸֮ţôǺõġһ䡣
׳˶٣ѹʣ£вְͬأôģĴ֮ѡ
֮ѡȻеġﴽ
׳۾һļҵģ¿Ѿ̸ˣ̸ˣְȶȻӵΪ
ҵŰɣٹһʱգǱ֪ˡ˵꣬㺬Ц뿪ˣ׳һӵĺ档
Ȱ򳹵׺֮㽫֮ڵģͻȻ˺ЩӣֻʱͷʱһֱŰ򡣰㲡С²źϵⶼˣЩͻȻ
ԭǸСʱ򵹲ãôһ񣿡ҲǾ档
Ŀ˰һۣЩ񡣡
Ϊβأˡ
˶٣ؿʼϸоˣ˺ðǿҳһģüë
˰ɡбһۣȴǹŵġô˵ҲǼõģ˲Ѫˡ
ĵţֵһ£ת۱㵽˰
ҪʲôЦʡ
ȴĺ˵ЩѾˣҪȥ棡
ãվʹȥ档ЦЦ̧ͷƣɶ׼ˣ
׼˵£ߡ˵ţǰ˰
Цȥʼʮ󣬱㾶ֱ˱мŰϳһˡ
ȥģ档
ȥɽ㣬ǰҲȥǵ𣿡
ǵãЦˡ
⺢Ȼ˵ȴǼΪҲرĺá۵һ˿Ц⣺򣬴ɽϣɲ׼֪𣿡
֪̹ġشȻΪʲôҪǺܹԵĴӦˡ
֪ʡģҲûٶ˵һ˺ܿ쵽ɽ
һΰųųУɽһӵϢʱɽסѾڵȺˡסãһͬȥˣһȥ򸾣귽ӡ
еͯҲǳһֱĴѡ
˼æڵǰݼ°
֮ܰݱϽɣͻʣǽôпݷˣ
صµĻҹΣμнϣһǺͯŷڿޣл֣̿ձЯݰݷ𡣡ǫѷ
죬˼ЦЦ
Уܿԣ°ֻûһƲ͸ҴԼҺǽתˣжԼұѡϣǳЦһεȤ˵μĽء
ɲô˵⡢Ǵ󲻾ѽһװţһֿƲסһΣ½ôҲͻȻݷˣ
ô
ЦЦҪ˵ǡ÷ƱŰֱӳ֣
ɵסˡ
ӵﱧţЦݲǰ⺢ӣһηָ㣬˵ɱ¾̫࣬ӻᱣסֻСţ֮ݷ𻯽⣬պƽ˳졣
һһ㶵ģûӦⲻǣˡ
⡢ⲻܰ²ǲ𡭡ѿڶָϽ졣
ҲʮֻţԼҷ˻ǵЩģ˵ôˣǸ½ӵˡ˴ۣ²Ҫͬһʶ
˵¿ˮֻǡֻʮ»̥ӿ϶Ҫģô¡
ʱ룬÷ԲˣȻЩֱŰһְֻӣȥԶˣµĺӡ
𾪵۾ô˵ǡ
֪үҪ֪˵ţ⽫¶尢ĳࡣ
̶Сʱ䣬⺢Щһġ
۵һ˿Ҳǰ緢˻ģԭһûУƫƫҪˣðһӣ˵˵ģǲҲ̫ɡ
ž
û˵꣬һƱϣʱ־£ٲ˵ˡ
㡢Ҳɵģ⺢ͬһģһĺӣ˭ģŶŭ
ƺʶԼ˵ˣʱ᲻ҿˡͨ£ɫ飺״úýѵ¿ڳڳʮ꾤ҵҵķϣһΡ
Ҳʲô£үα̫⣬Ľ£ͷȥǰĸͷ汣պ󽡽ġ
áԹȥˣľСйϺҲѧŹϣŴſһ£ֱֳӰ򡣡
ӻôʹʲôֱЩûЦ뵽Ա߻̱סˡҲʮָӣǼ˻˻ġͯӣȻǿ̫ࡣ
˼һǻϵֶӡ
Щõϡ䱦⵰һ㣬˿УͲŵˡ
Ȼȥɡ֪鸴ӣЦ˵ͷ
Ҫߣԥһ¿£Ǹξ
֪Ӳãεһ棬Ϊۻˡ˵ˡ
˰Ѻл¡ĺһ֣ʲôöҪվˣתһ˵ǵΪ룬пܳΪȫ˵Ĵ
Ըһͺãպలּ꣬콫¸ˡ
ߺ󣬼㵽ߵϹ£ϵĶŷ˰ݣǣŰߡ
ؼ𣿡ʱʧ䡣
һ£ֹֿģʱۣ̾ؼңȥ¥Է
¥ûֵİͷһĿ
ЦЦԣȥԺóԵģȻٴȥϷۡǷӵģҪһһϡ
ȻЩ°ûž;ú棬ǿĵĴӦڼֱġ
ǺЦۣҲˡŰȥ˾¥һˣ᷿ڿ
δ㾡˹ֻǿ¥˵ҲЦúϲ£졣˱㿴˽һʱžȥ˺Ϸۣһߡ
ظ·ϰ˯ˣıһʱҲЩ룬Ȼȥֱ֮ӵ˴ϡ
նʲôһݵѯʡ
۾Щ̫ˣʹġ
ԣ㿪ʼɳڼһ߰һߵѰң˵һĺȥ
Ҵҡһգȫ֪ˡ
΢΢ףȻȫ֪ˣλӦҲһֻվδټ㣬ҲʵǴס
䶼ҪʱŪӳѡһӾˣҲֲ֪ңȻһʱһʱŰɣ˵Ҫһ㶢Щǳˡһ䡣
΢΢ף֪
ˣʲôŽϲŭ޳ɶɱˣǵý˱̶ǼҪһҪ
ޱ飺㵹ǻȡ
ôʲô׶ԡ
ڹ˿ã뱣Լ뷨ӡ
ٸװ۾㹬ˣΪܳʱ޺ۼĸ¶ҽվͰ̶ˣаʧҾʡ
򴽣ǿӦˣõ־ȴͻȻˡ
һ£̲סһߴ˸βëһࡣ
͵ͣ
ѣ˵Żǰ˴ա
ϸ֫ͻȻ˹ˡ
˰ûȵɵɻĻͷ㶣ͻȻˡ
ȻʱÿΪ֮࣬ϰӲʣ˶ľƣȻʱʱͬߣϸ뾹Ȼδй¡
ԭûкʱԴ£ֿô꣬ûҹˣҲ֪ôġ
ĺӣԽԽָŵÿס˱
𣿡ʡ
ѵýţҧŴ㡢㣬˯
áĶͷ
¿ˮγɵȥɢʱҲסĴ

һ֣˲䵯ҲһͬʱСֻĿǣƺȫǲ⡣
ΣƲƲ죺ҲҪ
Ҫʲôʡ
Ҫ




 143 

Ǻߵ, ֮ǰʼҲˣҪˣͲ˯
ĻشǣܡЦ, Ŷһ, ôԼ˯
Բһֿͬˡ
һֱĸ˯꣬ش, ԰ۺң˵Ҳõʱֿܷ
Ҳǻһ, ˡ
Ц뿪, ʱ, ȥɡ
, ĬĬ˵㴽ǣ, żŰ˸ˡȰߣٻʱѾ˯, ȫȻղѹӡ
̾һҴҴǡ
ļգӲΪɱŲ, Ĵǰÿնǰ̽Ϣ, ȴ˭ֻڸİʱ⡣
Ȼڳ, ϵķѾ, ͸¶ĶӺ, һĳ̺Ʋ˸ϵû֮¡
Ȼ, 佫ȴǵȲˣ˵иӺͬļ˸ֱţŲͣǱš
ȥͬ˵ҵ̽ģ£ǾͲˣ׳һծġ
С˲˰Ѻ󡢴ˣû취Ͱ
׳һҪڣһͣ˳ǰһλֱ˴һС˾Ϳʼ𣺡ʲôϽӿţ
Сˣ
ϸڳǰԳӵ˲࣬λϽʸһλС˲ҵҲҰ˷ŽȥΪʱͻȻˣһֱ͵ķƸЦ߳Ͻ
ҵأϽʡ
¿ˮڡأүλ
Ͻʶ࣬ûнѵ׳˽ȥˡһţƱϽ˽Źˡ
һȽż߽ãŰˣһϽ̰Ѱƹȥ죬үү
үүԹԽһ
СȻǰЩɴݰ׵̶ټ˵ֻװԣһ۾޹Ŀ㣬ʲô𶼱뷢
Ͻһ˲ûƢүү
̹ԹԵĳ֣ϽհѺӱֺõĴȥˣүӣ⺢ӻɣġ
ߣ¶ţҴˣϽһͺ
Ŀ򰢼򣬰СסϽүүҪס
ûףүүֻǸ˵ءϽ˲һ
ķſ͵͵˸Ĵָ˺֮׳˱㽫ϽΧˣϸİ
Թԣ⺢Ӹֱһģ̳ģ˵Ҷš׳ʱп˵ͱϽһ¡
źӵ˵ʲôϽŭ
׳ʱҺ˵ˣֻڨڨĿ佱ӳƯ
һνŸͼ䣬̲סȥʼ£ͷӵ£Ϊ˵ǰн٣Ųܶȹ𣿡
ϽԣζĿ
治ɫǵСЩѾȥûʲôˡ
ν˼ĵ˵ͷ׳ٺһЦѹְֱϴ¿Ĵѡǰᶨ˵Уԭ
ɱ˵ȥ˻Ϊλأ£ɣүү£үүۡ
үүɵ§ϽĲӡ
ϽƢһԲϾˣﱲﱲûһģ⻹ǵһкͬһʱǵĶˣֺǺǵĵǰˡ
һҲˣܿΧһȦͬ˵Ż˼ڰϣģﶼ֪ˡ
ϽܷñְδĴ׳ѯʡ
ϽбһۣϷ뱧˾͸㡣
ҽջܵȵõô׳̲סֹ
Ͻһϰˮ۾ĬĬס֡
ϾƬ̣ϽŻȻȻʺǴ֮λ㲻䵽Һȥˣ⼸ջҲЩ׼
ǡ˷׷Ӧ¡
ﴽǱͷλˡ
˵˵ڳȶԣСҲõĴѡ׳ٺЦ
Ц˵ͷҪ˵Ͻ²˳٣ظдۣˣ⺢ӽʲô֣Ҫἰġ
ϵЦһ
˵Ͻӷ˵Ҫȥдۣ˿̱Ҳȥˣһֱ˵Щꡣ
Ĵߴ£οڣСа򡣡
أϽʡ

ﾲƬ̣Ͻҧгݣңδȡ
ⲻǣôЩ飬ǰŴȡ˼ҸϺ׵Ժ񰢼ֻһС
ϽһҪˣڸȡ
ⶫһҪոɡϽȰһȰһ߻ʹɫ
൱ĵİ̶豭˫ֹԹԵĶŵݸϽ
òװϽߣȥϣûˡ
Ͻ֣ü佫ǱҪӵΪˣûһôá
üûдǣ
ֻ̾ðԼĴ˵ˣ˵Щգ갢ܾԼӲãҪ¶ˡ
ûµģȡҲ
ƲƲ죺ȡʲô֣
˼Ƭ̣壬Σ
壿ü
̺壬ԸЦϣһܼ˹ƻ󡣡
ĿЦһֺã塭ֻϧˡݳǼҵĽɽһǱ֮ͬλԵˡ
ûʲôҪģֻĸƽ˵ţֽס
жݣҲĬĬס˾Ƭ̣ͻȻڣҲдˣǸĴˣһ˯𣿡
ܡ

Ϊ飬ֻܰظΪķ˺ӳıȥˡдСȥܸ佫Ҳһݡ
պ󣬳ϡ
ûϳϽ£Ϊȹ̽ɽ룬´
һڣ佫ҲŹ£ĳǱԥȻҲһͬȥû¹ģһԣҲֻƸŸͣ䣬Ȼֻʣһվš
Ϊȹ̽ɽ룬´
Դ֪˺Ӻ󣬱ѾתͻȻأҪ̫Ա߷ŲȡŹµ䣬һʱŭǡҪ췴𣿣Ųɱǣ
һӦҲ
һ޺޵Ŀأ룿
ϵġ
ЦһһϵģųǺӣͬ㳤߰˷񰡣
ػϵĻȥΣûҼӡֱӳ˰ģĳһֱŵǳ̤ʵˡ
ָڷЦһãǶáҪǰɣãҵǸԶͯ޽̫Σ
û뵽Լ£ʱҪˣȻ֪³ɲˣﻹ̲סڴһ¡
ȻϽԴڴϲɣǻˣȻֻѡӣлѪλǲ䡣
˼ֻĶŭЦ
ϽȲǱȻϣǹлӿԼ̳УȶȻΪȻѪֻһˣҲܿŻλӼ̳ȥ˼
˼뿪ڡ
۾ˣ֮ͻȻ侲޻δĳ佫гʱͼǺôı¡
֮Ӧ
֪˶ãȫһ֣ȫæ뿪̨ŵ˵һ䣺ЩӲʣδпռǺӣȻҪˣ罫Ҳøơ
Ҳδձǹ磬볤ЯǰóҲһݡͻȻ
۵һ˿˵޻ԺӲ
ңֻϵĹ⣬ҲǺӡش
Цһ뿪ˡ
˿Ͻʱ΢΢ס
յʱܿȥˣ統磬Ϊϸʰһùʮ㣬ԼױĸӶһͬȥˡ
Ϊʰӻ̫ʱ䣬Ȼϵģǳ˹󵽵ˡ
ǣŰֳڹϣ˶ǿ˹򿴵۾һһ뵽Ҫװ£ֻͬк˼
ЦŰǰߣЩ˶ſôŹٷ˶ţǻͨӣŵÿˣȴ󷽣ЩЦȵϽǰʱòĻһүү
ϽʱЦԣȥɡ
ǡӦһżȥϷĿˡ
һ£űŹĲ˳Źһ̺İ۾ųǴҴҵͷ¶һ˿Ǽſһ£۵һ˿ϵЦ⵭ĬĬǣס˰֡
ſԼʣǳĶӣ
ػϵĻм壬˵ŵͷϾ˾밲
Լֻô죬Ҳ֪ڽǹɵվż̵Ĺ£밲
ССģɹںӳ˵Ҳ󷽣һǸΪϻ۵ġڳӽĿ⣬Ȼʮ⡣
Цһ壿ҵĺΪҪռʽǰʲôİ
ЦȻǰ˵ΪŮӣȨ⺢ӹĸգȻҲǺ
Ȼ˵⻰ԹҲû˵ĺյġޱ顣
ԹҲнȨģȻʲǽ˳
ɫһ䡣
ԻϺαҪСڣɨһۣԵСˡ
ŭ
ȻôŰ£Լȥ
ϲ˾ˡСֹ
ʧЦǾͲϲ
áɵĵ˵ͷ
ײ֮󣬼΢Ƭ̣ͰһţԵһʱͻȻ룬Ҫ˯˯ġ
ˣüŹȥϢ
ͬʱһ٣ӵҲС֮ͻȻ
ŹΪѵĿһʱ䲻֪ԥʱͻȻˣӣӴؼ˯á
α鷳ڹҲһģޱ飬˵˴ҲҪʱһҪֿͬ
Ǿ͵˴֮ɣЦЦûɴ֮ǰٸĸһʱ䡣
޽һҪأ
ϵЦ⵭ΪִˣĪǹԻˣǳ²ԹۣҪ߽ƻϵ˸ҳɡ
ֱ࣬׳ĶλֶΣƫƫļ˿ǵ㰵ͽĴġҪǣܱ֤еܶĹ
ַˣƬ̺һЦЦ޲ͬʽ˵ЦʽôԶˣ
ҲͬЦءЦһһ̧ͷͶ
ɶ˼
һ£Ŀıյͷľûֿӡ˭Եз
ǳ˳飬ľ˽ͳ˹Լ¼š
в󣬼ŵǲƣֻǻˣʽ㣬һֱûʣǰЩ͸ЩУɻϲ
ľϲѾˡ䶼ģԺɫźš
۵һ˿⣬ŵ󣬻˵һ䣺ʽ㲻ϲ飬ﵹмῡεݳˣʽʱһϰɡ
лϣһе˵ɡЦЦûֱӾܾԷٳ۶ӡ
˵˺󣬼ŹȻװˣ죬һʱ䲻СĳԶ˾ƣԵӶЩˣֻȥƫϢ
ƫĹ˶ǲˣһЪϢſڴ۾ȥﲻź򡣡
˵ձ˯ֱױס͵ؾѡ
˫ʱһ£ʲô
ġڡ
̾Щͷ۵Ŀǰֻз⸱ģʮô
·вŵʱɷǺÿ¿ͷ졣
۾أ
롭
㲻룬ޱ飬ǻʹ
ſˣ˴˵գʿϵ
ץס֣֡
ڻһ
˲ˣ̾һɿ֡
£ƫҡҷ˵ӰӳǽϣӰΪһ壬ѷ֡
ʱ󣬼ƫȽŶģҧгݵһ䣬ҹɫ͵͵뿪ˡ
һ˶ƫڣѹʶԼʲôһͻȻ˴롣


 144 

ҹ
Ѿ, Ѿ뿪ȴû˾춯, еźĹǶɪɪ, Ҷйߵ˻ǨŭԼϡ
һƿˤڵϣŹŰ󣺡, 侲һ㰡ϣ
㣡Ҫ侲Ӷ, 沿Ť÷·ʮ, ޵ĽɽҪ, Ҫ侲
ô, ַֻλ, ⽭ɽİŹȰ˵
ЦҵģĶ˴㵱
ϣôô룬ǿһĸͬ׽ܰŹӡ
ź, ҲϷǣ׽ܣ, Ϊ, ⱲҲңСλҵģҲܽ
һֱظ仰, ˫ģʧķ, Ź, û¶ͷɫֻǿһȰ, ʱˣҲˣЩЪ°ɡ
ãȻĿͻȻץסĸ첲ҲܰѻλøҲܣ
û˽ѻλøŹĸ첲ۣȴҪһ˿΢ЦЩ˯ɣ˯ǻϡ
˵꣬ȫȥЪš
ǡȫΨΨŵŵӦһǰСĲżţϣϢˡ
ŻʧʶĸߣȫŹһۣżˡŹһüͷ첽صԼ޹һű㽫첲ӡŵָӡǺĴýġ
ū澸ҩɡŮСĵʡ
Ź̾һˣϲϲҩζᵽˣȻᷢŭġ
ŮֻգֻǵºЩ۵ķŹ£Ҳǣ㶼
ŹЦһԼ˭
ŮûҽӻֻΪ˱Ȳ衣Ź豭ڣҪ˵Щʲôͷ
Źһ£ǴȥϢôͻȻˣ
ӦǻİɣūŮʡ
Ź΢΢ףɡ
˵գյ£ȫ֮󻺻ʣǰΪ£
Ļūŷ֮ǰȥޡȫ
Źһ£Դϻ󣬾ãʱմδٹôˣ
ūҲ֪ȫ˵һ£һΧˡ
ŹüǶȥɡ
ǡֻܿʣŹȫˡ
ȫѹϷ˰Ҳ֪˵Щʲô֮ūٹˣūܾţЩΡ
ŹĬˣ֮󻺻ڣʲôΣܲܲȥˣ·ɡ
ǡȫҲ֪ŹѣֻһһǻӦһȥš
ŹѹŮֽнݣϴһͨ㳯޹ȥˡ
ˣҹĻʹý˹ͷۣŹڲϣ߸ߵĹǽֻֽŶԼˡ
ܿͣ޵ǰŹ̧ȥй˷ߵǰ檸밲
ɳƵ
Źǡ
Ŵ򿪣ҩĿζŹȴϰһ㣬˽ȥȫĿ߽޵ת뿪ˡ
޵ڣһ£Ц֮ϡŹ۾ʱһ㱣ǵüŻүʱЦʱҲǼȴůʮ㡣
Ǹĸ֮󣬵ڶЦůˣֻϧ֮ҲûЦݡ
ʲô񣬻ų
Ź񣬲ɫߵ£ϵôͻȻˣ
֪ˣס֡
ŹЦһѾûмЦˡ
Ŷһ£ú̾Ϣһίˡ
檲áŹͷ
Ŀ֮ͻȻ޷Ų֪ģͻȻսգ޸һűЦˬ÷·Сһ㣬Щ㳤٣Ҳˣֻû統ǰЦ
Ź˼ЦЦʱ򲻶ء
ᣬҪԼҲֹҲǣȻֻΪԶɩɵüļţĵҲǼΪϲģֻϧΪˣȴһδġ
ϲǶСèСһģӲںʲôֻҪ㹻ЩҲ㹻ֻǵʱϲĥˡ
أ񣬼ͻȻпڣǲأȴΪϲ̶統ЦЦɺã
Źһ˲檶ˣλСһЦ
ԡ
ŹοڣҪˣ
Ȼ⣬ƺ˼ʲô𴽽ǵЦúܺá
лϡŹо߶߶ģһʱЩӦ
ŻڶëȻܵĳ嶯Ϊǿҡ
ʱˣЪ°ɡͻȻ
Ź͵͵Ӧһǡ
һۣȥ̨ǰһһĸŹµıӰС˵һ䣺ϣɡ
أ£Ʊȥ㡣Ȼ飬ֻ۵׵ĮһƬ
ŹҲֻܰķԸɺáŵļ٣޷･ܿһƬڰĬĬǺ˱ӣĻһϡ
£͹ſڵ
ŹӦһںڰԼһӰԼ򷢸ɵĴŽ£ȻϵıƿһֻסļʱͻȻУ˭

ŵĴӵ̨ǱߴŹ㶵ĿץԼһۣع̼
죡ܻ뽫˶𣿣
ϾңϡŹȻȣȥԼ´ʱƴ۽ǲ
żյǰԸˣס
ǣͷסŹ
Źƴץϵѣ˲䷨ֻǿӲ˺
ϵĲϴѵŹòһԿŵļȴǼΪ˷ܣŸ㰲ţģ㻳˺ӣұΪȵްĶӾǻʵۣš
Ź챻ͷסֻǷص˵ĿǶﱻƵİ±˺飬ֻʣС¿ǰĴһҧ֮ϡ
ѣ
ű߿˽ĵս治һĻյӺһȥ߿ˣŹڻ
ûͷԸ磺ɱ
ſʱһ˲Ļŭң
δ䣬ȥһ˴Ѫ˼һֶʼǡǺôĵӣˣ췴
ŹڲҰ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫޱñӽ̧ͷżŵڣұ졣
㡢ʲô˼ŷŭ
ûлشǿ𣿡
ˣɱһߣʮ䲻ϾѪȴûˣƽӣҲƲʲôˡ
ҧгݣԭЩһֱƭޣҰĵĹ
ǿֻܺ˵ʹأ
Ѿסش
ܣʮּܵģûаҲܿסʹޡ޻нǮ£Ǯ£
ȴûа
Ǯ£ŲĵתҪߣȴõסȥ·
Ǯͳ֮ǰΪβϸ룬ҵϢ빬ġޱ顣
㶣ŵˣܣԲܡ
Ѿ㶼˵ٿŹͣѯʣ̶Щˣ޹ɻй֣
һʱԭء
Ź˫ۿնĿðβŻع񣺡֣
ԣġﴽ˵ź͵ȫĻ
ŹګګӦһҡȥ˵Ҫ뵽ԼûѺס
æȰҽˡ
û˵꣬һ±˴ϣ̧ͷ·ڴϵε˵ͷл
˹֣ǵøһ顣ڡ
Ź΢
ҲҪǣϲġҲͻȻ˵
⼸ȫûע⵽ĴǵûлͬСĵʹѾһʹ
Ź֪ΪͻȻûôˣ·ղžҲֻһС¡ϵѪɫ΢΢Щڼչ´£ͷͼһȥˡ
ʱŹһǿҵͣԼϣһ»ؿȥϼų޵Ŀıޱĸż뿪ˡ
ߺϱû˰ĮĿڷļţ̵Ľһи֪Ǯ¿ģ˸֪ˣ˵Щ󳼣֪ˣҲ˻㣬ţѹԮ
أɱ޴λֵķӺͻȻϣϣ˲ʱ㱻飬Ѿٽ
ޱĿҪɱ㣬Ҫگ֮󡣡
㶣ЦЦ̫ǺסˣַӴϢ޻Ϊж㶼˵Ҫɱˣ޺ΪҪ֮ǰԸĶΪʵۣ
ıһ䣬ͻȻ׺붼Ҫ룬ˣǱҪ߱λӽٷṦΰҵϴϵҾҪǣһӶң
˵գƺ뵽ʲôЦ£ֿʼЦ
õ⶯ðɱյ֤ݡͻȻ
͵㶰κϣܡ
û˵꣬ͻȻӻͳһ壬ǰƣÿ϶Уŵ飬ǵڳصİϵģſ˲ס
޷죬˻֪ܣƫƫˣֱ֤ݣ۵׷죬Ҳ޷ڸǣҴЩڳصİϣҵ֤ݵ֤ݣֻҪ£ձس
űŭѣûȥ
нһ㽫Ƶ˸ͳϣȴԼдţһ˱ܣֻҪ˱֪ͳֻһѵ㼾еĵĿҵĻֹЩǻԺµд¶£֤ݰһⷿκһó㱻ǧꡣ
Ǹҹ޾ɱ㣡ŷȥȴһߵſڵҲá
ǾҪĳˣĿڣųһȫѡ񡣡
Ķ֮ЦһΪҾͻЭˣҲдگ飬ҵãҲã
ƺδͬ˵һŶżգģ˵ּЩûϵۣôģ
һ˲㡭
ǲдҿдֻգҪܵģǧصڡ
ˣҲ˵ڣһۣȥֽʣǰ
סˣگǰд¡ڡ
һ£ǰδд᲻ɣ
ûд򡣡ش
ס
һߣСС
ŻѺæµŹλ̶߰ɡ
Ź˶٣ϽǲҪˣ
û˵
ҲߣŹͷҲߣ֮Ҫִ֣˽֪ҲֻͣҴλЩ˲Żš
㲻Ҫȵزü
ΪңҲִ£ŹҲԵ±°ˡɵ֪Ϊ˱ǰˣð˶ķգ˭ס
ִˣҲֻôӦˣһ㣬Ǻ£ٳҲ١
֪ˣŹ˵ţճĸݵֱߣ㳢
ЦЦȥãˡ֣ͣˣ
گдŻţش꣬Լȥ˿㣬ֻȵ´á
ԹõͻȻҪˣΪԼ㲻ˣҲѹȴʱƨɺתƵӡ
˵ˣҲûдţһʱֻʣ²ٰ졣֪˶ãһֱŹͻȻϸʹɡ

ŹǿЦЦɫζҩǵ뿪֣檶¸뿪Ļᡣ
ãͻȻЦһתתĽֻ֣ݶѡ
Ҳвͬٵ͵ĶҩĶҩ̶ΣƱҪġ
£Ź⡣
㵱Ҫȥ
ǡŹ
΢΢ףԼָƽ˵һ䣺ȥɡ
ǡŹӦһȥ׼˶ҩű޵ȥˡ
ڶλľȴǲͬˣƿ߽ݣ㿴ɥڵϣ̧ͷ󳰷һЦˣ
ͻϡŹߵǰ
ſеҩϵЦ⵭޾֪ʱͬҪõġ
檵£ϲ֪ҲŹ˵ţҩ˵ϣԼҲ棬ȫȻû˸ղŵû겻ӡ


 145 

޵֮, ƻҡҷ
ŵҩ֮Цһרô꣬û뵽רˡ
檶лЩĺ񰮡Źδ䡣
ֲһҩ, Ŀлģ
Ź
֮, жϵĳһɨ, ֻǵĮ˵һ䣺̫ʧˣǰһֱ, ݳ, ٻ, ޵Ĺ, ۺʱͬվһߡ
Ź΢βŻڣǰȷŻϵ, ³¶Գо֮ҲԸɸǶʱգȷʵŻϵ, Ҫѡһ檶Ȼԥѡϡ
ŶʲôʱˣɲΪȣ
ŹƽͬӣҲ, ǻ׿ڳŵ檲, ȴת̧ʱҲǳ檱̫ǵ, ֻҪ̵ʱ, ֻǹ˴̿, ʱ˳檡
ŹͻȻסδЦһ̫, һ׮׮һ檲ᡣ
Թޣ޸֮λٳ裬ȻԹޡźЩ١
Źһ㲻ԵĻȣϸ檹֮λѵֻΪ谮檣
⻰ʲô˼
檱֮һֱ룬Ȼ購檣ȴûжమ檣ΪԸԣҲҪ⳼ΪŹЦ۵ȴһƬˣΪҪƹܣϸȣǽ󹬴Ȩĸǿɣպֻѡһãˡ
ĿţϵľӢģʱûƷӡͯҡУóأȴ㷴ûУˣ˵ѳΪһ
޻㣬˭Ҷ㣿΢ơ
ŹЦһϿ֪檳Ϊ֮󣬵ݺжٴˣб¶ɱвЩ»Ͽɶ
죬һʱû˵
ʲôֻ֪֪󹬱檹ܵþֻ֪㹻ɡ㹻ֻϲ¶Ҫ檵Ź˵Щʱ·˵˵£ûа
Ǳ߲һʱЩŭ˵㡢㲻Ϊ֮ѰһڣԲȫ̷޴ĺã㣬ϲ㣬ΪνҪѡĸ󣿣
Źû뵽֮£ֱĸоٴӿķѼſס
ż˵ˣΪ֪Цһǰ֪ͼѾ֣ΪˮݣԾ˶ãȥҪ뵽һ£һԱס޵Ļλߺ󣬻ܱƽ
ϵģŹ۵Ҳʼ䣬ĳˣֻ´檻֮󣬺ᱻ̴檵ȷҲҪɱ˰ɣ㲢ǳ檱ԸɳʧϻԳ檳谮ɣ
͸ǼŴδģ
Ŀһ䣺ͺˣ𣿡
檴δ޹ϣʲôֻǲϲ檶ѣԴӵȥ֮ϱϲ檣ϰ˵ģȻҲ˾ͺ˻ϡŹЦˣȻĵ
ſЦ㱼·ص˵һμʱ
檲޻ϣܸмǻϵѡʱ˳檣檻ҪɩˣǻϾȳˮ𣬸˳ݣŹ⣬檲޻ϣֻǲȥˡ
˵գϵҩǰһ¡
Ŵҩ֮һҪ
ŹͷҲ֪ԸԸ㡣
ңȥŷҩͻȻƽˡ
Ź򴽣ǹ˳ȥžĿıӰ뵽˶ۨDD
Ű衢Ŀˡ
ÿΪȻΪֻԼ֪ǰжһӣ޷ĿŵƫֻʱŻоְ⡣
Ժ󣬿Ҳûˡ
̶ͻȻס
Ź͵ͣ¡
ǸĺãˣҪúõĻš˵ţһȵѪ˳
ŹûлͷӦһ뿪ˡ
ӰһʧŻһ³һ̲ѪſڵϹӲд
ʱͿǱſѪУһɥȮһ˲ƽߵǰˡ
̧ͷƬ̺ЦһӮˡ
Ŀһ仰Ҳû˵
ΪʲôΪʲôݳҪлŮĴԤԣΪƫƫǵĴΪ֮󣬸ʻҪңŴǲѪҲЩΪΡΪңȴңǴƫ㣿
ָģƽĺӣʴδƫҡ
ЦһȨ볯ΪٵȨ˻ʵۣҲҪԼѲɻƫģ
ǣûƫģԱߵשϵķ϶ұȨ볯ΪٵȨΪĲ㣬֪һ֮Σֲ˸㣬ԲŻ֮ǰô࣬һ뱣٣뻤λǡ
˵꾲ãٴοţ۵׵Ĳźһ£֪㲻ңҪ˵ǣ㴦ƣĴǵλȹ̣ϽȨǹķ
һ£Ŀ
½ͳ˲ǵѪ˫Ѿģֻǿ
㲻𣿿룬ɱ֮ǰҶа㲻ֻ֮ģʡ
ŵ˫ֽ߬һ仰Ҳû˵
Ŷû˶Բ㣬ĸĸĻʽ㣬㵱Լһ۰ԼϷŹԼһһµİǵѪѪҺȴԶһղɾµ
ָȴȻᣬʱȥ鷿飬͵絽ϽǱ֮ﲻ߹սңʱ۲ҵսҲҪɱУȴЩȥ㲻ԸԼʲֲŬֻýԼƽӹ̫ͷŶʵΣ㵱治֪
Ѿ˵﷢Ѫ
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