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ף
мβõ֡
ܲҡ
ܿգ롣

*
С糡
ĳգ꣬ڴСŴŴغ
ȴ˰Сɡ
㶵ؿǰֹһֽɡĵٿԼСɡ̲סŽ𶹶
ŵĪĻ¶ǣС׷ȥ
ܸıʵǾͽʵQAQ

ݱǩ  Խʱ 

ؼ֣ǣ񣨳̴ǣ  ǣרè44졷ǡղ~  

һ仰飺Ǹɱ֣ʧ

⣺ںڰȴҵֻкڰӵů߳澳

1 

ڶвһСΪɽɽһɽԻɽСɽտɽԷɽҩĺͷḻɽһһˡ
ʱֵʱһŮӱһװҩĵĴ¨·߽һΪáСҽݡ
ƹܹˣҩˣСƿɴŮӣһߺһ
е˱ӹ̨Ƴæӹı¨ͷһƣ٣ݺɽǣ֮⣬»֥ϣ
ݳڲɽͷڶ࣬·裬˸̽ɽоҩũҲظ˵ȥһܻⲻرصĻѪҩģ˽
ܹˣȱýϴÿձԹҶĥϡС˵ţֳͷ˼ƹ
ˡ
ƹسݺɽǣ֥ʱӴһСĵͷϸϸضһ
ôɡɴһǰɽ￳ʱżȻģƷ໹һþľϣһѵġ
úúáƹ˵ã۾⿴ܹǿ˵˵ģԺ󰡣ҩĻļ۸Ҳ֪ʮ綼ûҹ
ЦеʮӣСžţ˵ˣͷİҲ͵͵ش̽ϢҪ˵ܹĲڣҩĶƷһЩҩũԸյĽǺҲˣ㲻ȥ
С˵ϵӣ֥϶ѹˣЩνߵﶼǾˣѹҲѹѵȥһһɣ
οΪҽߣǮ֮͹ԾͲ⡣
ƹ񣬻Ҫͷȼζҩġݹȥһֽ
ɽҩ࣬ڱͼ֮صҩȴûеģɽҪԭȱ˼ζҩ
ʮǰ˴Խһո߿꼴ĻŮһ㶳«έӤ
סڲɽϵʦȥһȴӲҪװɷͷӡ
ʦһҲС˵ˣǷ˾޿ܵɽծģܲɽмįŶôһ㼸ûе֮ģ˻
˵ʵȻŵûģСôҲһһιˣ֣ѧϰҽԵȥʱġ
ΨһϵˣҶսݰܣһgSһңʦȥɽֻʣһˡ
Ӽóı¨Ѿһ롣ɫĵҪץʱɰˣɽ·Ͳˡ
ҪĶͦģΪɽ·ֳ᫣ҩĲˣ׸׳涼мˣѾɽˮĵزҲҪ¸²Żɽ
ӵС̯ӹ˼ֵҹ˹ˣԱߵСȲֽ˸͡
±ϣֹɴֵش˸ãµ߳ӡ
һĻԽ־¥ϽüĿӿУüëһȤ
һԲͯҲյڣţӣʲôȤѽ
ԪԲСһۣʲô
ŶŶŶӡ죬ЩԼ졣
ôһ˸ղŵ¡
һˣǰү㣬Χ̽𣿡Ԫ򫿴ŷϢֵİʵ
쳣ֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻǰʥڽʧʮ꣬ϢͻȻ֣ūֻթ
㶼֪ѵү֪𣿡ԪŲ豭Ե˼ȴ˲ݷүĲǸùܵ¡
ǡ

˶һĶӺ˼棬ЩͺʹףָͷżǺλ㹻࣬Ͳˡ
·ľ̵ʱͣһ£ջ𷿵Сƺ˰ȣбۣͷ˲һͼͭ壬¶ʲôġ
ľֶ̳˸ҧСʡ
ɫŪŪ˿ɽ·ŵϣڱôණһɽſ϶Ҫڻؼˡ
ϵأ˺þõɽ·ֱӣŻص˼ҡ
ָմԺӵդͼһźӰ˹
ƣ
ǻӦ
㣬𿪡ԽԽͣɹ˿ûԼһֻϹԾʹզأ˭ǸСɰ
ײؿۣ֣ؿƿͷҲصӡ
µĴԭ㶣漴һ˦ͷͷֻҡβͱ
Ϻ࣬׼ӰףǽģҰףɽϳźܶ࣬ƴһƴʡԣ¾Ͳɽˡ
๾๾ðݣż϶Ʒϳʣ⣬ĳԵӵĹӣװŷٵŵԺ
ԺӣһһѵСӹ̵٣͵ĵƹԵʮ˳ɰ
ɲôãɨȦֻҩҪֻ죬գϿһ¡
ƹ˼תԵʮĪø顣
صջ𷿣յøոպãҲ񡣴̲˸һ̲ˣԣʮֵ㡣
ϣڴϣ̾һֹȥˡ
δ𡣡
δ𣬵δ𡣡
ҹѣһףԺ˸Ŵˡ
ԽԽԾˢۣ𣬵˵ƶһＸȫʪ͸͸ġ
˵ôŲͷԭ´꣬Сꡣ
̾һؽ©괦ݾûǰסʱ䣬ʦҲסʮˣʦͽڿˣûɹݣǼֲȥˡ
ݶ
ôޣһé
һЩ󣬽硣

ҹϸܵĴżףĴɽʯϣ˵һ˫ɫĳѥϡ
ֵСԵüžˣջǰŵյ紵þҡΣƻ
ڰĺ˽ŲһдݵĳʣӰӹֻԭѿһˡ
лҪ˵Ԥաǡè44졷ȤСɰԴרİ~
ǡİ
ò˫ķĸѵ۰˳˳ˮϧⶼģֻǸλǡ
Ů褣ûһǰ岡ò龩һϧСŮˡ
أ谮ᣬóµδһ֮ҹˡ
ԲҪøӣлڳ࣬ȻƭǸһֱȴΪѰҩ˳ɽԭϵĵƦ
Ȳǻ쵰
GȵȣǸҪɫûɫèԼܵ˭
ɱ籾ĴСX èӲĶ
С糡
ĳգƦСɩȥǰδ
ддĺŭˣܣ·̲סۻ˼ɫ磬߱߱Թô󣬵ʱָÿˣûôأ
Ķָϣ
ࣨع
һݣԼҲ֪

è44졷İ
һԸܹ˱èᶾ㡱Ĺ¡

2 

һҹʹŹǷ˴
һѾＱˣ˼·Ȧľڹӵʳʳ
СϣӿŹɫЩſգҪʲôأ
ʲôҺٷڣҲŹͻȻȻջ𷿶ѷĽ﷭Ѱ
ƴƬ⣬ҼǵĳͷȥǷġ
ॺһڲѺҵŵصĳͷ
ݲϴһʣµ࣬θȲǣŴƽɽ֡
峿ɽеˮ㣬Ǵһµܳʪһȥӡһӡ
ŲɵСһ÷ïĵطᲦһĸҶһ۵Сð˳
أ
촽ʮֺáƺذѹͷ̽ײĳͷ
ƣ߶ȥԼȥͷճָԴһ۵Сǰ˻ΣָָͷȥǱ߸ңƬ跹
˼ؽһһ̶ûӰӡ
һƬðһϳܶ࣬ϸңܿ죬Ͱװˡ֣гɾ͸еصͷȻͷʼơ
ɽ˺һҲûŴƣڹаǰƣЩС࣬Ķȥˡ
Ѱȥ
û߶ã·ƾԼܻˡ̧ߣߣĴԴȴĺڲϡ
еַһ䣬ùڲüͷ΢壬鲼Ǳ쳶ġ
ҧƲ
ָһĨɫĺۼָϡ
Ѫδȫ̡
ģ

ڴƵĴ£ܿҵǸʯ߲֪ǻˡ
˴һա
ſձܣȻȻߵһ֡
ף
ָᴥǷʲôص£ջ֣鷢Ƭ̣ȷһ飬ٴδ
ȤȤ
ôصĶûܰ
˼֮ʱϵ͵ؿȳһѪϺɫѪ˳ˮѣû
ȵȣ𡭡ѽ
ԽԽ˼ɿӻͳһСƿɾιһҩ
΢ƽȣִԼϵ˿ڣ˽˲¼ʮϵ˿ֻķδдᴩ˱Ƚϼ֡
ѪʱֹסˣǡԱ߻βĴƣתͷ˿꣬Ϊա
Ҳǲ֪£һҹ£ģǱ׷ɱ˴ǿǸ鷳
üͷ˻ͣ̾һ˵ƵĶͷ׶񣬡֪£
ôȶˣˣǻ˷ǰҩأ
ؽϵϣסϰ뱳˴˳ȥ
·ϣôҲѹסҪиˣ
ɽʮ꣬ʦʱ˵죬ҲûʲôԴǰʦȥÿŹŲľ棬˭еį
ƽＫ£ǽ죬˺ʦһģһľٶ
߿һݵţ˷ŵϺæȥˮҩ
żӼѵʱЩɬģϾôǵһμԵ塣صĹᴩ˺ڵĶʵݲ롣
ΪҪߣѼõ͵ƶˣյõġ
Ů毺õڵƹԵʮ̴ͣԺֻۣûн࣬ԴޱȴʹԼһ°ְͣס˯ȥ
˿ûע⵽˵ķӦɴǰ˸ƯĽᡣ
޲ˮ˼飬ȥϵۺѪˮˡ
ͷŴ꿡٣ЩҲôÿȱұϣֲЩϧ
֫İ̺ۣҲʮˡ
ȸιҩһкžöЩ
մƸⶮ£ûҽ˵ʱֻӣͷ͸
극֣µ˻ֻǻصʱϻһصķźĴ󵶡
룬˿鲼ʵʵعס˵Ȼ˰ӣ˾ţ֮˱ڳϡ
µӣ֣Ƕȣ˭ܿ
˺أμʱôסˣڵĶȴ֣֣ңȴڴﵽһ΢ƽ⣬Ҫ
ҹ˸գ˼·ȥæǰæιҩֱ˴ӣϣʵʵñǣȷ˺ӦûһЩá
Щ׵˱ҽ
žһžડһеҽ黬䵽ϣ۾̽Ķͷ
ܵ¶ȣһǰˡ
Ѽ⣬ȼһ޵򣬴ŹǷ򿪷š
һͼƷǳ׼ʱضſڣڵ̶С۾ɻ󣬺˵Ӳѽ
Դʹȥջ𷿿ʼµһ졣
ԺһСݣŸҩĺҽ飬ǰʦͽʱĵضСʵҡΪͨϰҽҩҩԼҩСС
ƹľʵҩܣڴߵĹǰͣ½ŲȼֻľöҩķӦֻ״̬ܺãԱߵֵܿȥͱȽϵùˣήңʳＸû
¼߶һҳǵ״̬¼
ʳͲٹˡֱŵܣ͵Ʒһԣʼ
ǸȽϹŹ֣óȻ֣һڶؼƽ״̬ˣһһֶռϷ磬ǰ׾ˡ
ôչȥҲУҳ̶ҲⶾжԵһʳ壬ҪͿա
ָһأ
ҵˣ
첽ӣѡľϣһҳҳ
ܿһ͹ȥˡ
ĲˣҲûȥһʳشСﰵԵġ
¯ﵹݺõҩϲ𣬾ȥˡڵĴϱгƬʮ˽ԼٶȣһƬһƬϸУƬǺ񱡲
ҲɥСһջææµµһ緹ˡ
극ϵҩҲðˣڵ¶ȣȡ
ߵȰ˹űӷͷţȻ죬һһ׹ȥ
ιҩߴ˿ѽιһʶһڣ񲻹ܸʲôȫ̽һ
Ҳ±ιҩһ֡
ֻҪһжð졣
Ӳ˲ǣ£ñǺ˴ʶüëȻﻹ࣬ҪˣȾͿԳˣ㻻ҩ
Ȼ֪ϰ
춼ûԷӿ϶ˣһҪ
ߵнԶ


3 

̴˯úܲȣﵶѪӰǽϡ϶Ѫ˵ļӵ·һ硣
ճѪĴ󵶣ѵһ˦غˣңңңһҲġ
˻ʣ޴رͷұۿģôҲ̧ؿԼȾѪΨһ֣ԽԽСʱģ
㶣һתתƣһɫʶȥеһУ˴ɫ
ָûСɴ˿ڴ۲һ˽ۣȻҩɴŲţȻеһ˿Ծ
ͷһתͶһ˫۾
㣬ֱ󷢾ԼĶ̫װµ¡
ңңҾ㣡Ŵǰķ˿˵Щİ͡
ϵû˵ֻ۾

ľˣڡˡĸصǿһ¡
ûӦ
ڿԽԽεʱ򣬴ϵڶˣ׼ȷ˵ƤӶˡ
˭ҡ˭˻ƴ£һһ˵Եúܳ
ûôشǰ⣬ֱĸЩΣʲôǳմˣʧˣ
תϵɴ˶ݵ˼ͷϵ˿ڿƺˣǿĵĶˣ˾ײԻѪ񾭱ѹȣʧ䵹Ҳǲܡ
㡭ǵԼˣסĶ𣿡Сʡ
ϵҡҡͷ
۾һϲʧ䣿ʧð
ԽԽʹӣһļ򰲸벻ȱˣúõ𣿰񡭡
࣬ϵ˹˺þòŶһ£ͷԼĶ֫ɫʹдһ˿ãȻ
ѽҺ˵ʱͦΣģҿȫѪʡµǿʯԱߡ°˵һͨŷְͷһҲû
ʣȱұһ٣ȴû˵ڡ
ĬƬ̣վӣȳţȥҩû
Ŵϣ˶Ե֣бһ࣬û̧
ؿ룬Ƭ̺ĬĬعȥࡣ
ŷƲߣ֪ôоƵġ
ŲſڽʧĽëֱ壬ǳɫĴʡ
񡭡ֽа𡭡
˿һתµ߶ˡʦǰûյ·û뵽Ч¿Уۡ
Щϰߣ·Ǵ׵ģЩִٵس˳ڣܾ·̫ˡ
ǰӦҲᴩɫ·գ롣
Ƭ⣡Цеذһ˶˵ݵķϣڵϵ˻һ뷹ȻӽűߴƵ°ͣѽƣͷģ
ϵЦݣͶ˶ջ˵ڣܹҲһֱ׳ҵķ
ô⣬˵˽Ұġһ٣ֱԵЩġ
գɫЩżſڣ
ûסͰӸ
ʱסˣ̾һ΢ƣ̧ͷտգĵ㻹˶飬뿪ҲգұͲָ㱨߾߰ɡ
˵꣬Բ͵͵ɫ
ȻһվңҲ˼ֻǡֻһзϣʲôأֻ˼ˡ
ֻʲôѽ߻ϣ룬ֻҪЩҪżߣû˼Ҫȥأ˵ȱˣˮιƣܹǹ㱨ġ
תѿĴƣֿ˿ǰõĹĬĬˡ
ôԣ˵Щ塣
ҡȥԡյڿлĽŲЩС
ûֻǺһﻹвˡ
㣬΢絴³֦ѿ䣬ϸૡһæͣ컹ûüιʳ
ʣµޣݲˣ˲ҪȥβˣȻСǾҪˡ
ȦںԺΪζȽŨرһζɽ緢һŨңôСӬྺԾʦͽһ¾λôݵŲԶĽ
ΪҪʵòģԺȦСɿмָһդһȦֳСȦÿȦʮʮֻӣɫͬ
ߵȦĸãұȦãԱѣҲеġ
ӿĿӣһļҲû׼ȷķŶڣʱص֡úõĸãһһѣһʮѣһʮֻСҲϳĸҲСãССãһһֻĸȻûݡ
Ѿ߿ʮʾ㡣
һ˳Բôӣżƻԭҵҵؿӡ
̺òݣСǶΧ˹ϰԵؼһǵĽ
װѽٳԵ㣬ôԽԽأԶ˿ҪɱŶһѩ˳ëʼΣƺѾڿë;ˡ
м꣬ûʲô⣬ֻвӶһȦ°ͣЩɻѵ⼸ʳ̫ˣ
ߵĽŲͻȻס۾һУԣԡ
תɿһȦȻڿĸȦǸСʱסˣ漴ŭա
Ƥɱİ
ôˣһڴˮϴµİһѸٶ·ʮ˹ֻһֻ첲ϵӻߣţճĭ
ɨСԺΧȷϷû˵Ϣ˷
Űװ׺СӲòرԵĸʲôˣ
˳ָķ򣬶һ˫ʪ޹С۾
ĬԱ߹˫ŭ۾ֿ˫޹С۾Сĵõмʲôأ
᣿˵᣿һſȦĴмǲդդβиһʼܲԵºرԵСƶķ֤ݣ
X鰡һֻһȺҪεİʹļףһȺȺٶ˫Ҳݵİ
ӰѪɣ
˺ƤƬ̣ҲȦļ簲ο䣬ֶڰ˻Ҳ̫ѹֻǻû䣬͸оű߶һë׵Ķ
ţͷһֻСùɵطϡ
ýűЩأ˳ְⲻ֪ĳơ
ðҰǰɣΣյ۾ҵɽĺãЩˣĥḩ̂ۿŰ񣬡һǰɣУͽˣԲٵ
һβˡݺݹСһۡ
УŭĽŲһͣ˦ͷԺιɵĺ£
񣺣
лҪ˵ֳ
ңõǡ


4 

ԺӵľߣһĥʯһѼ⵶һֻСñڿյľͰ
ϸһֻŵЬӣýֺסӵһˣؽɻϵúǰǧٱ顣
ӱȱֱȫ¶˳ɨϽ޳ѣһҪСģǧҪŪѡ
شһͰˮϴ˺üţŲסĥʯĽǣһСĥ˵
ĥĥţ۾ľͰһײЩ̡
㲻Ҫٶˣ£ܷӦõġƲۣҲҪԹҲΪ˴Һáģһչ˺ĺ󱲵ġ
ţ쳤ӣ˳˳ֻյľͰһ˹ģҲ˵Щʲô
ѺľͰڵϣҪ£һһġ
δ䣬ֻһûĶǺõĲӾѪҺٿǱ⵶ǵѪδմ
ǵͣ̾
šۿҪµֹСŹȥ
ƤҪµģë£ˡЦſȻҪƤü䡣
㶵ؿʶԼ񣬻Ҵۡ
Ƥ𣿡
ᡣԼ³çػش
ҽ㡣֮ǰΪϰ˺һӵиͷϣ֪ƤļҲõܴ
ʱԭûʦѧϰҽʱģֻ֪ŵһʦȴܿ˼ʦͽӽйܶ಻ͬʵ飬ĥһиͷϵַʵ֤иͷȷʵһЩϴĴһָЧֶΡ
Ƶ߶£ָƤϱȻһпڣ˳ȵȻת
ĲҩζƮʶ¶Ľֺϱء
ҪŪëƤתͷޱصͷǶȴú졣
ô׺߰͵Ц
һ¡˵
ٳû֣ͻȻ¶ĽţʱЩԼ
Ұ㡣˫ְӣʾµ
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ҵĽǸɾģϴ˺ü顣ͷЩӲ
ʵദһݣԸǰ¶Լƽʱĳ̬ǲôǰ飬ĵȴһֱиЩ˵ͨĶϰߣﶼǳªġ
Ըǰ¶̬ߺٸΪҪ̶ֻһֻ֡
ӦԼýȥЩʳɣ⣬Ǻɬɬģ˵
ԵóĬ
ϣ̾һóӲ˲Ľϵˮ
ûϵͻȻ㶯ԭûӦ
ƵȵĴһѹ͵һû뵽ȴΪһӴСϵڵϡ
ꡣһ𾪵Ĵ̲סЦ
ŵ죬ͣ㲻Ьѵ𣿡
䣡ܷӦ
Ǻȫⶼڽ״̬һͻᵯߡ
ӣЦؿٴеꡣ
Լ֮䣬ʮֳɫʱкܶ¼룬ǰðźĴ󵶣²֮ǰӦһ͡
Ժǿ书ҲһȴӲһԷ
һ͸оˣУر˵Ĳֱ֮ͬۡ
һֱȥɲУҪܶģÿζ˶ѽ
񡣡̧ͷֱ۾ᣬû㡣
һͷû˵
ȣΪĴҪ㣬ֺͽŶϣôиߵ͹֮أ
Ьڵűߣϰɣġ
˶ָ˳Ļ
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ġ
ﰡ˴ؿڣǵڻѩ
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ţͽҰɣҸţ
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5 

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6 

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7 

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8 

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īͳ߰һԣȻ˸ϸӺ󴩹Χסš
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ǳĺľϣס˷ɫ
ͷӱϼǺţȻóãֽϼֵ
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ɤӣǸˣѸ첲°ɡ˶٣Сѿõ
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գ˵ϰĿõ
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9 

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һõĿӡ
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ǿʦʧǵıӰ۾һתԽʣԽ֪


10 

һЩ⣬ͣڴߴ٣űߵĴ׷Լβ˻Ҳ˳С
⼸ˮ࣬ǰԺĲѳС磬մЩ¶飬ۣ̽ʮ
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˸𣬿Ѽӡ
ˣһЦȲȥˡ
С޽ڲɽİɽϣ滷֣һƬ֣һСϪϪ߳˽еóֺͽвֵĹ͹ľ
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ں󷽿һ·Ϸ룬ͷεģ֪ĵİк뷨
ȻʱҲ벻ûҲⳡս


11 

ּϪˮһһԱڳڴһƬӲݴӣϪߡ
񱾱ݲеЩήңϪ԰Ƴγε˷·һǿļΪ֮һ
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˵ʸ˵СĲ½ӵñӻ죬ۡ
һֱε״̬ԴԼˡ˼֮󣬾һֱ겻ᡣߵĹͺèз·ңԶ磬ƺʣǰһ⣬ܺqqģֻǵҫš
űǡһֻ󡣬˫ۺĵĸ˫һ̣޵ݡ
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лҪ˵ƣ˵õ˴Ψһʹأ

12 

ĳԱŵջʹƽһ䣬ļջ𷿵ľϴƣռݶǣСռǣм̨Ϊޣνˮˮè۰
СǰСè֣˵ֻ껨èǻ꣬ڴѾռ˸ơ֣ΪС
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ԼһһСĶ˰ԼģǰûỤȴҲԸ̧ͷԸͬʵĲһ
ΪԭŸеʧ

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˼ҷԼȴСо˼ΪԶһЩʱգ
޳֮ͽ
лҪ˵о仰ȡԸĪĺ棬ġ

13 

ɽذһĺΪӣĶǾλ
Ķǽ꣬ν꾩ʱά£꾩ïʢ¥֮䣬ڷٽֵ֮ϡзСۣǵЯʳ׷̤ʫƣͻ
ãµľʯʨһ⣬ݣĿŻִӧǹ۾˸Ƿ
ȻһӰ˹صؿһŵһñæҵذñӷٶһʱ亹񣬡¡
Ԫһһļ湫ºһЦ񣬸ȥͨһˡ
ǰԪز۹ȵµ·仨ݣžӳɽУɳ飬Ի˿ν˼
·ѾߺͷǱСֵģ롣
С㡪ԪһƣζһЦ
䳡ͼ̨ϺӳֿȭңԷ˫ֵʽ޻֮һɨȹ°ڣ˲ϢԷ̵ڵء
ãԪؽе֮
̨µҲ׷ֽкãԪ򫿴ˣһԾ̨μ̫ӵ¡
򫣬ֵܼαд񡣡ԪЦеطһؿ죬¹û㡣
ޣС
ֺαǫ飬;ӽͳ죬ǶĶһݣǰ;Բ
ΪϷ˳֮ҡ
ˣ滰˵ˣѺɾȥ鷿˵
ǵϵֵͬܣڷ꾩ֻһδӣټټŮ죬ΪԪ
鷿λԺԪضʱ۽ƳһƷɫɴǽǣʱǼ걦ž飬ɵ٩򫣬λСλˣʱף
ͣǽǵ֦΢һ
Ԫüͷһ壬ΪԣδŵҴɷӦԽҵΪȡ
֮ĸװŽλСǸסݣ鲻Ļõùҵ˵
⻰ֱԪһ㶣ŹЦֱ̾˰һ֪δ鰮֮£˴Բѣҡҡͷ겻֪㵽ʱɲҪڡ
Ԫ򫲻ÿɷ񣬲ûн˷ϡ
ߺһӰǽŲĵ߳һѾ߲
С㡭Ѿߵǵؿֹ
¡һӣһʲôûһЦֽԼɣЩûȥա
Ƿһˡ
鷿ڣԪؽڰϣһ֦ڶ
ݺԣκأĶׯڣպڣϵ˼ҪɺҶȥ֡Ԫ򫿴
Ԫһ٣Ҳ˵ˣҶΪ磬𣬹ɣ˵ǨܣɣǸֺѡ
ԪһҲ˳Ϊ̫ӡ˶Գָ֮ƣֻüǰƹܣ߻ˣ϶һƤҶûԲǲð졣
ԪһЦòð죬ÿҶıˣλô꣬ٲհѻɾǨˣ
ԪɲúҶõѡκνЩעɳһеĺùȥ֣ʤµĴ١
ˣϴǰȥ޻˻񣬾ˣ͵˵°ϡ
δͷҡײƭĵǲ١ԪͻȻʵ£֪ΪͻȻѰ
ԪҲɻ̫ҽԺϢ屧ҲȷȷʵʵһֱѰҰ£θ¡˵Ѳ⣬ϽľٶҲĥ͸Ϊ̫ӵҲദ
۾Ƭ̣һЦ֪㲻֪Ҳ֪˲֪αȥ̽ѰЩ
Ԫ򫵹ǺȻһ£һ£֮ǰһͻȥɽʱʱ칫߶˵⼸ҹ߽һֱڻ
Ԫؾ㵡
칫˵źʮˣǵһħƵ߽
еķţһӰԪ˶ʱĻ䣬ǳܴǳ·Ҫ˶ɵĴϰپʬλ޾¹ڳ󹬵Ĺһ뻯Ϊ棬г谮ҫһҷ䡣
ɮѾΪһƬ¹ɷ̫أµķɴںаһҹķ£쳹ʹ˽գʱƴĳǡ
Ƭ棬𹬵Ҳûһס˶˵³飬Źһ̻Ի͵Ŀտ롣
Ǹֻʣһλĸ׵ܣȻǱ˾ˣĪҪἰˣֹסɡ
Ԫλȥµľٶϵ
*
ɽ
ɽʣŴ̫ȥҰժһóԺӵĵϱɹ
ķ󣬰׾ԣڰҰףܽʡһ档
СϣϸĵذѻеɳȻһװСµţƤȫɸȥ
ɸ룬⼸׹ǳԺþˣŽҪһ㣬ϾԵö
ϣ˿΢͸·һ⣬񣬳ͿһĻĿ΢תͷ˻ȥڵƵģʹ
ȷס˰׼һ߰ɣȥҲ
Χȹ£ңͷһߣȥõš
ҹģݵɴ֭ȻŴһ˶ɳڵĺݵģݵûƾƽƬȥζϽˣζҲá
˼ŷڵϣȻڣòš
ϣŸʲôһ¡һۣոµӵݸ
ӣĿӡ
ŷ¶ŵһ⼸͸ɽȥˣȥˡ
⼸ǲˣӶŻһա
šֻһЩֽǮ۵ļ֧һͳɽˡ
ʦķںɽɽϣһԱߣĿλúܺҡ
ʵСԺΧҲǵʦҪģΧض̫ƽʲôþɫŲ壬˵ԼһҪɽָǿһҪ档
˵ͦΣ
ŲҲִֵˣŴӦ˵ãһļһɽɽ
һ꣬ʮ
ˣΡ
лҪ˵ѣΪ㣡
еܣ

14 ޣ

Ѽ֦һڷǰǵʦǰϲ÷˵÷ƷԸ߽࣬һ÷ûˣֻų֦
Ҳû취£ΪԵĻǿ۵ģ˵ʲô׻䲻ֻϣ˼ڵʵһ۾ͺã̫ϸˡ
Ѱͬվһʦǰʶһ£ġ֪㲻ϲˣҲҾˣʱͦģͦ͡ģ㻹ʶһ°ɡһҲ಻ʲôɣҲͷĲãͲݲݽ⻰ͷ
񣬰ϹϾŷؿ˸ͷ
ʵϷֻһֻ˼˼֮ķӰˣϰһˣڷͷ˵˵ͺ˻һ㡣
˵Сͱʦɽʮ꣬СǸʦͷҩƣд֣ѧϰҽһֱסɽϡ
ʦȷʵǸˣҲִʱƩ꣬ǵϳҩģ;һȺʯͷһֻС̹ҵȶȳˣϵëɲɵѪһһɪɪϸ΢
ǰ׺ݵƿǣڻȥӵİΧȦʦȴֻƳһۣ˵˾䡰㲻ܡ
Ǵֵ׵һΣʦòͷһ䡰ҪȱԼȡˡ
ֻҩ֪ʶŹҩȥ󣬿Сûӣ˶ˡ
ûӣֻܲĨȥϵᣬԼȥɽҩǺǹͳһβĶ
һһɽĲһҹСһˣÿ춼͵͵ܸҩʦһֻ۱һֻ۵£СԺĲﰲˡ
˸֣дơ
ʦ˵˲ѣ𶼲ֺαضˣ˷ھϵʱ仨ϰҽ棬ҽ֪Ҫ١
ӲˣҲһֱԼ͸Ϊ١
ʦûҲΪԸɵģˣҲûһӣҲûаѡ
ȵȣͻȻˣСʱȥݷùһŮˡ
Ѿǲ嵱ʱȥʲôˣֻǵǸѩ죬۳Ͷգڴѩнֵĵ¥
Ǹ̴ñŮӣüĿ̬顣һΪʦãһͳſڿȸסˡ
ҲôһΣصɽкҲû˵ˡ
а̾ʦԵ붼ѹ
ʦĪҪˣѻǵýġֵ磬ûӵȼ򣬰ʯߡ
㿴ҸʲôţӹӣֻԲóڷǰ
Сɵ϶˺죬ֶɳڶڶıǡ
ʦڶӰӶڶϲԶɳģϲζֽǮתͷһԵİ͵
ζһۣԱ߰óֽǮ
ͷŪĬһ飬ϲζ
ֽǮˣһţһ߶ԼһƩҽˣ⣬Ľ˺öҩơࡣ
ȺɽУŮӹڷǰֽǮͷ͵˵ŻһĻʶ
ǰ磬ɽתصһһ֣ıӰغŮصһ
ֻ겢ûֽǮһ·ǰǱسһ˵Ĵ
ļѪģϱ鲼ǵŢͺЬӡ
ͷʹǧֻڿʳͷϵĺԽԽ࣬ҧ˻ԴͼЩʹࡣ
ǸûãͷԽԽʹѪҪһ㣬ɫףʹ̡
Ȼȥˡǿʹ࣬ŲŴҴ뿪
ػͷ̫죬ֻһæıӰ
ЩѹΪ֮ĸҼһЩ
ɽ仯죬պֽǮˣǹŻԺףʰ͸ϻȥˡ
ȫװôϾΣĨһѺ뻹øˡ
һֱԼֱϣŲԾ
񣬳Էˡ
񣿡û
ֺ˼ȻĵģûһӦ
ţ˿ű˴˩ˡ
Щˣʹźڴһ˿
ʲô
ҽЩʡɳƣ˵϶ģ쳣ģҾͲԡˡ
ˣҸ㿴Ǵ㺰ңҸ㿴
ʹš
ҡ˵ʲôͱؿҵʹлñٱǵͻһŤ̬ڵϣץؿڣҧ촽
ܸоʲôҪѳ˺ʹʳ˺ҧʹƲסԼӿһɳ嶯ҪƻƻеһС
ԣƻҪƻҪ˺һУҪʹ඼йڰϣҪڰһж
С
һ£У⣬ܡ壬ţľţպݺҧԼֱѪֱһһѶ¡
˼ʼɢıʹ;
ļ٣ܳӳУƵǰ
һƬڣƴţӶ˶һϲҺãû˨ϴ
ϱܵʪ͸ˣû⣬ǻæԱ߰˼ʯͷŽʹϴ˽ȥ
ģӴصĺԡ
ôźڣѽ
ˮ˳ķ˿ʹ°ͺһε
ƾż򴲣ȴϵĶһӣʹһȴǾǰ
˲ϥǵʹôôѽǷ𣿡
ߡҪЩ־壬Ҫ㡣
ǶͽͣؿڵƺҪջ٣ʹ˻Լš
ûµģûµģڣҸ㿴ŬԼ
˳ֱۣæʱһһιȥɫԽԽѿҲѽѽǶƺôҡ
ͻȻһ૵ǡ
۾󡭡
˿̣ඥˣΪʲôڲôֶΪʲôЩܴﵽ΢ƽ⣬ǶΪڵ⼸ζΪǣڵĹƳ棡
ǰΪһֱڳ˯ݷ״̬ڣˡ
˼֮ʣϵĺӰͻȻһѹڵϡ
ϵˣһƬհס
棬׺ݣɽҰޣķɨʪϸĲ壬ϵƻȹ̣÷·Ҫһ㡣
ļһ
ѹ֮ǵصǣ˵ǣ˵ҧ
ҧĴʹӣҵ˷йڣݿ
һɵѪȫŵˣһӷӦȥƿ


15 ޣ

еһйڣ촽գŰĲһ·¡
ִĺȵ촽ճ·˲ը˻
׵ҹ˵Ų˵ܣҪµʱһѹ˫ֽסſǻҡͷҪ񣬲Ҫ
۽ǻһᣬսֱۣҡͷ
ͣȻȻ־壬˺ѷεʹĻĿͷȥҵء
ˡһһ£ϡ
ҳϵ룬Ӻ󷽴ͷ
Ӧء
Ĩᣬ˲ϵǱ޴ذѰϴҩԣҪȥҩ
æضŶ裬ŢУǴδйĻҡ
裬衭䵹Щƿƿ޹зңԽǼУԽҲ
òҵǸɫƿȴڷص;еˮС
æѴƿڻϣϥİʹ̼񾭣ãźҹ̲סڵϺ
ˮᣬֲʲôζ̿ࡣ
һŢһȳһյػصķ䣬ǿнҩ¡
һֱû뿪ֱƽһ
ڵϣƬ̵ķſգ֪УֻԼ촽
ʱһֲܶƵǿ
תͷüۣҲЩѾʡ
ϲϰˡ
*
˯úܲȣ䷢麹˫ŲͣűӣҲǹҲǷҪңҪҡ
Ǳӵһ١
һףɪһ£䷢ѹֵĹ
£ǲ¡æĴ庢һ߸ҥûһٵĺľƽˡ
͵ƾȼţ֣鷢Ʋһߡ
˫գһţĸ׶ģȫůĵط
㾿ʲô
ƽ˯ȥȥջ˼ˮ·΢һԼһŪúҹ
ȥԼһҲ˯òãǹŰûãӣڴ
͵һֱţֱ°ҹȼ
ڶ죬һͿߵ˯Ů
Դһת㶵ؿ˯գͻȻԼԴﱻһŽ
û˯Ѱɣֱ۾
ͻȻȻۣг˾š
졭Ŭ룬ԼƺӺɽˣͷʹӵȱʳʹʹֻܰԼ
ٺ
䵽ͻȻȻֹô룬Ҳ벻ֺ
ͷ͵͵Ӧ־Լɡ
Ů̵Ľë˳شϣСɵı΢΢ʶƤ𪣬ôľܿ͸ϸ΢ëʱӣƺʲô
εʲô̲ס²⡣
ͻȻͣ°ͺͲϣвɻЩ֣ۡ⼾Ѿʼó
һƣæ۾
ˣ෢Ĳӣ˸Ƿ۾ñǣȻ㰲ȣͳȥˡ
źӱ˱ӣϽ𳱺졣
ɻԾǰߣһ̤ţȲˣСڶĽ䣬ֵسһ
ϵķˣЩգͻô£ǳˣͷŷˣãûȡ
ùʳèʳˮճ࣬򵥵һ·ˣȥаˡ
ѾãɫسлЩڡ
㡭ʲôǵ𣿡̿ţСĵʵ
ıзһЩߣɵǷʲô𣿡
ȻҡͷûУ㷢ˣ֪ڱ˹Ƴ𣿡
Ȼ
ڣûǱζҩѹסˣƲÿһʱͻᷢһΣҪ׼
˺ܾãҵ˼ǣȰڵĶˣº͵ҩȻȥҽƳķӡ
ǰп置ƣ׹ʦóǻҵ𰸡
Ȼû飬ܾʲôʲô
Ϊʱ˷ȥԺСݽֻӴ۲졣ʱյҩﷴӦһֶӦǼǺĶأǵѹúͶؼҩﷴӦ⼸ֵķΧҲͲѲˡ
߶ܶӶݣôϡжҲѪ˭µĶ˭˵ķأ
˼Ƭֽ̣д˸ҩһҪºһ㣬滻ҪǹƳ棬ҩԡ룬ʩ룬֪ص
дҩīֿʼвԾ峿һĻԼǡ
ǵˡ
ЩңЩɬ
ԼӦð˲Ӧ𣿿ʵЩǵˣôţǼ⣬֪󶨻Լȥ˵ԼҲûеִ
궯ѵؿڣ룬ҲϲԼ

ԭΪѾƽϢҩû뵽ȴԼǽİֱ벱˿ڷ˶ߡ
ԽԽĬ
ûзԾɳԼصС


16 

һͰˮȥˮƣջŨҡ
ٴο㲼̺۵ıľҲһˣΪеۡ
ӲڴľͰֻһ㣬ڵҩ֭ûţȻڵסĲ֫
ʶز壬ȥס
𶯡ᰴסļȻСĵһһϵѨλ
ڣһ߲ϵظˮˮĬæµĽŲеӰء
嶯һ䣬Ϊˣֵ
ֵ
ңʣҲȥĻش
ֽ߬ȭͷۣĳŶԼԼһɼҪɵľ޴־塣

ҹûͣԽԽơ
ҹԾ򿪴һСˮѾۼ˴ˮӣһֻϴľ豻紵ˮϡ
ֵ߲ˣ·ûһͳȥ硣
ֵֻۣţǰǺܺáλڵݴİѾˮûˣаΪӵƽϸߣû꼰
״˰ȥͨˮӲزһˮС
ʱ֡ӵ͵ƣ˼·߳ˡ
ƿȫʪ͸ģһ
ֻ̫ܷŴ
ˣæ͵ƣ˿ɾĨæǰá
վʲô£ſڣͻȻ򣬵¾֪˵ʲôá
ҪҪô꣬˶㶼㵹ãȥܣʱ˲ҩ
ɬôôɵŻ֪ܲܳСѣûôҪ
ɵϡ
ͷԹԵվһͷ⡣
˸ɣֽ˼̲סǰ쳶ǵĿӡ
ʲô£Ҵҷ鲼˰ֽɡŰ͸ȥ
ƽԺһƣִС̡
ｨڸߵأԱˮǲˮڵǡѲˡ
ʱգҲһˣʱҪˡ
Щʱһֱæ£ǵûǰôġ
񲻶Щ뵽ġ
һ̥λĸѲҪԵɣӵˣ⼸öעŶԡ
׵״̬ܲãֵúܲＱ߶ΧӶһȡůֻͣؾ߶βų״ĺڷԶһСŷۺڻ䶯
͵ƣ첽ǰһСŷԼ·סֻ¶ı͡
С̷ܶԼ½ڸȡůֱĶǸ
ţ˵ûꡣ
תͷɫİѲˣճܲöȥһˮòá
Ҳ͵صͷûͱסɡǵɡ
ߺֵͷ鿴״ڣƨɺһŷӴһɫС
Сһֱڿϣٳٲ
о飬ĸõİëץŶλ̶˳ԭἷѹĸһСȳۼֿקסֻţܷᶯһ㽫
סֻˣľ˳ˡ
һͰˮֻþòķţ¶ǣ
ãһˮ£ȻѻСһͳݸˮͷ¶棬ǧҪˮǺ
⧲뽿СһţȻһɴ۾Լ֣Ķ˶֨֨ţ˿̣κʱѵʶиһС
ңҲеġӦŵҡͷ
ڲ֣ѵĿ𣿡Ͱ͵ؿ
ð֪ĲһָУŵضԼģ͵ǣԡ
ĿĴﵽһգٵͷԼֻƵѪ˿ۡ۰񣬱񾭰עϣʹҪͷͰ
òֻҲģһˮȻĴŲ㣬ԼƹȥỺද塣
ȵָģһȥеʱԼΣƴסԼ
ôûһֻ̺ʹ׺ֻڽУֻͣදֻû졣
̫ˣ֪ܾܲȻЩͳĵһһСһЩܡ
֪˶ãҪʱڹ𱳣һ˿΢Ľ
ˣˣüëöҪˡ
һ˵ϣҲ˲Цţˡ
˶ϲãһʱ䶼תͷŶԷǿſţ˫ûŲۡ
ЩǱͼ粢粢ţὫͷļϡ
ûж
ƮҡڵһС΢ɫů⣬͵һҡڣһʱ䣬˭Ҳû˵
ǶˡΣ
š
СˣҪӹһЩˡ
š
ǻһ쳤󣬱СúСá
š
һֱ𣿡ɺᣬ˲Ľš

šƬ̣ᶨصͷĬֻҪ㻹ҪңұԶ뿪
ر۾ǹ۵Цݡ
ʱͣһ̣жá
лҪ˵ǵúƤĵֻŸӳˡ

17 

ƽգתá
СǱ黹ǶǸĸףԼϵëͲ˸ѡ
ͬʱͰҲע⼸ֻеĸãֱǶһһƽزǡ
ÿ϶㣬Ӫϡ
ֻͺлܺ˵һ仰ˡæûʱ䣬ǺôɣܴĻᡣ  
ʼɽˣ԰Ųҩʱڼ֯ҩʱѱ÷ɽȥмÿÿҹŻʱѰס˯ˡ
ʱҲɰǹģԼץסİѱǰʱúܺá
һգ˴רŰѳСʰſǡ
ͲŲҩˣˣ
ֱ׵ķЧǲģǲ˺һ룬ݵſˡ
һӰͷû߼ƺͣƬ̣ͼṦš
Ȼ֪ԼĿʵ̫ˣһӣϹһ˲עⶼѣ
ȵȣ۾һϹŵľȻǼٱСУиǡ
ֵĳ»
̽۹⿴Сӣǿһɼĸùֱ͵ʦˡ
ȵȡһ˲ֹסϴźӵӡ
һջؼŵĽš
㡭ûʲôҪ˵𣿡˵ͦ˼ģ̬ʵ׽͸
˿ˣȴʼ
һ㶣ĬĬ˻ͻȻ϶صͷеġ
ڴؿ
ֻ֣ȻأԷӣͷһС鲼ŵĶġ
ɶͷԣʲô
ͭǮĶ㡣
һ㶣̵ģصشͭǮӣ࣬˵⡣
ãҸšԺȢϱãĵһ뵽ЩȻؿһ
أ㻹ʲô˵𣿡ٴϣؿ
̫ʶԼһֱæͷжԼˡ
ûˣҪɽˡҪߵ
ͼϿЩʲô
ǳ˲еĲ԰ףʲôҲƲ
ҲûôãҲŲҩһȥ̯ա
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ÿͶֻ׵ĸһ˼ǵ׿ˣãף
Цϸϸ־ᡣǵڵȥӣֹűĬĬ֯ıӰЩЦˡ
ʮһҲѽֹ֯ģõĻǹȥúþãȱұˣôԿѽ
Ӵ˵С˼ֱֻģһֻ֣ÿ϶˼ҲοʵãȻǮҲüѽ
⻰۸ˣˣʵãȥʵõģʲôǻأ
ԽԽŭֱ£˰죬һ䣺
˵ǳԷһ
˵㣬ţʮĶ㣡
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˺ˡǰܵƣϽֹһһ߶ϴ˵ˣǲˡ
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ţﻹµģĿȥ˿¡
˴뱲ӣֱеģﻹ߶߶ȴϲˡ
ԾͷϣԺ󶼲ˣ
ãҲġ
һƲһƨ£ԱϥǣΣǲǺܶࣿ
룬٣󲿷˶ͦѺõġţһлͷͣջ˺üء
Ʋ֣Ҳ֪ô죬֪ԼͱʱͻȻ۾һ㿴ǱߵĻҲȥһưա
Ѷиһϲտһȥ
۾ֱؿԼֻڹǷĴ֣о治ѣ⡭ټ
ûüϸϸܣɿˡ
ԼȻʧ
λɾСЩΰգ꾩ĻԴʽΣӹԲ͸ƽЩ꾩СӣŶ
һ֧Σ˶ĿŵԼϣ֪Ϸ󣬲ģͷһ
ЩλСе飬ɫ嵭ֻ۸񡭡
Щԥ˳䡣
۰ؿ˻ɼƼһۣĿ̯ⷴһɫľסˣһƬƬջɫޣۻңֱŲۡ
ضһɫľ۾Ҫϱһ
ֱӱһ£תͷ
ﲻᣬǷΣٿǱ𡭡
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һͷڼغٺһЦ׽סֻ֣ҪңСүҶ򣡡
ץ˸š
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˵ǰһֵ˹ȥʮʮ
ͨܵסӲҽһ°ֻû֪
ſԼڰյķֱۣµתߣ㣬㾹ҡһûŭĻŸʲôСүǮǳз𣬶ϣϰ
ȥǣϹẉ̂Ҳǻ콭ģǱ˴˶һۣʮĬɢλΪĽΧ£֪˭ȵͺһ˫Ť
ֻһУԷͷȱ㣬Ǹ֣Ҳ࣡
ûеһֻҲһֱڻڶԷʽ±Ƶˡ
еɱˣŮڣҪڰڿͬعСǣԼԶԶ
ΧѼ㿪һŶ۵ѰֻҪԶһ㣬Զһ㡭
ͻȻһƷֻ۽һʱϲСġδȫѿڣԼʶȥ
ꡪƤ⡣
Ŵ۵ʺ죬еһҷ·ͻȻѣһŭȼա
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㶵ؿԼ֣Ծһ
ҲɵˣӦģ۵һ񣬡ߡ
ֻǲ֪ǵͷ𾪵ķ򣬲ʽǱɱ¥ɱ¥ģ
лҪ˵..ûҵòա

18 

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ʽݣֱС
ҰϲδĨֻϵƤ⣬˹ɽϡ
ԺСͷ󺹵طҩƿƿ޹ޣУҧֱϵǰ
Ҵҵ˸СƿǼðϸСĺ飬𣿡
۵ɷףͷŵ˿ڵɿ㵹˿ϣһͺá
ֺܶƿķĩһ룬̲סһ
ԣԲ𡣡
û¡οûµģġ
Ĭҧɴ
ɫӽƻ裬̫µͷһɫչսСݣӳϡ
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һ׵¡
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ʹأῪڣϲ𣿡
СĿռ֪˭Ż˺ձð
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֪ԼΪʲôҪѣֻԺ壬һ뵽;Ǳ˭סս
Ѿµˡ
ָо٣ϣֿ쵶ն£ϣʴȵطŹԼǡ
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Ĵ͵۾γѣѸƿûһӱƵڵϡ
Բ𣬰ҡ״Σһǰһһֻڿм޴š
ڵϰûع
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οԼӺֱϵӡǣΣʹԼ
𣿡½Ϊ˱
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ѾˣЩԼղŵĳ嶯Сֵ֪ɽֻǱҹɫɽֲŻ¶ĿΣķǹ½롣

شӻͳһ֧ӣȼȼһ֦
֦Ϻд֬ĻɽвôϨ˳ԭ·أѾˣ˺ܾãҲû߳Ƭӡ
·ˡ
һֱſڵֱȫԶҲûӰ
żͬʱҲ֪ڱȻԸԼȻԥƬ̣ǵռϷ硣ϴƣһͬڵӡ

ߵþƣϵĻĻǣ̵пԣϥһ׮󣬼ֶڡ
һƬqqֻŻѵһԴȸУɽ紵Ҷɳɳ죬ĴƮɰԼøСˡ
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ףױܣûϣһɽϱֱ£û˰νҲݡ
ȺںԣԽƻʳԼǵצӺݼ佫ʲô³
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ȺǲƣʹһµҪûѺǡ
ϵĻ漴Ϩһ˫˫̵÷۾ҪĳһƺѾŵɢȳζ
һСƽշҰ޵ҩۣʵ̫١
ȻһȻҪҩȫԼϣʲͺˣ
ӭŷ磬ҩȫǰ棬һȫ˵Լϡ
̼ԵζȺЩ궯ߴͣҰ˿ڴɢѪǸӿꡣ
һǺȻƼžҹգ漸ֻӦһһˣ˫Ȳ
ѪһдζŨˡ
лҪ˵񣬿ϣ

19 ޣ

Ǻһһ£ڸǣڰŹܵϢ
еӰһ٣ԶĻƹٿسһͽУ˲õԤУӿ첽
ңһҪң
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̰ʮֻ۾ɢ̹⣬ԽԽƺʮּǸеʿζƽӭŨȳζŻ
ǳ˵ڼȿ־ͽŵ»ֻþǰͳˣǺҹǰȴ˺öİɫСˡ
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־ʶֺˣֲĸ̻Ƥȴһ˿ʹҲûС
ֻܸеԼԽԽ䣬Ϊ˵Ʊ룬Ǵﶥ塣
û˿һԼô
񡭡
ʱܵҪصǸҹ֮ʲôҲûзů

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̣Ǳӽ˴̵Ĺľԣͷ·ͼļ̻Ŀȫǣûиоһֻƴꡣ
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Ĩһᣬټһ飬ȷû©Լֱ۵ҧۺͲҲĨҩ
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ϲ㣬ϲᣬһ÷飬Լ˽ģµһ̣Լ·Ҳֹͣˡ
ʹĸо·ҪȥҲ볢ڶΡ
ڷ֣Լʧȥ
Σʧȥ

Цˣʹڻͷͷģֺηļѿ˻


20 

±ϳ˴ӶϴӤ֣ҶӴ̣״ѣʸżľͽ١
ϲشŭŵĽϻ޾֮·ⶴ̦޺ʲôҲûУϻֲľҶȴԳ伢
ڵɽݶұʢ̦޺жϣȷʵˮԴȻûߣ޷̽Ѱֻժ̦޺̦޺мˮ֡
ֻǴ̦޺ȡˮһùζޣܻõɾˮԴˣ޷Ϊ˷ֹкںˮٽľ㻨
ľ㻨˾ֹѪֹʹĹЧڳ׷ҲмЧãҽ͸кƽ䳣Ҳ񵽱ˡ
ǺߣĨȥ߶ˮˮգһֱԼ˼ͷԥǲǺܳѽ
ؽֱߵľ㻨ķ䣬һЦÿ
ȥĻͣ۾ֱһͬһھʯϣȻĿļϣСҲϲ

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˹֮ʱʱһԽΧұڣʱֻּܳڻжá
ҪֻſˮҲһֻһֻͺá
û֪ȥ˻·ûˡ
ͰԺǾ̫ոʱȥԽȥ
еͨǻܱܿҰޣ̫ɽǰصԺӣҲ֪ôˡ
Сǡ
Űõѣģģţûһ˯ȥˡ
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š
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ڴƵĴ£ǺܿƳƬӣٴοѾõСԺипǧ
ˣһֻˡ
밢ִգ·Ҳѹȥ֮á

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лҪ˵ЩСɰң˵һ£Ŀǰߣһǲɽеİ꾩ɱ¥ЩԺõģúڰ壬ԺҪӴ~

21 

Ե˽һ죬ͲסŰȥɽҰ
ɽ۲ңоܱ䳲ķλЩҰ䲻˵ѱҰɽʯСʯȵѨɰٻۣٻۣζ
ı¨װһչޣһѷĵԼһѶ̲ӡڷѨ䳲չװʵķۡ
ߵһҲżʰһСôǰϰ˸ߵҰݣһЩСɳɢ
ڶߵѾϢˣǶЩӲݶ·ʱһҪŪ
ôһתͷʰ񣺡۲ۣ
ۡεӦشһ·⡣
˿ϵÿ죬ʵ˵ġ
ԭصƬ̣ץŸҪȥǰǿôϢƬ̣
ͷ£ܱߵӲݺҶȻϡ
ڱɽϣߴԽ֦Ҷֱɽ׳ִһǿǧ
ĨĨһɫСƬ̣ͻȻȻˡ
һ̧ͷȻ֦Ļ
Ҳһϸϸƣ滨
ҡҡͷصʮ꿪ʮеʮҲһλѽ亱
ô棿ԾֶŻƣԼʶľֻ۰Ͱ
飬һЦСģ仨˲俿һ
ֻԸߢ˼
ȣָЦ⡣
ˡ
춹Ҳ˼
ƽճԵĺ춹ͬԳԵĺ춹ֽгඹֳϵĺ춹һټǲܳԵġ
ֻСʱһλһιʮˣû뵽ֿˡ
ʱҪժЩ춹ִһһ
ͷϲƻЩ£鶯תʢϣ
ָ׸ǴСһһᡣ
ϲ𣿡ϲɫֳظŻУЩš
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ǣǾͺá˺ŵشӻͳһŵɫ㡣
⼸һֱһġ
ҵģûӦɵɵɫһţеظĻ
ģᶨ
ɵˣϿѿǡһ
һ䵭ɫϸ
˺üƯġĴ·
ԴϴڼϿЩʵľһ룬һÿģ
ﶼÿ
ǲǲϲӲı飬ҲЦݡ
ʼԼޱֲڵľʵ䲻ԲӦһ͸㡣
ⱳ۵ᣬʮңûдɫĻ
ȥȴһѶ㿪͸ˣҵˣûȥĵ
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صͷ
·Ϫ֮ʱ͵͵ˮգžһ
ȥҲô⣬һŮԼ
ְҵʱ±ûĵȻͷ϶ڴĵһ£ëֱǻ

ҰϲѱȽϽĵطˮһ㣬ϪΧʮ׵ķΧѰڣڼÿͣ
ãȺѣҲ΢졣
ǰӴ֦Ҷŵ·Ӳݺ֦һþľԵİ﷢һҰ䡣
æµҰһӤȭͷСĶڽûʶĲʳڻ
Σձƽ
شɴ֣Ȼ˸ƣһ̱Ӷ
ʵɽҲзũ۷䣬Ҳȥֽ̹飬Ǻϸһ룬ԼҾɽϣоôһƬ԰ֻҰȾָģ
һ룬ҲӲ࣬ÿˣֱͦ޼ɵȥ
ǾԲڵġ
ѬȻЧ죬Ҳ붴̫Ϊ¶ȹߣ˵Ұ䣬ЩƢҰӷŭһ԰ùĻ
ѬַҪѿغá
ûһһЩСͷҰܲס˳˰־Ƭ̣һֻͷҰ˳
һֻԼڱǣһֻŰĿڱǣֻΡΡĴͷʱٺһЦˡ
ͷ𣿡񲻽ʡ
˵һϣȣ΢ĸо֡
˲֣ҪĨȥǹĵУĲɵӦţţԣͷġ
һֻ󶹭űǰ֦ͻȻӦԣܽͷģǷ
ӦΪɫɱĳ󶾪ˣؽ֦һԵ֦ϡ
֪ˣȴʲôҲû˵ıɫʾ¶ȣˬů˲֡
һҪð񳢳ζ
ֻҪѷתߣЩҰȻȻȥȡ۵ʱһЩϷũַĵġ 
ѽһУ뿪˳Ѩ۷ѰͻȻȻס
ľַѨķۻȽ϶࣬ΪѨ㹻ĿյǴۡ
˲ӿڣһˣȽӲ䳲Ҳصӹ
˿ˣһ㡣ûһͿһƻɫæŰļ
Ұ䱻ˣժɴ֣ڵСĵְѷ䳲Χ
һŹڶ״ĻɫƬ״Ƣӳ
߰ƬɫҲϷ䳲ˣʱЩӽ
Ҳſһơ
˶ſڵϣѲϳ⿪ССĶڣһʱȥЩ
㵲ҵĹͷƣȲ˳
ѶõСĵظһƬƢ
˵ָһߵһ붼ǷӼҪֻҪһۡ
˵ţõ´ŷ۵һ飬Žչ
Ұķۺ㣬ûаȫȡ꣬һЩҰ䣬ʣµķƢ黹ڳѨУһ¶ѨһСڡ
ⲻǽԶչλһҪ´λۺá
ǺȲ·ϲ˲ָ֣չݺһѣһҰ㳢òóԡ
еĶˡ
ѽôЩɬأٳһڡ
Щأٳ
һڽһڣѰ񿴵ƿԡ
ͻȻץסմӹóָؿҲ볢
˵ţ֣ǰȥ
ָеĴǵһҪջ֣ذȴץֲš
ҧƬָ̣ϵĲŲء
Ķһ٣̧ͷ
峺̶ˮһ͹ƻĵֱĲȵԼĴꡣ
Ĳء


22 

еŮЩͻ뷨ڸʱȻǰԺеһ
˿ҲõòˣС̳ڳϾͰ˷ϡ
쵽ˣԽԽȣǾͰСƵͥԺڣԷ
ƣͲסȰ˵Ѿκġ̰ȵģһֻžѣһŴƿʼ˵
ƣⱭƣǾǺֵˣڴɻУþײĹӣһ¡
ƴ˸ǣŵüβĴӴܡ
ʲôǲǡ˵ţҪҡҡλȥ׷Ȱȣȴһѳס
һ˵ϣеľѵ䣬ꤹԶ
˫һЦҲܾѲˣ§ĲɵЦϵŮҲǿռȥ
˵꣬ա
˿ѣľٶ˸
ĪҪˣˡǼ΢סֵ֣ͷܿϮ
ҲûкءſߣĴһѹ˵һûأҸһܣǧҪ߰Ŷ
Ϊ»Ҳϵţ㿴ˣڡ
õ϶ʱͷˡ
Һ˵һѵ͵͵ˡ˶٣ͻȻ䣬Ů²ӦͲصˡ
ֻҪûеԶҵİˡ΢ʣ͸Щ棬һ˲֮䣬ȴַԼС
֮»٣֪벻֪Ϥͽհˡ
ǲ֪ġ
ͷķ䣬˲䣬ü۶価
һĺ󾢶ŲؽûֱӣͻȻ
ٺһ
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ա
һ쳹Сݣһӵ䱸Χôˣʲô£
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˶ȦģĶҲʲôڵһºˣæûûЩ¡
űǣߵؿ
ʹɽѾˣԵΪΪʣʱ⣬ûˣĹܵôࣿ
񡭡
һ
޵ݣһ迡εͳɫµĺһͷ̧ͷ۾
Լ˰񣬲Ժξ档
ڰӲռ˼ҹıˡ
࣬һƬĬУͬʱڡ
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ҡ
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͵ۣңһḺģȢա
һƬУɴ۾㵵ŵһԴһƬҡһ£ƺ
ԸҲûйϵң´Ŭм֮ףӦ𣬵ԸӦǱԼĻá
į飬һȣϡͿشӦˡ
*
ӻƻŮ޹ֱһľͷױеʵС
Ҫˡ
µױͭŮüҼ価ŮҵĽߣŹ⻬̨棬չһЦ
ˣ˭ԼϲǸϡ
СԺûһӣݵһһջ𷿣ұӣٺ棬ǰˡ
ЩӶòһ˸պã˾ӵˣҪɻ飬Ҫôһ䣬Ҫôѡһ
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ʵϲʲЩҲŲǨǼӡ
ǽҪŲִʣֽͼϹ˼ʣҲ̽ͷһԲ䡣
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Ϊţ˴ҲǼá񲻽⣬ָĵطͷ÷ͱ켫Ϊ㡣
ΪһЦԴɬԺСİ
Űһ˵ɵ㲻ûλðɣ
γѣæҡͷǵĲǵģֻǣֻǡֻδһһԸһ
һչһĵĹԸһƬհĨŨīزʵɫԸϲŭ֣Ը飬ҲԸͬ°֮Լ
˵ǻһ
ľҲֱʲôҪӿδеǿҵĸ飬ҡҡͷٴȥԴеسͼֽңȥòϡ
˵գҴ߳ȥżʱ㱻һӡ
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ʲô
˯ϡָеףͻȥջҲС
˸ۣһƨѹסϿҪı죬ţԸ˯ҲԸ˯һܳ㲻ɣ
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ƻҹ㱻̻ˡ
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һۣЦԣܳˣŮֻҪҹһҹܰԿ
ǲŵģ밢ʹûԹǣȴˡ
ͻȻ㲻ҵģ
ô֪ҲԣƵؿ
㲻ᡣ
Ҳԣ
áſ֣ûһתͷᶨ֪㲻ҵģ
񣬺Ʒһ˿ֵζôã۵Ĳͬһԡأ
ҹ
˯࣬࣬խ˼仹Ǹ˺ܴһ졣
ҹЩȣӲӣѱӳǶԴ䷭¶ⲻС˰Ĳ
ȵļ΢Ĳ˿飬ġ
һŲŲ
΢Ĵʧв˸⿴ʵıҹʣϡֱĳɽ
֣ƽ￴ʵȴһҲݣһţľ߰ȫС
Ƭ̣ͻȻָ˴ļСȣңǳɻԺ㻹㲻
ڲϣƤụ̀һ£Ͷһ¡
׽Ū񱻽׷ָȵÿ쵽;ĩ·Ȼһһ޳ֱ۹סֺ
Ŀԣ˫ıǼ⣬δϢ໥ţ֮䣬
㣬ĪҪˡ˲Ϣ̵һɿ֣ɫһ䣬޵ط
û죬˰죬ᡰšһ˳һҲûƽаԵ硣
ҹ˫糺죬һ͵͵˱Ǹϡ


23 

ջɽĿջһЩн˺Ǯ֮ʿ඼ѡڸջЪš
ʱʱ磬ջ˻δС˿Ĩһûһġ
λûһľСʡ
㣬ˣȥˣ˵ҪȥһһڸɾĿöӱţԡǳ˿źӵ
˵˵٣ײײӵļ
ж٣ô¡Ӻǡ
װˣװ˰ɣλүȥģ֪ܲСһ
ӱ𴩣ЦЦҲû˼
ź˼أС˸ָ
ӵͷλү¡
ҲǼ桱ģָɢͯĻټ
Ǿġ
ſﲻ̫񣬵ϱߵġ
δ˵꣬ͱϰӱһ˾һֻ䣬ɶģϱ߱߹ɶ£˻ܰһȥɣ˶ҪˣϽΰںã
ղŻ̸۵˲任ͷظϰһɣ˲ûӰˡ
ǣȺʲôͰϰ﷭˸ۣһӣ欵ˡ
һŷٿۣ³һһʣ㡣
һ֣ȥˡ
ûһϬؿ⣬ֻһֻŸų롣
ǲɨ˼ۣ漴۾֣۸һոߣȻҪȥࣿ
ҪҲܣ
ЦȻ¥ﰲԼֲµˣͬƾʲôҪǲ
ֽһӽݺݽ˼£򿪷ţ¥
Ӵ͹٣ˣҪԵʲô𣿡Сǰ
ӣص˵Ψһһˣģһģһһݡ
ϣԵȡ
̻ͣʵĶ˼ۣΪذӶ˵ȥһƨ£Сϵܣһţסɶѽ㽲ɽɽûʲôҪ滹ȥ꾩Ƕࡣ
Ƕһ´һС࣬ҡĽ˿һ˫һתͣ
憪¡
СӺ񣬵ȻԼĽΪš
ѽתһȦҲȥҪҪŸһߣһˣҲǶİɣ۴飬ڽ˵ţذִڶԷϡ
Ҳܲˣһ˦֣죡
Ծ˸ûȤֿСûӵʲô
ڨڨصԼԭλϣûòСӳͳȥˣԽԽҲɢˡ
ǵΪ꣬ɽգǶû׼ϢԼʦҪȥ࡭뵽⣬걩߷һԵ
Сӣˣкãɣ𷭹˼£ǽһؤĽţһµյǰ
ӶؿƤ·ֺȱڵ룬۾һת¶һЦð磬Ǹ׽̵ҲƲ¶ͬС
ɵؿԱ߻ؤ磬ֻ㣬˶࣬ȥǱ߰ɡ
С޺ؤǵͷƺá
һĻǡɱײ˸ţһܣ˼ǽֻ¶һֻ۾ûòСôģ
ţܲס棬͵͵βȥ
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ǲãҼԺأҼǵõʱҪ鲼һȥѰ
ԣǡ
ʱҾ˵أССɾ䣬벻ôǾҪˣǹϲѽׯӱ˵ţߴͷ˼񲼡
ˣʽȱҶ࣬幤ҲãǰƷСԼ߾ˡ
ЩԧϷˮĻϲŵ幤Ǿ岻ϸܵŵġ
ͷ񣬰ᣬͷ
ʹٴӼϲϲЩеĶҪеģϲʽʦ޸ĳߴļ϶ȥǰնµ޻
ͳ޻һյģһԱģϲĺɫ·˶ͶȻĿ⡣
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ŮˮģСиϲļ򣬡Ҫúö˼ҡ
һġ·ʢһشˮʯᶨ
ò˼һɬشͷ
ϲָͷŻȱĶˣЩϲգкҪһġ
һһӦ£ֻǶûע⵽һ·˺ȻסŲתӥĿסıӰ
лҪ˵. . ʽ

24 

ǸգհȥϲɽϲﱾɽϵȫˣСطİҲˣ˽ˣͬʱϲȫ˵е
ҹŵ˯ţҹģģһͷĶ
ˡ
ָ⻺ϲɫ½Žɫƣͨ죬׺ⰵƣȥ򵥶
º͵شĿӣ漴ãȹԭһȦһҩȻš
ֻǰŮܻƸУױǰžĿϲɫʣӿһɵ˸кꡣ
ԼĸףǸѧѧһֱԵŮˣ߿ǰϸ̷·ڶߣһתۣҪˡ
޸ǸγůɱһѪ·Ϊһеˡ
úܺÿü裬ȴ벻󣬿һϲẦߣöСķҲһóԡܻ᲻Ծǡ
ôһˣȴΪֱ۰ҲһᱻѵҲϱĬĬˡ
˵˵ţۿЩӣĺܺãԸģǡ
ҪԣҳޣҸְҽϣǶ߶
һᡰžડױϣæĨȥǵһθһΣָֺ¿˴ÿĻ£ԽԽ࣬ҲˮۣƲסſϡء
ų̿죬ϵϲһˣܲסڷͷĴ̼һֱĵŰļ򣬡һϹͷˣܲסҶƲ·ߵ׮ӿ
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ŶӴֲܵôôＱأ
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쵽ǰߵߵţûͷţֻ
סˣһ˲䣬²ӿУͷˡ
ϲȴǼɫһʹ˸塱Ŀ͡
ʱſˣ˶񣬹򶨵ؿţȥţһǳɣһ˿һͣ١
㡭һ̧ͷͶһ˫һĺۿͷ飬䲻ģͷ
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Ҫֻϲһˣֻһ˺áбֻۣǽëմ¶飬ӺģһҲûС
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Ĺղһ⣬ıܡ
·Ҫ˫ˣ֣ţ㡣
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һӻңҲ֪ǹأ߿ˡ
ϲ֮գӻĪҪˣӴϲİװ׾ƯӣͷҲϲ
˼ЦЦҡҾЩš
ϲǹˣ飬СɾҲǸ֪ȵˣԸҲãź˵ż̫̫ˣЩ˺ãЩãһһ׼
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Ŵһӣ˵һȫ˴ģһᣬմС
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СĵǣţݿڵĻǰ
һϲףʣգ跳ȥڽڸߡ
ҲһԻرһϵĹϣĶСԻΪ棬צ̽һ£ȴ̵ֱӵߡ
Űǰͷ¶ԽԽȣû˼źٿ衣
һأݸáÿȴɹ񣬵޶԰ݡʱ֡
ͷǡ
! 붴
һУһѱϲĵЦкԼﱳ·
Ƚһʱѽͷͷһ˲䣬Ȼһ
üɽǳ죬ڷߣ촽۲ᣬ֬ԣֻЦ޼ղҡҷһϮ켪ĵޡ
һ˲˲ضԼһЦ˳ӣϣʲôأҹɫ밢ųԱƣ콫ͻؼС
γع񣬽ͷֲĵתͷҵһ
ȵȡ
š֨ѽһϣеĺͷֹⶣһ䣬˲ɣ

ϲϲǺˣҲðԶͣϰһֵǧҲʱ䣬Ͻȥ
ɰǲģ·ֱϰŷֻȥˡ
ֻ֮ǰһƿݸţ֪ʪ
˵գתȥֻŲΡΡþ˵


25 

ҹϲȼգ˿㣬ڴر߻Žű߳ԣػŴĹ뷿ԣڲӦƹ뷿˵ǵ·
˺ֽġ֣֡ҲŴͷһϲ⣬ֻϲůӳڴ齵ĺ۳ɫʡ
뵽ᷢ飬Ըһͣ˵ʵڵģΪҽߣ˵õĲҲǼҽεģ¶ܲϤ
ֻǡϤҽѽ
Űδ͵͵һûзƤС飬Ԥٸϰһ顣
¹ʶ֪£ʱţӴϵĹ̫Ͱᵽϲţ߳Ը߿
ﲻЩӲС̯͵ģͼǺڰ˹յνӴ覴ã嶯ͦϸλġ
˼ۺ죬̲סһҳһҳϸ
һϲ⼴֮ʣͷĶæҵذ챻¡
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ɫΪŹ֣ͷ̫ˣ
е㡣޽ǵͷֻյ̫Ҷˡ
û˵
ϢԼ٣ɼǸŻģƽսΪͬǣĿƣ𪽿ӡ
ƽһ۶ҶƣյΪ󵨡
ô߽źƣǶˣ
ҡҡͷͷŮϸĽҪУ˵Ĵ£ú¶֪ҹʱ
˵ո֮ʱ
ﺦ£һֻһԸΣһαˣ±¼ˣҲѰˡ
һ㶣ȴǲ֪˲
̾һòǣ£ɿ٣һͷ˿ٲк£ڷѩ筵ӣ죬ɢŰ㣬ð񶼳ˡ
ͷŲҲж£Ƥգգ۾ȡһͷԼİһ˸ᡣ
ᷢΪޣɡ
ڽϦʱԾظૡ
Ʒ˿£װɰˣұˡ
𶯣һԵϲƽϯ񱻶סƵģ룬ɵκˡ
ȻԼˣԶԶʤԼ
Ĵָȥǵĸ飬õӵ뻳°͸ļѣƵҲġ
Цͷ񰲸Сһ㸧ο
һ̣ƵԾһжޱȰ
񾲾Ƭ¶ĲϣϢɨ΢΢΢һڴϡ
ı죬һԲضţĿ繣üҺ顣
ãЪϢա
š
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Ĭ
˭ҲûչľĬֻС鷭ҳɳɳ
ЩСͼûţʱջĿûٿ
أžһغᣬҲûһֹͬͬŵͷѸѣֻ¶һ˫۾
۾ֱֱŴʶҲ֪Щʲô
ȵС飬ͷ£ҲϽƿ˽ȥ
ϲžԾϰӰ
Щ꣬˸ſ
ۡ
촽Ųû½ǣȻһɴ˹ȥ
һ˫·ȼŻ
ĪҶƺڼʲôúܽвȡ
˿ĭ˳֣ȴûó档
ûҶ뿴˯ûԽԽͣ͸һɱίտǵĴϲ֮ա
ĬĬؿ˲ϢͻȻԵڶͼ
ʲʲô۾
ֳԴһ࣬˫ּС¹Բ̲סͷǳǳһ£̶С𣿡
˿ʣĶ΢Լ¶Ӳ
ͻȻշ̣죬ɬصͷ
ɴӰӰصһ𡭡

ҹ˼αͣˣƮĵõȻ籩̼һк£ɺصõˮΡ
ʱʱС಻Ъһӷѿ񣬶δܹ˴ݲУ볯󺰡˹ˡֻһ磬˵Ҳܡ
ǰȡˮֵľͷҲήңʼԱ룺°°ɣˡ

콫񾲾ؿŻк೤Ů᲻ñ۾еĻ߸ʧȡ֮һֱ紹С
һжõòʵǴ͵һ
ƺһֱЩĶһ콫ȥ
ָоΪ֤ʲôȲͷĶǣӵ
üԺſصƤ૵񣿡
жҲбϵӨŮǵ°͵ķƲڶߵķ˿£˯ա
ۼˣز˲򢣬һ䣬ֳ˯ȥ
*
ҹСϾĵģԶײʯԶһƷ峵ڹսǡ
ñĴַ򰤼Ұռ㡣
˭˼ѣŹǷš
ҹ㡣ͳ¡
ôأأз۾ʡ
¡˼̵˵һ󣬾ͳʹ˸ɫͷǸͷƿŶ룬ֱ
ô񡣡ײǽűŭݺĴˡ
ֱһ˲鲻Ը˽ҹķƳߺвޡ
˺£ݵ˼·
£ֽûҹ㡭Ҳͷ
˴ӶͷյͷĵױľֻԼԼЩ沿֪Ѻ峵һζ
ע̬ȣҪһɱ֣ͱʱȺУ˷ֲΧյĲͬ
㻹ûܺϸ񡣡
⻰ǾͲˣʦ֣ⶼ쵽ͷˣûҵʦ֣ⷽвͨ
඼ܳԣߣڵ֡ޱߵ
ֱܳѹһͷӲʶʱΪܣʱ׵ĵ
̸䣬ÿ󼸼䷿ݣһЩͬŷ͸Щ⡣
ŵһϺģһҹʪʹŸҩԤͿĨӡ
Ƭ̣˳һ˵ıΪ࣬һ촽˲׽ζ
ˣȥϵˡ
˲䣬ӰʧڰҹС


26 

⼸գĸоԽԽǿң˯Ůÿ֣Ϊǣƿ죬˴
ɫԲһֻص£ĸоǿң˵ĻŲ֪˳
ϬĿɨһȦն˱ڳϡ
ԥãĵһֱһڸⶫǸħУ˱޺ڵĻᡣ
ֿҪڲʱٿضסָ߬߬˻ȥ
ɫ¹ڵľţŷ֮أҲǷ֮ء
ܺqqģֲָһ˾վţ·𿴼ԼһխСĶľС
°ӿŵһͷֵİһͷһͷԨƺʲôͷ
ɡ
ͷĲ𽥷ŴԼһգʧ޾Ԩ֮С
ڲһѳ۵ĺȻһðźĴ󵶣
пڷڽŷɥĴ汦һ
ı䣬ɨصİƣĿѣ죬ҵ嵶

ϷһЩ仯ûв
һ˾վԺԶ಻ɽ壬ֻʱһͷץסǵ治ߡ
ᣬֻҹʱر˫УŨҵɬѵ
ɽҩʱ粽ظҲҹ´ţַľٶʲôҲû˵
ƿ֨ľţƵƣһڳ
ѵǰ˿ѾƹλõĺڲĬˡ
ű֨¡һĿһתͷ˭
һСӰ˹
˿ֻį
͵Ʒڵϣ£ƵԴѵسǣţ£
Ʋ˵ֻԴȥա
ҲëӣЦȥҰˣȫģǽʵû顣
ᱧԴãૣƣȫ֪ˡ
Ҹô죿
ҹϣָͷŸҲȵ¶ȣڹڵһȥ置ա
źóһʱ䣬˵һá
ԭȵ׵һȸԾ̣ճǰκΪ̬̽ȡ
Ӧˣش𱳺ʲôѾ
ЩˣĳЩĶȴԭģ
̲סһڣܵ˲һЦ
ɻˣ˾ò
ҹˣЩ˯աķε
šѰ˸λãȵر۾
˯ǰţգǾʰң
ֻ֪ϣȻͬǳ
Ѿˡ
*
û뵽ǻ֮졣
ҹһȻۣһλ
ˡ
֪ʦԺΧ죬һѰɽסġ
Ȼɱ¥һó󷨵Űԣ֪֪˴Ƿˡ
ʱ䲻ˡ
ϢصعţȻ֮ǰסСݡ
³һ첹ҹ±صðڷ¡
ɻĴﶼᵽ˴ֻûӣҲûаȥԭ
ϴҹ£ﻮ˲
ٶ룬˵Ѹٻҹ£кīдһš
һԲصŷϣò豭ѹţߵǰ
˿΢ס˴ӨС˿˿ƣӯϰƽһ
ճյŴϵˣĿ¶ʹ벻ᡣ
ǵһ߽ǰеˣһƹ⣬ȳ۵̶
С֪Լǵˣ˼޹Ծһ˶ɱ¥ĺɽϡ
ӱ˵ͳЦִ񣬹¶ª
Լһ֪ԭҲԭ˻ôԭԼĿ˿죬ԭһָо
һβҪ⴦̶ͷǣѾˡ
ǲŹģҲͷȻĵζԸһܿࡣ
¶ޣ£ҹްȾǳİãã
׷ˣҲ㣬ҡֹסĴֻһ˿϶ͣסδǡ
̰ظϢҲ֣ҪһһҪҡ
ʶ߽˸
һĨᶨһۣȻ죬ŰôʧҹĻС
ҹɾĵģʲôƽҲʲôδһ
ˡ
۽ǻһᣬݺһĨӣߺƭң
ҪۣҵͲ㣬͸۾һգ͵û
ίַ
*
̫ţʲô·ԶĴմԶӵĳһϸˣŭ졣
һԵĹֹ˵Ķʮˣ˼Ȧֻص㡣
ɽ·ˡ
ңҲãǺǺôҽȥģҲôϾҲ·ˣôѰء
ϸ˲˫ȣͨ£λʿӰգŹҴͶϱˣˡ
ңҸǿͷ˵ţͿͷ
ϴˣǰʮ˽Ϊɱ˲գ۵ɱ֣ûͬġ
ƻ̫ţúõ·ô˵Ͳػģϳ̴Ϸˣǣ˵ǲǣǲǣ
һ߿ӣǹò伿ɽּвͨЩ洦ɼ·ĴֲҲ㲻Ƥץӷε
ְסļ򣬳ɭɭ׹ǵ߸ߵڿһ˦һߡ
˻ô۾ܵľ󣬡˴Ӧǲ󷨡
ô죬ʦֲڣҡ
죡ٿأһ紵־ػܣҶɳɳ죬ͬΪɱ֣ΧĸıǼġ
زأװŪ磡
һ̲ľԱ
ɪɪûл
Цһһ̧𽣱㳯ϸ˴ȥ
һڿײǵ𻨣߰ս档
ұۿ䣬𵶣˭ض˵
ؿڵˣҧгݣ³ɺһ㡣
һĭһϣ׽̴ǣ¥ͣ
ʮ˵ռƻ߻ɢԳ̴ΪģذΧ
սһ

27 

ô׽ˣ
ѽ, ͰѺϡѡһţޱ˵˵ʲôţ
˵Ź, Ҿ͸ߡ
ԶԶԣ, ֵסˣҲ, ˡ
Ϊϸ
ԣһϸ
δͷ
˲òడ, ȱ첲, ôᣬҲֿζ
˵ϸϰ黹أסһ𡭡ѽ, ң
һƬ, һŮӴ, ߴߴʲôɱ¥ǲпڣ
ǣʦ˵, һȺү, Ŷءģرֱ, мƲƲ졣
ʵϲиһԵ˶½½뿪˲ӰãҲˡ
ɱ¥ĵȼƶԣ鱡Ѫ, ˻ȥΪЦȥײ¥ɱ֡
ֵ٩ֻǵ٩ﲻֵ壬˭ͨпɱ¾ѡγģû׼һ̸̻Цһ̾۶գһºε
ݣɱ¥֮
̣оֻʣǧͳˡ
ͷı飬ָ°ͣ۾һת˵ʦ㣬Ǻ˵Ǹ˽ʼĩ
ģ̌ͷ
ǵһЦʦְҰȻ𲻺õ飬Ц̡
ã
ȣ̫ҲԨԴġǧϲӣü
ðɺðɡֱ飬ʵ̫ŵĻ̴ǺһŮӳɻˣ֤ˡ
һöըǧͷĿѣһʱܲˣɱֵĻȴ򾲵˵һ飬ҷû塣
ҰŮ˳ɻˣ̽ؿı飬Ůӵñȡˣɴ˽ƻúܣ󷨡
´Ҵһȥ󷨣ŮǧУٴ̣֮Ϲͷˣòã
а˵ȴ
̴أǧ㱵
뿪ɱ¥֮ã¥ֶΣƲǷҲǲˡ
ŶȻȻһ֣ңввзϲϵģԭǸзϰ
ʦ㣬߰ȵҡ
*
Ժ졣
ԶĵϣһͰ͵ֽųһţ弫֪࣬˶ٱ顣
һûһµŴԴϴֲڵĹëĵҪǰ񵱳ҡξ͸ˡ

üһ򭣬
ȥİ
㣡ԣҪԼ
תƵԺһСųƲ˼ҲԳˣճϣȣʱͷƻǿزҪȫˣٵһϵأ̣
ԽԽ˷ܣ뵽ʱͰһ£һᡭ
ޣ
ô
أЦһϣôҲȥȱȱƲۣ졣
ţ۽ͻȻƳƾƨɣβһҡһҧʲô
תͷǡһֽ
ԭֽջߡ
ͻȻ۾Ȼ󣬡ڡһ鼱֮ȥȵƣ
졪
ƶһתͷΪҪ֣ѾӾܣһһڿСԺ׷
һԵɨ㣬ܱߴ򣬡㻹ңңţҪĿˮʪˣңҾ͡
Ŵһ֣ɨֱջ𷿣ŵŵóһеÿݵĴͷһ
Ȼƿ㲻ˣ̶۾նӡ
ͷ֮ǰ밢صظţǣʮӰ
ΪҲ֪ĶˣߣǵС˼ù𣿡۾Ƶô
ҹԹԹв˸ҵĶٲҾ
ʯ٣˭˭
ȻӲʹĶҲ֪ԼΣգҡβͣһ
ֺá
лһɲǣֽŴ£˵ʱʱ죬һȥۼֿؽ֮˻
Ͻ򿪲鿴۵šġȫ治Σһī
㣬ִ򣡡ŭȻѳ׼յŹͷˡ
һǻŭûص£ⱡͰ͵ֽͼմſˮֽɵÿһЩ
¹ңôһֽд˶̶̵ļ֣ҲûУȴһһ飬ʵûֽܰͷдݵ
ûӣ˼񣬼ӡ
ûϢûϢ˶ˣԼôֱˡ
ֽ̨ϣѹ˿ʯͷһ
ɫľ΢
ߣʲô˲ģͷôҲҪȥơߣƾʲôҾͲȥ棡
һֲһ֧ϿָףһȻͣ¶
˼شʱĹöǸϰߡ
Ƭ̣һĴȣ˵ɾ͸ɡ
ɹݶϵҩպãȻóһٱбǰΪ֯ģСպÿԷļҽߣżΪ㡣
İþߡɴһЩװҩƿƿ޹һȫװ˽ȥ
ִ¹˼ϴɫϵϰһɲǣʲôȻܵ齱ߣһƤ顣
һڵġʮա
С㱻Ҷ׷׽˻ȥǼҶ˸ƤڣСǰһֻ˳ĻüطżҶһ⣬üˮǼҶ̣ɲɣͬʱСǷʵıҲϵ
ûأ
ϧɫƤһ
˵СӢ߻ддǽиץӷΣϧд̫ˣ²ųһ
ҡҡͷѰٱ˳ȥݵķϣȥԺĶǡ
һ߼£ʱ˵ûιʳ񲻰װ׶
ԺСǶѳդѼʮֻһˡ
Ҳûι緹зԼȥһ˰ա
пǵıӰⰡ̾˿漴һԵɵϡ
´һֳ̾һӺʹ㣬ôɵűȥõ̾

شۣһ֣ˣŰɡ
ĸأ
Զ֪ǿƣлΧӱŵǣȥġ
ӣð鿴СԺ飬ŷģȻȥһ¡
С
ջСɢԼצӲǰߡ
ƹƹҵŲ
ףͷǱŰȥĵ̡
СҪˣң
ȰˣҪ²Żסձûˡ
˵ЩʲôͼС˸վ˶ϵëһԾӡ
˼󣬻ͷһۺ󣬱ʧߵ
һЦ֪ѡ
ˣ߰գҲ·աţԺդ˳ȥˡ
һһнԶҲʧСϡ
лҪ˵ҰŮˣ˭˭ҰŮˣ

28 

Сĸʾǰ, һŮϢؿżźͨǷƲƵֽϡɱ¥ۣĳ˼С
米С, ǣƹվԭһ
, Ϊε񻭵ͼɱʱеϤ
ԭ, ֻɱ¥Ǹʽĳפѡ֣ÿڸʾʱδȱϯ
бͨͨһŷС, ͬ, ֯ͨҲûͼ
ɱ¥ɱ¥, Զ, , Щһŷɥɱֽǳڴ֯
ؽӰȥ٣ֻҪǮ࣬Ƕ, Ϊҹص֯

, İȻǴɱܳģ
ҵطǽ, úЩѡ
СӣţϺɫ̫ͷĸսӵˣ̲סѯʡ
βڴ, ѵŲŲӣʵЩҡҡ׹ţ
ӴţӼдСһļ϶ͷĸǷֱĸӣٸǸƶһɴͦиػ˻İ峵ʱĴģΪ˶Ǯ
Ҳûӣ˺Щ˼ҸԸ򣬸ˣһĥ˺þҧǮſߵġ
ӻûȫ̶סЩҡҡλΣϲܷͷʱһŽɫֱײֱֱײ˹
ײ˸ܿƵسǰ˺üſסӡ
죬ߣ򣡡
㡪һͷŷ־ȻǸˡ
ĳ䣬Ҳ
Ϲ˴СһֻѾϰ峵һ٣ԴӰ̽˳
͵͵Ƴ۽е׺ݵĴƹֿŭŮӣ˶٣ͻȻһõЦݡ
λѣǸϿһ·գ𵢸ʱѽ
Ƥˣ⻹ԻģԻǷܹĽͻȻӿһȺˡ
ѹѹһƬŶڣϲŵòᡣ
ҪҪ͵һ䣬θе죬ǿߣ
˵ߴӲ֪ĸͳԪҲûţֽŲ˰峵
ʲôѽϳţһѳ
Ӧһĵ֣ɵؿĪǸС͵Ҹ㣬ҹ͵ģǲ㡭
Ļδȫ£ԪϲЦտĳͱһӣ·ˡ
ҵĹҵĹ

˶ĳתţܶҰţشС
õɫɴƮʣһƬⰻȻмΪۡ
ϥ̾һ࣬ԱͳһսߵĴƣ漫Сһ䣬һҪûˡ
С񱩷һǽ̵İ٬ЦݣžͲˡ
ضŶֵˣѰһ㶾ĳ롣
ֿ죬¶׵ݣΪε˦˦ͷ˽Ҫľ׺Ϳ

Сӣһѽ
뻺
Ůڰ׷۾˲ΣĴƹҲһԻæᣬλѣǺˡ
л˻˵Լǻ˵ģͷû֡
治ǻˣʮ˴Ǻˣ˵գؿͳһ߽ɫӡ
̫游ԭϣ꼰ڣδةʷʷ游ٽʿڱ£ʮݱ飬ڼ޲ް
ʳָպˮҳ游ˡ
һ׶ˮһ˿ͣ٣Ƥʮ˴һ顣
˺¡
ͣͣͣһĭϽͣһ㶼֪游˭סȢ޼λ
ǸˣȺΪ׷ܣ㻹˵͵˶
͵˲˼ЦǱÿݷǷ·̫̫ҪһãôӢֱᱻԩС͵
ԶһЩǡԿʣΪҪ׷ܣ
˵̾˿
˵һͨòײŴϻƪȡһЩõϢ
ԭֵʱǮ¶ִ󷽣Сһʱ̯ϵʲȫˣһŮͯҲõĿբһ²ˣΧСۺˣҪô߿࣬ҪôӲŮҪױģ
˵˲ҪҪҪ
ܵסȻ֮󼪣ΪϲߣžͷһĻˡ
꣬תͷƣһһشҲ̾һ
е
λѣʶԵʻˣ˸Ѿ˵ˣһѰ﷭͸
УλСӣԽԽ죬ǲѽ
ܾۿҪ˵ĻĵŶǰڽϲ㱻ײ
شЩҲסεһ˸⣺СӴȥǶ
Ҿ˵Ҳ֪
ԭ㱱ϣڸˡ
»֪ĵطСӣ㾡ܷ˵
ۣ赭д³֡ɱ¥
¥δȫ˵꣬ͱס͡
ָſʲô
꣡˽ŵƿõɫɴ̽̽ͷزӣ㲻Ҫɱ¥ܴͨ̽𣡡
Ҹ棬ǧסͷ֣
Ϊʲô⡣
ϽΪû֪ǵİӰǱĸ䣬ȥߺߣĽļˣ
СװҪӽ
˵˵Цⶼǽɱְ϶Ĵ
ʽćNɪǣ˶̲ס죿
٣㻹ɱְϵͷĸ˲ţƽְ
˵⣬ͻȻص֪ΪʲôС𣿡
Ϊʲô
ΪԣĵܣֻҪΪĿ꣬ӵĻǺǣ˻ǲӬһҧˣնΪĵ꣡
죬Ȫ顣
û⣡̧°ͣ˵Լ
겻ÿɷ̫ˡ
û㣬Ҫȥʲô
ҪȥҡţͻȻһ£ӱƨɣһ͵ߣ˵ƨɶҪѳˡ
һϣ˽Աʹƨ̽ͷȥѯʳ˺¡
Լɣָ֣ǰӶסˣŽأǻҪȥ


29 

˳ָķ, ңң˳ǽֻͷ˿ӿӻ
ǰݺ, ӻͦصѽӳ̽壬һֳų, һֵչ⡣
³ֽ, ƼسƿһƼݵĸˣҪǵĺΧƺںسִ
ѽ, ȥͲһܽݳϺб, ڵ˵
ѣۻȥ
ȥôȥÿɴ, ȥ
һ, ѺǣҾӭѶϵʣ
û, ϺԥԥؿڹԪ̾ϧӼǰ
׽, سú, ǳļ϶ӵȥ, ׼𳤹һ׼ΨΨŵŵбٸǰˡ
ְĿۼõɫţϣиųıԵ, ţ߿ధ
ͷݻвмŽţϷǿõĵط๸һͬĺӣǸԵġ
ǺҧָͷһײײظĸףվòȣȻǶ˶ա
ЩĲ̣ﻹһͷһóͶעĿ⡣
㻹гʳ𣿡ԥ
սԼİҰ
ҲǲԼãȵҲ˵Сֻô࣬㶫Ҳѽ
ֻӡü
ÿɴ͵͵ͷ
ûǸһõ֣ͷһµгԵģгԵģҿˣöԵģ
ûϵһһ£˸ˣԭһ߲Ľð̹һӵϡ
һɺЩﱻҰǰΧʱΡ
򣬿ߣһԣߣԼҲŻŵ̽ȥĴţƨɡ
ӹٶţˣæǼߵԵİ£
ҡΣɴͷź׷ӿ

ʵһֱʦЩν˷ʱ䡱Ļֵþη޶á
λӲţҧһڵĸ˴
ҲûУֻѴҵעΪ˽ԼĴڸλеͷǵģһССͷ
ֻȥ
롰ȥȣԼ˷ֵһᡣ
ЩƣҲЩãȻ
񣬺ͷ˲Ųܣ׷ý󺰴šţ۾ģҪͷţϵ˶̻һ
ţ˾ţһǰڣСϿٶȾȻһҲ
ɿ˰峵ϵˣߵ÷ڰһҲҶмĴŶֻŽץŰӣëңβءءһһû˵Ĺ
͸Ϊˣͷ棬һŻһ£һζƮŵŻˡ
Ϻɫŵȥӣţí˾ǰ壬¿ɺãֻǱؽŰ峵Լȥ
ĸѾɢ˼ܣɴƷڵϣѱɵӰȴ·ϳǰšֱţֲת䣬ǶҪݴˡ
оգţûþˡ
*
һʮ죬㱱ȥ꾩ɱؾİѾ˳ǣһ·շתݡ
ݿɲǸȥ
ַݣǴӳģ;г˿ҲѧˣǼҡ˼˵Ĵֲ£һɫͷסֻ¶һ˫۾
˶յ·ͷ¶ޣװҲǻͷ㲵ӡһ·ĴĿĵľǸСĽ
￴Ϊһֻ׺ݵؽԷԻҳũҲĿùʳĿľˣһҹûţغã񿴵ˣֱ̰ųͷ˹ǵʱܵÿ죬Ҳţһͬˡ
ΪһڷͬУʳ⣬֮ǰ붼飬ʱȷȷʵʵǷˡ
ǳĬƫƧĵʻţ·żʬţͣڲݣֻԽӽݣϵֲԽ١
⼸쾫ͷãԵΣҪ˯޷ȣܴӺоѡ
֪Լ˳ǷǴˣÿÿҹ˾ʱڰ峵ϵԲ£ܻʲô֪Լ࣬᲻ڣ᲻ۡ
ܻİ§ŴƣĬĬᡣ

·߸õʬԽԽ࣬Щʬ嶼¶ڿУЩǱݷõģЩ򱻳ʳö¶׹ˡ
Щԣʬ̫ˡ
һɲõԤУͣ³ȥЩʬ塣
ʬ߲ƣŲһ˺üʬ壬֢״һһϣԤ֤ʵһƨ˵ϡ
ߡ
һս֣Ӧˣ°ڰѱӸˡ
ǰֲǰֻŽŽ
Ϻ״һ·˻˵ͷڸ˵˵ʲôҲҪԭ·ȥ
Ҳ͵ͷû뵽ᷢص飬⳵Ѵһ뵽˵ķգ
ǰûĺԣôҲ֪Ժ߰
ûɲܰԼСҲȥѽ
ܻȥֹ
ǻزȥˣݳڵĴһҲˣոݸҲõϢǷصʱȻûʹ죬Ҳݵİһڳ⣡
£ߣ䣬ӣЩǶһһ̹ˡ
֪ߣ͸˽ȥˣ˭֪ûȾϣȾ˾ˡ
ϺɫҰףһֻͨ棬Ҳǵ
ô죿
ǰԶԶĳǽЦǻбѡ𣿡
ʳҲûˣϵƣϵĴǼû˷˳ĬֻܼǰС
ǿǰһˣ
ż׵·룬һ·ϵˡ
ţƹۼطֶһ¡
ʲô³һɲǣۼֿץס
ͣ
š
㲻ҪͲȾߴһ죿⳵Ӵе⡣
ĬĬǴҪȾϵġ
⻰˵Ϻһ㶡
ߣοɼаӿڱǶ롣ûʳҪˮҲҪڵ״ҲǡӲġ
ţȷʵߣҡ취
ǣߴĳǽǰǿڴ󿪣
Դͷ


30 

һƬʬɽҰ, ŮЪ˹ʳ˿ң촽, ȫԭò
ȥΪ׳ΧסڵָסɪɪŮ, ȥƵ߲ԼϸӲƵͷ
ҪǲҪķõǸӴֱĶԴ, ҧ촽޹⣬ֻʣ»Ұܺ;
ɳ, ǧ
, Ⱦҡ

ͷ󺹴جоѣŲбۣϵ˿ʹ, ǰֻ, ֱ, 
һʱ־ԼģúõشڲɽΣա
齣ӻͳһɫɰ, ͷԲ״
˼
ɽɱ¥;зֵ, ֪ʱѽ˼ҹ
ٰζӿͷ, 룬֪ġ
ԽǿɬѵԸʲô֪ǵȥ, ֪ҲһֻĬĬܡ
վǹ
ξ棬Ըٻ룬ָȴ̲סĦ˼οԼҵġ
ʱ洫̹ӣҼѡ
ӣպúɰ޲֪ˡ
·һˣ뷽ɫʹģˣֻһִȴԸصߡ
϶̵˿ԾʹСߵջһͷ治ɫصϥڵϣЦӯӯ˵μӣ
֮ǲԶǧϸݼȵ̫Ԫء
ԪЦŷֵܲ˶ҵľˣǸɿЩ
ֲСİδȬ˿ڣ̣üëûжһ¡
˵ʵԪض˺ϲ˵Լ·ʱһ˵ǿգҲĿ࿴
գǽܸ򫣬ԸضȺսһ˵˻ϧѽ
·ܿӢϧӢ۵ĳˣ
ڲЩʱǰЩӳֵ͢ղҶ·ʧ٣͢ը˹ű𼱻ǵƹ̯ӡ
ͻߣ֡
ֻǺҶʧٵù죬Լ·˷ͷֻжHأ
ǴѾȥͳĴȥˣȥתת
ĲУģ̫尯ϮԲѣӣȴѾ͵͵ݳǡ
*
ڵСҽһ˫ڴĿתѣϲѣ̫ˣ
ѽСӺǳҲʼĿ࿴Ҫ֪ǰЩһֱԹһֱ˵ԼЩ
ССջش֣ǫ
Сʦ˵츳ߣֲԼβѧһ죬ɽҲ˷ѡ
ȴôŮݲȵ飬г棬˵ʲôͷȻ˱£֪Ҳεúõġ
δڽһˣ
˻ǵ񽥽ɫƣ֪Լ˾˺ųлҪߡ
λүѽٱڿһԽ֣Ȱ
˳̾һλϲ֪ǳ͢ɵղϿͿַȼðգˣ˴ﲻˡѽ
ôмк飿´һҪ˵ղ²鵼¸Ⱦ߲Ҳ˵ùȥɰӦݵȥβôεڳأ
ʱ˵գҴĶ顭
˵꣬Բŵ۾Ȼ˴󵨣£ǾҲҡ
ЩϷҽݸʲôͻȻһŭſ
һˣֻһҽݣʱżˣͷ˱ΪҲȥˡ
ûȴɱˡ
ǡǾǽ衭ŵؽš
ǾˣϲҪôС⳵أƣⲻȾߵ˶κˣٺǰļ
ȥ֣εس뷢׵ϴЦЦҽߣ֪ЩҽߺǼɻþߡ
ǹëʦ
Ⱥƭӣ˵ξεģүүûⱾ£ͻȻһŮ˽
ʲôҼҽݣ˹ûòװװӻ˵İգ㣬ƭ˱ˣƭңһٴóƵϸɾĹ˹мǡ
Ũصĵ⣬ͬҲҽٮٮߣԼүүûε߲ȴŮѾκˣ
ЦǰҲϸ룡
ûӣ
ǣҪװģôǿŵĲժҲװģ㻹ʲôЦ
㡪ָòС
ˣ
˵Ŀǵ棿ͷֻע⵽һ䣬Ů۷Źʵ
õ϶ȲԽˣ齿첽ȥ
Ҫ֤
ӣҲǺҶϵֲشߵ⡣
ǵģͷƣĸоǴںöˡ
ͷųӣȷ֢֮ס
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻվͲס͵ͷСŮޣ˵˵ô쵽ģ
үүĶţЩҲסϾԼŷŹݻԼүүȴ̬
н˶ܹˣʣµĶǵ˲ܲˣҽݵϴȴɿðŷݣһֵ𾴡
̬ϸؽԼƷ˵ϴ˺ü⣬ʦкδҲˡ
ɽҩũʦСףϾ˭Ҳ֪ǷɶСΪ
ҩũϴ룬ʿˣͽҽ˸͸˵ˡ˹治һƷԻ˾
СŮޣȥһˣ˵˵мһЩġ
Ч۲ϼ졭˵Щʲôǰͷǿһɴסڱǡ
£Ļȵˣ˵գʹҴææˡ
һүүҪȥǸշصڣæȵȣҲȥ
ŷӣ˵ճ̡
*
ԪصһۿֺĲ󣬽ϿյˣǽǴѷʬ壬ȭͷĺ޼ɵڵ·ҴܣʳЩõʬ壬Ϸ֣ҧأؿڳбŭ
⻹ʱжġ⻹ǽСϽϣڡ
Ӿϴһʱ޷ܡ
Ĭظû˵û߶ԶǾͿһʩ̯
̯ǸɴŮӣװӦǸδС㣬ɫ̯ͣǰŶӵİʩ࣬ż˶зݡ
סҲڲס˵üɫ
ĽŲһ١
ôˣԪʡ
ҡҡͷǰȥ
С㣬ǴӹٸõԪغɫ
һ԰ͰСǺԱҵС㣬ǸԼ֣ôͱɳ͢أ
񡣡ŮӺǳᣬһҲûС
ĵǵĽ̸䵭Ȼһ̧ͷ㿴˴ӽֿ߹
ֻǲƬƿۣԳǹϣʲô
лҪ˵ɵӣѽ׽

31 

ԶԶسǶȺƳһۡ
ڲʩ
ֶ, һЩˣԴǽǵһοôˡ
ĸ˼ʩ£ǿЩ߰ա߲, żȥڡ
ͻȻ۽һӰȺһζ, ţŲ
⻹ʣ۾֪, Ƕ룬û۾Ľһ壬ǰ, 㵽ȥȥ
ڰ, һɻôǸλȰȵջ, ʡñء
, Ǳص鲻, Ƣλ𲻾͸ˣأɶѭûͷˡ
̾һ, תˡ
һɲ, ǡһĿ⿴˹
ĸ뷢, ϸȵתһȦͻȻһס죬֮¶һЦݡ
˶ڲԶĳǽͷһȥˡ
ſ۲ӵ, ԵʬԼʱʱܳʱס˽š
ķʬ嶼㲻ò˭ò
ʱͷÿӹˣʵ̲סǰ˵λǰľǱҷḻʬȫѷǰװ˴ȾķΪβжԴͷ촦ˣ
ͷһ㶣Ĵ´һĵǸƢ
⻰ȴ˵һֹʬ岻ʱױߣ˴ݸûдλˮȥ󣬲ʬûмʱգŵİҲûúðãŵ˲ʹľ档
ɴ̾˿ϷҲǲãʬԼͨͨҪգɸֲˣʱʱ̶̿ˣţ
ôݸܲˣʵ˼飬ѲŵҲȾ˲
ͷһۣԲ˵һõĿˡ
̰үүҩͶŲˣǣôסүү޶ûϹˣ
˵⣬ԭǹ˵鶼׵Ժ󣬡²֪ǰ̫صĺãĳЩˣһ¾͵ͷڹ꣬ʲôʲô£ߣ
ס죬ģͷ
һЩίүүǸ棬ǰҽۡ
ͻȻͷ
ѽ˺ˣЩͷ۵£Сϰ˵κѾȾ߲ˣǹȥ֡
һţżªĲϯ˻ɻˣĬؿŲϯһʹĲˣвζ
򣬾ȾңȾҡͻȻ䣬һ͵סĽţ⧲һ
ؽȹϵƴذοУġ
תͷǶĵģֻŰˣϡ
죬ҡҡͷ
ȵ۹жһסӵָشƬְ̣ѹͳɿļλѯһЩ⡣
Ӽһֱʹ࣬ۿߵһƽ̧ȥˣűˮûׯᣬߡ
Ĵһֶֻùй˼ʹͱߵĥйעһץסǸס
ԭΪֻõһϤĻû뵽´ͣκϡͿش⡣
á
棿ϲ
ֺ˼˵֢״޼źɴֻ¶һ˫۾Ǵʱ˫۾ȴ͸ŷļᶨ
ã
Ȼû״ı·ʲôֲסز
ϲʮ̲סĨ۾ͣллллл򡭡
Ǹҩԭȵ䷽ģ򿴹ܾϲ˵ȥҩˡ
ڣĳΧŶĲȼϣƣһӾͱΧסˡ
ûֻģһӺ£Ŷһ
ǰûԵģǰ̻Դκһ¶Ҫ棬ΪǶǶԵȵġ
Ȼʼվһʬôչ鲻ס
ʱը
ż϶ܹȥѯʰߣ˭¡
ͷͣĶסҡͷû£µĻϸұŹܳˡ
ݵĸã
ҪҸãҴȥһԵ֧ͻȻ廰֪ģҴȥұ
˵ţץ־Ͱ
⺢ӡҡҡͷôαŸôѧԡ
ſң˦űץ۵ֵֹؿ
ʲôֲĵôԣ˺ģ
ֲڰ㣬ǰݳǣԩˣĺһ̬ȼֱҷһ
Žɵظһȱʯʨͷưܸá
ûƭɣڿϵ֣
һۣȷʵûƭˣǰȥġǹ˺óʱҲûš
ģȥߵĴš
ͭһһײͭˡ
Ҹ㣬֪̫ظĶǻȥˡʱִǰ˵
ԼҪסȻһƿͷҲصߡ
ιҽǰ㣡ûں
صҽݣһѳɴ͹˺üˮĻƽϢЩ
ˡ
ߴߴ˵ʲôأȥ֮զͷ
ҵĹأһȦûҵơ
Լܳȥˣסֵ̯
æ𣿡Щˣȱľʳ׽ȥųˣ
ⲻס⹷ôִģȵңҸһȥҡ
ԪڳѲһȦ˸µ˽⡣Ŀǰ˹£õ۾ȥѰʧ˵ղ̫ڼæſտдۣһû벹ȴʩûַȼðգеܡ

Ԫаѹ֬൹һ֣ؼʱͻڿΪ˴ڣ͢㽵˰ҲϺӡ
һ·ڹ۲ִһ·òѯʵظ˰֮ߣ鱨˵ɢ¡
ɱ¥İ̽ҲܣȻҲա
ʱԪصСܹӣ˵˵˸ҽҩģ⣬о
˻棿ԪļСӵʧ̬˵ͷ
̫ˣ̫ˣҶȥʣߵĲǳڶթеҲٿڶ飬ȥ
ԡҽرУΪİҲҽҽ϶ҽã
ȻҲֻԼĬ
һ·ζڣһС͵̧ͷǸϤӰ
³ͷ׼ȥʱһ˫ִӰס죬ϽС
һٿȻתյӰҲûС
ţؽŴƵĹ졣
̶С޹ۣ޹޹ó
ǹһⰡʹļףɸֵ
Ȼҵ˾Ϳ߰ɣҪǻȥٽɣ˵ġСӰ˸¡
һ֪ʡģԹԹϱˡ
Ųһ٣ࡰ顱ؿԪغС˲Ŀ£еͷӬһڴѰ


32 

޵ĿջҽݵĲԶ, ֵĵ̶ưܵľǱӹһ㣬Ͷ⴦ջ, ҲΪ档
Ź˶¥ͷȫ, Ҳմ˽ͣ¥Ҫˮ, ƹϹɴ̲ؿһۣû, û, ԼȥԺľˮ
ƳƹƣӦһȴ˹
ؽڴִ, ϼ, λ, һ֪ǳϰ֮ˡ
¥ļ䷿һˣȷʵסĺۼ
ߺʱҳţԼĵӹӲ, ˽ʿ, һ־ǳ͢ˡ
߾ͱȽ΢ˡ
Ǹվһ͢ղ, ֧ĶջѾ˽˻ˮˡ
ƲƲ죬ת̾ѣʵʵȥˮˡ
, ͵͵ͷʹ˸˵񣬡㣡ȻɧתŤطˡ
ͷллֻδ˵ھͱǿȥˡ
˶첲顱ع˷š
һСڣһڣܿһͷûӰӣŰ뱥Ķӵڴϣޱȵػɽϵʱ⡣
ԺȲڰ飬Լ׺ʱܻصȥأ
ҹϣƶ˶䣬ʶط˸
ӣѶԽӰ׮λѴ̽
Ԫĵôָ󹴴һЦá
վȥ̽̽ʵҪ̫ػزصסˮˣ
ӣλʿŹ򡭡ƺ򵥡Сԥ
Ԫرһɣʮأʲôûλճ̵Сֵ͸һͲն֮ˣġ
£öˡ
ա
Ŵƺ˯ԶԶƼ˺ҽǰġ
Ҿ֪һģһ⡣
Ϊʲôû
֪⻹⣬ʵû㶮һĵڵʲô
ô˰ŹǷĴ󹷡
ܴŶǻȥˡνذ˰֡
ߣļˣһסԴ
ü
ôѰһ·ϣʮ磬Ҫȥ̫أŮô
ǶЩ·ҪȽ㴩
Ҫϴɾ
УʱҪСģҷĵ˸ߣҪģ𣿡
˵Իĳ̶ȣ˵Ƥĺˡ
ĬĬһָۣתͷ
һߣԪùţҲŰȥ̫ظ
·ϣǡʩλԱС㡣
ūӨ񣬹ӻūӨɡСΪ󷽣ԪС΢Ŀ
ԸЩλ
Щ㱣˵ԼաʱҲ̧ͷһۡ
˵̣統̫صͼʳֿźӨΪؽԼĸ밲̫˽ãЩ·
һļϣ˻ϲϲ̫ظˡ
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ÿ̫ظǰǸλϷͷԴ˶ˡ
ĽŶԭأͷȴ۾һֱֱȻ󡭡ԽȲץԱ˵֡
İʲô㴵ǿǺСүʮŹ⻬ϸ۵С֣ϣ޲ðⷳ۵ɴ¡
Ҳͻ˼ˣҷŷʮ߾ͼҴҸˡ
Ӷس֣Ц̫˵Цˣ
֮СǵɽϷȴ۶ֵĵù
ԩ·խ
򶨣û£ɴӦϲ
ƺ֪һ·ԶֳһСأסǼ̸㣬۷ֱضˮ
ּĵԴöȻˣ治ǡ̫ظ
̫ˣ
רݷģλǰǵļ
ӵ߹汻żȵԱճߣͻȻһֲõԤС
ǣ߰ɿ쵽һ
ɴء
㶼ˣֻѸסԼİ
ĵϲֻ鷢չЩϡ
㡪죬׷˰죬ͻȻҧгݵ
Ҳң
㣡СƤСүÿ࣬һ¶ܷΪ㣡ŭȴӦסˡ
ʲôظʲôأͦظײӣȴ߯ײ
̧°ͣÿݵͷȴڱٻơ
ǰ´һۣͻȻЦҵʲôҸԭǸôͻ˸С
һƨ£һƿ񣬸һͷķ
ССС
û۾
٣СƤ֪֪Сүҵ
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˵˰˾黹ҡ
˵ͱ졣۶ʵЩһ˶ˡ
ðԭСүңԣáٺ٣ȥСүȻӦ㣡˵ţ
Це㷴θһԵĴƳ׼ʱһԾϡꡱҧסӡ
ţţȥֹ˾ţԲһӵڵϣ˦ƿڴ
ƣɵƯЦ
ܿ˼ˣѵصĶһͻ⼸Ȼۡ
òأȴС˼Ҷ
ƿɿ죬ʮֻͷڴﶫһһ£̼ҳһࡣ
ҲҰϣָܻ񣬷ϴ󾢶Ŵӵ
һǾҵһ棡к˵ļһѳֱв
Ҿͺúø㳤أ˸Ǹʲô̬ȣ
һֱأֹǶѵϹͷʹڴŵһ£Ҫһһֻ
СŮ˯ˣſ
뵽ڵɫڶ˷ˡ
Сүߣ㳢ʲôˣ첲ûУ㲻ɣ
ĵЦŻŵĳ붼ڷ
֣ӵױŮӴһԼͱرߡ
ҧһȦȦĲӣл̽򲻵ѡ
Ҫ֣ͻȻһιֱһɣĲҽڶ
ãȻ̧ͷֻһۣͶ˼ҹ뼫˼
ߵƺȥؿ·ܾʣˡ
ץ˵ĴֲָսΣǱƲͷ
һʶظˣϵĲҽҲ֮
лӴȡۿ˵һ䣬ʹҴҼϵɴ
۾ԭԵŭ̼йսȭͷһֱֱıӰ
лҪ˵񱩷Ųҡ

33 

סؿĳ嶯, ӣѼҪ˻ȥ
ʲôֽԼѿģȥ
Լɢͷ, ȫ𵽶
·ʱݺݵصһ޹̬ģȴ߸, Խ֮˵ϡ
ˡ
أҪˣﶼЩʲôħ֣
ķ
Ŀķ˿ɨ˵ٵĥĲЬ, ͣڷűϡ
۵һһֻꡱһ, ɱĽ쳹á
, ˡ
񡢼ץԼģĿɿڴؿǶ淴۵ֱۣԭ˵
ʲôڴʱ, ⴫һŭ, һԲ˵ײ˵ڵϴеϡ
Ҷ, Ҷżǰȴҵ֣˸ĲҽС
۸ŵϵ־磬ֻ򱳺ĺ졭
۴жӯ, ȥ, ǧ򲻸öİͷ
ǡ, ճʣͻȻ˻ȥ
תͷؿ滺Цӡ
ԪûǴǸ鲼ĽСŮӣһЦ, ǰҲ֪Ƿ⣬ǡõ˰ǰ档
Цݣ̫شˣ۸ղŻûأ̲أҿ·æҪģ
Ҷٲʹ˰ݵģˣŭĿӣղ̸Цһʵһɨա
תͷŭָŰڵķ򣬡ץ
ͷôôȵϷҳѣλӲǰǰ
ȡԪ죬һ
ԣǰȣͬصͷһѽԼ
Ǻܿ죬;ûһ䡣
ſѵĸ첲·ʱǹʧˣ﷢ëΧͷϷĵ֡
ôˣӨһã｣ŵˣԾ
شһŭ
ϣǷͰ𣡡ﾲֻ֮˵ʹ຿УˣŲ˭Ĵ֮ĶӾԣ
Ԫż˴˽۾ͻȻ´ŲڰǰĲӣ˳ſкѽС㣬æˡ
ǰûһӵϵļˣſֽţֻǰģһŵǣŹ۾̲סǵӰ
ӰûǼȻ׵رſڵϣˡ
͵˼ۣȷûˣҲûԿԾ˽ļֶƲۡ
±һ˺бһƬ̫ŭֱš
ֱ̫̫
ʱһӰӨ˵ǰȿ˿ڣҽιӵֱΪҪ˵أ
ӯӯŰ࣬ǰ൹漣ûб
ѽɵֱҪ˵ЩһҽεʱˡԪҲҡӵ
Ҳ֪Ƿ˵˰̫صĿһһ䣬ǰȸסˡ
ԲȥʽӨԸԼСˡ
һѷĴΣϷȥҽΣ
ɱ׼˻᲻ء
תۿɴˣץʱӦҲ죬ٿƮװ磬ﲻһ˿Ľ
ԣ˭׼ߣڲȷҶ֮ǰһҲ뿪ѶСط̫ʦϣһɨȥ
Ȼܲأ˸̧֡ԪЦŹֵ
ֻ̬棬仰ͷ뻰ԴһӺݻģ˷ֺܲǵͷһ
ĳν̲סһۡ
̫һ̬죬ɻվ̫ظĴ
ڼУӨһ꺮ůԱЦݲ䣬ǣŹ죬ýѹһֱܳĹӣֱض潿Сˡ
м䱳ž޵ĺӣܾƺĶء
˶ĬʱһԴӿʼʹڸмĶˡ
۾ŹһŲұߣĽؿ̣̹ӣ㻹ǵʼģǸβ˵Ĵ򡣡
ںе񱻴ϣŰͷת
ǣңҽġ߶ϵһɲǣöʹȥˡ
ӣ֣߳˵ĳ⣬ⲻķ
ŴƵĽһ٣ؿ˹ȥȴ˾Ȼ顱š
Ʋסһûƺãơءһ
Ϊ֪ǺİһģŬйһ飬˱ƽǱƽӰУ˶û١
ֻһ⡣
ǸλҺûκӡ󡣡
˵ְ꣬Ͷ֧͵СŮˡ
ǸǸǸ
ߺޣҧˡ
ͬʱҲִƱ޹ۣæɿһɿ֪Լˡ
ֻƥֵҰ棬ҡβǽУеò
˵Ŀⶼۼ
òҪҪģ׷ŹǳƣɿҲ±࣡
仰븧ƹԴ˶һ١
һڵϵӣȴû뵽ԸƴŹ˹
˫һգ˵뷨ûˣԼԽԽ
۾ؽһʺǰĹʺʱͻȻ䴩һֻ֣ؽ§˿ʵ
Ϥȵ˶һֿȱһ˻Ĵ
۾§
˼ҹ룬ǣӵİ
ļ۾˲Ϣ侲ƿлӵڶδ֮
лҪ˵ߣôף

34 

ľ㵵ؿһϵС¹ʡ, ǵģ¹ʣӦǰϵ֡
컯, ʲô
۾ջ֣һϸϸ, Ҫ˵ԼҪǸղűݺһˡ
ˣ
ָٱǺնϳɢ, ߲ǡƵĿЦ񲣿
ʱʾ֭Դһ, , ײ㡭
ǡ
ôžͷ
˵ǾͲǡһ, ôֱڰֱߡ
һ, Ԫ·̫ʦ۾ЦеؿⳡϷ, ԱߵӨ̽Ŀ⿴
ʲôǱٵĸۡ˭׼̫۵ذŶ, תͷǳ
һ, ¶ɢ, ָղ䵭Ļ·һˮ£һƬ
̽һ㣬ȴ˽м˸գ̶С۾ͷеؿĴƹ

ܵ谭, ȥͻȻʲô̧ͷλɲɷӨĹŰ
˼Ƭ̣մ֡
ʱͷҩϵڶν̫ظˡ
򣬿죡Ҷƣ̫ؿλó
ͷ߽ˣŷԼŮλСҽﷸֹôˣ
ɻɻҲɵȥʣǰ鿴һҡҡͷ
ô˴򣬿ǲΣ̫طӽŵ
ɡٴҡͷǵð̫ؽŶվˡ
ôͲˣϸС
˭˵ˣͷź룬ҼһǰɵֶҲҸεģôһҲˣ
ֻͬһϷϷҽʮҲټš
̫һ졣
ͷҩóɱĲҽְֻ֣ϹмԺ󶼲Ҫ̫ˡ
һȴһѴ
ץҶˣⶾ뿪ŭĿгݡ
ЦʲôĵʲôĶӣ˶˵ﷴˡ
ˣ򲻿ɣͷһæλСҽҽտߣ֣ݲٷ߲ˣ
תǰû뵽ģһתͻȻ뵽ؼһ㣺ȻҽΪβҶβ
̶ֳȣòҳ֡ЦҡͷͻȻһתλСҲǸأ
Ӱ̽ͷЦźĴ˸к
ƤģһͷеĴƣԥһºǲźۼýŽһŲұߣԼռ˿ȱ
û뵽Լϣƿߣ⣬ȴְ̫һͻͷ
ˣǧץѽǰͷٴ˵
һתȻ֪ץ˲ǽǸԹ˲ϾѺ߲ĴʿɾͲһˡ
ǽҾȲ׷Ұ߿ˣ
ʽЦˣֱۺϾˣҿҪģ۸񲻷ѽ
𣿺ÿŮӣѵǰΪ㻹Ҫ𣿡಻˼ָ
ҽߣһҲͣҪԷѽǲŲæ
ҲñĴ档
ʲô̫ʡ
ˣ°ָͣ㲻ԶſµļˣҿǾͲ
ˣ룬˿ԣֻҪǮǶ¶
ԡ
̫شˣ֮ǰǵΣ۸ǲеġ˰ԪؼʱãЦ
⡭֪۸Լռ˱ˣҲ֪Լٲȳ͢ڶˣѹѹ۸
Ԫ²ʲôҲգŷѽӣʵղ̸ҲС
УǾô۸ɡ
ֵ⡭
ҸþʣôˣĶȥʬˣԼŰɣټȥˣһӣ˰Ѷ̧ԺԼҲˡ
ԪػζŸղԴŵı飬ֻһ䡰ղͼӦˣղʧ٣޿ȥѰͨСҲҲˣʱ۸񻹲ǰ˵㣿
ȴַӦȤ
Ө밲ҲջĿ⣬ǰȥˡ
һߣʣˡ
ֱ´ȲֵĹӣҧŴ˼Ƭ̺󣬿ڵЩҪģλӿɷϼգ
µȽϼλɷҲи㣿ԪЦе̫ʦϣʯ
Ҫȥ˵ġ
Ҳȥ˵ġ
ôѧ㣡ˣݳǵʬ岻ɾκĲҲѱٱֶֺα
ȰҪ˽а壬õصһۡ
ԪؽǵС۵ףҡҡͷҲˣҪȥտŶӣνȥ
ҪȥʳһղԼ̸ʲôͼʳ¡
Ϊβ˵ϲˣһ仰˵ƫҪôá
ô࣬ôһ
üͦεĺ꣬ƲƲ죬ڰϲʮתͷȥȵǾһһ룬һ룬һ룬Ҷˡ
ԡԪ˼Ƭ̣һá
ˣֱԽԱߵˣżȲԸĴƣߵżʱ߲ͣߣ
ԭЩİ͵̧ͷȴ߸ԼϣǷǰͷϡ
̧ĽŲջأˡ
ôõϷҲˣ˸վ𣬡ˡ
ۿӰԽԽСˣҪ׷ȥȴһԵİסˡ
̹ӣүүҲĴ򡭡ҿոǿǲꣿ
ѽֵ˵˵ҲһԪȫǿֲ´һ԰ǻ
ͷ
ѣôͣˣͻȻͣˣЩ
ֱͦ䣬ֻվ˺þãҲаӰ׷һţöˡ
ôôˣѣѽ
ڰ˾һͼæʩչṦ׷ȥȸˣŷסͬһջ
ʲô㲻㾡ȥҲرҪæģȥ
ɫһѽƳ˽ȥع˷š
űӣûӦ䡰áʲô˼
Ҽǵ㣬㲻ǵɽһѵĴֵ̽ͷ˳سк
ҼǵõҳѻԱأ
վѽѽֵܣҷ׳а֦
ٴο۽յķţĬĬս֦


35 

, Ůţܹţһ, ҪˣȰ
ǣ˵Ҫ, Ҳ򵥡ͻȻһתͰŸ, ԶԶԣžС
ôţЩС, ʱ, Сһٰ·ôһ¶Ĵؼ, ʱԹ
һ㶮á, ˿ûע⵽ʱ·ڵͫס
ĻԽ˵ԽԾ, ߣȴڱԹЩľ
һ
価Щ˷ɧһһ䶼ˡ

Ĭ, Ϸ, һ, ؿڲźɰλãŰ塣
ܿˡ
*
һ죬ߵܸܵ˸Ȼһתͷ, ֻƼƬɫ½ǡ
Ʋ죬ʲô˼һû书ƽˣѵ㲶׽ɱ¥ɱֵ٣
ͲصøɴЩ¶βͳʲô
һҪȥʺüˣ˹۲첡˵ҪϵݳǼ붫ľ߲鿴ˮûܵȾ
ҲûţȥһȥźӺʬȥˡ
糿ӿջżڵĴȥˮʣٵҹؿջܸܵĴڡ
ָоȷʵܸܵϢ·ںδõǣֻܰͷ±á
Լæʱָоʧ²ǶʱҲȥˡ
ſذڷһݷˣѵõʳȡ
°ͣԴϵķˣӽֲҽӽתͷǰצԵŹӵĹֹʵʵҲûô
ֻҪϸҵΪʲôǶΪʲôҪңҾͲôˡ
ʲôԣ᳢ȥ
ܼ򵥵ĶԲԣƣ˵ǸľԴôģ
Թ
ҪŬŬԼԭգ
*
̫ظ
üͷһ˫⼷ü˷С۾ðһ⣬˵һֱ
ǵģһûϹҲ֪ôҲ
ô˵
Ҳ˵Լˣʳǵ˶ڳſڽӵġ
ſڣҲ˵Ҳ֪ĻԴ
ԡ
Ŵ̵ֶָﲻͣ߶ſڣſڡ
ͻȻ͵۾һӣˣ
ȥ֪ͨǵˣϿȥ֣ææӰƳ𼱻ǳţӷѾ߶˲ˡ
ֿ󿪣࿴ſ˴֣ҡҡ׹һûЩ˹ȥ
ӣаȳ²ʵǸ
ԪҡӣϺ꾫úܣС¼ӿ춯
ǡ
ºĵذ׹š
ߵսǳӭײһŻŵˡ
һѷסüͷ𣬡⡭ˣ
Ҷٿضס̫ӵ£
ԪؼɫҪĺҶɫѵõ࣬ȥ˵
Ҷûסʣ⣬ҿջ䡣⼸Ҳ°ѲȾˣһڷû
ˬЩżݳǵѰȥ̫ʧĲȴʩ
֪˴Լ²Ž˿ӣ֮򲻿ɱ⣬վǹȥ
ǴСģиĸֵܽũޱһˮ˶ѰǶô𶥵ĴѻߣǱŰȥ
ĹѰų̫ظû뵽յ̫ظǽΧһ˹شӲų
òд󺧣ˣٷ˽ٳʱٷ˵֣ϵ󵶰̣
һ׹ѣǽ䣬̫Ҳ͵ǡ
겻ػصջȴû뵽ײ˹ˡ
оȡ
̧ظŭһѽϵĴɨڵϣëСҲڱٵĵҰˣ٣
ˣѵ̽
*
ҹĻƣصջֹôղš
һţֵػܣɻ𿪡
ȼУգ۾˺þãҡҷУǲԾ
ǵģˡѹǣֵö쿴ˣϽס
ô˵廹ǳʵģȲ齣С˳
Ѷɫģʽ΢𣬾ôϱȻȻȥԥջСɱߵġ
׵첽š
ЩȸԾ⻹һԼأǰЩ
˵ʲôأ
ðҴˣҲ㣬ԺҵСҼߵ
ǡͻȻЦȻֹ
Ŵ󿪣Ȼתͷ
͡
һƬУ뻮һ˵Ĳʺɫŭˣһ˼һ
غһ˱ԭȵĿȻʹ˸ɫ
һĬصͷϵգۼǰһһԾ´ʧ
ϣͽһţԼһɫ
ɫԺ淺Ų⣬ϣЩš
Ʋһ۵λãԶԶȥͷ·ĴΪһ塣
ãֱؽڶӲˣҲͣͷ
ǲ
ҹķɪһջ


ӭһֻƹϰһѽס
Щ̧ͷǰ׷ˡ
ѽֵܣ㣬ϱϽӲ¸ɬĺ
ŹȥƵģû뵽䷿ﶼˣ
⣬İɣź;룬ľƺʲô
㡭ſڣػͱ˳ĹһǰûӰ
ͦ졣
ء
һ˫̶С۶ˡ

һ·ɱ˳ԪطƵζһ·׷һƬï
ζɢܣͻȻܵһþ
߳ˣüͷ壬


36 

ô죿
ϵɺҩ, زӲҪ𣿡
̺ôɲǼƻġ
ҲǼƻģڹǰ׼û
һ˳Ĭ
, ȥ֪ͨӣȥҵͷ
źϡ
Ůߺ, ķһصĵصźس̦ʯ, Ц㼿Ҳֻס󴳵ƽա
Ȼʯ岻Զһþ, ҵ˫Ӷһڡ
ν˫Ӷ, ʼǼ֮ΪڲʳԻ۶ֵġ
˫Ӷͳ, һ, , 飬ڵľ뼫ֻһһűľ綾֮
ڼֶ֮ӵĻ, ˫Ӷĳֲʹȥ, ɱԴľ֡
ֶδ뽭, صΡ
һط̫أʹýеļ
벻۵Ķڣûһ̹㵽ͷʯڣȴȻλþȻ̫ظĺԺ
*
Ǳ˶ѵ, ģģƤһͷڸѡ
һۣһ
ſлȴһס͡
ۣǻɺҩζ³һôʵҩҲǰŪ
ƤͷָٳƣֻǶռϷ硣
ϵ·ѹ˳ùסֽš
˿鲼ھش
úݳޣϵȵ˿ľ̵洦ɼļʲȫǻƻ棬ͭ⻬
أסͷͫ𾪵öЩɢˡ
⣬ʲô
Ȥ
һѱסǰأֲøղʱо쬵ģ⡢סʲôѽ
æĴѰ·ȴǼɫСɱʵʵϡ
۾ɨԥ˼룬תͷɫֵ

ţϾͻ˸˵ʣֻҪͷҡͷ
㵨һѻҾ͡һѼĲϡ
в֮ⲻԶͷ
̫ظݺһֶֻù
ţԥѹһ
ͷʣ˭˽Ұģ
ͷһ뵽ľ
ҡͷ
ࣿüͷ
ϸҡͷ
ģ
ٴҡͷˣȥˣҲǲ֪
ʱ洫˶
ӣѾȥˣǰĹءС˵ͷӵһֱۼаӣЦ
Ǹ͹أ
ѾˡС˼Ҫڵӣæ⸮˭֪Ĵ󷽣ȥⷿ˶ʮˣǸжء
Сӣϵ⣬ҡڵ߹ȥȥ￩
ʮ˻ʮأ
Сؿڣ˿˽¿˵ʮӡ
һ¡
С˽ŵֱ𱳡
ȥ׼ЩʲôģҪģҪ
ֹЦӦĲ¡
ŵضűǺ£һ֪˭
ͷ
Ż˼һͬҡӵЦУҲûȥˣԼҪ
һѳľĺɴ£µϣȻ򿪶Ĵȥ
˻µʱպòһʯͷһսžŤˡ
ʹԱߵĺһȳһյ뿪ˡ
ڴڷǳʱڣ۲˺һҲû̫ظֻż·Ѿӡ
Ӧ̫ظĺԺ
ûãͷˣżɽţֱ
Щż⵽Ҫô߰ôתתȥǲĵطط̫ظҲô
ʱ˸ߺղſˣ
ۿҵĽŲԽԽŵصˣͻȻһִֻӱһס͡

֪Ǹˣеļ˵°ڣȴû뵽ɶܡ
һϽɽķ϶
谵Уصĺţз˼أ׺ݵصɴ۾ﶼ쮳ˮ
ꡣ˽֣ҡ
ļڿжסžһ£ΣĿˡ
ĬĬ£˫ʪĴ۾æҵš
ҲãҲãŰˡţȴһѱס
ż⣬еѰ촽λá
ӣղҿȷʵˣôһգ۾Ͳˣ
ǷͰ𣡿㲻׷
ɣҡ
ʲôǣѰܻһֱֻ۹żŰ壬һֻĲϡ
վڼɽߣŭѾСܱѰ
һִ̼֮ĿУ׵Ļըڶߣ§ǵøˡ
û
û
أ
ҲҲû
ͰͰһȺͰǱߣȥǱң
ʧѷֵɿ˴ˣԼȱ̱ؿϡ
ڴô֣͵ĸо
ҲЩϢȣŵĻüͬޣ˵͵飡
·죺˵˵
ͻȻоһ˿ԾҧŴŤŤ塣
㣬㲻Ҫҡ
˺һ㡣
ҡе·Ҳ֪ʲô
ԶңҪȥˡŤ
˭ʱһѾ;˵أ΢ζļɽʵ
ͣ¶ߵؿҲҷˣļɽʯš
ͻȻ֪ʲôһС鰼ȥأһգ˿Ʋסȥ
һסֻ֣ѽȥ룬ҲɱһŹ˺ڰ֮С
ʯڻϱգһжָԭ
СѾûӦɻ߹ȥ̽ͷֻɽɽĿ϶пտҲûκˡ
֡ü˼⡣


37 

ʯһֱȥ, θ﷭æʯŻˮ
ôˣǰ, һ˳ıַܲ
û¡ذڰ, ɺҩζ̫ŨˣŻһֱ, Щΰˡ
ɺҩ˼·ҲֻнвСŻã̫ӦЩʿġ
Ȼһ, ɽϸӺֵĵ
˵书·Ҳǹٸġ
ʵ, ζһ㣬ûáеġ
ӣЦһ, Щ𣿡
һЩ, ЦڳЦ𣿡
񳤱̹, §Լ°ͿͷҪЦˣ
ɻ, Ҹ, һûԭأææƿ, ̧ȱҵķ١
㣬㵽ʲôϵ㵱ΪβҪ롭δ˵꣬ͱסˡ
۾Žߵӣĵ˺ÿɶ
ȼ, ǣȻͱڵסˡ
æ£˫ֻסؿڣͰ͵㣬㿴ʲôңûʲôÿġ
죬˵ÿ
ı棬·̽һΪҪ顣
Щʱֱ飬Ťرͷ
أϱһµ̧ͷ
ϵĻӣյ߰ɣȥҳڡ
ȵĺɫҧվĬĬקסӡ
á
⴦ӦвĻңʯϵʯţһȱĿڡ
ҪһԿס״ϸϸϡ
ֻزţпɵص̮
Ӧòֹһӣߡ֪ŵصϸ΢ķ磬¾
ЩһϲͨͷӸԱߡ
һ·һֱŻأֵǣãҲûһأ˵ˡ
*
ͷĳ˰̫أѶҵͣüһԵ£ôˣôô
˵ǡ°СܵˡȻ̫ŭˡ
ӣʱ֪ŭȥˡ
ŵʱһӰӴ鷿ڡ

һԼϵ֪Щˡ
Ȼƽճ˳ԼͷһŮһŮˣǰ͵͵Űæһµġ

˶ⶼʲôʱˣüëˣȴŮˣ
ҾһΣһΡ֧˵ĸ첲ȥҡŰ̫صĸ첲
ͬεӴ۵СۣһԵ˶ͷ˵
̫ܲסԼĶӣЭ˭ܵģ
ǸƤ׵ĸʲôƵƯСҽ״ҲôС
ڶ᷿ܵġķһ֪ϷҲں԰
û밲̫ᵽ԰ͻ䣬ȥһӣӣӣȻץ˾͸ҺúÿţǶܣ
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ļٵػص鷿ǲˣæܽһ飬Ȼ۵İλƿѡмһͳһӡ£Сףͬʱ°ۡ
ųֵתľܻƿɨһȦʯһٴκϡ
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ҪעϢ
˸Ƿ۾
ա¡
һ㶣ҡҷĻ£ۣķڼ΢΢ζһֱǸʱ
ů
ƺʲôûб䡣
Щȣ۾ҲЩᣬš
ǰĺڰںãӹϵĻӣԼҲϡ
Żʹ𣿡΢΢ͷʡ
ȣҡͷʹ
һٿ
İײӦԼһԿࡣ

ûһͻȻǰһ˿Ӹ
ǰʯ۹΢â
һһĽԪ͸챦ʱ仺ȥǰǰͳ飬ûзֺ仯֮󣬲ųһ
ҶˣǸҡҡͷڵƴⲽʯס
ʯſֻرա
ڰУ˾Ƭ̣죬ǲ´ȼӡ
ۡ΢Ĺ⣬ŵĵطɷһ̾
ǰȻĻƽ鱦Σһ·ϣһһĽƱȻöʯжǵĶˣ
ŰļЩ˷ܡ
̫²͵˰ɣµأòӶˣֲʵһ
ô࣬û˶ѽȥԱ߷Źҹ飬ȴͻȻס˴˻
Ҫһҿ϶ҲҪЦѵġĽҹһҩĶ
Ĭʵһһкöࡣ
ԥҪҪʱʯַĦ
û꣬䣬ؿſڡ
ⱦѵһ컹ҪϺüˣ
ֻˣΪ˸ǰ̫ء
ϡʯźϱգٴλָڰֻһ
밢ǡ
ʯϵĵƻһ±ȼȻܳԪһ
ͷһڵվһһӰߵǸź±ŴľǸ˼ɫЦ
ѽĵ׹ǳЦ
˭ǣһߵѵб˵˭ôùЩҧЦ
Ԫһ£ͻȻЦ
λСã˵ҵĴҵĴ¸Ǹˡ
ҾһƲƲ졣
Ϊ⣬һԵɰգҲˡ֪Ķͳһȣá
ұ׷ղʧʧһݵģǰյõ̫ظһ̽
ǳ͢ˣֲ񣬡ô˵ʱװģԸ°ģ
ʵǱǸ
ͻȻʲôڿջˣ
ԪصͷٴҾһ񣬱ѵлľ֮ʧ٣¼͸Ϊˣ֪ݰջҪܶõֿࡣ
ЩϰߣŰȻذڰ֣һе㲻ϰߡ
ק֣ɼسԪصͷɫ͵ؿ
ԪҲ΢˵ͷתżŷȥ
ȵȣͻȻЩ϶Ĩ˶
ǼѪľ綾
Ԫضһ٣ֱϻ겻Цлѡ
һۼԼһƱͳһöӡҡҡ߰ɡ
лҪ˵ܣ£
һ̫ˣ

38 

ָԭλһɲ, ͻȻһŭôѶʧ˵ͭǽһԳ򣡡
һǳʺĲٵǸʲôҽл²࣡
鷿Ҫȥ˽Զһ١
һľһ, ໥һۣһ־ֵ̬Ȼ
˵ʱʱ, ˶ԼͬΨһһȴ
㼷ʲôűأѹԪز
Ԫ֮ʮֵļ϶, Ĭһ˲ϹŽЦȴԾɼзȵǵС
áͷ̽̽ͷķͷ, , 
ⲨԪʼδؿһǰһ󷭴, Լȴ
һ֮, ƺİ
̾˿, ̧ſȥ
Ȼǰһֻ֣Ԫؿ˫ų¼֣ο, ǳֵܺá
ȥȥתǲ̽ˡ
鷿ͷԶƺҲһԺ, ȥĵ, ˾˷ȥ
λδ㣿Ҫһˡ쵽ΧǽˣԪѯʵȻ֤ȷ䣬Ӧþ촦ˣԷʡ
ǡͰһ, ղ
ԸôһȻҪȥ𰡡


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ӳȥ˭ܵס
Ҳչȥȴһס۾
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ϵʪȣζһͷȥᴥա
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ԲģӲģǶҼùϡ
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ΪЩܶԼģ˽һЩ֪ЩʲôĬ
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ԽԽף˹ѧ̩ˡ
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Ҳûʲôе⡣ָоǵǩۻֳŷдŮƵСĵǸá
ղԼ˵ЩҲЩͬ
д֮Ȼ߾ǰͷҲˣһһСٶȣţ
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ڵʵ˫ӣʱ򣬸ûκα仯
ҲǽϵˣҲҴСڲɽϣҲû㣬һӶɽῪڣĺܲ


39 

ָ, ĴָȥճǼһѪȻɢǹѪζȴӶѡ
ü, ѹһµ
Բ𣬰, ҲҪġǷĴڣܵһ˺
֪, ǵǳ⣬ǿԶнǱǻˣůҳ˲, , ȴѪȸ
ϱ̫ƺֱ۶µһȥһ, Ҳ޷ˡ
һ, , һŰֽһƺõˡ
ڲɽϵļ£һֵʱ⡣ĺлл, 
ȻֻҪ, һ, ѺվҪعԭ켣
ҵұȥȵ, òá
¶ʲôģգҾͽͻزɽ
Ŀǰɽȫĵط
ȥָմļҲ̲סһƿܵŻ
⧲ƵúһվԭأӦ󣬼ǰļ
ﲻ𣿡üӡвǰ̫ظĵʯҲŻ
Īˣ
һǹζҲŴ˹µøˡ
һŻţһƿ㣬Զ㡭
°񳹵ʯסˡ
û˼ټ˵ˣǽһŲſڡ
Щſڣȥϴ·ȫȻϴ
˵գԼķ䡣
ԭأɵԼǰ
Ժӳˮٻ·ŵķ䣬῿ڴ齱ߡ
ִСϣһˮȷʵδԼæͷ硣
˾Ųʮˡ
ЩǣЩϲɷϵǣϲȷʵռϷ硣
ʲô֪Сϴƽ£ûһỽûŴŵȥ§
һתĻ
ŵӻɳڣر۾
ָ̾Сϣ
ա
һ¥Ƽųüļˡ
㣡
̧ͷһųĿֱֱԼ
ϲĿ⣬ֱûаΡ
΢Цλӣʶ𣿡
Ԫ˼һȷʵϵԼԼɽֻӸߴһۣ˫鶯ʵڽӡ̡
ҽԪ򫣬ӣϵˡԪԱţɷϣǰĹȷʵŮ˲һĸо
ͷҲûӲ磬ֱӹһӵˣſڶһӿǽϿϷʵͷôˣ
ֻǼɧĽ˿ҧŰӺ˵ҹİˡ
˵治֣˵ⶼرصģǲˣֱͷűѾ͸ˡ
ס˽ŲǵģҹҹŻϴѪİ
ڰݸõĵﲻ׵ˣԭ̵ļƻҲǳ
صŵİҲˣҺԴӷԼк󣬳ʲôһҪŻµ
̵ᶼˣղųԽȥļڰȫ˳˻ˮ
ʱš֨ѽһһ죬۾̧ͷȴһŻԴ˽
⼸նĴơ
ͷԵ߽ͻȻǷʲôսţһӣ³ͷԭתȦ
ǣЦˣҲԲԣ
Ǵͷ컹ڹأ˵֪᲻ܿģ
տյģȥҲǰ취ϴƣȥͷǶץЩҩ
ȥҽݺȴҲڡ
ľܲã˶㱣Ҳǵȥģһ©ٳ״óˣֱȥ
ľӦ£ճţӭ
ĵܼץļͣ߶
ǸƤĹˣǲзϣǴӵĶҵͬˣȲسߡ
֪ʲô£ŵķӦ˹죬⻰Ͳˡ
˦ĵ֣ǲ˹ʲô£һһзϣмͷûκιϵ
㣬һģſþãţŮ֪Ŀ޶ԣǡһģ
ҵ࣬ȻûͣΪʲôŮŰֶ»úúõģ
۾һ˲Ȼ飬϶ʲô
һЦʲôѵ˻Ŷ˵ǡ
Ĵսߣֻ˿ڳ˵ĸΣ飬ǡͳĳӣ
ֵؼУͷˡ
Ʋ죬⵨ӣҩ
״ͷŮĽԡ
ͻȻ׹̾һ⺢ӴСǿʤĸҲߣҲϷҳ軵ˣСǵҲƽϣ⺢ĳ
ĬȥҲȥܣ˵ݺԼôΣûȥƽϲ
ݹĲҩջǵ˵ͷ
*
صջʱ¥µѾȫˣȺƺԼӪĵط
ǣŴ¥ְѾˡ
ҩݡؽջصʣ첽żôˡ
ӹ̵طҩԼ˱裬Ȳ˵ôˣ㣬ǲɵģ
һ㶣񶨵Ҹɵġ
ʱһ㡣
˵ɵģͲɵģҲȥԪһ˻׷鵽ʲôˡ
㵽ôˣﲻ𣿡ü
Ҳǡڴ齱߻ˡ˵ţ۽Ƴ
齱ߣ㶵ģûӦ

ϣҪˣɵҲˣЦĴ֣طԼСϡ
﷢ѿˡͷɫ˫ֽλá
׻죬еתͷ㡭㷽˵ʲô
˵Ҫˣߣһһ
顱һվϥײϣƲסͷӬһתһֱ߶ҪˣҪ
ꡱЦ϶صͷԣҪˣ
͵ͣסŲǾһ㣬첽ƲסϲһڣȻһѱתȦ󺰣Ҫˣ
Ҳڷȥ
ãͣЩϰһӰתͷȥȴۿģƽʪ
ǳЦ
ɵϡ


40 

ҹ, һֱ˷ܵ˯žϲ§˯ȴһֱСطС, Ħʱʱϸ΢Ц
ȫ, ַĴϣתͷôϲ, ǲҸҪˣ
סСְģ޽һ, , Ҫġ
룬, ûκ˱Ҫ
һϲ, Ϊҵĺ, ĸףҺܸˣڴ
ڰУı, ֻĺġ
ʵ˻ϲ, ǽ뺦, δӴסĽɫСܵǸޡ
еļνӴҲڰɱĿʱģʱΪ, ĶӷǺˡ
Ȼոĵꡣ
Ҳˣ֪Ҫһףһøס
Ҿزɽա
ϵЦ⻹δɢȥͱ仰ҭסˡ
Լ֣ȥ
ѾȫˣҲ⡣ﰲԼԼһЩ²⡣

۾һ±ӡ
*
һҩθԺ˲٣ذӣҲԵ㡣
⼸һֱԳ£Ҫһ
ڴߵλã棬ŴĿɿڴؿŴõŮӣԼͷԵ÷ɽĴơ
лһЦ⹷ԷͦĹ
æ֮г죬һڰݹĲ裬ͷ˺İӣ̲Է⡣
ͬصͷҪԵ㣬⼸ˡ
࣬ͻȻͲˣС󺰣Ҳӣ
ԵòˣȻɽһֻںɫĴ󣬺ɲİϡ
ȥ󣬡ʲô
ѶˣȻ䣬һɳζָɢ
͵ظָʪ⣬ãȻؿŶֹı顣
ζǿףʶԣ˦ĳӣһƵȥ˺Ժˮߡ
ӣʵζҲá
ԶûвɽǼСǴЩõζء
üҲǼСɢŶĹŹֺɫҺ壬ζǣΪζüʧȥŻ
һڰӳ꣬΢ĵĶ֮ʣָ
ڳıôǳϵĶѵ˲ɣԱ㣬Ҳϲ١
˵ⴻһζҩģ˻Ҫſڳأ
ôҲܵҩģⶫʲôѽȡ
ݸĿأ棬ʯ£˶ȡ֮Գ䡮¡Ƣ׳ԪЦ
ⶫ׳Ԫ棬Ȼ뵽ʲôЦײŰļ򣬡㲻ֵܣöأ
ûںֲҪ㻹ԼŰɡ
ⲻ֪һ仰룬Ц԰ֵܣ㻹ôͰ
ˣ߯ģȥ˵䣬ͱһקסˡ
˳ֱۣĬŶҪ͵գգ۾Ҳһ

Ԫ̫ӷ£һͱߵЦסˡضһ۾ձϵĽ̸
δ֪ʲô
彣ǰЦؿĶ
δ̹﷼

Щãס֣Ƽˮ꣬һǣ֪
Ԫཻ֣ЩսＸǰɽؾټҲԵ֣β֪һ´μҲ÷㻽㡣
´Σɲ´Ρ
Ŀ˵ڿĦǳԹȺҲظое𻨡
ۿҪˣæվ㻽ͻʲôϴ´εġ
˵գקŰ¥ˡ
һţ̲סʲôʱΪ˵ǰǾˣ
°ۣ񿴵ðڡ
Դˣ
ͬҲǼǰڲɽġü
˵ʲôʲôпճԴףôûպҽͽԪصΪʲô
һ졣
޷ϣԼȷʵһֱӱ⣬¡ĶӣЭ
һۣ£
ʲôЩɻȴԷϡ
һ̣ͱס߷Хɵؿŷɳ۶ѳɺӰľɫ§סĲӡ
һߣ
ǡƬ峺ĺˮ̲סǰ
䣬Ҳһ澵ӣϵİԶɽʵӳͷߵĿҲ̵ѿһжڸա
ϻذԼȴûԼĵط
ԭô΢ر۾
أһ
ۣɻȥĴϤ״һӱ֪ʲô
ԭǱˣϲ
ԭΪŪˣҲҲˡ
ЩɢˣѾˡ񲻺˼ԭһѰ²ˡ
ͻȻסҺܸˣлл㣬񣡡
һںߵʯͷϣӵ˺ü飬̽ſ˿ڡ
Ҳġ
ͬһһʦʦͬ쳣ңһߺңһ̸߽书˵ͣһ¡
˵һΨһĿģɱˡǵģǰʮ꣬Ҳô롣
ǣ
ԼʮǶôªڰͰ࣬޷ƭԼһȷ·
ҵĸףǸܺúˡ˵
ʱļģ˫ִůδǹĽ֮ʱǿһʣļ䣬ǿ´Ѫվ
ʱ˺ˣҪΪ𡣡ȥΨһɡ
һңòá
Ҳܵ˺Һòײҵ㡭ĺ»ʧȥ㡣
һ˵ԼĹȥһ仰ȴвĿڡ
ַСϣҲܵһ˺뱣
ҲܴȥӦңزɽȥ𣬴һУҾ͹ȥѰǡ
ȻҪõһеĺõ
кŮҶҪ书̸ԺɽȥͲ±˼۸ˡ
ҾǣҲȥ
Ѿ̲סˣļŵͷ
Ӧջȥˡ
صջֻ۾ͮͮģһ·Ǹ˲ֻǿسǡ
ôˣպ¥һ𿪵ţɻؿˡ
ûʲôȻָϣҪȥǶ
˵Ϳһ
ѣҲһ·ȥˣˣţұҪɻˣӣҾ͵̻ȥˡ
лҪ˵񣺱飬ҪȥQAQ

41 

, ԪûãԪһ˾ͽӵ̻ؾ
̫ܵӷ, Ϊ⣬, ڵκ黹δˮʯ, Ϊżȥ
ԪƲƲǣһڣҵ˵صѾ, ˼ҵ, Ҳһ˻ҲӦȥˡ
һ£ڰ, ˻¡
Ǵ, Էֶθ, ҵƤɱˣ࣡Ӧδ뿪ݣǸӦóʤ׷
򫡣̫ӽס˵, ʲôݣ
̫Ӱ, £
Ҽ̫, ҾӦô꾩ʧһѽȴһֱݣǳеĴ󳼣ڵĻֻ뷨
ԪĬ, ȷʵޱĻӣ̫ӵǼǰڶ볯ȨΨһҴĻӣΪ̫ӺҲһֱš̫ӡɡ
ûйȴ˶ġ
ȥɣ̫ظѹγĽһ٣Ѻ꾩
Ԫ¥ʱʳ¥İ˵ڿн㣬
ôȥôãԼٱ̧ͷ
ʱ磬δзұԼˣЩ̣ǹһٳ԰ɡ˵ţʳ̶˵ϡ
ǰ޹ڶӶˣȲȥҨһף˴ͽԼ
Ҫߣǰشû㣿ϡõ磬棬Ӷʲôóԡ
ỳҡȥǵķ
˵ʲôѽɻ󣬰˵书ǿ֪ʿڹϻˣⲻǸ
ôˣ
ҲԱߣ˵Ҫӻؼҡ
Ǻһ⣬ƺЩߣı֣ûû¡
һ¶ǣûһ룬Ҷˣһ㶼
֪ƢԣҡͷֻȥҨһС롣
*
ڶգͶ·ˡ
Щ꣬һɽ·໥Ӧȹ˺üվҲˡȻţ복ˣһҲҪ뿪ˡ
Ҳգвɢϯǰ˵ˣпվ￴ǡ
Ȼ仰սɣ˻ҪдģϾﻹšʮաȫ飡
ԼĿǣŴڿջſڵϵȰȥøɱȥˡ
ŽţĵſϵӡͻȻһƬӰǰ
̧ͷǸŹŮˡ
ܹҪ뿪ˣӨһЦԹ档
Ҳ֪Լ֮ǰȷʵֻй֮Ե
δ˵һ仰
ܹǸˣҽҲεȫ˹Ҳ֪˭˺õĸȢ㡣Ц˵
һ˿ı飬Щ̶̼վʹӰ˳㽡̸
ҲȫҵĹͣڽֱʩ࣬ҲǸĳˡ
ĳʲôãݺӨ
⻰֪ôˣ۽Ƴô
˵ģܹӦòϲЩˣˣǻ˵Щ˽һתָֻɫ
ɻôƵˣ
ԵֲЦˣǵ˵ͷ
ܹѾˣǡλ̹ӡǺӡ
ᵽһӾۣȹң첻Ӧ𣿡
Өſ˵ЩʲôʱԪصſˣС˿һ㶣¥ˡ
ȵգܹԵټһЦֻǱһ̣ı

˼ӣʵôˣ
Щ֣ǸĹղŹҡ
˵ʲôü
ҲûʲôһЩл̽ؿ
һ·ա
š
*
һƥݵɽأҹͣȥҲҪյʱ䡣
ǵУҲҼۣʱǣС
ʱƥԹŵ¨ţʱҲͰһߡ
գҪˣܻ̣ǻδҵһЪŵĿջǾһƬֱԵͣ
˩һ׮ϣ˿һôóˮɣݸ
һζ̫ԣΪ˶С磬Ҳ᲻Ըؾˮҧϼڡ
ֲָɣȲ⡣ʹؽš
̣·ˡȰš
ôһ˵ˣ类ˡ
һѹˣָ㣬㡭
ãңҡץס֣ȫ̽£ʵ֪ʲôҪ
һͷſĻ
ҹϸɳ
طЩ˵֣ʵɽҲֻϡľҲΪɳԵϸɳ͸ˡ
ֻ£ʹѾ˳ģҹͰҹ²ҲǼġ
˱һÿԵЩɳľҲһԡ
˼ë̺·һׯʱڼģȣḧԼĶӡ
Բԣ
ţܸܵĿ
ôһء֣˸СĴָ⡣
׽ס֣ë̺
ٹ˸£ܼˡ˵ŵ̧ͷʱ𣿡
ͷüһǣòôã¡
£ͻصߡ
֤
㡣סز˲䡣

ҹէϵҶ죬Ժۣȴְɫ
Զһãҹһ˹
ǶമһĽ࣬ңԶĵطЮǣԼ翣ȴ·ǡ
£ɳͣһӰ֡
ǳ𣿡Сʵ
üͷҡҡͷ
̽ȥ¹⣬ഩװŮŮͨѩ׵¹¶һͿɫʵϣޱ顭
ƹ
һĻŵؾ˰ӡ
ˡһĹ죬ͻȻʹס࣬˵ϡ
񣬰񣡡סˣӦȥ
æǽŵس˺ңֻƳڴˣ
ǡҩİ
ôô޴ؿʹģ
޿ײĳӣؿʹڵϣ˴ǰ·ûע⵽ǡ
ƹɢֱǶʧڷɳУŴŴͣ۾ȥķ


42 

֮, Ϊ̽һƽɣûκ쳣, ٳȥҹʲôһ
գ
˵, ͸ˣֻܰԭҹǶŰ¹ϡ
Ӧ塣
ͬ, 켣ôãδڽ˵ôһɣװֹڳˡ
ҲɡЦ, Ͼ¹亱, Ҳмأǲӵ˰¹ѱǡ
ɼ͡
ʲôɡҡͷ, , Ͳô໹̶Ŀ, Щ˵ֻƭƭСˡ
ɣʱ㲻ˡ
ֱ飬ûе, Ҫסһ, ±ϣ
ڼ, ԭΪĵĿγɵ׵ͷˣõ죬Ϊ˼УѲųΪĥ
, °Ͳ˲ҲҪɣ͹ˡ
ϣ

ʱ·ߺʱЩһʱǴͨݵĵһ·շתݣʱȴֱӴ·ˡ
ƬĮһ죬ֱ̫Ҫɽǲһӡ
ŵƻַͨǷСǣŰǰѯһһʯͷԵʲôϲ
˼ңôô֣
ϲ̧ͷһĺµͺ͹ɴĽСŮӣͣеĶǴİգ
ǵģӶߣ;˵ЪЪšЦ
棿ŶߣǿǴǷ
ʱ߲ѿסˡ
ſ֣ǰϲڿİ峵
ϲлʱҲͲ١
Ҳɣǰ¹ᣬͷȻˣԺ
տʲôգ
¹񽵸˿ɵȥ¹ݰݡ
¹񣿡֪ŮǵһŰ¹Ϊ񣬲⽨һ
ϲһûʶ
¹ÿͻѣֻҪ¹kͻˮ𡣡
˵ţ˫ֺϲĳλһݡ
Ͱ
ǵصϰף
žʯĳǣŴƥʣЩʯͷ𣿡
ϲŵֱ֣߶Ҳҡ
СӣөɽʯݣüëһᣬȫҪ׸¹ģ
ʯͷɵһǧ磬治У
ӣһ·ŵƽʣ˵ģǺ«ģʽƹͷ벻ôƫԶС˷ࡣ
ϲָ£ҵΨһĿջ˼䷿סˡ
շ¶Ȳҡֱۣ۾ģȥ䣬֡
ǡͷô࣬һšԥ
ȥȥҲҷҪȥ棬ȥԼĶӡ
ۼֿæץס֡
ɫɶָæ˵ѵ㻹ˣ
ڴջĲ̴Ӧˡ
ȸԾĲ¥ںš
һűײһ¹ͷߵСӵڵأΪеԵʣЩͷԵСܻ
ǰϥǣ۲ѽòá
Сõ¹ͷߣۡһ˳
ʯͷ⺢ӣʱһ׷ôﰡ
һŮӶŰοſкһ׹ƨɣܣܣڳԵͷ˰գ
˵ֵ꣬лл㡣
ллл㡭ߴ˸á
Ǹַºӣתͷϲ˫֣ЦųлԸ¹㡣
Ҳѧһ䣬Ը¹㡣
عͷɫվں棬Ҳ֪˶á
ͷһǣǸ׵ġ
һЦҲǸõġ

ֵ߶С̯ӣﲻʽ̯϶СǸʽ̬Ķׯ¹
¹䡣һɫ¹̾
С¹вģǵkļо˵Ρ
һƣȻǺͷһ֥СĲأ
Сӣһգڼﱣƽָͷ󣬲ʮġ
ϲǮˡ
һΰģ׼ҪǮµİ¹û߶ãͱ·һסˡ
Сӣһ𣿡
Ͱתͷɽӡ
ӣ׼ˡ
ֽƭǣŰ뿪ȴ˵С˰գ
ͣ
һš顱ӱߣСϣͰɫŵؿŰָʲôɽӡ
ôʲô𣿡
⡭̥Ǹ̥ŽŵĭˣȻС
ץ˰֡
кŮѽȻ֪˸ºҲǸϲȲ˽С硣
⡭й¶ˣ
ƽ˳
й¶źӣۼƼһӱõˡ
Ǽٵģ
ɿ֣й¶ʲôй¶ʲô㶵ƭ˼Ҷ𣡡
һվ̯һš
𣬱ҿɾӡ÷ڣֻ㵽Ұ⡭
ˣߡ
ˣⲻƭʲô
ǮںͷС
Ǯǹغӵ£ôҪ˰ӽĶ飡
ںӱƵʯͷͻȻһӲӲĶ
ͷһȴһ鷢ŹСʯͷ
ҹ飿ϲϸϸһֲ֮ǰصЩӶǷƫ׵Ĺ⣬ʯͷȴǷ̹⣡
өɽʯԱ¡
өɽʯǷϺЩڵʯͷ
벻֮
ȥ͵İʡ
ЦıǼ⣬ָԶֵĽֵŴ̯ģ̯˵߽ǲ¹񡯵ġ
űʯͷƫͷһա
Һϲ
*
ڶգ˾һҺõķݳһ٣Ȼʰ·
Сӭ϶¥һ¥һ۱ƼǸﴩźŮӡ
һ黨裬ϴȭͷɫһֻƹŹֵĵӣһڽͷ
˶һۣԱӡ
Сõȥˡ
ټĶ¥ֻüһ
꣬˲죬ͻȻ͵̧ͷ˶ˡ
Ű񣬱ۣЩεؿһ
ȴˣֽȥ
Ȼдһ˿գ洵ŵӣһ
мĳĽĶȻ£ͻȻʹؿںȻ¡
״ૣȷʵǡ
ʲôվ
Ц˦֣˶ͷˣ㻹֪
лҪ˵߿ϣǵĵĺְֹ_(:١)_ֺ


43 

㵽׶ʲô
, 룬ƶʱǰ£ȴԲѡ
置ˣˢؿ, ͬʱؽѳ
ߡŮ̧ͷõһ, ɴĳ롣
ȻСﶯһ, ͷβڿһ˦ֻǷ¥ݷʱ, Ƭ, 
˵գȹһΣſ׷ȥʱ, ʧˡ
һ, ˼Ī, ŮӵǼ仰
ôһ˵ЩĻͷ鷢ڶ
£ȷʵкܶطЩ, δ˵ɽΧкݸڵİ¹, Ű¹ˡ
ĺܶ鶼ǰĵط롣
ѵһ·еĹ, ƫԭƻĹ켣ʵߣ
Ļһֱڽӽ置
šü˼֣ղǹĻ, ܾò̤ʵ
СʳǹСϣ۽һȻҵˮƽӲʲôҲûһذ̣ٺͿྼ䡣
͹٣زһӣںÿӣƵǰ
λС磬置Զ𣿡ӹڵĿӣ̧ͷ
置һ㶣置
û뵽Ĵ𰸣Ҳ벻ӲɽݣôһȦӣظʱȻײ置
置˵ĳƺԼɲôСֹһ䣬ȴҲû˵׽ʲô
һ˶ùաȻΪϲ
뷽Ůӵĵһ˵ġ֮ˣ
ƣСǺһЦڰ֣ͷϹĴ˵ˣʲôƣʲôĵģһеĻɸҪˡ
㵽ʳҸ¸ƣԹ԰ǮҲǮˣȤСӣﰡûʲôƣ
ֻϲСҡͷҲЩΪŴԡ
ţʦʱ˵ƹƣģԵķӦҲƭˣ
ֻλС֪ˣսӣٶʼˡ
Щ԰գϾﻹһԱû¡
ţӣɡһͷȴûһףȴƯֵָĻɫ
ɵؼһǡ
ܲ˵ܲ
һڣɱܲóԣܲζЦ
ŽɵҧһСڣһ֭ĿڸϸϸһƷ·йɱƹļζ
һƤһĶЩһºſ֭Ķ˼죬Ҳ£Ƥ˺
ôмζѲɵ˼֭
ɲزˣۼҵ꽲ش䣬⼸׳棬ǽ峿ץƵģأ
һڰ·ڳЦԼ֪Żһ̲סŻ
ص˵ϵġͥ񡱣̧ͷ
СϵȵĴֲϣ
˫Ϻ
ȭͷɳЫͳ࣬ˮ͹ը
ɽ
򾣬ζ̫ŨЩ˲
Ѽ𣿡ϡ
٣λСӣɲ˫һ̯ЩЦλ˵һҲ˽
ӣһ̾Ҫȫصģ
һ꣬һ˽ȴڳأͷƳ۶ӣǸӽ˰Ŵ˿ջ
صջٺð¥ƹڹ£õĻشȴҲͬǵСһ
ЩˣŮӵĴ磬ƹȻǴԼصͼڡ
ǸİաƹͿ
ЩʧϽѯһЩˣõĽЩĴ𰸡
Ժ֮ʣλʯͷϲֻĿɲǺʯͷˣƤөɽʯˣ
Ҳ
峵ͣ·ߣ²ϵĺĨ˰Сӣտȥ¹ݰˣ
һ㶣һԴѽôص¹ˣ
¹˴ôҲ͹йҲ˵
ķλȴϲ˵ҲȥͷǺ˾һɽˡ
˵Ǳϻ
һ֪ˣæ˵˵
ഫܾǰƬϳУս԰Щĳһ죬һλͷҵ֪أŰյļƽشеѣһĻˣЩ·Ļų˳ӻصɽ
̵֪εЩ棬ҲҽһУûãˣǸǽ
ֻ¹ɻ
Gżҽ½
֪ȥһ꣬콵꣬ɽʯ̮նѣΣ֮ʱһͷ¹ˡ
Ӵ󣬽һȳյȫĵط˷֣Ϲŵ֧ѣ֪һ֧
նλ֪ܿ࣬Ի¹ǣؽˡ¹
ֱգÿİΣ֮ʣ¹񶼻ǡϲֺǵؿ·췽ҹ̷ı顣
ǲ׵ġתͷ֦Ҷڸǵɽ˵
ϸϸĥ£Ǹ񻰴˵ǲѿ置Ĺȷʵ⡮¹ǧ˿Ƶϵ
өɽʯҪ¹񡯵𣿡
ϣÿÿÿ¹һΣ¹ԻȡөɽʯѰˣҲ֪ʱͶˣ̾һ
Ϊ⡮¹ҪЩʯͷñĶ𣿳ʳ㲻𣿡
е˵¹ʯҪȡөɽʯ¾
ͷô˵ɽҲ˵
ĨĨͷϵĺɽЩ㲻ٶˡ
֪˶ãڵǶ̧ͷͨһС
ϺѴݹɽөɽʯһ˽ȥҲæ飬ͬһ¹
һţͱ佡׳¹𺳵ˣͨѩףŭ߸ͷŽÿһˣ㿴·Ҳע㡣
һᵽΪ˳ڵkĿ£˶̲ס
ţʯͷϺߴٵ
Ӧһ䣬Сөɽʯ¹ǰ̴ľϡ
ﲻ͵𣿡
͵ϲֲף¹ѹ˭͵Ҫˣ
ȥʯͷȦϧǣǼͨ˹ƷԲһ
Щʧ
¹ӡȫ˫ֺϲһݣҲѧӰһݡ
ߺһˣߵ÷һۣ˵ñܣֻӰҲʧּ䡭                        
лҪ˵޹޹޹

44 

ո, ղһ˿ƣˡ
ĵ·ϣһֻϷˣĴƹһͣһ, һɴŮǣɫɽ, ıһˡ
ͷɴ˲ĺ
ǰͷпᲱ, ߵϡ£˩ϡ
һθܵƽ, ļŽɳ
ѾǶٴμ, յ˫ɫǵǡ
óԵķ˸飬֪, ȴһֱδ, Ҳ֪ǵкħ
û, ڶˡС
ȡˮңԼСںֵͷɸ
Сһȥ޾ͷûҶϢ, վֽ⿪
ΨһϣЩ, ʹ, ˵ӦǸģϸʣȴԲ֪ĸġ
ԴУԸվʰңһ·һ·Ѱ, Ҷ置ͲȺأûһ֪ǵĵϸ
һһȥңܹҵġ
ߣ󷽵ĵ·ϺԼ˱
Գν֮ԣϣν̡֮
һӵᲽߣʱƥ׳Ȼǰ㣬ҪɱϵȴŹ
һæǰȥǰǸӣҧȴܱ
һĪչʱԱ߳һ˫Ьһ˫ݵס˰
ͷһǸŵӡ
Ű£ͷһСñòȥѰ˿СһӾͰѰᵽϡ
лλɢͷãʵ
òãС¶ѣСӲؿЦŰڰ֣Ȼָʵôˣ
ҼҷЩֲϲ˯ε
˯ҹǻǹֲľȤ
ǣˣŴϲƷޣǻκҷұǰѰҡ
û뵽һ·ȴû֪ڻЦϲ˼
Ŷ¶ȣݣЩǰ˵Ĵ硣
֪һϲ侲ֵۣˣ
Ҽסƽϲ飬Ҳɽּʫ䣬߶ˣЩҲЩӡ󡣡
г֣ҽѰĵط飬û뵽·ˡ
ֿϵ˵ط˿ɲ
̸置طΪϤҲͷһ롣
һסȴȰǸȥɡ
һӹƧӴ㻹Ƿաҡͷ̾
˸ЦҷգòΪҪ
ֶȰ˼䣬ʵڼ֣Ҳָֻ·ǾסɽµĹȵף·һ·£ῴһƬ֣֣סĵطˡ
ȻͬǸĳһֱ͵ǰȻָ򣬡ߣߵͷ͵ˡ
лȴҡͷ̾Ϣˡ
ֻ֪ǽֳֺӱԵĿȥķ
ǰеϤһЩֲһⰻȻľ·ص˲ɽ
ֻʱǰͷĴͻȻ
ҲԼһɫƬ̣ͷµƻ
ӿͳһƿҩ裬ԼһţҲǿӲιȥˡ
ȳʪļڣڶֲḻɽּ䣬඾̵ѡʸй䣬Ƶ
Խ߽ζԽŨңŶӣԥǷ˵ʱǰɫЮ˲ۺɫζҲиı䣬ǰּ޵Ҳ˸
΢۾̽û뵽ǰߵӻ˱任
šüˣ任ԭƺͲɽʦµЩơ
ˮ£оֻҪվ۵ĽǶȥ㣬Ͳҳȷ·ˡ
˷ɫû϶ãͱǰľŵˡ
һſž޴ĲľϼĳӣСĻɫڵķȥ·߽һߡ
ȫë˵ߣҡҡ֣ңе㺦¡
ǷϵĺûзֺӦһػ˯š
֣˼£Ҫ¸ҡ
ԣǳӣһѣǳӡ
ͳһƿһ·һ·ЩСĳ׷ɢOO@@ͷƤ顣
ҲֻЩСãһЩϷĸͷԴ󡢻ɫ޵ȴȻ·ϰ㡣
οԼֲ
ţһͷԤ׵صһȴһֻ·ڴС֩룡
ŵüһѴȻѸɱȥ
ûáһͷϴεСŮ
ûáŮһģһСкͬ⡣
Ҫȥ峤𣿡
ϻ峤Ҫϡ
ðɣҪȥ߶𣿡СŮе࣬˲ӡȹڡ
Ϊβߣ˵ˣ˴ʱҪһС
˭ȥһ˽գ۾˳Ĭ

Ǽʯͷɣ˭˭ȥСŮ飬ȻС֡
á
*
һ·ۣҲ֪˶ãΧĹ߽ǳȻһԾǰȻʡ
ؿǰľ
ɽˮһι״ɢڸɣɽˮľ֧ţ뷽Ƭɭĳȫˡ
⴦ɽȷ·Ǵʽзʽ·һԼϵ
ûмһˣɹͷӡȴȷˣҪѰҵ䡣
ŹֶأŰ¹Ĺˡ
űԵ£ʱָһ¡
δ·ߣƬıԵԳ̣һһƺžӨճҺ
һԵͷҧʲôûһŸһľһֵ
ǳһ䣬ܹȥ죬Ȼͷ顣
򼻹ûȫһڽڵ壬غͻȻɢʮﲻˡ
ƱˣͷޱȣԭС۾ˣĵظͿҩ࣬ĴӴܡ
Ԥȥ׷ʱһӵȻǰ𡪡
ԣһ·ţģ϶Ǻˣ
ʱҲһͯ
һͷһŶԽµܽǴС֪ʱ
ϻһֻ֩룬ͻȻԭǸʱԼѾˡ
ʲôϴͼڵ˾ʹ¹ҽǴ֣ǰһڣ֪ˡ

45 

ڵ, һ˫˶ӲָϻԴ, ˼Щҡ
ܺڰӲ, һڽűӣز, ﲻǿջ
һ𣬰أ
һ˿ңͻȻ, һ, ͷȥһɡ
ҹܺãݽϵӽ⿪, ҡ, , 
λߴϤĻȷ˼ϵ֣񣿡
, ҡս֡
Ϥһ, һµ, ˫ֱˣ֪֪ˡ
Һúһֱ˯ȥˣĺú˵ġ, ˯ץ˯ŵģʱ֣ҲϰԵΪ
ûиоﲻͻȻɿŵ壬໹ʹʹѽأ
أ
ĪҪҶˣﲻǺȥ˵ﻹкӡ̵ץס֣һ¡
ʱ㻹鿪ЦЩŭִһ£Ťȥ
Բ㵣ˣһ̾ӵ뻳С
ûжЩ
Ҳ˵ԲЩԸģֻúõġ΢û¸ҡ
仰ûСȴ絶ʡ
ãҲ˵
ѵƬڰУḧСԲԣ
ԡ֪ﶼϾ˼Լһ·϶û֣ĳʳؿˡ
Թ洦ɼĳӣҲ֪˴ʱںδˡ
ȻˣȰĲκã֮߰ɡ˳ӣСĵ
ͷ룬֮Ҫûرߵĺ졣
ʱ⴫Ųһ˲Ե˱ԭһ
ſˣԾĺ©˽ֻſڷ˸ʲô˽ûһ¾ͺţžʹµ졣
ŲԶŽֻʲô
һƬ壬ͷᣬſζ򴽣ʱҲ๾
һǺóԵʳĵ
ˣ˵ͷ˶һ۾ͿںļȺʹ룬ַ֪ģǰ롣
Ҫ綾ˣ֣ܿ˵ˣͷҪжҲܳ
ҳ˵ţָ飬˵ֹˡ
Σ
е࣬еӲе̫ˡ˼ڣôëûɾ
ﳶϸһҲ߯ôݶӽȥˡü
ŰҲֶΰɣ
æȥ֪ʲôĴǣǷ紵ȥġ
ͷˣԳԵüھͼˡ
ʱߵôԣҳˣʳû⣬㶼ˣЩ԰ա
ｹڵĳ棬ʵԳԳûκεִСʱƬë֮أʲôóԣԳӿɱȰƤˡ
ԸԶ֪Լʲô
һ꣬˾Ϳʼƻųȥˡ
ݵƻȺƺţſҲûһô
̽ͷֻԶ죬ѹѹһƬӰںӳ²׳Ť
ͬʱһǷëëģôоаһ
°ףһ·ɭŹֵģûһӰҲûһŵƵġ
ѭӳŻķȥ߬Ű֣һϰµġ
һҲûУЩŹֵ˺ûκηӦֻսָοͬʱ䱸شǱȥ
ǣ
̽ԴһȥЩ۾ϻͼڿɲ͸ҹЩ¹ϵһģһ
ûҳ۾һգգؿŹֵʽ
ֻʢװһһŮܻΧŵȦﾡŤ裬˫ֺϲü룬Ŀžһĳġ
û˿֣һһŮȴ·ҵģ֪ƣŤһϲˣͷϵǵĶҡ˸
ӡмһһŮ綴۾ûеĿտӣ˲
˶һۣ׷ȥ
ǲ˰ɣ̲ס
Ӧᡣ˼ഫһȻջǽգǶͨȻеԸ
ʽĿĶֻһͨҪ죬˼ĺӻţԶʤ˼Ѷ͵ĳˡ
ǻǵҸʰɡôһȺΧǱߣҲ֡
á
Ҳ֪ʽҪеʲôʱԾһϡ
ֻԽߣԽĳӣһĻˣǰ֦ⷢӨεۡ
һɫľʯɡ֦ҶϣСȴɢűө滹ӯӯ⡣
Ưˣȥһȴסˡ
ҡҡͷ
Ҳϧ˷ܵش֮䣬ĪƬʯ֣
ĶЩΣͻȻһסˡ

ԣ˳ȥȴٳˡ
Ͼ壬佡׳¹ǣڵ·̲ܣһƬɢĿ£Եʥַ
һͷ¹
עţ·ܶΣЩӡ
ȴرסˣһǰ˫ͬ峺Ӿڿн㡭ܹƻ㣬ش¹ϡ
㡭Сĵ㣬¹Ķȴ۾
ⲽǰ¹ǲ˲䰢

תһ룬־÷ǰܻõСǵϲƺСرճ
һָɾº͵ʣ˷½ġ
һҲʼɣ෴ԺΪİӵĸס
ʱһѸٷ֣첽һ
ŲҶɳɳȹĶػζɫĴҡͷ¹Աͣ
罥ķ˿ڿƮֻһ̵Ҷӷڵϣ߸Ƥëι
Ѱһֻ档𣬡а˳ߣҲѰˣ˽ƻҳ˲ٿͷ
δá񻹲ֻôˣҲˡ
ĿƮԶ·ڻʲôʹļ䣬Ƭ̣ͻعֻˡ
그µĴŮҲˣ
ֻᰴԼ뷨ߡ
ꡱһ֦۶ϣ˲ͷ˭
ֻǰӰһΣͱһǿŲӵֵϡ
ǡȫͨ죬ѵ˵ţͬʱҲ䡭


46 

𶯣һֲ֦, ס֡
һɴס沿͹𣬶á
˵, ϻص׶԰ʲôΪʲôö˶˽˯գװͰ͵
ɨˣûлش, νġ
ӱĻ, ϶ģе̩ȻƸԼǷ֮ǡ
ôġһѳĵ, а, ȥƺͨû
ѵ⣿
置һ˶ù˵ٽԿع֮, Ҳ, ٿǵİգ
һ, мƫͷ
˵ڵĹƳôȡβ̬żҲͲסǰͷ
Ҫǲ˵, Ҿ͡Ҿͽĵˣŵ, ˸ϵĶ
Ķ, ƵϣʳָָڴֲڵƤйɵ㡣
ɫͨ죬ڼڣƵóѾЩˡ
İ֣һ
ûû, ҹҲͰˣʱôʲôѽ
۲Ůӵɫ˵ǰֻɱˣڱƹȷʵ鲻㡣
ԴϢۿɺ䵭˵ˣѾûˡ
ǣƹƳө˿ˣôȡ
˵ѣţúõվܳ˯ôûˣ
ԣһ˵ѣ
ƳƱؿеƸعⷵգҵŰգʱ֪Ƿ˵ˡ
ʱԼҲˣ
ָĶԽԽ졣
ɫͫʣܲ˫ƶŲ鸡źһֻ£΢
Ҳš
Ĺӳ΢΢ζĶ˸Ĺâۣ֮ʣOO@@𽥱ƽ
һƬҶ¡
ͻȻһ裬ӰУƬҶڿк۹켣۲ɼٶǰ
žડһѪڵͷ£ҶУ֦ŤŵҲ˳Ƶ˰¹ϡ
ԽѣںſʱҲһһŮˣŵ˵¹ԣһŽªͷ߿
ˮô
¹ܵ¹ţͷ뽫ص˦氲һѽ£ӵһԡ
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ֻŰοҡҡ׹ϲ֪ʱĵӣǣŰˮ˲
Ҿ͵ʲôû
˼룬˵ˣǿȥ壬˽λϵĹơ
塭ૡ
濿ˮǼӣסĵط紵Ļ϶ɢڷ
˶ûȫǾ䡰еƸץ㽡ΪʲôΪʲô
ҲҪҲҪϵ񱻳һ㣬ϣǿֽ߬סѡ
ûӦֻ˳Ż˵ļҶ˵ʵƳͻȻʱˡ
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ţġ
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Уʤѩ֣һˮ֮ڴϢš
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һ׵СѴȥˡ
᾵ʯߴߣûãһĸ߽ǰ
ߵţһϵŮڴա
ȥһ۾Ϳǵ֯ϲͣӰ
÷ãң档ǰӻͳСѣǵھֻ
Ӱͣӣժ˹Źֵĺɫñ˳Ծǣӵ˲ߵŮȴһʮҵӡ
÷ûǰӹеСѣָڱԵü£ͷҲOO@@һ
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ʮֻλѰ˾ֻ÷ýСѵĸӴ򿪣ѪˮֻһһֻźɫߵĽɫѪˮ̽ͷ䶯ԷŲ˵ھŸλС
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ϸӣ価۵ס
ֻĳһ˲ͣζһϣͷ߸εŮ˱ɫӵţһƬУһȺ˳ǰš
飿
ֵȥȴһ§˻                  


47 

Ů, Ϊϲ£ζڲõĽ
죬θ̧, Цｿ, пЦ
ָӵĽϷ֡
ţһֻɫСѴһк, æ׷ȥ
Сû飬ѧŴ˵̾˾, û, Ҳġ
С磬ƵĹ𣿡һСкչͷ
к뽾ͷͱ˫̥˻ͷ, Ų, ü͸, һֻϹƶûǵƵģֻõѪˡ
ҴСк, Сһ, Ҳˡ
, 㲻˭棿СŮ˸ƤҡΡ
ңҺҵ֩棡ñӣͷͳһֻ֩룬֩һ, ͹ɵչʸ첲ϡ
˿һǰͷֲ֡
СƣѷŶ
㲻׼˵СŮһƲ죬ȻԺҶˡ
úãҲ˵˵

ͼ޶Уһ˵һβͲݣ˫ĵͷ̫ĺһͻһͻġ
ģ룬ͷ羫ʡ
ͻȻһͣûüɲסײǰһˡ
յ̽ͷǰȥô·ģ
ⲻҪһһ۾ǰ⵲·ĳҧ𣬸۾ûۻɣ
Ұǰùȥϡ
𣡡æǰȥҵĹҵĹҴġ
ϵ￴ǰ׵ͷһĹһԣ񣬱ʲôЩֻͷ˲
ãõģ㡣ط´ƹ̶С۶ţҧʲô㣬ֵøһ
˵ʲôϵÿϵ
ûʲôôͣˣŴСָ̧֣Եİӡ
ϵҡͷ˻֣ٴͼ޶ǰС
ͷŻСƢĺӣ㿴ҿ㡣
ֻС
ǼСզ
꣡СסͣǴϲӣ㵷˵ȥȻҪƨˡ
Ǹ˴ġ˵š
ҪСܵСҪ㲻ҪиСܵСø𣿡Ҫƻǰ嶼ûеܵóˡ
С粻ԸƲͷ
С֪ͬˣСĵɿֺС֣Ŷ

Ŷ齥ԶͻȻɫϲض£ֻСצӣƣôˣ᲻ҶԲԣ
ԽԽеյ˦ͷҲңٷ磬ֻҲԵΰصģֻΪѰң
ͻȻ͵һ£оѣơشѣҡβ˵˸ǰ
𾪵Ŵ죬ŵѣֵܣǡ
ר׷ҹ𣡡ͣ쳣ϲ
ȫصĴ磬һ˿ƣΪһ塣
ôʵ
ͷţһûӦ
㲻ǻϼҿȥ𣿡뵽ŽϵŮӣȻ򣬡ŶղǾ㣿ϼң
ڱѣһϰ㣬ڳǣ׷ҹģ
ΪʲôҪ׷㣿һĪβġ
͵ͷֵˣ
תһ룬ҪͨĲһСĴָκãȻ
˹ƶüվ
ʲôأһĵڵ֣Ű񣬡˶ʲôССģ鿴ôһһأ
һΪƵضŴƵĶ䣬Ļᡭ
ЩĵĳҶ㻹ءֹ
СӶ棬ôֹѾһϷ
һ꣬ӳ츳ͱͬ˲ô̿ˣ̾Ϣ·˵ۣԱ·ǳֻ뿪壬ҪͷһأҪ֤ʹ츳ãҲܻͬȡɹ
գǰһգס񣬿ү}ûš
㣬һȫհףһʲôˣ
ˣ
һϻ񣬾һСݣҡ
ǰ壬ĸ״Сĵطͷ˻ݣƺ̫ἰĸס
置ʢй⡮置ָľǰ壬ͷһ򡣡
ǰ̾ȵףϵ
Ѱ˺ܾðգɲҡǡ
ǲҡȻݽΪ棬ȻĿǰҪȻ㲻ῴһˣҪȥǸ塯
壿˼⣬Ĺȷʵ͵ȥˣҴһȥա
ѣҪ߲嵶
վѣǿɱҡڳǰᱻץġ
Ͱһۣɲǣͱץˡ
ʱ
·ɲУȴǻ·ȥ°ͣͬؿĨɫͺɫ
ʵʱͱץˣӳˡε
˭͵ɫš
СǶ˫̥Ǵļˡ䡣
һʱ˿ССƣǾ÷Ǳߵˣͺá
ǾͱøϽˡ
˵ţ͵͵ǳСһݡ
ֵֹʽ봵䣬дС̬һ߻һź¡
ұ飬ȥȥˡѹǶһЩҸͷѷ硣
һʰ׵ſô¶ˣͷ϶өɽʯ
ؿֻһǿţָʣǮƣ
ԣͬһ÷ţĻסϱߡ
һ·ȥ񼸴͵͵ȥ
һΣץ˸ţôˣ
ֵܣɫȷʵͷŰ²һȦɫ԰׵øͿ˹ķһ
ҲԲԣ˵ˣҪ̫࣬òβ룡
ҲЩأǼӽ쵽ˮ鿣ԼȥԶݵš
塪˼£壬ڲڣ
˺һͨҲûҲǰȥãɿݾǿݡ
ȥˡü
𼱣룬ȥ˭ˮ鿣ͻȻһؼ⣬˭ģ
ǸŮӣһ黨裬иӡģ˪ģº
˵ȥʵλֱеϵʶЩ
֮ᣬҹһƬ֣һĦѰġ
۾棿                        


48 

ǶҲ, תأаĹסȥ
ʶ
ôʶҸϵأ
, ۣӻͳһɫĳ, ǰһΡ
ҹ񵽵ģҾÿġ
񶨾һ, ˹ȥۼֿѸ֡
Gʲôܵ˰ֱ, ֱ۾ؿ
ûʲô, 뿴ε֣󲹳һ䣬ġ

˻, תͷ, ȥ
֮ɫ
ǶҪȥ, ȥҲһ΢΢ۣ롭
ûûУûСæϡ
Ҳ飬ɵؿǰͷּߵӰ, ɲǸ
Ĵ, һľ֮ء
, 桪ûߵǰʹ
Ͷֵȥˣ˭ܿĿġ
ֱۣСè塣
΢΢ͷѹкè壿
°ͱֱ, תͷĪı飬ӦҲ뵽ˡ
ҲðգҲͽϬһͨ
ţѼϵӦҪáܽᡣ
һգһ㵽ǲǹˣ
㣬ңˡԼֵ
׷ҵʱѵģԽԽơ
ʱûȫȫ⣿
˺ǲǾͰѵĵˣ
һðһϣ֪ˡ
æ˳űҲãҹľګ
ؿڣһһµİҲعҲղŵ̫ˡ
Բ𡣡ͷЩƲסԼ
ƣŵǸҺʱһ㣬ټϻУ˶ܷꡣ
ûչ˺㡣
ҡͷúÿġġ
û˵̧ͷչʢԼı顣
*
ſˡ
ĶƺЩżҴ˵񡱺󣬾ʹ¥һ̧ͷͿ¥µˡ
Ųһ٣ϵҲ
档׷żȥĶˣλҵѣͰ񡣡
ûشǵȥ𣿡
ȥȥˡ˵ֳȥˣҲ֪ʲôʱأ㼱ҴҵҪȥĶ
Ҷˡ˵ţּ¥
𣿡ǰһţһ
ڰҡڣȥӡ
ҹ񵽵ġ
ллָⴥϤıյֱʧõ
ת˲ŵ͡
Σ֣صؿʽãҽа档
ҽ
λа񡣡񼸲̨ףӻЩʶѣ棬ǶǺˡ
šͷ񣬡Źһɫͱ˵ڵѾλˣҪҵ塣
ôأ죬ʹ˽Ҳ֪ƳλǼΣҼʼС¡
濴һۣһֹڽʱͨطƳ棬λһƳֹ˵ƿʳѪ⣬һ´ҲֻʣտˣʱǴҲ졣
ɫɷף˵
ٷҲ֪νϲһЩϡŹֵķӣҲа취
ǡڲһƬհף˶ڷ
ˣǰΣҾٰһΡ

γѣŸĵѵ˾֢جģʱԺ岻ǲ𣿡
ͻȻէ֣һ
ɡһ
߲ߣûлشǴ仰õ˿϶Ļظ
ңҾͲȥˡһһǸһ̰ˣͺëֱ
ǸɽǸɱ궼ûôĿˡ
ǸˡǸ
Ŀ˸£èһȥɣңһҪұ޼ء
ȱҡ·Ϊѡ
˶˵ҡͷˡ
·ʱǸռԤϵ£Ƿģ϶֪
*
աȽĵ¥
Ҫ˵󲿷ֵݶǹȷƵģϲϸ΢ǴµģӣǼԼ˵ģ̹
ǰӣȴֱܸӵìܳ
ӵ͵ȴִݻ
ݶЪɽɣͼĲľޣϸ΢ĵҲһ̣·һֲһֲ٣˹ңȡ
Ȼϲңɫһ·̸ǵͷ¥ϣ洦Ƕɫϡʯ߹ңֱۡ
ϡѽ谵ɢسϣɫƤë£Ƥƿˡ
ߡƫͷƵط
Ҳһתӹ󷽵ˡ
챦ݰݣǰϼ˹ͼڣ΢ǵزһ
˫۾綴·ǰΡ
ֻһۣʹͷק˰ӡ
󣬾ؿϵˣɷ¶
ֱǰ˺ΣգȴϵΣա
ĪʳͷϵҲ˻λơ
˷ʱˡ治Ϳڵһ£ʱ
תߣ̳һָǰһָΪǣȷ
ˡ
սȭͷȷ
ĪʳһЦҲû໰ɢֱߵĹ뼸öͭǮߴ¶Ĳһ£̰֮˿ڡ
ü
ͭǮײǵ·ڶߣﾲֻõƵײ
塱öͭǮ䣬ס˺
ôżǰ
ʱ̵ŰաֱӣζؿŮˡ
ǿ̲ʣתߡ
˳ţԤ̨ףھʹһ΢Ŀ
Ľһ٣ջɫ糣¥
ڣĪʳٴ谵ķ䣬ȻĨȥǵѪ
ֱֱ£΢ϵҲһ㻻˷λ
ӦǾְ


49 

պʱ, ǾǰŰա¥Ŷ˵
ɫ̫ɽ, ԼһʱŻ
л׹֪Ѿˡ
Ҳлϴζе
ҡͷ, ȻǰѾȥסҾͲǹȥˡ
֮ǰ, ˵Ȱһ䣬ﲻʺ˶͸Ͽȥա
˵, ˾֡
ֱıӰȫʧ, ŻعͷǸˡ
š
ǲ¡԰׵, ŬһĨЦ
*
һƬ, Цﻶ̸, ź׵۾ԭΪ޲û뵽Ĩˮеġ
̾, , ŬŬ, ˵ͳˣ
ƳԼϯ͵ܵ˺
ֻһͷڣĵţҲûע⵽ˡ
Ž, ̨Ʈļˣ̲סӡ
ԶԹڵĲȣĿһ˿СϡҲ֪һͳһʳ
Сĵװ˼̣ûһ˿ΪƻԲʱȴͻȻסˡ
ҵĲҪȥģ
ʮ㣬һתͷεسŲ˵ĹͷЦЦ۾һתұ㣬˵ӰɶӾ׶
ǹͷšü˼֮ʣһ̧ţѸʳˡ
ѣֵܣιʳ

ˮԣϣŶҡҷϸҶָʶشڰϡ
ǰȣЩˡ
õģ𣿡ૡ
ᡣķ˿ڿУ׹Ҳ˵ˣλŹ֮ĪҪٶˡ
˵ģһֱߣһֱ㡣ʹ֪ҪҲһֱţһصߡ
Щ£ֻ޵Ϊβʦ֮˵Ҳ
ƳλʳѪ⣬졭Щһת֮ȥ
۶۵룬ʦôģˡҲǲġ
ͣܲˣٺõҩҲȲˡ
ʱԼأˣҲʹԼܣֻҶ͵͵ޡ
ûг
İ񣬻ᣬŸո𲽣߽硣ǰ̫࣬ҪúôˣΪʲô
벻ס
Ϊʲôôƽˣȴʳƽ˳һİγָɾȴҪҹļԳ伲ࡣ
ƽ
ϸϸ֣룬ȷʵˡ
ԼСϣůϤ۾·ֻԼԸеһ˿Ķ
мдǾᣬͷؿӣī
ʱͿ¥һŮ
һʳᵽ˸ǰһٺңӶ˰գЩ԰գͷĲɫ
Ҳ֪ĳ˳ԲߣרЩġ
һ˰ڳ촽⶯лл㡭
һ٣ʳУ㣬˭˭ѣ㻹ҿʲôѽ뵱ͷǹĽ顣
ѵʱ򣬶ؿûٻæ
ҵĵ̣ܹشȥιһѾⲻȥˣԺȴֵܲˣҾ͵ǼʱǿҪúдҡ
һ蹻ԣ
Ĺ˵ҲðٰʮϯȰգ
˾ƻգȴһɨƣЦˡ
ЦݣҲһɡ
ջȷʵˣڰŷҲܻ񣬼빭𱳳
˿ûʲôֵĵط˿С㣬ǶԵ㣬˿ͷɳԲɾɽȪˬۻ֤˻ԣ
ĵζ̲ס뱳ŻҲæ¿ӣȥ˳ı
գ۾ǡ
ˣ
ٱҲ֪Ů˻ʱַӦ
ӹӣ˲졣
šͰһۣЦŵͷ
ҪҪɵ
ҪȻҪȸԾ⻹ǵһɵ
е˭
СȫԼһζָ嵭Ĳˡ
Цӹ
һƨԱߣļĽֵܡ
ʲôʱҲٶȾͺˡ
Ľж˿ˣԼࡣ
˲ͷҲ밡ֻһ£ʲôġ
ˣ˵ˡӻ֣Ҫһֱ𣿡
ţ˵Ǻʱ̻
ֱһţҲ£һա
*
ȻʱһһӰͳڲԶСϡ
۾һ£ҲԺ۾
ˣ
š
񻹿ϴ˯Ӷˣȥ
ţãȻţǵӰ¥ӭȥ壡壡
ԶͶ䣬һ궼ûˡ
壬ˣǶþˡڵǰȥĸӡ
ǣ嶨һ٣ԼǰӰ
ѡܣȻתͷܵ塣
߽ˣǿҪĺ룬һ۾ϳ㣡

Ҳû뵽ڰĵˣһ㶣һԵ꣬Ȼա
Źϣ͵ǽǣ˺°ճŵļٺ롣
ӻðɣûŵļˣԹԼ£ʵ
ͦͦõġ˿ĭ壬ҷ
ɳڻҪЩӪĶԼҲҽҲ֪Ļ
ε֪ͻȻһҷ˰̥ҩǴϵҩζУ
͵ؿޣϵҩζӣһű֪ǳҩĴ򽻵
ôһ֪ҷϵġû˵꣬ͼ̾Ϣҡͷ
ûˡ
һ㶡
壬ɵðֵܿˣȻҸɶӾû׵ˣ֡
ֻǰһڣôᡭ
弫񣬡㷳ˣ
ֿˣ޻򶨣Ůȴҡҡ׹Ҫһ
һû˵ءæûˣҲˣأǿԾȵġ
͵̧ͷ
ǡеѶȵģҪȥ
񣬴ǰʲôԸֻҪֻܾҪܾ
ֳϣ
仰һѵۣŲߣسϵȥ
˸飬æƲֲֹۣңԼûꡭ

ʱ˴ݳŬƽûϵֻҪϣһЩ÷չ
˴һƫƧӣǿ˺öģǰѾˣǽסһ£Ҷ׼ˡ
ٺ˺ֹܲססȥ
Ϣ˺þöûš
ôȥĶˣ

50 

񻨴齵ľһζȻƮҡ, Ҽ䣬һֻױڰֺˮ֮ץ˼, ݰס˴ͷĵľ
ϢңԲ󵭷۵ָ÷, ʱһֻڹǷĴɴ, ֽ˻ȥ
úЪƬ, ڱ㴫OO@@
ʹ, ϵŶǶİһ۶ûƴϴݳˡ
İ£˿ī, ᴹŮѩ׵ļ, ÿͷϵź, Уĺۼ֡
Īʳҵı䣬ͷɢضĶ
ϰһ㣬ɫԴų, ȴ侲ᶨ
˿žһ¡
ϵˡ͡һЦ, ǸĵŮˡ
䵭, ˵ֻһס
еģԷʣΪҪ
ȻǲӰʲôЦЦ
Ϊι
Ϊ֪һܡ֧ͷ
ǶܵõԼҪģܹƽ𣿡ɫ, ԣһֻʲôط
ĪʳǰʮҹĺȦƤ͵Σǽҹ׵ĴΣ
˴Լƽ̵¯βſڵǷţ´β
ûйͷһ̱ڱŮ˵ıۺʱͦñֱ侲ᶨκ¡
ɢգоƽ
ڽ֡ͻȻڡ
һ㶣ûһֻ澹Ȼڰ塣
õ𰸣ʺñӣͷĵӾſȥ
𣿡̤żһ̣ͻȻ
ί
ҲԼ𣿻ǰᣬڣȴüΪƽ
š顱غϣݻٴƽ

صסԶԶƼһӰǰǰȥ
ѡ
֧Դһͷ͵һһӾѹ
棬˰˸Ƿ
ʲô治⡣
һ˲ŶǸƹˣ˵о˷ӣ
ʣôˣĶȥˣ
ţĬƬ̵ȥһˣ˵ա
ɾ࣬뿪ٵЩ꣬·趼ûбˡ
Ҫʲô浹˱ݸȻ԰˽⡣
̾˿ҪɽϢľ顣
һǰҲֻҿڣ˾뵽ⷽҲ˵
Ϊ̫ˡ
ɽĵ˵֪˭Ϣľˣֻ˵ȴûô̵ʱ䣬ҪŪⶫ
һɽģֻҪʲôˣⷽգպӦһֻѲã񱣹Ϊ̵Ķ
ΪˣԹִͷɲÿС
Ϣľ飬ûĶȥңΪˡ
ϢľԱࡣ˵žͻȻ뵽һˣǰԼ÷˵
Ųѣȥ÷á
÷ãȡ
š
˵˻ƣǣЩⲻȥЩ᲻ߡ
͵ƽ۴Ҫ׵ɫ˴ȣ棬лл㣬ŶҲлл㡣
֪Ϣľ
˰֣ճûţҲƣ£Ҳҹֻһʱһ͵ȥֿˡ
δȥȻĪʳ˵ˣǾӦò
̰ԣ١
뵽۾ͻȻԼδҩ
ӣ񣬽ˡ
ŶõġִٵվǣȲˡ
ţʲô˵ɡ
ſڣͻȻһ£棬дһӣҰָܺã͸ù
һҪ
һ٣۾תӣͷŴֽƺСʮգ
һ죬ϵĵȫж£Լ򿪿ɣ
ôһ
֪
áͷ
糣Ըš
ŲԶ±ӣԡͰԼ͸ˮС
ϰ߲ǺۣѩϸļĿۡ
ôҲϰֻ蹷ϰԣͷϸϸϴ
ȫ׵Ь齣һ£һ˿˯ҲޣӶǽ֡
*
һ磬ˬ밢סǷµϢ
һҹû˯ãҲ˲ϳͣ˵ȥ÷
ԣȥ÷ɽǱ뷨ӡ˵˭ɽǳ˶ϣҲֻж׽ˡ
ɲɣ̵ͷ游
ʱֽȣȥ÷Ƕ̽̽ɣɽ취
Ҳ֪Ҫôл㡣֪ѩ̿Ƚ
жԺĴСӵĲжŮĲҶһˣһǮ
ѣۻõİաŵů}ûţɲòҩ
ãǾף彡ŵԶ֣
⻹ࡣ
ĻѾҲճΪ˱˶ĿǴǳС
˵÷Ϊ˹Ƨһסһ˶ƫƧ
Сʱʱˣ˵ʱǸʻõˡ
Ϊʲôǰܵδйءһ·ϣܰԼ֪˵
˴ʮͶˣֻҪ˫ĸͷŮҲ¶嶤ˣԺҲѲˡ
÷õ÷δڻǰһ겻֪Ϊ͵ܳ˰壬һ˶Ӵû
һԸͱˣҲٴˣԼһ˰ᵽƫƧĵط
Ҫ֪ǲģһЩԭ򣬲Ȼһ͵ȥˣͻᱻӴ˾Ͳǰˣ̤һ
˶ǸһΣߵʱᳬһܡ
Ȼˣ⡣͵ҲհףҸԭϣҲǰˣĸǡ
ѱˣҲˣֻСʱ򱻽ӹ˼Ů֮顣
˼ֱ˵⡣
Ҳֻżʡ
Ȼôʱ䵽ʶˣҪǰˣҾ͵һӱˣʲô
ĸס
˵ô֮࣬÷õƢԲãһ˵Ҫȡ֪𣡡ѣһҪȡ
ͰĻƶǶҲǼвУ
˵䣬һǰ                        


51 

ܹ߰, žɵĵ¥ּ䣬˵ǻһңͽǰһԲοյ, ֦Ҷɨøɾϻƺֵ
, ϲֵҲ߽࣬, ԼﴫĻ
Űֱֻۣⳡʶ
ŵǰ˿ţ¾ͷһ, ÷, ǰ񣬿Խ𣿡
һͣЪ, , ϵ𣺡
˿, ɫš
һתͷͿһźɫņ̃ͷ¶ֻ۾ֱֱ
һˣſڳ, ÷, ÷á
ʲô÷ü, ϲ˴š
ҡҿƽһסµ˵˵ӲͷƤ
÷Ȼǲţ׶Ҳֻڴǰ, ż죬˵һֱͷ
̰ԣӲ
Ҳ֪׶ô̵ܽģ
˫۾Ѿסˣ˫ֲڱϽǽ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡÷õǸԲ÷ãҪģҵѣ㡣
˵ţͷ㵽ȥˣſھεؿͰ۾գѽգǧֻһ仰ҲУǵ̫ǿ
÷øӣͷſڵĹһ۾̽Ķˣˣ
ţĿͷǸϡ
죬ԭΪһû뵽ȴǸʮµĸˡ
ƽţ죬ֻһ߳ſھ˵ҲҴǰ׶ĺ֪㻹벻Ҫˣ
ĻԼѾ΢ڵĦˣҲҴġ
㻹˭ߣϵ֮Χ󣬰δƹѵǻԼ߽ģ
еĸоŹ֣ǰǱԼ߽ġ
͵ͷ
÷ñƵĻͻȻʲôһۣ֯˵գʲô
һŷ̴ȴ˵̫̫ĵӣǰؿֱƣǰ֪ϢľϢ
֪Ϣľ󣬡ĺҪֻҪϸǣʲôԸ
÷һϢľ飬ɫ͵س£һģôĵӣСС˾ıҲ죡
۾һ֪Բԣ
Ҳǵģҹȥ
ȴּ
ͻȻ£һͷǰ֪ҷһ
̼㣬ȴ˦֣ʲôԸЩޱǰеļˮҶɣҲҽĦڻ£ǰҪ
һԵ˶ܣᰢˡ
絶ʣϵӰɽЦ̵ӰϽ棬󶨸ǰӰϡ
ȭͷϥˡһڵϣǰһ
ԣ÷ãȾѡžУҲźͨһˡ
÷ޱؿǰˣеӽս
ડડľ֯ϣͷҵɫľͷûлص
ણһ¡
Ԥף͵һͻȻţӿһ
ͬƣ÷òü
ԵһѪ۽ǵʺתͷؿŵϵѪһ˲Щհס
ֱֲزǵѪ񡭡
ЩҡΣģؽߴǸŮתİᳶû¡
÷ۿǣӣ˰Ѵɨ㣬˻ӹȥߣû˵Ϣľ飬ҹȥ
ɨƣȫ˳ȥ顱عš
*
֡
ǰʹ֮أͷϢųǧĳӣȻ尲֮ͯˣȥԵشѡƳɹơ
Ҳֻȥǳ㡣
֮Խн֣ƬֶֹڣֹڵģǳԵشĸǱΣյİ
һ̵һǧȥƬľĵط
߽ɫܼؾۼڴƬϣųĳɳ淢O@죬׳䶯ʳϵҶҲбŵСڳɺ״Ĵţ֮һƬͺ
ʼԭ棬ûоǶҲûпʼʳѪ˱Ұȫ
ŵӣݵشڸɫ֮䡣
ãïܣҲԽԽ֦Ҷչܵص档
һȦľͷΧס򴦣Ȼͣ
ˡ
ӣһ׼ȥʱȻһһô
ЩЩɧһ
ҪƵɢĳʬҲѰһŮ
ҧжĿ̫ˡԭ򶷲ֻܼбѡзͬһ͸ƹʱǲŻᷢɱ
ҪϡŮü
˵ôôùһ峤裬涼ˣÿĵսսֲ鿴
û棬Ҳû취һӡ嶼Ҫ𣬱˵ˡ
⹷յģһ˺ȫ壬һ˵ãأ
¸Ůʵɺޣôʲôʲô
˵ˣ˵ķöϾ춨գܾﲻ̤ʵ
ҲãεɧѰˡ
һֻɫС˳ϣƫͷյȭͷ֣Ż֦ϣԳŸղ˳ĵطȥ

콥
*
ŰǰŰ֣Ĭعڵϡ
ôȰǹִعš
֪ҵĳ⡣
תͷŰʹ԰׵ɫһ㣬Լô죿Ѿ֧Ųˣ
ŵĿոнȥˣԺۣ۵ľСȴļ°͡
ԭԲģ㱵롣
Ȱ޹Ա߷ȥһиôţиʲô¶
÷ã÷ã㿴ǣһòһУ𣡡ŵӳݴ󺰣˸
꣬δҶϣ˳ŻҶƬ䣬ӡ
̧ͷ£ķ䡢ͷëϣ˿ճϣתͷŽյţʹ֡
죬а죬ؼĻ
ˮ͸ȹڣˮ˳ŷ˿䡣
СһƬɬúӣǿһЩײǲϧ㣬͸Һÿһ춼ϧڴ
սеĴ֣ͷѪɫա
Ҹ

52 

ԽԽ, ۾ȫʪ͸ˣؿһıӰ, һȭԱߵϡ
Ҷϵˮȫ䵽ͷ
ĨһȴĴֵ̧ܻ, һˮУʱ̱С
ҡҡλ, ּһۿҪϵȥˡ
æ˹ȥ˽ס
˳, Ҿ֪֪һסǵġ
еκǵů, 㡰ۡһ˳׻˵ж᲻ᵯȴؼǵԼݵһμֵܵʱ
ٴμʱ˱Ÿ, ׳ŵԼ, ̸ֵҲ, ͸ǰ¶Ľѡ
źͳϵѰŻȥ˵죬ֵҲһ˷, ֪Լһ˶á
˵, вǵĵ
Ҳֲϵˮ, ӣģҲ֪˻ǵ˰˱ùͷ껹ҪܣԺǲǻҪвٲİ
, ЦЦٻش֣˶У鷳ˡֵܡ
˵ţԳŵ棬ʹվǵؿˡ
ˣ㱧ȥһѱð첽ͻǵסȻۻ

ǷˣԱգʲô¶ǵýңȻȥˡ
š֨ѽһ˺ϡ
̿ȼգʪ͸·ڻԺ濾ţƿɽȥỷסı
עϵˮʣ紵֦ⲻסҡڡ
ڣ̿𰲾ȼţů⽥𣬱չ೤ϢҲۡ
δȼĲ̼žһëʶСȴһֻռλá
ů
ûκʹУһ
ֱ
䲻䣿Ķʵ
ҡҡͷѾȫ侲
ôʹ𣿡ֿסת
£ѾöˡӦԼڵĹƳƶλã÷һű
Բ˼ǲܡٻʱҪעһǾͷЩ¡
ʱûԼһУǺӡ
ȥ롣
ԲҲǸĸס۾ɬ޾ĻںϮʧʹҲǸĸףҲǡҺû쵰ءһҵġ
Ǻ˳ĪҪ˵ˣģôأ
ˣҪȥ棬ʶָСҪǸͯʲôĹŮСİôǸĸף
ӣŨǡŮ͡СŮ
ãĹŮСŮĨϵۣĪҪٿޱˡ
촽⶯˼£ԹԱˡ
Ů͹Ůա
ˡĻڹԼҪǰ̬ҪȣԼҲҪغ塣
һЦһ¡
˵˻Ļ𽥺˯ˣþȥ÷Ƕ
ȫ˯󣬰ͻȻ۾ĳ֣ȻϢػ·뿪ӡ
ķλһ·Уֻһӿһȣüǿѹȥ
һ̸ֱҹɫӵسİա
ؿһۣתûҹɫС
·֦Ҷҹɫ˽өɽʯͷ
üⲻǡ¹ĹƷ
*
ڶգһˬ
һԵİȻϿ˴齡
˰ʱŸʳкˮҳţ߰ա
ͷʱıͰһܹŹ֣˼ѡ˿أʳһţͦعȥ
ϥ϶޲һˣ̧ͷ죬ܺãơ
תͷԱߵλã񣬹
Զ˾ͳԣ˾ͺȵķޣԼӲаѰٻ޵Ҳҵġ
˿ɾأ
˦˦֣׵ˣԼǻȥúĥô⹫õɽİա
Աˣʮسǰﺰһ÷ãǾţ㲻ӦǾһֱţúÿһ£ӻһˣ
ʱͿһĻƤһĿбӵƹǡ
һţͷ͹˽÷ǣŰ棬ɡ
ôˣϿ쳣֮ɫ浹˱ˮ
ţȥ
Ŀģɫ÷ãȥ˽֣⼸պǶܲ֡
ϳʬĿ屶
÷õɫһ⼸˭ȥѲӽֵģ
ʵ׶֪𣿡
涯һ٣ŻشȥʱѾˣ̸ʱѾ˵Ҫȥϡ
÷üͷ壬⼸굣ĵ»Ƿˡȷʵǲɻȱ
˵ʶʲôİ֣Ǹúӣ÷֪Щ˺ܶί±Ͳùͷϡ
㸸㸸ף㣬㲻뷨ԱԼ
ҡҡͷġ
ӺܾǰʹȻ̽Ѱ˹ڳİأ˽һɱһֻʣµѾɱɽɫĳƳɹƣѪιĽϹƵ
̽Ѱ˳ܣɿǣͬʱҲȻıӦ
ǵıҶ̣˲òһƬƳɹѹǣǽֵ
ʮǰһ峤֪ιʽ涼ˣԼҲηɱĻ̻̣û棬͵ڽּʧأǷ׷׽ìͷ׼δŮ
ʱΣսȭͷ
÷ãѾ֪һֻˡƽԼ
ģ÷þȣȻ֪Ϊʮֻ棬˶ٿͷû뵽һֻҲˡ
ڽ֡
ڽ֡÷˼⣬ڽӦþˣֻΪһֻڽ֣ǰֻûһֻڰ巶Χġ
ĪʳռλãӦò
ĪǸ磬÷ҲˣĪҵռ
Ҳͷ˴ˡ÷һ棬ڳɧҲӭжˡ
ˣѹڲϵĿҪˡ
Ҫлл˼ҵģһ꣬һֱڰæռλá÷ø̾
лл𣿰ٶ۵룬ǵһνʲôʱأ

53 

Ǹĵ, ĸ׸ᣬجج֪Ҫȥδ˵ָָָ޷˿е㯡
Ľ, һһϰŴǰ׽̸Ŀֶ, Ӷòȣ˵϶ˡ
Ӳ֪ǳ峤֮Ů, ֮ĸǰζʹ߬סؿڵĳ
ֻһ
, 
ǻӿһ, ֲǲʻǷŭǽվ𽥼ᶨ
Ӱ, Ѿȫ
мž, ˳СƬƻͨȥ, ֻе·ǰïܵĲݴ﷢ϸϸ졣
ϸֺƻһֵĴϢ, ŵ, Сؿȥ
ݴ, ͱĿѩ׾ľ󾪵ˣغˣȴСĲһ֦
ʱͻȻһӰϡ
˭Ӳݴд
Ƭ̣˷紵Ҷɳɳ, Ҳûб졣
ҪǻȥաһŮ
¸ƨϹˣҶˣѵеˣɤӣּ͵ظȥ
վڸߴ¾֫Ŀͨ죬Ʋ۾򶨵ؿһµؿŵ¡ݡꡣ
ĪʳϵΨһһ֧յѪ
ĪҲһνܳ峤˵λ峤ֶιҲǿһգһصŮӣ˷ӭȢ
ŮС»ɷ򣬵һȴΪ֣ǱǵĺһĪ
û뵽ǣλ峤ȻЭˡ
˲֪ǰûе츳峤뽫ΪСֻû뵽ģ谮Ҫʹġ
ĺȷʵȫ̳츳ֻÿһˡ
ĪÿһֻһӣĪʳһ硣
ݴĶңǿԼҪȥ
ʱϵ꿪ˣ档
ֵĪʳƺûй֪ΪλϵԼ
㿴Щˣö࿪ġض˶ȣվ
Ҳһ£òãϣĿ𾪵ؿزһꡣ
ָŮϸ֫İ̵ȶ͵һܵƿ
ѵ֪ʮֻ𣿡߼ѵõǵͬ𣿡
ڵ·ֱϷģʺͷߺްŵ·ߣױǹա
Ҫ֪ģҶ֪
ӦңҾ͸һֻ
ǵģ֪λãǶץ׷µĴͻᱻĨȥԼҲǰһ¡
ÿһֶ˵ջʼĬأ˵ֿ˫֡
Զǵһ˺ѵʹԼɺ˫
ǵĹϵһֱάֵڡ
棿÷ǰ˻֣ӻء
泶˳ǣ÷ãһ£Ͳˣһֻһᾡһġ
̫Լˡ÷̾
š뵽ͷļˣԥ÷ãǶˡ
¶Ҳ֪÷üõشзִ硣
۰Ͱ͵ؿţ˿ˮ׼µһ̣ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
÷ã÷áŵĸ˱һ󻹸ײСβ͡
˻ûͼغ÷ãСַ֢
÷ãִˣĶܵͷ󺹡
ҲÿĽŲ
ŮкĴҴҵˡ
ˮңŲӿŸ˻ĺӡ
Ӵɫ԰ףϵؿԺɫʹĸ׻һ㡣
÷ÿ첽ǰӹӲ鿴ôˣ
ûŮ۵ؿԼĺӣȥ˺ӱߣŵ˱˿ѬζСҩŻææҩȫ˺
÷ãȾáСҡȣɫҡ
Ѿþû֢ˣˣֱȻæõ¶ҩֻһͱʯͷһӡ
ҩȫûˡ
æûؼ
ѽôĸġ÷ñӣҩĲһЩûֳɵҩ
࣬˶ҽֻǵĵ㶼ڶҧ˵ϣЩϡٵĲó
÷ȴΪһЩԭѧЩಡ˴
ôѽŮ˼ת
ͷʱͿⳳֵһĻʳУʵôˣ
򴽣ƺǸӷˡ
ŰļվϳˣŲһӿ죬ǰˣзΡ
ϵⲡ÷úɵȴס֡
Ǵ֪ôΡ֣ͳԷļһ
ҲǰǻҽܸܵģǰݵߣŶǲ֪
Դǵ˶ҽʲô֢Ρ
һۣٹ˰ɣ
ô˵ǵĳ㶼һµġ
⼱ͷ󺹵ĸ׵飬ҽӴҽʮˣҲκùܶˣ⺢ӵĴ䲻ϸΣѹסǿԵġ
÷ýŽɣСƴԽԽ˸ϽȥҩҲûĺð취СѾƵƵͷˣϽԼٰѺﱧ
û˱⼸Ůˣֻͳ룬زϵѨλϣֻۻңһȻ֡
Ƭ̺󣬺ӵĺһСȻĨӲ
룬СŮЩ΢ô
뵽²Ŵ
һԵ÷Դӿ뷨󣬾ֱסˡ
Сȼ伷ؿ۰תͷſ͵͵е
СûʰŮĶֳٴεлСȫȶű˯ĺ뿪ˡ
ߺ÷һץסʰ֣۾ǰµͽܣ
է¡֣һʱЩԴɽǳѰ˵ķ粨ȥҲûӱ˿ʦˡ
ٴȷ置
ᵽɤۣæ񶨵ǣûˡ
ʦǷծأ
˵ţͻȻ֣ʦաסǰ壬˵÷ʱľѲɡͫ׷Ŵ
ʦǷծ
Ūңһûϵز÷һ
뷨Ҳֻͽܻˡ
ǰǹϤС
ǵꡭǸֵĵ¥ϵƮѩ̴ñŮӡԺеĳغϡ
еһӴסˡ
ͷ
СﻹףΪԼûǡ
С翴ƽã͵͵˳׵½ǣϵǣǾǵϴץߵˡ
С۾Ƭֿ̣Ż˯ŮһֻŶӵԴСԣȥ˵÷зִ硣                        


54 

ıӰһ
, ڰȥ, ͼ÷۾תһɡ
ۿæֱȥ, ɷµصͷ, 
⻰÷öҹӽУûκηӦֺ, ȸҳȥ
ˡһסš
æת, αˮؿ
һɫȻ÷, ֹ
ʲô, ֲ÷ò, üͷס˸һߣ̫, ͽһӡ
СŮСŮ, ЩŮ鳤
䡭Ҳпԭ
˵ʲô, ǰžͲ桰顱غˡ
ż쳤ӣۿŹˣǵӰҲתͷ˫ֹصطϡ
Ų, ֻܴĦжѾſߵ̨Ͼɵ֯ԡ
ʲôߡɳƲϵӱʶֱͦ˱
ãõġ
ҲԼΪҲʦǲϵֻǹʦŲĳϣ
ĥعȥֱŵĴ͵Ķߡ
÷Ҳû˵ֽŲԹԳĬеߣĴһȦȦתţɵоͱšһߡ
㷲У÷ÿˡ
ˡ÷ڷĴתļ϶մģ
Ҳ֪ں˵Ҳ˵ʦɵĻ쵰һ㵽Լͷˡ
ʦôˣͻȻʵ
ƽ͵й죬ǰδԹ˻糣ʺ򣿲һ
аתǧأɵǰˡ
÷סˣٻص˵ͷȻҲǣǶϹͷˡ
벻ҲᲡ
ԽԽе֣СԹ
Թ÷ૣ˵˺ܳһλԴӿ˵һ仰
ʦˣĸСͲκ˷͵һЦҲǣĹۡ
һǳͬص˵ͷ
ԹԻʮ궨ף˵δޣ˵֪ƲϹҲ˶˵仰
ȫ˻˶˵Ӻãʵǲ˵˽Ӵͦģ٩٩̸оҽԱưһֻܵͷá
ЦһɳȴҲܸܵ顣
ţҲȥҲ
ȥ˸鲻ʵǺأΪʲôʦ뿪أ
÷öƬ̣̾һҪ˵ʦˣߣһֻҽ˹ãȴҽȻıССĹȵס
׷ϲҽߵľ磬ԡˡ̼ǵõ͵ܳǸϣе׳־Լ֡
ܾˡ
ΪԼԼ׷壬Уǰˣ͸õΣ͸ѭѵƬɽ
ߺԼѰɰᵽ긴һ꣬ոһգҲӡ÷ˡ÷á
ٴμʱҲǲ֮䣬һСޣ͵͵˰塣
ҵһμ㣬ż´󡣡÷ÿ˵
죬ΪһӡûУֻǵʱ
ҵʱһѾôͷˣιʻС˼䣬֪ԭġ
˵òЦһҽõĴ򣬻רС޸ôŵЦ˵һδϹô֪
ʱһҲϺȣһͷղӵĸ¹㡣
һһ㶵ģӤļޣԼûӡȷʵû뵽ʦġ
һˣҲߣԼ⣬ҽҲһҽԺҽ˰ΪĹ
˵۽յţ촽ҲԵְգ
˵ͣҲҪж׹ˡǲŵģһϾˣͷʲôˡ
Ҳ˵һټˡ÷ŵǳܵͷ̾˿û뵽Ťһ־ʮꡣ
˶ˡԼƤƵ룬ԼҲ˰գ
ߣ̾вζ
÷ãҡտڣͱֹˡ
һ˾һա·Ĵߵҡαߡ
ƣģԥ˼»վſȥ
ҪĶðաָմţڵ
šѹ¼飬ƿţչ˲˽
ͷһֱ߶šôô
ðҲѰŽȥȴסˡ
һţͿ΢顣
ɵϡЦ˽ĻУʶؽסˡ
չá
*
÷Ƕ뿪һֻ棬룬ջȥǸϲĵط
һݻţȴͷһЦ
ʳ˵ÿ𣿡ŮӷãһȦ
ÿʻÿɢϣŮϷš
һһЦζȷʵǰѵõˡ
ŮЦſȥʣ˵ǲģ
ĪʳΪشƤҲûش
˵ѽ˵ѽػ֡
ĪʳЩͷȴͻȻƳſǵϤٻӰ˹³һ֡ǡ
ŮӸʱԵͻȻ˿ڣͷʲôˣվʲô
Ůһתſڡ
Ƭ̣ƽƿš
˼ŵˡ
ŮӻĪʳߣü棬㣿Ǹ֮Ů
ĲʱЩٹƽؿˡ
ĪʳͻȻЩȤƿԵŮӣ߰ա
Ȼһߵһ˯齣£ƽ
Ůӿ˿˵ıӰٿ棬һţŭˡ
֮ǰײһ£ȴ
£˵ɣ֪ʲôϵʡ
ڽֵľλá濴ǰԼȻͬһֻ׷ֵˣ䲻ȵ
ǡֻýոⷳ꣬λãû˵ڽ֡
սֵĳɧƵ濴ǵʱ䲻ˡ
ĪʳƬֻ̣иˣͻȻÿ°ۣ֪
ǣǾ͹
濴һ֪սȭͷ
ϴǷµġ򴽡
ȭͷиĬؿᲽǰ


55 

Ϣľ÷, ʵǼ֮飬ͳðΪ⡣
ܡ۾˵
ιʲ˵, ֲ֡
չ͸ϡƴ͸Ҷ©, ɫʱ
תͷݣƺҲҵɭĿɰ֮
÷˵Ļ, ֻڷ۳ͷҩʦĪȻ
УһϪ, Ѳ԰٩٩̸, ŮϥһԾ︴յGGӻҶ絽ѩ
, ա
˽Ĳ, İ׷, ҲҰĺ룬б˲⣬޷˵ذԵġ
ֻǣ뿪ǰ, ǷԼĴ뿪ʱ, ֵһ, Ƿԥ
룬ܶйɣѡ˳ȫ
ѵһ֪ʦǷҲڹ
ûûֻνҽˣĸԸԼ׷
ȻһЦ, ֻԼðջΪʲôա
תͷЦرסĸ첲һֻŲ鲻Ը񣬡߰ɣȥˣ̫ɹ˵ġ

Ͱصס֮ȴǰ·Ƿֿˣ˵Ҫæ
УǶ÷˵ˣҲҪӿչˣ¶ġ
߽⹫ĴլЦǺǵͬ±кȻˣ͵͵˰ϵԷ
õ⹫ضĵطֻԷˡ
⼸һֱڵȣڲˡ
ԼǵСʱձеĽ븸ףֲͣǸĹִͷ
ΪЦ̫죬׵ԼŵõУ·𴥵ʲôء
뵽˫ȭӵĽϸϸĦ
ǱԵ齵¡ͻȻ֪˺δһ٣̽ͷһ
һס
ϸоһ£ƺͦͨģŬԽ漴Ŀŵ˴齵ıͷ䡣
׶صػصסû뵽һô졣
Ǹˣ
üͷҲƺϵӻΪһ壬˼䣬ƿԼš
˫۾۵СۣƬ̺ʣϷʲô
ֱ壬еĨ˼£һЦأ
˵ţĨȡ
Ϻһ̣ԽԽ۶˳ȥ
ӣղŴʱεһԿףһ˦Ĩسš
Ĩһķϣҹдõ¸ӣȥ
ţһϲдĹµġ
ţƼǵϤֱͦٻӰƲסԶԶкȴȻЩͷ
һõŮʲô
ǰȻЩ
ǵģСЩˣЩôû˵
һм䣬ͦŸܵӵŮʲôߴߴֻ񣬰岻Ҫ𣿡
ŮӲմϵķĭĴһͷǰеݵݣŭԡ
һ۱䵭Ůˣߺ޵ضһţܿˡ
ӱǻһмߣתոĶˣסԼ۾ǰһο
棬ЩĻ㲻Ҫϣǵ۾䶼ǳ˵ġ
;˵ֻΪ˷йеĲʹ죬ѱ˵޹֮˵ͷϡ
֪Ȼһı飬ĵһֻԼȻתͷƴðȥ档
ᣬһֱϣĸһ
棬仹кܶõĶһЩܻҵһϲġ
ϣȥ׷Լϲ£Ǳۡ
ⱾͲĴ
ϣ֪ЩǷĵġ
ϲǸİĴʣ롣
ʱԼҲһ׷ѰֻϧѾزͷˣУѾͰ
ܺ˵ĸӣȤģһǵҪཻĳһ̣ͻȻʢâĺ塣
񡭡ҡһӲ֪˵Щʲô
üڵĴߴУֽ̧ӹֽ
̧֣϶һƳЦؽסˡ
񣿡ֽ鲻治̧ͷ
ʲôһ飬ڵקڡ
棬⡭ЩʲôӲ΢΢
һԼۻˡ
ץڵĶϵҲߣۼ鲼Ҳ޷ƭԼ
ٲ֪£ҲЩʲô
˳Ŀ⣬͵ط֣Ʋͷֲ
ڳĬУ濪˿ڣѾزͷˣһǵ˵Щ
ﲻ˵ԼҲסЩõڴ
ƹŵ񣬽Ųһ٣Һ㲻һģȥѰһܺһֵŮӰա
̣飬ᡣ
ԶȥĽŲ·ѾԼ
*
ҹɫٽĻ˵ӡ
Ͱߴ̨ϣЦ̵ŴǰȤ£ҡβͣⲽԡ
ģЦȥģڲæ
˰׶ıݻҲڰ˸ˡ
ƫͷԴ˰ϡ
֣ǳЦëڵĹԴ
һ֮ʣҡҡλһӰ
ԭȻţɶһƣȴ˾
һ̳ƣһһ
ôˣһۣϽ¥ȥ
ҡҡá¥ϣʹ˸á
æűӿˣζ
û赲һƨռԭȵλãſڰϣһѱһ캰ֵܣҵôôడ
ûֽ˰ˣؿϣȥеľ̳ӡ
һ˦ͷ죬˫ֱס˾̳Ӳá
ѣСҹҪʹֵܲ飡һ˦֣ϵ¡
Ҳȥһʧǵˣεתȥ
ֵܣðִϣʵ˵˺İŮһ𡣡
أǡһЦ
ɿ֣¸ҵغ˵ԲС㡣
ʮգΪ
¸ңͣ⽨ͥİŪ޾ǲС㣬ǡҲڴ档
ЦûȥһۣЩ档
˾ͻ
ˣֵܣһһ¡
Ҳʹ¡
̾һӽ
ƹѲ¥ϣʵɫģģ
Ĳ˶øͬܰգҲķֲҲҡԸ
˸ִڰϡ
ðİŮˡ
żϣǶ˵ĺ°ڵա
Ҳ˵ģܴԽʱ֮ˣá

һߣ·Ƶĸӣһֽл
ϧ                        


56 

˸, ¥ϲʡ£ǴİҡŽ˿Ūõġ
ĵҹеԵ, 綥סȥ˯ˡ
ҹԺ, ˸ǷЩˣ
˵űȥЬ, ߹ȥﰢ˰֡
ҪҲҪҾҪ档ȥմյ, ȴֵȥˡ
ҲЩ, Űֱ򵽣ذסֱۡ
Ҳû뵽ƽʱȥɵֵģ, ҲһΪšΪ, ȻϣԸԳ, ɰ濴һ·ˡ
Щζӣվȥ˴
ҹϣһ˿, Ϻһ
ȻȻؽһ, ε, ġ
Щ⣬ɵЦһԴϣһҪһЩ
, ҲڰԼ
Щǣ֪ԼУô࣬粻
˳Ķ࣡һģ漴ͷķӦ
ĽëСƬӰɵ㶵ǵģ͡һЦ˳
ѵãԴָ뿪ɽ󣬾ͼѼɵıˣʱͣǷһ㡣
׽Ū˼תȫҪôѽ
ɫϣ㶵ţָָͷһţҪðԷҪðϢððġ
ЩԺͷƣôָˣ
Ц̲ססƣͷһ¡
ȴţĹƽˣԼҪҪЩأ
㡣
ɻ
аצӣͷһ˿µ飬й˺һ񫡣
֣ȥ˯գϡ

һҹΣڶգԼͷһ
̲סЦű
ҹҡʹĶǣЩͿ
ҹ㷢˺һƷ裬㿴ͷ֪˰աƫͷһ˵˵
ڵץͷ
ӿһҹһ࣬ԼǲҪˡ
֪ʲôʱѾ뿪ˣֻдڽŹצ
ʰ׼ȥ÷
·ϣͨ÷סСС
˼ҩǸж£̸䣬Ҳ˽⵽Щӵӡ
ıӰʽڳĺҲֻӡ
ֵعһ䣬ĺӺ١
ݵſţ÷ú֪ʱϱð衣
ͷ֯ͷҲû̧ˣ
°գһβ
ע⵽ջɫĲѼ˺öɫʣҲ˺ôһأ֯ˡ
ðҲҶ˵ֲͣۻҼ䣬Ӽһͷ
÷ϸòԱߵ˵ϵĻңͷС䡣
ƿţ˲ﻹôεһš
ȻȴûܻͻȻˡ
˵ͷĬĬһڲ衣
ûãһªĻҲӷ˸ǰ
ǡϢľ飿ôִӾ·ϵľɿڴ۾
ϷŲĲҲɾ١
÷£ƴӲȡһֻĲѣںõϲˮһòŲϢľ鱾ѰҲδһϢľҲҸ״ҵġ
٣ʱеĴϣһ㶼ЩеĶ
һڵ񿾹̼һ㣬⡭ĸˣ
÷ѿڱԵͿԼﱲһۣɫȻûкⶫҲͬһ˹ײ˱ˡ
ͽܡ
֪ľʹ⻰Ʒһɹ¼ţ̲סȥӰο䣬ȴû뵽˱һ㣬ջ֡
÷Щϰߣſһ
ƲƲ죬ס˰ӡ
ھڲˮ°ա÷õ
⻹Ǻȵģ
𾪣ԭΪѬŵģͷᣬҲûųʲôζоôͺñ̫̫ҹ޵Ӥһ
Űɵץһѷ뱭УǣЩмˮ˲ˮָֻ峺
÷ã˵ʲôʱһˡ
㡭
ôŵŹһ˿һı顣
ţʼʱʲô͸ܵˣһ֮𽥴Ӹ¶ϣƽյʹ⡣
оöˡתͷ÷ñȭ֣صлǰ
һҲæлֻʣС˵ҪЩʲô
С
ƺ·һӴʱ
Ӧ˵塣
ɽġûвκβף̴
÷üͷһ壬Сǹأɲù
һܿ˵ףݱ֮ʣ÷ôͷóһ󵶣һ
졣
ǡһףɿؽסѳصĴ󵶡
֪ǰȴ׾ٵʱ˷ݾء
ȴͻȻ԰֪˭µĹ𣿡
ɣҡҡͷ
ֱ˳˶ݣҲûŪһʲô˼
*
ٵĵһͷ󺹿ǰӵСɽ״ĳӣԽԽȻ
û뵽һֻѳ
Ҳ֪ιʣǰһ궯Ƿ·˼ʮǣⲻҪһӿ˹һֻ£ʮֻֻ
ڲŲԼѾԿˡ
뽫ϢˣȻȴһ˿϶Ҳǰͺ·һеļơ
һֻֻɫ쵵ĳĽţȹ˽ȥ
һʹסϢ۾Ⱥ棬ֻҪõ桭
ֻҪʮֻ룬Ѫ굮ЩĳӾȻᱻѹ
ÿһ峤ԼѪ棬ʮֻ滯ΪѪˮʮһֻ뽫ѪˮշΪѪꡣ
ѪζɹƻгӣѪĵǰ塣
ĸǰѣѷ˻Ὣ׳Ϊʮһ߸ףÿһ߸׵һֻ棬ʮһֻ涼Ѫʮֻ滯ΪѪˮιһֻ棬ֱѪ굮
һ峤ܣɽǰ
ֱѪӿ͹ŵӣܷ
ڰߴС˷һ£ֻСɽһǳ˽ȥ潫һִֻӵѿɿȥ
ʱ͵Ϯһ磬˳ѡ
ȻֹŤͷŭؿ֮ˡ

57 

Īʳקסĸ첲, ȫȻûƽյɢ֮⣬Щ٣𣿡
ȥֱ, Ҳûסֻ档
кθϵϵʹӣð, һ˦Ȼû뵽ڼ˲Ϣ, ǶѳɽȴϢѹ˹
ʮɸߵĺɽӳĺڵջ۳ɺ״һ˿չⱻ䶯ĳӵ¡
ٵĵ޷ٶסĳȺײĳԽԽ, Īʳ, ק־ӡ
һǾɿֻţһǶĲ⣬ͷĳȺ, Сɽ״, ״, գĳǵС
˫ֽ֮߳һճĺ
ϵʹÿһӣڵƬ, ʹ, ֧Ųס, ˿õ֦ҶС
㡭ĪʳȻһ裬ƿȹڣֻڰǻһ㣬ۿɼٶϥϷ
Ǻڹộ
ŭʼЦ, Ҳȥı飬òҲǺεĮȻ
֪ϰԣٴİȴһѵӣظԼƣʺѪҺգĴָС˿ڴܿ޵ĳ档
ؿĶ˵ѪҲܿس档
ĪʳѸٳ棬һ˿ԥһѱҲֱԵȥ
ܲ죬˵ٶԽԽ濴󣬱˳еĳӱĶǲٵȴΪϵ㡭
߸
ٵغţͻȻ͵ƿԼײϣȥ֪ͨˡôȥ˭ҲӲˡ
ɫ԰ףеѪͷһۣҽ߰
ĪʳͻȻһӰܵسԼס˷ĳɳ档
ЩһӴѪҺʳ˷ܹͷҩƤ
ԭղĲˣڴ׵ɫ͸ҹĹˡ
Īʳŵһһ㻮ϵƤ⣬ڰ澪㵵УѪ˿˿ڸõҶϣܿΪһɫ
׳ɳŵķ㣬һӵϣγѣ˹ȥĴЩճһĳȺ
Щ㵽׸ʲô
ôҲĲһĪʳЦһָ󣬡ƣĽɫ
ѪҺʣûκһһ㣬øܵš
ԭͲⱻȶǣƣԭͲġ
ϵıõֹǰӰҲģ
ΪʲôסµˣףӦ̰ӦϧӦǸһһؽϲϳԿˡ
صƤνЦһΣա˵ҡܲ𡭡
ʲôסһ㣬϶촽⶯ˡ
*
ǣ
һСڵİˣͰ˻ȥ·ϡ
ձССģ·һ۾ϳС˵˶ǰˣ
ǵ뿪ʯպܳϽȥͶ˵ˡ
˸С۶ûкͶ˵Сһ𣬲ȻС֪Ͳˡ
ӣνģ׶һŭʡ
ڰ񱳺󣬰˸ۣΪÿ˼ʱ⣿
߽ġ
Ȼ֪ʵĻش𣬵һӦǲš
ǲӣġ͵
Ҳģ˾ô壡׶ϲȻŭ˭˭Ǵģ
۾һɨڳˣҲû˸Ҵǻ
Ȼ˵͸Ұ£Ȩߣôȼ仰ͶڳŮŮĶ
۾ܣֻس˺졭
ۿζԽԽŨʱһȺȻһϺҿ˭Ҷ֣
ȥ÷ã
÷óǰˣߵм䣬ҿǽ˭Ҷ֣
ñϵĺɴڷ¶°͡
˻񣬷׷С÷ÿǶûܹ¶ˣȥδ֮λȴȥˡ
Լ߳ӣΪˣ
÷ӣһʱ֪ôƺֻȥ۾ǣ
÷Цָµ״ӣˣ
һ£˵ˣϺӶҪˣѱˣ״ΣûǰѪ
ܱô˵ʱͦж˳ĸоԲ
Ѫ÷һͻȻЦûзʱͻȻָһƣĺˣŰѪգ
ָ⣬ٿһãȻİһʱûת
˭
˭ĺˣ
һߣպײ˵Ķš
÷ǡÿЦţһָСӵĺĸ׳壬ĺΪβɣ
ָϢ󣬽ƵЩΡ
÷÷㡭׶һʱ죬˳ں˶ʱĳƺ
ҿûܵܡ÷òԵ
׶ЩΣȷʵĲף֪Ůʹ֮㽫ӹԽ˼Ů֮࣬û뵽ȴ
ڽ֮ʱͻȻ
㣬ǿ쿴ǱߣǳȺǳȺͻȻע⵽ɫ̧һûŵڵء
һʱڰҲȺ˴ƣշ·ҪһС
׶÷õҲ
˶һۣŽŵķΧһ˲ɢ
ʱڰͻȻһĵӰ
ٶһǱӰΧļϣ·һΡ
棡ǵһȥˣ׶ֹˡ
һֻ桭洭Ŵ߬һ·СӸ񣬳󺰵ȥ÷á
׶Ѿָվڰ˸λϣ˷ʱƺƴһ˲䣬Ⱥǰٶȷʵ
𵶣ɲֻɹĳӰ֭ڿбѣɫ֭Һӵл䡣
һЩͺ£֮ǰʹģţûио
ż϶ҡҡͷڵĹƳ·˯ˣû˿
ЩɹֻѪӿʱһҩ£޻ס˶䡣
ۺ񣬶Щ޸оȵ÷øǰӵն棬˱ܲ͸硣
ϣʶЩ˺ЩҪԣһˣһͣһȱӾһϮ
񱻳£ų꼫ؽС͵÷һֻ棡
һַ꣬ȥˡ
뵽ǰȥһȱַŲǣҩ㱣Լ÷ȥ
ҩȷʵûӦͼ׷÷ȥķܹȥˡ

58 

÷, תͷһʱˣ㲻úö, ʲô
Ȼô˵ţȴһס, ٶȲߴߡ
ĸĳԽԽ࣬еҩѾ, ͷƤһֻۣһۣӼӿ˽Ų
һʯǰ, ÷õָٲ, ǡһʯƵĳ
ֻһ룬÷õһߣ, ȥˡ
мӻδȫµʯŵķ϶н, ÷ð, ȥǼţڵһ롣
Ҳѧӣ̽ȥȣȻĶ̫, ɫĳۿҪŵװ, ž, һֻѹ
÷ŵأɿȥЩˣҪҪ
˵գתߡ
ϡ˼ǷҪȥʱ, ﴫһߴ١
һϽܹȥ
ʯϵıڵȼԽԽʯ񴦣ȻŵĶںδЩʯ񣬿ߴ鲻ƣ˲¹¹
ǰ÷ʳһֱĵ׵ɻ󣬡÷ã¹ʵڵ𣿡
ֻżŲصʯһ˵ǰ罨ϵ
ûͷûβһ仰ȴˡ
¹ֻǰһӡ
֪Ƿ˵нһÿʱһǰǣǡ
ҷ񣬽Ĺȴʵġ
ͷû˵һʱ䣬ֻ˼ٵĽŲڶڻ졣
ûãһţŵλȻӳ
м㣬Ҳһжλһȥ·һƬ϶λ
Щ㤣βһ÷ú棬Ҳ̧ͷˡ
Ҳ֪ôֻһʢѪС̶ӵص׻СĽɫߵ䶯ԾѪһλ
ͷһ˲䣬ɫ˿շϣпλȥ˿ʴҩˮһȫڣС̶мѪˮӿһ˺һѷ졭
ɫĳճѪ飬ΡΡڼϣչų
÷õʱһ
ľؿһĻֻԼ·Ρ
£ڰȻǲ˼顪
Ⱥˡ
Ϊһֻӡ
еظԱ˿ڣɾȵ׷̫ҲΪȫֻ˼ҵıɽһǣ
ʱ漱Ҵҵܹץ֣ܹ֪ҽãɷȥҿһˣ
ץùֻܾϵİ˿첽ȥҲ粽ϡ
*
Σҵڣδȫ֣ѿʳ
һμôе飬ٿɫ׻ˣͷԼĿҪ켸룬ȰѪֹסˡ
ʲôõĶ
һ㶣Ȼ֪ʲôз켸룬˼Ҳ֪˻оȣĻȫ˳
ſڵæǰæϤӵнṹһ˳ʱɫ
֮ʱ̾ϢļԼ
ǱˣȻ֪ô֡
ɼǵѪϰɫҩĩ봩Ƥ⣬ֱ˺ѵĴ·һ𣬴ߣһһ죬·һ
ϵ˷·ܲʹһ㣬ƤҲж
һμδŵľ󣬿Ź֡
ưɫƽ־Լªˡ
ͷ鷢ĪʳֱϵѪֹסˣ棬֣عֵлܹ
ףΪΰ֮ǰ˵ҽˡ
֣ҩʰüһ̾Ϣļ磬Ͱҡͷȥˡ
ߺ󣬰վڴǰĬŴϵˣþûжҲ֪ڳЩʲô
ıӰӽֳ֮ʱζϽǸѾû֮˷ʱΡ
һ̣·￴һִ֡
*
ҵָһ÷úͷˮذ˵Ļߡ
˺ҲĬˣھ֮ʱܻԹѵ˲øУǰǵ˲ٶ档
ϵ̸ҲЩһԷ˱Ƥ˿ڣ˳ָ˶Ϻȡ
ϣСӣɰϸЦŸ̾ҪҲһôɵĺӾͺˡ
Աľګͷ˵ͷ
ܿף˳ʵǻҶԸ𣿡
е£ϸ̾һǻжٷҪӣɲǻϣǺӹزۡ
Щ꺢ԽԽˣֻ죬԰ɣ磿ϸϰ
磿Ŵͣ͵ǣԶ𣿡
Զ಻ףҺϰûôԶ
˼䣬·ʲôܣɡ
֮ǰСԼ΢ôһԴⲻпܶŴ
ЩĿǰܿס
Ŷӣ½ŲŰ̲סԼĲ˵һ顣
Ҳ¾һѭԽ٣׽ĿԽԽĺӣһ˸ˣο屾Ͳ˹ϵǵѡΧ͸Сˡ
ʲôͲԶˡ
Űһ·ͨ裬ܿ÷

䣬ԽԽζ
عĵطĨҩ࣬쳣Ƶߵ׶ϵĴǰһ³˸󵨵ľ
ҹж
μӱģȻͽˣҲûٴȥıҪǾ罫ֵܵ½ԼҲһȥ
ͷ
ǰľ飬һɣ˴档
Ҳ֪˶ãŲű˴򿪣סŶ
жϣŴOO@@Ȼһ˫ѥӵǰӣֻ֨ѽһ齵³
ûеô̼ͷԼֻһӣ͸йٶԣͷͷû˿
ࡰͨͨţϸŷԿ״춯ķλͷϡ
ŵҲƣֻܽ¹С⹫Ĵ齡
ϵˡšһ˸ŵøϽס˺
֪ҪʱͻȻ¶һ˿סĿ⡭
һСĲ䷢һ˿嵱ॡײסԿ״Žżߵеλá
һһס
һԹȥȻͷϵĺԽԽֱ࣬ڶʱꡱһûüһ£겻̶Ħڰҹ𡭡                        


59 

ŵһ, Ҳ룬˸״ͷĶܡ
ҹ, ͻȻͻȻ, ۾ôˣ
üͷ, ļ򣬡ģ˯, ȥһ¡
˵, ¡
ԽԽ﷢ô, ֪Ϊͻͻֱ
, ȥ
ƿ, Һһȥ
ϵȴѾڴˣ, ֻýӵݹ

͵ڷҡҷ, мյѾϨ, ֻʣһ̣˶ڶϵߺдҴææӴΪֳʲôʡ
˵֣ȣ׷
ûһ, ȴֻţ깵Ĳݴš
ٶһƣǶ
˸ճ׵һŭ
СӣôϷô𣡻͵׶ϵ۾ӡ·ȼŭ
ɺһȴ°͵ңģ
һŷ˸Сġ
˭Ҳûɽġⷽȥ룬ϾɽѲ֪û˭ҲµòСľǴɽģ
˵˵ֻǽһ£ͻȥҲ֪Ʋʵ²ߣ԰׶ϵԸִͷţ
˵Ҫϵˣ˵ҪһۣƶҪš
ɽôܸ˿ϾҲˡ
ܣлú˵ɱˡ»ıȺи
ԣкö࣬⻹ϣС
׶ϱһӻûһ⻰ʱ˺ӣõͨСõǰɽģ
һƬȻ
ĲˣҲСˡ
˷׷׸飬۾һȦģѽϽȥ˯ա
żһһʧܣĻ˻ȥ޵ڶõĿˡ
ؼֵҲȲˣ˵ֻм졭ˣأ
ŲȺϣվ˵仰һȦȴ˸
׶ϼСӹͷüëһ壬ô㻹ͬ
ͷ˼û
һжΪǣͰԽȺǰ档
ĴɽһáͦţɨһףײСɵɵ
ȻӣץлѼӲ
ҲΣΪԼ£ֽͬǳ£ҡ
ԭָʹģ׶ŭĿü̴Ҿ˵Сĵӣ
ԼԼĵӡһǱæһһ˵⹫Ҳ˵ˣͻ㣡
⣬⡭Ҳƽһμ첲գ׶һҭһʱҲ벻һ׼ȷ˵Ļ
ԶԹ˶˵ĻûõǻķӣȻѾõˡ
ҪôſϽĽǣ
ôˣĿϣǹأˣҹǣһǾĺһǰµͽܣҲվǰˣ
أ𣡡Ҳ֪ôģſھôһ䡣
׶͵һĪҪٵˣѹĽҾͲ׷ˡ
˵͸Ƶġ
׶ϿԸҲŮΣյؾǹء
ǶƹأҲ಻סл˰ֱΪ˸㣬ΪЩԴƫ
ʲôǹأô˿ԼͰΪ˸˲óȥ֪񻰴˵ƭˣɽһөɽʯ
ЩֱͲֱӰѡҪϣ׶ϵӿǳɫөɽʯǱ꣡ǰˣӦǱ꣡
԰ʱǶˣȺ˳Ŷϡ
ȷʵǶԳˣֻǽ껻Ҫөɽʯ
ⲻʲôܣ˶֪Ҫөɽʯө˿٣ȥɽвɿǱӡ
Ǿ񻰣İõ
áͷҾ뱣ֵظаա
ȺһɨȥȺнιϷޣҲСнҽߡ
ǣƺܵһк֪顣
ЩȱǶµĹء͵Ѹһȡ
䣬˷
ҲΪûиɽĶԡϣָŰ׶ϣЩƹظǴʲô
֪Ϊʲôǰһһ֪ΪʲôǾиʽҲ𣿡
׶￩һ
һɲɫֱӴƣΪ׽ΥزûĻˣΪΥ
ôӦæת˻ͷ˵ǹء
Ҳƹأ
ȺѾСɣȷʵһʱͷ䵽˶ͷ˶ӣȴȡ沼ҵĺӣҲûŮ
ҲšҲ˵ȴĹأôд
µʯͷ̫ˮúܸߣɧ˷׷׿׶ϡ
ԻڣΪ˵õɽľ˾ϲ⣬ˣŽɵ̫࣬׶Ϊסǣֻܽˮõ档
ҲѹΪ¡
ЩңϾģǴҲδ̫ˡ
ʱͻȻе÷ˣ
ȺóһֻĬĬ÷ã롣
÷õһۣҸʱ˵ȴû뵽ֳôĶ
һղǹָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵȥˣŰӣСĵŲ
ԻڡĺЩ÷ҲǷŵĻΪҲҪǳ˿ʱȴŰ׶ϣľ˵ˣ˵˵
˲۾ûǶ԰׶˵ġ
һ㶣ѵ
ʹ˶׶ɹִӲ㲻Ҫٻ˺ˡ
ԭΪþգ˫¸̨ףû뵽ȴĵҪܹ֮ڣ
׶Ҷ˶ǰֻŶ̤ײˣµĹأҲ㣬ǰ˾Բôûˣ
Ϊ˴ۿŰĺԽԽ٣ѾֲԼػ壬ػĹˡ
׶ܾôˣ岻ܾôʧˣǲˡȻҲ벻˵Ĺػᷴǡ
׶ɫһ͡
һʣˣ׶Ҫٹִˡ
಻뿪һײôţһ죬ǻᷢԸʱ岻ֻʣһˡ
ã£Ƕûд÷̾һ˶ģ壬ʱøˡ

60 

׶ϵĳĬ˵ĳ˹ȵ, һʯӵУˮԽԽ
ȼ, ˵ɫӳ÷ƣȺ, һŮڵأҵĺӡ
ļԲ, ҲԽʵ
Ҳš»ı㣬ģһһ游, ⵽ǲġ
׶ϵһֱڶ, ˵ܽҿܽҿһҲ˵ŽŲֻʵ뿪ˡ
Ҳ㷢չ, ⹫æɽ, Լк׷ȥ
÷ҲЩ, ߬Ű֣˵ġ
ҹעǸ֮ҹͰ÷õİʾ, ɽ, ҲĬ
Ȳ, ҹɫڻ£סȥ
·ϣͻȻԲ𡣡
Ȼ÷ǶĻ򵽣÷ȥ̤һģһҽ, õ
ظܵھΣ۽֡
õǸܻôһ졣浭Ǵ˭Ŀ˵ǳ綼֪
ΣΪʱȦʣµļͷȴڶ֮ڡ
Ϊֲʧûд
㡭֪𣿡Ӽ֮侲ġ
ֻЩ²⡣Ӵ磬ԲִһУԿãٶԱȰ˶ĥ֮ȻȻһЩ²⡣
˶٣ֶ㲻𡣡
й䵭֮Уֱֱȥȴ˸еĸοͻȻҲЩһΪʲôԱˡ

лл㣬档ǰץסǰȥһ
̸䣬ѵˮ鿡
ˮ鿣һ۾Ϳ͸⣬ݣ壬㿪š
öûȥˣǰͷĶҲˣֲֻȥۏˮǰŪԼһ
һ˲ӵĸӣʱűˡ
ˡüͷеĸӣźһ㶣СһȦô졭
ᣬû
ÿӣա
壬ѷϢľ飬ɽҲѰˣϵĹӦܽ˰գ忪ڣͿʵ
Ŷ÷þϢľҲˣȡ
⻰еĺϸһĥҲǸζ֪Щ˭֣֮
巴Ӧ©ˣһЦСһǵһ¡
ʹ˽ҹģ񼸷ʹÿζڹŹһأһһգ˭Ҫʲô顣
æ͸Ρ
ɽģڰ˳ëĹĵģ̾ҡͷﻹ˵ţиҪ
ŶˡȻĻָ󣬡أڻܽ⡣
Ϊʲôѽּ˵ϢľɽܾȰ
ֻӦû˵Ҫ˹ƣƿɲ˵ܽġƵ
һ㶣תһ룬ȷʵֻ˵˾Ȱû˵Ҫơ
ɣǡ
˺ˣǶȥաٷϻ˯뷨ȥðſڣ׼κ˴š
ڹ𣬰濴żˣ˵Щʲôתһע
ɽ⣬ټ֣µġ
ˢתͷ˵Ʋܽ⣬Ƕܽ⣬ȥ˭
Ƭ̣͵ǲܽ⣬ĹͨĵֻЩͬȻûȥǺιƣӦ˫ơ
˫ƣ֪ΪΣͻȻǰС˵ƣŮ鵽Ϊƣɽ˺ĺһƳؽĥʹ
µĲ룬ҡͷ˫δؾƣͬƣ˫߹ƣĸƣЩ˫ƶпܡ
ƣ㸹е̥ͲˡŮӶ飬Ҳֻ·һˡ
ζ˺һŴ΢̵ƷԼЦ
˵ĵЦšȻ˵ɫ
뾡ýŵķΧɿЩ˵˺öයȤ£ֻɫԽԽŹ֣˵ЩЦգҲȫǣȻܶ඼˵ɫ
ģ
Ȼò΢ȤЦ
ֻ̫侲侲
ôһĹĵȴϲôķˡ
ͻȻͣ£ǲǽòЦǰĪʳЩʱϵı飬ͻȻ˻ɡ
ǲĽԣ
ͦġæ֡
Ը̾ʱˮ鿴һӰ
÷ãվӭ˹ȥ
÷õͷĹĵ㣬ĵҲҪˡ
һĵ£˦˦ֱۣһţͿ÷á
ࡣϽ㣬ôˣ
ŷؿڷ㶡
÷ýţ۰񣬡㽫ֻλˣ
Ҳ˳ȥҪө˿ƵˡΣǰˡ
÷õͷ߹ȥСĵض£֣ǲﲻ
ҡͷЦ⽫ԼĿڣδɹ
ǱˣһҲůůһЦ
һǸǸȻˣҿɹܲ˰
壬ȶˣͺףڵĹƳȡագ۾
ҲҲæ֮ǰҲ˵ˣΪҪӲȡСһغ㵽ʱ򻹲ҿޣȷʵܲСŮ޵Ŀ
÷áһλø÷á
÷Թǽߵϣû˵СеͬƣֹͬʱһԹƷֱϣҪȡһڳͬʱȡŲ˼
תͷŰ۾Ȼ㻹úúõģһҲӦúõػϡ
һ٣۾СӦ֪һֻ˭ϰգ
ɱѵͷӶԲԣŭⶫҲ̫ˣΪ˿ưķӡ
ɵҡҡͷšѾµһֻ˭ˡ
*
÷У⼸գֱԴ峤ǿӲظ棬ư߳ȵס
Ȼ˶ͬģصּɣڰϰ˹صһЩִ
˶ԽԽϡİ壬Э˭Ҳûа취
Ǹִİ׶ϣոһյ߶֮£Ҳó˼յӣЬȥ׷
񱻰Űһٴ򣬵ȴ˿
ҲûţЩźЩκ˶缲գһţͼ
ռʦк⣿Ķʵ
ҡҡͷˣһȥҪƣһȥҲʡˡ
÷Ҳ߳ȥ
ЩһֱΪչĪʳ֪Ҳ֮䷢һЩı䣬ȻЩı䣬ȴһʱЩʴӡ
ȥһ磬ǽƣͬʱҲһԼúһô
Ȼܸˣһס֣Ǿ˵ˣһߣ

ڰһͰųԷʵͦһ뿪ģ֪Ҳһߺ;뷨ˡ
þûԭ׺ͽˣҴҵСҲСˣûȥˡ
һ죬вԼͻȻ󷽷кףһ˳졣
񣬿һ㡣
ĻһſأӢĪҪСѡ
ãһȥҾȥһƣͰһЦеؿǣԼּһӲˣš
ʱ÷ɿ죬ٲᣬҲҪͳš
ǰע⣬˰һȭžúûţٺ˵տӺˣԼϱԼţҾ͵ĻҴδ
տտ˻ûˣҪǱҪѹˡ
ͷӵһ£ءĴߴˡ
סˡ˸ŵı飬˵ţҲܸ˰񽻵һ˵Ļѡ
·Ƭâӣ˵ЩǾөķ㣬;ЩЦʱطΪ
ճ㲻ᶪ˰գͻȻҪҪͻزɽۿ
ᡣļ֣ص󲻹ߵ㡣
úñģǰʲôƴȫ
ֱһ̣뿴


61 

뿪, ǴŮٶˡȻıѾȲسȥ˵ļԼûӵİ׶ϵˡ
ߣ߬ɫ֯ƳɵС, ̲סȥǰס÷á
˵ڰ, ճĺһʲС£ԱСٶƽɳ
û뵽÷Ҳһԭʱ֯, Ѿĺһˡ
ˣ֪ء÷ñһ£ʱסӳס
һġͷ, ͵͵ĨĨᡣ
ʵڰŵЩ, ÷İǺܶࡣ˵ûάǿܾٲѡ
ǲദ, Ҫ뿪֮ʱ, Լԭ㲻ᡣ, ΪһЩԨԴ÷ѾΪһҪˡ
ܶٶһĸףȴѾԵĸˡ
ܺԼ¾ˡȻô˵ţ÷òûƿ, ֻټһԴ
Ҳֻĵһ, Ϊܿ֡
Щ߰, ǱɫҲˡ֣÷Щε
Žϳǰһ, Ĩ
ǰ÷ú屧ȭݱ
˻֣Ʋͷ
ˣҪҪСġ÷ջǲĵ㡭Ҫúö
ֱΪؿ÷õ۾һúöһί
÷ÿ˵ͷˣ·Сġ
ûͱ𣬰ɨһȦ󿴵ԶϵǵɢӰһ٣ۣ÷ú˸󣬶ʮ

ƽȵʻڵ·ϣ䲼õúʵеһжչиʵСıԵĸǶ˲Էţ˵Ǻˡ
ҶƣڰʱðϸľƬƳɵģϻͼʱԼ˸Ķ˵Ҷƣʵ˿Ƹ
ݳļܺãҲţͰڳ˶
潲Ź򣬰һ淨棬ȤҲְֽ
ǻĸͬըġټһԻӣͻȻûлը
Ŷأ˻ĹըأըļǸƺѡĵؽ͵
ԴеƣըȲȴǿһ㡣
˼飬ֲ˼أܿ˾衣
ؿĽȣڳﶷòֺЪϢԷʱǣ˶èڳﶷ
˶治ʲôʱҲᱻȥ޿ڵϣ䵱ǵ
Ҳ֪˶գĽ־ԽԽǴһݺһΰĳǽͣ
ÿǵ꾩𣿡
ţˡǺúôڳ
ŲӣڿʯĳǽϷɷŵ֡꾩
˵һˣ꾩

ǵ˶ŶӣŰ峵ģӵģȻҲм䲢ͻأ
װʲôسʡ
ԼҼӵġϸֽƿĨСظϡ
һۣȥһ
꾩ʲôģ
볤ͶġΪһͨɱֵ֣úȻ
ģһǰӣһƿɫųŮˡ
ɽءӻͳ·鿴ˣ׾볤û棬Щ£̧֡
Цӣ£ûбź·һƽĶˡ
ôŪģУȴͻȻüָָŵܡ
ʱɽˣˡЦ⿴ȥЩǣǿ˵žҪ˿ڡ
ˣ߰ɡ½ģڷˡ
л´ñͷǣ˳ڡ
꾩Ļʳǡ
ƨѹź죬ֹһ̣һ
תͷ˿棬ûκα飬֪ǲ֪ηͷǸַ켣Ⱥиû֪Ǹζͨϵɱ֡
ɫЩſգͻȻƺУŵһ

꾩ֵϣƿŽֱ߸ɫС̯Ҳ֧չһĿ
۾ͻȻһˮϣ̲סһ¿ˮ
Զȥ֧壬Ͱ͵سȥѰҲˡ
ôദ˵ĹϵܣҲ˵Ըϰԡ
ļ򣬽λϣСĳΣԣǱѰʱ򡣡
ȻԸֻץͷ
*
ԪһյżʹӶ幬ȥ
ʵۣһͨԪؽȥˡ
Ŷеӣŵһ飬˵ʱĺúκߵҽ꾩
ǵģΪǰסһӵֵܵż˹ȥˡ
ʵ۶ͷĲȷʵǸͣ
ʣҶˣôûյӣ
Ԫصͷ˵ݺͺһƺ治ɫӦǵϾ˻硣
š
ʵһ㲻˵
Ԫע£ͷ죬ʵ۲ſڵһ£޻δ㡣ضڳˣοҲûĶˣϣϽ̤ʵΪ
ֵܵĺ󳾡
лʽ̻壬μġ
ԪҲֲ仰ôǼٹֻܹ
˵һͨʵͻȻӽϴһŮӣ
ԪһЩͷۣΪ£û֣Ϊ̫ݣƢǵֻҲɡ
ӨˡŻá
뵽΢΢ۣ淼ףΣ֮ҲϷʩգĵӱͻݣӴн㺣ͽ˻
ȣദǢ
֪Ҳǻʵ½ʱӽϴعģͬաƵľ
ȻʵһһͻȻԵЩƣǣ֮вңãȥɡ
Ԫع£ȥ¾ˡ
Σ˽ӵ𣿡
ſδӵˣڿջҵˣѾȥס
ˣԪüͷһ
һжŮ
Ԫ䲻֪Ϊλһ˱ãٳһЩȺҶݸˣˡ                        


62 

ԪӨ˼, ŮҲǼлԲõˮ©
ȴҲգºĥ, 𽥸еһ˿Ծټϳֵǰһ仰, ӨݵĻɡ
Ǳ˳ˮ۽˴꾩˾Ƥӵ, һһԼļ£Ŀģһ¶, ʱ֪Ů˵ʲôˡ
, ⲽص˴տżӭһֻͷ
˸ţԪ̾סͷ, ǰڴ, µͷ, ҹҹҪã̫ҪҲԼͷǡ
ֱҪ˵Сһ£ʵȥǺ꾫ǲǣ
ĵھʣ, ǰǸܳĻʱһ, ֻʱС, ڵĿ
Ԫÿ°ڣϣϵĲɫʲôأ㰡ϲ
㻰أԸ⼸ǰ˺ö, ʱãûǸϲ赶ŪǹܲסƢĽС椡
ҡⶼˣη¿ӣŮҲ˵⣬ҿûԲ顣
㻹ȥȥ
Ԫ˵ԼҲֻȥһΣˣתһ룬ôһӭҵĹǸϽת⡣
κߵҽʱơҽͷ
£һͻȻ˵ҽûӣαٶһˡ
һΡܾã͹ҽһʱ򣬺ܶҽ޷Ĳ֢а취
ֱ֣ϡ
*
û뵽ԪػΪһլӣȵݾȻǵ̫ӡ
תһ룬ƺ֮ǰеľٶмѭԼ̫˶ѡ
ѽиѽ
ŶƤ̾ţͼǸǹˣһԣͰҪȥǰܷ͡
һֱȵҹҲûͬ£ڶգɻԪ˰ŵһֱʻſڣſһϵİ
ܹȥԼʱıȴΪ죬·óڴ˴ǡ
ۣͻȻȥֹ֮ʱѸÿӣȴ𾪵طһԼоųŮˡ
Ƭ̣ǲʲôٷ³۹ſڵѹ㲻ҽ
ҲκΣա
ʱӦǵˣɫصİһۣӲǽ˳ȥˡ
ֲģ˵ˣ㻹ûʹֶΣԲſҡΣգʲôҲ˵ԼԳһС
ϣܹͬ˵ˡ
û˵ʲôֻĬĬս֡
ţͼԪشһɫӣЦеվ״Ⱥǡ
£ܰλˡ٩
ҵҵ̫ӵǰ˭ҵ𣿡֡
Ԫز֪Ʒһ˿ڿζһﲻþǴܻʵۼνʲôֻܹлǡ
ƵֳʲôܾʹͣʵȵԴ飬ǰǡ
֪֪֪ǺѣҲ˵ͷֻ
룬ԼΨһĿʱԼʲôӦǸֻʲôӦأ
Ȼ͹ԼٴμһƽǼӵĿ⿴Լûһ˿
ʵۣȴֱʧ̬ˡ
ǡֱӴվˣԵĴ󳼲ؿһº͵Ļʵʧ̧̬ͷ
ʵʶԼĲף£ε벻ʿһǱõˣҶ˲ű
ԵĴҲˣ׷׸ͣһʱ䣬·Ҷ˸ղһֻżʹϳӣ̽ƵĿ⿴ӡ
ɻʵ۷ŵ̬ʱȴ˵ˡ
ˮٷ˲ⱣʿηŴξ̫ӣЭ̫̫һνû
̴ǰ⣡ʵһΣ޽Ϊ̫ʣʣĶǧ
ƺ֮ڣʿ̫ӽԵ붫ʣƷĹְҲǻʵۿ̫ӵӶµġ
칫ʥּǰѵ̴ˣϿּ
ͷֽӹʥּл¶䡣
ĿȴͻȻԼ֡
ϣҽտҽģ˳ǧѰգطҽҽǧǧ
ҽЩ£û뵽ʵۻֱӷԼôһְ
֪ҽְλǹŴҽ󣬼ԴҲϲ˵λá
µؽʥּлʵۡ
ֱ˴ӵڳЩת
Ԫص֪˻ְλ󣬺ǸˣرǳֱֵʣҲʡȥԼ鷳
ûͳȥǴ˶ֱСҽӿһ
·ϣ˵ŻȴʱʱһۣܾãԴӴԺ󣬾ֵֹġ
̫ӵĶͷ̵˺ܶ࣬һοʼɣҲЩ棬һ
ԪشǼһòiŮӣһֻëŨܵĹдǡ
ԪؽʹŰˣڱʣ̫ˡ
⹷ʵɣ̲סʵǺĹ
Щڹģر顣ЦŹ˳ë
˹˺ܿ
˵һӻҲ֪Ԫ̫һ£Ҳܵ¡
ĵǰ̥ܹˣȷʵУǳһδزɡ
ߴﹾ˵һ󴮣ۿɫԽԽ죬һû
⡭𣿡ЩȻ
Уҵġ
*
ҹɫʵ۾һ˿˯ҲûС
򿪵ţ֪ߵ¹ǰ¹ĹɫĪ⣬ȴû߽ȥ
£ˣҹﻹЩ⣬ĪҪźˡ칫׷ǰļϡ
̫ˡʵૡ
˵յǰĳ̴𣿡칫ЦŵūҲź񣬺͹һģ̳Ƶġ
Ǹ绪Ůˡ
Ӣ˵ϻô𣿡ʵųҹɫͻȻ
ūãүʮһ˼˸£λ̴Ǹи֮ˡ
ƣɲǸи֮
ʵû˵죬۾ǸûҲһˡ
칫ǸɿɰЦеСӣ̾˿ҲŶĸ˭Ҳûǳл
Ӣ˵һøף


63 

ڸҩ̫ҩ, ֵֵǰ涷û뵽һգ۾ڹﵱҽ
ǡ޳
ڻеԵ, һЩҩĻǺܽģŷ, ָСͯȥȡغ컨
СͯۼλսŮҽֿȭӮ̫ҽԺˣǽһ, ֵߵߵʹȥҩȡҩˡ
ҩҪȥʱʵͻȻȥ
ɻ, ˵ʵ۲Ӧһҽμ̶ҽ屧, Ҳֲһ˰
Īǡ£
ʣСͯõҩȥ壬Լҩ, ҩ
·, ޵ʹ칫, µкβףȻ칫Ǻǻ
ūӴ⣬ҽԻס
Ĳһ⾳ĺͤ
칫ȥ, ͤͷĻ˵
Щںͤһ״ĹŮ, Ҳѧǵ۹۱Ǳǹ, ڵõ󣬺ǽؽȥˡ
ɣؾýˣڳλߵǺζˡ
Сһط̫ҽԺҩ, ȴԲȻЦ
ҽؾֻһһˮƽ
ţҽˮƽ첻̫ҽԺʲôʱһ֮Ҳˡ֥û£
ȷͼı
Խڻʵ۵·ٿɫר
ֻǡһ롢롭۾ԽԽ
𾪣ұ֤ǧ飬ģ
󣬷ǹƶ
Ͱһޡ
ҲıûκãҲӦʱڳʵۿΣ޿ǵʲô
룬˾£ȷʵ˲ⲡЩŹ֣΢Ҳڹϼ
£׼΢ȥĵ伮
ʵջ֣һԵ칫һ̧ۣ£Ҳֻǿҽ䲻ؽţ޶Լ
ûҲûдͻȻ𷻼䴫ţλ˳λ˳̵ʾ
л¡
̫˵Ƿޣº󣬻ʵʵ
һʣȷͳ̴֮ԨԴ
΢̴ȷǷޣֻ˫ǸƼ¶ʱҲ񡣡͵͵Ļʵۡ
棬λʵ¶һ˲֮òһЩ£ȷĳֲ²⡣
˾ô̸ͤһʱֱׯȥţһ
֪ˣȥ
ߺ󣬻ʵ۱źɻƵĺ棬ͻȻȷʵ޵ʲô
ӢͷĪҪ˼ˣ֪˲֢Ǻ£֢ܶҩūҽеҽķ緶
ְ̫֮ҽԺһҽ̫ҽԺ˶ķڷȤ˵ʵʵ꣬ͤһЦ
һ뿪ͤˢؾˣϹͲŰʲôҪǲ˵˾꾩
ˡ꾩һϢҲ˲ˡ
ҩ䣬ǰͷ·СŮãǻڸҩҽձҪȥΪ̫ģҪֱȥա
ѾȲҪˣ뿴ôȷ֤֮£ʲô˵
СŮӦ£׵̲סʵ
˵ѽɫǱʵ°񣬴ѵ⹬ˡ
λҽţٳӡ
и㣬ڲɨʱС˻ƿùѵţȴͻȻǰѰı£ֹ˹ùã˵֮ʱĪҪˡ
˵⻹Ǻĳ۾ؿ
ųݵĿ⣬һʱû뵽ǸСá
ȷʵֻܵͷ
СŮͬĵ²ʵ£ܳ顣
Աۣѹù˵ʮǰλĵʥĹϧһˣ˵ǰס¹ԺҲûסȥ
𣿡
Ҳ˵ͻȻˮģ˵»ͼȥǹأСŮʱǳõϢҲǴӸλùúͽƴճġ
һ·ߵʱѾԡáˡ
ܽ㣬´εҲֵʱŶ˰֣̤ű׼ĹŮС鲽Զˡ
Զ̤˶
һ·Ӱʴ·̴ӣ̴Ҳ˵ڶżʱͻȻײһԤ֮ˡ
Ө
û뵽һ𣬲ûãôࡣ
ӨҲۣͻȻǰλǡ̴ӡ
̴ӿһۣͷλ̫ҽԺҽ
ԭҽ˹ָҽա
̴¶ɫר̫Ʋҽ
ôһ̫淣ʹˣ
Щѹ˵ζսʱȷǼЦǶȺ˴վ̫ԣټԪزӹ̬ȣҲǸ˵Ө
սСֺãİԹŭ̬ȣúܺãݵõλ
һɱֵĻ
ϧȴ֪Լѱ¶ˡ
̴Ӳҵ֪Ѵȥ̫˵һЩ
ӨƳһۣŮŻصԼķ
ҽӨصںǲȥˣҿѽ
ִƬ̺󣬡ǿӲ淣λѽ
ʲôֵ󶯸λ𣿡Це
Ө͵ջ֣ٷϻҲ˶Բԣ
Ȼָ֪˭Ͼݵһ죬ͺԼᵽ
Ҳˣֱʣ㵽˭
˭ӨЦ˭̴ǾȻᶼû𣿿еķҲôҪ
ͻȻͷʱһƤ۾ɱ¥ɱ֣
ֻнһЩùְҵŻãϵץŰ񲻷ţ׾뵽ݡ
Ө񣬻߽ǧЦһ٣ͷ˵ˣ
ַܣ˽̴ǣ뻤һˣὫΣյ¶
˽һʹɫƽ·ûзյӣץ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһɣֻ֪ɱ¥Ǹ֯ô˽أ
ӣûк˵ǽɱְǸɱ˲գۡλеһġ졯𣿡

㿴ʵݶԸ㣬֮ĸжأǧһЦıͻȻֿ⡣
عϣܰһ㣬ȷʵʹ

64 

˫üĿ, ų⡣
ϲͻȻéٿ
ǧ˼ؿ򢣬ǰŮҲɱ¥, ˵Ҫ𣬶˶˻ʹ֮ڡ
̫ӽ˻ʹ, ҲԪ¹ͣҲ̫ӽ, Ҳ˵ǷԭǴͨõģЩϢȷˡ
Ҫɱ˾ڻʹ
˲ָͷǡǴʲôʱأ
Ȼ, һ˿, ܿ죬ӣƺܱ̽, ɱ⡣
ķӦ, ֪Լ¶ˡ
ǧָһ, ֹȰñնϳɢɲʲôġ
㣬Ȼ¶ǧͻȻס, ŭؿ
㱰ɣ
ҲҲ, ôһɱǰ, һϲ˷Ůɱ֣ôҵأԼָףôĴָĨȥİɫĩ
ģҲҪ졣
Ǹɵˣʦ÷, Ҫ룬ͿΥԼĵڹ˽һ£ȴ١
һ٣ܿµվҩڼϣ÷ΣҲǸݹóɹ׵ӡ
ңһΣգһŵң㡪
˵꣬ţżֻǧҧгݡ
˷ߺ޵һʯͷȥ÷
ͬһʱ̣̫鷿ڵİ˸硣
߶㡣Ԫ̧ͷЦ
ӣ룬ǰˣһů鴦Щȥա
ֻǣջҪȥһ¡
ʲôҲûУֵһ¡ֳصӨϣǳֵܸ̫ظƬصĳڴӨŻŮ
һµദżȻҲʵǸ书ǿŮˣ̫غѲ뽭йأһɵ˱
ԼĲˮʱ֪ģֻΪ˲ɸ˵ĿĶ˳ˮۣ֮ʹ
ķѻɵһ֮
ŶԼ˿ûлɵԪأһ˵ĸоգɰͰ͵Σעⰲȫ
ȴδ˺ĿʼֻһǸӵϵȨˡ
Ԫأ󽫻Ǹܰհ
*
氢ˣ˻࣬ǰ߳ȴδֱӳţǴһ۵ƫƧַ֮ǽص˶
ǧܾѾߵźǽ棬ֻԼЩЪϢһ£˭Ҳ
ð亹һˮͻȻǵĻŮȷʵǧУ
ͻȻ͵һתͷȵ˭
߳ǧ۾һʦ֣
֪һԼġ
Ȼ㡣ûκ̵ҵģ
Ǽӡǧ𼴿̷񶨵Эǹʵۡ
úʦһż¥˵Ѿһûк¥ϵˣԲ˻ѣȴҲ˶á
꣬Ĭлл
ȫʹǧЦˣʦʲôʱأһЭ㡣
ҵȽ궾Իɱ飬ȴץסһص㡣
˶æǰ̫ɫȻʹ
üôˣ
ʱ¥ͬ˶۸ЦֻûмУǺܴȲ侮ʯҲǰֻǴԹս
ǧ
Եʱ˵ǾǶ⣬ԶҲӡ
ǸŮˣǸŮ˸˶ǧҧ˵ԭΪҲԼһ£ȴû뵽ɫһ䡣
ʲô
ǧסˣŸԼˣдʹû뵽߾ȻףŬô꣬û뵽һ仰ܼŭ⡣
ŤŮ˵ʹʲôԳ
ֱ񶾵ضʲôҶ˵ǸѪɱ飬˱֮ĵһɱ־ˡ
ΪһͻҸһˣһɱˣԸһĹּȥʦ֣ѣ
ǲһϵˡסֱۡ
ĬƬ̣ӿ֣㲻
ΪһˣŲףڰεȦԶҲᶮ
һѾ

ߺ󣬷ѵŹŮæŽȥؿǽߣһصɡ
*
Բߣϵһ˳˼ôǸʵĴأ
ָͷ˼
֪ԼҪжˣһƿţҴһȦ
ûﲻ
һ⻰ͻȻ۾һУȥǸ÷ˣ
÷ԡ
ϣˬˣǸ۾һ˻ߵС淡˵㻹жҲ֪ģ
û÷Թ̣Ҳ׳Ĭȡǽ͵ʱһסɽˣһֱ÷
ǸŮô£бۡ
ʦáӴࡣ
ţ׷ٸʵףֻƬеóһĽۡϸ֪˼ϲ
ĬˣҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һתݵ飬仰Ļٵòˣʱ죬ͻȻ׼ʲôʱȥɱ˻ʵۣ
񾪵𣬡֪ģ
Ǿ¶ˡ
֣·ʹΣþС
̹״ӿʵָӡ
ᶨ񣬾Լᱳȥ
ӡ
̾һ׻Ǹ

ֱüҲ˵ʲôǲֻƾ¥ĻͶ϶ʵĳˣʮһսܲпѵ̷Ϊɱˣ
ĸ׽á򵥵
ʵʼǳ纣ԼҪȥģӦǾûԣû·ڿһıԭϣһĲмͯ˵ټʳЧİ취
ͬˣĿѾٹС
ķûнЩ˵
ǡ㡭
Ҫ˭˺òãĿ꣬Ҿܳ뿪ˡ
ͷԴϣ΢΢ЩȵĶӣȻһڱԶһˡ

շתߣʵʵ۵̬ѾԻɰǸˣҪƶ˶ͬʱڳҪƶҲֻһ취ˡ
ûһ˲ǻʵҲ⡣
ǵڶһ磬ȥ
£΢ӵ伮﷭˹ƶֹƶʵ˫ƣһйƣһڵĹ֮ɶԡ
һƲǵĻʵۣðյ΢֪һˡͬһֹƶ
ʵ۵һ٣۾سȥ

65 

˿, ɱ¥
ֶװиżḷ̌ŵˣЩ޷ż, ύ¥ᡣ
Դ¥ǰ˻󣬱Ҳṳ̂, Ǳֻܽż㽻ſڵ
յĴŽ谵Ĺߵ⣬纣˹, ͵۾ۡһʺѪ
, 񰵳ض, ˭
ٱ¶ض¥гڹ
ϻ, ȥߵѪ, ĵ, ȥֺ֪ͨͳǹ
ǣż̵ݸ
纣˼СͲһմȾһɫȾϵż㣬ƽ
ԡ
һƿصĸоٴϮ, ϻ˸ëż, ŭػ佫ֽݺݵڵϡ
ֺͳǸ, ¥塭
һţľܲ¥µıӣ˲, Ǵһ͡
Ŀ֮ת죬ſ˿ڣҪȥһ꾩ǡ˭Ըһͬȥأ
ĵӣһ
*
ڴͬʱ꾩ʹ
ԭίȵǣʵ˵ǣشվһƶĶӣ
дģдģ
ҲȲ̾Ͱڼȥ˶
̬Уиˣƶ밢֮䣬ײʲôܡ
ʵһ̤붫˽Ѱ죬ȥ
֪ĶҲˣ˷һãһܽڵĹƳ澡ܳô˻ӽʵۣԸֻᡣ
ɫƽ̤żû뵽ʵۼҪǰ칫Լһǰ߽ͣӭϡ
ü̫ˡ
ʵ۵ĲԼȫ̡
ͣڰǰÿ֣һɫСʱͫʲ
ҶҶૣڴ˿̾ɢڿУֲ죬ڲٳɣһѱס
ס壬Ԥеĳһ
İ׽Щִغ
ʹ٣˵ɿ񣬰ֱ壬ܲӦ
ӵͰһӵģǰ˵ӵǼ̶ůġ
ָоܹŹ֣ҲİһʱЩ޴룬ֻȵؿ
ֻûƵ񣬵ͷ
ʵڿʵ۵ķӦһ·˺ܶ࣬пֻܵĻֻǸ¥ĻɱĸףԺһֻ֪࣬᲻أ
ԣϣԲӺͺӣ۰ĸ׺͸磬˵ĳ谮ѵ飬ͨеģҲһȱ
񡭡ǰ̫ˡ
øʺúÿ㡣
ʮδʵͻȻֱϡ
Ҷֱôˣ
˰벽Ҳûƺٵ֮ǰļ䣬Ѿǲˡ
ʵ󣬳̾һǸʲãû㡣úӣû£Ժ㶼£ʻúñġ
һֱ˵Ҫɫһ㶣ЩûӦ
ԪѶһžͿɫºͣѯų̴Щúòá
ʵۿȥָ֮Űľŵܡ
̫ԭء
еھšֻǡ
͵ؿ񣬲ţƽʱγҲֲסʱľȣȻλĺӣ
𾪵ɫǰڣԼͻȻͲһָУִʱûйġ
СʱǸ˾Ͷ˵ƭֻһִﵽĿĵֶΣΪɱ֣Ҫѧĵһ¾飬ڶƭ
飬ΪԺɱ֮ʱƭΪִʱõزԼѸٵشﵽĿġ
ƺûȫ
ͷȥ
ӽ㲻ٿԼ˰աһƭв̫֮λˡ
ֵòҼʱ׽û뵽ԪؼǰֱԴк
һͷҵͷЩףΪʲôûƺܸ˵ӣεƭӦҪǡ
Ԫؿ¾ͣˣûмǹĸѰӡ
˶Ѿ˵ٴαѰȷʵһֵףص¡
ʵ۹Цţƽ
Ԫشԭĵܵܰ
񻹼ǵãʱһ԰ǸӣŴŴؽԼһ硱ģ۶ɡ
ĸǹ͵ȵĹ澣һĸ׾ȥˡ
ָһǸûͲˣʱö࣬ȻȻˣһĻӣע˳
һ죬մӱĺнСȴ˵⽫СŪˣ˼źͷֱûˡ
ʪ԰յ罫ɪɪѲһӲ촽ϣסعů֡
̧ͷϵ÷ʱͻȻЩã
ΪʲôҪȥͷҲóԡ
ʱĽű߹һֻµĻͷ廨Ľż⣬ҡ£㲻ˡ
Сľһ۵ĺӣſƳУ껭߳Сͯ
ԼͻȻͣ˽ŲЩųؿԼеֹ硭
գԪصָýӲŬʯͷ𣬵ݸ
֪Ǹûӹ򣬶ץָС촵ָ¶һʱԭء
ͲʹˡһЦ

Զ˺Ԫһٿջ֣ȴԼ
ǸŮӣﶼƯСĸҲ˻
Ůӿʱһ㶣лʱжʱޱȡ
߹ˡ
̧֡
۾һٴʱͷȻůİ
ۣŵؿ
ʲôѽĸģ
ңҽԪءĿİ
Ǹ硣ĸȹڣ۾ġ
ѽĸ硣ŮӵСԴ
˺Ҹһʱ⣬ǵÿճԱ㣬ǵ¹ﶬů̿Ҳǵϡ
ֱǳ
;ŵܵģѾµһĥԼҲ躹޶ܷâһڶУΨһҴĻӡ
ûһ죬Լټ׵ܡ
ĳӿֲܾУֲԼԸȥԭһУڤڤעġ
ѹеļɫ糣ͬһʺЩúòá
شúǿѱԼʮ˵ʱҲܲǰǰ˳
һľһ磬ڼ䰢ڳȥȴײһ֮֮еˡ
Ԫ򫡣
˶һۣһ仰Ҳû˵תص˵ڡ
Ԫ򫿴ıӰӷ϶пڵļˣսȭͷ


66 

ܾ˻ʵڹ, ڻʵԴźɫУ˻ص˹ס
ܸоõһ·, Щһ
ƺڷ, ΣξѰתͷ
, 㻽ң
ץסת˲ŵãһ̾˾סĶ䡣ʹûʹ, ҲϰԵ
һת, ʹߴ㣬ȥȥҹУ
Ȼ, һ, æŶ䵯˼Զ
Ц, ʲôأʱ䵹ȥ꾩ҹһˣĵ۶ҹһ֣
ǰǣ, һҹȥ
, Щ
ʱ̼ǹǸи, ˴ʲô׸ģͳͳ׵Ժ󣬾ֻǵһЩ
أмĿĳʳ, ſˮ
ʲôըˡ⡢۸⣬ͨͨһݣÿվտرҪСһ㾧Ө͸ķۣ𣬲ʳ󿪡
һˡ
ҡľȣسʱ˵Сӡ
óԡҲһѣֻܱȵؽ᲻ּĹζӣüͷ塣
ɫҹеĵһյյˣﲻһƬУ׼ҵ˵һʱˮӡ
ˮУһ֡
һˮףش˸ãԸˣڰϣķٽУζſеۡ
룬ӦøҲһݡ
ֱģﶼûأôﻹʱһŴСȥˡ
ԪĵĹܼһţһЦӯĴк̽ͷˣ壬Թ𣿡
ǸƽޱүȴѵϸߵĴСֽ˺ͷ
˰Ѻүˣǡ
СĵؿżڳִӰǶ﷭壬Ǹġ
˵ţһС߽˸
һ˲ӦæָԱߵ̴ӣȥүͷţ

ǻĻ磬궫˴ϣδԡһϤĹ
ûİ﷢£ã¸ðԼ
Ϣ˯ˡҹЩˣӦ󣬴˸Ƿܿͽ硣
ǳȳĺ𣬰еĲӣ˯齣ѥûһ죬죬Ϣس˸
ҹһӰݶֱķȥ
ԪɿصˣΪǿ
ܹݣɺµһ˲䣬͸е˲Ծ
죬Ӱ
üղ鿴ֵΪͳ죬Ԫҹڹֵ
ȥǶأ
죬ûϵԪĶ졣
꾩ʹ
Ԫ򫵥ϥڻʵ۵鷿ڣ³£
ȷɽ볼֮˾
ĵܣҶ϶ǻڽеС֮ĻðŻʹμӺڱ£˼ӣ
ıͦúֵǹĽͳ죬ҲǻʵΪغεĳӣĻ١
Ԫƽաʱںһ
ǻʵ۵һ仰ȫԭ
޾͵ҹδ˵Щʵƣ̫Ѩ޵Ķӣһ޲ϴ
һ㣬ʵۺƶ
˵ĴɱҲãҪ޵Ҳգ޲ڶΡ𾪵Ԫ򫣬Ԫ򫰡޿Ƿӵʵ̫ˡ
һøףúô𣿡
Ԫ򫲻֪Լô߳鷿ģŻʹڵҹգͻȻԶصĸס
ĸףҲ

űϣ鷿ٴλָƽʵۣͳˣա
һŵӴڵİ߳
һ£ͷñڵĻһһ۾ͻϳˡ
置ָǽλĵıˣ
Ӱ߳ķ߽ͳʲô˵ʲôϤţֻԹ˵ԼĻ
Ѿ꾩ˣŹ˼죬̽ʹ
ʵеëһ٣дȥʮλڸ֣ʱһ֮
ʮλ֣ʮλشַһ
ԡʱ޵纣Ϻض벻ɱ¥뿪һ˲䣬Ѿ̤˵ˡ
ıô꣬Ҫһˣ
ףǺ졣ȭһЦֻһӰʧԶ
ʵۣҹ紵ķ˿׷Ȼ֡
*
ʵƺ԰ӣڶգŻʵ۴µȨƣŰ泩ͨؽ˻ʹ
ԭȨζƣζŷŹı顣
оˣһ˵õȮζ
ܿһС̫ˣԳ칫ɶӣ칫ԼӶλ˵ġ
С̫컬࣬ŷǡ
˵˵Сӵòɣ˵ޱİׯĹ˵Լðλˡ
֮컨׹Ρ
ǵʱѾ鷿ܽˣС̫˵ıӰԸźɵ˵ˣ֦ͳͷˡ
ϧ·̫ˡ
Ͱ澭ͨƫְ̫絽ˣɫЩȻм䣬ʵ׹Цš
ղ
μ¡
Ůμ¡
ʵ۽תƽ¶Ȱ˽½ޡʡˡ
˰һۣǡȴûн
ʵۿС̾˿ǲûٶ˵ʲô
תͷλλ置İ׹
ָֻһĴ磬Ըˣ˻ʵҲֱֱŮٴ֤һ顣
ӣͻȻ֮ǰӵľҷӦһءõЩʹһ¡
һֱʵͷ亹ʶġЩʹʲô˼
ĹƳλַùϢľ飬ӦǺܴ
ȷʵͬһԹơһϣõӦ˼
ʱ£Ǻιʱͬƣ
һ⣬Ҳ֪⡣
ʵ̣ӹ칫ݹĺ˲ǵĺ
º̾һҲһʱʧ죬Ҷһͬ˵˵ļƣ
ƺܺڣգ޽Ҷ鷿ۣСš־˭뵽ͻȻ¹л˴̿ͣ޴æȥʱ̿ѾҲûж룬ص鷿˱裬û뵽ʱÿ¶ЩԾ
޻˶Ѱҽ˵޲δжҶʱµͬһˮǴˡǸεؿŰ
ĸһԸ㽡ƽӱҲãƽҲգֻԸһƽ˳޲֣֪
ʵ۵һ¶ĻÿֶŸĸȭȭ֮ģ˵ڳ˼Щ
ԪһĿȰĻʵۣƺԾŵرġ
ȷʵЩɶʲôҲû˵
üͷ΢Ƭ̣ڹƳ̫ãҪ׼ЩպұΪǽ˹ƣ
лҪ˵ҹвֲοˡ¼

67 

⼸, ʵ۶ǵ̬ȼֱ˵ݣƣǴʵ۵޹, Ҳǳͨ
·ҪʮźҪֲһ޳нƱһһ, ÿ칫ʱԹسԼ, Цþʢľջ
һλãܳʸУÿһ, һС̫СŮд, һȥѹѹһƬͷΪԼλ
е㲻Ӧ, ʲôǹشһС
ƲЩ, ͦϲܵġ
һȥ, ԪҪ书ʽˣ̫һԱŹڳѡ
һֲ粻ܿˣҲʮˣѧ, Ҫѧ, ʮͻҵֽˡ
ƲԪҾܵܶദΪ
ǰ, ̫ϰСżͨ졣
Ҳ֪ߵĻǳŲסˣǿ΢ȣߡ
ƺǸʦֽλĶһһ, ˵ҪʵӣÿҪʱ
̫ϰ֮˶ãԲ㽫ٴ̫𾪵飬ŶЦ
ֱס˴̫ĹëЦеؿųϵˡ
֪ܺá
Щ죬ʵ۲ûگ繫ݡ
Ҫޡʵİ񣬡ֻǲûӵȥ㡣
̾һ֪ǲϰڹţԸÿģ޲ȥ㡣
ʲôȥա
ЩЩȣһ˵ⷬĻ˼վڰĽǶȥǡ
ë΢ڴ͸չһƬӰȴûбܿʵ۵Ĵ
ʲô㣿ձԼĵˡ
밢صɽеļҡҲףΪԼὫ뷨˵
ɾһطֻ˵ΪԼǰ˵
ʵ۲û˵ʲôֻȥ֮ǰڹա
֪Ҫ׼ʲôҩ衣Ҳףڽһͬ
ȥݸһСƿ񲣬úԷ󾢺ͣôĻƿҩպ֪ȥ
ܽڵĹƳȥҲʮִ
ɵشнӹСƿ
Ŵƿİ̾˿ȥ˰Ժӡ
ҹҹ˾
񱾾ǳߣ⣬һСʯӻд뻣ડ졣
񾯾ۣ˯ˣỺ齣³ȥˡ
ǧһϮҹ£ɫؿŵغϷš
ڵݱڹϣתƵϡ
ʦ
꣬ȥ档
Ṧһǰһһտĵط
ʦ֣㵽״ʲôʱ֣ǧ𼸲ǰʡ
Ѿߵ˽֪Ȼȴȫ̶˹
һżðżķճ
ʦ֣㲻ҪͿˣɱǸʵۣǲܻȥǧĬ
Ѿδʦĵˣʧܣûģ
ǲǸŮƻ㣡ǧͻȻıΥǸŮ֮ŷġ
ȥɱԣɱʦֲŻԭһвŻص죡
еɱ뱩壬ɫһֻɫӰһΣһƷ˿ƮƮرڵء
ʡ
棬һѪۻ֡
ûڲ˵ˡ
죬Ǹɱ֣ʣꡣ
ҵľڷһУѭԼĵ뷨
ģŶģԼҲǸ˼ˣ뷨һУȴӲյľ
ҲǻҲɱ¥һǸˡǧһһ
ǧһϣͻȻ˼ǰԼɱ¥Ļ
̴ûиģֻһ𹤾ߣܲġ
дӲƿǧڵϣɫӲˣ촽⶯˼£û˵һ֡
֪ĵ׵ı˴Ӻζ
*
ڶգ˽
һҩľУŰҲֲûҩϡ
С̫һƫƧĵǰܿտˡ
ʵ˵ﲻҲǡ
ڣɺܿտͷһȥ߰˸Ҳ
齣һҽǰӹҩУսȥţĶּ̧ͷŷɫζҲ治
ҩݸʵۣͷ
Ҫʼˣ޹Աȥ˸ڵƫֻʣ񡢻ʵۺͰˡ
̻Щʹҵһ֧㣬ܵʱЩɼǵʹġ
ʵЦǺǵطҩ裬׹㾡ִܷ޲㡣
ûлشֻü㣬ûã̾ڵƿ
ȷҩˣеĵӡ
϶ӸڴЩţˮһѽһѡ
һԵ̫Щʹļ⣬Ҳ˼ŲˮҹӨ¡
˵ŵˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãɫ԰׵شӵڿųǰסһС̫׼õĴ˸
ˣúϢֱƫżȥҰ
ͷ󺹲԰ϣĿؿŻԲѵˡ
֣ڵĺ
֪
ƶҲˣٵˡ
ֻҪ֣ʮԸ
ӴƲȥָ
ԽԽƤůĴ뾱һ´֣ͻȻѰ㣬͵֡
ٿվֲؿĻʵһۣ߳˵ڡ
ӰߺҲ룬źźĹڣ˭Ҳ̶̵֪ʮڣʲô
оôܵǰպÿ߳æǰ
Һܺãõġ˳ǡ
ǾͿˣС̫ﻹСѲһ룬Ҩһף˴ι㡣
Щ죬ܱͷĹһۣ֣ңǻȥͷա
е˳ƫߣƳǴȻ
Ѳ˷ˡ
Ҳеˡ
*
̫ӻصЩĲɡ
ŵܺ͸ʵĲˣôüģ¡
ʣˡô꣬Ҳûĸôù
һ٣ܵܣҲʵᶯҡ̫֮λġ
Ԫס֣סָĶӣü֪һ̡
ܶ£֪

68 

ƶ֮Ǽ, ͰֵļգһпվͻȥʱŰ, ʱҲһȥ
û˸һֻһƵĹӣˣÿ, һ쵽ҲֻӰ
ֻ죬ڶʱӶ, ӦҲϲ֡
˶˵Ůһ̨ϷΪȻ˶֡
, ð齫ˡ
ʱ򲻵ò̾, ʼҹǲһݳ޳̶ȣЧ, ֱˣô䶼Ϊ
, ˵ϼҲ㽥Ϥˡ
ķͷ, ȱһͱ
Ůм䣬߶ǴɤţҪʲô, ʲô
̫ʱ깫, ҲΧ, Ͱм䡣
Ͳһơ

Ͳ


죬Ʊ̧ͷ
˺ˣЦһӣһȺط̫ʦϡ
ɡ
Դչȥһ, ȻǾʮ
óáȭϲ£죬̫ȷȥҲһۡ
У

Ͱ񼸺춼ڶ̫ߵʱӶ࣬Ǵ齫졣
ûʱڽűߣʱӰ
һ죬ڶʱһ۵顣
ǰɡסˡ
ݴֻٷֿˣͷʲôûһҡβ͹
ŲԶֵĳë֣һѾס˴ƵĹ䡣
ѳڣʶԼ̫󣬸ϽĴһĹԴԼҲ׽˲ݴ
ҪҪţ۲ݣ㹷㵽ʹˡ
ѽ̫ĹԲҪҪ
һѹңӭӴƵһᡣ
ϣڰһӡ
΢͹Ķӣ̾ȷʵˣǼҵģȥǸǰ룬һڴأ
涵ؿֱַϣ˵һǸŮأ
һҲ˸֪ĳСӡ
仰û˵ˣɨʱԼȰ˵Ķһ٣ĿڵöԣǸúúýԣ
ǵڶһ磬˾ѹŴƸȥˣֶ̫Ǽɹһ˹սȻǺˡ
*
ҹзһֻӣǧۣԥ󣬻ǽͲеֽȡ˳
ֽϵֺɫһѸٴҹ£ǽȥ
纣վڹǽȥһ⡣
˿ûǧȷڵء
̴أȵ
ǧĨǵѪǽʦ
纣ͻȻɫһ裬סĲӣȻң
ҹԣĻ£ֻڣǽͻȻͳʮӰ
ǧѣץų纣֣ѵҡû
纣ͻȻ˦۾彣
齣һ˲䣬ǽϵӰһ붯ˣǷԾ£߷ͷл
Զ¥ϣŵµΣͻȻһЦ֪纣ԸƢԣ֣Ϊڳ纣˶׸
޵ʮڸ֣Ҳӣ
纣;δǽʽַ£֧ܿ·硣
򣡡ڸ˷ʩ纣еĽ߷ɣһɳһȭһᵽѪ
Ůô죿
һͬΣ

ʪĵ鶯
Ьˮϣડડડ죬һӽη
ڼϡ·ָӵ
Ѫ˺ѷεʹó纣͵Ұް˻ơ
ʵ㣡·ڵˣʲôû¾Ǽȥ
ֽͽŽˡڵΣ·һ㶣ֻǡ
㣡ڼϡ顱죬纣ȫ͹ʮֿɲ
ȫ̱һͼϣֻжӺ̶סʱŻˡ
ˬ죬벻ɣʩ̹˵ĳ¥Ҳᱻ̣ôζ𣿡
纣ճѪҷ˿۵һߣϣһ˫ɱ۾
ôҡһЦͻȻ㽫ҸĸɱҼ˵ʬаҴʱҲô˵ġ
ˮתͬһ仰Ƕ˵ˣ˵ɲɣ
纣㵺ȻĿ⣬֪ʲôˡ
͡һЦôԸɱС˺ӵļ䣬ιҩΣģ
޵ӣڽտˣĸ˫Ŀ۾˫ȴ˫֣ͻȻתݺס°͡
㲻ó̴лʵ𣿹Ҹ㣬ѾӺͽϣ̴Զɱ
ԸԶʵ֣ôֿɼǰȴ˺ݺˤ˵ϣҾҪ㳢һζ
纣һҡͷܺͽ⣬ԣԡ
ӣѾûģһ֣⵶̽ĸ
ꡱһһ磬纣ֱͦͦصɴ۾
ԡԭ¡αӡþȫ˵󼸸ֺ۾ٶˡ
ճѪߵ䣬εϡ
ɿ֣ȥͻȻ߶¶İɫһǡ
üֽ̧鲼ȴһдѪֵĲ
ݡüͷ塣
ſڴȵĽŲһüٽƬ߬ս
ˣŴ򿪣һֻɫѥ̤С
תˡ
˵գͲ˳ȥ
ֻһڡ˱ʧˡ
ʵ۵̼˵ĸתһ˲˻˴ˣ漴Ҳ뿪˵Ρ      


69 

ʵʹ, ƶȥĻָˡ
˼ҩţɫһתȡ, ûʲôˣҲ˼䡣
֪лȥĴ, ʵͻȻˡ
սһԸԲա, ̾˿Ҳûƺ޿κΡ
ܾ, 칫
Ӣ, ȥŷ֪ͨһ£ĲɫḻЩ
ūͽȥ׼칫ֺǺǵعӦ, ȥ׼ˡ
˿ûӴܾĻᡣ
֪, ûһʡ, ɽ꾩˴һǻȥ꾩Ļͺˡ
Բҩ߳ϵİ, ƺԼ÷ҲûúóԹһη
ȥ, ûоܾ, Ӧˡ
һϯ磬͢棬Ƶˡ
ǵļ磬ȥʲôʯϴҶ, һ˳ơ
꾩һУƺͨࡣ
˵ٹգǻȥ֮ǰҲذȥ
ĲȥϷɵˮεĵܵģŶһ顣
ȥһźҰˣʯϡ
ΣֻգһֻŸ̤ԺӣͻȻʲôס
ȥ˵ذסſ
һ٣һһֱûףڴ񣬻ȥ
ǣþˣ
ƲƲ졣
ıӰüͷܾûʵ۵ĽЩǣǿΪλͬأڵӣ־ûֻԼ̫ˡ
*
μ磬Ҳֻ̫һңʵһҲû˵ǡ硱
ŹһšŮŰ̾µĲȴӵ룬ĬĬŰˣ
С̫ԹʳʵֺǺǵǰþա
Ͱߵǵļңʲôͳԣǧš
ͰһۣӣһˣУ۾һȻˬڣա
Ůŵƣ̫˵˼Ҫٱƣȴľһ¡
ҶȤˡ
ʵã˵Ҫúʹͣп벻Ҳֵ֮һ졣
칫ΪǼλϧĻӣæ˵˼û
ʵƽԪز԰ݣѵѵչգ˵ҲҪŬΪʼҿ֦ɢҶ
ԪҲֻǵЦһ£˵ǡ
ڵ̫֣Ŷ泯ЦĵܵܣӿһԵĿο
ɵĵܵܣҵҸˡ
һƬǢУɫ˵ƣʵۻ˸ϷȤؿǵϷݣͼ칫ӻʵǱܹ԰˵Щ
˻ʵһۣվ԰˵Ҫ뿪һ
Цű˱֪ǵ˽ҹ㲻óˡ
á۾Ҳӡ
*
ʱһҿջһƬǽ壬Ź֣
ؿڣһԻѪֱ鴤ĳǣһ£һ亹Ӷǻ䡣
죬ɳƴµ𡪡֣ݼ¥
ƿƳһ۵ϵĴѪڵʰһ¡
ǣ
վڴǰԶƻͨĻʹͻȻеѪüͷ뿪˿ջ
ڴͬʱһ糾͵Ҳÿ˸еĴš
ôˣ濴ǰɢдһ˿ˣȻ
*
ҹϮյķϣů⡣
񾲾ظڻʵ󣬻ʵƺˣû˵ûһ˱һǰ
̧ͷҶϡ¹̽ʱЩĬ
˵
աʵƿţ
滨ɣɼʱ
ҹڶвľջˣǰϲԭֲġʵָЩڡ
ĸǰס
һţ߾ͶǽϹŵǸϡ
Ů߷ƣŵɫŹװһ֧̣ЦȻüˮ
ʵע⵽ߣЦգ˵ʱʢĹ͢ʦΪġ
תһɨˣŸп꣬޸յǻ뼸λ½Ѳ飬·ϲ˰㣬Ůһһʮ޵İܴ
ǸŮӣȴᣬƽ⣬޲çϢ޼Ůˡ
޽˹ûñ㡣
תɫȰشȡһ壬ʱΪµģСϣձ½㡣
ֽӹЩµ壬ԥ󣬻ʳ֪£Ϊʲôᷢ𣿡
£ûаջٹѺۣͷϾı΢΢ü
Сϣ
ǹ˴𣬻ӵᣣˮˡʵ۴Ȱؿ
ĸײ书ϰ֮ˡй񡭡
ͻȻȻֹ塰žડһڵϣǰһѣΣһԵ˦˦ͷǰŴȰױģ
㡭ƭҡӲţŬſƤһҲʹ
޵ġöӡӴ޿ûƭ㣬ѽȱ˿ŷ֮ġ
ʵ۲ȹ壬ȻǸȰף޻лл㣬ǧǶµĹƽˣҲʡȥǸ֪İˡ
ȴһƵϡ
ģϧ֮ˣ޲ҽӣ̫ҽԺΪʼЧͰաʵ۾ӸµظŽűߵޣ֣Ӧ˽޾һ̣صԭ·ϰա
Ϸ̨ϵϷѽѽسţһʼ°ȻڿƤֱܡ
ԪɣĸסϷйŮİŵһ飬˹
ֱӣ뿪ķȥôôöû
ͻȻһ鲼ƮɿһԵ̫ӷ̫๬Ůȥ
һͷĲԾһĿǸɺԵѪ֣
ÿһʶһȴ쳣İֻԴ죬Ѫɫȥ
ˮ¹ˮͻȻҹдһУϷǡһĻͻȻѹ
ѵ̫ʦηڵأ˷ӦʱֻıӰ
ˮţԽԽԪطĲԾ˸˹ȥ
ӵ̴ľϣؿؾ𻭣ֻһıӰ
ȣͨ죬ܻҪûһ㣬Ϣͷűյҡҡ׹ķƴȫ˹ȥ
ѡһϣ̡һð̡
ʹϯˣȫˣ
Լȱұۣǵģʱķѹ֣һģһĻ𡭡
߽ģڿץֽ£
ֻúôʹյķ磬ΪʲôΪʲôŻ¹ֽű䣬ȫʧȥ
ΪʲôҪôǣ
С̫һһŻŵˮͰ˻ˮȴû
һͷɢҵͷվ¹ǰһƬȻ
ұǰˡ
ҵĽǸɾġ
Һ˲һ
ϲ㣬ϲ
һҪҡ
ҺøˣҪ
Ҳˡ
λȥһڱҲ롭

ңֻ˺ѷΣʹѾԼһЪ˹غ񡪡
һƬֻһͷʧȥ
¹ȥŲһӿ죬ϣΪΪİֻһʧȥʧȥ
סԪش˸סغš񡱵Ůˡ
֪ƿǰˣҪһͷ˻
Ԫؼ״͹Ҳȥȴס
£̫ܽȥ
£壡ҽҲϣȥģ
˵˭ֻ̫һƬհס
̣ʡƺԼ˵ˡ
ŵܡҲ棿
¹Ԫسۣ
£̫̫ܽ
أǴ㲻ܽȥĨȥᣬǰ
ԪȫӲͣ
¼ٷСĵɿ
ʱһѪλƮǰԪĿһ١
սѪ˫Ŀɺ죬صعڵϣǰܴ𣬶веŭ
*
ĳľؿһۣѵȻһذס
˼ʬ͹ȥԲ
¹ˮ̫๬ŮǶûԭλ칫ҲӰƿ鷿ţǵӰһ٣ɵǰȥ
̫ӣ¹Ǳˣʵ۱ڿ飬ûһ
û𡣡Ԫ
ʵ۷ԣ̧ͷԪȴͻȻǰһȥ
ꡱһһıͱ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ䰮ĶߣΪʲôʹţγӣֺݺͱȥ
ʵץ֣ŵŷһԵĵơ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ棬ɱ
Ϊģʧȥǵĺӡ
ΪȨôɱ
ΪʲôòײһĵܵҲҪ
ʹޣһһȥѪȫ
㱾Զꡭ
Ӣŷ˻Ũ裬ȴǰһĻŵõ̡
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Ľ, ĸ˷ּۻۣ˵ٴ, λЯڷ̯ȶԶ˵˵ЦЦ쳣֡
ǵĻЦ, С̯ӾԵ壬쳣ˡ
һš顱ӱ, һɽڴ
ʱʱСϵСһӵؿһۣŤŤӡ
Զ, һȺΧһ˵С̯ǰ, ſһɣ͵͵ţëСĳ, ġ
š˯, Ӵ˸ֳ, Сһһ
ӲӣŰȶصС޾ŵɫڳһΪƵЦݣչȥС, ﻹûأ
, ׿ˡŵӡ
忴Сģ, ̲ס˶Ȥ˼ϧؿѽѽôöСأҪ, ͸ͷ
ˮʱСһۿ
ģײᶪصġСӣʹſҪĽӣ׺࣬Ҫ׬ǮǮҪأүүô
⣬ⱦզأȥ壬һ˫־һСһ
壬ǲ۸ˣǴؿŰ壬СԴ
Сһŵĸϵ㣬һŲСʱίͷץؽһ
ǽһΡ
ʱһ֧Ǻ«İҲ߹ˣļʪһС飬üôˣ
ֶȤҡͷŻСһ޲ޣǼǿСӺԲѽүү㿪Цء
ԶԶԣүүˣ۸㡣ҲһԲͣغ
ûޣزܿޡС̧̰ͷ¶۾С̲첻ý
ЩۣҡҡǺ«ʲôǺ«
Сع汻˹ͷɫһ
ǡصģȷСԥŲǰ˵СҪٳǣŻὡ
ȴ˸žϲСĵؽӹСһһ˫˰
񣬹ɶµۣԸȴҲŰС
ԴүүǸˣ˵Ժͬ㿪Цˣظôѽүүտأû˴أظ˵ʲôѽ
СС죬ԼղŲޱӵĳЩߵؿŰ壬ǰָ
үүԭˣллտأػܿףرûеҰС
ΪӹߵС³СؿŰŸм
úӣүүԡҲΪԼ졣
˫ɺͽ⣬£ģڵŮ̾˿Ҫȥ
šͷɫ͵غ˵İ񣬵˵ͷܹҪȥģôãҲˣʱزɽˡ
Īʳ˴ӻȳҹ꾩
ǲͣЪظʮ·ŵ˰壬Ϊĺ۵Եʣزɽ鱻飬òڰԴ
ֱһºµ۵ǻǲ֪ǸѾˡ
̥ܲȣ˽£ңƽسˡ
صĳ嵭ķΧûἰǼ¡
ΪСһһС·;زɽļƻָ
ٺַһϵдֲ£¾һֱϵڡ
رˣذ·ϣͻȻ˵¾£·һʱ䡣
ʯϣ˷׷ӴܣͰСһ㵽̵£ԱֽɡСЦ죬ֺǵͭǮ
ңֽɡ
ҪŵģкŵģСŵأ
Ҫ
һѴŵģһСŵġڰǰͷ

˼ۣ
Ų˵һɡء
ЩΣЩʲô
ػﱻ˰СɡµؿԼס
عԣ㱧㣬СɡԹԵسŵòã
ؿŵͱ˲һ֣صͷҪɡػԹԸںġ
СһѧŵģشɡСθƨɺ档
Ͳĵػͷһۣ̾һǰˮݣӹɡŬŬ죬뱧ȥա
صͷСĵµСˮӣͻȻǰһƬӰԺ̧ͷ
һѱյСɡ漴Сһ죬ס˵Ĳӡ
žںɫֽɡϣڵĻԱף·һСأһ궼򲻵ſϤǿ׳ļϣļˡ
׻ᶪ𣿡ͻȻүүĻ
ᡣֱŻС壬˽֣Զᶪ㡣
۹ȥãԾɼǵһ죬ЦŽССŵԼʱģ۵Сů̫еķɾһ̣йͣ·ʲôˡ
ǰĽᾧҲϣ
ʱİЦһǵףҲǵıôܶأ
ʲôѽزŰգ۾ʡ
Ŷ۵ӣڳֵ˵СǼ⣬װŵҲװء
飬
ôôװأЩա
ЦҲЦ
ŻеӺԵӣԲġ
ꡪ        

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