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һСڰѼЯָı۷Ĺ¡
򣬸ҵˬģӦû
ǿҵƷšճ
ݱǩ Խʱ  ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣռ  ǣ±ɷļƷղ~  
һ仰飺ǿҵƷ
⣺Ϯ־


1 ǻ
ôˣѰһŮ˴ſǻֵغˡ
ССѡ֮γԱȵǣһ˵һҪͣһ룬žͺܷܡ
ڼ󺰴еĸʲôŪȥڼһ긾Ůһ֡

ǽԺһͲǸһѩɽĶѣ˵ʲôڼ
ղӶ͵ѩɽˤ£һת׹ԨǵĺԽԽԶܿʧҲױѩû
֪ԼˣҲֻǴһƪƪһƬޱȿ飬·װһ⡣
еĿȴĻѩʵʵ㷴
Ȼûޱȣˮʪ͸
˵Ӧãѩɽ£ñѩڻôо˿ȫʪ͸ˣ˵ҲԽԽ
Ī֮ǰֵֹĻþ
ĵֱ̽ʶһ塣岻ʹʶȴĪڸա
к׺ͱһůĺ񱳲Դ˭ϡ
ȫûԼ龹Ȼģ֣ͻȻдһʹ
ʹӦʹܿ۾һۿľһŮ˵
Ů˶ʮģ˿Ϲˮۿӿ޵÷죬ΪǱҲڸǲסò毺üĿ㡢ǸŮʵݶЩ㲣ƤҲЩǷ
ı鿴ȥմӾΪϲˣ峺Ĵ۾ǡ
ˣһڽüϣûӦŮֲ̧ᣬضԱ˵֣ˣ
ˣɡ
һˣǰ˵˵
ɡɡ֮ǰǸ긾ŮҲȫǲ֮⣬ѹֹôˣȻ಻
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ȫŪ״ҪԴͻȻһʹ˫ס̫Ѩ
ôˣͷ𣿡Ů˹ʵҶҷ
ǵģ긾Ůذһ۵ϵĽͷشнӹֽɡ
˹æŮһѽһӡ
䲻󣬼ҾҲ򵥣һ㲻Ͽ˫ľǽڷţ濿ǽһʽ¹мһСӰССľ񴰻¡
ӿϷӣҾߵĿʽҲʽȥ¾ɣðҲʱ䡣
ĿǴĴ˫ϲ֣Щɫϲ·СϷһС
˶ʮͷӣöܺÿǼ粢粢յǰգ˫۾žͷ΢ЦЦݺǳۡ
Ա߻һƴױӽλÿȥɲյƬϵ˱仯󣬾ЩɫҲ̫á
һ׸ɾ·ϰɡ̾˿Ӳ||ʽԼվ𣿡
ܡͷлл
һ·ҩȥҩ˵ҩ˻ȴ˲⣬һ仰ȽӦѾת߳䡣
Ů˱ȥӲ˲۾ĬĬ¹·
ıӰĪįĿҲʪ͸ˣմ࣬ڵˮڻˮĵϱеġ
ܿһ·ת־Ҫףʪ·ˣҲû϶ȫʪˡҪվۣȰѿҲˣϻ
ۣԼϽӹϵĸɾ·ָָӣҲʪˡ
ңϽʪ͸ˣٲ纮ˡ
Ů˶վڽǰһҪලѸɾ·ϲŰݵļơ
˻µģֲɵȻڵԼǰŮʲôϵ
οղͷʹϮƬ꣬Ѿ֪һЩ飬ֻû취Ƭ
ҪİŮǰ|⻻·ӣɰ첻
ľѸɾ·ڴϣȰ£ͻ㲻öңϽɾӰɡ
Ůŷģתȥ¹ҿӡ
Ů˱°·ѵѸٰѸɾ·ϣٶȿ쵽ȲĽϻҪ졣
Ůɾתһ·ˣһľ棬ͻˣ
ˣȳȥ˵
ŮҲû룬ܻΪԼҿͦʱ䣬䣬ҪټӼë°ɣ
ãҲ䡣˵߳䣬Ϸš
ձʱɨһۣһĺԺǰ¥һ䳤εƽĶӶשľṹ
վһ¥һŵĴַ֪ӵĽṹϷЩط͵͵Ŀʹá
̨ף̨ķԺӣԺӵ߾ӡ
ǶȻҲ㣬ڵƵͣȥȫûߴһһգԺĴţһһܴķ䡣
ԺҲƽ䣬ÿһ䶼šǶǽֻһ룬ϰ벿ľƵĴ棬Ʈһҩζһ̴ѣӦ
Ů˺ܿҲӷʽڸоôͷҪҪȥ˯һ
һԴֻЩκش𣺡ˣվһͺá
ȥҩûŮ˵̨
ѾͣˣҲ̨Ժм䡣
͸ľ񴰣Ů¯̿ȴǰ˵Ҫҩˡ
ĽŲᣬŮû֡ŷߣ뿴龰
ߵűߣķﴫ긾Ů
飡ҸߣûεڼҪڼô죿Ժôסˣǻ
лҪ˵~ĩ~


2 Ҳҩ
ͣסŲ̾˿ֹ긾Ů㵹˵˻ˣ
εؼǼͬⰡ˵鴫ȥҲЦ
ڻЦ𣿡긾ŮһըˣǸڼˣǸЦ
Сôģѹôٵ˵ɣִˡ
֣˭ˣպƽʲô˼˵ȡ˵긾ŮĴ׷ʡ
պƽ֣һͷۣһЩƬӿ
Ҳһøֱ֣߳š
ռҵԺٽ֣һžϣڽϻ긾Ů
̧ͷһۿһ棬һҡռҩšԱ߻Сдšֺš֡
ϵ̶Դڹ̨ٽֿΪ̼꣬ţռҩҲ⡣
פפ㣬ƬͻȻǹֵһ|ͷ­Դ۵ͣԽԽأ·Ҫ|ը
ǹֵꡱҩǸøЪ˹ķң뿪Žֵߡ
ѹúܵͣ谵Զɽһ𣬹ճһɫʵİˮī
СںƲ͵֮Уһ˿ҲûУЩ͸
˲ȲĽ䳤˱һ̦֤Ѿ˺ܾˣʹС򴦴ʪĳŸյ䵽˹
ֿʼСϸϸ࣬ϵˮµʯϣһŵˮ
ʱûɡʹһ꣬ջϵĸɾ·и·ʱǸįıӰϽܽͷһƾͤꡣ
վͤ￴꣬ԴʹᣬƬҲѾɣ֪һеô¡
˵еĴԽϡ
طд󾮳ǣΪһھ޴ξҲεԷչ
ڵһಡŮͲ̫ܼ˴Ϊ껹ûӣܵ
ͻȻεֱӵĸַҪϳš
ΪһֱܺõϱռҲܵż
һŽԿ׳ĸȻ˶ʮûȤԴСһֱֱԼҲû뵽˾ȵľء
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ڣ·϶˲ЬҲƵģ·տҲ
ңֻô̶̼ʱĽӴҲһѾЩ۵顣
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ңΨһ¶ȵģҲֻϱռ
Ȼоİһһ飬Ѿȫˡ
Щȼһǿҵռ˵壬ԼԶ߸߷뿪ҲҪȰħһļͥ
ëë꣬ת߻ؼҡ
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ռһýպ죬ڲϰ࣬°ؼҳԷһĻδ£ʱǸպƽַĸڿߴߴ˵
ַ߽պ쿴Σ|||¶ӵЦݡֻպƽıûôԣʲôǰŵġ
ûһۣƿŵĳȻϣռһڳ׼һ˵ķˡ
Ϊʵ̫ݣ׽Ь·ûŲһƿŰѾеռһתͷ۾Ǻġ
ȥˣҲ˵һûָָ֣ϵһҩҩˣٲȸˡ
Ĳҩȡ
ռҩ˵ֺţʵӪĶЩҩѹҽˮƽģҲ֪ΪΣ⵹һֱ
֪պƽĸҩҩҲûõģȻҲÿ¡
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ھܺãЪץһļһ˿
ڳſţǱ߼˵˵һ󴫽øǼѾȫرܣһһ
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ѽպզ࣬ţûڼȻǼҶˡ
ɲ˵˵ַǲǵðߣַҸղž͸˵ˣεҪڼأ
ǰ֣㲻᲻ͬɣպתͷȰպƽ
պƽ̶һڣҲû˵ͬ⣬²ǵһһ
ʲôģַֿʼ
ҲŹæȰպƽ壬°̺С˵öԣôӳԶǣʹʹͷҽ˼빤
ǰպ켤͵ܲҽ㲻ͬǾɣǸĸѵ»˵𣿡

ռѽϵĶߣҩݵǰߴٵﲻæϿҩˡ
ǺѹִǰųţǲЩĻڽҲˣܡ
ӹҩ룬ҪҩûҲһʱܽģҵȣ˵ĻҲᵱ£Ҳѹ
ҩ߳ȥ˳ְŹϣߡ
Ǽͣ˵תͷպüֹǳȥ𣿻ʲôô棿
̨£վ￴żˡ
Ǽ˿ҩҲȣ˵Ҳֹ֣Ƕǲ
ǸʲôպƽȻӲ||ǳҩˣĸҩȶŸʲô
ҩˣסˣ黹ôӳ顣
ҩһƫҩ̨µˮҲҩһˮ𣿡


3 治
պƽȻû뵽ֻǴӽ˵ģŲ˵ǵԵذҩˮ
Ҫ֪ռŮǸѵƽʱôô趼˳ܣŹһ⻹˱ˣ
ӣպƽվ̶ָŽ߳ʣʲôǶõҩ
⻹õҩأ룬ڳ£ҪҩһβʣõҩҺһôһöûУ
СͲ̫ãһƫһЩҲûĵزǸɲŵռһպƽռСһֱûӣԭڽϣ㿪ʼҩȡ
ҩֳֿÿζرŨԺ󽭿Էûθˣǵûãÿ£ݵöƤˡ
㡭պƽַһ֮°̶ֱ˹Ϊ׼ͷУ̶ֱˤˮϡ
ˮغӲֻƵ̶һ㲻ʵôһˤһɼ顣̶Ǵպƽѧ̿ʼһֱһ۵ֱš
ַͺܳô˵أ
պҲָŽҩôûãҪûһ࣬Ͳˡ
´̨ȥպƽ̶ͭ죬ʱЦų˵ǻ֮ǰιȥˣȰҩǵúȣȻ
֪Ҳһ²һ˻ȥ
ǴûĽһʱ֪ηӦ
ĹռĶԻûˣֱʽΪʲôأҩʲô𣿡
ֻҩóռ򵹵ûһǼ˾һŸô󶯾
ºûθڳԷֻöռ͵ôҲɫͣһʱ俴
ôʱÿҩҩƵģǲãԽԽݣռҲûɹֻÿһ־ְܲҩҲýҩ
ô˵ϸոռ˾Ȼ˵ýȥĻҲټˣУǾͣһͣúóԷһʱ˵
úóԷռȻ󣬵ǱպˣԱߣռǲɵ㻹úóԷģ
˵ʲô򣬻ֲָָ㡣ռСĸϴԽСһֱͣպ죬Ҳ̲պϹȥ
ôֲպԵˣռҲŵҲҼңҿɲһ˴ڼʱҪɥµķգ˵ҲΪá
⻰ռĻˣ̧ƾҪѵպ죬ǰһסˡַҲܹסռҪʲôҪã˵㻹ҪǵڻִԲ򣡡
ռĻҲˣǽа˵˵Ļ˻𣿣
ô˻ˣַã˵Ļǲһ㣬Ҳʵ㵱ģȥˣ㻹Ҫ
ռ·ǲһˣܵȼΪ㼶֪˵а˵ȴһʱ֪ôּͨ졣
ַţպ±ǿ׳쿴ò⡣
ҪǸʱƢֱӾҪˡϧ⸱ʵе޸֮ǵһռҪռ
Ҳֻߵռַм䣬ֱӰַռһߣǰô˵Ҷνøһʶ
㻹ӴˣΪ̫ݣֻʣƤǣַӦʱŷֱ۰еۣ治Ķǲǣ
ַ߹ҪˣպͺҲ˹
û̫⣬ռѾվǰסַ裬ڶˣٳʲôµõ˵
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û㡣ռҧҧ촽ְѽ
û뵽бôһ죬ұĻǸŮӡ
ȻŽԿ׳ĸҲûôԼԽ֮ǰ賤ʲô֪С뿪ǲ֪ȥְֻ֪Ǯһ򲻹ܡ
ԽСͺܶҪǿЩ̽հһʱҲֲ˱ֻ˵ķݡ
˿ռվԼǰסַʱһҲûУռ˵ѾˣڽļûռҸĸԡ
ܲԼռ򱳺ǰһվǰȥַҪʹɡ
мӸӼŭַһ¾ͻ˹̧ȥ˲䣬ֱռ˻
ǲǷˣÿôΪһ˸ԣպָռֵһԱߵĺ£վŸʲôæ
ڿ󳡹Ĺˣֵģ˴ֵҾ°ˣڼﲻ̫ðɡ
⻰ַɻ££֣Խһһռ򣬡ҹ
ûռһͷַ
ַ֪ʲôΪ˲ռ򣬼ûٸɫҲûٶռ߶ַǰռҪȰδҪǿˡ
飬ռǼͬģΣҪи飬ಡߡ
ÿ۸ĸȰͷţԼĬĬҲϸ顣
ڽļԭҲûٶ뿪ռҵ˼һֱôռ򡣵ҲܸӣϲԸ뿪뿪뿪ռѹȻҲĽַھӿռЦ
ҪģҲǸųˣϣռ˵ɫһܱá
ľս㱣ÿȲҩԲ·ֱӵ̨ױǰһεڵأȻͻڵĽ
ռһα׼û뵽ַûһſھҸ׼벻룿


4 㶼ˣ
裬²˵ܶ𣿡ռղŻվǰҪԼַʱΨΨŵŵСӺһ롣
ãԼѡģǾ͹ֲˣҵġַҧ
ǰ߶һЩа˵ҲĻַͻȻźݻռе㱻ŵҪҪѽô
ʲôôһܰɣռһάľǽַûģȻѡǸһҺֻҪҲǿˣ߰ɣ뿪ңȥȥġ
⻰ռ˵ֱͷһֻԴ̵һ£ûվȣŻû˵ҰҪһ˵Ȼÿ˶Ҫ
ߣַһɴûѽһˣٽƱˣҲЩ
ռЩż챿֪ҪӺν𣬱˰ֻʳһ䣺Ҫ£
ռһŮռС˳ֶ£ԸĸТ˳ǨáպҪַܶ࣬Ը
պƽַռ⣬ѡϣŮ̳мҵ
պ죬ǴҸҾõ˼ҼˣȻٸḻЩ׼ˣôĻðģֵŸռ̳еĻҪࡣ
⻹û꣬պ첻ѧڲϰ࣬Ҳպƽ˺ܴľ˲ǮŰŪȥġ
󾮳ǵĲȻ󣬵ǹӪλպܽȥϰ࣬ҲǶöĽý롣
ɼȻռ̳ҩţʵҲţѣպƽַﻹƫպġ
¾պ˲˸ܵģڵĿ⼸Ч治׳Ѿ˳СӳǽպĻҪ㣬ȻַҲͬǽ
¸պѾ̸ۼ޵Ľ׶Σ°󾭳ȥպ죬ʱԼҳԷʱռҡ
ҪߣҲû취ַѾۿռǱҵģֲҡ
ҰҲ˼𣿡ռַ˵ĵ滰Ż
ǲ˼Ҫ𣿡ַЦ𣿡
ռʵԶԣСȷʵַ˵㡣
ʱպƽպ컹к¶˿۵ͷվŵռַֿ붼֪ĸŮ˵ʲôǸռ˵Ҳʣһˡ顣
պƽûͷûβռ𣿡
ռˣǲܵģְ֪ǲҲߡ
׸ƨûռ˵ַӻպƽҲȰˣҿҪִԲһˣѾ˵ˣǸһ뿪ҡ
ʲôպƽǰԱռ黹һ˿˿ԥ˸ղŽı¶˾ģַһԱռû뵽ѾҪŮҲߵĵز
ʲô𣿡ַͷ
պͺҲȲѣַֿռ򣬲֪ڷʱʲô顣
պƽƫĹƫģô˵ռҲŮôҲûҪߵĵزæռ˵Ȱһ䣬ϣڻᣬֲһ𣿡
ռû˵һʱ񲻵뿪һʲôӣҧ˲顣濴ųҲһûС
ַҪ˸ߣ˷պƽȰˣ˾СһԺҾ͸С졣
˻һڳ˸ӾˣҪռϳŰҴԶʱ崻ֹͣתû˽ַĻ쳣
˼룬պƽһе㲻ַľռ򣺡ҪȥԼ˵Ҫһߣ
Ҳռ㣬ҲȰһ䣬ǼһûôģԺô𣿡
˼ռҵļ£ֲ²죬̶ֻ̫һ㣬Ҳû̫࣬Ȱôһ䣬ȴպһŽ档
պһֱиСžţȻĸ׼õļױռĻֵǮҲ⣬浽޵ʱ򻹵ҪЩ
պƽһǴȰռ飬һַ˵ҪռҲϳţļҵԺͲˡ
ռ벻ѾٹģͲռĴ뿪жУȻú»ɵǺȰռ
˭˵Ҫˣ޴ռû׸ĵز俴պ̰Щ˵ҼңΪʲôҪߣ
ռûԼߣҲûôϣ뿪ң׵Ҳֻ۲һ䣬ȫû˼оҲģ˵ܳӣֱصԼ䡣
ʱ淭ռһſ·ڴϣҲĶһڸʲô
ռַսݣͶԻصʰˣռҲߣҲ뿪ңĵط
·̸ǺһЩƷûжĶҲ࣬Ѿȫֺ롣
һŵĻ˶ԿףжǮ̫֮ǰԭôʣռˡ
ռûڳҲû򿪳뿴Ԥ֪Ǯ϶ࡣ
֮ǰռڼɻ붼Ǹĸŵģ㻨Ǯʹռͽҩæ£Ҳǡ
ֱһ࣬Сڸڲ˸ңַѼǮԼպ죬˸Ѿ÷ֿÿ¸˷ʡ
ǮȻˮƽҪͺܶ࣬ÿ۳˵Ļʳѣ佭ÿ춼Ȳҩֵñ۳һǮµǮһٵÿ
ʰһ¶ʰˣߵʱʡ¡
ռ˶٣ζʶͷַԻķ䣬ľ룬Ǳ˵ģַղɤźҲû
ʣ㶼ˣ


5 ܸı
û˵ʲôַպƽռ˵ҲǵݣҪȥ¶֪ռˣԺζÿԼǾͳ㣬䱻߲·
ռ򶨶Žǰ̬ȶպƽַһе㲻ӦͻȻôйȱĶ
󵽻꣬ռҲһֱܺãǸ̫లȫС
滹õ㣬Ҳַ֪û˸۸ǣҪռ»ÿ棬˵Ĺǡ
ռҲԸ̫ˣȻ˸ãǶ˵׮ǷʺϣҲɹ
뵽Ժĸ֮ǼҲ۸Ź֣˵ģպﵽͷ
һιȥ˱ǿӲˣռοģŹ߹һ⣬Ӧ˺ܶ顣
ռϣַ˵ĻҪΪ˲̫ѹ϶˵ģԼĬĬš
ղѾ˵ҪҸһ뿪ңҲ˵˵
Ϊʲô˵֪ǲԸԼĸ׻Լߣûֱʣ Ǿ𣿡
⻰ӽ˵ѾǺصĻˣռʵе⧲ο֪˺ܶίô˵Ҳ裬Ůĸߵģȥ˵˵̫ࡣ
оӵĽûʲôίģֻϣռܹ
ûϵҪ˵ίܵࡣҲûʲôŮûҲֻһŮôõҲҶ˵ղҵ̬ô㻹ң϶ٶ
Ļռַ˵ߺҪҵжպ죬һʹ
ռʼջĴ룬Ҳַ˵˵պƽҲûıַ̬֧
ҧҧ촽Ϊ˲񻯣ûַٰ˵Ļȫ߽еؾᣬɵûµģһٸ˵˵ͺˣǻͬͣһʱҩģתˣҲ͹ȥˡ
ռ򣬱ƭԼˡߵӰռǰʹôϹȥһӶ˵Ҳýܹ˳ƽϢҪǰߣú׸Ҷպ죬Ҳ֡
˵ռ˵ͷûϽƲ⣬ıҲѾַ֤˵Ļ
ʵǺռԸģȻкܴ󲿷ԭǴСϴԣҲԭҪǴԽ֮ǰҪˣĻĿȰ
ʹΰҲƾ͵ŬڵĿླοԼ⸱ԭء
˵ﻰǲʵҲ뿪ǣҲͱˣ
ϾԼĸĸȻкܶ಻ǣҲܲܶϾϵɡռ˵ǵļҰ뿪˻ȥأ
ٹ̵뷨ȻͬҲûŷ
ͻȻԼԽ֮ǰǸûĸףݴְֵСС㲻ϣ˺ӺְָһǮǮ֪ȥ
ְָδǸϵһҲһ棬İûʲôϵҲһ²Żһ棬ƽʱ˸Ǯʲôܡ
ԽʲôɶϾĹϵȫڡ
ֻ㲻Ը뿪ȴһҲ㣬¡˵ڵ뷨ȷǵÿԼıˣҶù
ϱûмͥůֻнǮѬգȤĴҴ̼ĴڸУʼնûҪı˵ĸôطͥ˷
ԭռҲûһ㽹ǵԽԽáϧʵǲпģǡǡ෴ǵԽԽ㡣
ôı𣿾ҳ𣿡뵽ǰ㽣ٿĲҾռеãҲܻҼҲܴǻȥأ
һжټҵɽǰ·ܻа취ġɶ
ռǱ͵Ը񣬽վĹǣϰԾ˳˼ߣóСԿ״
滹һСӣСó򿪸ӣ¶ǮһʮĶУСͦһҲܿûǮ
ռǮóͻȻ뵽һ⣬ûۿֺˣҲûãȥУҲûطס
㲻õģһ취õģοҵ㲻̫
ռͷȻȻûҺôнĻ־ϣ
һǮŻغʵжǮǵúǰһ飬һǧ㼸顣
ЩһַǷʡռ򲻽ҩɻҪÿÿ·ʮǮӣ۳ҩһ·ʮÿµһһٶ
һʱżԼƷܹҲֻһٶ죬ȫ
ǮܸʲôأȻǸʱǮֵǮǧҲ̫ˡ
ѹڻû뿪Һʲôıʱ俼쿼УǮƱֻܴӺСС𣬻ҪһǮɼֻ
УЩǮ㹻ˡòռܸı䣬ֵ̫ۣǮպãԺܻùһСοӣ϶̫á
ռ¶һ˿ЦݣǰĴûһĹۣٲһӲ
ЦܺÿĴĳһ䣬ϴμЦǺܾǰ飬ٲЦ˵ҪôЦˡ
ռհѳϣһѷõŻ¹ͻȻű˴߿
תͷַվſڣһŸʲôϽǶˣ͸Ҿ̸ˣ


6 а취
ռԼַպƽչһۡ
㿴û˵ȥǸȥˡַ
˵ҪӼߣܲż𣿡պƽѵöһ졣
𣿡ַһֱվպƽղǸʲô̬ȾͲ˵˰ɣռôҵģǳˣҪһһԸˣ
ַ˼պ춼ŵӣֿ˻Ͳ㳹֮
պ߹ȥȰʵϽͣҽӦҲǺͿˣһʱתǺúȰȰԺһлͶ˵˵һġ
ַȻһˣǵõȵʲôʱ򣿵ұҾ𣡡
պ˲ӣ͵͵ʹ˸ɫѹҲҲҺʲô
ѧˣǰȥַ̣С˵öԣȱȻҽԸеᣬôȰֻҪǼȰܻиĹ۵ġ
ˣ˵Ҳ̫ܸ£ַλϣƽ࣬СĺðӲҡ
ϰ죬Ȼûû䣬պƽеżַôţô治㲻ҲԸǼҲûʲô£ʹʲôҲǵŮ㲻ҪҲ߰ɣ
ַ֮ôһԭռСûжԼ˵һ֣ھȻΪսԼȨʮһߵͻȻƣƽֻôһбҲûܡ
ȻѵŻأպƽ˵ٱˣҵģҪô˶ðҸ߲ɣ
պƽϵһ£ֻЦַ˵̫ţ˼֣ҲͬѼߣаԼŮߵģϳȥôҲܵø͵Ļɣ
պƽȻҲŮƫģûַô˵ĵز˵Ҫ˺š
ַǲھͷϵֻռߣԶҲټ
ᣡҸٻˣ
պƽķ£ìܿͣպٹ𣬵ʱ򹰻ʵ䷴ɴʾ⺫¸Լһտڲԡ
պƽ룬Ҫ˵ҲòȥһǾٸһλᣬ͸˵ٲͰҲһߣҪǻȥҲû취ˡ
ǰ裬ٸҽһλɡպֱĻŭţ̫˽ռˣռҪͬ飬õȵ죿˵һλᣬ˵Ǹһ·
ҲøѵȻԺ󻹲졣ַڱȰӦٸռһλᣬȥ˵¹ʡ
ַվֱ߳ռͽķ䡣˸ԡֱӸռ˵һλᣬֱӸŻŻģٿ۹ʵ
ַ⣬ռͽķǰ̧һŰ߿Ϳʼߡ
ڽȰ˵͹֮£ռֻҪҵطȥ뿪Ҳԣ˵һຣĻᡣ
û񽭿ѾҪ뿪Ҳǰٷְȷĸܺĸߡ
û뵽ַôˣַ⸱ӣ϶ˡ
ռʱý˵һҲûҪѾôһ׼ʱ治֪ͻĴ춼Ҫ
ԱߵĽվﲻгӣͻȻ˵
ôＷѹίʹһ˲䱬һκˣµĸϻ߾ߣͲˣõߣ
ַҲû뵽Լᱻռô𣬱ָԼأ˸ֲ㡭˵ʲô˵һ飡
˵ϣǸͲٴһĵطˣԼߡռһһһַѻ˵ꡣ
ַûˣͻȻôһ£඼ЩܲˣοĻԼһֱǿӡ
һʱȣؿڵã͹͸ҹңԶҲٻ
˵껹һֻЬӽûռͽתߵʱܱЩ㱣ҲܽһֻЬƽ⣬ӿԺ̨׵ʱֱˤȥ
ֻǶȥô仰Ա˿ϡƽռ˵˵ǹí˾һַһͱﲻסˣתֹסӿ˳
ӵݸû˵һ䰲οĻռֱӰϣ
̧ıûˣġ
˵ȥأ૵
㲻ùܣ취ϱȻסڹ⻨԰мƽ׵ĺլ󲿷ʱĺΪң¶ҰǼҳ㷹Ҹʱ֮Ѳ
а취𣿡ռ򲻵òɣΪַͬ⽭׸ռҵҪ󲻵ٸҲΪһЩ鳹ַ뿪ռң¶޽ͷȻĻпȥ֮
а취ƶĶҲӦһݣôֿտյߣðĶõ֡
ţռӽ̧ͷЩɻ˵ģʶһжǸĸģҲûٸסһԺҪպ죬Ҳܲˬǻ𣿡



7 ĸϻ޳๷
ռΪиҩӣҾڴ󾮳ˮƽ󾮳ǱԣˮƽļͥҲûжټҵ
󲿷ֶպ׼˼ױ˼䷿Ӻһ⣬ҲʣһЩư֮ࡣ
ַָܸպƽʲôöٵһǰռһ
СͰɻΪ㻹Ҫչպ죬ĸʲôƫպ죬ʲô¶˵ǽ͵á
ѧϰͦõģֻоͱѧĸ˵ؼҿҩź͸ϣƾʶֻѾ㹻ˡ
պ죬ѧϰܲȴŸ꣬ʵڷȥŲòֻҵ׸˹ӪĹ
ЩռһһãõھȻҪߣԺҪøպ죬ܳԿҲԲôĿɡ
ԽһðѼһõ֣ռҲپûҪǫãֻԸĸ˽⣬ֶܸŹ֡
ǿ϶Ҳ취ȡռ
ϱ붼û飬Ǹϵ֮ʼżӰ˵飬Ƶȥ˾ϰ࣬ΪԺ̳мҵ׼һȤûУϵԽżԽȥû뵽ھȻֵҪôһƶͥҲ
ԭҲһСԭͥҲֻб۸ķݣֵûС֡
ԶҲһ㾭鶼ûСοַպƽʵȫƣˣҲ˼ҵĶ֡
ĥһ£ʲôϾκ˶㡣
Ϸ绯ǣûʲôð취ַµĶȴԼš
ʲôĸϻһַҲ£𰸾ԭĸ׶۷˵ûٶ񶷡
Ǵ󾮳ǵιξΪҪǽСҲһСѧͻؼҼιǼĵ˸С
ȻҲǸĸ˹Ͷ۷УΪѧϰҪѧļʦÿϧȰ˵˹Ͷ۷޹ԼǮýѧġ
Ϻؽָ˸ѧ棬ڹİ£ǿ˳С
ϧٺǼʦҲһֱѧҲǷ飬оѧҵ
ѧУصҺ󣬸ĸֳˣֶһԷͶȴûӡξɲˣûһֻ֮ڼӡ
۷ȻԽԽߵģ˭֪ܵڱһֽȻڸռҩŵĴŮ
ɰˣռҪŮ˵װ֪ȥҵպƽַ˵ԼСӿɲ׸ռңռҴŮ޵Уɲͬ⡣
ʱռҸ֪ռһιҵķϲӴһͼˣΪλɣַ۷Դҩ裬¡
ʱռǽûҰ˵Ҳ֪۷ôֵģ֪ʱ˫ĸѾһˡ
˫ҳı£ڳڽʵû뵽ֵøˡ
ֵ׵ʱ򣬽ҲˡιɲǿЦģռԺһվպƽַˡ
ռҶеľǼҿҩ״ųų档
ιλȽϵͣһֱ˿Ȼǿ׳о˼ʱٶЩԱУ˫ƾС
۷̴úҪýռȢؼң֪ռҪŮ˴ռ̺ô
ռҵ̬Ҳȷͬһ
ռ֣ҽ˿ҲռҲû취ǿͬ⣬׸ҽҶϾ
ڽҪĺôռҲٸ˵㣬Ȼ۷ַҲʶˣַĵһѲĶ֡
׻˵ŵĲ´ЬģǶ۷Ҫַǲ
ַΪýͻƽû뵽۷ûаԼԡ
һΣ˹׵ιÿ쳬ɸɻ͸֧壬Ҳ⡣
۷ͺƤҽҪպƽҪҩ˹Ȼǲɣ¼ҲûκλȨ
Ƕ۷ַָһַ̣ЭպƽŪһҩ򷢶۷ҩȻרֵǮġ
Ȼǽ죬ַû뵽ҪѽߵĵڣǸ۷֪Ҫʲôһռҡ
ʲôַ޷ضԶ۷ڸǼҶûϵˣҲ߰ɡ
Ҷӣֲ㡣֪۷ڱ˼Ҳ˵ֱ׳Ļ
۷ǰռҲڽߣҲͷ󣬱Լ»üչôһλøһң
ʲô£û뵽ûôִų۷ʵ˵ڵæŷּأҪһȵȵȣǷ˵
ּң۷һžͷ̰Ŀ⣬ô֣ǷֵЩӣֵǮ


8 ͬɱ
һ̰Ķ۷ɫеŵַЦϹȻһｵһ
Զ۷ַǮʲôأ
˵ּңַһ¾ͱˣǰʲôң˭˵ҪּˣǿĶǵģһϵûУʲôʸּң
ռᳶ˳½ǣʹɫȰѶ۷֧ʲôµԼ˵Ȼøһ𣬽ûָܰɡ
ȻڻѾˣøֿѾܣ۷һַҪѽǸߣҪֿտյߣ۾һ¾ͺˣŭյµĺ졣
۷ǰַָҪһԻϽͣ˵ҪǮҪҲˣǽʲôòߣסĵطûأʲôҲ㣬İɡ
н׸ʱǸϾЭ顱ƽʱռ͸İ˼һξǱϰ¾ռҲһۣһҼʲô£ǾͻЭ飬Ƥ
֪۷ȻҲ⣬϶ҩǮ
յô۷ûü˵ϴν˹׵ʱҪżӽ˿ѾҽԺĲϣ°ܶ
ΪӣԴӽ˹׵˺ͳ˼ĶɻһѺ֣Ƚأ˵ҵδָˡ
Ϊɻرξ˹ʣιȺĿڱҲԽԽãϲǾȻ˿ʼܶ
Ҹ˵òˣʮˣܷȢϱԽԽãû뵽ʱȢϱҲָˡ
˹Ͷ۷һһ·Ȣϱ
ֻǶµǮʵٵÿ·ֻܲ˾ͲˣԽͽֵϰǰ°ҪʯͷשȻԼػǽ
˭֪вƣĿʯͷŲһڣָ죬һϲʯͷһˤһӣƫǴʯͷǴͿϣû
нһ𣬸ϽȥҽԺû񻯡ǽӾѹˣܶͻȻʧǼһҪֱٸ߶ҽƷѡ
ж۷˵ң֪Ҹ˼ҵĹϵã˵ιȺﲻ˴ǼݣҲҪԶ뼸֡
ⲻһ£˵˰æˣ˶ûһ۷˰æȼΨһ뵽ľǽ
ҪʲôҩΨǮܽǼҵȼü֮
ƫƫַҪϽߣ߲˵ʲôȻˣûǮôѹأ
뵽ڲŵĽ۷˶˻ȥһץסַ˫ֻۣצץַͿ
ʲôĻˣֻ벻û໰ֻּһǾҪַǮ
۷ķͻͻͻû꣬ڸ˳ַ֣Ҳ򲻹Ķ֣ҵĻҲֻȻѶ۷֣Ҫ
Ů˺ܿԺмܱ߳˴һ𣬽Ͻռһ˼޹
ռżֻԼ飬ĴҪ̶ֳֵȣǼôһ֣Լͱˡ
ǣʲô¶ϵһˣԽ֪ʲô
϶ˣҪǮ㿴˵Ҫϳżƴˡ
ռ뵽ϴζ۷ҩ£ϴ˻żѵμ˸飿
ʲôҲûϵҪЩ
Ҳ֪Ҳָ߶٣е㲻ġռ˺ԽԽɿŮεֳû̸
żö۷һֿܱԼ̸á
˵ռѹָղҪ۷˵ڷּңһռʲôǣմǹĶ԰ɣ
ͷҪʲôܸܲ۷һ·򡣡
ռһȦңҡҡͷʵʲô̫ҪǸǮǿ϶Ǯġ
ЩӣСﳤʱҲůļңٿֻÿ䶼ĵأֻϽ뿪
۷ʵѹַֻһģռڻպƽպͺ£˲۸ַܿͰ˵ϡ
Ժĸ˰Ŷ۷ȥеũɱĳͷҲϣ˻ţĺѾ˵ӡ
ռüúûۿҲǴ۾ôʱ䣬ӶϱºҪ̼
Ժڵȴû꣬۷һȻʵһ㣬򲻹ˣַⲢ󣬼һڵϷֺ֡
ѱǾˣ˼ֻҪվԼ¥ϾΧⳡϷԶһ˼кܶҲ֣½½Χۡ
һ۷˻ߵĻ֪ô£ԭռҪѴŮСھϳ
ҷ׷ۣ˵ռСԹûٸף׸ŮȻЩҲǾҵҵ£СûӣҲҪ˸߰ɣⶼʲôˡ
ַҲҪӣסָָۣ״ּͨ졣
պƽǳĺӵͶҡˣϽΧȺ̬Ϲ˵˭˵ǲռֶˣǻûü̸Ӿˡ
ǣǶҧˣַ͵
ΪʲôҪռأȺͦУƽʱ;ռҶԴŮ̫ƽվҪֹˣȻǷּңѵǰͷַӷּҲ𣿡


9 
˴ͷü˱㿪ʼַͣպƽռǷļ䷿ӣҩӷֲֳꡣ
ķӺҩſǵӣһַһһۣΧ۵˲ٿԼҵ飬ƨ£
ǲǵ飬ܿ԰ɣ㼱ʲôѽ˷ʵǲǱͲ֣
˵ȥַƢҪ治ʰպƽϽԲллҹģּҲС£ôһܶģҶɢ˰ɣǻҪһ˺ú
Χ۵˴Ҷ֪⻰ֻ˴ߣʶȤһЩĻһ룬ǿһԲռֱżռҪʲôᰡǶڣ󵨵ҪǸ
ҩֳ̲ĻôҲøǶ෿ɣ˸ɴΪķ
һְַëˣ˵ʲôһ෿㻹˵Ҳˣ˵Ҽ﷿Ӷģһȥô£˽һţô
ҲռģȻһˣŲÿ컹̧ͷͷڿڵҲ˻ͬһţѷӻǮǮС
˻һַڣ˶һ£˭Ҳû뵽ҸַҪ󣬽ŴҶΪֽкá
۷ղЩżҪǮģһֱ˵ӣҪǷַӣһʱҲܻǮҲû취ٸҪǮ
һռ˵Ǯ˫޳ɣԣǮǮ
ҪǮûҪһַ鼱֮Ѿȫˣ۷ԡ
պƽҲǸҪģȴ֪ҪܣΪ˸Ͻⳡ־磬˷ҷİɣǿ϶ģͲͷˣһȥɣԺпջӭ
ƫƫִŵøڵЩƵģ׷ʵҽļ䣿
պƽʿˮҪðˣղҲˣͬһţ߶̫ϲбոһշֿ⣬ҴǼֳȥ
Ƕӽ֪պƽҪǲᣬһʱûбһ˼ҳڿŵһСӣ˼м䣬ռСҲͶʮƽף㣬ʮƽٽֵһҲû棬ֻһ㿪һš
ַڵôôߣסǲܵģҲѷŵ㶫պƽҲΪҪһطŴɽĲҩǸطֱˣ㱻ûŶ
ַΧȺһ䡣
ռԼҲĲѣַѾˣղűΪеת⣬ûôû뵽ȻֻǷһƲֿ⣡˵裬ĹѶǿɡ
ôĺԺȴһѲĵطֱӰߵˡ
ôͻȻʡ
ռͣҡͷ˵ΪʲôҪ
Ǽ䷿Ӳǲ˵㣬һҲǿסˡοڿѾٴҪණˣҪײҪиطȥԺٻõĵط
ռҲǣҲѣܱ¶޽ͷǿο⻹ô˳պƽָͬģȻѶֲ
Ӳ˻ȥڵУֿͲֿ⣬ǮҲҪˣԺԼǡ
һȻţ˻ȰռɵѽôҲҪһ䰡
ҲֱӸ棬ֻҡͷ̾ͬʱһպƽַѪȻôԼŮ
۷ɵˣܹקŽĸ첲ҡڣôͬأҪǮĽзּңǴ򷢽лأ
ſ˳첲侯͸ûϵˣԺҡ
ڻҽԺ㾹ȻպƽҪǮڷôƷӡ۷˵ֱʣǮ𣿡
˵ˣٷҡѻ⸱öŮ˵֡
Ͳ룬ҪβãǼԺô۷Ϊ׸˾ͲǽռһǲҪˣǮ͸ҵ㣬ԺҲ㡣
ûǮھһ¶ѣûиĸҲûʲô硣
治ӣ۷ڰַſָıǼԼ˵ģԺ˿ɱǣ

⸱ӣ۷ûûˣԺԼҿôŹ֣
ٲҽԺλҪˡ
۷żҽҩѣռôϰһҲû취˾˷ʱ䣬ֻˡ
Ǳַ۵պƽԴռײûռŮһƲֿռѪ
պƽ黹е㸴ӣҲ֪˷һªĲֿⷿѿֲ÷ӣοʹԸ⣬ַҲͬ⡣
ҲַֻͬΪԼѣοԼԼΪ̫ݶ
ռõǼֿԿף˾·̸ǺƷ˹ȥ
ҾҲֻԭľǶκ¹񣬴¹˰᲻Χ۵ļСӰŰġ
ٵÿһӾͰˣҲ׸ռҡ
ռƵģ罭ιȥǾ뿪ռңûô췢չ
˰ѷɨɾռĬĬ·һŽ¹Ӱ罭·ʱҪį
ȥ䷿ˮʩôѷӸһ£øþס
ӺСҲûԤĴ죬ܿüĿ¹ǰռһʰ
ЦЦο㲻õģò˶þܹϺӵġ


10 ӽˮ
ռЦֻǺģҲ̫йͷţһġ
˰ɣ࣬ܿʰˣʵ
˵ôǻû緹ռһյķԼȴһҲûϡ
УռѴǮСӴ򿪣óǮҲɷˣȥԵĴպһٰɣûԵģ
ղżˮ͹۲ôⶰӵʱ򣬾һֱԺı⣬㱾ǮֻܴСҲֻܰڰ̯֮ˡ
ռ˵ȥԵģ̯ԵҲʧΪһѡ񣬱ҲΪס
ϱڻҰ漼ܵûѧЩֵطҲ֮أҲԵĻԳһ¡
ȥɣأʲô˳ȥ涼ʲôԵ
ռҡͷЦǣȥģʲôҲûʲôѡҲЩЪȥٸɡ
ιȥһزûô죬ռѾˡ
ʱ佭״̬һ͵ЪˣοǴûԶ
ԭںȲҩûθڳԷռżͻᱳŸĸ͵͵ɳԡ
ʱûʲôõӪƷʹʱҲѲ𣬱ϸģ滹˼ǣ𣬼Ӫֲ̫
ʲôԼҲȥ˵ǾһȥɣڸоͦõģҲۣȥߡ
Ĳɱǿ
ĲۡҲ֪Ҳκ״ʹռ˵ԼҲ⸱ǿ֪ΪûȲҩʲôԭڸо治о֮ǰһЩİɡ
ռ˿ɫ;״̬ȷû⣬ͬһȥԷǮɴСǮóһٴ·ڶ
ⶰӵǰպƽģǮżģ¼ʲôûУ극ȥЩƷ
ʱѹ˷㣬ϳԷĵط඼ˣֻôһһڿš
еļѹúܵ͵ɢ谵ĽֵЩŵҲֵĴڹ̨򿪡
߽һСݣ׷ۺռýǰԼȥ̨һһ׷ۡ
ˮ棬׷˷ݽͷ׷۶һǮһ룬ëǮӽͷǮݸңһ塣
ռ˿Ǯָָ̨ϰŵһС´±ֳһëǮݻȥ±Ҳһɣ׷ߡ
صλռȥ鲻ԽûúóԷ̫׷ۡ
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С˳Էܿ׷۾ˣȡͿߺȡ
˹ȥӵϣһۿԼ׷ۼ⽴ͷһ±ռȴˮģӶһΡ
죬ֹһʱ仰治֪ôӺ˵
˵øԼӽͷͼҲհã˲ǮҲǡ
˵ԼҲüӽͷ˵Ҳܲ԰ԵαԼ⸱ӣǮҪչˣ˸ոʧҵֻǧǮ˵Ҳӣڰ˵
ͱˣռԵ£˵θ
á
߲ܲͻȻַ֣
ͬʱҲܸжδֱܹ˹ĺչ˵ů
±ŵռҲ̫ԡ
ô᲻ռޱȣǸʱܳԱͲˣݳƷÿ춼ܳϵģδţһʮ˸øɸɾ
ĲʵҲܸɡ͵ĳԲ£ˡ
ûθڰԲ£ǿɲûθռе㵣ģ뿪ռңҪȲҩҲûˣ㾡Ե㣬쿴ٲǾȥҩ
û£öˣθڵġ
ǾͺãԵ㡣
ë϶٣оӶǱģĺûθڣʲô̫ԣҪԾԲС
˵ģӲװʳӣѽͷ׷۰ȣһڡ
Ͽźʳӣȴò³Ӳȥֶһѹȥ
ţóԣ
һһͣٳԾ͸ˡռ򶼽ʡˣɲ˷һ
һ׷һͣسԣ׷ۿɼڼ١ռ¶οЦݣ㣬Ǻˡ
Ǹ⽴ͷСõĶǴ̯ӱı߽ϣȫǷʵģ֮ϸֽϳƶɡ
һݽͷⶡû涼մζ׷ź׷Ҳմ˽֭Ŀžͺóԡ
ռοеĵȻΪƽʱûˮûʲôθڳԷ
ԵᶼˣԵʵ̫ÿһڶҪѺܴľʣϾֻʣһˡ
̧ͷռڿԣæ˵ҲϿԣһˡ
áռ򿴽ôͿˣûԱÿӰǿ±г룬һݸҪǾһǾͳ԰
һ׷¶ǣڵθѾ˼ˣٿǸɰͰ͵ĵƺ͵ףٳȥǵҭסɣҳԱˣԲˡ
ռŲĻոջԵ̻ʵģôûԱʲôĹ㲻øңҪԵõģá
ԲˣϿңͿˣ㿴ҳô࣬ѾǰöˣθҲҪָС
ðɣҳˡ˵ҲеڲôʳͻȻ̫೦θ϶ܲˣռ㱻˵
ﻹеСڣ֪±ˣʡëǮء
԰ɡ
Ȼˮ棬ռԵú㣬ϴγԷôѾ֪ʲôʱˡ
극СмС̣ռֱСߣɣȻȥ͵Ʒ
ȲˣԺҶúóԷͲҪٳԱˡס
ʵֱ˵ҲˣǮһü׷ǮˣҲûӪһﲢûʹöԭϣҲʱǲΪӪḻء
ܷţ¡
ƴһӽ׷ۣþ״̬ȸղֺࡣȲȥǸʲôӣҲҪúÿΪԺıҳ·
ˣȥаɡֵ


11 
ļҲǴ󾮳ũóгƷ˵ӦоУҺܶũƷܱũһֻûж׬ۡ
ǲ۲۵ˣԼ۸ΪУƷֵطѡ
ռǮƷһɲһũóгֱЩεĵطרҼ۸˵̯λ
ռҲۣÿһ۴СʡһëҲŹ
ޱᣬϱӻǮִţĶÿ£ٶҲȫûֻÿռ򻹼ۺһ԰˵
ֱ˼㾭飬߰۵ȥ
˵ʵҪϱӣСһëëôؿۣ˵ʲôҲġ
ռ棬ΪʡһǮҪüغϣԼȴǼӽͷǼӼһҲûĻٽʲôӣž͸ռһ𿳡
ݣ۶۵ģʱֱӸۣŪ˼һһ㶵ģ֪Сô£˳޺զôأ
Ҳ˼ôͰۻۣмЧɽʱǮûۡ
ռ򶼶࿴㿳ôأ֮ǰеĶˡ
ûϵҲ˶١ҲǸŵеϰܿû飬Թ⺰߼ۡ
ǿġռе߷ȻÿһŬۣܻˡ
ũóг󲿷ֶۣ۸ٳƽʱĶ꣬˺ܶ඼飬һһ
ǰﶼַˣռֻˣг˽ⲻ㡣͸˵ˣСͺǮǮֲг͸ѽˡ
˺ǣԺöϤ˾֪ˣҲ׿͡
ԣԺҲ۸ˡ
еķʸܿ춫Ĳˡ
˵ףЩȴϸˣҪǿǵҪ壬ռȫֻ
ν׵ȵζϺ߲ҲһЩǹư衣
ǰʱֻ·̸ǺϴƷƷһҲûУȫ
ΪʡǮʱֻڣһڳһһ˵Ҳֻ˼þУټһֻϴס
һ
һ£һ⣬ǵ¼ûгҪý¯⡣
ֱʵԷӸ̫󣬵ûǮשˮֻ࣬һú¯ͼú
ôһѣۿžͻλǮˣ⻹ÿһ۽ʡŻ¡
궫ôȥֳ⣬Ӱ˵ģֻôô඼ò¡
ռ򿴵ú¯Сһֻ֯ˣֶֻڣҪװ
Сϰ忴һѶʵɢûãֻͬ˵ı֯͸ǡ
жȫװ֯һһߡأҲᣬֺ֣·̲ԶһôߵҲճһۡ
𣿡ռʽ
û⡣ջش꣬ͼСϰͶֵĿЦ
Цûʲô⣬ҲԵر˼Ƕģ㶫ߣҪԼŮ˸ۡ
ʵˣҲûãС濴һۣռȷµһ¡
ôˣռ֪ҪʲôΪûôصĶҪˣҶἸ˰ɡ
ߵСϰǰָС棬ϰ壬ϳܲܽʹʹ
ԭһĸӵϳѶųؼҿ϶
ռҲȥ˳Žָķ򿴣͵ǰϳҲãһ£ǼòԶһ͸㻹
СϳǸְֵģǵֵǮĶСϰ忴һǣе᲻ãһʱֲ֪ξֻܾڸղŲЦ
ܵı˲˵ҪǲģѺɡ
СϰЦû̬˵ѺȫѺҲϳĸӰ
Ҳʶ⣬Ҫһ⣬ϳͲߣ𣿡
ȻСϰһˬӦˣУСĵŪ˾С
ϳϳ֯ŵϣ͸һһޱȣռңȥѶ˾͹
ռͬ⣬ȥɣš
Ҳûټ֣Ȼ״̬ȴǰһЩҲǱԭιȥ֮ǰôһ㣬һ˵Ѿɣֻȫ
Сĵ㣬߱ż
İɡռϳߣͷСϰллл㰡ϰ塣
ռܿ߳ũóгСϰ˸Լһ̣ġ
ϱܸͦɰ˵˳úÿԸԿĹԽԽˣǶи
֮˭óռ˳úÿܸɣ֪ʡǮԽֹϱĶȥ
ٿλСȻҲð׾˹ģòҲϾ£ʵǣݵøƵģиղŸɻʱ˵ı֣ôҲ䲻˹
ϣǵģϱ˺ÿĵҲҺܸɡҰ˱ĸ֡
ҿ㻹ôáֱӾͳˣλСϰҲö˵ʲôǸóԽеĽʺޣزһ䣬ʣֵôҵôõϱģڵ㾭¡
û뵽ƣЦûо飬á



12 ͼ
ռϱòǰ˱Ӳĸ֡
ڵӲҪģԭռжãڻоӣҲǰȫһˣ˸ж֮⣬ֻüΡ
Ϊϵķޣռһֱֿӣ˸Ӧù
һʱ䣬ռһӵģСϰϰ壬ȥ䣬һٹ
һ£гҲûʲôɹġСϰһ£ָǰ˵ҪʵסҲУȥ涫һЩ
ũóг涼ΧǽգֻһǴţСϰ˸ָۣǰûгڵķˡ
һ˼ЦЦҾڸ㿴߲Զ
ȥѣԶҲû£С˼ҴСϰеΣȴȻũóгָߵͷС
߱߿гⲿһȦȫС棬һЩƷӻһȦΧмյϣľӴһż̯λҪ߲͵ϵũƷ
гĶȥĿӦоУϸϱӹгͳжٺܶ࣬ܶණʱ򶼻û֡
ҪԵĿʼԼҵؿԵйصĶ
ǰΪռĿԺǿֱҪĵطܶｭûüһȦũƷ͵ζƷȵȵͼ۸ﶼ
߻صǼСʱռҲſϳˣԤƵҪܶࡣϳлСϰ壬ߡ
ˡ·ϽռɫЩ죬һǸղ϶ؼߵ̫۵ģ̫ˡ
࣬ϳɵġϴӦţ۾ͣڽ߿
ָſ඼ЩС̣̾ƵġӻġװġԵģȫƽƽ档
ڿʲôأʡ
ҿûйģٺ˾͵Ҹ
Ҳڵ״ҹûҪѹ۲ַ˽ֱЩԵĵϡ
㲻ż˵ռ߿˵ܻĿ⿴ÿ궼ϣ
ֻҪԺÿúóԷܿܺõģеס
ѾСʱˣԽԽܸо屾û̫ëǴСӪֿҲԲһֱġ
һûõĲҩȵθȫޣûúóԹһٷԭҲ̫У״ʧߣȻÿˡ
ֻҪúõʳ˯߳㣬Ķܰá
ţڲҩˣúóԷһʱ俴ռʾͬҵˣǾȥúüһ¡
˵ļƻҲδһֻ֣аǵϣ
Ҳδ㽵ĵһľֻܾõͷӦ˵̫żȹõˣҲҸ
㻹ǵ˵ռٴǿ
ԼǸŮӣڽǰȴʲôҪԼýԽ
߿ߣܿص¼ҡϧһ߹Ҳûйġ
ռţѾˡȻûʲôֵǮļҵҵһҪɲŪˡ
ռ˾˵˵ǷĸҵʱպƽֻһԿףһ˵İԿ׵ġ
츸ĸıֳģ治֪ʲôò
ţģź󣬸һĨڡ
ΪǲֿⷿûУֻǽͷ˼ڴСͨ磬ͨ͸Ĺߣղ׾ʧˣ¥¥¶һ
ⶰС¥ٽֵһǸ˹õԺӡһ¥ţһͨĽֵһž͸Ժ
Ժźһһǵˮͷˮӡ
¥¥ҲڰԺһǽ֮⣬¥¥ͷһСȣŽš
ԺһֻҪ򿪷ţҲܽһЩ̸ãҲĨڡ
ǰѶ¥ңһ¥ûҲ޷ʱҲʲô
䵱ȻҲûеģֻʹôԺĹԡңÿζûǮ
Ʒʶǳõģһʵλá˷ú¯͹ư裬¼߱Է˯ˡ
ʵ̫࣬뵽ϱӻӽԼĵĪҪͷ
һֱ֮ԱǵҵһСҵҲǿһ򱶣ϧѾڡ
ȻˬǸ׵ϵԽԽ󣬳˽֮ҲûŮܳʱһֱߴٽȥӰҵϼһϣˡ
ռмຣ˷ܸУٲҲȲԭôʹ࣬οڻ˶δϣҺǹЦݡ
ˣҲΪеοô˵߳һ¿ʼĺ¡ǻᣬδкܶܣܱռһһǿ
ӽ쿪ʼҪԼˣİɣ˵
ţǲ˵㣬ҵͺˣãǮúŪһ·ӡ
΢ЦͷȴЩζӳ¡
ֹۣҲܼ򵥣һҲʵ֡
ҲҪտڳŵʲôѾһͼΪҲΪԼ



13 ò
Ϊȫǰѷú¯ſڵĹϣͨԱúܶࡣ
ռú¯װϷúȼǿ˰ˮ¯ˮȡ
ˮշ豸ȽϱҰʹõĻҪªú¯տˮôôϲУ˿żªװˮ̲סЦ
ԺھӣļΧۣǿһȦ˵¼ңҡͷʵ̫ˣСӹҼҡ
иͷ߽һ¥ķ俴һۣһ׸ߵļСϰڷŹư裬Ťͷǣ͵£ôŲûУ
ȴպţͷȥ򡣡ռش
ǽ֮ûһǰ᲻һҲΪӹŷԷվҲܳԣȻһ
ͷˣСʵ̫ôǵһμôĳտˮҪͬһڹ
ʵЩȥǵһС۵ҲˣеɣҪȥðɡ
ռе㲻˼Ҫ˵ûϵͷȥǣȿڣãǾͶлϲˣ
ҲǺ֮ˣԼлǮʱҲû˿ЦֵԼø˺һǹ˲Щ
һªС۵ҲúüǮ򵽣ÿһǮۣкǵȻܾܾ
ȥðɡͷ
ͷסԺӵһˣŹȥһɼҾֹ߲һ۵мѵӣȻ¾ɣҲӰʹãͷ̭ġ
ЩҪ𣿡ʡ
ҪˣҪʲôߣȻҲ˵ˡ
һ۵˻ȥİѵӣڳôųԷ
ͷԽԽȥֺѣũóгԱиɻгĶˣǿȥ
ٴлɻгʱǲȥˡ
ʱٺãռ뵢飬ץ绹ʣһʱ䣬Ҫȥҹܵʵĺż
˵ʲô˵ʲô񶼶࣬ſڣעⰲȫұż
ռǿ˯һɣ̫飬Ϣһˡ
İɣ˻Ϣġ
ŻصԺһ࣬λͷڣ̾Сռ治װ
Ҳ˵ģҲ⣬͵ǰˣҲõġ
ĵͷĻ£ڰֵԼչ˺ãܼ£ϺҲͲˡ
ûٽӻ˿ľʲôأ
¥ңŷŲ׳ǿҲܿ档
ΪûʲôҾߣʮƽķԵÿյģûשǽҲûˢʯңֻĨһˮ࣬俴ȥ˵ġ
ߣǽڣֲڵֱ֡
¶ѷһɱֽǰպƽ׼ϷĲҩʰӵʱûӵ
ѱֽһ̯ڴߵǽϱ˱ȣŰѱֽãȻ˯ʱһСĲ䵽ǽڶĥһƤûнˮҲûн
ȰѱֽʱһߣٴλһȦ䡣øĵطʵ̫࣬뻹ŪһȻٸһϴ䣬ܱ֤
Ҫ䶼װһ顣Ȼƣô˵Ҳ㣬ܹʮƽúһҲŪʵƯ
Ժֳ︡ʮַϧܷʵܹǸУֳɵֻмƱֽҲûǮϡ
Կ״򿪴Ǯĳ룬óǮӡռǰϵǮŻȥˣһëëëǮ
˼һ£ëǮѺӷŻȥϳ롣
ʱִŵʱûܵκλǮĿУڲ֪ûǮǶôʹ顣
߬ëǮϳģռǮʱʡʡӡëǮˮǽ᲻˷ѣϾڳյĸ裬ʲôԸ
ϣ˼С̣ϲطһƿˮֻҪëǮ׬һ˴һ
˽ˮؼңְʣµëŻغʼѱֽǽϡ
ֽ㹻࣬ľһǽʣµõ¥µĳŹư͵ϵĵطϣҲɾЩ
߶̫ˣʹǰ쿪ŷţ黹ãҪʲôô򿪵ơ
ʱˮƽѻܹ󡣼ֻ׳ƣҹҲ˷ѡ
˵õǽһãñ
¥̫գҪ͵òǽȿǽǲǳǽܲܲ
ҵǽмλóֻǽһڶԷӰȫûӰ졣
ҲԺ飬ڲϱڻ⣬ʲôԾ͵ȡģطʲôҲûУҪʲôûǮ
ǮǵһҪûǮһзȻ
ԺÿÿʼˣеԺӱԼǰˮͷϴˣеջ
ռӦҲˣһͳһˮ棬϶ܶ
һĶڻһ׺һСۣԼֱһ档
˵ѡҲֻ࣬м˺ͼ
ռѾ׼ÿ߲գȻǸҪӪĲ׼ġ
Ҫǰ뷨ӹô׾ݣý翪ԴǧǮر٣Ҳܳźüµġ
ֻԼǵǮǸ׸Ҳȫ롣ռûȫĸҲʡŻ
ĿӶԭ˵ʵҲãԭͥһֱö죬Ҳǳе¡
ռСͲǵһξϵĿӡ
ʹڻûּҵʱȻܾĥԷҲûô˵ԣҲȱˮ
¼ҵһٷԼ뵽ûθڣռҲ̫Ե¡룬ЩҼ򵥵ʳģһԿɿڵ



14 ƽС
Ȱϴ˷һߣ˿żɢһЩˮҨһСϣÿӱ߽ۣļ
󾮳ǳȽϳʪհʱͿܶ˼ڹԺ÷װЩС˺ͱɵȵζϡ
ھӼңĴֵܸܲСкˣҼҸհû֡
ҪԼǣЩ˻Ҳûʲôɱ붼û룬ӦСʲôóԵģ
Ҫõ˺СУ²⽭Ҫˡ
ʱҶɲÿٶԡҼһסĻ˭ҪģƮԺ˼ŵҪʿˮ˭ŪһˣҲһʱ뵽˽ԡ
лллһС˺ͼСУһ˸͵
ȻԶⲻףûûƤˣȻ˭˼˼ҵԣһЦˣӴǵãǳǵģСжѣܻͳԵòá
֪ôôż;ܾǲǹڼ⣬˵һҿɣҪǺóԾ͵óԾԼųˡ
УһˣĵĻвóԵĵų԰ɡ
ʱļݶιϣǱЩũҪʳݻιһų죬ţҲȻݳ󣬼ѼҲɢ
ڳⶼûȳζô㣬Сˣ϶ϼˡ
ţһͺáҲƣĪŲĳգ
С˳ϴɾ飬ǰ輦ּμͺһ㻨ۡ
ûݴۣ˼δ״棬һݴ۵ãͬʱʡ
ЩѾǼܼӵĵζˣټҲѾûжġ
ԭϽȣŻϳٷһȣҨ̯С״
Ϊмһףһȷݴ۲˶١ܿͳˣһòӷһ档
ԭ棬ǱȽϴֲڵĴһСּۣһС˻л棬ʳ͵һ¾Ͱ滯Ϊ棬ź㣬ɫҲƯ
ⶫҪըըļݣȻ۶༦٣϶ȼóԺܶ౶ϧҲˣֻܽʡãü壬߲óû˵ġ
ϱӳ˰ڻ֮̽⣬иþǿʳĿʱҲϲȥЩӵСӳʳ
ϵһȫְķڼʳķ嵭ûʲôζųƳ˽
ϵżһΣȥԵҲЩߵóǺóԣܳҲ壬ȫЩСӬʳ˻񫣬ԽԽԡ
طʳƶĻҪԵζһ㣬ֻܽʾ֭Ż
û뵽Թĺͼʳóܹ޵ҵһЩС
ҲΪûбǮ֮⣬ҪԵĿʼҵһԭ
ǵú¯ſڵĹżɵСҲԺӣǹ˱˼ҵķ
˭ʲôóԵģ˼ϰ˶ûֻ˺ͺӣҶ֣׷׳Լſڿ
˸ɴֱʣСʲôͦġ
ⶫ˵Сǽ֣ûýʲô
Դʢ룺һռˣҶ
ɢСޣֱԱΧۣÿˮֱ
Ҷ棬ûСͷĽСɫǵСк˵̣ϸܿһ㻨۵ɫڼɣȥ֡
С磬ⶫʲôʲôģиСʡ
һȻըĽмݣǸͽСǼݻƽС
ݻƽССһһٸظһ飬˸ֵԳеѼǡ
ҲԼƽСŵٵȵȹռͿԳˡ
ҲԳ𣿡иСкˮ̲סˣֲ̧˲ʵô˲԰ɣ
һھͿˣ㻹ԱԱԴһĿ磬
ޣԱȷܣЦǼÿһеġ
лл硣һȺ̿ˮͱκʱ
ÿСһֹûбֻװû꣬ѾѲܴװġ
Ѿӽʱ䣬Ժÿ˼ҷ˶׼ˣ͵ż˻˿
ӶڽΧۣЩ˼Ҳûۿʼǻؼҡ
СתҪߣҵ֨ѽһ򿪡ǻͷһ˲˷ܲѣռˣ
֮ڿԳԻƽСˡΧ˹ռ¡صĻӭ̵ģſڱտڡռ㡱ûꡣ
ռһžŵһŨŨѹûԼ롣˻߲ȣĶҲԼûϵ
ûͿһűߵĹϰڷһӽӲӵʲôһԲνƵģɢζ
ֵǻһȺС۾Źӭؼҡ
һ¼ߣҨһţʵʲô
̧ͷˣЪһЪ˺óԵģϾͺá


15 ̫óˣ
Ķž㣬ռҲ棬ϵĶһ߹濴ʲôóԵģ
ƽСȽڣһȺСش
ǼƣȫƽмݻƽСһ
ռﻹûθɾͼĳƷⶫӣѿôģԤĻ߲ǿˣž̲סԡ
ƽСͦġ˵
ĺأĺӣǽ֣СۿܳԵƽСˣ˵ԽԽ𣬡˵ҪſԳԡ
ǲǿˮһˣϵθɾ̯һС̧ͷռ򣬡ȳòóԡ
á󾮳иΪ˹ܱЩǴʵԭζҲеζɢôŨģҲǵһμ볢ˡ
һ飬ţȻҧһڣڸֵģͼ㼦͵ζϵ˲˺Сеǳζ̲סҧ˵ڶڡ
ܿⶫζһ˸棬԰ɣһˡ
һˣҵһ𡣡
ñҧһڣȺСĿû뿪ϵǿһ߿̿ˮ
ȻԼҺռҲС俴ȺС۰Ͱ͵ʵڿȥǵҲ԰ɡ
һȺ˵Ŀת򽭿ǵСֲԾ˴꣬ǲȥãһ˵ÿֻܳһ
һСӵĻƽС˵಻˵Ҳ٣һȺÿһĿҲܳԵʮ֮һġ
˵ûֻһռҲû˵ʲôһģǵǰϴˣҸǷ
߰˫Сȫ쵽һˮͷ³壬ռϽСŲⱻˮСϴ·ϲ˲͹ˣһǷ
ȲС͵ߣһھҧ°۷Ź⣬ϳţ۾벻ӡ
ó𣿡ǡ
óԣ̫óˣش
ǡڴʱֿʼˣȺӲ߻ؼҡ
ϴˣռѾϴˣ보Իԣ
ѾôԵģ΢õҶͺˣ԰ɡռݰһ˵⣬ǷʵģһըãԵԡ
ǽߵĽͷԭϣı߽ϣ۸ˣӽռӵˮҲȥЩ߽ϡ
ӹӣ಻һⶫٱҲ⣬ܸһ۸ռȻ̫࣬У˳ϴһ°ˣͿԷŹ͡
ϴɣЪһռӹ
˱ֽϴ˲˼һӵС϶˲ʱ䣬һһڼҾûϢռ塣
մˣֲѾ⵹ˮ˳壬ù˵׼гɶ
ռûˮϣˮ˺ˣҳźǲû˯һֱæڣ
ҲЪһͻָˡǰӦڴͳԵģֶռӸڴ͵СɣҸҪ˵СˣӦġ
Сռ˿ûԥҶǻģû취ƽϣ˸ӣװһ̡
ýˣô࣬΢ͺˡ
Сռ򵹻һЩ￴ŻģֻûиղôöѲ£ЩپͲˡ
üȻͳԵģõĻӣôҲһ̵Ȼ͸򷢽лƵģÿ
ǽںӣԼʲôҶõȫûҪӡ
˵Լ뷨ղżЩСôϲԣһͷͷҪȥ
ڴֵܽסһ𣬼ﺢӶ첻֪ʲôȥ˻ûȻǾ͸˳͵ˣ˳Ա˭
ٵһɡռ˵
ǲ̵ֻһˣռе²ȥ֡
²˼ǰɣһ͹ȥӿⶡٶȣɴ಻һˣֱӶĩ
öôɣռΪǸʱ䣬߹Ҫ֣ȥѣС
żܿˡһÿ죬ԵʱҲиֳԷ
ŻͷСʱҲԼӵʲôģ»ûռҲֻͣ˵˸򵥵ɡ
ҲԡռǺܺ˵˵Ҳе
ֱӷŽ˵㽪Žȥȥȡú¯ˮѾտռ²ˡ
װƽСùһµһ룬Ŀﻹʣʮ
ڴСÿһոպãҪǶøСӳԣÿܳԵ㹻ˡ
ռû˵ʲôǸӲ˼ЦЦӲ󣬵СҲСʮСǿ̵ף͸˼ҿôһ㺮ס
߹ȥѾż˻ųԵĽæӣӴС㻹ˣ㲻ôģͼСмƬ˵£Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰԺʱŵˣҲ潭СʲôóԵģ㡣
ȵ˼ЩСΧȥǻ˳Ե֮󣬴Ҳ˵˼ǼأҪܳҲȺ˵ĻСϲԵġ
ϿúܣѾϲüңӭͰӽˡ
ֻôһ㶫Ҳ룬°Сöֲǲ֪ܸͳԵѾ⡣
ǿò࣬٣Ǹǳζ


16 ̫С
ӸڴһռҲˣѾŵú¯͡
ƽСռһ̲ˡ
˸տʼԣڼҵĺǻˡûһˡɼǰӲĻƽС¾Ѿ˼ӵĶӡ
ϲ𣿡ʴ
ϲһƵġЦҲ˵㣬̫ˣǿ
Ӱڲϣһ۾ܿ滹вٻƽСռЩĨӹҪװһЩõȥղǵ㻹ġ
֣ⶫóǺóԣСڲϳҲôһ̲ˣĺ˼ñ˵ģֱ߰ˣòãζͿˣѲɻҪǹܱʲôҪæľ˵
ˣռϻе㲻ζԽǼҺӶ࣬Ҳһһڰɡ
û£㲻ò˼Ҷ֪ǵʲôģҶ˵ˣǳζ
˵ô˵Ҳ˵ô룬ǡռһʱ֪ô˶ֻҪһݣ;ò֣͸˳ԣȴǷ˼Ƶģﲻ
ҶȻͬ뷨뷨Ҳò٣⣬ȫ̫࣬˼Ҫ٣Ժ۸ɴһ㶼ˡ
ռô˵ۺܵһϸһ£־˵ĺҲԡЦЦ˸⣬ô뵽ģ˸ֵ֣ͦеġ
棬汾ƫƣ˼һ壬ƽƵĸƽһ
ڼҴžĥ£뻻ζȻֱ࣬Ҳûʲôθڡ
ͦóԵģĺóԶˣôһҲԲ꣬һ»Գһ١
룬Ӧø˶ۺԭϣȻ˵Ҫۣ࣬ʵõ໹٣Ҽһһףּ˲ˮģ٣ԿŶࡣõ΢һ㣬Ȼóԡ
㲻ôϸҽͣû˵Ҫ㡣ռӾЦˣô˵㻹ʡۣĶֶֺóԣҸ˻ء
ҲͣǸһ£Ժһ뷽跨óԵģ޵ĶúóһЩ
ͦõģҲһ취úóθھͻõ㣬Եָſ졣ռʾȫ֧֣ҲŽʡֻҪԵģõĶ͵áҽ쿴˵ĵطˣϰûڣȥӦûҪҵġ
˵ʲôطײ
һ뵽ΪԸԼһռҸϳţԽӰҩţȴҪı⣬ָܻ֮ǰô⣬͸Ӳζ
ּҵʱҲΪԸľģԼռҲùʵûԼһߡ
¶ĸı״ܻһʱҪԼӡ
ֹ۵ҹҵĿ϶ҲǽֱСĵԱ֮ģǮһܵͣûκαϡ
ǲԸȥʱģֹջȫʧ⣬òԵɣֻӲ֧
׵ģ˵һҷݣ˺ܶˣҲ
еʲôأ
ռ˵Сܸʲôʲô£ǳʦǰڼҲϴ룬ǵЩҶܸɡ
ͷʲСݿٹǮ쿴˵ɣÿǵжˣҪǾһ˴ӣ϶ۣ۾Ͳȥˡ
Ҳۣռ붼˵ôһС۵ȥ
ƽСȻῴܺóԣҲʲôϡ溱ζڳԱɽ亣ζĽ˵ⶫҲǿӡ
θʵڲãҲԵ߸оû˼ͳԲˣȥ͵Ĺ
ƮζŨŵЩθűվԶԶòӷ
ûιϵķ⺬ܸ֬ߣѾըСˮⶡըýƣֵܱܿˡ
߽ôɲһʳ߻ԸƽСһ¡
ҲûҪҪռ˵Сȥľڵ״˵ֻͬ⡣
صǰռҲ극ˣʰ꣬ʲôʱȥǼСأ
һɣռش𣬡˵ϰڣ粻һڣǼҲ㣬ϰһ㶼һڵ㣬ҿȥȻּϰ塣
һʱ䣬첻ͳţԵģԭޣҲܶ࣬ʱȫü
ãȿУûҪӦ̫죬ٿõĻᡣ
ţҲôģȸϰһ£Ȼٻһֿ࿴һ
𴲵ʱһ£Ҳ
壬ʹõʱҲγģе㵣ĵʱ˯ͷˣȻһСӣҲĻ˯̫
˵ｭ𼴽Ҫٵ⣬ҹһҹոڵϱң¼Ҫͬ
ľ˵˫˴ʵȵ˴Ҳ˶٣ȻںݣռҲ˼ôСһŴ
ô죿תתҸɴ


17 Ҫ
֮ǰûйʲôܽӴͻȻҪ˯ͬһŴʹϵǷޣҲе㲻ڡ
ǲˣе㷢ռͻȻʣȥ·ϴĶǳȥϴɣһˣϴ˻˯
ãܻܵԲǣڴӦȻһ·Ҹһɡ
˵Ÿռһ¥ռЪţѾû˵ʲô
¹񣬽ͿʼѰԼ·ӣǵðʰʱ򿴵бġ
ռҲ֪ôҪ·ƽʱҺãֻ𴩾С
ȰԼĻϴ·ҺãŸҡĸɾڿһķŽһһ㣬תͷͿһ㡣
Ǹʲôʵ
ȻѾǳʱЩѾ磬Ҳû䵽Ҫôš
Ҹое䣬춼е䣬봩һ
𣿲ᷢ˰ɣռеֹĶͷԼĶԱ¶ȣûհҪǸ
ͷŰɣһٿҾʹ
أռָǼ䱳
һױģ֪˶೤ʱˣѾɿ壬ϴɾҲе㷺ơ
ϱʱںͬĴүɵ÷ƵıģðȣΧ۱塣
ҪôһģǾܾġ
οݹģĴŸһƲڵϲ࣬˼ҴүЧ硣
ǸȲˣҹһϴô¡
ǾͲռѱĴӴóŻ¹ֿʼģûջ䣬Ҳ֪ô£ȥˮܾͻ㡣
ţû£Ҳһ㣬أϴˮͺˡ
˴ŶԺбԽǵĹԡңһǮһ˴ëǮҲûмʱ֮ġ
ǮȥԡұŮԡҡԡҲӣǸɵģһһԡͷ
ԡҺŮԡҷֱֻ䣬Ϊܶ˼ԼҶϴ䣬ԡһֻԺܱʮ˼ңҲûŶӡ
ŽȥѴӹǽڸߴĹҹϣϴˮˮһСǽ
˿ԡң۵ϻǽڶֻĨһֲڵˮ࣬Լҵǽһ˵ģһשûУǽͷͬײɹ⡣
ԡҼªªŵɾҲûʲôζҲûʸôªԡԼһûС
ԡҵˮڹ¯úӦģϴ˲࣬ˮ㣬Ϊ˱ϴᷢȣûİˮµ̫ߣȻһ㣬ϴҪһ

ϴռһʱʣںЩû𣿡
öˣˡش㴩˯ûôѹˡ
ԺĺӶ¶Ժˣе˼еӣ˾ȥ˼һ𿴵ӡ
ǼʲôҲûУȫûֻҲ뿴Ҫȥ˼Ҳ俴˵ǺڰСȸˣ۾ۡ
˾˯ɣռ˵ҵͷҲ˯ˣæһ컹ͦ۵ģ컹Ҫ𡣡
У˯ؽͲ˵һˣԼϴһ㣬ôΣҲ㡣
ֱ˴˯ľ࣬˴ͷżǽ
ݣǽϣԵűƫխĴܿĪϲС
˯еȣֱǽϣˮǽ͸ֽƤϣܶࡣȸǽ˱ֽȻôһвҪĥƤ
ڴϾ˯ţռѵƹˣ¥ͷĹøëͷ
ɵ˵ɢɢھȻѾеˬζ滹΢磬΢紵ˮָɵÿ졣
岻ûƣֻǴƤ쳣ԾѾ˲ȥδԽ飬Ķϵôô
ռԺô
ûƣ⻹еԶȷһţӸҡ
ռͷɵòˣΪѾ˯ţûƣŽݣŹϣźߵߡ
ɵϣ°ѽѣһ㶯ŪӶ
ǽڣҳȴװѾ˯ֻðѺȣϸ΢ĺ
װ˯ĺۣռһմͷһ˯ˣһ⣬ԼԺôٸ
ҹ֪ܳʲôʱ˯ŵġ

ռѵ磬ڶӻûˣ˯ǳҲ
̧ۿǽͷļķСףֻһ΢Ĺ⣬Ȼ컹ûռֵ翴ӣʱҲʮˡ
㳳𣿡ֽҲռеǸ⣬ҵˣ˯ɡ
Ҳ˯磬Ѿ˯ˡ˵¥ˮͷϴ
Ժ˼ҶûԺﾲĵģݴ󰻹ʱʱʱ̫ˡ
ϴ꣬ռִҴææ¥ǰô磬οȥҹôҪ顣
Ū緹ʣµĻƽС
ȼú¯һѻƽС˳ְͺҲ˳
Ĩ˵ͣһС㵶СӲһ
ҪСһţֻ֨ѽһ죬˼Ҳˡ
žһŮ˴źӳϴǺӺû˯ѣܲãŮ˱ߺ߸ˮࡣ
ԣˢˣúȥѧһ򷢸ԡ
еƣСѧҲôɣԤƣôҲٹСʱġ
Žȼӹһ»ƽСЩѧСӣҪôĻ»е



18 
ռ΢һ£ܿ¥һŵȵСζΪĨͣ컹Ҫܶ࣬ûθڶˡ
ôô㣿
ѾȺ˼ݸǲǱĺóԡ
ռһһҧȥƵƵͷ
ڶ󣬿ڸиִˣͣʮ㣬棬һϱڿǻﱬʱҸС
ռͣų˼ſڣţ̫óˣҲ԰ɣҪˡ
ʱŵŮ˴źӴԺ߹ǵô簡ǼŹһ£ҼǱ̫ˡ
ԺмԺӣûһԺţԺǱҵķΧģÿÿԺԼŽ
ӽǼҳȥСѧλøŵ˼ҳȥҪһȦλʱ䣬Ǽų
ԡһ㲻ʲô£ռ
ǸСкվڽԾ߲·ˣ۾ֱһֱŹСֱ̿ˮ
λǣźǰ棬ûӵı飬ͻȻͣΪֶ̫磬ʹ֣ѽ˵˼ˣ²ȥѧУߣһ⻹Բˣ
ռ򿴵һʱСк˿Сǰɣ㡣
ͷҪܾһѾӹСŵˣҪʱҪ庢ѧżǰһֱƢ˿̻һ¾ˣһ˹ȥ
治㣡ռǵ緹ǳʲô
ռͽǼĿõƤĺ˼˼ҵĶô£ϹҲס
û£⻹ءռһСѣʲô
ΣһӣϽллռ㣡
Ск˲˵ҧһڻƽСܵ˶ҪƮ¶Цղһưرֵллռ㣬лл硣
ó𣿡ỹЦΪԵ˺óԵģռСͦɰ
̫óˣСкͷ͵һ裬˿ֲҿڣֻռ򣬡ôģ
ӳһҪ˼ҵģϽӲˣߣٲ߾ˡ
ˣռԽ㻹ͦ취ͦóԵģѹСôϲ
ٶԵ㡣֪Ǹʱͺȥѧһļƻü
ˣԶе塣
ռϴ־ͳţͣĻֱߣʱѾżңֻһᡣ
͹ݴֻǲռȥģϣĻƽСһܳɹ
ռǸصˣԼһûǮմֻóɹ˵
֪ˣİɡռֻ߳ͷǿҪ˯һӦþͻˡ
áͷĿԶˣŸϽصԡ
ղռ˵Ļе塣
˵㽴ϣгģ׼ʱӵζζĺ콴㻹ʣһζԽ塣
һõСҨһ㽴棬ҧһƷһûŽϵĳһԱȡ
Ȳ֪һһһ㽴ľ͸㾦һԭζһ㲻ǣС˺ܶิζֲ壬˻ԡ
ĿһʣµĻƽСҨֱӷͺһʢĨͣѸһ𳴺õ֮ǰһСŹ︴塣
һٳһڣӽϳָˡ
⣬߳ԱߵͷȻʳ֮·ֹģôһСССҲԴ³ֳԷֻĿǰԭޣֻʱ
ȡý׶ԳɹСּȵʱóԣóȥ峿ƫͣܿһûôóˡ
ϿʱѾȫˣҲ½½߹
ֱߵĽ඼̾ӻС꣬С͹Ҳһٶףм̯˵ũ
ֱʮ׵ĵطһ·ڣֿڴսǾ̡
˻٣һæǰѹ¯ڵſڣڵģһƮ
߹ȥۣҵĶ̫һһ֮Ķһרͷһߡ
ҵ̵Ʒ඼٣ʹԶһİӣҲֻ֣Ϊڶɳڻں֥ڶǣеֱӾǰǺͺڡ
ֻΨһһڣ⽴±ţзʵȵȷḻϡ
Ķ󣬺ܶ˶ӹԲ𣬵ȻҲѻıŻ˵ҲˣǴ󾮳ǲǣǼ۱ȱĵطˣܶ˼ԼҲøˮǡ
˸ţĻƽСиͷûо֣һСӣϲĶĶλһ¾
صүӵһѷϼҾһľ壬д˼֣ƽСëǮһ
Ȼľú¯һֱӰᵽԼſڽֱߣٰȼҵȥ˰ѵӣٰѼǮϡ
Ž࣬ʼС
һӾҪߺȣҲҪľдʡ
·һʼֻǺ濴һۣûô£һΧ
ⶫôô㣿˽סջ󣬿ʼӶͳǮȸһ



19 ƽС
ƽСĺСֻһôһƽСھͳˣ⻹е£һһ
Բһ԰ˣҲԳ棬ôôóأƽʱҪ˵ԵģǾ׵İʡ
Ա߿ŵ˻ôۣǷһˣȴһ仰Ҳ˲˵ֻǻζͳǮݸٸʮɡ
ʱʤıΧ۵˸ȤˣʲôƽСĪǳĻҪܶ౶
λõʮСߣߵ·ڵķ꣬ڵСֱӸӣӵְָʲôóԵģȳԣر㡣
ǽŵζ̲סץһһַӾͰʮСˡ
ʲôְ֣óԣһԡСкδ
лƽСһ»ǮλæӽûˣǰְóǮģְٸ򡣡
ŶСкЩźֶµذϵķݸְ֣ԲˣԷɡ
Ҳǳԣְֽ첻ҲҪ
Ск˵ҳ˻ƽСԷˣԺҪԻƽС
ԷˣʵûСó𣿡
ǲԶˡСкһ㲻ԥ
һĻΧ۵˿öģǱҪȥϰ࣬ڶûؼȥӳԡ
һţëǰɣ
ȿǮ
Χ۵˲࣬ǴҶʱȥϰ࣬Ҫ˻ؼҸӣʱ͸ˣ׷Ｗһҡ
ģȵ򡣡
ʲôȣʱôûأ
ΪȺ⻹˲֫Ħ
ҲҪ˲࣬ÿ˶зݣǰںҲ鲻˼ӵġϽȰ
ΧָָĴֵֻôˣΪֹΪ˾ôҶܳÿ
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΢¶ӣȻһ˾ˡ
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ʵЩϰ˵λﶼ͹ӦֻλĲ̫óԣҲ壬żԣԤ˻ƽСǴ˾ͼλԾǡ
һ߰˸ÿ˶ƽСø˳һЧһҲֻ˾Ÿͻ
Ⱥӣһڴȷʵ죬еź
˿ɫʱ仹磬󲿷ȥѧĺӶû˸ָץʱ
ϽȥԱ˵ĵ̺СУϴɾ飬һ輦
˳ʣµһЩ㣬ֱӵһȡ
֮ǰüİ취ͣըÿ죬ըҲȼĺóԡ
ըû취֮ǰһԲŰѳõһȡ
ҲûرӣܿͰѼ׼ˣ͵ȡ
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ʱû˹ŵȻƽСըʱζһ϶ˡ
͹ڴţбռҵĴͻȻ򿪣պͺ´߳
պǰ棬һһֿͿʼԺµ㿴ôͻȻ˸лӣǰûء
ϵѽǰôҪҪˣҪһǵһμǳʶ
˹ЦȥһβſʼۣպǸ̯𣿡
ǰɣµˣҲ֪ҪʲôƾҲǮҲԸмＸ
ǣ㿴ԵôҲҪ꣬ãڽϰһú¯ҪЦˣպ̲סЦǱЩ˺ʡ
˵˵ЦЦǱߵꡣûһۣǵĻȻҲȥֻǶ߷硣
ʱҲѾȣʼըƽСŶԣըը״СӦøĸ֡
룬ľϵָĳˡƽСݡ۸񲻱䣬Ȼëһ
СҨһײϺŽ͹ﶨͣСףԲݾƯ͹ðͻ
һ˷һ棬ȥ·һԪƯ͹ȵԽԽʱ͹ɢ
СݵĵһǴԺȺӣԺĺԼÿ춼һѧһŵͶЩʧȥȤһѷӿ
磬ʲôǻƽС𣿡
ƽСˣĽлƽСݣȻƽСҪóԡ
ۡС̾̿ˮͿˣİѹôóԡ
Сӵ񣬴һͶˣ޷ǾҪǸ򡣺Զֲ󣬻ëǮǵȻҲá
ͬһԺЩ˼ңԼҺӸճ˽ĻƽСһ˼ģ˼׷Ǯ
ееҲеٶҲǮС˵ԼˣըĳԶϻ𡣡
˵һ˵ԽԽ˸ΧҪʵ̫ˣϵģϻǵһŵôĶ
ԽԽֲ࣬òôŶӡըһۿɼڼ١
ǱĵСȻ˲ر࣬Ҳ£ܶ˶ڽֱվŻ߶ųԣպͺҲ⡣
˸նŵǱƮŤͷһŷôôһĹôŶӣ·ͻȻӵðһ
ô£պ쿴£Щ˸ʲôأ
¸һֻ˵๷ŵζƵģ̧ڿᣬ֪ʲôôأ


20 ջķ
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Ծʧ̬Ͻͷһ棬Ҫȥô£
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ºͲˣҲٹĽô£רĳԼ棬˳ÿҲϡﻩһͳԵþ⡣
պһֲˣûûεģô졣
°һ¶ӣһ±ƣһֱôİ
ȥ
ֻøĪһ˵ȥûϢһҪȥò룬ŶӵĶǰߡ
ŵö쵽ſˣǳ棬첽ǰߡ˸ۣ߱Ŷӵһʮ
һֱǰ棬ſ彭ʲô
ǸлƽСݵĶ͹ӲԲķڣʳ󿪡ǸζǾˣʱøղųԵѾȻζ̲סҪᣬպղǸ۲סû
ëǮһ治յϳӳ˹ʣ˵ëǮëǮһҲֻϧⶫǽûƤȥֻǵĽܾҲպҪûϢֻˡ
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֧ľźû£Ϳбǰһ͹ðԱ߻һ潴衣
һľ壬д֣Ƕебպƽ̫ÿ̫塣
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ϴ˰ϵ¥ϣջ
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ֻԳɱֻܴŹ㣬Ϊûɱʾֹɡ
¾ðһ٣ʵҪ水㣬һǧ࣬ŵнײҲ׵ĸ롣
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һһǧࣿ˵̫ˡ
ѽյǮ룬׼ռٸջ˵ҹ򹤲һҵ
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³ųȥȴӭͷռǱػ￩һ£ǳʲôˣ


21 췹
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ڽһϵ·б˺ļҲЩ֪ͻʲôණմ档
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ָǰ״ֻЬ
˵Ьλãռú֣԰ôأҼǵǰģʱһͷһûں׷Ҳܻȥġ
ռ߹ȥЬӣڿ֣ÿ϶ЦڿЦ
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ռ˵Ьǰ͵˵ģȴ׷ӹġЩ׷ЬĵطӦǼҵ겻Զ
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һתռߡ
һֱͬ߻صǼڵ֣ռֿʣղôǰߣ
ǼҵԲԣ췹ꡣʵ
ռͷûشĬϣһ˵۲ܱˣٻطȥҹǡ
ıԽԽҪȥռ֮ǰġ
˿οģҲ嶯֪ԼмＸ
ţǲˡռ
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ռЩģ˵ģȥ鷳ȻԺĲ֪ôˡ
ڽʵҲһֱǰǸսʱ򣬽һֱռҲͷռϲΪãҲΪһҵĹǡ
׸ռңַպƽ˵ĸѹ֮£𽥱ñռ򻹲硣
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ˣҲͷ֦
ţҲôȥҿԵġ
ǾͺãռЩһطȥҹҲ̲ס˲ìܡ
˻صңóƽСݵʮëǮռ򿴣ʵԲȥҹģԺڼǮ㿴ҽһ糿յǮ


22 Ŷ
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ǮڼǮʲô˼ʵ
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ǮݸռӹȥӲ˼飬ô˶ȥ
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۽һҲͲǮĳɱЩ͵ҲֵǮ༸ëǮ
ĳɱӦͣըͻԼüΣôĻҲûǮȥ
ռˣòţԽô˵Ҹоʮ飿
ȫڽ֮УҪ֪ʹռҩֺţ⾰õʱһҲһǧǮЩС͹̰ڵۻȥ˹ѣÿ³ҲһǧǮľ롣
ŸոտʼоóԵĳǮһ˹Ǯٵģǰ裬ҪͱȥҹˣԺһҲæ
˵𣿡ռҾԵҲװɣܴҾò˵ûˣҸбһЩ
⻰ýһʱҪ˵ȶҴ㹤ĹҲһû١뷴һ£ˣҲ˵㹤ûգһ˻ԻһңҲͶɱ
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ռ֪ǳγˣһ仰ת䣬ȰٶҲûá
ҲаɣǾ͵վ˽Ÿ˵
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ǾͰѽǮǮԭµĻûʲôˡ˵
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Ҿ򵥵ģҲҪģһֱЪţһֱЪŲãֻԽԽ
ӹǮʮǮĳɱúúóﻮһô
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Ǳ߿ߵģЩѺõʱı⣬ɴǵſͣ½ŲﶼЩʲôԵġ
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ҵǰҲֵһ֣ǵţÿһطǼ޹أҾͰܵ𣿡
ԽżԽ˷ʱ䣬ɤߣôﶼŶ˵ĻжЦվڽҪ졣
ŶǿаѽٷB
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ߴߴۿ˵ĻԹŶġ
Ŷ鼱֮¸ϽʳǵǸԲң£Ӱ˴ҺúóԷϴٸⲻǡ
ˣúЦʲôˣ
ǰʲôˣʳǷ׷ױʾɣû°
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Ĳ֪˵ʲôأżװһ޹ϰ㲻һ£ȻҲ벻˵Ļʲô飬˵ôҪҵڸǸ
Ŷˣǵô˵Ҳ糿ռìܵʱʱ㶼ûʼҲԱ߼ҵĵ͵Ա֪ǵ˵㶯
ϵܵó˵е½˵ŭĿԲŽҧźѹве֪֮ΪҺǣǼԲ˶ߡ
Ҳ㣬Ҳǲ㣬ЦţһҲеζҲ֪ôҸϻƵģ³
ʱ򲻽ʳͣΧ˿ʼΧۣ˽Ѿʼ糿ˡ
еǷᣬۿҪ˴Ŷʧȥƣ̧ȭͷҪƫʱгԷҲˣϰ壡˲ˣˣ


23 һ
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Ŷѧô, ˳ùԲȥһʲôƵ, ڼ϶ԴҶŶ
Ϊ⼸꿪꣬ụ̂Ҳûٳʣʣˮ, ڳøԲˡ
ԴԲģԲģСȶҲԲ, ֻϰ, ʵڶ̵òɱ˿ȥһݡ
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ڱ˿ܻе£ΪҶ֪Ŷ˱Ƚϻ, ʱϲ˴ܡ
ǽĸֻļλãԴвʱ򣬽ֻʵڻ, Ц
Ŷûôɶµοϲ񽭿ô˵ĸ²̨, Ҫɫ
ʱп˲ͷˣϰ壡ǵĲ˻ˣ
ϱҲӵܳڸʲôأô˵ţ㻹й˻ˣ
ҵд췹꣬˭ϰԲö˵Ȼ죬ŶҲͼ˸곤šΪóԣһֺòˣƸ뵽ﵱʦ˲Žһˡ
ŶȻС͹ϰ壬С͹ݵʵʿȻ졣
ҲǺǵģ˳ñŶͷҲŶ߼֣ȥǴŶ
һھʨӺŶҲ㬵ֵһ۽ﳴȥˡ
ܹԹԵƢȵ˳극ˣŽһٲŹ֡
ûһؽߣ췹ȴʼԽԽˡ
͸ոǼӴȺ󹾹Ѿ糿鶼ˡ
ЩԷ˶ǾĹ˿ͣΪռ򱧲ƽǸղŶǣЩˣŶ˲˶˳˰뿪Ц糿顣
ʹһһ䡪
ϰ壬˵Ϊѹϱռ򣿴˼Ҳ˵˼Ьˣ
˵Ϊҹˣ˼ռҹⲻôֳˣ
ǲװռͶڰɣи˹ֲߣȱǵǮ
ǣǰһϰ˲û뵽ǲص
ռձռţɲף㲻֮Σɣ

Ŷˣɱ˵ĶˣǴʳͿɲ֮٣ϰˣԺ˭ǼҳԷ
˵Ȼ˺ܻ룬ǰ⼸λ˵Ҳʡ͵ĵƣɲǵġ
Ŷ˵ˣĶ˭糿飬ϰԵɴ˫||ۣɨΧ۵ŵԱ
糿鷢ú磬Ҫ˵֪ҲֻЩҵھӡ
˭ô©磡ŶԱ߼ҵһתͷǿװЦֵܼǼЦˣô֮ܳΣϾһѡȷʵæˣ缸Ҫʶģ鷳ܽܡ
ðǻʶҹˣرܸɡһ˴
ǶлˣŶЦݸӸ䣬ܾﲻԣֻһʣ⼸λôĸء
Ȼ˽Ц˵ÿķ˸С
⼸ڷʱԷȵʱͳŶúæ˵£ƫҪȥʱ䣬ǵĲееĻûһֱһڴˡ
ŶһϵЦݶʱס֪ȫԼǳģԼһҲռⵥҲã⼸ⵥ൱ڽ׸ɡ
Ҳˣ⼸λӸղһֱҪҲ԰͵ġ
ǣֵܣⶼС⣬Ҳ˼ǮŶЦչ˲ܵĵطԭ£ҪûϵĲ˾ͲǮˣ͵Ҹλֵǡ
ǼûٴбڵϣԴ۾ϵǳЦһǺܲþģַڲϣָһһá
ÿһûֱŶļϣһµһ
ǣǸ缸Եȣȥʴ졣
žһֻƲ᲻ϣϰ
УˣôһŶֻͬˡ
ŶȻֻϵĵϰ壬ļҲǿƽʱߵﶼϰԾӣ⼸Ȼ׼һ㡣
ȻҪǻ治һԵٰͣǸŮ˿ɱŶѸˡ
лˡԸԳļͣڿͶöƨŶ塣
ÿŶڵѪһ˺ضҪʹһ٣ϵЦʧˣ˺
Ҫǰһ͸Ǽ˴ˣԴ˻˵ϰ壬мвҵֻš
黹Ҫĸоܱһƿõİ׾ƹ˹һ˲ƿ
ʲôأһһʨӺ
ŶһԲ֪ô˵һԱȡˣһſھͰ˵ˣ㣬ִ߲ˣ˵ϰⵥʲô˼
ʲôʲôⵥתͷŶⵥˣһһĵڸʲô
Ŷִ󣬸Ͻһ˵ȿ˳극ٸͣòã
ֻһĽʹϵĻΧȹͷҲˣҲˣǰôŪôŪ
ԷĶʶˣҪⵥҲ֪Ҳô£׻Ŷġ
С͹ԼӪʱûʲô£ԴŶϰ壬ÿܻ¡
緹ʱŶ㷲صңִϱץƼ
Ƥʹ˵۵Ļһ׸ʧǮŶҧгݷģĶǽСǵĻԱߵ˵Ǽӵţôʰǣ
ͲͣͣѾܲˣ

ʱĽѾٴǸũóгؽֹ۲һȦѾ֪󾮳Ĵʳϰߣ֪ƽʱһ㶼ЩʲôҲ˼Լʳס
׼ʮǮĳɱðһЩװʳԭϡ
ϵǮʵޣʳģֻҪʳģ豸жªҲʣµǮȥ豸
гֱ͵ÿһʳĺ͵ﶼһʲôʳ
ȻûٿʳĿҲֻǿˬûҪѧԼԵöҲڻ⣬ʳļҲһ㲻ӾΨһĿꡣ
ֻƴ䱻ʳĿѬչЩǼ䣬ټһʳԣھ£пõõԭ϶һ㣬ȥҪʼ
һЩԭϣʮǮѾȥ˶ʮ飬Ӱ˵Ķ٣Ų㣬ȷڵĴ棬ǰľɻг
ɻг͸һƾɸУضɳأʱһĵذ̯һɻ̯Ǿ͵شªͲӡ
磬Ҳ̯࣬ǰһЩɻӣ˵̺Ȳ衣
װûоģֻи뷨
ʳԭϺͼܣֻܴӲ򵥵Сϣװһ̼ú¯ӣŹɼըڲŹʱ򻹿տ
󾮳ʱûúޣ˼̿ͷúҲв˼̨ɽϵũľգľҪһЩǲֻ̯ľ̿ͷú
⣬豸Ҫʺڽϰ̯ûƶǿһ㣬ʱĵط̯
ÿ첻ͬʱβͬصǲһģԵȺҲвֽ׶㣬Ժ󿴷չиѡôġ
߱߿ĿûôȷֻɻгһȦѡʵ
ɻгСܿһȦ֮еĲûзԤرӽĶֻһһЩĶȥƴӡ
˼·䣬ȿһžɳ͸ȵĳʲ࣬Ǹźܶ࣬ʮ׸ߣľɻĹľķӺӼӹ
ųĳ߶ܸΪ̯豸ӵ󣬱㿪ڸϰʼۡ
̯˵ڶȦ˲ٶȻʼľӣǳ⣬һҲûݹСǸľֻϹʵģʲôȷҪ𣿡
ǮʾҪ˶Էɻ󣬲˵ȥһúʡ
оɵ棬ÿϧ˲Ű￴ûҪѾ˶һˡϰܵ׼ˣû뵽ҪҪĻǮ߰ɡ
飿ѿڶ׼һ¼ۣû뵽ôˡ
鲻ˣ𿴱ƤƾɾɣоأӶӲֽʵϰ뷴˼͵ʹҲǮġ
аɣȷģһȡͳǮݸгһ³ߴ硣
ˣһʮ֣ϰֶǱ׼ߴ硣
ãлл³ߴ磬̯λ
ľˣرȸղҪĿһЩҪջŹ͵Ķǹ̶ڳܵտ¯ӡ
ֿڶȦˣҲûʵƷͲ࣬״Ҫϵľ͸ˡ
ǰͭģ߽ϸıһ˼·ܽõġ
Ҫʲôλ̯˺䵭˺һ˹к
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ƳûһѾɻһ𣬽ΪϰԼƶõģһʣû뵽Ҳġ
𣿶Ǯ
ʮǮɣˡ̯ƳһëûУһɣ̥ĽûôĥƤҲû⣬رʵ
ƳǶ֣е¾ɣڵˮƽ۸һҲˣǮĳȣԵùˡ
顣ԴϴũóгĹﾭ󣬽ڿѹֱˡ
Ҳ̯һʱ´һ󽭿û뵽λ˹͵СôݣɣˣѾǿ۸ˡ
鰡߻Ӧ߿ļǽɻӶУǮҲУܲæƳһ״﹤Ҳȫ
̯һ֣ǮƳҪˣʲôҪ˸ʲôҪĳʲô״
Եһ¡Ǯȸȥһ̯λ֮ǰĳ̧
ŵƳԱߣ̯һͷˮҲҪʲô
鷳ϰæѳĳɳۣϡ
̯ȫ⣬ƳѾ˼ҵˣҲ˵ʲôֺ˿ȷһ飬ˣ
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Ƴܿɼ֡֡úõƳ˵Ͳˣ̯һۣʽĳ۶ϣ
ԣҿﻹмƤĴٽһ£ƴӣȻĲôȻ󻹵ðѳְװӵһͷߡ
ô̯Ҳ˸ģԽĪŪʲôֱֲװ
̯濴䵭æȴҲǺܺɳƷЧ
룬ôԸæӵǮѰ̯ʡ£ȻðؼңؼҲȱȱװҸһǮɣٸҪŶӣ鷳ٰһ£һ˿ܸ㲻
У̯ˬӦŶҲͼǮһǮҲ٣Ҳţ÷ѵҿһ˿϶ˡ
˺ûðƳͳϲ˽Ҫӡ
ǳεۣ̿տҲԷһ˵ȸĳ֣һ˵ȱԭ㲻ƶʱȵڵϡٰƳ̶ֹڸ෴һͷҲߡ
Ŀռܴ󣬽ָ̯Ҫһ͵ؼһЩûҪľϣһܣԺʳĺ͵ϵȡ
û˼ֶԺ̯̲סЦʲôã
Ҵһ飬һ£ԳƷ⣬ʵ̯̯ԵģǲǺܲ
̯ǺⶫôԵģЦһЩܣԼõǮ˾ǣ˸˾ͺá
л̯̯صгĴʳԭϷϡ٣ֱܷѾ̯Ÿûûɡ
ϵǮʣ¶ʮһ㣬˼СССԺ̯һζСԣСʣǿڴֻʺը
⻹˼ֻ衢һСǮ޺һֻСͰװʳģǮǮСͰװһЩǮʱ㡣
Ǯʣ޼Ҳðˣ̯һĶض顣
һ·Ҫ֣ͬÿһ޲ǿΧۡ
ÿ˶Ǹʲôֵֹľ峵ľ峵һ۾ܿӸģªֹ죬е
ҲںܹΧȫ֮У˵Ǻ£൱ǰ棬ѹ档
մڶͬǼڵĽֵÿռǰ治Զϡ
ϸ˺·Ⱥ׷׸Ĺֳõվڽֱ߿޲¶Цݣָָǲ񾭲
ûϺռռע⡣
ͣ½ŲתÿŸҳЦһҲҲסˣͷҿֱߵˣ߻ｭ
ܵͣ͸¶źйԹǸʲôҲ±Ц
Χ۵Խ࣬ԽˣںǲЦռ˵ʲôЦЦ£̯ģ֪ԽԽá
ռһߵĳ֣ͷһԲǰߡһۣҲ֪û˵ĻȥĲɣ¡
ܿſˣֱӰ̯˼ŵµǽߡռ򣺡ʲôˣҹֲ˳
ܻ̫ˡռ̾
ʲô˵
ʵҲ֪Ϊʲô˼ҾöͦʵģǶǾܾˡռŽһҹľ
ȥӦƸЩλͨͨģֻҪǸ˶
ռ˵СҾռһֱɳʹܸڿ죬˵Щ˵ĵطӦҪŶԣƫƫȫռֱҲ벻̫׵Ϊʲô
һʼܵʱ˼ԭ򣬺̲סˣ˵ϰҲֱ˵˵ȫվסŵ
ռӲˣЩϰҪԼȥԱʲô˵һԼǸΨֱ֮ɨƵģԽ붼ԽʼԼˡ
ⲻ⣬ӦûǶҰߵǡ
ĽܲµЩôġ
ռ˫ĸĸʡ͵ĵƣַͶ۷󾮳ǵطСλѾ֪ܶЩ˵Ķǿ⣬³һЩҪ鷳Ҫеʲôλ֣ǵ⻹ô
Ҳ֪ռѾռҸϳ˼ţ֪ҶϾ˹ϵô˼ҲѪԵϵģ˵ѪŨˮ˵ϾĶϾ˭֪Ժ᲻ʲô£
ԸˣҲԸռ򣬼ʹ˲Ҳܸɡ
ռϰߴԭ򣬶û뵽ĸһ磬ѲŻ ǣҸô򵥵ĹѣûͦģҶû뵽֪Ҿ͸˵ˣٸԭļͥʲôϸ𡣡
˵ܱ֤Լйϸ𣬵㱣֤鷳
ռһҲǣȳڱܲˣ˵ַ˵۷ֻܿҪǮҴӲǻҽԺ𣿶۷ҪҪǮضҵռϰĵط
˵ô̯ĸĸռεȥԶĵطɣ˲ʶǵġ
أʵ
СҪٲоͻ̯ɡռҹִͦţûҲֱڲе㶯ҡˣŪģô֣ôã
ھɻгҵ뷨ƴӵģҴԣ˳ԼҪĶ
Ҫü𣿴Щʲôܸղ滹ñЦûӣռҲֵֹİ̯߹ȥϸⶫͬʱԵ𣿡
ǰǰġ̯óʳԭϣóļС
̸ͦ󣬲֮ǰһú¯һôªռҲбŰѼСȥˢϴɾ
רһСʼǱһдʳסʳĵʱѾиţȻҪ͵ϸһ㣬ĶζƷʶҪȶС
˼·Ȼ򵥵ĿʼܵǮʳӵʳֺܶȫضеĳٳСԣ󾮳ﶼûС
ʱĽͨͨѶȽ󣬸ҲƵÿطʳϰҲԱȽϹ̶ûγɽڻͨϴޣʳҲޣСԾ͸ˡ
ڴ󾮳ǣͱûУҲݳƷ룬еǮ˼ҲŻż򼸰波ʡ
ͱɱһµСдڱϣ׼ƽСһ͹ը
͹ըСɼɳ˼ʺϼԵСԣ缦Ρ
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ĶλȷҲкܶʳף׼ԺӡѾⶨ֣ٶһҲæ
ը򵥣Ʒǰãʱֱӷ͹ըɡļҲ㣬Ʒ׼ã͹ƾͿˡ
ԸһǼΣҲǷ͹壬΢ӵĵط׼Ʒϡ
ΪרһŴסŴױͨҪһЩڵҲûй̫ࡣ
Ŵ׷ϣųɷţһƤѹ⣬ٷ͹ơ
ƤˮŴ׷ԭõϣ磬رóԡҲǰμӻðʱһȫСԳгԵ񻹼£ȥгʳĿŴСԡ
˵һûͣʼ棬ȻռæŴ׷˿
ֳݣһݼһ˿ټϵϽȡһݼټκϽȡ
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ҲǣֻҪԽЩ취ġռ˼·룬ȷʵһЩûóԵͬ˵ĵô˵ڻͦӵģǰȱ仯ô󡣡
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24 ׼
İ̯С, ռҲģȻ塣
˯׼ռϾĻ, ЩСԶӣһҲѧ, ҰѶ׼ٺ𴲣ʱͰ棬ʱһ¾С
ʲôҪΪ½ۡ
ϲľǱ˰ʲô, ϱǸϵ鶼ԼԸˣӲ, ڼ, 뷽跨ȥҴ̼
Ӫ˾ҵҲûдСȥѧϰʵͻȻҪȥӰࡣ
ڴԽò׿ԼֻǴ㿪ʼ̯СҲûͦоġ
Լʹ֪ռֻǵ, Ҳ̫Ըʲô
οҲͬŮ˲ΪԼ룬ֻΪ˿, ռʵӦ˽һ㡣
ϱϵǸҾȥǼ޽˺ţʵӹøķһȫԼ, Ҫ΢չϵ
ʮͱƣûٶٺҲֻбϵķ, ˽ĸҲǸС
ãôԼͺˣҲҪ˯һЩ˵ûϢãʱԼҲۻˡ
ᣬɱǿˡ
ռѾܾûֱ˹ĵĸоˡʹҲֻǽǰǶʱůģռձúѹ֣˼ʹжԷҲٱֳ
ůůģҲ⣬ҪЩԷ׼
ܾýһˣЩļ²̫ڴ󾮳ǣûڼҪ³Ҫˢϴ·ģʹôһҲ˳Ц̫һ㲻үǶͥλ͡
ԼżҹΪԭֻʱڼòͬ⽭̯ԵģȻǺܵþ
Լ̯ǰ㶫˵Ҫ³ЩŮ飬ֻԺ󲻵̧ͷԼҲҪǣ˵˵ͻݡ
ٺҲҪϢھҪúòһ˯ߣһֱǺȦ෴˯̫ˣãüǿ
ô֪˯̫ˣԼİɣֲҽռţպƽ洫ҽּǰһֱ˵ҪҩҲһֱΪ档
ܸоõö࣬оöˡԺ˯ãøɻҲøɻõġ
ռҵʱ˵һֱʹɻҩû̫صĻռһԭÿ˯ʱر𳤣ûʮСʱġ͵ĳԲ˯̫ද̫٣岻ÿ²Ź֡
㲻Ҫƭҡ
Ҳƭˣ㿴ǲǱǰо񣿡
ҲǣǾһʱ俴Ժ˯ãҲදһĹʱˣռֻʣ˹ϵĹǣ˯磬Ҳһһ׼
ҲС
Ҫռ򹤵뷨Լ⣬һԺҲ֣ҲǺ¡
СôӼҪɱֲʱ仹磬ǵǱŪЩŽҶķС飬ϴɾͱӣֵܽ⡣

ҹȻռǰϴ˯ǽڣҲϰˡ
𣿡ռն״һЩȻӣֵǽڰǽô˯һ㣬һůЩ
һֻȣΪԼůһ˯æ̫ﰡҸоǽʣҲȡ
ŵռĪͲżʲô
ûż
˶ۣܿ˯ˣһҹΡ
Ӷ峿㣬׼ʱ̯һ׼ǰһСʱȫ㹻
ϴ꣬ռȥʳ׼ȥ̿͡ľ̿Ҫʮʱȫõ磬弴ȡ
ռɻ̿պãǱʳҲ׼
ֻмҪһЩŴ׷ţƤ˷š
Ŵ׷Ƥʱ䣬վԺӣըСݡ
˺üֻС裬ÿһС˳ͷŵһСÿһСǽ׼
ͱƽСݸװһ裬׼ԭҲպ꣬ǱŴ׷ҲѾƮ
Ŵ׷Ҩÿӽɢȣռ棬ɢȱ߰ϣһӴССš
ٽѺõžߦƤһСŰƤѹߦɱ״ŵ͹塣
æù˲˵ϵȴĬÿ鶼þܿͰѼСԶ׼ˣԺﶼ
̯ͬ׼õļСҲ̯ϣеĶһ˺һƵϡ
úãܷ㡣ռһֵ̯ôʹ
̥㣬̯һ㲻Ҳ⣬Ļõ㡣
̯λˣʱҲൽӣܿѧĺӾͻ½Ҳ
վ̯ԣѾļưˣռ˻ûһ԰ɡ
ҪǸΡռ˿վ̯ԵĽΪеߣ̯ĸ߶Ȳʣʱ΢ҪиߵĵӾͺˣôվŶ۰
û£һҲվһġһСŽΣռһԼԣҪǲͷ취Ż
ôվÿ㻹ãᱳʹҲ̯һΣһվСʱ⸱еԲǸøһ¹
ϰ̯ûռ˵һأ˵Ҳͬ⣬˵һһ
弦εʱ򣬽ڹ˵ͣȹŲ͸㣬ðŽҶһݸռ
æ˸СʱռѾˣȲҧһڣóԵͷһʱ仰˲˵
һ°ʽǮһ
ԣ½ˣΪⶫķǳóԡ
ëǮ˳ڴ
أ
ͱһëǮһĶë
ǲˣռԵʲôζƵģΪβƽǸСݶëǮأŴףëǮɣ
Ǹѽ
ҲǣһǾԸһ㣬ӡ
˵ռѾһˣѵڶݸôϲٳһ۸ûϵһٿñȱĺúܶ࣬ԿǼӵǮ
ãԼɣҵ׼һȥˡռŵڶΣ߶עⰲȫ߽ݣһҪ͵һ㡣
û⣬İɡҲעⰲȫ
ռݒһ£ܿšһȫˣϵ𽥶
üţֱ̯ڴ췹ڵֶȥ


25 
̯, ǿд۸ľͲˣ˵дһֽϣ̯档
̯һ·, ֱ̯Ľֱֵ췹бĹ䴦
ŶȻǴ췹ϰ, ڵ˰һ곤ĳ⣬ֻ𳴲ˣϴв˶жӸ֡
һҲ, ҲĵԱһֲŻǮ
ǮȻɣҲҪ, Ŷ˵һ׵, ˼κͲԸˡ
ӦƸԼԣֻϳڵչʾϰжڿ죬ҪµԱҲҪڿЩС
ϴռӦƸ󣬽һҪӦƸ, Ŷ˵
յתһȦһӱ, ӦƸǰԣһ̧۾Ϳбһ
̥ĳ滹˼ڹҲмӣ֡һƳĹ
ʲô⣿Ƶ
һ·ôصĳе㽩Ҳеᡣ
հ̯λõ, վԭػǣŰ̿һͼȣʱ϶ٴŤŤ
ŶԽԽԻ, Ĳе͸ſ̫˭
췹ʦѾܹ꣬ʱûô񾭵ˣĳƳڴϡȻΪ٣
ٺ٣ɵȱŶЦ
ﲻ֪ĸͻȻˣԺͻȻǸӰе죬۾һֺ񽭿Ǹӡ
Ǹڷˣ
Ե˻ûʹŶųȥû߽ŵһɲζſھʣǸʲôʲô񾭣
պûȣָһѾˣͷҲ̧ش𣺡㡣
㣿Ŷ߽Ȧֵ̯βЦѽҲ㣿Ķʲô
ĶǺóԵģ㣿˵ŻûͣţǼСĨ͡
ǣŶЦһû£ٿЦԵ˵ˣòصȥԡ
ŲæŽϵʼ弸ֱ˻࣬ÿȼ弸ζɢ
һʼ·ֻú棬פ㿴ۣŶһѽ£Ƕ֪Ҳ⣬Ǯ˰ɡ
ͻȻһҶˣΧ£
ͦ㣬ó𣿡
֤óԡ˵ͰǰɫζǰҶᣬ˵棬˵˷˾òš
ӶëǮһ
ԣóԲ󡣡
Χ۵ûЩȻŶϾҪǮģһʱû˸ҵһԣһóԾҪװ˷Ǯ
ǡڴʱͬһԺӵȺڴ˴߹
Ҳȥѧϰؾ·Խ̯Ҳʧȥĵһ˿͡
һһȺӾͳ˹ߴߴʽ
磬ôǻΪ㲻ء
磬⼸ʲôĶ˺ü
ۣźúóԡ
ϧǶ˱ˣ֪Ǿֱӹˡ

еĺקק˵ӣҪ˸Լ򣬵ǴÿԤ㶼̶ģѾ˱ĳԵģͲٶ⿪λ˵ӣѾԹ緹ˣٸòãԡ
һһȺӶֱʿˮˣЩΧ۵ҲԥɴѸõļָͬԺӵ߰˸ӡ
ǽӹȥҲ̣׷һԵͣȫû˵
ôó𣿡ǳԵʵڿţΧ۵ҲˮЩСʵ㣬Ҳʳ
߰˸ֻ˵õͷҲûĴʻֻ˵óԣ̫óˣ
𣿡һʽݵδҲ̫˰ɡ
ҿûǱ£ǶϹ˿ͣҲھӣԽǳһ㡣
Χ۵Ҫ򣬽ŵĶŴҲˣ̯Щ죬ӴСԭǴԵҪ治˼ҶӳԵĶûǮ
ˣζѣʲôǮ
ӿֽסջˣԵı쿴ķḻô࣬ĸԣǲǵ˼һ£Ͼ춼ûǮء
㻰࣡㱾Ҳ˵žǮСëǮһǲǣһǮġ
УϾͺáüӼ˼Ž˵ǮֱӷŹС
ר˸СǮһСϿǮҪʱÿԼãԼӴǮ
ʳƷȫ̫ҪˣĻЩСϲԵģСӳθ΢ӣһеʳĵӹ̴Сġ
СһһټһСݣ󽭿һΣոպһǮ
ԵģӣҪȳĸ
ӵȵȲﻹ˵Ⱥùһҧִһ´ÿ˵Ķٿ⺢ӳԵö˲ˡ
㣬û˸㿴㶼ԳʲôˡóӲ졣
ֶԽ˵Сⶼѧģ㲻֪СһԺһֱϻ˵ҪԣںˣȻ̯Ҳѧˣ컹򡣡
ллּ˸ҪǮǳ
˺ǱֻˣٸղŻ˵߰˸ǽеǸʵ̲סˣǮǮǮ԰ɣ
Եģû
ΪǸ帴ըȵģٶȺܿ졣
͹;ͺˣСҪ΢һ㣬Ĩͣһ±ʮӷ棬ʮҲͺˡ
ŽҶסһǣʱһȦȦһģӼСһţȵֲ֡
λӹȥý˸˱ǣҲЩƵģſھҧִһ죬˲ֱꡣ
һ糯Ĵָ൱ֵܣջҸղ˵ĻЩӾԲУⶫóԣԵ
лɲŲæĻͱͺڷڴ͹ϵ˿棬͵Ųõʱ¹
ΧȺһ߱׷׹Ҫ򣬳ֱøˣϽôŶӡ
޹Ͳ޹ˣ׼ͦ࣬Ϊֹ
ʱոտʼûʱ򣬴췹ﻹֻ˼ˣѾ˳Ķ顣
ʲôŶոջڸԵ٩ɽԼĴҵ£Լҵ󾮳жܻӭϸϴǼҴǶôٵ顣
̧ͷһϳĶӣֱţѵ˵Сôã
ܣһСӳʲôˣŵôΧۡ
ȵһ¡վӦƸλϵȺԼųȥŶӵĶ顣


26 ·ƽ
Ǹʲôôô˶վ⣿
ŶԼҵų, ûβ͵ԱߣŶӵˡ
䣬һ΢紵, ̯ϵƮıǻ, ԡ
ʱòǰ˵£һʶֿ̧ǿĵֱ
һŷ͵߷ʱ, ѹǵʳͱô࣬ղֻ˸Ե˴ţƤΪʱ仹Դ󲿷ʳͻû, ԭŶأ
ǰóԵ, Ŷءʵ˻ش𣬡ϰҲ㣿ŵûˡҪҺߣȻһܻҪ
šŵʲôûаŶ̧ţֵԼȿ, ôһҲŲֲɵӣԡ
˷Ӧ, ŶҲ㣬ڰڵ̯ҵľ֣ǹ˵ûŵ㲻
Ŷ˫ֱڱ, ͦԲĴŶǰߣ̯ǰƲĬĬ
ƻ, ĸʲô⣿ͦ˵ģҲ֪ЩʲôĿ˶ˡ
ͷԼС꣬û˽ȥ緹żһҪ꣬һ߳Ķ飬Ҳתˡ
Ҳ·רŸһǱߴǱ߹ÿŵ˱ǵӼᶨŶӡ
߹ȥĸ˵ˣûߵҴ췹ȿ̯˵ʳٿһ۴췹ꡣ
ʣ»ȥǼҳԵҲЩҪȥҪӵĹˣЩ˲ǳͷǳԴˮ棬۵ͣر𱡣Ǯ
ٿЩһĲͣǮǮֻڹըǼģɣܿ͵ݵϣÿҲŶӵȺʮӣʳ߳Աߣһ㲻ʱ䡣
ٶȣȴ̣ԽԽŶһֲֻֻͣǮǮ۾ֱˣʵĸζۡ
ȥɲУҪ̯ǼҾͱǮˡ
ŶҲȥ߹ȥȺһָŶӵˣҶһãһãҼҵǰѣǸսСӣϽŪߣӰ쵽Ҽҿˣ㣡
ŶӵȺʶŷӦλڴ췹б棬ʹβѾŵǱߣҲǵŶ棬췹껹һξأûκӰ졣
ˣŶӣȻÿԵĶֻҪʮʮӣŶӵȳԵָоĪһżƢʹ󣬴֪ŶǼǮۺ˷裬ҲźöӵúÿŵĶҵ껹Զء
ԶŶЦһҼҵĹ߶ڵˣϽŲŲ
̯ԤϵŶҲ磬ԲĶҪֱˣƫƫҪ٣ͲܲܣŶϰ壬ЩҵĿˣǴеģӰ˴һĺ顣
ŶЦͻˣЦߣҲӰһĺ顣
ǹĽֵûϵ£һ㲻·磬˵ҵ껹ԶأҪǿҰ̯鲻ãʹڵͺˣαػרܹҲʹأǾˮˮ
ġŶû˵̯ӰԼ⣬Ǿ͵ڳԼĶûĺóԣӴӶＷƷ̯£
ŶҪ̯Ӹһֻ||ˣӽĽǶȿǿЩݵͺͷԴۡ
òӴҨһӹ̵ͣҾһԴ͡
ͬʱýҲΧ׳˽Ŷ̯
˳ôʵ˷˲پϺֱʱ޿ðͣϵһߺ󣬼˾Ķճģİز˲֣Ҳˡ
һ˵Ŷһʶʵڿۣ˼ҽ㰭ʲôˣĶϲԣҹܶˣԺÿ춼ԵģҪǸҶôǾҡ
ǾǣԺÿ춼Ҫ۸ǸǹȥüҲ׷׸͡
һֽݸǼմ˸|͵ģлλ磡ֽ֡
׼ϸ£Ȼֻǰֵֽ̯׼ˣСԲըͼ壬ϺϺմ͡
ŶһЩˣȻΪֽʹ֣߳ŭ벻ܲ˸ʹʹһܣΪձһٲż
żŶӵ˶ʼָŶŶӵȻҪԵĶͻȻðҪƻͬ⣿
ǿ˼ãҲ硣
ǰĶһڵλҲԶǴҹõģֻǼԵĲɣ
ֹˣ治Ǹö
Ŷûκΰ취ҲֻԽЩԼҹ˿͵ˣЩַûκκôۿһҲռˣֻӲŵ緹ǡ
ָָ̧ȻǾ仰СӸӵţ
ﹴ˹û㡣
ܸмЩվһߣΪ˴лңˣÿһò๻
λùȻ׼ͱСݶö࣬ȴ컹ꡣ
׼̯һǰһͷλ绹Ավţ磬ôûߣ
λǴ󾮳һСǳְѣʮ꣬ѾǳһС쵼
ҵſŶǼһﻹ᲻£ѵҷеʱ䣬żߡ
ҪСǳĸԭϹӦҪȥ߷ũʱȽ
ղŶ˵Ļ˵ֻҪŶҲ磬͹ܶˣû뵽˵Ǹ֮ˡ
ллʱ䡣ñ˻ʱ䣬еǸ⣬ʵûϵģҲôҼȻ̯ѾôӦˡ
ѲŶĶ֣Ҳ˶̡
ˣܵʲôѽӵ飬㲻ÿ˵ӽ͸ŶˡɱСǼһأʲô鶼⡣
˽⣬˸÷÷
ۿĵСӻ֣ͦһ̯׼ĵط֪ŶҲҲ壬ǰͦģûҲǿӲһ档
٣УСӿԡѸ˸Ĵָ
ѾڿյӵŵϣҲŵϣ׼̯ˣسɣһߣ
ȥǳҪ֣˳·
ȥĵطе£Ǳˡ绹̯£ĶͦóԣһҶȥָϲԡ
ȴ˵ҲҲ


27 ͽʱ
绹Ѳʵ, ЩСʳһĶ²ɣҪԱٵġ
粻Щˣ緹
ٴδֵֹ̯, 󲻵ô緹ʹ򵥵, ̯ϵ϶ڲ£ˡ
ڽϵĲ͹ݣ緹ĳС⣬Ǽҳʳ
ĶλζӲ컯, ֻζСԣʹ緹Ҳ⡣򵥿Уʺڻֻ̯ܰĿ͹
, Ѳʲô緹, Ѿٴα𣬡ʱ򿴿ʱʵĻٸ
Ǿллˡ

̯ؼңϴװŹϴǮǮǮó
ջĴĿĶۺͳɱ, ׼࣬ʹûȫ, յǮҲӦýӽ
յĴ󲿷ֶǼëһǮһӣȼ֮ǮĹ㹻
ҵϰǮ, һ棬Ǯ࣬, Ƥá
۳˿͵ģյǮһٶ飬Źܵ߰ʮ
ʲôҪÿ춼ô࣬һ¾ֱǧˣ
ҪˣǰԼһɣǶڽ˵ǵһڵǮֵǮϱӼҵʮ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
Ѵ󲿷ǮŽǮĺһִϣ˲Ъһֳš
ڸչ緹ʱ䣬Ҫ׼緹ҲǺܸϵġһֱֻũóг
ʱ䶼ޣ緹̫ӣڼζԭ֮£ʳǶЩһѡ񣬲ԽԽá
ּȿֻǴ󾮳ǵشϷط˳ֻֻй棬ѡޡ
ȥһѴһĹ棬һŲ̫ȻЩ׷ۻкӷۣڴ󾮳ǺܳҪʲôĶС
ЩζϺͽϣм߲ˡһռһʱļûѾˡ
̯ǰЩ߽ϡ
гڴһרһԲ;߲ͺеĵ꣬ͺлַݲͺУҪҲûУ˲ʮǮ˰һһԿӡ
ַݲͺٷ粨ֹǷж飬Ҳйͽķ粨ѧѧģȷⶫĽԺͻԡ
ΣʱֲͺзǳУҲûкܺõƷѡ񣬾˻
궫صң׷Ȼ߲˶ϴɾеĶкñãſʼӹʳġ
߽ϷϴгɱƬδɢӻƶټӶ㶹Ͱǣý͵ȱƽϡ
¯ⱡƬƣըˮһͣ뽪㣬ƽϷζʢá
һڸɾȣ뼦Һٻʢá
ٴμͣ뻨ĩкҶըζ뽴͡ͺͽζȫΪһ壬һֻСﱸá
ЩͣЪ˿¥ϵʱ䣬ʱ仹ԣȰ̯һ飬¯油̿𣬰׼õı϶ŵϣڷú¯ϸˮ
ú¯ϴ֧һֻˢϴɾˮ
ֹ棬ȽϽרѡ΢һģҲ磬мˮŵˮ
ˮ߳߰迪һÿѾȫˣ˿˿һҲûճһһҲŵ̯ϡ
ˮţȽ׷۸ӷ۷Žȥһ̳ŷŵϡ
ٽһкõĺܲһ㶹һҲȥһͬ󿪶һֻʢŵ̯ϡ
ʱ׷Ҳˣðýסųԡ
׷ʱץһŴ׼ӽֲ׷̫𤡣
ͬһֻ׷ʢΪˮŵƫ٣׷ɷǺÿ
׷迪ɢȣҲŵ̯ϡҲÿ׼Ҳ㹻ֻ֣
ʱֻҪǼСһȣ緹һֳӹͺ͸ֵζҲ̯
ٽʱ䣬տһˮСȥӵκͼ̯ͣܵ²㡣
̯һ׼õĲ⵰ʳһȻЩʱͦ򵥣ٿûͦӵģԼû뵽Сʱġ
ݲͺˮϴһ飬ŽҶҲ׼˺ܶ࣬ȫϴɾһŵϡ
ֽ֧дϲ˵ͼ۸Ա߻øһŵдϡԴ;ߴ֣ۡý̯ࡣ
ô˵ע⻷Ǻ£ҪԵĹлӰ쵽һЩ˵ĻʶҲǺ³˫ˡ
ٴ¥ǸǮǮĹӣʱ̯š
׼ʱϰ°ʱ̯λãѾ½˳ԷˡеĳӹæϢҲûкϸ񣬲˶ǵȵ°ų
㣬̯
Ҳʲôأ
ͳǮһݣͰһ壬ʲ壬ָָǰŵĲ˵ܵ
ó𣿡
Щ˴ûԹЩǰԹƵҲĲһٿϰЩ廨ŵʳģ㣬Ҳµõ϶óԣǶӲĹ
ݳ
Ǿʲɣ־ͺһóëǮᳵ·տС
ãԵƬ̾ͺá
˵һ˲ͣ˺Χſ뿴ôʲ
һСͣһĩ㣬ּƽϳķƬཷټЩĺܲ㶹߼ףһ¾ͳˡ
ٺ٣˲͵ʿˮ̲סˣû
Ҳʼ˭мܲסԴȥ˵Ҫĸ
Ҫӵϻû꣬òҨһС鳴ļӽȥ£Խˡ
СҨһ׷ʲӵΣҨͽȥòӰɢס
׵ļܲѣҲǳǰϰģ̯ͬգҪóԣˣʽù˿͵ȷʱҪ̫
Ӵǣ԰СΧ۵ޡ
ʲãɫζѾûʲô˵ģҨ˵ͽȥȡɫͺÿʲٴιһͣʵڵȲˡ
ǣûаҿˡ
ˡóһֻݲͺУϸɾİŽҶʲͺ棬ٳһ˫һݸ극òͺʢȣǵԺԴ;ߴ۰
˽ӹתܣͲˣҴȥһԡ
ǣϢЦſһߵıӰ
عͷʣµļѾ׷״ӶǮҪǮ
һݳۡ
һݳ档
ҲҪʲ



28 اģ
˷׷׵˲ͬĲʳ, Ǯվͽݣ۵㿴˼ͦﻹŽҶ, Ȳ͹ˡ
ɲ𣬻⿴, ʲôڲ͹￴ĵ
ûҲЩ

ۣȫĶֻ˵ǰļڹ
һڴǰտˮ, һЩȥ
Сͬʱȼͼĩ㣬ڹһڳһڳۣһڹͰ档
ͳ۵ĹͼԲײһ, ׷۷ֱһЩ, ЩͣһʽȺټһ㣬Щл󹦸ɳ
ͰֻǰըõĴ͵һЩĩ, ٽȫ̳룬ȼɡ
һͬʱĿڹ, ɣŵȲ͵ļѾеĿϾӡ
ⶼѧģһͬʱݡ
Ҳˣúö
ż, Щܿ죬ʳѾһӵڵ, ܹӵ㣬Ҳñ֤λζ㡣
˲֪˶ٿˮҲһģһҪλ
ʳȺݵϣ˴ӣһݡ
β࣬Է˿ְ̯ˣЩʲôһ۾ͱסٴˡ
Ŷ򷹵˲϶࣬緹ҪӺüֻ˵æŸ˿̯֮Ͼ˼
ȫûִʱһѾ첻ѵм䣬ſǰڹлҵ

ռȥ˸ԶطҹȻ˳ˣһԾ¼
һֹǵС¸λĹҪѰõǽģߣȴͺðװֽװ
ռ˳úÿ󷽣һ۾ϲֹϰĵͦͶֳһ»ƣҲıֺ⡣
мҪֹװҪþÿҪЩ͸ӷ֡
ռǿ˵ҲΪЩΪӦ֣ǿҲȲ͹ݴҪɺܶ࣬ȻʱȲ͹ݵһ㣬ǳ⣬ö˵Ĺ
һѧ̵ʾԼ°ϲ
еռԱ˵ҲģռҪˣ͸ռ̸ؼ׼ʽϰ࣬ڶˡ
ռлֹСӿŲؼңһ·¶΢ЦóʱûôĹˣһʱصҰϲѶ߽
߱룬ҪóԵһٷʢͣףһ·ּϲ¡ԺǵҲҪһ㣬ýӪõʺʹȥ塣
ռ̵ϣҸʱͻȻﾹȻ˳Ķ顣
ǰûŶӵģ֪ʲô¡ؼУûǰȥµٶȲڶԱ߼ߡ
ǰͷžȵطǽ緹ռɲͣ½Ųһʱ֮䲻ǰľ
üɻͬʱðô緹Ҳôλð̯Ķôô֣
æϰӶͣռһʱҲ߹ȥŵ
ŶӵһȻԾǮǮӣҪʱҲԼǮǮռú棬Ҳǵһμ̯ľ
ٿõ͵˳Ե޲ڣŶӵ˵ȵÿˮֱæĽҲúˣ˧﷭ķͷҲÿһͺóԣһ̻ʵʳ֤жζ
극òͺʢٵݸʳͣһǳɣµģ۾Ʋ
˺˧ʳԵΣռֵֹ̯Ҳܸߴϣʱе㽾Ȼ
Ϊȥԣ컹ÿ·վۣȻŶӵֻ˿Ȳͣȴû
ռһѧ˽ǼôŴԱߣ㣬Ъɡ
ʵڹרעͷ߳һ㱡Ҳû쵽Ҳûǰ̿ͼСжˣϡ
ռͻȻԱ߿˵һʲôʱģ
ռվڹǰͿʼҿһˣѧôˡ
·׽ͣϴĿϧһ·ƽʱô浣ıͽ߱̿ĻǽȥгʱҲһΧȹûæù㵽Աߵһ
һעģæռְۻˣЪɡ
ŶӵȲ͵˶õˣһ˾ʼ٩
ӴСڵأĽ
ϱЪЪһɣС۰ǸЪһµġ
ǰ㿴ϱã㻹顣ûôżЪһЪɡ

ռһºˣæǰ˳ʲô⡣
촩ôÿŴվ̯ܴЩ˵٩Ц
ռôôÿôÿٺ٣ӡ
˼ԺϰˣȻôõ㣬Բԣ
ԶԶԡ

ʲôϰڿˣҽȥҹģԴʽһ㡣ռ͵
㻹ȥҹȥ˰ɣ㿴ôã㲻ææù𣿡
ռ˸ǵĹڽҲǲ֪ͷܲܳãҲԺ󽭿æô죬л
ΪԭʱеģôҲҪ̫áռæȽڿԴŷ˫С飬Ҫʹˡ
ֻһ½ǣתͷÿͷɽмֱӽռ·ϡ
ɣϽȥӹϵĹЪˡ
ֻ֪ռر·ȫgetõ·ĿжҪϾϱǸĸûҸ·ˡ
û£Ͼͽϰɣҿˡ
Ϊû֣û뵽ֵôЩһǻͷµġ
̯߰ݱбĴ췹Էֻɢɢ
Ŷں׼ˣ͵ǰԱ˵˵Ĳ˵
̨ǰվͦҲûӵˣΪϵ飬еòԣ³˵Ĵߡ
ҪȥԱ߸׼ϣۿ緹߷ھҪˣȴˣһ
ҳȥŶߵſڣųһ̲סƿڴاģ
Ŷû뵽ǿòȥ罭̯
ŷǼҲ׬˼Ǯ첻£ЩҲվǱߣͲһʶ緹ʱ취Ҳǡ
ΪҲϵǵʧ˹ģ뾡˰취ÿ϶Ҫ͵ϣʳͲܲ
׼˾͵Ź˿ף˭֪˸գһ˻£ôܲ
Ŷȫٿʲô쾯Ļ׵˾⣬̯λǰ
ÿǰͷ˴һֱӳ嵽̯ǰҪƷ̯̯



29 һηŶ
ŶٶȺܿ, ҸշӦѾһذ̯ǰˡ
ŵֱӶסﲻҴ, ֹͣͣ
𶯣ǧһ֮, һ;һ㣬ŶǰֻҶһ¾ͻݡ
Ҫֻнһæ, ˵ҲӦҴ˿ռڰæڳע
Ŷƶνһ˲, ۼֿ׼õһֻ, һ׹̵ͣҪ̯ͬʱ쵽ǰ
ֻ׸רҵʦõһ󣬰ֻر𳤣̯Ҳ쵽Ŷǰǽȥʱרġ
֮Ĳ, οŶˣ֮ǰ, ҪƣʱֻĴ׾úܺʾˡ
緹ò͹Ҳ׼, һС¯ͱ£ΪԤŶҡ
Ŷ̴̴ֵֶѾ쵽ֻ̯Ӱ빫ֵľ룬ͻȻǰһ, ͬʱһǳ⡰𶯡ʶͣסƤһֻ̧ͷһֻȺס
һ͸պô׵׵ŶıǼεϣҪıֱͷıͷݲɡ
Ŷס˿Ҷ̿ˮ˵Ҳٴˣл˵
ҲôôٶȣԼѾ㹻ˣֻ׸һ졣
Ҳ͹˽ĵλĲӳһıӵҲԡ
ȥһǰһ㡣
ֱ۱飬ողŻһ㣬ôһֻӣӵİֻôټһ׵ͣԵøأָˡ
ֻôŲõ㣬ôǰһݣŶͿֻӲΡΡģʱܰ㵹һ
ôһף˵ǹ̵ͣһ׿ˮҲԲȻø˧մϱߣҲûʲô̺ۣҪǱܵҪĿȫǡ
úúã󾮳ǻûŶô˹Сɶ۸ˣûб۸ķݣ㡭ɶ˺˰𶶰
ˡֱ۲΢΢˵ƽдŲɣǿվԱߵռҲˡ
ˣˡŶ˫ѾأҲҵƣȻְװվһԸ|ֻӣŲ
ռ򿴵üţ˵һСĵ㣬ֲҳҪţӰ쵽
£Ҫǽһһ;潽Ŷϣ⻹ûǮأʲôҽҩѣ
ղרעڸŶͻȻ嵽ǰҪ̯ʱŻˣκηӦ
Ҫ̯汻ƷͽضҪһȼ̿ˣǹֱͣùҲ롣
Ҳһڽס˳棬ֻҪܶǰӾͺá
ʱҲӦˣղŵ鷢ڵʯ֮䣬ֻһźĶһʹܽȺҪ̯ûôգ۵Ĺһ쵽Ŷǰġ
ļǰΧסŶŶǸʲôúŶӵȷǴĲǳԷ㻹ҪƷ̯ӣ֪ΪжΣ𣿡
ƻûóѣŶ޻˵̧һԼĹͷֻ÷ǳգҪָ㲻˵һҪĴ
ʹһ  ոԼǰһָűˣ־͸
̧һѾջǰѴ׵Ľվ΢΢۾ôӺͳŪζ
һʼǿûʣͽڶŶʲȥˣһ²֨֨˫ճȭ˼£Ҳָؽ죬ȥ˵ġ
ΧԼˣָŽСӸӹ첻ʰҾͲţ
ȥôղŶ˳ʲôˣװǻƣ
ȥŶֻҪһ;ˣڸ̯˾ţֻҪվ͹ǰڲ֮ء
Ҳ䣬Թû
ôԿ
ռ½ǣĻȥ˸ŷ
˱ˣǻųԷءųԷҲ޵ģٴŶ㵽ô£ҲҲ֣ǵˣ˵˾Ǽñ£Լû¾˼Ҿ֣𣿡
ǰбԼҲЩóԵĳ˸ţ˶ʼԹ
˵û¡־һֱӴ̽ŶҪ衣
ߵñ˵û£˵İ̺ۣĥӲѵ곤ͷøǿ˰̲ų˲١
˾ϰԾӣʱ˴ҲϰԾϰˣлҲ𽥼ʧ
˿ͻȻٴ˵û£ͷǿ˰̡
ķʲôƨŶܲ˷ҲֻϾΧˣצʼ޲𹥻
ִһͣȻֻǰ̯Ҳñ֤Լ˿͵İȫл쵰ԴҰ
Ҫ߹ȥû뵽ռ죬ֻֻͳȥˣںŶʲô˵ˣ
Ȼ޲𹥻ŶҪĿ껹ǽռҲ취ԸһռԼˣͲãǿſħץͳռͼռץסʣǿȽ̯
ڽֳȳһŶȥ˻ûȵռҪץסһ˲佫Ŷͣ
ռһҲʶԼڳ嶯ˣ˽ΧУȰԼȥ
˵ֻһͶѣŶٴôױסƫƫ˳òզȴͦÿҪպüξӣܾԼǸӣݲ˫ʵҲĽһһ;ϡ
˫ôһ˲ЩŶ˸ղֻ˵öڶæһȺץסı۰η
ûһøһͷţһһӲ˺ü˫ֵǯơ
˶һʲôҰôͻȻһִֻ˷мһ޶סŶ죬ֱӰȺק˹ȥ
͸һɺݾĻϸ˵ĻôǲǷ᣿



30 ±
͸Ⱥȥ, ŷѣ˸󣬳׳, Ŷǰֻһֱˣ˫һҲסԼֻ֡
Ѵ׳Сһļ, һԼСۣԼҪҲ壬αػҪʹͲŶ⸱Ǹúúöһˡ
ѾŶĲһֱŤͻش췹꣬Ŷͣģ, úҸ֮飬ûϵ, ֻҪ, Ҫʲôôᣬһ⡣
TMϻҾǿ۸ʵˣѵҼһʰһ, ñٿ۸ˡ
Ŷ˵ʲôӲ췹ſ, ˵תߣֻص̯ĵط
ں˺һҲŶ߳ǰҪˣպŶͱ˽, һĲײϡ
ʲôȥˣȥôáʡ
Ŷﾶֱߣû£ûʲô
ųȥ, 뿪ıӰڽŶӵˣһô¡
Ŷȥ£Ҳ潭̯ôôϲĬĬ߹ȥ˼ۡ
صҲûŶִΪԷĿҲŶ飬ֻͬŶּ򵥴ֱçײĽʽ⣬ֻͽ鷳
ռлæĴлѣ¿ʼΪ˱ʾлÿݷҲԸѵǮ
һ˼صˣƽʱͺ·ƽε֮˸һԷǮǲܵġ
Ϊֽ֧ǵ⣬ԼһݣҪ򼸷ݻȥ˳ԡ
⻹û꣬ѵԱһҵùõ绰绰ǳʮϵõĹˣȫռ
ʵм˵ٶлĻҲֻøмۣ׻˵лм֮ǡ
˱ñȸղŻ࣬ռֻ˵רע̯ϵļ
ΪŶ£̸еϺܶСϰ͵ԱҲǰΧۣһķʳ׷Ǯ򣬽һֵĸҲˡ
±£֮ǰռæԻ˶ٶȲÿ˱̫á
¯Щ̿СĹ׼㹻࣬ռڳԼڳǿĴɹ
ö࣬׼ʳޣܿ緹Ҳˣ˵ӣܹʱҲСʱ
ռ˺̯ؼңռýЪŲۣԼȥˮͷϴ
ȷʵЩˣ˫۵黹δʹ˫ҲʧȥһոУָʱоľľģͬʱĻᱳʹȽ顣
̾һĲðҲˣЪһϴɡ
Ҳۣܿϴˡռ˰ɣڶˣҪͲˣʲôǳȥ¹Ӱɡ
Ϊˣռ¹ӣʲôϲ·̯˺ܶ緹Ҫ˸˵ϲ£¹ӣҵˣ
ţռͷûϸ˵ϲģҲȽɡ
ϲǸףһ¡һĴҪǳˣó¹⣬Ȼǿзԡ
ûԵأռʵ
ȫ࣬ʵ·Ѿһͦռ򳢳Щܶ͹ݵķ˻һôóԡ
ļʳȫˣﻹй棬õķƬҲʣ㣬ըҲ򵥡
еˣڼŪ԰ɣŪղĴͰ棬ֺóԣףҵòã
ռŤͷֻһƣǿžҲڸǲˣ붼ûͬˣãǾ˵̫ˣúЪű𶯣ҴôըС
򵥸ʰ̯ӣú¯ըôְͣʣµķһһ̣ˮ
Ͱ򵥣ʮӾˣռѳõͼһ𣬸Լÿ˷һϲ
һݷֽŵſڲ˯ˡ
ռЩۣ첻׼ô緹ȻеԲ
ϣÿֽһ£Ͱÿͣ磬еԥҪҪ˷˯һ
ռ̧һ£ڰͣס֣Լ棬ͻȻҲûʲôˣԼҲͦġ
̯龰æ۳Ժȥϰȥˣ϶ȥۿ尡
ҽ컹ôµ飬Ҳܵĵġ
һͰŶסԺ϶İ취ҡ
ʱְ̳ǵѣҲָÿζʱȣÿ˶ԼҪ
췢ôõ飬ҵˣҲ˿ȴһҲ˲
֪Ϊ֮ǰҹ³ȻҲȥ췹б̯
ҪȰȰÿ;ˣ緹ˣͲôۣŶֻҲܻһ
һʼһ緹ӣ³Щף
ʱΪеôŶӵķԣÿ˶мӡ̫ܸˣûù³˿ôۡ
˵ôܸɣĶôóԣƾʲôҪǸŶͷҲò
ʲôأռ䣬ͻȻʵûʲôʱġ
ûûʲôռع񣬡ҿ˯ˣΪҪ˯һɣȵģȥú˯һ
ãҲ԰ɡ
ղһϮŶŲסܿһͻȻſӾ˯ˣ˯ᣬԺкһ̾һ¾;ˣ̧ͷһռڷ¡
⸱æµһѾǼˣҵôǿȵͶ£θڱǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǰķʳ
ĳθתֻҪֺúһá
ţռͷԷ£óԣ취
㻹ô༦óˡռЩֺ̫˵Ҳֱʣ£¹ʲôģ
Ŷˣû㽲ֹǵģɣϰҲͦõġ
ʲôʱȥϰأԶԶ
ȥǺԶ߹ȥʮӰɡ˵е㲻ţֲһ䣬ÿͺˡ
󾮳ǲ󣬴ʮӲߵǱˡ
극ȥԡϴ裬緹ڸо˶ġ
ռã㶼۳ˣ˯˯ȥϴ
ռǸܺ˵ˣΨڽϣ˾˵һֻϴ˰ϴϢ
㡭㲻Ϣһ𣿡ʵ
ռҲһ첻ˣҲæһ磬ʰ̯ǶѶ˳Ե棬ǲܵġ
Ȼ˼һСûȫϰߣҲܴ컹˵Լ䣬ҲΪ㲻ھͲ˲ɡ
ʱһ˵ռ
Ҫһ̯յǮԼˣÿٶüһˡ
ã˯ɣռùǮӣ򿪸ӰǮϿʼһ㡣
ûãҲ֪Լ˯˻ǸոԺȥһ£¥´ŵ
һռѾû¥ҲûſҲûӰ
ڳŸʲôȥأҲ֡


31 Nɪ
»ص¥, 򿪵ƣֻտĹӰϣǮѾڿաԿ״򿪹, ֻǮĺӴ򿪡
Ǯͬռã, Ƥһ
Ǯóٶ࣬ԼԤĲ࣬ȥɱ, ôҲһٶĴ룬ϵ߰ʮ顣
ôһ, ÿ, ̯ǧֱӱǧǽҪĽ࣬ϣָͳȥ
еǮˣռ϶ҲѾˣһôǮ֪ʲô뷨
翴, Ϊֻǵ壬Ϊ緹ûЩ, û뵽˯źĳš
Ҳ˯뵽˵õҪףҵԼȥ׼
ȥԣڼóԵ, ȥȫõǼҷ꣬ȻһСӣķ˻ĺóԡ
Ǯ˵Ǯ, ȥˡ
ĿĵũóгΪûб䴢ƷҪ֤ÿĲƷʰȫúܳһʱÿط
ϱӻ˶ʮһζûȥũóгֵطڵطҲͦģϢҲʣܺ޹˼ɵؿۡ
̯Ҫʳģٿϳʲô
ԭϻȥ̯Ǹռ˵Ҫף⸱ҲԲһæµԺٿϰ̯顣
㻹˵̫漰ʳģǰðƷ̯ʱμӹɣԱȽϷݡ
ͺ;Ͳһˣôлˣһ㣬ͣ˯ʱ䣬һ絽Ҫæͷڡ
һˣûлôȫֻͺѾˡ
˵ףʵҲĴͣϱĶǷȱģԿʳĿҲǺܽӵЩ߹г߻ĿĲƷҲֻ뵽ҳˡ
һ˵óԵĻ͵ͬˡ
һȦһ÷⣬Źǣ㣬жͼزˡ
ĹҲһɰ
СĶе࣬һĹﳵԺÿҲǳҪ
ϧӻҲûģҲʱûֶ
˶һֻСӣ̫СʱĶȽ϶࣬װ£ֱҲأɴһСʵı¨
ⱳ¨ӱɵģ˩˫һ˫米ڱϣʡַ㣬̶ȱʳĲѹ
ĶŽ¨ﱳϻؼңû뵽гſռ
˶ܾȣͬʣô
ˣѾˡ
ռ߽гţȻһžģȥ˱ĵط˵㶼һ˵һֻȥȣ㶼ʲô
⣬Źǣ㣬زҲһЩ´ɡ
ãǾ´Ρռ˵ֹ౳¨Ĵӣɡ
ãҲء˵㣬¨ôźʡ̫˵ҲܻҪռôչ
ռ֣ͻȻ˺ռ򣿡
ռתһ²ſкˣҲڼҵ˵Ϣ
ǳͬѧޣҵûټˡѧϰɼ֧ѧר
ްûϳռ
޴һְҵװǰһö£дŹͷ
Ҳȷ˺ü۲ȷ㣬ǺöûˡЦеģԱһ긾Ůֱ۶ռϢˣû뵽ôɣҲϢҲ𣿡
ˣҪȥռһ۽ûݲϢ飬󾮳ֲ޼ռҲԶҲĴ֪
޸ռĿ⿴򽭿־ȵŶǽûϳ˼
Ƕ˶΢ЦЦ˵ͷû˵
ҲſĿЩζŵСҲ˰¨
һڣ˵ý˸ղʲô˼
г˵ĿɶŮˣˣ佭ˣ˲˵¨ֱϡòϡ档
ĿΣ͸¶ͱģд˼Щģ
⣬ռϾЩҲסˣæ˵𣺡䣬ǵûȥˡ
żʱҲ磬ò׼棬¡ռֲţٴο򽭿ŶôŻ᲻أҪȷŵЪţҸռ˵仰
˸һ˵ʴռƤѾе޵ݣû취ӻ˵ذɾͬ˼ҵ˼˵Ϲ˵ذɣһ¨ڽԼۣŶվš
һʶѧʱͲôռѧϰɼ
Ȼô˵뿴ҲԽ֮⻹˵ʲôҲ뱻ĸŮװ䳰ȷôˡ
Уȷŵϰɣеءѱ¨Ӽȡŵϣһ¼
һı¶ţʵС廹̫Ŷ
ʵʵڹڳ||㣬ⲿ˴裬ϵı¨Ͻ˻⣬ôأ
ɰ˱¨ײȻ㣬߲ܱѹ棬ȥȫ߲ˡ
֮˵ǳԵ̫ˣȻΪ֪СֳЦˡ
ռͽֻЦЦûش޽ռ򣺡ϰأææ
˸¹ȥϰֹ࣬ǵġռʵش
Ŷ~ֹǰβϵϳ˼˽˵СɣֵطҪģǮܶҪͶҪ㣬ûбıϣرѹեˣĺء
ǵȻˣ϶ڵĹͷܶ涼ĥ󹤣ʱʱԵõģᱣҲУǿ룬ռȥСȵϣ
ǣҶעġ
ռҲϰ࣬ǰǿѾˣ˱Nɪģʡ
ռʣޱԼ˵ǹͷõ㣬涼ϸ·׺ͣ컹ЩͷˮͷʲôġʲôУԷľ͹ˣþûˣ˵Ե壬ũóгطģҹֲˣȻء
ƶ˼ҳˣǮ˼ҶǴ⣬ǼҳԴҪ˽壬⻰˵ʵڲ
ռﲻζ챿֪ôػòֱֲˣߺˡ
̧ͷ죬ſλ޵̫еɹְѱ¨߲˰ǿһЩְѱ¨Ųű嵲ס⣬еȣƻˡ
˸ĶĿͶ¨ֻǿ߲һ⣬Źǣ㣡
Źǻ٣ĿһģҲָԣСոպãǼǮֳߴ磬һһ⣬أɱǮ
۾ֱˣ˵Ҳˣѽǻˡôණأ


32 ף
ͼ, ˼NɪúЦȴǫ顣
, ˵㣬˲÷Ż׻, ֻܳһһ١ղռ˵һֻĸȥ˵ǼҾˣһҲԲôֻ࣬ˡ
ӶԶ, ɵҲóڷޱҲʾ㻹ǻӣ˼ռҵ, ôණ, Ǵף𣿡
˼ǸҵûǮأôӻŴӣԼлôỨǮ
ǮǴһռӾл, ޵
ôϰࣿʵ
ûʽ
ûʽǡûʽʲôǮ޸벻ͨ, Ҳ̫ţ˼Żôʡ
ҲǮʣҲʲʲôмֵ⣬ռȥϰ, Ǹ˼ϲҲֻ֧ȥ
족ĵ̶, ޸һԽоͱûˣռʲôˣҲȥǸϽȥɣİ滵ˡ
ûϵ²ߣ̫ܿҲȥˣûô׻㶼ءʵڲһЩǡ
´ģһԵСûˣ޸Ͻ˸ڣҪҲθһΣֲһֱĺ٣רŵɽϺԶĵطҵģֹ򵽡
ƽʱгôôѽ
֪Ѿʼͷˣ´ģټ
ĸŮгϱ¨Ҳռһؼҡ
ޱѧʱ˼ռ
רԽеģ˾Ӧõȥ
ţ㷴Ӧ죬ȻҶ֪ʲôռ޵飬˲˵ˣû˼ǲֻ˯һôͳѲ˶ˡ
˯һ;ˣ˯ܾá˯˿ûڼңҾϳԵĲˡ
Ŷռ˶٣ôȥˣ
Ҳ㲻Ҳ˵𣿡Ц
Ҳ˵ˡռѵ鲻
Уһ£ղȥˣô˯ʱ͵͵أ
ȥµλϰ£ʲô£
ʲô£ѵüһأӦǺ¡
ڲϺ綼ҪԵôʱæҸÿܲߣæȥİࡣ
ϣôƴæԼ취ЧʵģûҪӰ칤ÿôȥҲۡ
Ӱ찡ƽʱŬˣҲ˶ʱ䣬˵ϰ嶼ͬˡ
ִ֪֣ⷽûȰļƻ̯Ҳǳ֮ƣô̫á
˵Ҫ㣬Ͳÿϻˡ
ǲðɣÿûͦģҲϧûҲ۵ġ
С
ȻʹǰһյǮ԰̯̬Ⱦ˴ת䡣

ʱռҪҪýЪš
ռҵʱ⼸ʳҲûÿһô죬ŹԣƬ˿Ҳп
컻Ѿôˣβǫã˵˸ףģЪ
Ա߰æҪʲôҡռѾȫĳգ֪Լû뷨ࡣ
һʰɾظˮ֣Źϴп飬۶гɱƬкôн⣬ϴһЩˡ
׷ʼʱһˡ
һǺ⣬ΪռôܳԷ⣬÷⡣
÷Ǽιǿط⣬٣Ａ֬ߣۣǳ廨֮Ĳ֮ѡ
ˮ͹ﳴɫ鳴ɫӵ㽴ͺΣһơ󿪣ɰ
ơƿϡܶ˺Ȳߣĺ٣Ϊġڽ֮ǰûΪ˳ʷ̨
ڶǴŹǣŹˮðϾƽʹ׺ˮ֭ﳴɫŹǳɫ뽪⳴㣬ټõ֭С
ȣ뽪Ƭƣ뿪ˮ
ĵɢˮκͣȣŹ
ÿռ򶼿þ첻ѣЩҪǺһķ֣ЩСĳʦᣬҲ֪ôôôѧƵġ
ʵ⼸ϡ棬ִֻ󾮳طʵڲô
оͻȻͿһرиоӦûܺóԡ
϶ģžͺóԣռѾȲ̫ˡ
˸ڹ﷢ཹཱུðһ׽֣оԺﶼҸС
ʱ򣬼˵ʱҲˡ
۶˼ӣһϴлټӵͺͽͣǴŹ֥飬һڲϣ˴Ρ
ǴŹǺ̰׵֭Ũۻÿһɢ˵޷ܡ
ռȥʢ˵üҪ߸裬~
һˣ¯ȳͱ˵һˣ塣
塱ְռ֣鲻ԽЦһظһ飬ٺ٣塣
ôһЦ޵ʱ˵ĻͷԶҪȥ˽壬ҲͦԺԣҲزˡ
˹ֱ֡
ٷʢòڴͣ˹ǻûôʢζõû
ռҲپ³ʲôˣöˣôóԵķ˵ˣŵ˵󾮳ӦҲڶ
ˣ׼̯㣬˯
㲻Ҳ𣿡ıһǴѾʱˣںԼ״˵ûû⣬ҪǾóԲ϶ģ㲻ʲôҲˡ
Ҳ࣬Ҿǵġ̫ˣռټôʱֹѡãҲӲţʲô͵øҡ
ҲԭǰʲôŻ˵ġ
ûôĹϱû裬ϵֻ֪ǮЩһ̽յѣҲչ˱˶һ㡣
ÿ챻ôģЩʵҪ˵˭ռļʱɸ߶ˡ
¿϶˵㡭ϣ࿼ǿԼô˵ҲǸˣ˾ӦóеԼΣӦ
ռۿе죬ЩѹܴԼ˺ܶ飬üζڱء
δֹ˽ԸΪˣҲͦңôÿ컹Ҫĸۺá
ͬûһ콭˵ֻⷬϣܱһЩȻ˺úùӾУ۵ûϵ
콭ͻȻܴ󱬷һôǮоѾԤڣЩʵȻܸҲġ
ĸŮֲϣԼܹΪأŽһǸ̸ǶʱĸоʱҲ
ԣʱҪаȫкܴܶ࣬䲻һͺŶŲæͶԹƵ޻ɫ
֪ôͻȻͱôˣõһݵΣһѾͻػʵ
ͷǿŲ֪ôشĻ


33 ƷƼ
ڶ, ռһ׼͡
ǵڶ׼ͣ˶úܽ, һ
ռһϰ࣬һš
̯һƳȥ, պбռҵĴŴ򿪣պͺ´߳
ռôŹֵĶպͺº⣬ͣסŲ˺üۡ
պͶƲ˶λ, ý񾭲Ƶļֱûʼеͬˡ
ʲôպʺ¡
֪Ҳһμ, ̯ġ±߿ߵ, ϴοһú¯һڼſڰ̯ڻô
ѹû̯ԭ˹ȥ˰ɡ
Ӧǣ㿴˺üڹأԭһڹá
ǻΪ̯ܷأһӸộЦˡϴһڹʱҺЩ, Ϊжٶ
ϻغ¸պ˵̯һٿ飬պ컹Ʋһ, ǳû̯ûٱЦպҲĺá
˵֪ߵغΪ, ⲻֻ֪һξͱʵˡû뵽Ӵ˼Ĺģ
պȻŽռǮվԭ뿴ôˡ
û뵽ǲûͣڼſڰ̯, һؽˡ
ҪȥģպϺ£ϽǰĽռ򣬡ǿȥ
˹ԶԶڽռ棬һֱ̯λáǰ潭ͣ£ҲͣԶԶؿ˵ͦλã󡣡
ôպƶʲôϵ
˭֪̯ûȫͣ£վڽֱߵһȺΧȥ׷ǮĹǮǮ߸
˶Խˣǵһˡ
ǽ첢ûţֻ⼸Ϊ˲ųӣ磬ǵʱ򽭿ռŻûš
˼üλõˣʾǸ⣬
պͺ»䣬һĻֱɵˣĿɿڴһʱ˵
аɣһ⼸ˣû򽭿ͣպڴ˿û򰡡
ǣҪһЩԼǽ磬ڻûҳʱ򣬵Ҳϣ⼸ֻǽУͬʱҲֻ˳պ˵ǻͦ취֪лǮܲ
˰ɣʲôأպԼ󵱳ģֻصЦ̬Ϊôأ̫档
Ȼ̫죬žͼ½ǰˣЩ˶ѾϤᳵ·ǮǮܿӽӹͣ߳Ա߿ˡ
պŵʿˮƺĲ̫һ
͵һֲۣˣϽҪߣ߰ɣûʲôͷˣٿȥҲǿЦ̫˵Ҫǡ
ϹҿɲϹպ֪ٿȥżϻƫƫƢ󣬷Ҫſߣҽ쵹Ҫж˻ҾͲ׼ôණ̫꣬Լˣ
һμĳӻӡںԺе㵣ٿȥպҪߣٴˣûʲôÿˣȻһϰٵ˲ֵá
Ҫߣٵһôˣ㲻ǻӳҲ³ٵ
ֻ㡣
ռæһʱȥϰȥˣһߣûպǡ
պƣôˣҪȥѵȥ㣿
Բ̫죬¶û˼·ˣȥҿ촩ò̯ģ˵б顣
ʲôպ컹ԼС
ĳԲ˵ȫͻպܹķΧʼҲûȥ͡ռպѪѹߣʹȥ
ôĶôó𣿰̯Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ҪȥҸ˰վλеԶŲǱߵֻǵϴŵͦģ볢
ãΪʲôҪ㲻ЩΪñˡպȥϰˣ߰ɣҲ̯ҩҲæ
ͷеңĸĽ࣬۰ɣ
жۣպ쿴۾һ費ҲһڣԵĲͦóԵ𡣡
ҲԸС
°ȥԱԱ£Ǯܲ᲻ɣ
šҲСº뷴һ䣬ող˵ǮôֱǮˣҡ
һ죬պϻػ⣬˵²쵼ϰٵ˻֪λ˺Žģû˵䲻ǡ
ִǳļŶûҲ硣
췹ԱȺһǼȲҲ˵վһ߶̯ϲѧƵġ
Ȼúܿ죬ؼҺһǮϷһ
鶼ԼԤϷչ˲ϸˣǮպãһЩǮͣȥ׼͡
ʱռҪŲͳŵʱˣ˵һ͡
Ūݷȳȥ̯ȻһռûʱԷ绹ϰࡣ
˰æռĵľŶңٳǰԽҪҪ׼ʲôŶѾ֪϶ñİ취ҵġ
û£ûҹҲ첻£Ҫǻ֣ô˶æҲ
һأ˾Ǹå˵׼ģб޻Ǻ¡ռȻģ˵ǵ̯췹½ͦģ˶ô׵ͷˡ
ûӦûȡİ취Ա֪ʲô⡣
͵ѧհɣ漦
ЩƷѣһѧͻᣬռ򲻵ò
ûϵѧˣ̫⣬һ᲻ϸ²˵ôѧҲֻܸ磬ͬĶһǸԸǵġ
еҪȷʵ¡ռʾͬʱҲҪƳ³Ҳͦѵġ
ʱѹ󣬡ﻹкܶأѧѧ

żŶûٳ֣췹궼ûȥֻһ˸ףżԱӴĿˣ̯ĵԱҲһ춼ûϹ
ÿ̯˳ǰ漸ÿ춼ӣ濪ʼȶÿͼٶ顣
ռҡҪҲһȫͶ뵽ԵϣЩ룬԰ͼϣͻӿɹۡ
ȻֻʱģһͻȻͲˣײҸְһҲÿϰ࣬ｭæ
ʱŹʮ죬Ȼ췹ڿʼжˡ
һһ磬հ̯ںã췹ĵԱͰƣһڵſڣһֱӰڵ̯ԣרŴӡ˷Ĳ˵
һЩƷȫǸѧģΨһֻм۸һ㡣
ıͲ󣬴췹ĳɱﻹ棬ҲͲ˶٣ԺԲƣ۸죬˵ζһЩ
ŶǱʮڿüһվڵſߺ͡
ƷƼƷƼǱ߽ϰڵĺóԻˣ߹·Ҫ˰


34 ̯ȳ
췹İ취, Ŷụ̂˻᳴Ҳʣ»᷸ˡ
Ŷʱû֣ӦþǱڼǱоͬʳ, ÿԱｭߵϢ
ʵ컹ȥΪоһζ, Ҳĵġ
ȻҲÿէһͦô£Щֽ֧ĿһΪһѺ
Ͼ̯С̯λǲܸʵ澺, 췹궼ôˣ̯ʮ죬ʵԲ, οڴ췹۸񻹱͡
ڽְ취ʵ̫С, Ȼ꣬ȴθչȫûⷽľ顣
ϱѾѧˣƾںӲЩĿȾҲóǺõĻС
ô죿ռöԷѾôս, ԼôҲӦ
ֱѡӣԼ, ЦЦ˵ùǣǲӰ졣
Ŷ֮ǰڽ֣ѾԼֵĹˣ˭Ըȥҵѣ
˵ҶԽĶѾǳ, ˭Ը³һ췹겻ȷƷʵ²Ʒأ
ϣ͵ȻһڽŶӡ
Ŷһʼͦڱص, ʮûʲôЧҲйԱСˣƵҲˡ
ЩԼôŬǱоôãΪ˸ζͼ۵ͣˣȴ飡
ӣ
ڵ⿴ţٳղЧҲ취УôȥŶҪͷɴԼ
һһãɱŶ߶ˣȻƢҲǺܺãЩҲûʲô۶ӣ˵ܸѣٸͨûġ
ЩӽŶ̫½˴췹ꡣ
ŶһϣˣҪʼ˵ꡣ
ٽĳڵſͣǳǼǵˣû˽ˣջ΢
ʱ췹Ȼʹ취ȻԼѾû˵ֻǰƻõģܵԡ
֪ͬԽĵһ취ôʧܡ
ռһûãıŵһ£û뵽Щ˻֧ͦǵġ
Ƕٻ˼˹ȥ
ǰ֪Ժ᲻ԽԽ˱ߣ緹ǼұëǮһءռ޵ǵҪҪҲ۸񣿡
ȥԺ˭׬Ǯ
֪۸սûʲôôһû󣬾ֻܽͲƷƷ׬Ǯ˺ԼͿͻҼ۸һȥǻˮƽ͸ˣ˻ĺڡ
Ǿһֱʱ䳤˻ԽԽ١
ƷʣÿһͶϣĶ⣬мĶӼҪôҾرֵ
ܶƲƷģһɵƷʣڼ۸ϱƷ߳һÿͻûһǮҲֵ
ʳߵƷʲֹһɣ۸ȴ䣬ľЧ϶ԣҳɱҲû߶٣ÿ׬һ㲻Ӱ֡
ŶҶˣ취ãռҲǴˣһͨ۾ͼӼ
ڶǾ͸ÿһƷҪͺͻĶ񫣬ǳԵø㡣
֮£췹ɽկǵĶ۸ֻһ㣬ȴྶͥ˵˶óԿ
Ŷ˼⣬ĶͬĶΪʲôԼҵļ۸ͻ˼ҵĺأ
˵ԵҲ˵ͨôһߵĶǰɣԸѴһҪˣ˵첻һЩǼôǱȥأ
ǸϵǣŪԭ򣬽Ѿ׼²ˡ
ĶٺóԣҲ壬Ѿµʱ䣬˸øµʱˡ
ó˵ÿ춼м¼ÿСԵûмֻ棬ͼͼļļǵΣȫһĿȻ
ƻÿθƷ컻һΡ滻
µҲ̭ȴʵʱֿϼܡ
һθ²Ʒ˹͵ʱڣк;²˼ǳϺܷḻרŵ˿ɿڵĽϡ
ʳҲѾҵķһѾƷԥ˳ԣأֻһھְˡ
ÿƷƳʳǲԵÿģʼֵ·𽭿̯λѾ˴󾮳Ʋꡣ
пնһģý棬ͦţ˵ÿ˸ΣôŻóԵĳ
ŶֻõùҲûĸˣɽկҲûϣһͻûѧأͻˣô
ֻܻعǰҵóʲôʲôٻЩˮͷԸˣһҲû취ܱûǿ
Ȼɵķδµķȴֲڶ
˭Ҳû뵽ǼҷطһӶ̯⣬Ǹϰ˽̯ӣûһ
պͺ»˵ַͺ³𷼣긾Ů˵̯ǮܿͶġ
Ҫ˵ԵģСô˰뱲ӷĸŮǮÿüʮҪǳÿϰٿ鰡
˵ɾ͸ɣҪЩʲôҲú¸˸԰̯Ķڿϰ࣬ϾɶŪպ«ưܿҲѧŽŪ̯
Ŷ಻ԣÿԷĿѾʣ޼һңǻʲô⣿
ǰûеԱأȴôȻˣ˵ҲѾû¿
ַ³һڣа壬ǡ
λҲͻЩҳũҲˣЩʽֻʺڵ̨ϴգ̯Сζܶ࣬ҲЩϰԿ͡
ͷһ⵽شĲ˲٣ȫҲûԼȥҲԲ꣬Ļĵصľֻܵˡ
ɰŶֻˣϼһΪһŪǮأ
ַ³𷼲ģڶҲѧˣôŪģһЩǸ
ô죿ǻһŵ㣬ѧѧ췹ÿ춼ЩˣǱıĿ꣬ת췹ꡣ
˲̫ʺϰ̯ǾͷӣߣЩ췹еþ
ϣǼ۸һ㣬ܰѴ췹ĿһС롣
ַ³ҲȥһЩϸǸǮֻǰѴ췹ر𷳡
Ŷһ޿̣˵ƣ׼ҪѵһˣҲ˲Ϲλ긾Ůǲǳ
һ콭ռűƽʱ˼ӣ̯ûƵطȿǱΧһȺˣȺм˺ѷεؿ޺춼ˡ
ǳʲôˣռȿڵ


35 ҷɡ
ռ˽̯ں, Ⱥ󺰴еַ³𷼡
ַȥ˵ɱҲΪ³𷼴֮, һֱֲ֪˭
ߴߴ˭˭кһһá
ռһ, Ŷܲµʲô
Ǵˣռ
Ӧǡ
ϵ˶ǱΧۣʱû緹վҲȺǱ߿춼ˣ֪Ǵܴжס
ΧȺ˷, ߺռȹˣ
ѯ, һ仰, ҲŤͷʵǼǰɣһ£һһˣȰҽԺͷҪ¼
ҡ
ռЩ, ǾͺˣܺҲ˵ȥ, ô˵ҲĸףĿ֮¡
ѾٸҪҽԺ¼Ҫϰ, ɵ𣬺οȥ˵Ǽַһء
Ѿּˡ
ּ˲ҲǼһ¡
ȥû, עⰲȫʲôʵشͺˡ
š
ռͷ߹ȥ˻λøõȺ档
һۿַڵϣ󺰴ֵֿģ³һ߷긾ŮǰվŶŴһԲģۻһɱ
ַ³˶ǱףŶֱҲкץۣҲ֪Ǹ˴һܡ
ռɨһ۵ϺŶϣûʲô|֮ģȻַѾһˣҪλôҲŶһ㣬ʵôôڣ˶ˡ
Լˤģҵ¡Ŷϡ
㲻ˤ𣿡³ŭ㿴㻹Ƶˤɹۣ
ǲץ𣿡һһɾѾƣƽʱôŰ裬˿̿óЩˣ˵û

ռߵȺʱ򣬽Ҳûٴ̯ԣ̯ԭأܵռſڣ顱š
˭ʲôãպ׼ȥϰּ࣬٣ͷʡ
ţ
ǳ⿪ģպǽһ߿ҪǽվԶҪҵŸʲôģ
豻˴ˣڴ췹ſڡ
ˡպһü˲ת˸䣬ǲǱǴģ
Ŷ
֣պЩΪʲôҪ
Լȥ
أûˣ
˵ˡ
ǡպתܣܱߺպƽ֣豻˴ˣȥ
˴ˣպƽҲЩţ˭ˣİ
á˸˵պֶᣬպƽԼֱˣϰȥˡ
ȥպƽæֽȥЬֻ˫ϡ
ȥˣϰ಻ܳٵպһˡ
۾ַϲĹŮ
պƽܿ컻Ьܳû뵽ǽһ²ʣô£
췹꣬Լȥ
˵תߣҪǲռװװæԼ飬Ų֪ͨǡ
պƽʼ䣬ѾֻܿԶȥıӰˣϽϴǰ췹ꡣ
ȻصֳռȺպƽһˣ㲻ùˡ
ãռ˿ﻹܲζŶֿ湻صģƽҲܰ˸ˤۡ
һͷţ˾ƽʱ󡣡
ǰʱ̯λǰǼ˶ûܰסַ³𷼸Ҹ˴Բ
øԸԸһ˻УԸŶǾֿԣŲῴŮ˵ķ顣
ռû˵ĬĬһص̯ԡ
ҶҪϰѧΧ۵ɢȥ½˹緹
鵢飬ռҲȥϰˣʽһæù𣿡
û⣬ȥɣ·СЩ
Ҳעⰲȫռ߳ԥһתҪ緹»æ
İɣͲٻˡóѾַ۵Ӱ쵽飬ЩĲɣ˵㲻̫࣬ûϵ
֪

ʱռȻûһ׼ʱŽ緹֮һŻ
ԺǱˣôȥ۰ռͷ߳һ㱡Ż˵ģָֽúܺãѾȫæùˡ
ռûĻֱ˵ȥ
ʣȥַȥˡŶһˡ
ô˵Ҳ裬ռʲô̬᲻ˣֻȥһ۾ˡ
ţô·ЪҪȰѷˡ
ַ͵ǼסԺ벻ԶǴռϰĵطȥٻе·Ҫƽʱ֮һ·̡
󾮳ڻûйָֻ͵СֳշѲˣռ򲻻ûǮ
û£Ҳۡռ˲վ̯ǰæ
극ص˲ŴҴҳ緹ͻȻʣպȥַ𣿡
ǰֱӳƺպƽһõ֣ûáá衱ĳƺԱռǼ˵̬ȡ
ͻȻ⣬ζҲԲռ˶٣ҡҡͷôָȥʱԹأµȥˡ
Ŷȥ˵ʱţ˵ϰٵźպƽȥַ
Сͺܲ񻰡
ַպƽʲô̬أôϳţ㻹ǰȥôҲø˵лĻɡ
̵ζԲռͷϷ̣ʵҲԼΪʲôҪȥַϡͿȥˡ
ѿ罭˵ַûжм㣬ûۿһۡ
Ҳ׽飬ڶռҺͽҶһİһԽ˹Ͷ۷Ҳֱ
룬ʵҲȥַɣҪ˵ҲֻһϾǡ
ԣϾҲŮأΪʲô
˵ˡռˣ֪㲻ˣҲֻ￴һۣҲûʲôԺȥˡ
ûвˣֻ㲻ֵ
ռͷݲݰʣµķˣûθټӷƽʱٳһ롣
Ҳѷ£ԼĻ˵˵㣬һỵ̂е㲻
ڻǾʮռǸˣĹҲ
νô˵ҲǸĸݡô˵ҲѪŨˮЩ˼رձ飬˵ı֮һҲҪ˭һ˵衣
˻ҲǶֻϣǻʣģѺĵ¿ηξͺá
֪ܻԼɡ
ԶȥַûۿԼһۣռٴθе˺ģ˿Ҳͦڡ
ʱֻһպƽˣպƽҲǲ䲻ȣ˵һ䣺˻ôסԺ¡
ûڲƬ̣ת뿪ˣַųſڷ˸ۣС֮ĵضպƽͺʵģǸ꣬ޣҲûãصңûţ
˵ˣռӲˣ˸⣬ҴҸ棬ԺҲٰ̯ˣȥҿ°ٸ
棿еͻȻռȫû׼Ѷɣ


36 
̯, ѾǧǮ
һСһֻҪңˮȿһҲٿǮ
Ҫת÷, ǵǮҲӦûʣװ޺ð豸
˽, ò๻кʵĵطһһֱ̯
˵˻Ҫ㿴ģҪ¸³˹, ٿ顣
ѾûʲôˣżԿ˵ȥ
ǲУ˵Ǯȥġ⼸ռĵ, ûκء
ȥûкʵ, ҲͻǰҲһӾҵ
˯ȥ
⸱ҲԽԽˣôƣͷЩ˶ӦûԽԽá
һ㲻, ռһţŸҲš뵽, ɻг
סԺʯӣÿʯм䶼һڴĶǰ˼ľͷӴɹġ
ʯӶûˣ˻Ժ, Ϊʪ滹̦
Ӳʯϣٴһ, 򵥵ĵܣϡ
ľͷĶھɻгܺңܿҵ˺ʵľͷһӡ
ľͷӣ̯ӷֱһףպÿ԰ֱ۴ֵӴȥӾǸܡ
˿һܺе˷ѣмöӰͬ߶ȺͷϼʮֳľʺϲͬߵѹȻʲôġ
ľͷЩأԼܳгרŸ˰˶ĿǮˣǮ˸˰￸ؼҡ
Ҫ뿪ɻгַľƷ̯һѾĩңΪ˿ͳӹĩѾ׶ߡ
ϱӻķḻʹó͵ȡģȥгֻ޲̯ҪЩĩңװһӡ
ʲôã̯ʡ
˫ȭ˸ȭƣɳʹȭ
湻еġ̯һ±Цʱƽʱɻ͹۵ˣ˶ҪרװɳȭֻаƬˣиβϲĵЩ
ɳѹʵһǮð˹ȥĩԱ߻һЩʯӣһҲҪ
ЩҲûҪ˰ɣŪߡ̯
̯ٴαʾ죬ȥȭ³ԲɣɰҲôġûҪˣҪ߰ɡ
ҪֻϴӣʯҲˣ·гʱֻСĲӡ
ȥ֮󽫵װãٰһӾĩ˩ϣڵܵһࡣ
ֻСһֻװһʯӣһľͷ͵ˡ
ȫúһ¡
ȵͦʹװļľѹҲܺʣԺ˵Ҫȥܲ경Ϳ졣
ɳָкܲĩװ޲һҲ֣ǲһȭףֿȭֻܶע
岻֪м֣ܳҲʺڵı
ʱܶ˶ûнϰߣʵҪ˶һҲֻǴܲڴ󾮳רҵĽĵͺ٣֪УҼ۸϶Ҳ͡
ƵĽֻܹ˲ʮǮ⡣
ų棬̯ȻѡȻ۸ҲȱĵطߣҲֵõġ
Ҫڰ̯ĸŴ췹òˣĿ˶ϰλԵġ
һȦľҵһҪת档
ֻڰ̯һһССźֻҪϾͻܱ֤Ŵ췹ҲԶһЩǷǣҲǺ¡
һװĵ꣬¿һطܱʵﲻ̫ʺװҲѹҪתá
߽ȿһſڵתʾˣϰɣ
Ҫת⣬ѾûĵǸԴŮˡ
ǰ˼ʱרſתʾһôʣһҲ⣬𣿡
˽һ顣
Ϊڽֵһͷ̯£λ֪Цϰ̯ͦǮģôҪĿŵˡ
ǰ˽һ£̯Ҳܲܰһӣ߰Ҳ࣬ŵЩӦһ䣬ʵңô棬תʲôۣ
ٺ٣˽һأҿ⡣ЦҲģʵ٣ǷҪۣ˼һֲԸ٣ػǧת÷ѡ
ϴ󲿷Դһ㣬Щ潭˽ңһͶһ٣ʵЩ
ǧתѣ˵𣬸ҲӹۣѾûнʵ̸еıҪˡ
û¶κα飬ʵ￪Ĺ۲죬طʺʲô
ʲôʺϣſڿʼ꣬ضҸ˵ʲô׬ǮװĿɺˣҪҪϼңҿ᲻תãҲȫû⣬úܣæ
һȦʱһ˶ûУȫνġõúܡЦЦȷʵȽϴġ
ҿ飬ЩΣڰϰʱ䣬٣ҪǳԷϢ˿ɶˡ
ҲǱ̯֪߰רֻֿ
ʱת÷ѻûܸߵĵزһҪǧת÷ѣԿ˵ʨӴ󿪿ڣ·ûǮָת÷һʧ
أ˵Ҳƭ㣬˵ĶʵģҪ⣬һԸ˵˵ܸܲһ㡣
ôɿˣۺת÷Ѷ˺˵ġ
УҿǿǣҪ㡣
ͷ棬ֱַԱһǰһֵ
һֵ浹У۸ҲļֵǼס֣Ҳųˡ
ס֣ĻǼԱǸ·ڸ
λֵҪ·ڴȥҲֱӵ֣㹻óԣӦҲ᲻߶ôһС·
Ȼѡ񣬵ҲԿǣϧɣûҪġ
ûҵʵ棬ֻȻؼңԼǰͻȻͣ½Ų
ؿ˺һԼٽǽ
Ǽҵķӱ˼ҵķӼм䣬ȥоر𼷣ٽǽĿҲףȫ棬֪Ƿӵô泯棬ֻһֵͨΪǸԺӵԣ
ԽԽطϧˣֱ֮ǰֻԺҪҸúסһ㣬Ȼû뵽档
뵽ˣ󲽽ݣò˵ٽǽϴõʱֻ棬͵ðѷΧǽ
ûû⣬Բ𣬼ʹǽгأҲһҪǮˣרҵŶ˼һɡ
ǻøռϣͬ⡣
ռ׼ʱ°ȥܲһžͶԽҴһϢ


37 
ʲôϢռ
ǰռβס, ҪȰµģϰǰԤ֧ˡ
Ϊʲôǰأ
Ҳû뵽ϰ֪ǼҵͻȻǷǮ, ˵ҪԤ֧µĹʡ
ûǰ̯ǧ𣿡Ц
ĺ˼Ǯ͵˵, ǲ԰𣿡
ϰͦϲԱġ
ҲΪұֲռѸշĹóеڽǰ԰ڵ˼ ʮ齱, ɣ
ܸɡȻʮ齱һҲһʮǮǰ̯ٲ, Ҳɨ, ǮǮ٣Ӧöϲϰ칤ʵĸоܶ˵뷨һһʽĹǲ㴴˼İװʽ, 㷢𣿡
ǰϣ¸½ٶ㡣
, Եġÿ˰æ°ؼһʾ֭빤ϵ飬ŬҲ̫ˡ
ˣࡣռع, ʽ˵ȥ棬кʵǰ˹, ҵĹʸ㿴ҪкʵҲ֧ġ
У滹þͬ⡣
ʲô˼ռ򲻽⣬úʾͿˣҸоڱҶЩ
ǼֱӸĳ档
Ǽңռһ£һȦӣôģסأ
ĳɼסܵӡ
øİɣûת𣿡
ռԽṹ֪Ϊ㣬Ҳֻ֪һĶҪǵСӸĳ棬ֱӲǽ¡
ǵķӱСôĻûסˣһĵǣһǽһ¥ô죿
ڽһңϰʨӴ󿪿ڣ۸̫ߣʡҲǻʱŷʣ𡣡
ô𣿻᲻Σգ
ȻúȥרҵԹΣա
Уöе࣬ΪҪԼҿɲġռͬ⣬˵ʱҲ뿿׵ˣò̫ҲΣա
һġ
ֽͱʣ滭˸巽
һ㻮ֳһΪ棬ΪֻСԣúܴٽλǽĿȣһ׶ƽס
ﻹʣʮƽмʮƽ򵱲Ϳ滮ֳƽ׵
߿ԺӵǽҪһ󴰻ɹ⡣
еǵȻԺʱҲñ棬ȽϷ㡣
ķָһ䣬һñ䣬ٽֵǽҲһ
úռ򿴣˺һſףôôӣ¸ǷҲˡ
ЦôţӶû»ֳɼѡ
ռŲͼϸһ飬ʵڸԼȫһϸҲˡ
Ϊһ㵱棬䣬һĲͼһ滹вͳҲñ䡣
ͻȻҲԸķӳڴǸое㲻ʵʽĶ̫ˣǮɣҪŪ棬ԺŪ
ĲŷٸԤ͹ȥ˵Ĳ֡
˵þһԤٿҵ뷨ǼȻһãȻԺ鷳Ԥ治档
УǾͰ㻭ɣرãĺöˡúܳʱ䣬סȥأס磿
ֻʱͽˣҪȫôҲðϣʩʱҲܻס档
ֻˣȿ˷һ¡ȷȥ硣
󾮳ȥһ켸ǮʹסһҲһٶ࣬ڻס
ʵǮһҲסöˣռЦʲôÿ˷ģ粻Ǳȼסˣ
ҲǡҲЦЦֻЦһ˿Ц̫ˣϱסִֻиķҲð
ͦģԼҵС磬˾ģεĸ췽һҪȫɣ뾡취ҲҪסյСֿ⡣
֮ǰȥҽԺ壬ȻҪϺܳʱ䡣ݸ㽣ռҲʱ̲Ҫ
ĶҵҲ֪Ľռûأֻͬ⣬ãȥҪϰͲˣԼȥС
ȥˣû뵽ռָ⣬ȥҽԺҽҲˣٿǮ㿴ˣǰûǮ˵ȥ
ҽҲҵëӦǴ´ġ
Լ⸱оûʲôëȥֻΪռܹģԿ϶ԸѡǮٵ
ҽԺ󾮳õҽԺҽˮƽߣҽԺӲʩҲȽȻҲߺܶࡣ
һ㶼ǿСëСӦʱЩֻڴ󲿷˼ޣҲ٣ʱҽԺִҽԺҪӵ
УȥҽԺռֵԺҪ꣬ܶ࣬ҪҲߣǾ͵úúüһ飬Ҫ岻ǾͲˡ
һҪҽ˵һҪϢĻҵҪǳ̫ˣûôأȥҽԺҲԣԼȥ
ֻϣռȥ״ҽ϶˵עעǸֽ˵Ҫгʮ
Ҹȥһȥϰ٣ͬġ
۹ʰɣûҪһѹûУȥҽԺ𡣡
۹ʣϰûô١ȥƭңҲ˵ûµģҲȥ
ԼЩʲôµˣѾûȥıҪҲϲûꡣ
ٲ۹ʣϰﻹͦġ
ǵȻҲ̫£Ӧòˡ
ڶ糿Ȼȥ̯ռƽʱһСʱȥ١͵ʱҲ˼ٻˡ
ʰþͳţҽԺߡ
ҽԺķֹ෴ҲԶ·ʮӡ
󾮳ǽֵϵʯ岻̫ƽʯ֮仹мз죬Ǻܺ·ǰʱ˺ܾõ꣬еĵط̦еĵطˮҲûɣġ
ռѾǽߵĵʮӵ·ˣǲܵġ
ԼûʲôȴܣӴڣĵһָоԼռ
ô˿Ҫһͺˣˣô·
˵ﻹûһγżĳǶһ㷫ľɫϿգҲǸλĹҳһλһֻλС
࣬ϰô

ҽԺ˲࣬Ҳûרŵ첿ţռŽҽֿҽ
״ҽԺܼĶһ飬ëҲ˵һѡ
ڽԤϵĲ࣬ûдëеë׻ǴСûãҪڵӪߵֿ
ҽҽҩҽֱӿһµҩӣҪÿ춼úҩ
ºҩֳֿɬռҺôĲҩ巴ÿ£ռҩͲҪ˰ɣÿôҪӰԷθڡ
ռͬ⣬ҽ˵ʳθأ϶ǰȵõġ
ǰûպƽַַʱռҲٷְȷҽԺҽҪˮƽ߳ö౶ˣҲպƽĲҩǺõģҽ
һе㳤Ⱥʮ԰ɡһҩе㷴θòּۻۡ
°ɣռ¶ݣڿòºЧҩ
áðѾǼˣʱ϶ȫˡ
á
겡ҩʱѾ磬ˡ
㵽̯ĵط˽һ£ôÿˣͻȻˣеԲˡ
Ҫռ˵պʱ·һС̵꣬ռͻȻڹ̨ǰͣ½ŲǮһǡ
ȥһ̵ˮǣﲻǵռǲϲǣΪޣҲûôǹʵͻȻˣ
ռشһȫĴ𰸣ġ


38 ݸ
ΪԼ, ϱӻԭСû˸ǺĹҲûֳԼϲ, οڶѾʮˡ
ҳԵģΪʲôǳԣ
㲻Ǻºҩ׼һǣÿκҩһǾͲˡռˮǵݸ˵, ǰûּҵʱģʱҰ˵ĲܳǣԾһֱû򡣡
㲻˵Ļˣһ˸ǣȻС, ҲеģЦŽӹǰǣлл㡣
ʹҽ, ҽҽ˵Գǵġռ򽭿, ¶һ˿Ǹ⣬ҲȷҰֵʱǲǹⲻҸ򡣡
ˣʱռʴ򽭿Щɿڣܲܳġʱֻϸ, ڲ֪ԭ
û£áպƽ˵Ļֲֹ, ôˣο˵˵ֲСˣҪźҩ
ҩʱСӰɡ
á
ͻȻһֵĸоԺֳ︡һ, ·ԼͻȻص͡
ԱߵռҲڵģǸͬڼСŮҲǺ, ȴҪԼˡ
ǶСӣһǡ
ռһۣ΢΢ͷЦЦһ̫·˺üҽԺ¥ݣеȣе졣
ҲŲСӣֲҩ
صңռ緹ֽд˼֣˵緹̯ߵ̯ĵص㣬ֽ忿ڽֱߵ̨ϣ˸ʯͷѹűⱻ紵ߡ
ԭվһŸ򷹵׿˵һ£˲Կֽϵ˵ԴǿõϢ
һ첻̯ʳ˵ʲô£緹ｫͶԡ
ҲΪ̬ȣôҸϿ
ȻҲ˾С渺϶мӡ
ճ˴¼Ŷַ³֮ľ׻ڰ췹ҲͣҵȻ̯Ŷ֪öˡ
صҵʱռѾѽȵҩˣﶼҩζ緹ζסˣֻǿԼȥǰˮǣθźܵ㡣
緹ǰռļලº˵һҩ˵һǡ
ҩպƽŪĲҩúһ㣬ˮѹζǰɵöࡣ

һ磬ȥݸ顣
ʱƷչúܳ죬㵽϶ҵݸװ޵̼ҡ
ڽЩҵΧûôһҪӸָӻǳл̼Ҳ࣬Ǻܺҡ
Ҳǳϸü˴źòҵһС͹̵ĵꡣ
˴˷ӣָǿԼĴ²ͼשķӽṹ򵥣ѶȲĵطʵֻ֣ҪǮλʩܸá
ϵʽޣ˼̸ȰĺãʣµװȽʵڲлԼװޣԺǮװҲ١
ʩĸһϸ췽ߴ綼дֽϣҪٽĺ͹ʱҲȷȫá
һˢһˮ࣬͵һǧǮһ¾Ҫ֮һʽ
㶼̶ˣˢǽשʩ˽ͷˣЩСͷˡ
۸˵
һ»һǮپʽѹ󣬺ܶطҪǮôȥ϶
̵ذששʣµÿǽҲ÷ˢһ飬ȫֵСһǧ
Ȼ¾ǧ飬Ҳô͵ġ
ϸ£ˢǽãשʹשЩ󾮳ﻹ򵽣ʹԼŪҲֻܸʩ̼򣬶βŪãԺŪ鷳
ֻʣµЩװŪЩǮٶڼ̯
ҧҧ¶ļȻһ꣬㿪ʼ˿ۡ
һʼԷֻԸŻһˢǽǮˢǽҲͼʮǮŻݲʹûá
̸̸ȥּʩǮһŻٿ顣
ȫ֧ǧǮԼʽȽһֶʣµĵȹ̽Ӻ֧
ˣҪš
ϴȥ̯ʱɻгڵĽϣһӹĵꡣ
ʳĳ߱Ƚ⣬ֳɵģҲԼϣǰ׼ã˾ܰѳ߰װȥ
ӹ廨ʲôӼӺ͸ֹߵȣҲȫģв֡
ϰ岻ǺæѽСֵʲô
ۺԳ̨Ҹ㻭ͼɡ
ʲôϰӹƣû˵Ķ̨ҲͰˣۺԣôۺϷ
һͼһסԼֽͱʣóͿʼ
ʵ̯̯ֻ࣬ҪװҪһЩʽҲҪۣͬʱҪ̯ĻһЩĹܣұ̯ʹ
̯Ҫͬʱżڹ滹мЩ򻯣һ棬ɼɳʵá
ֱŪķĹһһڹըһڹ
һͷԤһ¯ӵλãʹãԺҪҲҲطеĹҪһڹҲ䡣
ըһԤ¯ӣһĲ֣һ̿̿¯
¾ǿ԰ڷʳĺͲ;ߵƷܣһ໹ҪòĶᱻҳŪ࣬Ҳʱü
ϰȫ̿ŽÿһʲôüͷԽԽֱģ
ȻҲֻܿţ˵ۺԳ̨
ǰȥԵġ
ñʼָÿһָһ飬ô£Եôôӣһ̨ӣҲͦŹֵġ
ΪҪͬʱֺóԵģùŹ֣˵㶼ϲ
Ҳϲϲôʲôϰýֵֹģҡҡͷһ³ߴɣⶫҲûÿֶ೤㶼øһϸ
ڽ̨㸴ӣҪȷ˳֣漰̿ÿľ̿ȼְȡȡ̿𷽱㣬ÿԺҲϴ
ϰͬҪϸƳһϸͼ
ǼĿȣԤһ̨Ŀռ䣬ʣµľ̨ĳȣ߶ȸ̨࣬λá
ܵĸ߶ɣҪϸ̿¯͸ְ岿֣ÿһּŻֵʮӲŻꡣ
ΪǼ̿¯͸ְ֮ѡŵľ룬̿¯ͨף˷̿ȡ̿ĳڣϴõˮͳˮڣһľ̿Сװã
ϰٴο֮е㷸ĶֲܴڣĻˮƽҲߣڼοαûˣҪ˵ЩھϸҪеడ
ǲǾЩˣʵէһе㸴ӣֽһ¿Ҳܼ򵥵ġ
ϰôҲǶʦˣеӲӣһ˼ȴҪ˵Ҳ˵ӰɣҪеϸ飬ܹʱȽϳҪѵ㾢Ҫżã΢һ㡣
ѾǼ򻯹ˣټ򻯿ܾͲʹˡеΪӣ֪ǲˡ
ҲûбĵطʵڲҲֻ˶ΣһЩСܣģ򻯣𣿡


39 ûͻ
ϰ岻һ, ˵ԼУ壬Ը׷쵽ֵĶ, Խǣ, Ҳˣǽܼ򻯾ͼһ£ȻʱҲ㡣
ٸӵĶɼ϶ɵģο̨ͼֽṹҲ̸ϸ, Ҳٹʲô˵ǣñְָֽֽŻһ飬߻߸⡣
ϰķֽ⽲ڸ, һϼƺҲû̫Ӱ칤ʱ, УҸһ¼Ǯ
̨ϲòְ壬²òķܣϼƼ۷ʽ͵۶һ, һһȣϷѺ͹ʱҪһٿǮ
ʱٿԺܹ, ϱӼһӹҲ۸Ҫڴ󾮳ǲֻڼȱϡ
һԺ󶼺ܱˣڸӱ䡣
һӴֳϲеӹ, ΪҰˣһȥһСسѰҲϼӹ¶Ӫʱ˽⵽ġʱϺ͹ʱ̨࣬۸Ҳ١
ؼϰ廹һǮŻ, òװ̯ǧ飬һֻʣİٶˡ
÷ݸֻ˲ֶ𣬻ԶһǮװڸβ֮ǰҲԼ̯Ǯ
Ϊ˱֤ȺҲֻϰ֧һ붨һ뽻ʱٸ
ٶһ̿ΪǮֻʱաˮܴ̻̿ңһյɾġ
˶𣬸ϰٴν˼Ҫ֤ߡ
Ҫ췿ݣؼǰڽֱ߰ҲǰˡϣҲ̫ÿ࣬ڶã컹ɨһ
ıһñȽǱϾҪסü죬ôɨɾһ㡣
ռ°ĽչѷݸշͼֽϸķŸϲˣռҲڴõ졣
ãˣһΪرѾỨüܶŵϢʱһ㾹ȻһͶˡ
Ҳû뵽ô˳ǮҲòˡ
ô𣿺ǲǻкܶطҪǮռе㾪ȡ
Щļ۸ûʲôǧǮҪڳǱߵũ壬ԸһС¥ˣȻܵԼשľ
ֻǸһ·ݣ˸̨һӾҪô࣬˵е㲻˼顣
滨ǮĵطˣЩװʲôģҲǱһŪãҲԳŪЩϾ¼ӹá
û£ϰˣҪǲǰܵǧǮҲԶõġռûй̾۸󣬱Ͼ˽飬˵ҪŪϾװޣҲᣬ㲻ȥҷϾϣ㶼ҪϰˣòŻȥŪϾɶʱҪЦ㡣
ʱҪŪʲô㲻֣Ҳ¡֣Żó·ѾȲ¸ǷˣҪʹþɶǾͺۣܵᱻ˳Ц
ֵľãʱ붼ûǸ࣬ǱĶ
аǶΪҲôѾɶñµĻÿʵá
ûϵ̫εĶ϶ҲãʱӦûֲЦ˵ñĽ
ôŪҶ֧㣬ԿҲУǮԼáռ
ллʵڲ˵ܾòܽܶϱԽ֮ǰͿʼܣ˺ܾòµǮ
ռ˼˵ǮǰܵҲǮһģҪŪӣҲû취ٰ̯ˣþ͵á
ռʱʱͻͻԭ֪
ܶʱʱֺܼǿ漰ʱԱҲúǿӲ
ھҲǣһֱôʡһˣΪһӻôǮۣȴû˵ʲôûܻ
һʼ˽⻹ǹƬ棬һֱܺܶ¾˼άڲŷԼҲһΪǣù̶۹⿴ˡ
˵öԣûʱһõģ˷ѾС


ڶ콭ñƽʱ磬ϴԺﳿȻ죬һ壬ϣٶɳһȭ
⸱Ȼָ˲٣Ҳĸϲȥˡ
ϱӵΪڶܺãһʮ϶û⡣ڵȻزأֱҲûʲô⣬ϳȱѾǼޡ
磬˵Ҫ壬ռҲ
˵Ľģ֪ôãվһ߿ͦϡ档
ռ߹ҲƤŴ˼ȭɳоûнô׼е㲻˼վһ߸͹ľ
򰡣֪Ϊʲôͣ巢ȣкô
ˣⶼġ
ʮ󾮳ǵŮ˼뱣أ˶ר飬ŮǸ˵ӵġ
˭˵ģֻҪܶ壬еŮĶԴ򡣡
ΪԺֻˣռҲŵÿһЩһȭһȭֻɳͦƵģռԾԾԣԡ
ѱҡҡڰڵɳסվһߣﶼһЩע˵󡣡
ռѧŽӣں˼ƣ£ԽԽоܺãȫչҲˬ졣
Ҫǰ鲻õʱҲôһɳйöãһж˺ܶ࣬Ҳûôˡ
뵽ǰٿڣãͻȻøһͦȤģԺҲҪ
ôţߴȭŤͷһߵĽϲҲǰſĶˣǲԾ
ͻȻԼһ⡱졣
ռһһۡ
Ѿ˫ַȣʹкȸлһ𣬸ӵۡ
ܺܰҲġ⡱죬æȥסĽǣûѾʣ΢һ֯
û£Ҫء˵һֻҶȥŪˮһ¡
ţû¡ռȻųԼţʹȴЦˡ
ʱ仹磬ҩûţŪҲûУһֻӣˮͷˮϵϴڣռϰƽϡ
ˮ˵ϣԼûжУʵû㣿
ˡͷ̧ۿȻһ˿ЦҲûۡ
󾮳ǵˮܶڵµĸֹܣƽʱͦѾ峿ˮͷˮʮ㣬ȫԴá
һ²Ųһȥҩ
õģܿͺˣҪ׼ءռеСˣһ£ôôţ
ŻعղԼ
ϰĶǾϸҪ˫ֺ˻Ӱ죬˵˵õһʱһ¡ղ˸㣬ȭ֮ǰȰ
ǣҿСˣŲС˵ġ
Сˣʲôأ
롭ˡ



40 ĵӣ
ռˮ, ȥ׼Ҫ͡
׼һռˮһߣæ
𶯣רע, ͻȻռֻɻЩ鼱, Ͽȥ֣һˡ
ռĹӦһһ¾ͺˣڶô, ֲأ㼤ʲô
ֻеʹռûʲô˵ġСַպƽɲΪһССʹ᲻ɻ
Сʹ, Լûô顣
ȫһ, ȻСû裬ϵҲչˣұķʲôˣƽʱͲʲô飬˵˵ʱ
Щͥͬ˸˵, ÿ˶Ǹĸĸαû˻˵ĺӸɻ
⺢, Ҳһ˵ȻЪţǽò
ĶǿǺ˶͵, ϲ˶ֽŸؽڵҪԣСҲܴ⡣
ͻȻռõˮæ, һ¾ͼˡ
Ҽ˲Ҷ˵ȥϡ
ôСˣܿͺˣռЦţô£ͲܶһҪȥϰأܲܰҲϰɣ
ҲǽżһԭǸҪ֣һ춼Ҫãһ˵أȥţһٿҪؾͲϰˣ˲С
ռȵЦ㲻˵İɣ
Ȼ˵ģǧСˣû²ģʹԺҲʱʱۡϽȥţ𶯡
ռеŰɣô࣬˵ʱŻҵӣԾֹ𴽽ǣǺðɣȥˣæ㡣
ȥߣලһһصװˮĴӣѾ̫ˣҰˮһ¡
˵Żˮϣŷ¿ʼ͡
ռ￴æͻȻͦҸġɣˣŵһθܵ
׼ͣٿռҺû˵ñҪһЩ
ԼҲô棬úԼǸҽƵģռЦûҿϰİɣ
ȥɣǸϰ㹻˼Ҳ̫áȥҩϣɻעһС
˰ɣѾˣռһ㿴ʲô¶ûС
רԤʱ䣬ٹʮӳҲϵϰ̯磬ҩû󱣻һ»ᱣһ㡣
ðɣǾͿҩûпţ˾һҩУͲˡ
ʱ̰ģռҲ⣬ϸܵǰδеıģ֪ԭ˹ĵĸоôãʧȥ
ҽô֣ҩҲԶûǰ鷳˵
ţҳȥ˵žͳš
ҩ꣬ʱҩϰ廹ŹǷڿ¥ţǵһ˿͡
˵ͿĨҩˮһҩ࣬ȥƷꡣ
ǰûƷҲûе꣬һ򳡣ճ򳡸ӦþƷꡣ
С򳡸ȥȻſڲ濴һС꣬˶װҲոտš
ëƹ˲٣ֶܺ򵽡
˻󣬽һȦûȭףϰ壺ȭ𣿡
ȭףûСϰҡҡͷֶû򣬴û
´νܲܰҴ˫
԰Ҫʲôӣߴ磿
ѳߴ㡣ȭкüֳߴҪǳߴ粻ʣҲˣ֪ռʺϴߴġ
ȥ·ľߵ˰ѳӡ
ʱ䣬СŻȥ
ռʮŻͷϻе㺹飬֪ȥ˺Զֹֽˣ˵ҩͺˣǲ˺Զ
ԶӹֽԼŰҩˮ򿪣һҩࡣ
ԼܵģռԼͿҩ֣ԼպҩˮͿ󴦣ٰĦ¡
ʵͻȻ˵Ľ״Ҫù࣬ҲЩ硣ǺҩȡһƬռͿҩٸϡ
ؿ϶ûˣռһҩ󣬸˵Ⱥһɳ´βˡ
ţˡùӣ˵ֱ
ռֱƣֻѳһ˷ŵϣָĳȣ֪Ǹʲôʲô
ҸƷ궨˫ȭף´δ״Ͳˡ
ҪôʽǸɳȭģһΪ档
ҲҪ氡ǿ廹ññˡ
ðûȭءռֻڵϿȭףֺɳһȳֿȭǿ
Ҫǰռ϶᲻ֶ滨Ǯڲһˣ̶ʱǮˣĹ֪Ҳڷű仯
ʵԴȭûȤǰǼ´Ѫǽ׼ô棬ҲɨˣһҲãԼԶʱ򲻻̫µͿ
ѻռϣ˱š
ϰ·ϣռÿһζҪ̧һСۺֶÿֻøÿˣ˼ֳˬ
⻹ǽĵһϵǽָûС
ԼûǮߵļͥҲûҪðЩĻҲܼªҪΪյռҺͽҴŶǰϯ
ռôһ򵥵Ļ󶼸ϧϰʱҲ°Ū˻Ūˣϧмӡ
֪Щֻøҩ󣬶Ǽ򵥵ټ򵥵飬ֵһᡣ
ȥѳߴƷϰ壬ǰǮϰһ˫ʽһ˫ŮʽŮʿÿģϰһںͻȥʡǽ
***
Ҫʼ췿ˣǰѷڿգѸ׼鶼׼á
Ԥ쿪ʼƷѣ͵סȻԼɨһ
ٻؼҽ̸ǺƷĶʰൽ磬Լ̸ǻ̸ǣʱ緿
ЩصļҾ߰᲻ʩӸᵽԺݴ棬ȷŪٰݡ
ԼʱȽϳԣЩӦǰãܻռ°Ҳûǰ
ռרǰ°صһպˣ־ϲ⣬ôһһŪ
Ȼһֱڿ죬ÿܶ飬ʰЩռǱʶﻹǾӦĻ
ô飬ˣôܵءϰ಻ˣ
ռ˵ۣϰŲࡣ
ý֪ĵӣͻȻڽͷ෽һ¡
Ҫ۲ۣͻһ°סһ˵
ûռѾת߳˷䣬Ъ
ͷַ֪ӦֻװʲôҲû
ԵеΡˣڵһȥ˵һܲһԺԵģû֮ǰð̯
ʽѹ󣬲Ϊݸ죬ʱͲ̯Ǯˡ
õԺŸɳûʲôҲãҪԵģ͵þôͬС
ţһȥ
ͬԺᶼ˵СӹԽԽãҲΪǸеˡ
֪Ҫ췿ӣҸΪǸˡ
ôһªСֿ⣬ÿ쿴ôҲЩȥָܸĳɶõӣٸĳס˵ĵطҲЩ
ĺס·ӵʱǲǻҪưڴЦռ򣬡ʱҪǵѽ


41 
ЩھӲ˵Ŀ׻, ƽʱӴó
ǶǸ˵ֱͷ˼Ҳ֮ˣԽ˵̫, Ҳӵӣܸͦ, ûٿ
лҺ˾͵ȥˡƷֵǮĶѾֻǸǮС
ССʱռװ鶫, ǮŲҲ
һ·ֻм׾, ռȴ˽, СӣҪӷǰ
ǧǮȫļҵÿһǮ֮ס
ظɴСӱϣγǸϧء
ھϱӵĲƸɲԶˣڵĲƲԼ㡣
Ǯ, ǽеһʽгһǮһ⡣
ȥŴ۰, ܰǮҲǸ¡Ҫסʮ죬Ҳȫ
ãȥɡ
Сͷ, ˼
ĸ̥һϾ˸ϱȻѾһ, ûȫӦ
ڼͥĴ̽յԭϱָˣӵܣҵ羫ӢǣҲͨˣвѻˡ
ѻ棬ٵģ˵ͦ࣬˵ģϵһ͡
˵Ǯͻỵʱ仰ЩӦĽڣġ
󶼲ҶȻɻ£ҲгһջԲ˼ңοŴһ˵Ļ
ҲԸӰҵԭ֮һϵˣҵﻹмˣЩ߹ܣҲöˣ۶ϵǶһķеģûһö
ĻһԼҲϵˡ
Щ뷨Щڼ򵥣ǺִܵЩ߰˺¡ֻܵЩ˼ĵطЩѩѩɽϣžΧĻǴġ
û̸ҲδôദռܺãΪ룬ǵĹϵǺϷޣֻһ뷨öãˡ
ǧЩˣϱǸϵҵѾûǸϼһĻˡ
˵˵ϽʿϱˣǰһձĻڴ󾮳ǻû˵˶Ѿϰ˵
ͻȻֻǮСԽӳģ§ӵϣָؽڲԾ˽
ܿ磬߽Ԥõķ䣬Сӷŵ϶Сġ
ռСģҪӷ־ܹĵط˯ǰŴûзƽʱûʲôǿ֢
ߵ׿ڴǵ֤ʱպ÷ߵģڱ֤ͽ֤š

һ˯òãӻû˶ǰˣϴϻؼ㡣
ռȥϰ࣬кʩӡ
ڽֱ̺һɢװҶ˸ɻܸǮ̺ͲҲҪãԵ˼ҲС
˶ϰߣҲ⡣
͵ģͶʩһݣֻҪҲ׼˳һݡ
֪Щũ񹤹ǮߣǮ޲ÿһֶĻؼҡǽͣ˵ֻ˳ֵ£˵һʡһǮҲѾˡ
ͶСԣλ˸ǺܶЩͷǳζСԺÿͷ¶ǣɻ
ʩһ죬ƻȰǽٽؼӹ̡
Լ򵥣һֱšʩ˿ʼɻҲȥ۴Ǯ
Ｘ״һӪҵ߽ȥ壬ûʲôˡ
󾮳ǺСʱҵҲС
ܶ˼һû±⣬˼õǮ˼жĴ
ʹе˼ңҲֽʽڼﰲȫĵطֽǧ˼ҲŻῼȥһۡ
Ҳ˭ȥп۴Ǯһ˼Ϊλ˻٣ҵԵøˡ
д۵˼ȲжǮڽ϶Ҫȱ˸һͷҪǴܵλǿɲˣ׵ԪǺܽһ¡
ΪԪֻ߰ʮǮ˼ңҲǷֵطģڴ󾮳ǣʮԪҲǮ˼ˡ
ҲΪˣȫǵĴжûפȫֻũСҼҲûӪҵҪǽǼģôһ
ǮҪӶó֤ռ֤ݿ˴˻Ǯ˽ȥ
ռ°ؼңһʱôۿû۳ʲôеϡ档
ʵռдˣֻպƽַռֻǰԶԶĿڷ﷭ۣ泤ʲôû壬Ҳ֪Ǵ˶Ǯ
Կ϶ǣռǴ󾮳ǵǮ˼ˡ
ռ򷭿ۣеϲշּҵʱ붼룬ʱýܳʱܻȥˣû뵽ô̵ʱԼӵԼĴۡ
ȻǵǮԶûǧϣڴȥֻǧ߰ٶ࣬ͷѸ췿ӵβ˻Ҫ٣ֻʣǧ࣬ҲǸܺõ𲽣ڵͷò˶ҲܳΪԪ
һۿԼ֣ʽôҵأ𣿡
Ϊ˵Ļָۻ˵֤ģȻ㰡
ռ˵ڱĻ
˼ҵĴ۶Իֿģҳе׸ȻҲˡ
ڱĻ𣿡
Լû̫壬ʱּҷֵúżմԽҲеججĻûһӦں컧ڱҲûע⻧Ϣôдʲôˡ
ѻڱóȻһԼǰҲ˵׸̫˽Щ׺͹涨
Լ⣬Ȼ׸ģǻڱϵĻӦռŶԡ
ҵʱ̫û̫⣬Ҹʱȥһ°ɡ
Լ˭ǻȢ׸Щԭ˼ѾͳͳҪֻһ˼Ǿǽ顣
ռ⡣
ռһ˼ûϵˣǶּҳˣֲʲô
˶٣ֿ˻ҲӦýŶԡ
仰ռһʱҲ˶룬ͻȻöԷ˵ĶԣЦ
˵ɲۻڱǴۣ˭ϵĻʲôϵأ
ǰֽʱҲ˶ԿףĽǮƲ࣬Ҳ͸ġ
ȱܰɣŪӻǮĵط࣬ҲȡǮռѴ۵ݸ
áӹڴźãȷŪðסͿԷżˡ
ռ˵ûͷȥ׼װĲϣ黨ǮƵǮʱԤϵǮ࣬ÿҪǮȥռôȡ
˵װΪʡǮʱÿͣܶҪɻг򽻵ˣڶ
ΣĶĶ̯࣬Ƕʶˣٴε޲棬СӣҪʲô


42 ľ
ھɻгһľƵʽ̨, ŵĳ̨һ࣬ͺ
һɼҾߵ̯λǰֱ̯ϰûй̨
̨Ǯа, ǡΪҪʲôصĶſϡ, ֻһϡƽľ̯еʧ°ָָһ䣬Ǳ, ʲôʽУϲĸԼ
߽ȥһȦĲ, ʽɫҲкü, ÿһͦģ̫ϡ
¾ɳ̶ҲǺܺʣľѾܳ¾ˣеĻпĿĺۼƤ, ȥĥµĿԶûС
ѵÿһ㣬̨׵һ, ʷ滹˵ʽ̫ͣһۿȥҪÿҪеɫ͸ˡ
б𣿡еɨ߳, ̯
̯תͷ㿴ӣȻ̲ס¶ЦȻλﲻĶ, Ҫʲôģ
ÿ㣬ľһһġȥø¸һġ
̯ҡҡͷҪĶôô֣˶ֹ̨ģϲأ
ҿɡҲͣȥ̯λ
ԱиСһЩ̯λλ̯Ѿվ￴һˣǰ̯ĶԻûȽȻֱӾȥ
һ̣ģеˣÿˣҪĶҲûС
ʵҲѾɻгʲôϣˣղǼľɼҾ̯λûкʵģ̯λУֻ˾Ͷһ飬һһԵء
û뵽λôdiao̯ɻѣΪϲöô˳۰ɣ
˼ߴˣҲû㿴ǼҶǰߡ
ˣгֻҾߵġǰһ̯ǺģסҸ˵طɣȥ
תʲôطҲǾɻгǾͶлˡ
Ǿɻгһָ̯ųߵķǱ߳ǱиľĳľĳԱмҾߵĵ꣬԰Ҫʽ
ллѰ˼ֶ¼ҾߵĺǺãǼ۸϶Ҫܶ࣬ûоʵȥҲ޷
΢ôԥһ˲䣬̯񿴳˼ֶ˵ЩС궼ľĳ̭ı߽ϼӹģ۸ҲȾɼҾ߸ߣֻȱݣҲһȫҪʽ
һǲʺ𣿲ȱҲζſƣɷصĶ
лˣǸá
л̯̯λҲٿˣֱгſߣֱǸľĳڵء
Ǹ̯űˣڽЦ֪ûǮûǮҪ󻹶ֵ࣬طû׼ʺ㡣
֪֪α˵ҪǮط
ҲЦŻش𣺡ǮҲϲĶЩӻÿٱҲûã˾˷ǮҿгҲλļҾֵÿһ
һ䣬ŰѺĸط̯Ҳˡ
̯һ̣Ҳʶһԩ޳İ˳û˵
ܿľĳԱһС֣ȫľļӹĵ꣬ҵ
ſһȦһҿŲĵ߽ȥڷŸľı߽ϣЩ˶ļҾ߳Ʒмľһæµš
ϰ߹ӴãʲôҾߣҪҪ˵ģϲʽ
ʽ̨С㵥õ֡żɽõ𣿡
һ˶ģȡˡϰŽߵһѳƷ棬㿴ô
һۣ˱Ⱦɻг֮⣬ҲôʽֲڣѿʵҲһ㡣
⻹ŲһҵˣĶҲˡ
ҿⶼЩʲôϣȻʲôʽٰô
԰ƵȻûˡϰˬӦŽǶľԣʲôңҲԼ򵥻ͼֻҪǶ
УֽͱҲˣæġ
Ǻã㺰ҡ
ϰȥæȥˣֱվǶҵľʼһ
ȳѡһЩúʵľϵѡȻһȶƴӣܲƴһʵĹ̨
ѡյľϣϰҪ˸ߣ߲ǦʻǺţĻľҲˡ
ѧİϰ棬Ѿվһ߿һˡ
ȫƾо΢һԣӹýʦǡ
о൱԰ƴӵĶѾ³һΣֽϻҲϰ岻߿ޣеЩʦˣΪרѧ
λϰǰľֻطľն㲻Ͼտֵ˾רľĵʡǣʶʡǴҾ߳ʦ
⼸Ÿп꣬λľʦһɻ
ѡľĶ˼Ǻţÿľ϶ֽϻĹ̨ͼֽŶӦ¸ϰ彲һ飬ϰԼٸʦ
ԼƵʽҪȵǸƷÿö࣬⿴ͼóʱУеЩģȥ
ʽÿ̨ϸ˺ܶ򣬴ʵԡ
϶ÿϰֿҿͼ۰ɣϾԼƵġ
ͼǶ٣Ҳ۸
һ£ٸۿۡϰ˵ùһһľϿʼӼ۸Ȼټϼӹѣһʮʮɡ
һҲˡɻгһɹ̨ʮǮλ̯˵۸񲻱ȾɻߣҲ̫ˡ
֪̯Ϲ˵λϰ׿ͣ߶УԼƵΪ˲ٹܷϱЩʽ̨Ҫ಻٣ʮӦλ಻ʮ
λϰſ˹˹ģֽܸӵĶ򽻵ˣ۸飬ܶһһ֡
Ҳ뿳ȥģ͸׼۰ɡ
ɱȵ׼ۻˣϰЦŵһ飬ﻹûйء
ûй˵׬еడϰ忴ǸЦģЦصҲЦ۾ͲˣҲǲ֪飬׬Ǯһڼ۶ʮ顣
⣬һ´ʮʮ壬˵Цİɡ
ɡֻû˵꣬м˴ӵŽҲ˻ڽһ˳ſھͺϰ壡ǹӺû
˺ˣ͵ȡءϰʾ⽭ԵһȥӴĿˣ⣬ë
ʻ˸ŵϰȥĹȥˣһ༸վԭתȦĴҲҾߵġ
һһۿƵͼ־ʲǫֹ̂ʽͦص㰡
վﻹһ֧ʣҪֵܡ
ԡ
ԼƵģҿ㻹һ֧ʡ
ҲЩӣ㻭˻
ǫ˰ɣһеӵģһҲ£׼¹񡣡
̸ϣԡ
УлˡλǸ죬ĽʣǮ
û̸á
Ǳߵϰһ߸Ǹ˵ŻһŶǽʱǸȡҲˡ
ϰϽŹʽǣʶ
ʶˣҿλֵƵͦãæҲӡ
ǣ˼רҵģɻˡϰԽĴָ͵͵գۣҪԼƣҶͼۡ
С۸񶼲͸ģϰͼԣҪϽ̸ɶȻǲýԼļ۸˽һ˼ʾļ۸񻹿
ȻеᣬҲ˵룬ɹƭһûմûӵҪҴ۸Լ̸Լľͺá
У˵ģԵϰȻọ́һȵݸҾ鷳һλֵˡ
Ҳ飬ллڰ֡
СֵԵһϰָۣȴӡ
ԡ
ҲżȵҲ޷Ȼϰʱ¿۾ǡ
⼸˿ͿҲǺúƵģϰҲײǣõĻϰһˡ
˵㻭һҲ̸ƣֻϰľĶƸУŻͦרҵ
󾮳ǵ˼õļҾ߶ֲڼªѾרҵˡ
ԽǻһӽṹʽҲڼ֮˵
ľϣһĻˣվԱ߿
ϰһʼΪģ˺һûǸʼ¹۲ǡ
۹ܶϸ˼ˣŴ˵̬﷢֣ǶҲҾߵģֻһԣѡΧ۲οˡ
æ˵λҪʲôҾأһľ£
ȿ
ȷ⼸Ҳ򣬵ϰһתͷԽˣλֵܣҪİɣҲǵţǾ;ʡøһˡ
ˣһҪǸ̨նˣ˵ʮļ۸񣬵ϰҲˡ
۸ͲնҪһ¶¼ӣ׬ˣǰûйһ춨ô൥ӵʱ
ԣллˡ
ϰüľѽѡľϰᵽӹĵطѡƸ塱ùȥָľһ飬ű㿪ʼӹ
Ѿѡһľˣ˼·ܼ򵥣רĿģʵغġⲻ֪ԽԽԽľϼ۸ҲԽ󣬵Ҫ¹ʵÿѡģеĶҪѡġ
Ĺӣ
ѳߴ˽ҪЩʲôܣ롣
ʾ֭˼ܣûʲôʶԺ¹Ҳͷŷ·ľһƴӣװţ¹ˡ
ڴҶҲû·ɷţû̫ɵ벻̫๦ܷʲôġ
ʵ¹ٸҲӲȥֻҪửһֽȻߴ磬ٻֹܷܲĶϡ
Ҳʹ¾ֶľˣûϡ
껹ÿĹܣݸ쿴㿴ûвҪģֱӻС
ۣ˲ϸȸ̫̾ˡ
ϰ忪ĵúϲ£죬λʦڳ͸һλʱҡǮƵģǼĲ¶佭ĻҪǶҪҲУ
ȫҪ¹Ƶãֱ޿ޡ
չܣΪŹ񡢲СմƷ֣бȵȡ
ո·ӣȻڻûôɷŵģԺûа¹·ӣҪһӵģһλܱԺٻǿ
¹ͼžرƯҪĸ᲻á
ȫҪöǮ
ǵÿϡϰ
쿴򽭿ֵܣƵЩľǲǲ̫У
Ұɡֻܺףһ飬ĿֺܲҪصĲ֣ʵľ壬ͱǽİӣѡľУʡ²Ǯ
ѡϣҲûףȲϰ壬һ¶ǮɣӿźǺã̫ĻҲûôǮ
ϰȫ̿˹ˣýʵ̫ˣôǸרҵʿӡ
òһ£Ǹ̨Ǹһʵ۰ɣҲܵ⼸˺߼ۡ


43 ҪǮ
ϰó, ְһõַǿʮ˿, ѾǸŻݵͼˡ
һ£ʮ˿˵಻, ˵Ҳ٣ôõһ¹ǮҲֵֻ¶֮ǰ, ٲοοģϾ˼רҵϰ壺λֵܵĹ̨ǶǮ
Ҳһ, ¹ļǮôҲǸ̨һʼϰļ, ¹һٶʮ飬ǵϰͻȻô͵ļ۸񣬿ó϶ʵˡ
ʱ۶ʮһ㶼֣һ㡣
ζԵؿϰ壬߱е㲻˼, ŹĹ̨Ϻ͹ʱ඼֮һ, ǮҲ֮һ
ԣ۸ûʲôϰҪ׬һ㣬ҲûԿ, ˣ۸ࡣ
Ҳͷˣ, ʮ˾ʮ˰ɣҲˣʲôʱã
̨¹񣬡ϰ¹ҪӺܶ࣬ܵõܺˡ
ӹĵطĹ̨㲿״඼ˣľٸľٹ⻬
ʦٶȻͦģ˵ˡ
Ǹû⡣ϰŵƣҴæˣ˸͵ȥ
ûܸܲˣԼһ˿϶ǿģлл˷ҵ
ˣã˵;͸͡ϰֶǵλĿܻԼһ£ƽʱҲǲ͵ģֻ˼ҰæԴӦͣ¡
ûϵҵʱŪ峵һ˾ˡ
Χ۵˿Ƶ¹ôãĶˣǼԼģҪ¹񡣴ʱĹ̨㲿ͣǺȥ뿴װʲôӡ
ϰȴ⼸ڱصãλֵܣλֵڣǲ𣿻ͷûôõĻˡ
˻࿴һۣһ˵ҪŪһİɣͲ鷳ˣҲûҪľͦá
˸충һģһ¹
ϰ̤ʵˣÿ˶һǮǹȡ
˶ԽǸмǰʽʶһ£ֵҲ飬֪ôл㣬Ǿʶһ£Ժлһ档ҽƤﳧϰ࣬⼸ͬ¡
Լ࣬ʱסƽ֣Сԡ
һһ£ŷӦѹҪһ̨
ΪʲôרҵʿôҲӦĸĹʦôҲ벻СԵġ
ȻֻͨͨĹˣҲʽ룬СǱ˺ò˶١
ǿڽǵæҲñֳ˵һһᣬлһȥ
뿪ľ꣬һλۣһ˵ǸǲǷʲôˣôСԵأСܶôרҵƣ
пܣҿҲ㿴װ׾˹˹ģҲݸ߸ߣһǸ֪ʶӣôܳ
һ˵ˣ㷸˵Ҳʲô飬ͷʱȥƽֿ͸
û
ˣϰֶԽֵܣ˵ʵڵģ⼸մĹˣ̨ҾͲǮˣ˰ȥҲǶĸлҲҽһ£ҽ˳ˡ
ǵãҲֻǾ֮ͣܰæͻҾ͵øлˡ
˳ʵһΪĸ󳧵Ĺʦڵĵλڴ󾮳ǣӦʡǲŶԣ󾮳ǿûʲô󳧣ǻش󾮳̽ףҲû뵽СԵġ
˳ոҲĥˣӦǾʲôͻȻ˵֮ģô˲ţ˾ÿϧ
ѽͱˣٿǲˡ
򵥵ƣʵ˳İֹ⼸һ´˹˼άΪԺ³ֿʽļҾҵ˼·
˳ǴˣȻǳмһ̨ʲô
˵ϣҲپܾлָЩõĽ顣
ǰһ֦еСô֣еָô֣бֱҲģ״죬ʣЩҪˣ
Щ˻ȥգ˳ղյĻһˡ
ҼҵǲղɣûȥװΡ
װΣʲôװΣ֦ڱ˿մϱߣѾЧˣ˳ȫ⡣
ŵװޣȥһ£ôŪûȥٿ
Ŷ˳ȻҪĻúˡ
̨ãѡЩ֦һ˳˰ֱҡ
ЩʱԺһͲסʱܵ
Ҫ׼ʱռҲ°ˡ
̫ˣûüʲô£ȿԺͲһʲôȥƿͲ
һһոµĹ̨Ħ˺һԽԽúÿԺڵµſڣһԵΣʽģܹɣ
ûǮ
ûǮʲô˼ȥģ
㱻Цҿˣƻġ
ѽһ顣
ռýζҲеϹô˵Ǹ˳׬ˡ
ǲҲʡǮˣ
׬øడ
̨ԺҲ׬ܶǮġ
ǵǣһġ
ˣջʱʲôˣ
ʵҲûʲôոսǰպͺˡ
ûôɣپ˿϶ɺ¡
ûô˵ռ˵Ǯˣڼ̯뿪꣬ԲЩ
²õպ˵ĻռҪٱ
ֱӶ˵ģ
ǣԼ˵ģǾǰһҡұȥģˣøһʶ
û£ò뵽˵ĻúЦǮ˵Ĳ𣿼ǰ̯Ҳȥڡ
ǰռһĴȣҾ챿ʱӦôȥġ
ҪһʶǶԵģԺǮҲǣֻ۲ķݡ
仰ռ˵ͨˣҲﲻҲպǲĿЦ
***
ÿ̲費ϣ緹ʩĹ˸ɻЧҲܸߡ
ӵĿܸʱˣʣˮ粼ߡ̵ששˢǽԼװЩӲװ
ٽֵǽܶשпԺӵǽ¥ҵǽΪҪװҲ²ש
ЩשһıǽͬʱҲøĲͿ
ʣµש٣ã˻ĸһõճˮ顣
ǼһյĹʱѣЩשڳһԼƽʱСǲһģԼõĳ
ùڹߵǽǣһʮֿС̳ԺԵ㻨ݲݣ׺һ·ӡ
ڹˮͷߣҲ˼һשͷΧһСƽҡҲ̳һĵطͷͿֵСˡ
ѾӹʱˣطԹ˵ֻ˳Ūһµ飬ǲҲ͵ǰæǮ
ƽʱӵķɹ̵שˢǽЩӲװ潭ԼơĽṹѾŪãͬС
ȥӲװһһ档
ķסĵطֿıǽʱĨһˮ¡
Ϊǽש϶Ǻѿģװ˷ǮˮɫɫˮټһЩ򵥵ĵ׺ɡ
ڹһѴשʮ黨ɫשˮ̵صʱù˰ЩɫשǶˮϡ
ʮשСƽĵ棬ֻܽשɢ̡
ָӹ˰ѴשȵǶˮϣÿשĳֲ򣬿ȥ򣬻ɫ׺ˮɫϣÿֲ׸
ôŪһ£Ҳˡ
һŪĹ˶û뵽Ӧӵģû뵽סĻҪ򵥡
ˣ
ʣµľͽˣٺ㡣
ãȥһġϵĻңŵߣ߻סͷֹֻۣͿԵ𣿡
꣬ûôʪˣˮҪȫҲʱ䡣ֻȥ׼ĶˮȫŪ
һѴ󵶺һСԺѴ˳Ҫ֦ȥƤͬ״ࡣ
мԽϴֵ֦ϻм֦辣Ҳʣһ£׼Ƕˮ౳ǽϣȿԵװҲԹһЩ
ϸһ֦״һװƷԹһǽϡ
ʣµĶЩϸС֦е״ãе״̫룬Щ֦Щʪõ̿Ϻ濾ȻҪ״ȻɸָСװƷڷţҲԹǽϡ
ЩСջ˵һ㲻ѣȫϱڻ͵ġ
ȻеǮװȫĶڻʱ򣬲ԤԺͻ¼ܶ࣬ĶҲһʱεضá
װ湤ߣܶණʱԼö˾ͲʲôѶȡ
ռһؼҺ󿴵ЩҲپʲô֡
֪ԴεԹȥ˾ͱˣԽԽԣҲǿԽԽá
˻˲֡
Ѿ͵ļң뵽Ժʩȫ˼ﻹǿտҲһˣ˳ļҾ߼۸ǰѼҾ߶ҲỨ̫ǮռҪҧҧѶɣԺסҲһЩ
ռйʣҲֻҪʱû̫֮ǣ붼ûͬˣðúþУЩͦõģҶ֧֡
㲻ô룬˵͵һ׳⡣
ãͬξͰѼҾ߶룬ǮҲռЦ˵
úþСǼ̵ִĳ񾭣ռһ㲻࣬Ǹ񾭻ЩʸС
ϱϵĿͷԺֲϵ۶ǶǸԭ䶼ô˵
Ҷˡ˵Ǿǡôʲô˵˵㣿
Լɻ˵Ľ˵񾭼Уٴǿ˵ģǿЦ
ռϻЦô໹һ£ҲǺãԺ󲻹ʲô鶼ηӸɣôʾôŪ
ͷǸڲˡ
ڶٴ˳ľ꣬˳үһˣ˽꣬ȫҪסµ
С˳ϲﻹȱʲôѽ㾡˵ȸ
ȱе࣬ҽҪһ׼Ҿߡ
һף˳Ҳʧ̬ҪļѽҲǰͼֽ£
ԣȸ㿴ʽ֮ǰͰʽˣóеľﲻ֪ûС
ģľϲһڵ
ûϵûϵֻҪǸûҲУȥ취ǡ
˳￪꣬Ա߾ľĳֻҪԸ⣬Ȼа취Ūġ
һͼ˳һɳ輸ӹ񡢲Ρ¹񡢴һױ̨
˳߿۾ɵϴ̲סʿˮү˰̫ˣ
Ǹ·Ҫ¼ˣϲϲʲôʱϯѽ
ϯͲˣ򵥵Ūһ¾ͺá
Ŷ~˳βһȻӣԲ˲ݣý˵ļ򵥵Ҳ˵ļ򵥲һһΪһЩʲôŲĵǨ¾ӣԣ򵥵á


44 
˳ֶԽݽһ²⡣
¼Ūü, ǾͲʡǻ̽׵ģʡǻĶϲԽԽãͲȫ˶֪
СӴʲô
ʹһдӼ, ˼Ҳһ˽ļҾһ, ױ̨УһǸͷĻˡ
󾮳м˼ʹױ̨ģһ龵ӣһױ̨ˡ
еӹҲǣʹеӵ˼, Ҳһһھǣһڲͬĵӹ˳û
ȥǷȱľ, ȸ˳
ûϵ, ˳ͺãܵи󵽵ġǵ¹ûãһͲӿɲá
û£˵ʹˣǲżġ
ҵҲż
ļҾ߶ʵľ, ûʲôѧճϼܾȩ, 缸춼Ӱ졣
ðɣǾáֲӣ˳ֻ˳⡣
ȫͲ϶һˣмҾ߼ٿǮ, Ӧͻ
Զ׼˳εȻֻҺʵˡ
ˮɵʱ򣬽ĳ̨Ҳˡһȥ
Сÿֹĳߴ綼ǰõ, ̫󶼻ӰʹáȣֻԤһ̨λą̃ҪСˣͻз϶˾ͻŲȥ
ӹϰģ˫һ߿飬ⶫõ纸ģҪǳߴ粻ʣڱ
ǰӵĻʱǸţһֵȡҲһۿžУ񽭿žϸģǰδ
ҵǽͶһٶҲӣĹвͣߴ磬ȻвСĳ롣
ԼҲһɲǹҲ磬Ҳ붫⣬ԼҲ˿
ˡ
ϰڷ̨ʱһһģ϶ˡ
ЦЦ˵ôΪʲôղŽųǸӡβһæؼҡ
̨ŵ࣬Ա߰Ǹ¹̨ոպռĿȡСǱ̨Ҳȡ͵Ĺ̨
վ⿴һȦѾôˣͲЩװκ͵׺
ûᣬùʩõᣬһˢպͬɫ汳ǽͲǽͿѻ
ɫˮǽһŻͿϼɫʳͼˮǽ˻㾦ãҲһ۾֪Եĵط
ľһ㣬ڱǽϣһһĶڲǽϡ
кŵľװƷҲڱǽĺλϣȥдֲԵҡЩСװƷһңﶼͻأʱԻλá
̲סͣĻȻʲôĴ䣬Ҳ޲ͷޣÿ
֮ǰý̫򵥵ǸˣҲ̾ʱһΪˣû뵽ҪıҼ涼Ҫá
ҲˣҲøлǡ
ĸ컹û̽ȣٹͿԿҵˣ⼸㲻ֱٰ̯Ӱ̯ˡ
ֲȥˮͷ³ϴɾָгһģһֻ̥ʣǼܡ
ü˩סֹǼܣù컨ϴһףһ˹̶컨ϣֹǼˮƽ棬ߴֹǼмֳףƾ͹ڳֹǼм䡣
һƵĺշƾˣûǮгĶÿˮͿѻҲܴ
һ֣ȦϷżСʵƣ뻧֮ǽϺʵĸ߶ȡ
ͷмŵLOGOôһ׾
̯ʣһƤ¯һҲﾡá
룬ù˰ѳȥһ㣬ҲһƤȻһ£ڷڵǰÿԵ̨ʹ
Ūÿĸ߽ŵϣ˿СԿԴҲԡ
ʣµĳƤ¯òÿõģ˺üʡ
̧ͷһϷ¥ǽϿտҲһҲ˩ס¥ϴµǽ⡣
ͷֵܵҽӺ͵֮ҲÿݻסªƤ
ͷװһҲרŻɫﲼΪһ塣
һˣװ޹вӵƣƷԼԤҪúֱֻܶ࣬СԣڿŵбƸСԵûһӲ֪˶ٸΡ
Щöһɵģռ°ʱΪߴطˣֿȷǼҡ
仯Ҳ̫˰ɣһž;̾Ҳûϳ
ÿһ;Եʲôʲôֺã
֮ǰû֪ʲôʡռʲôС֮ģڿôеΣʲôʲôСԺе䲻ϡ
뵽һ㿴ô
˵
ͽСô֡
򡯣̫ðɣռﵱȻǸ˵ģе⧲Ҳе㷢ֵ̣ĵܴʲôġ
ܴľǼͣҾͦãüǻص㣬֣ķ˵ʵġ
ôáռ˵ͷеβסЦ⡣
һԱȾ֪ĸˣô˰ɣҾȥ˿һְװϡ
š㡣
***
󣬷Ӳװ깤գͬʱҲǶļҾ깤ӡ
ҪȥҾߣҪһ¼ȱЩʲôȫ׼˾ҪסˣԽһ١
û뵽ȥ˳˰ѼҾˣͼҾߵϴξ֪·ôߡ
ÿһһ飬û⣬˳ñϴεĹ̨ϸľļˮƽѾҪˡ
ͼҾߵĹ˺ʩĹһ𣬰ｭǰѼҾ߰ڷźá
ͽıڵĲֿⷿʱ
ÿܺ˴ɹ⣬ôϲڰϼҾߣˡ
ЩҾȻܹûǮÿһȫµʵľ죬ʽȺܶǮ˼ҵļҾ߿ŶԵΡ
ң治ֵ֣̫ˡ
ޣܶװ޹̣Ǯ˼ûǮ˼ҶУ񽭿Ǯû٣ȴܴﵽЧģǻǵһμ
˴Ұæ⼸˶˲Ļмǣллǡ
һᷢ˷츲صı仯ȫռ֮⣬ܴǰѾӸĽṹҲû뵽ϼҾ߻仯֮ҲŸлǡ
칤깤ʱԤǰ˺ü죬Ԥ˼죬ɴס죬·͸͸ɢһζ
ʡȥҾߵʱ䣬ʱȥһ̳
ľƵɳȱͿ棻´Ⱦɴ̸Ҳð죻ҲȻһЩӰ˵Ʒ
ЩһƷȥгԡ
ڵ·ĶãռоʲôҪµģǰõЩɶ̫ˣе䲻ǵ·ӡ
ʱǸ²Ʒʱ̳Ŀر࣬ÿһŶܺãÿһرҪ
ϧڴǮޣĶֲܶ࣬ȫرԾ
ֵط治ܾһξͰŪѬˣҪǾˡûǮռֻԳԼ㡣
ЦЦһʱ֪ôӻﰵ¾ģԺһÿǮŻ
˷ѵȻɳܣǸƷ򣬹̳ͱһʹࡣ
ʵռϵĶЩƷÿһЩ·ͻױƷʲôû
ֻ귿˼ҾߣǵǮʣˣʲô֡
Ҫɣ˻ƷʡܿµҪҵˣǮ̫ʡġ
ռҲֻϲļư衣
һֻСֿͷԽÿһɡ
ʲô棬ʽǰֻڵӽĿϿеĵط衣
ҩҩܺʣҲÿҩʱи飬ԺͲִҩˡ
ʲôۣںҩǳԣͲִˡ
ǳкÿĺǸ𣿲ǮˡҩûȽֻ˰µҩǮˡ
ðɣҩôõװһúúҩԺúҩˣҲ
˼յƾߣǷİ׳̫谵ˣҲÿ涥ҲҪһÿĵơ
췿Ӻ鼸ѾɣֻʣһЩơ
ռֻһ٣ڶȥϰ࣬ɽβ
̭ľɼҾ߷˷ѣռط˾ɻг̯ȻûǮҲﾡá
ԭļҾߺ٣϶Ŵү͵ĲΣһ˲ʮǮ
ŴүүûⶫǮ˻ˣְǮʳԡ
ʵҪϸ㣬׾ɲҲǮôƽϣ飬ҲǸлԼչˡ
˸̵ֹר˸ÿ壬ˢһɫᣬؼҹ̶ǸƵм䣬ϳܱߵļյСʵƣÿɫ
ֵг˻ݣҴƤ͹ߵС̳úá
гһСڰ壬˸ӹڹ̨棬ԺѲ˵д棬˿һ۾ܿ
ȫЩС£˺üطȫҲ˴ʱ䡣
ռ°ǰݺĻŵǸĿƣЧٴγԤӣһһɨ⡣
̫ÿˣǲ֮ʣô뵽ЩģҪ벻ôŪ
ԼһûʲôϱסĴʹúƯȥҲסٺɫĿջʲôҲ㲻ϣҲ͹˼ʦһƤë
ޣȷʵѾףѾˣϲͺá
ҵȻϲˣҾסԺҶԸˡռ£ŵҵǲǵѡӣ
أġ
ЩϱЩУʲôӿˮĿȾ֮ٲţǱʶҲ룬ǲĸգ
һҲаɣ̤ʵЩռǲ֪˭ӡ
Ҳ֪ԼһεңǰûЩͷھǰɣӦʶġ
ԣռʾͬǿ϶֪
ڸλ̧һָδүˣֻһ㲻˵ܶ˶֪˵ܶͷ˶أȥɡ
ллȥʡ
ͻȻо﷢ظ˵ĸоֻĸˣ˼ҽӴĶͷˣģ
صݸռ򣺡ʵˣδү˵رǸʦ
ļٵģռСԺӵĸڳ󣬸λδү㲻ϤҲİҲǵһ˵δүȥʣ



45 󼪴
չ, ʱ仹Ӱ쵽ϰ˯δүϢռδүҡ
δүűߵĹ, ϻ컹ûƻ, һʲôڿ
үүռȿںˡ
°δү̧̧ۣһμСһʵҪ¼סˣ
Ҳ㲻, Ϊռ˰¼ңҲû飬˶õ, δүֻҪһԽ, 뵽ʲô
ԣүүɲ԰ǿʵӡռ򹧾Ǵ¼Һŵ꿪ҵͬһУæϲʡ
λͷ, ϣվ߽, Ҳ˵ǿռֻվš
һδүһ߳ǣ֪֪
ҡͷ, ֪Լ֡
Ǿ˵հɡ
˰ѳո˷鱾˺һ˵ҿҲ̫ܵ, ľͺ컹ʣæù𣿡
԰æùռллүү
ˣÿ
δү۾鿴ΪʲôҪ˵վһ߾ȣһҳַҳҲû˵
үүǲ̫֣Ǹ˶٣ڿڴǮ
ǰ˵Щֱʼ۸񣬸øǮЩʦԼҪδүٳҲ˵Ǯ£ֻÿѣֲʳ˼֡
ˡδүڰ֣ӣ˶æˡ
ִʦԼĽռ򲻶ǶЩʲôؽɣðȻٸ
˵֮ǰڴ㻹˵ܶͷ˶δү˵ҪǮĻļλǻֻܸϽл
ǾллˡүүϯǾͲˣֻһ֡
Уʱȥ
δү˵ģǸˣ̸ֽһЩ򵥵סͿҵʽռ򹧹ʽϣٴεл
һҪδүռֵ
ϯ֮ǰõģûʲôݣռҽҲϽˣʵûҪ͡
˶ͦãҲᣬҳԸһл⣬Ҳʲôġ
ѡں죬ֻһʱ׼ȻϯֻԷҲ࣬Ҫ׼ĶҲ٣ռûϢգֵø졣
һ磬ȥסͿҵʽҪƷ
һֻ̡һֻľɹˮǹͱڣ׼һЩӲң˼ֻ
Щǰδү̵İ취Ϊס¼Һµ꿪ҵʽ׼ġ
˽ũóгھӺͿҵҪõĲƷ
СҪʳĺھӵĲˣȥѡ߲ˣռ򲻽Щ˰ɣҪ𣿡
˵µ꣬ӼƷһЩϲ
㶼ѾļƷˣģʲôչܿ죬ÿζռЩȡ
ˣӼ򵥵ģûرԽ
ռǰʱ췹ģ½СԣѧһƤëͰѲƷˣѧѧ
˵죬жЧҲߣԺģ¿϶Ǹϡϴδ췹黹ҵһ£Ժ󶼲ˡ
ģ±˱һ󣬲ʱȷʵҲˣڽ֮ǰʱɽկͳϮȱȽǣȻطҲǳڶԭɺܶ˺ϵĹ˾;ɽկ˵ĲƷرᣬһᾡŬñ˸ϡ
Ҳ̫ˣҪۿ˲ֵռڵٶѾûܸˣ豸ҲȰ̯ʱãӦÿԼ㹤ɣ
ԵģҲһֱĽŵģİɡ
и׼ĶѾ硣
δү˵ס¼ǰЩȲܷǱʱڷǰĹϡ
Ųµģͷڹǿƽ׵С滹ûֲˡ
ݲݳ緹ǰһǰѿǰ׼İƷãæ
Ϊ̯ѾˣֻʣһʼǸú¯Чʲܶࡣæһ磬æ顣
󻹵һ³̨̨ϼ峴ĲְըĲֹѾǰϴɾûõ쿪ҵŲ֮״
ľ̿Ž̿¯ռըﵹһЩͣˮ
ľ̿ȼһЩ׼õİƷ͹ȡ
ˢڼ峴ĸְˢһͣѰƷС壬ְܿϾͷЧܲ
ŽҲŸְϳ͹֮һըĶҲܺá
ְõļӺģȵԺ¶ȶڻȶ
ռһ߿еţһﲻʹͻֱӰ쵽Ŀҵȵȫ궼û⣬ɿ̫ˣ
ý̿ʱ򽭿ͻȻֻ©һ
̨ʱźҪһ̿ߣʱǫ́ѾܹûٻǮһæ͸ˡ
ռվڳ̨ǰ˼ʲô֪⣬ôˣ𣿡
һС⣬̿ĶҪӰ֡
̿𣿡ռ򿿽̨̿Դĳڷȡյ̿ȷʵ̫㴦Ҳ취Ūţóȥˮأ
Ҳԣˮǻر󡣡һܹܷȥһ򵥣Ѿˣʵڲнˮҳʱȥһ
ҲǣǻҳܲãӰˡռ˼ŵܷǸú¯أ
ôһѣҲסͿǵ̨ˣú¯òϣոˮʲôģ̿̿ʡ
ԣ
ѷú¯ŵ̨ĳ̿ڽľ̿ٸܷӣܿȱľ̿Ϩˡ
Ȼú¯еСظҲܰѳ̨ľ̿ȫ꣬ʱ㹻ˡ
һҲˣǫ́ЩԵľ͵ǵ
˳ԹʼҪõĶһ˳ֺõλãͲȻȥסһ硣
æһ죬һմͷ˯ˡһҹΡ
δү˵ʱһǿסģһ濪ҵġ
סîʱîʱһƿŽȥõģҲ糿׼ʱţĵӾˡ
̸ȶֻȡϴֻ꣬Сӣֵϻؼҡ
ǰСʱӻʣʮӡ
ʱ仹ԣǰѶһڵϣһδү̵ķװá
ľѵһɽԢȷǡ
ľصϰڷһȦӲңԢԴ
װɹˮǹٷϼֽңԢҲ࣬ǸٻʲôҲȱ
һ򴧽ڴһҪá
ȫ׼ãٿʱ仹ʣӡ
ռվſڣľŵԼǰΪʽţľȽݣ̸档
Ҳٻ̷ŵԼǰվռһżʱ
Ӷóһֽдʮ֣ռʱؿţտţ󼪴
⵱ȻҲδүǵģһʱʱҪţȻһ󼪴ĿںţŽȥ
ʱİͣרŰںдֽϡԼϰһ飬ݸռֵ
סˡռɨһۣ㿴ʱ䣬һ͸ңš
ãӡ
ͻȻĽŲһ׼ˣ
תͷԭδү
үүô簡ռк׼ˣǰ̵׼ġ
δүֵ⿴һ׼ĶͷţǿţһҺںţǸŸ͡
ãллүү
δүǵʱȷ˵һźںõģԢгףԺͥӵҸ
ĸûУûδү˵ûгҲУԼҲǿԵġ
ʱ˵ǲϯʽҲ˼򻯣˺ܶ෱ӵ飬ֻĵĲ֣ԼҲӰ죬ͬ顣
Ǩ¾ϲ£δүרżĻ˵
ռҲûгæҲţֻôһʽЩ˵ǵһʽУŻԵԼҪ
δүͻȻæʽо͸ˡδүˣᶼܾ˵ǵ¸֮ҲΪףһ㳤з
İæʱ⣬Ƕܸм
лѵ磬һʱǿŵʱŴֵ£ÿ
˵ӵָѾĵʮŷʮ룬СʱδүվڷŲ෽ѾˣռҲͦͦˣ̬ׯ
ʱһδүĵһˣˣˡ᲻ţյǡôһǾ¡
źںţռʱؿš
ռŸͺĸ֣ؿš
δүֺտţ󼪴
ռ򣺡󼪴
Ŵ򿪡δү˵ƿţռšȷǡ߽ȥšٻ󡱽
󼪴δүأĪиȾһܸܵһֵصĴϲӡ
ڶҪգδүȴֻҪô˵֣ܴﵽͬϲЧ
ռ򼸺鲻ԽŻغ󼪴~
߽ռ򽫡ȷǡ˶ڲ룬ѡٻ󡱷ڲ輸ϣδүǴ򿪵ơ
óǰ򣬵ȼڡٻ󡱵ܣڡȷǡΧӹҲϼ
ʱĺ⣬Ԣ
δү˵ҪͣЪһ죬𣬻þã׼˺ܴһ㵽춼û⡣
סʽѾˣδүǵ𣬡æš
үүһ緹ռæȥˡ
ˣٹδү˵Ż˳ȥ
̬ô˵һ˳ɷǣҲǿռͽǿֻٴθлһٹ
ס¼ңӦǽʱҪһ£¼һôƯοһǵһҲҪҵʵĺ³˫
ռжˣʰҵĶʱҸЦݾûͣЦŶ˵ϲס·ˡ
ллҲϲ㰡ס·ҪϰˡռЦŻشͻȻת˫§סĲӣ°͸ļϣЩʱˣôסôõķӣܿŵ꣬ΪŬ붼û
⧲ҲѿӲһ£΢΢̧ıŬˮƽӦѽһء
ôʱڣܽǵƵڵˮƽҲοĵײҲЩ
մǼ죬ռ򴦴۸ҪһףռĻʳƻǴ࣬ʱҪǮ
ʱȥԷֻóˮ棬ȴӽͷ±
ʱ룬ǲҪӦӦùı״
Ȼ岻Ǻһֱġ
ߵһ׶ˣ̸жãѾһӵļңһǵҵ
áռӣڿԹϺˡ
̫ˣʮûӣһֱž޴ѹ
ҲιãһδεĲпʵ
˿̶˵λõʱҲΪԽԽõġ
ռֲ̧˲۾˫۷ſͻȻ۾ôô죿


46 ƷƸ
ռʽΪʲô۾ô, ʶΪԼղżҲӰˡ
ôϲӣҲôɨ˵, Ӧø˵㡣
գգۣװ, ۾ǿΪ硣ǾǸ˰һ㶼ûɨˡ

ŵ꿪ҵļʱҲîʱֻʱ̸סһҵîʱм, Ҳ㡣
ǵĿҵʽҲܼ򵥣ûЩӵֻ̣ڵǰϻͱ, ʱʱ, ˵俪ҵ󼪵ף׼õвèһЩÿİڼǹڷŵٵȼڼɡ
ӽʱδүæǺҵ󼪵ף
ҵʽɺ, ҵдǿڹ̨ǰСڰϣ·һ۾ܿ
ҵ, ǰĲƷȫۣƷԳԻ
ʽҵǾ͵ÿʼæµˡ
ȼ̿𽫳̨Ԥȣ׼õİƷ, еϲ;ߵȫᵽ̨ϡ
ĳ̨ǿһְܵǰĺüСըĹҲǰǿ, ܹ߹Чʣһ˾Ӧ磬ҪææңҲҪռæ
ϼԽԽҲʼ½˳ռֻÿ·վǰ׼˺ýӴǽµꡣ
ܣֵֽ߻ûʮĶ·Ѿ½˺üˣǼ˿ûߣֱȥǱߵ͵ͷ
еżǵµװͿҵûüҵܶû֪ڲû
ǰ̯ĵطҲǣǱһܶ࣬ڿ϶ߵĶ·ڻ֡
мûȥ̯ˣҲûǱߵҪԼŵꡣ
һп׼Щڼ٣һҲ֡
ȥǱ߿ɣָŶ·ڶԽǱ߻ܿڽأҶȥ
żµʲô˸ʱܻģûҪȥ롣
˫Ӵ͹£ֽϵƷ;ƷֿţһԳԺۡ
żżĵڸտҵʮӣϸеˣûȫ֮С
˵ǿҵüʵ쿪ҵҲ㻨ûǸҪ
󾮳ô֣ȻĵĽֵҲǽĽֵһСµװ޸ʱƬ˻֪Ҫ￪Сԡ
Ǳڹ˿Ψһ֪Ŀֻǿҵľʱ䣬Եڻûһ
̯Ƕʱ䣬ѾЩʳ͵ˣҪ֪쿪ҵ϶첻һȺŶӵˡ
ֻǻط̯Ҳǰһֽдһ棬ڷŵڽ֣ʳµİַ̯
ǵµ̯ʱѾȫ̯ͬһҪһֺù˿͵̬ȥ
һ΢Ʒƴ;ӪԴӾһ;ҪǵСԵƷƣԲװƺ͵ϻ˼¹
Ҫռȥ˶·ˣǵƷƵۣһһ˺޵顣
רѡȥ췹Ա̯߰˵ǿ˵רȥռ򱨳ġ
Ȼ۸ҲûʲôΪȥ
ʳǲ֪쿪ҵҲҪһ˶ʱý˳ôῴһµ꣬һѾҵͻ˽
ɱСڿഫʱͨŲϢһü죬ΪһϰϢݡ
ϢʱѾ̫ϰ߿ڿഫȷϣȻƬ̫ǿûʲô㣬׾ûϢֻϢܱ
طСھ㻹ĵ꾺Ҳ󣬲ᱻܶྺ£ڿഫصʺС
ż쿪ҵһر𱬣ҲҲ˲̫࣬һ١
ҲżҾ㿴ռȻżֲӰ쵽ҲĻţҿûǰˣеĻ˼һҲУǿ϶Ķˡ
ãȥ˼ҷá
ô˵ռȫˣûСʵΪʲôǷã
ĸԼ뷨ȻܰʲôƷƾӪ۰ǶֻǳƾǼҲᶮЩת׶Ļ˵
װôãʵҶ֪Ҫֻ꣬ǲ֪쿪ҵⶼûϵֻҪ֪Ǿͻһʮʮ٣ܿҶ֪ˡ
ռ룬ȷʵҲһСʱȴ֪ʱ緹ʱ䶼ˡ
һҲû£˾ͻˣ ҲҪôһġ
˵öԣҲţȥһҲûʲô
ҾûлͣϵĻһ£⣬Ҹ˵˵ҵ뷨ɡ
˵̬һ±棬ռҲ̬ûʲôõĵط
棬һȥ˵ſ˻˲ˣǼȻ꣬ľǳܵ˿ͣҲȥͬСʵǰȥ췹Ա̯߰ǣԱĵɲôɡ
ռͷԸղ˵ûǰСԵˣһأ
һʵ֮ǰ˵ģһٹʱ˵Ҳ١ǵĵ꿪Ƶ꣬Ҫ΢һӣ̫ȥͻǲ
ôһռŬ˼Ļƺ̫ףƵҲͻ
ʵǸ̫ĵˣϱȻԾӪ˾ʲôĺִܵҲе㲻ѧʴϲ鶼úܺãÿÿʲôҪ˽⣬ֻһԷҲļ
Ƕռȴòģ񽲶ٱ鶼УֱΪֹ˵ռ򲢲ǲǽӴѧϰĶ˼ʮꡣ
ҪǴ󾮳һ֮ǰеƸ꣬һҴݳƷҲУͿԾӣ⡣
ϧڴ󾮳ͶûС
һԸͻɣ˼˵һ£ڵƯúܺóԣȻҲ˿дԹ˿رţԼĶõģʱ˻᲻ǵĵˣ
ᣬͺܺáռ
һ֣ǵ껹ƯûǺóԣǻʱʱȥˣԿһ͸оеһأǵĵǲǾͻ˾õۣ
ᣬһֵĸоóҲò̫óˣҪǹ˿ͣʱ˿ܾͲ̫ˡ
ռúܿ죬ұȽĻ͸޵û˼õͬʱҲҪù˿͸ܵеΣи
û뵽ѾôԶˡռоÿ춼ֽܷµͻƣʱе㲻ţĺģ϶úܺá
Ϲĥġ˸ɵı顣
ĺеʵϰҲǽһЩƷʲôģҪǶ˼ഴ£Ҿ˵Щ˵͸
ô˵ʱڴ󾮳ܽƷƵ˿ɲ࣬ǸеˮƽҰģͦȤЩʲôأ


47 ҵʱ
˵Ҫ취һЩͬ״ģ, ֹһЩװҲҪжʽÿÿ, ܴӡռЩ, Ҳûʲôˡ
΢֪һƷʶһƷƵҲȽƬ棬ҪͣڲƷʽϡ
ʵƷưҪкܶ࣬塢бں, ÷гԤƷʣҪϴ¡ƷĻԸͼֵ۵ȵȡ
֮ƷƵĶһҲд, Ҳûкϵͳ֪ʶ, ֻ涼һЩֻ֪档
˵Ҳûһǿ
Ҳͦģÿ, ֻһЩ벻İ취ռϰһֱм, һתֵһֱ̫á
Ҳǽˣ
Щ֣˵ռĸλװӦûӴҵݲŶԡ
Ҵǰռи, ˵С̲ˣǵֹҲһСˣɼе㱾µ, ۶ûС
ûУռϰΣǰֵɣҿóò̫ãż
һֱڰװ¹򣿡
ռܲµһЩܱ̲˵;Ӫ̫ãҲӲ淴Ӧг󲻴һ˹ģѹ֪
ռʾͬóԼҵ״ҲЩǡ
û£ҪǱ߲ͻŵ꣬㲻õĶο
ţк·ˣϣǳҲԽԽãϾϰͦõġ
˵һϵ˿ʼˣռ»صǰwedfrtyukk;
ԳԵƷ׼ãԳԵĲҪͣȹ˿˿ֱøƷʡʱ䡣
ܿ˵һ˿ͣ˾뻹мԶʹǵô쿪ҵˣҽȻʹˡ
ռ˽ܿҵʾڰϵĲ˵ЩЩԳԣָ˵С쿪ʼҲӪҵ
۵ÿһһݰɡ˶ıˣϲԳԵҲÿֶ𣿡
԰͸
ǱԳԵƷеֻ̼һڹ̨˳ζ׼Ҳÿݵװģֻÿһݵķ٣֮һ
Ųֻ࣬һζԳԣѾǳгˡΪѵģõװһݾ͸нһˡ
ǸãÿԳԣԺʲôҲ򣬺ٺ١˸˰۵ǮվڵſڣȲ֡
̨ըļĶһɣܿ콭ͰҪĶˣͬðŽҶõݸһ䣺С̡
ôôࣿ˽ӹһԵģЩԾԳԵҲһһݣ̫˰ɣ
ԳԵĲһݣͳζÿ
ô໹ֻζأ˵һʱСͶ춼ͣĴָģ˼
ζôռԳҲܸˣôϲԣԺһҲӭ
Ѿ˲˵ˣֻ˵ҡͷ֣ǰи̨ɴѶŲ̋ϳԣһζŹϻش𣺡̫óˣҿ᲻ʲôҪ΢ѳԵ㣬ԺʡǮ
ռЦ˵
½½иˣռԸ䷳ÿһ˶˽ҵԼµҵʲô仯һֱ˵ĻظݣҲа
ǰ𽥱ûҪŶӵĵزΪٶȺܿ죬Щ˭ȵ˭Ҳǵù
ֹһԺ˼Ҳˡǰ̯ʱҲȥԼһ֪µ꿪ҵȫԼһҪա
˲࣬ǴСȫһһ¾ͰССĵΧˣȥַǷڶ·͵緹׷׶룬վΧۡ
˶ûռ֯ŶӣڴҵȲ͵ʱԳԵĲƷָƷ
ұ߳ԱŶӵȲֵͣȴĽǸһɨգʳ˴ҸУʹŶҲúá
ұƷζ죬ⶼ벻ǵСζҲʵڡ
ڵĻ˵ǵµһҵȦˡ
ʱбŵռҴڱ򿪣պͺ¸һʱȥϰࡣ
ÿ쿴ռŵһһû˵ĻһһĽһһۺ졣
ǰ쿴ŵ걻װôƯǰƻõռ֣պ켵ַˣϰؼҲ﷢ƢҲûٱĥ
պۿŽռŵװԽԽƣҲ֪뿪ҵԶˣȴû뵽ڽ쿪ҵϾ춼ûκοҵ
ʱǻû𴲣Ҳûҵⷽ룬һƿţ龰պ̵һ£ǰһιȥ
ϣĻǷˣ뵽Ժÿ춼ҪռͽǮ龰ô
ô£㲻˵ô쿪ҵ𣿡պѹ۶Թ𣬵¡
ҡҲû뵽޹Ҫ˭뵽ǻ͵͵ҵء
͵͵ҵôҲôأպǶԱܰúܲ⣬ǽռһֱǸʲôеģǲ˽ˣ
ɣ϶ģһֱ⣬ûʲôϢ
ʲôҲ֪
պˣֱȥ·ڳ緹³˸󣬺ʹվŶӵȺ
һ۾ͿǿСڰ壬Ȼ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ͻ׷ǰպ죬Ҹ˵֪Ϊʲôôˡ
֪ƨպƵһŷӦ˵Ļʲô˼ΪΪʲô
һһѹеĲΪﲻˣֲҷ˵ӲģǸۻԳԡ
ѹأպһİƣҲˣǿǰͣ˭ȥռˣ
ǿҵҵȻŻݣֹλСò׸˵㣬˵㻰ΪãȻҪٲˣ׵Լ
¶ԽԽҡһ뵽Ҫպ飬ԺҪһӣͷ۲ѡ
μһֱ£Ҫǲͬ⣬³𷼵һҪûꡣ
ԼҲǺܼԴռҰռͽߣͿʼռҵĺԺռҩˡ
ռھպһŮôҵԺ󲻸˭ǺҾҪͨö࣬סľһСƽʹϰĿǸˮĵλҲûռҵļҵȡ
һռҩŵҲˣպƽƽʱһ˲ƿţ׼ڹ̨ҩ
һƿͿôбôˣһԭǽǵµ꿪ҵ
պƽæתصַ濪ҵˡ
ҵˣַҲϣ˵ûʲô𣿡
Źȣȳȵߵ߹ͨҩŵĴڿ
һֲһҪΪ̯ԵģҲԼ³𷼰̯ҲͲᱻŶƵˤۡ
˵˵ȥһеùĸԴǽ
Ѿһȹˣܾôװ׾ˣȺˣٺ³𷼣Ҳ꣡ҾͲˣ



48 ĺޣ
պƽеںַ, ҲҪꣿԼҲе𣿻ʲôѽ
ַƽʱպƽôףʵպƽʱʱȴԱġ
һֱռ洫ҩǮôԵǰҲô̧ͷ, һЩҲ˵ռûʲôףҲûռ
ԲЩ, ƫƫҲЩͬĹΪûռӾԼĴ
ԽԱԽԼװÿǿ󣬶ͶպƽʨӺ
ʱպƽ, Ҳַ죬ÿ˵µʱַûʲôĻȥ, ֻô
, ҿ㿴ôǮʱûʲô¡
ȥȥȥȺ˵ɡպƽʵЩͷ
ʲô̬ȣַһëˡ
ҡûʲô̬Ȱ, 꿪꣬˰ɣ
պƽȷʵǲ̫̬Ȳ, ϴַҪȥ̯Ͳͬ⣬ֳô顣ַճԺ죬ȻûҪ꣬Ҫ̬Ⱥþ̫Ϊˡ
, ԼղžȻ޴ôȥַַ֣̬Ȳ, ̲סӲͷˡ
㿴⻹ûʲô̬ȣַ˲俪ʨӺ𣬡ΪΪʲôҪꣿΪҳԱ˳ŵǲҵԹĿܹˣ
ôһŵպƽϽվ档
պƽܺӣбŶվôˣôָһ
㿴Щ³˵ôأ˵һｵһעպƽַû취ĲˬúԺòҪ֣˵Ҫ꣬˵Ⱥ˵Ҳû
üʱַСʲôʱ˵һҿˡ
պƽֻ̾Ȼַ֪ΪʲôҪڸû꣬ԼѾˣҲϣֳʲô
ַʲôʲôأ»ôӶʮǰ˵
ַ޵ռҲñ㻳ռ򣬱ϲ£ﷴӦʵ̫ǿˣúʹ࣬ȥҽԺĶС
ʱպƽְֻԶϲҽַ˵ǴСӣ˵ʲôҲҪ
ַԼҲǸŮģһ˵ǸСӣһʲôʹ඼ܿˡ
ֻʮİĥˣԲ˯ãôҩҲãֻǸɰкӣܸоһЩ
ڰ׶Σû뵽иʹں
ԤڣӿʼܣѾʱˣȴٳû
ʱҲʼżˣΪʱ䣬˼ҵһǸеͣһ˴ϡ
үӸоԼѾ̫żӣڴֿһӣպƽշȡҩ˸ַȡ
һȿɾͻˣֱַӻԹȥպƽҽʱû¸صĺ
֮˻ѵģӭ˷䡣
ʹ|ҲΪ̼Ϊʹ࣬ǰιȥΣԼҲȥιŹء
ڰѺˣַ˿
пʵû꣬ž͵ͷһӾȻǸŮ
ˣڲϾ˵ҪˣӾרĥģƭкƭʮ¡
Ȼӵ
Ҳϲӣ෴رᡣ
ܾĥһʱôνѣ˵ӾǸǣԺӸţܽͷ֮ޡ
ɵռһڣүӾˣַȷռǸǡ
ΪʲôռСôܴСôĿԭ
ǵ˵պƽҲţΪϸôͻȻѹǣϸ׵ҲûüռҩŵĿҷӡ
ǸӾ˵ΰٲʹ٣ռҩŴĴұΪ˲ôұռÿ˶ֻڴ
֮⣬ַҲʱԹͷӿĲҩǵûպƽַҲЩΡô֮⣬Ҳĳɷ֡
ַ϶Ҳûٸպռǵ˵ŵպСռ
ѡռڼŮҲΪѾռԹġţռźǣͬʱֿԸռҴڽӴ
ֻǺǽӣûӲ˵ҲԽԽ
ַǲռҲҪﲻѽŮ
ϧռͬ⣬һߡ
ԺǶϾ˹ϵȻַȻޣϣռǹñȽлӻҪҡ
ڸշּҲһ£ȴǸǺǸԽԽãھȻˣͿɣ⻹ôã
ǽַôܵˣְǸ壡

ռ˶ֻæԼ飬ȫûպǴӵǰ߹Ҳ֪бŵպƽӻΪǿҵ졣
ߣȷʵ罭˵Ϊҵǰûκʱ˲ûǰ̯߷ʱôࡣ
֪ܶʱѾԹˣٳҲѾû˽Ԥ㣬ʵ̲סҲֻ΢һ㣬߾ͳһԳԵƷ
󲿷Ƥ񣬲ǮѾͲ˼Գѵģ佭ŪԳƷһСһСݰãǲǮߣһֲ԰õĸоϹȥ
Ϊǰ̯ʱһŶ͵ĺܶ˶ûеĹ˿ͻ潭еź˽˵ϧ˭˭˭û
ǻ˵ڽСԺ֮ǰóԣֻôʵڲѧ
Լûʲôź緹ʱ̨ɾ̿𣬽ž͵׼͡
͵ӻˣҪ֤Ʒʰȫ˵
ժΧȹ¥ϴ˰ֻ¨Ҫţռȥˣڼҿɡ
Ȼ緹֮ǰʲôտҵŵ겻ôְŹϣֻһȥһꡣ
ȥɣһˣЪһռҪЩʲôС
ҲҪƷʽЩƷ֪ôԲ֪Щʲôˡ
û£ϺɵģһҲۡҲܶ࣬ˣһͻ
ȷʵɣһǿ˲࣬³̨ǰ̯ʡܶ࣬ر˳֡
ռȷʵ״̬ͦãתһ룬ԼȥҪûԣûæֻᵢ£Ҳûټ֣ǺðɣǾ㣬²ƷһˣһʱԺӡ
ܻǼ򵥵Ĳʽ׵ġѾ²ˣҲռֻ֮ǰҲ̫øһ֪ˡ
ã·Сĵ㡣
ռûֳ֮ɫﻹˣ͵Ʒֻ֣ȴҪ֡
ͿǱ͸Ӷˣİѱѹ磬˵ǿҵϢᱻкܶ
ʱеѹһҲûţϽȥ׼鶼ˣ뾡ȡʱ䣬ȻȽſʼ׼ʱ
ͬʱҲ²͸ҪƷֻЩʲôóԵأ


49 Űɣ
ʱ, ˻ˣһ¨𣬶Ϊز, ϻһڴ
ռһôˣѹ, ˲ʽ²ƷЩʲôһʱѲȥϴ˳ϴ
̫żʱ仹ܶࡣżӣЦ
ܱ˺, ҰѸ׼Ķ׼ˣռȰѲ˸ϴ, Ъһ͵ÿʼˡ
ǵ³Ȼ, Ϊƽʱ׼ȣϴ˳غ̨úܿվһϴвһ㶼Ҳϴ˳رһϴˡ
æһҪͣЪŵģõúܣɲǰˡ
պõͲע, ǲ̫ˡ
İɣ, ԼôԼܸо϶ǿġ
ʩǰúܶ࣬󣬸ɻǿ, ܿ˾Ͱһ˶ϴˡ
ôռʣ浣æ¸ϲ緹ʱ䡣
Ъ, 
ſڣͲ˵ֻԳԵĲƷԳԻȫƷͲԳԣֻۻ
÷۱д͵Ĳ˵ǰ̯ʱĲƷԭھɲ˵·дĲƷ
嶹  1.5Ԫۺ1Ԫ
ɫ  2Ԫۺ1.5Ԫ
⵰  3Ԫۺ2Ԫ
󾮼@  2Ԫۺ1.5Ԫ
ⶼЩʲôռд꣬һûҲ󲻳ʲôӡ
ֶȡģ׼ϣһٿҪֲԸġ
Ӱ̯ɿ꣬ǹڲ࣬ƷƼζּȻ䣬Ҫ⼸Ҳӡ
ϾҲûѧֻܻʳĿ￴ԼǰԹСԣЩ򵥵ܱ֤óԡ
Բ˵ܶطܳÿһҲпɲյԭ͡
ɫմյֻƷ͵϶ܴ룬ֻܲοеԭϴ档
⵰棬ɫ࣬Ҫյǹ㵺յͬϡ
󾮼@⣬οǼ@
ЩƷֻǲοҲζЩڵĿ϶кܴ죬ֱáա㵺աǼ@⡱ĲôвøռͣҲжǼСԵĲ֮ӡ
ɲ˵׼ռڽȥ˵ʱ׼ˣֻʣ²Ʒ
еĲƷǹõģһ׼˸ͳֹ
ռ׼زϣ顢ײ˺˿ȥƤгɷмпһ̦鱸áͶƤˮݷֳɵ̶ѿҲѾϴ
׼ϼƽ֭顢廨÷гƬﱸãг򵽵ĸֿζĽϵɸζĽ֭ͬƷĽ֭Ҳ֡
Žٰĩлһ飬κ͵ζƷڡռۼˮͼŨĺ״εζ
ɫͶ⵰涼Ҫõĳɲ˵ĴͰ湲ã˹ˮİռѾ׼ˡ
嶹ʹ󾮼@ҪǰɰƷͬ˷ֹһһ֡
ռݷõͶƤгķ״õڷͶƤϣ״ŵ
ŵ͹ը̳Ʒˡ
ʱͶƤ@ҲˣȡͶƤŵĳڷϣгɼӴССΣǼ@İƷ
һ׼ڿЪһˮЩ׼ѣ٣ȫҲǺ۵ġ
ʱ䣬ռ°໹аСʱ⼸²Ʒ㳢ɣðѰѹأҪǿζвʵĵطҲʱ
ð׼ʱܿܺóԣ˭Ͻ˵Լȳһ飬ʱеףռȰ緹ˣһ˵˵һ˻ܶ࣬ʱ㲻óԷûʱ䡣
еһ㣬һһݲࡣ
⵰桪
ˢȸְˢһͣҨСڸְ̯˼ƤҨһƺõĽ֭ƤϣƤһײ˿Ͷѿѹƽһ㱡ƬЩκͺۣһ潬棬һӷ塣
Աˢһͣӵζϳ졣
ڸְϴһɼ
ֵһ𣬳·м䣬ϵƺõĽϣϺ̦СУװ̡
⵰󹦸ɣԼʿˮʵ̫ʳˡռԱ߾̾ѣöó԰Ҹо۸񶨵ˡ
ɫ
Ҩһ˿˿СУӵζϰȡ
ȸְˢһͣõϵְϣùԲα״żƬ廨⣬һӷ档
˱ͺ壬ƣ廨佹ðͣƽϣװ̼󹦸ɡ
ۣŰɣռҲЩ̲סˣǻʳҪֻżܲˣ̫ˡ
ЩԼģֻвο¸ʵһЩѣɲ˾ͽŲλд顣
㻹ǫأ
ʣµ嶹ʹ󾮼@Ҫöࡣ
Ѿը͵ĶŵȸְϣϵƺõĽ֭֭ϴлɳ
@СӷŽ͹ըƣ̳Ͻ֭ͬϴлɡ
ĸ˰ڲϣ⿴Ӻζ޷ֿ
⵰ʳͲһģСֳݣռһһ롣ɫҲпһ˰嶹ʹ󾮼@ԡ
⵰ɫǵģ߲˺棬ÿһڣ춼⵰Ͳ˵ζɿڵĽϣֽвθУÿһڶһܣҸɡ
嶹ըĶе㽹ĿڸУ֭֭ƵĽϣζҲˡ
@⣬ͶƤըݣںǽϵζͶƤĴ㣬ɿڵڣر㡣
ʳǰʲôԵò԰ףֻ˵ʳ˼ʵֵ̫ˡ
ó𣿡ռԵýζҲ㣬ûʲô飿
óԣ̫óˡռȵͷҡͷûн飬Ļʲô飿ֱ
廹ûԹٺóԵĶʹޣܶ϶ʡ˵ģԼҲ⼸ƷóԵ޿ޡ
ķ˵Щеģʵ̫óԣܿԵþ⡣
극ռ򣺡ղ˵۸񶨵ˣ
ое㣬ռ⵰棬ô㣬ʲôУһ㹻һ˳Աˡ
һ鿴
ÿһּһ飬һݵĳɱٸƷԱȣȷʵǮһеˡ
ɣ˵Ӧòࡣ
ã࣬ռͷͬǾһʱ䣬Ҫǲٵ
ȥѺڰϵļ۸ˣ⵰ĳ壬ۼ塣
һ緹ڴ󲿷˵ѾͦˣʱһǮһ룬ӽͷҲһ塣
⼸ƷĿǸСĲ˵ݡǰ̯ĲƷǡͶˡƷĶλΪжˡƷԺ󻹻Ƴ߶ˡƷ
뷨ǣͬλĲƷ㲻ͬȺ
СбƸ񣬼ȻƷƣڲƷ趨ϾӦøϡ
ʱˣԤĹ¯һˮǵĲƷǴ͵ģúȵ壬ǰһ˿ṩ
ռҲ׼˽ӴʳͣվڵǰٴοСڰϵĲ˵ĥ
⼸Ʒζû˵Աḻϣ۸Ҳ󡣵ǵǮͲˣ治֪жѵûס


50 ¡
緹ʱ䡣
Զ˽, Ԥ˻϶࣬ûôࡣ
ռոոԾλ׼дˣͻȻͷߴߴľ͸һȺ, ЩǵϹ˿ͣЩ, Ϲ˿͵ĻĽġ
ҽпҵ϶ҲвǱҵ
һ̫࣬ռе⧲ϽŸ, ٰԳԵСԷָҡ
ԳԵС׼㹻࣬Ȼ˵Ҫ顣ҶͬʱĿˣеѵĶеû, ǿ϶óԲ˲ˡ
Щ˳ԳԿ, ϵһҪ侪ΪϲеζԳԿֻζհʳ𣬶ͳ, Ҳ㣬Ŷӵµ۵ĲƷ
һ˵ϵļ۸, 󲿷˶ֻɿĲƷ
ʮ˵ʱĿͻȻ˸Ķ⵰档
Ѿõ͵ĺͻû͵ģʵܺǸʲôֻ˭Ҳ̫Ǯ
һ˵, ȫ쳤ӿ
ƤӲ˵ʱΪˣû뵽Ȼڲ滹Ҫһ⣡
ʺ죬ƬƬ⼡֬׻, Ϻõ÷⣬۵ĵطҿˮһء
žͼϵֽһЩ潬Ϊؿ϶ˣȻһ⣬Ǽ۸Ҳˡ
û뵽ڳ̨ϳ棬˼
ʲô˭ļ棿ôģ
һûôٰɣҲû˵㰡
ǣ㿴Ǳߺڰûдм氡
ڵۡ
Ƭ֮泴ˣҲˣ££Ǹ棬òӽõǸ˺һĶѹ˳ͼ档
ʲʲôһݣ
ҳԾѣ쿴ɵˣѾõ͵Щ˶ԵһͶĽĿ⡣
һзˡǰЩţҧָףȫעݶ⵰档
潬ƬʱеʧǶȻŲ廹ǹˣýǴ۵ģۿۼۣ͵İɡ
˿һôĳһ弦Ǿֵ̫ˣ̲ס¶ЦݣûȽѲװøлллۣ̫ˡ
лл٣á͵ݸʺĹ˿ͣѳԵʲô
Ǿ⵰ĳ󣬺ĿͻȻԥһʱò⡣ȻԸǰǸһģʵɬ
˲ͷˣʼߵ㲻㰡ȵ㡣
ȵ㡣λһԣÿڴһͣҲûչ塣
һģҲڴǮһһݶ⵰棬ٵһݳղŻԳһСԣܳԱˡ
ǰλһ˺ϵһݣܵϧɨһۣûһʶġ
ֻǮʽϰ壬ղ˵Ǹɲԡ
ŵ˶࣬ӣû˵ȫ˼ѾȷһͶˡ
˵ǸշּʱຮˣҪǴʱֻôһˣ붼ͬһݣëǮҲûʲô˵ġ
Ǻ滹ôأܲȫëǮ˵ǰջ˵Ҳƽ
ǶҸƼǸɫҲв⣬ۺһ壬ëǮӸ弦
УҾǸ弦һ
ϲǮǮӣϵľʧ򽭿Ͷ͸мĿ⡣
ǵûֱӾܾ˸ѽ顣һһݲͣǮӼǮôһȴԵϿԣӣ˹⡣
ɫ˼Ҳв⻹м˺⡣
ǰ˴Ҳ֪Լõʲôˣܶһ˶ѧƴǮһģһ˵ģһ̯ͲóԤ̫ࡣ
Ҳв˶Σɫ
ԭΪͻȻ仹
ռһһҲΪ̫ȥˣĵȻʵ֪ûʵ֮ǰһжжۡ
æһˣʱѾ緹߷ʱΣǴڶ˽
һӶൽŵж鶼Щ̫Ӱ쵽˼ҵĵ̡ռֻðŴŶӣС
бŵպƽٿҩ棬ַַҪ濴֪᲻ᱻ̼Ѫ
Ȼôع棬еַжߣԼܵſڿ
һֱӾˣɴ˫ۣȽڶҲڶȫ˵
ŵײײصȥպƽΪȵɤˣ㡭ǲǶˣ
ʲôˣպƽ򶨡
氡ôôõ⣿ǲǸʲôԻҩˣ
ѽСֵģǿҵ¡Ϊסַպƽװһָƣںӣ˵Ѱ͵ģ˭ռˣ
Ŷ˵öԣôû뵽ַȻ򣬡Ҹŵãˡ
ԼԼպƽһ
һҲûﷴܲ
ȻãȻô̯¾ܹǮꣿÿҵסַأأ
Ӵǿˡ

õȫ˽ռϣе㵣æᵼϰٵ
ϼӿٶȣܼͬʱĲͶͬʱЧʡ
ҸķգռҲżҴкŶӣԼҲȥｭæ
Ҫ˵һ̧ͷǰһȺˣһ۾Ϳ˭㣡ôˣ
ЦŻ֣СǳһȺͬ£һʮˣû뵽ɣףǿҵ¡ѽ
ռæȥӭӣлл㣡ллң
ȫԱأʵûˣⰡҲЩ
ô⣬Ҹ˻ءռ򼤶òˣôԶרŹʵ
˶ˣȻһٸӭģ˵ô鷳ֻ
ôأһȦŵȲ͵Ķæ˰ɣҪҪæ
òãæùġռʾҵЪϢôԶˣȵһ
ǹǸռȻҪԼͣͬݣҲŶӣҪæ˵ǰ㡣
ҪкˣǱҪæռеļ١
Ҫֻһ˵кȥｭԼϰ壬˼רأֱ߿ʡ
СǸϰ壬һۿżռ㲻ǣæʲôȥæġ
ûµģҵкˡռЦЦ
һŵæһͷڳ̨ϵĻֿ̌һֱһ֪ռżʲôˣҪȥϹæɣ㿴æˣǰкš
ռ򱻿Ҳ˵ԼæֻҪԼϰкˣǵĶǼͣȻ˶࣬ٶȺܿġ
Աиͬºۼʱռռȥɣк
˵ǸռϵܺõռҲͲٿˣлл㲻˼Ǿһ¡
ȥɡѸռЦ⡣


51 
ռ, ϴѸϵΧȹһһһһѲӣͽ빤״̬
ǵռʱʱæ, ЩǶ׼ס
̨㹻̨ͬռվ̨ǰ, ʾ⽭ŲһŲλá
æʱֻ⿴һۣ˿ڳʱŤͷȥ
Ŀԡ˲˵ʲôӶЦæ
Դ, ռֻദһ£˿һɲǻĸоȴѾϤòϤ, ĬòĬ
һ˲Ķ, ̺ǶԹͬŬȡóɼοǶԱ˴˵κͿ϶ҲǶδŵϣЦ·һУһֶôղ
ҲþԹͨռС족˰̯ʱĲƷרĲƷ
ĲƷռѾ, ֺֿáĲƷȻҲˣû, ²ƷҪһЩΪʱô²̫ʺѧ
һٶһӿһ, Ȳ͵ĶǰŲٶȿʼӿ졣
ЩںĿ˸ոҲżúܣģʱ䲻, 绹Ҫϻصλϰࡣ
һǰŲڷˣʼ쿪Ц
㿴˼СڣĬģ˻˵ȴɵֿ
ɲɻôרѧһ˵ǰʱŰ̯ѧġ
ǰ˵ˣ˼Ұ̯Ű£ѾܹǮˣҪôõ
㿴Ǹ̨ӣʹ峴ըɶܶУҲ֪ģǰûġ
Լİûǰ̯Ǹһأհ̯ʱҿúЦĶóԣǸǳ˵㣬Ǻʹأͬʱźüڹװӿʱߡ
ӣǲǸ㿴ڹﵱƵģǲһӣ
ǣǲ˷ѣôһŪͦÿ㿴յƣǲһ챣
ƣ԰챣ϸ㷢ֲˣ̫вˡ
˱۱ϸ棬ŷڲͬЩװ޵ĵ棬ٶЩǧƪһɣȱص㡣
һ궼ԼƵİɣƵ֡
šпܡǸ̯ȫò°͵ͷ
ͻȻûԼƵģҷˣǿ¥ϴǸĻǰ̯Ƥ¯ӡǱǸ߽ǰ̯ʱ֧ܡ
ۣļٵģ˸ž̾ôһŪʵֺÿʡǮ˲š
껹úܺÿСϰ峤Ҳ㣬ķóԣҲѹá
ſʼԵķƫ
˵ǰϵģҲߣôǰû
ˣ˵㣬סߵƽʱҲѼţǰǶ˹ڼռҩɻҲһţļȥⲻϸ²ŷּҳ𣿡
Ŷ
ܿ죬ռǰȫ֪ˣû꣬ѾֵǵֻͣøϽͣ£ȡ˲͵һٱ߳Աġ
֪ռǰжңôֵļҺ˶ΪǴ򱧲ƽҲΪܰеˣﻹͦǣôʱôĳɼ
Ǽ˹󣬿ûٳȺһܶ࣬½½
ٶȳ˶ٶȣ𽥱̣ڳŹæĸ߷ڡ
ռҲп϶۲һ̧ͷȥôŹȥôˣǻڶ棿
ԭΪ˲ӰˣһпǾǰţԼһֱվ档
Ҳռ߿ЦŶĴָ
ȥǰɣһ˿ˡ
ãҳȥ
ռΧȹû£߳ȥ㣬ǻøϻȥϰ࣬ˣȥȸǾٵһ
û£ס첻żȱĿ˶˵Ӱ쵽ǡ
ż𣿡ռһȻżǲҸԼһˣһһ԰ɣǻҪһġ
ûϵģȴҶ˵ġæȥɣùǡ
վôãռֹⲻȥڲæˣ㣬ǽһȵˮ
ûӻһˡ
ѣ
ǸѲ죬˼ǰΪǳͷæ϶˶Ǻףռһء
磬ǳлҪǲżȵһ
żżռ˵һһԣѻһ˼Ǿģ綼ûϵǿҵҲ˵һҸող֪ʲôû׼
̫ˣżУǴҶһռǻܣ㣬磬ǵѣ磬㣬ϰ塣
ƽʱܴòԴк͹ȥˣǽڰϲ£Ҷܸ˼ӣϲ£İ֮䶼Զࡣ
һһᡣã
ѸܻȽԵʶͿʼ̸
ѣ֪ҲǵģԼͬУ˹ͬ⣬л˵ˣһʱͣ
ôһģռҽЪϢ¡
ռҲ˼ԱЩֲʧòš
Ǽһϴ˼Ůϰĸû꣬ҲɰͰͿ죬к߿ˣϴȥŶȥˣҪʲôǰ򡣡
ȥԼԼľУùҡѴһӣһ˴ȥŶӣԼ̸
ߵһȺͬ£Ҳ㿴ҿ㣬ղȥŶȥˡˣҲʣ¼ˣ緹ʱѾˣȥŶҲӰ졣
ռһˣһôվҲ£ĬĬȥݲ衣
ΪҪھӳԷͲ豭ǰ׼˵ģһʮһõǰĳǿŵģҵ衣
ҪòŸģ˶߿ҲеΣڿռ˲û˸ѵߣȥȵɡ
߹¸һֻعһȺߺȲߵŽ֮һݲ͡
ûˣҶýͣЪڳĶԼˣż
ռ߽ȥȥҴһʣµ
Щۣ賿̫磬һֱæڣղŵʱæøƵģ԰̯۵һΡ
ռҲûţ㲻Ҳ۰ˣ˳־ˡʣĶֻܴ࣬պϳԣҿôһ±ȽϺá
᲻˰ɣһʣµĶѾ࣬ռҲ˲˭⣬æʣµķˡ
Ϊϵ˻Ƚ϶࣬׼ʱѾ׼ˡ
Ҫ꣬͵ʱ򻹿Գԣû뵽ȫ⣬ʣµʮ˶û취ղ˵ÿ˴ճݡ
๻ǲٰ˵ϵ´һ£Ȼһ԰ɡ
Ҳֻˡ
һ£׷һЩ߲˻һЩ÷Ƭ廨ƬҲʣһ㣬Ҳм˷ݵ
йͼЩ棬ٴЩͲһȫɣȻ׷ҲˣϻʣµĶͼ@⣬Ӧùˡ
ã档ռǸԤ¯ϻһڹˮ
С򼦵ٰʣµ߲˷һ顣
˿ֹһּˮǴ򼦵ģһ¾֪ôˡ
̨ǰʽֵܣ׼Ķˣǲǻæʲôѽæˡ


52 ȱæ
ʵʵ˵û, ʣĶȷʵˣԲסңֻܽһ, »زϡ
˵ʲôĿľϣúãʲôûǾ, ⲻǺ𣿡ѵæˣǻسԵˡ
ôУ˾͵ðѷߡȻֻӴ, ˱Ƚ˽⣬ֱˬлִӲûõ, ֶ˵, Ҹæɡ
ʲôæ㾡˵ŵ
кһ¿ˣҽһͺá
תͷһۣҲʶ⣬Լνǲ˸һ֦ҶȺ, ȫŮͬǵչܵ㡣
˼æչ˿, ǲǰԼ˵˼ѡ
ڽ˵İԼ˿ҡ
Уû, ˡ
߻شҸǰȶһ¶ｻЩʲôվ뿪ˡ
ȻòضǵСǻеæ, кңλҵɡ
ԼǸϴ֣ԴԼĿʱһ򶼺⣬ϸ΢дǰд³һ©ѱֵЩͣվñֱ˵ţҲű˸롱ơ
ǰʱˣ̲סЦˣҲеⲻסϽлԼ˾˽ݣлл㲻ùǣҶѣͺˡ
ԣ㣬棬ͱϣһ
СʮͬʱԵúӵ
طСĶһĿȻѸˮʹ˸ɫЩ豭ȥϴ
ռϽЩ˼ط̫СˣеҿԵԺһǲ˼鷳
ˣԼˣÿѵ
ռ̫ˡ͵
ôСȷʵҶӺ߳ȥԺ
Ժһ򳡲ֻΡ
Ժͦðѵ滹濴滹ж졣
˻ɳ󣬴ɳ˦˦ȥǧɳ̫ٴͺˡ
ǺöǸ̾

ΪԷ˶࣬ռ˺ܶһԳ£ֳɼγ泴ٳ
ܿˣһڵϣٰںá
ȥϰɡռ
ãڸСɡʾͬ
ס¼Ҽµ꿪ҵôԷأѾǺܼ򵥣Ǹϡ
ʱ̼ˮǱȽԵεϣƽʱڲźȣƿǶԿ˱ﾴ⣬ҲЩϲ졣
ռæţſڲӭײһСӡ
ϰСﺰһϴǼ𣿡
ռһ£ⲻ֮ǰһһҲ֪ȥˣղ̫඼ûһ
ֻСһֻһֻӣĶܳһֻżƿϡ
ȥˣϽϴء
ϣһЩ⣬ϴȥ׼ġСϵĶϰҪȥ
ôרŻȥأﶼа
ռ˲ϾʲôϰԼˣϽˣԼȻȥ˸С̡
˴㹻ˣҲʲôˣСתһȦƿơ
Ҳǽӵ˺֪ѻȥԵĺȵģҲǴдϸʱ֪ǵĶòˣ˻ȥŪһЩ
һӴ򿪣±ͷ⡢±㡢⡢һֻռȫʮ˳Եˡ
Ҳ̫ˣȥôණ
ˣʲôѽǻسõģҿﲻúǺ¡ѵʳõİƽʱûҰǴᣬżҪԵҲûʲôͱҿˡ
УҾͲˡ
ְ֮֮ͬ㣬ŪôʱСƽҲЩ˽⡣
ǵλʳҲ˵µʶǸںӣͦ£뵽ôϸĵط
УպϹȥɡѵǳղôҪСƵģôóԵķˣҹȫûԸؼҳԷˡ
ҹЦһ¾ͻԾˡ
һռ˾ƻԸϵĺϣԸȾƵĺȾƣѱӵٱ죬ףؽռס¼ҿµ꣬ף¡
緹ô֣Խռ˵֮ϲ˵ס¼Ҫ¼ЩԽԽãѶǺܸл
ǼһֱֵһӲߣٷҲʽѴҵĹϵˡ
˵ѺǽǷּҳ󣬽ϵΪѣټһ
ּǰǸûʲôѡ
һΪǱţûʲô˽һҲΪԸѧʱͬѧҲûһǹϵõġ
󲿷ֶֹͬѧϵмǻ̫˳ۣǰũóгǵޡ
ߺ󣬽ռֻ΢ϢƬ̣ʰͳֵ̨ȥˣϻҪͣĲҲ׼
ᣬǲ׼ЩĲƷһЩóԹܱļҳˡ
***
һæµȥ̫ɽھ½ͻˡ
ǷѾ׼ã˻ȥΣԼҵط̫СҪԺϯ
綼ˣұȽ⣬ЩھСУҲ࣬ԺԷõѡ
ײΣԼҵһףԺʮˣ๻ˡ
˶òˣռõķ˶
ն˼ˣͼڴҲ˹ÿ˷ֳݣֱڵϡ
ǶһһըСϺһϺƬǼ򵥷ĲʽֳɵСϺϺƬ͹һը͸㶨˶ģð͡
󾮳ǱһСĺӣСϺࡣÿõܿͱˣܶ˼Ҳ򲻵˼ҲŹڵʱųԡ
ϺƬϡزģ۸񲻱ˣҲרͷ˽ڲųԵζ
ֵǮһŪʵռһ㣬Ƕ׼ˣôأ˻ȥ
˻ȥʲôҶ˵ˣԺѾܾûˣס¼ҿµ꣬ﶼЩóԵģһú֡
ռͽһͷˮ
Щ˿ܾǾϲԶûѹֽҺñҪ硣
ûŪô£˼Ҳ׷׶Ų˳ȫͷ˽ڲųԵĺòȡ
Ժ˶߳Цףǡ
˶˺ܴĳڵһʱ֪ηӦ
ŴҰѲ˶ÿˣѾӰˣ˲γѡ
ллңıжˣԴ΢΢Ƿ
Ǽﻹвˣȥռ
ȱæˣδүһ߳ͻȻ˵䡣


53 ʧ
δү˵Ҫ˵, Ժ˲ž
ЩҪ˵ʲôϾԼռ˲ǡ
δүǵ¸صĴ, Ҳֻܰš
δүɤӵӽ쿪ʼССվʽΪԺ, ܲԺҶϲǣҲϿǡ
ҹơһ£δү˼ǴǰǻǴԺһԱ, 쿪ʼ㣿ҸҹҵģΪʲôҪϣ
ȥĵط࣬ʶ, һӷӦ, Ժǰʱ˼ҺϽģǱȡůС
Ȼ𳣼ϽǱкˣԺʵ̫СҲǲܡԺ˼ңŽһµϰ߻
ڽ˵ЩҪ, δҲһֱ
ʹ˿ܶǻЩֻδ, ҲȫòŸ˼ƽϣҲŹƲлңлδү
ռһۣҲŹл, óһ˿˿Ĳζ
ҳԵúܿģһ˺δүȵö, ̸˵˵۹ţ˺ܶࡣ
һ˴̲̫ߣȶ˵ƾŽ˵
Ѿ극ˣǴﶼڳԳԺȺ٩ɽҲû£ֻţҲû÷˵
˵˰ϻͻȻЦŵҸ㰡ܵõǵϿɴǰ˱ĸ֣ãǼ䷿ǰ˵ҪסǷˣԺӵ˼ҿɶ汲һ߹ģ˵ǲͻȻסһˡ
üΪʲôֻͬסأ
˽˵֪ΪʲôպƽҪǷ䷿Ϊ֪ǴԺǸסҲǲҶˣȥǵǰʱҲû˵ʲô
ллˣͷȻǾҪ¶޽ͷˡ
ǿɲʵ˴չԴѹ˵ʵҲ˲ͬģֻδү˼Ҽ֣û˸Ҷ˵㿴ǲǺеüΪѺ˱
Ѻ˱ʲô˼
ǵӡ˵˵ʵڵ˭뵽ܴ̣˵ԺӣĵطҲỶӭǰɣ
šҲ̫Įܶʱʵ˭ҲûǵĴûףһŮһӣף˭ỶӭžͲˡ
㿴ڴҶϿˣҲǴеһӡҶһף¼ңִԺӹûйء
лл̫ˡ
֣
ϯһֱڲŽɢ󽭿ռпʰĳŵꡣ
Ǻܿĵһ죬ʰŵʱռȴ̫ˣĬһͻȻôԼԼģԼŬ£ҪϿɲУ
һŸһҲ˸ˣ˸˵ʲôûҪȥ
ҾǾ֣ѹǰ˵Ժе⡣ռƾʲôԼҵ»Ҫָָ㣿
ټռôʱ˵¼̫ˣԭģúòŪɽٿ۶ֵãû뵽Ҫ˵˵ǡ
û£οֻЩ뷨ʵǻӭǵģ㿴ʱҲǶ𣿡
н첻Լ𣿻Ǯִ췿ӣźòŪõңȴúǵĹһ
ôԭΪ˽⣬뻹ǰ˵ʲôĻ
Ȼͦ˲Ҳ˵ûŲסȻڻ֪ʲôء뿪㣬Ļ߷С
ţδүǸˣûǡ𵱳ּҵ飬ռ̾һĻǵ͹Ұ֡պƽˣԭ޼ҿɹ飬ϣ𡣡
ȥˣЩˡ²ҲգֵãοǰҲãڵҲգʲô뷨ȥɣҲסһӣ˾Ͱȥĵط
ȥİŪôãΪǣǾ͵ðҰɡռܾȣΪΪԺ˶ѡ
¼ѾܺˣȻС˵㣬¸װ޺ȫֺܰҾҲܺãԴ棬ռҵĺԺҪסôõķȥ
ԺҲ㽹ˣúϰ࣬ڼҿ꣬ҪǽæҲԻһæǮٰѱӵȼҵ룬ӻԽԽá
֪ûҪĿҪԶöࡣ
ϱӳǮʲôȱڳǮʲôȱ嶼תϱûϧĲƸ
ûϵ㿴ǸմռҳôȡôõĳɼҪǰ۹ٷԶһ㣬Ұٷſһ㣬ǲǻиõĿԣ
뷨ǣ⻰е飬ռҲ֪ʲô
һһɣŬ꿪ã϶һֱС굽ϣҵ׳󡣡
Ժ󿪸ĵꣿǶ࿪ꣿ
԰пܵġ˵̫̫㣬Ŀǰռ˵϶󣬽ֻ˵Щʵʵڵģȿڵĵ꣬ʱ˾Ϳѡõķչʽ
ڹС궼ôæˣ㻹Ҫչ׳ҾܼͺˣСҪȶҲܹúܺõģۻˡռɵЩǣҪ治㣬һͷϰְɣһ㡣
ͲְҪһСӵϰҪ༸
ǱߺܺռǸ֪ͼˣȻҪʱھ߼룬ԶҲ̫Ӱ֣ҲüȰְֻһԼ
԰Ҫǲȱ֣ҵ㣬ͻɡ
쿴Ҫǵ⻹æҾʹְ
***
·סĵһϣռ˯ú㡣˷ּҺһηԾ¼סźʣҲܺãԼ䣬ȥԺбûǮϴ衣
Ȼ˵㲻죬ҲӰи顣
ȴʧˣǴԽ۵һ죬ѾƣƤȴ쳣Ծ
ǰܶ鶼Ժζβ
ᷭ˸ռȵĺø˼άҲһ߰Ƭתϡ
뵽ּʱֻŵһʱռңȻٶȸ
ʱȻûŮ֮ĸ飬һֱĴмΪʼնôãΪԱǿ
еѡÿ£ҲΪԼҲΪ˰οϸΡ
Ը飬Ҳ֪Ѿоӡ
ʱ룬ֻҪ˿ຣԺˣͿһ˵Ȼ飬ҲܹӦеĺ
ЩӦģֻںԽԽȲʱǸνʱˡ
о˵᲻̫ĵˣţ϶ͬ顣
˵ҪѾоˣҲģ˵ʵ̫ˣжѹ
ӺңƣһϮԻ粻ȻԾĴƤȫʱӰҲ֮ȥ


54 Ժ
֪Ժ˯˶೤ʱ, ϶һ˿˿ʱˣҲ
ռ˯ú죬ʵ̫, 嶼ûѡ
´صȥϴ, ¥׼
𴲵Ԥ˳ʱ䣬һ׼Ҳϵϡ
׼ɣԼԵ緹, ׼¥ȥռ𴲣ռҲżæŴ¥ϳ
ʲôʱģҪ緹ǲǶû׼ռճ¥ݾʵ
׼ˣ緹ɡŻ, ͷ, ̲סЦǲǻûˢ
ռһؿڣ˯̫ˣôң׼, ȥˢ
ϴ¥緹ʱʣʲôʱģһ׼ǵ簡嶼û, ǲǱˣ
Ҳģ̫ˣ˯Ҫȥϰء
㻹һ, ڼԵϰ໹ۡռԹдŵԺԼ͵͵ˣ˵õһ׼ġ
ʲôʱ˵ˣЦ, ҵĹǰΪæԼȫöô˼ҪæأҲԼĹҪ
ҲҵĹôտҵҪ쿪ˣ

ۿ룬֪ǰԼΪʲôôбˣԭǰǱȽǿƵġ
㿴۵ã춼ûΪʲôҪǿ׼׼úúõ𣿡
Ϊ廹ûͱˣȥ˿Բ׷쿪ʼˡռ˶٣ˣҽȥְ£ǵжæҲ֪ģ쿪ʼҪҲӦûͬ⡣
ãҲСͷ
ռЦո˭˵ԼĹţԼһæùҪæ
û˵Ȱ̫Ȱ˳ȰһµĻᣬŹҪǴְĹ϶ҲҪӣÿҲᷭͦõġ
ǣȥϰ಻һ£Ԥ֧һ¹ʣռǱ߲̫ôְǵĽ̫ۣһˣȸһ£ֻҪӰ쵽ǱߵĻͬġ
³̨˹Чʣ׼Ĳǰһ£ͺ͵ʱͲҪռæˡ
˼٣ռҲȥϰ࣬緹ͳˣ½һ͡
緹ȥľߵ˺ʼǱһרż¼ףӰ̯ĲƷȫ¼±˼ӷŵŵ걳ǽװμϡ
ŽСڰɾдϽĲ˵˱쿪ҵõɵĲʽûдϣȡ֮Ľ±Ĳȥгˡ
***
²Ʒջ£緹ʱʳǿ˵£ǵûٻ²Ʒ᲻óԣµĲƷ
ֻ²ƷȴûԵĿˣ컹챣
Ʒ;Ʒϰյú׼׼ĲƷꡣ
ҶÿƷĻҲĬĬţٰһʼǱ¼
ڱʼǱϻһһдƷƣҲгֲ۸񡢷óɱʱɱʳǲƷܻӭȡȵȡ
ȻԼŪ˸ѧʽÿһƷһóֵƵʣÿγҪ죬ÿ׼ٷݣȫ˼ڱ
ԺÿСڰϸ²˵ʱоݿһǾݷĿѧݡ
޶ȱ֤ÿ˵Ŀѧԣ˷ʱͽǮ
ûеԣʹеҲûкĸֹֻ¼İ취
ҲǶ̬ģʵʱ£һ£Ҳõ̬Ż
취˵㣬Ҳǿѧġ
̬˵뷨쿪ҵʱģΪȥ˵ʱҪ֤˵ȶܲף󾮳ط߲˶Ȼֲûдֻʱ߲ˡ
뵽ܶ͹ʵҲǸһʱͻ²˵ʳǱʸУͬʱҲܲŻ̭̫ܻӭĲƷ
ʱէ֣Ȼʱ͵ø£ǻɴ̬ġ
ֻҪ֤㣬뷨ͿУ򵥡㡢ζ۸ȶ⡣
ζ⣬ǺеĹؼܱ֤ʳǱֶ²ƷڴǼʹ֪ʲôҲõ֮ûвϲԵĲƷ
ͬʱҲܹصѵȤԡ
ԺⶨƻǵһʵУܳɹ
ϣԷ쿪ҵҪһЩһΪҵлǻЩר
ЩԶȻרһˣһ˿ԺҲֻżһء
Щ˿ҲÿѡͬĵҾͲͣٺóԣҲÿһҵԡ
̬֮ÿʳȶټһڣȻһƽֵǶÿҪ׼Ĳʳ
һ쿪ʼָͣͬãҲ
ǵ治ʳǴұȽӵһ٣󾮳ûʲô򹤵ĵ壬ÿ˼ȫһԡ
ĲƷλΪĵƷ±Ʒһģ˿ȥԸһˡ
һһЩ±ˣһըС㣬һըӣ
صʳĴãˮˮʳļ룬ټԼ±ϣտС±˾ˣʣµĽʱ䡣
СԸסСʱѾøɸɾϼͿֱӷ͹ը
ըֻҪܲܲ˿ˮۼ͵ζϽȣ߬С͹ըɽƼɡ
СԲʱҲԸ˸ȣը˰ڳ̨ϡ±ζֻҪŻУһҲ顣
°ʱչ½˻ؼҡ
ĵ꿪ʼϳԵĲˣҲһ㡣
СɣǱغز٣Ҳǽ˲гһЩȥƾûˡ
ըСɿ᲻ù˼ɫƽƵģŸˡ࣬ܿˣֻԼһ㣬ռҲԳ
ըӱ𿴺ȫضⶫĿǰڴ󾮳ûУҶϡ棬ǳһϲصģȴе⣬ģڸҲá
ؼ۸񻹱ˣȥһˣԵ˳ԡ
±˵ǲϡ棬ɫűȱĵطҪЩʳζҲ㡣
Գԣҷ׷Ʒ޲ڡصģܶ˶һ㡣
ǵһ±ˣܹ֮ɹһΪط˳ղզҪʳĿѧһдɱﵣ㣬ɫ
׼Ĳ࣬ƷÿһһԼԣܿˡʱ°ؼҵҲ
ʱ䣬ôռ򻹲Ӧ絽ˣѵΪ˼٣ҪӰࣿΪ˴ְҪѻߣ
ֵ˼ӣռסˣţռϰķȥ


55 е᲻ð
ѽƻ衣
ӿŲ, ˰ҲռС
ûȥСǳ֪λ, ǱһƬСƽܶСС
ƬСƽʱ, ռҲżؼҵķߡ
ȱ˿ͣڴ
ռͷ·ͻȻǰһӰ, һ̧ͷһȻǽôˣ
, ÿ˵, ЦŰڰ֡
ռֵ˵㣬ͻȥˣ㲻ģ۳
춼ˣڻһ, ûһʱôôò°࣬߰ɡ
½Ų, ߡ
ƻһ¹͵ڵϣʹƽС֮С·û·, Ҳܿ·档
ռһ۽ϼһ˿Цһûȥ, ˣ
šŤͷһۿϵЦݺǿһ£ôˣʲôˣ
ˡ˵
ʲô£𣿡
ءռͷ쿪ʼҺˡ
ʲô˼⻰ѽһأ
°࿪ᣬﾭѹ̫Ƕ뿪һˡռ˵˸УǰҶûôأΪֻǲ̫
Ÿ
ǰֻӪһСʱҵһƬֹǾӪõġ
ЩҰģЩ²СϲһӱһСĹģ
ռȥϰʱģʱʱһ߰˸ˣռ֮һ
̫ˣԭúãϲҲܼȥǼӷܰҵġ
һʱãΪгôһ㣬õһңȻͲ
ѹģ˼гûиӣȻҪʣ
Ҫϲ˵ʱͶ˾޶ɱͿлǷºܶǮ
ڷɱɱˮԭϵɱӣһһ죬ȻĲ
Ųòֹ𣬸һµԱԭԱռ֮⣬ȫЭˡ
ôҲû뵽ȫԱһһͦˣС״Ѿ⡣
ʮ֮ǰռԤ֧˹ʣѵǱӲţ
ôѡһأʵΪȽܸ𣿡
ܰɣ˵ռˣҲˣҪǰһ˻õ㣬ԱˣһˣҲǱ˼ҳ𣿡
أѾˣʡ
ǻڿᣬߣԼ뷨Ҳ˵ꡣ
˵ǸŲͦһ𣬻ôԵһ棿Ϊʲô
˵Ļ˵ұְģˣţ˵ûҪǫãԼ֪ô
ˣռƽʱ˱ȽǫÿҪߣţűˡ
ߣȥ˵ͣ½Ų
ռһֿϣнһȥ˵ôҲǵĻðǵÿ㣬Ǿˡ
˻صСһ䷿ǸСңǸߵ⣬ǽ潲
ҲռʲôԼľ˽˵ΪȴҶܸɣӦûʲôɣ
⣬ҲףҲȲѵ飬ôռءһ˵СҲܹ壬
˵ȻҲȫֻԼҲ֪ռǼұȽ⣬ѣȻտ˵꣬Ǹ꿴ó϶ûٲǮ¹ʶǰԤ֧ģκ˶Ҫݹ
ǣ㲻ýôģǶ֪һݹˡ
лл⡣ͻȻЩҭǹ£ҲЩʶѣͷҶǣкʵĸλͽܸǡ
ռģΪʲôҪΪǣ
»ûһ£Ҷᰴ·ңҲҪܾҶԲסҡٴ˵ԲҲллôңԺһѣϣлһ¡
ӣм˿ˣռҲ۾
ţȥ
˵߹ȥţܣе¡
ͻȻ죬⣬һǽӲ죺ô
ʶӦռģҿһۣȻռվǽߡ
ǵŵһ˵ŴԱߵķߣҿӡ
˵ɣӦ֪ʲô£ȴ˵ˡ
ֻûصңñԵһԼѽռһ䷿䡣
˿ֿռ̾һЦЦСǰûҲͦģҶ˵ˣҶ⣬Ĳ̫ࡣ
ǣʵ̫డϰ塣ռ򿪿ڣȽӻ
̫ࣿʲôˣе£Ҳе㱻仰ЦһֱԼѣСǳΣҲѡѷϰ壬СһС
У㣬Ϊˣ㶼ռ͡˵
һ£ǰԼżҲЩңһֱռҪǫñˣ˵ĻԼһҲûǰؼҡ
侲һ룬ԼЩϣԼһֱ뷨ҲЩҡȻռôѽˣ
ˣռ򣬡С˵˵뷨š
һ֮ǰ˼㲻šռĽְģ˼ڣΪϰô̵ʱ䣬µ¡ǼȻģ±ˣҴְʵġ
ԭְʵΪʲôҪְ
æһȥæ
ǵտҵأȥæҲõȵȶˣվȽŸʡϾ˺üˣһɣ˶һݹʣһݷղǸ𣿡
˵ҶǼҵĵͦõģҲˣ˿ͺܶġΪ˵ռҲǻȥˣǫˣҪƽɲ˵ԼֻҲֻ˵ǿ㲻ΪҿЩȥæ
Űɣ⻰ռ˵ͺܿɣ˵ǿҵлȻϤˣֹ֮ǰҲġ
һռǰǺ˵Լ˵
ģ㣬̫ܲ˽⣬Ȼտҵڴ֮ǰѾ̯һʱˣҲһЩ˿ͣԲܹǮ꣬ĿǰǾѾ֮ǰöˣȻǮˣҲûǷʲôծ
ǾҪ߲Ӱ죬ռְæǰֻ̯Ϻ磬ǴҲЩԵģһ˾Щæ
̶ͦʱڰ̯һꡣ
˵˻Ϊ԰̯ŹеƫΪ̯ҲڷԣܶǮ
ΪǿһҲûǷǮ
ʱռÿ绹Ҫȥ̯ͦᣬžҲԤ֧˹ʡ
ģҲлԤ֧˹ʣǵĵܹ˳װɣռеΣҪǵʱ֪Ҳôѡ
Ƕ£ĻǵǮӰ첻ʲôġ
ܸлôΪǿǣĺöˡССڽҪ¿һ££ռȥҡ
̾һЩԥЦЦе᲻ð


56 
᲻ռְ, ҪǵȱܸɣֻһԱȻܸɵһ
ǰҲΪռ, ֻʣ˽ǲ֣ȴҲ, ýռ򶼲֪ôӻ
Բ𣿻ٴһʱ䣬һһߣôֱӵ
Ǻ⣬˵Ҫһ, Ҳǲܸɻ˽ԴϲΪʲôҪռأ
Ƕ̬, ֵ˵, һе㲻̫ѡɻģƲ̫УдģЧֲ, ֻС涼úõġҪˣڿеԲ, ˵Сû˻ҪǻˣҲụ಻
վĽǶȣȷʵܴķ濼Ƕռ, ôϲ˵Ŀ쵽ˣҲòټ֡
ռҪһʱ䣿Ȱɹѹ˵Ҫæ, һС֡
ǰСʿ϶ֽͣǵ⣬ðڴռ
ɣռ룬ԼķҪо飬ڴ£Ҳÿ춼Ҫ¶һؼҺÿʱЩ¶ҪǿϾ͸ãҲ󣬻ܶһ˵Ĺء
Ҫ߰Ѿ˵ϣҲǿŻЩʧ䣬аɣҲˣһ˰ְһҲԵ֣һԸԺ㿪϶æҲðװʲôˡ
ռܣ㣬Ҳ˵˵ѣģæҲʱġ
ռӦ飬϶ġ͵˽ռ򣬲˵˵滰һ˵
ûϵģ֪ᣬҲ᲻˼һ취ģİɡ
±ҲӦռԸǴ˿ΣΪһֱʱʧҲζ
˵Щʲô־˵ʲôѾǶˣ˵ԽԽױᡣ
ʱ䲻ˣǿȥɣʱһڻҵңͲˡ
ãټ
뿪СǳߣռȽոʱģͷ·
ˣڵĽͦõ𣿡
˵ǲˣһʱ䣬ͦһߣҲͦõģĻһСҲǶһ١ҪԺ˵Ǹ˺ҾõʱΪĲû˸ɻ
û鵱Ȼ˫ԸУ˵Ҿŷ
ǿܲˣ˼һֱͦãȴ˵߾ˡ
ڵģǹ顣㲻ϰˣӦװƣ˽һҲѣãҲþˡ
Ҳǣ˰ɡ
ţǲҾܾˣʵֱӵͦõģҲΥ⣬ԴҶá
˵ң㲻ҲһôһοռͨˣҲ
ǰˡ
Уж磿ּҲŲһ¡

صң벻ʳԳԣռһɨա
극¼Ĳ׺ݷʼǣ֮࣬ҲԼְؼҾӪ̳ڴ
ǰûҸŰȫȶ˰µİ󣬲ᵽʵҲá
侭Сǳôͱٵգȷû룬ٶ˵ѹǲڵġ
˵ÿ˵᲻һ׺ͽıʼǣʡ
ǰǲͦ˼ģ
˼ʲô˾ʲôˣô塣ҲǺܶûļҲ͹ģ֪᲻Ӱ졣
۲һʱ俴Чٵ
ҲԣռҵʱĻ᲻ĲƷȴãٲ½ۣӵһ̯ʼڲͬҲһúܺã㡣
ڶռһȥְĽ飬
ǸʱģҪµռ϶
֪ռִҪְὨԼرмռһܹл
ҲռǸ˵Լ̬Ȳ̫ãҪΪ̫ϣ¡
ռˣһҽԴϲ˻
ʮ˾˲ͣҪֱ
ռ£ϾѾһµĹʣã÷СǳҲô£˰װ׺Ҳû塣

Ӵ֮󣬽ռÿһ𿪵ꡣ
ÿһһһСԣпյʱо²Ʒ
ϱӳԹļʳҲʳľһ³ζ
ռ˼άҲ򿪣ÿҲִ˲ƣԽԽгɾ͸Уܿ찮оʳĸо
ǵС꿪ĺܺûû˴󾮳ǵĵرꡣΪԶ˾ϲмӵСԵꡣ
ܶԶһѧƽʱûʱ䣬ĩҲԼȺԵġ
Ļɴնǵȡ
ʮȾͷשߣɫĴ·ǳλ滨̵ĻݣŵĸµС͸һϢ
ôһʫһСĳĻɴձж
磬ӲӣǵСҲҫůůģһĻɴյˡ
ÿʱ򣬽ռͻرܣѵطøˡ
ϣҲΧȺһġ
ů£һЦòҸںܶPOSEӰʦҲüǶȣҪʮš
ÿռϲˣ껹ȷϣ㿴ǲǺƯ
ǰƯóʵҲеĽ
ӼѹιˣǽʱûЩֻһŰգڰҵĴͷϣʱš
ǵܺãÿֻڲгС꣬æµֳʵ
ӹ˽£ǾԸԳ˱͵ӡ
˱䣬ܶ˿Աʴ棬Ͳÿȥ˲˳ܽʡʱ䡣
ǵʱ򵽵¿ʵ磬ѴԺ˼۲ˡ
˵ԺСйУԺ˼ҶеƲϣҲÿ˼Ҷеӣô˵ӣǺڰ׻ġ
Դӽ˲ʵ磬ÿϴԺڿӵؾʹӶδүתƵǼҡ
ռҲСɴһϾͰѵӻᵽſڹϣʡôһҪССĿＷ
ˮƽһأΪ˴ǻûΪ󡱵Ԫ
ôôﻹûǮռЦ
ԻŬ
˼ȫͶ뵽СԵҪռûӦ£żһȥƵƷǲҪǳ˲г⣬طʲôˡ
ʵһֱɫᣬһʼ˵ܿСԵ꿪ݡ
Ҳżﻹû೤ʱ䣬֪ʱƣԽԽࡣ
Ϊ̫æǶûַ¶
ַ۵ȻûýãֹĶ³𷼣ҲҪԵģҪ߽ռ⡣
˵ǹĶʵ³𷼰ͲãҲûƽʱֻ㹤ܸ׼׼ĸһ𿪵꣬ǾǵϰˣֶΪ
ǮҲַֻóС
ˣַϰ壬³𷼵ϰ壬ϰԶϰֻһҪڿ졣
Ҫ³˵൱ûҪûУڿ졣
Ǳպƽһ棬պƽͿǵ˵ǮֹǣҲԼҩ̸Ƿһȥ⡣
ɲԺһ磬Ϊ˲ڶҩűס
ַһȦһֻҵڽ·Ǹת⡣
Ҳӹ󣬺ܿǸ
ռǰܵǮպ챸ױˣʹú׸ţǮ绻ʵʱܵǮࡣ
ַˣպĹʴ󲿷ҲҪϵǮŲպĹʣټŶ⳥ҽҩѣһղܴ롣
պƽˣҪûһվߡպҲϣַһôѽռŪ壬ٷְַ֧
΢һ㷴˵ƨ࣬˵ƨҷš
պƽÿѻ絽ҩŹ̨û¸ɾͿŽǵĵ귢
̶ʱڣࡣ
ܶ˲ٶԲ˵¡Ѿ̬ӵһ׻һĹûŮף벻ͨԼΪʲôʮô˼ҡ
ٿԼźСŮǻ𣿣
죬պϰַ࣬æŹĵĵ꣬պƽһ˹ڼңʱ֮䣬ͺߵб棬ȥŮ˵˵
ŮӹöðС꿪úģŮҲǣǰôûô˳أϹ˰
ûÿԼҴſǻһįء
պƽ˼ǣԴַǮȥ꣬ҩһ첻һ졣
ĪǺ÷ˮǸŮ˴ȥˣǱûˣ
ţⲻ֪ŴҾߣܶ˶ԸֲҩȥҽԺ
Ҳ֪ʱ䣬󾮳ҽݣ˼Ƕ֤ģҽҽĹݣǿ϶רҵˡ
ô
Ǽҵ䰡պƽ̾ү
ַ³Ǳߣ֪ģ⵱ȻС
³ũҲ˶ãղУƫƫַҪһˡ
ĲǺڰŹ֣ͷʵڡ
ֵַŶ񿴵Ц
Ŷ⳥ַǮûضãѾųˡ
ÿȥﶼҪȾַǵĵ꣬һַķˣЦ֮Ҳں޽ӣģǶ࿴ǲŻоΣģ
Լ⡣
ַ⣬ȴִԲ򣬻Σһʼģһ׬Ǯ
պƽǮͲˣԷǮȫȥĲ͹ݿպƽȥĺڰ
պֲܼԾͲѹȫַˣʱҵַȥҪǮ
ǲ迪ģʺ¡
ǡǰǮ
ģͲ̫ƽˣ㣬ǮҼҰֵǮȥ͹ˣܲһëΰɣ
Ҫ˵ǲ͹ݾͱ𡭡
ݻüûɹأǰ𣿡
պӲӺһĹʣԼһ룬һ𽻸ַ

һ죬˵ɻгҪˣЩ̯ɻ̯Ǯˡ
ǿطǸ˼ҵأɻгûˣǿطҪ˼⡣
ʱпգȥ
쵽ɻгʱ򣬾һСƹݣи˰̾ڸ˭߿࣬ͦ죬תͷһǲǺǼһôûϰࣿ
ģҪǿ˵׸̳мҲķϣѾˣȥ̳иƨļҲò˶þҪܹˡ


57 µͼ
»Сƹﲻͣɧ, ģҲҰ軹Ǽҵӿ޿ˣҲһֱôȥ
ȾƵ˴ͦ˽, ЦôȵƷйһ˰ɣ
ѽЦǰ, ɧĻҲܿڶʧ
ɻгʱȻ̯ܶλѾˣʣɼҾߵĻڼ֡
һǽģһңǵλ̯֪ų˻ǳ˻|ҩ, ̽ûǮҪû̯λ
Ǽ̯λ̯඼ˣļ䡣
ϰ, ˵Ҷɻˣھ嵽죿
ǰ, ûͷɻ㹤ھͲˡ̯Ҳʣˣ㿴Щ, ȫҪǮˣ˭ҪҪ, ȥҲֵԵʲôأ
˵Ҫˣҹ
ŶȷʵܻܶĶ, 㻹ˣڻˣԵٺö̯ٴθƼԼĻƷ, Ҳʣ٣㿴ʲôǴ۸㣬Ͳġ
ãҿǿأҲ̯㿴Ҳ޷ҪʲôֵôߵҲȱȥǿ
һȦоɼҾߣʵûʲôֵĺö´
̯ʣпϵ𣿡
ҡҡͷһȦܣ컹ĩأȴһҲûУϰ壬ˣȥϢϢ£Ҫְڵһأ
ˣˣҲ˷ʱ䣬治ؼ˯һҲˡ
֪鳡ص𣿡
Ǳߡָָ̯ԹһʱСӣȻӦʲô
̫еۣ۾ȥǱʱＸڴƣźòС
˵鳡Ҫ𣿡̯
ô˵̯ɵ´һ飬㡭˭Ҫ⣿
ллʡ
߹ȥþһҾɼҾ̯λһҲû￴û뵽߹һ룬ǸǷ̯ƺûһˣ
ͣ½Ųתѵпգں˷һʱ䣬ЦЦǰϣܼ񵽱ˡ
λǷ̯Ҫ˾ͳɣҪǮ࣬Ҳûˡ
Ǳ˵ĺкû
˻ҪûûǮͽõˣĻôҪ󣿡λ̯ʶԼǷŻýĶɣܴؼҼҾͲˡ
ָָԱǸ̯λǱ߶ûϵģУ
еȷʵУԸ˸㣬˵ҲƷõġ
ҪĶûҿϵġʵÿû￴һۣҲûǵʲôλȴÿζҪ̼䣬λǲ˵ǹ⣬һ£Ŵؼɡ
˵תˡ
Ƿ̯Բˣô˵أι߰͸ҪҪûǮġ
ֱǸʱСӡ
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ϰ廹ûڣһȿڽӻȥϰ̸ʡ˷ѱ˴˵ʱ䡣
׾˹ģ˵Ҳ秵ģôһϰģ߳У԰Сᣬλ²Ҳһȵġ
⼸ûȵǴƣλԴЩ
Լ⡣ֶϰҽнôƺ﷽𣿻ҵط
ϰڴλվ´
Ȼʵ̫ᣬҲϰи־ԵͶǣλС˵ǵ壬Ļˡ
ӴЩϴ֣ȻûУһſھͱ¶ƾ
ϰ֣ЩŤһһᣬҽˣĺʻҵطأ
ղŷǸѿȥˣѽƤˣװʲôأƽʱզûô˵
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ҪǷ㣬İɡֱ⣬ⳡǰôأ
УǾģҪĸλãǰǷֳɼģλòͬ۸Ҳһ
طҪǰܼǶ٣
˻һϴƵѶͣ϶ַ׷׿޲Խݸе档
ʵ뽭ڵƽֲԶ⼸λôȥǱߣʶ
طȻϸ˵ȻڳǱߵũ塣ʹ󾮳⼸һֱҲߵķ
Щ˾ֻƬ١ǡҲ֪ƽǱ߿һҺܻĵرСԵ֪꣬ǰλ
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Ϊ˱֤飬ȻԽһһʮ飬ҪطҪԸٵ㡣
طͦģô󣬽ϵһСŵһҲҪ٣ôҲֻһյأʲôʩûС
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أ
ߵȻԽԽˣһãʡ鷳
ô֧
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٣갡ֱҡͷǲУֻٶ
˵ҰһҪԸ⣬궼û⡣
ꣿ˺ڳһ־Ȳѣʲôã
̯Եģôɲԣ
һ꣬긶һ𣿡ָȻŸȷϡ
ԣһ٣԰ɣ
ʿˮһǸˣÿƶܹúǰһһ⣬ܶʱ򻹿úܾöⲻȥڽͻȻҪ꣬ڸһС롣
һ٣ǶǮ˻ýһҲ֪ǺܶǮһǰ긶һõǧ
۷Ź⣬ͷ󼸸ѵ
Կԣ˰ɣղλƢЩѶͷʡÿҳشƣ˾ڼƶ
һλҪһЩ°룬ҡҡͷ˵ɣһһ⻹࣬ҪǼأһ겻ǿˣ
Ҳ԰˾˵еһ뵽ĺܶǮһҪһ꣬ЩźСҲУҪټӵǮһǼҲ̫ڡ
ϰ壬ʵ˲ôġһһ˵̲̣˵ҲǼ۵ĻжҾò󡣡
⣬Ҫһһ⣬м仹пڣ㶼ûǮġ
˵һһεĻ϶ܸ긶һ¸һθһԸǺܴģҶ֪ǮϢһðǮǲǱһһû㣿
룬ǲһ¾͸ĺ֮ǣһһ⣬Ͳ˵ˣҪһضҲпܵġ
⼸һ£Ҳûôѹۣһ٣󾮳Ҳû¹ٵġ
˵Ҳԡ˵ͷĶѣѾҪͬˡ
׼İʱǸͷԺʹһַˣС˵Ķûһ⣬Ȼ꣬Ǿ˵껹⣬Ҳ⣬˵Ŀڰ
Ҫ˵λ̣ûĻͨũ
ҪǼۣǼۣһһֱҲҵطġ˵Ҳ˭ܱ֤һ˳˭ܱ֤һжƻչ˽꣬Ƿ񻹼⣬治ܴƱ顣
һ˵Ķ޵Լķûٶ룬İͰ˵⣬Уپ٣꣬ʡ鷳
۸񣬵ȻʮʮãϾؼ۰ٷ֮ǣռ˱ˡ
ٵڣ۶Ƕ˵Ǻʵġ
ʱ̫̣ʵʩƻʱ̫вԤ֪ķգԺؼ۹־ףҲܲȷӰ죬ʡ
ǩͬʱҪڴӺ㣬ͻȻ˵ֹڰĺ㣬ܴܲ쿪ʼ㣿
ΪʲôһһҲӰɣ˵Ǳ˼Ұ̯Ļء
ôǡɣҲøһʰһ³ذڳġ
Ŷ⵹ǣ첻𣿡
еż͸ʰءǱߴһ̯λʹˣͳˣСһǼңһ٣
Ǹһʮ
ǾһǮ쳷һ£̯Ҳû˵Ͳ˵ǮҪ᲻ãǮҳ
һӾõǧ飬Ҳ˼ƽ⼸ǮˣУȥҪԸ쳷ǡ
Ȼûôżһ뵽ǼһÿζҪԼղŻԼһ¡
˷ºͬɼҾ̯λǱߣһֵ׳Ҳһȥȥ˳ųӵġ
ߵȣǷ̯λòԶ߿ȥһ
Ǻܿ߹ȥǷֻ̯Źͨһ
Ƿ̯ܿǵ⣬뷴ԣһԱ߻һ׳û˵
ȻЩǷ˵ϲ㰡ϰ壬ôȥˡĸϰʲôǮôżǰߡ
ָָĽλΪСӣ˼ұһϰ嶼ǿ˼ʱ䱦һҲǺġżһ³أһ¡˼һר˵Ըأ˵ġ
Ƿ̯ȥÿؿЦһˣԼ֮ǰǵˣ˼רŶˡ
ġ鳡أһ¾꣬ôûСôǮأ
ôǮɼҾߣǮ˵Ѷ
Ƿ̯ûٿջĿ˲ͳǮݸţ˵˾͸ˣˡ
ҪǵǰߣǮٵģڰһ̯ҲǮǶλǷ̯Ҫˣ˭ҲôǮġ
٣Ƕ⻹ˣǮҲٰզأǮ⣬ողͬǮôһӾͱˣþۺɢ
ҪˣǮԼŻɡ
ʲôǮҪⷢƢˡҲÿãƽϣȻ˵Ҫߵ׳һѵ

ǩ˺ͬ˰𣬽ڳһȦÿô滮һ¡
ڰ̯̯ʱѾ࣬ٵȥҲʼʰʰ׼ˡλǷ磬Ҳȥ
ΧΧһţ˶ˣ˰ϣδ꣬ĵˣҲһµͼ
صңռһ׼ĲƷʱͻȻʵ֮ǰһϰͬ£ûкʵѡһϰࡣ
ϰࣿʲô˼ռʵǵǿ鳡ذæ𣿵ǳزʲôûŪ𣿲żİɣ
ǣиϰ࣬ͷҿܴ󲿷ʱæǿ鳡ص£Ҹ㡣



58 ٻ¥
ⳡص, ˵ǿ鳡ʱ򣬽ǰռһСԽ֡
Լ뷨ռ, ָ˾巽ռʾͬȥҵˡ
ڳѾ, ÿһ춼Ǯ˷ʱ䣬ԼҪ鿪ȥæǱߵ£ռ϶æ
ռȻֻһ, Ҳ֧Ҫչҵĵ뷨ʵͦϲ˿״̬ģÿææһ, ܳʵ
ǿĵҲȤ, СƯÿ²ƷҲʸУҲ۵úܿ֡
û뵽ûãҪˣеʧ䡣
㲻˵ظ̯λԼҲȥǱԵ, Ͳ˰ɣæǱߵʱҳŵ㣬Ǳæͺˡ
뿪һӵĵ𣿡Ц
ڵͷ, ԽԽãÿ»һЩǮˣǮҲ湻, Ǿ͹ݡռ˵ҪǮܵù죬һ, ٵȥ߿ð
ģȻҲ붼û˵ô
סһ˲һʱ֪λش
Ҫ򵥵ʵҲŸȥģ˵ǷּǰǸշּҺǶʱ䣬Ҳ˵
ͦõģǾͲˣһֱԼȥɡ
δʱ۾ø˸һʵڲƻǷá
˼򵥣ôʵ֣Ҫ׾Ǿ̫ˡ
㲻ǺҵİɣʵҾôһ˵֪иߵ룬ļƻɣûµġ
ʵҲͻ˵öԣæһҲ͹ȥˣæ껹Իſꡣ
ͻȻı⣬С꣬ȫԼѪһִģվȽŸԼܶǰĻʯ
ԺиҵǻĴۣҲһܷ塣
ǰ뷨һæ𽥽ռֻƷ⣬ۻñ
ԺͿ԰ѿ꣬ȥԶĵطȥĳС
ڿǶһԸˣҪġ
ּ򵥵뷨ϱҲйֹһϣ
ϣԼҲҪʲôţҪôǮҲҪôҵֻҪһļҾͺá
ϣ裬ϣĸĸమҲϣĸԼһ˹Ҹͺá
ÿ˼ҼͥҸʱָоԽǿҡ
Ըոռ㽵ʱҲǷݲʵֵ
ٿС꣬Ҳе᲻ýϣʹֻɻҲų̀ˣֻռԼʸ񣬱˶С
ǿɲи˰æ£ռͿԶʱ顣
ƸҪʩʩԽ̶ʩɺӦҪ˵ġ
ˣæһҪңҪҸһɣҲġ
ãҪʱһ˵ģǸظʵһ㶼Ҫռæ˿̺ʲôԸܾʱڼҿꡣ
֪˭Ҫ粽Ƶģ˵Ҹ۷ʲôģҲԡ
Щһֱ
ֻҪʲô¶Ҫˣǿġ
á

ӵڶ쿪ʼ˵æʱ򣬽ĳæ
ʱ˶ռһȥΪרŸ˸˵ϳϳǸ¨࣬Ҳȱ¨ÿ
ÿĲƷҲѡģ̫ۻæ
Ҳ̫С˰ɣռźЦÿЩûϰʱࡣ
ɵ㣬ֲӰ룬㻹
Ҿڿܵ͹ˣּǰÿ칤ֹ⻹˵һš
ΪǰǳͶڵȻٳ֡
Ǳôռʣ߻ۣ㲻ɻСĵ㡣
㿴ÿߴ磬ͼֽȥһЩ豸Щɵúܣһ㲻ۣ㲻ҲСˣ
һ㲻ҿ
ʲô
е£ռѾӸվλǰ˫ϸ

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Ȼ⸱ЩƫݣЩ˹İ׾Ҳ֪ԭǲϵˣڵоǸٰӺ
˵ռҲǴͣôͻȻ־ٶģ
˵Сޣ˵ʱŮ˶ܱغߵ
Ҳ֪ѿ˫ֻǸװ򶨡
ôסΪ߱һͷ΢΢ǰ㣬Դ΢΢£ͻѹѼ״˵˵
֪Լ̻ռֻ̣еˡ
ҿľ״̬ռԼ˫סӣȻʯһһҲ̫ҸԼӣ̲סЦЦɿ֣ôôɵ
Լָ˱飬ٿռѾ￴ԼЦôôơ
ȻҲе죬ôԼǺߵǸˡ
ܲ
ôҲһʮԽˣôܱô
ȻԽ֮ǰԼҲûйʲôԵʷûô
Ҳĳһһ˲䣬һȣҪ
˵

һһǰռʱеѹȸУ
Ӧ˫־˹ȥν֮֮˫ס
ûкܿ񣬵ָ޳ǽڷָϣȥȫָ
㡭ôôСͻȻʶⲻӦڲеķӦ˿ڣĺС
̫󡣡
ռСĴСӣȥܺЦеȡ
һûסָһգɴָסռĵط
һر𡱶Ҫ˫ݵģ̫ʵһ顣
ֵռˣֵӶԷˡ
ɵĵһ˿⣬ԷֱԼôߣҲ֮ǰԼһս˶ſ
һϸŷЩϸ΢ơɫһ³Ҳⲻˡ
մԽ죬ͷƤ̫ãΪѬɵġ
ּҺ𽥱˺ܶ࣬ռҲðȸʲôĲѾǰ̫ˡ
Ȼۿϸ΢ơ
ĳ̨̿ڱ̿濾϶Ƥá
ĲƷ򵥣̲󣬼ϳ̨ǳģһ̫ױѬҲܰٷְٱ⡣
Ϊ˼ˣռʱе㳤̲סˡ
Ͻ֣ûʹ
ûʹһֱҲ۵ģҵ۵İ
ǶԲ´βôˡ
㻹´Σ
ЦЦû˵û̸֪ôӻźãþ˵Ͳ᷸ҲܰǾЦɡ
ѾҪĲƷһ̿Ҫһ㣬ٿǱϼ¼²ףȥһ䡣
緹һɣ߹ռҾõһһʡ
ΪʲôǸողѡõ𣿡
ҿһ£һµģ
ϵǲʲô̵һռû룬˵ǾͺУû׼Ǿͻɡ
***
ڶͣ׼͵׼ҪţҴԵϣҪæҾͲˡ
ôæ㲻˵æ𣿡ռ죬⼸춼£ûй緹ʱ򣬡ԷûӰɣ
ܻ϶Եġ˵Էһ충豸öŲŷģһ˻ᵢʦǵĽȡ
ãǵöԵġ
ˣעⰲȫ˵վͳš
߹ǿ鳡أǰ߶ʮӵ·̣Ǵ󾮳ǵĿվ
ߵúܿ죬ȥʡǵĳһֻˣ磬һ˵һʮ㣬ӼѾ쵽ŵˡ
СžֱƱڣ˲ϴһȥʡǵƱ
żƱԱҲżϽӹǮƱݸ㣬Ѿˣֱߵڶ
ллƱȥаͳѾˣ˾ʦ󵹳һųм䵹ȥһͷͻῪվ
ܹȥվڳϵĳƱʦһ£
˾ͣ³ѳŸ򿪣е㲻ˣô
лл
λڿλãߵ£ڿԴ
ܿ쿪վһ𣬴ľɫȫİˡԭû뿪󾮳ǣԶҲûվĵط
Сʱĳ̣ڵ·˵Զ˸ܿ͵ʡˡ
ʡǵĿվ֣С˲ͼҲܶ࣬˳һݵͼһʱý̳
ͼϿһٻ¥ĵطǰһֵ̳ǱȽеεģͼϵͼҲһĴ
ڵĵͼȻֻֽʵģϢҲϸһﵽٻ¥ֻվ·䷽㡣
÷̵ĳƱٹ·ܿĿĵء
ٻʮ·ڵһǣȻֻ¥ߣռ󣬼ʡǵĸ¥࣬ȥɡ
ֻڽ˵ٻ¥ʽЩ
һ߽̳˶ණҲ࣬ȫǴ󾮳ǿɱȵġ
ܶӵĶУ̳ﻹű࣬¥滮ɸƷ˿ѡ򡣲󾮳ǵ̳Ӱ˵Ķһ̨
һ¥۵ǽϿ¥㵼ƣֱҵջƷĵط
ջƷ߽ȥֳַ˸򣬱ҪԻ
һרƷģȫŮڹ䡣żиˣҲŮġ
һе߽ҲûŮģʱ˴ҲĿ
Ҷ֣ͦһСӣʲôƷһСӰװ׾ϸƤģĪƽʱûٻ
ͷﶼû˻أһСӵˡ
ԱŮ˿һۣ˳ͣеǸ̬Ƶġ
Ҫúÿ̨ۻԱҪۡ
⣬ϾʱͬһȦ˵࣬ʵʮû취ȵġ
ȥҲǼӣȸ硢ѩࡢơࡢ󱦡ֻװʽȷʵȴ󾮳Ƕöࡣ
󾮳ǻֻаȸСװֽõĿʽǷּ֮ǰռûС
ϴǮ̳¼ƷʱһСС
ҲǽҪʡǵԭ
ۻԱÿӸһרװõƿװ˵ζ
ۻԱԱߵ˿Ϳһһ㶵ģСǣôЩСﻹ
ʵʲôѽƾоռ᲻ϲЩƷζļֵصǷʺ
ȥоͦãۻԱ˵⼸Ҵɡ
ٴ˵ע⣬üһѹôۣר˵ÿһһƿԼð
һʵ̲ס棬еĵĿ˵ֵܣͦѹƤôãűŮ˵Ļء
óʵʱںֱܶ˵Ǳ塣
ˣⶼǸϱġǼеԶ˾ͶЩȥܼˡ
𣿡λ粢ţϱҲģĶŮҪ˲ϱûأ˭ţԼһϱƭ˭أЦ˵ϱأ
ڼء
ٺ١λùȻԼµûЦ
֪Щʲô˵ϱҪһôˣ̫ûǮԼٻȥϲ
ϱáۻԱʵڽ˵ǸϱľˣϾʡǣ֪ŵҲĶࡣ
λ磬ЩأǾý̫ʵǳð˵˵㣬һϱ򻤷Ʒˡ
㿴˼ңŶáҲ
α죬ֿһ۽ܾСǹǷɺޡ
һζЦԼȥɡ
˻Ʒһʱ䣬뷵ʱ仹ԣ䡣
̳Ȼ˵УȴĪȤ
ʱװռһ·һ·ϴλŶ˺ˡ
ڴΪҪ쳡أȡЩǮϣȻ
ǣһСŮʿʱװݡ
Ʒһˣ滹¼ʲôģܶҲֻȣŽȥ
Ҳ̫ȷܲܽȥΪſҲûдŽֹʿڡ
΢ͣһ½ŲȻȻ󷽵߽ȥսڣ߾˺ιվסȥǸСӣ
ʶˣ˳ſڲſиղſϲȥˣ߸
ʲôǰʡ
·
Ůʿʱװдء
Ҹϱ򡣡


59 Ǯ
¿һȦ, Ůʿʱװſڵĸ˽⻹ˣûŮġ
ϱأʽ, ѾȥˣȲˡ
ûһˡͦ, ôһøŮͱŮҲ
һˣﲻеĽӹɵ
ոսſھͿֱһС򣬹ŵ·ʽܲӦúʺռ
ҸղѾĿʽˣҾͽȥʵĳߴ, ͣ೤ʱġϿҶԱ治רŸ¼ҲʲôӰ죬æ
ǹ涨ޱ, ſһվñͦ, Ŀ⡭ƽӣ
һֱ־ҵ˵һѸ㡣
еΣŮʿʱװǻ, òģʹҲܿ, ǲʿ룬е⡣
ָŲһȦŵķװȥҲֻдǰϵһСƬܹۣҲѹֵʱһžͽĿס
תſ, ʱܲҸۻԱ룬ٰ·
һתͷŷұ¿, Ҫʱڵλ䣬濴Ǳߡ
֪Ϊʲô˽ȥŮѡ¿㣬ͻȻи˽ȥǻˣȻǲԴǹѡҲ߲ǡ
Ͻصſڣʱ磬ܲܰæ
վվúܱ׼ֻתһ£򽭿˵ڴʲô⣿ȥǲܵġ
һˣ˼ôְأôҲ鷳οҲǸеģһ㡣
·Ҫģ¥ֱµһ¥ȥҷ̨
̨Ůˣͷװ·ǰСơ
Ǻ飬˽⣬֪ԶһҲףר̸ϱһ͵øϳȥæ
һλ¥ֱӹ˸绰˵˼ý¥
л»صŮʿʱװݣſѾһ˵ˣۻԱ
Ҫ·𣿡ۻԱòʵ
ǵģлл㣡
ۻԱתţ˵Ѿпϵĸ򣿡
һ£ǰÿȻվñͦıЩ
ǲʧ;òƽ̫֯۾
һ¡ͻȻվסŲ
ǰջԱתôˣ
ҪһǲȥˣӰ쵽ߵĿ˲̫ã鷳һ¿𣿡ָϵ·ͿӵǱߵĺɫƤп˺ǳɫţп㡣
סʱۻԱԭЩɻΪ˰ȥ·ˣʵҲѹģһλŮ˿Ͳôͣſȴֲȥ
ڼʵǲԸƹͶ͵Ŀ⣬ЦҲʵЩУһ³ߴ硣
˵룬ߴҲֻܶԱѡһŽӽġ
ߴҪǲҲҪܶ࣬ҺȥС÷һľˡ
ۻԱܿ·ó·ӼʹŵǰҲһ㲻ʱʱ
ţпڸտʼУ˵ĳǳɫţп㣬ϻһССܹ׺ţеĵֲ̫Ŀ
ƤпǨʽ仯С·֮һɫƤп˿ʽ̰࣬ڳ䣬ʱдƤ⿴·ΪԼִصʮ
Ӻ·ܴ΢һǰͻأر𸽺ռĺʡ
ۻԱҲ޵۹⣬һ۾Ϳһףٴһ°ɣ·ӴرÿǶôء
⵹˽״ȥռûпԴĳ£ð鷳ٰһ¡
ۻԱ˻Ҳȥһķװû뵽λһ
С·ǰǸЩ̨Ǵ·Ŀʽʹǽǰصٻ¥ҲֻҽһˮҽĻǴıƫص֣ﻹġ
ôǺÿûͨ˭Ҵȥ·ÿôÿ
ۻԱù׳£ʽв죬Сп˶ܺÿġ
һ⣬Ǯ
ۻԱ㣬ֶҪٿģǸ·ģȱԸۡ
ʱˣ´ΰɡҲѾûǮˡ
Уӭ´ۻԱʺƨҸôá
лŴת¥Ҫȥվϳ
һתû뵽ͻȻָ̧񣬱ֱۡˢһ̧Ѹ٣һ
ӦȥŷֱѾ֮ǰһˣҲûôţһ˿˿Ц⡣
óΪû⣬ûŮʿʱװݣĹԱʾ
Ҳʾ˸л¥ֱվ
Сʱĵ߳󾮳ǿվȥ豸꿴ȡ
˳㻹ϰ͸֣ʱͷϣԵסⱻ̿濾Ը̡
ȥǿ鳡صʩȣ֮ǰͼʩǻĵɰʯϣٽһˮࡣ
ɰʯˮ඼ˣǰһ̸֧պٽβڵСÿɹֿۣ֧ʽѹ
㣬ûչʱ䣬̽ȶǰȥ֮ǰռ·
̵˽˼䣬ǵԼչЩȲߡ
߸˻ؼңȴ֪﷢һЩ顣
***
ƽһ˳ռ緹Ϣһ
ÿæϺ磬ҪĲƷԼ򵥣ʱֱȽϳԣϢ׼ĲƷȥ˳ˣΪĲƷ׼
ʱũóг
ɲǸͬѧޡ
ϴλ˵гռ֪ǲˣûӰ
ռһ򲻶죬򵥴˸кҲʲôʲô£ԼȥԼĲˡ
ռǿһûɾĻ࣬ге߲˴࣬һ˵ʱմϵģܼռʱæһ꣬Ҳڻĺۼ
кʱⱳ֣ҲֻһôûһȻ͸ռҴҵˡ
ռֻˣһӾˡû뵽ò˳ʱ޾г
ռҸȥǼҿôӭ𣿡ֱʣҽϢղŰͻȥˣҲû¸ɣ㣬µ飬ȥҵĻͲᵢˡ
ռĵǸհͻȥǸհѲͻȥҲֻԼ֪ϵĻѾϴɾˡ
ϴɾˣһ·û֦չģûѧᴩ´ѧ
ռϴνԼ˵Ҫþܾ˿Ȼе˵ڣ˼˵ҪȥԼңʻӭܲ˵ӭɣ
ռȻЦЦ˶ٲŶ޵òϢ㰢᲻᲻ˣͷҰˣ˵ҼҲûʲôÿġ
ѾǾܾˣռȻ˵ЩСЩΪ飬ѾǺܴĽԷֻҪǸˣӭ
ƫƫƤ񣬡ȻϢƽʱҲÿؼҵİô᲻ˣ˵˵ҲԣʲôҺòϢÿڶϢʱģΪλƵİһֻһ졣
ռҲû뵽޿ôƤ˵һܾѾܲˣ˿پܾѾҲɡ
߰ɣһкܶ飬û㡣
ѽû˵Ҫʲôɾң飬߸ɻܿ԰ɣޱıģװɺܿĵӣռ֡
ռʶ֣ѿŵһֻֻȥ˵ϳûϡ
װʲôûȻıռ·
űռϣֻʱ·ۣԶԼռƵģţ˵Ҳ
ռ˵ǿ˼ҵ꣬⻹𣿡
ǿ˵꣬ռȥɣָ
ôǫ鰡ͷǰҸͬѧ۲ˣ˵ҵĵɺˣƭңһȥ֪ˡ
ǰ㿴˾֪ˡ
ûܼȥ޻˸⣬ռôģֲǶǮô·Ŷԣؼһøɻ·ȥҲ鷳
ûǮأǻбҪҲҪġ
ѽʲôʱ򲻿һǲǾͲ·ˣ޷߷߲ƽӣǸҲǣһҲס㿴ÿɣ
ռóѿڼֱҴ䣬Ѹģ
֪޻û飬Ҳ֪ûж
ѣƲƲһ˼η˼ν֣ȻҲȶҲ󷽣һٿǿǣŮӼô׾ͰԼ޳ȥˣһһСļ˸׵ģһӾˡ
ռеȻǰҲĻǷʣúܺã˻ﻰ
Լôܸ˻ôѽռҲŵζ
ǵȻˣܸҲҸϺȰɣ
ȷʵ㲻˵ȶִ𣿡
ˣ㲻
˻صС꣬ռ޵˱ˮ㿪ʼ¡Ҳʲôѹ֮ģϻ˵ûôд
Ⱑҵæˡ
ÿæġ
ǰǰ⿴һȦǵС꣬ռû֣һʼˡ
ǰ˵ռǿ˸꣬ƯҲܺãôҲû뵽ôƯѾͻ
ǵŵƯļҾ߼ҵҲܺãҵĺöˣ˵ģӻɫһ
պһʾòСŬŻصռǰͬռడĶھҪʼ׼
ţǮռ˳˵ֲҲã׼ţʱɺܶࡣ
ɵȥԵˣǮ벻ۣôõ顣޻һתҪǵ㿼רʦͲһˣϧˣɼôá
ǶǰˣǾҲͦõġ
ףղŻǫ飬ôأᣬ˵ԽԽ棬˵㲻ںαء
Ҳռ̣û𣬡ô롣
Ҫ˵ǡڴʱˡ
ϴЦû뵽һݾȻҲڣһ¾ͳ
ôˣռû뵽ǰ귢ϻոƯĴӣӲ죬ȥˣ
۾һ£ĵ⽭Ĳ̫ףҵҲĻˣȥ˶ռ˵𣿡


60 ˭أ
ƨ¡
ڴſռЦ, 뿴ôͣû뵽ſھͶ˵ôĸ֡
⻰ֱӰҭסռҲ, ûô³˵
㡭ôôˣǰ, Ųռڻ˵໰ôôûʣ
ǰǰ, Ҹողűģ˵Ҫʲôʣ㵹һֱû, һֱôᡣ
ô, ΪϴũóгϵĹڣҪΪղһŵʱ򣬿޺ռ˵ı֪Ǹʲô
ռصıһϲ񿴵˾һ㡣һֻ͵ſЦģ
һۿ״, ռ϶ֱ۸ˣԼ۸, һ³ܲˬ
һֱû뵽챻Ͷ˵ػĻǽս
ͷռռ㿴㿴ôԴ˵ģͲܹ𣿡
ռ͵͵, ޻ͷʱϵЦⶼûҲٸˣո޵ôߵط, ûô
εڳӲˣﻹܵȥҶ֪ء
У۸ǰɣҲɵһˣôԿ˵𣿺οǻͬѧһ
øǰǶôԿ˵ģͬѧǸϲ䱾㲻ϲ˭ˣ
ռɴ۾Щţʲôʱģﻹôһޣô䣬˵࣬һֶ˵
㡭
֪콭ǲὲˣҲĿ׼ֻӣռռ㲻һ͵͵ȥԼЩʲôǿ˵ǮԺ󻹵ˣ
ռҲɻһ罭˵Ϊæ粻ԷôﻹŴأ滹дšٻ¥
ֻӺʵҾƯĶ۸һƣռ²͸ǽԼģؼǴ󾮳Ҳûʲôٻ¥
оǣҲ̫ܵ˰ɣ
Цһ޵潫ֱֻӵݸռ򣬡ģϲ𣿡
ģʲôռӹȥѾŵﻤƷ·װĵ
򿪿
޵棬ռе㲻˼򿪣¥ȷȥͷٿ
Ѿ鲻ԼŪɳ׾עҪ⵽˵裬Ǽ潭ܸռʲô
Ӳط˵ռ򿪰Ҳʶʶܸʲôö
ռ򽭿΢΢ͷһֻӷԣһֻ
ȴ򿪵ǻƷӡ
ֽ滹һ㱡İװֽװֽǴɫģɢһϵεĻ
𿪰װֽǼֽӣģȫƿװװĶʲô涼дϴģвģзɹģ׵ģ
ôôࣿռ򼤶е٣ڴ󾮳ǵ̳Ǽ۸е²֣󾮳ǶûģƷʻá
۾Ҳֱˣ⼸ӵĶǼģǰǹͷ֯ȥʡ棬̳ЩĻƷ
ʱȥʱҲֻһ쵼ûǮЩͨԱҲɢװС֡
ȥʡˣʵͬʱ̲סȥռûƷǰ쵼ʱһһ쵼ҡ
ռʶֱһ̧һ߲˲࣬ɲ
ȥһץһѻƷս˴һӿ
޻ûأŽѶˡ֣ûǰôţＷ֣С
ռһӣҲһиСĴӰţһ֪·
·ģռ᲻ھͲ𿪣ɣʱٴ򿪣ڴ򿪶Ūˡ
ƲƲ죬ռˣ·᲻ò𿪣ҪţҲ³ù
˵ΪոջƷۣЩƷĵ⼸·ֻ¶Ǳ˻
ɣһºϲʣţп㻹ϴ˲ܴƤҲڻģҲòһ顣
ռ򽭿붮ǰNɪĵǸɹã¥һ
ҲҲǣ̫߰е㲻ҲһѿĺĻǰɳϡ
һռ򻻺·ˡ
е㲻˼Ϊûдôÿ·ǰЩйеıطΣǰõ·ҲҪõݡ
ÿ𣿡ռЩ죬Цʡ
¥һ澵ӣ·չһˣÿŹ֡еԼЩƬϵҲˣҲͷͻ㣬Լ֪жϲ
ֻôÿˣع˵еɬ
ÿĻҪÿ
һûţ׳ºܺϿɰ͸ŸպùĺɫСƤп˴ǳɫţп㣬ѱıͺõĵȸˡ
˿ȥƯʡ
⻹յ£Ҫ΢ױ˭˵ģأ
𣿡ռܿģԴɬֹסҸ۵Ц
ţġ
޿ˣռ·
ԭԼһúÿռ·ϻ˼·һԱȣԼĶʲô
·ҪʽûʽҪû䣬ɫҲѿԼòУҲ֪֮ǰϹ˻ӻˣǸ׶һÿ
ûˮƽ޴˿̾Ѿ׶PASSˡ
ռ㴩˼ȥ𣿡ص
ʵǵ˵ռһʼ϶һ㲻ڣȺʱûϰ֮ǰҲ᲻ڵġ
ռҲѧˣҲҪһһ㲻Է棬ЦЦ˵㴩˼ţǿˡ
û뵽ôӻԼȥˣЦŹƣ˵úá
Ǿ۸ˣԼһô۸ңû뵽ͻȻˣŴǼ˳ȥ
һ·Сܻؼң±˿󵽼ҵ·һ·ԽԽίԽԽζȴ֪ù˭
۲ʱͬѧ˵ˣռ¿ĵƯܺãƫţҪԼ
ռҲ˵ˣںܺãƫţҪΪס
ʵϾǼ˺ãԹ˭أֻܹԼǿŤġ
ռһ£ӦѾûӰˡ
ôˣռܲ졣
Ҳû뵽ôƤô񣬾ȻҲܲ˵ʱ򡣡ʲôʱģûڿ۸ɣ
Ҳã˷˵ʲôûҲ¾ˡ
ûʱϿɶдأӲ۾
еںˡ
ǾͺãղصòԺƲ۸ˡ
ѧġռδ泩ԭ۸ʱػôˬĸо
˾Ҫ֪ǲ۸ġ
ţ֪ˡռп飬ȥʡˣΪʲôң


61 ůů
ˣռ, ȷʵȥʡǣһ̳ͻˡ
רһ˸Լ·ͻƷռﵱȻǿĵ, ֻǽҲʲôӣ֪ΪʲôͻȻôһ
ûв, ˵ʲô鶼Ҫ˲𣿡ռһ˿Թôණ϶˲ǮѾСˡ
˵ûв, Ҳʱģ¸˵᲻ͬ⡣
Լˣ㶼֪һ᲻ͬ, 㻹ҪôôǮôõ·ͻƷ, Щ豸βûǿ鳡صʩãܶǮڶûء
ռʵǮûĹûԼ, ǽֻȥһ仰
ΪǾ仰̫ĵˣһɽ͵ضûСʶ仰߼ϵȷ, һ¾ɵˡ
Ӿȥռ򻤷Ʒʼֱոռ˵Ǿ仰ǰһ̣ûʶ⣬Ҳû뵽ռץô׼
˺һŵȷʵҿǲ, ԲҪһɣʱǰ
Ȳ˵ռ򼫶ȽԼԸ񣬸᲻ͬ, ʹͬ⣬ʱҲ㾪ϲȻû̸Ƕġ
ռľǮϣͬûϵԼȫһ̬ôĳϿңһůһҲԹǮˡ
ȴҪװ࣬УŵһΣͰϵǮȫ˰ɣ㻨Ǯôûƣҿɲġ
ĵ㶫ŶǮȻԼϵǮȷʵѾһûʣˣǮȷʵʲô
ҲˣռѾûٲģֻ᲻ǮҲּۻۣãǾ²Ϊ
ˣǵһηķϣԭһذɡ

·ͳŹﵥӣ̼˵ˣֻҪãƾӿ˻
װˣ˭ˣҪˣռҲ᲻ãƷ·ϲ˵⻹ǽһθԼôء
װûµģֻҪĶǺõľͿԡ
ˣĺ˼ˣ
ʲô˼ģ̳Ӧṩۺȥ˲᲻˼
ߣͲˡռҪӣҿ˶Ǯ
ҲٶѵӸûǮİɣЩβҶģʱ϶˳֧
ռӹȥһ׼Ϊ콭ĻƷ·ڴ󾮳򲻵ʡǲеģ϶˲ˣȻضҪһ
ˣ۸ͻǼСƤпˣȻҪٶ飡
ţпͳҲȴ󾮳Ǻõ·ҪЩƷҲǣһƿļ۸񶼹һСӵİȸˡ
İϵǮһֲʣΪϵĺüٿǮҲʣٰʮ飬ڿЩļ۸ټصĳѣɲһֲʣ
ͷ˫Ь´ΰɡ
ռڹ˲Ǯʼ۽ˣǲˮûһƿȣͳԵĴӼǵ㶫
վṩˮģҪǮ緹Ҳˡ᲻滨ǮԸͣҪΪ˲ռɡ
϶ˣȥŪԵġռܣܵһŷ·ϣϽ¥Ȱ·ˣϡ
żҲежһůӿﲻǵǳԵԼŪˡ
ռܿ컻·¥ͷ˶˲һ£۱߽ҲýæҪЪš
ٶ棬˸Щ±⣬±ڣˣ˵ǰ԰ɡ
ʱִܹӶҪˣô㣿Ҳ԰øҷЩ㡣
Ҳԣȵ棬һء
һ棬ȵ𣬡һҿɳԲˣҪŪĳԣͲһˡ
ãڻȳԣһٿԵʲôɡ
ҾͲ˰ллôʢһ档
԰ɣʲôһˡռڽ棬˫ڲϣ˫֧°ͣЦſԡ
һ棬ҧһڼٳһ±⣬һ̧ͷóԣ
ռȻЦԵ㣬ԼҲˣ˴ˣſʣôͻȻҪȥʡǸ͵͵ҡ
ΪʲôȱʲôҲ򲻵ʱȥɣʡǵ̳ɺùˣкܶĵط
ֻ˸̳ô֪Щĵط
˵ͼڳϵʱѾϸһ顣
ãСԽŪˣʱĻȥʡ档
ռûԶŵ˵ʡǺصĴڣǾʵ֮һӵϿõǺܷĵط
ǰѧʱеͬѧǱĸȥʡ棬컨׹ģʲôóԵĶУûȥĶޱ
ռұռȥģĺһҲûй
պ쵹ȥСѧҵʱպƽַʹȥǽҩŹţռ򿴼ңһȥʡ棬סһϲŻ
ʱռŶ£һڼңҹʱ򻹴ˣµڷĽ䣬һҹû˯š
ȥЩĵ£ŽѾһԵþ⣬룬ýϴ
ɲڼﵱү¥ռ·ţпϴſڵ¥ͷСƤп໤һ飬Ҳš

ϣϴϴ
ԭûжۣϴˮЩ⸱廹ǵüǿǡ
ڲŶʮأҪϱӵһֻôȥʡĸСʱĵҲôȥܸʮҲڻ¡
ƶһѵƻڵϺɳ廹̫򵥣岻ϼǿѾȫѵҪˡ
ڵ˫˴Ǳ׼һװ˵ĿȣȻǰһ˯ϡ
ռϴҲصڽȫûע£ŲߣͻȻס
ڽԽǵһΣǰΪ˵оƫ䣬˯ʣռҲһߡ
Ϊˣʵ˯ʱмźܴľ룬ѾϰİȫС
ռκʱ򶼺ãҲû뵽ӦʱѾ˴Ӻ߱סˡ
֪ηӦûҳ
ô˯𣿡ռ
ţе㡣
˯£˯һҲռû㣬״׵ı·Ҳȥ
˯𣿡ִ૵ϢḧڶЩ
һ£Ҫ˵ȣһʧɣ
Ҫ˵ȣԼЩ٣Ǽлס̫غ˼ҪϢ
񻹺áһ£ÿһζһƽˡ
ռ˵̫ãʣǲǺۣôԶܻ
˵úԼһҪؿڱһֻ§ţ㱻ЦǳܣûܣҲûô۵ġ
ţ˾˯ɡ

ϱţһ£Ҳܸܵģůůġ
е㵣ģԼȽŻ᲻ͱڵƽӲס


62 СԽӪ
糿һ콭, ۾е
ӰڷŵλѾϤòۿȥ壬ֻû̧, ͷȸееһëɨ
Դ, ۾Ҳŷռķң漴һɵϴˮǿ
һѼһ¾, һСϵĴҲԡ
ȻҲůͣ, ֪ҹʱ, Ȼռ˻
̧֣ӱְص´
ռ΢һ£ûûƣŴ͸һ˿谵ĳ, ܿ˯ӡ
ĽΪ, ȻۣһҲϰʱɣȥæ飬ֻһСꡣ
ȥϴ, ڼһæԴȥ̽ȡ
ռ˯, ռϴ˯ô죬ϴˡ
ְӹǲǣֲҡ
Ҳˢ˯ɣҽڼҿ꣬ȥ½Ⱦˡ
˯ˣռҲ漴㲻ȥӰ𣿡
Ӱ죬Ѿǽˡ
ǺãҲڣǾͶ㶫
ôǮԵİǮ

磬ȥع̽ȵʱ˳ȥ꽫ķȡ˻
ʦ֪ıԣϸҪȻֹɣ㾫ϸʽҲ
Ϊڵﶩ˺ܶණϰҲǮҲϾʱŪһµ飬ҪǮˡ
ִؼңռһһϣڳ̨ǰһ£Ч
ǰʱ϶ЩȺĸоż̺ˮ֣̺ˮѬ̿оˡ
û뵽ôһӣЧͦǿģĺáռʵõְ֡
˭ϲ챻̿Ⱥغ濾أֻ̨ѾܺˣǰռѬǲ֪ǿٱûҪĽ
ͦõģԤĻʹЧҲô̽ˡҲ⡣
ռЦü俴־Ϲָ˸С
ɲҵֻȱ˶˶ʮļʶˣʲô㿴Щ纸ĲǶзҲͽһǣªöࡣ
***
³أ˽ʱŸɡ
̵ƽƽ˼ӣڷ絲ꡣ򻮷ֳɺöСÿСԷֳɼ̯λܹʮ̯λÿ̯λװˮͷ
̯λרһͲ˶Դ߱߱߳ԣҲھͲò͡
ӴúܽʵοǿȥЩªҲÿ˺ܶװԵĶ׺ٹһЩͲ죬˺ܶɫʣΧһȦԣһӾˡ
ǵţҲЩװ㣬˴һŲ죬òʵ˼ͼ棬˸ɫƣֱּӣͽССԽ֡
ڳظɵʱ궩ʮ̨̨Ҳ˳ɡ
ֻĸְͲֹĹʱȱԺݲ̯ͬλľͬơ
ļӶһԷŶ̿߷ú
һ̨ͶĴͷòôǮβָϰ̸˷ڸ
һôĶϰж⣬ĲϷŵﶼҪһ꣬ڸڶûô
һ׼Ҫʼפˡ
ؼģе̼פǰһж׷ѡ
ؼʱ̣ռΪš豸÷ڸҲÿ͵֧һȻСɹۣҲȽȶʵǻǷ˲Ǯ
䳡طѣÿ춼Ǯһ뵽е˽ǡ
ϲ˵˵һԵģʵԼҪż
ɰͰ͵ȷʵ̫е߷һЩС꣬һһƼû
Ͼ˼ҲȫûףȥǿطǮ̯˭֪ûȥѣ
ôӪҵ£Ч̯λûЧһǮҪ
Ҳֻһе򣬵ȥӪҵҲûж
⹤ѾȥˣûʲôʵԽչ
ռְοż취ѾҵͿӪˡ
ÿĶ˺ܶ޲һӼ룬С˲Ҳꡣ
ôȥУ취
ȥ̯ٳ̯λ𣿡ռʵ
˼룬ʶ˲࣬ϵϤĸ٣ռϰʱͬ£Ǽǰͬأ
Щ˸ռϵпյĻ϶Ըæ˵Ҳǰװæ͵ġ
ߴ㹤ҹɣϴȥʱ˵ҲٴˣڼæʱеΣΪЩԼϰҲһѱҹ϶ﲻǡ
󾮳ǵطСҵ٣ңЩӪֲýû㼼سҲֻܴ㹤ˣ㹤һÿ춼ҵ
ϵʽ𣿡ʡ
е绰ҵǣҪȥʣ
á
ڶ磬Сǳ˵ȻַӰ˺˽
һ˵ռǰæЩǰͬһûʲôԥʱҲ㰲ţ˵꣬͵ҲǴ㹤ˡ
һܹ߰˸ˣǪ̨̇̄߰ڷСԽ
ʮ̯λĳأֻа˼̻˻̯λɢһЩͲó̫ա
гܶϱӳԹͼһЩϱСԣԼһ飬ɹٶԼ˽ѵ
ÿ̯λʲôСԶָã̸ôνǽʾ֭
Щ̯λӪʱҲճ̡
ǰԼСſ˿ƣʼСԽӪ
ԤõӪҹʼˡ
Ȼֻа˸̯λҹСһҲ٣翾桢ը嶹ض̡ʽտϵĹźѺеȵȵȵȣӦоС
˲ϹĸطСԣϱ뵽Ҿ߱ɲԵģϡ
ҲܲڣԼԳԺúóԾͿԡ
ǰԼСȡõĳɹǰӪһʼ½ˡ
ӡ˴ڰҳɢʱר˶ĵطȥ
û뵽ЧֱԤĻá
Ǵпյʱһ˵Ǳ߸˸СԽҹܶȲѣһʱҪȥ֡
Ҳв˾ϲͼʣʶǶҪȥʡ
⼸괦ѱĳ׶Σڷչҿڴ･Ǯˣǵڱ
󾮳ǻԣʵܶе̳ĳЩƷĳ档
Ǹ˸СԽҹУͬǺʵ飬һ˺ܶǰ
ǵһطʣ̯λĶҲʣ볢˸һææ
кάռרŸǰ˸Ѱæ˭ʲôҪæ˭̯λϡ
ڰ˸̯λ֮䣬һôѣռ뵽ʱͽǣ̲ס۾Щʪ
ƣǵСԽԺ϶ܷչģе඼ֵá


63 ҵŶ³Ա
æ, СԽֽһȺˣΪ׵ĲǱˣѡ
ָ׳, һ, ȻƹⲻһȺһ˲һеŻһȺˣԶͿ
кߵĿ˱, ҲͿΪݸ߸߰װ׾ȺмҲرϳ
ӭ, ӭλѡ߽, к
һϴӣһֻĽֵͦ˼밡ôôһгģҲô𡣡
øл̧ʾ, 㿴ʲôֱ̯λϵ, ҳԡ
УæţԼʲôԼУͱ, гԶǮģѴ֣߽̯λΧȺ
һ߻ӭĿ, һҲл˳ԵߵĿˡ
Ȼֻ˰˸̯λȻָӴҴһڽһڳ˳һ߱߳ԣҡ
Ժʮ̯λȫҪԽԣڴһʼôγϰߣбҪ
Ϊûγҹϰߣ󲿷ֿ˶ھŵǰԵľ뿪ˣֻٲ˻ھͲͲ͡
ǰ˸ӣЩˮϺơƷΪ󶼷˻̫ȵùơƣϷŵöһЩơһЩ
˾ŵ㣬СԽѾˣ˸æһæ͹⣬˿ڿͣЪЪ
ǻڣһѳԵķھͲϣơƣߺȱ߳ԡ
˵ҪͣȻûɣѸͬ⡣
ٲҪվſкּЩԵĺȵģһǱ߳Ա졣
һ󣬼ûˣɴռǰ˸һ𣬴ΧԺȡ
˸æĻе㲻˼ɻǸǮģֲǴæռ˵˵˵һ
ռҪӪЧǽҪ׬ǮæڸǮ᲻һҹ
ЧԤںüǶһ
ЦгԺһѿܺ˵ơƣöҲЩп
Ľֿһռ򣬶ǵֵܣãҪ˵ͷǰ̯ʱŹȥʱ䰡Ǻܿ쿪˵ָ꣬ôһг̫ܸˡҪһˮƽҲỹǳƵطˣҴ⼸֣Ҳɡ
Ǽֵ΢΢ͷͷʾͬϴ˵Ļÿ˵ϿЩΣǰ״̬ȫһ
ռһǰͬЦЦǺôǳ˵룬㿴Ǽòǣ˵ռһˣʮ֮һҲڵ㹤Ĺ󲻵ء
һ֪Ӧʲô鷳ΪôʵѣҲ˵Щ׻ֱʲô˳ĵˣ
ˣʵҲЩ£ֵһᣬɧѡѵ˵һٲҲǹӪҵʱܲˬô˵ɣҸ⼸֣ڳɻģԳĹײ˵ж󣬵ٱȺܶ˶ǿǴɱЩµĲԶˡ
ͷʵҲûʲôֵġ
һѣ˼˵⡣
Ѳںһӵû£Щѣ˵Ҳͳѣûʲôġ
ͻȻǳЧô
ʵþͺڲͬʵҲǰһЩǳɧЩѲǺƨ˵ǳ뻹С鳤ǰοûҪ̫ƽϣҶࡣ
񽭿һھǳЧģǵһ
ڱ˿̫еװƵɡ˼ҾһǳԱ㹤ϵɧ˼ҳЧ棬ⲻװʲô֪ĻΪʲô쵼أ˵쵼ֻҲһͨԱ
ѿþʵ˵ϣѽֵܣҪ˵Ǳȱˮƽأ⻰ʵˣǳЧһ겻һֻ꣬Ա
ô˵أʡ
̫ˣںܶ˶ЧȻôʹֿﻹѹźܶȥ˵Чܺ𣿡ѵ
ô˵ˣʱйĸЩСֱܻӵգõпܻһ¸ڳ
ڵǳҲӲ̣Ǽǳģ󣬸㲻ûֱӵҲ˵
Ҫǻ·ˣҲ˵ʲôΪδ飬˵ٱҲţš
Ƕѣһ£磬Ҹ뷨ҪǸŲ˳ģû˼㡣ϾЧԽԽƾǼҲŤתԺ治˵ô·ǺбҪġ
ڳ˽Ļռ⣬ȫˣ޲ĻЩ⡣
Ҳʵ·ӻô
ô˵ܼ򵥣ҵȻӯ׬ǮҪһֱȥ϶гŲȥһ졣
ǰʱֻȺеһԱԳѾʶͷԽĻò濼ǣͷ˼š
ղŽӻλռǰͬ¾ȫˣʵһֱôô˵Ҳǹ󰡣ܻܵģûҪʲôɡ
ҵȻܣؼôܣܲһֱ𣬹ҾһֱǮɣʵ˵صܵʱ˵Ѿ˲ƲʱˣһССǳ˻ô治˵
ЩĻεͣ϶ЩӾ룬һҲͬ˵ĻҪҲ̫
ֻռȫ⣬ΪƽʱһЩĶͬѧϰ֪ܶʶȻ˼άʶҲЩǿ
˸߰˰ˣͷʾͬǣô˵νҲлֵܵѣǵÿǿǡʹԺǳôŲˬԼϲĻҲǺõġ
룬˵Ҫÿ϶пգְȱģ԰æкά򣬻Ӱ쳧Ĺ
һΪǰ̵˰ΪҲЦֵҪҪ֣ҿԸƼѶúܡ
ˣǰ˵ĶĻΪæ˵ЩҪȽҵ⣬ҲһԺʲô£Ҳк·ˣôġ
УѺˬ죬һڴӦȻҾְְνԵ㶫ȵƾˡ
ǾллˡԵĺȵĵȻû⣬һһ룬ǻֵˣ˽һȽϺá
ðɣµˣǾͶġ
ѳ˵һҵŶӵˣȻʱֻǸְ
Ժһֱʮ࣬ѳضʰɾŸԻؼҡ
ӪͬʱУǰλæ컹ü˵˵ȹŽ㹤Ǯ
ռصңӪҵټһÿ̯λĿ
һ飬Ժ̬Ժ󣬴һ̯λһ챣ҲʮǮٲҲжʮһ¾ٵŰٵĴ롣
㲻֪һһռҪЩ̯λȥԼøࡣ


64 ӭӭ
ʮ̯λ, һ̯λÿ͵ٿ㣬һҲһˣ˵ôع, ˵һࡣ
ռ˵һһһҲš
ǳ̯λ, ÿÿһٿ飬һٿ黹ֳɣʮѶʮѵƹʮ
ҲֻҪ̯λ, ǲ£ṩгѵƹ
һٿļ۸ʮ̯λһҲǧ, ۳, һֻʣǧİ١
ǧĵ룬Ϊʲôռ˵粻ˣԼ
ȻԼҲô㣬˲ܹ˵ùʮ̯λ
ռ˵ҪҪһ£ÿ̯λһˣӵİ, ÿ˾㿪һٿǮĹʣҲһͷ, ʹصһ㣬һҲǧ룬ǧĶˡ
˽Ѿˣṩ̯λһƽ̨, Ȼͷ̻׬ԼĻǮԼ׬
ԼҲкܶ⣬ռû, ԼҲкܶ໵
أ
Ʒ͵÷Ѻܶ£ѹأʳƷȫ⣬ʹˣܶ鶼ԼԶţʮ̯λһС긴̫ࡣˣЩⶼ̯ÿ̯λϣֻҪƶüලˡ
ǵǣҪЩȫҪԼΪͦͷ۵ģɡռͦױ˵
ţڳ飬ȻСԽ˩סֽţʲôҲˡ
Խ˵˩סֽŲ⣬ֻСԽ־Ӫþ㣬Ҳҵð취⣬ֻĿŵñԶö࣬һֱ;ӪôСء
ҪʲôռЦôоԴһֱ붫ģʲôˣ
ȻزԼӪٺܶ룬ڵһҲ͡
Сÿǧ룬̯λǧ࣬һ߰ǧѾԶȺķ룬˵Ѿ븻ҲΪ
ռһɨǰ鲻֪㳣֣һҲ̰벻ǰǵĴڱȼֱ֮𣬻ʲôģ
ʱû뵽µҪԺʲôᶼеģֻҪƽʱץסᣬͷֻСԽ֣϶ûʱ俴ˡ
ʱСԽ֣ҲǿʳطĿȱǰ̯ܿеĶ㲻ԽԽߵ
СԽ֣һṩƽ̨ҵһͷչ
һչҲῴгᡣʱ򶼲϶ҲбЧ£ͻкܶƵСԽֳ֡
֪ʲôҵҵķչ죬ܶҵᣬĻܾܿҪġ
ΪѾˣһھĲҵ֪Լ˳ʦҲϲʦְҵ
ȥѧһʦҵһڴ󾮳Ƿչʧȥо
Զ׼ģʱͻֺܶĳʦЩԵĶСơ
мƻҲҪʱⷢչĻᡣ
ҿԽԽˣ̯λȥÿǧ룬ϵ룬ܲˣ㻹١ռ˵
ֻΪǮȷʵںܲƽʱܵ㣬ٻͼЩϷӣȷزչǾͷˡ
ǽڽǮһҵ
ϱܾǸյϵ̳мҵʱǸϲ˵һ仰ʶôжʲôʸӴµĽɽ㻹Ǯ࣬ɸɾȥӿǮٻװʲôߣ
˵ʵʱҪԼȥһƬأûգοҲϵ޲ֶΡ
ȫһˣصʮǰ֪ʷ̣һûеƣԭԼҵıռԼˣֶΪ
ҲͶȡɻͶѣԼѾսָ˵ԼϱǸϵ
ʱռ˵ЩĻЦŻش̯λûȥأȲǮˡ
ǲǳ𣿡ռڶ̯λһûѹҹƻᱻҪҪˣⶼⲻ
ǵǣҲġ

Ȼڶһ̯λľˣǾ彲һṩķ񣬻һЩصĹˡ
֮һ仰ֻҪŬ̯λֻ׬顣
ܿȥ̯λ
ȵʱ򣬳ϵģæǼռǰͬ£Ҳ̯λ⡣
׼ĲƷʱһʽС磬ǵ̯λҲ𣿡
ȻˣǻһҲǵļƻǶռѣͨ˻ȿǵġ
ллǵϸپռһĺòã
ðʱھͲġ
û뵽ǣҹʱҲˡ
ûˣҲרģΪһǼǰ˵ˣ˵ռǵСԽֻ𱬵úܡ
ʱмڸѯ̯λ飬ռճڸǰ˸ڹֻһڽӴſڡ
ӭӭԶͿ߽СԽִţŮȱ˴öְҵŮʣ̫ˡ
𣬡æ֣ɱٺҳˣ˻ûһС鳤࣬ⲻǹѿ𣿡
ûûûС֣û˼ѸϽ⣬ԵʲôҴȥȵͲһҸ͹
һʱô£˺һѣʵռأﲻǵĵطôоƵģ
ŶЦ˸˵ˣأҸкˣά򡣡
Ŷ˵أջȻֿʼˣ仯ǿ죬㲻ǳɵúúõôˣ
ˣⲻǳҲϰ콭˵ҾˡѿЦڸ˵ˣƽʱ뿴Цɱȵ컹ѣһϸڣˣ㿴Ե
£Ļģе¡
ǱߣҴȥ࣬ҲʶȤģҪȥͲҽ˵ҪǲæԵһЩʱɢˣһһԵҹȵ㶫Щɲ¶ء
лл֪뵢ѵĹ˵ָһλþУԼȥﻹæأһϸھ͸ˡ
У˵öԣҵüظλٺ٣Ѹ̸ָĵطд Ͳȥ档
лллֱȥҽ
һ̯λôⷨѾĵòˣҪˣһ̧ͷ߽
Ҳе죬㣬ӭӭ
е£һ㲻Ȧӣռأǲæ
æģŵȻȥ
ãϽסżҵһҾ͸˵ɡ


65 
, ȻռģԼ˵̫ʣռȷʵæ, е鲻
ӻƿϣҪǲż, ɣæһһԸҹ
ðżģҾšӹ, Ҳ£һȦҹглл, ȥæİ, ùҡ
ĵطæҲѯ̯λ¡
£ʵﲻŵɣ
ᣬֲʲôܵ顣Ц
ͷ, Цһ£һ, ֹ
ûֹӣֻøû˵еΡ⿴һۣʱͻȻûѯ̯λˣղŻһһȺ
ֵͦ, ߿æšͻȻ
ҲվҴ, ڷҲûѯ
òã֣óǿĲԼУȻһҲˡ
ã⣬Լ䣬ҲǿǱ̯λ϶ԼˣʲôǣռҲڡ
ãлл
߽̯λӰܼȺҲۣܾȥЩأҲ²͸ռʲô¡
Ⱥ棬Ⱥһ룬ԵСԽ·Ǹˣ˿ͣҲҡ
Ӹߣڵߣߵò̫̯λҲ̯ܿλĶȴ̯λæµļǰ֡
Ҳŵǣǰߣܿ컹Ǳռˡ
ռææĴ⣬ҪæȥܿͷȺһϤӰ
㣡ռܹȥһץס֣ǵĹϵ˵ǰ˵ǺýˣռǺܿģôһ䣿ſڣû
ҿˣҲСˡеƿʾǽõģԼ뵥䡣
ŶɣûԵģǸռֻ˿ģĵƹȽůкӳģȫûЦмį
żһǻҹҵųҹͺˡͣ½Ųռ֣Ҳңҿͦæģ͹ˣȥǱŵǡ
ռϲһ˵´ʵӲ⡣Ҳã㵽ǱߵһǺܿæ͹
߻ؾͲڸ̯λ顣ʾһ˽
ͷھͲһͷΪԼϰɵϰߣһ־ⲻȥЩʲô
ʵҪʲôҵܣҲѡˡ
һֱȣڼ佭ûҵʱ͸˵仰ֱҹн
һҰһӳԵĺȵģ߳Ա졣
Ϊĵձ컹ãҶܸˡ
ֻн֪£ٳٲ˵Ҳֱʡ
ҿϣȸһ
ѡϣϲơơ
û뵽ͻȻ˵Сһƿơưɡ
е㲻˼ûǰһ´Һʲôǵϴµ꿪ҵʱ򣬳ѺǼ֣˶ȾƵģ
ͻȻҪȾƣĪռҪ˵Ҫ˾Ʋź˵ڣɻˡ
һƿơƴ򿪵ݸ˳ˣҪơ𣿡
ΪڳѱⲻȾƵģº˾ƻᣬеڣǸҲơưɡ
ǵǼǰͷ͵Ц
û⣬ơƸһɱ
һæ̯£ʼʽ̯λ顣
ϸ˵Ϊֻһû뵽ǰ˸˶⡣
ÿ˵ļƻûʲô⣬ӦǣͬǾʹڰ̯ĲƷʼ
ƶĹһƷͬγɻྺ԰˸Ӫ̯λĲƷǼҲγɾϵ
ǻЩʽ⣬ҲͬȾӪһ£Ǯ֧
̶ǩͬ쿪ʼ̯λͱԼ̯λ
˶ܸˣǰ컹Ҳͷ㹤ھԼϰˡ
̫лСˣôôȫվҪ
ǱлңҲΪǶռѣҪллɡ
ԶԶԣȻҲҪлռ򣬡ָռл
§§ռ򣬶ԽСչСģнǾͶˡ
һֱЦݣֻ˿ģû¡Ǽʵ̯λǰĻʼýռЦ
ֻռݹһɫҲˣ첻̫ԾǷ֪ʲô
⣬Ҳ˸ɫ
һռ뿪λŸ˹ȥ
ߵǱû˴ռȿʣ㣬ǲʲôˣ鲻Ǻܺá
㶼óЦЦȻֱֱ˵ʱǵģھÿ̫ܲʡ
ʲô鷽˵𣿡
㣬̯λ顣
̯λ𰸳ռϣŷӦ𣿲ķأѣЩ涨ǿġ
ռ˵;²Ҳ̫ԣֻС£ء
ʵû̯λϵ¸̯λûϵ飿
ǣԼ⡣
شֱӰռ˼ȫϣΪԼˣ˵ʲô
ȲѵӰЦô̯λôԾ𣿡
û뵽ռͷ漴ҲŲµôˣ㣬ǳ𣿡
ʲôҲס㣬˵ռֿòԲոջ˵ġá֣ʵҲһС£㲻Ϊҵġ
ʲôС£С²ģռȻš
˵̬ȺܼᶨҪǲ˵ˣֻʵѡ
СǳѹЩأԴֻһְ󣬲ѾȽͣҲ
û뵽ڿ嵽һʱͻȻƷˡ
һ飬ŷڡ
ԭƷ˴󾮳ǣֹԭȺͺСڱƷһûгˡ
ʼоΪʲôƷԼĲܴȴֱܰӳ塣
ЩƷȫǻģž۸رˡ
ʵҪЩƷȣǻкԵƵġ
һˣҪԼǵı׼۶ȽĻôԼɱҲô˵ļ۸
ǴԭϵǺܽģɱȻҲֻ֤ͣЩǵƷʸġ
ζҲûǺóԣڸиǲ˲һǰ㡣
˼ҾúãǾϲĶ
ʶĿǰСȥֻծҪ᲻
˵ռ̯λ⻹ҪҪҲһǮСԺٿᣬ˵ЩϹ˿һֹֻǵζ
ֱӹͣСһΪһͣ͵гʧˣԺؿǴ㿪ʼʹر٣žǻгϴڣֹӾͻڡ
ռ꣬Ҳżľ棬һʱҲ벻ʲôð취ֻȰο
㣬ȱżͷϽǸһ⣬϶ҵܺõĽ취


66 Ҫ
ʹԼ˵, ռҲ̯ͬλǸһ뾡˰취ȻȲСǳѾͶ·ĵز
Ȼʶ͹ʱ䲻ռһֱǺ, СǳӪãҪ̯
˵ǸҪǿ, Ҫ̯ÿԵĻЩ϶Ҳܲζ
˵ռԼŶΪ顣
߰, ʱ仹ҺϽ㵽Ǽ, Ǹһ취ռҪȥؼҡ
ô鷳, סԼ뵽취ģҸ˵Ϊ㵱ãҪǰҡ
ȻǽãȻҪ취취ܻһ˼·, Ǹһ룬˵Ҳܶء
ռŽ뵽ð취, Ȼ𽭿ǲһ㡣
ĽӻѸϣʱҪһ뷨ɻû̶ֳȡ
лл, Ҫæʱһ˵ġ
ܼ֣ռ㲻ٶ˵
˻صλܵĵ˵ܵ, Ҳ֮ǰôˣռеĲɡ
ͶеĿ⣬ռҡҡͷʾû¡
ֱɢ˳صңʲô£֮㲻ǺܸˣǶ˵ʲôˣ
ǳ⣬˵Ǹһ취ûͬ⡣
ʲôˣûͬ˵Լܸ㶨ɡ
Ӧûûʲô취е󡣡
ռŸ⣬˵̯λ顣
һˣѹֵʱصġҲʼ˼ô졣
ռ˼ڴʵ뵽ʲô취𣿡
˵취Ҳûô룬ûܸһģ˽һ¾УȻ˵Լ뵽취Ҳ̫ģӦÿԵġ
ҸоǺҪð취Ͳ뵽Ҫ̯λˡǺҪǿģ϶û˲ǵġռ뵽һ⣬ұǲȱǮûʳڣøǮܽ𣿡
ǲƷȥǮˣ˵ǮӦҲҪ
Ҳǣ̫ϲʲôԼˡ
ռһݣһֱܺãĺܹﵽ
룬ɣ̯λҲȥˣӦò꣬ʱȥٰ취
ðռһֿϣ϶뵽취ġ
ô𣿡û뵽תô죬Ц
԰ҸоҲֻ뵽ð취ˡ
̫˰ɣ̫ѹ𣿡
ⲻ
ллѾѣôںһᾡġ
⻹ࡣ

ֻ죬ǵ̯λȫȥˣڼûҹǣ֪Сǳˡ
һ㶼ʱ䣬ռ緹ȥ
СǳʱԶԶ͸ǸСＷżˣڸ̸ʲô
úΣǼһˣװһʽռ򣺡Щǰ𣿡
ûռҡͷʱǼֻмˣЩ˲ǳˣǰҲû
ϸһ£ʲô磬װһ˲ͣ˵̬ȿֻͦżܲ|ȥһ仰
˫ĶԱȣԴһ϶ܿκ;ɥȫûǰַâ״̬ϴȥصʱ
ǰ˵ѹĿ滹ʣһ԰ɣռ
ԣռ˼˵Щ˿ĿģҲ۸õͣ㲻̫Ը⣿
ţҲ̫ܣȥͲˣʱ򲻿ܻҪ˼۸񡣡ԽԽԾֱӽȥ
У߰ɡ
˸һͻȻ˺ռôˣ
ͷһһ̸֮ġҲڴ󾮳壬ƽʱסڳ
ռæô°Ҫˣ
ͷȦЩ죬Ҫǳҵûϼˡ
ǳռһ¾ˣԭ̸𣿻Ѿ̸ֻʣһЩˣȱߣǣȥ㡣
áŵϣռѾ첽ſˣҲһΣ̸֪ôˡ
ռ˲ԹǰæǲҪ̸С
ţҲ̧á
תͷ
߹ţϵȫǿסģһ¡
˵žҪŷȥ
ռ޲ֱӳȥǼ˵ǳһסе㼤ȴһʱ֪˵
ΪʲôȥǰæΪʲôҪǳ
ֱӰѻҵŰסһռֱۣƽһ
ռѾŰסɿס֣Ҳ˹㣬Ƕ֪ˡ
̸ʲô̶ˣ
û̸£εǺ޲ֱ͸ء
ǻҪ̸𣿡
˶٣Ǵˣ֪ôʿ϶ʲô뷨Ҫ˵
˼άҲӸղŵ̸˳ĵһֱǲԸǳģ仹ǵͼۣĲˡ
ȵڷһ£Ҹ˵һ
ռҲ˿
˵ƵģЩĪڷ仹Ȧţʲô˼ôأ
㲻ǳˣͲˡռ˵
ûʲôˣҲҪˡʹҲ˼ӶǮҪҷʡ
ʹˣҲɻЩ˵ֻҪҪ𣿡
ǶûģֻҪӡ˵е޷Ȼ˵ΪʲôҪǸɻ
Ҫ˵ȻӾӪ⣬ȴͦɹģʮû˹ûһԹԣϵô˵Ǽ˶ҲϿɡ
˵ɾǼ롰׼С˴ˣڵķ䣬ǵˮ
ռе㲻ˣΪûϴ˵ǰæ㣬ϴ˵Ļǲˣ
ˮ˹ݸǣûôأ⼸ˣһŸҲûʲôˣ֪ôûףҾͲˡ
˵ǲԸ鷳˶ѣռپڴˣ㵽һ¾ͺˣĴҪѳ𣿡
˵ﻰ᲻ãȷʵҲ벻İ취ҲˣķȥºܿͻһĲֵҪǼ۸ʣҲԿǰɡ
Ҳÿϧֹ֮ǰͺܶ𣬶ˡռͬʾϧôã˵̣ˡ
˿ˮӹ㣬ռҽˡĲƷЩȱ㶼Щܲٸ˵˵ϸһ㡣
ѾϤˣƽʱ춼ЩлҸռĵö࣬Ӵ٣ûĹҵϵ顣
һʵ⣬;رץص㣬обҲѹҵչô졣
һ¾ͶĻʼһƷȱ㣬Ҫٿڻش


67 
ԭѡӹ, ٵװʹ棬ÿһ򣬳漰ҵܵط֮, ޾ϸǽһ顣
󣬽ǵĹ򳬸, Լĸӵö࣬ʹ׿ѡԭϣ⹤ĳɱҲЩеĳҡ
ôӵĹÿһٶھһ, ֮ǰûгأ
һ£ı֪Ƿ񶨵ġ
ǰռǽƷһ, ԲƷҲͳ, ƹ棺ѡԭϣĹգѵĿζḻӪһҲûмϸڡ
Ҫ񽭿˵ģÿھһ, ǵʮü㡣
ô˵Ҿȷʵûľ, þô
Щ˽ǵ𣿡
ûУװеʡģʡ, רȥҲ̫ʵ˼ҲÿġҿЩǻûǳĺ, ƹԭϾͲ̫á
úã˵˼۸ҲơĹ˿Ͷȥˣ˵ǵĲƷȻƷʲܶ࣬ҲǲܽͣҲ˵ĲƷЩ˵Ҳ޿
ǵģҪǵļ۸̫ˣǵļ۸񻹲֮һǳҲ˽һ롣˵СӣǳҲԽԽѡ
ڵĳõǰеǳĹģĴö࣬ԭõͳСģѡԭϣÿһ˿
ǳе̶ȲߣЧʵͣҲ򵥣˵ĶҲӦñĻãʵƷʻҪһЩԭĿǰҲֻܲ²ԭϸá
˼۸ǻЩأʡ
ǴžӺÿɣװÿʽҲҪһЩԼǸù
һ̫ϸԱȣܿߵĲࡣ
ǵİװҲеطɫǱԵЩˡ
ҪϣĶžôڴҵϣҼ۸񻹱ˣȻˡ
Ǿˣۡḻˣѡ˽˷棬Ѿ˸⣬㣬ҪǸһٺúһƣƷгλʵҲԣ¹滮һ¿϶úܺá
ô࣬ҲԼƣܾù۸һû취Խ
װͬǸ⣬ЩƺͰװ϶ǿֹɵģ˲š
ЩԼһɵ飬սߣûʽҲûʱģֻҪǮ͵ùŴ󼪡
ЦʽҶѶͦģôģ
ΪʲôûأСʲôãԺöȻѽһִ˵ֽһ˵ɣҲл
УȥֽʣǾʹͷһ飬ȰÿдٶӦд㡣
ҪдԼ뷨ԼдֻҲǲȫʱҲٿǫá
ãʱȻǺģѾоҲдֻǲ˼ֱ˵ֽʵݸдȻһдá
Ҳ˵дãӹֽʣǫһ£Ȱҵ뷨дͷԼŻܸʡ
ռ뵽СƶЩҲģڴڽԣõֽʵĵһ뿪ʼȲֽϿ
ֽ϶»˸ͼͼÿÿǳھ㣬ÿĿȺһǶӦķְƷƷӪƹ㷽
ͼʾһ˼άͼչϸ
ռ򿴹ǰķٿҲ治ѣֻһĿȻѧʱûѧôҲ֪ôᳵ·
̧ͷ۽ȷһ
һ˶ҪʶҲĿɿڴСѧЩҲ̫˰ɣˣĲЩʲôһĿȻ
ȫ̸һˣǸ̤ʵϸϸˣӲǺܴۿʼֱ̫ӿɵˣֻдѧܻĶ
˵ѧ󾮳Ƕ٣ֻнʦСеĴѧڴĿѾ˴˵Ӵ󾮳ǳȥͺٻ
ĵطûйһѧҲûϡж쿴һ񣬵˼ֻǳƾ
ݸٿûҪģÿһڵ㶼ϸȥʱ䷢չҲ
̫ˣӹȥ˲Ϲ̾ϾϿźÿģҪµģúúÿݡ
ռﻹе⣬ǽһĻ
ϸ˼ܿ쿴Ĺؼ㡪ĿȺ۾һˣ˼ǵõλǰɣ
ǵģôáĲƷôãӦøЩͶ·ߣӦ߶λͬƷʵȺڵļ۸ʵˡѶλ׼ˣźƶƹӪеķʸ
о˻ȻʣݷֿԽԽϲҲ¶ЦݣС̫ˣô벻ЩҪǸǾ۸û취ˣ¶λҶҪٸǾ
ûƣ㻹кܸߵżѧѧƷƷôãҲмǾŶ԰
ǣҵıǵĺúܶࡣ
ʱļ尾κͲʣʱҪСˣû뵽̶̰磬Сǳϣ
ڼͻȻסռϲҶ֪ôлˣһͰѳҪúһӡ
ռΪˣͻȻӵסһס
ûôʱ̧ıûⲻûҾ˵ҪǣԺ󻹸ҲԼһӲ
ýЩƽʱЩռƽʱĴο
ԺͻȻԼմʱĳռܵʪģ·Ҳմܼ࣬ǿر
Ҳ֣ʵһҲ෴дգʵ̲
ֻʮӣܿ״̬ռǳˣǸӦǵģҪǽǹ˵İѳˡ
ԭռЦ
ҲŸˣ˵ϲ㣡ҶҲиģҲлС硣ʱ䲻ˣҵûȥˣ´νǣСǳ϶չúܺˡ
°ɣͬˣ֮ǰҲȲѣȥǸ
㣬һǻȥɣǶķҲǺܶҲһæҴ绰ϣҰҲϣһȥڼţһȥæ
˵𣿡̫ȷǲɣܾԼԲסȻæôﲻæء
ģȻȥҪԺ󻹽ǣǡִҪߡ
ðɣҲСȰʱӭ㣬ֻҪǣͼǵһҪҡ
͵վռе˸Уռұءô꣬Ӵ磬󽻵ϺõҲ
֮һҪ뿪󾮳ˣ֪ʲôʱټ˵һӶˡ


68 
, ռ׼ӳվֱӻؼҡ
Сǳ飬, ʣµȻ֪ô
˸߼׷, Сǵһ¡
ô㣿ͣסŲͷʵ
ͻȻи뷨˵Ҳ, ҪҸط˵ǲżؼҰɣ
żȥҲǵСԽЩ£㶼С
Ǻ, ߰, ȥȲ衣顣
󾮳ʱҲûȹݣưɲʺϣҲֻвݿѡˡ
˾ͽһңרҪ˸䣬˲ˮһЩʳ
Աǵ˲, ϰųȥſڵҪ˵ĻǸСǳ, ûȤһҪǼ룬Ժ϶øá
һռ̫ףʵҲͦæģ˼, ԺлỹҪ飬ôҲܳʱǡ
ǰСô, Ҫһ𣬲ԺСǳ󡣡˵ûȤϾҲʲô¶æ
ûʲôҲ飬ռʲô£ǺѣæҲӦõġ
ҾֱӸ˵˰ɣЦҾС˲ԼޣҪǼСԺָˡ
ŶÿԼռ򽭿
飬ԼҲʼδԼɴû
ҲǸողе뷨ӦҲû﷽ʽɣȻѣǸ⣬ҪҪٿǿǣԼҲûмĿԡ
˵ǣԴ̬ȣӼᶨԼ뷨ҲٿˣҲҪκԼС˵㡣Ը⣬ĺܹ룬﷽ʽ£ҲҪʲôƽʱܰųⶼС
һĿͳ⣬Ц¹˲ϲ롣
ҪľĴǰҲġһͦɣϽǾͼɣҲ˵ģ϶һļ漰鶼ڰֽ֡
ʵҲ֪˿϶ԼĳԶ滮˼ҲԼҵͶһСǳ
УҸռһ£ٸ𸴰ɡ
ðĵСڻǸ˲һոռ˵ԼڽҪռǿǣãǻȥһ£ڴźϢ

ȥռԽԼˣΪʲôҪҹһ
˵ҪģЦž͹£ʲôõģ
ûı϶Ǹ޹ϣ˵Ҷס
ҾͦģΪǸˣ˵޹Ҳûʲôðɡ
͵űЦɡ
Цȥɡ
ø񣬡ռǸ˵ģֻ󻷾ձ壬ᱻƲռһᣬĽЦ˵ôģ
㿴Ҿ˵Ҫ˵ҾС
Ҫģ˵
ҾÿԣƵ˼ǰǳҲֵǮģﵹǸѡ񡣡
ǵǣҲĻ϶Լǿܶ࣬ܰǸСչռʾ֧֣Ҳ﷽ʽôźʣôأøֳɰɣ
һռɵķʽӦöģ쿴ķɡҵ뷨ǹ⻹ܻͶǮ
ͶǮͬܲҪġ
ͬģƶķʽͶȥǮ¡ҪˣûǮҲٰܿҵ
ҲԣǮҪķʽͶǮûˡռ룬еͶǮԺٲߣķʽҲô£Ȼ˿ʵĸо
ûҲұԭΪͶǮռԽԽˣѧʱǸ߲Ȼһ͸ʵҲ˼ֻû˵˭ǳ·ȱľǮ
ţҲÿ˵ɣء
̲סĴָ
ǵȻˣΪֻԼ𣿱Ҳ𣿡
ôˣ

ڶ죬͸ǩЭ飬ûǮ̸ͶʽΣҲдЭ
Ҳûо飬ʯͷӣټһѧûʵۣһʼҪٷ֮ʮŵռɣԼϰ壬ռɰٷ֮ʮһ
ѽһԼðٷ֮ʮȽϺʵʵ˵Ͱٷ֮ʮ㡣
ȷ˶ִзҲȽĻһҲҪ䣬ʹǰװҲԭİ취ֹװ
ֻװֽ˸ɸƷʵֽ滹ǰһ㣬ԵΡ
ǻƷװֲͬУṩͬȺ
ЩȫҪˮʱֻٵĲסԭǼˣһԼİ־С
õѡϧ绰ʱȷ˵ʱˣһȺţæ
ֻһ
Сǳ𲽣µľٴЧΣõһʱܽ
󣬽ҲֻһߵĹɶƽʱȥϰ࣬Ҳòľ
»ƽʱҲ⣬ʲô뷨ȥ˵һС
СԽҲҪ̫ྫ̯λֻҹÿ쿪ǰȥһ̯ǵʳƷȫȻͽѹ
ÿ춼ļһκ˶ΣСҹп˵ǳȫ
һСĲƷΪиȤһСռͻرæ
Ҹʱ䣬ȥǼҵţͻȻȤ
˵ҪȥʲôռΪԼˡ
ȥţظһ飬˵Ǽţر𣬿жá
͡ռЦ磬ȥţʲô㲻Ҳţɣ
Ǽʱռ˵绰æţ·˵ţõòˣȴ󾮳ĺúܶࡣ
һ͸ȤȻҲǺҸȤڱϾҲ޷˵ҵʲôûᡣ
ǿ˵׼˵ţǸѡ񡣡
Ҳȥռ֪ǿЦʲôõĵӣȥ绰ֻ֪ڵ򣬻֪Ҿλá
ͨ绰Ǹһ˼ҵȥ
˺һӵ绰һ˵ռҪȥˣ˵Ҫǡ
ȻռֹˣԼڶϵĿվͷ
ǼڵӱԶСʱĳ̣ҲõվƱһֻһ˳
ڶǵʱڳվˡ
Ӳ󣬴ӳվһƬլߵǻ˼Ҿҡ
⿴һƬܴĲݵأԶһСӣԶɭ֡
羰ôð
ȫû뵽һЩƾɵС澹Ȼĵòһ±ס
ܴСﳤû÷羰жÿ֪ҪţȲȴȥţɡ


69 Դ
˸Ƭɭֲݵ, һֱߵ˲ݵмСӣſԶɭݵ֮иСɽ꣬һȺţͷвݡ
ɭ, ݵأС, ţȺȥһ羰
ǵһμôţģӡţȦ
ĵһӦ, ôȥôõķ羰Ҫƻɡ
ϱǸⷢѣȥܶط, ܶ౻ƻķ羰, ԻС
ţȺ࣬һܿҲʮͷ
ɵƻӦúܱܿȻҪ, ò꣬ݵؾҪɳء
Щţȫҵ𣿡
, һ겻иݽҰִģʱȫСţ, ڶˡҲأҪҪ
ð, ˣͶͦôţ򡣡
ⶼǴģͷҲǵӴÿȹϢҪ٣ѹܴͷһ¡
˼Ҷû𣿡ǰ˵ũ壬һ£ܶ˶Ч£Īţż̫ߣҲ
ʱûУܷţĵط࣬Ҽңֻһ˼һһƬĵطǼ˲ھţǼҰǮٸǼҷֳɣҰֲͬ⣬ҪǮԼˣΪʲôҪ
˵еֻƬطܷţطأ
ĵطأָǰɽֵٿɽԶ߾ͺܶͣҲûʲôݣȫ
ǼƬطǵ񣬲طҲţҪˣԺݿ϶ԣ˵ݵػͺģ̽ŵ
ǵģҲܶ࣬һͷţֻЩ㹻ˣ˻̣ط
ͷԼȵˡ˵Żֱߣ㡱ѧ˼Уһ춯
һȺʹͷȫǣڵġ
ռûƣŵʶŽ°ڸϽˡ
֪ȺƽʱιϰˣһͳҪԵġһռô£Ͻ󣬡û±£ҳԵģˡ
ȻڵȺ嵽Ǹǰ˲٣Χ˸Ȧһ˫˫۾̰ؿǡ
ҪԵĳôףһΪǴǵزˡռӽЩּӲЩ
һΪǰءЦǰΣվͱûǴĻǵһ
ڲǿֲܶǰҪǰһǳһ¾Ͱײˡ
治УԺұ㡣
ռϽһ£Աߣе㲻˼
ټһ仰㲻黰ߵũҲΪ顣
װûӶ˸װӵݹ벻ιιǣ
ôιռڸЩùϵ汻ǹιҲ𣿡
ԵģǲˡʾȥǾͻԼˡ
ռͦ˼ٿЩɽҲôˣеɰԣͦġ
һȥüֻһѷӿֻɹԵףԱʹ
ĳ촽ռϰ޶ߣѸ٣վеģһ׾ͱֻ޶ˣ̧߽ͷ۾̰˿δ
ôҲôռԲݻҪʳ
żιһ㣬ǻ᳤øãҲ׺ɽյιʳʱʱιЩΡ
Ҳι𣿰ʲôǳأ
ǣʳۣҲð趫εǻԼųԡ
ֱΣ𣿡
סˣЦɣҿǳԵÿˡ
ʲôʱιΣռʾҲ뿴
ؼȦι
ôô棿ʵǰҲûռôƵġ
ûҸúʵġ㲻úȤ𣿡
ȷʵͦȤġ
ռĻýһ뷨ָȷһ飺ղ˵һ˼Ҳһĵط
ǰôˣ
û£ͻȻʡ
еĪҲû룬ռôϲָŲݵصһߵռҴȥСᣬǱСᣬȴɰˡ
߰ɡ
ǰ棬һں棬߱˼ղһǸͷ
ݵһ߼ΧһȦΧŸճõС裬ԶͿС汼Ϸˣ
̶رɰСҲ⣬ɾƯռܹȥֱӰСᱧͰ֡
Ϊţ򲻶࣬ݵغܸɾֱݵϣֵˬʱڣֵطر
ռһֻСԱߣëֻˡ
һֻСᣬ°ʹֻС׹رɰë⡣һԴռһ¾ͺˣõˡ
ռתͷȥֻڽضǿϽСͻΧǸԲԲֻǸһ£˺ġ
ռ»صߣܱղֻ𺳵ˣһûʶģǵӲ˰ɡ
һԵЦû£ô뷨ϲͱ¡
ûղŵɣ϶뷨ġռԼĲ²⣬ǿһһͺˣðߡ
ж趼һ϶ᵣԼĺӡ
˵ʶ仰©١
ַͶ۷⣬ټһϱӰǸˡ
ռ򿴹˶һۣǷҲںַͶ۷ˣһЦ͹ȥˡ
ռȻһ˿ʧ䣬˵˸⣬ǼԴƵġ
Ƕɡ
ﻹҪæ˰Ժɡ
ҪϲԺ;ͻȻ
Ժֻ»ԽԽæô᣿
Ǿʹᡣ
ҿô졣
ռûĻ££˵ţţûô⿴ˡ˵ǼҪţǰͷ𣿡
ǰţɣһͷŻˡ
ֻЩ׳ˡռ
Ұȥʹģ׳ļ۸̫ͣǼţЩţãιɱҲߣǾͿˡַԲŴ绰㣬ûʶ˰ʡ
ûʲô·أ
ʱûУ˵￴ӦͦҵҰֿɳˣҲż
˵Ǽţĺãأ
Ҳ˵Ұ˵һͷġ
Ǿ߰ɣȥҸȥ
á
Ȼûæҵ·֪б£ûֹ̫ۣҲȼһϣ˵СǳһܽǼҵȼü֮ء
ߣ·խǰ·ռں档
ռʽа취𣿡
ҡͷؼÿǼţֻҪˣ뵽Щ취
Ҫͷţô֪ֲȥء
⣬ţòãÿʣ⿴Ҳ֮˽һ˵ɡ
š
ң֪ţģİְرˡ
ܵʱ˵Ĵϰ壬¸ǰϣλġϰ塱ϡ
ѹ󣬽ֱʣ壬˵ҵţһţúܶ࣬ҪЩطܸ˵˵𣿡


70 ϵƭ
һ˵ҵţ, ¾˵ĻȻţû۹һͷ
˵Ǽҵţǹţɽţӽģȡ֮, ˸ԵĲ㣬Ŀǰȫõţ
ܲ΢㣿綼ȡ˸Щô, Щ㣿
µҲ˵ܶడŵ̫ˣûʲôȱ㡣
Ӹ潲һţŵ㡣ܽţι, ÿ죬ʸߣʺãӪḻ, ȫǱ, ţƤʺȥƤߵһࡣ
˵˺һͨ˵컨׹֮ţŵһѣȱһûУ˭˶ر𸡿, ȫš
ٺõţ⽭ϱҲԹϧûЩƷţĻţʲô, ȻȺúÿţԱһҲС
ǷѾӽţƷ֣ҲǺе, ʱٺõţҲʮĺá
£壬˼ţһȱ㶼ûˣ
ûС, رƶæ䣬ҲûУһȱ㣬Ҫһ㡣
˵Ц
뷴ϾԼҲûţ⣬ҲǴţΪʲôôġ
ǽţľ£˵Ҳһ겻ôͻȻ;ţأ
ŶҲǻԵɺϵ飬µһԶݽܵġ
ʼ渵ǽּƷţԵľ
ǼиԶݣǸݼҶع˵ĵطһֺܺõţü
ǼȫûȤ˾͸˵ǸƼƼҲУţܺãƼ˾£ţЩôҲ˽ˡ
ɲɣһ½ǸҲһһľĵԺϣǸݾ˳ڰƼţ˵ˡ
εһܸȤ˿뱲ũˣﻹö죬ּƷţҪôã˿϶¸׷ݴôţ
һôӦȥӡ
ڶݾϵˣ˵˽ǵȥһӹĵط
ǵطþʡתȻСʱĳܵǷѾ
ʱѾӶţˣҪԣû˳ƱȥݵĶӣҲһȥ
˵طݵĶǳԷԵȫţ硣
Բ³԰ռֱҪΪ֮⣬ǰԹţȫһ
ҲܷḻÿλһûÿóԵúܡ
극ݵĶִȥָõţ⣬ǸҲжƯִʯƵѩ⣬û˵ţܳôÿ
ݵĶӱܣ˵ոճԵֿľѩ⣬һղųԵζˮˡ
ΪݵĶ˵ˣԷǺŵģÿֲ˵СÿƷһƷˣһǡ
ÿһţҲͳһڣǸѩҲֻԵһСûˣڶӻš
⿴𺳣µ֪۸ŵ˵ţţһţö౶
ʱͺԼǣһûȲߴݵĶӣϽԼȥţôȥ
ԸԳžȥţˡ
ǵطиΧΧźܶڳ۵Сţ
һʼ۸ٴզࡣеĻóֻһͷ룬һǹţ
˼ţľǷֳţ̵ģĸţ
ԭͷȥһͷţȫĸţ˲УȻ׳ģڲҲûĸţ
ϣҡͷ̾ݵĶӿ˵ƷֵţֳǺܸѵģһũԼû취ɣרɣȻٰСţũȥ
ָѧϵĶģ֮һ仰صרҽ׬ǮũԼܸ㶨
Ǽһﻹ˵ڱ˶Ǵţȥˣʮͷȥһһȫ壬кܶʣ࣬ţ׬Ǯ
ε¸УһҧؼҴѼжѺˣĥӲ˺üھӰ
ǧʮͷСţ
λݵĶָƼͰԼԭµǮҲóȺ򣬺ȺԲУ
ռЩλģǸڵƤͰ
һʱûӻҲеżʵǰõְ֪ţľʱҲһֱڴġ
С磬Ұǲ˼ƭˣ
ѽʲôƭˣֲСӣ⻰Ѿǵһαô˵ˣ͹Ǯţȫôû
ˡ
Ҳ¶ϵƭˣڲǰٷְȷҲö˵ֻô˵ţȷʵģؼÿţǲԹôá
ռʵ壬СţʱûпţأǲǸ⼸ͷһ
ţûֻСţġ
Ǿֻܿţôˡ
һͷǵһͷҪһʱ꣬ǲǿˣһͷţһǧŻص˱ء
һǧܻرò̫ԣ˵ʱһͷٶһ귭һŻرȱͶڡ
ϣֲǸ˸Ұ˵ţƽʱųȥԲֻʳʳιϲУÿҰִӱĵطǮȥأһͷţĳɱ͹ǧˡ
ţƷֺãǵҰݵȻУεֱ׳ǼضûׯˣҲֲιţ⻹ûɱأȻҪЩ
Ǽţţûʲô𣿡ռԽԽˣǸղҲû߽˿
ȷʵĲһúֺԲ󣬿ҲǱصĲһƷ֡ϰֵţһϣԭ
ֻ²ۣôãֲԲѰ
ʣǸţϵأҵ𣿡
һʳֵ²ˡ
һҲˣ˼ƭǮʧˣϵˣ϶
ôһ飬һ˿˿ϣҲ𣬵Ҫ
ſǻҰֶû˵ȫǸ˻˵ţǰأ۸һͷǧ飬ϸ¸һǮ˾Ҳϵˡ
ӦЩûǩʲôЭ֮𣿡ʡ
ҡͷٴαֳĬ
ռ̾˿û뵽һô顣
ѾԲ֣С磬ռǰ취࣬æ취ɣô찡
Ҹ㽨飬ȥһͷţţֻһţǼҲ˷ѣҲȻøࡣ˵ҲûǮˣţݣԺϼۡ
ֳͻȻ
ǰ»٩٩̸
֣øⰡöš
ҿĿ¼׹⣬ĿֱǰΪҧùϵļ
˼ӣһվ߽һӻ
ʲôȥ켱ˡ
ռҲòԣϽ˹ȥ
ռæȰ壬ż취ͺˣûйȥĿ嶯
˰ѳ⵶һ¶׹⣬ѼŵùǺ
ռ壬ǾˣҼһæС
š´ӱ߳һ֣Ըȥţϻ
һΪҪʲôأ׵ˡ
ռȥţؼңߵһ룬ռųһɿץŽС۵֣Ķʪˣˡ
§§򣬰οûˣǶǸƭġ
ǸҲǵһμְӣʱҲɵˣ˵ǸԲռС磬Ұֿһʱ벻ͨԡ
ûϵƭôãƭôǮ˭ġռ
ڵģҾһţⲻӣ᲻ܲˡ
һţȥʱ˳Ҽ׳ھһ𣬡˰æţҪǵʱȷϵƭڳ˶࣬ҶúȰȰ֣ͨġ
ãҲֻˡ
¸ղŵӣе£ҲֻĻְҪʲôס
ҵǵǰţϻؼңȥ׳꣬Ѿ˺ˣÿ˸˱׾ţҪɱˣҲ׳׳
Щ˳һͦˣţ˭ˣ
һͷ̫ţӲţϣ׳һ߹ȥӡ
ռϽرȥˡ
Ҳϲֳ棬̫˼ܵ
ЩЦνҪҲܵԼҲںֻռҪʧˡ
ɲţˤţĴֻһվš
ƫƫʱºȥæţѪһǼʵڲֻȥæֻӲͷƤȥ
ûãǹĵҪˡ
µ˸̣
ҲϣԲʧȻԸǲܵġ
׳Сɻ¶Բô֡
ܿţͽʿˡ
ģ𰸲ԶѾ˵һС
ǼæھҲ֪ţʲôȻţˣҲñֵ̫¶ǡ
˷׷װο£˵һǵһҲȫǻ£ͷҵǸƭӣҲҪơ
˼Ǻ޺ͻڣҪʱǸƭӸҳǰ˵Դš
Ҫǵö࣬ôţ⣬϶ҵطȥ
Ȼˣ˸һϿܻû£ǲϿ϶ҪζʱֻӸҰˡ
Ҳеڣְֻ֪ᱻƭͲȥˡ
뿪ǣְִСҲȥǮְôۣȴĽ
ҵ취ţ⡣æ˻æʰżת
ʶ˼һ£һ⿳ˣȥϰ̯ռ飬ٿ϶һЩġ
ԣǸð취лл㡣ҵ˷жռС磬Լһҵȥˡ
Ҹһɡռ
ЪšæܾܳţҰȥţ⣬ߵü죬ռԼôܡ
㣬̫żˡ
ܳţεֱҡͷ
ռҲܲζ
һЩȥɣռҲǰǼ㸺
ͷҲôģûȥӵƷ
æļ»ܲˣԾգţû˵ҲɱţˣôõĻû㿴ˮģҿˮˡ
ǵû˵ٻţȻµԵѩţǱϾϳֲ۲ݳģĺܺá
ǲţǸţ°ͷӵϣݺݵزһš


71 ôô뷨
²˵ʱ, ѿ˵̬ѾһЩչ黹ǲòʵ
һҲ, Ϊ벻ͨɳʲôɵ¡
ܱʶ˼ңʮţ, в˺ҲǼæˣҲ׼ÿһߡ
˵ϵƭҺ޹ϵ, һԮ֡
¸˿ţ⣬Сһ裬ý, Ӹֵôϡ
Ǹæ˺ͽ׼, Ҳ⿷ʽֻһζ϶ˡ
½½ǼĴжʮˣȻʱһţãҲгǡ
Щ˵˾ֵ, ҪţҲȵ죬гˡ
ɬ, ʵҲﲻ϶æÿһﶼˣ˶Ｘģı⡣
㽭, Ҳܴߺܶ࣬ҲǼ⣬ʮ
Զ˵, ЩǱˮн顣
һʱ䲻˷ѣŪ˸ũС峵һϲţȥϰ̯
һʼ˺ܶ࣬ϧֻΧۣ˺١
Щ˵Ǽҵţڲͬ뿴һţҲûʲôҲǿŸˮһЩˣ׷ɢȥ
ʱһһţ̯ϵţȴûԽԽż
ǣôȥɴţƻؼңռռҸһȥɣȥ̯϶ǿܶһ㡣
ȥ磬ռͽÿԣµôһȥţ⡣
ºʧ䣬Ҳ벻õİ취Ҳֻˣлˡ
õҲһ꣬飬Ҫ»ţɣñһЩ
ǲ֪ţô
طǰţûţֶ¾ûѣ׳ԡ
ǰӴ󣬲ϵƭʧأһˣȷû鲻һҪʧһͷţţ⡣
ĵⶫҲûѣǼϽţζٹɾˡ
ö˵ȥһЧ˵Ҳ٣ʱ¿϶Ҳ᳢ԡ
ҪϳȥŵһⶼԣæԼŻԼԡ
ֻͰװţ⣬һⵣڼϣһǳȥ
ôȥģһȫʣţֻȷŵ棬ҪǺȥ
żæųţøϽǵĳ
ȵũóгſڰ̯ʱࡣȵ°ʱٵֿڰ̯
ռûǣԼţȻص
û뵽ûߵſڣԶԶľͿǱΧһˣҲ֪ʲôģֲʲô¡
˼ӿŲʮףȿȺﻹڳ
ѺܿҲǣǸϽȥ
СſһȺ澹ȻǶ۷ͽ罭ơ
ˣʱ֪Ҫʲô
ռֱߵſڣԿ״ţռţݣ˵ｻҴŹϱˡ
ռ򲻷ģϾ۷ַһʲôʡ͵ĵƣУҰţźþͳ
û£أȥɣŹغãҲ棬Ȼ˵ҵꡣ
˻˵۷ǣȺۿҪˣռֻøϽţСĵ㰡
İɡתصϡ
ѱϣ۷ð£ڽ󣬡㿪ȥ¡Щ˶ɢǸ޹ء
ϴζ۷֣ǸռҷּҵʱʱΪӽˤ׵ҪǮ
ʱǾͷֵһƲֿ⣬Լ۷ա
ôʱȥˣ˵ҲóԺˣ۷ͽƲܻΪҽҩѶ
磬ô£һߣֱ˶۷ͽƣҲĹĵķ·Ҫ
ʵҲµģѹʽ˵磬ǲǣ
ǣϾϵˣֻİˡʲôʱģôҲˣ첻ϰ𣿡
ȵСԽ֣ȥ֪ͨҵģҵһʣ˵ˣ˵ǵǣû뵽ûڼҡ
һСʱǰ۷ͻȻСԽ֣һžʹ󺰴ϰ
ʱЩ̯׼ϵĲˣҲ֪øЩԶ۷˵ϰûڡ
۷Դ޲ƿڴŻҪȥҶ
̯Ȳѣֻһȥѡ
ѵ˺󣬶۷һָ׳ȽƻһȦû̫ţ˵ǽͶ磬ѽ
ѵʱˣȻǽļˣôСԽأ
û״ǰҲҶôֻ˵ûҪȥҡ
ʵ۷ǾȵĽС꣬Źţ˺һҲˣſڰСԽֵĹ棬ҵСԽ
˵Ƕȥˣûڡ
Ҳ֪ȥң͸۷˵ǾȥȾˣܿ϶ͻġ
ȶ۷ͽ뿪СԽ»ؽĵ꣬ЩģҲ˹
ֵ˲Сʱûȵռ۷żʼҪŵꡣ
ֻøϽֲҶԶ۷ôϾ˵ǽĸףִܲܶҲðߡ
վڵ⣬۷ͽƶš
۷ܿҲˣָ׳ʵҶô䱾ôˣΪʲôҪǡ
̺ܴһӾΧΧۣҲǽǻΡ
ûٸռҵ˽һΪպ컹û°ַڸڽĲ͹ݡ
պƽѾȫûΧ۶ûȤˣֻҩ⿴ۣȻ̾һ£ռҺͽҵŮ˶ڵġ
׺󣬽ѱʾǸ⣬ǻʱ䣬ȥǾ֣㹤ˡ
Ҫǹ뿪ӵ£˿ɱҷܶˡѵô죿Ҫʲô𣿡
ͰӾͺˣҵðǺߡ
Ѳ֪ǵļ£ҲʣȻӣվ￴ţضŽƣϾƿűȽʵˣҲڵģһҲֵܡ
һ۶۷ɣﵢ£ȥ
ôô˵أһǴ𣬵Ѿסˡ
ûƣԶ۷ٲֻܱˣ£þǴߡ
óζ۷ûǰôţͻȻޣҪ¹һ̱ϡ
СȾǰɣӹôã֪ж𣿡

㲻ܼȰô˵Ҳ谡ﻹֺ磬ûóˣͿˣôŲ𣿡

۷ͣߣԭˡ
Ҫ˵ʱķչúܿ죬󾮳СطҲڱ仯š
󾮳ǴССвξǰҶܿıںܶຣν˼ҳɱͲ󣬸Ǿοɱȵģ𽥾Ͱѱμȥ
һξܼ֣ҲҪͬʱǵһЩ˼ٳɱеֱ˻˹
ܶСξɴͣתвˡҸһֱ򹤵Сξ֮һ
˹Ѿʧȥ˸ػϴˤ׵ԺҲһзϣɵĻƻһ㣬ػҲУϰͶ
ȫҾָŽһСξǮ˸ɵũӡ
СξһֱͣʧҵǾ綼ˡ
ǵ¸ʲôϵ˵һ飬̴ûôʥĸôԭǣҲݵũߵĹ¡
ôôݵģ˵ô㶼ûаѾͶ·ˣ
۷ֹ뱧סȣù졣
磬ٰҿŵ㣬ȥ˷ʱ䡣
۷ΪŻأûûһˣȫȥɳ
ѵдĶϾϣɳ󣬾ö۷ͽƸϽؼң¡
۷ôԾ컹Ǻµġ
Ҳ˽̬ȣɳԶ۷˵˾ݻвԺ£Ͳ
۷ͽƲΣֻܻ˼ҡ

µ飬ҪĶеռֻһ㡣
ţ²ƷʱҲеˣ룬ɴһЩһţɡ
ţгκ͸ֵζϰζЩʱɼɡ
СξѾͣϢרǰСξţ⡣
γ˺񶼱һЩ˵ţЧҲá
ʣ¼ţ⣬͸ٷһԣȫűﴢء
˵ҵ飬ߵʱȥڽֿڰЩţȥ
쵽ƻʱ򣬻û˵ʱ͵ûţ⻹ȷš
ֿڿŮڰ̯һţ⣬Ѿһ룬Ļһ㡣
ʱѾûʲôˣŮģڵ֮ߡ
ǿһЦݡ
С磬ղŻЩأ˵ģлл㰡
ҲлһֱǸĳҲ˵·Ҳġ
ǰǶǺˡ
ÿѣ˵ţôãԼҲԡˣϲжˣҲҪ̯ɣҼҳԷȥ
ǳԹˣԱĿͳԵġ磬ǴӦܰʣµꡣ
Ҳͦ׵ģ˸飺һСԽ˶࣬Ҫȥ̯ԣǱߵƹҲһЩ
ð̫лˣ޲ͨţ⣬ҲٸȥСԽְ̯ȥ
ȥɣһǱߣֱӽȥС
õġ

صռһû֣أǰȥ˰ɣ
һ룬ȥСԽְȥˣȥԣ˶ࡣ
ͦܳԿġռμǵ£ڻеֲ̫ףǼﻹоͷţأҶͷۡ
ţջصɱҲǻеĺˡͷоͽţɣǾͷţʵ̫˵㡣
ʵڲлֻܿ׳ϣְܳһǵһǰɣƭˡ
ʵǵطЩţͦõģұǣĻ˼һһƬĲݵأһûüʡ
ʲݵʲôռ򲻽⣬˵ǻ˼ҲûȤţ˵Ҳ֪˵νܺõţǼٵˡǵطͨţҲǮ
羰ð㲻˵ϲǻ˼ҵĲݵسапǾȥ档
ڿʲôЦǲɵȥֱȥˣΪʲôҪаֲǲȥ
аȻ飬˵ҲһЩĶȻȥ棬Ҫҵţʱ˵Ͳˡ
ñȥͲˣռ̫˼ҪôףǻҪôԶ̯𣿡
Ϊż˵ĵôӳ顣ǵ˵˵һȥﶼȤСʱ򡣡
ǰ˵ʲôأռɻԴʡ
˵ѲݵسаЩȤĶȥ棬˳ſͶˣסһǮĻᡣ
ռ˼һ˷ܵ԰ôô뷨ĻҲԾ͵ţˡ
ǰʹĲҲء


72 
°̯ţ, һֱڵСԽҹдȣʣµİ뵣ţһ롣
ĳɼԤҪãΪҹļ, ƽʱû顣
֮һЩ, ҪһֱŽ
ʱСԽֹгѾѵʳʹһƬ
ԸˬΪʵڣͬʱ˵һҶ, ֵͬʱҲϲ
ĵ˵ţõòˣг򲻵, ǳǱɽʵʵιʳ۲, ű֤Ҫǲãʱ
ⲻǴ󻰣Լ֪Ʒô, ũóгıȣƷʴ´ࡣ
Ҳͻ˸񵣱, ԴҶ˵Ļ˵ƹҲܿȷʵ
°̯һڣûʲô, ȫ̶Ѽ˾Ƽ
Щ˿ţȷʵѵ뷴þûţ, úܣȥüҲͦá
һһģСʱӲ̯ϵһ롣
̯հڳ㾭飬һѴãһҲûϡЩĴʣѵĴɤǰȫû֮أҲʧȥս
ҲرмҪҹСԽţ⣬˵ҪЦ
챿̫˵ѿļ۾ЩȣС´ҸľƣϺõĸƣСÿһ
ϺòϺò֪ǵطĸƷǾѡĵƣһҲûȹǸõľˡ
壬õģҲ˳ߺߺȣÿЦŵ
УһҪݷС㣬ҵĴˡ
ƽʱĲںӣһʱҲ仰סˡ
ˣͶô󻹴û˭˵ԼĴˣͦҵġ
Ҫ˵罭ƭţ¼ͷӲ˻ȥ
ɼСһ飬ũѾ£һӵĻ˴һ²׼ճʱȴͻȻƭ
ӲʴֲڣʵҲкܸԵһ棬뵽Ще㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
οĻҲ̫˵Ǿ͸ɴ಻£УȻôǣҲͲˡСҵĵ֣ҲӦ㣬ҲġϺõĸƣϺõţ⣬䣡
һͨĻ˵ӯĴﶼ˵鼤ţֻһӦ֣
һѾ̲סˣ˿Ҳû˽ռǣȻֱǿܻڹﲻ֪Ѿϵƭ
鲻һֱڹһҪ֡
﷢飬ְֵԸȲȥ᲻벻ͨʲôͨҲڼ̺ƾƷȫ벻Ӧ֮ߡ
Ļ뵽ǵСʱ뿪ǣְ־ǳ̺ƾƣûûҹڼʲôҲɣʱֹһ
ʱְͻǺܴ󣬻˴߳ͣʲô߳
ô죿ҲǺܴҲǺ
뵽߰һĵطŲһ͵͵ᡣ
ڿһϣǸŮ̫أһ뵽ﻹоͷţŴûǮѹˣеԳܡ
ŤͷûڸղŵλãתŷǱߺڰſء
ٿ£ҲȥοһŮŮѾǱˣҲֻԼ۾
û취ֻԼ߹ȥʵ죬ûи죬;úȫ̫裬̫ǣɴ಻ˣָӣôˣ㡭
û˹Ļû£˹ﲻסˣŬŻǿ޳ʱҲתֱӰѶͷѼϡ
߹Ů޵ģԼҲѹҲܰѶ˵·ʪ˲ǡ
ְ̧µ˻ȥЩ׾ûµӣûйȥĿǻ취ҵڣԴǽһ٣Ҹ˵û˵⡣
ٶȲᣬйͺöˣ̧ͷָ˼ллǣ
ٺ٣ǵǸǵлѾôһˣ˺˾͸ˡ
С
СԽֵʳǶˣҲʰöżҪʣµţûȥﴢ棬˲ٳҹ
ǼߣҲȥҪ±ʣµţ⣬ºܲ˼
صңȰţű䣬¹˲һ¾ҪȥϢҪȥũóгţ⣬»ҪȥѼЩҲ
£Ҳǿռǣܾˣ˵練ܽҲİԼȥС
ŮǼҳŵʱʱͻȻ˵Ҫͣȴûܾ
ߺռô£˵һͲУ;Ϳˣ
Ҳһ˿˿΢ҲԣǴһȥ̫鷳ˣһȥͻõ㡣
ûһ»صǼңƿһž͵ﲻ̫˳ǼҺȵ˵˵
㻹ȥư˵ղŴǱߴƿˡռƽʱȾƣֻСԽֵĻûдġ
ѱ±߰ƿšҪһƿƶѡ
ֻӣϾԼ֪ڻָ壬ξƲմҲһܲܺϲȰ
磬ȥŪԵ¾ưɡռ
ȥŪɣվղſƣţ⣬ţŪ¾СرʣŪҵţⳢ
ðһˣλ˵ͷһ˴һϺõĸƣ˵ţ϶䣬㿴ҸղҲǸơ
УȥŪǩţٿǲǾ䡣
һţгɱƬʳۺһˮץˮ֣ɵۼץȣټһͷˮơ
һÿˮһǩ׼ôнĩС׽
ǩţƬŽ͹ͷըը΢
ѽĩС׽㣬뽴ͳ㣬ټըõţⷭʳΡǡȻۡۡʮ㡢ۺͰ֥ϷȣЩͷװ̣ϴл
һǩţѲѾֱ׽ǩ
һһԽɿڣۣҲرóԡ
ţôó԰̫óˣѳ˺óѾҲĴݡ
Ǹƾ𣿡
䲻ϡ
ǿҵľƲˡ
ÿӼһռ򣬡Ҳ²Ʒء
ʱռԱ߿붼룬϶óԣ׽סǩһڽţԽȥÿһƷҪʲôʻݣֻҪ֣ء
УǾӼζԭζģȻģģģģģһһЩţеǡ
һǰɣѵɴ۾ʣҪѡѰ
ᣬǿÿһģǳ
ġ
Ѻ˿ھƣŵҪǳǲҲ԰æ⻺ҵѹˣ
԰ǻᾡ취Ҳ˫Ӯ顣
ԣ˫ӮãҲ̫ѹҿҪǵǣǸŮܻеѹ˫ӮǾͲˣ˫ӮҲáֺһھƣ̡ͦ
ͷû˫ӮӮõ顣
ռЦŶ˵磬㻹ͦϸĵģΪ롣
ˣҶѣܰͰһѰɣ˼ȷʵҲסѶ˶٣Ҫ˵ƭ̫ɺޣǷᡣ
ǿ϶ģǼҲûر֣һһҲͦȥˡţкö⣬СĶСԣõʵޣҿũóгҲһ㣬ʵĿܻǴұȽϲִԡ
ţҪҲÿһ̯Ҳ취ʾͬ
ҿУ˿Էֿһģһģһ㲻󣬻ø졣
ãôɣѼúԼһ͸飬Ū¯ӣŪڴúܡǰһȥ췹Ǳ߰ڣǸŶ
ҪǾһģһЩܲʲôģѼ۸ǮĳԣûǮľٵģ۸͵ĲܰѸĿߡ
ЦҿôһŪŶ÷衣ʳأţ·ҪʳҲ˰ɡ
ʳ˰ɣʳ˼ǮģҲ鷳ٸ췹ɡ
ˡЦ
ռЩģһŶƼô죿
ңʱһ̯ҾţǸûС
ռͷ͵Цڣ϶ҡ
ʶԼеʧ̬ϽͣǼһҺͿˣϴǰ̯ðϹ֣ڱҸʰһأԺ󲻹۸˭ҶĲ
ռ˵ʱ򣬶æ
ǶֵһᣬҪܳΪ𣿡

ǿ׳ҲãһƿƲŻصλᣬǼҲģֻһϰࡣ
پȵúܿģǰһȵƾƣ߸Ǽȵ㣬ѾܾûôʹˣȻ춼û˸һȡ
***
ڶ죬ʱ򣬽Ǹ
ҪʣµȥҪؼȥѼЩҲ
ڻ̫磬ÿΨһһ˳ų²װ˷Ѱʱ䣬·ȥ
Сʱĳ̣С·һСʱܸϵҡ
۵ķ˵ˣȥڴ¯һԽãҲ׼һ
²̫ȷ취òãĵİ塣
ǰֵһôƣò¡
ƣһͻȻ˵˵ҪǴϺõĸƣԺеǻڵȰ¡
δҲ̫ʵˣѹôƭ
ΪǴţⶼǺܺõĴ⣬Խʣ¶ˡ
ǩţ⣬ܿ⡣Ҫȥһ̯ȥЩܲһԲ;ߣ׼緹ʱ̯ţ⡣
µһϣһҹû˯ž½ţ⻹꣬ǾͿܻỵ
û뵽һָ˸취˵ʣµȫˡ
ֱӸ˿ڣССллˣǵĴ¡
ռϽ壬ôǸǺѣæӦõģ˵ţҲΪҪ
ллռ򣬻С磬ллǡİ˴æˣһӶġ
ѽ˵ЩģռЦ㲻Ҳ𣬵ϰʱҡ
ǸôܸȣǲŶ¡
˲˵Щˣͣһһȥгˡ
¸̾ϻǺ˶డ
***
ϵǩţܳɹõǺΡ
ǰ˵οڸкãʺ㺣֮ʳʺߣʺտ⣬㡣
֪ǲģǩţԱһ¡
ǵҲкܶƷţţɣԺ͸ӷḻˡҪþĸ㣬ʹþξһ㡣
ǩţ⣬ʹõβͬȫһ˲ԼƷռƷķݸóԡ
ǾһЩȻ󣬵Ǻܶʱôһϸ΢𣬾Чγ֮
ЩСξڷ׷׹رգԺ˵ȫʧԷһŪһԼá
ڴһ£𽭼ǰ򹤵ǼСξȥ


73 ջ
ǼСξڳ, λҲԶΪΣȻ·, ƽû, ҲûŢ
СֳʮӾ͵ˡ
طʵһСׯһСξׯξγ, ֱﻹһ˼ҿЩСξ档
һׯϣ;úϤУΪԭﳤ
ҪǼξλҲׯͷ, Сһ̫, ԺҪѸͶȻҲῴ
Сǽһֱ򹤵ĵطԺҪǱԼģƱҪ£ܷ
ҲԺ, ڹ˲ϹЩ
һ·ׯСֳ⿴, ҾҲͣˣʰЩεߡ
Сһֱ·ľͷһСƽͣ¡СƽǸСξƾɾɵһѾͷˡ
Сƽд, ￴ûˡ
תһȦĲ, û仯е˼Һûסˡ
Ա·Թ˼⣬Ļǽ˹Ǽҡ
ΧĿյЩ׺߲ˣֻЩ׿ȥģĵط׶ʱˣǼĻûʼҺ롣
ºηḻҲƫԣͲʺׯڣҲΪû¸ɲϵġ
˹ݶðһ̣Ȼ˵ġϸһ˵ԣڳܡ
ҲǴӽ˹ҴģôԶ
һҲ֣ǻ˼һ㣬ĸ˰зϣʧҵڼѻ𲻾׻࿴˳
ҲȤ׼ȿͣСξ棬ǿھǷã豸ڲڡ
ʱͼŭӼߵׯм·Ǿֱȥǳ˼Լˡ
Ŷ۷ҲӼûȥǳСξķ
ϽСƽǽ󣬲뱻λøҪһɧ
žͼ۷ﻹдʲ֪˭첽߽ξСƽ
ξϰҲܸҪˣֱӶ۷ƿŽ档
һǽһ춯һ󷭶졣
ܿ۷뿪
ǽһѶߣǶѶΣԶ۷Ӧȡεġ
Ƶǰ߽ƽ
һƬǽ壬ֹ߶ѵ߰ģһЩûߵɢΣҲٵõǡ
Ǹ۷ǣҲϧ
ҵǿξͰεĹľӸţûƻ
ǵһͣξֹͣҵʱ俴ģҲûһֽʲô˵
ǵҵϰǰҲסׯֻںܶ˼ҺûˣܶѾȥıĵطλϰҲ֪ڲס
ƽߵǸϰҡ
ϰҵķӶҪȱ˼ҺһЩˢ˺ţ澲ĵģҲ
ϣ̧£𣿡
ûʲôӴ˼£û
ת׼뿪ʱ򣬴ȴˣͷһλϰĸס
̫̫еİˣ´һ󣬿ʣ˭
Դ׸ռҺûٻλ̫̫Ҳˣǲ
⻧˼ճ£ʵ̣ǽǵ𣿡
Ŷ̫̫˼ӣˣǽ
û˵꣬ͻȻ־壬Ҫš
һô£ӹͣξ½û룬ǿ϶û֡
£ҲµģҸ˹Ͷ۷Ҳǵˣҽҳϰģǿξ֪𣿡
̫̫˵Ϳȷʵֵģڷһ㡣
Ŷˣǰȥ˼ң˵ȥ˼ͦãġҲ֪ǿھڲѾͣˣʲô
ҾϲǿھΣϰأи˵𣿡
̫̫Цϲһξ㵱̫̫ɵҲ֪ӦʲôҪ
Улл
ȥ·ϣ룬ʲôҪû˵
еĳӦڹʲʣҲǼҳȥˣҪ˽ˡ
λξĳϰӦûʵһҳǷֲģͣξ϶żҵ·йҪ𿪱ֻҪ֪Ϣضȱϯ
ǼҹĹ˶Ҫ¸ڣֿ˽֮󣬻ܶȻҲˡ
ߣΪǳЧܲе࣬žǴı׶ˡ
ССҲǸȦӣһϢȽ֪ͨļҹڱ׼û
ؼǰֱȥѣһ֮£Ȼǹͷǳ⡣
һû뵽ѵиͬѧϰ࣬ǰû˵ﾭͷףҲгԲĹͷ
֮Աǣͬѧǲͦţ
ͦģ˵ĶǼٵģ֪ô֪£
Ȼ֪ҲأұԹԹܾˡѵ
ͷ
˵ǹͷǰУĹͷһЩҲܳһЩӱԹúͦ
ֻĹͷ廨ȫӿ˼Ҳøóԣ۸񻹸ʵݣһӱͺѹˡ
ʲôͷ׶ǰ£û
гԲĹͷҲǿ˵ʱͷģ꣬ΪͷѾˣùͷֹʡ
ͻȻֳ޺裬ʱǸŵı顣
Цһ£ѿı仯ʵôˣǲǾͬѧܴͦţģ
ܴͦģȫҵ󡣡
ͻȻ̾˹ͷѾҾҲˣʲô붼ϹԶ˵ʱ˵ʵҲ̫š˶ãǶҲҪʧҵˣﻹиɣǼСֿɾͲҿ
û£ȱˣʱ򿴿ܲһ¡
ȱʲôˣ˵ǼֲˣĻǸɲˣ㻹ǱŲˣҪʧҵҲû취˭һӻѣֻǿԼˡ
Ҳûһ˵ԺҲôء浽һҲûͶ·µĻġ
ϣɡ˺һѷӦļҳڱȻĵģˣЩʲôأ
һСξͣˣȥܲղȥûϰ壬˵һڱĹԲļҳڱȥ
ξʲô˵ڴҶˣĺξϹŶʲôΪѣѲòȰ㻹ؿǰɡ
ҲֻԼá㳢ǩţ⣬ҷþ㡣
ļٵģ𣿻𣿡
㳢֪ˡ
İⶼ㷢ˣҲΪһξɣǿ϶ˣˣɱֵ̫߲
ţţһԺõأȻڵӣԺ󾮶ҪϣԺҪҲûˡ
ǵҲǣٴκ Щϰ嶼ֱӵģ㼴ʹҪҲûҪǮ˼˼ˡ
ãлл
ǰͷԶԶľͿǱҳһţĹѾϰ࣬ҶվԺʲô
еܼеܵ䡣
оޣȽϼһ࣬һֻŵʲô˵ر
Žȥǰǰ칫¥칫¥
ֱ칫¥Ҳѡӡ
޸˾վԺ룬߹ȥǲ
һȫ벻ʲôʶһֱӱ칫Ҷȥ
ɵˣƣһСĵȥ칫¥ʲôڿƲɶǸ·ϰ塣
ȥʱҲûţ϶¥¥ͷһң滹ű豸ı豸ר
߽ȥڻûе豸PPTʾȥʵ
ɨһۣҺ󷽵Ľ俴ξĳϰ壬Աûпλ߹ȥԱߵλϡ
ϰ棬΢תͷ˽һۣͷѾλŷе죬תӲСʣǽ
Ҳ£Ҫкϰ壬ҡ
ϰ廹ЩƣĽСӣ겻ҡһ䵱ϰˣĿɶһʵĸ羫Ӣ
ʺ;òȷʵǰǿܶ࣬Ҳ̫̽ӣ۾һǸжûУһûпʵĶ
Ҳ豸ʽ
Ҿ㿴ͷĶʱûȤӣҪе¡
ңʲô£ϰͻȻһǻϵ𣿡
֪ѾϾϵˣΪξرյҵ˰ɣ
ûϵԼûϵһٸ˵ɡ
Сϰתͷȥȫ벻Ǽ£ʲô
ĸ˴ȥʵϰԽСʲô˵ɣһҪûҪ豸úһģ˷ʱ䡣
ٻЩɵĽֹصξ£۷Ѿֵùͷ۵ˣͷ϶ҲҸ֡
û£ҲżǾͱ߿˵ɣҲմ֡
ðɡ
żɽξǲǲٿˣ𣿡
һھξϰƤһ£û뵽Ż˭Ҫ
еҪղŻȥһۣҪ治ٿˣתҰɡ
Ҫϰ֣񾭲һֿһۣˣҶǿȥ˲Źصģھûͷˡ
Ҫۣ
˵ģҲÿ۰
Ȼġҿٲһ£ǼСƽҪˣҲˣ˼һ£תҵˡ
㿪۰ɣöٺʣ
ٿô
ҪۼֵһСξȻֹôǮڶڳϰ˵ѾǷˣ˵ҪҲǻû۰ٰʮѾˣλҲᳬ١
ϰһЦˣҲ̫ǿھǼ汲ǼңһֱӵģٿҲ˵óڡ
ô˵Ѿһټܱݵǿɣ˵˼һ£ٿʵˣˣ͸Ҫ
ϰЦСҪ͸ҲգٿҲǮҪײҪξܶסǼǼƷԼûû˵֡
аɣҪȥɣٿٿ飬ֱӵҼң͹ˡ
ãǾô˵ˡ
˸豸Ĵ󲿶ӣһ˽ÿ̨һǰߡ
ţһ̨Сдƣ
ܸȤ߹ȥȻǶ๦ܵģп飬Ƭ˿Խڡ
Ǯ̧ͷʸˡ
ǸǸСûڽķΧڣ˵ҪĻȽһ£ͷǶü۸ߡ
ûۣҽ˶ͷ۸񲻺ô죿
룬ˣСҲûҪ㶨۰ɣʮǮߡ
ΪԼˣССǿȫǺܺĲ֡ϵ򿪿أлܿתһ£ȫûë
ʮȫǼˣͷˣĶ붼³ҲûҪҲ̫ࡣ
УǾллˡ͸Ǯ˸վݡ
ԱߵĳϰԽԽ֣ҪξҪģʲô


74 û
豸, ͷǰͻģڽǼƻС豸ܸ, ֻٺһС֣˴һػؼҡ
ŵʱ˵ȥξ, ȴһ̨ռһҲ֪ͷȻûˡ
Ҳ𾪲ѣû뵽ǰ޻Nɪ, ôͷ˵͵ˣ
Ϲţģ˵ͷͷ, ǰùͷֹ, Ҳϰࡣ
ô˵ﲻǵĲ磬Լòãùø˵Ѱġռޣñǰġ
, Ժǿ˵꣬ƽ, ˡ
ǲǸĵˣѻϴɾһЩţ⣬ÿ, ĺʹ
̫ˣÿܽԼܶʱ, ʡ²ռ֮ǰţп飬˺ܾòҪģҪӾˡ
ҹвҲУԡ
ܲЩҶӲһ£Ƭ˿еֿ롣
ֱǸ˵
ǰѻϴ˳Աʹõλá
ռʵξҲˣʲôʱʼأоʦɣ
ǵʦżϻ򵽾ΣΪ꣬۸ҲǰˣβڣֻҪܳͺãһЩţԺʱٿΡ
ҲУʡһ˹ѣԺ󲻹Լ
ʵбĿǣξͣҵǼ廹ҳϰأʱ¿ҲкôøǲͣȻʱ򿪾ҿ϶Ҳ֡
ţռͻȻһû˹żҲ⡣
ż⣬ҲýɡǼûʲô˵ģҲһ㲻ͬ飬ϰҲûԲǣǰҪͣҵøĲҲûٸԼи첲ȣɲػԸԼȥ취֪Ϲ֡
ֻ̾һ£ôʲôռ̬һ˵ڹҲûôҵģƿܻõ㣬岻̫ʹ
ֻ֤ܣǵѶˣҲ߳˵ǼƷĽˣռȴ̬ȣŲǵ÷ּʱʲôǻҪǮء
е㼤ռ˵ʲôû
Ҳû˼ֻǲ뽭ݳﲻ԰Σֻ뻻ǶȰȴ뷴Ӽ
Ϊ𽭼ҽͲ̫ԣÿ˵ˣҲ̫˵ܾЩ˱Ͼǽĸĸ͸磬˵ܡ
֪һֱͽΪһˣÿ˵˼Ʒվڱ˵ĽǶ˵
ΪԼѪԵϵҪÿζôȫ֪̫ΪӰ飬ƫƫԽܴһĪ
ʵʱֻҪᵽңͻƵҲᣬƫƫʱƲȥϴҲǶ۷ͽ鷳
ǰռû˵ʲôеίû˵ϹǶԵģѾ˵ñܿ𣬲֪ҷʲôƢ
ίͰ͵ӣһˣǵһμôί
ҲʶոԼӦϽǸԲԡҲ㣬ǸѾ޹ϵˣҾǵΪңԻΪ룬ʵȫûҪԺͰǵͺˡ
ұѾǵİˣôΪˣһֱŲ°ɣռ
ղŲ˵𣿡
Ҳͬǵİ˾Ͳ˵𣿡
ռԣýò˼ո˵ĶԻԼΪˡ
˵öԣˣԲ𡣡
Լû£ÿһ˵𽭼ͱòܸƽʱһ׼
½ףһֱռвŵǿҪ˶İˣϴַסԺʱռȥ֮
ʵռûʱ򣬾Ѿ˶ԽҺռҶѡӡֻԼÿ𽭼Ҿͱֵ񾭹
ô˵ȷʵû£ΪԤռ뷨ŵÿֻҪйؽҵģ˵һĻҲȡ
ڻѾмˣٿռίӣβѡ
ߣͷ§סļԴأ˵öԣû£Ҿͳ׷ˣòã
˭֪᲻ᡣ૵
ܲôоֵԡ
Ϊ§һ㣬§һ
շּҵʱ򣬶װȫݴΣҪǵãҪܹƥˡ
ﲻбĶ͸
ֱڣѾֲ֮ûμķָߣҲ㲻֮ռٱѾΪһ壬Ҳֲ
㶼üôƢˡϵת̧§סΪϣƵġ
ͷͷһ£庢Ƶ֪ˡ
Ԥ˺ü⣬Ϊʡô죿Ժٴô죿
ʲôҲûʣһ˲ͺһ̧ͷԭˣøɻˣлæŪ㶫
á
Ͽţɣɵͦ죬Ѿûˮˡ
ȡһ׼гƬըζȻ滹ûȫ͸óһζζ´ʱ򻹵õʱ䡣
ռţõгɴ飬ٷŽгɱƬһԳɹǩţ⣬Ҫֱֿζ
ҲǿϲģţСʱ涼ѾȫζζҲǳá
ƳǩţúܺãȻ۸Ʒܶ࣬Ȼȫ⡣
ǰǵ͹ȺڵĹȻǸʱȻ󲿷˻ûǮҲѾԽԽˣöܻ
ţҲòǻ˸ð취ѽͷԵĶ̯ġ
ϵʱţۿҪ⣬Ҫһ֣ģȴʣһ롣
μҸŮʣµţңҪǳԣ⻹ýǼұš
ٲõˣȻױ仵ֻܷű䣬Ҫӹʱֱóӹ
ýÿ٣ɴʣµţⶼˣһֻǩţ⣬ļţɡ
¶ЦΪֹҲſڱտںǶˣĻСС
¸ҿʼЦˣ֣͸𣿼ﻹоͷţء
µںôϣԺôһͷһͷ
ûУôܻر𣿡
رˣǶջһЩܱһûǿ
飺ҿⲻԺǲȫˡ
ԾһЩȷʵãۣǿԶջЩɱ
ռҲ飺ǲ翪һҵˣרţԺǻԽţء
˵ţǿݵأ壬˵Ǳ߻һ˼ңҲһһĲݵ𣿡


75 ͽҰˣ
Ĳݵ, еСǰǼ, ֻһ˼УӱϡֵصʱûҪ, ڴҶĽúܡ
˵ͱҴ˭ĽˣǰţǿطʲôҲɲˣҲСӷѧϲȥ棬˭ϡ
ǡСϲҲϲ½Ʊ, Ҳǻšе˼ûطš
զ˵ţأڲЦͲˣ㻹˼˵
ͷ˵ˣô, Ƹת, Ҳûõʱ
һ˼ǿݵǼҵĴ𣿡ʵ
ǼҵĻҪһЩһЩ
ǼҾôǿطҲ𣿡֣ȻǷֵصʱָԼҹģôȫ˷ˡ
, ˶棬, ض֣ôںǿĵء°ڰֵʲôأ
˵ĵشţǺܺõ̲ݵ, Ĳݸ޼ƵģȥҲࡣ
Сطѳ, ƬطҲǿѳģȻͲӦǲݵأӦֵء
ֻ콭Ĺ۲죬ƬݵصƽϸߣڹȣҲͱطƶ񤣬Բſѳֱ˲ݵء
ܲܳа´ȥ˿
ааʲôǵصũ񣬶أֻ뵽һ;ֵغƶģȰ㻹ˣֲġ
û£ҾǾúƯʳ㲻˵СǶϲҲϲ
Ŷٺ٣ϲͳаУ´ȥҴȥ¸㲻Ҳʡ
ãллˡǽǼţɡ
ռ˵翪ţݣ㿴ôԣҲûһרţĹӡ
ڼţ￪ţݣȷʵʺǣţҲܶ࣬ӦӾУŮ϶ܹͦ
Ҿÿף͵Ҫǿһ¡
º룬ְ֣أ
Ҳ㶨ɡ
ϼţ￪ӣȷʵͦõģе㲻̫ңӳɱߣҲ࣬ҰһڼҲġ
ξ򹤣ڼͱƭˣ¡
µͷʾҲͬ˵ǣûǮҲ̫һˣⶼⲻҪб˿ţרԡ
˵ӣһȤûУѾûбҪȰѣ컹ʧҵҪ㿼ǿһ
Դҡ˹ƵģҿɿˣҲ̫УҲܲһ쵽һꡣһͷʱˣûģôõţ⣬϶Ը⡣
Ըϻ￪һ㸺ȴӣţ⣬𣿡ռЦ˵
ѻ֪ôӻˢһºˣæ˵Ҳ뿪ӣһǻؼҰ֡
ҾòٿһɣѶռǶѾһˣҲٿһģ׬ǮҲܰҽţ⣬á
ռһ궼æˣٿһæҲ㰡
ʵû뵽μҸŮԿôִԼõѡ
»ǰôɣⶼ̯ҲһЩ⣬ǸһͷͷţҲܶ࣬ܺܿ촦ġڿţݵ£ǵҲԿǣɡ
㿴Ҿ˵ֵܣǿԵġһ˵СԵ꣬СԽ֣ξٿţݣҵ׳ˣá
óҪܹҵ飬ռЦŶ˵磬㿪㲻Ȼͽˡ
治Ҳ뿪֪ԼмＸҿӾǮû׬͸һ㡣֪ռʲôЦе㲻˼ֲ˵Ļǿʵģһ඼ϤԺҲùͨС˵һ˫Ӯ
ռ۽Ȼ˵ῼǣ˵µ뷨һ˵Уǿһٸ˵
̫ˣѾʼˣ˵Ժţǿ꣬ĺܺãҲȥʲôţʵ֤һţֻҪúҲġ
ռЩѹǿ꼴ʹɹҲ·ǼţҲָſıһûеطͻٸһ
ȱֹ̫ۣҲҪȻ̫Ժ󻹻ǡ
ãףǿҪǲʾͱǿΪǾӲҪµ꣬ʵڲеȰڵţˣұˡ
ҲǰǰѾܶˣٰˡ
ǵõģġ
飬ǹٴڶͷţڶǱ¡
***
ȥҳϰξϰҵʱѾڼˡרʰһ߰ξһϣԿ׽
ξСƽʣɢǽûͷ۷ȡεʱˡ
ߵʱ򣬳ϰʽͷ豸컹ȥˣ
ش𣺡ǴͻҲòϣǸǸˡ
㲻ҪиС˵õϣҪҪȥϰ彨飬ǸװõģǲˣȻҿ϶򡣡
ͷװģͷ𣿡˵Щ档
ȻǣϴװСС֣ӡأſȽˡβðһһ㿴ζһСһСģǰ֡ɲˡ
ǰǵξΣһӣɢƣСӵĺôô档
ԺΣСӰװȤ
û뵽ͷĻ
ʲôϡģϰֲֵӣɹϹ£Щ̵ˮĹòõϣòô˷Ǯȥɣǻء
Уȥлл㰡ϰ塣
Ūһ̨
̨ɱȽˣֹ߱ϰ˵ĴӡͰװܣܳա
ͷʱҲˣԻٿ򵽣ܶմӡ
Щ˫ֵСٵ̨˵ǳȽˡ
̨ؼңռЩ⣬ǺãҲòϰ
ָָŵţɣͷװţɰհװܷźܳʱ䣬Ҳ㡣
ŶŶҾ˵϶ƽ޹ԺǲǿרţˣͲٿǿţ顣
ռϲ˵ǲ̫뿪ӵģӺ鷳Ҳࡣ
һûȥûкʵ棬ٿһʵҲԣʱڵ±ƷҲֹȥСæṩζϺϣѿغðȫûġ
ţû⣬ѹҲˡռҷҰԽԽˡ
ĵİͽҰˣǲǲϲܶ飿
Ҳǣе㵣ģҪĵġ


76 ǮǮ
ڽ, ֮ԻģΪĻ࣬ÿһҵǷɢġ
ռû, ԺһЩһ𣬵ʱͲ̫ˡûյҲȥ, 㲻õġ
ţҾ˵˵֧㣬˵㲻Ҳÿ¶֮
***
˼, ţѾòˣԼԳԣڵ, 춼
һ˳, ƺðװһСһСװãͷڵ
װȥԼֱĻһЩһʼò
ţҪڶͷţ, רŽ뽭ǡ
˵ϴΪżţ⣬ռǼûϳ, Ҫȥ͡
ͬʱĻѺ
һˣϵҪУҲҲֻýСֳ, ҡҡλεϡ
ڲ֪ҳ£еԹԣôңҲһ㣬Ҳһ㡣
ûµ, ռǼæ鶼ˡ
ʵ뿪Сǳʱ֪Ҳѣ˼˰æ
ģ˭˵æˣ˵ǳԺóԵĲңţ˭㣿ҲҪ
ⲻ𣿡ռЦ
ϴΪʲô
ռֻͷ죬ǰϰ廹ôס
СֳһСʱŵңǵʱºͼæھѾڿţˡ
óԷǰռȥһ˼ҵĲݵأ˳ǵسа
Ҳһȥµæ
ǻ˼ҼȻ˵ֻڼҡ˼֣֣裬Ҳôƺ
˼䣬о֣󲮲Ǽµģܲܳаǿݵظ
֣󲮿ҲǸʵˣȰ˵ֲģҪааǼҵء
ǼҵѾû֣ЩʱаȥΧ˼ҶԼأûҪֻܻķš
˵ͿǿݵأֲׯڲҪҲֵõġ
֣󲮻ͦ˵ҳаǿݵأº潭ڣҪаͳаأֻҪаأݵظŸС
ΣתһҲǲԣаزݵؾܰ׵ã۸ޡ
ǣ֣һھ˵Ҫаʮ֮ãÿĳаðز֮һ㡣
طͲǲܶĵʱͣʳܲô
֣󲮼ÿǮյ㣬ҲǧǮ
԰֮һĳаѣһһǧǮܳаǼغǿݵˡ
棬֣ΪʲôһԾҪаôá֣˵ΪҪȥʡǸŮˣһԳаȥʡġ
ûҪаĵطǰ˵ǿݵرμҵĻҪ󣬼ʹأ۸Ҳȫ⣬СԽǿط˺ܶࡣ
˵е㲻˼ÿ۲˵ӵǮԺڡ
Σ̸֮ǰܵȿ֣ȴȥһȦ
ռˣ֣СӱߣҲȥ
ݵصƸߣȾݵأվڲݵܿء
յݵؽͶûʲôȤˣվĴݵر¼ҵҪܶ࣬ô
ݵػһЩ·ѵСһ𣬿ȥӵĶƯ
֣ȴݵȫ⣬˵һĲֵŽҪ߽ȥأŸߡ
ռ治ˣݵɹů̫жȽ
֣رߣۿȥ״ǺܹҲر
֣˵ʮĶĶĸǿĿһô󣬻ࡣ
һطֳ룬źӱߵˮǺءָһСһСģҪׯӦûܺÿ
ôƵϲ֣ʽ
ԵģӵǮɣһһǧ塣ش
ʲô֣󲮼ֱţļ۸ÿһǧһ㣬ھȻҼӼ۵ģôδţͬʱҲ棬˳аʲô㲻ڵʲô°ɣ
ܸʲô£֣ȥˣҾǾ۸еͣԺڣҪǲԸǼٿ飬Ҳû
ֻУӰɡǴӦͦ졣
صݵأ緹ʱ仹аСʱɹ̫֣Ȼȥ
ݵϣռô̸𣿡
̸ˣͷҸ˵һǧһ꣬Ժõ˺ڡ
ţһǧҲ󡣡
֪ǰµطʲôʵǲֵأʲôҲҪţɣ
򵥸ܣطƯͷ΢һ£ŪĿ棬ǾͿס޷ѺͲѣĶ
оҲ˶ǮƯƯҪǮסһ ٻǮԵģҲûаѱˣֵʳҲǮ
԰ɣļƻģֻʵ˵˵ʲôģҲֻ״úܾͲôΪˣʵڲƽʱпԼɢɢҲֵá
̬ͦãСϲˣղһֱ̾羰أԺҪ档
һġ
ǰռе㺦ߣϽѻתϣ㣬ʲôʱҸ򰡣
Ҳ֪ԵɡЦ

а̸ˣزŰǩļ
ũǴί˰ѲϴǩѾ֣˵ȥˣ緹ǼҰ
аһ֧ǲʵģ֣󲮴Ӧȸģٸʣʮģ֣֣ȥʡҲ¡
׻˵ϵ粻ϵɣ°쳣˳緹ǩļ֧ĳаǧǮԴˣռҲũеصˡ
ļ֣󲮼ҳռԽ˵ˣһΪҪһ֧ʮǮǮ
ʮĳа飬ʱܹҲֻǮ
ЩǮ滹һҪ֧СԽֵ𣬻Ҫÿ֧һֵ̨ķãԼСǳǮҲÿͶġ
ǻ׼ţݣֵͶǮ
ʣµߣٸûѹˡ
뵽໹ûҪͣռŽֱҡ˼£첻˵ӣòܵǮڸоҪǮˣǸոյԪء
ǮܴǮҵĹԹԣһҲ˶ٵģ༸ǧµҲ㵱Ԫġ
˭ĹԹˡռûȥ·𡰹ԹԡֱԪֵǮ
˵ǿͷͷһ΢΢û˵

ҳԹ緹һŮȻȥţ⡣
νоⶼˣѺҲһЩ
Ůΰ̯Ҫţ˺ܶ࣬ѹҲһ¼˲١
˵ǣռ׼ĺϢҲǾţˣʱҪⲻǾרŸǹӦţɣͲٰ̯ˡ
𣿡֮࣬ЩģռͻȻоѹôڻûҲüġ
ռ򽭿ͷ
תͷ˵ˣʹǼԺţҲῪġ


77 µ꿪ҵ
Ҫµ, ȴٳҲȥһ˵һʱΨһĵط
ںǼҵ걻ַ³𷼳⣬ʱ, ûһۡ
û뵽·ʱ򣬷ֲַҪת, Ƿֱ⡣
߽ȥһʲַ֪Ѿʮˡ
˽һ£ԭַ³𷼱֣ǼѾͿ, պͺҲٸǵǮ
ǵķǰ֧ģѾǷ𣬷˼ζ߲, ˽ֻüʱֹ, ǷҲҪˡ
ڸô̯ӣܲã֪ͲӦǣʧˣڻ¼, ҲǸ߰㡣
һȦ棬Ȼַǵװ޹, ڿҲīá
ӣǮ
Ҫ𣿡ʱ򣬷ȫûķ룬Ҳ֪һЩҵ, ΪΪַƲˣֻ·Сļ䡣
ǮʾͿԿǣ, û뵽Ѿ̣ˣϴתʱŻͦõġ
ǣ㷿ҲòϣҲûޣֻԣˣƤҲˣַҲû㿴أ˲Ҳװһ𣿡
϶Ҫװޣ״װ޹̾Ҫܶ࣬Ҫ΢һ£
ûʱŪʱҾԼˣλöðһ᲻óءεҪǳ⣬ҸͼۣԼŪһ£Ҳתˡ
ϴʱ򣬾Ϊʱװϰ˸߶תѣѡԼҵСӡڷȻ˵Ҫתѣǻϵڱˣʵأ
긶һڼۡ
ʵһ²࣬ΪתѣȻ˺ģҿҲǱַе£ֻ긶
һ£һ¶ʮһҲ߰ٶװ޷ö໨ǮҲһǧ͵һǧתѣʵҲǵ͵ġ
긶ͼȫʡ£Ҳһת˻㣬ÿ»鷳
аɣҲ㽲ˣǾҰɡԤʮװʱô
벻˾վǰһģ龹ȻͳˣЦƵġǰûٽӴ̸ֵֿܾͣöûɡ
ôˬ죿㲻İɣ
ɾͳɲɾͲɣһֱīġ
ãϲôˬģû⣬ʮ졣
лˣҲͦˬ졣
˵ǩ޺ͬ𣬽ȥװ޶ӡϴθǸװ޶ӻҵǡ
ֻţ±ţ⣬ṹ滮úܼ򵥣󲿷ǾͲ
ǽҲǽԼƣ˺ܶţйԪصͿѻһЩţԪصװΣһܿҵţΪĲ͹ݡ
һ⣬ռ˺üֶ̫⡣
ȥռ˵ͽСͷԡɣԺĲǽͷЩ𣬴ⶼţˡ
һ뷨ҵ񶼸ڵĵ򡱹ԺǵƷơ
򡤽ͷԣ˵
̫˰ɡռʾֺܲͷԡԽԽֺЦ
ֽϻLOGO򵥼ʻһţͷӣһ֣ɴ಻Ҫˣһ֣һƾͺá
أռԴֽϻģһţͷ𣿡
԰ɣֺһţͷ
񻹿ԡ
ǾôˣԺ󡯼򡯾ǵƷƣʲôҵ񣬶ǡָһƱʶЩҵӡ
ã˵ϰɣ
ҲӺ֣ҵϵĻɡ
ͦõģռһξãԺٶҵ񶼲ٻΪĶ˲ֻȻʵĸо
֪Ѿװ棬Ҳͣţ⣬İͷţһʱ䣬Žռµ꿪ҵ
ڼ䣬йµ꣬ʶ٣ٴȥѰæƼ
Ȼͦ㣬Ҳ̫ʶˣϼǱ˵ֻҲʤΣ˼˰Ҳֻ뵽ǳʳð̡
˵ƳҲǣҪҲƣôĺţȻһԸʳһ㣬Ȼһ㣬Ϳϸɣǵĵ귴϶ԼգֻҪһСȫʡ
ˣˣ㲻֮ǰڹͷϰ𣿹ͷˣʳõأ
ԣҰˡվߣǿȥǼӦûڳᣬ˵Ҳ⼸͵ðˣʵļʱ
ãлл
˵ͷҵѵ磬ǰҲǴһĴڣһֱ⣬Ǹܸɻˡ
˵ܺʹһܿɻҲʳԱΪµĶλȽƫữ̫ʺ̫ġ
ɵλʧҵԱҲʰҪ볧ѵǺܡ
һкһкʮŮˣƫᣬҲܸһǸɻ͡
֪Ǹܹģ˺ܼһֱڷҹȥ˵ϹҲǹͷĹˣ˫˫ʧҵﻹкѧо춼ˡ
Ƚ̸ʹǾȲ̬ϰ壬ҵĵģܸɣϴвϴãղҲġ
ĻʵڹͷʳҪɣֻҪҪϸЩԹ˿͵̸ֹҲЩҪ
򵥸һ󣬸оȫû⣬ҪĶֻҪ΢ѵһ¾ʤΡ
˵˴ڹͷҪߣ󵱳ĨᣬͣϹлָǼл
е˺µĸͶˣҲܸˣ˼еĲѰæ⼸ԱԼȥռͳԷ
***
µܿ쿪ҵˣҵ죬һͷţͰţⶼ˵
ѺҲˣһأһҲæ
˾⣬ȫţ±±ڵһӣһС·Գԡ
һһС룬νѪһţⶼǸԳԵģҲرĿˣһ뼸
æ̫ɽԼŹϳԷ˽ţ±ţ⣬ӼŪЩˣܷʢһӡ
ҾٱأҺͺվһߣԺµСˣҲԼҵķԱ
һԣǽʶ˶ѣ˵ҪĨᡣ
ΪʧҵôҵΪڵϰôãǰڳ쵼ǵ˿ǵ̬һ㶼
ǶѾӦֶӵ¼ϵͻȻҪϰϰͬԷǲ̫Ӧ
ĴҶҲףǿҵ󼪵ĺӣһ˿˿˵
ȿڣСطţĺóԺö࣬Ҫ֪ҶǼţ⡣û꣬Ȼ˷ţˡ
²ֻ֪Ϊ˻Ծգ֪˼ط㻹רʣط˵𣿡
ôһЦ
Ҩһ⣬ס죬úóԷ
˵ʵ̫ˣһ͵һͷţǼֻͷţˣϹӦǵǰһԴˡ


78 ˫
һһͷţ̫, ֲ쿪ҵԳԻĻѺŵˣȵɣԺÿ춼ôæ, Ҹҿ϶æġ
ҸϽⲿϹ˵, ǺòҵҲҪ֣մӹͷ¸ڣ¹ϰһ, ܲͻȻٴʧҵĴ
뷨ͬϰ壬¿, Ǿ͵øǰ˵, ˼ʹ|Ҳæģ
ǵôᣬƽʱ̫æһһͷţǲܵ, ǵĵСݶĿ, һͷͲˡ
ǿܲæùŷ
һͷǼҵţҲֻʮģô죿Ҳ
û£һ취ȥһԴ, ǿȿµľӪҪҵȶԼţ
, Ǿ͵һţ֮ٿǻȥҲʣţġ
á
Ȼ꣬Ȼָܵͷţ
ũóг춼ţרȥҵľһţҲʹţ̯Դֻûʱȥʵؿ
ʵڲֱӸ̯⣬֮ȱǡ
ȻҪʵطҲǺõģԺңѡõġ
***
ֹ˼죬ûϢԼũóг̯˷Բʮõţ
˵ǸطţһţһĹһ㣬һ㲻ʡǺ͸Զĵط
λ̯ӦҪԴ򣬷ÿ춼ȥǱ߽ţ⣬˳յѡ
ȰƷʣõҵţԱȡ
û뵽ҵţҪһЩ۸Ҳֻ΢һ㣬ΪԺĳڻԴίλ̯
ţƽȣţҲǵһ̨ףÿ²Ĵ롣
ԼռСųռǰЩͷȥɣţɡԺξˣзЩģɰװʳƷ
ռеͻȻ뵽ȥһ뻹ӽ֮һأͲҪˣ
ֵţȥɣһˡ
ռһ£ôżڳʱ䣬Ȼǻб飬ʵǲҪŪǿĵˣҪȥŪţò˰ɣ
ǾȽϺãһ˰ǶųܶĽȻܶࡣҲܱС˩ţǰߣ顣
ãǵƷƣǾ˰ɡԴ˳ĿռҲپСꡣ
ҲҰءЦ
Ǳ㴫Ⱦġ
ҰҲᱻȾ
ǾǱƻġ
ڷڻü
Ų

һһ㲻ѣһ˹ͷܹһٶ¸ڣйҶܿеʵˡ
ʱ佫̨ᵽţݣڵһ࿪ٳһλãһľһƣһãӰ졣
ԭĵһҲø죬ǽװϰڷչʾƷľĳ˳һÿĻ񣬷ڵϣרװţɡ
̫ˣţɴȫڷŵռ˿ȫţɣֻͬȷʵҪḻƷ
ûԴתʶռ˼άҲԽԽ˵Ǵģֻǰʶ̬ĳο򣬡һصҪġ
ðҲ׼һռоһɣͻȻҲδŷǳأԴչȭţḻƷ֮ǰŪаĵذɣ
ԡ
һݵؼһƬأȻһͼҪܶ飬ռһʱЩ֪֡
˵ǿطҪҲһʱģŪܺʱ䣬ҾҪȷḻߵĲƷţɣǿԾһ
зƷҲһɵģǿҲܻ̫ãȿܲЩģȻֲƷ¡
ʲôģ𣿡ռϴεСᣬǲ
ϴµҲȥţĵطӦûȥЩƯô
źܺ棬Ҳû
°ɣǮ϶Ը⡣
ɡ
ãȥʣ˳ѵط滮һ£˰ѲݵظŪˡ

ڶٴطʱû֪ͨȥǵĲݵأݵƻ˼ԺҪҪлιʳϢĵط¹滮ȥҡ
ǵ⵽Ůرˣæȥ¸ǵ˸ơ
ƴǰ¸ÿ˴һΪȾƣǺƸѡ
ʵ飬ҪǺȣʢȴӺһСڡ
ƽʱȾƣֻΪ⸱岻̫ʺƣƣϱʲôþû
һȾͰˣĸƣϸ껹ƵƷĺã壬Լģ
ǰҼһƵģҲϡ棬ƿɶǺþƣԼȵĶġµôú𣿡
Ĵָ̫ˣÿĶ𣿻Ǿúȣ
ԼҵľƵõ϶οЦЩ˼ĺúȵ㣬Щ΢һ㣬ԼĲ˵ãҲԡ
һپƣһ¾͸Ȥˣʵ򡣡
ѽʲôþǡ
ǣԼôȾƣȥҪҲࡣ֤£һٳ
Ҳ˵׼ģÿʳ಻࣬꾰õʱһЩ١
Уٰܶɣôгʲô۸ҿԸ߳ɵļ۸չ
£ԣڷеúܣ۸ͰгϵľУö
ⲻж壬гϵľƷʲһĶǺþƣһӦõġ
³Ĭһһ㼤СҾ˵Ǽҹˣǻô˵
ռôЩ鶼ǻģǰͬʱҲ
ǲǣǰǰöࡣ¼ֵҪƣͿʼ˸ȥ
лл塣
˵Ƶ£ϴȥţĵطһ˽⣬ȻһǸطǸģｻģ󣬻бĶ
Ҳѹµô׾ϵˣֵطƭӿ϶ǲٵģ˼һһϵƭ˵Ĳ߻
ֶµ壬ǴȥЩԼ鲻ûȤǿʵġ
ʲôǲµ
ҲЩģ͵ǰһţУ򵥣Ҫǲͷá
ҲῼǵģǰûȤǿ϶ҲѡģҪĶʵ취
ŶУֻҪõľͿԡ
ѹӦţҲȷˣǼҿÿʮͷţӦţ⡣
ݺᣬϲ˵ѾٷְٰǵˣߵʱַҪơ
μڿԼţƵҵԺܻһʰｭռ룬һ¾ϣµȻָмּ
ڶ죬˳ƱռȥʡǣתȥǸｻг


79 ʲô
ռʡ, һ³ռҪվƱߣҪȥȥгĳƱ
סż, һҴ䡣
˾, ڶˣռǱ߾ͱˡ
Ǿȥסʡǡ
˵ģռڿЦ, ֮ǰ㶼û˵Ҫʡͣġ
ģϴ˵ڶûʵ, Ԥһ, ´͸Ϥˡ˵ȥҲеˣʡǴ죬һȥʡ
ǺðɡռȻܣǾͲżˣǿȥԷ
ϴĵͼҲ, 򿪵ͼۣڵʡǲ, Ҫͼٻ¥ǸƬ
߰ɣվǱҵطԷ
á
ٻ¥վ³վλÿ, ΧȫɵĴ¥ռ̾ʡǹȻһأǵط̫ѷɫˡ
ϲʡ𣿡
šڻ˵, յôһʱ֪ռŤͷأϲ𣿡
ϲ
Ϊʲôϲ
ϲ֪ˡ
Ҫǲϲأ
Ҳϲˡ
񾭲ȥԷ
߿߱ҡ
á
·ٻ¥ĽкܶԷС꣬ڸչ㣬еĵ˻ܶࡣ
һҿŲԷҲٵС꣬˶ĵط϶ȽϺóԡ
е
߽ȥһǲҵˣΪһžͿϵĲˣܴÿ˶һ̡
ܿ˾ˣʳռȳ
ռһ⣬£۾һЦˡ
ôЦʲô֡
֪˵ʲô𣿡
˵ʲô
ҲһӲ˷һƷԼѡ˵طζڸл򶼸ոպãû뵽ôС꣬ȻһͷСĳʦ
˵Ĳ˻óԡռЦ
ΪҪ˵ʲô˵顣Щĺó̫˰ɣȻ˼ҿ꿪ôء
㲻Ҳꣿ㿪Ҳͦġ
ʡǰȻҪһ㡣õôճһʡǵĲˣˣ
ǣ˵Ҫ￪꣬ƺܿͿˡ
ǿɲһҪ﷢չͻ߾
Ҳǡ
ռã֪䣬رš
ҲеСҵˣԪ룬Ѿ򣬵ȻеŲŶԣԼҲ

극ռȥ֡
ʡǴ̳һƬܹҲû֮벻֡
óͼָռ򿴣ô̳ͦģȹĸ
ȹĸ˵Ҫ𣿡ռûְá
ˣ£ÿ϶ҲġϱҲֻǸҲǺֵܰˣռ䡣
ǾͰɡռ
ľٻ¥˴ӳԷĵطո͵
һ¥̨Ա¥㵼վ￴һ飬ӸߵͣȥƷȥ·ȥЬӺͰô
ðռһôĿĶһ¥Ķ͹ۻҵˣ¥֮࣬Щۻ֪Ĺ𣬹ɵİɡ
ϵɣ߽ǸƷʱ̨ϰĻϴνʱλ
ŵԽӡʵ̣ʱȸкʲôѽ
ûʲôƷ֮ģʱʾռ򿴹̨Ķȿ
˺ܶ࣬ռ򻹲ϰŮ˿ԼϹһֻŽ°ڸ󣬹ûһġ
ʾ񣬹Ա߿ռȻŵŶƯѹôá
ռ򲻺˼ЦЦΪôһ䣬Աߵ˶ͷΪ飬˳°ڣϽ뿪
£ѡվڶǸ̨ǰ쵽Լ̹Լ粢硣
ϲЩ
ռһۿļ۸һ¾ˣһͲˣЩ
Ͼǰٻ¥ֵ֪ط¶ӣԲûбֳȵ飬㿴ɡ
ǵúüƷϴʱûУµ¿۸ҲϴЩֹ࣬е֮ࡣ
ƿӵʽͺϲ۸ҲģָָԹǿ
ѲƷóЦЩ䣬۹⣬ʺˡ
Űһѣ˵ռʲôƤΪһʣȫǿ˵Ļ
ռʵھüٵûţƷܲģȻֻ֪ƤëҲܿ
ҲǺܶǻĶ֪ģռҪСס
Ҳ֪еĶռ򶼻ϲֶЩнԼѡù
ö߸˵ռ򣺡С㣬ϴǼõôðɣ
õȻˣû;⻬ˣһQQģ·˺üꡣ
㸡ı飬ýĻشռ΢һ£ԣֻһ㡣
æ˵ǼҵĲƷʺСƤƤӺãһЧͼӰڵƤˮģհƤ켦Ҳûô⻬еԵġ
ռһĵĹô䣬ҪùǼҵĲƷҪΪƭӹ˾Ʒˡ
һˣĸڹ̨⣬һϴǼ
ɣ⼸ʹ
ԶԶԣû۹⣬⼸µ
ÿһ仰ŵظƨҲеܲˣҲϽˡ
Ǿһһƿɣ鷳Ҵһ¡
ϣϲĹ˿ͣҪÿ˶һôãͺƽء
ðһżٽӻȻ֪ܿЩʲô
ֻһҲУ߰ѶֶռСи
ƱǮڿ뿪Ʒˡ
ռ̲סһԽôô䣿ҿеⲻסˡ
ķܾҪͺá
ĸŵˣȻô࣬רģҿ϶᲻ͬġ
ʱܶҵĶڲϸӹ죬ѧЩĴҶڽʴʻʷʽ˿˵
ոѧϰ¶ʱͻͣλ͵ĵ͡յЧռԸ˲þܾ
ô˵һøлˡ
лʲôôϲǮ𣿡
˵㻨Ǯϲġ
ߣ˵úǮһ㻨ҲһǮҵء
˭˵ģ
ѵ𣿡
ǣȫġ
ֻ˵ռģϲǮϲҵɵĳɾ͸УֲǮԼϣܾûһ㡣
ǮռµĴðࡣͦġ
ռܿģȻûٻǮĻƷĺϲ긡ĻƷ꣬ҲӦʡǵĴ̳ķΧˡ
ںѹŽĸ첲ͷǵǮ߰ɣȥ
ļƻžȥǼŮʿʱװݣͷһ˫۾úڷ⣬ľܾ
˵һ֣۾ͻͻȻȥɣ
Ҫʲô


80 
·, ռ㻹ҪʲôҲ򡣡
ãǾ·ɡ
ʡǸϴʱ򴩵ͬһ·, ֮ǰڴ󾮳ģʽùȥ
¹·ʵ̫, ʡǻͻأڰٻ¥ֵطȷʵ·ˡ
ʿװҲǷģеĳʽһЩ, еĳǰʱһЩרŵװ
Ůʿһǰʱһļûʲô, Ҳżм˻ȥ, װ˺ܶࡣ
·ĴˣЩ·źأеװûкԵʲôεĶС
ռŽҪװȥʱǴ͵ʿ, ΢еǮģͰ, ȥȺһ۾ܿͦͦĸ˶һ
ռҲ⣬ȻҪȥװһװһһ, ϱеöྫÿõԽ, ôһöۡ
ϧֻΪϱӵϵÿ춼һɵϵߵһɫǽʲôʽСͷС
۲˰ɣռǱߵʱ
ռͦģǵüǰǾ۹ԺǮҪʱ򽭿ûװ˵Ǻܴź
ԼǮˣ˵·һӦľŶԡ
Ϊʲô㲻ϲ𣿡
ڲϲˣ̫ʽˡ
ŶǺðɣһΪϲġռЩźҲӽԼ뷨Ǿȥʱûкʵİɡ
˻˸ʿʱ̫ɨˣϾѾϱˡ
俴ͻȻЩӣеΣڻ磬ֻһ壬˾͵̥ǣ治Ӧûȥںϱӵ顣
ǱߵĲϲǻװ˵
ȻռһͻָˣǱߵϲҲ·
áǸأ
ңҲˣϴ㲻Ǹ·𡣡
Ůôôٵ·ʡ˼ҶÿγŴͬ·ҪҪҲ
ǵö·ռⲻˣֵҴòÿ𣿡
ǣϣܴϸָÿ·
ʲôʱ컬ˣռȻЦðɣǾһٿɡ
ʿʱװѡĲֻ࣬ţпѡʽóҲֻмп˻߷£Ȼǳ
˼Ĵ䣬ȻԴöһס
¼߳ռһˣҪǲϲ˾ǽ
ȳģʱк·ȥƬ߳ġ
֮ǰ·ȻҲܿȳǹڿͣͻơ
䴩·ϿҲ˧ôôۡ
ռһ²ŸˣߵߣСÿˡ
ǲǱװÿЦ
ҼװÿռԸװģ㴩װ϶Ҳȱ˺ÿģٹȥװ
ðɡ
·ٵװȥһݵģϺԿɡ
ƫݣɵ͸ҪƸУʱǧƪһɶǿʽϳ֡
ܶ˴ȥɵɵģֻǲ֪ͦܲˡ
ÿ𣿡ռѾеˡ
ռÿ
̾װ϶˾ղأ
ÿǧɡ
Ҹϲס
Ҳû£˰ɣռֵװʱҲҪģ㿴Щϰģ˭װ
Сɡý˵㱨һʱҲܾС
װȥռ·ͬȥŮʿʱװռԼһףָס
һ׵Դܺÿռϲģܾ̫еǮ
˵£ֻôӦˡ
񫣬һʼٿžղסˣ˹ٻ¥ȥļ̳䣬öʵ̫࣬ǻƤЬֱ
һͻһǧǮռ۲ѣУһ컨ô࣬ǵǮֵ»㲻ùƻǵģԺֵط
ЦЦǮǮ͵ðõ㣬˷ѾͺˣЩҲ򡣡
˵ô˵ǻûǮ컹ҪȥгʱǮ
û£òһʡǹĵ㡣ο
ռЦҾǸ̾һ£ĵȻǿĵģôöء
ֹһ磬˶Щۣڸ˼Ҳ͹극ȥס
̳Ա߾бݣ복վҲ
Ҫٿͼ˼ҿıݣ൱ǼĵΡ
ռһγԶţڴ֮ǰֻס󾮳ǵ磬ұݱϵ£۸ȻҲ⡣
ռеǮ˵ɼѣԺôӣ
ΪʲôҪӣǮΪ˹ӵġ
ùӵȻãռϣһûǮأ
ģܼᶨԺ󻹻ǮҲٹˡ
ռһůҲپڴˡ
ʩȫ豸Ҳ£õúܰǵķ¥ȽϸߣӴܸʡǣ羰ıݣ໨ǮҲֵõģ˭ϲסõĵط
ãԺǶӡ
ϴ˸ˮ裬һƣŻ˯ʱ仹е磬˱ڴ߿ķ羰
輸вϣһȲ裬ռһƿƿЩϿϣмƿơơ
ơƴ󾮳ûģǶǵһμ
˵ֻ᲻ܺúȣռʵ
㳢
ˣһ˺ƾƶû˼
⿴ɫѾ˻ƻ裬Ƴϣƺ̣ҹܲ
ôҹǸúȵƣȡ
㲻ܺȾƵġ
ơƶôͣûϵҲǰˡ
ռϴ¼Ҷ˰뱭İ׾ƣʱҲúõģûô
ƽʱξƲմǽҲ볢ƿӻڵơʲôζ
ҪΪʱ仹磬ֲÿ¥ȥѾһ粻̫붯
ãǾȿһƿٺȵ㡣
ÿƿơƣռ˸ֻ߲ȥϴ
ƵơƵðŰװ׵ơƻůůĵƹ˻ûȾе
һ±һڡ
ڽơƻͦúȵģѿζŨ¶Ҳʣ˿˿һɾˬĸо
ռȲ̫ߣֻһСھͱǺԺü¡ı˱ˮ˲Ż
ơƾζ𣿡ռе㻳ɣǴ˵кúȵơƣζҲ̫ˡ
ζһκȻ᲻ϰߣȹ˾ͻúúˡ̲סЦ˵ֲҲ̫ϰߣǰһζ
ļٵģռʱһɲľ񣬲֪ôģȻơƽϾˣǾͼȣ뿴úʲôо
һۣܹҲƿơƣ˺ôãǾȡѺơѧᣬ¥ȥ¾Ƶʳɡ
ˣճԹأռԼѾƱµôȰɡ
˱ߺȱ߿ҹ죬֪ͺƿơˡ
ͷеΣ޺ƶеӰ˵ӦõģơƿƾȲȣôأ
ٿռʱͮͮģҲЩ롣
գգ۾֪ԼѾۻˣռҲˡ


81 ֱ˴
˱ˮ˻, ǹɾƾȥˡ
ٿռȵûͦģ˼ʹգ˵, ֻơƣȿҲġ
ȿҸҵúȵĸоռ
, ȱȽϺá浣ıһԼˣǾе㶪ˡ
Ǻãȡ
źţƿ˶ǡ, ǰռһ㲨ʱķܶ;, ·Ρ
ھƾ̼, òǰǰ˹ģƱԽźȡ
û뵽ôŵһ棬úܿɰ, һһ¡
˵СŵɷЩ, ǲԾһ֮ǰ, Զģĵ޺ơ
㲻ٺˣٺȾˡϽ
ռֱľӣ, Ҫȣǲ㲻ˣ
ţҿˣٺˡ
ռžƱָЦ̫˰ɣҡ
ˣǰҾУ۲˺òã
ôƶûأźȡռѾƱ£վûվȡ
ۼֿ죬Ͻסûˤ㿴Ҳˣٺˡ
ûУſ߸㿴
ռѽÿӴߣè˻˵Լû
ߵߵʱ򣬽һһƨ˵ϡ
Ͻ߹ȥҲٸûϴѵЬӣӹǣȶˣ˯ˡ
أûȶءռЦ
ǣһأҲȶˡ
ͻȻռ˫§סĲӲţе㾪ź¡
΢΢üе㵣ģôˣﲻ𣿡
ռʹ˱ҡͷǣǸоתģ߿е㺦£ת̫ˡ
һģҲһ۾;ԼһתĿռ䣬ʱ򻹻ʧظС
£Ҿ⣬ռŴϣͷͷԽѣлԽأô§ţ§Լϵ֣һͺˡ
˼ӣռıڷЩЩ𣿡
ţ͸ղһ£ںˡռͷǲ⣿ôô
ЦҾ˵ơƺȼҲģ㻹ǵһκȾƣ϶᲻Ӧ
е㺦£ոת̫ˡ
ڣʲô
Ҳ˯һ߿Ҿ¡
˫֧ڴϣȰ˯ţһֻҪ뿪벽п־УֻҲϴ˯һ࣬ãҲ˯ز˰ɣ
ţˡռ˫ֱסĸ첲һţ࣬ųӡ
תͷᰲԣú˯ڣʲô¶С
Щ飬С϶źǿĲȫУ˶ú¡
ʱôĴʱôļǿֹۣЩۡ
սˣͷһ£һֻ㷢ḧ׷ɣ԰˯ߡ
ã߾ȫģֱ̧ͷڲˡ
ͷ˫ƣĺ촽ֻỬı§

ǵһ˽룬һβֱ˴ˡ
ֻΪıϵҲһˣҪ־룬Ϊϱӵ־ʹԼһȦȦԽ
˿̣ЩȫԺֻһҪһܶ飬ԼƷơ򡱡
ԼģΪʲôҪôĹǣ

һ̫ˣ˻ӣЩǱ
ռȥϴѴãٽƿպáȻǱݣҲϲ»ӡ
ݴͣ˳ܸϳ
Ϊԭ岻Ѿܳʱ䣬飬ܾܺûˡռһ·û˵ˣϻһ΢΢ĺ졣
ϳ󣬽ʵơѧˣ
ռͷ»ؿ϶ôˡ
Ҳô˵ģ˻ϡ
û𣿡
ҲˣҾء
֪ͺá

ֻвһСʱĳ̾͵Ŀĵأг³ѾгĴſڡ
߽ȥۿȥطÿͷ˸ʲôĶС
ѹ»ᱻƭռطһֲ巽򡣡
û΢һƾϵˣοԶݣ϶һʼͺǸƭӡ
̫ɶˡ
˱߱߿ֺܿɰĶǵĲݵϹ˹͡
ܶܶ飬ϱӹڶĵӽĿҲ࣬ĺܶදʶ
еĶʵϲ̫ʺ˹Ʒںұ¼
ֻϧҲֻһ£ȥ˵˼ֻ񾭲
Ʒֺܶ࣬󲿷ֶţ
һȦǿһָͷСţֻɫƯԼСաƷֵӡ
һʼ۸СոֻͷСţֻɰͼֻӡ
Щͳǲˡ˶ǻȥһС
гͦ淶ģ͵ĻרŵǸָʾߡ
Ⱦһ
һ̧ͷһ꣬װرлгʵڲ̫СƷѩţ-Ʒ
һͣסŲռͣ쳣ʵôˣ
ʾռǼҵ꣬һҲһƭ£ѹ³Թĵطɡ
пܡ
ǰѵ꿪һֱƭҲ±˸𣿲ÿƭ˶ũɣ
ҲпҲǱƭ˶ѣǽȥ
߽ȥ۲죬Էÿ˺̸⣬ÿһڸ˿ţ⡣
ҵһ㷹겻һзԱӭǣ˵ӭ١ʡԵʲô֮ģֱʣλľأо˽𣿡
ҡͷԷҪ𣿡
Աһˣλ֪չʾõģǲ
ôչʾŵ֪ţ˶Ǵгţĵطţ˴ģƷţţǲǮģţţҲֻճɱѡ
ⶼʲôţԱҲǽܣ˵ǸƷֵţƹ㣬Ҳ˭ҪǶҪԷҪרȥѵȻ
Ŷԭǵţĸȥ
Աָ˷򣬸ѩţʲôҵǲŴӵ
űߣԶĽ䣬һСڸһţλҲǸûĻũ
ϵ˿ÿһе˵ʣϾҪָ߶ţȥ϶бȽǿľʵһũ϶СΨǸũһģ˶һ
ٿǸСӣıſڿЩģ
⣬ռи˲̫Ծܾܿƭµˡ
𣿡ռ治ѣ
ţϽ˺СĽע⵽
ô죿ռЩżһǸƭӣǵҾץס϶Ѿƭ˲ˣڻƭ
ҸεĵطһǸũȥţƭӣ϶ȥѩţĵط
ãǾҵطҪƭˣǾͱ


82 Ȳ
ռ˼ǰ, һС̣ƿˮﰵй۲졣
ûһǸƭӵСӴũˡ
ͣũȻʲô, һֱ˵ũƶǶ, ȫĻƵƵͷ
˾Сǰߺ󣬽Ҳ¸ں棬һ, г˶Ҳױ֡
׺и·ڣѩţģұͨţȻ, ǸСũȥұߡ
ƭӣȥ绰ɡռ
ż, ȷһ¡ҿΧԱߵСйõ绰Ҳȥǽһ㣬ôϴү˵
߹ȥ, վũ˼⣬װ濴ЩСţ
żʱ, Ȼ˸ũţöãݸǰ½Ĳࡣ
ʹ˸ɫռȥ绰Լվԭؿ, һһܵ
ܿжʮ׵ʱ򣬾ͱǸСӷ, Ⱦܡ
עܼУҲÿȹȥһͰ˰ڵء
ͬʱҲϵˣһһ߽Сס
Ǵȥ¼ũͽǶȥɳ
ƭӣԱߵȣһסַڵأɵһµԶһطģǶƭµľͬһˡ
ռɳĵ绰ͤ绰ȷϣϢѾٷ֮ʮȷ֮ǱƭҲ콲һ顣
¼ռˣ֪ͨˡũΪûƭóѣҲ뿪ˣƭӱ
ûʲô⣬ƭӱץ±ƭǰǰѾƭüˣǮѾӻҲ
ƭΪµԶݣǼݻھΣЩʳ֮ʣȱƭߵǮЩ٣ֻı⡣
»ͦжģ˵ȷʵҲƭģǵĶƭģҲûǮ㣬ܸʳѾˣܿʹԭǡ
ֻܷۣԴԺҲٸЩ
***
ǰţӶڳаĲݵϣºտ
ˮĳЩ磬˵ƽ̨
سӲݣ׼潨ӣȴʩ׼￪ޡԴˣаظһ䡣
ʱĵһ̳Ҳ¯ˣֻ߸͵Ǽҡ
ŪһЩСһƿƿװСĻţһ
ţɸڵĸǾ䣬û˲ϲƵڣÿپƣÿʮƿÿ춼
ڵĶˣо⡣
ҪŷḻƷôǿξ֣ΪƻԺĲƷҪι
Сξ׹رյʱ򣬽׼¿ҵϰ壬һܸɵι
ϰĪǼôιأҽˣ
Ǽܹˣʲôι
٣˵ַˣģϰôҲһˣܻɣڹÿɿˣĸ˶û㲻ǣ
ôܾǾˣǹôʲôϵĵĻ⣬ʳϰ壬϶ʶḻιһҹģҿĹʱǰιҪ߲١
߶٣ϰʡ
һ¶һǮɡݽ֪ǰιٶǮ¹ʣٶһ¡
㻹ͦ󷽰ϰְѻƻ˽ңôõĴ͸ð谡ˮȻǰ˵ìܣҲڲìѣҲô鰡
ۣҸϰ黹ûڳϰѽˡ
ǲǻڸ֣ʵڲͱ£ֻҪռʲôҲȰˣŸ̯ƣô˵ɣҵҲһµģǰͲأҸǻʲôùϸģ
ϰһŷͨҵ飬ѽȻҲȰˣʵڲǾôҶھӣֵǸز
ϰһˣǸʧҵιʮ֮꣬꣬о飬ʡ
վ¿˾ʼԼĲҵ
δ󲿷ԼãٲҲСӰװڵ
óȥνʱŵ꿴źÿЩһЩ˻ỳϾεζ
Ƕ۷Ǽ򹤹ξ¿ˣȥ֪ڵϰ徹ȻǽҪҾ
ýȼ֮һ龯棬Ҿͱ۷ǸӲˣһˣֻҧҧ뿪
ԽԽΣÿ춼ø飬²Ʒ
˼컹ڳһôȥʵڲ롣
ռҲеż⣬˵ɽȵģҪȥòǿŻһ£ȻܱԼ㿪ʼĥҪ졣
е˶˵Ҫվھ˼ϣȡø߳ɾͣȥתһɣС
˷ʱԵߣñС˩סֽţ˵߾ߣܱ嶼һ飬вٷ֡
иѼȵƷũԼҳԵġе˼ĺóһ㣬е˼΢ͨһЩȫƾգû׼
ÿط߷˼дԵ˼ңǵ£ȻµϺ͸ĽѬƷ
ÿط˸ӺóԵζҲ͵ʦߣ͵ũҽСѸļũũѬζԼֻۡ
黨˲һʱɣɹƺѬƲƷȫװССĻ
Ϊ˷˹򣬽⵽һС棬˵һҷֵꡣ
Щ鼸ȫͶ˽ȥҵһֱȲǵȲȥˡ
***
һ죬ͻȻɣɣͣڽС⡣
ǵʱڵһγһòɣΧĺ䶯ö˹Χۡ
ռҲ֣֪ʲôˣƫƫͣǵſڡ
ŴӳһȺˣһʮˣСȥһˡ
ڽűվĴֿĵ꣬ϡ棬иͷ׵ͷѽﶼ˰ϲ
Ȼһʽãһ´ﻹԽԺ𣿡
԰һֱŵġЩ֪ҪԺӵģĪǰˣ
Ŷллδ֪𣿡ʡ
Ӧڣղһˡ
˱߽ȥֱȥҶδү˸ȥ
Ժʱͼμҿʼæµ࣬ҪֺóԵдˡ
⵹֣˿ɣɣһǺͷ϶
ֵǣûãԺҲȫˣϰҲǰ°࣬˶˼ҶҪ˽֮⡣
ڴʱ򣬽㣬ʲôˣôҶǰˣ


83 С㾯
һμҵ, ӴԺȥʮˣλͶأ˳, ǲ֪ġ
޵ǻ治֪μô̫ˡ
ǹȥδү, Ҳ¡Ц
ǲȥ֣ȵԷʱ䣬δүʹСȥһԷ
δүģӲò, ռ͹ȥˡ
δүϲбµˣרýռԱߣ̽׵μ˽, ʱ, Ҳû˵Щ֮ʡ
һƵƵͷԽҲ߿һۡ
߳Է죬Ժ˺ܳʱ䣬̫һֱĵڡ
ŵ֪, μҳȥʡͦ⣬й, λҪڴ󾮳ǽ³
Ժĸ˼Ҷڸϰģڴ󾮳ǵСλҪԺ˶ȥ³ϰࡣ
ǲ˵֪ԭѾڳǱ߽³, Աס¥ǰμţϰԻղ鿴
ҲζŴԺ˶Ҫְȥ³ϰ, סĵطҲҪߡ
³׼ȫˣס¥ԱԺ˼ֱͣ൱λϰԺ˵ĸ
ǲμˣȻǲڵġ
ڻĵûͶλϰר뽭ְŵһвְλ
δүҲƼȥб£Ҫһôƽ̨ӡ
Լļƻֻлܡ
Ūδүе㲻̫ˣϰҲϲǺӣ˵ͿʼôСŸС꣬ҲûϢǵ㶫˵ʵҲСС֣ûġ
ʲôֻ˵ϰϤֻ²ʤΣԼСѾо飬δҲаһЩ
μҼԼϹˣڱܾҲô˵
ôҲǸ£ôһΣ׼ռϯؼҡ
׼˸иͻȻҪԺӵ¡һͦȤ
ռڳҲܻ䣬һһۼ۸˭ҷӴǮ˭С٣ԺҪҪ۵ȵȡ
ԺȻͦãҲû̫ɫΪϾɣܶʩҲǺܷ㣬μҲÿϧ
Ȼλÿģ󾮳ǱͺСҲκλϵơ
μ³ǱߣƸƽ̹ѧУҽԺЩҲǱߣӵķ㣬ԴҺ뾡ȥ
˼һ󣬻ڼ۸ϴɹʶط˼ÿҪǧǮСǧ࣬Ժӿյ̶ΪһǧǮ
ϰ廹еȥģһӵˣƷӱҲֵǮٵûҪƽϣ·Ҳˣ֪õȥˡ
ܶһ˵˭ϲǮأֲƱѳɽˡ
δүеĽԺμҾͶԺˣͷҪ϶б˼ҰסȻ˵ǵ£ǱϾǻסʲôҪԸ˵ʱҲԸһᡣ
ϰ帽ͣͲ̫һˣǰСҪǼǣȥǱסͲˣϧڻÿһ⡣
ЦЦҪԺǽֵˣҲңҲÿô¡
δүϰնе㲻ţ۵ļ۸ԺٵǮһʾʡ
Ǿýʱ䲻ҲѿǮˣһҪԺӣͿռҵҲԶ
δүʵ˵ĻǿЦ
ϰֱӣ֪ԺӵöǮ𣿡
ģ򡣡ǮҪͽɣô룬һǾͰҲңʡʡ¡
УȻС⣬ǾٺòˣҶ˵˵Լҵļ۸ɣǼһܼۡ
ϰȻȥģԺķѾûϵˣǼߵʱѾת˼ˣϾǳɹʿָԺ˼Ҷ·쵱ʲþҪ顣
ǧǼǧǼǧټһԺӣǸӣǮ
ôСϰ϶˽𣬵Żݵļ۸ˣͷĨˣҪǱɲ۸ÿ𣿡
ռЩżȻ۸𣬵ԺѾܳ¾ˣҪСǮòֵãοҲסôĵط
֪ľ뷨ֱӳԣͳ˳·
һ϶񣬶ϰԣ۸ܽܣǾô˰ɡ
ʵǿļ۸һҲͣʱϷӱͲֵǮҲٽ֣ٽֵֻԼһС䡣
ֵҲ󲻳һǧǮģø˼ƽϣλϰ˵
ϰЩԾȻɣɣЩסԺͬˣÿÿǧǮδүңҲΪ˿ˮԣżյСǮҲֻѿǮ
˵ɲġԽҪҪǿɾҪǮˣȻǾ͵ȥұҡ
ԣҾͰǮȰᣬżġ
ȽǻؼҺμҼ˻ֹСôǮˣôǮ
ϰƶǽϴ˯˾ˣ֪ҪҶ˽Ǯ
ȻֱҲûռţ˷¥˯ˡ
ϰóһۣСǺȶ˰ɣſڿӡ

μһһռżʽôģǿСء
ԺǮǸܺõĻᣬֵãȻͷסʲôҲԼãôŪԡ
Ϊ𣿡ռôǮôطؼòҲ˷Ѱ
õϵģԺúôһ£ɺܶ;
ʲô;
еͻȻûãԺ룬϶ġռЩ⣬е㲻ˣֲ˵ô˵ɣһʳֵ㱣֤
˵ϣռһҲҲپֵֵǮʵۣٿһƾɵԺӣôȲǮϲ
ЩǮģǰܵǮϴŪаغξѾòˡ
ðɣ㡣ռһ׵Ρ
ڶһ磬ͰǮȡˣμҼ˵壬Ȼ
ϰμҵȫ̶е㲻ţǻΪǺȶϹ˵ģҲƽϾƺ˵ĺûȻ
㿪СҲûǮϰѹ㲻Ըȥҵĳϰ࣬С껹еûϣ۹Զ㣬ȥҳðԺǰ;
ллϰ̧٣ڿѾϰˣȥϰµ£ãͿССӰɡ

ȻûԺԺô죬ﻹͦ˷ܵģһҹ֮ǵԺӱռҵĻҪü
Ҫ˵ҵĵһҲΪԾС
ôˣռ򾡹ܻûΪʲôҪ´ԺӣҲ˵ģǳ嶯µ顣
Цô𣿲ǻ˸ƾԺӡ
ò˶֪Ժжֵˡ
С㾯Ŷ


84 ִʦ
Ѹҽ, Ե㶫ȵʲôġ
ԺӺĵ죬ˡ
֪ôԺӣѶ˷ܲѡ
ϲ㰡ֵܣ̫ˣ̯, ôͼһԺˣһǰҵһ, ҵﶼгɾ͸С
ллЩ벻Щѵİ
˲˵Щ׻ˣֵˣôϲҲһ, ǲǵףһ°ѺóԺúȣѾֳƴˡ
ռʲôϲ°Ǯ, ôԺ, ˼ҶϲסŰȥס·ˣǻ
⻰Ͳˣ¾ɣ󾮳м˼ôԺӵģмλáѱʾͬ˵˵ɵʲô, ֮ǰСӲҲŪĻȻһ𣿡
ţ˰ɣͦߣЦ, ǽףһ°ɣѴҶϣŪĲˡ
ѹЦֵ˽Ұ
ԴǼţݣÿξ۲Ͷѡ, ٴκұ߳Աߺȱġ
Сǳ˽ɣʽҲԽ, Ѿȶҵˡ
ӽĽ飬׼ӪרƼõȺȥгһ̶Ⱥǡ
طСܷ㣬ṩͻ񣬹˿ֻҪһ绰ܰҪֹ͵ҡ
˼װģרƼվڴ󾮳ǵÿ͵ߡ
ĶûָǰΪ۱ǰߺܶ࣬Ӫҵȴǰ˺ü
ҵӣ˽ػعģ
ϯ佭ָ˸飬ǵİװʳƷרڽԼҲǹɶĽѡ
˷ģĵģȻ벻˴Ժӵ顣
ȻͲɱĵϰ塣
û뵽һˣ˵Ҳ֪˸ϰ壬ǿ³ģӸͦ󣬺ҲҪǣǾǰɣû뵽һǳϰ徹ȻҲĿͻ
ԼǣȴҪǣҶ档
ǰϲǵֹǣ˵Ų𣬻㡣͹ǣ˶ʶˣǳֻζ
˵֮ǰЩģڸɴֱｨˡ
пܣһûͷҵġ
һԲ˺һҲҮС˵Ǹϰ壬Ҳ˵˵ǳҪɣĺܶණҪҪԼﶼۿˣ˵Ǹεקúܡ
ǳ豸Ͼˣ˵ǰǳˣ϶ҲеĶϣҲԲõǾ⡣
ٻǸϺ갡ƲƲ죬Щмź̾˿ƺʲôֹ
һ̾ز׽ô磿ǳԱҲܸȥ
֪û˵һءѻش
Щʧ䣬һ¾ܲµõ϶Ǵ󲿷Աȥϰ³ԴҲҪʧҵ
ֻҿģ˴ԺӣѲɨҵ˶ѡ˵ҽﲻʹȾƵģȻ֪ǸԺӣû˵
㲻ñţصס𣿡һ۾Ϳó£αأǲҪʧҵˣ
û£ӱҲǸˡѲ˵ˣҲ̸ʧҵﲻй𣿲ǳ˷ɣҲ
ͻȻеϾûԸʧҵ
Щʵ磬ʲô𣿡
ͷȻֱô㣬ѿҶԼϽѽ£ɶ¶ûУ߸˵ģҺαǸҲȱ첲ȣûԣ
ҪԺ͵ɣͻȻԺ󻹻ȱ֡
ȱʲô֣Ѱڰ֣ΪҪҿﶼʣȱʲô֣㲻ģֵܲøЩ
ǻʩ𣿡¿ӣ˵ñκʱҪ࣬һһ£Ҳͣ³Է
ǳҿˣˣҲûеֻʲôָָ㣬λ㣬ͷô¸ڵģΪʲôϱˣֻҪأΪǵҪġ
ѲΪԼձ̫࣬ʰ˵ʱϲôգǣֵˣҲ˵ʩᣬ˵˼
û˵꣬أҶ֪ΪˣҪڴ󾮳ҵڶºѡʵ˵Ҫڳ뺰㵽ˣʵܶطȱˣҲ⡣
ǲǣ⡭Ҷ˵ˡЦ˵ҳԷֳԷá
С˵滰ҿ֤˵ϲԴҶкô飬ϲʲôΪʱģܽ⡣
˫ӮǰɣͻȻǸʣУ֪ˣллֵܣҪȱ֣ҿ϶
á»Ծ
ԺȵòˣͻȻԴҵҲл˵֪ɲԡ
ÿξ۲ͣҺͺǰԼɷԱлҲҪȵǳԲ˲Ÿ˵
һʼ˵ԼˣһûϵҲģֻǵı㡣
ôˣ˵£ûʲôԵġ
Ǹղ˵Ǹϰ壬Ҳ֪顣
ʲô飿ͬʡ
Ҳȥͷţȥ򳧵ģȥˡ
ȻأʵֻǼˣҲҪ˵
ҵҲ˵ģ˵ǳҪһʦʳҪͦߣ˺ü˶⡣ȻǹͷиƷͷģȻ³ʵĹͷܺóԣҲгʦ֤ƽʱҶִʦҲʧҵ𣬾ȥӦƸ
ϰĳûҪ
ǰǸϰҲ֣ͦ˵ʳóʦµ˾ˣҪԣִʦܶ⡣˵ʵһҲרҵԱִʦ˼Σִʦͱϰ裬˵ˮƽѹֹͷᵹգ˵˺ܶĻ˵ġ
˵Щʲô˼Ǹִʦôأʵ
ûʲô˼˵Ǹϰе⣬Ҫע⡣ҵ
ʵϰԼҵгɣĸ˵ҲеŤãڱѵʱ򳰷ˡ
֪ͷĵո˼ƷĸûϵĹͷ˵ʵζģڹ㾭ӪƵ¡
ͷƷĴˣ϶ȥӦƸһǳʳóʦֻλִʦҲеͶ·ˡ
û뵽ͱһϰһ١
ϰôȤִʦܸȤִʦأ
ܻҹɣҵҸҲôʶҲǰͬ½ģĴЩΣСʳö˵ˣݷֻ׵ֳʦ
֪𣿡ʵҴġ
ʲôֻĪ˼ά̫Ծˡ
Ц˲ҲŹִʦ˲ҲӦ÷Ź
ռʵһ֪ˣǴǰԼзƷúۣЧȴôȥŪ˺ܶζźòƳ˼ƷҲֵһƿˣҪǰѹͷĴʦʳƷ򵥣
ĸĴָеգʵڵ֪ͷյʱӦ뵽ġ˻ûȥĵطȻʧȥһô˲š
ʱҲһ뷨ڵͷܶСᲽͷĺ󳾣ʱŪЩʲôõԴȻӵ˷ˣ˲ţؼġ
ǰ֪ͬģͷȥʡҵ
ҾʵִʦҵַһʱŰݷá
ִʦԭţͷ֮浱ԱΪʳƷϯʦˮƽ
֮ŸˮЩɻʵ벻ʲô¡
Ӳӣżɽʦɽġ
ԳЦЦҾһûҪ˵ļԱֲʲôɽֵĸˣʲôɽ
ֲֻ˵ҹ䲻ỹϰ飬ӡ
˵ͷΪӪƵգ˭Ҳûϵġû˾ûˣܶľЩռĵ˲šһֱϧǰһ˶ʶҵŴסðݷˡ
ʲôأŲʶҲ֪ʲôеС֮ĵز²⣬Сòطʲôİɡ
ҲƷĿǰ߰˸ƷΪԭ򣬲ƷЩƿԺḻƷƷ󣬾ȱһͷˣʵѡһ£ܸܲһᡣ
ſ˵óϿң̸ҲԼΪëͷСӣ̬ȿʼӣЩʲôƷأôģ
һϷԼԼδĹ滮Ȼ˵ҪҴǵĲƷٴιһǼĵط
УǾȿ
ʧҵʳóʦȥӦƸȻʧȥôõĻᣬۿϾ̫ˣﲻ̤ʵοձһЩٱˣˡ
ڶ콭ʹԼרִ꣬ȥ忴ζĵطֻΪʱûüûȥ¼ҿƵĵط
֮ЩȻƷĵطЩªͷ򶼸Լ뷨һ¡
佭˵ԺҪѲƷĺܾϸƷȶҪ㱾гðѲƷȥƷƴ졣
Щǰ͸ͷ쵼ϧ˼ҸûĻ¡
ڸոʧҵϰ裬Ÿû뵽ԼְҵĻܵһ졣
ʱѹҲ˴ҵļ飬Ҫȥضһʳס
ǽżңŴóһֳӣӲǰװúܺãɼ˵ǳҪ
Ҽ¼ʳ׿ɶˣԽɲרͷģЩʳףкܶɲ̬ͬĶͷԣְװʳƷҲԡ
˵ŰѱӷݹϽƻȥʦⶼѪطҲܿҲϣ˿
ðɣȷʵû˿źϱӵ㣬ʳ׻еġ
óԽṩĸλ⣬ʧȥõĻᣬԲŸԼжġ
ǵȻˣܸӣԭ򰡣ҪǲңҾҲʵˡ
ĵԽԽͶڶűϸˡ˲͵Ĵŵ˼ɷݡ
˵ϸڣûа칫ص㣬ÿϰʱڽҳĵԵģʳױɿɰװʳƷ
ϾǴĹ߳߶ﲻҪ󣬱Լ˸ָĹ߳
ҪҪҲԿ¹жȰѵʽ𣬽ڹﲻˡ
ʦͷĻûҪģҪĻȥܶӦöûߡ
ҡҡͷеĻǺãǲҲû취ʹãһҲʵԼ취ɡ
Ҫһ׵ĻǲҲϣʡ
һǿԵģЩ̫ˣȲˡ
°ͣҪǻĺܺã͵취ŪûҪֻܱɷӵ


85 һ
ٴȥͷ, ˵Ļ
ͷѾйʲʵĻҲֻЩ;ȽϹıˡ
ĵЩʳƷ͹ͷĻûҪڳ, Ѿ˺һҡ
ЩͷȽϴ󣬰ȷʵ̫ʵ, ȥҲûطɷţܲܰһѻѷڸµԺ
濴һȦ䣬ĻǽŹõģȽ, һҲʱŵʱЩ豸ʱ򣬶벻ôͻȻա
߿豸ĥ, ʵڲĿЩͭӵ, һʱҲ벻ܺõİ취
ſţͻȻһ󵨵뷨
뿪ͷǰһұȽϴĳУֱʳƷ
Ȼͷˣﻹ򵽹ͷĹͷ򵽵ÿһ, ȥĳкСƷ
ѱгкС̣ʮüͷ, һؼҡ
ռһôͷһһ޹ްڷŵϣʵҪһһƷ𣿡
ԣЩȽϺóԡ
Ҳ, ôͷе㲻⣺С㲻ȥôôͷ
ЩǳñȽϺõģȻԼƷƷ, ûֵġ
ȻͷѾ˺ܶˣǽռûԹȫ֪ЩóЩóԡ
߹⼸ȫõˣû뵽㻹򵽡
ҿܱ˴СвЩģܾûˡ
ˣǿɵúúƷһ¡ռ
ļĹͷֿйͷ򿪣ƷƷٸйͷζ
Լľ飬ٲοڹͷʱݣгǰĲƷ
гǰУ󻹵ôԭϣӹʽȻڣǿɲԣԼǷ
ƷʱЧܺãһԣּûһһԲοŸ
ʵҲǵˣŶ˵ĶûοͷĲƷԼĲͷЩǱȽʺɹͷʽ
ԤҲ࣬ЩͷΪ죬뿴ûмرóԣһġ
ռкüܺã˹ͷҲȻ
Ҳڿǵģܲܰѹͷֱ
ͷռȵõɴ۾ǵöǮҲ𰡡
Ҳ뷨ʵҺΣգȰͷ˰ɣȲ˵𣬼ʹҲ򣬷̫󣬸տˣ¿ֻ»صޣʱѪ޹ѽ
ҵģͷմӪ⣬ֻҪŻƷЧʣг϶úܺá
ͬ˵ģûǸʵ˵ġռԺʵ
ھõĻᣬڿùͷеĻȻˣгڣȵԺǴ㿪ʼˣѶȻӴü
ô죿а취𣿡ռ򿴵ó˵˵ѣʵͷʹֻһߣǵʽҲͷɡ
ȥʼ۸Ȼ󿴿ܲ취Ǯ
ͻȻҪôе㿴ɵˣ黹ԼҪǺ嶯¾ͺá
ʦȸȷһ£˵˹ͷߣ乻֣ܱ֤òƷɣ
Ƚ࣬룬Ÿҿڣû⣬ҪˣƴҲðãôҲŪʮòƷ
ͷǰĲƷмģﻹ²Ʒ²Ʒ쵼û׼һֱû
ŵʱͶ²Ʒģֻϧ쵼ǲ˼ȡϽûܰѺöƵϡ
ڽͻȻ¹ͷĿԣȻеˣе̫ˣͬʱҲһڴҪôƽ̨ͿԸõطʵˡ
仰УҾûк֮ˡ

°ؼҺ󣬽ָռĿԡ
ôռ򣬡ʲô뷨߹𣿡
˵Ҳͬÿ϶ͲҸоرʵΪʵ̫Զˣ˵ǮҪǳʮҶûпܣͷôüʮϰɣ˵ǳ̸һٶôܳõûʲôǮѣ˵ôǮ˭Ը裿
ǮܣҪҲֻд
һ˵ʵռŵˣʱȱǮһ㶼Ƕ裬Ǹѵģҽһ㣬ƴƴմǮͨ˼û˻ȥ
ҲԴŲһ֪ǷЩˣҴϢܲ㡣
ռڵ˼άģʽʶѾЩͨ˲һˣȻپôˣǼʮϰľ޶Ҳ룬Ϣˡ
ôܸǴôࣿŵԺӵѺġ˵˵Ҳ󣬻ô죿
붼мأٰʮʵѹǺܴ󡣡ȥʼ۸˽һ´˵ɡ
ţһ˲УռȫǱ֧ûѻ˵Ҫ϶ȥ򵹱˵ĳȻϢͻϾͲˡ
ǵ˽ٸ
á
˯ʱ򣬽ôǮ£ֻͻȻһ뷨ѾԽԽ¹ͷˣһ֡
˼ٳû˯ţռҲʧˡ
˯𣿡ʡ
ţ˯ˣôҲû˯ţ
ﵣĶԲԣû£һϸﻮõģʾͲο˵ǻø㲻ͬҲоġ
ûУҲǵģǻеᣬռҲûŪҲûͷȥŪ۸ʹ˵ɡ
ȱˣ˯ɡģҲ㵣µģҲ㵣ա
ţҲϽ˯

ڶ콭ȥͷ˺ü칫Ҳҵĸˣȿʵһô
˵ͷһߣ쵼úõشһ
ųа֮ãЦ˵ʲôҪһߣͷܹҲߣҪ
ԣ˽һ¼۸񡣡
֮ǰ˽ŶǮ𣿡쵼ĺȲ裬ɲһ򵥰
Ȼûô򵥣һģһǮһѾϰ˱˿ͣҲںﲻͷǹѾܳʱǾ̸һ̸۸񣬺ʾͳɣǾû취ʵҲӰɣ
λ쵼ҲżҪѳȥǮӪɵĵľÿƫƫѽ£ǰס
аɣȻ֪Ҳʵ㣬Ǯ󣬲಻٣ʮɡ
ʮʮʵ𣿻ûпأ
ʵ棬ѳ쵼ֱӶЦˣΪǲǷˣû档
Ҳû£⼸ѾûʲôʲˣС浹Ҳܽġ
ʮʮ˵ɲҪ򡣡
鷳˵˵ʵۣĻ豸һǮҺðʽ𡣡
Ȼ豸һǵ׼ۣһֶУȥŰɡ
οǳͷģ΢Сһ㣬Ȼλ쵼˵ʱһӦþʵۣٿҲͶ١
Уҹһ򡣡
߳칫ңλ쵼Цǣ֪С񾭲ᣬҲôҲǹֿϧġ
УѯһҪʲô
пǽڵˮһʼÿ¼ǧһÿ¶࣬ǵľʵ
óĽǣǵľʵһҪѺĲƲԼ롣
Ƕ٣Ҳ档
оһȻ˵ѺĹ̶ʲҲҪʮĹֵ
ǼҵĴԺӾԵѺһˣֻϧڵԺӹϼۣԺӼ棬Ҳࡣ
СԽֶģѺ
оҪȥҼҵԺӺ棿ҾѺ๻˰ɡ
оЦЦÿǼҵԺӺҶ֪˹Ը򡣡
ã취
гڽߣڵеͷۣе㲻̫ġ
˵мҵҲȫ԰Լ¹ͷȣʱɱҪܶ࣬˵Ҳźúһɷ档
õķ룬ԽһЩҵ⣬Ѹʧҵ˺ϰࡣ
žԼţݣҺŷӦ
̧ͷһһҲڳȻǷ
һð߹ȥкϰôˣǼţɣԡ
ԹˣóԵúܡЦҸǮģ롣
ллҲٸ𣿻Ǵ·
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չˡ˵㲻ңҵе£ˣǾģ
£ʲô£𣿡ȻЦǺǵġ
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棬ҰɣôҲꡣ
һûÿõͦõġ
һպܶǮҲͦõ𣿡
Ǯͦɣȫӡ
ֵǮɣҶٵ㶼Уϲ꣬ҪԸ⣬Ҿˣһֱ⣬ⷿչòȶ
ôҲɣ򣬴ҪǮ˵Ҳ̫
Ҹ𣿡
һʳͷˣġ㿪ʲôЦģ
ģҪԸҾ򡣡˵ҲмãҪӵͥʲõѺҪ治ʱҲУҴˣת㣬͵Ҹæô
ܺãԺȻǻֵģԼ֪δռ˱ˣʵʵ˵ֵҲҪͨ⣬Ǯһ㲻
ãҲ˵ææˣȻôг⣬ɣϵˣҲûͷתһΡ
һﻹ̰ͦģҪˣ۸߳гô࣬˼Ҳ˵м²Ӧò̫˼Ҫôߵļۣãȫ⡣
ȻǽԼļ۸񣬽ҲȥЩֻԭһΪ֪δܻռ˱˵θУҲѾһɨ⡣
лˣҲʱ䣬Ͱ˰ɡ
УҶˬ֮ˣ컹

棬йֵҲ򣬼ϼСԺӣ򣬻üʲС
編ƣҵڶרǸķ̸۸ֵֻͬһ棬˼ҿһ̸ͳˡ
ռ˵ʱ򣬶еնζ̸ֻãûǮռҲûϸµһˣҲֵԲûй
취Ȼһʱְ취̸ˣ˴һȥȫܵ飬ʾ֭û뵽
㶼̸ˣ͵ŰˣٷҲϧռͻȻҪһĴѹô󰡡


86 ʲôͷ
ռһͬȥ̸ͷ, Ѻһȥǳųų棬ͬʱҲֹǱԭ쵼۸, Ͼ漰ôܴ⡣
Ȼӵм, Ϊ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳Щԭ쵼᲻ʣûһͬǰȥ
ϻλ쵼̬ȣȥ֮ǰ, ֪ͨЩȰµˣûֱȥλ쵼
ֱȵİ鶼źˣһֱȥ̸еʱ, 쵼ų֡
̸л׼һλС
쵼ȵ, ڻţôͷˣһվڻű׼ӭӡ
ǰ˸ļֻ֪Ǹн, Ҳ֪Ǻηʥ
ţ϶Ǵ󾮳ǵ, 󾮳־ʵ˺ûУ󾮳ǵǸΡ
ڶ¥һ󻹲쵼վǰ, ӴȥǴš
һ쵼ϵĲ豭ֱӵ˵, ˮҶһأˤһصĲ
ڻæһ죬æܹܣôˣ
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ʲôҵÿɴˣôû˵
û˵Ҳ֣⼸²Űҵġλµ⼸һֱáþûм֤
ʲôģô¾ÿɴˣ¬ʵں档
Եģ˵һʼǰ̯˵꣬һСԽ֣һԺء
ʲʲô̯Ҳô󣿾ӣ¬϶ͷСŹôذɡ
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Ȼ²¬ٵˣлл¬ܣõˡ
ûûУλ
¬ٶ棬ԱռѺࡣ
㺮Ѽ䣬̸пʼ
˵̸УʵǶһϢһºͬǩִҲˡ
¬ϴο˽Ϊ˼жͷʲôҪ˵ͷɽ󣬶˵Ҳǿո顣
Ȼʡ˺ܶν̸е£ҲǺ鷳ģһȰҲѾˡ
߳ͷʱ¬ٻŽҪ֮꣬ǳԷ
ĪҶǱˣʲô֮ꣿˡѺЦ
ĸ˻صң۸ղ¬ô£Ҷ²⣬˴ΪǴͷβͽǵʵŻ
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ִ³һʳԺԷ
ϯ䣬Ѻã;øռԶˡ
ǰǿʲôĻûʲôҲС⣬ͻȻһͷϰ壬˶е㺰ڣԥԥ֪ҪҪĿڡ
ѡ˸ĿڣƺΪܣռΪܡ
ȻܽܣϽֹУǼԺ󶼱Һˡ
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㲻ð˼ҽͣǶ֪ġռЦ㼱ġ
ѱ˵״ΣҲˣһЦǰ
⣬ֻ˵һȺ˾Ǻã֡

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ٲҲӵаְĳӣвˣ⽭ԼҵԭЩĸλϵ˲С
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ͬȥԼٻ˺һ󣬸Բ࣬ȷҵˮƽ
žٻһⶩһϵһгҵˡ
ֻԭƷѡ˼ƷзδеļƷƷʮ֣ҲԱһֻҪĵġ
ֻʮˣҪһ顣
һô棬Ժ⳧ķ϶ǰͬٻڣЩԭŬɻˣִʮ־
ʧҵ¾ҵ˭ԸʧȥڶΣøwedfrtyukk;ϧ
ֵˣ͵ָЩĹǸɣͶðˣҪ޾ϸΪ
²ó豸תЩռ򶼵ڳǷǳӣͬʱԼҲúЩĹ̡
ڵʮԱǱˣҪڳסú󣬳ߺͰ칫ңʳúᶼ˳ʰɾʱԺ
Ժн˼סԶṩʳúᣬҲԺҵƣΪṩסṩס޺ʳÿЧ
һ׼տҵ
ռ̫ںżҪ˸ѡһƵգֲֻͬ⡣
ѡƵգòȥδү
ν˸ԼĲƷиζһơ
δүǰԺѾܳһʱˣȥƵգͬʱҲȥռҲһȥ
ϰ³ͼڳǱߣ벻ԶǸһ˸С֡
·ϽռÿγŲ·С֣ԺҲϰֽγô
Ƿһ򣬡ռӸտʼأΪҪˣҲϰһǮˡ
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Ŷδү˺һŻǸȻˣҪҲװôʮɣ
һģǴ˿
δүӺ˿ˮһɲˣ˵Ӵ󰡣ѹֵ㲻ԸμҳԭиĿꡣ
Ҳǣʱûžģհ׼ãŸ
Уô£ҵúú÷Уǵѡӡδүȥı
ллүү
δүһڷر棬ʱʱﻹߴﹾһЩ㡣
ռ򲻸Ҵŵ;ŵȡöˣδүѡӡһסԺӵļգһǳӸġ
ֻһƵգһ¸ռЩ˼ǰδүүүζ;Ūԣ̫ˣͷٸЩ

ʱϰӳұһӣϲδүȾƣΪδүμҵ¸أҲǻˣϲδүʶͿޡ
Уδү𽭿˹ͷ£ϰһ𾪵˵
ǰýǸԺӣʱһҲԽЩмԭֻڽܾṩĸλϰˣҶͲø£ûֹܾˡ
ſڣȻܲϰ࣬ûϢǽһ黹ô졣
ӣԭڴ󾮳ֻĳ˰õƾðһëͷСӣͻֻһϰܵ˱
ҲȲȥˣ˸ڴδүһؼȥˡ
ؼҺ󻹾òԾμ˵ռǱбռҸϳŵˣǲٵײĵײôܽӶԺһͷ
ԺҲͰˣеͷٿϳԵҲǿܵģӣһôܣ
ϰ岦ͨһ绰ͲԸȥҲ飬ǸСʲôͷ


87 Ǿӭ
ͷҪʽ, һЩﱸ
ǰƣƣҲһЩװ, Ҫ³󣬻׼һССʽ
ӱߵϢѾ, ֻҵϢе֪ǽģеڴʡĸҹӡ
һּϢǰһϢʢ, 󲿷˸ԸšȻ¬֮Ĳ²ⱻģɼִصϢܻӭ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ͷʡĸҹչ, ˵Ҫ, Ѿ˺üְȥϰࡣ
ҲͷҪϰࡣ
ʱšٻлʮԱڡ
ٻޱ㿪ʣٻôǻϰ𣿡
ǰ, һϰࡣٻʲô
ǰ˸쵼, ˭ٻҲֻǸȸɻģȻҲ⣬ʲôܵ㶼ܻϰ࣬ҵȻҲܻ
㲻ܡٻ, ͬʱվм䵲סޣѾˡ
˵ܾͲܣϼÿ˵žҪӲù·, ȥϰȥЩСබܻҾͲҲܻ
ٻƫãɴֲ赲󣬡û˵ܾͲܡ
ٻ˵ÿͻȻã漸Ա󺰴УϰƾʲôҲܻصǼȴ
ĸøðͻȻŲ洫һ˵
תͷȥռ򡢻ſ߹
ܣܡٻͷк
ޣʶһٻô£
ٻ£˵ҪŻҪﴳ
ŶͷޣҪΪʲôҪΪ
Դٻռ𣬾;°ͶˣմһǣڻûعҲӦ
˶µģȫĺġ
ٻֻش𣺡˵Ҫسϰ࣬˵Ѿˣš
¾˵ĻţʲôƤˣʹ˸ɫ㿴лˡ
Ұɡѵ
ٻȥæɣ㲻ùˡ
Ȼռһ߽ٿһۡ
֮һЩΪȥѡ
Ѿǳʽ¸ˣ߸ڹ
ĺǹĺڣҪʡ豸ʩаȫԹ֮Ǹб˳еķ档
޻ڷУѾˣλ鷳¡
Ҫǰޣ϶ҪѺ֣ѾȫɵˣȻתĬĬˡ
ٻ֣ոջôŵһˣôڱ仯ô
һ·߻ȥΣȫ˵ͷϰʡĸôǽռأ
ܣܣʵ̫˼ˣǰʱ䲻ڿ𣿻ǸٻôҲˣ
ٿԼûˣʲôûˡǼٵģȫǼٵģ
߽ŵʱһˮԼرҡ

׼ʱиʽͬʱҲһǾӭµʽ
ſڵѾµģҲٽС󾮳ǹͷǸĳˡ֮ζ
иСԺӣԺмһ̨ռڴſڼʣȻ̨³
ûІµĽֻм򵥵´ǡ
ڴԺܶ࣬Լ˺ܶΧ۵ˣý嶼
гһֳ֪µϰǽ
һӾˣҶ𾪣ۣ⵽ô£ôأʵ˷ѽ⣬벻ͨôǮ
պסý֪ϢһȺˣֻ֪ͬôһġ
ģֵֵס뿴֣պͺ¡Լַ³𷼶ˣվȺ濴
ЩƷʿͲ˹Ͷ۷ûΪһ룬֪Ϣء
Χ۵˶û״򵥵Ŀʽͽˣ뿪ֻδɢ
ºܿ˴󾮳ǵͷռҲ롣
ǵĳɳʹӰ̯ңǵĹ±ָİ汾ܿҲԼĶ䣬ÿ汾ԼҪʴöࡣ
ռЩ¸Ц˵Щ˵Ĺ£ϲĸҪǰ˵Ĺ᲻˼㣿
ϲĸأ
һϲʵռ
Ҳǡ

³ζ⣬вƷڳţɣ䷽ƷŰѹء
һʼС͵Ʒ콢꣬ƷչʾԵġ
ʽĺ䶯ЩȺԷĹ£Ǵѹ棬ЧȻǮ滹Ҫá
ʹ³гװӡµĹ棬콢չʾ
ݣζصζԭϵ̬⡢ͷϯʳרҵļѹء
ЩԪضڴ󾮳ǵزǻѵıƷƣؼǺóԡÿƷ³֮ǰҪȫԱƷһ飬ԼزʽУóԶѡ
ԭĹͷΪӪƣ±Чʸ߼۸͵ĹҵʳƷõյġ
ĲƷҲһ㣬ڹ׷ҵ͵ʧȥ˱档
ڽǰѱ£ļ۸ԭĹͷҪȴг
ҲΪƷƷʹӲӪ°빦ЧŹһڣЩζƷ͸ϸµ
ŽƷפ˿վͻվÿͲ࣬ר껹̫㣬վ̵Ǣ̸ֳɣרŰһĻܡ
ͰţгҲȶˣٿһרܻ꣬ȫǾ
ĿͶʡǡ
ռȥһʡǰɣǵĵ꿪ʡȥ
Ҳ⣬ռҵչѸͣĿҲǰԶöࡣѾһǷ°޿ðҵøУȻҲܻڿС꣬ȥһ¿ɡ
˵ڶͳֱʡǵĺסϴסıݣסȥС
죬Ǵ絽ûͣ
ֱС̳꣬гУǼˡ
ȺֲϲԵĿζûоƷʡˮƽ
֮޾ϸ˸Զ˺һıʼǣϻصݻҪܽ
ϴסȾƿҹΣȫڵġ
ʱռΣҲǷծϰΪɾܾˡ
г֮˵óһڽֱ߿꣬һ̳￪꣬һפС
ڽֱǽķռġ
Ҳˣ̳ߵĳǵĲƷ׼Ʒ·ߣ̳Ķλòıϡ
פеҪڲٵ˿ֻ꣬ҪڸйС
ķܲȡֱ߿꣬ԵõεͲ˵һԱ꣬һôûռţơ
֪Ǻܴģڽֱ߿ȥôã϶ѡ棬ôģ˵
ͬ˵㣬һƷƶλһ⡣ǵƷҪƷʺ͵ΣԿ϶פУеĶӣ󲿷ֶǱȽͨĲƷסȥ͵εĸо
ԾʣĿ⡣ռͷ
û̳ȷʵǸߵĵطǸǵĲƷǺܶԿڣ㷢ûУר궼Եģȫ·ΡƷЩ
ǰԾ֤Ե𣿡ռ˳Ļ˼ʣ˼Ǵҽ̳ѾȥЩʲô̫Եǲǣ
˼ڣһ£ǽȥ̳ȻһЩζߣǲͦͻأģҲ㡣
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󾮳Ϊеųǵ˼ʯ·Ҳеɫ㣬ԴֵͺܸǵƷƶλڽϿ꿴Ҳܲ
ʡ󲿷ֱֽС겻·ľǲӬӣžȫߴմϱߡ
Ҿѡ񣬡һ̳ٽֵ棬մ̳еεĹ⣬ٽֳܱ֤ԵؼҲ㡣
ãⶼܽռֵһѡأ
һѡǲн֣ǱߵĵҲеΣҲнָط˶࣬ǵĲƷزˣˡ
Զԣܺãռ̳ٽһ㣬ܹ˹̳ˣҲܼߵˣнһ㶼ȥģӦҪһЩ
˵е߶ҲҪҰɡ
Ҳȿһ̳ߵİɣռһҪһЩҸоڲнֵķҪһ㣬ȿһҪǷ첻ȥڶҲ١
ãǾġ
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ȻʡǸ󾮳ֻСʱĳ̣ÿֻһ˳ȥر𲻷㡣
俼ǵԺҵչʡǣصƵʻӣ͸ˡ
ˡ
򳵣ٵȵȰɣռȻ۵㣬Ҳǲܿ˷Ȱʱ䣬ҵٺһ˵
̫ӰЧˣʱܵҪ˷ʱ䣬Ҫȵڶ졣ȻɣʱǲܵģĦгɣַֿ㡣
Ħгռ뵽ϲĴǣƬﶼиĦгӰģſ·Ħгͷֱ̫ÿˣĦгҲʡͻȻеĶ᲻ܹ󰡣
Ӧûã϶ϰĳ˶ˡ
ҲУͷȥɣҪǲ̫󣬿ԿǣȷʵҪܶࡣ
Ħг֮ǰÿգʱ򿼵˲࣬ʡ˵طܿĦгõ֡
ٻ¥һ㣬һרĦггġ
˽濴ʽܷḻйҲнڵġռֻۻңÿһÿ
ôãһ˵İɡ˵
ȿȻҪϲģź
˿һȦǵģռ򣺡пϵ𣿡
ȫˡռЦ
Ҹ㿴ҿϵģָһģһ۸ֱСС򣬡Ǹ
ۣ̫Ưˣռ̾ĳܺÿҿˣôָȷʵҪȱĿһЩ
Ҫѡһ
ռһ۸ԥˣ̫˰ɡ
˵ҲҪһǧء
ѡ˵Ĳ򡣡
۸ԭģԱһģ㿴Ĳʣ۶ܿһܿ꣬һʮ꣬ӻᣬҲǵȻĸ㡣
ˣǮôִţϻһһ׵ɡ
ǲеĵ֪ϱôǮģǲŽдִš
ڵʡŵ㻨
һһＸ껵ֵֻһһ¾ˣһֻǽβһλأáĸѹۣԱһ¿ǲİ취˷Ǯ
ռ޷ʵˣٿһģѾ벻ˣһðɣѾ˵ˣҸоԺҵѹҲҪݱˡ
û£ǾͶǮ㻨ˡ


88 ʡǿ
Ħг, 공ƣ˾̲סҪȥһȦ
ڿڴһݵͼռ, ϳͳˡ
ֻ¡¡һ죬Ħгǰ쮳ȥüԶ
ʱ, ʡֵط洦ɼҲгżĹ
ϳر٣ȥгտյģеٶȾֱǰ
ȥռ§ʡ
ûĿĵ, ģΪֹ
𣿡ռĦгſˣ, Ҳ̫, ͷ΢紵źˬؼ;ϱ仯Ľ־飬ֻ˶۰ɡ
ǾﵽΪֹ
ˣʱų߻𣿡
ǰʡǹɣϤ», ԺҪܶꡣ
ã㿪, Һù۲ÿط˽Ļռٵ羰еķʸ濴ÿֵ
ֻһ˵, ȴ濴ۺӾЦ, ɵ
ʡǲ󣬼ϵ·ͨܿ͹ĳˣҲһֱ綵ڣϾҪҪǱ
ٻ¥µװѾϣ˻װãҲѡʲôƵգͰѲƷϣžͿҵ
µʡǣҵ͵˿꣬ʱһʵûôңǾԼˡ
ĦгٶҲͳ죬ͳСʱĳ̣ĦгһСʱܵÿҲǲܵ¡
װûùƣӡһЩҵĻ˻ͱڷڵռﳵش󾮳ǡ
ص󾮳ǵʱ̫Ҫɽֵ°ʱ䣬кܶˡ
ͻȻһ˧ֿĦгʻϣ˵Ŀⶼס
ҿͷ˭֪ĳڴ󾮳ǻûôÿĦг
˶פΧۣϸβϳⲻǸ˹ͷĽռ𣿼ֱ̫˧̫ˡ
㡣ռԽ
صңĦгͣԺռ³ͷͷֶԽ˵ǲ̫ҡ˵㣿ôΧۡ
˹ͷ֮ǰãӹߵҲ̫ĿԴ˹ͷߵǴƵģҪ˶ſ
ʱ˿ǣҪæȥһ𿴣ǰûƵġ
ָоռ򻹲ǺӦĦгǰΧ۷塣
ǣֻ·ԼҪֵģҡ
һžͱ˶ſǲռ
û£ܿǾͻϰߣʱͲˡ
ǲϰߣȴرϲָо
Ǹϰ壬ԴǷ˺֮ܶɣɳĴԽԽƵˡ
ڽĦгĦгô˵Ŀ⣬ֻϰƵҪӱ

ڶʡǵµ꿪ҵȻֻǸʽҲҪһԽ˼ųƱźѴųļԱһȥμӡ
ǽƷ˸ҵĺÿһֻֽӣͳ˵ʡǡ
ռȻĦгȥȵһѸ׼鶼׼á
ȴҶ֮ЭѻƷϻ񣬵ſڰںùơƼżڣʽҵˡ
ܱƷƣζӪȵȣſƷվԱ䡣
ռڵĹ̨ӴҪĹ˿ֱͣ𵽸·ڷ
Ϣգֵ˸Ķࡣ
ʡĶѾܷḻ˱صĲƷ⣬кܶϡƷ
񽭿ĴСطõʡģͷһҡ
˼ͷ⣬к̬ܶζƷֻǾѡľƷװҲϵΡ
ʡϡ棬·Ҫ
ܶµĶܺóԣҶ֪ģܶʱҲֻݵ˼ңڵʱܳϣżҲŵ
һ굽ͷҲԲһΣҲôţʱ΢һ׻
ģ˴ŵ⣬ԼƽʱҲԲ⣬ҾͺܸȤҪζôǷǷʱԵһ
ܶʡ˼ҽҲˣǻµζڴܾԵζ
ʱǵµȱǿʱԵԭ֭ԭζʳϣ
ܶ˼ҼﶼЩζصȺ壬Ȼµ꿪ҵ˺ܶΧۣǽǷǮЩˡ
һЩ׷ƷʵˣЩƽʱҲԼ³źʿóЩȺѼ򵥵ʳֻľϸʽ
ۼǳɱۣ翪ҵСʱǴĲƷͿˡ
ЧǵԤڣ绹һ߷壬ֻࡣ
ֻðѵ꽻ռŴҿأԼﳵȥ˻
ĦгޣѻƷװ䣬ڳϣһҲֻ䡣Сʱһˣһ̲ͣˣǿܹȫ衣
ҵЧǳãͨҵҲ۲쵽һЩǰڵвһǲòƻ
ΪȺҪǼˣнֿļƻʱһһĿǸס˿ڶ
ҲΪЧԤڣǾ࿪µꡣ
ҵϣǾͽʡǻƬÿƬλá
ڶռµ꣬ﳵȥƬϸƳ֮·ߣ·˿ȵȣѡÿƬֱ￪꣬ҵʡ
ÿƬͽֵҪгȼϾʽ޵ģͬʱܶ꣬һһ
ⶨʡҪĵʮңƬͽֵȼȥҵ档
滹ûйףĲ򣬲⡣
ΪҪʡ̿ôгҲø¼ƻ
ʡǵµԱͬʱҲÿڴ󾮳Ǻʡأóפ
ΪˣռҪʡǣռµ꣬µꡣ
˶ʡǣ󾮳ǵ콢ûˣǱҲҪһͳĸˡ
˼ȥûкʵѡǵ棬ֻпеģûͳ󾮳ǵˣֻܵԱ
ʡǿڶҵ֮ǰٻȥһˣһˣҲҪѴ󾮳ǵ鰲ٺã˺ܼ֮г
Ħиϻȥһңû뵽ڼſڵš
ϲСˣΪ첻أһ˻ռأ
ѳͣ£ʵ㣬£ռʡǿꡣ
е£һǵ
ã˵ɡ
սﻹû£ʵʡ¿ĵ꣬⻹ðɣ


89 лл
ʡǵ⻹ԡˮˮ, ϶ǳйأ̫æˣû, ôĻ𣿡
顣
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Ҿֱ˵˰ǵǿɲҲʡǵĵ֮ǰǵҲ, ʡӦҲ
һ£ǵŵǲ볡ѵģԺҪеŵ궼ҪǣҲе˵ȥ
˵ԼҲǹɶ, ô˵Ҳҹ˾ҹ˾֮ĺ͵ȷϵ
ڴ󾮳ǵĵҲ, ŵ꽭Ĳ̫һֱô, ȻǵĵҲܽרˡ
תһ룬ԸӦòҪǲǻлû˵ꣿ
ţԿǵġͷ
ǲǾҪЩ֣Ц
, ǳҲйɷأ, »ĵһ£ΪϾƷƵĶһʱ˺˷ֲ˭á
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Ҿ֪㻰û˵ꡣ
ʵҵֹҲûһƷ֣˼˵Ҿ, ҪҾ͹ҿǵƷϣ𣿡
齭⣬һû㶼ˣǲ巽ˣ
Ҿ򡯵ƷֺܺãҵҲУҰֹǹΪһƷƣӦòӰǵԭҵÿ𣿡ȻƷ֣ɷҿٸһЩ
󾮳ǲΣҲǲǵĵطֻģֹҲطز
ЩƷҲһЩǲƷֻѾСǳֹ飬ȫõľһֱûḻһ²Ʒ
û뵽ԼûϣһֱӼƷơ
ڽ˵⵱ȻǺܺõѡԼƷ£ֶһܺõƷƣҪȥھ
˵ȻгϿ߽ݾֻûƷϵ塣߶Աȣûкû֣֮ѡ
ˣǵȻǾ˫ֻӭģãһҿǿɾͳǵƷˡ
Ȩģ˵ʵڣҲֱֱ˵ƷƣҿԵõõķչӦԶԶԼӡ
̫ˡ
ǣ֮ʵ˵ˣ֪ԼжͣԼƷƣȻƷǶģгΧҲʹ󾮳Ǻܱתһת߳ȥǣ˵ܳʡ
ҵģȻǿϲҲòǫ飬ôô˵ŵһӪԺг࣬ڵĹɷȻҲмֵԹɷ˼һ¾ͺˣûҪӡ
Ӱٷ֮ʮɣҼģҲƴǡˬҲû˵ҪӶ٣ԺӪ㲻ҲҪ𡣡
ðɣȻôֱˬҾͽˡ
Ҫһȫ̸󾮳ǵҵû뵽˸ôõļƻҲѡҲһ¡
ʲô£ôɣҲҪң
ұڷҲˣǳǱһˣҪҵ˾ͷĪˡ
Ҫʲôˣ档
Ǽƻʡٿʮҵ꣬ƷܻҪȫʡΧžҪȫԺ󲿷ʱ䶼פʡǣ󾮳Ҫһˣȫߵҵ񡣡
˵һˣʵҵרעСǳǺҲҪƳ²Ʒ
ûбʵѡˡĲƷӪԸߣ͸ƷѿأȫԷֳһľǵҵÿһҲ˸ģֻҪһͳѹأܷµġ
ȸҽ嶼ҪЩҪǾܹʤΣҾʹӦ㡣
һҵ񣬼ζ¼ҵľơСξм֮ζȻðСǳ
СԽֺţݣϵڣƽʱ΢ŵˡ
Ҵȥһҵ񣬿ôġ
գҲĹЩУҾԣҪڣô
Ҳûõġ
㶨ôһ£˸ܺõƷƣܸˣ㣬ԺܾˣͷҺһ𣬸ְʽӭǣ
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ûϵǺбҪģԱҲûˣûʲôѹ򵥵ļʽԺĹкô
Ҳʶһ£̬ʲôģԺ˳ЦãǾͶϰġ

ռ绰Ϣ
ռرˣ̫ˣұһʱ뵽Ҳ㣬ʵѡû뵽Ըǣʲôʱףһ¡
ûһʱҰɣһڼţԲûϡ
֣֪ˣԺע⡣ռЦ
ڶһеҵͰְʽרȥʡǽռ˸ȥʱꡣ
νְʽֻѴҺңҽ˵кǿܺõĲƷٴԺ쵼
ȻҲһ̵ĽлңϣԺȵȡ
һ۲ͣϤȡ
ˣ󾮳ǵͰˣռרʡչг
Ӵ󾮳ȥʡǵʱ򣬴Ҷڳſǣֱʱ򣬽һ䣺㣬߿ǵĺܣԺͿˡ
İɣһ

ռصʡǵʱѾˡ
ֱӻرݣϴ˸ˮ裬վڴǰʡǣͬʱһ
ôˣͬʶԷ
ӶЦռ˵æһ׶ˣǺҲܶࡣ
ˣȥģڸðٵĶٺˣԷ¡
㲻Ҳ˵ҡռ
ҲడϲЩ
ҲϲҲǺĺҪһȥС꣬ҿҲԸˡ
ŴҹһͻȻлл㣬ռ򡣡
лʲô
ллһֱչң֧ҡ
˵ЩʲôһллأҪһֱ취һֱŬҵн𣿡
ҲΪ㣬һԹȥҺģҲôᶨ뿪ңչҡʱҾͷҪŬô
ˡռȥЩ飬ǲ˵Щˣ˵Ҳûÿġ
һѰ§ͷӡһӡǲӦʡǰңһֱסݰɡ
ӶǿأҲû̫Ǯʱ˵ɡ
ȥʱŵ㣬ҪкʵģҾԼˡ
ţ㶨ɣ̫Сռ
סݲǸ£˭סԼأ
ȥʱÿٻ¥¥һҪ
һ۸ֻҪһ㣬ܹаʮƽ
ûǶãȽ£Ҿ߶У̫ණ
涼ͦʣ


90 ܲ
ռܿ¼ҡ
ֿʡǵĵڶҺ͵ҷֵꡣ
һҷֵԱ, λúܺã°໹䣬Ҫ·
һڿƽ԰ļ, дѧʦļ¥пеλһЩҵλļ¥, ס˺ܶ࣬һЩ֪ʶӡ
סȺȽǿͬʱҲںƷʵˣǵĲƷ÷Ķλ
סʡǵҵ, һҵһܲ
ڽ׼ɫµʱͻȻһСĺԺڹƳۡ
ſڹż۸, Ԫ
һС֣ҵҪ, ʹ
˽ȥҲŽȥһЩĶˣϧڵǮҪġ
һȦʼϼҪҪĺԺ
, ǲһҲǮĵط̫, ֻ׼ǮŲˣճ̾Ҫ
ؼģռܲͬ⡣󾮳ǻôԺ, ڻأһĺԺοҪô
Ǹõ, ˵ҪռȻͲն顣
ĺԺĻֵĺԺҲǿԺֵٱ
ҪҪʡһ˾ܲעд¥Щף뵱ǰˮƽд¥ܲ㣬λúʵĺҵ
СĺԺλǼƻĸλãĺԺкܶ䣬Ժӣܲ칫żᣬչʾƷ˵ȫ͵ģɱд¥
ұд¥ҪǮ⣬ļ۸ȨֱӹԼ
귿ﳵصռ򿴵ĵ׼˵ռ
ô죿ռΪô˳ҵˣҵʵ𣿡
ûУҡͷܺ˾ܲĵط
ʡܲǴǰ£ϾԺҵôˣ󾮳ֵط̫Сˡ
ռʵȥ칫¥ˣǸܹģ滹ܶ࣬ʱе㲻ֵãԺٿɡ
ǰ칫¥ǸСĺԺڹƳۡ
űռСĺԺСĺԺԳ䵱ܶ๦ܣ칫¥㣬ҵضκܺá
ռҲЩĶ˵ôǶ࣬Ҳ칫¥װ׸Ǯ˾ԼˣǼ۸еߣȱǮҪܰѼĴԺͺˡ
ԺӶʱҲû˻ǰѿµļƻһţȰܲŪҲСһ£ٰѲƷȥԺҪ˻߸̸Ҳһҹ˾ӡ
ҲУǮ¾ˣɡռ׾ͱ˵¡
ãȥҷ̸̸±˽ȵǣųֳˡ
±˽ȵǣʵĺԺ˾٣˸һûС
ȥĶû¸ɵ˺ʹˣҪ򣬻ָָ˵ﲻ¾ɣָһë
˻ﻰ⻹˵ǮˣƷٻ¥Աߵ¥ֻһء
ȥ¥ãɵӲƾԺӡ
ˣҪȥǰȥ˻ϣǶ˵ģҪ֮ǰȥⷿӲôķ
ڷ̣˽
һ۽û̫£Ѿϣȥˡ
˭ǷɨһȦҲû˸кֻԼʡ
һ̵߳ķ˺ʣξѰ͵̧ͷңǷҪ𣿡
˽һ¡
úúã·ó̵ݸ뵽ġ
ڰ֣Ҳ飬лл
мķ䣬еؿʼĺԺжöá
һż֣һҲܿûʲô۾飬ֵ̫ż
ȻѾ˷ӣȻ꣬ȻŵӾǾ˵㣬ǿҲԣǹ˵㡣
ʵλôãҪҪ϶᲻ҪҲ΢һ㡣
һǶ٣
Ҳһǧٵ治ˡ
Æ£аɣǧǧɣˡ
ĥƤӵ׼ˣûͳˣ٣ˬ죬Ұ֤㿴Ȼ
ôã˵Χָ㣬û򣬽ͻȻȥˣüӷͿʼˣߣ߶ߣˣȥˡ
ȥˣм˲ţĸԩͷģںӷֻñ죬߳ĺԺ
ͰŻݵǧҲ͹ѣǮ˸Ժӡ
Ǯˣµֻʱǳһʱ䡣ɫ棬ߴĺԺ
СĺԺЩƾɣʰɾ󣬵гǽװѣЩ칫Ҿߺչʾܣֱڷŵͬķ䡣
רŻȥƬƷѡϡӹ̡ƷչʾȵȣζͼƬ
õʡ湫˾ɴ棬װȫĺԺչʾ
ͬʱҲʡǿʼעṫ˾
ڴ֮ǰ󾮳ǵҵǷɢģʳƷŵ֤Ƿֿġ
ڼȻʡҪܲ͵һ˾רŰ󾮳ǵЩҵ
עṫ˾ʱȽϳעɵʱѾֿ˼µ꣬˼Ա
ռԺøҪ飬صĵһҵ꣬ҲһµԱרŸ
׼һӣ˹˾֣ܲĴſڡ
ܲʽһ£һµô£ðһ΢¡һʽ
ռ˻ص󾮳ǣټҪ˿ᣬλĳѡźٻ
ҪԺ˾ķչԼҸԵְδλ
ϣȫԱܲμӹ˾ʽȥ֮ǰǼȿᡣ˾ܲʡǣԺǵҵҪȫʡۣȫʡչ
ǹƻ̫ˣ
Ÿǽܹ˾ļƻҪȫʡΧڣڴ󾮳һѰҵɫƷټŻȻزȫԼƷơ
Ҳÿר꣬ÿĲƷȫʡΧ
ǶںڼƻڼƻҪѲƷȫڵ⡣
ƻʵЩ󣬴ЩȻ붼ûģҲ롣
ոջֱӰ
ʲôᡣռư
һȿڣСƻĺܴܹ֮裬Ҳ֧֣̫ˣҵǣƻҪȷȰҵʵˣ㹻ˣȥ
˵Ķԣ˵ֻǼƻܶ͵ܵȡ⣬ҲҽҪ˵ġ
Ժ˾ܹ֯ģ˵ֽϸһطظˣһһһط滹һ£һһڡЩطĸ˶ܲĸ˻㱨
ŵ֯ܣ˵ԴҪ취ŬɳԺĶܲҵĳƻ㵽ܲгʦз縺ͳڣٻ£ÿطӦظ˾ǻ㱨
Ҹ̫죬⼸˱ֻССˣٻǰֻ²ȵģҲֻһˣͻȻ˵ԺҪܲ쵼㽵ͬʱѹ֮Ҳˡ
ǻŬġ
Ҵӽ쿪ʼҲҪעˣԺһܲ͵˽Ӱࡣеûкʵģͼˡ
ãû⡣
ҽһЩˣÿ˶΢׼һ칫˾ɵϵķԣɢᡣ
ؼҺռԽҶԺλãأҲһְλ
ԼҲû𣿡ЦְλʽϵһٸߴҰɡ
ʲôְλռں˾ûľְλʲô½ǻҸģԼŵʲôλ
һôģҵܾ㵱³ѹءҵѿƷƺгҲþͬ⡣
Ϊʲôôţռʵ
ΪԼϲǰ壬ԱȽأҲȫϸ£ǾҸǰ壬㸺ѿطͷգ˾ƽȿٷչ
ôռͷ
Ǵӹ˾ĽǶȽԼĽǶҲһҸ£㸺ѹء
ãͬˡռܿģҲе㷢ǵļƻԺߺ֪ܶʶóʱѧϰˡ
ǵѧϰʾͬ⣬Ժ˾ˣܶ˲ţԼҪǲѧϰҲû취¡
ţʡǲкܶط𣬻ͼݣռѧҲԽпվȥްɡ
ãôˡοռȻѧʱŬϽĺѧҲΣСʱȥѧϰûǣ뵽ˡ

ڶ죬רŰһаͳȫԱʡǣһμܲɵ
ʮˣŵԱξʦǳҲԱټԼЩζ󾮳Ѿгʮˡ
ʡҲкüԱϽԼȫѾʮˡ
ʣֵĺԺԺΣڷǹʳϣʽһС̸ᡣ
˷ֱԣȻǽԼԡ
Щ˾ԺĹ滮Ը֮Ƕ³һӭ
ұ߹Ʊ룬³³ѵǽ𣿸շӦռѾվԡ
лңռܶǰ漸λ˺ܾѾˣҲͲ׸Ȼ˾ŹƳǵҵʵѾòСˡԺĿҲ߸ԶҪȫʡȫ֪ƷƣϣЭΪͬһĿ깲ͬŬлл
⻹ռһεڷԣֶѾǻһ³еӣ˵ˣЩ죬Ŀ࿴
룬ȫ׶
ҶܼܶԱڴ֮ǰ붼ûǵĵλƣ޲˶־
ֻǼζ绹Щ¶ǻǵһʡǣڽ˵ģҲֻ̫֪Ժ
ԣվɶˣű߳Զ죬һֱĵ㡣
ѡһҵͦߵķ꣬ǰ˼ˣֱ͵ĺԺ
극ʽҲͽˡ
ռĺԺʡǵļԱȥϰ࣬˵ʱааͳش󾮳ǡ
ߺ󣬽ռЦ³ķͦģúˮƽ
ռҶͦõģܼܲ仰˵ɣǻô³
ѹɣԼǴԽģȻһҲҪߣ϶ѹ
û뵽ռȴ˵ѹҲǶûϵ㶼ԣҲŬġ
ǾͺãʵǶ̫ѹƻˣͰȥͺˡ
***
æҵʱر죬ֹܿ˼¡
ʡǵʮµѾȫҵ󾮳ġ֮ζʳƷСǳҲ˹ģ
ʳƷʳñζ䣬µζȫᵽµľƷҲᵽҲΪһӡ
ԭϻȥѡܱ֤ζȶԣҲڹ
Ϊһ˿ũƷϤн˾ũƷɹѸĲš
ռаغͲݵأǰºտǵһھտ
⣬ַչʡڵһط˷ֹ˾ҲѾʮӪ
ҵʱ䣬ռȥͼݻ߸ĴѧѧϰԼ硣
ڹæԵøҪǻƶ˽ƻÿ춼ȥѧУܲȥӾӾ
ԼԽԽˣ϶˼Ҳ˲٣ԽԽӽƥˮƽ
һжƻ˳š
Ҳϵʱ
һ죬ȥ¿չҵĳа£Ħгȥģʱͻ꣬˸
ʱѾǶ죬轵䣬صҵʱ촽ˡ
ռѾǰ˽֭ˮں֮ȥϴˮ裬ð
ϴ֮󲻾ã˻ǿʼˣɴϾͿʼա
ռȥҩҩǺñӣһӦþܺá
û뵽˺ҹռʱû˴ӦϽ򿪵ƿͼͨ죬üͷ
ռʼżȴǺѡ
ͻȻϴԹȥʱĳżøϽߺҡļ򣬿ɾǺ
θϴβ̫һϴθоӴûϢˣŸϽУȻѣǺ
ռܿ侲࣬ȥףóĦгԿ״Լ
Ȼȡ˿ë̺ڱϣë̺ϣϵ
ôŽ¥Կ״ĦгƳ˺ܴﵽĦгϣÿνôĦг
Ħгǽ̤ģûѧôʻֻƾÿοʱǼ䡣
̤򿪣ýʹȣûá
ļ٣ܣĵģֻлƵ·ţ˰æߴ绰Ҳ
ռͣԼҪ侲ʵڲоͱŽȥҽԺǴȥҽԺԶҲĹҪܳʱ䡣
۲ĦгŬ
ִиʲôأ֣һһдšһǡʻæѿؿλá
һβ̤壬ȻС
еڣ֪͸øѧһôʻĦгġ
𽭿ÿʱ˰ϵһط£ٿһ۵λѾǷ͵Ӧû⡣
̤һŲȥֻ¡¡һȻˣ
ղŵСؿʻλãӵʻ·
Ȼż̫죬ȳһɲȷŸ·Ҳȿ˫ȥˡ
ҵѧʱһͬѧѧгȻҲܽĦгƽߡ
ռŽܿҽԺͣĦгҲ˲Ͽʱ״̬ܽ˼ҡ


91 һδƽһ
ҽ˼, оգûʲô󰭣ҪΪѪǵ»Բ, Ҳÿļʱ
ռҽ˵ǰҲԹ֪ʲôԭ, Ѫûص¡
ڿʼе㲻ȷǰڴ󾮳ǵҽԺĽǷȷ
ʱҽ˵ֻеڽѾúܶ, Ȼ귢գҲڵѪǰ
ҽԺȫʡõҽԺոҽҲ˵, ѪǸ귢Ӧûйϵ
Եԭ򲢲Ƿ, ǵѪǡ
ѾõҽԺռײ岡򣬳׸Ρ
ڽҺʱҽֵҽ˵ϸһ²нֱۣӰסԺ
Һû䵽һ, ˡ
ô۾ӣе, һԼҺôҽԺˣ
ֻˣ, ռ㶼ˡ
һ£Լǳˮϴ˯, ռҩٺ˯źûӡˣֱڡ
ڼˣһ˶ãռ
ڿˡ˯ź󣬵ҹҺŷֺѣʲôʱԵҲ֪ռ˵ҽ˵ѪǣǶġ
ģûŰ
ȷʵûΪʱЩܣҲֱϴ˯ˡ
ػʡ֮ǰгԹģʱƷµĲƷмء
˵ڵһٷҲڶ԰ɣ
ǰҲбԭΪѾһλˡռҰסԺúüһ£֪ԭźơ
ðɣӦ귢ղŵ»Եġοû£˯һͺˣڸоöˣҲˡ
Уռһ࣬һҪȻҲģҲٿԵˣҾš
ǰͼ˰ǳӪͺˣѾ̫ˡ
֮ԲסԺΪ黹û꣬컹üǺҪ飬漰µ²ƷǷǲƷϵеĹؼ׶Ρ
˵ȷʵоͦõģҪǲԼǰԹ
ȫʡõҽԺһҪ顣ռӼҽ˵ҪסԺƣͺúסš
ʲôʱôԵˣЦ
˭㲻ģαҵġ

ֹ˵ҪҪҽԺ
ռǵı飬ʲôҲû˵˻ͷȥ¡Ȼ˵컹ȥڵҲֻܷŸˣͷٸ˵Ǹǡ
ȻԸռġ
ãģκúòһ顣
ǻࡣ
ϵë̺뵽һ⣬ұҽԺģ
𾪣ôԶ·ռһŮӣô
ҪǰݵʱܻУ鼱֮±ƽʱܶпܵġ
أҪԼôԶ·Ѿܲ˼顣
ǰϸ˵ֻǱ¥Ħġռ
ĦУһˣ𣿡
ѧģڲˣ𾪵ӣռе⣬ɣ
ҲΣաе£ĦгǺΣյģοҲûͷ϶һżûͷնûУԺˡ
ʱҲȥһʵ֤ʱҪġ
ûʲôңȥǾװһ绰û绰ܲ㣬ҪǼе绰Ͳôżˡ
˭˵żˣ
ոջ˵ˡ
***
ڶ֮ǰڴ󾮳ҽԺıȽϽӽμϸҪϸºܶ࣬ӦƷҲȷ
˵ΪӪ̫ʱ䣬Ҫָ
λ˵һҪģҲԭɣѾһƫ׵ѪѹѪǡ
ⲻҪҪʹҩԤٷҩٸ鿴
Ťתͻʱε΢еСëСðḴ
ҽǲǵסԺһʱ䣿ռҽֻʱһġ
סԺȻãǻƶһƳ̵ƷָĻһЩȻָˣҪһЩҩڷòСҽҪʵڲס
ǾסԺסġҽ˵겻סԺô죬ռæӦ
ԼѾûʲôȨˣֻܷӡ
һڵסԺʱ䣬ռ͵ûȥŹ˾ˡ
йҲðĦгȥԿ׽˽
úסԺҽĻ֮ǰռԽ˾Ҷţͷİɣһġ
ãˣȥɡ
û˯ռЩȻؼϴ˸ⷦ
Ȼ˵ͣѽĹİԼİš
ȵŵм鹤ٵ˾ܲ
һʱ佫Ĺİȡļ
ҽԺʱסԺֹżÿʲô£ܷԼȥɡ
һļµ²ƷļƷʱǽ磬ܹ漰Ʒ
Щ²ƷҲ֪ģѾһˣǷܹöͿĽۡ
ռ˿ļعİװԼϹ˾ţȥһŵꡣ
ԵԱСţ鷳͸͸ܾסԺ
ԱСһæʣܾסԺˣذɣ
أе¿æ鷳ˡռŰѽסԺҽԺŸСţļҹʲôˡ
źúռֱվ
˳ƱֻʮӾͷˡ
Ǹطʡǵľ󾮳ǲ࣬Сʱܵ
һȥʱһȥģֻĦȥһ㲻İ
ط󣬵վĿĵҲҡ
ǽԽӵ˻Щ⣬Ҳ֪ռݣ֪˵ҲһԽӣһһƷƷ
ռһȽҪϸһЩ̻ȷϣȷȷ緹ֻǲݲݳ˵͡
̫꣬Ѿƫˣطȴ󾮳ǿһ㣬һҲлʡǵĳ
ѡĲƷÿһһݣ³ȥҽԺ
ʱĽڵȵýǡ
סԺʵģһ罭;÷ǳѰ⻹ûһ죬滹ͷۡ
һ뵽ռȰԼסԺʱֻܼ֡ĺѹҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ռԼ緹ʱ´δʱ䡣
Ȼû˵֪ͷӹɵġ
ҽԺҺҩռͷΪΨһεˡ
ǵ緹ʱ䣬ȴû²æ飬϶
ûռȴ˵ԱСš
Сŷ˽ʺ֮󣬶ԽܾǶ³ҸķˣǰķԸġ
أʵ
˵е¿ܹ˲Ҹȳ԰ɡ
£ʲô£
û˵һ͸˵ˡ
Ŷлл㡣
Сߺ󣬽˳˼ռʲô£һͰͷǾõ飬ʱ¡
ߴ򿪷ˣһ׷һСţ⣬һ޷˿һ峴Ʈףһ
һ֪ļҹģǼҹȥԹζܲ˶ϲԵġ
Ϊﻹڹռʲô飬Եúܿ죬ֻ̫࣬һ롣
΢ʰһ£߳ҽԺﳵصңԼĹİûڣȥ˾Ҳûռ
ǰڲ²⣬Լȥûȥˣ԰ٷְȷ
ﳵֱӸȥʱ䣬ȥ˶Ҳϣֻڰ·Ŀͳ
ֻûصҽԺȣҲЩ᲻᲻˳֪᲻ϲϻĿͳ
ʱ䣬ȵúǽǡ
ȵʱʱ򣬲ߵ˶ˡ
һûϤĽŲȥҽԺſڿƫƫʱҽ˵ָҺˡ
ܿſڵλҺʱʱһſڡ
ͻȻһϤĽŲҲ֪ʲôʱȻܴôŲбϳһȷռˣ˿
ȻǸŲԽԽȻ߽Ĳ
~һţռһɣһ۾ͿŵҺƿҺڸоô
ͦõģûʲô
緹𣿡ռСŰæ˰ɣ
ˣǲ̫࣬Ҿȫ˻ûꡣ
Ա˾ͺáռЦŴ򿪰ö㿴һ
ˣ֪ȥ˰ҰȥˣҲǰ˵һ˳𣿡
ʲôа£Ҳҵ𣿶ˣ㿴ļóݸְƷȡһݳԵģȳһȥ
ӹļռûʲô̬Ϊˣôˣûǰ˵ˣҲǻصҲžģ˵㲻ͬ⣬鲻Ӱ
ΪˣֻǴǰȵЩĽڻеûļϣЦſ֪Ҳͬ⣬ΪʲôҪԼȥأ
ռһס˵ĻҲ޿ɱ⣬ֻùԹԵǸԲ𡣡
Ц㿪Цģôأл㻹أֻҵһ磬鶼ˣôйĵ
ʲôҰ첻鰡
Ȼǵ㰡鲻ȥ춼û¡
̫ˡռԺ󲻻ȥˣģֻҪܰþС
á˶٣һֱֻűҲУҲҪҪԼֵ󣬡һֱġ
ȥˡռҪš
ȱæЪסҺһȥ԰ɣҲȥ͸͸

ڽϳʱѾǻƻʮˡ
ⲻ䲻ȣ˿˿΢紵ͦʣ·ֱߵһ㳡ʱ˾ڹ㳡ߡ
췢£ǰ˵ĶԻʱռ˵ֻҪܰþС
仰ʱһֱΪԼĺܶ鶼ΪͻȻҪʲôû
оǰ𣿡ռ򣬡·档
ţͻȻôʣռһ£ǰԼĻЦЦǵûУֻ󲿷鶼죬ҲǺϰߡ
ҾۣҲѹ󡣡ǰҲȫҾ΢һͲӦˣ
ǲһǰΪ岻ãҲû𣿡ռֶͬԱȣ˵Ȼãһǹ˾³أж³µģ
³¶Цһ㶼ܾ³ѹأܾܺͺˡ
Ҳһ㶭³ҲһֻĶ³ο⣬ܲһµ飬Ҫͣɣ
ã֪ˣҲʲôԼˡ
ڵڴ﹫˾ǽ˻ռǰװ׵϶³ģԷڡ
ȻԼҲ֪˾ҪǽģҲһֱȥҲŬ๱ףŶԵ³νȻ粻
һֱŬҲ˺ܶ飬ѧ֪ܶʶ˵õġ
ţһŬ
***
ڶ磬ռ극ص˾ϵؿſڵš
ռϽӭǰ㣬ʲô𣿡
һ绰ϵǣβкֱ϶ʲô¡
ڵȵˣռСأ˲ͷϵĺ飬Եúż
㣬ʲô˵ˡ
ϰҽһռǶ³ɲǰԼˣٳҲø˵ֻ˵
ģԭͷĺܶԱ֣Ҫϰ࣬Һ˵˵Ҳô죿Ҫǻȥ
Ѿǹͷˣ¸ҲûϵҲֲϰռһĪЩ¸ںǲĳ˭ϰ൱ȻԼ˵㣬Ҫϰĵʲô
ǲüҲȰߣȾһˣû취ʱǻڴſأֻܿά򡣡
˵ռޣֵǲиޣǰ
Уٻ˵ˣи˽ޡ
ͷ𣿡
ǾͲ֪ˣҿֵסŴߴ٣ѽˣǸСһ°ɣô飿
סԺҸȥɡռ
סԺô£ϲأ
أҪס죬û£ҸȥԽġռƽƽ͸š
УҲö˵ϾסԺҲ˵ռ򣬡ȥС˳ûʲô顣
á
˹˾ûȥֱȥҽԺ˵
ЩԭҪǸޣþ¶ˡ
Ҹһȥ˵žҪʰµó׽ȻԺ󻹻鷳Ǹޣǵù¹죬ġ
ȥˡռͬ⣬ܼᶨؿܸ㶨ġ
ǸĹ죬ٿɵӣûټ֣˵󲻴˵СҲСǺܷġ
ݹռٴȷϣռȻᶨûа㵣İڲƽӡ
תһ룬ʹ㲻Ҳûϵβд´ΣοסԺڼ䣬ռʲôȥġ
ҲУҪСĵ㣬Ǳ߻磬Ҳ̫ģҪʲô£ʱϵҡ
û£úסԺõġռ
ռ߳ҽԺվƱϻش󾮳ǡ
·˴󾮳ǵһЩ˵мҳҲˣеҲڴԣĻ̵̻ġ
ǰͷˣеԼҲеȥ˱ĳû뵽ڱĳҲˣٴʧҵ
Ҳ֪˭Ķÿʮʮ֣Ҫϰࡣ˵ڹͷѾչúܺˣƾʲôǻ˵Ҳ˵ͨ
Ҷ¸ڣǵȻûطҹҳ·еҵе˻Ƚѡ
һЩģ˹Ķ֡
ռһ·룬ʲô취ƽأ


92 
ռص󾮳ʱ, Ѿ°ʱ䡣
ſҲҲѾ뿪ԱҲѾ°ؼˡ
ֻѡٻźڳǡ
ֻռһ˸Ҳ, 鷳ܲܺܺýҲûס
ռһûͣ, ϼ˵ңӦԷ
ôʵߺûʲô°ɣ
ûУҲô, ѵſʵڷˡ
ֲܶǶ֣һֱôȥӰ칤ˡҲܳ, ռ, һֱҪС磬ֻһ˻𣿡
ûϵҼǡռҶʲô취ûһһ°ɡ
ѷ޷޵Щ˸ҲܰǶץˡһֱñǵɫ, Ҫǰǳʲôˡ
ǲССֵС, ǿٷչĹ˾²ܳ嶯
ǰҲǰҪûѵ𣿡ѵڻǼе, Ƿϡ
˵Ķԣܸ嶯£ȻǵȦˡ, ҾǾ͸ǺģǵģǾſŲ˽У˭ĵù˭
ûͬİ취Щ˼ȻʧҵˣǾ͵취ҳ·һֱţɺĿ϶Ĳ˶á
й۲ֵĶЩʲôںܶʧҵҲͬ飬Ҷף˶¡ҵķԣռʵٻӦϤԭϳˣ˴ŶЩʲô֪ɣ
֪ٻͷȷʵ˵һֵĶǰͰӵЩˡ
ã֪ˡռ㣬߻иλ԰˽𣿲ڳȫطû˵ļƻ
һһѣӼһЩæǿɲУǶЩʲô˰ŽԺ󻹵ˡ
ǰ˽˾ԺҸ͵
ռô׵İ취ЩнҲ֪ռôģ˵˿϶ҪеģҲĸҲΪЩ֣ͣˡ
ѸλٻԭͷԱҿûкʵѡռ
ѾƸˣСٻ㻹ǵðɣٻ
ǵãѾ׼·˹ģЩ֡ٻͷ
һ£ٿûʺ⼸λռٻȻٿûп׵ˣҲһԺ˻رĵطҪ֣Ƕȿǡ
˵˼ҪЩµ˻ᡣ
ЩǣͣƸΪ֣ռ򲻵ҪƸרԭͷˣǲǸҪìܺͲ
ռС᲻Щ˸ӱ䱾һָܴ̼װ㻹Ǹ˵˵ôİɡ
ǰֵֻøסҲ
£ҪֵøףǾֻܹ¹ˣҪ߷ɳ򡣡ռһиλȿְ˵һֱչ¸Աǰ¡Щйʱϧӣʲôᣬôõ£
ͬ⣬ȿ¸ڵְܺõǸҵһռ⣬ʼôͬʱҲܶסЩµ͡
Ҳ֧֣ܶסǵ𣿡Щɻ
ѽ͵²סҲڲһˣ壬϶ջģҶ֪ûֵΪԼУʱиվߣǲʮʮ˵ģǻôš
ŶˣҲ˵Ѿ御ҲΪûûʸ񡣡Ȼ򣬡ʱҪ֣иǴҲɶԸǡ
֮󣬴Ҷʾͬܰܶƻˣһãؼܺúһǰﲻġ
СйԡŶռ˴Ĵָ
ҲʼĿ࿴ǰռЩûףţʹûҲܴҰƽ鷳
ѵСڲǶ³취ˡ
ȻҶûǾȰ취ɣͷռʱҲˣȥԷɣҶˣ͡
룬ԣ˽Ǻѣڹ˾쵼쵼£ȻдС
еϹռ˵㣬ǲ뷨Ҳַ쵼ģøлҵึ쵼мӣǰôǵ𣿡
ǰǲż˰СȻȲˣǴ˾ˣйء
ԭôһת䣬ռøˣ㣬Ϊ˾С޹أ˾Сɵģй磬ϾǶ֪ͷôյġ
⻰˵ѾˣͷҲʶԼǱʶ뷨ԣԣȷʵˣҼ֡
ûôҾ˳һ£ҸۣԺ˾ǲ쵼ҶҪ̫¼Ĺֻ鲻һҾõİǰǵʱͺܺãҶϲ
УɣЦҲˡ
Ѿ˽ҶܸˣڻЦн飬һȥԷ

극ԻؼңռߵţֵʱѾˡ
ڽϵĳǰܲһк̯ܶġԵСʲôĶУÿһСξһ
ǰ̯ĺ٣ʹҲһǰ죬Щû㶫һȥкܶˣЩʮ˱źӰ̯
·˵üˣҲܿóкܶʧҵ
ռƶ˿ӣͬҲڹ̯֪ףԶЩЩͬ顣
̯˶ˣⲢá
ǵСԽ֣᲻Ҳһҵ뵽СԽȥ
һСԽȴûӰ죬ȺЩʧҵĲһˡ
ר˸̯õĴҲԼĲࡣ
ӦѾϰߣֻҪҹͶԸýϵС̯ûʲô⣬ҲһֿǽϰڵĶóԡ
Ϊˣռȥʱڽ˺üݣһҲ뿴ζΡ
⣬֮С̯ĶܺóԣĺóԺܶࡣ
е̯Ķǰûר̯˵Ǽ汲żŪЩóԵģֻǰԼԣû·ˣܲܶǮ
ռ߳Աߣ쵽ʱֳ︡һ뷨
ǰ˸绰ĽͬʱҲԼ뷨ǷС
ǼûװΪ˷ϵ˶һ̨
绰ûԼĺһ£óһʡǵĺ룬ǽ
ռѵ绰벦ȥһͱͲｭ
أôص绰ô죿
ԱߵĹ绰׼㲦أȲˡ
ôʵ
ո˷ռ򽫾õİ취һ飬Ȼô
취ãһãø˳Ƥ
뷨Լ϶Ҫúýѵһ´ͷޣҲ֪ôƤѾٴˣðͷ
ռ취û˸գܽܰﵽҪˣԼİ취ǿ
ͬ⣬Ǿôˡ
ãͷǸҪǻ˳֣Ҳö˵а취ˣʲô鶼⡣
ͷ̫߿ˣҲ͸ֶѣռҪǻ϶ġ
𣿡ǲ̫˽ޣΪǸ˭ͷɣʵʩ귽ͱԼԳ棬ѾС
֪İɣûġ
ˡ
ûʲôġռŵи뷨ܲܰСԽһ£
Ϊʲô
ռڽϵţȻ˵е˼ĶĺܺóԣǿפǮ⣬Ҳ⣬Ҳ롣
˼һֻ첻оһˣüȴԶСԽֵ뷨ҲԼǰļƻıϡ
ð޳ɣҪ͵ø¥ˣҸĵطʱȽϳͷʱŪɡ
ǿԵȣЩʧҵ˵ȲġռҾþͽʡʳӾͺˣӦòûܶʱ䡣
ʡǵʳǣǴǰȥΣһܴļ¥ܹ㣬ֻиֽˮཨɵӺ¥壬Χ˷ͨ͸ģ¥ǸС̯㡣
ҲУĹڻ̺ܶ࣬ôҲø£þЩ̯ͬСȹҳԺɡ
ãҾǸ˵һ£Ȱڵ¡

ڶһٴοᣬٻһҪеĸλѡһԭͷµԱ
ֻĸˣٻÿλƼˣһѾҵ˲ʣѡȷԺܹ˳е
ÿ˵ĴǰڳıΣٻҲ˱עֱռĿ
ռٻȥϵˣ˶ѷԸȥһӭͷְĺ
ܼ򵥣ܿãһܴľϣڴԺм䡣ݳ˻ӭְȻҲ³ʧҵԱݡ
ռ˰һӺӣھͺ档Լš
˼ӣµЩ½½ˡһ쳧ôҪʲô£һŷ־ȻǻӭϹͷԱ
Щ˻ͦ˷ܣΪǵġЧЭˣһЦģſǲǿԽȥ
վſڣÿһۣҪռǰЩˣҪڳˣдš㡱֣ЩǶû֪֮
ŵһСʱٻˡȻסöԶȥ˻ǱȽϷʱ䣬еĻ˻ະȻûô캰롣
һʮˣǰĶʮ˶ɵˡ
ǿˣԼҲ֪Щ˶ǰڳŬɻģٿݣһô£ԭﻶӭѹЩûϵ
׸һЩ˱ǰκʱҪһѷΧſ
еѣеĳռǴַǲƽ
Ҳ׼ԭǳļ֣˽ǵĳҲ
⼸ָһÿúܽʵһ˿˶Ҫ֡
ǵסſڣЩҲ̫
ˣֱһ̣һʱͷԣԱߵ˲Ÿô¡
Ĵɤžóˣڣǻ˶Ҫȵġ
ܲ˾Ϳʼ£˵ҲϹͷĹǸɣ±˭࣬ƾʲôڻӭְȴֻӭһЩͰ
ռԺ֮ǰֻüͻȻһȵŤͷһָֻŵģ˱š
㣬һȵǼһ£վҵſڵѲýҲŽˡ
ʵٻѾ͹ˣռȥһޡ
ȥɣ̫ˣҲվЩҴöԸһЩ
û£ȥͺˣҲ뿴׶Щʲôˡ
ռ߽ſڣ£ϰ庰ҪϰֱӶԻЩСͰ˵ϡ
ѺٻЦЦЩСͰҲûһ˴ȴúڸ˵һ
޽ֵ֪ϰʲôϵ𣿸ǰɣǸͬͬѧҿûչǣϵúܣôԴңҸǣһԲ˶ߣ
ռҪǷ𣿻ǳԴʲôҩ
΢Цߵſڡ
ٻҲ£ϴʱ򣬽ԴһʱǾڳ
һռ߳ˣæˣ³
ռ΢΢ͷҲ˳һмӵվſڣָٻҪ
ٻݸԼվߡ
ˣȻƤ񣬿Ǹղ˵ֻҪǱռҲǺûģҸղԼôռûŹ֡
ǰֶûռҲ֪ȥʡǣû뵽ռȻˡ
޺޲õиһͷȥĽŲȺ
Щһֵ˵ϰ廹ͬѧƵǰ棬ҪǱ
ٻѺ³ǿʼ޸Ͻ˵ӶӲˡ
ռ˺³Ҳ޼ʲѣ³ݱԼ֪Ҫ߳ٱǰԼô˼ңڸûֱ档
ٻһ޽˾ȣϽͣռ³ǱǸ˵ͬѧ˵ҪֱӶԻҪҪ
ţռȣ濴һȺͬѧûĸλվһ°ɣܶ겻ǲ̫ˣʵڲ˼
ڿɲվ˫ʵ⣬Ҳˣڵռɲǰô۸ˣҲռˣҪռڰǰЩ˵϶Ҫɨء
ǸŮģվǰǸٻҲþԼţֱָռ򿴣Ҫ˸ѿ
ŶռβװȫʶޣֺһһǸ⣬޵˼ļǲˣͬѧСѧѧģʲô֣
ޱһᣬתǿȺ߿ޱܻؼȥˡ
ôأǸƭӣٻһɻ
ˣʼɡ
ռһٻˣע㵽


93 ˲֪
һȺϹֵռǰǰͬһŽ, ܲζ
ʱҲʶˣôȥûʲô, ³DIAOǣôһ취̼ǡ
еȻò, ܷŭеòҲ޻˵ϾԼȷʵ类ѡϵЩˡ
һЩˣ￪ʼ, ʵҲǱȱ˲ֻ˻Ҳͻ, ʧҵµĻ, Ȼֲǡ
˶ýռɨһǶʮˣٿЩɻӣѾ˰, ô˵ţ
ֵ˴̼ÿ뷨̫һ, Ѿûʲô֣һͷɥ׼뿪
ռԱߵٻǲ㺰İɣôôˣǸղǸŮһģ
ٻûסЦҺ, Һ˶ˡ
ҲϹͷְռЩˣʱӭְҪʶҲӭƼ
󲿷ûٴȥ, 뿪ˣһ߹
ͷ˶ռǸ³ǼǰȷʵĲ̫λǱȴ󲿷˻ҪһЩģҲûǸ˵ҲܰѻɵúܺãҲ֪ʵʱ󻷾ģܲٸǼһλ᣿
ռһЦˣ㿴ЩˣΪʲôûأЩҲֻǵǼǱѡҲûôλǣڸǻᣬǹƽ𣿡
ԷԶԣתˣǱ˵һ䣺֪˺αص ԺǵҪϧᣬԴ
ռٻصԺʮǼǣҪԵİ˸ȥԡ
ռٻԸȥصĵǳǼǣٻϱܡ
ˣʱ˽ְǶռǷǳмлл뿪
ǻȥûڱǰ¹˾ԸְǻᣬҶ³мӣֵȻҲˡ
ռصʡǣüסԺ죬չĵƷѾͨζž͵ÿʼ̿г
˵ʱ䲻ˣгȥɣԺӦþܰ鲼úãʱͿֱ̻ˡ
¼ĴռѾӹɣֻǲôൽܡ
Ҳ⼸ģҳԺһȥɡ˵
ҲأαػأؼҲͣ飬Ҳڵţʱ䣬⼸ȥ˶á
˼άҲһˣӴֿ⣬˵ҲǣҾǾһȥ̫࣬ǵȼɡ
ռôУô˵ˣ󾮳ҲЩԸȥµط˵ÿһ춼Ǽ尾
Цſҷڶ³ԽԽģˣҲرã֮ǰǼ飬Ҫȥ϶벻ôõİ취˿ڶ
Ҳ˼ô죬Զһ涼ûռѹǰϲֳĸо治
ұΪ
˵Щˣг飬ʲô뷨˵ȥ졣
ðɣˡ
ֲֻԷʱռ˹˾һµطŵˡ
ʱռȥ鶼ˣٻϹͷѡ˼˹ȥǵľҵ⡣
һǲӸ˿ʵ£ǰνӭְ鲢ôŵˣҲѡ
Щõ¹ˣǼӱŬԴҵҲϧ
Ϊ󾮳ǱһҿʡǡһطҲ˷ֹ˾ĵҵǹ˾ܿ˴󾮳ǵĽһԺ
ǸĹʴ٣һطҪߣм¸ڵְҲϣȥǹ˾ϰࡣ
ҵչܿ죬ûãѡźٻʡܲϰ࣬ԭȸֱ𽻸˸
ѶΪ˾ܲãȫʡҵʵʩ͹ѸԭϺͺڱϡ
Ǽܼ࣬вƷļҪѹأԲƷƷʸٻǹ˾¾Ƹйص
Ϊֲ֤Ҫڲ⣬ܹ֯˵⼸֮Ȼв죬֮Ƕģû¼ϵֻкϵĸ˶򽭿㱨
鰴Ͱţ齻Ǽ߹ܾӪռҲܹڳʱȥСԽֵ顣
СԽֵĵطֻʮ꣬ʱͦڴ㽨ʳǣöˡ
½ʳǣͶ֮ǰҪö࣬ռЩԺص˼ⲻʨӴ󿪿ڴǼֱۣӰѵջȥ
ĻɱͶʾͲ̫ʣһÿδ̯ǵȶԣһյط̯Ҳûط̯Ӫ
˾ӳڣֱӰѵؿ
ǸĿǳˣԴӰѵط˽͹ÿֺе
ڽͻȻţҪһǮ˵òˡ
˿۸һӳڵļ۸һϵļ۸һг⣬ļ۶г۸һЩ
һϼƣϵļ۸ߺö౶Ҳ֪ʮԼǸʲôӣڲ϶˵һĴȣɴѵˡ
껧潨Ӿû˺֮ǡ
ռǸĵˣ뾡Щѵˣ˵ȥ
ֱʡ˽˾ʡǵĽ˾Ҫרҵ࣬ЧҲߣǹ滮裬ֻҪŹ̽ȺС
Ϊ̵ʱڽɣʳǽṹοǰ˵ʡʳǣ˾ʱΪʮ졣
ʱҪ࣬Ҳһֵ⣬ʩһʼڰ̯̯Ʊʱ͵Ъҵ
ЪҵʱڽԲ𣬵̯ǵʧߵöࡣ
һһҪ⣬Ъҵôʱ䣬˿ͺʧòϰߣʱֵͷ
취ռʩ̯ɲԣҪǹ̶ӣ
̫ȫҸʱĵطɡ
˼ȥֻһطǿԣǾǳԺ
ȥ̯ȥһµʩڼʱȥ̯
˵ǵļƻ̯Ƕʾ⣬Ըʱһʱ䣬˵½ʳǣˣԺҲǮ
Ū˿֪ͨڴſڣʳʱȥǵĳѡ
̯̯Ӱߺ󣬹Ϳʼˡ
ڼ䣬ռȥǳаǿء
Ϊڳϰ࣬µĸҲᵽ˳ڸŮѾסȥϣҲһȥ
ھӰæտЩСûݵغҲӣҵ̫æһֱûϿݵϵĲЩˡ
ؼʰ׼緹ռȥǿء
վڲݵϣ˶Щпϴʱ򣬺һζѣתۼǶʡȥˡ
ռԽطҲǰļƻˣ㿴ڳ̫ùж˻˼棿
ǾٹһʱɣҲ֪طа˵㣬ǲ̫ˣֻֻȵʱʱ򣬳а۾ͻǣڼ۸񲻸ߣȷһԺлġ
ţҵ϶кõĺͲõģ鶼׬Ǯĵռο͵ʱ羰ˡ
ʱ䶼̫æѵУ˸ɴڲݵϿ羰ЩСвݡ
ʮӣԶͻȻ˺Ϥʶˣϰ壬ôˣϰ壿
ռͷʮף̫
˭ʶ𣿡ռʵ
еӡ󣬵벻
ȻûϳǳԷ˻֣Ǵк
ܾǲʶɣҷʶռҲˣܶ㲻ʶʶ
Ҿú
˵ţ˺߽ܿˣЦ˵ϰ壬ǵˣҽǰġλ˰ɣ
û뵽ռҲ֪ȻѾˣ󾮳ǿѾ˲֪
һ£ŶˣСľĳҾߵʱƤﳧϰ԰ɣϼģ
ѽǵң̫лˡԣҼҾǰƤﳧϰ࣬ƤﳧûˣڳҲ֪ʲôãҸԷĻʵڲоֵء
Ƥﳧûˣô˵ûûˣϱֻ˵ʱ¸ڵ˶࣬ûʵԵĸܣе𾪡
ˣû˵ĳˣĵĸûû̾˿ҵôģ̫ܲ⣬ʵġ
ҲݵϣǽһЩƤﳧǰ飬ʵҲ֪ÿҵջĵĳࡣ
ȻÿһЩƤﳧǰǸĴ󳧹ӦӹƤ쵼еҰģ豸ˣʼԼƤߡ
ĶȥԭĳҲ˹̣ŵǳûҵ
ʡʵƤﳧӦõղŶԣںܶ˶׷ƤƤߣǳг
Դ󾮳ǵƤﳧǺ˽⣬ҲûĲƷǳЩƷںܶ˶ϲƤߣôȥأ
˵ʵɣǳĶĻкܴģʽ̫ãҲܶ࣬ȥҲġ̾ǵǳӹӹƤܲģĳҲͦãΪԼҲûˡ
ӹĺܺãõʲô̶ȣܸȤ
ʡмƤߵģǰȥȫʡĳӹƤ﹩棬Ĳ˵ǰ϶û⡣
ǻͦϧģռҲʾϧǿֹͣԼƷ˹Ϊʲôֱӹسأ
Թģûá˵ǳȲ˺ģȥ̸ʱ˼Ҿѹˣû˵˼ѾǩµḶ́ҲΪȥΥԼǴ̫ˡ
ǰڳ︺Ŀ飿
ش𣺡ҾڸתչƤǰѿƤƷʵĵһأԴͷ
ǳպûҲû𣿡
ûУҡͷӹƷûҪԼƷã˭ҽ֣
ôųţ豸ҲĳҲЩʲƤﳧҲôʲôܰɡ
ɲЩ豸ĵطҲòϣھôŵƷˣ˵ϧκЦһ쵼أҲĸɵӻһǮ̯ӡ
ǻͦȤġЦ
ͻȻΣǣ˵ļٵģҿɲ˵ɵ
ȤҲооǷС
վҪ˽⣬ҵˣҶͦϤģҲˣҼɣҼﻹЩƤƤߣǳģҪȥ
УǾȥ
˸ռʽȤѽƤﳧպܴ󰡡
ȿҲ޷Ҳʱ䡣ǾͿǿǣҲðա
á
ң˲ˮƤƤߴǿ
ռ£һϸһԸǽ⡣
Ƥ֪ʶǲ̫Ҳóͦרҵ˵ͷͷǵҲϹģרҵ֪ʶ
ʵǵ˵ƤﳧƤĲôƷƤȥȳӹƷϸ٣ɼӹĲأʽƸ޴²ۣʡ
˵Խ֮ǰܶʱƤߣռ򶼾Щޱȣ֪ЩƷʲô
ʲôʱȥǳЩ쵼ʼ۸ʲôġ
ǵû⣬ʱԡһѱ˷˵ƤƤߣȰǣǿҪˣɽ󣬷ĺܴ󡣡
ţҲпգߣ㿴֡
ǾУ΢Ȼֻһ棬ǵʱҺܴæ˵ֵĹҾʵ˵ʱǴȥǡ
ᣬҲ㣬֪ĸ˵˵УллˡҪǷ㣬Ҫȥ
԰ˬӦһȥ쵼绰ûʱ䡣

ϻռʽôأƤﳧȹͷҪֺܶࡣ
Ҳ֪ĽΪпľȥ϶ĸȤ
Щ֣ҲлᡣûзƤﳧҵʳƷҲй
ʲô
ĺܶ඼ʳҪܶţ⣬ƤﳧҪܶƤţƤƤҪҲƤԺ󣬾ͿʹãӸļֵ
ǡռһҲĳһ𻨣Ҫ˾ļֵߺֻܶ࣬ҲҪ⣬ȥ˽һ°ɡ
ţ˵ĿǰҪĻƺͼ⡣
ԣǹؼռͬԭƣҪȥƤӣƻҪһЩ
ûҲеȤԭƺͼ⣬ôĴط˲С
ţҲҪʡǵġ
ͳһڶȥƤﳧ
ƤﳧȹͷҪСܶ࣬ͷһǰԱҲֻʮ豸ҲֻһߣѵһС
ӹ豸ȽϾɣŵͼģѾûô
һȦֱʼ۸񣬿ʮ
ͷһСƤﳧļ۸еˡӦûٵ㣬ڲôҲ
ռӦȣû˲֮ǰż֡ԽҪȵȵȣȷҪɡ


94 Ƥ߳
Ƥﳧ, صѾõĳͿⷿгӹǲ豸
֮⣬Щճӹ˲, ܹѿػԴƷʵڡ
Խϱ˽С, ֻҪû˽֣˶þͻɷ棬豸ֱӱϣھ
ӹҪ˲źͼ, ҲҵΪ֪ڵAʡһطǹƤ߼ӹõĳС
кܶƤ߼ӹĳңΪط־Բҵ, ȫ, Ա˳ΪƤ߳ǡ
Ȼ̫Ϊ֪ҲӦѾ߹ģˡ
Ƥ߳ÿ춼ȫظˮƽƤ˲ŵıֻҪȥ϶ҵʵѡ
ֲ뾭ռ飬´ġ˵ǰ֪ôϢ, Ҳͬѡ
ãǾ, ȷ򡣡ռ
Ϊ˱Ƥﳧ쵼ϵʽƤﳧҪǰ绰б, Ҳǰ֪ͨӦԸȱ˸ߵļ۸
ͬʱҲæ⣬ʲô֪ͨǡ
ڶ콭ͳǰƤ߳, ½ʳǵռš
ʡǣؼʰ˵㶫ֱվһ̣һһϾ͵ʡƤ߳ǡ
Ƥ߼ӹĵطڳǱߵһططܴҲܶࡣ
ϾڻǾʮطûǺܹ淶ߵطһһȥЩµĸо
ϸһҲܺ׿Ƿģƴ½С
ߣ󲿷ǺܶСģСҼСеʵĳңԱ߸ĳ
Сȥ󳧷һǲýģǶԼĲƷչʾṩ̼̲ιǢ̸
һ»𳵺͹ʱ仹磬żȿʵĳңһǵƺˮƽ
һȦּʹʵ̣ǵĲƷҲձйоأû̫ʵĶóǵĶλǸͨȺѵġ
ƷǰһģһҸʱƷƴĹ
ýе⣬ϾЩⷢչ磬Ҫܶࡣ˵ҴʱƷƣƵʽȻҲҪڲͬʱԪҪܶ࣬Ҳǰ
Źһ飬ĿǰгϵĲƷˮƽһʶյĿĵءƴ½
һ䳤εĽ˺ܶС䣬һСңÿ֮Ҳûǽ˿໥ܿţҲɡ
ÿ乤ͷ϶һСľ壬дŹƣȥЩա
ÿ乤һԼƵƷе·еǰƤӣƤЬ֮ġ
ЩҪһ³ңССṩʽƣ˹ҵˣҲкܶѧϰˡ
֮ƽʱ˽ӻɻпյʱͻѧϰһЩȤĶ
Ʒˮƽ֣ΪѰҸˮƽ˲ţרע˵ÿ乤ңÿƷü档
ЩԶһһϸ꣬Ͳһˡ
Щҵ˱Ƚ飬ȤܽһԼԪء
һ飬ļˮƽΣѾŶ
ƽһ߹ȥһ֪ͨ˵һҪһᡣ
ܸȤǵĽȻپҼʦһģûȤƤ߲Ʒ
˿ʱ䣬뽻ỹһСʱһˮƽܸߵʦ̸̸
һŮʦ俴ʮꡣԴ򽭿󣬾ûпչüһпոܽƷֻһֱͷæ
ô˼ңߵĹңϸЩƷ
ܹ֮ΪƷǳڲͬһۿȥͱȱƸУԵΣȤԪأÿһƷ񶼱һ⡣
ĹҼʹòģҲǽƷƵʽеѾЩȣûһԼĸԿԡ
ΨҹҵƷԼĸԣһҲ磬һеζ
ֲЩңڹ׷ԶƷƵòײ࣬ЩЦ
֮ڽҵƷʱикֵԪرãһǰһٿҲúԽԽÿ
ϸϸҵƷҲŵ˼ңҵ˴ŷѾڶû棬æµ֮ŤͷͷЦЦȻͷæ
ҲͷЦЦƷ
ΪͶ룬ʱҲܿ죬һСʱܿ͹ȥˡ½½ߵ෽һ䷿䣬￪
ת׼Ⱥߣҵ˻æһҲûҪȥλ˼
ã㲻μӽ𣿡߹ȥòʵ
μˣеæ̧ͷһ۽ϵĻҲͣ룬ʣѵҪμӣ
ұμӵġ
￴ô죬Ҳ֣Ļĺ棬־μˣ
ԣ˶٣ҽнգ
ҽ誣ָָһߵĵӣ
ллҲù£᲻ŵ
ᣬھһϲŻơ誵
ŶǾͺã￴һȦƷڲͬԺ̣һʵ̫æˡΪμӽᣬһȥ
ƽʱǻμӵģʵ߲ˡ誱Ц˼ҿ￴˺ܾˣҲ˵һΪ㿴ôá̲ҵǿԵġ
̫æɡ
û£Ĳġǽ첻ɣҵɻСѶûȻҲôæġ
УҪӶƻǸԼƣȻģֱʣ˵𣿡
㣬ЦЦһЩ࣬󲿷ֶԼġ
һ˼֣ǸԼƣǾ˵ԼҪԼĿԾʹ󽵵ˡ
ô˵ԼĳǰɣƷҪأ
ЩƷȻۣǲѵĴ󲿷˵΢ǰ˵㣬ܴ󲿷˻ԼԦ
û뵽һЦˣûгӣҾôһңҶ٣㿴ЩԼģż˿˾һƷЩ󲿷˶ϲġ
󲿷˶ϲԼϲҲӭϴڵĲƷ԰ɣʵ
誵ĴŴҲܿǸʲôˣôһ˵ܲµƷƣʲô
Ҳǣ誽ЦҪӭϴڵҲҾֻеֵĶ
⻰Գǫ飬֪ԷûԼֿ˺ĿܣֱӸ˵ԼĿġ
̫ǫˣ￴˴ˣϲƷҽҸʦ֪û˺ϻ￪Ƥ߳Ŀܣ
ļٵģ¿𣿡˵ǴЦ
ֻò̫ţԴƤ߳ǵʱ𣬾￪ˣҲû˵Ҫֻм˾Ʒиԣżᶩ
쿴æʵҲǽϵɣ¸ɻûڣƽʱһҲæ
ģҼȻˣ̸֪ģʽͱú棬Ҹʱúİɣô
誳һ£ȻϵĻУôãǾİɡ
żæġ뵢˵ĻһûĵһʧͲˡ
ûϵҲæòˡ
˱㿪ʼΧƷ誺ܶ⣬ŵ֪ԭڹѧƣһЩ֤顣
ȻﻹǸԻĵطҲѹƷŷǳá
ԭŻչȭţԿհ׵гһҵû뵽ʵûס
̫ӭгûʲôʶֻżӵ㵥Ӷա
һֱû룬һֱԼϲƷ
Ѿ˼ʱ䣬һʼܻгͷ֮գѾ̫ϣֻǲԸʵͷ
ʵڽΧЩƷֿʱ;Щڲͬ
ʺʹţԭΪΧ۵ʦͬУû뵽һܹʶƷϰ塣
һЩĶ誽Լͼƻ
˵ϣһ֪ƤƷƣѾֳɵĳӹƤﳧƷʰμƤԭϣͲһõʦ
ҺܳϿҵ˵Ҫҵʦ
ЩΪ뷨Լıϣ˵ҪйġѧʱУһǸհס
ĵúͶ뷨꣬ϻ
ͰѺϻ﷽̸ˣΪʦϻˣռһֹɷݣ𽨳;ӪͬƷơ
ԭ˴ȥƤﳧı⣬гǰأӦðѳ
Ͷ֮ǰ鶼ɽһЩƷĹ滮
׶ΣƵƷгϿ϶ֲ̫ãΪ³ܹ棬ͨĽܣҵһʦ򳬡
ˮƽҲʵƵĶǸгߵģרŸСƲƷÿƷöܲ
ʵȫȥְֻЩ󳧶ȽϰĹȻͣҲȲӵӣ滹ȫԼ˵㣬һֱԼҽӵ
Լ뷨ŵϵȫɣԺϻ˵ݼ룬ռкܴһֹɷݣһͺȤ
ϾСҽӵչ鲻ǳ֮ƣ˵СҶȥˣҲӲӡ
ԽṩȻǸǳõĳ·˵ҲһֱڵĻᡣ
һļϣԺǵƤֳ߳ƷƣרпʽƣλΪ߶Ʒơ
ڼȽ豸ȻȫǰصƤ߳ǣ׾ܽԱǳҡ
Ըҵʦһ̲ص󾮳ǣۻʮƤﳧ
ŰһسæҵԭĹǸԱȫسԼƤƷʵİѹع
ͺڵְܲȫȡֻһ˻ɻ鵽ٻ£˺ܶ಻Ҫ֧
öˣû뵽ҾʱʶĽܰԼôæʧҵ͹ʱܻϰࡣ
ϰ໹˼Ժ˾ķչҲǰ
»صҲ⣬޲Խм㡣
ЩͣȥƤ߳ҵط
ڼ䣬ռţֱ󾮳ǵʳǿʱŻ
ˣռʱ䶼ȥģȫ㵣š
Ҳ࣬鶼Ƚ˳߻áռȥʳǰɣء
ȫҪŶϸ飬ȷأǩֲŽṤ̿
ʳǣԭİ̯ܶȣ԰ھʮҡΪ˲̫ӵһ㣬ÿ㶼ֻ滮˶ʮ̯λ
ԭʮ̯λ°̯λ⡣
Ϊ½ʳǻһԣǰЩ̯¸ڹˣ¸ڹȿǣҸһͬʱҲӪҵ֧
Żݣϰ̯ĺܶ¸ڹ˶ʳǣЩĶóԣҲ㳤ȥģˡ
ǻ̯Сȿ¸ʧҵԱÿһǶ
Ҳܿ촫ȫǣ˳ƵЩپҵģǵ˿
Ϊ˱л⣬ܶ˼ҪȥԷڽÿҲиǴклΪĹס
˶ЩдռǷּҵʱܶԮǣʱͶԴҺܸмûгһԼܰﵽҡ
ԼܹǷǳֵõ飬οЩҲǹӮġ
ÿ˸лǵʱҲԶԴҵл
***
һʱ䣬µƤ߳ڽ󾮳ǵƤﳧӹƤ߳ǵ³ƺƷ
³ȽĹ豸ƷʺܺõƤӼӹõĲϡ򳬸Ʒ誸ĸ߶ƷֹҪͻ
Ƿֱ齨ԼŶӣ򳬵ĲƷƤƤºƤЬרֻƤƤӡ
³ɺ󣬰µ׼ɣʽͶ
Ȼ³ǴԭϵƺͼʵĻͶһº󣬵һƷ˳ˡ
ƤȻٸԭİװʳƷרһ
ݶλĲͬ߶ƷƷģʽҲ֣ƷƷֱפ̳Ĳͬ
Ⱥģͬ߶Ʒֻʡһĸߵ̳פרƷƶλר
ǰڽʡǿһңʡɿһңܹҡ
ƷƳʡǴ̳פ⣬һСҲפŵʽۡ
ĿǰƤ߲ƷҪƷƣûӪ¹
Ҫ˿ʽϵͨʽҪӱ⣬бƷƵļӳ֡ΪҲǽʡһԼƤ߳ƷҵǰյƤﳧԹ֮⡣
ͬʱΪԭҲԼɱҪͺܶ࣬ǻм۸ϵơ
һУЧ
Ǹ֮ǰʳƷһȴгģڱʡĸؼпŵꡣ
ȵºڲƷһֱȲԭͻȻЩԽ
Ҳżһʱҽ˵ϰ壬ڵͷ¹ĸ£ǵԭϾ͹ӦˣøϽ취а


95 仯
ȻƤ߹˾, Ȼڿֵܻ⣬ĳ󻷽ڳ©
ż, ⻹ڿɿطΧڣҲǽǴȥġ
ڿǾͺ, ǿ΢˵㣬ĵҲûȫ£ܱߵԴޣũҲ, Ƕʱھܽġ
мµʱ䣬㹻ˣũֳģ, ʱӦܹ, ʵڲȥĵطٲûԼһӰ첻ġ
ؼũӹģҲףӷǰΪʱƤﳧ, ǶһЩǰʱƤﳧպ, ܶ˼ҶѴˣʣµĶûģֿʼǲڿ԰, ҪǽҲٳ϶Ը⡣
Ǿǵ, ֻҪôȻԸ⡣
ʲôô߼۸Ļǵĳɱȥˡ˵ʹۣǼۿռҲСû󲿷˼һڵģԺҪٳƤﳧյ¾ܲ𡣡
ǵǾʹ֡ٽ̫࣬Ͼģȥ̸ɡ
áϰԳ˿Ŷ衣
ȥܱũרŴǰ׼õļͲϡ
˵طÿÿֳٸ̸
ṩչ֤۸ǩ˺ԼԤ֧һֶһӲũĺ֮ǣǽǰʽѵ⡣
취һʵʩǰûԸȴҪˡ
ǮɵӣǷպС˭Ը⣿еũͲöһЩ
ΪƷʱϣϸũǵ׼Ϊݣǩչͱ׼Ʒʴܱ֤չֹЩũΪԱպŪ¡
׼ǿȫȨƶս𡣽ÿҪԭһ̸һطĺطԼȥ̸
ôõŴͱϣȥ̸׶ˣ˼ʱ̸ü壬ϼҵĺܶ˼Ҳ˺
ΪũǵֳЧʣͬʱҲƤ߳ԭƷʣAʡȽֳѧϰٸũĽֳֳ
ǰũǶȻЧʵ£ҳԭƷʲβ룬ѧ¼ѧֳ¹滮ʽ
һϵеĸĽ廷Ҳõ˺ܴĸĹۣɾ࣬ǰġ
ǰֻ֪ºֻһĸξһΣֱᵽʲôµˣѡ
֣취˺̵ܶʱ䣬ĲƤԭϵ⣬ʳֱɵ⣬һãŸũܶôԤʵǹ˾ʡ˸ĳɱͶء
ϴ̫ˣҪŴ£Ƥﳧôܵգ˱㾭鲻Խ޽
***
𿴺ܶҵգܶ¸ڣ˵һͷչʱҵչܿ죬ֻҪµõܷٷչ
ǹ˾лڶѾͨҲѾΣʳƷƤ߳չúܿ죬ǺܿͰҵʡ
ʱû̫ãѾڳﻮʡ壬ֱӰҵչ۶ħֻеʻĴзչվȫǰλãл硣
ҵչԽԽ׳󣬽ǵĹ˾ڴ󾮳ǼܱߵѾ˲֪˲ȫʡҲ֪ȡ
۶ħտ깤Һһ´ﵽµĸ߶ȣЩط˸룬ϰ嶼ûҪҵչһĴȥ
һʼ˵ʱ򶼲ţȷϢʵһŴͣ
ý׷ûǮõĹ档
ǰ˶ƳĲƷڱѾй˾ȫ⡪ٱΪҵ񿪵۶ħȫ⣬ǺʵģԴҿʼ׷ǵĲƷ
һ¸ڵĹ˻˹ȺˮƽȻߣҲˣҲѵǵĲƷ
Щ˼ԽԽԣǹ˾죬ЩҲʼǵĸ߶Ƥ߲Ʒǵĸ߶˲ƷΪ
һںܶ˿ʼעظ߼ѣʱͻ߳ȥ磬Ҳ߽вϢջᵽȥɢġ
ʱѵ׼ǰаغͲݵˡ
ռҲԼ˸ʱ䣬̻ش󾮳ǡ
ص󾮳һмСֲסˣоպڵĲ
ôۺĵλڵĿҲҪԱ±ơ
ܲңպͺ£һʧҵˡ
ýռʼδǣҵˣȥϰ࣬Щʧҵ˵֪ǻ׷ûй԰š
ϧȣڱҵͣʡڶʱˣ˵ְܶλҲʺǣܻЩṩλ
ҵģƵģﲻ˾ǰﲻˣֱֻӸ˵
⵹һЩõ˵ǰǰʧҵ˶ɣֲˣֻ˵ҲǺģΪԼ档
ǾˣҵĨˣһЩĻ
պǲģЩԽռϢȻͻӴȰԼ¹黹ġ
ģ˵Ҳֻܴ㹤գҪαٳQ϶ҲĨǡ
ЩԷռ̫ˣԽôһֱŬǣйȿˣҪ˵ô
ٲʵͣùǣο˵󲿷˻ġ
˵Ҳ̫˺ˡ
Ժ󻹰𣿡Ц
ռʧȥǣ󲿷˻ǿ԰ģЩôľ˰ɡ
ʵҵû̬Ͳ᲻ˡ
ʲô̬
ǲҪҪȥˣȻԼԼͬʱܹﵽˣǾȫ顣
ţǾܰͰһ£ϾҲףû뵽еô
ռһƣ˲ù״ԼѵʱϣԼܹﵽˡ
Ҿ㶼òҵģֻҪԼͿ϶ˣ˾ԽãܰԽ˽⣬˾չˣҲζҪԽԽ˲ţвͰˣȻŰˣһʱҲﲻһ
ռҲúеôһһ¾泩ˣ˵öԣȷʵӦûһ̬ԼˣȻȻܰҪˣЩͲôˣҲǲġ
ǣԼȥɣȥЩ߰ˡοľռһͨһȰͶ˼ٹתˣʱ˻١
þû棬ȥϵʱҲһȥûĦгһСа͡
ϵ˱ǰ࣬Ѿӿһ˰೵
·ǽܣǱʱûȥãϱ仯ɴˡ
Щ仯ռʵ
ȥǾ֪ˡ˹ӣϲԾе㽾øлǣлǹ˾
ռһˣ˼ũǸǺֳڿܶʼ¸ˣԲŻ仯ܴ೵һࡣ
ɨһȦģǰһֻһ೵ϡϡˡ
˶ϵò˺ڴ
˵طһȻǰȫһˣطȻһ£һʱũò
ҼһӶˣʩҲǰúܶ࣬ÿ˼ĵط滮ͳһ͹
سָ򵽳֮⣬ȫιͲǮҶˡ
ҸŮƽʱסҲԼҷһ飬żʱ棬ټũǿҲѡҾС
ýռڼţ˵ȥǿˣÿһ߶ء
һһȵӿдǱص쵼Ҽϡ
Ҫʲôռ֣ô̡
ɵ׼һҹҪǧлˡЦ˵һֱǡ
ռ֪ǸʲôΣ̫˰ɣҲûҪģҲǣҲǵҪлҲлͺˣҹ滮ġ
ûϵͼɡȷʵͦõģҪá
ţͷȥĵطǲǶôá
С
ûһũȫңԺӡ
˵ΪҽܣһֱҪϰλն³ǽܾ
ЩũƽʱֻԼ˵ʱ򳳳ʲôѹûУÿҪϰǼǺõлˣһȴˡ
Խռ˶ֱ̫ӣҲ̫ȻǻƵġ
ǽȿڶǵлллһֱ˾˺ܣǸղſˣÿÿֳ滮úܺãˡ
Ÿҿڣ࣬лϰ壬ǰǣǹ˺
һЦǲ˵ҪǼϰ壬Ҫθл𣿵ʱ˵ôô˵ˣ
һȺֻ֪ɵЦ֪ش
ռܲƣϽΪ˼ңһһ߸˵˵ͺˣôʽҲɢɢĶѣ鹤ġ
ŸģЩûʲôѡʲô֮⣬ռȥԼаĵء
ǹʱѿص½һλھӣȥʱǸھҲȥˣһ·ǽǳаĵرúܺãǰҪá
˵طһȻݵرøɸɾģܱߵĲľ޼롣
ڽռϲȻһ˵޵Щˣܿ˼Һġ
ǿǰ˸磬ԶܿˮζҲûӲݣ֪ܲҪʲôڼЩݲݡ
ЩСסȦҲ޹úܺãȥˬɾȶ԰ûϸ¡
ǻôռʵ΢ŵͺˣ̫ллˡ
ûϵҲûپλھ˵ڴģǼ˭ҪŪһ¶ԾŪµġ
ǰҶͲðطŪС԰أ͵ֻˮƽޣֻˡ
ھ˵ǵģ˵رϲԴҶ⡣
лˡҲʾл
˵ͲݵһȦվҰõλã˷
ǰЩũڶ͵ĲݣǳаĲݵغҵĲݵأ峺СǶţȥˡ
ũǹ滮úܺõֳȦͷ˵ķӣغһƬһĻá
ǿһȦھʶȤȻؼˣ½ռ
̫ˣԺ˾ɢġռ
ãĩﳵҲ졣ͷʾͬ
ǻ𣿡
᲻ðĲᣬЦǾͲˣԼá
ҿû˵˵ġ
˵ģ᲻áŵʵǵĵطҲԣﱻŪôã΢ﻮһ¾ͿԿˡ
ǰó￴Ķ԰⣬Գũҷһס޾ͺˡ
ǮǱˣǲǮˣ
£Ǯʱ򣿡
˵ҲԣȻԼ滮еһ֣ҪǵĲƷ߳ʡȫ߶˵Ƥ߲ƷҪ磬ξԼɡ
ҲǣǿԴͷȻ㿴Ҳûõȥ
ôͷԼǽô
Ǵɡ


96 ռҽ
ô˴أҵô, ڽ˵Ѿ˵Ƿǳ򵥵顣
ˮѾֻкػпյؿá
ΪֵصɫصϽ, ԼҪʽһջ
ջΧһ¥, שľṹмһԺ泯ݵغҰѡ
漸䷿ӵͷ¥ˮӰ, Ժﲼ𾰹ۺʩ
ŰҸũ֣ʳĶѡԵصɫ߼ţ򣬻㡣
Ҳ¸ɷдĹ, ṩ˵֡
ũҵȦͷϷ߹ۿʯ·, һЩۣ˹۹⡣
˼й԰Ҳ˸죬ṩοͲժ顣
Щ˼˿ջũ, 㿪ʼרЩƬԼҵĽֱһơ
ǵĹ˾, ǰСѾ˾һĴڣ˻Ļɴ⣬Ҳкܶ˾ա
һֱ٣ҲͲҪȥĵط, ˵ҲҪٿˣҪĿֻ֪ǿôһҵ
ȥ羰ȥιʽũ, ܶ˶Ȥ
ǿջĽӴǳޣֻ˰ʱ䣬ԤȥѾ˰¡
ЧҲҪˣСط˵һˣ濿˿ڿഫѾ㹻
ܶûԤһҲȲȥ棬ڰ೵㣬ûסǾ͵ȥء
ȥԽԽ࣬ũҲʼԼũ֣ڳ䷿ͷٶũҲˣſһӣʼӴοӪҵ
ܿͳ˴󾮳ǵ˿ʱֵĵطǵĿջݵοͱȥĴ򿨵㡣
ռ編ƣȫкũ壬ϵصɫҲ˿ջЩʧҵƸԱȥջԱ
µĽ裬ֽ˴ʧҵԱεͷչ
ԭֻģʽܲǻصʡǣעӹ˾ȫʡΧڶι۹ҵ
ҵչԽԽԭܲĺԺѾˣ˾ܲҲʡõд¥Ϊʡ½߶д¥פҵ
˰ĺԺװޣܰƯʺϾסʱҲסϼ졣
ͬʱҲʱѴ󾮳ǵĴԺװ޺ã̫࣬һֳƷչһʱԼסѾۻĳ
󾮳ֻżʡǵĺԺҲֻʺżסһסǰС׼Щ򵥣ǻʡһ
˳˴󾮳ǳ棬һסϱ˼ҡ
ĿǰΪֹǹ˾Ѿӵҵ񣬷Ϊӹ˾ʳƷ˾Ƥ߹˾ι˾ԱҲչ˼ˡ
ڽռʲѾԶԶǸϰ壬ϰҲ֪̫ҲʱˣҲȥÿ쿪ɣɳҫ鷳
ææµµܳʱ䣬ܿʱ
ռڴ󾮳ûʲôݺͼˣס±ʡꡣ
չͻȻӵĵ绰˵Һܾû棬Źò̫æȥͣռʡǸϻȥ
ȻѾʶܳʱ䣬˴֮ҲϤǻûȥңǵһΡ
˵Ҳŷ֣Ҳ·ͬǹʱŰ·ӵġ
Ȼƽʱʡǹ˾ܲϰ࣬ﻹиĸڣѡڴ󾮳ǰҡ
·һС¥԰ԺӣرƯ
ͷͣšѡٻҲҪ룬żҲ˴ӣҲڴ󾮳˺ܿ·ӣǴ󾮳ǱȽ¸һˡ
ռԼҶûϿ𣬹;˼ʱ䡣
ЩõǰҲ׷ȥͣʱޣֻܣȻҪµġ
ȥʡϰǰʱ仹̫ţǾٴ졣
͵һҪţбŵռҳֵġرַպЪ˹Ժ𣬲Ҳ
պƽҪСܶ࣬ʱʱһ仰Ȼ󳤳̾
λǶû̫⣬ҲûռʲôµĶҪôǶﻹסһˡ
ռռҡҡͷǽȥɣùǡ
á
˽ҰŹϣˡ
û뵽ûһȴţһǸһնھӴ塣
Ǹλ岻̫죬ǰýš
ſڵĳҾ֪ǻˡ߽ţЦ
ռ£˱ˮ
ջģˮתȦʲôҪ˵ôڡ
ˣʲô𣿡ֱ
ûʲô£˵˵ʱ仹磬ǰɣ
ţͦõģ⡣ռЦЦҲⶭôû£ʲôҪ˵ӡ
ͷЦЦ˿ˮѱӷֶԥԥģҪ˵ĻƵġ
ǿ
һ̵̽ռ򣺡Сλûȥ谡
ûУǸѾˡռ򵭵
ŶǸոڳ˰ɣ
ţˡռͷ
εЦռʵڲ֪ⶭ˵ʲôֱֻ壬ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ٺ٣ûʲôģ죬̫ԡ
ռͽ˶һۣеԱ˵ǵȻǲϲģҲֱ˵
ûϵģ˵˵
仰ĻϻӾʹˣ˺ܶ࣬ǻ岻ȥ
İԣǲŵ֪ռЩʲô顣
պƽҩԽԽѾǿǶ㲻ĵز
ǰµĻַȥܹˣ˵һҹ֮һס
ѩϼ˪պʧҵҲһֱҲ·֡
֮ǰһֱպƢǶǼҵҩӺĺԺͼҩӲˣպҲʧҵ룬ûټװӣֱӰպ˦ˡ
պƽҩΪг仯вԭִ̼ܵʱ⣬ܶϹ˿ͣڶҩˡ
ַǰرܱQȴҲǰ˵ҲҵõҲѾ
һرͳܡ
ַպռռŸ
պ쵱ȻɣǰôռҲҪװƤ
ҲԼһЩ뷨պƽˣҩĳĶ
뷨һ⵽ڵķԡ
ʧַܵرģҪҩҲҪڵֻǶû취ˡ
պƽԵøӼң˵ҪպҶҩӣ
պ춯ҩӣ˵ҪĺԺҩӵԸպƽšĺԺõǮͿȥ顣
ȻҲ⵽ڵķԣĺԺסĶȥ
պĸĹϵԽԽʱ򼸺һ춼ڳܡ
彲ֶռǵղҲڳЩأ˵Ҫҳߡ
ռʵڲˣ壬ǵ鲻ǵ£ҲȤٽˡ
Ŷðɣû뵽ռӦЩ⣬һΪҵôҲˣῼǰǡ
ǸѾûϵˣ˭ҲԼ顣ռЩ䣬Ǿר˵Щ𣿡
ǣҲû飬Ǹ˵һεҿǰôˣΪǲ֪﷢飬û뵽ǻе㡭ǳ𣬺ٺ١
Ҳǳȥ𣿡ռʵ
䵽ѶŵòһϽͣҲǸ˼ҲǺġ
У֪ˣлĺġռֱӴĻ
ռ̫ˣ˸ûҪһʶ
Ҳסˣƨ񱻴Цվˣʱ䵽
ߡ
ͳţŻռù˿ϲԶѡ
ռţֵܻãΪǻҪлɡ
ϧ̣϶û뵽ں˸ˣ˵ôҲͬ顣
ҲǱ˸ˣҪˣҶǳˣ˷Ѻġ
ô˵ѪԵ˵Ҳйϸģһ㲻ں𣿡ڷֵе˵ĸо
ںռҲϣ˲ãϣǺΪ֮ɣǲܰǵġ
ֻҪûиͺá
ģ㲻ҲûպҲ̫ˣȻҪҶĸŮǰܼҵġ
ҳ˺á
˵ˣû˼
ڶ壬̲סռԣ˵պһҳˣҪȥʡҹ


97 
صʡ, հһĹźãž͵˽ڡ
һĴֽͷ濯˽ڵݣںܶطʼռա
˵ʵʱ⻹ͦձ, ٱصö࣬΢һܵܶ׷, ο˽ֹ־ͺõĽա
󾮳СطôԣʡǵĽշΧҪŨҺ̼ܶ࣬ҶҪǰһЩ
ǹ˾ĲƷҲһЩƹ㣬Ƥ߹˾ĲƷ, ˸ƳһЩ¿ʽ
ǹ˾һģĽջƷٴδһЩ, ΪµһʡгĿ̵, û
ʱЩռҲòָӣһЩ顣˷ֹռʳƷ˾Ƥ߲Ʒ
ռҪѵ, ʳƷ˾ҵΪϤҴⶼȥ, ԼֻɸѡͽȸڵҲѾࡣ
Ƥ߲ƷҪɵö࣬Ϊ˾λʦˮƽǶ, ͺãȫġ
֮ԾԼƤ߲ƷĻƤ߹˾ҵϤ, ΪҪܾõĻ𳵵AʡΪ˷㰲ŹҪAʡͣ죬ռֻڹ˾ܲ칫ɡ
Ƥ߳Ǹ誺򳬿˸Сᣬ˴ŷʱҪʣµ㽻λʦ
ŻƱֱħ
˷ɻûȥ˾ħİ´ֱȥһҵǣ߽һרĵꡣ
һ۾Ӵ³ͣһ³ǰϸ鳵
Ϊ˾ԽԽʱҪһЩҪһֱһĦҲǸ£һųų棬Ԥһʹļ۸׷ˣҲǱҪġ
ǰʱռռҲʾͬ⣬Ϊ˸ϲԤģѡ˽ǰᳵ
ʱõǽڵģҲﶼ򵽣ֻħԤᳵʱԱȽбϡ
Ϊ˹㣬ǴǰҲħ˷ȥͣã˻ƱƤ߳ǡ

ԽԽ˾ټҪ˿ᣬʵȺ͸ӹ˾ŵĻ
ӪҪǰ쿪ʼһʼɶ³ָܾӣ˶ӣ׼úܳ֡
ᣬռԴҵķ⣬ҲĽлȥ졣
°ؼҺ󣬽ռ鶼źˣҲȥˡ
滹кܶأռڸûϵˣǵĽվǷ˹ڡ
ĽȥɣǰôӣʲôԶţΪ˽ջ˳ڴʲô׼ú֣֤ܳ顣
ȷʵãǲҲö𣿡
ãָи˶һ飬κġûû㣬Ҳ׼ԼĽգΪ׼˺ܳʱ䡣
ʲôʱ׼˺ܳʱ䣿ռһú棬һֱæ׼Щʲôô֪أ
ҶźˣҰžͺˡ
ˣռȻҲ˽ڣֻ֮ǰĶҵûԼҲҪڣôһ˵ҲЩҡˣ֪͵͵׼ʲô
ǹ˾ô飬û𣿡
û£Һˡ
Ǻðɡ

յ죬ռص󾮳ǣһţռͷּȫ
ԺӱõúƯ˸ƯʻɫмڷһųһȦӣͲϰʵĸɹˮ̨ơ
ôʲôʱЩռ治ѣһֱæ˾飬һֱȫ֪
ÿ𣿡ʵϲϲ
ÿռߵǰڷŵĶе࣬ŪôԵĺȵģĳԵꣿ
ء䣬ţ㿴ˣȥš
𣿡ռʵ
ű򿪣߽ţһ߲˺ʵ⡣
ʦռ̽ͷ󿴣ûǣһ𣿡
ôһ˲ſЦҽóԵģ㻹ӭأ
ȻӭˣΪҲռЦ˵
ʦˡӹϵͲˣֱൽ
ռԽҶôæ㻹ʦҲˣ鷳˼ҰԼͺ
űе㱳ƫƫСʱԽСվſھ˵ʲôˣЦѽ鷳ʲôΪٷҿ׼˰أһͣרѧġ
ռǰʦոߣֻ鷳ˣԺúһ³գԡ
ռӳԾȻרȥѧ˰µĳʽ㻹Щʲô
İɣûʲô¡Ц
ˣｻҰɡǻڳæŸ˳
ûӣٴα졣ѡٻȫˡ
ÿ϶Цòãһվͱеϲ˹ڵķΧ
ٻռ˵Цƽʱռǵ˾ңһҹæþûô۹ˡ
Ѻû˺ӻӿᵽԺڷڳԱߡ
ǻһ̨¼Żһ̨VCD¼Ż֣VCDڵӻԱߣϵ磬ȻӺߡ
ռҲûʲôˣ֪ǽǰ׼ģڣҿľͺá
ܿžһӲˣǱ׼ͣרʡǵǼƵѧġ
ÿǽǹ˾ʳƷзܼ࣬ȻҪǸСͷǾƵĴλ̫
Ϧ£ϵϼѤʣԺǰúõĵƹ򣬽ʵʻӳĵĸѤá
ΧΧﵹ˺ƣůڶԣڴˣ
ռûֽûһԣӦʱֻ֪ﱧһʻ߹
ǰϥ£ʻٵǰ
ڳǿʼƣռҲʶôˣվ
ռȻѾ鼸ˣǰûΪһʽһ˺ܶ꣬»Ժ󲻹پʲôҶػߣκ˺ԼļҲվĵطõѵ棬֣飬Ըټ޸һ𣿡
ռͨ죬Ȼܼ򵥣˲ݲݵĻ⣬ûκʽҲûʲôź
Ͼʱܶ˽ǰҲ飬ڻü򵥵¡ص㶼ûϵ
ڵŴҵ棬ͻȻ¸飬ܸжҲЩߣϽѻ˹ȥ˼ϽɣѾˣʲô
Ѿ߹Ʊ߻ˣռӦ
һ壬ռ˼ˣһϵؿԼȥԸ⣬ɡ
ûԼַǣסֻϷƵģ֪óһСӣȡһö䣬ָϡ
һ£§˹ӵһ
ʻĴ䣬ռûס۾Щʪ
ߵ˵лл㣬Ϊ㣬ǲ˽졣
ллռӣҲΪ㡣
ţΪǡ
СȴμѵĻԷĻ
ҲվƻҪһ
˫ַռļ򣬵ͷһ££ϵĻһԣˣԷɡ
ռߴģڴֺ£΢΢ͷҸЦȴҲǲס
˵λðһα飬Ϊ붼û
ǰΧ˽鶼ûЩȥʡ˵Ҳû룬ֻôͦġ
Ѿˣû뵽컹飬һֱжġҸЩߣȫн֯һ
ƱлǣףҸ
ռ۾ʪˣ˶ûֻ֣нžӨĹ⣬ֽͷЦЦ
ѷ¾ƱߵӻԣԴҵĿûأʼ
VCD򿪣ȥһŵ򿪵ӻ²żʼˣ˰
ֻ棬Ǽǰ¼õģÿ˼ףҸĻ
˼ѣй˾Աֹ˾Ĳ¼ܲÿ˶ھͷףǡ
Ųȥռ§һ𿴣ռԴϡ
ʽ󣬴ҲſʼԷ˵Цķǳġ
Ż˲ͺ㣬Թ󼸸ѾͶȥˣֻŻûߡ
ռѼ͵⣬ִֻӳЩԵġ
һ׼˵Сԣ¾ζӦûԽռҲȥˣˡ
ллʦˡٴΰ͵ſڣ»صԺ
ʦܵ׼ҹ
ǰôáռ򸽺͵
ѾȻ߹ԺżůĴ磬
СԺʺ¾ƣռӣ˱߳Ա죬æҵæôã⻹ǵһβȥʱ䡣
ʱߵÿ컹ֹͣǰǶںֻʱ̡
һռлл㰡ô׼ա
㿪𣿡
š
ϲͺã벻Ҫľϲѽ
ʲôľϲûȥϰˡ
ȥϰ˵ɣڻûءڻͷһĲЩˣǽݰɡ
ռһֻϢŪůůģӲʰ𣿡
ʰˡͻȻ˱ߡռ§ĲӣЩӿ졣
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