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1

ҶСһ⣬ֵͬȥȾơ
νһȺСåҶССĸ죬һֱʰó󣬲飬ҲûҵʲôùȻȻСåһ
ڳвŮŮֱĿõģû˽Ůӡ
ƣҡ·һţҹ̲סվͷӣ㣬޵УԻͣҪݵ˧ĸ磡
Ǹ̾ǴϵȥļСһҹгûɲסײ˽
˹ˡҹˮԽԽģ
۵ʱ򣬲ƿǲҲǰʹ
ҶСסˡ
ǰһɫķӣҪԵİһͼ۵ĵطǺ˺ˡ
ŷԼŵģڵϣҴȹӡ
ɺȹӺܿڵϡǸ˺ٵͼǰ
ҶСȻʶ˺ܲһ˫Ȳţǰ㣬˫ŵأˮĻ档
ˮ㣿
Ȼһһ˼ˣվ㣬ҵİƹ㣡
̧ͷһǰվһ̹СŮȹͷžµĺ컨ú٣Сɿɰ۾ȴ͸Żӡ
ҶС˼ţСŮ˭
ûüϸ룬СŮǰץȹͷСŮĿУžһƴϡ
Ҵ㣡ҶСȥץסһסԼץסˣһֻƿ
ʹȫǰȥ飬ѪֹеĲСŮ
ƿȥʱû׼ǣƫСŮԱһˡ
ͷʹأأֱǸģ˵㡭Ȼεˡ
ҶСͷһʹȻһ˵ļ䣬˲ҶСҶֻһ֮
ҶСѾ϶һ磬ҹʹؽһ˵ڡ
ոմСŮӮı̶Դı
ҶСҲҶڽ˭νˡҶСͻȻ˵һһҶĺܺã˵ÿһҾ͸һ±£ġ
ҶС㵣룺ģʲô
Ծ֪ˣεأʧˡ̶Ȼȫ
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Ҷ|ӣװʵ˭񶾣̶ͷѪ
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ܼҺһ˳˽С㣬үôˣ
ʲôϿҽȺԸɷġ̶С
˷ȥˡ̶˵ǣŮѺҷź򡣡
׽ҶСǺȫûֻñߡ
ֻϵ˴ãһƨɾ˵ϣоԾɹֵֹģ㡣
죡̶ɷ
ҶСûüţžһƾ˦ϡ
̶촽ٴμݺݵ֡
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ҶСѸҶϵ¼
Ǿ٣±ƫƧ֮ʮ꣬ⱲӾ군ˣܼһǺˣ˵ؼڹøҡ
øҲǾ٣Ȼסھ۴СҲǸ١ĺȻ裬̶
ҶΪװһݺȾӣȻø¶ϲУߵģӮһƬ
̶ƢŹ֣ûϲҶö֮ҶƱҪȡڸľԵλ
ɺ޵ǣ׺͸Ҳƫ̻ҶҶŮ̶Ұ֡
ѹ̶еڱѾǵһδҶ⣬ڼˣÿһͼ򼸸ҶʹҲǴ򲻻ڡ
һƽʱװģ̶Цſ˵Ͱװ⸮Ѿ߼ҶŪת㿴˲ž򣡡
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ڳ߰˸˶סˣǱ·˵ʶҶ
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ͼҡ߼ǷҶ徹Ȼִ֧󿪴ϵĶŲˤˡ
صסſӣǽƺ֮ǰ
룬ۿô֪ʲôʲô̶ȣðÿ㣬˭ۡ
ƺУһͭ
ɱģң                        
лҪ˵ҶСѵŮô

ÿϾŵ£ϣϲĹ£
ɳˬģŮԿɳ񣬷ϲ룬ϣСɰ׼ӡ
ǰÿ³100۷ǰҲӭԸʱ~

áǺͻԡŮ񴩳ȦСͬأӭӡ
˳ԤġƫִӰ۱̲󡷣Լղأôôգǡ
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۸
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4Ż㣬˵Ϊʲô˶ء
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ȻԺλȦѪоȻš
ȫˮϪ̫Ҫˣʲôʸá
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񣺶ġmua
ƫִӰ۱̲İ
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Īؿ
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̣ҵɹ
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ԣⱲӣҪȦҪԶò
İգлһʽתأ


2

滹ôÿô 
ҶСǰһź޹滨ᣬҲʮɣŮ绪ï䡣
룬ҪҪӡҪͭӤİҰңһҪɣ
ȻҲ֪ô壬һúŬϧҵһУ
ž°Цˡ
𣬸ղʲôôһ˦ƿԼ⣿ˣ
ۣƺвعˡ˵ܿ˳ϷʲôŮҲǰӦŶ԰
ҶСڴϣͼеļײͻȻ⴫һС㣬С㣡
ܽһʮСŮԪ٣ɴ£һǣС㣬ȥҩû°ɣ˵̶С۸ˡ˵˵ſڴͷҪˡ
˿ҶСҶòУأһ˿۸ӡ
С㣬С㣬ôˣС㡣СŮҶС㶵ɵЦѲɱ۸ɵˣ
СŮĽлУҶСڴϲ˹Ҫȥվӣĵһ뷨
תһ룬ô䵽ֻ뿴Լò޷԰ΣԼҶСڵ㡣
СŮֻ۾գգͣģҶСɢͫ׾۽ˣСŮÿɰһ۾ôϲ
￴˸ֶĴˣСȷʵе谮ιĳ嶯
ѾͩҶĵѾߣڸĸ뿪ǺΨһµľѾߡ
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ͩһ˫۾ɰܵǰ㡣Ǹ·˵仰Ǹ֪С˵ģСҲôḡСûô
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ϣͩϴˮϴˮϴˮëȲһӦȫ
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С㣬ȥ˯Сʲô£ұǣ㴲ϵӣҪ뺰һҾˡ
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СҶ㡣ͩǣС˯Ҳߡ
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㡭ҶСһѽͩ˱ѣڵϹģֻͩںС㣬ŹңҪҪ
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С㣬С㣬㡣ͩһֻŵĲ
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գҶо˲٣ˬˣǳҩָ˾𴲺ͩ͸Ĩ֬룬ôÿĨ֬ԵˣǵЩãѾͷ˵ҶС㣬ү˵һ㡣
ҶСøǾǵĹٶһˡû뵽ôˣһ׷顣
ͩүҲˣͷʹһµ˱ѡ
СҲƵϣҰûͩһʱĿɿڴ
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ѾͷʲôҪ㵽ܼ˵һø仰Ƕͩ˵ġ
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˵ģҶı˵Ǻ۵ģЦֲҷκ죬ȻѾҶˣֻѧȥϰߡ
øǸ٣ȻҪݾݵһ㣬ԺӣЩʳȡƯ·ÿøӣΪȡ
⺢ӣøû㣬ôģһҽ㣬ܿûˡøܻͣΪǣóһҲû˼
װø˶Բ飬㽫Ҷ˰ɡҲǹģһֱ۱Ҳ֪
Ȼ޵ĸɰͰ͵ģҶɤãһ㡣
Ҫϣ˵ҲĵģҲ޴󰭡
޴󰭣񲢲ءҶСȴøûڸԺܲܲҪٶˡ
Ǻ⣿
±˵ҵ︮ĵزøġ
ֱƣڱҶСҲܸоøܻӵ۵ӣϾ˭Һ˵ֻұֵĻ|Ļ
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Ծӵؿޣ̶Ҳ֪˭Ĳԣ˵ҵ̫ÿк֮Ծҵ
û˵꣬ͻȻһϣ꾫Ĺû˵ֻҲûд!̶̶ô˽
̶㣬㣿øŭ
㲻Ůһˡ̶ֲȴ㡣
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аҶС͵ƿ˱ӡ
һƣϵĹ棬Ƕ׵ϸߣ˵ģϵĺʯ񡣴治ᰡ                        
лҪ˵Ҹ۰ɣ

3

žֻƵø̶һӡ
̶ִİʹļףңС㶼ңΪһ꾫
𣬾ͽȥϼ顣ƺ꾫ָˡ
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С㣬Ѿˡ
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ȡӵľˮϹ࣬ϴһĺٿϣƵƤ
֪øһǰ׼ղϴʱΪЧԣ˳Ĩһ֬ҲͰˣͩصһȫĨϣȻͳ˱ѣԱ˿ֲֺ׵ǽʾ֭Ϸ
ֻû뵽ŴҲ֪ʲôͩ˵кĩȵȣЩƽʱǲҶԵģղСĻŪһν۾ỹ治װġ
СǺαءͩϸĸҶСëҩ࣬Žס
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Ĳôˣû£˵û£һӱˡ
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˵˲ƣ⣿㲻֪ʲôﳼʵʱʱɱΪ˭ﳼ֮Ůȫ£ӵˣһؤҲ硣סҼңҪҺøģȥƽ·ˡ
˵ˣܲ˵ĻˣǹΪáΪ֮                        
лҪ˵qweq Сɰôôգ

4

ҶСһ֪ﳼ֮ŮΪʲôؤ֪ʲôҪôԴ
תһ룬ҲˣŮ޷Ǿ̶ϵ¶´¡
ͩҶӼģϾĵͣŮнɽ𻢣ҲɱӺҪѿ
ȼգڷ̣ȴ̧ʱѾϾ͹վȥ
衭ҶС飬һһڵʣҶС˴ֻͩһѾ߰дǲϲҶСǿбҪԸһ޸֮Ѿͷ
յſڣ˺ʲôͣ˽ŲͷŤһ룬Ҳ䣺ˣڼҲˣҪȥǡ㲻ҪԼңݣͬСɡ㣬ҵͷ⣬ٴͩĴҵĻΪֹ˵ȥˣҶСһڷ
ζ÷˴ͩʵڲо뿪︮ҶĹø裬ʲôϹؤַҲ衣ҶСģȥʹͩԶ߸߷ɡ
ȥ·ϣ滹ڣ̶ˡ
ſţոշʲôԤƵõ鷢ﺰͩͩұκһ䶼Ҳšͩˣ
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촩źɺȹȻǽ⴫һ䡰֦ͷ֡ڳ
֦ӵǽ⣬ǽ̫ߣֹΧǽһʱʵڰմš
ĹУ˲Щӵȹȹѱ֦ȥ˺˺ȥҲ¶һ档
һ·ڼܣ˿˿ء
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ǲҪҪģȹӣЦѺͬˡ
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ǿ򶨣Ʀ˵ȹֻһȴô࡭
࣬࣡иؤؾʹڵǰͳһѶ̵޷ǰϵͱˣ³΢磬Ҳ֮ȥ紵ȱơ
ۡͬҶСţ˾Ȼ˱Ѫ
̵ǰ룬Ȼʼ·һҶСҲ޷̣͵ץס˶̵
Ѫ˲ָ۵ģؤصյøˡ
Ѫðڵϣ״оϸָҪϡ                        
лҪ˵ҶСΪˣ

5

ؤڷˣݴ죺Ůˣ
ǰЦֻһĨѪ
˶һؤһֱûпڲϣƺո˯ѣõñӣбؿһֻۣʣ˭
ҶСоӦؤͷĿҶ
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ҶϽи̣ȥЩϣ˵Ҳ򶨣аյȺؤͷĿû
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ҶСæ˵˱壬ѾҲˡ
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ҶСϲʤ취еģٴ磬ҿԺ𡣡
ҶСڵϣ֦дд̶ȵһɹϵô˵һ
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̧ͷһؤǶΧһţڿһϷһʱкĵؤҩƵ˿ڡ
ؤ˺ͬٴλصͬʱ̫ҪɽʱҶСؤǶΧ
ҶСʣٴ磬ôˣ
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ҶС뻹ǿЩȥãһСڴ˼ϣñƵˣҲ֪ǲǹģһͷںڵͷ˲к£·ٲһ㡣                        
лҪ˵ҶСҪչò

6

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Ļƣ룺ãϲϲ                        
лҪ˵ߣӡĻ½СɰǾ˭ʺ˭ʺɣף
ӣҰ˧Ǳ׼
ĻӣѣĽСϡŮ

7

һǽ֮Ŵˣ߽һʮ߰ŮϹǣš
ţҶСվţҶСʾ⣬˵УУҪÿĹԹԵġҵĽӣ벻Ҫ
ϹЩͷˣүⶼǵˣǵĳ㶼ˣҪҶϡ⡣Ҳ̫źˡ
ҶС˼⳶ӡϹҲʵ᲻ã˰ˣģǿȣǮǿģźĲãĪǡ
ҶС˵ģǹӲƴ֣ٲӡ
аɡϹȥһȻŮְţϵӦǸողģûͩ
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˭ھҪλãӵλãôоȨ
£Ӯε˪񲿣ĻӮĽƱ߻Ӯѩ̲
Ľȵͼչʾĺԣζ̫ӱ֮󣬻Ȩ˵нС
ĿǰĻӮĽĵһĿӮε˪Ӯε˪֮һ档
Ľŵ˵£͸
Ȼ˿ףӮĽһ۾ͿˣĽҪӵš¡
ֳһɨıģȶδ̫ҵˡ
ǵ¸߿ӣԵµı£֮
ȷӮĽ˫۽гһߡ
һ¡Ľ𣬻Ҳ
áӮĽ˷ܣͫſ˷ܡ
оĽȱԶԶûˣԺֳ︡ΰͼ
ȶӮĽľʦҵſϷ
¾͵ƺðɡ                        
лҪ˵ߣӮε˪ĻӮĽѾ׵ŮˣôӮѩ˵㲻ǳ͵ģ
ӮѩϲŮˣϣҪ
ߣУ
Ӯѩƨ

8

Nջů
ҶСʱͩǰ
С㣬ˣҶˡͩۡ
ҶСôĴָ˲Ǽ⣬׽ŪͩԺϲ𣿡
С㣬ŸѾϷŪңû
ҲҪڼԺȫˣЩ㣬˵ſ
ͩæḧҶСظС㣬ĲûãҪңͲðգûá
ͩô˵֪㱻ߵʱҸоԼҪˡ
С㡭ͩ۵ؿ
ڰͩˣͩŹԹԶˮϴ
ҶСԼһջУӴ⿴ؤľƺͬ
ؤǾںͬ˯Է˵ЦԴҲյ
ͩ˵ٴԸҪúϢҿջϰ죬ٴ绹˻İȫ˵㲻Ҫ︮ˣסˡ
֪ڽѣҪǻȥ̶һưոݣ˵Ҳ֪ô͹ԣǲʣҲ塣
С㣬Ҿ͸㣬ȥҾ͸ģⱲҶѾͷ
˵ѾͷѾͷģԺ㿴ĸǿ׳ģҾͰˣޱȿ֡
С㡭ôͩɬֽ½
ҶСøдһţ˵ĸԲǶϣҪ
룬Ȼǰʲô︮ԺĴС㣬ôھ޾ɳ
ȻڣǾʹͩȥԺóԵģġ
ʳ֣ԺȲɽСǵܳԳɴǣǵܳԳɾǣνվŽſųһһ䣬д̾ӮıѼ
ȻҶСǰʳˣҶȴƺϲ·Сԣһŵ;е벻Ҷôôһ·˸Сԣ϶Ǻ«
һһţűڡ
ͩЦ˵С㣬ôҾ֪㻹ǸС㰡ҶСһ㶣ԭͩȻ˼ϾǰҶôĹãڵǲʮǧ
û뵽˼һſˣԭ˳ԺȲˣ˴Ⱥȴ죺ҽ³ѵĶӣҲǮȴھ
ϤҶСһ˾Ȼ³΢ǰڽͷײˣ³΢׻ҩ
ôô˻ˣƷء
ƹСһϾƣǮǻ׹ݣҲС
ҽ³ѵĶӣҲǮ³΢ԲͣҡҡλΣ룬ˤڵ˯һ
Ҫ˵軰ɾͽ͵ٸˡСŭˡ
һãһáһ˱ǣȴǸŮҶСȺ˵СǮҰ
ˣһһʮ
ҶСɫˣȴξƾȻҪһӣ⵽ǺȾƻǳӡ
Ӯѣ㵽ǰˮƽһһƿę́Ҳ˵³΢һϺ˼ʮƿę́
ȻľƣȻ͸󣬱Ͼҽ¸ݣ㿪ƿʮһƿľҲ޲ɡ
ûôǮɣƹСٳٲ˵ͱ
ҶСû˵ֻ׹ȡ˵Զ׹˵Ҳһӣ£ҼлЩӣͩȥȡ
ͩæ˵СʹãϷġ
ƹСݲͩ˵ֱ˵ֵ֪һӣҪֵƱҡ
ҳһ侪֮ﴫ˶ǣĴ˵ء
ȺĿⱻһɡסˣɡһݰ׵ţɡվһʮҵṫӡ
ҶСһۿȥ˲ǰЩڷ¥ͩṫô
ǳѩĽ³ۣһſƥһ˫۾룬յĶƵƹ⣬ʱ±Եøˡ
ȻֲУ΢΢ŲӿҶС
ֻ˵ҶСǸӵܣЦ˵׹ֵлˡ
ǹûб飬ֻҲ΢΢˵ҿҪǮİɡ
⻰ֵ·Цúϲ£죬ټӮܼү
ҶСһ׽Ū˵̧ǮҲҪ
ǹĿһۣͶߵ˵!
Ƶ⣬ӿڴͳӣС˵Ǯ׹ҼҹӰɡ
ƹСϲʤ׹ݸƣУүҪ
˵һλСλӻظ
˵˵ƹСЦˡ
ҶСջӣ֪ǹӾ뿪ȺҶСŽţŲ˵!
·˶˵Ǽ񵽸ǧѵһİܼӡ̬
ǣַ³΢ҶС뻹һ̣ȻϷƷ衣
ƹСƷڳ˵֮þ
ҶС΢Цл
³΢ڵϣһؿڣץסҶС˵˵һۼ˾ϲֿЦ
һ˵ҾƣҾơ
¹ӣôϲȾƣҶС
Ҷôˡ³΢̧ͷҲһЩ
ˣƷأɲˡ
оҶһȾơ
㻹Ҫȣ
ûоƣŻʲô˼³΢仰һ˵˺ü飬ͺ񲻸Զһ㡣
ǺãȾơ
ҶСһһƸˣҪ֪ǰľˣƿ׾Ʋڻ¡
СʹãʹáͩûᣬҶСȵػ졣
ҶСؽվƺϣͻȻͷЩΣ˵ûҶģȥôܵˡ
ҶҲȻûһӺȵٺˣҪȻʡ¡
ֻǿ̬³΢˵Ҳһ
³΢ǰˬһʱסˣԥһ£ƺû뵽һСǺˣƲУǺþƣ
ҶС˵¹ӣǲʲôˣɷ˵𣿡
³΢һһڿ:˵ðҵͷҸǸҽҲǰ̫ӿ˲ͱʥ
ʲôҶСͩˡ
ѵǰ̫ħ֣˲Ҳܿ
ֳ︡Ҷļ䣬һǰ̫ӱϣҶû䣬ĸױ߽ҲǴζ¼һˣѵ˹øҡ
ٴ£ȻҶе˸С
³΢һɢʫΪȴκʹƺԳ˫ۺˮ
ҶС˵ûа취˿Ǵٰ
εûջػĿˡ
ǳ֮ûܰ˵𣿡
Уӣ˳ơȹ󳼵¼Ƶܽύӣ
ٻϣҶСа취ȻܾȣȥӰɡ
˵ˡ³΢ͷ
ܿ죬͵¸³΢³мںүϷ˶һˣˡ
Ϊʲô³³΢ٴ˵λȥģ
ͩҪôȥ㱦ѼȥɣʦȥѼСӡѼھƹݸҲ˳ȥ                        
лҪ˵ҶС³΢Ǹƹ

9

Ѽɽ˺磬ⱦѼ͹ˮȴִɿڣԲӮ˳˰ֻѼӣ󱥿ڸȡЩǮֻȥǳԡ
ſڣȴһˣı˿ûȫȬһñӣ¶СذĲ
ҶСæ:磬ôˣ˿ɺˡ
ƺЩŭ㲻˵뿪ӮҪҼͯڽϿ㣬һšԱվһʮС꣬ؾͯ
ҶСЩΣû취ֻͣ˵磬ЩҲ˵壬֮סͦõģԺҲҪˡҪǣǧҪ͹ø˵ңˡ
Ѫһ㣺㣬ǲΪã뿪︮ܣǰܱ㣬һ
ҶСһͷˮ磬Ҫ
дűˣ֪ҵ⣬䲻Ƕصж֪ôֱԼģҲ֪ôԴԼˡ
û뵽ǸѰˣҶСЦ˵ 磬Ҷ⣬Ǳ磬Ǳã׵úܰͩıѼ˻ΣѼӣϲıѼȥɡ
ΪϲԱѼҲŰԵģ㲻ϲôϲϲҲŻϲ
磬˵ʲô˳ôأ
ǰ˵һףԸ
ҶСæ磬ϣҪ˵ЩˣȥɣҼǵһЩ顣ͩ֡
ıʱҶСͩȥûϵһҪס
ʱһЩֵ˱פ㿴ǣΪǴεˡ
ҶСЩͲסˣɫҲˣ磬ܲܶ鰡ǲǸպãͷҴģ㲻𣿡
Ҳ㡣˵úܿУƺͿ֤һƬġ
Ҫ𣿡 
ҷⱲӶ 
Ƹۣǲ֣ҶСЦһţҲĨˡϸţҶⱲӶϲ㣬Ȣң롣
ΪʲôþԼй㸸һֵĲŻ춼ɶ֪ϲŮˣ㻭ңûôѿ
˵ĻʵĲѿÿ춼
ҶСʵ벻ףһʲôûģȫ񣬻д
˿ĵطǧٱ飬ȻǷƾջ˿ĵط뵽⣬ҶСûһ㡣
ʱΧ˶࣬˵HģҲжҶСͷƷģ֮Ҳûʲôԡ
޳ܣ˵㣬㣬˵Ĳ滰ɣ滰ɣǰ˵ϲ︮ϲһʫԣϲҴһ𡣡
û˵ұ㣬ǰڣҶϲ㣬ЩƲǰҶϲΪʲô˵ˣ򿪴˵ңҶֻ֮飬ĸһֶûС
ʵʵ!ѼҪҪҪʹȥԣҪҾˣι˵رأ˭ܽסֵ
㣬㣡û뵽ǵȥٴͷðѪ
ҶС˵ΪʲôҪ۸㣬Ҳ밡ҶСоڴ֮˳ֵһΡǲ˵ݻⱲӾͻ
˵ˣغˣллˡ
ףô£һֱûзӦ˵ÿһ˾һ±
ˣȥˣһˣϣҶСİɡ
ͯСҲˣſϿޣǿɥһ㡣
ҶСͩڵýǻȥתһ룬ȥضҪѺ
ԥʱһ˵λ飬ҪһС
Ӱ£ȴǸʮҵˣһˮ£Щ죬ƺ
˴ȡһƿӣҩҶСƺͬ⣬ҩĿУ˵ĳһƥ͹ӻظɡ
ҶСܸоﲻԣæ˵͹ӣԼС
΢΢Ц˵ǵǶˣʵ³ѵǹʽ
ҶСŷԭ³΢׵ĹѣЩʩȵҽ
˵㵢飬ҽͯظЩҽβǡ
ҶС˵ֻЩ˼
ܿ˷ҶСͯ·չ˺үȥҲҪ˵ңһ·۶һ㣬ȫүҡͯص˵ͷ
ȥҶС˵ϣлᱨӡ
Ц˵¾лᣬŹã֪Ƿĳ㿴Ǳиָ֮Ǹ¶ľ򸽽о¥ֻˡ
ҶС˵Ҫƣˣ˵á
ͩҲǳ֪ȤڸҲ˵
ҪƣҶСƱ˵ⱭǾӵĳ!
С£αعҳݡ
˶˵ʵ죬һæ
ҶСʣ֪ʲô飬ܰæġ
ұ㿪żɽˣĳȣӣ볯³ѵйһν顣´٣ϣĳʹ֡
ˣȻ
ҲȻ˵´Ҳһ֮ԵҲʹġ
˵´ֻһ취
ʲô취
Ҫˡ
ңҶСһãȻ
ǰûв´ĻҶǬϵŮ
ҶСĻˣ˾ȻʶʼЩ衣
˵㲻Ҫ֣ҶǳдԱŮȻǼ֮ҳӮ;˵Ҳ֪һЩ
ҶСŽɣȴҪҰʲôæҸʲôϵ𣿡
˵Ҫ´ˣΨһӡ
֣ҶС·ԣ³΢˵˵ܽʶӣ˵һУһæġ
һŮʶӡ
һˣѣȥ;лʶȻлʶӡ
ҶС˵ѣξá
ûʲôԭ򣬾ΪҶǬϵŮҶǬ򶫹ֻ֮Ӳܾ㸸ףΪ㸸ƽҲһô
ڶ֮Ҷļû̫ӡֻǵø˱ᣬٶĶ֪ϾǻʹԺĴ£һٻ֮ҵĹŮ֪ٶأ
֮Ҷ͵˹øңΪ̶ĴڣӴ˿˱ߵҪҶСĳ֣ҶڻˮȵС
ΪһŮˣŮˣҶ֪͢һһľȻġΪƽΪŮԸȻҶ꣬ҶСڲΪƽĵ
νӽӣңҶСʡ
а취ҶǬϵŮŲӦ㡣⣬̶־Ȼͩ︮ԺסòãӦȥıݡ
û뵽һһ֪ҶСеľƱȡ
ȻһࣺҲҺʲô֪Ǻ⣬ΪΪ˾´ˣ뾡һа취϶ֻΪ㸸ƽҲ᲻ȥ
ãҿһԣҲܱ֤һáҶС˵Щ
ûйϵܾȻõģܾȣ˵꣬һƣȥ                        
лҪ˵ҶСˣΪ˾ȳ¸ףҪȥʶһˣ

10

صNջҶСϴԴ˵һˣҶҽǲԸ±µģôһθһ˿ɡ
ҶС룺˿ʲô
˿ɢ˵˻Ϊԣúðɣ߻ơ
˵Ҷ㲻۸жǰǰͰɡ֪ڴĸ±£ּԺֻˣȥ߼˲С
ʼεʧˡ
죬ʲôֱԡɥ
ˣûڴ±£۸Ȼˣ˳Ȼˡ
һϣҶСʶйĹӸ𣬿Ѿˡ
Ͼǰʶϴ󣬱֮ӮĸֹټҵĹӸ磬ϴҲֵһˡ
ҶһͷỬͷñţ㣡ҶСѾЩˡ
С㣬˵ʲô㣿
ţҵͷҶСȲضͩ˵
ףĺ㰥С㡣
ڶ죬ҶСͩͳߣ̣䡭Щ·˶ˣҶСĵغСϾ죬ֳЩ˵ġ
˰죬ҲЩˣ㿴һӰ߹
ʶһЩϸ׷½ϣһֵֻƺĹӣѵӵѣ
ߵǰŲĿۣԵŽ˿ȸͼϹżö解ǸޱߵĹӡ˭˶Щϲ
ҶС΢üչЦʲô 
ҶСæסЦݡҲӵѣϵĳǲܲģ̡䡭һһͩ˵:С㣬ҪٷˣҶ䶼ˡ
ˣ˺ð
ʣʲô
ҶСֱ:ˣƤܺ˼ҹ𣿡 
Ӯһεǣ﷼ǣ
Ӯһε˸ǳǳҾҶСҲƽˣҲĺЩϵҲ˵Ҷвա
벻һòɵĹﾹȻ˵ôŵ
ҶС룬ŵȣ㷴˵Ӧ۾ֻò𣿡
ӮһεǳЦ˵۵Ҷеʧˣˡ
ҶСûԤϵô˸Ŷһ:ȻˣҲСˣǳƽˡ
ƽããƽˡӮһεһЦ
㿴ȷʵЩסҶСǵӮһε޵ɱһճЩɱܹǲõġ
ʵұ˰ˣ鲻á
ҶСôĴָ˲Ǽ⣬˻˼СˣҿԽһ
ʲô
С˶ǼǳģҪһᱳٸʹԣҶСŵҪ֪һסͷȻڵϴΣ
֪Ļγȵ㾹ҶҼҹ˵ĵĻͷ
Ӯһεһ飬Ҫô嶯ֶҶС˵ֱӣ㲻Ҫ֣
ҶСĻӣЩЦ֣ԸҺϲԺǻѡ
仰һۡ
Ӯһεֿ˿˵Ҷһȥʫ԰գ
µ飬ҶСȤ˵Ҳϲ⡣
ϲ飿
ǸеˡҪȥˡҶС룬ٶ˵ˣʶ˼ҵɡ
𡣡
ҶС˵:ɣлĻ´ҸطȾƺˣǣܰһæ͸ˡ
Ҫ˵˵ʲôæδػӦ㡣
ҶСͷź΢ɢֹ˵鲻ԸĻұȥˣȾƵĻ˵ɣ˵գҶСͩ뿪
ҶСԶȥӰӮε˪¶һĲ⡣
£ŮԴǲе㡭ǮСѡ
Ӯһ˪ҡҡͷǮ飬ûоãղϴһֵ㡣
Ǯ˵ŮĨЩ֬ˮҲȻġ
Ӯһ˪ҡҡͷûҶˣûʩ죬㶼ζұŹУҲδŵ˵ĵ㣬ⲻӵζɢġ
ǮãȻ˵⣬еаˣ
ӮһεһЦ˸ס
ҶСסģǻڿջһ죬룬ǸӮӲȾƣֻƤȥˡ
С㣬һˡΪǸӮӻȾƣͩʡ
Ⱦ𣿡ҶС૵˵
м˲Ⱦأ
˵³΢㲻ˣҶСʡ
㰡ͩĹ۵㿴ҶСľȷü³΢Ҳ
ӮһεǹĻ壬ӦòȾưɡҶСԼ
ô֪ݣ
㿴ӣӣӣٻɫߣݰӮӮĶҲǻ׹ݰɡ
Сǹ۲΢СҪȾ𣿡
ǵ˵ܰһæ
ҼǵáͩĻո˵꣬ˣһؤҶŸ㡣
ŶˡҶСĵ
ŷ֣չţӮһεţֻм֣Ҷҹʱƿ¥Ӯһεּɾ䣡
ҶСԼͷ࣬ҰɫȹȹͷžͼܽغϵһҶãýϯ幫ӵӦò⡣
ʱǽͷʱ֣ԾƵĿ࣬Ҳ֪ӮһεĸλҶС˸㣬Ӯһε
ƿƵֻ꣬и޴ľƺڳϣƴӺðУԭ˻ΪƺƯڿСȻõ˺ܶ࣬ƿƵһصС
СƵûӮĿˣûнӮһεġˣȻʱҶСĵһ뷨
˸λ£ҶСûҪƣ˺һᣬǲӮһεСʵʲôֻҪһƣֵ˺һᣬǲӮһεֻô򿪾ƺ˼ڣʱȵʱƺֻʣһ롣
С㣬ӮΪʲô
ǲǿˣѵʱϸţдšӮһε«ʲôҩ
ҶСüۡͷסбɡ죬Ȼؽĳһ飬һҲˣǴʱҶСĴ˷ͶϲĿ⣬ûҶСЩա
ҶСһԾƣҶСܾˡ
ʱҲһ룬ҶСסˣٿվ
С㣬С㣬ҲӮ£㲻˵ǻ׹ĸ׹ûЩ¡ͩæο
ôˣ˼Ժȥģˣ
СһʱˣҲһᣬҲӮӾڸ·ء
ֱǴƭӣҪټŪɡͩˣǻȥɡ
С㣬Ļȥ𣿡
ٵȥԺûˣž۸ǡСˡ
ҶСس˾Ƶֻ꣬ͩƴš
߳һףһҶ                        
лҪ˵ҶСٿƭӣɣ

11

˵ӮһεĻҶСǿŭͣȻʼˣô򶨣һҪС
ҶõˣǮ飬ҼҹӽҪѲʵںҶʹ˵ڴ飬ɱɽˮԸΥԣҼҹӵ˼ǣҶκæ԰㡣
ӮһεȻ˵ģɽˮҶСżᣬһ΢ЦǮ磬鷳ȥתҹӣҪæǼӵ£Ҵɣǿտ˵׻Сˡ
ӣǮƺԥģһתҼҹӡϢɡûʲô£¸ˡ
ǮߺҶССʯӻȥž˭˭ʯӴ!ԶһԴƱ߷ɵʯӴ˸С
꣡ҶС׼У±˿һᣬʹУ˽ƺͬԱߵķNջ
᷿ҶС˰ƣͩ˵С㣬ٺˣٺͺˡ
ʲôҪӮһȰ˴룬Ǹͷڹ꣬ҺȾơ
ϾӦǡ
ðɣԭˡԭˡҶСžȵ̫Щˣſ˯һᡣ
Ժͩ˵С㡭㻹˵ء
죬ջȻҲԭƿҪˣϿѧ˽ֵҲ˿ջNջ䲻ڽڼ۸ˣԺܶѧͶջ
ϣҶСͩ߳ջѧдſڵĽֵһĻиͷɢˣſڵϣѧעȵĿ
ҶСǲǰؤôסںͬǰ˼ʣôˣΪʲô
ˣ˸ڵϣЦˣһְֻǿһͷ
³΢ҶСһ¹ӣô㣿
û뵽ɣǲû뵽³΢һֿ
û뵽ôһʱû㣬ͱˡ
˵иؤڷԣʱ򣬻˵ؤиŮ񣬽Ҷ³΢ЦеҶСеѹ
ҶСʣܸ¸ôˣ
ҵûҪնˣûоˣģҶ϶³΢һ޹ص飬˵ɼѾˣڵ¸һլˡ
ǣϴ˵ҪͨϵЩѰɣ
ѣĩ·ʱ֪û˿԰㣬ʹУҲֻǻˣ˵ţ³΢ˣʧȥûѵʹޡ
ˣˣ³΢ôӰҪˣѣҵѵĻ
ãá³΢СһӦˡ
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ҶС᳣һκ˵³΢ϾҪ￼ˣ֪вŻȥμӣΪˡ
³΢񣬵Ӻѣ˵ЦİɣٳԨһ̤ȥԶ
ҶСվ̾˿ʵһ飬ҲıԼ
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չô˵ģҶҹʱƿ¥Ӯһεּɾ䣡
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СЦҶ˵ҪھҪ֤ĳģҪôһ֧ɡ
裿ҶСˣһû뿴һŮһ裬ȷʵᰡ
Ϊ˴ﵽĿı붪ҶСվ˰Сʱѧ赸С赸ֻС۷ĸоҶСǸСӶʱ´ˡ
ƺҲ֪´Ǿͩöˡ
ôҶСûţԦʲô趼ôеաطתرQǼɡ
ҶСһߺһţȹӷҲ¶ˣСӿɲʮ갡ȻѪˡ
ҶСһ棬ֻźϸչ¶ţ湦򰡡žણСӵıѪεؿڣһѪ
ˣžֻʣҶСĴϢϾҶӽúܰ
˺þãڵ˴ŲŻȻϿˣҶСЩܳ
СӲ˱Ѫѯ⡣û뵽ˣСƿӣ˳
һ˪ûɣӮһεҶСΪԼƭˣӮһεƭңƭҶ㣬㣬˼𣿡                        
лҪ˵ҶС˼𣿻װӣװnmأ
ԣдĺܹ¶ֻԸǿһЦУ赸ϲǲЩΣ

12

Ӯε˪ʶؿ˿ԼţѵӲϵ
ҶСǱըˣûӮε˪·ԭһ·ǻӲܴٻƽۣɫӳöϡ
Ҷ»ڳԣؿ㡣űѪСӾȻ۲
ֵҶС´ˣǰװ磬ǻӿɲܴ۲Ӯһεðɱͷ֮ﴩۣҲˣӵ£
С˵⹷ٰۣӵ¡
ҶСͩ¹Ůǲ֪ǵ£´
ˣҶɡӮε˪˵Ҫ£ҽӮε˪³򣬲ź˵Ӯһεʲô£ֱ˵޷
ҶС˵뾡취㣬֪һа취ҽ³ѵˡ
³ѵӮε˪˲ɫƺ룬ҲˣʲôݣΪҪ³ѵ
´˶ʩ֮һնԲŶܳȫ
Ӯε˪ڵʣҵĶˣΪҪȫ㣿
´٣ٱ쾭顣
ڵʣ쾭壿㶮ʲô쾭壿һؤҽ˵ĵ𣿡
û뵽Ӯε˪һƤװ˴үҶСα
ҶСôĴָ˲Ǽ⣬ӦķӣлУæ˵ӮӢˣӢκһӮﶼԸݵȹӣ棬Ӣô᲻ںһٵ
Ȼ֪˵ĺģǿܲɣȻӮε˪ɫöˣϷˣҶСϲá
ĬƬ̣Ӯε˪˵ȥɣϣ͢㲻ҪܣûкôҲϣ㲻Ҫٺ³ѵ֡
³ѵˣĲ𣿵ٷ硭
Ӯε˪ŭĿԲ㣬ǲǾҲɱ㡣˵գһֻ̧°ͣҶСץúۣ˼
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Ӯε˪ҶС˵ȷʵһ㣬ϧˡ
ҶСܾǿȻģƴ³ĸ֣ٷ硭
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ѻȸӮε˪Ѿµ˷ʲô飬û뵽鷢չô죬ûиһ˿ʹʱ䡣
Ӯصؽֽ˦Ӯε˪ϣ˵ǱΪĺù٣úÿȫˣΪǮϧޣĹ㻹˵̰֮١
УӮε˪ĵһ뷨ξǻʵ۵ĸ֯¹ض׺ݣ˶ξ˭УҲķˣôķԼǶԵɡ
ȥʡɣӮˣӮε˪һ˹ޣĵһܣǿʲôã֮ͻΪУ                        
лҪ˵ҶСްɿްɣͺˣ
Ӯε˪֪ж᲻ᵯأ

13

ʹһ˼̣ģӮͻʵ۵İ칫֮챦Լ޵ȾڶߣǶܵ̫ѱܵ
ܹӦģиλӵĹӮε˪˪ĻӮĽĺڵ߻ӮѩѩŵߣǸλĹҲ
νһһϲһҳ˪Ӯε˪跹˼ڵȴǸƽ
£ȶ㣡Ļ̌Ʊɫ次
ҼҹȶϲˡĻӮĽرĽȣЩ΢
ĸŮʢ裬ȻӮ۵ųҲЩŮӮĽȴĽȵʮֺ
˲ƣӮĽ˵ȶҾ¾ټһˣ֮
ĽָӮĽ촽£̫ļˣڱͷϣ㲻ܾټ
ȶ˼ٹ죿
¾˭дټţ
ӮĽ˼Ƭ˵̫ӣ̫ӣûô졣ߵܣ
Ȼ²³˭ʤȶãأԣȴǳ
ȴǳӮĽ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼû죬Ӯ챦յйľټš
Ӯϣ̫ࣺūţľټſУ
̫Ӱȡݾټ£̲ͶԺľټš
û𣿡
Ѿˣֻݾټš
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⣬ִ̲뺣Ӯۿգ˵ûмǴĻ̲Ƿѩ˰ɣ
߻Ӿټ֪ͬԺˡ֪ͬԺӮѧãûʵȨǸоһס
вţҼǵáӮ졣
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Ӯ۽̲뺷£ûʣûƼ𣿡
ûоټš
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Ǯ飬Ӯε˪˵
£Ҫȥģ
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Ӯε˪ʣǮ飬Ҷסģ
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ҶСǿ˵Ǯ磬ҽҲȥģȥҹӣԺ󶼲
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Ѿͷٲ֣ҵĵɲ顣
ҶСǮĶӣæ˵ͩȥȸƣͻúôš
û뵽ҶСû˵꣬ǮһƽͩƿˡǮһ¥ջջϰŵĿ࣬书ټ
ܷܲȥȾƺ𡣡ҶС
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ҶСŭδϴƿƵ֮ʵûкɫӮε˪˼ұϾǻӣǺìܵ顣
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ûӮε˪֣Ըأ
Ӯε˪߽Ժ˽¼棬Ҳǻӣ񡣡
ĿԣҶСͷһ˵£´κȾܻܲʽ
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ԸԾû뵽Ӯε˪̬ȻܳϿңҶСŭҲһ롣
ҶС˵Һܺ棬ǰȾ㶼ȴҪȾơ
һֱȾƣ㻹ң죬㿴Ϊ׼ľƹ
ǰɣԶһϣȻһƬƣаɣֱǾƵʢᰡһҶСѾȫ֮ǰĲãҪ˵Ů˻ǵÿءҶС˵£ΪܺôƣҶ
û£Щƶϵȼ𣬺Ȳȥɡ
รӵľ뼸ʮһȼҪذǸ˸꣬һ붼ģǲôֱ׵ؽܣ̫أҲҪ
ԲҪҪȲ꣬ȫɡ
㣿ҶСԶԣǮôΪΪֻ˵ãҪô˵ɡ
ڲݵϣǮվԶԶǣǣһ
յĲ춼ھӮε˪һƸҶС
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ٷ硢߸ϣӮεѩ룬ôûûƤ֪ôòֳĹ˵ڵģκҲš                        
лҪ˵ҶСǰҾûƤû

14

ںΣӮε˪ЦЦ
ʱ΢紵ҶС˵ϣӮε˪˵һߣǲߣƤҡ
ӡ̳ʱ˼ԼݣȻǻӵܣȴɼҶСڣЩĽղŵЦԳЦ
һȨԽԶͻԽԽѡӮε˪һȨȻԶһΡɣҲһԾʹҩЧֻ
Ӯε˪ЦЦҶС׷ʣ½˵ɣ
һ⣬ΪʲôûзգΪʲôôѣΪʲôô׽
ҶСգ۾ֺٺٵЦһôΪʲôһش֮ΪûӾˡ
ûӣҿδأͨӮһεҵӣɲһ˵ӡ
ƺ˿һ㣬ҶС˼΢΢ףʵǰʹһϰûӣʵܴҵ˼
ס
ˣΪʲôءҶСƯ۾Ƴһۡ
Ĺâҹյ̻Ҳ峿¶ţ͸ÿãҺˡӮε˪̲סЦ˳
žͺƿԽԽԽԽ˼Ӯε˪ⱲӴûôĹһӶԣӦýǺŶԣҿڸء
˵һλӵޱȸ߹ģôָ߹ȨͽǮĸ߹֮£û˲رǵСӢʱԣûǰߣͶصľη£ʲôҲܿ£Ҳֲܿ
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ûߵߵӮε˪ǰôԣ롣ҶûߵˣƤҡ
ȵƻ裬ڲݵϿб˼һ𣬴Ҳһ𣬺ʶ˺ܾһ㡣
£ϴΪʲôңɱҡҶСʡ
Ӯε˪Ҳˣûаôɱ㡣
£𣿡
ûа
ƭҡҶСƺаյ
Ҳƭ㡣Ӯε˪ϣԸ⽫ԼºгǴĵĹ򣬻Ǽûиκ롣
ҶС:ֵܽ˵Ҳܰ㡣 
ֵܽ仰Ӯε˪ķķѣֵܣʳҲڴıһδɵСȻö֮سֵܡ
תһ룬仰ůģЦ˵ܰңȻ˭ҲܰЦôɬ
㲻ң
㣬Ӯε˪ͣһ£˵Һ˵ɣұˣҵҲûˡҲˡ
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֪ԼΪʲô˵ˣǰ;ˮס
ˣ
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ܿˡ
ҶСʱͷǳգϸűӣҲűӣ죬˭ɵģٿԱߣӾ˯ԱߡϣûһƵģҿǸ˾ӡ
ҶСæԶǮ鱳һʯͷϣ˵:ˣҪѵ³ѣܾûô˯һˡ
ҶСܻߵǮǰģǵģ㲻֪˼ҹ𣿡
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֪
һȥɡҶСȲ뿪
ƥ͸ˣʣµľƣһ͵ƺͬ
ҶСϸͷһҲ壬ͺ˺ܶΣҶ黭ͨҲᣬһŮӡ
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ǮѾĴŶңؤҲ޷ӽġ
ͩ˵:С㣬֪ϵˡ
ҶСͩ˵԰ûˣûˣҾǺȾء
ӵʱͩҶСһӲʣС㣬ʲôʱһӡ 
ʲôӣҶСƣȻһƴϵϣһȻǽʹӡһӦǣӮε˪Ȼֶţֱ̫
ʲôС㡣
ƣԽ
𣿡
ǰҶСҲҲõɡ
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ܲҵҪɱҡ
ƢŹ֡
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仰ҶСͩʱһ£Ȼ֪³ѵ׶༪٣ǹôһ죬޷ܡ
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еӣٴ磬չչҶС³΢۸
ТæܾҶʹãŽһƵͬأ
𣿡ҶСû뵽Ӯε˪˵˵ȻǺúóԾưɡ
İɣǲ³΢
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£̲ƽһɣ                        
лҪ˵ҶС߻ӣסˣ

15

դˣҶСͩڽ˷ҶС³ѵʱҲ߻ϸһۡ
Ȼ׹ڷ¥ͩ˵Ժᾭ档ȻӮѩ
ŹۣþòҲǿƥϧȻһ˯ѡ
һңϣһ仰Сվûվ࣬ûࡱ˵ľһ㣬ȫͷҪվֱˣǱضҪҶСҲʵҲʲôõĴˡ
Ӧ˶ӡ󣬵ҶСȴһ˵ĸоҲΪ߻ӵӻͦ˳ġ
ҶС³ѵǰ棬˶˳˵´ˣҴ΢ͳԵġ
ͩ³ѵᷢ³ѵҶСȻ˳΢𣿡
ܺãģ֪ڷûҵܲˡ
ãĶԣһûоûС
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ЩǧҪ˵ǰһ¡
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ģһġ
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ˣҶСæ˵ܲܵһȣιһڡ
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ѽÿ!ӮĽⱲӼˣȻɫȴټĶӮĽҶС˿۾ϸƷ㣬㣡                        
лҪ˵ӮĽ˵
ҶС㣬أ

16

ĽվӮĽѾ¶һɫĿü¡
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ҶС񱻳˽һȱ򣬺ֱʹ಻
һᣬٴżֵˡӣ˵Ҿϸˡ
ϣǲûһʱҶС룬´λǽһɣ챻³΢ˡ
ٵ˽ֽ̧˴һΣǴĲᡣ
ϽǣҪϢ´һ·ָܻ
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˰죬ҶСȥˡƽˣյֱ˱Ǳ˼շǷֻҪԴһͻһӣϾͻһߡ
֪ΪʲôҶСܸоһ˫۾ʼڶ񷢳Ĺâ֣Ļ֣ҶСоģ
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ҶС뿪ǸűƿСŮ˵С㣬㻹ûһأ
ҶСЩԾôˣСŮôǵôСŮѾߵǰƿ͵ǰ
Ҳ棬ҶСƿӣ׼ʹһԣ֪صһͰ|ˡ˶𾪣ôĹﾹȻô
С㣬ͩҲƣҲԡƿͷأôʹβ֡
СŮȻһЦҶСЦЩ}ˣСŮ˵С㣬Ǯɡ˵սصǮӽ
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ͩоֻ֣øҶС                        
лҪ˵ҶСɵұ˹㿴
ͩԲС㣬ΪȾأ

17

ҶСʱԼһƻͨǰһ뷢԰׵ߣźۣ׺ڶԱȵԣ˵һ뵽Χ壬ߵƣΧɱﵣ
˭ҶСܲ졣һͩԱߵϣ֪ʲô
˯ˣҪ
ͨƿͷСҺȾƣҶСЩ
ǴˣȷС
ǣ㵽Ҫʲô
̧֣һƸҶС˵㲻Ҫ㡣
ҶСƱ£˵˵һߣܻʣʲôߣ˵ǿƱ˵顣ǵ֯ϣܼ㽫Ӯˡ
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ֻһСϷӮǹ۲ܳʱˡȷеؽҲѡǡ
˵ЦɣѡǣҸͲʶǣ
һֺĹϵ·ܳδ·ϣҪǣȻҲҪ㣡
ҶСһͷˮԺһζԻҶǹٻ֮Ůйļ䶼ƽʮ꣬ʮӣҶķӦӦҲòȥɡ
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ͩʣС㣬ʲô취ȥ˰æɡ 
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ͩڼҴţڲ̫ƽȥӡ 
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İɣӲԹۡƾӵ֮ԵҶСһܾȻٵġ                        
лҪ˵ҶСڣŲܺߣ

18

˹Ӯε˪Ĺúܴһ·鹬ƣΪ𾴣Ӯε˪Ӧеġ
˻ʳǵʯ·ߣܿ͵˪չʾǰȻͷ˽ȥԺи˵Ҷ
ԭϴƿƵСӣС˵ϣǵ̴ӣ䷿ȥɡ Ӯε˪֪һ㡣
ϴȹ˲赹ˮɹ͹ϵѾˣټĹѰһ֮
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֮Ҿͼ㣬ʮһֱ㣡֮˵仰һӽҶСˣ겻ɢ˵еֲ                        
лҪ˵ҶСtmǲǸﰡ

19

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˵ǵһҪסϵĿ͡촽ʼӮ۵ĿͣûʥֱּӮε˪˵ģӮε˪ôĵӣ                        
лҪ˵Ӯε˪Ϊʲôô࣡أ
ҶС𼱣Ŀӻںء

20

񿴼Ӯε˪ҲôأʵǷǳصģӮ۴Ͷ˵Ӯ۶Ѿ޿̣˵׷½ﳼ³ѵ飬㣬һεģֱ޵ƾٻϣ񼫣޶ʧ͸ȴһٶս޵ĵߡ
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Ŵ˵ūŸոȥ߻ӣ߻˵̫ãʺ˯                        
лҪ˵Ӯѩ˯ôˣǸǰϲϲȥ

21

仰һ˶ЦˣӮǣ˭ЦǱţֻ˹ЦҲЦȻˡ
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ǣҲˡ
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Ӯε˪Щ˯ţС꣬˼ȥҹգ֪ʱNջʲôӡ
NջҶСͩ˯ˣҶСϲͩ˯ַůĵطԺʣ֪꣬·ô
С³΢Ӳȥͷ
ǲ˺ܶ۸
˵һΣͷڵϾͻˣΪϳ
ҶС̾һ˯ɣҺۡһȥ
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кȻӰվǮĸض˵ˣȰ㲻Ҫ£֪˭ġ
Ҳ˭ģҶһëұضʬΡǮһֱ˪
Ƕûкôģ֪˭ⱳһǲġ
ǵ£Ҳûãɱҡ
ãܿ񡣡
УݶƮɣǮĽ磬ˣ˳ȥǮֱҲһ˺һ鲼˿ڴּһֱôվţһľͷһ
Ӯε˪ǱԼѵģĵһ¾Ǯ۾УһĿ飬һȫˣͺˮȫһ㡣
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Ӯε˪ɤС˵ϣ˶˳ů󣬷ҵý˪
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˳ȥˣӮε˪ӴȥСأǾ
ûӮε˪ֵľǣ˯һŮӣûв´Ļ˹
Ұ죬ţһ۵ͬʱӮε˪һŵûʧɫŮӱϾһУ˭ΪʲôҵĴϡ˰ӦѾߵ֡
Ӯε˪һֻȥ죬־ףֻðο£侲һЩҵĴ
һӾסˣӽԼʵʵǿ˵˭ɫ۸ңҸһὫʬ˭ǲǣء
£侲һЩȲҪޡӮε˪æ´ȥʮ𼱵ٶȴ·ȻȻ˵ĳȹڴߵİϡ
⵽ô£ûʹȻô顣
֪Ӯε˪ϴӮһɱ¹һ˱νǣһȫӮε˪ٲ֮ء
˿ޣ꣬ǽ·ϣֽ£ɫ˵£㲻֪ʲôԭҲ֪Ӯε˪շ飬һ˰ҡ
˲ˣһֻֽ˵ӣ
ǰҾӡ
ǲҵòҽٳֵ
ô᣿Ӯε˪ļ٣ֲ֪ν͡
񲿵˸˵ȴ顣ַӿҲ֪޻Ǽٿޡ
Ӯε˪֪Ͳֻõϥ££Ӯε˪ڴģжԹһ˿Խ֮ģ⽴
˿ſźȻЦˣ⽴һӣˮĴ۾ϣʲô鶼û
£Ѷġ
˵۽һ飺ұϾͬһԺô졣
Ӯε˪ƴ:ģҶˣû֪¡
˺صɴ۾ûбˣô
Ӯε˪Ҳ⣿Ҳ֪                        
лҪ˵ˣ㲻ѻ˵ǲưոݵģ
Ӯε˪أ

22

˴˽һᣬӮε˪վڴǰ֪룬ƺµĺӣڵȴ˵𷣡
˿Ӯε˪ӢӣüĿ续ȻЩԣ㰡ǲǳˣ
Ӯε˪˵һûȢޣдʡ
ûף㸸ôȥμϲ硣
ΪЩʡ
˵㸸˵ÿĻӶˣҿδأڻУÿġ
˷øУϯϣڻ԰˿λӣҲûмס˭ǸĻ˵ĵȴûĶĸоǴʱӣһ۾;ϲ
Ӯε˪ӣȻһЦʣӣ㣬ˣ
ˣӮε˪ƺ˼
ӣ㵽ûУ
С
У˲û˭˭ôӮε˪ԼˣеĻǱҲǿġ
Ӯε˪֧֧᣺ǰ˹ҵˡ
Ц棬ԭӮε˪ʶһ¹Ĵ᲻ʶһӾȻЩæ˵㲻˵ˣҶ֪ˡ֪Ӯε˪˵ľһֻӮε˪ǣ´
Ӯε˪ǣ˵֣˵һȥɣʫᣬһҪ
Ӯε˪Ҿ˵£ε˪Ҳһ㡣
˵ɡ
ոʶгɼʫϣҸһ飬Ҹ֪زϣϣΪ˵û
ô򵥵飬Ȳ˵İɣ常۰ˣҪ첻Ҿ㴦á
ϣҸ·ҽлȥ
ؿԺҹˣ
Ӯε˪Ȼ󣬴˵ãˡ
峿·ϻЩŢҶС³΢ȥֽС﷢ͷӮҲв俴һ档
ԭ򣬺ܶຢӱˣ˵ĺ𽥾ͱֲиʣؤӮĺڰѰǴµı仯ǽеĻؤеıūеıɱ֣еĳˡеĳС͵
֮Ӯ
ǿͷ³΢һ:΢磬ҳԵġҳԵġӣһͷȫˡ
ҶСԼҲһ¶ûзԣû´棬Ĵʦʲô
ʲôһԵİʦʼϴĥʹᣬȻ˵ҸˣƼȡҪһ
ʦ˯ͼƬóҶСſŴĸףСʱ򣬸׶˵СУǳȾⱲҵĽ
ǸӾǣҶź涵ҡҷһ˯
ҶС͵͵ᣬͩ:С㣬Ҫģ㿴ǶԵñء
ҶСӲ:ҲģҲġſžЦˡ
ǵĶԻһϣүⲻ´ү𣿡ԭһȺͷƤи˵㿴үؤͷң
³΢⻰ܵˣһӣȥ֪ȺͷƤݣס·һֺø嶥ߣ֪˭ĵ̣졣
³΢ǿͷҧгݣ˭·ɱ
ү˵ݻžһƽ³΢˦һԶ³΢ʹô¡
ҶСæȥ³΢΢΢³΢Ѫܿ첻ʡˡͩʹĲѣһߺһ³΢
һʱмһСؤܹ³΢΢ôˡ
ȺƤΧ˹˵ͿӣôѴүˡ
˵Ѻү̺ˣͷ´ү
ҶСվŭ𣺡֪ǰʲô޶ҺҶ
һ½˺һҲôһ£˶Цû˻ôòĹǰŮ
͵ץסҶСҶСʱʹ
˵ڱүǰᣬһֵҪƤϡ
ͩæסֱ˵ү㣬ҼС㡣үһ־ͽͩסͩ󺰴
˻ҶС౻һ飬¶ؾĨأ쵰ҶСʹ
طǴ֣û˹ܣҲпֵΧſе˿ʼѪ
˻ҶСȹֱһ顣
˹Цʱֻһ˵ǹͷ
Ǯ飬վһľͷһ
ǿͷ!֪Ǻүʲôˣ˾˿ӵĻƤǶЦ
һžžžƤǲ֪ʲô֪ʱֻô̹ǵʹе˵ȫˣֽȫˣ޵˷
ҶҪҪɱǡǮ˵ţҶСϡ
ҶСҡҡͷˣ߰ɡ
ү˵˵֣Ҿ˾˲Ź㣡˵֣
Ǯ˵ȥ˾ˣԺ󲻻ٳǰˡҹһ仰ʯ쾪ƤǶŵˡ
Ƥ߹⣬Ǯ˵Ҷһ档
ңڣ
 
³΢ˡ
ģϽͻؿջҲõĴˡ
ҶСƴǣһȥ·ɡ
Ѿ׼·ڹô˪ļͲСǮ˵ʱһʻһˣϣЦ棺Ҷɣع
ҶСͩ䣬С㣬һҪСģͩͩš
ҶС˵װڹȥҶСʣС磬Ҫļ棿
԰ǻʺıԺ ϻشҪڹ
ʱ԰ַǷӮֵʫ˱ҪϯĸλӣƷ󳼡ӮģҲࡣ
ʱ;λĻӮĽڻеλ˵ĹϵڻϤģ԰ʹ˻˿ġдʲôʫ׼ˣĽȵ˼ǧҪʲôʫһ׷ȤĴʫضջķġ
߻ӮѩӮĽӣֲ䣬ĿӮΪҹһʫӮѩӮģѼ˵ϲƷ˵ϲãӮһ׺ʫʫһܴ
ۿʫ󻰾ҪʼˣһֱͷӮε˪ôأｹĲС
ӮۿĽǣʣôˣ
Ҳ˼˵Ӯε˪ֻʣ˵Ӯһ
ӮЩԾʣиɣҲ𣿡
ô֣Ȼ
Ӯۻ񣬷Ը˼䡣õּǽӮε˪μʫ󻰣һǴˣȻ⡣Ӯǲʫκα֡
ʫʽʼʱλӶţӡӡ˻ӡŻӡʮӡʮһӶ˳ɼ䣬Ҳ׼ϼʫ䣬ЩʫǼĻдģдĶǼã״Ԫ֮ţһҲȤ
ֵӮĽ߻ӮѩʫģǿһҲûбֵ˼վ˵£һʫ͸㡣
߳һˮԧ죬һһƬƬһۣԵɣ
ʫһ˾˼ǰȫȴˣЦ˵Ļӵʫ治
ʱλ󳼵ǾˣǴӮһǰǧž
ӮҲЦһ£ʾ
ӮĽ˳˸ټĽ׳ˣҵȴȴģ¡
˵ĻӺвŻ
ֵ߻ˣ˫ֲ䣬Ҳ˵
Ӯ˵ѩʫأȲˡ
߻Ӯѩֻվ˵׳ˡһߡ˵䣬˶ˣ˵һˡ
ӮȻˣΪӮѩûжʫѩʲôһ׼Ҳû𡣡
Ӯѩ˵һߡˡ󳼶εĲУӮôôһλӰ
ڵ˵һʱӮѩȴһ䲻һġ                        
лҪ˵Ӯε˪ӮѩҲʫʲôһߣ̽㣡
ӮѩңҾ͵ƨ

23

˾ڵ˵һʱӮѩȴһ䲻һģ˼ǡ
ʲôôõʫӣ˶Ӯ˵ʲôѽ
ǣˣ
ôõʫܾͺ֣Ȼ˶кáӮЦ˵ɵʫô
ðǲѺϡ
죬󳼶ɵۣôõʫںѺѺϡǶϷϷɡ
Ӯ˵ȷʵѺϣһ仹ǲģ˼ˡʱ󳼶ͣ˵һǧԡ
Ӯ˵Ȼʫˣô빫һ!㿴ɻǡ
˵常ôӻûʫأ
ôӣӮĽˢһһ롣
ӮҲɫ񣺡ε˪أ㲻ǽأ
æ˵£ӾأûеʥּҼݡ
!
Ӯε˪˴٣߽һĨ棬鲻վӮĽһĻȫˡ
Ӯε˪񣺡°ݹ£¡
Ȳ˵常дʲôʫң
Ӯε˪վ˵һʱû׼
Ӯŭû׼ʫʲôҹȥ
˵常һȣҲǫأôвŻ߲ʫ
Ӯ۵Ȼ̧ܣ˵ȻҪ߲ʫǲɣ
˼˵Ҫԡ˼Ϊɣһõġ
Ӯε˪룬ڴУˣĿ棬ƹ飬ϧϧ˼ݺɡ
ǴŮ֮˵óʫǽõģӮε˪֮ƣ߲ͳһʫȷʵ̾ǿӮûû˵ȻóȻкá
գﷴ׽Ȼ˵ʫд̫ˣ̫ˡڣǰȥ˵Ĵ鴫ʫҪղ
תӮ˵常ʫõӡʱֻһгݵʹģǾӮĽȭͷˡ
Ӯ۲ûбֳһ˿ˣ˵ε˪˵ʫõġ㲻𣿡
Ӯε˪¶΢ЦҾ˵ε˪ллͣ
Ӯ˵Ȼ˵һҪʲôͣӮ۵Ĺأзʳԡ
Ӯε˪˵²κν͡
ЩżʲôҪĿ˵ɡ
Ӯʣε˪ʲôҲҪ
˵Ĵߴ£Ӯε˪ȥ£ε˪ȷһڱ¡
˵ɡ
һˡϣҶ
һᣬһСͽȴҶСŮװġҶСûмĳ棬֮ǰҲû˵ʲôֻ˵Ӯε˪һݣӮε˪Ա߹񣺡ŮҶݼ¡
Ӯһ˵Ҷ³ʲôȫĨӮε˪˵£λǰҶǬϵŮҶ
˽ﳼҶǬϣŮҲҳӣû뵽ȴ㲻£һҳӴǰ
֪Ӯ˵
Ӯε˪ժҶСñӣҶСûŪȻһͷںڵͷɢȴ̾
Ӯε˪дʣҶҶǬ֮ŮƷи߽࣬ȾҶûκιε˪Ҫκνֻͣϣ²Ҫ׷ҶƽƽĵӮ!
ҶСû뵽Ӯε˪콫ʹΪ飬Ȼ֪ĻǿӮε˪ĳ֮ģһĵס
Ӯ۲˵˵ûɱҶǬ׷ĪһҶǬϵŮǷ꣬͸óҶֻǶξɳĸһֱûнڻĵӮֱǻơ
˼Σ˵常Ҿ˵û֮ҪŮ常ȫӵһƬİɡ
Ӯһʱ֪ξ񣬵ô˵˵ҪӮε˪ͣǲʳԵģ˻飬ȷʵ¸УӮۣôױңȻԺϡ
Ӯԥʱһ˸𾪣ʣҶɲҶǬϵŮ!
ܸ߿˶ӮĽӮĽվ磬Ҷϧʤٳû˵ɣ
ӮεĵҲû뵽˻ڳ¹ʫô£û뵽ĵܵܡҪءĽ㲻Ҫ˵˵
Һ˵˵Լ㲻֪ǰ߲йԱﳼ֮Ůôһɶ
Ӯε˪Ҷʶ鲢ʲôܣҶĹϵҲֻˮݣһŮ֮⡣
Ҷﳼ֮ŮӮ۸״Ӯε˪ҲŸշáӮε˪֪ٽƱȥҲͽͣΪֻģ
Ϣ𾪵Īˣ˭Ҳ˵ȥˣӮε˪ϲȻûᡣ
Ӯε˪ҲĵƲҶȫһû뵽ССġ̡ӮĽĻ״顣
۾ˣһװµŮӮε˪㲻˵ûˣƭңǲƭң
Ӯε˪֪һҲûֵˣ˴룬˺ãҲΪҶ֤һжΪӰӮε˪˵˵С
ǣ˵ңңĲݡ
Ӯε˪˵Բˣû˵ȫҡ
˿ˣˣӮε˪ǸƭӣǸƭӣ˵תҶС㣬֪߳ܣ˵žһ¸ҶСһ⣬ܳ˴
ɱģҶСһãȻȻôֱǺ޼ҽ̵Ĺӣ׷ȥš
ոһĻ˶һãȻϾ˭Ҳ֪Ӯε˪֮䷢ʲôӮĽҲû뵽һ仰ȻôӵĹ¡
Ӯۺ񣬿ȥ׷!һ̫԰ȥ
ٴοӮε˪ӮŭɶӮε˪㵽ʲôùô㣡
Ӯε˪Ȼ˵ͬ飬ֻ˵£ֻҰɡ
Ӯȷʵһ߷Ӯε˪ҶСȻ֪ʲô飬֪һ㣬ʹʲô˰Ӯε˪ҲӲʲô÷ӣ˷Ŀɳˡ
ʱĵӮε˪æţӮ˵£㲻ܴˣ
޿ǲͿˣֱˣ˰Ϊʲô֪ܵĶӣֱӮ۵ı鼸鴤Ŷٻһ㸸ԵɣûУ޵һΡ
Ӯ˵ˣӮε˪˪ԶóšӮҪӮε˪Ǻ̫һĽ֣󿴣Ӯε˪Ҳܻ̫ӵһɱһɶ˭֪ӮһСݲõ˻ȫأ
Ӯε˪ЦˣֿˣԲҺ㣡ض򣬡£ε˪ԸܴҶһ
ӮҲˣģ̫ˡ˰𣡰ѺߣѺߣӮۻδ˵꣬ʿ˽Ӯε˪ϳ˴
Ӯε˪ź££ĶӣĶӰȻԽԽС
ҶСҲû뵽֣ӮʰӮε˪һҪʰȻӮ˵ﳼ֮Ůˣ
ˣҶСû뵽ôأæ˵£ΪҶǬϵŮһҪɱҲ𣡡
޲Ҫɱ㣬Ҫͷ­ڳ¥ϣµ˿Ե³
ҶСٽƱ磬ݲ˵һ仰мʿϣҶСҲ
ϳţҶСҲˣȣҲԸȥϧҶ壬ڸʿ
ˣˣ벻Ե޹ʾˣ̫ˣ̫ˣ                        
лҪ˵ҶСҲҲӶ˭Ⱦң
ӮѩһȰ취أ

24

ҶСΪԼҪʱһˣʣһ£
̫Ϥˣģ߻ӮѩӮʣѩл˵!
ʿûмϣҲͰ׾룬ʱӮѩܾľûˡ
Ӯѩ˵ʣһ飡
ʲô鰡ѩ
ҸиŮˣȱһŮ
⹬ŮҶܣ
ӮѩĵأҪҶÿҾϲÿģʲңҲûйϵҾסӮ¥ȥӮ¥ʲôеطǻʼҼԺ
ˣһƤʲôӰֱһɵӡ
㡭ҪÿĹû!
Ҵˣʵʵ˵ɣҿҶ壬ȻҪϲˣỹ㣬ʱ⴦öУ
㡭Ӯ۲֪Ǻã˵ȥҲ֪Ӯѩ˵ʲôĻ˵ããҶΪ͵ȵŮѩŵˢͰ
ڴĪӮĽȻûеõ˵ķģٻл᣻һ仰Ūӣ̫֮·ˣǿףҹģ⣬߻ӵĴǽһЦӮۻôȫӮĴҲͬ⡣մմϲ
ѩŵĺԺ
ҶСѺˣȻǼһںܶ˿ֻǼһӮ۽Ϊ͵Ů֮ŮڻʹֻܹӲдҲһ㡣
ϽһʪķʹҲв񷿣Ҳʭӣһġ
ҶСŽȥӾͱŵüСҶСŮҲ룬˵Ůġ
رƿˣһŮþ޴ȫסˣ˵ʨ𣺡ҶٽУҽ˰ϡ
㣬㲻֪룿ܸܲһһ䡣
㻹ּۻۣ⸮һֻ붼磬һͷͷ㣬Ҳÿ
ҵô΢ҶСŻǲţѵûһ㹫ƽ𣿵Ȼûеġֳһ˿˵˵ˣܱסá
ãҹܲ㣬ܼˣ
һܼҡܼҵģܵ
Ҷ극ϽȥɻͰ·ͨͨϴǸ
ҶСԱߵķһƣĲһأô԰㣬˳Ե𣿡
㲻ûйϵҲû˹㡣ϸɻȥɡ
ҶСԺһ⣬һٶͰѳɽ·һꡣѩŵﵽǲǰϲ°ôôſڣôƨʺ
˵ɻɣĻû˰㣬ʱȻʰ㣡
ǲף类һͷҲñҶСÿӼһ·ף̫ˣʹ˶겻ϴ谡
û취ֻӲͷƤɣҪȻڵ֮ǽĴͩͩͷ
һһϴɻٶȿ֪жܿ͵ʱ䣬ԺﱾһŮȥˡ
վǹˣܸܲɵĿһ㣬ûгԷ𣿶ԣûгԷֽ㲻ˡ˵תͷˡ
һᣬһȺ˽Ϊ׵һʮ̫࣬þݣɫĹ·Ʈ۲ݣһȥЩü۵ĸоС̫ࡣ
Ҷ̫෢˼Уǲôûɣ
ҶСڵϣæһ磬˵һǱ͸ˡӲŶͷϵĺ飬˵԰˸ɵ𣿡
ˣ̫ЦˣŤͷС̫࣬һֺ˵˵ˣ
С̫඼Ц
̫ӱĵЦлˣɫú㻹ûʶݣ㾹ȻԼ˿Ҷ㺦ǣ죡
ⶼʲôһԲϾ죬ҶСæ˵кã𶯲ʹЩ𣿡
֪С̫ģĸ˽ס˿ʼ
ǡҶС˵ƾȻҿ
ҿС̫Ǻܴ󣬵Ѿˡ
ûŮƵģ̫࿴ȥˡ
žžžȻˣҶСƴͷÿ˵һ仰ƾˡ
ٴȥƵҪǴˣô찡žһƽ˼ȫˡ
ӣǸ֣˵Ҫ𣬿˫ֱס˽ӣ
ƴȫ뽫ջҶ̫ˣһС̫ҲǶ֣ο
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̫˵˭ڷƨأ
ڷƨԺſ߳һģһɡʼӾš
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߻ӮѩҪӣڵ˹ϸָסӣ
˿ҶСҶСģûô⣬ȻЩС̫Ƚ飬ҶǴƣСҲܴĺӡ
ӮѩԾ̫˵ܼңһ𣿡
ܼͷϣǱ΢ΣԸǣ˵ֻҵҵס
Ͱ࣬Ҷһ
£ɱūˣһԸūϸϴȥ
ҪҶɾвУӮѩ˵仰ҶС¡
ܼȻ̫Ը⣬ǻصúøɴࣺūǰͲءǣû˵Ҷȥµĸ
ˣҶӮѩ˵תˡ
ȥǲȥҶСԥҲ·һվڶһ磬ȻЩذͰû뵽ѣѳɽͰȫɢˣһء
Ӯѩȫûһ㣬ǰߡ
߻û뿪ֻܼÿСѾͷһŪ㣡
ҶС˶񣬱ӮѩԺӡһֱں棬Ҳ˵
ӮѩůӽӮѩһٻۣļãһۣӮε˪Щ
Ӯѩʼûõǰ֣ҶСΪˣ֪˵̫ˣƣȥԡɡ
ƵСʾҶС
ˣõ㻨ѬһѬӮѩһ䡣
ԡҶСѾȲӮѩôˣ
ڻƤɢ֣˭һ㣬ͻﻬȥ
ҶСһŮ·ɫģ
˳ůĻӮε˪޹ֻ࣬ӮѩһЩҲûʲôɽˮֻһЩҰ޵ƤëװΣϸи߰⣬˵ɥ־֡
ΨһһŻǹϷģǰŮͼܽһ£һûоȵӵܡ
Ӯѩ˵ؿŽϾôˡ
ҶСȻ̲ס˵£ллľ֮ôӮѩʵ˾Ӧ֪ͼҶС
áӮѩ˵һþû˵
ҶС֪ʲôܹҪ˵ɣҪȻӮѩȥͰ˸⣺Ϊʲôǰң
ҶСؼǵãһڷ¥ͩڶھƹǰĶ׹̳ϣҲ
Ҳþˣ
Ӯѩһ仰˵ҶСһѪûϾˡﰲοţû£ϰ˾ͺˣƤ˻ǵһƼ
ϣ˯ӮѩȻ˵ˣһ仰ְҶС˵ñˣֱǲҪ˯
æܾУ㻹Ƿһȥɡ                        

25

ΪȥʲôҲûУӮѩڻƤŲŲƨ, ΢΢
İã
ӮѩӣĿƿʣ㲻ϲ˯
ϲϲ, ǡҶС֪λش𣬡, Ҳ˽, Ҳ㲻˽, ˽£˵һŮ˯ӵݡ
ҽ춼͸˵ˣû뵽ӮѩĲݡ
, £֪ɼ, ܲһ, ҶСЩ, 岻Ĳܲһء
ȥ
ҾòҲҶС˵仰񷿵, ֻȡɣ
ȥ, ͷһû, ҸʲŹġ
ҶСû뵽»Ƶ߻ӾȻڹ
˯ܶһ죡ӮѩԶôġ
û뵽ڹ, ҶСǰҲֵ˯һ, ȻҲûֵܽŮˣ˯߻ӵůȻûʲô˼һ˵, Ӯ۽Դߡ
ҪǣӮѩǲǹģҪô죬ɴûбǲԽĵߡ
㻹ԥҽȥˡ
ҶСֻӲͷƤ˵ס˯İ
ô㰮˯˯ģӮѩˣƣ˸ͳԵģҪȥߡƵĲ£Ӯѩ߳ů
뿪ҶСҲ֪վǻƤΣʣûǸȥһ˳ԵģһˣҲ˲˶٣ʹڳ
ҹˣҲ˯Ӯѩ˯پԼ˯ģû뵽һӮѩûлۿŵˣʵòУڰ˯ˡ
ҶСʱֻζ˱ǣǰİȫζȣģ˵ζȫˣۣû뵽ӮѩڰӶ棬еس͡
£㣬һûҶСæԼգЩ΢΢ʹ
Էɣ극㻹Ҫȥɻ
⣬ʲôҶСӣʱŮ衢豭ӣǷǰڡ
ӮѩԵúҶСҲҳԿ죬ĶˣҲ͵͵
԰գӮѩ˵ԺͰϴˣ·뻹ǵϴһ㣬ǵʱϴӣŵ㻨Ѭ·Է˯粻ǱߵʳԴҶСǰһͱ
ҶСʶ߻˵һΣͺ˲ݸһ㣬ݸ壬Ҳһ˵ôԲ
ǴĵҶСĿѾЩı䣬Ҫ˵ӮʻõˣҲҲûа취ʵ벻˭һĻӡ³˵٬޾أֱǻİࡣҶСûôࡣ
ٴԺ߻˵һûͰֻжѳɽ·һ룬ǽ겻ɴҪᣬ߻Ӵδܰϲ˯Ѿ֮¡
ʱҶСɵúûͰôˣŮڲԶˢͰЩۡ
ŮȥԷˣҶСͳֽͱȷʵЩˣڴڵسǽԼľͩûܰҲòҪ߻ӡ
ʵһֱԥҪҪԽӣǸҲܰԥ˰죬ڵϿûвһĵطȷʵʲôҲûУôִء
ϰ죬ȷʵûŪȻ
Ҷʲô
ҶһæӲԭǺܼҴС̫ˡ
óǲ͵Ķ
ҶСվŭΪʲôҪ͵ۿ˵͡
㡭̧ܼһֻ֡ҶС̫࣬ˣ֪ڵ¶ʲô̬ȣҴһԣ
үүҿóһֻӡԱߵС̫༷üŪۡ
ܼƵ󿴿ҶСҲתܼŭˣ͵µĶ⵨ӿɲСǣ
С̫һӿϣҶС֣ҶСϷ֣һǣһߴУ˵ΪУûţȺ˵
ھ˴ʱصһһǺ˵̻ըˣС̫ŵ˲棬ܼҲŵòᣬǰһªձվǺٺٵЦ
߸Ķӣֹˣ
ҶСһˣ
üЦ˵Խ㡣
ҳԷԡޣҹҲ
һԣδԸҲʧ
ðɣʶˡ
İɡ¶ɫЦʡ
Ȼǣһæ˵ûа취㡣
˵ɣҲδܰ㡣
ҵѾͩҺһҺܺãԵĺã˯ĺạ̃ҪģҺܿȥ
ѡ˵仰ʱȻûЦ
ûУôôͣҴˡȻҲǽװװңҿԻر㡣
ڿǱġʹҲ֪ġܳԵĺã˯ĺã
û뵽ҶСѣ˵ô˵ȻҲҪźҸԸźˣôˣ
ڸ𣬲ԲȰˡ
ԲȣǮ鲻𣿡
Ǯˡ
ˣҶСû뵽Ӯε˪Ϊô࣬³Ļӣ߻أֻ֣֣ôܾӣ
廹ϵˣܾˣֻˣ
ǰôû뵽ҶС¶΢ЦΪ͵ŮĵһЦݣ֣ǸˣҶˡסģ
ϼ
ã֣ȥɣһˡ
ãҺܿģȻһ֣ҲһССڣصһһŨҵ̻Уֻɿ
ҶСǺ˵̻ƴԣСΪʲôô⵽ʲô°
ϻصůûпӮѩҲ֪ȥˣˣڴڳˣҪѩŵӮѩĹưæɡ
ůĴ̽£ȴûУһӮѩЯҪһˣֻѰһᡣ
죬ȴӮѩůҲֻա
ѩ⼸ôˣӮ
˵ߵ⼸ãõúܡ
Ӯ۽Ӵǰÿūţô˵ôڣ
˵£ߵ²ÿȥȥӮ¥뾩ٺСơ
󡣡
ɲ
ǸҶӮ۲
Ҷˢ£ϣסߵµش仰ʱҲС

26

Ӯžһ½еĲ˳ȥ, ôһŮϣŮ¹ƴͷӮģջˮ!ڴǰ, ͷۣҿлûõһ
˵, ڲſʵʹ˭ôΪ, ȴƴԲ˵, ʵߵТġ
ȷТҲʵûʲôԿģТһģɵĶ, ʵ˵ĸТТ۲ŻƷУ, ۡ, ߻һ, Ӯε˪õģϧȴӮ۴
˵ТӮһТ
Ӯ۲ɵ˳˼, ÿĴ, ֻӮѩĵһ, ͸챦ӮѩƫƫʲôҲ, ÿ궼͵ʲô, ʲôҲûС
λӶ޽˵һѺĻӮѩһ˹վ˵, һˣҪԵõģϲҪҹ
ɰӺȺЦˡ
ƫƫӮ˷ǳŹ֣ʱ仰ȻۿʪΪӮѩĸÿζ˵үóԵĸ㣬ҪԵõģ㹫æϲҪҹ
ӮۻûеϻλʱеĺӽֻӮѩһ˺
ӮѩӹǲرÿԸ⻨ʱչ
¡һ£ξ⡣
ɡӮ۾İͷɶԼˡ
ڵ죬ӮѩصůǱСƷůģˡƽϣȥѥǺ˱ӡ
˳ŹˣҶСû뵽ôõĻᣬղͷ֣ƾ͹Ӯѩ䣬òʡ£֡
Ӯѩ΢΢ҶСŵ˴ǰӮѩ˯ĺܳҲأһʱѲġ
شȡ¹ƣϵģȥҰѵҲ޲ɣеء
һʱû⣬ֻؽ⣬ţһƽץסˣҶСˣһҶС屻˴ϡ
Ӯѩһ
ҪˣӮѩˣҶСȻŵòᣬκʱĴȴѿſӮѩĻһֱֻ۽ס
Ӯѩ˵ŻҶСȻ˯ŵģ쵰˶ʵ
ҶСش۰ѳҪɹʱӮѩı۰ٴαס찡ҶСҪˣʱӮѩ߽ߣ˯
ҶСͷԿҪըˣٴ뷽跨ѣֱסˡ
˷Σڳɹˣ
Ѿƣߣû뵽ӮѩôͷȻô󣬹ҲֻҶӹ̫ˡ
ڵϸοؿڣ滺壬ֲҴϢٴȥȡĹơ
ӮѩȻ˸ϵؽ¶⣬ɵؾõ֣ҶС˵زУůȥ
Ҫߣ
ҶСŵȶˣӮѩôʱʱ˵λ
ڽڴһҶ磬Լֽͷϣѩŵ߳
ʱҹҲոյ˺ʱﶯܴ±˿ܿһЩѲߵĻ͵˵ſڣһ٣ͽŴˡ
ƵñҪȥڹ·ϣһѲߵʿסֻ˹ƣ˳ˣȨ
ţҹɫдһҶСŵڻԷ߳һСӰ
ҶССʨӡôڻʹ
СʨǰһҾŰã
ҶСĴæСʨԷļɽ£㲻Ҫˣʲô
Сʨ˵ŵġ
ңϴ㵽ô£֪ӱ㺦ˣ
Сʨӱֳһ޹ţĲܹǣֻ˰ӣҲô˵ġ
ôԺ鷳㲻Ҫٶˡ
СʨӴ˵ŵġ
߰ɣھߡ
Сʨ̧ͷʣŽȥ˹𣿡
ҵܡ
ǣ˹ز
ز㿪ЦİɡҶСֻںߡ
ʲôʱ򿪹Цţ鵽ܱ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ҶСȻҲơ
ž޴ϣȥˣ֪زϢεġ
˹ӵһ֮Ѫգټˮһ𡣡
ãزʲôϵ
Ҫ˹㣬ֻҪκĲͿԡҸ׼һᵽȻͻᲡСʨӵһע⵽Ҳʲôֵֻ
ҶСĿ࣬ǰһֻߵСŮĲ֪α飬ÿǶҪǿеѩֲ̿òʹһٸԸ⡣
ٴҲţҿ£ûǮԺһ㡣ҶСεĻظ
Żҹɫеڹ˹ƲûѡС
ڹǻʵۺͻĵطҪܣʹҲñգҶСС
ܹڹ磬ȫΪӮѩůǸͼҪл
ܿ͵ϼӮʱزҽ룬ϼɭϣһ޷ˡ
ҶСչʾ߻ģ˵һ͸˹
˵㽫¡
˵ҪԽ˹ϡ
л˽Ը˹˾ռߵ飬Ҳ죬ϸ˿˻ƺûзʲôȻͷҶСȥˡ
ҶС˷ܣˣһУҲܾˡǰҶСڡ
˹澲ףƹƣȻѾ˯ˡ
ܽӽŮ˵ˣ߻ʲôתɣҪʲô
ҶС˵ŵǰùһš
Ů⣬õ˴ߣ߻ӵ¸һʻһš
°ɡ˯ڴϣȻĲᡣ
һҪһ£ҲͺˡҶСȲ
ǹŮһۣ˼ֽ̫:һţߵµ⡣
⻨ζ֣Ҹо֣˵
Ů˵ô֣
ҾԼˣ˭͸ҵģ
߻ӡ Ů
ⲻ߻͸ģӵҶСæ
Ӯε˪𣿡СԣҸоԼöˣĺöˡ
ĺˣ⻨Ҳ̫ˡ Ůȵ͡
Ӯε˪ģʡ
ӻ˪أ֪ˣ͹ͺãܲԭҶС˵
ҿԭҾںң˵˵Ӵ´
ҶСߵǰ˾ͱɫ㣬ô⣿˰ץ˰

27

, ҶһеģҲϲӣҲϲ, ֻҵѡֻѣͨ, Ҫһ, ףءҶС˵úܼҲܿС
ʱѾлſ, ͻȻ˵ȥȥֶҶС˵, ûƭҡ
ôƭأҾһٻҲƭ㣬ǲƭ˵, ϲ, һһ, ҵĹϵǱСģܶ˼ܶ˶뺦, , ֪жֻ
ʫ, ӰٿĪ磬һҲԹʧж, ֲǲ֪, 㶼ôͻԶһ޳ͷ֮հҶС˵һ, û뵽˵ˮ
˵ᾧӨ͸Ҷôܼ
Ӧúͱ˵ԺӴһʱ䣬ȻӦ
ã̫ˡҪлл㡣
˵⣬ҶСˣȻ죬̫ԾˣҶСæ˵͹ϴȥش
ʱϼȻǳ¹ĹԱ˹󸽽Ϊ̫ͻȻˣ˵Щ
ҶСܵǰȻˣһӽζˣž紵߰㡣
ƻҲˣʼȼᡲǳ˹ƴ˴һƴ赲Ķ硣
⵱˸飬Ȼ׹һƬһȺɽ˹ȥ
ҶС֪²ãƴɱģȺҪϮ
СŮ뵲ڴǰѪض
ӳ!
ŵþУʱҳһţǺ֮Ҳ̶á
ۿźҪˣҶС˲ôˣȻ˴סˡ
ҶСΧһƬһᣬ䣬ȼҶС˹˴¡
ҹδ룬ϼȼһ룬ʹַ죬Ӯۺͻʺҹ˻
˹ûѾų˲˵Ҳûб顣ʱѱ˻ʺУҽæòɿ
ҶСͻûĹԱѺǵһɷ̲ܿͽץС
ҶӮ۴žǵ˰˱ùˣһҶﳼ֮Ů͵Ůһ֮˾ܽʳֵ÷Ʈҡ
һδɱһӻҪڲʹѣӮĹϵ
ֱŰٲɱӮۻôƿشӮ
챦Ӯ۽ϵķıյ˸飬һصƷϴ󳼣һѵĹŮ̫࣬
ϴ޵ּ⣬̲ҶԴ͵Ҫǿ๷ۿӮȥ޵ֱ졣
æϢŭūȥȥӾȥ
һᣬۻˣӮۿˣʲô˼ϵĶҹˣֻץһӳȥʲôʲôǲǲҪԴ
һΪѣ£ˡ
䣿Ӯ۹Ȼͣס˴侲վﴭŴ
һŽʨɫٷŮӽ˵ģʮ꣬ǳ֮ò
ߵǰҪʱӮ۽ǣӮ˭֪ΨһҪӮйˡ
ֽϷǡһݰףյŮӣƷۣһۿȥȲѷжϷ˵£˵ҪɱҶ
ǣҪɱҶӮҲֻϷӮѸ侲
ڻɱ
ϰǺ⣿ҪɱһŮ㶼
֪ҶŮϼһȴȫ¼ɱһŮƱɣ¹̬˭ԴһŮ֣֮һŮӮڹʧ˹ЩɥϷǿڳڳ˶
Ӯ۵ȻҲӰ˵ҶȷʵɱãӮǸŹƢ޷ɱɣȻ¹һ
£ŮСǴ󣬳˵¹Ѿʹǰӭ˹¹Ϊôż޷ս˹ذȫ֮أȻſɰȻ˱
˱Ӯϵһҵġ
£˿ǳ¹۰ŮӮҲ˵زϼ֮ôд󳼡ߣ¹ԴӮ̬һν¼أ
Ӯۿ֪汻Ļ˵Ǳ˵ã緲ԣзӡ
¸ʱ䣬һ˰¡˹г¹һ
Ӯ۳˼Ƭ˵ã޿Ըʱ䣬Ϊڡ
£췲ǲ鲻Խͷ­ȡ¡
ɱϰ䡣̲ȫϴ³˰
·ġ࣬˹ڰδ֮ǰһܷŻس¹
Ȼá
¸ˣϷ˹˳챦
ӮıӰȥοһصĴ󳼣һ෹Ͱ޹ȥȥ
ҶС̾ϣģ۷߽̾ϻʣ˵ؼӴʳ˵һϢ
ҶСһ¶һʼѶٻֻľĽѾӣҶСЦ˰죬ֱˣʹҶСᶼˡ
ʹ̷㵽˵˵ȥǵʲô
¼Ա߿ʼͷëʣ˰죬ֻдһѷֽ
ҶС˵˵Ҿҹ죡
죬ҹȥ죬̣
û뵽ʹ˵˵ϲ
¼ܸ±ʾͶסˣŮϲŮˣ֮񱣿
ϲ㵱Сأٲ˵ʵѶٶûˡ
ҶСоϥǶˣͷ󺹣Ҫ˵ʲôô֪Ҿ˹ʹǲҾ
ټӣС˺ѣ
ҪҶСʹ˵߻ӣҺ͹˵ϲҪҴ
Ϲأ»һŮ
ûѣ·еµĹơҶСҪˣ˵ȫû
ִӣʲôطҶСˣ˵λ磬ܲ㣬ұϾҲǸŮˡ
ףһ鹬ƣѶϸһƣ߻ӵģôܣһŮ߻ӵĹƣѶٲţ͵ģ͵߻ӵĶ
ѹƸҰɣԶһҶСЦã߻ӾȻˡ
Ӯѩ̲ƽһ̲Ա׷֮ʪѶҡ
һѶ١¼١ͨͨ¹Ѷ˵£ⷸ˿ɲˣ͵Ĺƣȥϼ񼫣¶͵ݻɱ˵
Ҹġ
ȫ±ơ

28

ҶСҲͻȻѵ״̬˹, Ȼǣ߻˵ٻݸ廹յˣͷ, кñ߻˲Ű
Ӯѩ˵˰, óԵĳ, Ҫ̡
̲һȫ, Ů߻ӵ˰̾ѵؾͳˣҶСĵ, ﻹվȣҶϾ̫
Ӯѩ˹ƣһ۾ˡ
Ѷٿм¼, ˵Ҷϼ⹬Ľ˹, Ȼ֪ôؾ͸ˡ
ֻд, дĲףд߻ӻӮǶɴñ
ʱգϷǴŴһϼķ֮, ˰, ȴûҵκο֮
Ȼһ˹, ˵ˣ·ȫ, ʱȫ, ҵ׹ƵĶ
ʲôϷǼʡ
档
棿ϷȻ𾪣еĳӣǷǳй, ȼŰ׹Ŀ꣬һĿ꣬Ŀͬھ
ʮֿµĳӣԭǳټҪ˵һҲҲ֤ء
ȼŰ׹⣬ɶ˻һ㣬ԼԷɥ󳼼䣬沢ǺӣԻȫȷǻ¡
֮治УɺҲΪ档
Ϸ˼ʣǻô֪˹ȷʵܹؼ
˵ϮܺߣͨҪҩӡڻ鲻ʲôҩӡ
ңڵҲҪҵҩӡϷһ£ڴׯڵһʼѻĵء
ⶼճ˻ңﻹҵõʲôҩӣһҩֻһ֥ĶأȻֻϷ㡣
ϷʣҶϻ˭ϼ
һ˵ȷʵûϼ̲࣬Ҷﲢûʲô٣ֻ͹졣
죿Ϸô˲ҪΣ̣ȥϷУ¾ӡ
˹סڻʺĹУҪ˭Ҳţڻʺ˵£ڴӦһϷǡ
ϷһҲʲ飬ֱӾ˵£ǰϵ㻹ǵ𣿡
ҲҲǵãҡ
˾һ֣˵ƽΨһѣСܵס
ʹʺͷȻмûй㿴ܵ˴ˡ
Ϸ˵һ룬Ҷʱȥǿʲô
ʲôǵã㲻Ҫҡ
ʺ΢Ц˵ϴˣֱӣҪǵһġ
Ϸǻ⣬ʺǽȥ˳˻ʺ󹬵ʴ󳼣һҪʳҶ͸˹ʲôȥ̲
ʱȻһ󳼼Ҵܹˣѯ˳¹УҶһ
һѵҩӣ
˵Ѿȥˣϼյó˻ңҲҲ
ش¡ڴ󳼲УϷǷ˶ҶѶΪʹҶҲһõκõϢ
ʸҧǾͨĻѲУӮʲô𣬻һʼֱɱˣⶨ
Ѿȥһ룬ٽʱ˷ҶϣҶ̲ȥɡ
Ϸ˵ڿʼѲʹͶÿһ䣬һκο֮ҡ϶ҶûôҲɺϣҲǱãⱳضи
ڹûôһͣھǵĳһ䣬뾡һа취
ӮĻֻ̻̣һǷǳģǾĻӮĽӮĽƵʱֳ˻ʹһҾ¥
һܵķ䣬ŵҲؽ;޴뵽ˡ
ӮĽǰһˡ
ǰ̩Ȼİİ΢Ц
ӮĽ£İ˼׻㿪ʼ˵£˱֮˳ᢣĽԸָ̡
ıĳİƳ١
ҲֻСıʹعҵϵλǴıӮĽǴ꣬µ˶ΪİعʦΪʱͽعһĻ˵λ
ǾıȻµҲ֪عҵֶηǳ̣Ҳá
ǱթֶײУ׷ȨУﱻΪ䱦ӮĽİ˴ӮȻŹᡣ
ӮĽ˵ҽȻϣΪı¡˵ʱ۷ž⣬ֻİӦˣܼȮһ㡣
£ĳѲΪκıˡ
ӮĽһȻʧ䣺ѵɽˣҳⲻ
£ıзǳֶΣ侲Ϊǻ۵ƶϣʵ£ֻ
ֻӮĽ𾪣Ӯ˸ʸ˵ûãûеڶˣΪ㹻ɫ
̫Ӻ̱ϣ߻ӱڶɧѵ⻹㹻ɫعҵ״Ҫõöࡣ
İѿģ΢΢һЦ²ʵ¼⣿
˵ɡӮĽˣȷʵ
˽㸸𣿡İ˵ţԼ˾ƣ
˽⸸ӮĽȻ˳˼Ҫ˵˽⣬Ȼ˽⸸ף˽𣿺治˽⡣
ãڶ⡣ĵ˭
ĵˣ̫Ӻǰȷʵĵˣ˭ĵˣѾûĵˣûеôıʲôӮĽоԼЩ֪ˡ
ô⡣ĺܳɫ𣿡
ӮĽ룬ܳɫǰܳɫˣôӮĽӦɫİɣڳ͢ѵ˭ΪɫһȻһЩ
ҵˣ»֪𰸣ذɡ
ȥӮĽ⻹ûŪҪʲôأͻȥˣı
ӮĽڻع룬ûд𰸣ҽϣܸһ𰸡
ǰѾ͵˵ˣҲΪıȻңȻҲҪ˵һ¿ҲԲ
콲ӮĽڴ֡
̫ӱ֮˭ǻкߵģ
Ȼҵ磬֮ƣһʱ֮˿ɱȣǵðǰڵ˵һ仰ǶޣˡӮĽֱ׵سһʵȻǿӣǼӵؿԼΪӱˡ
İһھƣ˵вŻ˵Ұ¾أΪʲô̶ʱñ³
ӮĽȻ˵ĽİȻûиԿĻᣬֱ˵ĸôеڶˣ
仰ӮĽһݣ·ˮࡣ
İ˵ӱ㡪ĻĻӣҰ£ûеڶ˲Ϊδӡ
Ȼ󣬵ӮĽֱŵŴѣѹ֣ѹ֡
㻹Ĵ𣬺ȺĸʻŹ𣿡Ȼأ
ӮĽڰϣҴˣҴˣı

29

İ˵Ϊı, ĳţ˵һµ飬ԸԸ, ȫ˼ǡ
콲
ϼһûв´Ͷ
Ͷ
ܿͲ, 㸸Ҳһἱ᰸, Ȼһ޹ءҪ, ĸʾãûԻλȤ, һԻλ޶õˡ
أ
ڣ̫ߣĸѾɵ, µĻ, ô, һᲽ̫Ӻӵĺ󳾡
Ӧô죿
ûҲã㸸ʻ֮Ȩ⣬㼱, ֻԻ١
Ի٣ʲô˼
ҪƵ, ߻, 㸸ʾãûá
Ƶ£ʲôǻƵ£
Ŀ¾һϼһ˽֮, 㸸һɱҶ, Ҫ߻
ңһµŮ, ⣿
ⲻ𣿡
ӮĽ˼ţéٿһ㣬Ц˵ԣȷʵʮֻơ֮ôأ
֮㻹ҪƵ飬ȻҪָ㡣Ǵˡ
лָ㣬ඥĽڴлַ
ҹӮ¥Ȼź¡رը䣬·һһƬɫУһʱ޺죬Ӯ¥ǡͿˣ˲ơ
ٱѸٽӮ¥ΧˮйͨϷǾվ׿⣬һ¥¥ָ׽ܿʿץ˼ʮˡ
ʿ¥㱨ˣץﷸʮˣҩǻ|ҩͰӮ¥﷢˱ը
ϷЩɣͰ
ϼ֮ƵϢһԴɱҳԱĺڰ֯αһ򾡡
峿糯ӮѾ಻סϲãϷǼݣʱ챦վ󳼡
ϷŽʨۣӢȫһŮɡ
ӮܵӭӣסϷǵ֣ǣǰڼޣϰȻûиޣ첻˰ҹ׽ˡ
ϷǵЦһ˿ϸϸΣС˵£ȴһ档
£
ȻץҲϮϼ֮£ǳ»һ˿ǡ
кǣ
ϼӮ¥ֶοȫһӮ¥ҩǻ|ҩͰ˵Щ׺ʲô棬һֻ˵ǻ|ҩͰ
ϰ䣬˴󹦣ЩͽײгԣֶζҿǡӮ˵գֶԴ˵飬Ͽ콫Ϣ͸¹⣬ѡõʹߣѰͷȥ
ּ
Ӯ˵ϲףϷɱй·ԸϣӮûһС£̲!
̲ƽй:£
ϲ֮ʱҶնˣ
ǣ¡ƽּ
߻Ӯѩһ˵һ仰ϴ֮ڣһ˺Ȼ嵽ǰ£ɤӣʣҶɱ
˭˭һȻĻӡ
Ӯ۱һܾʣĽôˣ
ӮĽ˵ʣҶɱ
ΪʲôɱӮûзŭһĲ⡢ɻ±ƣӮۣϷڵ˶ֱ顣
ӮĽ޵ʣΪҰ
㰮Ӯ۲ûιȥӱվץĶʶӣþòʣĽʲôʱ
ѣʫᣬһժñҾͰÿն󸸻ʽ!
Ӯֿ˿󳼣ȷⲻΣɫĽôڲʶˣҼɣֿϷʣ˵Ҽɣ
Ϸǲԣ΢Цع
Ӯʴ󳼣˵˵Ҽɡ
Ļӷˣ˵뷨ڴӮûһĻˡ
ӮһץӮĽ±˵߲߳ܣӮ˵ϲһŮӣ޵ˡ
ӮĽӮһڵϣŭ˵ӮĽΣҪƫ㣡ΰɣȥ
ʣǾͻҰɣ
Ӯ̧ͷһ˭߻ӣӮѩӮ۲ûȥʲôЩʲô⡣
Ϸ˵£ҿֻϣҶҪôһ
Ӯ۲⣺ǣҲ飿
£ϼһﷸѾҶȻʲôˣ˵ҶϾ˹ҲˡͷӦһ
Ӯƺһ̨һ㣬˵ã˳ɣ˳ǶǴˣ˦ȥ
Ӯ챦أȡϲ磬񣺡ūţ˵Ⱳɱ˭ɱ˭ΪʲôɱһҶ
ҲشٺٵЦ
ӮһۣЦʲôЦޣ
ǣ£ҲҶô
Ӯ۵ŴӣҲǲǲҪԴ
Ϣŭūŵ˼ǣ㷸źһŮһ֮ʲôʲôҲǡ
ǰʲôҲǣΪʲô޾ɱءӮۻ˼⡣
ͨʮ˲һͨ׵ĵʮʯףӮ۲˺ڰĵص׼ûг⣬ûʵĿ
мˮأȻЩˣֵζϷһ޴ϡļˡ
Ƴһһݲݵͷ̧ͷǻƵÿµֲ䣬ǸŮˡ
ӮվڳرߣһͷҰޡ
ˣŮú˻Ƶ˵
ǰһ붼ûˣû뵽㻹šӮ۾ںһ˵
һϼ顣
ӮûκξȣϼĺĽ
ΪʲôҪ
ӮĿ㻹Բģ֪ʱɱ㡣
֣㴦á
ӮŭӮģ㲻Ҫٺװɵ㶣ڵµڶ֯ģȴƿء㵽ҪӮôʮǰˣѵ㻹Ը֣
ɱ˳¹޲ܣ¹˱ַӮ𣬶ʲôôҲĹңﳤ㲻Ӯƽƽ
ӮĵŮվһ̣Ȼˣһ׹һĻˣǸŮһӱ仯ˡ
ٿһ߽ѩ׵ѣ˿ƽˮ·ŮòҲʮꡣ
Ϭ˪ӮӡҪסһ飬ȻʣӦĸףôһУ
˲ּʱӣáӮЦ˵ģҲɱ㣬ȻҲǵĸһȻûĵɱңӮôҲ飡
ӮҲ䣬ûʸͳδӮλĸҵģѻ˻ҡӮĵܼҲܳء
Ӯ΢΢һЦû˵ûĸʵλ㣬Ѿʮǰ飬Ӧ÷¡ˣľӪʲôӵµڶĻģ㻹ǵ˯յĵ
Ҳ㣬ֻأĶ񣬳ҪġʧȥĶҲһҪûӮĵ˽ڻֱ֮ǰģȥһŮĽ˰Ĳɣ

30

˵ֵ֮ҶС, ڴ䳱ʪη»ص߻ӵѩŵ
ռϴˢ룬ҹ˯ů, ÿӮѩͬͬס
ֻӮѩԴҶСסů󣬾ͺϻ˯, ʱ, Ҳֻ˯
Ӯѩиص, һ첻˵Ҳ˵ʱһ, ҶСͺůһ
γ˺ֵҶѩŵ͵ȵŮػø, ȴѩŵó, ʹӮεҲûִ
ҶСóͱ, ÿ椣˵ֽ㣬Բԣ
ȻС鳤ںԺҲ, ҶͱȻ˿ˮ
Ҫ֪ѩŵõĳ, һھԵڶ, ҶСÿոͱһ, ˾ͳ˺ѡ
ϼһѾ, ˳¹ʹߴ˹عû뵽ҹһ
ҶСͱ椣˵ʹ, ʵ˭Ļ
椵ͻŰ˵ȻǴϴˡ
ϴΪʲôô
˵ֻǴ˵ʱһϴ˾
ҶСЩ˵ϴǷ֮ˡ
԰ϴûгɻ飬ϸ˵ӣҲ˵빬٣ؼ𡣡
һֵˣҶ˼ţѳ˱վ˸˵㣬ȥǵ㷹
ȻûԱ椾޴Ӱ뿪ҶСƺһµļƻ
ҹصůŮʢͣҶСʣ²Է𣿡
¾档Ůش
һ˳Է𣿡Ӯѩůſڣһ½ҶСŪúΣŮ˳ȥ
ҶСӮѩһ̧ڼﲻ񡣡
ҶСӵݸӮѩӹӣԹԳ
ÿγԷҶСòȻ⵹ΪӮѩǸˣϾǰҲҲΪǻӣԭܼ򵥣˲˵
Է˵ҶС˵ǳԵһζҲûС
ӮѩҲȾơ
˵һ㣬Ϸһ˴һ𣬵ûｻ
ҶСϲܻ˵仰ʱӮѩشʱӮѩһ仰Ҳ˵͵һ㡣
˵Ŀһεʱ򣬵ÿΣӮѩջؿӡ
ҶСҲ⣬Ϊǵ⣺£˵ʹʲôĵط
֮ǣǾΪʹкĵطһŮ˵ҲһŮ˵Ҳûлȥ
Ӯѩûпȥ棿
Ҿʡ
Գȥ档
ҶСΪԼˣеߵӶûгԣǳȥҪư˵ѩŵȥ߶Զ
ӮѩƵݸ
ҶСȫû뵽߻ɵǼɵһʱﲻ֪ӻǲӡ
ҲòšӮѩ˵
ҶССؽӹȻֱ֣õ˿
ȥϼǵûԷӮѩ˵
ͺһҶСһ޷ݵı飬·ȫֻŵһ
ϣӮѩѵסϣƸ˺̺ӡ
ҶС˯һᣬӣԶԶȥϵ̺ӵС£Ȼ˰ʱһӮѩˣҪ˯Ĵ󴲡
˹ȥص̺ӱ
û뵽ӮѩƵ۾ҶСһʱ֪ԴϾʱûдô࣬ҶСæ˵£鷳˯Ҫۣ
Ӯѩ߸ǿһдûз
ôѪҶС̺Ӵ򿪣ԴҲһˣ㿴ʲôÿġ
»ȥ˯һ͵ʵۣӿӮѩûϣûߣǿ̺Ȼͷϡ
⵽ʲô˰ҶС߼Ҫ
ڱﴩ·´߹ȥʣѾˡ
ޣ˵һǳʲô°ɡҶСæ̺ӣӮѩ˯أǹߺȻˣһֱֻ۵ס۾
ҶС߿Ӯѩૣ
ҶС۾Ӯѩ˵μˡ
ҶС֪˵ʲôӮѩ˵ֻһƬһﵴǧ
Ȼء
ˡ
ˣҶСһվ
ڶ磬ҶؽһĻǰˣҺʱҲù˳ѩŵһ۵ĸۡ⡣
ſڵ˰ʱһͣһǴϷǡ
ϷǿһŮſڵʯϣŮͷңҲ֪ǱˮǺ͸ˣܾȣ˭
ҶСоѣæ񣺡ˣҶ
ҶϷ´û뵽ŮˣȻӮֿȵĻŪתҡ
ˡ
ϷǺ˼Ƭ˵ɡ
ϸҶСȻһһ㣬˵صһûķá
Ϸ˵㻻һ·ɡ
ʱһеСǰҶСһʱ֪룺ʵ˵仰ߡ
Ϸ˵һ¡ֻϷǽݣҲ֪ȥʲô
һᣬϷǳˣԭһ·ȴǰ׺·ڳΪ٣Ҳͷ
Ϸ÷𳾣˵ڼϰߴٷžҶʩʲô˵ɣһװף׽ࡣ
ҶСҲֱӿڣˣ˹ǲǻڹʵϴμҶ֪ˡ
Ҷʩ֮⣬ɳҾ
ҶСһ£ֻ˵ʦϲӣ׿ڸҵġ
ΪʲôҪң
Ӳǻ𡣡
ϣҾӣ
ҶСæ˵ϴܲܰæ
ɣⲻǳãҲǴ䣬㲻񡣡
ҶСվ˵ʦʵӺһҲûйϵҪϴﳼ֮ŮݣҲڱһΪӮİһ飬ⲻǴӮʧҲǱµʧ
ҶʩĻҶˣȻȥɡ
⵽ǴӦǲӦأϷֵˡ֪Ϸ˵һ䣺ű»жϡ
ҶСֻػȥˡ
û뵽¹ȻģʹǰӭعӮ۷ǳͷۣһĳ¹ӭع󣬻ϼһ¡
߻Ӯѩˣȥô¹Ľɿ̸⽫Ӯǳ
һʥּѩŵůӮѩؽּ˵£ôˣˣǱµĿͺܼū˵
˵˹ѩޥģӮѩһҪģҪ㣬ÿʺĹ˹˵ʱĻ֮¹޵Ҫ޾ͽϳȥˣ£ū˵ˡ
Ӯѩּʣ£ױµ˼
ס
ãū͸ȥˡ

31

ߺ, ӮѩɻϣĿ
ҶСҲû뵽»һ֣Ӯѩ, ӾԶ˪ˡ
ȷʵܲˣֲúӮѩ˵, Ͼⶼ˼ҵļ¡
û뵽, Ӯѩ, ˵ҺһΣ
ҶСͲģ˵, ˭һһһŮôˡ
ӮѩҶСĲã˵㲻Һһ𣿡
Ϊʲô, , , ͹һһᾡȥ
û뵽Ӯѩ, ҶСǰ, ҶСȻоһѹ
ҶСһֱиֵĸо, Դ߻ӣҶ, ҶС, оһεѹ
ѹô֡
Ӯѩ˵ҿ϶Ͼ˵, ǣһ¡
ҶСһӱסӮѩվǰ˵ôƤĻеر죬ȻǰҲֵܴ֣Ǵûĸ˺Ц
ҶСһӦӮѩˣ£ʲôأҶʲôˡ
㲻Ը⣿
ҶС˵ʲôԸԸ⣬޿ɾҩ£Ȼ߻ӣҲܶΪΪҾҪߣҪɱңҲͷ
ãҲӮε˪𣿡
ҶСٴ𾪣֪ӮѩɵǼɵʣô֪
һ£͸ˣҲϲ
ҶСһΣ£ҪЮҡ֪ҾΪҵѣϣһΪ֪ϲӣճɾûб˼
Ҳûб˼ײңͿˡӮѩٴλصϣ۾
쵰ҶСȥֳ֮ΣҲó
ϣرᣬҪڴҡ߳ȥԺӮѩ֪Ϊȥ鰡
˺þãҶСȰԼΪܹػɣһҪҲͲҪɡ
ѵҲֲӵǰ;ƽ˵ֵܽأôת۾Ͳˡ
˽һο㣬󻵵㣬ȥɡ
ߵӮѩԣԼҶС㲻ģһѵ
ۣͷȥҪһһ㣬Ӯѩա
Ͼջû뵽һֺֻȻǯסĲӣ˲һʪ촽ҶС촽
ҶСҪϢˣʪͷ
ҶСƴȫҶ尡
ҪŴַſһҪϢԼˡ
ñըӮѩ̫ˣ֪ʲôΪ㣬̫޳ˡ˵ƴӲ͡
Ӯѩ۾гһߣǶ̵ϣͷ촽ܱһȦ㣡
ֱɥĲΪǴ쵰ûоͬ⣬͡å㰡
ǳӣӮѩվůȥ
ҶСҪˣĳǣͱ˼Ұռˣ߶Ҷֻǽϵһ˵ϡ
һԺӮ챦﷢ɧūţ˵ǲǱ޽ȥ˺ã֪ȥأ
Цݣһر֪ı飺£˵
ܹȥ˵ϲҶǿġ
ߵǿֱĿ죡
ʲôֱĿ죬֪ʲôӦվɣֲϲ㣬ƾʲôǿģǲҪˡ
£Ů鰡ҪǹܶˣҲˣʵǵӱȽϺá
Ӯۺû˵˵ڰҶŪ
Ц
ӮټϷǣϷǼݣʣ£гº£
Ӯ˵ǣޱ˳ɾ£޽¹ʹ߶ˣҪ˲ȥǻ֪ô
ϷǷϼһҲŰ£˵¹ɣսͣս˼ǴӮ˳¹Աˣֿ
أ
;ԾάӮĹϵĿǰ¹ں͡
Ӯ˵Ҳͺˣֻ¹ȥԺսɵ󡣡
Ҳǳµĵģڹ벻ѾΪϵĽ㡣
ӮۿϷ˵ǣ뷨ʲô˵
ϷǺ׼£Ҫµ˼ұʵʵ˵Ӧ֪ϲ˭˻س¹δʽǳ˵Ҫ޸ϲˣˣб£дӮǽԴϲ顣
ӮȻˣ˵Ӯε˪ܣ޾
£Ψһĳ·ˣӦϻָӵǣãó¹ã˼޵ӮõĻӡ
㡭Ӯϣǣ㲻ҪȰޣǲıġ
Ϸǹ˵£ǹӮ飬һҪӴֿǡ˵Ӯε˪ҲĶӣӺòҲԸ
ӮƺһЩ˵ǣȻȥɣ޿ǿǡ
Ϸ˳챦
Ӯ˼ãֿ˿񣺡ūţ˵Ǻãǵ˼޶ѵӮε˪ͷ
Ҳ֪λشʱðغ
˪ĴŴˣٸ˿ʼɨٸѾ߿ʼʰӣܿ
ſͷɢǮ̲Ĵ˳Ψһǿص˪ݼӡ
Ӯε˪˲ɰٵҽش
˪ָ˺ܿˣڹŮǵӵůӮε˪ڿԣ
æסӮε˪ˡ
ôˡ
㲻֪㸸ҹˣϣǳɻ顣
ɻ飿Ӯε˪ţȻҲòţǳɻ飬߳˪
㣬ǲﻹʲô
˵۾Ųκʵıʯ񣬲˷񶨵˵:ε˪еġ
ˣҶҽˣ˵ѣҪǱݣҲֳģҲƽϵģֻҪúõľС
Ӯε˪ƴؿԣȻ³һѪˡ
һҽ
Ӯε˪ٴ˾ſڴ˯ˣӣ˿ɢ΢㣬ͷƫһߣȻһᡣ
Ȼ¹ǿҪ˹ص¹Ժ£˾ǲȫ˹壬ҪӮ顣
Ĵûа̣߹ʱʲô£Ƶش˻¡Ӯ¾ٹ죬ӴϢҲҰ
Ȣ˳¹ӳӮֿȵĻӣҲ֮ͣҲǳض͡
Ӯε˪ڵϺ˲پƣ죬ĸӮһ̬ؿǵһοʲôʱһ۽ǻһᡣ
ҹǧϲƵӳ£Ӯε˪ص˪ů
Ѳԭůȫ첼ϲʵȵױ˻ĺ󣬴ʱ˾ڴϣһϼͷҲϲϲ졣
ǡӮε˪ǲţ˹
˰๫ҿҵĸͷɡ˵ǧһ㡣
ҿͷ̧ͷ๫𣿡
ˣû뵽Ӯε˪н죬̫ˡ˵Ӯε˪Ϳˣû뵽ԼܴӰյĵظҲû뵽ȢӮ˽ĳ¹ԺĪ˵ӣǸҲҪһЩӡ
ô˰æ¡
ΪˣҴû˹ˣǵǶʱһΪӮε˪ⱲӾˣ㣬ҴѾһˡллңһᱨ㡣Ӯε˪м
ԷθĸмŮ˱ټĳ¹ԺӮε˪Ĵɽ˵һ仰һ¶֮ء
ǣӮε˪֣˵ЦˣĻ˱˼˫ԲӮε˪ǲˣո˵ʲô˵һ顣
Ӯε˪ֲƽʱЦ绨Ĺôɫ仯֮죬ͣ û˵ʲôʲôˣ
һһ䣺ǲңǲң

32

Ӯε˪Ҳû뵽Լĸм˵Ĳ¼, æ˵ˣ룬ûǸ˼
ղʲô˼˵Ҿ㣿Ϊ㱻ҳɻ飿ǲúõ, ͸ҳɻ顣˵ţۿӯᡣ
Ӯε˪һĭ, ôô, ұ㲻Ӧ, ҺɻҲеģ
ˮ˵ƭңǸƭӡ˵žͽ, ֽˣֽϲʳˣʼκһϲĵطƻ
Ӯε˪û뵽˵ıô, ûа취, ֻøں˵, մ飬Ӧø߸˲ǣʲô
˴˵ʲôԼ, Ӯε˪, ϲ, ϲ˵, ǲң
, ǣҵ˾㣬Ⱳ, ҵˡ
˿˵Ϊ˵µĻܺŪҡˣҶ㣬Ǻƭҡ
Ӯε˪޿̣㲻ҪôԣǵĴӣǵĹϵ˵ʲôӣԺô㣬ôԸʡ
췢ģӮε˪Ⱳֻϲһˡ˵һò˼ҲûС
ãֻҪˣҷʲôĶԣӮε˪ģӮε˪һ˿꣬Ӯε˪Ǵ֮ءӮε˪ָġ
˴һסӮε˪˵֪жôں㣬ûģҪ㣬ͻؼˣҸ˵ⱲҪҺãҾɱ㡣
ããɱҡ
ѩŵſڣӮε˪ӽһȺӺ̫ӵӮε˪˵Ǵ
ѩŵһӣͷ£ȥͨߵ¡
ͨˣҪҶȥ
Ҷһ㶣˰ǸŮæȥԺ
ҶСں椳ͱӮε˪˵ȥ
ŵòֻӴܣҶСһӮε˪Ц˵£ôˣ񲻺á
ϸûԺû˯õԭ࣬ǹ˵иУ⹬Ψһֵεˡ
Ӯε˪ߵǰһֻסܴһʱʹͱȥ
ҶСʹ˵£ʲôſҡ
Ӯε˪ſ֣û
ҶС滺Թ˵ÿζһһҶŪˡʲô𡣡
Ӯε˪Ӳǣȷʵ£㣬ǲȥϼ͹˵ҵ
˵Ǽ£ȷʵҹ
ǻǣӮε˪Ȼء
ǣô˵
ǲȥʹ˵ңҪ͹ɻ顣
ҶСû뵽Ӯε˪ô֪ͨҲû壬ֻ˵ǣҲô˵
Ӯε˪ڷŭˣΪʲôôϲ£Ϊ˭һ˫۾Ҫۻ
ҡ
Ҷ̫ʧ!
ҶСһͷˮ£ûɣҾ㣬˵ʧ˵˪Բȣ˵ǮˣҺѹ
Ӯε˪˵:ҲҪѹãҵΪű𷣣ΪҲűҪңһôӮӣҪ㱨ΪǱǲ֪ν
ҶСͼ侲£ǧ򲻶ԣҲϴܱܲ˵Щܲ˵ڣ룬ܶ飬͹ɻ顭
Ӯε˪һҶҪṫ㲻䣡
ҶСû뵽ӱӣҲû뵽ԼΪһǧεݲˡ
ҶСƴס˵£ȷʵ䣬һСŮ㽫޿£Ҫˡ
Ӯε˪ûлӦ۾ˣվţһʯ񡣺ȻҶСļססȻ
ҶСƴ:ˣˣӮε˪ſңſҡ
Ӯε˪һͷҰޣҧĥ
硭һԽһдơ
Ӯε˪ſ֣ûת
ҶС˺üҪӮѩˣ벻Ӯε˪ʲô¡
ӮѩԺӣĵ˵ô⣿
ѩҶҪߣ
Բ𣬽ʧˡ Ӯѩ˵
ôҴһŮ
˵ɲһŮӮѩ
ʲô˼ 
ˣҲ绹𡣡Ӯѩ˵
ⶼʲôԻҶСײǽˣһʲô˰뿪뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ӯε˪ɫˣתӮѩû뵽㲻򵥡
Ӯѩ˵: ллޡ
Ӯε˪˦ԺȥӮѩʱ򣬺رɫһ㣬رɽѡ
Ӯε˪ߺӮѩҶС˵ɻˣһȥɡ
£ҲȥˣԺҶȥˣԺס㲻Ҫҡ
ãӮѩִ˵ܼңҵĴԺ˯⡣
ܼҴС̫Ժ˹£Ͼȥ졣
ӮѩҶСסʲôǲҪƷҲУҪˡһȥڲȥҪɻ
áӮѩ˳ȥһɡͷ
Ӯ챦ӣžžܽһˣ̫ں׷ûͨأ
ûоͨʹ챦ӮʷϵĵһƼ¼ߡ
˵ǰӮϷΨһӮˣΪӮڵˣȫǿ¡
ùɡӮ̫ȥֶ˵ˣôޣʲô𣿡Ӯܶģο˱ֵôԡ
˾죬˸񣬽һӽӮ۴һˣֱûãԣǡûá֣Ҳ˵Եɡ
Ӯ˵ⲻǺ𡣡
˵ʣûк֣򸸻ʾټˣĸڵǿ
Ӯ翴Ӯε˪ĵϵҪΪķıַܷС
ǰǳ¹¹ȣӮֻǻСڹӮҲϷ
Ӯ˵ˣɵӣҲӮĳӦѭҷȣԱⶼ飬Ӳ飬ɵϲƲ֪ʲôʱܳԡ
֪˸Ӯ۵ĻʣҪӦĻҾ͸Ҹʣó¹
ӮۺΣ˵ʲôҵֵ𣿡
ҲܣʴӦңҲܡȴ

33

ӮҲû뵽˿ȥ, ʵȴǽݵĲУҪԼŮͶˡ
¹Ӯϱ, Ǽֵûϲ飬Ӯȴͷ, ΪסӮ, ¹ӮʩѹӴˡ
Ҳ˵¹εҪ, ҲͰˣӮھȻһ¹, רŷˣһӮ޷̵ġ
Ӯѹɤ˵ˣȻȥ, Իῼǡ
񲻸, ˾ͲԸߡ
ܴ, æȥ˳Զ裺˵һǵġ»Ҫأū͹ȥɡ˲ˡ
һһ, ܳ, С˵, ϴҲǰ취
ǾͲɡ
Ͼǳ¹ٵӡ
˵Щٰ, ҿǳʳ, ÿ͸ʲôҪʲôӰҪʲôİ谡ôæ, ܵЩëƤС¡Ӯ˵Լίڿ¹ϵӻϾӡ
Ӽ˼
ˣ㿴ɣҪҪʲô
ӣϸĶɫб仯󣺡£ǳ¹񲿵Ľ飬˵¹ϣӮͳ첿šʡƼһְ
Ӯһ𣬳¹վҪӮȨˣӮӮֱӹϽģҪǿһ
ĻӮ۵ĻȨͱϡˡ²ŻӮε˪ƹܣ͵˵ԺҪѯ֮£ҪӮε˪Ӯ˵ɾĻ롣
Ӯ۴ŭϵȫƵ˵ϣúڴ
֪һڵһһݵؼ
Ӯÿв֮£뵽ϷǣҲ⡣Ϸ챦ʣ¼ٳӦҪ£
ӮۻͷϣǣѾ޿ˣ֪ССҲˣ¹ȻҪʡ
ѾӸϷǣϷǿգҲó¹ʵ̫˵ǵȷ´ô
ô˺Ƥһ̡
ϷǵȻӮʵͳ¹Ǳ䣬Ӯһֱڳ¹߹֮У΢ûг¹ĳұض
һĿŹ˼˻ǣɶġ
ӮƤڲ˵ϢŭϴҲкüƲأһ߰ӮһڴϷǡ
ϷʲôüƲߣһ㣬Ϊʲô֮ǰ¹ûôֵҪǲΪ𣬲ܳ¹ʲôĿģеĳ㶼Ϊ˹
Ӯε˪ǹķûκʵȨ¹ǲǾĻӻ¹Ůأϣµû
Ϸ˵£ΪҲ¹ֻΪһЩ飬ȻЩҪܹ֣˱Ͼǳ¹۰ŮӴҲһ£֮ʱ¹һЩҪҲ֮顣
ǵ˼޴Ӧüˡ
£µ˼ǣ㡣
Ӯ۲⣺ʲôо㣿
¹Ҫʡλ̫ˣϵĿǰδܹʤΡǳµһӡ
Ӯ۾һʲôӣ
¡̲Ժ˾֮ǰҲֳһЩĬЦһ˾ͳ¡̲ԺԺɲ١Ϸ˵÷ǳӮҲм
Ϸ˵˾һְһ顣Ļ¹Ҳʡ顣
ʡƿعʵȨĴ٣˾ҪСܶ࣬ʡ漰ȫԱ롢ࡢհȵȵȵȣ˾ȨɴСֻҪӮۼԿƣֲʲôӡ
˾棬ϷһҲţϷǲصɣӮ˵뷨ǲɣλ㵱϶õġ
²ҡ
ҲͰˣԺҪɣҲֱӺͨ
Ϸߵף
˾ˤ쳹ڵ
ӮĽҧгݣ
һ·̫תۣϴϼһӮ򸸻ҪҶʱٶҲӮۺʹĻӡ
û뵽ǣ˹Ȼӳɻˡ
лõģΪϼһİҪʲôƵ£Ըû뵽ȥȡ˹⣬Ҳˣһİ
İ!ӮĽһȭͷϡ
Ȣ˹ʱ˿̣Ƕô簡ʸҲӾηһ仰Ҫʲôʲô
ұһˣ˰ֱǱλ֤ͨһжΪӰ
ˣᣬصؿ
Ľվһ࣬æ˵£ôȻôģ
һĽȣӮĽˣֱ˵һֺͷ磬͵һƣûõĶ
Ľȵڵϣû뵽ӮĽ̬ȼתֱ£ʱίѣȦҲˣ£Ľˡ
ˣȫˡӮĽҧᡣ
Ľ뼫ȡʲô£ڻû䣬ĽȻкܶı
ıƨǰ׳ա
Ľȹʹ󣺡²ҪӣĽԸΪ¸һ԰ɡӮĽ𣬼˵Ȼ죬ֻҪǻʵۣ¾ͻлᡣϻ۹ˣϴʫϲͽӳ׻𡣡
㲻ҪǼ£
ĽȺȫӮĽ˵ҪٴλӣǵÿҶ
Ҷ֣ӮĽĶ䶯һ¡
Ľȫ˵ֻҪӻҶ˻ưոӺ˷Ŀɳ𡭡
û˵꣬ӮĽȻתĽȣոյõһһ㣬һѽ鲻ѣҽȫ˺ҽ
Ӯε˪ӵʥּõ˾ĻҪְλǰΪһ񲿿ľӪǱ˰㣬񲿶ˡ
ڵ񲿶˵νֵһᣬ˾¡̲Ժȫƹܣ֪ǸʿۻأǸ˵زС
ܹ˵ϣǺúףһ
һһ£ȷʵǺܺãǰȴֵöûпҲװΣȻͷˣʶ̬ȵתȫͷˣЦ˵ˣãҪȸ
˸˵˵ҸֲˣҪ
ˣˣô
һҪչ֡
ڷʢĲȶ˵ˣڼʮ̲˵УӮε˪һ۾ͿǹĽһ仰ݣǿȸֻҰ
ε˪㳢ҵաڴ
Ӯε˪ųһڣޣֱ˼伲ֲ࣬³ֻӲͷƤȥ΢Ц˵պܲ
ףε˪ô֪ġ˴۾
Ӯε˪ȷʵһ£Ȼûһ£ֻ˵رɡ
رˣ
㿴ʽ⣬ǹգֻн֦Ҷ˼ζһˣϾӮε˪ĺܺá
û뵽Ҳһڣæˣƴڣڴ㲻ƭҵİɣ⣬ҵҡ˵žͶվ
Ӯε˪һס֣ˣϲԣߡ
ƺʲô˵¶ݣûпˣ๫ҵӣΪһҶĸԸ
ˣҲԷɡ
๫һҪȥǣһȡ˵
Ӯε˪˴ͷŹཽˮĿӵȥЦʧ
һ๫ôˡ
ղ˵ʲô˾ְλȡģӮε˪˵
ֹǰȥ˵ġ
ΪʲôҪôӮε˪վҲζˣһĲӶ졣

34

ⲻ, ⲻ𣿡˷ʡ
ԣУʲôֱ˹, ҪȥϢˡ԰ɡӮε˪תߡ
˴Ӻ汧ס๫ôˣôôĻ𡣡
Ӯε˪ǿ, ȥ
Ӯε˪ȥ, Ҫ, ͱ˿ź
ķӦģϾ붬ˣӮε˪ϾȻ̵ġ
Ӯε˪ںҹһֱǰ, ãһҪмô, һµõʵΡ
žȻǳ߻ӮѩĹȥ, ںҹԼԼһ, ñ̬̫ˡ
ҶӮε˪һǸȻͣסˣҲû̧ͷ
Ӯε˪˷ܲ, ȥ, ƿñ, 
ҶСĺӿҲ, Ӯε˪ȴǰˡ
ڸӮε˪ʡ
ҶСЦ˵, ɢأ
ɢӮε˪Цȫµ˶ɵأ, ˵ǲ͵͵ӣ֪𣿡
£ô˵أɢ߻ˣҾߣҲ֪вסһƨɾۣ۰ۣ춼һˣͷˡҶСװģġ
Ӯε˪ϲĲУ֪Ϊʲôôϲϲ˵˵Ϊʲôأ⵽ΪʲôȻΪһ㣬ʲôʱ˵ʵ֪ҿϰؽ̲˵͵͵
һ紵Ӯε˪ϡ
ҶСͷҲ֪ôӦȻôĴָ˲Ǽ⣬ϲĽأЧҲ˵̧ͷЦ˵ϲ£˵ոˣĺΪ㿪ģĵ϶˯š
û뵽˵仰Ӯε˪ɫˣһдŭֵҶʲôݣҺƤЦ
벻ϲˣҶС̾˿ֻܰʵ£鷳ˣܲܰұܣ֪˽ԳпԣҺͩԼ˼棬˳Ҹ㹬óԵġ㿴ҶСȷʵһС
ҶСֲ䣺ûгǾԼڹſڼ棬Ҿͻ
Ӯε˪Ҳˣƽ˵ҿΪ㱣ܡ
лл¡ҶСЦŻӦ˰֣ˣ¡
ֱ߳סˣӮε˪סҶСЩţڵӮε˪ǰһˣӮε˪֪ʲô
Ӯε˪˵ѩŵúӮѩû۸㡣
ҶС֣ܲȻٺЦһõúص£㲻õңߵҲҺܺãģţ
Ӯε˪һ󣬺һǲǺϲסǣͲüҡ
ˣڵӮε˪ǰͬҶС˵ôᰡ£ҰͲ㣬Ҫ͹һһÿͷȥ
֪仰û˵꣬Ӯε˪Ȼһ˰ٰʮȣסһҶСԨ
ϴβһӮε˪û綤һؿ۾ܸӣûϲûзŭƽ־ƽ
ҶСأͷţܲò˵˾仰£֣Ҫˡ
˾ͺˡӮε˪ӹįɱ
ҵסϢ־̫ˣˮ鶼ˡ
еȥžһ
ڷˣҶСŴƴƴؿڡ
˵ͩȫˡӮε˪ÿζǲҪ
߰ɣӮε˪ôһ仰
ҶС̧ͷ֪Һһ٣һʼʶ㣬Ҿ㣬ңңȻˣ£Ժߣȡ۾Ʋңɾ˵գʰУˡ
Ӯε˪վȻϮһ
ڹſںͩ棬ҶСŸӵˣȻӮѩĹڹܣÿκͩ涼ʹ࣬ΪͩһͿޣǾͱһܱʱ
ʱͩſڣʱֵܣ³΢˵³΢Ƿͷ
ҶСһϲѶ³΢ܶؤˣٶˣ˵Ҫȥһ
ٶˣôԷҶСϽеһЩθ٣˵߻ӵһʹͣƤˣϣֵǳԴá
Ҳûа취ϾٶſڣһСҲʲô׬Ǯ£ͽˡ
ҶСÿλȥٸнһӵԸֻǸҶĸƽӭص۶
иԸǸֵǣЩСʱһԲ𷹵ĺǣзԣ´
ֻҪ˸ʹͣƤ¡
صѩŵůû뵽Ӯѩˣ˵һȥסġ
ӮѩϣĿԶ顣
ҶС³Զᣬǳ˵û˯ӮѩûۣǶ𣿡
ҶСһ
ǲǺǳԲ𷹡Ӯѩ䲻һ䡣
ҶСȻ֪˵ʲô治ΪʲôÿԼС飬˶ȫ֪
ѵ͸ģѵǸɵӣѵʹûܡ
ҶС˵£Ȼ㶼֪ˣҾͲˣ֪ǰǸؤ
ÿãһ͵Եġô˲ĻӮѩȻ˵ô䵭
仰ҶСĵЦնղסݡǿѹԼôаﲻҪӡ
ãǾ͵û˵
쵰ҶСҧڣ̽һ䣺Ǹ㣬ٰ
ÿһ
ҵ죬ⶼʲôɰҶС˵£̫ˣ̫ˡ
ٰѹõĳӶȥ
̫ˣʮҶ𡣡
Ӯѩɵ˵ʮӻҰɣƳˣһǮҶ
£͸ͷɡ 
ͷͲҪˣ˯һ𡣡Ӯѩ˵ôȻ
ҶСȥˣӲĻֱӣӮѩ¶˺βͣӵһ˵˯ǮôΪΪ
ǮΪΪãӮѩƺ˼Ȼ˵һ仰
£Ůۻݡݣҹͷˣһ˯õġ
ҸǮȴԸ⣿Ӯѩ΢΢ͷ
㣬һֲģҺôҲеɡ
Ǿٴʮõĳӣ
ô˵ˣ
ʮóӼʮҽ
Ǯ⡣
Ӯѩˣ˹һǣһ䣺ûѬ𣿡Ȼؾͽ
ҶСؽһӮѩҲǺǵģҪ
صؽӵ˴ϡ

35

Ӯѩ, 볨ӣ˴ࡣ
ҶС棬ʲô, ǿĿ˯ˣʣ, ˯ˣ
˯ˡ
һҹ˯, ڴ, űһǸԼôϸӮѩգɷǺÿ
û뵽˯͵, һ£Ϻ
һӮѩڴ, ͨ, ͡
ڱﴩ·, ´С档
Ӯѩ˵˯㣬Ժϴ·ˣϴɡ
ȥ, ҶСǰͷ, , Ҿ͡㡣
ϡ衣
Ӯε˪Ӯ¥ƻǴð, ſһȺ̫ڴɨ, æòֺ
СĲȵһɨ㣬̫֣ĸû۵ģ̇ͷһŵùȥ, ūŲ֪ǵ£ūŲ֪ǵ¡
Ӯѩһļͷǳ⣺˭ۣ
ūţūţˡˡ˵Żõݿ
Ӯε˪ûᣬȥһ͵˪ſԥһ£ʱϹܼҸճţüǰ£ȥ˰ɡ
Ӯε˪ůȥûſڣûҪϵˣҪû
!ûһܿĵطеĻƿޡȫˣе̺ӡӡȫˣеӡӡȫɢˣ·һأһء
õĹȻһҡҡ׹ĵϣϹһ籣Ѿ߿ధվԱߣӮε˪ֻáˡݴʱķŭ
һӮε˪ˣͷһһţͽߵˣѾ߱סĴȣƴذ
ȥӮε˪û뵽Լ˵ֻ
£æѾ߱
Ӯε˪ˣȥסˣصƴؿԣһ̣Ӯε˪ȻЩۡ
˽˹Ӯε˪û뵽ϵôʹࡣ
ۿӮε˪ǷŭģӮε˪㣬Ϊʲô㲻𣿡
ˣΪʲôôô롣
ҲܺҶһ𣿡
Ӯε˪ʱǡ
ҿˣӮε˪ƭӣǸƭӡһ߿һ߿ޡ
˴ĻѳѾߵĲ˴ϣôŴûɢܡ
˿˵Ӯε˪ҪҽͻؼңҲٴҲٿ㡣
仰Ӯε˪Ȼ˵ǳȥɡ
Ѿ߳ȥˣˣҲף˵Ļʲô˼
˺Ȼ̧ͷıʲô˼ȥģʲôˣ
ȥ˾Ҽ˺ܶˣΪʲôƫƫ˵
㻹Ҷˣ㱧Ǹˣǲǣ㻹ֿ
Ӯε˪ȫû뵽˸һˡ
ҪǺ鿴ˣһڹأ
ԭϣ˵Ѿߺظһ˽סˣ˵ʮӣ㿴һϲĻԴ˹
Űɣһ̣ȻһĻӱһŮˣŮʶʫϣ
Ӯε˪֪²ٽƱˣ˵ԣǿҶ
վ絶:ڻǳˣһΪⲻģҾȻĹһ࣬˶ģҪؼңھҪؼң˵ž塣
Ӯε˪͵رס˵ſңҪҵĸʣɱ㣬ɱ㡣
Ӯε˪һʼնұҶ㺦ΪʲôҪǿɱ
ֹͣ˵
Ӯε˪˵ʶҶҲһɱǰ뾡һа취ӽңʵʵĿϣƽҾȻҾȻˡ
ҼΪʲôƭңȻ˵ûƭңĺҲɱҲףΪʲô˵ұҵʱֻӮε˪˵ʱ˫һؿ¡
ε˪㣬㡣˱ͣ
ٶؤ˯Ȼһʻ˹Ȼʮס桢⡢߲ˡơ·
˶ɵˣǸģ˵ĶӶؽ˫۾ŵ϶ѳɽʳ
ʣʲôһʣû˻ش
Ȼ󿸽һӣǽȫ򿪣ӡۣؤŴû˿ôӣҲһӶῴ
æܵſڣ֪λˣܲ˵һ仰
Ȼиƹģվ˳𣿡
¡
㿴Բԡƹĵݸһӣֽдסȵȶ٣һֽŵˣһӡ
ټ޳ˣ͵ģܲ͸¶¸մЩؤܲܲⱲǸţţ
ѣ㲻øлңУ¸һҪ
ҪٲȥһͷҲС
ǵģһһΣÿ㰴ʱջһУǸ㲹
ү鷳ң˭ǵģȻ֮
ƹƺ׼ͳһֽٴһԭҶš
ǣٴ磬߻͸ģԺһҪΪ߻ӣ֪ԽԽá
ûȻҲûҶּһ֧ΣȷʵҶͷϵġ
ӣû뵽پȻôһ죬Ҫʶн죬ˡ
ƹĺͻ½ˣٿŻصͬ˶û˸ҶһµϵʳеС͵͵ץʳǴؤǳⲻҪ˶˵һ仰
ʱ³΢ոͷվԱʣ磬ⶼ˭ġ
ٿ˵ֵǣⶼӣǵİ͸ǵġ
˶:ȻʳͽǮĺ
³΢ʣ磬жǮ
һ
³΢ԾˣһôǮǰǸӵܣȻˣһȷʵСĿ
С˵˵߻͸ǵġ
³΢Ȼֳһη:ʼҵĶҲҪ磬ãͻȥɣⶼɱͷ
ټˣ΢ܲСôˣ˼͵ģֲġ
³΢æ˵͵ҲУЩǮɾ
Ҫ㲻Ҫãֵãôôޱ
³΢˵:磬Ĳң
㲻Ҫٺ˵ˡ
³΢֪˵㽫ͬ⣬ͬĻ̫ˡ
ٺܲԸɫҲã
磬΢飬Ҫŵùһء
΢ֵܣ㲻ҪȰҲġ

36

³΢˵, һ취Ҳ֪Щֵܶµģ˭ôǮ, ЩǮǱʣ, ͶɻͶ, ٶǮҲɽ, ϣ翼һ£ЩǮǲҪؤˣ
һѻ, һ仰ˣؤʲô
³΢˵ôǮ㻹ȥϣܱ, ǲ顣
ͬ, û˵Ǯȥӻ
³΢ָͷȻͬ˾ͺ, Ǯӡھ֡¥Ƶꡢׯ
۷⣬˷ܵؿ³΢΢ֵܣ⣿
ǻһ㣬ҿ԰Ǯ, , ǮԽԽ, ԺֵǲܳԱҪ, ߻ҪǮ, Ǿͻ
ٴϲ΢ֵܣ˲ţⱲû뵽, ģԺ˵ʲôʲô
³΢˵Ĵ磬ˣһֵǹϺӡ
ãͰŰţôǮҶȲˡ
ɴ¡̲ͶԺ齨˾ųһ£Ӯѩ̲ƿߣò˾ڡ
ǰŸ̤ţͱӮε˪סˡ
Ӯѩʣ绹飿
Ӯε˪ɫ˵ѩʲô飬֪֪ˣ
Ҳ֪˵ǣ
Ӯε˪ǳ͸һȺؤһô£˵ÿ궼ͣû˵ɣǰѹóȥӻøʻô롣Ϊʲô㻹ôԣ
磬ⶼҵӣ߸ʱǡ
Ӯε˪ǳ⣺㣬ԽԽѵǸʵġ
ûб£ˡ
һɡܼʱӮѩͷӮε˪ıӰ۾أһߡ
ҶСÿȻϴˢˢԺֿԺͩ棬һҲܸˡ
ϣƽӮѩ˻ӮѩֺˣѬ죬ҶС˵Ⱦƻϳܣ!
ƽӮѩϣӮѩ˰֣˯Ҫ˯һ𡣡
ƿҶСһۣƺͬ⣬ҶСҲûʲôԸԸϾӮѩһֱǺͬġ
ƽӮѩϣΪȥѥӣ˱ӣֽŮˮ˶ͷһϸĵϺƺŮ˳ȥƻһ鷳Ϊչһ¡һ֣ĵ㡣
ҶС˵ͷǶˣ˳Ӯѩ˯̬ʵ룬ˣźˡ
ڴߣô˯ִڴϣһ˯ٵȵȥ˯ɣʲô
һһ͵ؾͱץסˣӮѩ̵ģ΢΢к
ȻˣȴܴҶСȻ鲻ԽԽֻ÷
ӮѩȻֹҺȰ·ˣˣȰ
ҶСŤͷһӮѩǱĿ˯ţȴ˹ݵҪһ·Ҫȫˣⲻѿ
Ӯѩ꣬ҶСȴȻԼȥڣھͱˣ¶һɫ¡
ҶСæ£ˣ⡣
ӮѩȻֹ֣˵ȡЩ
úúáҶСһӦһҿӣôûпӰҿ̧ˣԭҸ£ɴû˴·ѹ·
ȫˣֻҪŬŬӮѩôߣҲǵ
£ˣġҶСֻ취ֹ
Ӯѩ۾ůůֵں
˵Ҳ֪ǼҶСΪֹɣǲǣߵǰãȵⴰȫˣһ紵ˣղŵ⣬һɢ룬˵ȣҲܹˡ
صǰӮѩȻûнУ˵߽Ҳֹ֪ɶӸǵ˶ӡ
һ򿪣ؾʹһ£ֻôȥ˴࣬һ˴ҲȻǲҪˣ᲻Ὣ
תһ룬ôˣůȴҲ£Ӯѩëȴ٣˯صģʲô˽͵ʲôһ㡣
Ҫ˯Ȼˣ󣬶ʱ꣬žžˤˣȥش
ȥǸˣӮѩһͷСҰһؽסˣͷĸһ㣬﷢صҪߣҪߡ
رŲԴλҲѿ˼ȾˣϾҲǸСûûĺӣζ
ץסƨɣߣǾԴ̧Ӯѩرסֻ£ѣ´ˣȻﶼʪˡ
뿪ңѩˣ㱧ңҡӮѩ֣ұ䱾طصز
ҶСֻգһغҲЩ˸УֻùڴϣĿĥ˵㶼ˣһܰôҿɲԸһôᡣ
ĿҶС̲סĺ󱳣԰˯ɣ˭ȥȾƣôˣϻ衣
ţӮѩˣ߽˯ˣ㰲ˣҶС̧ԴһƵ˴ϡ
ԣҶСŲӣŷľܲȫãһֳʹô²໹ģһģȸ֮䣬ȻȫǿˮҴЩħ
ȺһЩȥѴˣȫʪˣҲܲô࣬Ȼȥ˯ɡ
һϱ˯ţһʪģ;úġ
Ժˣ۾ӮѩԱߣŰӣ˯ؿ
æӣôϾͿҸ
Ӯѩѣ㣬ѵģ
ǰѵ𣿡
ãԺҿ°ɡ˵ȥ˴
ʲô˼
Ҳ㿴ˣҪΰɣ
ôô޳ܰҶСĿླô࣬ûأȻˣȸ״
ϵĲλУʵڲڣֻôȹ
Ӯѩϴϣһףʱһ˿죬Ǳǲʮǧ
ƺʲôϾǰĵʪһƬв֦Ҷ⵽ҶСǲǿˣԺǧҪꡣ
ꣿҶСһ㶣һ꣬˹ˡ

37

ֶһ˰ɣ
ҶСͷͷ, ǵҲԡ𣿡
һҭûԡʲôϵ
Ӯѩ˵Ƴȥɣ𵢸ǳš
ҶС, 㼸һԡ
ԡ֮ˮģ, ˵, ϳ, ұɾɡ
˵ҸɾҶСģǽܸɾȥ
Ӯѩ˵ϣĳط, Ƽ߰ߡ
ҶСһȷʵ֣ɫ, ǸĲλ, ĿˮһЩѾȾ˻ưߡ㾹Ȼ͵, ֪
Ӯѩ̧һֹϸǱʱС˿ģʱͲҪ˵Щ飬Ȼûθڣ, ò͡
ұҪ˵ҶСڽ, һӶǰ
԰, ˻ҪȥɻأЩҶˣ
ҶС˲ɾĶ뿪ůһӮѩĻ, , ȴɾ
ʱԺ߽һ磬ҶС˶, վǰʣһٽﾫ⣬Ŀ
ҶСߵԺ⣬Ҷ򿪣һ峵ϰһϼѵ⣬Щ߻ӳԵġ
һգͷ˵ֽ
ûˣôصģҶСֱֱؿ
ԭǱˣİТҶСΪ˷磬Ժ߻˵һҹϵȵ꣬͵⣬Եģ߻ӺܿģȻܡ
Դӵõһӣ³΢Ĵ¹Ȼɫһ²һСĳһҷׯһС̣һְ꣬һµؤȥ¡
Ȼ⣬иҪãǺҶС硣ƩʲôʱԼ棬ʲô飬˳˳޾ϸ緶Χ֮ڡ
⵹ǿʼˣҶСȻܸˣ˰Т£æʣǲǳʲô£
Тûסϴͼʮֵܶץˡ
ҶСһץˣΪʲô
ٸ˰Ѷĳׯ̺궼ˣڵɻֵȫˡô찡ǿޣѹúܵ͡
˵ʲôԭģʲô𣿡
Ҳ֪³΢ȥͷҺûץ㿴ֽ³΢дġТæȥ⡣
һһŵֽˣҶСһ³΢϶˵߻ӵһǮˣٸֻ˵Ǻ˾ٱƤչȫǰгۣûһ˿ԽأΪ߻ӵһǮкܴϵ漰ڹ¡
˵ģɣҶСףˣΪ˼̵µģԭ߻ӵǱǮΪ߻ӡ
ҶСТТȥԺ󣬽ֵǲҪңǧҪٸ֣Ҫҵǵûصͬ߻ӵǮﶼá³΢ܴʱҲҪͷ߻Ի뵽İ취ֵҲܿ
Тһһˣػȥˡ
ҶС֪·ͬСɣֻ߻ˡæ˵Щ˵ʣµĻ
صůûˣҲڣһѾͷڲӣҶСæʣأ
Ѿ˵°ճȥˡ
֪ȥҶСҲ֪ʲ𰸣߻ȥʲôôһѾͷ
żֻܵ߻ӻˡ
ʱԼĻң˵Ұһɡøɵܱźá
æ֣㣬ū澵ġ㣬㡭ҶСĨز
߻Ӯѩһɡ׷̲
̲ƽӭǰ˵ôˡ
Ӯѩ˵ǲһµķˡ
ƽ⣺һ񡭡
ȥӮѩֱӴ
ƽһ̲Ա·Ӯѩһη
ηļʮ˷ֱѺе˯еڽͷӶе¡
ߵˣñӳǳ⡣
һ˵߻ӣæ˵ֵǣ߻ӵ£ҪˣоˡȻ½½
һᣬʯһȺˣһԱӵӮѩߵ⣬亰¹򡣡
Ӯѩ̧һ֣˼ˡ
ٺ˶ʮڴصӮѩ˵仰֪Ӯѩһ仰û˵ָȻֶ°ͣȻת˼¡
˶֪ڸѵ˼ʲô⣿
ӮѩڿˣηˣԷ𣿡
ٲû³ѪŪ˰һûԣ֪߻ĴˣҶ˵һҪʱһһ˿һ£˶ˡ
˵ӵ£٣һǸᣬǶСģӲ̽ٸ棬ҲӲթûз
ֵҲͣ£ûз
Ӯѩûлش̲һԱ˵Ǳ𳳳Ҫ˵
һƬӮѩȻ֮ǰĶһ飬վˣڿ:óԵĳԡ
ٲһѪ
ƽأ²ҵ·ġ
Ӯѩʣʲôʱߡ
˵ˣٶͷм
ƽ˵Ųõ¡Ӯѩûκα飬ƽϾ˵ԭ򣬡˵ˣ񼫣ҪΡ
ǷʲôӮѩܵȻһʡ
ƽҪʯϴһܱյĿռ䣬쳹:ʲôӦñ
һȻӮε˪βһȺԱͱ£ϵƶʱ̲ĹԱŵˡ
Ӯε˪ߵǰվӮѩԱߣԶһѼҪʵ
̲һɹԱȷʵɶͷԣôһССĵûôĶأ
ƽҲǰˣȷʵһ޴ûбСϰհ
˵ĶԻ˲ʱչ֣
˵Ƿ˷ϴӮѩȽһӡ̡
Ӯε˪һӡ˵ãҸ㣬ⲻһͨĵһʾ޿Ǯ˶ĳ˷ꡢ̡̣˵ӮһھҲ
ǮȻͻ򡣡ڶִ¡
Ǯɲɾأԡ
֤ݣ巴
Ҳ˵ǮԴɲɾǮʹõģǷָɾٶϡ
ĸɾõĲɾϡ
Ǽſĳ϶ϴǮĳǮڰײ֣ǮǷ硣
⾩жټҶĳϡ
ҪʾжټҶĳֵ÷зɣͽҶĳ͢κڣӲΧ׷½أɾɱ֮ơ
һ֮ڣһССĶĳȴд̹ˣûָʹǲܵġ֮
Ӯѩû뵽Ӯε˪ô׼Ŀľǽɱһ
Ӯε˪˵ѩ㻹кλ˵
ӮѩӦת˳ȥ

38

￴߻뿪, ӿˣҲûʲôôһССĶĳΪ˸ֵһ, ôô飬û³΢Ļ, Ǯͻȥͺˡ
ƽ̲һԱڵһ仰, ð¡
Ӯε˪˵ƽ, ҪǵĹʣɹᣬϴ, Ҫ֪һ
ƽæӦһһͰ졣
߻ӮѩصѩŵҶСůż, ˫۱Դ, ֪ʲô
Ӯѩһ
ҶС̧ͷһ, վر֪𰸵񣺡£Ҵôˡ
ǽȥ˵ɡӮѩһЩƣ
ɡ
ҶСæݣı۰˵ǲѾˡ
Ӯѩ, Ŀ, ׼ı顣˳ů, ׼̡
µ˵ҶСߴ
Ӯѩ۾˵, 粻Źǡ
ӣΪʲôҪץ, ԩ޳𡣡
£ȥɣһ򸸻ʳҵĹʧ
, ΪһΪһӣҪ׷ΣҶСȻһӻôµĺ֪ԭ
Ȼǣֻûô򵥣Ҫ̬ȡӮѩ˵
Ҳ˵ץסҪô
Ӯѩ˵Ȼֵôǿ϶ģһġ
ҶС֣һûϾͺñʧȥ͹ޣǿıã£㣬ͻȥɻ
˳ȥ
ҶҵģҪȥӣıġӮѩûۣ֣һ䡣
֪ҲġҶСһ˵һסᡣ
ƻ裬Ӯε˪ص˪ҶأӣӮε˪ı½Ρ
ֺòˣȻСҪһ£ȴҲѲ
ֺò˽ˮ׼Ӯε˪ҲܳˣһеŬûа׷ѡ
ε˪ˡ֣ر֪ʲôԵĺòãǾ˵һѻ
Ӯε˪ȫûȥȻŵػش
˷һˣ˵ֺò˷ǰ棬˼Ӯε˪ԡ
Ӯε˪˼ڣθ鹫ԺҪˣⶼ˵顣
˵๫ô˵أ˵˵ζô
Ӯε˪¶һ˿Цݣࡣ
˿ĵӣԣԶһ
Ҳ԰
ҲҪԾͺˡ
Ӯε˪Ҫ˵ʲôܼվſʣʲô𣿡
£ſһλҶĹ
һҶ֣˵񾭾رţӮε˪ȴװһں˵û˵ʲôûʲô¾Ͱϳȥɡ
£Ҷ˵㲻һ
Ӯε˪Ȼһںӣȴ˷ܡ̼籡Ļ棬ȻصùҲ޷ڲصġ
˽һӣȻһδԣѾˣûпӮε˪ĹâҶ֡
ԴϴӮε˪˵ҶյŮӣҲϲҶӵĻҲγ
Ӯε˪˵ˣôˣֲ֪˭
˭׼ûк£๫㲻취ҸɱˣٲȻɸ͵͵ɱˣһŮ㷸ż𡣡
ɱ㲻֪ȻǸŮǱߵܳˣһ׻ˣʲôơֶԹܼ˵ȥ鷿
Ӯε˪Ÿӵ飬ʣķˣҶСãʣµʱ˶óĬһزס뷨ˣֳһĲˡ
鷿ڵűƿҶСվ鷿ģһúӮε˪ûƤЦ֣µһ
ɡӮε˪ֱۣ
¡ҶСͼֵúллҡ
Ӯε˪⽫Ŵһ룬ַԸſڵ˵վſڣ˽
ֿҶС˵ɡ
ҾͲˡ
ã飿Ӯε˪
ҶС˵£飬ҼǵʶĳҲǵõңµĴҶⱲӶǡ
һ£ɵ𣿡Ӯε˪Ƶؿ
ȫǣ֪ģǰǮҲȥǶȻɣǾһȺؤǳԲůÿⱲܳԱůȢϱ
ˡӮε˪һӣûк˵Զ˵ǳԲůȫ𡣡
ûй㣬ֻһǵĴ伲࣬Ҳؤɡ
Ӯε˪ſˮ͸ΣãҲۣǴӮĻӣҵȻ֪伲࣬ǣⲢҪ˵
ҶС±飬Ļһ˵Ӯε˪һصǣڲص㣬һǮǿ˼ҵ꣬С׬ǮҺڡǶģÿ˶ԱůʹɣһЩ£õǵӦǣǣǶ񡣡
Ӯε˪һ飬򿪿Ҳ֪û˵˵꣬˵ĻȫɷϻΪܴⲻ֪޴ģһʼʶ㣬ͰװȻȫµ˵ɵӣˣǵСڱһЦ
û뵽Ӯε˪뾡һа취ʹҶСҲ򿪴˵£ҾǰˣҸĲëû㵱ɵӡȹңұøãΪҸ˺֪ܶ࣬ⱲӶ㣬ΪͲҪұ𣬵ֻҪһαĻᣬ岻ݴҲȥ
Ӯε˪˵ҪĻᣬھͿԸ㡣
˵
ҪѪߣ¶ȵѪҺιңõ𣿡ɺơ
ҶСһû뵽Ӯε˪˵ıһʱǡ
ȻǾͲҪǰ˵󻰣ƾ㣬Ⱳ㻹𡣡
ҶСعȥǼ籡ıʹܷŹҶԸԸ⽫ѪҺɡ
Ӯε˪վҡҡͷǷŭģҶΪȥҲԸı㣬ʧ͸
ҶСʹ˵£Ҳ֪Ҫı𵽵ʲô㿪ûдǲֵúһᣬ֪¶гɼ㾡ܶҷйɱҲԡ
Ӯε˪ûҶԶ֪Ҷ!ҶôãҶжãҲǰ;Ҳ˸ʶҵ𷣣ҵôã㶼ǲѪģѪ뿴Ѫǲġ˵ŽͷץһҲƶ

39

ҶС۾ˮ, ֪Ӯε˪Ϊ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ뱨Ϊʲô˵ȴֲ, ˵ҪѪݡ
ҶС˵£֪, ҵͲƤҪȥʶ, Һ, ΪⱲӷˣһΰѡһΣҰͲú޹, ҲȥȾƣҾԶؤÿͩһ
ǰһ, û, СʱԱ, Ҳһô룬ңؤ, ұﳼ֮Ů, ҷǳм, ЩҪģҪ, Ǻֵһ
ɱ, ͵ҪҵһҲû塣Һ籾Ͳһǳͺ˽Կ׵Ļ, ǰ;ȫӮػ񣬿أʲôǣ㷸Űң͵ûʶң¡
Ӯε˪ƺÿֶȥˣȻǷŭģſҶСĮÿ£ѾʶңӱǲܵģҵĶ飬뻹Ҳᡣ߰ɣҲʲô뷨ǲŵģȥѪҺȣҲǡ
Ӯε˪ӣҶСе˺£ûһˣ鲻Խ˳£ҵˣһҪϴҿһٸͷһǧҲУֻҪԭңԭҾС
Ӯε˪ķŭкһ˿˷ܣûдûдԭ㣿
ʱС˵£ˡ
Ӯε˪ҶСҷҪϢˣȥɣܲҲŹĺΰɡ
ҶСʹվȥ˰ףԶԶ˹ǰͣסˡ
ҶС˸˼˵Ҷˣôްû뵽ĳҲޡ
ĳҶС⣬Ѿˡ
˽鷿Ӯε˪ۣǰο˵๫ǲҶˣʲôıơϡ
Ӯε˪ûʲôˣԺ鷿ˣʲôһȥ˵
Ҿĵôˡ
ôҿδء
ʲôˣҶ棬Ҹûʲô
˹ĺˣȥϢɡӮε˪վȥƣĮ
ҶС¶įѩŵ߻ȥ磬һĵһΣƾôŬôʾ֭ãԼԶ䣬ԶŪ
Դ뿪︮ľ棬һȷʵҪģҪ˵Ϊƽɣȷʵô
ΪʶԺ󣬸׵ӦþͿԳʵǽײ˺Ѻʹ
ǰΪֵܷᣬĺٿޣڣöص޷Ķѹ
𽥾ãԼԽԽ񵱳ʧȥ԰ʱҶǸûûšûδҶԸ̶Ķȴ򣬸Ըʧȥ϶һࡣ
ڵǵҶΪԼܴڿȷʵСһ뵱ȶ־磻Ϊ˽ѵ̶ǰ׼Ϊ˾ͩȥƺͬ
ͷһⲻС
ˣίᣬû˿԰ûˣԺô
ںҹسҲûˣⱲӾôһأŮ˿ްɿްɲᡣ
ȻǰһɡӮѩһɡƣӮѩԼԼһɡǰˡ
Цţôˡ
ӮѩɡƵͷ˵ԺҸɡ
ҶСϹ飺ϵĳʲôɡ
㲻𣿡Ӯѩһֱֻסı۰
ҶСһͷӮѩĻ:밡밡һ˺ÿడҲҪ˰οңչңңҲǸʲô㣬ҲǸŮ˰Һû˹ңû˸ůĺ¡
ӮѩȻƽ۾飺ˣӿжʹࡣ
Ҳʹ𣿡ҶС̧ͷҴģҽ޵öġ
УģҶˣǻȥɣϳӣӮѩ֡
£Һܺ棬ΪʲôҪʱߣ
ǰôң
ҶСܺ棬ܽʲô
ϱ˯
ҶСˣ㲻Ҫô߰
䣬໥ȡůѣ
Ǻǵ𡣡
һɡ˴ҹɫС
ڶ糯һӮѩȥ챦ûӮڿӣǰûˣΪƽʱӮѩ
ÿӮѩԾɹڵϣûôӮ۱ʣѩǲʲô鰡
ʣһ¡
һԴӮѩĸȥ⺢ӾԽԽƧһСʱҪߣһ붼ʮˡ
ʲô춯صĴ£Ӯ۵Ǻڴʣ˵˵
Ӯѩ˵̲ץһȺؤ˵Ǻɹᣬ֪Ƕɱͷ
һȺؤôһȺؤ顣
ʵҸһӡ
ӮΪԼˣһ΢Ц촽
ӮۿһӵȻ࣬ƽʱĸӵĳԴöȲĻǸһȺؤһⱲӶû˵ܺ棺ΪʲôؤôǮ
ΪҺͱ˴ģˡ
ӮۿЦãԵ𣬵֪ΪʲôûзҲΪӮѩһ⣺ǰһ㣬ٺ飬͵ˡ
ʱ򣬵̫£ӵ
˵ܲٲܲٵӮε˪ǵߵһҲӮѩϣվӮѩԱߡ
Ӯ˵ε˪ҲΪȺؤ
Ӯε˪ƺ׼ʣȷʵΪȺؤȷе˵ǲһȺؤиԻǽߵܵһӣһӱӮ쵱ǹ˶ĳ̡ׯ̣ھ֣Ӧ˵ȽȽӮˡ
ӮʣȻһǮЩҲģΪξͰˣ
Ӯε˪ɫ˵ΪǵҰԶûô򵥣͢һֱѹɺǾȻɡ޷̵ġ
Ӯѩ˵ʣĻҲͬһȺؤ˽ǣǲôĵӡ
Ӯε˪أ˵ûеӣõʲôһֽչ˳ǵĹʣдǹɲ١
֤ݹȻʵӮѩôװ󣺡磬һֽ˵ʲôô֪ǵ滰
Ӯε˪һѵߵܣ˼ŹѶƹģڸǰſڴƻơ
һһضţӮε˪һڴȻӮѩһƤ֮˭Ҳ˭
Ӯȥˣһͷ˵˺ˣˣ޶Ƿˡ
ͣӮ˵ҳȥΪһȺؤ챦ȥ֪˻ΪǲпڡӮ۰֣߶ߡ˼ǽǰզզء

40

Ȼʶ, Ļʲô˼ȥ·ϣӮε˪˵ѩ, 㲻Ҫ¾øѹңʲôʱΪӮ, Ҫٰ˼ûõĵط
Ӯε˪ڽѵ, ٴ, ǲŵģڣ֤ݶڣʱȫնס
ӮѩûлӦ, 챦ſڣɡ˹
һٴѩŵТææŰ峵ԺҶС
ҶСһ, ڵ߻ӵϢ, Т, ֪һ£㽫ԺʣТǲǳˣ
Т˵̲һ緢˹, ȫնס˵ҪƵġ
ҶСû뵽վ, ô졣Ψһļҡ, ܿͻҷԺ󲻵û, ҲûҶСĿ֡
Т, ôˣ
ҶСТģ, һתĸоҲ֪ǲҶܲôѹ
ТںסҶСࣺТղ˵ʲô
³΢˵Ҫ㡣
ŰТ˻ʹʹĴַǳ˴֯Ǽĵطһ¶£ֻʱص㣬Ϊڵؤ
³΢ͩվڲ£ǰһԷ򸾣˵װע⡣
³΢˵Ϊ˱ʵƺͬѾȫǲɢˣû֪ġ
ҶСܸжΪ³΢ĺܺã˵Ƕ𣿡
ͩ۾󣺡С㣬Һ㣬ź㡣
ҶС˵ͩڹãҵݾһѾߣѾźѾߵġ
ҲܣҾҪźС㡣
ÿζֱһ𣬾ͺҪһ
³΢˵ʵб¡
ҶСοͩҪޣ³΢˵ɳ΢
³΢ǰСǽʣǮʱ׼Ӫȡ
ӪȣҶСһ˵³΢㲻ôôȥ
ôϴͼʮֵܾȫˣİ취
ˣ߻ӽȥ˱£ҲתҶС
̲ﹴɵ֤ݶУΪ߻ŤתǬΪ»ںһȺؤ
ҶС˵³΢Ҿ㣬Щ뷨ˣҲô
³΢㲻ǣȥ
ô᲻ǣҲںǰΪƾһǻѪܾ
ҲܣֻҪܾǣһҲֵõģǾȳϴǾ뿪ӮԶ߸߷ɣһ׼취Ҵһߡ
ҶС뿪סˡ
֪³΢Ǻ⣬Ըøֵܵȥȡֵܵⲻд³΢Ǵˣ³΢ΪʲôҪ⡣
³΢ҿˣǲǻԥѾһΣҲٴٻصǰһȥ̳ҵĸסҲϣ㲻ҪڣֻһΣûаգⱲ㶼ԭԼ
Ϊ³΢ڸ׵ڻҲѡһΣһѪ̳ҲҪǰ֤Լһų
ҶС֪Ѿ޷˵ˣˣսߣ뷨ʣµֵܿ϶һӦ
ҶСЭ΢һȥ߻ӣ𣿡
³΢ӦˣãϻûĴ𸴣ǾͻᰴƻжТȥ㣬ǵļƻ޷졣
޷죬ҶС޷죬ž޴ĵ뿪˲ͩվĿȥ
ҶСȺûٲײһˣ£ͷ֪ǲԼˣûж㿪Է
ȻһλεĵͱĶӣİ˱ڶҶС³һѪ峹׵齣׹䡣
ֻ뿴˭Ҫɱ˴ͷһŮˣ˵ҶҾҪɱ㡣
һϤӣ˹˵ǰطףģôɼ
գƲʣֵȺֵߺȣ𽥵ʧʧӰ١
ҶСˡ
ȺѸپʧ룬ˣˣ
˴ӻҵȺʧ伣
ͩһֱҶС뿪ıӰֱȥųȥڵƴغ˺ѷΡ³΢Ҳſڵᡣ
Ҷˣѩŵƴ߻Ӯѩ㱨
Ҷˣ ˪ϴӮε˪㱨
һıšŭ޿
Ҷô˭ɱһʴǡ
ܿ죬ƥڷNջӮѩӮε˪ͬʱڷNջſڣͬʱҶķ䡣
ͩſڴͷӿ³΢ТͼֵվԱĬĬᡣ
ûںӮû
ҶСɫ԰ףİԣȻβ˴Ľë΢΢ƺֻ˯ˡ
Ӯѩǰ˵ұ㡣һֽҶСӿ뻳Ҫʧȥ¶ȵȻɢӮѩûᣬʱ۾Ҳˡ
رҶСҶСش˫ֻϸֱһ΢΢š
ͩ˵ҼС㣬ҼС㡣
ͩӮѩҪҶߡ
ͩ£ԣҼС㡣
ͩСѾˣȥһطȥһһֱȥĵطӮѩ˵
СûСû㲻ܴҼС㣬㲻ܴͩ˺ѷεؿ
³΢æο˵ͩѾˣ㲻Ҫôġ
ۿӮѩҪˣͩ޵εˡ
Ӯε˪ʱվſڣһڳ̦ĸףǳʪģưܲġ
ӮѩҪȥģ
磬㻹𣿡Ӯѩ˵¥ݿȥſڣƾһɡ
һᣬӮε˪¥ݣһ̣ʹÿվסһڵʣҶˣΪˣͿԱˣΪ˾ʲôˡûУ㵽ܵظתͶ̥ҲǷҵģԶԭ㡣ȲǣҲƾʲôҵͬ飬㲻䣡
ߵſڣſʹǮǰôˣ
Ǯ飬ҵּ⣬ȫɱˡ
£Ҫô𣿡Ǯܲ⡣
Ҳҵ
Ǯ˵£˼
Ϊʲôÿ˶ҶΪʲôӮε˪˵㲻ȥȥ
¡Ǯʹּˣնﷸ
ˣʮﷸȫ̳Χ۵˳Խеʱƽּ⣬նﷸⲻһȺɱͷ飬߻Ҳйϵʹˡ
־󵶣ûжʱʵ۲ںؤɽɱԽԽá
ƽնֵĴ£һͷ䣬Ȼǵڶš

41

ʱ, ̳Ⱥÿһ·һˣ, ̳ƽϳ߻, æ˵ݻ̡
ͣ, Ӯѩûκα, Ҳûκαˣڷ֮ϣƽ, һɢ۾Ȼų˵Ĺâٻƽҫ½ҫۣƽס, ڹԱйݴ
ǣӮѩֻ˵һ仰
ƽѣ, ¹ҲΪѰ, ¹Ըɴñ
ãһжɣӮѩ˵գӹֵù󵶣, ķ, ȫȻ˵Ƕȥ, Ժ˭ҪǵԴôȡҵԴ
ΪѶƹ, , ʱԺ߻ӵĻᡣʮ˻, ߻໥̳߳
Ӯѩ뿪̳ĽŲƽʱ࣬ʱҲ벻ҶֽرȻһ仰˵Ļ
Ƹ̤̤Ҳ𽥺ˡ
һطͣһĸۡȥüûסˣǰӲݴͷ϶ǽ֣˭Ҳ֪ġ
ǰ߲ġҶԢǰסҶ˼ң֪ʲôԭҵ䣬߷˴ıú
Ŷ룬ǰȻǳϥǵӲݣûһõĵطſʯ·һֱǰߣת˺ü䡣
ӮѩʶҲüΣܿ͵һƬ֣ѾǶˣûһʢһ
ǰһˮˮǿ˵˯ҲЩ᳤Ǵ˿̶ǰĵ㡣
иǧǧϣܹһķ羰Ҳ˺ϲ￴飬ϼ⡣
ӮѩҶССǧϣ૵˵Ҵؼˣ㿪𣿡
Ļ٣ƺ˵ࣺܶǰ㾭һ֪ϲطʱҽɨң£ﶼûסˣôȥɨҶ˵ɵԺ󲻾סˡʣ˭סء˵ס˽Ҷ
ֱһ죬ܹ˵£˵︮һҶĹ֪ǲҪҵˡֻҪ֣ҶŹֱڷ¥һۣҾϳ㡣
ӮѩҶСһֱǣ¹࣬Ҳ֪Ǽʱˡ
ͬʱӮε˪˪Ļ԰ȵȻҶΪʲôˣǲŵġ
һʱNջʹģһ˽ģǾǿҶû
Ҫ̵ĽڹϣҶȷʵŤתǬ׿˵ֻҪҶˣӮε˪Ϳԭ
ԭûС
þԼҪҪԭһ£̲ȥռȫնףҲǲԵģô滺еԹ
Ҷ𰸣Ѿ߻Ӿߣ˿̣ͲںǻֻںҶǻ
˳˻԰ļ˵ε˪ôôľƣ
ûʲôǰһѡ
˺ܾ:ʲôѣ
Ӯε˪Ȼˣ˵ѯʣȴѣ˵ǰһµѣͬһʦˣͲˡȷʵһλѣλû뿪Ӯ
˰ο̫ϧˣĲŻҲһ๫һ󡣡Ӯε˪ԣҲԼһƣ๫ȡ
ͬӮε˪̾ϢһٻصǰһһСһ
๫ôȣ˸Ρ
˽ӣӮε˪Ȼһ㣺ˣԺúùҴӦ㣬һúùӮε˪룬ԺҲûжĹˡ
á˸жؿ
¹࣬Ӯε˪ı븹С
︮Ӳݴǽͷľֳᵹ飬¹ѽ︮
︮һڵĵطվһˣձһĨᡣ֣ǱҶС֣û뵽ҶСܣ
շǴ飬һϸ΢ĹԽԽ֮󣬺ڰ֮һƬ׹⡣
׹ֳ֮һˣŸ߽ѩ׵ѣ˿ƽˮ
Ů˽ӮģʵĴڣǴӻʹصﴫӰΪصŵʵӮһĲɣŮˡ
ӮĳˣǴ֪һУƵվôĮ
ֹ˵£һʱ⣬ûбСҰɡ
Ӯ˵֣㲻Ҫעдһ١
Сʹɱ֣ûĵʹȥɱ˵ʱҧгݣƺֻҪӮͬ⣬˾ͻᱻж˿顣
ڲӮҲ¹ս
ѵΪС𣿡вʡ
Ӯĵƺ̾Ϣɡ 
£ӵĴСˣԺǺð
Ӯ侲˵֣㴫£Ĵӽ쿪ʼҪ¹ʩѹҪӮӡʵòȡĵҪ֧Ϊǵҵƽ·ãҲܽаһаơ
аµĴ֯Ҳµһţƿ߹ľǮӰаƵԴδ٣˵ÿ춼ڽеľòģùϵս߹ÿһʵ۶£аƣȻҲаư
ãٴηعݡ
ŸߴͷǽߴߵƬƬӲݣǧѱľͷӮѩҶСȻţһ˯ľꡣ
΢ϸϸشӮѩϣҹ磬Ӯѩȴٻƽ۸ҶСϡ
İĺ԰һ:!Ӱسȴһ뷢԰׵ߣ¹£ԵȻôףһϮ˺ҹ
վӮε˪ʮ֮⣬£İϣܰһæ
ӮѩǴӮӣȻʶİϵµ֯ʹعҶ̶ϵλһηּʶˡ
Ӯѩƽػ˵
¾ȻҶΣ
ȻҶӮѩȻûжȴһ֮ǶǴ˵ģ˵Ϊһ㡣
ͿѡֻһΣϾ뿪ˡ
áӮѩЩѹԼ֪æԲǰװģ˵ҴӦ㣬㾡ܿɣ
İһЦ߹ĻӵУ£һ벻õ㣬д֮ţӮ㽫ĲŻԶĸʣôȻףӦ˵ȻʵĸʵۻҪǿ˵һ𣿡
ûв´㵱عҲ˵һɡ
ĳҪһ˱ضҪһ˵ȥԭκʱ򶼲⣬ˣЩᡣĳԸԻһ
Ȼ㶼ˣ˵Ӯѩ侲
ҪҾҶһѡֻܻ꣬Ľ죬ǻҶİһֵûǰһӮѩһһΪӮȡ
ֻҪӮѩӦˣֻܻ꣬ҲԲѡ

42

İ, ı鵱ƺֻܿĸ֡費ҲΪʲô˵Ӯѩд֮ŵԭ
ӮѩȻˣҴӦˡ
ǰûһ˴ôɴ, ûһһô죬İһЩͣ, Ȼͬ, ½Ҷڵ, һΪʩ
Ӯѩվ۵Ҷ£ֹӡܻ, 㻻һҲ״Ӧġ
£㿴ϵľƺ«, Ѫװƿҩ, ʱֹѪ
Ӯѩó̵, Ѫһε«ʣƺ«ʱ촽Ѿѩˡ˿ڴҩ, ˺һ½ס
İӮѩٴȷϣǵµѡ, ʲô, 󣬵һ, һ, ôҶͻȥ
ģˣҲ˶ϡ
İ֣ص˵, ʩʱ뿪˵أ峿ٻʱһ˯ŵġǵòҪӰʩİڵϣֲһ䣬˵Ļڿ˵
Ӯѩž׵ҶС˵ʱ䣬ҰһҲ㹻ġ˵գȥ
İʩ귨븮ԤһӮĺ־ڸ
µڶ֯ĵӮģµ֯İºڷ֮ҹⲻò˵ӮᷢԤı仯
İ˸Ҿ£
Ӯ˵ҪлҶǣҪ߻ӵ
İ˵£ѵϣ߻ֻ֮󣬴ӮľѵҪģ
ӮĺǺһЦδ̫СӮˣûҪ˭Ҳ赲ˣȻҶ㲻ҪûĻߵһ𡣡
İ˵£ĹڸˣҾҶӮţķ֮¡
ӮĺһһԸ
İϣʱҶﻹǻġ
һ£ĳȸˡڣİ
ε˵£СˣҪҪȥ
֣ػİɣҶ㲻ٻʱ
ַʹ˵ˣӱСܡ
Ӯƽ˵ʮеľϣԵңѾˣ춨ӮƲܣܶģȥɣʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ܿˣ︮ﶼӲһĶҲڶ
Ӯѩһϸû˯︮żϣһֻȳȥҶ
¶ĽŶʪˣǿһӲݣһƬֺһˮ뿪ʱһҶǾ׵
ӮѩڴģָоǴûеģ֪ҶǷĻˣһ¾Сض£ָıϢǰ̽顣
бϢץ֣¶ȣҪҹһůġӮѩһжֶڷ
æ˶¶ȵģ˯У۾ʪˡ
ԽԽӮѩһֱĳô԰ףȥúúøһ
Ľëڶˡ
ҶСۣģģһſֳޱȣÿͺһԻã߻ӣ촽⶯£Ҳ𣿡
㲻Ҫ˵˵ˣˣһһҽ㣬ڻǺúõġӮѩ˵
ΪԼˣÿ°˵žͿ
㲻Ҫ˵㿴㣬˵ͣЩˡӮѩд𱸣ḧı滺ĺ
Һ۰ҶСȷʵۣҪʱоԼһọ́ոͣ㣬ȫûˣֻһ˯ʡ¡
˯һᣬ˯һᡣӮѩ˵꣬ҶС۾ˣ˯ˡ
ҶСٴʱǰűÿһʵûʣ£ģǲȥ𣿡
㿴Сʱ򳤴ĵط㲻ǵ𣿡
ҶСӮѩļͷһƬķ羰ȻǶ죬Ȼطӡ̵ģҶСĵط᲻ǵá
Ҽǵã
Ӯѩ˵ǰҶ̲סﶨӣÿסһʮӣʮȫʮ
ҶСеԼڷȣЦ죬㡣
ӮѩҲ˵򡣡סˣ˵Ժ𣿡
ůһӴ͸ȫû¶ȵ壬̼䱻ڻһ㣬ҶСоһ޼ʵ⣬۾
ҶС鲻ԽýεΣôô鰡ǰô֪
һֱ
ҶСЦˣֿ
ӮѩȻҶС˵£ôϱңҲϰߡ
ӮѩܵȻػӦҽ˵µͣҴ¶ȸ㡣
ҶСȻƵģƭҵİɡ
ôƭ㣬˵ұҵʲôô
ҶСûֿǻҪ˵ռұˣΪҿ֮Σ
ȷʵҵռˣ㲡ʧɫ㿴󰡣²ȥ֡
㣬۸㣬ûк³ġ
Ҿ۸ꡣ
ӮѩĵҶС۸ңûţһҲ롣
ӮѩȻһ⣺㻹ǵô˵𣿡
ҶСܿӮѩ۾Ϊ˵𰸣˹ӵķˣ˵ֲ֪ᷢʲô¡˵Ҳǵˣʱ˺ܶ࣬ʲôҲû˵ֿ
ȥһ£ӮѩһʱͺҶСһҶС룬߻ôˣǰͷôϴڼ
ӮѩÿغҶСòͣ衢ʲӡϲӣи۽Լʶ˳ţͦĬġӮѩ˵ʱ˵ضðҲ֪Ϊʲôںϲ˵һǰĻ
Ȼ󲿷ʱ䣬ӮѩǰһĿı׼żӿ飬һֵëûµʱ֣ؿ
ҶСÿζ˼ǰûÿα֣һֺ̤ʵĸоûз
ҲûָоʱֻҪսͻţƴ
ҶСָĺܺãӮѩ˵Ժȥϴˡ
£㸸ʿǽұΪ͵Ůˡ
⸮Ҳǣ⸮ӦñҪɡ
ҺҪҶС۾ʣŮϴӣʲô㸸֪˲㡣
ΪҸʻǵ˵ĻԺһںԺתתɡҪ˭æҲܲš
ҶС˵Ҳ֪˻ôҡ
Ϊ˻ô㣬ڸʱҲˣĴθΪ˼㡣
ҶСΣһΪĺءǺܼǶƤЦһһеö໶֪ҾȥšĶ䣺պ̫࣬㵱ңҽҪúʰС
Ӯѩ㱻Ц΢΢˵ҽƽܼһ
ҶСæ֣£Ϊǳ𰡣ҲôС۵ˡ
Ӯѩؿûлش𡣷·һˮɽͣǰϢࡣ
ôͻȻúᣡҶСЩ˼ܿĿ˵£Тҹˣ˵ԽԽˣǷҲĳԺֻԵϰյ˵ǣǻᱨġ
ӮѩҶС˵У֪°˲æҲԽԽˣԺҪ⡢ҪƥҪҪʲôɣǶõĸ¡
ô¸ҡ
ôô룬ǲͼرǱľ֮Ҳ֪ûʲôԱġ
а㲻𣿺˯õĻرӮѩ˵

43

ô˵ˡҶСһŭı, Ӯε˪Ц
ľͲҪˣһɣҿϲԡ
ð, ʵ˵ص㣬ҶС֣µ˵, ֵ֪ܶҲ, ϣһ档֪Һܾûм, Ҳһ
ãʲôʱȥû뵽Ӯѩô׵شӦˡ
ҶСЦ˵, ҲҪȥʵԷȾƣΪ϶, Ҫȥ, һܿġ
ҳ, ΪԷȾƣǵ㲻ȫ
ô᲻ȫأ˹ţֵһ·ͬҡô, һȥ, õġҶСٺٵЦ
һ˻ʹ, ܿʻӮһ¾¥¥ΪʲôС, ˵³΢µ֡ⷢչĺܿ, Ӯµĵ¥ȻȲϻʼҾ¥Ѿˡ
ҶС͵͵, ߻ӿǸҾ΢΢ҡҡͷһﳰЦǡ
¥ſھۼ˰ٺˣӭ߻ӺҶСĹ١١³΢ͩվǰ棬ͣ
ӭ߻ӵ´ݹ١³΢ĻҪӭӹ
Ӯѩ˵Ҷдҡ
ٺ˶
ͩסҶСС㣬ΪⱲӶˡ֪Ҷôô
ҶСο˵Ҷĵģô޿䣬ҪȻӰ˴¡ָᡣ
ܹͩԣЦˣ֪ǸˣǴϲӡ
˶˾¥ͩ˵С㣬³óԵģǵǰÿ춼óԵģþûгԵʳˡ
ҶСı˵úãֻһˣǸ׾Ѽ
ͩ˵˵һôУСϲԵĲˣҶҪСԣҪСÿ춼ͩ˵տĵȥԺĳ
¥ͣӪҵһ죬רΪ߻ӺҶСӷϴڷʮֵܣҶ˵˵һ仰
ҶСЩ˼Сûôĳ˵ʲôƻȻҪǻȭǵʲãʵ˵Ҳ˵˵ɡ
ֺ˵һ仰ɡ
Ӯѩ˵λֵܣóԵĳԣúȵĺȡ͵˵ˡ
˶˵أҶСһЦǱˣѵ˵ô໰
ף߻ǽԣӲ˵֣ǻ׹еӡ
ٴֵվٿһҪмǵ£Ҫûн죬ҪڶǶͷ£Ⱳӣﶼ˻졣
³΢һ£˻죬Ψհ
Ц˵ҪлĵڶˣӣҲõİ
³΢־һ£ãɡ
Ц˵΢Ϊʲôϴ˵
ҶСæ˵磬ĻҶˣ㲻һҪ𣬴һۿң˭ϲҡ
ҺôЦֻӮѩһȻûб顣ҶС˵ô°ܲһֳա
Ӯѩ˵ûҵһۿ㣬Ҿϲ㡣
䲻һ仰Ҷˣ³΢æ˵Ҳ͵һҵһۿ㣬Ҿϲ㡣
ʱҶ˵ҵһۿҾϲ㡣
ҶС˵ǲǹģҪǲǡվһ׾ƣеĻھ棬˭ȺþͲֵܡҶСܺȾƣҶ֪ġ
ǴҶٱͬｻ
һᣬһӵǰҶСĶ˵ͩ˵
ҶС˵£ȥһͩӮѩ˵ͷ
ͳӵ˺ԺһȻر塣ҶСʲôȻֻһҵʹתоԼ˱Ͳʡˡ
һʯ쾪Ļ쳹ϴ󣬰!
ʱһƬţӮѩȻԣﾾһµۡ
ټ˵Ұ
ֳҳһţ³΢˵侲һ㣬֪ôأҪҡ
ʱͩ߸˵ضһľտżϢ˲仨ʧɫľĸ˶ʱˤ顣
磬﷢ȫǵѰҶС䣬ȴѶ
Ӯѩ簲ȥƽ̲ȫӮŹÿһڣڹⶺһ죬ҹ˲ŻصѩŵҲҶСⱲӹƶİ
ӮѩǳۣԱ߾˯ˣϾˣѯƣ̲Ϣˡ
£Ϣһɣ̲һϢͨ
˵ڶϣӮѩЩһ˺üΣûϢ
һնӮѩ˵ꡣ
ʹܿȾϼĽ⣬ʯϣ½½߹Ů̫ࡣ
Ӯε˪ԱϹϾһ
Ӯε˪Żͼ˼ţֱǰȥ
һϳ˵ȫǶѰҶСξͲˣʱȻֵ
صܼ˵ȥʺѧϰˡ
ůﻻӣȴʲô
һⴲϵ˲ҶС˯š
ʤ
һʱȫǶѰҶС£վ￴һֵǵϡ䱦
ִ˴ͷֵͷա
ΪʲôҶСӮε˪ģΪʲôҪô޷ѹĵУ뱧촽塣
ֱʱҶСˣһǷӮε˪æջ֡
ҶС۾
Ӯε˪æȵʣ£ô
Ӯε˪ȻǸ˪ֺüԵı飬ش˵Ҫ㣬ôҵůء
ů˵Ҳ֪͵ң˯Ĵϣһ˴
Ӯε˪ʣ֪⵽׷ʲô
ҼǵúȾƵʱ˵ͩңҸȥȻεˡҶСŬţּæ˵£Բھߡ
Ӯε˪˵һȣڲߡ
£ǲǻʲôԸ
ҡڴҵůȥҪʲôô죬ȫǶ㣬ڿ治ˡ
ô
Ӯε˪һȡһ·ǼҶ·㻻һ¾ͻȥƣû㡣
ã£ҶС·͹ƣʲôһ·ѵر𡣡
Ӯε˪ɫͱˣڻģҸ˵ҺĶԹû˽أ㲻ҪΪҾԭ㣬Ҹ㣬ҪЩõֶƭҡ
ʣҶСضҪ绤ҲʲôǵõֶΡ
Ӯε˪һһۣΪһŹҪӮѩһ޷һĵ
ҶСȫû뵽Ǵⱻ˵յļı˵˼ǣϴαͱ˵Һ߻ƵļıΪʲôҪô롣
Ϊ㣬ֻҲܷңҪЮңҸ˵ƭһƭ˵ڶء

44

ҶСӦ, Ҵûƭ㣬ǴҲ֪ǰɿɹƭ, ֪㲻ԭңһûдԼԭ¡˪, Ϊúί
㡭ӮѩŭĿԲ, ڸҺ˵, ȷ㣬һкܶɱ㣬ԶҪ
, Ҫ·ˣرһ¡ҶС侲ĺǰ, ֻ, Ե޹ů, Ҳŵ²ô֪϶СȺ£Ժעⰲȫһ·ߡ
Ӯε˪ûлӦ, ɫƽ, ůſȥ, վſڱ档
ҶСһ·
棬ϵ, ˻ˣ
Ӯε˪ת˵, ˡ
ҶСߵðæüҶӵסԼղҲ֪˶١
Ӯε˪ĮȻ, ָŴľ˵㵽ҰٿĪ档
æ򿪹ţ˽ȥȫ·˱ǡ
Ҳֻ뿪·ĵ͵
ܿ촫˵๫ô⣬ȥ㿴ʲôⶼǻʺҵġ
Ӯε˪ĿޣƯû뵽ô졣㿴Ժ
˵๫һкܶ˵º˵ŵʱ˵ɡ
˻δȥ
˵£ôųҸ·ĽŲ
ãѵҪӣҶСĶɤۡ
Ӯε˪æ˵ˣͦõģеˡ
У⻻·Ŷ೤ʱ䣬˵һкܶ໰Ҫ๫˵ء
ۣ˲ʱʹˣҶСס·
˵˲ף˼ڷҶҶ
Ӯε˪סʣʲô飿ֶ¹˵ҶʲôʱҼңǲ͵ʲô
·˿ˣӮε˪𣬡Ӯε˪ʱˣ㻹ƭңȫǶҶȻû뵽˼㵽ʲôҪȥ߸ʣҪ룡
Ӯε˪ץסͣˣ治Ҳ֪ҶΪʲôůĲ֪
ҶСæ⣺ңǱС˺ģ޹أȻܺĲ֪¡
ǺƭңȻ˵ôûʡ˿ܴҲܴ˦Ӯε˪֣ů
Ӯε˪վڹǰɱڣǳ⣺ֱɥǣ㺦ңҳҪɱ㣡תͳ˳ȥ
ҶСæ˼Ҷ·취Ū˸װԼ·ʾƣſڹȻû衣
ͷҴææػصѩŵһͶ溰Ҷˡ
û뵽ֳôĶȫҶСæ˵Ҫ˴硣
˵ҶһһҹϢأ㻹ȥ
ȻůӮѩվſڡҶСǰȥ˵£ǲǺܵģ
֪ӮѩȻסˡҶСæ˵£Ҳ֪ΪʲôǣҲ֪˭Ҫң֪ܵģҲصߡ
û¾ͺˡ촽ȥ촽ˣʯ硣
ҶСһͷ£вУƻء
˽ůӮѩ˵Ʋˡ
㣬ôռ˱ˡڲڶСøʵ㡣
Ӯε˪˵ұ˯һᣬû˯á
ˣûûˣȻͩɵˡ
ģѾȥˡ
˵Ƕң£ԺҪô󶯾ұϾһһŮȫµô㡣
ȫµôҶҪҪôҡ
ҶС˵ô㣿Ҳÿ㣬ʲôÿġ
棬Ϣԣִ˿Ķ䣬գÿһδ鲻Խز
챦Ӯ۴˸ǷϢһᣬ֪͵˵ǰ˿˵ʣһҪΪ
Ӯ۲첻ѣæʣˣ˭۸ˣô޳
˳˵Ӯε˪ˣҶůҪ룡
һӶţݲؽ룿Ӯ۵˯̼ȫɢȥվŭʣӮε˪ġ
⻹м٣ۿģҶҪ·һ롣
Ӯһ̵Σ𣺡Ӯε˪Ǹ󵽴
̫Ӧӵ¾⣬
Ӯε˪ԼԼߵǰ򵹣Դŵ棬˵ҡ
мԴģѹ˳Ե˭Ե˭һߺһһ̨ı
ӵĿУӮε˪ҲʧʹޣʣӮε˪д顣ϳسҶҸ֪ҶůУһСݺҡǹ˹ţŷҶʱҲ𾪣Ҳ֪ʲôʱ͵ů֪ٿĪ磬ԽԼˣ븸ʺ͹ھͿҵԴ֤ҵס
˵ĿԽԽСˣӮε˪˵ε˪㷢ģж㲻꣬㻹ǵҪҺ룬ⱲӾҲ㣬ǹĶ飬ҵԡ
˿޵ĺС·ѾԭӮε˪Ӯۿ˳˵ҿҶǸ͵ů󣬹Ҽɣٿǿǡ
˴ģֻ˵ʣ˲ǣھؼңĸòġ˵ֿˡ
Ӯ˵޿Т˳ĹףֻǺܿˣҲҪŻȥһϾ͹ȥˣ굩ε˪һȥݼĸĸ󡣡
ڿޣ˵֪ί˿࣬ȵʺסգӮε˪֪ĺãٻȥС
Ӯ۵ĿĹȰˣ˵ǸʶҺãиҪ󡣡
ʲôҪ˵һ쵽
ҧгݣҪҶͷȻҲӮε˪õġ
Ӯæ˵ããһŮͷ͸ȥȡ͵ʺǡģ͹ʺϢ
ڿˣŮ˹
ӮһӮε˪Ӯε˪ʹӮѵ˵Ϊʲôܺ͹úõģһҶ㲻ãʲô£Ҫ˿ϲ㣬޸ͲῼǵĻ£Ҫ˸ϻس¹Ĺɣ
ʣ֪ˣԺٶԹãԶһл
ȥɡӮֶ˵ȥҶͷ
ЩΪѣӮۣ£Ҷ߻أ
Ӯ۵ĺ۾һҵˣѩŵ㴫޵ּ⣬ҪƶͷװأӮĴ챦ʲôֹ˵װء
ڿһӣװĺӣ˵װ档
ĺװһŮͷæ˵£ʹá
ʹã޽첻ҲҪˡ
Ӯε˪СʣʵҶҲûôɺޡ
Ӯۿ˿ô㻹ģ㻹ġźӴ
Ӯε˪æ˵˼ǣһȫʬ
ọ̀!ӮۿӮε˪뿪ֶ˵ѩҪΪ㣬ͺ˵ӾͲҪˡҲںһŮ

45

ּ, ˼̫ϵѩŵֱůӮѩҶСڸּ
˵, ū, ¿ƿ𡣡̫ù̺Сƿ˵, , ˵ҪҶȥ
ƵƱ˵ɡ
Ӯѩվ, ʣΪʲôҪɱ
˵˵˹ҪӺ룬ҶϵĪ, ΪѺ, ֻҶ
Ҷ˵ṫ, 㲻˵ʵǲҪɱҡ
һۣһŮʲô˵ķݶ
Ӯѩ˵ūţֻû˵ķݡ
Ҳֹһ߻ǳ˱Ÿ, Ц˵, ⶼǱµ˼, »˵ˣҶ, ͷ­Ҫװ
С̫ཫӳ
ӮѩЦһʵǺĬ, ɱˣҪԴ
Ӳʩ£½췢˺ܴĻ, ˵Ҷͷ­ͲҪˡ¶˵ôĵĻˡ˵Ҳ֪۰ˣǧҪͱֳʲôìܰ
Ӯѩĵ˵ǲǻ˵Ҫͬ⣬ұˣ
һΣԣȷʵô˵
ôУȥɡ
µ˼ǣ
Ҳˣ
ˣ£ôҲ˵ӵжΪӣ»ҶԱµƢضҪնɱҶûԴҶص˶ᱻժԴǿɲһԴǼٿԴ޳ͷ֮գһӾ乬꣬𡣡
Ѿˣظ°ɡ
ҶСڵʹĵ˵£㲻£Ҷ̫ˣȻҪɱңģûҪٰǰ;Ҳϡһ룬Ժ󻹻ӣÿͻңûôã㻹ûӦ緢˰Ժ檣߸߹ǵ˽Ҷ𡣡
̾㿴ҶﵹǸˡ
ҶСһᣬӮѩǲǻԥҵȵģҲҪҺܸУҺ˵ȷʵҸоʹһǴҵƽɣûдɣＸٺˣܲܿȥ
Ӯѩһ仰Ҳû˵ҲûȥӮѩһƣҶҪȥ¡ūţɣҺȥ¡
˵ãȻ¶˾ˣūȥ
ѾӹͽҶСˣû뵽ôûôƯ
ҶСһ£޲ֻ˵£ĲҪӵˣ㲻ҪҿɲܣＸٺ˵ô죿
Ӯѩסһ£˵Ҫôһ裬Ҫôһ
񿴵ܵĶæӣ˵컯֮£ǲ
ʱƵʱ֣Ӯѻޣ˱ϣһ˵£ߵˡ
Ӯ˵ôµ˯
˵㣬һӶ˯š
ɡӮ۽һӣڴϡ
Ӯѩ¹򣬿˵û˯أ
Ӯ治ζֱĿϽһˮڣƾӮѩˣʲôҲŹҶ
ãӮĳѩ֪ҪȻˣүġūţƸ
ӣ˳ȥ
Ӯѩϣֱ˵ڣϣҳװɡ
Ӯ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʹʶѪˣҲһܵˣҵǵҪɱˣûһҽûɱһҪɱɱĲʣôˣǶӦ֪ҵƢ
ǰûɱҶǬϣҶںڣȻҳɱҶҶǬϵŮҲŹӮһУҶε˪ĽʧԼǵ޷̵ġ
ϣҵ⣬֮䣬Ů·˵Ͷ㲻ܴɱϣܴԻ͵ҵ
˵㽫˻ʵۣӮŮȡ֮֮ߣһںһﳼ֮ŮһŮһջˮҶҲҪ׵⡣
ҲܴⷬӮѩӮ۰š
Ӯѩһƽش𣺡˵ĺеҲҲ˵ʵҰҶ
仰ʹӮ˲վоѪҺȼգҲô㲻ҪҪѩҶ̫ˡ
ȻҡΣæַԴȽžʧȥһƯ
Ӯѩˣ˿һ棬ӮѩһۣĶˡ
Ӯѩ˵ʣˣ㿴㣬ľǲıġ
ӮüӲ֤Լϵ׳ãҪΪԣҲ㣬ҲҿԷ㵽סҼȲЭҲҪɱҶ
Ӯѩʣ㻹ǵҲǸ˼ҵŮˡ㰮𣿡

ӮѩʣٸѡһΣᰮԼ𣿡
Ӯû뵽Ӯѩ£ѩ˼ΪһŮ˾ԺҪˣ˼ߣҪѡһΣͬѡ
Ϊڵÿһ죬֪ûһŮ˿ԴҲûٰϵڶŮˡ
Ӯѩ˵񵱳һٺͬѡʸʣӦôѡ񣿡
ӮɬץǿûˤȥƬ̣ص˵ѡһΣһһѡ񡣡
Ӯѩվһ񣺡ʣᣬҺһһڣҺҹԼҺ峿˼˲ߣҵĴ𰸡ʣϢѩŵʥּ
˵գַض򣺡ˡ
ӮѩıӰȥӮ۾صؿ:˼ߣĶӱ㻹ݣ̫ˣΪʲôҪ㣬㵹ˣôɸɾͷһϣѵѵ𡣡
ӮѩصůҶСһýأ۾ģ£ղҺýţĲƭ㣬ǰûôŹǴĴҲûôšһȥأ㶪Ҳܡ
Ӯѩ˿ζ˵ζ˵ôᶪ㲻ܣȥĶᶪ㡣
ҶСʣˣԺ᲻ңһ죬һһҲС
ףǰҼǵá
ҶС̧ͷǰʲôӡ
ǰһ⬻ˡ
ҶС۾ǲǾ̵㡣
⣬һʱѡ
㡭ҶСһı顣

46

ʹ, µ
ڽ˿̴ľϣһ
Ӯε˪˻ʺĹޣڵ, ˷ۺĵЬ
һѱһȰ˵
⸱ֻһδεذڳ⼸㲻ڼ, ҵ絶빫ȥɡ
Ҳȥ, 㲻Ҫҡһ޷ڻı
, ôܻȥ
ץסһ㲻ţѾ˵ˣҪҶͷС
ߵҪЮ, ʶû취
˻˦һݻӮε˪Ҳԭ㣬ȥɡ
ϾҪ, ˻굩ʱ, ҪЩ, ʱ֪ճ¹ҪŮӮε˪ԺӮ㡣
뵽, Ӯε˪뿪, Ծɹڵ, һ㲻ȥҾͲľġ
˳ȥӮε˪͵رסȣ, Ĳ, ĲںӮε˪ĸܡ
ǣҲںҪ֪, ǰжమ㣬Ҿжô㡣ն˵
ʺʱˣȰο˵ε˪Ȼȥһ˵˵ģֻҪûԲ飬˲ô㣬ֻҪĶȻҲĶ㡣
ŻʺˣӮε˪ڵʹĲѡ
붬ڵڻ¯ϿţѾҡӣ١
ĻӮĽյ衣
Ľ˵ϲ£˹ƴ룬߻ֺͱìܽѲٶԱʲôв
ӮĽĽȵ֣ϸĦҼĽڲͬʩСƣһ˫ߵܿԷ
£߻ӵǲ£ʦӽһЩʱղ̽ǸҶ˻죬˽ôܳɴ¡
ӮĽͷԶŮ鳤Ȼܳ£ߵܰС͹ƧĸȱĸһŮ˾һ㡣ֻϧһעǻȨƷʹʶƫǸԣгϢˡ
Ľ˵ĵ˵̬ȣ˶ӻо飬ȶҸȼ
Ҳĵģ֪ȶʲô취Ӯε˪Ȳ֪𰸡
ĽƲƲ죺£ӸΪһЩѡ
ӮĽҴ壬壬Ҳ粻͵ȵˣ͵һΣҾһΣҪ͵ҲҪȥ͵˵磬Ҳǿһȴֻ˵ȹ£ΩǴӣǿɱ̾
Ľ˵ȶãջȥ˹飬һɿ𣬾˵⼸սƽһʫ
ı£㾹Ȼó治ҼҹȶӮĽĽȵؿţ
ĽϣӮε˪ȥ˻ʺĹޡ
һӮεһŭ˵㻹ô˵ǲ㡣
Ӯε˪ڵϣ᣺ε˪⼸ղ跹˼ÿһĺãֻԼֻͨԼܻڡ
˱ĵһЦԼʫգ
Ӯε˪һ㶣ʫγԡ
ˣô֪ѵҪҽʫûѵҲҪ
ûʲôʫ˭ҥԣ
˰˵:ãҥԣӮε˪ȥһģ㲻Ҫˣһġ˵ᡣ
Ӯε˪ӲǲһҪ룿
ǣ˵
ʹһΣǲһҪ룿
Ӯε˪㻹Ҫ˵ٴΣ˵һǧ˵һҲҪ롣
ãӮε˪˵һ֣վָһ۾˵ָ췢ģȻ˵ԸҪҵıźá
һһϸʳָ졣˵ţһѶ̵ͽʳָˡ
ָ
ŵĵ飬ȥסӮε˪˵ǲǷˣǲǷˡ
Ѫһһδ˵ȹϣɫ·ȾһƬ졣
˴󺰣ţţҽҽ
һᣬӮε˪ҽϢʳָĶָϵȵĽҩҽ˵µûˡ
û£û£ƿڴ
ʺ˵ǶȥɡҽǷ׷˳ȥʺ˵㾲һᣬҪѹε˪׵ģҲǡ
ֻ᷿ʣ˺Ӯε˪ˣӮε˪̫Ѫ԰ף麹죬˿޿ëá
Ӯε˪Ѫԭ𣿡
˵Ŀˣ๫ΪʲôôɵҴûҾԼԺ󲻻ˣ⣬Ҿ뿴ÿңҷϣ̹ҴˣҴˡ˵ſӮε˪ϴ
Ӯε˪öָķ˿ο˵ˣˣ˲ҪޣҪޡ
ҴˣӮһӣȴһָͷҺ㣬ԺǲӮһӣ˻صذ㣬˻㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳ㲻ġ˿ž˵һӮε˪Ҳ̲סЦĻ
صˣӮͬ죬Ϧҹ貵̻ûֹͣȾźҹĻ
ӮѩҶСֵĽͷ˵˵ЦЦ׼ȷ˵ҶСЦΪӮε˪Ц
һ̿һ̣һ·ණҲһѿļҶ
֬ˮʲôӮε˪ʡ
ԺôҪ£ȻǸ㶪
ʲôӣ
ҶСε˵ܿܿҾǷţҶ㻨ǮҲҪײҪ
㿴Ӯѩָһ˵
̫Сˣֵ˼ǮɣҲÿ
һ֣Ӯѩ˵ˣǵûȥˣɼǵҪ븸ʻʺԲҽؼҡ
ҶС˵˵ϦģȥԷȴҪȥع뷿̫ƽˣȥǹϦɡ
ҲáƣȥмƬҲ
ҶСԤı£Ķ͸ͩɣҷҲòţǸþƴȥС
ãùܼٸһݡ
£ҪһǮͩľǸҵģĲһݡҶСŷֽȰһֱ֣ǰܼҰ
áƣסҵĻӮε˪Ը꣬ˡ
ҶСص˼ңһشкڵѾסƺͬסһլլӵĸߴдš֡
סˡŮ˺ͺӡ˵ϵ̵ĻѾٶˣֱǸͥ
ҶС˵֬ˮǸͩģķıǸ³΢ģϵȺþǸٵģТ˽˵ǸõĺӣȻкóԵĶǸǡ
ǶΧҶСתҶСϲĲУЩǹ¶ҪǸĸǣǲ˽ͷҲ
˴ҶСʹͥԲ˶ƣ˵ǰ򸣡
صҶСҪͩױͩҪױ˱˴˶Ũױȥ԰ʱ³΢һ
ҶС˵ÿģ΢㿴ĸÿ
ͩ˵ôܸСأ
³΢˵ÿÿǴŮ
ôĻô˵ʫʰҶС˵
³΢˵һǾͻˣʲôʫʰҾһײ͵ˡ
ҶС˵д磬Тдӣæͷ˭˭Ⱦư顣
ٴ˼ֵܽˣЦ˵ӣ飬ǮˣľôȾôȡ㿴Ҵʲôٽȡֵ԰̧
ǴҶƱҶС˵Ҫǵͺˣϲȡ
ٱʣº𣿡
ҶС΢˵˵ˣǲһˣˡȾưɡ
󶼺ȵúˣ˯˻԰ľϣеֵ˻裬һҲ䡣
Ȼǻʹգ̻ϼһš
ҶСգԼҸ˯³΢ұ˯ͩٻţֵǻȭ
³΢Ѭ죬˵žƻϲ㣬ⱲҾΪ㣬ǿ
ͩҲ˵ҲС㣬ϲ㣬ⱲҶҪһ𡣡
ãҲϲǣԶֿ
ⱲӾĵطһԶ룬Σ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬˹ԭգ̲סЦˡ
վڻ԰ſڣҶСŷСӲվһϰɡ
ҶСͩ³΢ֱۺʹ֮ͷЩΣʣƣô⣿
˵Ҷˡ
ÿ硣ϴɡҶСϴһ֬ˮ۶ˣ룬УĨĴ֬ϴӮѩ˵һ붼
صԺӣſͩߣһ£ˣ˯һ㡣
ҶСߺ󲻾ãͩҲˣ³΢ϵĺӡ˵ͩ㱻˭ˡ
С㣬һС㡣ͩߵ˵Զϴ
ҶСţֵ˵һǸһǸ߻ӵġҶСˣӮѩؿ
ҶС˵£ûҲһ𣿡

ѽҵ͡ҶСָ촽ˡ
ĺܺÿҪŪҵ·
㡭ҶСһۡ

47

ת۾͵굩, ǡơգҸʼ
Ӯ¼գ˹֮졣
˵һλ, ȫõֽĿʨӼϷȶӮ͵Ժݡ
ҶСȥû뵽ӮѩҲͬ, ǰǴѩŵҶ·, ϱļҶ·ҲǺܿΡ
Ӯ͵Ժۼ˴ӻʵ۵Ů̫Լǧ, һʱƽַǳӮ۴չ⣬ϯˡ
ĹǱ, ǳ¹̫SS귽ʮ־¹崫, ˵˥, ԴҶ֪SǼҪλĵ
¹ӮĹϵ߹ʱǺ΢, ΢ҲһֱЯָңƩء롢͸
¹һС΢֪Լ岻ʱ, ͽ˼޸Ӯ, ԹŵλλǷͻ, ر߹ʱȻ¹ǿʢ, ¹Ȼǡ
Ӯһֱ¹, ӵλáϿǳ¹Ļ¹Ȼϣ̫ӵǻʱӮܹΪȶơ
߹ʱ¹ȷʵҶӮӮ, µצҲǲԵġ
ӮߣΪĲ࣬ϵΪСԳ¹̫ӮȻĿˣǲġ
̫SԳӮǿԼãסվͽúس¹ʡס
Ž˿ڹԺģϸüֻ֣Ƹţգ֮͸
ӮϯSɸӺƷϴͬ߾پƱҲͲͣ
Ӯε˪վ˵磬˺ε˪㾴һҪƸǻ֣˵ĹϵҶ֪ǳ¹߻ʺһһصĲˣǵĳƺҲΪܡ˵ΪӮɵҲΪԭ
SӦ°ɣҪ㣬ҵɾҲϲֱһ˲ţӮɻеڶӢò
˺ܿģȻûУε˪ӮΪ˵۹һģ˵ǰε˪˵Ӯε˪
Ӯε˪񣺡̫ӵº͹ˣҵ
Sʣ˵Ӯһ˭
Ӯε˪ǣ֪
Sʣ㲻֪ӮһӣӮһŮ֪SȻǺΪŮߡ
Ӯε˪ҲȻ֪ҪĴ𰸣ش𣺡̫ӵ£¹һӮ֮Ӯһˡ
SЦȻǺܿϾδ£Ҫͬıġ
˵ϷһƬ죬˵磬ô⡣
SЦŷʣûˣô˵Ĳ𣿡
һڵʱһõķΧ̫ӵ£Ҫ˵¹һǵȻ˹ĪҪӮһȴ顣
һ˵ķһ˲ǱˣĻӮĽӮĽ£˵Ҳڣֳ˵ֻǳʲôĿģϴڴҪҶһЩ󳼱˽˵ǲַˡ
һ仰S˵ıҵϡ顣SһҲһλӣ仯úܻ˵ȥһҪıɽһ
SȻõı仯ӮĽʣλλ
ӮĽδŴ񣺡̫ӵ£ĻӮĽ
Sʣղ˵Ӯһˣ˭һ֪𰸾ҪŪǸŮһ㡣
ӮĽƺг񣺡̫ӵ£仰Ӧһĸߵܡ
ĻӮε˪߻ӮѩSӮε˪ʣ֪
˵̫ѿˣ֪ҶһȥҶǰٶһƬƬļƬ
SάãһʳӳîǾԲݵġ
Ӯε˪һĭ޵ݣֲܲش̫ӵ⣬ΨΨŵŵ˵ĵ˵ˣҲֻ֪֪ˡ
áS⣬ʣ߻ӿڣ
һӰ£һĿĻӣʱ˵Ĵߴ£˹S֣ظһ䣺߻ӣҵ𣿡
߻Ҳ֪ûף֮û˵ʱSһȥĶظ⡣
ӮѩտSһֵۣ˵֪Ӯһ˭
֪SֿӮĽһۡӮĽ˵̫ӵ£ߵܶϲŮˣҶ
˵仰Sŭˣžһҵǰĵϣм衣ʱȫͣˣԺһǧ
˿ˣ˳ȥSվȥ׷һȺȥ׷ˡӮε˪ҲվȥˡS˵¡һûأ
Ӯε˪ܽţS˵Ļ˵Ŀʵ
Ӯε˪æͷѹú̫ܵͣӵ£ңأҶκιϹ̫ӵ¿ˡ
SѾˡ˵ʵǲġ͵ҽѺ½ܸʵĳʹɡ
Ӯε˪ϥأʹ˵̫ӵ£Ҷֻһ֮ԵʱŮװⶼǣǿġ˲飬ֻ֣ģ˵ļ֤иˣҵԴָ˵žͽϸƵĽɫߴʳָȡSչʾ
SǸָŭȻˣ˵ȥԻӡ֤ӮĽҶģ
ӮĽ˵̫ӵ£һ˴·ߣҶ
ãȥйS˵գ̫ʹ˸ոͣյŮ󣬵ԡ
ҶСֻݵģȫû뵽ԼᱻȥĲʮǧ˵ĻȻֻ֪趸ȻͣˣˣҲ֪ʲô顣
ҶС̫ൽ˹ԺģǻӺ󳼣߻ӮѩȻһ磬Ŀ
SʣҶҿȻһ˷ոͲزס
ҶСȫϡͿ֪ǳ¹̫ӣش𣺡̫ӵ£ҾҶ֪ʲô飿ΪӮѩ˼شʲô
S˵Ӯһˣ˵ʱ
ӮһˣҶСS߹һɾ޴ѹȸУæ˵ū澣С˲ҡ
S˵һñƵˣһͷںڵͷչʾǰٿģȻ޴磬Ǳ˵ҲҪһЩ
ϳ˵ŮӣɫŮһЩ΢С࣬ܵϳ¹һˣȻǿάġ
SˣҶֻһۣ֪Ʒ༫ѣҪǷŵҲŵǰУٱĳϲȻ˻ᴵӮһˡ
SҶûзҶСηηȳ¹ЩŮ˼һ㣬ʱһЩȤĵһЦƾʲôӮһˣ
ҶСһֱ⣬˵ʵҪ棬һʮַ꣬һ˸ʲôϵ˵Ӯѩ˵ء
ش˵̫ӵ£̫ˣҾƺҰ˸Ӳ£㿴Ľ㣬һǹɫ㣬ҾһùȥģģС
ָȻСֺٺЦһ£еĽš
Sһ㵹֪֮˭

48

ҶС֪⻰Ŀ, æ˵˹ǵȻͨȵģô, ԰һȺֻ, ɵ֡
˵ʵ˵뵽, ͱĵ, Ĳᣬֲò
SһӾͿˣʲô԰һȺ, ǵףһ䡰Ⱥõôѿ
S֣Ϊʲôȫ, ҲƽŮ˵, ǰŮ˶ſĽع
Sû, ˶óֱװŭӣ˵ҶԺ˭Ҫ˵Ӯһ, ҾժԴ
ʲô߼, ˵ʲô, ܹܵҶСžǷˡ
S˵Ǿ仰, û뿪, ǿҶСʲôƵġҲԼʲôط߹, ̧һֻ־Ȼȥ
ҶСŵòᣬʲô˰ôô컯Ŀô
ͷ㿪ϸһ˲䣬ͣҶС֣վһˣȻӮѩ
ӮѩһֻץסS󣬽ȥ˵һ䣺̫ӵ£ҵŮˣ
˶SǱģڻģһ̿ƵΣȻ˽ŮãȫԽ֪
ţSɱڣӮѩһˮκڡ
SڰˣȺˣһ¹󳼺Ӹ
ĻӮĽصڵûô˷ܣоĽֲԤڵ
Ľһ۾Ϳ˳ȻЦӯӯ˵£ϲ¡
ӮĽ˵ϲӺȶû뵽羹ȻĶָ˵컨׹ߵܣŸʶƫģΪΪֱSˣһĲ뿪Ӯ͵ӮĽ˵Ѿϡ
ĽȸƣˮιԡĽЦ˵⻹ֵø𣿡
ӮĽ֪ʣ㵹˵˵б£Ľȸȡ
Ľ˵SһˣǾǶˡ֪塯𣬹ŲƣΪ֮¾ִߣ߻ӷΪӪΪɡ˫ɱ¾ͶӵˣȻʱһЩǿһۣһѵӦø𣿡
ӮĽȻû壬ǾúȤȷʵЩǰȴһʧҲûУⱾӮҰĽһǵˡ
һ¾ץסĽѩϸ۵ֱͷ˵
Ľ˵£ֻҪ¹岻Ｔɣ˶ӣһŸ߻صסҶҶˣӵĳ޿ⱲҲˡ߻ܱƫģ²ݲܣֻҪǶȥ֮ɡ
ӮĽЦѾʤˣ߻ͷѪӣԼǵʬϱӡ
£ʦš
ʲôţӮĽֹͣ˷Ц
ʦ˵SӮһǳõӦѸٿ£Sδһϳ¹ˣǰӮǼˣɫһδ飬鲻һӣҪһҪϣҪǻҪٰ˳ӡĽȴݰףÿһֶ˺ҧӮĽ񾭡
ӮĽط飬ָоܾûйˣS磬Լҳ̬ȣԼһ׵ҪȮ̬ȡ
û뵽SĸˣSӮĽӡ̣˲ҪҵڽҶֵܣνն
óֶΣҪ׵ö࣬ӸһδĺûкôģȻѾ˵ķǲһӮʵۡ
˶ӮĽʼûбֵôͽֺãһ鲻䷳ƣƺЩͶԵȵʱӮĽ˵̫ӵ£ҿóȱһˣӮ㻹أĹﵱһūÿ̢һָоǶôˬ찡
SҲû뵽ӮĽֶôЩϲӮˡ
ӮĽ˵ҶᵽѾߣж켣ֽ档˵ŽһݵķĿֽƸ
Sû뵽ֽȻһ˿˷ܡ˵ãˡ
ӮĽ˵֪̫ӵӮʶ˲࣬Ľȴʶ£Ľ£׿죬Ѳδ֮
S޷صϲãɲɣһһ˵ǳ¹θ˵¡
ӮĽSƣ˵ĽԸΪִƣֻ賩¼ɡ
С̫ˡSռӡȲˣ
ڶ죬ԼS档ջȥԺ󣬱ŲˡԼ棬֪к¡
ŵ˪˾ſͷ磬˹ĺÿడ
SǳۣС۵ģ˵ãǲӮε˪С۸ˣ͸˵
˽εεأ磬ε˪ûдҺܺá
˭
˵ǸҶһӮ߻Եתءһδֿˡ
˵SЩˡ
Ҽε˪ֶǼδŮ֪ܣҶ˼˵ĶоƤʵݣֻ߻ӳһëá˵S۵ʮܡ
SϸҶû뵽һš澹Ȼô񶾵ĳİ̾ϢһãĺˣһΪҶһ
磬ҪҶ㲻ڹԶԶģԽԶԽãһڹ棬ԺŶ¡˻ϴɱҶԵ޹ʵػˣ;ˣǴοڹŸ
ҶǧĵطܻŻ
÷ģһԴǡ
ٴζͷңһ뵽ǰνƻε˪Ҿͺ֮ǡ
SصӮʱۡʱ£Ҷˡ
ãSʹʻȥһֱʻСͣ
һȺӷɱȫ˴磬ʱ£ǳ¹ٱǰ£Ѿˡ˱S˽ȥ
ӻSһֱǰʻȥS⿪ӣһ˱ǣְǿҶСӶ¶˳ֻ˯úܳϷ
ҶСӺǼҲЩǿһӴS룬ǽɱɽҰ֮Уǽͻس¹ء
óһѵҪĺʱҶС˼ͣȻ뷨õӸֽŵӣȻᱡ

49

óһѵ, ҪĺʱҶС˼ͣ, Ȼ뷨õӸֽŵӣȻᱡ
ǷˡŽ, ˵Ļ, Ҫɱ
ع, ʶ˵Ļô׼Ů˾Ǹٴ, ס°ִͣ۵ͷֻһͿԽͷ
ʱȻһζ, Sվ, Ȼ, һô£
ĹٱӦ£ݽһˣϾƳ
ҶСҡӺȻȥ, ͷһӾײĺ, һ¾۵ˡ
ۿS, ﲻѣ̫ӵ£ģ
S˵Ȼ, Ҳʵ, ȥһطͷ­ͷ
ôֲҶСæʣҪɱң
, ң˵ֻҪ˵ӮˣҾͻɱ㡣
ֱҶСֱظ
S˵Ȼһ뽫س¹ҵūڻЩԥ
ҶС˵ȥˡ
ôȲҵūҲûʲôãҽȥ飬û֫ѣȻţÿͿ㣬ò塣
ҶСһ˵һ̫ӣ˵ĻҾúܶġ
Sս˵Ĳ
ҶС˵ҾĥߴһΪʲôôĥߴ
㡭
ǣ벻һƲɡҶСٴΰһۣˡ
S룬ⱲӴûһ˸Һô˵
ԽԽˣΪʲôһʼͲͲȷʵĥߴǰɱǲ
ݣͲҪɱҶ¹ʿҲɱһٸҶ
ƺڴԺ˵ʲôʲôΪʲôһڴ
ԼҲţûôѪˣ˵Ҿˣ㻹ҵū!
㲻øҡ
ܲܺú˵
ܣҾҶûκκøСãһ·ɫ
ңҲҾͻٲ顣Sʼ»ʽصΣԼԼ
ܣҲ㡣
SҪץͷˣõĲӣһǿ·һ
һ˶Ŀ־壬޶ãôһҪˡ
ʵ벻ʲô÷ſ˹ȥҧһҶСȻһ
S˵ʲô
ҶС˵̫ӣԼˣ
SҧгݡƺඥһֵĸоһĪĸооԼϲŮˡ
Լûãָо˷ܡѪҺڡڸոҧʱ;Լָо
˿ʼ˳ĬҶС˵Ҳ˵Sɱ᲻ɱ
˵£ǻ߶Զ
S˵·ߡ
صߣܿҪˣɽķЩһᣬֻðزҽС
Sʣôˣ
֪һ֧һSֱ϶ʱмˣȴСȸëС
SȻǰһھ͵ˡ
ѵɽҶСæſȥҧϵǰѶ̵ϵӽ⿪ˣȥ˽ϵӡ
ͣһҲûУ֪ʲô
ţ㻹𣿡һ۵
һСʨӣû뵽СʨӾȫˣԶСʨӺĸ˾վ
ҶСǰʣô
Сʨ˵ǵȻŵġ
ҶСһ£˵SҪڳ¹Ӯһҡ
Сʨ˵S۸㣬ѵӦ𡣡
ҶСˣ֪Sˣᷢʲô
Сʨ˵ȻŲƿҩɡ˵ŵݸҶСһɫСƿӣֲ˵˽ҩʱͻѡ
ã֪ˣСʨӣлл㡣Ҳһ⡣
ʰɡ
ϴΣһ͸ˣǻǲ⣬𡣡
Сʨ˵ţҾǸģѾ˶Բ飬һл˵վóһѵͱԼš
СʨӣҶСæסһССȥСʨƴһ˵ţҵܵСӣ硣
ҶСžžµҴûйֹ㣬ǲǸɵӣôôɵ䡣
ӵؿһֻʮĺӣ˯ȥ̲סʹޡ
Աһ˵ţСʨѾʹҪȥˡ
ҶСǺУʲôʹΪʲôôѪǸӡ
ţǶʹʱ
ҶСˣ˵ǲǵţǲǣ
ĸ˶Ӧǣš
ҵĻ
Ȼ
ҶСǣӽ쿪ʼǶҪţӮÿһǰҵĻǣӽ쿪ʼǶҪúûţǾҲҪңҲǡ
ĸһ˵ţǶ֪ˡǱСʨӣʧ
ҶСͣûĹԼҪҲûôѹSҪСʨҲͲţ˼䡣
ϸĵؽֱ۵İ˳ֽҩҲֱ֣ϵѪںýؾͺˡ
ҶСӮǸϣʱ͵˽Ƶʱ֡һƫܵĺͬиҩ꣬Ǹϰһ۾ϳѣ˵ڻˣҶء
иӣҰһ¡
˵
ҶС΢΢һЦ⸽иѸϽѸٽӵ·ϣмǣҪñٱܡ
ϰƺͬ飺˺ж𰡣Ҳ֪Ѹʲôˣ
ҵ˼
İɣ֤ܲ͸硣
SˣְһȥҶСȻʧ٣ٴηȫȷʵû뵽ҶСӮǡ
ܵúܿ죬ҶСӮѩᵣģһ͵˹ſڣֵ˵߻ſڵء
𣿡ҶСȥӮѩһѱ
ҶСͷĻӮѩ˵Ǹûؼˡ
㶼ҷʲô𡣡
ǶˡӮѩػش
˰Ҫ
Ӯѩű޶ı飬ֻ´棺ұ㣬㿴ǡ
㿴ǲǱǣ£ҵ۾ûǡôо۾ﶼءҶС˵ͣ
Ӯѩֻ˵һ֣ã
ҶСľľؿֻ־˦ȥһı顣
Ӯѩ˵һ֣
ҶСһ㿴һǣǲв

50

ҹһ롣
SԺ˹, ǰ龰ŵˣһٽŮˣŰ, վǰһ, һ, ģ, ģǰһ
S֪֫, ţ֪˭һ£һɱ, ɱ㡣
ѸһĻ, ˷, һӾʹϡSŷ֣ԼȫǹġѸ촽˵ɣ, úź㡣
Ҫ, Ҫ, һɱ㣬һɱ㡣һٽѹϡ
Ѹˣ, ɤӽ, ˷
ӣ
žžžһر̢
ٴʱʹ, Լ˯ڴֵһȺΧſأSҪˣҶһҪɱ㡣ϵ˾Ϳһ˱·ܡ
Sصʱۡһһԡһһزӣľ㣬мˮͳͳšһֱһ˵֣ɱϾ۹
һᣬ˵ǸˡSһ¾ͳˣ˿ήҵӣʣ磬û˯𣿡S֪϶ͬӮĹԱҹˣͿżɽ˵ĿģҶôţ
SݻڴãɱҶĲΪˡ
Sһ̬ӣЩ죺磬ôˣǲˡ
Sϣһֱ۾ʱ̧ͷһˣ˵û£ԡ˴죬
Թ㻹дʱԡҪس¹ˣҶô죿
SڴΪҲҶԽԽˣҸойǿ
ǿ˵߻ӣ߻ӾǸϲ񡣡
SЩˣã̫˼ˡҪô򵥣͵ˡҵʮǳ¹Ļһգ۾ˣҲҲˡǸٽŮˣһƤ
˿SЩԾæοôˣ׷ʲô飬߳Ƶĳ¹̫ӣѵҪı㲻ɡ
ʱһˣſ񣺡£ʺˡ
SųôдŸӮڹӱŹҲҪ죬ĸдšչһԭĸǳ˼ˣҪӮˣٻس̡
S˵ĸˡ
˶ʱ۾ͺˣҲĸˡӮε˪ɻСûлؼңʵ߻ʺһֱŸҪؼҿһֱӮε˪һֱͰ¸ˡ
ÿ굩ŮǱҪ̽ģ߹ףԸ߻ʺؼҲǺġθ߻ʺSӮְ˼ǧʿͣ˵Ůӣһίһ˿˺
S˵ãһͺһȥ
ãҪٻؼҿĸҾǸТŮ
S˵ļ˵ģӳ¹һ㰲һ¡֪µһ֯ɱ츥ݣ뿪ɱԺЧڸʣһ븸Ӯػİȫ
磬㲻õҵİȫε˪أ
仰Sǻŭ𣺡㲻ҪƭңӮӮĽѾˣϼ֪Ӯ۸ʵ˵ʲô˵һС͵ʧڲ֪ӮкܶవصΣգ㼫䲻ӮСڣûٸҶ㡣
磬ϼ飬ܸоҶйأֺҡ
Ҷһ͸˵˳ɱҶиŮ㲻ҪСͬ⣬Ļ㲻ҪʹСһ󸸻ʣҲ븥ҵæ
磬Ϊҵôࡣ˵ͷȥSϥǣ۾˺ܶõ¡
S˵㷢һ˫ֲͣĦںСʱ˯һ˯龰¶ȷ·һġ
ⱲȨ޿󣬵ñԼءSº͵˵ɵãˣҲ˺
硭̵
Ӯε˪ڶձ˳¹˻ʺ󣬰Բϰף㷵Ӯ
˻ȷʵһˣһʮ߰Ů鿴飬ЦһѪ
ҪS˵ҪС˾Ҫһľͷߡ
S˵նΪһ顣
ص˪˶˵Ҹ˵㱾ºܴܲչʾһ¡
ն˵㿴Ǹƿ𡣡ָԶ
ҿˡ˻û˵꣬žһƿˡ
ŴͣS˵ĻˣʣϷǹ򣿡
ն˵ֻһС
˺˷ܣʣҵѾί𡣡
ԸΪһ顣
˱̽ʣɱһ𣿡
סһȥ졣ҵ˵ҿΪȥɱһˣʧܣһض۹ɱ˺Ҿͻ뿪㡣
ն˵ôף˽ŽɣȻղŻƿˣǾһϷأɱҶն߻ץˣôʱض𣬼ȫ¶ǺԼ뵽ݸһЦûˣûˣҾǿЦ
նȻһѪı飬˿һնʵ󲻵Ǹ˵ʲôˡ
Ӯ¹һסլطţïסǱˣҲ̫ע⣬Ǹݣµһ֯ɱĽ
ƽԱһϷﳤ˵
ʮǰ˽̹棬ɱʵϰոݵı£û˿ЩģòأԼ˼
ֺ;ɱ˵ԼԼţһֵˣû˿Զ
ӾɱԺ󣬴ƺһ飬ǾΪһؤ
һ˲ҲǺҪģһ£ǾһСŮǸСŮĸǳ¹٣ʵۣųն
ճ¹ɣʮĺҲҪͷСŮʱʮһ꣬Ǹݾͳ˶ͷ
ݾСŮԺõ˱ϣȻǸŹ㣬رǿԸݵӾ䡣
ݾΪŮ£ҲһʼֻǾ뿪
ˣֻһգգҲԽգǸݴûô롣ںʲôֻںķòóԡ
͢ٵŮû©֮㣬¹ȻŹÿνɱж顣
¹֪Ǹݣ֣֪ôˣնҲȫƽˣݾǷ˳¹һ飬Ӵ˾ͳ˳¹ϱ
Ȼû˵ǳ¹ϱ߹ʱĸȨ֯ƺȻԳ¹ɵҲٳɳ¹Ĺõ˽һǿ
߹ʱû˸˵ĸӢܸı˵ĸôӰôһǸݡȻ뿪˾ɱƺʹžɱ
ÿڰǰƷ裬ҿƷһ죬֮ȤֻʣƷˡ
˵ƷΨһȤôӦûرƷʣǣֻǵƷ裬ƺƷʱƷһֲһζ
΢縡ûκζ飬ΪƷĿȻˣ·ǾɱƷԸݣ˸Ҫ档
ݵʱ˶¹ˣһͬ˵

51

ݼƷ, Ⱥʹϸá
һ߸Ӻ˵֪ӮԸԽõɱɱ㣡ͺܱŤ, Ϊʲô
ԭܼ򵥣ΪڵľɱǸݵõܸͳ, ԴӸ뿪ɱԺ, Ծ͵˾ɱĽ֮λ
, ɱĽͽûĽݣһ̶ľ档
һɽݶԵȻǲϣݻŵġ
ȻƷ衣߸˵֪޷ɱ, ֻǸ߽滹˻ɱ㡣Ըлڽǰ˶ͳˡ
ݷ˱ӣ̴ľĺ, ڿˣǻ
˵ĵ벱һ紦, ͣ, Ϊ˭ҲҲݵĻݼ˵ǵðһ飬ǻȥ߸ԣԶصɱ, ҲҪɽͽ
, ȥˡ
Ĵɱ, ͷػᷢȻӷ, Ҳûа취, Ͼյͬۡ
ǰ˴ɱЩ΢縡պȻͿȻƷ衣ȻΪ¹ϱԺ, Ʒ裬Ҳһһٲ䣬г¹רϴ·һֱϱԭ
֮Уһ뷢԰׵߳ڿſڣƯеİ
û̧ͷѾ֪İӮѾΪһĪţİ϶֪ĸһЩ
Ĵ֯ɱĻ߶ӮƺһżȻҲһֱȻڤڤ֮ƶǡ
İڸݵĶ棬ԼԼ˲裬ӦѾѣ˭˽˭
İȿˣĳ߶һˮ
ݾٱͬ
İ˵ĳҹ󣬳µۡӮӦû̹죬ӮҲ߹ԻᷢûһӮܳΪ֮
˵ӮɲЩ顣
İ˵¹Ϊ̫ӳSӮ̫ӱ֮󣬴һֱδδӿӡĻӡ߻ӡ
˵ֻС£˳㽫µ۵Ķ˽һ¡ɱһɱ¾֯Ҳһ֪ر֯־ӦǸѪҺٹ̵ġ
İ˵ԻᣬĻӸգ߻ӸС
Ҳ˵ԻǸڵְ𡣡
Ȼ˵ԯޣֺ˵ͬһĬ
ӮǷֹӮ֮ң¹̫˳ǻİڴ˵Իľ档
˵˵ˣ˳ɱһˡ
Ҳⲻıģǳµ۵ıģµ֪ʱղ࣬޽һ죬ѷ
ݺţЦЦ˵ɱ˸ɱҾˡ
ɱҶİĮſ֮ʱһŮһɱĽɱһ޴Ůӡ
ƺ֤ԼףҲʶҶҲ֪ʲôҪ 
Ӯţڻɱİ˻Ƶģεѹ
û˵Ҫɱ
ܼ
֯ĴһһطֱɱɱҶС顣ʱҶСˣһǶǳԱŵˡ
վ棺ҪɱǻܣҿԺ˵Ҷɱұ㳹¹޹ء߰ɡ
İܿ͸룬Ǹݵ뷨ȴ͸µ֮УҪɱ˭أӮۡӡĻӡ߻ӣ
Բµޡ
Ӯε˪ӳ¹֮Ӯ۾ͼ˼֮󣬱ʣε˪ȥ¹˳¹𣿡
Ӯε˪˵г̺ܴæ¹ºæûټңǺټˡ
˵ô仰ʱӮ۵۾ûǰô
Ӯε˪ã׼ʹҳҲǾģһƺЩƣƣעЩʲô
Ӯε˪ش𣺡ӦǺ˼ʰɣر䣬Ҳô˵ġ
ãǸոջҪ˵顣Ӯ۲ݲݽ˱˴˵ĶԻƺЩˣʱӮ۵Ϣʱ䣬ӮһϢɣǷǳԼġ
Ӯε˪뿪ޣ֪ӮΪдһʣ䴫ŵĳµ岻ã֪ǲģѵǸʴԵɡ
ԲѩŵԺҫһ㡣 
ůĴ⣬ҡҷأʹڶȻǿӮѩ˵һӭŷѩ
ӮѩҶСգڶΪգʣԪ˵͸ʲôá
ҶСʲô˵ȥμԪڣһˡ
Ҳá
£ʲôʲô¡
Ҵû͹ˣҵһءӮѩЩ仯
ǵϴ޶ԻʱվȷԴӣ˥ϵļ֤
;£ʲôҶС΢Ц°
ҶСһӣӮѩ׶ðһۡ
ҶСϴϢˣһıӣ¶ӵ۾
ӮѩȻͬ˯һ
ⴲܹԶҶСÿ𴲶棬ÿð磬ӮѩһͿĴģȻʧЦ·ÿĶԴڴˡ
ҹҶС˯ˣëúƯӮѩվڴ߾ؿ
˵˯𣿡
ӮѩӣƽһŽ˵ǹһС̫ģҲû
Ӯѩصƻ£Ž׵ؿˡ
˵£ÿһжҶĳһţԺʱӻһҲǰɱҡУһɱ㣬粻ԼԵס͡ݡ
ɱɱ˷ʽǳòѪ飬ǱĹŵˣۻʵۺͲ񣬶һ
ɱΪµһ֯ƿ߹ʱĸһεĵ±ˣά߹ʱĵµߡ
ҪɱɱˣǷǳ̵ģһּ򵥵ķʽǣ߱ԼԷߵݱġ
ɱǼسŵģеȥʹȻʱûκһ˿Եֿɱ޾׷ɱ
¹˭ԸԼô߹ݻ
ˣҶС۾ĵһʱǿӮѩģÿţ;ͦĵġ
һҲûУͣǺ壬æ·ӣЬůתһȦףӮѩأ
һӾȥþײӮѩӮѩһֻ̧ϸߣһֻ롣
ҶСʣڸأصġ
Ӯѩ˵Էɡ
Ӯѩ˸ˣĸϲ˰ȵġ
ҶСֵؿһ顣Ҫףͦúȵġ¶ҲոպãȵһʲôҪҪһڡ
Ⱦͺˡ
ҶСȫ꣬ȫůǵ֭
԰ţӮѩָǽǵһ:ϲԵģϲĺþƣһ͵
мӣһϵȺûҶС˵˵£ġȥ
ȥٿɡ
ϲŻȥھҪ
ھͻȥ
£ʲô˼ҶСЦ䵭ˡ
ӮѩȻܵĮԺסɡ֪ͨ˰Т㡣
ҶСæʣΪʲôԺס
Ӯѩ˵ûɣʰһ¡
ҶСˣ£Ϊʲô˵ԭ𡣡
Ӯѩվůȥˡ
ҶСĮĮؿ뿪֪һʹ۽ǻ䡣

52

簢Т, ҶСӮѩƣȫ, ˺üѾ߼ҶˣһһڵӮѩ
ּ, , Тù, ҿТ̻ʣҶСһҲûг, ֵȵϣˣÿҶԲء
ҶС, ϵѤõ, ͵͵һ, ֲðТ͵͵Ĩˡ
ТʣֵǶڵԾأȥ𣿡
ҶСҲ֪ô, ͵ͷһ䣺ȥ!ԶˡȥԪ, Ҷ, ֱûԣ
Тһô, ǲǱ۸ˡ
ҶСȻʧػص, ÿ˶޾ɣҲ֪ôˡ
ͩæ
ҶСͱ۴ޣ²Ҫˣ²Ҫˣɱ, ȻҪҡ˵ǲǸǲǸ
ܾͩȣô᲻Ҫ㣬ǲǳˣˡ
ûУҺúõİаھ!ˣйؿޣͩ
С㣬Ҳͺأ㲻ǵÿζ㣬Ҳһ¥µ㡣
ۡҶСûôĹʱһˣʣôˡ
ͩ˵ǿȥϢɣС鲻ãҪ
ҶС޵ˣڴʣͩ˵ĲҪ𣿡
С㣬ͩܽؿĺɫͫӣǲǰ˵£ 
ûУ϶ûУҾܲƾʲôͲҪˣƾʲô
ͩϴϴţֲϰοûƵʱ־ͱ˯ˣþûкС˯
ʱůůģСϵṳ̊ܰʵҸ
ˮ챦ƽһԲӮۡʺӡӶڡ
Եǻʱ򣬱Ͼǻʵ۴٣Щﲻ̫¡أǱһ⡣
Ҳûʲô򣬸ӷ׷ĻӮĽ͵һ쵰ʯ˵ڴ϶ů
ֻʣӺ߻ûˣʵӮ۶߻ӮѩһڴûУΪǶһ仰壬Ҫҹ
ȻûڴӮѩĵߵǰȻûдʲôΣӮۿˡ
Ӯѩȥͷŵ棬ʼ޵ǽһ:ѩԲ㣬С̫ˣҲ£ģ㷢𣬵ءԺ󲻻ˣһҪ壬һҪٷŭ˯þһҪóģء
һ±Ƶı鵱УӮ۾ȻˣԴӷѩĸȥϿûһôĹֱĨĨᡣ
ʺҲˣӮ۵ʱѾĨȻҲû뵽Ӯۻޡ
˶û뵽ʱЩӾͶ޿
һԪڱ˭ҲûϵӮۻ˻֣ҪˣѩҲɡյˣ޺ο
Ӯѩʵԭλˣһ¾ãϷݵǾˣͺһĿޣô᲻ˡ
ֳ£ƴҶӮε˪ˡû뵽׼һݴ
¸գġ⣬űˡ
ŵʿܵڹ
һᣬ챦ʿҴҽ򱨣£췴ˡ
ڶʱӮ𾪣˭˭췴
Ӯε˪Ѹٳ嵽ſڴ˾ȥѹ
һᣬӮε˪˴ⷴȻǱɡ
Ӯ۳ȥһţȵ㾹Ȼ췴˭ָʹġ
һţ£ңǵĵµ
û˵꣬ӮѾûʣӮĽأĽأ
ӮĽŵɫȶˣӮǰƴ⣺ʣûУûС
ӮشͷȻվȣִֿÿһƵѪ
ڶʱһƬҽҽ
ӮѩæӮۣ뽫ޡӮ˵һ£һûأĽôģԪ췴
ŵƨڴ£ǵ˹ƺһֽ˵ݽҹɱ£ʱڹ
ƣӮĽæȥϵĹƣֲˡ
ӽùһֽһӮ۷侲ЩĽģ
ӮĽͫ󣬴⣺ûаʣûаʡһݣݣǼٵģ
ʱӮε˪һ仰ѹѹƵ˶㣺£һҲ˵ڹ
Ӯ۳ŭˣһӮĽؿڣը
ʣңҰӮĽֵغУ磬߸ʣǼٵģǼٵġ
Ӯε˪һĴȻ
ӮƴؿһѪҽҽû˻ں췴ٵ飬˶ΧӮۣ޾ҽ
ӮۻԲѣֻһ˵֣ѩѩ
Ӯѩ֣ȱ¶ȵ֣ˣ岻ˡˣȥ
Ӯε˪ı۰򣺡ѩȥģʻûء
Ӯѩ˵ʲôԣɡˡ
㡭Ӯε˪ŭТӣıӰԶȥʧ⣬Ӯε˪ȻһֵֺĸоһһֱֲĸоҲһֱεĻλˡ
һʱ˷ܵûӮۿкšѩָ֣оζӳµġ
ڻʹ¹Ⱦѩ׵ʯ·ϣӮѩУмûĿģûйɡ
ߵһߣдšء˸¹ӡںˮϣһرˮյһҶСǿ
ڶһ磬ҶСˣҲԵ޹ʵؾѣһ۾ͩ˵ͩȥǲˡ
ͩԺҶС£˵С㣬˯ȥ𴰻ӣһġҶСҡҡͷ
ҶСֻˣĻ˰ɣȻǾͲɣֲϲɱѩŵöˡ
һ룬᲻ãô°ѵϲˣܣܡ
С㣬˵ʲôܡ
ͩ˵һԺʲôأ
С㣬סˣͩϲѣðԺ˯һˡ
㣿ǲǸüˣ
С㣬˵ʲôأͩ죬ҶСĻﱧͩһӶ뿪㡣ңҾ㿴
ҶСЦ:ãԺӡ
飬С𣿡ͩˣôأ
ҶСҲˣֺȻЦ˵ǰôأҪȥ³΢
С㣬滵ͩȫˡ
ѩŵů󣬻ȼŻӣһֻݵͭǯľ̿һ㡣
Ӯѩһֽľ̿ϣ˲ͱɣ谵ůҲǺְܿȥ
ƣһѩ硣
£æ磬Ҫȥ𣿡
ƣȥŷһЩϾҪȥӮѩֽŻء
˵õģȥȡԵһᡣ
ƷɿȥŷȡϾ⣬һ߻ӲˣһҲӦֵůͷңֵԺʣ˵¡
߻ӳǱضҪģ߻Ӵɡϰˣ߻ɡҲϰˡû߻ǲᶪ¾Υϰߡ
Ƹ߻ʮ֮ãʱǸͯʱ˴˾˺꣬Ȼӣ߻ӴӲ˿Ȼˣ߻ӵ˽ȴֵһ㡣
߻ӲǶжϣǱ¼٣Ŀ±мпܵģָȥڹѯʣڹ̫Ӧ߻Ӳδڹڹ蹬ƣϸ¼ǲġ
ûȥڹѵȥȥҶС۲죬ԴҶС뿪ѩŵ߻ӱѻʱƣջ˵ϼ仰ձһ仰Ҳû˵˽һ䷢˼ġϾ⡱

53

һƥ, ȥ룬ҶСס, Ҳ߻Ӷȥӱ޵Ƽ˵⡣
ҶС˵, æſ, һż, ʣƣǲǵ½ģ
Ƽ˵ԭΪ, Լæˡ
ʲôҶСһ²ˣ˵˵ô¡
½ձţȴȻȥŷȡ, һʱ, Ѿȥ, ƽŵҲůұ˻ʳǣҲûеµӰӡ
˵ĺܼҶСҲżլ, ʱʱؾͻӮѩһ, Ȼƽ, ǰĸСƬΣͦ˼
, Щ˸, ҲӮѩʧѣҲ˵߾͸, һʱҲìܣһЩ
ʱ˵Ӯѩˣ˲ĲãﷴĵزУοҲҰοƣżǸˣ˵ͶҲء
˵Ҳô룬ֻ̫࣬Ҳǵĵ¡
ҪֵĴȿڲ裬ЪϢһ¡
˵ˣһعѰѰ£һأڹæңҵɸ֪ͨһ¡
ģǷͷ¡ҶСο뿪һȻʧȥʲôæаТԸһֵȥѰҡ
ȻȥҶСо鲻ԣӮѩ뿪ѩŵʱ͸оΣԽԽ֡
ص᷿ͩʰ·ҲһǳӣʣС㣬ôˡ𣿡
²ˡҶСȷʵЩżֱ˵˳
ͩһʱˣ
ҶСæŹͩͩҵĽء
ӣͩ£æȥңڹ˳ҶСƽʱãûϣʱȻ⡣
Ҳܰæ޷ӦûзӦֻͩؿ
ϲȻûзӦѵ뿪ֻ˵أⲻǶ
ƿӶش꣬ﹾ棺֣Ҫǿ鷳òá
˴ʮ£Ȼصһ᷿̻ƣһǺ˵ζҶСͩԵУڳˡ
ֺһһ˸ؿڣ˵СʲôҿǴӴԶġ
ҶС֣ǰһӾͳߣôܵԶⶼҪ飬æ˵֣ȷʵм£Ҫæ
С˵ɡֻڻ
ܲܰ߻ӣˡ
ޣӺں
ҶСεһЦڣ㻹˵Цأܲܰæ
áڴӦı鲼ӮһС֮ʱڣһҵ߻ӡ
ҶСʲôģǻĵСȲˣæ˵ã鷳ˣҵϢ
Сûб飬ˡ˵գصһһ̻ˣǺ˵ζ
ҶСűӣͩһֱľվǰӽЦˣЦͩôˡ
ңңͩô۾񻹲ŸղŷһС
ҶСլصȴʱʱֵܣûв鵽Ϣһֱػûκ߻ӵ١
ҶСЩţͩˮҲȡ
ڴʱصһǺǵζڳˡ
ҶСץסʣ֣ҵˡ
ֹصһЦҵˣӻá
ӻʲôط
סĵط
˭
ҲҶСɳʵףֱ˵˴𰸣һ仰Ҫɱ߻ӡ
ʲôҶСһ˵߻ȥݣȥ
ԵСֺ˵һƽ飬شҲûʲô
ҶСţ󺰡Тͩں׷С㣬С㣬ǲҪȥӻá
ҶС¥ܣתͷͩ˵ͩ㲻ҪȥȥͻءģҲµġ
ֺТ˵׼һƥҪȥӻá
Т˵Ŵƥԡ
ȥ
ҶСûӰͩվ¥ϾͿ˳С㣬һҪȫȻô졣
һӻõ΢΢ڶԺĳòԡ
һľľ֮УñȸɽʿӲӮ⣬Ӯй˾ӷӵ˱ǻʳǹ塣
סֺ÷ӣȻǵڳ¹ݱˣҲԼ٣Ӯڣûκοɾġ
нŲûйԺţʲôĽŲֱǰ
˷ȥԶĵط裬һ綼˵ġ
Ųܿſھͳһλӣ̧ͷҲ
λӱԤҪᣬҪòҪӢ֮ϣȻЩƣûһǲϵġģƽ
٣ôɫĻǵһο
ǳѩ೤ۣûݵ˿߻ΣΪһӣԵúأߵǰж磬ᵧ£ԼļһȻ
ʮȥ൱ģҲв٣ȴûһֹˮ
£ûûòзǳ֮£ϡ
ûκα飬һֻۣһ㣬ֻİпϾİʲôδȡǰˣʲôֵĴɱ
£˵Ǹɡ
£֪ҽҪʲôȷ֪Ŀ𣿡˵仰ҲţΪǰ˵仰ӶԷ־ıܸоĴڣǽȴ⻭һ䡣
֪ҵȻǲġ˵
ݱļƻǰŵúܺõģƺ˵仰˵±Ҫܶࡣ
Ȼˣô
ôķʽֻŹһǰϣһأԸΥ
˵Ҳɱ֣Ҳú̵ܲķʽȥҲκʹ࣬ԼҲûʲôоҲ·ʱµʱ˯µʱֻ˯ˣԶѹ
Ҳ΢΢ȷʵȽ棬Ҳ棬ܲ
ЦˣȷʵҲʵʵ˵ɱһˣһϴ֣ʵںܶǰҾµҲֻһ⡣
ȻԼҵҲûоòףˡ

54

һ, ⣬һЩԴ뿪ɱ, ȷʵûɱһˣΪ¹նһ, ǲỹ, Ϊ˵, ϲǷ˵顣Ϊ˻ɱ߻ǲӵġ
ɱȻǺΪ, ɱ¾飬ȫҲ㳲֮Ϊɱж, Ҫ, һԴɱΪıֶε֯Żᷢչµһ֯
ʵ, ɱÿһԺ󶼻һЩʧУǷĳ̶ֳϳԽҵȻ֪Լձ, Ҳ˵ӱĵ
սʱ, ٴдɱ֮, ﲨһС, һͽ, ҲǰӮһλӣͱ˲һ
Ӯδ, пܣһսˣٿ費ˣʱգǶǲɹġ
սʱ¹ӲдӮδµδòµ۵۹⣬µ۵ıԣӢۣݷΩͼСˡ
µ۳ŵҪȡӮѩôҲʳԵġ
˵£ûȤҺȼԣǲ衣Ӯѩϣģûж
ӮѩӹһָϣӮѩ˵Щˡˡ
Ȼ˲ſʼ˵£һ飬ǻӣǴֹ̿ͣϵ˵Ҳһ㷴У̹ĹޣԺ󣬵»صѩŵû飬Ծȥ˯ȥͲѹ
Ӯѩٱ·𻹴һ˿ϣҲӣ֮ϡӮѩ˵ãһȥ˯ϰˡ
ڨЦ˵ĳǵµĵˣ˴ţʱɱҡ
ãһ˭ɱ㡣
Цˡ˵ʱԺļ۵ܿ죬һʮ߰Ĺſڣ࣬Ұɫȹﴩأòȴһ۵ϲ
ӮѩһֱƽضˣǾˮȻǵĹϵͬѰ
ҶСܵӻǰ
˶һӮѩһʮҵˣҳۣЩڰĺڣʱĹһͷӣڵȴϹֻһ۾;úܺ䡣
֮Զ࿴һۣ뿴˭ôĵӣȻҪɱ߻ӣ˲仮һ˿ӡ
˶ߵǰͷʣǸݣûиıԼԸıɫ
˵¡
˵Ҫɱ£
ݻûشӮѩĻֻǺ͸Ʒ衣
ҶСڿӮѩһۣ㻹ƭҵʲôʱ򣬸ղ·ϰТ˵ˣɱ֣ǿµɱ֡
ӮѩûлشҶСӣŸݣݵû˿֪һҪɱһˣǲݵģȡһѶ̵Ȼ˵ʣ¶ѩ׵ĵС
Ӯѩ͸ݲУѵ͵˸ǰ˵㲻ҪɱǲһҪܸ
΢Ц˵˼Ǵȥ
ǣ񲻾ˣ˭ͷһ
˵ˣֻΪ
ҶС仰·ͿӮѩؿڱһ֣ݵ˵ǣ֪Ҳ㣬ҲǺǵģҪôɱңҪô˭ҲɱˣΪʲôӣΪʲôҽ!
ҶСŭصָݲûлش𣬶һؿƺڱ仯룬֧飬ⲻһɱֵ۾ͽʱֱһ˺Զ
ΣҶСֻһ𰸣ڿˣӮģʲôˣ
ҶСһ£˭ӮģݣԺ⣿ش⣬һֵ⡣
ûеõҪĴ𰸣ݵӷƽȻҶСĿת
ҶСòȻ˻ε˵ʲô˵
תӮѩ˵ʲôˣ
ӮѩûüشҶС˵ôҲǵµұۣǵµõѡ
Ц˵Ǿ㲻񡣡
㣿ҶСŭĿԲҶжҪ
Ȼ΢ЦԵһһ
ҶС˵ȡ
˵Ȼǽյ̸ͽˡ£Եپۡ
Ӯѩ˵ֻǺ͸Ʒ裬㵽ҰɣϾͺȥ
ʲôѵŪˣּٴϢӮѩ͸ֻǺȺȲ裬ǺΣǶˡ
ҶСţϾ¶֮ɫ˼ȥӮѩ㣬ҵ㡣仰ʵصӡ
ҶСߵԺ⣬һӻõңǼסˣӣӮѩĵ
Ƭ̣ӮѩڳˣȻһƽˮı飬æǰȥֱ˵£Ҳ˵һǶˡ
Ӯѩü㲻ǻ𣿡
ǰסˡ
ǣ
Ӯѩɵı飬ҶСЩ⣺ǰ²𣿡
룬̫ˣһϢϢ
ҲӮĲ飬ҶСӮѩ飬ôʱûʲôģֻаο˵һЩȤƣ̽˵ҪһȥȺȾưɣҸ˵ЦǰЦ̲סЦ档
㲻ҵ˼һ˾һ
ҶСҲƤˣͲˣӮѩô˵ͱأ˵Ǿƿʲôһ˾ǲ
ЦһӾûˣͷƫһߣΪӮѩת⡣
ʱһͣƵ£ˡ
ҶС޳еӮѩѾȻƵ£ﲻһȥղһֱ㡣
ҶС۽һᡣТ˵ȥˡ
ҶС۵һˡſ޳һԶƵ˵ܹ˵仰𣿡
ҶСֹͣ˿ʲôѵӮѩĻתˡ͵͵۽ǵ飬˹ȥƽϵԱߵϣȻվʮ⡣
ҶСЩɻӮѩҪʲôصģӮѩ棬ɫ̫ãˣ
ӮѩĶ棬ϸˣҲûǰ竵ӣøӢ
Ӯѩ˻ô⣬ͰĽϣбŲ壬ﶼ飬̧˵ұ㡣
ҶСӲȻضһ£ӮѩǲǳԴҩˡӮѩһֱ̧ţƺҪͶԶ¡
ҶСٺٵЦһ£뱧ңӣ̧˴ָ˵ɫɲͣҸճ극лú˵Ҫȥ㿴ƻء
֪û˵꣬Ӯѩһץס֣˹ȥ̧ͷʱѾĻ

55

С, ĶӮѩĻṳ̊ʵ, һͲЩȻ, ͷʣ, ðɡ
ӮѩĴ, ͷͿϣ˵仰ҲԼЩ顣
ʱ, ӮѩûκλӦصͷҶСûзӦ, ѾԷͺס, ʪͷٴδǻ, 飬·ҪϢַ·Ҫɡ
ֵĸо֮ȥ, ʹƿ, , £һû׼ط, ̵ܳȥ
С, ǵһӣһӴܵˣ, ϵǲǰ飬֪νʲôⲻܣȻܡ
СʱǸ¶һ𳤴ȻֺĴͬͬסֺͩϦദ֪һ˰ԼʲôоѵӣԲܣڻû׼ԥìܣʹࡣ
Ӯѩ˵ǲǺܡ
ǣǡ
һֲǲ֪
ҶСЦˣǰ㱾ǻ
ܴӦһ𣿡
ʲô£
Ȼæ˻ȥ㡣˶٣˵һʱûȥ㣬ҲҪѹ۽κϢ㶼Ҫ侲ڹ￪ġ
ҶСüͷӮѩлѵδӮҪԤ벻𣬶ӮѩйأʣʲôϢ˵úһ
û£û¡Ӯѩرסů¯ػ
˺ܾúܾãҶСڻȥӮѩȻҲٴˣҵûȥˡ
ҶС˵£ʲôʱҡ
ƻȥ㡣Ӯѩ𣬻һƣӣӮѩֲ߳ȥҶСȻط¡
̣ҶСһֱûκα仯ı飬ûκβĺˮûκգƺźܶ飬ҲԶ֪ҲԶ˵֪ӮѩԶȥ
ҹѩŵ¯ӻ΢΢ɢůѹϣƼĴǷ磬ŷĻصůſڣ߻Ӱ˯
߻дţ߻ƺݷǳ⣬Ŵνӽ¯ӣһδַˡ
ַԸѾͷһЩůθ
ڰǰӮѩûкȣдţŴ΢΢̾˿
߻ǳƺµĲ飬߻ӻƻȥޣһȥģź߻ӳʱûκα飬üǳһƵóġ
ۿůθҪˣ˾䣺£ûһȵġ
ƣ͸³΢
ֽס֪ſҶйأ߻Ҷ֮ƺЩ飬Ȼܹʡ
߻˯رڰǰǰʱ䣬һůһŻһͼҶˮīɫˣ߻Ӿ͹۵ĵطǰŮͼһǰ㡣
߻ӽʱʱ֣ƹҺѣ˳ȥ΢Ƶ߻һͽ͵
ʱ̫߻ӿˡѾͷѾ׼ţֻ߻ӻһů
߻ƺѵĺ˯̫١
ȻЩģŴŽȥ
ơڴ߻ӵƿš
Ӯѩ۵һ̣ƺЩԣո˵һ˯£Զѣ֮䣬ݲʧţɱҲδʧ֡
Ϊʲôȴ£ԼˣǸݸı⣬֮ʶԼǻŵʱƺһж֮ס
ҪĵһҶСʣƣűˡ
Ƽ˵£һ͸ҪҪȥ׷
ҲδЩӮѩͣƿ־ôȥΪףֻܼϣ³΢ûнݸ֪ҶСͶ˵ˣһͷȥͰɡ
¥һС᷿ӵĿҶСſڴϵţ߲֪ͩ롣
³΢վſڣҲǣҲǣֻҶСֵܣչʣ³΢ӮѩֵܣҲǣҲǡ
С㣬ǣǣҪ޻ӡͩӰο
ҶС³΢ֿʼӮѩӮѩ˵˵Ļȫιˡ˵ֿޡ
³΢úܲζЩڣһյֵܵţȥһ⣬ǸһţͰˡ
ŽŸҶС޷ǾҶСԺԹչ
ʵûʲôݣӮѩΪҶСУϣչҶСҲûʾ˵Ļ
³΢һֱæϵ飬ΪҶСλص뿪ӮѩҲ˵㺵˺ֵز
ŽҶСһӴˣЩڣǧýݸ
ʱ򣬰Т˹˵ҲڣͰ˵
³΢˵鲻̫ãûʲôҪҪô˵ɡ
ϴ˵ǰԽ֪Խá︮ˡ
︮Ĺø𣿡
ǰ
³΢衣
ͩʣڹɶأ
Тæݣϸ˵︮һͱ͢ץˣһҼʮڶ
ҶСһµĻаˣǾı飺ʲôҹø跸ʲô¡
Т˵ڻ֪Ѻ̲
³΢Ѳ³߰˷֣æ˵ĻӱֵúףǷ꣬ǱɣĻӵѲЩ³΢ͷԳ͢һһУԴĻӮĽ£ȫǾͺھһɱ¾
ҶС˵ТҪȥø
³΢˵ڲܳȥণȥһշ˵Ҳץˡ
ҶСδ³΢ʲôʸңһûأ
³΢һΡ
ͩ˵СҺһȥ
ҶС˵ͩڼҵңðТȥˡʶ̲ˣӦûҡ
ͩ˵С㣬һҪȫүãﲻҲں
ҶСգҼͩˣˣģҼͻ
³΢ӧȥ̲
ſڣ³΢˵һȥ
Ұɣϴȥű龰𣿡
˵£³΢βѣǴΪҽָ˵㱻УҲҶС񽯳ѷЩҲ㲻ֵһˡ
ҶС˵ؿһϲݣ񣬴𣬱Ƕ࿴һҲá
΢΢ף΢㻹ҪæȻȥɡ
³΢룬ʲôҪæ飬ҶǵһҪ顣
̲ҶСĹƣ̧ͷһۣ鹬߻ӵģ߻ĪĹϵ
ٴóӮѩĹƣҶСЩˣദôʱ䣬ֿҲЩ᲻áҲڽκλǵÿ
̲ţæµԱȥȥÿÿ붼д󰸴һ㣬һᣬƽͳǰΪ񣺡Ҷǲߵġ
˵Ҳã˵ҲãϾ̽˺߻һϵҲûС
ˣһˣܲܰæһ¡
˵
Ԫˡ
ƽ΢ɫҶСһ۾Ϳˣæ˵ǵ£

56

ƽƲһ, ԥ˼Ȼ΢СҶС۵, ҶС˵ˣҿȥء
ƽ˵ڷǳʱ, ²ӦԪ塣
ҶСȻ֪߻Ӳ, ³΢, øǱɣĻӮĽˣӮĽ, ߻ӱͲӦˮ
ҶС˵ҾǿһۣϾߡһҪæ
ƽΪѣҲΥ߻ӵ˼, ˵, 㿴һ۾뿪, Ҫ
ʮʪʯףڵ˵Σһλ谵Ĺŵ˼ص, 洫Թ޺ӵ
ҶСǵһ̲, һ̲ϼһ, Ǹˣֻ, һҲò
һŵʱ, һʶӰһˣһηǰ, ̧ͷ
һӡĪʶӣԾ³΢ĸסӣһ˲仮Ժ
˱˴˿һۣΪʶֵط棬ЩУ³΢׵Ĺѣ֪˭̲̽ࡣ
̲ԱԱߣǾƲкģֻĬĬһ۾Ͳˡ
谵ηҲòǺҶС̫ر𣬼ʹֹһ۾˳
ıһ˿
Ѿ³̲һ̽ĹøԪ塣
ҶСԶȡʦĽϲԵĸ㣬ɫһζҲһǶŴζ
ǰɽʦ֣ҪŹ棬һʦĵ뷨Ľ̬ӯﲨתִϻ۹ˣʦֵܳΪ
һֱıȨΪְĽȾʦıȡӮȨƵһӣĽȺͺܶɵһСǹ¶С֪һĿΪΡ
ѱ̢òεһͻ۽ǡ
ĽڳʪĲϯϣͷɢֵķ϶вܿһľ֮òѾûɫʣǲ԰ס;
ʦã⼸ζϲġӽִľ֮䣬ޣ쳤ֱۡ
ĽûнϲԵģ˵ʦ֣ˣѾˡ
Ӳ̵˵ʦã˵ֻ
ĽȻľľ飬ҲƽĻʧƣҲûлŵļֵ
СȰʦòҪ룬ĻûˣгǧӵܵıأǴ̽Σģһġѹúܵͣ˵ʱ
Ľ˵ˣֻһ֮
ӾĽЩͷҲӡ֤Լ뷨̽ʣʦãǲǶĻӻ
Ľȵ˲һ£ֽϨѾȷĽȰӮĽ
ΪɵıʿǲκθģĽȾȻܿԼУԼĿܡ
ĻʧԺĽлܵĻӵİΣǰһɵʦãôϻ۾ףȻӮĽǸ﹥ķ
ﰵֻȰ˵ʦôôɵƽʱôʦ̵ģϿһС
Ļ̌ͷִŵʣʦ֣»𣿡
Ӳ뽫ǰĸȫãҲ䣺Ҳ֪ҲҪˣѾûκιϵ̼죬һᾡ졭ˣĻҲ˵ˡ
վ˿֮أոҶС˹ȥŮˣҲ˼š
ηǰҶС۾ʪ⣬ѺĹø軹̶
ûյƺգԴΪ̶ֵʱϥӳȫСһ㡣
ףŴαϷˣҲһ仰ҲûУЩľګ
ͷģǶ֮ܿ־壬ܹ˽ʳˣֶﻷһҲסˡ
Ԫ˵˵ѵ㻹ǣǸúӣֻǹøλȥͲҪٵˡ
ҶС˵ø裬ǰ˲鷳һҪ¡
һ᲻عŶԲ㣬ǰϲ㣬֪뿪︮˺ܶίȥؤȥŮʵ趼֪ġ
΢΢ףøȥ㣬ÿζҪ£ңøڸ룬ǹ۰ֶŮ͹ֹ裬ǹûչ˺㡣˵ˡ
Ԫ˵ļ򣬰οô㡣
Ԫһ˵ܿˣ裬ҡ
ҶС裬ôô˵ҹúܺð︮ҶܿģøҵĺҶûⱲҶ
Ԫ˵ﲻܶȥɡУһ㣬㿴һһûʲôĵġ
ҶСۿһ˿ЦãøҽĳԵĲ࣬ⶼͩģҲ֪ϲϲԣҲǵһ⣬ļ´ЩóԵĴǡ
ãáԪͷ
Ȼͨ۾Ƶݣûһ㹫Ӹ
ҶСЦ˵磬ڻô
ԳΣҲΣ˵ҵظҲửġ
ɵǸɵӡҶСЦˡ
վ˵ø裬磬̱̣ңˡ
̶۾һ̧ͷ㣬ҵ£رãҵҳ˺ܶ࣬ڲƤˣġ
ҶСתͷǿĨ᣺õģҶ֪ˣ̱̣Сչ˺ù裬ˡٶһ̡
̶ɤ溰㣬֪ˣ̱֪ˡ
ҶС棬Ѹٵ뿪֮ء
ֱʯȥȻһӰԣܲһ׵Ķ̵ͼϡ˵ҶҪҶҲġ
ҶСһӣæ˵ȴ磬ҪҺԩ޳𡣡
ҶԲϣһæֻܰҡ
ҶСһֱֻòۣ˵û⣬Ҳӡ
һ£һġ
ˡӵĴǰƣܿͽŴá
ı˵Ҫӣ߻ӣңˡ
ĹԱֹͣһæµƽһæ˹˭˭ģ֪˺Ҫ㲻Ҫ
侲˵ˣҲ֪˺ҪҪ̲Ӧ֪ӣ߻ӣƾ˭Դ
ʲôҪ󣬲ſϷҶ
ˣҪ˷Ľȡ
˿һԱƺʶĽ˭ǹԱ˵ˣĽԭĻӵŮ
Ůƽҡڣ˶˵ǳ͢շҲ
ȻˣСϾûˡޣֱ۵Ҳ
ҶСͷۣϧһ仰ôҲ˵æһ㣬ٲҾͱˣ˭ҲȲˡ
ȫûп񣬶غ̲һ˶šӵӳ̲ǲܣԸðգܽȳĽȵ
ƽûϴӦƺʱ䡣
ʱ⴫һˣˡ
Ҳ֪λ£ҶСڵϣ

57

һԱӵ, Ӯε˪Ŵãٻƽۣ, 
Ӯε˪վ֮⣬ѹƹ, һ, ӣҶſ
˵, ҿԷҶֻҪ·ʦĽȡ
̸Ӯε˪ڵʡ
Ӻ侲£ҲǺ̸, ĽֻһŮ˵㲻ʲô, λ, ֻҪҡ˵ŵֽһ
ҶСеʹ
Ӯε˪˵, ֻҪſϷĽȡ
ƽ˵£ĽĻӵŮǳ͢շ
Ӯε˪ǳ⣺ƽ, ҵּ, Ľȡ
ƽ, ִֻС
ŴֶƬ̣ܵҶС, Ϊ, ˵˻Ǳܼ尾
һᣬѺ, Ľ˴á
Ľȶţ˵£ʦһƥҪ죡
áӮε˪ȥ
ȻĽȣʦãߣߵԶԶġ
Ľˮӯʦ֣ΪʲôҪô֪Ҳ빶
Ӵһ:߰ʦã㻹ᣬ㲻Լ˼ңӣߵԶԶġ
ʦ֡
߰
ĽȺᣬȥֻһЦˡ
Ӯε˪˵ڿԷҶɡ
һȡʦóӮǡ
ֽһʱ䣬ҶСоѾĽȰȫˡ
дɿžһ˵ϣҶСƴؿԣֻһֻ־ͽ˻Ӯε˪
Ӳδƺ嵶ͬʱĸѪֱ
ҶС̼ѪȣתͷȥþʹӮε˪ϡȻ񣬵Ἲʦãء
ҶлˡҧѪ͵˵ϡ
ҶСǳ𾪣ѪӣʹѡȻûʲôҲ֮Եһʿ
Ӯε˪˵⽫Ľ˶ԶڵߣҪץ
⽫ͼԱš
ҶСŷԼӮε˪æƿһԶ£㲻ǴӦĽ𣿡
Ӯε˪˵ǳ͢շ
ĽֻһŮһΡ
Ӯε˪أҶҪ˱˾ԣǳ͢飬ֲܡ
ȥɻӮε˪ԴͣͷйԱ˵
һʱ·ղŷֻһΪСӮε˪ҶСһֱۣȥ
ҶС֪Ӯε˪Ҫ˵ʲô飬ֻø˹ȥв
ĹԱ˳ȥ
һŴӣһƬģͣһСδ۱ȣʽĽֵ񿪣б¥֣Լֵϵĳģ͡ЩϤѵӮǵ΢ģ͡
Ӯε˪һϸıָһСǹʽ¥˽Ƿܣשߣ޴ĶȺҶСʲô

Ӯε˪˵֣ҶСһ£ԭÿսȻӮӵһ
Ӯε˪صЦһ£ֻһƬ˵Ѿ鲼ȫӮǣӣǷ˾ĵط֪𣿡
ҶСҡҡͷȷʵ֪³΢Ҳûк˵ֻ֪ĹģԽԽ󣬵Ȼ֪󵽳Ԥ롣
Ӯε˪˵㲻֪黹кܶ࣬ԶԶ벻³΢͵͵е⡣
е⣿⼸֣ҶСЩզˣɱͷǳ͢׼ˡ
Ӯε˪˵ȻֻѿʱԿＸǧ˵Դ
ҶСæ˵֪һȥͺֵ˵ͣϣƽϢ
Ӯε˪Ц˵ѷˣҲǲеġ
ץǣ
Ӯε˪ЩһСආΪʲôҪץǡ˵գĿͣҶСϡ
ҶСܿӮε˪Ŀ⣬˷ܺͿҽһĿ⣬ֱӡ
ʲأҲ͵Ů׼סɡ
ҶСܲ죬Ӯε˪˵Ȼһˣֻһ๬Ůеһ
ʲô˼
ô빬ˣȻźҺ͹Բ͵ҽδҹ㡣˵ŵƵģ͡
ȻҶСȫȻʲô˼ֻӮε˪УǿȻȥӮε˪ԣȻ˵˾е⣬ôȻ˴֤ݡ
Ӯε˪˸£һгӣ´˵ȻȥɣУе׼ˣ㲻Ҫ³΢ֹͣһ⡣һ٣ҲûʲôôȻʲôҲ֪ӦҲûʲô
㣿ҶСһǻŭӲرѹ˺ڣסƿڴӮε˪ЦĺﻹǼ֣Ƿ飡
Ӯε˪ЦҾϲӣֱֱȥʲô˵ʲôɰˣȥɡ
ҶСתߣЦһΪʲôƫҪʶ㣬ʶҲͰˣô϶ء
һžͿ³΢һĽı飬ûв´Ҳһ硣
³΢ǰʣɫãôôʱ䣬ҿӽȥˣǲǷʲôˡҲҽȥҾ͸ż
΢ϳ˵աֵǰ˼
΢㣬ǲʲôûҡҶСֱ
˵ʲô߻ӻǣ
㲻ҪװͿˣǲڵеҶС˵꣬³΢ʹȥȻǳˡ
³΢ʵ⣬һֱҲûйʣֻôҹúһ㡣
ڻԣ´зסҪĺʲôӡ
ҶС˵ǰѾͬնӮǵĹ¶ĸȷʵҲ˲٣ÿ˴ͷһҲٲԡ
ڷչĹУ³΢ص׬ǮյĻӣҲ˵ڵˡ
³΢۾ѵȫµؤϺӡ
ҶСЦһ룬Ұġ
³΢۾㾹ȻҵĳԣҪȥлͷÿ춼ͣٶͷιлӡζʱı΢ʹࡣ
һүͷؤǵȻǱ΢ʹࡣ
³΢ݴ㣬Ҫ𣿡
Ҳˣȷʵ˶ϱҲҪֶΡ
ʲôвĵ顣
еҪɱͷġ
³΢˵ʵһֱŬ˱ΣϣõģֻһֱûǻûȥֻϤһЩ̡ʵ⵹ҲǺ£˹ģڱˣҲų£ңԺϾֹͣ⡣
ҶС԰ģȻֹͣˣǾͲˡ
ҹң˵׼⡣
ʲôҶСĵĻˣͬˣ
һûͬ⡣
ҶСƽ΢ҶǧҪͼһʱ棬
֪֪Щ£
Ҳˣͷܴ󡣡ҶСӮε˪˵Ļܡ

58

ѩŵ, ӮѩȾƣҲЩ΢̣ʱѽƻ, ӴȥϼѾʳȾ˽Ƶɫ, 絾ȵĽ, ů
Сʱ, ĸιǵ龰ĸ׽һСһھ, ȻҭˣĸĴıѩ, ôôǡÿһĻͷ·, ô, ĸתҲڶߡ
ʻˣʱһүӮѩֻ, ſڸ׼ʱ, ƴŻ, ǿ˳
׺ĸ׶˿ǵҲϼĽ, ǳůվǰ:ѩ, ֪Ū仰𣬺¾Ǻǣǲ̵, Ҫڻ
ĸ˵ѩֻڻǲŻζȥ˵㣬ҪסĻ£𣿡
֪ˣԺֻ£¡ʱĸ׶Цˡ
ůůģ·׻ᣬĸҲڡ
ҲһϰߣһöҪڻڵģζ
£ˣҪ㡣һӮѩ˼ȫˣһƴˡϲɫʺˡ
Ӯѩæ磬¸һҪ˾ǵһ˵һߴߴɿڹʻȥܿ͵ޡ
Ӯѩһ۾ͿӮϣźıӣգ࣬ûһѪɫĹâҲʧ뷢·һҹ֮ȫˣⲢǰĸʣһĺˡ
ӮѩʹûйֱܵͷӮ۽űߣТ
һֻƵִͷӮ۵ѩˣʵˣֻ᲻֣һֱǿš
ôϰҪϢ
ūţȳȥɣ˭ҲӮ۷Ըһ˵˾䡰ū֪ȻĽŲ
Ӯ۵ָӮѩÿһ£·𶼺ܳ:ѩкܶ໰˵
ӮѩӮ۵ı۰۾ʪ󣬿Ÿʲɣݣ˵Щʲô
Ҳˣ˳Ĵ󲿷ְλˣҲһֻ۱һֻۡĸûıҲ֪ǵҪ乬
ĸӮĽǷıһ£ӮѩһֱŰɣĸıȻҲϣΪŴ£Ϊγĸ磿
ֻܽʹĸ統ʵǲеģҲֻΪ¹ĿܣӮûĻᣬֻᴦƣӮ
ǸʵĲԣӮѩеȻܾƿӮû˿Դλʮ꣬¹ûֵôǸʵΰ֮
統ʵȻҪһЩãΪ̵ֲᾫϸ㣬¼꣬¸ѳסҲױ¹ãͬӮ
ӮѩԺ֪ҪϢΣΪ̫࣬ⲻֵá
ֻ㣬Դ´ݣҪû˿㣬Գɾʹ¡ûп㣬ԴӮӮһϯ֮أҲԴӮԻ͵ʱӮ˵úֿܼ˼
ӮѩӯΰĸףΪһУ⼸ʱƺÿһ㣬̫ӱҲ⣬ӼܿտҲΪ֮ǳϵĴҲ乬Ļı棬ȴʵ
ǰˣÿһ£ΪģΪһʵۣԸµıΪһףԸöµϸ
ֻжһĸף˭ɱնû˿赲ĿġӮѩΪӮĴδĵǸΪһУɱ¾;ˣΨעһи
Ӯѩ˫ͨ죬ỬգȻ䵽Ľϡ
ҪϲҶԺΪ㵱ϻʵۺⶼɡŮ˺ջˮϣһҪߵģ㲻ΪԼ㱳Ҫö࣬ҪʱѣһӦеӡ
ȿȣӮۿ˼˵¹̫SϵλһǿҰĺû޵ˣȾȶһõӮҪ£ǾԲſڻһͷǡ
Ϊһ飬ҪȢعҵٹӮƺ
ȢٹӮѩһ£ȷʵǸΪҪһ¡Ҳ׻أÿһĸԸ׵˾Ҷ
Ȼ׻ıԶǣ뵱ϻʵۣӵг¹Ǿưոݵģֻعſλ
عʢȻҲһֻ񻢣ôֻûôعⲻƵĪһƺ¹عҵóɻԺ󣬵λλ㡣
ӮѩимǸ׶Ҳ˵ⱲֻҶһˣҲıԡ
뷨ƺӮۿ˳Ӯ˵ԥԵȽӮǿٹ£ȢȢŮˡ㲻ͬ⣬ƷԣϻʵۺɱҶҲΪС㲻ǿ󲻵Լס˵һŮˡ
ˣûмˣ㲻ɻ飬סʵۣ硢ˡг¹µĲģڻǡӮ۴Ŵݵۿע
Ӯѩ֪ѾΪһУʹڷǣҲ޷رοֻǴӦٹ
µӣѾˣ
£ͷڵأʧʹޣʣˡТԸٹԣֻҶһˡ
ųɵĲػҶȢΪޣ
ӮƴؿԣԵ׶Ĵ̹ǣ̧ͷһֻӮ۵һѪ
Ӯѩҽҽ
ҽѾˣûüӮѩǰ¿
ҽ˵ҪϢ£Ρ
Ӯ۲԰˼ޣ΢߽ţǳˡ
㲻Ҫ˵۰ˣ㣬Ҫú
ģС꣬ƮڻʳϿգǺӿʼġ
һĴűȻ򿪣ˮټĺڵһˣȵĻ
Ӯε˪ȥ߹նڰĴ߹ص
·𿴵Լ˪ʱյӣ֪Լôȹģûûʺһ䣬ΨҹһȺӬ
ÿ죬ӻٷ˵ʳһҲԣԸ
ǳһڣԴӿͷҲû˷һףһƬҶһӲдֱű򿪣һʥּ٣Ҫ˳ɻ飬˽ӹˡ
ҲˣӣӦָм˵ģһ룬ʩᣬֽɹһʩᣬΪҪм㡣
ƿůţһɳѬζ
űӡ洫һ˭ǲҪҳȥǲǸ֪࣬Ҫҳȥ
һƬǽ壬ڴ֮£һͷɢ¿ݵˣմǣǺһ飬һ飬˵һĹ
Ӯε˪һԼɵĽ
㡱˹һ㣬磬㣬ַЦ
˵ˣ֪һж㺦ġûôݣúݰ
Ӯε˪˵Ľ˵ұݣһУӦñҸҽǺ̸˭ɺޣġ
ңôңҳظҳ֮ӮĽ˵ַЦͣ

59

, ҪһҲûãʲأ޽Ӯε˪˵, ӮĽֹͣЦɴ۾, 쳤ʣҪˣ
, ˼ˡ
ӮĽֿ, ģ˵ã, ǴӮˣˣ, , ǿ, С㡣
Ӯε˪˵ʿҪλӮѩ
ޡӮĽ侲˵û뵽, ͷǸɵСӡҲ, ҲŲš
Ӯε˪˵, ӮӮѩµ, һʼʹˡĵ, 㽫ҴܣգҲܲ, 󲻵Ӯѩʲôˡ
ӮĽأҡͷƭҰɣ磬ӮѩһΪɵϡ
˵ûӡЩ˵ҲûáĽظ֪ܹ¶ҲģҪ͸һ
ʲôĺڴ
˴𣿡Ӯε˪һ
һᣬѺһŮ˽ŮˣӮĽһ۾ͿĽȣͷɢϵ·ûһõģ԰׵ļմȾѪŮ˲ÿĲλҲ̻¶档
ĽȱƵϣƺ˾޴˺ѵ̧ͷ
ֻҪϸȻǸɵŮӡ
ӮĽ˿̵͵һۼġһȻǴĵġ
Ӯһ˼ˣҲһԳˣĽȣǡɳ䵱ɫ
ĽȵĽȵģһеģϨԶΪȼգҲ˵ǲǶи飬ȴΨһĶŮˡ
Ӧúʹ࣬ҲӮĽ˵磬Ľôˣ
ǳЩ࣬ôš
ӮĽ˵磬û㣬һ£ܷܲߣ뿪ӮǣԶҪ̤ϴӮء
Ӯε˪Цһĵܣ㲻ǰҵɵӣĽ˭ֻŮΪһУһٻˡ
ӮĽ˵㵽ô
Ӯε˪˵˵ҿԴ͸㡣˵ץĽȵͷĽȷ΢΢ġӮε˪Ц˵ǣû˵Ҫһĸ㡣
磬㣬һˣĽȡ
Ӯε˪ĽһƣƵӮĽϣӮĽȶܿˡһߡ
Ľˮ£Ҳ뿪㣬չ㡣
˵
ҲĸԸĽؿƯĺۣȻŹâǼᶨģʯǰļᶨֻҪâûϨģ˶ݡ
ӮĽʹĵر˵û뵽ӮĽһ׵㣬ء
һԣãȻôϲҾͳȫ㣡Ӯε˪ЦţһѽĽȵĺͱ˽ȥ
Ӯε˪˺ѷεȥЦзʧȥİŮ˵ζ
һգӮѩҹʣǸѾ˻ԡһϢӳ¹µ۹ˣ̫SλΪµۡ
պҹӮѩ񼱴ޣϷǹ˵£Ѿݱˣ
Ӯѩ⼸նޣû뵽ոձϷƻȥ˯һᣬʾûˡſڴǰʹ
Ҳ֪˶ãϷǹԱ˵£ȵǰȵϣ½񳿵ǻ
ͬ£ּ˵£ȵ۵گū
Ӯѩſڴǰһᣬ𲻾ǰܾʵ󡪡ҪȢٹʹⱲûһ仰һҲûдӦ
΢΢Ϸ£Ͻ°ɣ
ѽ۷ǰ
ӮѩۣϷǺͬ£̤ޣϼѽʹȾ糯ĹԱɥ볯
̫ҲţһȺΧӮѩϵãǶξˣ书ǿɱӮѩһ̫ͱڴ޳ļʮˣֻʣӮѩϷǺˡ
Ϸ˵ˣʲôϲ»ʡ
˸ЦһϷǣگıɶĳȡȹ
ϷǾ˵ʲô£
˵ڴǻϴ˻ִԲ𣿡
ӮѩһݣӮε˪ǰһȥ˴ûиگĽگıӦòξسѿ˴󲿷
ǳ˵󵨶ԣ֪ȵ۵گ
һ̫࣬ȵһȥġ䣬һ֧ڴзȥ
Ӯѩֹѽ񴩺ʲô˵Ųʵ۾浹¡
ӮѩʹĲѣȵԣ㶯˽̣ɱȵ۵Ḷ̌
ȴƽλԹԸȥξɣвͬ̾ߵأ
Ϸǵǰ棺ԣ㵨ΪץҲҪɾҶ߻ӵ񣿡
˵ⲢǶĳ֮⣬Ǳµ˼λһȵȥľϴˡ
Ӯѩæ˵ϴˣ£Ӯε˪ǳģˣҺߣϴ˻ش°ɡ
ߵ£Ϊ¿ּۻۣȻӣǾ͹ֲˣ˰ǰȥԻ䣬һȺ
ڴʱշը̻к£ǰ˲ɵֲָǺǵŨζŻ
ӮѩƴţԼ췭ظһҡҡλεһ㣬۾ǰȻգһ֮ϣһ޴ľ𰡣
ٿܱߣǰվżˣǰ³ȹŮӣиµձЦ
ӮѩимæʣǺˣ
˵ǻģǷù֮ġ
Ӯѩģµڶ֯ĸùãȫȻ֪ʣҵĸùã
㸸ʴûùýӮġ
ӮģӮѩ룬ƺЩӡ󣬵ô벻׻ĺǸȥĹùʲôϵ
ӮѩȻʲôϴأ
˵ùֻ˵㣬û˵ϴˡ
Ӯѩ˵鷳ȥϴˣ
뾩ʮ·ˣȥҲûˡ
ӮѩʹĲѣӭҷ磬۽ǵ֮ߡ
һᣬֽһɽн䣬ɽоһ޴Ĺסһ㣬деķ羰УµڵԺϰ䣬Ůӡ
Ӯѩ䣬ϷӮε˪ʮа˾Ẓ̇ܿӮε˪һеõ䣬ϷǶȥһ֪Ҳ֪˺δ
Ӯѩ˹ڼٵӵĿڵȥʱۣ˲Ŀ
ڵ˿Ĵһ³ȹŮˣɴԶǸʮŮֻǽۣûбɴסۿͶͷѾƣϵһ˿
ѵӮģĹùáôΪ˻ĵˣ
Ů˿ڣԴ˻ƣѩùӮġ
ôһ˵ӮѩЩУΪСʱùǺġӮ֣Աߡ
Ӯѩ˹ȥξ˵˵̲̣Ӯѩ˵·ѰСʱǷݼ䡣ӮԱߵϣһùá
Ӯ˵һɻΪʲôţӦѾˣʵʮҶ㸸֮¡
ӮѩһĹùþȻһֱڰյΣԭ۾Ⱦ˻֮ȥҲͲˡ
㸸ײ֮ʱңǱһͬˣΪףҴĵ׾㡣
ллùãӮѩ˵ǵĶԹȻҲǹùһ˲ٿࡣ
˵仰ʱʶ˿Ӯĵ֣Ȼһ£ȣ˫ʧȥŮֵơڵİѾİ𪡣

60

Ӯѩ̲סʣù, ֶٰܲһæϷ׶༪, ûа취
Ӯ΢΢бɣ㸸׺ϷΪǻɷѿģ벻, ҹ, ¹ĽӮ, ϷѾ˻ʳǵľƣϧû뵽¹ֱӲӮ
Ӯѩ̾˿Ӯε˪Ϊ˵ǻȻ, ¹˻ʹԺӮȨڵӮžˮϸƼ, ҡˡ
Ӯļ˵ǳ¹ҲͰ, ¹µ۹˾ɱ츥, ĿǰɱѾ鲼ӮӮѱ¹ƿأӮε˪Ȼ˻λҲһܻʵ۰ˡ
Ӯѩʹ, ʿľӪĴӮȻӮε˪һ, , ˵Ҫλİ˵, ԲûӦ, ΪǸġӮε˪ӦûɫԸΥĻԡ
չù, ˵ϷˣӮǣʹҲǴ粽УڵӮʲôӡãȻҶСӮε˪һֱҶСɱ⣬ʱҶСǵ⡣
ӮĻ̻̣ϳһʳӮĴСǧ˱ץҰʮǰľһȨĳӮֵ÷Ʈҡ
ļȫױѺˣյģֻʣҶСͩվڴͩӵĿҶСȴԵú侲
ոǮ黹Ǯ˵֪ϧЩˣֻץǻȥӣҪǣҪعϴⶼǱµԭ¿ɱκˣǲɱ㡣
Ǯˣͩڿյ˵һ仰ǣصߣʹ򿪴ţ»ԭ㣡
ҶСͩ£ζױҵþ⣬ֻڵϣҿ˺ƵǺƨɣڵأͩС㣬ô찡
û£ͩ²¡ҶСڰοҲڰοԼĿǰõӦ³΢ѾӮѾ䵽³΢˵ҪӮȥضһж̫죬Ӯ޷ǾΪӮѩҲ֪ӮѩεأӮε˪жӮε˪Ź
Ǿ˻ƻ裬ҶСΨһжοͩϵ£ѾߺͬʵĽá
ҶС룬ҪȥǸܵģûдΪʲôҪϴҲϴģֻǿͩҪһܿࡣ
С㣬һ㶼£ҸСĵ顣ͩĻ
źȻˣǮɫЩãΪʲôִԲأΪһѵ𣿡
ҶС˵ûǣûдΪʲôҪϴ
Ǯ̾˿ȻȢˣҿóں㣬ϸô𡣡
ҶСȳòֶȥȽȫľˣܶһ£ͩ滺Ž׺СȵѪҺ
оһЩһǮ飺Ǯ磬ǲľͷ¡ѾˣΪʲôҪںңҪ˾ҾãӦĶԴ˲Ŷԡ
Ǯ˵ҲǺģѹΪʺǱ¶Ķ£ϸع󣬱һ˾ͷһӣԺٻ֮
ҶСЦһǮ磬ǿңϲǮҲϲǮ㻹Ǹ߱°ɣûдܻع
ǮһŻſʼأ˵͹˵һ䣬ļˣѾЩܲס̷ˡ
ҶС𾪲ѣ鲻ԽǰȥǮ飬˵ΪʲôҪ̡Ҳˣʹʧ
˽ȻֻС£¸ǿ֪ﵽûд
Ӯε˪ǲǷˣǸͲ֪ʲô֪Ҵˡ
Թﻹףںľһ̬ȡ
ãҺȥǲǾͻŹǡ
˵ˣֻҪϴﲻᰲȻҲ֧֡
Ǯ磬һæ𡣡
ֱ˵ɣ첻عܰҲ岻ݴǡ
ܲܰҰͩ͵عӦ
ãİɣǮһΪ쵽
С㣬ͩ˵ҲߣҲ뿪С㡣
֪ͩʲôʱվҶСͩ˵ͩҪֶǮ˵Ǯ磬ͩ˵仰ŮҵĻܻرһ𡣡
Ǯ˳ȥҶС˵ͩȥعϿ³΢˵취뿪ӮѾȥˣ㻹Ҫǣû£ǧҪʹңͩҵ˼㶼𣿡
ͩŵͷС㣬Ҷףһ᲻㡣
û£Ӯε˪ôûΪʵ۵˵и
ͩס˵С㣬֪㲢룬ΪС㡭ء
ҶС˰ͩźãǮΪˣһƽͩعΪ֮ƣǺӮε˪ȫӪȳ
ҶСߵ·ؿѲ֮⣬ûбĶʱͣ
ǰһԺӣҹܱ߻ԺĴƿţҾӦоУЩţվŮ񣺡ﰲã
ô˹ͳȲˡǮţҶСС˵Ǯ磬һ£ߵôˣ
ʵһֱʣ˻ʹһֵĸоӮѩ
Ǯ˵Ҳ֪㻹ʱ°ɡ
ǮŹϣһģΣܰȫ㲻Ҫܣ顣
ҶСһڣŮͬϸԡ£
ҶСЩգҪҲ·ǡ˵ĻصȥҲУҪӮε˪ûðæ񲻶ڹæĿˣܲŪԵİҶһˡ˵⻰ʱӺϵعһ
ҶСŶӸоܿգŮȻЦžԼȷʵЦЦЦȴܿȥߥ޳Եȥˡ
ȶһʢʱҶСѾ˼ô࣬˸뱥˿̫ˣʣо𣿡
Ů۵Сۣ˵ʰ޾ȥ
һòˣȴûоƣҶСЩʧ˶ӣ˯˸һˣＸҲ֪ûзųȥйøһ̶ǸӣҲ֪ܲܿ࣬ҶĸĸյļǲͳԺǵرõˣҲ֪ƽôûдԽҶ᲻ĵȥǣǸˡ
ԳԺȺȣһ죬ҲŮǶ͵͵˳ȥԺһƬ񣬷羰ǲԵԺΣƺɽһ㣬˼ԺţԺŽգ˨͵شͷһԺۣ
̧ͷһԺǽվһµˣֹֻһˣԺǽˣСԺӣ޴Ӯε˪ȻշһԴ
ֻûȥСصϣ½Ůѡ
죬ҶСʵûа취ˣֻýŮ˾ԽⷳƣȻŮᣬҲѧĿ죬죬ͳЦ
˺˾ƣÿŮãؾͱˡ밲
ˣӮε˪ˣŮڳ˯УպͮͮģҲѡ
Ӯε˪ѾţҶСֻվһԣӮε˪žۣ̬ʶǰҪӢ࣬Ҳࡣ
ϾվӮε˪Աߣ˵Ҷ˱Ϊβ򣡡
ҶСæ񣬱Ӯε˪һִסˣڴԺ񡣡
ҶСֻգӮε˪ɫϾͲˣˣ˶ϳȥˣ
ν˶ŮҶСһʵ˻˯ʵڲԣϾͨ££ǶǱҹģձ˵Ժܲ·Ź

61

, Ӯε˪˵Ȼ飬Ҳܲ, ϣǴ߸ʮ, ϳȥ, ٻһūŹ
ҶС֪ѾӮε˪Э, ҪҪˣҲᱻϳŮ˵, Ƕǵһ
ŮߺҲˣҶСǰ, ֻӮε˪һ, տ, ﵹЩ׽ǽ죬е¡
Ӯε˪ÿһƺڸصѹ, ŵƺڵȴһͷ
ô, 㺦ޣӮε˪ǰ߾ͣ
, ôẦ±°֪µ˻ʵ, Ҷ˺ü졣ҶСͷ, Ŭ䡣
Ӯε˪һߵı޼޵Ҳϲˣû֪Լģ
ҶС̧ͷϴ, ǲǾʹӦˡ
Ӯε˪˵֪ǲϴģԣΪıҪöࡣ޶ˣ޲ΪǡУøϿԹٸԭְ
ҶСܾϲ𣿡
Ӯε˪𣺡Ȼģʵ㣬ΪøԴء
ҶСһ
Ӯε˪˵ֻҪԹ޻Ϊø࣬⣬ҲҪ㣬޽ȥƽ̽㸸ĸϢˣϧǶˡ
ˣҲ֪ΪʲôҶĸѶ۽ﲻȻˣһɹɱ˵ӿתۣͿ޳
һӵסӮε˪ºࣺһ𣿡
ҶСһƴӮε˪Ļ˳£ˣ㲻Ӧô
Ӯε˪˵ĸʵûԺģԺһΪƽƽ
ҶС˵£Ҳ˼˺ңҵֻᱻ⣬¼ӵдӮǰͱԸαںһôˡ
Ӯε˪˵㣬޵ʵ۾Ϊ㣬ǲǲš
ҶС˵£ţ㲻ֵãҲм
Ӯε˪䣺Ҷ㻹ִԲ򣬲֪ڸģ㲻˵Ѿ֪𣿡
ҶС˵֪ˣҲȥϴˣҲȥˣµҾͲӦ취㣬ӦȥŶԡ
Ӯε˪Ц˼ǰΪʲôҪңˣ֪ĺҹҲ㣬Զĺãʹ޳ͷ֮գڱȻи˸ԸΪȥжá
Ϊ¸Ը˺֪ܶ࣬ˣܰ㣬ͻᣬûУ£ҴûУˣΪλҪںĲֵں
Ӯε˪ץס󣺡˵һ˾ô˵һԸΪȥôƭһƭҲð ߵܵôģظ
ۣӮѩʹô
Ӯε˪ȻŭһѣҶСϣײʹĺӮѩѾˣӽԺĹޣ޵òĶҪٵֻʱ䣬´ڴϵңøһҾȫͷء
Ӯε˪˵˦ȥ
ҶСػ˵ϣʹᣬΪӮѩ˵ϢӮѩӮε˪ʹ޵ˣӮε˪ԤУһϢֹסĿڸѵʹ
죬ҶСܼ尾ӮѩѶʹӮε˪ǾĻ־¡
һӮѩ˾ͳܣӮѩôˡ
Ӯѩ϶˵һʱûȥ㣬ҲҪѹ۽κϢ㶼Ҫ侲
ʱӮѩлδӮҪԤ벻飬ӮѩϢϢأʣʲôϢ˵úһ
仰һߣû뵽𣬵ʱӮѩǣȴ鲻Ըƿǧ򲻸ãʱӮѩ˵һиҲĸԸ뵽ˣͳᣬˮ͵˷
Ůѩ˵ǰ̷̫ġ
ӼźˣֺιҲ˼ڣŮ½Ъ¡
ҶСһϴԺ͸Ӯε˪Ǿ仰ڴϵҡʲôڴϵӮε˪ʲô
ȻӮε˪ʱ䣬͹ˣŮһľУľú첼ţͽҡǶȥӮε˪ţ⡰ǡϺҶСߵŮȫ˶˳ȥ
ֻʣӮε˪ҶСˣӮε˪һһ˱㣬ҶСＸֻõڷĽϢ
죬ûͨӮε˪Ŀͬӥһֻӡ
£ҪͨʲôҶСֻ߾룬ľ룬Ӯε˪ʱ
㣬ǰߵܵůʲôŮ֮£
ҶСֻ˵ߵ˾ӣҺûзκ飬ҲҪ
Ӯε˪ЦһЩҲǲţһԾ֪
ҶСѾֵ磬Ųѣ㵽ʲôҵ޵ġ
ӮѩѾˣ¿һˣ޸ӣʲô鲻Ըġ
ҶС˵Ҳ֪Ҳ鲻Ըһ죬Ҳܶ޸ӣҲܵòҪҸ֣ҹʲô
Ӯε˪üëʣҪʲôʲôֶһ仰𣿺ˣ޻кܶ飬Ǳ˴ô֡˵ʱѾ̤Ӯε˪ĶѾֵ塣
Ǳص磬ƾӿ϶ҲƲ
Ҳ֪ǲӮε˪ģ续µ˯ϢϢأӮε˪ΪһУֺõģҪᣬѾĵز
Ӳ߳ӣǻûжͱӮε˪Ĵץס
Ӯε˪ͷ绢ͷ­ҶС»³Ӯε˪һֱֻסֱǯţţ޻֮
ֻܵͷӮε˪޳ܣҲŹ㡣Ҳ֪˵ֻܳҪ
޲Ⱳ㶼޵ŮˣӮε˪ֽ°̧
ľ޴ǰĹЦǰֻڲ
ǰӮε˪Ѫţ˷ܵЦ֪ΪʲôξͱŪ
׷½ڣǮ飬˵ǲ۾ǲ֪ĸСһͷڷǰһҲ㾪ޡ
Ǿദʱ⣬Ȼʵʵʹͺе˶αֻҶСʵģԼҲ⡣ӵһʵĶʵĹƷ˭ҲȡĹƷ
ġϲáЦЦޡաˣʵʹҶС֪ϲĲҵ٣ϲꡣ
˳ɻ죬ףôŮӣഺãȻʧȥȤ˵飬ȴһ˵Ц̣񲻰ǰ˻ҶС޷
ǰط˴ţֻգҲġ
ͷֻһ׷еζ

62

ҶСͷ, ֻý°ٴ̧۾ϲˡ
Ҫ촽, ҶСȻˣûʲôͬʱʧȥ, ҶС, ͵ס, ͬʱϡ
ɢƬ磬Ӯε˪ûо޴, ôƬ
ȲˣӮε˪𣬽ҶС, ӵ˴, 첼ŵľ, ׼õİɫӣҲҪ췹
Ӯε˪ҶС֪һѵĲӡ
ΪҾͻŹ㣿㲻Ҫ𣬽㱨ң
ҶСҧгݣӮε˪, ۸, 㻹ʲô, ʶ㣬Ҿ͵˰˱ù㾡ܹ, ҸҲ㿴
ؿŶԷ, ֻҪٽһͻͬھӮε˪ѾǰӮε˪, һħһ˵Ұޡ
Ӯε˪һðҾͿˣҿηѹ
ҶСסӸˣʹϮһҲûзɡ
Ӯε˪ü۾ȴȻĹ⣺ѵ£ҿʲô
ȥɣӺȻתӮε˪͵ض⽫Ĳӻһۡ
ӣֶ޵ĺ죬ȻŭɱңҶô㲻֪Ϊʣ乬طʳΪô£㾹ȻҪɱҡ
ҶСӮε˪еİ߲Ѫ˿δ˿ֲ
еĵ漴Ӯε˪ָסĺһæҽҲĺһо
Ӯε˪۾ɵţһ㣬˿ҲûоԼҪˣǰʼģ
Ȼصһ£һƨɵȥúʹ
ˡ
ƴؿԣ۾ʱִˣƬôˣ
Ӯε˪ǷŭͲ콻ӵ顣
ţǺȻ֮ӵǽ浹ȥк£ƫƫҶСߣһ˿ƬӮε˪ƬƬˣҲ޴¡
洫˺£û°ɣ
Ӯε˪ſеĻңһŵһŷŭȥһԺӣԺ˭ģȫɱˣ
ʢٻƷۣų٣ͷʣȻһЦǧ֮䲽ԡסڻʺԷÿȴԺӮε˪סڻʵ۹ޡ
մ̫󴦻صޣѾߺҲջ˵ҽȥǶţ˵ǳ͢ط
ʲô͢طϷǣɻѡ
֪أΪʲôȥǣūʵ̽
ˣ˵ʲô͢طȴõѾͣõʳͣ˵¡ǲǲʲôŮˣҿҶ¶о飬˻ʵۣһ죬ŮҲһֻ۱һֻۣǱƫƫݲ
˵ǽȥ֪ǲ
˵ҪȥɣҿǮǸҲң
˵ͱ罺ᣬȥһǳ͢շ»᲻ﰡ
룬úĻЩӮε˪һʱȷʵãҹβӮε˪ԼĲɸ泯Ӯε˪ǿô졣
ָһŮննǸݵŮ˵书ǿȻŮ·ǹȴܸ䣬վϲվ౧һվһ죬˯һӶУʵڲ̫ϲҲûиߣϾûзҲûа¡
ǺôһʱնˣնӲߣӮε˪ҲûôעȥҳӮε˪֮ˣò
˽˹նǰ˵Ϊɱһˡ
ն˵ĸˡɱҾȥûɱɣҵԾ㡣
˺⣺ȥɣҹ£ɱ¶ݣԺʮ߰Ůˣֱ־С
նͷİɣڻʹ磬ʧֵġ
ϣնһ£ܿ͵ָĵطԶ۲ԺŵЩϢжȷʵûʲô£ԺиվſȻϢȣǸ֣ͻ
һֻҹݺ𣬾ʯ֮䣬ſڣƿţһֻè˽ȥϡ
ҶС˯ͦ硣һԺӣȻΣ֮УӮѩˣ˿Ӯε˪ĹոţֻȥӳȥȥѰӮѩ
ŮҲ˯£ҶСڴӮѩһЩ£Ҳһ˿ů
źȻˣһӰ˽ûеƣ¹Դ룬һأ˵غ˲֪һߵĽϸֶ̣˺Ŀ
˭ҶСűӽŵʡѵҪڽҹͨؼ
ǰ˼ڴǰ֮࿴ȷʲô
Ա˼ͳһӣ˵ƻ˲ʱͽˡ
໥һӡ
ն֣Ǹʮ߰ĵĹȻڴϣһ˿ױݣЩ£ȫβ޵աѹֻʺҪɱŮȷʵһ
նܵȻһ˵ֻ˻Σе߶ɱǰϰߣֹͣԷѾˡ
Ľڶ
˭ҪɱңǲˣҶСʡ
Ҳûãϧ⸱Ƥҡ
ҶСæ˵һȣһȣŮˣҲŮˣŮ˺οΪŮˣҪʶ£ʲôҽҶ
ۼ߾ҪƽȴȻ˻ȥ˰һ߾ȻֱϣֱԳһѪˡ
ҶСӾű˷ѽ⣬ҪɱȴԲУʲô
𣬺ժ֣ȻǸʮС㿡Σʣղ˵ʲôҶ
ǰҾҶô˵ԼˣҶСʶԷʶı֣̲ס
ҪҪôˣ˵ôѡʹﲻȫڴߣɣնߴ
ҶСܲ⣺ܵýԼΪʲôҪߣ
ն˵Ҹ׵㲻ҪˣҴȥȸɽ㻹ܿûˡ
ҶС룬Ȼ֪Էʲôˣܱ֮Ҫá
ҶСѸٴ·ʾˣն˵Ҵȥ϶ۣ㶨Ҫһ£򡭡ûʲô֮Ҳɱˡ
ȸɽϣƣŮ䲻ЪӮѩһ£ʰ׶£Զȥɽ±ƣһƬֻͣģӮӦóɱ¾Ѫ
ԶҲûʲôãϷǻ¹צܲɱĺڰȫǣһЩںޣΪʲôΪһ㣬˳ǻƴҲӮڵӡ
սߴԶƻһ˲䴥Żۣ棬Ǹݣɱǰ죬ôģʰ׶ϣĿԣȿ˵£
Ӯѩһ䣬ΪʲôһǴʱȴԵ΢Ц
ݴ߹˵Ĭ֮˵ʶĺѡ
ʯף˴š
֪ƺڻҲһ⣬Ů˵ͤ㣡
ݸŮһȣڼһͤӣͤȣͤһƬϱʱҶѾ̵ˡ
ͤһϮ£ںڵ˿ں󱳣ȻֻӰʹкȻɬʮûҲ֪ʲôģҲ֪Ŀɺá

63

Դӵ֪ӮĻ, ͣȸɽȸɽ˼ȸβ֮Σȸϲ֮, ÿϴɽһ˿ϲá
Դʮǰ֪Ӯ, Ͳķչ, ĳΪµڶ֯, Ŭܲ˵ϢϢأɱ֮λԸΪʿ, ˣƺҲӮĵйء
ţٸн, ⼸ҹʧѰ, κ鶼ν, ⱲӿֻӮӮԼ棬ôͽһˡ
߽ͤǰת, Ӧ˵Щʲôʼûת
Ӯĺ޷Ӧ, Щż, ⱲͶżһʮĻ, ޲ȫ˵
Բ, ʮǰҲǶ𣬵һصɱ, õܸԽڣ˵Υ̹棬һϵλŮ̫˽ͨʱĸʲأֻУұϻعȥģκν²ٻصӮ˵Ѿˣ޿ٴλصɱʱֻܽԼ
˵ʱԼԼǶʱ䣬ÿֻһ£ǾӮʶĻ棬ʱҪɱӮĵģڼʱȴ㵹Ӳ̰Ůɫһ̣ȴˡ
ٻվһ˷֮УܽյӮıʲôӣػһӡ
֪ΪӮõλӮһ֯һи֣ģȻʱ󣬵ӮҲ߹ģ֪ΨһĶ㸳꣬ˣԸþɱģһŹʣ
ӮȻûлͷݼ˵ʮȥˣˣ벻ӮĻţҸ˵Īοܹٴμ㣬ҡ˫ۣһ۽ǻ
ݣ㵱ʱǲǿӣ
˫ۣˮģҰУӮѾתһʮŮӣͺʮǰһģһµգɱκɫҪĿ
Цд᣺ûб䣿һҲûб䣬Ȼô޿ɷ
ӮˣѾˣⲻұӣֻûҵᣬұ㿴ϣҲûҪ
˵̫Ҳῴ㣬ģʹԼҲںЩҪһһʹഺפҪģҸݶΪ쵽
ӮЦЦҪʱ޿̶
ȻԣҸ˵ʲôģʮȥģ
ӮĵЦݽɢһֱӮĴʱɱ̫ʡҲΪ°ɣǰĲҵǴ飬ȻԺͻȡϵ룬ǲҵϢΪϾҲǰӮˡ
ģ벻ôĿ࣬һı㣬㲻һ˿˺ȥӮĵʱֲǿỬѾһЩƣУҲںֻںӮĻš
ӮſļͷЩ˻ƣ·Գܵĥѡ
ӮƽͷŸݣǵŮҶ
֪ˣҵһۿ˫۾ҲΪˣһܣŮһ
ӮһЦ˵ԶӡŮЦɬģ˿̣ȴԵù¼šͳ
˶˵Ժҹҹ˼㣬ĸʲأҸյºҵĻӮӡûң˵λ˱޼ĶҵѶڵжȹʮꡭ
ʱҽӽ֣ҪڻģҸ˼⻧˼һҺʵҶշޣ޶޶ŮԴ󣬱һڣҶǬǸţûİæҶǬϲſʼƽƣʮ֮ͳ˻ɣ࣬Ҳܿġ
붫֮ԺӮӡҪɱҶңҺӮӡ̸УҶǬһң֮Աĺ˳ǻӮӡ˺СۣһֱãҲû׷ʲôиöӮѩСʱҾϲ񳤴һ˲š
Ц˵ȨԸĺжһҪ취Ů
ӮݸһЦ˽ҵ˹Ȼ㣬ǰҾûĵ˽ѩӽҶĺɻУӾǵŮּȥǧǧǧأĵͽöϣǧʱžǱһëĵ˴һǷŮ·ʱӮѩһľͷ
ݹһЦİģʵ㱾һСŮҶ֪Ժǳƺ㻹ã
оôУֻҪѩûдˡ
ͤЦӵŨŨȸɽůɳзѵĺ
ϾҪȸɽˣ˵һڿžˡ
ӮȴԹ˵㻹˼˵ҪȥնһҪΪ˱˻ʹһӡ
һ˿Σѹնң˵ջؽʱˣ书׿ˣԭⶼ㵷Ĺ
ȸɽɽŵɽͽʱɽ·ߣּҹ·УҰңնҶСӻʹһϲߵɽİɽֱ磬ڿɽķܡ
ҶС屾У߼߲ͣˣն
ǣ㣬Ͼ͵ˡն
ҶСִУֹ˵һϾ͵ˣҲˡ
ն˵ûƭ㣬һ·ҽһЩ
ҶСŽɣҲû뵽նô󣬾ȻһѾͽ쵽ߣնɽȥҶСоһɷһ㣬ɽʯڽͬ
Ȼһʼܵ⣬Ǿö֮оϢѹȣȥҪˣʱһգʱն˵һˣ
ֱſվסײһ˵ĻŴϰڻ˵ննشȻúܲԾ⻳ŮӵģҲնĺ£˰£̧ͷһӮѩ
ӮѩĻͼۣʵ᲻뿪͸ɴȥ˵£ô㰡ΪˣְҪ
Ӯѩһֱһֻͷ䣬һҶС˵£֣ʵ
Ӯѩ˵Ͷͱ˵Ҳʵ
ҪˣһҪ㱧
λȽȥˣĥߴɣնóһ仰ȥ
ҶС䲻̧ͷӮѩһЦӮѩҲЦЦŨ
Ъû
УûЪϢá
ĥ˰죬Ӯѩֻúᱧʯףֹһ䣺гȺˣٱˡ
ҶСҡҡλΣȴ̤ʵ뽫ԼѹӮѩֻܹο˵ѩҵﶼˣԺûû˰ˡ֪Ϊʲôһ˵仰һҪҶĳС
Ӯѩͷһֿۣǰʰ׶ϣȻʵʹ̽㸸ĸ䣬ңûаϢ㣬ѹģѩΪѣƽ
ҶСͷӮѩĻѩ㲻ٶҲܣҲʲô붪Ͷþá
ӮѩЦЦ˵ôһȻһɡ
ҶС̴ٵЦ

64

˹, ӮѩŵŮӼ§Ϊ糺죬˽Ժ, 䲻ȻʹҲ, ȥ, ٳ, ̨ףɰٵŮڲٳϰ䣬ҲлЦ, ˼ĵӣһʱЯֶȥ
Ӯѩ;˵Щĵ, ҶС̾˵ùĺÿ, Ҳ
, ʲô£һҪޣǵŮһ㡣
ʲô°ܰޡ
Ƥ, ȷʵҲûʲô, Ҷˡ
˹, ҶСһɴİŮˣվһ, ʶ, ϴӻãΪҪɱӮѩƷ־硣
ҶСˣһ㲻, ƺһ˵ʣʵЩ
ǰҶСһãȻǰŮˣµӮѩĹùãĽӮġ
Ӯĺ͸˶һЦЦҶСЩѹӮڿڣﱧ㡣
ҶСһʲôᶫô컹ðһˣѵҶϣ
ŤͷһӮѩӣҶС֪²򵥣ѵļ©ʲôŸ˵Բ㣬ôࡣ
ôðһҶСͻȻ֪˵ʲô
Ӯѩ˵㻹Ժкܶ۰ˡ
ӮѩҲô˵ҶСޣԽǰ죬׳⣬ĸԶ磬С͸̣岻ãССͻҪȥҸãά飬ǲԸŬܲ˱˵İۣѧˣûҵùͺӡ
Խһ·ҶĵﱻȥңԶĵطûеǵԵ˼ãͲһǣһ㸸ĸ֮ˡ
뵽ͽסѹﶼӯˡ
Ӯĺ͸໥һӣʪͬʱҶСסˡ
ҶСеһִδйůʣҿɴǵҼ㡣˵仰һ㲻֣ΪļûӮ֣Ҳûӣеһжİġ
Ϊһȱĺӣǿȴÿ£ܲ˱䣬ܲû˰ǵһ̵ֱķһӵľˡ
ƻ裬ĸΧ¯ӣǴգɽ亮䣬һ䷿ΧҶСϲ˵ůͣûбݣµĲǾɱͻĵĽҶСĵӮѩĹø裬ӮѩҲǻʹĵ£ǸݺӮһֱεֵŮҶСı硣
ҶС֮⣬ҲûзʲôԣݺӮǵһʽİŮ
ӮעŮԸǰֻ֮ͨڶǰ˵ǳϲޱӣСԴҶǬϱᣬ︮СŮ̶۸ˮûͣ
Ӯĵ˵ҵŮثֻ֣Ըһ㣬о޴һҪ
ϣô
Ӯ룬˵ɣֻȱţҪΪʺ󣬳Ϊһ֮ĸӦҵĸһ£һЩɣɹһ£͸Щ
ֵͷˣһЩôƯԼȴ첻
Ӯû뵽õķȥ۸ˣҲΪӮ޵ľˣʶ֮ǰȷʵһǴʶ֮󣬸ֲǶ𣬻ĵĵӴûӣһһҪĸһ۸ÿһ˲С
ΨӮѩӮָʾģ뷨÷ѩһԶӮѩֲɻġ
ٿôǿֹ۵ӮĺܿοŮ͸
һ֮ԺҶСҲЩʧ䣬ҶһУҶСռˣǰĶĸߵӢӣҲͷһơöԲҶԼܿɶ۾ˡ
ֱץסˣӮѩӦǿĲԾ밲ο
ҲһУҶС˵Ի
˶ˣʲô˼ӮסžƱ֣ôˣ
ҶСԼʧ̬˿Ӯѩ˾ů˵ûʲôҾǾԼ̫Ҹˣҽܲˣ
һ˵ְѴҶЦˣ˵Ů̫ɰˣʲôܲˣԺҺֻã顣
ҶС˵ͷˣΪҶҲҪĺúõġ
ѩҲʶܳʱˣҺø˼뽫顣Ӯ˵
ҶСȫû׼Ŵ͵ģֿ˿Ӯѩôô찡Ҹôô졣
ʣǲʱͷѩɻ飬Ҫʲô뷨ֱ˵ˡ
ҶСҲ֪λشûʲô룬Ǿ̫ͻȻˣһ£Ҿһû˽ѩҲǹҵһֺ߰ɡ
û뵽ӮѩҲһ䣺ǰʶʱ䲻ܾһá
Ӯѩֱôѿôֻ뺦һ£ﾹȻĲǡ
ӮЦ˵ѩҼǵסһóʱˡ
仰˵ˢˣŮ֮飬ҶСʵܱ͵ͷһĻֻٽҹ
Ӯѩסһ𣬻ͬȻǴܴûзʲô飬ô룬йŮһңûʲô˭ҲŰ
пԣ鲻ǲˡ
Ӯѩ˵ùãǷѩĲǣʵֻ뱣ҲδʲôѩԸڴ˳ŵһչһһ
ҶСֺˣ֪ΪΣһЩСϲҪչˣԺкˡ
ӮĴȵ˵ҲĻ£øҲд⣬ϾӮѩкܶҪ
ݾƱˣѩʱգعƻҺùû뾡һа취رλӡ
ӮѩҲһ̫Ƥˣû뵽˻ңҳΪһҪһе
Ӯ˵㸸ʵگָˣӮģҲһӮøǿ󡣡
ӮѩͷǰллøҴӦǣΪʵһʥ
Ӯ˵㲻üŴӦǣҪòǡ
ӮѩᶨѣλİɣΪҿԲҪҵһһֻȢһˡ
ҶСһһٲ绢Ȩ󣬾ӮѩġһһβһӾͷӮѩɴû˵ֻǱˣֺ뿴
ҶСӮѩ׼뿪ʱӮסҶС֣ҪҪסһ𣿡
ҶСһʱ֪λش𣬱ϾǸϵģܻЩ衣
ӮЦ˵㻹Ǻͷѩסһɡ
ҶСһ̣ҡͷҲ˼Ҳסһ𡣡
ãŰɡ
ҶС˵ܲܰһæҵĺ³΢ͩڻ֪ҵܲܰҴŸǣǶع
Ӯ븥һЦֶҶС˵ҪС£ôаæأҾͽǡ
лл
㿴Ҹ˵ʲô
ҶСЦҲ˵лл֪ˡ

65

ȸɽҹһ, ӴȥԵü次
Ӯ˵ʵѩ˵ΪҪǼٵġ
ǰļͷ, ܸȤ
һΣİʩ, ɱһɱһ, Ǿһһ, Ӯ˵ѩİ
⣺룬Ҫȥİ̸̸ˡ
İıĹ𣿾ıĹӮѩ, ǲǾˣ
ݵһЦΪİôı£ҲʱûҲֻǹŪ顣
ӮĲ⣺Ϊʲôô˵
ʱôģ
ӮٴҲЩʹ, ˵˹, , ڴɱ
ܸң˵İѩ֮ʲôϵ𣿡
Ӯ˵ûĲİ˺ܲ, ԭ̫ӡ
, ڼʮǰ¹𣿶ҳ¹ڵǾǰɡ
ת, ԣİһֱ¹, ʹعҵϵλĲ, ҲҰģ֪ʵع, İ֮԰عָ
濴һŶʮգ˳΢΢˵ͷȷʵ򵥡
򵥵ĻӮΪӮһ¾ҵ
ʲôݺܲ죬⼸ȷʵ̫Щ顣
Ӯš
µʲô壿
Ӯ˵Ҳ򵥣ΪİΪĸʵһϵλоɱͻ֯İȻΪʺѡȻҪϻʵۻҪһ˵İǾӮѩӮѩλֻ꣬ǲ˳ǻǵҸλ꣬Ͳˣĸʲŵ˻λΪʵۡ
ҲˣİΪҪ¹عİԶԶģ⻹ҪӮİһΪʵۣͻõҵ֧֡ѩ¹йأôһþɱͻĵ¹սҲ²ûдĻһյѾ⿪ˡ
Ӯʣʲôյס
ƶˣ˵ʱɱܲûеóѣһּʹԸȻԷѩ˵֮ڡʵϣѩûܵʲô䣬Ϊ꣬Ӯѩһ˻λʱֻҪһγ¹ɱѩİôضӮĴսӦþİļƻ
Ӯ˵ȻƲ⣡İļƻһơ
ģѩһ£Ķ䣬񾭱ȻЩӰ죬Ҳû£һ˸ϧҵŽʵ
㣿ӮݸһЦ㲻һӲ١
ҲЦˣʹ㻵һӮŮ̫ӣ߹һ˻ᱻ𡣡ӮĵֿеҹɫǲǷѩʯǸ
ôԶ㿴õʲô۾
ݵһ˿⣺֮ˣһӥҲġ
Ҹһ£ȻִҪ˯һ䷿˵ֽš
ִʲô⡣
ֻ뿴Ӯѩǲ˾ӡ
ö֮Ͳ˰ζ˵
ʯ״ҶСոߵˣӮѩ¡
ʯͷǱģһȣӮѩ£㣬ʯͷϣȻҶС˵
ҶС£ı۰˵ڣôˣӮѩĲ¹⹴ļӰ̲סʣѩ˵㵱ΪʲôϰҰ˵ʵҼǵõһڷ¥ͩ˵Ժ󾭳棿
ҲǻشҾǲ㡣ӮѩǰҲ
ЦҶС٩һסôãûһ¡
ӮѩĮȻһۣ㣿
ֲңﲻì𣿡ҶС˵һ
Ӯѩôһ̾˿һҲˡ
ҶСץӣ˵㲻
Ӯѩ״ҲҲˣ
⻹࣡ҶСӮѩԺҵġ
ģ㣬ָʾһ£ʲôʱӣҺǰһ³ի𡣡
ҶСôĴָ˲Ǽ⣬Ķ˵㶮իûģһ廨ͷ˵Ӯѩô˸
ҶСЦ
ӮѩסЦȻֹǰһ°żٵϢ촽ش˹ЩϰߣŬӦôһĴճ޸оʲô׵ġ
ٺٵЦЦѩʵһ㡣䣬ѩݵȵĲУԸֱܾͷˣѩůȫȫֱдҸ
Ӳ˲ԼĿˮŷӮѩͷߵĿˮһȦҶСزС
ߣҶСʣѩ˵ǲǴСӵܣ
û뵽ô
ʵʶʱһġ
Ӯѩ̾˿˵ʵСʱرԣڵпǸԺӣʱ򣬹͢䣬ҵӵһʱ̫ҲҼҸʣѩأҲ֪ҡҡͷȻҲ֪
ͶҶСвõĸо
Ӯѩ˵ùҲûôȫѲȻûҵҵ䣬ȥˣҵ˸˻ǳģҹȥû뵽ҹ꣬ߺ䲻˵Ǳˮˡ˵ʱӮѩѾ˸е顣
һֱѴ¹ҵߣҲʲô¶ûС룬ڻҲϲϲԣ˵ұȻҪҹؾأҾǡҲⲢҪģһһҲѾˣҲҵпԣҵߣôҲߣִֻ̫ˡҳˣҷͦõģ˶ҲУҲû˾һȥλұڡ
ҶС˺ܲζѩƷôãӦǸĻӣǱֳȴţ༰ʶֻῴıû֪ĵĹ¶ĵ˵Ҳ֪Ҳȷһ⣺㾭ɡΪ¶
ΪΪǿֳȥģҼ˴꣬Ҿһɡȥʱһȥɢˣһ˴һɡһϵҹ·ӴԺҾ벻ɡΪСʱãҴһɡҵͻһ
ҶС۾ģѩ۲˵ˣ˵㿪ĵĺòá
㻹֪ʲô
ˣҵĵĶҲ࣬ͲϲЦô٣Ҹ˵ܿϣллذɡ
˵ôö⻹Ҫãõ޿ɾҩҲҾȻ
ôǰΪҵò㣬ԭҲôҪҶС˵ȻȴһСžţӮѩϲҶĳ࣬ء
ϲһУӮѩ˵ϲòҲϲģòҶҶҶϲ
ҶСܿģץסı۰򣺡ҶСҲϲ
Сһҵͷ
ԺϲҶҲҪϲҶС㶼Ҫϲ֪𣿡
ǲҶСҶֵô
ҶСһΪʲô־ˣپȥҪ񾭷ˣڿʼ˼˰ҶҲҶСҲãǶôһ룬Լر顣
Ӯѩ΢üôͻȻЦôġ㿴ǿ쵽ˣС㣬óЩ˯

66

صס, ǰһ䷿һԻĻһԻѩ, ҶС˿ͷϵű⣬˵ŪôʫʲôſվһŮ, ˵, ǹΪλ׼Է˵»ס·ĺ, ܱ֮ǰӮѩзģİžӮĵⰲš
ŮӼ˵ѾΪλ׼ˮҹ, λԡЩЪϢɣʲô飬Сſںš
ҲЩȥЪϢɡҶССϵվſҲá
С˵л, ҹػС˵ְ, Ҫ˵ˡ
˵, ҶСѡһѩŶ룬һѩѩַ͹, ϵҷ硣
ֱ, ⷿͦ, ԵЩյҲûмҾ, , ӣһӿŴһŴǽ, Щ齣ȴûзԵúСرխһӡ
һŰѩī絲м䣬ת磬ԡĴľͰˮƮŻ꣬ľͰиӣӣëϴ·һӦȫ˵׺ãʲô׼á
ѣ洩ѣЩȣϾӾϹȥ·ϴǶΣѾӾʮ·ŲŹ֣ҿӮѩҲûʲô
ԡͰʱˣִ˴꣬ϷϷˮ¿ʼӣһĻϴ£ôô˵£ַ˷˵㡢
˼ѡˣ䷿ǸӮѩ׼ģˣӮѩǼ䷿ǲǸ׼ģ˿ǲ㣿
뵽һͻЦ
˵£ɫѴס˰ȣתת紩һȹһ㿪ģݿĵȻǽ˵ʹ֮ϡ
ЦţһصĻǰһǽȻ̼䣬Ϳ˸ڷľ
ڷ侹Ȼһ뷿رۣЦǣӮѩֻһ㣬Ȼǹŵģٲһ˿ҲĿɿڴؿ
ı飬ҶС̲ס͹ЦЦöȫ¶棬æ£ͼ˵µסȫ̲סЦ
Ӯѩر죬ЦȻ˹ԭǽŴǽȥŴúϳһŴ֮ǰԵرխΪֻһ봲ԭ
ӮѩӴһѱס˱ҶСӱСһҶСЦǴʱòˣӮѩ֪
Ӯѩڴϣ£˵ҵѻң
ҶСƴѣ㣬ʲôûأ
УҽҪǵþ⣬㻹ЦЦҡ
ҲЦˣˡӣûסЦš
Ӯε˪ĴѾĶƤϣܷԼķߣͻȻе䣬һɽҹ䣬ԡʱһůȫûˡ
һϣʱůͲˡӮѩصڷ䣬˾£ٴʱĮĮؿһĶ
ѩôˣ
Ӯѩͱһ뻳˵Ҳ䡣
ҪôҵıҶС˵ŴȻֻһӣδЩϷˡ
Ӵ򿪣Ӯѩһѱסž͹Ӯѩůüֽӣ类ǰ
ӮѩͷĴ͹ͣȵĴϡ
ҶС޷龰У·ůĻнƵͲ˻˻㣬гĸо
ָоõޱȾãڶ߻죬СʱļĿɬ壬һʹ飬һ̷·ȫͷš
£ǻûгɻ飡һϪɴӵı֮һ䡣
ӮѩĶ䣺Сɵϣἱһʱֻ㡣
ҶСŷϵѺƿղ̫ˣΪȫ
϶ӮѩĻ˯ţһӼףرṳ̊ʵͺ۷ʲôֻҪͶĻʲôҲֵһˡ
ѩԶ˯𣿡
ѩƥӢʮ㣬ĮĮؿһӳһЩꡭʮ꣬öá
ʲôأ뻹ܻһɣһ㣬Ҳ֪㻳˯ã
ѩ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ⱲӲ±ա
ãһΪҵѩҶССʱСèͽѩһиϲĿͨҲѩѩͦʺӮѩ
ӮѩǳЦ
Цˣ£ЦˡȻڵϹ𣬵ӮѩЦҶСĺÿģʶӮѩĵһЦ
һѹҶСͷӮѩˣæСվڴǰ˵£һȥš
һȣѩأ
С˵Ϲ½»ȥˡ
ҶС˿⣬ʲôʱˣо̫˰ˣô˯ô
ڣ¯ĵ񻨿ڳһϸϸỊ̇ա
վղżӮѩ壬Ӯ΢΢˵ͷ˼Ǵ״İûֹƣҲ˵ڿ޻̸֮ӮҲˡ
˵ѩĺãʺϳɻ飡
Ӯѩ˿˿ΣղŸݻ˵ֻǿǷôһ˵ʺϳɻ顣
¡Ӯƺ׼˵ѩĿǰӮʽֹۣҺøҹ£ͨĵָĻλǲģҪɱ
˵ǣҪɽջؾɱһ̣ɱĿǰõܸϣ⼸˷ָҲ˵¹ᣬǾɱģңΥ̹棬ɱٹ
ٹӮѩһݣϣٹ޸Ϊ̻λĻʯû뵽ȻɱɱˣʣΪʲôҪɱٹ
˵㸸ŸعңȢű¹ˣú󣬳µ۾һٵɱ̹棬ɱ֮ˣֻһ޴Ĺ޹»ǲġ̾Ϣ˵ҽɱһЩ飬ھɱѾΥԣʱȡؾɱˡ
Ӯ˵ø˵ɱͻֻϻλӮƮҡ⻹Ҫõ֧֣֯һ
˵İЩ˲ױãҪǵȻǱȽѵģֻ棬ѩϻλƱҪԳ¹ѹ¹սҲǳģҲǰ㣬Ҫ˵İģⳡӮ֮ս
ӮѩʶİҶСȵģҲֵģİʮ˽⣬Ǿһ˵ƺ࣬İҰĻƳ¡˵¹һҹӮձǿ׳Ҳϣ¹һƽĶԾ
Ӯ˵еĸ²š
˵ǵģѩӦ֪µĴ֯аƿ߹ľǰڵľЩ΢ùͨĵΪȡ˺ܴԴҲС˵߹ҪаƺڵδҲܻᳬаƣҺùȻȡаƵİѾԼˡ
Ӯѩû뵽ĲվȻ˲ӦøлҶС³΢
Ӯ˵֯ɱġаơ֣ѩӮ߹սһõĿʼ
Ӯѩм˵øùΪһУѩԻر
Ӯ˵ùòͼر㻤һȫǡ
Ӯѩ˵һҲЩˡ
Ц˵Ʒи߽࣬ڿαλҲҪѧģ⼸ҺùıѧǣҪб
Ӯѩ˵ȻȻС¹ţһֱѧϰ
˵ϷǱΣĿǰ˵ǺѾģӮε˪ҲҲɱȥȻܾ
ӮѩһŴʯ¡
Ӯ˵عλҺø˽ɱͻǻύҪԶá
Ӯѩͷѩס

67

һҹ־, ҶСҲûʲô˼Ӯѩסһ䷿ˣԭӮаţ֮ǰ䷿ֻǿͷ, Ǻܿס, ҾӦо, 򿪴, ɽͣȾһ۾ؿʡһͶַ̣˹رС
һ, ҶСȻǲģǰѩŵѩͦ, ڼ, ˯ǿ, ÿʱԱ߿ϲ
Ӯѩ˵ҪһЩӡ
ҶС⣺Ӱ, Ļʳ𡣡
ӸҸ, ͷ, ӣԡ
ҶСĬĬص˵ͷ, ȻӮ۵Ҫ, ˲ˣӮѩĵӣҲЩˡ
ڳ, Ӯѩۣն࣬˲˶ϸҶСվһԺܺ棺ѩһôʲôܸɰ
Ӯѩһһ˵ʵҲἸˣǻģСʱﾭҵԣʱҵȻֻǿţˣûôóԵˣҾԼö֮ζҲԽԽӽˡ
ҶСޣɡ
ӮѩֱŶͷ΢
һ£ҶСסСôæż⣬Ӹá
ԺҪԣͺ˵֪𣿡
֪ѩҶСػӦ
¶ɽ˴ֽǮɹԶĵطһƽ̹֮أȼֽǮ˼ƷӮѩҲ˵صĹ񣬾˵ԱߵĲݵţŻϷɡ
ҶСһԣСʣ˵㸸ʻ᲻һ𹢹ڻ
ʵҵͬˣϣΪӮѩסҶС֣ģҵŻᱻһ٣ôõĹﵱȻҪúöԴǡ
ѩģǰϲңԺҲһϲĶϱҪá
Ӯѩ΢Ц˵ͷ
ҶС룬ЦĺѵãӮѩƺſණñǰһˣϲ
ӮѩЦ䵭ĵϷǺƣϷӦΣҲ֪ôˣȹҵһҲƴС͸ңͽɵܵܿԤУѾˡ
ҶСҲģʶҶн飬ʱҲ֪˵ʲôοһ仰˵ĺá
ʹΣͨĿͶһЩ΢Ĺ⣬Ȼʪżˮεˮϣ
Ӯε˪ͨµصף̫Ǯغ͢طϲ˴š
ڵص޾ͰУӮε˪һյӡӣƤסȫηŵˣҲʮӡ
ξ춡Դصƿﵹ̾ӦоС
һŮˣһϣһְţȷֿţһ֡
Ůɢͷȴ⣬ϴŹٷȴࡣֻǵͷ
ߵǰ̧ͷ­һ̧һһйٷñϷǱһŮʱȴƥʵıӵӢҲŮӵˡ
Ϸǵ˵ҪɱҪбĥĥ䡣
Ӯε˪΢Ц˵ϴ˱ζôأҾȴ˵ġ
ϷһҪ˵µ䣬룡
Ӯε˪Цˡ
ŭ˵ˣǰĲǱ£ź򡣡
Ӯε˪һ̧Ϸǵʣԣɶϴ˶̡
Ļأּ⣬ūҡ
ڶԵĻУϷǵָģһץϷǵָֻ֣ѾѪ߰ߣǱ̾߼еģϷǵָ֣˶һƣǳ⣺˵ûиϴ̣˵ϴһëҲá
Թģ£Ϸ¿ˮ̣Ͳ߻ӵ䣬ūʵûа취
޹ȥӮε˪һֱηţðֻõϷǵϸ΢
ϴˣ֪ΪʲôҪôŴ㣬ΪȻϲĳӣȻ㣬㣬˵ķε˪ϣϴˣܹ͸ʱ񣬸ޡ
ϷһڣӮε˪ĭϷԴǣҪҸ㣬ΰɣ泼ӣȻǲŹġ
Ӯε˪ֶĨĨϵĭȥͻȻֶ֣ϵĭӨ͸ûвͽǰͷ򣬾Щ̣ζܲ
Ϸüȴޱȵ̹ϷȻʴģһ־ְƫƫûһ¡Сʱ·𿴵һɽʿǸ߸ϵģ޷󼰵ģʱ˿̣ӣһָо
Ц˵ǣ޾ζܲô߽࣬ҴӮ̾һã˵ֻһȴ˽㣬ںʲôⱲӣʶûȾָ㣬ƫƫޣҪһΣ˵Ů˵˺󣬾ͻ˳
ҪʲôϷǵǴӲַˣıôְҪƻ
Ӯε˪תżӣƽˣϷƽڼϡ
Ϸƴ̧ͷޣֱޣ
ǣƾôôУҲûõ˵˺ϷǵĹۡ
ϽĲڿ衣
ηգԺһ̫ſڣȴϷǷЦһ顣
Ӯε˪߳ΣⶣԣҪúƴϷǣϷʧξͷ
ȥߵ챦⣬£˱ʺеޡ
Ӯε˪֪ãӿ˲ӣʱ̫һֱûлãʹߴȻ鲻ԸӲҲֻЭ
ĸϲģϾĵһˡǰҶСӻʹʧ٣ʹӮҲûҵں޲ѡһҶСӣﲻϧҲһֱҽڹ
ҴҸϵޣĴأ裬͵͵һۣЩЩԹŭſڵһһǰһ̽ѪʹĲѣˣôģ
˵һͷأұ裬˺˵ʲô˵ºҲǷޣʲôĶҡ
Ӯε˪Ц˵ôǰ˵ֻΪ޲֪ǾһˣԡĻҲ˵ˡ
վ𣺡ҶѾˣΪʲôںЩǲǾңһˣ㾹Ȼƾָҡ
Ӯε˪ȥ˵Ҷˣѵɱ
£ʲôôɱҶҸͲ֪ģ
Ӯε˪ڵؿʵúܣ˦䱳˵޻ӣҪ޶ɱˣɱ㲻ɱ޾Ͱǵͷ͸㣡
˵ĿӮε˪λҸģ۸ͷϡ
Ӯε˪ȥ˵ǽѴӮȥͲ뵱ʵˣ
ſϿΪʲôΪʲôͲңһҲңһҲ

68

ȸɽļڱ仯ر, գҲ紺һůҶСɽжȹһõʱ⡣
ɽҹө, ʯϣө
Ӯѩץһֻ, һɵȭͷʣץֻ, ²׼Ҫҡ
ҶСôĴָ˲Ǽ, ¶Цֻҿ϶
Ӯѩʧ̾˿㿴ֻ̯֣өӭȥ
ҶСЦһסˣһֻ, ôɳֻ죬Ӯѩô͡
ӮѩЦոպ϶һ壬Ϊһֻ
϶һ壿ҶСһЦ, ֻӮѩͷ, ӽȻµô׼, ͽһɡ
ӵһһζ֮ҶСʣ˵өΪʲôᷢⰡ
Ӯѩ˵ǰҾǴԼ·ҷֵǹƨϵ, Լ·˵ͨ, ֻܽΪǸİ·
ҶС¶ЦԺҲƨɺҵ, 
ӮѩЦ˵ãңִơ
ҪҶСһ˳ȥ
ˮ, С, Ӯѩ濴飬ҶСæѴˡ
Ӯѩ
ҶСܹȥǰ, ѩкָ̣
ԺΪҹشˣӮѩ飬ס֣ڲˣԺ겻ùشҲôɡˡ
ҶС仯棺ôһϰ˵ľ͸أ
Ӯѩ˵ΪҵĴҵɡڣʲô¡
ҶСٺٵЦϡ
Ӯѩֿһ飬ҶСüʣѩǲʲôˣ
Ӯѩ̾Ϣһ߹սÿҶһϢ棬ʵۻиѰҹǿֻ֮ЧѡʵҲΪ·ա
ҶСڨЦʵҸˡ
ô˵ҪϰնϺӵʲôӡ
ҶС룬ôǰѧУѧͲʲô˹Ϻӣʣϰչô
ҽؾ֣ϰֵܸʵֻһС֣󲿷ֻǹټҵģϰջ񲻶࣬˰أҪμӱۣö֮϶
ҶСֻʷһЩļƴһЩϾû飬˵˵ĻҲ棬ҪϰնϺӣȻӵԼһĶֵأϰԼĵأԼķӣԼļˣһڣ˭ҪߣǶᷴ˼ӮҲξѣҲҽǡ
Ӯѩüɢ˵˵Ļ޵ҪùǿȻϰնǿֻиǿˣҲǿ󣬵һʱ˾ͻṲͬˣҪһˡ
ܿ͵һһ𣬳һʢ͡
Ź󣬸˵Ӯľںֹۣܲµ۵ҰĺܲСӮ¹ƿأµҪ׼ܿӮε˪ȡ֮
Ӯѩűӣľˮ΢΢
˵չ󣬾Ƿѩعˡ
ӮѩѧϢȫ
Ӯ˵İѾԽа߹ƿǿ󲻵ڵжǮǮİˡ
ҶСּֿЦϾʲô鶼ûֻܿӮѩʾԼǲԹӡɡ
Ӯļ˵ĿǰаҲѾЭˣº³΢аƵȡϵڣӮľý̡˾ѹȣøѾȡ˾ɱľ󲿷ֿȨڵľɱ츥Լɿͷ
ǣ˵Ϊ˲ݾߣڻ֪ɱѾˣպӮľɱѩǻǱߣҲİ̸ˣȷʵӦ֧ǣİ˲ţΰæܱƻڵһ֣ѩԼ򽻵ǡ
Ӯѩ˵ͷ
Ӯĵ໻ݸһЦˣȷѩعǾͰѻ°ˣٲʳ֮£ˡ
ҶСæʣҪȥİ
˵ȻǴȥؿ˳򱧲ƽΪ
ҶСЦ˵ˣֻԺôǰ
ģӮ˵ÿ궼㣬ʲô£㴫ɱͻĵˣǱ鲼أӦúܿҵǡҺ뿪󣬾ɱͻľͽˡ
ңҶСһãȻ
Ӯ˵ǰ´³΢˵㽨µؤз´оɱͻģԺ󲻾Ϳʵ𣿡
ҶСӶһЦҾǺһ˵氡
ҲЦˣŮôǫˣǼȻ㽫̽㣬Ȼаúá
ҶСֻÿӮѩ˵ǷģзѩڣʲôѲҡ
ڣӮͷԹڣͣһ׵һӵĵز͢޷תľ档
պ峿һȺºͰ³˻ʹ¹פӮʳĽ߽⡣Ӯ˲ٱɱͻĿơ
ɱͻļʵӮε˪ͻʺ˾ڵڡ
ξ춡ԴŽڴſڣһȺ·Ϊ֮ˣƮȻϬǻĴ£붡ԶʮУԴ£ӳ˵⡣
˼ըֳ̳죬ڽڰˣɢȥ
¹ͳǧʿһߣڴڻ˵İȫоɱĸԲвԼӮε˪׼ͽ׼Ѫ֮⡣
һȺ׹شӿз£˴ֻҽ˵Ľɱ˵ĺε˪ߣ߰
ɱͻĳûɱ
ӮѩҶСڹĸͷϣǾɱͻĵĽڡ
һȺ筺·˳˹ҶСϵãƷСʨӣЩ˸У˹Ϊ׵Ǹкӣ˵ţСӷʦ֮ǰ
СӣǾСʨӵĵܵܣҶСУæ˵Сӣлл㣬㣬Ϊʲôˡ
С˵оػʵۺͻʺ󣬷һմǷ˻
ҶСһ𵱳ϮϼĲҰæֹСҵĻϿѻջȥʵۺͻʺͶˡ
С˵ţŶȨбѪеġ
Ӯѩæ˵˵Ķԣ㲻ѪУҲܲ˵
СӦãȥ졣ţСˡСһȺ˳ڹ
ҶС˿û뵽һôĲ״
ɱ磬翪ʼϨڹź߻ӵ£ѭȵگǻ
ϴսսصжӡ
Ӯѩۣ˴˱Ļλ
̫ȻگӮѩʽǻ
Ӯѩ˵һʥּǰ̫ӮݡӮε˪ӮĽԱΪ£ӮԺӣΪ˾ɡ
ǻӮѩ߳һĴ󳼣Ӯѩ˵ةһְߪϷΪةܹ࣬λܸϷģ콫
ּ£ȴһ󳼵ĻӦӮѩתһڴ󳼶ΨΨŵŵ
ϰǲǻΣӮѩǡ
Ϊʲô˵ӮѩˣֳղԣһֱΪӮε˪ûǸɱϷǡ
ԱСֹϴԾˡ
ԾӮѩţϷ˼̵ö࣬ȻУǻΪ³ôԾأⲻܣŭ˵ˣӮε˪ᵽǰҪ
£Զܹһ̫࣬˹˵£ūּ̫ܲ±¶裬ū̷¡̫˵˭ǻʵۣĶӡ
Ӯѩʣ㣬Ϸôģ
̫أ£ϴ䲻ǶǸϴ˾ĥϴ˷˷裬Բȣˡ
Ӯѩ̾˿ֺ˵ҲӮε˪ġ
̫˵£̫˵ȻдѱΪ񣬱¹ΪӣҪʩ̳ʵۺȻʵŵ£һʥвɵǻ֮վ߱ɱֵܣնɱ

69

Ӯѩ侲, ˵һ£ްǰ뿪ʹ޵̴ƿ֪ȥ򡣡
̫ƺ˼, ˵ȥǻʱʹƲ, פ¹, оɱͽ, һȺͽϮ˱µѩŵµӺŮһҴ档
Ӯѩ˵ʵҲԲѣ˭֪¶ʧ, ȥ̫ɣ޼ȻҪʵۣȻɱǰĻʵۡ
ҹ, Ӯǰ, Ӯѩ, ϣžƺӮ۵ƾ˾˵벻, ֻ, 㲻һֱʵ𣿡
̾˿ֻλ, ҡ˰ƣˮͻ, Ϸ, ûбס
ͷʹ֪Ⱳɱ¾̫࣬һߣǾϷ, ԶԽߣĵ֮ߣ֮ǣΪŮΪӣ߽磬象
һ᲻˺һھƣӮε˪ǸʲôڰٹٻΪĶ޲ɱӮε˪ֵܣǸɷ޷ߣΪ޲ʹʧȥɷ򡣡
Ǻ֪ˣʳǺˣĻͲϷǲѩŵļɥӮɱӦ㣬һʥҪĸãĿ࿴
ҹˣӮѩ̤˳ȥ̧ͷһҶСվһɡ
ԭѾС꣬Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һǲģϾĸǱȻʺġ
Ӯѩ߳ãһӽˣȥסҶСļ˵ɵϣô
ҶС˵ҵѩȥ갡㿴յǻ߶ûһ̵ˣÿң
Ӯѩץ֣ͬʱץɡǣɡٸߣбȥӮڻʹҲɱǧҪߣ
ҶСЦ˵лĴϺ;ɱ󻤷أֻ㿴Ҳ֪ǶżӮѩĶ˵Ժ󰡣۸ң
ӮѩǳǳһЦô۸㣬ˣﰡ˵ҪѲɷڲɣ
ҶСٺһЦЩ󣺡ȲˣǲǵȲˣͣļ򣬻Ц˵ģ㲻СˣˣĲ
ӮѩȻһЦģʵǿĵˣ
գӮѩһʥּǸҶСĸģҶǬϷѹʣźǨӮᡣ
֮ǰӮѩͬҶСȥ˽Ĺ԰ҶǬϷ򸾶ͬڴˡ
ʱҶ鲼羰ɪҶСĹǰʹ˵Ҷˣ¿꣬ǴˣһŮ黭ᣬһֺòˣһƥǳ˲Ҷжˡ
ӮѩȻҶСһôԾһ˿Цĳ嶯븸ĸôԼˣתһ룬ǴĹԼ̸ĸĸ߷ڣ֮𣬰Сͷڲͬ
ţҶСȻ۵ؿûҾͶһԵңãءģһúöԴúãÿõģÿģÿ춼֣ǰϢɡͷڱĵϿ޵ˡ
ӮѩҶСĻֿЦԼɶԸĸϢĳŵҲֻóʱģһѱᱧأο˵ҶŮˣᰲϢġ
תȥԶԶһȺ̧̫˹һȺͣסҶǬϵĹ˵ҶˣˣϺҪˣҲ޵ĵ޴Ӧǣõġ
һ·̤ſ֦ҶĹ԰⣬йһ̫ǰ˵£ոյǻͳ˻ʹ̫İΣū
ӮѩϲųϾʱƫֻɡ͵˵Ժﷲ޵ĳвô󶯸ɸ꣬޻ĸôôȥɣ޺أ
ҶСһȺãȻ
峿һʻʳǣԯһۻְŽܱߡ
һһŮ˺ͷȴġ
Ů˴Ȼ£ȴȻ˵޷ο˵ε˪һس¶ɣ㣬ԺҶ㡣
Ӯε˪һۣҪȥҲߣ
ʣ߹ģ㿴кܶʵ۶ס촦ǲҪʵۣȥƽӣòá
Ӯε˪˵֣λҵģӮѩñɵֶΣҵĶˣȥɣǹûҪܰۡ
۾ģǹҲķ˰ôȥλģǿҸæ㻹лġ
Ӯε˪˵Ҫ˵ˣһѾˣҺҲѾˡ𲻾ǰӮѩɽǮһֻ첲Ϊ˱סһʹ
˲⣺ˣ
Ӯε˪˵ʵ˵ҵȢΪλҶûκθ飬߰ɣӽҪңǺ룬ص¹ȥɡ
˺ؿΪʲôҪ˵ֻǲǲң˵ֻ˵ǲǣʵܰңһʼͰҡ
Ӯε˪ܼᶨûа㣬ûйĳ֣ҽҲ
˿޵ϡﻩε˪ⲻģҰץӮε˪˫ҡ
Ӯε˪һ
һᣬͣԯϵ˵¡£Ѿסĵط
Ӯε˪˦ȥ˵Ǯ飬Լؼң㽫ͻس¹ɡ
ץסӮε˪ӣε˪Ҫߣչ㣬òá
Ӯε˪ûпÿˣû뵽ҲһСģƺ˵ˣһᣬۣѵһȳһոӮε˪
Ӯε˪վڴſڣӮѩŵסլΪգȻѣ˿ˣһ˿̣һ˿񣺡㻹Ҹʲôôһ߰ɣߡ
˾ſڶš
Ǯ齫˩ſڵϣ˵£Ƚȥɨһ¡ƿţȥˡ
Ӯε˪ǰţ㲻ҪңҲߣ˴˾Űɡ
ӮѩҵΣһʬ⣬ûҪң߰ɣ
˵仰ֻ͵رסһε˪˵Ĵ˵ٿʱĿһѪǣ˵һϤֲ
ӮĽӮĽͷɢҡҡͷû뵽㣡ʵЦȻҲãʧȥһŮ˵ζ
һѽ˵ӮĽմѪĽȥǮԺ˳ٽȥ׷Ӯε˪һǮ飬ˣ
Ǯ鱯ߵ𽣣æȥ£͹ȥ򡣡
˴Ŵÿһ£ʹӿѪ˿ε˪Ҳˣˣңҡ
ĴԽԽӮε˪Ļ۾ںϡ
ˣӮε˪ؿôôɵһΪʲôҪҵˡ
ε˪ƴ۾㰮𣿡
Ӯε˪ˮģҴˣҲŷ㣬ңҲʧȥ㣡
ε˪ԲҪˡ˳׵غ۾
Ӯε˪ˣȥǮ飬Ҵ򣬿졭
һҽͣӮε˪˳ȥ򣬿ҷˡ
æ̽ӣȰο˵ӣѾȥˣ
ѣӹҽҪɱ㣡Ӯε˪Ǯ飬ɱ
ŵɫүܸ
Ǯ˵£ʱҪٻһҽݰɡ
Ӯε˪߰˼ҽݣǵõĴ𰸶һڴţĿͣ߶ʲôƺһֱţһֱȻš

70

һգ۾͵괺, ϽӣصѾѹ˻ǽһߡ
Ժվһص̫͹ŮһŻ¹װŮ, ӣ˵, , ˭Ҫ԰
µ, ͬǲԣǿɡ
, ǽŰŮժ˼ӣһȥ̫͹Ů˫ȥš
Ҷſڳ, ŮӺôһ, ô
˵ѵôҲ, ÿһëǶ᲻á
ȺƨġŮӳңǣֻ߳һ, Ӣ, , ѩѩ, أ
µ˶£򸣣
Ӯѩ˵ɣ̧ͷϵ˶, Ŵ糺ۣͷ٣Ŷɫͷ, һʢ
Ӯѩһô߸
ٺ٣ҶСֲ֧ѩӸɣڷϲ£ҧһڣӸӮѩ
Ӯѩһӣҧĵطһڣ޲ڣĺرҧĵطֳ˵̫ˣٲҿˡ
ѩҾվһȺӣҿǿģҪժѩԡӰæһ¡
ҡҡλβӣµ˷ӮѩŵĲ̧ȥˣŷ֣˿
һߡҶСԸţһĺ죬ۼҪˣһ˷ܽһڣհק֣ȴʧȥģбˣСһץңһץӣק˰ûקȣȻȥ
ҶСһûнг䵽һʵĻҿѾб࣬ߡӮѩȵغᱧͷ˵̫ˣҶˡ
ҶСԹ˵һΪ㣬ûĵġְҾ㿴һժġ
᲻óԣǻȥӹ
˵Żһˣһ·ȥ
ӮѩҶСϣʼۡ
ҶСֱ㶵˵ģͣ
ӮѩһۣҾ뻻
Ӯѩ˵գҶСæɫ
£̫һ𡣡
Ӯѩش𣺡ãȥ̫ǡֶҶС˵ҪҪһȥ
ԸȥɣҶ֪̫Ҫ˵ʲôͷҲв顣˰֣Ц˵ඣ
ӮѩֻһȥҶСޣŮȥأ
ϵطȵϢҡߵһطۿһˣɻ֣ҶҪӮѩʹԺһܿĻȻҲܹƾʲô־͵ϲ
һᣬһɫ۵ˣںһ͹ʯͷϣҶСϵǾɱĻԭУԴ׸ݴĸӮ˼ĺ󣬾ɱͨ磬ʱǱĻԭС
ԭʯͷϣһ񣺡˵ԭǰ
ҶС̫ϲɱ㱨飬ǴɱɱΪ˸ıɱķѾ˺ܶ취
ԭ˵ǷĴڣգϲкŮΪӣͨŮɱ֮ȥŮѾмˡ
ҶСڵģ˵ֱ磬ɱ˶Բա
ԭӦսּ⡣
һȡҶСæ˵ҵԭ磬˵˶ٱ飬ֻ֤ݣɱ˵齻͢
ԭ̾˿ǵȷǰķԸʵۺرƫģң⡣
ҶСüԭǻʵ۵ˣȷʵð졣룬ҪơЦڶŮʹʱǸˡ
ԭбﲻסЦ˳Ǹʧ̬ˡǻᰴķԸȥ졣
ԭиߣһŮŷ٣ĵɢҶС֪£ĵĴϣһʯͷϣ˹˵ˣǰ
ˣҶСϲòѣϲˣÿһЩϲϢ
˵ˣµõǱߵϢһٸԩٴ仯ԩĹ£ҶСرȤ
ﻹһ棬ԸҶСˣ·Ͽġ
̰ˡ
ߺ̽һİТТǰ˵ڵˡ
Т´ֱӽͺˣԼˡ˳΢ͩôдء
ТЦ˵һϲѶͩϲˡ
ҶС˵˵ųɻðи
ҶСǵûӮѩɻְܲӮ˻ʺ󣬷ر࣬ÿҲҲܣҪĺѣʱӮѩһ
ǰȥһˣҶй񣺡ʺ
ҶС˵Ժұ񣬻ǽҰСٺ³΢ڣ˴ųгۣӱǰǮˡ
ҶС³΢΢ûôǿ
³΢˵۹࣡
㣿ҶСȻһЦ㣿㣿
ҶЦˡ
˵ԽԽÿˣ˻ʺǸ̬
Ҷ˵磬˵ұˣȻ㲻Сˣ͸λÿ˶Сұ˵õÿ˶ء
ǳ̧һຢѾܹĳԵġ
ҶСܰЦˣֶ˵˵гþƣһϲ
˵ӻҪһ£Ӯͱ½һԷȣñ
ҶСæ˵磬øסլЩǮԲ𷹵ĺǰɡ
˵ӣʵ˵ɣǵǮڸɵйˣԸ㽨ԷǮǺСһǮ
ҶС˵вУҲ˽ŲðǮô˵ˣпյĻ˸ҴԵġ
ٵͷУӦӡ
ҶСĴ˿Ϊʲôûͩ
³΢Ŀ˵ҪԵͩһˡ
ҶС֣æȥ˶¥᷿һƣͩվڴǰᶼ޺ˣͨһ˵С㣬Բ𣡡
ҶС֣ô°æͩʣԣ˭۸ˣ
ͩſޣû˭۸ңͩ¡
ҶСοͩ𼱣ʲôú˵ǰš
ͩ˵Һ³΢Ҳ˵Ժ̷С㡣
ҶСʣôˣ
ͩͷ˵³΢ǣҵ֣ʵһʼǾܾģɲ֪Ϊʲôڡ
ҶСϲѣ˵ͩӦÿĲǰɵϣϲ³΢˶԰ɣҼͩгϢˡͩ񳤴ˣü۶ˣԽԽƯˣʱЩ滨ꡣ
С㣬ͩ۾Ϊʲôҡ
ΪʲôҪ㰡³΢ֺÿвţϲ˰Ǹѻ¶Һͱ¶μ񡣡
ͩҶС׼ȥӮѩǣʱ³΢ǰͣҶС⽫еʣ΢ܱ֤ͩҸ𣿡
³΢Ц˵ǰҲһûͩŵ㣬عææתʱӮʧأƣҿͩˣ΢չˣʱһҾͷϲ
ͩ񳤴ˣǸŮĵˣ΢һҪϧ
³΢ܼᶨ˵İɣһͩһӺõġ
ҶСͷͩˣȥ
һС꣬˵ͩˣҶСȻϲõúϲ£졣
ТһѶҶСѾ߰æסˣ΢΢򣬴Щأַ˵ϣ̧ͷ¶ɫūûá
ҶСһЦТ㶼ЩʲôҼҰѳ
Т˵ͩͳ΢ϲǣȻǸһЩֵ㡣
ðͶˡ
Т˵аƿǺ£Ⲣ
ҶСʶ죬̲аֻʱ⣬аϲ֣ⳡϵ˵¾ó΢ɣҲҲ֪
õģһȥ͸߳΢硣
ТߺҶС˵ҼͩҪˣҺѩ
ҶСߣӣһ㰢ТŻˣʹãϽȥ
һǰѳԵİȥģһ˻÷ָ˳ԡ
˰һѶȥ·̫ᣬҶС˲ֿˡһ̾Ϣֵ÷ָˡ
ȥ̫ȥҶСסǣÿõˣæҲܰװˡ
ÿ̫˼ֵ㣬ϹϾ񣺡лл£
ҶСֵ㶼򿪣԰˵ʲôԼá
ҾǸġ
ҶСһЦ㰡ΪҰģ㲻ֳ֪ˡ
˸һЩ㣬˵˵ЦЦ

71

̫Ӯѩתʮ, ˵ǰӺݻ̫
̫ӭ˵, 
Ӯѩ̫ԡ̫˵, ·æ, ұýġ
ĸ, ʱĽ̻壡
£Ҿ㣬ʺˡ
ӮѩѲ³̫ʮа˾Ϊ, ˵ĸųɻã黹
̫ü˵˵, ʵ۹ȻҪ, ҲͬҪ
Ӯѩ˵Ȼ, ҹദҲǳ¡
ҹദΪλûнչ
Ҫڶ
̫һϽ̫ҽ㿴
ӮѩȻʧЦĸ, ޵˼Ȼҹദ, κæ, ҲЩҪʶˡ
ǰ, ʺԲ
, УȻС
ǣҸ̫ҽʺơ
Ӯѩæ֣̫Ķ, Ȼöһ㲡ҲûСҲͳ顣
£̫סһֻ˵Ȼʲڣĸȥ磬ҲĸףϣʵףʵаȻ̸ǻʵ۸ӦںãҲȻʺĸԸϣ㿼ⲻΪ㣬ҲΪӮ𢡣
Ӯѩ˼˵ĸ󣬶ģֻȢҶһˣϣĸȫ
̫΢΢̾Ϣ㶼ˣһôȫ㣬Ȼȥɡ
պҶСغͰ˵⻰˵̫ȥ𻰡
ҶСһӾˣȥ̫ǣһǹر࣬˼ܰ˵ֵ£ó˵ܾرˡ
ȻҶСһ̫˵ʺ󣬰ҽ㣬Ժȿϰߡ
ҶСæ˵ĸԵĺãסĺãĸĸǸա
̫Ц˵⺢ӣ˱Ȥ
ҶС룬ô˼һˣ˶뿪ʹ˰ɣӦУȵ˰
̫˵ҽΪ飬Ϊͱµ£ǳҲаˣһֱãż
ҶС˵ĸİɣҲΪŬأÿͱӣΪһŬ
̫˵ʵǰᣬҲŵһЩʲôڹΪ̫ӣӦΪ𢿼ǣ˵ЩģڹʱҲ˵Ȣ˾͹ˣ֪˵ƢݵеڶŮ𣬿ƫƫڣε˪ĸӡ
ҶСԶԣԭ̫ͨȰʵȻʵ޿ɺǣҪ˷ѩʵЩѹǻʺλӾɼмʵֻȢһŮ˵ġ
ҶСֻӦ𣺡ĸ˼ˡ
ҹ䣬ӮѩصޣͿҶСڴϣӮѩ⣬ʣô˯ô硣
ҶСקűӣЩɥѩ˯ҰҶЩȲˡ
ӮѩһЦǲǳԴʲôˡ
ҶС˵ò绨ǧģͣ˵㸣󲻴󣿡
ͣӮѩҿסЦӣѹ׻ƻϣҶС˵һҹֵǧһҹǼֵǰúóҼɣ
ιҶСԺ˯ˣۿ綹ĵˣӮѩְӣʱ㷢ֿ˿ӡʱҶСܰ˯ȥȴЩߣӮѩ½
Ӯѩ˿еӣʣǲ̫ˣ˯š
ǣǱ顣
ʲô鰡˵˵ɡ
ҪҳԵ㻳˵ɡ˵žӮѩӮѩ˫ֱסָѹסӡ
ҶСͷŻƻӳյףѩҲ֪ģǲҪȵңһʱỳ֣㲻Ҫ
Ӯѩһָѹס촽ǲֺ̫˵ʲôô࣬Ůּ⣬ǿġ
Ҫ£ҲϲӡҶСڰѲ˵Ļ˵˳һʱúίҲŬ
ãӮѩһЦôȣѰȥ
ҶСˣžͱ췢֪Ǹûĵġ
Ӯѩæ̧°ͣ󿴿ҿûˮ˵޴ǲ𣿡
۸㣬бӦġ
ӴӴ۸ˣܱܲӦӸң
㣡ҶС̲סЦԣ
Ӯѩס룬Ҳ˵𣬽ֻȢһˡ
˵˵
԰鲻£Ҫ֮£޷ַǣֻҪܹ֮ӣϹ£ҾʹӦ㣬ֻһˡ
Ҿ֪꣬ộҶСŬ죬㻹ˡ
ǧ˵֣㻹Ҫһأұܻǰͷ꣬Ҫҵĸʵһһ
ҲŲʵأʺѾܸˡ
ºҶСÿӮѩĸ׵ҵõĳΪÿ춨ƵģͨҪζࡣ
ҶСɾغף룬԰˵㿴Щû
˵Ǳǰ̬ЩūΪǰÿˡ
ƶֵĺÿġҶСô˵ȴ̡
˵ôƭ㰡ñ˵˵ҶСæ˵ǰΪʳΪϲ볤⣬ԱáǣҶСſڣÿʱҶСͻȥߣ˵¶ҲǣǶ˵ºɾ£ġ
ҶСЦúϲ£죺ԴӳҵǣԽԽˣϲԺ󾡹ܿ䣬ã㻳֡
ոտżҶСоһθոճԵ³ַſ򣬾θܡ
Żˣôˣ
ʺϲˣҶСڴϣҽ¹ϲ
ҶС˵ӮѩɻѾһˣˡ̧ӣصϲ
ҪܹϲǡҽһѣֿһѰ̥ҩ
ϲ⣬ҩվڴǰ֪룬뵽ʲôūҪȥ߱Ϣű˻˼켸ҹһӡû䣬Ѿš
ҶСֶȥˣ˵»ڴ񣬵ȥ˵
ϲ̵ѩ֪ˣ϶ü죬Ц
һ£컹ûȥɱͻĵԭءҲҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ȥȥɻʱ䲻ƻʱѩû˳Ϣԭ̣ҲĿġ
деʯ·ϣӭ̫๬ŮЦ񣬸ߵһǽǰշһˣҶСһϳǾɱĻɷĵػһ̣ôˣ
ɷȻԭˣһ档
ҶСһԭ书ôߣôæʣԭ
ɷ˵ڹ⣬£¾ͻȥԭ˵ܣûҵ
ҶСĲѣæ˵̣ǧҪͺȥ
ɷǰ˵ʱҪ±뿪ʹ
ҶСֲȻͷڸһ䣺̣һϢҶкˣСһЩ
ɷ¶ӵ飺벻
߰ɣҪϢߴңԭһҲܿġ𣬡ˣղű˵ҡ
ɷᱧ籧һأ˵ģһ֪ͨ¡
ӮѩһջصޣҶСˣæʣȥˡ
Ҳ֪û⣬һ飬̫Ѿߣ˵ոճȥߡȹϵϣ޸ٸ̫๬Ůں·ѰҶС
ˣ£һȥɻؼɱͻĵˡ
Ӯѩͷ΢Ҵָɻأ类˦ںԶӮѩ˺ɻأԭкѾ˼ҲЩ֣Ӯѩʣλ𣿡
ԭ˵£Ҳһֱڵأѵˡ
ӮѩԤвã˵ҵ˶ʧˡ
ԭ𾪲ѣæ˵±𼱣Ѱʳǣһҵ
ԭȥӮѩȻоĿڼѹ֣ϲľϲʧ٣һʱ֮޷ܣ˺ɻأһ̫
ӮѩɤӣּȫǣʺʧٵϢɴȥжξ̲ңҪ죡

72

ҶСո۾, ͷֲԾɷĵطǾɱڹסլ䷿һ, һ룬ܿɽҰһľ, Ҳ֪˯˶೤ʱ䡣
ǵñɷ뻳вúʧȥʶ, һֱج, ǰȻɷƭ
һᣬӲߵСľű, ɷ˽һˮʲô͵, ΢Ц˵, , ҸոһҰ²ӡ
ҶСϸụ̈ʵңʲôط, Ҵʲô, ԭֻĻӶ԰ɡ
ɷ촽, ¶һ˿ɫϵһֱ, Ȱο˵, µ¶㡣˾Ͳܺȣȡ
ҶСץ, һȥطԱߵϣߴ˵˵աЩֻ̣š
ɷ˵ôһˡ
ҵȲҪ͡
ɷ֧˵Ϊɱǰԣ㣬ϳɱһֱĻ䣬͡ᣬ˵صɱϣõϿɡ
ҶСţصɱԭ֪ͨһУΪʲôҪҴ֪У̫ܶ󣬷£»ҵġΪʲôúһ룬ŸԵĻô
ɷɫӣҲ֪Żǲšʱ⴫һִֵŲҲνֶŮˣȥɡ
ҶСһѾƿˣķҰҲӵݣռ伫СξӭŴţֲȻսһСȭͷʮ꣬Żۣͷûк룬һӥ𺺧ˡ
ɷæ¹򣺡ˣ
ҶС⣬ɷΪɱȴһ˳ˣ϶ɷѱˣһıηûվѾߵǰԶֶŮҪ񡣡
ҶС̧ͷЦƤ񣡡
΢ЦӦȻǸݵŮֶŮƢҲС
ҶСֱţ˵ɣʲô
ԹһЦֶŮΪؾɱȻǰ͸¹ʵۣǳµһֱõ
µۣҶСһͣµ۲ĳ¹̫S˵ĸ磬Ӯ۸һǵ
ˣ㲻˵ͽ̸ؽ֮ôҪ͸¹ɷܵƭһݵı顣
俴һۣµŮ˾Ҿ˯һҹҪҪңǱŮҸԴϲҪǿ㻹еãһھɱѾɣûˣҲ޹أȻ쵱ͽɱǲŹġ
һɷȪӿɷ˵ˣΪô࣬ǰҵһӣҰѽҪұͽ֮Ҫ߽ɱңɷҶСǰ
ԶҪԣѽǰɷѾ޵ϡﻩҶСҲЩˣȻɷȻ
ɷÿɷĺðһѽѪϣȵģҶСæվסɷϸɷĸг
ɷ浹£ҶСҶСûһϣɷˤԵأȥϵҲȥˤƬ
ҶСſʹ̣̣
ɷ΢΢һ½ëһ΢Ļӿ˵Բ𡭡ͱۡ
ҶС˺һ֮վҧ˵ɱ㣬ǳ
ãھͳɡ
ѷ˰ɣҸߡҶСԸ˵ţȴῴɷ
Ц˵ãҺϲģɷйһҹҲĿֻ㣬úܣеӣ˵¹һ·Ϊ˲ɱͻĵע⣬Ҳò㡣ֶŮһ¡͸ҡ
ʲôҶСˣԵֻδǼʱоһѣԵģǰڣ޾ĺڰ
ٴѹʱ򣬷Լ˯һŴϣϸⴲٿ⣬þ£󡢻װΣþ
һ뵽ǣǳµSŵסSʲôĿģǽģʲ
򿪴ˮ棬һƣʱӦϣԼԼܿ氶ϵĹ͢ܣڻʹһƾβġ
ƿţᷢʲôȥû̧֣žѾˣǻƵĻ⣬ԳһʶS
˼Ȼٴμ£ǾЩ
SŽ˿ƵĽɫһϲָ߰ĿעˣĻںģܹܿͳ¶ķɣģûܽʹҲ뵽ס
ҶСһۣۿһӮĻʺʲô£
S˵˵ʺһҲġǰȥסҶСҶСţ޻֮Sõϣ£ЩºͣȻУͲҪվš
ҶС̧ͷ֪ҪʲôSĿת˵ںĿ֯ݣɱġﶼʧȥ㣬˵ǻ᲻ż
ҶСػһۣͳǰȥSŸɣĿǰϻѩĺӣҪסӣΡ侲˵ʧȥң˵ͲҪҲ⣬ҲɱȨıʲôҲʧȥûʧûá
S˵ô룬δأԴ㵱˻ʺӮ֯ǳ¹ɲѺãŪ޶޷Ĵ̣¡ڣ¹ľҪͲ١
ҶСһͰԶɣҲûȥ
ãSЦ˵ôŮˣƫ㣬޿ϲSһתñʲô˼ʱԴеĺӡ
仰ҶСһĻSĴļͷΪ仰ĬĬţȥֻͷ
ȷʵ˼۸SҽһֹѸܵʲôܲ³߰˷֣SӦһֱġ
SͣϣƱҪ
һ龰һҶСһǺ֣Sã棬ȫǹ⣬Ҳһ͸Ůˡܶᣬ
ּʱ˵һ仰ͷһ־ͷˣһַŭϲ֯нѡ
˵ʵ޶Щϲ޲Ź㣬Ҫ㣬˾Ͳ䡣
ҶС͵̧ͷˣ
Ҫ㣬ôӮѩõǾԲŹġ
ҶСҡҡͷ벻ˣˣҲϣ˵£Ĳ֪ҷѩѾŹǡ
ǰ˸ϳʹҪɱ¹ֺࡣ޻Ϊ˱ӮҲһᱻ޵ڽ¡
ûҲһôɡ
SһЦ˵ѾôҪûһô׽޵ĵһ塣
ˣҶӮء
ڣӮѩΪ޵ĿܣҾͲһҲں㡣
ҶС˵ҵɷ϶ںӮĻʵۣҲͲں
ãǾưɣSţͣסеĺӣҲں𣿻Уñκ˼ֻҪһˮ޾Ҫеĺӡ
ҶС俴SıӰҪǶеĺղͶˣΪкֻίȫSһڳԵģһůú˳
ֻҪҵĺ˳ҿΪκ飡ҶСʹĵ˵һ䣬Ҳùϡ
һСӣS˵Ҳ޻ῼһ£Ⱥӳͳҵūɣ
õȫңҶСٴСͺˡ

73

һ, ䷿һΣȻӺܴ󣬴ķ羰Ҳ, ȴģΪ, κη, ܶ
һ, ͷˮ֣Sż٣ҲΪ, SδЩʲô֡
ȴһ, S鲻, ˾, ҧֱϣҶСƿ˵£ڲ, Ӧ, ҪҺӳ
SȻͣס, ӴҨһˮ, SȫȻ, ſΣˮʹҶСת˳ȥ, ڹŵһɲǣط
ҶСڴϣSֶУÿһSĵܣֻţɬˮʹֱϡ
ӮʹһλصĿˣһλ߽챦
ӮѩԶԶ綹Ӱ𽥱󡣼겻ᣬҲ˲٣ҹʧˣÿһζҶСЦѹֻܳƬ̵̰˯
ӾɱͻĵϢҶСܱܿȥ˳¹ϢǼ٣Ӯѩ޷жϣֱ¹ţSױд֮⣬ҪӮѩӮΧǳعãҶС
Ӯող죬ʵãԣǱضSʧɱˣҶСӮ֮ѡȻѡҶСǹ潫͸¹ôͳӮʷӹĻʵۡ
ֱİ˵Դ֡
İǰ裬£˵ǳ٣ʧȥյ򶨡
Ӯѩ˵ȷԣ޷񣡡
İ˵һŮĶԱôҪ𣿡
Ӯѩ̧ͷİĿһе⣬ӮȽȽĽһŮ˶ȷʵҪҶСɲһⱲʧȥһУҲʧȥ
ӣҶӮѩ豭ַ£ҵǱ֮ˮûûҵġ
İ΢Цص˵ͷȻѾĳһ񡣡
뽲
İ˵ӮʵСгɾͣȻ¹޷ȣȻһ۵Ŀܡ
Ӯѩ΢ף޼ӣҪԳսһʼͻ޾ɱ¾֮УַǳӮ߱ȱȽǣ޻¹սڡ
£ʨҲǻ˵ģУʨǱھɱġﶼϣϷҲԸ֧㣬֮⣬Ϸ򻹻عɳԮһ֮
ңӦûбԭ򡣡
ûӦ֪ҵݣԸףսƳ¹ôδҲָܻĶֻҪ¹һء
Ӯѩ˵д⣬롣İҪԾЩݣȷʵǱ¹𣬵Ӯһ㣬ûг¹һ룬İָõǳأҰġ
İ˵²Ҫˣ㻹ǵҵ֮㻹ж೤ʱ䣬Ҽǵǲ£ʱ䲻ˣ±Ҫڹ³¶ǰͬİЩѹƺǷɵ顣
Ӯѩ̾Ϣһ
İ˵δǽλʺǽӻֵܣǶǱµ飬Ǵ˿̣Ӧʱ飬ʱһڵġ
Ӯѩн¾ģ˿İ첻ҲҪµġ
ϣ޵ĴȥµĻʹɵҹҲ
֪úòãӮѩĵ˵ĺ㣬ͺӡֻʣ¼ʱˣһҪ㡣
ȥ˲֮󣬾ɱͻľʧȥǵϢһʱ֮仹ϵϣģֻҪǻһһž۵ġ
֪κðգҲ֮S㲻ģҾҲ嵽¶ԸҵĲһƽ
ʮ󣬻ʹԺ쳤ìۣӮѩףڸ߸ͷϽġ
꣡ź쳹
һ̫ԶԶܹǰ£̫ϣ˼ҪһŭΪհϣ¡
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̫ƽʢʿź
̫Ŷ䣬ֻ˳ȥ
һ֮ӮѩŴѾ˳¹ı߾ϣĴ֯Գ¹Ǻ͹ؿƵɧţӮѩľӼҡ
¹Χǳصؽɫ󼸺սˣ
ű򿪣ҶСԲԲĶӺͺԻSݺݵ˽ϣ͸ҶСһ輸ϣֿʼˮӮѩ̫ͼ˶ܴ
ͺԼİ˵ˮҶСҲĬĬţһ䣺ʹȥ
SĮȻؿһۣףҲ֪أ޵ľûеˣҪµٿվսȭãʱó¹Ļ֮ʦˣɱӮѩɡ
ʲôǻ֮ʦҶСǵʡ
ĲӣҪ֧ȥԿغԵģҪǰʹˡ
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˵ĵȻЩSбſȥֻͷ˿޳⣬ǳˡ
Ҹ棬ˣ͵ʲôû˵ɡ
սڳ¹£¹ɿʼĽڽڰˣ˸սӮĹԽԽѣһսСĹֳ֧õսʱ򼸺ĵز
ӪأӮѩʣȺս£һ˵£ٴȥһԵĶûˡ
Ȼ򵽳¹ˣǾȥһ˵
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һ˵⼸£¹ȻûþӪҵǼ֮ʱ¹ͻϮ
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һ˵˵¹ǲҲ򵽳¹ˣ֧֮ʦҲ紵ģֻҪǲһսʤ
ãӮѩվ𣬻ӽնȥһǣλʿ޾һս
ŵڽ
Ӯѩߵ⣬ʿ£Գ˵Ҫ¡
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³΢򣺡΢ѩ̿㣬Ҫûʳ޲֪ȥ򣡡
³΢˵²Ҫлʺﶼģοʮʯֻսգ·;ĳսʿϡȱĶȴһʱ˲
ӮѩЦ˵ʮʯʳѾˣһս
ףտ
³΢һԱ˵Ǻ鸣졣ֻγ¹ܲ͸սͻȻɳ֮ʦϮǣʳʿӭս
һ˵ֻ࣬ĩűһܶȹѹء
Ӯѩּλ϶һҪ³΢һʳ˻ҪҽԱҪҹϮ
񣺡ǣ£
ˮҶҶСź棬ַŶӣ⼸оӺܲŻҪˣܵǰս£Sնδ𻰣㱨ս顣
SˣһϲɫĽǲͬѵϲɫһϲҶСЩǳ
SץҶС֣ʱһѾʮȻSЦ˵޺˵ˣӮѩʱˣʱɳ֮ʦȫӮˡֻڽ¿ɳɣ
ҶСʣǰ˵⾫֮ʦҪŸؾ𣿡
ؾǲˣǧѷĻᣬֻҪ޽ȥҪȫӮѩҪӮӮ𡣡SһҶС͵ſϷɣ
S˵գȥ¡ҶСͻȻʹһ£ҶӲܲҶСŶӣʹ಻
SæסǲҪˣ
ҶСŴӦҪˡ
S˵ȥҽ
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ɣⲢ޵ĺӡ
ҶСÿ˵ѵûһЩ飬常£ǹŽľϣܽӡ
S˼˵޿ϣֻʱϣ޿½㡣
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74

ʲôS˵ؽ, ȥнܹ˵, ɱͻĵˣɱһ, ӪȺ, Ļɢ
ھ, ôܱһЩɱSڡ
λ³ٳûо˺ƣʱҲ, 촦
һ෹Ͱ
SϳǽѾ㼯Ĵɫ, кɫ, ؾȻ֧Ԯˣ
ʱӪûм, ¾һҾ档
ӮӿʼǣS󺰣סһҪס¶䡣
սϴ賿, ǳҡҡ׹, ӮضĹһҲûм
һͷSǰ, ʹ󣺡£署Ͱ, ڽͻü, ȵ˹Ƴǳأ¹ǧҵܱ
Sۼսܣŭɶ, һ󳼵ͷ­ˡ
룬¥ϣӿһȺ󳼣ͷڵأ¿ǽͰɣΪһҵ
S߽ӣٽȥǡ
£ӮضʬҰʿˣӮѩ϶սѪɺӣĲ̡
̾ҹޣҵѾˣڻǿţ֪ڳУܺһ棬ҲĿ
ӮѩȻһѣҡҡλҪȥһæ£ǲ̫ˣ»ӪϢ
ӮѩǰĻ棬ǿô˵û£
ʱǰ£¹ǽͣµ̸顣
ӮѩһּЩģûϸ˵ã޼ƣʱսˡ
˫ձŴ򿪡
磬ڳ¶ڣӮѩ¹󳼡İؾؽİһԡS֪ȥ
İҪָΪ⣬Ҫ¹ڽɽ¹󳼺İ֮䷢˼ҵ
һʱ̸֮ͽ˽֡
Ȼһ˸󺰣Ӯѩ£Ҷ͸ˣ
ӮѩŤͷһӵСŴһýһŮ˵ĲӣŮźӣŮ㲣һ·һ¡
͵վ𣺡ǾŸµ˼˲ٻˮ
£ǵĺҶСÿ¡SһץסҲܵ
Ӯѩ˵ֶ֪S˵SҪܷŹ
ҪҷǶӳ¹Ϲ
Ӯѩİһۡİü˵²µĹͻһŮ˰ɣ
ӮѩȻ˵޵Ȼ֪ͬ⣬ӮʿѪģȻЩǸ˵Ļ˵㣬Ϊ꣬¹ñֶȻܣָͬģϣҪ롣
İ˵֮ǰº˵Ĳˡ
Ӯѩ˵̸ֻͣǷ޲˵ȻӮվڳ¶ڣǲûʤ¹Ҳû䡣޲ԸҪ¹Ĺǳ¹黹Ӯİǳأǳ¹øֶδӮ϶ߵġ޵Ļô࣡
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SȴȣӮѩʣʲôǣ޶ϣҪ˵ģҪҶӵ
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ǰĺתɼžSķŭر䵭ˣеĽȥĽʹ
ӮæǰסҶСӮѩһӾͳȥסҶСҶСĻУüϸϸɰ˵һžˣ޵ĸǣ޵̫ӡ㿴㣬ضǣ
ѩĺÿģкӣӦǣҶСˮ
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ܣܣѩġҶС
ҲۿӮģǰӱأǻȥɣС̫Ҫʱǻǡ
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˵ҵҶС̧ͷҲɢظɿޣֻѪ۽ʦҲţҵرµòã
İҡҡͷѾˣǻԺˣûлٻˣʺڰɣС̫ףʺӦĸʵϽɽ
պӮʹϣӮѩڴϣûѪɫֽһǲû
С̫ӱչˡҶСڴǰӮѩһӮѩ֣Ȼģĸһ˿¶ȡ
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˴ѩҶСΪӮѩϵıģû仯¯ЪֲͣظůţѩҵĻһۺ𣿺ֲһ˵ģǲ쵰˵žͿ

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Ȼ洫̫ﲻ, ̫Яǻ, Ѿȥ˴ٲֹˡ
Ȼ̫ģ̫˼, ӮѩĵܵܣǻҲûʲôԹԡ
վ, Ҳ֪ʲôŭ, ҴҾͳ˴
Ѿڻλ, ̫һࡣ
Ҳ糯ڳá
ҶСվڵϣȺо⣬˵, , վ, ֧ʣʡʺôˣ
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̫, ʺ󣬱ѾȥˣӮõ̫ҽѾϹ, ʺѵҪ۸𣿡
ĸ󣬼˵ĶԣҲֲǻ̫ӲŶԡ
ʺ󣬰Ҳĸף񲻶ĸ׵飬ڿ˵̫ӣǷѩûκگִ̫Ӻ˵𡣰ΪڻףʺֶԳȹ곯Ƚӳˣٵǻ١˵˵ĶԲԡ
˵ԣԣĸ˵ļԣ
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ҶСЦ̫Ͳǿϣʵ۲ǸѼϼܡ
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ҶСղȷʵһ뷨ǾǸӮѩԱܣѩأԱܣˬ뷨ͣһᣬϾŴû
ҶСתһֱɵ⣺ѩһһҪشңδı棬ôһʼңǰʶ𣿡
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